abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of @entity1 -octapeptide receptor (CCK-R) mRNA, and observe the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on @entity3 mRNA and @entity2 mRNA expression in ECV-304. METHODS: The @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cell line ECV-304 was cultured and treated with LPS in dosage of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 mg/L for 2 hours, or treated with LPS in dosage of 1 mg/L for 0.5, 2, 6, 12 hours. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to examine the expression of @entity3 mRNA and @entity2 mRNA in ECV-304, and to analyse the sequences of the amplification products. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the expression of @entity3 mRNA and @entity2 mRNA was significantly upregulated in a dose-dependence manner after incubated with 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/L LPS for 2 hours (all P<0.05). However, the expression of @entity3 mRNA showed no significant increase,while that of @entity2 mRNA was increased, after being incubated with 0.01 mg/L LPS. The expressions of @entity3 mRNA and @entity2 mRNA in the 10 mg/L LPS group showed no significant difference compared with 1 mg/L LPS group (both P>0.05). The expression of @entity3 mRNA and @entity2 mRNA was significantly upregulated in a time-dependence manner after incubated with 1 mg/L LPS from 0.5 hour to 2 hours compared with control group (all P<0.05). After incubated with 1 mg/L LPS for 6 hours, the expression of @entity3 mRNA and @entity2 mRNA was significantly decreased compared with 2-hour group, but was still higher than that of control group (both P<0.05). Its expression was decreased further after being incubated with 1 mg/L LPS for 12 hours compared with the 6 hours group (both P<0.05), but showed no significant difference compared with the control group (both P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Both @entity3 mRNA and @entity2 mRNA are expressed in ECV-304. LPS can up-regulate the expression of @entity3 mRNA and @entity2 mRNA.

title: [The expression of XXXX -octapeptide receptor in vascular endothelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Hot flashes represent a significant clinical problem for some @entity0 survivors. Safe, effective treatment is needed for this prominent clinical problem. Although it has been shown that @entity3 or @entity4 replacement therapy can alleviate this problem, there are continued safety concerns regarding the use of hormonal therapies in these @entity1 . Based on anecdotal information, we hypothesized that soy-derived phytoestrogens, weak @entity3 -like substances in the @entity5 that demonstrate @entity3 agonist and/or antagonist effects when they bind to @entity3 receptors, could alleviate hot flashes. This current trial was designed to investigate this hypothesis. @entity1 AND METHODS: This double-blind clinical trial involved @entity0 survivors with substantial hot flashes. After randomization, @entity1 underwent a 1-week baseline period with no therapy. This was followed by 4 weeks of either soy tablets or placebo. The @entity1 then crossed over to the opposite arm in a double-blind manner for the last 4 weeks. @entity1 completed a daily questionnaire documenting hot flash frequency, intensity, and perceived side effects. RESULTS: Of the 177 @entity1 who were randomized and started the study substance, 155 (88%) provided useable data over the first 5 weeks; 149 provided usable data over the entire 9 weeks. There was no suggestion that the soy product was more effective in reducing hot flashes than the placebo. At study completion, @entity1 preferred the soy product 33% of the time, the placebo 37% of the time, and neither substance 31% of the time. No @entity2 was observed. CONCLUSION: The soy product did not alleviate hot flashes in @entity0 survivors.

title: Evaluation of soy phytoestrogens for the treatment of hot flashes in XXXX survivors: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5 is the major mode of @entity3 after general thoracic operations. However, @entity5 may develop from two very different mechanisms: @entity4 , often caused by ileus, and @entity1 , which often results from poor @entity2 control. Epidural catheters help control @entity2 and prevent @entity1 but contribute to ileus and may increase @entity4 . We report a decrease in the incidence of @entity4 after changing postoperative care to include gastrointestinal tract management. METHODS: All @entity0 undergoing elective thoracotomy by a single surgeon were evaluated for hospital mortality and morbidity. For the first 21 months, @entity0 did not receive an intraoperative nasogastric tube and were prescribed an "advance as tolerated" diet after the operation (n = 125). For the second period, nasogastric tubes were placed intraoperatively and @entity0 received nothing by mouth the day of operation, clear liquids the first day, and a regular diet the second day (n = 153). @entity1 was considered to have developed if infiltrates developed in a single lobe or two adjoining lobes and culture of the sputa grew a dominant organism. @entity0 were considered to have aspirated if diffuse infiltrates developed or cultures grew multiple organisms. Significance of results was determined by chi(2) testing. RESULTS: A total of 278 @entity0 underwent elective lung resection over a 3(1/2)-year period, 125 with ad libitum dietary management and 153 with intensive management of the gastrointestinal tract. Six @entity0 (4.84%) aspirated before the institution of gastrointestinal tract management, whereas none (0.0%) aspirated after the change. This difference was significant (P =.01). Respiratory mortality was eliminated in the group with gastrointestinal tract management (P =.04). CONCLUSIONS: Aspiration and its subsequent @entity5 and mortality can be decreased with preemptive gastrointestinal tract management.

title: Preemptive gastrointestinal tract management reduces @entity4 and XXXX after thoracic operations.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5 is the major mode of @entity3 after general thoracic operations. However, @entity5 may develop from two very different mechanisms: @entity4 , often caused by ileus, and @entity1 , which often results from poor @entity2 control. Epidural catheters help control @entity2 and prevent @entity1 but contribute to ileus and may increase @entity4 . We report a decrease in the incidence of @entity4 after changing postoperative care to include gastrointestinal tract management. METHODS: All @entity0 undergoing elective thoracotomy by a single surgeon were evaluated for hospital mortality and morbidity. For the first 21 months, @entity0 did not receive an intraoperative nasogastric tube and were prescribed an "advance as tolerated" diet after the operation (n = 125). For the second period, nasogastric tubes were placed intraoperatively and @entity0 received nothing by mouth the day of operation, clear liquids the first day, and a regular diet the second day (n = 153). @entity1 was considered to have developed if infiltrates developed in a single lobe or two adjoining lobes and culture of the sputa grew a dominant organism. @entity0 were considered to have aspirated if diffuse infiltrates developed or cultures grew multiple organisms. Significance of results was determined by chi(2) testing. RESULTS: A total of 278 @entity0 underwent elective lung resection over a 3(1/2)-year period, 125 with ad libitum dietary management and 153 with intensive management of the gastrointestinal tract. Six @entity0 (4.84%) aspirated before the institution of gastrointestinal tract management, whereas none (0.0%) aspirated after the change. This difference was significant (P =.01). Respiratory mortality was eliminated in the group with gastrointestinal tract management (P =.04). CONCLUSIONS: Aspiration and its subsequent @entity5 and mortality can be decreased with preemptive gastrointestinal tract management.

title: Preemptive gastrointestinal tract management reduces XXXX and @entity5 after thoracic operations.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of @entity1 and to examine the effects of breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking habits on dentition in six-year-old @entity0 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out nested into a birth cohort conducted in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 1999. A sample of 359 @entity0 was dentally examined and their mothers interviewed. @entity2 and posterior cross bite were recorded using the Foster _ Hamilton criteria. Information regarding breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking habits was collected at birth, in the first, third, sixth and 12th months of life, and at six years of age. Control variables included maternal schooling and @entity0 's birthweight, cephalic perimeter, and sex. Data were analyzed by Poisson regression. RESULTS: Prevalence of @entity2 was 46.2%, and that of posterior cross bite was 18.2%. Non-nutritive sucking habits between 12 months and four years of age and digital sucking at age six years were the main risk factors for @entity2 . Breastfeeding for less than nine months and regular use of pacifier between age 12 months and four years were risk factors for posterior cross bite. Interaction between duration of breastfeeding and the use of pacifier was identified for posterior cross bite. CONCLUSIONS: Given that breastfeeding is a protective factor for other diseases of infancy, our findings indicate that the common risks approach is the most appropriate for the prevention of posterior cross bite in primary or initial mixed dentition.

title: Effects of breastfeeding and sucking habits on XXXX in a birth cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A simple and sensitive HPLC method has been developed for the determination of @entity5 ( @entity4 ) in plasma. Sample preparations were carried out by adding @entity0 buffer (pH 7.4, 0.1 M), followed by extraction with @entity2 . @entity4 and the internal standard, @entity3 (SAR), were separated on a reversed-phase column, and eluted with aqueous solution- @entity1 (80:20 v/v). The fluorescence of the column effluent was monitored at lambda(ex) = 338 and lambda(em) = 425 nm. The retention times were 2.80 and 4. 40 min for @entity4 and SAR, respectively. The method was shown to be linear from 1 to 1500 ng/mL (r(2) = 0.999). The detection and quantitation limit were 1 and 5 ng/mL, respectively. Mean recovery was determined as 80% by the analysis of plasma standards containing 150, 750 and 1500 ng/mL. Inter- and intra-assay precisions were 4.0% and 2.4%, respectively.

title: Development of a method for the determination of XXXX in plasma by HPLC with fluorescence detection.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In @entity0 beings, inhibitory jaw reflexes can be depressed by @entity1 stimulation of remote parts of the body. Since similar effects can be produced by the stress of anticipating @entity1 , we wished to investigate whether the effects of remote @entity1 stimuli are dependent on stress. EMG recordings were made from a masseter muscle while subjects maintained activity in the muscle at approximately 12.5% of maximum using visual feedback. The protocols involved three sequences: (1) "standard controls" in which reflexes were evoked by electrical test stimuli applied to the upper @entity2 ; (2) "standard conditioning" in which @entity1 electrical conditioning stimuli were applied over the sural nerve 100 ms before the test stimuli; (3) "random sequences" in which test-only and conditioning-test combinations were employed in a double-blind, random, order. Data are presented as means +/- SEMs. In the standard controls, the stimuli evoked clear inhibitory reflexes (latency 37 +/- 1.3 ms, duration 62 +/- 5.6 ms; n = 10) in all the subjects. During standard conditioning, the reflex magnitude was reduced significantly (by 50.0 +/- 8.5%, P = 0.0002, one-sample t-test). When the test-only and conditioning-test responses were extracted from the random sequences, there was also a significant reduction in the reflex magnitude following conditioning (by 34.6 +/- 5.5%, P = 0.0002, one-sample t-test) albeit less so than between the standard sequences (P = 0.03, paired t-test). A second series of experiments suggested that these lesser effects during the random sequences were not substantially due to any loss of temporal summation of the conditioning mechanisms. The evidence for this was that application of pairs of conditioning stimuli did not produce a significantly greater effect than single conditioning stimuli within a random sequence (39.9 +/- 9.6% as opposed to 32.7 +/- 9.1% reductions in the reflex, P = 0.117, paired t-test). Therefore since any stress in the random sequences would not have been "tied" to the conditioned responses alone, the effects of remote @entity1 stimuli on this inhibitory jaw reflex cannot be entirely secondary to stress.

title: Dissociation of nociceptive modulation of a XXXX jaw reflex from the influence of stress.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied the long-term outcomes of @entity5 treated with leukotomy and specialized psychotherapy over 20 years ago. METHOD: All traceable subjects were interviewed using the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE) and the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). They also completed questionnaires. Detailed histories were taken. RESULTS: Four of five female subjects were traced. Their cases had been severe, with failure of previous intensive psychotherapy and now with high risk of death from terminal inanition. One @entity0 had committed suicide, whereas the others enjoyed a reasonable quality of life. Persistent core psychopathology was evident, but @entity0 had not succumbed to weight loss. All suffered @entity2 and @entity1 , but endorsed their treatment, which had allowed sustained @entity4 by release of appetitive behavior, provision of a license to change, and alleviation of @entity1 , allowing psychotherapeutic engagement. DISCUSSION: We argue that these outcomes are relatively favorable and would not have been possible without this latter engagement in specialist psychotherapy to address burgeoning panic at unavoidable @entity4 .

title: Use of leucotomy for XXXX : a long-term follow-up study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous postoperative @entity3 radiochemotherapy in @entity2 @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: From February 2002 to July 2004, n = 65 @entity0 from 11 German centers with macroscopic complete @entity1 resection were randomized to receive either postoperative radiotherapy alone (RT, n = 35) or postoperative radiotherapy with simultaneous @entity3 (RT + @entity4 , n = 30). @entity0 were stratified according to age (< or =/>50 years) and WHO performance score (0-1 vs. 2). RT consisted of 60 Gy in 30 fractions. In the RT + @entity4 arm, oral @entity4 was administered daily at a dose of 75 mg/m(2) including weekends (40-42 doses). Adjuvant treatment was not given, but in both arms, @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 and in good condition (WHO 0-2) were scheduled for salvage chemotherapy with @entity4 . RESULTS: The trial was stopped early due to the results of EORTC-study 26981-22981 that showed a survival benefit for the combination of concomitant and adjuvant @entity4 compared to radiotherapy alone. In total, 62/65 @entity0 were evaluable. Stratification variables were well balanced (< or = 50 years 26% vs. 20%, WHO 0-1 91% vs. 100%). Neither overall survival (median 17 vs. 15 months) nor progression-free survival (median 7 vs. 6 months) differed significantly between the two arms. In the RT (RT + @entity4 ) arm, 76% (62%) of the progressing @entity0 received salvage chemotherapy with @entity4 , 36% (50%) had a second resection. There was a time-constant trend for increased general quality of life (EORTC questionnaire QLQ C30) and brain-specific quality of life (EORTC questionnaire B20) in the combined arm. Lymphopenia G3-4 was more frequent (33 vs. 6%) in the RT + @entity4 arm. CONCLUSION: After early closure of this trial, a benefit for progression-free survival for simultaneous @entity4 radiochemotherapy alone could not be demonstrated. In both arms, salvage therapies were frequently used and probably had a major effect on overall survival.

title: Randomized study of postoperative radiotherapy and simultaneous @entity3 without adjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous postoperative @entity3 radiochemotherapy in @entity2 @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: From February 2002 to July 2004, n = 65 @entity0 from 11 German centers with macroscopic complete @entity1 resection were randomized to receive either postoperative radiotherapy alone (RT, n = 35) or postoperative radiotherapy with simultaneous @entity3 (RT + @entity4 , n = 30). @entity0 were stratified according to age (< or =/>50 years) and WHO performance score (0-1 vs. 2). RT consisted of 60 Gy in 30 fractions. In the RT + @entity4 arm, oral @entity4 was administered daily at a dose of 75 mg/m(2) including weekends (40-42 doses). Adjuvant treatment was not given, but in both arms, @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 and in good condition (WHO 0-2) were scheduled for salvage chemotherapy with @entity4 . RESULTS: The trial was stopped early due to the results of EORTC-study 26981-22981 that showed a survival benefit for the combination of concomitant and adjuvant @entity4 compared to radiotherapy alone. In total, 62/65 @entity0 were evaluable. Stratification variables were well balanced (< or = 50 years 26% vs. 20%, WHO 0-1 91% vs. 100%). Neither overall survival (median 17 vs. 15 months) nor progression-free survival (median 7 vs. 6 months) differed significantly between the two arms. In the RT (RT + @entity4 ) arm, 76% (62%) of the progressing @entity0 received salvage chemotherapy with @entity4 , 36% (50%) had a second resection. There was a time-constant trend for increased general quality of life (EORTC questionnaire QLQ C30) and brain-specific quality of life (EORTC questionnaire B20) in the combined arm. Lymphopenia G3-4 was more frequent (33 vs. 6%) in the RT + @entity4 arm. CONCLUSION: After early closure of this trial, a benefit for progression-free survival for simultaneous @entity4 radiochemotherapy alone could not be demonstrated. In both arms, salvage therapies were frequently used and probably had a major effect on overall survival.

title: Randomized study of postoperative radiotherapy and simultaneous XXXX without adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the structure and the organization of the single Italian programme specifically targeted at the early detection of and interventions for subjects at onset of or at high risk of @entity1 , Programma 2000. METHODS: Programma 2000 is a comprehensive multi-modal protocol of early intervention in @entity1 , set up in Milan in 1999. The service has been very active since its opening, and at the time of writing (spring (April) 2008), more than 300 young @entity0 have been evaluated through a detailed protocol that embraces Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Cognitive Behavioural Assessment 2.0, Disability Assessment Schedule, Camberwell Family Interview, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Early Recognition Inventory Retrospective Assessment of Symptoms. The treatment includes psychoeducation, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), both structured and unstructured psychosocial interventions and pharmacotherapy, when necessary. RESULTS: The programme focuses on young @entity0 aged 17-30 years: to date, a total of 132 subjects with definite @entity1 or within the high-risk category have been enrolled in treatment after assessment. @entity0 with first-episode @entity1 were, on average and expectedly, more severe than those in the at-risk group, and were more likely to be prescribed antipsychotic drugs. A large majority of @entity0 in both groups received tailored CBT; individual sessions of skills training were provided to two-thirds of @entity0 . In both groups, improvement was found in both the BPRS and HoNOS, and in the level of global functioning as assessed on Global Assessment of Functioning at 6 month and 1 year follow up. Global functioning was more sensitive to change than symptom severity, reflecting the intensive and personalized efforts to improve social and role functioning in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Programma 2000 is still in development but it has already gained the support of therapists and other relevant @entity0 involved in the life of subjects at onset, or at high risk of @entity1 .

title: Programma 2000: celebrating 10 years of activity of an Italian pilot programme on early intervention in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) have been used for the treatment of clinically aggressive @entity7 ( @entity7 ). However, the superiority of specific conditioning regimens has not yet been established. The present study evaluated the efficacy and @entity2 of a conditioning regimen involving fractionated @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and the use of @entity9 and melphalan (TAM) for clinically aggressive @entity7 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2002 and December 2004, 31 @entity0 with aggressive @entity7 received fractionated @entity4 with a dose of 12 Gy over 3 days, and were administered 9 g/m(2) @entity9 and 100 mg/m(2) melphalan followed by autologous peripheral blood stem Cell Transplantation at the Catholic Hematopoietic Stem cell transplantation Center Korea. @entity0 that responded to first line chemotherapy and achieved complete remission (CR), or were in a first sensitive relapse were defined as having @entity6 , while the other @entity0 were defined as having more advanced disease. RESULTS: Objective responses were obtained in 24 of 31 @entity0 (77.4%), comprising complete remission in 19 @entity0 (61.3%) and partial remission in 5 (16.1%) @entity0 . The median follow-up time was 28 months (range 1 approximately 62 months). At 3 years, the overall survival and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 62.3% and 47.3%, respectively. @entity0 with @entity6 and more advanced disease showed 3-year EFS rates of 73.3% and 22.5 %, respectively (p=0.006). Early (within the first 100 days) treatment-related mortality occurred in 3 (9.7%) @entity0 . Of the 31 total @entity0 , 15 (48.4%) developed grade 3 @entity1 , 22 (70.9%) developed @entity3 , and two (6.5%) developed @entity5 >grade 3. CONCLUSION: The modified TAM conditioning regimen and ASCT appear to be a feasible treatment regimen for clinically aggressive @entity7 , particularly for @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: Autologous stem cell transplantation using a modified TAM conditioning regimen for clinically aggressive XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is the sole member of C chemokines which attracts T cells and NK cells specially. @entity10 gene was transferred in vivo to improve the antitumor efficacy of @entity7 deaminase (CD) gene therapy. Upregulation of @entity9 and @entity8 on @entity1 CT26 @entity3 cells was observed after combined transfection with adenovirus encoding CD (AdCD) and adenovirus encoding @entity1 @entity10 (AdLtn) followed by administration of @entity6 (5FC) in vitro. AdCD/5FC treatment also increased the expression of @entity4 and induced obvious apoptosis of CT26 cells. After combined treatment with AdLtn and AdCD/5FC, the pre-established @entity1 model with subcutaneous CT26 @entity3 exhibited most significant @entity0 growth inhibition, and four of @entity0 -bearing @entity1 were @entity0 free, while @entity0 in other @entity1 grew more progressively. Examination of lymphocyte infiltration and cytokine gene expression in @entity0 tissue revealed that @entity0 from AdLtn/AdCD/5FC-or AdLtn-treated @entity1 were heavily infiltrated with CD4+, CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and @entity5 and @entity2 mRNA expression were present in parallel with T cell and NK cell infiltration. Splenic NK and CTL activities increased significantly after the combination therapy. In vivo depletion analysis showed that NK cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+T cells participated in the antitumor effect of the host with CD8+T cells being the main T cell subset responsible for the enhanced antitumor immune response. These findings suggested that increased immunogenicity and induction of apoptosis of the @entity0 cells, and efficient induction of local and systemic antitumor immunity of the host might contribute to the enhanced antitumor effects of the combined @entity10 and CD suicide therapy. Gene Therapy (2000) 7, 329-338.

title: Adenovirus-mediated @entity10 gene transfer improves therapeutic efficacy of @entity7 deaminase suicide gene therapy in established @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is the sole member of C chemokines which attracts T cells and NK cells specially. @entity10 gene was transferred in vivo to improve the antitumor efficacy of @entity7 deaminase (CD) gene therapy. Upregulation of @entity9 and @entity8 on @entity1 CT26 @entity3 cells was observed after combined transfection with adenovirus encoding CD (AdCD) and adenovirus encoding @entity1 @entity10 (AdLtn) followed by administration of @entity6 (5FC) in vitro. AdCD/5FC treatment also increased the expression of @entity4 and induced obvious apoptosis of CT26 cells. After combined treatment with AdLtn and AdCD/5FC, the pre-established @entity1 model with subcutaneous CT26 @entity3 exhibited most significant @entity0 growth inhibition, and four of @entity0 -bearing @entity1 were @entity0 free, while @entity0 in other @entity1 grew more progressively. Examination of lymphocyte infiltration and cytokine gene expression in @entity0 tissue revealed that @entity0 from AdLtn/AdCD/5FC-or AdLtn-treated @entity1 were heavily infiltrated with CD4+, CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and @entity5 and @entity2 mRNA expression were present in parallel with T cell and NK cell infiltration. Splenic NK and CTL activities increased significantly after the combination therapy. In vivo depletion analysis showed that NK cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+T cells participated in the antitumor effect of the host with CD8+T cells being the main T cell subset responsible for the enhanced antitumor immune response. These findings suggested that increased immunogenicity and induction of apoptosis of the @entity0 cells, and efficient induction of local and systemic antitumor immunity of the host might contribute to the enhanced antitumor effects of the combined @entity10 and CD suicide therapy. Gene Therapy (2000) 7, 329-338.

title: Adenovirus-mediated @entity10 gene transfer improves therapeutic efficacy of XXXX deaminase suicide gene therapy in established @entity1 @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is the sole member of C chemokines which attracts T cells and NK cells specially. @entity10 gene was transferred in vivo to improve the antitumor efficacy of @entity7 deaminase (CD) gene therapy. Upregulation of @entity9 and @entity8 on @entity1 CT26 @entity3 cells was observed after combined transfection with adenovirus encoding CD (AdCD) and adenovirus encoding @entity1 @entity10 (AdLtn) followed by administration of @entity6 (5FC) in vitro. AdCD/5FC treatment also increased the expression of @entity4 and induced obvious apoptosis of CT26 cells. After combined treatment with AdLtn and AdCD/5FC, the pre-established @entity1 model with subcutaneous CT26 @entity3 exhibited most significant @entity0 growth inhibition, and four of @entity0 -bearing @entity1 were @entity0 free, while @entity0 in other @entity1 grew more progressively. Examination of lymphocyte infiltration and cytokine gene expression in @entity0 tissue revealed that @entity0 from AdLtn/AdCD/5FC-or AdLtn-treated @entity1 were heavily infiltrated with CD4+, CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and @entity5 and @entity2 mRNA expression were present in parallel with T cell and NK cell infiltration. Splenic NK and CTL activities increased significantly after the combination therapy. In vivo depletion analysis showed that NK cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+T cells participated in the antitumor effect of the host with CD8+T cells being the main T cell subset responsible for the enhanced antitumor immune response. These findings suggested that increased immunogenicity and induction of apoptosis of the @entity0 cells, and efficient induction of local and systemic antitumor immunity of the host might contribute to the enhanced antitumor effects of the combined @entity10 and CD suicide therapy. Gene Therapy (2000) 7, 329-338.

title: Adenovirus-mediated XXXX gene transfer improves therapeutic efficacy of @entity7 deaminase suicide gene therapy in established @entity1 @entity3 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is the sole member of C chemokines which attracts T cells and NK cells specially. @entity10 gene was transferred in vivo to improve the antitumor efficacy of @entity7 deaminase (CD) gene therapy. Upregulation of @entity9 and @entity8 on @entity1 CT26 @entity3 cells was observed after combined transfection with adenovirus encoding CD (AdCD) and adenovirus encoding @entity1 @entity10 (AdLtn) followed by administration of @entity6 (5FC) in vitro. AdCD/5FC treatment also increased the expression of @entity4 and induced obvious apoptosis of CT26 cells. After combined treatment with AdLtn and AdCD/5FC, the pre-established @entity1 model with subcutaneous CT26 @entity3 exhibited most significant @entity0 growth inhibition, and four of @entity0 -bearing @entity1 were @entity0 free, while @entity0 in other @entity1 grew more progressively. Examination of lymphocyte infiltration and cytokine gene expression in @entity0 tissue revealed that @entity0 from AdLtn/AdCD/5FC-or AdLtn-treated @entity1 were heavily infiltrated with CD4+, CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and @entity5 and @entity2 mRNA expression were present in parallel with T cell and NK cell infiltration. Splenic NK and CTL activities increased significantly after the combination therapy. In vivo depletion analysis showed that NK cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+T cells participated in the antitumor effect of the host with CD8+T cells being the main T cell subset responsible for the enhanced antitumor immune response. These findings suggested that increased immunogenicity and induction of apoptosis of the @entity0 cells, and efficient induction of local and systemic antitumor immunity of the host might contribute to the enhanced antitumor effects of the combined @entity10 and CD suicide therapy. Gene Therapy (2000) 7, 329-338.

title: Adenovirus-mediated @entity10 gene transfer improves therapeutic efficacy of @entity7 deaminase suicide gene therapy in established XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3 proteases are thought to be important virulence factors in the pathogenesis of @entity7 . This study examined protease production from two strains of @entity3 responsible for two very distinct clinical diseases: strain Paer1, isolated from a @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and strain KEI 1025, isolated from a corneal @entity5 . Strains were compared to a laboratory strain (ATCC 19660) known to produce severe @entity4 in experimentally infected @entity0 for protease production and for ocular virulence. METHODS: Protease production was examined with colorimetric assays, gelatin zymography and western blots. Elastase A activity was quantitated with a staphylolytic assay. Ocular virulence was examined using a @entity0 scratch model of @entity4 . RESULTS: In contrast to strains KEI 1025 or ATCC 19660, Paer1 was unable to produce enzymatically active elastase A, elastase, and protease IV. All three strains produced active alkaline protease. Strains KEI 1025 and ATCC 19660 produced a fulminant @entity4 in @entity0 whereas Paer1 produced a mild transient @entity1 . Restoration of elastase activity in Paer1 via genetic complementation did not result in a virulent phenotype. @entity2 of @entity0 eyes with strains Paer1 and ATCC 19660 resulted in the eventual loss of Paer1 from corneal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: These studies suggest that @entity3 elastase A and/or protease IV, but not alkaline protease or elastase, contribute to the ocular virulence of this organism.

title: A @entity3 isolated from a contact lens-induced acute red eye ( XXXX ) is protease-deficient.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3 proteases are thought to be important virulence factors in the pathogenesis of @entity7 . This study examined protease production from two strains of @entity3 responsible for two very distinct clinical diseases: strain Paer1, isolated from a @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and strain KEI 1025, isolated from a corneal @entity5 . Strains were compared to a laboratory strain (ATCC 19660) known to produce severe @entity4 in experimentally infected @entity0 for protease production and for ocular virulence. METHODS: Protease production was examined with colorimetric assays, gelatin zymography and western blots. Elastase A activity was quantitated with a staphylolytic assay. Ocular virulence was examined using a @entity0 scratch model of @entity4 . RESULTS: In contrast to strains KEI 1025 or ATCC 19660, Paer1 was unable to produce enzymatically active elastase A, elastase, and protease IV. All three strains produced active alkaline protease. Strains KEI 1025 and ATCC 19660 produced a fulminant @entity4 in @entity0 whereas Paer1 produced a mild transient @entity1 . Restoration of elastase activity in Paer1 via genetic complementation did not result in a virulent phenotype. @entity2 of @entity0 eyes with strains Paer1 and ATCC 19660 resulted in the eventual loss of Paer1 from corneal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: These studies suggest that @entity3 elastase A and/or protease IV, but not alkaline protease or elastase, contribute to the ocular virulence of this organism.

title: A XXXX isolated from a contact lens-induced acute red eye ( @entity6 ) is protease-deficient.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study are to validate a mathematical simulation model of the Q3 ATD in an integrated forward-facing booster-type restraint in the rear seat and to evaluate restraint parameters to further develop design guidelines for this type of restraint system for forward-facing @entity0 corresponding to the size of the Q3. Only frontal impact was considered. METHODS: The software MADYMO was used to create and run the model of the restraint system and model of the @entity0 . The restraint system consisted of a seat and a safety belt. The @entity0 dummy model was the Q3. The complete model was validated to sled tests on 12 response signals: displacements of the dummy model, safety belt forces, and dummy model accelerations. The method used in the evaluation of the restraint parameters was a factorial design of experiments (DOE). The study included a total of 9 parameters: 6 related to the safety belt, such as pretensioner, load limiter, and belt anchor positions; two parameters related to the seat (stiffness and pitch angle); and one related to the foot support. The parameters were evaluated based on their effect on a number of dummy model responses. RESULTS: The validation study showed that the mathematical model predicted the ATD's kinematics and measurements. Furthermore, the parameters that had the greatest effect on the dummy model responses were the @entity1 belt angle, the D-ring x and y positions (upper belt anchor), the retractor pretensioner, and the retractor load limiter. The @entity1 belt angle had the greatest effects of all parameters. The resulting head x displacement was 7.8 cm shorter with a @entity1 belt angle of 24 degrees to the horizontal, compared to a 73 degrees to the horizontal belt angle; it also resulted in a reduction of the head resultant acceleration by 9.8 g. CONCLUSIONS: In order to decrease the Q3 ATD head, chest, and pelvis accelerations and to limit the Q3 ATD head displacement, the following practices are recommended: first, position the D-ring rearward of the ATD so that the belt encloses the ATD's shoulder; second, position the @entity1 belt anchors to make the @entity1 belt angle 24 degrees to the horizontal, but make sure submarining is not induced; and finally, use a safety belt with pretensioner and load limiter functions. However, these recommendations need to be balanced with the recommendations for other occupant sizes, and any specific settings have to be evaluated further before introduction into vehicles.

title: XXXX safety in vehicles: validation of a mathematical model and development of restraint system design guidelines for 3-year-olds through mathematical simulations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: During replication of the linear chromosomes, telomeres, i.e. the ends of the chromosomes, are not replicated completely by the conventional DNA polymerases. Therefore, normal somatic cells senesce after certain number of cell divisions. Telomerase is a special reverse transcriptase used by most eukaryotes to achieve immortalization. Telomerase activity has been determined in a variety of @entity1 . However, there are few reports on telomerase activity in @entity2 . The etiology of the disease in India is completely different from Western countries. @entity3 consumption is more prevalent in India and the mode of @entity3 consumption (e.g. chewing, snuffing, bidi smoking, reverse smoking) is also different. The present study determined telomerase activity in 32 @entity1 samples of @entity2 @entity0 , 11 samples from @entity0 with precancerous/benign lesions and 30 samples of adjacent normal tissues. Telomerase was found to be activated in 80% of the @entity0 with @entity2 , 100% of the @entity0 with precancerous/benign lesions and 74% of the adjacent normal tissues. According to the theory of field cancerization, carcinogenic insults (e.g. @entity3 ) may result into multiple malignant foci. This fact may explain the reason for high telomerase positivity in adjacent normal as well as precancerous/benign tissues. Telomerase activation and the clinical or histopathological characteristics of the @entity2 @entity0 were observed to be independent features. This is a preliminary report which has generated a greater interest for in-depth elucidation of the role of telomerase and telomeres in @entity2 in India.

title: Evaluation of telomerase activation in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was induced in @entity0 following a single injection of @entity8 . A transient @entity6 and a 10-fold decrease in glomerular filtration rate was immediately observed after @entity8 administration. Urinary @entity5 and @entity4 excretion were reduced within 24 h and remained decreased for 8 to 10 days. Progressive recovery of normal renal functions, mainly electrolyte excretion and filtration rate was observed 12 days after @entity8 administration. Urinary @entity7 excretion (UKE) was decreased only 48 h after @entity8 administration. However the proportion of the active and inactive form excreted was unchanged. UKE remained also at a reduced level for 8 to 10 days and returned progressively to base-line level. The @entity7 content in the tissue was significantly increased immediately after @entity8 administration and recovered normal values 12 days later. The increase of @entity7 in the tissue is more likely unspecific due to impaired protein transport than a specific stimulation of renal @entity7 biosynthesis. The decreased UKE may indicate a distal tubular reversible dysfunction in this @entity3 model. These reductions in electrolyte excretion, glomerular filtration and UKE were associated with selective morphological lesions. Whereas the glomeruli were intact, important damages affected proximal tubule cells which appeared @entity1 and showed presence of vacuoles, liquefaction of cytoplasmic material and lost of microvilli. @entity2 were however observed in distal tubules, particularly large vacuoles were present at the apical poles of the tubule cells, the sites of @entity7 secretion. These distal damages may be involved in the increase of tissue concentration and in the decrease of UKE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inverse relationship between renal and urinary XXXX during chromate-induced @entity3 in @entity0 : urinary @entity7 excretion as a possible recovery index.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was induced in @entity0 following a single injection of @entity8 . A transient @entity6 and a 10-fold decrease in glomerular filtration rate was immediately observed after @entity8 administration. Urinary @entity5 and @entity4 excretion were reduced within 24 h and remained decreased for 8 to 10 days. Progressive recovery of normal renal functions, mainly electrolyte excretion and filtration rate was observed 12 days after @entity8 administration. Urinary @entity7 excretion (UKE) was decreased only 48 h after @entity8 administration. However the proportion of the active and inactive form excreted was unchanged. UKE remained also at a reduced level for 8 to 10 days and returned progressively to base-line level. The @entity7 content in the tissue was significantly increased immediately after @entity8 administration and recovered normal values 12 days later. The increase of @entity7 in the tissue is more likely unspecific due to impaired protein transport than a specific stimulation of renal @entity7 biosynthesis. The decreased UKE may indicate a distal tubular reversible dysfunction in this @entity3 model. These reductions in electrolyte excretion, glomerular filtration and UKE were associated with selective morphological lesions. Whereas the glomeruli were intact, important damages affected proximal tubule cells which appeared @entity1 and showed presence of vacuoles, liquefaction of cytoplasmic material and lost of microvilli. @entity2 were however observed in distal tubules, particularly large vacuoles were present at the apical poles of the tubule cells, the sites of @entity7 secretion. These distal damages may be involved in the increase of tissue concentration and in the decrease of UKE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inverse relationship between renal and urinary @entity7 during chromate-induced @entity3 in @entity0 : urinary XXXX excretion as a possible recovery index.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was induced in @entity0 following a single injection of @entity8 . A transient @entity6 and a 10-fold decrease in glomerular filtration rate was immediately observed after @entity8 administration. Urinary @entity5 and @entity4 excretion were reduced within 24 h and remained decreased for 8 to 10 days. Progressive recovery of normal renal functions, mainly electrolyte excretion and filtration rate was observed 12 days after @entity8 administration. Urinary @entity7 excretion (UKE) was decreased only 48 h after @entity8 administration. However the proportion of the active and inactive form excreted was unchanged. UKE remained also at a reduced level for 8 to 10 days and returned progressively to base-line level. The @entity7 content in the tissue was significantly increased immediately after @entity8 administration and recovered normal values 12 days later. The increase of @entity7 in the tissue is more likely unspecific due to impaired protein transport than a specific stimulation of renal @entity7 biosynthesis. The decreased UKE may indicate a distal tubular reversible dysfunction in this @entity3 model. These reductions in electrolyte excretion, glomerular filtration and UKE were associated with selective morphological lesions. Whereas the glomeruli were intact, important damages affected proximal tubule cells which appeared @entity1 and showed presence of vacuoles, liquefaction of cytoplasmic material and lost of microvilli. @entity2 were however observed in distal tubules, particularly large vacuoles were present at the apical poles of the tubule cells, the sites of @entity7 secretion. These distal damages may be involved in the increase of tissue concentration and in the decrease of UKE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inverse relationship between renal and urinary @entity7 during chromate-induced XXXX in @entity0 : urinary @entity7 excretion as a possible recovery index.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was induced in @entity0 following a single injection of @entity8 . A transient @entity6 and a 10-fold decrease in glomerular filtration rate was immediately observed after @entity8 administration. Urinary @entity5 and @entity4 excretion were reduced within 24 h and remained decreased for 8 to 10 days. Progressive recovery of normal renal functions, mainly electrolyte excretion and filtration rate was observed 12 days after @entity8 administration. Urinary @entity7 excretion (UKE) was decreased only 48 h after @entity8 administration. However the proportion of the active and inactive form excreted was unchanged. UKE remained also at a reduced level for 8 to 10 days and returned progressively to base-line level. The @entity7 content in the tissue was significantly increased immediately after @entity8 administration and recovered normal values 12 days later. The increase of @entity7 in the tissue is more likely unspecific due to impaired protein transport than a specific stimulation of renal @entity7 biosynthesis. The decreased UKE may indicate a distal tubular reversible dysfunction in this @entity3 model. These reductions in electrolyte excretion, glomerular filtration and UKE were associated with selective morphological lesions. Whereas the glomeruli were intact, important damages affected proximal tubule cells which appeared @entity1 and showed presence of vacuoles, liquefaction of cytoplasmic material and lost of microvilli. @entity2 were however observed in distal tubules, particularly large vacuoles were present at the apical poles of the tubule cells, the sites of @entity7 secretion. These distal damages may be involved in the increase of tissue concentration and in the decrease of UKE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inverse relationship between renal and urinary @entity7 during chromate-induced @entity3 in XXXX : urinary @entity7 excretion as a possible recovery index.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Regulation of the @entity0 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity3 ) gene is the primary determinant for telomerase enzyme activity, which is found in @entity1 cells but is largely absent from normal somatic cells. Recent studies have shown that @entity2 protein can transcriptionally activate the @entity3 gene. However, little is known about the repression mechanism of the @entity3 gene and telomerase enzyme. Here, we developed an expression cloning strategy to identify cDNAs whose products can repress @entity3 promoter activity in telomerase-positive immortal cells. Using this screen, we isolated the @entity4 1 suppressor gene ( @entity5 ). @entity5 can repress @entity3 promoter activity in 293 kidney cells. The @entity5 binding site on the @entity3 promoter was identified by deletional analysis. Alteration of the @entity5 binding site markedly derepresses transcription from an isolated @entity3 promoter by inhibiting interaction of @entity5 with DNA. These specific repression effects of @entity5 were not observed in HeLa cells, which express no endogenous @entity5 . Furthermore, we show that @entity5 can repress the endogenous @entity3 promoter and telomerase enzyme activities. These results suggest that @entity5 may be a transcriptional repressor of the @entity3 gene, at least in some specific cells.

title: The XXXX suppressor gene represses transcription of the @entity0 telomerase reverse transcriptase gene.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Regulation of the @entity0 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity3 ) gene is the primary determinant for telomerase enzyme activity, which is found in @entity1 cells but is largely absent from normal somatic cells. Recent studies have shown that @entity2 protein can transcriptionally activate the @entity3 gene. However, little is known about the repression mechanism of the @entity3 gene and telomerase enzyme. Here, we developed an expression cloning strategy to identify cDNAs whose products can repress @entity3 promoter activity in telomerase-positive immortal cells. Using this screen, we isolated the @entity4 1 suppressor gene ( @entity5 ). @entity5 can repress @entity3 promoter activity in 293 kidney cells. The @entity5 binding site on the @entity3 promoter was identified by deletional analysis. Alteration of the @entity5 binding site markedly derepresses transcription from an isolated @entity3 promoter by inhibiting interaction of @entity5 with DNA. These specific repression effects of @entity5 were not observed in HeLa cells, which express no endogenous @entity5 . Furthermore, we show that @entity5 can repress the endogenous @entity3 promoter and telomerase enzyme activities. These results suggest that @entity5 may be a transcriptional repressor of the @entity3 gene, at least in some specific cells.

title: The @entity1 suppressor gene represses transcription of the XXXX telomerase reverse transcriptase gene.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal autotransplantation is an established therapy in cases of @entity2 , @entity1 of the kidney and @entity2 . It has been a significant technical innovation, aiding the urologist in his great effort to preserve renal function by conserving renal tissue. We report our experience with autotransplantation in 4 @entity0 . The indications, techniques, and results of renal autotransplantation in relation to our own experience are discussed. METHODS: The @entity0 included 3 @entity0 and one @entity0 . The average age of the @entity0 was 35 years old, with a range from 20 to 54 years. One @entity0 had @entity9 , the second had Nutcracker syndrome with @entity7 and @entity6 , the third a complicated long @entity8 , and the fourth @entity0 a renal @entity4 . RESULTS: The average operation time was 7 hours (4.5 to 8.5 hours), and the cold @entity3 time was about 88 minutes (45 to 150 minutes). Three of the autografts resumed normal renal perfusion, and in the fourth @entity0 the renal autograft was lost due to vascular @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Renal autotransplantation is a feasible method for the surgical treatment of @entity2 . To avoid postoperative ureteral sloughing and subsequent urinary fistulas, the ureter can be left intact to preserve the ureter blood supply. However, in the case of a complicated vascular reconstruction procedure, it appears to be appropriate to divide the ureter and have the kidney completely free, thus avoiding back-flow perfusion from the intrinsic and intercommunicating blood supply in the ureteral wall, which may result in vascular @entity5 and subsequent autograft failure.

title: Renal autotransplantation for XXXX and renovascular disorders.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) have a serious impact on @entity0 outcomes in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). METHOD: A prospective cohort-targeted comprehensive surveillance study on NI associated with usage of devices was conducted in three ICUs in Malaysia using a developed NI surveillance form. @entity0 who developed @entity2 outside an ICU were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The device associated NI was 21.1%. The mean duration for development of NI was 10.0 +/- 7.44 days in ICU. The major device-associated @entity2 were @entity1 (18.7%) followed by @entity7 (8.5%) and @entity3 (4.7%) respectively. NI incidence density rate was 20.6 per 1,000 @entity0 -days. @entity7 , @entity3 ( @entity1 ) rates were 8.9, 4.7 and 20.5 per 1,000 @entity0 -days, respectively. Acinetobacter species, Klebseilla pneumoniae, @entity6 and @entity8 -resistant @entity5 were the predominant pathogens isolated from the @entity4 subjects during the study period in the three ICUs. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the rate of the @entity4 associated with usage of devices in the three ICUs showed that it is highly correlated with the use of mechanical ventilation devices, followed by intravascular devices and usage of indwelling urinary catheters.

title: Baseline assessment of intensive care-acquired XXXX surveillancein three adult intensive care units in Malaysia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the possible existence of the so-called <Roux-en-Y syndrome> in a group of 21 @entity0 who underwent surgery to correct postoperative @entity4 . METHODS: the study group consisted of 15 @entity0 and 6 @entity0 (mean age 39.2 years). All had undergone Billroth II subtotal gastrectomy (20 for @entity3 and 1 for @entity2 ). Alkaline diversion was done with the Roux-en-Y technique 50-60 cm away from the gastrojejunal @entity1 . In all @entity0 bilateral truncal vagotomy at the hiatus was also done. No mechanical alterations in the gastrojejunal @entity1 were found during surgery. Mean follow-up period was 8.2 years (range 6.5-10.7 years), during which clinical, radiological and endoscopic studies were obtained. Gammagraphic study of gastric remnant emptying was done on postoperative day 30. RESULTS: none of the @entity0 had clinical, radiological or endoscopic manifestations that indicated the presence of Roux-en-Y syndrome. Gammagraphic studies of gastric remnant emptying did not demonstrate significant differences between preoperative (T1/2: 7.3 min) and postoperative values (T1/2: 10.1 min). CONCLUSIONS: we found no evidence of disturbances in gastric remnant emptying after Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy to treat postoperative alkaline @entity2 .

title: Roux-en-Y syndrome after surgical treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Several studies support the hypothesis that low-dose botulinum toxin treatment may be as beneficial as high-dose regimen. Therefore, we studied 115 @entity0 (aged 27-84; mean 58.0, SD = 12.9 years; 68% females, 32% males) suffering from cervical @entity1 (n = 66), @entity2 (n = 28), and facial hemispasm (n = 21) over a period of 2 years in an open label, non-controlled pilot study. @entity0 received low-dose treatment with botulinum toxin type A (Dysport((R))). The toxin was diluted in 20 ml of 0.1% albumin solution to arrive at a concentration of 25 MU/ml and injected under EMG control. @entity0 responded to the treatment about 1 week after injection (mean 7.3 days, SD = 4.6). The mean duration of beneficial effects was 11.7 weeks (SD = 5.6). @entity0 evaluated the clinical global improvement on a scale ranging from 0 to 4. For the whole population, the mean was 2.7 points (SD = 1.1). In none of the subjects could antibodies to botulinum toxin type A be detected, and only a few side effects were observed. In conclusion, low-dose therapy with botulinum toxin A merits further controlled studies.

title: Low-dose treatment of cervical @entity1 , XXXX and facial hemispasm with albumin-diluted botulinum toxin type A under EMG guidance. An open label study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Several studies support the hypothesis that low-dose botulinum toxin treatment may be as beneficial as high-dose regimen. Therefore, we studied 115 @entity0 (aged 27-84; mean 58.0, SD = 12.9 years; 68% females, 32% males) suffering from cervical @entity1 (n = 66), @entity2 (n = 28), and facial hemispasm (n = 21) over a period of 2 years in an open label, non-controlled pilot study. @entity0 received low-dose treatment with botulinum toxin type A (Dysport((R))). The toxin was diluted in 20 ml of 0.1% albumin solution to arrive at a concentration of 25 MU/ml and injected under EMG control. @entity0 responded to the treatment about 1 week after injection (mean 7.3 days, SD = 4.6). The mean duration of beneficial effects was 11.7 weeks (SD = 5.6). @entity0 evaluated the clinical global improvement on a scale ranging from 0 to 4. For the whole population, the mean was 2.7 points (SD = 1.1). In none of the subjects could antibodies to botulinum toxin type A be detected, and only a few side effects were observed. In conclusion, low-dose therapy with botulinum toxin A merits further controlled studies.

title: Low-dose treatment of cervical XXXX , @entity2 and facial hemispasm with albumin-diluted botulinum toxin type A under EMG guidance. An open label study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The diverse @entity8 of primary Sj  gren syndrome (pSS) have not been systematically investigated, and their prognostic relevance remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective study of 536 consecutive @entity0 followed in our institution to assess the prevalence of @entity8 and their associations with various disease manifestations in pSS. We also aimed to identify risk factors for the development of @entity10 ( @entity10 ) overall and by subtype. @entity3 of @entity1 and @entity15 were the most prevalent @entity8 encountered at diagnosis and during the course of pSS. Univariate analysis between @entity8 and glandular manifestations revealed a statistically significant correlation between @entity12 and @entity6 (p = 0.002), as well as between @entity7 and @entity11 (p = 0.019). @entity3 , @entity12 , @entity5 , @entity15 , the presence of monoclonal serum proteins, and @entity16 correlated significantly with the presence of extraglandular symptoms such as palpable @entity14 , @entity13 , and @entity2 . @entity4 was diagnosed in 7.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4%-10%) of @entity0 . Marginal zone @entity9 (MZBCLs) were the predominant histologic type (65%; 95% CI, 48.3%-79.4%), while diffuse large @entity9 (DLBCLs) accounted for 17.5% (95% CI, 7.3%-32.8%) of all cases. The development of @entity10 in @entity0 with pSS could be predicted by the presence of simple clinical and laboratory factors at diagnosis: @entity7 (p = 0.041), @entity16 (p = 0.008), @entity2 (p = 0.006), @entity13 (p = 0.021), and low C4 levels (p = 0.009). @entity0 carrying any of these factors had a more than 5-fold increased risk of @entity10 compared to @entity0 with no risk factors at all. The above set of disease characteristics could predict subsequent development of MZBCL; the presence of @entity12 (p = 0.044) at diagnosis served as a risk factor for the development of a non-MZBCL, most commonly DLBCL. @entity3 of @entity1 and @entity15 are common @entity8 at diagnosis and during the course of pSS. @entity7 and @entity16 at diagnosis are significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity4 development.

title: Hematologic manifestations and predictors of XXXX development in primary Sj  gren syndrome: clinical and pathophysiologic aspects.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The long-term cardiovascular outcomes of a population-based cohort presenting to the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) with @entity5 and classified with a clinical risk stratification algorithm are not well documented. The Olmsted County Chest @entity2 Study is a community-based study that included all consecutive @entity0 presenting with @entity5 consistent with @entity6 presenting to all EDs in Olmsted County, Minnesota. @entity0 were classified according to the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) criteria. @entity0 with @entity7 elevation @entity4 and @entity5 of noncardiac origin were excluded. Main outcome measures were major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at 30 days and at a median follow-up of 7.3 years, and mortality through a median of 16.6 years.The 2271 @entity0 were classified as follows: 436 (19.2%) as high risk, 1557 (68.6%) as intermediate risk, and 278 (12.2%) as low risk. Thirty-day MACCE occurred in 11.5% in the high-risk group, 6.2% in the intermediate-risk group, and 2.5% in the low-risk group (p < 0.001). At 7.3 years, significantly more MACCE were recorded in the intermediate-risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.33-2.75) and high-risk groups (HR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.67-3.58). Intermediate- and high-risk @entity0 demonstrated a 1.38-fold (95% CI, 0.95-2.01; p = 0.09) and a 1.68-fold (95% CI, 1.13-2.50; p = 0.011) higher mortality, respectively, compared to low-risk @entity0 at 16.6 years. At 7.3 and at 16.6 years of follow-up, biomarkers were not incrementally predictive of @entity1 .In conclusion, a widely applicable rapid clinical algorithm using AHCPR criteria can reliably predict long-term mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. This algorithm, when applied in the @entity3 , affords an excellent opportunity to identify @entity0 who might benefit from a more aggressive @entity1 factor management strategy.

title: Clinical risk stratification in the XXXX predicts long-term cardiovascular outcomes in a population-based cohort presenting with acute @entity5 : primary results of the Olmsted county @entity5 study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The long-term cardiovascular outcomes of a population-based cohort presenting to the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) with @entity5 and classified with a clinical risk stratification algorithm are not well documented. The Olmsted County Chest @entity2 Study is a community-based study that included all consecutive @entity0 presenting with @entity5 consistent with @entity6 presenting to all EDs in Olmsted County, Minnesota. @entity0 were classified according to the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) criteria. @entity0 with @entity7 elevation @entity4 and @entity5 of noncardiac origin were excluded. Main outcome measures were major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at 30 days and at a median follow-up of 7.3 years, and mortality through a median of 16.6 years.The 2271 @entity0 were classified as follows: 436 (19.2%) as high risk, 1557 (68.6%) as intermediate risk, and 278 (12.2%) as low risk. Thirty-day MACCE occurred in 11.5% in the high-risk group, 6.2% in the intermediate-risk group, and 2.5% in the low-risk group (p < 0.001). At 7.3 years, significantly more MACCE were recorded in the intermediate-risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.33-2.75) and high-risk groups (HR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.67-3.58). Intermediate- and high-risk @entity0 demonstrated a 1.38-fold (95% CI, 0.95-2.01; p = 0.09) and a 1.68-fold (95% CI, 1.13-2.50; p = 0.011) higher mortality, respectively, compared to low-risk @entity0 at 16.6 years. At 7.3 and at 16.6 years of follow-up, biomarkers were not incrementally predictive of @entity1 .In conclusion, a widely applicable rapid clinical algorithm using AHCPR criteria can reliably predict long-term mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. This algorithm, when applied in the @entity3 , affords an excellent opportunity to identify @entity0 who might benefit from a more aggressive @entity1 factor management strategy.

title: Clinical risk stratification in the @entity3 predicts long-term cardiovascular outcomes in a population-based cohort presenting with acute XXXX : primary results of the Olmsted county @entity5 study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The long-term cardiovascular outcomes of a population-based cohort presenting to the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) with @entity5 and classified with a clinical risk stratification algorithm are not well documented. The Olmsted County Chest @entity2 Study is a community-based study that included all consecutive @entity0 presenting with @entity5 consistent with @entity6 presenting to all EDs in Olmsted County, Minnesota. @entity0 were classified according to the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) criteria. @entity0 with @entity7 elevation @entity4 and @entity5 of noncardiac origin were excluded. Main outcome measures were major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at 30 days and at a median follow-up of 7.3 years, and mortality through a median of 16.6 years.The 2271 @entity0 were classified as follows: 436 (19.2%) as high risk, 1557 (68.6%) as intermediate risk, and 278 (12.2%) as low risk. Thirty-day MACCE occurred in 11.5% in the high-risk group, 6.2% in the intermediate-risk group, and 2.5% in the low-risk group (p < 0.001). At 7.3 years, significantly more MACCE were recorded in the intermediate-risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.33-2.75) and high-risk groups (HR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.67-3.58). Intermediate- and high-risk @entity0 demonstrated a 1.38-fold (95% CI, 0.95-2.01; p = 0.09) and a 1.68-fold (95% CI, 1.13-2.50; p = 0.011) higher mortality, respectively, compared to low-risk @entity0 at 16.6 years. At 7.3 and at 16.6 years of follow-up, biomarkers were not incrementally predictive of @entity1 .In conclusion, a widely applicable rapid clinical algorithm using AHCPR criteria can reliably predict long-term mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. This algorithm, when applied in the @entity3 , affords an excellent opportunity to identify @entity0 who might benefit from a more aggressive @entity1 factor management strategy.

title: Clinical risk stratification in the @entity3 predicts long-term cardiovascular outcomes in a population-based cohort presenting with acute @entity5 : primary results of the Olmsted county XXXX study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Morphological and functional features of large ovarian follicles from three breeds of @entity2 , with different ovulation rates (Finnish Landrace N = 12, Finnish Landrace X Scottish Blackface N = 16, Merino X Scottish Blackface N = 16) were compared by integrating three techniques; ink labelling, in-vitro @entity0 production and morphological classification. The follicles were removed at two stages of the follicular phase, 1 (PG + 1) or 2 (PG + 2) days after PGF-2 alpha treatment and compared after monitoring their rates of growth with the use of ink labelling. After ovariectomy all follicles greater than or equal to 1 mm in diameter were dissected, and the 8 largest were incubated individually for 2 h to assess their ability to secrete @entity0 and @entity1 . After incubation the follicles were processed for histological examination and checked for @entity3 . An analysis of the follicle population was based on in-vitro @entity0 secretion rates in all three breeds; an @entity4 -active population producing 500-8100 pg @entity0 /ml/h and an @entity4 -inactive population producing 0-499 pg @entity0 /ml/h. A comparison of the 3 approaches demonstrated agreement on 94.3 +/- 1.2% of occasions. Ink-labelling demonstrated that all follicles identified as @entity4 -active were increasing in size. Within @entity4 -active follicles significant correlations were detected between @entity0 production and @entity1 production (r = 0.42), @entity0 production and granulosa cell number (r = 0.45) and between @entity0 production and mitotic index (r = -0.38). A regression model fitting breed, stage of @entity3 , granulosa cell number, in-vitro @entity1 production and mitotic index demonstrated that granulosa cell number is a characteristic which contributes significantly to the variation of in-vitro @entity0 production in @entity4 -active and @entity4 -inactive follicles. There was no significant difference between breeds in the mean number of ink-labelled follicles growing from Day PG - 1 to Day PG + 1. There was a significant difference between the breeds in the number of ink-labelled follicles growing between Days PG + 1 and PG + 2 (Days 1 and 2 of the follicular phase), the number being similar to the ovulation rate for the breed. The majority of the @entity4 -active follicles had been recruited by Day PG - 1, although in the Finnish Landrace genotypes more than 30% were recruited on or after Day PG + 1 compared to less than 10% in Merino x Scottish Blackface ewes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Morphological and functional characterization of large antral follicles in three breeds of XXXX with different ovulation rates.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 34 year-old female was admitted because of @entity2 and @entity7 . Her bone marrow contained abundant blastic cells, which were histochemically positive for peroxidase and @entity14 esterase, but negative for ASD @entity9 esterase. She was diagnosed as @entity13 ( @entity5 , M5a). Complete remission was achieved after the administration of BHAC, @entity10 , @entity11 and @entity3 , and she was discharged after consolidation therapies. But shortly later, she noticed @entity12 and erythematous nodules on her breast and abdomen. Though the examinations of peripheral blood and bone marrow did not show any abnormality, @entity12 rapidly worsened and she complained of @entity6 . X-ray and CT scan demonstrated narrowing of the @entity4 under the cricoid cartilage, and trans-tracheal biopsy revealed @entity8 . In addition, erythematous @entity1 showed the infiltration of leukemic cells by biopsy. Although radiation and chemotherapy was initiated, she died of @entity0 . We tried to discuss the laryngo-tracheal and skin involvement of @entity13 as early symptoms of relapse.

title: [Relapse of XXXX present with skin and tracheal involvement].

answer: @entity13


abstract: We retrospectively analyzed 26 ears of 21 subjects having auditory ossicular @entity1 and who had undergone auditory reconstruction between April 2004 and December 2010 at our clinic. We checked preoperative condition, pathological classification, surgical procedure, and hearing improvement. We could predict pathological conditions precisely from preoperative computed tomography (CT), including incudostapedial disconnection (9/12, 75%) and malleus and/or incus fixation (7/12, 58%), which tended to be present in @entity3 , and stapes footplate fixation (0/12, 0%). We could not, however, predict complex @entity1 (0/8, 0%). Overall success was 90% (18/20) in the 20 ears observed for at least 1 year. In the 2 ears without improved hearing, the first had @entity5 and no stapes superstructure, was treated with type IV tympanoplasty. The second had malleus, incus, and stapes fixation and discontinuity between the incus and stapes, and was treated with @entity0 and stapes mobilization. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult in mixed @entity2 , especially stapes footplate fixation, possibly requiring unexpected procedures, with a poor hearing outcome. Preoperative status must thus be evaluated precisely using hearing, tympanometry, acoustic reflex test, and CT. Temporal bone CT and external ear findings are useful in diagnosing @entity4 . Subjects' informed consent should also be obtained due to the possible need for changing procedure based on findings during surgery.

title: [Preoperative diagnosis and surgical strategy in XXXX of 26 ears].

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Pericytes, which are contractile cells located on the outer wall of microvessels, are thought to be particularly important in the retina where the ratio of these cells to vascular endothelial cells is the highest of any tissue. Retinal pericytes are of interest since they may regulate capillary blood flow and because their selective loss is an early event in @entity0 , which is a common sight-threatening disorder associated with dysfunction of the blood- @entity6 barrier. 2. Although a breakdown in the vascular endothelial barrier is a frequent pathophysiological event, knowledge of the effects of blood-derived molecules on pericyte function is limited. Based on the premise that ion channels play a vital role in cellular function, we examined the effect of serum on the ionic currents of retinal pericytes. To do this, we used the perforated-patch configuration of the patch-clamp technique to monitor the whole-cell currents of pericytes located on freshly isolated @entity1 retinal microvessels. 3. Exposure to serum reversibly activated inward and outward currents in virtually all of the sampled retinal pericytes. Two types of sustained conductances were induced by serum. These were a @entity2 -permeable non-specific cation (NSC) current and a voltage-dependent @entity3 current. In addition, exposure to serum increased the activity of @entity5 channels which caused transient depolarizing currents. 4. Associated with the activation of these conductances, the membrane potential showed a sustained decrease of 10 +/- 2 mV from -56 mV to -46 mV and, also, transient depolarizations to near -30 mV. The serum-induced depolarizations can activate the voltage-gated @entity2 channels expressed by the retinal pericytes. 5. @entity2 -permeable NSC channels appear to play a critical role in the response of pericytes to serum-derived molecules. Consistent with this, activation of the @entity5 and @entity3 channels was sensitive to SK_F 96365, which is a blocker of NSC channels. In addition, @entity5 and @entity3 channel activation was dependent on extracellular @entity2 . 6. The effects of serum on the activity of channels in retinal pericytes were qualitatively mimicked by @entity4 ( @entity4 ), which is a normal constituent of the blood. 7. There are significant differences in the effects of serum on retinal pericytes compared with vascular smooth muscle cells. Serum activated sustained conductances in retinal pericytes but not in the vascular smooth muscle cells. This suggests a fundamental difference in the mechanisms by which serum-derived molecules affect these two types of cells. 8. We conclude that serum-derived molecules, such as @entity4 , can activate several types of ion channels in retinal pericytes. These changes in channel activity are likely to influence pericyte function at sites of a breakdown in the blood-retinal barrier.

title: Physiology of XXXX retinal pericytes: modulation of ion channel activity by serum-derived molecules.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 59-year-old @entity0 with a history of @entity5 developed general @entity1 and exertional @entity12 . An electrocardiogram showed first-degree @entity7 with complete @entity8 . Chest X-ray showed @entity11 . Echocardiography showed diffuse and severe hypokinesis of the left ventricle (LV) and @entity11 with severe @entity10 . @entity3 disclosed a perfusion defect at the ventricular septum and hypoperfusion at the posterior wall and the apex. On cardiac catheterization, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, right ventricular, and right atrial pressures were elevated. Coronary angiograms were normal. Myocardial biopsy of the right ventricle histologically revealed epithelioid cell @entity9 with infiltration of fibrous cells. The @entity0 's symptom and LV function were improved with conventional medical therapy for @entity6 . This is a rare case of @entity4 resulting in @entity2 .

title: XXXX culminating in severe @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 59-year-old @entity0 with a history of @entity5 developed general @entity1 and exertional @entity12 . An electrocardiogram showed first-degree @entity7 with complete @entity8 . Chest X-ray showed @entity11 . Echocardiography showed diffuse and severe hypokinesis of the left ventricle (LV) and @entity11 with severe @entity10 . @entity3 disclosed a perfusion defect at the ventricular septum and hypoperfusion at the posterior wall and the apex. On cardiac catheterization, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, right ventricular, and right atrial pressures were elevated. Coronary angiograms were normal. Myocardial biopsy of the right ventricle histologically revealed epithelioid cell @entity9 with infiltration of fibrous cells. The @entity0 's symptom and LV function were improved with conventional medical therapy for @entity6 . This is a rare case of @entity4 resulting in @entity2 .

title: @entity4 culminating in severe XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is not a @entity3 in itself, the lesion progressively enlarges with mass effects and diffuse @entity2 in a way that resembles @entity3 . To identify the @entity5 that mimics progression of brain @entity1 , we performed surgical resections of symptomatic @entity8 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2003 to December 2005, 7 @entity0 received stereotactic-guided radiotherapy (SRT) for metastatic @entity10 , and they later underwent craniotomy and @entity3 resection due to the progressive mass effects and the @entity2 that caused focal @entity7 . On MR imaging, a ring-like enhanced single lesion with massive @entity2 could not be distinguished from progression of brain @entity1 . RESULTS: Four @entity0 had @entity9 , 2 @entity0 had @entity4 and 1 @entity0 had @entity11 . The mean @entity3 volume was 8.7 ml (range: 3.0 approximately 20.7 ml). The prescribed dose of SRT was 30 Gy with 4 fractions for one @entity0 , 18 Gy for two @entity0 and 20 Gy for the other four @entity0 . The four @entity0 who received SRT with a dose of 20 Gy had @entity5 with or without microscopic @entity6 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of recurrent disease after radiotherapy and identifying radiation-induced @entity12 are important for delivering adequate treatment. Therefore, specific diagnostic tools that can distinguish @entity5 from progression of metastatic @entity10 need to be developed.

title: Radiation-induced @entity5 deteriorating neurological symptoms and mimicking progression of brain XXXX after stereotactic-guided radiotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is not a @entity3 in itself, the lesion progressively enlarges with mass effects and diffuse @entity2 in a way that resembles @entity3 . To identify the @entity5 that mimics progression of brain @entity1 , we performed surgical resections of symptomatic @entity8 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2003 to December 2005, 7 @entity0 received stereotactic-guided radiotherapy (SRT) for metastatic @entity10 , and they later underwent craniotomy and @entity3 resection due to the progressive mass effects and the @entity2 that caused focal @entity7 . On MR imaging, a ring-like enhanced single lesion with massive @entity2 could not be distinguished from progression of brain @entity1 . RESULTS: Four @entity0 had @entity9 , 2 @entity0 had @entity4 and 1 @entity0 had @entity11 . The mean @entity3 volume was 8.7 ml (range: 3.0 approximately 20.7 ml). The prescribed dose of SRT was 30 Gy with 4 fractions for one @entity0 , 18 Gy for two @entity0 and 20 Gy for the other four @entity0 . The four @entity0 who received SRT with a dose of 20 Gy had @entity5 with or without microscopic @entity6 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of recurrent disease after radiotherapy and identifying radiation-induced @entity12 are important for delivering adequate treatment. Therefore, specific diagnostic tools that can distinguish @entity5 from progression of metastatic @entity10 need to be developed.

title: Radiation-induced XXXX deteriorating neurological symptoms and mimicking progression of brain @entity1 after stereotactic-guided radiotherapy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the results of external beam radiotherapy treatment for incompletely resected nonmetastatic rectosigmoid and @entity3 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective review was carried out of all @entity0 (57) presenting to Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute from 1981 to 1990 with incompletely resected nonmetastatic rectosigmoid or @entity1 who were treated with external beam radiotherapy. Three radiotherapy schedules were used: radical (50 to 60 Gy, 27 @entity0 ), high-dose palliative (45 Gy, 25 @entity0 ), and low-dose palliative (less than 45 Gy, 5 @entity0 ). Symptomatic response, overall survival, and the effect of prognostic factors on treatment outcome were evaluated. The median follow-up period for survivors was 49 months. RESULTS: Symptomatic response rates were 83% and 79% for the radical and high-dose palliative groups respectively. The estimated median survival time from presentation for all @entity0 was 16.4 months (radical 26.1 months, high-dose palliative 15.7 months). @entity0 with microscopic @entity2 survived significantly longer than @entity0 with macroscopic @entity2 (estimated median survival time 30.7 months vs. 14.3 months, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: No dose response effect was seen between the radical group and high-dose palliative group. Microscopic @entity2 at presentation was the only significant predictor of better survival. The conventionally fractionated course of 50 to 60 Gy was not significantly better in terms of palliation and overall survival than a shorter palliative course of 45 Gy. In future, preoperative chemoradiation should improve outcome by reducing the number of @entity0 with incompletely resected @entity1 .

title: Results of external beam radiotherapy alone for incompletely resected XXXX of rectosigmoid or rectum: Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute experience 1981-1990.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Understanding enzyme responses to contamination with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a key step in the elucidation of POP metabolic mechanisms in plants. However, there is little information available on enzyme activity in subcellular fractions of POP-contaminated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the activities of @entity2 oxidase (PPO) in cell fractions of plants under contamination stress from @entity0 ( @entity1 ) using a greenhouse batch technique. Three parameters, E(cell), E(cell-n), and P(cell), denoting the amount of PPO activity, cell fraction content-normalized PPO activity, and proportion of PPO activity in each cell fraction, respectively, were used in this study. Contamination with @entity3 , as a representative PAH, at a relatively high level (>0.23 mg L     ) in culture solution generally stimulated PPO activity in @entity4 ( @entity4 .) roots and shoots and their cellular fractions. The amount and distribution proportion of PPO activity in each cell fraction of @entity3 -contaminated roots and shoots were (in descending order): cell solution > > cell wall > cell organelles. Cell solution was the dominant storage domain of PPO activity and contributed 84.0 and 82.8% of PPO activity in roots and shoots, respectively. The cell wall had the highest density of PPO activity in roots and shoots, based on the highest cell fraction content normalized PPO activity in this cell fraction. Our results provide new information on enzyme responses in plant intracellular fractions to xenobiotic POPs and fundamental information on within-plant POP metabolic mechanisms.

title: XXXX oxidase activity in subcellular fractions of @entity4 contaminated by @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Understanding enzyme responses to contamination with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a key step in the elucidation of POP metabolic mechanisms in plants. However, there is little information available on enzyme activity in subcellular fractions of POP-contaminated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the activities of @entity2 oxidase (PPO) in cell fractions of plants under contamination stress from @entity0 ( @entity1 ) using a greenhouse batch technique. Three parameters, E(cell), E(cell-n), and P(cell), denoting the amount of PPO activity, cell fraction content-normalized PPO activity, and proportion of PPO activity in each cell fraction, respectively, were used in this study. Contamination with @entity3 , as a representative PAH, at a relatively high level (>0.23 mg L     ) in culture solution generally stimulated PPO activity in @entity4 ( @entity4 .) roots and shoots and their cellular fractions. The amount and distribution proportion of PPO activity in each cell fraction of @entity3 -contaminated roots and shoots were (in descending order): cell solution > > cell wall > cell organelles. Cell solution was the dominant storage domain of PPO activity and contributed 84.0 and 82.8% of PPO activity in roots and shoots, respectively. The cell wall had the highest density of PPO activity in roots and shoots, based on the highest cell fraction content normalized PPO activity in this cell fraction. Our results provide new information on enzyme responses in plant intracellular fractions to xenobiotic POPs and fundamental information on within-plant POP metabolic mechanisms.

title: @entity2 oxidase activity in subcellular fractions of @entity4 contaminated by XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Understanding enzyme responses to contamination with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a key step in the elucidation of POP metabolic mechanisms in plants. However, there is little information available on enzyme activity in subcellular fractions of POP-contaminated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the activities of @entity2 oxidase (PPO) in cell fractions of plants under contamination stress from @entity0 ( @entity1 ) using a greenhouse batch technique. Three parameters, E(cell), E(cell-n), and P(cell), denoting the amount of PPO activity, cell fraction content-normalized PPO activity, and proportion of PPO activity in each cell fraction, respectively, were used in this study. Contamination with @entity3 , as a representative PAH, at a relatively high level (>0.23 mg L     ) in culture solution generally stimulated PPO activity in @entity4 ( @entity4 .) roots and shoots and their cellular fractions. The amount and distribution proportion of PPO activity in each cell fraction of @entity3 -contaminated roots and shoots were (in descending order): cell solution > > cell wall > cell organelles. Cell solution was the dominant storage domain of PPO activity and contributed 84.0 and 82.8% of PPO activity in roots and shoots, respectively. The cell wall had the highest density of PPO activity in roots and shoots, based on the highest cell fraction content normalized PPO activity in this cell fraction. Our results provide new information on enzyme responses in plant intracellular fractions to xenobiotic POPs and fundamental information on within-plant POP metabolic mechanisms.

title: @entity2 oxidase activity in subcellular fractions of XXXX contaminated by @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A snake venom-derived alpha-neurotoxin, alpha-bungarotoxin (alphaBgtx), is the classic competitive antagonist of nicotinic @entity2 receptors (nAChRs). The very high specificity and essentially irreversible binding of alphaBgtx to various nAChRs make alphaBgtx the prime candidate for studying the molecular determinants of specificity for nAChR-ligand interactions. To facilitate site-directed mutagenesis of alphaBgtx for functional analysis, we have developed a recombinant expression system for alphaBgtx using the methylotropic @entity0 @entity5 . A synthetic gene coding for alphaBgtx was subcloned into an expression vector that directs secretion of the recombinant alphaBgtx (rBgtx) when stably integrated into the @entity0 genome. Expression of rBgtx was induced by growth of @entity0 cultures with @entity3 as the sole @entity1 source. The activity of the rBgtx in the cell-free medium was measured by competition with 1251-Bgtx for binding to Torpedo nAChR-enriched membranes. The rBgtx, purified to homogeneity by standard HPLC, has the correct predicted @entity4 terminal sequence and molecular mass. Its circular dichroism spectrum is very similar to that of authentic venom-derived alphaBgtx, and the biological activity of the rBgtx is identical to that of authentic alphaBgtx. We have used the Pichia expression system to study a double point mutation of alphaBgtx, rBgtx- @entity6 / @entity7 , that has a high affinity for alpha3beta2 neuronal nAChRs. This is the first demonstration of engineering an alpha-neurotoxin to recognize non-alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptors.

title: Recombinant expression of alpha-bungarotoxin in @entity5 facilitates identification of mutant toxins engineered to recognize neuronal nicotinic XXXX receptors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A snake venom-derived alpha-neurotoxin, alpha-bungarotoxin (alphaBgtx), is the classic competitive antagonist of nicotinic @entity2 receptors (nAChRs). The very high specificity and essentially irreversible binding of alphaBgtx to various nAChRs make alphaBgtx the prime candidate for studying the molecular determinants of specificity for nAChR-ligand interactions. To facilitate site-directed mutagenesis of alphaBgtx for functional analysis, we have developed a recombinant expression system for alphaBgtx using the methylotropic @entity0 @entity5 . A synthetic gene coding for alphaBgtx was subcloned into an expression vector that directs secretion of the recombinant alphaBgtx (rBgtx) when stably integrated into the @entity0 genome. Expression of rBgtx was induced by growth of @entity0 cultures with @entity3 as the sole @entity1 source. The activity of the rBgtx in the cell-free medium was measured by competition with 1251-Bgtx for binding to Torpedo nAChR-enriched membranes. The rBgtx, purified to homogeneity by standard HPLC, has the correct predicted @entity4 terminal sequence and molecular mass. Its circular dichroism spectrum is very similar to that of authentic venom-derived alphaBgtx, and the biological activity of the rBgtx is identical to that of authentic alphaBgtx. We have used the Pichia expression system to study a double point mutation of alphaBgtx, rBgtx- @entity6 / @entity7 , that has a high affinity for alpha3beta2 neuronal nAChRs. This is the first demonstration of engineering an alpha-neurotoxin to recognize non-alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptors.

title: Recombinant expression of alpha-bungarotoxin in XXXX facilitates identification of mutant toxins engineered to recognize neuronal nicotinic @entity2 receptors.

answer: @entity5


abstract: This paper reviews the influence of several perturbations (physical exercise, heat stress, terrestrial altitude, microgravity, and @entity3 /sickness) on adaptations of blood volume (BV), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Exercise training can induce BV expansion: @entity8 expansion usually occurs immediately, but @entity6 expansion takes weeks. @entity6 and @entity8 expansion contribute to aerobic power improvements associated with exercise training. Repeated heat exposure induces @entity8 expansion but does not alter @entity6 . @entity8 expansion does not improve thermoregulation, but @entity6 expansion improves thermoregulation during exercise in the heat. @entity7 (and increases plasma tonicity) which elevates heat strain and reduces exercise performance. High altitude exposure causes rapid (hours) plasma loss. During initial weeks at altitude, @entity6 is unaffected, but a gradual expansion occurs with extended acclimatization. BV adjustments contribute, but are not key, to altitude acclimatization. Microgravity decreases @entity8 and @entity6 which contribute to orthostatic intolerance and decreased exercise capacity in astronauts. @entity8 decreases may result from lower set points for total body water and central venous pressure, while @entity6 decreases may result from increased erythrocyte destruction. @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity2 cause @entity4 from @entity5 and immune activation which suppresses erythropoiesis. The re-establishment of @entity6 is associated with healing, improved life quality, and exercise capabilities for these injured/sick @entity0 .

title: Blood volume: importance and adaptations to exercise training, environmental stresses, and XXXX /sickness.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hair removal by lasers has recently become a popular method to remove unwanted hair. However, histologic changes in @entity0 skin before and after exposure to lasers have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to clarify the differences that occur immediately after laser exposure and 1 month after laser exposure. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight adult Japanese volunteers were recruited for this study. They were treated with a long pulsed ruby laser at 20 J/cm(2). A single 3-mm punch biopsy of the laser-treated sites was obtained immediately after laser irradiation and at the 1-month follow-up visit, and they were analyzed using @entity3 and @entity4 , PAM, and immunohistological staining. RESULTS: Immediately after laser exposure, hair follicles were very damaged and had extensive @entity1 . One month after laser therapy, one type of hair follicle showed cystlike formations with negative proliferating cell nuclear antigen reactions ( @entity2 ). Another type of hair follicle showed follicular mitotic figures with cytoplasmic halos. Early anagen hair follicles were apparently not treated effectively by ruby laser. CONCLUSION: Ruby laser leads to extensive follicular damage, and hair follicles considered to be at early anagen phase were not effectively treated. This may be the reason several courses of laser therapy are required to obtain satisfactory results.

title: Histologic effects of ruby laser hair removal in Japanese XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of @entity0 with out-of-hospital @entity2 with @entity4 as the presenting rhythm in an emergency medical services system utilizing a combined police/paramedic response to provide @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Police and paramedics were dispatched from law enforcement and ambulance communications centers, respectively. First-arriving personnel delivered initial shocks, all using automated external defibrillators. @entity0 were classified according to response to initial shocks: restoration of pulses with shocks only or in need of advanced life support, including @entity3 . Discharge survival was defined as return to home without disabling @entity1 . RESULTS: Over the 7-year period of study 131 @entity0 presented with @entity4 : 58 were first treated by police and 73 by paramedics. Restoration of pulses with shocks only and discharge survival were not different in police and paramedic groups, with overall survival of 40% (53 of 131 @entity0 ). Among the survivors, 19% (18/95 @entity0 ) obtained a spontaneous circulation only after administration of @entity3 and other @entity5 interventions. CONCLUSION: Both restoration of a functional circulation, without need for advanced life support interventions, and discharge survival without @entity1 are very dependent upon the rapidity with which defibrillation is accomplished, regardless of who delivers the shocks. In addition, a smaller but significant number of @entity0 who require @entity5 interventions, including @entity3 , for restoration of a spontaneous circulation survive to discharge. Short time differences, on the order of 1 min, are significant determinants of both immediate response to shocks and discharge survival.

title: Seven years' experience with XXXX by police and paramedics in an emergency medical services system.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Operative therapy of @entity5 of the calcaneus is an established surgical standard. The aim is an accurate reduction of the @entity2 with reconstruction of Boehler's angle, length, @entity3 and subtalar joint surface. Intraoperative 3D-fluoroscopy with the Siremobil Iso-C 3D(R) mobile C-arm system is a valuable assistant for accurate reconstruction of these anatomical structures. Remaining incongruities can be recognized and corrected intraoperatively. The achieved reduction can be fixed by the advantages of an internal fixator (locked-screw plate interface). In the period of October 2002 until April 2007 we operated 136 @entity0 with @entity5 of the calcaneus by means of anatomical reduction, and internal plate fixator under intraoperative control of 3D-fluoroscopy. All @entity0 were supplied with an orthesis after the operation which allowed weight bearing of 10 kg for 12 weeks for the @entity0 operated between October 2002 and October 2004 (Group A). Transient @entity1 was observed in all X-Rays at follow-up after an average of 8,6 months. Therefore we changed our postoperative treatment plan for the @entity0 operated between November 2004 and April 2007 (Group B). Weight bearing started with 20 KG after 6 weeks, was increased to 40 KG after 8 weeks and full weight bearing was allowed after 10 weeks for these @entity0 . In no case a secondary dislocation of the @entity2 was seen. No bone graft was used. At follow up the average American Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS) were 81 for Group_A, compared to 84 for Group B, treated with earlier weight bearing. Autologous bone graft was not necessary even if weight bearing was started after a period of six weeks postoperatively. The combination of 3D-fluoroscopy with locked internal fixation showed promising results. If the rate of @entity0 developing @entity4 will decrease by this management will have to be shown in long term follow up.

title: Early Weight Bearing of Calcaneal XXXX Treated by Intraoperative 3D-Fluoroscopy and Locked-Screw Plate Fixation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Quantitatively define and compare the nanoscale topography of the corneal epithelial basement membrane (anterior basement membrane) and Descemet's membrane (posterior basement membrane) of the @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 corneas not suitable for transplantation were obtained from the Wisconsin Eye Bank. The corneas were placed in 2.5 mM @entity3 for 2.5 h or 30 min. for removal of the epithelium or endothelium, respectively. After removal of the overlying cells, specimens were fixed in 2% @entity4 and either examined in this state by atomic force microscopy only or dehydrated through an @entity2 series and prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). RESULTS: The subepithelial and subendothelial basement membrane surfaces have a similar appearance that consists of an interwoven meshwork of fibers and pores. Topographic feature sizes were found to be in the nanometer size range with the epithelial basement membrane features larger and less densely packed than Descemet's membrane features. The topographic features are fractile in nature and increase surface area for cell contact. CONCLUSION: With the use of the TEM, @entity5 , and AFM, a detailed description of the surface topography of corneal epithelial basement membrane and Descemet's membrane of the @entity0 @entity1 are provided. The significance of differences in corneal basement membrane topography may reflect differences in function of the overlying cells or may be related to differences in cell migration and turnover patterns between the epithelium and endothelium.

title: Nanoscale topography of the corneal epithelial basement membrane and Descemet's membrane of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0