abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is the predominant histological type of @entity1 , accounting for up to 85% of cases. Disease stage is commonly used to determine adjuvant treatment eligibility of @entity4 @entity0 , however, it is an imprecise predictor of the prognosis of an individual @entity0 . Currently, many researchers resort to microarray technology for identifying relevant genetic prognostic markers, with particular attention on trimming or extending a Cox regression model. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are two major histology subtypes of @entity4 . It has been demonstrated that fundamental differences exist in their underlying mechanisms, which motivated us to postulate the existence of specific genes related to the prognosis of each histology subtype. RESULTS: In this article, we propose a simple filter feature selection algorithm with a Cox regression model as the base. Applying this method to real-world microarray data identifies a histology-specific prognostic gene signature. Furthermore, the resulting 32-gene (32/12 for @entity2 / @entity3 ) prognostic signature for early-stage @entity2 and @entity3 samples has superior predictive ability relative to two relevant prognostic signatures, and has comparable performance with signatures obtained by applying two state-of-the art algorithms separately to @entity2 and @entity3 samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our proposal is conceptually simple, and straightforward to implement. Furthermore, it can be easily adapted and applied to a range of other research settings. REVIEWERS: This article was reviewed by Leonid Hanin (nominated by Dr. Lev Klebanov), Limsoon Wong and @entity5 Yu.

title: Test on existence of histology subtype-specific prognostic signatures among XXXX and @entity3 @entity0 using a Cox-model based filter.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is the predominant histological type of @entity1 , accounting for up to 85% of cases. Disease stage is commonly used to determine adjuvant treatment eligibility of @entity4 @entity0 , however, it is an imprecise predictor of the prognosis of an individual @entity0 . Currently, many researchers resort to microarray technology for identifying relevant genetic prognostic markers, with particular attention on trimming or extending a Cox regression model. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are two major histology subtypes of @entity4 . It has been demonstrated that fundamental differences exist in their underlying mechanisms, which motivated us to postulate the existence of specific genes related to the prognosis of each histology subtype. RESULTS: In this article, we propose a simple filter feature selection algorithm with a Cox regression model as the base. Applying this method to real-world microarray data identifies a histology-specific prognostic gene signature. Furthermore, the resulting 32-gene (32/12 for @entity2 / @entity3 ) prognostic signature for early-stage @entity2 and @entity3 samples has superior predictive ability relative to two relevant prognostic signatures, and has comparable performance with signatures obtained by applying two state-of-the art algorithms separately to @entity2 and @entity3 samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our proposal is conceptually simple, and straightforward to implement. Furthermore, it can be easily adapted and applied to a range of other research settings. REVIEWERS: This article was reviewed by Leonid Hanin (nominated by Dr. Lev Klebanov), Limsoon Wong and @entity5 Yu.

title: Test on existence of histology subtype-specific prognostic signatures among @entity1 and @entity3 XXXX using a Cox-model based filter.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The meninges (dura, @entity5 and @entity4 ) are critical membranes encasing and protecting the brain within the skull. The leptomeninges, which comprise the @entity4 and @entity5 , have many functions beyond brain protection including roles in neurogenesis, @entity2 . Similarly, the choroid plexus plays important roles in normal brain function but is also involved in @entity2 . We have begun studying the role of @entity0 leptomeninges and @entity2 and leptomeninges in @entity3 formation, using @entity0 brain derived explant cultures. To study the composition of the cells generated in these explants we undertook immunocytochemical characterisation. Cells, mainly pericytes and meningeal macrophages, emerge from leptomeningeal explants (LME's) and respond to inflammatory mediators by producing inflammatory molecules. LME-derived cells also respond to mechanical injury and cytokines, providing an in vitro @entity0 brain model of @entity3 formation. Choroid plexus explants (CPE's) generate epithelial cells, pericytes and microglia/macrophages. CPE-derived cells also respond to inflammatory mediators. LME and CPE explants survive and generate cells for many months in vitro and provide a remarkable opportunity to study basic mechanisms of @entity0 @entity2 and @entity1 and to test human-active anti-inflammatory and anti-scarring treatments.

title: Studying XXXX Brain Inflammation in Leptomeningeal and Choroid Plexus Explant Cultures.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a multifaceted microorganism known to act as a beneficial intestinal commensal bacterium. It is also a dreaded nosocomial pathogen causing life-threatening infections in hospitalised @entity0 . Isolates of a distinct MLST type ST40 represent the most frequent strain type of this species, distributed worldwide and originating from various sources (animal, @entity0 , environmental) and different conditions (colonisation/infection). Since enterococci are known to be highly recombinogenic we determined to analyse the microevolution and niche adaptation of this highly distributed clonal type. RESULTS: We compared a set of 42 ST40 isolates by assessing key molecular determinants, performing whole genome sequencing (WGS) and a number of phenotypic assays including resistance profiling, formation of biofilm and utilisation of @entity1 sources. We generated the first circular closed reference genome of an @entity2 isolate D32 of animal origin and compared it with the genomes of other reference strains. D32 was used as a template for detailed WGS comparisons of high-quality draft genomes of 14 ST40 isolates. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest a high level of similarity regarding the core genome, also demonstrated by similar @entity1 utilisation patterns. Distribution of known and putative virulence-associated genes did not differentiate between ST40 strains from a commensal and clinical background or an animal or @entity0 source. Further analyses of mobile genetic elements (MGE) revealed genomic diversity owed to: (1) a modularly structured pathogenicity island; (2) a site-specifically integrated and previously unknown genomic island of 138 kb in two strains putatively involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis; and (3) isolate-specific plasmid and phage patterns. Moreover, we used different cell-biological and animal experiments to compare the isolate D32 with a closely related ST40 @entity3 isolate whose draft genome sequence was also generated. D32 generally showed a greater capacity of adherence to @entity0 cell lines and an increased pathogenic potential in various animal models in combination with an even faster growth in vivo (not in vitro). CONCLUSION: Molecular, genomic and phenotypic analysis of representative isolates of a major clone of @entity2 MLST ST40 revealed new insights into the microbiology of a commensal bacterium which can turn into a conditional pathogen.

title: Comprehensive molecular, genomic and phenotypic analysis of a major clone of XXXX MLST ST40.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Dialysis is an important factor in predicting the risk associated with cardiovascular and general abdominal surgery. The association between @entity1 @entity0 and dialysis was also studied, and in particular, the effects of dialysis on the postoperative outcomes of @entity2 which has not been widely reported in the literature. METHODS: This is a retrospective, multi-institutional study of the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database, investigating preoperative dialysis status and its association with postoperative mortality and morbidity. RESULTS: Among 42,403 @entity2 @entity0 , 265 @entity0 (0.6 %) were receiving dialysis. @entity0 undergoing dialysis had a higher risk of re-intubation (6.8 %, p   <   0.001), on ventilator-support more than 48 h (7.2 %, p   <   0.001), and @entity5 (7.2 %, p   <   0.05). Deep @entity4 (adjusted odds ratio   =   2.09), @entity3 (adjusted odds ratio   =   1.86), and @entity6 (adjusted odds ratio   =   1.9) were significantly associated with dialysis status. The postoperative mortality rate of dialysis @entity0 was 8.3 % (p   <   0.001) and had significant association in a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model (hazard ratio   =   1.63, p   =   0.026). Total length of hospital stay (coefficient   =   3.5, p   <   0.001) and overall complication (coefficient   =   0.134, p   <   0.001) were prominent in the dialysis groups. The rate of laparoscopic surgery in dialysis and non-dialysis @entity0 was 33 and 42 %, respectively (odds ratio   =   0.693, p   =   0.005). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity2 , dialysis status significantly contributes to postoperative morbidity, length of total hospital stay, and mortality. In addition, the rates of preventable @entity7 were shown to require more careful attention in the hospital setting, and particularly in dialysis @entity0 . Preoperative dialysis @entity0 are less likely than non-dialysis @entity0 to undergo a minimally invasive approach.

title: Association of dialysis with adverse postoperative outcomes in XXXX -an analysis of ACS-NSQIP.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Childhood @entity2 is not an uncommon illness, but there is a considerable relapse rate in these @entity0 on medical treatment. An attempt is made in this study to identify those markers that are predictive of a tendency to relapse in childhood @entity2 . A total of 32 @entity0 with @entity2 were included in the study. Several features were correlated with a tendency to relapse. Of these features, sex, family history, and antibody status were not significantly correlated to relapse. However, of 17 @entity0 with @entity3 size two times normal or larger, 16 relapsed in comparison with seven relapses of 15 @entity0 with @entity3 size less than two times normal (p = 0.0039). Of eight @entity0 without @entity4 , only two relapsed, while 21 @entity0 of 24 @entity0 with @entity4 , relapsed (p = 0.002). Of 13 patients with serum @entity1 levels below 20 mcg/dl, six relapsed; of the 19 patients with serum @entity1 levels above 20 mcg/dl, 17 relapsed (p = 0.039). Among 24 @entity0 with a previous relapse, only one achieved a remission with a second course of treatment. The remaining 23 @entity0 had recurrent relapses. Hence it was found that @entity3 size, presence of @entity4 , total @entity1 levels, and a previous relapse correlated significantly with a further relapse.

title: Relapse markers in childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: One hundred and fourteen @entity0 with soft tissue @entity5 were seen in the Kuwait Cancer Control Centre over a period of 11 years. Fifty per cent were @entity8 , @entity7 and @entity6 . The lower extremity was the commonest site involved, followed by the trunk. Treatment was in most cases surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. The overall rate of local recurrence was 36%. Local failure was highest in @entity2 (66%). In @entity3 , local recurrence was higher in proximal sites than in distal sites. Twenty-eight per cent of the @entity0 had @entity1 , the lung being the commonest site (68%). The histological type had no bearing on local failure or dissemination. Histopathological grade was found to be an important prognostic indicator, both for @entity4 . The rates of local recurrence and @entity1 were lower in low grade than in high grade @entity2 .

title: Soft tissue XXXX in Kuwait: a review of 114 @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: One hundred and fourteen @entity0 with soft tissue @entity5 were seen in the Kuwait Cancer Control Centre over a period of 11 years. Fifty per cent were @entity8 , @entity7 and @entity6 . The lower extremity was the commonest site involved, followed by the trunk. Treatment was in most cases surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. The overall rate of local recurrence was 36%. Local failure was highest in @entity2 (66%). In @entity3 , local recurrence was higher in proximal sites than in distal sites. Twenty-eight per cent of the @entity0 had @entity1 , the lung being the commonest site (68%). The histological type had no bearing on local failure or dissemination. Histopathological grade was found to be an important prognostic indicator, both for @entity4 . The rates of local recurrence and @entity1 were lower in low grade than in high grade @entity2 .

title: Soft tissue @entity5 in Kuwait: a review of 114 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To report disease control, survival and treatment-associated @entity2 with the use of proton therapy (PRT) for re-irradiation of @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity0 underwent 33 PRT re-irradiation courses for recurrent or metastatic lesions between June 2004 and February 2015 at Massachusetts General Hospital. RESULTS: The majority of @entity0 were female (60%), with @entity1 (90%), anaplastic histology (55%), and initially received 55.8 GyRBE (52.2-59.4) involved field (IF) PRT. First failure was local (55%), distant (30%) or both (15%) at a median time of 23.9months (9.9-98.5) from first treatment. Salvage therapy included re-resection (75%), chemotherapy (60%) and IFPRT (70%) to a median dose 50.4 GyRBE (35-55.8) in the majority of @entity0 . The median follow-up was 37.8months (5.5-138.0). Three year OS and PFS are 78.6% (95% CI 67.6-89.6) and 28.1% (95% CI 15.6-40.6), respectively. Longer OS was significantly associated with surgical resection of recurrent disease (HR 9.19, 95% CI 1.27-66.44, p=0.028). The pattern of second failure after re-irradiation was directly related to the pattern of first failure (p<0.01). Three of 14 @entity0 (21.4%) locally re-treated experienced grade 2 radiation-associated treatment change. CONCLUSIONS: Proton therapy appears safe and efficacious for the re-treatment of recurrent @entity3 .

title: Use of proton therapy for re-irradiation in pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Intravaginal high-dose-rate brachytherapy is an effective adjuvant treatment for localized @entity3 . However, relatively little is known about risk factors of post-treatment vaginal @entity2 (VS). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We included @entity0 treated with brachytherapy for @entity3 from September 2011 to January 2014 with at least 3 months of followup. @entity0 who received external beam radiation therapy were excluded. VS was prospectively graded at each followup visit per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.03.   (2) and t test analyses were used to assess the association of VS with various @entity0 , @entity1 , treatment, and post-treatment factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of VS Grade >= 1 and >= 2. RESULTS: All 101 @entity0 were disease free at last followup. Mean followup was 12.9 months (range, 3-34). Highest VS grades were zero in 67%, one in 26%, two in 6%, and three in 1%. Borderline significant variables associated with Grade >= 1 VS included @entity4 , proportion of vagina treated, and total dose. Dilator use was significantly associated with Grade >= 2. Multivariable analysis revealed that proportion of vagina treated >60% (odds ratio [OR], 3.48; p = 0.009) and total dose >14 Gy (OR, 4.27; p = 0.015) were independent predictors of Grade >= 1 VS, and lack of consistent dilator use was an independent predictor of Grade >= 2 VS (OR, 5.60; p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 treated with a higher total dose to a larger proportion of the vagina were more likely to develop Grade >= 1 VS. Consistent dilator use may also be protective against Grade >= 2 VS.

title: Predictors of vaginal XXXX after intravaginal high-dose-rate brachytherapy for @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Intravaginal high-dose-rate brachytherapy is an effective adjuvant treatment for localized @entity3 . However, relatively little is known about risk factors of post-treatment vaginal @entity2 (VS). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We included @entity0 treated with brachytherapy for @entity3 from September 2011 to January 2014 with at least 3 months of followup. @entity0 who received external beam radiation therapy were excluded. VS was prospectively graded at each followup visit per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.03.   (2) and t test analyses were used to assess the association of VS with various @entity0 , @entity1 , treatment, and post-treatment factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of VS Grade >= 1 and >= 2. RESULTS: All 101 @entity0 were disease free at last followup. Mean followup was 12.9 months (range, 3-34). Highest VS grades were zero in 67%, one in 26%, two in 6%, and three in 1%. Borderline significant variables associated with Grade >= 1 VS included @entity4 , proportion of vagina treated, and total dose. Dilator use was significantly associated with Grade >= 2. Multivariable analysis revealed that proportion of vagina treated >60% (odds ratio [OR], 3.48; p = 0.009) and total dose >14 Gy (OR, 4.27; p = 0.015) were independent predictors of Grade >= 1 VS, and lack of consistent dilator use was an independent predictor of Grade >= 2 VS (OR, 5.60; p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 treated with a higher total dose to a larger proportion of the vagina were more likely to develop Grade >= 1 VS. Consistent dilator use may also be protective against Grade >= 2 VS.

title: Predictors of vaginal @entity2 after intravaginal high-dose-rate brachytherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Development of the soil amoeba @entity1 is triggered by starvation. When placed on a solid substrate, the starving solitary amoebae cease growth, communicate via extracellular @entity0 , aggregate by tens of thousands and develop into multicellular organisms. Early phases of the developmental program are often studied in cells starved in suspension while @entity0 is provided exogenously. Previous studies revealed massive shifts in the transcriptome under both developmental conditions and a close relationship between gene expression and morphogenesis, but were limited by the sampling frequency and the resolution of the methods. RESULTS: Here, we combine the superior depth and specificity of RNA-seq-based analysis of mRNA abundance with high frequency sampling during filter development and @entity0 pulsing in suspension. We found that the developmental transcriptome exhibits mostly gradual changes interspersed by a few instances of large shifts. For each time point we treated the entire transcriptome as single phenotype, and were able to characterize development as groups of similar time points separated by gaps. The grouped time points represented gradual changes in mRNA abundance, or molecular phenotype, and the gaps represented times during which many genes are differentially expressed rapidly, and thus the phenotype changes dramatically. Comparing developmental experiments revealed that gene expression in filter developed cells lagged behind those treated with exogenous @entity0 in suspension. The high sampling frequency revealed many genes whose regulation is reproducibly more complex than indicated by previous studies. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis suggested that the transition to multicellularity coincided with rapid accumulation of transcripts associated with DNA processes and mitosis. Later development included the up-regulation of organic signaling molecules and co-factor biosynthesis. Our analysis also demonstrated a high level of synchrony among the developing structures throughout development. CONCLUSIONS: Our data describe @entity1 development as a series of coordinated cellular and multicellular activities. Coordination occurred within fields of aggregating cells and among multicellular bodies, such as mounds or migratory slugs that experience both cell-cell contact and various soluble signaling regimes. These time courses, sampled at the highest temporal resolution to date in this system, provide a comprehensive resource for studies of developmental gene expression.

title: Leaps and lulls in the developmental transcriptome of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that @entity1 and @entity1 experience in primary dentitions has increased over 4 years and to compare the presence of plaque on permanent teeth in @entity0 cohorts over 4 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A time-lag study design was used comprising two cohorts of @entity0 aged 7 years from the same five primary schools in Wuhan examined in 2007 and 2011. Two calibrated examiners visually assessed plaque accumulation according to the Greene and Vermillion Index and the dentitions according to the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) @entity1 criteria. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), logistic regression, and Chi-square test were used to test for differences between dependent and independent variables. RESULTS: The 2007 sample consisted of 817 @entity0 and the 2011 sample consisted of 1010 @entity0 . The prevalence of @entity1 (d3mft) was 68.2% in 2007 and 67.7% in 2011, while that of d2mft was 78.5% in 2007 and 71.4% in 2011 (P < 0.0006). The mean d3mft score was 2.8 in 2007 and 3.1 in 2011 (P = 0.046), while the mean d3mfs score was 4.9 in 2007 and 7.3 in 2011 (P < 0.0001). The d3-component of the d3mft index was 73% in 2007 and 69% in 2011, while the f-component was 22% in 2007 and 26% in 2011. The hypothesis was not accepted. The proportion of @entity0 with plaque code 3 (extensive coverage) was higher in 2011 (21.8%) than in age mates in 2007 (5.7%). CONCLUSIONS: There were no obvious signs that @entity1 had been increased in primary dentitions of this @entity0 population between 2007 and 2011. But as the mean @entity1 experience scores at the surface level were higher in 2011 than in 2007, monitoring @entity1 prevalence remains essential, but should start at an earlier age than that covered by this study. Health and educational authorities should collaborate in setting up programs aimed at ensuring good oral health for school @entity0 .

title: Caries experience in the primary dentition and presence of plaque in 7-year-old Chinese XXXX : A 4-year time-lag study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Various pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) techniques have been devised to minimize the rate of postoperative @entity5 (POPF) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). This study describes a modification of the mattress suture PJ technique, which we call "inverted mattress PJ (IM)". The results of an IM group and a historical consecutive control group were compared to determine how the IM technique affected POPF. METHODS: From 2003 to 2010, 186 consecutive @entity0 underwent PD. A former group of 52 consecutive @entity0 who underwent conventional @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was used as a historical control group. The IM technique was utilized for the IM group (134 @entity0 ). The clinicopathological features and surgical outcomes of the 2 groups were compared, with a particular focus on postoperative POPFs. RESULTS: The average surgery duration was shorter in the IM group (580.3 minutes vs. 471 minutes, P < 0.001). Grades B and C POPFs occurred less frequently in the IM group, but the difference was not statistically significant (17.3% vs. 9.7%, P = 0.200). However, no grade C POPF occurred in the IM group compared with 5.8% of grade C POPFs (3/52) in the @entity4 group (P = 0.020). Three @entity0 died (1 in the @entity4 group and 2 in the IM group). The causes of @entity1 were @entity3 in 2 cases and @entity2 in 1 case. POPF was not causally related to the 3 deaths. CONCLUSION: IM end-to-side PJ shortened operation time and increased safety with no incidence of grade C POPF.

title: The effects of the end-to-side inverted mattress XXXX : a single surgeon's experience.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Although grading of @entity2 is widely performed, the criteria for each grade are not well defined; as a result, pathologists tend to establish their own criteria without, however, assessing the actual predictive value of the criteria. In order to investigate this relationship, four gynecologic pathologists independently reviewed and carefully graded as benign, borderline or malignant (grade I, II or III) 40 "common" @entity1 of the ovary, without reference to clinical, prognostic or other findings. Intermediate grades were allowed. Subsequently, a subjective grading form was completed for each case; the form contained questions regarding the histologic and cytologic features. The sets of features with the biggest correlation with the @entity1 grades differed among the pathologists. This may indicate that the observers use different features in their grading processes. Moreover, the pathologist with the highest number (five) of significant microscopic features in the multivariate model had the lowest coefficient of correlation between his @entity1 grade and his feature set. The correlation coefficients for the other pathologists were quite similar, although the features used (no more than two or three) varied. The @entity0 in the study felt that the methodologic approach had an educational value for them. Further investigations are required to evaluate whether the differences in the underlying decision making process also result in @entity3 in @entity2 grading.

title: Grading XXXX . Evaluation of decision making by different pathologists.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity contributes to @entity1 formation that inhibits the repair path after @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We examined whether treatment with N-   (2-   chloroethyl)-   5Z,   8Z,   11Z,   14Z-   eicosatetraenamide (ACEA), a selective synthetic cannabinoid receptor ( @entity5 R) agonist, inhibits MMP and improves functional and histological recovery in a @entity0 spinal cord compression injury model. Injured @entity0 randomly received either intraperitoneal ACEA (3mg/kg/day) or vehicle for up to 3 weeks. Behavioral, histological and biochemical assays were performed. Rotarod assessment and the Basso @entity0 Scale score showed an improved performance following ACEA treatment concomitant with a decrease in compression lesion volume. @entity2 and @entity4 activity was measured at 1, 7 and 14 days post- @entity3 . @entity3 markedly increased @entity2 , but had negligible effect on @entity4 activity. ACEA-treatment decreased @entity2 activity by 80%, 49%, and 56%, respectively (P<0.05) and had a smaller effect on @entity4 activity. The @entity5 antagonist SR141716, but not the @entity6 antagonist SR144528, blocked ACEA-mediated decrease in @entity2 activity confirming the role of the @entity5 in the process. Collectively these data demonstrate that post-injury @entity5 agonism can improve @entity3 outcome and also indicate marked attenuation of @entity2 proteolytic enzyme activity as a biochemical mechanism.

title: XXXX cannabinoid receptor agonist inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity in @entity3 : A possible mechanism of improved recovery.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity contributes to @entity1 formation that inhibits the repair path after @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We examined whether treatment with N-   (2-   chloroethyl)-   5Z,   8Z,   11Z,   14Z-   eicosatetraenamide (ACEA), a selective synthetic cannabinoid receptor ( @entity5 R) agonist, inhibits MMP and improves functional and histological recovery in a @entity0 spinal cord compression injury model. Injured @entity0 randomly received either intraperitoneal ACEA (3mg/kg/day) or vehicle for up to 3 weeks. Behavioral, histological and biochemical assays were performed. Rotarod assessment and the Basso @entity0 Scale score showed an improved performance following ACEA treatment concomitant with a decrease in compression lesion volume. @entity2 and @entity4 activity was measured at 1, 7 and 14 days post- @entity3 . @entity3 markedly increased @entity2 , but had negligible effect on @entity4 activity. ACEA-treatment decreased @entity2 activity by 80%, 49%, and 56%, respectively (P<0.05) and had a smaller effect on @entity4 activity. The @entity5 antagonist SR141716, but not the @entity6 antagonist SR144528, blocked ACEA-mediated decrease in @entity2 activity confirming the role of the @entity5 in the process. Collectively these data demonstrate that post-injury @entity5 agonism can improve @entity3 outcome and also indicate marked attenuation of @entity2 proteolytic enzyme activity as a biochemical mechanism.

title: @entity5 cannabinoid receptor agonist inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity in XXXX : A possible mechanism of improved recovery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calpain, a @entity3 -dependent @entity4 protease, has been demonstrated to regulate osteoclastogenesis, which is considered one of the major reasons for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In the present study, @entity9 was applied in a @entity1 @entity5 model to determine whether it could reduce @entity5 through regulation of osteoclastogenesis activity. METHODS: A @entity1 @entity5 model was established with intratibial injection of Walker 256 cells. Then, the efficacy of intraperitoneal administered @entity9 III ( @entity8 , 1 mg/kg) on mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of bilateral hind paws was examined on postoperative days (PODs) 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14. On POD 14, the @entity9 's effect on @entity0 bone @entity6 -resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain and radiology was also carefully investigated. RESULTS: @entity2 behavioral tests in @entity1 showed that the @entity9 effectively attenuated MWTs of both the surgical side and contralateral side hind paws on POD 5, 8, and 11 (P < 0.05). TRAP-positive cell count of the surgical side bone was significantly decreased in the @entity9 group compared with the vehicle group (P < 0.05). However, bone resorption and destruction measured by radiographs showed no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 can effectively reduce @entity5 of both the surgical side and nonsurgical side after @entity0 injection in a @entity1 @entity5 model. It may be due to the inhibition of @entity7 -induced osteoclastogenesis. Whether a @entity9 could be a novel therapeutic target to treat @entity5 needs further investigation.

title: XXXX Reduces Cancer-induced Bone @entity2 Possibly Through Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis in @entity1 Cancer-induced Bone @entity2 Model.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calpain, a @entity3 -dependent @entity4 protease, has been demonstrated to regulate osteoclastogenesis, which is considered one of the major reasons for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In the present study, @entity9 was applied in a @entity1 @entity5 model to determine whether it could reduce @entity5 through regulation of osteoclastogenesis activity. METHODS: A @entity1 @entity5 model was established with intratibial injection of Walker 256 cells. Then, the efficacy of intraperitoneal administered @entity9 III ( @entity8 , 1 mg/kg) on mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of bilateral hind paws was examined on postoperative days (PODs) 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14. On POD 14, the @entity9 's effect on @entity0 bone @entity6 -resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain and radiology was also carefully investigated. RESULTS: @entity2 behavioral tests in @entity1 showed that the @entity9 effectively attenuated MWTs of both the surgical side and contralateral side hind paws on POD 5, 8, and 11 (P < 0.05). TRAP-positive cell count of the surgical side bone was significantly decreased in the @entity9 group compared with the vehicle group (P < 0.05). However, bone resorption and destruction measured by radiographs showed no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 can effectively reduce @entity5 of both the surgical side and nonsurgical side after @entity0 injection in a @entity1 @entity5 model. It may be due to the inhibition of @entity7 -induced osteoclastogenesis. Whether a @entity9 could be a novel therapeutic target to treat @entity5 needs further investigation.

title: @entity9 Reduces Cancer-induced Bone XXXX Possibly Through Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis in @entity1 Cancer-induced Bone @entity2 Model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calpain, a @entity3 -dependent @entity4 protease, has been demonstrated to regulate osteoclastogenesis, which is considered one of the major reasons for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In the present study, @entity9 was applied in a @entity1 @entity5 model to determine whether it could reduce @entity5 through regulation of osteoclastogenesis activity. METHODS: A @entity1 @entity5 model was established with intratibial injection of Walker 256 cells. Then, the efficacy of intraperitoneal administered @entity9 III ( @entity8 , 1 mg/kg) on mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of bilateral hind paws was examined on postoperative days (PODs) 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14. On POD 14, the @entity9 's effect on @entity0 bone @entity6 -resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain and radiology was also carefully investigated. RESULTS: @entity2 behavioral tests in @entity1 showed that the @entity9 effectively attenuated MWTs of both the surgical side and contralateral side hind paws on POD 5, 8, and 11 (P < 0.05). TRAP-positive cell count of the surgical side bone was significantly decreased in the @entity9 group compared with the vehicle group (P < 0.05). However, bone resorption and destruction measured by radiographs showed no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 can effectively reduce @entity5 of both the surgical side and nonsurgical side after @entity0 injection in a @entity1 @entity5 model. It may be due to the inhibition of @entity7 -induced osteoclastogenesis. Whether a @entity9 could be a novel therapeutic target to treat @entity5 needs further investigation.

title: @entity9 Reduces Cancer-induced Bone @entity2 Possibly Through Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis in @entity1 Cancer-induced Bone XXXX Model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calpain, a @entity3 -dependent @entity4 protease, has been demonstrated to regulate osteoclastogenesis, which is considered one of the major reasons for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In the present study, @entity9 was applied in a @entity1 @entity5 model to determine whether it could reduce @entity5 through regulation of osteoclastogenesis activity. METHODS: A @entity1 @entity5 model was established with intratibial injection of Walker 256 cells. Then, the efficacy of intraperitoneal administered @entity9 III ( @entity8 , 1 mg/kg) on mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of bilateral hind paws was examined on postoperative days (PODs) 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14. On POD 14, the @entity9 's effect on @entity0 bone @entity6 -resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain and radiology was also carefully investigated. RESULTS: @entity2 behavioral tests in @entity1 showed that the @entity9 effectively attenuated MWTs of both the surgical side and contralateral side hind paws on POD 5, 8, and 11 (P < 0.05). TRAP-positive cell count of the surgical side bone was significantly decreased in the @entity9 group compared with the vehicle group (P < 0.05). However, bone resorption and destruction measured by radiographs showed no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 can effectively reduce @entity5 of both the surgical side and nonsurgical side after @entity0 injection in a @entity1 @entity5 model. It may be due to the inhibition of @entity7 -induced osteoclastogenesis. Whether a @entity9 could be a novel therapeutic target to treat @entity5 needs further investigation.

title: @entity9 Reduces Cancer-induced Bone @entity2 Possibly Through Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis in XXXX Cancer-induced Bone @entity2 Model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study reviewed all cases reported of isolated @entity1 in the head and neck of pediatric @entity0 . The objective was to create a treatment algorithm to facilitate the diagnosis and management of these lesions. DATA SOURCES: Eligible articles were identified through a comprehensive search of the following electronic databases: PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library. REVIEW METHODS: Two authors independently reviewed the titles and abstracts retrieved by the electronic search concordant with the criteria for study eligibility. The lists of articles from each author were jointly reviewed and a common list created. All relevant articles were reviewed in hard copies and as full texts to justify inclusion. RESULTS: A total of 201 @entity0 (67% male, mean age: 8.1    4.3 years) were included from 45 studies. Clinical presentations included swelling (64%), @entity2 (9%), or both (18%). The skull (61%) and the orbit (24%) were the most common location for isolated @entity1 in the head and neck. The most frequently documented management option was resection, followed by observation, chemotherapy, and intralesional @entity3 injection. CONCLUSIONS: Due to its rarity and variability in presentation and severity, treatment of these lesions has yet to be standardized. Based on the review, a diagnosis and treatment algorithm was created for head and neck surgeons when encountering these types of lesions.

title: Isolated Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Bone Lesion in Pediatric XXXX : Systematic Review and Treatment Algorithm.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term outcomes of very late stent @entity2 (VLST) after implantation of drug-eluting stents (DES) are still unclear. The aim was to evaluate the long-term outcomes after VLST of DES, and to analyze the related factors of long-term outcomes in these @entity0 . METHODS: From January 2006 to February 2013, @entity0 with angiographically defined VLST were studied. The clinical characteristics, angiography and interventional data, and anti-platelet therapy protocols were analyzed. The @entity0 were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of major adverse @entity1 (MACE) during follow-up. The clinical and interventional data between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity0 were enrolled consisting of 55 males and 7 females with an average age of 58.6  10.2 (41-82) years. The mean time from first implantation of DES to occurrence of VLST was 38.7  18.1 (12.5-84) months. One @entity0 died in hospital. Sixty-one @entity0 survived to discharge, and MACE occurred in 17 @entity0 after a median follow-up of 32.1  19.1 (median: 44, range 5-88) months. The total MACE rate was 29.0% (18/62), and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the estimated MACE-free survival was 45.1%. The rate of implantation of an additional first-generation DES during the first VLST in the group with events was higher (44.4% vs.11.4%, respectively, p=0.007). The percentage of continuous dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) at the longest available follow-up was higher in the event-free group (27.8% vs. 75.0%, respectively, p=0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that the only independent predictors for freedom of MACE during long-term follow-up was continuous DAPT at the longest available follow-up [hazard ratio (HR)=0.30, 95% CI: 0.09-0.97, p=0.04]. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term outcomes after VLST were unfavorable. Implantation of an additional first-generation DES might be avoided, and DAPT should be continued.

title: Long-term outcomes following very late stent XXXX of drug-eluting stent.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 perforation is a life-threatening complication of this disease. However, little is known about the anatomopathological factors or pathophysiologic mechanisms involved.Pathological and immunohistochemical analysis of factors related with tumoral neo-angiogenesis, which could influence @entity1 perforation are assessed in this study. A retrospective study of @entity0 with perforated @entity4 (Group P) and T4a nonperforated (controls) was conducted between 2001 and 2010. Histological variables (differentiation, vascular invasion, and location) and immunohistochemical ( @entity6 , Growth Endothelial Vascular Factor ( @entity2 ) and @entity5 ) related with @entity1 angiogenesis were analyzed.Of 2189 @entity0 , 100 (4.56%) met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 49 @entity0 had nonperforated (2.23%) and 51 had perforated @entity1 (2.32%). The P group had lower number of right-sided @entity1 (7/51, 13.7%) compared with controls (13/49, 36.7%) (P=.01). The high-grade @entity1 (undifferentiated) represented only 3.9% of the perforated @entity1 ; the remaining 96.1% were well differentiated (P=.01). No differences between groups in the frequency of @entity5 mutation or @entity2 and @entity6 expression were found. In the P group, only 2 (3.9%) had vascular invasion (P=.01). Of the 12 @entity1 with vascular invasion, only 2 were perforated (16.6%). The median number of metastatic lymph-nodes in P Group was 0 versus 3 in controls (Z=-4.2; P<.01).Pathological analysis of variables that indirectly measure the presence of @entity1 angiogenesis (differentiation, vascular invasion, and the number of metastatic lymph nodes) shows a relationship between this and the perforation, location, and @entity1 differentiation. We could not directly validate our hypothesis, by immunohistochemistry of @entity5 , @entity2 , and @entity6 , that perforated @entity1 exhibit less angiogenesis.

title: Clinicopathological analysis of factors related to XXXX perforation: influence of angiogenesis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Mortality up to 1 January 1983 has been studied in 14,106 @entity0 with @entity6 given a single course of X-ray treatment during 1935-54. For @entity1 other than @entity7 or @entity3 , mortality was 28% greater than that of members of the general population of England and Wales, and this increase is likely to have been a direct consequence of the treatment. The proportional increase reached a maximum of 71% between 10.0 and 12.4 years after irradiation and then declined. There was only a 7% increase in mortality from these @entity1 more than 25.0 years after irradiation and only for @entity1 of the oesophagus was the relative risk significantly raised in this period. Neither the magnitude of the relative risk, nor its temporal pattern following treatment, were greatly influenced by the age of the @entity0 at first treatment. For @entity7 there was a threefold increase in mortality that is also likely to have been due to the radiotherapy. The relative risk was at its highest between 2.5 and 4.9 years after the treatment and then declined, but the increase did not disappear completely, and the risk was still nearly twice that of the general population more than 25.0 years after treatment. There was some evidence that the risks of acute myeloid, acute lymphatic, and @entity8 were all increased, but no evidence of any @entity4 . The relative risk appeared to be greatest for @entity9 . For @entity3 , which is associated with @entity5 through a common association with @entity2 , mortality was increased by 30%. For non-neoplastic conditions there was a 51% increase in mortality that was likely to be associated with the disease itself rather than its treatment. The increase was apparent for a wide range of diseases and was not confined to diseases that have been associated clinically with @entity6 .

title: Long term mortality after a single treatment course with X-rays in @entity0 treated for XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Mortality up to 1 January 1983 has been studied in 14,106 @entity0 with @entity6 given a single course of X-ray treatment during 1935-54. For @entity1 other than @entity7 or @entity3 , mortality was 28% greater than that of members of the general population of England and Wales, and this increase is likely to have been a direct consequence of the treatment. The proportional increase reached a maximum of 71% between 10.0 and 12.4 years after irradiation and then declined. There was only a 7% increase in mortality from these @entity1 more than 25.0 years after irradiation and only for @entity1 of the oesophagus was the relative risk significantly raised in this period. Neither the magnitude of the relative risk, nor its temporal pattern following treatment, were greatly influenced by the age of the @entity0 at first treatment. For @entity7 there was a threefold increase in mortality that is also likely to have been due to the radiotherapy. The relative risk was at its highest between 2.5 and 4.9 years after the treatment and then declined, but the increase did not disappear completely, and the risk was still nearly twice that of the general population more than 25.0 years after treatment. There was some evidence that the risks of acute myeloid, acute lymphatic, and @entity8 were all increased, but no evidence of any @entity4 . The relative risk appeared to be greatest for @entity9 . For @entity3 , which is associated with @entity5 through a common association with @entity2 , mortality was increased by 30%. For non-neoplastic conditions there was a 51% increase in mortality that was likely to be associated with the disease itself rather than its treatment. The increase was apparent for a wide range of diseases and was not confined to diseases that have been associated clinically with @entity6 .

title: Long term mortality after a single treatment course with X-rays in XXXX treated for @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a consensus clinical guideline for management of @entity3 associated with Sj  gren disease by evaluating published treatments and recommending management options. DESIGN: Consensus panel evaluation of reported treatments for @entity3 . METHODS: Using the 2007 Report of the International Workshop on @entity2 (DEWS) as a starting point, a panel of eye care providers and consultants evaluated peer-reviewed publications and developed recommendations for evaluation and management of @entity3 associated with Sj  gren disease. Publications were graded according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Pattern guidelines for level of evidence. Strength of recommendation was according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. RESULTS: The recommendations of the panel are briefly summarized herein. Evaluation should include symptoms of both discomfort and visual disturbance as well as determination of the relative contribution of @entity4 and evaporative loss of tear volume. Objective parameters of tear film stability, tear osmolarity, degree of lid margin disease, and ocular surface damage should be used to stage severity of @entity3 to assist in selecting appropriate treatment options. @entity0 education with regard to the nature of the problem, aggravating factors, and goals of treatment is critical to successful management. Tear supplementation and stabilization, control of @entity1 of the lacrimal glands and ocular surface, and possible stimulation of tear production are treatment options that are used according to the character and severity of @entity3 . SUMMARY: Management guidelines for @entity2 associated with Sj  gren's disease are presented.

title: Clinical Guidelines for Management of XXXX Associated with Sj  gren Disease.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 with @entity4 are at risk for @entity2 and amputation. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products is increased and predictive for coronary and cerebrovascular events in several high cardiovascular risk groups. We hypothesized that accumulation of tissue advanced glycation end products, measured by @entity3 ( @entity3 ), predicts amputation in @entity0 with @entity4 . APPROACH AND RESULTS: Between October 2007 and June 2008, 252 @entity0 with @entity4 were included at the outpatient clinic. During a 5-year follow-up, 22 (9%) had an amputation because of @entity2 . Competing risk analysis showed a subproportional hazard ratio of 3.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.87-4.96); P<0.0001 for amputation per unit of @entity3 . After correction for @entity1 and Fontaine stage, subproportional hazard ratio was 2.72 (95% CI, 1.38-5.39); P=0.004. In @entity0 with Fontaine stage I and II only (n=215), @entity3 was the only predictor for amputation, subproportional hazard ratio, 4.05 (95% CI, 2.09-7.83); P<0.0001. Fontaine stage multiplied by @entity3 resulted in a significant increase of the area under the curve for prediction of amputation when compared with Fontaine stage only: area under the curve increased from 0.74 (95% CI, 0.63-0.86) to 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74-0.92); P=0.003. CONCLUSIONS: Skin autofluorescence, as a measure of tissue advanced glycation end products deposition, predicts amputation in @entity0 with @entity4 during a 5-year follow-up, independent from the presence of @entity1 and Fontaine stage. Even at lower Fontaine stage (I or II), @entity3 is a strong predictor of amputation. The multiplication of Fontaine stage by @entity3 results in a good prediction model of amputation.

title: Skin Autofluorescence as a Measure of Advanced Glycation End Products Deposition Predicts 5-Year Amputation in @entity0 With XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 with @entity4 are at risk for @entity2 and amputation. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products is increased and predictive for coronary and cerebrovascular events in several high cardiovascular risk groups. We hypothesized that accumulation of tissue advanced glycation end products, measured by @entity3 ( @entity3 ), predicts amputation in @entity0 with @entity4 . APPROACH AND RESULTS: Between October 2007 and June 2008, 252 @entity0 with @entity4 were included at the outpatient clinic. During a 5-year follow-up, 22 (9%) had an amputation because of @entity2 . Competing risk analysis showed a subproportional hazard ratio of 3.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.87-4.96); P<0.0001 for amputation per unit of @entity3 . After correction for @entity1 and Fontaine stage, subproportional hazard ratio was 2.72 (95% CI, 1.38-5.39); P=0.004. In @entity0 with Fontaine stage I and II only (n=215), @entity3 was the only predictor for amputation, subproportional hazard ratio, 4.05 (95% CI, 2.09-7.83); P<0.0001. Fontaine stage multiplied by @entity3 resulted in a significant increase of the area under the curve for prediction of amputation when compared with Fontaine stage only: area under the curve increased from 0.74 (95% CI, 0.63-0.86) to 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74-0.92); P=0.003. CONCLUSIONS: Skin autofluorescence, as a measure of tissue advanced glycation end products deposition, predicts amputation in @entity0 with @entity4 during a 5-year follow-up, independent from the presence of @entity1 and Fontaine stage. Even at lower Fontaine stage (I or II), @entity3 is a strong predictor of amputation. The multiplication of Fontaine stage by @entity3 results in a good prediction model of amputation.

title: Skin Autofluorescence as a Measure of Advanced Glycation End Products Deposition Predicts 5-Year Amputation in XXXX With @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of our study was to highlight the epidemiological difference in adult @entity5 between males and females. The type of pathologies found in adult victims of @entity5 was compared to control cases in order to determine the most significant pathologies involved in @entity5 . Among all autopsies performed between 1995 and 2009, 534 adult cases of @entity5 and 154 cases who violently died were respectively selected. For each case, a complete autopsy was carried out, including systematic histological examination of all major organs. The @entity5 was composed of 369 males and 165 females. There was no statistical difference regarding age between males and female. @entity5 took place more often at home in @entity0 than in @entity0 (p  <  0.0001). A stressful event was more frequently found in @entity0 than in @entity0 (p  =  0.03). @entity2 caused by @entity1 were more frequent in males than in females, especially @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (p  <  0.0001). @entity3 was more often the cause of @entity2 in @entity0 , particularly @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Cardiac pathologies were found in 45% of the control cases. @entity4 and @entity6 were statistically more frequent in the @entity5 group than in the control group. According to our study, profile of @entity5 is different between males and females. Those data seem to be important for clinicians involved in prevention programs of @entity5 , as they can adapt their screening according to the gender.

title: Sudden adult XXXX : An autopsy series of 534 cases with gender and control comparison.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early childhood environmental exposures, possibly @entity3 , may be responsible for triggering islet autoimmunity and progression to @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The Environmental Determinants of @entity1 in the Young (TEDDY) follows @entity0 with increased HLA-related genetic risk for future @entity6 . TEDDY asks parents to prospectively record the @entity0 's @entity3 using a diary book. The present paper shows how these large amounts of partially structured data were reduced into quantitative data-sets and further categorized into system-specific @entity2 . The numbers and frequencies of @entity5 and @entity2 episodes are shown. METHODS: Study subjects (n   =   3463) included @entity0 who had attended study visits every three months from age 3  months to 4  years, without missing two or more consecutive visits during the follow-up. Parents recorded illnesses prospectively in a TEDDY Book at home. The data were entered into the study database during study visits using ICD-10 codes by a research nurse. TEDDY investigators grouped ICD-10 codes and fever reports into @entity2 entities and further arranged them into four main categories of @entity2 episodes: respiratory, gastrointestinal, other, and unknown febrile episodes. Incidence rate of @entity3 was modeled as function of gender, HLA-DQ genetic risk group and study center using the Poisson regression. RESULTS: A total of 113,884 ICD-10 code reports for @entity2 recorded in the database were reduced to 71,578 @entity2 episodes, including 74.0% respiratory, 13.1% gastrointestinal, 5.7% other @entity2 episodes and 7.2% febrile episodes. Respiratory and @entity4 episodes were more frequent during winter. @entity2 peaked at 6  months and began declining after 18  months of age. The overall @entity2 episode rate was 5.2 episodes per @entity0 -year and varied significantly by country of residence, sex and HLA genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The data reduction and categorization process developed by TEDDY enables analysis of single @entity2 agents as well as larger arrays of @entity2 agents or clinical disease entities. The preliminary descriptive analyses of the incidence of @entity3 among TEDDY @entity0 younger than 4  years fits well with general knowledge of @entity2 . This protocol can be used as a template in forthcoming time-dependent TEDDY analyses and in other epidemiological studies.

title: A method for reporting and classifying XXXX in a prospective study of young @entity0 : TEDDY.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early childhood environmental exposures, possibly @entity3 , may be responsible for triggering islet autoimmunity and progression to @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The Environmental Determinants of @entity1 in the Young (TEDDY) follows @entity0 with increased HLA-related genetic risk for future @entity6 . TEDDY asks parents to prospectively record the @entity0 's @entity3 using a diary book. The present paper shows how these large amounts of partially structured data were reduced into quantitative data-sets and further categorized into system-specific @entity2 . The numbers and frequencies of @entity5 and @entity2 episodes are shown. METHODS: Study subjects (n   =   3463) included @entity0 who had attended study visits every three months from age 3  months to 4  years, without missing two or more consecutive visits during the follow-up. Parents recorded illnesses prospectively in a TEDDY Book at home. The data were entered into the study database during study visits using ICD-10 codes by a research nurse. TEDDY investigators grouped ICD-10 codes and fever reports into @entity2 entities and further arranged them into four main categories of @entity2 episodes: respiratory, gastrointestinal, other, and unknown febrile episodes. Incidence rate of @entity3 was modeled as function of gender, HLA-DQ genetic risk group and study center using the Poisson regression. RESULTS: A total of 113,884 ICD-10 code reports for @entity2 recorded in the database were reduced to 71,578 @entity2 episodes, including 74.0% respiratory, 13.1% gastrointestinal, 5.7% other @entity2 episodes and 7.2% febrile episodes. Respiratory and @entity4 episodes were more frequent during winter. @entity2 peaked at 6  months and began declining after 18  months of age. The overall @entity2 episode rate was 5.2 episodes per @entity0 -year and varied significantly by country of residence, sex and HLA genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The data reduction and categorization process developed by TEDDY enables analysis of single @entity2 agents as well as larger arrays of @entity2 agents or clinical disease entities. The preliminary descriptive analyses of the incidence of @entity3 among TEDDY @entity0 younger than 4  years fits well with general knowledge of @entity2 . This protocol can be used as a template in forthcoming time-dependent TEDDY analyses and in other epidemiological studies.

title: A method for reporting and classifying @entity5 in a prospective study of young XXXX : TEDDY.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: To report a thicker choroid and larger choroidal luminal area in an eye with @entity4 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating an increase in the @entity3 in a case of @entity4 . In addition, we report the changing appearance of @entity2 over a 16-year period. CASE PRESENTATION: A 27-year-old @entity0 , who was diagnosed with @entity4 at age 11  years, visited our clinic. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/12.5 in the right eye and light perception in the left eye. Severely dilated, tortuous vascular loops were distributed from the optic disc over all four quadrants of the left fundus. The vascular loops in some areas were more dilated and tortuous than 16  years earlier. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed @entity1 with @entity3 in the left eye. The subfoveal choroidal thickness was manually measured by the caliper function in the enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT) images. Binarization of the EDI-OCT images was performed with publicly accessible ImageJ software. The examined area of the subfoveal choroid was 1,500   m wide, and the dark areas representing the luminal areas were traced by the Niblack method. After determining the distance of each pixel, the luminal area was automatically calculated. The subfoveal choroidal thickness was 250   m in the right eye and 462   m in the left eye. The luminal area of the 1,500- m-wide subfoveal choroid was computed to be 307,165.6   m(2) in the right eye and 545,780.7   m(2) in the left eye. CONCLUSIONS: The EDI-OCT images showed a thicker choroid, and binarization of the EDI-OCT images showed that the luminal areas were significantly larger in the affected eye, suggesting a dilatation of the choroidal vessels. The results demonstrated that conversion of EDI-OCT images to binary images was a useful method to quantify the @entity3 .

title: Binarization of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomographic images of an eye with XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity12 ( @entity12 ) is a highly aggressive @entity2 of skin with neuroendocrine differentiation. Primary @entity12 of the oral mucosa is exceedingly rare and even more unresponsive to therapy. A 15-year-old male presents with gradually increasing @entity1 in right side of the @entity6 for 6 weeks. Computed tomography of head and neck region showed globular mass (4.6 cm * 1.7 cm) involving right side of the @entity6 . Fine-needle aspiration from the upper deep cervical node suggested small round cell @entity2 . A trucut biopsy showed mass composed of trabeculae and nests of @entity2 cells with high N:C ratio, granular speckled chromatin, scanty to moderate amount of clear vacuolated cytoplasm. Cells were immunoreactive for @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity11 and negative for @entity13 , @entity16 , @entity15 , @entity14 , @entity10 . @entity0 was started on chemotherapy with @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity5 . The mass regressed in size and @entity0 underwent wide local excision with pull-through approach. @entity0 is currently under combined chemoradiation regime and doing well.

title: XXXX of the oral mucosa in a young adult male: Report of a rare case.

answer: @entity12


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dexamethasone intravitreal implant ( @entity4 implant) is a sustained-release biodegradable implant approved for treatment of @entity1 associated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The safety and efficacy of treatment of @entity3 -associated @entity1 with sequential @entity4 implants in clinical practice was evaluated in @entity0 who received @entity4 implant as monotherapy compared with @entity0 who received @entity4 implant in combination with other @entity3 treatments. METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective, open-label chart review study (one study eye/ @entity0 ) evaluated use of @entity4 implant and outcomes in 289 @entity0 with branch or central @entity3 who received at least 2 @entity4 implant treatments in the study eye. Data were collected from the time of the first implant (baseline) to 3-6 months after the last implant. Subgroup analysis evaluated outcomes in @entity0 receiving only @entity4 implant during the study versus @entity0 receiving @entity4 implant plus adjunctive @entity3 treatments. Endpoints included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) change from baseline. RESULTS: @entity4 implant was used as monotherapy in 84 (29.1%) @entity0 and in combination with other therapy in 205 (70.9%) @entity0 . Mean number of @entity4 implant treatments received was 3.1 in the monotherapy group and 3.3 in the combination therapy group (P   =   0.344). Mean time between implants was longer in the combination therapy group (177 vs. 151  days, P   <   0.001). Mean change from baseline BCVA after the first through sixth @entity4 implants ranged from +0.6 to +3.4 lines in the monotherapy group and +1.3 to +2.8 lines in the combination therapy group. Mean decrease from baseline CRT ranged from 165 to 230   m in the monotherapy group and 136 to 175   m in the combination therapy group. @entity2 was more common in the combination therapy group. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity3 -associated @entity1 with at least 2 sequential @entity4 implants was safe and effective both when used alone and when combined with other @entity3 treatments. Improvements in BCVA and CRT were generally similar in the monotherapy and combined therapy groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01411696 .

title: Two or more dexamethasone intravitreal implants as monotherapy or in combination therapy for XXXX in @entity3 : subgroup analysis of a retrospective chart review study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dexamethasone intravitreal implant ( @entity4 implant) is a sustained-release biodegradable implant approved for treatment of @entity1 associated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The safety and efficacy of treatment of @entity3 -associated @entity1 with sequential @entity4 implants in clinical practice was evaluated in @entity0 who received @entity4 implant as monotherapy compared with @entity0 who received @entity4 implant in combination with other @entity3 treatments. METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective, open-label chart review study (one study eye/ @entity0 ) evaluated use of @entity4 implant and outcomes in 289 @entity0 with branch or central @entity3 who received at least 2 @entity4 implant treatments in the study eye. Data were collected from the time of the first implant (baseline) to 3-6 months after the last implant. Subgroup analysis evaluated outcomes in @entity0 receiving only @entity4 implant during the study versus @entity0 receiving @entity4 implant plus adjunctive @entity3 treatments. Endpoints included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) change from baseline. RESULTS: @entity4 implant was used as monotherapy in 84 (29.1%) @entity0 and in combination with other therapy in 205 (70.9%) @entity0 . Mean number of @entity4 implant treatments received was 3.1 in the monotherapy group and 3.3 in the combination therapy group (P   =   0.344). Mean time between implants was longer in the combination therapy group (177 vs. 151  days, P   <   0.001). Mean change from baseline BCVA after the first through sixth @entity4 implants ranged from +0.6 to +3.4 lines in the monotherapy group and +1.3 to +2.8 lines in the combination therapy group. Mean decrease from baseline CRT ranged from 165 to 230   m in the monotherapy group and 136 to 175   m in the combination therapy group. @entity2 was more common in the combination therapy group. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity3 -associated @entity1 with at least 2 sequential @entity4 implants was safe and effective both when used alone and when combined with other @entity3 treatments. Improvements in BCVA and CRT were generally similar in the monotherapy and combined therapy groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01411696 .

title: Two or more dexamethasone intravitreal implants as monotherapy or in combination therapy for @entity1 in XXXX : subgroup analysis of a retrospective chart review study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: This study was to identify the safety and efficacy of adding epidural @entity6 receptor antagonists ( @entity7 ) to oral @entity5 for the treatment of post @entity4 -related @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity0 in the age range of 18-50 years with a diagnosis of @entity1 secondary to @entity4 were randomized into two equal groups. Group I received 0.2 mg/Kg of preservative-free @entity7 (2 ml) single bolus epidural injection and @entity5 300 mg three times daily. Group II received isotonic saline 0.9% (2 ml) single bolus epidural injection and @entity5 300 mg three times daily. @entity2 scores were evaluated pre-injection, 7, 15, 30,45 and 60 days post injection. @entity0 were asked about any side-effects occurred during follow-up period. RESULTS: At all time points examined, @entity2 scores were significantly lower in both groups than pre-injection values (P < 0.0001). @entity2 scores were significantly lower in Group I than in Group II at 7, 15, 30 days after injection (P 0.02, < 0.0001, =0.0001 respectively), but no statistically significant difference was detected between groups at 45, 60 days post injection (P = 0.54, =0.25), there was no statistically significant difference regarding incidence of side-effects in both groups. CONCLUSION: Epidurally administrated @entity7 seems to be a safe adjunct to @entity5 in post @entity4 -related @entity3 . However, its analgesic efficacy was limited to 30 days after injection.

title: Epidural @entity7 in post @entity4 -related XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: This study was to identify the safety and efficacy of adding epidural @entity6 receptor antagonists ( @entity7 ) to oral @entity5 for the treatment of post @entity4 -related @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity0 in the age range of 18-50 years with a diagnosis of @entity1 secondary to @entity4 were randomized into two equal groups. Group I received 0.2 mg/Kg of preservative-free @entity7 (2 ml) single bolus epidural injection and @entity5 300 mg three times daily. Group II received isotonic saline 0.9% (2 ml) single bolus epidural injection and @entity5 300 mg three times daily. @entity2 scores were evaluated pre-injection, 7, 15, 30,45 and 60 days post injection. @entity0 were asked about any side-effects occurred during follow-up period. RESULTS: At all time points examined, @entity2 scores were significantly lower in both groups than pre-injection values (P < 0.0001). @entity2 scores were significantly lower in Group I than in Group II at 7, 15, 30 days after injection (P 0.02, < 0.0001, =0.0001 respectively), but no statistically significant difference was detected between groups at 45, 60 days post injection (P = 0.54, =0.25), there was no statistically significant difference regarding incidence of side-effects in both groups. CONCLUSION: Epidurally administrated @entity7 seems to be a safe adjunct to @entity5 in post @entity4 -related @entity3 . However, its analgesic efficacy was limited to 30 days after injection.

title: Epidural XXXX in post @entity4 -related @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: AIM: This study was to identify the safety and efficacy of adding epidural @entity6 receptor antagonists ( @entity7 ) to oral @entity5 for the treatment of post @entity4 -related @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity0 in the age range of 18-50 years with a diagnosis of @entity1 secondary to @entity4 were randomized into two equal groups. Group I received 0.2 mg/Kg of preservative-free @entity7 (2 ml) single bolus epidural injection and @entity5 300 mg three times daily. Group II received isotonic saline 0.9% (2 ml) single bolus epidural injection and @entity5 300 mg three times daily. @entity2 scores were evaluated pre-injection, 7, 15, 30,45 and 60 days post injection. @entity0 were asked about any side-effects occurred during follow-up period. RESULTS: At all time points examined, @entity2 scores were significantly lower in both groups than pre-injection values (P < 0.0001). @entity2 scores were significantly lower in Group I than in Group II at 7, 15, 30 days after injection (P 0.02, < 0.0001, =0.0001 respectively), but no statistically significant difference was detected between groups at 45, 60 days post injection (P = 0.54, =0.25), there was no statistically significant difference regarding incidence of side-effects in both groups. CONCLUSION: Epidurally administrated @entity7 seems to be a safe adjunct to @entity5 in post @entity4 -related @entity3 . However, its analgesic efficacy was limited to 30 days after injection.

title: Epidural @entity7 in post XXXX -related @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that significant hematologic improvement occurs in the majority of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) treated with partially purified or recombinant interferon (IFN). Fifty-three @entity0 received IFN alfa-2b for at least 3 months in a dose of 2 X 10(6) U/m2 subcutaneously thrice weekly. Of the 49 @entity0 evaluable for response (at least 6 months of IFN therapy), there were ten complete responses and 29 partial responses for a total response rate of 80%. The peripheral blood counts and bone marrow continued to improve over the course of a full year of therapy. IFN was well tolerated, with no @entity0 discontinuing therapy because of @entity1 . Transient myelosuppression occurred in most @entity0 during the first 1 to 2 months of therapy, occasionally precipitating a transfusion requirement. After IFN treatment was discontinued, there was a marked decrease in normal marrow elements and a relative increase in marrow hairy cells. This was associated with a transient increase in normal elements in the peripheral blood. Only one of 24 @entity0 followed after receiving IFN for a median of 8.5 months (range, 3 to 16 months) has required further therapy. We conclude that low-dose IFN alfa-2b is highly effective in advanced @entity2 ; responding @entity0 should be treated for at least 1 year. The decision to initiate a second course of IFN therapy should be based primarily on peripheral blood counts and the clinical status of the @entity0 rather than on the bone marrow.

title: Durability of responses to interferon alfa-2b in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatic portal venous gas associated with @entity11 is indicative of a serious pathology that leads to @entity1 and it has a high mortality rate. Although @entity11 is acknowledged as a condition that requires early surgical treatment, it has been reported that @entity1 and surgical resection of the @entity2 may be avoided if the condition is identified quickly and the cause is detected at an early phase. However, no reports or guidelines have been published that describe the management of @entity0 in whom @entity1 and surgical treatment were avoided. We report the case of a @entity0 who presented with @entity11 who was managed with non-resectional treatment at an early phase and had a delayed small-bowel stricture. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24-year-old @entity0 presented to the hospital with @entity4 , @entity8 , and @entity7 . Abdominal computed tomography confirmed a diffuse gaseous distention with small-bowel @entity13 and @entity3 . An urgent laparotomy was performed, because @entity6 associated with @entity5 and @entity1 was strongly suspected. Although we found @entity9 and a perforated appendix at the time of surgery, gangrenous and transmural ischemic changes were not evident in the small bowel and colon. We performed an appendectomy without a bowel resection, and the @entity0 was discharged on an oral diet. However, he was re-admitted to hospital, because 4  days after discharge he developed postoperative @entity12 . Non-operative management was chosen, but his symptoms did not improve. We decided to perform a laparotomy 40  days after the initial operation, and a considerable adhesion was detected. Therefore, only a synechotomy was performed. On day 57, he experienced symptoms that were associated with @entity10 . On day 59, a partial resection of the jejunum was performed. Severe luminal strictures were apparent within the jejunum, and marked structural changes were evident. CONCLUSION: While non-surgical management can be chosen for selected @entity0 with @entity11 , continuous observation to evaluate the development of delayed strictures that lead to @entity10 is required in @entity0 who undergo non-resectional treatment.

title: Delayed intestinal stricture following non-resectional treatment for @entity11 associated with XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatic portal venous gas associated with @entity11 is indicative of a serious pathology that leads to @entity1 and it has a high mortality rate. Although @entity11 is acknowledged as a condition that requires early surgical treatment, it has been reported that @entity1 and surgical resection of the @entity2 may be avoided if the condition is identified quickly and the cause is detected at an early phase. However, no reports or guidelines have been published that describe the management of @entity0 in whom @entity1 and surgical treatment were avoided. We report the case of a @entity0 who presented with @entity11 who was managed with non-resectional treatment at an early phase and had a delayed small-bowel stricture. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24-year-old @entity0 presented to the hospital with @entity4 , @entity8 , and @entity7 . Abdominal computed tomography confirmed a diffuse gaseous distention with small-bowel @entity13 and @entity3 . An urgent laparotomy was performed, because @entity6 associated with @entity5 and @entity1 was strongly suspected. Although we found @entity9 and a perforated appendix at the time of surgery, gangrenous and transmural ischemic changes were not evident in the small bowel and colon. We performed an appendectomy without a bowel resection, and the @entity0 was discharged on an oral diet. However, he was re-admitted to hospital, because 4  days after discharge he developed postoperative @entity12 . Non-operative management was chosen, but his symptoms did not improve. We decided to perform a laparotomy 40  days after the initial operation, and a considerable adhesion was detected. Therefore, only a synechotomy was performed. On day 57, he experienced symptoms that were associated with @entity10 . On day 59, a partial resection of the jejunum was performed. Severe luminal strictures were apparent within the jejunum, and marked structural changes were evident. CONCLUSION: While non-surgical management can be chosen for selected @entity0 with @entity11 , continuous observation to evaluate the development of delayed strictures that lead to @entity10 is required in @entity0 who undergo non-resectional treatment.

title: Delayed intestinal stricture following non-resectional treatment for XXXX associated with @entity3 : a case report.

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: The recurrence rate of periocular @entity1 (PNBCC) following treatment with imiquimod (IMQ) has not yet been established. Previous studies did not include histological follow-up. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of topical immunotherapy with 5% IMQ cream for the treatment of PNBCC. METHODS: Study design: A prospective, non-randomized, and uncontrolled longitudinal case series study. No @entity0 were blinded. Punch biopsy confirmed PNBCC @entity0 were included at the Ophthalmology Clinic of S  o Paulo University Medicine School Hospital (from 2008 to 2012). @entity0 were treated with 5% IMQ cream once a day, 5  days per week, for 8-16 weeks. Standard lesion photographic documentation was done during the study. Three months after treatment ended, an image-guided biopsy was performed. @entity0 were followed at 6-month intervals and annually for control biopsies. Main outcome measures were clinical and histological clearance rates. Data were analysed by frequency distribution for qualitative group characteristics and central tendency measures for quantitative data. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity0 met the inclusion criteria, 19 of whom remained until the end of treatment. The histological clearance rate was 89.5% and 84.2%, respectively, at 3 and 39.5  months. The 3-year histological clearance rate was 81.8% (9/11) for lesions >10  mm, and 100% (8/8) for lesions <10  mm. Three @entity0 did not tolerate the side effects of the medication and left the study. Two @entity0 were excluded for treatment interruption related to comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that 5% IMQ cream was a useful alternative treatment for NBBCC, especially for lesions <10  mm. IMQ also showed a significant neoadjuvant effect on lesions >10  mm. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov Registration Dec 3, 2008: # NCT 00803907 .

title: Imiquimod cream efficacy in the treatment of periocular XXXX : a non-randomized trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Axillary brachial plexus block for below elbow orthopedic surgery provides a safe and low-cost technique with the advantage of prolonged postoperative @entity4 . @entity5 , with selective partial agonist activity on a2 adrenergic receptors, has significantly demonstrated its role in this regard as an adjuvant to local anesthetics. The current study compares the locally administered @entity5 with systemically administered control group in terms of onset and duration of @entity3 , motor block, and @entity4 ; hemodynamic variability; sedation; and other side effect profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy @entity0 (ASA I or II) scheduled for below elbow orthopedic surgeries were randomly allocated in equal numbers to receive either 30 ml of 0.5% plain @entity6 with 150  g (1 ml) of inj. @entity5 locally in the axillary sheath and 1 ml of normal saline (NS) subcutaneously (Group L) or 30 ml of 0.5% plain @entity6 with 1 ml of NS locally and 150  g (1 ml) of inj. @entity5 subcutaneously (Group S). Standard monitoring of vital parameters was done. Duration of @entity7 , @entity4 , hemodynamic changes, and any adverse effects were observed and recorded for different duration up to 24 h. RESULTS: Duration of @entity3 (625    35 min), motor block (690    38 min), and @entity4 (930    45 min) was significantly longer in Group L than in Group S [ @entity3 (480    30 min), motor block (535    25 min), and @entity4 (720    30 min)] (P < 0.05). Significant alteration of heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure in Group S was observed compared to Group L (P < 0.05). Side effects like @entity1 and @entity2 were comparable, but highly significant sedation score (  (2) = 47.75 and 49.51 at 120 and 240 min, respectively; P < 0.01) was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Compared to systemic administration, local @entity5 as an adjuvant in axillary block resulted in significant prolongation of duration of sensory and motor blockade, and @entity4 without any hemodynamic alteration, probably by locally mediated mechanism of action.

title: XXXX as an adjuvant in axillary brachial plexus block for below elbow orthopedic surgeries: A comparison between local and systemic administration.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 )-oriented stepwise treatment under local anesthesia has been performed in the outpatient-ambulatory setting in @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). We retrospectively reviewed our preliminary experience of ambulatory @entity3 in @entity0 @entity1 scheduled to undergo NAT to evaluate the usefulness and feasibility of this method as a minimally invasive, stepwise treatment protocol. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 56 @entity1 with @entity0 without obvious nodal involvement who were scheduled to receive NAT before breast surgery. @entity3 was performed under local anesthesia in an ambulatory outpatient setting before the initiation of NAT. RESULTS: The average number of removed sentinel lymph nodes was 1.9. Identification of the sentinel node was possible in all cases, and macrometastasis was observed in six cases (10.7%). @entity4 was observed in five cases, while @entity2 cells were noted in six cases. There were no delays in the initiation of NAT as a result of complications of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrated the safety and feasibility of ambulatory @entity3 prior to NAT. Further studies are warranted to assess the strict indications, @entity1 satisfaction, and medical economics of this procedure.

title: Ambulatory sentinel lymph node biopsy preceding neoadjuvant therapy in @entity1 with operable XXXX : a preliminary study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 )-oriented stepwise treatment under local anesthesia has been performed in the outpatient-ambulatory setting in @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). We retrospectively reviewed our preliminary experience of ambulatory @entity3 in @entity0 @entity1 scheduled to undergo NAT to evaluate the usefulness and feasibility of this method as a minimally invasive, stepwise treatment protocol. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 56 @entity1 with @entity0 without obvious nodal involvement who were scheduled to receive NAT before breast surgery. @entity3 was performed under local anesthesia in an ambulatory outpatient setting before the initiation of NAT. RESULTS: The average number of removed sentinel lymph nodes was 1.9. Identification of the sentinel node was possible in all cases, and macrometastasis was observed in six cases (10.7%). @entity4 was observed in five cases, while @entity2 cells were noted in six cases. There were no delays in the initiation of NAT as a result of complications of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrated the safety and feasibility of ambulatory @entity3 prior to NAT. Further studies are warranted to assess the strict indications, @entity1 satisfaction, and medical economics of this procedure.

title: Ambulatory sentinel lymph node biopsy preceding neoadjuvant therapy in XXXX with operable @entity0 : a preliminary study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a home-based inspiratory muscle training (IMT) programme using multiple inspiratory muscle tests. METHOD: Sixty-eight @entity0 (37   M) with moderate to severe @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (Mean [SD], FEV1 36.1 [13.6]% pred.; FEV1/FVC 35.7 [11.2]%) were randomised into an experimental or control group and trained with a threshold loading device at intensity >30% maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) or <15% PImax, respectively, for 7 weeks. Thirty-nine @entity0 (23   M) completed the study. The following measures were assessed pre- and post-IMT: PImax, sniff inspiratory nasal pressure (SNIP), diaphragm contractility ( @entity6 ,tw), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), chronic @entity4 questionnaire (CRDQ), the hospital @entity1 and @entity2 scale (HADS) and the SF-36. Between-group changes were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: PImax and perception of well-being improved significantly post-IMT [p   =   0.04 and <0.05 in four domains, respectively]. This was not reflected in SNIP [p   =   0.7], @entity6 ,tw [p   =   0.8], @entity5 [p   =   0.9] or ISWT [p   =   0.5]. CONCLUSIONS: A seven-week, community-based IMT programme, with realistic use of health-care resources, improves PImax and perception of well-being but a different design may be required for improvement in other measures. Multiple tests provide a more comprehensive evaluation of changes in muscle function post-IMT. Implications for Rehabilitation A seven-week, home-based inspiratory muscle training programme improves maximal inspiratory pressure and perception of well-being in @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity3 but not sniff nasal inspiratory pressure or diaphragm contractility, @entity5 and exercise capacity. Multiple tests are recommended for a more comprehensive assessment of changes in muscle function following inspiratory muscle training programmes. Therapists need to explore different community-based inspiratory muscle training regimes for @entity3 @entity0 and identify the optimal exercise protocol that is likely to lead to improvements in diaphragm contractility and exercise capacity.

title: Evaluation of the effectiveness of a home-based inspiratory muscle training programme in @entity0 with XXXX using multiple inspiratory muscle tests.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a home-based inspiratory muscle training (IMT) programme using multiple inspiratory muscle tests. METHOD: Sixty-eight @entity0 (37   M) with moderate to severe @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (Mean [SD], FEV1 36.1 [13.6]% pred.; FEV1/FVC 35.7 [11.2]%) were randomised into an experimental or control group and trained with a threshold loading device at intensity >30% maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) or <15% PImax, respectively, for 7 weeks. Thirty-nine @entity0 (23   M) completed the study. The following measures were assessed pre- and post-IMT: PImax, sniff inspiratory nasal pressure (SNIP), diaphragm contractility ( @entity6 ,tw), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), chronic @entity4 questionnaire (CRDQ), the hospital @entity1 and @entity2 scale (HADS) and the SF-36. Between-group changes were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: PImax and perception of well-being improved significantly post-IMT [p   =   0.04 and <0.05 in four domains, respectively]. This was not reflected in SNIP [p   =   0.7], @entity6 ,tw [p   =   0.8], @entity5 [p   =   0.9] or ISWT [p   =   0.5]. CONCLUSIONS: A seven-week, community-based IMT programme, with realistic use of health-care resources, improves PImax and perception of well-being but a different design may be required for improvement in other measures. Multiple tests provide a more comprehensive evaluation of changes in muscle function post-IMT. Implications for Rehabilitation A seven-week, home-based inspiratory muscle training programme improves maximal inspiratory pressure and perception of well-being in @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity3 but not sniff nasal inspiratory pressure or diaphragm contractility, @entity5 and exercise capacity. Multiple tests are recommended for a more comprehensive assessment of changes in muscle function following inspiratory muscle training programmes. Therapists need to explore different community-based inspiratory muscle training regimes for @entity3 @entity0 and identify the optimal exercise protocol that is likely to lead to improvements in diaphragm contractility and exercise capacity.

title: Evaluation of the effectiveness of a home-based inspiratory muscle training programme in XXXX with @entity3 using multiple inspiratory muscle tests.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative evaluation of the axilla, an important prognostic determinant for @entity1 with @entity0 , is achieved by non- or minimally invasive methods to avoid the potential hazards of operative intervention. The aim of this study was to determine statistical power of axillary ultrasound (US) and US-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for evaluating axillary status. METHODS: Axillary lymph nodes were imaged for malignant involvement by high resolution US in 93 @entity0 @entity1 with clinically negative axilla. Cytological samples were obtained by US-guided FNAC from image-suspicious lymph nodes. Cytology-positive @entity1 directly underwent @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity1 with US and/or cytology-negative axilla underwent @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Using statistical analysis, US findings and US combined with FNAC were compared with @entity3 and final pathology to measure performance. RESULTS: US was suspicious for @entity2 in 38 @entity1 (41%), of whom 16 (42%) were cytology-positive. Axilla was positive in 36/93 @entity1 (38.7%). Sixteen @entity1 with positive FNAC directly underwent @entity3 . @entity3 and/or final pathology was positive in 13/55 @entity1 (23.7%) with negative US (false negative of US) and in 7/22 @entity1 (31.8%) with positive US but negative cytology (false negative of FNAC). @entity3 and/or final pathology was negative in 15/38 @entity1 (39.5%) with positive US (false positive of US). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value ( @entity4 ) and negative predictive value (NPV) of US alone were 63.8%, 73.6%, 69.8%, 60.5% and 76.3%, respectively, and 69.6%,100%, 81.6%, 100% and 68.1%, respectively, for US combined with FNAC. CONCLUSION: Statistical measures of the US alone did not achieve a satisfactory value for excluding operative biopsy. US-negative and US-positive but cytology-negative cases still require @entity3 for accurate evaluation of axillary status. On the other hand, US-guided positive cytology can obviate @entity3 proceeding directly to @entity3 and avoiding frozen section of sentinel node(s).

title: Preoperative assessment of the axilla by surgeon performed ultrasound and cytology in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative evaluation of the axilla, an important prognostic determinant for @entity1 with @entity0 , is achieved by non- or minimally invasive methods to avoid the potential hazards of operative intervention. The aim of this study was to determine statistical power of axillary ultrasound (US) and US-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for evaluating axillary status. METHODS: Axillary lymph nodes were imaged for malignant involvement by high resolution US in 93 @entity0 @entity1 with clinically negative axilla. Cytological samples were obtained by US-guided FNAC from image-suspicious lymph nodes. Cytology-positive @entity1 directly underwent @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity1 with US and/or cytology-negative axilla underwent @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Using statistical analysis, US findings and US combined with FNAC were compared with @entity3 and final pathology to measure performance. RESULTS: US was suspicious for @entity2 in 38 @entity1 (41%), of whom 16 (42%) were cytology-positive. Axilla was positive in 36/93 @entity1 (38.7%). Sixteen @entity1 with positive FNAC directly underwent @entity3 . @entity3 and/or final pathology was positive in 13/55 @entity1 (23.7%) with negative US (false negative of US) and in 7/22 @entity1 (31.8%) with positive US but negative cytology (false negative of FNAC). @entity3 and/or final pathology was negative in 15/38 @entity1 (39.5%) with positive US (false positive of US). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value ( @entity4 ) and negative predictive value (NPV) of US alone were 63.8%, 73.6%, 69.8%, 60.5% and 76.3%, respectively, and 69.6%,100%, 81.6%, 100% and 68.1%, respectively, for US combined with FNAC. CONCLUSION: Statistical measures of the US alone did not achieve a satisfactory value for excluding operative biopsy. US-negative and US-positive but cytology-negative cases still require @entity3 for accurate evaluation of axillary status. On the other hand, US-guided positive cytology can obviate @entity3 proceeding directly to @entity3 and avoiding frozen section of sentinel node(s).

title: Preoperative assessment of the axilla by surgeon performed ultrasound and cytology in XXXX with @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether ordered values of (sub)regional femorotibial cartilage thickness change are superior to region-based approaches in detecting risk factors for cartilage @entity1 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: 58 @entity0 with knee @entity2 had 3 Tesla MR images acquired at baseline and 24 months. Changes in cartilage thickness (   ThCtAB) were determined in eight medial femorotibial subregions. An ascending sort of individual    ThCtAB measurements was done to create "ordered values". Risk factors for @entity1 considered were: @entity3 ( @entity3 ), minimal (medial) joint space width (mJSW), and percent of medial tibial plateau covered by the meniscus (percent cover). All change metrics were tested for association with the risk factors using Kendall's    and relative sensitivity of multiple tests of subregions and ordered values were compared with single metrics of change from plate and compartment summaries and the first ordered value. RESULTS: The associations between subregion    ThCtAB and @entity3 (P=0.0002), mJSW (P=0.016), and age (P=0.011) were significant, but only @entity3 (at a=0.05) and age (at a=0.1) remained significant after adjusting for multiple subregions. In contrast, cMFTC had P-values<0.05 for @entity3 (P=0.0001), mJSW (P=0.016), and meniscus subluxation (0.04). The first ordered value had significant associations with @entity3 (P=0.0004), mJSW (P=0.003), meniscus subluxation (P=0.02) and percent cover (P=0.031) all of which were significant at a=0.05 after adjusting for tests on multiple risk factors. CONCLUSION: Ordered values of    ThCtAB were more sensitive in detecting risk factors of @entity1 than subregional    ThCtAB. Sensitivity was further enhanced by considering the minimum ordered value as a single test, thus not requiring adjustment for multiple tests. Using ordered values there was a significant association between    ThCtAB and baseline @entity3 , mJSW, meniscus subluxation and meniscus percent cover. This study provides an important step in validating ordered values of cartilage change.

title: Using ordered values of subregional cartilage thickness change increases sensitivity in detecting risk factors for XXXX progression.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Experts are accurate in differentiating small @entity1 from @entity2 at colonoscopy by using narrow-band imaging (NBI). OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of an NBI training module on individuals with varying colonoscopy experience. DESIGN: Prospective educational evaluation study. SETTING: Academic endoscopy unit. @entity0 : Twenty-one @entity0 of varying colonoscopy experience (novices, trainees, and experienced gastroenterologists) and 5 experts in NBI. INTERVENTION: @entity0 completed a computer-based test module consisting of 30 NBI polyp images. No feedback was given. They then completed a computer-based training module on the use of NBI in the differentiation of @entity1 and @entity2 . The test module was then completed a second time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Construct validity (the difference in baseline accuracy on the test module between different groups of @entity0 ) and content validity (difference in accuracy achieved on the test module before and after training) of the training module. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the baseline accuracy (P < .001) between experts (0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92-0.97), experienced colonoscopists (0.68; 95% CI, 0.68-0.74), trainees (0.75; 95% CI, 0.67-0.82), and novices (0.62; 95% CI, 0.46-0.77). Accuracy increased significantly (P < .001) for @entity3 groups after training (novices 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78-0.88, trainees 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84-0.93, and experienced colonoscopists 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76-0.89). After training, the agreement was moderate at least (k = 0.56 for novices, k = 0.70 for trainees, and k = 0.54 for experienced colonoscopists). LIMITATIONS: This study did not assess the accuracy of optical diagnosis in routine clinical practice. CONCLUSION: A short, computer-based training module can improve the diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement for the use of NBI to differentiate @entity1 from @entity2 and could be used for the initial training in optical diagnosis.

title: Development and validation of a training module on the use of narrow-band imaging in differentiation of small XXXX from @entity2 .

answer: @entity1