abstract: @entity1 remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality, necessitating new options for salvage therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity3 as salvage monotherapy in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 with proven or probable @entity1 , who were refractory or intolerant to previous systemic antifungal therapy, were randomised 2  :  1 to receive 300  mg  day(-1) intravenous @entity3 monotherapy or an intravenous control monotherapy [lipid @entity4 (5  mg  kg(-1)   day(-1) ), @entity5 (8  mg  kg(-1)   day(-1) ) or @entity6 (50  mg  day(-1) )] for 3-12  weeks. @entity0 underwent final assessment 12  weeks after treatment start. Seventeen @entity0 with @entity1 (proven, n  =  2; probable, n  =  14; not recorded, n  =  1) participated in the study ( @entity3 arm, n  =  12; control arm, n  =  5). Three @entity0 each in the @entity3 (25.0%; 95% CI: 5.5-57.2) and control arm (60.0%; 95% CI: 14.7-94.7) had successful therapy at end of treatment as assessed by an Independent Data Review Board. Eleven @entity0 died; six due to @entity1 . No @entity2 were considered related to study treatment. During this study it became increasingly common to use combination treatment for salvage therapy. Consequently, enrolment was low and the study was discontinued early. No clear trends in efficacy and safety can be concluded.

title: Randomised, multicentre trial of XXXX vs. an institutional standard regimen for salvage treatment of @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality, necessitating new options for salvage therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity3 as salvage monotherapy in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 with proven or probable @entity1 , who were refractory or intolerant to previous systemic antifungal therapy, were randomised 2  :  1 to receive 300  mg  day(-1) intravenous @entity3 monotherapy or an intravenous control monotherapy [lipid @entity4 (5  mg  kg(-1)   day(-1) ), @entity5 (8  mg  kg(-1)   day(-1) ) or @entity6 (50  mg  day(-1) )] for 3-12  weeks. @entity0 underwent final assessment 12  weeks after treatment start. Seventeen @entity0 with @entity1 (proven, n  =  2; probable, n  =  14; not recorded, n  =  1) participated in the study ( @entity3 arm, n  =  12; control arm, n  =  5). Three @entity0 each in the @entity3 (25.0%; 95% CI: 5.5-57.2) and control arm (60.0%; 95% CI: 14.7-94.7) had successful therapy at end of treatment as assessed by an Independent Data Review Board. Eleven @entity0 died; six due to @entity1 . No @entity2 were considered related to study treatment. During this study it became increasingly common to use combination treatment for salvage therapy. Consequently, enrolment was low and the study was discontinued early. No clear trends in efficacy and safety can be concluded.

title: Randomised, multicentre trial of @entity3 vs. an institutional standard regimen for salvage treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity17 may induce @entity7 of the bladder urothelium. Epithelial dysfunction was proposed as one of the major potential etiologies for @entity12 syndrome/ @entity11 (BPS/IC). In this study, we examined the association between statin use and BPS/IC using a population-based study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This case-control study used the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. In total, 815 female subjects with BPS/IC and 4075 randomly selected female controls were included. We used a conditional logistic regression to compute the odds ratio (OR) for having previously used statins between cases and controls. RESULTS: A conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the OR of prior statin users for cases was 1.52 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19-1.94) compared to controls after adjusting for @entity0 , @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity1 , chronic @entity13 , @entity10 , @entity4 , @entity16 , @entity6 , @entity15 , @entity14 , @entity18 , @entity9 , @entity2 , and @entity8 . Furthermore, adjusted ORs of regular and irregular statin use for cases were 1.58 (95% CI: 1.20-2.08) and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.02-2.31), respectively, compared to controls. CONCLUSION: We concluded that there was an association between statin use and BPS/IC.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Statin Use Is Associated with @entity12 Syndrome/ XXXX : A Population-Based Case-Control Study.

answer: @entity11


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity17 may induce @entity7 of the bladder urothelium. Epithelial dysfunction was proposed as one of the major potential etiologies for @entity12 syndrome/ @entity11 (BPS/IC). In this study, we examined the association between statin use and BPS/IC using a population-based study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This case-control study used the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. In total, 815 female subjects with BPS/IC and 4075 randomly selected female controls were included. We used a conditional logistic regression to compute the odds ratio (OR) for having previously used statins between cases and controls. RESULTS: A conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the OR of prior statin users for cases was 1.52 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19-1.94) compared to controls after adjusting for @entity0 , @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity1 , chronic @entity13 , @entity10 , @entity4 , @entity16 , @entity6 , @entity15 , @entity14 , @entity18 , @entity9 , @entity2 , and @entity8 . Furthermore, adjusted ORs of regular and irregular statin use for cases were 1.58 (95% CI: 1.20-2.08) and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.02-2.31), respectively, compared to controls. CONCLUSION: We concluded that there was an association between statin use and BPS/IC.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Statin Use Is Associated with XXXX Syndrome/ @entity11 : A Population-Based Case-Control Study.

answer: @entity12


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this prospective cohort study was to assess whether the 45-minute prehospital limit for ambulance transfer is met in case of postpartum @entity3 (PPH) after midwifery-supervised home birth in The Netherlands and evaluate the process of ambulance transfer, maternal condition during transfer, and outcomes in relation to whether this limit was met. METHODS: Using ambulance report forms and medical charts, ambulance intervals, urgency coding, clinical condition (using the lowest Revised @entity1 Score, [RTS]), and maternal outcomes were collected. From April 2008 to April 2010, midwives reported 72 cases of PPH. Associations between duration of the ambulance transfer, maternal condition during ambulance transfer and outcomes were analyzed. The main outcome measures were duration of ambulance transfer, RTS, @entity2 , surgical procedures, and blood transfusions. RESULTS: Seventy-two cases were reported, 18 (25%) were excluded: 54 cases were analyzed. In 63 percent, the 45-minute prehospital limit was met, 75.9 percent received a RTS of 12, indicating optimal Glasgow @entity5 Scale, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory frequency. In 24.1 percent a @entity4 was found (RTS 10 or 11). We found no difference in outcomes between @entity0 with different RTS or in whom the 45-minute prehospital limit was or was not met. CONCLUSIONS: We found no relation between the duration of ambulance transfer and maternal condition or outcomes. All @entity0 fully recovered. The low-risk profile of @entity0 in primary care, well-organized midwifery, and ambulance care in The Netherlands are likely to contribute to these findings.

title: Ambulance Transfer in Case of Postpartum XXXX after Birth in Primary Midwifery Care in The Netherlands: A Prospective Cohort Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and to classify @entity5 on transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and correlate the findings with histology. METHODS: A prospective, blinded study of @entity0 undergoing TRUS and prostatic biopsy was designed. A standardized reproducible technique was used with a BK 7.5- to 12.5-MHz multiplanar probe. Representative images of the @entity4 in the sagittal and transverse planes were captured. Blind analysis by an experienced observer was performed. TRUS findings were categorized using a novel classification and correlated with histologic data. RESULTS: A total of 274 @entity0 (58.8%) had @entity3 , 88 @entity0 (18.9%) @entity2 , and 104 @entity0 (22.3%) had benign pathology. Interface @entity4 was present in 42.3% of @entity0 . Peripheral or transitional zone @entity4 was unusual (6.8% and 9.0%, respectively). Of the  peripheral zone @entity4 group @entity0 , 78.1% had @entity1 on histology examination (P  =  .020). CONCLUSION: Prevalence and characteristics of @entity5 have been described using this novel and practical classification. Although interface @entity4 is common and not associated with any particular pathology, peripheral zone @entity4 appears to be strongly associated with @entity3 .

title: Prevalence of @entity5 subtypes and association with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and to classify @entity5 on transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and correlate the findings with histology. METHODS: A prospective, blinded study of @entity0 undergoing TRUS and prostatic biopsy was designed. A standardized reproducible technique was used with a BK 7.5- to 12.5-MHz multiplanar probe. Representative images of the @entity4 in the sagittal and transverse planes were captured. Blind analysis by an experienced observer was performed. TRUS findings were categorized using a novel classification and correlated with histologic data. RESULTS: A total of 274 @entity0 (58.8%) had @entity3 , 88 @entity0 (18.9%) @entity2 , and 104 @entity0 (22.3%) had benign pathology. Interface @entity4 was present in 42.3% of @entity0 . Peripheral or transitional zone @entity4 was unusual (6.8% and 9.0%, respectively). Of the  peripheral zone @entity4 group @entity0 , 78.1% had @entity1 on histology examination (P  =  .020). CONCLUSION: Prevalence and characteristics of @entity5 have been described using this novel and practical classification. Although interface @entity4 is common and not associated with any particular pathology, peripheral zone @entity4 appears to be strongly associated with @entity3 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX subtypes and association with @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of @entity4 applied early after @entity3 for preventing @entity0 and spongiofibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were randomized and divided into 3 groups, with 9 @entity1 in each group. The urethras of all @entity1 were traumatized with a pediatric urethrotome knife at 6-o' clock. For 14  days, group I was given 0.9% saline twice a day (control group), group II was given @entity4 500  mg/kg ampules once a day and 0.9% saline once a day, and group III was given @entity4 500  mg/kg ampules twice a day intraurethrally using a 22  ga catheter sheath. On day 15, the penises of the @entity1 were degloved to perform penectomy. RESULTS: The mean @entity2 scores were 2.4, 2.2, and 1.4, and mean @entity0 scar scores were 2, 1.4, and 1.3 in groups I, II, and III, respectively. There was a significant difference between groups I and II for @entity0 (P  = .011); however, the difference for @entity2 was not significant (P  = .331). The differences between groups I and III were statistically significantly different both for @entity0 and @entity2 (P  = .004 and P  = .003, respectively). Groups II and III were not different significantly for @entity0 (P  = .638); however, there was less @entity2 in group III, in which high-dose @entity4 was administered. CONCLUSION: We showed that @entity4 applied early after @entity3 significantly decreased @entity0 and spongiofibrosis. We hope that our study will help to decrease strictures after @entity3 and contribute to pharmaceutical investigations aiming to improve the success of the surgery for urethral strictures.

title: The effect of intraurethral @entity4 on healing and XXXX in @entity1 with experimentally induced @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of @entity4 applied early after @entity3 for preventing @entity0 and spongiofibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were randomized and divided into 3 groups, with 9 @entity1 in each group. The urethras of all @entity1 were traumatized with a pediatric urethrotome knife at 6-o' clock. For 14  days, group I was given 0.9% saline twice a day (control group), group II was given @entity4 500  mg/kg ampules once a day and 0.9% saline once a day, and group III was given @entity4 500  mg/kg ampules twice a day intraurethrally using a 22  ga catheter sheath. On day 15, the penises of the @entity1 were degloved to perform penectomy. RESULTS: The mean @entity2 scores were 2.4, 2.2, and 1.4, and mean @entity0 scar scores were 2, 1.4, and 1.3 in groups I, II, and III, respectively. There was a significant difference between groups I and II for @entity0 (P  = .011); however, the difference for @entity2 was not significant (P  = .331). The differences between groups I and III were statistically significantly different both for @entity0 and @entity2 (P  = .004 and P  = .003, respectively). Groups II and III were not different significantly for @entity0 (P  = .638); however, there was less @entity2 in group III, in which high-dose @entity4 was administered. CONCLUSION: We showed that @entity4 applied early after @entity3 significantly decreased @entity0 and spongiofibrosis. We hope that our study will help to decrease strictures after @entity3 and contribute to pharmaceutical investigations aiming to improve the success of the surgery for urethral strictures.

title: The effect of intraurethral @entity4 on healing and @entity2 in @entity1 with experimentally induced XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of @entity4 applied early after @entity3 for preventing @entity0 and spongiofibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were randomized and divided into 3 groups, with 9 @entity1 in each group. The urethras of all @entity1 were traumatized with a pediatric urethrotome knife at 6-o' clock. For 14  days, group I was given 0.9% saline twice a day (control group), group II was given @entity4 500  mg/kg ampules once a day and 0.9% saline once a day, and group III was given @entity4 500  mg/kg ampules twice a day intraurethrally using a 22  ga catheter sheath. On day 15, the penises of the @entity1 were degloved to perform penectomy. RESULTS: The mean @entity2 scores were 2.4, 2.2, and 1.4, and mean @entity0 scar scores were 2, 1.4, and 1.3 in groups I, II, and III, respectively. There was a significant difference between groups I and II for @entity0 (P  = .011); however, the difference for @entity2 was not significant (P  = .331). The differences between groups I and III were statistically significantly different both for @entity0 and @entity2 (P  = .004 and P  = .003, respectively). Groups II and III were not different significantly for @entity0 (P  = .638); however, there was less @entity2 in group III, in which high-dose @entity4 was administered. CONCLUSION: We showed that @entity4 applied early after @entity3 significantly decreased @entity0 and spongiofibrosis. We hope that our study will help to decrease strictures after @entity3 and contribute to pharmaceutical investigations aiming to improve the success of the surgery for urethral strictures.

title: The effect of intraurethral XXXX on healing and @entity2 in @entity1 with experimentally induced @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of @entity4 applied early after @entity3 for preventing @entity0 and spongiofibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were randomized and divided into 3 groups, with 9 @entity1 in each group. The urethras of all @entity1 were traumatized with a pediatric urethrotome knife at 6-o' clock. For 14  days, group I was given 0.9% saline twice a day (control group), group II was given @entity4 500  mg/kg ampules once a day and 0.9% saline once a day, and group III was given @entity4 500  mg/kg ampules twice a day intraurethrally using a 22  ga catheter sheath. On day 15, the penises of the @entity1 were degloved to perform penectomy. RESULTS: The mean @entity2 scores were 2.4, 2.2, and 1.4, and mean @entity0 scar scores were 2, 1.4, and 1.3 in groups I, II, and III, respectively. There was a significant difference between groups I and II for @entity0 (P  = .011); however, the difference for @entity2 was not significant (P  = .331). The differences between groups I and III were statistically significantly different both for @entity0 and @entity2 (P  = .004 and P  = .003, respectively). Groups II and III were not different significantly for @entity0 (P  = .638); however, there was less @entity2 in group III, in which high-dose @entity4 was administered. CONCLUSION: We showed that @entity4 applied early after @entity3 significantly decreased @entity0 and spongiofibrosis. We hope that our study will help to decrease strictures after @entity3 and contribute to pharmaceutical investigations aiming to improve the success of the surgery for urethral strictures.

title: The effect of intraurethral @entity4 on healing and @entity2 in XXXX with experimentally induced @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 -binding cassette (ABC) transporters have been shown to be involved in pesticide detoxification in arthropod vectors and are thought to contribute to the development of drug resistance. Little is currently known about the role they play in ticks, which are among the more important vectors of @entity0 and animal pathogens. Here, the role of ABC transporters in the transport of @entity3 and ivermectin acaricides in the tick @entity4 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) was investigated. Larvae were treated with acaricide alone and acaricide in combination with a sub-lethal dose of the ABC transporter inhibitor @entity2 . The LC50 doses and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated by mortality data using probit analysis were 67.930   p.p.m. (95% CI 53.780-90.861) for @entity3 and 3741   p.p.m. (95% CI 2857-4647) for ivermectin. The pre-exposure of larvae to a sub-lethal dose of @entity2 reduced the LC50 dose of @entity3 to 4.808   p.p.m. (95% CI 0.715-9.527) and that of ivermectin to 167   p.p.m. (95% CI 15-449), which increased @entity1 by about 14- and 22-fold, respectively. The comparison of mortality data for each separate @entity6 concentration showed the synergic effect of @entity2 to be reduced at higher concentrations of acaricide. These results show for the first time a strong association between ABC transporters and acaricide detoxification in @entity4 s.l.

title: Potential role of @entity5 -binding cassette transporters against acaricides in the XXXX @entity4 sensu lato.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 -binding cassette (ABC) transporters have been shown to be involved in pesticide detoxification in arthropod vectors and are thought to contribute to the development of drug resistance. Little is currently known about the role they play in ticks, which are among the more important vectors of @entity0 and animal pathogens. Here, the role of ABC transporters in the transport of @entity3 and ivermectin acaricides in the tick @entity4 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) was investigated. Larvae were treated with acaricide alone and acaricide in combination with a sub-lethal dose of the ABC transporter inhibitor @entity2 . The LC50 doses and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated by mortality data using probit analysis were 67.930   p.p.m. (95% CI 53.780-90.861) for @entity3 and 3741   p.p.m. (95% CI 2857-4647) for ivermectin. The pre-exposure of larvae to a sub-lethal dose of @entity2 reduced the LC50 dose of @entity3 to 4.808   p.p.m. (95% CI 0.715-9.527) and that of ivermectin to 167   p.p.m. (95% CI 15-449), which increased @entity1 by about 14- and 22-fold, respectively. The comparison of mortality data for each separate @entity6 concentration showed the synergic effect of @entity2 to be reduced at higher concentrations of acaricide. These results show for the first time a strong association between ABC transporters and acaricide detoxification in @entity4 s.l.

title: Potential role of @entity5 -binding cassette transporters against acaricides in the @entity4 XXXX sensu lato.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 -binding cassette (ABC) transporters have been shown to be involved in pesticide detoxification in arthropod vectors and are thought to contribute to the development of drug resistance. Little is currently known about the role they play in ticks, which are among the more important vectors of @entity0 and animal pathogens. Here, the role of ABC transporters in the transport of @entity3 and ivermectin acaricides in the tick @entity4 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) was investigated. Larvae were treated with acaricide alone and acaricide in combination with a sub-lethal dose of the ABC transporter inhibitor @entity2 . The LC50 doses and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated by mortality data using probit analysis were 67.930   p.p.m. (95% CI 53.780-90.861) for @entity3 and 3741   p.p.m. (95% CI 2857-4647) for ivermectin. The pre-exposure of larvae to a sub-lethal dose of @entity2 reduced the LC50 dose of @entity3 to 4.808   p.p.m. (95% CI 0.715-9.527) and that of ivermectin to 167   p.p.m. (95% CI 15-449), which increased @entity1 by about 14- and 22-fold, respectively. The comparison of mortality data for each separate @entity6 concentration showed the synergic effect of @entity2 to be reduced at higher concentrations of acaricide. These results show for the first time a strong association between ABC transporters and acaricide detoxification in @entity4 s.l.

title: Potential role of XXXX -binding cassette transporters against acaricides in the @entity4 @entity4 sensu lato.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity6 is a rare @entity1 consisting of both @entity7 , with an incidence of 0.5%. There have been only a few case reports of @entity8 and @entity4 coexisting in the esophagus. However, all of these are cases of synchronous or metachronous development of @entity8 after chemoradiotherapy in @entity0 of @entity5 . A 53-year-old @entity0 underwent esophagogas-troduodenoscopy because of @entity3 for several months. Endoscopic examination revealed a huge pedunculated esophageal polypoid mass. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed and histopathologic examination confirmed @entity2 ( @entity8 ). He refused additional esophagectomy. After 21 months, third follow-up endoscopy showed poorly-demarcated flat, faint discolored lesions at different location from the previous ESD site and endoscopic biopsies confirmed @entity4 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of metachronous development of @entity5 in a @entity0 with @entity6 . (Korean J Gastroenterol 2014;64:364-369).

title: A case of metachronous development of XXXX in the @entity0 with @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity6 is a rare @entity1 consisting of both @entity7 , with an incidence of 0.5%. There have been only a few case reports of @entity8 and @entity4 coexisting in the esophagus. However, all of these are cases of synchronous or metachronous development of @entity8 after chemoradiotherapy in @entity0 of @entity5 . A 53-year-old @entity0 underwent esophagogas-troduodenoscopy because of @entity3 for several months. Endoscopic examination revealed a huge pedunculated esophageal polypoid mass. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed and histopathologic examination confirmed @entity2 ( @entity8 ). He refused additional esophagectomy. After 21 months, third follow-up endoscopy showed poorly-demarcated flat, faint discolored lesions at different location from the previous ESD site and endoscopic biopsies confirmed @entity4 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of metachronous development of @entity5 in a @entity0 with @entity6 . (Korean J Gastroenterol 2014;64:364-369).

title: A case of metachronous development of @entity5 in the @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 is a rare @entity1 consisting of both @entity7 , with an incidence of 0.5%. There have been only a few case reports of @entity8 and @entity4 coexisting in the esophagus. However, all of these are cases of synchronous or metachronous development of @entity8 after chemoradiotherapy in @entity0 of @entity5 . A 53-year-old @entity0 underwent esophagogas-troduodenoscopy because of @entity3 for several months. Endoscopic examination revealed a huge pedunculated esophageal polypoid mass. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed and histopathologic examination confirmed @entity2 ( @entity8 ). He refused additional esophagectomy. After 21 months, third follow-up endoscopy showed poorly-demarcated flat, faint discolored lesions at different location from the previous ESD site and endoscopic biopsies confirmed @entity4 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of metachronous development of @entity5 in a @entity0 with @entity6 . (Korean J Gastroenterol 2014;64:364-369).

title: A case of metachronous development of @entity5 in the XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the diagnostic value of single-source dual-energy spectral CT (sDECT) imaging in an @entity2 (SMAE) @entity0 model. METHODS: Pre-contrast and double-phase contrast-enhanced sDECT were performed before and after embolization in eight SMAE @entity0 models. Monochromatic images of embolized intestine with the best contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were obtained and compared with the polychromatic images. CT parameters including attenuation value, @entity1 content, water content and thickness of the embolized intestinal segments were obtained, and normalized difference in @entity1 concentration (NDIC) was calculated. RESULTS: The CNR in pre-contrast, arterial phase and portal venous phase at 4   h after embolization was 1.11        1.23, 13.50        1.54 and 10.63        3.75, respectively, significantly higher than those of the polychromatic images (p   <   0.05). The @entity1 -based images clearly revealed the embolized intestinal segments, which were highly consistent with the gross findings. The difference in attenuation values between the embolization area and non-embolization area in the monochromatic images was 105.06        35.35   HU, higher than that in the polychromatic images (p   <   0.001). The attenuation values and NDIC were significantly decreased at 2   h after embolization, relatively increased at 4   h and gradually decreased at 6 and 8   h. The changing pattern of thickness was similar to that of NDIC over time after embolization. CONCLUSION: sDECT can provide the optimal monochromatic images and allow increased detection rates of lesions. sDECT is a very promising tool for quantitative diagnosis of SMAE. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Our research provides more quantitative parameters for the assessment of SMAE by sDECT.

title: Imaging of XXXX using spectral CT in a @entity0 model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the diagnostic value of single-source dual-energy spectral CT (sDECT) imaging in an @entity2 (SMAE) @entity0 model. METHODS: Pre-contrast and double-phase contrast-enhanced sDECT were performed before and after embolization in eight SMAE @entity0 models. Monochromatic images of embolized intestine with the best contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were obtained and compared with the polychromatic images. CT parameters including attenuation value, @entity1 content, water content and thickness of the embolized intestinal segments were obtained, and normalized difference in @entity1 concentration (NDIC) was calculated. RESULTS: The CNR in pre-contrast, arterial phase and portal venous phase at 4   h after embolization was 1.11        1.23, 13.50        1.54 and 10.63        3.75, respectively, significantly higher than those of the polychromatic images (p   <   0.05). The @entity1 -based images clearly revealed the embolized intestinal segments, which were highly consistent with the gross findings. The difference in attenuation values between the embolization area and non-embolization area in the monochromatic images was 105.06        35.35   HU, higher than that in the polychromatic images (p   <   0.001). The attenuation values and NDIC were significantly decreased at 2   h after embolization, relatively increased at 4   h and gradually decreased at 6 and 8   h. The changing pattern of thickness was similar to that of NDIC over time after embolization. CONCLUSION: sDECT can provide the optimal monochromatic images and allow increased detection rates of lesions. sDECT is a very promising tool for quantitative diagnosis of SMAE. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Our research provides more quantitative parameters for the assessment of SMAE by sDECT.

title: Imaging of @entity2 using spectral CT in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Six @entity0 who had been operated upon for @entity3 with patch grafting between 1958 and 1960 were followed for a minimum of 17 years. One of these @entity0 received an aortic homograft patch for an @entity4 and was in excellent health 21 years later. An aortogram showed no @entity2 formation. One other @entity0 was reoperated upon 1 month after the primary operation because of a @entity5 . The remaining four @entity0 received either a Dacron graft (three @entity0 ) or an Orlon graft (one @entity0 ), and they all developed an @entity2 in the aortic wall opposite the patch graft. Three of these @entity0 successfully reoperated upon, but the fourth @entity0 died 17 years after patch grafting because of rupture of the @entity2 . Microscopy (in three @entity0 ) showed varying degrees of degenerative changes in the aortic wall opposite the patch. There was no evidence of @entity1 or foreign body reaction in these parts of the aortic walls. The @entity2 develop after patch grafting probably is that part of the circumference is replaced by a material with tensile characteristics differing from those of the aorta itself. Repair of @entity3 with synthetic patches therefore cannot be recommended.

title: Long-term results after repair of XXXX by patch grafting.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Asymptomatic bacterial colonization of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is widespread and increases the risk of clinical @entity3 . The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of bacterial colonization of generator pockets in @entity0 without signs of @entity3 and to analyze the relationship with @entity6 and risk factors. From June 2011 to December 2012, 78 @entity0 underwent CIED replacement or upgrade. Exclusion criteria included a clinical diagnosis of @entity3 , @entity7 , or @entity5 . All @entity0 were examined for evidence of bacterial 16S rDNA on the device and in the surrounding tissues. Infection cases were recorded during follow-up. The bacterial-positive rate was 38.5% (30 cases); the coagulase-negative @entity4 detection rate was the highest (9 cases, 11.5%). Positive bacterial DNA results were obtained from pocket tissue in 23.1% of @entity0 (18 cases), and bacterial DNA was detected on the device in 29.5% of @entity0 (23 cases). During follow-up (median 24.6 months), two @entity0 (6.7%, 2/30) became symptomatic with the same species of microorganism, @entity4 and @entity9 . Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that the history of @entity8 , use of antibiotics, application of antiplatelet drugs, replacement frequency, and @entity2 were independent risk factors for asymptomatic bacterial colonization.

title: Genetic identification and risk factor analysis of asymptomatic bacterial colonization on XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the application of Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) to assess joint involvement in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Methods. Sixty-nine @entity3 @entity0 , complaining of joint symptoms, and 44 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 were enrolled. In @entity3 @entity0 disease activity was assessed with SLEDAI-2K. DAS28 was calculated in all the @entity0 . Results. Thirty @entity3 @entity0 (43.5%) showed clinical signs of @entity2 . Mean DAS28 was 4.0    1.4, 22 @entity0 (31.9%) had low disease activity, 29 (42.0%) moderate, and 18 (26.1%) high. We dichotomized @entity3 @entity0 according to the presence (Group 1) or absence (Group 2) of articular involvement according to SLEDAI-2K: 56.3% of the @entity0 of the second group had a moderate/high activity according to DAS28. We compared @entity3 @entity0 with 44 @entity1 @entity0 (M/F 9/35, mean age 55.6    14.5 years; mean disease duration 140.4    105.6 months). No significant differences were found regarding the values of DAS28 between @entity3 and @entity1 @entity0 . On the contrary, the values of tender and swollen joint count were significantly higher in @entity1 compared to @entity3 @entity0 (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.0001, resp.). Conclusions. We suggest the use of the DAS28 in the assessment of joint involvement in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: The role of disease activity score 28 in the evaluation of articular involvement in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To obtain maxillary anterior tooth dimension and proportion values for the Central Chinese population and to evaluate the existence of sexual dimorphism, any consistent relationships between the tooth ratios, and the presence of golden proportions. METHODS: Tooth dimensions and proportions of six @entity2 were recorded on gypsum casts obtained from 147 subjects (82 @entity0 and 65 @entity0 ). Of these, 115 casts were digitally photographed in a standardised manner and apparent width values for six @entity2 were recorded for golden proportion analysis. Existence of sexual dimorphism, any consistent width/height ratio and golden proportions were statistically analysed. One-sample t-test, two-sample t-test, and paired t-test were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between measurements on the right and left side. Sexual dimorphism existed for various tooth dimensions. There was no statistically significant difference for width/height ratios between the two genders for central incisor and lateral incisor. However, @entity1 showed a statistically significant difference. The golden proportion guideline was not applicable for this population. CONCLUSION: The @entity2 dimensions were significantly greater for @entity0 than @entity0 ; however, the mean difference was small (< 0.2 mm) and may not be clinically significant. The golden proportion, or any recurring @entity2 proportions, was not found for the population. There was a significant difference in width/height ratio of @entity1 between the genders, confirming its greatest gender-based morphological difference.

title: XXXX and proportions in a central mainland chinese population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Incidence and distribution of lymph node @entity1 were examined in 100 gastrectomy specimens with 104 primary @entity4 . Special emphasis was placed on the correlation with the location of the @entity2 and its size as well as the depth of infiltration and the @entity2 histology. @entity3 with a diameter of up to 6 cm had lymph node @entity1 while this was the case in 83% of larger @entity2 . Infiltration of the muscularis propria only was associated with a 23% incidence of lymphogeneous @entity1 . This figure rose to 75% if the @entity2 reached the subserosa. @entity3 of the diffuse (Lauren) or infiltrating (Ming) type show @entity1 more frequently (83% and 81% respectively) than those of the intestinal or expansive type (58%). In addition, several regions of lymphatic drainage are more frequently involved with the diffuse type. In only 2 @entity0 (2% of all @entity0 or 3% of the @entity0 with lymphogeneous @entity1 ) skipping of lymph nodes could be observed. In all other @entity0 distant lymph nodes showed @entity1 only if the perigastric nodes next to the @entity2 were involved also. These findings support a differentiated, stage- and histology-dependent surgery.

title: [Typical and non-typical lymphogenic spread of XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Oral @entity4 is uncommon, comprising less than 1% of all @entity4 . Consequently, few cases have been reported from any one institution. We report 10 cases of @entity4 seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1905 and 1979. The site of the @entity1 was the hard palate in 4 @entity0 , the soft palate in 2 @entity0 , the lower alveolus in 2 @entity0 , and the upper alveolus and the retromolar trigone in 1 @entity0 each. Eight of these @entity1 occurred in @entity0 , and 8 @entity0 were older than 60 years of age. Presenting symptoms were a pigmented mass in 9 @entity0 , @entity3 in 5 @entity0 , and @entity5 in 3 @entity0 . In 4 @entity0 , the @entity1 occurred in an area of preexisting @entity6 . The treatment of choice in this disease is surgery; it is the only form of therapy with curative potential. Radiation therapy produced @entity1 regression in one @entity0 in whom the @entity1 was considered inoperable, although there was no effect on eventual survival. Chemotherapy was ineffective in producing @entity1 regression. The prognosis of @entity0 who have @entity4 is dismal; the median survival time in this series was 16 months after diagnosis. Early diagnosis of @entity2 in the mouth and adequate @entity1 resection may improve the prognosis in this disease; however, once the @entity1 recurs, there is essentially no possibility of prolonged survival.

title: XXXX of the oral cavity: review of 10 cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 with inflammatory @entity4 have an increased risk of developing @entity2 . However, outcomes of surgical revascularization in these @entity0 have been rarely studied. We aimed to determine whether, or which, inflammatory @entity4 may pose effects on mortality and adverse cardiac outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: By using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, we identified 40,639 adult @entity0 who underwent first-time coronary artery bypass grafting between 2000 and 2010. Among these @entity0 , 101 had @entity1 , 56 had @entity5 , and 73 had @entity6 . The odds ratios (ORs) of operative mortality and hazard ratios (HRs) of overall mortality and adverse cardiac outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (ie, @entity3 and repeat revascularization) in relation to @entity1 , @entity5 , and @entity6 were estimated. RESULTS: With adjustment for potential confounders including @entity0 characteristics, hospital levels, and combined surgery, @entity5 was an independent predictor for operative mortality (adjusted OR, 2.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-6.65; P  =  .04) and @entity6 was marginally associated with operative mortality (adjusted OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 0.99-5.88; P  =  .054). @entity5 was a significantly independent predictor for overall mortality during the follow-up period (adjusted HR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.51-3.31; P  <  .0001) and might increase the risk of repeat revascularization (adjusted HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 0.97-3.68; P  =  .06). Neither @entity1 nor @entity6 was significantly associated with overall mortality and adverse cardiac outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our study may help surgeons and physicians recognize the potential risks inherent to @entity5 and @entity6 when conducting coronary artery bypass grafting and providing follow-up care.

title: Outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting in @entity0 with inflammatory XXXX : An 11-year nationwide cohort study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 with inflammatory @entity4 have an increased risk of developing @entity2 . However, outcomes of surgical revascularization in these @entity0 have been rarely studied. We aimed to determine whether, or which, inflammatory @entity4 may pose effects on mortality and adverse cardiac outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: By using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, we identified 40,639 adult @entity0 who underwent first-time coronary artery bypass grafting between 2000 and 2010. Among these @entity0 , 101 had @entity1 , 56 had @entity5 , and 73 had @entity6 . The odds ratios (ORs) of operative mortality and hazard ratios (HRs) of overall mortality and adverse cardiac outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (ie, @entity3 and repeat revascularization) in relation to @entity1 , @entity5 , and @entity6 were estimated. RESULTS: With adjustment for potential confounders including @entity0 characteristics, hospital levels, and combined surgery, @entity5 was an independent predictor for operative mortality (adjusted OR, 2.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-6.65; P  =  .04) and @entity6 was marginally associated with operative mortality (adjusted OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 0.99-5.88; P  =  .054). @entity5 was a significantly independent predictor for overall mortality during the follow-up period (adjusted HR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.51-3.31; P  <  .0001) and might increase the risk of repeat revascularization (adjusted HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 0.97-3.68; P  =  .06). Neither @entity1 nor @entity6 was significantly associated with overall mortality and adverse cardiac outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our study may help surgeons and physicians recognize the potential risks inherent to @entity5 and @entity6 when conducting coronary artery bypass grafting and providing follow-up care.

title: Outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting in XXXX with inflammatory @entity4 : An 11-year nationwide cohort study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Traditional cranioplasty methods focus on pre-operative or intraoperative hand molding. Recently, CT-guided @entity4 (PEEK) plate reconstruction enables precise, time-saving reconstruction. This case series aims to show a single institution experience with use of PEEK cranioplasty as an effective, safe, precise, reusable, and time-saving cranioplasty technique in large, @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a 6-year retrospective review of cranioplasty procedures performed at our affiliated hospitals using PEEK implants. A total of nineteen @entity0 underwent twenty-two cranioplasty procedures. Pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative data was collected. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity0 underwent twenty-two procedures. Time interval from injury to loss of primary cranioplasty averaged 57.7 months (0-336  mo); 4.0 months (n  =  10, range 0-19) in cases of @entity2 . Time interval from primary cranioplasty loss to PEEK cranioplasty was 11.8 months for @entity3 (n  =  11, range 6-25  mo), 12.2 months for @entity2 (n  =  5, range 2-27  mo), and 0.3 months for cosmetic or functional reconstructions (n  =  3, range 0-1). Similar surgical techniques were used in all @entity0 . Drains were placed in 11/22 procedures. Varying techniques were used in skin closure, including adjacent tissue transfer (4/22) and free tissue transfer (1/22). The PEEK plate required modification in four procedures. Three @entity0 had reoperation following PEEK plate reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Cranioplasty utilizing CT-guided PEEK plate allows easy inset, anatomic accuracy, mirror image aesthetics, simplification of complex 3D defects, and potential time savings. Additionally, it's easily manipulated in the operating room, and can be easily re-utilized in cases of intraoperative course changes or @entity3 .

title: Computed-tomography modeled XXXX ( @entity4 ) implants in revision cranioplasty.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Traditional cranioplasty methods focus on pre-operative or intraoperative hand molding. Recently, CT-guided @entity4 (PEEK) plate reconstruction enables precise, time-saving reconstruction. This case series aims to show a single institution experience with use of PEEK cranioplasty as an effective, safe, precise, reusable, and time-saving cranioplasty technique in large, @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a 6-year retrospective review of cranioplasty procedures performed at our affiliated hospitals using PEEK implants. A total of nineteen @entity0 underwent twenty-two cranioplasty procedures. Pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative data was collected. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity0 underwent twenty-two procedures. Time interval from injury to loss of primary cranioplasty averaged 57.7 months (0-336  mo); 4.0 months (n  =  10, range 0-19) in cases of @entity2 . Time interval from primary cranioplasty loss to PEEK cranioplasty was 11.8 months for @entity3 (n  =  11, range 6-25  mo), 12.2 months for @entity2 (n  =  5, range 2-27  mo), and 0.3 months for cosmetic or functional reconstructions (n  =  3, range 0-1). Similar surgical techniques were used in all @entity0 . Drains were placed in 11/22 procedures. Varying techniques were used in skin closure, including adjacent tissue transfer (4/22) and free tissue transfer (1/22). The PEEK plate required modification in four procedures. Three @entity0 had reoperation following PEEK plate reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Cranioplasty utilizing CT-guided PEEK plate allows easy inset, anatomic accuracy, mirror image aesthetics, simplification of complex 3D defects, and potential time savings. Additionally, it's easily manipulated in the operating room, and can be easily re-utilized in cases of intraoperative course changes or @entity3 .

title: Computed-tomography modeled @entity4 ( XXXX ) implants in revision cranioplasty.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Tumor @entity0 is the biggest challenge in @entity1 therapy. During the @entity0 process, metastatic cells could acquire stealth ability toward immune system through the formation of a protection cloak by hijacking platelets (PTs). Heparins, a heterogeneous mixture of glycosaminoglycans, can inhibit metastatic cascades by blocking P-selectin-mediated intercellular adhesion between @entity1 cells and PTs. In this study, low-molecular-weight heparin-coated doxorubicin-loaded liposome (LMWH-DOX-Lip) was developed for @entity0 preventative therapy. The formation of LMWH-DOX-Lip was based on electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged heparins and cationic lipids. LMWH-DOX-Lip prepared at the optimum prescription possessed high entrapment efficiency, ideal particle size and zeta potential. Morphology of LMWH-DOX-Lip was characterized by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results of confocal microscopic observations and flow cytometry analysis indicated that LMWH-DOX-Lip mediated an efficient cellular uptake in @entity2 @entity3 cell line. Besides, LMWH-DOX-Lip displayed an increased cytotoxic over their unmodified counterparts. Furthermore, the inhibition effect of LMWH-DOX-Lip on adhesion between @entity1 cells and PTs/P-selectin was observed. In vivo study performed on a @entity3 @entity2 model revealed a substantially @entity1 @entity0 prevention by LMWH-DOX-Lip. All these results suggested that LMWH-DOX-Lip could significantly inhibit @entity0 through preventing the @entity1 cell-platelet interactions and in the meantime suppressed @entity1 growth.

title: A low-molecular-weight heparin-coated doxorubicin-liposome for the prevention of XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Tumor @entity0 is the biggest challenge in @entity1 therapy. During the @entity0 process, metastatic cells could acquire stealth ability toward immune system through the formation of a protection cloak by hijacking platelets (PTs). Heparins, a heterogeneous mixture of glycosaminoglycans, can inhibit metastatic cascades by blocking P-selectin-mediated intercellular adhesion between @entity1 cells and PTs. In this study, low-molecular-weight heparin-coated doxorubicin-loaded liposome (LMWH-DOX-Lip) was developed for @entity0 preventative therapy. The formation of LMWH-DOX-Lip was based on electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged heparins and cationic lipids. LMWH-DOX-Lip prepared at the optimum prescription possessed high entrapment efficiency, ideal particle size and zeta potential. Morphology of LMWH-DOX-Lip was characterized by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results of confocal microscopic observations and flow cytometry analysis indicated that LMWH-DOX-Lip mediated an efficient cellular uptake in @entity2 @entity3 cell line. Besides, LMWH-DOX-Lip displayed an increased cytotoxic over their unmodified counterparts. Furthermore, the inhibition effect of LMWH-DOX-Lip on adhesion between @entity1 cells and PTs/P-selectin was observed. In vivo study performed on a @entity3 @entity2 model revealed a substantially @entity1 @entity0 prevention by LMWH-DOX-Lip. All these results suggested that LMWH-DOX-Lip could significantly inhibit @entity0 through preventing the @entity1 cell-platelet interactions and in the meantime suppressed @entity1 growth.

title: A low-molecular-weight heparin-coated doxorubicin-liposome for the prevention of @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cigarette smoking is common among adults with @entity5 . The primary objective of this study was to determine the period prevalence of smoking in @entity0 with @entity5 . A secondary objective was to determine the prevalence of smoking among @entity0 with commonly occurring @entity2 diagnoses including @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity1 . METHODS: This population study included 5350 @entity0 (1256 smokers, 4094 nonsmokers) admitted to the Mayo @entity2 Rehabilitation Center from January 1998 through December 2012. Smoking status was determined using a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS: During the 15  year study period, the overall prevalence of smoking was 23.5  % (95  % CI 22.4 - 24.6). The prevalence of smoking in 2000, 2005, and 2010 was 24.2, 25.7, and 28.3  % respectively. The overall prevalence of smoking in @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity1 was 25.2  % (95  % CI 22.8 - 28.3), 22.8  % (95  % CI 21.3 - 25.9), and 21.2  % (95  % CI 17.9 - 24.7), respectively. In a multiple variable logistic model adjusted for age and sex, opioid use was significantly associated with status as a current smoker. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of smoking in @entity0 with @entity5 has not declined when compared to the general population. The higher prevalence of smoking was consistently observed in commonly occurring @entity2 diagnoses including @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity1 . Further research is needed to identify the potential factors that contribute to the high prevalence of smoking in this @entity0 population.

title: Prevalence of smoking in adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Many studies have clearly linked exposure to @entity1 ( @entity1 ) to various somatic diseases, however, few studies have examined the relationship between @entity1 and @entity0 and those that have were only conducted with specific groups. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between @entity1 exposure and @entity0 among Chinese residents in both worksites and public places. METHODS: A cross-sectional multistage sampling design was used to interview subjects from 21 selected cities in China. Using a standardized questionnaire including demographic characteristics, @entity1 exposure, and mental health information was collected. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between @entity1 exposure and @entity0 . RESULTS: Sixteen-thousand-eight-hundred-sixty-six valid questionnaires were collected and utilized in this study. Of 11,206 non-smokers, @entity1 exposure prevalence in workplaces and public places were respectively 78.4  % (95  % C.I.:74.3-82.5  %) and 80.7  % (95  % C.I.:74.6-86.5  %). Multiple logistic regressions showed @entity1 exposures in these venues were positively related to @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings further support the health hazards of @entity1 exposure. Findings underscore the importance of controlling @entity1 exposure, and can be used to inform future @entity1 control policies and reinforce the need for public education in China.

title: Second hand smoke exposure in public venues and XXXX : a representative nationwide study of China.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Antrodia camphorata is a rare Taiwanese medicinal mushroom. Antrodia camphorata extract has been reported to exhibit antioxidant, anti- @entity0 , antimetastasis, and anticancer activities and plays a role in liver @entity2 , vasorelaxation, and immunomodulation. @entity0 leads to @entity5 and @entity1 , including @entity10 , @entity3 , and @entity9 . Platelet activation plays a crucial role in intravascular @entity8 , which is involved in a wide variety of @entity1 . However, the effect of Antrodia camphorata on platelet activation remains unclear. We examined the effects of Antrodia camphorata on platelet activation. In the present study, Antrodia camphorata treatment (56-224    g/mL) inhibited @entity12 induced by collagen, but not @entity15 , an analogue of @entity14 , thrombin, and @entity13 . Antrodia camphorata inhibited collagen-induced @entity6 ( @entity4 ) mobilization and phosphorylation of @entity16 ( @entity16 ) and @entity7 . In addition, Antrodia camphorata significantly reduced the aggregation and phosphorylation of @entity16 in @entity17 ( @entity18 ) activated platelets. In conclusion, Antrodia camphorata may inhibit platelet activation by inhibiting of @entity4 and @entity16 cascade and the @entity7 pathway. Our study suggests that Antrodia camphorata may be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing or treating @entity11 .

title: Effect of Antrodia camphorata on Inflammatory Arterial XXXX -Mediated Platelet Activation: The Pivotal Role of Protein Kinase C.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Thermal ablation is a minimally invasive @entity0 treatment which has been rapidly gaining clinical acceptance. It is well known that thermal ablation increases the acoustic attenuation and shear modulus of tissue. In this work, we examine changes to the spatial distribution of scatterers in liver tissue following thermal ablation. Acoustic scatterers within liver tissue have frequently been modeled as pseudo-periodic. The positions of pseudo-periodic scatterers have been Gamma distributed along the beam dimension, and these scatterers are characterized by their @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Prior work have demonstrated significant changes in @entity5 due to diffuse @entity3 , such as @entity4 progressing to @entity1 . However, relatively few results have been reported regarding changes in @entity5 following thermal ablation. In this study, we estimated @entity5 in ex vivo @entity2 liver by detecting local maxima in spectral coherence functions calculated using Thomson's multi-taper method. We examined a large number of uncorrelated regions of interest recorded from five normal @entity2 livers (~300 images from each animal). We also examined a large number of ROI's from five @entity2 livers following thermal coagulation. All @entity2 livers were obtained from a commercial meat production facility immediately following animal sacrifice and imaged within 12 hours. Thermal coagulation was induced by heating liver in saline water baths at 80   C for 45 minutes. For normal, unheated liver an @entity5 of approximately 1.5 mm was estimated. Following thermal ablation, an @entity5 of approximately 0.5 mm in thermally coagulated tissue was obtained. Frequently, studies estimating @entity5 in liver tissue provide an @entity5 estimate regardless of the state of tissue. Authors rarely present what their @entity5 estimation algorithm would produce if it were applied to tissue which is better modeled as a collection of uniformly, randomly distributed scatterers lacking periodicity. In this study, we found that thermal coagulation results in a loss of periodicity. The @entity5 of 0.5 mm corresponds to the value that a spectral coherence-based @entity5 algorithm would produce if presented with a signal that was generated from uniform, randomly distributed scatterers.

title: Alterations in Ultrasound Scattering Following Thermal Ablation in ex vivo XXXX Liver.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The prevalence of @entity2 as a marker of @entity5 was studied in a group of juvenile @entity1 with long-standing disease, aged 20-58 years (mean 36). No @entity0 had clinical evidence of @entity7 . The study was carried out employing the most simple techniques and routine equipment. Resting heart rate, beta-to-beat variation, Valsalva ratio, systolic blood pressure in supine position and immediately after standing were measured. The results were compared with those determined in an age and sex-matched population. Beat-to-beat variation test appeared to be the most sensitive technique in detecting an impaired autonomic function (12/54 = 22.2%). Resting @entity4 was found in 10 @entity0 and @entity3 in 6. Only 1 @entity0 had an abnormal Valsalva ratio associated with @entity3 and reduced beta-to-beat variation. In agreement with previous studies our data confirm that @entity6 is frequent in asymptomatic @entity1 . The methods to detect these abnormalities are easy to perform. Therefore they may be routinely used as screening tests in the @entity1 population.

title: Abnormal cardiovascular reflexes in juvenile @entity1 as preclinical signs of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The prevalence of @entity2 as a marker of @entity5 was studied in a group of juvenile @entity1 with long-standing disease, aged 20-58 years (mean 36). No @entity0 had clinical evidence of @entity7 . The study was carried out employing the most simple techniques and routine equipment. Resting heart rate, beta-to-beat variation, Valsalva ratio, systolic blood pressure in supine position and immediately after standing were measured. The results were compared with those determined in an age and sex-matched population. Beat-to-beat variation test appeared to be the most sensitive technique in detecting an impaired autonomic function (12/54 = 22.2%). Resting @entity4 was found in 10 @entity0 and @entity3 in 6. Only 1 @entity0 had an abnormal Valsalva ratio associated with @entity3 and reduced beta-to-beat variation. In agreement with previous studies our data confirm that @entity6 is frequent in asymptomatic @entity1 . The methods to detect these abnormalities are easy to perform. Therefore they may be routinely used as screening tests in the @entity1 population.

title: Abnormal cardiovascular reflexes in juvenile XXXX as preclinical signs of @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of M-mode echocardiography (M-mode) and of 201Thallium myocardial scintigraphy (201T1) to detect transient @entity4 at rest in @entity0 . Fourteen male @entity0 (pts) were studied by the two techniques under basal conditions and during episodes of @entity5 at rest. Data were obtained in 2 pts in rapid succession during the same episode, in the remaining 12 pts in different episodes with electrocardiographic changes similar in site, type, entity and duration. Echocardiographic criteria of transient @entity1 (reversible asynergies and transient reduction of systolic thickening) were present in 9/11 pts during episodes of ST segment elevation; the scintigraphic ones (reversible perfusion defects) in 10/11 pts. In 3 pts during episodes of @entity3 M-mode was positive in 2, 201T1 in all three. The poor acoustic window in 2 pts and the involvement in one of left ventricular lateral wall not seen by M-mode on parasternal approach, may account for the 3 false negatives of M-mode. The single false negative of 201T1 can be related to the short duration (1') of the episode. A complete correspondence of site of @entity1 , detected by ECG, M-mode and T1, was observed. In conclusion, M-mode appears a reliable technique for detecting transient @entity1 episodes, being the main limits the acoustic window and the incapacity in exploring all ventricular walls and the main advantage the high temporal resolution, which permits to study continuously the full sequence of the @entity1 event. On the other hand 201T1 does not allow detection of episodes of short duration. This two techniques, when combined in anginal @entity0 , provide complementary information on perfusion and contraction respectively. The reliability of these techniques in the assessment of transient @entity4 is the basis for their possible diagnostic use in pts with transient specific ECG changes or with typical @entity2 without ECG evidence of @entity1 .

title: [Comparison between M-mode echocardiography and 201thallium myocardial scintigraphy for diagnosis of transient XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The long-term antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of @entity3 160 mg slow-release + @entity2 20 mg was studied in 40 out- @entity0 with mild to moderate essential @entity1 followed during one year with monthly clinical visits. The fixed combination was given at the dosage of 1 tablet once daily, in the morning, increasing to 1 tablet b.i.d. in case of lying diastolic blood pressure greater than 95 mmHg. After one year only 9 @entity0 were on 1 tablet b.i.d., the others remaining on 1 tablet once daily regimen. Clear-cut antihypertensive effect was already evident after the 1st month of treatment. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure further decreased after two months (p less than 0.01) showing then a constant trend to decrease till the 6th month; afterwards blood pressure values remained unchanged. Normalization of blood pressure was obtained in 63%, 73% and 80% of the @entity0 , respectively after 1, 6 and 12 months of treatment. Laboratory data did not show significant changes. Only 3 @entity0 complained of unwanted effects which were mild, transient and in no case compelled to interrupt the treatment. Results confirm that the fixed combination of @entity3 160 mg slow-release + @entity2 20 mg is able to long term control mild to moderate @entity1 with a good tolerability, thus allowing an improved @entity0 compliance.

title: One year efficacy and tolerability of @entity3 slow-release and XXXX on fixed combination in mild to moderate @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The long-term antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of @entity3 160 mg slow-release + @entity2 20 mg was studied in 40 out- @entity0 with mild to moderate essential @entity1 followed during one year with monthly clinical visits. The fixed combination was given at the dosage of 1 tablet once daily, in the morning, increasing to 1 tablet b.i.d. in case of lying diastolic blood pressure greater than 95 mmHg. After one year only 9 @entity0 were on 1 tablet b.i.d., the others remaining on 1 tablet once daily regimen. Clear-cut antihypertensive effect was already evident after the 1st month of treatment. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure further decreased after two months (p less than 0.01) showing then a constant trend to decrease till the 6th month; afterwards blood pressure values remained unchanged. Normalization of blood pressure was obtained in 63%, 73% and 80% of the @entity0 , respectively after 1, 6 and 12 months of treatment. Laboratory data did not show significant changes. Only 3 @entity0 complained of unwanted effects which were mild, transient and in no case compelled to interrupt the treatment. Results confirm that the fixed combination of @entity3 160 mg slow-release + @entity2 20 mg is able to long term control mild to moderate @entity1 with a good tolerability, thus allowing an improved @entity0 compliance.

title: One year efficacy and tolerability of @entity3 slow-release and @entity2 on fixed combination in mild to moderate XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The long-term antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of @entity3 160 mg slow-release + @entity2 20 mg was studied in 40 out- @entity0 with mild to moderate essential @entity1 followed during one year with monthly clinical visits. The fixed combination was given at the dosage of 1 tablet once daily, in the morning, increasing to 1 tablet b.i.d. in case of lying diastolic blood pressure greater than 95 mmHg. After one year only 9 @entity0 were on 1 tablet b.i.d., the others remaining on 1 tablet once daily regimen. Clear-cut antihypertensive effect was already evident after the 1st month of treatment. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure further decreased after two months (p less than 0.01) showing then a constant trend to decrease till the 6th month; afterwards blood pressure values remained unchanged. Normalization of blood pressure was obtained in 63%, 73% and 80% of the @entity0 , respectively after 1, 6 and 12 months of treatment. Laboratory data did not show significant changes. Only 3 @entity0 complained of unwanted effects which were mild, transient and in no case compelled to interrupt the treatment. Results confirm that the fixed combination of @entity3 160 mg slow-release + @entity2 20 mg is able to long term control mild to moderate @entity1 with a good tolerability, thus allowing an improved @entity0 compliance.

title: One year efficacy and tolerability of XXXX slow-release and @entity2 on fixed combination in mild to moderate @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to second-hand smoke affected the six-minute walk test (6MWT) of @entity1 non-asthmatic pediatric cases. METHODS: Obese pediatric @entity0 (body mass index >95th p) with no existing co-morbidities were included in the study. Smoke exposure was assessed with a self-reported questionnaire completed by the parents. The subjects were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisting of @entity1 @entity0 exposed to passive smoking and Group 2 of @entity1 @entity0 not exposed to passive smoking. In addition to 6MWT, spirometric flow and volume, including forced expiratory volume in 1 s and peak expiratory flow rate, were also measured in all subjects. The results of the 6MWT were assessed to determine any association with passive smoking. RESULTS: The study included 75 @entity1 pediatric cases (40 male, 35 female) with a mean age of 9.06  0.97 years. The 6MWT results in Group 1 was 501.88  62.12 meters and in Group 2 559.63  72.93 meters. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Passive smoking may negatively affect the respiratory and cardiovascular capacity in @entity1 @entity0 , who are already at risk of lower cardiopulmonary function. The evaluation of 6MWT in these pediatric @entity0 may be useful for monitoring and families should be warned about potential problems due to smoking.

title: The effects of passive smoking on the six-minute walk test in XXXX pediatric cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and to compare the reliability of different b-values in detecting and identifying significant @entity2 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: There were 44 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the study group and 30 healthy @entity0 in the control group. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) was performed before the liver biopsy in @entity0 with @entity3 . The values of ADC were measured with 3 different b-values (100, 600, 1,000 s/ @entity1 ). In addition, @entity2 was classified using the modified Ishak scoring system. @entity2 stages and ADC values were compared using areas under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: The study group's mean ADC value was not statistically significantly different from the control group's mean ADC value at b = 100 s/ @entity1 (3.69    0.5 * 10-3 vs. 3.7    0.3 * 10-3 @entity1 /s) and b = 600 s/ @entity1 (2.40    0.3 * 10-3 vs. 2.5    0.5 * 10-3 @entity1 /s). However, the study group's mean ADC value (0.99    0.3 * 10-3 @entity1 /s) was significantly lower than that of the control group (1.2    0.1 * 10-3 @entity1 /s) at b = 1,000 s/ @entity1 . With b = 1,000 s/ @entity1 and the cutoff ADC value of 0.0011 @entity1 /s for the diagnosis of @entity2 , the mean area under the ROC curve was 0.702    0.07 (p = 0.0015). For b = 1,000 s/ @entity1 and the cutoff ADC value of 0.0011 @entity1 /s to diagnose significant @entity2 (Ishak score = 3), the mean area under the ROC curve was 0.759    0.07 (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Measurement of ADC values by DWI was effective in detecting @entity2 and accurately identifying significant @entity2 when a b-value of 1,000 s/ @entity1 was used.

title: Assessment of XXXX with Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Different b-values in @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and to compare the reliability of different b-values in detecting and identifying significant @entity2 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: There were 44 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the study group and 30 healthy @entity0 in the control group. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) was performed before the liver biopsy in @entity0 with @entity3 . The values of ADC were measured with 3 different b-values (100, 600, 1,000 s/ @entity1 ). In addition, @entity2 was classified using the modified Ishak scoring system. @entity2 stages and ADC values were compared using areas under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: The study group's mean ADC value was not statistically significantly different from the control group's mean ADC value at b = 100 s/ @entity1 (3.69    0.5 * 10-3 vs. 3.7    0.3 * 10-3 @entity1 /s) and b = 600 s/ @entity1 (2.40    0.3 * 10-3 vs. 2.5    0.5 * 10-3 @entity1 /s). However, the study group's mean ADC value (0.99    0.3 * 10-3 @entity1 /s) was significantly lower than that of the control group (1.2    0.1 * 10-3 @entity1 /s) at b = 1,000 s/ @entity1 . With b = 1,000 s/ @entity1 and the cutoff ADC value of 0.0011 @entity1 /s for the diagnosis of @entity2 , the mean area under the ROC curve was 0.702    0.07 (p = 0.0015). For b = 1,000 s/ @entity1 and the cutoff ADC value of 0.0011 @entity1 /s to diagnose significant @entity2 (Ishak score = 3), the mean area under the ROC curve was 0.759    0.07 (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Measurement of ADC values by DWI was effective in detecting @entity2 and accurately identifying significant @entity2 when a b-value of 1,000 s/ @entity1 was used.

title: Assessment of @entity2 with Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Different b-values in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Six acute traumatic hip dislocations in pediatric @entity0 were retrospectively analyzed. @entity4 , associated lesions, treatment methods, complications, and clinical and radiological outcomes were reviewed. METHODS: Six @entity0 @entity0 treated due to traumatic @entity2 between 2007 and 2011 in our clinic were included in the study. While five of the @entity0 were male, one was female; the average age was 8 years and 8 months. The mean follow-up was 25.2  10 months. There were posterior dislocations in five cases and transepiphyseal @entity1 in one case. Four cases were treated by closed reduction while two cases were treated with open reduction method. RESULTS: In the last control of the @entity0 , asymmetric widening in the hip joint was found due to @entity1 in one @entity0 and @entity5 occurred in one @entity0 . @entity3 developed in one case with transepiphyseal @entity1 . Harris hip score evaluation was found excellent in five cases and bad in the case with @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Traumatic @entity2 is a rare condition. It should be treated with preferably closed method as soon as possible. @entity6 trials should be avoided. Open reduction should be performed to recognize accompanying lesions after advanced radiologic examinations such as computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

title: Treatment and results in pediatric traumatic XXXX : Case series and review of the literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative efficacy of ranibizumab (RBZ) monotherapy or combined with laser (RBZ + Laser) versus laser monotherapy for the treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: A comprehensive literature search using PUBMED, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Library to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing RBZ or RBZ + Laser to laser monotherapy in @entity0 with @entity4 . Efficacy estimates were determined by comparing @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in the change of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) from baseline, and the risk ratios (RR) for the proportions of @entity0 with at least 15 letters change from baseline. Safety analysis estimated the RR of @entity1 at 6 to 12 months in RBZ therapy vs. laser monotherapy. Statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.1 software. RESULTS: Seven RCTs were selected for this meta-analysis, including 1749 @entity0 (394 @entity0 in the RBZ group, 642 @entity0 in the RBZ + Laser group, and 713 @entity0 in the laser group). RBZ and RBZ + Laser were superior to laser monotherapy in the mean change of BCVA and @entity3 from baseline ( @entity2 =5.65, 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.44-6.87, P<0.00001; @entity2 =5.02, 95% CI, 3.83-6.20, P<0.00001, and @entity2 =-57.91, 95% CI, -77.62 to -38.20, P<0.00001; @entity2 =-56.63, 95% CI, -104.81 to -8.44, P=0.02, respectively). The pooled RR comparing the proportions of @entity0 with at least 15 letters improvement or deterioration were also in favor of RBZ and RBZ + Laser (RR=2.94, 95% CI, 1.82-4.77, P<0.00001; RR=2.04, 95% CI, 1.50-2.78, P<0.00001, and RR=0.21, 95% CI, 0.06-0.71, P=0.01; RR=0.52, 95% CI, 0.29-0.95, P=0.03, respectively). There were no significant differences between RBZ and RBZ + Laser for any of the parameters. There were no difference in the safety profile between RBZ and laser. CONCLUSION: RBZ and RBZ + Laser had better visual and anatomic outcomes than laser monotherapy in the treatment of @entity4 . RBZ + Laser seemed to be equivalent to RBZ.

title: Ranibizumab Monotherapy or Combined with Laser versus Laser Monotherapy for XXXX : A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Beta-glucan (b-glucan) including zymosan has been known as a super food because of its multifunctional activities, such as the enhancement of immune responses. To study the functional mechanism of b-glucan in immune stimulation, the effect of zymosan on dendritic cell (DC) was investigated by monitoring the production of @entity1 , a pro-inflammatory cytokine. DC was differentiated from @entity0 , a @entity0 @entity4 cell line, by cytokine treatment and characterized. DC-specific cell surface markers were increased during the differentiation. Especially, @entity8 , a b-glucan receptor, was upregulated during DC differentiation, and mediated zymosan-induced @entity1 production, which was inhibited by silencing of @entity8 . Zymosan exhibited synergistic effect with other immune stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and @entity2 ( @entity5 ), a well-known @entity6 activator. Simultaneous treatment of zymosan and @entity5 enhanced the nuclear translocation of NF-kB subunits, @entity3 and @entity7 , mediating the increase of @entity1 production. Bay 11-7082, an NF-kB inhibitor, blocked morphological changes and @entity1 production induced by zymosan and/or @entity5 treatment. Western blot analysis has showed zymosan- @entity8 pathway mediated destructive phosphorylation of inhibitor of @entity10 in IKK complexes, while @entity5 - @entity6 pathway regulated selective phosphorylation and degradation of @entity9 . Simultaneous phosphorylation of separate IKK subunits by co-treatment of zymosan and @entity5 resulted in cooperative activation of NF-kB and @entity1 production.

title: Zymosan and XXXX activate the immune responses of @entity0 -derived dendritic cells synergistically.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Beta-glucan (b-glucan) including zymosan has been known as a super food because of its multifunctional activities, such as the enhancement of immune responses. To study the functional mechanism of b-glucan in immune stimulation, the effect of zymosan on dendritic cell (DC) was investigated by monitoring the production of @entity1 , a pro-inflammatory cytokine. DC was differentiated from @entity0 , a @entity0 @entity4 cell line, by cytokine treatment and characterized. DC-specific cell surface markers were increased during the differentiation. Especially, @entity8 , a b-glucan receptor, was upregulated during DC differentiation, and mediated zymosan-induced @entity1 production, which was inhibited by silencing of @entity8 . Zymosan exhibited synergistic effect with other immune stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and @entity2 ( @entity5 ), a well-known @entity6 activator. Simultaneous treatment of zymosan and @entity5 enhanced the nuclear translocation of NF-kB subunits, @entity3 and @entity7 , mediating the increase of @entity1 production. Bay 11-7082, an NF-kB inhibitor, blocked morphological changes and @entity1 production induced by zymosan and/or @entity5 treatment. Western blot analysis has showed zymosan- @entity8 pathway mediated destructive phosphorylation of inhibitor of @entity10 in IKK complexes, while @entity5 - @entity6 pathway regulated selective phosphorylation and degradation of @entity9 . Simultaneous phosphorylation of separate IKK subunits by co-treatment of zymosan and @entity5 resulted in cooperative activation of NF-kB and @entity1 production.

title: Zymosan and @entity5 activate the immune responses of XXXX -derived dendritic cells synergistically.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a relatively independent parameter for evaluating the ability to distinguish details of a moving target. The present study has been designed to discuss the extent to which age-related @entity2 impacts @entity1 in elderly individuals and to determine whether it could be restored after bilateral phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation surgery. METHODS: Twenty-six elderly @entity2 @entity0 scheduled for binocular @entity2 surgery and 30 elderly volunteers without @entity2 were enrolled in the study. @entity1 at 15, 30, 60 and 90 degree per second (dps) was assessed, and velocity-dependent visual acuity decreases between consecutive speed levels were calculated. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the @entity0 group exhibited significantly worse @entity1 performance at all speed levels (p<0.001), and the decreases in velocity-dependent visual acuity were more serious in the @entity0 group at the intervals of 0-15 dps (p<0.001), 15-30 dps (p=0.007) and 30-60 dps (p=0.008). Postoperatively, @entity1 performance at every speed level in the @entity0 group clearly improved (p<0.001) and recovered to levels compatible to the control group. The decrease in visual acuity with increasing speed was less pronounced than during the preoperative phase (p0-15 dps=0.001, @entity3 -30 dps<0.001 and @entity4 -60 dps=0.001) and became similar to that of the control group. The postoperative visual benefit regarding @entity1 was more pronounced than the improvement in static visual acuity ( @entity3 dps=0.001 and p<0.001 at 30 dps, 60 dps and 90 dps). CONCLUSIONS: The impact of age-related @entity2 on @entity1 was more severe than its effects on static visual acuity. After @entity2 surgery, not only static vision of the @entity0 was restored markedly, but also the dynamic vision. @entity1 could be an important adjunct to the current evaluation system of functional vision, thereby meriting additional attention in clinical assessment.

title: Significant improvement in dynamic visual acuity after XXXX surgery: a promising potential parameter for functional vision.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Mesenchymal stem cells hold promise for @entity0 treatment. Vascular endothelial growth factor may heal tubule-interstitial @entity2 in unilateral @entity9 by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We investigated the protective effect of vascular endothelial growth factor in transfected mesenchymal stem cells in unilateral @entity9 -induced @entity0 in @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male @entity1 Albino @entity1 (32 @entity1 ; weight, 250-300 g) were divided into 4 equal groups: group 1, control; group 2, unilateral @entity9 ; group 3, unilateral @entity9 and mesenchymal stem cells; and group 4, unilateral @entity9 and vascular endothelial growth factor-transfected mesenchymal stem cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor-transfected mesenchymal stem cells were administered intravenously before onset of unilateral @entity9 . On day 14, the @entity1 were killed and kidneys were retrieved. @entity10 , mononuclear cell infiltration, and interstitial @entity2 were evaluated in paraffin blocks. We evaluated green fluorescent protein-positive and vascular endothelial growth factor-positive cells; anti-inflammatory ( @entity7 receptor) and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist), proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory ( @entity3 ), and proinflammatory ( @entity8 ) cytokine expression levels; and levels of @entity6 ; transforming growth factor b1, @entity12 , and @entity4 . RESULTS: Green fluorescent protein-positive cells were negative in the renal parenchyma in groups 1 and 2 and positive in groups 3 and 4. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels were significantly higher in group 4. Transforming growth factor b1, @entity6 , and @entity12 levels were significantly higher in the unilateral @entity9 than control group; however, in the study groups, these values were not significantly different from the unilateral @entity9 group. In stem cell-transplanted tissue samples, @entity11 antagonist, and @entity3 levels were elevated, but @entity8 expression levels were low. Although there were significant differences for @entity10 and @entity2 in group 2, there were significant reductions in @entity5 and @entity2 in groups 3 and 4. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic stem cells transplanted into the kidney protected against unilateral @entity9 -induced @entity0 and @entity0 .

title: Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transfected With Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Maintaining Renal Structure and Function in XXXX with Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biologic meshes are mostly used for abdominal wall reinforcement in infected fields, but no consensus has been reached on its use for @entity2 repairing. The purpose of this study was to compare biologic mesh with synthetic mesh in open inguinal herniorrhaphy. METHODS: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was undertaken to identify studies comparing the outcomes of biologic mesh and synthetic mesh in open @entity2 . Published studies were identified by the databases PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. RESULTS: A total of 382 @entity0 in five randomized controlled trials were reviewed (179 @entity0 in biologic mesh group; 203 @entity0 in synthetic mesh group). The two groups did not significantly differ in chronic @entity1 (P = 0.06) or recurrence (P = 0.38). The incidence of @entity4 trended higher in biologic mesh group (P = 0.03). Operating time was significantly longer with biologic mesh (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in @entity3 (P = 0.23) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: From the data of this study, biologic mesh had no superiority to synthetic mesh in open @entity2 with similar recurrence rates and incidence of chronic @entity1 , but higher rate of @entity4 and longer operating time. However, this mesh still needs to be assessed in a large, multicentre, well-designed randomized controlled trial.

title: Biologic mesh versus synthetic mesh in open XXXX : system review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare systems spend considerable proportions of their budgets on pharmaceutical treatment of @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity1 . From data on almost all residents of Austria, a country with mandatory health insurance and universal health coverage, we estimated potential cost savings by substituting prescribed medicines with the cheapest medicines that were of the same chemical substance and strength, and available during the same time. METHODS: Data from 8.3  million @entity0 (98.5  % of the total Austrian insured population) from 2009-2012 were analyzed. Real prescription costs for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic medicines achievable by same-substance, same-strength drug substitution were computed for each active ingredient, and per gender and 1-year age category of @entity0 . RESULTS: In 2012, health insurance providers spent < @entity7 >231.3  million, < @entity7 >77.8  million, and < @entity7 >91.9  million for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and @entity1 medications, of which < @entity7 >52.2  million (22.6  %), < @entity7 >15.9 million (20.5  %), and < @entity7 >4.1 million (4.5  %), respectively, could have been saved by same-substance drug substitution. Highest potential savings were calculated for @entity6 (< @entity7 >8.0 million, 65.4  %), @entity5 (< @entity7 >12.2 million, 59.3  %), and @entity4 (< @entity7 >2.4 million, 54.6  %), respectively. Higher savings for @entity0 than for @entity0 resulted from differing prescribed cumulative dosages and proportions of @entity0 with co-payment waiver. Potential cost savings in antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs increased from 2009-2012. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the cost-savings potential from arguably the most acceptable of interventions, simply switching to the cheapest available same-substance, same-strength product. In 2012, this strategy could have reduced costs for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic treatment by up to 18.0  %.

title: Potential Savings in Prescription Drug Costs for XXXX , @entity3 , and @entity1 by Equivalent Drug Substitution in Austria: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare systems spend considerable proportions of their budgets on pharmaceutical treatment of @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity1 . From data on almost all residents of Austria, a country with mandatory health insurance and universal health coverage, we estimated potential cost savings by substituting prescribed medicines with the cheapest medicines that were of the same chemical substance and strength, and available during the same time. METHODS: Data from 8.3  million @entity0 (98.5  % of the total Austrian insured population) from 2009-2012 were analyzed. Real prescription costs for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic medicines achievable by same-substance, same-strength drug substitution were computed for each active ingredient, and per gender and 1-year age category of @entity0 . RESULTS: In 2012, health insurance providers spent < @entity7 >231.3  million, < @entity7 >77.8  million, and < @entity7 >91.9  million for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and @entity1 medications, of which < @entity7 >52.2  million (22.6  %), < @entity7 >15.9 million (20.5  %), and < @entity7 >4.1 million (4.5  %), respectively, could have been saved by same-substance drug substitution. Highest potential savings were calculated for @entity6 (< @entity7 >8.0 million, 65.4  %), @entity5 (< @entity7 >12.2 million, 59.3  %), and @entity4 (< @entity7 >2.4 million, 54.6  %), respectively. Higher savings for @entity0 than for @entity0 resulted from differing prescribed cumulative dosages and proportions of @entity0 with co-payment waiver. Potential cost savings in antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs increased from 2009-2012. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the cost-savings potential from arguably the most acceptable of interventions, simply switching to the cheapest available same-substance, same-strength product. In 2012, this strategy could have reduced costs for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic treatment by up to 18.0  %.

title: Potential Savings in Prescription Drug Costs for @entity2 , @entity3 , and XXXX by Equivalent Drug Substitution in Austria: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare systems spend considerable proportions of their budgets on pharmaceutical treatment of @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity1 . From data on almost all residents of Austria, a country with mandatory health insurance and universal health coverage, we estimated potential cost savings by substituting prescribed medicines with the cheapest medicines that were of the same chemical substance and strength, and available during the same time. METHODS: Data from 8.3  million @entity0 (98.5  % of the total Austrian insured population) from 2009-2012 were analyzed. Real prescription costs for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic medicines achievable by same-substance, same-strength drug substitution were computed for each active ingredient, and per gender and 1-year age category of @entity0 . RESULTS: In 2012, health insurance providers spent < @entity7 >231.3  million, < @entity7 >77.8  million, and < @entity7 >91.9  million for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and @entity1 medications, of which < @entity7 >52.2  million (22.6  %), < @entity7 >15.9 million (20.5  %), and < @entity7 >4.1 million (4.5  %), respectively, could have been saved by same-substance drug substitution. Highest potential savings were calculated for @entity6 (< @entity7 >8.0 million, 65.4  %), @entity5 (< @entity7 >12.2 million, 59.3  %), and @entity4 (< @entity7 >2.4 million, 54.6  %), respectively. Higher savings for @entity0 than for @entity0 resulted from differing prescribed cumulative dosages and proportions of @entity0 with co-payment waiver. Potential cost savings in antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs increased from 2009-2012. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the cost-savings potential from arguably the most acceptable of interventions, simply switching to the cheapest available same-substance, same-strength product. In 2012, this strategy could have reduced costs for antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic treatment by up to 18.0  %.

title: Potential Savings in Prescription Drug Costs for @entity2 , XXXX , and @entity1 by Equivalent Drug Substitution in Austria: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: A new clinical test for the diagnosis of @entity3 is described: the so-called "Lever Sign". This prospective study on four groups of @entity0 divided subjects on the basis of MRI findings (complete or partial @entity1 ) and the clinical phase of the injury (acute or chronic). The hypothesis was that this manual test would be diagnostic for both partial and complete tears of the ACL regardless of the elapsed time from injury. METHODS: A total of 400 @entity0 were evaluated and divided into four, equal-sized groups based on time elapsed from injury and MRI findings: Group A (acute phase with positive MRI for complete @entity3 ), Group B (chronic phase with positive MRI for complete @entity3 ), Group C (acute phase with positive MRI for partial @entity3 ), and Group D (chronic phase with positive MRI for partial @entity3 ). Clinical assessment was performed with the Lachman test, the Anterior Drawer test, the Pivot Shift test, and the Lever Sign test. The Lever Sign test involves placing a fulcrum under the supine @entity0 's @entity2 and applying a downward force to the quadriceps. Depending on whether the ACL is intact or not, the @entity0 's heel will either rise off of the examination table or remain down. Additionally, the Lever Sign test was performed on the un-injured leg of all 400 @entity0 as a control. RESULTS: All tests were nearly 100  % sensitive for @entity0 with chronic, complete tears of the ACL. However, for @entity0 with acute, partial tears, the sensitivity was much lower for the Lachman test (0.42), Anterior Drawer test (0.29), and Pivot Shift test (0.11), but not the Lever Sign test (1.00). CONCLUSION: In general, chronic, complete tears were most successfully diagnosed but acute, partial tears were least successfully diagnosed. The Lever Sign test is more sensitive to correctly diagnosing both acute and partial tears of the ACL compared with other common manual tests. The clinical relevance is that some @entity3 may be more accurately diagnosed.

title: The "Lever Sign": a new clinical test for the diagnosis of anterior cruciate XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Taking over the responsibility for one's own health and active participation in eliminating the existing health problems is ever more widespread in the world. Self-medication in the form of using any kind of therapy without previous consultation with medical professionals has been ever more common among student populations in many countries. The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes about self-medication for @entity2 relief and features of self-medication in first-year students of the University of Applied Health Studies in Zagreb. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire, which was completed by 389 respondents. RESULTS: @entity4 in the past year was reported by 74.6% of respondents, significantly more by female students (80.8%); 62.6% of female students used painkillers once a month versus 45.7% of male students taking analgesics once a year. @entity3 was preferred by female students and @entity1 by male students. @entity0 was the most common indication for @entity4 (76.6%), followed by menstrual discomforts in female students (66.2%) and toothache (28.6%). Significant sex differences were recorded in the choice of drugs, indications for self-medication, and frequency of drug use. There were no differences between study courses. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate student education and improved information transfer between professionals and students are the key elements to ensure judicious, quality and knowledge based use of drugs among students.

title: Characteristics of self-medication for XXXX relief among first-year health care students in Zagreb, Croatia.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This prospective randomized study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of a haemostatic matrix in @entity3 control and prevention of @entity1 after major lung surgery. METHODS: One hundred and twenty @entity0 undergoing major lung resection and presenting with intraoperative persistent active @entity2 have been prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to receive [Floseal   group (FG)] or not (control group) the application of Floseal   to the @entity2 site and to the site of the hilar dissection. To evaluate the efficacy of the product, several intraoperative and postoperative data were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: No adverse event related to the haemostatic matrix application occurred. The intraoperative haemostasis rate at 3 (primary end-point), 6 and 10 min was significantly higher and the mean time to haemostasis was significantly shorter in the FG. The quantity of chest drain fluids did not show significant differences at 24, 48 and 72 h between the two groups. Postoperative haemoglobin-level variation was significantly lower in @entity0 of the FG (-0.7    0.66 vs -2.3    5.87 g/dl; P = 0.04). Similarly, haematocrit variation was lower in the haemostatic group (-2.6    2.19 vs -4.2    3.71; P = 0.006). The chest drain duration resulted significantly shorter in the FG (10.3    5.05 vs 13.3    6.28 days; P = 0.005). In-hospital stay was shorter in the FG (6.4    2.9 vs 8.1    5.42 days; P = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the application of Floseal   in major lung resections proved safe and effective in increasing the intraoperative successful haemostasis rate and in reducing postoperative variation in haemoglobin and haematocrit levels. The sealant use was also related with a significantly shorter chest drain duration and hospitalization.

title: Evaluation of the efficacy of a haemostatic matrix for control of intraoperative and XXXX in major lung surgery: a prospective randomized study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) associated with antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity6 in cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. Data were gathered from @entity0 charts and national registers. SETTING: University hospital. @entity0 : All adult @entity0 who underwent cardiac surgery at the authors' institution between January 1, 2010 and July 31, 2013 were eligible for the study. INTERVENTIONS: The risk for @entity3 associated with @entity6 prophylaxis was estimated by multivariate logistic regression. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary endpoint, @entity3 , was defined according to the @entity3 Network criteria stage 1, as an increase of postoperative serum @entity4 by>= 26  mol/L (>= 0.3 mg/dL) or a relative increase of>= 50% compared to the preoperative value. The authors included 2,809 @entity0 , and 1,056 (38%) received a combination of @entity6 and @entity5 for antibiotic prophylaxis. The remaining 1,753 (62%) @entity0 received only @entity5 and constituted the control group. @entity3 occurred in 32% (n = 343) in the @entity6 group compared to 29% (n = 517) in the control group. There was a significant association between antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity6 and @entity3 ; multivariate adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.70). There was a dose-dependent relationship; 600 mg OR: 1.48 (95% CI 1.17-1.87), and 400 mg OR: 1.34 (95% CI 1.06-1.71). The findings were confirmed in several subgroup analyses; @entity0 (OR: 1.27; 95% CI 1.03-1.56); @entity0 (OR: 1.90; 95% CI 1.30-2.80); normal renal function (OR: 1.31; 95% CI 1.07-1.60), and @entity2 (OR: 1.80; 95% CI 1.13-2.85). CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity6 was associated with an increased risk of @entity3 after cardiac surgery. The relative risk of @entity3 was higher in @entity0 and in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Antibiotic Prophylaxis by XXXX and Risk of @entity3 in Cardiac Surgery.

answer: @entity6