abstract: The development of the @entity0 inner ear involves a complex series of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. These interactions are likely to be mediated by families of adhesion molecules, including the integrins. We have studied the expression of three integrin subunits known to be expressed on epithelia in a number of tissues (namely, @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity3 ) during the development of the @entity1 inner ear. At E10.5, both @entity6 were expressed in the epithelial layers of the otocyst. The expression of @entity5 was concentrated in an anterioventral region of the epithelium and in a proportion of the cells forming the cochlear-vestibular and @entity2 . By E12.5, @entity5 showed a more restricted expression, confined mainly to the pro-sensory epithelia and the neural processes from the cochlear-vestibular ganglion. In contrast, @entity4 was expressed in epithelia adjacent to the pro-sensory areas. This reciprocal expression pattern was maintained until birth. Between birth and P6, a switch in expression occurred such that @entity4 was upregulated and @entity5 was downregulated in the sensory epithelia of both the auditory and vestibular systems. At this stage, @entity4 was expressed in all the epithelia lining the scala media, thus defining the endolymph compartment. The expression of @entity3 was restricted to epithelial/mesenchymal borders throughout the developmental stages studied, suggesting that @entity5 expression observed within the epithelium and neuronal tissue was alpha6beta1. The early expression and changing pattern of @entity4 and @entity5 integrins during development of the @entity0 inner ear suggests that they may be involved in the molecular processes that define epithelial boundaries and guide sensory innervation.

title: Differential expression of @entity6 integrins in the developing XXXX inner ear.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is the most important factor concerning quality of life and survival rate in the approximately 250 @entity0 with @entity2 in Norway. Pulmonary high-resolution CT has been advocated as a precise diagnostic method, that offers the opportunity to detect slight disease progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 21 @entity0 (age 6-34) with high-resolution CT. The findings were scored using a modified Bhalla method, where score 0 is normal and score 27 reflects a maximal degree of e.g. @entity3 and mucous plugging. RESULTS: Mean high-resolution CT score was 8.0 (range 0-22). @entity3 was found in 17 out of 21 @entity0 , peribronchial wall thickening in 15 @entity0 and mucous plugging in 14 @entity0 . The Bhalla score showed a close correlation with forced expiratory volume in one second (r = -0.844, p < 0.01). INTERPRETATION: High-resolution CT characterises very well the lung pathology in @entity0 with @entity2 . The degree of pathology assessed with a modified Bhalla score correlates well with forced expiratory volume in one second.

title: [High-resolution computer tomography in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: (Full text is available at http://www.manu.edu.mk/prilozi). INTRODUCTION: "Triple" negative @entity0 is a subgroup of so-called basal-like @entity0 . They are represented with 15% of all @entity0 , characterized with lack of @entity6 as well as with negative expression of @entity4 test. These @entity2 are more frequent in Afro-Americans and Latin-Americans, in @entity1 with @entity7 mutations and in @entity1 with recent delivery. The aim of this study is to present the immunohistochemical and clinico-pathological characteristics of the @entity0 and their correlation with expression of the protein product of the @entity2 suppressor gene @entity3 . METHODS: A retrospective analyses of 24 @entity1 with @entity0 was performed. All of the @entity1 were evaluated in the Histopathological Laboratory of the Clinical Hospital Sistina, during the period from June 2009, until June 2011. The standard immunohistochemical procedures, including the @entity6 status, @entity4 status, proliferative index - Ki67 and @entity3 gene protein product were performed, as well as additional immunohistochemical staining for so-called basal keratins ( @entity5 and high molecular weight cytokeratin 34BE12). RESULTS: The age of the @entity1 ranged from 29-77 years. Positive lymph nodes were found in 14 (59%) @entity1 . The @entity2 was poorly differentiated in 19 @entity1 (79%). Overexpression of the @entity3 protein product was evaluated in 19 (79%) of the cases. All @entity3 negative @entity1 (5/5) had poorly differentiated @entity2 (G3), associated with positive regional lymph nodes. The @entity3 positive group expressed quite opposite correlation, only 9/19 (47%) were with positive lymph nodes (p = 0.03). The expression of @entity3 protein product was also associated with the nuclear grade (p = 0.005), the mitotic index (p = 0.001), lymph-vascular invasion (p = 0.005) and with the proliferation index Ki67 (p = 0.003). There was a trend for association with the @entity2 size - pT (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: According to the results, the triple negative @entity0 are subgroup of the poorly differentiated @entity2 frequently associated in the younger age groups. The majority of these have overexpression of the @entity3 protein product, which in other hand, are inversely correlated with lymph nodes metastases. Hence, the necessity of enriching the immunohistochemical protocol of these @entity1 with new antibodies, in order to evaluate their expression, which would be helpful for prediction the outcome of different therapeutical modalities. Key words: @entity0 , triple negative, @entity3 protein product.

title: Expression of XXXX protein product in triple negative @entity0 and relation with clinical and histopathological parameters.

answer: @entity3


abstract: (Full text is available at http://www.manu.edu.mk/prilozi). INTRODUCTION: "Triple" negative @entity0 is a subgroup of so-called basal-like @entity0 . They are represented with 15% of all @entity0 , characterized with lack of @entity6 as well as with negative expression of @entity4 test. These @entity2 are more frequent in Afro-Americans and Latin-Americans, in @entity1 with @entity7 mutations and in @entity1 with recent delivery. The aim of this study is to present the immunohistochemical and clinico-pathological characteristics of the @entity0 and their correlation with expression of the protein product of the @entity2 suppressor gene @entity3 . METHODS: A retrospective analyses of 24 @entity1 with @entity0 was performed. All of the @entity1 were evaluated in the Histopathological Laboratory of the Clinical Hospital Sistina, during the period from June 2009, until June 2011. The standard immunohistochemical procedures, including the @entity6 status, @entity4 status, proliferative index - Ki67 and @entity3 gene protein product were performed, as well as additional immunohistochemical staining for so-called basal keratins ( @entity5 and high molecular weight cytokeratin 34BE12). RESULTS: The age of the @entity1 ranged from 29-77 years. Positive lymph nodes were found in 14 (59%) @entity1 . The @entity2 was poorly differentiated in 19 @entity1 (79%). Overexpression of the @entity3 protein product was evaluated in 19 (79%) of the cases. All @entity3 negative @entity1 (5/5) had poorly differentiated @entity2 (G3), associated with positive regional lymph nodes. The @entity3 positive group expressed quite opposite correlation, only 9/19 (47%) were with positive lymph nodes (p = 0.03). The expression of @entity3 protein product was also associated with the nuclear grade (p = 0.005), the mitotic index (p = 0.001), lymph-vascular invasion (p = 0.005) and with the proliferation index Ki67 (p = 0.003). There was a trend for association with the @entity2 size - pT (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: According to the results, the triple negative @entity0 are subgroup of the poorly differentiated @entity2 frequently associated in the younger age groups. The majority of these have overexpression of the @entity3 protein product, which in other hand, are inversely correlated with lymph nodes metastases. Hence, the necessity of enriching the immunohistochemical protocol of these @entity1 with new antibodies, in order to evaluate their expression, which would be helpful for prediction the outcome of different therapeutical modalities. Key words: @entity0 , triple negative, @entity3 protein product.

title: Expression of @entity3 protein product in triple negative XXXX and relation with clinical and histopathological parameters.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Some epidemiological studies suggest association of @entity0 with occupational exposure of the parents to magnetic fields. To test this relationship, 50 each of C57BL/6J female and C3H/HeJ male @entity1 were exposed for 2 and 9 weeks, respectively, to 50 Hz sham (group A), 0.5 (group B), and 5 mT (group C) sinusoidal alternating magnetic fields. They were mated under the exposure for up to 2 weeks, and the exposure was continued until parturition. All the B6C3F1 offspring, without adjusting numbers of animals, were clinically observed without exposure to magnetic field for a nominal 78 weeks from 6-8 weeks of age after weaning and then euthanized for pathological examination according to a routine carcinogenicity test. 540 pups entered the test, and the survival rate was 96.7%. No F1 @entity1 died of @entity0 before a male in A group died of @entity0 at 43 weeks of age. The first animal death in the exposed groups due to @entity0 occurred at 71 weeks of age. Eighteen animals died before necropsy at 84-86 weeks of age. No significant difference was detected in the final number of survivors and incidence of @entity0 between groups A and B, or A and C. Concerning reproduction total implants in group B were less than in group A and the difference was on the borderline of significance (P=.05). This difference was not reproduced in a later duplicate experiment.

title: Carcinogenicity test in B6C3F1 XXXX after parental and prenatal exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Management of @entity2 of undetermined @entity1 in the head and neck region is controversial. Here we report the Southern California Kaiser Permanente experience with these @entity0 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: From January 1969 through December 1994, 106 @entity0 were eligible for this retrospective analysis. Distribution of nodal staging was as follows: 14 N1, 27 N2A, 39 N2B, 2 @entity4 , and 24 N3. Initial treatment included excisional biopsy alone in 12, radical neck dissection alone in 29, radiotherapy alone in 24, excisional biopsy followed by radiotherapy in 15, and radical neck dissection plus postoperative radiation in 26 @entity0 . RESULTS: Except for two @entity0 , all @entity0 have had a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Overall, 57 @entity0 (54%) have had recurrences. Only two @entity0 (3%) who had received radiotherapy as part of their initial treatment had an appearance of a potential primary site inside the irradiated field vs 13 @entity0 (32%) who had not received radiotherapy (p =.006). Combined modality therapy resulted in fewer neck relapses, particularly in @entity0 with @entity3 . Including salvage, surgery alone as the initial treatment resulted in 81% ultimate @entity1 control above the clavicle for @entity0 with N1 and N2a disease without extracapsular extension. The 5-year survival for the entire population was 53%. Radiotherapy alone resulted in poor survival in @entity0 with advanced/unresectable neck disease. No significant difference in survival based on the initial treatment was found. The statistically significant adverse factors in determining survival included advanced nodal stage and the presence of extracapsular extension. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy is very effective in reducing the rate of appearance of a potential primary site. However, in the absence of @entity3 (N1 and N2A without extracapsular extension), radiotherapy can be reserved for salvage. Radiotherapy alone results in poor outcomes in @entity0 with advanced/unresectable neck disease, and incorporation of concurrent chemotherapy and cytoprotective agents should be investigated.

title: Metastatic XXXX of the neck from an unknown primary: management options and patterns of relapse.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) interstitial brachytherapy of the oral tongue is a new treatment modality. Our study evaluates the outcomes of @entity0 with early stage @entity1 as treated by @entity6 interstitial implant. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 19 @entity0 who were seen between 1994 and 2000 with @entity7 and whose @entity1 were treated solely with interstitial implant using @entity6 remote afterloading technique. Ten @entity0 had T1 N0 disease, and the remaining 9 had T2 N0 disease. Elective neck treatment was withheld for 12 @entity0 . The remaining seven @entity0 had ipsilateral elective neck dissection. The male-female ratio was 1:0.9, and the median age was 60 years (range, 32-81 years). The median follow-up time was 43 months (range, 6-78 months). The afterloading catheters were positioned by the submandibular approach with the assistance of a template set. Fifteen @entity0 had single planar implants, and the remaining four had double planar implants. The median number of catheters inserted was 5 (range, 4-9). The median dose given was 55 Gy in 10 fractions over 6 days. The minimal interfraction interval was 7 hours for the first 7 @entity0 and was extended to 8 hours for the other 12. Mandibular shields were inserted before treatment. RESULTS: The @entity2 lasted for 6 to 20 weeks (median, 9 weeks). One @entity0 had local failure, and the 4-year local failure-free survival rate was 94.7%. Three of the 12 @entity0 without elective neck treatment had @entity5 develop. They were salvaged by neck node dissection and regionally remained in control. One @entity0 with multiple nodal metastases and extracapsular spread had biopsy-proven liver metastases and died 6 months after implant. One of the seven @entity0 who were treated with elective neck dissection had multiple nodal metastases and extracapsular spread. She was treated with postoperative radiotherapy to the neck. She died 30 months after implant with evidence of regional and distant failure. One @entity0 treated with double planar implant had grade II @entity3 of the soft tissue and bone develop. The @entity3 resolved with conservative treatment. Another four @entity0 had small area of soft tissue @entity4 attributed to aggressive debulking or biopsy before brachytherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience in treating @entity1 with @entity6 remote afterloading technique is encouraging, because it gives a local control rate of 94.7% at 4 years with acceptable morbidity. Further studies are eagerly awaited to delineate the optimum schedule for this new treatment modality.

title: XXXX brachytherapy for early stage @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) interstitial brachytherapy of the oral tongue is a new treatment modality. Our study evaluates the outcomes of @entity0 with early stage @entity1 as treated by @entity6 interstitial implant. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 19 @entity0 who were seen between 1994 and 2000 with @entity7 and whose @entity1 were treated solely with interstitial implant using @entity6 remote afterloading technique. Ten @entity0 had T1 N0 disease, and the remaining 9 had T2 N0 disease. Elective neck treatment was withheld for 12 @entity0 . The remaining seven @entity0 had ipsilateral elective neck dissection. The male-female ratio was 1:0.9, and the median age was 60 years (range, 32-81 years). The median follow-up time was 43 months (range, 6-78 months). The afterloading catheters were positioned by the submandibular approach with the assistance of a template set. Fifteen @entity0 had single planar implants, and the remaining four had double planar implants. The median number of catheters inserted was 5 (range, 4-9). The median dose given was 55 Gy in 10 fractions over 6 days. The minimal interfraction interval was 7 hours for the first 7 @entity0 and was extended to 8 hours for the other 12. Mandibular shields were inserted before treatment. RESULTS: The @entity2 lasted for 6 to 20 weeks (median, 9 weeks). One @entity0 had local failure, and the 4-year local failure-free survival rate was 94.7%. Three of the 12 @entity0 without elective neck treatment had @entity5 develop. They were salvaged by neck node dissection and regionally remained in control. One @entity0 with multiple nodal metastases and extracapsular spread had biopsy-proven liver metastases and died 6 months after implant. One of the seven @entity0 who were treated with elective neck dissection had multiple nodal metastases and extracapsular spread. She was treated with postoperative radiotherapy to the neck. She died 30 months after implant with evidence of regional and distant failure. One @entity0 treated with double planar implant had grade II @entity3 of the soft tissue and bone develop. The @entity3 resolved with conservative treatment. Another four @entity0 had small area of soft tissue @entity4 attributed to aggressive debulking or biopsy before brachytherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience in treating @entity1 with @entity6 remote afterloading technique is encouraging, because it gives a local control rate of 94.7% at 4 years with acceptable morbidity. Further studies are eagerly awaited to delineate the optimum schedule for this new treatment modality.

title: @entity6 brachytherapy for early stage XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To describe the clinical syndrome and diagnostic tests in @entity0 with genetic @entity5 (gPD) in Germany. Clinical features, MRI, EEG, and CSF markers were studied in 91 @entity0 (28 @entity11 , 20 @entity8 , 17 inserts, 13 @entity13 , 8 @entity10 , 5 @entity12 ). @entity3 (35  %) and @entity7 (29  %) were the most common initial symptoms and signs. A wide variety and high frequency of @entity1 and signs was found during disease course in all @entity0 independently of the type of the mutation. Psychiatric manifestations were frequent (87  %). @entity4 were observed in 67  %, and @entity6 was the most common disturbance (45  %). In @entity8 , @entity13 and @entity11 @entity0 , @entity2 were followed by @entity7 . @entity3 followed by @entity7 at onset was common in @entity0 with insert and @entity12 mutation. @entity10 @entity0 had @entity7 over a longer time period followed by pyramidal signs. @entity3 was present only late in the disease course. All clinical routine tests such as MRI, EEG and CSF tests were less sensitive than in @entity9 . We provide the first detailed analysis of clinical signs and symptoms in a large group of @entity0 with gPD. Frequency of clinical symptoms and signs was similar in different mutations in a later disease course, but the sequence of occurrence may be of great diagnostic importance. CSF markers were shown to be more sensitive than MRI and EEG.

title: Clinical findings and diagnosis in genetic XXXX in Germany.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The phytohormone auxin plays a central role in many aspects of plant growth and development. IAA is the most studied natural auxin that possesses the property of polar transport in plants. @entity5 ( @entity3 ) has also been recognized as a natural auxin for >40 years, but its role in plant growth and development remains unclear. In this study, we show that IAA and @entity3 have overlapping regulatory roles but distinct transport characteristics as auxins in plants. @entity3 is widely distributed in vascular and non-vascular plants. Although the biological activities of @entity3 are lower than those of IAA, the endogenous levels of @entity3 are much higher than those of IAA in various plant tissues in @entity0 . @entity3 and @entity4 can regulate the same set of auxin-responsive genes through the @entity6 /AFB pathway in @entity0 . IAA actively forms concentration gradients in @entity2 coleoptiles in response to gravitropic stimulation, whereas @entity3 does not, indicating that @entity3 is not actively transported in a polar manner. The induction of the YUCCA (YUC) genes increases @entity3 metabolite levels in @entity0 , indicating that YUC @entity1 -containing monooxygenases may play a role in @entity3 biosynthesis. Our results provide new insights into the regulation of plant growth and development by different types of auxins.

title: Distinct Characteristics of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and XXXX , Two Common Auxins in Plants.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of CT in the pre-operative evaluation of macroscopic @entity1 growth of @entity2 . 25 metastatic nodules of 18 @entity0 who underwent an initial hepatectomy for @entity2 were retrospectively evaluated. The CT appearance and pathological findings of the resected specimens were correlated. A number of unusual peritumoral features associated with @entity1 growth were detected by pre-operative CT. These were classified into three patterns: (1) thickened portal tract; (2) intrahepatic bile duct dilatation; and (3) a wedge-shaped area with enhancement. In 8 (32%) of the 25 nodules the portal tract was depicted as thicker than usual and these features were found proximal to the @entity1 in three instances, distal to the @entity1 in four instances, and both proximal and distal in one instance. All of the three @entity1 larger than 30 mm resulted in thickening of the portal tract. Intrahepatic bile duct dilatation was detected in association with 10 (40%) of 25 nodules. Bile duct dilatation was observed in more than one segment when @entity1 reached the hepatic hilus from the @entity1 . The presence of bile duct dilatation was not related to either the size of the @entity1 or the extent of @entity1 growth. An abnormally high density wedge-shaped area on contrast enhanced CT was another feature indicating @entity1 growth and was seen in association with four nodules. Such areas were seen in the liver parenchyma distal to the @entity1 on three occasions, or encompassing the @entity1 on one accasion. This wedge-shaped area appeared as a well demarcated dark red-brown region in the cut surface of the resected specimen. CT was useful for detecting the presence of @entity1 growth with these three patterns of radiological findings in @entity0 with liver metastases from @entity2

title: CT imaging of intrabiliary growth of XXXX : a comparison of pathological findings of resected specimens.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although radionuclide methods for the detection of @entity1 have been available for more than 20 years, the value of delayed images in @entity1 scintigraphy is still regarded controversially. The aim of this study was to determine the value of delayed images in a group of @entity0 with predominantly low-grade intermittent @entity2 . Eighty-nine consecutive @entity1 scintigraphies of 75 @entity0 were analysed retrospectively. All @entity0 were referred to our department after other diagnostic methods had failed to identify the localization of @entity1 . After the dynamic study, delayed images were acquired for up to 24 h until a @entity2 site was identified. Data on the clinical outcome were available in all but five @entity0 . No @entity0 with a negative scan died from @entity1 . A positive result was found in 41 @entity0 (55%). The scans of 11 of these 41 @entity0 (27%) became positive during dynamic imaging. Four required immediate surgery and, in another @entity0 , surgery was not performed because of diffuse @entity2 of the entire GI tract. One @entity0 died without surgical intervention. Thirty-three scans of 30 of these 41 @entity0 (73%) were positive on delayed imaging only, leading to surgery in 12 individuals. Our findings demonstrate the importance of delayed images in @entity1 scintigraphy. Many of our @entity0 who required surgery had scans that did not become positive for several hours.

title: The importance of delayed images in XXXX scintigraphy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Undifferentiated @entity5 is rare. It is usually observed in @entity0 and adolescents. We report one case of @entity5 arising in @entity0 without any antecedent. The only symptom was right scapular @entity4 . The liver scan showed a multicystic lesion suspicious for infectious origin or a @entity1 . Serologies for ecchinococcus, @entity6 and @entity8 were negative. The treatment was a right hepatectomy. On gross examination, the @entity1 was unencapsulated, multicystic and contained large areas of @entity2 admixed with gelatinous areas. Microscopically, there were epithelioid and @entity1 cells in a myxo  d stroma. Lipoblastic-like or rhabdomyoblastic-like, giant cells and PAS positive hyaline globules in the cell cytoplasm were present. The @entity1 cells expressed @entity7 , cytokeratin ( @entity9 ), alpha-1-antitrypsin and smooth muscle actin. This observation shows that @entity5 may develop in adult @entity0 and should be taken into consideration in any differential diagnosis of @entity3 .

title: [Undifferentiated XXXX in an adult: a case report].

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Under current guidelines, based on prior @entity2 probability thresholds, inequalities in access to therapy arise especially at older ages (>= 70  years) depending on the presence or absence of a prior @entity2 . An alternative threshold (a fixed threshold from the age of 70 years) reduces this disparity, increases treatment access and decreases the need for bone densitometry. INTRODUCTION: Several international guidelines set age-specific intervention thresholds at the 10-year probability of @entity2 equivalent to a @entity0 of average BMI with a prior @entity2 . At older ages (>= 70  years), @entity0 with prior @entity2 selected for treatment are at lower average absolute risk than those selected for treatment in the absence of prior @entity2 , prompting consideration of alternative thresholds in this age group. METHODS: Using a simulated population of 50,633 @entity0 aged 50-90  years in the UK, with a distribution of risk factors similar to that in the European FRAX derivation cohorts and a UK-matched age distribution, the current NOGG intervention and assessment thresholds were compared to one where the thresholds remained constant from 70  years upwards. RESULTS: Under current thresholds, 45.1  % of @entity0 aged >= 70  years would be eligible for therapy, comprising 37.5  % with prior @entity2 , 2.2  % with high risk but no prior @entity2 and 5.4  % selected for treatment after bone mineral density (BMD) measurement. Mean @entity1 probability was 11.3, 23.3 and 17.6  %, respectively, in these groups. Under the alternative thresholds, the overall proportion of @entity0 treated increased from 45.1 to 52.9  %, with 8.4  % at high risk but no prior @entity2 and 7.0  % selected for treatment after BMD measurement. In the latter group, the mean probability of @entity1 was identical to that observed in @entity0 with prior @entity2 (11.3  %). The alternative threshold also reduced the need for BMD measurement, particularly at older ages (>80  years). CONCLUSIONS: The alternative thresholds equilibrate @entity2 risk, particularly @entity1 risk, in those with or without prior @entity2 selected for treatment and reduce BMD usage at older ages.

title: FRAX-based assessment and intervention thresholds-an exploration of thresholds in XXXX aged 50  years and older in the UK.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: @entity2 is a rare entity, exceptionally described in the literature. No study has been directly devoted to this condition. The purpose of the present study was to examine specific features, particularly clinical and anatomic expression, observed in a series of operated @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven @entity0 from the French Antilles were treated for @entity2 between 1996 and 2000. The Verbiest criteria were used to define canal @entity3 . Signs of degeneration and presence of discal herniation were exclusion criteria. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected for the 11 @entity0 . The degree of @entity4 (fixed diameter at the bone level and mobile diameter at the discal level) was measured on computed tomography images. Transverse @entity4 was determined by measuring the interpedicular and interapophyseal distances. @entity4 was determined by measuring the depth of the recessus. RESULTS: These @entity0 were young (mean age 42.4 years). Most of the clinical signs were monoradicular. Discal level @entity4 predominated, generally at level L4-L5. It was generally central and lateral, sagittal and transverse. The interpedicular distance was the only diameter that remained within normal limits. Soft tissues (yellow ligaments and joint capsules) played an important role in the @entity4 . DISCUSSION: The rare reports of @entity2 describe decompensated @entity4 due to discal herniation in the adolescent. @entity2 is considered to be a @entity1 and its particular high frequency in the French Antilles favors this hypothesis. The @entity4 results from bony (short pedicles, hypertrophic lateral masses) and ligament ( @entity5 of the yellow ligament and joint capsules) structures. CONCLUSION: @entity2 produces a global (sagittal, transverse, central, lateral) narrowing of the lumbar canal where soft tissue structures apparently play a greater role than usually thought. A prospective study examining the impact of ethnic origin is required to analyze the genetic hypothesis.

title: [ XXXX in eleven French Antilles @entity0 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: @entity2 is a rare entity, exceptionally described in the literature. No study has been directly devoted to this condition. The purpose of the present study was to examine specific features, particularly clinical and anatomic expression, observed in a series of operated @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven @entity0 from the French Antilles were treated for @entity2 between 1996 and 2000. The Verbiest criteria were used to define canal @entity3 . Signs of degeneration and presence of discal herniation were exclusion criteria. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected for the 11 @entity0 . The degree of @entity4 (fixed diameter at the bone level and mobile diameter at the discal level) was measured on computed tomography images. Transverse @entity4 was determined by measuring the interpedicular and interapophyseal distances. @entity4 was determined by measuring the depth of the recessus. RESULTS: These @entity0 were young (mean age 42.4 years). Most of the clinical signs were monoradicular. Discal level @entity4 predominated, generally at level L4-L5. It was generally central and lateral, sagittal and transverse. The interpedicular distance was the only diameter that remained within normal limits. Soft tissues (yellow ligaments and joint capsules) played an important role in the @entity4 . DISCUSSION: The rare reports of @entity2 describe decompensated @entity4 due to discal herniation in the adolescent. @entity2 is considered to be a @entity1 and its particular high frequency in the French Antilles favors this hypothesis. The @entity4 results from bony (short pedicles, hypertrophic lateral masses) and ligament ( @entity5 of the yellow ligament and joint capsules) structures. CONCLUSION: @entity2 produces a global (sagittal, transverse, central, lateral) narrowing of the lumbar canal where soft tissue structures apparently play a greater role than usually thought. A prospective study examining the impact of ethnic origin is required to analyze the genetic hypothesis.

title: [ @entity2 in eleven French Antilles XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC) commenced operation in Melbourne, Australia, in 1992. It offers a model for management of first-episode @entity1 , utilising principles of early detection, low-dose medication and comprehensive psychosocial interventions within the least restrictive setting. METHOD: Data were examined from the first three months of treatment for all consecutive @entity0 with first-episode @entity1 (n = 231) accepted in the programme in 1995-1996. A subsample of @entity0 (n = 120) was assessed comparing clinical ratings with variables of gender, diagnosis, hospitalisation, and medication. RESULTS: Hospitalisations were brief, and avoided for a third of the @entity0 . Low-dose antipsychotic medication was maintained in both in- @entity0 and community settings. Those @entity0 with @entity1 were more likely to be hospitalised. Hospitalised @entity0 received higher antipsychotic dosages, and had a greater rate of reduction in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale psychotic subscale scores at three months follow-up. Eighty per cent of a representative subsample had responded to treatment and 63% were in remission by the end of the three months. CONCLUSION: This naturalistic study suggests that the feasibility of implementing the EPPIC model in a range of clinical settings is promising and applicable in practice.

title: Analysis of the initial treatment phase in first-episode XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Delivery of follow-up care to @entity0 survivors is an important public health issue due to their increasing number and the anticipated shortage of oncology providers. This study evaluated adherence to American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)-recommended surveillance tests in a bi-ethnic cohort of long-term @entity0 survivors. METHODS: @entity1 (n   =   298) in Arizona and Colorado who had previously participated in a population-based study of @entity0 were enrolled into a follow-up survey approximately 6  years post-diagnosis. ASCO-recommended surveillance (mammogram, clinical breast, and physical exam), other non-recommended tests (e.g. @entity2 markers, imaging scans), and @entity1 ' beliefs were compared by provider type using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: No significant differences in @entity1 self-report of physical exam or mammography prevalence by provider type was observed after adjustment for covariates. Receipt of surveillance tests not recommended by ASCO was higher among survivors who saw an oncologist ( @entity2 marker tests: OR   =   3.0, 95  % CI 1.5-5.8; and other blood tests: OR   =   2.0, 95  % CI 1.1-3.5) as compared to those who routinely see a primary care physician. These observed differences persisted after adjustment for age, stage, lapse in insurance, education, or ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Although overutilization of non-recommended tests was observed among @entity1 who saw an oncologist, the majority of @entity0 survivors received ASCO-recommended surveillance regardless of provider type. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Most @entity0 survivors receive recommended surveillance tests, whether their care is managed by a primary care physician or an oncologist, but some @entity1 receive unnecessary testing. @entity1 should talk with their providers about tests recommended based on their past @entity0 .

title: Surveillance and beliefs about follow-up care among long-term XXXX survivors: a comparison of primary care and oncology providers.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Twenty-seven @entity0 (12 @entity0 , 15 @entity0 , age range 3-11 years, weight range 10-40 kg) were treated with @entity2 oral solution 10 mg/mL given as pulse therapy for @entity3 . The dosage regimen was 3 mg/kg per day given once daily in a fasting state with each pulse lasting 1 week. The first two pulses were separated by a 2-week off-drug period, and the second and third pulses had a 3-week period without drug between them. For each @entity0 a second and third pulse were administered if there was clinical evidence of @entity3 at the time-point when the next pulse was due. The overall severity of @entity3 at pretherapy was classified as mild, moderate or severe with the aetiology being: Trichophyton tonsurans, 24 @entity0 ; T. violaceum, two @entity0 and @entity4 , one @entity0 . In 19 evaluable @entity0 , 12 weeks after starting therapy, the numbers of pulses of @entity2 oral solution required to produce complete cure were, according to the severity of disease, mild @entity3 (one pulse: four @entity0 ; two pulses: five), moderate disease (one pulse: two @entity0 ; two pulses: two; three pulses: two), and severe disease (three pulses: three @entity0 ). One @entity0 with moderate severity @entity3 was clinically clear after three pulses of therapy but mycological examination was positive. Seven @entity0 were lost to follow-up and one discontinued therapy because of @entity1 . @entity2 oral solution 3 mg/kg per day was generally well tolerated. Three @entity0 developed gastrointestinal adverse effects which were considered to be minor or 'nuisance' effects. The data from this preliminary report need to be confirmed in a larger group of @entity0 . It remains to be seen whether @entity2 oral solution will become a practical alternative to the antifungal agents available in a liquid preparation for the treatment of @entity3 .

title: @entity2 oral solution for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Twenty-seven @entity0 (12 @entity0 , 15 @entity0 , age range 3-11 years, weight range 10-40 kg) were treated with @entity2 oral solution 10 mg/mL given as pulse therapy for @entity3 . The dosage regimen was 3 mg/kg per day given once daily in a fasting state with each pulse lasting 1 week. The first two pulses were separated by a 2-week off-drug period, and the second and third pulses had a 3-week period without drug between them. For each @entity0 a second and third pulse were administered if there was clinical evidence of @entity3 at the time-point when the next pulse was due. The overall severity of @entity3 at pretherapy was classified as mild, moderate or severe with the aetiology being: Trichophyton tonsurans, 24 @entity0 ; T. violaceum, two @entity0 and @entity4 , one @entity0 . In 19 evaluable @entity0 , 12 weeks after starting therapy, the numbers of pulses of @entity2 oral solution required to produce complete cure were, according to the severity of disease, mild @entity3 (one pulse: four @entity0 ; two pulses: five), moderate disease (one pulse: two @entity0 ; two pulses: two; three pulses: two), and severe disease (three pulses: three @entity0 ). One @entity0 with moderate severity @entity3 was clinically clear after three pulses of therapy but mycological examination was positive. Seven @entity0 were lost to follow-up and one discontinued therapy because of @entity1 . @entity2 oral solution 3 mg/kg per day was generally well tolerated. Three @entity0 developed gastrointestinal adverse effects which were considered to be minor or 'nuisance' effects. The data from this preliminary report need to be confirmed in a larger group of @entity0 . It remains to be seen whether @entity2 oral solution will become a practical alternative to the antifungal agents available in a liquid preparation for the treatment of @entity3 .

title: XXXX oral solution for the treatment of @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of infrared thermography (IRT) images as a tool for monitoring body surface temperature and to study its relationship with residual feed intake (RFI) in Nellore @entity0 . We also evaluated IRT as an indicator of feed efficiency in @entity3 @entity0 . In this study, 144 Nellore steers were fed high-concentrate diets for 70  days to evaluate feedlot performance. We examined nine animals classified as high RFI and nine animals classified as low RFI by measuring @entity2 ( @entity2 ), respiratory frequency (RF), and IRT in the front, eye, @entity1 , cheek, flank, ribs, rump, and front feet. The measurements were taken at 0700, 1200, and 1600 hours. The IRT temperatures measured at the eye, cheek, flank, ribs, rump, and front feet were positively associated with RF and @entity2 . These results indicate that increases in the temperatures are associated with increased RF and @entity2 . There was an effect in the RFI group in the front region where IRT correlates with @entity2 . The front IRT for high-RFI @entity0 was lower (P   <   0.01) than that for low-RFI @entity0 . The higher skin temperature measured by IRT for animals in the RFI group may be related to improved efficiency of thermoregulatory mechanisms because the @entity2 remained lower in the low-RFI group. IRT can be used in the head for studies related to RFI in beef @entity0 .

title: Infrared thermography as a tool to evaluate body surface temperature and its relationship with feed efficiency in XXXX @entity0 in tropical conditions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of infrared thermography (IRT) images as a tool for monitoring body surface temperature and to study its relationship with residual feed intake (RFI) in Nellore @entity0 . We also evaluated IRT as an indicator of feed efficiency in @entity3 @entity0 . In this study, 144 Nellore steers were fed high-concentrate diets for 70  days to evaluate feedlot performance. We examined nine animals classified as high RFI and nine animals classified as low RFI by measuring @entity2 ( @entity2 ), respiratory frequency (RF), and IRT in the front, eye, @entity1 , cheek, flank, ribs, rump, and front feet. The measurements were taken at 0700, 1200, and 1600 hours. The IRT temperatures measured at the eye, cheek, flank, ribs, rump, and front feet were positively associated with RF and @entity2 . These results indicate that increases in the temperatures are associated with increased RF and @entity2 . There was an effect in the RFI group in the front region where IRT correlates with @entity2 . The front IRT for high-RFI @entity0 was lower (P   <   0.01) than that for low-RFI @entity0 . The higher skin temperature measured by IRT for animals in the RFI group may be related to improved efficiency of thermoregulatory mechanisms because the @entity2 remained lower in the low-RFI group. IRT can be used in the head for studies related to RFI in beef @entity0 .

title: Infrared thermography as a tool to evaluate body surface temperature and its relationship with feed efficiency in @entity3 XXXX in tropical conditions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Psoralens linked to triplex-forming oligonucleotides (psoTFOs) have been used in conjunction with laser-induced two-photon excitation (TPE) to damage a specific DNA target sequence. To demonstrate that TPE can initiate photochemistry resulting in psoralen-DNA photoadducts, target DNA sequences were incubated with psoTFOs to form triple-helical complexes and then irradiated in liquid solution with pulsed 765-nm laser light, which is half the quantum energy required for conventional one-photon excitation, as used in psoralen + UV A radiation (320-400 nm) therapy. Target DNA acquired strand-specific psoralen monoadducts in a light dose-dependent fashion. To localize DNA damage in a model tissue-like medium, a DNA-psoTFO mixture was prepared in a @entity3 gel and then irradiated with a converging laser beam targeting the rear of the gel. The highest number of photoadducts formed at the rear while relatively sparing DNA at the front of the gel, demonstrating spatial localization of sequence-specific DNA damage by TPE. To assess whether TPE treatment could be extended to cells without significant @entity1 , cultured monolayers of normal @entity0 dermal fibroblasts were incubated with @entity4 -labeled psoralen without TFO to maximize detectable damage and irradiated by TPE. DNA from irradiated cells treated with psoralen exhibited a 4- to 7-fold increase in @entity4 activity relative to untreated controls. Functional survival assays indicated that the psoralen- @entity5 treatment was not toxic to cells. These results demonstrate that DNA damage can be simultaneously manipulated at the @entity2 level and in three dimensions. This approach for targeting photochemical DNA damage may have photochemotherapeutic applications in skin and other optically accessible tissues.

title: Spatially localized generation of XXXX sequence-specific DNA damage.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The unique chromatin signature of @entity1 cells is fundamental to the pluripotency and differentiation of @entity1 cells. One key feature is the poised chromatin state of master developmental genes that are transcriptionally repressed in @entity1 cells but ready to be activated in response to differentiation signals. Poised chromatin in @entity1 cells contains both H3 Lys-4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and H3 Lys-27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) methylation, indicating activating and repressing potential. However, the contribution of non-covalent chromatin structure to the poised state is not well understood. To address whether remodeling of nucleosomes is important to the poised state, we characterized the function of @entity2 , a key regulatory subunit of the @entity1 cell @entity0 -dependent @entity4 ( @entity4 ) chromatin remodeling complex (esBAF). Acute deletion of @entity2 disrupted the differentiation potential of @entity1 cells by altering the expression timing of key developmental genes and pluripotent genes. Our genome-wide nucleosome and histone modification analyses indicated that the disruption of gene expression timing was largely due to changes of chromatin structures at poised genes, particularly those key developmental genes mediated by @entity2 . Specifically, @entity2 deletion caused a nucleosome occupancy increase at H3K4me3- and/or H3K27me3-associated promoters. Moreover, H3K27me3 levels and the number of bivalent promoter genes were reduced in @entity2 KO @entity1 cells. We revealed that @entity2 ablation led to elevated @entity3 but reduced @entity5 recruitment at nucleosome occupancy-increased regions, indicating an unexpected and complicated role of @entity2 in regulating esBAF and Polycomb repressive complex (PRC) activities. Together, our studies identified that @entity2 mediates esBAF and PRC functions to establish the poised chromatin configuration in @entity1 cells, which is essential for the proper differentiation of @entity1 cells.

title: XXXX Protein Regulates Nucleosome Occupancy and Histone Modifications in Priming Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: A retrospective analysis of 28 cases of duodenal @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was done to evaluate radiological findings and their value in the diagnosis of the disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Upper gastrointestinal and small bowel series of 28 @entity0 with duodenal @entity1 were analysed for radiological findings. The diagnosis of duodenal @entity1 was confirmed by surgery and biopsy in 18, on the basis of radiological findings and response to treatment in 9, and on the basis of findings on upper gastrointestinal scopy and biopsy in 1 @entity0 . RESULTS: The study included 28 @entity0 (14 males, 14 females). The mean age was 32.1 (range 5-65). Twenty-three (82.2%) @entity0 presented with obstructive symptoms while five manifested with @entity3 . Of the latter, 4 had @entity2 in the third and fourth parts of the duodenum. In the remaining @entity0 , the mucosa of the duodenum could not be clearly visualised. Two @entity0 had extrinsic impression at the D2-D3 and D3-D4 segments. In 23 @entity0 with obstructive symptoms, 18 demonstrated luminal narrowing of varying degrees and 5 had a sharp band-like cut-off at the third part of the duodenum. Of the 18 @entity0 with luminal narrowing, 13 had extrinsic compression, 12 had proximal dilatation and 14 had @entity2 mainly in the second and third parts of the duodenum. Biliary involvement was seen in 3 @entity0 without any signs or symptoms directly referable to the biliary involvement. CONCLUSION: Though duodenal @entity1 lacks specific radiological features, barium studies help to localise and define the area of narrowing and @entity2 and help to confirm the presence of lymph nodes causing compression of the duodenum.

title: Duodenal XXXX : radiological features on barium studies and their clinical correlation in 28 cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of maternal pregestational @entity2 1 @entity1 on offspring primary school performance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a prospective combined clinical and register-based cohort study comparing primary school performance in offspring (n = 707) of @entity0 with pregestational @entity2 1 @entity1 with matched control offspring (n = 60,341). We also examined the association between HbA1c levels during pregnancy and later school performance among offspring born to @entity0 with pregestational @entity2 1 @entity1 . RESULTS: Offspring of mothers with pregestational @entity2 1 @entity1 obtained similar school grades as control offspring when finishing primary school (regression coefficient [b] = -0.13; 95% CI = -0.30 to 0.03; P = 0.12). Adjusting for parental education also resulted in an insignificant difference between the two groups (b = -0.07; 95% CI = -0.23 to 0.09; P = 0.37). Among offspring of @entity0 with @entity2 1 @entity1 , increasing maternal @entity3 c pregestationally and throughout the pregnancy was associated with lower average school grades. Offspring born to mothers with good glycemic control in the third trimester obtained higher average school grades compared with control offspring. The opposite applied to offspring born to mothers with inadequate glycemic control, who obtained significantly lower average school grades compared with control offspring. CONCLUSIONS: Offspring of mothers with pregestational @entity2 1 @entity1 obtained similar average grades when finishing primary school compared with matched control offspring. Among offspring of @entity0 with @entity2 1 @entity1 , we found a consistent negative association between maternal HbA1c in pregnancy and primary school grades. However, whether this association reflects a direct causal influence of intrauterine @entity4 is uncertain.

title: Academic Achievement in Primary School in Offspring Born to Mothers With Type 1 XXXX (the EPICOM Study): A Register-Based Prospective Cohort Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: It has been reported that @entity7 ( @entity8 ) is an apoptosis inducer and radiation sensitizer for various @entity3 cell lines. In this study of @entity0 @entity1 , we examined the combined effect of topical @entity8 and radiation therapy on fungating and/or skin-infiltrating lesions of @entity0 . The dermatological, @entity6 of the treatment were also monitored. @entity8 gel (0.05%) was applied to @entity3 lesions 1 h prior to delivery of each fraction, with the gel removed about 5 min before the irradiation. Superficial radiation was delivered using an electron beam from a linear accelerator. Every week, the @entity3 lesions were photographed to evaluate effectiveness, and blood was sampled to monitor changes in hemogram and biochemical profile. Seven @entity0 @entity1 with cutaneous @entity2 were enrolled in this study. In terms of @entity3 , the rates for complete, partial response and stable disease were 42.9 (three of seven), 42.9 (three of seven) and 14.3% (one of seven), respectively. The skin @entity4 , assessed by a visual analog scale, and secretion from all of the seven superficial and fungating wounds decreased markedly after treatment. Significant @entity5 or granulocytosis was not noted. Further, changes in renal and hepatic function were also not significant. It seems reasonable to conclude that @entity8 may be an effective and safe radiosensitizer for palliative radiotherapy for skin-infiltrating lesions of @entity0 .

title: Combined effect of topical XXXX and radiation therapy on skin-infiltrating lesions of @entity0 -a pilot study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: It has been reported that @entity7 ( @entity8 ) is an apoptosis inducer and radiation sensitizer for various @entity3 cell lines. In this study of @entity0 @entity1 , we examined the combined effect of topical @entity8 and radiation therapy on fungating and/or skin-infiltrating lesions of @entity0 . The dermatological, @entity6 of the treatment were also monitored. @entity8 gel (0.05%) was applied to @entity3 lesions 1 h prior to delivery of each fraction, with the gel removed about 5 min before the irradiation. Superficial radiation was delivered using an electron beam from a linear accelerator. Every week, the @entity3 lesions were photographed to evaluate effectiveness, and blood was sampled to monitor changes in hemogram and biochemical profile. Seven @entity0 @entity1 with cutaneous @entity2 were enrolled in this study. In terms of @entity3 , the rates for complete, partial response and stable disease were 42.9 (three of seven), 42.9 (three of seven) and 14.3% (one of seven), respectively. The skin @entity4 , assessed by a visual analog scale, and secretion from all of the seven superficial and fungating wounds decreased markedly after treatment. Significant @entity5 or granulocytosis was not noted. Further, changes in renal and hepatic function were also not significant. It seems reasonable to conclude that @entity8 may be an effective and safe radiosensitizer for palliative radiotherapy for skin-infiltrating lesions of @entity0 .

title: Combined effect of topical @entity7 and radiation therapy on skin-infiltrating lesions of XXXX -a pilot study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 dehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD 2) converts active @entity0 to inactive @entity1 and thus modifies the availability of glucocorticoids for the target tissue. An additional function is the protection of the @entity2 receptor in mineralocorticoid-sensitive tissues such as the kidney and the gut. The occurrence of 11beta-HSD 2 activity was investigated in several species. Data for the @entity3 , however, so far are missing. The activity was determined by a radio-enzyme-assay based on the conversion of tritiated @entity0 to @entity1 under standardized incubation conditions in supernatants of homogenates prepared from tissues of four castrates. Tissues comprised several locations along the intestinal tract and in addition kidney, lung, muscle, heart, spleen and pancreas. Highest values of the enzyme activity were found in kidney and very low activities in lung tissue but no activity in muscle, spleen, heart and pancreas. In the gut, there was a continuous increase in enzyme activity from the duodenum (0.60 pmol x min(- 1) x mg protein(- 1)) towards the colon with maximum values in the colon transversum (23.32 pmol x min(- 1) x mg protein(- 1)). In the colon the activity was 10-fold higher than in jejunum and 3-fold higher compared to ileum. The activities did not differ significantly between the colon transversum and colon descendens.

title: Activities of @entity4 dehydrogenase 2 in different regions of the intestinal tract of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 dehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD 2) converts active @entity0 to inactive @entity1 and thus modifies the availability of glucocorticoids for the target tissue. An additional function is the protection of the @entity2 receptor in mineralocorticoid-sensitive tissues such as the kidney and the gut. The occurrence of 11beta-HSD 2 activity was investigated in several species. Data for the @entity3 , however, so far are missing. The activity was determined by a radio-enzyme-assay based on the conversion of tritiated @entity0 to @entity1 under standardized incubation conditions in supernatants of homogenates prepared from tissues of four castrates. Tissues comprised several locations along the intestinal tract and in addition kidney, lung, muscle, heart, spleen and pancreas. Highest values of the enzyme activity were found in kidney and very low activities in lung tissue but no activity in muscle, spleen, heart and pancreas. In the gut, there was a continuous increase in enzyme activity from the duodenum (0.60 pmol x min(- 1) x mg protein(- 1)) towards the colon with maximum values in the colon transversum (23.32 pmol x min(- 1) x mg protein(- 1)). In the colon the activity was 10-fold higher than in jejunum and 3-fold higher compared to ileum. The activities did not differ significantly between the colon transversum and colon descendens.

title: Activities of XXXX dehydrogenase 2 in different regions of the intestinal tract of @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Operon-encoded essential bacterial genes are particularly challenging to study independently because of coordinated gene expression and the non-viability of knock-out mutants. Essentiality scores for many operon genes remain uncertain. Antisense RNA (asRNA) silencing or in-frame gene-disruption of genes may help establish essentiality, but can lead to polar effects on genes downstream or upstream of the target gene. Here, the @entity0 ribF-ileS-lspA-fkpB-ispH operon was used to evaluate the possibility of independently studying an essential gene using expressed asRNA and target gene overexpression to deregulate coupled expression. Gene requirement for growth in conditional silencing strains was determined by the relationship of target mRNA reduction with growth inhibition, as a minimum transcript level 50 (MTL50) value. @entity3 and @entity2 , the protein inhibitors of IleS and LspA, respectively, were used in sensitization assays of strains containing both asRNA-expressing and ORF-expressing plasmids to examine deregulation of the overlapping ileS-lspA genes. We found upstream and downstream polar silencing effects when either ileS or lspA was silenced, indicating coupled expression. Weighted MTL50 mean and SD values of ribF, ileS, and lspA were 0.65    0.18, 0.64    0.06, and 0.76    0.10, respectively. However, they were not significantly different (p = 0.71, weighted one-way ANOVA). Gene requirement for ispH could not be determined due to @entity1 . @entity3 and @entity2 sensitization experiments indicated that ileS-lspA expression could not be decoupled. The results highlight the inherent challenges associated with genetic analyses of operons; however, coupling of essential genes may provide opportunities to improve RNA silencing antimicrobials.

title: Silencing of essential genes within a highly coordinated operon in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Results of treatment of 10,724 @entity0 with different forms of acute and chronic @entity5 are analyzed. Surgical treatment was performed in 7819 (72.9%) @entity0 . Variants of treatment of acute and chronic @entity5 are presented. Typical cholecystectomy is the basic surgery in @entity0 with acute @entity5 (63% procedures). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCE) was performed in 37% @entity0 . Two-stage surgeries with previous microcholecystostomy (MCS) and endoscopic papilloshincterotomy (EPST) are indicated in late hospitalization of @entity0 with intoxication and severe @entity1 . They permit to prepare @entity0 for cholecystectomy and to decrease scope of surgery. In @entity7 and @entity4 EPST and MCS are indicated for almost all @entity0 as a preliminary procedure before surgery on the biliary tract and cholecystectomy. This two-stage variant permitted to reduce @entity2 from 9.7 to 1.6%. In chronic @entity5 LCE is the main type of surgery with minimal @entity2 . For @entity0 with recurrent @entity5 , frequent exacerbations, severe @entity1 EPST in @entity6 and sanation of gall bladder through @entity3 are indicated.

title: [Treatment of XXXX and its complications].

answer: @entity5


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the feasibility of laparoscopic single-incision myomectomy using new technology. DESIGN: A step-by-step video demonstrating our technique for accomplishing a laparoscopic single-site myomectomy of a large intramural @entity1 . SETTING: Single institution. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) has been shown to have similar outcomes to multiport laparoscopy but with superior cosmetic results [1,2] but has traditionally been associated with an increased learning curve, primarily because of poor ergonomics and instrument collisions, lack of triangulation, and, until recently, inadequate instrumentation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We present a case of laparoscopic single-site myomectomy of an 11-cm intramural @entity1 . This video was exempt from institutional review board review at our institution. @entity0 has traditionally been associated with poor ergonomics; however, we found that the articulating Enseal G2 Articulating Tissue Sealer (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Blue Ash, @entity2 ) enables completion of complex surgical procedures not traditionally associated with single-site laparoscopy. This video demonstrates our technique to successfully accomplish a single-site laparoscopic myomectomy including the importance of vertical closure with V-Loc (Covidien, New Haven, CT) at the surgical site. CONCLUSION: We found that the articulating Enseal enables a single-incision laparoscopic myomectomy to be performed with only minimal modifications on multiport surgery techniques. We were able to successfully perform a myomectomy on an 11-cm intramural @entity1 with excellent cosmetic results.

title: Laparoscopic Single-Site Myomectomy of 11-cm Intramural XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is characterized by autodestruction of enterocytes after exposure of genetically susceptible individuals to dietary gluten. To define the transport pathways of proteins involved in the celiac immune response, we wished to determine the subcellular compartments of the intestinal mucosa where @entity5 gliadin peptides colocalize with receptors of T lymphocytes, including alpha/beta-TCR, gamma/delta-TCR, and @entity2 . Semithin and ultrathin frozen section of jejunal biopsies from @entity4 @entity0 and controls were used to perform immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling as well as in situ hybridization experiments. In @entity0 with active @entity4 , we detected gliadin peptides in vacuoles and Golgi complexes of enterocytes. @entity2 , alpha/beta-TCR, and gamma/delta-TCR were found in vacuoles and Golgi complexes within these gliadin-containing enterocytes in addition to the surface of intraepithelial and mucosal T lymphocytes. In contrast, we observed that the localization of @entity1 , CD3, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was restricted to lymphocytes in @entity4 @entity0 . We further detected labeling signals for gliadin peptides, @entity2 /beta-TCR, and gamma/delta-TCR at the basal membrane of enterocytes that were interdigitated by extensions of lymphocytes. In situ hybridization experiments revealed that @entity2 and gamma/delta-TCR were not expressed by @entity4 enterocytes. We conclude that @entity2 /beta-TCR, and gamma/delta-TCR are targeted to Golgi complexes and vacuoles of small intestinal enterocytes in active @entity4 . The observed process may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity4 enterocytes. We propose a mechanism for the uptake of @entity2 /beta-TCR, and gamma/delta-TCR by the basolateral membrane of small intestinal enterocytes.

title: Targeting of gliadin peptides, XXXX /beta-TCR, and gamma/delta-TCR to Golgi complexes and vacuoles within celiac disease enterocytes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonfunctional @entity2 (NF-PNETs) are rare @entity1 with highly variable outcome. Current guidelines recommend surveillance for small @entity1 ( <=2  cm), but a scientific basis for such recommendation is scarce. METHODS: @entity0 who underwent surgery for NF-PNET during 2001-2013 were identified from a prospectively maintained database and reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity0 that had undergone an operative procedure for NF-PNET were identified. Forty-one @entity0 (71%) were symptomatic. Median size of the @entity1 was 2.5  cm (range 0.9-12.0  cm). WHO 2010 grade was predictive of both overall- and disease-free survival (P  <  .001), whereas size alone was not. Twenty-four @entity0 had a small NF-PNET ( <=2  cm), of whom 16 were symptomatic and 8 asymptomatic. Seven @entity0 with small symptomatic NF-PNETs showed signs of malignant behavior: 4 had lymph node metastases, 1 had liver metastases before surgery, 3 developed liver metastases, and 3 died of the disease. All 7 @entity0 had either bile duct or @entity2 or both on preoperative imaging. On the contrary, @entity0 with small asymptomatic NF-PNETs did not develop distant metastases nor died of disease. CONCLUSION: The 2010 grading system from the World Health Organization can be used to predict survival. Symptomatic small NF-PNETs that caused bile and/or @entity2 had poor outcome. In contrast, asymptomatic small NF-PNETs seem to have benign course, and are candidates for surveillance.

title: Outcomes of resected nonfunctional XXXX : Do size and symptoms matter?

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 occur not only in the choledochus but also everywhere in the biliary tree, and are frequently accompanied by pancreatobiliary malunion. Alonso-Lej and colleagues first classified choledochal cysts into three types, in 1959. Due to the recognition of @entity6 , we refined their classification into six types, in 1977, and this has become the reference. However, this classification does not include the concept of pancreatobiliary malunion and has caused some @entity4 , especially in regard to types Ic and @entity5 . Type Ic, showing fusiform dilatation, has a pancreatobiliary malunion and often extends continuously to the intrahepatic duct. @entity5 , with @entity6 , shows primary ductal stricture, especially around the hepatic hilum and umbilicus. The incidence of the stricture is considerably greater than was previously assumed, and upstream intrahepatic ducts often join the dilated duct, with distinct caliber change. @entity3 may develop primarily, due to the stricture, combined with weakness of the duct wall. This stricture can be corrected by portal dissection in the liver to obtain a large @entity2 . In @entity0 with @entity6 , we should carefully find the stricture by suitable cholangiograms, or by intraoperative cholangioscopy. Detecting the ductal stricture is obviously important, rather than classifying the cyst as type Ic or @entity5 .

title: Classification of congenital XXXX : special reference to type Ic and @entity5 with primary ductal stricture.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 occur not only in the choledochus but also everywhere in the biliary tree, and are frequently accompanied by pancreatobiliary malunion. Alonso-Lej and colleagues first classified choledochal cysts into three types, in 1959. Due to the recognition of @entity6 , we refined their classification into six types, in 1977, and this has become the reference. However, this classification does not include the concept of pancreatobiliary malunion and has caused some @entity4 , especially in regard to types Ic and @entity5 . Type Ic, showing fusiform dilatation, has a pancreatobiliary malunion and often extends continuously to the intrahepatic duct. @entity5 , with @entity6 , shows primary ductal stricture, especially around the hepatic hilum and umbilicus. The incidence of the stricture is considerably greater than was previously assumed, and upstream intrahepatic ducts often join the dilated duct, with distinct caliber change. @entity3 may develop primarily, due to the stricture, combined with weakness of the duct wall. This stricture can be corrected by portal dissection in the liver to obtain a large @entity2 . In @entity0 with @entity6 , we should carefully find the stricture by suitable cholangiograms, or by intraoperative cholangioscopy. Detecting the ductal stricture is obviously important, rather than classifying the cyst as type Ic or @entity5 .

title: Classification of congenital @entity1 : special reference to type Ic and XXXX with primary ductal stricture.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Early @entity1 can reshape deprived auditory regions to enable the processing of signals from the remaining intact sensory modalities. Cross-modal activation has been observed in auditory regions during non-auditory tasks in early deaf subjects. In hearing subjects, @entity0 can evoke activation of the visual cortex, which further contributes to behavioural performance. In early deaf subjects, however, whether and how auditory regions participate in @entity0 remains unclear. We hypothesized that auditory regions may be @entity0 processing and activation of auditory regions may contribute to the superior behavioural performance of early deaf subjects. In this study, 41 early deaf subjects (22 females and 19 males, age range: 20-26 years, age of onset of @entity1 < 2 years) and 40 age- and gender-matched hearing controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a visuo-spatial delayed recognition task that consisted of encoding, maintenance and recognition stages. The early deaf subjects exhibited faster reaction times on the spatial working memory task than did the hearing controls. Compared with hearing controls, deaf subjects exhibited increased activation in the superior temporal gyrus bilaterally during the recognition stage. This increased activation amplitude predicted faster and more accurate working memory performance in deaf subjects. Deaf subjects also had increased activation in the superior temporal gyrus bilaterally during the maintenance stage and in the right superior temporal gyrus during the encoding stage. These increased activation amplitude also predicted faster reaction times on the spatial working memory task in deaf subjects. These findings suggest that cross-modal plasticity occurs in auditory association areas in early deaf subjects. These areas are involved in @entity2 . Furthermore, amplitudes of cross-modal activation during the maintenance stage were positively correlated with the age of onset of hearing aid use and were negatively correlated with the percentage of lifetime hearing aid use in deaf subjects. These findings suggest that earlier and longer hearing aid use may inhibit cross-modal reorganization in early deaf subjects. Granger causality analysis revealed that, compared to the hearing controls, the deaf subjects had an enhanced net causal flow from the frontal eye field to the superior temporal gyrus. These findings indicate that a top-down mechanism may better account for the cross-modal activation of auditory regions in early deaf subjects.

title: Cross-modal activation of auditory regions during XXXX in early @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Early @entity1 can reshape deprived auditory regions to enable the processing of signals from the remaining intact sensory modalities. Cross-modal activation has been observed in auditory regions during non-auditory tasks in early deaf subjects. In hearing subjects, @entity0 can evoke activation of the visual cortex, which further contributes to behavioural performance. In early deaf subjects, however, whether and how auditory regions participate in @entity0 remains unclear. We hypothesized that auditory regions may be @entity0 processing and activation of auditory regions may contribute to the superior behavioural performance of early deaf subjects. In this study, 41 early deaf subjects (22 females and 19 males, age range: 20-26 years, age of onset of @entity1 < 2 years) and 40 age- and gender-matched hearing controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a visuo-spatial delayed recognition task that consisted of encoding, maintenance and recognition stages. The early deaf subjects exhibited faster reaction times on the spatial working memory task than did the hearing controls. Compared with hearing controls, deaf subjects exhibited increased activation in the superior temporal gyrus bilaterally during the recognition stage. This increased activation amplitude predicted faster and more accurate working memory performance in deaf subjects. Deaf subjects also had increased activation in the superior temporal gyrus bilaterally during the maintenance stage and in the right superior temporal gyrus during the encoding stage. These increased activation amplitude also predicted faster reaction times on the spatial working memory task in deaf subjects. These findings suggest that cross-modal plasticity occurs in auditory association areas in early deaf subjects. These areas are involved in @entity2 . Furthermore, amplitudes of cross-modal activation during the maintenance stage were positively correlated with the age of onset of hearing aid use and were negatively correlated with the percentage of lifetime hearing aid use in deaf subjects. These findings suggest that earlier and longer hearing aid use may inhibit cross-modal reorganization in early deaf subjects. Granger causality analysis revealed that, compared to the hearing controls, the deaf subjects had an enhanced net causal flow from the frontal eye field to the superior temporal gyrus. These findings indicate that a top-down mechanism may better account for the cross-modal activation of auditory regions in early deaf subjects.

title: Cross-modal activation of auditory regions during @entity2 in early XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The glutamatergic system has received considerable attention over recent years as a potential target for anxiolytic drugs. In spite of the pronounced anxiolytic-like effects of competitive and non-competitive antagonists of @entity3 receptors in animal models of @entity4 , these substances can not be regarded as potential anxiolytic drugs, mainly due to their side-effect profiles (eg, @entity7 , myorelaxation, @entity1 processes and psychotomimetic effects). Antagonists and partial agonists of the @entity9 , receptor inhibit function of the @entity3 receptor complex and evoke in animals an anxiolytic-like response. Although data concerning anti- @entity4 -like effects of @entity9 , receptor antagonists are not very promising, studies are underway to develop new, brain-penetrating agents devoid of side effects. Further developments are necessary to more fully elucidate the possible involvement of @entity2 / @entity10 receptors in @entity4 . The recent discovery of metabotropic @entity8 receptors, which modulate the function of the glutamatergic system, offers new hope for discovery of a new generation of anxiolytics. @entity11 , a highly selective, brain penetrable, noncompetitive mGlu5 receptor antagonist, evokes anxiolytic-like effects in several animal models of @entity4 , remaining remarkably free of side effects. @entity12 , a selective brain-penetrable group II mGlu receptor agonist, evokes marked anxiolytic-like effects in animal models of @entity4 . @entity12 causes mild sedation in @entity0 , does not disturb motor coordination and has no potential to cause @entity5 . Therefore mGlu receptor ligands may become the anxiolytics of the future, free from the side effects characteristic of @entity6 .

title: XXXX receptor ligands as anxiolytics.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a serious complication of @entity9 , often require the antibiotic administration, surgical resection or the transvaginal aspiration. Pneumoperitoneum is often associated with the bowel perforation. We reported one case with @entity2 and @entity7 that have been mistaken for a perforated bowel with concomitant @entity9 . CASE: A 30-year-old @entity1 Chinese @entity0 was transferred for diffused @entity6 , mild @entity3 , @entity5 , and low-grade @entity3 for 5 days. The sonography revealed a 5-cm @entity9 . The chest X-rays revealed the @entity7 . Under the impression of bowel perforation and concomitant @entity9 , the emergent laparotomy was performed and the @entity2 was resected. No evidence of @entity4 was present. Culture studies showed @entity8 without other bacteria flora. The postoperative course was uneventful. CONCLUSION: We concluded that, beside the bowel perforation, @entity2 should be considered when a @entity1 @entity0 presents with @entity7 and @entity9 .

title: XXXX presenting as @entity7 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a serious complication of @entity9 , often require the antibiotic administration, surgical resection or the transvaginal aspiration. Pneumoperitoneum is often associated with the bowel perforation. We reported one case with @entity2 and @entity7 that have been mistaken for a perforated bowel with concomitant @entity9 . CASE: A 30-year-old @entity1 Chinese @entity0 was transferred for diffused @entity6 , mild @entity3 , @entity5 , and low-grade @entity3 for 5 days. The sonography revealed a 5-cm @entity9 . The chest X-rays revealed the @entity7 . Under the impression of bowel perforation and concomitant @entity9 , the emergent laparotomy was performed and the @entity2 was resected. No evidence of @entity4 was present. Culture studies showed @entity8 without other bacteria flora. The postoperative course was uneventful. CONCLUSION: We concluded that, beside the bowel perforation, @entity2 should be considered when a @entity1 @entity0 presents with @entity7 and @entity9 .

title: @entity2 presenting as XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonparasitic @entity1 (NPSCs) are uncommon lesions of the spleen, many being reported in anecdotal fashion. Early classifications of this disorder have been based on the presence or absence of an epithelial lining, indicating either a congenital or traumatic etiology. This criterion has led to @entity3 and mistaken reporting because the lining alone is not a reliable criterion. STUDY DESIGN: Over a 28-year period, the author has observed and studied 23 @entity0 with NPSC. Special attention has been given to the role of @entity2 in the history, the nature (or absence) of a cyst lining, the gross pathology, and the preferred method of treatment. RESULTS: NPSC present as lesions with a very characteristic gross appearance and lining. The trabeculated interior can be lined with epidermoid, transitional, or mesothelial epithelium. Desquamation of the lining can lead to a spurious diagnosis, but careful search usually discloses the lining remnant. Although most NPSC in this series were treated by open partial splenectomy, the more recent approach by laparoscopic techniques offers great promise. CONCLUSIONS: A new classification of NPSC is offered, based on characteristic gross findings. NPSC are of congenital origin, with a lining derived from mesothelium. @entity2 does not play a primary role in pathogenesis. Cysts that are symptomatic or over 5 cm in diameter should be removed by partial splenectomy or near-total cystectomy "decapsulation," either by the open or laparoscopic approach.

title: Nonparasitic XXXX : pathogenesis, classification, and treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Due to the advances of radiological methods, an increased number of incidentally detected @entity4 is diagnosed. The reported excellent results of nephron-sparing surgery have promoted its application in @entity0 with a normal contralateral kidney. However, the risk of @entity1 recurrence and surgical complications after nephron-sparing surgery might be higher compared with radical nephrectomy. METHODS: In 89 @entity0 with @entity4 treated with radical nephrectomy, long-term renal function, morbidity, and survival were evaluated. The renal function was followed up regularly with serum @entity3 measurements. RESULTS: The cause-specific 5-year survival rate was 91.6%. There was neither local nor contralateral @entity2 recurrence in any @entity0 . Surgical complications were observed in 3% of the patients. Mean serum @entity3 after the nephrectomy was 123 mumol/l without further increase during 10 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Radical nephrectomy of @entity4 has low morbidity, excellent @entity1 control, and a high survival rate. For @entity0 with a normally functioning contralateral kidney the long-term renal function remained adequate. Based on these data, there is no convincing evidence justifying nephron-sparing surgery to be used routinely for @entity0 with a normally functioning contralateral kidney.

title: Radical nephrectomy is still preferable in the treatment of XXXX . A long-term follow-up study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is frequent in surgical @entity0 with @entity2 . Radiofrequency energy applied by means of surgical probes permits the reproduction of atriotomies described in the maze surgical procedure for the ablation of @entity4 in a fast, safe and efficient way. This study presents our initial experience in treatment of chronic @entity4 through radiofrequency performed in @entity0 with surgical @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHOD: From June to November 2000, 10 @entity0 , with surgical indications of valvulopathy, were intraoperatively treated through radiofrequency for its @entity4 . Ablations were performed in the right auricle from the epicardium before starting extra corporeal circulation, and in the left auricle from the endocardium, while under circulation. Radiofrequency was applied through a surgical multielectrode probe. RESULTS: Eight @entity0 (80%) presented some type of postoperative @entity3 , with relapse of @entity5 in 3 @entity0 and flutter in another one. At discharge, none of the @entity0 presented relapse of chronic @entity4 . There was no in-hospital mortality. After a mean follow-up of 3 months (range 1-6), 8 @entity0 (80%) have recovered and maintained sinus rhythm. Only one @entity0 has re-established echocardiographic biatrial contraction. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative radiofrequency has allowed us to perform the @entity1 , in both auricles, in a simple way, with an initial effectiveness of 80%. Epicardial ablation of the right auricle was simple and safe. Although no @entity0 presented relapse of chronic @entity4 at hospital discharge, postoperative @entity3 have continued to be the main postsurgical problem.

title: [Surgery ablation of XXXX with epicardial and endocardial biauricular radiofrequency: initial experience].

answer: @entity4


abstract: In a replication and extension of previous research (Tenhula _ Sweet, 1996), the current study investigated the utility of the Category Test (CT) for detecting feigned @entity1 . Ninety-two undergraduate @entity0 were randomly assigned to one of three groups and administered the CT. A Coached Simulator group was instructed to simulate @entity1 and was provided test-taking strategies to avoid detection. An Uncoached Simulator group was simply instructed to feign impairment. A control group was instructed to perform optimally. In addition, the CT results of 30 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 were analyzed. The results largely supported the utility of five CT malingering indicators identified by Tenhula and Sweet: (a) number of errors on subtests I and II, (b) number of errors on subtest VII, (c) total @entity3 , (d) number of errors on 19 "easy" items, and (e) number of criteria exceeded. Correct Classification rates of the five indicators for Uncoached Simulators and optimal performance controls ranged from 87% to 98%. Correct Classification rates for the @entity2 @entity0 ranged from 70% to 100%. In addition, significantly more Coached Simulators were misclassified as nonsimulators on four of the CT malingering indicators, relative to their Uncoached counterparts. A decision rule of > 1 error on subtests I and II was consistently the most accurate malingering indicator, regardless of degree of @entity4 or presence of @entity2 . This indicator correctly classified 76% of all simulators and 100% of the optimal performance controls and @entity2 @entity0 . Implications of providing @entity0 with test-taking strategies and the utility of these CT malingering indicators for various populations are discussed.

title: Effects of XXXX on detecting feigned @entity1 with the Category test.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In a replication and extension of previous research (Tenhula _ Sweet, 1996), the current study investigated the utility of the Category Test (CT) for detecting feigned @entity1 . Ninety-two undergraduate @entity0 were randomly assigned to one of three groups and administered the CT. A Coached Simulator group was instructed to simulate @entity1 and was provided test-taking strategies to avoid detection. An Uncoached Simulator group was simply instructed to feign impairment. A control group was instructed to perform optimally. In addition, the CT results of 30 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 were analyzed. The results largely supported the utility of five CT malingering indicators identified by Tenhula and Sweet: (a) number of errors on subtests I and II, (b) number of errors on subtest VII, (c) total @entity3 , (d) number of errors on 19 "easy" items, and (e) number of criteria exceeded. Correct Classification rates of the five indicators for Uncoached Simulators and optimal performance controls ranged from 87% to 98%. Correct Classification rates for the @entity2 @entity0 ranged from 70% to 100%. In addition, significantly more Coached Simulators were misclassified as nonsimulators on four of the CT malingering indicators, relative to their Uncoached counterparts. A decision rule of > 1 error on subtests I and II was consistently the most accurate malingering indicator, regardless of degree of @entity4 or presence of @entity2 . This indicator correctly classified 76% of all simulators and 100% of the optimal performance controls and @entity2 @entity0 . Implications of providing @entity0 with test-taking strategies and the utility of these CT malingering indicators for various populations are discussed.

title: Effects of @entity4 on detecting feigned XXXX with the Category test.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Acute @entity6 can be rapidly detected on diffusion-weighted images. The apparent diffusion coefficient ( @entity7 ) depends on the stage of cytotoxic @entity1 and water content in the infarcted parenchyma. The purpose of this study is to determine the time course of @entity7 during the first days of @entity4 . These data should make it possible to distinguish between multiple @entity3 and a single progressive @entity5 . Eight @entity0 with clinically diagnosed @entity6 were examined by diffusion-weighted MRI from 2 to 20 h after onset of symptoms. Daily control scans were performed for up to 10 days. @entity7 values were analyzed from 55 MRI studies. Furthermore, @entity7 was measured in the tissue which showed a hyperintense signal at the first examination and in the contralateral tissue. White and gray matter were analyzed separately. Data were expressed as the ratio @entity7 ( @entity7 ) of lesion to control region of interest. All @entity0 showed a uniform reduction in @entity7 from the first hours of @entity3 and decreasing to the 3rd day. The @entity7 increased again from the 4th day up to the point of pseudo-normalization on day 9. The gray matter showed a slightly faster increase than the white matter. @entity7 shows significant changes in the first days after @entity3 , following a rather uniform time course. Together with T2-weighted MRI this makes it possible to differentiate between hyperacute, acute, and @entity3 . Furthermore, the age of an @entity2 can be determined and @entity3 can be distinguished from a single progressive @entity3 .

title: Serial analysis of the apparent diffusion coefficient time course in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Acute @entity6 can be rapidly detected on diffusion-weighted images. The apparent diffusion coefficient ( @entity7 ) depends on the stage of cytotoxic @entity1 and water content in the infarcted parenchyma. The purpose of this study is to determine the time course of @entity7 during the first days of @entity4 . These data should make it possible to distinguish between multiple @entity3 and a single progressive @entity5 . Eight @entity0 with clinically diagnosed @entity6 were examined by diffusion-weighted MRI from 2 to 20 h after onset of symptoms. Daily control scans were performed for up to 10 days. @entity7 values were analyzed from 55 MRI studies. Furthermore, @entity7 was measured in the tissue which showed a hyperintense signal at the first examination and in the contralateral tissue. White and gray matter were analyzed separately. Data were expressed as the ratio @entity7 ( @entity7 ) of lesion to control region of interest. All @entity0 showed a uniform reduction in @entity7 from the first hours of @entity3 and decreasing to the 3rd day. The @entity7 increased again from the 4th day up to the point of pseudo-normalization on day 9. The gray matter showed a slightly faster increase than the white matter. @entity7 shows significant changes in the first days after @entity3 , following a rather uniform time course. Together with T2-weighted MRI this makes it possible to differentiate between hyperacute, acute, and @entity3 . Furthermore, the age of an @entity2 can be determined and @entity3 can be distinguished from a single progressive @entity3 .

title: Serial analysis of the apparent diffusion coefficient time course in XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cell-based therapy may some day be a therapeutic alternative to liver transplantation. Recent observations indicating that hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into hepatocytes have opened new therapeutic prospects. However, the clinical relevance of this phenomenon is unknown. We have previously developed a strategy based on the protective effect of @entity1 against Fas-mediated apoptosis to selectively amplify a small number of hepatocytes in vivo. We now show that this approach can be used to amplify a minor population of bone marrow-derived hepatocytes. Normal @entity0 were transplanted with unfractionated bone marrow cells from transgenic animals expressing @entity1 under the control of a liver-specific promoter. Recipients were then submitted to weekly injections of the anti-Fas antibody, Jo2. Upon sacrifice, the liver of the recipients showed bone marrow-derived clusters of mature hepatocytes expressing @entity1 , which showed that the hepatocyte progeny of a genetically modified bone marrow can be selectively expanded in vivo. In contrast, no @entity1 expression could be detected without the selective pressure of Jo2, suggesting that differentiation of bone marrow cells into mature hepatocytes is very inefficient under physiologic conditions. We conclude that a selection strategy will be required to achieve a therapeutic level of liver repopulation with bone marrow-derived hepatocytes.

title: Bone marrow transplantation in XXXX leads to a minor population of hepatocytes that can be selectively amplified in vivo.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Most nurses function as generalists; however, some function in "expert" roles based on informal training as Resource Nurses. Training usually focuses on assessment and management of a specific problem, with the goal of creating a readily available "expert" for every unit. The primary activity of the Resource Nurse is to provide expert care, education, and consultation for @entity0 , families, and staff. The Iowa-Veterans Affairs Nursing Research Consortium (IVANRC) addressed the need to manage acutely confused/delirious clients by training staff nurse volunteers (N = 129) from all units of the four Iowa Veterans Affairs facilities to act as unit-based acute @entity1 Resource Nurses (ACRNs). A day-long workshop included didactic content addressing etiology and presentation of acute @entity1 (AC), use of the IVANRC protocol to assess for AC, and basic information on treatment and management of AC. The nurses also participated in an efficacy-based experiential learning program on AC assessment that involved demonstrating assessment of AC and role enactment practice exercises in which ACRNs practiced the assessment. A test of knowledge of AC and perceived level of confidence in assessing acutely confused @entity0 was administered before and after completion of the program. Paired t tests comparing pre- and posttest scores showed that knowledge and confidence significantly increased for the nurses as a result of their participation in the educational program. Eighteen months later, a second program was conducted to update current ACRNs and train additional RNs to enact this role. Pre- and posttest scores were obtained, with paired t tests showing a significant increase in knowledge for the @entity0 . Twenty-four (49%) of the second program attendees had attended the first program. These @entity0 had significantly higher scores on the second program pretest than those @entity0 who had not attended the previous program, indicating a retention of knowledge from the first program.

title: Training of acute XXXX resource nurses. Knowledge, perceived confidence, and role.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct with a cost analysis of the @entity2 screening program in Beijing, and provide data evidence for decision making. METHODS: Based on stratified cluster sampling method, we carried out a 2-stage @entity2 screening program within 6 districts, Dongcheng, Xicheng, Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai and Shijingshan, of Beijing city between October, 2012 to May. 2013. The first stage of the program was to conducting a @entity1 risk level evaluation for community residents who were forty years older and the second stage's task was to providing clinical exam for those high risk @entity0 who were selected from the first stage. There were about 12 953 residents were involved in this program. We calculated the main cost of the @entity2 screen program in Beijing. Then estimate the cost of detecting one @entity2 @entity0 of this program and compare it with the total treatment cost for a @entity0 . RESULT: 2 487 high risk residents were selected by the first stage and 1 055 of them made appointment for the colonoscopy exam but only 375 accepted the exam, participate rate was 35.5%. 9 @entity1 @entity0 and 71 pre- @entity1 @entity0 were found at the second stage, the detection rate were 69.2/100 000 and 546/100 000, respectively. The direct input for this @entity1 screening program was 227 100 CNY and the transport expense was 4 200 CNY in the calculations. The cost for detecting one @entity1 @entity0 was about 19 900 CNY. Comparing with the total medical care cost of a @entity1 @entity0 (1 282 800 CNY), especially for those have been diagnosed as @entity1 , the screening program (cost 842 800 CNY) might help to reduce the total health expenditure about 128 700 CNY, based on 12 953 local residents age above 40 years old. CONCLUSION: An colonoscopy based @entity2 screening program showed its function on medical expenditure saving and might have advantage on health social labor creating.

title: [Cost analysis of the XXXX screen program in Beijing].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Serum @entity3 ( @entity3 ) values were estimated in samples from 125 @entity0 with @entity5 to examine the specificity and sensitivity of reduced and raised values in the diagnosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) respectively. Additionally, @entity3 values were estimated in samples from 49 @entity0 with primary thrombocythaemia (PT) to determine whether @entity3 values were altered. We found high specificity (92%) and moderate sensitivity (64%) of low serum @entity3 values (below the reference range) in the diagnosis of @entity4 , and also poor sensitivity (47%) of raised @entity3 values in the diagnosis of @entity5 . Raised @entity3 values were not observed in @entity4 @entity0 with Hb > 14.0 g/dl and were only observed in one @entity4 @entity0 with a relatively low Hb recovering from a gastro-intestinal @entity1 . Raised @entity3 values occurred in some @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), mainly at normal (rather than raised) Hb values (< 16 g/dl). Low @entity3 values occurred in a few @entity5 , @entity5 and @entity5 @entity0 at higher Hb values (> 16 g/dl). Low @entity3 values were less specific for @entity4 when the Hb was raised, while raised @entity3 values were less specific for @entity5 when the Hb was not raised. Approximately one third of @entity0 with PT had a low (below the reference range) @entity3 value, this being associated with a high normal Hb (> 14 g/dl, P < 0.001) and showing a trend towards association with absence of treatment. The high normal Hb values were in turn associated with an increased incidence of @entity2 events (P < 0.05). These findings could influence the future investigation and management of PT @entity0 .

title: Serum XXXX values in erythrocytoses and in primary thrombocythaemia.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Spasticity is only one of several components of the @entity6 , known collectively as the 'positive' phenomena, that are characterized by muscle overactivity. Other components include @entity2 , clonus, the clasp-knife phenomenon, flexor and extensor spasms, a Babinski sign, and @entity4 . Spasticity is a form of @entity5 due to hyperexcitable tonic stretch reflexes. It is distinguished from @entity3 by its dependence upon the speed of the muscle stretch and by the presence of other positive UMN signs. Hyperactive spinal reflexes mediate most of these positive phenomena, while others are due to disordered control of @entity1 or abnormal efferent drive. An @entity6 disturbs the balance of supraspinal inhibitory and excitatory inputs, producing a state of net disinhibition of the spinal reflexes. These include proprioceptive (stretch) and nociceptive (flexor withdrawal and extensor) reflexes. The clinical syndrome resulting from an @entity6 depends more upon its location and extent, and the time since it occurred, than on the pathology of the lesion. However, the change in spinal reflex excitability cannot simply be due to an imbalance in supraspinal control. The delayed onset after the lesion and the frequent reduction in reflex excitability over time, suggests plasticity in the central nervous system. Knowledge of the electrophysiology and neurochemistry of spinal reflexes, together with the action of antispasticity drugs, helps us to understand the pathophysiology of @entity0 .

title: The pathophysiology of XXXX .

answer: @entity0