abstract: @entity5 is a third-generation aromatase inhibitor for use in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 . This drug was found to reduce or effectively shrink @entity2 in a significant number of such @entity1 . It exhibits antitumor activity at a relatively low daily dose, and is highly potent and selective and well tolerated. Results from recent phase III clinical studies have confirmed the efficacy and the key role of this drug in the therapy of @entity0 in postmenopausal @entity1 . Moreover, @entity5 demonstrated higher activity and lower @entity3 compared to @entity4 in the first-line therapy of postmenopausal @entity1 affected with @entity0 . However, it also represents a valid option in second-line therapy after @entity4 failure. New data on this agent in adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment also suggest efficacy in the treatment of early @entity0 . This article reviews the clinical data on @entity5 in all settings and its future potential in chemoprevention. (c) 2001 Prous Science. All rights reserved.

title: The role of @entity5 (Femara(R)) in XXXX therapy: A clinical review.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Anticoagulation with heparin and @entity2 is used in the treatment of several diseases including @entity0 . While the most effective therapeutic range of anticoagulation is unclear, some investigators have found an increased risk of @entity1 complications with more intense anticoagulation. Recent studies have suggested that lower levels of anticoagulation may be as efficacious as high levels but with a reduced incidence of @entity1 complications. In order to better assess the anticoagulation parameters used by neurologists and house officers, we performed a questionnaire survey at six major medical centers. Responses were obtained from 30 attending neurologists and 52 house officers. Attending physicians and house officers selected mean partial thromboplastin times of 57.7 s and 63.3 s, respectively. The mean prothrombin time (PT) was 21.0 s for attending neurologists and 19.4 s for house officers. The average PT ratio was 1.82 for attending neurologists and 1.69 for house officers. Forty percent of attending neurologists and 17.7% of house officers specified PT ratios of 2.0 or greater. These results indicate that many physicians may be using @entity2 in dosages above recommended guidelines.

title: A multicenter study of anticoagulation parameters when using heparin and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Historically, @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 and macroalbuminuria had high competing risks: @entity2 or @entity3 . Here, we assessed these risks in @entity0 receiving therapies implemented during the last 30 years. Between 1991 and 2004, we enrolled 423 white @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 who developed macroalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate, >= 300  g/min). With follow-up for 98% through 2008, @entity4 developed in 172 @entity0 (incidence rate, 5.8/100 @entity0 -years), and 29 died without @entity4 (mortality rate, 1/100 @entity0 -years). The majority of these outcomes occurred between ages 36 and 52 years with durations of @entity1 of 21 to 37 years. The 15-year cumulative risks were 52% for @entity4 and 11% for pre- @entity4 death. During the 15 years of follow-up, the use of renoprotective treatment increased from 56 to 82%, and BP and lipid levels improved significantly; however, the risks for both @entity4 and pre- @entity4 death did not change over the years analyzed. There were 70 post- @entity4 deaths, and the mortality rate was very similar during the 1990s and the 2000s (11/100 @entity0 -years versus 12/100 @entity0 -years, respectively). Mortality was low in @entity0 who received a pre-emptive kidney transplant (1/100 @entity0 -years), although these @entity0 did not differ from dialyzed @entity0 with regard to predialysis @entity5 , sex, age at onset of @entity4 , or duration of @entity1 . In conclusion, despite the widespread adoption of renoprotective treatment, @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 and macroalbuminuria remain at high risk for @entity4 , suggesting that more effective therapies are desperately needed.

title: Risk for @entity4 in type 1 XXXX remains high despite renoprotection.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Historically, @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 and macroalbuminuria had high competing risks: @entity2 or @entity3 . Here, we assessed these risks in @entity0 receiving therapies implemented during the last 30 years. Between 1991 and 2004, we enrolled 423 white @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 who developed macroalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate, >= 300  g/min). With follow-up for 98% through 2008, @entity4 developed in 172 @entity0 (incidence rate, 5.8/100 @entity0 -years), and 29 died without @entity4 (mortality rate, 1/100 @entity0 -years). The majority of these outcomes occurred between ages 36 and 52 years with durations of @entity1 of 21 to 37 years. The 15-year cumulative risks were 52% for @entity4 and 11% for pre- @entity4 death. During the 15 years of follow-up, the use of renoprotective treatment increased from 56 to 82%, and BP and lipid levels improved significantly; however, the risks for both @entity4 and pre- @entity4 death did not change over the years analyzed. There were 70 post- @entity4 deaths, and the mortality rate was very similar during the 1990s and the 2000s (11/100 @entity0 -years versus 12/100 @entity0 -years, respectively). Mortality was low in @entity0 who received a pre-emptive kidney transplant (1/100 @entity0 -years), although these @entity0 did not differ from dialyzed @entity0 with regard to predialysis @entity5 , sex, age at onset of @entity4 , or duration of @entity1 . In conclusion, despite the widespread adoption of renoprotective treatment, @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 and macroalbuminuria remain at high risk for @entity4 , suggesting that more effective therapies are desperately needed.

title: Risk for XXXX in type 1 @entity1 remains high despite renoprotection.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity6 is a @entity4 with dismal prognosis. However, lately improved survival has been reported after extended operation including liver resection and lymphadenectomy in addition to cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate such a surgical strategy with and without adjuvant intra- and postoperative radiotherapy (IORT/EBRT). METHODOLOGY: 20 @entity0 underwent extended operation and the last 10 of them IORT/EBRT in addition. @entity1 staging was done using the TNM system, determination of histological @entity1 differentiation and immunohistochemical assessment of @entity5 , Ki67, metallothionein, deleted in @entity2 and carcinoembryogenic antigen in @entity1 tissue. RESULTS: There was no hospital mortality. @entity3 occurred in 3 @entity0 (15%). Actuarial 5-year survival was 47% in the radiotherapy group and 13% after operation only (NS). The corresponding figures for median survival are 28.8 and 20.2 months, respectively. Five @entity0 are still alive in the radiotherapy group. There was no difference in @entity1 stages of the two groups irrespective of the way of evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that extended operation for @entity6 +/- IORT/EBRT can be done safely. The tendency to longer survival after adjuvant radiotherapy was not statistically significant.

title: Extended operation with or without intraoperative (IORT) and external (EBRT) radiotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the immunoinflammatory markers that shape the evolution of @entity3 and to assess their utility in specifying the development of @entity4 from @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: We conducted a prospective study on a sample of 100 @entity0 with @entity3 , hospitalized during 2001-2005 and immunologically monitored. We realized 2000 dosages of immunoinflammatory markers for 15 days by 1200 simple radial immunodiffusion tests (IDRS), the Mancini-Carbonara method for @entity5 , complement component C3, immunoglobulins and 836 ELISA tests to evaluate cytokines. Results were reported to a witness group. RESULTS: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) values were significantly elevated in @entity0 with @entity3 (12-310 ng%) vs. witness group (1.5-8 ng%). Postoperative, elevated values were maintained at the @entity0 who will develop serious complications and were correlated with multiple organic dysfunction in deceased @entity0 . Determination of circulating immune complexes have shown elevated values in @entity0 with @entity3 . Dosage of pro/antiinflammatory cytokines may be specific to the severity of @entity1 . The level of @entity6 was increased in @entity0 with @entity2 and severe inflammatory reactions and become an important prognostic tool. CONCLUSIONS: The study of biological markers in microbial aggression highlights the role of cytokines as messengers and important mediators of immunoinflammatory response. PCT test can be introduced in the daily tracking protocol for septic @entity0 .

title: [The evaluation of immunoinflammatory response in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: A delay in polymorphonuclear neutrophil apoptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory reactions in certain conditions. @entity6 has been proven effective in the treatment of severe acute @entity3 with @entity4 . In this study, we attempted to answer the questions of whether neutrophil apoptosis is associated with the conditions of various major organs in @entity0 with severe acute @entity3 and receiving gabexate. METHODOLOGY: A total of 45 @entity0 were included in this study. We divide the @entity0 into two groups. Group A included @entity0 with > or = 2 complications after one-week treatment (n = 31), and Group B included @entity0 with < 2 complications after one-week treatment (n = 14). Serum @entity1 and @entity2 was detected at day 1, 3, and 7 of treatment using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The neutrophil @entity5 expression and apoptosis activity were evaluated flowcytometrically at day 1, 3, and 7 of treatment. RESULTS: At day 7 of treatment, @entity1 levels were significantly higher in Group B while @entity2 levels were not different. The neutrophil @entity5 expression was significantly higher and delayed ex vivo apoptosis was significantly lower in the group B than that of group A at day 7 of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 of severe acute @entity3 with @entity4 and receiving @entity6 treatment, neutrophil apoptosis is associated with the severity of @entity4 .

title: Results of treating severe acute XXXX with gabexate is associated with neutrophil apoptosis activity.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Between 1968 and 1985, we treated 20 @entity0 for @entity2 (also called @entity3 and aggressive @entity2 ). The primary sites included head and neck (seven @entity0 ), extremity (seven @entity0 ), and trunk (six @entity0 ). Lesions ranged from 3 to 18 cm in diameter. The @entity1 were smaller than 5 cm in 13 @entity0 , and in seven @entity0 they were larger than 5 cm. A total resection was not feasible in any of the @entity0 with lesions larger than 5 cm. Ten of the 11 @entity0 treated with wide local resection, in whom the margins were clearly negative or close, remained free of disease for six to 16 years. Nine @entity0 required additional treatment with radiotherapy (nine @entity0 ) and chemotherapy (five @entity0 ). Two died of local disease progression. In the remaining seven @entity0 , the disease was controlled. We describe our strategies for managing this disease in a pediatric population.

title: Challenges in the treatment of childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Recent evidence indicates that @entity4 is common in @entity0 with @entity2 . We hypothesized that the presence of @entity4 among @entity2 @entity0 would be associated with a greater degree of functional disability and longer hospitalization following @entity2 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING AND @entity0 : Sixty-one @entity2 @entity0 admitted to a @entity2 rehabilitation unit. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sleep studies were performed on all @entity0 , and @entity4 was defined as an @entity1 or more per hour of sleep. @entity0 underwent functional assessments, including the Functional Independence Measure. Sleep @entity3 was found in 72% of @entity0 ; 60% had @entity1 , while 12% had @entity5 . Although the severity of @entity2 was similar in the 2 groups, compared to @entity0 without @entity4 , those with @entity4 had lower functional capacity [Functional Independence Measure score (mean +/- SEM) 80.2 +/- 3.6 versus 94.7 +/- 4.3, p < 0.05 at admission, and 101.5 +/- 2.8 versus 112.9 +/- 2.7, p < 0.05 at discharge] and spent significantly more days in rehabilitation (45.5 +/- 2.3 versus 32.1 +/- 2.7 days, p < 0.005). In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that @entity1 was significantly and independently related to functional impairment and length of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep @entity3 is very common among @entity2 @entity0 undergoing rehabilitation, and its presence is associated with worse functional impairment and a longer period of hospitalization and rehabilitation. These data suggest that @entity4 may be contributing to functional impairment and prolonged hospitalization following @entity2 .

title: Relationship of @entity4 to functional capacity and length of hospitalization following XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Recent evidence indicates that @entity4 is common in @entity0 with @entity2 . We hypothesized that the presence of @entity4 among @entity2 @entity0 would be associated with a greater degree of functional disability and longer hospitalization following @entity2 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING AND @entity0 : Sixty-one @entity2 @entity0 admitted to a @entity2 rehabilitation unit. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sleep studies were performed on all @entity0 , and @entity4 was defined as an @entity1 or more per hour of sleep. @entity0 underwent functional assessments, including the Functional Independence Measure. Sleep @entity3 was found in 72% of @entity0 ; 60% had @entity1 , while 12% had @entity5 . Although the severity of @entity2 was similar in the 2 groups, compared to @entity0 without @entity4 , those with @entity4 had lower functional capacity [Functional Independence Measure score (mean +/- SEM) 80.2 +/- 3.6 versus 94.7 +/- 4.3, p < 0.05 at admission, and 101.5 +/- 2.8 versus 112.9 +/- 2.7, p < 0.05 at discharge] and spent significantly more days in rehabilitation (45.5 +/- 2.3 versus 32.1 +/- 2.7 days, p < 0.005). In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that @entity1 was significantly and independently related to functional impairment and length of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep @entity3 is very common among @entity2 @entity0 undergoing rehabilitation, and its presence is associated with worse functional impairment and a longer period of hospitalization and rehabilitation. These data suggest that @entity4 may be contributing to functional impairment and prolonged hospitalization following @entity2 .

title: Relationship of XXXX to functional capacity and length of hospitalization following @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 , including surgical site @entity3 (SSIs), usually involve gram-positive pathogens and continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and @entity1 among hospital @entity0 . The increasing prevalence of @entity6 -resistant @entity4 and other resistant strains accentuates the need for effective and safe therapies for such @entity3 . This exploratory study evaluated the efficacy and safety of @entity7 in @entity0 with gram-positive SSI according to wound classification. METHODS: Eligible @entity0 had an SSI with onset < 30 days after surgery, positive gram stain or culture at least three days before @entity7 therapy began, and three or more clinical signs and symptoms of @entity3 . The incisional SSI was classified as superficial or deep according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. @entity0 with organ-space @entity3 were excluded, as were those with major concomitant @entity3 , foreign material in the incision that could not be removed, previous systemic antimicrobial therapy, or @entity5 clearance < 30 mL/min. @entity7 4   mg/kg was administered intravenously once daily for 7-14 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was clinical response at the end of @entity7 therapy, and the safety assessment was based on adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: Sixty-nine @entity0 were enrolled, 60 of whom were evaluable for efficacy. Extremity wounds predominated among superficial incisional SSIs (n = 30), whereas abdominal wounds predominated among deep SSIs (n = 30). @entity0 with deep incisional SSI were more likely to be young, male, white, and febrile and to weigh more than @entity0 with superficial SSIs. The overall clinical success rate was 92% (95% confidence interval [CI] 82-97%); the success rate was 100% in superficial incisional SSI and 83% in deep SSI (17% difference; 95% CI 0-33%). @entity4 (28/36 @entity6 -resistant) was the pathogen isolated most frequently. In 10 @entity0 who were febrile at baseline, the median time to defervescence was five days, and the mean duration of treatment in the series was 11.2 days. @entity7 was well tolerated. In most @entity0 , AEs were mild or moderate in intensity; in two @entity0 (one superficial, one deep), @entity7 was discontinued because of AEs. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this exploratory study of SSI are consistent with those of previous studies of @entity7 in the treatment of diverse complicated skin and skin-structure @entity3 , and suggest that wound classification should be treated as an important covariate in future studies of @entity7 and other antibiotics.

title: Prospective, non-comparative study of XXXX for the treatment of superficial and deep incisional surgical site @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 , including surgical site @entity3 (SSIs), usually involve gram-positive pathogens and continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and @entity1 among hospital @entity0 . The increasing prevalence of @entity6 -resistant @entity4 and other resistant strains accentuates the need for effective and safe therapies for such @entity3 . This exploratory study evaluated the efficacy and safety of @entity7 in @entity0 with gram-positive SSI according to wound classification. METHODS: Eligible @entity0 had an SSI with onset < 30 days after surgery, positive gram stain or culture at least three days before @entity7 therapy began, and three or more clinical signs and symptoms of @entity3 . The incisional SSI was classified as superficial or deep according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. @entity0 with organ-space @entity3 were excluded, as were those with major concomitant @entity3 , foreign material in the incision that could not be removed, previous systemic antimicrobial therapy, or @entity5 clearance < 30 mL/min. @entity7 4   mg/kg was administered intravenously once daily for 7-14 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was clinical response at the end of @entity7 therapy, and the safety assessment was based on adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: Sixty-nine @entity0 were enrolled, 60 of whom were evaluable for efficacy. Extremity wounds predominated among superficial incisional SSIs (n = 30), whereas abdominal wounds predominated among deep SSIs (n = 30). @entity0 with deep incisional SSI were more likely to be young, male, white, and febrile and to weigh more than @entity0 with superficial SSIs. The overall clinical success rate was 92% (95% confidence interval [CI] 82-97%); the success rate was 100% in superficial incisional SSI and 83% in deep SSI (17% difference; 95% CI 0-33%). @entity4 (28/36 @entity6 -resistant) was the pathogen isolated most frequently. In 10 @entity0 who were febrile at baseline, the median time to defervescence was five days, and the mean duration of treatment in the series was 11.2 days. @entity7 was well tolerated. In most @entity0 , AEs were mild or moderate in intensity; in two @entity0 (one superficial, one deep), @entity7 was discontinued because of AEs. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this exploratory study of SSI are consistent with those of previous studies of @entity7 in the treatment of diverse complicated skin and skin-structure @entity3 , and suggest that wound classification should be treated as an important covariate in future studies of @entity7 and other antibiotics.

title: Prospective, non-comparative study of @entity7 for the treatment of superficial and deep incisional surgical site XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: Ononis L. species have been used for healing of wounds, @entity1 and @entity2 , against @entity4 and lesions and topically used as antiseptic and antimicrobial agent in folk medicine. In the present study, the aqueous and methanolic extracts of three endemic Ononis species growing in @entity0 , including Ononis sessilifolia Bornm., Ononis basiadnata Hub.-Mor. and Ononis macrosperma Hub.-Mor. were assessed for their in vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vivo wound healing activities of the plants were evaluated by using linear incision and circular excision experimental models subsequently histopathological analysis. The healing potential was comparatively assessed with a reference ointment @entity6 (  ), which contains 1% extract of Centella asiatica. In vivo inhibitory effect of the extracts on @entity5 -induced increase in capillary permeability was studied for the assessment of anti-inflammatory activity. RESULTS: The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the aerial parts of O. macrosperma demonstrated the highest activity in both wound models and significant anti-inflammatory activity in @entity5 -induced increase in capillary permeability test. Furthermore, ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of O. sessilifolia showed anti-inflammatory effect but was devoid of wound healing activity. The rest of the species did not show remarkable wound healing effect. @entity3 fraction of O. macrosperma ethanolic extract demonstrated significant but reduced wound healing activity, which revealed a possible combined effect. The results of histopathological examination supported the outcome of linear incision and circular excision wound models. CONCLUSION: The experimental study revealed that the aerial parts of O. macrosperma display remarkable wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities.

title: Wound healing acceleration effect of endemic Ononis species growing in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine variations in 5-year relative survival rates with primary @entity2 in the United States over a 25-year period from 1973 to 1997. DESIGN: Systematic review of existing databases. @entity0 : Two thousand four hundred ninety-three @entity0 with primary @entity2 , International Classification of Oncology [ICDO-2] codes C69.3 [ @entity1 ] and C69.4 [ciliary body and iris]) derived from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database in the United States from 1973 to 1997. METHODS: The @entity0 were stratified according to the treatment (surgery or radiotherapy). The relative 5-year survival was calculated for 2054 @entity0 diagnosed between 1973 and 1993 by the life table method using US life expectancy tables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The relative 5-year survival rate. RESULTS: Surgical treatment was performed in 1476 (72%) cases, and radiotherapy was given in 300 (15%) cases. The proportion of cases treated by radiotherapy increased progressively from 2% to 28% in 20 years. Relative 5-year survival rates ranged from 77% to 84% without a statistically significant variation. CONCLUSIONS: Advances made in the local methods of treatment of primary @entity2 have not led to an improvement in survival. Systemic approaches to management of @entity2 are warranted.

title: Survival rates with XXXX in the United States: 1973-1997.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of placement of Intacs in subjects with @entity2 . DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized comparative trial. INTERVENTION: Intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation. @entity0 : Seventy-four eyes of 50 subjects (41 male and 9 female) were evaluated. The mean age of subjects in the study was 35 years, ranging from 20 to 73 years. Twenty-six subjects underwent single-eye treatment, and 24 subjects had both eyes treated. METHODS: A modified Intacs procedure was performed on subjects with @entity2 . Pachymetry was measured at the incision site, and the incision was made at 66% of the corneal thickness. A thicker ring segment was typically placed inferiorly, and a thinner segment was placed superiorly on the basis of a refractive nomogram. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences between preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, best spectacle-corrected acuity, and spherical equivalent. Changes in irregular @entity1 were evaluated with the inferior-superior value from comeotopographic maps, and differences in refractive cylinder groups were studied. RESULTS: Preoperative mean best-corrected logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) visual acuity was 0.41 (20/50 - 1) (standard deviation [SD], +/-0.48), which improved to a postoperative mean of 0.24 (20/32 - 2) (SD, +/-0.31) (two lines of improvement). Preoperative mean uncorrected LogMAR visual acuity was 1.05 (20/200 - 2 1) (SD, +/-0.48), which improved to a mean of 0.61 (20/80-) (SD, +/-0.52) (four lines of improvement) at postoperative follow-up. Preoperative mean best-corrected LogMAR acuity in the corneal scarring group was 0.96 (20/200 + 2) (SD, +/-0.72), which improved to a mean of 0.54 (SD, +/-0.43) (20/63 - 2) (five lines of improvement). Uncorrected mean LogMAR acuity in the eyes with corneal scarring was 1.42 (20/400 - 4) (SD, +/-0.27), which improved to a mean of 1.03 (20/200 - 1) (SD, +/-73) (three lines of improvement). The mean spherical equivalent before surgery was -3.89 diopters (D) (SD, +/-5.16), which was reduced to a mean of -1.46 D (+/-4.11) at the postoperative follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Asymmetric Intacs implantation can improve both uncorrected and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity and can reduce irregular @entity1 in corneas with and without corneal scarring.

title: Intacs for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features of the syndrome that includes bilateral @entity4 and @entity1 and to propose a novel etiology to explain this presentation. DESIGN: Observational small case series. @entity0 : Three @entity0 . METHODS: Three @entity0 received an extensive clinical work-up including complete ocular examination, A and B scan ultrasonography, Humphrey visual field analysis, and imaging of the brain and orbit. Neurological consultation was obtained in each @entity0 two of whom underwent lumbar puncture. The findings of this detailed investigation are reported. RESULTS: Each @entity0 demonstrated bilateral @entity4 with optic disk congestion and leakage in one eye and @entity3 in the fellow eye. Extensive ocular and extraocular investigation failed to uncover a specific etiology. @entity6 cerebri, a well-documented cause of @entity2 and @entity4 , was ruled out in each case. Each @entity0 did demonstrate variable degrees of @entity5 and shortened axial lengths. CONCLUSIONS: The syndrome of bilateral @entity4 and @entity1 may have various etiologies. @entity6 cerebri needs to be definitively ruled out. Normal neuro-ophthalmological investigation including lumbar puncture may indicate an alternative cause. Idiopathic acquired @entity5 in middle-aged @entity0 who are hyperopic with shortened axial lengths may be associated with @entity4 and a constricted scleral canal causing optic disk congestion and complicated by @entity7 due to a crowded disk.

title: Bilateral @entity4 and XXXX : a variant of the crowded disk syndrome?

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features of the syndrome that includes bilateral @entity4 and @entity1 and to propose a novel etiology to explain this presentation. DESIGN: Observational small case series. @entity0 : Three @entity0 . METHODS: Three @entity0 received an extensive clinical work-up including complete ocular examination, A and B scan ultrasonography, Humphrey visual field analysis, and imaging of the brain and orbit. Neurological consultation was obtained in each @entity0 two of whom underwent lumbar puncture. The findings of this detailed investigation are reported. RESULTS: Each @entity0 demonstrated bilateral @entity4 with optic disk congestion and leakage in one eye and @entity3 in the fellow eye. Extensive ocular and extraocular investigation failed to uncover a specific etiology. @entity6 cerebri, a well-documented cause of @entity2 and @entity4 , was ruled out in each case. Each @entity0 did demonstrate variable degrees of @entity5 and shortened axial lengths. CONCLUSIONS: The syndrome of bilateral @entity4 and @entity1 may have various etiologies. @entity6 cerebri needs to be definitively ruled out. Normal neuro-ophthalmological investigation including lumbar puncture may indicate an alternative cause. Idiopathic acquired @entity5 in middle-aged @entity0 who are hyperopic with shortened axial lengths may be associated with @entity4 and a constricted scleral canal causing optic disk congestion and complicated by @entity7 due to a crowded disk.

title: Bilateral XXXX and @entity1 : a variant of the crowded disk syndrome?

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of @entity6 can be analyzed using clinical data from @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to define the profile of @entity0 attending a @entity1 unit and to determine the prevalence of the most common sensitizations in this population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Throughout 2008, a retrospective observational study was carried out in the 5 hospitals of the Spanish Surveillance System on Contact @entity2 . All @entity0 underwent skin patch tests with the Spanish standard series. The frequencies of sensitization were normalized for age and gender. RESULTS: Data were gathered on 1161 @entity0 . The 5 allergens that gave the most frequent positive reactions were @entity7 (25.88%), @entity9 (5.31%), @entity5 (5.10%), fragrance blends (4.64%), and balsam of Peru (4.44%). The least frequently detected reactions were to @entity3 - @entity8 mix and @entity10 mix. There was a 35% prevalence of sensitization to @entity4 among @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The profile of sensitizations in Spain is similar to that of other Southern European countries. @entity7 continues to be the most prevalent allergen, particularly in @entity0 . The low prevalence of sensitization to @entity3 - @entity8 mix and @entity10 mix supports their exclusion of the Spanish series.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX in Spain. Results of the Spanish Surveillance System on Contact @entity2 for the year 2008].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of @entity6 can be analyzed using clinical data from @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to define the profile of @entity0 attending a @entity1 unit and to determine the prevalence of the most common sensitizations in this population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Throughout 2008, a retrospective observational study was carried out in the 5 hospitals of the Spanish Surveillance System on Contact @entity2 . All @entity0 underwent skin patch tests with the Spanish standard series. The frequencies of sensitization were normalized for age and gender. RESULTS: Data were gathered on 1161 @entity0 . The 5 allergens that gave the most frequent positive reactions were @entity7 (25.88%), @entity9 (5.31%), @entity5 (5.10%), fragrance blends (4.64%), and balsam of Peru (4.44%). The least frequently detected reactions were to @entity3 - @entity8 mix and @entity10 mix. There was a 35% prevalence of sensitization to @entity4 among @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The profile of sensitizations in Spain is similar to that of other Southern European countries. @entity7 continues to be the most prevalent allergen, particularly in @entity0 . The low prevalence of sensitization to @entity3 - @entity8 mix and @entity10 mix supports their exclusion of the Spanish series.

title: [Epidemiology of @entity6 in Spain. Results of the Spanish Surveillance System on Contact XXXX for the year 2008].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Seventy two consecutive @entity0 with severe isolated @entity2 were evaluated by preoperative echocardiographic and angiographic assessment of the aortic root. Biopsy specimens of the aortic wall were taken at operation. Two major groups of @entity0 were found: those with cusp derangement but normal aortic roots and those with normal cusps but dilated aortic roots. Of the 42 cases of abnormal cusps, 20 were rheumatic, 15 were infective, and six were bicuspid. One @entity0 had a tear in an otherwise normal cusp. Of the 30 cases of abnormal roots but normal cusps, six had inflammatory changes (syphilis, @entity4 , @entity1 ) and 24 had root dilatation caused by non-inflammatory destruction of elastic laminae. Echocardiographic measurement of the aorta at the level of the top of the commissures predicted the findings at pathology. In 37 of 39 @entity0 with cusp disease the measurement was less than 37 mm. In 27 of 33 @entity0 with root disease the measurement was greater than or equal to 37 mm. This difference was statistically significant. There was no difference in the sizes of the prosthesis used in each group, suggesting that it was the diameter of the junction of the aorta with the sinuses rather than the junction of the sinuses with the ventricle that was important in @entity2 . Clinical progression in @entity0 with non-inflammatory aortic root disease is slower than in @entity0 with infective disease but faster than in those with @entity3 .

title: The aetiology and course of isolated severe XXXX : a clinical, pathological, and echocardiographic study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We presented the case of diffuse large B-cell @entity4 initially manifesting in bone marrow without lymph nodes' swelling and other @entity1 . A 68-year-old @entity0 was suffering from general fatigue and @entity2 . Because @entity5 were identified in the peripheral blood, a @entity3 and random skin biopsy were performed. In myelogram, it was suspicious for @entity7 because @entity4 cells resembled other atypical hematopoietic cell. In biopsy specimen of bone marrow, @entity5 diffusely infiltrated, which could be called "paced bone marrow". On the other hand no atypical cell identified in the vessels of dermis and subcutaneous tissue by random skin biopsy. Immunohistochemically, @entity5 in bone marrow were diffusely positive for B-cell marker ( @entity6 ). These results lead this case to be diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell @entity4 initially manifesting in the bone marrow. In this case, it was very useful that bone marrow biopsy and myelogram were evaluated simultaneously. Quick and accurate diagnosis is possible by combining immunohistochemical analysis using both myelogram and biopsy specimen.

title: [Diffuse large B-cell XXXX initially manifesting in bone marrow. A case report].

answer: @entity4


abstract: We describe a 50-year-old @entity0 who developed @entity4 followed by @entity6 during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Preoperatively, there were no findings suggesting an @entity2 . Anesthesia was maintained using @entity9 combined with epidural anesthesia. His blood pressure, heart rate, and ECG waves were stable during the initial stage of laparoscopic procedure. After establishment of small laparotomy for stomach resection, the blood pressure decreased to before 60 mmHg without remarkable ST change on lead II. Administration of intravenous @entity11 was not effective and a short run appeared. Then persistent @entity5 followed by ventricular standstill developed. Chest compression and intravenous adrenalin restored sinus rhythm, and thereafter the @entity0 remained hemodynamically stable with intravenous @entity13 and @entity12 . The operation was completed and the @entity0 awoke without @entity1 . Postoperatively the coronary angiography showed no stenosis of coronary arteries; however, when @entity3 test was attempted on right coronary artery, @entity7 in accordance with @entity8 of #1 segmental coronary artery developed. In the case of abrupt onset of lethal @entity4 , @entity10 should be suspected even when ST changes are not recognized with routine ECG monitor.

title: [Case of @entity6 due to XXXX during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy].

answer: @entity10


abstract: We describe a 50-year-old @entity0 who developed @entity4 followed by @entity6 during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Preoperatively, there were no findings suggesting an @entity2 . Anesthesia was maintained using @entity9 combined with epidural anesthesia. His blood pressure, heart rate, and ECG waves were stable during the initial stage of laparoscopic procedure. After establishment of small laparotomy for stomach resection, the blood pressure decreased to before 60 mmHg without remarkable ST change on lead II. Administration of intravenous @entity11 was not effective and a short run appeared. Then persistent @entity5 followed by ventricular standstill developed. Chest compression and intravenous adrenalin restored sinus rhythm, and thereafter the @entity0 remained hemodynamically stable with intravenous @entity13 and @entity12 . The operation was completed and the @entity0 awoke without @entity1 . Postoperatively the coronary angiography showed no stenosis of coronary arteries; however, when @entity3 test was attempted on right coronary artery, @entity7 in accordance with @entity8 of #1 segmental coronary artery developed. In the case of abrupt onset of lethal @entity4 , @entity10 should be suspected even when ST changes are not recognized with routine ECG monitor.

title: [Case of XXXX due to @entity10 during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy].

answer: @entity6


abstract: To evaluate complaints of adverse reactions to marking pen emissions, groups of @entity1 were exposed for 1 h to the emissions of 8 brands of felt-tip markers or white-board cleaner. Pneumotachographs and a computerized version of ASTM E-981 test method were used to measure changes in respiration. Sensory irritation (SI), pulmonary irritation (PI), and/or air flow limitation (AFL) of differing intensities were documented with each of the eight brands tested. At the peak of the effects, the largest SI was observed with pen F (72% of the breaths); the largest PI occurred with pen D (13% of the breaths), and the largest AFL was seen with pen F (25% of the breaths). Pens G and H produced minimal SI, PI, or AFL. A functional observational battery was used to screen for signs of @entity5 . Emissions from all eight of the pens produced @entity3 such as altered posture and gait, @entity4 , falling, and @entity6 . The exposure concentrations were similar to the total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) values near marking pens in actual use. Gas chromatography identified mixtures of @entity7 , @entity9 , and/or @entity8 . Exposures to white-board cleaner solution resulted in similar @entity2 ( SI, PI, AFL, and @entity5 ). These results document that some marking pens and white-board cleaner emit mixtures of chemicals that can produce acute @entity2 and @entity3 in normal @entity1 . These results provide a toxicological explanation for some of the @entity0 complaints concerning respiratory and neurological reactions to marking pen emissions.

title: Acute XXXX of marking pen emissions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The idiotypic patterns detected in the anti- @entity2 typhi serum of one given @entity1 have been sought in other bleedings of the same @entity0 . Idiotypic patterns carried by antibodies of the second @entity1 are not always found in those of the first @entity1 . Bifurcated precipitation zones in gels (double diffusion in cells) have been observed in the reaction of several anti-idiotypic sera with the sera of the first and second bleedings of three @entity0 , and apparently indicate that idiotypic patterns which were carried by the same molecule in the first @entity1 were carried by two separate molecules in the second @entity1 . In a comparison of idiotypy of two anti-S. typhi serum samples of one @entity0 , the collection of which had been separated by a very long interruption of the immunization, all the idiotypes detected in the @entity1 were also detected in the late @entity1 ; several idiotypes were detected in the serum of the late @entity1 and not in that of the @entity1 . Idiotypy has been observed and compared in IgM and in IgG antibodies. There are, in each of these two classes, antibodies that are not distinguished from antibodies of the other class by anti-idiotypic sera, and consequently that carry the same idiotypic patterns. A comparison has been made between the idiotypy of the two kinds of antibodies which, in anti-S. typhi sera, are precipitated and not precipitated by the polysaccharide. Certain idiotypic patterns are carried only by the antibodies of the first kind. There are also idiotypic patterns which are carried by antibodies of these two kinds, among which certain anti-idiotypic antibodies do not discriminate. Possible cellular implications of observations made on idiotypy at different stages of the immunization of one individual have been discussed.

title: Idiotypy of rabbit antibodies. II. Comparison of idiotypy of various kinds of antibodies formed in the same XXXX against @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The idiotypic patterns detected in the anti- @entity2 typhi serum of one given @entity1 have been sought in other bleedings of the same @entity0 . Idiotypic patterns carried by antibodies of the second @entity1 are not always found in those of the first @entity1 . Bifurcated precipitation zones in gels (double diffusion in cells) have been observed in the reaction of several anti-idiotypic sera with the sera of the first and second bleedings of three @entity0 , and apparently indicate that idiotypic patterns which were carried by the same molecule in the first @entity1 were carried by two separate molecules in the second @entity1 . In a comparison of idiotypy of two anti-S. typhi serum samples of one @entity0 , the collection of which had been separated by a very long interruption of the immunization, all the idiotypes detected in the @entity1 were also detected in the late @entity1 ; several idiotypes were detected in the serum of the late @entity1 and not in that of the @entity1 . Idiotypy has been observed and compared in IgM and in IgG antibodies. There are, in each of these two classes, antibodies that are not distinguished from antibodies of the other class by anti-idiotypic sera, and consequently that carry the same idiotypic patterns. A comparison has been made between the idiotypy of the two kinds of antibodies which, in anti-S. typhi sera, are precipitated and not precipitated by the polysaccharide. Certain idiotypic patterns are carried only by the antibodies of the first kind. There are also idiotypic patterns which are carried by antibodies of these two kinds, among which certain anti-idiotypic antibodies do not discriminate. Possible cellular implications of observations made on idiotypy at different stages of the immunization of one individual have been discussed.

title: Idiotypy of rabbit antibodies. II. Comparison of idiotypy of various kinds of antibodies formed in the same @entity0 against XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that have been proposed to regulate @entity3 by antagonising the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signalling pathway. We investigated the role of PPARs using synthetic agonists in @entity2 models of @entity3 , and addressed the possible effect on NF-kappaB signalling in vitro using a @entity0 epithelial cell line, A549. 2. Sensitised BALB/c @entity2 exposed to an aerosol solution of ovalbumin had an increased number of airway eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes. When given intranasally an hour before the aerosol challenge, a @entity5 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 ( @entity10 ) selective agonist as well as a dual @entity5 /gamma ( @entity11 ) agonist selectively inhibited allergen-induced bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil and lymphocyte but not neutrophil influx. In contrast, a @entity8 agonist ( @entity9 ) was inactive. 3. When given intranasally an hour before challenge, @entity5 and @entity6 selective agonists as well as a dual @entity5 /gamma agonist did not inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophil influx or @entity1 necrosis factor-alpha ( @entity4 ) and KC production. 4. In A549 cells, selective agonists for @entity5 -alpha, -gamma and -delta did not inhibit intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression following stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, IL-8 release and the activation of an NF-kappaB-responsive reporter gene construct were inhibited only at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that these effects were not @entity5 -mediated. 5. Our in vivo data show that agonists of @entity12 , but not -delta, inhibit allergen-induced bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil and lymphocyte influx. In vitro data suggest that this effect might not be mediated by antagonism of the NF-kappaB pathway.

title: @entity12 but not -delta agonists inhibit @entity3 in a XXXX model of asthma: in vitro evidence for an NF-kappaB-independent effect.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that have been proposed to regulate @entity3 by antagonising the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signalling pathway. We investigated the role of PPARs using synthetic agonists in @entity2 models of @entity3 , and addressed the possible effect on NF-kappaB signalling in vitro using a @entity0 epithelial cell line, A549. 2. Sensitised BALB/c @entity2 exposed to an aerosol solution of ovalbumin had an increased number of airway eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes. When given intranasally an hour before the aerosol challenge, a @entity5 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 ( @entity10 ) selective agonist as well as a dual @entity5 /gamma ( @entity11 ) agonist selectively inhibited allergen-induced bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil and lymphocyte but not neutrophil influx. In contrast, a @entity8 agonist ( @entity9 ) was inactive. 3. When given intranasally an hour before challenge, @entity5 and @entity6 selective agonists as well as a dual @entity5 /gamma agonist did not inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophil influx or @entity1 necrosis factor-alpha ( @entity4 ) and KC production. 4. In A549 cells, selective agonists for @entity5 -alpha, -gamma and -delta did not inhibit intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression following stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, IL-8 release and the activation of an NF-kappaB-responsive reporter gene construct were inhibited only at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that these effects were not @entity5 -mediated. 5. Our in vivo data show that agonists of @entity12 , but not -delta, inhibit allergen-induced bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil and lymphocyte influx. In vitro data suggest that this effect might not be mediated by antagonism of the NF-kappaB pathway.

title: @entity12 but not -delta agonists inhibit XXXX in a @entity2 model of asthma: in vitro evidence for an NF-kappaB-independent effect.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that have been proposed to regulate @entity3 by antagonising the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signalling pathway. We investigated the role of PPARs using synthetic agonists in @entity2 models of @entity3 , and addressed the possible effect on NF-kappaB signalling in vitro using a @entity0 epithelial cell line, A549. 2. Sensitised BALB/c @entity2 exposed to an aerosol solution of ovalbumin had an increased number of airway eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes. When given intranasally an hour before the aerosol challenge, a @entity5 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 ( @entity10 ) selective agonist as well as a dual @entity5 /gamma ( @entity11 ) agonist selectively inhibited allergen-induced bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil and lymphocyte but not neutrophil influx. In contrast, a @entity8 agonist ( @entity9 ) was inactive. 3. When given intranasally an hour before challenge, @entity5 and @entity6 selective agonists as well as a dual @entity5 /gamma agonist did not inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophil influx or @entity1 necrosis factor-alpha ( @entity4 ) and KC production. 4. In A549 cells, selective agonists for @entity5 -alpha, -gamma and -delta did not inhibit intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression following stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, IL-8 release and the activation of an NF-kappaB-responsive reporter gene construct were inhibited only at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that these effects were not @entity5 -mediated. 5. Our in vivo data show that agonists of @entity12 , but not -delta, inhibit allergen-induced bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil and lymphocyte influx. In vitro data suggest that this effect might not be mediated by antagonism of the NF-kappaB pathway.

title: XXXX but not -delta agonists inhibit @entity3 in a @entity2 model of asthma: in vitro evidence for an NF-kappaB-independent effect.

answer: @entity12


abstract: C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), the third member of the natriuretic peptide family, is known to be synthesized in the central nervous system and vascular endothelial cells, in contrast to atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide. However, there have been no studies concerning CNP production in cultured cardiac cells. Here, we examined the production and the local effect of CNP in cultured ventricular cells. Under serum-free conditions, adult @entity0 cardiac fibroblasts secreted immunoreactive CNP time dependently. @entity2 , basic fibroblast growth factor, and @entity3 significantly stimulated CNP secretion. Northern blot analysis detected significant expressions of CNP and its specific receptor (guanylyl cyclase-B) mRNA in cardiac fibroblasts. CNP stimulated intracellular @entity4 production in fibroblasts more intensely than atrial and brain natriuretic peptides. CNP inhibited both DNA and collagen syntheses of cardiac fibroblasts, and these inhibitory effects by CNP were stronger than by atrial and brain natriuretic peptides. The inhibition by CNP of DNA and collagen syntheses was reproduced by a @entity4 analog, @entity5 . The present findings demonstrate that CNP is synthesized in and secreted from cardiac fibroblasts and suggest that CNP has a suppressive effect on fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix production, probably via the guanylyl cyclase-B-mediated @entity4 -dependent process. CNP produced by cardiac fibroblasts may play a role as an autocrine regulator against @entity1 .

title: Gene expression, secretion, and autocrine action of C-type natriuretic peptide in cultured adult XXXX cardiac fibroblasts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A live 19-day-old male @entity12 @entity6 was euthanized and necropsied. It was one of 12 chicks in a group in which 8 had died with history of @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity3 . The birds had been treated with @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity13 . Necropsy of the @entity12 revealed @entity7 , mild @entity5 and serous atrophy of fat around the heart. The liver had numerous yellow tan foci on the capsular surface as well as on the cut surface. Caecal contents were watery. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed multifocal @entity0 of hepatocytes with infiltration of heterophils mixed with fibrin, few lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells. A Gram stain of the liver revealed a few gram-positive bacilli scattered within the @entity0 foci. @entity8 was isolated from the liver, and toxin A was detected by ELISA. A retrospective examination of approximately 1000 ostriches submitted during a seven year period to the laboratory system revealed seven cases of @entity1 due to @entity9 , two additional cases due to @entity8 and two cases due to C. sordelli.

title: XXXX associated with @entity8 in an @entity12 @entity6 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A live 19-day-old male @entity12 @entity6 was euthanized and necropsied. It was one of 12 chicks in a group in which 8 had died with history of @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity3 . The birds had been treated with @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity13 . Necropsy of the @entity12 revealed @entity7 , mild @entity5 and serous atrophy of fat around the heart. The liver had numerous yellow tan foci on the capsular surface as well as on the cut surface. Caecal contents were watery. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed multifocal @entity0 of hepatocytes with infiltration of heterophils mixed with fibrin, few lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells. A Gram stain of the liver revealed a few gram-positive bacilli scattered within the @entity0 foci. @entity8 was isolated from the liver, and toxin A was detected by ELISA. A retrospective examination of approximately 1000 ostriches submitted during a seven year period to the laboratory system revealed seven cases of @entity1 due to @entity9 , two additional cases due to @entity8 and two cases due to C. sordelli.

title: @entity1 associated with XXXX in an @entity12 @entity6 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: A live 19-day-old male @entity12 @entity6 was euthanized and necropsied. It was one of 12 chicks in a group in which 8 had died with history of @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity3 . The birds had been treated with @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity13 . Necropsy of the @entity12 revealed @entity7 , mild @entity5 and serous atrophy of fat around the heart. The liver had numerous yellow tan foci on the capsular surface as well as on the cut surface. Caecal contents were watery. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed multifocal @entity0 of hepatocytes with infiltration of heterophils mixed with fibrin, few lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells. A Gram stain of the liver revealed a few gram-positive bacilli scattered within the @entity0 foci. @entity8 was isolated from the liver, and toxin A was detected by ELISA. A retrospective examination of approximately 1000 ostriches submitted during a seven year period to the laboratory system revealed seven cases of @entity1 due to @entity9 , two additional cases due to @entity8 and two cases due to C. sordelli.

title: @entity1 associated with @entity8 in an @entity12 XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: A live 19-day-old male @entity12 @entity6 was euthanized and necropsied. It was one of 12 chicks in a group in which 8 had died with history of @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity3 . The birds had been treated with @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity13 . Necropsy of the @entity12 revealed @entity7 , mild @entity5 and serous atrophy of fat around the heart. The liver had numerous yellow tan foci on the capsular surface as well as on the cut surface. Caecal contents were watery. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed multifocal @entity0 of hepatocytes with infiltration of heterophils mixed with fibrin, few lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells. A Gram stain of the liver revealed a few gram-positive bacilli scattered within the @entity0 foci. @entity8 was isolated from the liver, and toxin A was detected by ELISA. A retrospective examination of approximately 1000 ostriches submitted during a seven year period to the laboratory system revealed seven cases of @entity1 due to @entity9 , two additional cases due to @entity8 and two cases due to C. sordelli.

title: @entity1 associated with @entity8 in an XXXX @entity6 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: CONTEXT: Geographic variations in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and associated risk factors have been recognized worldwide. However, little attention has been directed to potential differences in @entity3 between Europe and North America. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether higher blood pressure (BP) levels and @entity3 are more prevalent in Europe than in the United States and Canada. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Sample surveys that were national in scope and conducted in the 1990s were identified in Germany, Finland, Sweden, England, Spain, Italy, Canada, and the United States. Collaborating investigators provided tabular data in a consistent format by age and sex for @entity0 at least 35 years of age. Population registries were the main basis for sampling. Survey sizes ranged from 1800 to 23 100, with response rates of 61% to 87.5%. The data were analyzed to provide age-specific and age-adjusted estimates of BP and @entity3 prevalence by country and region (eg, European vs North American). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood pressure levels and prevalence of @entity3 in Europe, the United States, and Canada. RESULTS: Average BP was 136/83 mm Hg in the European countries and 127/77 mm Hg in Canada and the United States among @entity0 and @entity0 combined who were 35 to 74 years of age. This difference already existed among younger @entity0 (35-39 years) in whom treatment was uncommon (ie, 124/78 mm Hg and 115/75 mm Hg, respectively), and the slope with age was steeper in the European countries. For all age groups, BP measurements were lowest in the United States and highest in Germany. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of @entity3 was 28% in the North American countries and 44% in the European countries at the 140/90 mm Hg threshold. The findings for @entity0 and @entity0 by region were similar. @entity3 prevalence was strongly correlated with @entity1 mortality (r = 0.78) and more modestly with total @entity2 (r = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: Despite extensive research on geographic patterns of @entity2 , the 60% higher prevalence of @entity3 in Europe compared with the United States and Canada has not been generally appreciated. The implication of this finding for national prevention strategies should be vigorously explored.

title: XXXX prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A prospective study of postoperative infectious complications after open-heart surgery was carried out in 885 @entity0 . @entity1 occurred in 173 @entity0 , an overall incidence was 19.5%. The mortality rate was 0.8%. The incidence of sternal wound @entity2 was 7.7% (superficial 6.3% and deep 1.4%) and of leg wound @entity2 11.4%. Superficial sternal wound @entity2 were associated with @entity4 in 10.7% and deep sternal wound @entity2 in 33.3%. The leg wound @entity2 caused no blood culture positive @entity4 . The incidence of @entity3 was 4.6% while respiratory tract @entity2 occurred in only 2.5%. Early prosthetic @entity5 occurred in only one @entity0 (0.3%). @entity7 and epidermidis were the two bacteria most frequently cultured from sternal wound @entity2 (82.4%), while gram-negative bacteria alone were seldom found (5.9%). In leg wound @entity2 the incidence of gram-negative bacteria was greater (17.3%). Although @entity6 was the causative agent in 37% of postoperative @entity3 the incidence of @entity2 by the classical hospital-acquired organisms (klebsiella and @entity9 ) was also high (32%). @entity1 caused an average prolongation of hospital stay of 8 days. The increase was shortest for @entity3 (5 days) and longest in @entity0 with postoperative @entity8 (28 days).

title: Occurrence of and microbiological findings in XXXX following open-heart surgery. Effect on mortality and hospital stay.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The unexpected appearance of acute @entity2 during the course of drug treatment gives rise to the following question: is it an @entity1 @entity2 (due to an immediate @entity1 : IgE mediated specific immunity) or is it pseudo- @entity1 ? We report our findings in an immuno-allergological study of @entity0 who were sent for @entity9 which presented as immediate hypersensivity ( @entity2 , angiooedema, @entity10 ). METHODS: A prospective study was conducted including all the @entity0 who were sent to the unit for @entity2 or angiooedema type @entity9 . @entity0 were questioned about previous chronic @entity2 and also about @entity2 after taking different medicines. The clinical examination looked for a dermographism. All the @entity0 then took skin tests for immediate @entity1 , the molecule was contra-indicated and tests for cross-reactivity were conducted. @entity0 : Three hundred fifty @entity0 were sent to this unit between February 2000 and April 2001 for @entity9 , mostly with @entity2 /angiooedema but in 7 cases with @entity10 . The incriminated drugs were varied: 50 p. 100 were due mainly to penicillins and @entity12 . Other drug groups were also involved: non @entity4 anti-inflammatories, @entity3 and @entity7 for the most part, along with local anesthetics, @entity6 -based products, contrast @entity8 products, corticosteroids. RESULTS: Of the 350 @entity0 tested, only 22 were @entity1 and had positive tests for the incriminated drug. In these 22 @entity0 , with the exception of 2 of them, the effects were severe ( @entity10 in 7 @entity0 ) and the @entity2 was only a minor manifestation of the reaction. The drugs responsible were cephalosporin (10 @entity0 ), the penicillin (6 @entity0 ), @entity11 (2 @entity0 ), gonadorelin (1 @entity0 ), carboxymethylcellulose (1 @entity0 ), lidocain (1 @entity0 ), and @entity5 (1 @entity0 ). The 328 other @entity0 had negative tests and were able to retake the tested molecule without incident. Most of them had antecedents of chronic @entity2 or dermographism. DISCUSSION: Only 22 @entity0 of the 350, i.e. 6 p. 100 were genuinely @entity1 . These @entity0 were those who presented the most severe symptoms. The other @entity0 , i.e. the majority, suffered from pseudo- @entity1 drug-induced @entity2 , which made retaking the medicines possible.

title: [Immediate XXXX is rarely implicated in drug induced @entity2 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The unexpected appearance of acute @entity2 during the course of drug treatment gives rise to the following question: is it an @entity1 @entity2 (due to an immediate @entity1 : IgE mediated specific immunity) or is it pseudo- @entity1 ? We report our findings in an immuno-allergological study of @entity0 who were sent for @entity9 which presented as immediate hypersensivity ( @entity2 , angiooedema, @entity10 ). METHODS: A prospective study was conducted including all the @entity0 who were sent to the unit for @entity2 or angiooedema type @entity9 . @entity0 were questioned about previous chronic @entity2 and also about @entity2 after taking different medicines. The clinical examination looked for a dermographism. All the @entity0 then took skin tests for immediate @entity1 , the molecule was contra-indicated and tests for cross-reactivity were conducted. @entity0 : Three hundred fifty @entity0 were sent to this unit between February 2000 and April 2001 for @entity9 , mostly with @entity2 /angiooedema but in 7 cases with @entity10 . The incriminated drugs were varied: 50 p. 100 were due mainly to penicillins and @entity12 . Other drug groups were also involved: non @entity4 anti-inflammatories, @entity3 and @entity7 for the most part, along with local anesthetics, @entity6 -based products, contrast @entity8 products, corticosteroids. RESULTS: Of the 350 @entity0 tested, only 22 were @entity1 and had positive tests for the incriminated drug. In these 22 @entity0 , with the exception of 2 of them, the effects were severe ( @entity10 in 7 @entity0 ) and the @entity2 was only a minor manifestation of the reaction. The drugs responsible were cephalosporin (10 @entity0 ), the penicillin (6 @entity0 ), @entity11 (2 @entity0 ), gonadorelin (1 @entity0 ), carboxymethylcellulose (1 @entity0 ), lidocain (1 @entity0 ), and @entity5 (1 @entity0 ). The 328 other @entity0 had negative tests and were able to retake the tested molecule without incident. Most of them had antecedents of chronic @entity2 or dermographism. DISCUSSION: Only 22 @entity0 of the 350, i.e. 6 p. 100 were genuinely @entity1 . These @entity0 were those who presented the most severe symptoms. The other @entity0 , i.e. the majority, suffered from pseudo- @entity1 drug-induced @entity2 , which made retaking the medicines possible.

title: [Immediate @entity1 is rarely implicated in drug induced XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentations, radiological features and clinical progress of a rare case of @entity3 of the lumbar spine. SETTING: Regional Hospital, Hong Kong, China. METHOD: A 54-year-old male @entity0 presented with @entity6 and left sciatica. X-ray and MRI revealed @entity1 infiltration of the fifth lumbar vertebrae and left paraspinal muscles, which was found to be a @entity3 by repeated open biopsies. The @entity1 was removed surgically by combined anterior and posterior approaches, followed by spinal fusion and instrumentation. RESULTS: The anterior tricortical bone graft was complicated with @entity5 and nonunion. Surgical re-exploration confirmed local recurrence of @entity1 macroscopically and histologically. The @entity0 developed symptoms and signs of @entity7 gradually despite repeated surgery and irradiation. The @entity0 eventually died of complications of local recurrence and @entity2 at 3 years and 8 months after the first operation. CONCLUSION: This is the first case report of @entity3 of the lumbar spine. The clinical profile of this @entity0 and the evidence from the literature review suggests that @entity3 has a @entity4 with high recurrence and mortality rate.

title: XXXX with @entity7 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentations, radiological features and clinical progress of a rare case of @entity3 of the lumbar spine. SETTING: Regional Hospital, Hong Kong, China. METHOD: A 54-year-old male @entity0 presented with @entity6 and left sciatica. X-ray and MRI revealed @entity1 infiltration of the fifth lumbar vertebrae and left paraspinal muscles, which was found to be a @entity3 by repeated open biopsies. The @entity1 was removed surgically by combined anterior and posterior approaches, followed by spinal fusion and instrumentation. RESULTS: The anterior tricortical bone graft was complicated with @entity5 and nonunion. Surgical re-exploration confirmed local recurrence of @entity1 macroscopically and histologically. The @entity0 developed symptoms and signs of @entity7 gradually despite repeated surgery and irradiation. The @entity0 eventually died of complications of local recurrence and @entity2 at 3 years and 8 months after the first operation. CONCLUSION: This is the first case report of @entity3 of the lumbar spine. The clinical profile of this @entity0 and the evidence from the literature review suggests that @entity3 has a @entity4 with high recurrence and mortality rate.

title: @entity3 with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary cytoreductive surgery is well accepted in the initial management of @entity2 with a goal of maximal @entity1 reduction. The role of cytoreductive surgery at disease recurrence is controversial and guidelines are not standardized. We aimed to review cases of @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 who were collaboratively managed by two teams of oncologic surgeons with different areas of surgical expertise. METHODS: A list of 616 @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 from 1995 to 2009 was generated at a single institution. 20 cases of recurrent @entity2 were identified that were managed collaboratively. Data collected included date of diagnosis, initial treatment, recurrence date, location and number of sites of recurrence, secondary cytoreductive procedure performed, @entity3 after surgery, pre-operative status, post-operative course, and pathologic findings. RESULTS: Of the 20 cases that fit eligibility criteria, 11 were completely resected, 5 were incompletely resected, and 4 were biopsied only. Median disease-free interval following primary surgery was 18 months (6-147). Median interval from diagnosis to collaborative cytoreduction was 63 months (13-170). Our @entity0 had metastatic disease to the liver (11), lymph nodes (8), the diaphragm (7), other locations including colon, pancreas, lung, adrenal, kidney (9). Two @entity0 had additional miliary disease. All @entity0 underwent joint surgical management by gynecologic and surgical oncologists. There were no deaths in the immediate post-operative period. The 5 year survival rate was 45% following the joint surgical effort, with a median post-collaborative surgery survival duration of 42 months. CONCLUSIONS: Previous studies document survival benefit of surgery for @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 when there has been a long disease-free interval, localized pelvic or intra-abdominal recurrences and an optimal performance status. Most gynecologic oncologists do not perform extensive liver or diaphragm resections or lymph node excision above the renal vessels; thus, collaboration with a surgical oncologist is a viable option. In this small descriptive study, the feasibility of this reasonably well-tolerated approach, with possible survival benefit, is documented.

title: Surgical management of recurrent XXXX : the advantage of collaborative surgical management and a multidisciplinary approach.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Eleven neurosurgical @entity0 without @entity1 were given 4 g @entity7 ( @entity8 ) intravenously for 30 minutes. Ventricular drainage was performed in 10 cases, and 1 case with cisternal drainage. Eight of 11 cases showed moderate to severe @entity6 . Serum and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of @entity8 were measured for 8 hours after injection. Average peak serum concentration of @entity8 was 476 micrograms/ml and the half-life was 150 minutes. @entity0 with obstructive @entity4 showed relative good penetration of @entity8 in CSF (2.74 approximately 5.29 micrograms/ml). Especially, those who had severe dilatation of ventricles demonstrated sequential increased concentration (5.48 approximately 6.25 micrograms/ml at 8 hours). In poor risk @entity0 and @entity5 with @entity3 cases, who had normal range of CSF cell counts and protein, @entity8 level was low, less than 2 micrograms/ml. In cases with severe @entity2 , sufficient concentration (11 micrograms/ml) of @entity8 was observed in cisternal CSF. The @entity8 concentrations in CSF after 4 g administration did not seem to exceed comparing to 2 g dosing.

title: [A study of XXXX levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of @entity0 with @entity4 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Eleven neurosurgical @entity0 without @entity1 were given 4 g @entity7 ( @entity8 ) intravenously for 30 minutes. Ventricular drainage was performed in 10 cases, and 1 case with cisternal drainage. Eight of 11 cases showed moderate to severe @entity6 . Serum and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of @entity8 were measured for 8 hours after injection. Average peak serum concentration of @entity8 was 476 micrograms/ml and the half-life was 150 minutes. @entity0 with obstructive @entity4 showed relative good penetration of @entity8 in CSF (2.74 approximately 5.29 micrograms/ml). Especially, those who had severe dilatation of ventricles demonstrated sequential increased concentration (5.48 approximately 6.25 micrograms/ml at 8 hours). In poor risk @entity0 and @entity5 with @entity3 cases, who had normal range of CSF cell counts and protein, @entity8 level was low, less than 2 micrograms/ml. In cases with severe @entity2 , sufficient concentration (11 micrograms/ml) of @entity8 was observed in cisternal CSF. The @entity8 concentrations in CSF after 4 g administration did not seem to exceed comparing to 2 g dosing.

title: [A study of @entity7 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Eleven neurosurgical @entity0 without @entity1 were given 4 g @entity7 ( @entity8 ) intravenously for 30 minutes. Ventricular drainage was performed in 10 cases, and 1 case with cisternal drainage. Eight of 11 cases showed moderate to severe @entity6 . Serum and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of @entity8 were measured for 8 hours after injection. Average peak serum concentration of @entity8 was 476 micrograms/ml and the half-life was 150 minutes. @entity0 with obstructive @entity4 showed relative good penetration of @entity8 in CSF (2.74 approximately 5.29 micrograms/ml). Especially, those who had severe dilatation of ventricles demonstrated sequential increased concentration (5.48 approximately 6.25 micrograms/ml at 8 hours). In poor risk @entity0 and @entity5 with @entity3 cases, who had normal range of CSF cell counts and protein, @entity8 level was low, less than 2 micrograms/ml. In cases with severe @entity2 , sufficient concentration (11 micrograms/ml) of @entity8 was observed in cisternal CSF. The @entity8 concentrations in CSF after 4 g administration did not seem to exceed comparing to 2 g dosing.

title: [A study of @entity7 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of XXXX with @entity4 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse pathophysiology and clinical symptoms of chronic @entity7 and their therapeutic care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of articles and consensus conferences published on this subject in the Medline(  ) (PubMed(  )) database. RESULTS: @entity3 importance and @entity2 size are somewhat linked. In the case of @entity5 , @entity1 lesions are not always the only cause of the @entity3 . Imaging consists mostly of MRI and transvaginal ultrasonography. Treatment must be offered to @entity0 with painful @entity1 . Hormonal treatment meant to cause @entity9 is recommended to improve @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity5 . Endometriosis should be confirmed by pathological or surgical findings, before prolonged treatment is undergone. Prolonged postoperative @entity9 significantly decreases @entity3 and lesion relapse. Surgical treatment is effective on @entity8 and is recommended in the event of painful @entity1 . Undergoing surgery is recommended only if individual benefit exceeds risk. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment should aim at improving symptoms rather than systematically removing every @entity2 . Diagnosis of @entity2 at an early stage is currently a major part of public health policy.

title: [Endometriosis and chronic XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) continues to rise in the Western world. The development and growth of the prostate gland depends on @entity5 stimulation. @entity6 ( @entity7 ) is the primary @entity5 responsible for prostate development and also for the pathogenesis of @entity8 ( @entity8 ). @entity7 is synthesized in prostate from circulating @entity3 (T) through the action of 5alpha-Reductase (5alpha-R) (EC 1.3.99.5), which occurs as two isozymes, type-1 and type-2. Both types are expressed in the prostate: type-2 isozyme is predominantly expressed in prostate and is implicated in @entity8 and @entity4 ; type-1 isozyme is also increased in some @entity4 . In recent years, various inhibitors of type-2 isozyme or of both type-1 and type-2 isozyme have been used in @entity10 . METHODS: We present the first published measurements of mRNA levels of @entity2 5alpha-R isozymes in the ventral prostate of @entity1 of different @entity5 status. We used a novel method that combines the high specificity of competitive PCR with the sensitivity of laser-induced capillary electrophoresis (LIF-CE). RESULTS: We demonstrated that T and @entity7 @entity9 control the expression of both 5alpha-R isozymes in @entity1 prostrate. CONCLUSIONS: This approach could be of great value for the study of @entity10 in @entity0 and would allow study at the transcriptional level of the effects of drugs that inhibit either or both of these isozymes.

title: Development of a quantitative RT-PCR method to study 5alpha-reductase mRNA isozymes in @entity1 prostate in different XXXX status.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) continues to rise in the Western world. The development and growth of the prostate gland depends on @entity5 stimulation. @entity6 ( @entity7 ) is the primary @entity5 responsible for prostate development and also for the pathogenesis of @entity8 ( @entity8 ). @entity7 is synthesized in prostate from circulating @entity3 (T) through the action of 5alpha-Reductase (5alpha-R) (EC 1.3.99.5), which occurs as two isozymes, type-1 and type-2. Both types are expressed in the prostate: type-2 isozyme is predominantly expressed in prostate and is implicated in @entity8 and @entity4 ; type-1 isozyme is also increased in some @entity4 . In recent years, various inhibitors of type-2 isozyme or of both type-1 and type-2 isozyme have been used in @entity10 . METHODS: We present the first published measurements of mRNA levels of @entity2 5alpha-R isozymes in the ventral prostate of @entity1 of different @entity5 status. We used a novel method that combines the high specificity of competitive PCR with the sensitivity of laser-induced capillary electrophoresis (LIF-CE). RESULTS: We demonstrated that T and @entity7 @entity9 control the expression of both 5alpha-R isozymes in @entity1 prostrate. CONCLUSIONS: This approach could be of great value for the study of @entity10 in @entity0 and would allow study at the transcriptional level of the effects of drugs that inhibit either or both of these isozymes.

title: Development of a quantitative RT-PCR method to study 5alpha-reductase mRNA isozymes in XXXX prostate in different @entity5 status.

answer: @entity1


abstract: There is strong evidence that commissural interneurons, neurons with axons that extend to the contralateral side of the spinal cord, play an important role in the coordination of left/right alternation during locomotion. In this study we investigated the projections of commissural interneurons to motor neurons and other commissural interneurons on the other side of the spinal cord in neonatal @entity0 . To establish whether there are direct contacts between axons of commissural interneurons and motor neurons, we carried out two series of experiments. In the first experiment we injected biotinylated dextran @entity1 ( @entity2 ) into the lateral motor column to retrogradely label commissural interneurons that may have direct projections to motor neurons. Stained neurons were recovered in the ventromedial areas of the contralateral gray matter in substantial numbers. In the second experiment @entity2 was injected into the ventromedial gray matter on one side of the lumbar spinal cord, whereas motor neurons were simultaneously labeled on the opposite side by applying biocytin onto the ventral roots. @entity2 injections into the ventromedial gray matter labeled a strong axon bundle that arose from the site of injection, crossed the midline in the ventral commissure, and extensively arborized in the contralateral ventral gray matter. Many of these axons made close appositions with dendrites and somata of motor neurons and also with commissural interneurons retrogradely labeled with @entity2 . The results suggest that commissural interneurons may establish monosynaptic contacts with motor neurons on the opposite side of the spinal cord. Our findings also indicate that direct reciprocal connections between commissural interneurons on the two sides of the spinal cord may also exist.

title: Synaptic targets of commissural interneurons in the lumbar spinal cord of neonatal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) synovial cells interact with inflammatory cells, as well as extracellular matrices, through integrins. However, the relevance of @entity4 to inflammatory processes in @entity1 remains unclear. We examined the role of @entity4 -mediated signaling in @entity1 . METHODS: Expression of cell-surface molecules was assessed by FACScan. Engagement of @entity8 integrins was performed by crosslinking using a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and ligand matrices such as fibronectin or collagen. To determine the involvement of @entity2 kinases in @entity4 -mediated signaling, the cells were pretreated with various inhibitors of intracytoplasmic signaling or were transfected with a wild-type @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or a dominant negative truncation of the @entity6 expression plasmid via cationic liposome-mediated transfection. Apoptosis of synovial cells was detected by double staining with @entity5 and @entity7 . RESULTS: @entity4 was highly expressed on @entity1 synovial cells. Engagement of @entity8 integrins by crosslinking as well as by ligand matrices markedly up-regulated expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and Fas. Up-regulation of @entity3 and Fas induced by @entity4 was mediated by the @entity2 kinase signaling pathway, especially involving @entity6 . Fas-mediated early apoptotic change in the cells was amplified by @entity8 crosslinking. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that interaction of @entity8 integrins with extracellular matrix augments expression of @entity3 and Fas on @entity1 synovial cells, as well as Fas-mediated apoptosis of synovial cells. This might lead to the spontaneous growth arrest through the Fas/ @entity0 pathway observed in @entity1 .

title: XXXX -mediated signaling induces @entity3 and Fas on rheumatoid synovial cells and Fas-mediated apoptosis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) synovial cells interact with inflammatory cells, as well as extracellular matrices, through integrins. However, the relevance of @entity4 to inflammatory processes in @entity1 remains unclear. We examined the role of @entity4 -mediated signaling in @entity1 . METHODS: Expression of cell-surface molecules was assessed by FACScan. Engagement of @entity8 integrins was performed by crosslinking using a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and ligand matrices such as fibronectin or collagen. To determine the involvement of @entity2 kinases in @entity4 -mediated signaling, the cells were pretreated with various inhibitors of intracytoplasmic signaling or were transfected with a wild-type @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or a dominant negative truncation of the @entity6 expression plasmid via cationic liposome-mediated transfection. Apoptosis of synovial cells was detected by double staining with @entity5 and @entity7 . RESULTS: @entity4 was highly expressed on @entity1 synovial cells. Engagement of @entity8 integrins by crosslinking as well as by ligand matrices markedly up-regulated expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and Fas. Up-regulation of @entity3 and Fas induced by @entity4 was mediated by the @entity2 kinase signaling pathway, especially involving @entity6 . Fas-mediated early apoptotic change in the cells was amplified by @entity8 crosslinking. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that interaction of @entity8 integrins with extracellular matrix augments expression of @entity3 and Fas on @entity1 synovial cells, as well as Fas-mediated apoptosis of synovial cells. This might lead to the spontaneous growth arrest through the Fas/ @entity0 pathway observed in @entity1 .

title: @entity4 -mediated signaling induces XXXX and Fas on rheumatoid synovial cells and Fas-mediated apoptosis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A low level of @entity1 has been generally reported in @entity0 from developing countries. A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of symptoms of @entity5 and @entity6 among schoolchildren in Gondar, northwest Ethiopia. A standardized self-administered questionnaire developed by the International Study of @entity6 in @entity0 (ISAAC) was used. In total, 3,365 @entity0 aged 13-14 years were surveyed at school, with a response rate of 98.4%. The female to male ratio was 1.5:1. The 12-month-period prevalences of wheeze (16.2%), rhino- @entity7 (14.5%), and @entity4 (10.9%) were comparable to findings from Addis Ababa, but significantly higher than reported from Jimma. A striking seasonal pattern of @entity9 symptoms is observed during the months of September-December with a peak in November, corresponding with the main pollen season of the area. Overall, about 36% of the @entity0 reported symptoms of @entity3 . However, the prevalence of diagnosed @entity2 (8.6%) is less than a quarter of the symptom prevalence rate. This may reflect a generally poor awareness and low health service utilization, or underdiagnosis by health facilities. In conclusion, it appears that the prevalence of @entity2 in Gondar area is high, and there is also wide variation within the country. This calls for further epidemiological studies with more objective assessments of atopy, such as allergen and @entity8 and ecological analysis.

title: Prevalence of symptoms of @entity5 and XXXX in schoolchildren in Gondar town and its vicinity, northwest Ethiopia.

answer: @entity6


abstract: A low level of @entity1 has been generally reported in @entity0 from developing countries. A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of symptoms of @entity5 and @entity6 among schoolchildren in Gondar, northwest Ethiopia. A standardized self-administered questionnaire developed by the International Study of @entity6 in @entity0 (ISAAC) was used. In total, 3,365 @entity0 aged 13-14 years were surveyed at school, with a response rate of 98.4%. The female to male ratio was 1.5:1. The 12-month-period prevalences of wheeze (16.2%), rhino- @entity7 (14.5%), and @entity4 (10.9%) were comparable to findings from Addis Ababa, but significantly higher than reported from Jimma. A striking seasonal pattern of @entity9 symptoms is observed during the months of September-December with a peak in November, corresponding with the main pollen season of the area. Overall, about 36% of the @entity0 reported symptoms of @entity3 . However, the prevalence of diagnosed @entity2 (8.6%) is less than a quarter of the symptom prevalence rate. This may reflect a generally poor awareness and low health service utilization, or underdiagnosis by health facilities. In conclusion, it appears that the prevalence of @entity2 in Gondar area is high, and there is also wide variation within the country. This calls for further epidemiological studies with more objective assessments of atopy, such as allergen and @entity8 and ecological analysis.

title: Prevalence of symptoms of XXXX and @entity6 in schoolchildren in Gondar town and its vicinity, northwest Ethiopia.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The kinetic analysis of @entity1 oxidation by @entity2 suggested that substrate binding and release occurred in the multiple steps and such events proceeded rapidly. However, the crystal structure of the @entity2 - @entity1 complex reveals that no obvious channel is open enough to allow @entity1 to pass through. Thus, an intriguing and important question arises: how @entity1 enters and exits the active site, which is deeply buried at the center of @entity2 fold. In this study, geometric analysis of the potential openings was first performed on all the available crystal structures of @entity2 . And then, random acceleration molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the possible substrate egress channels in @entity2 . Two channels were most frequently observed. Afterwards, steered molecular dynamics simulations were performed and potentials of mean force were constructed to compare the preference of the two channels serving as the substrate egress channel. The results showed that channel 2c, which is located between helices I and G and the helix B'-C region, was the most likely channel for @entity1 egress. The opening of channel 2c was characterized by a rotation of @entity0 111 together with a bending of helix B'. Our findings will not only be helpful for understanding the unbinding mechanism of @entity1 and for identifying structural determinants related to the biological function of @entity2 , but also provide further insight into the channel selectivity of P450s.

title: Exploring XXXX egress channels in human cytochrome P450 2A6 by random acceleration and steered molecular dynamics simulations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to determine the effect of vaginal pessaries in @entity0 at risk for @entity1 ( @entity1 ). STUDY DESIGN: Transvaginal sonography (TVS) was longitudinally performed to measure cervical length (CL) in 258 singleton at risk for @entity1 and 282 twin pregnancies. Pairs with or without treatment were matched for gestational age and the CL at examination. RESULTS: In 4 singleton and 7 twin pregnancies the CL was < 15 mm before 24 weeks, the mean interval between pessary insertion and delivery was 13 + 2 and 12 + 5 weeks respectively. For the matched control analysis, 12 pairs with singleton and 23 pairs with twin pregnancies were compared. For singleton pregnancies, the mean interval between TVS and delivery was 99 (70-134) days in the treatment and 67 (2-130) days in the control group (p = 0.0184), the mean gestational age at delivery was 38 (36 + 6-41) and 33 + 4 (26-38) weeks respectively (p = 0.02). For twin pregnancies, the interval was 85 (43-129) days in the treatment and 67 (21-100) days in the control group (p = 0.001), gestational age at delivery was 35 + 6 (33-37 + 4) and 33 + 2 (24 + 4-37 + 2) respectively (p = 0.02). Within singleton pregnancies with pessary, there was no @entity1 < 36 weeks compared to 6/12 cases in the control group (p < 0.001). Within twin pregnancies, the rates were 8/23 cases with @entity1 < 36 weeks but none < 32 weeks, compared to 12/23 cases with @entity1 < 36 weeks and 7/23 cases < 32 weeks in the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Insertion of a vaginal pessary may be a cost-effective preventive treatment in @entity0 at risk for @entity1 . Prospective controlled trials are needed.

title: Is treatment with vaginal pessaries an option in XXXX with a sonographically detected short cervix?

answer: @entity0


abstract: A @entity2 pericardial monocusp patch was used in 21 @entity0 with a variety of @entity5 for reconstruction of obstructed right ventricular outflow tract. Two early postoperative @entity1 and one late @entity1 occurred, and these were unrelated to monocusp patch function. Survivors have completed a mean follow-up of 113 months (range 29 to 141 months). They are all asymptomatic, and their physical activity is unrestricted. Seventeen @entity0 have completed more than 5 years of follow-up and, of these, 11 @entity0 have completed more than 10 years of follow-up. Eleven @entity0 have been reinvestigated by sequential postoperative hemodynamic and angiographic studies at mean periods of 16, 48, and 100 months. The mean peak systolic pressure gradient across the right ventricular outflow tract under conditions of normal flow was 13 +/- 2.4 mm Hg at 16 months, and it has shown no significant change when measured at intervals of up to 124 months after the operation. This lack of change suggests effective long-term relief of the outflow tract obstruction. Serial radiographic screening of all @entity0 and angiographic studies in 11 @entity0 disclosed no evidence of graft calcification, @entity4 , or dilatation. The monocusp valve remained functional and effectively abolished or reduced @entity3 . In 11 @entity0 who had residual @entity3 , the regurgitation was mild and, up to 12 years after operation, had not resulted in any adverse clinical sequelae.

title: Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with a XXXX pericardial monocusp patch. Long-term clinical and hemodynamic evaluation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although common in Japan, early @entity4 is rarely seen in Western countries and generally accounts for only 7 to 10 percent of all @entity4 . Eleven @entity0 with early @entity4 seen over a 10 year period have been reviewed for clinical and pathologic features, method of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The symptoms usually consisted of vague @entity2 or @entity7 , but @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity8 were not commonly seen. Barium meal examination was not helpful in the diagnosis in 50 percent of the @entity0 . The diagnosis was made by endoscopic biopsy of abnormal areas of the stomach, although in 6 of 11 @entity0 , there was no macroscopic suspicion of @entity1 . All @entity0 were treated by surgical resection. The @entity1 was confined to the mucosa in five @entity0 and had infiltrated the submucosa in six @entity0 . The lymph nodes were free of @entity1 in every @entity0 . At last follow-up, seven @entity0 had survived more than 5 years after operation and were well, although recurrent @entity1 developed in two @entity0 3 and 4 years postoperatively but were detected early by endoscopic surveillance. Early @entity4 has a good prognosis after surgical resection, but the symptoms are vague and the diagnostic tests can be misleading. A vigorous approach to investigation, treatment, and follow-up is necessary to achieve satisfactory results.

title: Diagnostic and prognostic problems in early XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether it is possible on the basis of ECG examination to judge the haemodynamic impact of @entity4 . METHOD: To compare by retrospective analysis of hospital documentation of @entity0 at the medical department the assessed ECG changes with the echocardiographic finding of @entity1 and @entity3 . As positive an ECG finding was evaluated involving changes of the ST-T segment in VI-V4, S1Q3T3 negative or @entity2 ( @entity2 ). As a positive echocardiographic finding the authors evaluated the size of the right ventricle above 30 mm or the shape of the acceleration curve in the outflow tract of the right ventricle corresponding to @entity1 . RESULTS: The authors analyzed 179 @entity0 with clinically diagnosed @entity4 during the period from Jan. 1 1996 till Dec. 31 2000. A positive ECG finding was recorded in 103 @entity0 , i.e. 57.5%. Echocardiographic examination was made in 112 and 65 of them had a positive ECG. An echocardiographic finding of @entity1 or dilatation of the right ventricle was recorded in 92 @entity0 . In case of positivity of at least one ECG finding an ECG sensitivity of 62% and specificity of 60% was found. In case of changes in the ST-T segment in V1-V4 the sensitivity and specificity was 47% and 70% resp., for S1Q3T3 negative 27% and 80% resp. and PRT @entity5 % and 90% resp. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of ECG changes does not rule out serious @entity4 . The finding of typical ECG changes is very frequently associated with @entity1 , @entity3 and a serious haemodynamic finding.

title: [Importance of the ECG for evaluation of severity of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: We measured airway diameter and quantitated airway pathology scores in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in 37 @entity0 undergoing resection for solitary pulmonary nodules. The @entity0 had FEV1 greater than 75% of the predicted. Measurements of FEV1, @entity3 washout curve (delta N2/L), closing volume as a percentage of vital capacity (CV/VC%), and maximal flow at 50% of VC (V50) were made prior to surgery. There were 22 smokers and 15 nonsmokers. There were more @entity5 per cm2 of tissue than @entity4 (0.74 versus 1.02). The mean internal diameter for @entity5 was 0.55 +/- 0.27 mm; for @entity4 it was 0.47 +/- 0.15 mm. There were more @entity5 greater than 1.0 mm in internal diameter than @entity4 greater than 1.0 mm, and the mean diameter of @entity5 was less than that noted in autopsy specimens. The total pathology scores for all airways were less than those found in Caucasian populations. Pathology scores were higher for @entity5 than for @entity4 , except for pigment deposition. @entity1 scores were higher in @entity0 with FEV1 less than 100% predicted both for @entity4 (p less than 0.05) and for @entity5 (p less than 0.05). FEV1 values correlated with goblet cell metaplasia scores (p less than 0.05) for @entity5 and with @entity2 (p less than 0.05), pigment deposition (p less than 0.05), and intraluminal macrophages (p less than 0.05) for @entity4 . Tests specific for small airways (delta N2/L, V50, CV/VC%) did not correlate with the pathology scores.

title: Small airways disease in XXXX without chronic air-flow limitation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The surgical treatment for cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) fistulas provides closure of the bone and dural defects and prevents the recurrence of @entity1 . The two main approaches used are the transmastoid and middle fossa ones. The authors review the results of performing a modified middle fossa approach with a vascularized temporalis muscle flap to create a barrier between the repaired dural and @entity2 . Fifteen consecutive cases of CSF fistulas treated at the authors' institution were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity0 presented with @entity8 . Eleven @entity0 had previously undergone ear surgery. A middle fossa approach was followed in all cases. The authors used a thin but watertight and vascularly preserved temporalis muscle flap that had been dissected from the medial side of the temporalis muscle and was laid intracranially on the floor of the middle fossa, between the repaired dura mater and petrous bone. The median follow-up period was 2.5 years. None of the @entity0 experienced recurrence of @entity8 or @entity6 . There was no complication related to the intracranial temporalis muscle flap (for example, @entity4 or @entity5 caused by @entity3 ). One @entity0 developed @entity7 , which resolved after the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt 2 months later. The thin, vascularized muscle flap created an excellent barrier against the recurrence of CSF fistulas and also avoided the risk of @entity5 caused by @entity3 . This technique is particularly useful in refractory cases.

title: Vascularized temporalis muscle flap for the treatment of XXXX . Technical note.

answer: @entity8