abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of Ticagrelor on intra- and @entity4 in @entity0 undergoing coronary bypass surgery. METHODS: For this study, @entity0 who underwent on-pump or off-pump coronary bypass surgery with preoperative @entity2 ( @entity7 ) and Ticagrelor administration, between January 2014 and December 2014, were included. In the matched control group, continued dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) consisted of @entity6 and @entity7 . A total of 28 consecutive @entity0 (24 males; 73    6.6 years) with preoperative Ticagrelor intake underwent elective (n = 22), urgent (n = 2) or emergency (n = 4) cardiac bypass surgery. The @entity1 , red blood cell units given and intra- and @entity4 were documented. To evaluate the effect of Ticagrelor treatment on @entity5 during and after coronary bypass surgery in a non-randomized study, we used a case-matched analysis. RESULTS: Baseline parameters showed no important differences between the study group and the control group regarding the matching variables, left ventricular function, preoperative clinical status and risk stratification. The preoperative laboratory analysis showed no important differences regarding coagulation and blood cell count parameters. Overall @entity3 was significantly higher in the study group with a mean loss of 1028.8    735.5 ml (P = 0.0002). Accordingly, units of red blood cells administered were also significantly higher in the study group (P = 0.0002). In the Ticagrelor group, there were six rethoracotomies due to @entity1 with a @entity3 of more than 1200 ml in the first 3 h. With no rethoracotomies in the @entity6 group, this also showed statistical significance for the postoperative course (P = 0.02). There were no differences found regarding ICU stay and ventilation time. Comparing the mean hospital stay, the study group presented a significantly longer stay than the control group (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Recent studies about @entity5 complications in @entity0 with Ticagrelor intake undergoing CABG in a real-life scenario presented inconsistent data. We were able to show in a case-matched analysis that Ticagrelor administration leads to significantly higher @entity3 , more red blood cell units transfused and a higher rate of rethoracotomies. The data also present a longer hospital stay to the disadvantage of the study group. Consequently, Ticagrelor intake before CABG procedures should be avoided or at least discontinued 3 days before cardiac surgery.

title: Preoperative Ticagrelor administration leads to a higher risk of XXXX during and after coronary bypass surgery in a case-matched analysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Between March 1981 and March 1985, 76 @entity0 with @entity7 were treated with @entity3 (120 mg/kg), 12 or 14 @entity1 , and an HLA-identical sibling marrow transplant. Forty-seven @entity0 had @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and 29 had @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Forty-one were transplanted during first remission and 28 during or after first relapse of their disease. An additional six @entity0 were transplanted because their @entity5 was refractory to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, and one was transplanted as initial therapy. Actuarial 42 month survival for those transplanted during first remission was 47% and for those transplanted in first relapse or later it was 22% (p = 0.02). There was no difference in either group between those with @entity4 and those with @entity4 . Two of the six @entity0 with @entity5 are alive more than 22 and more than 15 months after the transplant. The incidence of @entity6 and @entity2 was 90% and 39%, respectively, for the first remission group, and 96% and 37% for those transplanted in first relapse or later. There was no significant difference in transplant-related mortality between the two groups (29% and 43%, respectively). The @entity5 recurrence rate, however, was 13% for those transplanted in first remission and 67% for those transplanted in first relapse or later (p = 0.0003). Thus, the major factor determining the incidence of @entity5 recurrence and survival after transplant was the status of the @entity5 at the time of transplantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The impact of XXXX status at the time of HLA-identical sibling marrow transplantation on subsequent complication rate and survival of adults with @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Between March 1981 and March 1985, 76 @entity0 with @entity7 were treated with @entity3 (120 mg/kg), 12 or 14 @entity1 , and an HLA-identical sibling marrow transplant. Forty-seven @entity0 had @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and 29 had @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Forty-one were transplanted during first remission and 28 during or after first relapse of their disease. An additional six @entity0 were transplanted because their @entity5 was refractory to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, and one was transplanted as initial therapy. Actuarial 42 month survival for those transplanted during first remission was 47% and for those transplanted in first relapse or later it was 22% (p = 0.02). There was no difference in either group between those with @entity4 and those with @entity4 . Two of the six @entity0 with @entity5 are alive more than 22 and more than 15 months after the transplant. The incidence of @entity6 and @entity2 was 90% and 39%, respectively, for the first remission group, and 96% and 37% for those transplanted in first relapse or later. There was no significant difference in transplant-related mortality between the two groups (29% and 43%, respectively). The @entity5 recurrence rate, however, was 13% for those transplanted in first remission and 67% for those transplanted in first relapse or later (p = 0.0003). Thus, the major factor determining the incidence of @entity5 recurrence and survival after transplant was the status of the @entity5 at the time of transplantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The impact of @entity5 status at the time of HLA-identical sibling marrow transplantation on subsequent complication rate and survival of adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) biofilm infections of indwelling medical devices are a major medical challenge due to their high prevalence and antibiotic resistance. As fibrin plays an important role in @entity2 biofilm formation, we hypothesize that coating with fibrinolytic agents on the surface of implants can be used as a new anti-biofilm prophylaxis. METHODS: The effect of tissue plasminogen activator ( @entity5 ) coating on @entity2 biofilm formation was tested with in vitro microplate biofilm assays and an in vivo @entity0 model of @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity5 coating efficiently inhibited biofilm formation by various @entity2 strains. The effect was dependent on plasminogen activation by @entity5 , leading to subsequent local fibrin cleavage. @entity5 coating on implant surfaces prevented both the early adhesion and the later biomass accumulation. Furthermore, @entity5 coating increased susceptibility of biofilm infections to antibiotics. In vivo, significantly less bacteria were detected on the surface of implants coated with @entity5 compared to control implants from @entity0 treated with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Fibrinolytic coatings (e.g. with @entity5 ) reduce @entity2 biofilm formation both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a novel concept to prevent @entity3 on indwelling medical devices.

title: Tissue plasminogen activator coating on surface of implants reduces XXXX biofilm formation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The present study was to investigate the effects of @entity6 (Agm) on free intracellular @entity2 concentration ([ @entity1 ]( i )) of isolated @entity0 ventricular myocytes. [ @entity1 ]( i ) was measured by confocal microscopy in single @entity0 ventricular myocytes which were dissociated by enzymatic dissociation method and loaded with @entity4 . The changes in [ @entity1 ]( i ) were represented by fluorescence intensity (FI) or relative fluorescence intensity (F/F(0)%). The results showed that the control level of FI value of single @entity0 ventricular myocytes was 128.8+/-13.8 and 119.6+/-13.6 in the presence of normal Tyrode's solution containing @entity1 1.0 mmol/L and @entity1 -free Tyrode's solution, respectively. There was no difference between these two groups (P>0.05). Agm 0.1, 1, and 10 mmol/L significantly reduced the [ @entity1 ]( i ) in both extracellular solutions in a concentration-dependent manner. The similar effect of Agm on [ @entity1 ]( i ) was also observed in the presence of EGTA 3 mmol/L. KCl 60 mmol/L, PE 30 micromol/L, and @entity7 10 micromol/L, all these substances induced [ @entity1 ]( i ) elevations in ventricular myocytes. Agm (0.1, 1, and 10 mmol/L) markedly inhibited the increase in [ @entity1 ]( i ) induced by @entity5 , @entity3 (PE), and @entity7 . When @entity1 waves were produced by increasing extracellular @entity1 concentration from 1 to 10 mmol/L, 1 mmol/L Agm could block the propagating waves of elevated [ @entity1 ]( i ), and reduce the velocity and duration of propagating waves. These results suggest that Agm possesses an inhibitory effects on [ @entity1 ]( i ) via blocking voltage-dependent @entity1 channel, and possibly by alleviating @entity2 release from SR in single isolated @entity0 ventricular myocytes.

title: Effect of XXXX on intracellular free @entity2 concentration in isolated @entity0 ventricular myocytes.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The present study was to investigate the effects of @entity6 (Agm) on free intracellular @entity2 concentration ([ @entity1 ]( i )) of isolated @entity0 ventricular myocytes. [ @entity1 ]( i ) was measured by confocal microscopy in single @entity0 ventricular myocytes which were dissociated by enzymatic dissociation method and loaded with @entity4 . The changes in [ @entity1 ]( i ) were represented by fluorescence intensity (FI) or relative fluorescence intensity (F/F(0)%). The results showed that the control level of FI value of single @entity0 ventricular myocytes was 128.8+/-13.8 and 119.6+/-13.6 in the presence of normal Tyrode's solution containing @entity1 1.0 mmol/L and @entity1 -free Tyrode's solution, respectively. There was no difference between these two groups (P>0.05). Agm 0.1, 1, and 10 mmol/L significantly reduced the [ @entity1 ]( i ) in both extracellular solutions in a concentration-dependent manner. The similar effect of Agm on [ @entity1 ]( i ) was also observed in the presence of EGTA 3 mmol/L. KCl 60 mmol/L, PE 30 micromol/L, and @entity7 10 micromol/L, all these substances induced [ @entity1 ]( i ) elevations in ventricular myocytes. Agm (0.1, 1, and 10 mmol/L) markedly inhibited the increase in [ @entity1 ]( i ) induced by @entity5 , @entity3 (PE), and @entity7 . When @entity1 waves were produced by increasing extracellular @entity1 concentration from 1 to 10 mmol/L, 1 mmol/L Agm could block the propagating waves of elevated [ @entity1 ]( i ), and reduce the velocity and duration of propagating waves. These results suggest that Agm possesses an inhibitory effects on [ @entity1 ]( i ) via blocking voltage-dependent @entity1 channel, and possibly by alleviating @entity2 release from SR in single isolated @entity0 ventricular myocytes.

title: Effect of @entity6 on intracellular free XXXX concentration in isolated @entity0 ventricular myocytes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The present study was to investigate the effects of @entity6 (Agm) on free intracellular @entity2 concentration ([ @entity1 ]( i )) of isolated @entity0 ventricular myocytes. [ @entity1 ]( i ) was measured by confocal microscopy in single @entity0 ventricular myocytes which were dissociated by enzymatic dissociation method and loaded with @entity4 . The changes in [ @entity1 ]( i ) were represented by fluorescence intensity (FI) or relative fluorescence intensity (F/F(0)%). The results showed that the control level of FI value of single @entity0 ventricular myocytes was 128.8+/-13.8 and 119.6+/-13.6 in the presence of normal Tyrode's solution containing @entity1 1.0 mmol/L and @entity1 -free Tyrode's solution, respectively. There was no difference between these two groups (P>0.05). Agm 0.1, 1, and 10 mmol/L significantly reduced the [ @entity1 ]( i ) in both extracellular solutions in a concentration-dependent manner. The similar effect of Agm on [ @entity1 ]( i ) was also observed in the presence of EGTA 3 mmol/L. KCl 60 mmol/L, PE 30 micromol/L, and @entity7 10 micromol/L, all these substances induced [ @entity1 ]( i ) elevations in ventricular myocytes. Agm (0.1, 1, and 10 mmol/L) markedly inhibited the increase in [ @entity1 ]( i ) induced by @entity5 , @entity3 (PE), and @entity7 . When @entity1 waves were produced by increasing extracellular @entity1 concentration from 1 to 10 mmol/L, 1 mmol/L Agm could block the propagating waves of elevated [ @entity1 ]( i ), and reduce the velocity and duration of propagating waves. These results suggest that Agm possesses an inhibitory effects on [ @entity1 ]( i ) via blocking voltage-dependent @entity1 channel, and possibly by alleviating @entity2 release from SR in single isolated @entity0 ventricular myocytes.

title: Effect of @entity6 on intracellular free @entity2 concentration in isolated XXXX ventricular myocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Faecal microbiota transplantation is a successful therapy for @entity0 with refractory @entity5 infections. It has also been suggested as a treatment option for @entity1 , given the role of the intestinal microbiota in this disease. We assessed the impact of faecal microbiota transplantation in @entity0 with @entity1 and studied predictors of clinical (non-)response in microbial profiles of donors and @entity0 . METHODS: Fourteen refractory @entity0 (8 with @entity3 and 6 with @entity2 ) underwent ileocolonoscopy with faecal microbiota transplantation through a nasojejunal (n = 9) or rectal (n = 5) tube. Efficacy was assessed by endoscopic healing at week 8, clinical activity scores and @entity4 measurement. Faecal microbiota was analysed by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing. RESULTS: There was no significant improvement among the 6 @entity0 with @entity2 at week 8 following faecal microbiota transplantation. One @entity0 experienced temporary clinical remission for 6 weeks. In contrast, 2/8 @entity0 with @entity3 had endoscopic remission at week 8, and of the 6 remaining @entity0 with @entity3 , 1 reported temporary remission for 6 weeks. The donor microbiota richness and the number of transferred phylotypes were associated with treatment success. Persistent increased @entity4 2 weeks after transplantation was predictive of failure of response. CONCLUSION: Faecal microbiota transplantation led to endoscopic and long-term (>2 years) remission in 2 out of 8 @entity3 @entity0 . Higher donor richness was associated with successful transplant. Therefore, faecal microbiota transplantation with donor prescreening could be a treatment option for selected refractory @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Donor Species Richness Determines Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Success in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In subjects with @entity7 , positron emission tomography (PET) with @entity6 has shown prefrontal cortical @entity2 , including in a subgenual region in subjects with @entity3 . The authors applied a dl- @entity8 challenge method to study metabolic response in this region to serotonergic challenge in @entity4 . METHOD: The study group consisted of 19 @entity4 subjects with major @entity4 or @entity1 , all of whom had at least one first-degree relative with history of @entity4 , and 10 healthy volunteers with similar age and gender distributions. PET images were acquired under placebo and challenge conditions, and volumetric MRI scans were also obtained. Group comparisons of metabolic and volumetric data were performed. Ratings of acute mood change during serotonergic challenge were compared with the imaging data. RESULTS: Within Brodmann's area 32, a @entity5 metabolism deficit in the @entity4 subjects on placebo day was observed by voxel-level analysis, but no volumetric deficit was found in the subgenual regions examined. Under challenge, both groups suppressed metabolism similarly. Within the @entity0 group, the correlation between acute mood improvement during challenge and greater metabolic suppression approached significance. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity7 , a ventromedial prefrontal cortical @entity2 is not due to altered structural volume, and the response to serotonergic challenge appears predictive of acute mood response. The potential to predict treatment response can be tested by a combined challenge and treatment study.

title: Response of cortical metabolic deficits to serotonergic challenge in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The effect of @entity4 , a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on a transplantable @entity2 in Fischer @entity1 was studied. Forty male Fischer @entity1 were injected with 1 X 10(6) DMH-F317 @entity2 cells, and after 2 weeks were assigned to be treated with @entity4 or carrier solution. The groups were as follows: Group 1, control; Group 2, 4.0 mg/kg @entity4 ; Group 3, 6.0 mg/kg @entity4 ; and Group 4, 8.0 mg/kg @entity4 . Thirty-nine of forty @entity1 developed measurable @entity0 during this study. At the conclusion, 60% (6/10) of the @entity1 in Group 2 were @entity0 free compared to 0/10 controls, 0/10 Group 3 @entity1 , and 1/8 Group 4 @entity1 . (P less than 0.005, chi 2). Mean @entity0 volumes (mm3) were calculated for each group and converted to log10. At Week 6, the mean log10 @entity0 volume (+/- SEM) for Group 2 was 1.5 +/- 0.6 vs 4.1 +/- 0.1 for Group 1 (P less than 0.05). The mean log10 volume for Group 3 was 3.8 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.05 vs Group 2). The mean log10 volume for Group 4 was 3.4 +/- 0.05 and was not significantly different from that for Group 2 (P greater than 0.05). Plasma @entity3 levels for each treatment group were determined at the conclusion of the study and no statistical difference between treatment groups was found. It is concluded that @entity4 inhibits @entity0 growth in this model, and may have a role as a biological response modifier in @entity0 therapy.

title: XXXX inhibits the growth of an @entity2 isograft in Fischer @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effect of @entity4 , a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on a transplantable @entity2 in Fischer @entity1 was studied. Forty male Fischer @entity1 were injected with 1 X 10(6) DMH-F317 @entity2 cells, and after 2 weeks were assigned to be treated with @entity4 or carrier solution. The groups were as follows: Group 1, control; Group 2, 4.0 mg/kg @entity4 ; Group 3, 6.0 mg/kg @entity4 ; and Group 4, 8.0 mg/kg @entity4 . Thirty-nine of forty @entity1 developed measurable @entity0 during this study. At the conclusion, 60% (6/10) of the @entity1 in Group 2 were @entity0 free compared to 0/10 controls, 0/10 Group 3 @entity1 , and 1/8 Group 4 @entity1 . (P less than 0.005, chi 2). Mean @entity0 volumes (mm3) were calculated for each group and converted to log10. At Week 6, the mean log10 @entity0 volume (+/- SEM) for Group 2 was 1.5 +/- 0.6 vs 4.1 +/- 0.1 for Group 1 (P less than 0.05). The mean log10 volume for Group 3 was 3.8 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.05 vs Group 2). The mean log10 volume for Group 4 was 3.4 +/- 0.05 and was not significantly different from that for Group 2 (P greater than 0.05). Plasma @entity3 levels for each treatment group were determined at the conclusion of the study and no statistical difference between treatment groups was found. It is concluded that @entity4 inhibits @entity0 growth in this model, and may have a role as a biological response modifier in @entity0 therapy.

title: @entity4 inhibits the growth of an XXXX isograft in Fischer @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effect of @entity4 , a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on a transplantable @entity2 in Fischer @entity1 was studied. Forty male Fischer @entity1 were injected with 1 X 10(6) DMH-F317 @entity2 cells, and after 2 weeks were assigned to be treated with @entity4 or carrier solution. The groups were as follows: Group 1, control; Group 2, 4.0 mg/kg @entity4 ; Group 3, 6.0 mg/kg @entity4 ; and Group 4, 8.0 mg/kg @entity4 . Thirty-nine of forty @entity1 developed measurable @entity0 during this study. At the conclusion, 60% (6/10) of the @entity1 in Group 2 were @entity0 free compared to 0/10 controls, 0/10 Group 3 @entity1 , and 1/8 Group 4 @entity1 . (P less than 0.005, chi 2). Mean @entity0 volumes (mm3) were calculated for each group and converted to log10. At Week 6, the mean log10 @entity0 volume (+/- SEM) for Group 2 was 1.5 +/- 0.6 vs 4.1 +/- 0.1 for Group 1 (P less than 0.05). The mean log10 volume for Group 3 was 3.8 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.05 vs Group 2). The mean log10 volume for Group 4 was 3.4 +/- 0.05 and was not significantly different from that for Group 2 (P greater than 0.05). Plasma @entity3 levels for each treatment group were determined at the conclusion of the study and no statistical difference between treatment groups was found. It is concluded that @entity4 inhibits @entity0 growth in this model, and may have a role as a biological response modifier in @entity0 therapy.

title: @entity4 inhibits the growth of an @entity2 isograft in Fischer XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 during @entity5 before engraftment was studied in 86 consecutively treated @entity0 undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Eighty-four of the 86 @entity0 experienced 132 febrile episodes. Only 26% of the @entity0 had one fever which resolved with antibiotics. The rest required modification of antimicrobial therapy because of refractory fever (32%) or recurrent fevers (42%). The 121 fevers which occurred during @entity5 were analyzed to determine differences between first and subsequent fevers (79 and 42 episodes, respectively). The frequency of @entity3 (23%) and defervescence (64%) did not differ between first and subsequent fevers. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was identified in 75% of first fever but in only 28% of subsequent fevers (P = 0.000002). Of the @entity2 identified, oropharyngeal mucosal disease accounted for 68% during first fever but only 38% during subsequent fevers (P = 0.02). Although @entity3 in first fever was more frequently associated with @entity2 than @entity3 in subsequent fevers (61% versus 10%, P = 0.01), overall, @entity0 with @entity2 had a lower frequency of @entity3 than those without (17% versus 32%, P = 0.04). Gram-negative pathogens were uniformly @entity4 sensitive in @entity3 during first fever but were mostly @entity4 -resistant in @entity3 during subsequent fevers (P = 0.01).

title: Differences between first and subsequent fevers during prolonged XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The etiology of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has remained obscured. There have been studies to show the association of @entity3 like herpes simplex, @entity2 , and @entity5 however, the findings are rather controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected 55 @entity0 with the best matched symptoms of @entity1 and measured the loads of @entity5 DNA in their plasma by quantitative real time PCR and verified their seropositivity by ELISA. All findings were compared to the results from 42 healthy @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity0 showed a wide spectrum of @entity1 symptoms. Serologic studies showed high prevalence of @entity5 IgG among the tested @entity0 which was not statistically different with the healthy population (72.7% vs. 85.7%, respectively). Similarly, the prevalence of @entity5 IgM between @entity0 and controls was not different (18% vs. 11.9%, respectively). No correlation was found between the presence of anti- @entity5 antibodies and the clinical observations. Only one @entity0 from the @entity0 and control groups had detectable levels of @entity5 DNA without any difference or correlation with the disease symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our data could not establish an association between @entity5 parvovirus infection and @entity1 , although there have been reports of such correlation. Nevertheless, there might be indirect relation in genetically susceptible individuals after @entity4 . More studies on designed animal models and surveys on @entity0 should be done to resolve this controversy.

title: No Definite Association between XXXX Infection and Beh  et Disease.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 is a potentially lethal syndrome that can be triggered by inhaled anesthetics. Thus, it may be appropriate to utilize equipment that minimizes exposure of susceptible @entity0 to inhaled anesthetics. The rate of release of anesthetic stored in anesthesia delivery systems is unknown. To determine residual anesthetic concentrations, the washout rates of @entity2 and @entity3 were compared, and the effects of a 1-l/min and a 10-l/min fresh gas flow were evaluated. @entity2 concentrations were also measured in samples taken from the fresh gas outlet and the Y-piece of the circle system during four separate studies in which various components of the anesthesia system were replaced. In each study an Ohio Modulus anesthesia machine equipped with an Air-Shields ventilator was exposed to 2% @entity2 for 18 h. Anesthetic concentrations were determined by a gas chromatograph having a sensitivity of 0.1 ppm. @entity3 washed out 3-4 times faster than @entity2 . Residual @entity2 concentration was approximately equal to tenfold greater when the fresh gas flow was 1 l/min rather than 10 l/min: 194 versus 19 ppm after 1 h of washout. Using a 10-l/min fresh gas flow, @entity2 concentrations in samples obtained from the Y-piece were similar with original or fresh soda lime but were more than tenfold lower after the fresh gas outlet hose and circle system were replaced (approximately equal to 50 ppm vs. approximately equal to 5 ppm after 5 min of washout).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Preparation of anesthesia machines for XXXX susceptible to malignant hyperthermia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity4 antagonists @entity10 , @entity6 and @entity9 are widely used in the treatment of @entity3 , arterial @entity2 , certain supraventricular @entity5 and obstructive @entity7 . During recent years their pharmacokinetic properties and metabolism have been studied in more detail. Although these 3 @entity4 antagonists exhibit great diversity in chemical structure, they exhibit common pharmacokinetic properties. These drugs are extensively metabolised and only traces of unchanged drugs are eliminated in urine. Their systemic plasma clearances are high and dependent on liver blood flow. Therefore, their bioavailabilities ( @entity10 40 to 50%; @entity6 40 to 50%; @entity9 10 to 30%) are low despite almost complete absorption following oral administration. During long term treatment, oral clearance decreases and bioavailability increases due to saturation of hepatic first-pass metabolism. Pronounced intra- and inter-individual variations in clearance and bioavailability are observed. In @entity0 with @entity8 the various pharmacokinetic parameters are grossly altered. Clearance decreases, elimination half-life is substantially prolonged, and bioavailability more than doubles. In addition, the volume of distribution increases. Whereas @entity1 has no impact on the pharmacokinetics of @entity10 and @entity9 , elimination half-life of @entity6 increases in relation to the degree of @entity1 due to an increase in volume of distribution. Systemic clearance, however, remains unchanged. The data so far available indicate that the plasma concentrations of these drugs correlate with both their electrophysiological and haemodynamic effects. However, no effective therapeutic plasma concentration range has been firmly established. As reliable clinical end-points are available for dose titration of @entity4 antagonists, it is doubtful whether therapeutic drug monitoring will be of great value. @entity4 antagonists are often administered in combination with a variety of other drugs. Thus, the potential for both pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug interaction exists. The interaction between @entity11 and these drugs is of clinical importance. @entity9 and @entity10 cause a significant increase in plasma @entity11 concentrations. In contrast, @entity6 does not lead to a significant increase in the plasma @entity11 concentration. The mechanism responsible for this interaction is inhibition of both renal and non-renal @entity11 clearance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Clinical pharmacokinetics of XXXX , @entity6 and @entity10 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: The @entity4 antagonists @entity10 , @entity6 and @entity9 are widely used in the treatment of @entity3 , arterial @entity2 , certain supraventricular @entity5 and obstructive @entity7 . During recent years their pharmacokinetic properties and metabolism have been studied in more detail. Although these 3 @entity4 antagonists exhibit great diversity in chemical structure, they exhibit common pharmacokinetic properties. These drugs are extensively metabolised and only traces of unchanged drugs are eliminated in urine. Their systemic plasma clearances are high and dependent on liver blood flow. Therefore, their bioavailabilities ( @entity10 40 to 50%; @entity6 40 to 50%; @entity9 10 to 30%) are low despite almost complete absorption following oral administration. During long term treatment, oral clearance decreases and bioavailability increases due to saturation of hepatic first-pass metabolism. Pronounced intra- and inter-individual variations in clearance and bioavailability are observed. In @entity0 with @entity8 the various pharmacokinetic parameters are grossly altered. Clearance decreases, elimination half-life is substantially prolonged, and bioavailability more than doubles. In addition, the volume of distribution increases. Whereas @entity1 has no impact on the pharmacokinetics of @entity10 and @entity9 , elimination half-life of @entity6 increases in relation to the degree of @entity1 due to an increase in volume of distribution. Systemic clearance, however, remains unchanged. The data so far available indicate that the plasma concentrations of these drugs correlate with both their electrophysiological and haemodynamic effects. However, no effective therapeutic plasma concentration range has been firmly established. As reliable clinical end-points are available for dose titration of @entity4 antagonists, it is doubtful whether therapeutic drug monitoring will be of great value. @entity4 antagonists are often administered in combination with a variety of other drugs. Thus, the potential for both pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug interaction exists. The interaction between @entity11 and these drugs is of clinical importance. @entity9 and @entity10 cause a significant increase in plasma @entity11 concentrations. In contrast, @entity6 does not lead to a significant increase in the plasma @entity11 concentration. The mechanism responsible for this interaction is inhibition of both renal and non-renal @entity11 clearance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Clinical pharmacokinetics of @entity9 , @entity6 and XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: The @entity4 antagonists @entity10 , @entity6 and @entity9 are widely used in the treatment of @entity3 , arterial @entity2 , certain supraventricular @entity5 and obstructive @entity7 . During recent years their pharmacokinetic properties and metabolism have been studied in more detail. Although these 3 @entity4 antagonists exhibit great diversity in chemical structure, they exhibit common pharmacokinetic properties. These drugs are extensively metabolised and only traces of unchanged drugs are eliminated in urine. Their systemic plasma clearances are high and dependent on liver blood flow. Therefore, their bioavailabilities ( @entity10 40 to 50%; @entity6 40 to 50%; @entity9 10 to 30%) are low despite almost complete absorption following oral administration. During long term treatment, oral clearance decreases and bioavailability increases due to saturation of hepatic first-pass metabolism. Pronounced intra- and inter-individual variations in clearance and bioavailability are observed. In @entity0 with @entity8 the various pharmacokinetic parameters are grossly altered. Clearance decreases, elimination half-life is substantially prolonged, and bioavailability more than doubles. In addition, the volume of distribution increases. Whereas @entity1 has no impact on the pharmacokinetics of @entity10 and @entity9 , elimination half-life of @entity6 increases in relation to the degree of @entity1 due to an increase in volume of distribution. Systemic clearance, however, remains unchanged. The data so far available indicate that the plasma concentrations of these drugs correlate with both their electrophysiological and haemodynamic effects. However, no effective therapeutic plasma concentration range has been firmly established. As reliable clinical end-points are available for dose titration of @entity4 antagonists, it is doubtful whether therapeutic drug monitoring will be of great value. @entity4 antagonists are often administered in combination with a variety of other drugs. Thus, the potential for both pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug interaction exists. The interaction between @entity11 and these drugs is of clinical importance. @entity9 and @entity10 cause a significant increase in plasma @entity11 concentrations. In contrast, @entity6 does not lead to a significant increase in the plasma @entity11 concentration. The mechanism responsible for this interaction is inhibition of both renal and non-renal @entity11 clearance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Clinical pharmacokinetics of @entity9 , XXXX and @entity10 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECT: The technical advances associated with the model C gamma knife include a robotized system enabling automatic positioning of the stereotactic coordinates. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical impact of this technical modification. METHODS: The authors studied a sample of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). This sample included three groups treated using gamma knife radiosurgery. Group I comprised 21 @entity0 with @entity3 treated just before the installation of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Group II included @entity0 in Group I with new dose plans created using the @entity2 (in other words, simulated dose plans). Group III consisted of a control group of 20 @entity0 matched for @entity1 grade with the previous group and treated recently with the @entity2 . Treatment times were calculated after correcting the time for each shot according to the age of the sources after reloading. The treatment times, including total time, irradiation time, and duration of the neurosurgical procedure, were analyzed. In addition, dose planning including number of isocenters, number of different collimators, malfunctions, and the conformity and selectivity indices were recorded. The trend was to reduce the mean number of collimator runs from 7.9 to 1.2 and to increase the mean number of shots from 7.9 to 15.6, mostly by using the 4-mm collimator exclusively. The @entity2 -related conformity and selectivity were improved from 95 to 97% and from 78 to 84%, respectively. The total treatment time was reduced by 53%, and time required to interact with the @entity0 in the room was considerably reduced (75%), giving the neurosurgeon greater freedom to perform other tasks during the treatment period. The reduction of the time spent by the neurosurgeon at work in the room was 84%. The total radiation time was increased by 54%. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results of this study indicate that the robotization of the gamma knife is likely a major advance in radiosurgery.

title: Impact of the model C and @entity2 on gamma knife radiosurgery: an evaluation in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECT: The technical advances associated with the model C gamma knife include a robotized system enabling automatic positioning of the stereotactic coordinates. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical impact of this technical modification. METHODS: The authors studied a sample of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). This sample included three groups treated using gamma knife radiosurgery. Group I comprised 21 @entity0 with @entity3 treated just before the installation of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Group II included @entity0 in Group I with new dose plans created using the @entity2 (in other words, simulated dose plans). Group III consisted of a control group of 20 @entity0 matched for @entity1 grade with the previous group and treated recently with the @entity2 . Treatment times were calculated after correcting the time for each shot according to the age of the sources after reloading. The treatment times, including total time, irradiation time, and duration of the neurosurgical procedure, were analyzed. In addition, dose planning including number of isocenters, number of different collimators, malfunctions, and the conformity and selectivity indices were recorded. The trend was to reduce the mean number of collimator runs from 7.9 to 1.2 and to increase the mean number of shots from 7.9 to 15.6, mostly by using the 4-mm collimator exclusively. The @entity2 -related conformity and selectivity were improved from 95 to 97% and from 78 to 84%, respectively. The total treatment time was reduced by 53%, and time required to interact with the @entity0 in the room was considerably reduced (75%), giving the neurosurgeon greater freedom to perform other tasks during the treatment period. The reduction of the time spent by the neurosurgeon at work in the room was 84%. The total radiation time was increased by 54%. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results of this study indicate that the robotization of the gamma knife is likely a major advance in radiosurgery.

title: Impact of the model C and XXXX on gamma knife radiosurgery: an evaluation in @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECT: Radiosurgery is commonly used for the treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 . The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of radiosurgery in the management of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or mixed @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: A retrospective chart review of @entity0 treated between May 1990 and January 2000 identified 18 @entity0 (21 @entity1 ) with either an ODG (10) or a mixed @entity5 (11) who had undergone radiosurgery. The median @entity0 age was 43 years (range 23-67 years). Sixteen @entity0 had undergone one or more @entity1 resections before radiosurgery; in two @entity0 biopsy sampling alone had been performed. @entity1 grades at the most recent operation were Grade I (one), Grade 2 (one), Grade 3 (12), and Grade 4 (seven @entity0 ). Seventeen @entity0 had undergone prior radiotherapy; 11 were treated with chemotherapy before radiosurgery, and one had undergone a prior linear accelerator-based radiosurgery treatment. The median @entity1 volume was 8.2 cm3 (range 1.9-47.7 cm3); the median margin dose was 15 Gy (range 12-20 Gy); and the median maximum dose was 32 Gy (range 24-50 Gy). In this heterogeneous group, 12 @entity0 died whereas six remain alive. Survival after radiosurgery was 78%, 61%, and 44% at 12, 24, and 48 months, respectively. Factors associated with an improved survival rate included younger age and smaller @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: For @entity0 with @entity1 that have failed to respond to conventional therapies, radiosurgery may provide some survival benefit. Further study is needed to determine which subpopulation of these @entity0 will have the best chances of enhanced survival from this treatment.

title: Evaluation of gamma knife radiosurgery in the treatment of XXXX and mixed oligodendroastrocytomas.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECT: The aim of this study was to compare quantitatively the methods of preoperative magnetic source (MS) imaging and intraoperative electrophysiological cortical mapping (ECM) in the localization of sensorimotor cortex in @entity0 with intraaxial @entity1 . METHODS: Preoperative magnetoencephalography (MEG) was performed while @entity0 received painless tactile somatosensory stimulation of the lip, hand, and foot. The early somatosensory evoked field was modeled using a single equivalent current dipole approach to estimate the spatial source of the response. Three-dimensional magnetic resonance image volume data sets with fiducials were coregistered with the MEG recordings to form the MS image. These individualized functional brain maps were integrated into a neuronavigation system. Intraoperative mapping of somatosensory and/or motor cortex was performed and sites were compared. In two subgroups of @entity0 we compared intraoperative somatosensory and motor stimulation sites with MS imaging-based somatosensory localizations. Mediolateral projection of the MS imaging source localizations to the cortical surface reduced systematic intermodality discrepancies. The distance between two corresponding points determined using MS imaging and ECM was 12.5 +/- 1.3 mm for somatosensory-somatosensory and 19 +/- 1.3 mm for somatosensory-motor comparisons. The observed 6.5 mm increase in site separation was systematically demonstrated in the anteroposterior direction, as expected from actual anatomy. In fact, intraoperative sites at which stimulation evoked the same @entity0 response exhibited a spatial variation of 10.7 +/- 0.7 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative MS imaging and intraoperative ECM show a favorable degree of quantitative correlation. Thus, MS imaging can be considered a valuable and accurate planning adjunct in the treatment of @entity0 with intraaxial @entity1 .

title: Preoperative magnetic source imaging for XXXX surgery: a quantitative comparison with intraoperative sensory and motor mapping.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 induced by drugs are of most concern when they occur in the context of therapeutic use of a drug. Such iatrogenic @entity1 may interfere considerably with the treatment of the primary illness and may cause concern to @entity0 , their relatives and the medical staff. Because many drugs are often used simultaneously in seriously ill @entity0 , it may be difficult to be sure which drug may have been responsible. The best procedure is to remove those drugs which are most probable causes of the @entity1 as well as any drugs that are not truly essential for the treatment of the @entity0 . Problems involved in evaluating the relationship between use of drugs and @entity1 are considerable. Many reports are isolated cases and the denominators which might provide some idea of the potential risk are unknown. Many relationships are still controversial, such as the association of @entity6 with sedatives, antihypertensives and oral contraceptives. Areas of uncertainty are great. @entity12 may be caused by a drug that can alter consciousness, or any drugs that can produce more delineated @entity1 syndromes. Sedative drugs are those most commonly associated with @entity12 , and may include psychotherapeutic drugs, sedative antihistamines, narcotic analgesics and, of course, the widely used social drug, @entity4 . Delirious states are most often associated with drugs that possess central anticholinergic actions. These include not only drugs clearly identified as anticholinergics, but also tricyclic antidepressants and anti-Parkinson drugs. @entity14 , which is often used parenterally in seriously ill @entity0 , is also a prominent cause. @entity10 is most often seen in elderly @entity0 and in those who have received rather large doses of drugs. The association of @entity2 -like @entity9 with dopaminomimetic drugs tends to support the prevailing @entity11 hypothesis of @entity2 . Levodopa, the @entity11 precursor, and @entity13 , a direct @entity11 agonist, are examples of such relationships. Abuse of social drugs has also been thought to provide a useful model of @entity2 . Hallucinogens are probably a rather poor model, abuse of @entity8 may provide a better model, and possibly the best is the @entity7 state elicited by @entity15 . @entity3 reactions are clinically difficult to differentiate from @entity2 -like @entity9 and are often produced by similar drugs. @entity5 may produce either @entity3 , as well as occasionally confusion and @entity6 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Drug-induced XXXX and their management.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the prognosis of @entity4 in childhood in Hungary. One hundred and forty five adults (96 @entity0 and 49 @entity0 ) with a clinical history of childhood @entity4 were examined at the age of 28 years or above (mean age 37.6, SD 5.9 years). The @entity0 completed questionnaires concerning their @entity6 and accompanying @entity1 in childhood, at the age of 18 and at present. They were all prick-tested with 12 inhalant allergens. The results showed that 42.8% of the @entity0 had become symptom-free, but 57.2% still had intermittent or persisting @entity6 symptoms in adulthood. More @entity0 had intermittent day-time (59%) and night-time (67%) @entity6 symptoms than persistent symptoms (41% and 33%). Accompanying @entity1 ( @entity9 , @entity8 , dermal and @entity3 , and @entity1 ) in childhood did not definitely affect the prognosis of the @entity4 . The proportion of females with @entity1 increased, and among @entity0 with @entity2 it was significantly higher than the proportion of affected males. At the age of 18, @entity7 was more frequent than in childhood. The frequencies of other @entity1 did not change significantly. In the @entity0 with @entity6 symptoms, molds and cat-hair @entity5 were more frequent than in the symptom-free group. The long-term prognosis of @entity4 in childhood in Hungary is relatively good, but fewer than half of the @entity0 became symptom-free. The complaints of most of the @entity0 were mild, but one in seven of all the adults suffered from moderate or serious @entity4 . Household allergens may contribute to the persistence of @entity6 symptoms.

title: The prognosis of XXXX in childhood in Hungary: a long-term follow-up.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity6 -anaphylatoxin which is generated by limited proteolysis upon activation of the fifth component of complement may be induced by the classical, the alternative or the lectin pathway. @entity6 has been shown, under normal conditions, to induce the release of @entity5 from Kupffer cells (KC) and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and thereby indirectly to increase @entity1 output from hepatocytes (HC). A direct action of @entity6 on HC would require the expression of the specific @entity7 ( @entity7 ). In studies using quantitative RT-PCR it was shown that non-stimulated HC lack @entity7 , in contrast to KC, HSC and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) all of which contained mRNA for the @entity7 in decreasing amounts. FACS analyses, immunohisto- and immunocytochemistry as well as functional analyses confirmed the results of the RT-PCR assays. Under inflammatory situations the @entity7 was found to be upregulated in various organs and tissues which included the liver. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) as a main inflammatory mediator in the liver induced a de novo expression of functional @entity7 in HC in-vitro and in-vivo. In contrast, @entity2 failed to induce @entity7 directly in cultured HC in-vitro but induced @entity7 in HC in vivo and in co-cultures of HC and KC which release @entity3 upon stimulation with @entity2 . So far, the only known effector function of @entity6 on HSC was the induction of prostanoid release. In an approach to reveal new functions of @entity7 in HSC, the cells responsible for liver @entity0 , it could be shown that @entity6 upregulated fibronectin-specific mRNA five-fold whereas @entity8 , collagen IV and the structure protein smooth muscle actin were not affected. In addition, @entity6 did not upregulate specific mRNA for the profibrotic cytokine @entity4 in either isolated KC or HSC. Thus, @entity6 alone appears to have only a limited role in the induction of liver @entity0 .

title: Expression and induction of anaphylatoxin XXXX receptors in the rat liver.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The @entity3 / @entity4 -mediated inhibitory activity in the substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the spinal cord is critical in the control of nociceptive transmission. We examined whether and how SG inhibitory activity might be regulated by neuronal nicotinic receptors (nAChRs). Patch-clamp recordings were performed in SG neurons of spinal slice preparations from adult @entity0 . We provided electrophysiological evidence that inhibitory presynaptic terminals in the SG expressed nAChRs and their activation resulted in large increases in the frequency of spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs and mIPSCs) in over 90% SG neurons tested. The enhancement of inhibitory activity was mediated by increases in the release of @entity3 / @entity4 , and direct @entity1 entry through SG presynaptic nAChRs appeared to be involved. Miniature IPSC frequency could be enhanced by the nAChR agonists @entity2 or @entity8 . @entity2 could still elicit large increases in mIPSC frequency in the presence of the alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist @entity6 (5 microM) and the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist @entity5 (40 nM). However, @entity2 did not produce a significant enhancement of mIPSC frequency in the presence of the broad spectrum nAChR antagonist @entity7 (5 microM). Nicotinic agonist-evoked whole-cell currents from SG neurons and the antagonist profiles also indicated the presence of a subtype of nAChRs, which were different from the major central nervous system nAChR subtypes, i.e. alpha4beta2* or alpha7 nAChRs. Together, our results suggest that a subtype of nAChR, possibly alpha3beta4* nAChR or a new nAChR type, is highly expressed at the inhibitory presynaptic terminals in SG of adult @entity0 and play a role in the control of inhibitory activity in SG.

title: Modulation of inhibitory synaptic activity by a non-alpha4beta2, non-alpha7 subtype of nicotinic receptors in the substantia gelatinosa of adult XXXX spinal cord.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Torpor was monitored daily in adult male and female European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus) induced to hibernate by exposure to a cold environment (6 degrees C). The effect of photoperiodic manipulations or administration of exogenous gonadal @entity2 was examined in gonadectomized or intact hamsters. 1. Gonadal regression occurred in all short day, but only in some long day, cold-exposed hamsters. Entry into hibernation was not observed until reproductive regression had occurred. Thus, @entity1 appears to be a necessary precondition for hibernation. 2. Castrated hamsters in the short day cold condition showed a significantly greater incidence of torpor than those in the long day cold condition. Hence, photoperiod affected torpor independently of its effect on the gonadal cycle. 3. @entity3 , when administered via silastic capsules at near physiological levels, completely inhibited torpor in gonadectomized male and female hamsters hibernating in the short day cold condition. 4. In ovariectomized females, torpor was unaffected by @entity4 treatment, but partially inhibited by @entity0 . A greater inhibition of torpor was observed when @entity0 -primed females were administered both @entity0 and @entity4 simultaneously. Thus, the effect of both hormones may be functionally comparable to that of the single testicular hormone. 5. @entity0 inhibited torpor to a greater extent in intact and ovariectomized female hamsters hibernating in long days than those in short days, suggesting an effect of photoperiod on responsiveness to @entity0 . These results indicate an inverse relationship between the gonadal and hibernation cycles, and a probable role for gonadal @entity2 to influence the timing of the hibernation season. However, non-gonadal factors must also be involved in controlling hibernation, since photoperiod affected the incidence of torpor in gonadectomized animals and because hamsters were able to terminate hibernation in the absence of gonadal hormones.

title: Influence of photoperiod and gonadal XXXX on hibernation in the European hamster.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Current techniques for treating chronic @entity1 caused by @entity6 all @entity5 . A need exists for a simple technique to restore competence to the diseased valves at multiple sites in the venous system. The Venocuff is an implantable device developed to restore venous valve competence by reducing the vein circumference. Two animal models are described that are useful in the study of @entity6 ; the device was tested in these two models in the jugular vein of @entity4 . The first model was of naturally incompetent valves. The device was implanted around 11 completely incompetent and seven partially incompetent valves in 18 veins of 11 @entity4 . After implantation competence was restored or improved in all valves. The second model made use of an @entity7 to produce @entity2 in the jugular vein in four @entity4 . The implant increased the pressure difference across the valve from 16 to 68 mm Hg. The Venocuff implant was thus effective at restoring valvular competence in the two animal models studied. There is evidence that @entity3 in these models and the results observed may be applicable in some cases of chronic @entity1 in @entity0 .

title: Repair of incompetent XXXX : a new technique.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity1 (EORTC) 22861 randomised trial established that combined radiochemotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced @entity1 . This EORTC phase II study (#22953) tests the feasibility of reducing the gap between sequences to 2 weeks, to deliver @entity4 ( @entity5 ) in each radiotherapy sequence and @entity6 continuously during the treatment. The first sequence consisted of 36 Gy over 4 weeks. @entity6 200 mg/m(2)/days 1-26, @entity5 10 mg/m(2)/day 1 gap 16 days. Then a second sequence of 23.4 Gy over 17 days, @entity6 200 mg/m(2)/days 1-17 and, @entity5 10 mg/m(2)/day 1 was given. 43 @entity0 with a World Health Organization (WHO) status of 0 (n=27) or 1 (n=16) and with T2-T4, N0-3 @entity1 were included. Compliance with the planned treatment, doses and duration was 93%. The complete response rate was 90.7%. Grade 3 @entity2 of 28, 12 and 2% were observed for skin, @entity3 and haematological @entity2 , respectively. The 3-year estimated rates for trials 22861 and 22953 are: 68 and 88% for local control; 72 and 81% for colostomy-free interval, 62 and 84% for severe late @entity2 -free interval, and 70 and 81% for survival, respectively. The 22953 scheme is feasible and the results are promising. This is now considered as the new standard scheme by the EORTC.

title: Shortened irradiation scheme, continuous infusion of @entity6 and fractionation of XXXX in locally advanced anal carcinomas. Results of a phase II study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity1 . Radiotherapy and Gastrointestinal Cooperative Groups.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity1 (EORTC) 22861 randomised trial established that combined radiochemotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced @entity1 . This EORTC phase II study (#22953) tests the feasibility of reducing the gap between sequences to 2 weeks, to deliver @entity4 ( @entity5 ) in each radiotherapy sequence and @entity6 continuously during the treatment. The first sequence consisted of 36 Gy over 4 weeks. @entity6 200 mg/m(2)/days 1-26, @entity5 10 mg/m(2)/day 1 gap 16 days. Then a second sequence of 23.4 Gy over 17 days, @entity6 200 mg/m(2)/days 1-17 and, @entity5 10 mg/m(2)/day 1 was given. 43 @entity0 with a World Health Organization (WHO) status of 0 (n=27) or 1 (n=16) and with T2-T4, N0-3 @entity1 were included. Compliance with the planned treatment, doses and duration was 93%. The complete response rate was 90.7%. Grade 3 @entity2 of 28, 12 and 2% were observed for skin, @entity3 and haematological @entity2 , respectively. The 3-year estimated rates for trials 22861 and 22953 are: 68 and 88% for local control; 72 and 81% for colostomy-free interval, 62 and 84% for severe late @entity2 -free interval, and 70 and 81% for survival, respectively. The 22953 scheme is feasible and the results are promising. This is now considered as the new standard scheme by the EORTC.

title: Shortened irradiation scheme, continuous infusion of XXXX and fractionation of @entity4 in locally advanced anal carcinomas. Results of a phase II study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity1 . Radiotherapy and Gastrointestinal Cooperative Groups.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity1 (EORTC) 22861 randomised trial established that combined radiochemotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced @entity1 . This EORTC phase II study (#22953) tests the feasibility of reducing the gap between sequences to 2 weeks, to deliver @entity4 ( @entity5 ) in each radiotherapy sequence and @entity6 continuously during the treatment. The first sequence consisted of 36 Gy over 4 weeks. @entity6 200 mg/m(2)/days 1-26, @entity5 10 mg/m(2)/day 1 gap 16 days. Then a second sequence of 23.4 Gy over 17 days, @entity6 200 mg/m(2)/days 1-17 and, @entity5 10 mg/m(2)/day 1 was given. 43 @entity0 with a World Health Organization (WHO) status of 0 (n=27) or 1 (n=16) and with T2-T4, N0-3 @entity1 were included. Compliance with the planned treatment, doses and duration was 93%. The complete response rate was 90.7%. Grade 3 @entity2 of 28, 12 and 2% were observed for skin, @entity3 and haematological @entity2 , respectively. The 3-year estimated rates for trials 22861 and 22953 are: 68 and 88% for local control; 72 and 81% for colostomy-free interval, 62 and 84% for severe late @entity2 -free interval, and 70 and 81% for survival, respectively. The 22953 scheme is feasible and the results are promising. This is now considered as the new standard scheme by the EORTC.

title: Shortened irradiation scheme, continuous infusion of @entity6 and fractionation of @entity4 in locally advanced anal carcinomas. Results of a phase II study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of XXXX . Radiotherapy and Gastrointestinal Cooperative Groups.

answer: @entity1


abstract: From January 1, 1980, through December 31, 1985, 473 @entity0 underwent valve replacement with an Ionescu-Shiley valve. Overall hospital mortality was 7.8%. Major associated procedures and preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classes IV and V influenced hospital mortality significantly. The mean follow-up was 2.6 +/- 1.3 years. Late mortality was 5.9%. Overall actuarial survival was 81% at 5 years. A chief cause of reoperation was cusp rupture of a mitral prosthesis in 5 @entity0 (all after aortic and mitral valve replacement). The overall actuarial reoperation-free incidence was 93% at 5 years. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) phenomena occurred at a linear incidence of 1.4 +/- 0.3% per @entity0 -year or an actuarial @entity1 -free incidence of 92% at 5 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that postoperative NYHA Class, rhythm at follow-up, and anticoagulant therapy significantly influenced the incidence of TE phenomena.

title: The Ionescu-Shiley pericardial valve: results in 473 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In an effort to locate medullary structures that mediate the renal-sympathetic reflex, the effect, on the excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) components of that reflex, of certain drugs applied to the ventral surface of the medulla was investigated in @entity7 -anesthetized and vagotomized @entity1 . Application of @entity3 , a @entity4 receptor antagonist, selectively abolished the I component of the renal-sympathetic reflex as well as the sympathoinhibition elicited by stimulation of the aortic nerve. The E component, on the other hand, was specifically eliminated by @entity8 , a @entity5 receptor antagonist. @entity2 or @entity6 did not affect either reflex appreciably. Subsequently, within the region of the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) subjacent to the site of drug applications, we searched for neurons which responded to stimulation of the @entity0 . Of 68 responsive VLM neurons found, 50 (73.5%) responded to stimulation of both nerves. Of the 50 neurons, 40 were tested for their antidromic activation to stimulation of the spinal cord. Twenty-four neurons (60%) were antidromically activated. Responses of these reticulospinal neurons to stimulation of the renal nerve preceded that of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) by about 100 ms. All the antidromically activated, VLM neurons which responded to stimulation of the renal nerve also responded to stimulation of the aortic nerve. In conclusion, the renal-sympathetic reflex appears to be mediated by the same pool of bulbospinal neurons in the ventrolateral medulla that mediates the arterial baroreceptor reflex, and the E and I components of that reflex can be selectively abolished by pharmacological intervention of the subjacent ventral surface of the medulla.

title: Participation of ventrolateral medullary neurons in the renal-sympathetic reflex in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The role of reproductive factors, such as parental age, in the pathogenesis of @entity2 is being intensively examined; the results of individual studies are controversial. This meta-analysis aims to quantitatively synthesize the published data on the association between parental age and risk of two major distinct @entity2 in the offspring. Eligible studies were identified and pooled relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated using random-effects models, separately for childhood @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Subgroup analyses were performed by study design, geographical region, adjustment factors; sensitivity analyses and meta-regression analyses were also undertaken. 77 studies (69 case-control and eight cohort) were deemed eligible. Older maternal and paternal age were associated with increased risk for @entity1 (pooled RR  =  1.05, 95  % CI 1.01-1.10; pooled RR  =  1.04, 95  % CI 1.00-1.08, per 5  year increments, respectively). The association between maternal age and risk of @entity3 showed a U-shaped pattern, with symmetrically associated increased risk in the oldest (pooled RR  =  1.23, 95  % CI 1.06-1.43) and the youngest (pooled RR  =  1.23, 95  % CI 1.07-1.40) extremes. Lastly, only younger fathers were at increased risk of having a @entity0 with @entity3 (pooled RR  =  1.28, 95  % CI 1.04-1.59). In conclusion, maternal and paternal age represents a meaningful risk factor for @entity2 , albeit of different effect size by @entity2 subtype. Genetic and socio-economic factors may underlie the observed associations. Well-adjusted studies, scheduled by large consortia, are anticipated to satisfactorily address methodological issues, whereas the potential underlying genetic mechanisms should be elucidated by basic research studies.

title: Risk for XXXX associated with maternal and paternal age.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and causes of preterm @entity1 (menopause before 40 years of age) and @entity2 (menopause between 40 and 45 years). DESIGN: Cross sectional study. SETTING: Menopause clinics in Italy. POPULATION: @entity0 attending menopause clinics in Italy. METHODS: Between 1997 and 1999 we conducted a large cross sectional study on the characteristics of @entity0 around menopause attending a network of first-level outpatient menopause clinics in Italy for general counselling about menopause or treatment of menopausal symptoms. Eligible for the study were all @entity0 aged 45-75 years consecutively observed for the first time at the participating centres on randomly selected days during the study period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Factors associated with preterm @entity1 . RESULTS: Out of 15,253 @entity0 aged 55 years or more with spontaneous menopause who entered the study, 269 (1.8%) reported preterm @entity1 , and 1085 (7.1%) reported spontaneous menopause at age 40-45 years. The risk of preterm @entity1 and of @entity2 was higher in @entity0 reporting lifelong irregular menstrual cycles: in comparison with @entity0 reporting menopause at age > or =45 years, the OR (irregular vs regular menstrual cycles) of preterm @entity1 was 1.3 (95% CI 1.0-1.7) and of @entity2 of 1.2 (95% CI 1.0-1.5). Parous @entity0 reported less frequently preterm @entity1 (chi(2) trend P < 0.05) and @entity2 (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-1.0). No significant association emerged between risk of preterm @entity1 or menopause at age 40 to <45 and education, age at menarche, oral contraceptive use and smoking habits. CONCLUSION: Nulliparity and lifelong irregular menstrual cycles are associated with an increased risk of preterm @entity1 .

title: Premature ovarian failure: frequency and risk factors among XXXX attending a network of menopause clinics in Italy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In healthy individuals, intraduodenal whey protein load-dependently modulates gastrointestinal motor and hormonal functions and suppresses energy intake. The effect of oral whey, particularly the impact of load, has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to quantify gastric emptying of 30 and 70 g of oral whey protein loads and their relation to gastrointestinal hormone, glycemic, and appetitive responses. DESIGN: On 3 separate occasions in a randomized, double-blind order, 18 lean @entity0 [mean    SEM age: 24.8    1.4 y; body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 21.6    0.5] received iso-osmolar, equally palatable drinks (   450 mL) containing 30 g pure whey protein isolate (L), 70 g pure whey protein isolate (H), or saline (control). Gastric emptying (with the use of 3-dimensional ultrasound), plasma @entity4 , glucagon-like peptide 1, @entity1 -dependent insulinotropic peptide, @entity3 , glucagon, total @entity2 , and blood @entity1 were measured for 180 min after consumption of the drinks, and energy intake at a buffet-style lunch was quantified. RESULTS: Gastric emptying of the L and H drinks was comparable when expressed in kilocalories per minute (L: 2.6    0.2 kcal/min; H: 2.9    0.3 kcal/min) and related between individuals (r = 0.54, P < 0.01). Gastrointestinal hormone, @entity3 , and glucagon responses to the L and H drinks were comparable until    45-60 min after ingestion, after which time the responses became more differentiated. Blood @entity1 was modestly reduced after the H drink between t = 45 and 150 min when compared with the L drink (all P < 0.05). Energy intake was suppressed by both L and H drinks compared with control (P < 0.05) (control: 1174    91 kcal; L: 1027    81 kcal; and H: 997    71 kcal). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that, in healthy lean @entity0 , the rate of gastric emptying of whey protein is independent of load and determines the initial gastrointestinal hormone response. This study was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as 12611000706976.

title: Acute load-dependent effects of oral whey protein on gastric emptying, gut hormone release, glycemia, appetite, and energy intake in healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical value of two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography for analyzing the left ventricular systolic function in @entity0 with @entity3 with normal wall motion (NWM-MVD). @entity0 AND METHODS: Forty-five NWM-MVD @entity0 and thirty-six subjects with low risk of @entity3 (control group) were enrolled in this study. Echocardiogram images of the short axis of the left ventricle and apical long axis were obtained. The Q-analysis software was used to analyze the peak systolic strain of the left @entity1 (GLS). We calculated the left ventricular global circumferential strain (GCS) and the radial strain (GRS), as well as the longitudinal, radial and circumferential strain of the basal (Bas-GLS, Bas-GCS, Bas-GRS), middle (Mid-GLS, Mid-GCS, Mid-GRS) and apical segments (Ap-GLS, Ap-GCS, Ap-GRS). RESULTS: (1) The @entity4 or @entity2 were visible in 85.71% of the NWM-MVD @entity0 . (2) The heart rate of the NWM-MVD @entity0 was lower than that of the control group [(61.78    6.76) beats/min vs. (66.13    6.24) beats/min, p < 0.05]. The conventional ultrasonic measurement indices are similar between the NWM-MVD group and the control group (p > 0.05). (3) Compared with the control group, the GLS, Bas-GLS, Mid-GLS, Bas-GCS, Mid-GCS, GRS and Bas-GRS were lower in the NWM-MVD group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The longitudinal, circumferential and radial systolic functions of the NWM-MVD @entity0 were impaired at different degrees.

title: Assessment of the left ventricular systolic function in XXXX with normal wall motion by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Ultrasonography was used preoperatively in 21 @entity0 with @entity1 in an effort to locate enlarged parathyroid glands. It indicated the presence of a solitary mass compatible with a @entity6 in 14 @entity0 . At operation, @entity2 were found at the location indicated by ultrasonography in 13 of the 14 @entity0 (93 per cent). In seven @entity0 , ultrasonography failed to reveal evidence of a mass of the parathyroid gland. At operation, three had @entity7 and four had a solitary @entity2 . Of the four @entity0 with @entity2 undetected by ultrasonography, one @entity0 had an @entity2 which had undergone @entity3 and three had coexisting nodular @entity5 . We concluded that ultrasonography is valuable in the preoperative assessment of @entity0 with @entity1 . This is especially so in the absence of coexisting nodular @entity5 . When positive, ultrasonography accurately locates @entity2 , and when negative, it strongly suggests the presence of @entity4 . This may have clinical application in limiting the extent of dissection and, thereby, reducing the morbidity of parathyroid gland exploration.

title: The role of ultrasonography in the evaluation of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: For drug dosing adaptation, the KDIGO guidelines recommend using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with the CKD-EPI equation, after de-indexation to the body surface area (BSA). In pharmacology, the Cockcroft _ Gault (CG) equation is still recommended to adapt drug dosage. In the context of @entity1 , adjusted ideal body weight (AIBW) is sometimes preferred to actual body weight (ABW) for the CG equation. The aim of our study was to compare the performances of the different GFR estimating equations non-indexed or de-indexed by BSA for the purpose of drug-dosage adaptation in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: We analysed data from @entity0 with a body mass index (BMI) higher than 30 kg/m(2) who underwent a GFR measurement. eGFR was calculated with the CKD-EPI and MDRD equations,    de-indexed    by BSA, and the CG equation, using either ABW, AIBW or lean body weight (LBW) for the weight variable and compared with measured GFR, expressed in ml/min. RESULTS: In our population of @entity1 @entity0 , using the AIBW instead of the ABW in the CG equation, markedly improved the overall accuracy of this equation (57% for CGABW and 79% for CGAIBW (p   <   0.05)). For high BMI (over 40kg/m(2) ), accuracies of the CG equations are not different when using LBW than when using AIBW. The MDRD and CKD-EPI equations deindexed by the BSA also displayed good performances with an overall higher accuracy for the MDRD deindexed equation (80% and 76% respectively (p   <   0.05)). CONCLUSIONS: De-indexed MDRD appear the most suitable to estimate non-indexed GFR for the purpose of drug dosage adaptation in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Creatinine-based equations for the adjustment of drug dosage in an XXXX population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody disease is a rare @entity5 characterized by rapidly progressive @entity2 caused by autoantibodies against the a3-chain of type IV collagen in the GBM. CASE PRESENTATION: An 8-year-old @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity3 due to anti-GBM @entity8 was diagnosed with @entity6 and @entity3 during a school urine screening program. Her blood pressure and serum @entity7 levels were normal. Her @entity6 and @entity3 persisted for several months. Since a spot urine protein to @entity7 ratio was around 7  g/g Cre, a percutaneous renal biopsy was performed. Immnofluorescent staining demonstrated a linear pattern for immunoglobulin G along the entire GBM. Chest computed tomography was normal. Anti-GBM antibody assays were reported as slightly raised; thus, the diagnosis was @entity1 with normal renal function. Treatment included plasma exchange, intravenous high-dose @entity9 , and @entity4 as a mainstay medication. The treatment was rapidly effective with an immediate decrease in anti-GBM titers and @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Cases of @entity1 with normal renal function in @entity0 are rare. Treatment in @entity0 has not been established; therefore, clinicians need to carefully select an effective treatment because the prognosis is poor.

title: Case report: anti- XXXX with normal renal function.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Clinicopathologic findings from two golden retriever @entity2 with an inherited, progressive, @entity1 that were studied until 27 and 40 months of age are described. Initial clinical signs included stilted gait and simultaneous advancement of their pelvic limbs. Further gait restriction and muscle @entity4 eventually occurred. Serum @entity3 kinase was dramatically elevated (greater than 10,000 U/L). There were persistent "spontaneous" high-frequency discharges ( @entity6 ) on electromyographic evaluation. Features of both muscle fiber degeneration (hyaline fibers, myophagocytosis) and regeneration (small basophilic fibers) were seen on light microscopy. Similar ultrastructural changes (fiber hypercontraction, @entity0 ) were present. On morphometric histochemical evaluation, mean fiber diameter of both type 1 and 2 fibers was increased compared with controls in two of three muscles examined. There was no apparent fiber type predominance. Scattered ragged red fibers were seen, but this appeared to be a nonspecific finding of either muscle fiber regeneration or degeneration. These findings and potential contributing pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed in relation to @entity5 .

title: Muscular dystrophy in a litter of golden retriever XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The goal of @entity4 management is to achieve disease control. Poorly controlled @entity4 is associated with an increased number of days lost from school, exacerbations and days in hospital. Furthermore, @entity0 with uncontrolled @entity4 have more frequent contacts with the health-care system. Recent studies have added new information about the effects of poorly controlled @entity4 on a range of important, but less studied outcomes, including risk of @entity1 , daily physical activity, @entity2 , stress, concentration and focused attention, @entity5 and risk of @entity3 . From these studies it seems that poor @entity4 control may have a greater impact on the @entity0 than previously thought. This may have important long-term consequences for the @entity0 such as an increased risk of life-style associated diseases and poorer school performance. The level of control seems to be the most important determinant of these adverse effects and improvement in @entity4 control is associated with improvements in many of the outcomes. However, the improvement has to be maintained for a very long time (> 1 year). Accurate assessment of the level of @entity4 control is difficult. Various tools and scores have been developed. They are all based on various questionnaires, but their validation has been difficult because we have no golden standard to compare with. It seems as if the tests are most valuable when they suggest that the disease is poorly controlled because a large proportion of @entity0 in whom the tests suggest good @entity4 control may still have poorly controlled @entity4 when various objective outcomes are included in the assessment. A main reason for that seems to be that none of the tests accurately detects the @entity0 's adaptation in lifestyle. If you do not exercise you have fewer symptoms.

title: Asthma control in XXXX : Is it important and can we measure it?

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The relationship between @entity4 , a member of the transforming acidic coiled-coil proteins (TACCs) family, and @entity1 remains unclear. The present study was designed to explore the prognostic and clinical significance of @entity4 in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). An immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was performed to analyze the expression of @entity4 in 195 @entity1 cases. The mRNA and protein levels of @entity4 were examined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR or western blotting. The correlation between @entity4 expression and clinicopathological factors was analyzed by   2 analysis and Fisher's exact test. Kaplan  -Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to examine the correlation of prognostic outcomes with @entity4 . The results showed that the levels of @entity4 mRNA and total protein were higher in @entity1 lesions than paired non-cancerous tissues. IHC analysis revealed that @entity4 was highly expressed in 94 (48.2%) cases. The expression of @entity4 was strongly correlated with smoking status, histological classification, differentiation, @entity3 fragment levels, T stage and the clinical stage of @entity2  @entity0 . Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that @entity4 is a useful biomarker for @entity2 prognosis. The low @entity4 expression group exhibited better progression-free survival (PFS) among  @entity0 who received anti-microtubule chemotherapy. In conclusion, the results showed that a high level of @entity4 expression was correlated with advanced clinicopathological classifications, poor overall survival (OS) and poor recurrence  -free survival (RFS) in @entity2  @entity0 . Our findings indicate that @entity4 is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for @entity2 .

title: The clinical significance of transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3 expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Of the original Peutz-Jeghers families reported by Jeghers, the "Harrisburg Family" has now been followed for 49 yr. Their 12 affected family members comprise the largest Peutz-Jeghers kindred reported. The course of this family illustrates that @entity6 is not a benign disease. One family member developed a @entity2 in a @entity7 with adenomatous changes; this progression in the duodenum has not previously been reported. Ten @entity0 underwent 75 polypectomies. One @entity0 developed @entity8 . Three @entity0 died in young adulthood. The development of @entity3 in 2 of 12 affected @entity0 suggests that @entity6 may be a @entity4 . Consequently, even asymptomatic gastric, duodenal, and @entity5 should be removed endoscopically. If surgical intervention is necessary, intraoperative endoscopy with polypectomy may prevent the development of a @entity8 . Colonoscopic screening of @entity0 and their family members may be beneficial and surveillance for extraintestinal @entity1 appears to be warranted.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic survey of the "Harrisburg family" with a 49-year follow-up.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Twenty-five @entity0 with a primary @entity4 ( @entity4 ) transformed into @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were treated with intensive chemotherapy. A complete remission (CR) was obtained in six @entity0 (24 per cent). In five of these six @entity0 two courses of chemotherapy were needed to achieve CR. In eight @entity0 chemotherapy cleared the bone marrow of blasts, but the @entity5 was fatal. A partial effect on @entity1 was seen in four @entity0 and no effect in another six. Eleven @entity0 (44 per cent) died from the consequences of chemotherapy-induced @entity3 . A short interval between @entity4 and transformation into @entity2 was associated with a better chance of achieving complete remission. Age, karyotype, type of @entity4 , peripheral blood or bone marrow findings had no influence on the result of chemotherapy. The median survival from start of treatment was 5 months (range 0.5-24 months). In the @entity0 who achieved a CR, the median duration of the remission was 7 months (range 3-12 months). The poor response rate, the short duration of the remissions and the high treatment-related mortality suggest that current intensive anti-leukemic chemotherapy in @entity2 after primary @entity4 is of limited benefit.

title: Intensive chemotherapy for XXXX after primary @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twenty-five @entity0 with a primary @entity4 ( @entity4 ) transformed into @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were treated with intensive chemotherapy. A complete remission (CR) was obtained in six @entity0 (24 per cent). In five of these six @entity0 two courses of chemotherapy were needed to achieve CR. In eight @entity0 chemotherapy cleared the bone marrow of blasts, but the @entity5 was fatal. A partial effect on @entity1 was seen in four @entity0 and no effect in another six. Eleven @entity0 (44 per cent) died from the consequences of chemotherapy-induced @entity3 . A short interval between @entity4 and transformation into @entity2 was associated with a better chance of achieving complete remission. Age, karyotype, type of @entity4 , peripheral blood or bone marrow findings had no influence on the result of chemotherapy. The median survival from start of treatment was 5 months (range 0.5-24 months). In the @entity0 who achieved a CR, the median duration of the remission was 7 months (range 3-12 months). The poor response rate, the short duration of the remissions and the high treatment-related mortality suggest that current intensive anti-leukemic chemotherapy in @entity2 after primary @entity4 is of limited benefit.

title: Intensive chemotherapy for @entity2 after primary XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 is currently one of the most preferred microorganisms for recombinant enzyme production due to its efficient expression system. The advantages include the production of high amounts of recombinant proteins containing the appropriate posttranslational modifications and easy cultivation conditions. a-L-Rhamnosidase is a biotechnologically important enzyme in food and pharmaceutical industry, used for example in debittering of citrus fruit juices, rhamnose pruning from @entity4 , or enhancement of wine aromas, creating a demand for the production of an active and stable enzyme. The production of recombinant a-L-rhamnosidase cloned in the Mut(S) strain of @entity3 KM71H was optimized. The encoding gene is located under the control of the AOX promoter, which is induced by @entity2 whose concentration is instrumental for these strain types. Fermentation was upscaled in bioreactors employing various media and several @entity2 -feeding strategies. It was found that fed batch with BSM media was more effective compared to BMMH (Buffered @entity2 -complex Medium) media due to lower cost and improved biomass formation. In BSM (Basal Salt Medium) medium, the dry cell weight reached approximately 60 g/L, while in BMMH it was only 8.3 g/L, without additional @entity1 , which positively influenced the amount of enzyme produced. New @entity2 feeding strategy, based on the level of dissolved @entity0 was developed in this study. This protocol that is entirely independent on @entity2 monitoring was up scaled to a 19.5-L fermenter with 10-L working volume with the productivity of 13.34 mgprot/L/h and specific activity of a-L-rhamnosidase of 82 U/mg. The simplified fermentation protocol was developed for easy and effective fermentation of @entity3 Mut(S) based on dissolved @entity0 monitoring in the induction phase of an enzyme production.

title: Upscale of recombinant a-L-rhamnosidase production by XXXX Mut(S) strain.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The retinal organization associated with the multiple optic papillae of the catfish @entity5 was examined. In each retina from ten to 17 papillae form an @entity6 (which is wider dorsoventrally than mediolaterally). The dorsalmost papilla in this ring lies at the center of the retina. In addition, up to seven small papillae lie within the ring. Bundles of fibers leave the @entity0 . These bundles remain separate as they pass through the distal portions of the neural retina and then merge before passing through the choroid. Bundles running through @entity1 receive fibers from a roughly wedge-shaped retinal area; bundles running through @entity3 receive fibers from a small area of central retina and a disproportionately large area of peripheral retina. A band of high @entity4 cell density was observed extending between the nasal and temporal poles of the retina. No correlation was found between the retinal areas contributing fibers to the bundles of axons emerging from individual papillae and the areas of high cell density. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the average area of the @entity2 cells and the @entity4 cell density. From HRP preparations and axon counts we estimate that each retina of 95-mm catfish contains about 50,000 @entity4 cells.

title: Visual system of the XXXX ( @entity5 ): II. The morphology associated with the multiple optic papillae and @entity2 cell distribution.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The retinal organization associated with the multiple optic papillae of the catfish @entity5 was examined. In each retina from ten to 17 papillae form an @entity6 (which is wider dorsoventrally than mediolaterally). The dorsalmost papilla in this ring lies at the center of the retina. In addition, up to seven small papillae lie within the ring. Bundles of fibers leave the @entity0 . These bundles remain separate as they pass through the distal portions of the neural retina and then merge before passing through the choroid. Bundles running through @entity1 receive fibers from a roughly wedge-shaped retinal area; bundles running through @entity3 receive fibers from a small area of central retina and a disproportionately large area of peripheral retina. A band of high @entity4 cell density was observed extending between the nasal and temporal poles of the retina. No correlation was found between the retinal areas contributing fibers to the bundles of axons emerging from individual papillae and the areas of high cell density. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the average area of the @entity2 cells and the @entity4 cell density. From HRP preparations and axon counts we estimate that each retina of 95-mm catfish contains about 50,000 @entity4 cells.

title: Visual system of the @entity5 ( XXXX ): II. The morphology associated with the multiple optic papillae and @entity2 cell distribution.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The retinal organization associated with the multiple optic papillae of the catfish @entity5 was examined. In each retina from ten to 17 papillae form an @entity6 (which is wider dorsoventrally than mediolaterally). The dorsalmost papilla in this ring lies at the center of the retina. In addition, up to seven small papillae lie within the ring. Bundles of fibers leave the @entity0 . These bundles remain separate as they pass through the distal portions of the neural retina and then merge before passing through the choroid. Bundles running through @entity1 receive fibers from a roughly wedge-shaped retinal area; bundles running through @entity3 receive fibers from a small area of central retina and a disproportionately large area of peripheral retina. A band of high @entity4 cell density was observed extending between the nasal and temporal poles of the retina. No correlation was found between the retinal areas contributing fibers to the bundles of axons emerging from individual papillae and the areas of high cell density. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the average area of the @entity2 cells and the @entity4 cell density. From HRP preparations and axon counts we estimate that each retina of 95-mm catfish contains about 50,000 @entity4 cells.

title: Visual system of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ): II. The morphology associated with the multiple optic papillae and XXXX cell distribution.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Background. Given the technical difficulties, a limited number of works have been published on @entity2 surgery and risk factors for @entity1 recurrence (TR) are poorly documented. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine TR in adult @entity0 with initial diagnosis of insular @entity2 ( @entity2 ) that subsequently underwent second surgery. Methods. A consecutive series of 53 @entity0 with insular @entity2 was retrospectively reviewed; 23 @entity0 had two operations for TR. Results. At the time of second surgery, almost half of the @entity0 had experienced progression into high-grade @entity2 (HGGs). Univariate analysis showed that TR is influenced by the following: extent of resection (EOR) (P < 0.002),   VT2T1 value (P < 0.001), histological diagnosis of @entity4 (P = 0.017), and mutation of @entity3 (P = 0.022). The multivariate analysis showed that EOR at first surgery was the independent predictor for TR (P < 0.001). Conclusions. In @entity0 with insular LGG the EOR at first surgery represents the major predictive factor for TR. At time of TR, more than 50% of cases had progressed in HGG, raising the question of the oncological management after the first surgery.

title: Second Surgery in Insular XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, the FDA guidelines regarding the eligibility of @entity0 with acute @entity2 to receive IV rt-PA have been modified and are not in complete accord with the latest AHA/ASA guidelines. The resultant differences may result in discrepancies in @entity0 selection for intravenous thrombolysis. METHODS: Several comprehensive @entity1 centers in the state of Pennsylvania have undertaken a collaborative effort to clarify and unify our own recommendations regarding how to reconcile these different guidelines. RESULTS: @entity3 at onset of @entity1 , small previous strokes that are subacute or chronic, multilobar @entity5 involving more than one third of the middle cerebral artery territory on CT scan, @entity6 , minor or rapidly improving symptoms should not be considered as contraindications for intravenous thrombolysis. It is recommended to follow the AHA/ASA guidelines regarding blood pressure management and @entity4 diathesis. @entity0 receiving @entity7 inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors within the preceding 48h should be excluded from receiving IV rt-PA. CT angiography is effective in identifying candidates for endovascular therapy. Consultation with and/or transfer to a comprehensive @entity1 center should be an option where indicated. @entity0 should receive IV rt-PA up to 4.5h after the onset of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The process of identifying @entity0 who will benefit the most from IV rt-PA is still evolving. Considering the rapidity with which @entity0 need to be evaluated and treated, it remains imperative that systems of care adopt protocols to quickly gather the necessary data and have access to expert consultation as necessary to facilitate best practices.

title: Pennsylvania comprehensive XXXX center collaborative: Statement on the recently updated IV rt-PA prescriber information for acute @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, the FDA guidelines regarding the eligibility of @entity0 with acute @entity2 to receive IV rt-PA have been modified and are not in complete accord with the latest AHA/ASA guidelines. The resultant differences may result in discrepancies in @entity0 selection for intravenous thrombolysis. METHODS: Several comprehensive @entity1 centers in the state of Pennsylvania have undertaken a collaborative effort to clarify and unify our own recommendations regarding how to reconcile these different guidelines. RESULTS: @entity3 at onset of @entity1 , small previous strokes that are subacute or chronic, multilobar @entity5 involving more than one third of the middle cerebral artery territory on CT scan, @entity6 , minor or rapidly improving symptoms should not be considered as contraindications for intravenous thrombolysis. It is recommended to follow the AHA/ASA guidelines regarding blood pressure management and @entity4 diathesis. @entity0 receiving @entity7 inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors within the preceding 48h should be excluded from receiving IV rt-PA. CT angiography is effective in identifying candidates for endovascular therapy. Consultation with and/or transfer to a comprehensive @entity1 center should be an option where indicated. @entity0 should receive IV rt-PA up to 4.5h after the onset of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The process of identifying @entity0 who will benefit the most from IV rt-PA is still evolving. Considering the rapidity with which @entity0 need to be evaluated and treated, it remains imperative that systems of care adopt protocols to quickly gather the necessary data and have access to expert consultation as necessary to facilitate best practices.

title: Pennsylvania comprehensive @entity1 center collaborative: Statement on the recently updated IV rt-PA prescriber information for acute XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Computed tomography scans at the level of L4/L5 were analysed in 66 @entity0 and 34 @entity0 who presented for routine tomography, stratified into different age categories. Areas of intra-abdominal fat and subcutaneous abdominal fat were calculated from the scans. In @entity0 and in @entity0 the proportion of the body surface as intra-abdominal fat increased with age (in @entity0 from 12.4 per cent in the age group less than 40 years to 18.0 per cent in the age group greater than 65 years; in @entity0 from 10.5 per cent to 14.7 per cent in the respective age categories). Only in @entity0 this increase with age was independent of the degree of @entity1 . In @entity0 younger than 40 years the proportion of intra-abdominal fat did not increase with increasing BMI while it did in older @entity0 and @entity0 . The proportion of intra-abdominal fat in 7 adolescents appeared to be 5.4 per cent, considerably lower compared to adult @entity0 and @entity0 . Subcutaneous fat areas increased with the degree of @entity1 but not with age. From simple anthropometric measurements, the intra-abdominal fat area was best correlated with the waist circumference in all ages (except for @entity0 younger than 40 years) while it showed weaker associations with abdominal skinfolds and circumference ratios. Age and BMI explained 68 and 74 per cent of the variance in intra-abdominal fat area in @entity0 and @entity0 respectively. Waist added 8 per cent to the explained variance in @entity0 but nothing in @entity0 . BMI and waist circumference showed similar correlations to total, intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat areas in all age categories whereas correlations of skinfolds with intra-abdominal fat areas decreased with age.

title: Abdominal fat depots measured with computed tomography: effects of degree of XXXX , sex, and age.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECT: Nonfunctioning @entity4 comprise approximately 30% of all @entity4 . The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy and role of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) in the management of residual or recurrent nonfunctioning @entity4 . METHODS: A review was conducted of the data obtained in 42 @entity0 who underwent adjuvant GKS at the University of Pittsburgh between 1987 and 2001. Prior treatments included transsphenoidal resection, craniotomy and resection, or conventional radiotherapy. Endocrinological, ophthalmological, and radiological responses were evaluated. The duration of follow-up review varied from 6 to 102 months (mean 31.2 months). Fifteen @entity0 were observed for more than 40 months. The mean radiation dose to the @entity1 margin was 16 Gy. Conformal radiosurgery planning was used to restrict the dose to the optic nerve and chiasm. Tumor control after GKS was achieved in 100% of @entity0 with microadenomas and 97% of @entity0 with macroadenomas. Gamma knife radiosurgery was equally effective in controlling @entity2 with cavernous sinus invasion and suprasellar extension. No @entity0 developed a new @entity3 following GKS. One @entity0 's @entity1 enlarged with an associated decline in visual function. Another @entity0 experienced a deterioration of visual fields despite a decrease in @entity1 size. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma knife radiosurgery can achieve @entity1 control in virtually all residual or recurrent nonfunctioning @entity4 . Dose sparing facilitates @entity1 management even when the @entity2 is close to the optic apparatus or invades the cavernous sinus.

title: Radiosurgery for residual or recurrent nonfunctioning XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECT: The purpose of this paper is to report a unique complication of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The nature of this complication and its related factors are discussed. METHODS: Forty-one medically refractory @entity0 with @entity6 were treated with GKS. All @entity0 received 80 Gy to the proximal trigeminal nerve root, using a 4-mm collimator and a single isocenter. Follow up consisted of three monthly outpatient sessions after GKS. Improvement, recurrence, complications, and changes in magnetic resonance imaging were recorded. To evaluate the factors behind the complications, a subgroup of 33 @entity0 was assessed in whom the follow-up duration was more than 9 months. The follow-up duration was 3 to 36 months (mean 13 months). The results were excellent in 20 @entity0 , good in 11, and fair in seven. No @entity0 had a poor result. Three @entity0 suffered recurrences. Seven @entity0 suffered complications 9 to 24 months after GKS. All seven @entity0 @entity4 and @entity4 was recorded. Three of them also complained of " @entity3 " with diminution or absence of corneal reflex but no other @entity2 and conjunctiva were found on ophthalmological examination. In these three @entity0 , @entity4 of the first division of the trigeminal nerve area had been found before their " @entity3 " symptoms appeared. The irradiated volume on the brainstem was significantly related to this complication. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3 seems to be a special form of @entity1 . An @entity5 of radiation to the brainstem may play an important role in the manifestation of this complication.

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for XXXX : the dry-eye complication.

answer: @entity6