abstract: AIMS: First delivery at an older age is not an uncommon event in modern obstetric practice. The present study was undertaken to compare the prevalence of postpartum stress @entity1 (SUI) according to maternal age and mode of delivery. METHODS: Fifty two consecutive elderly primiparae (mean age 40.0 +/- 1.8) who underwent spontaneous vaginal delivery, 42 consecutive elderly primiparae (mean age 40.7 +/- 3.6) who underwent elective cesarean section, and 92 consecutive young primiparae (mean age 26.2 +/- 2.5) who underwent spontaneous vaginal delivery were interviewed 1-2 years postpartum about the symptom of SUI. @entity0 who had SUI before pregnancy were not enrolled. Obstetric data were collected from computerized hospital records. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity2 -2 years after spontaneous vaginal delivery was significantly higher in elderly compared with younger primiparae (38.5% vs. 9.8%, respectively). Elderly primiparae who underwent elective cesarean section had a significantly lower prevalence of postpartum SUI than those delivered vaginally (16.7% vs. 38.5%, respectively). Further comparison of stress-incontinent versus continent elderly primiparae failed to reveal significant demographic or obstetric differences, except for increased prevalence of SUI during pregnancy among incontinent @entity0 (45% vs. 19%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: First vaginal delivery at an older age carries an increased risk for postpartum SUI. Stress-incontinent @entity0 also had higher prevalence of SUI during pregnancy. This finding implies that the pathophysiologic process of SUI begins during pregnancy, prior to active labor and delivery. Nonetheless, elective cesarean section in these @entity0 has a protective effect and lowers the risk of developing postpartum SUI.

title: First vaginal delivery at an older age: Does it carry an extra risk for the development of stress XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is the most frequent @entity8 in Mexico. Only 33% of cases are resectable. Our aim was to determine the activity and @entity3 of the @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity7 combination in initially unresectable @entity2 and to determine its ability to permit resection. METHODS: Sixty @entity0 with unresectable @entity4 were treated with @entity5 80 mg/m2, @entity9 80 mg/m2, @entity10 25 mg/m2, and @entity7 800 mg/m2 by central intravenous catheter for 4 consecutive days. Two courses of this combination were followed by surgical resection. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 36.8% (20 partial responses and one complete response). By using logistic regression analysis, the @entity2 , node, and @entity1 stage (risk ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-4.02; P = .039) was identified as the response determinant to chemotherapy. Major @entity3 was grade 3 or 4 @entity6 in 67% of @entity0 . Ten resections were performed (17.5%); five were curative and five palliative. Operative morbidity and mortality rates were 40% and 10%, respectively. The median length of survival was 7.46 and 13.3 months for nonresponders and responders, respectively (P = .011). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity7 combination is active in advanced @entity4 and the @entity3 level is acceptable. This treatment permits a 17.5% resection rate in previously unresectable @entity2 . A randomized trial of surgery vs. neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus surgery is warranted.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with P-ELF ( XXXX , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity7 ) followed by radical resection in @entity0 with initially unresectable @entity4 : a phase II study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is the most frequent @entity8 in Mexico. Only 33% of cases are resectable. Our aim was to determine the activity and @entity3 of the @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity7 combination in initially unresectable @entity2 and to determine its ability to permit resection. METHODS: Sixty @entity0 with unresectable @entity4 were treated with @entity5 80 mg/m2, @entity9 80 mg/m2, @entity10 25 mg/m2, and @entity7 800 mg/m2 by central intravenous catheter for 4 consecutive days. Two courses of this combination were followed by surgical resection. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 36.8% (20 partial responses and one complete response). By using logistic regression analysis, the @entity2 , node, and @entity1 stage (risk ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-4.02; P = .039) was identified as the response determinant to chemotherapy. Major @entity3 was grade 3 or 4 @entity6 in 67% of @entity0 . Ten resections were performed (17.5%); five were curative and five palliative. Operative morbidity and mortality rates were 40% and 10%, respectively. The median length of survival was 7.46 and 13.3 months for nonresponders and responders, respectively (P = .011). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity7 combination is active in advanced @entity4 and the @entity3 level is acceptable. This treatment permits a 17.5% resection rate in previously unresectable @entity2 . A randomized trial of surgery vs. neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus surgery is warranted.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with P-ELF ( @entity5 , @entity9 , XXXX , @entity7 ) followed by radical resection in @entity0 with initially unresectable @entity4 : a phase II study.

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is the most frequent @entity8 in Mexico. Only 33% of cases are resectable. Our aim was to determine the activity and @entity3 of the @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity7 combination in initially unresectable @entity2 and to determine its ability to permit resection. METHODS: Sixty @entity0 with unresectable @entity4 were treated with @entity5 80 mg/m2, @entity9 80 mg/m2, @entity10 25 mg/m2, and @entity7 800 mg/m2 by central intravenous catheter for 4 consecutive days. Two courses of this combination were followed by surgical resection. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 36.8% (20 partial responses and one complete response). By using logistic regression analysis, the @entity2 , node, and @entity1 stage (risk ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-4.02; P = .039) was identified as the response determinant to chemotherapy. Major @entity3 was grade 3 or 4 @entity6 in 67% of @entity0 . Ten resections were performed (17.5%); five were curative and five palliative. Operative morbidity and mortality rates were 40% and 10%, respectively. The median length of survival was 7.46 and 13.3 months for nonresponders and responders, respectively (P = .011). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity7 combination is active in advanced @entity4 and the @entity3 level is acceptable. This treatment permits a 17.5% resection rate in previously unresectable @entity2 . A randomized trial of surgery vs. neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus surgery is warranted.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with P-ELF ( @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity7 ) followed by radical resection in @entity0 with initially unresectable XXXX : a phase II study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is the most frequent @entity8 in Mexico. Only 33% of cases are resectable. Our aim was to determine the activity and @entity3 of the @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity7 combination in initially unresectable @entity2 and to determine its ability to permit resection. METHODS: Sixty @entity0 with unresectable @entity4 were treated with @entity5 80 mg/m2, @entity9 80 mg/m2, @entity10 25 mg/m2, and @entity7 800 mg/m2 by central intravenous catheter for 4 consecutive days. Two courses of this combination were followed by surgical resection. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 36.8% (20 partial responses and one complete response). By using logistic regression analysis, the @entity2 , node, and @entity1 stage (risk ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-4.02; P = .039) was identified as the response determinant to chemotherapy. Major @entity3 was grade 3 or 4 @entity6 in 67% of @entity0 . Ten resections were performed (17.5%); five were curative and five palliative. Operative morbidity and mortality rates were 40% and 10%, respectively. The median length of survival was 7.46 and 13.3 months for nonresponders and responders, respectively (P = .011). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity7 combination is active in advanced @entity4 and the @entity3 level is acceptable. This treatment permits a 17.5% resection rate in previously unresectable @entity2 . A randomized trial of surgery vs. neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus surgery is warranted.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with P-ELF ( @entity5 , XXXX , @entity10 , @entity7 ) followed by radical resection in @entity0 with initially unresectable @entity4 : a phase II study.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is the most frequent @entity8 in Mexico. Only 33% of cases are resectable. Our aim was to determine the activity and @entity3 of the @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity7 combination in initially unresectable @entity2 and to determine its ability to permit resection. METHODS: Sixty @entity0 with unresectable @entity4 were treated with @entity5 80 mg/m2, @entity9 80 mg/m2, @entity10 25 mg/m2, and @entity7 800 mg/m2 by central intravenous catheter for 4 consecutive days. Two courses of this combination were followed by surgical resection. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 36.8% (20 partial responses and one complete response). By using logistic regression analysis, the @entity2 , node, and @entity1 stage (risk ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-4.02; P = .039) was identified as the response determinant to chemotherapy. Major @entity3 was grade 3 or 4 @entity6 in 67% of @entity0 . Ten resections were performed (17.5%); five were curative and five palliative. Operative morbidity and mortality rates were 40% and 10%, respectively. The median length of survival was 7.46 and 13.3 months for nonresponders and responders, respectively (P = .011). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity7 combination is active in advanced @entity4 and the @entity3 level is acceptable. This treatment permits a 17.5% resection rate in previously unresectable @entity2 . A randomized trial of surgery vs. neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus surgery is warranted.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with P-ELF ( @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , XXXX ) followed by radical resection in @entity0 with initially unresectable @entity4 : a phase II study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is the most frequent @entity8 in Mexico. Only 33% of cases are resectable. Our aim was to determine the activity and @entity3 of the @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity7 combination in initially unresectable @entity2 and to determine its ability to permit resection. METHODS: Sixty @entity0 with unresectable @entity4 were treated with @entity5 80 mg/m2, @entity9 80 mg/m2, @entity10 25 mg/m2, and @entity7 800 mg/m2 by central intravenous catheter for 4 consecutive days. Two courses of this combination were followed by surgical resection. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 36.8% (20 partial responses and one complete response). By using logistic regression analysis, the @entity2 , node, and @entity1 stage (risk ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-4.02; P = .039) was identified as the response determinant to chemotherapy. Major @entity3 was grade 3 or 4 @entity6 in 67% of @entity0 . Ten resections were performed (17.5%); five were curative and five palliative. Operative morbidity and mortality rates were 40% and 10%, respectively. The median length of survival was 7.46 and 13.3 months for nonresponders and responders, respectively (P = .011). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity7 combination is active in advanced @entity4 and the @entity3 level is acceptable. This treatment permits a 17.5% resection rate in previously unresectable @entity2 . A randomized trial of surgery vs. neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus surgery is warranted.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with P-ELF ( @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity7 ) followed by radical resection in XXXX with initially unresectable @entity4 : a phase II study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of serial sectioning is considered the gold standard for detection of @entity2 activity in sentinel node (SN) biopsies. However, this is cost and labor intensive. In contrast, @entity5 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is simple and quick, but it is hampered by its extreme sensitivity. This study was performed to test whether a strategy that combines the two methods, using @entity5 RT-PCR to preselect nodes for IHC, could be accurate and cost effective. METHODS: In 36 @entity0 , SNs were identified by scintigraphy and patent blue uptake. Of each SN, one cross section was analyzed first by @entity3 and @entity4 staining. Next, all nodes were examined by serial sectioning and IHC of one-half and @entity5 RT-PCR of the other. Before comparison, all results were documented in a blinded manner. Material costs and workload estimates were noted per SN. RESULTS: Fifty-five SNs were retrieved from the 36 @entity0 . @entity3 and @entity4 staining of the first cross section revealed @entity1 positivity in 3 @entity0 (6 SN). @entity5 RT-PCR was positive in 11 of the remaining 33 @entity0 (19 of 49 SN). Of these same 11 @entity0 , only 5 were shown to have @entity1 -positive SNs by using IHC on serial sections (7 SN). All these nodes had been positive for @entity5 on PCR. For IHC, an average of 40 sections were prepared and examined per SN at a cost of  200(U.S.)/SN. In contrast, routine @entity5 RT-PCR costs  37(U.S.)/SN, and takes 5% of the time necessary for IHC. A strategy including @entity3 and @entity4 staining on the first cross section, followed by @entity5 RT-PCR on half of each negative (half) node, could preselect nodes to be taken through serial sectioning. In these series, such a strategy would have prevented serial sectioning and IHC of 30 SN from 22 @entity0 . Apart from a considerable gain in efficiency, this would have reduced material costs by a minimum of  6000 (U.S.). This discrepancy would be even higher if work intensity of analysts and pathologists were considered. CONCLUSIONS: In routine analysis of SN biopsies in @entity2 @entity0 , @entity5 RT-PCR can be used effectively to preselect nodes for further IHC of serial sections. This method seems both time and cost effective.

title: Sentinel node biopsies in XXXX @entity0 : a protocol for accurate, efficient, and cost-effective analysis by preselection for immunohistochemistry on the basis of Tyr-PCR.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of serial sectioning is considered the gold standard for detection of @entity2 activity in sentinel node (SN) biopsies. However, this is cost and labor intensive. In contrast, @entity5 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is simple and quick, but it is hampered by its extreme sensitivity. This study was performed to test whether a strategy that combines the two methods, using @entity5 RT-PCR to preselect nodes for IHC, could be accurate and cost effective. METHODS: In 36 @entity0 , SNs were identified by scintigraphy and patent blue uptake. Of each SN, one cross section was analyzed first by @entity3 and @entity4 staining. Next, all nodes were examined by serial sectioning and IHC of one-half and @entity5 RT-PCR of the other. Before comparison, all results were documented in a blinded manner. Material costs and workload estimates were noted per SN. RESULTS: Fifty-five SNs were retrieved from the 36 @entity0 . @entity3 and @entity4 staining of the first cross section revealed @entity1 positivity in 3 @entity0 (6 SN). @entity5 RT-PCR was positive in 11 of the remaining 33 @entity0 (19 of 49 SN). Of these same 11 @entity0 , only 5 were shown to have @entity1 -positive SNs by using IHC on serial sections (7 SN). All these nodes had been positive for @entity5 on PCR. For IHC, an average of 40 sections were prepared and examined per SN at a cost of  200(U.S.)/SN. In contrast, routine @entity5 RT-PCR costs  37(U.S.)/SN, and takes 5% of the time necessary for IHC. A strategy including @entity3 and @entity4 staining on the first cross section, followed by @entity5 RT-PCR on half of each negative (half) node, could preselect nodes to be taken through serial sectioning. In these series, such a strategy would have prevented serial sectioning and IHC of 30 SN from 22 @entity0 . Apart from a considerable gain in efficiency, this would have reduced material costs by a minimum of  6000 (U.S.). This discrepancy would be even higher if work intensity of analysts and pathologists were considered. CONCLUSIONS: In routine analysis of SN biopsies in @entity2 @entity0 , @entity5 RT-PCR can be used effectively to preselect nodes for further IHC of serial sections. This method seems both time and cost effective.

title: Sentinel node biopsies in @entity2 XXXX : a protocol for accurate, efficient, and cost-effective analysis by preselection for immunohistochemistry on the basis of Tyr-PCR.

answer: @entity0


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the sonographic appearance of normal prostate vascularity in @entity0 before and after injection of a new ultrasound contrast agent, @entity2 . METHODS: Thirty-five intravenous injections of @entity2 , in doses ranging from 0.00625 to 0.05 microL microbubbles/kg, were administered to seven anesthetized mongrel male @entity0 . Transrectal color Doppler imaging and power Doppler imaging were used to perform the assessment. The visibility of the vascular pattern of the prostate was assessed, including dynamics of contrast inflow, blood flow symmetry, and duration times. RESULTS: Before contrast administration, the vascular pattern was poorly visualized in all cases. After contrast injection, the visibility of the vascular architecture improved significantly for both modalities. Independent of the imaging method used, higher doses tended to be more effective than lower doses. Contrast kinetics in the prostate vessels was demonstrated with a mean time from injection of the ultrasound contrast agent to enhancement of the Doppler signals in the subcapsular arteries (+/-1 SD) of 13+/-3 seconds, and the ultrasound contrast agent reached the central periurethral veins 3 to 6 seconds later. A spokelike radial pattern of internal prostatic vessels observed with enhanced ultrasound could also be seen on @entity1 microfil x-ray images. The Doppler enhancement persisted for a mean time ( +/-1 SD) of 904 seconds (approximately 15 minutes) +/- 225 seconds and tended to increase with increasing dose. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 significantly improves the detection of blood flow in the normal @entity0 prostate and allows more accurate depiction of the vascular architecture of the prostate.

title: Enhanced detection of blood flow in the normal XXXX prostate using an ultrasound contrast agent.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) frequently received corticosteroid therapy, resulting in @entity3 of the femoral head (ONFH). Prior studies demonstrated the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave treatment (ESWT) for ONFH.. This study evaluated the effectiveness of ESWT for ONFH in @entity0 with @entity2 . We studied 39 @entity0 , including 15 @entity0 with @entity2 (26 hips) and 24 controls (29 hips). To each affected hip we applied ESWT (6000 impulses at 28 kV in a single session). @entity0 were ambulated with partial weight bearing for 4-6 weeks. The primary endpoint was the need for hip replacement. The secondary endpoints were improvement in @entity1 and function and image changes on X-ray and MRI. @entity0 received total hip replacement in 12% of @entity0 with @entity2 and in 14% of controls (P = 0.802). There was no statistically significant difference in @entity1 scores (0.86 vs. 0.89; P = 0.467) and function scores (89% vs. 91%; P = 0.194) between @entity0 with @entity2 and controls. @entity2 response to ESWT for ONFH is comparable with ONFH in @entity0 without @entity2 .

title: Extracorporeal shockwave for hip necrosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: This paper aims at presenting the most significant results emerging from the work carried out by the focus groups of the multi-centre Project SIEP-DIRECT'S. The Project is aimed at assessing the existing discrepancies between the evidence-based NICE guidelines for @entity2 and the usual practices of care given by Italian mental health services. Each focus group was requested to give an evaluation on: (a) appropriateness of the English NICE guidelines in the context of the Italian mental health services; (b) clarity and usefulness of the 103 indicators developed on the basis of the NICE recommendations to measure their level of application within the services. METHODS: In each of the 19 mental health departments or @entity1 services participating in the Project there were organized "multidisciplinary" focus groups and "specialistic" focus groups. The former included, amongst others, professional operators of the mental health services, @entity0 , their relatives, representatives of @entity0 organizations and general practitioners. They examined the recommendations and indicators upon which the @entity0 could express their opinion or judgment based on their knowledge, experience or information in their possession. The latter group, composed only of psychiatrists, examined the recommendations and indicators relative to pharmacological treatments that regarded the specific competences of their professional category. RESULTS: Most NICE recommendations seemed appropriate to the working context of the Italian services. However, some perplexity emerged as regards specific organizational models of the services, such as the specific services for @entity3 onsets or the assertive outreach teams, which were believed not to be strictly pertinent to the traditional organization of mental health care in our Country. There were also some criticisms regarding the cognitive-behavioural treatments which the NICE Guidelines recommend as the principle psychotherapeutic option for @entity0 with @entity2 , since in many Italian services, when the use of psychological interventions are needed, the tendency is to prefer interventions based on psychodynamic theories. The SIEP indicators were generally held to be clear and acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: In the view of the focus groups, the NICE guidelines are on the whole useful and suitable for orientating the services in the choice of more efficacious practices in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 . Moreover, the results obtained legitimate the use of the set of SIEP indicators for the evaluation of good practices and the quality of care offered by Italian services. Finally, the use of focus groups delines to a different context as well as the verification of the comprehensibility and applicability of SIEP indicators.

title: [The acceptability of the NICE recommendations for XXXX in the Italian Departments of Mental Health. The SIEP-DIRECT'S Project on the discrepancy between routine practice and evidence].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The factors that determine the ability of some, but not all neurons, to sustain their axonal projections during aging remain largely unknown. Because sympathetic neurons remain responsive to nerve growth factor (NGF) in old age, it has been proposed that the selective decrease observed in the sympathetic innervation to some targets in aged @entity0 may be the result of a deficit in target-derived NGF. In this study we utilized two different techniques to demonstrate decreased target innervation by sympathetic fibers in the aged @entity0 pineal gland, which is an appropriate and relevant model for examining mechanisms of neuron-target interactions in aging. @entity2 hydroxylase immunoreactive profiles were quantified in pineal glands of young and aged male @entity0 . The density of @entity2 hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers was 30% lower in aged pineals, although the remaining fibers contained 20% more @entity2 hydroxylase-immunoreactivity. Othograde tracing of the pineal sympathetic innervation using biotinylated dextran revealed that average axon length, varicosity numbers, branch point numbers, and numbers of terminations were all decreased by approximately 50% in aged tissues, indicating possible functional deficits. These findings suggest that whole branches, along with their associated varicosities were lost in old age. A sensitive quantitative ribonuclease protection assay and a two-site ELISA assay were used to examine whether reduced NGF availability might correlate with sympathetic nerve @entity1 . No significant differences were detected in either NGF mRNA or NGF protein levels when comparing young and aged pineal glands, suggesting that @entity1 in aged sympathetic neurons is not causally related to reduced availability of NGF at the target. Our results indicate that mechanisms other than NGF expression need to be explored in order to explain the age-related axonal regression observed in this target.

title: NGF expression in the aged XXXX pineal gland does not correlate with loss of sympathetic axonal branches and varicosities.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of cavernous dural @entity5 (DAVF) is usually made by a transarterial approach. However, in many complicated @entity0 , treatments via transarterial approaches can not be achieved, and only an operation via a transvenous approach is feasible. We aimed to study the feasibility of transarterial embolization of cavernous dural @entity5 with a combination detachable coils and Onyx to embolize a complicated cavernous DAVF via a transvenous approach. METHODS: From August 2006 to August 2007, six cases of complicated cavernous DAVF were embolized with a combination of detachable coils and Onyx via a transvenous approach. Three cases were male and the other three were female. Their ages ranged from 36 to 69 years old. The @entity3 was in the right lateral cavernous sinus in one case, in the left lateral cavernous sinus in another, and in the bilateral cavernous sinus in 4 cases. One @entity3 was fed by the right internal carotid artery and its meningohypophyseal trunk; one was fed by the branches of the left internal carotid artery and left external carotid artery; four were fed by the branches of the bilateral internal carotid artery and/or the bilateral external carotid artery. One case was drained via one lateral inferior petrosal sinus; three were drained via bilateral inferior petrosal sinuses; one was drained via one lateral ophthalmic and facial veins; one was drained via the inferior petrosal sinus and the ophthalmic and facial veins. Four were @entity4 , and two were embolized via the ophthalmic and facial veins. RESULTS: Among six cases of complicated cavernous DAVF, four were fully embolized with Onyx by a single operation, and two cases were fully embolized with Onyx following two operations. Transient @entity1 was found after operation in all @entity0 , but was cured after several days by the symptomatic treatments. In one case, the first operation via the inferior petrosal sinus was a failure; the feeding branches of the external carotid artery were embolized, and transient @entity7 was appeared after operation. The @entity3 was fully embolized with @entity2 after two months with no complications. One bilateral cavernous sinus DAVF was embolized with @entity2 by two operations, and transient @entity6 occurred after embolization. CONCLUSIONS: Because Onyx may be injected via a transvenous approach and the microcatheter is easily withdrawn, cavernous sinus via transvenous catheterization and embolization is a safe and efficient way to treat complicated cavernous dural @entity5 , especially those for which operations via transarterial approaches have failed, or spontaneous cavernous dural @entity5 .

title: Transvenous embolization with a combination of detachable coils and Onyx for a complicated cavernous dural arteriovenous XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hemispatial neglect is among the most common and disabling consequences of right hemisphere @entity2 . A variety of variables have been associated with the presence or severity of neglect but have not evaluated the independent effects of location, severity, and volume of @entity1 . Few have determined areas involved in different types of neglect. We identified the contributions of these variables to severity of viewer-centered versus stimulus-centered neglect in acute ischemic right hemisphere @entity2 . METHODS: We studied 137 @entity0 within 24 hours of @entity2 onset with MR diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging and a test of @entity4 that distinguishes between viewer-centered and stimulus-centered neglect. Using multivariable linear regression, we identified the independent contributions of severity of @entity1 in specific locations, volume of @entity1 , and age in accounting for severity of each neglect type. RESULTS: Severity of hypoperfusion in angular gyrus was the only variable that significantly and independently contributed to severity of viewer-centered neglect. Volume of dysfunctional tissue and hypoperfusion in @entity5 also accounted for some variability in severity of viewer-centered neglect. Severity of hypoperfusion of superior temporal cortex was the only variable that independently and significantly contributed to severity of stimulus-centered neglect. CONCLUSIONS: Location, severity, and volume of @entity1 together determine the type and severity of neglect after right hemisphere @entity2 . Results also show that perfusion-weighted MRI can be used as a semiquantitative measure of tissue dysfunction in acute @entity2 and can account for a substantial proportion of the @entity3 in the acute stage.

title: Severity of hypoperfusion in distinct brain regions predicts severity of XXXX in different reference frames.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the long-term behavior of @entity8 of the pancreas could be predicted using a novel, precisely defined classification of benign @entity6 , noninvasive @entity8 , and invasive @entity4 . The primary interest was to obtain long-term follow-up after complete resection to determine the recurrence rates based on this objective classification. BACKGROUND: Current understanding is that all @entity8 of the pancreas are potentially malignant and that @entity6 , when completely removed, are biologically benign. @entity5 are thought to be less aggressively malignant than @entity2 , but reported recurrence rates vary widely and are unpredictable. METHODS: All @entity0 who underwent "curative" resection for @entity8 at Mayo Clinic Rochester from 1940 to 1997 were identified. All available pathology slides, gross specimens, and clinical records were reviewed, eliminating @entity0 with inadequate documentation. @entity1 were reclassified as @entity6 , noninvasive proliferative mucinous @entity1 , or invasive @entity5 based on specific histologic criteria. RESULTS: Of 84 @entity0 (70 @entity0 , 14 @entity0 ) with @entity8 of the pancreas, 54 were classified as @entity7 , 23 as noninvasive @entity8 , and only 7 as @entity5 . Recurrent disease developed in none of the 77 @entity0 without invasion, but 5 of the 6 @entity0 surviving resection for @entity5 died of recurrent @entity5 within 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: When the @entity1 is completely resected and subjected to adequate histopathologic examination based on these objective criteria, absence of tissue invasion predicts a curative operation and detailed follow-up may be unnecessary. In contrast, a histologic diagnosis of invasive @entity5 portends a dismal prognosis, similar to that of typical @entity3 .

title: Clinical and pathologic correlation of 84 mucinous @entity1 of the pancreas: can one reliably differentiate benign from malignant (or premalignant) XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the long-term behavior of @entity8 of the pancreas could be predicted using a novel, precisely defined classification of benign @entity6 , noninvasive @entity8 , and invasive @entity4 . The primary interest was to obtain long-term follow-up after complete resection to determine the recurrence rates based on this objective classification. BACKGROUND: Current understanding is that all @entity8 of the pancreas are potentially malignant and that @entity6 , when completely removed, are biologically benign. @entity5 are thought to be less aggressively malignant than @entity2 , but reported recurrence rates vary widely and are unpredictable. METHODS: All @entity0 who underwent "curative" resection for @entity8 at Mayo Clinic Rochester from 1940 to 1997 were identified. All available pathology slides, gross specimens, and clinical records were reviewed, eliminating @entity0 with inadequate documentation. @entity1 were reclassified as @entity6 , noninvasive proliferative mucinous @entity1 , or invasive @entity5 based on specific histologic criteria. RESULTS: Of 84 @entity0 (70 @entity0 , 14 @entity0 ) with @entity8 of the pancreas, 54 were classified as @entity7 , 23 as noninvasive @entity8 , and only 7 as @entity5 . Recurrent disease developed in none of the 77 @entity0 without invasion, but 5 of the 6 @entity0 surviving resection for @entity5 died of recurrent @entity5 within 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: When the @entity1 is completely resected and subjected to adequate histopathologic examination based on these objective criteria, absence of tissue invasion predicts a curative operation and detailed follow-up may be unnecessary. In contrast, a histologic diagnosis of invasive @entity5 portends a dismal prognosis, similar to that of typical @entity3 .

title: Clinical and pathologic correlation of 84 mucinous XXXX of the pancreas: can one reliably differentiate benign from malignant (or premalignant) @entity1 ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Ionized @entity1 ( @entity0 ) appears to be required by the 3 predominant species of rumen cellulolytic bacteria, @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity2 . The present study evaluated the role of ionized @entity1 in growth and cellulose digestion. Maximum growth or rate and extent of digestion and lag time were the criteria used to evaluate @entity0 requirements. All cultures except @entity5 A3c grew when repeatedly transferred in a medium without added @entity0 . As @entity0 concentration increased in cellobiose medium, the rate of growth increased and lag time decreased for @entity5 A3c, whereas @entity6 exhibited increases in both maximum growth and rate of growth. No responses in any of the criteria were observed for the ruminococci in cellobiose medium. Both strains of @entity5 had an absolute requirement for @entity0 with cellulose as the only substrate. For @entity4 c the requirement was 0.36 to 0.42 mM and for S85, >0.64 mM. Increases in extent of cellulose degradation occurred with all strains of ruminococci as @entity0 concentration increased; however, degradation in @entity0 -free medium was similar to that of @entity5 with @entity0 . Although the ruminococci presumably have cellulosomes that require @entity0 in their structure, such was not evident in our studies. The function of @entity0 in cellulose degradation by @entity5 is unknown, but may be related to the secretion or activation of their cellulolytic enzymes. Based on reported concentrations of @entity0 in the rumen, it seems unlikely that an in @entity3 would occur for these bacteria.

title: Ionized XXXX requirement of rumen cellulolytic bacteria.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is the most common genotyping method used for the typing of a number of bacterial species. Generally, investigators use their own custom-developed protocol, but a standardized PFGE protocol would allow the comparison of typing results between laboratories and the tracing of strains around the country. In the present study, we optimized a PFGE protocol for subtyping of @entity2 , @entity0 and @entity3 spp., which are commonly isolated from @entity1 in many hospitals. Reproducibility of our PFGE procedure was studied three times at 2- to 3-week intervals. Epidemiological concordance of the optimized PFGE procedure was tested on seven isolates of A. baumannii from a previous outbreak and seven A. baumannii isolates randomly selected among the clinical isolates. The optimized PFGE procedure was evaluated on a total of 174 clinical isolates including 62 A. baumannii, 50 @entity0 , and 62 @entity3 spp. The inter-laboratory reproducibility of the optimized protocol was tested at four laboratories. The optimized procedure is completed in 28 h after culturing. It is likely to be cost-effective, due to the reduction in the time, reagent volume and enzyme concentration needed. The procedure showed high concordance with epidemiological data. There were no non-typeable isolates among the tested bacteria. It is reproducible and versatile. This protocol can be used to identify outbreaks and monitor the spreading rate of @entity1 caused by the tested bacterial isolates. Furthermore, due to its high intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility, the protocol has the potential to be useful for comparing PFGE fingerprinting profiles of the isolates from different settings.

title: The optimization of a rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for the typing of @entity2 , XXXX and @entity3 spp.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is the most common genotyping method used for the typing of a number of bacterial species. Generally, investigators use their own custom-developed protocol, but a standardized PFGE protocol would allow the comparison of typing results between laboratories and the tracing of strains around the country. In the present study, we optimized a PFGE protocol for subtyping of @entity2 , @entity0 and @entity3 spp., which are commonly isolated from @entity1 in many hospitals. Reproducibility of our PFGE procedure was studied three times at 2- to 3-week intervals. Epidemiological concordance of the optimized PFGE procedure was tested on seven isolates of A. baumannii from a previous outbreak and seven A. baumannii isolates randomly selected among the clinical isolates. The optimized PFGE procedure was evaluated on a total of 174 clinical isolates including 62 A. baumannii, 50 @entity0 , and 62 @entity3 spp. The inter-laboratory reproducibility of the optimized protocol was tested at four laboratories. The optimized procedure is completed in 28 h after culturing. It is likely to be cost-effective, due to the reduction in the time, reagent volume and enzyme concentration needed. The procedure showed high concordance with epidemiological data. There were no non-typeable isolates among the tested bacteria. It is reproducible and versatile. This protocol can be used to identify outbreaks and monitor the spreading rate of @entity1 caused by the tested bacterial isolates. Furthermore, due to its high intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility, the protocol has the potential to be useful for comparing PFGE fingerprinting profiles of the isolates from different settings.

title: The optimization of a rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for the typing of XXXX , @entity0 and @entity3 spp.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is the most common genotyping method used for the typing of a number of bacterial species. Generally, investigators use their own custom-developed protocol, but a standardized PFGE protocol would allow the comparison of typing results between laboratories and the tracing of strains around the country. In the present study, we optimized a PFGE protocol for subtyping of @entity2 , @entity0 and @entity3 spp., which are commonly isolated from @entity1 in many hospitals. Reproducibility of our PFGE procedure was studied three times at 2- to 3-week intervals. Epidemiological concordance of the optimized PFGE procedure was tested on seven isolates of A. baumannii from a previous outbreak and seven A. baumannii isolates randomly selected among the clinical isolates. The optimized PFGE procedure was evaluated on a total of 174 clinical isolates including 62 A. baumannii, 50 @entity0 , and 62 @entity3 spp. The inter-laboratory reproducibility of the optimized protocol was tested at four laboratories. The optimized procedure is completed in 28 h after culturing. It is likely to be cost-effective, due to the reduction in the time, reagent volume and enzyme concentration needed. The procedure showed high concordance with epidemiological data. There were no non-typeable isolates among the tested bacteria. It is reproducible and versatile. This protocol can be used to identify outbreaks and monitor the spreading rate of @entity1 caused by the tested bacterial isolates. Furthermore, due to its high intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility, the protocol has the potential to be useful for comparing PFGE fingerprinting profiles of the isolates from different settings.

title: The optimization of a rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for the typing of @entity2 , @entity0 and XXXX spp.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of chemotherapy, focal therapies, radiation and co-existing ocular morbidities on histology of eyes with @entity5 enucleated following chemoreduction is not well known. PROCEDURE: Twenty-five eyes (23 @entity0 ) with @entity5 enucleated after failing eye-salvage therapy were evaluated. Reasons for enucleation ( @entity2 progression, subretinal or vitreous seeds) and co-morbid conditions ( @entity8 , @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity6 ) were documented. All specimens were reviewed for evidence of ciliary body, @entity7 , and scleral invasion. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 14 months (range, 1-37 months). Twenty eyes were classified as Reese-Ellsworth Group IV-V at diagnosis. Twenty-four eyes had recurrent disease at enucleation; one eye was enucleated for @entity8 and @entity4 . Co-existing ocular morbidities at enucleation included @entity4 (n = 6), @entity6 (n = 9), @entity8 (n = 9) and @entity3 (n = 3). Histologic findings included @entity1 (n = 7), ciliary body invasion (n = 4), @entity9 (n = 6) and scleral invasion (n = 3). The median time from diagnosis to enucleation was 11 months. Co-existing @entity6 and @entity4 significantly increased the likelihood of @entity9 (P = 0.014 and P = 0.011, respectively). Prolonged time to enucleation was significantly associated with the likelihood of choroidal (P = 0.010) and ciliary body (P = 0.021) invasion as well as invasion of multiple sites. CONCLUSION: In eyes with @entity5 enucleated after chemoreduction, co-existing ocular morbidities and time to enucleation are predictive of extra-retinal extension.

title: Predictive factors of invasion in eyes with XXXX enucleated after eye salvage treatments.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A clinical trial is currently under way to examine the effectiveness of @entity8 as a @entity0 chemopreventive agent and contraceptive. This trial, as well as similar proposed studies, is based on the assumption that @entity8 is as effective as surgical castration in preventing the onset of @entity1 ; however, this has not been well documented in the @entity5 animal model. We directly compared @entity8 and oophorectomy in this model and examined a combined therapy of @entity8 / @entity7 . Twenty-seven day old female @entity2 were randomly allocated into one of eight groups. All @entity2 received a 20-mg dose of @entity5 at the age of 55 days. Group 1 (n = 10), no treatment; Group 2 (n = 9), @entity8 (100 microg/kg/day) for eight weeks beginning four weeks prior to @entity5 ; Group 3 (n = 10), oophorectomy four weeks prior to @entity5 with replacement @entity6 beginning four weeks following @entity5 . @entity6 replacement was achieved with a 0.05-mg @entity3 tablet releasing 0.833 microg/day over a 60-day period. Group 4 (n = 10), @entity8 (100 microg/kg/day) initiated two weeks prior to @entity5 and continuing for two weeks following @entity5 ; Group 5 (n = 9), oophorectomy two weeks prior to @entity5 with 0.05 mg of @entity3 in depot form, releasing 0.833 microg/day, beginning four weeks following @entity5 and continuing until week 16 of the study; Group 6 (n = 10), @entity8 (100 microg/kg/day) beginning two weeks prior to @entity5 and continuing for the duration of the experiment; Group 7 (n = 10), @entity8 (100 microg/kg/day) for eight weeks beginning two weeks prior to @entity5 ; Group 8 (n = 9), @entity8 (100 microg/kg/day) and @entity7 (83 microg/day) for eight weeks beginning two weeks prior to @entity5 . At nineteen weeks (15 weeks post @entity5 ), animals were sacrificed and autopsies performed. One hundred percent of untreated animals developed @entity1 . No animals undergoing oophorectomy four weeks prior to @entity5 or receiving @entity8 four weeks prior to and simultaneously with @entity5 developed @entity1 . In animals pretreated two weeks prior to @entity5 with @entity8 or oophorectomy, each group had one animal with @entity1 development. No @entity1 developed in the animals receiving ongoing injections of @entity8 . However, one @entity1 developed in those receiving @entity8 for the first eight weeks beginning two weeks prior to @entity5 administration. One animal receiving both @entity8 and @entity7 developed one @entity1 . We conclude that chemical oophorectomy (with @entity8 ) is as effective as surgical oophorectomy in inhibiting @entity5 induced @entity4 .

title: Prevention of @entity2 mammary carcinoma utilizing XXXX as an equivalent to oophorectomy.

answer: @entity8


abstract: A clinical trial is currently under way to examine the effectiveness of @entity8 as a @entity0 chemopreventive agent and contraceptive. This trial, as well as similar proposed studies, is based on the assumption that @entity8 is as effective as surgical castration in preventing the onset of @entity1 ; however, this has not been well documented in the @entity5 animal model. We directly compared @entity8 and oophorectomy in this model and examined a combined therapy of @entity8 / @entity7 . Twenty-seven day old female @entity2 were randomly allocated into one of eight groups. All @entity2 received a 20-mg dose of @entity5 at the age of 55 days. Group 1 (n = 10), no treatment; Group 2 (n = 9), @entity8 (100 microg/kg/day) for eight weeks beginning four weeks prior to @entity5 ; Group 3 (n = 10), oophorectomy four weeks prior to @entity5 with replacement @entity6 beginning four weeks following @entity5 . @entity6 replacement was achieved with a 0.05-mg @entity3 tablet releasing 0.833 microg/day over a 60-day period. Group 4 (n = 10), @entity8 (100 microg/kg/day) initiated two weeks prior to @entity5 and continuing for two weeks following @entity5 ; Group 5 (n = 9), oophorectomy two weeks prior to @entity5 with 0.05 mg of @entity3 in depot form, releasing 0.833 microg/day, beginning four weeks following @entity5 and continuing until week 16 of the study; Group 6 (n = 10), @entity8 (100 microg/kg/day) beginning two weeks prior to @entity5 and continuing for the duration of the experiment; Group 7 (n = 10), @entity8 (100 microg/kg/day) for eight weeks beginning two weeks prior to @entity5 ; Group 8 (n = 9), @entity8 (100 microg/kg/day) and @entity7 (83 microg/day) for eight weeks beginning two weeks prior to @entity5 . At nineteen weeks (15 weeks post @entity5 ), animals were sacrificed and autopsies performed. One hundred percent of untreated animals developed @entity1 . No animals undergoing oophorectomy four weeks prior to @entity5 or receiving @entity8 four weeks prior to and simultaneously with @entity5 developed @entity1 . In animals pretreated two weeks prior to @entity5 with @entity8 or oophorectomy, each group had one animal with @entity1 development. No @entity1 developed in the animals receiving ongoing injections of @entity8 . However, one @entity1 developed in those receiving @entity8 for the first eight weeks beginning two weeks prior to @entity5 administration. One animal receiving both @entity8 and @entity7 developed one @entity1 . We conclude that chemical oophorectomy (with @entity8 ) is as effective as surgical oophorectomy in inhibiting @entity5 induced @entity4 .

title: Prevention of XXXX mammary carcinoma utilizing @entity8 as an equivalent to oophorectomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 remains the leading cause of @entity1 in adults in the United States. Non-invasive cardiac imaging is now central to the diagnosis and management of @entity0 with known or suspected @entity3 . The generally accepted indications for stress testing include confirming a diagnosis of @entity3 , assessing prognosis, preoperative risk stratification, and evaluation of medical therapy. Stress echocardiography and single photon computed tomography are well-established non-invasive techniques for all the previously mentioned indications. These modalities provide a relatively high sensitivity and specificity along with an incremental value over clinical risk factors. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) and multislice computed tomography are new imaging tools in the evaluation of @entity0 with @entity3 . CMRI offers a comprehensive cardiac evaluation which includes wall motion analysis, myocardial tissue morphology, rest and stress first pass myocardial perfusion as well as systolic ventricular function. It is also considered a first line technique for the diagnosis of certain structural @entity2 and chamber volume quantification. Cardiac computed tomography allows non-invasive anatomic imaging of the coronary tree. It has a high clinical utility especially in select intermediate risk @entity0 population. Available tests all have advantages and drawbacks and none can be considered suitable for all @entity0 . The choice of the imaging method should be tailored to each @entity0 based on the clinical judgment of the a priori risk of @entity2 , clinical history, and risk factors profile.

title: The role of stress echocardiography and competing technologies for the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The mechanisms by which stimulated neutrophils (PMNs) @entity1 were investigated using twenty-four perfused lung preparations isolated from @entity0 . We tested the ability of unstimulated and mechanically stimulated PMNs to adhere to pulmonary endothelial cells and, thereby, alter pulmonary vascular permeability (measured as the pulmonary filtration coefficient) and hemodynamics. To stimulate PMNs, they were gently agitated in a glass vial for 10 seconds. Perfusing lungs with the stimulated PMNs (stimulated group) elicited a 3-fold increase in the filtration coefficient as compared to lungs perfused with unstimulated cells (unstimulated group). This increase in filtration was completely blocked by preincubation of stimulated PMNs with @entity4 monoclonal antibody (MoAb group). This increase in filtration coefficient was also completely blocked by @entity3 , a protein kinase C inhibitor (GF group). Pulmonary vascular resistance increased when the stimulated PMNs were injected to the isolated lungs. Although, preincubation of stimulated PMNs with @entity4 MoAb successfully blocked and @entity3 partly blocked this increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. The accumulation of stimulated PMNs within the lungs, as assessed by @entity2 ( @entity2 ) levels, was blocked by preincubation of stimulated PMNs with @entity4 MoAb. However, @entity3 did not decrease @entity2 levels. These findings suggest that stimulated PMN-induced increases in pulmonary vascular filtration, resulted from endothelial cell injury caused by adhesion to the endothelial cells, evoke intracellular signaling within the endothelial cells.

title: Stimulated neutrophils evoke signal transduction to increase vascular permeability in XXXX lungs.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Conventional pterional approach is a commonly used neurosurgical technique for the treatment of @entity4 . However, this technique requires more extensive brain exposure than other key hole approaches and is sometimes associated with surgical traumatization or cosmetic problems. The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative outcome between pterional and supraorbital keyhole approaches in the @entity0 with anterior circulation @entity5 . METHODS: The authors reviewed @entity0 with anterior circulation @entity5 who underwent @entity5 clipping via pterional or supraorbital keyhole approach at a single institute over a period of 2 years. Ninety-eight @entity0 harboring 108 @entity5 were included in this study. Various outcomes were recorded, which included clinical grade, cosmetic problems, @entity0 ' satisfaction and complications such as chewing discomfort, frontal @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity2 . RESULTS: The supraorbital approach exhibited a shorter operation time compared with the pterional approach. Complications such as chewing discomfort occurred less frequently in the supraorbital approach group. Moreover, the cosmetic outcome was significantly better in the supraorbital group than in the pterional group. CONCLUSION: The supraorbital keyhole approach reduced intra- and @entity1 , including chewing discomfort and cosmetic disturbances, compared with the conventional pterional approach.

title: Microsurgical experience with supraorbital keyhole operations on anterior circulation XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Prior to experimental periodontal regenerative procedures in animals, the process of destruction due to @entity1 is often simulated by placing ligatures around the necks of teeth. 2 models, one using @entity2 floss ligatures and the other elastic rubber ligatures, have been widely used. The aim of this study was to compare these 2 methods using clinical and histometric criteria. Premolars on both sides of the mandibular jaw were used in 2 @entity0 . Periodontal tissue breakdown was induced during a 48-day period using @entity2 floss ligatures on one side of the mandible and contra-laterally by elastic rubber ligatures. At weekly intervals, the ligatures were changed and pocket depth and loss of probing attachment were recorded. All the ligatures were removed after 7 weeks. The animals were fed a soft, plaque-promoting diet during the experimental period. 20 days after ligature removal, the teeth were hemisected and the 2 roots extracted. From each tooth, 1 root was prepared for scanning electron microscopy and one for light microscopy. At the time of extraction, no differences regarding pocket depth or probing attachment level were found between the 2 groups. Root resorption was observed in all elastic ligature teeth, whereas only minor alterations at the root surface were observed on @entity2 ligature teeth. This finding may be of particular interest to investigators designing studies evaluating the healing sequalae of regenerative surgery in animals. As was observed in this study, root resorption can already be present in the pre-experimental phase of periodontal tissue breakdown, particularly if elastic ligatures are used.

title: Clinical and histological findings in ligature-induced experimental XXXX in @entity0 . A pilot study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Prior to experimental periodontal regenerative procedures in animals, the process of destruction due to @entity1 is often simulated by placing ligatures around the necks of teeth. 2 models, one using @entity2 floss ligatures and the other elastic rubber ligatures, have been widely used. The aim of this study was to compare these 2 methods using clinical and histometric criteria. Premolars on both sides of the mandibular jaw were used in 2 @entity0 . Periodontal tissue breakdown was induced during a 48-day period using @entity2 floss ligatures on one side of the mandible and contra-laterally by elastic rubber ligatures. At weekly intervals, the ligatures were changed and pocket depth and loss of probing attachment were recorded. All the ligatures were removed after 7 weeks. The animals were fed a soft, plaque-promoting diet during the experimental period. 20 days after ligature removal, the teeth were hemisected and the 2 roots extracted. From each tooth, 1 root was prepared for scanning electron microscopy and one for light microscopy. At the time of extraction, no differences regarding pocket depth or probing attachment level were found between the 2 groups. Root resorption was observed in all elastic ligature teeth, whereas only minor alterations at the root surface were observed on @entity2 ligature teeth. This finding may be of particular interest to investigators designing studies evaluating the healing sequalae of regenerative surgery in animals. As was observed in this study, root resorption can already be present in the pre-experimental phase of periodontal tissue breakdown, particularly if elastic ligatures are used.

title: Clinical and histological findings in ligature-induced experimental @entity1 in XXXX . A pilot study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECT: Treatment of chronic @entity1 in the region of the head and face presents a challenge for @entity2 specialists; @entity0 who do not respond to conventional treatment modalities usually continue to suffer from @entity2 due to the lack of reliable medical and surgical approaches. Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has been used to treat @entity1 for many decades, but only recently has it been applied systematically to the craniofacial region. To advance the study of this treatment option, the authors present their initial experience with this approach, summarize published data on the use of PNS in treatment of @entity4 , and discuss some technical details of the craniofacial PNS procedure. METHODS: A review of prospectively collected data in 30 @entity0 who underwent PNS surgery for @entity4 was performed. The @entity2 location, duration, cause, and previous treatments were analyzed, along with the surgical details, initial and long-term results, complications, and repeated operations. Stimulated nerves in this group included supraorbital (seven @entity0 ), infraorbital (six), and occipital (21); in 19 @entity0 more than one nerve was stimulated. Twenty-two @entity0 proceeded with implantation of a permanent system after the trial. Of these, at the time of the latest evaluation (mean follow-up duration 35 months), in two @entity0 the devices had been removed because of @entity2 improvement over time, in three the devices were removed due to loss of effectiveness (two cases) or late @entity3 (one), and the rest are enjoying either complete (15 @entity0 ) or partial (two @entity0 ) @entity2 relief. Three @entity0 underwent repeated operation due to lead erosion, @entity3 , or migration. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral nerve stimulation appears to be a safe and effective approach in the treatment of craniofacial @entity1 . The growing body of literature supports a wider acceptance of this approach in the field of @entity2 surgery.

title: Trigeminal and occipital peripheral nerve stimulation for XXXX : a single-institution experience and review of the literature.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is associated with an increased risk of @entity2 above that of the normal population. The relative risk correlates with the extent and duration of the disease but the genetic basis of @entity3 associated @entity1 risk is not known. AIMS: To assess the prevalence of @entity4 and mismatch repair gene abnormalities in @entity3 associated @entity2 . @entity0 : Forty six @entity0 with @entity2 , with a previous histological diagnosis of @entity3 . METHODS: The frequency of @entity4 and/or immunohistochemical expression of @entity5 and @entity6 was assessed. Thirty three cases were investigated using both approaches. RESULTS: Although 6/41 (14.6%) cases showed @entity4 at one or more markers, only one case (2. 4%) exhibited high level instability (at least two markers affected). Of 38 cases which were assessed using antibodies against @entity5 and @entity6 , only one case (2.6%) showed loss of expression. This case, which showed loss of @entity5 expression, was the same case which exhibited high level @entity4 . The 33 cases which were investigated using both approaches showed that loss of expression of either @entity5 or @entity6 was not seen in any case which exhibited @entity4 in no more than one marker. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that both high level @entity4 and loss of expression of @entity5 / @entity6 are infrequent events in @entity3 associated @entity2 . Low level @entity4 was not associated with loss of expression of either @entity5 or @entity6 .

title: Defective @entity5 / @entity6 protein expression is seen infrequently in XXXX associated @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is associated with an increased risk of @entity2 above that of the normal population. The relative risk correlates with the extent and duration of the disease but the genetic basis of @entity3 associated @entity1 risk is not known. AIMS: To assess the prevalence of @entity4 and mismatch repair gene abnormalities in @entity3 associated @entity2 . @entity0 : Forty six @entity0 with @entity2 , with a previous histological diagnosis of @entity3 . METHODS: The frequency of @entity4 and/or immunohistochemical expression of @entity5 and @entity6 was assessed. Thirty three cases were investigated using both approaches. RESULTS: Although 6/41 (14.6%) cases showed @entity4 at one or more markers, only one case (2. 4%) exhibited high level instability (at least two markers affected). Of 38 cases which were assessed using antibodies against @entity5 and @entity6 , only one case (2.6%) showed loss of expression. This case, which showed loss of @entity5 expression, was the same case which exhibited high level @entity4 . The 33 cases which were investigated using both approaches showed that loss of expression of either @entity5 or @entity6 was not seen in any case which exhibited @entity4 in no more than one marker. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that both high level @entity4 and loss of expression of @entity5 / @entity6 are infrequent events in @entity3 associated @entity2 . Low level @entity4 was not associated with loss of expression of either @entity5 or @entity6 .

title: Defective @entity5 / XXXX protein expression is seen infrequently in @entity3 associated @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is associated with an increased risk of @entity2 above that of the normal population. The relative risk correlates with the extent and duration of the disease but the genetic basis of @entity3 associated @entity1 risk is not known. AIMS: To assess the prevalence of @entity4 and mismatch repair gene abnormalities in @entity3 associated @entity2 . @entity0 : Forty six @entity0 with @entity2 , with a previous histological diagnosis of @entity3 . METHODS: The frequency of @entity4 and/or immunohistochemical expression of @entity5 and @entity6 was assessed. Thirty three cases were investigated using both approaches. RESULTS: Although 6/41 (14.6%) cases showed @entity4 at one or more markers, only one case (2. 4%) exhibited high level instability (at least two markers affected). Of 38 cases which were assessed using antibodies against @entity5 and @entity6 , only one case (2.6%) showed loss of expression. This case, which showed loss of @entity5 expression, was the same case which exhibited high level @entity4 . The 33 cases which were investigated using both approaches showed that loss of expression of either @entity5 or @entity6 was not seen in any case which exhibited @entity4 in no more than one marker. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that both high level @entity4 and loss of expression of @entity5 / @entity6 are infrequent events in @entity3 associated @entity2 . Low level @entity4 was not associated with loss of expression of either @entity5 or @entity6 .

title: Defective @entity5 / @entity6 protein expression is seen infrequently in @entity3 associated XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is associated with an increased risk of @entity2 above that of the normal population. The relative risk correlates with the extent and duration of the disease but the genetic basis of @entity3 associated @entity1 risk is not known. AIMS: To assess the prevalence of @entity4 and mismatch repair gene abnormalities in @entity3 associated @entity2 . @entity0 : Forty six @entity0 with @entity2 , with a previous histological diagnosis of @entity3 . METHODS: The frequency of @entity4 and/or immunohistochemical expression of @entity5 and @entity6 was assessed. Thirty three cases were investigated using both approaches. RESULTS: Although 6/41 (14.6%) cases showed @entity4 at one or more markers, only one case (2. 4%) exhibited high level instability (at least two markers affected). Of 38 cases which were assessed using antibodies against @entity5 and @entity6 , only one case (2.6%) showed loss of expression. This case, which showed loss of @entity5 expression, was the same case which exhibited high level @entity4 . The 33 cases which were investigated using both approaches showed that loss of expression of either @entity5 or @entity6 was not seen in any case which exhibited @entity4 in no more than one marker. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that both high level @entity4 and loss of expression of @entity5 / @entity6 are infrequent events in @entity3 associated @entity2 . Low level @entity4 was not associated with loss of expression of either @entity5 or @entity6 .

title: Defective XXXX / @entity6 protein expression is seen infrequently in @entity3 associated @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: 1. Examining the demographic responses of populations to disease epidemics and the nature of compensatory responses to perturbation from epidemics is critical to our understanding of the processes affecting population dynamics and our ability to conserve threatened species. Such knowledge is currently available for few systems. 2. We examined changes to the demography and life-history traits of a population of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) following the arrival of a debilitating @entity1 , @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and investigated the population's ability to compensate for the severe population perturbation caused by this epizootic. 3. There was a significant change to the age structure following the arrival of @entity0 to the Freycinet Peninsula. This shift to a younger population was caused by the loss of older individuals from the population as a direct consequence of @entity0 -driven declines in adult survival rates. 4. Offspring sex ratios of disease mothers were more female biased than those of healthy mothers, indicating that devils may facultatively adjust offspring sex ratios in response to disease-induced changes in maternal condition. 5. We detected evidence of reproductive compensation in response to disease impacts via a reduction in the age of sexual @entity2 of females (an increase in precocial breeding) over time. 6. The strength of this compensatory response appeared to be limited by factors that constrain the ability of individuals to reach a critical size for sexual @entity2 in their first year, because of the time limit dictated by the annual breeding season. 7. The ongoing devastating impacts of this disease for adult survival and the apparent reliance of precocial breeding on rapid early growth provide the opportunity for evolution to favour of this new life-history pattern, highlighting the potential for novel @entity1 to be strong selective forces on life-history evolution.

title: Demography, disease and the devil: life-history changes in a disease-affected population of XXXX ( @entity3 ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. Examining the demographic responses of populations to disease epidemics and the nature of compensatory responses to perturbation from epidemics is critical to our understanding of the processes affecting population dynamics and our ability to conserve threatened species. Such knowledge is currently available for few systems. 2. We examined changes to the demography and life-history traits of a population of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) following the arrival of a debilitating @entity1 , @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and investigated the population's ability to compensate for the severe population perturbation caused by this epizootic. 3. There was a significant change to the age structure following the arrival of @entity0 to the Freycinet Peninsula. This shift to a younger population was caused by the loss of older individuals from the population as a direct consequence of @entity0 -driven declines in adult survival rates. 4. Offspring sex ratios of disease mothers were more female biased than those of healthy mothers, indicating that devils may facultatively adjust offspring sex ratios in response to disease-induced changes in maternal condition. 5. We detected evidence of reproductive compensation in response to disease impacts via a reduction in the age of sexual @entity2 of females (an increase in precocial breeding) over time. 6. The strength of this compensatory response appeared to be limited by factors that constrain the ability of individuals to reach a critical size for sexual @entity2 in their first year, because of the time limit dictated by the annual breeding season. 7. The ongoing devastating impacts of this disease for adult survival and the apparent reliance of precocial breeding on rapid early growth provide the opportunity for evolution to favour of this new life-history pattern, highlighting the potential for novel @entity1 to be strong selective forces on life-history evolution.

title: Demography, disease and the devil: life-history changes in a disease-affected population of @entity3 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: A possible case of montelukast-induced @entity3 is reported. SUMMARY: A 46-year-old @entity0 with a history of severe @entity5 , including @entity12 , and @entity3 was evaluated at the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) for an acute episode of @entity3 . Upon arrival at the @entity4 , the @entity0 had severe @entity2 , @entity7 , uncontrollable cheek lifting, swollen eyes, and a swollen protruding tongue and was unable to catch her breath. Her @entity8 was apparent, and she was unable to talk and instead used hand and face gestures for affirmative and negative responses. The @entity0 was treated with 0.3 mg @entity9 intramuscularly into the right thigh. After treatment, she had a temperature of 37 degrees C, a pulse of 90 beats/ min, a blood pressure value of 100/59 mm Hg, a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min, and 100% @entity1 saturation on room air. After stabilization, she reported that her @entity5 had been adequately controlled with @entity14 10 mg daily, montelukast 10 mg daily, and @entity10 (unspecified). The @entity0 reported that since she started montelukast one month prior, she experienced three similar episodes, the first occurring five days after starting the drug. She mentioned being diagnosed and adequately treated these three times in the @entity4 for @entity3 . The @entity0 denied any changes in eating habits or in her medications except for starting @entity11 . She was observed at the @entity4 for an hour and then discharged after stabilization on @entity13 25 mg orally daily and @entity6 180 mg orally daily. Montelukast was discontinued. CONCLUSION: A @entity0 developed @entity3 four times during one month of treatment with montelukast.

title: Possible montelukast-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Several products of @entity2 plus @entity6 ( @entity4 + AQ) are being deployed in @entity1 -endemic countries for treating uncomplicated @entity5 @entity1 but dosing accuracy and consequential effects on efficacy and tolerability have not been examined. METHODS: @entity0 with parasitologically confirmed, uncomplicated @entity5 @entity1 were treated and followed by research teams or local health centre staff in Casamance, Senegal. @entity4 + AQ was given as: (i) loose combination ( @entity4 50 mg, AQ 200 mg), dosed on body weight, or (ii) co-blistered product ( @entity4 50 mg, AQ 153 mg) dosed by weight or age. Target doses were: (i) @entity4 4 (2-10) mg/kg/day and (ii) AQ 10 (7.5-15) mg/kg/day. @entity0 receiving therapeutic doses defined dosing accuracy. Treatment-emergent signs and symptoms (TESS) were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 3277 @entity0 were treated with loose (n = 1972, weight-dosed) or co-blistered (n = 1305, 962 age-dosed, 343 weight-dosed) @entity4 + AQ by the research team (n = 966) or clinic staff (n = 2311). @entity4 was dosed correctly in >99% with all regimens. Loose AQ by weight was 98% correct. The co-blister AQ overdosed 18% of @entity0 when dosed by age and underdosed 13% by weight. Low weight was an independent risk factor for @entity3 . The co-blister had significantly more TESS than the loose product [117/1305 (9%) vs. 41/1972 (2%), relative risk = 4.3 (95% CI: 3.0-6.1, P < 0.0001)]. Age-based dosing accounted for the difference. TESS occurred mostly within one day (72%) and were mild or moderate (75%). CONCLUSION: @entity2 is easier to dose than AQ. Currently available age-dosed, co-blistered @entity4 + AQ tends to @entity3 AQ and is less well tolerated than loose tablets. It is not the optimal presentation of @entity4 + AQ.

title: Dosing accuracy of @entity2 and @entity6 as treatment for XXXX @entity1 in Casamance, Senegal.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Several products of @entity2 plus @entity6 ( @entity4 + AQ) are being deployed in @entity1 -endemic countries for treating uncomplicated @entity5 @entity1 but dosing accuracy and consequential effects on efficacy and tolerability have not been examined. METHODS: @entity0 with parasitologically confirmed, uncomplicated @entity5 @entity1 were treated and followed by research teams or local health centre staff in Casamance, Senegal. @entity4 + AQ was given as: (i) loose combination ( @entity4 50 mg, AQ 200 mg), dosed on body weight, or (ii) co-blistered product ( @entity4 50 mg, AQ 153 mg) dosed by weight or age. Target doses were: (i) @entity4 4 (2-10) mg/kg/day and (ii) AQ 10 (7.5-15) mg/kg/day. @entity0 receiving therapeutic doses defined dosing accuracy. Treatment-emergent signs and symptoms (TESS) were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 3277 @entity0 were treated with loose (n = 1972, weight-dosed) or co-blistered (n = 1305, 962 age-dosed, 343 weight-dosed) @entity4 + AQ by the research team (n = 966) or clinic staff (n = 2311). @entity4 was dosed correctly in >99% with all regimens. Loose AQ by weight was 98% correct. The co-blister AQ overdosed 18% of @entity0 when dosed by age and underdosed 13% by weight. Low weight was an independent risk factor for @entity3 . The co-blister had significantly more TESS than the loose product [117/1305 (9%) vs. 41/1972 (2%), relative risk = 4.3 (95% CI: 3.0-6.1, P < 0.0001)]. Age-based dosing accounted for the difference. TESS occurred mostly within one day (72%) and were mild or moderate (75%). CONCLUSION: @entity2 is easier to dose than AQ. Currently available age-dosed, co-blistered @entity4 + AQ tends to @entity3 AQ and is less well tolerated than loose tablets. It is not the optimal presentation of @entity4 + AQ.

title: Dosing accuracy of XXXX and @entity6 as treatment for @entity5 @entity1 in Casamance, Senegal.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Several products of @entity2 plus @entity6 ( @entity4 + AQ) are being deployed in @entity1 -endemic countries for treating uncomplicated @entity5 @entity1 but dosing accuracy and consequential effects on efficacy and tolerability have not been examined. METHODS: @entity0 with parasitologically confirmed, uncomplicated @entity5 @entity1 were treated and followed by research teams or local health centre staff in Casamance, Senegal. @entity4 + AQ was given as: (i) loose combination ( @entity4 50 mg, AQ 200 mg), dosed on body weight, or (ii) co-blistered product ( @entity4 50 mg, AQ 153 mg) dosed by weight or age. Target doses were: (i) @entity4 4 (2-10) mg/kg/day and (ii) AQ 10 (7.5-15) mg/kg/day. @entity0 receiving therapeutic doses defined dosing accuracy. Treatment-emergent signs and symptoms (TESS) were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 3277 @entity0 were treated with loose (n = 1972, weight-dosed) or co-blistered (n = 1305, 962 age-dosed, 343 weight-dosed) @entity4 + AQ by the research team (n = 966) or clinic staff (n = 2311). @entity4 was dosed correctly in >99% with all regimens. Loose AQ by weight was 98% correct. The co-blister AQ overdosed 18% of @entity0 when dosed by age and underdosed 13% by weight. Low weight was an independent risk factor for @entity3 . The co-blister had significantly more TESS than the loose product [117/1305 (9%) vs. 41/1972 (2%), relative risk = 4.3 (95% CI: 3.0-6.1, P < 0.0001)]. Age-based dosing accounted for the difference. TESS occurred mostly within one day (72%) and were mild or moderate (75%). CONCLUSION: @entity2 is easier to dose than AQ. Currently available age-dosed, co-blistered @entity4 + AQ tends to @entity3 AQ and is less well tolerated than loose tablets. It is not the optimal presentation of @entity4 + AQ.

title: Dosing accuracy of @entity2 and XXXX as treatment for @entity5 @entity1 in Casamance, Senegal.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Several products of @entity2 plus @entity6 ( @entity4 + AQ) are being deployed in @entity1 -endemic countries for treating uncomplicated @entity5 @entity1 but dosing accuracy and consequential effects on efficacy and tolerability have not been examined. METHODS: @entity0 with parasitologically confirmed, uncomplicated @entity5 @entity1 were treated and followed by research teams or local health centre staff in Casamance, Senegal. @entity4 + AQ was given as: (i) loose combination ( @entity4 50 mg, AQ 200 mg), dosed on body weight, or (ii) co-blistered product ( @entity4 50 mg, AQ 153 mg) dosed by weight or age. Target doses were: (i) @entity4 4 (2-10) mg/kg/day and (ii) AQ 10 (7.5-15) mg/kg/day. @entity0 receiving therapeutic doses defined dosing accuracy. Treatment-emergent signs and symptoms (TESS) were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 3277 @entity0 were treated with loose (n = 1972, weight-dosed) or co-blistered (n = 1305, 962 age-dosed, 343 weight-dosed) @entity4 + AQ by the research team (n = 966) or clinic staff (n = 2311). @entity4 was dosed correctly in >99% with all regimens. Loose AQ by weight was 98% correct. The co-blister AQ overdosed 18% of @entity0 when dosed by age and underdosed 13% by weight. Low weight was an independent risk factor for @entity3 . The co-blister had significantly more TESS than the loose product [117/1305 (9%) vs. 41/1972 (2%), relative risk = 4.3 (95% CI: 3.0-6.1, P < 0.0001)]. Age-based dosing accounted for the difference. TESS occurred mostly within one day (72%) and were mild or moderate (75%). CONCLUSION: @entity2 is easier to dose than AQ. Currently available age-dosed, co-blistered @entity4 + AQ tends to @entity3 AQ and is less well tolerated than loose tablets. It is not the optimal presentation of @entity4 + AQ.

title: Dosing accuracy of @entity2 and @entity6 as treatment for @entity5 XXXX in Casamance, Senegal.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Lack of information about the natural history of the @entity3 may make efforts regarding classification and treatment misguided. Thus, we report a naturalistic and noninstrusive approach to the problem of identification of the @entity3 , with particular focus on the issue of compliance with 2 months of daily prospective recordkeeping. Seventy-nine @entity0 presenting for treatment of severe @entity2 were evaluated with a structured interview, psychological tests, and 2 months of daily prospective ratings of their symptoms. Weekly group follow-up meetings were held to foster compliance with recordkeeping. The typical @entity0 seeking treatment for @entity2 in this study was middle-aged, highly educated, highly functioning, living in an urban setting, either married with @entity0 and family responsibilities or single and living alone, and supporting herself by a high-level job. She was anxious and @entity1 with multiple medical and gynecological problems. Despite a highly stressful life, she functioned at a very high level, but had consulted mental health professionals in the past. In general, she did not want medication. Consistent with other reports, only 20% of @entity0 seeking treatment for @entity2 had a @entity3 prospectively confirmed on the basis of 2 months of daily ratings. However, 81% of those with a prospectively confirmed @entity3 stated that after the 2-month evaluation period their symptoms no longer interfered with their functioning.

title: Issues in the identification of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Periconceptional undernutrition (UN) in @entity2 accelerates fetal @entity4 activation, resulting in @entity0 . In contrast, twin conception suppresses fetal HPA function and delays prepartum HPA activation. We hypothesized that these dissimilar effects on fetal HPA activity result from different influences of maternal glucocorticoid (GC) on maturation of the fetal @entity4 , mediated via different activities of placental @entity5 dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) isozymes. We examined the effects of twinning and maternal periconceptional UN from 60 days before until 30 days after mating on the ontogeny of placental @entity6 enzyme activities. At day 85 of gestation, placental 11betaHSD-2 activity was lower in UN than in normally nourished (N) fetuses (P < .05) and was higher in twins than in singletons (P < .05). Furthermore, placental 11betaHSD-1 activity was not different between nutritional groups but was higher in twins than in singletons (P = .01). At day 85, fetal plasma @entity1 (P < .001) and @entity3 (P < .001) concentrations were lower in UN than in N fetuses, but the @entity1 to @entity3 ratio was higher in UN than in N fetuses (P = .01). There was no effect of fetus number on plasma @entity1 or @entity3 concentrations or on the ratio of @entity1 to @entity3 at day 85. Therefore, periconceptional UN and twinning may result in the alterations of placental 11betaHSD isozyme activities at particular times during gestation. Changes in these activities during critical periods of fetal development could affect transplacental transfer or placental generation of GCs that reach the fetus, potentially influencing the timing of activation of the fetal @entity4 , fetal maturation, and hence the development and health later in life.

title: Do alterations in placental @entity5 dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) activities explain differences in fetal XXXX following periconceptional undernutrition or twinning in @entity2 ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: Periconceptional undernutrition (UN) in @entity2 accelerates fetal @entity4 activation, resulting in @entity0 . In contrast, twin conception suppresses fetal HPA function and delays prepartum HPA activation. We hypothesized that these dissimilar effects on fetal HPA activity result from different influences of maternal glucocorticoid (GC) on maturation of the fetal @entity4 , mediated via different activities of placental @entity5 dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) isozymes. We examined the effects of twinning and maternal periconceptional UN from 60 days before until 30 days after mating on the ontogeny of placental @entity6 enzyme activities. At day 85 of gestation, placental 11betaHSD-2 activity was lower in UN than in normally nourished (N) fetuses (P < .05) and was higher in twins than in singletons (P < .05). Furthermore, placental 11betaHSD-1 activity was not different between nutritional groups but was higher in twins than in singletons (P = .01). At day 85, fetal plasma @entity1 (P < .001) and @entity3 (P < .001) concentrations were lower in UN than in N fetuses, but the @entity1 to @entity3 ratio was higher in UN than in N fetuses (P = .01). There was no effect of fetus number on plasma @entity1 or @entity3 concentrations or on the ratio of @entity1 to @entity3 at day 85. Therefore, periconceptional UN and twinning may result in the alterations of placental 11betaHSD isozyme activities at particular times during gestation. Changes in these activities during critical periods of fetal development could affect transplacental transfer or placental generation of GCs that reach the fetus, potentially influencing the timing of activation of the fetal @entity4 , fetal maturation, and hence the development and health later in life.

title: Do alterations in placental @entity5 dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) activities explain differences in fetal @entity4 following periconceptional undernutrition or twinning in XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Periconceptional undernutrition (UN) in @entity2 accelerates fetal @entity4 activation, resulting in @entity0 . In contrast, twin conception suppresses fetal HPA function and delays prepartum HPA activation. We hypothesized that these dissimilar effects on fetal HPA activity result from different influences of maternal glucocorticoid (GC) on maturation of the fetal @entity4 , mediated via different activities of placental @entity5 dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) isozymes. We examined the effects of twinning and maternal periconceptional UN from 60 days before until 30 days after mating on the ontogeny of placental @entity6 enzyme activities. At day 85 of gestation, placental 11betaHSD-2 activity was lower in UN than in normally nourished (N) fetuses (P < .05) and was higher in twins than in singletons (P < .05). Furthermore, placental 11betaHSD-1 activity was not different between nutritional groups but was higher in twins than in singletons (P = .01). At day 85, fetal plasma @entity1 (P < .001) and @entity3 (P < .001) concentrations were lower in UN than in N fetuses, but the @entity1 to @entity3 ratio was higher in UN than in N fetuses (P = .01). There was no effect of fetus number on plasma @entity1 or @entity3 concentrations or on the ratio of @entity1 to @entity3 at day 85. Therefore, periconceptional UN and twinning may result in the alterations of placental 11betaHSD isozyme activities at particular times during gestation. Changes in these activities during critical periods of fetal development could affect transplacental transfer or placental generation of GCs that reach the fetus, potentially influencing the timing of activation of the fetal @entity4 , fetal maturation, and hence the development and health later in life.

title: Do alterations in placental XXXX dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) activities explain differences in fetal @entity4 following periconceptional undernutrition or twinning in @entity2 ?

answer: @entity5


abstract: Among 112 @entity0 with sustained @entity6 , 15 were found to have exercise-induced symptomatic @entity6 . This population was divided into two subgroups: group 1A included five @entity0 with @entity3 and group 1B consisted of 10 @entity0 with no structural @entity2 . All @entity0 underwent clinical examination, exercise electrocardiography, left ventriculography, coronary angiography (n = 14) and electrophysiologic study. In group 1B, right ventriculography (n = 7), M mode and two-dimensional echocardiography were also obtained. Group 1A @entity0 were compared with a population of 27 @entity0 with @entity3 and chronic sustained @entity6 not related to exercise (group 2). There were no statistically significant differences between group 1A and group 2 in terms of age, sex, incidence of prior @entity4 , NYHA functional class, angina pectoris, symptoms during @entity5 , severity and extent of coronary arterial lesions, @entity1 and wall motion abnormalities. In group 1B, coronary angiography and right and left ventricular function were normal. During electrophysiologic study, @entity6 was initiated in four group 1A @entity0 . In group 1B, @entity6 was initiated in eight @entity0 . In four of these @entity0 ventricular pacing had to be combined with @entity7 administration. In group 2, @entity6 was induced in 26/27 @entity0 . From this study we conclude that in @entity0 with @entity3 the electrophysiologic substrate of exercise-related sustained @entity6 does not differ from the substrate of non-exercise-related @entity6 . Re-entry is the most likely electrophysiologic mechanism. In @entity0 without structural @entity2 , the mechanism of the @entity5 remains speculative.

title: Exercise-induced sustained symptomatic XXXX : incidence, clinical, angiographic and electrophysiologic characteristics.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: This study evaluated 34 individuals with @entity7 (age range, 2-40 years). A comprehensive dental history and a head and neck evaluation were performed on all @entity0 . Dental age was assessed in @entity0 younger than 17 years by 2 methods: (1) clinical assessment of @entity2 and (2) a radiographic method. Relationships between the chronologic age, dental developmental age, and age at @entity2 were determined. Other @entity5 were recorded. RESULTS: Of @entity0 older than 7 years, 75% reported problems with permanent @entity2 , as evidenced by retained primary teeth or the need for elective extractions of primary teeth to allow @entity2 . None of the @entity0 experienced problems with eruption of primary teeth. Eruption of the first and second permanent molars also occurred on time. Dental @entity4 scores were established for 14 @entity0 17 years of age or younger. In each case, the difference between chronologic age and the estimated dental developmental age was less than 12 months; however, we found a significant discrepancy between the chronologic age and the mean age of @entity2 in 80% of these @entity0 when using a particular set of standardized values. Persistence of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath was observed on histologic examination. Chronic multifocal @entity6 was a consistent feature in @entity0 with @entity7 recurrent @entity3 . Other @entity1 were also noted. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that a disorder of @entity2 is part of the @entity7 . This problem occurs because of delayed primary tooth exfoliation rather than a developmental delay in the formation of the permanent dentition. The persistence of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath is unusual and may be associated with the lack of resorption of the primary teeth. Dentists should be aware of this feature of @entity7 because timely intervention will allow normal eruption to occur.

title: Delayed XXXX in @entity7 recurrent @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: This study evaluated 34 individuals with @entity7 (age range, 2-40 years). A comprehensive dental history and a head and neck evaluation were performed on all @entity0 . Dental age was assessed in @entity0 younger than 17 years by 2 methods: (1) clinical assessment of @entity2 and (2) a radiographic method. Relationships between the chronologic age, dental developmental age, and age at @entity2 were determined. Other @entity5 were recorded. RESULTS: Of @entity0 older than 7 years, 75% reported problems with permanent @entity2 , as evidenced by retained primary teeth or the need for elective extractions of primary teeth to allow @entity2 . None of the @entity0 experienced problems with eruption of primary teeth. Eruption of the first and second permanent molars also occurred on time. Dental @entity4 scores were established for 14 @entity0 17 years of age or younger. In each case, the difference between chronologic age and the estimated dental developmental age was less than 12 months; however, we found a significant discrepancy between the chronologic age and the mean age of @entity2 in 80% of these @entity0 when using a particular set of standardized values. Persistence of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath was observed on histologic examination. Chronic multifocal @entity6 was a consistent feature in @entity0 with @entity7 recurrent @entity3 . Other @entity1 were also noted. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that a disorder of @entity2 is part of the @entity7 . This problem occurs because of delayed primary tooth exfoliation rather than a developmental delay in the formation of the permanent dentition. The persistence of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath is unusual and may be associated with the lack of resorption of the primary teeth. Dentists should be aware of this feature of @entity7 because timely intervention will allow normal eruption to occur.

title: Delayed @entity2 in @entity7 recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: This study evaluated 34 individuals with @entity7 (age range, 2-40 years). A comprehensive dental history and a head and neck evaluation were performed on all @entity0 . Dental age was assessed in @entity0 younger than 17 years by 2 methods: (1) clinical assessment of @entity2 and (2) a radiographic method. Relationships between the chronologic age, dental developmental age, and age at @entity2 were determined. Other @entity5 were recorded. RESULTS: Of @entity0 older than 7 years, 75% reported problems with permanent @entity2 , as evidenced by retained primary teeth or the need for elective extractions of primary teeth to allow @entity2 . None of the @entity0 experienced problems with eruption of primary teeth. Eruption of the first and second permanent molars also occurred on time. Dental @entity4 scores were established for 14 @entity0 17 years of age or younger. In each case, the difference between chronologic age and the estimated dental developmental age was less than 12 months; however, we found a significant discrepancy between the chronologic age and the mean age of @entity2 in 80% of these @entity0 when using a particular set of standardized values. Persistence of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath was observed on histologic examination. Chronic multifocal @entity6 was a consistent feature in @entity0 with @entity7 recurrent @entity3 . Other @entity1 were also noted. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that a disorder of @entity2 is part of the @entity7 . This problem occurs because of delayed primary tooth exfoliation rather than a developmental delay in the formation of the permanent dentition. The persistence of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath is unusual and may be associated with the lack of resorption of the primary teeth. Dentists should be aware of this feature of @entity7 because timely intervention will allow normal eruption to occur.

title: Delayed @entity2 in XXXX recurrent @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: To determine whether age-related differences in body @entity1 in @entity3 could be related to caloric intake, the body weight and food consumption of Fischer 344 male @entity0 were monitored every other day for four weeks. Six-month-old (young) @entity0 were compared to 16-month-old @entity0 (intermediate age) and 25-month-old (aged) @entity0 . @entity2 was induced with 0.025% @entity5 in the drinking water for four weeks. @entity3 was induced with @entity4 (T3) injections (15 micrograms/100 g body weight i.p.) for the last 10 days of observation. A group of young @entity0 pair fed with aged @entity0 was included as a control group. The body weight changes of aged @entity0 were similar to @entity2 young @entity0 . An index of T3 catabolic effect was calculated based on the net @entity1 and food intake. This index was not different in aged @entity0 compared to young @entity0 . The apparent hypersensitivity of aged @entity0 to T3 as evidenced by excessive @entity1 could totally be attributed to decreased caloric intake. It is concluded that aged @entity0 compared to the young are not more sensitive to the overall catabolic effects of thyroid hormones.

title: Age-related differences in body XXXX in response to altered thyroidal status.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Several preclinical studies showed that short-term pretreatment of @entity0 cells with @entity4 can increase the antitumor efficacy of different cytotoxic drugs. Some early clinical studies in @entity1 with @entity0 did seem to support these findings. Therefore, the efficacy of estrogenic recruitment followed by chemotherapy was compared with that of chemotherapy alone in a randomized phase III study in @entity1 with lymph node-positive primary @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Three hundred twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity0 who were younger than 66 years of age were randomly allocated to chemotherapy with @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity6 (FAC) or FAC plus pretreatment with @entity8 (EE(2)). FAC (500, 50, and 500 mg/m(2), respectively) was administered intravenously once every 4 weeks for four cycles. EE(2) (0.5 mg) was administered orally, both 24 hours and immediately preceding FAC chemotherapy. RESULTS: @entity1 and @entity2 characteristics and chemotherapy dosages were comparable in both treatment groups. Of 318 assessable @entity1 , with a median follow-up of 6.8 years, 177 @entity1 had a relapse and 127 died. No significant differences were observed between the two treatment groups with respect to relapse-free, local recurrence-free, and overall survival according to univariate and multivariate analyses adjusted for age, menopausal status, @entity2 size, grade, number of positive nodes, and @entity3 -receptor status. The power for the detection of an increase of 50% in the median relapse-free survival was 80%. CONCLUSION: Estrogenic recruitment of @entity0 cells before FAC chemotherapy did not influence the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity0 @entity1 after a follow-up of 6.8 years.

title: Value of estrogenic recruitment before chemotherapy: first randomized trial in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity0