abstract: The efficacy, safety and effect of a single, 1-g dose of @entity7 on the return of vaginal flora were compared to those of the standard regimen of three 2-g doses of @entity4 for prophylaxis in 99 randomized @entity0 undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Thirty-four were studied in Dallas and 65 in Los Angeles. Surgical procedures were comparable for all the antibiotic groups, although proportionately more simple hysterectomies were performed in Dallas. The @entity0 received a @entity5 vaginal preparation immediately before surgery; vaginal packs, when used, contained no antimicrobial agents. Primary prophylactic failure (operative site @entity1 ) occurred in 1 of 52 (1.9%) and 4 of 47 (8.5%) of the @entity7 - and @entity4 -treated @entity0 , respectively, for a nonsignificant difference. All five primary prophylactic failures occurred in the Los Angeles @entity0 . One @entity0 in each antibiotic group developed a @entity2 and was classified as a secondary prophylactic failure. Febrile morbidity, length of hospital stay and incidence of adverse effects did not differ by antibiotic. The enterococcus was commonly found in the postoperative vaginal flora and was of no value in predicting @entity1 . Enterobacter species and @entity3 were isolated more commonly in @entity0 who received @entity4 . Diphtheroids, @entity6 and Peptostreptococcus species were isolated more commonly in @entity0 treated with @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy and safety of single-dose @entity7 vs. multiple-dose XXXX in preventing @entity1 after vaginal hysterectomy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The efficacy, safety and effect of a single, 1-g dose of @entity7 on the return of vaginal flora were compared to those of the standard regimen of three 2-g doses of @entity4 for prophylaxis in 99 randomized @entity0 undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Thirty-four were studied in Dallas and 65 in Los Angeles. Surgical procedures were comparable for all the antibiotic groups, although proportionately more simple hysterectomies were performed in Dallas. The @entity0 received a @entity5 vaginal preparation immediately before surgery; vaginal packs, when used, contained no antimicrobial agents. Primary prophylactic failure (operative site @entity1 ) occurred in 1 of 52 (1.9%) and 4 of 47 (8.5%) of the @entity7 - and @entity4 -treated @entity0 , respectively, for a nonsignificant difference. All five primary prophylactic failures occurred in the Los Angeles @entity0 . One @entity0 in each antibiotic group developed a @entity2 and was classified as a secondary prophylactic failure. Febrile morbidity, length of hospital stay and incidence of adverse effects did not differ by antibiotic. The enterococcus was commonly found in the postoperative vaginal flora and was of no value in predicting @entity1 . Enterobacter species and @entity3 were isolated more commonly in @entity0 who received @entity4 . Diphtheroids, @entity6 and Peptostreptococcus species were isolated more commonly in @entity0 treated with @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy and safety of single-dose @entity7 vs. multiple-dose @entity4 in preventing XXXX after vaginal hysterectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate an association between saprophytic @entity3 occurring at the bronchial @entity1 (BA) and the development of additional complications arising at this site. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: University lung transplant center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of all single-lung and double-lung transplant (LTX) recipients who underwent transplantation between June 1993 and December 2000. All recipients were subjected to surveillance bronchoscopy with biopsy at predetermined intervals and when clinically indicated. Bronchial wash fluid and biopsy material were examined using appropriate fungal stains and culture techniques. An @entity2 was defined when fungal organisms were identified in tissue specimens. RESULTS: Fifteen saprophytic @entity3 involving the BA were identified in 61 LTX recipients (24.6%) who survived a minimum of 75 days post-transplantation. Infections were attributed to Aspergillus sp (n = 9), Candida sp (n = 2), @entity8 sp (n = 1), and mixed flora (ie, Penicillium + Candida, two @entity0 ; and Aspergillus + Candida, one @entity0 ). @entity3 occurred by a median of postoperative day 35 (range, 13 to 159 days). Airway complications involving the BA ultimately developed in 11 of 61 recipients (18%). These complications included symptomatic @entity5 (nine @entity0 ), @entity7 (one @entity0 ), and fatal @entity4 (one @entity0 ). Bronchial complications arose in 7 of 15 recipients (46.7%) with saprophytic @entity3 of the BA in contrast to 4 of 46 (8.7%) without @entity2 (p = 0.003, Fisher exact test). Also demonstrated was a positive correlation between @entity2 and bronchial complications (Phi coefficient = 0.43; p = 0.001), while logistic regression analysis revealed that the absence of @entity2 predicted the absence of such complications (p = 0.002). The risk of developing an additional complication following an @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity2 was five times that of those recipients without an @entity2 (relative risk, 5.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82 to 15.79). The odds in favor of a @entity6 following an @entity2 were eight times greater than in those recipients without @entity2 (odds ratio, 8.31; 95% CI, 1.96 to 35.16). CONCLUSIONS: Following LTX, saprophytic @entity3 of the BA are associated with serious airway complications.

title: XXXX and complications involving the bronchial @entity1 following @entity0 lung transplantation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate an association between saprophytic @entity3 occurring at the bronchial @entity1 (BA) and the development of additional complications arising at this site. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: University lung transplant center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of all single-lung and double-lung transplant (LTX) recipients who underwent transplantation between June 1993 and December 2000. All recipients were subjected to surveillance bronchoscopy with biopsy at predetermined intervals and when clinically indicated. Bronchial wash fluid and biopsy material were examined using appropriate fungal stains and culture techniques. An @entity2 was defined when fungal organisms were identified in tissue specimens. RESULTS: Fifteen saprophytic @entity3 involving the BA were identified in 61 LTX recipients (24.6%) who survived a minimum of 75 days post-transplantation. Infections were attributed to Aspergillus sp (n = 9), Candida sp (n = 2), @entity8 sp (n = 1), and mixed flora (ie, Penicillium + Candida, two @entity0 ; and Aspergillus + Candida, one @entity0 ). @entity3 occurred by a median of postoperative day 35 (range, 13 to 159 days). Airway complications involving the BA ultimately developed in 11 of 61 recipients (18%). These complications included symptomatic @entity5 (nine @entity0 ), @entity7 (one @entity0 ), and fatal @entity4 (one @entity0 ). Bronchial complications arose in 7 of 15 recipients (46.7%) with saprophytic @entity3 of the BA in contrast to 4 of 46 (8.7%) without @entity2 (p = 0.003, Fisher exact test). Also demonstrated was a positive correlation between @entity2 and bronchial complications (Phi coefficient = 0.43; p = 0.001), while logistic regression analysis revealed that the absence of @entity2 predicted the absence of such complications (p = 0.002). The risk of developing an additional complication following an @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity2 was five times that of those recipients without an @entity2 (relative risk, 5.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82 to 15.79). The odds in favor of a @entity6 following an @entity2 were eight times greater than in those recipients without @entity2 (odds ratio, 8.31; 95% CI, 1.96 to 35.16). CONCLUSIONS: Following LTX, saprophytic @entity3 of the BA are associated with serious airway complications.

title: @entity3 and complications involving the bronchial XXXX following @entity0 lung transplantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate an association between saprophytic @entity3 occurring at the bronchial @entity1 (BA) and the development of additional complications arising at this site. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: University lung transplant center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of all single-lung and double-lung transplant (LTX) recipients who underwent transplantation between June 1993 and December 2000. All recipients were subjected to surveillance bronchoscopy with biopsy at predetermined intervals and when clinically indicated. Bronchial wash fluid and biopsy material were examined using appropriate fungal stains and culture techniques. An @entity2 was defined when fungal organisms were identified in tissue specimens. RESULTS: Fifteen saprophytic @entity3 involving the BA were identified in 61 LTX recipients (24.6%) who survived a minimum of 75 days post-transplantation. Infections were attributed to Aspergillus sp (n = 9), Candida sp (n = 2), @entity8 sp (n = 1), and mixed flora (ie, Penicillium + Candida, two @entity0 ; and Aspergillus + Candida, one @entity0 ). @entity3 occurred by a median of postoperative day 35 (range, 13 to 159 days). Airway complications involving the BA ultimately developed in 11 of 61 recipients (18%). These complications included symptomatic @entity5 (nine @entity0 ), @entity7 (one @entity0 ), and fatal @entity4 (one @entity0 ). Bronchial complications arose in 7 of 15 recipients (46.7%) with saprophytic @entity3 of the BA in contrast to 4 of 46 (8.7%) without @entity2 (p = 0.003, Fisher exact test). Also demonstrated was a positive correlation between @entity2 and bronchial complications (Phi coefficient = 0.43; p = 0.001), while logistic regression analysis revealed that the absence of @entity2 predicted the absence of such complications (p = 0.002). The risk of developing an additional complication following an @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity2 was five times that of those recipients without an @entity2 (relative risk, 5.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82 to 15.79). The odds in favor of a @entity6 following an @entity2 were eight times greater than in those recipients without @entity2 (odds ratio, 8.31; 95% CI, 1.96 to 35.16). CONCLUSIONS: Following LTX, saprophytic @entity3 of the BA are associated with serious airway complications.

title: @entity3 and complications involving the bronchial @entity1 following XXXX lung transplantation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of the Charnley-Williams method of intramedullary fixation for treatment of @entity4 of the tibia have varied, in part because of variations in surgical technique. The outcomes of three variations of this procedure were compared to determine which technique was the most likely to result in union. METHODS: The results in twenty-three consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 of the tibia were reviewed at four to fourteen years following initial surgical treatment with an intramedullary rod. Three types of procedures were performed: type A, which consisted of resection of the tibial @entity4 with @entity5 , insertion of an intramedullary rod into the tibia, and tibial bone-grafting combined with fibular resection or osteotomy and insertion of an intramedullary rod into the fibula; type B, which was identical to type A except that it did not include fibular fixation; and type C, which consisted of insertion of a tibial rod and bone-grafting but no fibular surgery. The outcome was classified as grade 1 when there was unequivocal union with full weight-bearing function and maintenance of alignment requiring no additional surgical treatment; grade 2 when there was equivocal union with useful function, with the limb protected by a brace, and/or valgus or sagittal bowing for which additional surgery was required or anticipated; and grade 3 when there was persistent nonunion or refracture, requiring full-time external support for @entity2 and/or instability. RESULTS: Eleven @entity0 (48%) ultimately had a grade-1 outcome; nine, a grade-2 outcome; and three, a grade-3 outcome. The final outcome was not associated with either the initial radiographic appearance of the lesion or the age of the @entity0 at the time of the initial surgery. The results following type-A and B operations were better than those after type-C procedures. Surgery on an intact fibula resulted in a lower prevalence of grade-3 outcomes than was found when an intact fibula was not operated on (p = 0.05). Transfixation of the ankle joint by the intramedullary rod did not decrease the prevalence of grade-3 outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: There is little justification for a type-C operation, as it either resulted in a persistent nonunion or failed to improve an equivocal outcome in every case. Leaving an intact fibula undisturbed to maintain stability or length also was not successful in this series. In addition, the presence of fibular insufficiency ( @entity3 or a pre-pseudarthrotic lesion) was highly prognostic for subsequent @entity1 (occurring in ten of twelve cases), whether or not the fibula eventually healed.

title: XXXX of the tibia: results of technical variations in the charnley-williams procedure.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 16 consecutive totally edentulous @entity0 were provided with 95 osseointegrated @entity1 fixtures in 7 upper and 9 lower jaws. Facultatively removable bridges were later connected to abutments, attached to the fixtures. The marginal soft and hard tissue reactions were investigated at a baseline examination and after 6, 12, 21, 30 and 39 months by standardized clinical and radiographical methods. At the last examination, microbiological samples and gingival biopsies were also analysed. The % ratios of abutments without plaque, 70-75%, and without any @entity4 , 80-85%, were almost constant throughout the study. The mean probing depth was 2.9 mm at the final examination. About 75% of all probing depths were 3 mm or less and none exceeded 5 mm. The bridge-gingiva distances increased during the investigation. @entity2 surrounded 65% of the buccal and lingual abutment surfaces. Only 0.9 mm marginal bone was lost as a mean during the first year and not more than 0.05 mm annually for the next 2 years. After 6 months, no significant changes in marginal bone levels occurred. The perifixtural bone gradually became more radiopaque, especially marginally in upper jaws, indicating a successive load-related remodelling. The microbiotia comprised coccoid cells and non-motile rods to 93% in 32 samples. Healthy tissues were present in 35% of the 14 soft tissue biopsies. In a further 29%, only a slight inflammation was observed. No constant correlations could be established for any of the investigation parameters used. It is concluded that the marginal soft tissue reactions were mild and not significant for a progressive @entity3 . Mobility tests of separate fixtures combined with quantitative and qualitative standardized radiological examinations of the surrounding bone appear to provide a truer comprehension of longitudinal events at osseointegrated implants than conventional clinical soft tissue observations. The prognosis for the osseointegrated implants appears excellent, especially with regard to the microbiotia, the small marginal bone height changes, and the radiological indications of remodelling in the perifixtural bone.

title: Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated XXXX fixtures (I). A 3-year longitudinal prospective study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Inconsistent conclusions have been drawn about the clinical significance of micrometastases in lymph nodes (LNs) of node-negative @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . We performed a comparative study of detection of micrometastases using immunohistochemistry (IHC) by anti-cytokeratin antibody and @entity4 ( @entity4 )-specific reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the same @entity0 , in an attempt to move closer to their clinical application. @entity0 AND METHODS: Sixty-four @entity2 @entity0 , with RNA of good quality available from @entity5 -embedded LN specimens, were selected from 84 stage II @entity0 who underwent curative surgery between 1988 and 1996. We investigated associations between the presence of micrometastases by each method and prognosis. RESULTS: Micrometastases were detected in 19 (29.6%) of 64 @entity0 by RT-PCR and in 35 (54.7%) of 64 @entity0 by IHC. By RT-PCR analysis, @entity0 exhibiting a positive band for @entity4 mRNA had a significantly worse prognosis than those who were RT-PCR-negative, with respect to both disease-free and overall survival (P =.027 and.015, respectively). By IHC analysis, the presence of micrometastasis did not predict @entity0 outcome in terms of either disease-free or overall survival. Infiltrating pattern of @entity1 growth characteristic was significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival among various clinical or pathologic factors. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, micrometastasis detected by RT-PCR and the @entity3 were both independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Micrometastases detected by RT-PCR, but not IHC, may be of clinical value in identifying @entity0 who may be at high risk for recurrence of @entity2 and who are therefore likely to benefit from systemic adjuvant therapy.

title: Comparative detection of lymph node micrometastases of stage II XXXX by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the significance of the hippocampal volume differences and its relation with @entity2 treatment in @entity1 . In @entity1 @entity0 who were on @entity2 treatment (n = 11) and in healthy volunteers (n = 11), volumes of the hippocampi were estimated using magnetic resonance images (MRIs). A detailed systematic series of coronal MRIs of the entire brain (3 mm thickness, T(1)-weighted, TR/TE 400/10 ms) was obtained for each subject. All estimations were done according to Cavalieri's method by a modified point-counting grid placed on surface areas of hippocampal slices. The mean right and left hippocampal volumes in schizophrenics and control subjects were 1059.4 and 1003.2 mm(3), and 1780.1 and 1589.1 mm(3), respectively. The corresponding coefficients of errors were 0.05 and 0.068, and 0.059 and 0.081, respectively. The volumes of left and right hemispheres were not significantly different in both @entity1 @entity0 and controls (p > 0.05). However, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between hippocampal volumes of the @entity1 @entity0 and controls. In conclusion, the hippocampal volume of the @entity1 @entity0 is significantly smaller than of the healthy controls. The @entity0 who responded well to @entity2 treatment had significantly greater hippocampal volumes than the @entity0 who did not respond properly. Thus, hippocampal volume may be a predictor of the treatment response of schizophrenics to @entity2 .

title: Hippocampal volume in XXXX and its relationship with @entity2 treatment: a stereological study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the significance of the hippocampal volume differences and its relation with @entity2 treatment in @entity1 . In @entity1 @entity0 who were on @entity2 treatment (n = 11) and in healthy volunteers (n = 11), volumes of the hippocampi were estimated using magnetic resonance images (MRIs). A detailed systematic series of coronal MRIs of the entire brain (3 mm thickness, T(1)-weighted, TR/TE 400/10 ms) was obtained for each subject. All estimations were done according to Cavalieri's method by a modified point-counting grid placed on surface areas of hippocampal slices. The mean right and left hippocampal volumes in schizophrenics and control subjects were 1059.4 and 1003.2 mm(3), and 1780.1 and 1589.1 mm(3), respectively. The corresponding coefficients of errors were 0.05 and 0.068, and 0.059 and 0.081, respectively. The volumes of left and right hemispheres were not significantly different in both @entity1 @entity0 and controls (p > 0.05). However, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between hippocampal volumes of the @entity1 @entity0 and controls. In conclusion, the hippocampal volume of the @entity1 @entity0 is significantly smaller than of the healthy controls. The @entity0 who responded well to @entity2 treatment had significantly greater hippocampal volumes than the @entity0 who did not respond properly. Thus, hippocampal volume may be a predictor of the treatment response of schizophrenics to @entity2 .

title: Hippocampal volume in @entity1 and its relationship with XXXX treatment: a stereological study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of interventional cardiology (PCI) started already with the introduction of catheterization but was pushed forward by A. Gr  ntzig with the percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) 1977. In the beginning very slow progress could be observed. This changed when Gr  ntzig changes to Emory university, Atlanta. Already after 10 years alternative techniques were introduced like stent implantation and rotablation, coronary atherectomy, laser angioplasty, ultrasound therapy. During the following years, it became obvious that only for stent implantation (see W. Rutsch et al, Berlin, p.481) and rotablation (see T. Dill et al, Bad Nauheim, p.502) standard indications could be seen in addition to PTCA. Brachytherapy for treatment of in stent restenosis and laserwire recanalisation of occluded vessels were added. NEW METHODS: New protection systems - aspiration or filters - were introduced for increase of PCI safety in @entity7 (see C. Hamm et al, Bad Nauheim, p.527). The main step forward seems to be the introduction of drug eluting covered stent either with polymer (see E. Grube et al, Siegburg, p.508) or ceramic coating (see H. Wieneke et al, Essen, p.518). @entity3 rates, which were already reduced by bare stent for 20-30%, could be lowered below 10%. RESULTS: In @entity0 with @entity1 and main stem @entity6 or multi @entity2 , @entity4 bypass surgery is indicated, but in other @entity0 PCI seems to be as good as surgery in relation to mortality and @entity5 rates. With drug eluting stents the role of PCI may become even more pronounced, because the revascularization rate could be further reduced (see W. Rutsch, Berlin, p.481). CONCLUSION: The future will demonstrate even further main steps for interventions like the percutaneous bypass attempts and the introduction of gen-therapy (A. B. Buchwald, G  ttingen, p.533). Meanwhile we can observe a drop of 1-2% mortality in @entity4 related to 60% influence of prevention and 40% to advanced PCI therapy. This is still a remarkable successful story in medicine provided by cardiology.

title: [Future of interventional cardiology in the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: We studied 22 @entity4 @entity0 with strong quadriceps and good ambulatory capability who had a dislocated hip. These @entity0 did not have @entity2 , had good to excellent hip motion and could sit with no difficulty. All but one was a good to excellent community ambulator with crutches and orthoses. Twenty-five percent had limb length inequality requiring shoe lifts but this combination did not impair functional capability. None owned wheelchairs. Seven had associated @entity1 which required treatment. We concluded that the @entity3 in these @entity0 was not significant. We evaluated a similar series of 11 @entity0 who had open reduction of a dislocated hip an average of 18 months ago. Two @entity0 were slightly improved and five @entity0 were significantly worse after the open reductions. Serious complications related to the surgery ensued in half of the cases. The cost of the surgery and treatment of the complications in these 11 @entity0 was  400,000. We concluded that surgical treatment of @entity3 in ambulatory @entity4 @entity0 offered no clear cut benefit.

title: The natural history of XXXX in ambulatory myelomeningoceles.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Genomic instability is believed to play a significant role in @entity1 development by facilitating @entity1 progression and @entity1 heterogeneity. Inter-simple sequence repeat (inter-SSR) PCR has been proved to be a fast and reproducible technique for quantitation of genomic instability (amplifications, deletions, translocations, and insertions) in @entity0 @entity1 . However, the use of inter-SSR PCR in animal models of @entity1 has never been described. This new technique has been adapted in our laboratory for the analysis of spontaneous and induced @entity2 @entity1 . We established the best PCR conditions for each microsatellite-anchored primer and critically evaluated the reproducibility of the band patterns. We also studied the variation of the fingerprints between and within various inbred @entity2 strains, including wild-derived lines. Tumor-specific alterations were detected as gains, losses, or intensity changes in bands when compared with matched normal DNA. We quantitated the extent of alterations by dividing the number of altered bands in the @entity1 by the total number of bands in normal DNA (instability index). By means of inter-SSR PCR, we successfully analyzed genomic alterations in various @entity2 @entity1 , including spontaneous @entity7 developed in @entity9 knockout @entity2 as well as chemically induced @entity5 and @entity7 . Instability index values ranged between 0 and 9%, the highest levels observed in @entity8 -induced @entity7 generated in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) nullizygote (-/-) @entity2 . We report here, for the first time, the use of inter-SSR PCR to detect somatic mutations in @entity2 tumoral DNA, including laser-capture microdissected, @entity6 -fixed tissues. These PCR-based fingerprints provide a novel approach to assessing the number and onset of mutational events in @entity2 @entity1 and will help to understand better the mechanisms of @entity3 in @entity2 models.

title: Application of inter-simple sequence repeat PCR to @entity2 models: assessment of genetic alterations in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Genomic instability is believed to play a significant role in @entity1 development by facilitating @entity1 progression and @entity1 heterogeneity. Inter-simple sequence repeat (inter-SSR) PCR has been proved to be a fast and reproducible technique for quantitation of genomic instability (amplifications, deletions, translocations, and insertions) in @entity0 @entity1 . However, the use of inter-SSR PCR in animal models of @entity1 has never been described. This new technique has been adapted in our laboratory for the analysis of spontaneous and induced @entity2 @entity1 . We established the best PCR conditions for each microsatellite-anchored primer and critically evaluated the reproducibility of the band patterns. We also studied the variation of the fingerprints between and within various inbred @entity2 strains, including wild-derived lines. Tumor-specific alterations were detected as gains, losses, or intensity changes in bands when compared with matched normal DNA. We quantitated the extent of alterations by dividing the number of altered bands in the @entity1 by the total number of bands in normal DNA (instability index). By means of inter-SSR PCR, we successfully analyzed genomic alterations in various @entity2 @entity1 , including spontaneous @entity7 developed in @entity9 knockout @entity2 as well as chemically induced @entity5 and @entity7 . Instability index values ranged between 0 and 9%, the highest levels observed in @entity8 -induced @entity7 generated in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) nullizygote (-/-) @entity2 . We report here, for the first time, the use of inter-SSR PCR to detect somatic mutations in @entity2 tumoral DNA, including laser-capture microdissected, @entity6 -fixed tissues. These PCR-based fingerprints provide a novel approach to assessing the number and onset of mutational events in @entity2 @entity1 and will help to understand better the mechanisms of @entity3 in @entity2 models.

title: Application of inter-simple sequence repeat PCR to XXXX models: assessment of genetic alterations in @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Lymphocytic infiltrates were isolated from normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic @entity3 mammary tissues. The surface markers on the infiltrating lymphocytes were characterized by immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. Preneoplastic and neoplastic tissues contained 10- to 20-fold more in situ lymphocytes than did the normal pregnant gland. Most of these lympocytes were T-cells. Relative to the T-cells in normal gland, the T-cells in C4 preneoplastic @entity4 and their spontaneous @entity2 have shifted in favor of the killer-suppressor subpopulation. This shift of T-cell subpopulations was a localized phenomenon and was not seen in the lymph nodes of @entity4 and @entity2 bearing @entity3 . C4 lesion infiltrating cells also contained a subpopulation of lymphocytes that expressed 5- to 6-fold more LFA-1 antigen (lymphocyte function associated antigen-1) than did normal lymph node cells. The infiltrating lymphocytes of @entity2 from cloned cell lines, on the contrary, had the same staining profile as did the lymphocytes from normal gland. Since most studies with @entity1 @entity0 have demonstrated increased killer/suppressor T-cells and the presence of activated lymphocytes (J. Hurlimann and P. Saraga, Int. J. @entity2 , 35: 753-762, 1985; H.L. Whitwell, H.P.A. Hughes, M. Moore, and A. Ahmed, Br. J. @entity2 , 49: 161-172, 1984; and J.A. Ledbetter, R.V. Rouse, H. Spedding Micklem, and L. Herzenberg, J. Exp. Med., 152: 280-295, 1980) the C4 @entity4 and spontaneous @entity2 system may be a more relevant model for studying @entity0 .

title: Characterization of lymphocytic infiltrates in normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic XXXX mammary tissues.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Most complex @entity3 are associated with a longitudinal tear of the rotator cuff. Reconstruction of this tear is frequently omitted from surgical reduction and fixation procedures. In 48 @entity0 treated by surgery or by conservative means, we investigated the relationship between rotator cuff integrity and the functional results. The rotator cuff was assessed by ultrasonography, the functional results by the Constant Score. Common signs of rotator cuff alterations were partial or complete @entity2 . In all @entity0 affected, a @entity1 located at the rotator interval was detected. A classification of rotator cuff alterations resulting from @entity3 was introduced, yielding three categories: none, moderate, or severe. In three @entity0 , sonographic results were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Rotator cuff alterations were often associated with displaced consolidation results. Furthermore, the integrity of the rotator cuff significantly correlated with the function achieved. The results support the need for a careful rotator cuff repair in order to optimise treatment results.

title: Rotator cuff alterations resulting from XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: It is well known that the luteal function in the @entity0 with @entity6 is much suppressed by high level of serum @entity7 . Present study was performed to investigate whether the luteal function in the @entity0 with transient or occulted @entity6 was affected by the transient increase of serum @entity7 level. The circadian changes of serum FSH, LH, @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity1 and @entity3 levels were examined in seven cases of the transient or occulted @entity6 whose BBT charts showed biphasic patterns. Serum @entity7 levels of these @entity0 were less than 25 ng/ml at daytime and more than 150 ng/ml at 30 minutes after the administration of 500 micrograms of @entity2 . Blood samplings were taken every two hours through an intravenous indwelling catheter without any disturbances. All of the @entity0 had their breakfast at 7 to 8, lunch at 11 to 12 and dinner at 17 to 18 o'clock and slept from 22 until 6 in the next morning. Serum FSH, LH, @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity1 and @entity3 levels were determined by RIA and the circadian changes of these hormones were analysed. Then, 5 mg of @entity5 was administered every day to these @entity0 for more than 30 days and the duration of the luteal phase and the mid-luteal serum @entity1 and @entity3 levels for the indicators of the luteal function were examined before and after the administration of @entity5 . The circadian changes of serum @entity7 levels in the @entity0 showed significant increase during both daytime and night compared to those of the control (p less than 0.005, p less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Effects of transient or occult XXXX on luteal function].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) by means of simultaneous biventricular pacing improves left ventricular systolic performance and synchrony in @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity5 . We used tissue tracking and 3D echocardiography to evaluate the impact of sequential CRT with individualized interventricular delay programming. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty consecutive @entity0 with severe @entity1 and @entity2 were included. Tissue tracking and 3D echocardiography were carried out before and on the day after pacemaker implantation. Eleven different @entity6 were examined in each @entity0 . @entity0 were reexamined after 3 months. Simultaneous CRT immediately reduced the extent of @entity3 displaying delayed @entity4 (DLC) from 48.6+/-16% to 23.2+/-13% (P<0.01) and increased left ventricular ejection fraction percentage (LVEF%) from 22.4+/-6% to 29.7+/-5% (P<0.01). However, optimum sequential CRT caused a further reduction in the extent of DLC from 23.2+/-13% to 11.1+/-7.2% (P<0.01), with a simultaneous increase in LVEF% (from 29.7+/-5% to 33.9+/-6%, P<0.01). Three months of optimum sequential CRT further improved LVEF% (from 33.6+/-6% to 38.6+/-7.2%, P<0.01). Tissue tracking detected the segments with DLC, and their location determined optimum interventricular delay programming. Compared with simultaneous CRT, sequential CRT increased diastolic filling time by 7+/-2.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with simultaneous CRT, sequential CRT significantly improves left ventricular systolic and diastolic performance. Tissue tracking can be used to select optimum interventricular delay during CRT.

title: Sequential versus simultaneous biventricular resynchronization for severe XXXX : evaluation by tissue Doppler imaging.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Discontinuation of dialysis is a common cause of @entity4 in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity0 in North America and the UK, but appears to be unusual in the rest of Europe. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize withdrawal from dialysis in a French population cohort. METHODS: We assessed the cause of @entity4 , and the medical and social characteristics of chronic dialysis @entity0 in a French population who died in 2001. We compared @entity0 who died after withdrawal from dialysis and @entity0 continuing dialysis until @entity4 . We determined the decision-making process when dialysis was withdrawn. RESULTS: In a population cohort of 1436 dialysis @entity0 , 196 died (13.9%). Of them, 40 @entity0 (20.4%) died following withdrawal from dialysis. This was the most common cause of @entity4 , followed by @entity7 (18.4%). @entity0 withdrawing from dialysis had a significantly higher rate of @entity5 (17.5 vs 6.4%, P = 0.02), a poor general condition (55 vs 15.4%, P < 0.001), and were dependent in their life for everyday activities in comparison with @entity0 who died from other causes. They were not different in age, sex, duration of dialysis treatment, dialysis technique, @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity3 or @entity1 , but the sample size was small. Treatment was more often removed in @entity0 with severe medical complications and/or @entity8 (90%). The decision to stop dialysis was made most often by a physician (77.5%). CONCLUSION: Death after withdrawing from dialysis was the most common cause of @entity4 in @entity6 @entity0 in our French population cohort. The @entity0 who died after discontinuation of treatment were more often in a poor general condition, near the end of life, and most often the physician decided to stop dialysis treatment.

title: Death after withdrawal from dialysis: the most common cause of XXXX in a French dialysis population.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Granulosa-lutein cells were harvested from periovulatory follicles in @entity0 ovaries and cultured for up to 6 days, equivalent to almost half of a normal luteal phase. The average rate of basal @entity4 accumulation in the culture medium was constant at approximately 36 nmol @entity4 /10(6) cells/day. @entity1 accumulation was too low to measure in the absence of precursor @entity3 . Basal aromatase activity (measured as @entity1 formed in 3 h from 10(-6) M exogenous @entity2 ) was high (average 1.15 nmol @entity1 /10(6) cells/3 h) at the time of cell isolation (Day 0) but fell by greater than 90% on Day 1. By Day 2 the activity had partly recovered and averaged 62% of the Day 0 value, rising to 70% on Day 6. This loss and recovery of aromatase activity was independent of the addition of gonadotrophic hormones to the culture medium. However, dose-related increases in aromatase activity occurred in the presence of highly pure @entity0 pituitary LH (0.1-30 ng/ml). The increase was observed on Day 4 and was maximal on Day 6 (average 3-fold increase over control) in the presence of LH concentrations greater than or equal to 1.0 ng/ml. LH also caused dose-related increases in @entity4 accumulation by Day 4 with maximal stimulation on Day 6 (average 3-fold increase over control) at greater than or equal to 10.0 ng/ml. Dose-related stimulation of aromatase activity by @entity0 pituitary FSH also occurred but maximal stimulation required the presence of 300 ng FSH/ml and @entity4 accumulation was hardly affected at this dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Gonadotrophic control of steroidogenesis in XXXX granulosa-lutein cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We examined whether invasion of lymphatic and/or vascular vessels (LVI), or perineural spaces ( @entity6 ) is associated with @entity4 features and outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 630 consecutive @entity0 underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized disease. LVI and @entity6 examination was part of the routine specimen evaluation. RESULTS: Foci of LVI were identified in 32 @entity0 (5%) and 381 (60.5%) had @entity6 . LVI and @entity6 were associated with clinical stage T2 disease, higher biopsy and final Gleason sum, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle involvement, positive surgical margins and a higher percent of positive biopsy cores (p <0.001). LVI was associated with @entity1 to regional lymph nodes and higher preoperative serum @entity5 (p <0.001 and 0.004, respectively). @entity6 and LVI were associated with an increased risk of rapid biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy on univariate (p <0.001 and 0.001, respectively) but not on multivariate analysis. LVI was associated with shorter @entity5 doubling time after biochemical progression (p = 0.012) and higher probabilities of failed local salvage radiation therapy (p = 0.0169), distant @entity1 (p <0.001) and @entity3 (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Only LVI is associated with @entity1 to regional and distant sites, and most importantly with overall survival. LVI and @entity6 are associated with established markers of @entity2 and rapid biochemical progression in @entity0 who underwent radical prostatectomy. Our findings support the routine evaluation of LVI status in radical prostatectomy specimens and its inclusion in predictive models for clinical outcomes, since it appears to be a pathological marker of the lethal phenotype of @entity4 .

title: XXXX is a pathological feature of @entity2 in @entity0 treated with radical prostatectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We examined whether invasion of lymphatic and/or vascular vessels (LVI), or perineural spaces ( @entity6 ) is associated with @entity4 features and outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 630 consecutive @entity0 underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized disease. LVI and @entity6 examination was part of the routine specimen evaluation. RESULTS: Foci of LVI were identified in 32 @entity0 (5%) and 381 (60.5%) had @entity6 . LVI and @entity6 were associated with clinical stage T2 disease, higher biopsy and final Gleason sum, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle involvement, positive surgical margins and a higher percent of positive biopsy cores (p <0.001). LVI was associated with @entity1 to regional lymph nodes and higher preoperative serum @entity5 (p <0.001 and 0.004, respectively). @entity6 and LVI were associated with an increased risk of rapid biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy on univariate (p <0.001 and 0.001, respectively) but not on multivariate analysis. LVI was associated with shorter @entity5 doubling time after biochemical progression (p = 0.012) and higher probabilities of failed local salvage radiation therapy (p = 0.0169), distant @entity1 (p <0.001) and @entity3 (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Only LVI is associated with @entity1 to regional and distant sites, and most importantly with overall survival. LVI and @entity6 are associated with established markers of @entity2 and rapid biochemical progression in @entity0 who underwent radical prostatectomy. Our findings support the routine evaluation of LVI status in radical prostatectomy specimens and its inclusion in predictive models for clinical outcomes, since it appears to be a pathological marker of the lethal phenotype of @entity4 .

title: @entity1 is a pathological feature of XXXX in @entity0 treated with radical prostatectomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We examined whether invasion of lymphatic and/or vascular vessels (LVI), or perineural spaces ( @entity6 ) is associated with @entity4 features and outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 630 consecutive @entity0 underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized disease. LVI and @entity6 examination was part of the routine specimen evaluation. RESULTS: Foci of LVI were identified in 32 @entity0 (5%) and 381 (60.5%) had @entity6 . LVI and @entity6 were associated with clinical stage T2 disease, higher biopsy and final Gleason sum, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle involvement, positive surgical margins and a higher percent of positive biopsy cores (p <0.001). LVI was associated with @entity1 to regional lymph nodes and higher preoperative serum @entity5 (p <0.001 and 0.004, respectively). @entity6 and LVI were associated with an increased risk of rapid biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy on univariate (p <0.001 and 0.001, respectively) but not on multivariate analysis. LVI was associated with shorter @entity5 doubling time after biochemical progression (p = 0.012) and higher probabilities of failed local salvage radiation therapy (p = 0.0169), distant @entity1 (p <0.001) and @entity3 (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Only LVI is associated with @entity1 to regional and distant sites, and most importantly with overall survival. LVI and @entity6 are associated with established markers of @entity2 and rapid biochemical progression in @entity0 who underwent radical prostatectomy. Our findings support the routine evaluation of LVI status in radical prostatectomy specimens and its inclusion in predictive models for clinical outcomes, since it appears to be a pathological marker of the lethal phenotype of @entity4 .

title: @entity1 is a pathological feature of @entity2 in XXXX treated with radical prostatectomy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 (ACTH)-independent @entity3 ( @entity10 ) is a heterogeneous condition in which @entity2 secretion may be mediated by @entity11 ( @entity11 ), vasopressin, @entity5 and other hormones. We studied the expression profile of @entity10 by genomic cDNA microarray analysis. Total RNA was extracted from eight tissues (three @entity11 -dependent) and compared to total RNA obtained from adrenal glands from 62 normal subjects. Genes had to be altered in 75% of the @entity0 , and be up- or downregulated at a cutoff ratio of at least 2.0; 82 and 31 genes were found to be consistently up- and downregulated, respectively. Among the former were regulators of transcription, chromatin remodeling, and cell cycle and adhesion. Downregulated sequences included genes involved in immune responses and insulin signaling. Hierarchical clustering correlated with the two main @entity10 diagnostic groups: @entity11 -dependent and non- @entity11 -dependent. The genes encoding the @entity9 protein ( @entity9 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were specifically overexpressed in the @entity11 -dependent @entity10 . For these, and six more genes, the data were validated by semiquantitative amplification in samples from a total of 32 @entity0 (the original eight, six more cases of @entity10 , and 18 other @entity4 and @entity1 ) and the H295R @entity8 cell line. In conclusion, our data confirmed @entity10 's clinical heterogeneity by identifying molecularly distinct diagnostic subgroups. Several candidate genes that may be responsible for @entity10 formation and/or progression were also identified, suggesting pathways that affect the cell cycle, adhesion and transcription as possible mediators of @entity4 .

title: Gene array analysis of XXXX confirms clinical heterogeneity and identifies several candidate genes as molecular mediators.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 (MBC) is an uncommon phenomenon, accounting for <1% of all @entity2 in @entity1 . It represents a biologically heterogeneous disorder, and its clinical course may vary from indolent and slowly progressive to rapidly metastatic disease. Most of our current knowledge regarding its biology, natural history, and treatment strategies has been extrapolated from its female counterpart. Information regarding prognostic relevance of new molecular markers is limited. At the European Institute of Oncology we performed a study showing data in which p21Waf1 and @entity5 proteins were evaluated in a series of @entity4 @entity1 . Our data suggest that the immunohistochemical evaluation of p21Waf1 and @entity5 expression in male @entity0 may be a further useful marker for selecting @entity1 who express functional proteins that can be predictive for the most efficient endocrine response. Moreover, searching for more conservative treatment, we introduced in our clinical practice sentinel node biopsy, and if present, sentinel node biopsy of the internal mammary chain. The potential clinical implications of complete nodal staging are far-reaching, and give us a major new opportunity to stratify male @entity1 with @entity0 for appropriate surgery as well as giving valuable prognostic information. @entity4 has biological differences compared with female @entity0 . It responds to hormonal manipulation and chemotherapy, but optimal treatment regimens in males are unknown. By analogy to the female @entity0 , post-mastectomy radiotherapy should be proposed in case of @entity3 stage and/or lymph node positivity (considering the small volume of the male mammary gland, we suggest post-mastectomy irradiation in case of T >1 cm and/or presence of >1 metastatic axillary lymph node). Breast conserving surgery, performed in selected cases of @entity4 , should be always followed by radiotherapy. Despite a wealth of small retrospective studies on MBC, its rarity means there is a lack of prospective randomized controlled treatment trials, which needs to be addressed if significant advances are to be made in the treatment of this unusual challenging disease.

title: XXXX : a special therapeutic problem. Anything new? (Review).

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Mutations of the @entity0 @entity3 gene ( @entity3 ) were reported to cause granular ( @entity6 ) and Avellino ( @entity2 ) @entity1 in various nationalities. In this study we examined the @entity3 gene in a Vietnamese population with @entity6 and @entity2 . METHODS: Eight unrelated Vietnamese families, including 20 affected and 24 unaffected individuals, were examined; 50 normal Vietnamese individuals were used as controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. The @entity3 gene was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. The corneal button was studied. RESULTS: Slit-lamp examination revealed typical features of @entity6 in most cases. A few features of @entity2 and a @entity0 with an atypical form of @entity6 were also seen. Histopathological analysis of a @entity6 cornea showed deposits that stained bright red with Masson trichrome. Sequencing revealed three distinct mutations: @entity4 in six families, @entity5 in one family, and @entity7 in another. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 and @entity5 mutations were co-segregated with the disease phenotype and thus caused @entity6 and @entity2 , respectively, in the families studied. The @entity4 detected in six of the eight families indicates that the @entity6 phenotype may be the most common in Vietnamese individuals, unlike in other Asians (Japanese and Korean), where @entity2 is most common (>90%). The @entity7 mutation may cause an atypical variant of @entity6 .

title: Mutation analysis of the @entity3 gene in Vietnamese with granular and Avellino XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Mutations of the @entity0 @entity3 gene ( @entity3 ) were reported to cause granular ( @entity6 ) and Avellino ( @entity2 ) @entity1 in various nationalities. In this study we examined the @entity3 gene in a Vietnamese population with @entity6 and @entity2 . METHODS: Eight unrelated Vietnamese families, including 20 affected and 24 unaffected individuals, were examined; 50 normal Vietnamese individuals were used as controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. The @entity3 gene was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. The corneal button was studied. RESULTS: Slit-lamp examination revealed typical features of @entity6 in most cases. A few features of @entity2 and a @entity0 with an atypical form of @entity6 were also seen. Histopathological analysis of a @entity6 cornea showed deposits that stained bright red with Masson trichrome. Sequencing revealed three distinct mutations: @entity4 in six families, @entity5 in one family, and @entity7 in another. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 and @entity5 mutations were co-segregated with the disease phenotype and thus caused @entity6 and @entity2 , respectively, in the families studied. The @entity4 detected in six of the eight families indicates that the @entity6 phenotype may be the most common in Vietnamese individuals, unlike in other Asians (Japanese and Korean), where @entity2 is most common (>90%). The @entity7 mutation may cause an atypical variant of @entity6 .

title: Mutation analysis of the XXXX gene in Vietnamese with granular and Avellino @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Correlation of histopathology with the behavior of cutaneous @entity2 in 85 @entity1 revealed two distinct histologic subtypes which were predictive of biologic behavior. The first subtype comprised 65 @entity1 of various breeds which had solitary, discrete, dermal @entity0 composed of slightly atypical mast cells. Most @entity0 in this group were histologically and behaviorally benign. However, seven solitary @entity0 with marked anisocytosis and mitotic activity recurred or spread to other sites within 2 to 3 months. The second subtype occurred in 18 @entity1 which had discrete subcutaneous nodules composed primarily of histiocyte-like cells with equivocal cytoplasmic granularity after staining with @entity3 . They were identified as mast cells by electron microscopy. Seventeen of the 18 affected @entity1 were Siamese. The histiocytic @entity2 occurred predominantly in young @entity1 (less than 4 years) and were usually multiple. In the four @entity1 of this group for which we have prolonged follow-up data, the @entity0 underwent apparently spontaneous regression within 2 years of initial @entity0 detection. Two other @entity1 had @entity0 which contained mixtures of mast cell and histiocytic morphologies.

title: The morphology and behavior of feline cutaneous XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Late urinary retention (UR) is a known complication that may occur when using high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-B) to boost external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) when treating @entity1 . However, the dosimetric, treatment and clinical factors associated with this complication are not well-known. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 1997 to March 2000 a total of 108 @entity0 with local or locally advanced @entity1 were treated with EBRT (45 Gy) and HDR-B as a boost, when 16 to 20 Gy was given in 4 fractions twice daily. Median @entity0 age was 68 years and median followup was 44 months (range 36 to 72). Each implant was performed using 8 to 18 needles with a median active length of 3 cm. Planning ultrasound target volume ranged from 23 to 65 cc. RESULTS: Biological effective doses for the urethral region ranged from 107 to 138 Gy3 (median 113). Crude and 5-year actuarial UR-free survival were 95.4% and 86.2%, respectively. Predictive factors for UR on univariate analysis were age more than 65 years (p = 0.0416), planning ultrasound target volume greater than 35 cc and active length of needles more than 3.5 cm (p = 0.0158). On multivariate analysis by Cox regression age was the only predictive factor (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: HDR-B appears to offer a safe, reproducible and effective method of boosting conventional EBRT in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity1 . Results with this technology reveal late urinary morbidity rates paralleling those achieved with other forms of treatment, but further long-term followup is still needed to warrant a definitive conclusion.

title: Late urinary morbidity with high dose prostate brachytherapy as a boost to conventional external beam radiation therapy for local and locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: We report our initial results with an original modification of Yachia corporoplasty to correct congenital and acquired ventral penile deviations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 12 @entity0 with congenital or acquired ventral curvature of the penis underwent modified corporoplasty. The surgical procedure, which was performed during artificial erection, consists of Yachia plasty done in the bed of the deep dorsal vein, which was previously resected. To our knowledge the procedure that we describe is the only corporoplasty for ventral deviation that does not require any manipulation of the neurovascular bundle but ensures at the same time definitive coalescence of the tunical edges. RESULTS: Penile curvature was completely eliminated in all @entity0 . No change in erectile function was reported by 11 @entity0 (92%). Eight @entity0 (67%) reported penile shortening (1 to 2.5 cm) but the decreased length did not cause interference with sexual activity. No other surgery related complication, such as @entity1 or loss of sensitivity, was reported. Ten of the 12 @entity0 interviewed (83%) reported full satisfaction with the results. Two @entity0 (17%) reported partial satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Nesbit procedure that we propose allows complete and definitive correction of @entity3 without any manipulation of the dorsal bundle. Excellent penile straightening and the lack of significant @entity2 result in high @entity0 satisfaction rates.

title: Modified corporoplasty for XXXX : description of the technique and initial results.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Two concerns, neither of which is particularly new, underlie the current reluctance to use @entity3 more broadly. First, an undeniable fact is that these compounds can be toxic, particularly in @entity0 with @entity1 or those receiving other nephrotoxic medications. Second, a more emotional concern is that widespread use of @entity3 , particularly the newer compounds that are more resistant to enzymatic inactivation, may engender widespread resistance. In fact, several sources lead one to doubt whether widespread use of potent and highly effective agents like @entity8 will by itself increase a clinical reservoir of more resistant microbes. First, the surveillance studies undertaken in many hospitals show some modest reduction in overall @entity7 resistance even when a drug like @entity8 is used to supplant antecedent compounds of the same class. Second, in institutions where no official surveillance programs have been undertaken but where ongoing surveillance has been maintained, susceptibility to @entity8 has remained constant when recent blood isolates are compared with blood isolates from more than 10 years ago. Third, in controlled clinical trials, particularly in immunocompromised @entity0 , the overall emergence of resistance has been remarkably low and contrasts rather strikingly with what has been observed in some monotherapeutic studies of @entity6 agents. The presence of @entity7 -resistant strains cannot be denied, but the circumstances leading to the emergence of such resistance must be carefully assessed, particularly outside of the setting in which these drugs are used as first-line therapy for critically ill @entity0 . For instance, there is substantial evidence to suggest that the topical use of @entity3 or the use of these agents when there may be environmental contamination could lead to the emergence of resistance. Before one incriminates the use of any one drug as predisposing to the emergence of resistance, one needs to have more information about the total exposure of a given bacterial population to @entity7 therapy. The emergence of resistance to @entity3 has been associated with exposure to the more commonly used agents such as @entity4 or @entity5 . With some of the newer @entity6 agents, the rate of emergence of resistance, unlike that of the @entity3 , has appeared to be remarkably high. If the concern about emergence of resistance is genuine, and to maintain consistency of approaches, the @entity2 community should focus more attention on limiting or restricting the use of the more widely used @entity6 compounds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX resistance: a worldwide perspective.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Recent clinicopathological studies identified a unique subgroup of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) that expresses @entity9 on the cell surface. This 'de novo @entity9 + @entity4 ' comprises 10% of all @entity4 and has a poorer prognosis than @entity9 - @entity4 . Comparison of gene expression profiles between de novo @entity9 + DLBCLs and @entity9 - DLBCLs shows that de novo @entity9 + @entity4 expresses high levels of @entity5 in @entity1 cells and @entity7 in the vascular cells. On the other hand, comparison between @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and DLBCLs expectedly identified @entity8 as a top feature gene. To gain insight into the molecular pathway differences among the three types of @entity2 , we evaluated the functional categories of groups of genes important for the discrimination among the three groups. We first selected 280 (from 2,142) genes, according to their individual discriminatory power. We then used the gene-shaving clustering algorithm and identified 22 clusters of genes. Of the 22 clusters, six were highly correlated with the class labels of the @entity0 and the top three clusters accounted for the major difference among the three @entity2 subtypes. A @entity6 ( @entity6 ) analysis using the average genes from the top three clusters separated the three @entity2 subtypes quite well. The functions of the genes in the top three gene clusters showed a significant enrichment of metabolism and signal transduction. To further examine whether genes of particular functions reflect more faithfully the difference between the subtypes of @entity2 , we separated the 280 informative genes into six different functional groups and performed @entity6 analysis using each of the gene groups. Four of the gene-function groups (metabolism, signal transduction pathway, transcriptional factors, cell adhesion and migration), separated the three @entity2 subtypes well, whereas apoptosis genes and cell cycle genes did not result in good separation.

title: Pathway analysis of informative genes from microarray data reveals that metabolism and signal transduction genes distinguish different subtypes of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The prognostic significance of @entity1 (AC) is controversial. We recorded somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and performed serial electroencephalography (EEG) in a 60-year-old @entity0 in @entity4 after @entity5 . The first EEG was recorded after 48 hours (GCS=5; E1-V1-M3); brain-stem reflexes were preserved. The EEG pattern showed monotonous alpha frequencies (10-11 Hz) with posterior predominance; acoustic and noxious stimuli evoked EEG reactivity. Early cortical SEPs (72 h) were normal. On the fifth day (GCS=8; E4-V1-M3), the EEG alpha pattern was replaced by a diffuse delta activity; rhythmic theta changes appeared spontaneously or in response to stimuli. The @entity0 regained consciousness on the tenth day and EEG showed posterior theta activity (6-7 c/s) partially reactive to stimuli. At the 6-month follow-up, cognitive evaluation showed mild @entity3 . Recent studies identified two forms of AC. @entity0 with complete AC have an outcome that is almost invariably poor. Conversely, incomplete AC (posteriorly accentuated alpha frequency, reactive and with SEPs mostly normal) reflects a less severe degree of @entity6 . The case we report should be classified, according to the SEPs and EEG features, as incomplete AC. The fact that the @entity0 has regained consciousness, even if with residual @entity2 , confirms the need to distinguish this variant from complete AC.

title: XXXX : prognostic significance of the incomplete variant.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was investigated in 8 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (functional class III) and in twelve controls before and after administration of 6.25 mg and 25 mg @entity5 , respectively. In four controls, CBF was measured by the intracarotid xenon-133 (133Xe) injection technique using stationary external detectors, while inhalation of 133Xe and single photon emission computer tomography was used in the remaining cases. In the control group, the cerebral metabolic rate for @entity1 was calculated from measurements of the arterio-venous @entity1 difference as well. Mean CBF was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower in the @entity0 with @entity3 as compared to our controls. Following @entity5 administration the mean arterial blood pressure decreased in the @entity3 @entity0 , ranging from 5 to 40%. Three @entity0 showed decreases of blood pressure to values of 56, 65, and 76 mm Hg, but no symptoms of @entity4 were elicited. CBF was unchanged after @entity5 administration, even in the @entity0 showing a marked @entity2 . In the control group, the blood pressure, CBF and the cerebral metabolic rate for @entity1 remained essentially constant following @entity5 administration. It is concluded that the cerebral circulation is well preserved during @entity5 treatment of @entity3 . This might be explained by a shift of the lower limit of CBF autoregulation towards lower blood pressure levels.

title: Effect of @entity5 on the cerebral circulation in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was investigated in 8 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (functional class III) and in twelve controls before and after administration of 6.25 mg and 25 mg @entity5 , respectively. In four controls, CBF was measured by the intracarotid xenon-133 (133Xe) injection technique using stationary external detectors, while inhalation of 133Xe and single photon emission computer tomography was used in the remaining cases. In the control group, the cerebral metabolic rate for @entity1 was calculated from measurements of the arterio-venous @entity1 difference as well. Mean CBF was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower in the @entity0 with @entity3 as compared to our controls. Following @entity5 administration the mean arterial blood pressure decreased in the @entity3 @entity0 , ranging from 5 to 40%. Three @entity0 showed decreases of blood pressure to values of 56, 65, and 76 mm Hg, but no symptoms of @entity4 were elicited. CBF was unchanged after @entity5 administration, even in the @entity0 showing a marked @entity2 . In the control group, the blood pressure, CBF and the cerebral metabolic rate for @entity1 remained essentially constant following @entity5 administration. It is concluded that the cerebral circulation is well preserved during @entity5 treatment of @entity3 . This might be explained by a shift of the lower limit of CBF autoregulation towards lower blood pressure levels.

title: Effect of XXXX on the cerebral circulation in @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 of the ovary is relatively rare and its origin is still controversial. Here, we report 2 cases of @entity2 . Case 1, a 59-year-old @entity0 who complained of @entity3 . Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a large solid mass in the lower abdomen. The mass was diagnosed as @entity4 preoperatively, but it turned out to be a left @entity2 at laparotomy. The @entity1 was about an adult-head size, grayish, elastic hard, and solid. In case 2, a fist-sized mass was accidentally detected in the right ovary of a 84-year-old @entity0 during laparotomy for @entity1 . Histologically both @entity1 were composed of solid proliferation of short spindle-shaped cells, that formed interlacing fascicles and showed varying degrees of @entity6 . Both @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity5 . Although this @entity1 is rather infrequent, it is necessary to consider @entity5 for differential diagnosis, when a solid @entity1 is detected in the ovary.

title: Primary XXXX of the ovary--a report of 2 resected cases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: One hundred and forty-two consecutive @entity0 with unexplained @entity5 and normal coronary arteries were followed up for a mean period of 49.3 +/- 13.1 months. No @entity3 and one @entity4 occurred. Half of the @entity0 were @entity2 -free at follow-up. A definite relationship between persistence of @entity2 and duration of @entity2 history and a positive response to @entity6 before coronary arteriography were found. @entity0 with persistent @entity2 were more frequently hospitalized for @entity1 , underwent more surgical interventions and took more often noncardiac medication. Rehospitalizations for acute @entity5 were infrequent. Two thirds of the @entity0 resumed their normal activities. Younger age, disappearance of @entity2 , type of occupation, and a shorter duration of the @entity2 history favored return to work. Nonactive @entity0 presented more intercurrent noncardiac, medical and surgical pathology. The findings in @entity0 with a previous @entity4 were similar to those of the group with only @entity5 .

title: Unexplained XXXX with normal coronary arteriograms. A follow-up study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The oxidative metabolism of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) was investigated by @entity6 determination using microsomes from nasal mucosa and liver of @entity0 and nasal mucosa and liver of @entity5 , to establish the role of metabolic activation in the organo-targets for the carcinogenicity of the @entity8 . The hepatic microsomal de-ethylation of @entity3 followed simple and biphasic Michaelis-Menten kinetics for @entity0 liver and hamster liver, respectively. Both de-ethylations were inducible by @entity4 (PB) and the @entity3 -de-ethylase activities and the Michaelis constants were determined. Microsomes from hamster liver showed a higher metabolic rate (Vmax) and a better affinity (Km) towards @entity3 with respect to microsomes from @entity0 liver. In hamster, microsomes from nasal tissue biotransformed @entity3 at a rate and affinity quite similar to those of liver. In contrast, nasal mucosa of @entity0 metabolized @entity3 poorly. The effect of @entity7 , a classical inhibitor of P-450 monooxygenases, on @entity3 de-ethylation was studied. It inhibited both hepatic and nasal @entity3 -de-ethylase activity, with greater affinity towards the latter. In addition @entity7 had a greater inhibitory effect on the hepatic P-450 isozymes induced in PB-treated animals. These results correlate well with the organotrophy of @entity3 @entity1 in the nasal region of hamster, but not of @entity0 . They suggest that for the nose the metabolic activation of @entity3 in situ is necessary to elicit its carcinogenic effect.

title: Metabolism of XXXX by nasal mucosa and hepatic microsomes from hamster and @entity0 : species specificity of nasal mucosa.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The oxidative metabolism of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) was investigated by @entity6 determination using microsomes from nasal mucosa and liver of @entity0 and nasal mucosa and liver of @entity5 , to establish the role of metabolic activation in the organo-targets for the carcinogenicity of the @entity8 . The hepatic microsomal de-ethylation of @entity3 followed simple and biphasic Michaelis-Menten kinetics for @entity0 liver and hamster liver, respectively. Both de-ethylations were inducible by @entity4 (PB) and the @entity3 -de-ethylase activities and the Michaelis constants were determined. Microsomes from hamster liver showed a higher metabolic rate (Vmax) and a better affinity (Km) towards @entity3 with respect to microsomes from @entity0 liver. In hamster, microsomes from nasal tissue biotransformed @entity3 at a rate and affinity quite similar to those of liver. In contrast, nasal mucosa of @entity0 metabolized @entity3 poorly. The effect of @entity7 , a classical inhibitor of P-450 monooxygenases, on @entity3 de-ethylation was studied. It inhibited both hepatic and nasal @entity3 -de-ethylase activity, with greater affinity towards the latter. In addition @entity7 had a greater inhibitory effect on the hepatic P-450 isozymes induced in PB-treated animals. These results correlate well with the organotrophy of @entity3 @entity1 in the nasal region of hamster, but not of @entity0 . They suggest that for the nose the metabolic activation of @entity3 in situ is necessary to elicit its carcinogenic effect.

title: Metabolism of @entity2 by nasal mucosa and hepatic microsomes from hamster and XXXX : species specificity of nasal mucosa.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 may occur even in adequately controlled @entity1 mothers. This may reflect the problem of using maternal glycemia as an indicator of fetal glycemia, because the placenta interposed between both compartments has its own @entity2 metabolism. Here, we propose a model by which the placenta protects the fetus at moderate levels of maternal @entity6 . One characteristic feature of the @entity0 placenta in @entity1 is the increased deposition of glycogen. Neither @entity6 nor @entity5 increase the glycogen content in the trophoblast. Since the glycogen increments in @entity1 are predominantly located around fetoplacental vessels, it is tempting to assume a fetal origin of @entity2 making up the glycogen deposits. In fact, @entity2 can be transported back from the fetus into the placenta and this reflux is increased in @entity1 . Therefore, in conditions of fetal @entity2 levels exceeding the demand for sustaining fetal growth and metabolism, @entity2 can be stored in the liver and other fetal tissues. Once these stores are saturated, @entity2 is extracted from the fetal circulation by the @entity2 transporters @entity3 and @entity8 on cells surrounding the fetoplacental vasculature and stored therein, again in the form of glycogen. These processes might be under the control of fetal @entity4 , because @entity4 injected into the fetal circulation increases placental glycogen stores. @entity7 would then occur only when fetal @entity6 exceeds the placental capacity to store excess fetal @entity2 . Thus, the placental failure to protect the fetus would cause the 'unexplained' phenotypic changes occasionally found in fetuses born to well-controlled @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Is fetal @entity7 in adequately controlled XXXX @entity0 the result of a placental defect?--a hypothesis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 may occur even in adequately controlled @entity1 mothers. This may reflect the problem of using maternal glycemia as an indicator of fetal glycemia, because the placenta interposed between both compartments has its own @entity2 metabolism. Here, we propose a model by which the placenta protects the fetus at moderate levels of maternal @entity6 . One characteristic feature of the @entity0 placenta in @entity1 is the increased deposition of glycogen. Neither @entity6 nor @entity5 increase the glycogen content in the trophoblast. Since the glycogen increments in @entity1 are predominantly located around fetoplacental vessels, it is tempting to assume a fetal origin of @entity2 making up the glycogen deposits. In fact, @entity2 can be transported back from the fetus into the placenta and this reflux is increased in @entity1 . Therefore, in conditions of fetal @entity2 levels exceeding the demand for sustaining fetal growth and metabolism, @entity2 can be stored in the liver and other fetal tissues. Once these stores are saturated, @entity2 is extracted from the fetal circulation by the @entity2 transporters @entity3 and @entity8 on cells surrounding the fetoplacental vasculature and stored therein, again in the form of glycogen. These processes might be under the control of fetal @entity4 , because @entity4 injected into the fetal circulation increases placental glycogen stores. @entity7 would then occur only when fetal @entity6 exceeds the placental capacity to store excess fetal @entity2 . Thus, the placental failure to protect the fetus would cause the 'unexplained' phenotypic changes occasionally found in fetuses born to well-controlled @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Is fetal XXXX in adequately controlled @entity1 @entity0 the result of a placental defect?--a hypothesis.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 may occur even in adequately controlled @entity1 mothers. This may reflect the problem of using maternal glycemia as an indicator of fetal glycemia, because the placenta interposed between both compartments has its own @entity2 metabolism. Here, we propose a model by which the placenta protects the fetus at moderate levels of maternal @entity6 . One characteristic feature of the @entity0 placenta in @entity1 is the increased deposition of glycogen. Neither @entity6 nor @entity5 increase the glycogen content in the trophoblast. Since the glycogen increments in @entity1 are predominantly located around fetoplacental vessels, it is tempting to assume a fetal origin of @entity2 making up the glycogen deposits. In fact, @entity2 can be transported back from the fetus into the placenta and this reflux is increased in @entity1 . Therefore, in conditions of fetal @entity2 levels exceeding the demand for sustaining fetal growth and metabolism, @entity2 can be stored in the liver and other fetal tissues. Once these stores are saturated, @entity2 is extracted from the fetal circulation by the @entity2 transporters @entity3 and @entity8 on cells surrounding the fetoplacental vasculature and stored therein, again in the form of glycogen. These processes might be under the control of fetal @entity4 , because @entity4 injected into the fetal circulation increases placental glycogen stores. @entity7 would then occur only when fetal @entity6 exceeds the placental capacity to store excess fetal @entity2 . Thus, the placental failure to protect the fetus would cause the 'unexplained' phenotypic changes occasionally found in fetuses born to well-controlled @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Is fetal @entity7 in adequately controlled @entity1 XXXX the result of a placental defect?--a hypothesis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is associated with increased cytokine production, which can ultimately produce deleterious local and systemic effects. The transcription factor @entity6 is activated by degradation of its inhibitory factor, IkappaB, and can stimulate various cytokines. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the inhibition of @entity6 binding activity with a novel peptide that binds to the @entity6 essential modifier binding domain (NBD) could attenuate the severity of @entity5 . STUDY DESIGN: @entity5 was induced in Swiss Webster @entity0 by hourly injections of the @entity7 analogue cerulein (50 microg/kg). @entity0 were injected with either the wild-type or control (mutated) NBD peptide at the time of the first cerulein injection; they were then sacrificed over a time course, and pancreata and lungs were harvested for histologic analysis and scoring. @entity8 activity was measured to assess neutrophil sequestration as an indicator of @entity1 . @entity6 binding activity and steady-state levels of IkappaB and @entity6 subunits were determined by gel shift and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: @entity5 resulted in increased @entity6 DNA-binding activity and decreased steady-state levels of IkappaB. Treatment with NBD peptide decreased @entity1 in the pancreas, decreased @entity3 in the lungs, and decreased @entity8 activity in both @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The marked induction of @entity6 binding activity suggests a role for this transcription factor in the early inflammatory changes associated with @entity5 . Treatment with the NBD peptide attenuated the severity of injury associated with @entity5 . Novel compounds that selectively target @entity6 may prove to be useful treatment of @entity5 and @entity5 -associated @entity4 .

title: Selective inhibition of XXXX attenuates the severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of @entity4 membrane in prevention of @entity3 and adhesion. METHODS: From July 1998 to April 2000, 62 @entity0 with @entity2 herniation were randomly assigned into two groups. All were treated surgically with discectomy by fenestration or laminectomy. One group were placed with a thin of @entity4 membrane covering the interlaminar space(n = 32). The thickness of the film was 0.1 mm. The other group was blank control(n = 30). After 2 weeks of operation, we observed the local and systemic reactions. After 6 months clinical symptoms were revaluated and the degrees of @entity3 and adhesion were determined by CT scans. RESULTS: After 2 weeks, we found no adverse systemic reactions in all @entity0 . Wound healing was excellent. No @entity1 as well as blood for routine were found. Temperature after operation was normal. After 6 months, the curative effects were as follows in experimental group and in control group: excellent in 27 @entity0 and in 24 @entity0 , good in 4 @entity0 and in 4 @entity0 , fair in 1 @entity0 and in 1 @entity0 , and poor in 0 @entity0 and in 1 @entity0 , respectively. There are no significant difference between two groups. The CT scans showed no adhesion between the @entity3 and the dural sac in all @entity0 of experimental group. There existed various extents of adhesion in control group. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that the @entity4 membrane can effectively prevent the @entity3 with a good biocompatibility and no toxity. Its clinical application was promising.

title: [Clinical study of prevention of @entity3 and adhesion with XXXX membrane].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of @entity4 membrane in prevention of @entity3 and adhesion. METHODS: From July 1998 to April 2000, 62 @entity0 with @entity2 herniation were randomly assigned into two groups. All were treated surgically with discectomy by fenestration or laminectomy. One group were placed with a thin of @entity4 membrane covering the interlaminar space(n = 32). The thickness of the film was 0.1 mm. The other group was blank control(n = 30). After 2 weeks of operation, we observed the local and systemic reactions. After 6 months clinical symptoms were revaluated and the degrees of @entity3 and adhesion were determined by CT scans. RESULTS: After 2 weeks, we found no adverse systemic reactions in all @entity0 . Wound healing was excellent. No @entity1 as well as blood for routine were found. Temperature after operation was normal. After 6 months, the curative effects were as follows in experimental group and in control group: excellent in 27 @entity0 and in 24 @entity0 , good in 4 @entity0 and in 4 @entity0 , fair in 1 @entity0 and in 1 @entity0 , and poor in 0 @entity0 and in 1 @entity0 , respectively. There are no significant difference between two groups. The CT scans showed no adhesion between the @entity3 and the dural sac in all @entity0 of experimental group. There existed various extents of adhesion in control group. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that the @entity4 membrane can effectively prevent the @entity3 with a good biocompatibility and no toxity. Its clinical application was promising.

title: [Clinical study of prevention of XXXX and adhesion with @entity4 membrane].

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Ventricular resynchronization therapy optimizes cardiac function and induces reverse remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) in @entity0 (pts) with @entity2 and intraventricular conduction disturbances. Improvement of LV mechanical synchrony seems to be the predominant mechanism. There is a growing interest in objective quantification of desynchronization. This study aims to evaluate the effect of ventricular resynchronization therapy on LV remodeling and on LV desynchronization, assessed by tissue Doppler echocardiography. @entity0 : We studied ten pts, eight male, mean age 65 +/- 10 years, with @entity2 , intraventricular conduction disturbances and @entity4 , New York Heart Association functional class III or IV. Five pts had @entity3 and the others @entity5 . All pts had an implanted cardioverter, defibrillator with cardiac resynchronization therapy. The LV pacing electrode was placed in the lateral or posterolateral vein. METHODS: Before and one month after resynchronization therapy the following parameters were measured with conventional Doppler echocardiography: LV end-diastolic (LVd) and end-systolic (LVs) size, ejection fraction (EF) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) area. For diastolic function the maximum velocity of the E wave (MV-E) and A wave (MV-A), E/A ratio, LV filling time (LV-FT) and isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) were meadured. Mitral longitudinal motion was studied with pulsed tissue Doppler. Maximum velocity of the systolic S wave (MV-S) and isovolumetric contraction time (IVCT) were measured in the tissue Doppler curve of the septum and lateral, inferior and anterior walls. To evaluate the degree of desynchronization the RV index was calculated for each @entity0 , based on the difference between the maximum and minimum IVCT, normalized for the maximum IVCT. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in LVd and @entity1 . EF increased significantly (p = 0.003). There were no differences in diastolic function parameters. MV-S did not increase significantly. IVCT increased significantly at the lateral wall (p = 0.037). The RV index demonstrated a significant reduction in ventricular desynchronization (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Ventricular resynchronization therapy induces reverse remodeling and improves LV function in selected pts. Improvement of mechanical LV synchrony seems to be the predominant mechanism. Ventricular desynchronization can be measured by tissue Doppler echocardiography.

title: Tissue Doppler echocardiography for evaluation of XXXX with ventricular resynchronization therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to measure apolipoproteins in rat serum. Nondelipidated whole serum was heat-treated at 52 degrees C for 3 h in @entity1 -buffered saline containing 0.1% @entity3 before assay. Monospecific rabbit anti-rat apolipoprotein antibodies were added to 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates which had been coated with purified rat serum apolipoproteins or unknown samples. After incubation and washing, goat anti-rabbit serum antibodies conjugated with horseradish peroxidase were added to the plates and incubated. The bound peroxidase activity was assayed after further washing. Serum apolipoprotein concentrations were calculated by comparison against purified standards that were assayed simultaneously with the unknown samples. The intraassay coefficients of variation for apolipoprotein AI, E, and AIV ( @entity2 , E, and AIV) were 2.3, 4.4, and 5.3%, and interassay coefficients of variation were 6.1, 5.5, and 7.9%, respectively. The ELISA assay is sensitive to nanogram quantities of rat serum apolipoproteins and the results agree well with those measured by densitometry. The serum concentrations of @entity2 , E, and AIV of a normal fed @entity0 were found to be 504 +/- 8, 413 +/- 20, and 262 +/- 20 micrograms/ml, respectively. When cultured as monolayers in Waymouth's medium for 1 day, @entity0 hepatocytes secreted @entity2 , E, and AIV at rates of 2.51, 61.8, and 48.9 ng protein/mg cell protein/h.

title: Quantification of apolipoproteins in rat serum and in cultured XXXX hepatocytes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

answer: @entity0


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that there are significant racial disparities in delivery of care to @entity1 @entity0 . We examined differential surgical and radiation treatment for these @entity0 and determined whether blacks were less likely than whites to undergo sphincter-sparing procedures, which are associated with a higher quality of life than sphincter-ablating procedures. DESIGN: Cross-sectional cohort study. @entity0 AND SETTING: The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database provided population-based data for @entity1 @entity0 who were diagnosed between 1988 and 1999, were older than 35 years, and had no prior @entity2 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using logistic regression, we compared receipt and type of surgical therapy and radiation therapy, controlling for age, sex, year, geography, stage, and anatomic location. RESULTS: Among 52 864 @entity0 , 3851 were black and 44 010 were white. Blacks were younger than whites and had more @entity3 (P<.001). Among @entity0 who underwent operation, rates of sphincter-ablating procedure were 37% for whites and 43% for blacks (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.65). Moreover, 53% of whites and 56% of blacks received no radiation therapy for @entity1 (AOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.15-1.47). CONCLUSIONS: Blacks with @entity1 were diagnosed at a younger age and more @entity3 stage than whites, implying a need for more aggressive screening. After adjusting for stage and other covariates, surgical and radiation treatment also differed along racial lines. Our data suggest that treatment disparities may contribute to differences in outcome among racial/ethnic groups with @entity1 , and they highlight the need for improving access to state-of-the-art surgical care for minority @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Racial disparities in XXXX treatment: a population-based analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We studied the presenting clinical and biologic features of 23 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) whose leukemic marrow karyotypes contained abnormalities involving the short arm of chromosome 12. Nineteen of the abnormalities were assigned to the 12p12 breakpoint. The median age of the @entity0 was 5 years (range 2 to 13 years) and their initial leukocyte counts ranged from 1,800 to 424,000/microL (median 30,000/microL). Twenty-one @entity0 (91%) had common phenotype @entity1 ( @entity2 +, HLA-DR+), including three cases with a pre-B cell phenotype (CIg+). The remaining two cases were T cell in origin. The French-American-British (FAB) morphologic @entity1 was L1 in all cases but one. With a median follow-up of 11 months, four @entity0 have relapsed and another failed induction therapy. The modal chromosome number in all cases was less than 50. Three distinct cytogenetic patterns, with apparently similar clinical manifestations, were noted: terminal deletions of chromosome 12 in 10 cases, apparently balanced reciprocal translocations in 6, and unbalanced translocations in 7. All translocations were between the 12p arm and different donor chromosomes except for chromosomes 7, 9, and 17, which participated twice. Only two @entity0 had identical translocations: t(7;12)(q11;p12). This unusual variation in donor chromosomes and breakpoints suggests that translocations involving the 12p are specific with respect to only one member of the translocation pair, namely chromosome 12. The relatively high frequency of the 12p abnormalities in this study (10% of all completely banded cases seen over a 35-month period) warrants further investigation.

title: Nonrandom involvement of the 12p12 breakpoint in chromosome XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In the present study we examined 15 @entity0 with @entity2 who underwent primary surgery and chemotherapy at the Institute of Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic of the University of Pisa between 1983 and 1985. At the time of diagnosis and monthly during chemotherapy plasma levels of @entity3 , CA 19-9, @entity5 and @entity4 were detected. At the end of pharmacological treatment a second-look laparotomy was performed in each @entity0 to assess the status of @entity1 . At this time the clinical response was complete in 13 @entity0 and partial in 2. These results were confirmed at second-look laparotomy in 11 of 13 cases of complete clinical remission and in 1 of the 2 cases of partial clinical remission. Two @entity0 in complete clinical remission showed persistent disease. The other one in partial clinical remission was surgically found to have unmodified @entity1 . Tumoral markers, and especially @entity5 , have a good correlation with the clinical course of the disease. However these @entity1 associated antigens cannot replace second-look laparotomy for assessing the response to cytostatic drugs. In fact @entity0 with normal serum levels of these markers at the end of chemotherapy, were surgically found to have both complete pathological remission and persistent disease. Therefore we have come to the conclusion that the second-look laparotomy and the evaluation of @entity1 markers have to be performed together in the management of @entity2 .

title: Second look laparotomy in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A pilot study was performed to test the ability of MR to evaluate the brain lucencies shown by CT in @entity2 @entity0 and in normal control subjects. Eight @entity0 with presumed @entity2 and 47 normal controls, 12 over the age of 45 years and 35 under age 45, were studied. Each group included subjects with and without CT evidence of @entity1 . Inversion recovery, saturation recovery, and spin-echo scans were obtained using a 0.3-T permanent magnet prototype unit. Results indicated that MR was more sensitive than CT to parenchymal disease. Seven of the eight @entity0 with @entity2 showed patches of increased signal intensity on SE scans; only three had lucencies on their CT studies. None of the normal subjects under the age of 45 showed periventricular patches of increased SE signal intensity. T2-weighted SE imaging was performed in nine of the 12 normal subjects over 45 years old. Eight of the nine demonstrated periventricular patches of increased SE signal intensity. Faint @entity3 were present in only one of these. The configuration of the patches of increased signal intensity was similar for both the normal and Alzheimer groups, but the extent of white-matter involvement was greater in the Alzheimer group.

title: XXXX in normal and pathologic aging: 2. MRI of brain lucencies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity11 has long been a mainstay of the treatment of @entity1 @entity2 . The introduction of transdermal formulations and in particular the development of controlled methods of delivery have been responsible for the renaissance of clinical interest in this simple and effective treatment. The pathophysiologic abnormality accompanying @entity6 affords a natural theater for the exhibition of the therapeutic utility of these preparations and methods. The means whereby @entity15 induce relaxation of vascular smooth muscle are not entirely clear, but their pharmacodynamic activities are perfectly plain. In the doses used in clinical practice, @entity15 exert their predominant hemodynamic effects and therapeutic benefits through their peripheral vasodilator activities. This is particularly marked in veins, although in higher doses @entity15 also dilate the larger systemic and coronary arteries. Criticisms of the efficacy of transdermal formulations of @entity15 in the treatment of @entity8 have arisen largely from uncritical acceptance of a small number of studies of questionable methodologic validity. Large-scale general practice studies have invariably found that transdermal @entity13 delivery systems improve the quality of life in ambulant @entity0 : @entity14 are reduced with a minimum of side effects. The widespread acceptance of this novel form of drug delivery has stimulated its application in other therapeutic avenues. The efficacy of transdermal @entity11 in the suppression of silent @entity1 attacks has been demonstrated. The maintenance of benefit initiated by intravenous @entity11 in @entity0 with @entity12 also broadens the use of this method of @entity13 delivery. In @entity0 with @entity4 , whether complicated by @entity9 or not, the @entity15 , and transdermal @entity11 in particular, appear to hold considerable promise. Improvement of hemodynamic abnormalities may cause reduction in @entity10 size and fewer life-threatening @entity7 . Even survival may be extended. The utility of transdermal @entity15 in the treatment of severe chronic @entity5 is less certain. But the use of higher doses and an interval regimen of administration may hold promise for such @entity0 . Naturally, more information is required before the overall therapeutic profile of this new method of controlled @entity11 delivery across the whole spectrum of @entity3 can be fully described. Fortunately, the high level of efficacy and safety of transdermal @entity11 demonstrated in the majority of reported studies encourages the pursuit of such an important therapeutic target.

title: The role of transdermal XXXX in the treatment of @entity3 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity11 has long been a mainstay of the treatment of @entity1 @entity2 . The introduction of transdermal formulations and in particular the development of controlled methods of delivery have been responsible for the renaissance of clinical interest in this simple and effective treatment. The pathophysiologic abnormality accompanying @entity6 affords a natural theater for the exhibition of the therapeutic utility of these preparations and methods. The means whereby @entity15 induce relaxation of vascular smooth muscle are not entirely clear, but their pharmacodynamic activities are perfectly plain. In the doses used in clinical practice, @entity15 exert their predominant hemodynamic effects and therapeutic benefits through their peripheral vasodilator activities. This is particularly marked in veins, although in higher doses @entity15 also dilate the larger systemic and coronary arteries. Criticisms of the efficacy of transdermal formulations of @entity15 in the treatment of @entity8 have arisen largely from uncritical acceptance of a small number of studies of questionable methodologic validity. Large-scale general practice studies have invariably found that transdermal @entity13 delivery systems improve the quality of life in ambulant @entity0 : @entity14 are reduced with a minimum of side effects. The widespread acceptance of this novel form of drug delivery has stimulated its application in other therapeutic avenues. The efficacy of transdermal @entity11 in the suppression of silent @entity1 attacks has been demonstrated. The maintenance of benefit initiated by intravenous @entity11 in @entity0 with @entity12 also broadens the use of this method of @entity13 delivery. In @entity0 with @entity4 , whether complicated by @entity9 or not, the @entity15 , and transdermal @entity11 in particular, appear to hold considerable promise. Improvement of hemodynamic abnormalities may cause reduction in @entity10 size and fewer life-threatening @entity7 . Even survival may be extended. The utility of transdermal @entity15 in the treatment of severe chronic @entity5 is less certain. But the use of higher doses and an interval regimen of administration may hold promise for such @entity0 . Naturally, more information is required before the overall therapeutic profile of this new method of controlled @entity11 delivery across the whole spectrum of @entity3 can be fully described. Fortunately, the high level of efficacy and safety of transdermal @entity11 demonstrated in the majority of reported studies encourages the pursuit of such an important therapeutic target.

title: The role of transdermal @entity11 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3