abstract: Pulmonary arteries (PA) are resistant to the vasodilator effects of extracellular @entity1 in systemic vessels; the mechanism underlying this difference between systemic and pulmonary circulations has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that @entity7 /Rho-kinase-mediated @entity0 sensitization pathway played a greater role in tension development in pulmonary than in systemic vascular smooth muscle and that this pathway was insensitive to @entity1 . In arterial rings contracted with the alpha1-agonist @entity5 (PE), the Rho-kinase inhibitor @entity6 (< or =3 microM) induced greater relaxation in precontracted PA rings than in aortic rings. In PA rings stimulated by PE, the activation of @entity7 was greater than in aorta. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) induced a smaller relaxation in precontracted PA than in aorta. However, in the presence of @entity2 and @entity3 , when PE-induced @entity4 was predominantly mediated by Rho-kinase, the relaxant effect of @entity1 was reduced and similar in both vessel types. Furthermore, in the presence of @entity6 , @entity1 induced a greater relaxation in both PA and aorta, which was similar in both vessels. Finally, in alpha-toxin-permeabilized smooth muscle, PE-induced @entity4 at constant @entity0 activity was inhibited by @entity6 and unaffected by @entity1 . These results indicate that @entity0 sensitization induced by the @entity7 /Rho-kinase pathway played a greater role in agonist-induced vascular smooth muscle @entity4 in PA than in aorta and that tension mediated by this pathway was insensitive to @entity1 . The predominant role of the @entity7 /Rho-kinase pathway in the pulmonary vasculature may account for the resistance of this circulation to the vasodilator effect of @entity1 observed in the systemic circulation.

title: Effect of changes in pH on wall tension in isolated rat pulmonary artery: role of the XXXX /Rho-kinase pathway.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity4 is a @entity2 derivative with demonstrated activity against @entity5 . The MIC90 against penicillinase- and non-penicillinase producing @entity5 is 0.06 mg/l and 0.015 mg/l respectively. The drug is rapidly absorbed with a single oral dose of 800 mg producing peak serum levels of 2.45 mg/l. In this open, uncontrolled study, 70 @entity0 with laboratory confirmed, uncomplicated @entity1 with @entity5 were entered to determine the efficacy and safety of a single oral dose of @entity4 800 mg. Thirty-one males and 27 females were evaluated for efficacy with 34 males and 25 females evaluated for safety. @entity4 cured all 31 urethral and two pharyngeal @entity1 in @entity0 . All 25 females with endocervical @entity1 and six with rectal involvement were also cured. The single treatment failure occurred in a @entity0 who had persistent pharyngeal infection. All isolates of @entity5 were inhibited by 0.05 mg/l of @entity4 . The incidence of adverse effects was 23.7% but all were mild, required no specific therapy and cleared without sequelae. In this study, @entity4 proved to be an effective agent in the therapy of uncomplicated @entity3 in males and females. It has previously been proven to be useful in the therapy of @entity3 due to penicillinase-producing @entity5 and the value of this drug as a first line choice in the treatment of @entity3 is discussed.

title: XXXX in the therapy of @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 is a @entity2 derivative with demonstrated activity against @entity5 . The MIC90 against penicillinase- and non-penicillinase producing @entity5 is 0.06 mg/l and 0.015 mg/l respectively. The drug is rapidly absorbed with a single oral dose of 800 mg producing peak serum levels of 2.45 mg/l. In this open, uncontrolled study, 70 @entity0 with laboratory confirmed, uncomplicated @entity1 with @entity5 were entered to determine the efficacy and safety of a single oral dose of @entity4 800 mg. Thirty-one males and 27 females were evaluated for efficacy with 34 males and 25 females evaluated for safety. @entity4 cured all 31 urethral and two pharyngeal @entity1 in @entity0 . All 25 females with endocervical @entity1 and six with rectal involvement were also cured. The single treatment failure occurred in a @entity0 who had persistent pharyngeal infection. All isolates of @entity5 were inhibited by 0.05 mg/l of @entity4 . The incidence of adverse effects was 23.7% but all were mild, required no specific therapy and cleared without sequelae. In this study, @entity4 proved to be an effective agent in the therapy of uncomplicated @entity3 in males and females. It has previously been proven to be useful in the therapy of @entity3 due to penicillinase-producing @entity5 and the value of this drug as a first line choice in the treatment of @entity3 is discussed.

title: @entity4 in the therapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: There is little or no direct in vivo evidence in @entity0 to support the involvement of mast cell-mediator release in the pathogenesis of immediate @entity1 . We have performed a within-subject controlled study to determine the changes that occur in nasal mast cells during allergen-induced @entity2 . Twelve subjects with asymptomatic @entity2 were studied. Nasal biopsy specimens were obtained from each subject after a control solution (isotonic saline, 0.9% w/v) had been nebulized into one nostril and allergen solution (freeze-dried allergen extract reconstituted with isotonic saline) into the other. The tissues obtained were fixed in Carnoy's solution and stained with the @entity4 AS-D @entity3 esterase reaction (N AS-D CA ER). Mast cells were counted under light microscopy in the epithelium and lamina propria, and the integrity of each cell was assessed. No significant differences were found in the number of epithelial or lamina propria mast cells in biopsy specimens obtained after saline or allergen administration. However, the number of degranulated mast cells after allergen provocation (89%) was significantly greater than after instillation of control solution (15%) (p = 0.003). Changes of mast cell degranulation after allergen provocation were confirmed by electron microscopy. In six nonatopic, control subjects without @entity2 , there was no significant difference between the percentages of degranulated mast cells after allergen provocation (25.8%) and instillation of saline (24.3%). This study provides direct in vivo evidence for allergen-induced mast cell activation in @entity0 .

title: Direct in vivo evidence for mast cell degranulation during allergen-induced reactions in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the anatomopathological characteristics of @entity3 . DESIGN: Descriptive anatomapathological study. SETTING: A university hospital department of gynecological surgery. @entity0 (S): Eleven consecutive @entity0 complaining of @entity4 and @entity5 . INTERVENTION(S): Laparoscopic partial cystectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of @entity3 lesions. RESULT(S): Deep @entity3 lesions were extremely heterogeneous, not only in any one @entity0 but also from one @entity0 to another. Bladder muscularis propria presented three aspects: [1] @entity1 of the fibromuscular tissue (4/11); [2] simple dissociation of the smooth muscle fiber bundles with no veritable "disorganization" (4/11); [3] simple thickening of the interstitial collagen network, or @entity2 (3/11). A histological adenomyotic nodule aspect was only observed in one @entity0 (9%). CONCLUSION(S): @entity3 is an enigmatic disease. No hypothesis can be proposed as a single explanation for its pathogenesis.

title: Anatomopathological lesions of XXXX are heterogeneous.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Within the normal @entity0 epidermis only Langerhans and indeterminate cells express HLA-DR. @entity0 keratinocytes (HK), however, may also express HLA-DR in certain disease states characterized by mononuclear cell infiltrates. Previous studies have shown that HK synthesize HLA-DR in response to stimulation by @entity1 ). The purposes of this study were to define conditions under which cultured HK might express HLA-DR and to compare the HLA-DR synthesis of HK with that of monocytes. HLA-DR expression by HK as determined by indirect immunofluorescence of HK cultures was absent under standard low @entity2 conditions and remained absent with the addition of @entity2 , serum, mitogens, and supernatants from Pam-212 cells containing epidermal thymocyte-activating factor. HLA-DR expression in HK was induced by cocultivation with concanavalin A-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), but not unstimulated PBMC. This effect was time-dependent and directly related to the number of PBMC. HLA-DR expression was also induced in a time- and dose-dependent manner by addition of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or by addition of recombinant INF-gamma but not by addition of interleukin (IL)-1 or @entity3 . Induction by either @entity4 or INF-gamma was blocked by an antiserum to INF-gamma. As determined by a semiquantitative immunoprecipitation technique, HLA-DR synthesis by HK was directly related to INF-gamma concentration. The pattern of HLA-DR peptides produced by HK was similar to that of monocytes, but the relative quantity synthesized was far less than that of monocytes.

title: Study of HLA-DR synthesis in cultured XXXX keratinocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In this paper we present findings in the primary auditory cortex of @entity2 exposed for 2 h to a 115 dB SPL, 6 kHz tone at 36 days, 56 days or 118 days after birth. We evaluate the effects of age at exposure, amount of @entity1 , and time after induction of @entity0 on the functional reorganization of the cortical tonotopic map. We found a fairly sharp demarcation in the amount of @entity1 (20-25 dB) that caused cortical reorganization. For localized hearing losses, unmasking of excitatory contributions of neighboring frequency regions was found. For @entity2 showing reorganization of the tonotopic map, the frequency-tuning curve bandwidth at 20 dB above threshold at @entity3 (BW(20dB)) increased with increasing threshold at @entity3 . Threshold at @entity3 , and BW(20dB) increased with time after exposure. Minimum spike latency was initially increased, but subsequently decreased with time after exposure at a rate that was two times faster in @entity2 with reorganized cortex than in @entity2 with normal tonotopic maps, to reach the same asymptotic value. Thresholds at @entity3 were correlated with the peripheral @entity1 at near @entity3 frequencies as estimated from ABR measurements. The correlation between BW(20dB) and @entity3 threshold suggests that part of the reorganization could be due to 'residual' sensitivity of the high frequency neurons to not-affected lower or higher frequencies. However, for CFs above 6 kHz, the BW(20dB) for @entity2 with reorganization of the tonotopic map was significantly lower (on average 0.3 octave, P<0.05) than for @entity2 with normal tonotopic maps. This is not what one would expect in cases of pseudo-plasticity characterized by concurrent shifts in BW(20dB) and @entity3 as a result of residual sensitivity to lower frequencies.

title: Changes in cat primary auditory cortex after minor-to-moderate pure-tone induced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Rates of protein synthesis in liver and muscle of 100 g male @entity0 were measured in vivo at 1 h or 4 h after injection of 2.5 mg of @entity2 and compared with those from animals given carrier medium alone. 2. In post-absorptive @entity0 , @entity2 for 1 h had no effect on either muscle or liver protein synthesis. After 4 h there was a decrease in both tissues, but this was only statistically significant in muscle. 3. In fed @entity0 , rates of protein synthesis were higher than those in post-absorptive animals, but the effects of @entity2 injection were similar. 4. Re-feeding of post-absorptive @entity0 led to an increase in muscle protein synthesis after 1 h and 4 h. At 1 h this increase was not inhibited when plasma @entity2 concentrations were maintained high by injection of the hormone immediately before feeding commenced, but at 4 h there was a small inhibition. 5. It is concluded that the action of @entity2 in depressing muscle protein synthesis is time-dependent and requires longer than 1 h to develop. The failure of the hormone to alter the response to re-feeding for 1 h in post-absorptive @entity0 suggest that @entity1 are not important mediators of the acute stimulation of muscle protein synthesis by food intake.

title: Short-term effects of XXXX treatment on muscle protein synthesis in relation to the response to feeding.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The neurotransmitter @entity1 ( @entity1 ) stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from the anterior pituitary gland via activation of central 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. The effect of @entity1 is predominantly indirect and may be mediated via release of hypothalamic @entity4 ( @entity4 ). We therefore investigated the possible involvement of @entity4 in the serotonergic stimulation of ACTH secretion in male @entity0 . Increased neuronal @entity1 content induced by systemic administration of the precursor @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in combination with the @entity1 reuptake inhibitor @entity2 raised @entity4 mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) by 64%, increased @entity5 ( @entity5 ) mRNA in the anterior pituitary lobe by 17% and stimulated ACTH secretion five-fold. Central administration of @entity1 agonists specific to @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity7 or @entity9 receptors increased @entity4 mRNA in the PVN by 15-50%, @entity5 mRNA in the anterior pituitary by 15-27% and ACTH secretion three- to five-fold, whereas a specific 5-HT3 agonist had no effect. Systemic administration of a specific anti- @entity4 antiserum inhibited the ACTH response to @entity3 and @entity2 and prevented the @entity3 and @entity2 -induced @entity5 mRNA response in the anterior pituitary lobe. Central or systemic infusion of @entity1 increased ACTH secretion seven- and eight-fold, respectively. Systemic pretreatment with the anti- @entity4 antiserum reduced the ACTH responses to @entity1 by 80% and 64%, respectively. It is concluded that @entity1 via activation of @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity9 and possibly also @entity8 receptors increases the synthesis of @entity4 in the PVN and @entity5 in the anterior pituitary lobe, which results in increased ACTH secretion. Furthermore, the results indicate that @entity4 is an important mediator of the ACTH response to @entity1 .

title: Serotonergic stimulation of @entity4 and XXXX gene expression.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The neurotransmitter @entity1 ( @entity1 ) stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from the anterior pituitary gland via activation of central 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. The effect of @entity1 is predominantly indirect and may be mediated via release of hypothalamic @entity4 ( @entity4 ). We therefore investigated the possible involvement of @entity4 in the serotonergic stimulation of ACTH secretion in male @entity0 . Increased neuronal @entity1 content induced by systemic administration of the precursor @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in combination with the @entity1 reuptake inhibitor @entity2 raised @entity4 mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) by 64%, increased @entity5 ( @entity5 ) mRNA in the anterior pituitary lobe by 17% and stimulated ACTH secretion five-fold. Central administration of @entity1 agonists specific to @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity7 or @entity9 receptors increased @entity4 mRNA in the PVN by 15-50%, @entity5 mRNA in the anterior pituitary by 15-27% and ACTH secretion three- to five-fold, whereas a specific 5-HT3 agonist had no effect. Systemic administration of a specific anti- @entity4 antiserum inhibited the ACTH response to @entity3 and @entity2 and prevented the @entity3 and @entity2 -induced @entity5 mRNA response in the anterior pituitary lobe. Central or systemic infusion of @entity1 increased ACTH secretion seven- and eight-fold, respectively. Systemic pretreatment with the anti- @entity4 antiserum reduced the ACTH responses to @entity1 by 80% and 64%, respectively. It is concluded that @entity1 via activation of @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity9 and possibly also @entity8 receptors increases the synthesis of @entity4 in the PVN and @entity5 in the anterior pituitary lobe, which results in increased ACTH secretion. Furthermore, the results indicate that @entity4 is an important mediator of the ACTH response to @entity1 .

title: Serotonergic stimulation of XXXX and @entity5 gene expression.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Two hundred cases of @entity0 were studied, with particular attention to adjacent non-malignant modifications considered by some authors as preneoplastic changes. @entity3 were recognized in 82% of cases. @entity6 was present in 51.5% of cases and was more often ductal (83/200) than lobular (40/200). Microscopic cysts were noted in 72% of cases. Calcifications, easily identified by mammography were present in 20% of cases and were associated with @entity6 in 4/5 of cases. The mean of @entity1 was 58 years. For comparative studies of histologic lesions the following age categories were evaluated: category I less than 50 years (57 @entity1 ), category II greater than or equal to 50 years (143 @entity1 ). @entity5 , @entity9 , and, to a lesser degree, sclerosing @entity9 and @entity2 were more frequently associated with @entity0 in @entity1 younger than 50. Fibro- @entity8 or lipomatous changes were more often found in the older group of @entity1 , as expected. @entity7 @entity9 was significantly more frequent in breasts with multifocal infiltrating @entity4 . Such changes must be considered as risk factors by pathologists when present in mammary specimens without @entity3 , and careful study should be undertaken to locate a possible in situ microscopic @entity4 . No differences appeared in lesions associated with @entity0 in @entity1 with or without a familial history of @entity0 .

title: [Breast lesions associated with XXXX . Study of 200 excision specimens].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low-dose allergen challenge (LDAC) may be a useful tool for studying the capacity of allergens to induce @entity0 in atopic subjects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lower airway inflammatory changes following repeated inhalation of very low doses of allergen (VLDAC) in non-asthmatic subjects with @entity2 (NAAR) compared with mild @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Fourteen NAAR and 11 @entity1 were seen out of the pollen season and had skin prick tests with common aeroallergens. Baseline spirometry (S) and @entity3 challenge (MC) were done and blood and induced sputum (IS) differential cell counts were obtained. Each subject underwent VLDAC on four consecutive mornings with a relevant allergen. S, MC, and blood and IS samplings were repeated 6 h after the second and fourth VLDAC and one week later. RESULTS: Although there were, as expected, no changes in FEV1 or PC20 in either group, mean percentage eosinophils on IS were significantly increased in NAAR on day 2 of VLDAC and decreased in all but one subject on day 4, with a tendency to return to baseline levels one week later. In @entity1 , there was a non-significant trend for sputum eosinophils to increase on day 2; four subjects showed a decrease of eosinophils on day 4 of VLDAC. There was a correlation between eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels and eosinophil counts in NAAR throughout the study. There were no variations in other sputum cells or blood inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION: VLDAC can increase the percentage of eosinophils in IS of NAAR subjects without associated respiratory symptoms nor physiological modifications. A reduction in eosinophilic response despite repeated exposure, more common in NAAR subjects, suggests an adaptation process that needs to be further evaluated.

title: Lower airway inflammatory responses to repeated very-low-dose allergen challenge in XXXX and asthma.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genetic engineering of the major birch pollen allergen (Bet v 1) has led to the generation of recombinant Bet v 1 derivatives with markedly reduced IgE-binding capacity, but with retained T cell activating ability. OBJECTIVE: To compare the mucosal reactivity to rBet v 1 derivatives with rBet v 1 wild-type as basis for new therapeutic strategies for birch pollen @entity2 based on mucosal tolerance induction. METHODS: Outside the pollen season, 10 @entity0 with birch @entity4 and mild @entity1 underwent four nasal challenge-sessions in a randomized, double-blind, and cross-over design, employing increasing doses of rBet v 1 fragment mix, rBet v 1 trimer, rBet v 1 wild-type and diluent (albumin). Nasal lavage fluids (NAL) were collected before the challenge-series as well as 10 min, 4 and 24 h thereafter. Nasal lavage fluid levels of tryptase as well as @entity3 and ECP were measured as indices of mast cell and eosinophil activity, respectively. RESULTS: All 10 @entity0 tolerated the highest accumulated dose, 8.124 microg, when challenged with rBet v 1 trimer, eight with rBet v 1 fragments compared to one when challenged with rBet v 1 wild-type. No late phase reactions were observed. The change in tryptase levels (pre-challenge vs. 10 min) was significantly lower after challenges with rBet v 1 trimer and rBet v 1 fragments than with rBet v 1 wild-type. The change in @entity3 /ECP concentration pre-challenge versus 4 h post-challenge was lower for rBet v 1 trimer and the change was significantly lower when pre-challenge versus 24 h post-challenge to rBet v 1 fragments and rBet v 1 wild-type was examined. CONCLUSION: The derivatives induced significantly fewer symptoms and lower mast cell and eosinophil activation than rBet v 1 wild-type upon application to the nasal mucosa. They could in the future be candidates for immunotherapy based on mucosal tolerance induction.

title: Nasal challenges with recombinant derivatives of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 induce fewer symptoms and lower mediator release than rBet v 1 wild-type in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genetic engineering of the major birch pollen allergen (Bet v 1) has led to the generation of recombinant Bet v 1 derivatives with markedly reduced IgE-binding capacity, but with retained T cell activating ability. OBJECTIVE: To compare the mucosal reactivity to rBet v 1 derivatives with rBet v 1 wild-type as basis for new therapeutic strategies for birch pollen @entity2 based on mucosal tolerance induction. METHODS: Outside the pollen season, 10 @entity0 with birch @entity4 and mild @entity1 underwent four nasal challenge-sessions in a randomized, double-blind, and cross-over design, employing increasing doses of rBet v 1 fragment mix, rBet v 1 trimer, rBet v 1 wild-type and diluent (albumin). Nasal lavage fluids (NAL) were collected before the challenge-series as well as 10 min, 4 and 24 h thereafter. Nasal lavage fluid levels of tryptase as well as @entity3 and ECP were measured as indices of mast cell and eosinophil activity, respectively. RESULTS: All 10 @entity0 tolerated the highest accumulated dose, 8.124 microg, when challenged with rBet v 1 trimer, eight with rBet v 1 fragments compared to one when challenged with rBet v 1 wild-type. No late phase reactions were observed. The change in tryptase levels (pre-challenge vs. 10 min) was significantly lower after challenges with rBet v 1 trimer and rBet v 1 fragments than with rBet v 1 wild-type. The change in @entity3 /ECP concentration pre-challenge versus 4 h post-challenge was lower for rBet v 1 trimer and the change was significantly lower when pre-challenge versus 24 h post-challenge to rBet v 1 fragments and rBet v 1 wild-type was examined. CONCLUSION: The derivatives induced significantly fewer symptoms and lower mast cell and eosinophil activation than rBet v 1 wild-type upon application to the nasal mucosa. They could in the future be candidates for immunotherapy based on mucosal tolerance induction.

title: Nasal challenges with recombinant derivatives of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 induce fewer symptoms and lower mediator release than rBet v 1 wild-type in XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is characterized by eosinophilic airways @entity1 with elevated levels of @entity7 , @entity2 and sICAM-1, and reduced levels of @entity5 and @entity3 . Inhaled corticosteroids powerfully reduce airways @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate if eosinophil counts, serum eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) and sICAM-1 levels, as well as serum and production of cytokines ( @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity3 ) by peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) are useful markers to monitor therapy with inhaled @entity8 (FP) in @entity6 @entity0 . METHODS: In a double-blind, 1-year study, 55 @entity6 @entity0 (aged 6-10 years) stopped inhaled corticosteroids for a mean period of 24 days and were randomized to receive either FP 200 microg/day (constant dose group), or a starting dose of FP 1000 microg/day with two monthly reductions to 500, 200 and 100 microg/day (stepdown group). Hyper-responsiveness, symptom scores and blood sampling were performed at 2-month intervals. RESULTS: Symptoms and hyper-responsiveness improved significantly in both treatment groups after reintroduction of FP. Eosinophil counts decreased significantly more during the first 2 months of FP in the stepdown group than in the constant dose group (P = 0.03). We found a trend towards a dose-dependent response in changes of eosinophil counts and serum ECP levels during treatment. Serum @entity7 and @entity2 levels were undetectable in the majority of @entity0 . No significant effect of the dose of FP on the release of @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity5 or @entity3 by Con A stimulated PBMCs was found. sICAM-1 levels did not significantly differ at any time point between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Serum ECP as well as peripheral blood eosinophils, cytokine production by PBMCs and sICAM-1 levels are insensitive markers in titrating and monitoring therapy with inhaled corticosteroids over a wide dose range in childhood @entity4 .

title: Influence of different dosage schedules of inhaled XXXX on peripheral blood cytokine concentrations in childhood @entity4 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is characterized by eosinophilic airways @entity1 with elevated levels of @entity7 , @entity2 and sICAM-1, and reduced levels of @entity5 and @entity3 . Inhaled corticosteroids powerfully reduce airways @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate if eosinophil counts, serum eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) and sICAM-1 levels, as well as serum and production of cytokines ( @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity3 ) by peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) are useful markers to monitor therapy with inhaled @entity8 (FP) in @entity6 @entity0 . METHODS: In a double-blind, 1-year study, 55 @entity6 @entity0 (aged 6-10 years) stopped inhaled corticosteroids for a mean period of 24 days and were randomized to receive either FP 200 microg/day (constant dose group), or a starting dose of FP 1000 microg/day with two monthly reductions to 500, 200 and 100 microg/day (stepdown group). Hyper-responsiveness, symptom scores and blood sampling were performed at 2-month intervals. RESULTS: Symptoms and hyper-responsiveness improved significantly in both treatment groups after reintroduction of FP. Eosinophil counts decreased significantly more during the first 2 months of FP in the stepdown group than in the constant dose group (P = 0.03). We found a trend towards a dose-dependent response in changes of eosinophil counts and serum ECP levels during treatment. Serum @entity7 and @entity2 levels were undetectable in the majority of @entity0 . No significant effect of the dose of FP on the release of @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity5 or @entity3 by Con A stimulated PBMCs was found. sICAM-1 levels did not significantly differ at any time point between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Serum ECP as well as peripheral blood eosinophils, cytokine production by PBMCs and sICAM-1 levels are insensitive markers in titrating and monitoring therapy with inhaled corticosteroids over a wide dose range in childhood @entity4 .

title: Influence of different dosage schedules of inhaled @entity8 on peripheral blood cytokine concentrations in childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: In plants, @entity1 ( @entity0 ) has emerged as an important messenger mediating the action of many hormonal and environmental signals, including biotic and abiotic stresses. Many different signals raise cytosolic @entity1 concentration ([ @entity0 ]cyt), which in turn is thought to regulate cellular and developmental processes via @entity0 -binding proteins. Three out of the four classes of @entity0 -binding proteins in plants contain @entity0 -binding EF-hand motif(s). This motif is a conserved helix-loop-helix structure that can bind a single @entity0 ion. To identify all EF-hand-containing proteins in @entity2 , we analyzed its completed genome sequence for genes encoding EF-hand-containing proteins. RESULTS: A maximum of 250 proteins possibly having EF-hands were identified. Diverse proteins, including enzymes, proteins involved in transcription and translation, protein- and nucleic-acid-binding proteins and a large number of unknown proteins, have one or more putative EF-hands. Phylogenetic analysis identified six major groups that contain some families of proteins. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of EF-hand motif(s) in a diversity of proteins is consistent with the involvement of @entity0 in regulating many cellular and developmental processes. Thus far, only 47 of the possible 250 EF-hand proteins have been reported in the literature. Various domains that we identified in many of the uncharacterized EF-hand-containing proteins should help in elucidating their cellular role(s). Our analyses suggest that the @entity0 messenger system is widely used in plants and that EF-hand-containing proteins are likely to be the key transducers mediating @entity0 action.

title: Analysis of EF-hand-containing proteins in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 (beta-END) a product of the proopiomelanocortin ( @entity2 ) has been demonstrated to play a role in the regulation of metabolic and autonomic responses. Recent studies have suggested the involvement of the endogenous opioid system in cardiovascular control. Previous studies conducted in our laboratory using anesthetized animals investigated the actions of beta-END and other @entity2 derived peptides on sympathetic and cardiovascular dynamics. In this study, we determined both the acute and chronic effects of beta-END on cardiovascular and behavioral dynamics in conscious unrestrained @entity0 using radio-telemetry. Animals were instrumented with a radio-telemetry transmitter in the abdominal cavity and the attached catheter inserted into the femoral artery for recording of cardiovascular dynamics and activity. They were subsequently implanted with intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannulas. The acute ICV administration of beta-END significantly increased the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) compared to controls. The cardiovascular responses returned toward control levels after 2 h. In contrast, the chronic infusion of beta-END significantly decreased the MAP and @entity1 during both the active and inactive phase. Chronic beta-END administration also decreased physical activity. Food intake was increased initially and later declined and water consumption followed a similar pattern. We conclude that in the conscious unrestrained animal the acute administration of beta-END increases MAP and @entity1 while the chronic infusion of beta-END decreases MAP, @entity1 , physical activity, and stimulate a short-term increase in food and water intake.

title: The effects of beta-endorphin (beta-END) on cardiovascular and behavioral dynamics in conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Whereas the epidemic form of @entity11 has been rare in the 20th century, the sporadic form has a wide distribution as a consequence of therapy with ergot-derivative drugs. Favourable prognosis of the condition, with complete recovery from the @entity0 peripheral circulatory disorders can be obtained by early diagnosis. Precise evaluation of the history, with recognition of treatment of @entity8 or @entity1 with ergot alkaloids, can be determinative in diagnosis. The specific pattern of the angiographic findings, as we saw it in 6 cases within the last 4 years, decisively confirms the diagnosis. We could demonstrate thread-, thorn- and hour glass-like narrowing of the vessels, due to @entity7 . Total occlusion with the development of collaterals may occur, but we saw no @entity2 formation. The stenotic arterial segments had smooth margins. The distribution of the involved arteries was more focal than generalized and more peripheral than central. In two cases @entity7 could be abolished immediately by a pharmaceutical (i.a. injection of @entity10 ) or by anesthetic procedures ( @entity5 ). The phenomenologic data, together with the complete reversal of the circulatory @entity0 after therapy (particularly the absolute ban of ergots) in most cases, is so specific that other diseases of @entity0 nature ( @entity3 , @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity4 ) can be excluded.

title: [Vascular changes in sporadic XXXX . Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture and diagnosis with particular consideration of angiographic documentation].

answer: @entity11


abstract: Mildly @entity8 @entity1 develop @entity5 -dependent @entity2 and @entity0 . @entity6 might also induce changes in glomerular hemodynamics. Micropuncture experiments under deep anesthesia were performed in @entity1 fed a low-salt diet ( @entity7 group), fed a low-salt diet and treated with @entity9 (OA/ @entity7 group), and fed a low-salt diet and treated with @entity9 + @entity3 (OA/ @entity7 /AP group) for 5 wk. The OA/ @entity7 group developed @entity6 and @entity2 compared with the @entity7 group: 3.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.2 mg/dl (P < 0.01) and 143 +/- 4 vs. 126 +/- 2 mmHg (P < 0.01). @entity8 @entity1 developed increased glomerular capillary pressure compared with the @entity7 @entity1 : 56.7 +/- 1.2 vs. 51.9 +/- 1.4 mmHg (P < 0.05). Pre- and postglomerular resistances were not increased. Histology showed afferent arteriolar thickening with increased alpha-smooth muscle actin staining of the media. @entity3 prevented @entity6 (1.14 +/- 0.2 mg/dl), systemic (121.8 +/- 2.8 mmHg) and @entity0 (50.1 +/- 0.8 mmHg), and arteriolopathy in @entity9 -treated @entity1 . Linear regression analysis showed that glomerular capillary pressure and arteriolar thickening correlated positively with serum @entity4 and systolic blood pressure. Glomerular @entity2 may be partially mediated by an abnormal vascular response to systemic @entity2 due to arteriolopathy of the afferent arteriole.

title: Mild @entity6 induces XXXX in normal @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Mildly @entity8 @entity1 develop @entity5 -dependent @entity2 and @entity0 . @entity6 might also induce changes in glomerular hemodynamics. Micropuncture experiments under deep anesthesia were performed in @entity1 fed a low-salt diet ( @entity7 group), fed a low-salt diet and treated with @entity9 (OA/ @entity7 group), and fed a low-salt diet and treated with @entity9 + @entity3 (OA/ @entity7 /AP group) for 5 wk. The OA/ @entity7 group developed @entity6 and @entity2 compared with the @entity7 group: 3.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.2 mg/dl (P < 0.01) and 143 +/- 4 vs. 126 +/- 2 mmHg (P < 0.01). @entity8 @entity1 developed increased glomerular capillary pressure compared with the @entity7 @entity1 : 56.7 +/- 1.2 vs. 51.9 +/- 1.4 mmHg (P < 0.05). Pre- and postglomerular resistances were not increased. Histology showed afferent arteriolar thickening with increased alpha-smooth muscle actin staining of the media. @entity3 prevented @entity6 (1.14 +/- 0.2 mg/dl), systemic (121.8 +/- 2.8 mmHg) and @entity0 (50.1 +/- 0.8 mmHg), and arteriolopathy in @entity9 -treated @entity1 . Linear regression analysis showed that glomerular capillary pressure and arteriolar thickening correlated positively with serum @entity4 and systolic blood pressure. Glomerular @entity2 may be partially mediated by an abnormal vascular response to systemic @entity2 due to arteriolopathy of the afferent arteriole.

title: Mild XXXX induces @entity0 in normal @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Mildly @entity8 @entity1 develop @entity5 -dependent @entity2 and @entity0 . @entity6 might also induce changes in glomerular hemodynamics. Micropuncture experiments under deep anesthesia were performed in @entity1 fed a low-salt diet ( @entity7 group), fed a low-salt diet and treated with @entity9 (OA/ @entity7 group), and fed a low-salt diet and treated with @entity9 + @entity3 (OA/ @entity7 /AP group) for 5 wk. The OA/ @entity7 group developed @entity6 and @entity2 compared with the @entity7 group: 3.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.2 mg/dl (P < 0.01) and 143 +/- 4 vs. 126 +/- 2 mmHg (P < 0.01). @entity8 @entity1 developed increased glomerular capillary pressure compared with the @entity7 @entity1 : 56.7 +/- 1.2 vs. 51.9 +/- 1.4 mmHg (P < 0.05). Pre- and postglomerular resistances were not increased. Histology showed afferent arteriolar thickening with increased alpha-smooth muscle actin staining of the media. @entity3 prevented @entity6 (1.14 +/- 0.2 mg/dl), systemic (121.8 +/- 2.8 mmHg) and @entity0 (50.1 +/- 0.8 mmHg), and arteriolopathy in @entity9 -treated @entity1 . Linear regression analysis showed that glomerular capillary pressure and arteriolar thickening correlated positively with serum @entity4 and systolic blood pressure. Glomerular @entity2 may be partially mediated by an abnormal vascular response to systemic @entity2 due to arteriolopathy of the afferent arteriole.

title: Mild @entity6 induces @entity0 in normal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Progressive expansion of mesangial matrix and @entity2 membrane thickening represent alterations in the balance between synthesis and degradation of glomerular extracellular matrix (ECM) protein and are hallmarks of @entity7 . In order to elucidate the basis for this imbalance between the synthesis and the degradation of ECM in renal tissues from @entity0 of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) with @entity7 ( @entity7 ), we examined the expression of alpha1 chain of type IV collagen (IV-C), matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -3 ( @entity4 , @entity5 ), @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity3 mRNA using a high-resolution in situ hybridization with @entity6 -labeled oligonucleotide. METHODS: @entity0 were divided into two groups based on both of degree of mesangial expansion using electron microscopic point counting morphometric methods and duration of @entity1 : 7 'fast-track' @entity0 were selected for their very rapid development of @entity7 structural changes and 8 'slow-track' @entity0 for their very slow development of @entity7 structural changes. Seven normal @entity0 kidney (NHK) tissues were used as controls. RESULTS: Positive cells for each mRNA were observed in glomerular resident cells, including glomerular mesangial, epithelial and endothelial cells and cells of Bowman's capsule. The percentage of glomerular cells positive for IV-C, @entity4 and @entity5 mRNA was significantly greater in the 'slow-track' vs. 'fast-track' @entity0 . No significant differences in percentage positive cells was seen for @entity3 mRNA. Furthermore, to elucidate the total number of positive cells per glomerulus for each mRNA, we estimated total cell number of glomerulus using morphometric techniques on light microscopy tissues. The total cell number per glomerulus was significantly greater in 'fast-track' than that in 'slow-track' @entity0 and NHK. The total number of positive cells per glomerulus for @entity4 in NHK was significantly greater than that in 'slow-track' and 'fast-track' @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Thus, IV-C, @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity8 mRNA are expressed in resident glomerular cells in renal tissues from NHK and @entity1 . Glomerular alterations in these in situ mRNA expressions sufficient to explain ECM accumulation and @entity7 risk were not uncovered. These largely negative results could be due to methodologic quantitative imprecision or could indicate that post-translational differences account for ECM imbalance in @entity7 . However, these studies make it clear that unraveling the nature of the ECM production/removal imbalance in @entity7 will require careful consideration of alterations in glomerular cell number.

title: Renal in situ hybridization studies of extracellular matrix related molecules in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: During haemodialysis (HD) ultrafiltration may affect the central blood volume to an extent that blood pressure decreases. Thoracic electrical impedance (TI) is applied to monitor the central blood volume and we evaluated if it can be used to predict HD-induced @entity2 . METHODS: In 12 @entity2 prone (H) and 13 non- @entity2 prone (N) @entity0 , blood pressure and heart rate were recorded during one dialysis session every 30 min, while TI, thoracic intracellular water (Th(ICW)) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were followed every 10 min. @entity2 was defined as a @entity2 ( @entity4 ) >/=30 mm Hg or a @entity3 mm Hg. RESULTS: All 12 H @entity0 developed @entity2 after 190 +/- 10 min (mean +/- SE) as @entity4 decreased 35 +/- 5 mm Hg, while the 13 N @entity0 maintained blood pressure. @entity1 increased in all @entity0 and the increase was similar (60 +/- 5 and 56 +/- 6 Omega in H and N @entity0 , respectively). In N @entity0 TI did not change significantly for the first 2 h of HD, while it became elevated by 2.8 +/- 0.6 Omega (1.5 kHz) and 2.3 +/- 0.7 Omega (100 kHz) by the end of the dialysis. In H @entity0 , the increase in TI took place at the onset of HD to reach higher values (by 7.0 +/- 0.5 Omega at 1.5 kHz and 5.9 +/- 0.5 Omega at 100 kHz). Th(ICW) was changed only in H @entity0 (decreased by 7.9 +/- 2.1 Siemens (S) 10(-4), p < 0.05), while HR increased (9 +/- 2 beats/min) in 8 of 12 H @entity0 , while it decreased in 1 @entity0 (by 9 beats/min). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that in HD @entity0 @entity2 is elicited by a reduction in the central blood volume that affects heart rate and the distribution of red cells within the body. To prevent HD-induced hypotention, the ultrafiltration rate could be reduced when an increase in thoracic impedance approaches 5 Omega, or when an index of intracellular water decreases by 6 10(-4).

title: Can haemodialysis-induced XXXX be predicted?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fifty @entity0 with massive @entity2 were initially managed with emergency angiography. The average age was 67.2; mean hematocrit, 23.7; and average transfusion, 7.6 units. Thirty-six @entity0 (72%) had @entity3 site located; @entity3 sites were distributed throughout the colon. Etiologies of @entity3 included @entity1 (19 @entity0 ) and @entity4 (15 @entity0 ). Twenty of 22 (91%) @entity0 receiving selective intra-arterial @entity5 stopped @entity3 ; however, 50% rebled on cessation of @entity5 . Thirty-five of 50 (70%) @entity0 underwent surgery, with 57% operated on electively after @entity5 therapy. Seventeen @entity0 had segmental colectomy, with no rebleeding. Nine of the 17 @entity0 had @entity1 in the remaining colon. Operative morbidity in these 35 @entity0 was significantly improved when compared to previously reported @entity0 undergoing emergency subtotal colectomy without angiography (8.6% vs. 37%) (p less than 0.02). Emergency angiography successfully locates the @entity3 site, allowing for segmental colectomy. @entity5 infusion transiently halts @entity3 , permitting elective surgery in many instances.

title: Impact of emergency angiography in massive XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of treatment with allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for @entity6 -induced severe @entity5 . METHODS: HLA-compatible sibling (pregnancy) allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (Allo-PBSCT) was successfully performed for a @entity0 with severe @entity5 caused by @entity6 poisoning. 9.41 x 10(8) nucleated cells/kg, @entity1 x 10(6) CD(34) positive cells/kg and CFU-GM 8.2 x 10(5)/kg were infused. The @entity0 was treated with @entity3 (120 mg/kg), total body radiation (8 Gy) and anti-lymphocyte globulin (60 mg/kg) before transplantation. Donor buffy coat cells (9.02 x 10(8) nucleated cells/kg, 10.62 x 10(6) CD(34) positive cells/kg, 6.3 x 10(5) CFU-GM/kg) were infused again on day 18 after transplantation to prevent from graft failure. Graft versus host disease prophylaxis consisted of both @entity4 and @entity2 . RESULTS: The lowest ANC was 0, the lowest platelet was 3 x 10(9)/L after transplantation. The @entity0 achieved an ANC of greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/L from 21st day, and the platelet of greater than 50 x 10(9)/L from 28th day after transplantation. Grade I cGVHD was found the fourth month after grafting. Examination of recipient's bone marrow cells showed a normal 46, XX (presumably marrow donor) karyotype. Blood group changed from B to O. CONCLUSION: This is the first case reported in China showing a successful treatment of @entity6 -induced severe @entity5 with allo-PBSCT. Allo-PBSCT may be an effective remedy for this kind of @entity0 .

title: [The treatment with allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for @entity6 -induced severe XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of treatment with allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for @entity6 -induced severe @entity5 . METHODS: HLA-compatible sibling (pregnancy) allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (Allo-PBSCT) was successfully performed for a @entity0 with severe @entity5 caused by @entity6 poisoning. 9.41 x 10(8) nucleated cells/kg, @entity1 x 10(6) CD(34) positive cells/kg and CFU-GM 8.2 x 10(5)/kg were infused. The @entity0 was treated with @entity3 (120 mg/kg), total body radiation (8 Gy) and anti-lymphocyte globulin (60 mg/kg) before transplantation. Donor buffy coat cells (9.02 x 10(8) nucleated cells/kg, 10.62 x 10(6) CD(34) positive cells/kg, 6.3 x 10(5) CFU-GM/kg) were infused again on day 18 after transplantation to prevent from graft failure. Graft versus host disease prophylaxis consisted of both @entity4 and @entity2 . RESULTS: The lowest ANC was 0, the lowest platelet was 3 x 10(9)/L after transplantation. The @entity0 achieved an ANC of greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/L from 21st day, and the platelet of greater than 50 x 10(9)/L from 28th day after transplantation. Grade I cGVHD was found the fourth month after grafting. Examination of recipient's bone marrow cells showed a normal 46, XX (presumably marrow donor) karyotype. Blood group changed from B to O. CONCLUSION: This is the first case reported in China showing a successful treatment of @entity6 -induced severe @entity5 with allo-PBSCT. Allo-PBSCT may be an effective remedy for this kind of @entity0 .

title: [The treatment with allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for XXXX -induced severe @entity5 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: The effect of @entity3 on locomotor activity in @entity0 was studied and an attempt was made to elucidate the neuronal mechanisms involved. @entity8 (200 mg/kg, i.p.) administered acutely or daily for 7 days did not affect locomotor activity. A single injection of @entity7 at a low dose of 0.25 mg/kg (i.p.) markedly decreased locomotor activity but repeated injection of the drug produced hyperlocomotion accompanied by sniffing. @entity1 (1 mg/kg, i.p.), @entity4 (0.02 mg/kg, i.p.), thyrotropin releasing hormone (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or @entity7 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) exerted a biphasic action in locomotor activity, i.e. an initial increase and subsequent decrease. This initial hyperlocomotion induced by these drugs, except for @entity7 , was inhibited by @entity3 (200 mg/kg, i.p. X 1) or a low dose of @entity7 (0.25 mg/kg, i.p. X 1). The subsequent hypolocomotion was also attenuated by @entity3 , but not by @entity7 . @entity6 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the hyperlocomotion induced by @entity1 . The inhibitory effect of @entity5 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on locomotor activity was attenuated after repeated treatment with @entity3 (200 mg/kg, i.p. X 7) or @entity6 (10 mg/kg, i.p. X 7). The results suggest that @entity3 may inhibit dopaminergic neuron activities, probably not through an activation of presynaptic @entity2 autoreceptors.

title: Behavioral effects of XXXX on presynaptic sites of catecholaminergic neurons in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effect of @entity3 on locomotor activity in @entity0 was studied and an attempt was made to elucidate the neuronal mechanisms involved. @entity8 (200 mg/kg, i.p.) administered acutely or daily for 7 days did not affect locomotor activity. A single injection of @entity7 at a low dose of 0.25 mg/kg (i.p.) markedly decreased locomotor activity but repeated injection of the drug produced hyperlocomotion accompanied by sniffing. @entity1 (1 mg/kg, i.p.), @entity4 (0.02 mg/kg, i.p.), thyrotropin releasing hormone (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or @entity7 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) exerted a biphasic action in locomotor activity, i.e. an initial increase and subsequent decrease. This initial hyperlocomotion induced by these drugs, except for @entity7 , was inhibited by @entity3 (200 mg/kg, i.p. X 1) or a low dose of @entity7 (0.25 mg/kg, i.p. X 1). The subsequent hypolocomotion was also attenuated by @entity3 , but not by @entity7 . @entity6 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the hyperlocomotion induced by @entity1 . The inhibitory effect of @entity5 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on locomotor activity was attenuated after repeated treatment with @entity3 (200 mg/kg, i.p. X 7) or @entity6 (10 mg/kg, i.p. X 7). The results suggest that @entity3 may inhibit dopaminergic neuron activities, probably not through an activation of presynaptic @entity2 autoreceptors.

title: Behavioral effects of @entity3 on presynaptic sites of catecholaminergic neurons in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Mycelium vacuolization, protein degradation, and as the final stage autolysis, often accompanies developmental changes in fungi and similarities between autolysis and apoptosis have previously been suggested. Caspases are the key executors of apoptosis and in this study caspase-like activities were detected in protein extracts from @entity3 during sporulation. This was shown by hydrolysis of the fluorescent DEVD- and IETD-AFC peptide substrates specific for caspase 3- and 8-like activities, respectively. These activities were repressed by the caspase 3 and 8 specific irreversible peptide inhibitors DEVD-fmk and IETD-fmk, but were not affected by the unspecific inhibitor @entity4 . Isoelectric focusing of protein extracts followed by activity staining revealed the presence of two bands with caspase-like activity. One of the proteins degraded both caspase 3 and caspase 8 specific substrates whereas the other only degraded the caspase 8 substrate. Searches in an A. nidulans genome database revealed two genes encoding metacaspase proteins with predicted sizes of 45 kDa that could be responsible for the measured caspase-like activities. The searches also found a single gene encoding a @entity2 polymerase (PARP) protein with a predicted size of 81 kDa. PARP is one of the known target proteins inactivated by caspase degradation in animal cells. Western blotting of fungal extracts using a bovine PARP antibody confirmed the presence of a fungal PARP-like protein of about 81 kDa. By Western blotting it was shown that this PARP-like protein band was present only at early time points until the start of conidia formation and the accompanying @entity1 . Thereafter, a degradation product of about 60 kDa appeared indicating that the degradation of the fungal PARP-like protein was specific. The PARP antibody also recognized an 85 kDa protein band that was not degraded, and which conceivably represents a modified form of the 81 kDa PARP. Fungal extracts high in caspase-like activity could degrade both the fungal 81 kDa PARP and @entity0 PARP. In the presence of the caspase 3 inhibitor DEVD-fmk this degradation was delayed. Thus, as in animal apoptotic cells, caspase activities are involved in fungal mycelium self-activated proteolysis.

title: Activation of caspase-like activity and @entity2 polymerase degradation during sporulation in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Mycelium vacuolization, protein degradation, and as the final stage autolysis, often accompanies developmental changes in fungi and similarities between autolysis and apoptosis have previously been suggested. Caspases are the key executors of apoptosis and in this study caspase-like activities were detected in protein extracts from @entity3 during sporulation. This was shown by hydrolysis of the fluorescent DEVD- and IETD-AFC peptide substrates specific for caspase 3- and 8-like activities, respectively. These activities were repressed by the caspase 3 and 8 specific irreversible peptide inhibitors DEVD-fmk and IETD-fmk, but were not affected by the unspecific inhibitor @entity4 . Isoelectric focusing of protein extracts followed by activity staining revealed the presence of two bands with caspase-like activity. One of the proteins degraded both caspase 3 and caspase 8 specific substrates whereas the other only degraded the caspase 8 substrate. Searches in an A. nidulans genome database revealed two genes encoding metacaspase proteins with predicted sizes of 45 kDa that could be responsible for the measured caspase-like activities. The searches also found a single gene encoding a @entity2 polymerase (PARP) protein with a predicted size of 81 kDa. PARP is one of the known target proteins inactivated by caspase degradation in animal cells. Western blotting of fungal extracts using a bovine PARP antibody confirmed the presence of a fungal PARP-like protein of about 81 kDa. By Western blotting it was shown that this PARP-like protein band was present only at early time points until the start of conidia formation and the accompanying @entity1 . Thereafter, a degradation product of about 60 kDa appeared indicating that the degradation of the fungal PARP-like protein was specific. The PARP antibody also recognized an 85 kDa protein band that was not degraded, and which conceivably represents a modified form of the 81 kDa PARP. Fungal extracts high in caspase-like activity could degrade both the fungal 81 kDa PARP and @entity0 PARP. In the presence of the caspase 3 inhibitor DEVD-fmk this degradation was delayed. Thus, as in animal apoptotic cells, caspase activities are involved in fungal mycelium self-activated proteolysis.

title: Activation of caspase-like activity and XXXX polymerase degradation during sporulation in @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between cognitive ability in childhood and mid-life @entity1 in the normal population. DESIGN: Longitudinal, population based, birth cohort study. @entity0 : 2058 @entity0 and @entity0 born in 1946. MAIN STUDY MEASURES: Ability in childhood measured by AH4 and test of verbal comprehension at age 15 years. Ability in adulthood measured by the national adult reading test (NART) at age 53 years. Outcome measures were decline in memory (word list learning) and speed and concentration (timed visual search) from age 43 to 53 years. RESULTS: Ability in childhood was significantly and negatively associated with decline in memory (beta = 0.09, P = 0.005, for @entity0 ; 0.10, P < 0.001, for @entity0 ) and search speed (beta = 0.13, P < 0.001, for @entity0 ; 0.08, P = 0.01, for @entity0 ), independent of educational attainment, occupational social class, and a range of health indicators. The adult reading test was also significantly and negatively associated with decline in these outcomes (for memory beta = 0.21, P < 0.001, for @entity0 ; 0.17, P < 0.001, for @entity0 ; and for search speed beta = -0.05 for @entity0 ; 0.10, P = 0.008 for @entity0 ) independent of educational attainment, social class, and childhood ability. CONCLUSIONS: Ability in childhood can protect against @entity1 in mid-life and beyond. Results for the adult reading test indicate that the protective effect of ability may also be acquired in adulthood.

title: XXXX in childhood and @entity1 in mid-life: longitudinal birth cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between cognitive ability in childhood and mid-life @entity1 in the normal population. DESIGN: Longitudinal, population based, birth cohort study. @entity0 : 2058 @entity0 and @entity0 born in 1946. MAIN STUDY MEASURES: Ability in childhood measured by AH4 and test of verbal comprehension at age 15 years. Ability in adulthood measured by the national adult reading test (NART) at age 53 years. Outcome measures were decline in memory (word list learning) and speed and concentration (timed visual search) from age 43 to 53 years. RESULTS: Ability in childhood was significantly and negatively associated with decline in memory (beta = 0.09, P = 0.005, for @entity0 ; 0.10, P < 0.001, for @entity0 ) and search speed (beta = 0.13, P < 0.001, for @entity0 ; 0.08, P = 0.01, for @entity0 ), independent of educational attainment, occupational social class, and a range of health indicators. The adult reading test was also significantly and negatively associated with decline in these outcomes (for memory beta = 0.21, P < 0.001, for @entity0 ; 0.17, P < 0.001, for @entity0 ; and for search speed beta = -0.05 for @entity0 ; 0.10, P = 0.008 for @entity0 ) independent of educational attainment, social class, and childhood ability. CONCLUSIONS: Ability in childhood can protect against @entity1 in mid-life and beyond. Results for the adult reading test indicate that the protective effect of ability may also be acquired in adulthood.

title: @entity1 in childhood and XXXX in mid-life: longitudinal birth cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The binding of C10 RNA oligomers to wild type and mutant @entity1 transcription termination factor Rho provides a model for the enzyme-RNA interactions that lead to transcription termination. One surprising finding is that wild type Rho binds between five and six C10 oligomers per hexamer with KD = 0.3 microm, and five to six additional C10 molecules with KD = 7 microm. Previously, approximately half this number of oligomer-binding sites was reported (Wang, Y., and @entity0 . H. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 13947-13955); however, the @entity4 mutant form of Rho, thought at the time to be wild type, was used in that work. The present results with @entity4 Rho agree with the earlier work. C10 binding with mutant forms of Rho that are altered in RNA interactions, bearing @entity2 changes @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity6 , or @entity9 , indicate that the higher affinity binding sites constitute what has been termed the primary RNA site, and the lower affinity sites constitute the secondary sites. The binding data together with the crystal structures for wild type Rho (Skordalakes, E., and Berger, J. M. (2003) Cell 114, 135-146) support structurally distinct locations on Rho for the two classes of C10-binding sites. The results are consistent with participation of residues 33 A apart in secondary site RNA interactions. The data further indicate that not all RNA sites on Rho must be filled for full @entity3 and transcription termination activity, and suggest a model in which RNA binding to the higher affinity sites leads to a protein conformation change that exposes the previously hidden lower affinity sites.

title: The binding of C10 oligomers to XXXX transcription termination factor Rho.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Ductlike tubular complexes in @entity5 -induced @entity2 and @entity4 -induced @entity3 were studied to analyze further their origin and development. Immunocytochemistry for pancreatic enzymes, lectin-binding studies, and ultrastructural investigations were combined with autoradiographic quantitation of labeling indices of ductlike cells in tubular complexes. In one group of @entity0 , @entity2 was induced by infusion of @entity5 (10 micrograms kg-1 h-1). In a second group, @entity3 was induced by intraductal injection of @entity4 (50 microliters). The investigations were carried out at distinct intervals following induction of @entity1 . In both groups of animals, after 3 days, a significant widening of acinar lumina was paralleled by a decreasing height of acinar cells, which showed pronounced retrogressive changes. At this time, acinar cells bound all of the lectins used and retained their immunoreactivity for @entity7 . At further intervals, acinar structures formed typical ductlike complexes, with a progressive loss of immunoreactivity for pancreatic enzymes and a reduced lectin-binding for @entity6 and @entity8 . Autoradiographic quantitation demonstrated no significant labeling of acinar cells undergoing tubular dedifferentiation. In both models, tubular complexes were removed by macrophages. It is concluded that lining cells in tubular complexes represent degenerating acinar cells that have no regenerative potency and have lost their secretory and membrane characteristics.

title: Tubular complexes in @entity5 - and @entity4 -induced XXXX in @entity0 : glycoconjugate pattern, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural findings.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Ductlike tubular complexes in @entity5 -induced @entity2 and @entity4 -induced @entity3 were studied to analyze further their origin and development. Immunocytochemistry for pancreatic enzymes, lectin-binding studies, and ultrastructural investigations were combined with autoradiographic quantitation of labeling indices of ductlike cells in tubular complexes. In one group of @entity0 , @entity2 was induced by infusion of @entity5 (10 micrograms kg-1 h-1). In a second group, @entity3 was induced by intraductal injection of @entity4 (50 microliters). The investigations were carried out at distinct intervals following induction of @entity1 . In both groups of animals, after 3 days, a significant widening of acinar lumina was paralleled by a decreasing height of acinar cells, which showed pronounced retrogressive changes. At this time, acinar cells bound all of the lectins used and retained their immunoreactivity for @entity7 . At further intervals, acinar structures formed typical ductlike complexes, with a progressive loss of immunoreactivity for pancreatic enzymes and a reduced lectin-binding for @entity6 and @entity8 . Autoradiographic quantitation demonstrated no significant labeling of acinar cells undergoing tubular dedifferentiation. In both models, tubular complexes were removed by macrophages. It is concluded that lining cells in tubular complexes represent degenerating acinar cells that have no regenerative potency and have lost their secretory and membrane characteristics.

title: Tubular complexes in XXXX - and @entity4 -induced @entity2 in @entity0 : glycoconjugate pattern, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural findings.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Ductlike tubular complexes in @entity5 -induced @entity2 and @entity4 -induced @entity3 were studied to analyze further their origin and development. Immunocytochemistry for pancreatic enzymes, lectin-binding studies, and ultrastructural investigations were combined with autoradiographic quantitation of labeling indices of ductlike cells in tubular complexes. In one group of @entity0 , @entity2 was induced by infusion of @entity5 (10 micrograms kg-1 h-1). In a second group, @entity3 was induced by intraductal injection of @entity4 (50 microliters). The investigations were carried out at distinct intervals following induction of @entity1 . In both groups of animals, after 3 days, a significant widening of acinar lumina was paralleled by a decreasing height of acinar cells, which showed pronounced retrogressive changes. At this time, acinar cells bound all of the lectins used and retained their immunoreactivity for @entity7 . At further intervals, acinar structures formed typical ductlike complexes, with a progressive loss of immunoreactivity for pancreatic enzymes and a reduced lectin-binding for @entity6 and @entity8 . Autoradiographic quantitation demonstrated no significant labeling of acinar cells undergoing tubular dedifferentiation. In both models, tubular complexes were removed by macrophages. It is concluded that lining cells in tubular complexes represent degenerating acinar cells that have no regenerative potency and have lost their secretory and membrane characteristics.

title: Tubular complexes in @entity5 - and XXXX -induced @entity2 in @entity0 : glycoconjugate pattern, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural findings.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Ductlike tubular complexes in @entity5 -induced @entity2 and @entity4 -induced @entity3 were studied to analyze further their origin and development. Immunocytochemistry for pancreatic enzymes, lectin-binding studies, and ultrastructural investigations were combined with autoradiographic quantitation of labeling indices of ductlike cells in tubular complexes. In one group of @entity0 , @entity2 was induced by infusion of @entity5 (10 micrograms kg-1 h-1). In a second group, @entity3 was induced by intraductal injection of @entity4 (50 microliters). The investigations were carried out at distinct intervals following induction of @entity1 . In both groups of animals, after 3 days, a significant widening of acinar lumina was paralleled by a decreasing height of acinar cells, which showed pronounced retrogressive changes. At this time, acinar cells bound all of the lectins used and retained their immunoreactivity for @entity7 . At further intervals, acinar structures formed typical ductlike complexes, with a progressive loss of immunoreactivity for pancreatic enzymes and a reduced lectin-binding for @entity6 and @entity8 . Autoradiographic quantitation demonstrated no significant labeling of acinar cells undergoing tubular dedifferentiation. In both models, tubular complexes were removed by macrophages. It is concluded that lining cells in tubular complexes represent degenerating acinar cells that have no regenerative potency and have lost their secretory and membrane characteristics.

title: Tubular complexes in @entity5 - and @entity4 -induced @entity2 in XXXX : glycoconjugate pattern, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural findings.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Recent EPA scrutiny of @entity4 and @entity5 monomers has resulted in restrictive consent orders and Significant New Use Rules under the Toxic Substances Control Act, based on structure-activity relationships using @entity1 skin painting studies. The concern is centered on @entity0 health issues regarding worker and consumer exposure. Environmental issues, such as @entity2 , are still of concern. Understanding the relationships and environmental risks to aquatic organisms may improve the understanding of the potential risks to @entity0 health. This study evaluates the quantitative structure-activity relationships from measured log Kow's and log LC50's for Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Scientific support of the current regulations is also addressed. Two monomer classes were designated: @entity6 and @entity7 . Spearman rank correlation and linear regression were run. Based on this study, an ecotoxicological difference exists between @entity6 and @entity7 . Regulatory activities and scientific study should reflect this difference.

title: XXXX of @entity6 and @entity7 : quantitative structure-activity relationships based on Kow and LC50.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recent EPA scrutiny of @entity4 and @entity5 monomers has resulted in restrictive consent orders and Significant New Use Rules under the Toxic Substances Control Act, based on structure-activity relationships using @entity1 skin painting studies. The concern is centered on @entity0 health issues regarding worker and consumer exposure. Environmental issues, such as @entity2 , are still of concern. Understanding the relationships and environmental risks to aquatic organisms may improve the understanding of the potential risks to @entity0 health. This study evaluates the quantitative structure-activity relationships from measured log Kow's and log LC50's for Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Scientific support of the current regulations is also addressed. Two monomer classes were designated: @entity6 and @entity7 . Spearman rank correlation and linear regression were run. Based on this study, an ecotoxicological difference exists between @entity6 and @entity7 . Regulatory activities and scientific study should reflect this difference.

title: @entity2 of XXXX and @entity7 : quantitative structure-activity relationships based on Kow and LC50.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Recent EPA scrutiny of @entity4 and @entity5 monomers has resulted in restrictive consent orders and Significant New Use Rules under the Toxic Substances Control Act, based on structure-activity relationships using @entity1 skin painting studies. The concern is centered on @entity0 health issues regarding worker and consumer exposure. Environmental issues, such as @entity2 , are still of concern. Understanding the relationships and environmental risks to aquatic organisms may improve the understanding of the potential risks to @entity0 health. This study evaluates the quantitative structure-activity relationships from measured log Kow's and log LC50's for Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Scientific support of the current regulations is also addressed. Two monomer classes were designated: @entity6 and @entity7 . Spearman rank correlation and linear regression were run. Based on this study, an ecotoxicological difference exists between @entity6 and @entity7 . Regulatory activities and scientific study should reflect this difference.

title: @entity2 of @entity6 and XXXX : quantitative structure-activity relationships based on Kow and LC50.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Migration of @entity10 into the gallbladder is rare, unlike @entity8 of the bile duct, and, when it does occur, treatment is generally by endoscopic or surgical extraction. We describe a case of the successful treatment of @entity6 with conservative therapy. A 44-year-old Korean @entity0 was admitted because of @entity4 and right upper @entity2 that did not respond to medical control and had worsened 1 day before admission. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a long, linear, moving echogenic structure in the distended lumen of the gallbladder, but no abnormal dilation of the bile duct. Computerized tomography showed a linear soft-tissue density in the dependent portion of the gallbladder. The @entity0 presented with @entity7 , and @entity5 results, but no fever or @entity3 . Based on these findings, and presuming a diagnosis of @entity6 , we administered antiparasitic medication ( @entity9 400 mg/day for 1 day). Seven days later, we obtained one adult female A. lumbricoides from the feces. The symptoms were fully resolved, and no moving structure could be visualized in the gallbladder by ultrasonography. We recommend that initial therapy for @entity6 should involve conservative treatment, unless an @entity1 is present or a complication arises.

title: Successful elimination of XXXX from the gallbladder by conservative medical therapy.

answer: @entity10


abstract: The efficacy of beta blockers to control hand @entity1 remains equivocal. This study evaluated the effectiveness of @entity2 , as well as a postural orthotic, in reducing movement deviation during a laboratory exercise. Eleven volunteers completed three randomized trials involving administration of @entity2 , a placebo, or a postural orthotic. Drug administration was blinded. Each trial consisted of a simulated 2-hr clinical procedure, punctuated by video recordings of the subject's hand motion during a standardized pattern of instrument movement. ECRL EMG activity and digital @entity0 perfusion were also measured. Recordings were converted into estimates of linear variance at baseline and 1 and 2 hr. A repeated-measures ANOVA, or the Friedman test, were used to assess significant differences. Movement deviation, EMG activity, and @entity0 perfusion were unaffected by the duration of exercise or treatment (P > or = 0.454). We conclude that none of the treatments accorded a significant benefit in allaying hand @entity1 .

title: Effect of @entity2 vs. a postural orthotic on hand XXXX during microsurgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The efficacy of beta blockers to control hand @entity1 remains equivocal. This study evaluated the effectiveness of @entity2 , as well as a postural orthotic, in reducing movement deviation during a laboratory exercise. Eleven volunteers completed three randomized trials involving administration of @entity2 , a placebo, or a postural orthotic. Drug administration was blinded. Each trial consisted of a simulated 2-hr clinical procedure, punctuated by video recordings of the subject's hand motion during a standardized pattern of instrument movement. ECRL EMG activity and digital @entity0 perfusion were also measured. Recordings were converted into estimates of linear variance at baseline and 1 and 2 hr. A repeated-measures ANOVA, or the Friedman test, were used to assess significant differences. Movement deviation, EMG activity, and @entity0 perfusion were unaffected by the duration of exercise or treatment (P > or = 0.454). We conclude that none of the treatments accorded a significant benefit in allaying hand @entity1 .

title: Effect of XXXX vs. a postural orthotic on hand @entity1 during microsurgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if synovial fluid (SF) cells from inflamed joints of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) express melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) RNA and protein. METHODS: The pattern of @entity6 expression was analyzed in inflammatory synovial tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from @entity0 with @entity2 by immunocytochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometry. RESULTS: @entity6 , previously detected only in @entity1 cells, is strongly expressed in SF cells from @entity0 with @entity2 . Immunocytochemistry revealed strong staining of SF cells in all of 22 specimens tested. PBMC from @entity0 (7 of 7) also expressed @entity6 , but not as strongly as SF cells. Two-color immunofluorescence showed colocalization with @entity3 and @entity5 . Flow cytometry on 3 samples of SF cells confirmed the presence of @entity6 on the cell surface and intracellularly. Five of 5 SF cell samples were positive for @entity6 by RT-PCR. CONCLUSION: Mononuclear cells from inflamed joints and blood from @entity0 with @entity2 express @entity6 . MAGE family proteins were previously thought to be expressed only by certain @entity1 and presented by HLA Class I, resulting in @entity1 cell lysis by cytotoxic T cells. The observation of @entity6 expression in @entity2 suggests an association with @entity4 and a possible causal role for MAGE antigen in the chronic inflammation of @entity2 .

title: Expression of melanoma antigen gene by cells from inflamed joints in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The first objective was to assess the association of renal function with maternal and fetal pregnancy outcome in @entity0 with @entity5 . The second objective was to examine the feasibility of a multicenter surveillance program to determine the rates of maternal and fetal pregnancy complications in @entity0 with @entity5 , and to study the effect of pregnancy on the natural history of @entity5 . METHODS: In order to address the first objective, we analyzed data from @entity0 with @entity3 1 @entity1 and @entity2 enrolled in the @entity1 in Pregnancy Program at our institution. @entity0 were assigned to one of three groups according to enrolment serum @entity4 concentration: < or = 1.0 mg/dl, > 1.0 to 1.5 mg/dl and > 1.5 mg/dl. A pilot surveillance program at six centers included @entity0 experiencing pregnancy complicated by @entity5 . In both studies, medical and obstetric history, and maternal and neonatal outcomes, were recorded. Statistical analysis included chi2, logistic regression and analysis of variance. RESULTS: There were 72 pregnancies in 58 @entity0 with @entity5 who enrolled in the pregnancy program. High serum @entity4 concentration at enrolment was associated with delivery before 32 weeks' gestation, very low birth weight and increased incidence of @entity6 , independent of quantity of total urinary protein excretion and glycemic control in any trimester. To date, pilot surveillance data have been obtained from six centers on 16 women. Serum @entity4 concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 1.1 mg/dl and @entity4 clearance from 32 to 317 m/min. Gestational age at delivery ranged from 22 to 39 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: High serum @entity4 concentration at enrolment is a risk factor for adverse maternal and neonatal outcome, independent of quantity of total urinary protein excretion and glycemic control during any trimester. A multicenter surveillance program is needed, in order to study less frequent maternal and neonatal outcomes as well as the long-term effects of pregnancy on the natural course of @entity5 .

title: Pregnancy outcome and progression of XXXX . What's next?

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of @entity4 therapy on maternal and fetal osmolality in @entity3 . METHODS: A total of 34 pre-eclamptic @entity0 and 22 normal pregnant @entity0 participated in the study. Venous blood was drawn upon admission to the labor and delivery unit. Pre-eclamptic @entity0 received standard @entity4 therapy and had a second sample of venous blood drawn 4 h following the beginning of therapy. Fetal umbilical vein blood was obtained immediately following delivery in both groups. Osmolality was measured using a vapor pressure osmometer. Electrolyte levels were measured with a NOVA 8 biomedical analyzer. Data were analyzed via Student's t test, linear regression and correlation with significance established at p < 0.05. RESULTS: We found no significant difference between the maternal osmolalities of the control and pre-eclamptic groups. Interestingly, fetal cord blood osmolality was significantly lower than maternal osmolality in the normal pregnant @entity0 . Sodium levels were also lower, while @entity2 and ionized @entity1 levels were higher in the fetal blood. In @entity0 with @entity3 treated with @entity4 , there was no difference between the osmolality of the maternal and fetal blood, while @entity2 and ionized @entity1 levels were still higher in the fetal blood. Finally, we found no correlation between maternal osmolality and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: High blood pressure in @entity3 is not associated with altered osmolality. An absence of the normal decrease in fetal osmolality is observed in pre-eclamptic @entity0 treated with @entity4 .

title: Maternal-fetal effects of @entity4 on serum osmolality in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of @entity4 therapy on maternal and fetal osmolality in @entity3 . METHODS: A total of 34 pre-eclamptic @entity0 and 22 normal pregnant @entity0 participated in the study. Venous blood was drawn upon admission to the labor and delivery unit. Pre-eclamptic @entity0 received standard @entity4 therapy and had a second sample of venous blood drawn 4 h following the beginning of therapy. Fetal umbilical vein blood was obtained immediately following delivery in both groups. Osmolality was measured using a vapor pressure osmometer. Electrolyte levels were measured with a NOVA 8 biomedical analyzer. Data were analyzed via Student's t test, linear regression and correlation with significance established at p < 0.05. RESULTS: We found no significant difference between the maternal osmolalities of the control and pre-eclamptic groups. Interestingly, fetal cord blood osmolality was significantly lower than maternal osmolality in the normal pregnant @entity0 . Sodium levels were also lower, while @entity2 and ionized @entity1 levels were higher in the fetal blood. In @entity0 with @entity3 treated with @entity4 , there was no difference between the osmolality of the maternal and fetal blood, while @entity2 and ionized @entity1 levels were still higher in the fetal blood. Finally, we found no correlation between maternal osmolality and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: High blood pressure in @entity3 is not associated with altered osmolality. An absence of the normal decrease in fetal osmolality is observed in pre-eclamptic @entity0 treated with @entity4 .

title: Maternal-fetal effects of XXXX on serum osmolality in @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is already known that for @entity0 @entity1 , an axillary dissection or locoregional radiation has no major effect on survival with a simple mastectomy. We analyzed whether axillary dissection improved the prognosis for breast conservation surgery. METHODS: From 1982 to 1995, 31 @entity1 underwent axillary dissection and 33 did not in association with breast conservation surgery performed at our institution. Median follow up was at 55 months, ranging from 3 to 210. Survival rates of @entity1 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: In the dissection group, 8 @entity1 had recurrence and 5 died within 3 years, yielding a relapse-free survival rate of 71%. In the non-dissection group, 7 @entity1 had recurrence, 3 died within 3 years, with a relapse-free survival rate of 79%. Figures for overall survival, relapse-free except breast and relapse-free for breast at 5 years were 93%, 73%, and 96% for the dissection group, and 93%, 89%, and 89% for the non-dissection group, respectively. No difference was found in survival rates between the two groups. Adjusted by @entity3 's regression analysis, survival rates of overall, relapse-free, relapse-free except breast and relapse-free for breast, at 5 years were 86%, 71%, 77%, and 90% for the dissection group, and 100%, 78%, 85%, and 95% for the non-dissection group, respectively. No survival benefit was found in axillary dissection. The first site of recurrence was in the affected breast in 3 @entity1 and in other sites in 5 @entity1 for the dissection group, while for the non-dissection group it was in the affected axilla in 1 @entity1 , the skin of the affected breast in 1 @entity1 , the affected breast in 3 @entity1 , and other sites in 2 @entity1 . In the non-dissection group, a @entity1 who had recurrence on the skin of the affected breast, subsequently had an axillary recurrence on the same side with plexus paresis. CONCLUSION: In breast conservation, prophylactic axillary dissection seems to be omitted, but the axilla of the affected side should be examined for @entity2 while treatment is possible.

title: Retrospective study of conservation surgery for XXXX with or without axillary dissection.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 is a @entity0 characterized by @entity2 . Significant evidence supports enhanced apoptosis of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of @entity2 in @entity4 . However, the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for the apoptotic phenotype are incompletely understood. Here, we tested whether alterations in the activation of a redox-dependent pathway may participate in the pro-apoptotic phenotype of primary @entity3 -/- cells in response to oxidative stress. Our data indicate that @entity3 -/- cells are highly sensitive to oxidant stimuli and undergo enhanced oxidant-mediated apoptosis compared with wild type controls. In addition, antioxidants preferentially enhanced the survival of @entity3 -/- cells. Because oxidative stress activates the redox-dependent @entity5 pathway, we assessed whether @entity3 -/- cells exhibited increased oxidant-induced @entity5 activation. Our results revealed @entity5 hyperactivation in @entity1 -treated @entity3 -/- cells. Furthermore, using small interfering RNAs to decrease @entity5 expression and a dominant negative @entity5 mutant to inhibit @entity5 kinase activity, we determined that @entity1 -induced apoptosis was @entity5 -dependent. Collectively, these data argue that the predisposition of @entity3 -/- hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to apoptosis is mediated in part through altered redox regulation and @entity5 hyperactivation.

title: Oxidant XXXX type C-deficient cells is dependent on a redox-regulated apoptotic pathway.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Lipoproteins and molecules for pattern recognition are centrally important in the innate immune response of both vertebrates and invertebrates. @entity0 apolipoproteins such as @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are involved in @entity2 , phagocytosis, and possibly pattern recognition. The multifunctional insect protein, apolipophorin III (apoLp-III), is homologous to @entity3 . In this study we describe novel roles for apoLp-III in pattern recognition and multicellular encapsulation reactions in the innate immune response, which may be of direct relevance to @entity0 systems. It is known that apoLp-III stimulates antimicrobial peptide production in insect blood, enhances phagocytosis by insect blood cells (hemocytes), and binds and detoxifies @entity2 and lipoteichoic acid. In the present study we show that apoLp-III from the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, also binds to fungal conidia and @entity5 -glucan and therefore may act as a pattern recognition molecule for multiple microbial and parasitic invaders. This protein also stimulates increases in cellular encapsulation of nonself particles by the blood cells and exerts shorter term, time-dependent, modulatory effects on cell attachment and spreading. All these responses are dose dependent, occur within physiological levels, and, with the notable exception of beta-glucan binding, are only observed with the lipid-associated form of apoLp-III. Preliminary studies also established a beneficial role for apoLp-III in the in vivo response to an entomopathogenic fungus. These data suggest a wide range of immune functions for a multiple specificity pattern recognition molecule and may provide a useful model for identifying further potential roles for homologous proteins in @entity0 immunology, particularly in terms of @entity1 , @entity4 , and granulomatous reactions.

title: A novel role for an insect apolipoprotein (apolipophorin III) in XXXX -glucan pattern recognition and cellular encapsulation reactions.

answer: @entity5


abstract: After inactivation of RNase inhibitor by @entity7 , total alkaline RNase activity was found to be two fold higher in white matter as in grey matter extracts from @entity0 brain tissue. This activity was lower in @entity0 purified myelin. Two @entity0 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) RNase isoenzymes of group 3 (a minor one, @entity8 .1, and a major one, @entity8 .2) were found to be present in @entity0 grey and white matter extracts and in purified myelin, but absent in human serum, peripheral nerve, liver, and spleen extracts. A RNase isoenzyme similar to central nervous system (CNS) @entity8 .2 was present in @entity0 kidney extracts but it differed in its @entity5 structure. RNase isoenzymes 3.1 and 3.2 were not found in @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity4 brains. Thus, @entity9 .2 seem specific to @entity0 CNS. RNases of group 3 are the predominant RNase isoenzymes in CSF and one of the two predominant RNase groups in brain tissue. However, the proportion of RNases of group 3 is different in CSF and in brain extracts: RNases 3.1-3.2 are the major constituents of group 3 RNases in brain tissue, while another RNase isoenzyme of group 3, @entity8 .0, which is more glycosylated than RNases 3.1-3.2, is only a minor part of RNase of group 3 in brain extracts. Conversely, RNases 3.1-3.2 are lower or equivalent to @entity8 .0 in control CSF since the ratio of RNases 3.1-3.2 to @entity8 .0 did not exceed 1.0. This ratio decreased in pathological CSF including @entity1 or @entity6 that were free of transudation phenomena. In conclusion, CSF RNases 3.1-3.2 seem to originate in brain tissue and could be markers of RNA catabolism from brain cells.

title: Specific RNase isoenzymes in the XXXX central nervous system.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 is the major cause of morbidity in @entity3 . To feature the spinal involvement, 54 @entity0 with active @entity3 (27 @entity0 , 27 @entity0 ; age range, 21-69 yr) and 54 sex-, age-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this observational analytical prospective case-control study. A questionnaire to describe onset, duration, and severity of articular symptoms; rheumatological examination, including vertebral and chest mobility, Schober test, thorax expansion, and axial radiological study; and @entity2 , GH, insulin, and @entity1 level measurement (baseline and after an oral @entity1 tolerance test) was used to investigate the prevalence of @entity4 and correlate these findings with hormonal parameters. Axial @entity4 was found in 28 @entity0 (52%) and 12 controls (22%; chi(2) = 8.9; P = 0.003). In detail, spinal mobility was reduced in 30 @entity0 (56%) and 10 controls (18%; chi(2) = 14.3; P < 0.0001), thoracic cage was involved in six @entity0 (11%), alterations of spinal profile were observed in 37 @entity0 (68%) and 15 controls (28%; chi(2) = 16.3; P < 0.0001), and increased L2 vertebra diameters were observed in 34 @entity0 (63%) and none of the controls (chi(2) = 46.7; P < 0.0001). Narrowing and widening of L2-L3 disk space were found in 20 (37%) and seven (13%) @entity0 , respectively. Features of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were found in 11 @entity0 (20%) and none of the controls (chi(2) = 10.1; P < 0.001). Disease duration was correlated with vertebral body height (P = 0.001) or intervertebral space height (P = 0.02), and lumbar mobility with thorax expansion (P = 0.004); @entity5 severity was correlated with basal (P = 0.04) and peak (P = 0.01) @entity1 levels after @entity1 load. In conclusion, chronic GH and @entity2 excess typically affects the axial skeleton with development of severe alterations of spine morphology and function until features of @entity5 occur. An early diagnosis of @entity3 is mandatory to reduce the severity of spine abnormalities as they were significantly higher in @entity0 with longer disease duration.

title: XXXX : a clinical case-control study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Thirty-three @entity0 with @entity5 associated with the @entity4 were treated with @entity6 for 26 months (mean). @entity6 at a mean dosage of 187 mg/day abolished or markedly decreased episodes of palpitations in 24 of 33 (73%), and no @entity0 had @entity2 or required cardioversion while receiving the drug. @entity6 was well tolerated and was discontinued in only 2 @entity0 because of side effects (6%). Only 1 @entity0 (3%) had a proarrhythmic effect while taking @entity6 ( @entity3 ). Fourteen of 16 @entity0 (88%) with @entity1 continue receiving @entity6 . Episodes of palpitations have been abolished or markedly decreased and no @entity0 has had @entity2 or required cardioversion. All 14 of these @entity0 had either anterograde block in the accessory pathway during @entity1 or greater than or equal to 75 ms increase in the shortest R to R interval formed by 2 preexcited QRS complexes. @entity6 prolonged refractory periods of the atrial (p = 0.064) and ventricular (p = 0.061) muscle. It prolonged the cycle length at which 1:1 conduction of the accessory pathway in both the anterograde and retrograde directions occurred (both, p less than 0.001). Induction of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) was prevented in 36% of @entity0 at repeat electrophysiologic study. The @entity7 cycle length increased 112 ms (mean, p less than 0.001) in those @entity0 in whom @entity7 was still inducible. The loss of delta waves recorded with the 12-lead scalar electrocardiogram during @entity6 therapy was a significant predictor of anterograde accessory pathway block (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity6 for treatment of @entity5 associated with the XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Thirty-three @entity0 with @entity5 associated with the @entity4 were treated with @entity6 for 26 months (mean). @entity6 at a mean dosage of 187 mg/day abolished or markedly decreased episodes of palpitations in 24 of 33 (73%), and no @entity0 had @entity2 or required cardioversion while receiving the drug. @entity6 was well tolerated and was discontinued in only 2 @entity0 because of side effects (6%). Only 1 @entity0 (3%) had a proarrhythmic effect while taking @entity6 ( @entity3 ). Fourteen of 16 @entity0 (88%) with @entity1 continue receiving @entity6 . Episodes of palpitations have been abolished or markedly decreased and no @entity0 has had @entity2 or required cardioversion. All 14 of these @entity0 had either anterograde block in the accessory pathway during @entity1 or greater than or equal to 75 ms increase in the shortest R to R interval formed by 2 preexcited QRS complexes. @entity6 prolonged refractory periods of the atrial (p = 0.064) and ventricular (p = 0.061) muscle. It prolonged the cycle length at which 1:1 conduction of the accessory pathway in both the anterograde and retrograde directions occurred (both, p less than 0.001). Induction of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) was prevented in 36% of @entity0 at repeat electrophysiologic study. The @entity7 cycle length increased 112 ms (mean, p less than 0.001) in those @entity0 in whom @entity7 was still inducible. The loss of delta waves recorded with the 12-lead scalar electrocardiogram during @entity6 therapy was a significant predictor of anterograde accessory pathway block (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX for treatment of @entity5 associated with the @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Thirty-three @entity0 with @entity5 associated with the @entity4 were treated with @entity6 for 26 months (mean). @entity6 at a mean dosage of 187 mg/day abolished or markedly decreased episodes of palpitations in 24 of 33 (73%), and no @entity0 had @entity2 or required cardioversion while receiving the drug. @entity6 was well tolerated and was discontinued in only 2 @entity0 because of side effects (6%). Only 1 @entity0 (3%) had a proarrhythmic effect while taking @entity6 ( @entity3 ). Fourteen of 16 @entity0 (88%) with @entity1 continue receiving @entity6 . Episodes of palpitations have been abolished or markedly decreased and no @entity0 has had @entity2 or required cardioversion. All 14 of these @entity0 had either anterograde block in the accessory pathway during @entity1 or greater than or equal to 75 ms increase in the shortest R to R interval formed by 2 preexcited QRS complexes. @entity6 prolonged refractory periods of the atrial (p = 0.064) and ventricular (p = 0.061) muscle. It prolonged the cycle length at which 1:1 conduction of the accessory pathway in both the anterograde and retrograde directions occurred (both, p less than 0.001). Induction of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) was prevented in 36% of @entity0 at repeat electrophysiologic study. The @entity7 cycle length increased 112 ms (mean, p less than 0.001) in those @entity0 in whom @entity7 was still inducible. The loss of delta waves recorded with the 12-lead scalar electrocardiogram during @entity6 therapy was a significant predictor of anterograde accessory pathway block (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity6 for treatment of XXXX associated with the @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Fibrinogenolysis induced by thrombolytics exposes the risk of @entity2 . The efficacy is proved for pulmonary emboli of recent origin. The aim of this study is to research into the effect of local administration of low dose urokinase in six @entity0 aged 40 (+/- 16 years) and presenting with old emboli (10 +/- 4 days). The initial clinic picture was serious with shock (2 cases), hypoxaemia (6 cases), @entity1 (mean 40 +/- 8 mmHg) and a Miller index of 58 (+/- 8%). Mechanical ventilation was necessary four times. Urokinase was administered in situ using a Swan Ganz catheter, with 1,000 units per Kg per hour for six hours followed in sequence with 30 microkatals per hour of plasminogen for two hours. This eight hourly rotating sequence was followed for at least 72 hours. Six @entity0 were cured with an end of treatment (5 +/- 2 days) improvement in their hypoxaemia of 22%, a fall of 47% of the pulmonary arterial pressure and a rise of 71% in the Miller index. The fibrinogenesis fell by 11% and the thrombolytics could not blamed for any side-effect. The sequence urokinase-plasminogen in low dose administered locally may represent an alternative treatment for severe and @entity3 in @entity0 with a risk of @entity2 .

title: [Value of thrombolysis in situ without general fibrinogenolysis in XXXX of more than 5 days duration].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The immunopharmacological properties of @entity6 were studied in @entity0 infected with @entity3 . @entity2 measurement was the main parameter of assessment. Delayed foot pad swelling as an in vivo correlate for the delayed granulomatous @entity1 was also determined. Fluorescent direct antigen-antibody reaction in the @entity5 together with the immediate foot pad swelling were used to test for the humoral immune response. @entity6 administered at seven weeks after infection in two dose regimens (3 X 250 mg kg-1 for three consecutive days and 3 X 83 mg kg-1 given four hourly within the same day was more or less equally effective in reducing the size of hepatic @entity5 by 37-41% two weeks after treatment and by 81-85% one month after treatment. Delayed foot pad swelling using soluble egg antigen (SEA) was significantly suppressed one month after treatment by 53%. At nine weeks after infection the fluorescent antigen-antibody reaction in the @entity5 was positive in the untreated controls, but at the same time (i.e. two weeks after treatment) it was negative in the @entity6 -treated @entity0 . One month after treatment positivity was less compared to infected control @entity0 . Reduction in worm burden, hepatic shift of the worms and the reduced number of ova per gram of tissue denoted the efficacy of the drug in its two dose regimens against the Egyptian strain of @entity4 .

title: Study of some immunopharmacological properties of XXXX in experimental schistosomiasis mansoni.

answer: @entity6