abstract: A subset of @entity1 shows significant accumulation of aberrant promoter methylation. Previously, we developed two groups of methylation markers that classified @entity1 into three epigenotypes: i) high-, ii) intermediate-, and iii) low-methylation epigenotypes. High-methylation epigenotype, with methylation of both group 1 and group 2 markers, correlates to @entity4 -mutation((+)). Intermediate-methylation epigenotype, with methylation of group 2 markers, but not group 1, correlates to @entity5 -mutation((+)). To gain insight into epigenotype development in @entity1 , especially intermediate-methylation epigenotype and its correlation to @entity5 -mutation((+)) in @entity3 , we analyzed methylation levels of group 1 and group 2 markers quantitatively by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, in 51 @entity3 , 13 aberrant crypt foci, and 26 normal mucosa samples, and we compared them to 149 previously analyzed @entity1 samples. Three serrated @entity3 were all @entity4 -mutation((+)), showing great methylation of group 1 and group 2 markers, thus high-methylation epigenotype. Forty-eight conventional @entity3 were not methylated in group 1 markers and were classified into two clusters with higher and lower methylation of group 2 markers, thus into intermediate- and low-methylation epigenotypes, respectively. @entity3 with intermediate-methylation epigenotype correlated to @entity5 -mutation((+)). Methylation levels of group 2 markers in @entity3 were higher than aberrant crypt foci and normal samples, but similar to @entity0 . These data suggested that epigenotype development occur at an earlier stage than @entity2 formation, and already be completed at the @entity3 stage. Intermediate methylation epigenotype and its correlation to @entity5 -mutation((+)) were developed in conventional @entity3 .

title: Intermediate methylation epigenotype and its correlation to XXXX mutation in conventional colorectal adenoma.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an uncommon variant of chronic @entity3 characterised by marked thickening of the gallbladder wall and dense local adhesions. Pre-operative and intra-operative diagnosis is difficult and it often mimics a @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is frequently unsuccessful with a high conversion rate. A series of @entity0 with this condition led us to review our experience with @entity5 and to try to develop a care pathway for its management. @entity0 AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of 1296 consecutive @entity0 who had undergone cholecystectomy between January 2000 and April 2005 at our hospital was performed. Twenty-nine cases of @entity5 were identified among these cholecystectomies. The clinical, radiological and operative details of these @entity0 have been analysed. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity5 was 2.2% in our study. The mean age at presentation was 60.3 years with a female:male ratio of 1.4:1. Twenty-three @entity0 (79%) required an emergency surgical admission at first presentation. In three @entity0 , a @entity1 was suspected both radiologically and at operation (10.3%), but was later disproved on histology. Seventeen @entity0 (59%) had @entity4 at first presentation and required an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) before LC. Of these, five had common bile duct stones. Abdominal ultrasound scan showed marked thickening of the gallbladder wall in 16 cases (55%). LC was attempted in 24 @entity0 , but required conversion to an open procedure in 11 @entity0 (46% conversion rate). A total cholecystectomy was possible in 18 @entity0 and a partial cholecystectomy was the choice in 11 (38%). The average operative time was 96 min. Three @entity0 developed a postoperative @entity2 , one of whom required ERCP and placement of a biliary stent. The average length of stay in the hospital was 6.3 days. CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity5 often mimics a @entity1 . Currently, a correct pre-operative diagnosis is rarely made. With increased awareness and a high index of suspicion, radiological diagnosis is possible. Preoperative counselling of these @entity0 should include possible intra-operative difficulties and the differential diagnosis of @entity1 . Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is frequently unsuccessful and a partial cholecystectomy is often the procedure of choice.

title: Perfidious gallbladders - a diagnostic dilemma with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity3 results from damage to the nerves passing through the superior orbital fissure. In the present case, the @entity3 developed after repair of @entity2 , although the symptoms were not observed before surgery and no obvious cause was found. To investigate the aetiology of this syndrome, we examined the superior orbital fissure anatomically. METHODS: We measured the width of superior orbital fissure on the horizontal plane including the optic canal using the computed tomography (CT) scans of other @entity0 and cadavers. RESULTS: The results indicated that the width was 3.73+/-1.64 mm in the CT scans of @entity0 and 3.21+/-1.09 mm in the cadavers. There was no significant difference between the width in the CT scans and cadavers. The width in the present @entity0 on the affected side was 1.6mm, that is relatively narrow. CONCLUSION: After operation, narrow superior orbital fissure may reduce the tolerance to compression of the nerves by @entity1 . We consider the narrow superior orbital fissure as a risk factor for @entity3 . When the superior orbital fissure is congenitally narrow, the surgeons should try to avoid excessive pulling of the bone fragment and compression of the orbital tissue during repair of the @entity2 .

title: XXXX after repair of maxillary and naso-orbito-ethmoid fractures: a case study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesangial deposition of IgA ( @entity8 ) is a very rare finding in @entity7 and has previously been considered a pure coincidence. In the U.S. and Europe only anecdotal case reports exist. To date, there has been no consensus on nomenclature and categorization of this entity. We describe 2 cases of @entity8 with analogue histological findings but relevant differences in clinical presentation, and we discuss the clinical implications of mesangial IgA deposition in minimal @entity6 . @entity0 : A 47-year-old female was admitted to hospital with @entity6 , microscopic @entity5 , arterial @entity2 and slight @entity1 3 weeks after an unspecific @entity4 . A 42-year-old male presented with @entity6 , microscopic @entity5 , normotension and normal renal function. Both of the @entity6 were steroid-responsive and @entity3 -dependent. FINDINGS: The clinical presentation of the male @entity0 was consistent with the features of @entity7 , whereas the female @entity0 combined signs of @entity7 and @entity1 . Light microscopy revealed mesangial IgA immune deposits and slight @entity9 . Electron microscopic studies of @entity8 @entity0 disclose diffuse effacement of glomerular foot processes. CONCLUSION: Our cases and a review of the literature indicate that the histological diagnosis of @entity8 may comprise different pathogenetic entities. From the clinical point of view, @entity8 has to be regarded as a minimal @entity6 with symptomatic or asymptomatic mesangial IgA deposition. IgA deposition constitutes a risk factor for @entity1 and indicates a frequently relapsing course.

title: Mesangial IgA deposition in minimal @entity6 : coincidence of different entities or variant of XXXX ?

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesangial deposition of IgA ( @entity8 ) is a very rare finding in @entity7 and has previously been considered a pure coincidence. In the U.S. and Europe only anecdotal case reports exist. To date, there has been no consensus on nomenclature and categorization of this entity. We describe 2 cases of @entity8 with analogue histological findings but relevant differences in clinical presentation, and we discuss the clinical implications of mesangial IgA deposition in minimal @entity6 . @entity0 : A 47-year-old female was admitted to hospital with @entity6 , microscopic @entity5 , arterial @entity2 and slight @entity1 3 weeks after an unspecific @entity4 . A 42-year-old male presented with @entity6 , microscopic @entity5 , normotension and normal renal function. Both of the @entity6 were steroid-responsive and @entity3 -dependent. FINDINGS: The clinical presentation of the male @entity0 was consistent with the features of @entity7 , whereas the female @entity0 combined signs of @entity7 and @entity1 . Light microscopy revealed mesangial IgA immune deposits and slight @entity9 . Electron microscopic studies of @entity8 @entity0 disclose diffuse effacement of glomerular foot processes. CONCLUSION: Our cases and a review of the literature indicate that the histological diagnosis of @entity8 may comprise different pathogenetic entities. From the clinical point of view, @entity8 has to be regarded as a minimal @entity6 with symptomatic or asymptomatic mesangial IgA deposition. IgA deposition constitutes a risk factor for @entity1 and indicates a frequently relapsing course.

title: Mesangial IgA deposition in minimal XXXX : coincidence of different entities or variant of @entity7 ?

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity4 as a complication of obstetric-gynecological operations occur in 0.37% of cases and are accompanied by formation of stricture or @entity4 , development of @entity5 . Roentgenoendoscopic technologies offer a new solution of the problem of restoration of ureteral passability and elimination of @entity3 . Roentgenoendoscopic treatment of @entity4 was made in 14 @entity0 : for obliteration of the lower third of the ureter in 5 cases, stricture of the lower third of the ureter in 9 cases, stricture in combination with @entity5 . The length of the injury varied from 0.2 to 1.5 cm (mean--0.6 cm). Two @entity0 have undergone optic buerginage of ureteral stricture followed by @entity2 , 7 @entity0 --optic endoureterotomy, 5--ureteral recanalization. Three @entity0 with @entity1 had one-stage @entity1 fulguration. The operations finished with internal stenting for 6-18 weeks. Normal urine passage recovered in 12 of 14 (85.7%) @entity0 . The @entity1 disappeared in 3 @entity0 . Thus, roentgenoendoscopic treatment of @entity4 after obstetric-gynecological surgery produce positive results in most cases and raises quality of the @entity0 ' life.

title: [Roentgenoendoscopic therapy of XXXX after obstetric-gynecological surgery].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of exenatide therapy on cardiometabolic risk factors and anthropometric parameters in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: From June 2005 to June 2007, we performed a retrospective analysis of data extracted from the records of adult @entity0 with @entity3 being treated with exenatide. Diagnosis of any type of @entity1 was exclusionary. @entity0 were initiated on exenatide therapy, 5 mcg, 1 hour before their morning and evening meals for the first month and were instructed to titrate up to 10 mcg. Cardiometabolic risk factors (total @entity2 , high-density lipoprotein @entity2 , @entity4 , calculated low-density lipoprotein @entity2 , and blood pressure) and anthropometric parameters (absolute body weight, body mass index, and abdominal girth) were measured at baseline and at 16 +/- 4 weeks after initiating exenatide therapy. Data collected also included age, sex, @entity3 diagnosis, and other concomitant medication used in the @entity6 . RESULTS: The study population consisted of 299 @entity0 (259 @entity0 , 40 @entity0 ) with an age range of 18 to 74 years. Exenatide treatment was associated with significant reductions in mean body weight (P<.001) and body mass index (P<.001). Weight loss in 76.6% of @entity0 was concomitant with a significant reduction in mean abdominal girth (P<.001). Further analysis revealed significant decreases in mean @entity4 (P<.001), total @entity2 (P<.01), and both systolic (P<.01) and diastolic blood pressure (P<.03). Approximately 60.2% of @entity0 used @entity5 concomitantly, and half either decreased or discontinued @entity5 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report examining the effect of exenatide on @entity0 with @entity3 . We observed a significant improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors and anthropometric parameters as a result of exenatide over the treatment interval.

title: Exenatide use in the management of XXXX : a retrospective database study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of the study was evaluation of erectile function (EF) recovery and effects of @entity2 inhibitor @entity3 in the treatment of erectile impairment one year after conduction of nerve-preserving retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP). Thirty @entity0 with intact EF before surgery who had RRP were divided into two groups. In 18 @entity0 of group I vasculonervous fascicles (VNF) were preserved on both sides. A unilateral nerve-preserving technique was used in 12 @entity0 of group 2. @entity3 administration was started 3 months after operation in the dose 20 mg. In group I partial erection was observed in 11 @entity0 , was absent in 33% (6 @entity0 ), a complete erection was in one (6%) @entity0 . Thus, 67% (12 @entity0 ) could maintain erection sufficient for coitus. Out of 12 @entity0 of group 2, a complete erection was achieved in none @entity0 , partial erection was observed in 5 (42%) @entity0 , erection did not occur in 7 (58%) @entity0 . Thus, EF is better in @entity0 with bilateral preservation of VNF than in unilateral one. Pharmacotherapy of @entity1 after nerve-preserving RRP is most effective. It is desirable to adhere to early postoperative policy in the treatment of EF. @entity2 inhibitors are rather effective if the @entity0 has a partial erection. They fail in the absence of spontaneous erections. Early therapy prevents subsequent progression of @entity1 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX after nerve-preserving radical retropubic prostatectomy].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The frequency and spectrum of chronic @entity3 in pediatric heart transplant recipients have not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to describe the chronic @entity3 in 126 consecutive pediatric heart transplant recipients. METHODS: Retrospective review of medical records. RESULTS: Between 1987 and 2005, 126 (64 males and 62 females) heart transplantations were performed at Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. The median age at transplantation was 7.4 years (range, 0.1-17) and the median length of follow-up was 6.8 years (range, 0-18.2). Twenty-four @entity0 have died, and 36 have been transferred to adult follow-up, leaving 66 under pediatric follow-up. @entity3 have been documented in 33 @entity0 (50%). @entity5 has been identified in 10 @entity0 , and 12 further @entity0 have had recurrent lower @entity4 (without @entity5 ) requiring long-term antibiotic prophylaxis. Of those with infectious complications, 81% underwent transplantation before 4 years and had deficiency of pneumococcal-specific antibody response. Obstructive sleep @entity1 has occurred in 5 @entity0 , sub-glottic stenosis has occurred in 3, and significant compression of the left main stem bronchus related to a disproportionately large donor heart has occurred in 2. One @entity0 had marked mosaic attenuation on chest computed tomography scan indicative of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: @entity3 are common in pediatric heart transplant recipients. The respiratory prognosis for this complex group of @entity0 is usually good, but long-term follow-up by both a respiratory pediatrician and an immunologist is frequently required.

title: XXXX in pediatric heart transplant recipients.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Decreases in length of stay (LOS) in hospital after @entity0 surgery can be partly attributed to the change to less radical surgery, but many other factors are operating at the @entity1 , surgeon and hospital levels. This study aimed to describe the changes in and predictors of length of stay (LOS) in hospital after surgery for @entity0 between 1997/98 and 2004/05 in two regions of England. METHODS: Cases of female invasive @entity0 diagnosed in two English @entity2 registry regions were linked to Hospital Episode Statistics data for the period 1st April 1997 to 31st March 2005. A subset of records where @entity1 underwent mastectomy or breast conserving surgery (BCS) was extracted (n = 44,877). Variations in LOS over the study period were investigated. A multilevel model with @entity1 clustered within surgical teams and NHS Trusts was used to examine associations between LOS and a range of factors. RESULTS: Over the study period the proportion of @entity1 having a mastectomy reduced from 58% to 52%. The proportion varied from 14% to 80% according to NHS Trust. LOS decreased by 21% from 1997/98 to 2004/05 (LOSratio = 0.79, 95%CI 0.77-0.80). BCS was associated with 33% shorter hospital stays compared to mastectomy (LOSratio = 0.67, 95%CI 0.66-0.68). Older age, advanced disease, presence of comorbidities, lymph node excision and reconstructive surgery were associated with increased LOS. Significant variation remained amongst Trusts and surgical teams. CONCLUSION: The number of days spent in hospital after @entity0 surgery has continued to decline for several decades. The change from mastectomy to BCS accounts for only 9% of the overall decrease in LOS. Other explanations include the adoption of new techniques and practices, such as sentinel lymph node biopsy and early discharge. This study has identified wide variation in practice with substantial cost implications for the NHS. Further work is required to explain this variation.

title: Changes in and predictors of length of stay in hospital after surgery for XXXX between 1997/98 and 2004/05 in two regions of England: a population-based study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although a significant correction of local @entity2 has been reported previously, only a few studies have investigated whether this correction leads to an improved overall sagittal alignment. The study objective was to determine whether an improvement in the local kyphotic angle improves the overall sagittal alignment. We examined and compared the effects of thoracic and lumbar level kyphoplasty procedures on local versus overall sagittal alignment of the spine. METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity0 with @entity3 who showed poor response to conventional, palliative medical therapy underwent single-level kyphoplasty. The pertinent clinical data of these @entity0 , from June 2006 to November 2006, were reviewed retrospectively. We measured preoperative and postoperative vertebral body heights, which were classified as anterior, middle, or @entity1 . Furthermore, the local and overall sagittal angles after polymethylmethacrylate deposition were measured. RESULTS: More height was gained at the thoracic level, and the middle vertebral height regained the most. A significant local @entity2 correction was observed at the fractured level, and the correction at larger spanning segments decreased with the distance from the fractured level. CONCLUSION: The inflatable balloon kyphoplasty procedure was the most effective in regaining the height of the @entity1 in the middle vertebral body. The @entity2 correction by kyphoplasty was mainly achieved in the fractured vertebral body. Sagittal angular correction decreased with an increase in the distance from the @entity1 . No significant improvement was observed in the overall sagittal alignment after kyphoplasty. Further studies in a larger population are required to clarify this issue.

title: Outcome and efficacy of height gain and sagittal alignment after kyphoplasty of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine the clinical effects of anterior radical debridement on a series of @entity0 with spontaneous @entity4 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 32 @entity0 who underwent surgical treatment from January 2000 to December 2005 in our department. The average follow-up Period was 33.4 months (range, 6 to 87 months). Thirty-two @entity0 presented with the following : 23 cases with @entity8 , eight with @entity8 and one with @entity8 . The indications for surgery were intractable @entity3 , failure of medical management, @entity2 with or without an associated @entity6 causing spinal instability and/or segmental @entity9 . RESULTS: The study included 15 (46.9%) males and 17 (53.1%) females ranging in age from 26 to 75 years (mean, 53.1 years). @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and pulmonary Tbc were the most common predisposing factors for @entity8 and @entity8 . @entity7 (13%) was the main organism isolated. The most prevalent location was the lumbar spine (75%). Changes in the @entity3 score, Frankel's classification, and laboratory parameters demonstrated a significant clinical improvement in all @entity0 . However, there were recurrent infections in two @entity0 with @entity8 and inappropriate debridement and intolerance of medication and noncompliance. Autologous rib, iliac bone and allograft (fibular) were performed in most @entity0 . However, 10 @entity0 were grafted using a @entity5 mesh cage after anterior radical debridement. There were no recurrent infections in the 10 cases using the mesh cage with radical debridement. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that surgery based on appropriate surgical indications is effective for the control of @entity4 and prevention of recurrence with anterior radical debridement, proper drug use and abscess drainage.

title: A clinical analysis of surgical treatment for spontaneous XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) modulate several cellular functions and are ubiquitously present in cell. Here, we investigated alterations in the expression of @entity2 and explored functional consequences of the same. Moreover, effect of @entity6 (Qctn), an inhibitor of @entity2 , on chemotherapeutic drugs treatment in @entity0 cells Hep3B and HepG2 was investigated. We for the first time report that @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity5 specifically induce expression of @entity7 in addition to @entity4 in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Induction of @entity2 following exposure to sub lethal dose of drugs is a cellular challenge to survival. However, under lethal environmental conditions with reduced cell viability, cells fail to sustain the induction of survival proteins, @entity4 and @entity7 . Though Qctn itself, to certain extent is cytotoxic to cells, it potentiates the pro-apoptotic action of @entity3 and @entity5 , by inhibiting expression of @entity2 . The increased cell killing correlates with decreased levels of @entity1 . Furthermore, siRNA mediated knockdown of @entity4 and @entity7 diminishes survival of drugs exposed cells. Altogether, our data provides clear evidence that @entity4 and 40 promote cell survival and inhibition of their expression does not allow cells to adapt to drug exposure and survive. Collectively, our novel findings on compelling action of @entity3 or @entity5 following knockdown of @entity7 and that of @entity4 highlights their strategic implications towards an effective therapy against @entity0 .

title: Inhibition of XXXX and @entity7 potentiates @entity3 and @entity5 mediated cell killing in @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) modulate several cellular functions and are ubiquitously present in cell. Here, we investigated alterations in the expression of @entity2 and explored functional consequences of the same. Moreover, effect of @entity6 (Qctn), an inhibitor of @entity2 , on chemotherapeutic drugs treatment in @entity0 cells Hep3B and HepG2 was investigated. We for the first time report that @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity5 specifically induce expression of @entity7 in addition to @entity4 in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Induction of @entity2 following exposure to sub lethal dose of drugs is a cellular challenge to survival. However, under lethal environmental conditions with reduced cell viability, cells fail to sustain the induction of survival proteins, @entity4 and @entity7 . Though Qctn itself, to certain extent is cytotoxic to cells, it potentiates the pro-apoptotic action of @entity3 and @entity5 , by inhibiting expression of @entity2 . The increased cell killing correlates with decreased levels of @entity1 . Furthermore, siRNA mediated knockdown of @entity4 and @entity7 diminishes survival of drugs exposed cells. Altogether, our data provides clear evidence that @entity4 and 40 promote cell survival and inhibition of their expression does not allow cells to adapt to drug exposure and survive. Collectively, our novel findings on compelling action of @entity3 or @entity5 following knockdown of @entity7 and that of @entity4 highlights their strategic implications towards an effective therapy against @entity0 .

title: Inhibition of @entity4 and XXXX potentiates @entity3 and @entity5 mediated cell killing in @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) modulate several cellular functions and are ubiquitously present in cell. Here, we investigated alterations in the expression of @entity2 and explored functional consequences of the same. Moreover, effect of @entity6 (Qctn), an inhibitor of @entity2 , on chemotherapeutic drugs treatment in @entity0 cells Hep3B and HepG2 was investigated. We for the first time report that @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity5 specifically induce expression of @entity7 in addition to @entity4 in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Induction of @entity2 following exposure to sub lethal dose of drugs is a cellular challenge to survival. However, under lethal environmental conditions with reduced cell viability, cells fail to sustain the induction of survival proteins, @entity4 and @entity7 . Though Qctn itself, to certain extent is cytotoxic to cells, it potentiates the pro-apoptotic action of @entity3 and @entity5 , by inhibiting expression of @entity2 . The increased cell killing correlates with decreased levels of @entity1 . Furthermore, siRNA mediated knockdown of @entity4 and @entity7 diminishes survival of drugs exposed cells. Altogether, our data provides clear evidence that @entity4 and 40 promote cell survival and inhibition of their expression does not allow cells to adapt to drug exposure and survive. Collectively, our novel findings on compelling action of @entity3 or @entity5 following knockdown of @entity7 and that of @entity4 highlights their strategic implications towards an effective therapy against @entity0 .

title: Inhibition of @entity4 and @entity7 potentiates @entity3 and XXXX mediated cell killing in @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) modulate several cellular functions and are ubiquitously present in cell. Here, we investigated alterations in the expression of @entity2 and explored functional consequences of the same. Moreover, effect of @entity6 (Qctn), an inhibitor of @entity2 , on chemotherapeutic drugs treatment in @entity0 cells Hep3B and HepG2 was investigated. We for the first time report that @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity5 specifically induce expression of @entity7 in addition to @entity4 in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Induction of @entity2 following exposure to sub lethal dose of drugs is a cellular challenge to survival. However, under lethal environmental conditions with reduced cell viability, cells fail to sustain the induction of survival proteins, @entity4 and @entity7 . Though Qctn itself, to certain extent is cytotoxic to cells, it potentiates the pro-apoptotic action of @entity3 and @entity5 , by inhibiting expression of @entity2 . The increased cell killing correlates with decreased levels of @entity1 . Furthermore, siRNA mediated knockdown of @entity4 and @entity7 diminishes survival of drugs exposed cells. Altogether, our data provides clear evidence that @entity4 and 40 promote cell survival and inhibition of their expression does not allow cells to adapt to drug exposure and survive. Collectively, our novel findings on compelling action of @entity3 or @entity5 following knockdown of @entity7 and that of @entity4 highlights their strategic implications towards an effective therapy against @entity0 .

title: Inhibition of @entity4 and @entity7 potentiates XXXX and @entity5 mediated cell killing in @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) modulate several cellular functions and are ubiquitously present in cell. Here, we investigated alterations in the expression of @entity2 and explored functional consequences of the same. Moreover, effect of @entity6 (Qctn), an inhibitor of @entity2 , on chemotherapeutic drugs treatment in @entity0 cells Hep3B and HepG2 was investigated. We for the first time report that @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity5 specifically induce expression of @entity7 in addition to @entity4 in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Induction of @entity2 following exposure to sub lethal dose of drugs is a cellular challenge to survival. However, under lethal environmental conditions with reduced cell viability, cells fail to sustain the induction of survival proteins, @entity4 and @entity7 . Though Qctn itself, to certain extent is cytotoxic to cells, it potentiates the pro-apoptotic action of @entity3 and @entity5 , by inhibiting expression of @entity2 . The increased cell killing correlates with decreased levels of @entity1 . Furthermore, siRNA mediated knockdown of @entity4 and @entity7 diminishes survival of drugs exposed cells. Altogether, our data provides clear evidence that @entity4 and 40 promote cell survival and inhibition of their expression does not allow cells to adapt to drug exposure and survive. Collectively, our novel findings on compelling action of @entity3 or @entity5 following knockdown of @entity7 and that of @entity4 highlights their strategic implications towards an effective therapy against @entity0 .

title: Inhibition of @entity4 and @entity7 potentiates @entity3 and @entity5 mediated cell killing in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of @entity7 . He had frequent episodes of loss of concentration before dinner. The ratio of IRI to plasma @entity2 (PG) was 0.8-1.0. Abdominal CT revealed no @entity4 , and angiography of splenic artery showed no definite @entity1 stain within the pancreas. Based on the results of selective arterial @entity3 stimulation and hepatic venous sampling (ASVS), the provisional diagnosis was a small insulinoma in the pancreatic body. The @entity0 underwent subtotal distal pancreatectomy. However, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the resected tissue showed @entity5 of islets of Langerhans islands and beta cells around pancreatic ducts. The final diagnosis was adult-onset @entity9 . Postoperatively, the @entity0 continued to exhibit @entity6 and @entity7 . Octreotide, @entity10 and diet therapies failed to improve the @entity7 . However, treatment with @entity8 at a starting dose of 200 mg/day resulted in immediate amelioration of @entity7 . This is the first Japanese adult case of @entity9 treated successfully with @entity8 . This case report suggests that @entity8 may be effective for adult-onset @entity9 in a manner similar to that described for pediatric cases.

title: A rare case of adult-onset @entity9 treated successfully with XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of @entity7 . He had frequent episodes of loss of concentration before dinner. The ratio of IRI to plasma @entity2 (PG) was 0.8-1.0. Abdominal CT revealed no @entity4 , and angiography of splenic artery showed no definite @entity1 stain within the pancreas. Based on the results of selective arterial @entity3 stimulation and hepatic venous sampling (ASVS), the provisional diagnosis was a small insulinoma in the pancreatic body. The @entity0 underwent subtotal distal pancreatectomy. However, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the resected tissue showed @entity5 of islets of Langerhans islands and beta cells around pancreatic ducts. The final diagnosis was adult-onset @entity9 . Postoperatively, the @entity0 continued to exhibit @entity6 and @entity7 . Octreotide, @entity10 and diet therapies failed to improve the @entity7 . However, treatment with @entity8 at a starting dose of 200 mg/day resulted in immediate amelioration of @entity7 . This is the first Japanese adult case of @entity9 treated successfully with @entity8 . This case report suggests that @entity8 may be effective for adult-onset @entity9 in a manner similar to that described for pediatric cases.

title: A rare case of adult-onset XXXX treated successfully with @entity8 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 is the most prevalent @entity11 . Since medical modalities are sometimes ineffective for the acute @entity1 following massive @entity8 may be an effective option when medical treatments fail. The present study was undertaken to assess the outcome and prognostic factors of decompressive surgery in life threatening acute, severe, @entity10 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed twenty-six @entity0 (17 males and 9 females; average age, 49.7yrs) who underwent decompressive surgery for severe @entity6 from January 2003 to December 2006. Surgical indication was based on the clinical signs such as @entity3 , pupillary reflex, and radiological findings. Clinical outcome was assessed by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). RESULTS: Of the 26 @entity0 , 5 (19.2%) showed good recovery, 5 (19.2%) showed moderate disability, 2 (7.7%) severe disability, 6 (23.1%) persistent experienced vegetative state, and 8 (30.8%) @entity5 . In this study, the surgical decompression improved outcome for @entity8 , but decompressive surgery did not show a good result for @entity9 (30.8% overall mortality vs 100% mortality). The dominant-hemisphere @entity8 showed worse prognosis, compared with nondominant-hemisphere @entity8 (54.5% vs 70%). Poor prognostic factors were @entity2 , dominant-hemisphere @entity8 and low preoperative Glasgow @entity7 Scale (GCS) score. CONCLUSION: The @entity0 who exhibit clinical deterioration despite aggressive medical management following severe @entity6 should be considered for decompressive surgery. For better outcome, prompt surgical treatment is mandatory. We recommend that @entity0 with severe @entity6 should be referred to neurosurgical department primarily in emergency setting or as early as possible for such prompt surgical treatment.

title: Surgical treatment for acute, severe XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: During recent years, the curative potential of radiotherapy versus surgery for @entity3 was investigated in randomized trials. A PubMED  , Medline  , and Web of Science   search identified six randomized studies comparing definitive (chemo-) radiotherapy with either surgery alone or surgery+/-induction treatment for @entity0 (n=929) with potentially resectable, mainly thoracic squamous cell (810/929 pts.) @entity3 . In three of the studies (440 pts.), resection alone was planned in the surgery arm, in three others induction chemoradiotherapy up to a total dose of 30-46 Gy followed by resection was scheduled (489 pts.). In the definitive radiation arms (+/-chemotherapy, conservative arm) total radiation doses of 45-71 Gy with differing fractionation schedules were planned. Summary hazard ratios for survival, loco-regional control and treatment related mortality were calculated from intent-to-treat data. Overall survival was equivalent between surgery and definitive chemoradiotherapy (hazard ratio (HR) 0.98 [95% CI 0.8-1.2, p=0.84]). There was a trend to more @entity1 related @entity2 in the definitive radiation+/-chemotherapy arms (HR 1.19 [0.98-1.44], p=0.07), predominantly due to a higher risk of loco-regional progression (HR 1.54 [1.2-1.98], p=0.0007) but treatment related mortality was lower in the conservative arms (HR 0.16 [0-0.89], p=0.001). Protocol compliance was better in the conservative arms. A high concurrent risk of distant metastases (HR 0.72 [0.52-1.01], p=0.06) worsens the @entity1 specific survival of the loco-regionally controlled, resected @entity0 with @entity4 . The similar outcome in survival suggests that the safer approach of radiochemotherapy is a reasonable choice especially in comorbid @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: Radiotherapy versus surgery within multimodality protocols for XXXX --a meta-analysis of the randomized trials.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Systematic assessment of brain and @entity2 with 4D-CE-MRA at 3T has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that 4D-CE-MRA at 3T can replace DSA in the identification of feeding arteries and @entity1 stain to plan interventional procedures in hypervascular brain and @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity0 with brain and @entity2 underwent 4D-CE-MRA at 3T and DSA. 4D-CE-MRA combined randomly segmented central k-space ordering, keyhole imaging, SENSE, and half-Fourier imaging. We obtained 30 dynamic scans every 1.9 seconds at an acquired spatial resolution of 0.9   0.9   1.5 mm; the matrix was 256   256. Two independent observers inspected the 4D-CE-MRA images for the main arterial feeders and @entity1 stain. Interobserver and intermodality agreement was assessed by k statistics. RESULTS: For 4D-CE-MRA, the interobserver agreement was fair with respect to the main arterial feeders and very good for the degree of @entity1 stain (k = 0.28 and 0.87, respectively). Intermodality agreement was moderate for the main arterial feeders (k = 0.45) and good for the @entity1 stain (k = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Although 4D-CE-MRA may be useful for evaluating @entity1 stain in hypervascular brain and @entity2 , it is not able to replace DSA in planning interventional procedures.

title: Evaluation of brain and XXXX with 4D contrast-enhanced MR angiography at 3T.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the efficacy of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for elderly idiopathic @entity7 @entity0 by analyzing the clinical outcome. METHODS: In the past 10 years, 27 elderly @entity0 were treated with @entity2 while 18 @entity0 were treated with GKRS (>65-years-old). We reviewed their clinical characteristics and clinical courses after treatment as well as the treatment outcomes. For @entity0 who were treated with @entity2 , additional treatment methods such as rhizotomy were combined in some areas. In GKRS, we radiated the root entry zone (REZ) with the mean maximum dose of 77.8 (70-84.3) Gy and one 4 mm collimator. RESULTS: The mean age was 68.1 years for @entity2 , and 71.1 years for GKS group. The average time interval between first presenting symptom and surgery was 84.1 (1-361) months, and 51.4 (1-120) months, respectively. The mean follow-up period after the surgery was 35.9 months for @entity2 , and 33.1 months for GKRS. According to @entity1 Intensity Scale, @entity2 group showed better prognosis with 17 (63%) cases in grade I-II versus 10 (55.6%) cases in GKRS group after the treatment. The @entity1 recurrence rate during follow up did not show much difference with 3 (11.1%) in @entity2 , and 2 (11.1%) in GKRS. After the treatment, 2 cases of @entity4 , and 1 case each of @entity6 , cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, hearing disturbance, and subdural @entity5 occurred in @entity2 Group. In GKRS, there was 1 (5.6%) case of @entity3 but was not permanent. Three cases were retreated by GKRS but the prognosis was not as good as when the surgery was used as primary treatment, with 1 case of grade I-II, and 1 case of recurrence. The maximal relieve of @entity1 was seen just after surgery in @entity2 group, and 1 year after treatment in GKRS group. CONCLUSION: For @entity7 @entity0 with advanced age, @entity2 showed advantages in immediately relieving the @entity1 . However, in overall, GKRS was preferable, despite the delayed @entity1 relief, due to the lower rate of surgical complications that arise owing to the old age.

title: The Treatment Outcome of Elderly @entity0 with XXXX : Micro-Vascular Decompression versus Gamma Knife Radiosurgery.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the efficacy of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for elderly idiopathic @entity7 @entity0 by analyzing the clinical outcome. METHODS: In the past 10 years, 27 elderly @entity0 were treated with @entity2 while 18 @entity0 were treated with GKRS (>65-years-old). We reviewed their clinical characteristics and clinical courses after treatment as well as the treatment outcomes. For @entity0 who were treated with @entity2 , additional treatment methods such as rhizotomy were combined in some areas. In GKRS, we radiated the root entry zone (REZ) with the mean maximum dose of 77.8 (70-84.3) Gy and one 4 mm collimator. RESULTS: The mean age was 68.1 years for @entity2 , and 71.1 years for GKS group. The average time interval between first presenting symptom and surgery was 84.1 (1-361) months, and 51.4 (1-120) months, respectively. The mean follow-up period after the surgery was 35.9 months for @entity2 , and 33.1 months for GKRS. According to @entity1 Intensity Scale, @entity2 group showed better prognosis with 17 (63%) cases in grade I-II versus 10 (55.6%) cases in GKRS group after the treatment. The @entity1 recurrence rate during follow up did not show much difference with 3 (11.1%) in @entity2 , and 2 (11.1%) in GKRS. After the treatment, 2 cases of @entity4 , and 1 case each of @entity6 , cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, hearing disturbance, and subdural @entity5 occurred in @entity2 Group. In GKRS, there was 1 (5.6%) case of @entity3 but was not permanent. Three cases were retreated by GKRS but the prognosis was not as good as when the surgery was used as primary treatment, with 1 case of grade I-II, and 1 case of recurrence. The maximal relieve of @entity1 was seen just after surgery in @entity2 group, and 1 year after treatment in GKRS group. CONCLUSION: For @entity7 @entity0 with advanced age, @entity2 showed advantages in immediately relieving the @entity1 . However, in overall, GKRS was preferable, despite the delayed @entity1 relief, due to the lower rate of surgical complications that arise owing to the old age.

title: The Treatment Outcome of Elderly XXXX with @entity7 : Micro-Vascular Decompression versus Gamma Knife Radiosurgery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The standard treatment strategy of @entity4 includes either endovascular coiling or microsurgical clipping. In certain situations such as in giant or dissecting @entity5 , bypass surgery followed by proximal occlusion or trapping of parent artery is required. METHODS: The authors assessed the result of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery in the treatment of @entity4 in one institute between 2003 and 2007 retrospectively to propose its role as treatment modality. The outcomes of 15 @entity0 with complex @entity5 treated during the last 5 years were reviewed. Six male and 9 female @entity0 , aged 14 to 76 years, presented with symptoms related to @entity6 in 6 cases, transient @entity1 attack (TIA) in 2 unruptured cases, and permanent @entity7 in one, and compressive symptoms in 3 cases. @entity5 were mainly in the internal carotid artery (ICA) in 11 cases, @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in 2, posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in one and posterior @entity10 (PICA) in one case. RESULTS: The types of @entity5 were 8 cases of large to @entity5 , 5 cases of ICA @entity5 , one dissecting @entity5 , and one @entity9 related to @entity2 . High-flow bypass surgery was done in 6 cases with radial artery graft (RAG) in five and saphenous vein graft (SVG) in one. Low-flow bypass was done in nine cases using superficial temporal artery (STA) in eight and occipital artery (OA) in one case. Parent @entity3 was performed with clipping in 9 @entity0 , with coiling in 4, and with balloon plus coil in 1. Direct @entity5 clip was done in one case. The follow up period ranged from 2 to 48 months (mean 15.0 months). There was no mortality case. The long-term clinical outcome measured by Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) showed good or excellent outcome in 13/15. The overall surgery related morbidity was 20% (3/15) including 2 emergency bypass surgeries due to unexpected parent @entity3 during direct clipping procedure. The short-term postoperative bypass graft patency rates were 100% but the long-term bypass patency rates were 86.7% (13/15). Nonetheless, there was no bypass surgery related morbidity due to occlusion of the graft. CONCLUSION: Revascularization technique is a pivotal armament in managing complex @entity5 and scrupulous prior planning is essential to successful outcomes.

title: Result of extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery in the treatment of XXXX : outcomes in 15 cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and surgical outcome of the @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 26 @entity0 who underwent surgery for @entity1 from August 1986 to July 2007. We analyzed clinical manifestation, preoperative MRI findings, extent of surgical resection, histopathologic type, adjuvant therapy, and outcomes. RESULTS: There were @entity7 (13), @entity5 (3), @entity6 (3), @entity9 (3), primitive @entity10 (PNET) (2), mature @entity3 (1), and @entity11 (1) on histopathologic type. @entity4 was the most common symptom and was seen in 80.8% of @entity0 . @entity4 or sensory change in the saddle area was seen in 50% of @entity0 and 2 @entity0 had severe @entity4 in the perineum and genitalia. Gross total or complete @entity1 resection was obtained in 80.8% of @entity0 . On surgical outcome, modified JOA score worsened in 26.9% of @entity0 , improved in 34.6%, and remained stable in 38.5%. The mean VAS score was improved from 5.4 to 1.8 among 21 @entity0 who had @entity8 and @entity4 . CONCLUSION: The surgical outcome of @entity1 mainly depends on preoperative @entity2 and pathological type. The surgical treatment of @entity1 needs understanding the anatomical and functional characteristics of @entity1 for better outcome.

title: Surgical treatment of primary XXXX in the conus medullaris.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Emerging evidence suggests critical roles for @entity4 in suppressing immune responses. Here, we show that zymosan, a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1, regulates cytokine secretion in DCs and macrophages to induce @entity2 . First, zymosan induces DCs to secrete abundant @entity3 but little IL-6 and IL-12(p70). Induction of @entity3 is dependent on TLR2- and dectin-1-mediated activation of ERK MAPK via a mechanism independent of the activation protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor c-Fos. Such DCs stimulate antigen-specific CD4+ T cells poorly due to @entity3 and the lack of IL-6. Second, zymosan induces F4-80+ macrophages in the splenic red pulp to secrete TGF-beta. Consistent with these effects on @entity4 , injection of zymosan plus OVA into @entity0 results in OVA-specific T cells that secrete little or no @entity1 or Th2 cytokines, but secrete robust levels of @entity3 , and are unresponsive to challenge with OVA plus adjuvant. Finally, coinjection of zymosan with OVA plus LPS suppresses the response to OVA via a mechanism dependent on @entity3 , TGF-beta, and lack of IL-6. Together, our data demonstrate that zymosan stimulates @entity3 + IL-12(p70)- IL-6low regulatory DCs and TGF-beta+ macrophages to induce @entity2 . These data suggest several targets for pharmacological modulation of immune responses in various clinical settings.

title: Yeast zymosan, a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1, induces regulatory antigen-presenting cells and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Genetic variation in DNA repair may affect the clinical response to cytotoxic therapies. We investigated the effect of six single @entity4 polymorphisms of the @entity10 , @entity9 , @entity6 , and @entity7 genes on overall survival of 378 @entity0 with @entity5 who were treated at University of Texas M.D. Anderson @entity2 Center during February 1999 to October 2004 and were followed up to October 2005. Genotypes were determined using the MassCode method. Survival was determined from pathologic diagnosis to @entity3 . @entity0 who were alive at the last follow-up evaluation were censored at that time. Kaplan-Meier plot, log-rank test, and Cox regression were used to compare overall survival by genotypes. A significant effect on survival of all @entity0 was observed for @entity10 and @entity9 genes. The median survival time was 19.2, 14.7, and 13.2 months for the @entity10 159 AA, AC, and CC genotypes, and 16.4, 13.3, and 10.3 months for @entity9 157 CC, CT, and TT genotypes, respectively. A significantly reduced survival was associated with the variant alleles of @entity6 @entity8 and @entity7 @entity11 in subgroup analysis. When the four genes were analyzed in combination, an increasing number of adverse alleles were associated with a significantly decreased survival. Subgroup analyses have shown that the genotype effect on survival was present among @entity0 without @entity1 or among @entity0 who receive radiotherapy. These observations suggest that polymorphisms of genes involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks significantly affect the clinical outcome of @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: Significant effect of homologous recombination DNA repair gene polymorphisms on XXXX survival.

answer: @entity5


abstract: To review the pharmacokinetic literature regarding @entity4 ( @entity5 ) in @entity0 with @entity2 to evaluate the appropriateness of routine @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of @entity5 in this population. Embase, Medline, Biosis, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Cochrane Systematic Reviews databases (to July 2009) were searched (terms: @entity4 , @entity4 , @entity4 , @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity2 , @entity2 , assay, concentration, drug level, serum level, plasma level, @entity3 , drug monitoring, pharmacokinetics). A 9-step decision-making algorithm was applied to the available @entity5 literature in the @entity2 population. @entity5 has been established as effective first-line therapy in the treatment of @entity2 . Commercial assays are available to accurately measure @entity5 levels with good sensitivity and precision. Wide interpatient variability in @entity5 pharmacokinetic parameters and long anticipated treatment durations favor the use of @entity3 in the @entity2 @entity0 . Conversely, correlations between @entity5 levels and pharmacologic response in @entity0 , and specifically @entity0 with @entity2 are unclear. Compared with other agents known to have narrow therapeutic ranges, @entity5 does not seem to share this characteristic. Furthermore, the clinical efficacy and @entity1 of @entity5 may be assessed in ways other than @entity3 , allowing for contributions by health care professionals, @entity0 , and family members. Despite the development of effective and widely available @entity5 assays, routine monitoring of @entity5 concentrations in the general @entity2 affective population does not seem warranted. However, @entity3 may enhance usual clinical monitoring in situations involving unusual @entity5 metabolism, polytherapy with clinically relevant drug interactions, or as part of a comprehensive assessment of treatment compliance.

title: Does @entity4 warrant @entity3 in XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: To review the pharmacokinetic literature regarding @entity4 ( @entity5 ) in @entity0 with @entity2 to evaluate the appropriateness of routine @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of @entity5 in this population. Embase, Medline, Biosis, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Cochrane Systematic Reviews databases (to July 2009) were searched (terms: @entity4 , @entity4 , @entity4 , @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity2 , @entity2 , assay, concentration, drug level, serum level, plasma level, @entity3 , drug monitoring, pharmacokinetics). A 9-step decision-making algorithm was applied to the available @entity5 literature in the @entity2 population. @entity5 has been established as effective first-line therapy in the treatment of @entity2 . Commercial assays are available to accurately measure @entity5 levels with good sensitivity and precision. Wide interpatient variability in @entity5 pharmacokinetic parameters and long anticipated treatment durations favor the use of @entity3 in the @entity2 @entity0 . Conversely, correlations between @entity5 levels and pharmacologic response in @entity0 , and specifically @entity0 with @entity2 are unclear. Compared with other agents known to have narrow therapeutic ranges, @entity5 does not seem to share this characteristic. Furthermore, the clinical efficacy and @entity1 of @entity5 may be assessed in ways other than @entity3 , allowing for contributions by health care professionals, @entity0 , and family members. Despite the development of effective and widely available @entity5 assays, routine monitoring of @entity5 concentrations in the general @entity2 affective population does not seem warranted. However, @entity3 may enhance usual clinical monitoring in situations involving unusual @entity5 metabolism, polytherapy with clinically relevant drug interactions, or as part of a comprehensive assessment of treatment compliance.

title: Does XXXX warrant @entity3 in @entity2 ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: To review the pharmacokinetic literature regarding @entity4 ( @entity5 ) in @entity0 with @entity2 to evaluate the appropriateness of routine @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of @entity5 in this population. Embase, Medline, Biosis, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Cochrane Systematic Reviews databases (to July 2009) were searched (terms: @entity4 , @entity4 , @entity4 , @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity2 , @entity2 , assay, concentration, drug level, serum level, plasma level, @entity3 , drug monitoring, pharmacokinetics). A 9-step decision-making algorithm was applied to the available @entity5 literature in the @entity2 population. @entity5 has been established as effective first-line therapy in the treatment of @entity2 . Commercial assays are available to accurately measure @entity5 levels with good sensitivity and precision. Wide interpatient variability in @entity5 pharmacokinetic parameters and long anticipated treatment durations favor the use of @entity3 in the @entity2 @entity0 . Conversely, correlations between @entity5 levels and pharmacologic response in @entity0 , and specifically @entity0 with @entity2 are unclear. Compared with other agents known to have narrow therapeutic ranges, @entity5 does not seem to share this characteristic. Furthermore, the clinical efficacy and @entity1 of @entity5 may be assessed in ways other than @entity3 , allowing for contributions by health care professionals, @entity0 , and family members. Despite the development of effective and widely available @entity5 assays, routine monitoring of @entity5 concentrations in the general @entity2 affective population does not seem warranted. However, @entity3 may enhance usual clinical monitoring in situations involving unusual @entity5 metabolism, polytherapy with clinically relevant drug interactions, or as part of a comprehensive assessment of treatment compliance.

title: Does @entity4 warrant XXXX in @entity2 ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 may develop after primary or recurrent @entity3 or after surgery for stabilization. Postoperatively, the incidence is reported to be from 12% to 62%, depending on different risk factors. There is no certain correlation between the surgical technique and the rate of @entity5 . Capsulorraphy @entity4 is biomechanically and clinically a well defined entity. The risk of developing severe @entity5 of the shoulder following dislocation of the shoulder is between 10 and 20 times greater in comparison to the normal population. Risk factors are the age during the first episode of instability, the age at instability surgery, bony lesions on the humeral head or the glenoid and rotator cuff tears.For mild stages of @entity1 , arthroscopic revision with removal of intraarticular metallic parts, arthroscopic debridement or arthroscopic arthrolysis of an @entity2 might be sufficient. For more severe stages mobilization of the @entity2 and glenohumeral arthroplasty are indicated. With sufficient integrity of the head and glenoid, a surface replacement is adequate. With intact rotator cuff and without bone graft the results for shoulder arthroplasty are comparable to those following primary omarthrosis. With a bone graft at the glenoidal side the risk for implant loosening is 10 times greater. For the functional outcome the quality of the rotator cuff, i.e. the @entity0 , is more predictive than the type of previous surgery or the preoperative @entity2 .

title: [ XXXX of instability. Causes, treatment options and results].

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Trial of a new procedure of @entity2 repair based on the incorporation of the entire available innate urethral tissue for the formation of neo-urethra in @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity0 , nine with @entity2 and six with @entity3 (all with severe chordee), whose parents consented to application of a new procedure of @entity2 repair, were the study subjects. This procedure is inspired by Cantwell Ransley procedure for @entity4 repair and Snodgras procedure for @entity2 repair. The entire urethral plate was mobilized (i.e., lifted off the corpora) distal to the urethral meatus and was tubularized in two layers; inner urethral skin and outer spongiosal tissue, in Duplay fashion. The repair was reinforced with dartos vascularized flap. The skin incisions on the urethral strip are guided by the disposition of the spongiosal tissue underlying the urethral plate (rather than the conventional U-shaped incision on either side of hypospadiac urethral meatus). In the @entity0 with @entity3 with severe chordee urethral advancement was combined to achieve orthoplasty and a single @entity1 repair. The catheter was removed on tenth postoperative day. RESULTS: Even in @entity0 with @entity3 with severe chordee, good single staged repair was achieved without resorting to dorsal plication that would have been necessary had any other methods based on the preservation of urethral plate was performed in these subjects. Therefore, the procedure was found to have an extended applicability to even those @entity0 where tubularized incised urethral plate urethroplsty is not advised. All @entity0 had good results (in 1 year follow-up), except in three early subjects of the series; two of whom developed minor urethrocutaneous fistulae (probably due to frank urinary leak secondary to repeated catheter blockade) and one developed partial glanular wound dehiscence. CONCLUSIONS: Though the authors have an initial limited experience with this procedure, the procedure is likely to have a promising future due to its versatility and utilization of the entire urethral tissue.

title: Is tubularization of the mobilized urethral plate a better alternative to tubularization of an incised urethral plate for XXXX repair?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The proper role of surgical resection, given the various treatment modalities available, needs to be further clarified in @entity0 with a single large @entity1 ( @entity1 ). To evaluate the role of surgical resection in this group of @entity0 , we studied the long-term outcomes of @entity0 that received hepatic resection for a single large (> 5-10 cm in diameter) @entity1 . METHODS: The clinicopathologic data and long-term outcomes of 61 @entity0 with a single large @entity1 (> 5-10 cm in diameter; L group) were compared with those of 169 @entity0 with a single small @entity1 (< or = 5 cm; S group). Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Operative mortality rates were low in both groups (0.6% in group S and 1.6% in group L), and the incidence of @entity2 was rare even in group L (1.6%). The cumulative 5-year overall survival rate in group S was 59.0%, whereas in group L it was 52.9% (p = 0.385), and the corresponding cumulative 5-year disease-free survival rates were 44.1% and 31.7%, respectively (p = 0.063). @entity0 class B was found to predict poor overall and disease-free survival by multivariate analysis versus @entity0 class A in both groups. The presence of microvascular invasion was also identified as a significant prognostic factor, but it only affected disease-free survival in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Single large HCCs do not require a large extent of hepatic resection and the associated increased risk of @entity2 . The long-term survival of @entity0 with a single large @entity1 is as good as that of @entity0 with a single small @entity1 . We conclude that hepatic resection is a safe and effective therapy for single large HCCs.

title: Outcomes of hepatic resection for a single large XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: @entity3 ( @entity4 ) is used in the prevention of @entity5 . However, the efficacy of @entity4 is still debatable, and the potential complications of @entity4 use have been scarcely reported. We evaluated the efficacy and early complications of @entity4 in a wound model of the subglottis. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized animal study. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 underwent a full-thickness injury to the posterior subglottis by diode laser. The animals were randomly assigned to three groups according to the different topical treatments of @entity4 0.4 or 10 mg/mL or saline alone for 5 minutes. Animals were killed at 4 weeks, and gross and histologic findings were compared among different groups and 10 age-matched, non-wound, normal controls. RESULTS: Thirty-two of the 60 (53%) animals died mainly of acute @entity5 by @entity0 , sloughs on, or cartilage collapse of the unhealed posterior subglottis during early weeks after wounding, higher in the @entity4 -treated animals (67%) than in the wound controls (25%) (P = .007). This resulted from the significant delay of wound @entity2 in the @entity4 -treated groups compared with the wound controls (P = .012). The degree of @entity6 was comparable among different groups (P > .8), although collagen deposition was significantly lower in the @entity4 -treated groups compared with the untreated controls (P = .036). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant risk of acute @entity5 from delayed wound @entity2 in @entity1 that received subglottic laser wounding and @entity4 treatment. This risk should be considered in the use of @entity4 in clinical practice.

title: Can XXXX really prevent airway stenosis?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Few studies have focused on long-term changes in the caregiving experience after @entity1 . This study assessed changes in the psychosocial functioning of spouses (burden, @entity2 , harmony in the relationship between @entity0 and spouse, and social relations) during the first 3 years after @entity1 and identified predictors of the course of spouses' psychosocial functioning based on the characteristics of @entity0 and spouses with special emphasis on coping style. METHODS: We examined 211 couples shortly after the @entity0 's admission to a rehabilitation center, 197 2 months after discharge, 187 1 year poststroke, and 121 3 years poststroke. Burden was assessed using the Caregiver Strain Index, @entity2 with the Goldberg Depression Scale, harmony in the relationship with the Interactional Problem Solving Inventory, and social relations with the Social Support List. Multilevel regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: A significant effect of time (P<0.01) was found for all 4 aspects of spouses' psychosocial functioning. Although burden decreased, harmony in the relationship and social relations also decreased. The @entity2 score showed a nonlinear pattern with an initial decrease but a long-term increase. All outcomes were significantly related to caregiver coping strategies. A total of 15% to 27% of the variance in psychosocial functioning could be explained. CONCLUSIONS: Follow-up of spouses of @entity0 with @entity1 requires not only assessment of burden, but also other aspects of psychosocial functioning like harmony in the relationship, @entity2 , and social relations, because our results show negative long-term consequences of @entity1 for these aspects of caregiver quality of life.

title: Psychosocial functioning of spouses of @entity0 with XXXX from initial inpatient rehabilitation to 3 years poststroke: course and relations with coping strategies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Few studies have focused on long-term changes in the caregiving experience after @entity1 . This study assessed changes in the psychosocial functioning of spouses (burden, @entity2 , harmony in the relationship between @entity0 and spouse, and social relations) during the first 3 years after @entity1 and identified predictors of the course of spouses' psychosocial functioning based on the characteristics of @entity0 and spouses with special emphasis on coping style. METHODS: We examined 211 couples shortly after the @entity0 's admission to a rehabilitation center, 197 2 months after discharge, 187 1 year poststroke, and 121 3 years poststroke. Burden was assessed using the Caregiver Strain Index, @entity2 with the Goldberg Depression Scale, harmony in the relationship with the Interactional Problem Solving Inventory, and social relations with the Social Support List. Multilevel regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: A significant effect of time (P<0.01) was found for all 4 aspects of spouses' psychosocial functioning. Although burden decreased, harmony in the relationship and social relations also decreased. The @entity2 score showed a nonlinear pattern with an initial decrease but a long-term increase. All outcomes were significantly related to caregiver coping strategies. A total of 15% to 27% of the variance in psychosocial functioning could be explained. CONCLUSIONS: Follow-up of spouses of @entity0 with @entity1 requires not only assessment of burden, but also other aspects of psychosocial functioning like harmony in the relationship, @entity2 , and social relations, because our results show negative long-term consequences of @entity1 for these aspects of caregiver quality of life.

title: Psychosocial functioning of spouses of XXXX with @entity1 from initial inpatient rehabilitation to 3 years poststroke: course and relations with coping strategies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is based on the presence of high levels of @entity4 (TGs) in the dialysate. It is a rare complication of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and even rarer in neonates. We report here the case of @entity8 in a 1700-g male baby delivered at the 30th gestational week due to @entity2 and associated @entity7 . On postnatal day 2, the serum @entity3 (Scr) was 1.6 mg/dL, and he was anuric. @entity1 was instituted via a Tenckhoff catheter. At the end of the second week, after the initiation of enteral feeding, the ultrafiltrate became cloudy, with a leukocyte count of 900/mm(3). A treatment regimen consisting of intraperitoneal @entity5 and @entity9 was then started. Five days later, the fluid became milky, with a TG level of 251 mg/dL. The @entity0 was then placed on a diet based on medium-chain @entity4 and @entity6 (1 microg/kg/h; increasing up to 2 microg/kg/h over 15 days). Although the TG and leukocyte levels decreased, the milky appearance persisted. @entity1 was stopped for 2 days when the Scr decreased to 1.7 mg/dL. When it was resumed, the fluid was totally clear, with a TG level of 7 mg/dL. The @entity0 was discharged with a nightly intermittent @entity1 program and has had no recurrence. In summary, we report a preterm @entity0 who developed @entity8 during @entity1 and recovered following treatment that included diet modification, @entity6 , and temporary discontinuation of the @entity1 .

title: Resolution of @entity8 in a preterm with XXXX , diet and cessation of dialysis.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is based on the presence of high levels of @entity4 (TGs) in the dialysate. It is a rare complication of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and even rarer in neonates. We report here the case of @entity8 in a 1700-g male baby delivered at the 30th gestational week due to @entity2 and associated @entity7 . On postnatal day 2, the serum @entity3 (Scr) was 1.6 mg/dL, and he was anuric. @entity1 was instituted via a Tenckhoff catheter. At the end of the second week, after the initiation of enteral feeding, the ultrafiltrate became cloudy, with a leukocyte count of 900/mm(3). A treatment regimen consisting of intraperitoneal @entity5 and @entity9 was then started. Five days later, the fluid became milky, with a TG level of 251 mg/dL. The @entity0 was then placed on a diet based on medium-chain @entity4 and @entity6 (1 microg/kg/h; increasing up to 2 microg/kg/h over 15 days). Although the TG and leukocyte levels decreased, the milky appearance persisted. @entity1 was stopped for 2 days when the Scr decreased to 1.7 mg/dL. When it was resumed, the fluid was totally clear, with a TG level of 7 mg/dL. The @entity0 was discharged with a nightly intermittent @entity1 program and has had no recurrence. In summary, we report a preterm @entity0 who developed @entity8 during @entity1 and recovered following treatment that included diet modification, @entity6 , and temporary discontinuation of the @entity1 .

title: Resolution of XXXX in a preterm with @entity6 , diet and cessation of dialysis.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the effect of muscle relaxants ( @entity1 ) on the outcomes of intermittent @entity2 surgery under general anesthesia, with a focus on resection procedures. METHODS: Thirty four @entity0 who underwent recession and resection (R_R) were divided into two groups: @entity1 usage (group A, n=18) and no @entity1 usage (group B, n=16). @entity0 were divided into two subgroups according to the amount of resection of the medial rectus (MR): less than 5 mm (group 1, n=13) or 5 mm and greater (group 2, n=21). Deviation angles were compared between groups and subgroups. Surgical outcome was defined as successful if distant deviation angles were equal to or less than 10 prism diopters. RESULTS: The overall postoperative deviation angles did not show statistically significant differences between groups A and B. However, in @entity0 with larger MR resections (> or = 5 mm), the 1 week postoperative distant deviation was significantly larger in group A (1.8+/-2.6 PD) than in group B (-1.6+/-4.6 PD, p=0.048 by t-test). The overall undercorrection rate at 3 months postoperatively for group A was 16.7%, which was higher than that of group B (6.3%), and the difference was even larger in subgroups with larger MR resections (> or = 5 mm): 18.2% in group A and 0% in group B. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who underwent R_R procedures under general anesthesia with a muscle relaxant tended to be less corrected than those without muscle relaxant, especially in the early postoperative period and with a larger MR resection equal to or greater than 5 mm. However, there was no significant difference in the later postoperative period.

title: Effect of muscle relaxants on short-term results of XXXX surgery: a focus on resection procedures.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine risk factors, treatment, and outcomes for @entity2 / @entity3 (N/V) and heartburn during pregnancy. METHODS: We included 2731 @entity0 from a prospective cohort study of @entity5 in pregnancy. Subjects completed questionnaires at enrollment, early third trimester, and 4-6 weeks postpartum. We used logistic regression to examine independent predictors of @entity1 . RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of pregnant @entity0 experienced either heartburn and/or N/V. Independent predictors for heartburn included prepregnancy heartburn (OR 5.28, 95% CI 3.78-7.37), multigravidity, prepregnancy body mass index, and pregnancy @entity4 . Independent predictors for N/V included prepregnancy N/V (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.52-3.31), other digestive problems prepregnancy, younger age, single gestation, and carrying a female fetus. 11% of @entity0 with N/V and 47% of @entity0 with heartburn used pharmacologic therapy. @entity0 born to @entity0 with heartburn had significantly higher birth weights (p = 0.03), but gestational age at delivery was not significantly different. N/V was not associated with birth weight or gestational age at delivery. 19.7% of @entity0 with heartburn during pregnancy reported postpartum heartburn. CONCLUSIONS: Heartburn and N/V are common pregnancy symptoms, particularly among @entity0 with a history of such symptoms. Neither condition appears to adversely affect the outcome of pregnancy. Pregnancy-related heartburn predisposes to early postpartum heartburn.

title: @entity2 , XXXX , and heartburn in pregnancy: a prospective look at risk, treatment, and outcome.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine risk factors, treatment, and outcomes for @entity2 / @entity3 (N/V) and heartburn during pregnancy. METHODS: We included 2731 @entity0 from a prospective cohort study of @entity5 in pregnancy. Subjects completed questionnaires at enrollment, early third trimester, and 4-6 weeks postpartum. We used logistic regression to examine independent predictors of @entity1 . RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of pregnant @entity0 experienced either heartburn and/or N/V. Independent predictors for heartburn included prepregnancy heartburn (OR 5.28, 95% CI 3.78-7.37), multigravidity, prepregnancy body mass index, and pregnancy @entity4 . Independent predictors for N/V included prepregnancy N/V (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.52-3.31), other digestive problems prepregnancy, younger age, single gestation, and carrying a female fetus. 11% of @entity0 with N/V and 47% of @entity0 with heartburn used pharmacologic therapy. @entity0 born to @entity0 with heartburn had significantly higher birth weights (p = 0.03), but gestational age at delivery was not significantly different. N/V was not associated with birth weight or gestational age at delivery. 19.7% of @entity0 with heartburn during pregnancy reported postpartum heartburn. CONCLUSIONS: Heartburn and N/V are common pregnancy symptoms, particularly among @entity0 with a history of such symptoms. Neither condition appears to adversely affect the outcome of pregnancy. Pregnancy-related heartburn predisposes to early postpartum heartburn.

title: XXXX , @entity3 , and heartburn in pregnancy: a prospective look at risk, treatment, and outcome.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Thoracoscopic or video-assisted thoracic esophagectomies have been performed for the last 10 years. Nevertheless, some reports have showed a risk of dissemination with endoscopic or video-assisted surgery for @entity1 . This institute experienced three cases of port site recurrence after a thoracoscopic esophagectomy for advanced @entity2 . Following those cases, induction chemo-radiation therapy was performed for @entity0 with advanced @entity2 before thoracoscopic or video-assisted esophagectomy. Since introducing induction chemo-radiation therapy, no @entity0 have experienced port site recurrence after a thoracoscopic or video-assisted esophagectomy for advanced @entity2 . In this study, the two @entity0 groups are compared before and after the introduction of induction chemo-radiation therapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: Between November 1995 and December 2005, thoracoscopic and video-assisted esophagectomies were performed on 112 (72.7%) @entity0 out of 154 who underwent a surgical resection for @entity2 . The histologic type of @entity1 was @entity5 in 109 (97.4%) @entity0 and @entity3 in 3 (2.6%). Ninety-one @entity0 were @entity0 and 21 were @entity0 . The @entity1 was located in the upper thoracic esophagus in 22 (19.6%) @entity0 , the middle thoracic esophagus in 49 (43.8%), the lower thoracic esophagus in 34 (30.4%), and the abdominal esophagus in 7 (6.2%). RESULTS: Before December 1999, port site recurrence occurred in three cases of those of 29 @entity0 with clinical T2-T4 @entity2 from 3 to 6 months after surgery, and @entity6 was observed in two of those @entity0 . Since January 2000, induction chemo-radiation therapy (low-dose @entity7 and @entity4 + 40 Gy radiation) has been performed to 31 @entity0 with clinical T2-T4 disease, and port site recurrence has not occurred in any @entity0 who received trimodality therapy. CONCLUSIONS: We think that the trend toward less port site recurrences with induction therapy should be examined in future studies of video-assisted thoracic surgery esophagectomy to confirm our findings.

title: The port site recurrence after a thoracoscopic and video-assisted esophagectomy for advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term @entity2 and efficacy of isolated left lung perfusion (ILuP) with @entity1 ( @entity4 ) were studied in a @entity0 model of metastatic @entity3 . MATERIALS:                 <AbstractText Label=" @entity2 " NlmCategory="RESULTS">Forty @entity0 were randomized into six groups and administered 160 or 320 mg/kg @entity4 or buffered starch, received either via intravenous injection (i.v.) or via ILuP. Efficacy experiment: @entity0 with unilateral metastases had ILuP with 320 mg/kg @entity4 (maximally tolerated dose administered by ILuP), while @entity0 with bilateral metastases had an i.v. injection of 160 mg/kg @entity4 (maximally tolerated dose given by i.v.). RESULTS: @entity2 experiment: After i.v. treatments, all @entity0 receiving 320 mg/kg @entity4 died within one week, while @entity0 who had received 160 mg/kg @entity4 had a survival rate of 60%. After ILuP with 160 mg/kg @entity4 and 320 mg/kg @entity4 , survival rates were 83% in both groups. A significant increase in collagen deposits was observed for ILuP with 320 mg/kg @entity4 compared to @entity0 treated i.v. with 160 mg/kg @entity4 . Efficacy experiment: Median survival of ILuP @entity0 treated with 320 mg/kg (38 +/- 4 days) was significantly longer compared to i.v. @entity0 treated with 160 mg/kg (27 +/- 2 days; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: ILuP with @entity4 prolongs survival in experimental metastatic @entity3 while no major acute or long term @entity2 is observed.

title: XXXX and efficacy of isolated lung perfusion with @entity1 in a @entity0 model of pulmonary metastases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term @entity2 and efficacy of isolated left lung perfusion (ILuP) with @entity1 ( @entity4 ) were studied in a @entity0 model of metastatic @entity3 . MATERIALS:                 <AbstractText Label=" @entity2 " NlmCategory="RESULTS">Forty @entity0 were randomized into six groups and administered 160 or 320 mg/kg @entity4 or buffered starch, received either via intravenous injection (i.v.) or via ILuP. Efficacy experiment: @entity0 with unilateral metastases had ILuP with 320 mg/kg @entity4 (maximally tolerated dose administered by ILuP), while @entity0 with bilateral metastases had an i.v. injection of 160 mg/kg @entity4 (maximally tolerated dose given by i.v.). RESULTS: @entity2 experiment: After i.v. treatments, all @entity0 receiving 320 mg/kg @entity4 died within one week, while @entity0 who had received 160 mg/kg @entity4 had a survival rate of 60%. After ILuP with 160 mg/kg @entity4 and 320 mg/kg @entity4 , survival rates were 83% in both groups. A significant increase in collagen deposits was observed for ILuP with 320 mg/kg @entity4 compared to @entity0 treated i.v. with 160 mg/kg @entity4 . Efficacy experiment: Median survival of ILuP @entity0 treated with 320 mg/kg (38 +/- 4 days) was significantly longer compared to i.v. @entity0 treated with 160 mg/kg (27 +/- 2 days; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: ILuP with @entity4 prolongs survival in experimental metastatic @entity3 while no major acute or long term @entity2 is observed.

title: @entity2 and efficacy of isolated lung perfusion with XXXX in a @entity0 model of pulmonary metastases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term @entity2 and efficacy of isolated left lung perfusion (ILuP) with @entity1 ( @entity4 ) were studied in a @entity0 model of metastatic @entity3 . MATERIALS:                 <AbstractText Label=" @entity2 " NlmCategory="RESULTS">Forty @entity0 were randomized into six groups and administered 160 or 320 mg/kg @entity4 or buffered starch, received either via intravenous injection (i.v.) or via ILuP. Efficacy experiment: @entity0 with unilateral metastases had ILuP with 320 mg/kg @entity4 (maximally tolerated dose administered by ILuP), while @entity0 with bilateral metastases had an i.v. injection of 160 mg/kg @entity4 (maximally tolerated dose given by i.v.). RESULTS: @entity2 experiment: After i.v. treatments, all @entity0 receiving 320 mg/kg @entity4 died within one week, while @entity0 who had received 160 mg/kg @entity4 had a survival rate of 60%. After ILuP with 160 mg/kg @entity4 and 320 mg/kg @entity4 , survival rates were 83% in both groups. A significant increase in collagen deposits was observed for ILuP with 320 mg/kg @entity4 compared to @entity0 treated i.v. with 160 mg/kg @entity4 . Efficacy experiment: Median survival of ILuP @entity0 treated with 320 mg/kg (38 +/- 4 days) was significantly longer compared to i.v. @entity0 treated with 160 mg/kg (27 +/- 2 days; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: ILuP with @entity4 prolongs survival in experimental metastatic @entity3 while no major acute or long term @entity2 is observed.

title: @entity2 and efficacy of isolated lung perfusion with @entity1 in a XXXX model of pulmonary metastases.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 affects @entity0 in time and space and all dimensions of emotional, cognitive and social life. It is, in return, an unprecedented threat for the family, a disaster for each member of the family. Because of the love story, because of the suffering, the disease remains the relationship between @entity0 and caregiver. We try to approach their suffering according to the carer's reports. Our research, conducted with support from France Alzheimer, aims to understand the nuances of the experience of becoming the accompanying @entity0 , drawing on some key moments of this accompaniment. METHODOLOGY: It is through an exploratory research that we met eight caregivers of @entity0 with @entity3 . Among them, seven were the spouses (four of seven @entity0 are @entity0 ), and one was the daughter of a @entity0 . In a clinical psychological environment, we asked each caregiver the same question: "How would you talk about living or having lived @entity3 ?" Our response will only aim to support words of the @entity0 whenever necessary, but will also propose in difficult and particularly challenging moments, the possibility of sharing to enable the @entity0 to verbalize their emotions. RESULTS: The meeting with some caregivers evidenced the preservation of a particular relationship with the @entity0 , relationship within which the caregiver perceives in return the unspeakable weight of a disease, which works silently. @entity3 induces @entity4 and requires great investment by caregivers, which is grafted on an earlier relationship. We should not consider the modifications in a linear relationship @entity0 -caregiver but in a circular relationship, which complicates the relation of the couple and makes it indecisive. The violence of the confrontation with this disease results from multiple factors: social representations, impact of the diagnosis, evolution of the disease, affectivity and permanent interactions, in spite of the non verbal communication of the @entity0 , which associates a love story, behaviour disorders and the impact on the social circle. The family's responses are for example denial, overprotection, mothering and @entity1 in caregiving in order to maintain the relationship. Becoming a caregiver is difficult because of the limit between professional and caregiver. Accompaniment is not a simple role of watching and caring. Because of the love, because of the strength of the communication which continues even in the absence of words, the investment remains massive and @entity3 opens a distance where the relationship, if it is perturbed, is none the less reactivated, and makes the accompaniment possible, however @entity2 it may be.

title: [The mental stress of the accompaniment in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: We report a case of intraoperative @entity2 in a 52-year-old male @entity0 undergoing mitral valve replacement. The @entity0 had persistent @entity4 and was treated with oral anticoagulants and, in spite of well controlled anticoagulation, he suffered a transient @entity1 attack. No @entity3 was found by transthoracic echocardiography. Three weeks later open heart surgery was performed. During valve surgery no thrombus was found in the left atrium. When cardiopulmonary bypass was discontinued the heart function rapidly deteriorated and the heart swelled up, became bluish, with left atrial pressure rising to 40 mm Hg. It was noticed that the anterior surface of the left ventricle was not moving. @entity2 was considered. Multiple thrombi were found and removed from the left anterior coronary artery. After successful thrombectomy the @entity0 came off the pump easily. Early and late postoperative course were uneventful. Intraoperative @entity2 should be considered when cardiac function is deteriorating and there is an inability to wean the @entity0 from the pump. Early and correct diagnosis is lifesaving.

title: Surgically treated intraoperative XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The analysis of complex biological peptide mixtures by tandem mass spectrometry ( @entity0 / @entity0 ) produces a huge body of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 / @entity0 spectra. Several methods have been developed for identifying peptide-spectrum matches (PSMs) by assigning @entity0 / @entity0 spectra to peptides in a database. However, most of these methods either do not give the statistical significance of PSMs (e.g., SEQUEST) or employ time-consuming computational methods to estimate the statistical significance (e.g., PeptideProphet). In this paper, we describe a new algorithm, @entity1 , which can be used to identify PSMs and estimate their accuracy statistically in real time. @entity1 first computes PSM scores between an @entity0 / @entity0 spectrum and a set of candidate peptides whose masses are within a preset tolerance of the @entity0 / @entity0 precursor ion mass. Then the computed PSM scores of all candidate peptides are employed to fit the expectation value distribution of the scores into a second-degree polynomial function in PSM score. The statistical significance of the best PSM is estimated by extrapolating the fitting polynomial function to the best PSM score. @entity1 was tested on two pairs of @entity0 / @entity0 spectrum datasets and protein databases to investigate its performance. The @entity0 / @entity0 spectra were acquired using an ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with a nano-electrospray ionization source. The results show that @entity1 has good sensitivity and specificity. Using a 55,577-entry protein database and running on a standard Pentium-4, 2.8-GHz CPU personal computer, @entity1 can process peptide spectra on a sequential, one-by-one basis in 0.047 s on average, compared to more than 7 s per spectrum on average for Sequest and X!Tandem, in their current batch-mode processing implementations. @entity1 is clearly shown to be fast enough for real-time PSM assignment of @entity0 / @entity0 spectra generated every 3 s or so by a 3D ion trap or by a QqTOF instrument.

title: XXXX , a real-time program for peptide-spectrum matching with statistical significance.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity6 have dramatically declined as a cause of @entity1 in the general population, they remain a major cause of mortality in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Moreover, the response to vaccination is profoundly impaired in this population. Dendritic cells ( @entity9 ) are the major antigen-presenting cells that bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses. Activation of @entity9 by pathogens results in secretion of inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules. The activated @entity9 prime na  ve T and B cells to the captured antigens. METHODS: Using flow cytometry, the number and phenotype of circulating @entity9 [myeloid @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and plasmacytoid @entity9 (pDC)] were quantified in pre- and post-dialysis blood samples from 20 @entity3 @entity0 maintained on haemodialysis. Ten normal individuals served as controls. In addition, the level of @entity9 activation and their response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were determined by assessing expression of co-stimulatory molecule, @entity7 , and @entity5 , HLA-DR, as well as production of @entity2 , @entity8 and @entity4 . RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the circulating dendritic cell count was significantly reduced in the @entity3 @entity0 before dialysis and declined further after dialysis. The reduction in pDC numbers was more striking than @entity9 . The magnitude of the LPS-induced up-regulation of @entity7 was comparable among the study groups as well as pre- and post-dialysis samples. However, LPS-induced @entity2 production was significantly reduced in the post-dialysis samples with no significant difference in @entity10 productions among the study groups and in pre- and post-dialysis samples. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 results in significant @entity9 depletion which is largely due to diminished plasmacytoid @entity9 subset. Haemodialysis procedure intensifies @entity9 depletion and impairs LPS-induced @entity2 production.

title: Effects of XXXX and haemodialysis on dendritic cell subsets and basal and LPS-stimulated cytokine production.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Leukocyte populations change profoundly in the @entity0 endometrium during the menstrual cycle. However the predominant cell, the uterine natural killer (uNK) cell does not contain @entity1 receptors. From gene array analysis we identified a transcript encoding chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 ( @entity3 ) which is markedly up-regulated in the secretory phase of the cycle. We confirm this data by northern blotting and quantitative PCR. Using in situ hybridization we localized @entity3 mRNA to the glandular epithelial cells where it was detected only in the secretory phase of the cycle. Candidate @entity2 response elements were identified at positions -2028/-2007 and -722/-697 (PRE1 and PRE2, respectively) relative to the translation start site. These were functionally tested using luciferase reporter deletion constructs, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and site-directed mutagenesis. The deletion/mutation of these sites reduced @entity2 induction by 40 and 20%, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that recombinant @entity3 stimulated uNK cell chemotaxis in vitro. We therefore conclude that @entity3 is likely to be regulated by @entity2 in @entity0 endometrium and that it may exert a chemoattractive effect on uNK cells and in part be responsible for their clustering around the epithelial glands.

title: Progestin regulates chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 transcript level in XXXX endometrium.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To investigate the differently expressed genes in @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: The integrated approach for gene expression profiling that couples suppression subtractive hybridization, high-throughput cDNA array, sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out. A set of cDNA clones including 1260 SSH inserts amplified by PCR was arrayed using robotic printing. The cDNA arrays were hybridized with fluorescent-labeled probes prepared from RNA of @entity0 @entity1 (HCRAC) and normal colorectal tissues. RESULTS: A total of 86 genes were identified, 16 unknown genes and 70 known genes. The transcription factor Somult9 influencing cell differentiation was downregulated. At the same time, @entity2 protein 10 KDis downregulated and Calmoulin is up-regulated. CONCLUSION: Downregulation of @entity2 protein 10 KD lost its inhibition of Ras, and then attenuated the Ras GTPase signaling pathway, increased cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. Down-regulated transcription factor Somult9 influences cell differentiation and cell-specific gene expression. Down-regulated Somult9 also decreases its binding to calmodulin, accumulates calmodulin as receptor-activated kinase and phosphorylase kinase due to the activation of PhK.

title: Identification of differently expressed genes in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To investigate the differently expressed genes in @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: The integrated approach for gene expression profiling that couples suppression subtractive hybridization, high-throughput cDNA array, sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out. A set of cDNA clones including 1260 SSH inserts amplified by PCR was arrayed using robotic printing. The cDNA arrays were hybridized with fluorescent-labeled probes prepared from RNA of @entity0 @entity1 (HCRAC) and normal colorectal tissues. RESULTS: A total of 86 genes were identified, 16 unknown genes and 70 known genes. The transcription factor Somult9 influencing cell differentiation was downregulated. At the same time, @entity2 protein 10 KDis downregulated and Calmoulin is up-regulated. CONCLUSION: Downregulation of @entity2 protein 10 KD lost its inhibition of Ras, and then attenuated the Ras GTPase signaling pathway, increased cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. Down-regulated transcription factor Somult9 influences cell differentiation and cell-specific gene expression. Down-regulated Somult9 also decreases its binding to calmodulin, accumulates calmodulin as receptor-activated kinase and phosphorylase kinase due to the activation of PhK.

title: Identification of differently expressed genes in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the early 1960's lymphography was received enthusiastically. Expectations were high that a very accurate diagnostic method for the detection of @entity1 had been found. This enthusiasm subsided after it became apparent that small lesions could not be discerned and that the images demonstrated were frequently nonspecific. Better correlation was achieved with advanced stages of @entity2 but because the presence of @entity1 was usually already known, it was questionable if the lymphogram contributed much to the management of the @entity0 . In recent years, after the examination was placed in its proper prospective, the value and status of lymphography in @entity0 with @entity2 were reassessed. The radiographic findings were divided into direct, or actual demonstration of metastastases, and indirect changes--those changes resulting from replacement of lymph nodes or blockage of the vessels by @entity1 . Lymphography proved particularly valuable in the diagnosis and staging of @entity0 with @entity2 arising from such organs as cervix, uterus, vulva, ovary, and from @entity2 arising from the prostate, testicles, and penis. It also proved valuable in the assessment of extension of disease in @entity3 of the extremities. The value of the positive lymphogram is easy to assess. However, when one encounters a "normal" lymphogram, one must realize that this does not exclude the presence of @entity1 ; it merely demonstrates that the the time of the study no lesions were recognized in visualized lymph nodes. Therefore, the negative lymphogram should not result in any modification of treatment which would have been prescribed under the same clinical circumstances if one did not have the lymphogram at hand.

title: Current status of lymphography in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the early 1960's lymphography was received enthusiastically. Expectations were high that a very accurate diagnostic method for the detection of @entity1 had been found. This enthusiasm subsided after it became apparent that small lesions could not be discerned and that the images demonstrated were frequently nonspecific. Better correlation was achieved with advanced stages of @entity2 but because the presence of @entity1 was usually already known, it was questionable if the lymphogram contributed much to the management of the @entity0 . In recent years, after the examination was placed in its proper prospective, the value and status of lymphography in @entity0 with @entity2 were reassessed. The radiographic findings were divided into direct, or actual demonstration of metastastases, and indirect changes--those changes resulting from replacement of lymph nodes or blockage of the vessels by @entity1 . Lymphography proved particularly valuable in the diagnosis and staging of @entity0 with @entity2 arising from such organs as cervix, uterus, vulva, ovary, and from @entity2 arising from the prostate, testicles, and penis. It also proved valuable in the assessment of extension of disease in @entity3 of the extremities. The value of the positive lymphogram is easy to assess. However, when one encounters a "normal" lymphogram, one must realize that this does not exclude the presence of @entity1 ; it merely demonstrates that the the time of the study no lesions were recognized in visualized lymph nodes. Therefore, the negative lymphogram should not result in any modification of treatment which would have been prescribed under the same clinical circumstances if one did not have the lymphogram at hand.

title: Current status of lymphography in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0