abstract: Ultrasound axial transmission (UAT), a technique using propagation of ultrasound waves along the cortex of cortical bones, has been proposed as a diagnostic technique for the evaluation of @entity0 healing. Quantitative ultrasound parameters have been reported to be sensitive to callus changes during the regeneration process. The aim of this work was to identify the specific effect of cortical bone mineralization on UAT measurements by means of numerical simulations and experiments using a reverse @entity0 healing approach. A cortical @entity1 femur sample was used, in which a 3mm @entity0 gap was drilled. A 3mm thick cortical bone slice, extracted from another location in the bone sample, was submitted to a progressive demineralization process with @entity4 during 12 days. UAT measurements and simulations using a 1MHz probe were performed with the demineralized slice placed into the @entity0 gap to mimic different stages of mineralization during the healing process. The @entity2 loss of the slice due to the @entity4 treatment was recorded everyday, and its temporal evolution could be modeled by an exponential law. A 50MHz scanning acoustic microscopy was also used to assess the mineralization degree of the bone slice at the end of the intervention. These data were used in the numerical simulations to derive a model of the time evolution of bone slice mechanical properties. From both the experiments and the simulations, a significant and progressive increase in the @entity3 ( @entity3 ; p<0.001) of the propagating waves measured by UAT was observed during the beginning of the demineralization process (first 4 days). Although the simulated @entity3 values were slightly larger than the experimental ones, they both exhibited a similar time-dependence, validating the simulation approach. Our results suggest that @entity3 measured in axial transmission is affected by local changes of speed of sound induced by changes in local mineralization. @entity3 may be an appropriate indicator to monitor callus maturation.

title: Experimental and simulation results on the effect of cortical bone mineralization in ultrasound axial transmission measurements: a model for XXXX healing ultrasound monitoring.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: Testicular torsion can lead to testicular damage. During reperfusion, tissue damage is more severe. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of short-interval postconditioning and determine the optimal time of reperfusion for postconditioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five adult male @entity0 were divided into 5 subgroups: Sh (sham operated), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), PC5 (torsion + postconditioning 5 seconds), PC10 (torsion + postconditioning-10 seconds), PC20 (torsion + postconditioning 20 seconds). Torsion was created by rotating the left testis counterclockwise 1080   and the testis fixed to the scrotum with 3 sutures. Torsion was maintained for 4 hours. The testicular artery was visualized, and before detorsion of the testis, an atraumatic vessel clamp was applied to prevent reperfusion in all study groups. Then, detorsion of the testis was performed. In the @entity3 group, the clamp was released just after detorsion; in the PC5 group, the clamp was released for 5 seconds and closed for 10 seconds (10 times); in the PC10 group, the clamp was released for 10 seconds and closed for 10 seconds (10 times); and in the PC20 group, the clamp was released for 20 seconds and closed for 10 seconds (10 times). Then, all testes were reperfused for a 1-hour period in all study groups. After this period, the @entity0 were sacrificed, and the left testes were removed and evaluated histopathologically and biochemically. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Tissue @entity2 levels were 79.3    10.6, 231.7    102.3, 71.3    12.6, 73.8    13.7, and 124.3    48.0 nmol/g tissue in the Sh, @entity3 , PC5, PC10, and PC20 groups, respectively. Tissue @entity2 levels were significantly lower in the PC5 and PC10 groups (P < .05) compared to the other groups. However, mean histopathologic grade was lower in all postconditioning groups compared to the control group, but the difference was significant only in the PC5 group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that short-interval postconditioning can reduce reperfusion injury in @entity1 tissue and the optimal mode of short-interval postconditioning is 5 seconds   10 times. This technique seems easily applicable, and a similar technique may be used during testicular surgery.

title: The effects of short-interval postconditioning in preventing XXXX -reperfusion injury in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: Testicular torsion can lead to testicular damage. During reperfusion, tissue damage is more severe. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of short-interval postconditioning and determine the optimal time of reperfusion for postconditioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five adult male @entity0 were divided into 5 subgroups: Sh (sham operated), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), PC5 (torsion + postconditioning 5 seconds), PC10 (torsion + postconditioning-10 seconds), PC20 (torsion + postconditioning 20 seconds). Torsion was created by rotating the left testis counterclockwise 1080   and the testis fixed to the scrotum with 3 sutures. Torsion was maintained for 4 hours. The testicular artery was visualized, and before detorsion of the testis, an atraumatic vessel clamp was applied to prevent reperfusion in all study groups. Then, detorsion of the testis was performed. In the @entity3 group, the clamp was released just after detorsion; in the PC5 group, the clamp was released for 5 seconds and closed for 10 seconds (10 times); in the PC10 group, the clamp was released for 10 seconds and closed for 10 seconds (10 times); and in the PC20 group, the clamp was released for 20 seconds and closed for 10 seconds (10 times). Then, all testes were reperfused for a 1-hour period in all study groups. After this period, the @entity0 were sacrificed, and the left testes were removed and evaluated histopathologically and biochemically. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Tissue @entity2 levels were 79.3    10.6, 231.7    102.3, 71.3    12.6, 73.8    13.7, and 124.3    48.0 nmol/g tissue in the Sh, @entity3 , PC5, PC10, and PC20 groups, respectively. Tissue @entity2 levels were significantly lower in the PC5 and PC10 groups (P < .05) compared to the other groups. However, mean histopathologic grade was lower in all postconditioning groups compared to the control group, but the difference was significant only in the PC5 group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that short-interval postconditioning can reduce reperfusion injury in @entity1 tissue and the optimal mode of short-interval postconditioning is 5 seconds   10 times. This technique seems easily applicable, and a similar technique may be used during testicular surgery.

title: The effects of short-interval postconditioning in preventing @entity1 -reperfusion injury in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The postnatal development of two visual areas (nucleus rotundus and ectostriatum) and two song control areas (hyperstriatum ventrale pars caudale, HVc, and nucleus robustus archistriatalis, @entity0 ) of the @entity2 brain was followed from birth to adulthood. The following parameters were investigated: (1) neuron size, (2) volume of the brain nuclei, and (3) myelination of axons. The nucleus rotundus, the diencephalic station of the tectofugal pathway, exhibits the fastest development: rotundal neurons reach their maximum size at 20 days of age; the volume of this structure reaches adult size at the same time. The process of myelination begins between day 5 and day 10 and is completed at 40 days of age. A similar temporal sequence of development is seen in the ectostriatum, except myelination starts some days later. Thus the development of these visual areas is completed at 40 days. In contrast, the development of the song control nuclei is delayed. Neurons in @entity0 and HVc grow steadily up to 40 days of age, attaining a size larger than that observed in adults. Whereas the volume of HVc increases until day 40 and remains stable thereafter, @entity0 volume increases until day 70 and evidences a decrease thereafter. It is not until postnatal day 20 ( @entity0 ) and day 40 (HVc) that the myelination process starts in the song control areas. Adult myelin density is achieved by 70 days in @entity0 and by 100 days in HVc. It can be demonstrated that the development of the visual system parallels the development of visual performance of the birds. @entity1 of song control nuclei coincides with development of song.

title: Delayed development of song control nuclei in the XXXX is related to behavioral development.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The in-hospital mortality associated with @entity3 rises markedly with advancing age. It is not established whether the elderly may benefit from early surgical repair of postinfarction @entity5 due to @entity6 ( @entity6 ), acute severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ), or left ventricular power failure. Eighteen consecutive @entity0 between the ages of 66 and 79 (mean, 72 years) and in @entity5 underwent surgical repair, most with counterpulsation support, within one week of developing @entity6 , @entity2 , or left ventricular power failure. Of ten @entity0 with @entity6 , five (50%) survived. Three of seven @entity0 with @entity2 (43%) and the only @entity0 with power failure survived for an overall survival of 50%. The nine long-term survivors were followed up for six months to five years (mean 31 months) by personal interviews with the @entity0 or referring physician. There was one late @entity1 , due to @entity4 , ten months after the operation. Of the remaining eight @entity0 , seven are categorized as New York Heart Association class I, and one as class II. These @entity0 have all been able to live and function independently after cardiac operation. The authors conclude that older @entity0 with postinfarction @entity5 may benefit from early operation and that advanced age does not preclude successful surgical outcome. Furthermore, operation may result in excellent long-term quality of life.

title: Surgical repair of remediable postinfarction XXXX in the elderly. Early and long-term results.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We studied the effects of HCI-induced @entity1 on cardiac output, contractile function, myocardial blood flow, and myocardial @entity0 consumption in nine unanaesthetized newborn @entity2 . Through a left thoracotomy, catheters were placed in the aorta, left atrium and coronary sinus. A pressure transducer was placed in the left ventricle. Three to four days after surgery, we measured cardiac output, dP/dt, left ventricular end diastolic and aortic mean blood pressures, heart rate, aortic and coronary sinus blood @entity0 contents, and left ventricular myocardial blood flow during a control period, during @entity1 , and after the aortic pH was restored to normal. We calculated systemic vascular resistance, myocardial @entity0 consumption and left ventricular work. Acidaemia was associated with @entity3 , maximal dP/dt, and aortic mean blood pressure. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure and systemic vascular resistance increased, and heart rate did not change significantly. The reduction in myocardial blood flow and @entity0 consumption was accompanied by fall in cardiac work. Cardiac output returned to control levels after the pH had been normalized but maximal dP/dt was incompletely restored. Myocardial blood flow and @entity0 consumption increased beyond control levels. This study demonstrates that HCI-induced @entity1 in conscious newborn @entity2 is associated with a @entity3 which could have been mediated by the reduction in contractile function and/or the increase in systemic vascular resistance. The decreases in myocardial blood flow and @entity0 consumption appear to reflect diminished cardiac work. The restoration of a normal cardiac output after normalization of the pH appears to have resulted from the increases in heart rate and left ventricular filling pressures in conjunction with an incomplete restoration of contractile function.

title: Acidaemia reduces cardiac output and left ventricular contractility in conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Accurate preoperative staging is essential for the indication and selection of the appropriate surgical procedure in @entity0 with @entity3 . The present prospective study was designed to determine if the preoperative use of @entity4 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) increases the accuracy of staging @entity3 compared with computed tomography (CT) and if it thereby leads to a different therapeutic approach. A total of 58 @entity0 , 46 @entity0 and 12 @entity0 (mean age 61 years), with histologic proof of @entity3 underwent FDG-PET of the neck, chest, and abdomen, as well as CT of the chest and abdomen, to determine @entity2 stage. FDG-PET and CT data were compared with each other and with pathohistologic findings. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy for detecting histologically verified lymph node and distant @entity1 were calculated for FDG-PET and CT. FDG-PET showed a higher specificity, whereas CT had higher accuracy for detecting both abdominal (73% vs. 59%) and thoracic (73% vs. 63%) lymph node @entity1 . The accuracy of detecting blood-borne and lymphatic distant @entity1 was identical for CT and FDG-PET imaging (50%). FDG-PET had a higher specificity than CT (87% vs. 13%) but lower sensitivity (35% vs. 67%). FDG-PET did not provide new information on the indication for surgery, nor was it helpful for choosing the appropriate surgical procedure in @entity0 with @entity3 . In view of the relatively high cost of FDG-PET examinations, the use of this modality is indicated primarily in @entity0 with inconclusive CT findings or for scientific research projects. Higher sensitivity as a result of @entity2 -affinity radiopharmaceuticals and optimized apparatus resolution, in addition to the advantages offered by whole-body PET scanning, may lead to new indications for this staging procedure in the future.

title: Positron emission tomography for staging XXXX : does it lead to a different therapeutic approach?

answer: @entity3


abstract: To characterise the prevalence of b-lactamases and @entity6 genes amongst clinical @entity3 isolates carrying plasmid-mediated @entity0 resistance (PMQR) determinants in China, 59 non-duplicate @entity3 isolates harbouring at least one PMQR gene were screened for common b-lactamases and 16S rRNA methylases genes. The genetic relatedness of the isolates was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Most of PMQR gene-positive isolates carried no substitutions within the @entity0 resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) or single point mutation in GyrA or ParC. Over one-half (52.5%) of the isolates exhibited decreased susceptibility to @entity1 [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)=0.5-2  g/mL] or low-level resistance to @entity1 (MIC=4-8  g/mL). qnr, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qepA were positive in 52 (88.1%), 16 (27.1%) and 3 (5.1%) isolates, respectively. The identified genes for b-lactamases were distributed as follows: bla(TEM), 50.8%; bla(SHV), 91.5%; bla(CTX-M), 55.9%; bla( @entity4 ), 59.3%; and bla( @entity5 ), 22.1%. armA and rmtB were detected in 16.9% and 3.4% of isolates, respectively. All qnrB were detected in @entity4 -producing @entity3 . Approximately 81.3%, 68.8% and 43.8% of aac(6')-Ib-cr carrying isolates produced @entity5 , @entity4 and ArmA, respectively. In conclusion, owing to few QRDR substitutions, most of the PMQR gene-carrying @entity3 isolates exhibited low-level resistance to @entity2 . qnr appears to be the predominant PMQR gene and it presented a significant correlation with bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M) and bla( @entity4 ), whereas aac(6')-Ib-cr exhibited a close relationship with bla( @entity5 ), bla( @entity4 ) and armA. qepA was rarely detected in this study.

title: Prevalence of b-lactamases and XXXX genes amongst clinical @entity3 isolates carrying plasmid-mediated @entity0 resistance determinants.

answer: @entity6


abstract: To characterise the prevalence of b-lactamases and @entity6 genes amongst clinical @entity3 isolates carrying plasmid-mediated @entity0 resistance (PMQR) determinants in China, 59 non-duplicate @entity3 isolates harbouring at least one PMQR gene were screened for common b-lactamases and 16S rRNA methylases genes. The genetic relatedness of the isolates was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Most of PMQR gene-positive isolates carried no substitutions within the @entity0 resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) or single point mutation in GyrA or ParC. Over one-half (52.5%) of the isolates exhibited decreased susceptibility to @entity1 [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)=0.5-2  g/mL] or low-level resistance to @entity1 (MIC=4-8  g/mL). qnr, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qepA were positive in 52 (88.1%), 16 (27.1%) and 3 (5.1%) isolates, respectively. The identified genes for b-lactamases were distributed as follows: bla(TEM), 50.8%; bla(SHV), 91.5%; bla(CTX-M), 55.9%; bla( @entity4 ), 59.3%; and bla( @entity5 ), 22.1%. armA and rmtB were detected in 16.9% and 3.4% of isolates, respectively. All qnrB were detected in @entity4 -producing @entity3 . Approximately 81.3%, 68.8% and 43.8% of aac(6')-Ib-cr carrying isolates produced @entity5 , @entity4 and ArmA, respectively. In conclusion, owing to few QRDR substitutions, most of the PMQR gene-carrying @entity3 isolates exhibited low-level resistance to @entity2 . qnr appears to be the predominant PMQR gene and it presented a significant correlation with bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M) and bla( @entity4 ), whereas aac(6')-Ib-cr exhibited a close relationship with bla( @entity5 ), bla( @entity4 ) and armA. qepA was rarely detected in this study.

title: Prevalence of b-lactamases and @entity6 genes amongst clinical @entity3 isolates carrying plasmid-mediated XXXX resistance determinants.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To characterise the prevalence of b-lactamases and @entity6 genes amongst clinical @entity3 isolates carrying plasmid-mediated @entity0 resistance (PMQR) determinants in China, 59 non-duplicate @entity3 isolates harbouring at least one PMQR gene were screened for common b-lactamases and 16S rRNA methylases genes. The genetic relatedness of the isolates was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Most of PMQR gene-positive isolates carried no substitutions within the @entity0 resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) or single point mutation in GyrA or ParC. Over one-half (52.5%) of the isolates exhibited decreased susceptibility to @entity1 [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)=0.5-2  g/mL] or low-level resistance to @entity1 (MIC=4-8  g/mL). qnr, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qepA were positive in 52 (88.1%), 16 (27.1%) and 3 (5.1%) isolates, respectively. The identified genes for b-lactamases were distributed as follows: bla(TEM), 50.8%; bla(SHV), 91.5%; bla(CTX-M), 55.9%; bla( @entity4 ), 59.3%; and bla( @entity5 ), 22.1%. armA and rmtB were detected in 16.9% and 3.4% of isolates, respectively. All qnrB were detected in @entity4 -producing @entity3 . Approximately 81.3%, 68.8% and 43.8% of aac(6')-Ib-cr carrying isolates produced @entity5 , @entity4 and ArmA, respectively. In conclusion, owing to few QRDR substitutions, most of the PMQR gene-carrying @entity3 isolates exhibited low-level resistance to @entity2 . qnr appears to be the predominant PMQR gene and it presented a significant correlation with bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M) and bla( @entity4 ), whereas aac(6')-Ib-cr exhibited a close relationship with bla( @entity5 ), bla( @entity4 ) and armA. qepA was rarely detected in this study.

title: Prevalence of b-lactamases and @entity6 genes amongst clinical XXXX isolates carrying plasmid-mediated @entity0 resistance determinants.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) may be comparable to Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) as a durable and effective procedure in @entity1 prevention. Concern remains about the incidence of @entity2 after stenting and its management. We evaluated the surgical management of @entity2 after @entity5 . DESIGN: prospective study. METHODS: between December 1997 and April 2001, 217 @entity5 procedures were performed in 217 @entity0 (155 @entity0 and 62 @entity0 ; age 70 years +/- 8.2). After a mean of 8 months post-stenting four @entity0 (two symptomatic, two asymptomatic with @entity3 ) with severe @entity2 (90-99%) had surgical reintervention. RESULTS: standard CEA with removal of the stent was performed in all four @entity0 . No major complications occurred. Intima @entity4 showed to be the predominant mechanism leading to in-stent @entity2 . All four surgically treated @entity0 remained asymptomatic and without recurrent @entity2 over a mean follow-up time of 13 months (range 3-20 months). CONCLUSION: the optimal treatment of in-stent @entity2 has yet to be defined, but standard CEA with removement of the stent appears to be feasible.

title: Operative management of carotid artery in-stent XXXX : first experiences and duplex follow-up.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a chronic, inflammatory, system disease. It commonly affects the small peripheral joints (such as fingers and wrist). The main goals of intervention for @entity4 are preventing @entity2 , preserving joint function, and reducing @entity1 and @entity3 . Transelectrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a form of electrotherapy and is thought to produce analgesia according to the gate control theory. OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of TENS in the treatment of @entity4 of the hand. The primary outcomes of interest were relief of @entity3 and resting @entity3 intensity, relief of joint @entity6 , number of @entity8 and @entity0 assessment of disease. The secondary objective was to determine the most effective mode of TENS application in @entity3 control. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched for relevant studies, in English, in the Cochrane field of physical and related therapies, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, HEALTHSTAR, Sports Discus, CINAHL, Current Contents, and the PEDro database, up to October 2002. SELECTION CRITERIA: Two independent reviewers selected the trials that met predetermined inclusion criteria. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Study results were extracted by two independent reviewers. Continuous outcomes were analyzed by @entity5 ( @entity5 ) using a fixed effects model. MAIN RESULTS: Three RCTs, involving 78 @entity0 , were included in this review. @entity7 and C-TENS were compared to placebo and to each other. Administration of 15 minutes of @entity7 a week, for 3 weeks, resulted in a significant decrease in @entity3 (67% relative benefit, 45 points absolute benefit on 100 mm VAS scale) but not in @entity3 compared to placebo. @entity7 did result in a clinical beneficial improvement in muscle power scores with a relative difference of 55%, and an absolute benefit of 0.98, compared to placebo. No significant difference was found between one 20-minute treatment duration of C-TENS versus @entity7 , or C-TENS versus placebo on decrease in mean scores for @entity3 or @entity3 , or on the number of @entity8 . Results showed a statistically significant @entity8 , but no clinical benefit from C-TENS over placebo in relief of joint @entity6 . No statistically significant difference was shown between 15 days of treatment with C-TENS or @entity7 in relief of joint @entity3 , although there was a clinically important benefit of C-TENS over @entity7 on @entity0 assessment of change in disease (risk difference 21%, NNT 5). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There are conflicting effects of TENS on @entity3 outcomes in @entity0 with @entity4 . @entity7 is beneficial for reducing @entity3 intensity and improving muscle power scores over placebo while, conversely, C-TENS resulted in no clinical benefit on @entity3 intensity compared with placebo. However C-TENS resulted in a clinical benefit on @entity0 assessment of change in disease over @entity7 . More well designed studies with a standardized protocol and adequate number of subjects are needed to fully conclude the effect of C-TENS and @entity7 in the treatment of @entity4 of the hand.

title: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for the treatment of XXXX in the hand.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: To investigate the association of nuclear morphometry and DNA content with resectability of @entity2 . METHODS: A total of 36 @entity0 with @entity2 were divided into resectable group and unresectable group. The nuclear morphometry and DNA contents of @entity1 cells were analyzed by IBAS autoimagine analyzer from @entity3 -embedded materials. Localization size, histological type and grade, and clinical stage of the @entity1 were evaluated. Factors influencing resectability of @entity2 were investigated using stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS: Statistical significance was found in nuclear DNA content (integrated optical density, IOD) of @entity1 cells (1.64+/-0.41 vs 2.96+/-0.55), DNA ploidy, ages (46.5+/-5.3 years vs 58.6+/-0.7 years) and @entity1 volumes (298.1+/-101.5 cm(3) vs 634.7+/-512.5 cm(3)) in both groups (P<0.05), and no difference was found in the nuclear morphometry (P>0.05). The rates of diploid/tetraploid and aneuploid were 66.7 % and 33.3 % in resectable group respectively, and 38.9 % and 62.1 % in unresectable group, respectively (P<0.05). IOD (X(12)), ploidy status (X(12)) and clinical stage ( @entity4 ) were radical resectable indicators with statistical significance. The regression equation for resectability was Y=-9.2053+3.5428X(12)+2.5390X(13)-2.3001X(3) (RR=0.8780, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: There is a high correlation between resectability of @entity2 and their DNA contents, DNA ploidy status and clinical stage.

title: Relationship between nuclear morphometry, DNA content and resectability of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polyfunctional @entity10 ( @entity9 ) hardener is increasingly used in water-based paints and inks as a replacement for organic solvents. @entity1 contact @entity5 , contact @entity2 , @entity4 in occupationally exposed @entity0 with @entity1 to @entity9 are reported. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to study a population of adhesive tape printers for occupational respiratory and @entity3 to @entity9 hardener. Also 2 cases of @entity8 in workers exposed to @entity9 in tanneries are reported. METHODS: A standard series prick and patch tests was carried out on 15 workers with skin symptoms out of 36 adhesive tape printers exposed to @entity9 . Prick tests with a 1% @entity9 water solution and patch tests with a dilution series (0.1-0.32-0.5-1%) of @entity9 in petrolatum were performed. Lung and nasal provocation tests with @entity9 hardener were also carried out on 4 subjects with skin and respiratory symptoms. RESULTS: Skin sensitivity to @entity9 prick tests was demonstrated in 8.3% of the exposed population; 22.2% of the exposed workers suffered from @entity7 due to @entity9 with positive patch tests for this compound. One case of occupational @entity6 due to @entity9 was diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 is a strong sensitizer and the use of gloves and protective clothing appears to be insufficient to prevent @entity1 . Elimination of @entity9 from production processes is desirable.

title: [Skin and @entity4 caused by polyfunctional XXXX ].

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polyfunctional @entity10 ( @entity9 ) hardener is increasingly used in water-based paints and inks as a replacement for organic solvents. @entity1 contact @entity5 , contact @entity2 , @entity4 in occupationally exposed @entity0 with @entity1 to @entity9 are reported. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to study a population of adhesive tape printers for occupational respiratory and @entity3 to @entity9 hardener. Also 2 cases of @entity8 in workers exposed to @entity9 in tanneries are reported. METHODS: A standard series prick and patch tests was carried out on 15 workers with skin symptoms out of 36 adhesive tape printers exposed to @entity9 . Prick tests with a 1% @entity9 water solution and patch tests with a dilution series (0.1-0.32-0.5-1%) of @entity9 in petrolatum were performed. Lung and nasal provocation tests with @entity9 hardener were also carried out on 4 subjects with skin and respiratory symptoms. RESULTS: Skin sensitivity to @entity9 prick tests was demonstrated in 8.3% of the exposed population; 22.2% of the exposed workers suffered from @entity7 due to @entity9 with positive patch tests for this compound. One case of occupational @entity6 due to @entity9 was diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 is a strong sensitizer and the use of gloves and protective clothing appears to be insufficient to prevent @entity1 . Elimination of @entity9 from production processes is desirable.

title: [Skin and XXXX caused by polyfunctional @entity10 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Musculoskeletal models are often created by making detailed anatomical measurements of muscle properties. These measurements can then be used to determine the parameters of canonical models of @entity1 . We describe here a complementary approach for developing and validating muscle models, using in situ measurements of muscle actions. We characterized the actions of two @entity0 hindlimb muscles: the gracilis posticus ( @entity2 ) and the posterior head of biceps femoris ( @entity3 ; excluding the anterior head with vertebral origin). The @entity2 is a relatively simple muscle, with a circumscribed origin and insertion. The @entity3 is more complex, with an insertion distributed along the tibia. We measured the six-dimensional isometric forces and moments at the ankle evoked from stimulating each muscle at a range of limb configurations. The variation of forces and moments across the workspace provides a succinct characterization of @entity1 . We then used this data to create a simple muscle model with a single point insertion and origin. The model parameters were optimized to best explain the observed force-moment data. This model explained the relatively simple muscle, @entity2 , very well (R(2)>0.85). Surprisingly, this simple model was also able to explain the action of the @entity3 , despite its greater complexity (R(2)>0.84). We then compared the actions observed here with those predicted using recently published anatomical measurements. Although the forces and moments predicted for the @entity2 were very similar to those observed here, the predictions for the @entity3 differed. These results show the potential utility of the approach described here for the development and refinement of musculoskeletal models based on in situ measurements of muscle actions.

title: Estimation of musculoskeletal models from in situ measurements of XXXX in the @entity0 hindlimb.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Musculoskeletal models are often created by making detailed anatomical measurements of muscle properties. These measurements can then be used to determine the parameters of canonical models of @entity1 . We describe here a complementary approach for developing and validating muscle models, using in situ measurements of muscle actions. We characterized the actions of two @entity0 hindlimb muscles: the gracilis posticus ( @entity2 ) and the posterior head of biceps femoris ( @entity3 ; excluding the anterior head with vertebral origin). The @entity2 is a relatively simple muscle, with a circumscribed origin and insertion. The @entity3 is more complex, with an insertion distributed along the tibia. We measured the six-dimensional isometric forces and moments at the ankle evoked from stimulating each muscle at a range of limb configurations. The variation of forces and moments across the workspace provides a succinct characterization of @entity1 . We then used this data to create a simple muscle model with a single point insertion and origin. The model parameters were optimized to best explain the observed force-moment data. This model explained the relatively simple muscle, @entity2 , very well (R(2)>0.85). Surprisingly, this simple model was also able to explain the action of the @entity3 , despite its greater complexity (R(2)>0.84). We then compared the actions observed here with those predicted using recently published anatomical measurements. Although the forces and moments predicted for the @entity2 were very similar to those observed here, the predictions for the @entity3 differed. These results show the potential utility of the approach described here for the development and refinement of musculoskeletal models based on in situ measurements of muscle actions.

title: Estimation of musculoskeletal models from in situ measurements of @entity1 in the XXXX hindlimb.

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is the most common @entity4 and a major cause of @entity3 . In adult patients, serum inhibin B and anti-Mullerian-hormone (AMH) are undetectable, @entity1 secretion is often impaired, and the tubules are depleted of germ cells. Before puberty, inhibin B, AMH, and @entity1 levels are within the normal range. OBJECTIVE: Sertoli and Leydig cell secretions, including @entity5 ( @entity5 ), were evaluated in @entity0 with nonmosaic XXY karyotype to assess testicular function soon after birth. DESIGN: The study was conducted in four University Pediatric Departments from the United States and France. SUBJECTS: Sixty-eight prenatally diagnosed @entity0 aged 2-750 d were enrolled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum FSH, LH, inhibin B, AMH, and @entity5 were measured by immunoassay, and @entity1 was measured by tandem mass-spectrometry. RESULTS: In @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity5 levels transiently increased at 2-3 months of age and were significantly correlated with @entity1 (Spearman r = 0.57) and LH (Spearman r = 0.73) levels. They did not differ from controls. @entity1 levels were within the normal range, but most of them were below the median of controls. Inhibin B and AMH levels were also within normal range. Inhibin B was correlated with FSH (Spearman r = 0.49). AMH was not correlated with FSH or @entity1 . FSH levels were above normal in 25% of @entity0 , despite normal inhibin B levels. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity2 , Leydig cells are normally sensitive to the LH proliferative effect. In contrast, the Sertoli cell sensitivity to FSH is questionable, which may be prophetic of the postpubertal Sertoli cell resistance to FSH.

title: Assessment of Leydig and Sertoli cell functions in @entity0 with nonmosaic XXXX : insulin-like peptide 3 levels are normal and positively correlated with LH levels.

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is the most common @entity4 and a major cause of @entity3 . In adult patients, serum inhibin B and anti-Mullerian-hormone (AMH) are undetectable, @entity1 secretion is often impaired, and the tubules are depleted of germ cells. Before puberty, inhibin B, AMH, and @entity1 levels are within the normal range. OBJECTIVE: Sertoli and Leydig cell secretions, including @entity5 ( @entity5 ), were evaluated in @entity0 with nonmosaic XXY karyotype to assess testicular function soon after birth. DESIGN: The study was conducted in four University Pediatric Departments from the United States and France. SUBJECTS: Sixty-eight prenatally diagnosed @entity0 aged 2-750 d were enrolled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum FSH, LH, inhibin B, AMH, and @entity5 were measured by immunoassay, and @entity1 was measured by tandem mass-spectrometry. RESULTS: In @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity5 levels transiently increased at 2-3 months of age and were significantly correlated with @entity1 (Spearman r = 0.57) and LH (Spearman r = 0.73) levels. They did not differ from controls. @entity1 levels were within the normal range, but most of them were below the median of controls. Inhibin B and AMH levels were also within normal range. Inhibin B was correlated with FSH (Spearman r = 0.49). AMH was not correlated with FSH or @entity1 . FSH levels were above normal in 25% of @entity0 , despite normal inhibin B levels. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity2 , Leydig cells are normally sensitive to the LH proliferative effect. In contrast, the Sertoli cell sensitivity to FSH is questionable, which may be prophetic of the postpubertal Sertoli cell resistance to FSH.

title: Assessment of Leydig and Sertoli cell functions in XXXX with nonmosaic @entity2 : insulin-like peptide 3 levels are normal and positively correlated with LH levels.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 seen with @entity7 and @entity5 may overlap with those resulting from @entity2 . A few disorders typically present with distinctive perceptions, but the majority have less specific symptoms. Features include whether or not the visual phenomena are negative or positive, monocular or binocular, and the location and form of any deficits. Among negative phenomena, transient @entity3 usually is the result of @entity1 , but particular precipitants may suggest @entity0 . The pattern and location of @entity3 may help localize disorders to the level of the macula, papillomacular or other inner retina nerve fiber bundles, optic nerve, or chiasm. Altered brightness perception may point to optic nerve or photoreceptor disease. Decreased acuity is among the most common and least specific symptoms, but association with other symptoms may help to narrow the differential diagnosis. Dyschromatopsia points to either a photoreceptor or optic nerve pathologic condition (Table 7). Among positive phenomena, @entity6 resulting from @entity3 typically are unformed, although deafferentation of retrochiasmal pathways may produce formed @entity6 . The common "floaters" frequently are benign, but occasionally herald more concerning disorders. Various types of photopsias commonly occur with vitreal @entity2 . @entity4 typically leads to distortions of the central visual field, and other @entity2 lead to a host of characteristic distortions of color, form, or brightness. Careful attention to the ophthalmologic examination, visual fields, and subtle variance in symptomatology also help to distinguish among @entity2 .

title: XXXX in @entity7 and @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 seen with @entity7 and @entity5 may overlap with those resulting from @entity2 . A few disorders typically present with distinctive perceptions, but the majority have less specific symptoms. Features include whether or not the visual phenomena are negative or positive, monocular or binocular, and the location and form of any deficits. Among negative phenomena, transient @entity3 usually is the result of @entity1 , but particular precipitants may suggest @entity0 . The pattern and location of @entity3 may help localize disorders to the level of the macula, papillomacular or other inner retina nerve fiber bundles, optic nerve, or chiasm. Altered brightness perception may point to optic nerve or photoreceptor disease. Decreased acuity is among the most common and least specific symptoms, but association with other symptoms may help to narrow the differential diagnosis. Dyschromatopsia points to either a photoreceptor or optic nerve pathologic condition (Table 7). Among positive phenomena, @entity6 resulting from @entity3 typically are unformed, although deafferentation of retrochiasmal pathways may produce formed @entity6 . The common "floaters" frequently are benign, but occasionally herald more concerning disorders. Various types of photopsias commonly occur with vitreal @entity2 . @entity4 typically leads to distortions of the central visual field, and other @entity2 lead to a host of characteristic distortions of color, form, or brightness. Careful attention to the ophthalmologic examination, visual fields, and subtle variance in symptomatology also help to distinguish among @entity2 .

title: @entity3 in @entity7 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity3 seen with @entity7 and @entity5 may overlap with those resulting from @entity2 . A few disorders typically present with distinctive perceptions, but the majority have less specific symptoms. Features include whether or not the visual phenomena are negative or positive, monocular or binocular, and the location and form of any deficits. Among negative phenomena, transient @entity3 usually is the result of @entity1 , but particular precipitants may suggest @entity0 . The pattern and location of @entity3 may help localize disorders to the level of the macula, papillomacular or other inner retina nerve fiber bundles, optic nerve, or chiasm. Altered brightness perception may point to optic nerve or photoreceptor disease. Decreased acuity is among the most common and least specific symptoms, but association with other symptoms may help to narrow the differential diagnosis. Dyschromatopsia points to either a photoreceptor or optic nerve pathologic condition (Table 7). Among positive phenomena, @entity6 resulting from @entity3 typically are unformed, although deafferentation of retrochiasmal pathways may produce formed @entity6 . The common "floaters" frequently are benign, but occasionally herald more concerning disorders. Various types of photopsias commonly occur with vitreal @entity2 . @entity4 typically leads to distortions of the central visual field, and other @entity2 lead to a host of characteristic distortions of color, form, or brightness. Careful attention to the ophthalmologic examination, visual fields, and subtle variance in symptomatology also help to distinguish among @entity2 .

title: @entity3 in XXXX and @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The CAPTIM trial suggested a survival benefit of prehospital fibrinolysis (FL) compared to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) with a presentation delay of <2 hours. We examined the relationship between reperfusion strategy and time from symptom onset on 1-year mortality in a combined analysis of 1,168 @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Individual @entity0 data from CAPTIM (n = 840, 1997-2000) and the more recent WEST trial (n = 328, 2003-2005) were pooled. RESULTS: Median age was 58 years, 81% were @entity0 , and 41% had @entity1 ; 640 @entity0 were randomized to FL versus 528 @entity0 to PCI. Both arms received contemporary adjunctive medical therapy. Presentation delay (ie, symptom onset to randomization) was similar in FL and PCI @entity0 (median 105 [72-158] vs 106 [74-162] minutes, P = .712). Rescue PCI after FL occurred in 26% and 27%, and 30-day PCI, in 70% and 71% in CAPTIM and WEST, respectively. Mortality was not different between FL and PCI (4.6% vs 6.5%, P = .263); however, the interaction between presentation delay and treatment was significant (P = .043). Benefit with FL was observed with time <2 hours (2.8% [FL] vs 6.9% [PCI], P = .021, hazard ratio [HR] 0.43, 95% CI 0.20-0.91), whereas beyond 2 hours, no treatment difference was observed (6.9% [FL] vs 6.0% [PCI], P = .529, HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.61-2.46). CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of early FL demonstrated a reduction in 1-year mortality compared to primary PCI in early presenters. Time from symptom onset should be a key consideration when selecting reperfusion therapy for @entity1 .

title: The influence of time from symptom onset and reperfusion strategy on 1-year survival in XXXX : a pooled analysis of an early fibrinolytic strategy versus primary percutaneous coronary intervention from CAPTIM and WEST.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether low maternal serum concentrations of @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1 ) were associated with poor pregnancy outcome. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2000, 20,880 @entity0 underwent triple test screening in our hospital. The levels of @entity1 were detected by fluorescent immunoassay. Low @entity1 levels (< or = 0.20 MoM in our center) were considered to be a marker for increased risk for trisomy 18 or adverse pregnancy outcome. Each @entity0 completed a questionnaire regarding fetal karyotype, complications of pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. RESULTS: Low maternal serum concentrations of @entity1 were detected in 119 pregnancies (0.57%). Of these, 19 (16%) were found to be missed abortions. The distribution of the remaining 100 cases was as follows: 72% had an isolated low @entity1 level, 24% had a low @entity1 level and a combination of @entity1 + alpha-fetoprotein < 0.80 MoM, and 4% had a low @entity1 level and a combination of @entity1 + unconjugated @entity3 < 0.80 MoM. No trisomy 18 or other @entity2 were detected in our @entity0 population. However, there were perinatal complications. CONCLUSION: Based on our screened population, a combination of multiple analytes seemed to be a better marker than an isolated finding of low maternal serum concentrations of @entity1 with regards to abnormal fetal karyotype, specifically trisomy 18, although it did determine a high-risk group in terms of complications of pregnancy.

title: Low maternal serum concentrations of XXXX chorionic gonadotropin as part of the triple test screening: a follow-up study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate maternal and perinatal outcome in nulliparious @entity0 complicated with pregnancy @entity1 . METHODS: This descriptive-analytic and case-control study was performed on 100 @entity1 and 100 normotensive nulliparious @entity0 who were referred to Imam Reza hospital in 2008. They were compared for maternal and perinatal outcomes. The data was analyzed by SPSS software. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: In this study, there were no significant differences in maternal age, menstruation condition, delivery mode, placental detachment rate between the studied groups. Gestational age was significantly lower in the case group, especially in severe @entity4 subgroup (P < 0.001). Serum @entity3 level more than 1.2 mg/dl was significantly higher in mild and severe @entity4 groups (P = 0.018). Significant differences were found in neonatal APGAR, need of rescusitation, NICU admission, birth weight and length, LBW and @entity5 between the studied groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study revealed that @entity2 mostly appear in pregnancy complicated with induced @entity1 especially in severe @entity4 .

title: Maternal and perinatal outcome in nulliparious @entity0 complicated with pregnancy XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate maternal and perinatal outcome in nulliparious @entity0 complicated with pregnancy @entity1 . METHODS: This descriptive-analytic and case-control study was performed on 100 @entity1 and 100 normotensive nulliparious @entity0 who were referred to Imam Reza hospital in 2008. They were compared for maternal and perinatal outcomes. The data was analyzed by SPSS software. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: In this study, there were no significant differences in maternal age, menstruation condition, delivery mode, placental detachment rate between the studied groups. Gestational age was significantly lower in the case group, especially in severe @entity4 subgroup (P < 0.001). Serum @entity3 level more than 1.2 mg/dl was significantly higher in mild and severe @entity4 groups (P = 0.018). Significant differences were found in neonatal APGAR, need of rescusitation, NICU admission, birth weight and length, LBW and @entity5 between the studied groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study revealed that @entity2 mostly appear in pregnancy complicated with induced @entity1 especially in severe @entity4 .

title: Maternal and perinatal outcome in nulliparious XXXX complicated with pregnancy @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cellular immune mechanisms have been shown to play a prominent role in @entity4 . Cellular mediators of @entity2 cause both @entity1 . Understanding the mediation pathways offers the opportunity for therapeutic manipulation. In addition to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, monocytes/macrophages, B-cells and T-cells subsets are being enumerated in normal and diseased renal tissues. The correlation between immunological findings in peripheral blood and infiltrate composition in renal tissue, by using weekly @entity3 ( @entity3 ), for assessing the clinical status and monitoring the immunosuppressive therapy was the aim of this study. When determining the intensity of @entity2 the numerical values of the Total Corrected Increment (T.C.I.) were defined as follows: less than 1.5 no @entity2 ; from 1.5 to 2.0 @entity2 possible; greater than 2.0 @entity2 . The ratio between OKT4 and OKT8 was used as the index: greater than 2.0 immunologic activation; greater than 2.0 no immunologic activation. When the T.C.I. was greater than 1.5 and the OKT4/OKT8 less than 2.0, or the T.C.I. less than 1.5 and the OKT4/OKT8 greater than 2.0 we used only a standard treatment. When both activation indexes were in the normal range we have not treated the @entity0 . When the T.C.I. was greater than 1.5 and the OKT4/OKT8 was greater than 2.0 we treated the @entity0 with standard treatment plus @entity5 pulses every time the activation indexes monitored by @entity3 , showed an increase. A spontaneous improvement was obtained in untreated @entity0 . The @entity0 treated by standard therapy alone showed a different outcome. All @entity0 treated with standard therapy plus @entity5 pulses showed a progressive clinical improvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sequential fine needle aspiration biopsy in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are distressing and frequent adverse events of anesthesia and surgery. @entity4 receptor antagonists (SRAs), including @entity6 , granisetron, @entity8 , dolasetron, and @entity7 , effectively decrease the incidence of @entity5 . Among these SRAs, @entity7 is the most effective antiemetic for the prophylaxis against @entity5 in terms of the inhibitory potency, binding rate, and stabilizing its pharmacological activity. This review article focused on the efficacy of @entity7 for preventing @entity5 (POV) in @entity0 . Because of young age of pediatric @entity0 , @entity3 was not assessed a separate entity. MEDLINE (PubMED) and EMBASE (January 1990 - September 2010) were searched for randomized, double-blind, (placebo-controlled), studies (written in English) of @entity7 for preventing @entity5 in adults and POV in @entity0 . The incidence of @entity5 during 0-24 h after anesthesia was less in @entity0 receiving @entity7 0.3 mg than in those receiving placebo, in adults undergoing gynecologic surgery, dilatation and curettage, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, middle ear surgery, thyroidectomy, and total hip/knee replacement. The incidence of POV during 0-24 h after anesthesia was less in pediatric @entity0 receiving @entity7 6 mcg kg(-1) than in those receiving placebo, in @entity0 undergoing strabismus surgery and tonsillectomy. In adults, the most commonly reported adverse effect was @entity1 (5-20%). In @entity0 , clinically serious adverse events, such as excessive sedation and @entity2 , were not observed. Prophylactic therapy with @entity7 is effective for preventing @entity5 in adults and POV in @entity0 without clinically serious adverse effects.

title: Current review of XXXX in the prevention of @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are distressing and frequent adverse events of anesthesia and surgery. @entity4 receptor antagonists (SRAs), including @entity6 , granisetron, @entity8 , dolasetron, and @entity7 , effectively decrease the incidence of @entity5 . Among these SRAs, @entity7 is the most effective antiemetic for the prophylaxis against @entity5 in terms of the inhibitory potency, binding rate, and stabilizing its pharmacological activity. This review article focused on the efficacy of @entity7 for preventing @entity5 (POV) in @entity0 . Because of young age of pediatric @entity0 , @entity3 was not assessed a separate entity. MEDLINE (PubMED) and EMBASE (January 1990 - September 2010) were searched for randomized, double-blind, (placebo-controlled), studies (written in English) of @entity7 for preventing @entity5 in adults and POV in @entity0 . The incidence of @entity5 during 0-24 h after anesthesia was less in @entity0 receiving @entity7 0.3 mg than in those receiving placebo, in adults undergoing gynecologic surgery, dilatation and curettage, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, middle ear surgery, thyroidectomy, and total hip/knee replacement. The incidence of POV during 0-24 h after anesthesia was less in pediatric @entity0 receiving @entity7 6 mcg kg(-1) than in those receiving placebo, in @entity0 undergoing strabismus surgery and tonsillectomy. In adults, the most commonly reported adverse effect was @entity1 (5-20%). In @entity0 , clinically serious adverse events, such as excessive sedation and @entity2 , were not observed. Prophylactic therapy with @entity7 is effective for preventing @entity5 in adults and POV in @entity0 without clinically serious adverse effects.

title: Current review of @entity7 in the prevention of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness in @entity3 @entity0 after filtration surgery by using optical coherence tomography (OCT). DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. @entity0 : Thirty-eight eyes of 31 @entity3 @entity0 who underwent trabeculectomy or a combined procedure of @entity2 extraction and trabeculectomy were evaluated retrospectively. METHODS: Eyes were imaged with OCT before surgery (1 week to 6 months before surgery; mean +/- standard deviation [SD], 71.3 +/- 61.2 days) and after surgery (6-12 months after surgery; 247.2 +/- 63.5 days) to measure peripapillary NFL thickness. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in mean and segmental NFL thickness with respect to age, postoperative change in @entity4 ( @entity4 ), preoperative @entity1 . RESULTS: A significant increase in the overall mean NFL thickness was present after surgery (P < 0.0001). Segmental analysis found a significant increase in NFL thickness in the nasal, superior, and temporal quadrants. @entity4 decreased after surgery from 22.0 +/- 6.4 mmHg to 11.4 +/- 4.7 mmHg (mean +/- SD). Twenty-eight (73.7%) of 38 eyes had an @entity4 >30%. The mean NFL thickness increase (0.5- microm/mmHg decrease of @entity4 ) was significantly correlated with the @entity4 (r = -0.41; P = 0.03). No correlation was found between NFL thickness changes and age, preoperative @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A significant increase of the mean NFL thickness, which was related to @entity4 , was detected after @entity3 filtration surgery.

title: Optical coherence tomography assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness changes after XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a 50-year-old @entity0 who was initially seen with a corneal perforation in his right eye 2 months after a photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) procedure and to discuss the roles of topical @entity7 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). DESIGN: Case report with tissue analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ocular examination, diagnostic workup, surgical treatment, and histologic, immunofluorescent, zymography, and real time-polymerase chain reaction studies on corneal button. RESULTS: Slit-lamp examination of the right eye revealed a 4-mm diameter area of central corneal thinning with a 2-mm diameter perforation at its center. Predisposing factors included prolonged postoperative topical @entity7 therapy for more than 2 months and a 10-year history of well-controlled @entity1 . An extensive diagnostic workup ruled out a @entity2 . A penetrating keratoplasty was performed. Results of immunohistochemical studies of the corneal button showed stromal accumulation of @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity5 in the anterior wounded stroma and @entity5 in the basal corneal epithelial cells of the leading edge. Differential activity and expression of @entity4 and @entity5 were found between the central and peripheral corneal buttons. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged use of @entity7 and @entity1 might be responsible for the corneal perforation after PRK in our @entity0 . @entity5 and @entity6 might be involved in delayed wound closure and corneal melting.

title: Late corneal perforation after photorefractive keratectomy associated with topical XXXX : involvement of matrix metalloproteinases.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Does @entity1 associated with @entity3 behave like an idiopathic or a typical @entity2 ? Should it be treated like an idiopathic or a neuromuscular curve? Since no precise information to answer these questions could be found in the orthopaedic literature, a retrospective study was undertaken of seventy-eight @entity0 with @entity3 who had been followed at our neuromuscular clinic. Fifty-six of these @entity0 were found to have typical @entity3 in accordance with the criteria of Geoffroy et al., and their cases were retained for analysis. Their mean age was twenty years (range, eight to thirty-three years). The average length of clinical follow-up was nine years and the average duration of radiographic follow-up of the @entity1 was 3.5 years. A @entity1 of more than 10 degrees was found in all @entity0 and was associated with a hyperkyphosis in 66 per cent. Both sexes were equally affected. Fifty-seven per cent of the curves were double thoracic and lumbar; 14 per cent were thoracolumbar; 7 per cent, double thoracic and thoracolumbar; 7 per cent, thoracic; 4 per cent, lumbar; and 11 per cent, multiple small curves. Of the fifty-six @entity0 whose cases were studied, thirty-six had been followed for at least ten years. Among these thirty-six, there were twenty whose curves were more than 60 degrees and progressed (Group I) and sixteen whose curves were 40 degrees or less and did not progress (Group II).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Natural history of XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Does @entity1 associated with @entity3 behave like an idiopathic or a typical @entity2 ? Should it be treated like an idiopathic or a neuromuscular curve? Since no precise information to answer these questions could be found in the orthopaedic literature, a retrospective study was undertaken of seventy-eight @entity0 with @entity3 who had been followed at our neuromuscular clinic. Fifty-six of these @entity0 were found to have typical @entity3 in accordance with the criteria of Geoffroy et al., and their cases were retained for analysis. Their mean age was twenty years (range, eight to thirty-three years). The average length of clinical follow-up was nine years and the average duration of radiographic follow-up of the @entity1 was 3.5 years. A @entity1 of more than 10 degrees was found in all @entity0 and was associated with a hyperkyphosis in 66 per cent. Both sexes were equally affected. Fifty-seven per cent of the curves were double thoracic and lumbar; 14 per cent were thoracolumbar; 7 per cent, double thoracic and thoracolumbar; 7 per cent, thoracic; 4 per cent, lumbar; and 11 per cent, multiple small curves. Of the fifty-six @entity0 whose cases were studied, thirty-six had been followed for at least ten years. Among these thirty-six, there were twenty whose curves were more than 60 degrees and progressed (Group I) and sixteen whose curves were 40 degrees or less and did not progress (Group II).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Natural history of @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Endothelial function may be affected by the endothelial cell loss and increased variability in cell shape and size (polymegathism) that accompany normal @entity2 . Endothelial function can be evaluated by monitoring corneal hydration recovery following hypoxic stress. The authors compared corneal recovery and endothelial morphology between a group of younger (mean = 26.7 yr) and older (means = 65.7 yr) subjects with normal corneas. @entity0 (60 microns) was induced with hydrogel lenses worn with the eyes closed. Following lens removal, the decrease in corneal thickness was monitored for 4 hr with one eye open while the contralateral eye remained closed. For both age groups, corneal recovery followed a non-linear time course. The @entity1 required 2.5 hr and 3.0 hr to return to baseline for the younger and older age groups, respectively. Recovery during eye closure took 3.5 hr to reach the normal closed eye level for the younger subjects and was not complete at 4 hr for the older subjects. Recovery rates were significantly slower for the older vs younger subjects during the first 2 hr of closed eye recovery, 10.5 vs 15.0 microns/hr, and for the initial 1 hr of @entity1 recovery, 26.5 vs 35.6 microns/hr. For both age groups combined, the rate of recovery was negatively correlated with the coefficient of variation in cell area, r = -0.62 and -0.69 (P less than 0.01), for both closed and @entity1 recovery, respectively. When each morphological characteristic was isolated, the only significant correlation found was between the coefficient of variation in cell area and the rate of recovery during eye closure, r = -0.66 (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Decreased endothelial pump function with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A review of published literature on @entity6 in Pakistan is presented. A total of 220 abstracts available in the Pakmedinet and Medline have been searched. All relevant articles were reviewed to determine the prevalence of @entity6 in Pakistan. Two hundred and three (203) relevant articles/abstracts including twenty nine supporting references are included in this review. Of the articles on prevalence of @entity2 , seven were related to @entity2 , fifteen to @entity2 while the remaining articles were on frequency of @entity4 and C in different disease and healthy population groups. These included eight studies on healthy @entity0 , three on vertical transmission, nineteen on pregnant @entity0 , fifteen on healthy individuals, six on army recruits, thirty one on blood donors, thirteen on health care workers, five on unsafe injections, seventeen on high risk groups, five on @entity0 with provisional diagnosis of @entity2 , thirty three on @entity0 with @entity3 , four on genotypes of @entity1 and five on genotypes of @entity5 . This review highlights the lack of community-based epidemiological work as the number of subjects studied were predominantly @entity0 , high risk groups and healthy blood donors. High level of @entity2 seroconversion was found in @entity0 and this viral infection accounts for almost 50%-60% of all cases of @entity2 in @entity0 in Pakistan. @entity2 is endemic in the country affecting mostly the adult population and epidemic situations have been reported from many parts of the country. The mean results of HBsAg and Anti-HCV prevalence on the basis of data aggregated from several studies was calculated which shows 2.3% and 2.5% prevalence of HBsAg and Anti-HCV in @entity0 , 2.5% and 5.2% among pregnant @entity0 , 2.6% and 5.3% in general population, 3.5% and 3.1% in army recruits, 2.4% and 3.6% in blood donors, 6.0% and 5.4% in health care workers, 13.0% and 10.3% in high risk groups, 12.3% and 12.0% in @entity0 with provisional diagnosis of @entity2 and 25.7% and 54% in @entity0 with @entity3 respectively. This review has illustrated the high @entity6 in Pakistan where @entity4 and C potentially account for a serious burden of the disease. This review has triggered the launching of a network intervention for the @entity2 . This review was used as the basis for the launch of @entity2 programme, but putting it into a formal review took time and the @entity2 program was initiated.

title: A XXXX in Pakistan.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors of @entity3 in renal transplant recipients and its effect on graft function among transplanted @entity0 visiting the outpatients department of Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation. METHODS: This cohort study was conducted at Transplantation department, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation Karachi. The period of the study enrollment extended from April 2008 to September 2008 included were two hundred adult live related renal transplant recipients who were enrolled during the initial post transplant period and followed up for one year. Analysis was done by using SPSS ver 10.0. The level of significance was taken as 0.05. Student's t test and chi square test were used to compare the variables in both groups. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity0 was 30 +/- 10 years. Sixty six (33%) renal transplant recipients had at least one episode of @entity3 which occurred in 51 (77%) @entity0 during the first two months after renal transplant and 8 (12%) @entity0 had recurrence of @entity2 . Gram negative bacilli were the principally isolated agents. @entity4 was found in 34 (51%) @entity0 and Pseudomonas in 12 (18%). @entity1 , @entity6 , delays in Foleys removal, and post operation hospital stay were statistically significant risk factors for @entity3 in the @entity0 . Twenty three recipients of the study developed early @entity5 due to @entity3 . No graft was lost in either groups. CONCLUSION: @entity6 , @entity1 , delay in removal of Foley's catheter and increased post transplant hospital stay are risk factors leading to UTI in renal transplant recipients.

title: Frequency of XXXX in renal transplant recipients and effect on graft function.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The overnight (16-h) fast is one of the most common experimental manipulations performed in rodent studies. Despite its ubiquitous employment, a comprehensive evaluation of metabolomic and transcriptomic sequelae of fasting in conjunction with routine clinical pathology evaluation has not been undertaken. This study assessed the impact of a 16-h fast on urine and serum metabolic profiles, transcript profiles of liver, psoas muscle, and jejunum as well as on routine laboratory clinical pathology parameters. Fasting @entity0 had an approximate 12% relative weight decrease compared to ad libitum fed animals, and urine volume was significantly increased. Fasting had no effect on hematology parameters, though several changes were evident in serum and urine clinical chemistry data. In general, metabolic changes in biofluids were modest in magnitude but broad in extent, with a majority of measured urinary metabolites and from 1/3 to 1/2 of monitored serum metabolites significantly affected. Increases in @entity3 and @entity5 dominated the upregulated metabolites. Downregulated serum metabolites were dominated by diet-derived and/or gut-microflora derived metabolites. Major transcriptional changes included genes with roles in @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity6 metabolism indicating decreased activity in glycolytic pathways and a shift toward increased utilization of @entity3 . Typically, several genes within these metabolic pathways, including key rate limiting genes, changed simultaneously, and those changes were frequently correlative to changes in clinical pathology parameters or metabolomic data. Importantly, up- or down-regulation of a variety of cytochrome P450s, transporters, and transferases was evident. Taken together, these data indicate profound consequences of fasting on systemic biochemistry and raise the potential for unanticipated interactions, particularly when metabolomic or transcriptomic data are primary end points.

title: Metabolomic and transcriptomic changes induced by overnight (16 h) fasting in male and female XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The association between increased body mass index (BMI) and prolonged operative time (OT) in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RLRP) has been suggested before. It is unclear, however, which RLRP step contributes to this finding. We aimed to assess the association between BMI and duration of RLRP steps. @entity0 AND METHODS: Records of @entity0 who underwent RLRP between 2003 and 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographics (including BMI) and OT were recorded. We reviewed total OT (incision to closure) and separate duration of sequential steps of RLRP: In room to incision (preparation), incision to robot docking (port-placement), docking to endopelvic fascia dissection end (retroperitoneal space development), dorsal vein complex (DVC) control, DVC-control end to @entity3 (prostate dissection), vesicourethral @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and undocking time (undocking). We divided this cohort into BMI groups (<25, 25.0 to 29.9, 30.0 to 34.9, and >= 35) and compared their characteristics and OT. RESULTS: A total of 555 @entity0 were analyzed. OT was significantly different across BMI groups with medians of 159, 181, 178, and 191 minutes for BMI <25, 25 to 29.9, 30 to 34.9, and >= 35   kg/m2, respectively (P   =   0.002). For BMI <25, preparation and prostate dissection were significantly shorter. There was a correlation between higher BMI and longer time of prostate dissection with nerve-sparing technique (P   =   0.016), but not with a non-nerve-sparing approach (P   =   0.658). Higher BMI was associated with longer times of DVC-control and vesicourethral @entity2 (P   =   0.048 and P   =   0.035, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Higher BMI is significantly associated with prolonged total OT for RLRP with specific steps (preparation, nerve-sparing dissection, DVC-control, @entity2 ) responsible for this result. These data need to be considered when planning RLRP in the @entity1 population.

title: Surgical steps that elongate operative time in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy among the XXXX population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the outcome and safety of the totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) from subcostal access in @entity0 with @entity4 in the upper pole of the kidney. @entity0 AND METHODS: Seventy @entity0 with upper @entity4 were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial from April 2003 to November 2008. The inclusion criteria were the existence of solely upper pole stones, stone size >1.5   cm, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy failure or stone in closed calix and diverticulum, and successful subcostal access for reaching the stone. The exclusion criteria were unsuccessful subcostal access, more than two percutaneous accesses, prominent collecting system perforation, intraoperative significant @entity2 , @entity1 . The totally tubeless procedure was performed on 35 @entity0 (group A); another 35 @entity0 (group B) underwent standard PCNL. The incidence of complications, hospital stay, transfusion rate, stone-free rate, and analgesics use as well as return to normal activity were compared during a 1-month study period. RESULTS: The mean stone burden was 2.81 (standard deviation [SD]   =   0.59) in group A vs 2.87 (SD   =   0.62) cm(2) in group B. Hospitalization averaged 1.49 (SD   =   0.7) vs 2.89 (SD   =   0.99) days (P   <   0.001), and the average analgesics use was 8.2 (SD   =   3.59) mg vs 14.3 (SD   =   5.99) mg of @entity3 , respectively (P   <   0.001). The @entity0 returned to normal activity in 11 (SD   =   4.2) days in group A vs 17.6 (SD   =   4) days in group B (P   <   0.001). Operative time, transfusion rate, complications, re-treatment, and the overall stone-free rate were not different significantly, and no major complication was seen in the study as well. CONCLUSION: Totally tubeless PCNL for the upper @entity4 from subcostal access is accompanied by decreased hospital stay and analgesics use and a rapid return to normal activity. It can be considered as an accepted and cost-beneficial procedure for upper @entity4 .

title: Totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy for upper XXXX using subcostal access.

answer: @entity4


abstract: From 1973 through 1983, 19 cases of chronic @entity3 (CTA) were observed. Initial @entity1 was well documented in every case. @entity0 mean age at time of @entity1 was 22; mean age at time of surgery was 34. Sixty per cent of @entity0 had no apparent @entity5 at time of @entity1 . Ninety-five per cent had associated injuries. Ten/nineteen were asymptomatic. Eighteen were operated on. @entity2 was complete in 11, partial in 7. One of the partial @entity2 was a simple scar on the aorta. Eighteen were located at the site of the aortic isthmus, one was at level T8-T9. Seventeen had a prosthetic dacron graft sutured from inside the @entity3 . The case where a simple scar was found had a dacron wrapping. Spinal cord protection was used in all cases except in one who was already paraplegic preoperatively. Various shunts were used in 12 cases; 1 @entity0 in the by-pass group had @entity4 . CTA is not a benign disease and all cases, even asymptomatic, should be operated on with a very low risk of mortality (0/18). Occurrence of @entity4 still remains a possible complication although the risk of @entity6 seems lower than in arteriosclerotic dissecting @entity3 . We favour the "old" technique of temporary dacron shunt graft in CTA for simplicity and easy assessment of function ot the shunt.

title: XXXX of the descending thoracic aorta (19 cases).

answer: @entity3


abstract: It is generally believed that pregnancy is mediated by a Th2 response, which includes cytokines that promote placental growth and are involved in inducing tolerance to the foetus. If the balance between @entity4 /and Th2-mediated cytokines is disrupted, systemic and local changes could predispose the foetus to future disease. Therefore, a shift in the @entity4 /Th2 balance during pregnancy, possibly caused by underlying environmental factors, could be associated with post-partum @entity3 in the offspring. Based on this presumption, we used @entity7 as a model to investigate whether @entity3 is triggered in the foetus during early pregnancy, observed as changes in the mother's cytokine profile. Ten cytokines were measured by electro-chemi-luminescent multiplex ELISA in serum samples obtained from mothers during early pregnancy. Cases included @entity0 with @entity0 who had developed verified @entity7 before the age of 5, who were compared with other @entity0 as matched controls. We observed that 7 out of 10 cytokine levels were significantly increased in our case mothers when compared to controls. Five of these belonged to what is generally known as a @entity4 -mediated response ( @entity1 , IFNy, @entity5 , @entity6 and IL-12) and two were Th2 cytokines ( @entity8 and @entity2 ). However, the @entity2 cytokine is known to have features from both arms of the immune system. These results were confirmed in a logistic regression model where five out of the initial seven cytokines remained. This study suggests that increase in @entity4 serum cytokines may be associated with @entity7 in offspring.

title: Early human pregnancy serum cytokine levels predict XXXX in offspring.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stapled transanal rectal resection is a novel surgery for @entity2 . Few data on the functional and morphologic outcome after the surgery have been reported. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the functional and morphologic outcome after stapled transanal rectal resection. DESIGN: This is a prospective study of consecutive @entity0 undergoing transanal rectal resection. SETTING: The study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital, Beijing, China, from May 2007 to May 2009. @entity0 : Eighty-six consecutive female @entity0 with @entity2 were carefully selected. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity0 underwent stapled transanal rectal resection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were @entity0 ' symptoms, @entity2 score, Wexner @entity1 score, anorectal manometry and defecography before and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: The occurrence of all symptoms were significantly reduced after the procedure (P < .0001). @entity2 score was decreased from 18.17    4.68 preoperatively to 7.36    3.52 postoperatively (P < .0001) with the Wexner @entity1 score unchanged. Maximum tolerable rectal volume was significantly decreased (236.08    50.00 vs 205.25    29.60, P < .0001) after surgery with anal sphincter pressures unchanged. Postoperative defecography was performed in 64 @entity0 . Rectocele disappeared in 40 of 62 @entity0 . The depth of rectocele was reduced from 35.40    4.58 mm preoperatively to 19.77    9.19 mm postoperatively (P < .0001). Incomplete evacuation disappeared in 41 of 51 @entity0 . Intussusception was completely corrected in 39 of 56 @entity0 . The reduction of @entity2 score was greater in @entity0 with both rectocele and intussusception corrected than others (12.75    2.24 vs 9.17    3.47; P < .0001). LIMITATIONS: This study was limited owing to the lack of a control group and the medium-term results. CONCLUSIONS: Stapled transanal rectal resection is an effective procedure for @entity2 . The functional outcome is good with the preservation of sphincter function and continence postoperatively. The morphologic outcome confirmed its efficacy in correcting rectocele and intussusception, and correlated well with clinical improvement.

title: Functional and morphologic outcome after stapled transanal rectal resection for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Despite numerous theories, the etiology and pathogenesis of primary @entity8 remain unclear. The etiology of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) known as @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is related to leukocyte trapping. Leukocyte trapping involves trapping of white cells in vessel walls followed by their activation and translocation outside the vessel. Release of reactive @entity1 species (ROS) from trapped white cells has been documented. @entity4 dismutase (SOD) directly inhibits the generation of free radicals and compounds that are produced during oxidation by ROS, such as @entity5 ( @entity6 ). The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of free radicals in the etiology of venous changes. The following material was used for the study: fragments of @entity7 and varices from 31 @entity0 diagnosed with chronic @entity2 in the 2nd or 3rd degree, according to clinical state, etiology, anatomy and pathophysiology (CEAP), which were qualified for surgical procedure. The levels of oxidative stress markers strongly correlated with lesions observed by USG in insufficient and @entity8 . In both a higher concentration of @entity6 was observed, which is a sign of lipid peroxidation. Antioxidative mechanisms, SOD activity and total antioxidative power expressed as @entity9 were inversely proportional to @entity6 concentration. In insufficient and @entity8 both @entity9 and SOD activities were significantly lower than in normal veins. The severity of clinical changes was inversely dependent on the efficiency of scavenging of ROS, which additionally proves the participation of free radicals in pathogenesis of @entity3 .

title: Generation of reactive XXXX species by a sufficient, insufficient and varicose vein wall.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate reliability and feasibility of a standardized protocol to assess and score quality indicators relevant to pressure @entity1 (PU) care processes in nursing homes (NHs). DESIGN: Descriptive. SETTING: Eight NHs. @entity0 : One hundred ninety-one @entity2 residents for whom the PU Resident Assessment Protocol of the Minimum Data Set was initiated. MEASUREMENTS: Nine quality indicators (two related to screening and prevention of PU, two focused on assessment, and five addressing management) were scored using medical record data, direct @entity0 observation, and wireless thigh monitor observation data. Feasibility and reliability of medical record, observation, and thigh monitor protocols were determined. RESULTS: The percentage of @entity0 who passed each of the indicators, indicating care consistent with practice guidelines, ranged from 0% to 98% across all indicators. In general, @entity0 in NHs passed fewer indicators and had more problems with medical record accuracy before a PU was detected (screening/prevention indicators) than they did once an @entity1 was documented (assessment and management indicators). Reliability of the medical record protocol showed kappa statistics ranging from 0.689 to 1.00 and percentage agreement from 80% to 100%. Direct observation protocols yielded kappa statistics of 0.979 and 0.928. Thigh monitor protocols showed kappa statistics ranging from 0.609 to 0.842. Training was variable, with the observation protocol requiring 1 to 2 hours, medical records requiring joint review of 20 charts with average time to complete the review of 20 minutes, and the thigh monitor data requiring 1 week for training in data preparation and interpretation. CONCLUSION: The standardized quality assessment system generated scores for nine PU quality indicators with good reliability and provided explicit scoring rules that permit reproducible conclusions about PU care. The focus of the indicators on care processes that are under the control of @entity2 staff made the protocol useful for external survey and internal quality improvement purposes, and the thigh monitor observational technology provided a method for monitoring repositioning care processes that were otherwise difficult to monitor and manage.

title: Standardized quality-assessment system to evaluate pressure XXXX care in the nursing home.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to compare the methods of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity9 ( @entity9 ) in cases of isthmic Grades 1 and 2 lumbar spondylolisthesis, and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the procedures. METHODS: Operations were performed in 50 @entity0 with lumbar spondylolisthesis in the authors' clinics between 2001 and 2007. Indications for surgery were @entity6 with or without @entity10 and @entity2 that had not improved after at least 6 months of conservative treatment. The study included 33 female and 17 male @entity0 , with mean ages of 50.6 years in the @entity7 group and 47.3 years in the @entity9 group. These @entity0 were randomly allocated into 2 groups: decompression, posterior transpedicular instrumentation, and @entity9 (Group 1; 25 @entity0 ) and decompression, posterior transpedicular instrumentation, and @entity7 (Group 2; 25 @entity0 ). In the @entity7 group, @entity3 cages were used, and autograft material was obtained from the decompression. In the @entity9 group, bone fragments collected from the iliac crest were used as autografts. A minimum 18-month follow-up was available in all @entity0 . For clinical evaluation, a visual analog scale, @entity4 Index, and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey were used. Improvements in pre- and postoperative spondylolisthesis, segmental angles, fusion ratios, and @entity1 were evaluated radiologically. RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 3.3 years. Based on the etiologies, isthmic spondylolisthesis was detected in all @entity0 . The spondylolisthesis levels in the @entity0 who underwent @entity7 were located at @entity8 (5 @entity0 , 20%); L4-5 (14, 56%); and L5-S1 (6, 24%), whereas the levels in the ones treated with @entity9 were located at @entity8 (4 @entity0 , 16%); L4-5 (13, 52%); and L5-S1 (8, 32%). In the clinical evaluations, good or excellent results were obtained in 22 (88%) cases in the @entity7 group and 19 (76%) cases in the @entity9 group. Fusion ratios were 100% in the @entity7 group and 84% in the @entity9 group. Both lumbar @entity5 and the segmental angle showed greater improvement in the @entity7 group. There was no difference in the complication rates for each group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on early clinical outcomes and the fusion ratios of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis, the authors found @entity7 to be superior to @entity9 .

title: Posterior lumbar interbody fusion versus XXXX with instrumentation in the treatment of low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis: midterm clinical outcomes.

answer: @entity9


abstract: In 1992, following consultations with the Royal College of Psychiatrists, the confidential inquiry into homicides and suicides by mentally ill @entity0 was set up by the United Kingdom Department of Health. The inquiry collects detailed information on contact with secondary mental health services by means of a questionnaire from clinical audit or information departments from these organisations. In Leeds, however, a wider range of available records including Coroner Reports, police, social, educational, and all health records were consulted. This resulted in a series of health/life event histories of suicide cases that had been in contact with @entity1 services. This paper presents an exploratory analysis of these data. The Leeds suicide cases formed less than one-third of all suicide cases in Leeds; the remainder had not come into contact with @entity1 services. This proportion is consistent with the U.K. national figures. Records show that 46% of the sample"s first contact with the @entity1 services was through a first failed attempted suicide. Other results include the role of prescribed drugs in repeat suicide attempts, education levels, and employment stability. It is concluded that the link between @entity2 and suicide is questionable. Life event history type data on all suicide cases is desperately required to study suicide as a social process.

title: Suicides by mentally ill XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: While most @entity1 @entity0 are prescribed a selective @entity2 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) as an initial treatment, the use of SSRIs as a second or third-line treatment for @entity1 is not as prevalent. This trial assessed the efficacy of @entity3 for @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or @entity0 with a history of @entity4 who responded but later relapsed. Twelve @entity0 with @entity4 who had not responded to a number of antidepressant trials (n=7), or had responded but subsequently suffered a relapse (n=5), were enrolled in an 8-week, open trial of @entity3 . Both a completer analysis (n=6) and an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis (n=12) were performed to evaluate @entity3 response rates. Using a completer analysis, four @entity0 (66.6%) were classified as responders; one (16.7%) as a partial responder and one (16.7%) as a non-responder. An ITT analysis resulted in five (41.7%) @entity0 being classified as responders; one (8.3%) as a partial responder and six (50%) as non-responders. Of the four responders in the completer analysis, three (50%) achieved remission. Of the five responders in the ITT analysis, four (33.3%) achieved remission. Overall, two of seven (28.6%) non-responders and three of five (60.0%) relapsers responded to @entity3 . The present results suggest the potential utility of @entity3 for @entity0 with @entity4 , or those with a history of @entity4 who responded but later relapsed, and warrant larger, placebo-controlled studies to further explore the potential role of @entity3 for such @entity0 .

title: A pilot, open study of @entity3 in outpatients with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or with a history of XXXX who responded but later relapsed.

answer: @entity4


abstract: While most @entity1 @entity0 are prescribed a selective @entity2 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) as an initial treatment, the use of SSRIs as a second or third-line treatment for @entity1 is not as prevalent. This trial assessed the efficacy of @entity3 for @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or @entity0 with a history of @entity4 who responded but later relapsed. Twelve @entity0 with @entity4 who had not responded to a number of antidepressant trials (n=7), or had responded but subsequently suffered a relapse (n=5), were enrolled in an 8-week, open trial of @entity3 . Both a completer analysis (n=6) and an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis (n=12) were performed to evaluate @entity3 response rates. Using a completer analysis, four @entity0 (66.6%) were classified as responders; one (16.7%) as a partial responder and one (16.7%) as a non-responder. An ITT analysis resulted in five (41.7%) @entity0 being classified as responders; one (8.3%) as a partial responder and six (50%) as non-responders. Of the four responders in the completer analysis, three (50%) achieved remission. Of the five responders in the ITT analysis, four (33.3%) achieved remission. Overall, two of seven (28.6%) non-responders and three of five (60.0%) relapsers responded to @entity3 . The present results suggest the potential utility of @entity3 for @entity0 with @entity4 , or those with a history of @entity4 who responded but later relapsed, and warrant larger, placebo-controlled studies to further explore the potential role of @entity3 for such @entity0 .

title: A pilot, open study of @entity3 in outpatients with XXXX ( @entity4 ) or with a history of @entity4 who responded but later relapsed.

answer: @entity4


abstract: While most @entity1 @entity0 are prescribed a selective @entity2 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) as an initial treatment, the use of SSRIs as a second or third-line treatment for @entity1 is not as prevalent. This trial assessed the efficacy of @entity3 for @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or @entity0 with a history of @entity4 who responded but later relapsed. Twelve @entity0 with @entity4 who had not responded to a number of antidepressant trials (n=7), or had responded but subsequently suffered a relapse (n=5), were enrolled in an 8-week, open trial of @entity3 . Both a completer analysis (n=6) and an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis (n=12) were performed to evaluate @entity3 response rates. Using a completer analysis, four @entity0 (66.6%) were classified as responders; one (16.7%) as a partial responder and one (16.7%) as a non-responder. An ITT analysis resulted in five (41.7%) @entity0 being classified as responders; one (8.3%) as a partial responder and six (50%) as non-responders. Of the four responders in the completer analysis, three (50%) achieved remission. Of the five responders in the ITT analysis, four (33.3%) achieved remission. Overall, two of seven (28.6%) non-responders and three of five (60.0%) relapsers responded to @entity3 . The present results suggest the potential utility of @entity3 for @entity0 with @entity4 , or those with a history of @entity4 who responded but later relapsed, and warrant larger, placebo-controlled studies to further explore the potential role of @entity3 for such @entity0 .

title: A pilot, open study of @entity3 in outpatients with @entity4 ( XXXX ) or with a history of @entity4 who responded but later relapsed.

answer: @entity4


abstract: While most @entity1 @entity0 are prescribed a selective @entity2 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) as an initial treatment, the use of SSRIs as a second or third-line treatment for @entity1 is not as prevalent. This trial assessed the efficacy of @entity3 for @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or @entity0 with a history of @entity4 who responded but later relapsed. Twelve @entity0 with @entity4 who had not responded to a number of antidepressant trials (n=7), or had responded but subsequently suffered a relapse (n=5), were enrolled in an 8-week, open trial of @entity3 . Both a completer analysis (n=6) and an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis (n=12) were performed to evaluate @entity3 response rates. Using a completer analysis, four @entity0 (66.6%) were classified as responders; one (16.7%) as a partial responder and one (16.7%) as a non-responder. An ITT analysis resulted in five (41.7%) @entity0 being classified as responders; one (8.3%) as a partial responder and six (50%) as non-responders. Of the four responders in the completer analysis, three (50%) achieved remission. Of the five responders in the ITT analysis, four (33.3%) achieved remission. Overall, two of seven (28.6%) non-responders and three of five (60.0%) relapsers responded to @entity3 . The present results suggest the potential utility of @entity3 for @entity0 with @entity4 , or those with a history of @entity4 who responded but later relapsed, and warrant larger, placebo-controlled studies to further explore the potential role of @entity3 for such @entity0 .

title: A pilot, open study of XXXX in outpatients with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or with a history of @entity4 who responded but later relapsed.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We prospectively evaluated the effects of 12 months thyrotropin suppressive @entity2 ( @entity3 ) therapy in terms of changes in both thyroid nodule size and cytological features and considered whether thyroid nodule size changes actually resulted in (or were the result of) cytological changes. DESIGN AND @entity0 : We studied 142 consecutive @entity0 with benign 'cold' solitary thyroid nodules. For the purposes of the study, we divided our @entity0 into three groups according to their initial cytological nodule classification as follows: group 1, including 88 colloid nodules (CN); group 2, including 30 @entity5 ( @entity5 ); and group 3, including 24 @entity1 ( @entity1 ). MEASUREMENTS: The effects of TSH suppressive @entity3 treatment on both nodule volume and cytological characteristics were evaluated by ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) before and 12 months after the onset of therapy. RESULTS: Twelve months of TSH suppressive @entity3 treatment were effective in shrinking about one-third to one-quarter (31.8% CN, 26.7% @entity5 and 25% @entity1 ) of thyroid nodules, irrespective of their initial cytological characteristics. Similarly, there was no difference in the prevalence of 'non-responders' (increasing nodules) to @entity3 , which accounted for about one-fifth or less (20.5% CN, 13.3% @entity5 and 20.8% @entity1 ) of all nodules. We found also that cytological features changed in 33.8% nodules after 12 months of @entity3 treatment. These changes were most commonly observed in @entity5 and @entity1 and consisted largely ( approximately 80%) of cytological characteristics resembling colloid features, not only in shrinking but also in stable nodules, thus indicating that cytology changes might be the very first indicator of nodule sensitivity to @entity3 therapy even in the continued absence of nodule shrinkage. When nodules were divided into three subgroups according to variations in size (shrinking, stable and increasing nodules), we observed that the distribution of the three cytological types showed a trend towards colloid lesions in shrinking nodules (chi2 3.8, P < 0.005) and towards an augmentation of hypercellular, adenomatous and suspicious characteristics in increasing nodules (chi2 3.6, P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: The frequency of shrinking nodules was not different between colloid, @entity4 and @entity1 . Repeat FNA should be advisable for thyroid nodules which increase in volume despite @entity3 therapy and might also provide useful information about nodule sensitivity to @entity3 treatment for both @entity5 and @entity1 , even where nodule size remains stable.

title: Changes in both size and cytological features of thyroid nodule after XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: An extracellular protease was purified from Pseudomonas thermaerum @entity15 a new strain identified by morphological, biochemical and 16S rDNA sequencing. It was isolated from soil of Poultry waste site at Ghazipur near Ghaziabad, Delhi. The strain produces extra cellular protease in the culture media that was maintained at 37  C, 140 rpm. The media was harvested for protease after 48 hrs of incubation at 37  C in basal media supplemented with 1% casein. We report 6.08 fold purification of enzyme following @entity8 precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be approximately 43,000 daltons as shown by casein zymography studies. The optimum pH for the proteolytic activity was pH 8.0 and enzyme remained stable between pH 5 -11 at 60  C. Interestingly @entity6 (5mM) activated enzyme activity by 5 fold, while @entity13 , @entity2 and @entity0 moderately activated enzyme activity, where as @entity12 , @entity11 and @entity14 inhibited enzyme activity. The protease produced was stable in presence of 50 % (v/v) @entity4 and @entity5 . @entity9 , @entity3 and @entity10 increased protease activity by 2.7, 1.3 and 1.1 fold respectively but was inhibited in presence of @entity1 and @entity7 . This organic solvent-stable protease could be used as a biocatalyst for enzymatic peptide synthesis.

title: Purification of Protease from Pseudomonas thermaerum XXXX Isolated from Poultry Waste Site.

answer: @entity15


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity0 consist of heterogeneous groups that frequently show complex and overlapping morphology, thus making it difficult to make a correct diagnosis. One of the most problematic differential diagnoses is to distinguish @entity1 ( @entity1 ) from @entity2 . These should be distinguished by differences in their behavior and clinical outcome. Our study was performed to identify whether @entity3 and MOC-31 are useful immunohistochemical markers for differentiating chromophobe @entity1 from @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected 23 chromophobe RCCs, 8 @entity2 , and 25 clear cell RCCs and performed immunohistochemical staining for @entity3 and MOC-31. RESULTS: @entity3 was positive in 20 (87%) of 23 chromophobe RCCs, 0 of 8 @entity2 , and 21 (84%) of 25 clear cell RCCs. MOC-31 was positive in 22 (96%) of 23 chromophobe RCCs, 2 (25%) of 8 @entity2 , and 14 (56%) of 25 clear cell RCCs. There was a statistically significant difference in the expression of @entity3 and MOC-31 between chromophobe @entity1 and @entity2 (p<0.001). In addition, clear cell @entity1 was also significantly different from @entity2 in the expression of @entity3 (p<0.001) and was significantly different from chromophobe @entity1 in the expression of MOC-31 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 and MOC-31 can be useful markers in the differential diagnosis of chromophobe @entity1 , @entity2 , and clear cell @entity1 .

title: Diagnostic Utility of @entity3 and MOC-31 in Distinguishing XXXX from Renal Oncocytoma.

answer: @entity1