abstract: IMPORTANCE: The @entity8 variant in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 gene ( @entity7 ), a modulator of the immune response of microglia, is a strong genetic risk factor for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and possibly other @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate a large family with late-onset @entity2 (LOAD), in which @entity8 cosegregated with 75% of cases. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : This study includes genetic and pathologic studies of families with LOAD from 1985 to 2014. A total of 131 families with LOAD (751 individuals) were included from the University of Washington @entity2 Research Center. To identify LOAD genes/risk factors in the LOAD123 family with 21 affected members and 12 autopsies, we sequenced 4 exomes. Candidate variants were tested for cosegregation with the disease. @entity7 @entity8 was genotyped in an additional 130 families with LOAD. We performed clinical and neuropathological assessments of @entity0 with and without @entity8 and evaluated the variant's effect on brain pathology, cellular morphology, and expression of microglial markers. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: We assessed the effect of @entity7 genotype on age at onset and disease duration. We compared Braak and Consortium to Establish a Registry for @entity2 scores, presence of a-synuclein and @entity5 aggregates, and additional vascular or Parkinson pathology in @entity7 @entity8 carriers vs noncarriers. Microglial activation was assessed by quantitative immunohistochemistry and morphometry. RESULTS: Twelve of 16 @entity0 with @entity2 in the LOAD123 family carried @entity8 . Eleven @entity0 with @entity3 had @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity8 genotypes. We also found a rare missense variant, @entity9 , in a nominated @entity2 risk gene, @entity10 ( @entity10 ), in 5 affected individuals in the LOAD123 family. @entity8 carriers demonstrated a shortened disease duration (mean [SD], 6.7 [2.8] vs 11.1 [6.6] years; 2-tailed t test; P   =   .04) and more frequent a-synucleinopathy. The panmicroglial marker ionized @entity4 -binding adapter molecule 1 was decreased in all @entity2 cases and the decrease was most pronounced in @entity8 carriers (mean [SD], in the hilus: 0.114 [0.13] for @entity8 _AD vs 0.574 [0.26] for control individuals; 2-tailed t test; P   =   .005 and vs 0.465 [0.32] for @entity2 ; P   =   .02; in frontal cortex gray matter: 0.006 [0.004] for @entity8 _AD vs 0.016 [0.01] for @entity2 ; P   =   .04 and vs 0.033 [0.013] for control individuals; P   <   .001). Major histocompatibility complex class II, a marker of microglial activation, was increased in all @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 , @entity8 _AD: 2.7, and control: 1.0; P   <   .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our results demonstrate a complex genetic landscape of LOAD, even in a single pedigree with an apparent autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. @entity6 , @entity7 @entity8 , and rare variants in other genes, such as @entity10 @entity9 , are likely responsible for the notable occurrence of @entity2 in this family. Our findings support the role of the @entity7 receptor in microglial clearance of aggregation-prone proteins that is compromised in @entity8 carriers and may accelerate the course of disease.

title: R47H Variant of XXXX Associated With @entity2 in a Large Late-Onset Family: Clinical, Genetic, and Neuropathological Study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The @entity8 variant in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 gene ( @entity7 ), a modulator of the immune response of microglia, is a strong genetic risk factor for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and possibly other @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate a large family with late-onset @entity2 (LOAD), in which @entity8 cosegregated with 75% of cases. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : This study includes genetic and pathologic studies of families with LOAD from 1985 to 2014. A total of 131 families with LOAD (751 individuals) were included from the University of Washington @entity2 Research Center. To identify LOAD genes/risk factors in the LOAD123 family with 21 affected members and 12 autopsies, we sequenced 4 exomes. Candidate variants were tested for cosegregation with the disease. @entity7 @entity8 was genotyped in an additional 130 families with LOAD. We performed clinical and neuropathological assessments of @entity0 with and without @entity8 and evaluated the variant's effect on brain pathology, cellular morphology, and expression of microglial markers. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: We assessed the effect of @entity7 genotype on age at onset and disease duration. We compared Braak and Consortium to Establish a Registry for @entity2 scores, presence of a-synuclein and @entity5 aggregates, and additional vascular or Parkinson pathology in @entity7 @entity8 carriers vs noncarriers. Microglial activation was assessed by quantitative immunohistochemistry and morphometry. RESULTS: Twelve of 16 @entity0 with @entity2 in the LOAD123 family carried @entity8 . Eleven @entity0 with @entity3 had @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity8 genotypes. We also found a rare missense variant, @entity9 , in a nominated @entity2 risk gene, @entity10 ( @entity10 ), in 5 affected individuals in the LOAD123 family. @entity8 carriers demonstrated a shortened disease duration (mean [SD], 6.7 [2.8] vs 11.1 [6.6] years; 2-tailed t test; P   =   .04) and more frequent a-synucleinopathy. The panmicroglial marker ionized @entity4 -binding adapter molecule 1 was decreased in all @entity2 cases and the decrease was most pronounced in @entity8 carriers (mean [SD], in the hilus: 0.114 [0.13] for @entity8 _AD vs 0.574 [0.26] for control individuals; 2-tailed t test; P   =   .005 and vs 0.465 [0.32] for @entity2 ; P   =   .02; in frontal cortex gray matter: 0.006 [0.004] for @entity8 _AD vs 0.016 [0.01] for @entity2 ; P   =   .04 and vs 0.033 [0.013] for control individuals; P   <   .001). Major histocompatibility complex class II, a marker of microglial activation, was increased in all @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 , @entity8 _AD: 2.7, and control: 1.0; P   <   .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our results demonstrate a complex genetic landscape of LOAD, even in a single pedigree with an apparent autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. @entity6 , @entity7 @entity8 , and rare variants in other genes, such as @entity10 @entity9 , are likely responsible for the notable occurrence of @entity2 in this family. Our findings support the role of the @entity7 receptor in microglial clearance of aggregation-prone proteins that is compromised in @entity8 carriers and may accelerate the course of disease.

title: R47H Variant of @entity7 Associated With XXXX in a Large Late-Onset Family: Clinical, Genetic, and Neuropathological Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Aromatase expression has been described in stromal cells of @entity1 , @entity5 and @entity3 . We analyzed aromatase expression in a series of 23 low-grade @entity6 . Archival formalin-fixed and @entity2 -embedded material was analyzed with immunohistochemistry. Aromatase expression was evaluated with a monoclonal and a polyclonal antibody using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. A score was calculated based on the percentage of positive @entity0 cells and the staining intensity. Aromatase was seen in 19 (83%) of 23 @entity0 with monoclonal antibody and 20 (87%) of 23 @entity0 with polyclonal antibody. Aromatase expression using the monoclonal antibody was scored as high in five (22%), moderate in nine (39%) and low in five (22%) @entity0 . Four (17%) low-grade @entity6 did not stain for aromatase. Aromatase expression with the polyclonal antibody was scored as high in seven (31%), moderate in four (17%) and low in nine (39%) @entity0 . Three (13%) low-grade @entity6 did not stain for aromatase. Little or no aromatase expression tended to correlate with stage I disease, while higher scores were more frequently associated with @entity4 . Our results demonstrate that most low-grade @entity6 express aromatase. The staining pattern, however, is heterogeneous. The high percentage of aromatase positivity in low-grade @entity6 may have implications in the management of these @entity0 and offer new treatment modalities such as hormonal therapy with aromatase inhibitors.

title: Aromatase expression in low-grade XXXX : an immunohistochemical study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity7 are biologically aggressive @entity1 with extensive local invasion and high mortality. Although various markers of cellular proliferation and apoptosis have correlated with degrees of @entity1 differentiation @entity0 , they have not been systematically studied in thymic @entity1 . We immunostained 21 cases of thymic @entity1 for @entity4 , @entity5 , and the apoptosis-related markers @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity3 . By histological classification the cases were low-grade (nine cases), intermediate-grade (eight cases), and high-grade (four cases) thymic @entity1 . @entity4 was expressed in five cases: 1/9 low grade, 3/8 intermediate grade, and 2/4 high grade. The mean cellular proliferation ( @entity5 ) was 7.1% (range 2-12%) in @entity7 , 6.1% (range 2-15%) in intermediate-grade thymic @entity1 , and 34.2% (range 2-80%) in high-grade thymic @entity1 . @entity2 was expressed in 16 cases: 7/9 low grade, 5/8 intermediate grade, and 4/4 high grade. @entity6 was expressed in 16 cases: 7/9 low grade, 6/8 intermediate grade, and 3/4 high grade. @entity3 was expressed in 13 cases: 5/9 low grade, 4/8 intermediate grade, and 4/4 high grade. The presence of mutant @entity4 in the @entity1 was associated with a statistically significant decreased mean survival (P<0.05). In contrast, either by positive or negative staining or by the score technique (staining intensity x percentage of cells staining), the presence of @entity6 was associated with an increased mean survival (P<0.05). Finally, a @entity6 : @entity3 ratio >or=1 was also associated with an increased mean survival, as compared to a @entity6 : @entity3 ratio >or=1 (P<0.05). Our study shows that @entity4 expression and certain apoptosis markers correlate with survival. The expression of these markers may account for differences in biological behavior.

title: @entity4 , cellular proliferation, and apoptosis-related XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 are biologically aggressive @entity1 with extensive local invasion and high mortality. Although various markers of cellular proliferation and apoptosis have correlated with degrees of @entity1 differentiation @entity0 , they have not been systematically studied in thymic @entity1 . We immunostained 21 cases of thymic @entity1 for @entity4 , @entity5 , and the apoptosis-related markers @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity3 . By histological classification the cases were low-grade (nine cases), intermediate-grade (eight cases), and high-grade (four cases) thymic @entity1 . @entity4 was expressed in five cases: 1/9 low grade, 3/8 intermediate grade, and 2/4 high grade. The mean cellular proliferation ( @entity5 ) was 7.1% (range 2-12%) in @entity7 , 6.1% (range 2-15%) in intermediate-grade thymic @entity1 , and 34.2% (range 2-80%) in high-grade thymic @entity1 . @entity2 was expressed in 16 cases: 7/9 low grade, 5/8 intermediate grade, and 4/4 high grade. @entity6 was expressed in 16 cases: 7/9 low grade, 6/8 intermediate grade, and 3/4 high grade. @entity3 was expressed in 13 cases: 5/9 low grade, 4/8 intermediate grade, and 4/4 high grade. The presence of mutant @entity4 in the @entity1 was associated with a statistically significant decreased mean survival (P<0.05). In contrast, either by positive or negative staining or by the score technique (staining intensity x percentage of cells staining), the presence of @entity6 was associated with an increased mean survival (P<0.05). Finally, a @entity6 : @entity3 ratio >or=1 was also associated with an increased mean survival, as compared to a @entity6 : @entity3 ratio >or=1 (P<0.05). Our study shows that @entity4 expression and certain apoptosis markers correlate with survival. The expression of these markers may account for differences in biological behavior.

title: XXXX , cellular proliferation, and apoptosis-related @entity7 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study assessed the effect of the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast on hypertonic saline-induced @entity2 . A total of 29 @entity0 with @entity1 (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 42+/-4% predicted) received either 10 mg montelukast and 3 h later placebo via @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (M), or placebo and 3 h later 200 microg @entity3 (S), or two doses of placebo (P), in a randomised order. @entity0 inhaled @entity3 1 h after @entity4 and the challenge was performed 15 min later (3% saline, 5 min). Data are given as per cent changes versus baseline. Compared to P, S caused significant bronchodilation in FEV1 (7.3%) and forced inspiratory volume in one second (FIV1) (4.5%), and M in FIV1 (1.5%). The saline-induced fall in FEV1 was lower after M (-5.8%), compared with S (-10.3%) and P (-13.1%). FEV1 (11.3%) and FIV1 (7.6%) was improved over baseline after recovery by M but not P and S. Recovery times regarding FEV1 (8.5 min) and FIV1 (15.2 min) were shortest after M, respective values for S being 16.8 and 20.4 min, and for P 15.9 and 21.2 min. Effects were strongest in @entity0 with low baseline FEV1 and/or inhaled corticosteroids. Data from this study indicate beneficial effects of montelukast on hypertonic saline-induced airway responses in @entity0 with @entity1 , particularly those with severe disease. The major effect was an accelerated recovery leading to values above baseline.

title: Montelukast attenuates the airway response to hypertonic saline in moderate-to-severe XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 is a @entity1 with a major impact on the quality of life. Therapeutic options were long restricted to local disinfectants and systemic antibiotics, as well as repeated incision and drainage which produce only short term benefits. @entity4 , antiandrogens and radiation therapy are only partially successful. The best approach appears to be surgical removal of the entire apocrine sweat gland apparatus. @entity3 is used in dermatology to treat inflammatory dermatoses such as @entity7 and @entity6 , and was formerly the treatment of choice for @entity5 . We report its successful use in @entity2 . Five female @entity0 aged 23-40 years with @entity2 for a mean of 9.6 years were included. All @entity0 showed an almost complete resolution of their symptoms within 2-4 weeks. All @entity0 rated the treatment results with @entity3 as good or very good. The treatment was well tolerated and no important side effects occurred. Because of its lack of teratogenicity, @entity3 may be the most favorable treatment option in young @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: [ @entity2 : a XXXX -sensitive dermatosis].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 is a @entity1 with a major impact on the quality of life. Therapeutic options were long restricted to local disinfectants and systemic antibiotics, as well as repeated incision and drainage which produce only short term benefits. @entity4 , antiandrogens and radiation therapy are only partially successful. The best approach appears to be surgical removal of the entire apocrine sweat gland apparatus. @entity3 is used in dermatology to treat inflammatory dermatoses such as @entity7 and @entity6 , and was formerly the treatment of choice for @entity5 . We report its successful use in @entity2 . Five female @entity0 aged 23-40 years with @entity2 for a mean of 9.6 years were included. All @entity0 showed an almost complete resolution of their symptoms within 2-4 weeks. All @entity0 rated the treatment results with @entity3 as good or very good. The treatment was well tolerated and no important side effects occurred. Because of its lack of teratogenicity, @entity3 may be the most favorable treatment option in young @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: [ XXXX : a @entity3 -sensitive dermatosis].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We present an update of a previously reported Late Effects Study Group cohort of 1,380 @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) diagnosed between 1955 and 1986 in @entity1 aged 16 years or younger. We describe the pattern and incidence of subsequent @entity3 (SNs) occurring with extended follow-up. @entity1 AND METHODS: Median age at diagnosis of @entity6 was 11.7 years (range, 0.3 to 16.9 years) and at last follow-up was 27.8 years. Median length of follow-up was 17.0 years. RESULTS: An additional 103 SNs were ascertained (total SNs = 212). The cohort was at an 18.5-fold increased risk of developing SNs compared with the general population (standardized incidence ratio [ @entity4 ], 18.5, 95% CI, 15.6 to 21.7). The cumulative incidence of any second @entity3 was 10.6% at 20 years, increasing to 26.3% at 30 years; and of solid @entity3 was 7.3% at 20 years, increasing to 23.5% at 30 years. @entity0 was the most common solid @entity3 ( @entity4 , 56.7). Other commonly occurring @entity4 ( @entity4 , 36.4), @entity8 ( @entity4 , 37.1), and colorectal ( @entity4 , 36.4), lung ( @entity4 , 27.3), and @entity5 ( @entity4 , 63.9). Risk factors for solid @entity3 included young age at @entity6 and radiation-based therapy. Thirty-two @entity1 developed third @entity3 , with the cumulative incidence approaching 21% at 10 years from diagnosis of second @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Additional follow-up of this large cohort of @entity6 survivors documents an increasing occurrence of known radiation-associated solid @entity3 , ( @entity0 ), as well as emergence of @entity7 common in adults, ( @entity2 ) at a younger age than expected in the general population, necessitating ongoing surveillance of this high risk population.

title: High risk of subsequent @entity3 continues with extended follow-up of childhood XXXX : report from the Late Effects Study Group.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: We present an update of a previously reported Late Effects Study Group cohort of 1,380 @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) diagnosed between 1955 and 1986 in @entity1 aged 16 years or younger. We describe the pattern and incidence of subsequent @entity3 (SNs) occurring with extended follow-up. @entity1 AND METHODS: Median age at diagnosis of @entity6 was 11.7 years (range, 0.3 to 16.9 years) and at last follow-up was 27.8 years. Median length of follow-up was 17.0 years. RESULTS: An additional 103 SNs were ascertained (total SNs = 212). The cohort was at an 18.5-fold increased risk of developing SNs compared with the general population (standardized incidence ratio [ @entity4 ], 18.5, 95% CI, 15.6 to 21.7). The cumulative incidence of any second @entity3 was 10.6% at 20 years, increasing to 26.3% at 30 years; and of solid @entity3 was 7.3% at 20 years, increasing to 23.5% at 30 years. @entity0 was the most common solid @entity3 ( @entity4 , 56.7). Other commonly occurring @entity4 ( @entity4 , 36.4), @entity8 ( @entity4 , 37.1), and colorectal ( @entity4 , 36.4), lung ( @entity4 , 27.3), and @entity5 ( @entity4 , 63.9). Risk factors for solid @entity3 included young age at @entity6 and radiation-based therapy. Thirty-two @entity1 developed third @entity3 , with the cumulative incidence approaching 21% at 10 years from diagnosis of second @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Additional follow-up of this large cohort of @entity6 survivors documents an increasing occurrence of known radiation-associated solid @entity3 , ( @entity0 ), as well as emergence of @entity7 common in adults, ( @entity2 ) at a younger age than expected in the general population, necessitating ongoing surveillance of this high risk population.

title: High risk of subsequent XXXX continues with extended follow-up of childhood @entity6 : report from the Late Effects Study Group.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment of intra-medullary @entity2 . METHODS: Ten intramedullary epidermoid cysts were confirmed by operatively and pathologically from 1978 to 1995. RESULTS: The @entity1 were located in the spinal cord. Clinical presentation of this @entity1 was not specific. On CT scans, eight @entity1 were characterized by a homogenous low-density lesion and well-defined limits. They usually did not enhance with contrast medium. On MR imaging, four @entity1 were characterized by an important variability of signal intensity, well-defined limits. All @entity0 underwent resections of @entity2 , 1 total resection, and 9 subtotal resections. Eight cases were followed up from half a year to seven years. No case recurred. CONCLUSION: Total resection of @entity2 is the best choice.

title: [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of intramedullary XXXX of the spinal cord].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present pilot, registry study was an assessment in a supplement study of FlexiQule (standardized Boswellia extract) capsules in the supplementary management of @entity0 with symptomatic @entity4 ( @entity3 ) also treated with the "standard management" (SM) in comparison with a group of @entity0 only managed with SM. METHODS: This 4-week study included @entity0 with symptomatic knee @entity6 (X-ray). Registry subjects were able to perform a treadmill walking test and to understand questions from the WOMAC questionnaire. Exclusion criteria were conditions requiring drug treatment, Body Mass Index >25, @entity2 , surgery within three months prior to inclusion, oncological condition or inability to walk. RESULTS: Twenty-seven registry subjects using the supplement+SM and 28 using only SM completed the registry; at inclusion, the two groups were comparable including Karnofsky scale, WOMAC Score and the Treadmill Test. Of the subjects completing the registry 24 preferred to use the combination SM and the supplement. Safety evaluation: no problems - indicating the suspension of the supplementation   - were observed. Routine blood tests were normal at inclusion and did not significantly vary at 4 weeks. The Karnofski Scale at 4 weeks was improved in both groups: from 74.3;3.1 to 88.9;5.3 (P<0.05) in the Boswellia group in comparison with a variation from 75.3;5.2 to 79.4;3.3 (P<0.05) in the SM. The effects of the supplement were significantly higher (P<0.05). The WOMAC Score was decreased significantly more in the supplement+SM group in comparison with controls considering @entity1 , @entity5 and physical functions (P<0.05). Social/emotional functions improved better with the supplement (P<0.05). Both groups improved their walking distance at 4 weeks. The improvement was higher (P<0.05) in the Boswellia group. The need for other drugs or tests during the registry period was reduced more in the supplement group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The difference between SM and the supplementation associated to SM was significant) in favor of the supplementation with Boswellia for all target measurements evaluated in the registry at 4 weeks.

title: FlexiQule (Boswellia extract) in the supplementary management of XXXX : a supplement registry.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 receptor alpha ( @entity3 ) has been described as a factor involved in mediating Ebola virus entry into cells (6). Furthermore, it was suggested that interaction with @entity3 results in internalization and subsequent viral ingress into the cytoplasm via caveolae (9). Descriptions of cellular receptors for Ebola virus and its entry mechanisms are of fundamental importance, particularly with the advent of vectors bearing Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) being utilized for gene transfer into cell types such as airway epithelial cells. Thus, the ability of @entity3 to mediate efficient entry of viral pseudotypes carrying GP was investigated. We identified cell lines and primary cell types such as macrophages that were readily infected by GP pseudotypes despite lacking detectable surface @entity3 , indicating that this receptor is not essential for @entity1 . Furthermore, we find that T-cell lines stably expressing @entity3 are not infectible, suggesting that @entity3 is also not sufficient to mediate entry. T-cell lines lack caveolae, the predominant route of @entity3 -mediated @entity0 metabolism. However, the coexpression of @entity3 with @entity2 , the major structural protein of caveolae, was not able to rescue infectivity in a T-cell line. In addition, other cell types lacking caveolae are fully infectible by GP pseudotypes. Finally, a panel of ligands to and soluble analogues of @entity3 were unable to inhibit infection on a range of cell lines, questioning the role of @entity3 as an important factor for Ebola virus entry.

title: XXXX receptor alpha and caveolae are not required for Ebola virus glycoprotein-mediated viral infection.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Induction chemotherapy with @entity3 plus @entity4 followed by radiotherapy is the standard alternative to total laryngectomy for @entity0 with locally advanced @entity1 . The value of adding chemotherapy to radiotherapy and the optimal timing of chemotherapy are unknown. METHODS: We randomly assigned @entity0 with locally advanced @entity1 of the larynx to one of three treatments: induction @entity3 plus @entity4 followed by radiotherapy, radiotherapy with concurrent administration of @entity3 , or radiotherapy alone. The primary end point was preservation of the larynx. RESULTS: A total of 547 @entity0 were randomly assigned to one of the three study groups. The median follow-up period was 3.8 years. At two years, the proportion of @entity0 who had an intact larynx after radiotherapy with concurrent @entity3 (88 percent) differed significantly from the proportions in the groups given induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (75 percent, P=0.005) or radiotherapy alone (70 percent, P<0.001). The rate of locoregional control was also significantly better with radiotherapy and concurrent @entity3 (78 percent, vs. 61 percent with induction @entity3 plus @entity4 followed by radiotherapy and 56 percent with radiotherapy alone). Both of the chemotherapy-based regimens suppressed distant metastases and resulted in better disease-free survival than radiotherapy alone. However, overall survival rates were similar in all three groups. The rate of high-grade toxic effects was greater with the chemotherapy-based regimens (81 percent with induction @entity3 plus @entity4 followed by radiotherapy and 82 percent with radiotherapy with concurrent @entity3 , vs. 61 percent with radiotherapy alone). The @entity2 of concurrent radiotherapy and @entity3 was nearly twice as frequent as the @entity2 of the other two treatments during radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 , radiotherapy with concurrent administration of @entity3 is superior to induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone for laryngeal preservation and locoregional control.

title: Concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for organ preservation in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early detection of @entity1 allows better management of the disease. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) as the gold standard for detecting @entity1 is expensive. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was to evaluate for the first time whether blood @entity2 estimation on hospital admission--a simple, cheap, readily available laboratory parameter--may detect @entity1 and have prognostic value in acute @entity3 . METHODS: Single blood @entity2 estimation upon hospital admission was evaluated prospectively for detecting @entity1 and as a prognostic indicator. The study included 241 nondiabetic @entity0 with a first attack of acute @entity3 . All underwent CT within 72 h of admission. RESULTS: High blood @entity2 (> 125 mg/dl) correlated significantly with complex high clinical and biochemical prognostic scores (Ranson, Imrie), a high Balthazar score, @entity4 , and a long hospital stay, but not with organ failure, indication for artificial ventilation, dialysis, surgery, length of intensive care, and mortality. @entity1 detection sensitivity of high blood @entity2 was 83%, specificity 49%, positive predictive value 28%, and negative predictive value 92%. CONCLUSION: A @entity0 with normal blood @entity2 on admission is unlikely to have @entity1 . Contrast-enhanced CT would not be needed unless the @entity0 fails to improve.

title: Has blood @entity2 level measured on admission to hospital in a @entity0 with acute XXXX any prognostic value?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early detection of @entity1 allows better management of the disease. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) as the gold standard for detecting @entity1 is expensive. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was to evaluate for the first time whether blood @entity2 estimation on hospital admission--a simple, cheap, readily available laboratory parameter--may detect @entity1 and have prognostic value in acute @entity3 . METHODS: Single blood @entity2 estimation upon hospital admission was evaluated prospectively for detecting @entity1 and as a prognostic indicator. The study included 241 nondiabetic @entity0 with a first attack of acute @entity3 . All underwent CT within 72 h of admission. RESULTS: High blood @entity2 (> 125 mg/dl) correlated significantly with complex high clinical and biochemical prognostic scores (Ranson, Imrie), a high Balthazar score, @entity4 , and a long hospital stay, but not with organ failure, indication for artificial ventilation, dialysis, surgery, length of intensive care, and mortality. @entity1 detection sensitivity of high blood @entity2 was 83%, specificity 49%, positive predictive value 28%, and negative predictive value 92%. CONCLUSION: A @entity0 with normal blood @entity2 on admission is unlikely to have @entity1 . Contrast-enhanced CT would not be needed unless the @entity0 fails to improve.

title: Has blood XXXX level measured on admission to hospital in a @entity0 with acute @entity3 any prognostic value?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early detection of @entity1 allows better management of the disease. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) as the gold standard for detecting @entity1 is expensive. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was to evaluate for the first time whether blood @entity2 estimation on hospital admission--a simple, cheap, readily available laboratory parameter--may detect @entity1 and have prognostic value in acute @entity3 . METHODS: Single blood @entity2 estimation upon hospital admission was evaluated prospectively for detecting @entity1 and as a prognostic indicator. The study included 241 nondiabetic @entity0 with a first attack of acute @entity3 . All underwent CT within 72 h of admission. RESULTS: High blood @entity2 (> 125 mg/dl) correlated significantly with complex high clinical and biochemical prognostic scores (Ranson, Imrie), a high Balthazar score, @entity4 , and a long hospital stay, but not with organ failure, indication for artificial ventilation, dialysis, surgery, length of intensive care, and mortality. @entity1 detection sensitivity of high blood @entity2 was 83%, specificity 49%, positive predictive value 28%, and negative predictive value 92%. CONCLUSION: A @entity0 with normal blood @entity2 on admission is unlikely to have @entity1 . Contrast-enhanced CT would not be needed unless the @entity0 fails to improve.

title: Has blood @entity2 level measured on admission to hospital in a XXXX with acute @entity3 any prognostic value?

answer: @entity0


abstract: In an ongoing attempt to investigate qualitative salivary parameters in diseases affecting salivary glands, @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were examined. @entity0 were selected from the Oslo @entity1 register for the present study if they fulfilled the following criteria: age 52-74 years, disease duration 10-20 years, and disability score as assessed by the Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire < or = 2.5. From these 105 @entity0 , two subgroups of @entity0 were selected, one group with pronounced sicca symptoms from @entity2 , and one group without such symptoms. Sicca symptoms were assessed using a postal questionnaire with the questions on @entity6 and dry eyes of the European classification criteria for Sj  gren's syndrome. @entity0 were excluded from further examinations if they used medication that could cause @entity6 . Thus, nine @entity0 remained in the sicca group (having four or more sicca symptoms), and ten matched @entity1 @entity0 were selected for the nonsicca group. A healthy sex- and age-matched control group (n = 10) was also examined. In a preliminary report we have shown that differences in flow rates between sicca and nonsicca @entity1 @entity0 were limited to lower values of unstimulated whole saliva. To further evaluate salivary changes in @entity1 , a disease frequently associated with secondary Sj  gren's syndrome, we have studied qualitative salivary parameters in these @entity0 ,' including secretory rates of @entity4 -rich proteins (PRPs), statherins, and @entity13 . In the present report, phenotypes of PRPs, the ratio of PRPs derived from the two loci ( @entity9 and @entity11 ), and @entity7 concentration and output in parotid and @entity12 derived from the two loci are presented. Parotid (PS) and @entity12 ( @entity12 ) were collected from all individuals using 2% @entity5 as a saliva stimulus. PRPs in PS and @entity12 were identified using a SMART microchromatographic system with a Mono Q column and a Tris- @entity8 / @entity3 gradient (method adapted from ref. 5). For PRPs, the primary polypeptide products are coded for on two loci ( @entity9 and @entity11 ), which have three and two commonly occurring gene variants, respectively. On @entity9 , the proteins @entity9 , @entity9 , and Pa are coded for, whereas @entity7 -1 and @entity10 are coded for on the @entity11 locus. As each protein variant has a postranscriptional cleavage product, individuals will exhibit four, six, or eight PRPs in their saliva, depending on whether they are homozygous at both, one, or neither of the two loci. Accordingly, 18 possible phenotypes may exist, but as few as three phenotypes were found in 79% of the 127 healthy individuals examined by Hay et al. The SMART system allows the determination of the different acidic PRPs present in saliva. Concentrations of the various phenotypes were calculated by peak integration versus pure @entity7 standards. Total @entity7 concentration derived from each locus was calculated as the sum of the concentrations of @entity7 variants from that locus.

title: Salivary acidic XXXX -rich proteins in @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In an ongoing attempt to investigate qualitative salivary parameters in diseases affecting salivary glands, @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were examined. @entity0 were selected from the Oslo @entity1 register for the present study if they fulfilled the following criteria: age 52-74 years, disease duration 10-20 years, and disability score as assessed by the Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire < or = 2.5. From these 105 @entity0 , two subgroups of @entity0 were selected, one group with pronounced sicca symptoms from @entity2 , and one group without such symptoms. Sicca symptoms were assessed using a postal questionnaire with the questions on @entity6 and dry eyes of the European classification criteria for Sj  gren's syndrome. @entity0 were excluded from further examinations if they used medication that could cause @entity6 . Thus, nine @entity0 remained in the sicca group (having four or more sicca symptoms), and ten matched @entity1 @entity0 were selected for the nonsicca group. A healthy sex- and age-matched control group (n = 10) was also examined. In a preliminary report we have shown that differences in flow rates between sicca and nonsicca @entity1 @entity0 were limited to lower values of unstimulated whole saliva. To further evaluate salivary changes in @entity1 , a disease frequently associated with secondary Sj  gren's syndrome, we have studied qualitative salivary parameters in these @entity0 ,' including secretory rates of @entity4 -rich proteins (PRPs), statherins, and @entity13 . In the present report, phenotypes of PRPs, the ratio of PRPs derived from the two loci ( @entity9 and @entity11 ), and @entity7 concentration and output in parotid and @entity12 derived from the two loci are presented. Parotid (PS) and @entity12 ( @entity12 ) were collected from all individuals using 2% @entity5 as a saliva stimulus. PRPs in PS and @entity12 were identified using a SMART microchromatographic system with a Mono Q column and a Tris- @entity8 / @entity3 gradient (method adapted from ref. 5). For PRPs, the primary polypeptide products are coded for on two loci ( @entity9 and @entity11 ), which have three and two commonly occurring gene variants, respectively. On @entity9 , the proteins @entity9 , @entity9 , and Pa are coded for, whereas @entity7 -1 and @entity10 are coded for on the @entity11 locus. As each protein variant has a postranscriptional cleavage product, individuals will exhibit four, six, or eight PRPs in their saliva, depending on whether they are homozygous at both, one, or neither of the two loci. Accordingly, 18 possible phenotypes may exist, but as few as three phenotypes were found in 79% of the 127 healthy individuals examined by Hay et al. The SMART system allows the determination of the different acidic PRPs present in saliva. Concentrations of the various phenotypes were calculated by peak integration versus pure @entity7 standards. Total @entity7 concentration derived from each locus was calculated as the sum of the concentrations of @entity7 variants from that locus.

title: Salivary acidic @entity4 -rich proteins in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine, with unknown origin. Some studies have noted impaired postural balance in @entity1 , in particular, difficulty to manage situations with sensory conflict. The @entity2 susceptibility can be secondary to a sensory conflict, for example, between visual and vestibular information. Our hypothesis is: @entity0 with @entity1 have difficulty in managing situations with sensory conflict and therefore have increased @entity2 susceptibility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in @entity1 subjects by evaluating their susceptibility to @entity2 , as compared to a control group. METHODS: We conducted an analysis of data on @entity2 susceptibility collected prospectively from 2012, with the B score of @entity2 susceptibility questionnaire. This evaluation was completed for 65 adolescents (age 14.5      1.6  year) with major right thoracic @entity1 (Cobb  =  40.7        13.1  ) and 71 matched controls (14.6      1.6  year). RESULTS: Adolescents with major right thoracic @entity1 were more susceptible to @entity2 (B score  =  5.3      5.8) than controls (B score  =  3.4      3.7) with significant difference (p  =  0.025). CONCLUSIONS: We interpret our results suggesting there is difficulty for @entity0 with @entity1 to manage situations with sensory conflict. Previous studies focusing on situations with sensory conflict in @entity1 have required sophisticated technology. They are not accessible for routine @entity0 management. Our research shows the same result with simple, non invasive, low-cost and quick method: B score of @entity2 susceptibility questionnaire.

title: Evaluation of XXXX susceptibility by @entity2 susceptibility questionnaire in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: a case-control study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine, with unknown origin. Some studies have noted impaired postural balance in @entity1 , in particular, difficulty to manage situations with sensory conflict. The @entity2 susceptibility can be secondary to a sensory conflict, for example, between visual and vestibular information. Our hypothesis is: @entity0 with @entity1 have difficulty in managing situations with sensory conflict and therefore have increased @entity2 susceptibility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in @entity1 subjects by evaluating their susceptibility to @entity2 , as compared to a control group. METHODS: We conducted an analysis of data on @entity2 susceptibility collected prospectively from 2012, with the B score of @entity2 susceptibility questionnaire. This evaluation was completed for 65 adolescents (age 14.5      1.6  year) with major right thoracic @entity1 (Cobb  =  40.7        13.1  ) and 71 matched controls (14.6      1.6  year). RESULTS: Adolescents with major right thoracic @entity1 were more susceptible to @entity2 (B score  =  5.3      5.8) than controls (B score  =  3.4      3.7) with significant difference (p  =  0.025). CONCLUSIONS: We interpret our results suggesting there is difficulty for @entity0 with @entity1 to manage situations with sensory conflict. Previous studies focusing on situations with sensory conflict in @entity1 have required sophisticated technology. They are not accessible for routine @entity0 management. Our research shows the same result with simple, non invasive, low-cost and quick method: B score of @entity2 susceptibility questionnaire.

title: Evaluation of @entity2 susceptibility by XXXX susceptibility questionnaire in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: a case-control study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the exposure to bright light on EEG activity and subjective @entity0 at rest and at the mental task during @entity1 . Eight male subjects lay awake in semi-supine in a reclining seat from 21:00 to 04:30 under the bright (BL; >2500 lux) or the dim (DL; <150 lux) light conditions. During the @entity1 , the mental task (Stroop color-word conflict test: CWT) was performed each 15 min in one hour. EEG, subjective @entity0 , rectal and mean skin temperatures and urinary @entity2 concentrations were measured. The subjective @entity0 increased with time of @entity1 during both rest and CWT under the DL condition. The exposure to bright light delayed for 2 hours the @entity0 at rest and suppressed the increase in that during CWT. The bright light exposure also delayed the increase in the theta and alpha wave activities in EEG at rest. In contrast, the effect of the bright light exposure on the theta and alpha wave activities disappeared by CWT. Additionally, under the BL condition, the entire theta activity during CWT throughout @entity1 increased significantly from that in a rest condition. Our results suggest that the exposure to bright light throughout @entity1 influences the subjective @entity0 during the mental task and the EEG activity, as well as the subjective @entity0 at rest. However, the effect of the bright light exposure on the EEG activity at the mental task diminishes throughout @entity1 .

title: Effect of bright light on EEG activities and subjective XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To assess the time-dependent effect of @entity2 on @entity4 ( @entity4 ) incidence among young adults. METHODS: Incident rates of @entity1 and @entity4 during a mean follow-up of 6.4      4.1  years were assessed among 26,023 @entity0 (mean age 30.9      5.6  years) of the Metabolic Lifestyle and Nutrition Assessment in Young Adults stratified by @entity2 at baseline, as assessed by the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ). Incident @entity1 and @entity4 were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: There were 445 cases of @entity1 and 92 cases of @entity4 during 151,312 @entity0 -years. An abnormal MSQ score was associated with a 53  % higher incidence of @entity1 (95  % CI 1.22-1.94, p  <  0.001) compared to those with a normal score, after adjustment for clinical and biochemical @entity1 risk factors. The increased risk associated with @entity2 remained when MSQ was modeled as a continuous time-dependent variable in a multivariable model (HR  =  1.036, 95  % CI 1.024-1.049, p  <  0.001). The increased risk was higher among overweight or @entity3 @entity0 (BMI and MSQ interaction p  =  0.046). @entity5 in MSQ score resulted in higher HR for @entity1 (2.35; 95  % CI 1.564-3.519, p  <  0.001). In addition, @entity2 was associated with a 2.38 higher incidence of @entity4 (95  % CI 1.38-4.11, p  =  0.002), after adjustment for traditional clinical and biochemical risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep quality contributes to the development of @entity1 and @entity4 in apparently healthy young adults in a time-dependent manner. The use of a simple questionnaire to assess @entity2 may be a useful tool for risk stratification in this population.

title: Sleep quality and risk of XXXX among young @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: To assess the time-dependent effect of @entity2 on @entity4 ( @entity4 ) incidence among young adults. METHODS: Incident rates of @entity1 and @entity4 during a mean follow-up of 6.4      4.1  years were assessed among 26,023 @entity0 (mean age 30.9      5.6  years) of the Metabolic Lifestyle and Nutrition Assessment in Young Adults stratified by @entity2 at baseline, as assessed by the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ). Incident @entity1 and @entity4 were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: There were 445 cases of @entity1 and 92 cases of @entity4 during 151,312 @entity0 -years. An abnormal MSQ score was associated with a 53  % higher incidence of @entity1 (95  % CI 1.22-1.94, p  <  0.001) compared to those with a normal score, after adjustment for clinical and biochemical @entity1 risk factors. The increased risk associated with @entity2 remained when MSQ was modeled as a continuous time-dependent variable in a multivariable model (HR  =  1.036, 95  % CI 1.024-1.049, p  <  0.001). The increased risk was higher among overweight or @entity3 @entity0 (BMI and MSQ interaction p  =  0.046). @entity5 in MSQ score resulted in higher HR for @entity1 (2.35; 95  % CI 1.564-3.519, p  <  0.001). In addition, @entity2 was associated with a 2.38 higher incidence of @entity4 (95  % CI 1.38-4.11, p  =  0.002), after adjustment for traditional clinical and biochemical risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep quality contributes to the development of @entity1 and @entity4 in apparently healthy young adults in a time-dependent manner. The use of a simple questionnaire to assess @entity2 may be a useful tool for risk stratification in this population.

title: Sleep quality and risk of @entity4 among young XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to systematically compare the interaction of the long-acting @entity3 agonists @entity9 and @entity11 with short-acting @entity3 agonists in contracted @entity0 bronchi. @entity0 bronchi were obtained at thoracotomy from @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity9 or @entity11 at concentrations inducing up to 92 and 94% of their maximal relaxant effect, respectively, were added to bronchial rings contracted with @entity8 (10(-6) M). After a time period of 30 min, concentration-response curves for the short-acting @entity3 agonists, @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity5 and @entity10 were recorded. Administration of equieffective concentrations of @entity11 and @entity9 , resulted in only @entity11 inducing a shift to the right of @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity10 and @entity6 concentration-response curves. The rank order of shift was @entity6 > @entity10 > @entity7 > @entity5 . @entity9 , up to concentrations of 3x10(-9) M induced submaximal relaxation resulting in no shift in short-acting @entity3 agonist concentration-response curves. @entity11 but not @entity9 appears to antagonize the relaxation of @entity0 contracted bronchi induced by short-acting @entity4 -agonists. These results obtained in vitro cannot be translated in clinical terms. This study, however, highlights the need for clinical studies on the interaction of long-acting and short-acting @entity3 agonists in acute severe @entity2 .

title: Long- and short-acting XXXX agonists: interactions in @entity0 contracted bronchi.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study was to systematically compare the interaction of the long-acting @entity3 agonists @entity9 and @entity11 with short-acting @entity3 agonists in contracted @entity0 bronchi. @entity0 bronchi were obtained at thoracotomy from @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity9 or @entity11 at concentrations inducing up to 92 and 94% of their maximal relaxant effect, respectively, were added to bronchial rings contracted with @entity8 (10(-6) M). After a time period of 30 min, concentration-response curves for the short-acting @entity3 agonists, @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity5 and @entity10 were recorded. Administration of equieffective concentrations of @entity11 and @entity9 , resulted in only @entity11 inducing a shift to the right of @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity10 and @entity6 concentration-response curves. The rank order of shift was @entity6 > @entity10 > @entity7 > @entity5 . @entity9 , up to concentrations of 3x10(-9) M induced submaximal relaxation resulting in no shift in short-acting @entity3 agonist concentration-response curves. @entity11 but not @entity9 appears to antagonize the relaxation of @entity0 contracted bronchi induced by short-acting @entity4 -agonists. These results obtained in vitro cannot be translated in clinical terms. This study, however, highlights the need for clinical studies on the interaction of long-acting and short-acting @entity3 agonists in acute severe @entity2 .

title: Long- and short-acting @entity3 agonists: interactions in XXXX contracted bronchi.

answer: @entity0


abstract: T-cell types are important in maintaining immune homeostasis in the lung and their imbalance may be associated with several diseases. We examined the relationship between bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) T-cell subset profiles and the clinical course of 46 @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). A flow cytometry cell sorter (FACS) was used to analyse the T-cell subsets. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) were performed at baseline and 6-12 months later. @entity0 were divided into two groups according to their @entity3 / @entity4 ratio: @entity3 / @entity7 (group 1, n=21); and @entity3 / @entity7 (group 2, n=25). A lower percentage of lymphocytes, a higher percentage of @entity4 / @entity1 cells (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes) and a higher percentage of neutrophils were found in the BAL in group 2 compared to group 1 (11+/-7.5% versus 19+/-13.2%; p=0.024 and 29.8+/-17.6% versus 13.3+/-6.9%; p=0.068, respectively for lymphocytes and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes; and 8+/-11% versus 29+/-27%; p=0.003 for neutrophils). Inversely, in the peripheral blood, the distribution of @entity4 / @entity1 cells was lower in group 1 than in group 2 (8.3+/-6.9% versus 33.4+/-16.5%; p=0.0048). The @entity0 were followed over a period of 1 yr in order to test whether those findings could determine efficacy of therapy. The baseline transfer factor of the lung for @entity5 (TL,CO) capacity in group 1 and group 2 was 59+/-22% and 51+/-21%, respectively (p=0.29), but only in group 1 was the TL,CO capacity improved significantly in response to @entity2 treatment after 6-12 months. @entity6 @entity0 with a higher percentage of lymphocytes, a lower percentage of neutrophils, @entity3 / @entity4 >1 and a low percentage of @entity4 /S6F1 may have a more benign course of disease. These parameters may identify an early stage of reversible disease responsive to therapy. We conclude that these measurements may be a useful tool in monitoring response to treatment in @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: Predictive value of response to treatment of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are common in older @entity0 and are frequently associated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The relationship between @entity4 and endogenous total @entity1 (TT) levels has been widely studied. The aim of this post hoc analysis was to determine the association between @entity6 and endogenous TT levels in a subset of @entity0 participating in the 2013 @entity2 Awareness Week, a U.S. community-based @entity2 screening program. @entity0 completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) questionnaire, prostate size was estimated by a digital rectal examination, and serum TT and @entity5 levels were measured. Mean TT levels (ng/dl) did not significantly correlate with prostate size category (r = +.03, p = .69): normal, 419.2 (n = 106); enlarged, 394.7 (n = 71); abnormal, 416.4 (n = 7); and abnormal/suspicious, 515.2 (n = 19). Mean TT levels (ng/dl) did not significantly correlate with I-PSS category (r = -.06, p = .40): none, 468.5 (n = 15); mild, 414.0 (n = 138); moderate, 397.4 (n = 66); and severe, 437.9 (n = 7). Mean TT levels (ng/dl) did not significantly correlate with I-PSS quality of life rating (r = -.13, p = .055): delighted, 474.5 (n = 43); pleased, 424.6 (n = 65); mostly satisfied, 361.2 (n = 63); mixed, 448.2 (n = 29); mostly dissatisfied, 337.2 (n = 17); and unhappy, 435.8 (n = 6). Adjustment for prostate size or @entity5 levels yielded similar findings. In conclusion, endogenous TT levels did not correlate with @entity6 or prostate size, and these findings support the saturation theory in which TT is not able to induce further @entity3 -stimulated prostate tissue growth due to receptor saturation. Any worsening of @entity6 following @entity1 replacement therapy in hypogonadal @entity0 may be related to stimulation of prostatic cells previously deprived of @entity1 .

title: Effects of XXXX Level on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this atlas is to present a review of the literature showing the advantages of SPECT brain perfusion imaging (BPI) in mild or moderate @entity4 ( @entity4 ) over other morphologic imaging modalities such as x-ray CT or MRI. The authors also present the technical recommendations for SPECT brain perfusion currently practiced at their center. For the radiopharmaceutical of choice, a comparison between early and delayed images using Tc-99m HMPAO and Tc-99m ECD showed that Tc-99m HMPAO is more stable in the brain with no washout over time. Therefore, the authors feel that Tc-99m HMPAO is preferable to Tc-99m ECD. Recommendations regarding standardizing intravenous injection, the acquisition, processing parameters, and interpretation of scans using a ten grade color scale, and use of the cerebellum as the reference organ are presented. SPECT images of 228 @entity0 (age range, 11 to 88; mean, 40.8 years) with mild or moderate @entity4 and no significant medical history that interfered with the results of the SPECT BP were reviewed. The etiology of the @entity3 was in the following order of frequency: motor vehicle accidents (45%) followed by blow to the head (36%) and a fall (19%). Frequency of the symptoms was @entity1 (60.9%), @entity7 (27.6%), @entity6 (26.7%), and @entity2 (8.7%). Comparison between @entity0 imaged early (<3 months) versus those imaged delayed (>3 months) from the time of the accident, showed that early imaging detected more lesions (4.2 abnormal lesions per study compared to 2.7 in those imaged more than 3 months after the accident). Of 41 @entity0 who had mild @entity3 without @entity5 and had normal CT, 28 studies were abnormal. Focal areas of hypoperfusion were seen in 77% (176 @entity0 , 612 lesions) of the group of 228 @entity0 . The sites of abnormalities were in the following order: basal ganglia and thalami, 55.2%, frontal lobes, 23.8%, temporal lobes, 13%, parietal, 3.7%, insular and occipital lobes together, 4.6%.

title: SPECT brain perfusion abnormalities in mild or moderate XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate and predictors of unmet need for recognition of common @entity2 in Australian general practice. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional national audit of general practices throughout Australia in 1998-1999. @entity0 : 46 515 ambulatory care @entity0 attending 386 GPs. SCREENING TOOLS: Prevalence of common @entity2 --12 items from the 34-item SPHERE self-report questionnaire and associated classification system; prevalence of recognition of @entity2 by GPs--GPs reporting whether @entity0 had @entity5 , @entity3 , mixed @entity5 / @entity3 , somatoform, or other @entity1 ; predictors of unmet need for recognition of @entity2 --self-report questions about demography for @entity0 and GPs, and about practice organisation for GPs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reported recognition of @entity1 by GPs; actual prevalence of disorders; and @entity0 , GP and practice characteristics predicting the @entity4 . RESULTS: GPs did not recognise @entity2 in 56% (11922/21210) of @entity0 . These comprised 46% (5134/11060) of @entity0 in the higher level of @entity2 , and (in the second level of disorders) 58% (2906/5036) of @entity0 with @entity6 , and 76% (3882/5114) of those with predominantly somatic symptoms. @entity0 more likely to have their need for psychological assessment met had the following characteristics: middle-aged (odds ratio [OR], 1.76; 95% CI, 1.59-1.96), female (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.12-1.27), Australian-born (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08-1.24), unemployed (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.64-1.89), single (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.41-1.61), presenting with @entity6 (OR, 3.54; 95% CI, 3.28-3.81), and presenting for psychological reasons (OR, 4.20; 95% CI, 3.02-5.82). Characteristics of doctors associated with meeting @entity0 ' need for assessment were being aged over 35 years (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.09-2.08), having an interest in mental health (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.15-1.41), having had previous mental health training (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.15-1.45), being in part-time practice (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.39), seeing fewer than 100 @entity0 per week (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.13-1.47), working in practices with fewer than 2000 @entity0 (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13-1.45) and working in regional centres (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05-1.28). CONCLUSION: Unmet need for recognition of common @entity2 remains high. Predictors of unmet need include a somatic symptom profile and practitioner and organisational characteristics which impede the provision of high quality mental health services.

title: Unmet need for recognition of common XXXX in Australian general practice.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The salivary gland has been suggested as an accessible organ for gene transfer to express recombinant proteins locally in the saliva, as well as for secretion to the blood circulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of gene transfer to salivary glands using different viral vectors: adenovirus, @entity5 , @entity3 (HSV), and two retroviral vectors ( @entity0 leukemia virus (MuLV) and lentivirus). We show, by in situ staining and beta-galactosidase reporter activity assay, that the adenoviral and @entity5 vectors were able to deliver the reporter gene efficiently to acinar and duct cells. The HSV vector was less efficient and infected only the acinar cells. The lentiviral vector infected acinar and duct cells, but at a relatively low efficiency. The MuLV vector did not infect the salivary gland unless cell proliferation was induced. Host immune responses to @entity4 , @entity1 , apoptosis and lymphocyte infiltration, in the transduced glands, were assessed. The DNA viral vectors induced local lymphocyte infiltration and apoptosis. In contrast, the retroviral vectors did not induce an immune response. Our results describe the outcome of @entity2 with each of the five different viral vectors and indicate their advantages and limitations for transferring genes to the salivary glands.

title: Gene transfer mediated by different viral vectors following direct cannulation of XXXX submandibular salivary glands.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity1 parasite invades the midgut tissue of its mosquito host as a motile form called the ookinete. We have examined the pellicle of the ookinete of @entity2 by freeze- @entity0 and quick-freeze, deep-etch electron microscopy. The general organization is analogous to that of invasive stages of other members of Apicomplexa. The pellicle is composed of three membranes: the plasma membrane, and the two linked intermediate and inner membranes, which in the ookinete form one flattened vacuole that is located beneath the plasma membrane. The edges of this vacuole form a longitudinal suture. Beneath the vacuole is found an array of microtubules that are connected to the inner membrane by intramembranous particles. During freeze- @entity0 , the membranes can split along their hydrophobic planes, thus yielding six @entity0 faces, each of which displays a characteristic pattern of intramembranous particles. Additionally, we find that the ookinete pellicle differs from all other apicomplexan motile stages by the presence of large pores. These pores are of unknown function, but clearly might constitute a novel pathway for the transport of molecules to and from the cortex, which is independent of the well-described route through the apical micronemal/rhoptry complex. The pores may be the route by which motor proteins or other non micronemal surface proteins are trafficked, such as P25/P28 and SOAP, some of which are implicated in transmission blocking immunity.

title: Cryofracture electron microscopy of the ookinete pellicle of XXXX reveals the existence of novel pores in the alveolar membranes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Research on @entity5 mutilans (PAM), the most severe form of @entity5 , is impeded by the lack of an accepted classification criteria. We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify and synthesize clinical and radiographic features associated with the definition of PAM. METHODS: A systematic literature search limited to @entity0 studies was conducted without language restriction. Abstracts were independently screened by 2 investigators and studies that reported information on @entity0 with PAM were included. A standardized form was used to independently collect clinical and radiographic items defining PAM, @entity0 's demographics, disease characteristics, and outcomes. RESULTS: There were 8570 citations searched to identify 112 articles for full review and 58 articles for data abstraction. We identified 8 definitions of PAM that were used in 283 subjects with a mean age    SD at diagnosis of PsA of 33.9    8.2 years. Disease manifestations (prevalence) included dactylitis (29-64%), @entity4 (29-32%), @entity1 (14-27%), and nail lesions (47%). PAM definitions include 1 (n = 2 studies) or more (n = 14 studies) joints involving interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, or @entity2 . The most prevalent PAM clinical features were digital telescoping (34%), digital shortening (33%), and @entity2 (22%). The most prevalent PAM radiographic items were bone resorption (41%), pencil-in-cup change (16%), @entity2 (14%), @entity3 (21%), and subluxation (7%). CONCLUSION: We have identified 8 definitions of PAM, and synthesized the clinical and radiographic items that are important for the classification of PAM. We have established the groundwork for future development classification criteria for PAM.

title: XXXX Mutilans: Clinical and Radiographic Criteria. A Systematic Review.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was earlier shown to reduce clinically suspected, non-laboratory-confirmed invasive @entity1 (IPD) in a cluster-randomized trial (the Finnish Invasive Pneumococcal disease trial). PCV10 was introduced into the Finnish national vaccination program in September 2010 using a 3-dose schedule. We evaluated the impact of PCV10 on clinically suspected IPD among vaccine-eligible @entity0 in a population-based nationwide study. METHODS: The target cohort eligible for vaccination program ( @entity0 born June 2010-September 2013) was compared with 2 season- and age-matched (ages 3-42 months) reference cohorts before PCV10 introduction. The trial period (January 2009-August 2010) was excluded. Hospitals' inpatient and outpatient discharge notifications with International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, diagnoses compatible with IPD (A40.3/B95.3/G00.1/M00.1) and unspecified @entity2 (A40.9/A41.9/A49.9/G00/G00.9/I30.1/M00/M00.9/B95.5) were collected from the national Care Register. Laboratory-confirmed IPD cases were excluded. Rates of register-based non-laboratory-confirmed IPD (or unspecified @entity2 ) before and after PCV10 implementation were calculated. RESULTS: The rate of register-based non-laboratory-confirmed IPD episodes was 32 in 100   000 @entity0 -years in the vaccine-eligible target cohort and 94 in the combined reference cohorts. Relative rate reduction was 66% (95% confidence interval: 59-73) and absolute rate reduction 62 in 100   000 @entity0 -years. For the more sensitive case definition of register-based non-laboratory-confirmed IPD or unspecified @entity2 , the relative rate reduction was 34% (95% confidence interval 29-39), but the absolute reduction was as high as 122 in 100   000 @entity0 -years. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report demonstrating nationwide @entity3 impact on clinically suspected IPD during routine vaccination program. The large absolute rate reductions observed have major implications for cost-effectiveness of PCVs.

title: Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and Clinically Suspected Invasive XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: It is well known that an increased body mass index (BMI) is associated with @entity1 development. Results from studies on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) treatment outcome and BMI are however conflicting. Our hypothesis was that a high as well as a low BMI will have negative effects on short-term outcome after @entity2 surgery. METHODS: Data from the Swedish @entity2 Registry from 2007 to 2012 was analyzed. A total of 24,587 @entity0 operated on for @entity2 were included in the study and divided into one of five categories for BMI. @entity5 , operating time, surgical complications, and 30-day mortality were compared between groups. RESULTS: @entity5 as well as operating time was significantly increased when comparing normal-weight @entity0 to overweight (p   <   0.001). 15.1  % of normal-weight @entity0 suffered from postoperative surgical complications. This was significantly increased with each BMI step but did not affect the 30-day mortality. However, underweight @entity0 , on the other hand, had fewer complications (13.3  %) but an increased 30-day mortality. CONCLUSION: Longer operating times and increased perioperative @entity5 may be explanatory factors behind @entity4 rates for @entity2 @entity0 with higher BMI. In underweight @entity0 , @entity6 may be a reason for a higher 30-day mortality. To improve outcome, specific precautions are suggested when operating on under- as well as overweight @entity2 @entity0 . We also suggest that the registry introduces a better marker than BMI for central visceral fat-the link between @entity3 and @entity1 development. Further studies are needed to analyze the findings in detail and to study long-term effects.

title: Influence of BMI on short-term surgical outcome after XXXX surgery: a study based on the Swedish national quality registry.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: To report clinical experiences with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) associated with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and discuss therapeutic strategy. METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="DESIGN AND SETTINGS" NlmCategory="METHODS">uncontrolled, observational study in a university hospital. @entity0 : among 547 @entity0 with @entity1 treated between 1991 and 1999, 10 @entity0 (7 males, 3 females, mean age 68.5+/-2.5) presenting a preoperative @entity7 score (defined by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Japan) of 6 or higher were analyzed. The etiology was dissection for 5 and non-dissection for 5 @entity0 . Six of 10 @entity0 had a @entity2 tendency. Eight @entity0 received preoperative anticoagulant therapy. Prosthetic replacement was undertaken for 8 @entity0 except for 2 @entity0 in poor condition. RESULTS: There were no operative deaths in 8 surgical cases. One non-surgical case died of deteriorated @entity2 tendency. The mean @entity7 score was 8.0+/-0.6 at admission, which was reduced to 4.4+/-0.5 at discharge (p<0.05). @entity3 time, platelet counts, and @entity6 levels tended to be normalized by the 7th postoperative day. Serum FDP levels decreased with surgery, but tended to increase at the time of discharge and the later follow-up period. @entity5 and @entity2 tendency recurred in 2 @entity0 in the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: In the majority of @entity0 presenting @entity7 with @entity1 , surgical treatment can be performed safely if adequately managed by anticoagulant therapy. @entity4 usually resolved after surgical intervention, but some @entity0 developed @entity7 in the later period. If @entity7 recurs, it is essential to search for contributory causes.

title: Preoperative @entity7 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To report clinical experiences with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) associated with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and discuss therapeutic strategy. METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="DESIGN AND SETTINGS" NlmCategory="METHODS">uncontrolled, observational study in a university hospital. @entity0 : among 547 @entity0 with @entity1 treated between 1991 and 1999, 10 @entity0 (7 males, 3 females, mean age 68.5+/-2.5) presenting a preoperative @entity7 score (defined by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Japan) of 6 or higher were analyzed. The etiology was dissection for 5 and non-dissection for 5 @entity0 . Six of 10 @entity0 had a @entity2 tendency. Eight @entity0 received preoperative anticoagulant therapy. Prosthetic replacement was undertaken for 8 @entity0 except for 2 @entity0 in poor condition. RESULTS: There were no operative deaths in 8 surgical cases. One non-surgical case died of deteriorated @entity2 tendency. The mean @entity7 score was 8.0+/-0.6 at admission, which was reduced to 4.4+/-0.5 at discharge (p<0.05). @entity3 time, platelet counts, and @entity6 levels tended to be normalized by the 7th postoperative day. Serum FDP levels decreased with surgery, but tended to increase at the time of discharge and the later follow-up period. @entity5 and @entity2 tendency recurred in 2 @entity0 in the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: In the majority of @entity0 presenting @entity7 with @entity1 , surgical treatment can be performed safely if adequately managed by anticoagulant therapy. @entity4 usually resolved after surgical intervention, but some @entity0 developed @entity7 in the later period. If @entity7 recurs, it is essential to search for contributory causes.

title: Preoperative XXXX associated with @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: A novel synthetic compound, @entity3 , inhibits subcutaneous @entity0 growth of cells. Because @entity2 in @entity0 growth and wound healing involves similar mechanisms, we examined whether @entity3 inhibits wound-induced @entity2 . METHODS: Sixteen female BALB/c @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity3 (n = 8) or vehicle alone (n = 8) on day -2. On day 0, transparent window chambers were implanted into the dorsal skin flap. Treatment was stopped on day 7. On days 1, 7, and 14, micrographs of the windows were taken and microvessel density was estimated. RESULTS: On day 1, no statistically significant difference was noted between the microvessel density in controls and treatments. After the @entity1 underwent treatment from day -2 to day 7 and microvessel densities were analyzed on day 7, @entity2 was significantly inhibited in the @entity3 group (P <.001). Seven days after cessation of treatment, however, the @entity3 group showed complete recovery in @entity2 . The increase in microvessel density in the @entity3 group on day 14 from day 7 was not significantly different from that of the control group (P >.05). CONCLUSIONS: We observed that @entity3 , a known inhibitor of @entity0 -induced @entity2 , also inhibited wound-induced @entity2 in our @entity1 wound model. This inhibitory effect is significant while the @entity1 are undergoing treatment.

title: Wound-induced XXXX and its pharmacologic inhibition in a @entity1 model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: A novel synthetic compound, @entity3 , inhibits subcutaneous @entity0 growth of cells. Because @entity2 in @entity0 growth and wound healing involves similar mechanisms, we examined whether @entity3 inhibits wound-induced @entity2 . METHODS: Sixteen female BALB/c @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity3 (n = 8) or vehicle alone (n = 8) on day -2. On day 0, transparent window chambers were implanted into the dorsal skin flap. Treatment was stopped on day 7. On days 1, 7, and 14, micrographs of the windows were taken and microvessel density was estimated. RESULTS: On day 1, no statistically significant difference was noted between the microvessel density in controls and treatments. After the @entity1 underwent treatment from day -2 to day 7 and microvessel densities were analyzed on day 7, @entity2 was significantly inhibited in the @entity3 group (P <.001). Seven days after cessation of treatment, however, the @entity3 group showed complete recovery in @entity2 . The increase in microvessel density in the @entity3 group on day 14 from day 7 was not significantly different from that of the control group (P >.05). CONCLUSIONS: We observed that @entity3 , a known inhibitor of @entity0 -induced @entity2 , also inhibited wound-induced @entity2 in our @entity1 wound model. This inhibitory effect is significant while the @entity1 are undergoing treatment.

title: Wound-induced @entity2 and its pharmacologic inhibition in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited information is available on the financial impact of central venous catheter-associated @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in Argentina. To calculate the cost of BSIs in the intensive care department (ICU), a 5-year prospective nested case-control study was undertaken at 3 hospitals in Argentina. METHODS: We studied 6 adult ICUs from 3 hospitals. In all, 142 @entity0 with @entity1 and 142 control @entity0 without @entity1 were matched for hospital, type of ICU, year of admission, length of stay, sex, age, and average severity of illness score. @entity0 ' length of stay in the ICU was obtained prospectively on daily rounds. The hospitals' finance departments provided the cost of each ICU day. The hospitals' pharmacies provided the cost of antibiotics prescribed for BSIs. RESULTS: The mean extra length of stay for @entity0 with @entity1 compared with control @entity0 was 11.9 days, the mean extra antibiotic defined daily dose was 22.6, the mean extra antibiotic cost was  1913, the mean extra cost was  4888.42, and the excess mortality was 24.6%. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, @entity0 with central venous catheter-associated @entity1 experienced significant prolongation of hospitalization, increased use of health care costs, and a higher attributable mortality. These findings support the need to implement preventative interventions for @entity0 hospitalized with central venous catheters in Argentina.

title: The attributable cost, length of hospital stay, and mortality of central line-associated XXXX in intensive care departments in Argentina: A prospective, matched analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a seminar-based training program and clinical practice audit on general practitioners' (GPs') knowledge and management of common @entity1 . DESIGN: Survey of GPs' knowledge before and after training, and clinical practice audit and re-audit after feedback. @entity0 AND SETTING: GP volunteers from around Australia in 1998-1999: 1008 completed the pre-training test, 190 the post-training test, 386 the first audit (33235 @entity0 ), and 157 of these the re-audit (13280 @entity0 ), with 57 undertaking both audit and training. INTERVENTIONS: Four-seminar, 12-hour training program focused on improving GPs' capacity to identify and manage @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 ; practice audit with @entity0 - and practice-based feedback on diagnosis and treatment of common @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores on pre- and post-training knowledge tests; self-rated improvements in confidence in managing @entity0 with @entity1 after training; rates of psychological diagnoses and treatment by GPs on first audit and re-audit. RESULTS: GPs' knowledge of pharmacological treatments and clinical management improved after the training program (P<0.001), and 97% of GPs reported increased confidence in their management skills. GPs who undertook training had higher diagnosis rates for common @entity1 in the first audit than those who did not undertake training (36% versus 29%; P<0.001), and their diagnosis rates increased over time (36% to 39%; P<0.01), while those of GPs who did not undertake training were unchanged. Similarly, GPs who undertook training provided more mental health treatments than those who did not (30% versus 27% in the first audit [P<0.001], and 31% versus 24% at reaudit [P<0.001]). They also place greater emphasis on use of nonpharmacological treatments (24% versus 21% at first audit [P<0.001], and 25% versus 19% at re-audit [P<0.001]). CONCLUSION: Clinical audits may heighten @entity1 , but, on their own, they do not improve mental health practice. A relatively brief but skills-based training program may contribute to better management of @entity0 with common @entity1 by increasing GPs' confidence and competence.

title: Effects of mental health training and clinical audit on general practitioners' management of common XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a pleiotrophic polypeptide which appears to have roles both as a circulating endocrine hormone and as a locally synthesized paracrine or autocrine tissue factor. @entity0 plays a major role in regulating the growth of cells in vivo and in vitro and initiates metabolic and mitogenic processes in a wide variety of cell types by binding to specific type I receptors in the plasma membrane. In this study, we report the distribution of @entity0 receptors in odontogenic cells at the ultrastructural level using the high resolution protein A-gold technique. In the pre-secretory stage, very little gold label was visible over the ameloblasts and odontoblasts. During the secretory stage the label was mostly seen in association with the cell membranes and endoplasmic reticulum of the ameloblasts. Lysosome-like elements in the post-secretory stage were labelled as well as multivesicular dense bodies. Very little labelling was encountered in the ameloblasts in the transitional stage, where apoptotic bodies were clearly visible. The maturation stage also exhibited labelling of the secretory-like granules in the distal surface. The presence of gold particles over the plasma membrane is an indication that @entity1 is a membrane-bound receptor. Furthermore, the intracellular distribution of the label over the endoplasmic reticulum supports the local synthesis of the @entity1 . The absence of labelling over the transitional ameloblasts suggests that the transitional stage may require the non-expression of @entity0 as a prerequiste or even a trigger for apoptosis.

title: Non-expression of XXXX is associated with apoptosis: an ultrastructural study on rat ameloblasts.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Intralesional injection of beta-interferon can lead to remission of metastatic @entity3 . Simultaneous radiotherapy may augment the effect of these injections. The effect of intralesional beta-interferon injections combined with radiotherapy was examined in @entity0 with metastatic @entity3 . A total of 20 @entity0 with inoperable, incapacitating and disfiguring @entity3 were treated with simultaneous external beam radiotherapy (electrons and/or photons) and intralesional injection of beta-interferon. The total radiation dosage ranged from 40-50 Gy, fractionated as 1.8 Gy five times per week. beta-Interferon (Fiblaferon) 3-5 million units per injection was administered three times weekly until symptoms disappeared or until termination of therapy. One @entity0 was treated with beta-interferon alone; the area harbouring the @entity2 had been previously irradiated. Five @entity0 treated in this way showed partial remission after combined therapy and 12 showed complete remission, with permanent regression of @entity1 . The latter group included five @entity0 with lengthy survival times, including one @entity0 who has been free of symptoms for 7 years following treatment. Injected @entity1 showed complete regression in the @entity0 who was treated exclusively with beta-interferon post-irradiation. In conclusion, combined treatment with radiotherapy and intratumoral injection of beta-interferon controlled local @entity2 growth in inoperable metastatic @entity3 .

title: Treatment of locoregional @entity1 of XXXX with radiotherapy and intralesional beta-interferon injection.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Intralesional injection of beta-interferon can lead to remission of metastatic @entity3 . Simultaneous radiotherapy may augment the effect of these injections. The effect of intralesional beta-interferon injections combined with radiotherapy was examined in @entity0 with metastatic @entity3 . A total of 20 @entity0 with inoperable, incapacitating and disfiguring @entity3 were treated with simultaneous external beam radiotherapy (electrons and/or photons) and intralesional injection of beta-interferon. The total radiation dosage ranged from 40-50 Gy, fractionated as 1.8 Gy five times per week. beta-Interferon (Fiblaferon) 3-5 million units per injection was administered three times weekly until symptoms disappeared or until termination of therapy. One @entity0 was treated with beta-interferon alone; the area harbouring the @entity2 had been previously irradiated. Five @entity0 treated in this way showed partial remission after combined therapy and 12 showed complete remission, with permanent regression of @entity1 . The latter group included five @entity0 with lengthy survival times, including one @entity0 who has been free of symptoms for 7 years following treatment. Injected @entity1 showed complete regression in the @entity0 who was treated exclusively with beta-interferon post-irradiation. In conclusion, combined treatment with radiotherapy and intratumoral injection of beta-interferon controlled local @entity2 growth in inoperable metastatic @entity3 .

title: Treatment of locoregional XXXX of @entity3 with radiotherapy and intralesional beta-interferon injection.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Updated treatment guidelines for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have been released by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the UK, and highlight a current shortfall in the prescription of anticoagulants to @entity0 with @entity3 for @entity1 prevention. OBJECTIVE: To design a budget impact model as a planning tool for UK Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) looking to budget for greater use of anticoagulants in the @entity3 population. METHODS: An Excel(  ) model was developed to estimate the five-year impact of gradually treating all eligible @entity0 with @entity3 who are currently not being prescribed anticoagulants, both in terms of the effect on key clinical outcomes ( @entity1 , major @entity2 and mortality) and the associated financial impact. RESULTS: For a population of 251,693 (average CCG size) with an estimated 2626 prevalent @entity0 and an additional 546 incident cases annually, the model estimated that increasing the proportion of the eligible @entity3 @entity0 population receiving anticoagulation by a fraction would require an additional budget of @entity4 139,961 in Year 1 to treat an additional 314 @entity0 . This would rise to @entity5 ,004,900 in Year 5 to treat an additional 2242 @entity0 , with all eligible @entity0 treated by this year. The price year was 2014. Over the 5-year timeframe, this could lead to the prevention of 24 @entity1 and 29 deaths, with an increase of 31 major @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The clinical benefits of appropriate anticoagulation are widely recognised; however, full implementation can be difficult and costly. Therefore, the development of models can support the planning process by facilitating discussion among stakeholders on how best they can reach full implementation. The model is flexible and can be adapted to suit different payers.

title: Implementing Guidelines: The Cost and Clinical Impact of Anticoagulants in the UK XXXX Population.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Anopheles stephensi Liston and An. saperoi Bohart and Ingram infected with the rodent @entity3 parasite @entity4 nigeriense. They were examined 12 and 19 days after blood feeding for sporozoites in head with anterior thorax (HT) and oocysts in abdomen with posterior thorax (AB) by light microscopy and by the nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR-based on the amplification of the sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene). The detection rate of parasite DNA by nested PCR in HT samples 12 days after blood feeding was similar to that by microscopic method. However, in HT samples 19 days after blood feeding, the rate by the PCR method was higher than that by the microscopic method. The incidence of sporozoites in salivary glands of infected mosquitos for 12 days after blood sucking was examined by the PCR method. Parasite DNA in HT of @entity2 Skuse (a non vector for the rodent @entity3 ) as well as An. stephensi and An. saperoi was detected for up to 4 days after feeding on @entity1 with the rodent @entity3 parasites. The results indicate that when the PCR method is used for detection of sporozoites of @entity0 @entity3 in mosquitos collected in the field, there are possibilities of including false-positive data for mosquitos that have just or recently fed on @entity0 @entity5 with @entity3 (erythrocytic form).

title: Possibility of false-positive detection for sporozoites in mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) by nested polymerase chain reaction using XXXX genomic DNA.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The extent of blood pressure lowering by anti- @entity1 agents is difficult to predict for individual @entity0 , even when evaluated in the context of biochemical or demographic information. Genetic predictors (mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) have been the focus of several recent studies and are gaining much attention. We have conducted a literature search for studies in which the lowering of ambient blood pressure by specific drugs or drug classes in @entity0 was related to specific genotypes. Twenty-eight studies were identified, of which six had a single-dose design, and the remaining 22 studied drug effects after more than 4 weeks of drug administration. Virtually all were association studies. Prospective trials that compared the prognostic value of genetic methods to routine clinical practice were not identified. Almost all studies used a candidate-gene design, usually with a very small number of SNPs (typically one). Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions were studied only rarely. Only one study targeted genes involved in drug metabolism. Most candidate-genes were part of the @entity2 -angiotensin system. By far the most extensively studied has been the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism (15 studies) but, to date, no clear picture has emerged for this or other genetic variants. Thus, the potential for utility of genetic characterization of individual @entity0 as a predictor of anti- @entity1 response has yet to be realized.

title: Pharmacogenetics of XXXX treatment: a structured review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is a disease with a wide-ranging etiology and poorly understood pathogenesis seen commonly in young @entity0 . Various head-preserving procedures have been used for this disease to avert the need for total hip replacement. These include various vascularized and nonvascularized bone grafting procedures. We will describe the use of bone-grafting through a window at the femoral head-neck junction for the treatment of @entity1 of the femoral head. @entity2 ( @entity2 )-enriched allograft was used to avoid donor site morbidity. Nineteen @entity0 (21 hips) were followed up for a mean of 48 months (range, 36-55 months) after a bone grafting procedure in which the diseased bone was replaced by a bone graft substitute (combination of demineralized bone matrix, processed allograft bone chips, and a thermoplastic carrier). Eighteen of 21 hips (86%) were clinically successful at latest followup. Two of these @entity0 have minimal radiographic progression (< 2 mm head collapse). This procedure is straightforward technically, led to low morbidity, and did not necessitate procurement of donor site bone graft. This procedure may be effective at avoiding or forestalling the need for total hip arthroplasty in young @entity0 with early to intermediate stages of @entity1 of the femoral head.

title: Outcome of nonvascularized bone grafting for XXXX of the femoral head.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a combination of @entity1 (AL) and low-dose @entity4 (MA) with standard-dose MA in @entity3 caused by @entity2 . An open, controlled study was performed. Seventy-two @entity0 were randomly selected from volunteers with @entity3 living in a hyperendemic area. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, nursing vs. gestation, age less than 5 years, and duration of disease of more than 4 months. Each @entity0 received MA (60 mg/kg/day) or AL (20 mg/kg/day) plus low-dose MA (30 mg/kg/day) for 20 days, and was followed up for 30 days after cessation of treatment. The study was completed as planned in 66 @entity0 . Complete healing occurred in 74.2% of @entity0 in the MA group and in 80.6% of @entity0 in the MA + AL group. No difference was found between the two groups with respect to side-effects. The combination of AL and MA increases the anti-leishmanial effects of antimoniate. In this study, it was confirmed that low-dose MA plus AL is as effective as high-dose MA in the treatment of @entity3 caused by @entity2 .

title: Treatment of @entity3 with a combination of XXXX and low-dose @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a combination of @entity1 (AL) and low-dose @entity4 (MA) with standard-dose MA in @entity3 caused by @entity2 . An open, controlled study was performed. Seventy-two @entity0 were randomly selected from volunteers with @entity3 living in a hyperendemic area. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, nursing vs. gestation, age less than 5 years, and duration of disease of more than 4 months. Each @entity0 received MA (60 mg/kg/day) or AL (20 mg/kg/day) plus low-dose MA (30 mg/kg/day) for 20 days, and was followed up for 30 days after cessation of treatment. The study was completed as planned in 66 @entity0 . Complete healing occurred in 74.2% of @entity0 in the MA group and in 80.6% of @entity0 in the MA + AL group. No difference was found between the two groups with respect to side-effects. The combination of AL and MA increases the anti-leishmanial effects of antimoniate. In this study, it was confirmed that low-dose MA plus AL is as effective as high-dose MA in the treatment of @entity3 caused by @entity2 .

title: Treatment of XXXX with a combination of @entity1 and low-dose @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a combination of @entity1 (AL) and low-dose @entity4 (MA) with standard-dose MA in @entity3 caused by @entity2 . An open, controlled study was performed. Seventy-two @entity0 were randomly selected from volunteers with @entity3 living in a hyperendemic area. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, nursing vs. gestation, age less than 5 years, and duration of disease of more than 4 months. Each @entity0 received MA (60 mg/kg/day) or AL (20 mg/kg/day) plus low-dose MA (30 mg/kg/day) for 20 days, and was followed up for 30 days after cessation of treatment. The study was completed as planned in 66 @entity0 . Complete healing occurred in 74.2% of @entity0 in the MA group and in 80.6% of @entity0 in the MA + AL group. No difference was found between the two groups with respect to side-effects. The combination of AL and MA increases the anti-leishmanial effects of antimoniate. In this study, it was confirmed that low-dose MA plus AL is as effective as high-dose MA in the treatment of @entity3 caused by @entity2 .

title: Treatment of @entity3 with a combination of @entity1 and low-dose XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Central venous catheterization (CVC)-related @entity1 is a common but serious clinical complication, thus prevention and treatment on this problem should be extensively investigated. In this research, we aimed to investigate the incidence rate of CVC-related @entity1 in senile @entity0 and give a further discussion on the related risk factors and predictors. A total of 324 hospitalized senile male @entity0 subjected to CVC were selected. Retrospective investigation and analysis were conducted on age, underlying diseases, clinical medications, catheterization position and side, catheter retention time, and incidence of CVC-related @entity1 . Basic laboratory test results during catheterization and thrombogenesis were also collected and analyzed. Among the 324 @entity0 , 20 cases (6.17%) of CVC-related @entity1 were diagnoseds. The incidence rate of CVC-related @entity1 in subclavian vein catheterization was significantly lower than that in femoral vein catheterization (P<0.01) and that in internal jugular vein catheterization (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between femoral vein catheterization and internal jugular vein catheterization (P<0.05). Previous @entity1 history (P<0.01), high @entity2 dehydrogenase level (P<0.01), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level (P<0.05), and low albumin level (P<0.05) were found as risk factors or predictors of CVC-related @entity1 in senile male @entity0 . Subclavian vein catheterization was the most appropriate choice among senile @entity0 to decrease the incidence of CVC-related @entity1 . Previous @entity1 history, high @entity2 dehydrogenase level, low HDL level, and low albumin level were important risk factors in predicting CVC-related @entity1 .

title: Central venous catheter-related thrombosis in senile male XXXX : New risk factors and predictors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Motions of the forearm induced by electrical stimulation to two elbow flexors (brachioradialis: BR, biceps brachii: BB) were examined in five healthy @entity0 subjects. Stainless steel wire electrodes were implanted percutaneously into each motor point of the muscles. The muscles were stimulated separately with a computer-controlled multi-channel stimulator. The motions were taken with a digital video system. Angular changes of the motions in elbow flexion/extension and forearm pronation/supination were measured. Electromyograms (EMG) of BR, BB, and the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were recorded. Electrical stimulation to BR induced a motion of flexion and that to BB motions of flexion and supination. The stimulation to BR with an adequate intensity provided holding of flexion with the prone forearm in all the subjects. In this situation, additional stimulation to BB resulted in motions of flexion and supination. However, the additional stimulation accompanied with a decrease of the stimulation intensity for BR provided a motion of supination with maintenance of the flexion in all the subjects. Since during the stimulation BR, BB, and @entity1 showed no @entity2 in EMG, it is suggested that modulation of contraction between BR and BB by the stimulation can produce force in supination with keeping constant force in flexion to support the weight below the elbow.

title: A motion of forearm supination with maintenance of elbow flexion produced by electrical stimulation to two elbow flexors in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and costs of falls among the elderly in institutional care. DESIGN: A prospective study during the course of 1 year. SETTING: Four institutions in Finland. SUBJECTS: A total of 554 falls and 211 @entity1 among @entity0 over 60 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Falls and @entity1 were recorded prospectively. Treatment and the costs of injuries were analysed retrospectively. The incidence of falls and @entity1 was expressed per 1000 @entity0 years. Costs of @entity1 treated outside the @entity0 's own ward were calculated. RESULTS: The total incidence of falls was 1398/1000 @entity0 years. The incidence of @entity2 per 1000 @entity0 years was 54 (95% CI; 25-83) in @entity0 and 10 (95% CI; 1-54) in @entity0 . @entity0 fell on their hips or buttocks more often than @entity0 did (p < 0.01). Incidence of @entity3 per 1000 @entity0 years was 214 (95% CI; 160-267) in @entity0 and 433 (95% CI; 302-565) in @entity0 . The average costs were @entity4 944 per fall. CONCLUSION: One-third of all falls resulted in an injury and every fifth injurious fall resulted in treatment outside the @entity0 's own ward. The type of fall and the injury profile differed between @entity0 and @entity0 .

title: Incidence and costs of falls and XXXX among elderly in institutional care.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surveillance of @entity2 among U.S. college students found an elevated rate of this disease among first-year students living in dormitories. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the economics of routinely vaccinating a cohort of 591,587 incoming first-year students who will live in dormitories for > or =1 years. METHODS: A cost-benefit model (societal perspective) was constructed to measure the net present value (NPV) of various vaccination scenarios, as well as the cost/case and cost/ @entity1 averted. Input values included hospitalization costs from  10,924 to  24,030 per hospitalization; immunization costs (vaccine plus administration costs) from  54 to  88 per vaccine; 30 nonfatal, vaccine-preventable cases over a 4-year period (includes 3 with sequelae); 3 premature deaths; value of @entity0 life from  1.2 million to  4.8 million; and long-run sequelae costs from  1298 to  14,600. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted on vaccine efficacy (80% to 90%); discount rate (0% to 5%); and coverage (60% to 100%). RESULTS: The costs of vaccination outweighed the benefits gained with NPVs ranging from - 11 million to - 49 million. The net cost per case averted ranged from  0.6 million to  1.9 million. The net cost per @entity1 averted ranged from  7 million to  20 million. The break-even costs of vaccination (when NPV= 0) at 60% coverage ranged from  23 (90% vaccine efficacy) to  5 (80% efficacy). CONCLUSIONS: The model showed that the vaccination program is not cost-saving. Key variables influencing the results were the low number of vaccine-preventable cases and the high cost of vaccination. However, from the perspective of students and parents, the cost of vaccination might be worth the real or perceived benefit of reducing the risk to an individual student of developing @entity2 .

title: Vaccinating first-year college students living in dormitories for XXXX : an economic analysis.

answer: @entity2