abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the results of removing physical restraints from elderly @entity0 with @entity2 living in nursing homes. This objective is part of a wider process of change in residential care. METHODS: Quasi-experimental study conducted in two residences from May 2010 to May 2012. Information was collected at 7 time points and longitudinal analyses were performed. After training staff, the physical restraints in El Puig centre were phased out, while in the Conarda centre, restraints were still applied to elderly @entity0 . The main variables studied were: falls, psychotropic medication prescriptions, different indicators of @entity1 , and degree of @entity3 (Norton, NPI, Mini-mental, Tinetti, Barthel). RESULTS: In the El Puig centre all the physical restraints were removed. A slight improvement was seen in the number of falls, and their consequences. The ANOVA showed significant improvements in the centre that removed restraints in prescribing psychotropic medications, @entity1 , and behavioural changes. DISCUSSION: It is shown that removing physical restraints do not cause negative effects as regards the number of falls, and also positively affects the welfare and independence of elderly @entity0 (through changes in behaviour and @entity1 ). Furthermore, it is demonstrated that this program must be accompanied by the reduction and control of medicines (withdrawal of the number of psychotropic prescriptions).

title: [Effects of a physical restraint removal program on older XXXX with @entity2 in residential care].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of the hysteroscopic polypectomy in terms of the decrease of the abnormal uterine @entity1 . METHODS: A cross-sectional and analytical study was done with @entity0 to whom a hysteroscopic polypectomy was done for treating the abnormal uterine @entity1 , between January 2009 and December 2013. The response to the treatment was evaluated via a survey given to the @entity0 about the behavior of the abnormal uterine @entity1 after the procedure and about overall satisfaction. RESULTS: The results were obtained after a hysteroscopic polypectomy done to 128 @entity0 and were as follows. The average time from the polypectomy applied until the survey was 30.5 months, with a standard deviation of 18 months. 67.2% of the @entity0 reported @entity3 and the 32.8% reported a persistence of symptoms. On average 82.8% of the. @entity0 were satisfied with the treatment. Bivariate and multivariate analysis showed no association between the variables studied and no improvement of abnormal uterine @entity1 after surgery (polypectomy). There were no complications. CONCLUSION: Hysteroscopic polypectomy is a safe surgical treatment, which decreases on two of three @entity0 the abnormal uterine @entity1 in the presence of @entity2 , with an acceptable level of satisfaction.

title: [Hysteroscopic polypectomy, treatment of abnormal uterine XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cavernous smooth @entity1 is effected through a complex biochemical pathway; therefore, a defect in any step of this pathway may result in @entity3 . Administration of pharmacologic agents which cause relaxation of the cavernous smooth muscle through a different mechanism may serve as an effective therapeutic alternative for @entity3 @entity0 . To test this hypothesis two @entity4 channel openers, @entity5 and @entity7 , were used to initiate and maintain cavernous smooth @entity1 . The drugs were given as intracavernous injections in two animal models. In 10 @entity2 @entity5 and @entity7 produced full erection. With @entity5 (10(-2) M), the mean intracavernous pressure increased from a baseline pressure of 32.6 +/- 3.43 cm @entity6 to a peak intracavernous pressure of 131.8 +/- 12.01 cm @entity6 , and remained elevated for a period of 17.8 +/- 9.4 min. With @entity7 (10(-2) M) intracavernous pressure rose from a baseline pressure of 32 +/- 2.55 cm @entity6 to a peak intracavernous pressure of 140 +/- 3.39 cm @entity6 , for a period of 19.4 +/- 0.89 min. Additionally, in 5 primates injected with @entity7 (10(-2) M) intracavernous pressure rose from 24 +/- 3.81 to 131.2 +/- 7.56 cm @entity6 , for 27.0 +/- 4.79 min. It is concluded that both @entity5 and @entity7 can initiate and maintain erection in @entity2 and that @entity7 produces a similar erectile response in monkeys. Further study of the local and systemic effects of chronic injection is needed to determine whether this class of pharmacologic agents can provide therapy for @entity3 @entity0 .

title: The effect of intracavernous injection of XXXX channel openers in monkeys and @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Cavernous smooth @entity1 is effected through a complex biochemical pathway; therefore, a defect in any step of this pathway may result in @entity3 . Administration of pharmacologic agents which cause relaxation of the cavernous smooth muscle through a different mechanism may serve as an effective therapeutic alternative for @entity3 @entity0 . To test this hypothesis two @entity4 channel openers, @entity5 and @entity7 , were used to initiate and maintain cavernous smooth @entity1 . The drugs were given as intracavernous injections in two animal models. In 10 @entity2 @entity5 and @entity7 produced full erection. With @entity5 (10(-2) M), the mean intracavernous pressure increased from a baseline pressure of 32.6 +/- 3.43 cm @entity6 to a peak intracavernous pressure of 131.8 +/- 12.01 cm @entity6 , and remained elevated for a period of 17.8 +/- 9.4 min. With @entity7 (10(-2) M) intracavernous pressure rose from a baseline pressure of 32 +/- 2.55 cm @entity6 to a peak intracavernous pressure of 140 +/- 3.39 cm @entity6 , for a period of 19.4 +/- 0.89 min. Additionally, in 5 primates injected with @entity7 (10(-2) M) intracavernous pressure rose from 24 +/- 3.81 to 131.2 +/- 7.56 cm @entity6 , for 27.0 +/- 4.79 min. It is concluded that both @entity5 and @entity7 can initiate and maintain erection in @entity2 and that @entity7 produces a similar erectile response in monkeys. Further study of the local and systemic effects of chronic injection is needed to determine whether this class of pharmacologic agents can provide therapy for @entity3 @entity0 .

title: The effect of intracavernous injection of @entity4 channel openers in monkeys and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 occurring in pregnant @entity0 represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to a broad spectrum of the medical profession. Not only is the association rare, but the clinical signs and symptoms are obscured by physiological changes that occur during pregnancy. As a result, diagnosis is often delayed until @entity0 present with life-threatening complications. STUDY DESIGN: This report describes three cases of @entity3 occurring during pregnancy. RESULTS: Although the diagnosis was initially missed in two @entity0 , delayed treatment was not associated with an adverse outcome. In a third @entity0 , conservative management was complicated by rupture of the cyst which resulted in fetal loss and a protracted hospital course. Definitive cyst surgery resulted in a good long-term result in all three @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity3 rarely occur in pregnancy, clinicians need to be aware of the condition, as delayed or inappropriate therapy may be catastrophic for both mother and @entity0 . Once the diagnosis is established, @entity0 should be referred to specialized centers where treatment can be carefully planned, bearing in mind maternal and fetal well-being, as well as the likelihood of @entity2 both in the short- and long-term period. Excision with reconstruction is the procedure of choice to treat this type of cyst in nonpregnant @entity0 . In pregnancy, however, a more conservative approach may have to be adopted until the second trimester or after delivery, when the surgical risk is lowest. Elective cesarean section should be undertaken in @entity0 in whom the cyst has not been decompressed so as to avoid the complication of @entity1 .

title: XXXX in pregnancy: a therapeutic dilemma.

answer: @entity3


abstract: To compare the diagnostic value of @entity1 stress echocardiography with dipyridamole thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in detecting @entity2 ( @entity2 ), we performed both tests on 54 @entity0 who also underwent coronary arteriography. @entity1 was infused at an incremental regimen of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. Dipyridamole was infused at a rate of 0.14 mg.kg-1.min-1 over 4 min. @entity1 stress echocardiography detected 40 (93%) and SPECT 42 (98%, P = ns) of the 43 @entity0 with significant @entity2 , defined as > or = 50% diameter @entity3 . The specificity was 73% (8 of 11) for both tests. The sensitivity for detecting individual @entity4 with @entity1 stress echocardiography was 81% (30 of 37) for the left anterior descending artery, 75% (24 of 32) for the right coronary artery, and 61% (17 of 28) for the left circumflex artery. For SPECT it was 89%, 97% (P < 0.05 vs @entity1 stress echocardiography) and 75%, respectively. Among the 97 stenotic coronary arteries, 17 had mild to moderate @entity3 (50%-69% diameter @entity3 ) and 80 had severe @entity3 (> or = 70% diameter @entity3 ). With @entity1 stress echocardiography, 53% of the arteries with mild to moderate @entity3 were identified vs 78% of those with severe @entity3 (P < 0.05). With SPECT, the sensitivity was 82% (14 of 17) in mild to moderate @entity3 and 89% (71 of 80) in severe @entity3 (P = ns). No major side effects occurred during either test. Thus, both @entity1 stress and SPECT are highly sensitive for detection and localization of @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX stress echocardiography compared with dipyridamole thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography in detecting @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: To compare the diagnostic value of @entity1 stress echocardiography with dipyridamole thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in detecting @entity2 ( @entity2 ), we performed both tests on 54 @entity0 who also underwent coronary arteriography. @entity1 was infused at an incremental regimen of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. Dipyridamole was infused at a rate of 0.14 mg.kg-1.min-1 over 4 min. @entity1 stress echocardiography detected 40 (93%) and SPECT 42 (98%, P = ns) of the 43 @entity0 with significant @entity2 , defined as > or = 50% diameter @entity3 . The specificity was 73% (8 of 11) for both tests. The sensitivity for detecting individual @entity4 with @entity1 stress echocardiography was 81% (30 of 37) for the left anterior descending artery, 75% (24 of 32) for the right coronary artery, and 61% (17 of 28) for the left circumflex artery. For SPECT it was 89%, 97% (P < 0.05 vs @entity1 stress echocardiography) and 75%, respectively. Among the 97 stenotic coronary arteries, 17 had mild to moderate @entity3 (50%-69% diameter @entity3 ) and 80 had severe @entity3 (> or = 70% diameter @entity3 ). With @entity1 stress echocardiography, 53% of the arteries with mild to moderate @entity3 were identified vs 78% of those with severe @entity3 (P < 0.05). With SPECT, the sensitivity was 82% (14 of 17) in mild to moderate @entity3 and 89% (71 of 80) in severe @entity3 (P = ns). No major side effects occurred during either test. Thus, both @entity1 stress and SPECT are highly sensitive for detection and localization of @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity1 stress echocardiography compared with dipyridamole thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography in detecting XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Inhibitory @entity4 are considered as major transmitters in the vestibular system. Using intracellular recordings in slices, we applied @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity6 (a specific agonist of the GABAA receptor) to the two main types of medial vestibular nucleus neurones (A and B MVNn). In either a high Mg2+/low @entity0 solution, or a solution containing tetrodotoxin, all MVNn were hyperpolarized by @entity3 and @entity6 . This indicates that both types of MVNn are endowed with postsynaptic, hyperpolarising GABAA receptors. In a normal medium, about half of A and B MVNn were, in contrast, depolarised by @entity3 and @entity6 , whereas the remaining cells were hyperpolarised. These results could be due to a modulation by @entity3 and @entity6 of a tonic @entity3 release in the slice. Such a release was, indeed, suggested by results showing the depolarising effect of either @entity1 ( @entity5 ) or @entity2 , when applied alone. The cells that were depolarised by @entity3 or @entity6 in control conditions were always hyperpolarised in the presence of @entity5 . Our data therefore suggest that @entity3 acting at GABAA receptors in the medial vestibular nucleus can play a role either through a postsynaptic hyperpolarising action or indirectly by inhibiting a tonic @entity3 release, probably resulting from the spontaneous activity of local inhibitory interneurones. A GABAergic regulation of these interneurones could be important in processes of vestibular habituation and/or adaptation.

title: Direct and indirect effects of XXXX on medial vestibular nucleus neurones in guinea-pig brainstem slices.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (poly Ig-R) mediates transcytosis of IgA and IgM antibodies produced by local plasma cells across epithelial cells of mucosal and glandular tissues. Gene expression of the poly-Ig R was analyzed in @entity1 mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. The poly Ig-R was expressed as early as day 8 (G8) of gestation and mRNA accumulation remained low until about G18. From G21, the mRNA abundance increased and reached steady state levels approximately 5-fold higher at day 15 of lactation (L15) when compared to basal levels at G8. The hormonal regulation of @entity5 gene expression was assessed in mammary organ cultures. Poly-Ig R mRNA accumulation in mammary explants cultured for 24 or 48 h in the presence of ovine prolactin (oPRL) was significantly increased to a maximal 4-fold level at 1 microgram ml-1 of oPRL. @entity0 (100 pg ml-1) or @entity4 (1 microgram ml-1) did not further stimulate poly-Ig R expression. In contrast, their combination resulted in a significant 30-50% decrease of poly-Ig-R mRNA levels. The addition of 1 microgram ml-1 of @entity3 to medium in the absence or presence of @entity0 or @entity4 decreased the amount of poly-Ig-R mRNA. The results suggest that until mid-pregnancy, poly-Ig-R expression is inhibited by elevated @entity4 - @entity0 concentrations and that the subsequent increase is due to the concomitant decrease of the two circulating @entity2 and the increase of serum prolactin levels.

title: Polymeric-Ig receptor gene expression in XXXX mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation: evolution and hormonal regulation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Achieving colonoscopy under general anaesthesia entails the problem of ambulatory-care anaesthesia, in particular because perception of @entity0 's recovery determines to some extent the length of monitoring following colonoscopy. The aims of the study was to assess the quality of @entity0 's recovery after a colonoscopy under general anaesthesia while using @entity2 , by means of psychomotor-tests. METHODS--Colonoscopy was performed in 40 @entity0 according to the following anaesthetic protocol: induction: @entity2 2 mg/kg, continuous support: @entity2 10 mg/kg/h i.v. with a 50 mg bolus in case of insufficient sedation; series of 3 psychomotor-tests were performed the day before and 1 hour, 3 hours and 6 hours after colonoscopy. The 3 psychomotor-tests studied: coordination (Newman test), time-space orientation and short-term memory. RESULTS--Forty @entity0 , 25 females and 15 males, underwent colonoscopy with general anaesthesia for an average time-period of 22 +/- 11 min. The mean dose of @entity2 used was 286 +/- 102 mg. Awakening was complete in all @entity0 , according to physical criteria such as @entity1 and cardiovascular status, 20 min after receiving colonoscopy. The average psychomotor-tests results over time were (as percentages of original values) (*P < 10(-3); **P < 0.05): [table: see text] At 6 hours, 35 @entity0 (87.5%) had recovered to their original performance and at 3 hours, 30 @entity0 (75%) retained 90% their former state as measured with 3 psychomotor-tests. Neither by age or sex nor by @entity2 doses used or length or anaesthesia, the study population differed significantly. CONCLUSION--Three hours after colonoscopy under general anaesthesia using @entity2 , 30 @entity0 (75%) had recovered at least 90% to their initial performances. Newman test was the most disturbed but there was no predictive factor for the quality of recovery. Psychomotor-tests may be useful before authorizing early discharge after colonoscopy under general anaesthesia but other recommendations about conditions of discharge after sedation must be also implemented.

title: [Quality of psychomotor recovery after colonoscopy under general anesthesia using XXXX . Value of tests of awakening].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Endoscopic therapy is effective in securing hemostasis for bleeding @entity1 , but bleeding recurs in 10% to 30% of @entity0 . Prospective identification of @entity0 at increased risk for rebleeding is requisite to reducing rebleeding rates. We previously developed a three-component scoring system that identifies @entity0 at increased risk for rebleeding. In the present study, we prospectively validated our scoring system. Forty-seven @entity0 ranging in age from 23 to 95 years in whom endoscopic therapy for bleeding @entity1 was successful were studied. @entity0 with pre-endoscopy scores greater than 5 or postendoscopy scores greater than 10 were stratified as high-risk, and @entity0 with pre-endoscopy scores of 5 or less and post-endoscopy scores of 10 or less as low-risk. Twenty-six @entity0 were categorized as high-risk and 19 as low-risk. All @entity0 were followed until discharged from the hospital. The rebleeding rate for high-risk @entity0 was 31% (8 of 26), compared with 0 for low-risk @entity0 (p < .05). We conclude that our scoring system accurately predicts @entity0 at increased risk for rebleeding after successful endoscopic therapy of bleeding @entity1 .

title: Prospective validation of the Baylor bleeding score for predicting the likelihood of rebleeding after endoscopic hemostasis of peptic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The present study was carried out to clarify the usefulness of and problems associated with a new ultrasound probe in the assessment of invasion of @entity2 . Normal colorectal wall of 23 resected specimens from @entity2 cases was examined in vitro with the probe. Fifty-one @entity0 with @entity2 and 16 @entity0 with @entity1 were presurgically examined using the probe via the biopsy channel of a conventional colonoscope. After endoscopic and ultrasonographic examination, 27 @entity0 underwent endoscopic resection and 40 underwent surgical resection. The ultrasonographic findings were compared with histologic findings in all cases. @entity3 and @entity1 were visualized as an echo-poor region with the probe. The overall accuracy rate for depth of invasion was 76% (39/51) for @entity2 . The accuracy rates for @entity1 limited to the mucosa and @entity1 invading the submucosa were 83% and 90%, respectively; these rates were higher than those for @entity1 invading the muscularis propria (50%) and beyond the muscularis propria (73%). In all 16 cases of @entity1 , the depth of invasion was accurately shown to be limited to the submucosa. This probe is useful to assess invasion of @entity2 , especially small and flat lesions limited to the mucosa or submucosa.

title: Endoscopic assessment of invasion of XXXX with a new high-frequency ultrasound probe.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The prevalence of @entity3 is influenced by sex and age. Although @entity1 models are widely used in @entity4 research, few experimental studies have examined the interaction effects of sex and age on @entity4 outcomes. Our aim was to investigate the individual and combined effects of sex and age on @entity3 sensitization and @entity2 in two @entity1 models: an intraperitoneal (i.p.) and an intranasal (i.n.) sensitization model. We also investigated how the allergen immunization dose interacted with age and sex in the i.p. model. Female and male @entity1 were immunized i.p. or i.n. with @entity5 when 1, 6 or 20   weeks old. In both models, allergen challenges were performed by i.n. delivery. Serum antibodies, draining lymph node cytokine release and airway inflammatory responses were assessed. In the i.p. model, the antibody and cytokine levels and airway @entity2 were highly influenced by immunization dose and age. The responses increased with age when using a low immunization dose, but decreased with age when using a high immunization dose. In the i.n. model, antibody production and airway tissue @entity2 increased with age. Female compared with male @entity1 generally developed more pronounced antibody and inflammatory responses. Relative to older @entity1 , juvenile @entity1 had augmented airway @entity2 to allergen exposures. The study demonstrates that immunization dose, sex and age are highly influential on @entity4 outcomes. To better mimic different life stages of @entity0 @entity3 airway disease, @entity1 models, therefore, require careful optimization.

title: Determinants of experimental XXXX responses: interactions between allergen dose, sex and age.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an outpatient team management program for @entity0 with early chronic @entity2 would produce improved clinical outcomes and lower costs than traditional, nonteam outpatient rheumatologic care in a clinic setting. METHODS: One hundred eighteen @entity0 with chronic @entity2 were randomly assigned to a team managed outpatient care program (TEAMCARE) or to traditional, one on one, nonteam managed rheumatologic care (TRADCARE). The TEAMCARE program consisted of a half day educational program, a needs assessment intake interview, and quarterly telephone calls, monthly team meetings, and routine rheumatologic care. TRADCARE @entity0 received unconstrained, routine primary and specialty outpatient care as practised typically by rheumatologists at this large multi-specialty clinic. All @entity0 had numerous physical and laboratory outcome assessments by rheumatologists at office visit. Every 6 months, @entity0 completed several self-report measures of functional status, @entity1 , psychosocial status, and costs. RESULTS: One hundred seven @entity0 completed one year of study participation. No significant differences were found between groups in measures of physical status, physical functioning, psychosocial status, or @entity1 . There were no differences between groups in economic or utilization measures. CONCLUSION: This team managed outpatient program for @entity0 with recent onset chronic @entity2 afforded no advantage to routine outpatient care, characterized mainly by one on one relationships between @entity0 and primary care doctors and rheumatologists, in our active outpatient clinical environment.

title: Team managed outpatient care for early onset chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: As in @entity0 , the addition of a second active drug is believed to enhance treatment efficacy; however, the extent to which a combination of two low-dose drugs outperforms conventional monotherapy remains uncertain. Established treatments of @entity6 comprises @entity10 compounds, beta-blockers and @entity2 antagonists, which are often given in combination. Beta-blockers are major players in this field as they inhibit the @entity4 induced by @entity10 and @entity2 antagonists; there is therefore a pathophysiological justification for their use in combination therapy, supported by repeated confirmation of positive clinical effect. The most widely chosen @entity2 antagonists are @entity14 ; @entity9 may impair conduction. However, it is not clear whether combination enhances the effects of the individual antianginal substances. Diuretics are for most clinicians the keystone treatment of @entity5 ; diuretics are often combined with other drugs, e.g. @entity12 and @entity8 . The latter also have a beneficial effect on myocardial structure (myocardium/collagen ratio). ACE-inhibitors are of proven clinical efficacy, and, in addition, have a beneficial effect on survival. They combine well with diuretics: because the diuretic stimulates renin release, the ACE-inhibitor can be given at a lower dose (enhancement of effect). There are, however, certain drawbacks ( @entity3 , @entity11 with antialdosterones). The results of combining ACE-inhibitors with @entity2 antagonists and beta-blockers await investigation. The ISIS studies demonstrated the advantages of combining beta-blockers, thrombolysis and @entity1 in acute @entity7 . ACE-inhibitors have recently been added to the regimen with a positive effect (extended survival), especially in the presence of a decreased ejection fraction (SAVE, @entity13 , GISSI 3 and ISIS 4 studies).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Combination therapy in cardiovascular diseases other than XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study evaluated the "oldest old" Intensive Care Unit (ICU) @entity1 @entity0 , defined as @entity0 of age 75 and over, to determine the relationships between age, injury magnitude, physiologic severity of illness, and outcome in this group, compared with younger @entity1 @entity0 . Of 1,039 consecutive @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 with complete data, 45 were in the Oldest group, 54 were in the Elderly group (ages 65 to 74), and 940 were in the Younger group (age < 65). Age, sex, and type of @entity1 (penetrating versus blunt) did not predict outcome. The Injury Severity Score (ISS) was significantly higher in the Oldest group than in the other groups (p = 0.0005), but the @entity1 Score was the same for all groups. The proportion of Oldest group @entity0 with ISS > or = 20 was significantly higher than for Elderly and Younger group @entity0 (p = 0.0002 and p < 0.00005, respectively). The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on the first @entity3 day was the best outcome predictor for all age groups, along with maximum @entity2 during the @entity3 stay (p < 0.00005 for both). When @entity0 were stratified by ISS, there was a statistically significant difference in day 1 @entity2 among age groups for most ISS categories, with higher @entity2 associated with advancing age. The oldest old fare worse with @entity1 because their injury is more severe (higher ISS) and because their physiologic response to a given level of injury is exaggerated (higher @entity2 ). However, once the oldest old are stratified by @entity2 , their outcome parallels that of their younger @entity1 cohorts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Outcome from critical care in the "oldest old" XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study evaluated the "oldest old" Intensive Care Unit (ICU) @entity1 @entity0 , defined as @entity0 of age 75 and over, to determine the relationships between age, injury magnitude, physiologic severity of illness, and outcome in this group, compared with younger @entity1 @entity0 . Of 1,039 consecutive @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 with complete data, 45 were in the Oldest group, 54 were in the Elderly group (ages 65 to 74), and 940 were in the Younger group (age < 65). Age, sex, and type of @entity1 (penetrating versus blunt) did not predict outcome. The Injury Severity Score (ISS) was significantly higher in the Oldest group than in the other groups (p = 0.0005), but the @entity1 Score was the same for all groups. The proportion of Oldest group @entity0 with ISS > or = 20 was significantly higher than for Elderly and Younger group @entity0 (p = 0.0002 and p < 0.00005, respectively). The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on the first @entity3 day was the best outcome predictor for all age groups, along with maximum @entity2 during the @entity3 stay (p < 0.00005 for both). When @entity0 were stratified by ISS, there was a statistically significant difference in day 1 @entity2 among age groups for most ISS categories, with higher @entity2 associated with advancing age. The oldest old fare worse with @entity1 because their injury is more severe (higher ISS) and because their physiologic response to a given level of injury is exaggerated (higher @entity2 ). However, once the oldest old are stratified by @entity2 , their outcome parallels that of their younger @entity1 cohorts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Outcome from critical care in the "oldest old" @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: The pathogenesis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is not well understood. @entity6 ) may be involved in @entity1 , but few studies have compared cell-cycle protein expression in @entity0 . The aim was to determine the extent of @entity7 in different histological subtypes of @entity3 and its impact on the expression of key cell-cycle proteins: @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) protein. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight @entity3 samples were examined immunohistochemically for @entity5 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) , @entity2 and @entity9 protein expression. One hundred and two cases were typed for HPV by PCR. HPV DNA was detected in 56% of @entity0 , with @entity8 present in 81%. @entity0 were related strongly to @entity7 (10 of 13), while verrucous were not (three of 13). Fifty-nine per cent (38 of 64) of usual type SCCs had @entity7 . @entity5 protein correlated negatively (P<0.0001) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (P<0.0001) and @entity9 (P=0.0002) correlated positively with @entity7 . @entity2 did not correlate with @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 is present in more than half of @entity0 and it is responsible for @entity5 pathway disruption. However, no link between HPV and @entity2 immunodetection was found. Only basaloid and half of usual-type PSSCs correlate with @entity7 , confirming possible separate aetiologies for those @entity0 .

title: The @entity5 protein/ XXXX @entity4 pathway but not @entity2 is disrupted by @entity6 in @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: The pathogenesis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is not well understood. @entity6 ) may be involved in @entity1 , but few studies have compared cell-cycle protein expression in @entity0 . The aim was to determine the extent of @entity7 in different histological subtypes of @entity3 and its impact on the expression of key cell-cycle proteins: @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) protein. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight @entity3 samples were examined immunohistochemically for @entity5 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) , @entity2 and @entity9 protein expression. One hundred and two cases were typed for HPV by PCR. HPV DNA was detected in 56% of @entity0 , with @entity8 present in 81%. @entity0 were related strongly to @entity7 (10 of 13), while verrucous were not (three of 13). Fifty-nine per cent (38 of 64) of usual type SCCs had @entity7 . @entity5 protein correlated negatively (P<0.0001) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (P<0.0001) and @entity9 (P=0.0002) correlated positively with @entity7 . @entity2 did not correlate with @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 is present in more than half of @entity0 and it is responsible for @entity5 pathway disruption. However, no link between HPV and @entity2 immunodetection was found. Only basaloid and half of usual-type PSSCs correlate with @entity7 , confirming possible separate aetiologies for those @entity0 .

title: The @entity5 protein/ @entity4 XXXX pathway but not @entity2 is disrupted by @entity6 in @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: The pathogenesis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is not well understood. @entity6 ) may be involved in @entity1 , but few studies have compared cell-cycle protein expression in @entity0 . The aim was to determine the extent of @entity7 in different histological subtypes of @entity3 and its impact on the expression of key cell-cycle proteins: @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) protein. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight @entity3 samples were examined immunohistochemically for @entity5 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) , @entity2 and @entity9 protein expression. One hundred and two cases were typed for HPV by PCR. HPV DNA was detected in 56% of @entity0 , with @entity8 present in 81%. @entity0 were related strongly to @entity7 (10 of 13), while verrucous were not (three of 13). Fifty-nine per cent (38 of 64) of usual type SCCs had @entity7 . @entity5 protein correlated negatively (P<0.0001) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (P<0.0001) and @entity9 (P=0.0002) correlated positively with @entity7 . @entity2 did not correlate with @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 is present in more than half of @entity0 and it is responsible for @entity5 pathway disruption. However, no link between HPV and @entity2 immunodetection was found. Only basaloid and half of usual-type PSSCs correlate with @entity7 , confirming possible separate aetiologies for those @entity0 .

title: The @entity5 protein/ @entity4 @entity4 pathway but not XXXX is disrupted by @entity6 in @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: The pathogenesis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is not well understood. @entity6 ) may be involved in @entity1 , but few studies have compared cell-cycle protein expression in @entity0 . The aim was to determine the extent of @entity7 in different histological subtypes of @entity3 and its impact on the expression of key cell-cycle proteins: @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) protein. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight @entity3 samples were examined immunohistochemically for @entity5 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) , @entity2 and @entity9 protein expression. One hundred and two cases were typed for HPV by PCR. HPV DNA was detected in 56% of @entity0 , with @entity8 present in 81%. @entity0 were related strongly to @entity7 (10 of 13), while verrucous were not (three of 13). Fifty-nine per cent (38 of 64) of usual type SCCs had @entity7 . @entity5 protein correlated negatively (P<0.0001) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (P<0.0001) and @entity9 (P=0.0002) correlated positively with @entity7 . @entity2 did not correlate with @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 is present in more than half of @entity0 and it is responsible for @entity5 pathway disruption. However, no link between HPV and @entity2 immunodetection was found. Only basaloid and half of usual-type PSSCs correlate with @entity7 , confirming possible separate aetiologies for those @entity0 .

title: The @entity5 protein/ @entity4 @entity4 pathway but not @entity2 is disrupted by XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIMS: The pathogenesis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is not well understood. @entity6 ) may be involved in @entity1 , but few studies have compared cell-cycle protein expression in @entity0 . The aim was to determine the extent of @entity7 in different histological subtypes of @entity3 and its impact on the expression of key cell-cycle proteins: @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) protein. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight @entity3 samples were examined immunohistochemically for @entity5 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) , @entity2 and @entity9 protein expression. One hundred and two cases were typed for HPV by PCR. HPV DNA was detected in 56% of @entity0 , with @entity8 present in 81%. @entity0 were related strongly to @entity7 (10 of 13), while verrucous were not (three of 13). Fifty-nine per cent (38 of 64) of usual type SCCs had @entity7 . @entity5 protein correlated negatively (P<0.0001) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (P<0.0001) and @entity9 (P=0.0002) correlated positively with @entity7 . @entity2 did not correlate with @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 is present in more than half of @entity0 and it is responsible for @entity5 pathway disruption. However, no link between HPV and @entity2 immunodetection was found. Only basaloid and half of usual-type PSSCs correlate with @entity7 , confirming possible separate aetiologies for those @entity0 .

title: The @entity5 protein/ @entity4 @entity4 pathway but not @entity2 is disrupted by @entity6 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: The pathogenesis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is not well understood. @entity6 ) may be involved in @entity1 , but few studies have compared cell-cycle protein expression in @entity0 . The aim was to determine the extent of @entity7 in different histological subtypes of @entity3 and its impact on the expression of key cell-cycle proteins: @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) protein. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight @entity3 samples were examined immunohistochemically for @entity5 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) , @entity2 and @entity9 protein expression. One hundred and two cases were typed for HPV by PCR. HPV DNA was detected in 56% of @entity0 , with @entity8 present in 81%. @entity0 were related strongly to @entity7 (10 of 13), while verrucous were not (three of 13). Fifty-nine per cent (38 of 64) of usual type SCCs had @entity7 . @entity5 protein correlated negatively (P<0.0001) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (P<0.0001) and @entity9 (P=0.0002) correlated positively with @entity7 . @entity2 did not correlate with @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 is present in more than half of @entity0 and it is responsible for @entity5 pathway disruption. However, no link between HPV and @entity2 immunodetection was found. Only basaloid and half of usual-type PSSCs correlate with @entity7 , confirming possible separate aetiologies for those @entity0 .

title: The XXXX protein/ @entity4 @entity4 pathway but not @entity2 is disrupted by @entity6 in @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) remains a major factor in morbidity and @entity3 in severely injured @entity0 , especially those in specific high-risk groups. PEs have been documented to occur despite routine @entity7 prophylaxis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of prophylactic Greenfield filter (PGF) placement in @entity0 who have @entity8 with known high-risk injuries for @entity4 . METHODS: From January 1992 to June 1994, PGF were prospectively placed in 108 @entity0 who had an injury severity score greater than 9 and met one of the following criteria: (1) severe @entity5 with prolonged ventilator dependence, (2) severe @entity5 with multiple @entity2 , (3) @entity10 with or without @entity6 , (4) major abdominal or pelvic penetrating @entity9 , (5) pelvic @entity2 with @entity2 . These @entity0 were compared with 216 @entity0 , historically matched for age, sex, mechanism of @entity1 severity score, and days in the intensive care unit. Data analysis was done with chi-squared and Student's t testing. RESULT: There were no statistical differences between the PGF and control group with regard to age (35.9 +/- 1.5 vs 38.3 +/- 1.4), sex (male 76% vs 75.5%), days in the intensive care unit (21.2 +/- 1.4 vs 18.1 +/- 1.5), ISS (28.0 +/- 1.0 vs 25.4 +/- 0.8) and mechanism of injury (blunt 85% vs 81%). None of the @entity0 in the PGF group had a @entity4 . In the control group, however, 13 @entity0 had a @entity4 , nine of which were fatal. These differences were statistically significant for both @entity4 (p < 0.009) and @entity4 -related @entity3 (p < 0.03). The overall mortality rate was reduced in the PGF group (18 of 108, 16%) versus the control group (47 of 216, 22%); however, this did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSION: PGF insertion in selected @entity0 at high risk who had @entity1 effectively prevented both fatal and nonfatal @entity4 . The lower incidence of fatal @entity4 in the PGF group may have contributed to a reduction in the overall mortality rate. @entity0 who have @entity1 with high risk for @entity4 should be considered for PGF placement.

title: Prophylactic Greenfield filter placement in selected high-risk XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) remains a major factor in morbidity and @entity3 in severely injured @entity0 , especially those in specific high-risk groups. PEs have been documented to occur despite routine @entity7 prophylaxis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of prophylactic Greenfield filter (PGF) placement in @entity0 who have @entity8 with known high-risk injuries for @entity4 . METHODS: From January 1992 to June 1994, PGF were prospectively placed in 108 @entity0 who had an injury severity score greater than 9 and met one of the following criteria: (1) severe @entity5 with prolonged ventilator dependence, (2) severe @entity5 with multiple @entity2 , (3) @entity10 with or without @entity6 , (4) major abdominal or pelvic penetrating @entity9 , (5) pelvic @entity2 with @entity2 . These @entity0 were compared with 216 @entity0 , historically matched for age, sex, mechanism of @entity1 severity score, and days in the intensive care unit. Data analysis was done with chi-squared and Student's t testing. RESULT: There were no statistical differences between the PGF and control group with regard to age (35.9 +/- 1.5 vs 38.3 +/- 1.4), sex (male 76% vs 75.5%), days in the intensive care unit (21.2 +/- 1.4 vs 18.1 +/- 1.5), ISS (28.0 +/- 1.0 vs 25.4 +/- 0.8) and mechanism of injury (blunt 85% vs 81%). None of the @entity0 in the PGF group had a @entity4 . In the control group, however, 13 @entity0 had a @entity4 , nine of which were fatal. These differences were statistically significant for both @entity4 (p < 0.009) and @entity4 -related @entity3 (p < 0.03). The overall mortality rate was reduced in the PGF group (18 of 108, 16%) versus the control group (47 of 216, 22%); however, this did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSION: PGF insertion in selected @entity0 at high risk who had @entity1 effectively prevented both fatal and nonfatal @entity4 . The lower incidence of fatal @entity4 in the PGF group may have contributed to a reduction in the overall mortality rate. @entity0 who have @entity1 with high risk for @entity4 should be considered for PGF placement.

title: Prophylactic Greenfield filter placement in selected high-risk @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: This phase I study investigates the feasibility of @entity7 plus dose-dense (q2-week) pemetrexed given concurrently with radiotherapy (XRT) for locally advanced and oligometastatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Eligible @entity0 had Stage III or IV (oligometastatic) @entity5 . @entity0 received XRT to 63 Gy in standard fractionation. @entity0 received concurrent @entity7 (AUC = 6) during weeks 1 and 5 of XRT, and pemetrexed during weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7 of XRT. The starting dose level (level 1) of pemetrexed was 300 mg/m2. Following the finding of dose limiting @entity3 (DLT) in dose level 1, an amended dose level (level 1A) continued pemetrexed at 300 mg/m2, but with involved field radiation instead of extended nodal irradiation. Consolidation consisted of @entity7 (AUC = 6) and pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) q3 weeks   2 -3 cycles. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity0 were enrolled. Fourteen @entity0 are evaluable for @entity3 analysis. Of the initial 6 @entity0 treated on dose level 1, two experienced DLTs (one grade 4 @entity4 , one prolonged grade 3 @entity6 ). There was one DLT (grade 5 @entity2 ) in the 8 @entity0 treated on dose level 1A. In 16 @entity0 evaluable for response (4 with oligometastatic stage IV disease and 12 with @entity1 ), the median follow-up time is 17.8 months. Thirteen of 16 @entity0 had in field local regional response. The actuarial median survival time was 28.6 months in all @entity0 and 34.7 months (estimated) in stage III @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent @entity7 with dose-dense (q2week) pemetrexed at 300 mg/m2 with involved field XRT is feasible and encouraging in @entity0 with locally advanced and oligometastatic @entity5 .

title: Phase i study of 'dose-dense' pemetrexed plus @entity7 /radiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: This phase I study investigates the feasibility of @entity7 plus dose-dense (q2-week) pemetrexed given concurrently with radiotherapy (XRT) for locally advanced and oligometastatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Eligible @entity0 had Stage III or IV (oligometastatic) @entity5 . @entity0 received XRT to 63 Gy in standard fractionation. @entity0 received concurrent @entity7 (AUC = 6) during weeks 1 and 5 of XRT, and pemetrexed during weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7 of XRT. The starting dose level (level 1) of pemetrexed was 300 mg/m2. Following the finding of dose limiting @entity3 (DLT) in dose level 1, an amended dose level (level 1A) continued pemetrexed at 300 mg/m2, but with involved field radiation instead of extended nodal irradiation. Consolidation consisted of @entity7 (AUC = 6) and pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) q3 weeks   2 -3 cycles. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity0 were enrolled. Fourteen @entity0 are evaluable for @entity3 analysis. Of the initial 6 @entity0 treated on dose level 1, two experienced DLTs (one grade 4 @entity4 , one prolonged grade 3 @entity6 ). There was one DLT (grade 5 @entity2 ) in the 8 @entity0 treated on dose level 1A. In 16 @entity0 evaluable for response (4 with oligometastatic stage IV disease and 12 with @entity1 ), the median follow-up time is 17.8 months. Thirteen of 16 @entity0 had in field local regional response. The actuarial median survival time was 28.6 months in all @entity0 and 34.7 months (estimated) in stage III @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent @entity7 with dose-dense (q2week) pemetrexed at 300 mg/m2 with involved field XRT is feasible and encouraging in @entity0 with locally advanced and oligometastatic @entity5 .

title: Phase i study of 'dose-dense' pemetrexed plus XXXX /radiotherapy for locally advanced @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Several clinical trials have provided compelling evidence in support of the benefits of lipid-lowering therapy for primary and secondary prevention of @entity4 . The results of primary prevention trials have demonstrated that coronary morbidity can be reduced and survival improved with effective lipid-lowering regimens. There has been concern, however, regarding harmful effects (e.g., increased rate of suicide and increased risk of @entity5 ) of @entity1 -lowering therapies in primary prevention trials. These concerns are not well supported by strong evidence, and there has been lack of a dose-response relationship. It is generally believed that for 1% reduction in serum @entity1 , there is a 2% reduction in the risk of coronary events. The results of numerous secondary prevention trials have clearly demonstrated the benefit of lipid-lowering therapies in reducing the risk of future @entity2 and @entity2 in @entity0 with preexistent @entity3 . Several studies have shown that treatment regimens effective in reducing LDL @entity1 levels lead to regression of @entity4 as well as retard the progression of the disease process. Interestingly, some of these studies have also shown that when measured angiographically, the luminal diameter at the site of stenotic lesions might improve only by an average of 2% to 3%; however, this small degree of improvement is associated with a remarkable reduction by 35% to 25% in the risk of future coronary events. These findings further corroborate the hypothesis about the importance of a lipid-rich cap of the vulnerable plaques and suggest that the reduction in lipid levels is associated with the efflux of lipids from the plaque, thus converting it from a vulnerable to a stable state. The most recent data from the 4S trial have unequivocally demonstrated the benefits of treatment with HMG coenzyme-A reductase inhibitors in reducing the risk of future coronary events and improving the overall survival in @entity0 with established CHD. Although there is still ongoing controversy regarding the precise course of action for primary prevention of CHD, the results of a large number of studies provide overwhelming evidence in support of aggressive lipid-lowering therapy for secondary prevention of CHD. Based on the findings of these studies, it seems prudent that clinicians become actively involved in the evaluation and management of @entity6 and other risk factors in @entity0 with CHD.

title: Clinical perspectives on primary and secondary prevention of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Self-management education programs seek to help @entity0 realize that they are their own principal caregivers and that health care professionals are consultants who support them in this role. The aim of this study was to evaluate a @entity1 self-management education program implemented as part of a district-wide approach in South Auckland, New Zealand, which has some of the highest prevalence rates for @entity1 and is one of the most ethnically diverse and deprived regions of New Zealand. METHODS: Self-management attitudes and behaviors were monitored with the use of questionnaires before and after program implementation. Clinical outcomes such as hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, and blood pressure were also tracked before the program began and 3 months after the program ended. @entity0 focus groups and facilitator interviews were conducted to explore perceptions of the program. RESULTS: @entity0 showed improvement in attitudes toward their own ability to manage their @entity1 ; in diet, physical activity, and foot care; and in hemoglobin A1c levels 3 months after the end of participation. @entity0 also reduced their sense of isolation when dealing with their @entity1 . However, catering to the needs of a multiethnic community is extremely resource-intensive because of the need to provide adequate language and cultural interpretation. CONCLUSION: Self-management education can work in multiethnic, high-needs communities in New Zealand. Programs must ensure they enable the appropriate mechanisms and have appropriate resources to support the community's needs.

title: XXXX self-management education in South Auckland, New Zealand, 2007-2008.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify if there are certain cutoff levels for P and or the P/E(2) ratio on the day of @entity2 that would be defined as detrimental for occurrence of pregnancy in @entity0 with normal ovarian reserve undergoing cleavage-stage embryo transfer (ET). Secondarily, to determine if these same cutoffs might have the same potential negative effect in @entity0 undergoing blastocyst ET. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study including two randomized cohorts. SETTING: Private and university fertility centers. @entity0 (S): A total of 240 @entity0 undergoing long agonist protocol with at least four grade 1 day 3 embryos. INTERVENTION(S): @entity0 were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to undergo day 3 or day 5 embryo transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was the primary outcome. RESULT(S): Using receiver operator characteristics, cutoffs for P and P/E(2) ratio were 1.5 ng/mL and 0.55, respectively. @entity0 with P  <= 1.5 ng/mL and P/E(2)  <= 0.55 undergoing cleavage-stage ET had higher CPR. Using multiple regression, P/E(2) ratio was the only independent predictor for pregnancy. The P and P/E(2) cutoffs were not correlated with CPR in blastocyst transfers. CONCLUSION(S): @entity1 >1.5 ng/mL and P/E(2) >0.55 affect the CPR in @entity0 undergoing cleavage-stage, but not blastocyst ET. P/E(2) ratio is the only independent prognosticator for cycle outcome in @entity0 undergoing cleavage-stage ET.

title: @entity1 level and @entity1 /estradiol ratio on the day of XXXX administration: detrimental cutoff levels and new treatment strategy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify if there are certain cutoff levels for P and or the P/E(2) ratio on the day of @entity2 that would be defined as detrimental for occurrence of pregnancy in @entity0 with normal ovarian reserve undergoing cleavage-stage embryo transfer (ET). Secondarily, to determine if these same cutoffs might have the same potential negative effect in @entity0 undergoing blastocyst ET. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study including two randomized cohorts. SETTING: Private and university fertility centers. @entity0 (S): A total of 240 @entity0 undergoing long agonist protocol with at least four grade 1 day 3 embryos. INTERVENTION(S): @entity0 were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to undergo day 3 or day 5 embryo transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was the primary outcome. RESULT(S): Using receiver operator characteristics, cutoffs for P and P/E(2) ratio were 1.5 ng/mL and 0.55, respectively. @entity0 with P  <= 1.5 ng/mL and P/E(2)  <= 0.55 undergoing cleavage-stage ET had higher CPR. Using multiple regression, P/E(2) ratio was the only independent predictor for pregnancy. The P and P/E(2) cutoffs were not correlated with CPR in blastocyst transfers. CONCLUSION(S): @entity1 >1.5 ng/mL and P/E(2) >0.55 affect the CPR in @entity0 undergoing cleavage-stage, but not blastocyst ET. P/E(2) ratio is the only independent prognosticator for cycle outcome in @entity0 undergoing cleavage-stage ET.

title: XXXX level and @entity1 /estradiol ratio on the day of @entity2 administration: detrimental cutoff levels and new treatment strategy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify if there are certain cutoff levels for P and or the P/E(2) ratio on the day of @entity2 that would be defined as detrimental for occurrence of pregnancy in @entity0 with normal ovarian reserve undergoing cleavage-stage embryo transfer (ET). Secondarily, to determine if these same cutoffs might have the same potential negative effect in @entity0 undergoing blastocyst ET. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study including two randomized cohorts. SETTING: Private and university fertility centers. @entity0 (S): A total of 240 @entity0 undergoing long agonist protocol with at least four grade 1 day 3 embryos. INTERVENTION(S): @entity0 were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to undergo day 3 or day 5 embryo transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was the primary outcome. RESULT(S): Using receiver operator characteristics, cutoffs for P and P/E(2) ratio were 1.5 ng/mL and 0.55, respectively. @entity0 with P  <= 1.5 ng/mL and P/E(2)  <= 0.55 undergoing cleavage-stage ET had higher CPR. Using multiple regression, P/E(2) ratio was the only independent predictor for pregnancy. The P and P/E(2) cutoffs were not correlated with CPR in blastocyst transfers. CONCLUSION(S): @entity1 >1.5 ng/mL and P/E(2) >0.55 affect the CPR in @entity0 undergoing cleavage-stage, but not blastocyst ET. P/E(2) ratio is the only independent prognosticator for cycle outcome in @entity0 undergoing cleavage-stage ET.

title: @entity1 level and XXXX /estradiol ratio on the day of @entity2 administration: detrimental cutoff levels and new treatment strategy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical correlates of wound complications in high-risk @entity0 undergoing abdominal gynecologic surgery in a tertiary referral center. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of @entity0 demographics, pre-operative and intra-operative information, and outcomes was performed in a cohort of @entity0 who underwent abdominal surgery for suspected gynecologic malignancy between 1/2005 and 6/2008. The primary outcome was wound complication within 6 weeks of surgery. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed. A nomogram predicting @entity2 was created and validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and 10-fold cross-validation. RESULTS: Median age of 373 @entity0 analyzed was 57years (range 25-88), median body mass index (BMI) 32.3kg/m(2) (range 14.0-70.7). A total of 150 @entity0 (40%) had prior abdominal surgery; 40 (11%) had a pre-operative serum albumin <3.5g/dl; and 78 (21%) had @entity1 . @entity2 occurred in 125 @entity0 (34%). In multivariate analysis wound complications were correlated with BMI of 30-39.9kg/m(2) (OR=5.62, 95% CI 2.08-15.19, p<0.0001) and BMI>= 40kg/m(2) (OR=10.27, 95% CI 3.66-28.88, p<0.0001), prior abdominal surgery (OR 3.28, 95%CI1.89-5.70, p<0.0001), serum albumin <=3.5g/dl (OR 4.24, 95%CI 1.87-9.61, p=0.0005), @entity1 (OR 2.22, 95%CI 1.09-4.51, p=0.03), lysis of adhesions (OR 3.57, 95%CI 1.04-12.26, p=0.04), and length of surgery (OR 2.42, 95%CI 1.35-4.35, p=0.003). Risk for wound complication was lower with pelvic drain placement (OR 0.26, 95%CI 0.11-0.64, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 are common in gynecologic oncology. Further studies should explore whether risk factor modification decreases complications.

title: XXXX after gynecologic cancer surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 with @entity9 stand a far better chance of receiving a rapid diagnosis, appropriate replacement therapy, and functional surgical reconstruction than was the case even a decade ago. Although the etiologies of true @entity9 and mixed @entity6 remain elusive, most gene defects in female @entity9 or CAH have been pinpointed to the 21-hydroxylase gene. Incomplete masculinization has been found to be due to defects in the @entity5 receptor, 5 alpha-reductase, or enzymes in the pathway from @entity1 to @entity4 . @entity11 point mutations have been implicated in 46XY pure @entity6 . Retained m  llerian ducts have been attributed to point mutations in the @entity3 gene; those with normal @entity3 levels should be expected to have receptor deficits. In utero diagnoses and treatment and diagnosis at the preimplantation stage may prove to be very important for the care of some of these @entity0 , who may be potential candidates for gene replacement therapy. When necessary, surgical reconstruction can be done. If the @entity0 is to be raised as a female, clitoral recession, labioscrotal reductions and advancements, and vaginoplasties for exteriorization can be accomplished in early infancy as an extensive one-stage procedure. If @entity0 are to be raised as males, then various types of @entity8 repair can be done, gonads can be replaced with prostheses, the @entity10 can be reconstructed, and m  llerian structures can be removed with the goal of preserving the vas deferens. Replacement therapy with glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids must be precisely managed to permit proper growth, and @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity7 replacement must be carefully considered and managed. A most important element in the care of these @entity0 is the psychological support that first the families and then the @entity0 require. This must be delivered with sensitivity. The proper care of these complex @entity0 requires that the physician be a scientist as well as a clinician and a skilled technician.

title: XXXX --etiology, diagnosis, and therapy.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Fifteen @entity3 in 14 @entity0 were treated with external fixation using the EBI Orthofix unilateral external fixator. The average @entity0 age was 8.5 years (range, 3-13 years). There were 7 @entity0 with @entity2 and 7 with @entity1 . The average duration in the fixator was 63 days; average followup was 34 months. All 15 @entity1 healed without additional operative intervention. Average angulation at the @entity1 site was 4.4 degrees in the anteroposterior plane (range, 0 degrees-10 degrees) and 4.6 degrees in the lateral plane (range, 0 degrees-11 degrees). There were 5 pin tract infections, all of which resolved with systemic antibiotics. There was 1 case of refracture in a @entity0 with @entity4 . Ten @entity0 had clinically equal leg lengths, 3 @entity0 had < 1 cm of inequality, and 1 @entity0 had a 1.5 cm discrepancy. External fixation is a well-proven technique for managing @entity3 in the @entity0 with @entity2 . It is also an effective means of treating @entity3 in the pediatric population.

title: External fixation of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We investigated the use of a scleral plug of biodegradable polymer implanted at the pars plana to create a controlled drug-delivery system in the vitreous. We evaluated the efficacy of a plug containing @entity1 to treat experimental proliferative @entity4 (PVR) in pigmented @entity0 . An implantable device on the sclera, which imitates a scleral plug, containing 1% @entity1 , was prepared with @entity5 (molecular weight, 20,000). The release of @entity1 in @entity2 -buffered saline was evaluated by spectro-photometry. After pars plana vitrectomy and plug implantation, concentrations of @entity1 in the vitreous humor of the @entity0 were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The release profiles were evaluated during 5 weeks in vitro and 4 weeks in vivo. Cultured homologous fibroblasts were injected into the vitreous space to induce experimental PVR after gas compression of the vitreous. The scleral plugs were implanted at the pars plana in treatment animals (n = 11). Control @entity0 (n = 11) were followed up without implantation after PVR induction. All eyes of the control group developed tractional @entity3 at day 28, while the incidence of @entity3 was decreased to 64% in the treated eyes. (P = 0.002). The implantation of the scleral plug effectively inhibited intravitreous proliferation of fibroblasts. This study demonstrated that the scleral plug of biodegradable polymers may have potential as a treatment modality for PVR.

title: Implantable biodegradable polymeric device in the treatment of experimental proliferative XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity0 ' clinical outcome, survival and performance status at the mild-term follow-up evaluation after optimal microsurgical resection of large and @entity9 ( @entity9 ). METHODS: During a 4-year period (2004-2008), 41 @entity0 underwent operative procedures for resection of @entity9 . The @entity1 size was large or giant in 100% of the @entity0 , with a mean @entity1 diameter of 4.4   cm. @entity1 extended into adjoining regions in 26 of the @entity0 . Six previously underwent operation or irradiation. @entity1 resection (GTR) was accomplished in 25 (61.0%) @entity0 , subtotal resection (STR) in 15 (36.6%) @entity0 and partial resection in 1 (2.4%) @entity0 . There were no operative deaths. @entity4 ( @entity11 , @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity3 , etc.) were observed in 27 (65.9%) @entity0 . Postoperative radiation or radiosurgery was administered to 6 of the 41 @entity0 who had residual @entity1 . RESULTS: At the conclusion of the study, 27 (65.9%) @entity0 were alive with radiological evidence of the @entity2 , and 14 (34.1%) @entity0 were alive without radiological evidence of the @entity2 . The mean follow-up period was 35 months (range, 15-45 months). Six (14.6%; five of the STR and partially resected @entity0 and one of the total resection @entity0 ) had recurrence; of these @entity0 , four underwent repeat resection and two were treated with gamma knife radiosurgery. The Karnofsky Performance Scale score was 78  14 preoperatively, 80  10 at 1 year postoperatively and 81  10 at the time of the latest follow-up evaluation. Common disabilities at the time of the follow-up evaluation included @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity8 . Most @entity0 developed coping mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical strategy of large and @entity9 should be focused on the survival and postoperative quality of life. The good surgical approach should be based on the @entity1 location, the growth direction, the invasion of adjacent structure, the age of the @entity0 and the experience of neurosurgeons. Selectively pursuing an STR without radiotherapy rather than a GTR is a reasonable strategy. Moreover, microneurosurgical technique plays a key role in the level of @entity1 resection and preservation of nerve function. Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring also contributes dramatically to the preservation of the nerve function.

title: Large and XXXX : therapeutic strategy and the choice of microsurgical approaches - report of the experience with 41 cases.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) in severe @entity1 ( @entity1 ) remains a controversial therapeutic strategy. The long-term functional recovery and health status in a sample of decompressive craniectomized @entity1 are reported. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 who underwent DC were retrospectively investigated. @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and DC were considered as control group. In all survival @entity0 admitted to a neuro-rehabilitation setting, the modified Rankin (mRS), Glasgow Outcome scale (GOS) and Barthel Scales (BS) were administered at admission, discharge, 1 year and follow-up. The quality-of-life was evaluated with the SF-36 questionnaire at follow-up (41.1  16.6 months). RESULTS: Seventy (33 F, 37 M, mean age=46.8, SD=18.8) @entity0 were enrolled: 46 (20 F, 26 M) subjects with @entity1 and 24 (13 F, 11 M) with @entity2 . After surgery, 11 (23.9%) and 10 (41.6%) subjects in the @entity1 and @entity2 group, respectively, died. The mean Barthel scores were 4.0 (SD=5.9), 60.9 (SD=37.5), 63.7 (SD=35.1) and 67.3 (SD=38.2) (p<0.001) and median GOS was 3, 4, 4 and 4 at admission, discharge, 1 year and follow-up, respectively, in @entity1 @entity0 . Seventeen (36.9%) @entity0 with @entity1 and four (16.6%) with @entity2 made a full recovery. The SF-36 questionnaire showed significant abnormalities in all domains of health status in both groups. CONCLUSION: Craniectomized @entity0 with @entity1 achieved good long-term outcome, although they experienced significant difficulties in health status.

title: Long-term outcome and health status in decompressive craniectomized XXXX with intractable intracranial pressure after severe brain injury.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity10 reductase (TR) is a flavoenzyme that has been found only in parasitic protozoa of the order Kinetoplastida. The enzyme catalyzes the @entity0 -dependent reduction of @entity11 conjugates and is a key enzyme of the parasite's @entity1 metabolism. Consequently, TR is an attractive target molecule for a structure-based drug development against @entity2 , @entity5 , and other diseases caused by trypanosomes and leishmanias. The three-dimensional structures of TR and of three enzyme substrate complexes have been solved. Several classes of compounds are discussed as guide structures for the design of specific inhibitors. Among them are tricyclic compounds such as @entity12 and @entity6 , which competitively inhibit TR but not the related host enzyme @entity4 reductase, as well as oxidase activity-inducing @entity8 and @entity13 . @entity9 dehydrogenase (LipDH) is another @entity7 discussed as a target molecule for an antitrypanosomal therapy. In @entity3 , an organism that is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, LipDH participates in the redox cycling of nifurtimox, one of the most effective anti-Chagas agents. In conclusion, the structurally related enzymes TR and LipDH exhibit an unusually high one-electron-reducing capacity. Consequently, turncoat inhibitors and other compounds inducing an oxidase activity in both enzymes are promising drug candidates against @entity2 .

title: Flavoprotein structure and mechanism. 5. XXXX reductase and @entity9 dehydrogenase as targets for a structure-based drug design.

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity10 reductase (TR) is a flavoenzyme that has been found only in parasitic protozoa of the order Kinetoplastida. The enzyme catalyzes the @entity0 -dependent reduction of @entity11 conjugates and is a key enzyme of the parasite's @entity1 metabolism. Consequently, TR is an attractive target molecule for a structure-based drug development against @entity2 , @entity5 , and other diseases caused by trypanosomes and leishmanias. The three-dimensional structures of TR and of three enzyme substrate complexes have been solved. Several classes of compounds are discussed as guide structures for the design of specific inhibitors. Among them are tricyclic compounds such as @entity12 and @entity6 , which competitively inhibit TR but not the related host enzyme @entity4 reductase, as well as oxidase activity-inducing @entity8 and @entity13 . @entity9 dehydrogenase (LipDH) is another @entity7 discussed as a target molecule for an antitrypanosomal therapy. In @entity3 , an organism that is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, LipDH participates in the redox cycling of nifurtimox, one of the most effective anti-Chagas agents. In conclusion, the structurally related enzymes TR and LipDH exhibit an unusually high one-electron-reducing capacity. Consequently, turncoat inhibitors and other compounds inducing an oxidase activity in both enzymes are promising drug candidates against @entity2 .

title: Flavoprotein structure and mechanism. 5. @entity10 reductase and XXXX dehydrogenase as targets for a structure-based drug design.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Uterine @entity5 shows a frequency from 25 to 30% in reproductive age @entity0 . Traditional treatment is hysterectomy or myomectomy independently from fertility wishes of the @entity0 . Its growth has been associated to estrogenic activity. Because of this, several substances have been used to diminish @entity1 size, pre-operatively. The use of analogues of liberating hormone of hypophysiary gonadotropins (GnRH), given to favor surgical technique, to diminish @entity2 and to avoid blood transfusions. Clinical efficiency of the use of @entity6 in @entity0 with uterine leyomiomatosis, pre-operatively during three months, was studied in this paper. The study was prospective, comparative, blind and with longitudinal measurements. Twenty eight @entity0 were included. Group I (n = 13) and Group II (n = 15) control without treatment. Observation units included FSH, LH, E2, @entity4 , HCT, USG basal, 30, 60, 90 days. Results showed a diminution of more than 80% of the initial uterine volume, and of 30% of the @entity3 independently measured. Side effects, tolerance and efficacy of the used compound, are mentioned.

title: [Preoperative management of uterine XXXX using pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues].

answer: @entity5


abstract: This formulation includes a number of disease entities which may alarm those who believe that a @entity2 classification must be simple. The fact remains that these are the @entity1 that pathologists are seeing and diagnosing, and oncologists must be prepared to deal with them. If several morphologically, immunologically and genetically distinct @entity1 prove to respond identically to currently available treatment, the can be "lumped" for the purposes of clinical treatment selection (see Table 11-3). However, if new forms of treatment become available, particularly if these are directed against antigenic or genetic features, it will be important to recognize and study each disease separately. This study should be regarded as a preliminary effort to develop a consensus on @entity2 categorization, and constitutes merely a framework for further study. The ILSG has not attempted to determine the reproducibility of diagnosis of the various categories, either among different pathologists or by the same pathologist over time. No prior @entity1 classification has been based on reproducibility and when such studies have been done with existing classifications of @entity2 , they have shown disappointing results. 1,35,119 It is likely that recognition of clearly defined entities, which have characteristic immunophenotypes and in some cases genetic features, as well a characteristics morphology, will facilitate reproducibility among pathologists.189 Formal reproducibility studies should be undertaken, and should in general be a more frequent activity in the pathologic diagnosis of @entity1 . The ILSG does not have the resources to make a systematic attempt to determine the utility of these histologically and immunologically defined categories in predicting clinical outcome. The task of the pathologist is to attempt to define diseases by morphologic and other criteria applied to tissue specimens, and this has been the goal of the current endeavor. The clinical information about the different entities is taken from studies already published, which clearly show that each of the entities has distinctive clinical behavior, even if distinctive treatments are not currently available. The joint task of clinical oncologist and hematopathologists now is to undertake systematic application of the criteria presented here to defined groups of @entity0 , to determine whether the newly-recognized categories will help to further stratify treatment response and outcome in clinical trials. Several members of the ILSG have already begun to review cases in cooperative group trials, and have found the recognition of these entities within broad Working Formulation categories can have prognostic implications (Grogan, T and Banks, PM, unpublished data from the Southwest Oncology Group [SWOG]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: A practical approach to the pathology of @entity2 : a revised European-American classification from the International XXXX Study Group.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This formulation includes a number of disease entities which may alarm those who believe that a @entity2 classification must be simple. The fact remains that these are the @entity1 that pathologists are seeing and diagnosing, and oncologists must be prepared to deal with them. If several morphologically, immunologically and genetically distinct @entity1 prove to respond identically to currently available treatment, the can be "lumped" for the purposes of clinical treatment selection (see Table 11-3). However, if new forms of treatment become available, particularly if these are directed against antigenic or genetic features, it will be important to recognize and study each disease separately. This study should be regarded as a preliminary effort to develop a consensus on @entity2 categorization, and constitutes merely a framework for further study. The ILSG has not attempted to determine the reproducibility of diagnosis of the various categories, either among different pathologists or by the same pathologist over time. No prior @entity1 classification has been based on reproducibility and when such studies have been done with existing classifications of @entity2 , they have shown disappointing results. 1,35,119 It is likely that recognition of clearly defined entities, which have characteristic immunophenotypes and in some cases genetic features, as well a characteristics morphology, will facilitate reproducibility among pathologists.189 Formal reproducibility studies should be undertaken, and should in general be a more frequent activity in the pathologic diagnosis of @entity1 . The ILSG does not have the resources to make a systematic attempt to determine the utility of these histologically and immunologically defined categories in predicting clinical outcome. The task of the pathologist is to attempt to define diseases by morphologic and other criteria applied to tissue specimens, and this has been the goal of the current endeavor. The clinical information about the different entities is taken from studies already published, which clearly show that each of the entities has distinctive clinical behavior, even if distinctive treatments are not currently available. The joint task of clinical oncologist and hematopathologists now is to undertake systematic application of the criteria presented here to defined groups of @entity0 , to determine whether the newly-recognized categories will help to further stratify treatment response and outcome in clinical trials. Several members of the ILSG have already begun to review cases in cooperative group trials, and have found the recognition of these entities within broad Working Formulation categories can have prognostic implications (Grogan, T and Banks, PM, unpublished data from the Southwest Oncology Group [SWOG]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: A practical approach to the pathology of XXXX : a revised European-American classification from the International @entity2 Study Group.

answer: @entity2


abstract: To determine the relative expression of distinct @entity7 genes in normal and neoplastic tissue, antibodies and cDNA probes that recognize the core tandem repeat sequences of membrane-bound ( @entity6 ) and secreted ( @entity9 and @entity8 ) mucins were used for immunohistochemical and RNA Northern and slot-blot analysis. @entity6 mRNA was detected in all epithelial tissues tested. @entity6 core peptide, recognized by monoclonal antibodies 139H2 and DF3, was highly expressed on apical membranes of bronchus, breast, salivary gland, pancreas, prostate, and uterus, and was sparsely expressed in gastric surface cells, gallbladder, small intestine, and colonic epithelium. In contrast, @entity9 and @entity8 gene expression was primarily restricted to the intestinal tract. @entity9 mRNA was highly expressed in normal jejunum, ileum, and colon, compared with very low levels in normal bronchus and gallbladder. @entity8 mRNA was highly expressed in normal jejunum, ileum, colon, and gallbladder. Immunohistochemical studies using antibodies against synthetic @entity9 (anti- @entity10 ) and @entity8 (anti-M3P) peptides indicate that @entity9 - and @entity8 -producing cells in the gastrointestinal tract are distinct. Goblet cells of the small intestine and colon reacted strongly with anti- @entity10 , whereas M3P reactivity was restricted to columnar cells of small intestinal villi, surface colonic epithelium, and gallbladder. @entity7 protein epitopes and mRNA levels were frequently altered in @entity4 compared to corresponding normal tissues. Alterations included increased expression, aberrant expression, and, less frequently, loss of expression. Increased @entity6 immunoreactivity was observed in most @entity4 of the breast, lung, stomach, pancreas, prostate, and ovary. In addition, with the exception of @entity2 , focal aberrant expression of @entity9 and @entity8 epitopes was frequently observed. Increased @entity6 , @entity9 , and @entity8 epitopes were present in @entity5 of all histological subtypes, with the greatest increase of @entity9 epitopes observed in colloid (mucinous) @entity5 . @entity9 or @entity8 mRNA levels were increased in colloid @entity5 compared with normal colon, however in well- and moderately well-differentiated @entity5 @entity11 mRNA levels were decreased. Compared with corresponding normal tissue, @entity6 mRNA levels were increased in @entity0 and well-differentiated @entity1 , and @entity8 mRNA was increased in @entity3 . Normal stomach lacked both @entity9 and @entity8 immunoreactivity and mRNA, however, @entity9 and @entity8 proteins and mRNA were highly expressed in @entity3 . In conclusion, @entity7 genes are independently regulated and their expression is organ- and cell type-specific. Furthermore, neoplastic transformation is associated with dys-regulated expression of both membrane-bound and secreted @entity7 core protein epitopes and may be due to altered @entity7 mRNA levels and/or altered @entity7 glycosylation.

title: Heterogeneity of XXXX gene expression in normal and neoplastic tissues.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The Ross operation, a procedure of replacement of the diseased aortic valve with an autologous pulmonary valve, has many advantages such as no need for anticoagulation therapy and similar valve function and growth potential as native valves. However secondary @entity5 has emerged as a significant complication and indication for reoperation. We report a 48-year-old @entity0 who had Ross operation in 1997 for a damaged bicuspid aortic valve and severe @entity1 due to subacute @entity6 complicated by aortic root abscess. In 2009, 12 years later, progressive severe @entity1 with incomplete coaptation and mild dilatation of the aortic root was shown on echocardiography and contrasted CT, while the pulmonary homograft retained normal function. She subsequently underwent aortic valve replacement. Histopathological examination of the explanted neo-aortic valve and neo-arterial wall revealed @entity4 formation at the nodulus Arantii area of the three valve cusps, ventricularis, and arterialis. The amount of elastic fibres in the neo-aorta media was less than usual for an aorta of this @entity0 's age but was similar to a pulmonary artery. The pathological findings were not different from other studies of specimens removed between 7 to 12 years after Ross operation. However, the pathophysiology and long-term implications of these findings remain debatable. Considering the anatomical and physiological changes induced by the procedure, separate mechanisms for @entity3 and @entity2 are worthy of consideration.

title: Late @entity3 and XXXX after Ross operation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The Ross operation, a procedure of replacement of the diseased aortic valve with an autologous pulmonary valve, has many advantages such as no need for anticoagulation therapy and similar valve function and growth potential as native valves. However secondary @entity5 has emerged as a significant complication and indication for reoperation. We report a 48-year-old @entity0 who had Ross operation in 1997 for a damaged bicuspid aortic valve and severe @entity1 due to subacute @entity6 complicated by aortic root abscess. In 2009, 12 years later, progressive severe @entity1 with incomplete coaptation and mild dilatation of the aortic root was shown on echocardiography and contrasted CT, while the pulmonary homograft retained normal function. She subsequently underwent aortic valve replacement. Histopathological examination of the explanted neo-aortic valve and neo-arterial wall revealed @entity4 formation at the nodulus Arantii area of the three valve cusps, ventricularis, and arterialis. The amount of elastic fibres in the neo-aorta media was less than usual for an aorta of this @entity0 's age but was similar to a pulmonary artery. The pathological findings were not different from other studies of specimens removed between 7 to 12 years after Ross operation. However, the pathophysiology and long-term implications of these findings remain debatable. Considering the anatomical and physiological changes induced by the procedure, separate mechanisms for @entity3 and @entity2 are worthy of consideration.

title: Late XXXX and @entity2 after Ross operation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Lymphocyte-endothelial cell interactions are mediated in part by multiple lymphocyte surface adhesion/activation molecules and their cognate ligands. We investigated the surface localization of several of these molecules implicated in T cell adhesion and transendothelial migration mechanisms to determine if spatial regulation of their distribution contributes to these processes. T lymphocyte suspensions were stained to define distribution, ability to be aggregated into energy-dependent caps, and potential cocapping of several adhesion structures. @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity2 ( @entity2 , LECCAM-1), and @entity3 / @entity4 ( @entity3 ) exhibited uniform distribution on the T cell surface by direct immunofluorescence but formed caps in an energy-dependent, and therefore cytoskeletally driven, manner when examined by indirect immunofluorescence. @entity6 was shown to @entity7 -cap (unidirectionally cocap) with @entity5 and @entity3 / @entity4 ( @entity3 ), an observation potentially related to functional cooperation among these molecules in T cell activation. T cells were also added to endothelial cell monolayers to assess, in a physiologically relevant context, potential surface molecule reorganization. Lymphocytes co-cultured with @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) underwent a profound shape change, from essentially round cells to polarized cells bearing pseudopodia. Immunofluorescent localization of T cell adhesion/activation molecules using confocal microscopy revealed the redistribution of @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity2 to the pseudopod. In contrast, @entity3 / @entity4 remained globally distributed on the cell surface, even in severely deformed cells. Both lymphocyte shape change and membrane molecule redistribution appear to be cell-cell contact-dependent phenomena requiring intact, viable endothelial cells. Mechanisms that control these events may be critical to lymphocyte recirculation and @entity1 .

title: XXXX -capping of @entity0 T lymphocyte adhesion/activation molecules and their redistribution during interaction with endothelial cells.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Lymphocyte-endothelial cell interactions are mediated in part by multiple lymphocyte surface adhesion/activation molecules and their cognate ligands. We investigated the surface localization of several of these molecules implicated in T cell adhesion and transendothelial migration mechanisms to determine if spatial regulation of their distribution contributes to these processes. T lymphocyte suspensions were stained to define distribution, ability to be aggregated into energy-dependent caps, and potential cocapping of several adhesion structures. @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity2 ( @entity2 , LECCAM-1), and @entity3 / @entity4 ( @entity3 ) exhibited uniform distribution on the T cell surface by direct immunofluorescence but formed caps in an energy-dependent, and therefore cytoskeletally driven, manner when examined by indirect immunofluorescence. @entity6 was shown to @entity7 -cap (unidirectionally cocap) with @entity5 and @entity3 / @entity4 ( @entity3 ), an observation potentially related to functional cooperation among these molecules in T cell activation. T cells were also added to endothelial cell monolayers to assess, in a physiologically relevant context, potential surface molecule reorganization. Lymphocytes co-cultured with @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) underwent a profound shape change, from essentially round cells to polarized cells bearing pseudopodia. Immunofluorescent localization of T cell adhesion/activation molecules using confocal microscopy revealed the redistribution of @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity2 to the pseudopod. In contrast, @entity3 / @entity4 remained globally distributed on the cell surface, even in severely deformed cells. Both lymphocyte shape change and membrane molecule redistribution appear to be cell-cell contact-dependent phenomena requiring intact, viable endothelial cells. Mechanisms that control these events may be critical to lymphocyte recirculation and @entity1 .

title: @entity7 -capping of XXXX T lymphocyte adhesion/activation molecules and their redistribution during interaction with endothelial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In recent years, the use of nonoperative palliation for unresectable @entity1 has increased markedly, in part, because of the high morbidity and mortality rates after surgical palliation. The current analysis was undertaken to determine whether or not decreases in morbidity and mortality rates, recently observed after resection of @entity1 , are now being seen in the surgical palliation of unresectable @entity1 . During a 54 month period, 118 consecutive @entity0 underwent surgical exploration with the finding of unresectable @entity5 . @entity8 was the most common complaint at admission, being present in 73 percent of the @entity0 . @entity6 , or both, was present in 71 percent of the @entity0 and weight loss was observed in 61 percent of the @entity0 . The most commonly performed procedure was combined biliary bypass and gastrojejunostomy, being performed upon 75 percent of the @entity0 . A gastrojejunostomy was performed upon 107 of 118 @entity0 (91 percent). The hospital mortality rate was 2.5 percent. @entity3 occurred in 37 percent of the @entity0 but were seldom life-threatening. @entity9 was the most frequent @entity3 (10 percent), followed by @entity2 (8 percent) and delayed @entity4 (8 percent). During the late follow-up period, only 4 percent of the @entity0 had @entity7 , and only 2 percent had recurrent @entity8 . The mean survival time postoperatively was 7.7 months. These results demonstrate that @entity0 with unresectable @entity1 can undergo surgical palliation with minimal perioperative mortality, acceptable morbidity and good long term palliation. We conclude that surgical palliation is the treatment of choice for carefully selected @entity0 with unresectable @entity1 .

title: Current status of surgical XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is a common clinical condition whose etiology, in about 75% of cases, is unknown and is therefore called @entity5 ( @entity5 ). A link between @entity5 and @entity3 was proposed several decades ago. Here we review this topic. SUMMARY: Several studies have been performed to determine if and to what degree there is an association between @entity5 and @entity3 , particularly @entity3 . Many of these studies were not well controlled, however. Approximately one-fourth of @entity5 @entity0 have serological evidence of @entity3 , suggesting that these two disorders are associated. The mechanisms for the apparent association between @entity5 and serological evidence of @entity3 are not clear. There are no data regarding the correlations between @entity5 and histological features of @entity3 or @entity2 . Despite this, there are anecdotal reports regarding @entity4 administration in @entity0 with @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Screening for @entity3 is probably useful in @entity0 with @entity5 . More solid evidence, based on still lacking well-conducted controlled studies, is desirable to determine if there is a therapeutic role for @entity4 treatment in ameliorating the skin manifestations of @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is a common clinical condition whose etiology, in about 75% of cases, is unknown and is therefore called @entity5 ( @entity5 ). A link between @entity5 and @entity3 was proposed several decades ago. Here we review this topic. SUMMARY: Several studies have been performed to determine if and to what degree there is an association between @entity5 and @entity3 , particularly @entity3 . Many of these studies were not well controlled, however. Approximately one-fourth of @entity5 @entity0 have serological evidence of @entity3 , suggesting that these two disorders are associated. The mechanisms for the apparent association between @entity5 and serological evidence of @entity3 are not clear. There are no data regarding the correlations between @entity5 and histological features of @entity3 or @entity2 . Despite this, there are anecdotal reports regarding @entity4 administration in @entity0 with @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Screening for @entity3 is probably useful in @entity0 with @entity5 . More solid evidence, based on still lacking well-conducted controlled studies, is desirable to determine if there is a therapeutic role for @entity4 treatment in ameliorating the skin manifestations of @entity1 .

title: @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Osteon morphotype scores (MTSs) allow for quantification of mechanically important collagen/lamellar variations between secondary osteons when viewed in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We recently modified the 6-point MTS method of Martin et al. (Martin RB, Gibson VA, Stover SM, Gibeling JC, Griffin LV (1996a) Osteonal structure in the @entity1 third metacarpus. Bone 19, 165-71) and reported superiority of this modified method in correlating with 'tension' and 'compression' cortices of both @entity0 proximal femoral diaphyses and diaphyses of other non-anthropoid bones that are loaded in habitual bending (Skedros et al. 2009, 2011). In these studies, the 'tension' and 'compression' cortices differed significantly in predominant collagen fiber orientation (CFO) based on weighted-mean gray levels (CFO/WMGLs) in @entity2 images. In @entity0 femora, however, some osteons were difficult to score with the 6-point method; namely, 'hybrids' with peripherally bright 'hoops' and variability in alternating rings within the osteon wall. We hypothesized that some of these hybrids would be more prevalent in regions subject to torsion than bending. In this perspective the present study was aimed at expanding our 6-point scoring method (S-6-MTS) into two 12-point methods with six additional morphotypes that considered these hybrids. Three- and 4-point methods were also evaluated. We hypothesized that at least one of these other methods would out-perform the S-6-MTS in terms of accuracy, reliability, and interpreting torsion vs. bending load histories. Osteon morphotypes were quantified in @entity2 images from transverse sections of eight adult @entity0 femora (neck, proximal diaphysis, mid-diaphysis), where the mid-diaphysis and base- and mid-neck locations have relatively more complex loading (e.g. torsion + bending) than the proximal diaphysis, where bending predominates. Correlation coefficients between CFO/WMGL and MTSs showed that the S-6-MTS method was either stronger or equivalent to the 12-point methods, and typically stronger than the 3- and 4-point methods for all load environments. In nearly all instances the S-6-MTS is more reliable and accurate when it is applied to cases where interpreting load history requires distinguishing habitual bending from torsion. Consequently, in studies of osteonal adaptations for these load histories the 3- and 4-point methods are not stronger correlates, and the extra time required to assign additional scores in the 12-point methods is both unnecessary and can be highly unreliable.

title: Analysis of osteon morphotype scoring schemes for interpreting load history: evaluation in the XXXX femur.

answer: @entity0


abstract: From January 1978 to December 1989, 48 @entity0 were diagnosed as having @entity3 (AUPBD) at the Second Department of Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital and its affiliated hospitals. Among these 48 @entity0 , 13 (28.1%) were @entity0 under 13 years of age. Four of these @entity0 had acute @entity5 . The clinical, radiological, and surgical features of these @entity0 are presented. The chief presenting complaint was @entity1 in all cases; three @entity0 had recurrent episodes of @entity1 and had been diagnosed as having autotoxicosis. AUPBD was clearly demonstrated in all @entity0 , three by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and one by operative cholangiography. At operation, macroscopic evidence of @entity5 was recognized in all cases. In one case, roentogenolucent pancreaticolithiases were seen on ERCP. We consider AUPBD as an important cause of @entity5 in @entity0 and advocate ERCP in @entity0 who are suspected having biliary tract or @entity4 . The diagnosis of AUPBD should be considered when @entity0 with @entity2 and elevated serum or urinary amylase levels are evaluated.

title: XXXX and @entity3 in childhood.

answer: @entity5


abstract: From January 1978 to December 1989, 48 @entity0 were diagnosed as having @entity3 (AUPBD) at the Second Department of Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital and its affiliated hospitals. Among these 48 @entity0 , 13 (28.1%) were @entity0 under 13 years of age. Four of these @entity0 had acute @entity5 . The clinical, radiological, and surgical features of these @entity0 are presented. The chief presenting complaint was @entity1 in all cases; three @entity0 had recurrent episodes of @entity1 and had been diagnosed as having autotoxicosis. AUPBD was clearly demonstrated in all @entity0 , three by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and one by operative cholangiography. At operation, macroscopic evidence of @entity5 was recognized in all cases. In one case, roentogenolucent pancreaticolithiases were seen on ERCP. We consider AUPBD as an important cause of @entity5 in @entity0 and advocate ERCP in @entity0 who are suspected having biliary tract or @entity4 . The diagnosis of AUPBD should be considered when @entity0 with @entity2 and elevated serum or urinary amylase levels are evaluated.

title: @entity5 and XXXX in childhood.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Almost all @entity0 with type I and many with @entity6 develop @entity5 . This entity consists of two components: new blood vessels on the optic disc (NVD), which frequently lead to @entity3 , and new blood vessels elsewhere on the retina (NVE), which do not pose such a serious threat to vision. This study examined determinants of neovascularization specifically on the optic disc in eyes with @entity5 . The study eyes were under surveillance as the untreated control eyes of @entity0 in the @entity1 Study. During the 5-year follow-up period, NVE developed in almost all of the eyes, whereas the cumulative incidence of NVD in these same eyes was 64% and varied according to several factors. The risk of NVD in a study eye was increased if the contralateral treated eye had NVD rather than NVE or @entity5 (odds ratio [OR], 6.1; P < .0001). It was also increased if the study eye had, at the baseline examination, soft exudates and @entity4 (OR, 5.7; P = .002) or soft exudates alone (OR, 4.0; P = .04). @entity2 and poor glycemic control were each associated with a two-fold increase in risk but neither was statistically significant. Eyes of individuals over 40 years of age were protected from the development of NVD (OR, 0.5; P < .05). The findings of this study support the hypothesis that, in @entity0 with @entity1 , the development of NVD is determined by different factors than the development of NVE.

title: Different determinants of neovascularization on the optic disc and on the retina in @entity0 with severe nonproliferative XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Almost all @entity0 with type I and many with @entity6 develop @entity5 . This entity consists of two components: new blood vessels on the optic disc (NVD), which frequently lead to @entity3 , and new blood vessels elsewhere on the retina (NVE), which do not pose such a serious threat to vision. This study examined determinants of neovascularization specifically on the optic disc in eyes with @entity5 . The study eyes were under surveillance as the untreated control eyes of @entity0 in the @entity1 Study. During the 5-year follow-up period, NVE developed in almost all of the eyes, whereas the cumulative incidence of NVD in these same eyes was 64% and varied according to several factors. The risk of NVD in a study eye was increased if the contralateral treated eye had NVD rather than NVE or @entity5 (odds ratio [OR], 6.1; P < .0001). It was also increased if the study eye had, at the baseline examination, soft exudates and @entity4 (OR, 5.7; P = .002) or soft exudates alone (OR, 4.0; P = .04). @entity2 and poor glycemic control were each associated with a two-fold increase in risk but neither was statistically significant. Eyes of individuals over 40 years of age were protected from the development of NVD (OR, 0.5; P < .05). The findings of this study support the hypothesis that, in @entity0 with @entity1 , the development of NVD is determined by different factors than the development of NVE.

title: Different determinants of neovascularization on the optic disc and on the retina in XXXX with severe nonproliferative @entity1 .

answer: @entity0