abstract: INTRODUCTION: Infection is a serious complication in vascular reconstructive surgery. When the entire graft is infected, its excision and subsequent replacement is the only option of treatment. In case of localised graft @entity1 in the groin, the vascular reconstruction can be saved using negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT). METHODS: Retrospective study design was used to evaluate the efficiency of NPWT in the treatment of infected inguinal wounds following arterial reconstructive surgery. The assessments included demographic @entity0 characteristics, causative agents, type of reconstruction and NPWT outcome. @entity5 was graded based on the Szilagyi classification. @entity0 were followed-up for 12 months after the therapy. Complete wound healing, retained graft patency, and no clinical signs or laboratory evidence of @entity1 were regarded as successful results of treatment. RESULTS: Between 2009 and 2012, 20 @entity0 with @entity1 (Szilagyi II and III) following arterial reconstructive surgery were treated by NPWT. The @entity0 group included 12 @entity0 and 8 @entity0 ; mean age was 68.1 years. Nine @entity0 underwent aorto-femoral arterial reconstructions (with vascular prosthesis in 8 cases), and surgery below the inguinal ligament was done in 11 @entity0 (with vascular prosthesis in 7 cases). Of the 20 @entity0 , early @entity1 within 30 days of surgery was recorded in 17 (85%) @entity0 ; Szilagyi grade III groin @entity1 with exposed prosthetic graft was found in 5 (25 %) @entity0 ( @entity1 : early, 4; late, 1). The causative agents isolated from the wound included @entity3 (n=8), @entity4 (n=5) and @entity2 (n=5). Mean NPWT duration was 12.7 days. Wound healing was achieved in 17 @entity0 (success rate, 85 %). @entity0 with early @entity1 showed the best outcomes (92.3%). CONCLUSION: Localised wound @entity1 in the groin after arterial surgery is a serious complication of arterial reconstruction procedures. In eligible @entity0 , such an @entity1 can be treated conservatively using NPWT. The method is most efficient in the management of @entity1 . @entity5 with @entity4 or those with suture line exposure require special treatment. Long-term follow-up is necessary due to the risk of recurrent @entity1 . KEY WORDS: negative pressure wound therapy vascular prosthesis @entity1 groin.

title: [Management of groin wound XXXX after arterial surgery using negative-pressure wound therapy].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is associated with pathological remodeling of the heart and adjacent vessels. The early biochemical and cellular changes underlying the vascular damage are not fully understood. In this study, we sought to establish the nature, extent, and initial timeline of cytochemical derangements underlying reduced ventriculo-arterial compliance in a @entity4 model of @entity2 . METHODS: Yorkshire @entity4 (n = 8 per group) were fed a @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or a high- @entity1 ( @entity5 ) for 12 weeks. Myocardial function and blood flow was assessed before harvesting the heart. Immuno-blotting and immuno-histochemical staining were used to assess the cellular changes in the myocardium, ascending aorta and left anterior descending artery (LAD). RESULTS: There was significant increase in body mass index, blood @entity3 and mean arterial pressures (p = 0.002, p = 0.001 and p = 0.024 respectively) in @entity5 group. At the cellular level there was significant increase in anti-apoptotic factors p-Akt (p = 0.007 and p = 0.002) and Bcl-xL (p = 0.05 and p = 0.01) in the @entity5 aorta and myocardium, respectively. Pro-fibrotic markers TGF-b (p = 0.01), pSmad1/5 (p = 0.03) and @entity7 (p = 0.005) were significantly increased in the @entity5 aorta. The levels of pro-apoptotic p38MAPK, @entity8 and cleaved Caspase3 were significantly increased in aorta of @entity5 (p = 0.03, p = 0.04 and p = 0.007 respectively). Similar changes in coronary arteries were not observed in either group. Functionally, the high @entity1 diet resulted in significant increase in ventricular end systolic pressure and-dp/dt (p = 0.05 and p = 0.007 respectively) in the @entity5 group. CONCLUSION: Preclinical @entity2 initiates pro-apoptosis and pro- @entity0 pathways in the heart and ascending aorta, while sparing coronary arteries at this early stage of dietary modification.

title: Early Cellular Changes in the Ascending Aorta and Myocardium in a @entity4 Model of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is associated with pathological remodeling of the heart and adjacent vessels. The early biochemical and cellular changes underlying the vascular damage are not fully understood. In this study, we sought to establish the nature, extent, and initial timeline of cytochemical derangements underlying reduced ventriculo-arterial compliance in a @entity4 model of @entity2 . METHODS: Yorkshire @entity4 (n = 8 per group) were fed a @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or a high- @entity1 ( @entity5 ) for 12 weeks. Myocardial function and blood flow was assessed before harvesting the heart. Immuno-blotting and immuno-histochemical staining were used to assess the cellular changes in the myocardium, ascending aorta and left anterior descending artery (LAD). RESULTS: There was significant increase in body mass index, blood @entity3 and mean arterial pressures (p = 0.002, p = 0.001 and p = 0.024 respectively) in @entity5 group. At the cellular level there was significant increase in anti-apoptotic factors p-Akt (p = 0.007 and p = 0.002) and Bcl-xL (p = 0.05 and p = 0.01) in the @entity5 aorta and myocardium, respectively. Pro-fibrotic markers TGF-b (p = 0.01), pSmad1/5 (p = 0.03) and @entity7 (p = 0.005) were significantly increased in the @entity5 aorta. The levels of pro-apoptotic p38MAPK, @entity8 and cleaved Caspase3 were significantly increased in aorta of @entity5 (p = 0.03, p = 0.04 and p = 0.007 respectively). Similar changes in coronary arteries were not observed in either group. Functionally, the high @entity1 diet resulted in significant increase in ventricular end systolic pressure and-dp/dt (p = 0.05 and p = 0.007 respectively) in the @entity5 group. CONCLUSION: Preclinical @entity2 initiates pro-apoptosis and pro- @entity0 pathways in the heart and ascending aorta, while sparing coronary arteries at this early stage of dietary modification.

title: Early Cellular Changes in the Ascending Aorta and Myocardium in a XXXX Model of @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The objective of the present study was to assess the short-term effects of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection for refractory non-neurogenic @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in the setting of a prospective multicenter clinical trial. Refractory @entity2 was defined as persistent urgency urinary @entity1 (UUI) >=  once a week despite taking anticholinergic agents, or the incapability to continue the agents because of the adverse effects. A total of 100 U of BTX-A were reconstituted in 15 mL of normal saline and an aliquot of 0.5 mL was injected at 30 submucosal sites of the bladder wall. Nine @entity0 and eight @entity0 aged 67    12 years were included. Subjective daytime frequency, urgency and UUI significantly decreased after treatment. On a 3-day frequency-volume chart, the daytime and night-time frequency of UUI significantly decreased from 5.5 and 0.5 pre-injection to 2.0 and 0.3 postinjection, respectively. Daytime urinary @entity1 completely disappeared in six subjects. A urodynamic study showed the disappearance of detrusor overactivity in eight @entity0 and a decrease in five @entity0 . Maximum bladder capacity significantly increased from 179.9 to 267.3 mL. Difficulty on micturition or feeling of incomplete emptying was reported by 23.5% and 43.8% of @entity0 at weeks 2 and 4, respectively. Postvoid residual urine increased to >100 mL in seven @entity0 and >200 mL in one @entity0 after injection; however, none of the @entity0 required clean intermittent catheterization. These findings suggest promising efficacy of BTX-A in Japanese @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Botulinum toxin A submucosal injection for refractory non-neurogenic XXXX : early outcomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Epiregulin (EPR) is a broad specificity EGF family member that activates @entity2 and @entity4 homodimers and all possible heterodimeric @entity2 complexes. We have previously shown that topical EPR enhances the repair of @entity1 excisional wounds. The purpose of this study was to determine whether EPR was more effective than EGF or TGFalpha in promoting in vitro wound closure and to compare the EPR induced signal transduction pathways with those activated by EGF and TGFalpha. Normal @entity0 epidermal keratinocytes or A431 cells were scratch wounded and treated for 24 h with varying doses of EPR, EGF or TGFalpha. Five-fold lower doses of EPR were significantly better than EGF or TGFalpha in stimulating in vitro wound closure. Mitomycin-c reduced EPR induced wound closure by 59%, versus a 9% and 25% decrease in EGF and TGFalpha induced closure. The @entity3 /MAPK inhibitor PD-98059 decreased EPR induced wound closure by 88%. By contrast, the PLC inhibitor U-73122, only reduced the EPR induced response by 21%. Immunoblot analysis revealed that 2 nM EPR stimulated a six-fold increase in p-ERK1/2, whereas 10 nM EGF or TGFalpha stimulated only a 3- and 2.5-fold increase in p-ERK1/2. When compared with EGF or TGFalpha, EPR is a more potent and more effective inducer of in vitro wound closure due to its ability to promote significantly greater @entity3 /MAPK activation.

title: Epiregulin is more potent than EGF or TGFalpha in promoting in vitro wound closure due to enhanced XXXX /MAPK activation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: From 1990 to 2004, the reported rates of @entity8 (three or more loose stools or a greater than normal frequency in a 24-hour period) on cruise ships decreased 2.4%, from 29.2 cases per 100,000 travel days to 28.5 cases (1,2). Increased rates of acute @entity6 ( @entity3 or @entity4 that is associated with loose stools, bloody stools, abdominal cramps, @entity0 , @entity1 , or @entity2 ) occurred in years that novel strains of norovirus, the most common etiologic agent in cruise @entity7 outbreaks, emerged (3). To determine recent rates of @entity5 on cruise ships, CDC analyzed combined data for the period 2008-2014 that were submitted by cruise ships sailing in U.S. jurisdiction (defined as passenger vessels carrying >= 13 passengers and within 15 days of arriving in the United States) (4). CDC also reviewed laboratory data to ascertain the causes of @entity5 outbreaks and examined trends over time. During the study period, the rates of @entity5 per 100,000 travel days decreased among passengers from 27.2 cases in 2008 to 22.3 in 2014. Rates for crew members remained essentially unchanged (21.3 cases in 2008 and 21.6 in 2014). However, the rate of @entity5 was significantly higher in 2012 than in 2011 or 2013 for both passengers and crew members, likely related to the emergence of a novel strain of norovirus, GII.4 Sydney (5). During 2008-2014, a total of 133 cruise @entity7 @entity5 outbreaks were reported, 95 (71%) of which had specimens available for testing. Among these, 92 (97%) were caused by norovirus, and among 80 norovirus specimens for which a genotype was identified, 59 (73.8%) were GII.4 strains. Cruise @entity7 travelers experiencing @entity3 or @entity4 should report to the @entity7 medical center promptly so that symptoms can be assessed, proper treatment provided, and control measures implemented.

title: Acute XXXX on Cruise Ships - United States, 2008-2014.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, overexpressed in most @entity0 @entity2 and implicated in mitosis regulation and preservation of cell viability. In order to investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of survivin in early-stage @entity5 ( @entity5 ), survivin mRNA levels and protein expression were evaluated, using quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in a series of 83 @entity0 with stage I (IA and IB) surgically resected @entity5 . Detectable survivin mRNA levels could be demonstrated in all non-neoplastic lung tissue samples and in the @entity2 analysed. Survivin mRNA levels were elevated in 80 @entity3 (96%) compared to normal lung (p = 0.008). Among all @entity2 , survivin transcripts were present at a higher level in @entity4 (p = 0.0022). Cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity was found in 70% and 80% of @entity2 , respectively and both were present in 54%. Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity correlated with @entity2 stage (p = 0.019). Survivin expression levels did not correlate with @entity0 survival. In one specimen, cytoplasmic and focal nuclear immunostaining was observed in @entity6 . These results document that survivin overexpression is almost always present in early-stage @entity5 , suggesting that this protein may play a role in lung tumourigenesis. This ubiquitous expression makes survivin an appealing new target for novel therapies in @entity1 . In addition, this study also documents that survivin overexpression could be exploited for diagnostic purposes and that quantitative real-time RT-PCR can be a useful tool for evaluating survivin activation in @entity5 .

title: Survivin gene expression in early-stage XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DC) are the professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, fully equipped to prime naive T cells and thus essential components for @entity1 immunotherapy. METHODS: We tested the influence of several elements (cPPT, trip, WPRE, @entity4 ) on the transduction efficiency of @entity0 DC. @entity0 and @entity2 DC were transduced with tNGFR-encoding lentiviruses to assess the effect of transduction on phenotype and function. @entity0 DC were transduced with lentiviruses encoding huIi80MAGE-A3 and @entity2 DC with huIi80tOVA to test antigen presentation. RESULTS: A @entity4 ( @entity4 ) lentiviral vector containing the trip element was most efficient in transducing @entity0 DC. The transduction of DC with trip/ @entity4 tNGFR encoding lentiviral vectors at MOI 15 resulted in stable gene expression in up to 94.6% ( @entity2 ) and 88.2% ( @entity0 ) of the mature DC, without perturbing viability, phenotype and function. @entity0 huIi80MAGE-A3-transduced DC were able to stimulate @entity3 -specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell clones and could prime both @entity3 -specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in vitro. @entity2 huIi80tOVA-transduced DC were able to present OVA peptides in the context of MHC class I and class II in vitro and induced a strong OVA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in vivo, that was protective against subsequent challenge with OVA-expressing @entity1 cells. CONCLUSIONS: We show that, using lentiviral vectors, efficient gene transfer in @entity0 and @entity2 DC can be obtained and that these DC can elicit antigen-specific immune responses in vitro and in vivo. The composition of the transfer vector has a major impact on the transduction efficiency.

title: Lentivirally transduced dendritic cells as a tool for XXXX immunotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Risk factors for the development of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have been well-researched. Comparatively little is known, however, about factors associated with the persistence of @entity3 over time. This research explored whether the temporal sequencing of comorbid @entity2 in relation to the onset of the index @entity5 episode were associated with the length of this episode. Four comprehensive diagnostic assessments were conducted between ages 16 and 30 with a large and regionally representative community sample (n = 816), among which 173 @entity0 were diagnosed with a lifetime @entity5 . In separate unadjusted analyses, any internalizing disorder and any @entity4 with onset prior to that of the index @entity5 episode were each significantly and negatively associated with @entity5 duration. These effects, however, were reduced to trend level in adjusted analyses that controlled for putative confounders. Following the onset of the index @entity5 episode, the subsequent occurrence of any @entity1 , internalizing @entity1 , or other substance use disorder during the index @entity5 episode was significantly and positively associated with the duration of that episode in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. These findings collectively suggest that the presence of internalizing-spectrum disorders prior to the onset of the index @entity5 episode affords some modest protection against protracted episodes, whereas the emergence of broad-spectrum psychopathology within the index @entity5 episode, most notably noncannabis substance use disorders, is associated with @entity1 persistence. The relevance of these findings for various motivational models of @entity3 is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Association of Comorbid Psychopathology With the Duration of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 shows a great diversity in its clinical behavior which cannot be easily predicted using the currently available clinical or pathological markers. The identification of pathways associated with lymph node @entity1 (N+) and recurrent @entity3 ( @entity3 ) may increase our understanding of the complex biology of this disease. METHODS: Tumor samples were obtained from untreated @entity3 @entity0 undergoing surgery. @entity0 were classified according to pathologic lymph node status (positive or negative) or @entity2 recurrence (recurrent or non-recurrent @entity2 ) after treatment (surgery with neck dissection followed by radiotherapy). Using microarray gene expression, we screened @entity2 samples according to modules comprised by genes in the same pathway or functional category. RESULTS: The most frequent alterations were the repression of modules in negative lymph node (N0) and in non-recurrent @entity2 rather than induction of modules in N+ or in recurrent @entity2 . N0 @entity2 showed repression of modules that contain cell survival genes and in non-recurrent @entity2 cell-cell signaling and extracellular region modules were repressed. CONCLUSIONS: The repression of modules that contain cell survival genes in N0 @entity2 reinforces the important role that apoptosis plays in the regulation of @entity1 . In addition, because @entity2 samples used here were not microdissected, @entity2 gene expression data are represented together with the stroma, which may reveal signaling between the microenvironment and @entity2 cells. For instance, in non-recurrent @entity2 , extracellular region module was repressed, indicating that the stroma and @entity2 cells may have fewer interactions, which disable @entity1 development. Finally, the genes highlighted in our analysis can be implicated in more than one pathway or characteristic, suggesting that therapeutic approaches to prevent @entity2 progression should target more than one gene or pathway, specially apoptosis and interactions between @entity2 cells and the stroma.

title: Functional microarray analysis suggests repressed cell-cell signaling and cell survival-related modules inhibit progression of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Traditionally @entity2 ( @entity2 ) stage N2 is considered as a contraindication for curative resection. We investigated the outcome of @entity0 with microscopic N2 disease, who underwent potentially curative resections. The independent effects of lobectomy vs. pneumonectomy, histology subtype, body mass index (BMI), sex, and PET-scanning were investigated. An N2 survival risk score was calculated and correlated with survival. Benchmarking revealed no discrepancies in our stage-specific survival data against the seventh edition of the International Association for the Study of @entity1 (IASLC) results. Of 1999 lung resections for primary @entity1 , 146 were pathologically staged as N2. @entity0 with resected microscopic N2 disease had a five-year survival equivalent to stage T3N1, P=0.39. Univariate analysis suggested pneumonectomy and T stage 3 as significant predictors of poor survival. Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, BMI>30  kg/m(2), pneumonectomy, squamous type and positron emission tomography (PET)-scan all had a significant effect on survival, P<0.05. A low N2 survival risk score was associated with increased survival, P=0.001. Resecting microscopic N2 disease in @entity2 may be appropriate in some @entity0 . An N2 survival scoring system may help select @entity0 for surgery, and help evaluate adjuvant and neoadjuvant publications with regard to microscopic N2 disease.

title: Should we operate on microscopic N2 XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficiencies of T cell based immunotherapies are affected by insufficient migration and activation of @entity1 specific effector T cells in the @entity1 . Accumulating evidence exists on the ability of ionizing radiation to modify the @entity1 microenvironment and generate @entity2 . The aim of this phase I/II clinical trial is to evaluate whether low dose single fraction radiotherapy can improve T cell associated antitumor immune response in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS/DESIGN: This trial has been designed as an investigator initiated; prospective randomised, 4-armed, controlled Phase I/II trial. @entity0 who are candidates for resection of @entity4 will be randomized into 4 arms. A total of 40 @entity0 will be enrolled. The @entity0 receive 0 Gy, 0.5 Gy, 2 Gy or 5 Gy radiation precisely targeted to their @entity5 . Radiation will be delivered by external beam radiotherapy using a 6 MV Linac with IMRT technique 48 h prior to the surgical resection. The primary objective is the determination of an active local external beam radiation dose, leading to @entity1 infiltrating T cells as a surrogate parameter for antitumor activity. Secondary objectives include @entity1 control and recurrence patterns, survival, radiogenic treatment @entity3 and postoperative morbidity and mortality, as well as quality of life. Further, frequencies of @entity1 reactive T cells in blood and bone marrow as well as whole blood cell transcriptomics and plasma-proteomics will be correlated with clinical outcome. An interim analysis will be performed after the enrollment of 20 @entity0 for safety reasons. The evaluation of the primary endpoint will start four weeks after the last @entity0 's enrollment. DISCUSSION: This trial will answer the question whether a low dose radiotherapy localized to the @entity4 only can increase the number of @entity1 infiltrating T cells and thus potentially enhance the antitumor immune response. The study will also investigate the prognostic and predictive value of radiation-induced T cell activity along with transcriptomic and proteomic data with respect to clinical outcome.

title: Randomized controlled phase I/II study to investigate immune stimulatory effects by low dose radiotherapy in primarily operable XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have investigated criteria for classifying @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) into treatment-based subgroups. A comprehensive algorithm was created to translate these criteria into a clinical decision-making guide. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the translation of the individual subgroup criteria into a comprehensive algorithm by studying the prevalence of @entity0 meeting the criteria for each treatment subgroup and the reliability of the classification. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional, observational study. METHODS: Two hundred fifty @entity0 with acute or subacute @entity1 were recruited from the United States and Australia to participate in the study. Trained physical therapists performed standardized assessments on all @entity0 . The researchers used these findings to classify @entity0 into subgroups. Thirty-one @entity0 were reassessed to determine interrater reliability of the algorithm decision. RESULTS: Based on individual subgroup criteria, 25.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]=19.8%-30.6%) of the @entity0 did not meet the criteria for any subgroup, 49.6% (95% CI=43.4%-55.8%) of the @entity0 met the criteria for only one subgroup, and 25.2% (95% CI=19.8%-30.6%) of the @entity0 met the criteria for more than one subgroup. The most common combination of subgroups was manipulation + specific exercise (68.4% of the @entity0 who met the criteria for 2 subgroups). Reliability of the algorithm decision was moderate (kappa=0.52, 95% CI=0.27-0.77, percentage of agreement=67%). LIMITATIONS: Due to a relatively small @entity0 sample, reliability estimates are somewhat imprecise. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide important clinical data to guide future research and revisions to the algorithm. The finding that 25% of the @entity0 met the criteria for more than one subgroup has important implications for the sequencing of treatments in the algorithm. Likewise, the finding that 25% of the @entity0 did not meet the criteria for any subgroup provides important information regarding potential revisions to the algorithm's bottom table (which guides unclear classifications). Reliability of the algorithm is sufficient for clinical use.

title: Evaluation of a treatment-based classification algorithm for XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 born very low birth weight (VLBW) are at risk for low health-related quality of life (HRQoL), compared with normal-birth-weight peers, and racial disparities may compound the difference. @entity2 is the most pervasive health problem among VLBW @entity0 and is also more common among black than white @entity0 , partly due to unfavourable environmental exposures. This study explores racial disparities in HRQoL among VLBW @entity0 and examines whether potential disparities can be explained by @entity2 . METHODS: The study population was the Newborn Lung Project, a cohort of @entity0 (n=660) born VLBW in 2003-2004 in Wisconsin, USA, who were followed up at age 2-3. Multilevel linear regression models were used to examine the contributions of @entity2 , neighbourhood disadvantage, and other @entity0 and family socio-demographic covariates, to racial disparities in HRQoL at age 2-3. A @entity0 's HRQoL was measured using the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0. RESULTS: VLBW, black, non-Hispanic @entity0 , on average, score nearly 4 points lower (p<0.01) on HRQoL than do white, non-Hispanic @entity0 . Including @entity2 reduces the difference between black and white @entity0 from -3.6 (p<0.01) to 0.08 (p>0.05). The authors found no evidence that the relationship between @entity2 and HRQoL differs by race. The interaction between neighbourhood disadvantage and @entity2 is statistically significant, with further examination suggesting that racial disparities are particularly pronounced in the most advantaged neighbourhoods. CONCLUSION: The authors found that the @entity1 in HRQoL among 2-3-year-old VLBW @entity0 likely stems from a high prevalence of @entity2 . Neighbourhood attributes did not further explain the disparity, as the racial difference was particularly pronounced in advantaged neighbourhoods.

title: Racial disparities in health-related quality of life in a cohort of very-low-birth-weight 2- and 3-year-olds with and without XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this research was the estimation of the dynamic sequential CT scanning (d-CT) method of the cirrhotic liver. The examined group consisted of 23 @entity0 (8 @entity0 and 15 @entity0 , average age--57) histopathologically diagnosed as the cirrhotic liver. Dynamic CT scanning was performed 30-40 seconds after contrast material injection administered with an automatic syringe in the amount of 125 ml at flow time 2-3 ml/s. After the administration of contrast material the measurements of the hepatic parenchyma density were taken both in the left and right lobes. Time-density curves of the liver, spleen and portal vein were drawn for each @entity0 . The curves of the liver and spleen of cirrhotic liver @entity0 were not different from the curves obtained due to examining @entity0 with no medical problems. The time of peak enhancement of the liver and spleen of cirrhotic liver @entity0 was delayed compared with control group. Time-density curves of the liver and spleen were considerably flattened of peak and were slow and longer in washout phase. Moreover, the time of peak enhancement of the portal vein curves was longer and the curves were flattened. Three cirrhotic liver @entity0 had focal @entity1 . The patterns of the time-density curves of the liver in dynamic CT scanning may contain diagnostic information useful for prophylactic monitoring of the @entity1 , which develops in @entity2 .

title: Dynamic CT of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The experiment was conducted upon 200 male @entity0 of @entity0 breed, weight 250-350 g, according to Heinkel and Aho's method. Four groups of @entity0 were separated: Z--healthy (20), K1--control (60), K2--control (60), D--experimental (60). After 6, 12, 24, 48 hours since the acute @entity2 was induced, the @entity0 were anesthetized again (15 after each period), thoracotomy was performed and the blood from the left chamber was taken. Then after it turned into a clot, it was centrifuged for 20 minutes at 2000 rot./min. The blood serum obtained was then frozen in -25 degrees C until it was analyzed. The whole heart and right lung were taken out from the chest. The peritoneal cavity was re-opened and the pancreas, liver and left kidney were taken out. The method of the spectrophotometry of atom absorption was applied to mark the concentration of the chosen elements in the collected material. The SP 192 Pye Unicam spectrophotometer was used. The collected data were then statistically analyzed in order to define the arithmetic average and the standard deviation in the control group as well as in the examined groups. The statistic significance was defined by the application of the t-Student test and C. Cochren-Cox's test; accepting the value p < 0.05 for which the differences were taken as statistically significant. When marking @entity1 concentrations in the course of acute @entity2 , the shift of this element in tissues was observed. The fall of @entity1 in blood serum, pancreas, kidneys, heart and lung was observed. The @entity1 increase was present in the liver only. Statistically significant differences were observed in the pancreas and liver in D and K2 groups, and in blood serum and kidneys in D group at 6th and 12th hour of the experiment. Differences observed in the heart muscle and lungs were not statistically significant.

title: Shift of XXXX in serum and tissues in course of experimental acute @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The experiment was conducted upon 200 male @entity0 of @entity0 breed, weight 250-350 g, according to Heinkel and Aho's method. Four groups of @entity0 were separated: Z--healthy (20), K1--control (60), K2--control (60), D--experimental (60). After 6, 12, 24, 48 hours since the acute @entity2 was induced, the @entity0 were anesthetized again (15 after each period), thoracotomy was performed and the blood from the left chamber was taken. Then after it turned into a clot, it was centrifuged for 20 minutes at 2000 rot./min. The blood serum obtained was then frozen in -25 degrees C until it was analyzed. The whole heart and right lung were taken out from the chest. The peritoneal cavity was re-opened and the pancreas, liver and left kidney were taken out. The method of the spectrophotometry of atom absorption was applied to mark the concentration of the chosen elements in the collected material. The SP 192 Pye Unicam spectrophotometer was used. The collected data were then statistically analyzed in order to define the arithmetic average and the standard deviation in the control group as well as in the examined groups. The statistic significance was defined by the application of the t-Student test and C. Cochren-Cox's test; accepting the value p < 0.05 for which the differences were taken as statistically significant. When marking @entity1 concentrations in the course of acute @entity2 , the shift of this element in tissues was observed. The fall of @entity1 in blood serum, pancreas, kidneys, heart and lung was observed. The @entity1 increase was present in the liver only. Statistically significant differences were observed in the pancreas and liver in D and K2 groups, and in blood serum and kidneys in D group at 6th and 12th hour of the experiment. Differences observed in the heart muscle and lungs were not statistically significant.

title: Shift of @entity1 in serum and tissues in course of experimental acute XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the image quality and degree of vessel narrowing at flow-sensitive dephasing (FSD) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of the hands with those at contrast material-enhanced MR angiography of the hands in @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a single-center study with institutional review board approval and HIPAA compliance, six healthy volunteers and six @entity0 with @entity2 were imaged at 1.5-T nonenhanced FSD MR angiography followed by contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Sixteen vascular segments in four vessel groups were evaluated for image quality and assessed semiquantitatively for @entity3 degree by using Likert scales. The nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to perform pairwise comparisons of the MR angiographic techniques. P < .05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: Performing FSD MR angiography, as compared with time-resolved MR angiography and high-spatial-resolution MR angiography, improved the image quality for all arterial segments combined in the control (mean score, 2.9 [FSD] vs 3.7 [time-resolved technique] and 3.1 [high-spatial-resolution technique]) and @entity0 (mean score, 4.0 [FSD] vs 4.2 [time-resolved technique] and 4.3 [high-spatial-resolution technique]) groups. In the control subjects, FSD angiography depicted @entity4 that was less severe (mean grade, 0.7) than that seen with the time-resolved (mean grade, 1.6) and high-spatial-resolution (mean grade, 1.0) techniques. In the @entity0 group, FSD angiography depicted lower degrees of @entity3 , with a lower mean grade for all segments combined (1.3) compared with the corresponding mean grades for time-resolved (1.5) and high-spatial-resolution (1.8) MR angiography. CONCLUSION: Preliminary data indicate that the proposed nonenhanced FSD MR angiographic technique is an improvement over existing contrast-enhanced techniques for evaluation of the hand vasculature in @entity1 of the hand. Further technical improvements and a systematic clinical study are warranted.

title: Nonenhanced MR angiography of the hand with flow-sensitive dephasing-prepared balanced SSFP sequence: initial experience with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and color Doppler ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of abruption, to assess the accuracy of the different MR imaging sequences in the visualization of clots, and to evaluate the correlation between MR imaging findings and clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study protocol was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from all @entity0 . Between March 2008 and June 2010, 60 consecutive @entity0 (mean gestational age, 30.7 weeks [range, 27-38 weeks]; mean age, 29 years [range, 20-38 years]) who were referred for US and MR imaging owing to a putative diagnosis of abruption were assessed. Multiplanar half-Fourier rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement, true fast imaging with steady-state precession, three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient-echo MR imaging, and sagittal diffusion-weighted MR imaging were performed. Two radiologists independently reviewed each case, resolving by consensus any diagnostic discrepancy. During a second imaging analysis, the same readers randomly and independently assessed the single sequences. The signal intensity of @entity1 was correlated with clinical outcome. The reference standard for abruption was the presence of clots and/or fibrin at inspection of the placenta after delivery. The diagnostic efficacy of US and MR imaging was calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Interobserver agreement was assessed by using the Cohen k test. RESULTS: The performance of US and MR imaging was calculated in 39 @entity0 who gave birth less than 10 days after MR imaging; these @entity0 were considered to have an adequate reference standard. Abruption was found at delivery in 19 @entity0 . Abruption was identified in 10 of the 19 @entity0 (52%) with US and in all 19 (100%) with MR imaging (P = .002), with an interobserver agreement of 0.949. Diffusion- and T1-weighted sequences helped identify 19 (100%) and 18 (95%) of the 19 abruptions, respectively; interrater agreement was very good for all sequences (k = 0.892-1.0). @entity1 classified as hyperacute or acute worsened to abruption grade II, with the mother being symptomatic or the fetus distressed. CONCLUSION: MR imaging can accurately depict @entity2 , with excellent interobserver agreement, and should be considered after negative US findings in the presence of late pregnancy bleeding if the diagnosis of abruption would change management.

title: MR imaging in the evaluation of XXXX : correlation with sonographic findings.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The presence of @entity3 in the uterus is a relevant factor in @entity2 cases. @entity3 may reduce contractility of the uterus, hinder migration of sperm and vascular changes within @entity3 themselves interfere with embryo implantation. The paper presents the case of a @entity0 with over 10-year-history of @entity2 treatment diagnosed with @entity3 of the uterus. The medical records revealed that the @entity0 had undergone laparoscopy and laparotomy due to the left @entity1 and had been subjected to hysteroscopic removal of the uterine partition twice. The @entity0 took part in the IVF programme twice--without success. At our Department the @entity0 underwent laparoscopic myomectomy during which 5 @entity3 were removed: 4 subserous ones, 1.5-2 cm in diameter and an intramural one, 6 cm in diameter. The sites of the biggest @entity3 were laparoscopically sewn putting in 3 single sutures. In her next cycle the @entity0 spontaneously conceited. The pregnancy was without serious complications and at 38 weeks was terminated by Caesarian section. The @entity0 was delivered in good general condition (10 Apgar points) and weighted 3,360 g. On Caesarian section no uterine dehiscence following laparoscopic myomectomy was observed.

title: Fertility following laparoscopic uterine myomectomy in an XXXX @entity0 treated for 10 years. Case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The presence of @entity3 in the uterus is a relevant factor in @entity2 cases. @entity3 may reduce contractility of the uterus, hinder migration of sperm and vascular changes within @entity3 themselves interfere with embryo implantation. The paper presents the case of a @entity0 with over 10-year-history of @entity2 treatment diagnosed with @entity3 of the uterus. The medical records revealed that the @entity0 had undergone laparoscopy and laparotomy due to the left @entity1 and had been subjected to hysteroscopic removal of the uterine partition twice. The @entity0 took part in the IVF programme twice--without success. At our Department the @entity0 underwent laparoscopic myomectomy during which 5 @entity3 were removed: 4 subserous ones, 1.5-2 cm in diameter and an intramural one, 6 cm in diameter. The sites of the biggest @entity3 were laparoscopically sewn putting in 3 single sutures. In her next cycle the @entity0 spontaneously conceited. The pregnancy was without serious complications and at 38 weeks was terminated by Caesarian section. The @entity0 was delivered in good general condition (10 Apgar points) and weighted 3,360 g. On Caesarian section no uterine dehiscence following laparoscopic myomectomy was observed.

title: Fertility following laparoscopic uterine myomectomy in an @entity2 XXXX treated for 10 years. Case report.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the ovarian and uterine structure demonstrated sonographically with baseline and @entity1 -stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) and @entity0 values in females with suspected precocious puberty. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. Fifty females (age 3.1 to 9.5 years) underwent stimulation testing with @entity1 (20  g/kg) and pelvic ultrasonography. Subjects were grouped as (1) prepubertal (baseline and stimulated LH and @entity0 in prepubertal range); (2) early pubertal (baseline LH and @entity0 in prepubertal range but stimulated LH or @entity0 in pubertal range); and (3) pubertal (baseline and stimulated LH or @entity0 in pubertal range). Sonographic data were compared with baseline and @entity1 -stimulated LH and @entity0 . RESULTS: Baseline and stimulated LH and stimulated @entity0 significantly correlated with ovarian and uterine volumes. Ovarian and uterine volumes were significantly higher in females in the pubertal group than in females in the prepubertal group. No significant differences were noted in the ovarian or uterine dimensions between the prepubertal and early pubertal groups. There was significant overlap in ovarian and uterine volumes among females in all three groups. CONCLUSION: Contrary to @entity1 stimulation, pelvic ultrasonography alone cannot distinguish between prepubertal females and those in the early stages of puberty.

title: Pelvic ultrasonography in the evaluation of central precocious puberty: comparison with XXXX stimulation test.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 transcription factor is a key component of the core module @entity9 -JAZ- @entity6 of jasmonate signaling in @entity0 , but the MYC transcription factor (s) associated with @entity4 signaling in jasmonate-responsive laticifer cells remains to be identified. Two full-length cDNAs, designated HblMYC1 and HblMYC2, were isolated from laticifer cells in @entity7 by the method of RACE. HblMYC1 contained 1431bp ORF encoding a putative protein of 476 @entity1 while HblMYC2 contained 1428bp ORF encoding a putative protein of 475 @entity1 . Bioinformatic analysis showed that the putative proteins, HblMYC1 and HblMYC2, possessed a bHLH domain and were most related to the @entity6 among the selected 27 MYC members with identified functions in @entity0 . In addition to the presence of cis-regulatory elements involving jasmonate responsiveness in the promoter regions of HblMYC1 and HblMYC2, the @entity2 -, @entity3 - and gibberellin-responsive elements were found in the promoter region of HblMYC1. Transcripts of HblMYC1 and HblMYC2 were most abundant in latex, relatively low in male flowers and nearly undetected in bark tissues and roots by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Regular tapping, mechanical wounding, and @entity5 remarkably up-regulated HblMYC1 expression, but had little effect on the expression of HblMYC2 in laticifer cells. Successive tapping, however, significantly down-regulated the expression of HblMYC2 while up-regulating the expression of HblMYC1. The HblMYC2 expression took a mutual ebb and flow relationship with the HblMYC1 expression upon treatment with @entity8 . Characterization of HblMYC1 and HblMYC2 will contribute to the understanding of jasmonate signaling in laticifiers, a kind of specialized tissue for natural rubber biosynthesis in @entity7 .

title: MYC genes with differential responses to tapping, mechanical wounding, ethrel and XXXX in laticifers of rubber tree ( @entity7 Muell. Arg.).

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity6 transcription factor is a key component of the core module @entity9 -JAZ- @entity6 of jasmonate signaling in @entity0 , but the MYC transcription factor (s) associated with @entity4 signaling in jasmonate-responsive laticifer cells remains to be identified. Two full-length cDNAs, designated HblMYC1 and HblMYC2, were isolated from laticifer cells in @entity7 by the method of RACE. HblMYC1 contained 1431bp ORF encoding a putative protein of 476 @entity1 while HblMYC2 contained 1428bp ORF encoding a putative protein of 475 @entity1 . Bioinformatic analysis showed that the putative proteins, HblMYC1 and HblMYC2, possessed a bHLH domain and were most related to the @entity6 among the selected 27 MYC members with identified functions in @entity0 . In addition to the presence of cis-regulatory elements involving jasmonate responsiveness in the promoter regions of HblMYC1 and HblMYC2, the @entity2 -, @entity3 - and gibberellin-responsive elements were found in the promoter region of HblMYC1. Transcripts of HblMYC1 and HblMYC2 were most abundant in latex, relatively low in male flowers and nearly undetected in bark tissues and roots by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Regular tapping, mechanical wounding, and @entity5 remarkably up-regulated HblMYC1 expression, but had little effect on the expression of HblMYC2 in laticifer cells. Successive tapping, however, significantly down-regulated the expression of HblMYC2 while up-regulating the expression of HblMYC1. The HblMYC2 expression took a mutual ebb and flow relationship with the HblMYC1 expression upon treatment with @entity8 . Characterization of HblMYC1 and HblMYC2 will contribute to the understanding of jasmonate signaling in laticifiers, a kind of specialized tissue for natural rubber biosynthesis in @entity7 .

title: MYC genes with differential responses to tapping, mechanical wounding, ethrel and @entity8 in laticifers of rubber tree ( XXXX Muell. Arg.).

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: A characteristic @entity1 related to the use of cytostatic chemotherapeutic drugs has been described in the literature. This condition appears to be characterized by an @entity1 , primarily affecting the intertriginous areas bilaterally, together with @entity3 as the main histologic feature. OBJECTIVE: We sought to establish the epidemiologic, clinical, and histologic characteristics of this poorly defined chemotherapy drug-related @entity1 . METHODS: Retrospective data were collected from 21 consecutive @entity0 with this clinical and histopathologic pattern who attended an oncology center between January 1999 and September 2009. Two skin biopsy specimens were obtained from all @entity0 , with the first being taken within 24 hours of onset, and the second 72 to 96 hours after onset. RESULTS: The @entity0 analyzed were predominantly female (72%), with a mean age of 52 years (range 10-69 years). The lesions presented clinically as bilateral erythematous plaques affecting both axillae (95%), groin (88%), and side aspects of the neck (48%). The main histologic feature in all cases was @entity3 , characterized by the transformation of the eccrine cuboidal epithelium into two or more layers of squamous cells with intercellular bridges. The onset of the @entity1 appeared within 30 days (range 2-30 days) after the initiation of the cytostatic agent infusion. The lesions resolved with desquamation and @entity5 . The same cutaneous pattern recurred in up to 50% of @entity0 in whom the oncologist reintroduced the cytostatic treatment. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size was a limitation. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest the term "chemotherapy-related bilateral @entity4 associated with @entity3 " to describe this distinctive entity, which is primarily associated with pegylated liposomal @entity2 infusions and chemotherapeutic regimens used in autologous bone-marrow transplantation.

title: Chemotherapy-related bilateral XXXX associated with @entity3 : reappraisal of epidemiological, clinical, and pathological features.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: A characteristic @entity1 related to the use of cytostatic chemotherapeutic drugs has been described in the literature. This condition appears to be characterized by an @entity1 , primarily affecting the intertriginous areas bilaterally, together with @entity3 as the main histologic feature. OBJECTIVE: We sought to establish the epidemiologic, clinical, and histologic characteristics of this poorly defined chemotherapy drug-related @entity1 . METHODS: Retrospective data were collected from 21 consecutive @entity0 with this clinical and histopathologic pattern who attended an oncology center between January 1999 and September 2009. Two skin biopsy specimens were obtained from all @entity0 , with the first being taken within 24 hours of onset, and the second 72 to 96 hours after onset. RESULTS: The @entity0 analyzed were predominantly female (72%), with a mean age of 52 years (range 10-69 years). The lesions presented clinically as bilateral erythematous plaques affecting both axillae (95%), groin (88%), and side aspects of the neck (48%). The main histologic feature in all cases was @entity3 , characterized by the transformation of the eccrine cuboidal epithelium into two or more layers of squamous cells with intercellular bridges. The onset of the @entity1 appeared within 30 days (range 2-30 days) after the initiation of the cytostatic agent infusion. The lesions resolved with desquamation and @entity5 . The same cutaneous pattern recurred in up to 50% of @entity0 in whom the oncologist reintroduced the cytostatic treatment. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size was a limitation. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest the term "chemotherapy-related bilateral @entity4 associated with @entity3 " to describe this distinctive entity, which is primarily associated with pegylated liposomal @entity2 infusions and chemotherapeutic regimens used in autologous bone-marrow transplantation.

title: Chemotherapy-related bilateral @entity4 associated with XXXX : reappraisal of epidemiological, clinical, and pathological features.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Self-immolation remains a significant contemporary problem. Its epidemiology and causes, and the intervention strategies these suggest vary significantly between higher- and lower-income countries. We summarize what is known about suicide by self-immolation in terms of its demographic and @entity1 risk factors, causes, local patterns and means employed, and points of possible intervention. METHODS: We reviewed the literature for all published papers on self-immolation between 1973 and 2010. Epidemiologic and @entity1 risk factors and aspects of method, locale and timing of self-immolation were compared between higher- and lower-income countries. RESULTS: In higher-income countries self-immolation tends to be rare and the majority of self-immolation @entity0 are male. In lower-income countries, the incidence of self-immolation is much higher, and the majority of @entity0 are female. Self-immolation was more frequently associated with a history of @entity3 or @entity2 history in higher-income countries than in lower-income countries. CONCLUSION: Reports in the literature of self-immolation divide most informatively into two groups according to the higher- or lower-income of the societies affected. This classification is not arbitrary, as it correlates with other measures of development, and the epidemiologic patterns revealed show distinct differences, suggesting differing causes and intervention strategies. Analytical studies are needed to distinguish associations from underlying causes and identify efficient points of intervention.

title: Self-immolation: socioeconomic, cultural and XXXX patterns.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate how the Intensive Medicines Monitoring Programme (IMMP) can be used to monitor adverse events associated with an intrauterine device, using the @entity1 -releasing intrauterine device (Mirena) as an example. METHODS: A long-term prospective observational cohort study using Prescription Event Monitoring (PEM) is currently being undertaken in @entity0 using Mirena in New Zealand. This report describes the method used and reports the early results for those @entity0 who used the device between March 1998 and March 2001. Adverse events were recorded by inserting doctors and general practitioners on registration forms and systematic follow-up questionnaires. RESULTS: Between March 1998 and March 2001, the IMMP received 3519 registration forms for insertions in 3452 @entity0 . 'Difficult insertion' was the most frequently reported event (3.6% of all insertions). Approximately, 2% of the Mirena insertions were carried out under GA and there were three uterine perforations (0.9 per 1000 insertions) in the total cohort. To date, follow-up questionnaires have been processed for 495 @entity0 . The response rate for these was 83%. CONCLUSION: As adapted in the IMMP, @entity2 is an effective tool for the early post-marketing surveillance of an intrauterine device in real life clinical practice.

title: Use of the New Zealand Intensive Medicines Monitoring Programme to study the XXXX -releasing intrauterine device (Mirena).

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Prolonged delivery times during daily cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) introduce concerns regarding intrafraction variation ( @entity2 ) of the mean target position (MTP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of the @entity2 -MTP and to assess target margins required to compensate for @entity2 and postonline CBCT correction residuals. @entity0 , treatment, and @entity1 characteristics were analyzed with respect to their impact on @entity2 -MTP. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 126 @entity0 with 140 @entity1 underwent 659 fractions of lung SBRT. Dose prescribed was 48 or 60 Gy in 12 Gy fractions. Translational target position correction of the MTP was performed via onboard CBCT. @entity2 -MTP was measured as the difference in MTP between the postcorrection CBCT and the posttreatment CBCT excluding residual error. RESULTS: @entity2 -MTP was 0.2    1.8 mm, 0.1    1.9 mm, and 0.01    1.5 mm in the craniocaudal, anteroposterior, and mediolateral dimensions and the @entity2 -MTP vector was 2.3    2.1 mm. Treatment time and excursion were found to be significant predictors of @entity2 -MTP. An @entity2 -MTP vector greater than 2 and 5 mm was seen in 40.8% and 7.2% of fractions, respectively. @entity2 -MTP greater than 2 mm was seen in heavier @entity0 with larger excursions and longer treatment times. Significant differences in @entity2 -MTP were seen between immobilization devices. The stereotactic frame immobilization device was found to be significantly less likely to have an @entity2 -MTP vector greater than 2 mm compared with the alpha cradle, BodyFIX, and hybrid immobilization devices. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment time and respiratory excursion are significantly associated with @entity2 -MTP. Significant differences in @entity2 -MTP were found between immobilization devices. Target margins for @entity2 -MTP plus post-correction residuals are dependent on immobilization device with 5-mm uniform margins being acceptable for the frame immobilization device.

title: Intrafraction variation of mean XXXX position during image-guided hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung cancer.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study is to analyse survival and prognostic factors in @entity0 diagnosed with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) presenting a first episode of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Retrospectively, the authors reviewed data from 220 @entity0 with biopsy proven @entity3 who presented a first episode of @entity2 . They were treated in a single centre between 1995 and 2007. The survival analyses were done using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox analysis. The primary endpoint was the overall survival from the date of hypercalcaemia episode. Median age was 55 years. Median survival was 64 days (1-197). Three independent prognostic factors were identified: brain @entity1 (hazard ratio (HR)=2.58 CI (1.03-6.45)), corrected calcaemia>3 mmol/l (HR=1.45 CI (1.05-2.01)) and hypoalbuminaemia (HR=1.48 CI (1.07-2.04)). Using these factors, the authors performed a bedside prognostic score. In conclusion, median survival in @entity0 diagnosed with @entity3 and @entity2 is extremely poor. The bedside prognostic score that the authors developed can help to anticipate @entity0 ' prognosis and adapt the treatment. This score needs to be validated on an independent cohort.

title: @entity2 -associated hypercalcaemia in XXXX : a survival and prognostic factor analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study is to analyse survival and prognostic factors in @entity0 diagnosed with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) presenting a first episode of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Retrospectively, the authors reviewed data from 220 @entity0 with biopsy proven @entity3 who presented a first episode of @entity2 . They were treated in a single centre between 1995 and 2007. The survival analyses were done using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox analysis. The primary endpoint was the overall survival from the date of hypercalcaemia episode. Median age was 55 years. Median survival was 64 days (1-197). Three independent prognostic factors were identified: brain @entity1 (hazard ratio (HR)=2.58 CI (1.03-6.45)), corrected calcaemia>3 mmol/l (HR=1.45 CI (1.05-2.01)) and hypoalbuminaemia (HR=1.48 CI (1.07-2.04)). Using these factors, the authors performed a bedside prognostic score. In conclusion, median survival in @entity0 diagnosed with @entity3 and @entity2 is extremely poor. The bedside prognostic score that the authors developed can help to anticipate @entity0 ' prognosis and adapt the treatment. This score needs to be validated on an independent cohort.

title: XXXX -associated hypercalcaemia in @entity3 : a survival and prognostic factor analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aberrant electrophysiological and hemodynamic processing of auditory oddball stimuli is among the most robustly documented findings in @entity0 with @entity1 . However, no study to date has directly examined linked patterns of electrical and hemodynamic differences in @entity0 and controls. METHODS: In a recent paper we demonstrated a data-driven approach, joint independent component analysis (jICA) to fuse together functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potential (ERP) data and elucidated the chronometry of auditory oddball target detection in healthy control subjects. In this paper we extend our fusion method to identify specific differences in the neuronal chronometry of target detection for chronic @entity1 @entity0 compared to healthy controls. RESULTS: We found one linked source, consistent with the N2 response, known to be related to cognitive processing of deviant stimuli, spatially localized to bilateral fronto-temporal regions. This source showed significant between-group differences both in amplitude response and in the fMRI/ERP distribution pattern. These findings are consistent with previous work showing N2 amplitude and @entity4 in @entity1 , and provide new information about the linkage between the two. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we use a novel approach to isolate and identify a linked fMRI/ERP component which shows marked differences in chronic @entity1 @entity0 . We also demonstrate that jointly using both fMRI and ERP measures provides a fully picture of the underlying hemodynamic and electrical changes which are present in @entity0 . Our approach also has broad applicability to other diseases such as @entity5 , @entity3 , or @entity2 .

title: Aberrant Processing of Deviant Stimuli in XXXX Revealed by Fusion of FMRI and EEG Data.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel @entity4 (H1N1) pandemic was associated with an epidemic of @entity7 . METHODS: We describe the clinical profiles of critically ill @entity0 with severe complications due to microbiologically confirmed pandemic @entity1 admitted to a medical ICU in Monza, Italy, over a 6-month period. RESULTS: From August 2009 to January 2010, 19 @entity0 (13 adults and 6 @entity0 ) required ICU admission. Nine subjects were referred to our hospital from other ICUs. In all @entity0 , with the exception of a case of severe @entity2 , the cause of ICU admission was @entity6 . Other @entity5 were common. A trial of non-invasive ventilation was attempted in 13 cases and was successful in four of them. The majority of the @entity0 required invasive mechanical ventilation. In the 7 most severely hypoxemic @entity0 , we applied veno-venous ECLS, with a very high rate of success. The median ICU stay was 9 days (range 1-78 days). Sixteen out of 19 (84%) @entity0 survived. CONCLUSION: In the majority of our @entity0 , @entity7 caused by pandemic @entity4 (H1N1) was associated with severe @entity3 , @entity5 , requirement for mechanical ventilation and frequent use of rescue therapies and ECLS support.

title: Management of acute XXXX from @entity1 : experience of a tertiary-level Intensive Care Unit.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel @entity4 (H1N1) pandemic was associated with an epidemic of @entity7 . METHODS: We describe the clinical profiles of critically ill @entity0 with severe complications due to microbiologically confirmed pandemic @entity1 admitted to a medical ICU in Monza, Italy, over a 6-month period. RESULTS: From August 2009 to January 2010, 19 @entity0 (13 adults and 6 @entity0 ) required ICU admission. Nine subjects were referred to our hospital from other ICUs. In all @entity0 , with the exception of a case of severe @entity2 , the cause of ICU admission was @entity6 . Other @entity5 were common. A trial of non-invasive ventilation was attempted in 13 cases and was successful in four of them. The majority of the @entity0 required invasive mechanical ventilation. In the 7 most severely hypoxemic @entity0 , we applied veno-venous ECLS, with a very high rate of success. The median ICU stay was 9 days (range 1-78 days). Sixteen out of 19 (84%) @entity0 survived. CONCLUSION: In the majority of our @entity0 , @entity7 caused by pandemic @entity4 (H1N1) was associated with severe @entity3 , @entity5 , requirement for mechanical ventilation and frequent use of rescue therapies and ECLS support.

title: Management of acute @entity6 from XXXX : experience of a tertiary-level Intensive Care Unit.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent improvements in imaging-based diagnosis, the broader application of neuroendoscopic techniques and advances in open surgery techniques mean that the need for stereotactic biopsies in the management of @entity1 must be reevaluated. The primary aim of this retrospective study was to establish whether stereotactic biopsy is still of value in the modern management of @entity1 . METHODS: From 1985 to 2009, 88 consecutive @entity0 underwent a stereotactic biopsy in our institution (51 males and 37 females; median age at presentation 30; range 2-74). RESULTS: Accurate tissue diagnoses were obtained in all but one case (i.e. 99%). In one case (1%), three distinct stereotactic procedures were necessary to obtain a tissue diagnosis. There was no mortality or permanent morbidity associated with stereotactic biopsy. One @entity0 (1%) presented an intra-parenchymal @entity2 but no related clinical symptoms. Five @entity0 (6%) presented transient morbidity, which lasted for between 2  days and 3  weeks after the biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: To guide subsequent treatment, we believe that histological diagnosis is paramount. Stereotactic biopsies are currently the safest and the most efficient way of obtaining this essential information. Recent improvements in stereotactic technology (particularly robotic techniques) appear to be very valuable, with almost no permanent morbidity or mortality risk and no decrease in the accuracy rate. In our opinion, other available neurosurgical techniques (such as endoscopic neurosurgery, stereotactic neurosurgery and open microsurgery) are complementary and not competitive.

title: Are stereotactic sample biopsies still of value in the modern management of XXXX ? Lessons from a single-department, retrospective series.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects mainly @entity7 and has an impact on approximately 1% of the Western population. The coagulation process is altered in this condition, and this is frequently complicated by @entity6 . Changes in fibrin morphology have been linked with @entity1 , and this, in turn, plays an important role in @entity5 . Changes in the fibrin fiber formation cause the alterations observed in @entity5 morphology. In the current study, the ultrastructure of platelets and fibrin networks was investigated to determine whether any morphological changes are present in these structures in @entity0 suffering from @entity2 . Six @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 took part in this study, and their clot morphology was compared to that of control subjects. Citrated blood with and without the addition of @entity3 was used. Results indicated that the fibrin networks in the @entity4 @entity0 formed thick, matted layers. This matted appearance is due to a changed ultrastructure of the minor, thin fibers. Also, in these @entity0 , spontaneous networks were created without the addition of @entity3 , which indicates an abnormal hemostatic protein functioning, and the latter is expressed as visible changes in ultrastructure.

title: Scanning electron microscopy of fibrin networks in XXXX : a qualitative analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Percutaneous @entity1 injection ( @entity3 ) is an alternative therapy for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, some concern is raised on its carcinogenic effects. To evaluate the cytological and clinical changes caused by @entity3 in @entity0 with benign @entity4 . Thirty-nine @entity0 with @entity4 (23.1% hyperfunctioning) were submitted to a median of three @entity3 sessions. After a median of 17 months, @entity0 were reassessed. A new ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (US-FNB) was performed, and the smears were analyzed after May-Gr  nwald-Giemsa staining. The diagnostic findings and the cellular characteristics were compared before and after treatment. There was an increase in the proportion of nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory results (from 2.5% to 18.9%). No malignant cases were observed. The proportion of moderate/intense macrophage infiltration decreased from 60% to 15%. Before treatment, 23.1% @entity0 had @entity2 , which was completely or partially resolved in 66.7%. By ultrasound, the percentage of homogeneous nodules decreased from 64.0% to 38.4% (p=0.0235), and the mean nodule volume decreased from 13.4    12.2 to 5.3    5.1 cm(3). We demonstrate that @entity3 increases the proportion of nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory results from US-FNB. Therefore, cytological findings after @entity3 must be evaluated with caution. Our results also suggest that @entity3 is an efficacious and safe therapeutic option, with no carcinogenic effects observed on cytological evaluations. Safety and efficacy must be evaluated in larger studies with longer follow-up periods.

title: Changes associated with percutaneous @entity1 injection in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Percutaneous @entity1 injection ( @entity3 ) is an alternative therapy for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, some concern is raised on its carcinogenic effects. To evaluate the cytological and clinical changes caused by @entity3 in @entity0 with benign @entity4 . Thirty-nine @entity0 with @entity4 (23.1% hyperfunctioning) were submitted to a median of three @entity3 sessions. After a median of 17 months, @entity0 were reassessed. A new ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (US-FNB) was performed, and the smears were analyzed after May-Gr  nwald-Giemsa staining. The diagnostic findings and the cellular characteristics were compared before and after treatment. There was an increase in the proportion of nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory results (from 2.5% to 18.9%). No malignant cases were observed. The proportion of moderate/intense macrophage infiltration decreased from 60% to 15%. Before treatment, 23.1% @entity0 had @entity2 , which was completely or partially resolved in 66.7%. By ultrasound, the percentage of homogeneous nodules decreased from 64.0% to 38.4% (p=0.0235), and the mean nodule volume decreased from 13.4    12.2 to 5.3    5.1 cm(3). We demonstrate that @entity3 increases the proportion of nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory results from US-FNB. Therefore, cytological findings after @entity3 must be evaluated with caution. Our results also suggest that @entity3 is an efficacious and safe therapeutic option, with no carcinogenic effects observed on cytological evaluations. Safety and efficacy must be evaluated in larger studies with longer follow-up periods.

title: Changes associated with percutaneous XXXX injection in the treatment of @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bileaflet @entity5 ( @entity5 ) can be associated with malignant @entity2 . It is unknown whether surgical correction alone of this mitral valve pathology leads to a @entity2 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 4477 @entity0 who underwent mitral valve surgery from 1993-2013 at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. Among these, eight @entity0 with bileaflet @entity5 who had an @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in place both pre- and post-surgery were identified. @entity6 interrogation records were evaluated for episodes of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and appropriate @entity6 shock therapy. RESULTS: Of these eight @entity0 , five had a malignant @entity2 prior to surgery. Data was available 4.6        2.9  years before versus 6.6        4.2  years following surgical intervention. Among these @entity0 , there was a reduction in @entity4 (0.6 versus 0.14 events per- @entity0 -year pre- and post-surgery, respectively), @entity3 (0.4 versus 0.05 events per- @entity0 -year pre- and post-surgery, respectively), and @entity6 shocks (0.95 versus 0.19 events per- @entity0 -year pre- and post-surgery) following mitral valve surgery. CONCLUSIONS: We report a series of cases where the surgical correction of bileaflet @entity5 alone was associated with a reduction in malignant @entity2 and appropriate shocks. These early observations merit further investigation involving larger cohorts to further evaluate the association between abnormal mechanical forces in @entity1 and @entity2 .

title: Reduction in malignant XXXX and appropriate shocks following surgical correction of bileaflet @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bileaflet @entity5 ( @entity5 ) can be associated with malignant @entity2 . It is unknown whether surgical correction alone of this mitral valve pathology leads to a @entity2 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 4477 @entity0 who underwent mitral valve surgery from 1993-2013 at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. Among these, eight @entity0 with bileaflet @entity5 who had an @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in place both pre- and post-surgery were identified. @entity6 interrogation records were evaluated for episodes of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and appropriate @entity6 shock therapy. RESULTS: Of these eight @entity0 , five had a malignant @entity2 prior to surgery. Data was available 4.6        2.9  years before versus 6.6        4.2  years following surgical intervention. Among these @entity0 , there was a reduction in @entity4 (0.6 versus 0.14 events per- @entity0 -year pre- and post-surgery, respectively), @entity3 (0.4 versus 0.05 events per- @entity0 -year pre- and post-surgery, respectively), and @entity6 shocks (0.95 versus 0.19 events per- @entity0 -year pre- and post-surgery) following mitral valve surgery. CONCLUSIONS: We report a series of cases where the surgical correction of bileaflet @entity5 alone was associated with a reduction in malignant @entity2 and appropriate shocks. These early observations merit further investigation involving larger cohorts to further evaluate the association between abnormal mechanical forces in @entity1 and @entity2 .

title: Reduction in malignant @entity2 and appropriate shocks following surgical correction of bileaflet XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine epidemiology and risk factors for @entity5 in intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN. Prospective incidence survey. SETTING: An adult general ICU in a university hospital in western @entity3 . @entity0 : All @entity0 who stayed more than 48 h in ICU during a 2-year period (2000-2001). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The study included 434 @entity0 (7394 @entity0 -days). A total of 225 @entity4 were identified in 113 @entity0 (26%). The incidence and @entity4 rates were 56.8 in 1000- @entity0 days and 51.8%, respectively. The @entity4 were @entity1 (40.9%), bloodstream (30.2%), urinary tract (23.6%) and surgical site @entity4 (5.3%). @entity8 (22.6%), @entity9 -resistant @entity7 (22.2%) and Acinetobacter spp. (11.9%) were frequently isolated micro-organisms. Median length of stay with @entity5 and without were 13 days (Interquartile range, IQR, 20) and 2 days (IQR, 2), respectively ( P<0.0001). In logistic regression analysis, mechanical ventilation [odds ratio (OR): 16.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.26-32.34; P<0.0001), @entity6 (OR: 15.04; 95% CI: 3.41-66.33; P=0.0003), @entity2 (OR: 10.27; 95% CI: 2.34-45.01; P=0.002), nasogastric tube (OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.47-5.90; P=0.002), tracheotomy (OR: 5.77; 95% CI: 1.10-30.20; P=0.04) and APACHE II scores 10-19 (OR: 10.80; 95% CI: 1.10-106.01; P=0.04) were found to be significant risk factors for @entity5 . Rate of @entity5 increased with the number of risk factors (P<0.0001). Mortality rates were higher in infected @entity0 than in non-infected @entity0 (60.9 vs 22.1%; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that, in addition to underlying clinical conditions, some invasive procedures can be independent risk factors for @entity5 in ICU.

title: XXXX in intensive care unit in a Turkish university hospital: a 2-year survey.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is one of the adjunctive methods in the treatment of @entity4 . Embolization is performed in @entity0 prior to nephrectomy, in @entity0 with inoperable @entity4 as palliative treatment. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to present and to analyze our own experiences in the embolization of @entity4 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A  retrospective analysis of 33  @entity0 treated using @entity1 between 2011 and 2013 was carried out. In 30 cases (91%), embolization was performed due to @entity4 and in 3 cases (9%) due to @entity3 . In 11  @entity0 intervention was performed as a  palliative procedure because of @entity8 . Histoacrylic glue, @entity9 , sponge pledgets and embolization coils were used for embolization. RESULTS: In 20  @entity0 (61%), selective @entity1 was performed, whereas superselective @entity1 was carried out in 13  @entity0 (39%). The technical success rate of @entity1 was 100%. In one case the procedure was complicated by reflux of the histoacrylic glue into the common femoral artery with its embolization that required surgical embolectomy. We used histoacrylic glue in 26 embolizations (79%), in 19 procedures (58%) as the only embolization agent. @entity9 was used in 10 procedures (30%), gelatin sponge pledgets and absolute @entity7 in 6  @entity0 (18%). In 4 cases (12%), coils were implemented. In 22  @entity0 (67%), one or more components of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) developed. In all 22  @entity0 with @entity5 (100%), @entity2 was observed and administration of analgesics proved necessary. In 10  @entity0 treated by palliative embolization, both a  regression of macrohaematuria and an increase in hemoglobin level were observed. In 10 further @entity0 , the @entity6 level decreased following @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 is an effective and minimally-invasive intervention burdened with low risk of major complications. @entity5 occurs in about two-third of @entity0 . In the majority of @entity0 after palliative embolization, haematuria decreases and the quality of life improves.

title: The Role of Transarterial Embolization in the Treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 (TC) uptake by adult @entity0 hepatocytes co-cultured with other @entity0 liver epithelial cells (RLEC) was studied comparatively to hepatocytes in primary culture. Cells were cultured on Petri dishes for desired times prior to measuring their ability to transport TC. TC uptake was linear for 150 sec in both culture conditions. In hepatocytes cultured alone, the initial rate of TC uptake at an extracellular concentration of 100 microM was 0.19 +/- 0.02 nmole per min per 10(6) cells after 48 hr of culture and decreased by 75% after 4 to 6 days. In hepatocytes co-cultured with RLEC, the rate of uptake at 48 hr (0.31 +/- 0.01 nmole per min per 10(6) cells) was significantly higher than in hepatocytes cultured alone (p less than 0.01); in addition, TC uptake remained stable at an average rate of 0.17 +/- 0.01 nmole per min per 10(6) cells for up to 56 days. No detectable uptake was found in RLEC cultured alone. TC uptake exhibited both saturable (Vmax = 0.30 +/- 0.03 nmole per min per 10(6) cells and Km = 42.6 +/- 4.4 microM) and nonsaturable components. These kinetic parameters were similar to those previously reported in isolated hepatocytes and in short-term cultured hepatocytes. TC uptake exhibited @entity3 dependence and was significantly reduced when extracellular @entity3 was replaced by @entity2 and @entity1 , or in the presence of 1 mM @entity5 . After 18 days of co-culture, TC uptake had qualitatively the same characteristics as at 48 hr, with a saturable and a nonsaturable component.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term maintenance of XXXX uptake by adult @entity0 hepatocytes co-cultured with a liver epithelial cell line.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 (TC) uptake by adult @entity0 hepatocytes co-cultured with other @entity0 liver epithelial cells (RLEC) was studied comparatively to hepatocytes in primary culture. Cells were cultured on Petri dishes for desired times prior to measuring their ability to transport TC. TC uptake was linear for 150 sec in both culture conditions. In hepatocytes cultured alone, the initial rate of TC uptake at an extracellular concentration of 100 microM was 0.19 +/- 0.02 nmole per min per 10(6) cells after 48 hr of culture and decreased by 75% after 4 to 6 days. In hepatocytes co-cultured with RLEC, the rate of uptake at 48 hr (0.31 +/- 0.01 nmole per min per 10(6) cells) was significantly higher than in hepatocytes cultured alone (p less than 0.01); in addition, TC uptake remained stable at an average rate of 0.17 +/- 0.01 nmole per min per 10(6) cells for up to 56 days. No detectable uptake was found in RLEC cultured alone. TC uptake exhibited both saturable (Vmax = 0.30 +/- 0.03 nmole per min per 10(6) cells and Km = 42.6 +/- 4.4 microM) and nonsaturable components. These kinetic parameters were similar to those previously reported in isolated hepatocytes and in short-term cultured hepatocytes. TC uptake exhibited @entity3 dependence and was significantly reduced when extracellular @entity3 was replaced by @entity2 and @entity1 , or in the presence of 1 mM @entity5 . After 18 days of co-culture, TC uptake had qualitatively the same characteristics as at 48 hr, with a saturable and a nonsaturable component.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term maintenance of @entity4 uptake by adult XXXX hepatocytes co-cultured with a liver epithelial cell line.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The ability of @entity5 TOVE-R to displace virulent representatives of the most prevalent @entity0 mutans streptococci from the teeth of @entity1 , and thereby to inhibit caries, was studied. @entity4 10449S- or @entity4 sobrinus 6715-13WT-infected specific-pathogen-free @entity1 consuming a high- @entity3 diet were inoculated by TOVE-R. The infectants were differentially recovered from swabs of the teeth over the time course of @entity2 and from sonically treated material of extracted teeth and excised tongues. Despite initial colonization of the teeth by the mutans streptococci, TOVE-R colonized the teeth, unlike other essentially nonvirulent plaque formers already described. It did not colonize the tongues of the @entity1 . TOVE-R emerged and persisted as a prominent member of the plaque ecology. There was an associated decline in the mutans streptococci on the teeth, and this decline was associated with significant inhibition of the caries component attributable to 10449S @entity2 (56%) and to 6715-13WT @entity2 (52%). TOVE-R did not reliably inhibit the component of fissure caries attributable to the nonmutans indigenous flora of the @entity1 . TOVE-R itself induced no detectable decay. The data suggest the potential therapeutic utility of TOVE-R to inhibit caries by displacement of mutans streptococci from the teeth. These results supplement the already reported ability of TOVE-R to preempt initial colonization of teeth by the mutans streptococci.

title: Competitive displacement of mutans streptococci and inhibition of tooth decay by XXXX TOVE-R.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 is a growing problem in Asia, and early identification of at risk subjects for preventive measures is likely the most cost-effective method for managing this disease in developing countries. @entity0 with low @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have a high risk of future @entity3 . However, access to @entity1 measurements is limited in many areas of Asia, and inexpensive methods of targeting high-risk @entity0 for @entity1 measurements would be valuable. We compared two methods, a simple clinical risk assessment tool, the @entity2 Self-assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA), and quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) in identifying subjects with low @entity1 by DXA in 722 southern Chinese postmenopausal @entity0 recruited from the community in Hong Kong. Using the published cutoff value of -1 (versus 0 or higher) for OSTA to identify subjects with femoral neck @entity1 T-score < or =-2.5, basing on our local population peak young mean value, the sensitivity and specificity was 88% and 54% respectively. The optimal cutoff T-score of -2.35 for QUS yielded sensitivity and specificity values of 81% and 65%, respectively. The AUC for QUS was 0.78, which was not significantly different from that of 0.80 for OSTA. Both OSTA and QUS correlated significantly with @entity1 at the femoral neck (0.62 and 0.36, respectively, P both <0.001). When these cut-off values were used to identify subjects with either lumbar spine or femoral neck @entity1 T-score < or =-2.5, the sensitivity and specificity was 79% and 60%, respectively, for OSTA, and 69% and 70%, respectively, for QUS. Combining QUS with OSTA improved the sensitivity to 91%, but the specificity was reduced to 44%. We conclude that the simple clinical risk assessment tool OSTA is a free and effective method for identifying subjects at increased risk of @entity2 , and its use could facilitate the appropriate and more cost-effective use of bone densitometry in developing countries.

title: Comparison of a simple clinical risk index and quantitative bone ultrasound for identifying @entity0 at increased risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is a growing problem in Asia, and early identification of at risk subjects for preventive measures is likely the most cost-effective method for managing this disease in developing countries. @entity0 with low @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have a high risk of future @entity3 . However, access to @entity1 measurements is limited in many areas of Asia, and inexpensive methods of targeting high-risk @entity0 for @entity1 measurements would be valuable. We compared two methods, a simple clinical risk assessment tool, the @entity2 Self-assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA), and quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) in identifying subjects with low @entity1 by DXA in 722 southern Chinese postmenopausal @entity0 recruited from the community in Hong Kong. Using the published cutoff value of -1 (versus 0 or higher) for OSTA to identify subjects with femoral neck @entity1 T-score < or =-2.5, basing on our local population peak young mean value, the sensitivity and specificity was 88% and 54% respectively. The optimal cutoff T-score of -2.35 for QUS yielded sensitivity and specificity values of 81% and 65%, respectively. The AUC for QUS was 0.78, which was not significantly different from that of 0.80 for OSTA. Both OSTA and QUS correlated significantly with @entity1 at the femoral neck (0.62 and 0.36, respectively, P both <0.001). When these cut-off values were used to identify subjects with either lumbar spine or femoral neck @entity1 T-score < or =-2.5, the sensitivity and specificity was 79% and 60%, respectively, for OSTA, and 69% and 70%, respectively, for QUS. Combining QUS with OSTA improved the sensitivity to 91%, but the specificity was reduced to 44%. We conclude that the simple clinical risk assessment tool OSTA is a free and effective method for identifying subjects at increased risk of @entity2 , and its use could facilitate the appropriate and more cost-effective use of bone densitometry in developing countries.

title: Comparison of a simple clinical risk index and quantitative bone ultrasound for identifying XXXX at increased risk of @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and open discectomy (OD) for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing @entity6 with OD for @entity4 were searched comprehensively in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library. Relevant studies retrieved, data extracted and the quality of included studies were independently performed by two authors. RevMan software (Version 5.2.0) was used to analyse and synthesis relevant data of the included studies. Nine RCTs involving 774 @entity0 were obtained and reported the relevant outcome measures. Compared with OD group, there were significant difference in the general operation indicators including operation time, @entity2 , site of incision, hospital stay and time of return to work, biochemical indexes including @entity5 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity6 group. Meanwhile, there were no difference in effective rate, complication including total complications, dural leaks occurred and recurrence of the disc herniation, compared @entity6 group with OD group. @entity6 had slighter @entity1 , milder @entity2 and shorter healing time than OD. The results demonstrated @entity6 has great efficacy and safety comparable to OD. So we think that @entity6 can be used routinely for @entity4 @entity0 , especially the @entity0 of old and intolerable major surgery. Meanwhile, it is necessary for surgeon to master indication and contraindication of @entity6 and improve the operative technique.

title: What were the advantages of microendoscopic discectomy for XXXX comparing with open discectomy: a meta-analysis?

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incompleteness of interlobar fissures and @entity2 , common in tuberculous destroyed lung (TDL), are among "technical contraindications" for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The efficacy and safety of VATS in the treatment of TDL, has not yet been detailed in. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study is to observe the efficacy and safety of VATS in the management of TDL. METHODS: A retrospective review of anatomic lobectomy by VATS on 29 cases of TDL was performed in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Wuhan Medical Treatment Center between October 2010 and October 2013. RESULTS: All the 29 surgeries by VATS were successfully completed. No death case was reported. Operative duration of VATS was 75~400 min, with an average of 185.4 min; intraoperative amount of @entity3 ranged 50 to 2300 ml, with an average of 575.6 ml; the incidence of @entity1 was 21.4% (6/28). @entity1 occurred in 6 cases, among which there were 2 cases of persistent postoperative pulmonary air leak, 2 cases of @entity6 , one case of @entity3 and one case of @entity5 complicated with @entity4 . There was one @entity0 who was converted from VATS to open thoracic surgery half-way. CONCLUSION: Our results have shown the efficacy, safety and a breakthrough in the "technical contraindications" of VATS in the management of TDL.

title: Efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for 29 XXXX with tuberculosis-destroyed lung.

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene mutations occur independently. This is the first report of their coexistence in the same individuals. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to evaluate the genotype-phenotype correlations when mutations in both genes are present alone or together in the same individual. @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty subjects from an extended Arab kindred underwent clinical investigation and molecular studies of the mutant TSHRs. RESULTS: A novel mutant @entity2 was identified, involving four nucleotides at three sites on the same allele, @entity4 ( @entity5 ), @entity6 ( @entity7 ), and @entity8 ( @entity9 ). In addition, two known @entity3 gene mutations, @entity10 and @entity11 , were identified. Thirteen heterozygotes for the mutant @entity2 allele had mild hyperthyrotropinemia. In nine of theses, the coexistence of a @entity3 mutation in one allele did not magnify the hyperthyrotropinemia. Homozygotes for the mutant @entity2 and a compound heterozygote for the @entity3 mutations presented @entity1 . In vitro studies showed increasing loss of function for @entity7 less than @entity9 less than @entity7 / @entity9 @entity2 mutants, the latter being that expressed in the subjects under investigation. The two interchangeably used WT @entity2 vectors, L87 and V87, although functionally identical, differed in structure and function in the presence of the @entity7 mutation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 and @entity3 gene mutations were identified alone and together in individuals of a consanguineous kindred. Homozygotes for the @entity2 and a compound heterozygote for the @entity3 mutations were @entity1 . The mild hyperthyrotropinemia of heterozygotes for the mutant @entity2 allele was not aggravated by the coexistence of a @entity3 defect in one allele.

title: The coexistence of a novel inactivating mutant thyrotropin receptor allele with two XXXX mutations: a genotype-phenotype correlation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is proposed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and serum @entity4 has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the association between serum total @entity4 (Tb) concentration and renal function in an adult population. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study and collected anthropometric measurements, fasting blood tests, lifestyle habits and medical history of 3876 subjects attending a health examination. @entity2 was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/ @entity6 .73 m(2) calculated by using the @entity5 -EPI equation. RESULTS: Serum Tb concentrations were higher in subjects without @entity2 than in those with @entity2 . Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that Tb concentration was positively associated with eGFR after adjusting for important @entity5 risk factors (P=0.04). Multivariable logistic regression analysis also revealed that higher Tb concentration (each increment of 1.71  mol/L) (0.1 mg/dL) was associated with a reduced risk of @entity2 : odds ratios were 0.94 (P=0.005) for @entity0 and 0.90 (P=0.015) for @entity0 , respectively. When subjects were divided into quartiles of serum Tb, multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for @entity2 comparing the fourth to the first Tb quartile were 0.49 (P=0.001) for @entity0 and 0.35 (P=0.003) for @entity0 . A stepwise exclusion of subjects, first those with possible @entity3 and second, those with @entity5 stage 4 and 5, showed consistent results. CONCLUSION: Higher serum Tb concentration was associated with lower risk of @entity2 , regardless of other conventional @entity5 risk factors.

title: Higher serum total XXXX concentration is associated with lower risk of @entity2 in an adult population.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is proposed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and serum @entity4 has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the association between serum total @entity4 (Tb) concentration and renal function in an adult population. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study and collected anthropometric measurements, fasting blood tests, lifestyle habits and medical history of 3876 subjects attending a health examination. @entity2 was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/ @entity6 .73 m(2) calculated by using the @entity5 -EPI equation. RESULTS: Serum Tb concentrations were higher in subjects without @entity2 than in those with @entity2 . Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that Tb concentration was positively associated with eGFR after adjusting for important @entity5 risk factors (P=0.04). Multivariable logistic regression analysis also revealed that higher Tb concentration (each increment of 1.71  mol/L) (0.1 mg/dL) was associated with a reduced risk of @entity2 : odds ratios were 0.94 (P=0.005) for @entity0 and 0.90 (P=0.015) for @entity0 , respectively. When subjects were divided into quartiles of serum Tb, multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for @entity2 comparing the fourth to the first Tb quartile were 0.49 (P=0.001) for @entity0 and 0.35 (P=0.003) for @entity0 . A stepwise exclusion of subjects, first those with possible @entity3 and second, those with @entity5 stage 4 and 5, showed consistent results. CONCLUSION: Higher serum Tb concentration was associated with lower risk of @entity2 , regardless of other conventional @entity5 risk factors.

title: Higher serum total @entity4 concentration is associated with lower risk of XXXX in an adult population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity14 are among the most common diseases affecting @entity0 . This study aimed at investigating the gastroprotective effects of manuka honey against @entity9 -induced @entity14 in @entity2 . The mechanism by which honey exerts its antiulcer potential was elucidated. Four groups of @entity2 were used: control, @entity9 (ulcer), @entity17 , and manuka honey. Stomachs were examined macroscopically for @entity6 in the glandular mucosa, histopathological changes, and glycoprotein detection. The effects of oxidative stress were investigated using the following indicators: gastric mucosal @entity8 (NO), @entity13 ( @entity18 ), lipid @entity15 ( @entity12 , measured as @entity10 ) @entity13 peroxidase (GPx), @entity4 dismutase (SOD), and catalase. Plasma @entity1 @entity3 factor-a, @entity16 , and @entity7 were also measured. Manuka honey significantly decreased the ulcer index, completely protected the mucosa from lesions, and preserved @entity5 . It significantly increased gastric mucosal levels of NO, @entity18 , GPx, and SOD. Manuka honey also decreased gastric mucosal @entity12 and plasma @entity11 , @entity16 , and @entity7 concentrations. In conclusion, manuka honey likely exerted its antiulcer, effect by keeping enzymatic (GPx and SOD) and nonenzymatic ( @entity18 and NO) antioxidants as well as inflammatory cytokines ( @entity11 , @entity16 , and @entity7 ) in a reduced form, inhibited lipid peroxidation ( @entity12 ), and preserved mucous glycoproteins levels.

title: Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Antiulcer Potential of Manuka Honey against XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity14


abstract: @entity14 are among the most common diseases affecting @entity0 . This study aimed at investigating the gastroprotective effects of manuka honey against @entity9 -induced @entity14 in @entity2 . The mechanism by which honey exerts its antiulcer potential was elucidated. Four groups of @entity2 were used: control, @entity9 (ulcer), @entity17 , and manuka honey. Stomachs were examined macroscopically for @entity6 in the glandular mucosa, histopathological changes, and glycoprotein detection. The effects of oxidative stress were investigated using the following indicators: gastric mucosal @entity8 (NO), @entity13 ( @entity18 ), lipid @entity15 ( @entity12 , measured as @entity10 ) @entity13 peroxidase (GPx), @entity4 dismutase (SOD), and catalase. Plasma @entity1 @entity3 factor-a, @entity16 , and @entity7 were also measured. Manuka honey significantly decreased the ulcer index, completely protected the mucosa from lesions, and preserved @entity5 . It significantly increased gastric mucosal levels of NO, @entity18 , GPx, and SOD. Manuka honey also decreased gastric mucosal @entity12 and plasma @entity11 , @entity16 , and @entity7 concentrations. In conclusion, manuka honey likely exerted its antiulcer, effect by keeping enzymatic (GPx and SOD) and nonenzymatic ( @entity18 and NO) antioxidants as well as inflammatory cytokines ( @entity11 , @entity16 , and @entity7 ) in a reduced form, inhibited lipid peroxidation ( @entity12 ), and preserved mucous glycoproteins levels.

title: Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Antiulcer Potential of Manuka Honey against @entity14 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 25-year-old @entity0 delivered her first-born @entity0 weighing 3400 g by full-term normal delivery. Bloody stool developed 3 days after delivery. Colonoscopic examination revealed two linear @entity3 parallel to the anal column on the posterior side of the rectal ampulla about 5 cm from the anal ring. Coagulated blood was detected at the @entity3 bottom, suggesting the site of @entity2 . Bowel rest in the absence of oral intake resulted in the disappearance of bloody stool. Three days later colonoscopic examination revealed improvement in the @entity3 . There was no sign of @entity4 . A lateral pelvic radiograph showed that the apex of the coccyx was flexed anteriorly. The parturient canal may have physically pressed the rectum against the apex of the coccyx during delivery, causing @entity5 . Only a few studies have reported the complication of a rectal @entity3 due to injury during delivery. Furthermore, none of the previous studies has reported a rectal @entity3 caused by @entity1 .

title: @entity2 caused by a XXXX complicated by normal delivery.

answer: @entity1