abstract: BACKGROUND: The median age of @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity3 ( @entity3 ) at presentation is 71 years. We conducted an analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data to assess whether the presentation and outcomes of @entity3 in younger @entity0 (age < or =40 years) are different from that in older @entity0 (age >40 years). METHODS: We obtained the demographic, clinical, and outcomes data for all @entity0 diagnosed with @entity3 from 1988 to 2003 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. @entity0 were grouped by age at diagnosis into younger than or equal to 40 years (younger cohort) or older than 40 years (older cohort). RESULTS: During the period analyzed, we identified 2775 @entity0 with @entity3 in the younger cohort and 236,313 @entity0 in the older cohort. Compared with the older group, the younger group had greater proportion of African Americans (19.2% versus 10.9%; p < 0.0001), Asian or Pacific Islander (10.3% versus 5.9%; p < 0.0001), @entity0 (48.7% versus 41.9%; p < 0.0001), and @entity0 with stage IV disease (57.4% versus 43.0%; p < 0.0001). @entity1 was more common in younger @entity0 than in the older @entity0 (57.5% versus 45.2%; p < 0.0001). @entity2 was less prevalent in the younger cohort than in older cohort (12.5% versus 26.4%; p < 0.0001). Five-year overall survival and cancer specific survival were significantly better for younger @entity0 than for older @entity0 across all stages. CONCLUSIONS: There is a greater representation of African Americans, Asians or Pacific Islanders, @entity0 , and @entity1 histology in the younger cohort of @entity0 with @entity3 compared with the older cohort. Despite presenting with stage IV disease more often, the overall and cancer-specific survivals are better in younger cohort than in the older cohort.

title: Distinctive characteristics of XXXX ( @entity3 ) in the young: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the risk of ileal pouch-anal @entity4 failure and factors predictive of failure overall and in @entity0 with septic complications. METHODS: @entity0 were identified through a prospectively maintained @entity0 registry. All @entity0 registered in the Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease database who had an ileal pouch-anal @entity4 for more than 12 months were included in the study. Pouch failure was defined as ileal pouch-anal @entity4 excision or permanent diversion. Cox proportional hazard models with @entity3 as a competing risk were created, modeling time to failure as the outcome of interest for all @entity0 and for the subgroup of @entity0 with septic complications. RESULTS: The study included 1,554 @entity0 . One hundred six @entity0 experienced an ileal pouch-anal @entity4 failure (6.8%), 49 (46.2%) of these failures were caused by septic complications. Independent predictors of failure included @entity1 (hazard ratio 7.5, 95% confidence interval [4.7, 12.0]) and @entity2 (hazard ratio 6.6, 95% confidence interval [4.4, 9.8]). In the subgroup of @entity0 with failure due to postoperative septic complications, independent predictors of failure were @entity1 (hazard ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval [1.3, 5.7]) and presence of a pouch @entity5 (hazard ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval [1.3, 5.2]). CONCLUSION: Septic complications are the most common cause of ileal pouch-anal @entity4 failure. Careful @entity0 selection and the prevention of septic complications may decrease the risk of this failure.

title: Sepsis is a major predictor of failure after ileal pouch-anal XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Angiogenesis, as measured by degree of microvessel density, has been associated with @entity1 progression in many @entity1 types but does not always correlate with clinical outcome. In 1999, aggressive @entity1 cells were shown to form blood-conducting tubes not lined by endothelial cells, and this phenomenon was termed vasculogenic mimicry. We investigated angiogenesis and the presence of vasculogenic mimicry in @entity2 in relation to @entity1 stage, @entity0 survival, and genetic indicators of @entity1 cell plasticity. METHODS: @entity4 -embedded tissue samples were examined from a study of 117 @entity0 with @entity2 with a 12-year follow-up. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to measure microvessel density and proliferating endothelial cells and to detect vasculogenic mimicry (scored by 3 independent observers). Cell cultures from 7 colon cell lines, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on cell lines, frozen tissue material from 4 @entity2 @entity0 with and 4 without vasculogenic mimicry, and fresh @entity2 tissue from 2 @entity0 were used to investigate the relationship between vasculogenic mimicry and @entity1 cell plasticity. RESULTS: Microvessel density was not a prognostic marker in our @entity0 . We found vasculogenic mimicry in 23 (19.7%) of 117 @entity2 samples. Cell culture experiments and real-time PCR on @entity0 @entity2 material showed evidence for vasculogenic mimicry with overexpression of @entity6 and @entity5 , known to be important for the tube-forming capacity of @entity3 cells. The presence of vasculogenic mimicry was associated with significantly shortened survival, both overall (P < 0.0001) and within intermediate @entity1 stages (Dukes B, P = 0.0277; Dukes C, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Vasculogenic mimicry can occur in @entity2 and appears to be comparable to vasculogenic mimicry described in other @entity1 . Moreover, vasculogenic mimicry in @entity2 may be a strong independent prognostic marker for survival.

title: Prognostic role of vasculogenic mimicry in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the short- and long-term rates of @entity1 associated with primary angioplasty alone and angioplasty with stent placement using a meta-analysis of published studies. Both primary angioplasty alone and angioplasty with stent placement have been proposed as treatment strategies for symptomatic @entity3 to reduce the risk of @entity1 with best medical treatment alone. However, it remains unclear which of these endovascular techniques offers the best risk reduction. METHODS: We identified pertinent studies published between January 1980 and May 2008 using a search on PubMed and Cochrane libraries, supplemented by a review of bibliographies of selected publications. The incidences of @entity1 were estimated for each report and pooled for both angioplasty alone and angioplasty with stent placement at 1 month and 1 year postintervention and then compared using a random-effects model. The association of year of publication and 1-year incidence of @entity1 was analyzed with meta-regression. RESULTS: After applying our selection criteria, we included 69 studies (33 primary angioplasty-alone studies [1027 @entity0 ] and 36 studies of angioplasty with stent placement [1291 @entity0 ]) in the analysis. There were a total of 91 @entity1 reported in the angioplasty-alone-treated group (8.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1%-10.6%), compared with 104 @entity1 in the angioplasty-with-stent-treated group (8.1%; 95% CI, 6.6%-9.5%) during a 1-month period (relative risk [RR], 1.1; P = 0.48). The pooled incidence of 1-year @entity1 in @entity0 treated with angioplasty alone was 19.7% (95% CI, 16.6%-23.5%), compared with 14.2% (95% CI, 11.9%-16.9%) in the angioplasty-with-stent-treated @entity0 (RR, 1.39; P = 0.009). The incidence of technical success was 79.8% (95% CI, 74.7%-84.8%) in the angioplasty-alone group and 95% (95% CI, 93.4%-96.6%) in the angioplasty-with-stent-treated group (RR, 0.84; P < 0.0001). The pooled restenosis rate was 14.2% (95% CI, 11.8-16.6%) in the angioplasty-alone group, as compared with 11.1% (95% CI, 9.2%-13.0%) in the angioplasty-with-stent-treated group (RR, 1.28; P = 0.04). There was no effect of the publication year of the studies on the risk of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Risk of 1-year @entity1 and rate of @entity2 may be lower in symptomatic @entity3 @entity0 treated by angioplasty with stent placement compared with @entity0 treated by angioplasty alone.

title: Comparison between primary angioplasty and stent placement for symptomatic XXXX : meta-analysis of case series.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Increased physical activity may decrease the risk of @entity2 . As a prerequisite to the determination of lifestyle attributable risks, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies to quantify gender-specific risk associated with increased leisure-time physical activity (LT-PA). METHOD: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (to December 2007), and other sources, selecting reports based on strict inclusion criteria. We used random-effects meta-analyses to estimate summary risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for uppermost vs lowermost categories of physical activity. To investigate dose-response, we explored risks ratios as a function of cumulative percentiles of physical activity distribution. RESULTS: Fifteen datasets from 14 articles, including 7873 incident cases, were identified. For @entity3 , there were inverse associations with LT-PA for @entity0 (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67-0.96) and @entity0 (0.86; 0.76-0.98). LT-PA did not influence risk of @entity1 . The dose-response analysis was consistent with linear pattern reductions in risk of @entity3 in both genders. There was evidence of moderate between-study heterogeneity but summary estimates were broadly consistent across potential confounding factors. CONCLUSION: Increased LT-PA is associated with a modest reduction in colon but not @entity1 risk; a risk reduction, which previously may have been overstated. LT-PA only interventions in public health cancer prevention strategies are unlikely to impact substantially on @entity2 incidences.

title: Lifestyle factors and XXXX risk (2): a systematic review and meta-analysis of associations with leisure-time physical activity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is a pleiotropic hormone with organisational, activational and protective actions in both male and female mammals. It is responsible for numerous aspects of brain development, including @entity8 . The organisational effects of early @entity7 exposure are essential for long-lasting cognitive and behavioural functions. @entity2 mediates its effects through several intracellular or membrane-associated receptor proteins. In the rodent cerebral cortex, @entity7 receptor (ER) expression, as demonstrated by hormone binding studies, is high early in postnatal life and declines precipitously as the animal approaches puberty. This decline is caused by a decreased expression of @entity4 mRNA. An understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of @entity4 gene expression is critical for understanding the developmental as well as postpubertal expression of the ER. Despite recent data indicating the current hormone replacement therapies can be detrimental in older @entity1 , numerous animal studies have shown that the endogenous @entity7 , @entity2 , is neuroprotective. Specifically, low levels of @entity2 protect the cortex from cell death caused by @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The attenuation of cell death by @entity2 in this model is mediated through an @entity4 -dependent mechanism. To this end, @entity4 expression is rapidly increased after @entity6 , suggesting a return to the developmental programme of gene expression within neurones. One mechanism of suppressing gene expression is by the epigenetic modification of the promoter regions, which results in gene silencing. Of the epigenetic modifications utilised by cells, DNA methylation has been intensively studied as a mechanism by which genes are both permanently and reversibly silenced. Little is known about the mechanisms of ER gene regulation in the brain; however, in @entity0 cells, both @entity4 and @entity5 are down-regulated by promoter methylation, and subsequent binding of the @entity9 -CpG-binding protein, @entity10 . Data from our laboratory demonstrate that the promoters of the @entity4 gene are also methylated during development and after @entity3 , suggesting a role of DNA methylation in regulating ER expression in the brain.

title: Regulation of XXXX receptor gene expression: new insights and novel mechanisms.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) facilitate functional recovery in @entity0 after @entity1 when administered acutely (1 day) or subacutely (7 days). In this study, we postponed the time of cell transplantation to 1 month after @entity1 . Female retired breeder @entity0 were subjected to 2 h of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Male BMSCs (3 x 10(6)) or @entity3 -buffered saline were administered intravenously, and the animals were killed 3 months later. An additional population of nontreated @entity0 was killed at 1 month after @entity2 . Significant recovery of behavior was found in BMSC-treated @entity0 beginning at 1 month after cell injection in the modified neurologic severity score test and the adhesive-removal test compared with control animals (P<0.05). In situ hybridization showed that BMSCs survived and preferentially localized to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Double staining revealed that approximately 13% and 6% Y-chromosome-positive cells expressed the astrocyte marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and the neuronal marker, @entity6 , respectively. In addition, BMSC treatment reduced scar thickness, and increased the number of proliferating cells and oligodendrocyte precursor cells along the subventricular zone in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Expression of the chemokine @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was significantly increased along the ischemic boundary zone compared with the corresponding areas in the contralateral hemisphere at 1 month and 4 months (P<0.01) after @entity1 . The @entity5 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), was expressed in BMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Our data show that the time window of BMSC therapy is at least 1 month after @entity1 ; the interaction of @entity4 / @entity5 may contribute to the trafficking of transplanted BMSCs.

title: Therapeutic benefit of bone marrow stromal cells administered 1 month after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonaccidental @entity8 in @entity0 is the leading cause of @entity0 @entity5 from injury. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Clinical features that suggest inflicted @entity8 include the triad of the so-called @entity11 , consisting of @entity12 , subdural, and/or @entity6 in an @entity0 with little signs of external @entity2 . Studies have shown that, in general, the average short fall in the home is extremely unlikely to produce either subdural or @entity12 , although focal injuries such as @entity4 and @entity9 may be seen. Acceleration/deceleration, especially of the rotational type, is believed to be the most probable mechanism of injury in cases of nonaccidental @entity8 . Damage to the cervicomedullary junction and the respiratory centers, with subsequent @entity7 and @entity1 , has also been implicated. After the initial @entity2 and @entity9 , loss of cerebral autoregulation, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, and disruption of ionic homeostasis occur, leading to @entity10 and @entity3 . Cellular damage can involve large volumes of tissue, without respecting vascular territories. CONCLUSION: Overall, a satisfactory biomechanical model is lacking, and the criminal nature of @entity2 makes it difficult to perform systematic, controlled studies. Unfortunately, outcomes are poor, and the rate of repeated abusive episodes is high. Future research should focus on the development of a satisfactory research model and on prevention strategies.

title: Nonaccidental XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonaccidental @entity8 in @entity0 is the leading cause of @entity0 @entity5 from injury. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Clinical features that suggest inflicted @entity8 include the triad of the so-called @entity11 , consisting of @entity12 , subdural, and/or @entity6 in an @entity0 with little signs of external @entity2 . Studies have shown that, in general, the average short fall in the home is extremely unlikely to produce either subdural or @entity12 , although focal injuries such as @entity4 and @entity9 may be seen. Acceleration/deceleration, especially of the rotational type, is believed to be the most probable mechanism of injury in cases of nonaccidental @entity8 . Damage to the cervicomedullary junction and the respiratory centers, with subsequent @entity7 and @entity1 , has also been implicated. After the initial @entity2 and @entity9 , loss of cerebral autoregulation, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, and disruption of ionic homeostasis occur, leading to @entity10 and @entity3 . Cellular damage can involve large volumes of tissue, without respecting vascular territories. CONCLUSION: Overall, a satisfactory biomechanical model is lacking, and the criminal nature of @entity2 makes it difficult to perform systematic, controlled studies. Unfortunately, outcomes are poor, and the rate of repeated abusive episodes is high. Future research should focus on the development of a satisfactory research model and on prevention strategies.

title: Nonaccidental @entity8 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although various relationships between the lower and upper airways have been found, the association of @entity3 with chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity1 has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study was undertaken to examine the association of @entity3 with chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity2 . METHODS: In a prospective study, 56 @entity0 with idiopathic and 32 with postinfective @entity3 were evaluated for chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity2 by using EP(3)OS criteria and assessing: symptoms score, nasal endoscopy, sinonasal and chest CT scan, nasal and lung function and nasal and exhaled NO. RESULTS: Most @entity3 @entity0 (77%) satisfied the EP(3)OS criteria for chronic rhinosinusitis, with anterior (98.5%) and posterior (91%) @entity4 and nasal congestion (90%) being the major symptoms. @entity0 presented maxillary, ethmoidal and ostiomeatal complex occupancy with a total CT score of 8.4 +/- 0.4 (0-24). Using endoscopy, @entity1 with a moderate score of 1.6 +/- 0.1 (0-3) were found in 25% of @entity0 . Nasal NO was significantly lower in @entity0 with @entity2 (347 +/- 62 ppb) than in those without them (683 +/- 76 ppb; P < 0.001), and inversely correlated (R = -0.36; P < 0.01) with the ostiomeatal complex occupancy. In the chest CT scan, @entity0 with chronic rhinosinusitis showed a higher @entity3 severity score (7.2 +/- 0.5; P < 0.001) than @entity0 without (3.7 +/- 0.7). The prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis, @entity1 and other outcomes were similar in @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The frequent association of chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity2 with idiopathic and postinfective BQ supports the united airways concept, and it suggests that the two type of @entity3 share common etiopathogenic mechanisms.

title: United airways again: high prevalence of rhinosinusitis and XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although various relationships between the lower and upper airways have been found, the association of @entity3 with chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity1 has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study was undertaken to examine the association of @entity3 with chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity2 . METHODS: In a prospective study, 56 @entity0 with idiopathic and 32 with postinfective @entity3 were evaluated for chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity2 by using EP(3)OS criteria and assessing: symptoms score, nasal endoscopy, sinonasal and chest CT scan, nasal and lung function and nasal and exhaled NO. RESULTS: Most @entity3 @entity0 (77%) satisfied the EP(3)OS criteria for chronic rhinosinusitis, with anterior (98.5%) and posterior (91%) @entity4 and nasal congestion (90%) being the major symptoms. @entity0 presented maxillary, ethmoidal and ostiomeatal complex occupancy with a total CT score of 8.4 +/- 0.4 (0-24). Using endoscopy, @entity1 with a moderate score of 1.6 +/- 0.1 (0-3) were found in 25% of @entity0 . Nasal NO was significantly lower in @entity0 with @entity2 (347 +/- 62 ppb) than in those without them (683 +/- 76 ppb; P < 0.001), and inversely correlated (R = -0.36; P < 0.01) with the ostiomeatal complex occupancy. In the chest CT scan, @entity0 with chronic rhinosinusitis showed a higher @entity3 severity score (7.2 +/- 0.5; P < 0.001) than @entity0 without (3.7 +/- 0.7). The prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis, @entity1 and other outcomes were similar in @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The frequent association of chronic rhinosinusitis and @entity2 with idiopathic and postinfective BQ supports the united airways concept, and it suggests that the two type of @entity3 share common etiopathogenic mechanisms.

title: United airways again: high prevalence of rhinosinusitis and @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The most efficacious and commonly applied anesthetic technique for prostate biopsy is @entity2 . In a previous publication, the creation of a 'hypoechoic space' at the injection site was described. This was reported to be a routine and essential part of the technique in various subsequent series. We were interested in assessing the incidence of the formation of such a hypoechoic area, and more importantly, whether it had any impact on @entity1 management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and eleven consecutive @entity0 were prospectively evaluated. Local anesthetic consisted of 2.5 ml of 2% @entity3 for each side of the prostate. Infiltration was done within the neurovascular space at the base of the prostate just lateral to the junction between the prostate and the seminal vesicle. The creation of a hypoechoic nodule was recorded in three categories: no formation, unilateral or bilateral formation. Three groups were compared regarding the intensity of @entity1 using a numeric analog scale. RESULTS: No hypoechoic area was formed in 30 (27%) @entity0 . A unilateral nodule was created in 40 (36%), and a bilateral nodule was seen in 41 (37%) @entity0 . The median @entity1 scores were 3.3, 2.5 and 1.3 for the no hypoechoic wheal, unilateral and bilateral wheal groups, respectively (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the creation of a hypoechoic space with anesthetic infiltration for prostate biopsy is indeed an important aspect of the technique with regard to @entity1 control; however, it may not be accomplished in every case.

title: Hypoechoic space formation with XXXX : myth or reality?

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 are the result of @entity5 of the terminal tendon. Most acute mallet fingers can be treated by continuous splinting of the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) joint in extension for 5-6 weeks. @entity4 require open reduction and internal fixation. Treatment of chronic @entity2 must be individualized. If there is a flexible @entity0 , spiral oblique ligament reconstruction is indicated. For a fixed @entity7 , @entity6 joint arthrodesis is preferred. Profundus @entity2 , or jersey finger, seen within 10 days of injury require operative reattachment of the profundus tendon. Treatment of @entity3 more than 10-14 days after injury must be individualized and depends on location of the stump (palm vs. digit), time from injury, passive mobility of the digit, and individual functional demands. @entity1 , where the stump is distal to the proximal interphalangeal joint can often be advanced secondarily. Other options include no treatment, stump excision with or without @entity6 joint arthrodesis, or flexor tendon reconstruction with a free graft. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, Level V (Expert opinion).

title: Tendon XXXX of the distal phalanx.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a rare @entity0 composed of stromal and epithelial elements. It usually runs a benign course but it may metastasize. In a 31-year-old @entity1 with recurring @entity8 , a @entity4 in the leg developed. The question arose whether the @entity3 could be a @entity2 from the @entity8 , which would have major treatment consequences. The problem was addressed using molecular methods, i.e., comparison of the pattern of polymorphic repeat markers on chromosome 17p as well as single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and sequencing of exons 5 to 8 of the @entity5 gene in both @entity3 and normal tissue. An identical pattern of loss of heterozygosity in both @entity0 was demonstrated, but a different pattern was shown in the @entity3 in the leg. This led to the conclusion that the @entity3 had to be a new @entity3 . A mutation in codon 162 of the @entity5 gene was found in the @entity3 tissue as well as in the normal tissue of this @entity1 . This germ line mutation leads to the replacement of @entity7 by @entity6 and most likely has functional consequences. In all four examined @entity3 of this @entity1 , the normal @entity5 allele was lost. This is strong evidence that this germ line @entity5 mutation causes the genesis of these two rare primary @entity4 in this young @entity1 . The current study exemplifies the power of molecular diagnostic methods in investigating the specific clinical problem of clonal relation between two separate @entity3 . The germ line mutation found in codon 162 of the @entity5 gene and the association with @entity8 phyllodes have not been described previously.

title: Molecular assessment of clonality leads to the identification of a new germ line XXXX mutation associated with @entity8 and soft tissue sarcoma.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a rare @entity0 composed of stromal and epithelial elements. It usually runs a benign course but it may metastasize. In a 31-year-old @entity1 with recurring @entity8 , a @entity4 in the leg developed. The question arose whether the @entity3 could be a @entity2 from the @entity8 , which would have major treatment consequences. The problem was addressed using molecular methods, i.e., comparison of the pattern of polymorphic repeat markers on chromosome 17p as well as single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and sequencing of exons 5 to 8 of the @entity5 gene in both @entity3 and normal tissue. An identical pattern of loss of heterozygosity in both @entity0 was demonstrated, but a different pattern was shown in the @entity3 in the leg. This led to the conclusion that the @entity3 had to be a new @entity3 . A mutation in codon 162 of the @entity5 gene was found in the @entity3 tissue as well as in the normal tissue of this @entity1 . This germ line mutation leads to the replacement of @entity7 by @entity6 and most likely has functional consequences. In all four examined @entity3 of this @entity1 , the normal @entity5 allele was lost. This is strong evidence that this germ line @entity5 mutation causes the genesis of these two rare primary @entity4 in this young @entity1 . The current study exemplifies the power of molecular diagnostic methods in investigating the specific clinical problem of clonal relation between two separate @entity3 . The germ line mutation found in codon 162 of the @entity5 gene and the association with @entity8 phyllodes have not been described previously.

title: Molecular assessment of clonality leads to the identification of a new germ line @entity5 mutation associated with XXXX and soft tissue sarcoma.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity6 ( @entity7 ) in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract sequelae of radiotherapy. METHODS: Eligible @entity0 were those with grade 1 to 3 radiation related @entity5 , @entity1 and/or @entity2 . At least 4 weeks had to elapse since the completion of the radiotherapy course. @entity0 with @entity3 diathesis or @entity4 , and patients receiving anticoagulants or chemotherapy were excluded. Stratification criteria included the type of sequelae ( @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity2 ), the severity grade and the onset (<3 months post-RT, >3 months post-RT). @entity0 were randomized to one of the following arms: 100 mg @entity7 3 times per day (300 mg/day), 200 mg @entity7 3 times per day (600 mg/day), or placebo 3 times per day. If there was no improvement in symptoms after 2 months, the protocol treatment was discontinued. If the symptoms improved or resolved, the protocol treatment was continued for additional 4 months. @entity0 under treatment were evaluated monthly, than every 2 to 3 months for the next 18 months. A symptom assessment questionnaire was used to measure quality of life endpoints. RESULTS: From June 1999 to March 2001 180 @entity0 were accessioned from 34 institutions. A total of 168 were analyzable. Neither the best observed response within 3 months for the entire population, nor the response rate within sequelae category or the quality of life measures differed significantly between the 3 arms of the study. CONCLUSION: Administration of @entity7 has not been associated with an improvement in the clinical course of radiation related morbidity of the gastrointestinal tract.

title: Phase III study of @entity6 ( XXXX ) in treatment of gastrointestinal tract sequelae of radiotherapy.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity6 ( @entity7 ) in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract sequelae of radiotherapy. METHODS: Eligible @entity0 were those with grade 1 to 3 radiation related @entity5 , @entity1 and/or @entity2 . At least 4 weeks had to elapse since the completion of the radiotherapy course. @entity0 with @entity3 diathesis or @entity4 , and patients receiving anticoagulants or chemotherapy were excluded. Stratification criteria included the type of sequelae ( @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity2 ), the severity grade and the onset (<3 months post-RT, >3 months post-RT). @entity0 were randomized to one of the following arms: 100 mg @entity7 3 times per day (300 mg/day), 200 mg @entity7 3 times per day (600 mg/day), or placebo 3 times per day. If there was no improvement in symptoms after 2 months, the protocol treatment was discontinued. If the symptoms improved or resolved, the protocol treatment was continued for additional 4 months. @entity0 under treatment were evaluated monthly, than every 2 to 3 months for the next 18 months. A symptom assessment questionnaire was used to measure quality of life endpoints. RESULTS: From June 1999 to March 2001 180 @entity0 were accessioned from 34 institutions. A total of 168 were analyzable. Neither the best observed response within 3 months for the entire population, nor the response rate within sequelae category or the quality of life measures differed significantly between the 3 arms of the study. CONCLUSION: Administration of @entity7 has not been associated with an improvement in the clinical course of radiation related morbidity of the gastrointestinal tract.

title: Phase III study of XXXX ( @entity7 ) in treatment of gastrointestinal tract sequelae of radiotherapy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Social Marketing Theory is a comprehensive approach of program development encompassing the needs and preferences of the intended audience. It was hypothesized a Social Marketing Theory-based, registered dietitian-led, in-home, @entity1 -targeted diet-education program would improve the dietary status of community-residing older @entity0 . Using a randomized control group design, this 90-day program in two North Carolina counties included 58 @entity0 (30 control; 28 intervention) ages 54 to 83 years. Data were collected using the Mini Nutritional Assessment, three 3-day food records, and program evaluations. The intervention group received two individual registered dietitian-led in-home education sessions and the control group received education material mailings (Visits 2 and 3). Pretested education materials were used. Visits/mailings were scheduled 28 to 30 days apart. Variables measured included @entity1 -related dietary practices and dietary status (Mini Nutritional Assessment). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired sample t tests, multivariant analyses, and independent t tests. Intervention and control Mini Nutritional Assessment scores improved (P=0.0001). Intervention subjects consumed more fiber than control (P=0.013) and reduced @entity3 intake (P=0.02). Controls reduced energy (P=0.01) and @entity2 intakes (P=0.029), likely because of the decreased food intake. The majority (n=51, 87.9%) rated the program as good to excellent and almost all (n=55, 94.8%) would recommend the program to a friend. The most popular features of the program were the individualized sessions (n=20, 34.5%) and diet analyses (n=11, 19%). These results suggest that @entity1 diet-education materials utilizing Social Marketing Theory principles can lead to improved dietary status among community-residing older @entity0 .

title: A social marketing theory-based diet-education program for XXXX ages 54 to 83 years improved dietary status.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the first accurate prevalence of @entity2 associated with the use of the SmartPlug. METHODS: All @entity0 from a single private ophthalmology practice who received SmartPlugs from 2002 to 2007 were identified. All @entity0 from the private ophthalmology practice that developed @entity2 secondary to SmartPlug insertion were referred to a single private ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery office. A retrospective review of those 17 @entity0 was performed. RESULTS: From 2002 to 2007, a total of 235 @entity0 were identified from a single private ophthalmology practice with a total of 402 SmartPlugs inserted. Of those 235 @entity0 , 17 developed @entity2 and were referred to a single private ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery office. The prevalence of @entity2 per @entity0 was 7.23%. The prevalence of @entity2 per SmartPlug inserted was 4.73%. The average time from SmartPlugs insertion to onset of symptoms was 3 years. All affected @entity0 required canaliculotomy and plug removal. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study reporting the prevalence of @entity2 associated with the use of the SmartPlug. All affected @entity0 required surgical intervention, after which many continued to have @entity1 and one required bilateral Jones tubes. Ophthalmologists using the SmartPlug for the treatment of @entity1 should carefully weigh the risks and benefits of their use.

title: Prevalence of XXXX requiring removal of SmartPlugs.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We examined the levels of anti-thymocyte/T lymphocyte autoantibody (ATA) in the serum of @entity0 injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from periodontopathic bacteria; @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity7 , and non-oral @entity3 . All of the LPS induced IgM-ATA. Among these, LPS from @entity7 induced the highest level of IgM-ATA, whereas that of @entity4 induced the lowest. The peritoneal T lymphocytes of @entity0 injected with LPS were bound by IgM-ATA. Peritoneal B-1 (CD5+B) cells stimulated by each LPS produced much more IgM-ATA than splenic B-2 (CD5-B) cells, suggesting that B-1 cells might be responsible for the production of these antibodies. Serum of @entity0 injected with @entity7 and @entity6 LPS showed @entity2 against thymocytes in the presence of @entity1 complements. Binding and @entity2 were confirmed by IgM purified from serum of the @entity0 injected with @entity7 LPS. Furthermore, serum of @entity0 treated with @entity7 , @entity6 or A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS inhibited the proliferation of thymocytes. However, purified IgM from the serum of @entity0 treated with @entity7 LPS failed to produce the same inhibition. Our results suggest that LPS from certain species of periodontopathic bacteria can induce IgM-ATA in the serum and these antibodies may modulate the local immune network in periodontal tissues.

title: Induction of anti-thymocyte/T lymphocyte antibodies in XXXX injected with lipopolysaccharides from periodontopathic bacteria.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 566 @entity0 with @entity1 were treated at the Clinic of Orthopaedics at the University Hospital Olomouc. Of these, 181 were operated for @entity3 of the rotator cuff (RC). They were categorised according to the Gschwend classification, age and gender(1). Laterality of the operated limb was also evaluated. @entity0 with @entity3 larger than 4 cm were treated by open operation. 84 shoulders with @entity3 classified as Gschwend I, II and IIIa -52 males and 32 females-were treated arthroscopically. The age of the operated @entity0 ranged from 40-60 years. In both genders, the right shoulder was more often affected. Two operating techniques were used: 1) Transosseal refixation of the RC muscle tendons, using RC MITEK anchor implants, 2) "End to end" sutures, without implants(2-4). Operating time was reduced to 30-40 min. The operating results were evaluated according to the UCLA criteria- University of California Shoulder Rating Score(2). 45 @entity0 achieved excellent results (53 %), 35 @entity0 had good results (42 %), and 4 @entity0 (5 %) obtained satisfactory results. None of the @entity0 obtained poor results- a score of less than 20 was poor. @entity0 felt comfortable following the operation and none had any post-operational complications. The author is convinced, along with others, that arthroscopic suturing of RC @entity3 classified I-IIIa allows for @entity3 treatment that in the past had to be treated by open technique(2-5). The deltoid muscle is not affected by arthroscopy. There is normalisation of the @entity0 's movement, @entity2 , force, and rotational stability is comparable to the healthy limb. Treatment time is reduced to a minimum and the @entity0 may soon return to normal daily life.

title: Arthroscopic treatment of XXXX of the rotator cuff.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The goal of the study was to monitor the antioxidative effect of @entity4 derivative in the conditions of @entity1 -reperfusion of @entity0 kidney tissue. The animals were divided by random selection into 5 groups (n = 10). The treated groups were given @entity4 derivate in peroral doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg in 0.5 % solution of Avicel once a day; the placebo group was given only the solution of Avicel. The last group was an intact group (without @entity1 -reperfusion and without treatment). After conclusion of medication on the 15th day all animals were subjected to kidney tissue @entity1 (60 min.) followed by reperfusion (10 min.). All animals were subsequently exsanquined and single identification of superoxiddismutase, glutathion peroxidase, total antioxidative capacity, and @entity2 level in the blood were determined. Kidneys were recovered for histopathological examination. A statistically significant decrease of the superoxiddismutase and statistically significant increase of the @entity3 peroxidase catalytic activity in the treated groups compared to the groups of placebo and intact was discovered. There was also a statistically highly significant increase of total antioxidative capacity in the treated groups compared to the groups of placebo and intact. A statistically significant decrease of @entity2 level was identified in the treated groups compared to the groups of placebo and intact. The results of biochemical examination show a protective antioxidative effect of @entity4 derivative. The results of histopathological examination support this assumption.

title: Influence of antioxidant effect of XXXX derivative in condition of kidney ischemia-reperfusion in a pre-clinical experiment (effect in prophylaxis).

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ), collectively referred to as @entity3 ( @entity3 ), cause significant morbidity and generate a substantial cost to the health care system. Canadian data on the incidence of @entity3 are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence and characteristics of @entity3 in New Brunswick, Canada (population 729,498 @entity0 in 2001), by using the Provincial @entity1 Registry. METHOD: Data were obtained from 1992 to 2001 from the New Brunswick Provincial @entity1 Registry, to which reporting of all @entity1 is mandatory. @entity1 of a given histologic type are recorded only once in the registry per individual per lifetime. A descriptive analysis of incidence rates of @entity4 and invasive @entity2 of the skin was performed in relation to gender, age, and anatomic location. The main outcome measures were the age- and sex-specific incidence rates of @entity4 and @entity2 . Age standardization was performed using the Canadian, US, and world standard populations. RESULTS: When adjusted to the world standard population, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100,000 population for @entity4 from 1992 through 2001 were 87 for males and 68 for females. For invasive @entity2 , the ASIRs per 100,000 population were 34 for males and 16 for females. There was an increasing incidence trend for both @entity4 and invasive @entity2 over the 10-year study period, with minimal change in the incidence of @entity2 in @entity0 . The overall ratio of @entity4 to invasive @entity2 in the population was 2.8 to 1. The approximate lifetime probabilities of developing @entity4 and invasive @entity2 were 13% and 5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity3 in the province of New Brunswick is similar to that reported from 1973 through 1987 in the province of British Columbia, higher than those reported in most parts of Europe, and lower than all published rates in the United States and Australia. Owing to the inability of the registry to account for @entity1 multiplicity, the actual annual number of all @entity3 lesions in this population is likely much higher.

title: Incidence of XXXX in New Brunswick, Canada, 1992 to 2001.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 are rare neoplasms characterized by a dismal prognosis relative to other @entity5 . Approximately 98% of @entity1 are of B-cell origin, and most belong to the diffuse large B-cell type. Recently, diffuse large @entity6 have been subcategorized into germinal center and nongerminal center types based on gene expression profiles and immunohistochemical expression of @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity10 . Studies have shown that the overall survival rate of the germinal center group is better than that of the @entity5 . In this study, 31 cases of @entity1 of the diffuse large B-cell type were retrieved, reviewed, and immunostained for @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity10 , and Ki-67. Subclassification was carried out as described earlier, where @entity7 and/or @entity8 positivity and negativity for @entity10 were considered characteristic of germinal center subtype and the opposite expression of nongerminal center subtype. Furthermore, the proliferative activity was semiquantitatively assessed using percent positive cells staining with Ki-67. Of the 31 cases examined, 26 (84%) were found to belong to the nongerminal center type. The Ki-67 index in these 26 cases ranged from 30 to 90% (mean, 69%). Five cases were categorized as the germinal center subtype. They had an Ki-67 index between 70 and 90% (mean, 78%). Interestingly, none of our @entity0 were known to be @entity4 positive. One @entity0 had a 10-year history of orthotopic liver transplant. We also performed fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis on @entity2 -fixed material and found that 38% of the cases where tissue was available had abnormalities of MYC/ @entity9 and/or @entity9 / @entity3 . We conclude that most primary central nervous system diffuse large @entity6 are of the nongerminal center origin. Regardless of the germinal center status, all cases showed a high proliferative rate. A statistically significant difference in the overall survival between the two groups was not seen.

title: Most primary central nervous system diffuse large XXXX occurring in immunocompetent individuals belong to the nongerminal center subtype: a retrospective analysis of 31 cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Most esophageal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) express T-cell markers. Increased numbers of esophageal IELs have been shown in @entity1 . The cytotoxic potential and activity of esophageal IELs have not as yet been examined. Our objectives were to determine whether esophageal IELs express the recently described cytotoxic T-cell (CTLs) markers, @entity8 and @entity7 , and whether the number of CTLs correlates with well-defined endoscopic, clinical, and histological features of @entity6 . In this study, most CD-3+ esophageal IELs exhibit the @entity2 +/ @entity8 + T cell with cytotoxic potential phenotype in both histologically normal biopsy specimens and in biopsy specimens with @entity6 . A subpopulation of esophageal IELs that express cytotoxic activity was identified by @entity7 immunostaining. A significant positive association was found between the number of esophageal IELs seen by light microscopy in biopsy specimens with histological features of reflux (21 IELs/HPF) and @entity6 (31 IELs/HPF) as compared with normal-appearing biopsy specimens (10 IELs/HPF) (P< or =.05). Furthermore, the number of @entity8 or @entity7 -positive IELs were significantly increased in biopsy specimens with @entity1 (34 and 15 cells/HPF) and @entity6 (44 and 18 cells/HPF) as compared with normal (11 and 2 cells/HPF) (P< or =.05). @entity7 and CD-3-positive IELs were also significantly elevated in biopsy specimens with reflux-associated @entity4 (P< or =.05). Finally, biopsy specimens of @entity0 with @entity3 and to a lesser extent @entity5 /heartburn exhibited increased numbers of IELs bearing the cytotoxic phenotype when compared with asymptomatic @entity0 . In conclusion, we provide immunohistochemical evidence that most esophageal IELs exhibit the cytotoxic phenotype and that activated cytotoxic IELs are increased in reflux and @entity6 .

title: Assessment and diagnostic utility of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte phenotype using the specific markers @entity7 and XXXX in esophageal mucosal biopsies.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Most esophageal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) express T-cell markers. Increased numbers of esophageal IELs have been shown in @entity1 . The cytotoxic potential and activity of esophageal IELs have not as yet been examined. Our objectives were to determine whether esophageal IELs express the recently described cytotoxic T-cell (CTLs) markers, @entity8 and @entity7 , and whether the number of CTLs correlates with well-defined endoscopic, clinical, and histological features of @entity6 . In this study, most CD-3+ esophageal IELs exhibit the @entity2 +/ @entity8 + T cell with cytotoxic potential phenotype in both histologically normal biopsy specimens and in biopsy specimens with @entity6 . A subpopulation of esophageal IELs that express cytotoxic activity was identified by @entity7 immunostaining. A significant positive association was found between the number of esophageal IELs seen by light microscopy in biopsy specimens with histological features of reflux (21 IELs/HPF) and @entity6 (31 IELs/HPF) as compared with normal-appearing biopsy specimens (10 IELs/HPF) (P< or =.05). Furthermore, the number of @entity8 or @entity7 -positive IELs were significantly increased in biopsy specimens with @entity1 (34 and 15 cells/HPF) and @entity6 (44 and 18 cells/HPF) as compared with normal (11 and 2 cells/HPF) (P< or =.05). @entity7 and CD-3-positive IELs were also significantly elevated in biopsy specimens with reflux-associated @entity4 (P< or =.05). Finally, biopsy specimens of @entity0 with @entity3 and to a lesser extent @entity5 /heartburn exhibited increased numbers of IELs bearing the cytotoxic phenotype when compared with asymptomatic @entity0 . In conclusion, we provide immunohistochemical evidence that most esophageal IELs exhibit the cytotoxic phenotype and that activated cytotoxic IELs are increased in reflux and @entity6 .

title: Assessment and diagnostic utility of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte phenotype using the specific markers XXXX and @entity8 in esophageal mucosal biopsies.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantify the relative @entity0 dose of @entity1 during breast feeding, describe the milk:plasma (M:P) ratio, and determine the well-being of the exposed @entity0 . CASE SUMMARY: A 26-year-old mother and her 3-month-old son were studied over a 24 hour @entity1 dose interval at steady-state. @entity1 concentrations were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. @entity0 exposure was calculated as the concentration in milk multiplied by an estimated milk production of 0.15 L/kg/day and normalized to the weight-adjusted maternal dose. The average concentration in milk was 41 microg/L, the M:P ratio (measured using average concentrations in the elimination phase) was 0.29, and the relative @entity0 dose was 0.09% of the maternal weight-adjusted dose (7273 microg/kg/day). The @entity0 plasma concentration of 1.4 microg/L was some 6% of the corresponding maternal plasma concentration. No adverse effects were noted in the @entity0 . DISCUSSION: Our findings of an @entity0 exposure to @entity1 of less than 0.1% of the maternal dose and a lack of adverse effects confirm and extend the findings of 2 previous studies. CONCLUSIONS: Although limited, the data shown here support the prescription of @entity1 to a breast-feeding mother following a careful individual risk/benefit analysis. We suggest regular monitoring of @entity0 progress and occasional measurement of @entity1 in the @entity0 's plasma.

title: XXXX and breast feeding.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Research suggests that @entity4 may become persistent after mild @entity1 (mTBI). The aim of this study was to investigate determinants of subjective complaints, characteristic for @entity4 , 23 years after mTBI. RESEARCH DESIGN: The study was a follow-up after a prospective @entity2 study at a general hospital in Norway. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Ninety-seven @entity0 were assessed with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) 23 years after sustaining primarily mTBI. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: A good overall outcome was found with scores close to the normative mean, average length of education and normal employment rate. However, the @entity0 that sustained complicated mTBI showed somewhat more pathological scores, well-matched with mild @entity4 . The most important predictors of poor outcome were a combination of post-traumatic @entity3 >30 minutes and EEG pathology within 24 hours after @entity1 . No influence of pre- and post-injury risk factors on current MMPI-2 profiles was found. CONCLUSIONS: The results are in line with previous research findings and support the notion of potentially differential impact of uncomplicated vs. complicated mTBI. The findings suggest that complicated mTBI may cause @entity4 .

title: Indicators of complicated mild XXXX predict MMPI-2 scores after 23 years.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The adverse effects of opioids are well documented. Because opioid receptors have a wide-ranging anatomic distribution, the effects subsequent to opioid binding, both good and bad, occur centrally and in the periphery. Postoperative strategies to reduce opioid burden, therefore, are in the @entity0 's best interest. Multimodal @entity3 is the key towards balancing the need for opioids while simultaneously reducing their burden. Alternative anesthesia and @entity3 options such as regional anesthesia, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or @entity4 enzyme inhibitors should be considered part of multimodal protocols. Familiarity of where these drugs are active in the body and how they can be employed is imperative for all surgical team members. Optimal implementation of multimodal approaches can reduce hospital stay and improve clinical outcomes, including @entity0 satisfaction. Finally, strategies that may help reduce rates of hospital readmission also contribute to overall improved outcome. New peripherally acting mu-opioid-receptor antagonists represent significant progress in the ability of perianesthesia nurses to play an even greater role in achieving these goals. In contrast to older opioid-receptor antagonists, these agents specifically target an important aspect of the multifactorial etiology of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), mu-opioid-receptor-mediated activity in the GI tract. In addition, they do not pass the blood-brain barrier or diminish opioid-mediated @entity3 . Advanced clinical trials have already demonstrated the ability of one of these agents, @entity5 , to reduce @entity1 and improve other postoperative outcomes while maintaining adequate @entity3 . Combined with other options aimed at reducing opioid burden, alvimopan and similar drugs in development hold promise as part of multimodal protocols to optimize @entity2 management while minimizing postoperative morbidities.

title: Peripherally acting mu-opioid-receptor antagonists and the connection between XXXX and @entity2 management: The anesthesiologist's view and beyond.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The adverse effects of opioids are well documented. Because opioid receptors have a wide-ranging anatomic distribution, the effects subsequent to opioid binding, both good and bad, occur centrally and in the periphery. Postoperative strategies to reduce opioid burden, therefore, are in the @entity0 's best interest. Multimodal @entity3 is the key towards balancing the need for opioids while simultaneously reducing their burden. Alternative anesthesia and @entity3 options such as regional anesthesia, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or @entity4 enzyme inhibitors should be considered part of multimodal protocols. Familiarity of where these drugs are active in the body and how they can be employed is imperative for all surgical team members. Optimal implementation of multimodal approaches can reduce hospital stay and improve clinical outcomes, including @entity0 satisfaction. Finally, strategies that may help reduce rates of hospital readmission also contribute to overall improved outcome. New peripherally acting mu-opioid-receptor antagonists represent significant progress in the ability of perianesthesia nurses to play an even greater role in achieving these goals. In contrast to older opioid-receptor antagonists, these agents specifically target an important aspect of the multifactorial etiology of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), mu-opioid-receptor-mediated activity in the GI tract. In addition, they do not pass the blood-brain barrier or diminish opioid-mediated @entity3 . Advanced clinical trials have already demonstrated the ability of one of these agents, @entity5 , to reduce @entity1 and improve other postoperative outcomes while maintaining adequate @entity3 . Combined with other options aimed at reducing opioid burden, alvimopan and similar drugs in development hold promise as part of multimodal protocols to optimize @entity2 management while minimizing postoperative morbidities.

title: Peripherally acting mu-opioid-receptor antagonists and the connection between @entity1 and XXXX management: The anesthesiologist's view and beyond.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has significant prognostic implications for long-term outcomes in @entity0 undergoing liver transplantation. In several retrospective studies, perioperative variables have been associated with @entity5 . These variables have been mainly associated with changes in @entity6 concentrations over several days or months post-transplantation. To better define @entity5 , new markers have become available that help to identify @entity0 at risk for @entity1 within hours of a triggering insult. We prospectively enrolled liver transplant @entity0 at our institutions to evaluate @entity7 ( @entity7 ), a marker of early @entity1 , as a surrogate for @entity5 in @entity0 undergoing liver transplantation. Blood was prospectively collected at predetermined time points from 59 @entity0 at 2 institutions. The electronic anesthesia records and the hospital computer data system were reviewed for perioperative variables. Data collection included @entity0 demographics, intraoperative variables such as fluid management, transfusion requirements, hemodynamics, and urine output. Subsequently, @entity0 were grouped according to the presence of risk for developing @entity5 as defined by the RIFLE (risk, @entity2 , loss, and @entity4 ) criteria. The difference between the @entity7 concentration 2 hours after reperfusion and the baseline @entity7 concentration was predictive of @entity5 in all @entity0 , including @entity0 with preexisting @entity1 . In @entity0 with @entity6 concentrations less than 1.5 mg/dL, a single @entity7 determination 2 hours after reperfusion of the liver was associated with the development of @entity5 . Total occlusion of the inferior vena cava was associated with @entity5 . In conclusion, @entity7 concentrations obtained during surgery were highly associated with postoperative @entity5 in @entity0 undergoing liver transplantation. These findings will allow the design of larger interventional studies. Our findings regarding the impact of surgical techniques and @entity3 require validation in larger studies.

title: @entity5 during liver transplantation as determined by XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has significant prognostic implications for long-term outcomes in @entity0 undergoing liver transplantation. In several retrospective studies, perioperative variables have been associated with @entity5 . These variables have been mainly associated with changes in @entity6 concentrations over several days or months post-transplantation. To better define @entity5 , new markers have become available that help to identify @entity0 at risk for @entity1 within hours of a triggering insult. We prospectively enrolled liver transplant @entity0 at our institutions to evaluate @entity7 ( @entity7 ), a marker of early @entity1 , as a surrogate for @entity5 in @entity0 undergoing liver transplantation. Blood was prospectively collected at predetermined time points from 59 @entity0 at 2 institutions. The electronic anesthesia records and the hospital computer data system were reviewed for perioperative variables. Data collection included @entity0 demographics, intraoperative variables such as fluid management, transfusion requirements, hemodynamics, and urine output. Subsequently, @entity0 were grouped according to the presence of risk for developing @entity5 as defined by the RIFLE (risk, @entity2 , loss, and @entity4 ) criteria. The difference between the @entity7 concentration 2 hours after reperfusion and the baseline @entity7 concentration was predictive of @entity5 in all @entity0 , including @entity0 with preexisting @entity1 . In @entity0 with @entity6 concentrations less than 1.5 mg/dL, a single @entity7 determination 2 hours after reperfusion of the liver was associated with the development of @entity5 . Total occlusion of the inferior vena cava was associated with @entity5 . In conclusion, @entity7 concentrations obtained during surgery were highly associated with postoperative @entity5 in @entity0 undergoing liver transplantation. These findings will allow the design of larger interventional studies. Our findings regarding the impact of surgical techniques and @entity3 require validation in larger studies.

title: XXXX during liver transplantation as determined by @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity0 is essential for plant growth, and in many soils @entity0 availability limits crop production. Most plants in natural ecosystems obtain @entity0 via a symbiotic partnership with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. While the significance of these associations is apparent, their molecular basis is poorly understood. Consequently, the potential to harness the @entity1 to improve @entity0 nutrition in agriculture is not realized. Transcript profiling has recently been used to investigate gene expression changes that accompany development of the AM symbiosis. While these approaches have enabled the identification of AM-symbiosis-associated genes, they have generally involved the use of RNA from whole mycorrhizal roots. Laser microdissection techniques allow the dissection and capture of individual cells from a tissue. RNA can then be isolated from these samples and cell-type specific gene expression information can be obtained. This technology has been applied to obtain cells from plants and more recently to study plant-microbe interactions. The latter techniques, particularly those developed for root-microbe interactions, are of relevance to plant-parasitic weed research. Here, laser microdissection, its use in plant biology and in particular plant-microbe interactions are discussed. An overview of the AM symbiosis is then provided, with a focus on recent advances in understanding development of the arbuscule-cortical cell interface. Finally, the recent applications of laser microdissection for analyses of AM symbiosis are discussed.

title: Laser microdissection and its application to analyze gene expression in arbuscular XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To evaluate routine modified D2 lymphadenectomy in @entity1 , based on immunohistochemically detected @entity2 micrometastases in level II lymph nodes. METHODS: Among 95 @entity1 @entity0 who were routinely submitted to curative modified D2 lymphadenectomy, from January 2004 to December 2008, 32 were classified as pN0. All level I lymph nodes of these 32 @entity0 were submitted to immunohistochemistry for micrometastases detection. @entity0 in whom micrometastases were detected in the level I lymph node stations (n = 4) were excluded from further analysis. The level II lymph nodes of the remaining 28 @entity0 were studied immunohistochemically for micrometastases detection and constitute the material of the present study. RESULTS: @entity2 micrometastases in the level II lymph nodes were detected in 14% (4 out of 28) of the @entity0 . The incidence was further increased to 17% (4 out of 24) in the subgroup of T1-2 @entity1 @entity0 . All micrometastases were detected in the No. 7 lymph node station. Thus, the disease was upstaged from stage IA to IB in one @entity0 and from stage IB to II in three @entity0 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1 , true R0 resection may not be achieved without modified D2 lymphadenectomy. Until D2+/D3 lymphadenectomy becomes standard, modified D2 lymphadenectomy should be performed routinely.

title: Routine modified D2 lymphadenectomy performance in pT1-T2N0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the feasibility and impact of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW MRI) as the first line neuroimaging of @entity1 at a district general hospital. METHODS: Prospective audit of all in- @entity0 admitted with clinically suspected @entity1 and referred for imaging over a consecutive 17 week period. The data collected included scan type, time from cerebral event to imaging request, and time from formal radiological request to neuroimaging. Clinicians' (general physicians, neurologists, and radiologists) perceptions were assessed by a questionnaire. RESULTS: 148 @entity0 had neuroimaging for clinically suspected @entity1 during this period. Eighty one per cent of @entity0 (120 of 148) had DW MRI as first line. Ninety two per cent of these @entity0 had DW MRI within 24 hours of the formal radiological request. Twenty eight @entity0 did not undergo DW MRI because lack of MRI safety, clinical state, unavailability because of maintenance service or lack of trained staff. Clinicians found the introduction of the DW MRI based service a significant improvement on computed tomography, especially for equivocal cases. CONCLUSION: DW based MRI service is both feasible and sustainable in the setting of a district general hospital and most clinicians feel that this is a significant improvement to @entity1 services.

title: Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging for XXXX : practical and popular.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are common, and so are the difficulties in specific diagnoses of these disorders. Prior studies have shed light on the nerves in the diagnostic approach beside disorders related to @entity2 ( @entity2 ). OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to compare the distribution of @entity6 , and the vibration perception threshold (VPT) in different diagnostic groups according to 1) A-criteria: the SALTSA consensus criteria, including @entity2 and four @entity3 , and 2) B-criteria: including @entity2 and 10 different @entity1 diagnoses--re-defined in an attempt to refine diagnostic criteria of @entity3 in respect of different @entity2 ; and further to discuss the impact of the presented criteria. METHODS: 161 @entity0 --recruited from 21 general practitioners--were examined by the same examiner according to the two sets of diagnostic criteria. VPT measurements were conducted in all @entity0 . RESULTS: Three @entity0 did not fulfill the criteria of any @entity7 diagnosis. A/B criteria were fulfilled for 181/183 upper limbs, respectively, out of which 29.3%/163.3% were @entity1 diagnoses alone, 23.8%/10.9% @entity5 alone, and 46.9%/25.7% were categorized as @entity1 in combination with @entity5 diagnoses. The overall agreement on presence of @entity1 was high (75%), but on focal level there was a large discrepancy. According to the A-criteria, @entity0 with symptoms located at wrist and shoulder were primarily defined with wrist diagnoses, and only few had concomitant shoulder diagnoses. In contrast, the B-criteria primarily defined @entity1 located at the shoulder, often concomitantly with @entity1 of the radial and the median nerve at the elbow, but seldom at the wrist level. In @entity2 defined by both sets of criteria--Rotator cuff syndrome and medial/ @entity4 --the A-criteria defined more @entity2 than the B-criteria, the B diagnoses typically constituted only a part of the A diagnoses and additionally defined @entity1 . The B-criteria showed more significant VPT findings than the A-criteria concerning the discrimination between limbs with and contralateral limbs without diagnoses as well as between diagnostic groups with and without @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The VPT findings suggest the B-criteria to be superior to A-criteria for differentiating between @entity0 with and without @entity1 . This study shows that @entity1 is extensive in @entity6 when specific diagnostic criteria are used. Additionally it suggests the importance of a critical revision of the current diagnostic criteria of @entity1 , and the differential diagnoses concerning the @entity2 . Management and prevention is highly dependent on correct diagnoses.

title: Diagnostic distribution of non-traumatic XXXX : vibrotactile sense in the evaluation of structured examination for optimal diagnostic criteria.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity15 are classified into two broad categories: acyanotic and @entity2 . The most common @entity2 are @entity12 , @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity13 , @entity5 and @entity11 . @entity8 is the primary concern in @entity0 with @entity2 . The most common @entity2 are tetralogy of @entity14 . In @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity7 is more of a problem than @entity8 . Suspicion of a @entity15 should be raised by the presence of feeding difficulties in association with @entity16 , sweating and @entity1 , or severe @entity10 . Follow-up of @entity0 with @entity4 should follow the schedule of routine care for healthy babies with some modifications, such as administration of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. More frequent follow-up is required if @entity8 is present. Family psychosocial issues should also be addressed. One of the main roles for the family physician is to help the parents put the diagnosis in perspective by clarifying expectations and misconceptions, and answering specific questions.

title: Caring for @entity0 with XXXX and their families.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity15 are classified into two broad categories: acyanotic and @entity2 . The most common @entity2 are @entity12 , @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity13 , @entity5 and @entity11 . @entity8 is the primary concern in @entity0 with @entity2 . The most common @entity2 are tetralogy of @entity14 . In @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity7 is more of a problem than @entity8 . Suspicion of a @entity15 should be raised by the presence of feeding difficulties in association with @entity16 , sweating and @entity1 , or severe @entity10 . Follow-up of @entity0 with @entity4 should follow the schedule of routine care for healthy babies with some modifications, such as administration of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. More frequent follow-up is required if @entity8 is present. Family psychosocial issues should also be addressed. One of the main roles for the family physician is to help the parents put the diagnosis in perspective by clarifying expectations and misconceptions, and answering specific questions.

title: Caring for XXXX with @entity4 and their families.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The incidence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) among middle-aged @entity0 has increased rapidly. For many of these @entity0 , curatively intended treatment does more harm than good. Established prognostic factors are @entity1 stage and grade. As a result of earlier detection a majority of @entity0 now have nonpalpable @entity1 (T1c) of intermediate grade (Gleason score 6). @entity3 in serum in such cases is generally at a low level and not a reliable predictor of prognosis. Altogether there is an urgent need for adjunctive prognostic indicators. In the search for relevant @entity1 markers for improved @entity0 selection an exploration of the proteome (the @entity0 proteins) could be fruitful. This paper critically reviews the use of 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) for proteome research. Additional steps such as image analysis and mass spectrometry are described. Techniques based on non-2-DE platforms: surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI), isotope coded affinity tags (ICAT) and array-based technologies are also summarized. Although labor-intensive and time-consuming, 2-DE is presently the most powerful method for analysis of cellular protein phenotype and may potentially reveal gene regulations that cannot be detected on a genetic level.

title: Proteomics in XXXX research.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 represents a physical and molecular barrier to axonal regeneration and has become an important target for regeneration research in chronic @entity4 . Although many methods have been proven useful for the prevention of scar formation in an @entity3 model, to date no effective method has been described to remove an existing @entity2 in a @entity5 . The chronic lesion possesses an irregular shaped scar that lines the entire perimeter of the cavity. In the present study, we used rose bengal, a molecule commonly used for biological staining, injected into the cavity at the injury site of Long-Evans @entity0 spinal cord (5 weeks after 25-mm contusion injury). Visible light was used to illuminate the injury site. Histological observation illustrates that at least partial @entity2 is ablated by rose bengal/illumination. The lack of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) immunoreactivity at the @entity2 coupled with the reduction of @entity1 density surrounding spared tissue suggests that this photochemical scar ablation preferentially kills astrocytes at the scar tissue but also reacts, to a lesser degree, in the spared tissue. There is an observed reduction of Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale scores after scar ablation, but it is not statistically significant from stabilized behavioral scoring prior to the scar ablation treatment. Our findings indicate that the rose bengal/illumination is feasible for ablation of the @entity2 which surrounds an irregular lesion cavity in shape. The scar ablation might provide a permissive environment for the regenerating axons when enriched by cellular or drug therapy.

title: Photochemical scar ablation in chronically contused spinal cord of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The main purpose of this report is to describe nine cases of @entity7 with @entity1 in the absence of history of corneal @entity6 or @entity5 . The authors studied nine @entity0 with @entity7 . Each @entity0 underwent complete ophthalmologic and dermatologic examinations. Three @entity0 underwent excision of @entity3 of the conjunctiva. There were five male and four female @entity0 , with a mean age of 14 years and a range of 5 to 21 years. Seven had @entity3 . All @entity0 had spontaneous diffuse corneal stromal scars without clinical evidence of @entity5 and no previous history of corneal @entity6 . The corneal sensation was intact. None of the @entity0 had @entity6 of the @entity1 . One @entity0 had @entity2 . The clinical and histopathologic changes of the @entity1 and conjunctiva in @entity0 with @entity7 appear to be similar to the changes occurring in sun-exposed skin. This suggests that direct exposure of corneal and conjunctival tissue to ultraviolet light in @entity0 with @entity7 is the primary cause of @entity8 in the @entity1 and conjunctiva, which leads to @entity4 .

title: Spontaneous corneal @entity8 in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The main purpose of this report is to describe nine cases of @entity7 with @entity1 in the absence of history of corneal @entity6 or @entity5 . The authors studied nine @entity0 with @entity7 . Each @entity0 underwent complete ophthalmologic and dermatologic examinations. Three @entity0 underwent excision of @entity3 of the conjunctiva. There were five male and four female @entity0 , with a mean age of 14 years and a range of 5 to 21 years. Seven had @entity3 . All @entity0 had spontaneous diffuse corneal stromal scars without clinical evidence of @entity5 and no previous history of corneal @entity6 . The corneal sensation was intact. None of the @entity0 had @entity6 of the @entity1 . One @entity0 had @entity2 . The clinical and histopathologic changes of the @entity1 and conjunctiva in @entity0 with @entity7 appear to be similar to the changes occurring in sun-exposed skin. This suggests that direct exposure of corneal and conjunctival tissue to ultraviolet light in @entity0 with @entity7 is the primary cause of @entity8 in the @entity1 and conjunctiva, which leads to @entity4 .

title: Spontaneous corneal XXXX in @entity7 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: This paper presents the case report of a 67-year-old @entity0 who came to our hospital suffering from severe @entity3 of the 11th thoracic vertebral body. The @entity0 has been suffering from @entity2 for 2 years. During a routine control the above-mentioned lesion was found by chance. A few days later @entity1 started in the thoracolumbar region. Treatment was intended to be palliative. Therefore, we looked for an option to stabilize the vertebral body as minimally invasive as possible. Because of a destroyed trailing edge of the vertebra, "normal" kyphoplasty was not possible. For this reason, we performed a modification, using one filled balloon as a kind of curtain between the vertebral body and spinal canal. With this technique we achieved an optimal filling of the destroyed vertebral body with cement, without any leakage. Two days postoperatively, the @entity0 could leave our hospital without any @entity1 symptoms.

title: [Modified percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty at XXXX of 11th thoracic vertebra and communication with the spinal canal. Case report and review of the literature].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fifty @entity0 (37 females and 13 males) with first febrile urinary tract infections were studied to assess the value of @entity5 ( @entity4 ) scan in detecting inflammatory changes of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). These findings were compared with renal ultrasonography (US). We also evaluated the reliability of clinical and laboratory observations in diagnosing @entity2 ( @entity2 ). All @entity0 had micturating cystourethrography (MCUG). @entity4 -documented @entity2 was present in 29 (58%) @entity0 . Only four @entity0 (8%) demonstrated changes suggestive of @entity2 on renal ultrasonography. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was documented in 17 (47%) of the total group and in 13 (45%) of those with abnormal @entity4 scan. Follow-up @entity4 scan in 15 @entity0 with initial abnormal findings showed complete recovery in seven (47%). Our data have shown that @entity4 renal scan is the most useful investigational procedure in @entity0 with febrile UTI. The diagnosis of @entity2 , depending on clinical and laboratory data, is unreliable. Renal US alone can miss serious @entity1 . MCUG remains the most sensitive procedure to detect @entity3 and it should be performed in all @entity0 with UTI and abbormal @entity4 scan. Early detection of @entity2 allows the prompt introduction of antimicrobial agents in those @entity0 and can prevent or decrease @entity1 and its complications.

title: Febrile urinary tract infection in @entity0 : Role of XXXX ( @entity4 ) scan and other imaging techniques.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Fifty @entity0 (37 females and 13 males) with first febrile urinary tract infections were studied to assess the value of @entity5 ( @entity4 ) scan in detecting inflammatory changes of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). These findings were compared with renal ultrasonography (US). We also evaluated the reliability of clinical and laboratory observations in diagnosing @entity2 ( @entity2 ). All @entity0 had micturating cystourethrography (MCUG). @entity4 -documented @entity2 was present in 29 (58%) @entity0 . Only four @entity0 (8%) demonstrated changes suggestive of @entity2 on renal ultrasonography. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was documented in 17 (47%) of the total group and in 13 (45%) of those with abnormal @entity4 scan. Follow-up @entity4 scan in 15 @entity0 with initial abnormal findings showed complete recovery in seven (47%). Our data have shown that @entity4 renal scan is the most useful investigational procedure in @entity0 with febrile UTI. The diagnosis of @entity2 , depending on clinical and laboratory data, is unreliable. Renal US alone can miss serious @entity1 . MCUG remains the most sensitive procedure to detect @entity3 and it should be performed in all @entity0 with UTI and abbormal @entity4 scan. Early detection of @entity2 allows the prompt introduction of antimicrobial agents in those @entity0 and can prevent or decrease @entity1 and its complications.

title: Febrile urinary tract infection in @entity0 : Role of @entity5 ( XXXX ) scan and other imaging techniques.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Fifty @entity0 (37 females and 13 males) with first febrile urinary tract infections were studied to assess the value of @entity5 ( @entity4 ) scan in detecting inflammatory changes of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). These findings were compared with renal ultrasonography (US). We also evaluated the reliability of clinical and laboratory observations in diagnosing @entity2 ( @entity2 ). All @entity0 had micturating cystourethrography (MCUG). @entity4 -documented @entity2 was present in 29 (58%) @entity0 . Only four @entity0 (8%) demonstrated changes suggestive of @entity2 on renal ultrasonography. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was documented in 17 (47%) of the total group and in 13 (45%) of those with abnormal @entity4 scan. Follow-up @entity4 scan in 15 @entity0 with initial abnormal findings showed complete recovery in seven (47%). Our data have shown that @entity4 renal scan is the most useful investigational procedure in @entity0 with febrile UTI. The diagnosis of @entity2 , depending on clinical and laboratory data, is unreliable. Renal US alone can miss serious @entity1 . MCUG remains the most sensitive procedure to detect @entity3 and it should be performed in all @entity0 with UTI and abbormal @entity4 scan. Early detection of @entity2 allows the prompt introduction of antimicrobial agents in those @entity0 and can prevent or decrease @entity1 and its complications.

title: Febrile urinary tract infection in XXXX : Role of @entity5 ( @entity4 ) scan and other imaging techniques.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activated macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1 . It has been postulated that detection of heat released by activated inflammatory cells of @entity5 may predict @entity2 and @entity4 . Previous ex vivo studies have shown that there is thermal heterogeneity in @entity0 carotid @entity5 . METHODS AND RESULTS: To measure the temperature of @entity0 arteries in vivo, we developed a catheter-based technique. Ninety @entity0 (45 with normal coronary arteries, 15 with @entity7 [ @entity7 ], 15 with @entity6 [ @entity6 ], and 15 with @entity3 [ @entity3 ]) were studied. The thermistor of the thermography catheter has a temperature accuracy of 0.05 degrees C, a time constant of 300 ms, and a spatial resolution of 0.5 mm. Temperature was constant within the arteries of the control subjects, whereas most @entity5 showed higher temperature compared with healthy vessel wall. Temperature differences between @entity5 and healthy vessel wall increased progressively from @entity7 to @entity3 @entity0 (difference of plaque temperature from background temperature, 0. 106+/-0.110 degrees C in @entity7 , 0.683+/-0.347 degrees C in @entity6 , and 1. 472+/-0.691 degrees C in @entity3 ). Heterogeneity within the plaque was shown in 20%, 40%, and 67% of the @entity0 with @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity3 , respectively, whereas no heterogeneity was shown in the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Thermal heterogeneity within @entity0 @entity5 coronary arteries was shown in vivo by use of a special thermography catheter. This heterogeneity is larger in @entity6 and @entity3 , suggesting that it may be related to the pathogenesis.

title: Thermal heterogeneity within @entity0 XXXX coronary arteries detected in vivo: A new method of detection by application of a special thermography catheter.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activated macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1 . It has been postulated that detection of heat released by activated inflammatory cells of @entity5 may predict @entity2 and @entity4 . Previous ex vivo studies have shown that there is thermal heterogeneity in @entity0 carotid @entity5 . METHODS AND RESULTS: To measure the temperature of @entity0 arteries in vivo, we developed a catheter-based technique. Ninety @entity0 (45 with normal coronary arteries, 15 with @entity7 [ @entity7 ], 15 with @entity6 [ @entity6 ], and 15 with @entity3 [ @entity3 ]) were studied. The thermistor of the thermography catheter has a temperature accuracy of 0.05 degrees C, a time constant of 300 ms, and a spatial resolution of 0.5 mm. Temperature was constant within the arteries of the control subjects, whereas most @entity5 showed higher temperature compared with healthy vessel wall. Temperature differences between @entity5 and healthy vessel wall increased progressively from @entity7 to @entity3 @entity0 (difference of plaque temperature from background temperature, 0. 106+/-0.110 degrees C in @entity7 , 0.683+/-0.347 degrees C in @entity6 , and 1. 472+/-0.691 degrees C in @entity3 ). Heterogeneity within the plaque was shown in 20%, 40%, and 67% of the @entity0 with @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity3 , respectively, whereas no heterogeneity was shown in the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Thermal heterogeneity within @entity0 @entity5 coronary arteries was shown in vivo by use of a special thermography catheter. This heterogeneity is larger in @entity6 and @entity3 , suggesting that it may be related to the pathogenesis.

title: Thermal heterogeneity within XXXX @entity5 coronary arteries detected in vivo: A new method of detection by application of a special thermography catheter.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We report the results of the release and tape-shortening techniques in @entity3 pubovaginal slings. Of female @entity0 who had undergone mid-urethral sling procedures [ @entity2 -free vaginal tape procedure and suburethral @entity3 ( @entity4 )], in cases in which postoperative retention occurred, the @entity0 were offered release or tape cutting. @entity0 reporting postoperative @entity1 underwent a tape-shortening procedure. In these @entity0 , the tape was shortened by the use of clips. Mean follow-up time after the release and/or the shortening operations was 9.9 months (range 6-18). A total of 15 @entity0 , ranging from 41 to 75 years old (mean 58.3) were included in this study. Upon the latest follow-up, six @entity0 exhibited prolonged urinary retention and subsequently underwent a release procedure (n=5) or a tape-cutting procedure (n=1). After the release procedure, all @entity0 remained continent, but one @entity0 's urinary retention issues were not resolved, and she subsequently underwent a tape-cutting. Both of the @entity0 who underwent the cutting procedure then developed recurrent stress @entity1 . The tape-shortening technique was conducted with nine @entity0 . Seven of these @entity0 recovered their continence, and no one @entity0 experienced any urinary retention or other voiding difficulties. Two @entity0 reported only minimal stress leakage and elected to undergo no further interventions. Our findings suggest that @entity2 plays a substantial role in @entity2 -free mid-urethral sling procedures.

title: Significance of XXXX in @entity2 -free mid-urethral sling procedures: a preliminary study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We report the results of the release and tape-shortening techniques in @entity3 pubovaginal slings. Of female @entity0 who had undergone mid-urethral sling procedures [ @entity2 -free vaginal tape procedure and suburethral @entity3 ( @entity4 )], in cases in which postoperative retention occurred, the @entity0 were offered release or tape cutting. @entity0 reporting postoperative @entity1 underwent a tape-shortening procedure. In these @entity0 , the tape was shortened by the use of clips. Mean follow-up time after the release and/or the shortening operations was 9.9 months (range 6-18). A total of 15 @entity0 , ranging from 41 to 75 years old (mean 58.3) were included in this study. Upon the latest follow-up, six @entity0 exhibited prolonged urinary retention and subsequently underwent a release procedure (n=5) or a tape-cutting procedure (n=1). After the release procedure, all @entity0 remained continent, but one @entity0 's urinary retention issues were not resolved, and she subsequently underwent a tape-cutting. Both of the @entity0 who underwent the cutting procedure then developed recurrent stress @entity1 . The tape-shortening technique was conducted with nine @entity0 . Seven of these @entity0 recovered their continence, and no one @entity0 experienced any urinary retention or other voiding difficulties. Two @entity0 reported only minimal stress leakage and elected to undergo no further interventions. Our findings suggest that @entity2 plays a substantial role in @entity2 -free mid-urethral sling procedures.

title: Significance of @entity2 in XXXX -free mid-urethral sling procedures: a preliminary study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is postulated that @entity0 formation and remodeling involves a balance between vascular cell death and cell proliferation. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a pleiotropic factor expressed within vascular cells that regulates cell growth in a tissue-specific manner. This study tested the hypothesis that the control of vascular cell apoptosis involves cell type-specific regulation by @entity2 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In response to serum withdrawal, cultured endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells exhibited apoptosis as evidenced by DNA laddering and quantitated by analysis of nuclear chromatin morphology. Addition of @entity2 to endothelial cells in serum-free media further potentiated the induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion. Moreover, @entity2 promoted endothelial cell death despite the presence of 10% serum. However, endothelial cells plated on collagen I were resistant to @entity2 -induced apoptosis. This antiapoptotic influence of the matrix was mimicked by integrin activation with anti- @entity3 antibodies and associated with increased expression of the antiapoptotic factor @entity1 . In accord with the hypothesis that the modulation of antiapoptotic gene expression may mediate the effects of @entity2 and @entity3 integrins on cell fate, we observed that endothelial cells with constitutive upregulation of @entity1 remained viable despite exposure to @entity2 in serum-free conditions. In contrast to the proapoptotic effect of @entity2 in endothelial cells, addition of @entity2 to vascular smooth muscle cells in serum-free media inhibited apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the effect of cytokines such as @entity2 on cell fate is contextual and is modulated by cell-matrix interactions in a cell type-specific manner.

title: Vascular cell apoptosis: cell type-specific modulation by transforming growth factor- XXXX in endothelial cells versus smooth muscle cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery alone is the appropriate first-line treatment for @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Nevertheless, there are reports of local recurrences and @entity1 , especially in the cellular subtype. The authors evaluated the outcome of @entity0 with @entity5 who were enrolled in either the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) 93-01/GPOH or the SIOP 2001/GPOH @entity4 Study and Trial. METHODS: In total, 50 @entity0 with @entity5 were analyzed. Eleven @entity0 were suspected antenatally of having a @entity3 . The median age at diagnosis was 18.5 days. Central pathologic review was performed for all specimens. The median observation time was 4.2 years. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity0 underwent initial surgery. Five @entity0 older than 6 months received preoperative chemotherapy. Twenty-nine @entity2 were classic @entity5 , and 21 @entity2 were cellular @entity5 . Nine @entity0 had a Stage III @entity5 , 5 of those @entity0 had @entity2 ruptures, and 8 had positive surgical margins. After they underwent nephrectomy, 40 @entity0 received no further treatment. For the entire group, event-free survival (EFS) (94%) and overall survival (OS) (95%) were excellent. @entity0 with a cellular @entity5 , @entity0 with age 3 @entity6 , and @entity0 with Stage III @entity5 had lower EFS. Three @entity0 developed recurrent disease, and 2 of those @entity0 died. @entity1 to the brain, lung, and liver were observed in 1 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Radical nephrectomy with accurate surgical-pathologic staging is the standard of care for @entity0 with @entity5 . Nonetheless, a subgroup of @entity0 with @entity5 (Stage III cellular @entity5 in @entity0 age 3 @entity6 ) tends to develop recurrences more often. Further prospective studies will be needed to verify this finding and should help determine whether these @entity0 may benefit from adjuvant therapy.

title: XXXX --a report from the Gesellschaft fur P  diatrische Onkologie und H  matologie (GPOH).

answer: @entity5


abstract: Dysfunctional maturation of neural networks, particularly hippocampus-prefrontal networks, may be of particular interest in determining the pathophysiology of @entity4 . @entity10 ( @entity5 )-induced symptoms in @entity0 appear to offer a more complete model of @entity4 than do @entity9 -induced symptoms. This study investigated the effects of intermittent i.p. injections of @entity5 (7.5 mg/kg) on cell proliferation and survival of granule cells in the dentate gyrus of the @entity1 brain using quantitative immunohistochemical techniques for @entity7 ( @entity7 )-positive cells. After repeated @entity5 injection for 14 days, mean scores for stereotyped behavior increased with the number of injections, while scores for @entity8 and backpedaling as serotonergic behaviors gradually decreased. The number of @entity7 -positive cells decreased by 23% in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus by 24 h after repeated injections. However, decreased levels of @entity7 -positive cells returned to control levels within 1 week. Differentiation of newly formed cells was not influenced. Repeated @entity5 administration after @entity7 injection did not exert any effects on survival of newly generated cells. These findings suggest that transient disturbances of cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus occur under @entity5 -related @entity3 . Whether disturbed cell proliferation would thus be closely implicated in the development of behavioral sensitization induced by @entity5 administration is unclear, but this would possibly result from adaptation to new pharmacological conditions under behavioral sensitization or stressful conditions of @entity5 -related abnormal behaviors. Further studies are required to elucidate the biological significance of hippocampal neurogenesis in the mechanisms underlying the development of @entity2 and the @entity6 of @entity4 .

title: Effects of repeated XXXX administration on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: Dysfunctional maturation of neural networks, particularly hippocampus-prefrontal networks, may be of particular interest in determining the pathophysiology of @entity4 . @entity10 ( @entity5 )-induced symptoms in @entity0 appear to offer a more complete model of @entity4 than do @entity9 -induced symptoms. This study investigated the effects of intermittent i.p. injections of @entity5 (7.5 mg/kg) on cell proliferation and survival of granule cells in the dentate gyrus of the @entity1 brain using quantitative immunohistochemical techniques for @entity7 ( @entity7 )-positive cells. After repeated @entity5 injection for 14 days, mean scores for stereotyped behavior increased with the number of injections, while scores for @entity8 and backpedaling as serotonergic behaviors gradually decreased. The number of @entity7 -positive cells decreased by 23% in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus by 24 h after repeated injections. However, decreased levels of @entity7 -positive cells returned to control levels within 1 week. Differentiation of newly formed cells was not influenced. Repeated @entity5 administration after @entity7 injection did not exert any effects on survival of newly generated cells. These findings suggest that transient disturbances of cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus occur under @entity5 -related @entity3 . Whether disturbed cell proliferation would thus be closely implicated in the development of behavioral sensitization induced by @entity5 administration is unclear, but this would possibly result from adaptation to new pharmacological conditions under behavioral sensitization or stressful conditions of @entity5 -related abnormal behaviors. Further studies are required to elucidate the biological significance of hippocampal neurogenesis in the mechanisms underlying the development of @entity2 and the @entity6 of @entity4 .

title: Effects of repeated @entity10 administration on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Induction chemotherapy before surgical resection increases survival compared with surgical resection alone in @entity0 with stage IIIA-N2 @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We hypothesized that, following a response to induction chemotherapy, surgical resection would be superior to thoracic radiotherapy as locoregional therapy. METHODS: Selected @entity0 with histologic or cytologic proven stage IIIA-N2 @entity3 were given three cycles of @entity2 -based induction chemotherapy. Responding @entity0 were subsequently randomly assigned to surgical resection or radiotherapy. Survival curves were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analyses from time of randomization. RESULTS: Induction chemotherapy resulted in a response rate of 61% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 57% to 65%) among the 579 eligible @entity0 . A total of 167 @entity0 were allocated to resection and 165 to radiotherapy. Of the 154 (92%) @entity0 who underwent surgery, 14% had an exploratory thoracotomy, 50% a radical resection, 42% a pathologic downstaging, and 5% a pathologic complete response; 4% died after surgery. Postoperative radiotherapy was administered to 62 (40%) of @entity0 in the surgery arm. Among the 154 (93%) irradiated @entity0 , overall compliance to the radiotherapy prescription was 55%, and grade 3/4 acute and late esophageal and pulmonary toxic effects occurred in 4% and 7%; one @entity0 died of radiation @entity1 . Median and 5-year overall survival for @entity0 randomly assigned to resection versus radiotherapy were 16.4 versus 17.5 months and 15.7% versus 14%, respectively (hazard ratio = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.84 to 1.35). Rates of progression-free survival were also similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: In selected @entity0 with pathologically proven stage IIIA-N2 @entity3 and a response to induction chemotherapy, surgical resection did not improve overall or progression-free survival compared with radiotherapy. In view of its low morbidity and mortality, radiotherapy should be considered the preferred locoregional treatment for these @entity0 .

title: Randomized controlled trial of resection versus radiotherapy after induction chemotherapy in stage IIIA-N2 XXXX .

answer: @entity3