abstract: To explore the role of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in angiogenesis in the developing corpus luteum, luteal microvascular endothelial-like cells (luteal ECs) were prepared from highly luteinizing ovaries of @entity0 using the percoll density gradient method. The cells abundantly expressed the mRNAs of the endothelial markers @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and responded to the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to form in vitro @entity5 structures on Matrigel. Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors significantly suppressed @entity5 formation in luteal ECs, whereas @entity1 counteracted the COX inhibitor-induced blockage. @entity1 -induced @entity5 formation was blocked by a @entity2 -dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, @entity7 . The antagonist against the PGE receptor type 2 (EP2 receptor), @entity9 , completely inhibited @entity1 -induced @entity5 formation and partly suppressed the @entity6 -induced @entity5 formation but did not attenuate @entity1 -induced phosphorylation of both AKT kinase and @entity3 . @entity6 significantly enhanced the expression of @entity4 mRNAs detected by real-time RT-PCR and @entity1 secretion into the media measured by ELISA in luteal ECs. In turn, @entity1 stimulated @entity6 expression. In vitro co-culture of luteal ECs with steroidogenic luteal cells (SLCs) promoted @entity5 formation. Pre-treatment of SLCs with @entity6 further enhanced @entity5 formation of ECs, and this effect was blocked by the @entity4 inhibitor. This stimulatory effect was inhibited by treatment with @entity9 . These data indicate that @entity1 exerts a direct stimulatory effect on @entity5 formation mainly via the EP2 receptor/PKA signaling in luteal ECs. Our results suggest the possibility that the endogenous @entity1 that is produced from luteinizing follicular cells as well as ECs may stimulate luteal angiogenesis.

title: Stimulation of XXXX formation mediated through the prostaglandin EP2 receptor in @entity0 luteal endothelial cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: To explore the role of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in angiogenesis in the developing corpus luteum, luteal microvascular endothelial-like cells (luteal ECs) were prepared from highly luteinizing ovaries of @entity0 using the percoll density gradient method. The cells abundantly expressed the mRNAs of the endothelial markers @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and responded to the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to form in vitro @entity5 structures on Matrigel. Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors significantly suppressed @entity5 formation in luteal ECs, whereas @entity1 counteracted the COX inhibitor-induced blockage. @entity1 -induced @entity5 formation was blocked by a @entity2 -dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, @entity7 . The antagonist against the PGE receptor type 2 (EP2 receptor), @entity9 , completely inhibited @entity1 -induced @entity5 formation and partly suppressed the @entity6 -induced @entity5 formation but did not attenuate @entity1 -induced phosphorylation of both AKT kinase and @entity3 . @entity6 significantly enhanced the expression of @entity4 mRNAs detected by real-time RT-PCR and @entity1 secretion into the media measured by ELISA in luteal ECs. In turn, @entity1 stimulated @entity6 expression. In vitro co-culture of luteal ECs with steroidogenic luteal cells (SLCs) promoted @entity5 formation. Pre-treatment of SLCs with @entity6 further enhanced @entity5 formation of ECs, and this effect was blocked by the @entity4 inhibitor. This stimulatory effect was inhibited by treatment with @entity9 . These data indicate that @entity1 exerts a direct stimulatory effect on @entity5 formation mainly via the EP2 receptor/PKA signaling in luteal ECs. Our results suggest the possibility that the endogenous @entity1 that is produced from luteinizing follicular cells as well as ECs may stimulate luteal angiogenesis.

title: Stimulation of @entity5 formation mediated through the prostaglandin EP2 receptor in XXXX luteal endothelial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 is a rare, @entity2 associated with hyperphosphataemia. A family in which seven of 13 siblings had demonstrable, clinical, radiological and pathological findings of @entity0 was evaluated. The purposes were to compare the efficacy of bone scintiscans with serum @entity4 determination in detecting subclinical disease early in asymptomatic siblings and to assess therapeutic results in affected family members following initiation of @entity3 depletion therapy. History, physical examination, serum @entity1 , serum @entity4 and bone scintiscans were performed in 12 of 13 siblings. All the affected siblings had markedly elevated serum @entity4 levels and abnormal bone scintiscans while the unaffected siblings had normal serum @entity4 levels and normal bone scintiscans. All the siblings, affected and unaffected, were normocalcaemic. After initiation of @entity3 depletion therapy, gross changes in the appearance of lesions were detected on bone scintiscans. Serum @entity4 levels likewise showed a modest decline, although still remaining in the hyperphosphataemic range. In conclusion, bone scintiscans and serum @entity4 determinations are equally sensitive in detecting subclinical disease. However, the scintiscans are helpful in assessing not only the extent of the disease, but also whole-body and regional changes following any therapeutic interventions.

title: XXXX : scintigraphic studies of an affected family.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for sternal wound @entity3 following coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), and to compare early and mid-term survival outcome. METHODS: Data were prospectively collected for 4228 @entity0 who underwent CABG surgery between April 1997 and March 2001. One hundred and nine (2.6%) @entity0 developed sternal wound @entity3 . We used logistic regression to identify independent risk factors associated with @entity5 . @entity0 records were linked to the National Strategic Tracing Service, which records all @entity2 in the UK, to establish current vital status. Deaths occurring over time were described using Kaplan-Meier techniques. To control for differences in @entity0 characteristics, we used Cox proportional hazards analysis to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The results of the logistic regression analysis found that the independent predictors of sternal wound @entity3 were @entity1 (odds ratio (OR) 2.0; P<0.001), New York Heart Association class >/=3 (OR 1.6; P=0.022), use of bilateral internal mammary arteries (OR 3.2; P<0.001), increasing number of grafts (OR 1.5; P<0.001), re-exploration for bleeding (OR 3.1; P=0.011), and increased duration of mechanical ventilation (for every 10 h (OR 1.12; P<0.001)). Three hundred and forty one (8.1%) @entity2 occurred during the study period with mean follow up of 3.2+/-1.3 years. The crude HR of mid-term mortality for sternal wound @entity3 @entity0 was 2.51 (95% CI 1.59-3.94, P<0.001). After adjustment for pre, intra and post-operative factors, the adjusted HR of mid-term mortality for sternal wound @entity3 @entity0 was 1.64 (95% CI 1.03-2.61, P=0.037). The adjusted freedom from @entity2 at 30 days, @entity4 years was 96.8, 93.7, 91.4 and 86.7%, respectively, compared with 98.1, 96.1, 94.7 and 91.7% for @entity0 without sternal wound infections. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we have identified risk factors for sternal wound @entity3 , many of which are modifiable. We have also shown that there is a significant increase in mortality in @entity0 with sternal wound @entity3 during a 4-year follow-up period after CABG.

title: Risk factors for sternal wound XXXX and mid-term survival following coronary artery bypass surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the ability of ultrasound (US) and microbubbles (MB) to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy against @entity2 Y79 cells in vitro. METHODS: The experiment was performed in three stages. The authors first compared cell viability of Y79 cells exposed to @entity1 versus cells exposed to @entity1 combined with low-intensity, low-frequency US + MB. They then evaluated enhanced cell permeability by studying the intensity of intracellular fluorescence in cells exposed to @entity1 versus those exposed to @entity1 with US + MB. Lastly they evaluated the morphologic characteristics of the cells by @entity3 ( @entity3 ) to identify the presence of pores. RESULTS: The Y79 cells exposed to @entity1 with US + MB showed a significant decrease in cell viability at 72 hours compared with those exposed to @entity1 alone (P = 0.02). Cells also showed immediate increased permeability to @entity1 with the addition of US + MB compared with @entity1 alone, which continued to increase over 60 minutes. @entity3 did not demonstrate physical pores at the lowest US + MB intensity shown to enhance intracellular @entity1 fluorescence. CONCLUSIONS: US + MB facilitates the uptake of chemotherapy in @entity2 Y79 cells in vitro. This occurs in the absence of visible pores, suggesting a possible secondary mechanism for increased drug delivery. This experiment is the first step toward enhancing chemotherapy with sonoporation in the treatment of intraocular @entity0 . This technique may lead to more effective chemotherapy treatments with less collateral damage to ocular tissues and may allow reduced systemic dosage and systemic side effects.

title: Sonoporation enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy in XXXX cells in vitro.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the role that radiation therapy may have in the management of resected, unresectable, and metastatic H  rthle cell @entity3 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Retrospective review of 18 @entity0 receiving radiation therapy for H  rthle cell @entity4 . The diagnosis was established in 10 @entity0 and 8 @entity0 between November 1943 and January 1995. Median age was 57.9 years. Initially, 5 @entity0 received adjuvant radiation therapy, 7 received salvage radiation therapy for unresectable recurrent disease, and 6 received palliative radiation therapy for distant @entity1 . Median follow-up was 107.1 months (range 15.7-351 months). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate and estimate overall survival, cause-specific survival, and @entity2 control rate. RESULTS: The 5-year overall and cause-specific survival rates were 66.7% (SE 11.1%) and 71.8% (SE 10.7%), respectively. Adjuvant radiation therapy was successful in preventing recurrence in 4 of 5 @entity0 . Salvage radiation therapy was successful in 3 of 5 @entity0 treated with external beam radiation therapy. Palliative radiation therapy provided sustained symptomatic relief at 67% of irradiated sites. CONCLUSIONS: H  rthle cell @entity4 is a radiosensitive @entity2 . Radiation therapy may provide palliative relief from symptomatic @entity1 , control recurrent @entity2 , and prevent recurrence of advanced resected @entity2 .

title: Is there a role for radiation therapy in the management of H  rthle cell XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Parametrial metastases are rare in @entity0 with small, node-negative cervical @entity1 . We examined the incidence of micrometastases in @entity0 with pathologically negative parametria. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 who underwent radical hysterectomy and had no evidence of parametrial metastases were examined. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a cytokeratin antibody was performed in parametrial sections. RESULTS: Among 46 @entity0 , a parametrial micrometastasis was identified in 1 (2.2%). @entity3 were seen in 5% of @entity0 with lymphvascular space invasion (LVSI) and in 0 (0%) @entity0 without LVSI (p=0.43). The @entity0 with a parametrial micrometastasis experienced recurrence and died from her disease. In a previous report, we defined @entity0 with @entity1 <2 cm, negative pelvic lymph nodes, and no LVSI as being at low-risk for @entity2 . There were no micrometastases in this group of @entity0 in the current series. CONCLUSION: Parametrial micrometastases are uncommon in @entity1 .

title: Detection and significance of parametrial micrometastases in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment of extremity soft-tissue @entity3 yields excellent local control, but distant failure is common with large, high-grade @entity2 . A regimen of preoperative chemotherapy consisting of mesna, @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity10 (MAID) interdigitated with radiotherapy followed by resection and postoperative chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy was designed to improve treatment outcome. We report the mature outcome data on 48 treated @entity0 and compare them with the data of an historical matched control @entity0 population. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Adult @entity0 with high-grade extremity soft-tissue @entity3 >or=8 cm were treated with three cycles of preoperative chemotherapy combined with 44 Gy of radiotherapy followed by surgery. Three cycles of postoperative MAID were planned. For @entity0 with positive surgical margins, 16 Gy was delivered postoperatively. RESULTS: All 48 @entity0 (M0) received the MAID protocol treatment, and their outcome was superior to that of the historical control @entity0 . The 5-year actuarial local control, freedom from distant @entity1 , disease-free survival, and overall survival rate was 92% and 86% (p = 0.1155), 75% and 44% (p = 0.0016), 70% and 42% (p = 0.0002), and 87% and 58% (p = 0.0003) for the MAID and control @entity0 groups, respectively. Acute @entity8 in the MAID group included @entity7 in 12 @entity0 (25%). @entity4 occurred in 14 (29%) of 48 MAID @entity0 . One MAID @entity0 developed late fatal @entity9 . CONCLUSION: After aggressive chemoradiation and surgery, these @entity0 showed a significant reduction in distant metastases, with a highly significant gain in disease-free and overall survival compared with a historical control group. On the basis of this experience, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group conducted a multi-institutional trial.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for large extremity soft-tissue XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the advances in antihypertensive therapy and renal revascularization, there remains a group of @entity0 in whom @entity3 leads to @entity1 and treatment-resistant @entity2 . METHODS: We performed an observational cohort study in which we reviewed blood pressures, renal function, and predictors of response in 74 @entity0 who underwent nephrectomy of a small kidney for uncontrolled @entity2 between 1990 and 2000. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity0 was 65 years; 43 (58%) were @entity0 . Thirty-five @entity0 (47%) underwent nephrectomy as part of combined revascularization of the contralateral kidney. Associated @entity4 were common (28% to 49%), as were prior renal revascularization (21 [28%]) and @entity2 urgency/emergencies (23 [31%]). The mean (+/- SD) long axis of the affected kidney was 8 +/- 2 cm, and the mean function of the kidney (based on radioisotope renography) was 12% +/- 11% of total renal function. The average systolic blood pressure fell from 168 +/- 19 mm Hg to 136 +/- 18 mm Hg (P <0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure declined from 88 +/- 10 mm Hg to 76 +/- 9 mm Hg (P <0.0001) at the most recent available clinic visit (mean follow-up, 4.1 +/- 2.6 years). In addition, the number of antihypertensive medications decreased from 3.2 +/- 1.1 to 2.2 +/- 1.5 (P <0.0001). Renal function remained stable. Results were similar (preoperative blood pressure of 165/88 mm Hg taking three medications to 137/77 mm Hg taking two medications) among the 39 @entity0 who had a nephrectomy without contralateral revascularization. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that in selected @entity0 with resistant @entity2 and @entity1 that has resulted in @entity1 with reduced function, nephrectomy can improve blood pressure control without further loss in overall renal function.

title: Revisiting the role of nephrectomy for advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fetal behavior, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were studied 1-3 days after surgery in seven fetal @entity1 (aged 127-136 days). Five behavioral states were defined from chart recordings of electrocortical (electrocorticographic; ECoG) activity and eye, limb, and @entity2 movements. Most records were of high-voltage ECoG (HV) or low-voltage (LV) ECoG with @entity2 (LVB); 6.7 +/- 1.7% were LV ECoG with no @entity2 (LV0). RSNA was lower in LV0 (P < 0.001) and greater in LVB than in HV (P < 0.05). MAP was lower in both LV states than in HV and when the fetuses went from LV to HV (P < 0.001 to P < 0.03). HR was highest in HV (P < 0.001). In HV and LVB and when the fetus went from @entity0 were inversely related (P = 0.012-0.003). In LVB and from LV to HV there were direct relationships between MAP and RSNA (P = 0.0014, P = 0.08), and when the fetus went from LV to HV there was also an inverse relationship between HR and RSNA (P = 0.02). Thus fetal RSNA, MAP, and HR are affected by behavioral state as is fetal cardiovascular control. The increase in RSNA during fetal @entity2 showed that there was an altered level of fetal RSNA associated with fetal @entity2 activity.

title: Effects of fetal behavioral states on renal sympathetic nerve activity and arterial pressure of unanesthetized fetal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is a member of the CD28 family. Although @entity0 is an essential pathological feature of @entity5 , the role of @entity10 in @entity5 remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: Lewis @entity1 were immunized on day 0 with purified porcine @entity2 to establish experimental @entity5 (EAM). Flow cytometry was used to examine expression of @entity10 on myocardial infiltrating cells. Anti- @entity10 antibody or @entity10 -immunoglobulin (ICOSIg) was administered intravenously, and @entity1 were killed on day 14 or 21 to study effects of @entity10 / @entity11 ( @entity11 ) pathway blockade during the antigen priming phase (days 0-14) or immune response phase (days 14-21), respectively. The heart weight to body weight ratio was determined, and histological examination and echocardiogram were performed to evaluate the severity of the disease. Cytokine expression in the heart and T cell proliferation against @entity2 were analyzed. Flow cytometry revealed that the majority of infiltrating cells, especially @entity7 -positive cells, expressed @entity10 . Blockade of the @entity10 / @entity11 pathway during the immune response phase attenuated EAM development. However, blockade of the @entity10 / @entity11 pathway during the antigen priming phase did not attenuate and exacerbate EAM. Blockade of T cell activation through @entity10 suppressed expression of cytokines including INF-gamma, @entity8 , @entity3 , @entity9 , @entity6 , and @entity4 and inhibited T cell proliferation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Blockade of T cell activation through @entity10 during the immune response phase regulates development of EAM, and therefore, @entity10 may be an effective target for treating @entity5 .

title: Attenuation of experimental XXXX by blocking activated T cells through inducible costimulatory molecule pathway.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between elevated plasma concentrations of @entity4 -rich lipoproteins and @entity5 remain uncertain. In the present work, we investigated the gene expression pattern and intracellular pathways in @entity0 endothelial cells incubated with very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). Moreover, as VLDL can enter the arterial wall and undergo oxidative modification, we compared the VLDL-induced expression pattern with the one of oxidised VLDL (Ox-VLDL). METHODS: Total RNA from endothelial cells incubated with 75 microg/ml VLDL or Ox-VLDL and total RNA from endothelial cells under basal conditions were hybridised to identical microarrays containing 8411 genes. Seven clusters of expression profiles were identified. This pattern was validated by quantitative real-time PCR of selected genes. The intracellular pathway involved in VLDL or Ox-VLDL mediated endothelial responses were also investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: VLDL predominantly activated the @entity6 pathway while P38 MAPK was the main target of Ox-VLDL. @entity12 and @entity8 were activated by both VLDL and Ox-VLDL. Real-time PCR demonstrated that VLDL induced @entity7 (5.47+/-1.74 fold), @entity9 (2.38+/-0.23) and @entity2 (2.51+/-0.30) expression. Ox-VLDL was found to induce @entity11 (2.10+/-0.48) and @entity10 (3.19+/-0.07) expression. In addition, several genes implicated in endothelial cell activation and damage/proliferation were identified by the array analysis. Ox-VLDL was found to promote the generation of reactive @entity1 species and exert a cytotoxic effect, while VLDL lacks these effects. These findings confirm the involvement of VLDL and Ox-VLDL in @entity3 and suggest new genes and molecular mechanisms involved in these actions.

title: Gene expression and intracellular pathways involved in XXXX induced by VLDL and oxidised VLDL.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although the application of cold energy, cryotherapy, has been shown to cause selective damage to cellular components with preservation of matrix structure resulting in less @entity0 in a variety of tissues, the effects of intravascular cryotherapy on vessel wall repair after balloon angioplasty are unknown. We sought to characterize the effects of cryotherapy application on vessel wall repair after balloon angioplasty and study the relationship between collagen accumulation in the vessel wall and late lumen loss as assessed by serial intravascular ultrasound. METHODS: The immediate, early (72 h) and late (10 weeks) effects of three intravascular cryotherapy application time periods (60, 120 and 240 s) after iliac artery balloon angioplasty ('cryotherapy') were compared with balloon angioplasty alone ('control') in 59 @entity1 . Arterial lumen area was measured by intravascular ultrasound immediately after the procedure, at 72 h and at 10 weeks. Collagen content was calculated separately for intima and media/adventitia layers and correlated with late lumen loss. RESULTS: Cryotherapy produced average vessel wall temperature of -26 degrees C (range, -20 to -45 degrees C) and resulted in significantly larger lumen cross-sectional area (CSA) immediately after application (5.74+/-1.18 vs. 4.14+/-0.75 mm(2), P=0.008) but was not different than control arteries at 10 weeks. At 72 h, there was extensive cell loss in the medial and adventitial layers accompanied by increased macrophage infiltration in cryotherapy treated arteries compared to control. At 10 weeks, intimal @entity2 was increased 2-fold in cryotherapy treated arteries. Collagen content was increased 2-fold in the medial/adventitial layers, and nearly 3-fold in the intima of cryotherapy treated arteries. Collagen content in arterial intima (P=0.01) as well as media/adventitia (P=0.005) positively correlated with late lumen loss. Foci of chondro- and osseous metaplasia and calcification were evident at the medial-adventitial junction in cryotherapy treated arteries at 10 weeks. CONCLUSION: Intravascular cryotherapy induced early arterial wall cell loss and late intimal @entity2 , vascular @entity0 and chondro- and osseous metaplastic changes with no late beneficial effects on lumen area compared to balloon angioplasty alone. Collagen accumulation in all three layers of the vessel wall contributes to the development of late inward remodeling after balloon angioplasty.

title: Effects of intravascular cryotherapy on vessel wall repair in a balloon-injured XXXX iliac artery model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: One of the most important questions raised by modern psychiatry and experimental psychopathology is the origin of mental diseases. More concisely, clinical and experimental neurosciences are increasingly concerned with the factors that render one individual more vulnerable than another to a given pathological outcome. Animal models are now available to understand the sources of individual differences for specific phenotypes prone to behavioral disadaptations. Over the last 10 years we have explored the consequences of environmental perinatal manipulations in the @entity0 . We have shown that prenatal stress is at the origin of a wide range of physiological and behavioral aberrances such as alterations in the activity of the hormonal stress axis, increased vulnerability to drug of abuse, emotional liability, @entity1 and predisposition to pathological aging. Taken together, these abnormalities define a bio-behavioral syndrome. Furthermore, the cognitive disabilities observed in prenatally-stressed @entity0 were recently related to an alteration of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, thus confirming the impact of early life events on brain morphology. A second model (handling model) has also been developed in which pups are briefly separated from their mothers during early postnatal life. In contrast with prenatally-stressed animals, handled @entity0 exhibited a reduced emotion response when confronted with novel situations and were protected against age-induced @entity1 and cognitive functions. Taken together, the results of these investigations show that the bio-behavioral phenotype that characterizes each individual is strongly linked to the nature and timing of perinatal experience. Furthermore, data collected in prenatally-stressed animals indicate that this model could be used profitably to understand the etiology and pathophysiology of @entity2 .

title: Individual vulnerability to substance abuse and XXXX : role of early environmental influences.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Between 1976 and 1981, 147 @entity0 with residual, inoperable, or locally recurrent @entity2 were randomized to receive either radiation (XRT) alone or XRT plus chemotherapy (concomitant @entity3 during XRT and maintenance @entity3 + @entity4 ). An initial field received 4,500-5,100 rad in 5-6 weeks, with a boost field dose to a maximum of 7000 rad/8 weeks (maximum 6,000 rad/7 weeks with chemotherapy), dependent on findings of special small bowel films. One hundred twenty-nine @entity0 were evaluable (65 XRT, 64 XRT + chemo). There were no statistically significant differences between treatments with respect to overall survival, complete remission rate, time to disease progression, local failure rate, or radiation dose distribution. Median survival was 17 months for XRT, 18 months for XRT + chemo; the 2-year survival probability was 36% for XRT, 44% for XRT + chemo. Initial performance status was a significant prognostic factor for both survival and time to disease progression. A trend was observed favoring the combination treatment for @entity0 with @entity1 . Treatment complications were greater for the combined modality arm than for radiation alone. Twenty-seven @entity0 (22%) were alive at last data analysis, with no evidence of disease (NED) from 2-51 months (30 months median). @entity0 with resection of gross disease before or after irradiation had a much better result than those with gross residual or without any resection, but the relative influence of @entity0 selection versus impact of surgery remains unclear.

title: Radiation therapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of residual or inoperable XXXX and rectosigmoid or pelvic recurrence following colorectal surgery. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group study (76-16).

answer: @entity2


abstract: The antihypertensive function of the renal medulla was tested on accelerated (malignant) @entity2 of the @entity1 . A procedure for the development of accelerated @entity2 of the @entity1 of lethal proportions within 3 wk was established. This procedure consisted of the application of a rigid clip with a fixed and unyielding gap to the @entity0 . Three additional manipulations, other than simple nephrectomy, were performed on the right kidney after application of the rigid clip to the left renal artery. These were: (a) a sham operation, (b) @entity0 and its autotransplantation in a fragmented state, and (c) @entity0 and its autotransplantation in a fragmented state. After the sham-operated @entity0 , the standardized accelerated @entity2 did not develop, whereas after autotransplanted renal cortex it did. After a period of protection against accelerated @entity2 , removal of either the sham-operated kidney or the renomedullary transplants was followed by a prompt rise in arterial pressure and death of the animal. Thus, the antihypertensive action of renomedullary tissue was similar to that of the whole kidney. The main cell type noted in the protective renomedullary transplants had the microscopic characteristics of the lipid-containing interstitial cells. These cells occurred in clusters, often were near capillaries, and appeared hyperplastic. It is suggested that the renomedullary interstitial cell is the most eligible cell for exertion of the renomedullary antihypertensive action. Since vasoactive lipids are extractable from the renal medulla and its interstitial cells, the hypothesis that interstitial cells secrete antihypertensive substance(s) is attractive.

title: Renomedullary antihypertensive function in accelerated (malignant) XXXX . Observations on renomedullary interstitial cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 , the most common pediatric primary @entity8 , is an @entity4 with a tendency for early pulmonary @entity1 . A reliable biomarker to predict clinical outcome at diagnosis has not yet been identified. To date, pathological review of neoadjuvant chemotherapy-induced @entity3 is the most useful determinant of which @entity0 are likely to develop @entity1 . There is a clinical need to identify @entity0 who will benefit from more aggressive preoperative therapy or perhaps require less aggressive chemotherapy. More than 30 @entity0 P450 isoenzymes have been characterized, with at least nine possessing some clinical relevance. One of these, @entity9 /5 is involved in metabolic activation and detoxification of a wide number of carcinogens and chemotherapeutic agents, including many drugs that are useful in the treatment of @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity5 tissue microarray blocks containing biopsies from 18 primary @entity2 were used to analyze the expression of P450s 1A1/2, 1B1, 2B6, 2D6, and 3A4/5 by enzyme-linked avidin- @entity7 complexed immunohistochemistry. The frequencies of expression were 83%, 67%, and 83% for P450s 1A1/2, 1B1, and 3A4/5, respectively. P450s 2B6 and 2D6 were not detectable. RESULTS: These results were extended by developing a fluorescent-based quantitative immunocytochemistry technique to assess the levels of @entity9 /5 in 18 @entity6 -embedded primary biopsy sections. Expression of @entity10 was found to be significantly higher in primary biopsies of @entity0 who developed distant @entity1 compared with biopsies from @entity0 with nonmetastatic disease (P = 0.0004). CONCLUSION: High cytochrome P450 @entity9 /5 expression may predict @entity1 and poor prognosis in @entity5 . Its use as a biomarker of therapeutic response will have implications for the treatment of these @entity2 .

title: Cytochrome P450 @entity9 /5 expression as a biomarker of outcome in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 , the most common pediatric primary @entity8 , is an @entity4 with a tendency for early pulmonary @entity1 . A reliable biomarker to predict clinical outcome at diagnosis has not yet been identified. To date, pathological review of neoadjuvant chemotherapy-induced @entity3 is the most useful determinant of which @entity0 are likely to develop @entity1 . There is a clinical need to identify @entity0 who will benefit from more aggressive preoperative therapy or perhaps require less aggressive chemotherapy. More than 30 @entity0 P450 isoenzymes have been characterized, with at least nine possessing some clinical relevance. One of these, @entity9 /5 is involved in metabolic activation and detoxification of a wide number of carcinogens and chemotherapeutic agents, including many drugs that are useful in the treatment of @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity5 tissue microarray blocks containing biopsies from 18 primary @entity2 were used to analyze the expression of P450s 1A1/2, 1B1, 2B6, 2D6, and 3A4/5 by enzyme-linked avidin- @entity7 complexed immunohistochemistry. The frequencies of expression were 83%, 67%, and 83% for P450s 1A1/2, 1B1, and 3A4/5, respectively. P450s 2B6 and 2D6 were not detectable. RESULTS: These results were extended by developing a fluorescent-based quantitative immunocytochemistry technique to assess the levels of @entity9 /5 in 18 @entity6 -embedded primary biopsy sections. Expression of @entity10 was found to be significantly higher in primary biopsies of @entity0 who developed distant @entity1 compared with biopsies from @entity0 with nonmetastatic disease (P = 0.0004). CONCLUSION: High cytochrome P450 @entity9 /5 expression may predict @entity1 and poor prognosis in @entity5 . Its use as a biomarker of therapeutic response will have implications for the treatment of these @entity2 .

title: Cytochrome P450 XXXX /5 expression as a biomarker of outcome in @entity5 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: A bioassay of practical-grade @entity5 for possible carcinogenicity was conducted using Fischer 344 @entity2 and B6C3F1 @entity1 . @entity5 was administered in the feed, at either of two concentrations, to groups of 50 male and 50 female animals of each species. For male and female @entity2 , the high and low time-weighted average dietary concentrations of @entity5 were 0.02 and 0.008 percent, respectively. For male and female @entity1 , the high and low time-weighted average concentrations were 0.04 and 0.008 percent, respectively. After a 78-week period of compound administration, observation of the @entity2 continued for an additional 26 weeks and observation of the @entity1 continued for 13 additional weeks. For the chronic @entity2 bioassay, 25 @entity2 of each sex were placed on test as high dose controls, and 50 @entity2 of each sex served as the low dose controls. For the @entity1 , 50 males and 50 females were placed on test as controls for each of the high dose and low dose groups. In both species the survival in all groups was adequate for statistical analysis of late-appearing @entity0 . In the male @entity2 , a significantly increased incidence of @entity3 and subcutaneous tissue occurred in both the high and the low dose groups when compared to their respective controls. A statistically significant incidence of @entity4 of the mammary gland occurred in the high dose female @entity2 . Among the @entity1 a variety of @entity0 was observed but none were considered to be associated with the dietary administration of @entity5 . Under the conditions of this bioassay dietary administration of @entity5 to Fischer 344 @entity2 induced @entity0 (i.e., @entity3 and subcutaneous tissue in males and @entity4 of the mammary gland in females). No evidence was provided for the carcinogenicity of the compound in B6C3F1 @entity1 of either sex.

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Live @entity7 were infused into anesthetized @entity6 given 0.6 ml bile/kg and 80 mM @entity11 into the stomach. @entity8 , cardiac output, and gastric blood flow were monitored. @entity4 flow were measured by microspheres. The microscopic @entity0 was graded 0-4 (stomach) or 0-5 (intestine). One group of @entity6 (N = 8) received 5 mg @entity5 CuZn @entity2 dismutase (SOD) as a bolus before bacteria followed by infusion 50 mg/3 hr. Four of these @entity6 were also given catalase in the same dose. Controls (N = 8) had no treatment. After 3 hr gastric ulceration (grades 2-4) was found in controls but only in 50% of treated @entity6 (P less than 0.1). About 50% and 25% of the @entity6 in both groups developed significant small intestinal and @entity10 , respectively. SOD or SOD/catalase had no effect on late systemic @entity8 , @entity9 , or transient increase in pulmonary pressure. Total gastric blood flow did not change, while at late @entity3 gastric mucosal flow was decreased in the treated group. Small intestinal mucosal flow decreased in both series. It is concluded that free @entity1 radicals may be of partial importance in the development of @entity3 -induced gastric, but not intestinal, @entity0 .

title: Role of free XXXX radicals in the development of @entity4 in @entity7 @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Live @entity7 were infused into anesthetized @entity6 given 0.6 ml bile/kg and 80 mM @entity11 into the stomach. @entity8 , cardiac output, and gastric blood flow were monitored. @entity4 flow were measured by microspheres. The microscopic @entity0 was graded 0-4 (stomach) or 0-5 (intestine). One group of @entity6 (N = 8) received 5 mg @entity5 CuZn @entity2 dismutase (SOD) as a bolus before bacteria followed by infusion 50 mg/3 hr. Four of these @entity6 were also given catalase in the same dose. Controls (N = 8) had no treatment. After 3 hr gastric ulceration (grades 2-4) was found in controls but only in 50% of treated @entity6 (P less than 0.1). About 50% and 25% of the @entity6 in both groups developed significant small intestinal and @entity10 , respectively. SOD or SOD/catalase had no effect on late systemic @entity8 , @entity9 , or transient increase in pulmonary pressure. Total gastric blood flow did not change, while at late @entity3 gastric mucosal flow was decreased in the treated group. Small intestinal mucosal flow decreased in both series. It is concluded that free @entity1 radicals may be of partial importance in the development of @entity3 -induced gastric, but not intestinal, @entity0 .

title: Role of free @entity1 radicals in the development of @entity4 in XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Live @entity7 were infused into anesthetized @entity6 given 0.6 ml bile/kg and 80 mM @entity11 into the stomach. @entity8 , cardiac output, and gastric blood flow were monitored. @entity4 flow were measured by microspheres. The microscopic @entity0 was graded 0-4 (stomach) or 0-5 (intestine). One group of @entity6 (N = 8) received 5 mg @entity5 CuZn @entity2 dismutase (SOD) as a bolus before bacteria followed by infusion 50 mg/3 hr. Four of these @entity6 were also given catalase in the same dose. Controls (N = 8) had no treatment. After 3 hr gastric ulceration (grades 2-4) was found in controls but only in 50% of treated @entity6 (P less than 0.1). About 50% and 25% of the @entity6 in both groups developed significant small intestinal and @entity10 , respectively. SOD or SOD/catalase had no effect on late systemic @entity8 , @entity9 , or transient increase in pulmonary pressure. Total gastric blood flow did not change, while at late @entity3 gastric mucosal flow was decreased in the treated group. Small intestinal mucosal flow decreased in both series. It is concluded that free @entity1 radicals may be of partial importance in the development of @entity3 -induced gastric, but not intestinal, @entity0 .

title: Role of free @entity1 radicals in the development of XXXX in @entity7 @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Live @entity7 were infused into anesthetized @entity6 given 0.6 ml bile/kg and 80 mM @entity11 into the stomach. @entity8 , cardiac output, and gastric blood flow were monitored. @entity4 flow were measured by microspheres. The microscopic @entity0 was graded 0-4 (stomach) or 0-5 (intestine). One group of @entity6 (N = 8) received 5 mg @entity5 CuZn @entity2 dismutase (SOD) as a bolus before bacteria followed by infusion 50 mg/3 hr. Four of these @entity6 were also given catalase in the same dose. Controls (N = 8) had no treatment. After 3 hr gastric ulceration (grades 2-4) was found in controls but only in 50% of treated @entity6 (P less than 0.1). About 50% and 25% of the @entity6 in both groups developed significant small intestinal and @entity10 , respectively. SOD or SOD/catalase had no effect on late systemic @entity8 , @entity9 , or transient increase in pulmonary pressure. Total gastric blood flow did not change, while at late @entity3 gastric mucosal flow was decreased in the treated group. Small intestinal mucosal flow decreased in both series. It is concluded that free @entity1 radicals may be of partial importance in the development of @entity3 -induced gastric, but not intestinal, @entity0 .

title: Role of free @entity1 radicals in the development of @entity4 in @entity7 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Thirty-three @entity0 who had transitional cell @entity1 with stage @entity2 and grade 3 components were treated between January 1980 and December 1992. Clinical study was done for these 33 @entity0 on treatment modalities and it's problem, intravesical recurrence, disease progression and prognosis. Twenty-five of 33 @entity0 underwent bladder-sparing surgeries and total cystectomy was performed for another 8 @entity0 as initial treatment. Intravesical recurrence was observed in 18 (72%) of 25 @entity0 who underwent initial bladder-sparing surgeries. Recurrence-free rate was 44% for 1 year and mean period to recurrence from initial therapy was 13.1 months. Although some adjuvant therapy after initial treatment was performed for 20 @entity0 , it's efficacy in preventing intravesical recurrence could not be confirmed. Disease progression was recognized in 10 (40%) of 25 @entity0 initially treated by bladder-sparing surgeries after median latent period of 33.7 months, whereas only one (12.5%) of another 8 @entity0 who underwent total cystectomy showed progression, and 5-year progression-free rate after initial bladder-sparing surgeries was 55.6%. Three and five-year actural survival rate in all cases were 81.5% and 65.1%, respectively. According to initial treatment, 5-year survival rate was 62.2% for the @entity0 treated by bladder-sparing surgeries, whereas it was 83.3% for the cases who underwent total cystectomy. However statistical significant difference was not recognized. In view of disease progression after initial bladder-sparing surgeries, @entity0 with progression yealed a 45.7% 5-year survival rate compared to 81.5% for the @entity0 without progression, and significant difference was demonstrated between them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical study on stage @entity2 and grade 3 transitional cell XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Thirty-three @entity0 who had transitional cell @entity1 with stage @entity2 and grade 3 components were treated between January 1980 and December 1992. Clinical study was done for these 33 @entity0 on treatment modalities and it's problem, intravesical recurrence, disease progression and prognosis. Twenty-five of 33 @entity0 underwent bladder-sparing surgeries and total cystectomy was performed for another 8 @entity0 as initial treatment. Intravesical recurrence was observed in 18 (72%) of 25 @entity0 who underwent initial bladder-sparing surgeries. Recurrence-free rate was 44% for 1 year and mean period to recurrence from initial therapy was 13.1 months. Although some adjuvant therapy after initial treatment was performed for 20 @entity0 , it's efficacy in preventing intravesical recurrence could not be confirmed. Disease progression was recognized in 10 (40%) of 25 @entity0 initially treated by bladder-sparing surgeries after median latent period of 33.7 months, whereas only one (12.5%) of another 8 @entity0 who underwent total cystectomy showed progression, and 5-year progression-free rate after initial bladder-sparing surgeries was 55.6%. Three and five-year actural survival rate in all cases were 81.5% and 65.1%, respectively. According to initial treatment, 5-year survival rate was 62.2% for the @entity0 treated by bladder-sparing surgeries, whereas it was 83.3% for the cases who underwent total cystectomy. However statistical significant difference was not recognized. In view of disease progression after initial bladder-sparing surgeries, @entity0 with progression yealed a 45.7% 5-year survival rate compared to 81.5% for the @entity0 without progression, and significant difference was demonstrated between them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical study on stage XXXX and grade 3 transitional cell @entity1 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: A driver with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is supposed to have a certain minimum @entity1 and a minimum velocity of reading, with the head directed straight ahead or 10 degrees laterally. The ability to perform different oculomotor tasks depends, however, on individual properties of @entity2 and compensatory mechanisms, as is demonstrated in 4 cases. METHODS: Detailed electrooculographic (EOG) recordings were performed in 4 @entity4 @entity0 , in addition to the examination of visual functions. RESULTS: The @entity1 of @entity0 1 is sufficient (0.6 on both eyes), yet his retinal image is intermittently destabilized by a periodic alternating @entity2 . Case 2 with high myopic @entity3 and severely reduced @entity1 (right eye: finger counting; left eye: 0.2) compensates for his vertical @entity2 by head nodding and for his manifest-latent horizontal @entity2 by a head turn. The optimal @entity1 of @entity0 3 (horizontal @entity2 ) is 0.3, with an oblique head position and convergence. In other head and gaze positions he has a @entity2 in the direction of gaze. @entity0 4, with a high myopic @entity3 , microstrabism and manifest-latent fixational @entity2 , has a @entity1 between 0.2 and 0.3 in both eyes. He had been a licensed professional car driver, in spite of contradicting national and international criteria: but his license was refused later. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity4 , the influence of head and gaze position, monocular fixation, convergence and self or object motion on @entity2 intensity and wave forms could be important for driving, because it might influence @entity1 and motion perception. The latter hypothesis still has to be proven in further studies, performed under conditions relevant for traffic.

title: [ XXXX in the ophthalmologic automobile driving fitness verdict].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a chronic @entity1 of connective tissue, manifested clinically by small, firm nodules. It is observed only rarely around the eyes. @entity0 AND METHODS: We present four @entity0 aged 33 to 66 years with @entity2 . The lesions were mildly or not symptomatic. Biopsies were taken. There was no association with any systemic @entity1 . RESULTS: Histology was characteristic for @entity3 annulare in all four cases. The clinical course was benign. CONCLUSION: When faced with @entity2 , the ophthalmologist may consider a diagnosis of @entity3 annulare in @entity0 of any age. While @entity3 annulare is generally observed in young @entity0 , one of our @entity0 was aged 66 years.

title: [ XXXX of the eyelid].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Intimal thickening in arteries is considered a site of predilection for @entity2 . We investigated whether oral application of the @entity3 (NO) donors @entity6 [ @entity6 , 10 mg/kg body weight twice daily (b.i.d.)] and @entity8 (10 mg/kg body weight/day) can @entity5 formation and changes in vascular reactivity induced by a nonocclusive, soft @entity4 collar positioned around the left carotid artery of @entity0 . The contralateral carotid artery was sham operated and served as a control. Drug and placebo (diet without drug) treatments were initiated 7 days before placement of the collar. At the end of the experiments, two segments were cut from each collared and sham-treated artery, one for measurement of the cross-sectional area of intima and media and the other for isometric tension recording. Sham treatment did not result in intimal thickening in either group. In contrast, the intima/media (I/M) ratio was considerably increased after 14 days of collar treatment as a result of @entity5 formation. Intimal thickening was significantly inhibited by @entity6 (I/M ratio 0.05 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.11 +/- 0.02, p < 0.05), but not by @entity8 (0.06 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.08 +/- 0.02, p = 0.49), which is a donor of both NO and @entity1 anions. Neither collar nor NO donor treatment altered the area of the media. @entity6 did not alter the percentage of replicating smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the media after collar treatment, as demonstrated by their immunoreactivity for @entity7 ( @entity7 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity3 donors on @entity5 formation and vascular reactivity in the collared carotid artery of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Intimal thickening in arteries is considered a site of predilection for @entity2 . We investigated whether oral application of the @entity3 (NO) donors @entity6 [ @entity6 , 10 mg/kg body weight twice daily (b.i.d.)] and @entity8 (10 mg/kg body weight/day) can @entity5 formation and changes in vascular reactivity induced by a nonocclusive, soft @entity4 collar positioned around the left carotid artery of @entity0 . The contralateral carotid artery was sham operated and served as a control. Drug and placebo (diet without drug) treatments were initiated 7 days before placement of the collar. At the end of the experiments, two segments were cut from each collared and sham-treated artery, one for measurement of the cross-sectional area of intima and media and the other for isometric tension recording. Sham treatment did not result in intimal thickening in either group. In contrast, the intima/media (I/M) ratio was considerably increased after 14 days of collar treatment as a result of @entity5 formation. Intimal thickening was significantly inhibited by @entity6 (I/M ratio 0.05 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.11 +/- 0.02, p < 0.05), but not by @entity8 (0.06 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.08 +/- 0.02, p = 0.49), which is a donor of both NO and @entity1 anions. Neither collar nor NO donor treatment altered the area of the media. @entity6 did not alter the percentage of replicating smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the media after collar treatment, as demonstrated by their immunoreactivity for @entity7 ( @entity7 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity3 donors on XXXX formation and vascular reactivity in the collared carotid artery of @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Intimal thickening in arteries is considered a site of predilection for @entity2 . We investigated whether oral application of the @entity3 (NO) donors @entity6 [ @entity6 , 10 mg/kg body weight twice daily (b.i.d.)] and @entity8 (10 mg/kg body weight/day) can @entity5 formation and changes in vascular reactivity induced by a nonocclusive, soft @entity4 collar positioned around the left carotid artery of @entity0 . The contralateral carotid artery was sham operated and served as a control. Drug and placebo (diet without drug) treatments were initiated 7 days before placement of the collar. At the end of the experiments, two segments were cut from each collared and sham-treated artery, one for measurement of the cross-sectional area of intima and media and the other for isometric tension recording. Sham treatment did not result in intimal thickening in either group. In contrast, the intima/media (I/M) ratio was considerably increased after 14 days of collar treatment as a result of @entity5 formation. Intimal thickening was significantly inhibited by @entity6 (I/M ratio 0.05 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.11 +/- 0.02, p < 0.05), but not by @entity8 (0.06 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.08 +/- 0.02, p = 0.49), which is a donor of both NO and @entity1 anions. Neither collar nor NO donor treatment altered the area of the media. @entity6 did not alter the percentage of replicating smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the media after collar treatment, as demonstrated by their immunoreactivity for @entity7 ( @entity7 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of XXXX donors on @entity5 formation and vascular reactivity in the collared carotid artery of @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We assessed the nature of foot strike and the potential effect of acute @entity4 dosing in @entity1 @entity0 with mild to severe fluctuations of motor performances in comparison with healthy volunteers. Forty-eight @entity0 were enrolled in the study and compared with 33 age and gender matched controls. Each @entity0 was assessed by a computerized electropodographic system before @entity4 dosing @entity3 -h after intake of a standard fasting morning dose of @entity4 plus @entity6 . Twelve foot strikes (six right, six left) were analysed per @entity0 . The controls underwent three repeated examinations at 1-h intervals. @entity0 ' motor response to acute @entity4 dosing was evaluated at fixed times by a battery of motor tests. Foot strike dynamics differed between @entity0 and controls: in particular, first ground contact of the foot was significantly shifted from heel to forefoot in @entity0 compared to controls. The forward shift in footprint during walking was more marked on the more affected body side but was unrelated to the severity and duration of @entity2 and unresponsive to @entity4 dosing. Tapping and walking tests were overall responsive to acute @entity4 intake. The system seemed suitable to detect irregular patterns of foot strike even at the early stages of @entity2 , when @entity5 was not clinically overt, and might be useful in the search for clinical markers of @entity1 .

title: Objective assessment of foot strike in XXXX *.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A novel operative technique for postinfarction @entity12 has been used in 44 consecutive @entity0 . The operation consists of excluding rather than excising the infarcted septum and ventricular walls. This is accomplished by performance of a left ventriculotomy through the infarcted muscle and securing a @entity13 -fixed @entity5 pericardium patch to the endocardium of the left ventricle all around the infarcted @entity10 . The ventriculotomy is simply closed over the pericardial patch. There were 21 @entity0 and 23 @entity0 whose mean age was 69 +/- 7 years. Twenty-nine @entity0 were in @entity9 at the time of operation. All @entity0 had Doppler echocardiography and coronary angiography before operation. All but two @entity0 were operated on during the acute phase of the @entity6 . There were six operative @entity3 . @entity4 included @entity2 in 10 @entity0 and @entity11 in 18. Severe @entity1 was the only independent predictor of operative mortality. @entity0 have been followed up for a mean of 40 +/- 34 months. There have been six late @entity3 and three of these were because of cardiac problems. The actuarial survival at 6 years was 66% +/- 7%. Only one @entity0 had a small residual @entity12 . Late postoperative assessment of ventricular function by echocardiography revealed that most @entity0 had normal or mild @entity1 and mild or moderate @entity7 . Repair of acute postinfarction @entity12 by endocardial patch with @entity8 exclusion of the left ventricule probably avoids additional damage to the right ventricle, remodels the acutely infarcted left ventricle, and enhances survival.

title: Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture: repair by endocardial patch with XXXX exclusion.

answer: @entity8


abstract: From July 1982 through September 1994, 19 @entity0 had operative treatment of @entity3 associated with an @entity2 . Specific diagnosis were septum primum defects in 7, Rastelli @entity4 in 6, transitional defects in 4, inlet @entity5 with malattached chordae in 1, and tetralogy of Fallot with Rastelli type C defect in 1. Twenty-seven operations for @entity3 were performed. Surgical treatment of the outlet lesion was performed at initial @entity2 repair in 3 @entity0 and in the remaining 16 from 1.2 to 13.1 years (mean 4.9 years, median 3.9 years) after repair. Eighteen of the 19 @entity0 had fibrous resection and myectomy for relief of obstruction. Seven @entity0 had an associated left @entity1 . One @entity0 received an apicoaortic conduit. Seven @entity0 (36.8%) required 8 reoperations for previously treated @entity3 . Time to the second procedure was 2.8 to 7.4 years (mean 4.9 years). Follow-up is 0.4 to 14.0 years (median 5.6 years). Six-year actuarial freedom from reoperation is 66% +/- 15%. The angle between the plane of the outlet septum and the plane of the septal crest was measured in 10 normal hearts (86.4 +/- 13.7) and 10 hearts with @entity2 (22.2 +/- 26.0; p < 0.01). The outflow tract can be effectively shortened, widened, and the angle increased toward normal by augmenting the left side of the superior bridging leaflet and performing a fibromyectomy. CONCLUSION: Standard fibromyectomy for @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 leads to a high rate of reoperation. Leaflet augmentation and fibromyectomy may decrease the likelihood of reoperation.

title: @entity3 in the spectrum of XXXX . Solutions may be complex and palliative.

answer: @entity2


abstract: From July 1982 through September 1994, 19 @entity0 had operative treatment of @entity3 associated with an @entity2 . Specific diagnosis were septum primum defects in 7, Rastelli @entity4 in 6, transitional defects in 4, inlet @entity5 with malattached chordae in 1, and tetralogy of Fallot with Rastelli type C defect in 1. Twenty-seven operations for @entity3 were performed. Surgical treatment of the outlet lesion was performed at initial @entity2 repair in 3 @entity0 and in the remaining 16 from 1.2 to 13.1 years (mean 4.9 years, median 3.9 years) after repair. Eighteen of the 19 @entity0 had fibrous resection and myectomy for relief of obstruction. Seven @entity0 had an associated left @entity1 . One @entity0 received an apicoaortic conduit. Seven @entity0 (36.8%) required 8 reoperations for previously treated @entity3 . Time to the second procedure was 2.8 to 7.4 years (mean 4.9 years). Follow-up is 0.4 to 14.0 years (median 5.6 years). Six-year actuarial freedom from reoperation is 66% +/- 15%. The angle between the plane of the outlet septum and the plane of the septal crest was measured in 10 normal hearts (86.4 +/- 13.7) and 10 hearts with @entity2 (22.2 +/- 26.0; p < 0.01). The outflow tract can be effectively shortened, widened, and the angle increased toward normal by augmenting the left side of the superior bridging leaflet and performing a fibromyectomy. CONCLUSION: Standard fibromyectomy for @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 leads to a high rate of reoperation. Leaflet augmentation and fibromyectomy may decrease the likelihood of reoperation.

title: XXXX in the spectrum of @entity2 . Solutions may be complex and palliative.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 causes substantial @entity0 morbidity and mortality in the United States. Symptoms and physical findings can be helpful in diagnosis but have limited sensitivity and specificity. Objective measurement of ventricular function is essential in virtually all @entity0 in whom a diagnosis of @entity3 is suspected. Reversible causes of @entity3 must be sought. Outpatient management includes education and counseling, emphasis on and assessment of compliance with diet, and pharmacologic treatment. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are the mainstay of treatment but are underused, and maximal doses are not given apparently because of concern about side effects. Diuretic therapy should be administered only as needed to manage fluid overload. @entity2 channel blockers are relatively contraindicated in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 follow-up should be guided by the results of the medical history and physical examination. Routine serial testing of ventricular function and exercise performance is discouraged.

title: Diagnosis and outpatient management of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is the complication with the greatest medical repercussions in @entity3 . The aim of this study was to know both the incidence of @entity4 in Asturias, Spain and the immediate evolution of these @entity0 . METHODS: The clinical histories of all the @entity0 admitted for @entity4 in 1992 in two Asturian public health care areas were reviewed. @entity4 in @entity0 under the age of 45 years or those occurring because of other diseases ( @entity1 , @entity2 ) were excluded. RESULTS: In the health care areas studied in 1992 there were 283 @entity4 with an incidence of 219.6 @entity5 /10(5) inhabitants/year in those over the age of 50 years. The incidence in @entity0 over 45 years of age was 3-fold greater than that in @entity0 of the same age. The mean age of the @entity0 was 80.2 +/- 8.9 years. The incidence in @entity0 over the age of 50 was greater in urban (266/10(5) inhab./year) than in the rural areas (185.7/10(5) inhab./year) (p < 0.001). Ten percent of the @entity0 were residing in old age residences or hospitals at the time of the @entity5 . Eighty-one percent required surgery. Home was the site of the @entity5 in 84% of the cases with no seasonal variation being observed. The most frequent intrahospitalary complications observed were @entity6 (15%), @entity7 (18%), and @entity8 (8%). The mean hospital stay was 26.5 days with acute hospitalary mortality of 5.6%. Nineteen point seven percent of the @entity0 were transferred to a center for chronically ill @entity0 . The total cost of the hospital care for the @entity4 in this study exceeded 311 million pesetas in 1992. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiology of @entity4 in Asturias, Spain, follows a similar pattern as that found in other Spanish regions. It was found to be more frequent in the urban than in the rural areas. Hospitalary mortality of these @entity0 is partly determined by age and the number of complications which developed during hospital stay. The impact on the @entity0 with @entity4 and on the economic resources destined to their attention justifies the development of @entity3 and @entity5 prevention programs.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX in Asturias].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Concern has been expressed that exposure to fertility drugs might be associated with a risk of @entity3 . We have examined the incidence of @entity7 in a cohort of 10,358 @entity1 referred for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) treatment in Victoria, Australia, between 1978 and 1992. The "exposed" group (n = 5564) had had ovarian stimulation to induce multiple folliculogenesis and the "unexposed" group (n = 4794) had been referred for @entity4 but were untreated or had had "natural cycle" treatment without ovarian stimulation. Duration of follow-up ranged from 1 to 15 years. Cases of @entity2 were determined by record linkage with data from population-based @entity2 registries. 34 cases of @entity0 and 6 of invasive @entity3 were observed. A comparison with the expected numbers, derived by applying age-standardised general population rates to the cohort gave standardised incidence ratios (SIR) for @entity0 of 0.89 (95% CI 0.55-1.46) in the exposed group and 0.98 (0.62-1.56) in the unexposed group, and for @entity3 SIRs were 1.70 (0.55-5.27) and 1.62 (0.52-5.02), respectively. Rates of all @entity2 were not significantly different from general population rates. The relative risk (RR) of @entity2 , adjusted for age and @entity5 type, was, in the treated group compared with the untreated group, 1.11 (95% CI 0.56-2.20) for @entity3 . The risk of body of @entity2 was increased in the exposed and unexposed groups combined ( @entity6 .84 [1.18-6.81]). @entity1 with @entity5 , independent of @entity4 exposure, had significantly increased risks of @entity3 (RR = 19.19 [2.23-165.0]) and body of @entity2 (RR = 6.34 [1.06-38.0]) compared with @entity1 with known causes of @entity5 . This relatively short-term follow-up suggests that ovarian stimulation with @entity4 is not associated with an increased risk of @entity0 . Although there was no significantly increased risk of @entity3 after ovarian stimulation with @entity4 the small number of cases limits the conclusions that can be drawn. Longer-term follow-up of large cohorts of @entity1 who have been in @entity4 programmes will be necessary.

title: @entity7 incidence after XXXX and in vitro fertilisation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Concern has been expressed that exposure to fertility drugs might be associated with a risk of @entity3 . We have examined the incidence of @entity7 in a cohort of 10,358 @entity1 referred for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) treatment in Victoria, Australia, between 1978 and 1992. The "exposed" group (n = 5564) had had ovarian stimulation to induce multiple folliculogenesis and the "unexposed" group (n = 4794) had been referred for @entity4 but were untreated or had had "natural cycle" treatment without ovarian stimulation. Duration of follow-up ranged from 1 to 15 years. Cases of @entity2 were determined by record linkage with data from population-based @entity2 registries. 34 cases of @entity0 and 6 of invasive @entity3 were observed. A comparison with the expected numbers, derived by applying age-standardised general population rates to the cohort gave standardised incidence ratios (SIR) for @entity0 of 0.89 (95% CI 0.55-1.46) in the exposed group and 0.98 (0.62-1.56) in the unexposed group, and for @entity3 SIRs were 1.70 (0.55-5.27) and 1.62 (0.52-5.02), respectively. Rates of all @entity2 were not significantly different from general population rates. The relative risk (RR) of @entity2 , adjusted for age and @entity5 type, was, in the treated group compared with the untreated group, 1.11 (95% CI 0.56-2.20) for @entity3 . The risk of body of @entity2 was increased in the exposed and unexposed groups combined ( @entity6 .84 [1.18-6.81]). @entity1 with @entity5 , independent of @entity4 exposure, had significantly increased risks of @entity3 (RR = 19.19 [2.23-165.0]) and body of @entity2 (RR = 6.34 [1.06-38.0]) compared with @entity1 with known causes of @entity5 . This relatively short-term follow-up suggests that ovarian stimulation with @entity4 is not associated with an increased risk of @entity0 . Although there was no significantly increased risk of @entity3 after ovarian stimulation with @entity4 the small number of cases limits the conclusions that can be drawn. Longer-term follow-up of large cohorts of @entity1 who have been in @entity4 programmes will be necessary.

title: XXXX incidence after @entity5 and in vitro fertilisation.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Endothelial cell damage is one important pathophysiological step of @entity3 and @entity1 after angioplasty. Accelerated reendothelialization impairs @entity5 formation. We evaluated the role of intravenously transfused endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on reendothelialization and @entity5 formation in a @entity0 model of @entity4 . Spleen-derived @entity0 mononuclear cells (MNCs) were cultured in endothelial basal medium. A total of 91.8+/-3.2% of adherent cells showed uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-Ac-LDL) and lectin binding after 4 days. Immunostaining and long-term cultures confirmed the endothelial progenitor phenotype. To determine the effect of stem cell transfusion on reendothelialization, @entity0 received either fluorescent-labeled spleen-derived MNCs or in vitro differentiated EPCs intravenously after endothelial injury of the carotid artery. Transfused cells were strictly restricted to the injury site, and lectin binding confirmed the endothelial phenotype. Homing of transfused cells to the site of injury was only detectable in splenectomized @entity0 . Cell transfusion caused enhanced reendothelialization associated with a reduction of @entity5 formation. Systemically applied spleen-derived MNCs and EPCs home to the site of @entity4 , resulting in an enhanced reendothelialization associated with decreased @entity5 formation. These results allow novel insights in stem cell biology and provide additional information for the treatment of @entity2 and prevention of @entity1 after angioplasty. The full text of this article is available online at http://www.circresaha.org.

title: Intravenous transfusion of endothelial progenitor cells reduces XXXX formation after @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Endothelial cell damage is one important pathophysiological step of @entity3 and @entity1 after angioplasty. Accelerated reendothelialization impairs @entity5 formation. We evaluated the role of intravenously transfused endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on reendothelialization and @entity5 formation in a @entity0 model of @entity4 . Spleen-derived @entity0 mononuclear cells (MNCs) were cultured in endothelial basal medium. A total of 91.8+/-3.2% of adherent cells showed uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-Ac-LDL) and lectin binding after 4 days. Immunostaining and long-term cultures confirmed the endothelial progenitor phenotype. To determine the effect of stem cell transfusion on reendothelialization, @entity0 received either fluorescent-labeled spleen-derived MNCs or in vitro differentiated EPCs intravenously after endothelial injury of the carotid artery. Transfused cells were strictly restricted to the injury site, and lectin binding confirmed the endothelial phenotype. Homing of transfused cells to the site of injury was only detectable in splenectomized @entity0 . Cell transfusion caused enhanced reendothelialization associated with a reduction of @entity5 formation. Systemically applied spleen-derived MNCs and EPCs home to the site of @entity4 , resulting in an enhanced reendothelialization associated with decreased @entity5 formation. These results allow novel insights in stem cell biology and provide additional information for the treatment of @entity2 and prevention of @entity1 after angioplasty. The full text of this article is available online at http://www.circresaha.org.

title: Intravenous transfusion of endothelial progenitor cells reduces @entity5 formation after XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that @entity5 use (abuse and/or dependency) is associated with @entity4 . METHODS: A case-control study. Potential case @entity0 were identified from the Veterans Health Administration national clinical database using International Classification of Disease, Version 9, Clinical Modification for @entity4 for fiscal year 2009. Inclusion criteria included consecutive prescriptions for 1 or more topical antiglaucoma medications. @entity5 exposure was identified through International Classification of Disease, Version 9, Clinical Modification codes. The odds of @entity5 exposure were compared with the overall outpatient population of national Veterans Health Administration beneficiaries and adjusted for age and other illicit drug use. A nested case-control study was conducted to examine the confounding influence of race. RESULTS: Age-adjusted odds ratios of @entity5 exposure among @entity0 with @entity1 were statistically significant for both @entity0 [3.52 (95% confidence interval, CI: 3.21-3.86)] and @entity0 [1.87 (95% CI: 1.79-1.96)], and did not change significantly when analyzed according to @entity2 status. Subset analysis adjusted for age, other illicit drugs, and race remained significant for @entity0 [1.45 (95% CI: 1.27-1.66)], but not @entity0 . @entity0 with substance use disorder and @entity1 were nearly 18 years younger than @entity1 @entity0 without a drug exposure history. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests the use of @entity5 and possibly other illicit drugs are predictive of @entity1 . Should the association of substance use disorder ( @entity5 or @entity5 /poly-drug abuse) and @entity4 be verified, it represents a potentially modifiable risk factor for @entity3 .

title: Substance use disorder and the risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 2 @entity1 is a strong risk factor for @entity4 and @entity7 . It is associated with reduced baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity9 ) and heart rate variability (HRV), which are indicators of increased risk for mortality and morbidity in various @entity0 populations. This study was designed to assess the effects of exercise training on @entity9 , HRV, and hemodynamics in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 . Subjects (50 @entity0 , mean age 53.3 +/- 5.1 years) with @entity3 2 @entity1 were randomized into either a control group, in which they received conventional treatment only, or an exercise group, in which they received conventional treatment together with heart rate-controlled endurance training twice a week and supervised muscle strength training twice a week for 12 months. Measurements taken at baseline and follow-up included VO(2max), standard time and frequency domain measures of HRV during 24-h recording, and @entity9 by the @entity8 method. Cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, @entity2 index, and pulse wave velocity were measured by whole-body impedance cardiography. Significant improvements in VO(2max) (exercise group: +2.3 ml x kg(-1) x @entity6 ); P < 0.005 vs. control group), muscle strength, and glycemic control (exercise group: HbA(1c) -0.9%; P < 0.001 vs. control group) were observed in the exercise group. @entity9 increased in the exercise group, from 6.8 to 8.6 ms/mmHg, and decreased in the control group, from 7.5 to 6.4 ms/mmHg (95% CI for the difference between 0.05 and 4.36 ms/mmHg; P < 0.05). No significant changes in the time or frequency domain measures of HRV or in systemic hemodynamics were observed. We concluded that exercise training improves @entity9 sensitivity in @entity3 2 @entity1 subjects in addition to increasing the exercise capacity and muscle strength and improving @entity5 control. These beneficial effects in reflectory autonomic regulation and @entity5 control caused by exercise may be associated with improved prognosis of @entity3 2 @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Exercise training improves baroreflex sensitivity in XXXX 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 2 @entity1 is a strong risk factor for @entity4 and @entity7 . It is associated with reduced baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity9 ) and heart rate variability (HRV), which are indicators of increased risk for mortality and morbidity in various @entity0 populations. This study was designed to assess the effects of exercise training on @entity9 , HRV, and hemodynamics in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 . Subjects (50 @entity0 , mean age 53.3 +/- 5.1 years) with @entity3 2 @entity1 were randomized into either a control group, in which they received conventional treatment only, or an exercise group, in which they received conventional treatment together with heart rate-controlled endurance training twice a week and supervised muscle strength training twice a week for 12 months. Measurements taken at baseline and follow-up included VO(2max), standard time and frequency domain measures of HRV during 24-h recording, and @entity9 by the @entity8 method. Cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, @entity2 index, and pulse wave velocity were measured by whole-body impedance cardiography. Significant improvements in VO(2max) (exercise group: +2.3 ml x kg(-1) x @entity6 ); P < 0.005 vs. control group), muscle strength, and glycemic control (exercise group: HbA(1c) -0.9%; P < 0.001 vs. control group) were observed in the exercise group. @entity9 increased in the exercise group, from 6.8 to 8.6 ms/mmHg, and decreased in the control group, from 7.5 to 6.4 ms/mmHg (95% CI for the difference between 0.05 and 4.36 ms/mmHg; P < 0.05). No significant changes in the time or frequency domain measures of HRV or in systemic hemodynamics were observed. We concluded that exercise training improves @entity9 sensitivity in @entity3 2 @entity1 subjects in addition to increasing the exercise capacity and muscle strength and improving @entity5 control. These beneficial effects in reflectory autonomic regulation and @entity5 control caused by exercise may be associated with improved prognosis of @entity3 2 @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Exercise training improves baroreflex sensitivity in @entity3 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 are chemotherapy-sensitive @entity1 , with two thirds of @entity0 responding to combination chemotherapy with @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity5 ( @entity4 ). @entity6 ( @entity7 ), a new alkylating and methylating agent, has demonstrated high response rates in @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 . We investigated @entity7 as first-line chemotherapy in recurrent @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) after surgery and radiation therapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: In a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter, phase II trial, @entity0 were treated with 200 mg/m2 of @entity7 on days 1 through 5 in 28-day cycles for 12 cycles. @entity0 with a recurrence after prior surgery and radiotherapy, and with measurable and enhancing disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were eligible for this study. @entity0 with large lesions and mass effect or with new clinical deficits were not eligible. Pathology and the MRI scans of all responding @entity0 were centrally reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-eight eligible @entity0 were included. In three @entity0 , pathology review did not confirm the presence of an @entity1 or @entity3 . @entity7 was generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects were hematologic; only one @entity0 discontinued treatment for @entity2 . In 20 (52.6%) of 38 @entity0 (95% exact confidence interval, 35.8% to 69.0%), a complete (n = 10) or partial response to @entity7 was observed. The median time to progression was 10.4 months for all @entity0 and 13.2 months for responding @entity0 . At 12 months from the start of treatment, 40% of @entity0 were still free from progression. CONCLUSION: @entity7 provides an excellent response rate with good tolerability in chemotherapy-naive @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 . A randomized phase III study comparing @entity4 with @entity7 is warranted.

title: Phase II study of first-line chemotherapy with XXXX in recurrent @entity1 : the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group Study 26971.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 are chemotherapy-sensitive @entity1 , with two thirds of @entity0 responding to combination chemotherapy with @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity5 ( @entity4 ). @entity6 ( @entity7 ), a new alkylating and methylating agent, has demonstrated high response rates in @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 . We investigated @entity7 as first-line chemotherapy in recurrent @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) after surgery and radiation therapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: In a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter, phase II trial, @entity0 were treated with 200 mg/m2 of @entity7 on days 1 through 5 in 28-day cycles for 12 cycles. @entity0 with a recurrence after prior surgery and radiotherapy, and with measurable and enhancing disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were eligible for this study. @entity0 with large lesions and mass effect or with new clinical deficits were not eligible. Pathology and the MRI scans of all responding @entity0 were centrally reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-eight eligible @entity0 were included. In three @entity0 , pathology review did not confirm the presence of an @entity1 or @entity3 . @entity7 was generally well tolerated. The most frequent side effects were hematologic; only one @entity0 discontinued treatment for @entity2 . In 20 (52.6%) of 38 @entity0 (95% exact confidence interval, 35.8% to 69.0%), a complete (n = 10) or partial response to @entity7 was observed. The median time to progression was 10.4 months for all @entity0 and 13.2 months for responding @entity0 . At 12 months from the start of treatment, 40% of @entity0 were still free from progression. CONCLUSION: @entity7 provides an excellent response rate with good tolerability in chemotherapy-naive @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 . A randomized phase III study comparing @entity4 with @entity7 is warranted.

title: Phase II study of first-line chemotherapy with @entity6 in recurrent XXXX : the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group Study 26971.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Various types of disease activity measures are available for @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and there is no gold standard for all individual @entity0 . The @entity1 activity score (ASDAS) is highly discriminatory, sensitive to change, and associated with structural progression. A simplified version of the ASDAS (SASDAS) was proposed and found to be a simple and practical tool to assess disease activity. Our aim was to test the performance characteristics of the SASDAS and compare it with validated tools. In total, 97 consecutive @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 were included in the study. Disease activity was assessed by the ASDAS-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), bath @entity1 activity index (BASDAI), and SASDAS. The relationship among these activity indices and the level of agreement of various activity categories were tested. There was a strong correlation between the SASDAS and other activity indices, including the BASDAI (r   =   0.916, p   <   0.001), @entity2 (r   =   0.847, p   <   0.001), and ASDAS-ESR (r   =   0.942, p   <   0.001). Although the agreement between the ASDAS-ESR and SASDAS was good (weighted kappa of 0.744 and total agreement of 77  %), there was moderate agreement between the ASDAS- @entity2 and SASDAS (weighted kappa of 0.579 and total agreement of 66  %). The disagreement was particularly striking in "moderate" and "high disease activity" states. Approximately 40  % of @entity0 classified as moderate activity according to the ASDAS-ESR and 45  % according to the @entity2 were differentially categorized by the SASDAS. The results of the present analysis suggest that the simplified version of the ASDAS-ESR should be further validated in various settings and populations due to a questionable level of agreement between the @entity2 and SASDAS.

title: Performance characteristics of the simplified version of XXXX activity score (SASDAS).

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To understand the mechanisms of @entity2 and to target prevention, we need to know how risk factors differ between etiological subtypes. Hospital-based studies may be biased because not all @entity2 @entity0 are admitted. If risk factors differ between @entity0 who are admitted and those who are not, then case-control studies will be biased. If the likelihood of admission also depends on @entity2 subtype, then case-case comparisons may also be biased. METHODS: We compared risk factors and @entity5 subtypes (TOAST classification) in hospitalized and nonhospitalized @entity0 in 2 population-based @entity2 incidence studies: the Oxford Vascular Study (OXVASC) and Oxfordshire @entity2 Project (OCSP). We also performed a meta-analysis of risk factor- @entity2 subtype associations with other published population-based studies. RESULTS: In OXVASC and OCSP, @entity2 subtypes differed between hospitalized (293 of 647) and nonhospitalized @entity0 (P<0.0001), with more @entity2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.6) and fewer @entity2 (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.7). Premorbid blood pressure and @entity4 were higher in hospitalized @entity0 (both P<0.0001). Risk factor- @entity2 subtype associations in hospitalized @entity0 were consequently biased (P=0.001). Meta-analysis of data from all @entity0 in OXVASC, OCSP, and 2 other studies demonstrated consistent risk factor- @entity2 subtype associations. However, contrary to previous hospital-based studies, there was only a weak (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8) and inconsistent (P(heterogeneity)=0.01) association between small-vessel @entity2 and @entity3 and no association with @entity1 (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.3). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalences of risk factors and @entity2 subtypes differ between hospitalized and nonhospitalized @entity0 with @entity5 , which may bias hospital-based risk factor studies. Meta-analysis of population-based studies suggests that vascular risk factors differ between @entity2 subtypes.

title: Differences in vascular risk factors between etiological subtypes of XXXX : importance of population-based studies.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity4 following penetrating @entity1 is rare and treatment is usually surgical ligation. Recent liberal use of angiography in the evaluation of penetrating neck @entity1 has identified increasing numbers of @entity0 with this @entity1 . This report describes our recent experience in treating @entity0 with @entity4 . The purposes of this study were (1) to review the outcome of our @entity0 with @entity4 , and (2) to develop an approach for managing these @entity0 . Sixteen @entity0 were treated over a 9-year period. Three @entity0 underwent emergent operative exploration for @entity3 , three underwent transcatheter embolization alone, and ten were managed conservatively by close clinical observation. No @entity2 occurred. Ligation was performed for @entity1 discovered during neck exploration, however, @entity3 was sometimes persistent despite proximal control. In our center, where radiological support is readily available, temporary control of @entity3 by packing with hemostatic agents allowed subsequent transcatheter embolization of the injured artery. @entity5 , arteriovenous fistulae, and extravasations discovered angiographically were usually managed by transcatheter embolization. @entity0 with vertebral artery narrowings or occlusions were managed by close clinical observation.

title: Extraluminal, transluminal, and observational treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Six cases of isolated avulsions of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus were encountered within a short period of time. Although it seldom has been described in the literature, it might be a more common @entity3 than suspected. Physical examination revealed a @entity2 shoulder with limited function in all six @entity0 . In retrospect, all diagnoses could have been made on the primary plain roentgenograms. However, the fragment of the lesser tuberosity was easily misdiagnosed. An axillary view showed the fragment clearly in all cases. Computed tomography is useful for making an accurate diagnosis because it establishes the size and displacement of the fragment and determines additional injuries, such as a @entity4 . Five @entity0 with displacement of the lesser tuberosity were operated on after several weeks or months. The lesser tuberosity was reattached in all cases. After 6 months three @entity0 had slight impairment of elevation and external rotation, and one of them suffered from @entity2 during movements of the arm. The @entity0 with no @entity3 was treated conservatively with a good result. In conclusion, we recommended an axillary roentgenogram as part of the posttrauma radiologic series of the shoulder. A nondisplaced @entity1 @entity3 of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus can be treated conservatively. We recommend reattachment of displaced @entity3 .

title: Isolated @entity1 XXXX of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Six cases of isolated avulsions of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus were encountered within a short period of time. Although it seldom has been described in the literature, it might be a more common @entity3 than suspected. Physical examination revealed a @entity2 shoulder with limited function in all six @entity0 . In retrospect, all diagnoses could have been made on the primary plain roentgenograms. However, the fragment of the lesser tuberosity was easily misdiagnosed. An axillary view showed the fragment clearly in all cases. Computed tomography is useful for making an accurate diagnosis because it establishes the size and displacement of the fragment and determines additional injuries, such as a @entity4 . Five @entity0 with displacement of the lesser tuberosity were operated on after several weeks or months. The lesser tuberosity was reattached in all cases. After 6 months three @entity0 had slight impairment of elevation and external rotation, and one of them suffered from @entity2 during movements of the arm. The @entity0 with no @entity3 was treated conservatively with a good result. In conclusion, we recommended an axillary roentgenogram as part of the posttrauma radiologic series of the shoulder. A nondisplaced @entity1 @entity3 of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus can be treated conservatively. We recommend reattachment of displaced @entity3 .

title: Isolated XXXX @entity3 of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate adherence to a soy-based diet among premenopausal @entity0 . DESIGN: First year of a 2-year, randomized dietary intervention. SUBJECTS: 220 healthy premenopausal @entity0 who reported low baseline soy intake. INTERVENTION: 5 counseling visits, 7 follow-up phone calls, and 12 group meetings. Main outcome measures Self-reported soy intake logs; food frequency questionnaires; repeated, randomly timed 24-hour recalls; and analysis of urinary @entity1 excretion by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Statistical analyses Frequency distributions, means, t tests, and mixed effects models. RESULTS: At baseline, the 2 groups did not differ in dietary soy intake (P=.51) or urinary @entity1 excretion (P=.16). According to the 24-hour recalls and the food frequency questionnaires, the intervention group's estimated @entity1 intake increased more than 10 times compared with baseline and with the control group (P<.0001). During follow-up, urinary @entity1 excretion results showed no change in the control group, but a 6-fold increase for intervention subjects (P<.0001). Intake logs showed a strong preference for soymilk and tofu over the other foods and indicated that intervention @entity0 consumed at least 12 servings of soy foods per week during 84 out of 100 follow-up contacts. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate a high level of compliance with the study regimen, which we attribute to the following strategies: repeated contact with the study subjects, personal relationships with the dietitians, wide choice of soy foods, easy access to soy foods at no cost, and recipes that allowed substitution of previously eaten foods with soy products.

title: Three measures show high compliance in a soy intervention among premenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Pacemaker implantation is a standard recommendation for @entity0 with persistent complete @entity3 following surgery for @entity1 . This study was performed to determine the incidence and clinical significance of late recovery of atrioventricular conduction following pacemaker implantation. METHODS: Between 1990 and 2001, 5662 open cardiac procedures for @entity8 were performed at our institution. The postoperative course of all @entity0 with complete @entity3 in whom a permanent pacemaker was implanted was followed on a monthly basis, by either clinical or transtelephonic follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 72 @entity0 with persistent @entity3 underwent pacemaker implantation. After insertion of the pacemaker, recovery of atrioventricular conduction was recognized in 7 of 72 @entity0 (9.6%) at a median of 41 days (18-113 days) after the initial cardiac operation. These included 3 @entity0 with @entity6 , 2 with ventricular inversion or single ventricle, and 1 each with @entity7 and @entity2 . During a mean follow-up of 4.4 +/- 2.6 years, there was no late recurrence of @entity3 . Three @entity0 had residual @entity5 and 1 had first-degree @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Atrioventricular conduction may return in a small but significant percentage of @entity0 following pacemaker implantation for complete @entity3 associated with congenital heart surgery. When recovery of atrioventricular conduction occurs within the first months after surgery it appears reliable, which suggests that lifelong cardiac pacing may not be necessary in these individuals.

title: Late recovery of atrioventricular conduction after pacemaker implantation for complete XXXX associated with surgery for @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Pacemaker implantation is a standard recommendation for @entity0 with persistent complete @entity3 following surgery for @entity1 . This study was performed to determine the incidence and clinical significance of late recovery of atrioventricular conduction following pacemaker implantation. METHODS: Between 1990 and 2001, 5662 open cardiac procedures for @entity8 were performed at our institution. The postoperative course of all @entity0 with complete @entity3 in whom a permanent pacemaker was implanted was followed on a monthly basis, by either clinical or transtelephonic follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 72 @entity0 with persistent @entity3 underwent pacemaker implantation. After insertion of the pacemaker, recovery of atrioventricular conduction was recognized in 7 of 72 @entity0 (9.6%) at a median of 41 days (18-113 days) after the initial cardiac operation. These included 3 @entity0 with @entity6 , 2 with ventricular inversion or single ventricle, and 1 each with @entity7 and @entity2 . During a mean follow-up of 4.4 +/- 2.6 years, there was no late recurrence of @entity3 . Three @entity0 had residual @entity5 and 1 had first-degree @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Atrioventricular conduction may return in a small but significant percentage of @entity0 following pacemaker implantation for complete @entity3 associated with congenital heart surgery. When recovery of atrioventricular conduction occurs within the first months after surgery it appears reliable, which suggests that lifelong cardiac pacing may not be necessary in these individuals.

title: Late recovery of atrioventricular conduction after pacemaker implantation for complete @entity3 associated with surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The importance of early diagnosis in @entity0 with a mild form of @entity2 should be emphasized. If applied sufficiently early, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or recombinant enzyme therapy may improve the prognosis. At present, however, diagnosis of the mild form of @entity2 tends to be delayed, especially in @entity0 with relatively normal intelligence. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the occurrence of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 , and to clarify the relationship between the @entity3 and @entity2 clinically and histopathologically. METHODS: Seven Japanese @entity0 with @entity2 who had received HSCT at ages 4-11 years were observed. The cutaneous manifestations of @entity3 before HSCT were evaluated, and compared with those after HSCT. In two @entity0 , the @entity1 from the @entity3 was examined by light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: Pre-HSCT observation revealed that all the @entity0 had an extensive @entity3 . These were present at birth and have shown no signs of resolution during the post-HSCT period. Electron microscopic findings showed that pigment-bearing dermal melanocytes contained many free melanosomes in stage IV. These were surrounded by extracellular sheaths and encircled by elastic fibres. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate a strong clinical correlation between the extensive @entity3 and @entity2 . Ultrastructural findings also clearly suggest that the @entity1 is a long-lasting symptom. The recognition of the extensive @entity3 is essential as it may lead to early diagnosis in @entity0 with a mild form of @entity2 .

title: Significance of extensive XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The importance of early diagnosis in @entity0 with a mild form of @entity2 should be emphasized. If applied sufficiently early, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or recombinant enzyme therapy may improve the prognosis. At present, however, diagnosis of the mild form of @entity2 tends to be delayed, especially in @entity0 with relatively normal intelligence. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the occurrence of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 , and to clarify the relationship between the @entity3 and @entity2 clinically and histopathologically. METHODS: Seven Japanese @entity0 with @entity2 who had received HSCT at ages 4-11 years were observed. The cutaneous manifestations of @entity3 before HSCT were evaluated, and compared with those after HSCT. In two @entity0 , the @entity1 from the @entity3 was examined by light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: Pre-HSCT observation revealed that all the @entity0 had an extensive @entity3 . These were present at birth and have shown no signs of resolution during the post-HSCT period. Electron microscopic findings showed that pigment-bearing dermal melanocytes contained many free melanosomes in stage IV. These were surrounded by extracellular sheaths and encircled by elastic fibres. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate a strong clinical correlation between the extensive @entity3 and @entity2 . Ultrastructural findings also clearly suggest that the @entity1 is a long-lasting symptom. The recognition of the extensive @entity3 is essential as it may lead to early diagnosis in @entity0 with a mild form of @entity2 .

title: Significance of extensive @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 significantly improved @entity2 in comparison with placebo. Objectives This randomized controlled trial was designed to show a non-inferiority of 15% (primary end-point) of @entity6 8% ointment compared with @entity4 2% emulsion. METHODS: The study population comprised out- @entity0 who had @entity3 for at least 2 months, with moderate to severe @entity5 and desquamation at inclusion. The primary end-point was complete remission, defined as the disappearance of both @entity5 and desquamation. The non-inferiority of @entity1 was assessed on the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference between treatments. RESULTS: The intent-to-treat analysis (ITT) involved 288 @entity0 and the per protocol (PP) analysis 269 @entity0 . Treatment groups were comparable at baseline on age, sex, disease duration and symptoms. For the main criterion, the success rate was 52.0% ( @entity1 ) vs. 30.1% ( @entity4 ) in the ITT population and 53.2% ( @entity1 ) vs. 30.7% ( @entity4 ) in the PP population. The non-inferiority of @entity1 was demonstrated with differences of 21.9% (95% CI 10.0-33.7%) and 22.5% (95% CI 10.2-34.8%), respectively, in the ITT and PP population. As the lower limit of the 95% CI was > 0, the superiority of @entity1 was shown. @entity1 also showed better results on other symptoms: burning and dryness. Adverse events were reported by 26.3% ( @entity1 ) and 25% ( @entity4 ) of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 was 22% more effective than @entity4 in giving complete remission of @entity2 , with comparable safety.

title: @entity6 8% vs XXXX 2% in the treatment of @entity2 : a multicentre, randomized study.

answer: @entity4