abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe @entity2 is a life-threatening medical emergency and requires prompt and effective treatment to prevent @entity1 . There is paucity of published information on current practices of severe @entity2 case management in sub-Saharan Africa; we evaluated the management practices for severe @entity2 in Ugandan health facilities METHODS AND FINDINGS: We did a cross sectional survey, using multi-stage sampling methods, of health facilities in 11 districts in the eastern and mid-western parts of Uganda. The study instruments were adapted from the WHO hospital care assessment tools. Between June and August 2009, 105 health facilities were surveyed and 181 health workers and 868 @entity0 /caretakers interviewed. None of the inpatient facilities had all seven components of a basic care package for the management of severe @entity2 consistently available during the 3 months prior to the survey. Referral practices were appropriate for <10% (18/196) of the @entity0 . Prompt care at any health facility was reported by 29% (247/868) of @entity0 . Severe @entity2 was correctly diagnosed in 27% of @entity0 (233).Though the @entity4 dose and regimen was correct in the majority (611/868, 70.4%) of @entity0 , it was administered in the correct volumes of 5% @entity3 in only 18% (147/815). Most @entity0 (80.1%) had several doses of @entity4 administered in one single 500 ml bottle of 5% dextrose. Medications were purchased by 385 (44%) @entity0 and medical supplies by 478 @entity0 (70.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Management of severe @entity2 in Ugandan health facilities was sub-optimal. These findings highlight the challenges of correctly managing severe @entity2 in resource limited settings. Priority areas for improvement include triage and emergency care, referral practises, quality of diagnosis and treatment, availability of medicines and supplies, training and support supervision.

title: Case management of severe XXXX --a forgotten practice: experiences from health facilities in Uganda.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze visual outcomes after @entity1 surgery in @entity0 with previous corneal refractive surgery. SETTING: @entity1 surgery clinics in 18 European countries and Australia. DESIGN: Database study. METHODS: Cases of @entity1 extraction with corneal refractive surgery eyes (corneal refractive cases) were identified from all @entity1 extractions reported to the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for @entity1 and Refractive Surgery database over a 5-year period. Preoperative and postoperative measurements and trends over time were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 807,220 @entity1 extractions, 1229 (0.15%) were corneal refractive cases. There was a significant increase, over time, in the number of corneal refractive cases (P < .001). Corneal refractive @entity0 were younger than @entity0 without corneal refractive surgery (nonrefractive @entity0 ) (62.9 years versus 74.0 years; P < .001) but had similar mean preoperative and postoperative corrected-distance visual acuity (CDVA) (preoperative logMAR 0.44[6/16] for both [P = .286]; postoperative logMAR 0.06[6/7] for both [P = .245]). Postoperative CDVA was worse than preoperative CDVA in 35 (4%) corneal refractive and 8,999 (1.5%) nonrefractive @entity0 (P  <  .001). In all, 74 (8.5%) of 873 corneal refractive versus 16,566 (2.8%) /584,496 nonrefractive @entity0 , having @entity1 surgery, had preoperative CDVA of logMAR 0.0[6/6] or better (P < .001). Nineteen (54.3%) of 35 corneal refractive case @entity0 who had worse postoperative CDVA had preoperative CDVA of logMAR 0.0(6/6) or better. CONCLUSION: @entity1 surgery has been reported with increasing frequency in corneal refractive surgery @entity0 , since 2008. These @entity0 had preoperative CDVA similar to those of @entity0 without previous corneal refractive surgery but were younger and were at higher risk of worse postoperative CDVA, especially if they had preoperative CDVA of logMAR 0.0(6/6) or better. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has any financial or proprietary interest in any material, or method, mentioned.

title: XXXX surgery outcomes in corneal refractive surgery eyes: Study from the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for @entity1 and Refractive Surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze visual outcomes after @entity1 surgery in @entity0 with previous corneal refractive surgery. SETTING: @entity1 surgery clinics in 18 European countries and Australia. DESIGN: Database study. METHODS: Cases of @entity1 extraction with corneal refractive surgery eyes (corneal refractive cases) were identified from all @entity1 extractions reported to the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for @entity1 and Refractive Surgery database over a 5-year period. Preoperative and postoperative measurements and trends over time were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 807,220 @entity1 extractions, 1229 (0.15%) were corneal refractive cases. There was a significant increase, over time, in the number of corneal refractive cases (P < .001). Corneal refractive @entity0 were younger than @entity0 without corneal refractive surgery (nonrefractive @entity0 ) (62.9 years versus 74.0 years; P < .001) but had similar mean preoperative and postoperative corrected-distance visual acuity (CDVA) (preoperative logMAR 0.44[6/16] for both [P = .286]; postoperative logMAR 0.06[6/7] for both [P = .245]). Postoperative CDVA was worse than preoperative CDVA in 35 (4%) corneal refractive and 8,999 (1.5%) nonrefractive @entity0 (P  <  .001). In all, 74 (8.5%) of 873 corneal refractive versus 16,566 (2.8%) /584,496 nonrefractive @entity0 , having @entity1 surgery, had preoperative CDVA of logMAR 0.0[6/6] or better (P < .001). Nineteen (54.3%) of 35 corneal refractive case @entity0 who had worse postoperative CDVA had preoperative CDVA of logMAR 0.0(6/6) or better. CONCLUSION: @entity1 surgery has been reported with increasing frequency in corneal refractive surgery @entity0 , since 2008. These @entity0 had preoperative CDVA similar to those of @entity0 without previous corneal refractive surgery but were younger and were at higher risk of worse postoperative CDVA, especially if they had preoperative CDVA of logMAR 0.0(6/6) or better. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has any financial or proprietary interest in any material, or method, mentioned.

title: @entity1 surgery outcomes in corneal refractive surgery eyes: Study from the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for XXXX and Refractive Surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and risk factors of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) stress @entity1 during @entity2 surgery. SETTING: Ivey Eye Institute, London, Ontario, Canada. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized cohort study. METHODS: @entity0 scheduled for routine @entity2 surgery were randomized into 2 study groups. The 2 groups only differed in the use of Monarch @entity4 delivery cartridges for insertion of an Acrysof IQ SN60WF @entity4 . The cartridge C group used Monarch cartridge C, and the cartridge D group used Monarch cartridge D. @entity0 were examined for @entity3 . RESULTS: A total of 386 study eyes were enrolled. The overall incidence of @entity3 was 6.22%. The incidence of @entity3 with cartridge C and cartridge D groups were 3.16% and 9.18%, respectively (P = .01). The @entity3 rate for @entity4 power less than 18.0 D was 3.45%, @entity4 power between 18.0 D to 23.5 D was 6.49%, and @entity4 power over 23.5 D was 10.81%. A total of 24 @entity3 were observed. Among @entity3 , 45.8% were equal to or less than 1.0 mm in length. Two thirds of stress @entity1 were located over the central 4 mm of the @entity4 optic. No subjective adverse visual outcomes were reported from any of the observed @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Intraocular lens stress @entity1 is recognizable risk during @entity2 surgery. Risk factors for @entity3 include @entity4 cartridges and IOLs of higher refractive powers. There was a low risk for @entity3 resulting in adverse subjective visual outcomes.

title: Prospective evaluation of intraoperative XXXX stress @entity1 during @entity2 surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and risk factors of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) stress @entity1 during @entity2 surgery. SETTING: Ivey Eye Institute, London, Ontario, Canada. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized cohort study. METHODS: @entity0 scheduled for routine @entity2 surgery were randomized into 2 study groups. The 2 groups only differed in the use of Monarch @entity4 delivery cartridges for insertion of an Acrysof IQ SN60WF @entity4 . The cartridge C group used Monarch cartridge C, and the cartridge D group used Monarch cartridge D. @entity0 were examined for @entity3 . RESULTS: A total of 386 study eyes were enrolled. The overall incidence of @entity3 was 6.22%. The incidence of @entity3 with cartridge C and cartridge D groups were 3.16% and 9.18%, respectively (P = .01). The @entity3 rate for @entity4 power less than 18.0 D was 3.45%, @entity4 power between 18.0 D to 23.5 D was 6.49%, and @entity4 power over 23.5 D was 10.81%. A total of 24 @entity3 were observed. Among @entity3 , 45.8% were equal to or less than 1.0 mm in length. Two thirds of stress @entity1 were located over the central 4 mm of the @entity4 optic. No subjective adverse visual outcomes were reported from any of the observed @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Intraocular lens stress @entity1 is recognizable risk during @entity2 surgery. Risk factors for @entity3 include @entity4 cartridges and IOLs of higher refractive powers. There was a low risk for @entity3 resulting in adverse subjective visual outcomes.

title: Prospective evaluation of intraoperative @entity4 stress XXXX during @entity2 surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and risk factors of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) stress @entity1 during @entity2 surgery. SETTING: Ivey Eye Institute, London, Ontario, Canada. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized cohort study. METHODS: @entity0 scheduled for routine @entity2 surgery were randomized into 2 study groups. The 2 groups only differed in the use of Monarch @entity4 delivery cartridges for insertion of an Acrysof IQ SN60WF @entity4 . The cartridge C group used Monarch cartridge C, and the cartridge D group used Monarch cartridge D. @entity0 were examined for @entity3 . RESULTS: A total of 386 study eyes were enrolled. The overall incidence of @entity3 was 6.22%. The incidence of @entity3 with cartridge C and cartridge D groups were 3.16% and 9.18%, respectively (P = .01). The @entity3 rate for @entity4 power less than 18.0 D was 3.45%, @entity4 power between 18.0 D to 23.5 D was 6.49%, and @entity4 power over 23.5 D was 10.81%. A total of 24 @entity3 were observed. Among @entity3 , 45.8% were equal to or less than 1.0 mm in length. Two thirds of stress @entity1 were located over the central 4 mm of the @entity4 optic. No subjective adverse visual outcomes were reported from any of the observed @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Intraocular lens stress @entity1 is recognizable risk during @entity2 surgery. Risk factors for @entity3 include @entity4 cartridges and IOLs of higher refractive powers. There was a low risk for @entity3 resulting in adverse subjective visual outcomes.

title: Prospective evaluation of intraoperative @entity4 stress @entity1 during XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Single-stage posterior corpectomy for the management of @entity1 has been well described. Anterior column reconstruction has been accomplished using polymethylmethacrylate ( @entity6 ) or expandable cages (EC). The aim of this retrospective study was to compare @entity6 versus ECs in anterior vertebral column reconstruction after posterior corpectomy for @entity1 in the lumbar and thoracolumbar spine. Between 2006 and 2009 we identified 32 @entity0 that underwent a single-stage posterior extracavitary @entity1 resection and anterior reconstruction, 16 with @entity6 and 16 with EC. There were no baseline differences in regards to age (mean: 58.2  years) or performance status. Differences between groups in terms of survival, estimated @entity4 (EBL), @entity5 reduction (decrease in Cobb's angle), @entity3 , functional outcomes, and performance status were evaluated. Mean overall survival and EBL were 17  months and 1165  ml, respectively. No differences were noted between the study groups in regards to survival (p  =  0.5) or EBL (p  =  0.8). There was a trend for better @entity5 reduction in favor of the EC group (10.04 vs. 5.45, p  =  0.16). No difference in performance status or VAS improvements was observed (p  >  0.05). Seven @entity0 had complications that led to reoperation (5 infections). @entity6 or ECs are viable options for reconstruction of the anterior vertebral column following @entity1 resection and corpectomy. Both approaches allow for correction of the @entity2 , and stabilization of the anterior vertebral column with similar functional and performance status outcomes in the lumbar and thoracolumbar area.

title: Comparison of polymethylmethacrylate versus expandable cage in anterior vertebral column reconstruction after posterior extracavitary corpectomy in lumbar and thoraco-lumbar metastatic spine XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Intrabronchial laser has become the reference method for palliative destruction of @entity1 . Cryotherapy, which destroys @entity1 by cold-induced lesion at -89.5 degrees C, has recently been introduced. Over a 3-month period, 8 @entity0 with malignant or benign proliferative stenosis of the main bronchi and @entity2 were treated by laser through a flexible Bronchoscope, under general anaesthesia. During the same period, 8 @entity0 were treated by cryotherapy through a non-rigid probe passed into a bronchoscope, under general anaesthesia; 5 of these @entity0 had malignant intrabronchial lesions and 3 had benign or low-malignancy lesions (hamartochondroma, @entity4 ). Destruction by laser was relatively or absolutely contra-indicated in these 8 @entity0 on account of @entity3 , prolonged infiltrating stenosis or previous failure of laser. Satisfactory bronchial recanalization was obtained by laser in 3 out of 8 @entity0 , but this technique partially failed in 5 @entity0 with prolonged or partially infiltrating stenosis; 2 of these 5 @entity0 were successfully treated by cryotherapy. Among the 8 @entity0 treated by cryotherapy, 6 were significantly improved, with total bronchial recanalization and destruction of the tumoral nodules. In 1 case tumoral destruction was too incomplete for re-ventilation, and in the last @entity0 the multiplicity of lesions made objective assessment of the results impossible. No major side-effect ascribable to cryotherapy was observed. Cryotherapy performed through a non-rigid probe therefore seems to be as safe and effective method of bronchial recanalization. It is relatively inexpensive, mobile and painless, but its effects are delayed by 8 to 10 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Intratracheal destruction of XXXX lesions: laser or cryotherapy? A preliminary analysis].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Two consensus conferences taking place in the United States and Spain were organized to optimize diagnosis and treatment of Candida spp. infections. Among other results, clinical scenarios in which early prescription of antifungal agents is indicated were identified. OBJECTIVE: To determine the criteria followed by physicians for prescribing antifungal agents in @entity8 @entity0 in our country and to investigate adherence to the guidelines proposed by the consensus conferences. METHODS: A questionnaire was designed and directed to 4th- and 5th-year residents in intensive care medicine and to specialists in intensive care with training in @entity1 or other medical areas. Four case reports for which expert consensus indicates early antifungal treatment were included in the questionnaire; 1) recurrent @entity4 secondary to perforation of the digestive tract, with mixed flora including fungi; 2) persistent @entity2 in a @entity0 with @entity5 treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics; 3) candiduria and @entity9 in a febrile @entity0 ; and 4) @entity10 . RESULTS: A total of 135 questionnaires from 45 different ICUs were returned (60% response rate). In the @entity10 and @entity11 examples, early treatment with antifungal agents was indicated in 100% and 85.9% of responses, respectively, whereas for @entity3 with @entity13 and candiduria associated with @entity9 and @entity2 , early treatment was prescribed in only 41.5% and 55.6% of responses, respectively. There were no significant differences in response with regard to degree of training of the physicians surveyed. @entity7 prescription predominated, mainly at doses of 400 mg/day, in mixed @entity4 , @entity12 , whereas @entity6 lipid formulations were preferentially indicated in cases of @entity10 . Antifungal treatment (early or late) was prescribed in all responses for @entity10 , in 95.5% for mixed @entity4 (fungi and bacteria), in 79.5% for @entity13 in @entity0 with persistent @entity3 , and in 77.9% for candiduria with @entity2 and @entity9 . CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to recommendations from the consensus conferences was high among intensive medicine specialists, with no differences according to level of training in @entity1 .

title: [Treatment approach for fungal infections in XXXX @entity0 admitted to intensive care units: results of a multicenter survey].

answer: @entity8


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Two consensus conferences taking place in the United States and Spain were organized to optimize diagnosis and treatment of Candida spp. infections. Among other results, clinical scenarios in which early prescription of antifungal agents is indicated were identified. OBJECTIVE: To determine the criteria followed by physicians for prescribing antifungal agents in @entity8 @entity0 in our country and to investigate adherence to the guidelines proposed by the consensus conferences. METHODS: A questionnaire was designed and directed to 4th- and 5th-year residents in intensive care medicine and to specialists in intensive care with training in @entity1 or other medical areas. Four case reports for which expert consensus indicates early antifungal treatment were included in the questionnaire; 1) recurrent @entity4 secondary to perforation of the digestive tract, with mixed flora including fungi; 2) persistent @entity2 in a @entity0 with @entity5 treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics; 3) candiduria and @entity9 in a febrile @entity0 ; and 4) @entity10 . RESULTS: A total of 135 questionnaires from 45 different ICUs were returned (60% response rate). In the @entity10 and @entity11 examples, early treatment with antifungal agents was indicated in 100% and 85.9% of responses, respectively, whereas for @entity3 with @entity13 and candiduria associated with @entity9 and @entity2 , early treatment was prescribed in only 41.5% and 55.6% of responses, respectively. There were no significant differences in response with regard to degree of training of the physicians surveyed. @entity7 prescription predominated, mainly at doses of 400 mg/day, in mixed @entity4 , @entity12 , whereas @entity6 lipid formulations were preferentially indicated in cases of @entity10 . Antifungal treatment (early or late) was prescribed in all responses for @entity10 , in 95.5% for mixed @entity4 (fungi and bacteria), in 79.5% for @entity13 in @entity0 with persistent @entity3 , and in 77.9% for candiduria with @entity2 and @entity9 . CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to recommendations from the consensus conferences was high among intensive medicine specialists, with no differences according to level of training in @entity1 .

title: [Treatment approach for fungal infections in @entity8 XXXX admitted to intensive care units: results of a multicenter survey].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect and mechanism of Chinese medicine therapy for activating blood and dredging collaterals (ABDC) on treating @entity3 complicated with @entity4 (SLE-ANFH). METHODS: Thirty-four @entity0 (51 joints) with SLE-ANFH were assigned by a random number table to two groups: 22 @entity0 (32 joints) in the treatment group and 12 @entity0 (19 joints) in the control group. All received Western medical conventional treatment for anti- @entity1 and immunosuppression, but an additional Chinese medicine decoction prescribed based on ABDC principle was administered to @entity0 in the treatment group. The observation on the @entity0 ' condition and therapeutic effect lasted for 3 years. RESULTS: The @entity0 ' conditions in the two groups, as assessed by Association for Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) staging, were similar before treatment. After treatment, comparison between groups showed significant difference (P<0.05), and the raised Harris functional scores in the treatment group were higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The post-treatment symptom improving rate in the treated group was 72.73%, which was higher than that in the control group (50.00%, P<0.05). Moreover, the former was superior in improving hematologic and hemorrheologic parameters in terms of prolonging activated partial thromboplastin time, lowering whole blood middle/low shear viscosity, and plasma viscosity (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Two @entity0 in the control group but none in the treatment group received hip joint replacement operation during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese medicine ABDC therapy could effectively alleviate clinical symptoms and improve joint function of @entity0 with SLE-ANFH. The mechanism may be related to its effects on improving high coagulation manner and trend for getting @entity2 .

title: @entity3 complicated with femoral XXXX treated by Chinese medicine therapy for activating blood and dredging collaterals method.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect and mechanism of Chinese medicine therapy for activating blood and dredging collaterals (ABDC) on treating @entity3 complicated with @entity4 (SLE-ANFH). METHODS: Thirty-four @entity0 (51 joints) with SLE-ANFH were assigned by a random number table to two groups: 22 @entity0 (32 joints) in the treatment group and 12 @entity0 (19 joints) in the control group. All received Western medical conventional treatment for anti- @entity1 and immunosuppression, but an additional Chinese medicine decoction prescribed based on ABDC principle was administered to @entity0 in the treatment group. The observation on the @entity0 ' condition and therapeutic effect lasted for 3 years. RESULTS: The @entity0 ' conditions in the two groups, as assessed by Association for Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) staging, were similar before treatment. After treatment, comparison between groups showed significant difference (P<0.05), and the raised Harris functional scores in the treatment group were higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The post-treatment symptom improving rate in the treated group was 72.73%, which was higher than that in the control group (50.00%, P<0.05). Moreover, the former was superior in improving hematologic and hemorrheologic parameters in terms of prolonging activated partial thromboplastin time, lowering whole blood middle/low shear viscosity, and plasma viscosity (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Two @entity0 in the control group but none in the treatment group received hip joint replacement operation during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese medicine ABDC therapy could effectively alleviate clinical symptoms and improve joint function of @entity0 with SLE-ANFH. The mechanism may be related to its effects on improving high coagulation manner and trend for getting @entity2 .

title: XXXX complicated with femoral @entity4 treated by Chinese medicine therapy for activating blood and dredging collaterals method.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the expression and localization of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the retinas of normal and experimentally induced primate @entity1 . These proteins are known to be produced in response to a variety of stresses. METHODS: Experimental @entity1 was induced in the right eyes of three adult monkeys by repeated applications of argon laser to the chamber angle. Immunostaining with a panel of antibodies against @entity7 , 70, 60, 47, and 27 was performed on retinal sections prepared from the normal and @entity2 . RESULTS: The intensity of immunostaining for @entity7 , 60, and 27 was greatly enhanced in the retinas of @entity2 . Prominent reactivity was observed in the inner retinal layers, especially in the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers. The staining intensity for @entity4 was also moderately increased, while immunoreactivity against @entity8 remained almost unchanged in @entity5 . Immunostaining against glial fibrillary acidic protein was increased and the immunolabeling pattern appeared to be identical with that of @entity7 in @entity1 retinas. CONCLUSIONS: The level of @entity7 , 70, 60, and 27 in primate retinas was increased in experimentally induced @entity6 . The differences in expression pattern suggest that each HSP may have its unique role in responding to @entity0 related to intraocular pressure elevation.

title: Immunolocalization of @entity3 in the @entity2 with laser-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the expression and localization of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the retinas of normal and experimentally induced primate @entity1 . These proteins are known to be produced in response to a variety of stresses. METHODS: Experimental @entity1 was induced in the right eyes of three adult monkeys by repeated applications of argon laser to the chamber angle. Immunostaining with a panel of antibodies against @entity7 , 70, 60, 47, and 27 was performed on retinal sections prepared from the normal and @entity2 . RESULTS: The intensity of immunostaining for @entity7 , 60, and 27 was greatly enhanced in the retinas of @entity2 . Prominent reactivity was observed in the inner retinal layers, especially in the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers. The staining intensity for @entity4 was also moderately increased, while immunoreactivity against @entity8 remained almost unchanged in @entity5 . Immunostaining against glial fibrillary acidic protein was increased and the immunolabeling pattern appeared to be identical with that of @entity7 in @entity1 retinas. CONCLUSIONS: The level of @entity7 , 70, 60, and 27 in primate retinas was increased in experimentally induced @entity6 . The differences in expression pattern suggest that each HSP may have its unique role in responding to @entity0 related to intraocular pressure elevation.

title: Immunolocalization of XXXX in the @entity2 with laser-induced @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the expression and localization of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the retinas of normal and experimentally induced primate @entity1 . These proteins are known to be produced in response to a variety of stresses. METHODS: Experimental @entity1 was induced in the right eyes of three adult monkeys by repeated applications of argon laser to the chamber angle. Immunostaining with a panel of antibodies against @entity7 , 70, 60, 47, and 27 was performed on retinal sections prepared from the normal and @entity2 . RESULTS: The intensity of immunostaining for @entity7 , 60, and 27 was greatly enhanced in the retinas of @entity2 . Prominent reactivity was observed in the inner retinal layers, especially in the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers. The staining intensity for @entity4 was also moderately increased, while immunoreactivity against @entity8 remained almost unchanged in @entity5 . Immunostaining against glial fibrillary acidic protein was increased and the immunolabeling pattern appeared to be identical with that of @entity7 in @entity1 retinas. CONCLUSIONS: The level of @entity7 , 70, 60, and 27 in primate retinas was increased in experimentally induced @entity6 . The differences in expression pattern suggest that each HSP may have its unique role in responding to @entity0 related to intraocular pressure elevation.

title: Immunolocalization of @entity3 in the XXXX with laser-induced @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This is a report on 16 @entity0 with @entity3 of grades II to IV and on 35 @entity0 with @entity2 , grades III and IV. The following surgical treatment was carried out: in @entity0 with @entity3 , simple closure of the urethra in one case, neck of the bladder plasty according to Young-Dees in two cases, the method after Thiersch-Duplay in three cases, whereas four @entity0 were treated after Williams, five after Johnston and one @entity0 after Ombr  danne in reverse. Seven additional operations were done mainly for prepuce correction and closure of fistula after urethroplasty. Three of the 16 @entity0 were continent already before the operation. 4 @entity0 were partially continent. Two of these showed improved continence, thus achieving prolonged periods of dryness. 9 @entity0 remained incontinent. Hence, free muscle transplantation to the bladder was performed in four @entity0 . A total of 45 operations were performed on @entity0 with @entity2 . Of these, 12 concerned primary closure of bladder; in 13 cases, an ileum bladder was constructed, whereas cystosigmoideostomy was done in 5 times, uretersigmoideostomy 5 times, cutaneous ureterostomy once, rectum bladder once, and a colon conduit once. The postoperative continence performance of the 12 @entity0 with primary bladder closure was unsatisfactory. Three @entity0 only attained periods of dryness up to two hours; 5 remained completely incontinent, whereas in 4 it was subsequently necessary to construct a urinary passage into the intestine by means of an ileum bladder in 2 cases, a colon conduit in one case, and ureterosigmoideostomy in one case. Free muscle transplantation to the bladder was performed in two @entity0 . Free muscle transplants were also performed on 2 @entity0 , in one case after traumatic tearoff of the urethra and in one case after iatrogenic lesion of the musculus sphincter vesicae externus in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) according to Prader III and IV. This means that a total of eight free muscle transplants were performed. All @entity0 were primarily incontinent. Postoperatively, complete continence could be achieved in four cases, once an improvement with dry periods up to 2 hours. The two @entity0 with @entity2 remain incontinent, in one @entity0 with @entity3 the postoperative interval has been too short so far to arrive at a final judgement. It follows from the examinations that free muscle transplantation is a good method for treating @entity1 , the suspension effect playing an important part. However, in @entity0 with @entity2 the indication should be considered with caution.

title: [ @entity1 in XXXX and @entity2 with special reference to free autologous muscle transplantation].

answer: @entity3


abstract: This is a report on 16 @entity0 with @entity3 of grades II to IV and on 35 @entity0 with @entity2 , grades III and IV. The following surgical treatment was carried out: in @entity0 with @entity3 , simple closure of the urethra in one case, neck of the bladder plasty according to Young-Dees in two cases, the method after Thiersch-Duplay in three cases, whereas four @entity0 were treated after Williams, five after Johnston and one @entity0 after Ombr  danne in reverse. Seven additional operations were done mainly for prepuce correction and closure of fistula after urethroplasty. Three of the 16 @entity0 were continent already before the operation. 4 @entity0 were partially continent. Two of these showed improved continence, thus achieving prolonged periods of dryness. 9 @entity0 remained incontinent. Hence, free muscle transplantation to the bladder was performed in four @entity0 . A total of 45 operations were performed on @entity0 with @entity2 . Of these, 12 concerned primary closure of bladder; in 13 cases, an ileum bladder was constructed, whereas cystosigmoideostomy was done in 5 times, uretersigmoideostomy 5 times, cutaneous ureterostomy once, rectum bladder once, and a colon conduit once. The postoperative continence performance of the 12 @entity0 with primary bladder closure was unsatisfactory. Three @entity0 only attained periods of dryness up to two hours; 5 remained completely incontinent, whereas in 4 it was subsequently necessary to construct a urinary passage into the intestine by means of an ileum bladder in 2 cases, a colon conduit in one case, and ureterosigmoideostomy in one case. Free muscle transplantation to the bladder was performed in two @entity0 . Free muscle transplants were also performed on 2 @entity0 , in one case after traumatic tearoff of the urethra and in one case after iatrogenic lesion of the musculus sphincter vesicae externus in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) according to Prader III and IV. This means that a total of eight free muscle transplants were performed. All @entity0 were primarily incontinent. Postoperatively, complete continence could be achieved in four cases, once an improvement with dry periods up to 2 hours. The two @entity0 with @entity2 remain incontinent, in one @entity0 with @entity3 the postoperative interval has been too short so far to arrive at a final judgement. It follows from the examinations that free muscle transplantation is a good method for treating @entity1 , the suspension effect playing an important part. However, in @entity0 with @entity2 the indication should be considered with caution.

title: [ XXXX in @entity3 and @entity2 with special reference to free autologous muscle transplantation].

answer: @entity1


abstract: This is a report on 16 @entity0 with @entity3 of grades II to IV and on 35 @entity0 with @entity2 , grades III and IV. The following surgical treatment was carried out: in @entity0 with @entity3 , simple closure of the urethra in one case, neck of the bladder plasty according to Young-Dees in two cases, the method after Thiersch-Duplay in three cases, whereas four @entity0 were treated after Williams, five after Johnston and one @entity0 after Ombr  danne in reverse. Seven additional operations were done mainly for prepuce correction and closure of fistula after urethroplasty. Three of the 16 @entity0 were continent already before the operation. 4 @entity0 were partially continent. Two of these showed improved continence, thus achieving prolonged periods of dryness. 9 @entity0 remained incontinent. Hence, free muscle transplantation to the bladder was performed in four @entity0 . A total of 45 operations were performed on @entity0 with @entity2 . Of these, 12 concerned primary closure of bladder; in 13 cases, an ileum bladder was constructed, whereas cystosigmoideostomy was done in 5 times, uretersigmoideostomy 5 times, cutaneous ureterostomy once, rectum bladder once, and a colon conduit once. The postoperative continence performance of the 12 @entity0 with primary bladder closure was unsatisfactory. Three @entity0 only attained periods of dryness up to two hours; 5 remained completely incontinent, whereas in 4 it was subsequently necessary to construct a urinary passage into the intestine by means of an ileum bladder in 2 cases, a colon conduit in one case, and ureterosigmoideostomy in one case. Free muscle transplantation to the bladder was performed in two @entity0 . Free muscle transplants were also performed on 2 @entity0 , in one case after traumatic tearoff of the urethra and in one case after iatrogenic lesion of the musculus sphincter vesicae externus in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) according to Prader III and IV. This means that a total of eight free muscle transplants were performed. All @entity0 were primarily incontinent. Postoperatively, complete continence could be achieved in four cases, once an improvement with dry periods up to 2 hours. The two @entity0 with @entity2 remain incontinent, in one @entity0 with @entity3 the postoperative interval has been too short so far to arrive at a final judgement. It follows from the examinations that free muscle transplantation is a good method for treating @entity1 , the suspension effect playing an important part. However, in @entity0 with @entity2 the indication should be considered with caution.

title: [ @entity1 in @entity3 and XXXX with special reference to free autologous muscle transplantation].

answer: @entity2


abstract: We reported echocardiographic findings and outcomes of fetuses with @entity3 diagnosed during fetal life. Cases were identified from a prospectively acquired computerized database of 18,308 pregnancies referred to a fetal cardiology center between January 1988 and July 2000. Twenty fetuses were identified with a median gestation of 23 weeks (range 18 to 36) at presentation. In 18 cases (90%), there was an associated @entity4 . Eighteen cases (90%) had branch pulmonary artery diameters above the normal range. In four cases (20%), an arterial duct was present. A chromosome 22q11 deletion was identified in 2 of 9 cases (22%) in which this deletion was sought. There were 6 terminations of pregnancy (30%), 3 intrauterine @entity1 (15%), 5 neonatal @entity1 (25%), 3 @entity0 @entity1 (15%), and 3 @entity0 who did not die (15%). Ten of the 11 "liveborn" @entity0 required early ventilation. The outcome of @entity3 diagnosed prenatally appears poor. The high morbidity and mortality is due to both @entity2 and associated @entity5 .

title: Prenatal diagnosis by echocardiogram and outcome of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Iris metastases of @entity1 are not common, and most of the cases are unilateral. To our knowledge, there has been no report of bilateral @entity6 metastasized from @entity2 . CASE: A 71-year-old @entity0 with a history of @entity2 presented with bilateral @entity6 and @entity3 . He had had multiple bone metastases, and had undergone chemotherapy. OBSERVATIONS: @entity1 spread in the @entity4 . @entity5 and @entity3 were present. After external beam radiotherapy, the @entity6 regressed remarkably in volume. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a rare case of bilateral @entity6 , which had probably metastasized from @entity2 . The @entity1 were well controlled with conservative therapies including radiation. We believe this article is the first report of bilateral @entity6 metastasized from @entity2 .

title: Bilateral iris metastases from XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the clinical features and surgical outcomes of @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Retrospective review of records of @entity1 @entity0 who had retinal reattachment surgery at the authors' institutions between February 1994 and February 2000. There were 8 @entity0 with 13 surgically treated eyes. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from the @entity0 ' medical records. RESULTS: The retina of 12/13 (92%) eyes remained reattached after a follow-up ranging from 9 to 78 months. In 6 eyes of the 4 @entity0 whose visual acuity (VA) could be determined, VA improved in 5 eyes of 3 @entity0 . In the remaining 4 @entity0 whose VA could not be determined, improved behavioral patterns suggesting a successful surgical outcome were observed in 3 @entity0 with bilateral @entity2 , although in one of these @entity0 only unilateral retinal reattachment was achieved. The findings in the eyes in this study agree with the findings in reports on @entity0 with traumatic @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The retinal reattachment rate is fair in the @entity1 compared with the rate in other segments of the population. Ophthalmological examinations should be provided regularly for @entity1 @entity0 to keep open the possibility for early sight-improving surgery.

title: @entity2 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the clinical features and surgical outcomes of @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Retrospective review of records of @entity1 @entity0 who had retinal reattachment surgery at the authors' institutions between February 1994 and February 2000. There were 8 @entity0 with 13 surgically treated eyes. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from the @entity0 ' medical records. RESULTS: The retina of 12/13 (92%) eyes remained reattached after a follow-up ranging from 9 to 78 months. In 6 eyes of the 4 @entity0 whose visual acuity (VA) could be determined, VA improved in 5 eyes of 3 @entity0 . In the remaining 4 @entity0 whose VA could not be determined, improved behavioral patterns suggesting a successful surgical outcome were observed in 3 @entity0 with bilateral @entity2 , although in one of these @entity0 only unilateral retinal reattachment was achieved. The findings in the eyes in this study agree with the findings in reports on @entity0 with traumatic @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The retinal reattachment rate is fair in the @entity1 compared with the rate in other segments of the population. Ophthalmological examinations should be provided regularly for @entity1 @entity0 to keep open the possibility for early sight-improving surgery.

title: XXXX in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Information related to reliable values of discomfort thresholds can help to improve the designs of various products. This study aimed to investigate the measurement reliabilities associated with pressure thresholds, while determining the effects of stimulus characteristics (stimulus area, indentation speed) of the @entity0 foot. An indentation apparatus was used with four sizes of indentation probes and three indentation speeds. In total, 13 locations on the right foot of 10 male and 10 female @entity0 were tested to determine the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and pressure @entity2 thresholds ( @entity4 ). Results show that the tests had very good measurement reliability with intra-class correlations (ICC) greater than 0.8 for the @entity4 measurements and acceptable reliability (most ICC  >  0.75, with a few between 0.5 and 0.75) for the @entity3 measurements, demonstrating that @entity0 are capable of judging their @entity2 and discomfort thresholds. Pressure sensitivity differs across locations of the foot, with the medial plantar arch of the foot being the most sensitive, followed by the dorsal surface of the foot. The heel area was the least sensitive. @entity4 and @entity3 are dependent on the stimulus characteristics of the area and the speed of indentation. A smaller area has a higher @entity4 and @entity3 , indicating significant effects of spatial summation. The increase of @entity3 and @entity4 at higher speeds may be partially explained by the increase in stiffness because foot tissue exhibits viscoelastic properties. The findings can have a significant impact on the design of footwear and other accessories for improved foot health and comfort. Statement of Relevance: This study investigated the threshold measurement reliability while determining the pressure sensitivity on the surface of the foot with varying stimulus characteristics. The findings may be very useful in the design of footwear and other accessories for improved comfort and reduced @entity1 .

title: Pressure thresholds of the XXXX foot: measurement reliability and effects of stimulus characteristics.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Although attention functions are often impaired after @entity2 , @entity3 or inflammatory diseases, little is known about the time course and the long-term efficacy of training-induced improvement. The present single case study evaluates the time course and longitudinal stability of attention improvement after alertness training by repeatedly testing the subject between individual training sessions as well as one and seven months after the end of the training. The outpatient (M.P.) trained developed severe @entity1 following @entity4 in 2003 without signs of @entity0 , and since then had not achieved full recovery. In 2008, M.P. participated in 15 treatment sessions on 15 separate working days over a period of three weeks. In each session a 45-minute alertness training task was administered, using the CogniPlus ALERT computer training program. Attention performance was assessed by neuropsychological tests four years, one year, and immediately before the therapy after every third training session and three times after the termination of therapy. Furthermore, a self-report questionnaire measured subjective experience of attention in everyday life situations. In order to compare the performance between training sessions, a procedure specialised for psychometric single-case diagnosis was used to analyse the data. Surprisingly, even after three consecutive training sessions, M.P. showed immense improvement in alertness. Furthermore, after two weeks she felt more energetic and more able to concentrate. Six months after the end of the training the improvement remained stable. The unexpectedly fast time course of recovery induced by the training, as well as the stable long-term effects, probably depend on intact cortical structures. In M.P. it appeared that top-down control of the alertness network on impaired brainstem arousal structures had been re-activated by the training procedure and had remained stable across a long time period.

title: Efficacy of alertness training in a case of XXXX : clinical and theoretical implications.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The MMPI-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Ben-Porath _ Tellegen, 2008) is replacing the MMPI-2 as the most widely used personality test in neuropsychological assessment, but additional validation studies are needed. Our study examines MMPI-2-RF Validity scales and the newly created Somatic/Cognitive scales in a recently reported sample of 82 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) litigants who either passed or failed effort tests (Thomas _ Youngjohn, 2009). The restructured Validity scales FBS-r (restructured symptom validity), F-r (restructured infrequent responses), and the newly created Fs (infrequent somatic responses) were not significant predictors of @entity3 severity. FBS-r was significantly related to passing or failing effort tests, and Fs and F-r showed non-significant trends in the same direction. Elevations on the Somatic/Cognitive scales profile ( @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity0 complaints, @entity1 , and @entity2 ) were significant predictors of effort test failure. Additionally, @entity6 had the anticipated paradoxical inverse relationship with @entity5 severity. The Somatic/Cognitive scales as a group were better predictors of effort test failure than the RF Validity scales, which was an unexpected finding. @entity7 arose as the single best predictor of effort test failure of all RF Validity and Somatic/Cognitive scales. Item overlap analysis revealed that all @entity7 items are included in the original MMPI-2 Hy scale, making @entity7 essentially a subscale of Hy. This study validates the MMPI-2-RF as an effective tool for use in neuropsychological assessment of @entity3 litigants.

title: Independent validation of the MMPI-2-RF Somatic/Cognitive and Validity scales in XXXX Litigants tested for effort.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Environmental microbial assays of industrial @entity4 were conducted following reports of multiple intershift @entity5 . Pathogenic @entity2 was identified among the microorganisms cultured. This paper suggests that direct contact with industrial @entity4 provides a potentially significant route of transmission of both @entity8 . An industrial hygiene ocular health questionnaire was distributed to a first and second shift manufacturing operation to assess the incidence of @entity5 . These data were compared to the questionnaire responses of 122 control manufacturing workers who did not use microscopes. Based on self-reporting by employees, those who used microscopes were found to have statistically significant incidence of sites and @entity3 that was 8.3 times that of the control group. Sterilization of eyepieces by @entity7 , @entity1 and @entity6 were considered, but ultimately rejected. These biocides were found respectively to @entity0 , contribute to volatile organic emissions, or be ineffective against spore-forming bacteria. This article presents a detailed evaluation of a commercially available ultraviolet sanitization unit (manufactured by the King Bactostat Corp., 7115 Armistad Street, El Paso, TX 79912). This ultraviolet disinfection process proved to be rapid and emission free; it also yielded eyepieces free of residual chemical biocides that have the potential for ocular irritation. Field tests involving 60 eyepieces demonstrated effective disinfection by a Chi-Square statistical comparison, at values greater than 95% confidence level, as compared to unirradiated eyepieces.

title: Microscopes and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: This 20-year follow-up report presents the incidence of definite coronary events and its relation to serum total @entity1 (TC) and alpha-lipoprotein @entity1 percentage (percentage of serum TC bound with alpha-lipoprotein), now usually called high-density lipoprotein @entity1 percentage (HDL-C%). The cohort consists of 1,454 @entity0 and 1,481 @entity0 , presumably healthy, aged 35 to 64 years at the time of entrance examination in 1964. During the follow-up period 123 @entity0 and 44 @entity0 died from @entity2 . Ninety-six @entity0 and 42 @entity0 had nonfatal @entity3 . The incidence of definite coronary events increased from 6% in @entity0 with TC levels of less than 200 mg/dl to 25% in @entity0 with levels of more than 264 mg/dl. The corresponding figures in @entity0 were 3% and 10%. The incidence of definite coronary events was inversely correlated to HDL-C%. The incidence of definite coronary events in 225 @entity0 with HDL-C% of less than 14% was 28%, and in 669 @entity0 with HDL-C% of 21% or more, 7%. The corresponding figures in 234 @entity0 with HDL-C% of less than 17% was 14%, and in 853 @entity0 with HDL-C% of 23% or more, 2%. Two HDL-C% subsets were assessed: "low" and "high" subsets refer to HDL-C% of less than 21% and 21% or more, respectively, in @entity0 and less than 23% and 23% or more in @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relation of serum total XXXX and high-density lipoprotein @entity1 percentage to the incidence of definite coronary events: twenty-year follow-up of the Donolo-Tel Aviv Prospective Coronary Artery Disease Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This 20-year follow-up report presents the incidence of definite coronary events and its relation to serum total @entity1 (TC) and alpha-lipoprotein @entity1 percentage (percentage of serum TC bound with alpha-lipoprotein), now usually called high-density lipoprotein @entity1 percentage (HDL-C%). The cohort consists of 1,454 @entity0 and 1,481 @entity0 , presumably healthy, aged 35 to 64 years at the time of entrance examination in 1964. During the follow-up period 123 @entity0 and 44 @entity0 died from @entity2 . Ninety-six @entity0 and 42 @entity0 had nonfatal @entity3 . The incidence of definite coronary events increased from 6% in @entity0 with TC levels of less than 200 mg/dl to 25% in @entity0 with levels of more than 264 mg/dl. The corresponding figures in @entity0 were 3% and 10%. The incidence of definite coronary events was inversely correlated to HDL-C%. The incidence of definite coronary events in 225 @entity0 with HDL-C% of less than 14% was 28%, and in 669 @entity0 with HDL-C% of 21% or more, 7%. The corresponding figures in 234 @entity0 with HDL-C% of less than 17% was 14%, and in 853 @entity0 with HDL-C% of 23% or more, 2%. Two HDL-C% subsets were assessed: "low" and "high" subsets refer to HDL-C% of less than 21% and 21% or more, respectively, in @entity0 and less than 23% and 23% or more in @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relation of serum total @entity1 and high-density lipoprotein XXXX percentage to the incidence of definite coronary events: twenty-year follow-up of the Donolo-Tel Aviv Prospective Coronary Artery Disease Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Of 244 @entity0 with @entity1 , 126 (52%) had an abnormal mediastinum. Sixty-four @entity0 were treated with radiation, 36 with radiation and chemotherapy, and 25 with chemotherapy alone as an initial treatment. Twenty of 52 (38%) with stage I or II who received initially radiation alone relapsed, and 70% (14 of 20) of them were salvaged with chemotherapy. Therefore, the ultimate failure rate was 12% (6 of 52). Forty percent (8 of 20) of these @entity0 failed within or at the margin of the radiation portal, and 60% failed predominantly outside of the radiation field. Even though we did not treat the whole lung prophylactically, there was only one true peripheral lung recurrence. Nine of 20 (45%) recurred in more than one site. Of 36 @entity0 treated with combined radiation and chemotherapy, 21 @entity0 had stage I, II, or IIIA disease. Of these, two @entity0 relapsed. Of 86 @entity0 with accessible x-ray films, 30 @entity0 had large masses with a ratio of mass to transverse diameter greater than .33 at the broadest level. Fifty-six @entity0 had small masses. Survival at 96 months in @entity0 with stages I-IIIA with either large or small masses is 94% (p = 0.80). Their relapse-free survival at 96 months is 79% for large masses and 95% for small masses (p = 0.18). The site of relapse is discussed in detail in the text. There were five treatment-related deaths; three @entity0 died of @entity2 . Our data do not support the role of whole-lung prophylactic irradiation or initial combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy in @entity0 with large mediastinal masses.

title: Observations on the treatment of mediastinal masses in XXXX emphasizing site of failure.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traumatic @entity2 is a @entity1 in which early prediction of ambulation is important to counsel @entity0 and to plan rehabilitation. We developed a reliable, validated prediction rule to assess a @entity0 's chances of walking independently after such injury. METHODS: We undertook a longitudinal cohort study of adult @entity0 with traumatic @entity2 , with early (within the first 15 days after injury) and late (1-year follow-up) clinical examinations, who were admitted to one of 19 European centres between July, 2001, and June, 2008. A clinical prediction rule based on age and neurological variables was derived from the international standards for neurological classification of @entity2 with a multivariate logistic regression model. Primary outcome measure 1 year after injury was independent indoor walking based on the Spinal Cord Independence Measure. Model performances were quantified with respect to discrimination (area under receiver-operating-characteristics curve [AUC]). Temporal validation was done in a second group of @entity0 from July, 2008, to December, 2009. FINDINGS: Of 1442 @entity0 with @entity2 , 492 had available outcome measures. A combination of age (<65 vs >= 65 years), motor scores of the quadriceps femoris (L3), gastrocsoleus (S1) muscles, and light touch sensation of dermatomes L3 and S1 showed excellent discrimination in distinguishing independent walkers from dependent walkers and non-walkers (AUC 0  956, 95% CI 0  936-0  976, p<0  0001). Temporal validation in 99 @entity0 confirmed excellent discriminating ability of the prediction rule (AUC 0  967, 0  939-0  995, p<0  0001). INTERPRETATION: Our prediction rule, including age and four neurological tests, can give an early prognosis of an individual's ability to walk after traumatic @entity2 , which can be used to set rehabilitation goals and might improve the ability to stratify @entity0 in interventional trials. FUNDING: Internationale Stiftung f  r Forschung in Paraplegie.

title: A clinical prediction rule for ambulation outcomes after traumatic XXXX : a longitudinal cohort study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surveillance of trends in @entity1 management can help in service evaluation and quality improvement. @entity0 AND METHODS: We used East Anglia @entity1 registration data from 1995-2006 on 3063 @entity0 with @entity2 . We described treatment patterns and examined their predictors using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Use of chemotherapy (with/without surgery) and of surgery (with/without chemotherapy) remained stable over time (59% and 69% of @entity0 , respectively). Use of surgery was less frequent in most deprived compared with most affluent @entity0 (64% vs. 73% respectively; adjusted per increasing deprivation group quintile OR = 0.88, p = 0.001). Among @entity0 treated by surgery, use of omentectomy and of exenteration increased over time (37% in 1995-8 vs. 56% in 2003-6 for omentectomy, and 2% vs. 8% for exenteration respectively, p < 0.001 for both). More deprived @entity0 were less likely to be treated with omentectomy [42% vs. 53% for most deprived and more affluent @entity0 respectively (adjusted OR = 0.91, p = 0.017)]. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic differences in use of @entity2 surgery require further elucidation. Use of some types of surgery increased over time, potentially reflecting changes in service organisation. The findings provide a 'benchmark' for future treatment pattern surveillance, and regional or international comparisons.

title: Trends in the surgical management of XXXX in East Anglia 1995-2006.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We previously cloned a cDNA for @entity2 dehydrogenase (SDH1) from @entity3 . In the present study we cloned two additional cDNAs encoding SDHs (designated as SDH2a and @entity4 ). The @entity1 sequences of SDH2ab were almost the same and had higher similarity to the SDHs of other organisms than to @entity3 SDH1. The SDH2ab and SDH1genes were located in tandem within about 40 kbp on chromosome 21. SDH2ab mRNAs increased after exposing diapause eggs to 5   C for 40 days, beginning at 2 days post-oviposition, to break diapause. However, they were at very low levels in diapausing eggs incubated at 25   C continuously from oviposition. These changes in expression pattern of SDH2ab mRNA were almost the same as that of SDH1 mRNA. To understand whether SDH1 and SDH2 were responsible for the @entity5 activity seen in diapause eggs exposed to 5   C for more than 60 days, we expressed a His-tagged SDH2a fusion protein in @entity0 and examined its enzymatic parameters. The maximum activity of SDH2a observed at pH 8.4   9.0, and the Km value for @entity2 was 12.6 mM, similar to the kinetic properties of other SDHs. Due to the significantly higher similarity between SDH2a and b, they were thought to have similar kinetic properties. Therefore, we purified @entity5 from @entity3 diapause-terminated eggs exposed to 5   C for 300 days which showed higher @entity5 activity using two-step affinity chromatography. The highly purified @entity5 showed a higher Km value (125 mM) for @entity2 , being similar to the value (136 mM) determined previously from Eadie-Hofstee plots using egg crude extract as an enzyme source; additionally, the plots showed one slope indicating one Km value. Moreover, in silico analysis indicated that no @entity5 genes other than SDH1 and 2ab are present in @entity3 genomic DNA. These results suggest that SDH1 activity may be responsible for the majority of the increased @entity5 activity seen in diapause eggs after acclimation to 5   C rather than SDH2ab. Further, the relative sequence divergence among these genes is consistent with the idea/hypothesis that the original @entity5 gene was first duplicated into SDH1 and SDH2, and then SDH2 was duplicated into the SDH2a and @entity4 genes.

title: Cloning of cDNAs encoding XXXX dehydrogenase-2a and b, enzymatic characterization, and up-regulated expression of the genes in @entity3 diapause eggs exposed to 5   C.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We previously cloned a cDNA for @entity2 dehydrogenase (SDH1) from @entity3 . In the present study we cloned two additional cDNAs encoding SDHs (designated as SDH2a and @entity4 ). The @entity1 sequences of SDH2ab were almost the same and had higher similarity to the SDHs of other organisms than to @entity3 SDH1. The SDH2ab and SDH1genes were located in tandem within about 40 kbp on chromosome 21. SDH2ab mRNAs increased after exposing diapause eggs to 5   C for 40 days, beginning at 2 days post-oviposition, to break diapause. However, they were at very low levels in diapausing eggs incubated at 25   C continuously from oviposition. These changes in expression pattern of SDH2ab mRNA were almost the same as that of SDH1 mRNA. To understand whether SDH1 and SDH2 were responsible for the @entity5 activity seen in diapause eggs exposed to 5   C for more than 60 days, we expressed a His-tagged SDH2a fusion protein in @entity0 and examined its enzymatic parameters. The maximum activity of SDH2a observed at pH 8.4   9.0, and the Km value for @entity2 was 12.6 mM, similar to the kinetic properties of other SDHs. Due to the significantly higher similarity between SDH2a and b, they were thought to have similar kinetic properties. Therefore, we purified @entity5 from @entity3 diapause-terminated eggs exposed to 5   C for 300 days which showed higher @entity5 activity using two-step affinity chromatography. The highly purified @entity5 showed a higher Km value (125 mM) for @entity2 , being similar to the value (136 mM) determined previously from Eadie-Hofstee plots using egg crude extract as an enzyme source; additionally, the plots showed one slope indicating one Km value. Moreover, in silico analysis indicated that no @entity5 genes other than SDH1 and 2ab are present in @entity3 genomic DNA. These results suggest that SDH1 activity may be responsible for the majority of the increased @entity5 activity seen in diapause eggs after acclimation to 5   C rather than SDH2ab. Further, the relative sequence divergence among these genes is consistent with the idea/hypothesis that the original @entity5 gene was first duplicated into SDH1 and SDH2, and then SDH2 was duplicated into the SDH2a and @entity4 genes.

title: Cloning of cDNAs encoding @entity2 dehydrogenase-2a and b, enzymatic characterization, and up-regulated expression of the genes in XXXX diapause eggs exposed to 5   C.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12 is an underrecognized cause of @entity7 , recurrent @entity9 , and cough. Surgical stabilization with posterior membranous tracheobronchoplasty has been shown to be effective in selected @entity0 with severe disease. This study examines the technical details and complications of this operation. METHODS: A prospectively maintained database of @entity12 @entity0 was queried retrospectively to review all consecutive tracheobronchoplasties performed from October 2002 to June 2009. Posterior splinting was performed with @entity11 mesh. @entity0 demographics, surgical outcomes, and operative data were reviewed. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity0 underwent surgical correction of tracheal and bilateral @entity10 . Twenty-three @entity0 had @entity5 , 18 had @entity3 , 5 had @entity13 , and 4 had @entity2 . Seven @entity0 had a previous tracheotomy. Operative time was 373    93 minutes. Median length of stay was 8 days (range, 4 to 92 days), of which 3 days (range, 0 to 91 days) were in intensive care. Seventy-five percent of @entity0 were discharged home (28% with visiting nurse follow-up), and 25% went to a rehabilitation facility. Two @entity0 (3.2%) died postoperatively-1 of worsening usual @entity2 , and the other of massive @entity6 . Complications included a new @entity9 in 14 @entity0 , @entity6 in 2, and @entity4 in 6. Six @entity0 required reintubation, and 9 received a postoperative tracheotomy; 47 @entity0 required postoperative aspiration bronchoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: In experienced hands, tracheobronchoplasty can be performed with a very low mortality rate and an acceptable perioperative complications rate in @entity0 with significant @entity1 . Intervention for postoperative @entity8 is often necessary.

title: Technical aspects and outcomes of tracheobronchoplasty for severe XXXX .

answer: @entity12


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A correlation between @entity1 and @entity4 is frequently reported. It is unknown whether this @entity1 develops gradually as a consequence of @entity4 or precedes the onset of @entity3 . In the latter case both @entity1 and @entity4 may be symptoms of an underlying syndrome or both develop during the process of epileptogenesis. METHODS: Non-comparative clinical cohort study of 48 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity0 's mean age is 9 years, and 7 months; SD is 1 year, and 8 months). They were screened for previous and current @entity1 and their reading skills were examined. RESULTS: 23% of @entity0 with @entity4 had speech therapy in the past and 35% repeated a year on primary school, which is more often compared to the Dutch population of @entity0 . Their results on a reading task revealed lower scores. CONCLUSIONS: Language is impaired in @entity0 with @entity4 . In some @entity0 this @entity1 may even be a precursor, for the @entity4 . It is undecided however, whether the @entity1 develops gradually after the onset of @entity2 , whether @entity4 and @entity1 are both symptoms of an underlying syndrome or both develop during the process of epileptogenesis as we observed in some @entity0 the onset of @entity1 before the onset of @entity2 .

title: Impaired language performance as a precursor or consequence of XXXX ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of @entity2 among @entity0 born in the year 1930 or before, who were living in Granarolo, Ravenna province, on December 31, 1991. DESIGN: Population study, carried out in two phases: in the first was phase all @entity0 were administered two screening tests for @entity2 . In the second phase, @entity0 who screened positive underwent detailed clinical and cognitive assessments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) were administered as screening tests. In the second phase the screened-positive subjects underwent a general and neurological examination, and a detailed neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS: Of the 557 @entity0 , 56 were clinically diagnosed as demented. Twenty-nine @entity0 were diagnosed as affected by @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and 14 @entity0 by @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The crude prevalence ratios for @entity2 were 9.1% (95% C.I. = 5.29-12.89) for @entity0 and 12.7% (95% C.I. = 8.84-16.6) for @entity0 . The prevalence of all @entity2 , as well as @entity1 , increased steeply every five years of age for both @entity0 and @entity0 up to 90 years of age. @entity0 had higher prevalence of all @entity2 and @entity1 than @entity0 , more evident in the advanced ages. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are in agreement with similar studies carried out in European populations, showing that prevalence of @entity2 increases with increasing age. If we consider that in Italy the oldest (those 80 years and older) are the fastest growing part of the elderly population, we can expect that @entity2 will be a major emerging public health problem, as it is one of the most common diseases in the very elderly and a major cause of disability and mortality.

title: [The prevalence of XXXX in a population-based study carried out in Granarolo, Ravenna].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Epidural analgesia is the gold standard for post-thoracotomy @entity2 relief but is contraindicated in certain @entity0 . An alternative is @entity6 . We investigated whether @entity8 , administered through a paravertebral catheter placed by the surgeon, reduced @entity3 . METHODS: In a randomized double-blind study, adult @entity0 with a paravertebral catheter placed by the thoracic surgeon after thoracotomy were randomly assigned to receive through this catheter, either a 0.1 mlkg(-1) bolus of 0.5% @entity8 , followed by a continuous infusion of 0.1 mlkg(-1)h(-1) for 48 h, or saline at the same scheme of administration. @entity0 also benefited from @entity0 -controlled analgesia with intravenous @entity7 (bolus 1mg, lockout time 7 min), @entity9 , and nefopam. The primary endpoint was @entity2 intensity on a visual analog scale at rest and on coughing. Secondary endpoints were total @entity7 consumption and side effects during the first 48 postoperative hours. Surgeons, anesthesiologists, and all the nurses and caring staff involved in this study were blinded. Solutions of saline and @entity8 were prepared identically by the central pharmacy, without any possible identification of the product. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity0 with contraindications to epidural anesthesia were included. There were no significant differences between the groups receiving @entity8 and saline in terms of @entity2 severity at rest and on coughing, mean postoperative @entity7 consumption (45.7 mg for @entity8 , 43.2mg in controls), and incidence of @entity7 -related side effects ( @entity4 and @entity5 , urinary retention, @entity1 , respiratory rate, and sedation). CONCLUSIONS: Paravertebral block using a catheter placed by the thoracic surgeon was ineffective on @entity3 after thoracotomy and did not confirm the analgesic effect that has been observed after percutaneous catheter placement. A direct comparison of these two placement methods is required.

title: Intra-operative XXXX for postoperative analgesia in thoracotomy @entity0 : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Epidural analgesia is the gold standard for post-thoracotomy @entity2 relief but is contraindicated in certain @entity0 . An alternative is @entity6 . We investigated whether @entity8 , administered through a paravertebral catheter placed by the surgeon, reduced @entity3 . METHODS: In a randomized double-blind study, adult @entity0 with a paravertebral catheter placed by the thoracic surgeon after thoracotomy were randomly assigned to receive through this catheter, either a 0.1 mlkg(-1) bolus of 0.5% @entity8 , followed by a continuous infusion of 0.1 mlkg(-1)h(-1) for 48 h, or saline at the same scheme of administration. @entity0 also benefited from @entity0 -controlled analgesia with intravenous @entity7 (bolus 1mg, lockout time 7 min), @entity9 , and nefopam. The primary endpoint was @entity2 intensity on a visual analog scale at rest and on coughing. Secondary endpoints were total @entity7 consumption and side effects during the first 48 postoperative hours. Surgeons, anesthesiologists, and all the nurses and caring staff involved in this study were blinded. Solutions of saline and @entity8 were prepared identically by the central pharmacy, without any possible identification of the product. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity0 with contraindications to epidural anesthesia were included. There were no significant differences between the groups receiving @entity8 and saline in terms of @entity2 severity at rest and on coughing, mean postoperative @entity7 consumption (45.7 mg for @entity8 , 43.2mg in controls), and incidence of @entity7 -related side effects ( @entity4 and @entity5 , urinary retention, @entity1 , respiratory rate, and sedation). CONCLUSIONS: Paravertebral block using a catheter placed by the thoracic surgeon was ineffective on @entity3 after thoracotomy and did not confirm the analgesic effect that has been observed after percutaneous catheter placement. A direct comparison of these two placement methods is required.

title: Intra-operative @entity6 for postoperative analgesia in thoracotomy XXXX : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Challenges remain in the imaging of the lungs of free-breathing @entity0 . Although computed tomographic (CT) imaging is near optimal from a contrast perspective, the rapid respiration rate, limited temporal resolution, and inflexible x-ray pulse control of most micro-CT scanners limit their utility in pulmonary imaging. @entity1 nanotubes (CNTs) have permitted the development of field emission cathodes, with rapid switching and precise pulse control. The goal of this study was to explore the utility of a CNT-based micro-CT system for application in quantitative pulmonary imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve CB57/B6 @entity0 were imaged during peak inspiration and end-exhalation using the CNT micro-CT system. The respiratory trace was derived from a sensor placed underneath the abdomen of the animal. Animals were allowed to breathe freely during the imaging under @entity2 anesthesia. Images were reconstructed using isotropic voxels of 77- m resolution (50 kVp, 400 projections, 30-ms x-ray pulse). Lung volumes were measured with region-growing techniques and thresholds derived from the surrounding air and soft tissues. Basic functional parameters, including tidal volume, functional reserve capacity and minute volume, were also calculated. RESULTS: The average scan time was 13.4    1.8 minutes for each phase of the respiratory cycle. Mean lung volumes at peak inspiration and end-expiration were 0.23    0.026 and 0.11    0.024 mL, respectively. The average minute volume was 11.93    2.64 mL/min. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate the utility of a CNT-based micro-CT system in acquiring prospectively gated images from free-breathing @entity0 for obtaining physiologic data. This technique provides an alternative to breath-hold techniques requiring intubation and offers greater dose efficiency than retrospective gating techniques.

title: Prospective respiratory gated XXXX nanotube micro computed tomography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a rare @entity2 and is thought to be a different histopathologic subtype from hepatoid-type yolk sac @entity1 based upon its pathologic features. However, the cytopathologic characteristics of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have not been reported previously. We report the clinicopathologic and cytopathologic features and immunoreactivity of a case of @entity2 . CASE: A 36-year-old @entity0 presented to our department with lower @entity6 . @entity2 was found on pelvic examination, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. The @entity1 was diagnosed as a @entity5 of the left ovary based upon the histopathology of the surgically resected specimen. Cytopathologic specimens from a @entity1 touch preparation of the @entity1 exhibited @entity1 cells with abundant cytoplasm. The nuclei contained rough, granular chromatin and large, prominent nucleoli. Several @entity1 cells were multinucleated. @entity1 cells were immunoreactive for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity7 and @entity8 staining revealed that the @entity1 cells were in a sinusoidal pattern resembling @entity3 without any glandular formation. The @entity1 cells were negative for @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin while positive for @entity4 , alpha-1-antitripsin, CA-125 and carcinoembryonic antigen. CONCLUSION: Cytopathologic examination is of considerable aid in the diagnosis of @entity2 since cytopathologic preparations highlight the characteristic cell pleomorphism.

title: Cytopathologic and clinicopathologic features of XXXX . A case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Shenmai Injection (SMI) and @entity2 on small airway smooth muscle cell (SASMC) apoptosis and the Fas/ @entity3 expression in the papain induced @entity1 model @entity0 . METHODS: @entity1 model in @entity0 was established by a single intratracheal instillation of papain. Apoptosis and Fas/ @entity3 expression of SASMC were examined by immunohistochemical SABC and TUNEL assay at 1, 3, 5, 7, 15 and 30 days after modelling, and the effect of SMI and @entity2 on them were observed. RESULTS: Fas, @entity3 expressions in normal SASMC were very low with a positive rate of (2.31 +/- 0.05)% and (1.28 +/- 0.47)% respectively. After papain instillation, the positive rates increased along with the prolonging of instillation time. SMI showed an inhibition on SASMC Fas and @entity3 expression but @entity2 didn't show. SASMC apoptosis was very low in normal @entity0 with a rate of (0.87 +/- 0.32)%, it also raised after papain instillation and increased progressively along with the instillation time. SMI treatment could lower the apoptosis rate but @entity2 couldn't. CONCLUSION: Fas and @entity3 participated the SASMC apoptosis modulation in @entity1 formation. SMI shows a definite treatment effect on @entity1 by influencing the Fas and @entity3 protein expression and reducing SASMC apoptosis through inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediator.

title: [Effect of shenmai injection and XXXX on small airway smooth muscle cell apoptosis and related gene expression in @entity0 with @entity1 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Shenmai Injection (SMI) and @entity2 on small airway smooth muscle cell (SASMC) apoptosis and the Fas/ @entity3 expression in the papain induced @entity1 model @entity0 . METHODS: @entity1 model in @entity0 was established by a single intratracheal instillation of papain. Apoptosis and Fas/ @entity3 expression of SASMC were examined by immunohistochemical SABC and TUNEL assay at 1, 3, 5, 7, 15 and 30 days after modelling, and the effect of SMI and @entity2 on them were observed. RESULTS: Fas, @entity3 expressions in normal SASMC were very low with a positive rate of (2.31 +/- 0.05)% and (1.28 +/- 0.47)% respectively. After papain instillation, the positive rates increased along with the prolonging of instillation time. SMI showed an inhibition on SASMC Fas and @entity3 expression but @entity2 didn't show. SASMC apoptosis was very low in normal @entity0 with a rate of (0.87 +/- 0.32)%, it also raised after papain instillation and increased progressively along with the instillation time. SMI treatment could lower the apoptosis rate but @entity2 couldn't. CONCLUSION: Fas and @entity3 participated the SASMC apoptosis modulation in @entity1 formation. SMI shows a definite treatment effect on @entity1 by influencing the Fas and @entity3 protein expression and reducing SASMC apoptosis through inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediator.

title: [Effect of shenmai injection and @entity2 on small airway smooth muscle cell apoptosis and related gene expression in @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Shenmai Injection (SMI) and @entity2 on small airway smooth muscle cell (SASMC) apoptosis and the Fas/ @entity3 expression in the papain induced @entity1 model @entity0 . METHODS: @entity1 model in @entity0 was established by a single intratracheal instillation of papain. Apoptosis and Fas/ @entity3 expression of SASMC were examined by immunohistochemical SABC and TUNEL assay at 1, 3, 5, 7, 15 and 30 days after modelling, and the effect of SMI and @entity2 on them were observed. RESULTS: Fas, @entity3 expressions in normal SASMC were very low with a positive rate of (2.31 +/- 0.05)% and (1.28 +/- 0.47)% respectively. After papain instillation, the positive rates increased along with the prolonging of instillation time. SMI showed an inhibition on SASMC Fas and @entity3 expression but @entity2 didn't show. SASMC apoptosis was very low in normal @entity0 with a rate of (0.87 +/- 0.32)%, it also raised after papain instillation and increased progressively along with the instillation time. SMI treatment could lower the apoptosis rate but @entity2 couldn't. CONCLUSION: Fas and @entity3 participated the SASMC apoptosis modulation in @entity1 formation. SMI shows a definite treatment effect on @entity1 by influencing the Fas and @entity3 protein expression and reducing SASMC apoptosis through inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediator.

title: [Effect of shenmai injection and @entity2 on small airway smooth muscle cell apoptosis and related gene expression in XXXX with @entity1 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in survivors of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) seems to vary with time, type of treatments and GH status. We aimed to evaluate @entity1 in @entity4 @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), with and without GH therapy. DESIGN: Case-control study. METHODS: We examined 44 (21 @entity0 ) @entity5 @entity0 (median 25 years) treated with cranial radiotherapy (18-24 Gy) and chemotherapy and matched population controls for @entity1 with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. For 5 and 8 years, two subgroups with (0.5mg/day) (n=16) and without GH therapy (n=13) and matched controls were followed respectively. RESULTS: At baseline, no significant differences in @entity1 or Z-scores at femoral neck and L2-L4 were recorded (all P>0.3). After another 8 years with @entity5 , the Z-scores at femoral neck had significantly decreased compared with baseline (0.0 to -0.5; P<0.03) and became lower at the femoral neck (P=0.05), and at L2-L4 (P<0.03), compared with controls. After 5 years of GH therapy, only female @entity4 @entity0 had a significantly lower femoral neck Z-scores (P=0.03). The female @entity4 @entity0 reached an @entity3 level of -0.7 s.d. and male @entity0 reached the level of +0.05 s.d. CONCLUSIONS: On average, 25 years after diagnosis, GH-deficient @entity4 @entity0 experienced a significant decrease in Z-scores at femoral neck, and if Z-scores continue to decrease, there could be a premature risk for @entity2 . GH therapy was not shown to have a clear beneficial effect on @entity1 . Whether higher GH doses, particularly in @entity0 , will improve Z-scores needs further investigation.

title: Bone loss after childhood XXXX : an observational study with and without GH therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Cord blood-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) are proposed as an alternative cell source to repair brain damage upon transplantation. However, there is a lack of data showing how these cells are driven to generate desired phenotypes by recipient nervous tissue. Previous research indicates that local environment provides signals driving the fate of stem cells. To investigate the impact of these local cues interaction, the authors used a model of cord blood-derived NSCs co-cultured with different @entity2 brain-specific primary cultures, creating the neural-like microenvironment conditions in vitro. Neuronal and astro-, oligo-, and microglia cell cultures were obtained by the previously described methods. The @entity4 -labeled neural stem cells originated from, non-transformed @entity0 umbilical cord blood cell line ( @entity3 ) established in a laboratory. The authors show that the close vicinity of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes promotes neuronal differentiation of @entity3 , whereas postmitotic neurons induce oligodendrogliogenesis of these cells. In turn, microglia or endothelial cells do not favor any phenotypes of their neural commitment. Studies have confirmed that @entity3 can read cues from the neurogenic microenvironment, attaining features of neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes. The specific responses of neurally committed cord blood-derived cells, reported in this work, are very much similar to those described previously for NSCs derived from other "more typical" sources. This further proves their genuine neural nature. Apart from having a better insight into the neurogenesis in the adult brain, these findings might be important when predicting cord blood cell derivative behavior after their transplantation for @entity1 .

title: Cellular environment directs differentiation of XXXX umbilical cord blood-derived neural stem cells in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Lymphadectomy should extend to the level of the origin of the primary feeding vessel, suspected positive lymph nodes outside the standart resection should be removed when feasible. A minimum 5 cm bowel margins proximally and distally should be used and peroperative histology must confermend @entity1 free @entity3 . En-block resection should be performed for @entity1 adherent to local structures. Inadvertent bowel perforation increases the risk of recurrence and should be avoided. Ovaries grossly involved with @entity1 should be removed. In all @entity0 having operations for @entity4 should be performed. In premenopausal @entity0 the ovary is a frequent site for metastatic disease (the @entity5 ) which occures as often as 25 percent of the time. The incidence of of @entity2 is much lower in postmenopausal @entity0 but the consequences of oophorectomy are also less severe in that age group. (Ref. 9.).

title: Oncological radicality in XXXX operation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarise the clinical and economic literature relating to the effect of Cavilon No Sting Barrier Film on the incidence of @entity2 -associated @entity3 , which is a risk factor for pressure ulceration and exudate-related peri-wound @entity1 . METHOD: A systematic literature search was performed using available computerised databases for publications on Cavilon barrier film and other relevant terms. Six clinical studies were identified providing data on 1,563 @entity0 treated with the barrier film or a comparator. The publications comprised prospective studies, randomised and non-randomised studies, multicentre trials, single-centre reports and a volunteer study. Due to the nature of the comparators, five studies were open-label. Differences in methodology and outcomes made a qualitative review the most appropriate analysis. RESULTS: The barrier film was at least as effective as petroleum ointments and more effective than @entity4 formulations in preventing @entity2 -associated @entity3 . The barrier film was also effective in peri-wound skin protection, although its clinical efficacy was not significantly different to that of petroleum ointments and @entity4 formulations. Nevertheless, the barrier film was more cost-effective than either petroleum ointments or @entity4 formulations in managing @entity2 -associated @entity3 and peri-wound skin protection, largely due to savings in nursing time. CONCLUSION: The barrier film is at least as clinically effective and potentially more cost-effective in @entity2 -associated @entity3 prophylaxis and peri-wound skin protection than petroleum ointments or @entity4 formulations, releasing health care resources for alternative use. Further studies are required to quantify the relative efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the barrier film and other barrier formulations in different clinical settings and enhance the quality of the evidence base.

title: Clinical and economic evidence supporting a transparent barrier film dressing in XXXX -associated @entity3 and peri-wound skin protection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarise the clinical and economic literature relating to the effect of Cavilon No Sting Barrier Film on the incidence of @entity2 -associated @entity3 , which is a risk factor for pressure ulceration and exudate-related peri-wound @entity1 . METHOD: A systematic literature search was performed using available computerised databases for publications on Cavilon barrier film and other relevant terms. Six clinical studies were identified providing data on 1,563 @entity0 treated with the barrier film or a comparator. The publications comprised prospective studies, randomised and non-randomised studies, multicentre trials, single-centre reports and a volunteer study. Due to the nature of the comparators, five studies were open-label. Differences in methodology and outcomes made a qualitative review the most appropriate analysis. RESULTS: The barrier film was at least as effective as petroleum ointments and more effective than @entity4 formulations in preventing @entity2 -associated @entity3 . The barrier film was also effective in peri-wound skin protection, although its clinical efficacy was not significantly different to that of petroleum ointments and @entity4 formulations. Nevertheless, the barrier film was more cost-effective than either petroleum ointments or @entity4 formulations in managing @entity2 -associated @entity3 and peri-wound skin protection, largely due to savings in nursing time. CONCLUSION: The barrier film is at least as clinically effective and potentially more cost-effective in @entity2 -associated @entity3 prophylaxis and peri-wound skin protection than petroleum ointments or @entity4 formulations, releasing health care resources for alternative use. Further studies are required to quantify the relative efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the barrier film and other barrier formulations in different clinical settings and enhance the quality of the evidence base.

title: Clinical and economic evidence supporting a transparent barrier film dressing in @entity2 -associated XXXX and peri-wound skin protection.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This case report of a metastasizing @entity4 with a review of the literature was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the biologic behavior of this exceedingly rare @entity2 and thus to facilitate its clinical management. The lung was by far the most frequent metastatic site. Thus, all 7 @entity0 with a proven @entity1 recorded up to now including the present case had developed multiple pulmonary metastases. The interval between the initial diagnosis of the primary and manifestation of lung metastases proved to be long, with a mean of 8.4 years. The average survival time was at least 12.3 years. The mean interval between diagnosis of @entity1 and @entity5 amounted to at least 6.3 years. The histomorphologic features of @entity1 , its local recurrences and of the metastatic lesions differed in no way from conventional @entity4 . Because of the lack of cellular criteria of @entity2 it is impossible to predict the potential biologic behavior of @entity4 , in particular with respect to their ability to metastasize. However, the presence of @entity2 emboli in the @entity3 is highly suggestive of a subsequent development of @entity1 . The delayed induction of hematogenous metastases is best explained by a limited growth potential of the @entity2 cells. In case of a large @entity2 --especially in flat bones--with soft tissue invasion or in the presence of @entity2 emboli an aggressive surgical approach is suggested. When lung metastases have developed their surgical removal is recommended to hopefully prolong live expectancy or even to obtain a curative effect.

title: Histology and biology of XXXX . Report of a case with a review of the literature.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Our work has been focused on understanding the mechanism of @entity1 associated with @entity3 . The hypothesis tested is that the cerebellum acts to modulate muscle activity across multiple joints in anticipation of the mechanical interaction torques generated by one's own movement and by external forces. Individuals with @entity0 were studied in two sets of experiments. In the first experiment, we studied how cerebellar subjects' movement changed when interaction torques were present, and then reduced via mechanically constraining movement to a single joint. Consistent with the hypothesis, it was found that cerebellar endpoint errors were greatly improved when interaction torques were reduced. We also found that @entity0 in the unconstrained condition were not explained by a general failure of torque timing or magnitude scaling. This supports the idea that the cerebellum plays a specific and important role in adjusting for the dynamics of one's own body movements. In the second experiment, we studied how well cerebellar subjects could adapt arm movements to external loads. Cerebellar subjects were tested as they adapted a catching movement to balls of different weight. It was found that they were slow or unable to adapt through practice and did not show evidence of storage of the adaptation. This suggests that the cerebellum is needed for rapid adaptations for loads in movement. Given these findings, we think that the cerebellum is important in anticipating and adjusting for the mechanical demands of movement though @entity2 .

title: XXXX : abnormal control of self-generated and external forces.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Swiss @entity1 (S/RV/ @entity6 -ba) were exposed to a spectral range of UV light emitting predominantly lambda 253.7 nm. Following a cumulative dose of 22.5 X 10(3) KJ/m2 @entity0 were induced. The @entity0 development occurred after 52 weeks, relatively a longer time interval following exposure, compared with shorter time intervals required for production of @entity0 in @entity1 by spectral range UVA and UVB as observed by other workers. A study of biochemical events viz. levels of protein, DNA, @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity4 has been made in the skin samples of control and irradiated animals following ultraviolet irradiation with a dose of 22.5 X 10(3) KJ/m2. Study of macromolecular events in the skin of control and irradiated @entity1 , showed fluctuations in the levels of DNA. A particularly notable event is the occurrence of increased levels of DNA and @entity3 and their persistence during the 9-39 weeks post UV interval prior to @entity0 production. No such variation was observed in the control group in any of the intervals. Increased levels were also seen in case of @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity4 at different intervals in the post UV periods. These fluctuations in various biochemical events are deemed to be indicative of UV initiated biochemical changes.

title: Alteration of macromolecular events and elemental levels in the skin of UVC exposed hairless XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: An attempt was made to reduce blood pressure by increasing the baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity2 ) via biofeedback. Six @entity0 with mild essential @entity1 and 5 normotensive @entity0 were studied during 8 biofeedback sessions. Each session consisted of 5 trials, 5 min each. The first and the last trials served as baselines of heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and @entity2 . During the 3 middle trials the @entity2 was calculated online using the sequencing technique. The resulting value was used as a visual analogue feedback signal. @entity0 were asked to increase @entity2 . The mean @entity2 was 8.3 [ms/mmHg] for the @entity1 @entity0 and 12.2 [ms/mmHg] for the normotensive @entity0 . During biofeedback trials as well as across sessions neither the @entity1 nor the normotensive group showed a statistically significant increase of @entity2 , only heart rate variability increased significantly. Contrary to expectation blood pressure increased in both groups. One @entity1 subject made significant progress during the training by performing valsalva maneuvers. The data show that @entity2 is reduced in @entity1 subjects. The increase of the heart rate variability could be a sign of the activation of the baroreflex although the @entity2 itself did not increase. Despite the successful technical and organizational implementation of this biofeedback approach, it was not effective to systematically reduce blood pressure. A further development in the direction of guiding the @entity0 to use the valsalva breathing pattern and/or a prolonged duration of the biofeedback training might be promising.

title: Biofeedback of baroreflex sensitivity in @entity0 with mild essential XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: An attempt was made to reduce blood pressure by increasing the baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity2 ) via biofeedback. Six @entity0 with mild essential @entity1 and 5 normotensive @entity0 were studied during 8 biofeedback sessions. Each session consisted of 5 trials, 5 min each. The first and the last trials served as baselines of heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and @entity2 . During the 3 middle trials the @entity2 was calculated online using the sequencing technique. The resulting value was used as a visual analogue feedback signal. @entity0 were asked to increase @entity2 . The mean @entity2 was 8.3 [ms/mmHg] for the @entity1 @entity0 and 12.2 [ms/mmHg] for the normotensive @entity0 . During biofeedback trials as well as across sessions neither the @entity1 nor the normotensive group showed a statistically significant increase of @entity2 , only heart rate variability increased significantly. Contrary to expectation blood pressure increased in both groups. One @entity1 subject made significant progress during the training by performing valsalva maneuvers. The data show that @entity2 is reduced in @entity1 subjects. The increase of the heart rate variability could be a sign of the activation of the baroreflex although the @entity2 itself did not increase. Despite the successful technical and organizational implementation of this biofeedback approach, it was not effective to systematically reduce blood pressure. A further development in the direction of guiding the @entity0 to use the valsalva breathing pattern and/or a prolonged duration of the biofeedback training might be promising.

title: Biofeedback of baroreflex sensitivity in XXXX with mild essential @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Late radiation effects were investigated in the @entity1 small intestine after a daily fractionated radiation treatment. @entity1 were given 14 X 3 Gy in 2 weeks over a partial abdominal irradiation field. There was evidence for late injury in the intestinal epithelium, the submucosa, and the subserosa. Late damage in the epithelium was shown histologically by a reduced crypt number and villus atrophy at 3 and 6 months but not at 24 h after the end of treatment. The reduction in crypt number was significant in the ileum at 3 and 6 months after irradiation: 100 +/- 4 and 98 +/- 5 (SEM) per circumference, respectively, versus 132 +/- 3 and 146 +/- 6 in age-matched controls (P less than 0.01, t test). The mitotic activity in the crypts of the irradiated animals was significantly increased at all investigated times, suggesting a prolonged but insufficient compensatory response to maintain the mucosal integrity. The repercussion on intestinal epithelial function was, at least in part, reflected by a progressively reduced body @entity5 up to 5 g at 3 months after treatment. The ability of the surviving crypt stem cells to form microcolonies after irradiation, however, was not impaired. Evidence for @entity3 was provided from macroscopic and histological examination. Macroscopically, at 6 months after treatment, narrowed and rigid bowel segments surrounded by fibrotic adhesions were observed, causing partial @entity7 . In addition, sometimes focal areas of @entity4 and @entity6 in small bowel segments were present. Histologically, diffuse and pronounced @entity0 without increased @entity2 was seen, together with markedly dilated small blood vessels in focal areas of macroscopic @entity6 . The intestinal perfusion, as assessed by 86Rb extraction, was significantly but transiently reduced at 3 months after irradiation. These data suggest mainly late effects in the small intestine after this daily fractionated irradiation treatment. The reduced number of epithelial cells and the @entity0 are possibly mediated by radiation injury in the intestinal microvasculature.

title: Late effects in the XXXX small intestine after a clinically relevant multifractionated radiation treatment.

answer: @entity1