abstract: The aim of this overview was to assess the utility of various imaging technologies (fluoroscopy, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography) for the treatment planning of high dose rate brachytherapy for @entity0 . Reviews and primary studies comparing different imaging technologies used during high dose rate brachytherapy for @entity0 and published from 1988 to 2008 were sought by searching MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, the Cochrane Library, personal files and reference lists of identified studies, and by contacting experts. Study selection, study quality assessment and data extraction were carried out in duplicate. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. No systematic reviews or @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were located. The validity assessment revealed that the quality of the existing studies is very variable. This is the first systematic review in the area of imaging technologies for cervix brachytherapy. No @entity1 have been located and it is possible that an RCT is not the optimal methodology to assess imaging technologies. However, in this area there is a need for more prospective studies and for studies that consider the expertise of the operators in their design. The studies found supported the use of three-dimensional imaging as opposed to the traditional two-dimensional imaging. However, apart from the effectiveness of visualising @entity0 and surrounding tissues, the utility of imaging technologies in clinical practice is determined by other contextual factors, such as their availability, accessibility and ease of use.

title: Imaging technologies for high dose rate brachytherapy for XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Undernutrition and @entity1 are common in hospitalized @entity0 . Their combined prevalence on admission is estimated at 25% and is rising. METHODS: Selective literature review with special consideration of current guidelines and meta-analyses. RESULTS: The nutritional state of every @entity0 should be assessed on admission with simple, established parameters, and @entity0 suffering from under- or @entity1 should be treated with a targeted nutritional intervention based on the established stepwise treatment algorithm. Under- and @entity1 are an independent risk and cost factor with a significant influence on mortality, morbidity, length of hospital stay, and quality of life. Their direct costs alone amount to some 9 billion @entity2 in Germany each year. Therapeutic trials and meta-analyses have clearly documented the therapeutic benefit and cost-effectiveness of oral nutritional supplements and tube feeds. Targeted nutritional intervention is an integral part of medical treatment and prevention. CONCLUSION: Undernutrition and @entity1 are common in hospitalized @entity0 and are both medically and economically harmful. If they are detected early by targeted assessment and then treated appropriately according to the established stepwise treatment algorithm, better clinical outcomes and lower costs will result.

title: XXXX in hospital: the clinical and economic implications.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a rare primary @entity2 . Most previously reported cases were idiopathic. To better define the clinical-pathologic spectrum and prognosis, we report the largest single-center series with the longest follow-up. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity0 , _ MEASUREMENTS: The characteristics of 66 @entity8 @entity0 who were seen at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, between 1993 and 2010 are provided. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 53 years. Ninety-five percent of @entity0 were white, and the female:male ratio was 1.2:1. Underlying @entity1 (most commonly @entity6 ), dysproteinemia, or @entity10 (most commonly @entity3 , @entity13 , @entity15 , and @entity16 ), were present in 23, 17, and 15% of @entity0 , respectively. Presentation included @entity9 (100%), @entity14 (38%), @entity5 (66%), @entity11 (52%), and @entity4 (71%). The most common histologic pattern was mesangial proliferative/sclerosing GN followed by membranoproliferative GN. During an average of 52.3 months of follow-up for 61 @entity0 with available data, 13% had complete or partial remission, 43% had persistent @entity2 , and 44% progressed to @entity7 . The disease recurred in 36% of 14 @entity0 who received a kidney transplant. Independent predictors of @entity7 by multivariate analysis were older age, higher @entity12 and @entity9 at biopsy, and higher percentage of global @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: Underlying @entity1 , dysproteinemia, or @entity10 are not uncommon in @entity0 with @entity8 . Prognosis is poor, although remission may occur in a minority of @entity0 without immunosuppressive therapy. Age, degree of @entity2 at diagnosis, and degree of glomerular scarring are predictors of renal survival.

title: XXXX : a report of 66 cases from a single institution.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 , especially @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is the major cause of @entity1 in the United States. The @entity2 of @entity4 has been shown to be associated with the acquisition of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The acquisition of @entity3 phenotype induced by @entity5 in several @entity1 cells has been implicated in @entity2 and resistance to conventional therapeutics; however, the molecular mechanism of @entity3 and @entity2 in @entity4 remains unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study we found for the first time that the induction of @entity3 by chronic exposure of A549 @entity4 cells to @entity5 ( @entity9 cells) led to the up-regulation of sonic hedgehog ( @entity6 ) both at the mRNA and protein levels causing activation of hedgehog signaling. These results were also reproduced in another @entity4 cell line (H2030). Induction of @entity3 was found to be consistent with aggressive characteristics such as increased clonogenic growth, cell motility and invasion. The @entity2 of these cells was attenuated by the treatment of A549-M cells with pharmacological inhibitors of Hh signaling in addition to @entity6 knock-down by siRNA. The inhibition of Hh signaling by pharmacological inhibitors led to the reversal of @entity3 phenotype as confirmed by the reduction of mesenchymal markers such as @entity8 and Fibronectin, and induction of epithelial marker @entity7 . In addition, knock-down of @entity6 by siRNA significantly attenuated @entity3 induction by @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results show for the first time the transcriptional up-regulation of @entity6 by @entity5 , which is mechanistically associated with @entity5 induced @entity3 phenotype and aggressive behavior of @entity4 cells. Thus the inhibitors of @entity6 signaling could be useful for the reversal of @entity3 phenotype, which would inhibit the metastatic potential of @entity4 cells and also make these @entity1 more sensitive to conventional therapeutics.

title: Up-regulation of sonic hedgehog contributes to @entity5 -induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 , especially @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is the major cause of @entity1 in the United States. The @entity2 of @entity4 has been shown to be associated with the acquisition of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The acquisition of @entity3 phenotype induced by @entity5 in several @entity1 cells has been implicated in @entity2 and resistance to conventional therapeutics; however, the molecular mechanism of @entity3 and @entity2 in @entity4 remains unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study we found for the first time that the induction of @entity3 by chronic exposure of A549 @entity4 cells to @entity5 ( @entity9 cells) led to the up-regulation of sonic hedgehog ( @entity6 ) both at the mRNA and protein levels causing activation of hedgehog signaling. These results were also reproduced in another @entity4 cell line (H2030). Induction of @entity3 was found to be consistent with aggressive characteristics such as increased clonogenic growth, cell motility and invasion. The @entity2 of these cells was attenuated by the treatment of A549-M cells with pharmacological inhibitors of Hh signaling in addition to @entity6 knock-down by siRNA. The inhibition of Hh signaling by pharmacological inhibitors led to the reversal of @entity3 phenotype as confirmed by the reduction of mesenchymal markers such as @entity8 and Fibronectin, and induction of epithelial marker @entity7 . In addition, knock-down of @entity6 by siRNA significantly attenuated @entity3 induction by @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results show for the first time the transcriptional up-regulation of @entity6 by @entity5 , which is mechanistically associated with @entity5 induced @entity3 phenotype and aggressive behavior of @entity4 cells. Thus the inhibitors of @entity6 signaling could be useful for the reversal of @entity3 phenotype, which would inhibit the metastatic potential of @entity4 cells and also make these @entity1 more sensitive to conventional therapeutics.

title: Up-regulation of sonic hedgehog contributes to XXXX -induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in @entity4 cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowing the levels of @entity0 ( @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity3 ) in different foods is of interest due to the association of these bioactive nutrients to health and diseases. There is a lack of relevant information on their contents in foods. OBJECTIVE: To develop a food @entity1 database from published data by which @entity1 intake and food contribution to this intake can be estimated, and to determine the levels of @entity0 in Swedish dairy products. DESIGN: Extensive literature search and laboratory analysis of selected Swedish dairy products. @entity1 contents in foods were collected using an extensive literature search of databases. @entity0 in different types of Swedish dairy products (milk with different fat percentages, yogurt, cheeses, and sour milk) were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a UV detector. RESULTS: Fruits and cheese were the highest sources of @entity2 , while vegetables and meat products were found to be rich in @entity4 and @entity3 , respectively. The content of @entity0 in cheese varied considerably between studies. In analyzed Swedish dairy products, matured cheese had the highest total @entity1 contents with values of 52.3, 1.2, and 2.6 mg/kg for @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity3 , respectively. Low fat milk had higher @entity2 and @entity4 , 1.2 and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively, than the other types of milk. CONCLUSIONS: The database aids other researchers in their quest for information regarding @entity1 intake from foods. Connecting the @entity1 contents in food with the Swedish Food Database allows for estimation of @entity1 contents per portion.

title: XXXX in foods: development of a food database.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The shrimp Rimicaris exoculata dominates the faunal biomass at many deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In its enlarged gill chamber it harbors a specialized epibiotic bacterial community for which a nutritional role has been proposed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We analyzed specimens from the Snake Pit hydrothermal vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge by complementing a 16S rRNA gene survey with the analysis of genes involved in @entity0 , @entity1 and @entity2 metabolism. In addition to Epsilon- and Gammaproteobacteria, the epibiotic community unexpectedly also consists of Deltaproteobacteria of a single phylotype, closely related to the genus Desulfocapsa. The association of these phylogenetic groups with the shrimp was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Based on functional gene analyses, we hypothesize that the Gamma- and Epsilonproteobacteria are capable of autotrophic growth by oxidizing reduced @entity1 compounds, and that the Deltaproteobacteria are also involved in @entity1 metabolism. In addition, the detection of proteobacterial hydrogenases indicates the potential for @entity2 oxidation in these communities. Interestingly, the frequency of these phylotypes in 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from the mouthparts differ from that of the inner lining of the gill chamber, indicating potential functional compartmentalization. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show the specific association of autotrophic bacteria with Rimicaris exoculata from the Snake Pit hydrothermal vent field, and suggest that autotrophic @entity0 fixation is contributing to the productivity of the epibiotic community with the reductive @entity3 cycle as one important @entity0 fixation pathway. This has not been considered in previous studies of @entity0 fixation and stable @entity0 isotope composition of the shrimp and its epibionts. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of @entity1 -oxidizing and @entity1 -reducing epibionts raises the possibility that both may be involved in the syntrophic exchange of @entity1 compounds, which could increase the overall efficiency of this epibiotic community.

title: Pathways of XXXX and energy metabolism of the epibiotic community associated with the deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the life cycle of plants, both embryogenic and post-embryogenic growth are essentially based on cell division and cell expansion that are under the control of inherited developmental programmes modified by hormonal and environmental stimuli. Considering either stimulation or inhibition of plant growth, the key role of plant hormones in the modification of cell division activities or in the initiation of differentiation is well supported by experimental data. At the same time there is only limited insight into the molecular events that provide linkage between the regulation of cell-cycle progression and hormonal and developmental control. Studies indicate that there are several alternative ways by which hormonal signalling networks can influence cell division parameters and establish functional links between regulatory pathways of cell-cycle progression and genes and protein complexes involved in organ development. SCOPE: An overview is given here of key components in plant cell division control as acceptors of hormonal and developmental signals during organ formation and growth. Selected examples are presented to highlight the potential role of @entity0 -signalling, the complex actions of auxin and cytokinins, regulation by transcription factors and alteration of @entity2 -related proteins by phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: Auxins and @entity4 can directly influence expression of @entity3 , @entity3 -dependent kinase (CDK) genes and activities of CDK complexes. D-type cyclins are primary targets for cytokinins and over-expression of CyclinD3;1 can enhance auxin responses in roots. A set of auxin-activated genes (AXR1-ARGOS-ANT) controls cell number and organ size through modification of CyclinD3;1 gene expression. The SHORT ROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) transcriptional factors determine root patterning by activation of the CYCD6;1 gene. Over-expression of the @entity7 gene (plant homologue of the ErbB-3 epidermal growth factor receptor-binding protein) increased biomass by auxin-dependent activation of both D- and B-type cyclins. The direct involvement of auxin-binding protein ( @entity6 ) in the entry into the cell cycle and the regulation of leaf size and morphology is based on the transcriptional control of D-cyclins and @entity2 -related protein (RBR) interacting with inhibitory E2FC transcriptional factor. The central role of RBRs in cell-cycle progression is well documented by a variety of experimental approaches. Their function is phosphorylation-dependent and both RBR and phospho-RBR proteins are present in interphase and mitotic phase cells. Immunolocalization studies showed the presence of phospho-RBR protein in spots of interphase nuclei or granules in mitotic prophase cells. The @entity0 -dependent phosphorylation events can be accomplished by the @entity1 -dependent, calmodulin-independent or calmodulin-like domain protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs) phosphorylating the CDK inhibitor protein ( @entity8 ). Dephosphorylation of the phospho-RBR protein by @entity5 phosphatase is regulated by a @entity0 -binding subunit.

title: Cell-cycle control as a target for XXXX , hormonal and developmental signals: the role of phosphorylation in the @entity2 -centred pathway.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the life cycle of plants, both embryogenic and post-embryogenic growth are essentially based on cell division and cell expansion that are under the control of inherited developmental programmes modified by hormonal and environmental stimuli. Considering either stimulation or inhibition of plant growth, the key role of plant hormones in the modification of cell division activities or in the initiation of differentiation is well supported by experimental data. At the same time there is only limited insight into the molecular events that provide linkage between the regulation of cell-cycle progression and hormonal and developmental control. Studies indicate that there are several alternative ways by which hormonal signalling networks can influence cell division parameters and establish functional links between regulatory pathways of cell-cycle progression and genes and protein complexes involved in organ development. SCOPE: An overview is given here of key components in plant cell division control as acceptors of hormonal and developmental signals during organ formation and growth. Selected examples are presented to highlight the potential role of @entity0 -signalling, the complex actions of auxin and cytokinins, regulation by transcription factors and alteration of @entity2 -related proteins by phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: Auxins and @entity4 can directly influence expression of @entity3 , @entity3 -dependent kinase (CDK) genes and activities of CDK complexes. D-type cyclins are primary targets for cytokinins and over-expression of CyclinD3;1 can enhance auxin responses in roots. A set of auxin-activated genes (AXR1-ARGOS-ANT) controls cell number and organ size through modification of CyclinD3;1 gene expression. The SHORT ROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) transcriptional factors determine root patterning by activation of the CYCD6;1 gene. Over-expression of the @entity7 gene (plant homologue of the ErbB-3 epidermal growth factor receptor-binding protein) increased biomass by auxin-dependent activation of both D- and B-type cyclins. The direct involvement of auxin-binding protein ( @entity6 ) in the entry into the cell cycle and the regulation of leaf size and morphology is based on the transcriptional control of D-cyclins and @entity2 -related protein (RBR) interacting with inhibitory E2FC transcriptional factor. The central role of RBRs in cell-cycle progression is well documented by a variety of experimental approaches. Their function is phosphorylation-dependent and both RBR and phospho-RBR proteins are present in interphase and mitotic phase cells. Immunolocalization studies showed the presence of phospho-RBR protein in spots of interphase nuclei or granules in mitotic prophase cells. The @entity0 -dependent phosphorylation events can be accomplished by the @entity1 -dependent, calmodulin-independent or calmodulin-like domain protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs) phosphorylating the CDK inhibitor protein ( @entity8 ). Dephosphorylation of the phospho-RBR protein by @entity5 phosphatase is regulated by a @entity0 -binding subunit.

title: Cell-cycle control as a target for @entity1 , hormonal and developmental signals: the role of phosphorylation in the XXXX -centred pathway.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gradual correction of @entity1 of the proximal tibia is generally accepted and produces good results. However, most studies have used circular external fixators, which are complex and cause @entity0 discomfort. This study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of hemicallotasis with a unilateral external fixator for correction of @entity1 of the proximal tibia. METHODS: Thirteen @entity0 (21 legs, 8 bilateral) were included in this study: 6 with constitutional bowing, 3 with a malunion, 2 with @entity3 , and 2 with @entity2 . There were 7 males and 6 females of mean age 21 years (range 13-40). With an oblique osteotomy on the proximal tibia, a unilateral external fixator was placed on the medial side. Using a distraction of 1 mm/day, the external fixator was removed after consolidation of the callus. RESULTS: Surgery corrected medial proximal tibia angle from a preoperative average of 75.1   (64  -81  ) to 88.6   (86  -90  ) at final follow-up. Average tibiofemoral angle improved from -7   to 6.8  . The duration of external fixation averaged 101.3 days and the external fixation index was 70 days/cm. No @entity0 had a limited ambulation, and all recovered preoperative range of knee motion (mean 130.1  ) at final follow-up. Seven minor complications (pin tract infection, clamp loosening) and 1 major complication (uncorrected genu procurvatum) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Hemicallotasis using a unilateral external fixator was found to be a safe and simple corrective procedure for @entity1 of the proximal tibia, with few complications.

title: Hemicallotasis for correction of XXXX of the proximal tibia using a unilateral external fixator.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Dynamic signaling of mesolimbic @entity2 (DA) neurons has been implicated in reward learning, @entity1 , and motivation. However, this system is complex because firing patterns of these neurons are heterogeneous; subpopulations receive distinct synaptic inputs, and project to anatomically and functionally distinct downstream targets, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and core. The functional roles of these cell populations and their real-time signaling properties in freely moving animals are unknown. Resolving the real-time DA signal requires simultaneous knowledge of the synchronized activity of DA cell subpopulations and assessment of the down-stream functional effect of DA release. Because this is not yet possible solely by experimentation in vivo, we combine computational modeling and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry data to reconstruct the functionally relevant DA signal in DA neuron subpopulations projecting to the NAc core and shell in freely moving @entity0 . The approach provides a novel perspective on real-time DA neuron firing and concurrent activation of presynaptic autoreceptors and postsynaptic targets. We first show that individual differences in DA release arise from differences in autoreceptor feedback. The model predicts that extracellular DA concentrations in NAc core result from constant baseline DA firing, whereas DA concentrations in NAc shell reflect highly dynamic firing patters, including synchronized burst firing and pauses. Our models also predict that this anatomical difference in DA signaling is exaggerated by intravenous infusion of @entity3 . SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Orchestrated signaling from mesolimbic @entity2 (DA) neurons is important for initiating appropriate behavior in response to salient stimuli. Thus, subpopulations of mesolimbic DA neurons show different in vitro properties and synaptic inputs depending on their specific projections to the core and shell subterritories of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, the functional consequence of these differences is unknown. Here we analyze and model DA dynamics in different areas of the NAc to establish the real-time DA signal. In freely behaving animals, we find that the DA signal from mesencephalic neurons projecting to the NAc shell is dominated by synchronized bursts and pauses, whereas signaling is uniform for core-projecting neurons; this difference is amplified by @entity3 .

title: Functionally Distinct XXXX Signals in Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell in the Freely Moving @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Dynamic signaling of mesolimbic @entity2 (DA) neurons has been implicated in reward learning, @entity1 , and motivation. However, this system is complex because firing patterns of these neurons are heterogeneous; subpopulations receive distinct synaptic inputs, and project to anatomically and functionally distinct downstream targets, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and core. The functional roles of these cell populations and their real-time signaling properties in freely moving animals are unknown. Resolving the real-time DA signal requires simultaneous knowledge of the synchronized activity of DA cell subpopulations and assessment of the down-stream functional effect of DA release. Because this is not yet possible solely by experimentation in vivo, we combine computational modeling and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry data to reconstruct the functionally relevant DA signal in DA neuron subpopulations projecting to the NAc core and shell in freely moving @entity0 . The approach provides a novel perspective on real-time DA neuron firing and concurrent activation of presynaptic autoreceptors and postsynaptic targets. We first show that individual differences in DA release arise from differences in autoreceptor feedback. The model predicts that extracellular DA concentrations in NAc core result from constant baseline DA firing, whereas DA concentrations in NAc shell reflect highly dynamic firing patters, including synchronized burst firing and pauses. Our models also predict that this anatomical difference in DA signaling is exaggerated by intravenous infusion of @entity3 . SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Orchestrated signaling from mesolimbic @entity2 (DA) neurons is important for initiating appropriate behavior in response to salient stimuli. Thus, subpopulations of mesolimbic DA neurons show different in vitro properties and synaptic inputs depending on their specific projections to the core and shell subterritories of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, the functional consequence of these differences is unknown. Here we analyze and model DA dynamics in different areas of the NAc to establish the real-time DA signal. In freely behaving animals, we find that the DA signal from mesencephalic neurons projecting to the NAc shell is dominated by synchronized bursts and pauses, whereas signaling is uniform for core-projecting neurons; this difference is amplified by @entity3 .

title: Functionally Distinct @entity2 Signals in Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell in the Freely Moving XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The potential benefits and harms of different lighting in neonatal units have not been quantified. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of cycled lighting ( @entity4 ) (approximately 12 hours of light on and 12 hours of light off) with irregularly dimmed light or @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and with continuous bright light (CBL) on growth in preterm @entity0 at three and six months of age. SEARCH STRATEGY: Electronic searches of the literature were conducted (in May 2010) of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and abstracts from Pediatric Academic Societies' annual meetings. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised trials of @entity3 or CBL in preterm and low birth weight @entity0 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data collection and analyses were performed according to the methods of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. MAIN RESULTS: Five studies enrolling 387 @entity0 compared @entity4 to @entity1 . No study reported on weight at three or six months. In one study (n = 40) there was no statistically significant difference in weight at four months between the @entity4 and the @entity1 groups. In another study (n = 62) the ratio of day-night activity prior to discharge favoured the @entity4 group (mean difference 0.18, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.19) indicating 18% more activity during day than night in the @entity4 group compared to the @entity1 group. Two studies (n = 189) reported on @entity2 (stage >=  3). There was no statistically significant difference between the @entity4 and @entity1 groups (typical RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.11, I(2) = 0%; typical RD -0.09, 95% CI -0.19 to 0.01, I(2) = 0%).Two studies enrolling 82 @entity0 compared @entity4 to CBL. One study (n = 41) reported higher mean weight at three months corrected age in @entity0 cared for in the @entity4 nursery (P < 0.02) and lower mean number of hours spent awake in 24 hours at three months (P < 0.005). In one study (n = 41) days on a ventilator were reduced in the @entity4 group (mean difference -18, 95% CI -31 to -5 days).For many outcomes the trends favoured @entity3 as well as @entity4 versus CBL. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Trials assessing the effect of @entity4 have enrolled 469 @entity0 . Trends for many outcomes favoured @entity4 ( @entity4 ) compared to @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity4 compared to continuous bright light (CBL) The studies may have lacked significance due to a lack of statistical power. Future research should focus on comparing @entity4 to @entity1 .

title: Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm and low birth weight XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 is an unexplained systemic @entity7 . Bone localizations of the disease are rare. We report a maxillary localization. CASE: A 35-year-old @entity0 consulted for facial dysmorphia first observed 2 years before. This swelling was associated to @entity8 lesions and @entity5 . The facial asymmetry was due to maxillary gingival and @entity1 . It was associated with scarring in the legs and a purple nodular facial lesion. Lip and jaw biopsies revealed @entity6 without @entity2 . The panoramic dental X-ray showed diffuse horizontal alveolar ridge lysis and CT scan revealed an osteolytic lesion of the right maxilla associated to a bone-condensing lesion of the left hemi-mandible. DISCUSSION: The diagnosis of @entity3 is made in case of @entity6 without @entity2 and the ruling out of other possible diagnoses, including @entity4 . Bone involvement is rare; face and maxillary localization are extremely rare. The recommended treatment is corticosteroids. Facial remodeling surgery is not recommended.

title: [Maxillary bone XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is the main carrier of circulating IGFs and the main modulator of their activity. @entity2 controls cellular availability of IGFs, which cannot exert their pro-proliferative activity while bound to @entity2 . Proteolysis of @entity2 is one mechanism to control IGF release. A reduction of serum @entity2 levels and the associated increased availability of IGFs may represent a strategy whereby @entity1 increases its metastatic potential. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation between the @entity2 serum level and @entity1 stage. METHODS: The study included 41 @entity0 , 24 male and 17 female, with median age of 60 years (range 24-80), affected by @entity1 . Blood samples were taken from each @entity0 and @entity2 serum levels were measured using Western blot analysis with commercial antibodies. Values were normalized using commercial @entity2 . RESULTS: The statistical analysis showed that full-size, glycosylated @entity2 concentrations were significantly lower in the sera of @entity0 with stage IV @entity1 . Low serum levels of @entity2 correlated with both disease progression and presence of disease at the time of sample collection. In @entity0 who underwent follow-up visits with further collections of blood samples, the concentrations of glycosylated @entity2 decreased only in those who showed progression of disease. LIMITATIONS: Our study shows only preliminary results on a limited number of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that there is a significant inverse correlation between the serum concentration of full-size, glycosylated @entity2 and disease progression in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Correlation between insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 serum level and XXXX progression.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 are considered as a relatively uncommon and less malignant group of @entity1 . However, @entity0 with histologically @entity3 are known to have a worse prognosis. The present study aims to evaluate the long-term outcomes after resection of @entity2 according to the new @entity2 ( @entity2 ) staging system. METHODS: @entity0 with histologically proven @entity2 who underwent surgery in our thoracic unit over the last 25 years were identified from a prospectively collected database. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-six @entity0 were identified from our electronic database. Of these, 164 were known to have @entity3 , while 22 had @entity3 . Median overall survival was 20.0 years. The mean follow-up was 8.0 years (median 7.0 years). Univariate analysis found age over 60, @entity3 , @entity2 staging, N status, and M status to have a statistically significant influence on overall survival. Multivariate analysis found age over 60 and atypical histopathology to have a detrimental impact on overall survival. @entity0 in the atypical subgroup were found to be significantly older, and presented with higher stage disease. CONCLUSIONS: It is clear from the current study and previous reports that @entity0 with atypical histopathology have different baseline characteristics, @entity4 , and prognosis compared with @entity0 with @entity3 . The proposed @entity2 staging system appears to be applicable to @entity0 in our surgical experience, and may offer more accurate prognostic information and assist in the management plans for individuals.

title: XXXX : long-term outcomes after resection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Actin-depolymerizing factors (ADFs) are conserved proteins that function in regulating the structure and dynamics of actin microfilaments in eukaryotes. In this study, we present evidence that @entity1 ( @entity1 ) subclass I ADFs, particularly @entity5 , functions as a susceptibility factor for an adapted powdery mildew fungus. The null mutant of @entity5 significantly increased resistance against the adapted powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces orontii. The degree of resistance was further enhanced in transgenic plants in which the expression of all subclass I ADFs (i.e. @entity6 - @entity5 ) was suppressed. Microscopic observations revealed that the enhanced resistance of @entity5 and @entity6 -4 knockdown plants ( @entity6 -4Ri) was associated with the accumulation of @entity0 and cell death specific to G. orontii-infected cells. The increased resistance and accumulation of @entity0 in @entity6 -4Ri were suppressed by the introduction of mutations in the @entity3 - and @entity4 -signaling pathways but not by a mutation in the @entity2 -signaling pathway. Quantification by microscopic images detected an increase in the level of actin microfilament bundling in @entity6 -4Ri but not in @entity5 at early G. orontii infection time points. Interestingly, complementation analysis revealed that nuclear localization of @entity5 was crucial for susceptibility to G. orontii. Based on its G. orontii-infected-cell-specific phenotype, we suggest that subclass I ADFs are susceptibility factors that function in a direct interaction between the host plant and the powdery mildew fungus.

title: Nuclear Function of Subclass I Actin-Depolymerizing Factor Contributes to Susceptibility in XXXX to an Adapted Powdery Mildew Fungus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: We compared outcomes of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 trunk (ET) techniques when used with thoracic endovascular aortic repair. METHODS: A review was performed of consecutive @entity0 with proximal thoracic aortic pathologies repaired with a hybrid approach. RESULTS: Between 2005 and 2009, 58 @entity0 underwent first-stage ET (n = 21) or @entity5 (n = 37). Cardiopulmonary bypass was utilized in 100% of ET procedures and 68% of @entity5 procedures (p < 0.01). @entity2 was used in 86% of ET and 27% of @entity5 cases (p < 0.01). The second stage was completed in 76% of ET and 76% of @entity5 @entity0 . Rates of @entity3 (ET 0 of 21, @entity5 0 of 37, p = 1.0), @entity1 (ET 2 of 21, @entity5 4 of 37, p = 1.0), and 30-day mortality (ET 4 of 21, @entity5 6 of 37, p = 1.0) were similar. Each group had one major aortic complication between the two stages. Type Ia endovascular leak at 1 and 12 months occurred in 13% ET @entity0 and 4% @entity5 @entity0 at 1 month (p = 0.54) and in 0% ET @entity0 and 4% @entity5 @entity0 at 12 months (p = 1.0). Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival at 1 and 12 months were 90.5%    6.4% and 73.1%    10% in the ET group, and 86.5%    5.6 and 71.6%    8.5 in the @entity5 group, respectively (p = 0.68). The risk of a secondary procedure at 1 and 12 months was 76.2%    9.3% and 58.7%    12% in the ET group, and 71.0%    7.8% and 52.8%    10% in the @entity5 group, respectively (p = 0.86). CONCLUSIONS: Arch debranching achieves equivalent results to standard @entity4 trunk repair but with a decreased need for cardiopulmonary bypass and @entity2 .

title: Arch debranching versus XXXX trunk procedures for hybrid repair of thoracic aortic pathologies.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 are rare entities in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) in adults. The authors present clinical, neuroradiological, serological, and neuropathological findings in a 60-year-old @entity0 with an extraaxial CPA @entity3 arising from the proximal portion of cranial nerve @entity4 . The @entity0 presented with progressive @entity12 and left-sided @entity9 lasting less than 2 months and progressive @entity10 and @entity6 lasting 2 weeks. Preoperative neuroimaging suggested the diagnosis of @entity11 with "dural-tail" sign and involvement of the internal auditory canal. Serological examination showed an increase in the malignant markers of ferritin and @entity8 , which suggested underlying @entity1 . The @entity1 was subtotally removed, and it was confirmed to be completely separated from the brainstem and cerebellum. Cranial nerves VII and @entity4 were destroyed and sacrificed. Transient severe @entity5 occurred during surgery due to entrapment of the caudal cranial nerve complex by the @entity1 in such an infiltrative way. The neuropathological examination revealed a @entity3 . The @entity0 underwent no further treatment and died of @entity7 2 months postoperatively. To the authors' knowledge, this represents the first case of a @entity3 in the CPA in an adult. A high index of suspicion along with reliance on clinical assessment, radiological findings, and serum detection of specific malignant markers is essential to diagnose such uncommon CPA lesions.

title: XXXX of the cerebellopontine angle in adults.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is the most common acute @entity5 in @entity0 over the age of 50 and is the second most common cause of permanent optic nerve-related @entity2 in adults after @entity4 . Although the precise cause of @entity6 remains elusive, the etiology of @entity6 is believed to be multifactorial. AIMS: To evaluate the utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a simple and readily available prognostic factor for clinical disease activity in @entity0 with @entity6 . STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. METHODS: Forty-five @entity0 with the diagnosis of @entity6 and 50 age- and sex-matched controls with/without any systemic or ocular diseases except @entity3 were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Demographic characteristics and laboratory findings including complete blood count of all @entity0 and control subjects were obtained from the electronic medical record. The neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were recorded and the NLR was calculated. RESULTS: White blood cell, neutrophil, NLR and platelet values of the @entity6 @entity0 were significantly higher than those of the controls (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.004, p=0.037, respectively). Initial NLR values were negatively correlated with initial and the third month best corrected visual acuity levels in the study group. The optimum NLR cut-off point for @entity6 was 1.94. CONCLUSION: NLR could be considered as a new inflammatory marker for assessment of the severity of @entity1 in @entity6 @entity0 with its quick, cheap, easily measurable property with routine complete blood count analysis.

title: Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Marker in @entity0 with Non-arteritic Anterior XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is the most common acute @entity5 in @entity0 over the age of 50 and is the second most common cause of permanent optic nerve-related @entity2 in adults after @entity4 . Although the precise cause of @entity6 remains elusive, the etiology of @entity6 is believed to be multifactorial. AIMS: To evaluate the utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a simple and readily available prognostic factor for clinical disease activity in @entity0 with @entity6 . STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. METHODS: Forty-five @entity0 with the diagnosis of @entity6 and 50 age- and sex-matched controls with/without any systemic or ocular diseases except @entity3 were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Demographic characteristics and laboratory findings including complete blood count of all @entity0 and control subjects were obtained from the electronic medical record. The neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were recorded and the NLR was calculated. RESULTS: White blood cell, neutrophil, NLR and platelet values of the @entity6 @entity0 were significantly higher than those of the controls (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.004, p=0.037, respectively). Initial NLR values were negatively correlated with initial and the third month best corrected visual acuity levels in the study group. The optimum NLR cut-off point for @entity6 was 1.94. CONCLUSION: NLR could be considered as a new inflammatory marker for assessment of the severity of @entity1 in @entity6 @entity0 with its quick, cheap, easily measurable property with routine complete blood count analysis.

title: Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Marker in XXXX with Non-arteritic Anterior @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Most cases of @entity0 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are accompanied by continuing cord compression. Experimentally, compression results in rapid neurological decline over hours, suggesting a rise in intracanal pressure local to the site of injury. The aim of this study was to measure the rise in local intracanal pressure accompanying progressive @entity2 and to determine the relationship between raised intracanal pressure and neurological outcome. We also aimed to establish whether @entity4 was able to reduce raised intracanal pressure. We demonstrate that, following @entity3 in F344 @entity1 , local intracanal pressure remains near normal until @entity2 exceeds 30% of diameter, whereupon a rapid increase in pressure occurs. Intracanal pressure appears to be an important determinant of neurological recovery, with poor long-term behavioural and histological outcomes in animals subject to 8   h of 45% @entity2 , in which intracanal pressure is significantly elevated. In contrast, good neurological recovery occurs in animals with near normal intracanal pressure (animals undergoing 8   h of 30% @entity2 or those undergoing immediate decompression). We further demonstrate that @entity4 is an effective therapy to control raised intracanal pressure, rapidly reducing elevated intracanal pressure accompanying critical (45%) @entity2 to near normal. Overall these data indicate that following @entity3 only limited canal narrowing is tolerated before local intracanal pressure rapidly rises, inducing a sharp decline in neurological outcome. Raised intracanal pressure can be controlled with @entity4 , which may be a useful therapy to emergently decompress the spinal cord prior to surgical decompression.

title: Intracanal pressure in compressive @entity3 : reduction with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Most cases of @entity0 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are accompanied by continuing cord compression. Experimentally, compression results in rapid neurological decline over hours, suggesting a rise in intracanal pressure local to the site of injury. The aim of this study was to measure the rise in local intracanal pressure accompanying progressive @entity2 and to determine the relationship between raised intracanal pressure and neurological outcome. We also aimed to establish whether @entity4 was able to reduce raised intracanal pressure. We demonstrate that, following @entity3 in F344 @entity1 , local intracanal pressure remains near normal until @entity2 exceeds 30% of diameter, whereupon a rapid increase in pressure occurs. Intracanal pressure appears to be an important determinant of neurological recovery, with poor long-term behavioural and histological outcomes in animals subject to 8   h of 45% @entity2 , in which intracanal pressure is significantly elevated. In contrast, good neurological recovery occurs in animals with near normal intracanal pressure (animals undergoing 8   h of 30% @entity2 or those undergoing immediate decompression). We further demonstrate that @entity4 is an effective therapy to control raised intracanal pressure, rapidly reducing elevated intracanal pressure accompanying critical (45%) @entity2 to near normal. Overall these data indicate that following @entity3 only limited canal narrowing is tolerated before local intracanal pressure rapidly rises, inducing a sharp decline in neurological outcome. Raised intracanal pressure can be controlled with @entity4 , which may be a useful therapy to emergently decompress the spinal cord prior to surgical decompression.

title: Intracanal pressure in compressive XXXX : reduction with @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: To predict short-term outcome in acute @entity2 , we analyzed somatosensory evoked potentials ( @entity7 ) and biochemical parameters [ @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 protein] in a prospective study with serial measurement. In 31 @entity0 with 1st @entity4 , serum @entity5 and @entity6 protein were measured daily between days 1 and 6 poststroke. The N20 and N70 components of the @entity7 (SEP20 and SEP70) were determined on days 1 and 6. @entity7 and biochemical markers in @entity1 @entity0 were compared with a control group. Short-term outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at days 7-10 and was dichotomized between good (mRS 0-2) and poor (mRS >= 3) outcome. Specificity and positive predictive value ( @entity3 ) were high at day 1 for @entity7 (SEP20: 100% for both; SEP70: 93 and 88%, respectively) compared with lower values for @entity5 (67 and 50%) and @entity6 (23 and 57%). In contrast, @entity6 showed the highest sensitivity at day 1 with 77% compared with a relatively low sensitivity of @entity5 (31%) and @entity7 (SEP20: 35%, SEP70: 47%). The biochemical markers showed an improving sensitivity over time with best values (>90%) between days 3 and 4 at the expense of a lower specificity. Specificity and @entity3 of @entity7 on day 6 was still 100% with sensitivity increasing up to 53% (SEP20) and 60% (SEP70). @entity7 could early differentiate between good and poor outcome and reliably predict poor outcome. Since biochemical markers and @entity7 complement each other in the prognosis of @entity1 , a combined application of these markers seems promising.

title: Prognostic value of somatosensory evoked potentials, @entity5 , and @entity6 for short-term outcome in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: To predict short-term outcome in acute @entity2 , we analyzed somatosensory evoked potentials ( @entity7 ) and biochemical parameters [ @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 protein] in a prospective study with serial measurement. In 31 @entity0 with 1st @entity4 , serum @entity5 and @entity6 protein were measured daily between days 1 and 6 poststroke. The N20 and N70 components of the @entity7 (SEP20 and SEP70) were determined on days 1 and 6. @entity7 and biochemical markers in @entity1 @entity0 were compared with a control group. Short-term outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at days 7-10 and was dichotomized between good (mRS 0-2) and poor (mRS >= 3) outcome. Specificity and positive predictive value ( @entity3 ) were high at day 1 for @entity7 (SEP20: 100% for both; SEP70: 93 and 88%, respectively) compared with lower values for @entity5 (67 and 50%) and @entity6 (23 and 57%). In contrast, @entity6 showed the highest sensitivity at day 1 with 77% compared with a relatively low sensitivity of @entity5 (31%) and @entity7 (SEP20: 35%, SEP70: 47%). The biochemical markers showed an improving sensitivity over time with best values (>90%) between days 3 and 4 at the expense of a lower specificity. Specificity and @entity3 of @entity7 on day 6 was still 100% with sensitivity increasing up to 53% (SEP20) and 60% (SEP70). @entity7 could early differentiate between good and poor outcome and reliably predict poor outcome. Since biochemical markers and @entity7 complement each other in the prognosis of @entity1 , a combined application of these markers seems promising.

title: Prognostic value of somatosensory evoked potentials, XXXX , and @entity6 for short-term outcome in @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: To predict short-term outcome in acute @entity2 , we analyzed somatosensory evoked potentials ( @entity7 ) and biochemical parameters [ @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 protein] in a prospective study with serial measurement. In 31 @entity0 with 1st @entity4 , serum @entity5 and @entity6 protein were measured daily between days 1 and 6 poststroke. The N20 and N70 components of the @entity7 (SEP20 and SEP70) were determined on days 1 and 6. @entity7 and biochemical markers in @entity1 @entity0 were compared with a control group. Short-term outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at days 7-10 and was dichotomized between good (mRS 0-2) and poor (mRS >= 3) outcome. Specificity and positive predictive value ( @entity3 ) were high at day 1 for @entity7 (SEP20: 100% for both; SEP70: 93 and 88%, respectively) compared with lower values for @entity5 (67 and 50%) and @entity6 (23 and 57%). In contrast, @entity6 showed the highest sensitivity at day 1 with 77% compared with a relatively low sensitivity of @entity5 (31%) and @entity7 (SEP20: 35%, SEP70: 47%). The biochemical markers showed an improving sensitivity over time with best values (>90%) between days 3 and 4 at the expense of a lower specificity. Specificity and @entity3 of @entity7 on day 6 was still 100% with sensitivity increasing up to 53% (SEP20) and 60% (SEP70). @entity7 could early differentiate between good and poor outcome and reliably predict poor outcome. Since biochemical markers and @entity7 complement each other in the prognosis of @entity1 , a combined application of these markers seems promising.

title: Prognostic value of somatosensory evoked potentials, @entity5 , and XXXX for short-term outcome in @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mitochondrial oxidative stress is considered as a key accelerator of @entity3 in various organs including the liver. However, the production of oxidative stress and progression of @entity9 may merely represent the independent consequences of @entity4 caused by the @entity2 . Because of a lack of appropriate experimental models to evaluate the sole effects of oxidative stress, it is virtually unknown whether this stress is causatively linked to the progression of @entity9 . Here, we examined the direct effects of mitochondrial reactive @entity1 species (ROS) on the progression of high fat/calorie diet-induced @entity7 using Tet-mev-1 @entity0 , in which a mutated @entity11 dehydrogenase transgene impairs the mitochondrial electron transport and generates an excess amount of ROS in response to @entity10 administration. Wild type and Tet-mev-1 @entity0 that had been continuously given @entity10 -containing water were subsequently fed either normal chow or a @entity5 -free high-fat/high- @entity6 diet for 4 months at approximately 1 or 2 years of age. Histopathological examinations indicated that neither the mitochondrial ROS induced in Tet-mev-1 @entity0 nor the feeding of wild type animals with high-fat/high- @entity6 diet alone caused significant @entity9 . Only when the Tet-mev-1 @entity0 were fed a high-fat/high- @entity6 diet, it induced lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes and enhanced hepatic CC chemokine expression. These events were accompanied by increased infiltration of @entity12 -positive cells and activation of myofibroblasts, resulting in extensive @entity9 . Interestingly, this combinatorial effect of mitochondrial ROS and excess fat/calorie intake on @entity9 was observed only in 2-year-old Tet-mev-1 @entity0 , not in the 1-year-old animals. Collectively, these results indicate that mitochondrial ROS in combination with excess fat/calorie intake accelerates @entity9 by enhancing CC chemokine production in aged animals. We have provided a good experimental model to explore how high fat/calorie intake increases the susceptibility to @entity8 in aged individuals who have impaired mitochondrial adaptation.

title: A Combination of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Excess Fat/Calorie Intake Accelerates XXXX by Enhancing Hepatic CC Chemokine Production in @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mitochondrial oxidative stress is considered as a key accelerator of @entity3 in various organs including the liver. However, the production of oxidative stress and progression of @entity9 may merely represent the independent consequences of @entity4 caused by the @entity2 . Because of a lack of appropriate experimental models to evaluate the sole effects of oxidative stress, it is virtually unknown whether this stress is causatively linked to the progression of @entity9 . Here, we examined the direct effects of mitochondrial reactive @entity1 species (ROS) on the progression of high fat/calorie diet-induced @entity7 using Tet-mev-1 @entity0 , in which a mutated @entity11 dehydrogenase transgene impairs the mitochondrial electron transport and generates an excess amount of ROS in response to @entity10 administration. Wild type and Tet-mev-1 @entity0 that had been continuously given @entity10 -containing water were subsequently fed either normal chow or a @entity5 -free high-fat/high- @entity6 diet for 4 months at approximately 1 or 2 years of age. Histopathological examinations indicated that neither the mitochondrial ROS induced in Tet-mev-1 @entity0 nor the feeding of wild type animals with high-fat/high- @entity6 diet alone caused significant @entity9 . Only when the Tet-mev-1 @entity0 were fed a high-fat/high- @entity6 diet, it induced lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes and enhanced hepatic CC chemokine expression. These events were accompanied by increased infiltration of @entity12 -positive cells and activation of myofibroblasts, resulting in extensive @entity9 . Interestingly, this combinatorial effect of mitochondrial ROS and excess fat/calorie intake on @entity9 was observed only in 2-year-old Tet-mev-1 @entity0 , not in the 1-year-old animals. Collectively, these results indicate that mitochondrial ROS in combination with excess fat/calorie intake accelerates @entity9 by enhancing CC chemokine production in aged animals. We have provided a good experimental model to explore how high fat/calorie intake increases the susceptibility to @entity8 in aged individuals who have impaired mitochondrial adaptation.

title: A Combination of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Excess Fat/Calorie Intake Accelerates @entity7 by Enhancing Hepatic CC Chemokine Production in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unimpaired @entity5 presentation is a prerequisite for the recognition of @entity2 cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and thus essential for the success of anticancer immunotherapeutic concepts. Several approaches have been taken in the immunotherapy of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), however of limited success. HLA loss or down-regulation have often been reported and might interfere with immunotherapeutic approaches aimed at the recognition of HLA-presented peptides. METHODS: We employed a quantitative method of molecular analysis for the comparison of HLA amounts on @entity2 , normal kidney and @entity1 of @entity4 , using Edman degradation. We analyzed a series of 47 @entity4 samples including corresponding @entity3 , local lymph node @entity1 and distant @entity1 . RESULTS: Results of quantitative Edman degradation revealed significantly higher HLA yields on @entity2 and @entity1 compared to normal kidney tissue. This effect was shown not to result from infiltrating immune cells, since @entity2 -infiltrating lymphocytes had no influence on the overall HLA recovery from @entity2 tissue. Unexpectedly, we found a higher amount of HLA class I molecules on distant @entity1 compared to local lymph node @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Edman degradation allows the direct quantitative comparison of HLA class I protein expression by @entity2 or normal tissue and @entity1 of @entity4 @entity0 . Our results raise hopes for improving the success and effectiveness of future immunotherapeutic concepts for metastatic @entity4 .

title: Quantification of HLA class I molecules on XXXX using Edman degradation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a prevalent @entity2 disorder precipitated by exposure to extreme traumatic stress. Yet, most individuals exposed to traumatic stress do not develop @entity4 and may be considered psychologically resilient. The neural circuits involved in susceptibility or resiliency to @entity4 remain unclear, but clinical evidence implicates changes in the noradrenergic system. METHODS: An animal model of @entity4 called @entity1 Experience with Reminders of Stress (TERS) was developed by exposing C57BL/6 @entity0 to a single shock (2 mA, 10 sec) followed by exposure to six contextual 1-minute reminders of the shock over a 25-day period. @entity3 response (ASR) testing before the shock and after the last reminder allowed experimenters to separate the shocked @entity0 into two cohorts: @entity0 that developed a greatly increased ASR (TERS-susceptible @entity0 ) and @entity0 that did not (TERS-resilient @entity0 ). RESULTS: @entity2 and social behavioral correlates of @entity4 increased in TERS-susceptible @entity0 but not in TERS-resilient @entity0 or control @entity0 . Characterization of @entity5 expression in stress-related brain regions revealed that TERS-susceptible and TERS-resilient @entity0 displayed divergent brain activation following swim stress compared with control @entity0 . Pharmacological activation of noradrenergic inhibitory autoreceptors or blockade of postsynaptic a(1)-adrenoreceptors normalized ASR, @entity2 , and social interaction in TERS-susceptible @entity0 . The TERS-resilient, but not TERS-susceptible, @entity0 showed a trend toward decreased behavioral responsiveness to noradrenergic autoreceptor blockade compared with control @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: These data implicate the noradrenergic system as a possible site of pathological and perhaps also adaptive plasticity in response to traumatic stress.

title: The role of norepinephrine in differential response to stress in an animal model of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Frailty is a state of increased vulnerability to health-related stressors and can be measured by summing the number of frailty characteristics present in an individual. Discharge institutionalization (rather than discharge to home) represents disease burden and functional @entity3 after hospitalization. Our aim was to determine the relationship between frailty and need for @entity2 institutionalization. STUDY DESIGN: Subjects >=  65 years undergoing major elective operations requiring postoperative ICU admission were enrolled. Discharge institutionalization was defined as need for institutionalized care at hospital discharge. Fourteen preoperative frailty characteristics were measured in 6 domains: comorbidity burden, function, nutrition, @entity1 , and extrinsic frailty. RESULTS: A total of 223 subjects (mean age 73    6 years) were studied. Discharge institutionalization occurred in 30% (n = 66). Frailty characteristics related to need for @entity2 institutionalization included: older age, Charlson index >=  3, hematocrit <35%, any functional @entity3 , up-and-go >=  15 seconds, albumin <3.4 mg/dL, Mini-Cog score  <= 3, and having fallen within 6 months (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Multivariate logistic regression retained prolonged timed up-and-go (p < 0.0001) and any functional @entity3 (p < 0.0001) as the variables most closely related to need for discharge institutionalization. An increased number of frailty characteristics present in any one subject resulted in increased rate of discharge institutionalization. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly 1 in 3 geriatric @entity0 required discharge to an institutional care facility after major surgery. The frailty characteristics of prolonged up-and-go and any functional @entity3 were most closely related to the need for discharge institutionalization. Accumulation of a higher number of frailty characteristics in any one geriatric @entity0 increased their risk of discharge institutionalization.

title: Accumulated frailty characteristics predict XXXX institutionalization in the geriatric @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Frailty is a state of increased vulnerability to health-related stressors and can be measured by summing the number of frailty characteristics present in an individual. Discharge institutionalization (rather than discharge to home) represents disease burden and functional @entity3 after hospitalization. Our aim was to determine the relationship between frailty and need for @entity2 institutionalization. STUDY DESIGN: Subjects >=  65 years undergoing major elective operations requiring postoperative ICU admission were enrolled. Discharge institutionalization was defined as need for institutionalized care at hospital discharge. Fourteen preoperative frailty characteristics were measured in 6 domains: comorbidity burden, function, nutrition, @entity1 , and extrinsic frailty. RESULTS: A total of 223 subjects (mean age 73    6 years) were studied. Discharge institutionalization occurred in 30% (n = 66). Frailty characteristics related to need for @entity2 institutionalization included: older age, Charlson index >=  3, hematocrit <35%, any functional @entity3 , up-and-go >=  15 seconds, albumin <3.4 mg/dL, Mini-Cog score  <= 3, and having fallen within 6 months (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Multivariate logistic regression retained prolonged timed up-and-go (p < 0.0001) and any functional @entity3 (p < 0.0001) as the variables most closely related to need for discharge institutionalization. An increased number of frailty characteristics present in any one subject resulted in increased rate of discharge institutionalization. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly 1 in 3 geriatric @entity0 required discharge to an institutional care facility after major surgery. The frailty characteristics of prolonged up-and-go and any functional @entity3 were most closely related to the need for discharge institutionalization. Accumulation of a higher number of frailty characteristics in any one geriatric @entity0 increased their risk of discharge institutionalization.

title: Accumulated frailty characteristics predict @entity2 institutionalization in the geriatric XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aspartic transcarbamylase (ATCase) activity of @entity2 cells disappears rapidly from stationary-phase cells prior to sporulation. ATCase activity does not appear in the culture fluid during the stationary phase; hence the enzyme appears to be inactivated in the cells. The enzyme is inactivated normally in two different mutants lacking proteases; the activity is very stable in crude extracts of cells or in the culture fluid. These results suggest that ATCase is not inactivated by the general proteolysis that occurs in sporulating bacteria. The inactivation of ATCase can be completely inhibited after it has begun by @entity0 starvation or addition of @entity1 . Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport also interrupt the inactivation of ATCase. The inactivation of ATCase is very slow in two mutant strains that are deficient in enzymes of @entity4 cycle. Addition of @entity6 to stationary cultures of the mutant strains, which is known to restore depleted @entity5 pools in these bacteria, also restores inactivation of ATCase. These experiments support the conclusion that the generation of metabolic energy is necessary for the inactivation of ATCase in stationary cells. ATCase activity is stable in growing cells in which ATCase synthesis is repressed by addition of @entity3 ; the enzyme is inactivated normally, however, when such cells cease growing.

title: Inactivation of aspartic transcarbamylase in sporulating XXXX : demonstration of a requirement for metabolic energy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The specialised regions of the stomach include the @entity2 , fundus, body, antrum and the pylorus. Not only do these regions have specific secretory functions, but also, they have specific motor functions as well. For example, the proximal stomach is most important in regulating emptying of liquids and the distal stomach and pylorus, the emptying of solids. Disorders of gastric emptying can be classified into two major categories: mechanical obstruction due to increased resistance and functional obstruction ( @entity7 ) due to pump failure. Gastroparesis is best diagnosed using a solid test meal which is labelled by a gamma-emitting radionuclide. Agents employed to treat @entity7 include @entity9 , @entity4 and @entity5 . Entero-gastric reflux occurs when there are abnormalities in the duodeno-gastric pressure gradient or the duodeno-gastric resistance mechanism. @entity1 may be seen in @entity0 with @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity8 or @entity1 . The diagnosis of @entity1 depends upon typical symptoms and the demonstration of @entity1 by scintigraphic techniques or the measurement of bile concentrations within the stomach. Medical treatment with bile chelating agents and surface coating agents has been disappointing. Surgical treatment should only be undertaken as a last resort.

title: Gastroduodenal motility disturbances in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 38-year-old @entity0 presented with a case of post-traumatic ethmoidal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak that was repaired using a purely endoscopic endonasal approach. Six weeks after a mild domestic maxillofacial @entity2 , she started complaining of clear, watery discharge from the left nostril and @entity1 . Neuroimaging investigations disclosed a linear fracture of the left anterior ethmoidal roof without evidence of large bony breaches or any brain tissue damage. After conservative medical treatment with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors failed, she was referred to our hospital for surgical repair of the @entity3 . An endoscopic endonasal transethmoidal approach was successfully performed, and an overlay technique was used to reconstruct the defect. The @entity0 was discharged without clinical evidence of CSF @entity5 and no leaks were apparent at the 3-month follow-up clinical and radiological examinations. Post-traumatic CSF @entity5 occurs in cases of dural tears associated with small bone breaks, most frequently involving the anterior skull base. Recovery is often spontaneous following only bed rest, or with medical treatments such as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase diuretics, @entity4 , or eventually stool softeners to help reduce CSF pressure. Surgical repair is required when first-line conservative treatment proves ineffective. The present case shows that the endoscopic endonasal technique for the management of CSF leaks provides a less invasive surgical route to achieve valid dural repair.

title: Purely endoscopic repair of XXXX from the anterior skull base: case report.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A 38-year-old male was referred because of @entity1 in the left 5th lumbar (L5) root territory. Physical examination found moderate @entity2 in the left extensor hallucis longus (EHL) and the left tibialis anterior muscles. Magnetic resonance imaging found no stenotic lesion between L4-L5, but disc herniation was observed on the left between L1-L2. An L5 nerve root block provided temporary relief of the @entity1 but the left foot @entity2 was exacerbated. Therefore, surgery was performed. Partial laminectomy and left herniotomy were performed at L1-L2, L2-L3, and L3-L4 with motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring. The MEP amplitude of the left EHL muscle increased immediately after L1-L2 herniotomy. The MEP amplitude of the right EHL muscle also increased after both laminectomy and herniotomy. The postoperative course was uneventful. The left leg @entity1 and @entity2 disappeared. The @entity0 has been doing fine without recurrence for 12 months. Since the MEP of both left and right EHL muscles improved after the @entity3 herniotomy, circulatory insufficiency might have caused the L5 symptoms. Monitoring of the MEP during the surgery was useful for confirming the responsible lesion and also for predicting the postoperative course.

title: Motor evoked potential study suggesting L5 radiculopathy caused by XXXX disc herniation: case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This randomized, comparative, phase-IIIb study conducted in France aimed to demonstrate whether seroprotection against @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity3 1 month after a single dose of REVAXIS (low-dose @entity4 ) is non-inferior to seroprotection 1 month after a single dose of DT Polio (standard-dose @entity4 ), both vaccines being given as a second booster to healthy @entity0 at 6 years of age. @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive a single intramuscular dose of REVAXIS or DT Polio. Primary endpoints were the 1-month post-booster seroprotection rates for @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity5 type-1, -2 and -3 antigens. Secondary endpoints were immunogenicity and safety observations. Of 788 @entity0 screened, 760 were randomized: REVAXIS group, 384 @entity0 ; DT Polio group, 376 @entity0 . No relevant difference in demographic characteristics at baseline was observed between REVAXIS and DT Polio groups. Non-inferiority of REVAXIS compared with DT Polio for seroprotection was demonstrated against @entity4 (respectively 98.6% and 99.3%), @entity2 (respectively 99.6% and 100%), and poliovirus antigens (100% for each types in both groups). No @entity1 to REVAXIS were reported. A benefit/risk ratio in favor of REVAXIS was suggested by the trend towards a better tolerability of REVAXIS compared with DT Polio regarding the rate of severe solicited injection-site reactions. The results support the use of REVAXIS as a booster at 6 years of age in @entity0 who previously received a three-dose primary series within the first 6 months of life and a first booster including @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity5 vaccine(s) given before 2 years of age.

title: Immunogenicity and safety of combined adsorbed low-dose @entity4 , @entity2 and inactivated @entity5 vaccine (REVAXIS (  )) versus combined @entity4 , XXXX and inactivated @entity5 vaccine (DT Polio (  )) given as a booster dose at 6 years of age.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This randomized, comparative, phase-IIIb study conducted in France aimed to demonstrate whether seroprotection against @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity3 1 month after a single dose of REVAXIS (low-dose @entity4 ) is non-inferior to seroprotection 1 month after a single dose of DT Polio (standard-dose @entity4 ), both vaccines being given as a second booster to healthy @entity0 at 6 years of age. @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive a single intramuscular dose of REVAXIS or DT Polio. Primary endpoints were the 1-month post-booster seroprotection rates for @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity5 type-1, -2 and -3 antigens. Secondary endpoints were immunogenicity and safety observations. Of 788 @entity0 screened, 760 were randomized: REVAXIS group, 384 @entity0 ; DT Polio group, 376 @entity0 . No relevant difference in demographic characteristics at baseline was observed between REVAXIS and DT Polio groups. Non-inferiority of REVAXIS compared with DT Polio for seroprotection was demonstrated against @entity4 (respectively 98.6% and 99.3%), @entity2 (respectively 99.6% and 100%), and poliovirus antigens (100% for each types in both groups). No @entity1 to REVAXIS were reported. A benefit/risk ratio in favor of REVAXIS was suggested by the trend towards a better tolerability of REVAXIS compared with DT Polio regarding the rate of severe solicited injection-site reactions. The results support the use of REVAXIS as a booster at 6 years of age in @entity0 who previously received a three-dose primary series within the first 6 months of life and a first booster including @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity5 vaccine(s) given before 2 years of age.

title: Immunogenicity and safety of combined adsorbed low-dose @entity4 , XXXX and inactivated @entity5 vaccine (REVAXIS (  )) versus combined @entity4 , @entity2 and inactivated @entity5 vaccine (DT Polio (  )) given as a booster dose at 6 years of age.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This randomized, comparative, phase-IIIb study conducted in France aimed to demonstrate whether seroprotection against @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity3 1 month after a single dose of REVAXIS (low-dose @entity4 ) is non-inferior to seroprotection 1 month after a single dose of DT Polio (standard-dose @entity4 ), both vaccines being given as a second booster to healthy @entity0 at 6 years of age. @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive a single intramuscular dose of REVAXIS or DT Polio. Primary endpoints were the 1-month post-booster seroprotection rates for @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity5 type-1, -2 and -3 antigens. Secondary endpoints were immunogenicity and safety observations. Of 788 @entity0 screened, 760 were randomized: REVAXIS group, 384 @entity0 ; DT Polio group, 376 @entity0 . No relevant difference in demographic characteristics at baseline was observed between REVAXIS and DT Polio groups. Non-inferiority of REVAXIS compared with DT Polio for seroprotection was demonstrated against @entity4 (respectively 98.6% and 99.3%), @entity2 (respectively 99.6% and 100%), and poliovirus antigens (100% for each types in both groups). No @entity1 to REVAXIS were reported. A benefit/risk ratio in favor of REVAXIS was suggested by the trend towards a better tolerability of REVAXIS compared with DT Polio regarding the rate of severe solicited injection-site reactions. The results support the use of REVAXIS as a booster at 6 years of age in @entity0 who previously received a three-dose primary series within the first 6 months of life and a first booster including @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity5 vaccine(s) given before 2 years of age.

title: Immunogenicity and safety of combined adsorbed low-dose XXXX , @entity2 and inactivated @entity5 vaccine (REVAXIS (  )) versus combined @entity4 , @entity2 and inactivated @entity5 vaccine (DT Polio (  )) given as a booster dose at 6 years of age.

answer: @entity4


abstract: This randomized, comparative, phase-IIIb study conducted in France aimed to demonstrate whether seroprotection against @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity3 1 month after a single dose of REVAXIS (low-dose @entity4 ) is non-inferior to seroprotection 1 month after a single dose of DT Polio (standard-dose @entity4 ), both vaccines being given as a second booster to healthy @entity0 at 6 years of age. @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive a single intramuscular dose of REVAXIS or DT Polio. Primary endpoints were the 1-month post-booster seroprotection rates for @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity5 type-1, -2 and -3 antigens. Secondary endpoints were immunogenicity and safety observations. Of 788 @entity0 screened, 760 were randomized: REVAXIS group, 384 @entity0 ; DT Polio group, 376 @entity0 . No relevant difference in demographic characteristics at baseline was observed between REVAXIS and DT Polio groups. Non-inferiority of REVAXIS compared with DT Polio for seroprotection was demonstrated against @entity4 (respectively 98.6% and 99.3%), @entity2 (respectively 99.6% and 100%), and poliovirus antigens (100% for each types in both groups). No @entity1 to REVAXIS were reported. A benefit/risk ratio in favor of REVAXIS was suggested by the trend towards a better tolerability of REVAXIS compared with DT Polio regarding the rate of severe solicited injection-site reactions. The results support the use of REVAXIS as a booster at 6 years of age in @entity0 who previously received a three-dose primary series within the first 6 months of life and a first booster including @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity5 vaccine(s) given before 2 years of age.

title: Immunogenicity and safety of combined adsorbed low-dose @entity4 , @entity2 and inactivated @entity5 vaccine (REVAXIS (  )) versus combined XXXX , @entity2 and inactivated @entity5 vaccine (DT Polio (  )) given as a booster dose at 6 years of age.

answer: @entity4


abstract: This randomized, comparative, phase-IIIb study conducted in France aimed to demonstrate whether seroprotection against @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity3 1 month after a single dose of REVAXIS (low-dose @entity4 ) is non-inferior to seroprotection 1 month after a single dose of DT Polio (standard-dose @entity4 ), both vaccines being given as a second booster to healthy @entity0 at 6 years of age. @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive a single intramuscular dose of REVAXIS or DT Polio. Primary endpoints were the 1-month post-booster seroprotection rates for @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity5 type-1, -2 and -3 antigens. Secondary endpoints were immunogenicity and safety observations. Of 788 @entity0 screened, 760 were randomized: REVAXIS group, 384 @entity0 ; DT Polio group, 376 @entity0 . No relevant difference in demographic characteristics at baseline was observed between REVAXIS and DT Polio groups. Non-inferiority of REVAXIS compared with DT Polio for seroprotection was demonstrated against @entity4 (respectively 98.6% and 99.3%), @entity2 (respectively 99.6% and 100%), and poliovirus antigens (100% for each types in both groups). No @entity1 to REVAXIS were reported. A benefit/risk ratio in favor of REVAXIS was suggested by the trend towards a better tolerability of REVAXIS compared with DT Polio regarding the rate of severe solicited injection-site reactions. The results support the use of REVAXIS as a booster at 6 years of age in @entity0 who previously received a three-dose primary series within the first 6 months of life and a first booster including @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity5 vaccine(s) given before 2 years of age.

title: Immunogenicity and safety of combined adsorbed low-dose @entity4 , @entity2 and inactivated XXXX vaccine (REVAXIS (  )) versus combined @entity4 , @entity2 and inactivated @entity5 vaccine (DT Polio (  )) given as a booster dose at 6 years of age.

answer: @entity5


abstract: This randomized, comparative, phase-IIIb study conducted in France aimed to demonstrate whether seroprotection against @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity3 1 month after a single dose of REVAXIS (low-dose @entity4 ) is non-inferior to seroprotection 1 month after a single dose of DT Polio (standard-dose @entity4 ), both vaccines being given as a second booster to healthy @entity0 at 6 years of age. @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive a single intramuscular dose of REVAXIS or DT Polio. Primary endpoints were the 1-month post-booster seroprotection rates for @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity5 type-1, -2 and -3 antigens. Secondary endpoints were immunogenicity and safety observations. Of 788 @entity0 screened, 760 were randomized: REVAXIS group, 384 @entity0 ; DT Polio group, 376 @entity0 . No relevant difference in demographic characteristics at baseline was observed between REVAXIS and DT Polio groups. Non-inferiority of REVAXIS compared with DT Polio for seroprotection was demonstrated against @entity4 (respectively 98.6% and 99.3%), @entity2 (respectively 99.6% and 100%), and poliovirus antigens (100% for each types in both groups). No @entity1 to REVAXIS were reported. A benefit/risk ratio in favor of REVAXIS was suggested by the trend towards a better tolerability of REVAXIS compared with DT Polio regarding the rate of severe solicited injection-site reactions. The results support the use of REVAXIS as a booster at 6 years of age in @entity0 who previously received a three-dose primary series within the first 6 months of life and a first booster including @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity5 vaccine(s) given before 2 years of age.

title: Immunogenicity and safety of combined adsorbed low-dose @entity4 , @entity2 and inactivated @entity5 vaccine (REVAXIS (  )) versus combined @entity4 , @entity2 and inactivated XXXX vaccine (DT Polio (  )) given as a booster dose at 6 years of age.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The collective experience with @entity12 in the treatment of skin, soft tissue, bone, and joint @entity3 is presented. @entity0 were treated with dosages ranging between 25 and 150 mg/kg per day for between five and 42 days. A total of 570 @entity0 with skin and @entity2 were treated with @entity12 . Comparative studies, using either @entity11 or @entity7 plus @entity9 as control drugs, included 239 @entity0 . There were 600 evaluable @entity0 in five categories of skin or skin structure infection: 252 @entity0 had @entity6 , 107 had wound @entity3 , 103 had abscesses, 90 had skin ulcers, and 48 had other miscellaneous @entity3 . Bacteriologic etiologies were gram-negative rods in 303 episodes, gram-positive cocci in 241, anaerobes in 14 episodes, and miscellaneous other organisms in 48 episodes. Overall bacteriologic efficacy was 90 percent in @entity12 -treated @entity3 and 76 percent in control-treated @entity3 . The clinical efficacy of @entity12 against @entity3 caused by the gram-positive cocci, particularly Staphylococcus species, was surprisingly good (85 percent) and similar to the efficacy achieved in the @entity11 -treated @entity0 (85 percent). The overall clinical efficacy for @entity12 was 93 percent. One hundred thirty-four @entity0 with bone or joint @entity3 received @entity12 . The dosages were similar, but the duration of treatment was the longest in this group. @entity12 treatment was compared with standard dosages of @entity7 and @entity9 in 11 @entity0 . @entity8 was cured in 58 of the 101 @entity0 who received @entity12 . In five @entity0 , @entity8 failed to respond: in two, a resistant Pseudomonas strain emerged; the other three failures were due to persistent bone sequestra. Thirty-eight @entity0 showed improvement. Of those in the @entity7 and @entity9 group, nine of 10 evaluable @entity0 (90 percent) showed either cure or improvement. The one failure was due to a persistent sequestrum. Thirteen @entity0 with @entity10 and seven with @entity5 were also treated with @entity12 ; the overall cure rate was 75 percent. Adverse reactions to @entity12 were severe, and the drug was discontinued in 13 of 570 (2.3 percent) @entity0 with skin or @entity2 and in five of 134 (3.7 percent) @entity0 with @entity1 . These data suggest that @entity12 is effective as monotherapy in the treatment of skin, @entity1 , and that it may be more efficacious against @entity4 than predicted from in vitro data.

title: Treatment of skin, @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity12


abstract: The collective experience with @entity12 in the treatment of skin, soft tissue, bone, and joint @entity3 is presented. @entity0 were treated with dosages ranging between 25 and 150 mg/kg per day for between five and 42 days. A total of 570 @entity0 with skin and @entity2 were treated with @entity12 . Comparative studies, using either @entity11 or @entity7 plus @entity9 as control drugs, included 239 @entity0 . There were 600 evaluable @entity0 in five categories of skin or skin structure infection: 252 @entity0 had @entity6 , 107 had wound @entity3 , 103 had abscesses, 90 had skin ulcers, and 48 had other miscellaneous @entity3 . Bacteriologic etiologies were gram-negative rods in 303 episodes, gram-positive cocci in 241, anaerobes in 14 episodes, and miscellaneous other organisms in 48 episodes. Overall bacteriologic efficacy was 90 percent in @entity12 -treated @entity3 and 76 percent in control-treated @entity3 . The clinical efficacy of @entity12 against @entity3 caused by the gram-positive cocci, particularly Staphylococcus species, was surprisingly good (85 percent) and similar to the efficacy achieved in the @entity11 -treated @entity0 (85 percent). The overall clinical efficacy for @entity12 was 93 percent. One hundred thirty-four @entity0 with bone or joint @entity3 received @entity12 . The dosages were similar, but the duration of treatment was the longest in this group. @entity12 treatment was compared with standard dosages of @entity7 and @entity9 in 11 @entity0 . @entity8 was cured in 58 of the 101 @entity0 who received @entity12 . In five @entity0 , @entity8 failed to respond: in two, a resistant Pseudomonas strain emerged; the other three failures were due to persistent bone sequestra. Thirty-eight @entity0 showed improvement. Of those in the @entity7 and @entity9 group, nine of 10 evaluable @entity0 (90 percent) showed either cure or improvement. The one failure was due to a persistent sequestrum. Thirteen @entity0 with @entity10 and seven with @entity5 were also treated with @entity12 ; the overall cure rate was 75 percent. Adverse reactions to @entity12 were severe, and the drug was discontinued in 13 of 570 (2.3 percent) @entity0 with skin or @entity2 and in five of 134 (3.7 percent) @entity0 with @entity1 . These data suggest that @entity12 is effective as monotherapy in the treatment of skin, @entity1 , and that it may be more efficacious against @entity4 than predicted from in vitro data.

title: Treatment of skin, XXXX with @entity12 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1 -healing process is closely related to blood supply. Intermittent pneumatic compression of the surrounding soft tissue may alter blood flow and, therefore, modify the healing process. The object of the present study was to evaluate the effect of intermittent pneumatic compression on @entity1 -healing in an animal model. METHODS: Unilateral, transverse, mid-tibial osteotomies with a 3-mm gap were performed in thirty @entity0 . The osteotomy site was stabilized with a double-bar external fixator. The femoral vein was ligated to induce @entity4 . Beginning on the fourth postoperative day, fifteen @entity0 were treated with intermittent pneumatic compression with use of four @entity3 , two around the distal part of the @entity2 and two around the midpart of the @entity2 , for one hour daily for four weeks (the study group) and fifteen @entity0 were not treated with intermittent pneumatic compression (the control group). Peripheral computerized tomographic examination was performed biweekly to measure callus area and mineral content at the @entity1 gap. At eight weeks, the @entity0 were killed, and the biomechanical properties of the healing fractures were evaluated with a torsional test. RESULTS: An increase in callus area and mineral content at the osteotomy gap was observed in the study group, compared with the values in the control group, starting four weeks after the index procedure. At six weeks, the @entity0 treated with intermittent pneumatic compression exhibited, on the average, a 32.2% larger callus area (p = 0.035) and a 49.7% higher mineral content (p = 0.01) at the osteotomy site compared with the values in the control group. The torsional stiffness, maximum torque, angular displacement at maximum torque, and energy required to failure of specimens in the study group were an average of 27.0% (p = 0.05), 61.5% (p = 0.0001), 35.4% (p = 0.0003), and 110.8% (p = 0.0001) higher, respectively, than those in the control group at eight weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent pneumatic compression enhanced callus mineralization and development and it improved the biomechanical properties of a healing osteotomy site in the @entity0 tibia.

title: Effect of intermittent pneumatic soft-tissue compression on XXXX -healing in an animal model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The clinical and pathologic findings were studied in 68 @entity0 with primary @entity5 ( @entity8 ). The initial sites included: tonsil (51%; 9% bilateral), nasopharynx (35%), base of tongue (9%), and multiple areas (4%). The mean age was 58 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1.0. @entity9 presented with sore throat and @entity6 , whereas @entity5 most commonly presented with nasal, auditory, and @entity3 . A neck mass was the sole presenting symptom in 12% of @entity0 . Work-up showed 42% Stage I, 47% Stage II, 4% Stage III, and 7% Stage IV. All were @entity7 . Diffuse architecture predominated (71%) and 70% had a histiocytic or large cell morphology (diffuse histiocytic 51%, nodular histiocytic 19%). The National @entity1 Institute (NCI) Working Formulation grades were 13% low, 81% intermediate, and 6% high. In difficult cases, detection of monoclonal immunoglobulin, absence of keratin staining, and lack of epithelial features by electron microscopy were useful adjuncts aiding in diagnosis. Following complete remission, 28 @entity0 relapsed, 75% of these within 2 years (median, 10 months). Thirty-seven (54%) @entity0 died with disease (median survival, 27 months). Of these, 89% had disseminated @entity5 . Local-regional disease was the direct cause of @entity4 in 13%. Recurrence or persistence of disease in @entity8 occurred in 9% of cases, most with initial clinical evidence of soft tissue extension. Stage I @entity0 had a significantly better median survival (67 months) than Stage II @entity0 (20 months) (P = 0.03). Prognostically favorable histologic parameters included lower NCI Working Formulation grade and follicular architecture. Ten @entity0 (15%) developed @entity2 , eight involving the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and all died within 1 year of its occurrence. The findings indicate that stage and certain histologic parameters are important prognostic factors in @entity5 . The study confirms the association of primary @entity5 with @entity2 , particularly involving the GI tract, and emphasizes the poor prognosis of @entity0 in whom this occurs.

title: Primary XXXX . Clinicopathologic study of 68 cases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Subsets of lymphocytes in the thyroid were immunophenotyped by their surface antigens in frozen tissues of @entity1 and @entity2 . Using triple layer immunoperoxidase staining (IP), monoclonal antibodies (T3, Leu 3, T8, anti-Tac and @entity3 ) were employed to detect markers of T cell subsets, activated T cells, and a natural killer associated antigen. B cells were identified by 2 step IP with anti-IgD antisera. Excluding those cells forming lymphoid follicles, the density of lymphocytes infiltrating between thyroid epithelial cells was much higher in @entity1 than in @entity2 . However, relative proportions of subsets were similar in both diseases. Most of the infiltrating cells were T3 positive T cells (T3+), with more T8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic T) than Leu 3+ (inducer/helper T). Some @entity3 + were occasionally seen, but surface IgD positive mature B cells (IgD+) were almost absent. In contrast, IgD+ cells were densely aggregated in primary lymphoid follicles and mantle zones of secondary follicles. In these regions, Leu 3+ cells were about twice as frequent as T8+ cells. Some @entity3 + and scarce Tac+ cells were also found. The present study indicates a major involvement of immunoregulatory T cells in @entity0 , and also suggested intrathyroidal maturation of B cells.

title: Immunohistological phenotyping of thyroid infiltrating lymphocytes in XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Subsets of lymphocytes in the thyroid were immunophenotyped by their surface antigens in frozen tissues of @entity1 and @entity2 . Using triple layer immunoperoxidase staining (IP), monoclonal antibodies (T3, Leu 3, T8, anti-Tac and @entity3 ) were employed to detect markers of T cell subsets, activated T cells, and a natural killer associated antigen. B cells were identified by 2 step IP with anti-IgD antisera. Excluding those cells forming lymphoid follicles, the density of lymphocytes infiltrating between thyroid epithelial cells was much higher in @entity1 than in @entity2 . However, relative proportions of subsets were similar in both diseases. Most of the infiltrating cells were T3 positive T cells (T3+), with more T8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic T) than Leu 3+ (inducer/helper T). Some @entity3 + were occasionally seen, but surface IgD positive mature B cells (IgD+) were almost absent. In contrast, IgD+ cells were densely aggregated in primary lymphoid follicles and mantle zones of secondary follicles. In these regions, Leu 3+ cells were about twice as frequent as T8+ cells. Some @entity3 + and scarce Tac+ cells were also found. The present study indicates a major involvement of immunoregulatory T cells in @entity0 , and also suggested intrathyroidal maturation of B cells.

title: Immunohistological phenotyping of thyroid infiltrating lymphocytes in @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are frequently present in @entity0 @entity2 with CD8+(-)T-cells as effector and CD4+ T-cells as helper cells. Despite the well established knowledge about @entity2 , only little is known about metastatic disease, especially for liver @entity1 . The role of the innate immune system in the @entity2 defence is still enigmatic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a subtyping of TIL in 20 liver @entity1 . Using immunohistochemistry, CD20+, CD3+, CD56+, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, gamma/delta-T-cells and alpha/beta-T-cells in the @entity2 , the peritumoral region, portal tracts and lobules were investigated. RESULTS: The immune response was highly accentuated in the surroundings of the @entity1 with only few lymphocytes in the @entity2 itself. There was a dominance of CD3+(-)CD4+(-)alpha/beta-T-cells with a lower number of CD8+(-)T-cells. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 6:1. CD56+(-)NK/NKT-cells and gamma/delta-T-cells were rare. No differences were found between @entity1 from different primaries or according to the number or diameter of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: TIL are part of an interaction between the @entity1 and the liver. Among them CD4+ T-cells seem to have a unique independent function in @entity2 response. The localization of the immune response in the @entity2 periphery might be a reason for insufficient @entity2 defense. A defect in the innate immune system could be a reason for the escape of the @entity1 cells from @entity2 surveillance.

title: Dominance of CD4+ alpha/beta T-cells and inferior role of innate immune reaction in liver XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13 , a new analog of @entity7 , has been developed and marketed in recent years in Japan. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and @entity3 of a regimen of @entity13 and @entity11 with radiation in @entity0 with advanced @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 1999 and December 2002, 42 @entity0 with advanced and unresectable @entity12 ( @entity8 ) were enrolled into this study. Twenty-five of these 42 @entity0 were considered to have inoperable @entity2 due to distant organ @entity1 , distant lymph node @entity1 , severe organ dysfunction and rejection of surgery by the @entity0 . The remaining 17 @entity0 received neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery. The clinical responses of the @entity2 were evaluated. RESULTS: Response and @entity3 could be assessed in 22 of the 25 @entity0 with unresectable esophageal @entity8 . Two of these 22 achieved a complete response (CR), 15 had a partial response (PR) and 5 showed no change (NC). The overall response rate (CR + PR) was 77%. The one- and 2-year survival rates were 30.7% and 10.2%, respectively, with a @entity9 ( @entity9 ) of 10.1 months. Of the 17 @entity0 who received neoadjuvant treatment, 14 underwent subsequent surgery. Preoperatively, 2 of these 17 @entity0 achieved a CR, 10 had a PR and 5 showed NC. The overall response rate for all 39 @entity0 was 74%. The pathological complete response (pCR) rate of the 14 @entity0 who underwent surgery was 28.6%. Their one- and 2-year survival rates were 48.2% and 12.1%, respectively, with an @entity9 of 12.2 months. @entity3 was evaluated in the 39 @entity0 whose responses were assessed. @entity3 higher than grade 3 occurred in 8 out of 39 (20.5%) @entity0 , and 6 (15.4%), 3 (7.7%) and one (2.6%) had grade 3 @entity10 , @entity6 and @entity4 , respectively. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study indicates that combination chemoradiotherapy with @entity13 and @entity11 is safe and efficacious for @entity0 with advanced @entity5 . We recommend further evaluation of this treatment regimen in such @entity0 .

title: Efficacy and XXXX of @entity13 and @entity11 with radiation treatment for advanced @entity5 .

answer: @entity3