abstract: PURPOSE: Broadened applications of imaging modalities have increased the incidental detection of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) over the past decade. Previous small series have suggested a prognostic benefit for incidental presentation. This study utilizes a large contemporary @entity0 cohort to examine patterns of @entity8 presentation and their clinical implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on 721 @entity0 (260 @entity0 , 461 @entity0 ) who underwent 750 nephrectomies for treatment of @entity8 between 7/1/89 and 12/31/97; 29 @entity0 required two operations for bilateral @entity8 . Median age and follow-up were 63 years and 41 months, respectively. Indicators of symptomatic presentation included @entity7 , @entity7 , @entity6 , varicocele, constitutional symptoms, @entity10 , and @entity4 related to @entity1 . Mode of presentation was compared with clinicopathologic parameters using Chi-square and t-test analyses. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimates (log-rank test) and @entity5 regression modeling. RESULTS: Incidental and symptomatic presentation occurred in 57% and 42% of cases, respectively. When compared to incidental cases, symptomatic presentation was predominantly detected in younger @entity0 (mean age, 59 years; P < .001), in males (P < .04), and in @entity2 with conventional (clear cell) histology (P < .001), larger size (mean, 8 cm; P < .001), and non-organ confined pathology (P < .001). In univariate analysis, symptomatic cases had a more adverse disease-free (P < .0001) and disease-specific (P < .0001) survival. In multivariate analysis, mode of presentation was an independent predictor of @entity3 -specific survival (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic presentation correlates with an aggressive histology and @entity9 . Incidental @entity2 may be frequently detected in female and elderly @entity0 , as these groups traditionally seek general medical care more regularly. Mode of presentation can independently predict an adverse @entity0 outcome and should be included in @entity8 -specific modeling systems.

title: Mode of presentation of XXXX provides prognostic information.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the @entity1 of @entity0 undergoing tangential necrectomies and skin grafting by using gravimetric methods. Also we had to estimate the influence of age upon the quantity of @entity1 . We examined 50 cases. The body surface from which the @entity3 took place included the areas of tangential necrectomy and skin harvesting. The @entity2 was controlled by electrocoagulation and wound dressing, soaked with @entity4 solution 1:50,000. The @entity1 was estimated by weighing the material before and after the operation, excluding from the amount the quantity of the @entity4 solution. We divided the @entity0 into 3 groups according to their age: first--up to 1 year, second--1-3 year old, third--3-15 year old. By using the gravimetric method we found out that the mean @entity1 from the areas of necrectomy and harvesting is 0.47 +/- 0.1 ml/cm2. The age of @entity0 does not influence the intensiveness of @entity2 per square measure site of the necrectomy and harvesting area. The @entity1 is a constant quantity and is equal to 0.47 +/- 0.1 ml/cm2. The @entity1 that takes place from one percent of the necrectomy and harvesting areas is approximately equal to 2.05% of the circulating blood volume.

title: [Prognostication of XXXX in @entity0 with burn wounds undergoing tangential necrectomy and auto-dermatoplasty].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the @entity1 of @entity0 undergoing tangential necrectomies and skin grafting by using gravimetric methods. Also we had to estimate the influence of age upon the quantity of @entity1 . We examined 50 cases. The body surface from which the @entity3 took place included the areas of tangential necrectomy and skin harvesting. The @entity2 was controlled by electrocoagulation and wound dressing, soaked with @entity4 solution 1:50,000. The @entity1 was estimated by weighing the material before and after the operation, excluding from the amount the quantity of the @entity4 solution. We divided the @entity0 into 3 groups according to their age: first--up to 1 year, second--1-3 year old, third--3-15 year old. By using the gravimetric method we found out that the mean @entity1 from the areas of necrectomy and harvesting is 0.47 +/- 0.1 ml/cm2. The age of @entity0 does not influence the intensiveness of @entity2 per square measure site of the necrectomy and harvesting area. The @entity1 is a constant quantity and is equal to 0.47 +/- 0.1 ml/cm2. The @entity1 that takes place from one percent of the necrectomy and harvesting areas is approximately equal to 2.05% of the circulating blood volume.

title: [Prognostication of @entity3 in XXXX with burn wounds undergoing tangential necrectomy and auto-dermatoplasty].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Prolonged normothermic @entity0 in the @entity1 model is generally fatal with standard resuscitative techniques. To determine whether such @entity2 is recoverable with biventricular support, we subjected 10 @entity1 to 45 minutes of @entity0 at 37 degrees C. After @entity0 , the animals were supported for 24 hours with biventricular assist with the centrifugal pump. During early reperfusion, none of the hearts could sustain a stable rhythm or blood pressure. Myocardial @entity3 concentration, expressed as micromoles per gram of heart protein, was dramatically reduced from a control of 31.5 +/- 2.4 to 14.6 +/- 2.9 (p less than 0.01 versus control), a 54% reduction. Ultrastructural analysis did not reveal the explosive cell swelling of irreversible cell injury. After 12 hours of biventricular assist, developed pressure partially recovered to 60.0 +/- 10 mm Hg (p less than 0.01 versus control) and maximal positive dP/dt measured 2,649 +/- 412 mm Hg/sec (p less than 0.01 versus control). @entity3 concentration increased to 25.2 +/- 5.5 (p less than 0.01 versus control). Electron microscopic examination showed less chromatin clumping, no further mitochondrial distortion, and more abundant glycogen. After 24 hours of biventricular assist, cardiac output in the seven @entity1 successfully weaned from biventricular assist measured 3.6 +/- 0.6 L/min, developed pressure recovered to 76.3 +/- 8.9 mm Hg, and its first derivative recovered to 4,282 +/- 585 mm Hg/sec (all measurements not significant compared with control). Examination by an electron microscope revealed no severe @entity4 .

title: Recovery of the failing XXXX heart with biventricular support in a previously fatal experimental model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To identify changes in incidence, presentation, management and outcome, 670 @entity0 with torsion of the spermatic cord presenting in Bristol between 1960 and 1984 have been reviewed. Among the susceptible population of 150,000, the annual incidence of torsion has increased fourfold from 11.2 cases between 1960 and 1964 to 42.8 cases between 1980 and 1984. Throughout this period greater than 90 per cent of @entity0 have been managed by general surgeons. @entity0 aged between 12-18 years comprised 62 per cent but 20 per cent were 21 years or older. Torsion was commoner in the cold months, 24 per cent of cases occurring during December and January (chi 2 = 30.26, P less than 0.01). When acute torsion was relieved within 12 h of the onset of symptoms only 4 per cent of affected testes were considered non-viable, but beyond this time 75 per cent of @entity0 received orchidectomy. Overall, 238 of 624 (38 per cent) acutely twisted testes were found to be infarcted at operation, and a further 35 @entity0 (6 per cent) had marked @entity1 on review 3 months later. The testicular salvage rate has steadily improved from 45 per cent in the years 1960-64 to 67 per cent in 1980-84. Much of the increased incidence of @entity2 is likely to reflect a greater awareness of the condition by general practitioners. It has been more than matched by an improvement in testicular salvage rate because of earlier referral.

title: XXXX in Bristol: a 25-year review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We have measured the rates of isotope exchange at the @entity3 of the @entity0 ring of Trp-63 of @entity7 and of @entity5 as a function of solution viscosity. We have used two cosolvents, @entity1 and @entity6 , to modify the relative viscosity. We have derived the appropriate kinetic equations for the alternative possibilities that the exchange takes place either in solution or in the intact protein matrix. Because we chose to study the proton-catalyzed exchange reaction, the rate of it is not expected to be diffusion-limited. We confirmed this by measuring the exchange from @entity4 . These results and the known effects of @entity1 and @entity6 on the solvation of @entity0 allow us to predict that if the exchange reaction takes place in a protein matrix the effects of the two cosolvents when compared under isoviscous conditions should be identical. This is what we find for Trp-63 in @entity7 at 15, 20 and 26 degrees C. The slope of the linear plot of log k vs. log relative viscosity is 0.6. This strongly supports a model for conformational fluctuations where transient solvation takes place without major changes in protein folding. The most interesting feature of our findings is the fact that a slow reaction admittedly not diffusion-limited shows, when taking place in a protein matrix, a linear @entity2 on solution viscosity. We suggest that what we observe is the effect of damping of movement of the side chain expressed as a change in the friction along the reaction coordinate in the corresponding phase space. The presence of such effects stresses the validity and usefulness of Kramers model of rate processes for reactions taking place in a protein matrix. Such behavior is predicted by several of the recently proposed general mechanisms of enzyme catalysis.

title: Viscosity and transient solvent accessibility of Trp-63 in the native conformation of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The cell surface location of the @entity1 was studied by immunoelectron microscopy. Isolated, open @entity0 thyroid follicles were incubated with @entity0 sera containing high titers of microsomal autoantibodies. Cell surface-bound antibodies were detected by the immunogold technique using IgG-coated colloidal gold particles (10 or 15 nm). Immunocytochemical incubations were performed at 4 degrees C. Gold particles were concentrated at the apical cell surface of the follicle cells, while the basolateral cell surface was almost completely unlabelled. Quantitative evaluation of four experiments with follicle cells prepared from different @entity0 showed that about 90% of the gold particles at the apical cell surface was associated with microvilli and that the concentration of gold particles at the microvillus membrane was, although with great intercellular variation, several times higher than that at smooth portions of the apical plasma membrane. This suggests that the microsomal antigen is organized in microdomains in the apical plasma membrane. In follicles labelled immunocytochemically at 4 degrees C and then incubated at 37 degrees C, gold particles were slowly internalized. The particles appeared in smooth and coated pits of the apical plasma membrane as well as in vesicles, vacuoles and lysosomes in the apical part of the cytoplasm. Membranes of TSH-induced pseudopods were always unlabelled. Our observations indicate that @entity1 immunoreactivity is present in the apical but not in the basolateral plasma membrane. The antigen with bound antibodies is internalized by micropinocytosis but not by macropinocytosis. The selective location of bound microsomal antibodies at the apical plasma membrane and their absence from the membrane of TSH-induced pseudopods are compatible with the idea that the microsomal antigen and @entity1 are identical.

title: Immunoelectron microscopic studies on the cell surface location of the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two experiments were carried out to clarify the effects of @entity1 (T4) and @entity0 (T3) on flounder metamorphosis. In the first experiment, three doses of T4 were administered to premetamorphic flounder larvae together with @entity3 (TU). @entity3 treatment (30 ppm in ambient seawater) alone caused metamorphic @entity2 in the fish, although the beginning of the right eye migration was not completely inhibited. T4 at 100 and 10 ppb in ambient seawater induced metamorphosis in the @entity3 -treated larvae. The fish of these groups completed translocation of the right eye to the left side and resorption of elongated dorsal fin rays. However, 1 ppb T4 failed to induce metamorphic climax. The elongated dorsal fin rays continued to grow until the end of the experiment in the group treated with TU alone and in combination with 1 ppb T4. In the second experiment, premetamorphic flounder larvae were treated with two doses of T4 and three doses of T3. The T3 treatment was several times more potent than T4 treatment in the induction of metamorphosis. The results of the present study suggest that the metamorphic events of flounder larvae are dependent on the thyroid hormone concentration, and the relative biological potency of T4 and T3 on flounder metamorphosis is similar to that observed in mammals and amphibia.

title: Effects of various doses of @entity1 and XXXX on the metamorphosis of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two experiments were carried out to clarify the effects of @entity1 (T4) and @entity0 (T3) on flounder metamorphosis. In the first experiment, three doses of T4 were administered to premetamorphic flounder larvae together with @entity3 (TU). @entity3 treatment (30 ppm in ambient seawater) alone caused metamorphic @entity2 in the fish, although the beginning of the right eye migration was not completely inhibited. T4 at 100 and 10 ppb in ambient seawater induced metamorphosis in the @entity3 -treated larvae. The fish of these groups completed translocation of the right eye to the left side and resorption of elongated dorsal fin rays. However, 1 ppb T4 failed to induce metamorphic climax. The elongated dorsal fin rays continued to grow until the end of the experiment in the group treated with TU alone and in combination with 1 ppb T4. In the second experiment, premetamorphic flounder larvae were treated with two doses of T4 and three doses of T3. The T3 treatment was several times more potent than T4 treatment in the induction of metamorphosis. The results of the present study suggest that the metamorphic events of flounder larvae are dependent on the thyroid hormone concentration, and the relative biological potency of T4 and T3 on flounder metamorphosis is similar to that observed in mammals and amphibia.

title: Effects of various doses of XXXX and @entity0 on the metamorphosis of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two protein factors, @entity1 as well as a high molecular weight protein complex from reticulocyte ribosomal high-salt wash which we term Co- @entity1 , promote Met-tRNA(f) binding to 40S ribosomes. This binding is dependent on the presence of an AUG codon or natural mRNAs [Roy et al. (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 122, 1418-1425]. Co- @entity1 contains two component activities, Co- @entity0 and Co- @entity3 . Previously, we have purified an 80-kDa polypeptide containing Co- @entity0 activity and showed that this polypeptide is a component of Co- @entity1 and is responsible for Co- @entity0 activity in Co- @entity1 [Chakravarty et al. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 6945-6949]. We now report purification of a protein complex (subunits of Mr 180K, 110K, 65K, 63K, 53K, 50K, 43K, and 40K) containing Co- @entity3 activity and devoid of Co- @entity0 activity. In SDS-PAGE, the purified Co- @entity3 preparation and an @entity2 preparation (purified in Dr. A. Wahba's laboratory) separated into seven similar major polypeptides (Mr 110K, 65K, 63K, 53K, 50K, 43K, and 40K). The 50-kDa polypeptide in Co- @entity3 was immunoreactive with a monoclonal antibody against @entity4 (50 kDa). We have studied the roles of purified Co- @entity0 and Co- @entity3 activities in ternary and Met-tRNA(f).40S ribosome complex formation. The results are as follows: (1) At low and presumably physiological factor concentration (30 nM), @entity1 did not form detectable levels of ternary complex. Moreover, such complex formation was totally dependent on the presence of Co- @entity0 and/or Co- @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Natural mRNA is required for directing Met-tRNA(f) binding to 40S ribosomal subunits in animal cells: involvement of Co- XXXX in natural mRNA-directed initiation complex formation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In free transfers of groin flaps in neurotized @entity0 , @entity1 of the pedicle and of the vessels of the flap itself were observed. These @entity1 were in many cases the cause of complications. Four kinds of @entity1 were distinguished: 1. Segmental @entity1 --practically always on the inferior epigastric artery, characterized by short sections of @entity1 of the artery, alternating with sections of normal dilatation. 2. Spasm of the whole artery. 3. Spasm in the flap itself--characterized by normal dilatation of the artery stem of the flap and by slowing or stopping of blood circulation through the flap. 4. Tissue shock of the flap characterized by @entity1 of the pedicle in the flap also. The present work further shows a method of assessing the amount of blood circulation through the flap and the results of local medication influencing @entity1 , including 1% Mesocain, 0.5% Marcain and Solutio Vischnjevskij.

title: [Tissue shock in free flaps in the experiment on the XXXX . Significance, classification and effect].

answer: @entity0


abstract: During a 3-year period, intravenous streptokinase (IV STK) was given to 110 consecutive @entity0 ages 34-78 in the course of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in three community hospitals served by the same paramedic system. 1.5 million units of IV STK was given over 30 minutes. Half of the @entity0 were brought to the hospital by paramedics. The average time from onset of @entity1 to administration of IV STK was 107 minutes in the paramedic group and 182 minutes for the others. Of 110 @entity0 , 98 (89%) showed clinical evidence of reperfusion and 94 of 106 @entity0 (89%) showed angiographic reperfusion. Angiography was performed from 1 to 10 days post- @entity3 . Mean time to angiography was 6 days for the first 58 @entity0 and 2 days for the last 52 @entity0 . In-hospital mortality was 2 of 110 @entity0 and there was 1 late @entity2 at 8 months for an overall 3-year mortality 2.7%. Of 86 @entity0 , 83 (96%) working before their @entity4 are working now. Of 107 survivors, 96 (90%) are Functional Class I. CONCLUSIONS: (1) IV STK is safely administered in a high percentage of @entity3 @entity0 . (2) IV STK is safely administered in community hospitals. (3) Paramedics act as an early warning system and allow for earlier treatment than @entity0 presenting without paramedic involvement. (4) Successful coronary reperfusion with IV STK results in low mortality rates and minimizes functional disability. (5) A system-wide approach to reducing time to treatment in @entity3 may be the most influential factor in affecting morbidity and mortality.

title: A system approach to intravenous thrombolysis in XXXX in community hospitals: the influence of paramedics.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Carotenoid-carrying lipoprotein (CCL) was rapidly isolated from the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of the upstream migrating male @entity13 ( @entity13 ) by a single-step density gradient ultracentrifugation. The two apolipoproteins (Mr = 24,000 and 12,000; designated apo-I and apo-II, respectively) were readily dissociated and separated in 0.1% @entity0 by gel filtration chromatography. Prominent features of the @entity7 composition in the CCL included the relative high levels of @entity1 , @entity6 , @entity2 , and @entity4 , and the low @entity5 content. Apo-I, as well as the CCL, was rich in @entity1 , @entity6 , @entity2 , and @entity4 . Compared to the @entity7 composition of apo-I, apo-II included relatively high levels of @entity11 and @entity9 , and low @entity10 , @entity8 , and @entity3 contents. When the intact CCL particle was treated with trypsin, apo-I was rapidly proteolyzed, while apo-II was resistant. However, both apo-I and apo-II isolated from the CCL particle were readily digested with trypsin. This suggested that a different structural arrangement rather than the @entity7 compositions of the apolipoproteins was associated with the limited trypsin digestion of the CCL particle. Apo-II may be sheltered from the aqueous environment and lie partly within the CCL particle. The properties of both the HDL fraction and apolipoproteins from @entity12 ( @entity12 ) were similar to those of the CCL from @entity13 .

title: Isolation of apolipoproteins from carotenoid-carrying lipoprotein in the serum of XXXX , @entity13 .

answer: @entity13


abstract: Carotenoid-carrying lipoprotein (CCL) was rapidly isolated from the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of the upstream migrating male @entity13 ( @entity13 ) by a single-step density gradient ultracentrifugation. The two apolipoproteins (Mr = 24,000 and 12,000; designated apo-I and apo-II, respectively) were readily dissociated and separated in 0.1% @entity0 by gel filtration chromatography. Prominent features of the @entity7 composition in the CCL included the relative high levels of @entity1 , @entity6 , @entity2 , and @entity4 , and the low @entity5 content. Apo-I, as well as the CCL, was rich in @entity1 , @entity6 , @entity2 , and @entity4 . Compared to the @entity7 composition of apo-I, apo-II included relatively high levels of @entity11 and @entity9 , and low @entity10 , @entity8 , and @entity3 contents. When the intact CCL particle was treated with trypsin, apo-I was rapidly proteolyzed, while apo-II was resistant. However, both apo-I and apo-II isolated from the CCL particle were readily digested with trypsin. This suggested that a different structural arrangement rather than the @entity7 compositions of the apolipoproteins was associated with the limited trypsin digestion of the CCL particle. Apo-II may be sheltered from the aqueous environment and lie partly within the CCL particle. The properties of both the HDL fraction and apolipoproteins from @entity12 ( @entity12 ) were similar to those of the CCL from @entity13 .

title: Isolation of apolipoproteins from carotenoid-carrying lipoprotein in the serum of @entity13 , XXXX .

answer: @entity13


abstract: Conservation of the breast in early @entity0 with limited resection and radiation is proving to be as effective as modified radical mastectomy in survival and in loco-regional control. Management at the University of Kansas Medical Center consists of an interstitial implant at the time of lumpectomy to facilitate perioperative irradiation with @entity5 -192 to the @entity3 bed. An axillary node dissection is also performed at that time. Two to 3 weeks later external beam irradiation is delivered to the entire breast. One hundred and twenty-three breasts in 120 @entity1 have been treated between June 1982 and June 1986. There were 49 pathological Stage I, 63 Stage II, 8 @entity3 , and 3 @entity4 in situ, consisting of 72 T1, 43 T2, 5 T3, and 3 TIS lesions. @entity1 have been followed for a median of 30 months. One @entity1 had a "true" recurrence in the breast. Another @entity1 developed recurrence in a different quadrant. Ninety percent of the @entity1 had good to excellent cosmetic results, 7% were considered fair, and 3% had poor results. Seven @entity1 developed mild @entity2 , 4 were found to have moderate @entity2 , and 1 had severe @entity2 . Our preliminary results indicate that interstitial irradiation immediately after excision results in excellent local control, with very satisfactory cosmesis and no morbidity due to the simultaneous excision and irradiation.

title: Perioperative interstitial irradiation in the conservative management of early XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The fetus with severe bilateral @entity6 and associated @entity5 in the second trimester is doomed at birth by ongoing @entity1 . Since decompression with percutaneously placed catheters anesthetic, surgical, and tocolytic techniques for open fetal anesthetic, surgical, and tocolytic techniques for open fetal urinary tract decompression in animals, and have now applied those techniques to a small group of five @entity0 . One had bilateral ureterostomies and the subsequent four had marsupialization of the bladder. All pregnancies proceeded to cesarean delivery at 32 to 35 weeks' gestation. There was no long-term maternal morbidity, and two mothers have since experienced normal pregnancies. Three fetuses had return of normal amniotic fluid dynamics, and all three had adequate pulmonary function at birth, suggesting that @entity3 associated with early severe @entity5 had been reversed. Two neonates died at birth with @entity3 . One had no amniotic fluid even after decompression, and the other had some amniotic fluid after decompression but a tiny @entity4 due to the long period of severe @entity5 before decompression. Of the three surviving @entity0 , one had normal renal function when she died of unrelated causes at 9 months of age. One has normal renal function at 23 months and the third had failing renal function at 2 1/2 years and has grown and developed normally, but will require renal transplantation. We have now developed selection criteria that would exclude from treatment the two fetuses who died of @entity3 and the one who developed @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Early experience with open fetal surgery for congenital XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: 1. With @entity4 -anaesthetized @entity0 we have elicited cough reflexes from the tracheobronchial tree and the larynx, and the aspiration and sneeze reflexes from the nasopharynx and the nose respectively. The reflexes were induced by mechanical stimulation of the mucosa, before and during activation of pulmonary C-fibre receptors by intravenous injections of @entity3 or @entity5 . 2. During the 20-30 s apnoea due to C-fibre stimulation, the cough reflex from both sites and the sneeze reflex were completely abolished, whereas the aspiration reflex response was approximately halved. Reflex contractions of genioglossus muscle still occurred at this time, but were far weaker than in the control state. 3. During the rapid shallow breathing that immediately followed apnoea due to C-fibre receptor stimulation, the defensive reflexes recovered: the aspiration and sneeze reflexes fully and the cough reflexes to about half of the control response. 4. Acute @entity2 due to @entity1 , of a size considerably greater than that due to stimulation of the pulmonary C-fibre receptors, caused no significant inhibition of the cough reflex from the tracheobronchial tree. 5. We conclude that the pulmonary C-fibre reflex powerfully inhibits airway defensive reflexes, and that its activation is unlikely to contribute positively to coughing induced by aerosols of @entity3 and similar agents.

title: Lung C-fibre receptor activation and defensive reflexes in anaesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Three experiments were performed to evaluate the potential for parthenogenetic activation of @entity1 oocytes in in vitro fertilization systems and to determine the chromosome complement of the resulting parthenogenotes. In the first experiment, immature oocytes from slaughtered @entity1 were matured in vitro in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) for 24 h to simulate in vitro fertilization conditions. Subsequently, a portion was fixed, and the remainder were transferred to @entity0 oviducts. Oocytes were then cultured for 6-8 h or for 24 h with Colcemid present during the last 6 to 8 h and fixed on slides and examined. In the second experiment, mature oocytes were collected from the preovulatory follicles, and the oocytes were subjected to the same culture as in experiment I. In the third experiment, oocytes were treated as in experiment II, except that instead of transfer to @entity0 oviducts, they were cultured an additional 48 h in vitro. In experiment I, 131 oocytes were fixed after culture in @entity2 . Of the 79 oocytes analyzed in the pre- @entity0 group, 71 (90%) were at the second meiotic metaphase (MII), and 8 (10%) were at pre-MII stage; none were activated. After transfer to @entity0 , 291 were fixed. Of these, 80 were analyzed; 37 (46.3%) were MII, 7 (8.6%) were pre-MII, and 36 (45%) were activated. Of the 36 activated oocytes, 26 (72.2%) were haploid, 4 (11.1%) were diploid, 1 (12.8%) was tetraploid, and 5 (13.8%) were in the process of endoreduplication. In experiment II, 51 oocytes were fixed after culture in @entity2 of which 36 (70.6%) could be analyzed; 30 (83.3%) were MII, and 6 (16.7%) were pre-MII. After culture in the @entity0 , 68 were fixed of which 27 (39.7%) could be analyzed. Of these 27, 20 (74.1%) were MII, and 7 (25.9%) were activated; 6 were haploid, and 1 was endoreduplicating. In experiment III, 30 oocytes were fixed at the end of the culture period; only 10 could be analyzed of which 8 (80%) were MII and 2 (20%) were pre-MII. In all, 46% of in vitro and 26% of in vivo matured oocytes were activated, based on chromosomal analysis. Of those activated, the majority (74.4%) were haploid, suggesting that activation occurs at or after completion of MII. Endoreduplication appears to be one of the mechanisms leading to the formation of diploid and polyploid parthenogenotes.

title: Cytogenetic study of parthenogenetically activated XXXX oocytes matured in vivo and in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Exogenous @entity2 , when administered to hatchling female zebra finches, masculinize the morphology and function of their neural vocal control system. The first of two experiments evaluated whether @entity3 is an antiestrogen in zebra finches, and the second determined whether it would block the masculinization hypothesized to be caused in hatchling males by the males' endogenous @entity1 . In the first experiment adult female zebra finches were ovariectomized and injected for 10 days with @entity4 (EB), @entity3 , EB and @entity3 combined, or vehicle (control). The dependent variable was oviduct weight. The EB-stimulated growth of the oviduct was blocked by @entity3 , which had no effects when administered alone. Thus, @entity3 acts as an antiestrogen in the @entity5 oviduct. In Experiment 2, male and female zebra finches were treated with @entity3 or vehicle for the first 20 days after hatching. The males were castrated at 20 days. At 60 days we compared the song control regions of experimental and control males and females. In both sexes @entity3 increased the somatic areas of neurons in RA (robust nucleus of the archistriatum), HVc (caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum), and @entity0 (magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum). @entity3 also increased the volumes of HVc, RA, @entity0 , and Area X in males. Thus, @entity3 failed to block masculinization of males, but masculinized females and hypermasculinized males. @entity3 's hypermasculinization of the male and masculinization of the female song system is paradoxical given that (1) @entity1 does not have similar effects on the male song system, and (2) @entity3 antagonizes the effects of EB in the oviduct.

title: Paradoxical hypermasculinization of the XXXX song system by an antiestrogen.

answer: @entity5


abstract: From 1971 to 1985, peritoneal cytologic examination was performed at the time of operation in 235 previously untreated @entity0 with @entity3 . The relationship between the cytologic findings and prognoses by stage was investigated. The results were as follows: 1. In the peritoneal cytologic examination, 44 (18.7%) out of 235 cases were positive for @entity2 cells in all stages, 25 (14.5%) out of 173 cases in stage I, 7 (21.2%) out of 33 cases in stage II, and 8 (32.0%) out of 25 cases in stage III. 2. Among the 20 cases of @entity3 that had no macroscopic @entity1 and had positive peritoneal cytologic findings for @entity2 cells, 5- and 10-year cumulative survival rates were 94.7 and 94.7%, against 92.7% and 90.9% in cases with negative peritoneal cytology respectively. The recurrence rate in the same stage was 12.0% for positive cases, against 9.5% for negative cases. No significant differences between positive and negative cases were found. 3. In stages II and III, the difference between the survival rates for 9 cases which have positive peritoneal cytology without macroscopic peritoneal @entity1 and 47 cases with negative peritoneal cytology were not statistically significant. 4. In @entity3 without macroscopic peritoneal @entity1 , the appearance of @entity2 cells in peritoneal cytologic examination is not correlated with the prognosis.

title: [Relationship between peritoneal cytology and prognosis in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of respiratory therapist-directed (RD) protocols in non-ICU hospitalized @entity0 decreases respiratory care charges as compared with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) protocols. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether RD or @entity5 protocol assessments in @entity1 @entity0 may impact: (1) prescription of @entity3 , and (2) outcomes of pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP). METHODS: In a retrospective observational case-control study, 73 cases (RD) were compared with controls ( @entity5 ) matched for age, sex, FEV1 and diagnosis of either @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or chronic @entity3 (CRI). PRP programs were specifically tailored and assessed for inpatients with moderate to severe @entity1 . Type of PRP protocol (P), number of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), number of exercise training prescription (EXP) and failure (EXF), time to start PRP (T) and length of hospital stay (LOS) were recorded. Perceived breathlessness (B) as assessed by MRC scale, 6-min walk meters (6MWD), and BORG- @entity2 at rest (D-rest) and end of effort (D-effort) were also assessed as outcome measures before (T0) and after (T1) the PRP. RESULTS: Frequency distribution of P, EXP and EXF was similar in the two groups. However, prescription of additional @entity3 (1.9 +/- 0.8 and 2.5 +/- 1.1 days, p<0.01), T (1.2 +/- 0.4 and 1.8 +/- 1.2 days, p<0.001) and LOS (17.2 +/- 2.0 and 18.2 +/- 1.8 days, p<0.05) were lower in cases than in controls. Both cases and controls similarly improved (p<0.0001) B, 6MWD, D-rest and D-effort at T1. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 -directed assessment results in less @entity3 prescription than @entity5 -directed protocol and it does not affect the outcomes of in-hospital pulmonary rehabilitation of @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Effects of respiratory therapist-directed protocol on prescription and outcomes of pulmonary rehabilitation in XXXX inpatients.

answer: @entity1


abstract: During the last decade, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has matured from an experimental tool to a clinically useful modality that has not only significantly impacted the diagnosis of (acute) @entity2 but has also shown utility in other @entity3 . Although DWI should be equally sensitive to changes in the spine, it has been used far less frequently in this region of the body. This is mainly because of the inhomogeneous magnetic environment, the small size of the spinal cord, and increased motion in and around the spine. However, once these limitations are overcome, a whole range of applications can be envisioned. Already now, DWI promises to be able to differentiate between benign and malignant @entity8 . As in the brain, the immediate @entity4 following ischemic damage in the spinal cord may provide an early identification of @entity0 with @entity7 . The study of diffusion anisotropy may open new avenues for the detection and better understanding of damage to the long fiber tracts with important clinical implications for disorders like @entity1 and @entity6 . It may also be possible to address, in a more refined manner, mechanisms of damage such as occur with spondylotic @entity5 . To lay the basis for future research in these areas, we will discuss the most appropriate DWI methods for the spine. Following an overview of the basic principles of DWI and associated pitfalls, the most commonly used imaging methods are addressed. Finally, experimental and clinical applications in the spinal cord and the vertebral column and their clinical relevance thus far are reviewed.

title: Diffusion imaging of the XXXX spinal cord and the vertebral column.

answer: @entity0


abstract: True @entity4 is a rare form of intersex @entity1 where both male and female gonads are present. True hermaphrodites diagnosed in the past have been preferentially reared as males. However, based on the appearance of their external genitalia and the ability to reconstruct a functional genitourinary system, most of these @entity0 should be raised as @entity0 . Between 1968 and 1987, we managed eight @entity0 with true @entity4 . The karyotypes were as follows: five 46XX, one 46XY, one 47XXY, and one 46XX/mosaic. Gonadal distribution was bilateral (two ovotestes) in two, lateral (testis and ovary) in two, and unilateral (ovotestis and ovary) in four. Seven @entity0 were diagnosed shortly after birth. Six were raised as @entity0 , two as @entity0 . Based on a review of the relationship of external-internal genitalia, gonads, and karyotype of our own @entity0 and those published by others, we believe that the appearance of the external genitalia alone allows a prompt and definitive gender assignment in infancy. This led us to develop a classification of external genitalia based on the following characteristics. Class I represents normal female genitalia, class II an @entity2 , class III partially fused labioscrotal folds, class IV fused labioscrotal folds, class V a @entity3 and @entity5 , and class VI represents normal male genitalia. We had two @entity0 that were class II, two class III, three that were class IV, and one to IV should be raised as females; in class V, male gender assignment is preferable. This classification, based on the appearance of the external genitalia, allows a simple screening and prompt gender assignment in @entity0 identified as true hermaphrodites.

title: Early gender assignment in true XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Twenty-eight episodes of @entity3 occurred in 26 @entity0 , and all were treated by thrombolytic drugs. The treatment consisted of UK (4500 IU/kg/hr for 12 hours) or SK (2,000,000 IU over 10 hours). The results were followed clinically and in the laboratory and by the same methods that are used for the diagnosis (echocardiography, fluoroscopy) of these problems. Immediate complete regression was seen in 23 cases. These cases did not undergo cardiac surgery. In three cases, in which clear clinical improvement was obtained while both the echocardiography and cinefluoroscopy showed persistent @entity1 , the @entity0 were treated medically in two cases (second thrombolysis) and by surgery in one case. In two other cases thrombolysis was ineffective and the @entity0 underwent emergency valve replacement. There were no significant @entity2 , but emboli from the thrombolysis occurred in five @entity0 . Laboratory data illustrated changes in the success and improvement groups. There were no changes in the failure group.

title: Thrombolytic treatment of acute XXXX with disk valve prostheses: experience with 26 cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have been contradictory regarding the hypothesis that reproductive risk factors of @entity0 as parity and age at first full-term pregnancy (AFFP) operate differently in @entity1 with and without a family history of @entity0 . METHODS: The overall @entity2 incidence and @entity0 incidence related to fertility factors were followed in a population based cohort of 29,508 @entity1 aged 25-65 when interviewed between 1990 and 1992 in south Sweden. At the end of the follow up in December 1999, the cohort constituted 226,611 @entity1 years. The risk of @entity0 in relation to reproductive factors were studied in @entity1 with at least one first degree relative with @entity0 and compared with @entity1 without a family history. FINDINGS: A total of 1145 @entity2 were seen and 1166.6 were expected (SIR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.93-1.04). Slightly more @entity0 cases were seen 434 than expected 387.69 (SIR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02-1.23). A family history of @entity0 among a first degree relative was present in 1615 @entity1 . Forty-five @entity0 were seen among these @entity1 while 24.27 was expectecd (SIR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.35-2.48). Nulliparous @entity1 with a family history of @entity0 had a higher risk of @entity0 , SIR = 1.76, 95% CI = 0.64-3.82, compared with nulliparous @entity1 without a family history, SIR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.99-1.29. Similarly @entity1 with parity 1-2 with a family history had a higher SIR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.16-2.69 compared with @entity1 without a family history having 1-2 @entity1 , SIR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.99-1.29. In @entity1 with > or = 3 @entity1 those with a family history continued to have a high SIR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.11-3.27 compared with @entity1 without a family history SIR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.73-1.09. An early full-term pregnancy was protective in both groups. A higher risk than nulliparous @entity1 were seen after age 25 in the family history group and after age 30 in the @entity2 group. INTERPRETATION: @entity1 with a first degree family history of @entity0 do not experience the sameprotection from a high number of pregnancies as @entity1 without a family history. However, an early first full-term pregnancy seems to offer a substantial protection in the family history group if undertaken before age 20. This suggest that reproductive factors tend to operate differently in the two groups of @entity1 .

title: A cohort study of reproductive factors and family history of XXXX in southern Sweden.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The clinical outcome of 40 cases with @entity3 was examined in relation to the site of occlusion and the findings on computed tomography (CT). @entity0 were treated conservatively without surgery. A few had decompressive craniotomy when necessary. Outcome in 7 (18%) was good, in 6 (15%) moderate, and in 15 (38%) severe; 12 (30%) died by the follow-up at 3 months. In cases with occlusion at the origin of the MCA, @entity4 on CT scan was usually localized to the basal ganglia, presumably because of collateral circulation through the anterior cerebral arteries; the outcome in these @entity0 was not always favorable. Cases with occlusion of the trunk or branch vessels always showed marked @entity4 , and clinical outcome was poor. To assess quantitatively the extent of collateral circulation, the conduction time of contrast medium from the intracranial siphon (IC) to the insular portion of the MCA (M2) through the anterior cerebral arteries was calculated on serial carotid angiograms obtained within 24 hours after @entity1 onset. An IC-M2 time of 5 seconds was a critical indicator of whether extensive @entity4 would develop (the rule of 5 seconds). Furthermore, this method predicted the appearance and extent of @entity2 before CT revealed @entity4 . The significance of acute reconstructive surgery is also discussed.

title: XXXX : correlation of computed tomography and angiography with clinical outcome.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 6-week study of a modified release formulation of @entity3 designed for once daily administration was performed in 27 @entity0 with @entity2 due to @entity1 . The dosage of @entity3 used ranged from 6 to 18 mg/day. At the start of the study all @entity0 had at least moderate @entity2 and 20 (74%) @entity0 had severe or very severe @entity2 . All had a decrease in muscle strength. After 1 week of treatment 22 (81%) @entity0 showed improvement in overall spastic state and, after 6 weeks, all 27 @entity0 had improved. At the end of treatment 25 (93%) @entity0 showed an improvement in overall disability. The drug was well tolerated. Side-effects were reported in only four @entity0 , and these were minor and mostly mild. @entity3 had no clinically important effects on blood pressure, heart rate, body weight or laboratory values. Overall, once daily treatment with modified release @entity3 is well tolerated and gives good clinical efficacy in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Modified release @entity3 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 6-week study of a modified release formulation of @entity3 designed for once daily administration was performed in 27 @entity0 with @entity2 due to @entity1 . The dosage of @entity3 used ranged from 6 to 18 mg/day. At the start of the study all @entity0 had at least moderate @entity2 and 20 (74%) @entity0 had severe or very severe @entity2 . All had a decrease in muscle strength. After 1 week of treatment 22 (81%) @entity0 showed improvement in overall spastic state and, after 6 weeks, all 27 @entity0 had improved. At the end of treatment 25 (93%) @entity0 showed an improvement in overall disability. The drug was well tolerated. Side-effects were reported in only four @entity0 , and these were minor and mostly mild. @entity3 had no clinically important effects on blood pressure, heart rate, body weight or laboratory values. Overall, once daily treatment with modified release @entity3 is well tolerated and gives good clinical efficacy in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Modified release XXXX in the treatment of @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A minimum of 22 chromosomes were found in all @entity0 stocks examined by orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis (OFAGE). Chromosome sizes ranged from approximately 270 to 4000 kb. Certain chromosomes were polymorphic in size between stocks and chromosomes present in some stocks had no apparent equivalent in others. Specific polymorphisms were useful in distinguishing the subspecies L. d. donovani, L. d. infantum and L. d. chagasi and African @entity0 stocks but there were karotypic differences within these taxa. Radiolabelled DNA derived from whole chromosomes was hybridised to OFAGE Southern blots. Chromosome 1 of L. d. donovani was homologous to two larger chromosomes in all stocks. Chromosome 2 of certain L. d. chagasi and L. d. infantum stocks was homologous to both chromosomes 2 and 3 of L. d. donovani: this suggested that translocation between chromosomes may have contributed to the size polymorphisms. The smallest chromosome seen (270 kb) was unique to the African stock HU3. It was not homologous to small chromosomes in L. d. donovani, L. d. infantum or L. d. chagasi. The small chromosome did hybridise to two small chromosomes in another African stock, Khartoum, and to a large chromosome present in all stocks. The @entity1 gene was mapped to chromosomes 21/22, 13 and 7 with strongest hybridisation to 21/22. @entity2 was mapped to chromosomes 9. The alpha- and @entity1 arrangement was highly conserved.

title: Chromosome size polymorphisms of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: To assess the feasibility and the value of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging with intravenous @entity6 in combination with low-level exercise, 81 @entity0 with suspected or proven @entity4 were studied. All @entity0 underwent coronary arteriography. Significant @entity4 ( @entity5 greater than or equal to 50%) was present in 59 @entity0 (73%); multivessel disease (double- and @entity2 ) was observed in 33 @entity0 (42%). The overall sensitivity and specificity of the test were 78% and 86%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of multivessel disease were 70% and 92%, respectively. The sensitivity for detecting @entity4 in the RCA, LAD, and @entity7 was 74%, 82% and 48%, respectively, and the specificity was 85%, 88% and 88%, respectively. With the combined procedure no serious side effects were observed. Mild side effects like @entity1 , vertigo and @entity3 were seen in 12 @entity0 (15%). Twenty volunteers with a less than or equal to 1% likelihood of significant @entity4 were examined in the same manner to determine the maximal specificity of the procedure (100%). Thus, the combination of two different stress procedures (exercise testing and @entity6 infusion) can be performed safely without serious side effects. The presence, location and extent of significant @entity4 can be assessed to a similar degree as with conventional exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy, which has major implications for the detection of @entity4 in @entity0 who are unable to perform maximal exercise.

title: Efficacy of intravenous XXXX with exercise in thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Relations between preoperative data and status at one- and 10-year control and left ventricular performance (radionuclide angiocardiography) at follow-up 10-17 years (mean 12 years) after valve replacement (1965-73) for @entity1 were studied. Marked improvements at one-year were noted for New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classes, cardiothorac index (CTI), and ECG @entity2 (Romhilt-Estes) score. One-year status did not influence that at 10 years. In 59 @entity0 who were in NYHA class I at one year, class I was maintained in 75% of those who were in class II preoperatively, compared with 47% of those who had been in class III, and 23% of those who had been in class IV, (P less than 0.05). The same relation to preoperative level was found for @entity0 with CTI less than or equal to 0.50 at one-year control. The ECG score did not change after the first year. @entity4 (ECG score greater than or equal to 4) was present in 90% and 84% of the @entity0 at one and 10 years, respectively. Ejection fraction (EF) and peak filling rate (PFR) at follow-up were (mean +/- SD) 65 +/- 13% and 3.14 +/- 1.05 end-diastolic volume s-1, respectively; only 13 @entity0 had a radionuclide study within the normal range for all parameters measured. A normal study was found predominantly in @entity0 with complete regression of @entity2 . Multiple linear regression models incorporating preoperative data allowed calculation of predicted EF (65 +/- 9) and PFR (3.17 +/- 0.92) which did not differ from the measured values. Functional status and left ventricular systolic and diastolic performance late after the operation depended closely on preoperative status. Improvements noted at one year were only temporary in @entity0 with preoperative @entity3 . Normal left ventricular performance late after valve replacement was related to complete reversibility of @entity2 . Our results argue for operation in minimally symptomatic @entity0 .

title: Functional status and left ventricular performance late after valve replacement for XXXX . Relation to preoperative data.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 57-kDa protein in royal jelly (RJ) was previously shown to stimulate hepatocyte DNA synthesis and prolongs the proliferation of hepatocytes as well as increasing albumin production [Kamakura, M., Suenobu, N., and Fukushima, M. (2001) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 282, 865-874]. In this study, I investigated the signal transduction mechanisms involved in the induction of hepatocyte DNA synthesis and the promotion of cell survival by this 57-kDa protein in primary cultures of adult @entity0 hepatocytes. Hepatocyte DNA synthesis induced by the 57-kDa protein was not influenced by several alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, but was dose-dependently abolished by an inhibitor of a @entity1 -specific protein kinase, @entity2 . A phospholipase C inhibitor ( @entity6 ) and a @entity8 ( @entity8 ) inhibitor ( @entity7 ) inhibited 57-kDa protein-stimulated he-patocyte DNA synthesis, whereas a protein kinase A inhibitor (H-89) did not. The 57-kDa protein also activated @entity8 in @entity0 hepatocytes. Various inhibitors of intracellular signal transduction elements ( @entity5 , p21 ras farnesyltransferase inhibitor, @entity3 and @entity4 ) also blocked hepatocyte DNA synthesis induced by the 57-kDa protein. Furthermore, the 57-kDa protein activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in @entity0 hepatocytes. The activation of MAP kinase by the 57-kDa protein was inhibited by @entity5 and @entity7 . The 57-kDa protein also activated protein kinase B, which is a key regulator of cell survival. These results suggest that, like growth factors, the 57-kDa protein activates several important intracellular signaling factors involved in the stimulation of hepatocyte DNA synthesis and the protection of cells from apoptosis.

title: Signal transduction mechanism leading to enhanced proliferation of primary cultured adult XXXX hepatocytes treated with royal jelly 57-kDa protein.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The clinical features, investigative profiles and outcome of 46 @entity0 with biopsy or autopsy-proven herpes simplex @entity2 admitted to the Institute of Neurological Sciences, Glasgow between 1962 and 1985 were analysed retrospectively. The protean presenting symptoms and signs included a history of a @entity5 (48 per cent), rapid onset of @entity1 , clouding of consciousness and @entity10 (52 per cent), @entity6 (65 per cent), @entity4 (33 per cent), deep @entity7 (35 per cent), @entity13 or @entity12 (46 per cent), focal neurological signs (89 per cent), and @entity3 (61 per cent). When @entity3 occurred they were almost always focal. The electroencephalogram was the most useful diagnostic test being abnormal in all cases, the majority showing focal changes in one or other hemisphere. Of the neuroradiological procedures employed, computerized tomographic and isotope brain scanning most frequently demonstrated @entity9 in one or both @entity11 . Midline shift was seen in half the cases. The cerebrospinal fluid was abnormal in every case but was not diagnostic. Cerebral biopsy of one temporal lobe was performed in 40 cases and a positive diagnosis of @entity14 was made in 37 of these. Herpes simplex virus was isolated from the brains of 29 of the 40 cases in which the procedure was attempted, but immunofluorescence assays for antigens to @entity8 were only positive in 11 out of 25 cases. Serological assays showed a greater than four-fold rise in the anti- @entity8 antibody titre in 13 out of 22 @entity0 tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A retrospective analysis of forty-six cases of herpes simplex XXXX seen in Glasgow between 1962 and 1985.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In recent years there has been an increasing appreciation of the complexity of functional @entity4 . These represent a spectrum of conditions which may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract in which there appears to be dysregulation of visceral function and afferent sensation and a strong association with emotional factors and stress. There is a clear psychological dimension, with up to 60% of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) @entity0 reported to have psychological co-morbidities and altered @entity2 perception is also common in comparison with control populations. The role of the enteric nervous system, the sensory pathways and the brain as well as the influence of the latter on sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow have likewise attracted increasing interest and have led to exciting new methods to study their complex interactions. The concept of low-grade @entity1 , such as might occur after @entity3 , acting as a trigger for @entity9 has also led to the broad integrative hypotheses that help to explain the biopsychosocial dimensions seen in functional @entity4 . The multi-component model places a major emphasis on neurogastroenterology and enteric and neuro-immune interactions where new approaches to pharmacotherapy lie. Drugs may affect motility, visceral sensation and other aspects of gut function such as secretion or absorption. More particularly, however, has been the search for and attempts to influence important mediators of these primary gut functions. Such targets include @entity5 and selected @entity5 receptors, which are involved in gut motility, visceral sensation and other aspects of gut function, CCK receptors which are involved in the mediation of @entity2 in the gut and nociception in the CNS, opioid receptors involved in @entity2 , spinal cord and periphery, muscarinic M3-receptors, @entity10 and @entity10 and B receptors which are involved in motor adaptation and @entity2 transmission in association with @entity1 , gabba receptors involved in nociception and cannabinoid receptors which are involved in the control of @entity6 release in the gut. With a better understanding of the structures and pathways involved in visceral perception and @entity8 , in the CNS, spinal cord and the gut and new pharmacological tools we will be better able to elucidate the neuropharmacology of visceral perception and its relationship to gut dysfunction. It is likely that there will be multiple therapeutic options based on the spectrum of abnormalities capable of causing the spectrum of symptoms of functional @entity4 in any individual @entity0 .

title: Evolving concepts in functional XXXX : promising directions for novel pharmaceutical treatments.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The major complication of carotid angioplasty is @entity1 , which may occur @entity4 or in the early postintervention period. Platelet adhesion and aggregation to the angioplasty site with subsequent embolization seems to plays a major role in early postangioplasty embolization and @entity1 . During this period, asymptomatic @entity6 can be detected in @entity0 by transcranial Doppler ultrasound despite aspirin and heparin treatment. @entity7 ( @entity8 ) is a @entity5 donor that appears to have relative platelet specificity. We evaluated its effectiveness in reducing embolization after carotid angioplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixteen @entity0 undergoing carotid angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic > or =70% internal @entity3 were randomized in a double-blind manner to @entity8 or placebo given after surgery for 90 minutes. All @entity0 were pretreated with @entity2 and given heparin for 24 hours after the procedure. Transcranial Doppler recordings were made from the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery for 1 hour before treatment and at 0 to 3, 6, and 24 hours after treatment. @entity8 resulted in a rapid reduction in the frequency of @entity6 of 95% at 0 to 3 hours and 100% at 6 hours (P=0.007 and P=0.01 versus placebo, respectively). In the placebo group, 2 @entity0 experienced @entity1 after the angioplasty. No cerebrovascular events occurred in the @entity8 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 was highly effective in rapidly reducing the frequency of @entity6 after endovascular treatment for symptomatic high-grade @entity3 .

title: XXXX reduces asymptomatic embolization after carotid angioplasty.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: We examine prospectively whether the presence of plasma DNA with @entity3 characteristics before mastectomy is a predictive factor related to recurrence and disease-free survival (DFS). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A series of 147 @entity1 with @entity0 , selected sequentially, was analyzed. The characterization of plasma DNA, based on similar alterations in @entity3 and plasma DNA, was achieved with six polymorphic markers (D17S855, D17S654, D16S421, TH(2), D10S197, and D9S161) and mutations in the @entity4 gene. Recurrence, DFS, overall survival, and 12 other clinicopathological parameters were obtained. Univariate and Cox's multivariate studies were performed. RESULTS: A total of 142 @entity1 were eligible for study. A total of 104 @entity3 (73.2%) showed at least one molecular alteration. In 61 @entity1 (42.9%), a similar molecular alteration was detected in plasma DNA and @entity3 DNA. No alterations were found in the plasma DNA of the remaining 81 @entity1 (57%). During the follow-up period (median, 22 months; range, 1-46 months), we observed 23 recurrences (16%), the distribution of which was significantly different (P = 0.005) with regard to plasma DNA [17 @entity1 (74%) with circulating @entity3 DNA and 6 @entity1 (26%) without @entity3 plasma DNA]. Univariate statistical analysis confirmed the prognostic significance of the already known parameters ( @entity3 size, lymph node @entity2 , and stage) and demonstrated that @entity3 plasma DNA was a predictor of DFS. In multivariate analysis, an independent borderline significance was observed for @entity3 plasma DNA. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor DNA in plasma at diagnosis in @entity0 @entity1 can predict DFS, and its determination could be used as a prognostic factor in these @entity1 .

title: Tumor DNA in plasma at diagnosis of XXXX @entity1 is a valuable predictor of disease-free survival.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: We examine prospectively whether the presence of plasma DNA with @entity3 characteristics before mastectomy is a predictive factor related to recurrence and disease-free survival (DFS). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A series of 147 @entity1 with @entity0 , selected sequentially, was analyzed. The characterization of plasma DNA, based on similar alterations in @entity3 and plasma DNA, was achieved with six polymorphic markers (D17S855, D17S654, D16S421, TH(2), D10S197, and D9S161) and mutations in the @entity4 gene. Recurrence, DFS, overall survival, and 12 other clinicopathological parameters were obtained. Univariate and Cox's multivariate studies were performed. RESULTS: A total of 142 @entity1 were eligible for study. A total of 104 @entity3 (73.2%) showed at least one molecular alteration. In 61 @entity1 (42.9%), a similar molecular alteration was detected in plasma DNA and @entity3 DNA. No alterations were found in the plasma DNA of the remaining 81 @entity1 (57%). During the follow-up period (median, 22 months; range, 1-46 months), we observed 23 recurrences (16%), the distribution of which was significantly different (P = 0.005) with regard to plasma DNA [17 @entity1 (74%) with circulating @entity3 DNA and 6 @entity1 (26%) without @entity3 plasma DNA]. Univariate statistical analysis confirmed the prognostic significance of the already known parameters ( @entity3 size, lymph node @entity2 , and stage) and demonstrated that @entity3 plasma DNA was a predictor of DFS. In multivariate analysis, an independent borderline significance was observed for @entity3 plasma DNA. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor DNA in plasma at diagnosis in @entity0 @entity1 can predict DFS, and its determination could be used as a prognostic factor in these @entity1 .

title: Tumor DNA in plasma at diagnosis of @entity0 XXXX is a valuable predictor of disease-free survival.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incremental costs associated with behavioral symptoms in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: A total of 128 @entity0 with probable @entity3 were enrolled into this study. Cognitive function and extrapyramidal features were assessed in @entity0 with @entity3 . Caregivers were interviewed to determine use of health care services, receipt of unpaid care, severity of behavioral symptoms ( @entity2 Inventory [NPI]), and comorbid medical conditions in @entity0 with @entity3 . Healthcare utilization data were multiplied by unit costs to estimate direct formal costs. Unpaid caregiving hours were multiplied by an hourly wage to estimate direct informal costs. The annual incremental direct costs of additional behavioral symptoms were estimated with multiple regression equations. RESULTS: Annual, direct costs were significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity3 at or above the median score on the NPI (high NPI group), after adjusting for group differences in severity of @entity1 and comorbid conditions. @entity0 in the high NPI group had formal costs between US 3,162 and US 5,919 higher than the low NPI group and total direct costs between US 10,670 and US 16,141 higher, depending on the severity of @entity1 . Models for the entire sample estimated that a one-point increase in the NPI score would result in an annual increase of between US 247 and US 409 in total direct costs, depending on the value of unpaid caregiving. CONCLUSIONS: Behavioral symptoms in @entity0 with @entity3 significantly increase direct costs of care.

title: The incremental direct costs associated with behavioral symptoms in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine interrater reliability of a classification system for @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and to determine the frequency and characteristics of various @entity1 types as categorized by this system. DESIGN: Independent categorization (based on questionnaires; for 15 @entity0 , questionnaires plus personal interviews) by 2 investigators. SETTING: Community. @entity0 : A total of 163 individuals aged >or=18 years with @entity3 and @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain categories, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and @entity2 Grade questionnaire. RESULTS: Among 41 (25%) questionnaires categorized independently by 2 investigators, strength of agreement in categorizing 68 @entity1 problems was substantial (kappa=.68). For 15 @entity0 whose @entity1 was categorized in @entity0 by 2 investigators, strength of agreement was also substantial (kappa=.66). Among 163 survey respondents with @entity1 , the most common @entity1 was @entity3 (31.9%). Mean characteristic @entity1 intensity +/- standard deviation for @entity1 , regardless of type, was 61.02+/-18.5 on a scale from 0 to 100. On average, for @entity1 , respondents reported moderate @entity1 (43.70+/-29.4; scale range, 0-100). Although certain @entity1 descriptors were more often associated with a specific type of @entity1 , none was pathognomonic. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial interrater reliability was achieved in determining @entity1 categories by use of responses to a questionnaire with a classification system based on presumed pathology. Adding interviews with @entity0 increased our ability to classify @entity1 but did not improve overall interrater reliability.

title: Classification of XXXX associated with @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine interrater reliability of a classification system for @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and to determine the frequency and characteristics of various @entity1 types as categorized by this system. DESIGN: Independent categorization (based on questionnaires; for 15 @entity0 , questionnaires plus personal interviews) by 2 investigators. SETTING: Community. @entity0 : A total of 163 individuals aged >or=18 years with @entity3 and @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain categories, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and @entity2 Grade questionnaire. RESULTS: Among 41 (25%) questionnaires categorized independently by 2 investigators, strength of agreement in categorizing 68 @entity1 problems was substantial (kappa=.68). For 15 @entity0 whose @entity1 was categorized in @entity0 by 2 investigators, strength of agreement was also substantial (kappa=.66). Among 163 survey respondents with @entity1 , the most common @entity1 was @entity3 (31.9%). Mean characteristic @entity1 intensity +/- standard deviation for @entity1 , regardless of type, was 61.02+/-18.5 on a scale from 0 to 100. On average, for @entity1 , respondents reported moderate @entity1 (43.70+/-29.4; scale range, 0-100). Although certain @entity1 descriptors were more often associated with a specific type of @entity1 , none was pathognomonic. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial interrater reliability was achieved in determining @entity1 categories by use of responses to a questionnaire with a classification system based on presumed pathology. Adding interviews with @entity0 increased our ability to classify @entity1 but did not improve overall interrater reliability.

title: Classification of @entity2 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Development of tolerance to @entity2 during long-term therapy is a major concern. It has been suggested that @entity4 (IS-5MN), an active metabolite of @entity3 , administered twice daily 12 hours apart does not lead to development of tolerance. The duration of effects of IS-5MN at a dose of 20 and 40 mg and of placebo was studied in @entity0 with @entity1 who responded to @entity2 after the first dose (n = 12) and after 1 week of twice-daily therapy (n = 9). The study was double-blind, randomized and crossover in design. Compared with placebo values, after the first dose of 20 and 40 mg IS-5MN, exercise duration was higher at 2 hours (p less than 0.001) and 6 hours (p less than 0.02). After 1 week of twice-daily therapy at these doses, exercise duration increased at 2 hours (p less than 0.05) but not at 6 or 10 hours after the dose. After the first dose of 20 and 40 mg IS-5MN, standing systolic blood pressure decreased at 2 hours (p less than 0.02). Blood pressure did not change significantly after chronic therapy. Tolerance to antianginal effects during twice-daily therapy with 20 and 40 mg of IS-5MN developed despite higher plasma IS-5MN concentrations at 2 and 6 hours during twice-daily therapy than after the first dose. The tolerance during twice-daily therapy with IS-5MN was characterized by a reduced peak effect at 2 hours and shortened duration of action compared with first-dose effects.

title: Usefulness of twice-daily @entity4 in preventing development of tolerance in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Development of tolerance to @entity2 during long-term therapy is a major concern. It has been suggested that @entity4 (IS-5MN), an active metabolite of @entity3 , administered twice daily 12 hours apart does not lead to development of tolerance. The duration of effects of IS-5MN at a dose of 20 and 40 mg and of placebo was studied in @entity0 with @entity1 who responded to @entity2 after the first dose (n = 12) and after 1 week of twice-daily therapy (n = 9). The study was double-blind, randomized and crossover in design. Compared with placebo values, after the first dose of 20 and 40 mg IS-5MN, exercise duration was higher at 2 hours (p less than 0.001) and 6 hours (p less than 0.02). After 1 week of twice-daily therapy at these doses, exercise duration increased at 2 hours (p less than 0.05) but not at 6 or 10 hours after the dose. After the first dose of 20 and 40 mg IS-5MN, standing systolic blood pressure decreased at 2 hours (p less than 0.02). Blood pressure did not change significantly after chronic therapy. Tolerance to antianginal effects during twice-daily therapy with 20 and 40 mg of IS-5MN developed despite higher plasma IS-5MN concentrations at 2 and 6 hours during twice-daily therapy than after the first dose. The tolerance during twice-daily therapy with IS-5MN was characterized by a reduced peak effect at 2 hours and shortened duration of action compared with first-dose effects.

title: Usefulness of twice-daily XXXX in preventing development of tolerance in @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate long-term enlargement of @entity8 after treatment of choroidal new vessels ( @entity2 ) in age-related @entity3 or @entity7 . OBJECTS AND METHOD: Twenty-four eyes of 24 @entity0 aged between 45 and 77 years were treated with laser photocoagulation for juxtafoveal or extrafoveal @entity5 in Yodogawa Christian Hospital. There was no recurrence in any of the eyes and the mean follow-up period was 31.0 +/- 13.7 (mean +/- standard deviation) months (13-60 months). The laser photocoagulation scar was measured with an image analyzer immediately and once a year after the treatment. We investigated the relationship between scar expansion rate and @entity1 measured by A-mode ultrasonography. RESULTS: Expansion of the coagulation scars ( @entity9 ) was observed in 19 eyes (79.2%). The coagulation scar expanded with the length of the period after treatment in most of the @entity0 . The expansion rate was significantly correlated with the length of the eye at two years after treatment in all 24 eyes and even in 21 of the eyes without @entity4 (p < 0.05). A decrease in visual acuity was observed in only one eye (4.2%). Remarkable pigmentation around the scar was found in three eyes of five that did not have @entity9 . CONCLUSION: Although @entity9 occurs in approximately 80% of eyes after successful laser treatment, visual acuity deterioration is rarely encountered. The rate of expansion is significantly correlated with the axial length among the eyes both with and without @entity4 . @entity6 around scars may be one sign which indicates a low expansion rate of @entity9 .

title: [Long-term enlargement of @entity8 after treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate long-term enlargement of @entity8 after treatment of choroidal new vessels ( @entity2 ) in age-related @entity3 or @entity7 . OBJECTS AND METHOD: Twenty-four eyes of 24 @entity0 aged between 45 and 77 years were treated with laser photocoagulation for juxtafoveal or extrafoveal @entity5 in Yodogawa Christian Hospital. There was no recurrence in any of the eyes and the mean follow-up period was 31.0 +/- 13.7 (mean +/- standard deviation) months (13-60 months). The laser photocoagulation scar was measured with an image analyzer immediately and once a year after the treatment. We investigated the relationship between scar expansion rate and @entity1 measured by A-mode ultrasonography. RESULTS: Expansion of the coagulation scars ( @entity9 ) was observed in 19 eyes (79.2%). The coagulation scar expanded with the length of the period after treatment in most of the @entity0 . The expansion rate was significantly correlated with the length of the eye at two years after treatment in all 24 eyes and even in 21 of the eyes without @entity4 (p < 0.05). A decrease in visual acuity was observed in only one eye (4.2%). Remarkable pigmentation around the scar was found in three eyes of five that did not have @entity9 . CONCLUSION: Although @entity9 occurs in approximately 80% of eyes after successful laser treatment, visual acuity deterioration is rarely encountered. The rate of expansion is significantly correlated with the axial length among the eyes both with and without @entity4 . @entity6 around scars may be one sign which indicates a low expansion rate of @entity9 .

title: [Long-term enlargement of XXXX after treatment of @entity5 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: The authors a case of a 53 year old @entity0 who has been under observation of the Ophthalmologic Department from lassy Railway Hospital since September 2000. The the diagnosis was on both eyes: Operate @entity4 . Incipient @entity3 . Anterior Uveiti Sechelae. Cicatricial Corioretinitis. In January 2001 this @entity0 came in our clinic on the right eye with acute decrease of visual acuity from 1/6 to 1/25 on @entity5 , with marked @entity7 . The suspected etiologic diagnosis was initially RE: Intermediate @entity6 . After local and general treatment with @entity2 antiinflammatory agents the inflammatory phenomena was decreased but the visual acuity remained unchanged. After that we suspected macular cystoid @entity1 . The cause of the visual acuity decrease remains obscure and this case underlines the difficulties meeting on the therapeutic management of the @entity4 on an eye with numerous associated diseases.

title: [Macular cystoid @entity1 in eyes with XXXX after surgery].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The authors a case of a 53 year old @entity0 who has been under observation of the Ophthalmologic Department from lassy Railway Hospital since September 2000. The the diagnosis was on both eyes: Operate @entity4 . Incipient @entity3 . Anterior Uveiti Sechelae. Cicatricial Corioretinitis. In January 2001 this @entity0 came in our clinic on the right eye with acute decrease of visual acuity from 1/6 to 1/25 on @entity5 , with marked @entity7 . The suspected etiologic diagnosis was initially RE: Intermediate @entity6 . After local and general treatment with @entity2 antiinflammatory agents the inflammatory phenomena was decreased but the visual acuity remained unchanged. After that we suspected macular cystoid @entity1 . The cause of the visual acuity decrease remains obscure and this case underlines the difficulties meeting on the therapeutic management of the @entity4 on an eye with numerous associated diseases.

title: [Macular cystoid XXXX in eyes with @entity4 after surgery].

answer: @entity1


abstract: To review the management of @entity4 associated with @entity6 , the authors studied the records of 368 @entity0 with @entity4 . Most @entity0 (83%) had gynecologic @entity1 . Obstruction of the small intestines was more common than obstruction of the large intestines (77% versus 23%). Major causes of mechanical small @entity5 included extrinsic @entity1 (62%, mostly @entity2 ), radiation therapy-associated strictures and adhesions (17%), @entity3 (14%), and inflammatory strictures and adhesions (3%). Obstruction of the colon was caused mainly by extrinsic @entity1 (45%), strictures and adhesions associated with radiation therapy (26%), fecal impaction (9%), and intrinsic @entity1 (8%). Gastrointestinal intubation successfully relieved 81% of small @entity5 caused by @entity3 . Tube suction alone was rarely successful when the obstruction was caused by @entity1 . The prognosis was dependent on the cause of the underlying disease. The cases studied in this report were compared with a large number of cases of @entity5 in general surgery. It is concluded that @entity5 associated with @entity6 has unique features deserving wider recognition.

title: Mechanical XXXX in @entity0 with @entity6 : a review of 368 @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: To review the management of @entity4 associated with @entity6 , the authors studied the records of 368 @entity0 with @entity4 . Most @entity0 (83%) had gynecologic @entity1 . Obstruction of the small intestines was more common than obstruction of the large intestines (77% versus 23%). Major causes of mechanical small @entity5 included extrinsic @entity1 (62%, mostly @entity2 ), radiation therapy-associated strictures and adhesions (17%), @entity3 (14%), and inflammatory strictures and adhesions (3%). Obstruction of the colon was caused mainly by extrinsic @entity1 (45%), strictures and adhesions associated with radiation therapy (26%), fecal impaction (9%), and intrinsic @entity1 (8%). Gastrointestinal intubation successfully relieved 81% of small @entity5 caused by @entity3 . Tube suction alone was rarely successful when the obstruction was caused by @entity1 . The prognosis was dependent on the cause of the underlying disease. The cases studied in this report were compared with a large number of cases of @entity5 in general surgery. It is concluded that @entity5 associated with @entity6 has unique features deserving wider recognition.

title: Mechanical @entity4 in @entity0 with XXXX : a review of 368 @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: To review the management of @entity4 associated with @entity6 , the authors studied the records of 368 @entity0 with @entity4 . Most @entity0 (83%) had gynecologic @entity1 . Obstruction of the small intestines was more common than obstruction of the large intestines (77% versus 23%). Major causes of mechanical small @entity5 included extrinsic @entity1 (62%, mostly @entity2 ), radiation therapy-associated strictures and adhesions (17%), @entity3 (14%), and inflammatory strictures and adhesions (3%). Obstruction of the colon was caused mainly by extrinsic @entity1 (45%), strictures and adhesions associated with radiation therapy (26%), fecal impaction (9%), and intrinsic @entity1 (8%). Gastrointestinal intubation successfully relieved 81% of small @entity5 caused by @entity3 . Tube suction alone was rarely successful when the obstruction was caused by @entity1 . The prognosis was dependent on the cause of the underlying disease. The cases studied in this report were compared with a large number of cases of @entity5 in general surgery. It is concluded that @entity5 associated with @entity6 has unique features deserving wider recognition.

title: Mechanical @entity4 in XXXX with @entity6 : a review of 368 @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: To review the management of @entity4 associated with @entity6 , the authors studied the records of 368 @entity0 with @entity4 . Most @entity0 (83%) had gynecologic @entity1 . Obstruction of the small intestines was more common than obstruction of the large intestines (77% versus 23%). Major causes of mechanical small @entity5 included extrinsic @entity1 (62%, mostly @entity2 ), radiation therapy-associated strictures and adhesions (17%), @entity3 (14%), and inflammatory strictures and adhesions (3%). Obstruction of the colon was caused mainly by extrinsic @entity1 (45%), strictures and adhesions associated with radiation therapy (26%), fecal impaction (9%), and intrinsic @entity1 (8%). Gastrointestinal intubation successfully relieved 81% of small @entity5 caused by @entity3 . Tube suction alone was rarely successful when the obstruction was caused by @entity1 . The prognosis was dependent on the cause of the underlying disease. The cases studied in this report were compared with a large number of cases of @entity5 in general surgery. It is concluded that @entity5 associated with @entity6 has unique features deserving wider recognition.

title: Mechanical @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity6 : a review of 368 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Episodes of transient @entity4 during daily life were investigated in 30 @entity0 on two separate occasions, by ambulatory Holter ST monitoring. The first occasion was at a time of uncertainty in the @entity0 ' lives, when the results of coronary angiography and the need for surgery were to be discussed. The second was at a later date, when there had been time to adjust to the decision-making process. There were 515 episodes of @entity4 of which 174 were associated with @entity2 and 341 were asymptomatic. Silent @entity1 was significantly more frequent during the first period of monitoring compared to the second (p less than 0.02). @entity0 who had more @entity1 on the first occasion also entered more self reports of "emotional upset" ( @entity6 , worry, etc.,) in their diaries compared to the second occasion. The level of urinary @entity3 was taken as a measure of uncertainty and worry, and was significantly higher on the first occasion (p less than 0.03). Differences in urinary @entity5 excretion were taken as a measure of subjective stress. @entity0 who excreted more @entity5 on the first compared to the second occasion had significantly more @entity1 (p less than 0.007) and longer total ischemic time (p less than 0.01). We suggest that psychological stress may exacerbate @entity4 which is frequently painless.

title: Psychological stress and silent XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Gastric pull-up is a common technique in the reconstruction of gastrointestinal continuity following surgery for the primary esophageal and @entity2 with involvement of the esophagus. We evaluated the results of surgery in @entity0 with cervical esophageal and @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Eleven @entity0 (4 @entity0 , 7 @entity0 ; mean age 46 years; range 18 to 70 years) underwent surgery for hypopharyngeal and cervical @entity3 . Surgery included pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy, and gastric pull-up in all @entity0 . In addition, nine @entity0 had radical neck dissection on the involved side and modified radical neck dissection on the contralateral side. One @entity0 had bilateral radical neck dissection. @entity0 who were alive were followed-up for a mean period of 27 months (range 14 to 46 months). RESULTS: The one-, two-, and three-year survival rates were 54% (6/11), 36% (4/11) and 18% (2/11), respectively. Three @entity0 died from early postoperative complications, two from organ failure due to locoregional recurrence (7th month) and to distant @entity1 (11th month). CONCLUSION: Despite the small size of the study, the results favor the use of gastric pull-up in selected @entity0 with cervical esophageal and @entity2 .

title: [Gastric pull-up in hypopharyngeal and cervical XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: 23 @entity0 were treated during 1977-87 in a special hospital in Warsaw for @entity2 by administering the Mell-Krat scale, the Rorschach test, and a test consisting of drawing figures. Most of them were in the 26-35 age group and had secondary and higher level education. 15 of them had a domineering mother, and 13 were only @entity0 . 14 had been married for 5 years and had used a biological method of contraception for 5-8 years. The personality tests indicated that 16 were @entity1 and 5 were neurotic; in 13, the marital roles were reversed; the need for fatherhood was lacking in 7, and it was deficient in 9; 17 had disorders of erection, 4 had @entity5 , and 2 half diminished libido; the partners of 9 were tolerant and passive concerning the @entity3 , 7 were critical and castrating, and 4 were understanding and helpful. The causative factors and the effectiveness of treatment were: partner-related in 13 cases (9 treated), stereotypical transformation of cohabitation in 23 cases (14 treated), burdensome sexual activity in 3 cases (1 treated), and 4 unknown factors (1 treated). Various therapeutic methods were used: hypnosis, psychotherapy of married couple, and training. 14 @entity0 were successfully treated and rehabilitated; however, 9 @entity0 did not improve. Although the small number of this sample does not permit the drawing of sweeping conclusions, some inferences could be made on forms of @entity4 of psychogenic origin. Implicated factors were: having a domineering mother, being an only @entity0 , and @entity1 personality. Other causes had to do with the partner, sexual duty, and stereotypical sexual cohabitation of many years' duration during a nonfertile period of the @entity0 using a natural method of contraception.

title: [Cyclic XXXX in male infertility].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics of @entity0 in primary @entity5 (PACG) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Subjects with @entity3 aged 30 years and older were prospectively considered for inclusion. Automated static white-on-white perimetry was performed. A minimum of 2 reliable tests was required with a @entity6 ( @entity6 ) within 2 dB on 2 tests. Subjects with previous symptomatic angle-closure, normal-tension @entity3 , visually significant @entity1 , or previous intraocular surgery were excluded. RESULTS: Of 234 subjects assessed, 129 had @entity2 , and 105 had PACG. The MDs ( @entity2 group, -13.3 dB; PACG group, -18.0 dB) indicated more severe @entity0 in subjects with PACG. In subjects with @entity2 , the superior hemifield was more severely affected than the inferior. This was less pronounced in subjects with PACG. Following stratification by @entity6 , the difference between hemifields was marked in the mild (-10 dB<or= @entity6 ) and moderate (-20 dB<or= @entity6 <-10 dB) subgroups but was not present in the severe ( @entity6 <-20 dB) subgroup. We detected differences between @entity2 and PACG in retinal sensitivity between the superior and inferior hemifields, independent of severity of damage. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of @entity0 was different in the 2 diseases. This may give insight into the pattern of @entity0 in predominantly pressure-dependent @entity4 .

title: The severity and spatial distribution of XXXX in @entity3 : a comparison of @entity2 and primary @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics of @entity0 in primary @entity5 (PACG) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Subjects with @entity3 aged 30 years and older were prospectively considered for inclusion. Automated static white-on-white perimetry was performed. A minimum of 2 reliable tests was required with a @entity6 ( @entity6 ) within 2 dB on 2 tests. Subjects with previous symptomatic angle-closure, normal-tension @entity3 , visually significant @entity1 , or previous intraocular surgery were excluded. RESULTS: Of 234 subjects assessed, 129 had @entity2 , and 105 had PACG. The MDs ( @entity2 group, -13.3 dB; PACG group, -18.0 dB) indicated more severe @entity0 in subjects with PACG. In subjects with @entity2 , the superior hemifield was more severely affected than the inferior. This was less pronounced in subjects with PACG. Following stratification by @entity6 , the difference between hemifields was marked in the mild (-10 dB<or= @entity6 ) and moderate (-20 dB<or= @entity6 <-10 dB) subgroups but was not present in the severe ( @entity6 <-20 dB) subgroup. We detected differences between @entity2 and PACG in retinal sensitivity between the superior and inferior hemifields, independent of severity of damage. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of @entity0 was different in the 2 diseases. This may give insight into the pattern of @entity0 in predominantly pressure-dependent @entity4 .

title: The severity and spatial distribution of @entity0 in XXXX : a comparison of @entity2 and primary @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics of @entity0 in primary @entity5 (PACG) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Subjects with @entity3 aged 30 years and older were prospectively considered for inclusion. Automated static white-on-white perimetry was performed. A minimum of 2 reliable tests was required with a @entity6 ( @entity6 ) within 2 dB on 2 tests. Subjects with previous symptomatic angle-closure, normal-tension @entity3 , visually significant @entity1 , or previous intraocular surgery were excluded. RESULTS: Of 234 subjects assessed, 129 had @entity2 , and 105 had PACG. The MDs ( @entity2 group, -13.3 dB; PACG group, -18.0 dB) indicated more severe @entity0 in subjects with PACG. In subjects with @entity2 , the superior hemifield was more severely affected than the inferior. This was less pronounced in subjects with PACG. Following stratification by @entity6 , the difference between hemifields was marked in the mild (-10 dB<or= @entity6 ) and moderate (-20 dB<or= @entity6 <-10 dB) subgroups but was not present in the severe ( @entity6 <-20 dB) subgroup. We detected differences between @entity2 and PACG in retinal sensitivity between the superior and inferior hemifields, independent of severity of damage. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of @entity0 was different in the 2 diseases. This may give insight into the pattern of @entity0 in predominantly pressure-dependent @entity4 .

title: The severity and spatial distribution of @entity0 in @entity3 : a comparison of @entity2 and primary XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics of @entity0 in primary @entity5 (PACG) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Subjects with @entity3 aged 30 years and older were prospectively considered for inclusion. Automated static white-on-white perimetry was performed. A minimum of 2 reliable tests was required with a @entity6 ( @entity6 ) within 2 dB on 2 tests. Subjects with previous symptomatic angle-closure, normal-tension @entity3 , visually significant @entity1 , or previous intraocular surgery were excluded. RESULTS: Of 234 subjects assessed, 129 had @entity2 , and 105 had PACG. The MDs ( @entity2 group, -13.3 dB; PACG group, -18.0 dB) indicated more severe @entity0 in subjects with PACG. In subjects with @entity2 , the superior hemifield was more severely affected than the inferior. This was less pronounced in subjects with PACG. Following stratification by @entity6 , the difference between hemifields was marked in the mild (-10 dB<or= @entity6 ) and moderate (-20 dB<or= @entity6 <-10 dB) subgroups but was not present in the severe ( @entity6 <-20 dB) subgroup. We detected differences between @entity2 and PACG in retinal sensitivity between the superior and inferior hemifields, independent of severity of damage. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of @entity0 was different in the 2 diseases. This may give insight into the pattern of @entity0 in predominantly pressure-dependent @entity4 .

title: The severity and spatial distribution of @entity0 in @entity3 : a comparison of XXXX and primary @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether nutritional factors and possible risk factors for @entity2 influence the lens optical density (LOD). DESIGN: Three hundred seventy-six subjects, aged 18 to 75 years, were recruited. In a cross-sectional design, serum was analyzed for @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity1 levels. Adipose tissue (n = 187) was analyzed for @entity7 level. The LOD and the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were measured by spectral fundus reflectance. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD LOD at 420 nm was 0.52 +/- 0.17. It showed a significant association with age (beta =.008, P<001) and @entity5 (beta = -.096, P =.02). For subjects 50 years and younger (mean +/- SD LOD, 0.45 +/- 0.11), we found only a single significant beta coefficient, for age (beta =.006, P<.001). For subjects older than 50 years (mean +/- SD LOD, 0.68 +/- 0.16), we found significant beta coefficients for age (beta =.011, P<.001) and @entity5 (beta = -.240, P =.005). Controlling for age, we found no associations between LOD and other possible risk factors for age-related @entity2 or serum or adipose tissue concentrations of carotenoids, @entity3 , and @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Macular pigment is composed of @entity7 and @entity6 , the only carotenoids found in @entity0 lenses. The inverse relationship between LOD and @entity5 suggests that @entity7 and @entity6 may retard aging of the lens.

title: Lens aging in relation to nutritional determinants and possible risk factors for age-related XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Family therapy has emerged as the treatment of choice for young @entity0 with @entity1 , yet there is insufficient knowledge about what actually happens within the family unit in these cases. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how a family undergoing treatment due to an anorectic @entity0 changes their mode of functioning. Twenty-six families were studied. The concepts chosen in the study were closely linked to fundamental principles advocated by the therapeutic model used in the treatment, using a multi-method approach with both observer ratings and self-rating questionnaires. According to observer ratings, the families had changed towards a more functional pattern on all dimensions rated. They had a clearer hierarchy and a higher degree of competency. Cohesion and Adaptability had changed towards a more balanced pattern, away from enmeshment and @entity2 . According to self-ratings, the families changed toward more expressiveness. Families where the @entity0 had recovered were less enmeshed at follow-up. We also found a tendency towards higher degree of competence in these families.

title: XXXX in teenagers: change in family function after family therapy, at 2-year follow-up.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the safety and efficacy of anhydrous crystalline @entity3 for treatment of @entity2 and other symptoms of dryness in @entity0 with primary @entity1 . DESIGN: Anhydrous crystalline @entity3 was delivered orally as a 200-mg lozenge given three times daily over a 24-week period to a total of 100 subjects. All @entity0 had prominent complaints of persistent @entity2 associated with primary @entity1 . @entity0 were examined at baseline and every 6 weeks of treatment. SETTINGS: @entity0 were seen in outpatient clinics at a total of 27 sites within the United States. OUTCOME MEASURES: Unstimulated whole saliva output, a measure of basal salivary gland function, was determined at each visit. Symptoms associated with oral and ocular dryness were assessed at the same time with the use of 100-mm visual analogue scales. Safety was assessed by physical examination and laboratory studies. RESULTS: During this clinical trial, a majority of evaluable subjects (39/76) demonstrated an increase in unstimulated whole saliva output, and the treatment exhibited an excellent safety profile. The anhydrous crystalline @entity3 treatment led to significant improvement in several subjective measures of oral and ocular comfort. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, anhydrous crystalline @entity3 lozenges administered three times daily for 24 weeks improved salivary output and decreased complaints of @entity2 and eyes in @entity0 with primary @entity1 . Side-effects were minimal, and treatment was without significant adverse events. These results are similar to the benefits observed in two prior studies reported by the authors. This safe and simple intervention appears to provide clinical benefit to primary @entity1 @entity0 with distressing @entity2 .

title: A third study on the use of orally administered anhydrous crystalline @entity3 for relief of @entity2 in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the safety and efficacy of anhydrous crystalline @entity3 for treatment of @entity2 and other symptoms of dryness in @entity0 with primary @entity1 . DESIGN: Anhydrous crystalline @entity3 was delivered orally as a 200-mg lozenge given three times daily over a 24-week period to a total of 100 subjects. All @entity0 had prominent complaints of persistent @entity2 associated with primary @entity1 . @entity0 were examined at baseline and every 6 weeks of treatment. SETTINGS: @entity0 were seen in outpatient clinics at a total of 27 sites within the United States. OUTCOME MEASURES: Unstimulated whole saliva output, a measure of basal salivary gland function, was determined at each visit. Symptoms associated with oral and ocular dryness were assessed at the same time with the use of 100-mm visual analogue scales. Safety was assessed by physical examination and laboratory studies. RESULTS: During this clinical trial, a majority of evaluable subjects (39/76) demonstrated an increase in unstimulated whole saliva output, and the treatment exhibited an excellent safety profile. The anhydrous crystalline @entity3 treatment led to significant improvement in several subjective measures of oral and ocular comfort. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, anhydrous crystalline @entity3 lozenges administered three times daily for 24 weeks improved salivary output and decreased complaints of @entity2 and eyes in @entity0 with primary @entity1 . Side-effects were minimal, and treatment was without significant adverse events. These results are similar to the benefits observed in two prior studies reported by the authors. This safe and simple intervention appears to provide clinical benefit to primary @entity1 @entity0 with distressing @entity2 .

title: A third study on the use of orally administered anhydrous crystalline XXXX for relief of @entity2 in primary @entity1 .

answer: @entity3