abstract: We injected @entity3 , @entity2 , saline, and various @entity1 solutions (5, 10, 20 weight/weight) into the right common carotid artery of anesthetized @entity0 . To determine the cardiovascular responses to these injections, we measured and analyzed the changes in mean aortic pressure, mean carotid blood flow and its duration, volume of carotid blood flow, and resistance of carotid vascular bed. The volume change of carotid blood flow was calculated by the integration of blood flow. Mean aortic pressure decreased transiently and then returned to control levels within 10-20 seconds from the beginning of the injection for all agents. Carotid blood flow increased and carotid vascular bed resistance decreased transiently, returning to control levels within 10-20 seconds after the injection; the duration was found to be influenced by the agent's osmolality. Therefore, volume change was analyzed because it is a concurrent index of flow and duration. The cardiovascular response to each test agent was proportional to the agent's osmolality. Pearson's correlation coefficient was the highest between the volume change (increase) of carotid blood flow and the agent's osmolality (r = .8091). Increased volume of carotid blood flow appears to be a useful index for estimating the vasodilatory effects of contrast media. @entity3 caused less severe cardiovascular responses than @entity2 in experimental common carotid angiography; however, the responses were greater than for saline.

title: Cardiovascular responses following the intracarotid injections of ionic and nonionic contrast media compared with various XXXX solutions. Correlation with osmolality.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: An increased incidence of @entity7 has been noted in @entity0 with a @entity2 . These represent a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The charts of all National @entity7 Study Group (NWTSG) @entity0 with @entity7 occurring in a @entity2 were reviewed. METHODS: From 1969 to 1998, 8,617 @entity0 were enrolled in the NWTSG. Forty-one @entity0 were found to have a @entity7 arising in a @entity2 for an incidence of 0.48%. Their records were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Horseshoe kidney was not recognized preoperatively in 13 @entity0 , 10 of whom were evaluated with computed tomography (CT). Four of the 10 also had renal ultrasonography and one an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Two of the 13 were evaluated with an IVP only, and the last had no preoperative imaging studies performed. Stage at presentation was stage I, 10 pts; stage II, 10; stage III, 12; stage IV, 6; stage V, 3. Primary surgical resection was performed in 26 @entity0 , including 23 nephrectomies and 3 partial nephrectomies. Fifteen @entity0 were treated with preoperative chemotherapy after initial biopsy of the @entity1 . The mean total remaining @entity2 after all operations (excluding treatment of relapses) was approximately 75%. @entity4 occurred in 14.6% of @entity0 , including 2 urine leaks, 2 @entity5 , and 1 @entity6 . Two @entity0 had transient @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of @entity2 often was missed on preoperative imaging. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is important in planning the operative approach and may help to decrease complications related to transection of the urinary collecting system. Although 37% of @entity0 with @entity7 arising in a @entity2 were judged inoperable at initial exploration, all were amenable to resection after chemotherapy.

title: The occurrence of @entity7 in XXXX : a report from the National @entity7 Study Group (NWTSG).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: An increased incidence of @entity7 has been noted in @entity0 with a @entity2 . These represent a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The charts of all National @entity7 Study Group (NWTSG) @entity0 with @entity7 occurring in a @entity2 were reviewed. METHODS: From 1969 to 1998, 8,617 @entity0 were enrolled in the NWTSG. Forty-one @entity0 were found to have a @entity7 arising in a @entity2 for an incidence of 0.48%. Their records were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Horseshoe kidney was not recognized preoperatively in 13 @entity0 , 10 of whom were evaluated with computed tomography (CT). Four of the 10 also had renal ultrasonography and one an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Two of the 13 were evaluated with an IVP only, and the last had no preoperative imaging studies performed. Stage at presentation was stage I, 10 pts; stage II, 10; stage III, 12; stage IV, 6; stage V, 3. Primary surgical resection was performed in 26 @entity0 , including 23 nephrectomies and 3 partial nephrectomies. Fifteen @entity0 were treated with preoperative chemotherapy after initial biopsy of the @entity1 . The mean total remaining @entity2 after all operations (excluding treatment of relapses) was approximately 75%. @entity4 occurred in 14.6% of @entity0 , including 2 urine leaks, 2 @entity5 , and 1 @entity6 . Two @entity0 had transient @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of @entity2 often was missed on preoperative imaging. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is important in planning the operative approach and may help to decrease complications related to transection of the urinary collecting system. Although 37% of @entity0 with @entity7 arising in a @entity2 were judged inoperable at initial exploration, all were amenable to resection after chemotherapy.

title: The occurrence of XXXX in @entity2 : a report from the National @entity7 Study Group (NWTSG).

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: An increased incidence of @entity7 has been noted in @entity0 with a @entity2 . These represent a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The charts of all National @entity7 Study Group (NWTSG) @entity0 with @entity7 occurring in a @entity2 were reviewed. METHODS: From 1969 to 1998, 8,617 @entity0 were enrolled in the NWTSG. Forty-one @entity0 were found to have a @entity7 arising in a @entity2 for an incidence of 0.48%. Their records were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Horseshoe kidney was not recognized preoperatively in 13 @entity0 , 10 of whom were evaluated with computed tomography (CT). Four of the 10 also had renal ultrasonography and one an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Two of the 13 were evaluated with an IVP only, and the last had no preoperative imaging studies performed. Stage at presentation was stage I, 10 pts; stage II, 10; stage III, 12; stage IV, 6; stage V, 3. Primary surgical resection was performed in 26 @entity0 , including 23 nephrectomies and 3 partial nephrectomies. Fifteen @entity0 were treated with preoperative chemotherapy after initial biopsy of the @entity1 . The mean total remaining @entity2 after all operations (excluding treatment of relapses) was approximately 75%. @entity4 occurred in 14.6% of @entity0 , including 2 urine leaks, 2 @entity5 , and 1 @entity6 . Two @entity0 had transient @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of @entity2 often was missed on preoperative imaging. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is important in planning the operative approach and may help to decrease complications related to transection of the urinary collecting system. Although 37% of @entity0 with @entity7 arising in a @entity2 were judged inoperable at initial exploration, all were amenable to resection after chemotherapy.

title: The occurrence of @entity7 in @entity2 : a report from the National XXXX Study Group (NWTSG).

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Chronic ear surgery is difficult. The management of such a disease either with or without @entity4 and in an only hearing ear is particularly challenging. Consequences of disease or unintended outcomes of therapy can both result in @entity0 lifestyle alterations of major proportion. This report offers a diagnostic and treatment plan for @entity3 with and without @entity4 in the only hearing ear. METHODS: More than 10,000 charts of @entity0 with @entity3 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-seven charts of @entity0 with @entity3 in an only hearing ear who underwent surgical treatment were identified. The @entity0 were followed for an average time of 43 months. RESULTS: Overall, the @entity3 was well controlled, and there was no change in the average discrimination or hearing thresholds when comparing preoperative and postoperative results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 media with and without @entity4 in an only hearing ear can be treated successfully with hearing preservation. Canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy is performed in most cases. Manipulation of the ossicular chain is avoided, and @entity4 that lies over a potential @entity2 is exteriorized.

title: Management of XXXX in the only hearing ear.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze malpractice litigation initiated by @entity0 with @entity2 as a result of allegations concerning their diagnosis and treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Jury verdict reviews from 1984 to 2000 were obtained from a computerized legal database and analyzed. Reviews compile pertinent data on defendants, plaintiffs, verdict outcomes, indemnity payments, and allegations of wrongdoing and provide case summaries. Fifty cases from 21 of all 50 states were obtained. Data were entered into a spreadsheet for analysis. RESULTS: Overall, a young age (mean age, 45 y) and poor oncological outcome (47% dead) were seen. The younger age group (<47 y) had a better outcome (65% without disease), were more often misdiagnosed (19%), won awards (60%), and had higher awards (average award,  755,824) as compared with those older than 47 years of age, who had 39% without disease, 0% misdiagnosed, and 52% who won awards that were less, on average, at  495,417. Failure to diagnose the @entity1 was alleged, overall, in 43 of 50 cases (86%), and in general practice, dentists, and otolaryngologist in 100%, 85%, and 89%, respectively. Suits alleging a delay in diagnosis of less than 3 months were defendant verdicts in 86%, and of more than 3 months, in 40%. Failures to perform biopsy and to refer were common allegations. CONCLUSIONS: Young age of @entity0 bringing litigation is seen in @entity0 with @entity1 . These @entity0 frequently have poor oncological outcomes. Risk management goals to prevent delays in diagnosis may help prevent subsequent litigation.

title: XXXX and medical malpractice.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effect of @entity4 and @entity6 , given between 2 and 7 days after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, on the mechanical resistance of the infarcted left ventricle to @entity1 or the @entity1 threshold (balloon technique), and on topography (computerized planimetry) and function (two-dimensional echocardiography) at 7 days (n = 32) and 42 days (n = 34) postligation was studied in 66 @entity0 randomly allocated to sham (no @entity3 , n = 22) and @entity3 subgroups (15 controls; 15 received @entity4 , 30 mg oral @entity5 b.i.d.; 14 received @entity6 , 200 mg t.i.d. orally). @entity4 decreased mean arterial and left atrial pressures, decreased diastolic cross-sectional area, and improved systolic function, while @entity6 increased diastolic area. @entity3 subgroups showed @entity3 shrinkage and more @entity3 @entity2 at 6 weeks. Compared with shams, all @entity3 subgroups showed early expansion and thinning, with further marked late thinning in controls. @entity4 produced less expansion and thinning both at 1 and 6 weeks, while @entity6 produced marked early thinning. Rupture threshold was less at 6 weeks than 1 week with controls and @entity6 but remained unchanged with @entity4 . Passive prerupture stiffness was less at 6 weeks than at 1 week in controls but remained unchanged with @entity4 and @entity6 . Thus, reduced expansion and thinning with @entity4 during the first week after @entity3 improved function, mechanical strength, and resistance to distension at 6 weeks.

title: Effect of @entity4 and @entity6 on left ventricular topography and XXXX threshold during healing after myocardial infarction in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effect of @entity4 and @entity6 , given between 2 and 7 days after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, on the mechanical resistance of the infarcted left ventricle to @entity1 or the @entity1 threshold (balloon technique), and on topography (computerized planimetry) and function (two-dimensional echocardiography) at 7 days (n = 32) and 42 days (n = 34) postligation was studied in 66 @entity0 randomly allocated to sham (no @entity3 , n = 22) and @entity3 subgroups (15 controls; 15 received @entity4 , 30 mg oral @entity5 b.i.d.; 14 received @entity6 , 200 mg t.i.d. orally). @entity4 decreased mean arterial and left atrial pressures, decreased diastolic cross-sectional area, and improved systolic function, while @entity6 increased diastolic area. @entity3 subgroups showed @entity3 shrinkage and more @entity3 @entity2 at 6 weeks. Compared with shams, all @entity3 subgroups showed early expansion and thinning, with further marked late thinning in controls. @entity4 produced less expansion and thinning both at 1 and 6 weeks, while @entity6 produced marked early thinning. Rupture threshold was less at 6 weeks than 1 week with controls and @entity6 but remained unchanged with @entity4 . Passive prerupture stiffness was less at 6 weeks than at 1 week in controls but remained unchanged with @entity4 and @entity6 . Thus, reduced expansion and thinning with @entity4 during the first week after @entity3 improved function, mechanical strength, and resistance to distension at 6 weeks.

title: Effect of @entity4 and XXXX on left ventricular topography and @entity1 threshold during healing after myocardial infarction in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The effect of @entity4 and @entity6 , given between 2 and 7 days after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, on the mechanical resistance of the infarcted left ventricle to @entity1 or the @entity1 threshold (balloon technique), and on topography (computerized planimetry) and function (two-dimensional echocardiography) at 7 days (n = 32) and 42 days (n = 34) postligation was studied in 66 @entity0 randomly allocated to sham (no @entity3 , n = 22) and @entity3 subgroups (15 controls; 15 received @entity4 , 30 mg oral @entity5 b.i.d.; 14 received @entity6 , 200 mg t.i.d. orally). @entity4 decreased mean arterial and left atrial pressures, decreased diastolic cross-sectional area, and improved systolic function, while @entity6 increased diastolic area. @entity3 subgroups showed @entity3 shrinkage and more @entity3 @entity2 at 6 weeks. Compared with shams, all @entity3 subgroups showed early expansion and thinning, with further marked late thinning in controls. @entity4 produced less expansion and thinning both at 1 and 6 weeks, while @entity6 produced marked early thinning. Rupture threshold was less at 6 weeks than 1 week with controls and @entity6 but remained unchanged with @entity4 . Passive prerupture stiffness was less at 6 weeks than at 1 week in controls but remained unchanged with @entity4 and @entity6 . Thus, reduced expansion and thinning with @entity4 during the first week after @entity3 improved function, mechanical strength, and resistance to distension at 6 weeks.

title: Effect of XXXX and @entity6 on left ventricular topography and @entity1 threshold during healing after myocardial infarction in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effect of @entity4 and @entity6 , given between 2 and 7 days after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, on the mechanical resistance of the infarcted left ventricle to @entity1 or the @entity1 threshold (balloon technique), and on topography (computerized planimetry) and function (two-dimensional echocardiography) at 7 days (n = 32) and 42 days (n = 34) postligation was studied in 66 @entity0 randomly allocated to sham (no @entity3 , n = 22) and @entity3 subgroups (15 controls; 15 received @entity4 , 30 mg oral @entity5 b.i.d.; 14 received @entity6 , 200 mg t.i.d. orally). @entity4 decreased mean arterial and left atrial pressures, decreased diastolic cross-sectional area, and improved systolic function, while @entity6 increased diastolic area. @entity3 subgroups showed @entity3 shrinkage and more @entity3 @entity2 at 6 weeks. Compared with shams, all @entity3 subgroups showed early expansion and thinning, with further marked late thinning in controls. @entity4 produced less expansion and thinning both at 1 and 6 weeks, while @entity6 produced marked early thinning. Rupture threshold was less at 6 weeks than 1 week with controls and @entity6 but remained unchanged with @entity4 . Passive prerupture stiffness was less at 6 weeks than at 1 week in controls but remained unchanged with @entity4 and @entity6 . Thus, reduced expansion and thinning with @entity4 during the first week after @entity3 improved function, mechanical strength, and resistance to distension at 6 weeks.

title: Effect of @entity4 and @entity6 on left ventricular topography and @entity1 threshold during healing after myocardial infarction in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: There are conflicting reports in the literature concerning the immunotoxic effects of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) on cell-mediated immune responses. In the studies reported here, we show that the in vivo generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in response to allogeneic @entity0 challenge is sensitive to suppression by 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl[(345)2-HxCB], a poorly metabolized, toxic, Ah receptor-binding @entity4 isomer. C57B1/6 @entity1 treated with a single oral dose of (345)2-HxCB two days prior to the i.p. injection of allogeneic @entity1 @entity0 cells exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in peak CTL activity in the spleen. When examined on a kinetic basis, the CTL response was reduced in magnitude on all days examined with no evidence for a shift in the kinetics of the response induced by (345)2-HxCB exposure. (345)2-HxCB exposure prior to antigen challenge (day -14, -7, or -1 relative to P815 injection on day 0) produced significant suppression of the CTL response. (345)2-HxCB exposure 6 weeks prior to antigen challenge was still significantly suppressive, although the reduced degree of suppression suggested that recovery was in progress. When (345)2-HxCB exposure occurred after antigen challenge, significant suppression was produced only when exposure occurred within the first three days of the response, suggesting that, as the CTL matured, their sensitivity to (345)2-HxCB diminished. Clearance of the allogeneic @entity0 cells from the peritoneal cavity was delayed in (345)2-HxCB-treated @entity1 and was associated with an altered composition of the white blood cell infiltrate in the peritoneal cavity. Symptoms of overt @entity2 as well as immunotoxicity were apparent at lower doses of (345)2-HxCB in male as compared to female @entity1 . In addition, interactive effects of (345)2-HxCB exposure and P815 antigen challenge on body weight and thymic involution were observed in both male and female @entity1 . Possible mechanisms for the altered CTL response in (345)2-HxCB-exposed @entity1 are discussed.

title: Suppression of allograft immunity by 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl. I. Effects of exposure on XXXX rejection and cytotoxic T cell activity in vivo.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence, etiology, and outcome of @entity1 after major gynecologic surgery and to recommend management and prevention strategies for these complications. METHODS: The medical records of @entity0 who @entity1 after major pelvic surgery between July 1995 and June 2001 were reviewed. @entity4 , treatment, and outcome were determined from the @entity0 charts. RESULTS: Twenty-three of 1210 @entity0 undergoing major pelvic surgery during the defined period suffered a @entity3 for an incidence of 1.9%. @entity1 involved the obturator (n = 9), ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric (n = 5), genitofemoral (n = 4), femoral (n = 3), and lumbosacral nerve plexus (n = 2) in these @entity0 . Etiologies were a result of direct surgical @entity4 , @entity4 , suture entrapment, or were retractor related. All @entity0 with @entity2 were treated with physiotherapy, and pharmacologic or surgical management was used in @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity5 . Seventy-three percent of the @entity0 experienced full recovery; the only @entity0 with persistent symptoms were those with unrepaired nerve transection or @entity4 . Both time to diagnosis and time to resolution varied widely. CONCLUSION: @entity1 are infrequently associated with major pelvic surgery. We observed a 73% complete recovery rate, and time to resolution varied depending on the severity of injury. Physical therapy plays a valuable role in managing these @entity0 , but some may require surgery for relief of their symptoms.

title: XXXX after major pelvic surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to determine whether there is a correlation between expression of selected major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and the presence of @entity3 and @entity2 of the cervix. We also attempted to determine whether there is a correlation between expression of the selected MHC antigens in each grade of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and invasive @entity3 . METHODS: Quantitative comparative analysis of MHC class I and class II expression between specimens of the uterine cervix was carried out. For detecting human @entity7 molecules, two primary antibodies were used, recognizing either epitopes of all free heavy chain class I molecules or epitopes of the HLA- @entity10 antigen. HLA class II antigens were detected by antibodies reacting with the @entity9 of the HLA-DR molecule. An indirect immunoperoxidase technique was carried out using paraffin-embedded sections. The following groups of sections were formed: squamous metaplasia, @entity6 of different grades, and @entity3 . The specimens were taken from @entity0 in whom routine histopathologic diagnosis of @entity2 had been performed. RESULTS: A significant decrease in the mean number of stained cells showing expression of MHC class I antigens ( @entity11 and @entity10 ) was found in the invasive @entity1 group of specimens. A decrease in @entity10 expression was also found in the @entity6 group. The highest expression of the HLA-DR antigens was detected in the metaplastic epithelium compared to the other groups. In the @entity8 epithelium the expression of the HLA-DR antigens was increased in the highest grade of @entity5 ( @entity6 ). Upregulation of HLA-DR expression was detected in invasive @entity1 specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in MHC expression are found in @entity2 and @entity4 of the uterine cervix. Quantitative assessment with the use of an image analysis system is valuable in helping to discriminate staining patterns of HLA expression. Further studies are indicated to evaluate the prognostic value of the expression of selected MHC antigens.

title: Alterations in the expression of selected MHC antigens in @entity2 and XXXX of the uterine cervix.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to determine whether there is a correlation between expression of selected major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and the presence of @entity3 and @entity2 of the cervix. We also attempted to determine whether there is a correlation between expression of the selected MHC antigens in each grade of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and invasive @entity3 . METHODS: Quantitative comparative analysis of MHC class I and class II expression between specimens of the uterine cervix was carried out. For detecting human @entity7 molecules, two primary antibodies were used, recognizing either epitopes of all free heavy chain class I molecules or epitopes of the HLA- @entity10 antigen. HLA class II antigens were detected by antibodies reacting with the @entity9 of the HLA-DR molecule. An indirect immunoperoxidase technique was carried out using paraffin-embedded sections. The following groups of sections were formed: squamous metaplasia, @entity6 of different grades, and @entity3 . The specimens were taken from @entity0 in whom routine histopathologic diagnosis of @entity2 had been performed. RESULTS: A significant decrease in the mean number of stained cells showing expression of MHC class I antigens ( @entity11 and @entity10 ) was found in the invasive @entity1 group of specimens. A decrease in @entity10 expression was also found in the @entity6 group. The highest expression of the HLA-DR antigens was detected in the metaplastic epithelium compared to the other groups. In the @entity8 epithelium the expression of the HLA-DR antigens was increased in the highest grade of @entity5 ( @entity6 ). Upregulation of HLA-DR expression was detected in invasive @entity1 specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in MHC expression are found in @entity2 and @entity4 of the uterine cervix. Quantitative assessment with the use of an image analysis system is valuable in helping to discriminate staining patterns of HLA expression. Further studies are indicated to evaluate the prognostic value of the expression of selected MHC antigens.

title: Alterations in the expression of selected MHC antigens in XXXX and @entity4 of the uterine cervix.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Major surgery is frequently associated with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in elderly @entity0 . Type of surgery and hospitalization may be important prognostic factors. The aims of the study were to find the incidence and risk factors for @entity1 in elderly @entity0 undergoing minor surgery. METHODS: We enrolled 372 @entity0 aged greater than 60 years scheduled for minor surgery under general anesthesia. According to local practice, @entity0 were allocated to either in- (199) or out- @entity0 (173) care. Cognitive function was assessed using neuropsychological testing preoperatively and 7 days and 3 months postoperatively. @entity1 was defined using Z-score analysis. RESULTS: At 7 days, the incidence (confidence interval) of @entity1 in @entity0 undergoing minor surgery was 6.8% (4.3-10.1). At 3 months the incidence of @entity1 was 6.6% (4.1-10.0). Logistic regression analysis identified the following significant risk factors: age greater than 70 years (odds ratio [OR]: 3.8 [1.7-8.7], P = 0.01) and in- vs. out- @entity0 surgery (OR: 2.8 [1.2-6.3], P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our finding of less @entity1 in the first postoperative week in elderly @entity0 undergoing minor surgery on an out- @entity0 basis supports a strategy of avoiding hospitalization of older @entity0 when possible.

title: XXXX after minor surgery in the elderly.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report three @entity0 with blastic natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma of the skin associated with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) (two @entity0 ) or subacute @entity6 (one @entity0 ). In two @entity0 @entity8 was diagnosed before @entity1 ; the @entity0 with @entity6 initially presented with @entity1 . Our @entity0 had several clinical features in common, namely multiple @entity1 with a @entity10 -like appearance, involvement of the oral mucosa, and good general status at presentation but very rapid deterioration in the course of the disease. All @entity0 died of disease 4-14 months after the diagnosis. Histopathologically, there were cutaneous infiltrates of slightly pleomorphic medium-sized cells expressing @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity12 (focally) and being negative for surface CD3, cytotoxic molecules, B-cell-associated markers and myelomonocytic markers. Erythrocyte extravasation was seen in all @entity0 . T-cell receptor genes were in germline configuration. @entity8 was classified as @entity5 with @entity4 and @entity13 and @entity3 with transition to @entity3 . We reviewed similar cases reported in the literature showing coexistence of @entity7 / @entity6 and @entity8 or @entity6 . We conclude that given an overall limited number of reported cases of @entity7 / @entity6 , its association with various @entity11 seen in a subset of @entity0 ( approximately 15-20%) is more than coincidental and may indicate their common origin.

title: Blastic natural killer-cell lymphoma of the skin associated with @entity8 or XXXX : a coincidence or more?

answer: @entity6


abstract: We report three @entity0 with blastic natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma of the skin associated with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) (two @entity0 ) or subacute @entity6 (one @entity0 ). In two @entity0 @entity8 was diagnosed before @entity1 ; the @entity0 with @entity6 initially presented with @entity1 . Our @entity0 had several clinical features in common, namely multiple @entity1 with a @entity10 -like appearance, involvement of the oral mucosa, and good general status at presentation but very rapid deterioration in the course of the disease. All @entity0 died of disease 4-14 months after the diagnosis. Histopathologically, there were cutaneous infiltrates of slightly pleomorphic medium-sized cells expressing @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity12 (focally) and being negative for surface CD3, cytotoxic molecules, B-cell-associated markers and myelomonocytic markers. Erythrocyte extravasation was seen in all @entity0 . T-cell receptor genes were in germline configuration. @entity8 was classified as @entity5 with @entity4 and @entity13 and @entity3 with transition to @entity3 . We reviewed similar cases reported in the literature showing coexistence of @entity7 / @entity6 and @entity8 or @entity6 . We conclude that given an overall limited number of reported cases of @entity7 / @entity6 , its association with various @entity11 seen in a subset of @entity0 ( approximately 15-20%) is more than coincidental and may indicate their common origin.

title: Blastic natural killer-cell lymphoma of the skin associated with XXXX or @entity6 : a coincidence or more?

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of pregnancy on renal function, and the effect of congenital urinary tract abnormality and reconstruction on pregnancy and delivery. @entity0 AND METHODS: The case notes were reviewed of 20 @entity0 (median age 32.5 years) who had had 29 live babies. Data collected included @entity0 demographics, @entity1 , urological reconstructive procedure(s) and any subsequent urological complications. Pregnancy details, including urological and obstetric complications, presentation and mode of delivery, were obtained via a postal questionnaire from the relevant obstetrician. RESULTS: Seven @entity0 had exstrophy- @entity10 , seven @entity9 , two @entity11 , and one each @entity3 , @entity10 , @entity6 with @entity8 and @entity4 . They had had a mean (range) of 5.7 (1-12) urological reconstructive procedures each. @entity0 with exstrophy- @entity10 had significantly more operations (mean 7.8) than those with @entity9 (mean 4.14) or other diagnoses (mean 2.6) (P < 0.01). At the last follow-up 13 @entity0 had an enterocystoplasty, six a neobladder and one an ileal conduit. @entity12 were @entity2 in 15, upper tract obstruction requiring nephrostomy and stent in three, Mitrofanoff difficulties in two and @entity7 in one. There was no significant deterioration in glomerular filtration rate or serum @entity5 after pregnancy. Only 10 of the births were normal or assisted vaginal deliveries. Seven @entity0 had emergency and 12 had elective Caesarean sections for obstetric indications, including four breech births in the seven @entity0 with vesical exstrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy has no long-term effect on renal function and does not compromise reconstruction. Although there is a substantial complication rate and an increased need for Caesarean section, pregnancy in @entity0 with lower urinary tract reconstruction for congenital urological abnormalities is ultimately safe for both mother and baby. Interdisciplinary co-operation is desirable for a successful outcome.

title: Pregnancy after lower urinary tract reconstruction for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A variety of disease processes can affect the retina and/or the optic nerve, including vascular or @entity1 , inflammatory or infectious disease, and @entity2 . These disease processes may selectively damage certain parts of the retina or optic nerve, and the specific areas that are damaged may have implications for the design of potential therapeutic visual prosthetic devices. Outer @entity5 include age-related @entity6 , pathologic @entity7 , and @entity13 . Although the retinal photoreceptors may be lost, the inner retina is relatively well-preserved in these diseases and may be a target for retinal prosthetic devices. Inner @entity5 include @entity5 such as @entity0 , @entity4 , and @entity5 . Other @entity5 such as @entity11 ( @entity9 , @entity10 ) may affect all retinal layers. Because the inner retinal cells, including the @entity9 cells, may be destroyed in these diseases (inner retinal or whole retinal), prosthetic devices that stimulate the inner retina may not be effective. Common @entity8 include @entity3 , @entity14 , and @entity8 . Because the ganglion cell nerve fibers themselves are damaged, visual prosthetics for these diseases will need to target more distal portions of the visual pathway, such as the visual cortex. Clearly, a sound understanding of @entity12 and @entity8 pathophysiology is critical for designing and choosing the optimal visual prosthetic device.

title: Retinal and XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Cytokines may facilitate lymphocyte traffic by modulating @entity2 structure and lymphocyte binding function in accordance with local tissue requirements. This study investigated whether the morphology of HEVs and their lymphocyte binding ligand are altered following antigenic challenge and evaluated the role of @entity1 in the induction of such changes. The morphology and lymphocyte binding function of mesenteric LN HEVs of GFM exposed to environmental pathogens were compared to those from GFM and conventional @entity0 . Lymph nodes from all @entity0 had microscopically identifiable HEVs. The morphology of HEVs from GFM was not uniform; many HEVs contained flat endothelial cells with sparse cytoplasm and prominent interendothelial gaps. The number of lymphocytes within the lumen and the @entity2 wall was low. In contrast, HEVs from GFME and conventional @entity0 were characterized by cuboidal endothelial cells with plentiful cytoplasm and large numbers of lymphocytes in the vessel wall and lumen. There was no delineation of interendothelial cell borders. Lymphocyte binding to HEVs of lymph node sections from GFM was reduced (mean +/- SEM: 1.08 +/- 0.15) compared to that of conventional @entity0 (1.91 +/- 0.20), P less than 0.003. GFME had augmented lymphocyte binding (2.23 +/- 0.26) to levels comparable with those of conventional @entity0 . GFM injected intraperitoneally with @entity1 , IFN-alpha beta, or diluent resulted in minor changes in @entity2 morphology. By contrast, lymphocyte binding to @entity2 of GFM was more than doubled by the injection of @entity1 (1.95 +/- 0.25), P less than 0.01, but not IFN-alpha beta (0.54 +/- 0.07) or the relevant diluent controls (0.89 +/- 0.11, 0.56 +/- 0.06, respectively). It appears that the @entity2 binding ligand is inducible, and its expression is regulated by at least one immunomodulator, @entity1 . Although short-term exposure of HEVs to @entity1 influenced @entity2 function it caused only minor changes in morphology.

title: High endothelial venule morphology and function are inducible in germ-free @entity0 : a possible role for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cytokines may facilitate lymphocyte traffic by modulating @entity2 structure and lymphocyte binding function in accordance with local tissue requirements. This study investigated whether the morphology of HEVs and their lymphocyte binding ligand are altered following antigenic challenge and evaluated the role of @entity1 in the induction of such changes. The morphology and lymphocyte binding function of mesenteric LN HEVs of GFM exposed to environmental pathogens were compared to those from GFM and conventional @entity0 . Lymph nodes from all @entity0 had microscopically identifiable HEVs. The morphology of HEVs from GFM was not uniform; many HEVs contained flat endothelial cells with sparse cytoplasm and prominent interendothelial gaps. The number of lymphocytes within the lumen and the @entity2 wall was low. In contrast, HEVs from GFME and conventional @entity0 were characterized by cuboidal endothelial cells with plentiful cytoplasm and large numbers of lymphocytes in the vessel wall and lumen. There was no delineation of interendothelial cell borders. Lymphocyte binding to HEVs of lymph node sections from GFM was reduced (mean +/- SEM: 1.08 +/- 0.15) compared to that of conventional @entity0 (1.91 +/- 0.20), P less than 0.003. GFME had augmented lymphocyte binding (2.23 +/- 0.26) to levels comparable with those of conventional @entity0 . GFM injected intraperitoneally with @entity1 , IFN-alpha beta, or diluent resulted in minor changes in @entity2 morphology. By contrast, lymphocyte binding to @entity2 of GFM was more than doubled by the injection of @entity1 (1.95 +/- 0.25), P less than 0.01, but not IFN-alpha beta (0.54 +/- 0.07) or the relevant diluent controls (0.89 +/- 0.11, 0.56 +/- 0.06, respectively). It appears that the @entity2 binding ligand is inducible, and its expression is regulated by at least one immunomodulator, @entity1 . Although short-term exposure of HEVs to @entity1 influenced @entity2 function it caused only minor changes in morphology.

title: High endothelial venule morphology and function are inducible in germ-free XXXX : a possible role for @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A dye exclusion method was used for testing the sensitivity of primary @entity0 @entity3 and normal bone-marrow cells to interferon ( @entity4 ). Following 4 days of incubation with 5000 units/ml of natural (n) @entity4 , there was a greater than 90% decrease in the number of viable @entity3 cells in cultures from some @entity0 , whereas @entity3 cells from other @entity0 showed intermediate or no sensitivity to @entity4 . The number of viable non-malignant bone-marrow cells (from the same @entity0 ) following a 4-day exposure to nIFN-alpha (5000 units/ml) decreased by 10-60%. Exposure of malignant and non-malignant bone-marrow cells to natural beta- and recombinant alpha- and gamma- @entity4 , also induced a decrease in the number of viable cells. The decreased number of viable @entity3 cells could be observed already after 1 day of exposure to @entity4 in vitro. To test whether inhibition of proliferation could account for the observed effects, proliferation, as measured by @entity2 uptake, was studied in some experiments. Only approx. 1-2% of the @entity3 cells were labeled with @entity2 during the 4 days of culture in vitro, whereas the proportion of labeled non-malignant cells was approx. 40%. Thus, the @entity4 -induced reduction of cell number in normal bone-marrow cells could possibly be attributed to a cell multiplication inhibitory effect of @entity4 , whereas the effect observed in @entity3 cells cannot be attributed to cell multiplication inhibition. To test the possibility that the reduction in the number of @entity3 cells could be attributed to the activity of autologous cytotoxic T-cells, NK-cells or macrophages, these cells were depleted in some experiments. Depletion of these cells did not, however, influence the @entity4 -induced decrease in the number of viable @entity3 cells. We thus conclude that @entity4 can reduce the number of viable @entity1 cells by a cytotoxic effect, unrelated to cell multiplication inhibition.

title: Interferon exerts a cytotoxic effect on primary @entity0 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A dye exclusion method was used for testing the sensitivity of primary @entity0 @entity3 and normal bone-marrow cells to interferon ( @entity4 ). Following 4 days of incubation with 5000 units/ml of natural (n) @entity4 , there was a greater than 90% decrease in the number of viable @entity3 cells in cultures from some @entity0 , whereas @entity3 cells from other @entity0 showed intermediate or no sensitivity to @entity4 . The number of viable non-malignant bone-marrow cells (from the same @entity0 ) following a 4-day exposure to nIFN-alpha (5000 units/ml) decreased by 10-60%. Exposure of malignant and non-malignant bone-marrow cells to natural beta- and recombinant alpha- and gamma- @entity4 , also induced a decrease in the number of viable cells. The decreased number of viable @entity3 cells could be observed already after 1 day of exposure to @entity4 in vitro. To test whether inhibition of proliferation could account for the observed effects, proliferation, as measured by @entity2 uptake, was studied in some experiments. Only approx. 1-2% of the @entity3 cells were labeled with @entity2 during the 4 days of culture in vitro, whereas the proportion of labeled non-malignant cells was approx. 40%. Thus, the @entity4 -induced reduction of cell number in normal bone-marrow cells could possibly be attributed to a cell multiplication inhibitory effect of @entity4 , whereas the effect observed in @entity3 cells cannot be attributed to cell multiplication inhibition. To test the possibility that the reduction in the number of @entity3 cells could be attributed to the activity of autologous cytotoxic T-cells, NK-cells or macrophages, these cells were depleted in some experiments. Depletion of these cells did not, however, influence the @entity4 -induced decrease in the number of viable @entity3 cells. We thus conclude that @entity4 can reduce the number of viable @entity1 cells by a cytotoxic effect, unrelated to cell multiplication inhibition.

title: Interferon exerts a cytotoxic effect on primary XXXX @entity3 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ability to deform is important for circulating RBCs in vivo, and earlier studies showed that this property can objectively be measured in vitro by the LORCA. In this study it was investigated whether photodynamic treatment of @entity0 RBCs (meant to inactivate contaminating pathogens) affects deformability. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: WBC-reduced RBC suspensions (30% Hct) were treated with @entity5 ( @entity6 ) and red light. Changes in deformability were analyzed by LORCA measurements, in which elongation of the cells is measured at increasing shear stress. The effect of @entity6 concentration and light dose was determined as well as the interfering effect of two scavengers of reactive @entity1 species, that is, @entity4 and @entity7 . RESULTS: Photodynamic treatment with @entity6 resulted in clear changes in @entity2 . Deformability changes occurred before onset of @entity3 . Under relatively mild treatment conditions, especially deformability at low shear stress was decreased, whereas deformability changes at high shear stress only occurred under harsher treatment conditions. Inclusion of @entity4 and/or @entity7 primarily prevented deformability changes at high shear stress. CONCLUSION: LORCA measurements can effectively be used to detect changes in deformability that are induced by photodynamic treatment of @entity0 RBCs. A change in deformability represents an early marker of RBC damage under these conditions.

title: Laser-assisted optical rotational cell analyzer measurements reveal early changes in @entity0 XXXX induced by photodynamic treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ability to deform is important for circulating RBCs in vivo, and earlier studies showed that this property can objectively be measured in vitro by the LORCA. In this study it was investigated whether photodynamic treatment of @entity0 RBCs (meant to inactivate contaminating pathogens) affects deformability. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: WBC-reduced RBC suspensions (30% Hct) were treated with @entity5 ( @entity6 ) and red light. Changes in deformability were analyzed by LORCA measurements, in which elongation of the cells is measured at increasing shear stress. The effect of @entity6 concentration and light dose was determined as well as the interfering effect of two scavengers of reactive @entity1 species, that is, @entity4 and @entity7 . RESULTS: Photodynamic treatment with @entity6 resulted in clear changes in @entity2 . Deformability changes occurred before onset of @entity3 . Under relatively mild treatment conditions, especially deformability at low shear stress was decreased, whereas deformability changes at high shear stress only occurred under harsher treatment conditions. Inclusion of @entity4 and/or @entity7 primarily prevented deformability changes at high shear stress. CONCLUSION: LORCA measurements can effectively be used to detect changes in deformability that are induced by photodynamic treatment of @entity0 RBCs. A change in deformability represents an early marker of RBC damage under these conditions.

title: Laser-assisted optical rotational cell analyzer measurements reveal early changes in XXXX @entity2 induced by photodynamic treatment.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Aerobic growth of @entity3 results in production of amounts of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) that may exceed 1 mM in the surrounding media. @entity2 production by @entity6 has been shown to kill or inhibit the growth of other respiratory tract flora, as well as to have cytotoxic effects on host cells and tissue. The mechanisms allowing @entity6 , a catalase-deficient species, to survive endogenously generated concentrations of @entity2 that are sufficient to kill other bacterial species is unknown. In the present study, @entity7 oxidase (SpxB), the enzyme responsible for endogenous @entity2 production, was required for survival during exposure to high levels (20 mM) of exogenously added @entity2 . Pretreatment with @entity2 did not increase @entity2 resistance in the mutant, suggesting that SpxB activity itself is required, rather than an @entity2 -inducible pathway. SpxB mutants synthesized 85% less @entity9 , a potential source of @entity5 . During @entity2 exposure, @entity5 levels decreased more rapidly in spxB mutants than in wild-type cells, suggesting that the increased killing of spxB mutants was due to more rapid @entity5 depletion. Together, these data support the hypothesis that @entity6 SpxB contributes to an @entity2 -resistant energy source that maintains viability during oxidative stress. Thus, SpxB is required for resistance to the toxic by-product of its own activity. Although @entity2 -dependent @entity8 radical production and the intracellular concentration of free @entity0 were similar to that of @entity4 , killing by @entity2 was unaffected by @entity0 chelators, suggesting that @entity6 has a novel mechanism to avoid the toxic effects of the Fenton reaction.

title: Factors contributing to XXXX resistance in @entity3 include @entity7 oxidase (SpxB) and avoidance of the toxic effects of the fenton reaction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Aerobic growth of @entity3 results in production of amounts of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) that may exceed 1 mM in the surrounding media. @entity2 production by @entity6 has been shown to kill or inhibit the growth of other respiratory tract flora, as well as to have cytotoxic effects on host cells and tissue. The mechanisms allowing @entity6 , a catalase-deficient species, to survive endogenously generated concentrations of @entity2 that are sufficient to kill other bacterial species is unknown. In the present study, @entity7 oxidase (SpxB), the enzyme responsible for endogenous @entity2 production, was required for survival during exposure to high levels (20 mM) of exogenously added @entity2 . Pretreatment with @entity2 did not increase @entity2 resistance in the mutant, suggesting that SpxB activity itself is required, rather than an @entity2 -inducible pathway. SpxB mutants synthesized 85% less @entity9 , a potential source of @entity5 . During @entity2 exposure, @entity5 levels decreased more rapidly in spxB mutants than in wild-type cells, suggesting that the increased killing of spxB mutants was due to more rapid @entity5 depletion. Together, these data support the hypothesis that @entity6 SpxB contributes to an @entity2 -resistant energy source that maintains viability during oxidative stress. Thus, SpxB is required for resistance to the toxic by-product of its own activity. Although @entity2 -dependent @entity8 radical production and the intracellular concentration of free @entity0 were similar to that of @entity4 , killing by @entity2 was unaffected by @entity0 chelators, suggesting that @entity6 has a novel mechanism to avoid the toxic effects of the Fenton reaction.

title: Factors contributing to @entity1 resistance in XXXX include @entity7 oxidase (SpxB) and avoidance of the toxic effects of the fenton reaction.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Aerobic growth of @entity3 results in production of amounts of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) that may exceed 1 mM in the surrounding media. @entity2 production by @entity6 has been shown to kill or inhibit the growth of other respiratory tract flora, as well as to have cytotoxic effects on host cells and tissue. The mechanisms allowing @entity6 , a catalase-deficient species, to survive endogenously generated concentrations of @entity2 that are sufficient to kill other bacterial species is unknown. In the present study, @entity7 oxidase (SpxB), the enzyme responsible for endogenous @entity2 production, was required for survival during exposure to high levels (20 mM) of exogenously added @entity2 . Pretreatment with @entity2 did not increase @entity2 resistance in the mutant, suggesting that SpxB activity itself is required, rather than an @entity2 -inducible pathway. SpxB mutants synthesized 85% less @entity9 , a potential source of @entity5 . During @entity2 exposure, @entity5 levels decreased more rapidly in spxB mutants than in wild-type cells, suggesting that the increased killing of spxB mutants was due to more rapid @entity5 depletion. Together, these data support the hypothesis that @entity6 SpxB contributes to an @entity2 -resistant energy source that maintains viability during oxidative stress. Thus, SpxB is required for resistance to the toxic by-product of its own activity. Although @entity2 -dependent @entity8 radical production and the intracellular concentration of free @entity0 were similar to that of @entity4 , killing by @entity2 was unaffected by @entity0 chelators, suggesting that @entity6 has a novel mechanism to avoid the toxic effects of the Fenton reaction.

title: Factors contributing to @entity1 resistance in @entity3 include XXXX oxidase (SpxB) and avoidance of the toxic effects of the fenton reaction.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The three-dimensional architecture of the autonomic nerve terminals in the @entity1 exocrine pancreas was investigated by scanning electron microscopy using the @entity3 -digestion method as well as by transmission electron microscopy. Unmyelinated nerves presumed to be autonomic in nature were found in networks covering the outer layers of arterioles and their capillary extensions, with nerve fibers often leaving the capillaries to surround acini in the interacinar spaces. Schwann cells formed scaffolds for axons of the networks. No other distinct type of cells such as the so-called interstitial cells of Cajal were found to be associated with the formation of the networks. Although nerve fibers of the networks were locally in close association with the walls of the blood vessels or with the bases of acinar cells, no specialized axonal contacts with these tissues were found. However, @entity0 , presumably varicosities, were observed by scanning electron microscopy on the surface of nerves. These findings suggest that the networks of unmyelinated nerves represent terminal apparatuses of the autonomic nerves in the pancreas. Schwann cells in the terminal networks were characterized by an unusual abundance of cell organelles. These "terminal Schwann cells" well correspond in location and reticular extension to the "interstitial cells of Cajal" as demonstrated by @entity2 impregnation and vital @entity4 staining. The occurrence of well developed Golgi apparatuses, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and numerous ribosomes suggests that the cells are specialized Schwann cells which most likely require high levels of cellular activity in order to maintain their elaborate cytoplasmic processes extending along the terminal networks, and also to sustain the specific functions of axon terminals.

title: Autonomic nerve networks in the XXXX exocrine pancreas as revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity7 with persistent conduction blocks is classically described as a @entity4 @entity1 with progressive onset, and acute forms have not previously been characterised. We report four cases of severe @entity3 with acute and generalised onset and with persistent motor conduction blocks. @entity0 AND RESULTS: An acute tetraparesis with diffuse areflexia but little or no sensory disturbance was the clinical picture. Serial electrophysiological tests showed persistent multifocal motor conduction blocks with absent F waves in most tested motor nerves. No or minor @entity2 potentials were observed. Cerebrospinal fluid contained normal or mildly increased protein levels (<1 g/l) without cells. @entity10 serology was negative in three @entity0 and consistent with past @entity5 in one patient. Anti- @entity8 antibodies were positive in three @entity0 . A five day course of intravenous immunoglobulins produced nearly complete symptom resolution in three @entity0 and was ineffective in one @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Because of the persistence of multifocal motor conduction blocks for several weeks or months as the isolated electrophysiological feature, these cases could not be consistent with @entity9 or @entity4 inflammatory demyelinating @entity6 . They suggest an original variant of @entity7 with an acute and generalised initial presentation and persistent motor conduction blocks affecting all four limbs.

title: A variant of XXXX with acute, generalised presentation and persistent conduction blocks.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity2 is caused by a defect in coagulation factor @entity5 , a protein that undergoes extensive proteolysis during its activation and inactivation. To determine whether some cases of @entity2 are caused by mutations in important cleavage sites, we screened @entity0 DNA samples for mutations in these sites by a two-step process. Regions of interest were amplified from genomic DNA by repeated rounds of primer-directed DNA synthesis. The amplified DNAs were then screened for mutations by discriminant hybridization using oligonucleotide probes. Two cleavage site mutations were found in a survey of 215 @entity0 . A nonsense mutation in the activated protein C cleavage site at @entity4 336 was discovered in a @entity0 with severe @entity2 . In another severely affected @entity0 , a mis-sense mutation results in a substitution of @entity3 for @entity1 in the thrombin activation site at @entity4 1689. This defect is associated with no detectable factor @entity5 activity, but with normal levels of factor @entity5 antigen. The severe @entity2 in this @entity0 was sporadic; analysis of the mother suggested that the mutation originated in her gametes or during her embryogenesis. The results demonstrate that this approach can be used to identify factor @entity5 gene mutations in regions of the molecule known to be important for function.

title: Mutations of factor @entity5 cleavage sites in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is caused by a defect in coagulation factor @entity5 , a protein that undergoes extensive proteolysis during its activation and inactivation. To determine whether some cases of @entity2 are caused by mutations in important cleavage sites, we screened @entity0 DNA samples for mutations in these sites by a two-step process. Regions of interest were amplified from genomic DNA by repeated rounds of primer-directed DNA synthesis. The amplified DNAs were then screened for mutations by discriminant hybridization using oligonucleotide probes. Two cleavage site mutations were found in a survey of 215 @entity0 . A nonsense mutation in the activated protein C cleavage site at @entity4 336 was discovered in a @entity0 with severe @entity2 . In another severely affected @entity0 , a mis-sense mutation results in a substitution of @entity3 for @entity1 in the thrombin activation site at @entity4 1689. This defect is associated with no detectable factor @entity5 activity, but with normal levels of factor @entity5 antigen. The severe @entity2 in this @entity0 was sporadic; analysis of the mother suggested that the mutation originated in her gametes or during her embryogenesis. The results demonstrate that this approach can be used to identify factor @entity5 gene mutations in regions of the molecule known to be important for function.

title: Mutations of factor XXXX cleavage sites in @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elderly @entity0 with previous organ damage are at risk for minor @entity1 after major surgery. Spinal catheter analgesia is used whenever possible in this group and enables regular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling. @entity8 , a @entity2 blocker, may have neuroprotective effects. We examined whether preoperative treatment with @entity8 affects ischemic markers in the CSF during extracranial surgery. METHODS: We performed a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in @entity0 (ASA III or IV, 65-85 years) that underwent elective implantation surgery of the hip joint with intrathecal catheter anesthesia. Starting 15 h before surgery, @entity0 received either 30 microg x kg(-1) h(-1) of @entity8 (n = 20) or 0.9% saline solution (placebo, n = 23) as a central venous infusion. The concentrations of neuron-specific enolase, @entity7 , @entity5 -kinase, @entity4 and pH in the CSF were determined before and immediately after surgery as well as 6 and 24 h after surgery. RESULTS: Before surgery, the baseline CSF pH was normal in all @entity0 . Immediately after surgery it fell significantly to 7.08 +/- 0.29 in the placebo group and non-significantly to 7.27 +/- 0.38 in the treatment group; all values were normalized at 6 and 24 h after surgery in both groups. In the placebo group, @entity4 levels rose significantly from 1.48 +/- 0.28 mmol l(-1) before surgery to 1.77 +/- 0.27 mmol l(-1) immediately after surgery, and to 2.03 +/- 0.32 mmol l(-1) 24 h after surgery. In the treatment group, @entity4 concentrations remained stable up to 6 h after surgery (1.55-1.62 mmol l-1), while an increase to 2.10 +/- 0.48 mmol l(-1) was observed 24 h after the operation. Neuron-specific enolase, hypo- @entity6 and @entity5 -kinase showed no change in either group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, preoperative @entity8 treatment reduced intraoperative CSF @entity3 and delayed surgery-related increases in @entity4 concentration in the CSF by several hours in elderly, comorbid @entity0 at risk for @entity1 .

title: Perioperative changes in cerebral ischemic markers in the cerebrospinal fluid after preoperative XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity1 of the skin and nails is a common problem in remote Aboriginal communities of the Top End of Australia. A retrospective study was performed on data collected from 104 @entity0 from several indigenous communities. Worksheets were filled in by district medical officers and rural general practitioners, detailing the extent of the @entity1 . @entity0 were prescribed between 4 and 12 weeks of 250 mg daily oral @entity2 . Fifty-two @entity0 were followed up, with 45 having a good response to treatment (87%) and with 22 of these @entity0 having full clearance of @entity1 (42%). A prospective study with 44 subjects was performed. The extent of the @entity1 was documented and fungal scrapings/clippings were taken. Forty subjects were recruited and given oral @entity2 (2-12 weeks depending on skin/nail involvement) or topical @entity2 if oral treatment was contraindicated. Twenty-five of the 40 (63%) subjects were reviewed. Twenty-three (92%) subjects that were followed up improved clinically, with 8/25 (32%) clearing completely. Twenty (80%) of followed-up @entity0 complied fully with treatment. @entity2 was found to be a well-tolerated and effective treatment of @entity1 of the skin and nails.

title: Use of XXXX for @entity1 in Australian Aboriginal communities in the Top End.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 of the skin and nails is a common problem in remote Aboriginal communities of the Top End of Australia. A retrospective study was performed on data collected from 104 @entity0 from several indigenous communities. Worksheets were filled in by district medical officers and rural general practitioners, detailing the extent of the @entity1 . @entity0 were prescribed between 4 and 12 weeks of 250 mg daily oral @entity2 . Fifty-two @entity0 were followed up, with 45 having a good response to treatment (87%) and with 22 of these @entity0 having full clearance of @entity1 (42%). A prospective study with 44 subjects was performed. The extent of the @entity1 was documented and fungal scrapings/clippings were taken. Forty subjects were recruited and given oral @entity2 (2-12 weeks depending on skin/nail involvement) or topical @entity2 if oral treatment was contraindicated. Twenty-five of the 40 (63%) subjects were reviewed. Twenty-three (92%) subjects that were followed up improved clinically, with 8/25 (32%) clearing completely. Twenty (80%) of followed-up @entity0 complied fully with treatment. @entity2 was found to be a well-tolerated and effective treatment of @entity1 of the skin and nails.

title: Use of @entity2 for XXXX in Australian Aboriginal communities in the Top End.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate an outbreak of @entity2 -resistant @entity1 (CRPA) in a urology ward. METHODS: @entity0 infected or colonized with CRPA were prospectively identified by daily laboratory surveillance. Routine infection-control measures were reinforced, disinfection protocols were revised, and a surveillance program was set up, analyzing cross-transmission in the nursing ward and environment cultures from urology wards and the operating theater. CRPA isolates from clinical and environment samples were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), following XbaI and SpeI restriction. RESULTS: From February 1998 to September 2000, 59 adult urology @entity0 were colonized or infected by CRPA. All @entity0 had been operated on prior to identification of the CRPA isolate and 79% of these procedures were performed in the same cystoscopy room. No @entity0 had received prior @entity2 therapy. No cross-transmission was detected, and environment cultures from the urology ward and theater were negative except for five samples collected in the cystoscopy room. PFGE identified a single clone in the isolates from different @entity0 and the environment samples. CONCLUSIONS: The PFGE analysis indicated that the CRPA outbreak resulted from the contamination of the cystoscopy room via an unsealed drain. The outbreak ended when the drain was sealed.

title: An outbreak of @entity2 -resistant XXXX in a urology ward.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate an outbreak of @entity2 -resistant @entity1 (CRPA) in a urology ward. METHODS: @entity0 infected or colonized with CRPA were prospectively identified by daily laboratory surveillance. Routine infection-control measures were reinforced, disinfection protocols were revised, and a surveillance program was set up, analyzing cross-transmission in the nursing ward and environment cultures from urology wards and the operating theater. CRPA isolates from clinical and environment samples were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), following XbaI and SpeI restriction. RESULTS: From February 1998 to September 2000, 59 adult urology @entity0 were colonized or infected by CRPA. All @entity0 had been operated on prior to identification of the CRPA isolate and 79% of these procedures were performed in the same cystoscopy room. No @entity0 had received prior @entity2 therapy. No cross-transmission was detected, and environment cultures from the urology ward and theater were negative except for five samples collected in the cystoscopy room. PFGE identified a single clone in the isolates from different @entity0 and the environment samples. CONCLUSIONS: The PFGE analysis indicated that the CRPA outbreak resulted from the contamination of the cystoscopy room via an unsealed drain. The outbreak ended when the drain was sealed.

title: An outbreak of XXXX -resistant @entity1 in a urology ward.

answer: @entity2


abstract: From 1974 to 1984, 307 @entity0 with @entity2 (Stage A2, B, or C) were referred to the Hunter Radiation Therapy Center, Yale-New Haven Hospital for definitive radiation therapy. One hundred forty-one @entity0 underwent an interstitial @entity3 -125 implant (IMP) and 166 @entity0 received external beam irradiation (EB). For IMP @entity0 with Stage A2, B, and @entity1 , the actuarial 5-year disease-free survival (NED) rates were 88%, 84%, and 38% and the 9-year NED survival rates were 88%, 62%, and 30%, respectively. For EB @entity0 with Stage A2, B, and @entity1 , the 5-year NED survival rates were 88%, 77%, and 43% and the 9-year NED survival rates were 74%, 63%, and 37%, respectively. The NED survival rates by histologic grade were equivalent for the IMP and EB @entity0 . The absolute local control rate (LCR) was 77% for all of the IMP @entity0 but if one excludes @entity0 who were inadequately treated, the LCR was 82%. LCR in the EB @entity0 was 86%. The LCR for Stage A2, B, and C @entity0 treated with EB was 100%, 94%, and 82%, respectively. The LCR for Stage A2, B, and C @entity0 treated with an adequate IMP was 100%, 83%, and 71%, respectively. The complication rate was 8.5% in the IMP @entity0 (with 0% severe complications) and 14% in the EB @entity0 (with 3% severe complications). Our results indicate that a carefully selected group of IMP @entity0 (Stage A2, B) will have an equivalent NED survival rate and an excellent LCR compared to EB @entity0 but with fewer and less severe side effects.

title: XXXX -125 implants versus external beam therapy for stages A2, B, and @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: From 1974 to 1984, 307 @entity0 with @entity2 (Stage A2, B, or C) were referred to the Hunter Radiation Therapy Center, Yale-New Haven Hospital for definitive radiation therapy. One hundred forty-one @entity0 underwent an interstitial @entity3 -125 implant (IMP) and 166 @entity0 received external beam irradiation (EB). For IMP @entity0 with Stage A2, B, and @entity1 , the actuarial 5-year disease-free survival (NED) rates were 88%, 84%, and 38% and the 9-year NED survival rates were 88%, 62%, and 30%, respectively. For EB @entity0 with Stage A2, B, and @entity1 , the 5-year NED survival rates were 88%, 77%, and 43% and the 9-year NED survival rates were 74%, 63%, and 37%, respectively. The NED survival rates by histologic grade were equivalent for the IMP and EB @entity0 . The absolute local control rate (LCR) was 77% for all of the IMP @entity0 but if one excludes @entity0 who were inadequately treated, the LCR was 82%. LCR in the EB @entity0 was 86%. The LCR for Stage A2, B, and C @entity0 treated with EB was 100%, 94%, and 82%, respectively. The LCR for Stage A2, B, and C @entity0 treated with an adequate IMP was 100%, 83%, and 71%, respectively. The complication rate was 8.5% in the IMP @entity0 (with 0% severe complications) and 14% in the EB @entity0 (with 3% severe complications). Our results indicate that a carefully selected group of IMP @entity0 (Stage A2, B) will have an equivalent NED survival rate and an excellent LCR compared to EB @entity0 but with fewer and less severe side effects.

title: @entity3 -125 implants versus external beam therapy for stages A2, B, and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is usually considered an indolent disease, but it may progress during its natural course into @entity2 ( @entity2 ); however, an influence of myelosuppressive agents in the blastic transformation of @entity3 cannot be excluded. We performed a retrospective study to assess the incidence of @entity2 in @entity3 @entity0 treated with @entity4 (PB) as first-line therapy. One hundred and sixty-four @entity0 with @entity3 were managed with PB at a dose of 1 mg/kg/d until a stable platelet count below 400 x 10(9)/l was achieved. Maintenance therapy was given at a planned dose ranging between 0.2 and 1 mg/kg/d according to platelet count, in all cases, with a median daily dose of 25 mg (range 7-75 mg/d). The median treatment time was 100 months (range 25-243 months). The @entity0 were evaluated for the occurrence of @entity2 and/or secondary @entity1 and survival end-points. @entity2 was observed in nine @entity0 (5.5%) after a median treatment time of 153 months (range 79-227 months). The overall survival (OS) and the event-free survival (EFS) at 120 months were 95% and 97%, whereas at 180 months, they were 84% and 76% respectively. In conclusion, this retrospective analysis shows a low incidence of @entity2 in a large group of @entity0 consecutively treated with PB as first-line chemotherapy. Therefore, an investigation of the role of myelosuppressive agents in the blastic transformation of @entity3 would be of interest.

title: Long-term evaluation of 164 @entity0 with essential thrombocythaemia treated with XXXX : occurrence of leukaemic evolution.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is usually considered an indolent disease, but it may progress during its natural course into @entity2 ( @entity2 ); however, an influence of myelosuppressive agents in the blastic transformation of @entity3 cannot be excluded. We performed a retrospective study to assess the incidence of @entity2 in @entity3 @entity0 treated with @entity4 (PB) as first-line therapy. One hundred and sixty-four @entity0 with @entity3 were managed with PB at a dose of 1 mg/kg/d until a stable platelet count below 400 x 10(9)/l was achieved. Maintenance therapy was given at a planned dose ranging between 0.2 and 1 mg/kg/d according to platelet count, in all cases, with a median daily dose of 25 mg (range 7-75 mg/d). The median treatment time was 100 months (range 25-243 months). The @entity0 were evaluated for the occurrence of @entity2 and/or secondary @entity1 and survival end-points. @entity2 was observed in nine @entity0 (5.5%) after a median treatment time of 153 months (range 79-227 months). The overall survival (OS) and the event-free survival (EFS) at 120 months were 95% and 97%, whereas at 180 months, they were 84% and 76% respectively. In conclusion, this retrospective analysis shows a low incidence of @entity2 in a large group of @entity0 consecutively treated with PB as first-line chemotherapy. Therefore, an investigation of the role of myelosuppressive agents in the blastic transformation of @entity3 would be of interest.

title: Long-term evaluation of 164 XXXX with essential thrombocythaemia treated with @entity4 : occurrence of leukaemic evolution.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the case of a laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in which the preoperative evaluation of the @entity0 gave no indication of the surgical difficulties that were encountered intraoperatively, resulting in @entity3 , a suspected @entity6 , and emergency conversion of the procedure from laparoscopic to open donor nephrectomy. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 59-yr-old @entity0 - height: 175 cm, weight: 85.5 kg, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I - presented as kidney donor for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. He was healthy, on no medication, and had no previous abdominal surgery or diseases of the urinary tract. The preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan evaluation of his kidneys confirmed this by reporting a normal bilateral renal and renal vascular anatomy. In contradiction to the preoperative CT scan findings, the surgeon discovered abnormalities in the operative field. This included extensive @entity4 surrounding the left kidney, @entity5 near the right hilum, and a large branch lumbar vein entering the renal vein. The large branch lumbar vein was clipped but the clips dislodged, causing significant @entity2 , and a suspected gas embolus. The procedure was converted to an emergency open donor nephrectomy. Postoperatively the @entity0 made a full recovery. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomies, though usually performed on healthy individuals, have their pitfalls, and complications during this procedure can be sudden and serious. As shown in this case, although CT scan results are regarded as reliable, they can be misleading. As an anesthetic precaution for @entity6 during laparoscopic procedures, @entity7 should be avoided and the @entity0 be ventilated with 100% @entity1 .

title: Unexpected surgical difficulties leading to XXXX and gas embolus during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: a case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 9-year-old @entity0 with @entity4 underwent splenectomy and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Her HLA-identical brother with normal @entity2 -beta-glucosidase activity served as donor. One month after transplantation, @entity2 -beta-glucosidase activity in the lymphocytes were normal. Plasma glucosylceramide normalized already after splenectomy and further decreased after marrow transplantation. @entity5 in the erythrocytes was normal around a year after transplantation. The enlarged liver normalized in size by 2 years. Gaucher cells were still present in the bone marrow 1 year after transplantation but had completely disappeared at 3 years. The @entity0 has grown 29 cm during the 5 years that have passed after transplantation compared to 1 cm/year during 3 years before. The @entity0 has a @entity1 , and @entity3 have appeared. Wechsler intelligence scale performance has slowly decreased after transplantation. This may be caused by continued neuronal storage of @entity5 . Otherwise, this @entity0 is active and healthy 5 years after bone marrow transplantation.

title: Long-term follow-up of the first successful bone marrow transplantation in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Microperoxidase (MP) was used to investigate the cytological and functional features of preosteoclasts and osteoclasts during @entity0 alveolar bone development. We observed mononuclear cells as preosteoclasts and multinuclear cells with and without @entity1 ( @entity1 ). In the bone facing multinuclear cells with @entity1 as active osteoclasts, MP was extensively deposited along the external bone matrix undergoing resorption, and was phagocytosed with bone components into the vacuoles of osteoclasts. Neither preosteoclasts nor multinuclear cells without @entity1 took up MP and bone components. Only multinuclear cells with @entity1 seemed to resorb bone. Monocytes/macrophages (MMP) phagocytosed MP through all regions of the plasma membrane, whereas osteoclasts took up MP only through the @entity1 which was a part of the plasma membrane. Endogenous peroxidase was detected in the MMP but not in preosteoclasts and osteoclasts. Thus, osteoclasts were considerably different from the MMP. The numbers of MMP were extremely few close to the osteoclasts, whereas moderate numbers of preosteoclasts were located close to the osteoclasts. Except for the nucleus and @entity1 , there were many morphological similarities between preosteoclasts and osteoclasts. We therefore suggest that preosteoclasts, rather than MMP, are the precursors of osteoclasts during alveolar bone development of neonatal @entity0 .

title: Cytological and functional studies of preosteoclasts and osteoclasts in the alveolar bones from neonatal XXXX using microperoxidase as a tracer.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 are a common complication of cardiac surgery. Reports describing pericardiac neurogenic tissue led us to hypothesize that removal of the aortic fat pad could cause an autonomic imbalance and contribute to @entity2 following cardiac surgery. METHODS: A randomized prospective pilot study (n =131) was conducted to test our hypotheses. @entity0 underwent conventional cardio-pulmonary bypass surgery (CPB) or off pump coronary bypass surgery (OPCAB). The fat pad was either left intact or removed. The incidence of de novo @entity2 during the @entity0 's hospital stay was tabulated. @entity0 with peri-operative @entity1 or pre-existing @entity2 were excluded. The randomization schedule was made subservient to clinical judgment at surgery. After promising preliminary results, an extension study (n =189 @entity0 , total @entity0 =320) was performed which employed the same definitions and interventions but was a sample of convenience. The data of this second study have not been previously published. RESULTS: In the pilot study, in demographically similar groups, logistic regression demonstrated a significantly elevated @entity2 incidence when the fat pad was removed (Odds ratio 3.49, 95% confidence intervals 1.09 to 11.18). A chi-square analysis of these same data, however, (4 fibrillations in 58 @entity0 with fat pad intact versus 15 fibrillation in 73 @entity0 with fat pad removed; P = 0.051) suggested that the importance of the fat pad status was not definite. Overall, @entity2 were present in 19 of 131 @entity0 (14.5%). In the extension study, in contrast to the pilot data, the data did not demonstrate any contribution of fat pad status to the incidence of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Although we feel that our hypothesis remains viable, retention of the aortic fat pad during coronary artery bypass surgery may not be related to a decreased incidence of post operative @entity2 .

title: Aortic fat pad destruction and post operative XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Two factors increasing flow rate in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with the subsequent risk for cardiac function, are the site of the access and time since its creation. Cubital @entity7 and bypasses are less often involved. Mean flow rate in a distal @entity1 is 465 +/- 250 ml/min. For proximal fistulae, mean flow rate is 750 +/- 309 ml/min. Flow rate is measured by pulsed duplex-Doppler of the humeral artery or the axillary artery. If high flow rate is poorly tolerated, careful assessment should provide an orientation concerning appropriate correction: ligature of the proximal radial artery to limit arterial inflow to the @entity7 which is then comes solely from retrograde flow from the radial artery via the palmar arcades and the cubital artery; distal prolongation by radial bypass or transposition after checking the state of the forearm arteries. Vascular steal can lead to @entity0 , which is greater for high flow proximal fistulae, with the risk of aggravating pre-existing @entity8 . Continuous color-Doppler exploration of the distal vessels, with the fistulae open and closed with compression, is primordial to establish the positive diagnosis and the appropriate therapeutic approach. Flow rate must be determined accurately. If low flow rate is associated with signs of @entity0 , angioplastic or surgical revascularisation may be required for identified and accessible areas of @entity4 . If the flow rate is too high, reduction may be effective. If the distal Doppler signal is normal or minimally perturbed with the open @entity7 , the @entity1 may be the cause of the @entity0 . If no flow can be detected when the @entity7 is closed, the distal artery is involved and may have to be closed. @entity0 is much more uncommon and may be caused by @entity5 downstream from the @entity1 . Diffuse @entity5 may result from a downstream obstruction due to @entity4 or @entity3 , or to excessive flow. In the event of a false @entity2 , a pulsitile @entity6 is visualized by color Doppler with one or more spurts, associated or not with images of mural @entity3 . Deterioration of the vessel walls at the point of puncture can lead to intra-capsular false @entity2 .

title: [Technique and results of duplex-Doppler for non-stenosing complications of vascular access for chronic hemodialysis: @entity0 , steal, high flow rate, XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Two factors increasing flow rate in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with the subsequent risk for cardiac function, are the site of the access and time since its creation. Cubital @entity7 and bypasses are less often involved. Mean flow rate in a distal @entity1 is 465 +/- 250 ml/min. For proximal fistulae, mean flow rate is 750 +/- 309 ml/min. Flow rate is measured by pulsed duplex-Doppler of the humeral artery or the axillary artery. If high flow rate is poorly tolerated, careful assessment should provide an orientation concerning appropriate correction: ligature of the proximal radial artery to limit arterial inflow to the @entity7 which is then comes solely from retrograde flow from the radial artery via the palmar arcades and the cubital artery; distal prolongation by radial bypass or transposition after checking the state of the forearm arteries. Vascular steal can lead to @entity0 , which is greater for high flow proximal fistulae, with the risk of aggravating pre-existing @entity8 . Continuous color-Doppler exploration of the distal vessels, with the fistulae open and closed with compression, is primordial to establish the positive diagnosis and the appropriate therapeutic approach. Flow rate must be determined accurately. If low flow rate is associated with signs of @entity0 , angioplastic or surgical revascularisation may be required for identified and accessible areas of @entity4 . If the flow rate is too high, reduction may be effective. If the distal Doppler signal is normal or minimally perturbed with the open @entity7 , the @entity1 may be the cause of the @entity0 . If no flow can be detected when the @entity7 is closed, the distal artery is involved and may have to be closed. @entity0 is much more uncommon and may be caused by @entity5 downstream from the @entity1 . Diffuse @entity5 may result from a downstream obstruction due to @entity4 or @entity3 , or to excessive flow. In the event of a false @entity2 , a pulsitile @entity6 is visualized by color Doppler with one or more spurts, associated or not with images of mural @entity3 . Deterioration of the vessel walls at the point of puncture can lead to intra-capsular false @entity2 .

title: [Technique and results of duplex-Doppler for non-stenosing complications of vascular access for chronic hemodialysis: XXXX , steal, high flow rate, @entity2 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the degree of serological protection conferred by the three components of two MMR vaccines: "Vac triple @entity2 " (Aventis Pasteur @entity2 ) and "Triviraten" (Berna), and to study the effects of a second dose of "Priorix" (Glaxo SmithKline), in an unprotected population. In March 2001, this study was conducted in a sample of 86 @entity0 aged 3 and 4 years, in two Basic Health Zones of C  diz (Spain). Mumps, measles and @entity1 antibody titers were evaluated by IgG enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All the @entity0 showing lack of response were revaccinated with the vaccine "Priorix" of GSK; in 12 of these @entity0 (all vaccinated previously with "Triviraten"), studies confirmed the existence of seroconversion utilizing the same methodology. The most outstanding finding has been the low percentage of @entity0 vaccinated with "Triviraten" possessing protective titers (>1:500) against @entity3 (14.3%) compared with those vaccinated with "Vac triple @entity2 " (81.1%, P<0.000001); geometric mean values (GMT) of 164 and 1631, respectively, were obtained. Significant differences, and in the same direction, were also found in respect of measles (83.7 and 100%, and GMT of 889 and 5076), although not so striking. However, all the @entity0 studied did have protective titres (>16UI/ml) of antibodies against @entity1 . Of the 12 @entity0 studied who had not responded with protective titers of anti- @entity3 antibodies, eight @entity0 (66.7%) showed seroconversion with "Priorix", and only one @entity0 (25%) presented seroconversion in the response to measles. We have thus proved that the "Rubini" strain provides insufficient protection against @entity3 in our @entity0 population. We have also found that the "Edmonston-Zagreb" strain confers less protection against measles than the "Enders" strain, although the "Schwarz" strain, after revaccination of the @entity0 who had failed with the "Edmonston-Zagreb" strain, did not achieve a satisfactory seroconversion, either.

title: Study of the immune response engendered by differents combined measles, @entity3 and XXXX (MMR) vaccines in an area of Andalusia (Spain).

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the degree of serological protection conferred by the three components of two MMR vaccines: "Vac triple @entity2 " (Aventis Pasteur @entity2 ) and "Triviraten" (Berna), and to study the effects of a second dose of "Priorix" (Glaxo SmithKline), in an unprotected population. In March 2001, this study was conducted in a sample of 86 @entity0 aged 3 and 4 years, in two Basic Health Zones of C  diz (Spain). Mumps, measles and @entity1 antibody titers were evaluated by IgG enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All the @entity0 showing lack of response were revaccinated with the vaccine "Priorix" of GSK; in 12 of these @entity0 (all vaccinated previously with "Triviraten"), studies confirmed the existence of seroconversion utilizing the same methodology. The most outstanding finding has been the low percentage of @entity0 vaccinated with "Triviraten" possessing protective titers (>1:500) against @entity3 (14.3%) compared with those vaccinated with "Vac triple @entity2 " (81.1%, P<0.000001); geometric mean values (GMT) of 164 and 1631, respectively, were obtained. Significant differences, and in the same direction, were also found in respect of measles (83.7 and 100%, and GMT of 889 and 5076), although not so striking. However, all the @entity0 studied did have protective titres (>16UI/ml) of antibodies against @entity1 . Of the 12 @entity0 studied who had not responded with protective titers of anti- @entity3 antibodies, eight @entity0 (66.7%) showed seroconversion with "Priorix", and only one @entity0 (25%) presented seroconversion in the response to measles. We have thus proved that the "Rubini" strain provides insufficient protection against @entity3 in our @entity0 population. We have also found that the "Edmonston-Zagreb" strain confers less protection against measles than the "Enders" strain, although the "Schwarz" strain, after revaccination of the @entity0 who had failed with the "Edmonston-Zagreb" strain, did not achieve a satisfactory seroconversion, either.

title: Study of the immune response engendered by differents combined measles, XXXX and @entity1 (MMR) vaccines in an area of Andalusia (Spain).

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 (HA) in 25%, 50% and 75% w/w fractions was incorporated into chitin solutions and processed into air- and freeze-dried materials. These HA-chitin materials were exposed to cell cultures and implanted into the intramusculature of a @entity0 model. The HA-chitin materials were found to be non-cytotoxic and degraded in vivo. The presence of the HA filler enhanced @entity4 as well as accelerated degradation of the chitin matrix. The freeze-dried HA-chitin matrixes were selected for further cell seeding experiments because of their porous nature. Mesenchymal stem cells harvested from NZW @entity1 were induced into osteoblasts in vitro using @entity2 . These osteoblasts were cultured for 1 week, statically loaded onto the porous HA-chitin matrixes and implanted into bone defects of the @entity1 femur for 2 months. Histology of explants showed bone regeneration with biodegradation of the HA-chitin matrix. Similarly, green fluorescence protein (GFP) transfected MSC-induced osteoblasts were also loaded onto porous HA-chitin matrixes and implanted into the @entity1 femur. The results from GFP-transfected MSCs showed that loaded MSCs-induced osteoblasts did not only proliferate but also recruited surrounding tissue to grow in. This study demonstrates the potential of HA-chitin matrixes as a good substrate candidate for tissue engineered bone substitute.

title: XXXX -chitin materials as potential tissue engineered bone substitutes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. The left upper-quadrant bursting neurons (cells L2, L3, L4, and L6) of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia display a regular burst-firing pattern that is controlled by cyclic changes of intracellular @entity0 that occur during the bursting rhythm. The characteristic bursting pattern of these neurons occurs within a range of membrane potentials (-35 to -50 mV) called the pacemaker range. 2. Intracellular pressure injection of @entity2 ( @entity8 ) altered the bursting rhythm of the left upper-quadrant bursting (LUQB) cells for up to 15 min. Injection of IP3 induced a brief depolarization that was followed by a long-lasting (2-15 min) hyperpolarization. The hyperpolarizing phase of the response was accompanied by prolonged interburst intervals. 3. When cells were voltage-clamped at potentials within the pacemaker range, injection of IP3 generally induced a biphasic response that had a total duration of 2-15 min. An initial inward shift in holding current (Iin), which lasted 5-120 s, was followed by a slow outward shift in holding current (Iout). 4. At membrane potentials more negative than -40 mV, Iin was associated with a small and relatively voltage-independent increase in membrane conductance. Iin was not blocked by bath application of @entity3 ( @entity5 ) or @entity1 . Although Iin was activated by injection of IP3, we were unable to block it by iontophoretic injection of @entity9 -bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid ( @entity6 ) sufficient to block the @entity0 -activated inward tail current (IB). The ionic mechanism that produces Iin has not been analyzed. 5. In normal bathing solution, Iout was present at membrane potentials more positive than approximately -50 mV. Iout was not blocked by 50 mM @entity7 ( @entity4 ), which is known to block @entity0 -activated K+ currents (IK,Ca) in these cells. However, it was blocked by 30 mM @entity1 , which blocks ICa. These results indicate that a steady-state ICa is necessary for the generation of Iout following injection of IP3, suggesting that Iout is due to inactivation of ICa and not to activation of a K+ conductance. 6. Intracellular iontophoresis of @entity6 abolished Iout indicating that elevation of intracellular @entity0 is necessary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX alters bursting pacemaker activity in Aplysia neurons: voltage-clamp analysis of effects on calcium currents.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Current guidelines recommend the use of head CT in the evaluation of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), but data supporting its value are sparse. METHODS: @entity0 who presented to 1 of 16 emergency departments of a large Northern California health maintenance organization and received a diagnosis of @entity2 from November 1997 through February 1998 were enrolled and followed up for 90 days. Clinical, demographic, and outcome data were obtained from computerized databases and medical records. Physicians blinded to @entity0 characteristics and outcomes abstracted head CT findings from radiology reports. Abstracted findings included evidence of old or new @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity4 . RESULTS: Head CT was performed in 67% of eligible @entity0 (n=322) diagnosed with @entity2 . Evidence of a new @entity7 was seen on head CT in 13 @entity0 (4%). A nonischemic cause of @entity2 symptoms was found in 4 @entity0 (1.2%). During follow-up, 10.9% of @entity2 @entity0 experienced subsequent @entity3 . After adjustment for confounders, risk for @entity3 during follow-up was significantly higher in those with a new @entity7 on head CT compared with others with @entity2 (odds ratio, 4.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 14.14; P=0.028). Old @entity7 , periventricular white-matter disease, @entity5 , and @entity6 were not predictors of subsequent risk of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of a new @entity7 on head CT in @entity0 presenting with @entity2 is associated with increased short-term risk for @entity3 . Head CT appears to have prognostic value in @entity0 with @entity2 and, for this reason alone, may be justified in their evaluation.

title: Head computed tomography findings predict short-term XXXX risk after @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Current guidelines recommend the use of head CT in the evaluation of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), but data supporting its value are sparse. METHODS: @entity0 who presented to 1 of 16 emergency departments of a large Northern California health maintenance organization and received a diagnosis of @entity2 from November 1997 through February 1998 were enrolled and followed up for 90 days. Clinical, demographic, and outcome data were obtained from computerized databases and medical records. Physicians blinded to @entity0 characteristics and outcomes abstracted head CT findings from radiology reports. Abstracted findings included evidence of old or new @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity4 . RESULTS: Head CT was performed in 67% of eligible @entity0 (n=322) diagnosed with @entity2 . Evidence of a new @entity7 was seen on head CT in 13 @entity0 (4%). A nonischemic cause of @entity2 symptoms was found in 4 @entity0 (1.2%). During follow-up, 10.9% of @entity2 @entity0 experienced subsequent @entity3 . After adjustment for confounders, risk for @entity3 during follow-up was significantly higher in those with a new @entity7 on head CT compared with others with @entity2 (odds ratio, 4.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 14.14; P=0.028). Old @entity7 , periventricular white-matter disease, @entity5 , and @entity6 were not predictors of subsequent risk of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of a new @entity7 on head CT in @entity0 presenting with @entity2 is associated with increased short-term risk for @entity3 . Head CT appears to have prognostic value in @entity0 with @entity2 and, for this reason alone, may be justified in their evaluation.

title: Head computed tomography findings predict short-term @entity3 risk after XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to describe the spectrum and preferences of terminology used by house staff and attending physicians in internal medicine, general surgery, surgical subspecialties, physical medicine and rehabilitation, staff nurses, clinical nurse specialists, and others when documenting a skin @entity1 examination on admission or at consultation. DESIGN: This study was a retrospective review of a purposeful sample of 75 charts. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Study subjects were physicians and nurses working in an urban teaching hospital. METHODS: Methods used were abstraction from the medical record of the frequency with which aspects of a skin @entity1 examination were documented and qualitative analysis of the descriptive terminology. RESULTS: As consultants, clinical nurse specialists for skin care and plastic surgeons were the most complete in documenting location, size, and the tissue characteristics of @entity2 . Ninety percent of house staff and staff nurses of the primary team documented the existence and location of the @entity1 . Some characteristic of the tissue was described by staff nurses and house staff for 80% and 78% of the @entity1 , respectively. Quantitative size was the least frequently documented component by both nurses and house staff for 60% and 33% of the @entity1 , respectively. A total of 66 unique terms including 38 nonmedical, nonspecific, or ambiguous terms were found. CONCLUSIONS: Documentation of @entity2 in the notes of physicians and nurses are incomplete and nonstandardized, and the terminology used does not allow an accurate retrospective conceptualization of the @entity1 . The clinical implications are miscommunication between multidisciplinary teams, difficulty assessing healing rates, and inability to perform retrospective quality assurance reviews. Development of a standardized skin @entity1 examination with a meaningful taxonomy of terms acceptable to physicians, nurses, and occupational and physical therapists is needed to teach interdisciplinary care of @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Terminology used by different health care providers to document XXXX : the blind @entity0 and the elephant.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to describe the spectrum and preferences of terminology used by house staff and attending physicians in internal medicine, general surgery, surgical subspecialties, physical medicine and rehabilitation, staff nurses, clinical nurse specialists, and others when documenting a skin @entity1 examination on admission or at consultation. DESIGN: This study was a retrospective review of a purposeful sample of 75 charts. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Study subjects were physicians and nurses working in an urban teaching hospital. METHODS: Methods used were abstraction from the medical record of the frequency with which aspects of a skin @entity1 examination were documented and qualitative analysis of the descriptive terminology. RESULTS: As consultants, clinical nurse specialists for skin care and plastic surgeons were the most complete in documenting location, size, and the tissue characteristics of @entity2 . Ninety percent of house staff and staff nurses of the primary team documented the existence and location of the @entity1 . Some characteristic of the tissue was described by staff nurses and house staff for 80% and 78% of the @entity1 , respectively. Quantitative size was the least frequently documented component by both nurses and house staff for 60% and 33% of the @entity1 , respectively. A total of 66 unique terms including 38 nonmedical, nonspecific, or ambiguous terms were found. CONCLUSIONS: Documentation of @entity2 in the notes of physicians and nurses are incomplete and nonstandardized, and the terminology used does not allow an accurate retrospective conceptualization of the @entity1 . The clinical implications are miscommunication between multidisciplinary teams, difficulty assessing healing rates, and inability to perform retrospective quality assurance reviews. Development of a standardized skin @entity1 examination with a meaningful taxonomy of terms acceptable to physicians, nurses, and occupational and physical therapists is needed to teach interdisciplinary care of @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Terminology used by different health care providers to document @entity2 : the blind XXXX and the elephant.

answer: @entity0