abstract: BACKGROUND: Involvement of the Achilles tendon is frequent in @entity6 , but it is easily missed at clinical examination. OBJECTIVE: To seek evidence of @entity3 by means of sonography in psoriatic @entity0 and to correlate sonographic findings with clinical symptoms (tendon and soft-tissue swelling, @entity1 , and difficulty in walking). METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity0 with @entity5 (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score, 3.7-34.7) and 50 healthy, aged-matched volunteers underwent clinical and sonographic evaluation of Achilles tendons and peritendinous structures. RESULTS: Eighteen (30.5%) of the 59 @entity0 had clinical symptoms of @entity4 . Thirty-five (59.3%) of the @entity0 had sonographic abnormalities. Of these, 13 @entity0 had clinically symptomatic abnormalities, and 11 had @entity6 . @entity2 was the most frequent sonographic finding (76.9%) among @entity0 with symptomatic conditions. Five @entity0 with symptoms did not have sonographic alterations. None of the controls had clinical or sonographic changes. CONCLUSIONS: In psoriatic @entity0 @entity3 cannot be excluded even when they are clinically absent.

title: @entity4 in XXXX : clinical and sonographic findings.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Mucins are the dominant component in the protective mucus layer on mucosal surfaces including the larynx. Hence, they are part of the first line of defence against external stimuli including effect of smoking in the larynx. We asked whether existing published evidence supported the hypothesis that alteration in mucins expression/production is related to the laryngeal neoplastic process. The objective of this study is to review published evidence for mucins having an important role in normal laryngeal physiology and the development of @entity1 (SCC). We aimed to review all available literature on mucins in the larynx in order to develop hypotheses to be tested by future research. Thereby, new potential means of prevention and treatment of @entity0 may be developed. A systematic search of all published literature was conducted. Systematic searches were done in the following databases: AMED, BNI, EMBASE, HMIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and HEALTH BUSINESS ELITE from their respective inception up to 11 February 2011. The following keywords were used in combination: mucin, @entity1 . Altogether, 53 studies were identified; 43 studies were excluded following screening of the titles and abstracts. Full text manuscripts for ten studies were obtained for detailed evaluation and five studies were included in this review. No single study fulfilled all relevant criteria. Based on the included studies, we now know that @entity2 is definitely expressed in SCC larynx. However, there is no definitive evidence to suggest that @entity2 and @entity4 are aberrantly expressed in SCC larynx as compared to normal larynx. Further studies using the best available detection technique to detect @entity2 , @entity4 and other possible relevant mucins i.e., @entity3 on adequate numbers of normal and SCC specimens are needed to confirm the findings of this review.

title: What role do mucins have in the development of XXXX ? A systematic review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity8 is a hereditary @entity2 with high rates of de novo mutations, and carries a high risk of @entity1 . It affects both sexes and all races and ethnic groups. It is characterized by multiple cutaneous lesions and @entity1 , both benign and malignant, especially in the nervous system. We report a 52-year-old @entity0 with a type 1 @entity8 , presenting with @entity4 , @entity7 and @entity5 . On physical examination, the @entity0 was @entity7 and had "caf   au lait" spots in the skin. A magnetic resonance imaging showed bile duct dilation and a possible @entity3 . The @entity0 was operated, during the exploration she presented a @entity1 and multiple small nodular lesions in the stomach, the @entity1 was resected with a pancreaticoduodenectomy and the nodular gastric lesions were biopsied. The pathological study revealed a combined @entity9 . The study of the stomach lesions revealed a @entity6 . Four months after surgery, the @entity0 is in good condition.

title: [Combined periampullary adenocarcinoma and @entity1 in type 1 XXXX : report of one case].

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity8 is a hereditary @entity2 with high rates of de novo mutations, and carries a high risk of @entity1 . It affects both sexes and all races and ethnic groups. It is characterized by multiple cutaneous lesions and @entity1 , both benign and malignant, especially in the nervous system. We report a 52-year-old @entity0 with a type 1 @entity8 , presenting with @entity4 , @entity7 and @entity5 . On physical examination, the @entity0 was @entity7 and had "caf   au lait" spots in the skin. A magnetic resonance imaging showed bile duct dilation and a possible @entity3 . The @entity0 was operated, during the exploration she presented a @entity1 and multiple small nodular lesions in the stomach, the @entity1 was resected with a pancreaticoduodenectomy and the nodular gastric lesions were biopsied. The pathological study revealed a combined @entity9 . The study of the stomach lesions revealed a @entity6 . Four months after surgery, the @entity0 is in good condition.

title: [Combined periampullary adenocarcinoma and XXXX in type 1 @entity8 : report of one case].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) is a disease-specific questionnaire for assessing health-related quality of life. The main objective of this study is to assess three main areas of the validation of the Greek IBDQ: internal validity, designating items to dimensions, and selecting items for a short form. An additional aim is to present alternative validation methods for improved and robust results. METHODS: A total of 134 @entity0 with @entity3 , including 74 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 60 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), completed the Greek IBDQ. Internal validity was assessed by using standard methods and multiple correlation analysis. Factor analysis of the 32 items of the questionnaire was carried out to identify the underlying dimensions, using principal factor analysis and maximal likelihood. For selecting items for a short form, three methods of linear regression analysis were used. RESULTS: All items had adequate convergent validity (except item 11 in the @entity1 group) and acceptable discriminant validity (except item 11 for both groups). Factor analysis yielded five factors (emotional function, social function, systemic symptoms, bowel symptoms, and abdominal symptoms). The combination of three regression techniques and their internal validity yielded two similar but distinct short forms, one for @entity2 and one for @entity1 . Both forms had high correlation with the total IBDQ score (R(2) = 0.949 and 0.977, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The Greek IBDQ had good internal validity. The original designation in four dimensions and the original short form could be improved with only slight modifications.

title: Improved validation of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire and development of a short form in Greek XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The study was conducted to look at the effectiveness of a multimicronutrient-fortified complementary food on the micronutrient status, linear growth and psychomotor development of 6- to 12-month-old @entity0 from a black urban disadvantaged community in the Western Cape, South Africa. The study was designed as an intervention study. In both the experimental and control groups, serum @entity3 concentration showed a decline over the intervention period of 6 months. The decline was less pronounced in the experimental group. This resulted in a significantly (P<005) higher serum @entity3 concentration at 12 months in the experimental group (26.8+/-5.8 microg/dl) compared with the control group (21.4+/-5 microg/dl). Serum @entity1 concentration also declined over the intervention period. The decline was less pronounced in the experimental group. No difference was observed in haemoglobin levels between the groups at 12 months. Serum @entity2 concentration did not differ significantly between the two groups at follow up. @entity4 over the 6 months period did not differ significantly between the experimental (2.1+/-0.9 kg) and control groups (2.1+/-1.2 kg). There was no difference in linear growth between the experimental (10.0+/-1.5 cm) and control group (10.1+/-2.1 cm) at the end of the follow-up period. Weight and length at 6 months significantly predicted weight and length at 12 months. No difference was observed in psychomotor developmental scores between the two groups after 6 months of intervention. Introducing a multimicronutrient-fortified complementary food into the diet of 6- to 12-month-old @entity0 seemed to have an arresting effect on declining serum @entity3 and @entity1 concentration in the experimental group. No benefit was observed in serum @entity2 concentration, linear growth and psychomotor development.

title: The effect of a micronutrient-fortified complementary food on micronutrient status, growth and development of 6- to 12-month-old disadvantaged urban South African XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) decreases polymerization of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) and improves outcomes in @entity5 ( @entity9 ). Therefore, a therapeutic goal in @entity9 is pharmacologic reactivation of HbF. Silencing of the @entity7 (HbF) gene is associated with DNA methylation. The @entity6 analog @entity8 ( @entity8 ) hypomethylates DNA by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase. We examined if subcutaneous @entity8 could increase HbF levels and improve @entity9 pathophysiology without @entity1 . Eight symptomatic @entity9 @entity0 resistant or intolerant of standard treatment with @entity3 received @entity8 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously 1 to 3 times per week in 2 cycles of 6-week duration. Treatment decreased neutrophils and increased mean HbF (6.5% to 20.4%, P <.0001) and mean total hemoglobin (76 to 96 g/L [7.6 to 9.6 g/dL], P <.001). Features of @entity2 pathophysiology such as red cell adhesion, endothelial damage, and coagulation pathway activity significantly improved. @entity7 gene promoter methylation decreased, and platelets and the proportion of megakaryocytes and erythroid cells in the marrow increased without a decrease in marrow cellularity, consistent with a DNA hypomethylating, noncytotoxic mechanism of action. Weekly subcutaneous @entity8 produces cumulative increases in HbF and total hemoglobin through a noncytotoxic mechanism of action. Chronic dosing and sustained increases in hemoglobin F and total hemoglobin levels may be possible. Further studies in @entity9 and @entity4 are indicated.

title: Effects of @entity8 on fetal hemoglobin levels, red cell adhesion, and hematopoietic differentiation in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) decreases polymerization of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) and improves outcomes in @entity5 ( @entity9 ). Therefore, a therapeutic goal in @entity9 is pharmacologic reactivation of HbF. Silencing of the @entity7 (HbF) gene is associated with DNA methylation. The @entity6 analog @entity8 ( @entity8 ) hypomethylates DNA by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase. We examined if subcutaneous @entity8 could increase HbF levels and improve @entity9 pathophysiology without @entity1 . Eight symptomatic @entity9 @entity0 resistant or intolerant of standard treatment with @entity3 received @entity8 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously 1 to 3 times per week in 2 cycles of 6-week duration. Treatment decreased neutrophils and increased mean HbF (6.5% to 20.4%, P <.0001) and mean total hemoglobin (76 to 96 g/L [7.6 to 9.6 g/dL], P <.001). Features of @entity2 pathophysiology such as red cell adhesion, endothelial damage, and coagulation pathway activity significantly improved. @entity7 gene promoter methylation decreased, and platelets and the proportion of megakaryocytes and erythroid cells in the marrow increased without a decrease in marrow cellularity, consistent with a DNA hypomethylating, noncytotoxic mechanism of action. Weekly subcutaneous @entity8 produces cumulative increases in HbF and total hemoglobin through a noncytotoxic mechanism of action. Chronic dosing and sustained increases in hemoglobin F and total hemoglobin levels may be possible. Further studies in @entity9 and @entity4 are indicated.

title: Effects of XXXX on fetal hemoglobin levels, red cell adhesion, and hematopoietic differentiation in @entity0 with @entity5 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) decreases polymerization of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) and improves outcomes in @entity5 ( @entity9 ). Therefore, a therapeutic goal in @entity9 is pharmacologic reactivation of HbF. Silencing of the @entity7 (HbF) gene is associated with DNA methylation. The @entity6 analog @entity8 ( @entity8 ) hypomethylates DNA by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase. We examined if subcutaneous @entity8 could increase HbF levels and improve @entity9 pathophysiology without @entity1 . Eight symptomatic @entity9 @entity0 resistant or intolerant of standard treatment with @entity3 received @entity8 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously 1 to 3 times per week in 2 cycles of 6-week duration. Treatment decreased neutrophils and increased mean HbF (6.5% to 20.4%, P <.0001) and mean total hemoglobin (76 to 96 g/L [7.6 to 9.6 g/dL], P <.001). Features of @entity2 pathophysiology such as red cell adhesion, endothelial damage, and coagulation pathway activity significantly improved. @entity7 gene promoter methylation decreased, and platelets and the proportion of megakaryocytes and erythroid cells in the marrow increased without a decrease in marrow cellularity, consistent with a DNA hypomethylating, noncytotoxic mechanism of action. Weekly subcutaneous @entity8 produces cumulative increases in HbF and total hemoglobin through a noncytotoxic mechanism of action. Chronic dosing and sustained increases in hemoglobin F and total hemoglobin levels may be possible. Further studies in @entity9 and @entity4 are indicated.

title: Effects of @entity8 on fetal hemoglobin levels, red cell adhesion, and hematopoietic differentiation in XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 inhaling 10% @entity0 , 19% O2, and 71 N2 increase their tidal volume (VT) by a factor of 2 to 3 and their respiratory frequency (f) by a factor of 1.2 to 1.5 above their normal values while breathing room air. While exposing @entity2 to 10% @entity0 , a variety of aerosols can be added to determine how they modify the normal ventilatory response to this agent. Aerosols of @entity4 , @entity1 , or @entity3 all decreased VT of @entity2 when added to 10% @entity0 . We propose here that chemicals evoking reductions in tidal volume can be classified into two groups based on the set of concurrent respiratory responses. Those chemicals evoking "obstruction," not only reduced VT but also decreased (f), increased resistance to airflow in conducting airways, and interrupted airflow. The prototype of this family would be @entity4 . The second group of chemicals evoked what is described as "reflex restriction." These agents reduced VT but increased f and lowered resistance to airflow. @entity3 would be the prototype for this family. @entity1 , however, evoked both types of response patterns which were time dependent. At the beginning of exposure, obstruction was prevalent while at the end of a 30-min exposure, reflex restriction was prevalent.

title: A method to classify airborne chemicals which alter the normal ventilatory response induced by XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Previously, we showed that heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 2 ( @entity2 ) mRNA levels dramatically increase in @entity1 uterine endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) as they undergo decidualization in vivo. However, to date, little is known about the expression and function of this transcription factor in @entity1 or @entity0 uterus decidualization. Therefore, this study was conducted to provide a more detailed assessment of @entity2 gene expression and function in the @entity1 uterus during the peri-implantation period and also in @entity1 plus @entity0 ESCs during decidualization in vitro. The results show that @entity2 mRNA and protein levels increase in the @entity1 uterus during decidualization and this does not depend on the presence of a conceptus. Interestingly, @entity2 mRNA and protein are present in ESCs adjacent to the luminal epithelium in the uterus prior to the onset of implantation. We find that @entity3 is likely a regulator of @entity2 expression during uterine sensitization of the @entity1 uterus. Finally, @entity2 expression increases in @entity1 and @entity0 fibroblast cells as they undergo decidualization in vitro. This expression is significantly increased in response to @entity4 . In particular, reduction of @entity2 expression in these cells using small hairpin RNA or small interfering RNA approaches results in the reduced extent of decidualization as shown by the reduced expression of a subset of decidualization markers. The results of this study support the hypothesis that @entity2 expression not only plays an important role in decidualization but may also play a role in obtaining proper @entity3 -dependent uterine sensitization required for implantation to begin.

title: Evidence for a conserved function of heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 2 in XXXX and @entity0 decidualization.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previously, we showed that heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 2 ( @entity2 ) mRNA levels dramatically increase in @entity1 uterine endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) as they undergo decidualization in vivo. However, to date, little is known about the expression and function of this transcription factor in @entity1 or @entity0 uterus decidualization. Therefore, this study was conducted to provide a more detailed assessment of @entity2 gene expression and function in the @entity1 uterus during the peri-implantation period and also in @entity1 plus @entity0 ESCs during decidualization in vitro. The results show that @entity2 mRNA and protein levels increase in the @entity1 uterus during decidualization and this does not depend on the presence of a conceptus. Interestingly, @entity2 mRNA and protein are present in ESCs adjacent to the luminal epithelium in the uterus prior to the onset of implantation. We find that @entity3 is likely a regulator of @entity2 expression during uterine sensitization of the @entity1 uterus. Finally, @entity2 expression increases in @entity1 and @entity0 fibroblast cells as they undergo decidualization in vitro. This expression is significantly increased in response to @entity4 . In particular, reduction of @entity2 expression in these cells using small hairpin RNA or small interfering RNA approaches results in the reduced extent of decidualization as shown by the reduced expression of a subset of decidualization markers. The results of this study support the hypothesis that @entity2 expression not only plays an important role in decidualization but may also play a role in obtaining proper @entity3 -dependent uterine sensitization required for implantation to begin.

title: Evidence for a conserved function of heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 2 in @entity1 and XXXX decidualization.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The minute ventilation (VE)- @entity0 output (VCO(2)) relationship has recently been demonstrated to have prognostic significance in the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) population. However, the method by which the VE/VCO(2) slope is expressed has been inconsistent. METHODS: One hundred eighty-eight subjects, who had received diagnoses of @entity1 , underwent exercise testing. Two VE/VCO(2) slope calculations were made, one using exercise data prior to the @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and one using all data points from rest to peak exercise. Four separate peak exercise VE/VCO(2) slope calculations also were derived with unaveraged, 10-s, 30-s, and 60-s ventilatory expired gas sampling intervals. RESULTS: Although univariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated pre- @entity2 and peak VE/VCO(2) slope calculations to both be significant predictors of cardiac-related mortality and hospitalization (p < 0.001), the peak classification scheme was significantly better (p < 0.01). The ventilatory expired gas-sampling interval that was used did not impact the predictive ability of the peak VE/VCO(2) slope. CONCLUSION: Although both the pre- @entity2 and peak VE/VCO(2) slope calculations were prognostically significant, the peak expression was superior. The sampling interval did not appear to have a significant impact on prognostic utility. We hope that the results of the present study will contribute to the standardization of the VE/VCO(2) slope and will enhance its clinical application.

title: Technical considerations related to the minute ventilation/ @entity0 output slope in patients with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The minute ventilation (VE)- @entity0 output (VCO(2)) relationship has recently been demonstrated to have prognostic significance in the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) population. However, the method by which the VE/VCO(2) slope is expressed has been inconsistent. METHODS: One hundred eighty-eight subjects, who had received diagnoses of @entity1 , underwent exercise testing. Two VE/VCO(2) slope calculations were made, one using exercise data prior to the @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and one using all data points from rest to peak exercise. Four separate peak exercise VE/VCO(2) slope calculations also were derived with unaveraged, 10-s, 30-s, and 60-s ventilatory expired gas sampling intervals. RESULTS: Although univariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated pre- @entity2 and peak VE/VCO(2) slope calculations to both be significant predictors of cardiac-related mortality and hospitalization (p < 0.001), the peak classification scheme was significantly better (p < 0.01). The ventilatory expired gas-sampling interval that was used did not impact the predictive ability of the peak VE/VCO(2) slope. CONCLUSION: Although both the pre- @entity2 and peak VE/VCO(2) slope calculations were prognostically significant, the peak expression was superior. The sampling interval did not appear to have a significant impact on prognostic utility. We hope that the results of the present study will contribute to the standardization of the VE/VCO(2) slope and will enhance its clinical application.

title: Technical considerations related to the minute ventilation/ XXXX output slope in patients with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Annexins are a group of 12 highly conserved proteins which exert several regulatory functions on cell biology. There are involved in numerous cell processes including vesicle trafficking, @entity5 signaling, cell growth, division, and apoptosis. Autoantibodies directed toward annexin I, II, V and XI have been reported, but their role and their clinical correlates are controversial. Annexin I exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the generation of inflammatory mediators and anti-annexin I antibodies were detected in @entity0 affected with @entity3 , systemic ( @entity8 ) and @entity11 . @entity13 and V have a high affinity for phospholipids playing a pivotal role in the regulation of coagulation cascade. Anti- @entity13 and anti- @entity12 antibodies were found in @entity0 with arterial or @entity1 , especially in those with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) such as @entity8 , @entity9 ( @entity9 ) or @entity6 . Anti- @entity12 antibodies were also found in @entity0 with @entity4 with or without @entity9 . @entity14 is involved in several biological pathways, particularly apoptosis and cell proliferation. Anti- @entity14 antibodies have been found in @entity0 with @entity8 , @entity10 , @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity9 . The metanalysis of studies published up to now showed that the Odds Ratio for having an @entity7 in anti- @entity14 positive @entity0 was 5.08 (95% CI 2.06-12.58).

title: Anti-annexins autoantibodies: their role as biomarkers of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The effects of @entity4 , @entity5 (PG) I2, E2, D2, and F2 alpha on @entity2 - (NE) and angiotensin II- (ANG II) induced tone were examined in interlobular arteries and afferent and efferent arterioles isolated from @entity0 kidney. @entity4 at 10(-5) M produced a rapid relaxation of NE-induced tone in all three vessel types. The vasodilatory effect of @entity4 but not @entity1 was blocked by @entity7 . In interlobular arteries, @entity3 , and @entity6 caused a dose-dependent relaxation of NE-induced tone with a concentration causing the half-maximal response (ED50) of 1.2 and 4.6 X 10(-8) M, respectively. PGD2 caused a small but significant relaxation at 10(-7) M and above, whereas PGF2 alpha was inactive. In afferent arterioles contracted with NE, @entity3 and PGI2 caused identical dose-dependent relaxations. Significant effects were observed at concentrations between 10(-11) and 10(-10) M with ED50 values of 1.7 X 10(-8) M for @entity3 and 8.7 X 10(-9) M for PGI2. PGD2 had significant effects only at 10(-5) M, whereas PGF2 alpha was without effect. In contrast to the preglomerular vessels, efferent arterioles responded only to PGI2 (ED50, 9.7 X 10(-9) M), and the other @entity4 metabolites had no effect on lumen diameter. PGI2 antagonized the vasoconstrictive effects of both NE and ANG II in this vessel segment. The results demonstrate that of the prostanoids tested only @entity3 and PGI2 were effective in antagonizing vasoconstrictor stimuli in isolated renal microvessels. Furthermore, the @entity0 renal microvasculature displays segmental heterogeneity for the vasodilatory PGs in that PGI2 affected both pre- and postglomerular arterioles, whereas @entity3 was effective only on the preglomerular microvessels.

title: Effects of XXXX on vasoconstrictor action in isolated renal arterioles.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The aim of this study of 101 cases of @entity5 was to determine the factors predisposing to @entity4 , the prognostic factors of this complication and the therapeutic implications. A significant (p less than 0.05) Chi square test was the statistical reference. Fifty-two per cent of @entity0 developed @entity4 which was biventricular in 48 p. 100 of cases and the presenting symptom in 64 p. 100. The mean age of the @entity0 with @entity4 was 56.6 years with a clear male predominance. In 48 p. 100 of cases, @entity4 complicated a pre-existing @entity1 which was usually acquired (84 p. 100). The commonest condition was @entity3 of the aortic and mitral valves (70 p. 100 of cases with @entity4 ). @entity4 was observed more frequently and earlier in aortic than in @entity2 . The commonest infecting organism was the streptococcus (53 p. 100 of cases with @entity4 ) and the most frequent presumed portal of entry was dental (25 p. 100). @entity7 were observed in 51 p. 100 of @entity0 in @entity4 , the commonest being @entity8 (34 p. 100) complicating @entity2 in 56 p. 100 of cases; 17 p. 100 of @entity7 were ventricular. @entity9 were observed in 26 p. 100 of cases with @entity4 , 55 p. 100 of which had @entity6 . @entity3 were demonstrated by echocardiography in 43 p. 100 of cases with @entity4 . Valve replacement had to be performed for resistant @entity4 in 13 p. 100 of cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX in infectious endocarditis].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) have been mandated by the federal government to promote fiscal responsibility and insure cost containment. A retrospective analysis of demographic and cost data was conducted on 115 @entity0 operated on for @entity1 . The DRG 191 criteria are as follows: major pancreas, liver plus shunt procedure; mean length of stay (LOS), 20.8 days; outlier cutoff LOS, 41 days; hospital reimbursement,  11,367.82; and day outlier rate,  86.57. The overall LOS was 34.6 days (range, one to 138 days). Sixty-six percent of the @entity0 exceeded the DRG LOS and 37% exceeded the day outlier cutoff of 41. The number of days from admission to surgery varied from one to 65 (mean, 15.7 days). Hospital charges and DRG reimbursement were compared in 23 @entity0 . In nine @entity0 with a LOS of 19.9 days, DRG reimbursement exceeded charges by  34,308. In 14 @entity0 whose charges exceeded reimbursement, the loss was  142,156. Hospital costs and LOS seem to be related to the natural history of the disease and its necessary treatment, rather than to unnecessary diagnostic procedures. Unless surgeons assess and establish medical standards, economic pressures will have a negative impact on @entity0 care and physicians' practice.

title: Do diagnosis-related groups accurately reflect the disease? XXXX : a case in point.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To assess the incidence of and risk factors for clinical and subclinical @entity2 , we prospectively studied 1,207 adult short-term travelers from the Netherlands to @entity3 . @entity0 donated blood samples for serologic testing before and after travel. Blood samples were tested for antibodies against DENV. Seroconversion occurred in 14 (1.2%) travelers at risk. The incidence rate was 14.6 per 1,000 @entity0 -months. The incidence rate was significantly higher for travel during the rainy months. @entity3 occurred in 5 of the 14 travelers who seroconverted. Seroconversion was significantly related to fever, @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity5 . The risk for @entity2 for short-term travelers to @entity3 is substantial. The incidence rate for this study is comparable with that in 2 other serology-based prospective studies conducted in the 1990s.

title: Travel-related XXXX , The Netherlands, 2006-2007.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Mammals contain 28 genes encoding Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) proteins. The proteins assemble into cationic channels, often with @entity6 permeability. Important roles in physiology and disease have emerged and so there is interest in whether the channels might be suitable therapeutic drug targets. Here we review selected members of three subfamilies of @entity0 TRP channel ( @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity10 ) that show relevance to sensing of adversity by cells and biological systems. Summarized are the cellular and tissue distributions, general properties, endogenous modulators, protein partners, cellular and tissue functions, therapeutic potential, and pharmacology. @entity11 is stimulated by receptor agonists and other factors that include lipids and metal ions; it heteromultimerises with other TRPC proteins and is involved in cell movement and @entity3 control. @entity9 is activated by @entity5 ; it is implicated in stress-related inflammatory, vascular and neurodegenerative conditions. @entity10 is stimulated by a wide range of irritants including mustard oil and @entity8 but also, controversially, noxious cold and mechanical pressure; it is implicated in @entity4 and inflammatory responses, including in the airways. The channels have in common that they show polymodal stimulation, have activities that are enhanced by redox factors, are permeable to @entity6 , and are facilitated by elevations of intracellular @entity6 . Developing inhibitors of the channels could lead to new agents for a variety of conditions: for example, suppressing unwanted tissue remodeling, @entity1 , @entity4 and @entity3 , and addressing problems relating to @entity7 and @entity2 .

title: Properties and therapeutic potential of transient receptor potential channels with putative roles in adversity: focus on XXXX , @entity9 and @entity10 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: Mammals contain 28 genes encoding Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) proteins. The proteins assemble into cationic channels, often with @entity6 permeability. Important roles in physiology and disease have emerged and so there is interest in whether the channels might be suitable therapeutic drug targets. Here we review selected members of three subfamilies of @entity0 TRP channel ( @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity10 ) that show relevance to sensing of adversity by cells and biological systems. Summarized are the cellular and tissue distributions, general properties, endogenous modulators, protein partners, cellular and tissue functions, therapeutic potential, and pharmacology. @entity11 is stimulated by receptor agonists and other factors that include lipids and metal ions; it heteromultimerises with other TRPC proteins and is involved in cell movement and @entity3 control. @entity9 is activated by @entity5 ; it is implicated in stress-related inflammatory, vascular and neurodegenerative conditions. @entity10 is stimulated by a wide range of irritants including mustard oil and @entity8 but also, controversially, noxious cold and mechanical pressure; it is implicated in @entity4 and inflammatory responses, including in the airways. The channels have in common that they show polymodal stimulation, have activities that are enhanced by redox factors, are permeable to @entity6 , and are facilitated by elevations of intracellular @entity6 . Developing inhibitors of the channels could lead to new agents for a variety of conditions: for example, suppressing unwanted tissue remodeling, @entity1 , @entity4 and @entity3 , and addressing problems relating to @entity7 and @entity2 .

title: Properties and therapeutic potential of transient receptor potential channels with putative roles in adversity: focus on @entity11 , XXXX and @entity10 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Mammals contain 28 genes encoding Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) proteins. The proteins assemble into cationic channels, often with @entity6 permeability. Important roles in physiology and disease have emerged and so there is interest in whether the channels might be suitable therapeutic drug targets. Here we review selected members of three subfamilies of @entity0 TRP channel ( @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity10 ) that show relevance to sensing of adversity by cells and biological systems. Summarized are the cellular and tissue distributions, general properties, endogenous modulators, protein partners, cellular and tissue functions, therapeutic potential, and pharmacology. @entity11 is stimulated by receptor agonists and other factors that include lipids and metal ions; it heteromultimerises with other TRPC proteins and is involved in cell movement and @entity3 control. @entity9 is activated by @entity5 ; it is implicated in stress-related inflammatory, vascular and neurodegenerative conditions. @entity10 is stimulated by a wide range of irritants including mustard oil and @entity8 but also, controversially, noxious cold and mechanical pressure; it is implicated in @entity4 and inflammatory responses, including in the airways. The channels have in common that they show polymodal stimulation, have activities that are enhanced by redox factors, are permeable to @entity6 , and are facilitated by elevations of intracellular @entity6 . Developing inhibitors of the channels could lead to new agents for a variety of conditions: for example, suppressing unwanted tissue remodeling, @entity1 , @entity4 and @entity3 , and addressing problems relating to @entity7 and @entity2 .

title: Properties and therapeutic potential of transient receptor potential channels with putative roles in adversity: focus on @entity11 , @entity9 and XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: A soluble @entity1 -binding protein ( @entity3 ), mol wt approximately 12,000 is present in intestinal mucosa and other tissues that utilize @entity2 , including liver, myocardium, adipose, and kidney. This protein binds long chain @entity2 both in vivo and in vitro. @entity3 was isolated from @entity0 intestine by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. It showed a reaction of complete immunochemical identity with proteins in the 12,000 mol wt @entity1 -binding fractions of liver, myocardium, and adipose tissue supernates. (The presence of immunochemically nonidentical 12,000 mol wt @entity3 in these tissues is not excluded.) By quantitative radial immunodiffusion, supernatant @entity3 concentration in mucosa from proximal and middle thirds of jejuno-ileum significantly exceeded that in distal third, duodenum, and liver, expressed as micrograms per milligram soluble protein, micrograms per gram DNA, and micrograms per gram tissue. @entity3 concentration in villi was approximately three times greater than in crypts. Small quantities of @entity3 were present in washed nuclei-cell membrane, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. However, the amount of @entity3 solubilized per milligram membrane protein was similar for all particulate fractions, and total membrane-associated @entity3 was only about 16% of supernatant @entity3 . Intestinal @entity3 concentration was significantly greater in animals maintained on high fat diets than on low fat; saturated and unsaturated fat diets did not differ greatly in this regard.The preponderance of @entity3 in villi from proximal and middle intestine, its ability to bind @entity2 in vivo as well as in vitro, and its response to changes in dietary fat intake support the concept that this protein participates in cellular @entity1 transport during fat absorption. Identical or closely related 12,000 mol wt proteins may serve similar functions in other tissues.

title: XXXX -binding protein in small intestine. Identification, isolation, and evidence for its role in cellular @entity1 transport.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A soluble @entity1 -binding protein ( @entity3 ), mol wt approximately 12,000 is present in intestinal mucosa and other tissues that utilize @entity2 , including liver, myocardium, adipose, and kidney. This protein binds long chain @entity2 both in vivo and in vitro. @entity3 was isolated from @entity0 intestine by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. It showed a reaction of complete immunochemical identity with proteins in the 12,000 mol wt @entity1 -binding fractions of liver, myocardium, and adipose tissue supernates. (The presence of immunochemically nonidentical 12,000 mol wt @entity3 in these tissues is not excluded.) By quantitative radial immunodiffusion, supernatant @entity3 concentration in mucosa from proximal and middle thirds of jejuno-ileum significantly exceeded that in distal third, duodenum, and liver, expressed as micrograms per milligram soluble protein, micrograms per gram DNA, and micrograms per gram tissue. @entity3 concentration in villi was approximately three times greater than in crypts. Small quantities of @entity3 were present in washed nuclei-cell membrane, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. However, the amount of @entity3 solubilized per milligram membrane protein was similar for all particulate fractions, and total membrane-associated @entity3 was only about 16% of supernatant @entity3 . Intestinal @entity3 concentration was significantly greater in animals maintained on high fat diets than on low fat; saturated and unsaturated fat diets did not differ greatly in this regard.The preponderance of @entity3 in villi from proximal and middle intestine, its ability to bind @entity2 in vivo as well as in vitro, and its response to changes in dietary fat intake support the concept that this protein participates in cellular @entity1 transport during fat absorption. Identical or closely related 12,000 mol wt proteins may serve similar functions in other tissues.

title: @entity1 -binding protein in small intestine. Identification, isolation, and evidence for its role in cellular XXXX transport.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 and environmental contamination are two of the leading hypotheses for global amphibian declines. Yet few studies have examined the influence of contaminants on disease susceptibility, and even fewer have incorporated the role of natural stressors such as predation. We performed a factorial study investigating the interaction of the insecticide @entity3 , dragonfly predator cue, and the emerging pathogen  @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on fitness correlates and disease susceptibility in @entity1 salamander larvae. Four week old larvae were exposed for 22  days in a 2 (0, 500   g/l @entity3 )     2 (control, predator cue water)     2 (0, 1     10(4)  pfu @entity2 ) factorial designed laboratory study. Results show significant impacts to survival of larvae for both virus and predator cue treatments, as well as an interactive effect between the two, in which predator cue strongly exacerbated disease-driven mortality. There was a clear pattern of reduced survival with the addition of stressors, with those where all three stressors were present exhibiting the worst effects (a decrease in survival from 93 to 60%). On those that survived, we also detected several sub-lethal impacts in mass, SVL, and development. Predator cue and pesticide treatments significantly reduced both SVL and mass. Virus and predator treatments significantly slowed development. Stressors also exhibited opposing effects on activity. Predator cue caused a significant reduction in activity, whereas virus caused a significant increase in activity over time. These results highlight the importance of examining combined natural and introduced stressors to understand potential impacts on amphibian species. Such stressors may contribute to the emergence of @entity2 in particular regions, raising concerns about the influence of pesticides on disease emergence in general.

title: Combined effects of virus, pesticide, and predator cue on the larval XXXX salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum).

answer: @entity1


abstract: Evaluation of axillary lymph node status by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) are an inherent part of @entity0 treatment. Increased understanding of @entity2 biology has changed the prognostic and therapeutic impact of lymph node status. Non-invasive imaging techniques like axillary ultrasound, FDG-PET, or MRI revealed moderate sensitivity and high specificity in evaluation of lymph node status. Therefore, they are not sufficient for lymph node staging. Otherwise, the impact of remaining micrometastases and even macrometastases for prognosis and treatment decisions is overestimated. Considering @entity2 biology, the distinction of axillary metastases in @entity2 cells (ITC, pN0(i+)); micrometastases (pN1mi), and macrometastases (pN1a) is not comprehensible. Increasing data support the thesis that remaining axillary metastases neither increase the axillary recurrence rate nor decrease overall survival. It is doubtful that axillary @entity2 cells are capable to complete the complex multistep metastatic process. If applied, axillary metastases are sensitive to systemic treatment and are targeted by postoperative tangential breast irradiation. Therefore, the controversy about the clinical relevance of @entity2 cell clusters or micrometastases in @entity3 is a sophisticated but not contemporary discussion. Currently, there is no indication for axillary surgery in elderly @entity1 with favorable @entity2 and clinically @entity2 -free lymph nodes. Nonetheless, a rational and evidence-based approach to the management of clinically and sonographically N0 @entity1 with planned breast-conserving surgery and limited @entity2 size is needed now.

title: Axillary lymph node dissection in early-stage invasive XXXX : is it still standard today?

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To the best of knowledge, this was the first study of scapular manipulation technique (SMT) in Asia. We conducted this prospective study to report our experiences of reducing @entity5 by SMT without @entity3 in a large study group in Iran. METHODS: Scapular manipulation technique was applied to 111 @entity0 presenting with @entity5 to the ED of the largest teaching hospital in north-east of Iran between January 2009 and January 2010. Reduction was performed without medication and if unsuccessful, the second attempt was carried out with i.v. injection of @entity4 . We also evaluated the @entity2 experienced by the @entity0 immediately after reduction attempt. RESULTS: The study consisted of 112 dislocations (one @entity0 had @entity6 ). We achieved a success rate of 87.5% without medication at the first attempt and 97.3% overall. In total, 98.2% of dislocations were reduced in less than 1 min. The success rate was significantly lower in the presence of greater tuberosity fractures and also in late presentations (>6 h after @entity1 ). We showed a success rate of 100% in recurrent dislocations. Some 81.1% of the @entity0 reported no @entity2 or mild @entity2 . No complications were observed. CONCLUSION: The results of our study showed that SMT even without medication is a safe, rapid and relatively painless technique in reducing @entity5 in the ED that might reduce medical resource utilization and can be cost-effective.

title: Scapular manipulation for reduction of @entity5 without XXXX : results of a prospective study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To the best of knowledge, this was the first study of scapular manipulation technique (SMT) in Asia. We conducted this prospective study to report our experiences of reducing @entity5 by SMT without @entity3 in a large study group in Iran. METHODS: Scapular manipulation technique was applied to 111 @entity0 presenting with @entity5 to the ED of the largest teaching hospital in north-east of Iran between January 2009 and January 2010. Reduction was performed without medication and if unsuccessful, the second attempt was carried out with i.v. injection of @entity4 . We also evaluated the @entity2 experienced by the @entity0 immediately after reduction attempt. RESULTS: The study consisted of 112 dislocations (one @entity0 had @entity6 ). We achieved a success rate of 87.5% without medication at the first attempt and 97.3% overall. In total, 98.2% of dislocations were reduced in less than 1 min. The success rate was significantly lower in the presence of greater tuberosity fractures and also in late presentations (>6 h after @entity1 ). We showed a success rate of 100% in recurrent dislocations. Some 81.1% of the @entity0 reported no @entity2 or mild @entity2 . No complications were observed. CONCLUSION: The results of our study showed that SMT even without medication is a safe, rapid and relatively painless technique in reducing @entity5 in the ED that might reduce medical resource utilization and can be cost-effective.

title: Scapular manipulation for reduction of XXXX without @entity3 : results of a prospective study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: While @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has been found in many parts of the body, involvement of the thyroid gland is rare. In this study we describe the clinicopathological characteristics of seven @entity0 with primary @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: This report is a retrospective case study of seven @entity0 with @entity5 who were treated surgically in our clinic between 2004 and 2010. Data collected from the cases included age, sex, clinical presentation, concurrent medical illness, initial diagnosis, and history of @entity7 . Testing used to establish the diagnosis of @entity5 included thyroid function tests, histopathological examination, a tuberculin skin test, and FNAC (fine needle aspiration cytology). Surgical procedures, antitubercular therapy, and follow-up data were also analyzed. RESULTS: All seven cases were females between the age of 30 and 60 years (mean = 44.1    9.5 years). Four cases had neck swelling and three had additional complaints of @entity3 and @entity4 . While total thyroidectomy was performed in six @entity0 with @entity6 , a lobectomy was performed in one @entity0 in whom a solitary thyroid nodule was detected. Histopathologic changes consistent with @entity5 were detected in all @entity0 . Thoracic X-ray, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test, and tuberculin skin test (PPD) were performed and all @entity0 were screened for other possible foci of @entity1 . In conclusion, all seven cases were diagnosed with primary @entity2 . While the lobectomy @entity0 was administered a 6-month antitubercular treatment, the total-thyroidectomy @entity0 did not receive any medical treatment postoperatively. During the postoperative follow-up period, which lasted between 6 and 53 months (mean = 37.3    18.6 months), none of the @entity0 had a recurrence of disease. CONCLUSION: @entity2 should be considered in the list of differential diagnoses for thyroid abscesses and nodular lesions in @entity0 living in geographic regions with a high @entity2 prevalence.

title: XXXX in southeastern Turkey: is this the resurgence of a stubborn disease?

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in young @entity0 with @entity1 indicated the presence of grey matter concentration changes as well as microstructural alterations in white matter in various neocortical areas and the corpus callosum. Whether these structural changes are also present in elderly @entity0 with @entity1 with long-lasting clinical evolution remains unclear. METHODS: We performed a prospective MRI study of consecutive elderly, euthymic @entity0 with @entity1 and healthy, elderly controls. We conducted a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis and a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis to assess fractional anisotropy and longitudinal, radial and mean diffusivity derived by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). RESULTS: We included 19 @entity0 with @entity1 and 47 controls in our study. Fractional anisotropy was the most sensitive DTI marker and decreased significantly in the ventral part of the corpus callosum in @entity0 with @entity1 . Longitudinal, radial and mean diffusivity showed no significant between-group differences. Grey matter concentration was reduced in @entity0 with @entity1 in the right anterior insula, head of the caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, ventral putamen and frontal orbital cortex. Conversely, there was no grey matter concentration or fractional anisotropy increase in any brain region in @entity0 with @entity1 compared with controls. LIMITATIONS: The major limitation of our study is the small number of @entity0 with @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our data document the concomitant presence of grey matter concentration decreases in the anterior limbic areas and the reduced fibre tract coherence in the corpus callosum of elderly @entity0 with long-lasting @entity1 .

title: Combined analysis of grey matter voxel-based morphometry and white matter tract-based spatial statistics in late-life XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulmonary complications are the most frequent morbid event after esophagectomy. Understanding factors that are associated with @entity2 may help in @entity0 selection and postoperative management. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of @entity0 who underwent esophagectomy between 1980 and 2009. Univariate analysis was used to identify potential covariates for the development of major @entity2 . Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of complications. A scoring system was developed, and its ability to predict complications was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 516 @entity0 (382 @entity0 [74%]) with a mean age of 59.0  12.5 years underwent esophagectomy for @entity1 (398 [77%]) or benign disease. @entity2 occurred in 197 @entity0 (38%) and were associated with a 10-fold increase in operative mortality (2.5% vs 28%; p<0.001). Independent predictors included @entity0 age, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (% predicted), diffusion capacity of the lung for @entity4 (% predicted), performance status, serum @entity3 , current cigarette use, and transthoracic resection. The scoring system (based on weighted scores for the first 4 covariates listed above) predicted @entity2 with an accuracy of 70.8% (p<0.001). Score groups identified an incremental risk of complications of 0 to 2, 12%; 3 to 4, 18%; 5 to 6, 46%; 7 to 8, 52%; and 9 to 13, 60% (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 are frequent after esophagectomy and can be predicted using commonly available clinical information. A scoring system identifying the risk of such complications may assist in @entity0 selection and in providing appropriate resources for postoperative management of higher-risk @entity0 .

title: Prediction of major XXXX after esophagectomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To confirm the occurrence of @entity1 and @entity2 in healthy subjects detectable by ultrasound (US) and to establish US criteria for @entity3 . METHODS: Our study involved 127 healthy subjects matched with a cohort of @entity0 with @entity3 (the ESPOIR cohort). The second and fifth metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and the fifth metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of both hands and feet were assessed with US to detect @entity1 ; and the second, third, fourth, and fifth MCP and the fifth MTP were evaluated for synovial thickening in B-mode US and synovial vascularity in power Doppler. @entity1 and @entity2 were defined according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials consensus. RESULTS: @entity1 and grade 2-3 synovial thickening in B-mode were detected in 11% and 9% of healthy subjects. To consider the diagnosis of @entity3 , a cutoff at 1 case of synovial thickening in B-mode enabled discrimination between @entity0 with @entity3 and healthy subjects, with a good sensitivity of 74.8% (95% CI 67.2%-82.3%) and a high specificity of 90.5% (95% CI 85.4%-95.6%). If higher specificity is required to confirm the diagnosis of @entity3 , cutoff at 2 cases of synovial thickening in B-mode or at 2 cases of @entity1 gave optimal results, with specificity of 98.4% (95% CI 96.2%-100%) and 100%, respectively, and lower sensitivity of 59.8% (95% CI 51.2%-68.3%) and 17% (95% CI 10.5%-23.5%) (area under the curve = 0.85 for @entity2 and 0.63 for @entity1 ). Neither the combination of power Doppler signal plus @entity1 , nor @entity1 plus synovial thickening on the same joint, were seen in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: A single case of @entity1 or synovial thickening in B-mode is common in healthy subjects. However, more than 1 case of synovial thickening in B-mode or @entity1 is a strong argument for the diagnosis of early @entity3 .

title: Musculoskeletal ultrasonography in healthy subjects and ultrasound criteria for XXXX (the ESPOIR cohort).

answer: @entity3


abstract: Striatal cholinergic interneurons show tonic spiking activity in the intact and sliced brain, which stems from intrinsic mechanisms. Because of it, they are also known as "tonically active neurons" (TANs). Another hallmark of TAN electrophysiology is a pause response to appetitive and aversive events and to environmental cues that have predicted these events during learning. Notably, the pause response is lost after the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in animal models of @entity2 . Moreover, @entity2 @entity0 are in a hypercholinergic state and find some clinical benefit in anticholinergic drugs. Current theories propose that excitatory thalamic inputs conveying information about salient sensory stimuli trigger an intrinsic hyperpolarizing response in the striatal cholinergic interneurons. Moreover, it has been postulated that the loss of the pause response in @entity2 is related to a diminution of I(sAHP), a slow outward current that mediates an afterhyperpolarization following a train of action potentials. Here we report that I(sAHP) induces a marked spike-frequency adaptation in adult @entity1 striatal cholinergic interneurons, inducing an abrupt end of firing during sustained excitation. Chronic loss of dopaminergic neurons markedly reduces I(sAHP) and spike-frequency adaptation in cholinergic interneurons, allowing them to fire continuously and at higher rates during sustained excitation. These findings provide a plausible explanation for the hypercholinergic state in @entity2 . Moreover, a reduction of I(sAHP) may alter synchronization of cholinergic interneurons with afferent inputs, thus contributing to the loss of the pause response in @entity2 .

title: Reduction of an afterhyperpolarization current increases excitability in striatal cholinergic interneurons in XXXX parkinsonism.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and @entity4 additively increases the risk of @entity0 . There is a high prevalence of @entity1 in Nigeria, but there are little data regarding the prevalence of @entity4 in subjects with @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: In this observational prospective study, we examined the prevalence of @entity4 in newly diagnosed normoglycemic subjects with @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 171 subjects presenting with @entity1 for the first time in the cardiology and nephrology clinics at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital were studied. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured. Total @entity2 , low-density lipoprotein @entity2 (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein @entity2 (HDL-C) were determined in fasting plasma. The total @entity2 /HDL-C and non-HDL-C values were calculated. These measures were then classified according to the 2001 report of the National @entity2 Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood @entity2 in Adults. RESULTS: Of the 171 subjects studied, 84 (49%) were male and 87 (51%) were female. Low HDL-C was present in 71 (45.8%), elevated LDL-C in 29 (17%), elevated total @entity2 in 19 (11.1%), and elevated @entity3 in 13 (7.6%), whereas eight (4.7%) of the study population had combined elevated total @entity2 and @entity3 . Female subjects had higher total @entity2 and lower HDL-C than male subjects, but these differences were not statistically significant. Obese subjects, compared to the nonobese, had significantly higher LDL-C and total @entity2 /HDL-C ratios in males and significantly higher @entity3 levels in females. CONCLUSIONS: Given the prevalence of @entity4 seen in this study, we suggest that fasting lipid measurements should be performed in all Nigerians with @entity1 . These data suggest the need for health education and lifestyle modifications in hypertensive Nigerians to reduce both types of risk factors.

title: Prevalence of @entity4 in normoglycemic subjects with newly diagnosed XXXX in Abuja, Nigeria.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and @entity4 additively increases the risk of @entity0 . There is a high prevalence of @entity1 in Nigeria, but there are little data regarding the prevalence of @entity4 in subjects with @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: In this observational prospective study, we examined the prevalence of @entity4 in newly diagnosed normoglycemic subjects with @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 171 subjects presenting with @entity1 for the first time in the cardiology and nephrology clinics at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital were studied. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured. Total @entity2 , low-density lipoprotein @entity2 (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein @entity2 (HDL-C) were determined in fasting plasma. The total @entity2 /HDL-C and non-HDL-C values were calculated. These measures were then classified according to the 2001 report of the National @entity2 Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood @entity2 in Adults. RESULTS: Of the 171 subjects studied, 84 (49%) were male and 87 (51%) were female. Low HDL-C was present in 71 (45.8%), elevated LDL-C in 29 (17%), elevated total @entity2 in 19 (11.1%), and elevated @entity3 in 13 (7.6%), whereas eight (4.7%) of the study population had combined elevated total @entity2 and @entity3 . Female subjects had higher total @entity2 and lower HDL-C than male subjects, but these differences were not statistically significant. Obese subjects, compared to the nonobese, had significantly higher LDL-C and total @entity2 /HDL-C ratios in males and significantly higher @entity3 levels in females. CONCLUSIONS: Given the prevalence of @entity4 seen in this study, we suggest that fasting lipid measurements should be performed in all Nigerians with @entity1 . These data suggest the need for health education and lifestyle modifications in hypertensive Nigerians to reduce both types of risk factors.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in normoglycemic subjects with newly diagnosed @entity1 in Abuja, Nigeria.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Ligand engagement by integrins induces receptor clustering and formation of complexes at the integrin cytoplasmic face that controls cell signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics critical for adhesion-dependent processes. This study searches for a subset of integrin effectors that coordinates both @entity0 cell invasion and resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug @entity1 in @entity2 . Candidate integrin effectors were identified in a proteomics screen of proteins recruited to clustered integrin ab1, a(v)b or a(6)b @entity2 . Proteins with diverse functions including microtubule and actin binding proteins, and factors involved in trafficking, transcription and translation were identified in @entity2 integrin complexes. Knockdown of effectors in the @entity2 @entity7 cells revealed that @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 and talin were required for invasion through Matrigel. Disruption of talin or @entity4 by RNA interference increased resistance to @entity1 , whereas targeting @entity6 , @entity3 or @entity5 reduced @entity7 resistance to @entity1 . Analysis of the spreading of @entity7 cells on collagen I and laminin I revealed that a decrease in @entity4 or talin expression inhibited spreading on both matrices. Interestingly, a reduction in @entity5 expression enhanced spreading on laminin I and inhibited spreading on collagen I. Reduction of @entity6 , @entity3 , talin or @entity5 expression reduced @entity7 proliferation by 30%. Proliferation was not affected by a reduction in @entity4 expression. We conclude that @entity4 , @entity3 and talin function in both @entity2 invasion and resistance to @entity1 .

title: Integrin ab1, avb, a6b effectors @entity4 , XXXX and talin regulate carcinoma invasion and chemoresistance.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Ligand engagement by integrins induces receptor clustering and formation of complexes at the integrin cytoplasmic face that controls cell signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics critical for adhesion-dependent processes. This study searches for a subset of integrin effectors that coordinates both @entity0 cell invasion and resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug @entity1 in @entity2 . Candidate integrin effectors were identified in a proteomics screen of proteins recruited to clustered integrin ab1, a(v)b or a(6)b @entity2 . Proteins with diverse functions including microtubule and actin binding proteins, and factors involved in trafficking, transcription and translation were identified in @entity2 integrin complexes. Knockdown of effectors in the @entity2 @entity7 cells revealed that @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 and talin were required for invasion through Matrigel. Disruption of talin or @entity4 by RNA interference increased resistance to @entity1 , whereas targeting @entity6 , @entity3 or @entity5 reduced @entity7 resistance to @entity1 . Analysis of the spreading of @entity7 cells on collagen I and laminin I revealed that a decrease in @entity4 or talin expression inhibited spreading on both matrices. Interestingly, a reduction in @entity5 expression enhanced spreading on laminin I and inhibited spreading on collagen I. Reduction of @entity6 , @entity3 , talin or @entity5 expression reduced @entity7 proliferation by 30%. Proliferation was not affected by a reduction in @entity4 expression. We conclude that @entity4 , @entity3 and talin function in both @entity2 invasion and resistance to @entity1 .

title: Integrin ab1, avb, a6b effectors XXXX , @entity3 and talin regulate carcinoma invasion and chemoresistance.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is characterised by hyperarousal, @entity3 and @entity8 . Deficits in explicit memory recall have been causally related to volume reductions of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. While stress-related glucocorticoid secretion appears involved in this apparent atrophy, there is also evidence for low plasma @entity4 in @entity6 . Prior exposure to @entity2 is an important risk factor for @entity6 , suggesting a role for sensitisation. Using @entity0 , we studied the effects of a time-dependent sensitisation (TDS) model of stress on spatial @entity7 , 1 week post-stress, using the Morris water maze. Basal and 7-day post-stress plasma @entity9 levels were also determined. Due to the putative role of @entity5 in @entity3 and stress, and in the treatment of @entity6 , hippocampal @entity10 ) and prefrontal cortex @entity11 ) radioligand binding studies were performed. TDS stress evoked a marked @entity7 on day 7 post TDS stress, coupled with significantly depressed plasma @entity9 levels. Cognitive and endocrine changes at day 7 post stress were associated with a significant increase in receptor density (B(max)) and a significant decrease in receptor affinity (K(d)) for hippocampal @entity10 ) receptors. The B(max) of prefrontal cortex @entity11 ) receptors were unaffected, but K(d) was significantly increased. We conclude that TDS stress evokes @entity1 . Moreover, TDS stress induces diverse adaptive 5HT receptor changes in critical brain areas involved in emotion and memory that may underlie the effect of stress on cognitive function.

title: Endocrine, cognitive and hippocampal/cortical 5HT 1A/2A receptor changes evoked by a time-dependent sensitisation (TDS) stress model in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Calorie restriction (CR) may exert antiaging effects by inhibiting the @entity7 ( @entity7 )/ @entity5 axis. The present study investigated the effect of modest inhibition of @entity7 signaling on stress response and compared it with the effect of CR. Heterozygous (tg/-) @entity0 of a transgenic strain of male @entity0 , whose @entity7 signaling was inhibited by overexpression of the anti-sense @entity7 gene, and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 were used. @entity0 were fed ad libitum (AL) or 30% CR diets from 6 weeks of age. At 6 months of age, @entity0 were killed between 0 and 8h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection to evaluate the acute phase stress response. tg/- @entity0 had less tissue injury, indicated by blood @entity2 aminotransferase (AST) concentrations, than @entity1 @entity0 . Successive waves of incremental plasma @entity4 , @entity3 , and interferon (IFN)-y levels were also attenuated in tg/- @entity0 . Activation of @entity6 , a redox-sensitive transcription factor, was slightly diminished in tg/- @entity0 , whereas the AP-1 activity was increased. Similar trends were also observed in the CR groups as compared to the AL groups. The present results suggest an involvement of the @entity7 / @entity5 axis in the effect of CR for stress response, even if CR does not act solely through the @entity7 axis.

title: Acute stress response modified by modest inhibition of XXXX axis: a potential machinery of the anti-aging effect of calorie restriction.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity3 is the most common form of gynaecological @entity1 . This lethal disease is thought to arise in @entity11 ( @entity11 ) cells. The biology of these cells is not well understood, due to the limited amount of tissue that can be obtained from a single biopsy and their limited life span in culture. To overcome these problems, we have conditionally immortalised @entity11 cells with the catalytic subunit of telomerase ( @entity6 ) and a temperature-sensitive form of SV40 Large T antigen ( @entity2 ). We have maintained these cells (designated @entity11 -C2) in culture for more than 100 population doublings after introduction of the immortalising genes. Early passage @entity11 -C2 cells have a near-tetraploid karyotype and exhibit a dual mesenchymal-epithelial phenotype, with consistent expression of @entity7 and variable expression of cytokeratins and type III collagen, and absence of @entity10 expression. @entity11 -C2 cells proliferate steadily at the permissive temperature of 33 degrees C, but fail to increase in number at the nonpermissive temperature of 39 degrees C. Serum-deprived @entity11 -C2 cells are stimulated to grow at 33 degrees C by EGF, whereas they are growth inhibited at 33 degrees C by @entity8 in the presence or the absence of serum. When temperature shifted to the nonpermissive temperature, @entity11 -C2 cells modulate to a more mesenchymal phenotype, and a proportion of the cells undergo senescence and/or apoptosis. Moreover, at the nonpermissive temperature, the levels of @entity4 and SV40 Large T antigen diminish, whilst the level of @entity9 increases, whereas the level of @entity5 and telomerase activity is unchanged. This experimental system shows that expression of telomerase alone only allows limited proliferative potential of @entity11 cells; expression of @entity2 is necessary to maintain these cells in culture for longer periods, perhaps by its ability to inactivate components of the @entity4 /Rb pathway. @entity11 -C2 cells may be useful in studying the physiology and differentiation of @entity0 @entity11 cells and provide insight into the poorly understood earliest stages of @entity3 .

title: Immortalisation of XXXX ovarian surface epithelium with telomerase and temperature-sensitive SV40 large T antigen.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Progressive @entity12 are characterized by impaired @entity11 secretion resulting in @entity1 , @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity10 leading to progressive @entity9 and @entity2 in childhood. Partial internal or external biliary drainage can relieve symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Objections to partial external biliary drainage include the need for a permanent @entity3 with all the inherent complications of a stoma. We propose a novel approach to these diseases--placement of a "button" cholecystostomy tube. METHODS: Under general anesthesia and through a small right subcostal incision, a MIC-KEY button (Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc, Draper, UT) is inserted into the mobilized fundus of the gallbladder and secured with 2 purse-string sutures. Time of drainage is adjusted to relieve @entity1 . RESULTS: Three @entity0 with progressive familial intrahepatic @entity8 achieved adequate bile drainage via the cholecystostomy button to relieve @entity1 for 1, 2, and 2    years postoperatively, with drainage periods of 12 to 14 hours per day. There were no episodes of @entity5 . Dislodged tubes can be replaced, or stones can be retrieved via the tract that is formed. @entity0 (parent) acceptance has been excellent. CONCLUSION: Button cholecystostomy is simple to perform, relieves @entity1 with intermittent (nighttime) drainage, avoids complications of a permanent stoma, avoids an enteric @entity4 , and is accepted by parents.

title: Button cholecystostomy for management of progressive XXXX .

answer: @entity12


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) agonists such as @entity0 and @entity1 are analgesics and diuretics. In monkeys, the selective @entity3 antagonist, @entity2 ( @entity2 ), produces a long-lasting antagonism of the antinociceptive effects of @entity0 but not those of @entity1 , suggesting that @entity3 -mediated antinociception may occur through two distinct KORs. The aim of this study was to characterize the antagonist effect of @entity2 against the diuretic effects of @entity0 and @entity1 in monkeys. Urine outputs were collected over 3 h subsequent to i.m. administration of @entity3 agonists. Both @entity0 (0.032-1 mg/kg) and @entity1 (0.00032-0.01 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased urine output and the diuretic effect reached a plateau at higher doses. The maximum effect of either @entity0 or @entity1 was approximately 15 ml/kg/3 h of urine. Pretreatment with intracisternal @entity2 0.32 mg significantly blocked both @entity0 (0.18 mg/kg)- and @entity1 (0.0032 mg/kg)-induced diuresis for 20 weeks. However, the same dose of @entity2 0.32 mg given subcutaneously was not effective. These results demonstrate that central @entity3 mediate @entity3 agonist-induced diuresis in monkeys. More important, this study provides functional evidence for a homogenous population of @entity3 underlying @entity3 -mediated diuresis and illustrates a unique pharmacological profile of @entity2 -induced ultra-long @entity3 antagonism in vivo.

title: Ultra-long antagonism of kappa opioid agonist-induced diuresis by intracisternal XXXX in monkeys.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 B6, bacterium isolated from cloud water, was incubated on @entity2 for @entity7 production. Dialysis of the obtained mixture (MWCO 500) afforded dialyzate ( @entity6 ) and retentate (RIM). Both were separated by size exclusion chromatography. RIM afforded eight fractions: levan exopolysaccharide (EPS), fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) of levan and inulin types with different degrees of polymerization (dp 2-7) and monosaccharides @entity1 : @entity0 =9:1. Levan was composed of two components with molecular mass ~3500 and ~100kDa in the ratio 2.3:1. @entity3 fraction contained difructose anhydride DFA IV. @entity9 , @entity11 , and @entity12 were identified as @entity8 in the ratio 2:1:3. Fractions with dp 4-7 were mixtures of FOSs of levan (2,6-bFruf) and inulin (1,2-bFruf) type. DIM separation afforded two dominant fractions: @entity4 with @entity1 : @entity0 ratio 1:3; @entity3 fraction contained @entity2 only. DIM trisaccharide fraction contained @entity9 , @entity11 , and @entity12 in the ratio1.5:1:2, penta and hexasaccharide fractions contained FOSs of levan type (2,6-bFruf) containing a-glucose. In the pentasaccharide fraction also the presence of a homopentasaccharide composed of 2,6-linked bFruf units only was identified. @entity10 , inulin (1,2-bFruf) type, was identified as DIM tetrasaccharide. Identification of levan 2,6-bFruf and inulin 1,2-bFruf type oligosaccharides in the incubation medium suggests both levansucrase and inulosucrase enzymes activity in @entity5 B6.

title: NMR structural study of fructans produced by XXXX B6, bacterium isolated in cloud water.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Bicuspid aortic valves are associated with aortic catastrophes, particularly dissection. We examined whether proactive repair of associated dilatation would reduce risk of subsequent aortic dissection or reoperation and whether more aggressive resection is needed in @entity0 undergoing bicuspid aortic valve surgery alone. METHODS: From January 1993 to June 2003, 1989 @entity0 (of our total experience of 4316) underwent bicuspid aortic valve surgery. Long-term outcomes of 1810 were analyzed according to aortic size and whether bicuspid aortic valve surgery was performed alone or with aortic repair. RESULTS: In-hospital 30-day survival was similar (98.8% valve alone vs 98.9% with aortic repair), with no penalty incurred for concomitant aortic repair. @entity1 @entity0 had worse late survival (75% vs 85% at 10 years, P = .0001), but in the matched cohort survival was nearly identical (85% vs 86%; P = .7). With this strategy, freedom from late aortic events was high in both groups (99% valve alone vs 97% with aortic repair at 10 years; P[log-rank] = .06) and similar in the matched cohort (95% vs 97%; P = .2). Approximately 95% of @entity0 undergoing valve-alone surgery had aortic diameters smaller than 4.6 cm or cross-sectional area/height ratios less than 9.4 cm(2)/m; 80% undergoing valve surgery plus aortic repair had diameters larger than 4.1 cm or ratios greater than 7.3 cm(2)/m. Only 0.2% of events occurred at an aortic diameter size of less than 4.5 cm. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic size larger than 4.5 cm or aortic cross-sectional area/height ratio greater than 8 to 10 should be considered triggers for concurrent aortic repair, because there is no added risk, and late survival is better; however, more aggressive resection is unwarranted.

title: XXXX with proactive ascending aorta repair.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDeg @entity4 ) is a soluble coformulation of the novel basal analog insulin degludec (IDeg: 70%) and insulin aspart (IAsp: 30%). We compared the safety and efficacy of IDegAsp, an @entity7 ( @entity7 ) (55% IDeg and 45% IAsp), and insulin glargine (IGlar) in insulin-na  ve subjects with type 2 @entity1 inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this 16-week, open-label trial, subjects (mean age 59.1 years, @entity5 8.5%, BMI 30.3 kg/m(2)) were randomized to once-daily IDegAsp (n = 59), @entity7 (n = 59), or IGlar (n = 60), all in combination with @entity3 . Insulin was administered before the evening meal and dose-titrated to a fasting plasma @entity2 (FPG) target of 4.0-6.0 mmol/L. RESULTS: After 16 weeks, mean @entity5 decreased in all groups to comparable levels (IDegAsp: 7.0%; @entity7 : 7.2%; IGlar: 7.1%). A similar proportion of subjects achieved @entity5 <7.0% without confirmed @entity6 in the last 4 weeks of treatment (IDegAsp: 51%; @entity7 : 47%; IGlar: 50%). Mean 2-h postdinner plasma @entity2 increase was lower for IDeg @entity4 (0.13 mmol/L) and @entity7 (0.24 mmol/L) than IGlar (1.63 mmol/L), whereas mean FPG was similar (IDegAsp: 6.8 mmol/L; @entity7 : 7.4 mmol/L; IGlar: 7.0 mmol/L). @entity6 rates were lower for IDegAsp and IGlar than @entity7 (1.2, 0.7, and 2.4 events/ @entity0 year). Nocturnal hypoglycemic events occurred rarely for IDeg @entity4 (1 event) and IGlar (3 events) compared with @entity7 (27 events). CONCLUSIONS: In this proof-of-concept trial, once-daily IDegAsp was safe, well tolerated, and provided comparable overall glycemic control to IGlar at similar low rates of @entity6 , but better postdinner plasma @entity2 control.

title: A new-generation ultra-long-acting basal insulin with a bolus boost compared with insulin glargine in insulin-naive @entity0 with type 2 XXXX : a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDeg @entity4 ) is a soluble coformulation of the novel basal analog insulin degludec (IDeg: 70%) and insulin aspart (IAsp: 30%). We compared the safety and efficacy of IDegAsp, an @entity7 ( @entity7 ) (55% IDeg and 45% IAsp), and insulin glargine (IGlar) in insulin-na  ve subjects with type 2 @entity1 inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this 16-week, open-label trial, subjects (mean age 59.1 years, @entity5 8.5%, BMI 30.3 kg/m(2)) were randomized to once-daily IDegAsp (n = 59), @entity7 (n = 59), or IGlar (n = 60), all in combination with @entity3 . Insulin was administered before the evening meal and dose-titrated to a fasting plasma @entity2 (FPG) target of 4.0-6.0 mmol/L. RESULTS: After 16 weeks, mean @entity5 decreased in all groups to comparable levels (IDegAsp: 7.0%; @entity7 : 7.2%; IGlar: 7.1%). A similar proportion of subjects achieved @entity5 <7.0% without confirmed @entity6 in the last 4 weeks of treatment (IDegAsp: 51%; @entity7 : 47%; IGlar: 50%). Mean 2-h postdinner plasma @entity2 increase was lower for IDeg @entity4 (0.13 mmol/L) and @entity7 (0.24 mmol/L) than IGlar (1.63 mmol/L), whereas mean FPG was similar (IDegAsp: 6.8 mmol/L; @entity7 : 7.4 mmol/L; IGlar: 7.0 mmol/L). @entity6 rates were lower for IDegAsp and IGlar than @entity7 (1.2, 0.7, and 2.4 events/ @entity0 year). Nocturnal hypoglycemic events occurred rarely for IDeg @entity4 (1 event) and IGlar (3 events) compared with @entity7 (27 events). CONCLUSIONS: In this proof-of-concept trial, once-daily IDegAsp was safe, well tolerated, and provided comparable overall glycemic control to IGlar at similar low rates of @entity6 , but better postdinner plasma @entity2 control.

title: A new-generation ultra-long-acting basal insulin with a bolus boost compared with insulin glargine in insulin-naive XXXX with type 2 @entity1 : a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We conducted a study to establish the psychometric properties of a module of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) developed specifically for @entity0 with @entity1 (MDASI-LC). The MDASI measures 13 common "core" symptoms of @entity2 and its treatment. The MDASI-LC includes the 13 core MDASI symptom items and three @entity1 -specific items: coughing, @entity3 , and sore throat. MDASI-LC items were administered to three cohorts of @entity0 with @entity1 undergoing either chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Known-group validity and criterion (concurrent) validity of the MDASI-LC were evaluated using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the module were adequate, with Cronbach coefficient a-values of 0.83 or higher for all module items and subscales. The sensitivity of the MDASI-LC to changes in @entity0 performance status (disease progression) and to continuing @entity2 treatment (effects of treatment) was established. Cognitive debriefing of a subset of @entity0 provided evidence for content validity and indicated that the MDASI core items and three additional @entity1 -specific items were clear, relevant to @entity0 , and easy to understand; only two @entity0 suggested additional symptom items. As expected, the item "sore throat" was sensitive only for @entity0 receiving chemoradiotherapy. The MDASI-LC is a valid, reliable, and sensitive symptom-assessment instrument whose use can enhance clinical studies of symptom status in @entity0 with @entity1 and epidemiological and prevalence studies of symptom severity across various @entity2 types.

title: Measuring the symptom XXXX : the validity and utility of the @entity1 module of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We conducted a study to establish the psychometric properties of a module of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) developed specifically for @entity0 with @entity1 (MDASI-LC). The MDASI measures 13 common "core" symptoms of @entity2 and its treatment. The MDASI-LC includes the 13 core MDASI symptom items and three @entity1 -specific items: coughing, @entity3 , and sore throat. MDASI-LC items were administered to three cohorts of @entity0 with @entity1 undergoing either chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Known-group validity and criterion (concurrent) validity of the MDASI-LC were evaluated using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the module were adequate, with Cronbach coefficient a-values of 0.83 or higher for all module items and subscales. The sensitivity of the MDASI-LC to changes in @entity0 performance status (disease progression) and to continuing @entity2 treatment (effects of treatment) was established. Cognitive debriefing of a subset of @entity0 provided evidence for content validity and indicated that the MDASI core items and three additional @entity1 -specific items were clear, relevant to @entity0 , and easy to understand; only two @entity0 suggested additional symptom items. As expected, the item "sore throat" was sensitive only for @entity0 receiving chemoradiotherapy. The MDASI-LC is a valid, reliable, and sensitive symptom-assessment instrument whose use can enhance clinical studies of symptom status in @entity0 with @entity1 and epidemiological and prevalence studies of symptom severity across various @entity2 types.

title: Measuring the symptom @entity1 : the validity and utility of the XXXX module of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of the study was to demonstrate of whether the therapeutic effects of antibiotics depend on their in vitro activity in sub-inhibitory concentrations against staphylococci. @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity7 were used in the study. Groups of @entity3 strains, containing 6 strains with similar MIC values each but different sensitivity to sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations (sub-MIC) were selected (a total of 36 trains): i. strains increasing their sensitivity to phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of @entity1 leukocytes after incubation with an antibiotic in 0.1 MIC concentration, ii. strains with sensitivity to the above factors unaffected by incubation with an antibiotic in 0.5 MIC concentration. The doses of staphylococci causing death of 90-100% of Swiss albino @entity0 10 days after i.p. infection were determined. The injected doses (LD 90-100) and various doses of antibiotics were used to determine ED50 values as well as the survival rate of the @entity0 with experimental @entity5 after treatment with these antibiotics. It was demonstrated that effective doses (ED 50) of the antiboitics were significantly lower when the antibiotics were administered once to @entity0 infected with strains @entity3 sensitive to sub-MIC concentrations of the investigated antibiotics than for @entity0 infected with strains resistant to their sub-MIC concentrations. Similar correlations were observed in @entity0 which were given the antibiotics several times (for 7 days): the percentage of the surviving @entity0 was higher in the group infected with sub-MIC sensitive strains. The therapeutic effect of @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity7 demonstrated a significant correlation with the @entity3 strains used to induce the @entity2 and their sensitivity, or lack of sensitivity in vitro, to phagocytosis and bactericdal activity of leukocytes in the presence of antibiotics in sub-MIC concentrations.

title: [Therapeutic effect of some antibiotics on experimental staphylococcal infection and its correlation with in vitro activity of antibiotics in sub-inhibitory concentration against XXXX strains].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Occult @entity0 is occasionally found in reduction mammaplasty specimens. Historically, these @entity1 were treated with mastectomy because the exact location of the @entity2 was unknown. Currently, breast conservation is the treatment of choice in 50 to 85 percent of @entity0 . The authors present a technique of routine specimen marking that allows localization of the @entity2 and preservation of the choice of lumpectomy. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 866 @entity1 who underwent reduction mammaplasty performed by a single surgeon between 1990 and 2009. Data were collected for @entity1 who had @entity2 found in their specimens, including age, @entity2 risk factors, abnormality, nodal status, selected treatment, and survival status. Specimens were marked and oriented and then sent in separate bags to the pathologist. RESULTS: There were 10 cases of @entity3 among the 866 @entity1 (1.15 percent) who underwent reduction mammaplasty. Six @entity2 were found in @entity1 undergoing reduction for symptomatic @entity4 [n = 629 (0.95 percent)]. Four new @entity2 were found in the group of @entity1 with a personal history of @entity2 [n = 237 (1.69 percent)]. All 10 @entity1 had normal preoperative mammograms. Location, size, and margin status were easily identified and @entity1 were offered the choice of lumpectomy or mastectomy. CONCLUSIONS: This article demonstrates that careful marking of reduction specimens in high-risk @entity1 or in @entity1 older than 40 years allows the pathologist to orient, localize, and further section tissue for margin status. Communication among plastic surgeon, pathologist, oncologist, and radiation therapist preserves the choice of breast conserving therapy for early @entity2 .

title: XXXX in 866 reduction mammaplasties: preserving the choice of lumpectomy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 20 @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in first remission were given @entity4 , 120 mg/kg, followed by @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and an HLA-identical allogeneic marrow transplant (BMT). @entity2 was delivered in a single dose (10 Gy on day -1) in 2 @entity0 , or in fractionated doses (3.3 rad/day on days -3, -2, -1) in 18 @entity0 . The median age of @entity0 was 22 years (range 2-44). Median time from remission to BMT was 5 months (range 1-12). 5 @entity0 died of transplant-related @entity1 ( @entity5 with or without @entity3 ) and 15 are alive 7-77 months post-BMT (median 20). The actuarial 72 months survival is 73%. There has been one relapse in a 2-year-old @entity0 , 4 months post-BMT, in the marrow and in the testis. The 72-month actuarial disease-free survival is 68%. The actuarial probability of relapse is 7%. This study indicates that a high proportion of @entity6 @entity0 treated in first remission with fractionated @entity2 and allogeneic marrow transplantation can become long-term disease-free survivors.

title: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for XXXX ( @entity6 ) in first remission.

answer: @entity6


abstract: 20 @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in first remission were given @entity4 , 120 mg/kg, followed by @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and an HLA-identical allogeneic marrow transplant (BMT). @entity2 was delivered in a single dose (10 Gy on day -1) in 2 @entity0 , or in fractionated doses (3.3 rad/day on days -3, -2, -1) in 18 @entity0 . The median age of @entity0 was 22 years (range 2-44). Median time from remission to BMT was 5 months (range 1-12). 5 @entity0 died of transplant-related @entity1 ( @entity5 with or without @entity3 ) and 15 are alive 7-77 months post-BMT (median 20). The actuarial 72 months survival is 73%. There has been one relapse in a 2-year-old @entity0 , 4 months post-BMT, in the marrow and in the testis. The 72-month actuarial disease-free survival is 68%. The actuarial probability of relapse is 7%. This study indicates that a high proportion of @entity6 @entity0 treated in first remission with fractionated @entity2 and allogeneic marrow transplantation can become long-term disease-free survivors.

title: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for @entity6 ( XXXX ) in first remission.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The 99.2% @entity0 of @entity4 venom can be detoxified by treatment with 0.25% GA ( @entity3 ) solution at pH 6.8 and still remains its antigenicity. Using the GA treated venom incorporated with Freund's complete adjuvant as immunogen, the titer of immune @entity1 sera can be enhanced rapidly. The modified immunization method not only shortened the period of immunization (from 180 to 60 days), but also increased the potency of immune sera (from 75 to 170 units). The method also diminished the mortality rate of the @entity1 during the immunization period (from 37 to 0%) and increased the antibody production rate (from 20 to 100%), as compared to Tanaka's method. With the present method, significant economic effects can be achieved. The neutralization antibody titer of Naja naja atra antivenin could be elevated 3.55 times through purification of the antivenin with the pepsin digestion method. The antivenin recovery rate using the pepsin digestion method was about 55.44%. The solubility of lyophilized antivenin was significantly improved by the addition of 2% @entity2 . In addition to an increase of antivenin potency and purity, the problem of an inadequate production rate has also been resolved. Now lyophilized antivenin can be supplied even to remote areas, thus providing excellent opportunities for clinical application. This Institute has already adopted this new immunization schedule in lieu of the old Tanaka method.

title: [The detoxification of XXXX venom and preparation of potent antivenin].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genetic polymorphism is an inevitable component of a multistage infectious organism, such as the @entity0 parasite. By means of genetic polymorphism, parasite opts particular polymorph and reveals survival advantage. Pvs25 and pvs28 are sexual stage antigen genes, expressed at the ookinete stage inside the mosquito gut, and considered as potential transmission-blocking vaccine candidates. This study presents sequence variations in two important transmission blocking antigen genes pvs25 and pvs28 in the field isolates of @entity2 from the Indian subcontinent. METHODS: One hundred microscopically diagnosed @entity2 isolates were collected from five geographical regions of India. Pvs25 and pvs28 genes were PCR amplified and sequenced to assess sequence variation among field isolates. RESULTS: A total of 26 @entity1 substitutions were observed in Pvs25 (10) and Pvs28 (16) among field isolates of @entity2 . Tandem repeat polymorphism observed in pvs28 shows 3-6 tandem repeats in the field isolates. Seven and eight novel @entity1 substitutions were observed in Pvs25 and Pvs28, respectively in Indian isolates. Comparison of @entity1 substitutions suggests that majority of substitutions observed in global isolates were also present in Indian subcontinent. A single haplotype was observed to be major haplotype among isolates of Delhi, Nadiad, Chennai and Panna except in isolates of Kamrup. Further, population comparison analyses suggest that @entity2 isolates inhabiting in north-eastern region (Kamrup) were distantly related with the isolates from remaining parts of the country. Majority of the @entity1 substitutions observed in Indian isolates were more identical to the substitutions reported from isolates of Thailand and Bangladesh. CONCLUSION: Study uncovered many new @entity1 substitutions as well as a predominance of single haplotype in Indian subcontinent except in north-eastern region of the country. The @entity1 substitutions data generated in this study from different geographical regions of the Indian subcontinent could be helpful in designing a more effective anti-malarial transmission-blocking vaccine.

title: Antigenic repertoire of XXXX transmission-blocking vaccine candidates from the Indian subcontinent.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In Experiment 1, 27 lactating @entity1 were fed complete rations ad libitum of 0, 15, and 30% whole cottonseed to examine the effects on intake, digestibility, blood gases, and blood metabolites. Dry matter intake declined linearly with increased cottonseed, but because of greater energy density, calculated net energy for lactation intake was not depressed significantly. Ether extract, crude protein, and @entity2 digestibility increased with cottonseed in the diet. Respiration rates declined with dry matter intake and increased cottonseed feeding; some blood gases were influenced by cottonseed feeding but not in a detrimental way. No data among 13 blood metabolites indicated effects of @entity3 @entity0 with 30% whole cottonseed in the diet. In Experiment 2, 24 dry, nonpregnant Holstein @entity1 were offered complete rations ad libitum of 15, 35, and 55% whole cottonseed to measure responses in intake, respiration rates, and blood metabolites. The highest cottonseed diet significantly depressed intake of both dry matter and calculated net energy for lactation. Maximum dry matter from cottonseed eaten by an individual was 8.4 kg/d (average for 1 wk). Respiration rates declined parallel to intake. No evidence for @entity3 @entity0 was seen among data of 11 metabolites in blood.

title: Effects of amount of whole cottonseed on intake, digestibility, and physiological responses of dairy XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Diagnosis of follicular variant of @entity4 (FVPTC) by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is challenging. In this retrospective review, we evaluated triage efficacy (i.e., potential for triggering surgical intervention) in 44 archived FNA biopsies of surgically confirmed FVPTC obtained between December 2006 and December 2008. We compared the original FNA diagnoses with reclassified diagnoses based on 2007 National @entity1 Institute (NCI)/Bethesda recommendations, and reviewed FNA cytologic features. Original FNA diagnoses included colloid nodule (7%, 3/44), atypical follicular cells (5%, 2/44), follicular lesion (11%, 5/44), @entity1 (16%, 7/44), suspicious for @entity1 / @entity4 (27%, 12/44), and @entity4 (34%, 15/44). Reclassified diagnoses included indeterminate (5%, 2/44), colloid nodule (7%, 3/44), atypical cells of undetermined significance [ACUS] (7%, 3/44), @entity3 (2%, 1/44), @entity1 (7%, 3/44), suspicious for @entity1 / @entity4 (25%, 11/44), and @entity4 (48%, 21/44). Triage efficacy was 77% (34/44) for original diagnoses versus 82% (36/44) for reclassified FNA diagnoses. We frequently observed cytologic features of @entity4 , such as nuclear grooves and fine chromatin; conversely, intranuclear inclusions, though present in 77% cases, were scant. Our review findings suggest that lack of characteristic cytologic features of @entity4 ,coexistence with other @entity2 , and small @entity1 size arethe major obstacles to FNA diagnosis of FVPTC. Reclassification of thyroid FNA diagnoses does not significantly improve triage efficacy. Furthermore, FNA diagnoses of @entity1 and suspicious for @entity1 are valuable in @entity0 with FVPTC because they trigger triage toward surgical intervention.

title: The triage efficacy of fine needle aspiration biopsy for follicular variant of XXXX using the Bethesda reporting guidelines.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Depletion of intracellular @entity1 stores results in the activation of SMCE (store-mediated @entity1 entry) in many cells. The mechanism of activation of SMCE is poorly understood. In @entity0 platelets, a secretion-like coupling model may be involved. This proposes that store depletion results in trafficking of portions of the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, enabling coupling between proteins in the two membranes. In support of this, we have shown that, in @entity0 platelets, agonist-evoked @entity1 store depletion results in de novo and reversible coupling of the Ins P3RII [type II @entity5 (1,4,5)trisphosphate receptor] with the putative @entity1 entry channel @entity4 [ @entity0 canonical transient receptor potential 1 (protein); Rosado, Brownlow and Sage (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 42157-42163]. A crucial test of the hypothesis that this coupling activates SMCE is that it should occur rapidly enough to account for agonist-evoked @entity1 entry. In the present study, we have used quenched- and stopped-flow approaches to determine the latencies of thrombin-evoked coupling of Ins P3RII with @entity4 and of thrombin-evoked bivalent cation entry using @entity3 quenching of @entity2 fluorescence. Thrombin-evoked @entity3 entry was detected with a latency of 0.81+/-0.07 s (S.E.M., n =7) or 1.36+/-0.09 s (S.E.M., n =7) at a concentration of 1.0 or 0.1 unit/ml respectively. Coupling between Ins P3RII and @entity4 , assessed at 100 ms intervals, was first detected with a latency of 0.9 or 1.4 s after stimulation with thrombin at a concentration of 1.0 or 0.1 unit/ml respectively. These results support the hypothesis that de novo coupling of Ins P3RII with @entity4 could activate SMCE in @entity0 platelets.

title: Rapid agonist-evoked coupling of type II Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor with @entity0 transient receptor potential ( XXXX ) channels in @entity0 platelets.

answer: @entity4