abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate CT- @entity2 of residual masses in @entity0 with follicular @entity3 (FL) at end-treatment compared to baseline mass density and determine its potential prognostic relevance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 52 consecutive @entity0 with FL presenting with residual masses after chemotherapy receiving whole-body-CECT at baseline, end-treatment, and post-treatment were identified retrospectively by a search of our electronic medical record database from 2002 through 2010. An @entity2 ( @entity2 ), defined as the quotient of CT-attenuation [HU] between @entity1 and muscle was measured. Size was recorded as the product of long- and short-axis diameter of masses. In 38/52 @entity0 a follow-up period of >=  2 years was available to correlate results with relapse-free survival. RESULTS: @entity2 and @entity1 size of masses significantly decreased in responders when baseline was compared to end-treatment (n = 70; p < 0.05, respectively). An increase in both, @entity2 and size was recorded in case of relapse (n = 14; p < 0.05, respectively). 12/53 masses initially responded to therapy but relapsed within the consecutive 2-year period. The mean time to relapse was 13.5 months (range 5-24 months). @entity2 measured at the time of end-control was significantly lower in masses remaining stable for >=  2 years (n = 41) compared to masses with relapse during 2-year follow-up (n = 12; p < 0.05). At a threshold of an @entity2 >1 at end-control the specificity and sensitivity for relapsing disease within 2 years reached 83% and 75%, respectively. CONCLUSION: CT-attenuation measurements of residual masses in @entity0 with FL at end-control may aid in the risk stratification of early ( <= 2 years) relapsing disease.

title: Size and attenuation CT (SACT) of residual masses in XXXX with @entity3 : more than a status quo?

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: START-Register - Survey on anTicoagulated @entity0 RegisTer - is an independent, inception-cohort, observational, collaborative database aimed at recording prospectively the clinical history of adult patients starting anticoagulant treatment for any reason and using whatever drug. In this article we present the START-Register and give cross section baseline data focusing on @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity0 are asked to insert prospectively consecutive @entity0 recorded as electronic file on the web-site of the registry. Required data are: demographic and clinical characteristics of @entity0 , associated risk factors for @entity1 and @entity3 , laboratory routine data, clinical indication for treatment, expected therapeutic range (in cases of treatment with vitamin K antagonists -VKAs). The follow-up is carried out to record: quality of treatment (for @entity0 on VKAs), @entity3 complications, @entity4 events, and the onset of any type of associated disease. To date 5252 @entity0 have been enrolled; 97.6% were on VKAs because direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) have been available in Italy only recently. The median age was 74 years [interquartile range (IQR) 64-80]; males 53.7%. This analysis is focused on the 3209 (61.1%) @entity5 @entity0 . Mean CHADS2 score was 2.1  1.1, CHADSVASc score was 3.1  1.3;median age was 76 years (IQR 70-81); 168 @entity0 (5.3%) had severe @entity2 [Creatinine clearance (CrCl) <30 ml/min]. Moderate @entity2 (CrCl 30-59 ml/min) was found in 1265 @entity0 (39.5%). The analysis of the START-Register data shows that two-third of @entity0 who started chronic anticoagulant treatment had @entity5 , one-third of them was > 80 years with high prevalence of @entity2 .

title: The Italian START-Register on Anticoagulation with Focus on XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although the protocol of 48 Gy in four fractions over 4 days has been most often employed in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for stage I non-small-cell @entity1 in Japan, higher doses are necessary to control larger @entity2 , and interfraction intervals should be longer than 24 hours to take advantage of reoxygenation. We report the final results of our study testing the following regimen: for @entity2 less than 1.5, 1.5-3, and greater than 3   cm in diameter, 44, 48, and 52 Gy, respectively, were given in four fractions with interfraction intervals of greater than or equal to 3 days. METHODS: Among 180 histologically proven @entity0 entered, 120 were medically inoperable and 60 were operable. The median @entity0 age was 77 years (range, 29-89). SBRT was performed with 6-MV photons using four noncoplanar and three coplanar beams. Isocenter doses of 44, 48, and 52 Gy were given to four, 124, and 52 @entity0 , respectively. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate was 52.2% for all 180 @entity0 and 66% for 60 operable @entity0 . The 5-year local control rate was 86% for @entity2 less than or equal to 3   cm (44/48 Gy) and 73% for @entity2 greater than 3   cm (52 Gy; p = 0.076). Grade greater than or equal to 2 radiation @entity3 developed in 13% (10% for the 44/48-Gy group and 21% for the 52-Gy group; p = 0.056). Other grade 2 @entity4 were all less than 4%. CONCLUSIONS: Our first prospective SBRT study yielded reasonable local control and overall survival rates and acceptable @entity4 . Refinement of the protocol including dose escalation may lead to better outcome.

title: Stereotactic body radiotherapy using a radiobiology-based regimen for stage I non-small-cell XXXX : five-year mature results.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 is the most common @entity1 . It has a tendency of recurrence and malignant transformation. The surgical excision of this lesion continues to be the subject of a major debate. In this study, we discuss optimal surgical options for @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed clinical records of 82 @entity0 who underwent surgery. RESULTS: The @entity1 was localized in the superficial lobe in 81.7% of cases. @entity1 of the deep lobe were removed by total parotidectomy. Those of the superficial lobe underwent partial exofacial parotidectomy (7 cases), exofacial parotidectomy (44 cases), or total parotidectomy (16 cases). Transitory @entity2 was higher after total parotidectomy. Only one @entity0 developed a recurrence, his @entity1 showed capsule infiltration. DISCUSSION: Conventional or partial superficial parotidectomy may be a good compromise with fewer complications and low incidence of recurrence.

title: [Surgery of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is a common and troublesome symptom in palliative care. Pilocarpine is a cholinergic agent that promotes salivation. AIM: This study aimed to test the feasibility of using n-of-1 trials to test pilocarpine drops compared to placebo, for @entity0 of palliative care units with @entity1 , who experienced @entity3 . DESIGN: This was an N-of-1 study, in which each @entity0 was offered three cycles of pilocarpine drops 4% (6 mg tds) (3 days) and placebo drops (3 days) in random order. SETTING/ @entity0 : @entity0 were @entity0 of specialist palliative care services with @entity1 assessed as having a @entity3 , defined as having a score of    3 on an 11-point self-rated xerostomia numerical rating scale, from any cause. @entity0 self-completed a diary using validated symptom and quality-of-life scores. The randomisation order was unmasked at the end of each @entity0 's trial by a clinician independent of the trial to allow a treatment decisions for individual @entity0 to be made. RESULTS: Nine @entity0 completed at least 1 cycle; 33 cycles of data were completed in total, comprising 438 doses of pilocarpine. Four @entity0 completed the trial: two responded and two did not. Most withdrawals related to deteriorating condition, unacceptable @entity2 , non-compliance with study procedures or withdrawal of consent. Many issues contributed to slow recruitment and high withdrawal rate. CONCLUSION: The formulation of pilocarpine drops proved unacceptable to most @entity0 . More work is required to determine an appropriate formulation, dose and method of delivery and then a retest of pilocarpine drops for this symptom.

title: Testing pilocarpine drops for @entity3 in XXXX using n-of-1 trials: A feasibility study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is a common and troublesome symptom in palliative care. Pilocarpine is a cholinergic agent that promotes salivation. AIM: This study aimed to test the feasibility of using n-of-1 trials to test pilocarpine drops compared to placebo, for @entity0 of palliative care units with @entity1 , who experienced @entity3 . DESIGN: This was an N-of-1 study, in which each @entity0 was offered three cycles of pilocarpine drops 4% (6 mg tds) (3 days) and placebo drops (3 days) in random order. SETTING/ @entity0 : @entity0 were @entity0 of specialist palliative care services with @entity1 assessed as having a @entity3 , defined as having a score of    3 on an 11-point self-rated xerostomia numerical rating scale, from any cause. @entity0 self-completed a diary using validated symptom and quality-of-life scores. The randomisation order was unmasked at the end of each @entity0 's trial by a clinician independent of the trial to allow a treatment decisions for individual @entity0 to be made. RESULTS: Nine @entity0 completed at least 1 cycle; 33 cycles of data were completed in total, comprising 438 doses of pilocarpine. Four @entity0 completed the trial: two responded and two did not. Most withdrawals related to deteriorating condition, unacceptable @entity2 , non-compliance with study procedures or withdrawal of consent. Many issues contributed to slow recruitment and high withdrawal rate. CONCLUSION: The formulation of pilocarpine drops proved unacceptable to most @entity0 . More work is required to determine an appropriate formulation, dose and method of delivery and then a retest of pilocarpine drops for this symptom.

title: Testing pilocarpine drops for XXXX in @entity1 using n-of-1 trials: A feasibility study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 @entity1 , an innate immunity molecule, is encoded by two genes @entity1 and @entity2 . The 5' untranslated splice variant of @entity2 (ABD), but not of @entity1 (AD), contains exon B (eB). eB is an enhancer for transcription and translation, and contains cis regulatory elements. Specific trans-acting factors, including 14-3-3, bind eB. The 14-3-3 protein family contains 7 isoforms that were found by mass spectrometry to be present in eB electromobility shift assays (REMSA) (AJPLC MP 304:L722, 2013). We investigated whether 14-3-3 isoforms bind directly to eB using four different approaches. i) eB RNA pull down assays showed that 14-3-3 isoforms bind specifically eB. ii) REMSA complexes were formed using purified 14-3-3 isoforms (b, y,   ,   ,   ,   ) with wild type eB RNA, but not with isoform   . Both iii) RNA affinity chromatography assays and vi) Surface Plasmon Resonance analysis showed that 14-3-3 isoforms b, y,   ,   ,   , and   , but not   , bind specifically and directly eB. Inibition of 14-3-3 isoforms y,   ,   , and   /   with shRNAs in @entity0 cells resulted in downregulation of @entity2 levels, leaving the @entity1 levels unaffected. However, inhibition of 14-3-3    isoform was correlated with lower levels of both @entity1 and @entity2 . Inhibition of 14-3-3   /   isoform that does not bind eB had no effect on the expression levels of @entity1 and @entity2 . In conclusion the 14-3-3 protein family affects differential regulation of @entity1 and @entity2 by binding directly to @entity2 5'UTR mRNA.

title: 14-3-3 isoforms bind directly Exon B of the 5'UTR of @entity0 XXXX mRNA.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 @entity1 , an innate immunity molecule, is encoded by two genes @entity1 and @entity2 . The 5' untranslated splice variant of @entity2 (ABD), but not of @entity1 (AD), contains exon B (eB). eB is an enhancer for transcription and translation, and contains cis regulatory elements. Specific trans-acting factors, including 14-3-3, bind eB. The 14-3-3 protein family contains 7 isoforms that were found by mass spectrometry to be present in eB electromobility shift assays (REMSA) (AJPLC MP 304:L722, 2013). We investigated whether 14-3-3 isoforms bind directly to eB using four different approaches. i) eB RNA pull down assays showed that 14-3-3 isoforms bind specifically eB. ii) REMSA complexes were formed using purified 14-3-3 isoforms (b, y,   ,   ,   ,   ) with wild type eB RNA, but not with isoform   . Both iii) RNA affinity chromatography assays and vi) Surface Plasmon Resonance analysis showed that 14-3-3 isoforms b, y,   ,   ,   , and   , but not   , bind specifically and directly eB. Inibition of 14-3-3 isoforms y,   ,   , and   /   with shRNAs in @entity0 cells resulted in downregulation of @entity2 levels, leaving the @entity1 levels unaffected. However, inhibition of 14-3-3    isoform was correlated with lower levels of both @entity1 and @entity2 . Inhibition of 14-3-3   /   isoform that does not bind eB had no effect on the expression levels of @entity1 and @entity2 . In conclusion the 14-3-3 protein family affects differential regulation of @entity1 and @entity2 by binding directly to @entity2 5'UTR mRNA.

title: 14-3-3 isoforms bind directly Exon B of the 5'UTR of XXXX @entity2 mRNA.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite parents' stated desire to treat @entity1 in their @entity0 , recent studies have critiqued their underuse of prescribed analgesics to treat @entity1 in their @entity0 after painful procedures. Parents' analgesic preferences, including their perceived importance of providing @entity1 relief or avoiding adverse drug effects may have important implications for their analgesic decisions, yet no studies have evaluated the influence of preferences on decisions to withhold prescribed opioids for @entity0 . OBJECTIVES: We prospectively explored how parents' preferences influenced decisions to withhold prescribed opioids when faced with hypothetical dilemmas and after hospital discharge. DESIGN: Prospective Observational Study Design: Phase 1 included hypothetical analgesic decisions and Phase 2, real analgesic decisions after hospital discharge. SETTING: Large tertiary care pediatric hospital in the Midwest of the United States. @entity0 : Five-hundred seven parents whose @entity0 underwent a painful surgical procedure requiring an opioid prescription were included. METHODS: At baseline, parents completed surveys assessing their @entity1 relief preference (i.e., their rated importance of @entity1 relief relative to adverse drug event avoidance), preferred treatment thresholds (i.e., @entity1 level at which they would give an opioid), adverse drug event understanding, and hypothetical trade-off decisions (i.e., scenarios presenting variable @entity1 and adverse drug event symptoms in a @entity0 ). After discharge, parents recorded all analgesics they gave their @entity0 as well as @entity1 scores at the time of administration. RESULTS: Higher preference to provide @entity1 relief (over avoid analgesic risk) lessened the likelihood that parents would withhold the prescribed opioid when adverse drug event symptoms were present together with high @entity1 scores in the hypothetical scenarios. Additionally, higher preferred treatment thresholds increased the likelihood of parents withholding opioids during their hypothetical decision-making as well as at home. The strong influence of these preferences weakened the effect of opioid ADE understanding on decisions to withhold opioids when ADEs (i.e., @entity2 / @entity3 or oversedation) were present together with high @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study suggest that preferences strongly influence and may interfere with parents' effective and safe analgesic decision-making when conflicting symptoms (i.e., high @entity1 and an ADE) are present. To improve effective analgesic use, there is a need to shape parents' preferences and improve their understanding of safe actions that will treat @entity1 when ADE symptoms are present.

title: Parents' preferences strongly influence their decisions to withhold prescribed opioids when faced with analgesic trade-off dilemmas for XXXX : A prospective observational study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Certain hypovirulent Rhizoctonia isolates effectively protect plants against well-known important pathogens among Rhizoctonia isolates as well as against other pathogens. The modes of action involved in this protection include resistance induced in plants by colonization with hypovirulent Rhizoctonia isolates. The qualifications of hypovirulent isolates (efficient protection, rapid growth, effective colonization of the plants, and easy application in the field) provide a significant potential for the development of a commercial microbial preparation for application as biological control agents. Understanding of the modes of action involved in protection is important for improving the various aspects of development and application of such preparations. The hypothesis of the present study is that resistance pathways such as systemic acquired resistance (SAR), induced systemic resistance (ISR), and phytoalexins are induced in plants colonized by the protective hypovirulent Rhizoctonia isolates and are involved in the protection of these plants against pathogenic Rhizoctonia. Changes in protection levels of @entity0 mutants defective in defense-related genes ( @entity1 -1, @entity1 -2, ndr1-1, @entity1 -2/ndr1-1, cim6, wrky70.1, @entity5 , and pbs3-1) and colonized with the hypovirulent Rhizoctonia isolates compared with that of the wild type (wt) plants colonized with the same isolates confirmed the involvement of induced resistance in the protection of the plants against pathogenic Rhizoctonia spp., although protection levels of mutants constantly expressing SAR genes ( @entity5 and cim6) were lower than that of wt plants. Plant colonization by hypovirulent Rhizoctonia isolates induced elevated expression levels of the following genes: @entity2 (SAR), @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity9 (ISR), and @entity7 (phytoalexin production), which indicated that all of these pathways were induced in the hypovirulent-colonized plants. When SAR or ISR were induced separately in plants after application of the chemical inducers Bion and @entity4 , respectively, only ISR activation resulted in a higher protection level against the pathogen, although the protection was minor. In conclusion, plant colonization with the protective hypovirulent Rhizoctonia isolates significantly induced genes involved in the SAR, ISR, and phytoalexin production pathways. In the studied system, SAR probably did not play a major role in the mode of protection against pathogenic Rhizoctonia spp.; however, it may play a more significant role in protection against other pathogens.

title: Assessment of resistance pathways induced in XXXX by hypovirulent Rhizoctonia spp. isolates.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Mutations in the genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens can significantly affect the risk of cell transformation and @entity1 development. The resident Lebanese population has experienced a sharp increase in @entity1 incidence within the last few years. The relationship between gene polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes and @entity4 incidence was not previously investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 gene polymorphisms and @entity4 incidence among Lebanese. Blood and/or paraffin-embedded biopsy samples were collected from @entity0 and healthy controls. The genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results of the present case-control study show that the studied Lebanese population generally resembles Caucasian populations with respect to the considered polymorphisms. Further, the @entity7 *0/*0 genotype is a significant risk factor for gastric (odds ratio   =   4.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-14.5) and @entity2 (odds ratio   =   3.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.7-8.5); on the other hand, @entity5 *2A and @entity6 *6 alone are not significantly associated with @entity4 development, although @entity5 *2A was more frequent among @entity0 . A remarkable and statistically significant 36.5-fold increase in the risk of @entity3 was observed among @entity0 with @entity5 *2A/*2A combined with @entity7 *0/*0. The investigation of genetic risk factors and susceptibility gene polymorphisms in Lebanese is helpful for better understanding of @entity4 etiology.

title: XXXX , @entity6 , and @entity7 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to @entity2 among Lebanese.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Mutations in the genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens can significantly affect the risk of cell transformation and @entity1 development. The resident Lebanese population has experienced a sharp increase in @entity1 incidence within the last few years. The relationship between gene polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes and @entity4 incidence was not previously investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 gene polymorphisms and @entity4 incidence among Lebanese. Blood and/or paraffin-embedded biopsy samples were collected from @entity0 and healthy controls. The genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results of the present case-control study show that the studied Lebanese population generally resembles Caucasian populations with respect to the considered polymorphisms. Further, the @entity7 *0/*0 genotype is a significant risk factor for gastric (odds ratio   =   4.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-14.5) and @entity2 (odds ratio   =   3.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.7-8.5); on the other hand, @entity5 *2A and @entity6 *6 alone are not significantly associated with @entity4 development, although @entity5 *2A was more frequent among @entity0 . A remarkable and statistically significant 36.5-fold increase in the risk of @entity3 was observed among @entity0 with @entity5 *2A/*2A combined with @entity7 *0/*0. The investigation of genetic risk factors and susceptibility gene polymorphisms in Lebanese is helpful for better understanding of @entity4 etiology.

title: @entity5 , XXXX , and @entity7 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to @entity2 among Lebanese.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Mutations in the genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens can significantly affect the risk of cell transformation and @entity1 development. The resident Lebanese population has experienced a sharp increase in @entity1 incidence within the last few years. The relationship between gene polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes and @entity4 incidence was not previously investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 gene polymorphisms and @entity4 incidence among Lebanese. Blood and/or paraffin-embedded biopsy samples were collected from @entity0 and healthy controls. The genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results of the present case-control study show that the studied Lebanese population generally resembles Caucasian populations with respect to the considered polymorphisms. Further, the @entity7 *0/*0 genotype is a significant risk factor for gastric (odds ratio   =   4.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-14.5) and @entity2 (odds ratio   =   3.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.7-8.5); on the other hand, @entity5 *2A and @entity6 *6 alone are not significantly associated with @entity4 development, although @entity5 *2A was more frequent among @entity0 . A remarkable and statistically significant 36.5-fold increase in the risk of @entity3 was observed among @entity0 with @entity5 *2A/*2A combined with @entity7 *0/*0. The investigation of genetic risk factors and susceptibility gene polymorphisms in Lebanese is helpful for better understanding of @entity4 etiology.

title: @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to XXXX among Lebanese.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Mutations in the genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens can significantly affect the risk of cell transformation and @entity1 development. The resident Lebanese population has experienced a sharp increase in @entity1 incidence within the last few years. The relationship between gene polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes and @entity4 incidence was not previously investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 gene polymorphisms and @entity4 incidence among Lebanese. Blood and/or paraffin-embedded biopsy samples were collected from @entity0 and healthy controls. The genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results of the present case-control study show that the studied Lebanese population generally resembles Caucasian populations with respect to the considered polymorphisms. Further, the @entity7 *0/*0 genotype is a significant risk factor for gastric (odds ratio   =   4.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-14.5) and @entity2 (odds ratio   =   3.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.7-8.5); on the other hand, @entity5 *2A and @entity6 *6 alone are not significantly associated with @entity4 development, although @entity5 *2A was more frequent among @entity0 . A remarkable and statistically significant 36.5-fold increase in the risk of @entity3 was observed among @entity0 with @entity5 *2A/*2A combined with @entity7 *0/*0. The investigation of genetic risk factors and susceptibility gene polymorphisms in Lebanese is helpful for better understanding of @entity4 etiology.

title: @entity5 , @entity6 , and XXXX gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to @entity2 among Lebanese.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Weimaraner @entity1 are defined by light brown coat colour termed grey including several shadings ranging from @entity2 and deer to @entity0 grey. In contrast, the so-called blue Weimaraners (BW) with lightened black-pigmented coat have been proposed to represent spontaneous revertants in the Weimaraner breed. In order to investigate the genetic determinants of the characteristic grey coat colour versus those of BW, known variation in coat colour genes including @entity3 and @entity4 were analysed in a number of grey and blue @entity1 . Variations at the B locus cause grey coat colour in Weimaraners via two non-functional @entity3 copies (bb) including the b(s), b(d) and b(c) alleles. In all BW, at least one functional @entity3 allele (Bb or BB genotype) was identified. Defined microsatellite alleles in @entity3 intron 4 are linked to this functional B allele in BW. These alleles were also detected in various other @entity1 breeds, but not in grey Weimaraners. The combination of a dominant trait for blue versus grey together with a specific @entity3 haplotype in BW suggests that blue coat colour is not the result of spontaneous (back-) mutation in grey Weimaraners. This inference is even emphasized by the presence of a unique Y-chomosomal haplotype in a male offspring of the supposed ancestor of the BW population which - according to pedigree information - carries a copy of the original Y chromosome. Thus, molecular genetic analyses of coat colours combined with Y-chromosomal haplotypes allow tracing the origin of atypical @entity1 in respective @entity1 populations.

title: Tracing the origin of 'blue Weimaraner' XXXX by molecular genetics.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Small, round photocoagulator lesions of 3-6 degrees (0.6-1.2 mm) diameter were placed nasally on the retina of adult @entity0 . Histological controls proved the complete destruction of all @entity1 . Changes in lesion size by shrinkage of the @entity2 did not exceed 0.1 mm or 0.5 degrees. At different times after photocoagulation, single cells were recorded in layers A and A1 of the contralateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) with @entity3 microelectrodes. Acute lesions of this size completely deafferented single LGN cells in layer A whose receptive field (RF) area was within the lesion. Thirty days and more after coagulation, light-excitable cells were detected in the originally deafferented LGN region, with RFs in the immediate surround of the @entity1 . The spontaneous activity and light excitability of these neurons were altered. The representation of 3-4 degrees retinal lesions at 20 degrees horizontal eccentricity was found to be completely filled in by excitation in the LGN. Excitation had spread from the unsevered parts of the retina into the region of deafferentation. Single cells with signs of multiple activation from more than one border region of the @entity1 were occasionally detected.

title: Time-dependent decrease in the extent of visual deafferentation in the lateral geniculate nucleus of adult XXXX with small retinal lesions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The root cause of capsular contracture (CC) associated with breast implants is unknown. Recent evidence points to the possible role of fibrin and bacteria in CC formation. OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to determine whether fibrin, @entity2 , and blood modulated the histological and microbiological outcomes of breast implant capsule formation in a @entity1 model. METHODS: The authors carried out a case-control study to assess the influence of fibrin, @entity2 , and blood on capsule wound healing in a @entity1 model. Eighteen New Zealand white @entity1 received four tissue expanders. One expander acted as a control, whereas the other expander pockets received one of the following: fibrin glue, @entity1 blood, or @entity2 sealant. Intracapsular pressure/volume curves were compared among the groups, and histological and microbiological evaluations were performed (capsules, tissue expanders, @entity1 skin, and air). The @entity1 were euthanized at two or four weeks. RESULTS: At four weeks, the fibrin and @entity2 expanders demonstrated significantly decreased intracapsular pressure compared to the control group. In the control and fibrin groups, mixed @entity0 correlated with decreased intracapsular pressure, whereas mononuclear @entity0 correlated with increased intracapsular pressure. The predominant isolate in the capsules, tissue expanders, and @entity1 skin was coagulase-negative staphylococci. For fibrin and @entity2 , both cultures that showed an organism other than staphylococci and cultures that were negative were associated with decreased intracapsular pressure, whereas cultures positive for staphylococci were associated with increased intracapsular pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Fibrin application during breast implantation may reduce rates of CC, but the presence of staphylococci is associated with increased capsule pressure even in the presence of fibrin, so care should be taken to avoid bacterial contamination.

title: Effects of fibrin, XXXX , and blood on breast capsule formation in a preclinical model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: B cells play a central role in @entity13 ( @entity13 ). Rituximab is expected to induce apoptosis of all the @entity16 -positive B cells. A proportion of @entity0 are refractory or intolerant to standard immunosuppression. These are candidate to new therapeutic options. METHODS: Eight @entity0 [six @entity0 , two @entity0 , mean age 41-year-old (27-51), with severe multiorgan involvement (kidney, skin, nervous system, @entity9 , @entity12 , @entity15 )] were considered eligible for an intensive combination therapy including rituximab. Rituximab was administered (dose 375 mg/m(2)) on Days #2, 8, 15 and 22. Two more doses were administered 1 and 2 months following the last weekly infusion. This treatment was combined with two pulses of 750 mg @entity11 (Days #4 and 17) and three pulses of 15 mg/kg (Days #1, 4 and 8) @entity14 followed by oral @entity5 , 50 mg for 2 weeks rapidly tapered until 5 mg in 2 months. Response was evaluated by assessing the changes in clinical signs and symptoms [Systemic Lupus @entity2 Activity Index (SLEDAI score)] and laboratory parameters for at least 12 months. RESULTS: Levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and anti-double-strand DNA antibodies significantly decreased (P < 0.01 at 12 months), whereas C3 and mainly C4 values increased at 6 months (P < 0.01 for C4). @entity10 improved in the cases with renal involvement (P < 0.01 at 3, 6 and 12 months). SLEDAI score improved moving from the mean 17.3 (12-27) before therapy to 3.1 (1-5) after rituximab treatment. Constitutional symptoms including @entity17 , @entity8 and @entity4 disappeared in all the previously affected @entity0 ; paresthesia improved in the four @entity0 with @entity7 and @entity6 gradually resolved in the @entity0 with @entity1 skin ulcers at presentation. @entity3 were negligible. CONCLUSIONS: Long-lasting remissions were obtained in @entity0 with severe @entity13 and major organ involvement by this intensive administration of rituximab combined with low doses of intravenous @entity11 and @entity14 pulses followed by a rapid tapering of @entity5 to 5 mg/day as a sole maintenance therapy.

title: Intensive short-term treatment with rituximab, @entity11 and @entity14 pulses induces remission in severe cases of XXXX with nephritis and avoids further immunosuppressive maintenance therapy.

answer: @entity13


abstract: BACKGROUND: B cells play a central role in @entity13 ( @entity13 ). Rituximab is expected to induce apoptosis of all the @entity16 -positive B cells. A proportion of @entity0 are refractory or intolerant to standard immunosuppression. These are candidate to new therapeutic options. METHODS: Eight @entity0 [six @entity0 , two @entity0 , mean age 41-year-old (27-51), with severe multiorgan involvement (kidney, skin, nervous system, @entity9 , @entity12 , @entity15 )] were considered eligible for an intensive combination therapy including rituximab. Rituximab was administered (dose 375 mg/m(2)) on Days #2, 8, 15 and 22. Two more doses were administered 1 and 2 months following the last weekly infusion. This treatment was combined with two pulses of 750 mg @entity11 (Days #4 and 17) and three pulses of 15 mg/kg (Days #1, 4 and 8) @entity14 followed by oral @entity5 , 50 mg for 2 weeks rapidly tapered until 5 mg in 2 months. Response was evaluated by assessing the changes in clinical signs and symptoms [Systemic Lupus @entity2 Activity Index (SLEDAI score)] and laboratory parameters for at least 12 months. RESULTS: Levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and anti-double-strand DNA antibodies significantly decreased (P < 0.01 at 12 months), whereas C3 and mainly C4 values increased at 6 months (P < 0.01 for C4). @entity10 improved in the cases with renal involvement (P < 0.01 at 3, 6 and 12 months). SLEDAI score improved moving from the mean 17.3 (12-27) before therapy to 3.1 (1-5) after rituximab treatment. Constitutional symptoms including @entity17 , @entity8 and @entity4 disappeared in all the previously affected @entity0 ; paresthesia improved in the four @entity0 with @entity7 and @entity6 gradually resolved in the @entity0 with @entity1 skin ulcers at presentation. @entity3 were negligible. CONCLUSIONS: Long-lasting remissions were obtained in @entity0 with severe @entity13 and major organ involvement by this intensive administration of rituximab combined with low doses of intravenous @entity11 and @entity14 pulses followed by a rapid tapering of @entity5 to 5 mg/day as a sole maintenance therapy.

title: Intensive short-term treatment with rituximab, @entity11 and XXXX pulses induces remission in severe cases of @entity13 with nephritis and avoids further immunosuppressive maintenance therapy.

answer: @entity14


abstract: BACKGROUND: B cells play a central role in @entity13 ( @entity13 ). Rituximab is expected to induce apoptosis of all the @entity16 -positive B cells. A proportion of @entity0 are refractory or intolerant to standard immunosuppression. These are candidate to new therapeutic options. METHODS: Eight @entity0 [six @entity0 , two @entity0 , mean age 41-year-old (27-51), with severe multiorgan involvement (kidney, skin, nervous system, @entity9 , @entity12 , @entity15 )] were considered eligible for an intensive combination therapy including rituximab. Rituximab was administered (dose 375 mg/m(2)) on Days #2, 8, 15 and 22. Two more doses were administered 1 and 2 months following the last weekly infusion. This treatment was combined with two pulses of 750 mg @entity11 (Days #4 and 17) and three pulses of 15 mg/kg (Days #1, 4 and 8) @entity14 followed by oral @entity5 , 50 mg for 2 weeks rapidly tapered until 5 mg in 2 months. Response was evaluated by assessing the changes in clinical signs and symptoms [Systemic Lupus @entity2 Activity Index (SLEDAI score)] and laboratory parameters for at least 12 months. RESULTS: Levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and anti-double-strand DNA antibodies significantly decreased (P < 0.01 at 12 months), whereas C3 and mainly C4 values increased at 6 months (P < 0.01 for C4). @entity10 improved in the cases with renal involvement (P < 0.01 at 3, 6 and 12 months). SLEDAI score improved moving from the mean 17.3 (12-27) before therapy to 3.1 (1-5) after rituximab treatment. Constitutional symptoms including @entity17 , @entity8 and @entity4 disappeared in all the previously affected @entity0 ; paresthesia improved in the four @entity0 with @entity7 and @entity6 gradually resolved in the @entity0 with @entity1 skin ulcers at presentation. @entity3 were negligible. CONCLUSIONS: Long-lasting remissions were obtained in @entity0 with severe @entity13 and major organ involvement by this intensive administration of rituximab combined with low doses of intravenous @entity11 and @entity14 pulses followed by a rapid tapering of @entity5 to 5 mg/day as a sole maintenance therapy.

title: Intensive short-term treatment with rituximab, XXXX and @entity14 pulses induces remission in severe cases of @entity13 with nephritis and avoids further immunosuppressive maintenance therapy.

answer: @entity11


abstract: Gram negative anaerobic microbial degradation of proteins, peptides and @entity4 in saliva leads to production of oral malodor. Volatile @entity3 compounds (VSCs) from @entity2 and @entity0 /skatole (I/S) from @entity5 are two major components of breath odor. In this study, salivary mixed bacteria and oral pure cultures were compared for their ability to produce odor from @entity2 , @entity5 and salivary supernatant. The VSC malodor inhibitor, @entity1 , was used to help identify the malodor processes involved. Salivary sediment and salivary supernatant were both obtained from wax-stimulated whole saliva. Gram positive (13) and Gram negative (12) oral pure cultures of common salivary bacteria were each grown in appropriate media and harvested. Incubation mixtures were prepared with salivary sediment at 16.7% (v/v) or bacterial pure cultures at 8.3% (v/v). @entity2 or @entity5 at 6 mM or salivary supernatant at 33.3% (v/v) was added. When included, @entity1 as @entity8 was added at 6 mM. All incubations were carried out for 24 h at 37   C. Odor generation was assessed organoleptically (0-4 severity scale); VSC was determined with a Halimeter (Interscan Corp., Chatsworth, CA) and I/S was determined using Kovac's colorimetric method. Organoleptic odor levels produced by salivary sediment mixed bacteria with the three substrates tested were comparable, though @entity5 and @entity2 generated distinct and characteristic odors. With @entity2 and supernatant, rapid and substantial VSC was generated; with @entity5 no such VSC formation was observed. @entity1 inhibited VSC generation from @entity2 and from salivary supernatant but had no effect on I/S from @entity5 . Surprisingly though, @entity1 which had no effect on I/S production from free @entity5 , reduced I/S production from supernatant. Of the 12 Gram negative bacteria, 75% produced I/S (mean 3.1    1.5 SEM mg ml(-1)); most was generated by @entity6 intermedia, @entity6 and @entity7 . Gram positive pure cultures produced none. Comparable levels of organoleptic odor were produced by @entity6 from @entity5 and @entity2 . Malodor produced orally is complex because multiple microbial types, substrates, metabolic pathways and hence end products are involved. @entity1 clearly inhibited I/S production in salivary supernatant, possibly by interfering with the release of @entity5 from peptides/proteins.

title: Generation of XXXX /skatole during malodor formation in the salivary sediment model system and initial examination of the oral bacteria involved.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We systematically examined by immune histology the lungs of some widely used @entity1 models of @entity7 . These models include sensitization by multiple intraperitoneal injections of soluble ovalbumin (OVA) or of OVA with alum, followed by three intranasal or aerosol challenges 3 days apart. Within 24   h after a single challenge there is fibrinoid @entity2 of arterial walls with deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig) and OVA and infiltration of eosinophilic polymorphonuclear cells that lasts for about 3 days followed by peribronchial B-cell infiltration and slight reversible @entity8 ( @entity8 ). After two challenges, severe @entity10 is present at 6   h, increases by 72   h, and then declines; B-cell proliferation and significant @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and bronchial smooth @entity11 recur more prominently. After three challenges, there is significantly increased induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) formation, @entity8 , and smooth @entity11 . Elevated levels of @entity5 cytokines, @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity9 , are present in bronchial lavage fluids. Sensitized @entity1 have precipitating antibody and positive Arthus skin reactions but also develop significant levels of IgE antibody to OVA but only 1 week after challenge. We conclude that the @entity6 induced in these models is preceded by immune complex-mediated @entity10 and iBALT formation. There are elevations of @entity5 cytokines that most likely produce bronchial lesions that resemble @entity0 @entity7 . However, it is unlikely that mast cell-activated atopic mechanisms are responsible as we found only a few presumed mast cells by @entity12 and metachromatic staining limited to the most proximal part of the main stem bronchus, and none in the remaining main stem bronchus or in the lung periphery.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 1 June 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.72.

title: Bronchial lesions of @entity1 model of XXXX are preceded by immune complex @entity10 and induced bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT).

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We systematically examined by immune histology the lungs of some widely used @entity1 models of @entity7 . These models include sensitization by multiple intraperitoneal injections of soluble ovalbumin (OVA) or of OVA with alum, followed by three intranasal or aerosol challenges 3 days apart. Within 24   h after a single challenge there is fibrinoid @entity2 of arterial walls with deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig) and OVA and infiltration of eosinophilic polymorphonuclear cells that lasts for about 3 days followed by peribronchial B-cell infiltration and slight reversible @entity8 ( @entity8 ). After two challenges, severe @entity10 is present at 6   h, increases by 72   h, and then declines; B-cell proliferation and significant @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and bronchial smooth @entity11 recur more prominently. After three challenges, there is significantly increased induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) formation, @entity8 , and smooth @entity11 . Elevated levels of @entity5 cytokines, @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity9 , are present in bronchial lavage fluids. Sensitized @entity1 have precipitating antibody and positive Arthus skin reactions but also develop significant levels of IgE antibody to OVA but only 1 week after challenge. We conclude that the @entity6 induced in these models is preceded by immune complex-mediated @entity10 and iBALT formation. There are elevations of @entity5 cytokines that most likely produce bronchial lesions that resemble @entity0 @entity7 . However, it is unlikely that mast cell-activated atopic mechanisms are responsible as we found only a few presumed mast cells by @entity12 and metachromatic staining limited to the most proximal part of the main stem bronchus, and none in the remaining main stem bronchus or in the lung periphery.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 1 June 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.72.

title: Bronchial lesions of @entity1 model of @entity7 are preceded by immune complex XXXX and induced bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT).

answer: @entity10


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We systematically examined by immune histology the lungs of some widely used @entity1 models of @entity7 . These models include sensitization by multiple intraperitoneal injections of soluble ovalbumin (OVA) or of OVA with alum, followed by three intranasal or aerosol challenges 3 days apart. Within 24   h after a single challenge there is fibrinoid @entity2 of arterial walls with deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig) and OVA and infiltration of eosinophilic polymorphonuclear cells that lasts for about 3 days followed by peribronchial B-cell infiltration and slight reversible @entity8 ( @entity8 ). After two challenges, severe @entity10 is present at 6   h, increases by 72   h, and then declines; B-cell proliferation and significant @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and bronchial smooth @entity11 recur more prominently. After three challenges, there is significantly increased induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) formation, @entity8 , and smooth @entity11 . Elevated levels of @entity5 cytokines, @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity9 , are present in bronchial lavage fluids. Sensitized @entity1 have precipitating antibody and positive Arthus skin reactions but also develop significant levels of IgE antibody to OVA but only 1 week after challenge. We conclude that the @entity6 induced in these models is preceded by immune complex-mediated @entity10 and iBALT formation. There are elevations of @entity5 cytokines that most likely produce bronchial lesions that resemble @entity0 @entity7 . However, it is unlikely that mast cell-activated atopic mechanisms are responsible as we found only a few presumed mast cells by @entity12 and metachromatic staining limited to the most proximal part of the main stem bronchus, and none in the remaining main stem bronchus or in the lung periphery.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 1 June 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.72.

title: Bronchial lesions of XXXX model of @entity7 are preceded by immune complex @entity10 and induced bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT).

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate our practices by studying the duration of hospitalization and the parental real-life experience after a primary surgery of a @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Monocentric retrospective study by analysis of the @entity0 files and phone interview of the parents whose @entity0 were operated for a primary surgery of a @entity3 isolated, or associated with a labial cleft, or included in a syndromic form. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity0 (25  B-24  G) were performed by 44  Wardill and five Furlow procedures (average age: 11  months   ) between 2010  and 2012. The average duration of the post-operative stay was 1.5  days. Thirty-three parents were contacted (67%). The return was "very well" or "well done" in 82% of the cases. The @entity2 at home was estimated by the parents as "worthless" or "little intense" in 73% of the cases. For 16% of the parents, the @entity0 seemed "uncomfortable". The prescription of analgesic was followed only in 70% of the cases. The duration of hospitalization was considered by the families as "good one" in 70% of the cases, "too long" for 12% and "too short" for 18% in particular because of difficulty in eating or parental @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Even if palatine surgery is considered to be painful, anaesthetic techniques and current analgesic protocols allow to envisage very simple and fast consequences, authorizing an early return of the @entity0 at home.

title: [Primary surgery for XXXX and short hospital stay (48h): Are they compatible?].

answer: @entity3


abstract: In this work we showed the relationship between seasonal periods and the response of R. arenarum follicles and oocytes to different @entity1 . Using in vitro germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) assays, we demonstrated that P4 is the main @entity4 capable of inducing maturation in R. arenarum oocytes and follicles. In the second part of this work we showed that @entity7 can activate pre-maturation promoting factors (pre-MPFs) such as P4, by cytoplasm microinjection experiments. The results indicated that the @entity1 assayed induced oocyte and follicle maturation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In oocytes, P4 was the most efficient @entity4 as a maturation inducer (EC50 of the reproductive period, 6 nM, EC50 of the non-reproductive period     30 nM). @entity7 ( @entity5 , @entity5 ; T, @entity2 ; and @entity0 , @entity6 ) were less efficient maturation inducers than P4 (EC50 reproductive period     50, 120 and 600 nM respectively). Similar results were obtained with intact follicles in both seasonal periods. Although the response of follicles to the different @entity7 was variable, in no case was it above the above the response induced by P4. Independently of the season, oocytes and follicles incubated in @entity8 and T underwent GVBD after 6-10 h while oocytes and follicles incubated in @entity5 and @entity0 matured more slowly. Furthermore, we demonstrated that microinjection of mature cytoplasm from @entity3 -treated oocytes is sufficient to promote GVBD in immature recipient oocytes ( @entity5 , 57    12%; @entity0 , 60    8%; T, 56    13%). Thus, @entity7 such as @entity5 , T and @entity0 are as competent as P4 to activate pre-MPF.

title: In vitro XXXX -induced meiosis in Rhinella arenarum oocytes: role of pre-MPF activation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Fibrinolytic treatment of @entity3 with streptokinase and urokinase has now been under investigation for almost 20 years. Initially encouraging reports of beneficial effects of streptokinase were not substantiated by carefully controlled studies performed on coronary care and intensive care units. Studies carried out during the last tne years were characterized by non-uniform trial conditions and results. Similarly, to date no clearly beneficial effects of urokinase could be established. In order to provide more concise analysis, the "European Cooperative Study Group for Streptokinase Treatment in @entity3 " conducted a multi-center controlled trial. @entity0 were allocated to risk-groups. Three-hundred fifteen @entity0 with medium and high risk were randomized to a 24-hour infusion of streptokinase or @entity2 . The overall mortality within six months was significantly lower in the streptokinase group (p less than 0.01) contributed primarily by eight of the eleven centers. Only 13.5% of @entity0 with @entity3 , however, were eligible for the study. Interpretation of the results yielded no indication of the nature of the fibrinolytic effects nor how the benefit could be explained pathophysiologically. Furthermore, it remains questionable whether systemically-administered streptokinase can lyse coronary @entity4 or reduce the size of @entity1 . An indirect effect of streptokinase through lowering of blood viscosity and subsequently, peripheral capillary resistance may represent a theoretical possibility. the indication of routine systemic administration of streptokinase has not yet been established. Recent reports of promising results obtained by direct, intracoronary infusion of thrombolytic agents indicate that this alternative may lead to realization of a specific effect in reduction of coronary @entity4 and, consequently, @entity1 .

title: [Fibrinolytic treatment of XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 surveillance is recognized as an integral component in the management of @entity0 ( @entity0 ). The adherence to surveillance guidelines is variable, and understanding of quality indicators and predictors of behavior is currently limited. OBJECTIVE: To perform a nationwide evaluation of the quality of @entity2 surveillance practiced by Australian endoscopists and to determine the predictors of quality practice. DESIGN: Cross-sectional nationwide survey. SETTING: Survey distributed through the gastroenterology and colorectal surgery societies covering knowledge and practice of @entity2 surveillance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Adherence to indicators of high-quality surveillance and median score of @entity2 surveillance guideline knowledge. RESULTS: A total of 264 responses were received, comprising 240 respondents who perform surveillance screening (218 gastroenterologists, 46 colorectal surgeons). Gastroenterologists were significantly more likely to undertake surveillance (P < .001), adhere to guidelines (P = .02), use advanced imaging modalities (P = .04), and have greater surveillance knowledge than colorectal surgeons (P < .001). Knowledge score and gastroenterologists were independent predictors of @entity1 screening (odds ratio [OR] 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-1.96 and OR 11.2; 95% CI, 4.53-27.87), guideline adherence (OR 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.31 and OR 2.42; 95% CI, 1.11-5.30), and advanced endoscopic imaging technique use (OR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05-1.35 and OR 2.2; 95% CI, 1.02-4.74). LIMITATIONS: Potential responder bias results appear, however, aligned with those of previous studies. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 surveillance in Australia is being performed at a high standard. Gastroenterology specialization and knowledge score have been demonstrated to be strong predictors of high-quality surveillance practice. This is the first study to determine predictors of screening behavior and quantify surveillance quality. These results further emphasize that gastroenterologists should play a key role in @entity2 surveillance.

title: Knowledge and predictors of XXXX surveillance performance in @entity0 in Australia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 surveillance is recognized as an integral component in the management of @entity0 ( @entity0 ). The adherence to surveillance guidelines is variable, and understanding of quality indicators and predictors of behavior is currently limited. OBJECTIVE: To perform a nationwide evaluation of the quality of @entity2 surveillance practiced by Australian endoscopists and to determine the predictors of quality practice. DESIGN: Cross-sectional nationwide survey. SETTING: Survey distributed through the gastroenterology and colorectal surgery societies covering knowledge and practice of @entity2 surveillance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Adherence to indicators of high-quality surveillance and median score of @entity2 surveillance guideline knowledge. RESULTS: A total of 264 responses were received, comprising 240 respondents who perform surveillance screening (218 gastroenterologists, 46 colorectal surgeons). Gastroenterologists were significantly more likely to undertake surveillance (P < .001), adhere to guidelines (P = .02), use advanced imaging modalities (P = .04), and have greater surveillance knowledge than colorectal surgeons (P < .001). Knowledge score and gastroenterologists were independent predictors of @entity1 screening (odds ratio [OR] 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-1.96 and OR 11.2; 95% CI, 4.53-27.87), guideline adherence (OR 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.31 and OR 2.42; 95% CI, 1.11-5.30), and advanced endoscopic imaging technique use (OR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05-1.35 and OR 2.2; 95% CI, 1.02-4.74). LIMITATIONS: Potential responder bias results appear, however, aligned with those of previous studies. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 surveillance in Australia is being performed at a high standard. Gastroenterology specialization and knowledge score have been demonstrated to be strong predictors of high-quality surveillance practice. This is the first study to determine predictors of screening behavior and quantify surveillance quality. These results further emphasize that gastroenterologists should play a key role in @entity2 surveillance.

title: Knowledge and predictors of @entity1 surveillance performance in XXXX in Australia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Pediatric out @entity0 Department (OPD) of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) from March 2014 to August 2014 to assess the knowledge and practices of the mothers in acute @entity1 in @entity0 under-five years of age regarding use of oral rehydration solution (ORS), @entity2 , other drugs and feeding practices. Four hundred @entity0 under-five years of age having acute @entity3 were included in the study by systematic random sampling. A structured, pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from mothers of @entity0 having @entity1 . ORS was offered by 360(90.00%) of the mothers. Out of which 279(77.50%) used it by their own knowledge. One hundred and ninety-one (53.06%) mothers prepared it correctly, while 169(46.94%) prepared it incorrectly. Of 169, 129(35.83%) mothers used less amount of water, while 40(11.11%) mothers used much amount of water to prepare ORS. Of 360 mothers, 89(24.72%) mixed part of the content of ORS sachet at a time. Of 360 mothers, only 55(15.28%) offered correct amount of ORS after each purging. @entity2 was offered in 142(35.50%) @entity0 . Of 400, only 13(3.25%) mothers used recommended home-based fluid, while 70(17.50%) mothers offered increased amount of fluid to their @entity0 . Drugs other than @entity2 and ORS were used in 247(61.75%) @entity0 . Among drugs, other than @entity2 and ORS, antibiotics was used in 109(44.13%) cases, whereas antiprotozoal in 97(39.27%) cases. Amount of liquid given was more than usual in 70(17.50%) @entity0 , same as usual in 57(14.25%) @entity0 and less than usual in 273(68.25%) @entity0 . Amount of food given was same as usual in 59(14.75%) @entity0 , while less than usual in 341(85.25%) @entity0 . Control of @entity1 programme is successful in introducing ORS at mass level. Great emphasis is needed to educate mothers about preparation and quantity of ORS to be given to @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Knowledge and practices of mothers on childhood XXXX and its management attended at a tertiary hospital in bangladesh.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist, is a common wrist pathology, @entity1 results from resisted gliding of the abductor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis brevis tendon in the fibroosseous canal. Management of resistant cases of @entity2 with failed conservative treatment treated by surgical decompression yield satisfactory outcomes. A large number of @entity0 being dissatisfied with the medical treatment, still present with persistent @entity1 and positive clinical finding. Surgical decompression is an effective method for the treatment of resistant cases of @entity2 . Outcome variables were measured by Scheller, Forget and Macey evaluation criteria. Most of our @entity0 were female 28(93.3%), housewife 17(56.7%) with mean age of 41.57 years, ranging from 25-60 years. Right sided involvement was 20(66.7%) and Left sided involvement was 10(33.3%). Restricted movement of thumb in 30(100%) were the predominant symptoms. One (3.3%) @entity0 develop chronic @entity4 , 1(3.3%) @entity0 develop @entity5 . There was no wound @entity3 in the follow-up period of 3-18 months. Satisfactory results were found in 29(96.7%).

title: Surgical Decompression of Resistant Cases of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postacute care is an essential component of medical care aimed at returning @entity1 @entity0 to their preinjury functional status. Rehabilitation services, skilled nursing facilities, and home care all play a role in facilitating the healing process. Access to such care may be limited based on insurance status, leaving the uninsured with limited resources to reach full recovery. We hypothesized that access to specialized postacute care is less available to @entity0 who lack health insurance. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of @entity1 @entity0 in the National @entity1 Databank from 2002 to 2006 was assessed to determine whether insurance status was a predictor of discharge to a specialized postacute care facility (rehabilitation, skilled nursing facilities, and home health). Using multivariate logistic regression, we assessed the likelihood of discharge to such facilities on the basis of insurance status, controlling for @entity0 demographics and injury severity. RESULTS: Adjusting for variation in age, race/ethicity, gender, and @entity1 and severity, uninsured @entity0 had the lowest odds of being discharged to a skilled nursing facility (odds ratio [OR], 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73-0.80; p<0.001), home health (OR, 0.51; 95% CI 0.49-0.53; p<0.001), and rehabilitation (OR, 0.45; 95% CI 0.44-0.46; p<0.001). Uninsured @entity0 had the highest odds, however, of being discharged directly home (OR, 1.32; 95% CI 1.30-1.34; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Insurance status is an important predictor of hospital disposition and access to specialized posthospital care. Uninsured @entity0 are less likely to have access to the full range of medical care available to ensure complete recovery from traumatic injuries.

title: Insurance status and hospital discharge disposition after XXXX : inequities in access to postacute care.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge concerning the trajectory and predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) years after @entity1 is fragmentary and these factors were therefore assessed using the EQ-5D questionnaire. METHODS: Consecutive adult burn @entity0 were included during hospitalization and assessed at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. In addition, an interview was performed at 2 years to 7 years postburn. Data concerning injury characteristics, sociodemographic variables, @entity2 , and HRQoL were obtained. RESULTS: The EQ-5D dimension Mobility improved between hospitalization and 3 months, while Anxiety/ @entity4 improved between 12 months and 2 years to 7 years. Other dimensions improved gradually. At 2 years to 7 years, only the dimensions @entity3 /Discomfort and Usual activities were lower than in the general population. In addition, overall HRQoL was lower than in the general population when measured by EQ VAS but not by EQ-5D index. EQ-5D index at 2 years to 7 years was predicted by EQ-5D index at 12 months and concurrent work status and @entity3 . EQ VAS at 2 years to 7 years was predicted by previous assessments of work status, @entity6 and EQ VAS, and concurrent work status and @entity5 . Total amount of explained variance ranged between 17% and 57%. CONCLUSIONS: HRQoL after burn is conveniently screened by EQ VAS. Impairment after 2 years to 7 years is mainly reflected in the EQ dimensions @entity3 /Discomfort and Usual activities and can be predicted in part by information available before or at 12 months.

title: Health-related quality of life 2 years to 7 years after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to explore to what extent the presence of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk constitutions differ between pregnancies complicated by small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infancy, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), or a combination of both. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cohort study in @entity0 after pregnancies complicated by @entity4 with fetal manifestations (SGA infancy [n  = 113]), maternal manifestations ( @entity3 [n  = 729]), or both (n  = 461). Independent sample t test was used to compare cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk factors between groups. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios of the prevalence of the @entity2 and its constituents between groups. Adjustments were made for maternal age, parity, smoking, interval between delivery and measurements, and @entity5 . RESULTS: The @entity2 was present in 7.5% of @entity0 who delivered SGA @entity0 , 15.6% of former @entity3 @entity0 , and 19.8% of @entity0 after pregnancy complicated by both SGA and @entity3 . @entity1 was observed in 25% of former @entity3 @entity0 and 15% of @entity0 with solely SGA. @entity0 who delivered a SGA @entity0 had lower global vascular compliance compared to former @entity3 @entity0 without SGA. CONCLUSION: Cardiometabolic risk factors consistent with @entity2 relate to the maternal rather than to the fetal presentation of @entity4 . Nonetheless, highest incidence of @entity2 was observed in @entity0 with both @entity3 and SGA. @entity3 relates to chronic @entity1 , whereas increased arterial stiffness seems to be associated with @entity0 who deliver a SGA @entity0 .

title: @entity2 , XXXX , and small for gestational age infancy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to explore to what extent the presence of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk constitutions differ between pregnancies complicated by small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infancy, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), or a combination of both. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cohort study in @entity0 after pregnancies complicated by @entity4 with fetal manifestations (SGA infancy [n  = 113]), maternal manifestations ( @entity3 [n  = 729]), or both (n  = 461). Independent sample t test was used to compare cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk factors between groups. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios of the prevalence of the @entity2 and its constituents between groups. Adjustments were made for maternal age, parity, smoking, interval between delivery and measurements, and @entity5 . RESULTS: The @entity2 was present in 7.5% of @entity0 who delivered SGA @entity0 , 15.6% of former @entity3 @entity0 , and 19.8% of @entity0 after pregnancy complicated by both SGA and @entity3 . @entity1 was observed in 25% of former @entity3 @entity0 and 15% of @entity0 with solely SGA. @entity0 who delivered a SGA @entity0 had lower global vascular compliance compared to former @entity3 @entity0 without SGA. CONCLUSION: Cardiometabolic risk factors consistent with @entity2 relate to the maternal rather than to the fetal presentation of @entity4 . Nonetheless, highest incidence of @entity2 was observed in @entity0 with both @entity3 and SGA. @entity3 relates to chronic @entity1 , whereas increased arterial stiffness seems to be associated with @entity0 who deliver a SGA @entity0 .

title: XXXX , @entity3 , and small for gestational age infancy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of pedicled @entity2 versus microsurgical free flaps in @entity0 with @entity1 for complex foot and ankle reconstruction has not been well defined. METHODS: The Georgetown Wound Registry identified all @entity0 who underwent pedicled muscle flap or free flap reconstruction from 1990 to 2000 with 8.1    3.1-year follow-up. Thirty-eight @entity1 and 42 @entity4 @entity0 were identified. Flap coverage was the reconstructive choice for defects with exposed tendons, joints, or bone, with pedicled @entity2 always selected for smaller defects. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity0 received 34 pedicled @entity2 for 34 wounds, whereas 48 received 52 free flaps for 51 wounds. Thirty-one of 34 wounds covered with pedicled @entity2 went on to heal, for a 91 percent success rate, a 94 percent limb salvage rate, and a 78 percent @entity0 survival rate. There were 15 complications among 45 reconstructive procedures, for an overall 33 percent complication rate. Forty-eight of the 51 wounds covered with free flaps went on to heal, for a 94 percent healing rate, a 96 percent limb salvage rate, and a 77 percent @entity0 survival rate. There were 17 complications among 93 reconstructive procedures, for an 18 percent complication rate. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 does not appear to affect the success of pedicled muscle flap or free flap reconstruction except for requiring more d  bridements, longer healing times, and decreased long-term survival. When compared with historical @entity1 controls with amputation, however, limb salvage appears to prolong survival of @entity1 @entity0 . Pedicled @entity2 appear to be as effective as free flaps for the coverage of small complex foot and @entity3 , despite the postoperative complication rate. @entity1 is not a contraindication to either type of flap reconstruction for limb salvage. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.(Figure is included in full-text article.).

title: Foot and ankle reconstruction: pedicled XXXX versus free flaps and the role of @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of pedicled @entity2 versus microsurgical free flaps in @entity0 with @entity1 for complex foot and ankle reconstruction has not been well defined. METHODS: The Georgetown Wound Registry identified all @entity0 who underwent pedicled muscle flap or free flap reconstruction from 1990 to 2000 with 8.1    3.1-year follow-up. Thirty-eight @entity1 and 42 @entity4 @entity0 were identified. Flap coverage was the reconstructive choice for defects with exposed tendons, joints, or bone, with pedicled @entity2 always selected for smaller defects. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity0 received 34 pedicled @entity2 for 34 wounds, whereas 48 received 52 free flaps for 51 wounds. Thirty-one of 34 wounds covered with pedicled @entity2 went on to heal, for a 91 percent success rate, a 94 percent limb salvage rate, and a 78 percent @entity0 survival rate. There were 15 complications among 45 reconstructive procedures, for an overall 33 percent complication rate. Forty-eight of the 51 wounds covered with free flaps went on to heal, for a 94 percent healing rate, a 96 percent limb salvage rate, and a 77 percent @entity0 survival rate. There were 17 complications among 93 reconstructive procedures, for an 18 percent complication rate. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 does not appear to affect the success of pedicled muscle flap or free flap reconstruction except for requiring more d  bridements, longer healing times, and decreased long-term survival. When compared with historical @entity1 controls with amputation, however, limb salvage appears to prolong survival of @entity1 @entity0 . Pedicled @entity2 appear to be as effective as free flaps for the coverage of small complex foot and @entity3 , despite the postoperative complication rate. @entity1 is not a contraindication to either type of flap reconstruction for limb salvage. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.(Figure is included in full-text article.).

title: Foot and ankle reconstruction: pedicled @entity2 versus free flaps and the role of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare post-nephrectomy renal function between kidney donors and @entity5 @entity0 , to evaluate trends in recovery, and to identify factors relevant to @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 who had radical or donor nephrectomy from four different institutions between 2003 and 2012 were reviewed. Propensity score matching was carried out and 79 @entity0 were selected for each group. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Modification of Diet in @entity1 formula preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36   months. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was compared, and the difference between preoperative values and each preceding date was calculated. A multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent factors for a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate to <60   mL/ @entity4 .73   m(2) . RESULTS: The donor nephrectomy group showed a trend of improved estimated glomerular filtration rate recovery at 24   months and 36   months compared with the radical nephrectomy group, which was statistically significant (P   =   0.028, P   =   0.012). Multivariate logistic regression showed that @entity5 (odds ratio 4.605, 95% confidence interval 1.626-13.040, P   =   0.004), a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate lower than 110 (odds ratio 4.477, 95% confidence interval 1.360-14.742, P   =   0.014) and age older than 40   years (odds ratio 21.616, 95% confidence interval 2.761-169.222, P   =   0.003) were predictive factors for a decrease in renal function. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is an independent risk factor for @entity3 after nephrectomy. In addition, age older than 40   years and a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate of 110   mL/ @entity4 .73   m(2) or less seem to represent risk factors associated with @entity3 after nephrectomy.

title: Comparison of postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate between kidney donors and radical nephrectomy @entity0 , and risk factors for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare post-nephrectomy renal function between kidney donors and @entity5 @entity0 , to evaluate trends in recovery, and to identify factors relevant to @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 who had radical or donor nephrectomy from four different institutions between 2003 and 2012 were reviewed. Propensity score matching was carried out and 79 @entity0 were selected for each group. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Modification of Diet in @entity1 formula preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36   months. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was compared, and the difference between preoperative values and each preceding date was calculated. A multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent factors for a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate to <60   mL/ @entity4 .73   m(2) . RESULTS: The donor nephrectomy group showed a trend of improved estimated glomerular filtration rate recovery at 24   months and 36   months compared with the radical nephrectomy group, which was statistically significant (P   =   0.028, P   =   0.012). Multivariate logistic regression showed that @entity5 (odds ratio 4.605, 95% confidence interval 1.626-13.040, P   =   0.004), a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate lower than 110 (odds ratio 4.477, 95% confidence interval 1.360-14.742, P   =   0.014) and age older than 40   years (odds ratio 21.616, 95% confidence interval 2.761-169.222, P   =   0.003) were predictive factors for a decrease in renal function. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is an independent risk factor for @entity3 after nephrectomy. In addition, age older than 40   years and a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate of 110   mL/ @entity4 .73   m(2) or less seem to represent risk factors associated with @entity3 after nephrectomy.

title: Comparison of postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate between kidney donors and radical nephrectomy XXXX , and risk factors for @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We report the international experience in outcomes after related and unrelated hematopoietic transplantation for infantile @entity6 in 193 @entity0 . Thirty-four percent of transplants used grafts from HLA-matched siblings, 13% from HLA-mismatched relatives, 12% from HLA-matched, and 41% from HLA-mismatched unrelated donors. The median age at transplantation was 12 months. @entity5 and @entity4 was the most common conditioning regimen. Long-term survival was higher after HLA-matched sibling compared to alternative donor transplantation. There were no differences in survival after HLA-mismatched related, HLA-matched unrelated, or mismatched unrelated donor transplantation. The 5- and 10-year probabilities of survival were 62% and 62% after HLA-matched sibling and 42% and 39% after alternative donor transplantation (P = .01 and P = .002, respectively). Graft failure was the most common cause of @entity1 , accounting for 50% of deaths after HLA-matched sibling and 43% of deaths after alternative donor transplantation. The day-28 incidence of neutrophil recovery was 66% after HLA-matched sibling and 61% after alternative donor transplantation (P = .49). The median age of surviving @entity0 is 7 years. Of evaluable surviving @entity0 , 70% are visually impaired; 10% have impaired hearing and gross motor delay. Nevertheless, 65% reported performance scores of 90 or 100, and in 17%, a score of 80 at last contact. Most survivors >5 years are attending mainstream or specialized schools. Rates of @entity7 and @entity3 were high at 20%. Though allogeneic transplantation results in long-term survival with acceptable social function, strategies to lower graft failure and hepatic and @entity2 are urgently needed.

title: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for infantile XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Defining bone quality remains elusive. From a @entity0 perspective bone quality can best be defined as an individual's likelihood of sustaining a @entity2 . @entity2 risk indicators and performance measures can help clinicians better understand individual @entity2 risk. Educational resources such as the Web can help clinicians and @entity0 better understand @entity2 risk, communicate effectively, and make decisions concerning diagnosis and treatment. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We examined four questions: What tools can be used to identify individuals at high risk for @entity2 ? What clinical performance measures are available? What strategies can help ensure that @entity0 at risk for @entity2 are identified? What are some authoritative Web sites for educating providers and @entity0 about bone quality? METHODS: Using Google, PUBMED, and trademark names, we reviewed the literature using the terms "bone quality" and " @entity1 education." Web site legitimacy was evaluated using specific criteria. Educational Web sites were limited to English-language sites sponsored by nonprofit organizations RESULTS: The @entity2 Risk Assessment Tool   (FRAX  ) and the @entity2 Risk Calculator (FRC) are reliable means of assessing @entity2 risk. Performance measures relating to bone health were developed by the AMA convened Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement   and are included in the Physician Quality Reporting Initiative. In addition, quality measures have been developed by the Joint Commission. Strategies for identifying individuals at risk include designating responsibility for case finding and intervention, evaluating secondary causes of @entity1 , educating @entity0 and providers, performing cost-effectiveness evaluation, and using information technology. An abundance of authoritative educational Web sites exists for providers and @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Effective clinical indicators, performance measures, and educational tools to better understand and identify @entity2 risk are now available. The next challenge is to encourage broader use of these resources so that individuals at high risk for @entity2 will not just be identified but will also adhere to therapy.

title: Bone quality: educational tools for XXXX , physicians, and educators.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local @entity3 destruction has been shown to give rise to changes in immunocompetent cells. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of interstitial laser thermotherapy (ILT) of @entity0 in the @entity3 and in regional lymph nodes. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 that underwent radical surgical excision after non-radical ILT were studied. ILT was performed at a steady-state temperature of 48  C for 30  min. Surgical excision was performed 12 (6-23) days after ILT. Six @entity1 with @entity0 not treated with ILT before surgery served as controls. Immunohistological reactions were performed on core needle biopsies prior to treatment and on the excised specimens. RESULTS: ILT resulted in more @entity5 lymphocytes and @entity6 macrophages within the @entity3 (P  <  0.05 and P  <  0.01, respectively) and higher counts of @entity7 (P  <  0.05), @entity6 (P  <  0.001) and @entity10 (P  <  0.01) at the @entity3 border, when compared to pre-treatment values. In the control @entity1 not receiving ILT, @entity5 cells increased within the @entity3 after resection (P  <  0.05). With the probable exception of @entity8 @entity4 cells, the presence of @entity3 in a lymph node influenced the findings in lymph nodes (examined for @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity4 @entity8 , @entity10 cells). Thus, comparisons between ILT and control @entity1 were restricted to @entity1 without lymph node @entity2 . In these @entity1 , ILT and resection were followed by a decrease in @entity8 @entity4 lymphocytes (P  <  0.05), when compared to surgical resection alone. CONCLUSIONS: ILT induced changes in immunocompetent cells in @entity1 with @entity0 . The stimulation of the immune system is an added feature of ILT in treatment of @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Changes in immunocompetent cells after interstitial laser thermotherapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) limits the penetration of many systemic antineoplastic therapies. Consequently, many agents may be used in clinical studies and clinical practice though they may not achieve therapeutic levels within the @entity2 . We sought to compile the currently available @entity0 data on antineoplastic drug concentrations in brain and @entity2 tissue according to BBB status. A review of the literature was conducted for @entity0 studies providing concentrations of antineoplastic agents in blood and metastatic @entity4 or high-grade @entity3 . Studies were considered optimal if they reported simultaneous tissue and blood concentration, multiple sampling times and locations, MRI localization, BBB status at sampling site, @entity2 histology, and individual subject data. Twenty-Four studies of 19 compounds were included. These examined 18 agents in contrast-enhancing regions of high-grade @entity3 , with optimal data for 2. For metastatic @entity4 , adequate data was found for 9 agents. Considerable heterogeneity was found in the measurement value, @entity2 type, measurement timing, and sampling location within and among studies, limiting the applicability of the results. Tissue to blood ratios ranged from 0.054 for @entity8 to 34 for @entity5 in high-grade @entity3 , and were lowest for @entity7 (0.118) and @entity6 (0.116), and highest for @entity5 (32.02) in @entity1 . The available data examining the concentration of antineoplastic agents in brain and @entity2 tissue is sparse and limited by considerable heterogeneity. More studies with careful quantification of antineoplastic agents in brain and @entity2 tissue is required for the rational development of therapeutic regimens.

title: Tissue concentration of systemically administered antineoplastic agents in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) limits the penetration of many systemic antineoplastic therapies. Consequently, many agents may be used in clinical studies and clinical practice though they may not achieve therapeutic levels within the @entity2 . We sought to compile the currently available @entity0 data on antineoplastic drug concentrations in brain and @entity2 tissue according to BBB status. A review of the literature was conducted for @entity0 studies providing concentrations of antineoplastic agents in blood and metastatic @entity4 or high-grade @entity3 . Studies were considered optimal if they reported simultaneous tissue and blood concentration, multiple sampling times and locations, MRI localization, BBB status at sampling site, @entity2 histology, and individual subject data. Twenty-Four studies of 19 compounds were included. These examined 18 agents in contrast-enhancing regions of high-grade @entity3 , with optimal data for 2. For metastatic @entity4 , adequate data was found for 9 agents. Considerable heterogeneity was found in the measurement value, @entity2 type, measurement timing, and sampling location within and among studies, limiting the applicability of the results. Tissue to blood ratios ranged from 0.054 for @entity8 to 34 for @entity5 in high-grade @entity3 , and were lowest for @entity7 (0.118) and @entity6 (0.116), and highest for @entity5 (32.02) in @entity1 . The available data examining the concentration of antineoplastic agents in brain and @entity2 tissue is sparse and limited by considerable heterogeneity. More studies with careful quantification of antineoplastic agents in brain and @entity2 tissue is required for the rational development of therapeutic regimens.

title: Tissue concentration of systemically administered antineoplastic agents in XXXX @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 of pregnancy is characterized by a combination of at least two of the following clinical symptoms: @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity5 . In three successive trials over three consecutive years, the dietary intakes of a selected number of young pregnant @entity0 attending a Maternal and @entity0 Care Clinic at Tuskegee Institute were evaluated for protein, @entity6 , and total calories. @entity0 with @entity7 were identified, and @entity0 without @entity7 served as controls. The toxemic group generally consumed more protein than the controls, but values were statistically significant only in the first trial. However, all essential @entity6 were consumed in significantly greater amounts by the toxemic group. Protein and essential @entity6 were consumed in adequate amounts (at least two-thirds of the RDA) by both groups but in amounts smaller than the national average. Non-essential @entity6 were also consumed in adequate amounts, with the toxemic group consuming larger quantities than the controls. Caloric intakes were adequate for young pregnant @entity0 . The relationships of @entity8 and of @entity7 to protein and @entity4 intake were similar and were opposite to the relationship of @entity3 to protein and @entity4 intake. Meats and grains contributed the greatest quantity of protein and @entity6 to the diet in all groups. Data seem to imply that any relationship of protein and @entity6 with @entity7 of pregnancy is a complex one involving several possibly interrelated nutritional parameters.

title: Protein, XXXX , and caloric intakes of selected pregnant @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity7 of pregnancy is characterized by a combination of at least two of the following clinical symptoms: @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity5 . In three successive trials over three consecutive years, the dietary intakes of a selected number of young pregnant @entity0 attending a Maternal and @entity0 Care Clinic at Tuskegee Institute were evaluated for protein, @entity6 , and total calories. @entity0 with @entity7 were identified, and @entity0 without @entity7 served as controls. The toxemic group generally consumed more protein than the controls, but values were statistically significant only in the first trial. However, all essential @entity6 were consumed in significantly greater amounts by the toxemic group. Protein and essential @entity6 were consumed in adequate amounts (at least two-thirds of the RDA) by both groups but in amounts smaller than the national average. Non-essential @entity6 were also consumed in adequate amounts, with the toxemic group consuming larger quantities than the controls. Caloric intakes were adequate for young pregnant @entity0 . The relationships of @entity8 and of @entity7 to protein and @entity4 intake were similar and were opposite to the relationship of @entity3 to protein and @entity4 intake. Meats and grains contributed the greatest quantity of protein and @entity6 to the diet in all groups. Data seem to imply that any relationship of protein and @entity6 with @entity7 of pregnancy is a complex one involving several possibly interrelated nutritional parameters.

title: Protein, @entity4 , and caloric intakes of selected pregnant XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This finite element analysis aimed to examine the effect of medial cortical support and medial screw support on loads at the implant-bone interface of locking plate fixation of @entity1 with a medial gap. METHODS: An intact humerus from a healthy volunteer was used as the basis for a 3-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) model. The 3D CAD model of the locking plate system was based on information in the manufacturer's catalogue. The proximal part of the humerus was osteotomized to create standard three-part @entity0 , which were then divided into a -MSC group (which lacked medial cortical support, and in which @entity0 with a 5-mm medial bone gap simulated this lack) and +MCS group (which had medial cortical support, and in which @entity0 with medial cortical-to-cortical contact simulated this). Both @entity0 groups were respectively fixed with either +MSS (in which medial screw support was simulated by the addition of two calcar screws to the locking plate system), or with -MSS (in which the lack of medial screw support was simulated by absence of the two additional calcar screws to the locking plate system). All the modeling was conducted to represent 90   arm abduction. RESULTS: On the screw-bone interface, medial screw support and medial cortical support decreased maximum shear stress by 17% and 23% respectively. On the locking plate, medial screw support and medial cortical support decreased maximum von Mises stress by 11% and 22% respectively. However, a combination of these two appeared to decrease maximum shear stress by 56% for the screw-bone interface, and maximum von Mises stress by 54% for the locking plate. CONCLUSION: Placement of calcar screws combined with good medial cortical contact in varus in locking plate fixation of @entity1 with a medial gap may provide optimal stability for the fixation.

title: Biomechanical effect of medial cortical support and medial screw support on locking plate fixation in XXXX with a medial gap: a finite element analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: Radiotherapy utilisation is likely affected by multiple factors pertaining to radiotherapy access. Radiotherapy is an integral component of breast-conserving treatment (BCT) for early @entity0 . We aimed to determine if stepwise improvements in radiotherapy access in regional Australia affected the uptake of BCT and thus radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 operations in the Central Coast of New South Wales between January 2010 and March 2014 for T1-2N0-1M0 invasive or in situ ( <=5  cm) disease in female @entity1 eligible for BCT were examined. BCT uptake was calculated for three 1 year periods: period 1 (local radiotherapy available at cost to user or out of area radiotherapy with travel cost and inconvenience); @entity4 (as per period 1  +  publicly funded transport and radiotherapy at out of area facilities at no cost to user); @entity5 (as per period 1  +  publicly funded local radiotherapy at no cost to user). RESULTS: In total, 574 cases met eligibility criteria. BCT declined with increasing distance to publicly funded radiotherapy (P  =  0.035). BCT rates for @entity6 were 63% (113/180), 61% (105/173) and 71% (156/221). There were no statistically significant differences in BCT between @entity4 in the whole cohort or within age, histology or @entity2 size subgroups. Overall, there was a 9% increase in BCT in the whole cohort in @entity5 compared with @entity4 (P  =  0.031). This increase was statistically significant for @entity1 over 70 years (19% increase, P  =  0.034), for @entity1 with @entity3 in situ (25% increase, P  =  0.013) and for @entity1 with @entity2 that were  <=10  mm (21% increase, P  =  0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Improving the affordability of radiotherapy through publicly funded transport and radiotherapy at out of area facilities did not improve BCT uptake in a region where radiotherapy was locally available, albeit at cost to the user. Improving both affordability and convenience through the provision of local publicly funded radiotherapy increased BCT uptake. Service availability and affordability have long been recognised as important determinants of radiotherapy access. Our findings suggest that inconvenience may also influence radiotherapy utilisation.

title: Examining Determinants of Radiotherapy Access: Do Cost and Radiotherapy Inconvenience Affect Uptake of Breast-conserving Treatment for Early XXXX ?

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Limited evidence suggests adverse effects of traffic noise exposure on the metabolic system. This study investigates the association between road traffic noise and @entity1 markers as well as the role of combined exposure to multiple sources of traffic noise. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study performed in 2002-2006, we assessed exposure to noise from road traffic, railways and aircraft at the residences of 5075 Swedish @entity0 and @entity0 , primarily from suburban and semirural areas of Stockholm County. A detailed questionnaire and medical examination provided information on markers of @entity1 and potential confounders. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to assess associations between traffic noise and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist-hip ratio using WHO definitions of @entity1 . RESULTS: Road traffic noise was significantly related to waist circumference with a 0.21   cm (95% CI 0.01 to 0.41) increase per 5   dB(A) rise in Lden. The OR for @entity2 among those exposed to road traffic noise >= 45   dB(A) was 1.18 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.34) in comparison to those exposed below this level. Similar results were seen for waist-hip ratio (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.45) but not for BMI (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.04). @entity2 was also associated with exposure to railway and aircraft noise, and a particularly high risk was seen for combined exposure to all three sources of traffic noise (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.24 to 3.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that traffic noise exposure can increase the risk of @entity2 . Combined exposure to different sources of traffic noise may convey a particularly high risk.

title: Exposure to traffic noise and markers of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: Oral health awareness and oral care are crucial aspects of oncology nursing practice. However very few studies concentrate on the oral care of @entity1 @entity0 undergoing @entity1 treatment and nursing practice in the Indian subcontinent. Most of the published studies have been conducted in the Western and European countries. AIM: This study aimed to determine the nurses' knowledge and education about oral care in @entity1 @entity0 undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy. SETTING AND DESIGN: A cross sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 158 staff nurses working in oncology related areas from 4 different hospitals of Dakshina Kannada district and Udupi district of Karnataka state, India. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: descriptive and inferential statistics was used by using SPSS 16 version. RESULTS: Majority 81 (51.3%) of the staff nurses had poor knowledge of oral care in @entity1 @entity0 whereas 87 (55.1%) reported that knowledge acquired through basic education in oral care is not sufficient. Most of the staff nurses 115 (72.8%) did not receive basic education in oral care of @entity1 @entity0 . There was significant association between knowledge and variables such as designation (.005), years of work experience (.040) and years of experience in @entity1 wards (.000) at 0.05 levels. CONCLUSION: Lack of knowledge suggest the need to develop and implement continuing nursing education programs on oral care specifically for @entity0 receiving @entity1 treatments, for improving knowledge of staff nurses' in order to render comprehensive care to the @entity0 . This study also recommends the importance of inclusion of @entity1 @entity0 specific oral care in the curriculum which can enhance competency of the qualified nurses in @entity1 wards.

title: Nurses' Knowledge and Education about Oral Care of Cancer XXXX Undergoing Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 after @entity2 is thought to be aggravated by intramedullary nailing (IMN) and predisposes to acute @entity4 . Polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) are the main effector cells in this process. However, in @entity0 with a femur @entity3 , the injury severity was the decisive factor for the PMN phenotype. A tibia @entity3 is often caused by a more moderate injury and might allow for a window to assess the innate immune response caused by IMN. METHODS: A consecutive series of @entity0 with a tibia @entity3 were included. The innate immune response was measured before and after IMN by plasma @entity5 , PMN @entity6 , and active FcyRII (FcyRII*) expression both before and after fMLF (N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) stimulation. Furthermore, HLA-DR on monocytes was analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-five consecutive @entity0 were included. Polymorphonuclear granulocyte fMLF-induced @entity6 and FcyRII* were decreased. In concordance, HLA-DR expression on monocytes was decreased in @entity0 compared with control subjects. Intramedullary nailing was associated with a further decrease of HLA-DR-positive monocytes, whereas no changes in PMN phenotype or plasma @entity5 levels were observed. CONCLUSION: Intramedullary nailing of a @entity3 did not affect the PMN phenotype. The impact from injury determined the PMN phenotype. In contrast, the monocyte phenotype changed after the additional insult by IMN in @entity0 with an isolated @entity3 .

title: The Impact of Intramedullary Nailing of Tibia XXXX on the Innate Immune System.

answer: @entity3