abstract: Chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune @entity3 (CR-EAE) was induced in Lewis @entity0 by inoculation with @entity2 spinal cord and adjuvants and treatment with low dose @entity1 (CsA). Acute EAE was induced by the same method without CsA treatment. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry were used to assess inflammatory cells and MHC class II (Ia) antigen expression in the central nervous system of these @entity0 . The inflammatory infiltrate was composed mainly of @entity5 + T cells and macrophages, and alpha beta T cells constituted about 65% of the @entity4 + T cells. After recovery from acute EAE and during the first remission of CR-EAE, the number of T cells was significantly less than in the preceding episodes. The number of T cells was higher in the second episode of CR-EAE than in the first remission. Throughout the course of CR-EAE, the majority of the @entity4 + T cells were CD45RC-. The ratio of IL-2R+ cells to @entity4 + cells ranged from 10.5 to 24.0%. The ratio of @entity5 + T cells to B cells was lower in the later episodes of CR-EAE than in the first episode. Ia antigen was expressed on infiltrating round cells at all stages of CR-EAE and on microglial cells (identified by dendritic morphology) with increasing intensity throughout the course of CR-EAE. With flow cytometry, the number of Ia+ cells obtained from the spinal cord rose throughout the course of CR-EAE. The number of FSClowOX1low cells, which we consider represent microglia, also increased during the course of CR-EAE.

title: Inflammatory cells, microglia and MHC class II antigen-positive cells in the spinal cord of Lewis @entity0 with acute and chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune @entity3 (CR-EAE) was induced in Lewis @entity0 by inoculation with @entity2 spinal cord and adjuvants and treatment with low dose @entity1 (CsA). Acute EAE was induced by the same method without CsA treatment. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry were used to assess inflammatory cells and MHC class II (Ia) antigen expression in the central nervous system of these @entity0 . The inflammatory infiltrate was composed mainly of @entity5 + T cells and macrophages, and alpha beta T cells constituted about 65% of the @entity4 + T cells. After recovery from acute EAE and during the first remission of CR-EAE, the number of T cells was significantly less than in the preceding episodes. The number of T cells was higher in the second episode of CR-EAE than in the first remission. Throughout the course of CR-EAE, the majority of the @entity4 + T cells were CD45RC-. The ratio of IL-2R+ cells to @entity4 + cells ranged from 10.5 to 24.0%. The ratio of @entity5 + T cells to B cells was lower in the later episodes of CR-EAE than in the first episode. Ia antigen was expressed on infiltrating round cells at all stages of CR-EAE and on microglial cells (identified by dendritic morphology) with increasing intensity throughout the course of CR-EAE. With flow cytometry, the number of Ia+ cells obtained from the spinal cord rose throughout the course of CR-EAE. The number of FSClowOX1low cells, which we consider represent microglia, also increased during the course of CR-EAE.

title: Inflammatory cells, microglia and MHC class II antigen-positive cells in the spinal cord of Lewis XXXX with acute and chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. In the immature @entity0 in vitro hemisected spinal cord preparation the dorsal root-evoked depolarizing potential recorded from an adjacent dorsal root DR-DRP had a mean peak amplitude (+/- s.e.mean, n = 27) of 2.9 +/- 0.2 mV and a mean latency to peak amplitude of 106 +/- 3 ms. The DR-DRP amplitude was maximal with a stimulus intensity of four times the threshold intensity required to activate the lowest threshold fibres. The peak amplitude and/or integral over a time-source of 0.5 s were used to assess the effects of applied drugs. 2. The DR-DRP was abolished by @entity3 (mean IC50 190 +/- 46 nM, n = 7). The depressant effect of @entity3 was reversed by @entity6 (1 mM). The mean apparent Kd value calculated from dose-ratios was 16.7 +/- 6.4 microM (n = 3). 3. At a maximally effective concentration, @entity8 (1 microM) produced at the most only a 14% @entity1 of the DR-DRP (n = 4). @entity2 (0.3 microM) had an effect similar to that of @entity8 . These depressant effects were reversed by @entity7 (1 microM). 4. The DR-DRP was potentiated by @entity4 in a @entity5 (1 microM)-reversible manner. A maximal potentiation of 23.2 +/- 2.7% (n = 5) was produced by 1 microM @entity4 . 5. @entity4 (1 microM) induced a mean bicuculline- (10 microM, n = 2) and @entity5 - (1 microM, n = 8) sensitive depolarization in the dorsal root of 0.25 +/- 0.03 mV (n = 8). However, @entity4 failed to depolarize dorsal roots (n = 3) which had been excised from the spinal cord. 6. Comparison of the above effects with previously reported depressant effects of these drugs on the synaptic output from ventral roots suggests that actions on presynaptic inhibition, as reflected in the DR-DRP, are of subsidiary importance in explaining the muscle relaxant actions of @entity8 or @entity4 .

title: The effects of central myorelaxants on synaptically-evoked primary afferent depolarization in the immature XXXX spinal cord in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. Modified radical mastectomy is the standard surgical procedure today in most countries. 'Lesser surgery' associated with radiotherapy emerges as an alternative for @entity1 with T1N0 lesions. 2. The potential risk of occult micrometastases is best predicted by careful axillary staging and possibly by the ER status of the @entity2 . 3. Additional risk factors such as @entity2 size, @entity1 age, menopausal status, and intramammary lymphatic or vascular invasion are less well established and need clarification. 4. Previous studies showed no significant long-term benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy and at best a marginal increase of lifespan by adjuvant castration in @entity1 subjected to radical surgery. 5. Various types of adequately intensive adjuvant chemotherapy resulted in a significant increase of relapse-free survival and probably also overall survival 5-6 years after mastectomy in pre- and possibly also postmenopausal N+ @entity1 . 6. Treatment intensity (full doses) of adjuvant chemotherapy seems to be more critical than treatment duration (CMF X 6 is as good as CMF X 12). 7. Adjuvant chemotherapy with drug combinations is generally more effective than single drugs. No combination so far (if adequate doses are given) is clearly superior. 8. Whether early peri-operative onset of adjuvant chemotherapy or combinations with endocrine measures or cyclic, alternating drug regimens increase effectiveness remains to be shown. 9. Adjuvant chemotherapy in N- @entity1 , though still experimental, appears rewarding. 10. The pattern of first relapse has not been significantly altered by the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. Response rate and duration with secondary treatments are consistent with common experience in metastatic disease. 11. Up to 5-6 years median observation time there is no proof that the risk of second @entity2 is increased by currently used adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. 12. More and highly critical prospective trials are needed to assess not only effectiveness, but also @entity1 tolerance (cost-benefit ratio) of adjuvant therapies in @entity0 .

title: Current status and indications for adjuvant therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: To detect and monitor endogenous @entity1 ( @entity2 ) release in the in vivo heart, we applied a dialysis technique to the hearts of anesthetized @entity0 . Dialysis probes were implanted in the left ventricular myocardium and were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing @entity3 (10(-4) M) at 3 microliters/min. Dialysate @entity2 concentration was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. In four @entity0 , the response to vagal stimulation was studied. Electrical stimulation of efferent vagal nerves (10 Hz) significantly increased dialysate @entity2 concentration from 596 +/- 118 (control) to 12,210 +/- 1,661 pM. After stimulation, dialysate @entity2 concentration significantly decreased to 382 +/- 80 pM below control. The influence of ganglionic blocker was determined in six @entity0 . Control vagal nerve stimulation (10 Hz) increased dialysate @entity2 concentration from 582 +/- 136 to 9,102 +/- 754 pM. Local perfusion of @entity4 (10(-4) M) did not affect this nerve stimulation-induced @entity2 increase (8,611 +/- 1,189 pM), and intravenous administration of @entity4 (20 mg/kg) prevented this increase (340 +/- 88 pM). We examined the response to vagal nerve stimulation at different frequencies in three @entity0 . Vagal nerve stimulation increased dialysate @entity2 concentration from a control of 588 +/- 211 to 1,227 +/- 195 pM at 2 Hz, 3,946 +/- 1,059 pM at 5 Hz, and 9,366 +/- 1,873 pM at 10 Hz. Dialysate @entity2 concentration reflects @entity2 release from postganglionic vagal nerves innervating the left ventricular myocardium; the dialysis technique permits estimation of relative changes in efferent cardiac vagal nerve activity.

title: In vivo detection of endogenous XXXX release in cat ventricles.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In vitro, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are capable of efficient antibody-mediated phagocytosis of @entity1 nucleated @entity2 cells. These @entity7 express on their cell surface all three classes of Fc receptors for IgG (Fc gamma R). Fc gamma R specificity for murine antibody isotype allowed us to examine the phagocytic role of Fc gamma RII on control and gamma-interferon ( @entity3 )-primed @entity7 . Monoclonal antibody 520C9 (IgG1) mediates phagocytosis through Fc gamma RII. This monoclonal antibody is directed against the @entity5 protooncogene product overexpressed on a variety of @entity4 including the @entity0 cell line SK-BR-3. Our results showed that @entity3 treatment of differentiated @entity7 (days 8-12 in culture) inhibited Fc gamma RII-mediated phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner with negative effects noted at doses as low as 0.1 units/ml. The percentage reduction in antibody-mediated phagocytosis observed following @entity3 priming (40 units/ml for 18 h) ranged from 23-89% of control. The inhibitory effect was evident when exposure to @entity3 was transient. Fc gamma RII expression was not altered by @entity3 treatment. In our model, @entity3 did not up-regulate or down-regulate @entity5 protein expression on our targets or affect the level of @entity6 antigen expression on our @entity7 . Although @entity3 is a potent activator of monocytes/macrophages and can enhance certain tumoricidal mechanisms, our data show that antibody-dependent phagocytosis through the type II Fc receptor is inhibited by @entity3 priming. Nonspecific phagocytosis was not affected.

title: Gamma-interferon inhibits Fc receptor II-mediated phagocytosis of XXXX cells by @entity1 macrophages.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In vitro, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are capable of efficient antibody-mediated phagocytosis of @entity1 nucleated @entity2 cells. These @entity7 express on their cell surface all three classes of Fc receptors for IgG (Fc gamma R). Fc gamma R specificity for murine antibody isotype allowed us to examine the phagocytic role of Fc gamma RII on control and gamma-interferon ( @entity3 )-primed @entity7 . Monoclonal antibody 520C9 (IgG1) mediates phagocytosis through Fc gamma RII. This monoclonal antibody is directed against the @entity5 protooncogene product overexpressed on a variety of @entity4 including the @entity0 cell line SK-BR-3. Our results showed that @entity3 treatment of differentiated @entity7 (days 8-12 in culture) inhibited Fc gamma RII-mediated phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner with negative effects noted at doses as low as 0.1 units/ml. The percentage reduction in antibody-mediated phagocytosis observed following @entity3 priming (40 units/ml for 18 h) ranged from 23-89% of control. The inhibitory effect was evident when exposure to @entity3 was transient. Fc gamma RII expression was not altered by @entity3 treatment. In our model, @entity3 did not up-regulate or down-regulate @entity5 protein expression on our targets or affect the level of @entity6 antigen expression on our @entity7 . Although @entity3 is a potent activator of monocytes/macrophages and can enhance certain tumoricidal mechanisms, our data show that antibody-dependent phagocytosis through the type II Fc receptor is inhibited by @entity3 priming. Nonspecific phagocytosis was not affected.

title: Gamma-interferon inhibits Fc receptor II-mediated phagocytosis of @entity2 cells by XXXX macrophages.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Using quantitative T2* 7-tesla (7T) MRI as a marker of @entity3 and @entity4 loss, we investigated, in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and secondary progressive @entity1 (SPMS), spatial and tissue intrinsic characteristics of @entity5 (s) (CL) types, and structural integrity of perilesional normal-appearing cortical gray matter (NACGM) as a function of distance from lesions. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 (18 @entity6 , 11 SPMS), showing at least 2 CL, underwent 7T T2* imaging to obtain (1) magnitude images for segmenting focal @entity5 (s) (ICL) and @entity5 (s) (LCL), and (2) cortical T2* maps. Anatomical scans were collected at 3T for cortical surface reconstruction using FreeSurfer. Seventeen age-matched healthy @entity0 served as controls. RESULTS: ICL were predominantly located in sulci of frontal, parietal, and cingulate cortex; LCL distribution was more random. In @entity1 , T2* was higher in both ICL and LCL, indicating myelin and @entity4 loss, than in NACGM (p < 0.00003) irrespective of CL subtype and @entity1 phenotype. T2* was increased in perilesional cortex, tapering away from CL toward NACGM, the wider changes being for LCL in SPMS. NACGM T2* was higher in SPMS relative to @entity6 (p = 0.006) and healthy cortex (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: CL had the same degree of @entity3 and @entity4 loss regardless of lesion subtype and disease stage. @entity2 expanded beyond visible CL, close to lesions in @entity6 , and more diffusely in SPMS. Evaluation of NACGM integrity, beyond focal CL, could represent a surrogate marker of @entity1 progression.

title: Beyond focal @entity5 in XXXX : An in vivo quantitative and spatial imaging study at 7T.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Using quantitative T2* 7-tesla (7T) MRI as a marker of @entity3 and @entity4 loss, we investigated, in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and secondary progressive @entity1 (SPMS), spatial and tissue intrinsic characteristics of @entity5 (s) (CL) types, and structural integrity of perilesional normal-appearing cortical gray matter (NACGM) as a function of distance from lesions. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 (18 @entity6 , 11 SPMS), showing at least 2 CL, underwent 7T T2* imaging to obtain (1) magnitude images for segmenting focal @entity5 (s) (ICL) and @entity5 (s) (LCL), and (2) cortical T2* maps. Anatomical scans were collected at 3T for cortical surface reconstruction using FreeSurfer. Seventeen age-matched healthy @entity0 served as controls. RESULTS: ICL were predominantly located in sulci of frontal, parietal, and cingulate cortex; LCL distribution was more random. In @entity1 , T2* was higher in both ICL and LCL, indicating myelin and @entity4 loss, than in NACGM (p < 0.00003) irrespective of CL subtype and @entity1 phenotype. T2* was increased in perilesional cortex, tapering away from CL toward NACGM, the wider changes being for LCL in SPMS. NACGM T2* was higher in SPMS relative to @entity6 (p = 0.006) and healthy cortex (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: CL had the same degree of @entity3 and @entity4 loss regardless of lesion subtype and disease stage. @entity2 expanded beyond visible CL, close to lesions in @entity6 , and more diffusely in SPMS. Evaluation of NACGM integrity, beyond focal CL, could represent a surrogate marker of @entity1 progression.

title: Beyond focal XXXX in @entity1 : An in vivo quantitative and spatial imaging study at 7T.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence of the association between eating frequency (EF) and @entity3 is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: With the use of data from the NHANES 2003-2012, this cross-sectional study examined the associations between EF, @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and snack frequency (SF) and overweight/ @entity1 and @entity2 . METHODS: Dietary intake was assessed with the use of two 24-h dietary recalls in 18,696 US adults >= 20 y of age. All eating occasions providing >= 50 kcal of energy were divided into meals or snacks on the basis of contribution to energy intake (>= 15% or <15%), self-report, and time (0600-1000, 1200-1500, 1800-2100, or other). Multivariable logistic regression was used to compute ORs and 95% CIs. RESULTS: When analyzed without adjustment for the ratio of energy intake to estimated energy requirement (EI:EER), all measures of EF, @entity4 , and SF showed inverse or null associations. After adjustment for EI:EER, however, EF was positively associated with overweight/ @entity1 (body mass index >= 25 kg/m(2)) and @entity2 (waist circumference >= 102 cm in @entity0 and >= 88 cm in @entity0 ). Compared with the lowest category ( <=3 times/d), the OR (95% CI) for overweight/ @entity1 in the highest category (>= 5 times/d) was 1.54 (1.23, 1.93) in @entity0 (P-trend = 0.003) and 1.45 (1.17, 1.81) in @entity0 (P-trend = 0.001). The corresponding value for @entity2 was 1.42 (1.15, 1.75) in @entity0 (P-trend = 0.002) and 1.29 (1.05, 1.59) in @entity0 (P-trend = 0.03). The self-report-based @entity4 and time-based @entity4 were positively associated with overweight/ @entity1 , @entity2 , or both, although @entity4 based on energy contribution showed no associations. There were positive associations for all SF measures in @entity0 and for the energy-contribution-based SF in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study suggests that higher EF, @entity4 , and SF are associated with increased likelihood of overweight/ @entity1 and @entity2 in US adults. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the associations observed here.

title: Eating Frequency Is Positively Associated with Overweight and XXXX in US Adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 (BK) and des-Arg9-BK are pro-inflammatory mediators acting via B2 ( @entity6 ) and @entity7 ) receptors, respectively. We investigated the role of @entity6 and @entity7 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced @entity1 activation in SD @entity0 . LPS given intraperitoneally (ip) up-regulated @entity7 mRNA in the hypothalamus, both @entity7 and @entity6 were up-regulated in pituitary and adrenal glands. Receptor localization was performed using immunofluorescence staining. @entity7 was localized in the endothelial cells, nucleus supraopticus ( @entity3 ), adenohypophysis and adrenal cortex. @entity6 was localized nucleus paraventricularis (PVN) and @entity3 , @entity1 . Blockade of @entity7 prior to LPS further increased ACTH release and blockade of @entity7 1 h after LPS decreased its release. In addition, we evaluated if blockade of central kinin receptors influence the LPS-induced stimulation of hypothalamic neurons. Blockade of both @entity7 and @entity6 reduced the LPS-induced @entity4 immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus. Our data demonstrate that a single injection of LPS induced a differential expression pattern of kinin @entity7 and @entity6 in the @entity1 . The tissue specific cellular localization of these receptors indicates that they may play a crucial role in the maintenance of body homeostasis during @entity5 .

title: Acute hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis response to LPS-induced XXXX : expression pattern of kinin type B1 and B2 receptors.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are chronic @entity1 thought to arise at the level of @entity3 + hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. They include @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity7 vera (PV) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). All can progress to @entity4 , but @entity5 carries the worst prognosis. Increasing evidences indicate that deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) might plays an important role in @entity2 , including @entity1 . To attain deeper knowledge of short RNAs (sRNAs) expression pattern in @entity3 + cells and of their possible role in mediating post-transcriptional regulation in @entity5 , we sequenced with Illumina HiSeq2000 technology @entity3 + cells from healthy subjects and @entity5 @entity0 . We detected the expression of 784 known miRNAs, with a prevalence of miRNA up-regulation in @entity5 samples, and discovered 34 new miRNAs and 99 new miRNA-offset RNAs (moRNAs), in @entity3 + cells. Thirty-seven small RNAs were differentially expressed in @entity5 @entity0 compared with healthy subjects, according to microRNA sequencing data. Five miRNAs (miR-10b-5p, miR-19b-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-379-5p, and @entity9 ) were deregulated also in @entity5 granulocytes. Moreover, 3'-moR-128-2 resulted consistently downregulated in @entity5 according to RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data both in @entity3 + cells and granulocytes. Target predictions of these validated small RNAs de-regulated in @entity5 and functional enrichment analyses highlighted many interesting pathways involved in @entity1 development and progression, such as signaling by FGFR and @entity8 and Oncogene Induced Senescence. As a whole, data obtained in this study deepened the knowledge of miRNAs and moRNAs altered expression in @entity5 @entity3 + cells and allowed to identify and validate a specific small RNA profile that distinguishes @entity5 granulocytes from those of normal subjects. We thus provided new information regarding the possible role of miRNAs and, specifically, of new moRNAs in this disease.

title: Small RNA Sequencing Uncovers New miRNAs and moRNAs Differentially Expressed in Normal and Primary Myelofibrosis XXXX + Cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Previous studies have found that taking formulated herb drugs may reduce the serum @entity0 level which may result in an @entity1 . We suspect that this effect is induced by corticosteroids artificially mixed in formulated herb drugs. The objectives of this study were to determine the time course of serum @entity0 and plasma @entity2 ( @entity2 ) levels, and whether pituitary-adrenal function recovers after quitting formulated herb drugs for a period of one year. Forty eight subjects with an initial serum @entity0 level smaller than 10.7 micrograms/dL due to the intake of formulated herb drugs were recruited. They were tested for serum @entity0 and plasma @entity2 levels at 08:00 6, 9 and 12 months after quitting formulated herb drugs, respectively. The diagnosis of @entity1 was confirmed by an @entity2 test at 9 months and 12 months after quitting the formulated herb drugs. The follow-up rates ranged from 63% to 71%. The 08:00 serum @entity0 levels at the initial test, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months were 4.4 +/- 0.5 micrograms/dL, 6.6 +/- 0.8 micrograms/dL, 6.6 +/- 0.7 micrograms/dL, 6.2 +/- 0.8 micrograms/dL, respectively, (interpersonal p = 0.0001, intrapersonal p = 0.0004, repeated measures ANOVA test.) The 08:00 plasma @entity2 levels at the initial test, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months were 33.8 +/- 6.4 pg/mL, 67.6 +/- 16.8 pg/mL, 21.0 +/- 3.2 pg/mL, 16.3 +/- 2.2 pg/mL, respectively (interpersonal P = 0.0001, intrapersonal P = 0.0003, repeated measures ANOVA test.) The statistical significance was the same after logarithmic transformation of the @entity2 levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [One year follow-up study of the recovery of XXXX induced by formulated herb drugs].

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Essentials An IgA paraprotein with anti- @entity2 activity was not associated with a severe @entity1 phenotype. This observation challenges the paradigm that anticoagulant therapy necessarily increases @entity1 risk. Characterization of the antibody showed that it specifically binds to @entity2 exosite I. A therapeutic drug with the properties of this antibody might be an antithrombotic that doesn't cause @entity1 . SUMMARY: Background We report the case of a 54-year-old female who presented with a @entity1 . Coagulation tests were markedly prolonged due to the presence of an anti- @entity2 IgA paraprotein at 3 g L(-1) . The @entity0 made a complete recovery and has had no @entity1 during a 7-year follow-up, despite the persistence of the paraprotein. Objectives To determine how the paraprotein prolonged clotting tests by defining its target and its epitope. Methods The paraprotein was purified and added to normal pooled plasma for in vitro clotting assays. Binding studies were conducted to determine the affinity of the IgA for @entity2 . The @entity3 was isolated and crystallized with @entity2 . Results The purified IgA was sufficient to confer the @entity0 's in vitro coagulation profile in normal pooled plasma, and was found to bind specifically and with high affinity to @entity2 . A crystal structure of the @entity3 fragment in complex with @entity2 revealed an exosite I interaction involving CDRH3 of the antibody. Conclusions Although the @entity0 originally presented with a subdural bleed, the @entity4 resolved without intervention, and no other @entity1 event occurred during the subsequent 7 years. During this period, the @entity0 's IgA paraprotein levels have remained constant at 3 g L(-1) , suggesting that the presence of a high-affinity, exosite I-directed antibody is consistent with normal hemostasis. A therapeutic derivative of this antibody might therefore permit antithrombotic dose escalation without an associated increase in the risk of @entity1 .

title: Discovery and characterization of an antibody directed against exosite I of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical value of immature platelet fraction   @entity2   , absolute immature platelet fraction    A- @entity2    and thrombelastograph   @entity5    on assessment of @entity1 risk of @entity4   . METHODS: two hundred and seventy- one @entity0 with @entity4 were assessed based on @entity4 -BAT @entity1 grading system. @entity2 , @entity2 were determined in 271 @entity0 , @entity5 in 125 @entity0 . The correlations between @entity1 grades and @entity2 , @entity2 , variables of @entity5 in subgroups were analyzed by statistical method. The predictive value of @entity2 , @entity2 , and variables of @entity5 on @entity1 risk of @entity4 @entity0 was evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in @entity1 degree in all @entity0 with different gender and disease stage   P>0.05   . Mild @entity1 rate in @entity0 was higher than that in adult   P<0.05   . PLT inversely correlated with @entity1 grade for the entire cohort   P<0.001   . In all subjects, PLT< 30*10   /L and pediatric cohorts with PLT< 30*10   /L, PLT were negatively correlated with @entity2   P<0.05   , positive correlated with @entity2   P<0.001   and the maximum amplitude   @entity3      P<0.05   . Bleeding grades were significantly correlated with @entity2 , @entity2 , @entity3 in all subjects and @entity0 with PLT< 30*10   /L   P<0.001   . @entity2 , @entity2 and @entity3 did not correlate with @entity1 grades in @entity0 with PLT< 30*10   /L   P>0.05   . ROC curve analysis revealed @entity2 , @entity2 and @entity3 had better predictive value   AUC 0.745, 0.744, 0.813, P<0.001   . Multivariate analysis showed that @entity2 and @entity3 were independence factors for predicting @entity1 risk in @entity4 @entity0 and comprehensive predictive value was higher   AUC 0.846, P<0.001   than single variable. CONCLUSION: @entity2 , @entity2 and @entity3 could accurately evaluate @entity1 risk inITP @entity0 . It may be considered as reference index of the treatment and observation index of curative effect.

title: [Application of immature platelet fraction   absolute immature platelet fraction and thrombelastograph on assessment of @entity1 risk in @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical value of immature platelet fraction   @entity2   , absolute immature platelet fraction    A- @entity2    and thrombelastograph   @entity5    on assessment of @entity1 risk of @entity4   . METHODS: two hundred and seventy- one @entity0 with @entity4 were assessed based on @entity4 -BAT @entity1 grading system. @entity2 , @entity2 were determined in 271 @entity0 , @entity5 in 125 @entity0 . The correlations between @entity1 grades and @entity2 , @entity2 , variables of @entity5 in subgroups were analyzed by statistical method. The predictive value of @entity2 , @entity2 , and variables of @entity5 on @entity1 risk of @entity4 @entity0 was evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in @entity1 degree in all @entity0 with different gender and disease stage   P>0.05   . Mild @entity1 rate in @entity0 was higher than that in adult   P<0.05   . PLT inversely correlated with @entity1 grade for the entire cohort   P<0.001   . In all subjects, PLT< 30*10   /L and pediatric cohorts with PLT< 30*10   /L, PLT were negatively correlated with @entity2   P<0.05   , positive correlated with @entity2   P<0.001   and the maximum amplitude   @entity3      P<0.05   . Bleeding grades were significantly correlated with @entity2 , @entity2 , @entity3 in all subjects and @entity0 with PLT< 30*10   /L   P<0.001   . @entity2 , @entity2 and @entity3 did not correlate with @entity1 grades in @entity0 with PLT< 30*10   /L   P>0.05   . ROC curve analysis revealed @entity2 , @entity2 and @entity3 had better predictive value   AUC 0.745, 0.744, 0.813, P<0.001   . Multivariate analysis showed that @entity2 and @entity3 were independence factors for predicting @entity1 risk in @entity4 @entity0 and comprehensive predictive value was higher   AUC 0.846, P<0.001   than single variable. CONCLUSION: @entity2 , @entity2 and @entity3 could accurately evaluate @entity1 risk inITP @entity0 . It may be considered as reference index of the treatment and observation index of curative effect.

title: [Application of immature platelet fraction   absolute immature platelet fraction and thrombelastograph on assessment of XXXX risk in @entity0 with @entity4 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical value of immature platelet fraction   @entity2   , absolute immature platelet fraction    A- @entity2    and thrombelastograph   @entity5    on assessment of @entity1 risk of @entity4   . METHODS: two hundred and seventy- one @entity0 with @entity4 were assessed based on @entity4 -BAT @entity1 grading system. @entity2 , @entity2 were determined in 271 @entity0 , @entity5 in 125 @entity0 . The correlations between @entity1 grades and @entity2 , @entity2 , variables of @entity5 in subgroups were analyzed by statistical method. The predictive value of @entity2 , @entity2 , and variables of @entity5 on @entity1 risk of @entity4 @entity0 was evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in @entity1 degree in all @entity0 with different gender and disease stage   P>0.05   . Mild @entity1 rate in @entity0 was higher than that in adult   P<0.05   . PLT inversely correlated with @entity1 grade for the entire cohort   P<0.001   . In all subjects, PLT< 30*10   /L and pediatric cohorts with PLT< 30*10   /L, PLT were negatively correlated with @entity2   P<0.05   , positive correlated with @entity2   P<0.001   and the maximum amplitude   @entity3      P<0.05   . Bleeding grades were significantly correlated with @entity2 , @entity2 , @entity3 in all subjects and @entity0 with PLT< 30*10   /L   P<0.001   . @entity2 , @entity2 and @entity3 did not correlate with @entity1 grades in @entity0 with PLT< 30*10   /L   P>0.05   . ROC curve analysis revealed @entity2 , @entity2 and @entity3 had better predictive value   AUC 0.745, 0.744, 0.813, P<0.001   . Multivariate analysis showed that @entity2 and @entity3 were independence factors for predicting @entity1 risk in @entity4 @entity0 and comprehensive predictive value was higher   AUC 0.846, P<0.001   than single variable. CONCLUSION: @entity2 , @entity2 and @entity3 could accurately evaluate @entity1 risk inITP @entity0 . It may be considered as reference index of the treatment and observation index of curative effect.

title: [Application of immature platelet fraction   absolute immature platelet fraction and thrombelastograph on assessment of @entity1 risk in XXXX with @entity4 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies of @entity1 and @entity2 were conducted mostly in @entity0 and either reported disparate results for supplemental and dietary @entity1 or did not examine dietary @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort analysis. SETTING _ @entity0 : 156,735 @entity0 in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) I and II and 40,536 @entity0 in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). PREDICTOR: Total, dietary, and supplemental @entity1 intake, adjusted for age, body mass index, @entity3 use, and dietary factors. OUTCOMES: Incident @entity2 . RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11.3 to 11.7 years, 6,245 incident @entity2 were identified. After multivariable adjustment, total @entity1 intake (<90 [reference], 90-249, 250-499, 500-999, and  >= 1,000mg/d) was not significantly associated with risk for @entity2 among @entity0 , but was among @entity0 (HRs of 1.00 [reference], 1.19 [95% CI, 0.99-1.46], 1.15 [95% CI, 0.93-1.42], 1.29 [95% CI, 1.04-1.60], and 1.43 [95% CI, 1.15-1.79], respectively; P for trend  = 0.005). Median total @entity1 intake for the 500- to 999-mg/d category was    700mg/d. Supplemental @entity1 intake (no use [reference],  <500, 500-999, and  >= 1,000mg/d) was not significantly associated with risk for @entity2 among @entity0 , but was among @entity0 (HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.01-1.40] for  >= 1,000mg/d; P for trend  = 0.001). Dietary @entity1 intake was not associated with stones among @entity0 or @entity0 , although few @entity0 had dietary intakes > 700mg/d. LIMITATIONS: Nutrient intakes derived from food-frequency questionnaires, lack of data on stone composition for all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Total and supplemental @entity1 intake was significantly associated with higher risk for incident @entity2 in @entity0 , but not in @entity0 .

title: Total, Dietary, and Supplemental @entity1 Intake and Risk of  Incident XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies of @entity1 and @entity2 were conducted mostly in @entity0 and either reported disparate results for supplemental and dietary @entity1 or did not examine dietary @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort analysis. SETTING _ @entity0 : 156,735 @entity0 in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) I and II and 40,536 @entity0 in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). PREDICTOR: Total, dietary, and supplemental @entity1 intake, adjusted for age, body mass index, @entity3 use, and dietary factors. OUTCOMES: Incident @entity2 . RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11.3 to 11.7 years, 6,245 incident @entity2 were identified. After multivariable adjustment, total @entity1 intake (<90 [reference], 90-249, 250-499, 500-999, and  >= 1,000mg/d) was not significantly associated with risk for @entity2 among @entity0 , but was among @entity0 (HRs of 1.00 [reference], 1.19 [95% CI, 0.99-1.46], 1.15 [95% CI, 0.93-1.42], 1.29 [95% CI, 1.04-1.60], and 1.43 [95% CI, 1.15-1.79], respectively; P for trend  = 0.005). Median total @entity1 intake for the 500- to 999-mg/d category was    700mg/d. Supplemental @entity1 intake (no use [reference],  <500, 500-999, and  >= 1,000mg/d) was not significantly associated with risk for @entity2 among @entity0 , but was among @entity0 (HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.01-1.40] for  >= 1,000mg/d; P for trend  = 0.001). Dietary @entity1 intake was not associated with stones among @entity0 or @entity0 , although few @entity0 had dietary intakes > 700mg/d. LIMITATIONS: Nutrient intakes derived from food-frequency questionnaires, lack of data on stone composition for all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Total and supplemental @entity1 intake was significantly associated with higher risk for incident @entity2 in @entity0 , but not in @entity0 .

title: Total, Dietary, and Supplemental XXXX Intake and Risk of  Incident @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The contribution of hepatic sympathetic innervation, glucagon and @entity3 to the glycaemic response to exercise was investigated in @entity0 . Hepatically denervated (LDX) or sham operated (SHAM) @entity0 with permanent catheters were therefore submitted to swimming with or without infusion of @entity5 in combination with adrenodemedullation. Blood samples were taken for measurements of blood @entity1 , plasma free @entity4 (FFA), @entity3 (A), @entity2 (NA), insulin and glucagon. Liver denervation by itself did not influence @entity1 levels during exercise. Infusion of @entity5 in SHAM animals, which inhibited the exercise-induced glucagon response, led to enhanced sympathoadrenal outflow (measured as plasma A and NA) and a reduced blood @entity1 during exercise, suggesting that glucagon serves as a powerful mediator of the glycaemic response during swimming. Infusion of @entity5 in LDX animals failed to enhance plasma NA levels and led to a more pronounced reduction in blood @entity1 levels. This indicates that liver nerves do contribute to the glycaemic response to exercise when glucagon secretion is suppressed. Reduced blood @entity1 levels after adrenodemedullation revealed that adrenal A is another important mediator of the @entity1 response to exercise. Infusion of @entity5 in adrenodemedullated SHAM or LDX animals was not accompanied with increased NA outflow, suggesting that adrenal A is necessary to allow the compensatory increased outflow of NA from sympathetic nerves. In conclusion, the study shows that pancreatic glucagon and adrenal A are the predominant factors influencing the glycaemic response to exercise, whereas a role of the sympathetic liver nerves becomes evident when glucagon secretion is suppressed.

title: Contribution of liver nerves, glucagon, and XXXX to the glycaemic response to exercise in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The contribution of hepatic sympathetic innervation, glucagon and @entity3 to the glycaemic response to exercise was investigated in @entity0 . Hepatically denervated (LDX) or sham operated (SHAM) @entity0 with permanent catheters were therefore submitted to swimming with or without infusion of @entity5 in combination with adrenodemedullation. Blood samples were taken for measurements of blood @entity1 , plasma free @entity4 (FFA), @entity3 (A), @entity2 (NA), insulin and glucagon. Liver denervation by itself did not influence @entity1 levels during exercise. Infusion of @entity5 in SHAM animals, which inhibited the exercise-induced glucagon response, led to enhanced sympathoadrenal outflow (measured as plasma A and NA) and a reduced blood @entity1 during exercise, suggesting that glucagon serves as a powerful mediator of the glycaemic response during swimming. Infusion of @entity5 in LDX animals failed to enhance plasma NA levels and led to a more pronounced reduction in blood @entity1 levels. This indicates that liver nerves do contribute to the glycaemic response to exercise when glucagon secretion is suppressed. Reduced blood @entity1 levels after adrenodemedullation revealed that adrenal A is another important mediator of the @entity1 response to exercise. Infusion of @entity5 in adrenodemedullated SHAM or LDX animals was not accompanied with increased NA outflow, suggesting that adrenal A is necessary to allow the compensatory increased outflow of NA from sympathetic nerves. In conclusion, the study shows that pancreatic glucagon and adrenal A are the predominant factors influencing the glycaemic response to exercise, whereas a role of the sympathetic liver nerves becomes evident when glucagon secretion is suppressed.

title: Contribution of liver nerves, glucagon, and @entity3 to the glycaemic response to exercise in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess interplatform reproducibility of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) measured with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) based on a 2D gradient echo (GRE) sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant and Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved study involved 12 subjects (five healthy volunteers and seven @entity0 with @entity1 ). A multislice 2D-GRE-based MRE sequence was performed using two systems from different vendors (3.0T GE and 1.5T Siemens) on the same day. Two independent observers measured @entity1 and @entity3 on confidence maps. Bland-Altman analysis (with coefficient of reproducibility, CR), coefficient of variability (CV), and intraclass correlation (ICC) were used to analyze interplatform, intra- and interobserver variability. @entity0 data were validated using a gelatin-based phantom. RESULTS: There was excellent reproducibility of phantom @entity2 measurement (CV 4.4%). Mean @entity1 values were 3.44-3.48 kPa and 3.62-3.63 kPa, and mean @entity3 values were 7.54-7.91 kPa and 8.40-8.85 kPa at 3.0T and 1.5T for observers 1 and 2, respectively. The mean CVs between platforms were 9.2%-11.5% and 13.1%-14.4% for @entity1 and @entity3 , respectively, for observers 1 and 2. There was excellent interplatform reproducibility (ICC >0.88 and CR <36.2%) for both @entity1 and @entity3 , and excellent intra- and interobserver reproducibility (intraobserver: ICC >0.99, CV <2.1%, CR <6.6%; interobserver: ICC >0.97, CV and CR <16%). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that 2D-GRE MRE provides platform- and observer-independent @entity1 and @entity3 measurements. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1064-1072.

title: Interplatform reproducibility of liver and XXXX measured with MR elastography.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity0 (TAL), a chronic asymptomatic @entity2 carrier with HBsAg-anti-HBsAg circulating immune complexes, was admitted to our hospital because of a @entity9 due to @entity12 . There was no family history of @entity14 . Recurrent @entity11 , @entity7 , and @entity4 were the prominent clinical features. Laboratory test results showing that severe chronic inflammatory activity had been present for 6 years. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) serum concentration was 10 times normal and @entity8 was 1.9 mg/ml. A complex immunological picture was also present (immune complex formation, exuberant B-cell reactivity, and decrease in the number of CD4 T cells). A localized form of @entity13 ( @entity13 ) (plasma-cell type) was diagnosed by surgical excision of a giant axillary lymph node. AA amyloid was present in the blood vessels. Within 60 days after excision of the mass, the systemic symptoms subsided, laboratory signs of inflammatory activity disappeared and @entity6 serum concentration returned to normal, thus establishing a causal relationship between the localized @entity13 , elevated @entity6 concentration and the @entity1 responsible for @entity10 . At 10 months of follow-up, the @entity9 has reversed, kidney function has slowly ameliorated, and the @entity0 has gained 12 kg. Abdominal fat aspirates drawn to search for amyloid, positive before surgery, were subsequently negative. The latter finding, and the remission of the @entity9 , provided strong evidence for regression of the @entity5 . However, the HBsAg-anti-HBsAg immune complexes and @entity3 of T-helper cell activity persist. This immunological derangement is therefore not a consequence of @entity13 . Chronic stimulation of the immune system due to the @entity0 's inability to eliminate @entity2 , in the contest of perturbed immunity, may have favored the genesis of the lymphadenopathy.

title: Reversal of @entity9 due to reactive amyloidosis (AA-type) after excision of localized XXXX .

answer: @entity13


abstract: The @entity0 (TAL), a chronic asymptomatic @entity2 carrier with HBsAg-anti-HBsAg circulating immune complexes, was admitted to our hospital because of a @entity9 due to @entity12 . There was no family history of @entity14 . Recurrent @entity11 , @entity7 , and @entity4 were the prominent clinical features. Laboratory test results showing that severe chronic inflammatory activity had been present for 6 years. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) serum concentration was 10 times normal and @entity8 was 1.9 mg/ml. A complex immunological picture was also present (immune complex formation, exuberant B-cell reactivity, and decrease in the number of CD4 T cells). A localized form of @entity13 ( @entity13 ) (plasma-cell type) was diagnosed by surgical excision of a giant axillary lymph node. AA amyloid was present in the blood vessels. Within 60 days after excision of the mass, the systemic symptoms subsided, laboratory signs of inflammatory activity disappeared and @entity6 serum concentration returned to normal, thus establishing a causal relationship between the localized @entity13 , elevated @entity6 concentration and the @entity1 responsible for @entity10 . At 10 months of follow-up, the @entity9 has reversed, kidney function has slowly ameliorated, and the @entity0 has gained 12 kg. Abdominal fat aspirates drawn to search for amyloid, positive before surgery, were subsequently negative. The latter finding, and the remission of the @entity9 , provided strong evidence for regression of the @entity5 . However, the HBsAg-anti-HBsAg immune complexes and @entity3 of T-helper cell activity persist. This immunological derangement is therefore not a consequence of @entity13 . Chronic stimulation of the immune system due to the @entity0 's inability to eliminate @entity2 , in the contest of perturbed immunity, may have favored the genesis of the lymphadenopathy.

title: Reversal of XXXX due to reactive amyloidosis (AA-type) after excision of localized @entity13 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment of severe @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is challenging. Although the efficacy of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) and infliximab (IFX) have been evaluated in @entity0 with severe @entity1 , the safety and efficacy levels of sequential therapies ( @entity3 > IFX/IFX > @entity3 ) in these @entity0 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess short-term and long-term outcomes in @entity0 with severe @entity1 treated with @entity3 and IFX. METHODS: From October 2001 to February 2014, 29 @entity0 with consecutive severe @entity1 treated with @entity3 or IFX were retrospectively evaluated. Median follow-up duration was 27   months (range 0.5-118   months). The primary end point was short-term outcomes at 8   weeks after induction of @entity3 ( @entity3 group, n=22) or IFX (IFX group, n=7). The secondary end point included long-term outcomes and colectomy-free survival. The clinical response was evaluated based on a partial Mayo score. RESULTS: The clinical remission (CR) rate at 8   weeks in the @entity3 and IFX groups was 63.6% and 71.4%, respectively. In 13 of the 29 @entity0 (10 in the @entity3 group, 3 in the IFX group), sequential therapies were used in their clinical courses. In 9 of these 13 @entity0 (6 in the @entity3 group, 3 in the IFX group), CR was achieved and maintained by sequential therapies. Overall cumulative colectomy-free survival was 79.3% at 118   months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 and IFX had similar effects on remission induction in @entity0 with severely active @entity1 . Sequential therapies could rescue @entity0 with @entity1 who failed initial treatment with @entity3 or IFX. In clinical practice, sequential therapies might be deliberately performed.

title: @entity2 or infliximab for severe XXXX : short-term and long-term data from a retrospective observational study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment of severe @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is challenging. Although the efficacy of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) and infliximab (IFX) have been evaluated in @entity0 with severe @entity1 , the safety and efficacy levels of sequential therapies ( @entity3 > IFX/IFX > @entity3 ) in these @entity0 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess short-term and long-term outcomes in @entity0 with severe @entity1 treated with @entity3 and IFX. METHODS: From October 2001 to February 2014, 29 @entity0 with consecutive severe @entity1 treated with @entity3 or IFX were retrospectively evaluated. Median follow-up duration was 27   months (range 0.5-118   months). The primary end point was short-term outcomes at 8   weeks after induction of @entity3 ( @entity3 group, n=22) or IFX (IFX group, n=7). The secondary end point included long-term outcomes and colectomy-free survival. The clinical response was evaluated based on a partial Mayo score. RESULTS: The clinical remission (CR) rate at 8   weeks in the @entity3 and IFX groups was 63.6% and 71.4%, respectively. In 13 of the 29 @entity0 (10 in the @entity3 group, 3 in the IFX group), sequential therapies were used in their clinical courses. In 9 of these 13 @entity0 (6 in the @entity3 group, 3 in the IFX group), CR was achieved and maintained by sequential therapies. Overall cumulative colectomy-free survival was 79.3% at 118   months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 and IFX had similar effects on remission induction in @entity0 with severely active @entity1 . Sequential therapies could rescue @entity0 with @entity1 who failed initial treatment with @entity3 or IFX. In clinical practice, sequential therapies might be deliberately performed.

title: XXXX or infliximab for severe @entity1 : short-term and long-term data from a retrospective observational study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity5 in situ of the breast ( @entity6 ) has become common with the advent of breast screening programs. METHODS: Proliferation indices (S-phase fraction) were studied in 76 cases of pure @entity6 . @entity2 were classified according to conventional criteria and also according to a novel simplified classification based on cellular @entity3 and morphology. This new classification defines three distinct @entity2 groups: pure comedo in 19 (25.0%) cases, @entity6 with @entity3 (non-pure comedo) in 21 (27.6%) @entity1 , and @entity6 without @entity3 in 36 (47.4%) of cases, the latter group comprising largely classical cribriform or micropapillary architectural subtypes. RESULTS: Flow cytometric DNA analysis showed a significantly higher S-phase fraction in comedo @entity6 than in the subgroup of @entity2 without @entity3 (P < 0.01 [anova]). A preliminary analysis of disease recurrence and disease-free survival in a large series of 391 cases of pure @entity6 showed that of 181 cases of pure comedo @entity6 there were 19 local recurrences at the 7-year stage (82% 7-year disease-free survival), with 5 local recurrences in 51 cases of @entity6 with @entity3 (non-pure comedo) (85% 7-year disease-free survival) and only 6 local recurrences in the 159 cases of the @entity6 -without- @entity3 subgroup (94% 7-year disease-free survival). The chi 2 value for the frequency of disease recurrence of all cases of @entity6 with @entity3 (i.e., combining the groups of comedo @entity6 and @entity6 with @entity3 (non-pure comedo)) as compared to @entity6 without histological evidence of @entity3 was 5705 (df = 2; P = 0.0001), and the chi 2 for disease-free survival of types of @entity6 with @entity3 as compared to cases without @entity3 was 178 (df = 2; P = 0.0001). This analysis indicates that the histological presence of @entity3 appears to be a relatively powerful predictor of increased disease recurrence and poorer disease-free survival after treatment for @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Necrosis in @entity6 in the absence of pure classical comedo morphology is a feature of more biologically aggressive in situ @entity0 with an intermediate proliferative fraction as compared with the high proliferative fraction of pure comedo @entity6 and the low proliferative fraction of @entity6 without @entity3 . There was no significant difference in DNA ploidy (diploid or aneuploid) between the subgroups as assessed by chi 2 analysis. Further larger studies are required to establish if @entity6 with @entity3 (non-pure comedo) also shows a greater tendency to local recurrence after breast conservation treatment than do subtypes of @entity6 without @entity3 . @entity6 with @entity3 (non-pure comedo) should be adopted as a distinct histological subgroup of @entity6 in future clinical studies of in situ @entity4 .

title: Ideas in pathology. XXXX in situ of the breast: a proposal for a new simplified histological classification association between cellular proliferation and c-erbB-2 protein expression.

answer: @entity5


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle and @entity1 have been developed. Radiographs are indicated if there is tenderness at the posterior edge or tip of either @entity3 or at the navicular or base of the fifth metatarsal or there is inability to both weight bear immediately after the injury and ambulate four steps in the emergency department. This study assessed the efficacy of these rules with health care providers who had not been involved in their development. DESIGN: Prospective @entity0 survey by emergency department attending physicians and triage nurses. SETTING: EDs of a university hospital and a community hospital with a combined annual volume of 100,000. @entity0 : One hundred ten @entity0 older than 16 years who presented with acute blunt ankle and midfoot @entity1 during the 3 months of summer 1993. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity2 were diagnosed. When used by @entity4 attending physicians, the decision rules had a sensitivity of 1.0 and specificity of 0.19 in detecting all midfoot and @entity3 . When used by triage nurses, the sensitivity was 0.9 and specificity was 0.1. The negative predictive values of the decision rules were 1.0 for @entity4 attending physicians and 0.88 for triage nurses. @entity4 attending physicians and triage nurses agreed in 90% of cases regarding the overall decision to obtain radiographs. However, there was only a 47% agreement on all components of the clinical decision rules, with kappa values ranging from 0.60 to 0.76. The accuracies of the predictive rules were similar as applied by the @entity4 attending physicians and the triage nurses (chi 2, P = .23). Application of the Ottawa predictive rules by @entity4 attending physicians would have resulted in a 19% reduction in use of midfoot and ankle radiographs. CONCLUSION: Use of the Ottawa and midfoot clinical decision rules by @entity4 attending physicians of institutions not familiar with the rules' development resulted in 100% sensitivity for all @entity2 and would have allowed these physicians to safely reduce the number of radiographs ordered by 19%.

title: Evaluation of the Ottawa clinical decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle and XXXX in the emergency department: an independent site assessment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Biomechanical analysis of Ponte (PO) and pedicle subtraction osteotomies ( @entity2 ) in @entity1 instrumentation. METHODS: @entity0 -specific biomechanical model was used to computationally simulate seven hyperkyphotic instrumentation cases with three osteotomy strategies-1-level @entity2 , 3-level PO, or 6-level PO; forces within the instrumented spine were assessed and results were analyzed through rANOVA tests. RESULTS: Corrections with multi-level PO were close to those with one-level @entity2 . In upright position, average implant forces were from 225 to 280  N and rod bending moments were around 10 Nm with no significant difference between the three strategies (p  <  0.05). In simulations of 30   flexion, rod bending moments increased by 38, 2, and 8  %, implant forces increased by 28, 23 and 26  % for the 1-level @entity2 , respectively. Correction per vertebral level was smaller than the maximum correction allowed by PO and @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Multi-level PO allows similar kyphotic correction to 1-level @entity2 in @entity1 with mixed indications for PO and @entity2 . Loads on the instrumentation constructs in @entity2 were higher than multi-level PO and higher in 6-level PO than 3-level PO. High loads were located more on the osteotomy sites. The rod shape should be adapted to the anticipated spine correction on the osteotomy sites.

title: Biomechanical analysis of Ponte and pedicle subtraction osteotomies for the surgical correction of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The Lundby Study is a prospective, @entity1 of a normal population that has been repeatedly examined over a period of 25 years. Experienced psychiatrists made home visits and collected the basic information through personal examinations adding supplementary data from other relevant sources. The present book contains point prevalence data of @entity1 such as neuroses, @entity3 , @entity0 , @entity6 , psychopathy, @entity5 , @entity4 , mental complaints, and also of various personality traits in a normal population at two points of time, 15 years apart. Together with earlier published incidence studies the present monograph is intended to give as complete a picture as possible of the mental morbidity in a total population. Our most conspicuous finding was the increase over time of the prevalence of @entity7 . @entity2 represented the largest increase. In the male sex the rate of @entity9 trebled from Time 1 to Time 2, although the female preponderance still remained. Psychopathy and @entity4 , on the other hand, were very markedly @entity8 . A description of how the investigations were performed is included and also a list of publications originating from the Lundby Study. This book will be of interest to physicians and psychiatrists interested in epidemiology and also to governmental planners and social scientists.

title: Prevalence of XXXX , personality traits and mental complaints in the Lundby Study. A point prevalence study of the 1957 Lundby cohort of 2,612 inhabitants of a geographically defined area who were re-examined in 1972 regardless of domicile.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a distinct subtype of @entity2 . We report our results of relapsed/refractory @entity2 @entity0 who received high-dose chemotherapy and autogenic stem cell transplantation (HDC auto- @entity10 ). Seventeen @entity2 @entity0 received HDC auto- @entity10 (1996-2014): male 14 and female 3, with median age at diagnosis of 22  years, at HDC auto- @entity10 28  years (15-58  years). At the time of relapse/progression, 13 (76  %) had @entity2 and 4 (24  %) had transformed diffuse large @entity4 . The reason for HDC auto- @entity10 was refractory @entity2 in 12 @entity0 and relapsed in 5 @entity0 . Salvage chemotherapy was @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity6 (ESHAP); eight @entity0 also received rituximab with ESHAP. HDC was @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity9 (BEAM). Post-auto- @entity10 , complete remission was achieved in 14 (82  %), partial remission in 1 (6  %), and progressive disease in 2 (12  %) @entity0 . The median follow-up is 63  months from auto- @entity10 (6-124  months). Of the nine @entity0 who received only ESHAP, four had post-auto- @entity10 events versus no event in all eight @entity0 who received rituximab   +   ESHAP. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 5-year event-free survival for the whole group is 76  %: @entity5   +   salvage (100  %) versus salvage alone (56  %), P   =   0.041. Overall survival is 94  %: 100 versus 89  %, respectively, P   =   not significant (NS). Even in refractory @entity2 @entity0 , long-term disease-free survival is possible after HDC auto- @entity10 . Post-auto- @entity10 relapse or progression can still be managed with chemo/chemo   +   immunotherapy/radiation. These encouraging results of rituximab in salvage setting should be explored further in a clinical trial setting for this @entity0 population.

title: High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed or refractory nodular lymphocyte predominant XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An experimental histologic and immunohistological investigation of acute @entity4 was performed in a @entity1 model. OBJECTIVE: This study determined (1) the immediate cellular and molecular responses within the spinal cord that result from a clinically relevant @entity6 , (2) the acute astrocytic response to injury using the astrocyte specific @entity2 antibody, and (3) the temporal pattern of cellular and extracellular localization of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) within the @entity4 zone immediately after injury. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Ultimate neurologic outcome from @entity4 results from both the primary mechanical @entity3 and a subsequent cascade of cellular and molecular events that are termed the @entity3 . Efforts aimed at improving neurologic outcome may depend on the manipulation of cellular and molecular mechanisms that are responsible for propagating this @entity3 cascade. Astrocytes and @entity5 are two potentially key components of this @entity3 . METHODS: Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley adult @entity1 underwent open thoracic @entity4 using the Allen weight-drop technique. Spinal cord specimens were harvested at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, and 72 hours after injury for histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation. Harvesting of injured and surrounding uninjured cord was performed before sectioning in sagittal and transverse planes. These paraffin-embedded sections were stained with polyclonal antibodies against @entity2 ( @entity2 , an astrocytic cytoskeleton marker) and @entity5 . RESULTS: A complex astrocytic response to the @entity4 was found within 24 hours of injury. Both the geographic and temporal patterns of astrocyte localization suggest a role in the regulation of @entity4 propagation. High concentrations of extracellular @entity5 were seen immediately after @entity3 at the zone of impact. Subsequently, intracellular @entity5 was seen in astrocytic nuclei and cytoplasm, intramedullary and extramedullary capillary endothelial cells, and in motor neurons. CONCLUSIONS: The neurologic outcome in @entity0 with SCI results in part from a @entity3 whose cellular and molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. This study suggests that both astrocytes and @entity5 are involved in the regulation of spinal cord @entity3 . An improved understanding of their specific roles may result in novel treatments to improve the outcome from SCI.

title: Astrocyte response and transforming growth factor-beta localization in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 is the most important cause of @entity1 during the first year of life after the newborn period in Norway. A case control study was performed by sending questionnaires to 188 @entity2 parents and 475 control parents with @entity0 matched for age, sex and time of birth. 76% of the @entity2 parents and 79% of the control parents completed the questionnaires. The male/female ratio of the babies in both groups was 64/36. The age distribution showed a peak between two and four months. 65% succumbed during the winter months. During the winter 32% died outdoors. This was true for only 16% of those who died during summer. A higher proportion of the @entity2 cases than the controls were premature (more than eight weeks). 78% of the @entity2 victims usually slept prone, whereas this was true for only 50% of the controls (p < 0.01). 91% of the @entity2 victims were found dead in a prone position. When comparing live babies during the first three months of life, significantly more @entity2 mothers than control mothers had stopped breastfeeding. A larger proportion of the @entity2 victims than the controls had had apparent life threatening events (p < 0.01). Foam mattresses were equally frequent in both groups.

title: [Crib XXXX in the eastern regions of Norway 1984-1992. A survey of risk factors].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The rapid determination of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) in human serum by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) with direct sample injection is discussed. Minute (nanoliter) quantities of @entity0 sera are applied to the beginning of a fused @entity4 capillary filled with a @entity1 / @entity7 buffer (pH 9.2) containing 75 mM @entity3 . Upon application of an electric field along the capillary, endogenous and drug substances are transported toward the cathode and separated into distinct zones that are detected by on-column ultraviolet absorption. Depending on the capillary and instrument used, 5-FC is shown to elute within 2-3.5 min of current application and free of endogenous interferences. 5-FC becomes also well separated from another often coadministered antimycotic drug, @entity2 . Thus, quantitation of 5-FC is accomplished without any sample pretreatment. MECC data of 60 @entity0 sera produced on two different automated instruments and 5-FC serum levels obtained by an agar-based bioassay are shown to agree well. For MECC, intraday and interday reproducibility data (80 micrograms/ml level) are shown to be < or = 4.5 and < 7%, respectively. Due to short run times and short capillary equilibration time intervals between runs, a sample throughput of 15/h is feasible. Thus, this technology is suitable for rapid determination of 5-FC serum levels, the time requirement for running a complete calibration, two control sera, and several @entity0 samples being approximately 1 h only.

title: Rapid determination of the antimycotic drug XXXX in human serum by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with direct sample injection.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We evaluated postural effects on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP: mean arterial pressure (MAP) - @entity2 ) in neurosurgical @entity0 undergoing 24-hour @entity2 monitoring as part of their diagnostic workup. We identified 9 @entity0 (5 @entity0 , age 44  20 yrs.; mean  SD) who were "as normal as possible" i.e. without indication for neurosurgical intervention (e.g. focal lesions, global @entity1 , @entity2 or cerebrospinal fluid dynamics). @entity2 (tip-transducer probe, Raumedic) in the brain parenchyma (N=7) or in the lateral ventricles (N=2) and cardiovascular variables (Nexfin) were determined from 20   head-down tilt to standing up. Compared to the supine position, @entity2 increased during 10   and 20   of head-down tilt (from 9.4  3.8 to 14.3  4.7 and 19  4.7 mmHg, P<0.001). Conversely, 10   and 20   head-up tilt reduced @entity2 to 4.8  3.6 and 1.3  3.6 mmHg and @entity2 reached -2.4  4.2 mmHg when standing up (P<0.05). Concordant changes in MAP maintained CPP at 77  7 mmHg regardless of body position (P=0.95). During head-down tilt, the increase in @entity2 corresponded to a hydrostatic pressure gradient with reference just below the heart, likely reflecting the venous hydrostatic indifference point. When upright, the decrease in @entity2 was attenuated, corresponding to formation of a separate hydrostatic gradient with reference to the base of the skull, likely reflecting the site of @entity3 . @entity2 therefore seems to be governed by pressure in the draining veins and collapse of neck veins may protect the brain from being exposed to a large negative pressure when upright. Despite positional changes in @entity2 , MAP keeps CPP tightly regulated.

title: Postural influence on intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressure in ambulatory neurosurgical XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: When the adjacent organ is partially invaded by a @entity3 ( @entity3 ), whether to go on an aggressive resection is a difficult but challenging problem. To investigate the worth of en bloc resections, a retrospective controlled study was conducted. During a 9-year period, nine @entity0 (seven @entity0 , two @entity0 : group I) who had @entity3 with invasions to extrahepatic adjacent organs had undergone en bloc resections. The adjacent organs included diaphragm (eight cases), adrenal gland (two cases), abdominal wall (one case), and spleen (one case). The @entity0 selected for en bloc resections were those with a solitary @entity2 without evidence of vascular invasion or intravascular @entity2 thrombi, daughter nodule(s), or distant @entity1 . The evidence was based on preoperative evaluation by ultrasonography, computed tomography, arteriography, and intraoperative ultrasonography. Eighteen matched @entity0 with @entity3 but no involvement of neighboring organs were selected as controls (14 @entity0 , 4 @entity0 : group II). Though @entity0 of group I had wider invasion of @entity3 and more extensive resection, their surgical morbidity, mortality, hospital mortality, disease-free interval, and survival time were similar to those of group II, who had more limited @entity3 and resections. Eighteen months after operation, the @entity3 recurrence rate was 44% and 41% in groups I and II, respectively, and the percent survivals were 71% and 63%, respectively. We suggest that in cases of large @entity3 with local invasion to neighboring organs, aggressive en bloc resection is recommended after appropriate @entity0 selection.

title: En bloc resection for extensive XXXX : is it advisable?

answer: @entity3


abstract: The role of exfoliative cytology as an adjunct to endoscopic biopsy in the detection of upper @entity1 is controversial insofar as some claim that its use is of little clinical benefit. The role of cytology in the differentiation of benign from @entity2 in 2,183 consecutive @entity0 who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy was examined. Malignancy was confirmed in 394 @entity0 . Both endoscopic biopsy and cytology were positive in 275 of 394 (69.8%) @entity0 . Endoscopic biopsy provided the diagnosis in the presence of negative cytology in 73 of 394 (18.5%) cases, while cytology was positive after a negative biopsy in 36 of 394 (9.2%) @entity0 . Ten of 394 (2.5%) @entity0 were not diagnosed preoperatively using either modality. Endoscopic biopsy yielded a sensitivity of 88.3%, specificity of 99.9%, positive predictive value of 99.7% and negative predictive value of 97.6%. Cytology alone, in contrast, yielded a sensitivity of 79%, specificity of 98.5%, positive predictive value of 92.3% and negative predictive value of 95.6%. With the additional use of cytology, the diagnostic yield was increased from 88.3% to 97.5%. We conclude that upper gastrointestinal exfoliative cytology is a useful adjunct in the investigation of @entity0 with suspicious @entity2 .

title: Adjunctive endoscopic brush cytology in the detection of upper XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Endotoxin shock, with maximal velocity of contraction (Vmax) as our index of contractility, showed no @entity2 in an earlier 4-h study (Guntheroth, @entity4 . Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 157: 610--614, 1978). Because of reports of late deterioration, we studied six @entity1 until spontaneous @entity0 (9--18 h). Heart rate nearly doubled and left ventricular filling pressure and aortic mean pressure fell, but Vmax did not change significantly. Because of concern that the marked increase in heart rate may have contributed to an artifactual maintenance of Vmax (due to its frequency dependence, inherent in dp/dt), we studied a final group of five @entity1 with three additional indicators of contractility. End-systolic pressure-diameter ratio (Emax), ejection fraction (sonar-determined from the minor axis of the left ventricle), and frequency-normalized average rate of generation of power density (FARPD) all fell early and remained low until @entity0 . We conclude that myocardial contractility is significantly reduced in endotoxin shock, early and sustained. Its presence is masked somewhat in the untreated subject by the reduced work load, secondary to @entity3 .

title: Left ventricular performance in endotoxin shock in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Tissue polypeptide antigen ( @entity2 ) is a protein produced and released by proliferating cells that has been shown to possess several characteristics for an ideal @entity1 marker. Our purpose was to determine the yield of @entity2 in the pretreatment assessment of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), in comparison with a baseline clinical evaluation and multiorgan computed tomography (CT) assumed to be the gold standard for presurgical staging. One hundred four @entity0 with @entity3 underwent thoracotomy, mediastinoscopy, or biopsy of suspected metastatic deposits, in addition to an extensive noninvasive evaluation of their stage of disease. We restaged retrospectively (UICC 1987 classification) these @entity0 , on the basis of the following: (1) clinical history and physical examination, routine laboratory tests, bronchoscopy, chest radiographs, and any other examination as indicated by the prior baseline evaluation (BE stage); (2) the serum level of @entity2 ( @entity2 stage); (3) the reading of a CT scan of brain, thorax, and abdomen obtained with no limitation to clinical information (CT stage); and (4) pathologic findings (RE stage). The @entity2 stage was calculated using 20 threshold values ranging from 45 U/L to 450 U/L. On the basis of the RE stage, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and predictive capabilities of BE, CT, and @entity2 were determined for stage I and II (full operability, FO), stage IIIa (possible operability, PO), and stage IIIb and IV (full inoperability, FI). The @entity2 thresholds were 110 U/L for detecting FO with the highest rate of success, and 160 U/L for detecting FI. Using these thresholds BE, CT, and @entity2 showed a diagnostic accuracy of, respectively, 75%, 79%, and 68% for FO; 87%, 69%, and 77% for PO; 87%, 77%, and 76% for FI. The accuracy of BE, CT, and @entity2 for both FO and FI was, respectively, 85%, 69%, and 69%. Of 74 @entity0 classified operable by BE, 6 had a serum concentration of @entity2 less than 50 U/L and all 6 were confirmed in stage I or II at the subsequent thoracotomy; 15 others, out of 26 @entity0 judged to have inoperable conditions by BE, had a @entity2 test result above 135 U/L and all 15 were pathologically classified in stage IIIb or IV. Using appropriate threshold values of @entity2 , it should be possible to predict @entity3 resectability with a diagnostic accuracy similar to that routinely achieved by CT.

title: The tissue polypeptide antigen serum test in the preoperative evaluation of XXXX . Diagnostic yield and comparison with conventional staging methods.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The histone H1 fraction from the @entity0 @entity1 cell line F9 can be resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into at least 15 components. Ten of these components incorporate 32P from administered @entity4 . The digestion of 3H- and @entity5 -labeled samples with alkaline phosphatase indicates that this cell line has at least five H1 subtypes, three of which have not been observed in the @entity0 before. Every subtype is phosphorylated to some extent. There are, however, striking differences among them in the degree of phosphorylation in interphase, both in the proportion of molecules present as phosphorylated forms and in the numbers of @entity2 groups per molecule. Phosphorylations of two types are discernible; most phosphorylations do not significantly affect the mobility of the protein in @entity3 -containing gels but one does, probably reflecting a phosphorylation-induced alteration in protein conformation. Four subtypes undergo only the first type of phosphorylation; the other subtype undergoes both types of phosphorylation. The same 5 subtypes are also present in two other independently derived @entity1 cell lines. In contrast, two differentiated (endoderm-like) cell lines derived from @entity6 lack @entity7 , and one also lacks @entity8 . Our results are consistent with the view that the H1 subtypes differ from each other functionally. They also show that neither @entity7 nor @entity8 is essential for cell division.

title: The H1 histones and their interphase phosphorylated states in differentiated and undifferentiated cell lines derived from @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The histone H1 fraction from the @entity0 @entity1 cell line F9 can be resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into at least 15 components. Ten of these components incorporate 32P from administered @entity4 . The digestion of 3H- and @entity5 -labeled samples with alkaline phosphatase indicates that this cell line has at least five H1 subtypes, three of which have not been observed in the @entity0 before. Every subtype is phosphorylated to some extent. There are, however, striking differences among them in the degree of phosphorylation in interphase, both in the proportion of molecules present as phosphorylated forms and in the numbers of @entity2 groups per molecule. Phosphorylations of two types are discernible; most phosphorylations do not significantly affect the mobility of the protein in @entity3 -containing gels but one does, probably reflecting a phosphorylation-induced alteration in protein conformation. Four subtypes undergo only the first type of phosphorylation; the other subtype undergoes both types of phosphorylation. The same 5 subtypes are also present in two other independently derived @entity1 cell lines. In contrast, two differentiated (endoderm-like) cell lines derived from @entity6 lack @entity7 , and one also lacks @entity8 . Our results are consistent with the view that the H1 subtypes differ from each other functionally. They also show that neither @entity7 nor @entity8 is essential for cell division.

title: The H1 histones and their interphase phosphorylated states in differentiated and undifferentiated cell lines derived from XXXX @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Seven normal controls and 51 lower extremities with @entity4 in 45 @entity0 were studied with ambulatory venous pressure. Measurements were done at rest and during 15 seconds of exercise without a tourniquet and with 1 or 2 tourniquets at different levels of the extremity. The decrease in pressure during exercise and the time to return to standing levels were used to calculate a venous sufficiency index. Six pathologic categories were identified in @entity0 with chronic @entity2 . Incompetence of perforators was present in 17 cases. A combination of long saphenous vein and perforator @entity1 was detected in 10 cases. Thirteen cases had a pattern of regurgitant deep vein @entity1 . Two cases had @entity1 of the saphenous system. A deep @entity3 pattern was present in 3 other @entity0 . Ascending and retrograde phlebography was done in 30 of these cases. There was an 83.3% correlation between the venous pressure and phlebographic tests. Contrast studies were found to be complementary and added extra-anatomical information. Based on these special studies, a rational approach to the treatment of @entity4 has evolved. The early results are encouraging.

title: Pathophysiologic evaluation of chronic XXXX with ambulatory venous pressure studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The competence of general practitioners (GPs) in diagnosing @entity2 was assessed using standardized @entity0 (SPs) unknown to the doctors. Out of a computer-generated random sample of 100 general practitioners in Kuala Lumpur, 42 volunteered to participate in the study. The results showed that the GPs can be divided into three groups: group A made the correct diagnosis and informed the SPs about their condition (11.9%); group B prescribed tranquillizers and did not inform the SPs of the actual diagnosis but instead said that they were either normal or were suffering from some stress (28.6%); and group C made various diagnoses of @entity1 or did not detect any abnormality at all (59.5%). Thus about 40% of the doctors considered an @entity1 and only 12% of the doctors were confident enough to make and inform the @entity0 of the actual diagnosis. Group A significantly (P < 0.001) asked higher numbers of relevant questions in the signs and symptoms section of the history than the other two groups. No differences between the three groups were observed in the other two sections of history-taking (personality, family, social and precipitating factors), in the general and specific physical examination and interpersonal skills. Generally, with the exception of the interpersonal skills section, the doctors performed less than 40% of the expected tasks in every section. The study highlighted the lack of competence in making a definite diagnosis of @entity2 . Among those who apparently made the diagnosis (group B) or made the diagnosis with certainty (group A), there was no demonstration of appropriate treatment behaviour with respect to pharmacological intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Assessing the competence of general practitioners in diagnosing generalized XXXX using standardized @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The competence of general practitioners (GPs) in diagnosing @entity2 was assessed using standardized @entity0 (SPs) unknown to the doctors. Out of a computer-generated random sample of 100 general practitioners in Kuala Lumpur, 42 volunteered to participate in the study. The results showed that the GPs can be divided into three groups: group A made the correct diagnosis and informed the SPs about their condition (11.9%); group B prescribed tranquillizers and did not inform the SPs of the actual diagnosis but instead said that they were either normal or were suffering from some stress (28.6%); and group C made various diagnoses of @entity1 or did not detect any abnormality at all (59.5%). Thus about 40% of the doctors considered an @entity1 and only 12% of the doctors were confident enough to make and inform the @entity0 of the actual diagnosis. Group A significantly (P < 0.001) asked higher numbers of relevant questions in the signs and symptoms section of the history than the other two groups. No differences between the three groups were observed in the other two sections of history-taking (personality, family, social and precipitating factors), in the general and specific physical examination and interpersonal skills. Generally, with the exception of the interpersonal skills section, the doctors performed less than 40% of the expected tasks in every section. The study highlighted the lack of competence in making a definite diagnosis of @entity2 . Among those who apparently made the diagnosis (group B) or made the diagnosis with certainty (group A), there was no demonstration of appropriate treatment behaviour with respect to pharmacological intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Assessing the competence of general practitioners in diagnosing generalized @entity2 using standardized XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Plasma @entity2 activity (PRA) was determined in plasma samples obtained approximately at 6-min intervals during consecutive non- @entity3 (NREMS) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) periods in @entity1 chronically implanted with EEG electrodes, a brain thermistor, and an intracardiac catheter. PRA was low in @entity3 and high in NREMS: this difference was statistically significant. The PRAs in wakefulness and NREMS were not different. Sleep-associated variations in systemic blood pressure (BP) were also recorded in a group of @entity1 implanted with a chronic aortic catheter. During @entity3 , large oscillations superimposed on a tonic rise in BP were observed, and the end of @entity3 was followed by an abrupt fall in BP. This is the first demonstration of sleep-associated variations in PRA in a species other than @entity0 . The changes in BP in the @entity1 during @entity3 confirm previous reports and, unlike those in many other species, are similar to those previously described in @entity0 . The @entity1 therefore provides a model for study of the mechanisms of the sleep-related variations in PRA and BP. The changes in PRA may reflect a regulatory response to variations in BP or may result from central mechanisms, e.g. the sleep-associated changes in serotonergic activity.

title: Sleep-associated variations in plasma XXXX activity and blood pressure in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Plasma @entity2 activity (PRA) was determined in plasma samples obtained approximately at 6-min intervals during consecutive non- @entity3 (NREMS) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) periods in @entity1 chronically implanted with EEG electrodes, a brain thermistor, and an intracardiac catheter. PRA was low in @entity3 and high in NREMS: this difference was statistically significant. The PRAs in wakefulness and NREMS were not different. Sleep-associated variations in systemic blood pressure (BP) were also recorded in a group of @entity1 implanted with a chronic aortic catheter. During @entity3 , large oscillations superimposed on a tonic rise in BP were observed, and the end of @entity3 was followed by an abrupt fall in BP. This is the first demonstration of sleep-associated variations in PRA in a species other than @entity0 . The changes in BP in the @entity1 during @entity3 confirm previous reports and, unlike those in many other species, are similar to those previously described in @entity0 . The @entity1 therefore provides a model for study of the mechanisms of the sleep-related variations in PRA and BP. The changes in PRA may reflect a regulatory response to variations in BP or may result from central mechanisms, e.g. the sleep-associated changes in serotonergic activity.

title: Sleep-associated variations in plasma @entity2 activity and blood pressure in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Optimal function of a single lead P wave synchronous rate adaptive ventricular pacing system ( @entity3 ) requires reliable P wave sensing over time and during daily activities. The stability of P wave sensing and the incidence of sensitivity reprogramming in a single pass lead with a diagonally arranged bipole was assessed in 30 @entity0 with complete @entity1 over a follow-up period of 12 +/- 1 months (range 6 months to 3 years). Atrial sensing was assessed during clinic visits, by physical maneuvers (postural changes, breathing, Valsalva maneuver, walking and isometric exercise), maximum treadmill exercise and Holter recordings. P wave amplitude at implantation was 1.21 +/- 0.09 (0.5-3.6) mV, and the atrial sensing threshold remained stable over the entire period of follow-up. Using an atrial sensitivity based on twice the sensing threshold at 1 month, P wave undersensing was found in 2, 4, 3, and 7 @entity0 during clinic visit, physical maneuvers, exercise, and Holter recordings, respectively. Atrial sensitivity reprogramming was performed in three @entity0 based on the correction of undersensing during physical maneuvers. Although eight @entity0 had atrial undersensing on Holter recordings, the number of undersensed P waves was small (total 101 beats or 0.013% +/- 0.001% of total ventricular beats) and no @entity0 was symptomatic. One @entity0 had intermittent atrial undersensing at the highest sensitivity, but the @entity3 mode was still functional most of the time. No @entity0 had myopotential interference at the programmed sensitivity. One @entity0 developed chronic @entity2 and was programmed to the VVIR mode. Thus, single lead @entity3 pacing is a stable pacing mode in 97% of @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term stability of P wave sensing in single lead XXXX pacing: clinical versus subclinical atrial undersensing.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Intravascular activation of the complement system with cobra venom factor results in @entity5 , which has been quantitated by increases in lung vascular permeability. Cobra venom factor preparations devoid of @entity11 activity retain full lung-damaging capacity. The @entity6 is associated with the preceding appearance of chemotactic activity in the serum coincident with the development of a profound @entity8 . The chemotactic activity is immunochemically related to @entity0 @entity10 . Morphologic studies have revealed discontinuities in the endothelial cell lining of @entity3 , damage and/or destruction of endothelial cells in these areas, plugging of @entity3 with neutrophils that are in direct contact with vascular basement membrane, the presence of fibrin in alveolar spaces and in areas adjacent to damaged endothelial cells, and @entity4 . @entity6 is dramatically attenuated in animals that have been previously neutrophil depleted. Teh intravenous injection of @entity2 dismutase or @entity9 also provides significant protection from the @entity3 . Very little protection from the @entity3 . Very little protection is afforded by pretreatment of rats with @entity12 . These studies suggest that intravascular activation of the complement system leads to neutrophil aggregation and activation, intrapulmonary capillary sequestration of neutrophils, and @entity7 , which may be related to production of toxic @entity1 metabolites by complement-activated neutrophils.

title: Intravascular activation of complement and @entity5 . Dependency on neutrophils and toxic XXXX metabolites.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Intravascular activation of the complement system with cobra venom factor results in @entity5 , which has been quantitated by increases in lung vascular permeability. Cobra venom factor preparations devoid of @entity11 activity retain full lung-damaging capacity. The @entity6 is associated with the preceding appearance of chemotactic activity in the serum coincident with the development of a profound @entity8 . The chemotactic activity is immunochemically related to @entity0 @entity10 . Morphologic studies have revealed discontinuities in the endothelial cell lining of @entity3 , damage and/or destruction of endothelial cells in these areas, plugging of @entity3 with neutrophils that are in direct contact with vascular basement membrane, the presence of fibrin in alveolar spaces and in areas adjacent to damaged endothelial cells, and @entity4 . @entity6 is dramatically attenuated in animals that have been previously neutrophil depleted. Teh intravenous injection of @entity2 dismutase or @entity9 also provides significant protection from the @entity3 . Very little protection from the @entity3 . Very little protection is afforded by pretreatment of rats with @entity12 . These studies suggest that intravascular activation of the complement system leads to neutrophil aggregation and activation, intrapulmonary capillary sequestration of neutrophils, and @entity7 , which may be related to production of toxic @entity1 metabolites by complement-activated neutrophils.

title: Intravascular activation of complement and XXXX . Dependency on neutrophils and toxic @entity1 metabolites.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity3 in 154 @entity0 and 147 @entity0 without @entity1 was quantitatively studied by means of computed tomography. The ages ranged from 20 to 79 years. The volume percentage of brain to @entity2 (Craniocerebral Index, or CCI) was calculated by means of computer programs available in CT systems. The mean CCI in the 20-39 age group was constant at 98.4 per cent in @entity0 and 98.7 in @entity0 , and this was considered the standard for the CCI in subjects with nonatrophied brains. The percentage of each subject's CCI in relation to this standard in both sexes (Brain Volume Index, or BVI) was calculated as the indicator of @entity3 . The normal value for BVI was therefore 100 per cent in both sexes. A clear difference was observed between @entity0 and @entity0 in the process of @entity3 with increasing age. In @entity0 a significant reduction in BVI began in the sixth decade of life (P less than 0.01); thereafter, the decline was gradual and steady through the eighth decade (P less than 0.05). In @entity0 , a significant reduction in BVI began in the fifth decade (P less than 0.01) and remained relatively constant during the fifth and sixth decades but declined significantly again in the seventh and eighth decades. In both sexes, remarkable individual differences in @entity3 were characteristic.

title: Sex difference in XXXX during aging; a quantitative study with computed tomography.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We discussed how long should postmole @entity0 be followed up by the analysis of 44 cases of postmolar invasive mole and 14 cases of @entity1 treated in our hospital between 1971 and 1979. All of the invasive mole have been detected before their urinary hCG titer fell below normal pituitary LH level and by the 5 th month after the termination of molar pregnancy. While only 2 cases out of 14 cases of @entity1 have been detected before their urinary hCG titer fell below LH level and by the 5 th postmole month. The other 12 cases of @entity1 were diagnosed later than the 6 th postmole month. The longest interval between termination of mole and diagnosis of @entity1 was 7 years and 2 months, the interval of which was also the longest among all of the @entity1 registered to the Committee of Registration for @entity2 in Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 1974 through 1978. Therefore from the empirical point of view, the postmole @entity0 should be followed up to 7 years and 2 months at the shortest. Besides almost all of the secondary sequelae after mole which were detected before urinary hCG titer fell below LH level were actually invasive mole (44 cases). @entity1 (2 cases) in this stage was exceptional (2 cases/46 cases = 4.4%). On the other hand, once the molar @entity0 showed normal LH level in their urinary hCG determination, the secondary sequela was invariably @entity1 . This way of discriminating invasive mole from @entity1 is the key in the management of postmolar @entity0 .

title: [On the follow up period of postmolar XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two cell lines, Kuramochi and CKS, established from @entity0 @entity1 , were analyzed in vitro drug sensitivity to @entity5 and @entity6 . These values were compared to those of eight @entity0 @entity3 cell lines composed of various histological types. The CKS cell line, derived from serious @entity7 , was less sensitive to both test-drugs than the groups of @entity3 cell lines. Therapeutic indices of the two drugs were very low. So it was considered that the two drugs were unsuitable to chemotherapy to @entity8 . The Kuramochi cell line, derived from undifferentiated @entity2 , was less sensitive to @entity5 than the groups of @entity3 cell line. However, it was as sensitive to @entity6 as high-sensitive @entity3 cell lines. Therapeutic index of the @entity6 in the undifferentiated @entity2 was high. So it was considered that @entity6 was suitable to chemotherapy to undifferentiated @entity4 . The cytocydal actions of the two drugs were dependent upon dose and time. Time-dependency was, however, smaller in @entity6 than in @entity5 .

title: [Quantitative analysis on in vitro drug sensitivity of cultured @entity0 XXXX cell lines (author's transl)].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two cell lines, Kuramochi and CKS, established from @entity0 @entity1 , were analyzed in vitro drug sensitivity to @entity5 and @entity6 . These values were compared to those of eight @entity0 @entity3 cell lines composed of various histological types. The CKS cell line, derived from serious @entity7 , was less sensitive to both test-drugs than the groups of @entity3 cell lines. Therapeutic indices of the two drugs were very low. So it was considered that the two drugs were unsuitable to chemotherapy to @entity8 . The Kuramochi cell line, derived from undifferentiated @entity2 , was less sensitive to @entity5 than the groups of @entity3 cell line. However, it was as sensitive to @entity6 as high-sensitive @entity3 cell lines. Therapeutic index of the @entity6 in the undifferentiated @entity2 was high. So it was considered that @entity6 was suitable to chemotherapy to undifferentiated @entity4 . The cytocydal actions of the two drugs were dependent upon dose and time. Time-dependency was, however, smaller in @entity6 than in @entity5 .

title: [Quantitative analysis on in vitro drug sensitivity of cultured XXXX @entity1 cell lines (author's transl)].

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the present study we performed a light microscopic anatomical comparison of adrenalectomy (ADX)-induced @entity2 using @entity4 impregnation and reaction of astroglial cells using @entity1 immunocytochemistry in the hippocampus of the @entity0 . Three survival times following ADX were studied: 24 hours, 3 days, and 3 weeks. Twenty-four hours following ADX we found no degenerative changes or altered @entity1 immunostaining. Three days after adrenalectomy, argyrophilic somata appeared in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus. Argyrophilic dendrites were seen in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and neuritic argyrophilia were seen in the mossy fiber layer. Induction of @entity1 immunoreactivity occurred simultaneously with degeneration. Increased @entity1 immunoreactivity could be observed 3 days after adrenalectomy in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, granular cell layer, sub and supragranular cell layer, and mossy fiber layer. Size and shape of astroglial cells were changed, and their processes in the molecular layer changed from unidirectional to randomly organized. Degeneration and astroglial reaction were more pronounced 3 weeks after adrenalectomy and both were prevented by adding @entity5 to the drinking solution. Animals that did not show degenerative changes showed no increased @entity1 immunoreactivity, while both effects were confined to the dentate gyrus and mossy fiber zone. These results show that there is a close relationship between the induction of @entity1 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of the @entity0 and @entity3 in the dentate gyrus following ADX, both in time and space.

title: Induction of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the @entity0 dentate gyrus after adrenalectomy: comparison with neurodegenerative changes using XXXX impregnation.

answer: @entity4