abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies on kidney transplantation have thus far mainly dealt with surgical techniques, immunology, and transplant tolerance. Disturbed mineral metabolism after renal denervation has not received much attention. Basic physiological research in short-term experiments has shown that experimental renal denervation in @entity0 leads to parathormone ( @entity7 )-independent @entity9 ( @entity9 ). @entity9 and other metabolic complications also have been described after clinical kidney transplantation. Furthermore, there is an unexpected increase in the risk of @entity1 . However, these studies have examined an organism pre-damaged with regard to the parathyroid and immunosuppression. Experimental investigations in syngeneic @entity0 were performed to see whether @entity9 also occurs after transplantation and thus after denervation and which target organs are involved. METHODS: Thirty-six male Lewis @entity0 subjected to laparotomy (n = 12), unilateral nephrectomy (n = 12), or unilateral transplantation and bilateral nephrectomy (n = 12) were observed for 18 weeks. RESULTS: Animals that underwent transplantation had a significant loss of @entity4 in the urine not associated with decreased @entity2 , @entity4 , or @entity5 in bone. Stability test showed no deterioration, despite a slight increase in the bone parameters of alkaline phosphatase, @entity6 , and @entity3 with unchanged calciotropic hormones. @entity8 was not observed. Parallel to @entity9 , there was a compensatory reduction in fecal @entity4 excretion. CONCLUSIONS: The loss of @entity4 after clinical kidney transplantation in the predamaged parathyroid hormone control system as well as immunosuppression and a surprising increase in the incidence of @entity1 may be explained by the denervation-related loss of @entity4 . The lack of intestinal counter-regulation could be an important pathomechanism.

title: @entity9 after kidney transplantation in syngeneic @entity0 : effects on XXXX and bone metabolism?

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies on kidney transplantation have thus far mainly dealt with surgical techniques, immunology, and transplant tolerance. Disturbed mineral metabolism after renal denervation has not received much attention. Basic physiological research in short-term experiments has shown that experimental renal denervation in @entity0 leads to parathormone ( @entity7 )-independent @entity9 ( @entity9 ). @entity9 and other metabolic complications also have been described after clinical kidney transplantation. Furthermore, there is an unexpected increase in the risk of @entity1 . However, these studies have examined an organism pre-damaged with regard to the parathyroid and immunosuppression. Experimental investigations in syngeneic @entity0 were performed to see whether @entity9 also occurs after transplantation and thus after denervation and which target organs are involved. METHODS: Thirty-six male Lewis @entity0 subjected to laparotomy (n = 12), unilateral nephrectomy (n = 12), or unilateral transplantation and bilateral nephrectomy (n = 12) were observed for 18 weeks. RESULTS: Animals that underwent transplantation had a significant loss of @entity4 in the urine not associated with decreased @entity2 , @entity4 , or @entity5 in bone. Stability test showed no deterioration, despite a slight increase in the bone parameters of alkaline phosphatase, @entity6 , and @entity3 with unchanged calciotropic hormones. @entity8 was not observed. Parallel to @entity9 , there was a compensatory reduction in fecal @entity4 excretion. CONCLUSIONS: The loss of @entity4 after clinical kidney transplantation in the predamaged parathyroid hormone control system as well as immunosuppression and a surprising increase in the incidence of @entity1 may be explained by the denervation-related loss of @entity4 . The lack of intestinal counter-regulation could be an important pathomechanism.

title: @entity9 after kidney transplantation in syngeneic XXXX : effects on @entity8 and bone metabolism?

answer: @entity0


abstract: Korea has industrialized since the 1970s. @entity5 in coal miners was the most common @entity6 in the 1970s to 1980s. With the industrialization, the use of many chemicals have increased since the 1970s. As a consequence, there were outbreaks of @entity6 caused by poisonous chemicals, such as @entity8 , solvent poisoning and @entity7 in the late 1980s and early 1990s with civil movement for democracy. Many actions have been taken for prevention by the government, employers and employees or unions. In the 1990s most chemical related diseases and @entity5 have rapidly decreased due to improving work environment. In the late 1990s, @entity1 related to job stress or work overloads have abruptly increased especially after the economic crisis in 1998. After the year 2000, @entity2 became a major problem especially in assembly lines in the manufacturing industry and they were expanded to the service industry. @entity4 related to job stress have increased. @entity3 increased in health care workers and afforestation workers. Occupational @entity0 are increasing because of their long latency, although the use of carcinogenic substances are reduced, limited, and even banned.

title: XXXX in Korea.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity10 (ALCAR) plays an integral role in the transport of long chain @entity9 across the inner mitochondrial membrane for oxidative phosphorylation. In non- @entity0 primates, administration of ALCAR was reported to prevent @entity11 ( @entity11 )-induced @entity1 to the substantia nigra. The present study investigates the effects of ALCAR against the @entity4 of @entity13 ( @entity14 ), the neurotoxic metabolite of @entity11 , in @entity2 brain @entity6 cells. @entity14 , a potent mitochondrial toxin, induced a dose-dependent reduction in mitochondrial @entity3 consumption and cell viability, corresponding to an accelerated rate of cellular @entity5 utilization. Treatment with ALCAR, but not @entity12 , prevented @entity14 @entity4 and partially restored intracellular @entity7 concentrations, but did not reverse the @entity14 -induced loss of mitochondrial @entity3 consumption. These data indicate that protective effects are independent of oxidative phosphorylation. ALCAR had a substantial @entity5 sparing effect in both controls and @entity14 -treated groups, demonstrating a potential role in enhancing @entity5 utilization through glycolysis. Antagonizing the entry of @entity9 into the mitochondria, with either insulin or @entity8 , did not interfere with ALCAR protection against @entity14 . On the contrary, insulin potentiated the protective effects of ALCAR. In conclusion, these data indicate that ALCAR protects against @entity14 @entity4 , independent of mitochondrial oxidative capacity or beta-oxidation of @entity9 . In contrast, the protective effects of ALCAR appear to involve potentiation of energy derived from @entity5 through anaerobic glycolysis.

title: @entity10 cytoprotection against @entity13 XXXX in @entity6 cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity10 (ALCAR) plays an integral role in the transport of long chain @entity9 across the inner mitochondrial membrane for oxidative phosphorylation. In non- @entity0 primates, administration of ALCAR was reported to prevent @entity11 ( @entity11 )-induced @entity1 to the substantia nigra. The present study investigates the effects of ALCAR against the @entity4 of @entity13 ( @entity14 ), the neurotoxic metabolite of @entity11 , in @entity2 brain @entity6 cells. @entity14 , a potent mitochondrial toxin, induced a dose-dependent reduction in mitochondrial @entity3 consumption and cell viability, corresponding to an accelerated rate of cellular @entity5 utilization. Treatment with ALCAR, but not @entity12 , prevented @entity14 @entity4 and partially restored intracellular @entity7 concentrations, but did not reverse the @entity14 -induced loss of mitochondrial @entity3 consumption. These data indicate that protective effects are independent of oxidative phosphorylation. ALCAR had a substantial @entity5 sparing effect in both controls and @entity14 -treated groups, demonstrating a potential role in enhancing @entity5 utilization through glycolysis. Antagonizing the entry of @entity9 into the mitochondria, with either insulin or @entity8 , did not interfere with ALCAR protection against @entity14 . On the contrary, insulin potentiated the protective effects of ALCAR. In conclusion, these data indicate that ALCAR protects against @entity14 @entity4 , independent of mitochondrial oxidative capacity or beta-oxidation of @entity9 . In contrast, the protective effects of ALCAR appear to involve potentiation of energy derived from @entity5 through anaerobic glycolysis.

title: @entity10 cytoprotection against @entity13 @entity4 in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity10 (ALCAR) plays an integral role in the transport of long chain @entity9 across the inner mitochondrial membrane for oxidative phosphorylation. In non- @entity0 primates, administration of ALCAR was reported to prevent @entity11 ( @entity11 )-induced @entity1 to the substantia nigra. The present study investigates the effects of ALCAR against the @entity4 of @entity13 ( @entity14 ), the neurotoxic metabolite of @entity11 , in @entity2 brain @entity6 cells. @entity14 , a potent mitochondrial toxin, induced a dose-dependent reduction in mitochondrial @entity3 consumption and cell viability, corresponding to an accelerated rate of cellular @entity5 utilization. Treatment with ALCAR, but not @entity12 , prevented @entity14 @entity4 and partially restored intracellular @entity7 concentrations, but did not reverse the @entity14 -induced loss of mitochondrial @entity3 consumption. These data indicate that protective effects are independent of oxidative phosphorylation. ALCAR had a substantial @entity5 sparing effect in both controls and @entity14 -treated groups, demonstrating a potential role in enhancing @entity5 utilization through glycolysis. Antagonizing the entry of @entity9 into the mitochondria, with either insulin or @entity8 , did not interfere with ALCAR protection against @entity14 . On the contrary, insulin potentiated the protective effects of ALCAR. In conclusion, these data indicate that ALCAR protects against @entity14 @entity4 , independent of mitochondrial oxidative capacity or beta-oxidation of @entity9 . In contrast, the protective effects of ALCAR appear to involve potentiation of energy derived from @entity5 through anaerobic glycolysis.

title: XXXX cytoprotection against @entity13 @entity4 in @entity6 cells.

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity10 (ALCAR) plays an integral role in the transport of long chain @entity9 across the inner mitochondrial membrane for oxidative phosphorylation. In non- @entity0 primates, administration of ALCAR was reported to prevent @entity11 ( @entity11 )-induced @entity1 to the substantia nigra. The present study investigates the effects of ALCAR against the @entity4 of @entity13 ( @entity14 ), the neurotoxic metabolite of @entity11 , in @entity2 brain @entity6 cells. @entity14 , a potent mitochondrial toxin, induced a dose-dependent reduction in mitochondrial @entity3 consumption and cell viability, corresponding to an accelerated rate of cellular @entity5 utilization. Treatment with ALCAR, but not @entity12 , prevented @entity14 @entity4 and partially restored intracellular @entity7 concentrations, but did not reverse the @entity14 -induced loss of mitochondrial @entity3 consumption. These data indicate that protective effects are independent of oxidative phosphorylation. ALCAR had a substantial @entity5 sparing effect in both controls and @entity14 -treated groups, demonstrating a potential role in enhancing @entity5 utilization through glycolysis. Antagonizing the entry of @entity9 into the mitochondria, with either insulin or @entity8 , did not interfere with ALCAR protection against @entity14 . On the contrary, insulin potentiated the protective effects of ALCAR. In conclusion, these data indicate that ALCAR protects against @entity14 @entity4 , independent of mitochondrial oxidative capacity or beta-oxidation of @entity9 . In contrast, the protective effects of ALCAR appear to involve potentiation of energy derived from @entity5 through anaerobic glycolysis.

title: @entity10 cytoprotection against XXXX @entity4 in @entity6 cells.

answer: @entity13


abstract: The purpose of this study was to review the existing studies on @entity0 in Korea, estimate the prevalence of workers exposed to carcinogens, and determine the population attributable fraction (PAF) of @entity1 . Two case series and 4 case reports were reviewed. Using official statistics, the prevalence of @entity2 exposure and ionizing radiation exposure was estimated. Based on the prevalence of exposure and the relative risk, The PAF of @entity1 was calculated. Between 1996 and 2005, 51 cases of LHP @entity0 were reported from the compensation system. Greater than 50% of occupational LHP @entity0 was @entity1 , and the most important cause was @entity2 . In a cohort study, the standardized incidence ratio was 2.71 (95% CI, 0.56-7.91). The prevalence of exposure was 2.5% and 2.2% in 1995 and 2000, respectively. Using the 1995 prevalence, 3.6-4.8% and 0.1% of cases with @entity1 were attributable to @entity2 and ionizing radiation exposure, respectively, which resulted in 39.7-51.4 cases per year. @entity2 is the most important cause of @entity1 in Korea. Considering the estimated PAF in this study, the annual number of occupational LHP @entity0 (51 cases during 10-yr period), might be underreported within the compensation system.

title: Occupational XXXX in Korea.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 is commonly associated with @entity1 and @entity8 . However, when no @entity1 is seen and the @entity0 is non-responsive to conventional peptic ulcer treatment, other etiologies need to be explored. We report a case of @entity6 due to duodenal @entity3 . The @entity0 is a 31 year old male who presented with 1 year history of recurrent @entity2 and an @entity4 . Endoscopy revealed @entity5 . Computed tomography scan showed pyloroantral thickening. The @entity0 was referred to the surgery service and underwent an exploratory laparotomy and gastrojejunostomy. A duodenal mass and @entity7 were noted on exploration and biopsy revealed a tuberculous origin. The @entity0 was started on anti- @entity3 medications and had improved on discharge. @entity3 is rare and pyloric stenosis resulting from @entity3 is even rarer. This, however, should be considered in @entity0 who come from areas where the disease is endemic.

title: @entity3 presenting as XXXX : A case report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 is commonly associated with @entity1 and @entity8 . However, when no @entity1 is seen and the @entity0 is non-responsive to conventional peptic ulcer treatment, other etiologies need to be explored. We report a case of @entity6 due to duodenal @entity3 . The @entity0 is a 31 year old male who presented with 1 year history of recurrent @entity2 and an @entity4 . Endoscopy revealed @entity5 . Computed tomography scan showed pyloroantral thickening. The @entity0 was referred to the surgery service and underwent an exploratory laparotomy and gastrojejunostomy. A duodenal mass and @entity7 were noted on exploration and biopsy revealed a tuberculous origin. The @entity0 was started on anti- @entity3 medications and had improved on discharge. @entity3 is rare and pyloric stenosis resulting from @entity3 is even rarer. This, however, should be considered in @entity0 who come from areas where the disease is endemic.

title: XXXX presenting as @entity6 : A case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results between early and delayed operative treatment in @entity0 with @entity1 @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Thirty-five @entity0 with a @entity1 @entity2 who have been treated surgically during a 4-year period were included in the study. The results of early versus delayed repair of @entity1 rotator @entity2 were assessed using the Constant and UCLA scores. In addition, all @entity0 underwent a postoperative MRI to evaluate repair integrity. Early repair (within 3  weeks) was performed in 15 @entity0 (group I) and delayed repair (after 3  weeks) in the rest 20 @entity0 (group II). The time interval between injury and operation was 12 and 131  days on average for group I and II, respectively. RESULTS: Follow-up time was 34 and 38  months for group I and II, respectively. Postoperatively, the UCLA score was 31 and 26 (P  <  0.05) for group I and II, respectively. The Constant score was 82 and 70 (P  <  0.05) for group I and II, respectively. Range of motion was significantly better in group I. According to MRI, 5 @entity0 (33%) in the group I and 7 @entity0 (35%) in the group II had a retear. CONCLUSIONS: Early repair of a @entity1 @entity2 provides better results in terms of shoulder function in comparison with a delayed repair. A delayed diagnosis of a @entity1 @entity2 leads to difficulties in surgery and less good results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic, retrospective, comparative study.

title: A comparison of early versus delayed repair of XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results between early and delayed operative treatment in @entity0 with @entity1 @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Thirty-five @entity0 with a @entity1 @entity2 who have been treated surgically during a 4-year period were included in the study. The results of early versus delayed repair of @entity1 rotator @entity2 were assessed using the Constant and UCLA scores. In addition, all @entity0 underwent a postoperative MRI to evaluate repair integrity. Early repair (within 3  weeks) was performed in 15 @entity0 (group I) and delayed repair (after 3  weeks) in the rest 20 @entity0 (group II). The time interval between injury and operation was 12 and 131  days on average for group I and II, respectively. RESULTS: Follow-up time was 34 and 38  months for group I and II, respectively. Postoperatively, the UCLA score was 31 and 26 (P  <  0.05) for group I and II, respectively. The Constant score was 82 and 70 (P  <  0.05) for group I and II, respectively. Range of motion was significantly better in group I. According to MRI, 5 @entity0 (33%) in the group I and 7 @entity0 (35%) in the group II had a retear. CONCLUSIONS: Early repair of a @entity1 @entity2 provides better results in terms of shoulder function in comparison with a delayed repair. A delayed diagnosis of a @entity1 @entity2 leads to difficulties in surgery and less good results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic, retrospective, comparative study.

title: A comparison of early versus delayed repair of @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The angiogenic factors @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity3 ( @entity4 ) play a central role in the process of angiogenesis. We evaluated the association of free @entity4 and free @entity1 levels and the risk of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) among Tunisian Arab @entity0 , and established the range of @entity1 and @entity4 in normal healthy pregnancies, between 24 and 42weeks of gestation. This retrospective case-control study included 345 @entity0 with @entity2 , and 289 @entity0 with uncomplicated pregnancies. @entity4 and @entity1 plasma levels were quantitated by commercially-available ELISA. Compared to control @entity0 , plasma @entity4 concentrations were lower in @entity0 with @entity2 at all gestation age intervals (P<0.0001), compared to @entity1 levels which were significantly lower in @entity0 with @entity2 but only during early gestation age intervals ([29-32[ and [32-35[). High odds for developing @entity2 , and correspondingly higher associations, were associated with low @entity4 values (less than the 5(th) percentile), at all gestation age intervals. The only exception was recorded for the [29-32 [interval, which was not statistically significant. @entity4 testing, recorded at 29-37weeks of gestation, had a higher specificity (93-100%) than sensitivity, and the positive predictive values ranged from 90% to 100% for 24-37weeks of gestation. This indicates that it mainly detects non- @entity2 healthy @entity0 as well, and thus may be useful as a screening test, though currently unreliable for diagnostic purposes. Reduced @entity4 levels during different gestation age intervals, and reduced @entity1 levels during early gestation age intervals are also associated with subsequent development of @entity2 in our population; the gestational age interval adjusted-5(th) percentiles of @entity4 provide reference ranges for this marker in normal pregnancy.

title: @entity3 and XXXX serum levels in Tunisian Arab @entity0 with suspected @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The angiogenic factors @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity3 ( @entity4 ) play a central role in the process of angiogenesis. We evaluated the association of free @entity4 and free @entity1 levels and the risk of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) among Tunisian Arab @entity0 , and established the range of @entity1 and @entity4 in normal healthy pregnancies, between 24 and 42weeks of gestation. This retrospective case-control study included 345 @entity0 with @entity2 , and 289 @entity0 with uncomplicated pregnancies. @entity4 and @entity1 plasma levels were quantitated by commercially-available ELISA. Compared to control @entity0 , plasma @entity4 concentrations were lower in @entity0 with @entity2 at all gestation age intervals (P<0.0001), compared to @entity1 levels which were significantly lower in @entity0 with @entity2 but only during early gestation age intervals ([29-32[ and [32-35[). High odds for developing @entity2 , and correspondingly higher associations, were associated with low @entity4 values (less than the 5(th) percentile), at all gestation age intervals. The only exception was recorded for the [29-32 [interval, which was not statistically significant. @entity4 testing, recorded at 29-37weeks of gestation, had a higher specificity (93-100%) than sensitivity, and the positive predictive values ranged from 90% to 100% for 24-37weeks of gestation. This indicates that it mainly detects non- @entity2 healthy @entity0 as well, and thus may be useful as a screening test, though currently unreliable for diagnostic purposes. Reduced @entity4 levels during different gestation age intervals, and reduced @entity1 levels during early gestation age intervals are also associated with subsequent development of @entity2 in our population; the gestational age interval adjusted-5(th) percentiles of @entity4 provide reference ranges for this marker in normal pregnancy.

title: @entity3 and @entity1 serum levels in Tunisian Arab @entity0 with suspected XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The angiogenic factors @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity3 ( @entity4 ) play a central role in the process of angiogenesis. We evaluated the association of free @entity4 and free @entity1 levels and the risk of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) among Tunisian Arab @entity0 , and established the range of @entity1 and @entity4 in normal healthy pregnancies, between 24 and 42weeks of gestation. This retrospective case-control study included 345 @entity0 with @entity2 , and 289 @entity0 with uncomplicated pregnancies. @entity4 and @entity1 plasma levels were quantitated by commercially-available ELISA. Compared to control @entity0 , plasma @entity4 concentrations were lower in @entity0 with @entity2 at all gestation age intervals (P<0.0001), compared to @entity1 levels which were significantly lower in @entity0 with @entity2 but only during early gestation age intervals ([29-32[ and [32-35[). High odds for developing @entity2 , and correspondingly higher associations, were associated with low @entity4 values (less than the 5(th) percentile), at all gestation age intervals. The only exception was recorded for the [29-32 [interval, which was not statistically significant. @entity4 testing, recorded at 29-37weeks of gestation, had a higher specificity (93-100%) than sensitivity, and the positive predictive values ranged from 90% to 100% for 24-37weeks of gestation. This indicates that it mainly detects non- @entity2 healthy @entity0 as well, and thus may be useful as a screening test, though currently unreliable for diagnostic purposes. Reduced @entity4 levels during different gestation age intervals, and reduced @entity1 levels during early gestation age intervals are also associated with subsequent development of @entity2 in our population; the gestational age interval adjusted-5(th) percentiles of @entity4 provide reference ranges for this marker in normal pregnancy.

title: XXXX and @entity1 serum levels in Tunisian Arab @entity0 with suspected @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The angiogenic factors @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity3 ( @entity4 ) play a central role in the process of angiogenesis. We evaluated the association of free @entity4 and free @entity1 levels and the risk of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) among Tunisian Arab @entity0 , and established the range of @entity1 and @entity4 in normal healthy pregnancies, between 24 and 42weeks of gestation. This retrospective case-control study included 345 @entity0 with @entity2 , and 289 @entity0 with uncomplicated pregnancies. @entity4 and @entity1 plasma levels were quantitated by commercially-available ELISA. Compared to control @entity0 , plasma @entity4 concentrations were lower in @entity0 with @entity2 at all gestation age intervals (P<0.0001), compared to @entity1 levels which were significantly lower in @entity0 with @entity2 but only during early gestation age intervals ([29-32[ and [32-35[). High odds for developing @entity2 , and correspondingly higher associations, were associated with low @entity4 values (less than the 5(th) percentile), at all gestation age intervals. The only exception was recorded for the [29-32 [interval, which was not statistically significant. @entity4 testing, recorded at 29-37weeks of gestation, had a higher specificity (93-100%) than sensitivity, and the positive predictive values ranged from 90% to 100% for 24-37weeks of gestation. This indicates that it mainly detects non- @entity2 healthy @entity0 as well, and thus may be useful as a screening test, though currently unreliable for diagnostic purposes. Reduced @entity4 levels during different gestation age intervals, and reduced @entity1 levels during early gestation age intervals are also associated with subsequent development of @entity2 in our population; the gestational age interval adjusted-5(th) percentiles of @entity4 provide reference ranges for this marker in normal pregnancy.

title: @entity3 and @entity1 serum levels in Tunisian Arab XXXX with suspected @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 are still a common occurrence, especially in areas of poor bone quality. The purpose of this study was to observe whether the application of a growth factor, recombinant @entity0 @entity3 (rhTGF-beta1), would improve the healing of bone adjacent to @entity2 dental implants. Four adult male Yucatan minipigs had four @entity2 dental implants placed into the inferior border of each hemimandible. On the control side, the implants were placed in standard fashion. On the experimental side, rhTGF-beta1 within a carrier gel was placed into the recipient site before implant placement. After a 6-week healing period, two implants from each side were evaluated by pull-out testing and histomorphometric analysis. The mean pull-out force for experimental implants was 1,124.01 N and 818.12 N (P = 0.5015) for controls. The mean percentage of bone between adjacent threads on the implant surface was 49.74% for the experimental group and 36.50% for controls (P = 0.0783). The mean percentage of bone-implant surface contact was 41.86% for the experimental implant sites and 24.60% for the control implant sites (P = 0.0452). The application of rhTGF-beta1 to implant sites appears to increase the amount of bone healing adjacent to a @entity2 dental implants in minipig mandibles at the 6-week period. Further studies are required to quantify better the amount of growth factor required and to study its effects over a broader period of time to see whether these differences are maintained.

title: Recombinant @entity0 XXXX and its effects on osseointegration.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 are still a common occurrence, especially in areas of poor bone quality. The purpose of this study was to observe whether the application of a growth factor, recombinant @entity0 @entity3 (rhTGF-beta1), would improve the healing of bone adjacent to @entity2 dental implants. Four adult male Yucatan minipigs had four @entity2 dental implants placed into the inferior border of each hemimandible. On the control side, the implants were placed in standard fashion. On the experimental side, rhTGF-beta1 within a carrier gel was placed into the recipient site before implant placement. After a 6-week healing period, two implants from each side were evaluated by pull-out testing and histomorphometric analysis. The mean pull-out force for experimental implants was 1,124.01 N and 818.12 N (P = 0.5015) for controls. The mean percentage of bone between adjacent threads on the implant surface was 49.74% for the experimental group and 36.50% for controls (P = 0.0783). The mean percentage of bone-implant surface contact was 41.86% for the experimental implant sites and 24.60% for the control implant sites (P = 0.0452). The application of rhTGF-beta1 to implant sites appears to increase the amount of bone healing adjacent to a @entity2 dental implants in minipig mandibles at the 6-week period. Further studies are required to quantify better the amount of growth factor required and to study its effects over a broader period of time to see whether these differences are maintained.

title: Recombinant XXXX @entity3 and its effects on osseointegration.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 is described by its extreme presentations. At one end we see the slowly growing @entity1 gradually occluding the artery. Collaterals develop and confine the loss of myocardium to the inner layer of the left ventricle. At the other end of the spectrum we see the rupture of a soft plaque. Blood breaking in an @entity8 occludes a coronary artery suddenly. There is no time to develop collaterals. The @entity4 corresponds in its size to the perfusion-area of the occluded artery. Transmural @entity7 lead to rupture of the free wall, ventricular septum or papillary muscle. The coronary morphology of our @entity0 suffering from @entity2 lies between these two extremes. However, many @entity0 die suddenly due to @entity6 a long time before the loss of myocardium disturbs left ventricular pump function so severely that lethal @entity5 may develop.

title: [Anatomic-pathological bases of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We report our experience of managing eight babies who presented with neonatal @entity3 and whose rectal biopsies showed severely immature ganglion cells. METHODS: Neonatal unit records were reviewed to detect @entity0 with suspected @entity6 or functional @entity3 . Those with @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity4 , cystic @entity1 and @entity8 were excluded. RESULTS: We identified 73 @entity0 born at term. Twenty-seven did not need a rectal biopsy. Twenty-one had biopsy proven @entity6 , while 17 had a normal rectal biopsy. Eight @entity0 , all of whom presented with severe @entity5 , showed immature ganglion cells. Seven had failed to pass meconium after birth. X-rays in all @entity0 showed distended loops of bowel. Two neonates underwent an emergency laparotomy and a stoma. A repeat biopsy at 3 months showed maturation of ganglion cells and the stoma was reversed. Rectal biopsy was repeated in two other @entity0 2-9 months after the first biopsy and showed mature ganglion cells. At follow-up, one @entity0 still suffers from severe @entity2 . Seven are asymptomatic now, including the two @entity0 who needed a stoma. CONCLUSION: Immature ganglion cells on rectal biopsy may be an indicator of transient functional immaturity of the intestine.

title: Neonatal functional XXXX and the presence of severely immature ganglion cells on rectal biopsy: 6 year experience.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between VO(2) and RPE at the @entity1 threshold (LT) and maximal fat oxidation rate (FAT(MAX)) in untrained adults and determine the stability of the relationship across sex, age, and @entity0 status. A total of 148 untrained adults (mean age [year] = 30.5    13.9, height [m] = 1.72    0.08 m, body mass [kg] = 82.6    20.5, body fat [%] = 28.7    12.0) completed a continuous incremental VO(2) peak/LT protocol. Fat oxidation rates were determined using indirect calorimetry. The highest recorded fat oxidation rate was chosen as FAT(MAX). The breakpoint in the VO(2)-blood @entity1 relationship was chosen as LT. RPE was based on the Borg 6-20 scale. Bland-Altman plot analysis demonstrated that @entity2 FAT(MAX) systematically preceded @entity2 LT (mean bias = 1.3 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) with wide limits of agreement (+9.6 to -6.9 ml kg(-1) min(-1)). Multivariate ANOVA revealed a significant difference between @entity2 FAT(MAX) (12.7    7.5 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) and VO(2) LT (14.1    5.9 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) in the total sample (p = 0.04). There were no differences between the intensities when the sample was divided into sex, age, and @entity0 comparison groups (p values >0.05). RPE FAT(MAX) (9.4    2.5) preceded RPE LT (10.4    2.0) in the total sample (p = 0.008), but was not different across comparison groups (p > 0.05). The present data indicate that the highest rate of fat oxidation slightly precedes the LT in untrained adults. For exercise prescription, a Borg-RPE of 9-12 identifies both FAT(MAX) and LT.

title: Oxygen uptake and ratings of perceived exertion at the XXXX threshold and maximal fat oxidation rate in untrained adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: An @entity1 related to @entity7 observed in the Paris neighbourhood is reported. A 32-year-old @entity0 originating from Cape Verde presented a left @entity1 . CT scan showed multiple areas of calcifications and a left capsulostriatal lucency. @entity4 enhanced MRI disclosed significant abnormalities surrounding the left middle cerebral artery in the sylvian fissure. The titers of anticysticercian antibodies were highly positive in the serum and the @entity5 . The investigations in search of another cause of the @entity1 were negative. The outcome was good after a treatment associating @entity6 and @entity3 . The increasingly recognized links between @entity7 and @entity1 , especially in endemic areas are reviewed. @entity7 is an exceptional cause of @entity1 in non endemic areas. In non-endemic areas, this cause of @entity1 has to be systematically suspected in @entity0 coming from endemic areas. The diagnosis is based upon MRI, CT scanner and serologic tests. Treatment requires anti-parasitic drugs. The role of the @entity2 is discussed.

title: [Cerebral infarction disclosing XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Collection of a blood sample from the correct @entity0 is the first step in the process of safe transfusion. The aim of this international collaborative study was to assess the frequency of mislabelled and miscollected samples drawn for blood grouping. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hospitals in 10 countries provided data on sample error rates during a period of at least 3 months, including the last quarter of 2001. Mislabelled samples were defined as those not meeting local criteria for acceptance by the laboratory. Miscollected samples [ @entity1 ( @entity1 )] were defined as samples in which the blood group result differed from the result on file from prior testing. @entity1 rates were corrected for the proportion of repeat samples and for undetectable errors occurring as a result of chance collection of blood from the wrong @entity0 with the same ABO group. @entity0 also completed a questionnaire on current policies regarding sample collection. RESULTS: A total of 71 hospitals completed surveys describing policies related to sample collection. Sixty-two hospitals provided usable data on the frequency of mislabelled and miscollected samples. Mislabelled and miscollected samples were common. Based on results from over 690,000 samples, the median hospital performance resulted in a rate for mislabelling of 1 in every 165 samples (6.1 per 1000; interquartile range 1.2-17 per 1000). The presence of national @entity0 identification systems in Sweden and Finland was associated with rates of miscollected samples that were too low to estimate. Outside these nations, miscollected samples demonstrating @entity1 occurred at a median rate of 1 in every 1986 samples (0.5 per 1000; interquartile range <0.3-0.9 per 1000). There was great variation worldwide in the reported frequency of mislabelled samples, probably resulting from variation in policies for sample acceptance. Miscollected samples occurred at a more constant rate. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of mislabelled samples and miscollected samples is 1000-10,000-fold more frequent than the risk of @entity2 . Rates of mislabelled samples and @entity1 can be tracked as key indicators of performance of an important step in the clinical transfusion process. @entity1 episodes represent important 'near-miss' errors. By providing baseline performance data for the collection of @entity0 blood samples, this study may be useful in formulating future national standards of performance for sample collection from @entity0 .

title: An international study of the performance of sample collection from XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Locally recurrent @entity2 involving the upper sacrum is generally considered a contra-indication to curative surgery. The aim of this study was to determine if a survival benefit was seen in @entity0 undergoing high sacrectomy. METHODS: All @entity0 with locally recurrent @entity2 involving the sacrum above the 3rd sacral body between 1999 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. RESULTS: Nine @entity0 were identified with a median age of 63 years. The proximal extent of sacral resection was through S2 (n   =   6), S1 (n   =   2), and L5-S1 (n   =   1). All @entity0 had R0 negative-margin resection. Median operative time was 13.7   hr, and median operative blood transfusion was 3.7   L. Thirty-day mortality was nil. @entity4 requiring surgical intervention occurred in three @entity0 . Local re-recurrence in the pelvis occurred in one @entity0 . The overall median survival was 31 months (range, 2-39 months). Three @entity0 still alive are free of disease after 40, 76, and 101 months, respectively. Ultimately, all @entity3 were due to @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: High sacrectomy that achieves clear margins in @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 is safe and feasible. A majority will die of @entity1 , but long-term survival may be possible in some @entity0 .

title: High sacrectomy for locally recurrent XXXX : Can long-term survival be achieved?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is rare @entity1 with an incidence of approximately four cases per million per year. There are few large sample, single-center series that focus on the surgical management strategy of @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Medical records of @entity0 diagnosed as @entity5 from 1990 to 2010 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical data were collected and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 328 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity5 ; 292 of them underwent 320 operations, which included 46 laparoscopic surgeries. @entity1 enucleation was the most common operative procedure. @entity1 were found in 30 cases; 17 cases were @entity3 . Thirteen @entity0 with @entity1 underwent @entity1 resection. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was the most frequent complication, and the incidence of clinical PFs (Grades B and C) was 14.4%. There was no significant statistical difference between open and laparoscopic surgery in @entity2 , operative time, and complications. @entity1 were noted in 11 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Surgery is the best treatment of choice for @entity5 @entity0 . Surgical approach depends on @entity1 size, location, and its pathological characters. Laparoscopic management of @entity5 is feasible and safe for @entity1 located in the body or tail of the pancreas. Open surgery combined with intraoperative ultrasonography is recommended to avoid omission of lesions in @entity0 with @entity5 . An aggressive surgical approach is indicated for @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Surgical management of @entity0 with XXXX : Result of 292 cases in a single institution.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is rare @entity1 with an incidence of approximately four cases per million per year. There are few large sample, single-center series that focus on the surgical management strategy of @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Medical records of @entity0 diagnosed as @entity5 from 1990 to 2010 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical data were collected and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 328 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity5 ; 292 of them underwent 320 operations, which included 46 laparoscopic surgeries. @entity1 enucleation was the most common operative procedure. @entity1 were found in 30 cases; 17 cases were @entity3 . Thirteen @entity0 with @entity1 underwent @entity1 resection. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was the most frequent complication, and the incidence of clinical PFs (Grades B and C) was 14.4%. There was no significant statistical difference between open and laparoscopic surgery in @entity2 , operative time, and complications. @entity1 were noted in 11 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Surgery is the best treatment of choice for @entity5 @entity0 . Surgical approach depends on @entity1 size, location, and its pathological characters. Laparoscopic management of @entity5 is feasible and safe for @entity1 located in the body or tail of the pancreas. Open surgery combined with intraoperative ultrasonography is recommended to avoid omission of lesions in @entity0 with @entity5 . An aggressive surgical approach is indicated for @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Surgical management of XXXX with @entity5 : Result of 292 cases in a single institution.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), originally found to be associated with @entity5 , have been reported to be present in chronic @entity1 . Most often the ANCA staining pattern is of the perinuclear type (p-ANCA), although nuclear and cytoplasmic stainings are seen. Single studies have shown some of the antibodies to react with lactoferrin or @entity7 ; however, most studies have not been able to determine a main antigenic specificity. We studied the prevalence of ANCA in sera from 155 @entity0 with @entity3 , 128 @entity0 with @entity2 , and 51 @entity0 with @entity4 . The presence of ANCA was correlated to disease activity, extent, and age of onset of the diseases. Furthermore, we tried to characterize the antigen specificity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using elastase, lactoferrin, @entity6 , @entity8 , and @entity7 as antigens. METHODS: The sera were screened for ANCA by indirect immunofluorescence. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) were analysed on HEp2 cells, and ELISA for specific ANCA was performed using the antigens mentioned. RESULTS: Most of the sera with positive immunofluorescence had the p-ANCA type of pattern. Seventy-eight of 155 (50.3%) of the @entity0 with @entity3 were ANCA-positive, compared with 31 of 128 (24.2%) of @entity0 with @entity2 (p < 0.001). However, in the subgroup with @entity2 , 16 of 44 (36.4%) were ANCA-positive. Only 4 of 51 @entity0 (7.7%) with @entity4 showed positive immunofluorescence (p < 0.001 compared with @entity3 ). Less than 10% of the samples were positive in the specific ELISA assays; thus other than the most well known granule proteins can be the target for ANCA in @entity3 . CONCLUSION: ANCA occur significantly more often in @entity3 than in @entity2 . However, the prevalence of ANCA is rather high in @entity2 . ANCA are thus of limited value in differentiating @entity2 from @entity3 . ANCA found in @entity1 are different from those associated with @entity5 . The antigen(s) responsible remain to be determined.

title: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in chronic XXXX . Prevalence and diagnostic role.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) causes neurodegenerative processes in brain which can last weeks and months after @entity2 . Aim of this study was to assess structural changes of corpus callosum and corticospinal tracts in dynamics using diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT- @entity7 ) in severe @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 14 @entity0 with severe @entity1 (GCS < or = 8 in acute period) were examined using DT- @entity7 . In 12 cases 1.5 Tesla device was used, in 2-3 Tesla tomography was applied. Initial studies were performed on 3rd-17th days after injury and control studies were done between 3 weeks and 33 months after injury. Outcomes were assessed using GOS 6 months after injury and later. RESULTS: MR-tractography demonstrated almost absolutely absent visualization of ascending fibers of corpus callosum 3-20 weeks after @entity5 in 5 @entity0 with poor outcomes ( @entity3 and persistent vegetative state). Raized asymmetry of corticospinal tracts was associated with @entity4 or @entity6 in the same @entity0 . In 6 @entity0 with @entity3 partial loss and thinning of corpus callosum fibers were observed. In 2 @entity0 with good recovery and moderate disability repeated studies showed no severe changes in structure of corpus callosum. CONCLUSION: DT- @entity7 presents new data about structural changes of white matter tracts in @entity2 .

title: [Dynamic assessment of corpus callosum and corticospinal tracts structure using diffusion-tensor XXXX in @entity1 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) causes neurodegenerative processes in brain which can last weeks and months after @entity2 . Aim of this study was to assess structural changes of corpus callosum and corticospinal tracts in dynamics using diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT- @entity7 ) in severe @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 14 @entity0 with severe @entity1 (GCS < or = 8 in acute period) were examined using DT- @entity7 . In 12 cases 1.5 Tesla device was used, in 2-3 Tesla tomography was applied. Initial studies were performed on 3rd-17th days after injury and control studies were done between 3 weeks and 33 months after injury. Outcomes were assessed using GOS 6 months after injury and later. RESULTS: MR-tractography demonstrated almost absolutely absent visualization of ascending fibers of corpus callosum 3-20 weeks after @entity5 in 5 @entity0 with poor outcomes ( @entity3 and persistent vegetative state). Raized asymmetry of corticospinal tracts was associated with @entity4 or @entity6 in the same @entity0 . In 6 @entity0 with @entity3 partial loss and thinning of corpus callosum fibers were observed. In 2 @entity0 with good recovery and moderate disability repeated studies showed no severe changes in structure of corpus callosum. CONCLUSION: DT- @entity7 presents new data about structural changes of white matter tracts in @entity2 .

title: [Dynamic assessment of corpus callosum and corticospinal tracts structure using diffusion-tensor @entity7 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: An autopsy case of primary intracranial T-cell-rich @entity8 in a 69-year-old female is presented. The @entity0 was admitted with a diagnosis of a @entity6 in July 1993 and a month long history of @entity4 , motor weakness of the right arm and leg, and a tendency toward somnolence. Neurological examination revealed disturbance of @entity7 , @entity5 , and papilloedema. However, her general physical examination was unremarkable. A CT scan and MR imaging revealed an irregular enhanced @entity2 at the paraventricular deep white matter in the bilateral parieto-occipital lobe. The @entity0 was treated with surgical biopsy of the @entity1 followed by combined radiotherapy (a total of 50 Gy) and chemotherapy. Following repetitive episodes of remission and exacerbation, the @entity0 expired about seven months after the onset of symptoms. Histopathological diagnosis of the @entity1 was @entity3 (diffuse medium-sized cell type). In the immunohistochemical study, most of the @entity3 cells had T-cell markers, such as @entity9 . Some of the @entity3 cells were L26-positive. Neither glial fibrillary acidic protein nor neuron specific enolase were reactive with the @entity3 cells. At post-mortem examination, the specimens disclosed diffuse infiltration of medium-sized @entity3 cells. By contrast, most of the @entity3 cells were shown to be positive by the analysis of L26. None of the @entity3 cells exhibited the presence of @entity9 . These immunohistochemical evaluations conform to the criteria of T-cell-rich @entity8 .

title: [Primary malignant T-cell-rich XXXX of the central nervous system: a case report].

answer: @entity8


abstract: A 24-year-old @entity0 was admitted complaining of @entity5 and episodes of @entity4 . Computed tomography demonstrated a low density area in the left putaminal region. Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA) showed two @entity2 in the distal segment of the right middle cerebral artery. @entity3 from a cardiac source was suspected, and cardioechography was performed. @entity6 was located in the left atrium. The @entity0 was transferred to a cardio surgical unit, and the @entity6 was successfully removed. After removal by operation of the @entity8 , follow-up third IVDSA was performed. One @entity2 of the distal segment of the right middle cerebral artery had grown larger. On the other hand, the other @entity2 had disappeared. Clipping of the enlarged @entity2 was performed. After the clipping operation of the enlarged @entity2 , a follow-up 4th IVDSA was performed. A new @entity2 of the proximal segment of the left cerebral artery was observed. A follow-up 5th IVDSA was performed, revealing that the new @entity2 was enlarging. No operation was performed, because the @entity2 was the fusiform type. At present, the @entity0 is complaining of slight @entity5 and has returned to her job. Here we reported a case of @entity1 caused by left @entity7 .

title: [A case of @entity1 which showed rapid growth caused by left XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: A 24-year-old @entity0 was admitted complaining of @entity5 and episodes of @entity4 . Computed tomography demonstrated a low density area in the left putaminal region. Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA) showed two @entity2 in the distal segment of the right middle cerebral artery. @entity3 from a cardiac source was suspected, and cardioechography was performed. @entity6 was located in the left atrium. The @entity0 was transferred to a cardio surgical unit, and the @entity6 was successfully removed. After removal by operation of the @entity8 , follow-up third IVDSA was performed. One @entity2 of the distal segment of the right middle cerebral artery had grown larger. On the other hand, the other @entity2 had disappeared. Clipping of the enlarged @entity2 was performed. After the clipping operation of the enlarged @entity2 , a follow-up 4th IVDSA was performed. A new @entity2 of the proximal segment of the left cerebral artery was observed. A follow-up 5th IVDSA was performed, revealing that the new @entity2 was enlarging. No operation was performed, because the @entity2 was the fusiform type. At present, the @entity0 is complaining of slight @entity5 and has returned to her job. Here we reported a case of @entity1 caused by left @entity7 .

title: [A case of XXXX which showed rapid growth caused by left @entity7 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: This is the first reported case of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of cranial @entity0 from @entity4 . A 53-year-old male was admitted to our hospital on August 23, 1994, complaining of severe @entity2 and a subcutaneous mass on the forehead. He was diagnosed as @entity4 in February, 1994, at another hospital. Because of multiple intrahepatic @entity0 , he was inoperable and received transarterial embolization (TAE) on February 15, 1994. He had noticed the subcutaneous mass two months prior to admission, and its recent rapid growth, and morning @entity2 . On admission, there was no abnormality observed by neurological and physical examination except the subcutaneous mass on his forehead, 5 x 7 cm in size. It was elastic soft and unmovable, and he felt tenderness. Laboratory examination showed only mild @entity6 . HBsAg was negative, and @entity5 and PIVKA-II (Protein Induced by @entity7 Antagonists) were within normal limit. Skull X-ray showed a round bone defect in the frontal bone. Computerized tomographic (CT) scan showed @entity3 and a well-circumscribed high density mass extending from the frontal subcutaneous region into the cranial cavity. MRI showed the @entity1 compressing the left frontal lobe on T1 weighted image as isointense and T2 weighted image showed a slight low intense mass. The @entity1 was clearly enhanced on both CT scan and MRI. Left external carotid angiogram demonstrated that the hypervascular @entity1 mainly fed by a frontal branch of the left superficial temporal artery in the frontal region. @entity1 and bone scintigram revealed multiple bone @entity0 . Lung CT scan showed no @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A rare case of cranial XXXX from @entity4 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: This is the first reported case of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of cranial @entity0 from @entity4 . A 53-year-old male was admitted to our hospital on August 23, 1994, complaining of severe @entity2 and a subcutaneous mass on the forehead. He was diagnosed as @entity4 in February, 1994, at another hospital. Because of multiple intrahepatic @entity0 , he was inoperable and received transarterial embolization (TAE) on February 15, 1994. He had noticed the subcutaneous mass two months prior to admission, and its recent rapid growth, and morning @entity2 . On admission, there was no abnormality observed by neurological and physical examination except the subcutaneous mass on his forehead, 5 x 7 cm in size. It was elastic soft and unmovable, and he felt tenderness. Laboratory examination showed only mild @entity6 . HBsAg was negative, and @entity5 and PIVKA-II (Protein Induced by @entity7 Antagonists) were within normal limit. Skull X-ray showed a round bone defect in the frontal bone. Computerized tomographic (CT) scan showed @entity3 and a well-circumscribed high density mass extending from the frontal subcutaneous region into the cranial cavity. MRI showed the @entity1 compressing the left frontal lobe on T1 weighted image as isointense and T2 weighted image showed a slight low intense mass. The @entity1 was clearly enhanced on both CT scan and MRI. Left external carotid angiogram demonstrated that the hypervascular @entity1 mainly fed by a frontal branch of the left superficial temporal artery in the frontal region. @entity1 and bone scintigram revealed multiple bone @entity0 . Lung CT scan showed no @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A rare case of cranial @entity0 from XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: This study investigated the regulated expression of collagenases ( @entity8 ) and stromelysins ( @entity7 ) by @entity0 corneal epithelial cells treated with @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity6 , a medication used to treat ocular surface diseases. METHODS: Primary @entity0 corneal epithelial cell cultures were treated with @entity3 or @entity1 , with or without their corresponding inhibitors. Total RNA extracted from cells treated for 4 to 24 hours was subjected to semiquantitative RT-PCR and Northern hybridization. Conditioned media from 24-hour-treated cultures were evaluated for MMP production by ELISA and activity assays. RESULTS: Semiquantitative RT-PCR and Northern hybridization revealed that the mRNAs of @entity5 were dose dependently upregulated by @entity3 and @entity1 , whereas @entity9 and @entity4 were not altered, in corneal epithelial cells. MMP ELISA and activity assays confirmed this dose-dependent increase in @entity5 protein production in conditioned media by @entity3 and @entity1 . This stimulated production was inhibited by their neutralizing antibodies and by @entity2 . @entity6 suppressed stimulated @entity10 production at both the mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that @entity3 and @entity1 upregulate collagenases ( @entity5 ) and stromelysins ( @entity7 ) in @entity0 corneal epithelial cells. @entity6 suppresses stimulated @entity11 at the mRNA and protein levels, which suggests that collagenases and stromelysins may play a role in the pathogenesis of sterile corneal ulceration and other ocular surface diseases.

title: Regulated expression of collagenases @entity8 and stromelysins XXXX by @entity0 corneal epithelial cells.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: This study investigated the regulated expression of collagenases ( @entity8 ) and stromelysins ( @entity7 ) by @entity0 corneal epithelial cells treated with @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity6 , a medication used to treat ocular surface diseases. METHODS: Primary @entity0 corneal epithelial cell cultures were treated with @entity3 or @entity1 , with or without their corresponding inhibitors. Total RNA extracted from cells treated for 4 to 24 hours was subjected to semiquantitative RT-PCR and Northern hybridization. Conditioned media from 24-hour-treated cultures were evaluated for MMP production by ELISA and activity assays. RESULTS: Semiquantitative RT-PCR and Northern hybridization revealed that the mRNAs of @entity5 were dose dependently upregulated by @entity3 and @entity1 , whereas @entity9 and @entity4 were not altered, in corneal epithelial cells. MMP ELISA and activity assays confirmed this dose-dependent increase in @entity5 protein production in conditioned media by @entity3 and @entity1 . This stimulated production was inhibited by their neutralizing antibodies and by @entity2 . @entity6 suppressed stimulated @entity10 production at both the mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that @entity3 and @entity1 upregulate collagenases ( @entity5 ) and stromelysins ( @entity7 ) in @entity0 corneal epithelial cells. @entity6 suppresses stimulated @entity11 at the mRNA and protein levels, which suggests that collagenases and stromelysins may play a role in the pathogenesis of sterile corneal ulceration and other ocular surface diseases.

title: Regulated expression of collagenases XXXX and stromelysins @entity7 by @entity0 corneal epithelial cells.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: This study investigated the regulated expression of collagenases ( @entity8 ) and stromelysins ( @entity7 ) by @entity0 corneal epithelial cells treated with @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity6 , a medication used to treat ocular surface diseases. METHODS: Primary @entity0 corneal epithelial cell cultures were treated with @entity3 or @entity1 , with or without their corresponding inhibitors. Total RNA extracted from cells treated for 4 to 24 hours was subjected to semiquantitative RT-PCR and Northern hybridization. Conditioned media from 24-hour-treated cultures were evaluated for MMP production by ELISA and activity assays. RESULTS: Semiquantitative RT-PCR and Northern hybridization revealed that the mRNAs of @entity5 were dose dependently upregulated by @entity3 and @entity1 , whereas @entity9 and @entity4 were not altered, in corneal epithelial cells. MMP ELISA and activity assays confirmed this dose-dependent increase in @entity5 protein production in conditioned media by @entity3 and @entity1 . This stimulated production was inhibited by their neutralizing antibodies and by @entity2 . @entity6 suppressed stimulated @entity10 production at both the mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that @entity3 and @entity1 upregulate collagenases ( @entity5 ) and stromelysins ( @entity7 ) in @entity0 corneal epithelial cells. @entity6 suppresses stimulated @entity11 at the mRNA and protein levels, which suggests that collagenases and stromelysins may play a role in the pathogenesis of sterile corneal ulceration and other ocular surface diseases.

title: Regulated expression of collagenases @entity8 and stromelysins @entity7 by XXXX corneal epithelial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the improvement in neuroimaging and microsurgical techniques, brain stem cavernous @entity4 are no longer considered inoperable. Surgical indications for brainstem cavernoma are evolving, with better understanding of its natural history and decreasing surgical complications. METHODS: During 1986 through 1998, a series of 137 @entity0 (4 @entity0 each with two brain stem lesions, total number of lesions, 141) with brain stem cavernous @entity4 were treated microsurgically at Beijing Neurosurgery Institute. The age distribution, lesion location, and clinical presentations were analyzed. The @entity3 rate, surgical indications and microsurgical techniques were also discussed. RESULTS: In our series, 92 of 137 cases (67.2%) suffered more than one @entity3 . Female @entity0 had a higher risk of recurrent @entity3 than that of male @entity0 . Unlike cavernomas @entity4 from other locations, repeated @entity3 from brain stem @entity4 are much more common and usually lead to new @entity1 . Among all 137 surgically treated @entity0 , there was no operative mortality. Ninety-nine @entity0 (72.3%) either improved or remained clinically stable postoperatively. The size of the cavernoma/ @entity6 does not necessarily correlate with the surgical result. While the acute @entity6 can facilitate the surgical dissection, longer clinical history with @entity3 often makes total surgical resection difficult, partially because of the firmer capsule that may not shrink or collapse after @entity6 is released. Pathologically those capsules were associated with more @entity2 , fibrous proliferation and even calcifications. During the follow-up period between 0.5 to 11 years in 129 cases, 115 @entity0 (89.2%) have been working, studying, or doing house work. Three @entity0 (2.3%) suffered recurrent @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Surgical indications of brain stem cavernoma include (1) progressive @entity1 ; (2) overt acute or subacute @entity3 on MRI either inside or outside cavernous @entity4 with mass effect; (3) cavernoma/ @entity6 reaching brainstem surface (<2 mm brain tissue between cavernoma / @entity6 and pial surface). Grave clinical presentations like @entity5 , respiratory, or cardiac instability are not surgical contraindications. Emergent surgical evacuation may lead to satisfactory outcome. @entity3 will worsen the pre-existing @entity1 and possibly make the surgical dissections more difficult. @entity0 with minimum, stable @entity1 and lesion/ @entity6 that has not reached the brain stem surface should be followed conservatively.

title: Surgical management of brain-stem cavernous XXXX : report of 137 cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: To identify differences in the incidence of @entity0 between @entity1 with a primary @entity2 diagnosis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and those with a diagnosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from two large @entity2 registries (registry A _ B) the Northern and Yorkshire Cancer Registry Information Service (NYCRIS) and the West Midlands Cancer Intelligence Unit (WMCIU) from 1998-2003 for all cases of @entity0 of either pure ductal or pure lobular reported histology were obtained. The invasive status of the @entity2 diagnosis and @entity2 morphology was collected. Chi-square tests were undertaken to examine the differences in contralateral rates for both registries and univariate analysis to ascertain which predictors affected @entity0 risk for registry A the WMCIU cases. RESULTS: A total of 38,132 @entity1 were studied, 32,735 @entity1 with @entity3 and 5397 (14.2%) @entity1 with @entity4 over the 6-year period. There was no significant difference between the occurrence and time to occurrence of @entity0 according to original @entity2 histology, 901 (2.8%) @entity1 with @entity3 versus 166 (3.1%) @entity1 with @entity4 (p=0.169). The analysis of registry A cases showed no association between original histology (ductal versus lobular), age at diagnosis, @entity2 grade, use of radiotherapy for the primary @entity2 or use of systemic therapy (chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy), and development of a @entity0 . CONCLUSION: There is no apparent increase in risk of developing a @entity0 according to the primary @entity2 histology either @entity3 or @entity4 . Standard mammographic follow-up does not need to take account of original @entity2 pathology. Increased intervention or post-treatment surveillance for the contralateral breast is not indicated in the context of @entity4 . The role of MRI should be restricted to those @entity1 with @entity4 who are planning breast-conservation surgery, but not for assessing the contralateral breast.

title: XXXX : incidence according to ductal or lobular phenotype of the primary.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a manifestation of early @entity2 (EBI) after @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and is an independent risk factor for poor outcome. The lack of a quantitative method to measure @entity3 limits the study of its pathophysiology. The goal of this study is to develop a quantitative surrogate marker that represents @entity3 after @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 with spontaneous @entity1 were enrolled into a prospective observational database. Initial CT scans were graded for @entity3 using established qualitative criteria. Selective sulcal volume ( @entity4 ) was defined as total mL of sulcal volumes on axial CT slices above the most cranial section of the lateral ventricles to the last visible section. Using a semiautomatic threshold approach, sulcal regions were traced out with manual adjustments when necessary. The volume of sulci in each slice was calculated and multiplied by the slice thickness and number of slices to calculate the @entity4 . All volumetric analysis was performed using Medical Image Processing, Analysis and Visualization Version 7.0.1 (MIPAV). RESULTS: A total of 109 subjects were included in our analysis. Mean selective sulcal volumes ( @entity4 ) differed between subjects with and without @entity3 4.5 and 21.2  mL (P  <  0.001). When separated into quartiles, the odds of qualitative @entity3 increases as @entity4 decreases. Compared to the highest @entity4 quartile, smaller @entity4 was associated with worse clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: @entity3 can be quantified using volumetric analysis of @entity4 measurements on routine CT scans. Smaller @entity4 on admission is predictive of worse clinical outcomes. @entity4 may be an important marker of EBI after @entity1 .

title: Quantification of XXXX After @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a manifestation of early @entity2 (EBI) after @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and is an independent risk factor for poor outcome. The lack of a quantitative method to measure @entity3 limits the study of its pathophysiology. The goal of this study is to develop a quantitative surrogate marker that represents @entity3 after @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 with spontaneous @entity1 were enrolled into a prospective observational database. Initial CT scans were graded for @entity3 using established qualitative criteria. Selective sulcal volume ( @entity4 ) was defined as total mL of sulcal volumes on axial CT slices above the most cranial section of the lateral ventricles to the last visible section. Using a semiautomatic threshold approach, sulcal regions were traced out with manual adjustments when necessary. The volume of sulci in each slice was calculated and multiplied by the slice thickness and number of slices to calculate the @entity4 . All volumetric analysis was performed using Medical Image Processing, Analysis and Visualization Version 7.0.1 (MIPAV). RESULTS: A total of 109 subjects were included in our analysis. Mean selective sulcal volumes ( @entity4 ) differed between subjects with and without @entity3 4.5 and 21.2  mL (P  <  0.001). When separated into quartiles, the odds of qualitative @entity3 increases as @entity4 decreases. Compared to the highest @entity4 quartile, smaller @entity4 was associated with worse clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: @entity3 can be quantified using volumetric analysis of @entity4 measurements on routine CT scans. Smaller @entity4 on admission is predictive of worse clinical outcomes. @entity4 may be an important marker of EBI after @entity1 .

title: Quantification of @entity3 After XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate a new technique combining intrastromal astigmatic keratotomy (AK) with a laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap followed by excimer laser photoablation to correct post-penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) high @entity1 and @entity2 . SETTING: Kasr El Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. DESIGN: Prospective interventional uncontrolled case series. METHODS: @entity0 with post-PKP high @entity1 and @entity2 had paired intrastromal AK with LASIK flap using the M2 microkeratome followed 2 to 3 months later by excimer laser photoablation. The main outcome measures were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), mean refractive spherical equivalent (SE), and mean cylinder after each step and at the 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: The study comprised 20 eyes (20 @entity0 ). All parameters were significantly improved in all @entity0 by the last follow-up visit.  The mean UDVA improved from 1.07 logMAR    0.2 (SD) preoperatively to 0.23    0.18  logMAR (P < .001), the mean CDVA improved from 0.79    0.18 logMAR to 0.12    0.12  logMAR (P < .001), the mean refractive SE improved from -5.04    2.62 diopters (D) to -1.47    1.32 D (P = .001), and the mean cylinder reduced from -5.39    0.98 D to -1.05    0.71 D (P < .001). The mean correction index was 0.84    0.10, and the mean flattening index was 0.83     0.10. Thirty-five percent of cases developed microperforations, and 15% developed @entity3 . CONCLUSION: This combined approach allowed for the correction of high @entity1 and @entity2 following PKP; however, @entity3 requiring intervention is a complication to be considered. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Combined intrastromal astigmatic keratotomy and laser in situ keratomileusis flap  followed by photoablation to  correct post-penetrating keratoplasty XXXX and high @entity1 : One-year follow-up.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate a new technique combining intrastromal astigmatic keratotomy (AK) with a laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap followed by excimer laser photoablation to correct post-penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) high @entity1 and @entity2 . SETTING: Kasr El Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. DESIGN: Prospective interventional uncontrolled case series. METHODS: @entity0 with post-PKP high @entity1 and @entity2 had paired intrastromal AK with LASIK flap using the M2 microkeratome followed 2 to 3 months later by excimer laser photoablation. The main outcome measures were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), mean refractive spherical equivalent (SE), and mean cylinder after each step and at the 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: The study comprised 20 eyes (20 @entity0 ). All parameters were significantly improved in all @entity0 by the last follow-up visit.  The mean UDVA improved from 1.07 logMAR    0.2 (SD) preoperatively to 0.23    0.18  logMAR (P < .001), the mean CDVA improved from 0.79    0.18 logMAR to 0.12    0.12  logMAR (P < .001), the mean refractive SE improved from -5.04    2.62 diopters (D) to -1.47    1.32 D (P = .001), and the mean cylinder reduced from -5.39    0.98 D to -1.05    0.71 D (P < .001). The mean correction index was 0.84    0.10, and the mean flattening index was 0.83     0.10. Thirty-five percent of cases developed microperforations, and 15% developed @entity3 . CONCLUSION: This combined approach allowed for the correction of high @entity1 and @entity2 following PKP; however, @entity3 requiring intervention is a complication to be considered. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Combined intrastromal astigmatic keratotomy and laser in situ keratomileusis flap  followed by photoablation to  correct post-penetrating keratoplasty @entity2 and high XXXX : One-year follow-up.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To present results of @entity1 surgery combined with @entity7 ring implantation in @entity0  with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in terms of vision, refraction, eye movements, and subjective @entity6 and glare. SETTING: Anterior segment services of Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. DESIGN: Consecutive clinical case series study. METHODS: Enrolled @entity0 underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation and had 2 Morcher @entity7 rings (types 50 F or 50 E) inserted intracapsularly. Preoperative and postoperative examinations included tests for visual acuity, manifest refraction, measurement of ocular alignment, and electronystagmography. After surgery, @entity0 also completed a questionnaire to subjectively assess glare reduction. RESULTS: Twelve eyes of 6 @entity8 @entity0 were included. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. None of the @entity0 had any @entity2 . In addition to improved uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity and significant reduction of @entity5 , all @entity0 had a marked @entity3 and @entity6 after surgery. CONCLUSION: Iris ring implantation during @entity1 surgery was an effective procedure for increasing vision and reducing @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity8 . In light of the results and @entity0 ' expressed satisfaction, a study should be performed to assess the outcomes of refractive lens exchange along with implantation of a PC IOL and prosthetic iris device in @entity8 @entity0 seeking refractive correction.

title: Combined @entity1 surgery and @entity7 ring implantation in  XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: To present results of @entity1 surgery combined with @entity7 ring implantation in @entity0  with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in terms of vision, refraction, eye movements, and subjective @entity6 and glare. SETTING: Anterior segment services of Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. DESIGN: Consecutive clinical case series study. METHODS: Enrolled @entity0 underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation and had 2 Morcher @entity7 rings (types 50 F or 50 E) inserted intracapsularly. Preoperative and postoperative examinations included tests for visual acuity, manifest refraction, measurement of ocular alignment, and electronystagmography. After surgery, @entity0 also completed a questionnaire to subjectively assess glare reduction. RESULTS: Twelve eyes of 6 @entity8 @entity0 were included. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. None of the @entity0 had any @entity2 . In addition to improved uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity and significant reduction of @entity5 , all @entity0 had a marked @entity3 and @entity6 after surgery. CONCLUSION: Iris ring implantation during @entity1 surgery was an effective procedure for increasing vision and reducing @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity8 . In light of the results and @entity0 ' expressed satisfaction, a study should be performed to assess the outcomes of refractive lens exchange along with implantation of a PC IOL and prosthetic iris device in @entity8 @entity0 seeking refractive correction.

title: Combined @entity1 surgery and XXXX ring implantation in  @entity8 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: To present results of @entity1 surgery combined with @entity7 ring implantation in @entity0  with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in terms of vision, refraction, eye movements, and subjective @entity6 and glare. SETTING: Anterior segment services of Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. DESIGN: Consecutive clinical case series study. METHODS: Enrolled @entity0 underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation and had 2 Morcher @entity7 rings (types 50 F or 50 E) inserted intracapsularly. Preoperative and postoperative examinations included tests for visual acuity, manifest refraction, measurement of ocular alignment, and electronystagmography. After surgery, @entity0 also completed a questionnaire to subjectively assess glare reduction. RESULTS: Twelve eyes of 6 @entity8 @entity0 were included. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. None of the @entity0 had any @entity2 . In addition to improved uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity and significant reduction of @entity5 , all @entity0 had a marked @entity3 and @entity6 after surgery. CONCLUSION: Iris ring implantation during @entity1 surgery was an effective procedure for increasing vision and reducing @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity8 . In light of the results and @entity0 ' expressed satisfaction, a study should be performed to assess the outcomes of refractive lens exchange along with implantation of a PC IOL and prosthetic iris device in @entity8 @entity0 seeking refractive correction.

title: Combined XXXX surgery and @entity7 ring implantation in  @entity8 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cultural influences are deeply rooted, and continue to affect the lives of Asian-Indian (AI) immigrants living in Western culture. Emerging literature suggests the powerful nature of traditions and culture on the lives, mental and physical health of AI immigrants, particularly @entity0 . The purpose of this study was to explore @entity1 among AI @entity0 in Central California (CC). This mixed-methods research was conducted in collaboration with the CC Punjabi community and the support of local religious leaders. All interviews were conducted in Punjabi and English. Whenever possible we utilized validated scales aligned with emerging themes from the qualitative data, which also provided contextualization to survey responses. In all we conducted 11 key informant interviews, four focus groups (n = 47) and a rigorously developed anonymous survey (n = 350). Social dynamics and traditional expectations including gendered roles significantly affected mental health among @entity0 @entity0 . Subgroups along the lines of language choice (Punjabi vs. English) experience and report @entity1 differently in part due to the highly stigmatized nature of mental health issues in this model minority community. The findings of this study highlight the importance of utilizing mixed methods to access hard to reach populations regarding sensitive topics such as mental health.

title: XXXX , a Hidden Mental Health Disparity in an Asian Indian Immigrant Community.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Epidemiologic studies of diet and @entity3 have been facilitated in Hawaii by the multiethnic composition of its population and the consequent heterogeneity in dietary intakes. Studies of migrant populations, particularly the Japanese, have firmly supported the conclusions that environmental factors are of predominant etiologic significance for most major sites of @entity3 , and that these factors may exert their influences at particular periods of life. Recent observations on Filipino migrants reproduce most of the findings in the Japanese, although they do not show the same abrupt increase in @entity7 rates to the high levels found in Caucasians. Data on dietary intakes in these populations support several of the prevailing hypotheses regarding the etiology of certain @entity9 . Several case-control studies of diet and @entity3 have been completed or are ongoing in Hawaii. Some of these have included comparable studies in Japan, but the findings in Hawaii have generally not been reproduced in Japan. Weak associations with dietary fat have been found in Hawaii for @entity0 (particularly in Japanese @entity1 ) and for @entity5 (particularly in @entity1 greater than or equal to 70 years of age). @entity8 (especially carotene) has been shown to be inversely associated with @entity2 risk in @entity1 , but positively associated with @entity5 risk in older @entity1 . @entity6 may be inversely related to @entity4 risk, but has shown no relationship to lung or @entity5 risk. These and other findings are discussed in terms of future needs for epidemiologic research in this field.

title: Multiethnic studies of diet, nutrition, and XXXX in Hawaii.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In 1995, there will be 172,000 new cases of @entity1 diagnosed and 153,000 @entity3 from this disease in the United States. While the pathogenesis of the disease process is poorly understood, a growing body of evidence suggests that abnormalities in cellular regulatory genes may play an important role in the induction, maintenance and/or progression of some @entity2 types. These genes include both growth promoting oncogenes as well as growth inhibitory or suppressor genes. Included among these genetic sequences are several cellular transcription factors. A group of these factors including @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity7 are members of a class of genes known as immediate early genes whose expression are inducible by a variety of stimuli including mitogenic and differentiation inducing growth factors, indicating a potential important role for these genes in normal growth processes. Since these genes are involved in early regulation of cellular growth properties and at least two ( @entity5 and @entity6 ) can act as oncogenes, we wished to determine whether their expression levels were altered in @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) compared to normal lung tissue. To address this, Northern blot analyses were performed using @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity7 probes on RNA extracted from 101 @entity4 specimens and adjacent uninvolved lung tissue. Analysis of this cohort revealed that 72% of the normal tissues demonstrate significantly greater expression of these transcription factors as compared to adjacent malignant tissue. Moreover, this expression pattern appeared to be coordinate for all three genes in the majority of cases. This differential expression pattern was confirmed at the protein level using an immunohistochemical approach with antibodies directed against the @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity7 gene products. Southern blot analyses demonstrated no gross alterations of these sequences at the DNA level, indicating that the observed differential expression pattern was not due to gross structural changes in the genes. These data suggest that down-regulation of these genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1 .

title: Expression patterns of immediate early transcription factors in @entity0 @entity4 . The XXXX Study Group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In 1995, there will be 172,000 new cases of @entity1 diagnosed and 153,000 @entity3 from this disease in the United States. While the pathogenesis of the disease process is poorly understood, a growing body of evidence suggests that abnormalities in cellular regulatory genes may play an important role in the induction, maintenance and/or progression of some @entity2 types. These genes include both growth promoting oncogenes as well as growth inhibitory or suppressor genes. Included among these genetic sequences are several cellular transcription factors. A group of these factors including @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity7 are members of a class of genes known as immediate early genes whose expression are inducible by a variety of stimuli including mitogenic and differentiation inducing growth factors, indicating a potential important role for these genes in normal growth processes. Since these genes are involved in early regulation of cellular growth properties and at least two ( @entity5 and @entity6 ) can act as oncogenes, we wished to determine whether their expression levels were altered in @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) compared to normal lung tissue. To address this, Northern blot analyses were performed using @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity7 probes on RNA extracted from 101 @entity4 specimens and adjacent uninvolved lung tissue. Analysis of this cohort revealed that 72% of the normal tissues demonstrate significantly greater expression of these transcription factors as compared to adjacent malignant tissue. Moreover, this expression pattern appeared to be coordinate for all three genes in the majority of cases. This differential expression pattern was confirmed at the protein level using an immunohistochemical approach with antibodies directed against the @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity7 gene products. Southern blot analyses demonstrated no gross alterations of these sequences at the DNA level, indicating that the observed differential expression pattern was not due to gross structural changes in the genes. These data suggest that down-regulation of these genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1 .

title: Expression patterns of immediate early transcription factors in @entity0 XXXX . The @entity1 Study Group.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In 1995, there will be 172,000 new cases of @entity1 diagnosed and 153,000 @entity3 from this disease in the United States. While the pathogenesis of the disease process is poorly understood, a growing body of evidence suggests that abnormalities in cellular regulatory genes may play an important role in the induction, maintenance and/or progression of some @entity2 types. These genes include both growth promoting oncogenes as well as growth inhibitory or suppressor genes. Included among these genetic sequences are several cellular transcription factors. A group of these factors including @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity7 are members of a class of genes known as immediate early genes whose expression are inducible by a variety of stimuli including mitogenic and differentiation inducing growth factors, indicating a potential important role for these genes in normal growth processes. Since these genes are involved in early regulation of cellular growth properties and at least two ( @entity5 and @entity6 ) can act as oncogenes, we wished to determine whether their expression levels were altered in @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) compared to normal lung tissue. To address this, Northern blot analyses were performed using @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity7 probes on RNA extracted from 101 @entity4 specimens and adjacent uninvolved lung tissue. Analysis of this cohort revealed that 72% of the normal tissues demonstrate significantly greater expression of these transcription factors as compared to adjacent malignant tissue. Moreover, this expression pattern appeared to be coordinate for all three genes in the majority of cases. This differential expression pattern was confirmed at the protein level using an immunohistochemical approach with antibodies directed against the @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity7 gene products. Southern blot analyses demonstrated no gross alterations of these sequences at the DNA level, indicating that the observed differential expression pattern was not due to gross structural changes in the genes. These data suggest that down-regulation of these genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1 .

title: Expression patterns of immediate early transcription factors in XXXX @entity4 . The @entity1 Study Group.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study aimed at evaluating the influence of submaximal isometric contraction on pressure @entity1 thresholds (PPTs) in 14 healthy volunteers before and after @entity2 . PPTs were determined with pressure algometry over m. quadriceps femoris before, during, and following an isometric contraction. Maximum @entity4 (MVC) was assessed using a computerized dynamometer. A contraction of 21% MVC was held until exhaustion (max: 5 min) and PPTs were assessed every 30 sec. A local anesthetic cream and a control cream were applied following a double-blind design and PPTs were reassessed. PPTs increased significantly at the start of contraction and continued to increase until the middle of the contraction period, then remaining at this level. After contraction PPTs decreased significantly but for 5 min remained slightly above precontraction levels. Anesthetic cream raised @entity5 at rest but not during and following contraction. The relative increase in PPTs during and immediately following isometric contraction was lower with anesthetic cream. Isometric contraction of m. quadriceps femoris increase PPTs during and following contraction. The results suggest that input from cutaneous and deeper tissues interacts with nociceptive activity set up by the pressure stimulus. Determining the degree of sensory modulation in muscle and skin in different @entity3 could become a functional method of @entity0 assessment important for differential diagnosis, treatment evaluation, and follow-up.

title: Modulation of pressure XXXX thresholds during and following isometric contraction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The production of granulocytes and macrophages is under the control of at least four well defined haemopoietic growth factors or colony-stimulating factors (CSF's) which differ in their actions within the hierarchical organization of haemopoietic progenitor cells and in the different cell lineages they affect. Multi-CSF has an extremely broad @entity5 , @entity4 stimulates all granulocyte and macrophage progenitor cells and @entity7 and @entity6 have actions essentially restricted to the granulocyte or macrophage cell lineages, respectively. They are each, however, required for cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and mature cell activation within the cell lineages they act on. They each exert their actions through specific high-affinity cell surface receptors which show no direct cross reactivity with each other and which are structurally distinct. However, at physiological temperatures the CSF's show a specific pattern of receptor co-down-modulation which might reflect their cell lineage specificities. A major defect in @entity3 is a block to differentiation so that cell divisions result in self-renewal of the leukaemic stem cells rather than terminal differentiation to non-dividing cells. In @entity2 models such a defect does not result in @entity1 until it is accompanied by autonomy from external CSF growth control but in @entity0 @entity3 there is no evidence for autonomy from CSF growth control and CSF's may play a permissive role in the emergence of @entity3 . The possibility of using CSF's to override the differentiation block in @entity3 and cause suppression of leukaemic growth by differentiation induction has been examined for the action of @entity7 on @entity2 leukaemic WEHI-3B D+ cells. @entity7 induces differentiation in these cells, strongly suppresses cell divisions leading to self-renewal and increases the survival time of @entity2 injected with treated cells. The possible importance of this factor in cell differentiation is indicated by the loss of @entity7 receptors in a differentiation-defective mutant of WEHI-3B, the conservation of @entity7 and its receptor from @entity2 to @entity0 and the observation that all primary @entity0 @entity3 exhibit specific receptors for this factor.

title: The colony-stimulating factors and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity7 was used in a randomized double-blind trial in 15 @entity0 with @entity6 in @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Its effect on @entity6 was evaluated by IR-radiometry, Doppler ultrasound, nailfold capillaroscopy, frequency of finger @entity4 and @entity0 complaints before and after a 3-month course of treatment with oral @entity7 in the dosage of 60 mg daily in the first month and 120 mg in the second and third months. Of the 8 @entity0 treated with @entity7 , 5 showed improvement. In the other 2 @entity0 with progression of @entity2 and multiorgan involvement, the @entity5 was unchanged. @entity7 treatment was discontinued in one @entity0 owing to dizziness and @entity1 . In one @entity0 @entity7 was reduced to 60 mg daily because of fluid retention. There were no other adverse effects. In 7 control @entity0 on placebo there was no significant improvement in @entity6 . @entity7 , a selective, specific and pure antagonist of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) appears to be an effective agent in the treatment of @entity6 in @entity8 . Moreover, @entity7 could contribute to the understanding of the role of @entity3 in @entity8 pathogenesis.

title: Effect of XXXX on @entity6 in @entity8 : a double-blind trial.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 was used in a randomized double-blind trial in 15 @entity0 with @entity6 in @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Its effect on @entity6 was evaluated by IR-radiometry, Doppler ultrasound, nailfold capillaroscopy, frequency of finger @entity4 and @entity0 complaints before and after a 3-month course of treatment with oral @entity7 in the dosage of 60 mg daily in the first month and 120 mg in the second and third months. Of the 8 @entity0 treated with @entity7 , 5 showed improvement. In the other 2 @entity0 with progression of @entity2 and multiorgan involvement, the @entity5 was unchanged. @entity7 treatment was discontinued in one @entity0 owing to dizziness and @entity1 . In one @entity0 @entity7 was reduced to 60 mg daily because of fluid retention. There were no other adverse effects. In 7 control @entity0 on placebo there was no significant improvement in @entity6 . @entity7 , a selective, specific and pure antagonist of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) appears to be an effective agent in the treatment of @entity6 in @entity8 . Moreover, @entity7 could contribute to the understanding of the role of @entity3 in @entity8 pathogenesis.

title: Effect of @entity7 on @entity6 in XXXX : a double-blind trial.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity7 was used in a randomized double-blind trial in 15 @entity0 with @entity6 in @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Its effect on @entity6 was evaluated by IR-radiometry, Doppler ultrasound, nailfold capillaroscopy, frequency of finger @entity4 and @entity0 complaints before and after a 3-month course of treatment with oral @entity7 in the dosage of 60 mg daily in the first month and 120 mg in the second and third months. Of the 8 @entity0 treated with @entity7 , 5 showed improvement. In the other 2 @entity0 with progression of @entity2 and multiorgan involvement, the @entity5 was unchanged. @entity7 treatment was discontinued in one @entity0 owing to dizziness and @entity1 . In one @entity0 @entity7 was reduced to 60 mg daily because of fluid retention. There were no other adverse effects. In 7 control @entity0 on placebo there was no significant improvement in @entity6 . @entity7 , a selective, specific and pure antagonist of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) appears to be an effective agent in the treatment of @entity6 in @entity8 . Moreover, @entity7 could contribute to the understanding of the role of @entity3 in @entity8 pathogenesis.

title: Effect of @entity7 on XXXX in @entity8 : a double-blind trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: 1. Kinetic experiments suggested the possible existence of at least two different @entity4 -dependent @entity1 dehydrogenases in @entity0 liver. Distribution studies showed that one enzyme, designated enzyme I, was exclusively localized in the mitochondria and that another enzyme, designated enzyme II, was localized in both the mitochondria and the microsomal fraction. 2. A @entity2 -dependent enzyme was also found in the mitochondria and the microsomal fraction and it is suggested that this enzyme is identical with enzyme II. 3. The K(m) for @entity5 was apparently less than 10mum for enzyme I and 0.9-1.7mm for enzyme II. The K(m) for @entity4 was similar for both enzymes (20-30mum). The K(m) for @entity2 was 2-3mm and for @entity5 0.5-0.7mm for the @entity2 -dependent activity. 4. The @entity4 -dependent enzymes show pH optima between 9 and 10. The highest activity was found in pyrophosphate buffer for both enzymes. In @entity3 buffer there was a striking difference in activity between the two enzymes. Compared with the activity in @entity6 buffer, the activity of enzyme II was uninfluenced, whereas the activity of enzyme I was very low. 5. The results are compared with those of earlier investigations on the distribution of @entity1 dehydrogenase and with the results from purified enzymes from different sources.

title: The subcellular distribution and properties of XXXX dehydrogenases in @entity0 liver.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Kinetic experiments suggested the possible existence of at least two different @entity4 -dependent @entity1 dehydrogenases in @entity0 liver. Distribution studies showed that one enzyme, designated enzyme I, was exclusively localized in the mitochondria and that another enzyme, designated enzyme II, was localized in both the mitochondria and the microsomal fraction. 2. A @entity2 -dependent enzyme was also found in the mitochondria and the microsomal fraction and it is suggested that this enzyme is identical with enzyme II. 3. The K(m) for @entity5 was apparently less than 10mum for enzyme I and 0.9-1.7mm for enzyme II. The K(m) for @entity4 was similar for both enzymes (20-30mum). The K(m) for @entity2 was 2-3mm and for @entity5 0.5-0.7mm for the @entity2 -dependent activity. 4. The @entity4 -dependent enzymes show pH optima between 9 and 10. The highest activity was found in pyrophosphate buffer for both enzymes. In @entity3 buffer there was a striking difference in activity between the two enzymes. Compared with the activity in @entity6 buffer, the activity of enzyme II was uninfluenced, whereas the activity of enzyme I was very low. 5. The results are compared with those of earlier investigations on the distribution of @entity1 dehydrogenase and with the results from purified enzymes from different sources.

title: The subcellular distribution and properties of @entity1 dehydrogenases in XXXX liver.

answer: @entity0