abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite recent advances in the management of @entity6 , mortality rates are still unacceptably high. Early identification of the high-mortality risk group for early intervention remains an issue under exploration. @entity1 ( @entity1 ), soluble @entity1 receptor-1 (sVEGFR1) and @entity10 have diverse effects in the pathogenesis of @entity5 , which involve @entity3 , anti- @entity3 , endothelial cell repair, and vascular permeability change. Their roles in predicting @entity8 remain to be clarified. METHODS: Pneumonia-related @entity6 @entity0 from medical intensive care units were enrolled for this prospective observational study. We also included 20 @entity0 with @entity4 without @entity8 for comparison. Plasma levels of @entity1 and sVEGFR1 and @entity10 activity within 24 hours of shock onset were measured. We compared plasma levels of these biomarkers with APACHE II scores between subgroups of @entity0 , and evaluated their predictive value for 28-day @entity8 . RESULTS: A total of 101 @entity0 , including 81 with @entity4 -related @entity6 and 20 with @entity4 without @entity8 , were enrolled. Non-survivors of @entity6 had significantly higher plasma sVEGFR1 levels (659.3    1022.8 vs. 221.1    268.9 pg/mL, respectively, P < 0.001) and @entity10 activity (47.2    40.6 vs. 27.6    17.2 units, respectively, P = 0.001) when compared with those of the survivors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated significantly higher mortality in @entity0 with higher levels of sVEGFR1 (P < 0.001) and @entity10 activity (P = 0.031). In Cox regression analysis, plasma sVEGFR1 level was independently associated with, and best predicted, the 28-day mortality of @entity6 (HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.05-2.30). Plasma sVEGFR1 level and @entity10 activity had good correlation with @entity2 , @entity7 , and @entity9 ; their levels significantly increased when the number of organ dysfunctions increased. In multivariate analysis, plasma sVEGFR1 level (HR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.17-6.81) and @entity10 activity (HR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.06-7.13) were independent predictors of the presence of concomitant multi- @entity8 . The predictive value of @entity1 for @entity8 was limited in @entity4 -related @entity6 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: High plasma sVEGFR1 level in the early stage of @entity4 -related @entity6 independently predicted 28-day mortality and multi- @entity8 .

title: Plasma soluble @entity1 receptor-1 levels predict outcomes of @entity4 -related XXXX @entity0 : a prospective observational study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite recent advances in the management of @entity6 , mortality rates are still unacceptably high. Early identification of the high-mortality risk group for early intervention remains an issue under exploration. @entity1 ( @entity1 ), soluble @entity1 receptor-1 (sVEGFR1) and @entity10 have diverse effects in the pathogenesis of @entity5 , which involve @entity3 , anti- @entity3 , endothelial cell repair, and vascular permeability change. Their roles in predicting @entity8 remain to be clarified. METHODS: Pneumonia-related @entity6 @entity0 from medical intensive care units were enrolled for this prospective observational study. We also included 20 @entity0 with @entity4 without @entity8 for comparison. Plasma levels of @entity1 and sVEGFR1 and @entity10 activity within 24 hours of shock onset were measured. We compared plasma levels of these biomarkers with APACHE II scores between subgroups of @entity0 , and evaluated their predictive value for 28-day @entity8 . RESULTS: A total of 101 @entity0 , including 81 with @entity4 -related @entity6 and 20 with @entity4 without @entity8 , were enrolled. Non-survivors of @entity6 had significantly higher plasma sVEGFR1 levels (659.3    1022.8 vs. 221.1    268.9 pg/mL, respectively, P < 0.001) and @entity10 activity (47.2    40.6 vs. 27.6    17.2 units, respectively, P = 0.001) when compared with those of the survivors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated significantly higher mortality in @entity0 with higher levels of sVEGFR1 (P < 0.001) and @entity10 activity (P = 0.031). In Cox regression analysis, plasma sVEGFR1 level was independently associated with, and best predicted, the 28-day mortality of @entity6 (HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.05-2.30). Plasma sVEGFR1 level and @entity10 activity had good correlation with @entity2 , @entity7 , and @entity9 ; their levels significantly increased when the number of organ dysfunctions increased. In multivariate analysis, plasma sVEGFR1 level (HR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.17-6.81) and @entity10 activity (HR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.06-7.13) were independent predictors of the presence of concomitant multi- @entity8 . The predictive value of @entity1 for @entity8 was limited in @entity4 -related @entity6 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: High plasma sVEGFR1 level in the early stage of @entity4 -related @entity6 independently predicted 28-day mortality and multi- @entity8 .

title: Plasma soluble @entity1 receptor-1 levels predict outcomes of XXXX -related @entity6 @entity0 : a prospective observational study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite recent advances in the management of @entity6 , mortality rates are still unacceptably high. Early identification of the high-mortality risk group for early intervention remains an issue under exploration. @entity1 ( @entity1 ), soluble @entity1 receptor-1 (sVEGFR1) and @entity10 have diverse effects in the pathogenesis of @entity5 , which involve @entity3 , anti- @entity3 , endothelial cell repair, and vascular permeability change. Their roles in predicting @entity8 remain to be clarified. METHODS: Pneumonia-related @entity6 @entity0 from medical intensive care units were enrolled for this prospective observational study. We also included 20 @entity0 with @entity4 without @entity8 for comparison. Plasma levels of @entity1 and sVEGFR1 and @entity10 activity within 24 hours of shock onset were measured. We compared plasma levels of these biomarkers with APACHE II scores between subgroups of @entity0 , and evaluated their predictive value for 28-day @entity8 . RESULTS: A total of 101 @entity0 , including 81 with @entity4 -related @entity6 and 20 with @entity4 without @entity8 , were enrolled. Non-survivors of @entity6 had significantly higher plasma sVEGFR1 levels (659.3    1022.8 vs. 221.1    268.9 pg/mL, respectively, P < 0.001) and @entity10 activity (47.2    40.6 vs. 27.6    17.2 units, respectively, P = 0.001) when compared with those of the survivors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated significantly higher mortality in @entity0 with higher levels of sVEGFR1 (P < 0.001) and @entity10 activity (P = 0.031). In Cox regression analysis, plasma sVEGFR1 level was independently associated with, and best predicted, the 28-day mortality of @entity6 (HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.05-2.30). Plasma sVEGFR1 level and @entity10 activity had good correlation with @entity2 , @entity7 , and @entity9 ; their levels significantly increased when the number of organ dysfunctions increased. In multivariate analysis, plasma sVEGFR1 level (HR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.17-6.81) and @entity10 activity (HR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.06-7.13) were independent predictors of the presence of concomitant multi- @entity8 . The predictive value of @entity1 for @entity8 was limited in @entity4 -related @entity6 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: High plasma sVEGFR1 level in the early stage of @entity4 -related @entity6 independently predicted 28-day mortality and multi- @entity8 .

title: Plasma soluble @entity1 receptor-1 levels predict outcomes of @entity4 -related @entity6 XXXX : a prospective observational study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Genetic susceptibility to primary sclerosing @entity1 is associated with several different HLA haplotypes, though a single "shared" susceptibility allele has yet to be identified. Most recently, attention has focussed on the @entity4 alleles in close proximity to the HLA class I, B locus. However, although there are strong associations with @entity4 *008, implicating this or a closely linked allele as major risk factors, this explanation alone does not account for all of the MHC-encoded susceptibility and resistance to @entity2 . The present study re-examines HLA class II associations in a large single centre series of well-characterised @entity2 @entity0 . The specific aims of the study were to test existing associations and to develop hypotheses which together may account for all, or the majority, of the MHC-encoded susceptibility in @entity2 . METHODS: A total of 148 adult white northern European @entity0 and 134 control subjects were studied. HLA @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity6 alleles and @entity5 *04, @entity5 *13 and DRB3 subtypes were determined by standard PCR-genotyping. RESULTS: The primary associations with the DRB3*0101-- @entity5 *0301-- @entity7 *0501-- @entity6 *0201 and @entity5 *1301-- @entity7 *0103-- @entity6 *0603 haplotypes were confirmed (O.R. = 2.69, p < 0.0000025 and O.R. = 3.8, p < 0.0005). In addition the strong protective influence of the @entity5 *04-- @entity6 *0302 haplotype was reaffirmed (O.R. = 0.26, p < 0.000025) and a previously unreported negative (i.e. protective) association with the @entity5 *0701-- @entity6 *0303 haplotype was also demonstrated (O.R. = 0.15, p < 0.005). Further analysis suggested that susceptibility/resistance encoded by the second and third susceptibility haplotypes and by the two resistance haplotypes may be determined by specific @entity3 at DQbeta-87 and DQbeta-55, respectively.

title: Evaluation of the role of MHC class II alleles, haplotypes and selected amino acid sequences in primary sclerosing XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Many vertebrate and insect viruses possess antiapoptotic genes that are required for their infectivity. This led to the hypothesis that apoptosis is an innate immunoresponse important for limiting @entity3 . The role of apoptosis may be especially important in insect antiviral defense because of the lack of adaptive immunity. However, the cellular mechanism that elicits apoptosis in response to @entity4 in insects has not been determined. Using an in vivo @entity2 system with the mosquito baculovirus CuniNPV ( @entity7 ), we demonstrated that michelob_x (mx), the mosquito ortholog of @entity1 proapoptotic gene reaper, is specifically induced in larval midgut cells following @entity4 . Interestingly, the dynamics of mx induction corresponds with the outcome of the @entity2 . In the permissive mosquito @entity5 , a slow induction of mx failed to induce prompt apoptosis, and the infected cells eventually undergo @entity0 with heavy loads of encapsulated viruses. In contrast, in the refractory mosquito @entity6 , a rapid induction of mx within 30    min p.i. is followed by apoptosis within 2-6    h p.i., suggesting a possible role for apoptosis in limiting @entity4 . When the execution of apoptosis was delayed by caspase inhibitors, viral gene expression became detectable in the A. aegypti larvae.

title: Induction of reaper ortholog mx in mosquito midgut cells following baculovirus XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is a gram-negative bacterium that causes both @entity1 in susceptible @entity0 populations. @entity2 secretes numerous proteins and secondary metabolites, many of which have biological effects that likely contribute to disease pathogenesis. An unidentified small-molecular-weight factor was previously reported to increase IL-8 release both in vitro and in vivo. To identify this factor, we subjected the <3-kDa fraction from @entity2 -conditioned medium to HPLC analysis. A peak fraction that stimulated IL-8 release was found by mass spectrometry to have a molecular mass (MM) of 224 Da. On the basis of this MM and other biochemical properties, we hypothesized that the factor was @entity9 ( @entity7 ). Subsequent studies and comparison with purified @entity7 confirmed this hypothesis. Purified @entity7 exhibited a number of biological effects in @entity0 airway epithelial cells, including increasing IL-8 release and @entity4 expression, as well as decreasing @entity8 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) release. @entity7 also increased intracellular oxidant formation as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance and by an intracellular oxidant-sensitive probe. Antioxidants inhibited @entity7 -dependent increases in IL-8 and @entity4 , suggesting that oxidants contributed to these effects. However, in contrast to the related @entity10 compound @entity11 , @entity7 did not oxidize @entity3 at physiologically relevant pH, providing preliminary evidence that @entity7 and @entity11 may have distinct redox chemistries within the cell. Thus @entity7 is a biologically active factor secreted by @entity2 that has several activities that could alter the host immune and inflammatory response and thereby contribute to @entity6 pathogenesis.

title: XXXX , a secondary metabolite of @entity2 , alters expression of immunomodulatory proteins by @entity0 airway epithelial cells.

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity2 is a gram-negative bacterium that causes both @entity1 in susceptible @entity0 populations. @entity2 secretes numerous proteins and secondary metabolites, many of which have biological effects that likely contribute to disease pathogenesis. An unidentified small-molecular-weight factor was previously reported to increase IL-8 release both in vitro and in vivo. To identify this factor, we subjected the <3-kDa fraction from @entity2 -conditioned medium to HPLC analysis. A peak fraction that stimulated IL-8 release was found by mass spectrometry to have a molecular mass (MM) of 224 Da. On the basis of this MM and other biochemical properties, we hypothesized that the factor was @entity9 ( @entity7 ). Subsequent studies and comparison with purified @entity7 confirmed this hypothesis. Purified @entity7 exhibited a number of biological effects in @entity0 airway epithelial cells, including increasing IL-8 release and @entity4 expression, as well as decreasing @entity8 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) release. @entity7 also increased intracellular oxidant formation as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance and by an intracellular oxidant-sensitive probe. Antioxidants inhibited @entity7 -dependent increases in IL-8 and @entity4 , suggesting that oxidants contributed to these effects. However, in contrast to the related @entity10 compound @entity11 , @entity7 did not oxidize @entity3 at physiologically relevant pH, providing preliminary evidence that @entity7 and @entity11 may have distinct redox chemistries within the cell. Thus @entity7 is a biologically active factor secreted by @entity2 that has several activities that could alter the host immune and inflammatory response and thereby contribute to @entity6 pathogenesis.

title: @entity9 , a secondary metabolite of XXXX , alters expression of immunomodulatory proteins by @entity0 airway epithelial cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is a gram-negative bacterium that causes both @entity1 in susceptible @entity0 populations. @entity2 secretes numerous proteins and secondary metabolites, many of which have biological effects that likely contribute to disease pathogenesis. An unidentified small-molecular-weight factor was previously reported to increase IL-8 release both in vitro and in vivo. To identify this factor, we subjected the <3-kDa fraction from @entity2 -conditioned medium to HPLC analysis. A peak fraction that stimulated IL-8 release was found by mass spectrometry to have a molecular mass (MM) of 224 Da. On the basis of this MM and other biochemical properties, we hypothesized that the factor was @entity9 ( @entity7 ). Subsequent studies and comparison with purified @entity7 confirmed this hypothesis. Purified @entity7 exhibited a number of biological effects in @entity0 airway epithelial cells, including increasing IL-8 release and @entity4 expression, as well as decreasing @entity8 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) release. @entity7 also increased intracellular oxidant formation as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance and by an intracellular oxidant-sensitive probe. Antioxidants inhibited @entity7 -dependent increases in IL-8 and @entity4 , suggesting that oxidants contributed to these effects. However, in contrast to the related @entity10 compound @entity11 , @entity7 did not oxidize @entity3 at physiologically relevant pH, providing preliminary evidence that @entity7 and @entity11 may have distinct redox chemistries within the cell. Thus @entity7 is a biologically active factor secreted by @entity2 that has several activities that could alter the host immune and inflammatory response and thereby contribute to @entity6 pathogenesis.

title: @entity9 , a secondary metabolite of @entity2 , alters expression of immunomodulatory proteins by XXXX airway epithelial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the most efficient time point and concentration of topical corticosteroids in @entity10 keratitis treated with @entity8 . METHODS: Corneas of 105 @entity1 were infected with viable @entity4 cells of @entity10 (2.5 x 10(5)). After a 48-hour incubation period, seven groups of animals were treated for 21 days with @entity8 , with group I acting as a control, and groups II to VII receiving adjunct therapy with the corticosteroid @entity5 (5 or 10 times daily; 3, 9, or 15 days after @entity2 ). The degree of @entity9 , ulceration, corneal clouding, hypopyon, @entity6 , @entity7 , and corneal perforation was monitored over a 24-day period, as well as recultivation and resistance to @entity8 of the @entity10 pathogen. RESULTS: The control group showed the highest level of corneal clouding and @entity7 . In comparison, by day 24, the majority of groups also treated with @entity5 displayed significantly less corneal clouding and @entity7 . An immediate decrease in corneal clouding was observed in groups treated with additional low- or high-dose @entity5 from day 9 after inoculation. After additional @entity5 treatment from day 9 or 15 after inoculation, no significant difference was detected in the recultivation rate of @entity10 compared with the control. Early administration of @entity5 (day 3, low and high dose) resulted in the recultivation of significantly more @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 plus adjunct high-dose @entity5 treatment was most effective when administered 9 days after @entity2 . The delayed application of corticosteroids after treatment with antimycotic drugs in cases of @entity3 is therefore not contraindicated and may be beneficial in @entity0 .

title: Combined topical XXXX and corticosteroid treatment for experimental @entity10 keratomycosis.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the most efficient time point and concentration of topical corticosteroids in @entity10 keratitis treated with @entity8 . METHODS: Corneas of 105 @entity1 were infected with viable @entity4 cells of @entity10 (2.5 x 10(5)). After a 48-hour incubation period, seven groups of animals were treated for 21 days with @entity8 , with group I acting as a control, and groups II to VII receiving adjunct therapy with the corticosteroid @entity5 (5 or 10 times daily; 3, 9, or 15 days after @entity2 ). The degree of @entity9 , ulceration, corneal clouding, hypopyon, @entity6 , @entity7 , and corneal perforation was monitored over a 24-day period, as well as recultivation and resistance to @entity8 of the @entity10 pathogen. RESULTS: The control group showed the highest level of corneal clouding and @entity7 . In comparison, by day 24, the majority of groups also treated with @entity5 displayed significantly less corneal clouding and @entity7 . An immediate decrease in corneal clouding was observed in groups treated with additional low- or high-dose @entity5 from day 9 after inoculation. After additional @entity5 treatment from day 9 or 15 after inoculation, no significant difference was detected in the recultivation rate of @entity10 compared with the control. Early administration of @entity5 (day 3, low and high dose) resulted in the recultivation of significantly more @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 plus adjunct high-dose @entity5 treatment was most effective when administered 9 days after @entity2 . The delayed application of corticosteroids after treatment with antimycotic drugs in cases of @entity3 is therefore not contraindicated and may be beneficial in @entity0 .

title: Combined topical @entity8 and corticosteroid treatment for experimental XXXX keratomycosis.

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evulsion of the optic nerve is a rare form of @entity4 . It is a rupture of the optic nerve at the disc without damage of its sheaths occurring in association with a blunt skull @entity2 or a blunt @entity2 . METHOD: We report on a 13-year old @entity0 with complete evulsion of the optic nerve after blunt @entity2 and give a literature review. RESULTS: While swinging on a liana the @entity0 had crashed into a tree. The initial examination 3 hours after the accident revealed at the right eye an @entity5 without any afferent reaction of the pupil to light. Ophthalmoscopy displayed a @entity3 at the optic disc, peripapillar white retina and interruption of the blood flow of all visible retinal vessels. Fluorescein angiogram showed no retinal perfusion and a detatched retina above the disc. Echographic examination revealed a @entity3 at the disc shaped like a mushroom. From the eighth day, examination of the retina became impossible due to disseminating @entity3 . After 8 months @entity3 had disappeared revealing a white @entity1 at the area of the optic disc. Since first histological description of an optic nerve evulsion by His in 1856, 42 @entity0 with complete and 23 with partial evulsion of the optic nerve were reported in the literature. In our review different mechanisms of injury are discussed. CONCLUSION: Evulsion of the optic nerve is rarely reported. It is possible that it may occur more frequently, because it cannot be seen in blunt or also penetrating @entity2 with severe intraocular cloudiness.

title: [Evulsion of the optic nerve following blunt XXXX . Case report and review of the literature].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 eggs were injected with @entity1 (0.9-1,000 micrograms) dissolved in 50-microliter of @entity0 oil on day 1 of incubation. Higher doses of @entity1 (250-1,000 micrograms) reduced hatchability to 37-33% compared to 61% for @entity0 oil-injected controls. Lower doses of @entity1 (0.9-125 micrograms) had no effects on hatchability. In a second study, eggs were injected with 0.9 or 1.9 micrograms of @entity1 and the survivors were assessed up to 12 weeks posthatch. @entity1 did not affect hatchability, but did increase mortality during the first 4 weeks posthatch. Females were affected more than males. At 10 days of age, open-field activity of some birds was examined. The acquisition and reversal of a visual discrimination task was studied at 6 weeks of age. @entity1 had no effect on these measurements. Ten females from each group were chosen randomly to determine egg production over a single 28-day period beginning at 6 weeks of age. Exposure to @entity1 blocked egg production in these birds. The oviduct weights of 12-week-old females were decreased by 50%, but ovarian weights were not affected. Testicular weights were not affected. In a third study reproductive behaviors and social-dominance behaviors of males were markedly attenuated in birds exposed to 0.48 or 1.9 micrograms @entity1 in ovo.

title: Injection of diethylstilbestrol on the first day of incubation affects morphology of sex glands and reproductive behavior of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate expression and significance of @entity3 gene in primary @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Immunohistochemical peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin (SP) method was used to detect expression of @entity3 gene in 120 cases of primary @entity2 and its adjacent tissue 10 cases of normal liver tissue. The relationship between expression of @entity1 suppressor gene of @entity3 and the percentage of lymph node @entity0 of @entity2 was analyzed. RESULTS: It was shown that @entity3 gene was expressed in all 10 cases of normal liver tissues and paracancerous liver tissues. The staining was localized mainly in cytoplasm. Expression of @entity3 in 120 cases of @entity2 were as follows: 12.5% were negative, 17.5% were weak positive, and 70% were strong positive. At time of diagnosis, 33/120 (27.5%) presented lymph node @entity0 . Lymph node @entity0 were present in 80% (12 out of 15) @entity3 negative @entity2 , 57.14% (12 out of 21) @entity3 weak positive @entity2 and only 10.71% (9 out of 84) @entity3 intense positive @entity2 , (P<0.05). Therefore, @entity3 @entity1 suppressor gene malfunction seems to be involved in metastasing capacity of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: This study suggests that @entity3 gene was deleted or weakly expressed in primary @entity2 , which is probably related to its tumorigenesis.

title: Expression and significance of new XXXX suppressor gene @entity3 in primary liver cancer.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate expression and significance of @entity3 gene in primary @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Immunohistochemical peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin (SP) method was used to detect expression of @entity3 gene in 120 cases of primary @entity2 and its adjacent tissue 10 cases of normal liver tissue. The relationship between expression of @entity1 suppressor gene of @entity3 and the percentage of lymph node @entity0 of @entity2 was analyzed. RESULTS: It was shown that @entity3 gene was expressed in all 10 cases of normal liver tissues and paracancerous liver tissues. The staining was localized mainly in cytoplasm. Expression of @entity3 in 120 cases of @entity2 were as follows: 12.5% were negative, 17.5% were weak positive, and 70% were strong positive. At time of diagnosis, 33/120 (27.5%) presented lymph node @entity0 . Lymph node @entity0 were present in 80% (12 out of 15) @entity3 negative @entity2 , 57.14% (12 out of 21) @entity3 weak positive @entity2 and only 10.71% (9 out of 84) @entity3 intense positive @entity2 , (P<0.05). Therefore, @entity3 @entity1 suppressor gene malfunction seems to be involved in metastasing capacity of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: This study suggests that @entity3 gene was deleted or weakly expressed in primary @entity2 , which is probably related to its tumorigenesis.

title: Expression and significance of new @entity1 suppressor gene XXXX in primary liver cancer.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The level of @entity3 aminotransferase (ALT) in blood donors has been related to the frequency of posttransfusion @entity0 in recipients. Sixty-seven donors with elevated ALT levels were evaluated to define the duration and significance of the elevation. The ALT level remained elevated in 41 donors (61%) for a mean interval of 9 months. The ALT level was greater than the @entity2 aminotransferase in all of the donors. @entity1 intake did not correlate with ALT level. Donors with persistently elevated ALT levels had a significantly higher mean percent ideal body weight (128 +/- 3.9) than donors whose ALT level became normal (116 +/- 3.1). Nine donors with elevated ALT levels for at least 6 months had needle biopsies of the liver. Seven had prominent fatty vacuolization of hepatocytes without evidence of @entity0 . One biopsy demonstrated chronic persistent @entity0 . No other cause for the elevated ALT levels could be identified. An overweight male donor with an isolated ALT elevation may need no further investigation unless clinical evaluation suggests a source of @entity0 .

title: The persistence and significance of elevated XXXX aminotransferase levels in blood donors.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Flickering light stimulation of retinal photoreceptors induces @entity2 in @entity0 . In the present study the effect of high blood @entity3 levels on this neuro-vascular mechanism was investigated in 12 healthy young male subjects. Blood @entity3 levels were consecutively increased during 30 min to 100, 200 and 300 mg/dl and kept at the respective level for the following 30 min using hyperglycemic insulin clamps. Eight Hertz flickering light was applied to the fundus at the end of each @entity3 plateau during continuous retinal vessel diameter measurements with the Zeiss retinal vessel analyser (RVA). During normoglycemia (100 mg/dl) flickering light induced a significant vasodilation of @entity6 arteries (+2.8+/-0.4%, p<0.0001) and veins (+2.6+/-0.4%, p<0.0001). At 300 mg/dl blood @entity3 the flicker response in retinal veins was significantly decreased by 55% (p=0.015 versus 100 mg/dl). The modified RVA employed in the present study provides high sensitivity and is capable of studying flicker-induced @entity4 . Using this technique the present study confirms that flickering light stimulation of the @entity0 retina induces vasodilation in retinal vessels in healthy subjects. In addition, our data indicate that the retinal vessel response to flickering light stimulation is significantly reduced during @entity5 in @entity0 . The relevance of this finding for @entity1 remains to be shown.

title: XXXX affects flicker-induced vasodilation in the retina of healthy subjects.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 is a rare cause of @entity2 in childhood. Advances in imaging techniques for @entity3 have enabled earlier clinical and etiological diagnosis, thus improving treatment possibilities. The aim of this study was to analyze the etiology, diagnostic methods, and management in @entity0 with @entity4 diagnosed in our hospital in the last 10 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the @entity0 aged 0-16 years with a diagnosis of @entity4 admitted to our hospital between 1990 and 2000. Diagnostic criteria were symptoms suggestive of @entity4 and @entity11 . RESULTS: There were 8 females and 1 male. The median age was 11.5 years (range: 7-16 years). Laboratory findings were as follows: mean amylase level was 1601 U/l and mean lipase level was 506 U/l. Imaging tests: ultrasonography, abdominal computed tomography (CT), and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) were performed in 1 @entity0 , and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was performed in 2. Etiology was @entity8 (2 @entity0 ), secondary to anti-oncological therapy (3 @entity0 ), @entity5 (1 @entity0 ), and idiopathic (3 @entity0 ). Medical treatment consisted of diet, @entity6 , and octreotide in 1 patient, and antioxidants in 1 @entity0 . Surgery was required in 2 @entity0 . Complications consisted of @entity9 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of childhood @entity4 is low. In our series, mainly teenage @entity0 were affected. The main causes were @entity1 . Diagnosis was given by elevated amylase and lipase levels in blood and by imaging tests (ultrasonography, abdominal CT, @entity10 , MRCP, depending on the @entity0 ). Basic treatment consisted of support measures (fasting and @entity6 ) together with @entity7 , antioxidants or surgical treatment, depending on etiology.

title: [ XXXX : review of our casuistics in the last 10 years].

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study evaluates the feasibility of producing a composite engineered tracheal equivalent composed of cylindrical @entity5 with lumens lined with nasal epithelial cells. Chondrocytes and epithelial cells isolated from @entity3 nasal septum were cultured in Ham's F12 media. After 2 wk, chondrocyte suspensions were seeded onto a matrix of @entity7 . Cell-polymer constructs were wrapped around @entity6 tubes and cultured in vitro for 1 wk, followed by implanting into subcutaneous pockets on the backs of @entity0 . After 6 wk, epithelial cells were suspended in a hydrogel and injected into the embedded @entity1 following removal of the @entity6 tube. Implants were harvested 4 wk later and analyzed. The morphology of implants resembles that of native @entity3 @entity4 . H_E staining shows the presence of mature cartilage and formation of a pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium, with a distinct interface between tissue-engineered cartilage and epithelium. Safranin-O staining shows that tissue-engineered cartilage is organized into lobules with round, angular lacunae, each containing a single chondrocyte. @entity8 and @entity2 contents are similar to native cartilage. This study demonstrates the feasibility of recreating the cartilage and epithelial portion of the @entity4 using tissue harvested in a single procedure. This has the potential to facilitate an autologous repair of segmental tracheal defects.

title: A composite tissue-engineered @entity4 using XXXX nasal chondrocyte and epithelial cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study evaluates the feasibility of producing a composite engineered tracheal equivalent composed of cylindrical @entity5 with lumens lined with nasal epithelial cells. Chondrocytes and epithelial cells isolated from @entity3 nasal septum were cultured in Ham's F12 media. After 2 wk, chondrocyte suspensions were seeded onto a matrix of @entity7 . Cell-polymer constructs were wrapped around @entity6 tubes and cultured in vitro for 1 wk, followed by implanting into subcutaneous pockets on the backs of @entity0 . After 6 wk, epithelial cells were suspended in a hydrogel and injected into the embedded @entity1 following removal of the @entity6 tube. Implants were harvested 4 wk later and analyzed. The morphology of implants resembles that of native @entity3 @entity4 . H_E staining shows the presence of mature cartilage and formation of a pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium, with a distinct interface between tissue-engineered cartilage and epithelium. Safranin-O staining shows that tissue-engineered cartilage is organized into lobules with round, angular lacunae, each containing a single chondrocyte. @entity8 and @entity2 contents are similar to native cartilage. This study demonstrates the feasibility of recreating the cartilage and epithelial portion of the @entity4 using tissue harvested in a single procedure. This has the potential to facilitate an autologous repair of segmental tracheal defects.

title: A composite tissue-engineered XXXX using @entity3 nasal chondrocyte and epithelial cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: G protein-coupled receptors are ubiquitous in neurons, as well as other cell types. Activation of receptors by hormones or neurotransmitters splits the G protein heterotrimer into @entity2 and Gbetagamma subunits. It is now clear that Gbetagamma directly inhibits @entity0 channels, putting them into a reluctant state. The effects of Gbetagamma depend on the specific beta and gamma subunits present, as well as the beta subunit isoform of the N-type @entity0 channel. We describe a minimal mathematical model for the effects of G protein action on the dynamics of synaptic transmission. The model is calibrated by data obtained by transfecting G protein and @entity0 channel subunits into tsA-201 cells. We demonstrate with numerical simulations that G protein action can provide a mechanism for either short-term synaptic facilitation or @entity1 , depending on the manner in which G protein-coupled receptors are activated. The G protein action performs high-pass filtering of the presynaptic signal, with a filter cutoff that depends on the combination of G protein and @entity0 channel subunits present. At stimulus frequencies above the cutoff, trains of single spikes are transmitted, while only doublets are transmitted at frequencies below the cutoff. Finally, we demonstrate that relief of G protein inhibition can contribute to paired-pulse facilitation.

title: A minimal model for G protein-mediated synaptic facilitation and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 use in young @entity0 has been associated with the adverse endocrinological effects of @entity4 and @entity10 . Furthermore, @entity11 and @entity8 have been described in adult @entity0 . In @entity0 and young @entity0 , however, the possible adverse endocrinological effects of @entity5 have scarcely been analyzed. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of @entity5 treatment on pubertal development, especially the possible hyperandrogenic effects, in @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-three @entity0 and 15 @entity0 (aged 8-16 years old) who were undergoing @entity5 treatment for @entity3 were compared with 15 control @entity0 and 10 control @entity0 of the same age range. Anthropometric indexes, sexual maturation, and @entity9 scores were evaluated. Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity1 , and insulin were measured. Ultrasound examination of ovaries and estimation of bone age through X-ray of the left hand were also performed. RESULTS: @entity5 did not affect pubertal development in the study group. No @entity9 or @entity11 were found. Increases in weight, relative weight, and body mass index were observed in the group undergoing @entity5 treatment, but no statistically significant differences compared with the control group were found. Plasma @entity2 was higher in @entity5 -treated @entity0 (0.71 0.51 ng/ml) than in control @entity0 (0.35 0.15) (p 0.001). This finding was independent of @entity5 dose and treatment duration. @entity10 was not found in @entity5 -treated @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 may induce @entity10 in @entity3 @entity0 but not in @entity0 . This is an early adverse effect and is independent of the dose used. No changes in normal pubertal development or physical repercussions were found in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: [Effects of XXXX on sexual development].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Juvenile distal @entity5 has been attributed to small @entity2 (Arnold, Benoit, Merlen, Dobbelaere, Delandsheer, 1979), based on clinicopathologic findings in one male @entity0 and results of big toe pulp biopsy in three other cases. Pathological findings were obstruction of small artery lumens by @entity3 endothelium and loose fibrocellular bands, their origin being the result possibly of partial intimalization of media by elastic neogenesis. Appearances were similar to those described by Dahl in @entity0 @entity6 in 1976, and approached those of the initial stages of experimental @entity4 (Ross, Glomset, 1976). Arterial exiguity was also present in the 4 cases. Results of biologic, metabolic, inflammatory and immunologic examinations were negative. The present study concerns 4 additional cases of juvenile distal encephalic @entity1 . One case in a female @entity0 not on oral contraceptives confirmed the hypothesis of intimalization of media of arterioles of big toe pulp. Elastic neogenesis was present in the tunica media in areas where there was a change of direction of myocytes, and was apparent at a distance from the internal elastic layer. The latter was fragmented, sometimes doubles and of variable color. In another case, a @entity0 taking oral contraceptives, there was almost total obstruction of the pulp arteriolar lumens with a very thin tunica media. Elastic neogenesis encircled two very narrow lumens in the center of the vessel and there were also elastic changes common to both.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Juvenile distal XXXX : value of pulp biopsy].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A retrospective analysis of 96 @entity0 who underwent an epiphysiodesis procedure for @entity5 was performed. Forty @entity0 were identified who had an open Phemister-type epiphysiodesis. Fifty-six @entity0 underwent a percutaneous epiphysiodesis procedure. All @entity0 ' medical records and radiographs were reviewed for complications. No @entity1 or epiphysiodesis failures occurred in the open group; however, one @entity3 requiring intravenous antibiotics and serial surgical debridement was successfully treated. Five complications occurred in the percutaneous group. The complications included two superficial infections, two failures of @entity4 , and one @entity2 . The occurrence of complications in the two groups was not statistically significant. Regular follow-up and radiographic evaluation of @entity0 who have undergone a percutaneous epiphysiodesis is essential. Failure of @entity4 and @entity1 are rare in this @entity0 population, but they can occur.

title: XXXX and epiphysiodesis: review of 96 cases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Doppler tissue echocardiography and color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity have proven useful in evaluating cross-sections of @entity0 with @entity4 , but experience with serial changes is limited. PURPOSE AND METHODS: We tested their use by evaluating the temporal changes of LV function in a pacing-induced @entity3 model. Rapid ventricular pacing was initiated and maintained in 20 @entity2 for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and weekly during brief pacing cessation. RESULTS: With rapid pacing, LV volume significantly increased and ejection fraction (57%-28%), @entity1 volume (37-18 mL), and mitral annulus systolic velocity (16.1-6.6 cm/s) by Doppler tissue echocardiography significantly decreased, with ejection fraction and mitral annulus systolic velocity closely correlated (r = 0.706, P <.0001). In contrast to the mitral inflow velocities, mitral annulus early diastolic velocity decreased steadily (12.3-7.3 cm/s) resulting in a dramatic decrease in mitral annulus early/late (1.22-0.57) diastolic velocity with no tendency toward pseudonormalization. The color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity also showed significant steady decrease (57-24 cm/s) throughout the pacing period. Multiple regression analysis chose mitral annulus systolic velocity (r = 0.895, P <.0001) and propagation velocity (r = 0.782, P <.0001) for the most important factor predicting LV systolic and diastolic function, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Doppler tissue echocardiography and color M-mode Doppler flow could evaluate the serial deterioration in @entity4 throughout the pacing period. These were more useful in quantifying progressive @entity4 than conventional ehocardiographic techniques, and were probably relatively independent of preload. These techniques could be suitable for longitudinal evaluation in addition to the cross-sectional study.

title: An evaluation of the use of new Doppler methods for detecting longitudinal function abnormalities in a pacing-induced XXXX model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 8 @entity0 with hospital diagnoses of @entity5 were studied by repeated measurements of time estimation using the three different methods of metronome adjustment, verbal estimation and operative estimation (production) of short time intervals. Retrospective estimations of longer intervals were also studied. The diagnoses were evaluated according to @entity4 . The degree of mental disturbance was rated with subscales of the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Earlier findings had indicated that @entity1 @entity0 tend to overestimate short time intervals and that some @entity2 @entity0 underestimated time, but some investigators have reported different results. A longitudinal study could possibly support the earlier findings if the time estimations should vary with the clinical states of the @entity0 . Such a variation was suggested by the results of 5 of the 8 @entity0 . In several cases there were statistically significant correlations between the results of time estimations and the rating scores. This partly supports earlier findings. Associations between time estimations and changes in clinical state seem to be present in some cases of major @entity3 . Operative estimations were best correlated with ratings in most cases.

title: Longitudinal changes in time estimation in XXXX : a preliminary study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Previous work from our lab has used the Dutch @entity2 ( @entity2 ) to assess the cardiovascular responses and motility of large free-ranging species (e.g. @entity4 ). To further examine the utility of using the @entity2 with non- @entity0 , a study investigating the heart rate (HR) and heart period variability (HRV) of a large @entity1 undergoing behavioral modification therapy was undertaken. This treatment emulated a restraint and tactile pressure technique that has previously been used in @entity4 . Cardiovascular responses and motility were continuously measured pre-treatment (exposure to a stimulus @entity1 ), during treatment (in-box), and post-treatment. The treatment consisted of placing the @entity1 in a 110 cm (long) by 45 cm (wide) by 102 cm (height) wooden box that only covered the animals' torso and legs and allowed the head to be free. Once the @entity1 was in the box, the body was covered with a lightweight material (grain product) to effect restraint and tactile pressure, which was followed by a repeat exposure to the stimulus animal. Results indicated @entity3 and an increased HRV during the intervention as compared to baseline with indices of motility changing in the expected directions. Estimates of respiratory frequency derived from the autoregressive spectral analysis indicated changes in respiration did not account for the cardiovascular effects. In conclusion, tactile pressure and restraint may be an important tool for behavioral modification in both @entity0 and animals, and the @entity2 is a useful tool for collecting cardiovascular data on a variety of species in a great many contexts.

title: Ambulatory monitoring of cardiovascular responses during behavioral modification of an aggressive XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: When one mentioned about aneurysmal rebleeding, timing and incidence of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have been mainly discussed in relation to long term prognosis. But it was rarely considered about necessity of emergency treatment based on timing and incidence of @entity2 . In this study, clinical significance of @entity2 especially in the early stage is discussed in relation to severity of the @entity0 's condition, timing of surgery, clinical results and so on. Three hundred sixty-eight cases of anterior communicating, internal carotid and middle @entity1 who were admitted on our hospital within 7 days after last attack were studied. Among them, 127 cases had 192 times of @entity2 (1 @entity2 : 83 cases, 2 RAs: 28 cases, 3 RAs: 12 cases, 4 RAs: 3 cases and 5 RAs: 1 case). Incidence of @entity2 increased in the severe cases. Most frequent timing of second attack was within 6 hours after the first attack (40 cases, 31.5%). Fifty two cases (41%) had their second attack within 24 hours from the first attack. Successive attacks were also most frequent within 6 hours following the preceding one, even in the cases with long term interval period before it. Severity of the @entity0 was increased after @entity2 especially in the cases with early repetitive attack. We experienced 56 cases who had more than two RAs within each 6 hours. 28 out of 56 cases were severe attack whose consciousness was disturbed more than semicoma and 27 cases died. Mortality and morbidity were higher in the cases with @entity2 than single attack.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Rebleeding attack of the XXXX --clinical significance of the early aneurysmal rebleeding].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 39-year-old @entity0 presented with disturbed @entity9 , left @entity7 and @entity2 . CT scan revealed @entity5 in the right parietal region, which had lower density than usual intracerebral @entity5 and was associated with irregular perifocal @entity1 . Cerebral angiograms revealed narrowed cortical vein with irregular wall in the right parietal region, where delayed local blood flow into the deep cerebral veins through collateral vessels was noted. The diagnosis was @entity5 due to @entity6 of cortical vein. Her symptoms and @entity10 were progressive. To reduce intracranial pressure, evacuation of the @entity8 was performed. The @entity8 which existed 1cm under the right parietal cortex was about 20g in weight. She remarkably improved soon after operation. Frequency of sinovenous @entity6 has been reported to be about 10% of all cerebral @entity4 , however, localized @entity3 is rare among them. This is because it is not always symptomatic and it is difficult to make accurate diagnosis. Six cases of localized @entity3 were reviewed, in which accurate diagnosis were established by cerebral angiograms, CT scan and/or autopsy. Clinical and radiological features of this case were presented.

title: [ XXXX of cortical vein: a case report].

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: This study reviews the results of acute repair of peripheral ulnar-sided triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) detachment associated with @entity2 . TYPE OF STUDY: Two-year follow-up of @entity0 who had undergone acute TFCC repair. METHODS: Fifty-six @entity0 underwent arthroscopically assisted treatment of @entity2 using external fixation and adjunctive percutaneous pinning between 1994 and 1998. Thirteen @entity0 with an acute, complete tear of the ulnar attachment of the TFCC were treated using arthroscopic repair of the TFCC in addition to stabilization of the radius fracture. All @entity0 were evaluated at a mean of 24 months (range, 17 to 35 months) with a physical examination, wrist radiographs, and a Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) module outcome assessment questionnaire. RESULTS: Average wrist flexion, extension, pronation, and supination were 67.3, 61.8, 79.1, and 86.8, respectively. The average grip strength was 78% of the uninjured side. The results of the Gartland and Werley grading system were good to excellent in 12 @entity0 and fair in 1 @entity0 . The DASH outcome scores revealed a mean functional score of 13 and a mean athletic score of 12. None of the @entity0 reported ulnar-sided @entity1 at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopically assisted TFCC repair in conjunction with distal radius fixation resulted in a high degree of @entity0 satisfaction and good to excellent clinical outcomes.

title: Results of acute arthroscopically repaired triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: We present our preliminary experience with the use of ultrasound in aiding the diagnosis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Schmidt et al have previously described a hypoechoic or "halo" effect surrounding the walls of affected arteries on examination with ultrasound. We illustrate these features and explore the attributes and limitations of this technique. METHOD: Two groups of @entity0 were recruited: (1) @entity0 with suspected @entity1 awaiting temporal artery biopsy and (2) @entity0 with no history or symptoms of @entity1 of a similar age group. All the recruited @entity0 underwent ultrasound examination of both temporal arteries. The findings on ultrasound were compared with the results of the histological specimens in group 1. For this study, the histological findings alone were used to define if a @entity0 was suffering from @entity1 . No biopsies were taken in the @entity0 in group 2. RESULTS: Out of 26 @entity0 with suspected @entity1 , seven @entity0 were found to be positive on biopsy, of which six had been identified on ultrasound. Six @entity0 were found to be false positive on ultrasound, but all had moderate-to-severe features of @entity2 on histology. A total of 13 @entity0 were found to be negative on ultrasound and negative on biopsy for @entity1 , two of these @entity0 had histological features of @entity2 . In the group with no symptoms of @entity1 (12 @entity0 ), in two @entity0 hypoechoic areas were detected. The results presented give a sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 68%, and positive predictive value of 50% for the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study indicates that this test may be helpful in those @entity0 with symptoms suggestive of @entity1 , but currently we cannot recommend any change of present practice.

title: The use of ultrasound as an aid in the diagnosis of XXXX : a pilot study comparing histological features with ultrasound findings.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity3 are important toxicants of cigarette smoke. Since @entity8 is a toxicant common to both heavy @entity2 drinking and heavy cigarette smoking, protection studies were undertaken in @entity1 first against @entity8 lethality and later against @entity10 and @entity3 lethality. This paper summarizes findings from previously published studies. With @entity8 (LD 90 dose/72 hrs.) protection studies were carried out by pretreatment with a high oral dose (2 mmoles/kg) of @entity4 and 17 other @entity5 compounds. Good protection (80% or more survivors) was obtained with @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity12 . @entity9 , @entity11 , @entity13 , and a combination (CTA) of @entity4 , @entity12 . @entity9 , and @entity6 . @entity7 , @entity13 , and the combination CTA gave 100% protection (i.e. 100% survivors). With @entity10 (LD 95 dose/72 hrs.), protection data showed 80% survivors with @entity4 and 95% with the combination CTA. With @entity3 (LD 95 dose/72 hrs.), protection resulted in 20% survivors with @entity4 and 55% with the combination CTA. However, protection against @entity3 lethality could be increased to 90% survivors by repeated dosing with @entity6 per se over a two day period prior to administration of @entity3 . Further animal experimentation is necessary before any extrapolation of these findings for @entity0 use can be considered. Due to current interest, the potential value of @entity7 as a protectant is also discussed.

title: Protective action of XXXX compounds against aldehyde toxicants of cigarette smoke.

answer: @entity5


abstract: This is the first thorough study of refilling of a cortical @entity1 store in a secretory cell after stimulation in which we combined widely different methodologies. Stimulation of dense-core vesicle ("trichocysts") exocytosis in Paramecium involves a @entity0 -influx" superimposed to @entity0 -release from cortical stores ("alveolar sacs" (ASs)). In quenched-flow experiments, membrane fusion frequency rose with increasing [ @entity0 ](o) in the medium, from approximately 20-25% at [ @entity0 ](o) < or = 0.25 microM to 100% at [ @entity0 ](o) between 2 and 10 microM, i.e. close to the range of estimated local intracellular [ @entity0 ] during membrane fusion. Next, we analyzed @entity0 -specific fluorochrome signals during stimulation under different conditions. Treatment with actin-reactive drugs had no effect on @entity0 -signaling. In double trigger experiments, with @entity2 in the second secretagogue application (BAPTA only for stimulation and analysis), the cortical @entity0 -signal (due solely to @entity0 released from cortical stores) recovered with t(1/2) approximately 65 min. When ASs were analyzed in situ by X-ray microanalysis after different trigger times (+ @entity0 (o)), t(1/2) for store refilling was similar, approximately 60 min. These values are similar to previously measured 45 @entity0 -uptake by isolated ASs. In sum we find, (i) exogenous @entity0 increases exocytosis/membrane fusion performance with EC(50)=0.7 microM, (ii) @entity0 -signaling in this system is not sensitive to actin-reactive drugs, and (iii) refilling of these cortical @entity1 stores goes on over hours and thus is much slower than expected.

title: Refilling of cortical XXXX stores in Paramecium cells: in situ analysis in correlation with store-operated @entity1 influx.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This is the first thorough study of refilling of a cortical @entity1 store in a secretory cell after stimulation in which we combined widely different methodologies. Stimulation of dense-core vesicle ("trichocysts") exocytosis in Paramecium involves a @entity0 -influx" superimposed to @entity0 -release from cortical stores ("alveolar sacs" (ASs)). In quenched-flow experiments, membrane fusion frequency rose with increasing [ @entity0 ](o) in the medium, from approximately 20-25% at [ @entity0 ](o) < or = 0.25 microM to 100% at [ @entity0 ](o) between 2 and 10 microM, i.e. close to the range of estimated local intracellular [ @entity0 ] during membrane fusion. Next, we analyzed @entity0 -specific fluorochrome signals during stimulation under different conditions. Treatment with actin-reactive drugs had no effect on @entity0 -signaling. In double trigger experiments, with @entity2 in the second secretagogue application (BAPTA only for stimulation and analysis), the cortical @entity0 -signal (due solely to @entity0 released from cortical stores) recovered with t(1/2) approximately 65 min. When ASs were analyzed in situ by X-ray microanalysis after different trigger times (+ @entity0 (o)), t(1/2) for store refilling was similar, approximately 60 min. These values are similar to previously measured 45 @entity0 -uptake by isolated ASs. In sum we find, (i) exogenous @entity0 increases exocytosis/membrane fusion performance with EC(50)=0.7 microM, (ii) @entity0 -signaling in this system is not sensitive to actin-reactive drugs, and (iii) refilling of these cortical @entity1 stores goes on over hours and thus is much slower than expected.

title: Refilling of cortical @entity1 stores in Paramecium cells: in situ analysis in correlation with store-operated XXXX influx.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To formulate a classification tool for early recognition of @entity0 admitted with acute @entity4 (AP) who are at high risk for failure of treatment or for @entity2 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 225 @entity0 (102 @entity0 ) admitted with AP. We considered 13 potential risk factors in a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Recent hospitalization, previous use of antibiotics, and immunosuppression were found to be independent correlates of the prevalence of resistant pathogens in both sexes. Additional predictors included @entity3 in @entity0 and a history of recurrent AP in @entity0 . Prolonged hospitalization should be expected for a @entity0 with @entity1 and long-term catheterization who is older than 65 years or for a @entity0 of any age with the same characteristics, when the initial treatment was changed according to the results of urine culture. For mortality prediction, we derived an integer-based scoring system with 6 points for shock, 4 for bedridden status, 4 for age greater than 65 years, and 3 for previous antibiotic treatment for @entity0 and 6 points for shock, 4 for bedridden status, 4 for age greater than 65 years, and 3 for immunosuppression for @entity0 . Among @entity0 with at least 11 points, the risk for in-hospital @entity2 was 100% for @entity0 and 91% for @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Simple variables available at presentation can be used for risk stratification of @entity0 with AP. The additional identification of certain risk factors by means of a carefully obtained history could contribute to early recognition of @entity0 infected by resistant bacteria and optimize the selection of antimicrobial agents.

title: Acute XXXX in adults: prediction of mortality and failure of treatment.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of the antioxidant @entity3 on the occurrence of @entity1 and @entity2 in primigravida @entity0 . METHODS: A total of 251 primigravida @entity0 were enrolled in this prospective, randomized controlled study in the second trimester. A total of 116 @entity0 were given oral @entity3 (Group I) in a dose of 2 mg twice daily while 135 @entity0 were given a placebo (Group II) in the same dose until delivery. The criteria for recruitment included gestational age of 16-20 weeks, singleton pregnancy, absence of any medical complication and willingness on the part of the @entity0 to participate in the study. The @entity0 were followed-up until delivery for development of @entity1 , mode of delivery and fetal outcome. RESULTS: The two groups were comparable in their maternal characteristics. @entity1 developed in significantly less @entity0 in the @entity3 group than in the placebo group (8.6% vs. 17.7%, P=0.043 by chi-square test). Mean diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the placebo group (92.2+/-5.98 mmHg vs. 86.7+/-3.80 mmHg, P=0.012). Mean fetal weight was significantly higher in the @entity3 group (2751.17+/-315.76 g vs. 2657+/-444.30 g, P=0.049). The incidence of @entity2 was significantly lower in the @entity3 group than in the placebo group (12% vs. 23.7%, P=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that the antioxidant @entity3 reduces the development of @entity1 and @entity2 in primigravida @entity0 .

title: Effect of @entity3 on XXXX and intra-uterine growth retardation in primigravidas.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of the antioxidant @entity3 on the occurrence of @entity1 and @entity2 in primigravida @entity0 . METHODS: A total of 251 primigravida @entity0 were enrolled in this prospective, randomized controlled study in the second trimester. A total of 116 @entity0 were given oral @entity3 (Group I) in a dose of 2 mg twice daily while 135 @entity0 were given a placebo (Group II) in the same dose until delivery. The criteria for recruitment included gestational age of 16-20 weeks, singleton pregnancy, absence of any medical complication and willingness on the part of the @entity0 to participate in the study. The @entity0 were followed-up until delivery for development of @entity1 , mode of delivery and fetal outcome. RESULTS: The two groups were comparable in their maternal characteristics. @entity1 developed in significantly less @entity0 in the @entity3 group than in the placebo group (8.6% vs. 17.7%, P=0.043 by chi-square test). Mean diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the placebo group (92.2+/-5.98 mmHg vs. 86.7+/-3.80 mmHg, P=0.012). Mean fetal weight was significantly higher in the @entity3 group (2751.17+/-315.76 g vs. 2657+/-444.30 g, P=0.049). The incidence of @entity2 was significantly lower in the @entity3 group than in the placebo group (12% vs. 23.7%, P=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that the antioxidant @entity3 reduces the development of @entity1 and @entity2 in primigravida @entity0 .

title: Effect of XXXX on @entity1 and intra-uterine growth retardation in primigravidas.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an antibody deficiency treated with immunoglobulin; however, @entity0 can have noninfectious inflammatory conditions that lead to heightened morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES: Modular analyses of RNA transcripts in whole blood previously identified an upregulation of many interferon-responsive genes. In this study we sought the cell populations leading to this signature. METHODS: Lymphoid cells were measured in peripheral blood of 55 @entity0 with @entity5 (31 with and 24 without inflammatory/autoimmune complications) by using mass cytometry and flow cytometry. Surface markers, cytokines, and transcriptional characteristics of sorted innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) were defined by using quantitative PCR. Gastrointestinal and lung biopsy specimens of subjects with @entity1 were stained to seek ILCs in tissues. RESULTS: The linage-negative, CD127(+), CD161(+) lymphoid population containing T-box transcription factor, @entity3 -related orphan receptor (ROR) yt, @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity6 , all hallmarks of type 3 innate lymphoid cells, were expanded in the blood of @entity0 with @entity5 with inflammatory conditions (mean, 3.7% of PBMCs). ILCs contained detectable amounts of the transcription factors inhibitor of DNA binding 2, T-box transcription factor, and RORyt and increased mRNA transcripts for @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity8 , demonstrating inflammatory potential. In gastrointestinal and lung biopsy tissues of @entity0 with @entity5 , numerous @entity2 (+)RORyt(+)CD3(-) cells were identified, suggesting a role in these mucosal inflammatory states. CONCLUSIONS: An expansion of this highly inflammatory ILC population is a characteristic of @entity0 with @entity5 with @entity1 ; ILCs and the interferon signature are markers for the uncontrolled inflammatory state in these @entity0 .

title: Expansion of inflammatory innate lymphoid cells in XXXX with common variable immune deficiency.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is a known risk factor for the development of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), but @entity1 's effects on outcomes following @entity2 reconstruction are unknown. We hypothesized that @entity1 would negatively impact outcomes following joint-preserving stage II @entity2 reconstruction. METHODS: This retrospective study compared the outcomes of normal-weight (18.5 kg/m(2)  <= BMI < 25 kg/m(2)), overweight (25 kg/m(2)  <= BMI < 30 kg/m(2)), and @entity1 (BMI >=  30 kg/m(2)) @entity0 after @entity2 reconstruction. Clinical outcome measures included the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Short-Form 12 (SF-12), and Numeric Rating Scale of @entity3 (NRS @entity3 ) administered preoperatively and at least 1 year postoperatively. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken preoperatively and at least 6 months postoperatively. Pre- to postoperative changes in outcome measures were assessed within BMI classes. Preoperative, postoperative, and pre- to postoperative changes in outcomes were compared among BMI classes. There were 41 normal-weight @entity0 , 39 overweight @entity0 , and 44 @entity1 @entity0 with a mean age of 56 years, FAOS follow-up of 2.9 years, and radiographic follow-up of 2.1 years. Demographics and reconstructive procedures were comparable among the 3 BMI classes. RESULTS: All outcomes significantly increased pre- to postoperatively in the 3 groups with the exception of the FAOS Symptoms subscale for normal-weight @entity0 (P = .340) and SF-12 Mental Component score for all 3 BMI classes (P > .999). Preoperatively, @entity1 @entity0 had more symptoms than normal-weight @entity0 , scoring 12 points lower on the FAOS Symptoms subscore (P = .008). @entity1 @entity0 also scored 11 points lower preoperatively on the SF-12 Overall score (P = .028) and had 31% greater @entity3 than normal-weight @entity0 (P = .003). There were no differences among the 3 BMI classes in any postoperative outcomes assessed. CONCLUSION: Although @entity1 @entity0 had significantly worse symptoms, overall health, and NRS @entity3 scores preoperatively, the short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of stage II @entity2 reconstruction were similar for normal-weight, overweight, and @entity1 @entity0 . We suggest that joint-preserving reconstruction remains a viable alternative to fusion of the triple joint complex for the treatment of overweight and @entity1 stage II @entity2 @entity0 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

title: Effect of Obesity on Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes Following Reconstruction of Stage II Adult Acquired XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is a review of studies with two agents, @entity6 and @entity12 , which have been found to enhance recovery of cellular @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 after @entity2 . METHODS: The studies used a sublethal (30 minutes) reservoir shock model in 300- to 350-g, male, @entity1 , using either @entity9 - @entity10 or @entity11 anesthesia. @entity6 was given as a 3% (21 mmol/L) solution in Ringer's @entity5 (630 mg/kg). @entity12 was given as a 500 nmol/L solution in Ringer's @entity5 (2 mg/kg). RESULTS: Both @entity6 and @entity12 caused recovery of @entity3 to baseline levels (9.0 micromol/g) within 60 to 120 minutes after resuscitation. @entity8 levels returned more rapidly to baseline (0.1 micromol/g). Both agents prevented the elevation in apoptosis seen in controls at 24 and 48 hours. CONCLUSION: @entity6 is a metabolic substrate and a precursor of @entity3 synthesis. @entity12 enhances @entity0 diffusivity in plasma. Both agents restore cellular energy stores to normal after @entity2 and produce a marked diminution in the extent of apoptosis postshock. Their mechanism of action probably involves prevention of @entity7 .

title: Cellular energetics in XXXX : restoring @entity3 to the cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is a review of studies with two agents, @entity6 and @entity12 , which have been found to enhance recovery of cellular @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 after @entity2 . METHODS: The studies used a sublethal (30 minutes) reservoir shock model in 300- to 350-g, male, @entity1 , using either @entity9 - @entity10 or @entity11 anesthesia. @entity6 was given as a 3% (21 mmol/L) solution in Ringer's @entity5 (630 mg/kg). @entity12 was given as a 500 nmol/L solution in Ringer's @entity5 (2 mg/kg). RESULTS: Both @entity6 and @entity12 caused recovery of @entity3 to baseline levels (9.0 micromol/g) within 60 to 120 minutes after resuscitation. @entity8 levels returned more rapidly to baseline (0.1 micromol/g). Both agents prevented the elevation in apoptosis seen in controls at 24 and 48 hours. CONCLUSION: @entity6 is a metabolic substrate and a precursor of @entity3 synthesis. @entity12 enhances @entity0 diffusivity in plasma. Both agents restore cellular energy stores to normal after @entity2 and produce a marked diminution in the extent of apoptosis postshock. Their mechanism of action probably involves prevention of @entity7 .

title: Cellular energetics in @entity2 : restoring XXXX to the cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stent implantation into the tracheo-bronchial system may be life-saving in selected pediatric @entity0 with otherwise intractable stenosis of the upper airways. Following implantation, significant tissue proliferation may occur, requiring re-interventions. We sought to evaluate the effect of immunosuppressive coating of the stents on the extent of tissue proliferation in an animal model. METHODS: Bare metal and @entity2 -coated stents (Bx Sonic and Cypher Select, Johnson _ Johnson, Cordis) were implanted into non-stenotic lower airways of New Zealand white @entity1 (weight 3.1 to 4.8  kg). Three stents with @entity2 coating and six bare metal stents could be analyzed by means of histology and immunohistochemistry 12  months after implantation. RESULTS: On a macroscopic evaluation, all stents were partially covered with a considerable amount of whitish tissue. Histologically, these proliferations contained fiber-rich connective tissue and some fibromuscular cells without significant differences between both stent types. The superficial tissue layer was formed by typical respiratory epithelium and polygonal cells. Abundant lymphocyte infiltrations and moderate granulocyte infiltrations were found in both groups correspondingly, whereas @entity3 was more pronounced around @entity2 -eluting stents. CONCLUSIONS: After stent implantation in the tracheo-bronchial system of @entity1 , we found tissue reactions comparable to those seen after stent implantation into the vascular system. There was no difference between coated and uncoated stents with regard to quality and quantity of tissue proliferation. We found, however, a significantly different inflammatory reaction with a more pronounced @entity3 in @entity2 -coated stents. In our small series, drug-eluting stents did not exhibit any benefit over bare metal stents in an experimental setting.

title: Stent implantation into the tracheo-bronchial system in XXXX : histopathologic sequelae in bare metal vs. drug-eluting stents.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: There is growing support for the role of @entity1 and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). This has led to the development of novel strategies targeting @entity1 in the treatment of @entity3 . @entity4 and @entity2 have well-documented, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of the Youth Depression Alleviation: Augmentation with an anti-inflammatory agent (YoDA-A) study is to determine whether individuals receiving adjunctive anti-inflammatory agents, @entity2 and @entity4 experience a reduction in the severity of @entity3 compared with individuals receiving placebo. METHODS: YoDA-A is a 12-week triple-blind, randomized controlled trial funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia. @entity0 aged 15-25, with moderate-to-severe @entity3 , are allocated to receive either 10   mg/day @entity4 , 100   mg/day @entity2 , or placebo, in addition to treatment as usual. @entity0 are assessed at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, 12 and 26. The primary outcome is change in the Montgomery-  sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) from baseline to week 12. RESULTS: The study is planned to be completed in 2017. At date of publication, 85 @entity0 have been recruited. CONCLUSION: Timely and targeted intervention for youth @entity3 is crucial. Given the paucity of new agents to treat youth @entity3 , adjunctive trials are not only pragmatic and 'real-world', but additionally aim to target shortfalls in conventional medications. This study has the potential to first provide two new adjunctive treatment options for youth @entity3 ; @entity2 and @entity4 . Second, this study will serve as proof of principle of the role of @entity1 in @entity3 .

title: Youth Depression Alleviation-Augmentation with an anti-inflammatory agent (YoDA-A): protocol and rationale for a placebo-controlled randomized trial of @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: There is growing support for the role of @entity1 and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). This has led to the development of novel strategies targeting @entity1 in the treatment of @entity3 . @entity4 and @entity2 have well-documented, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of the Youth Depression Alleviation: Augmentation with an anti-inflammatory agent (YoDA-A) study is to determine whether individuals receiving adjunctive anti-inflammatory agents, @entity2 and @entity4 experience a reduction in the severity of @entity3 compared with individuals receiving placebo. METHODS: YoDA-A is a 12-week triple-blind, randomized controlled trial funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia. @entity0 aged 15-25, with moderate-to-severe @entity3 , are allocated to receive either 10   mg/day @entity4 , 100   mg/day @entity2 , or placebo, in addition to treatment as usual. @entity0 are assessed at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, 12 and 26. The primary outcome is change in the Montgomery-  sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) from baseline to week 12. RESULTS: The study is planned to be completed in 2017. At date of publication, 85 @entity0 have been recruited. CONCLUSION: Timely and targeted intervention for youth @entity3 is crucial. Given the paucity of new agents to treat youth @entity3 , adjunctive trials are not only pragmatic and 'real-world', but additionally aim to target shortfalls in conventional medications. This study has the potential to first provide two new adjunctive treatment options for youth @entity3 ; @entity2 and @entity4 . Second, this study will serve as proof of principle of the role of @entity1 in @entity3 .

title: Youth Depression Alleviation-Augmentation with an anti-inflammatory agent (YoDA-A): protocol and rationale for a placebo-controlled randomized trial of XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the frequency of @entity2 aminotransferase (ALT) elevation during interferon-alpha treatment, the so-called "flare", its relation to serum @entity4 levels, and its impact on the outcome of treatment in @entity6 . METHODS: The files of 53 treatment-naive @entity0 with @entity6 (17 @entity3 e antigen ( @entity7 ) +ve, 36 @entity7 -ve) who had been treated with 10 MU @entity5 three times per week for 24 weeks were reviewed. We analyzed the fluctuations in serum ALT, @entity4 , and @entity1 -DNA levels before, during, and after flare. RESULTS: We detected flare in 4/17 (24%) of the @entity7 +ve and 7/34 (21%) of the @entity7 -ve @entity0 . ALT level peaked between weeks 2 and 16 (mean, week 8). After flare, @entity1 -DNA disappeared in 5/7 (71%) @entity7 -ve vs 3/4 (75%) @entity7 +ve @entity0 (all seroconverted to anti-HBe). The overall sustained response rate was 41%: 55% in the @entity0 with flare, and 38% in those without ( P > 0.05). Basal serum @entity4 levels were significantly higher in responders vs nonresponders (2.19 +/- 0.32 vs 1.78 +/- 0.34 mg/l, mean +/- SD; P < 0.005). In addition, during treatment, serum @entity4 levels increased significantly only in responders, and the degree of increase was significantly higher in responders with flare vs responders without flare (3 +/- 0.33 vs 2.34 +/- 0.35 mg/l; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study, with a limited sample size, showed that, in @entity6 , there is a trend for a higher response in @entity0 with exacerbation of @entity3 with interferon-alpha treatment. However, the difference does not reach statistical significance to be of predictive value. On the other hand, serum @entity4 levels before and during treatment may be useful in predicting the outcome.

title: Acute exacerbation during interferon alfa treatment of XXXX : frequency and relation to serum @entity4 levels.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the frequency of @entity2 aminotransferase (ALT) elevation during interferon-alpha treatment, the so-called "flare", its relation to serum @entity4 levels, and its impact on the outcome of treatment in @entity6 . METHODS: The files of 53 treatment-naive @entity0 with @entity6 (17 @entity3 e antigen ( @entity7 ) +ve, 36 @entity7 -ve) who had been treated with 10 MU @entity5 three times per week for 24 weeks were reviewed. We analyzed the fluctuations in serum ALT, @entity4 , and @entity1 -DNA levels before, during, and after flare. RESULTS: We detected flare in 4/17 (24%) of the @entity7 +ve and 7/34 (21%) of the @entity7 -ve @entity0 . ALT level peaked between weeks 2 and 16 (mean, week 8). After flare, @entity1 -DNA disappeared in 5/7 (71%) @entity7 -ve vs 3/4 (75%) @entity7 +ve @entity0 (all seroconverted to anti-HBe). The overall sustained response rate was 41%: 55% in the @entity0 with flare, and 38% in those without ( P > 0.05). Basal serum @entity4 levels were significantly higher in responders vs nonresponders (2.19 +/- 0.32 vs 1.78 +/- 0.34 mg/l, mean +/- SD; P < 0.005). In addition, during treatment, serum @entity4 levels increased significantly only in responders, and the degree of increase was significantly higher in responders with flare vs responders without flare (3 +/- 0.33 vs 2.34 +/- 0.35 mg/l; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study, with a limited sample size, showed that, in @entity6 , there is a trend for a higher response in @entity0 with exacerbation of @entity3 with interferon-alpha treatment. However, the difference does not reach statistical significance to be of predictive value. On the other hand, serum @entity4 levels before and during treatment may be useful in predicting the outcome.

title: Acute exacerbation during interferon alfa treatment of @entity6 : frequency and relation to serum XXXX levels.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Malignant mixed @entity0 (MMMTs) are aggressive @entity0 with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Despite advances in adjuvant therapies in recent years, the prognosis of these @entity0 has not improved. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is produced by a variety of @entity0 and acts as a growth factor in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Its function requires the presence of its receptors to exert its effects on neoplastic cells. In this study, we evaluated the expression of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in a group of MMMTs. Thirty-one examples of MMMTs from endometrium, ovary, uterine tube, and pelvic peritoneum were retrieved from the files of Department of Pathology at the University of Miami, Jackson Memorial Hospital. Immunohistochemistry for @entity4 was performed on paraffin sections and the staining results were evaluated separately in both epithelial and mesenchymal components of each @entity0 . The presence of pituitary type @entity4 mRNA and that of its biologically active splice variant were also evaluated by RT-PCR in 6 of the @entity0 . Positive immunohistochemical reaction for @entity4 was detected in 30 @entity0 (96%). The epithelial and @entity2 were positive in 30 (96%), whereas one @entity1 was negative in both components. The mRNA for @entity4 and its splice variant was found in all 6 tested @entity0 . This study shows that @entity4 is expressed by the majority of MMMTs in both epithelial and mesenchymal components. This finding could potentially serve as a basis for therapeutic approaches using synthetic peptide antagonists of @entity4 that have shown significant efficacy with minimal side effects in experimental models.

title: XXXX Expression in Malignant Mixed M  llerian Tumors: A Potentially Targetable Biopredictor.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Fluid resuscitation in sepsis-related @entity4 is limited by aggravation of @entity10 . @entity11 , however, may compromise tissue perfusion and contribute to organ dysfunction. We hypothesized that inhaled @entity6 would reduce @entity1 formation during fluid therapy. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective laboratory investigation in a university research laboratory. @entity0 : Eighteen chronically instrumented @entity5 . INTERVENTIONS: The animals were randomly assigned to one of three groups and received endotoxin ( @entity9 , 10 ng kg(-1) min(-1)) for 30 h. After 24 h the @entity5 were anesthetized ( @entity12 / @entity8 ), mechanically ventilated with @entity2 , and received 0.1 ml kg(-1) @entity13 : @entity14 group (n=6), an infusion of Ringer's lactate was restricted to 1 ml kg(-1) h(-1); fluid/oxy group (n=6), a bolus of 10 ml kg(-1) Ringer's @entity7 plus 10 ml kg(-1) h(-1) was given; fluid/NO group (n=6), the @entity5 were treated as in the fluid/oxy group, except that they inhaled @entity6 (20 ppm). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The extravascular lung water index was measured using thermodye dilution. @entity13 increased extravascular lung water, impaired oxygenation, and reduced cardiac index at 26 h in all groups. After 30 h the extravascular lung water in the fluid/NO group was not higher than in the oxy group and significantly than in the fluid/oxy group. While cardiac index returned to the level of sepsis baseline in fluid/NO and fluid/oxy, it was reduced in the oxy group after 30 h. There were no significant differences in cardiac index between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled @entity6 may be an option for reducing @entity1 formation secondary to fluid resuscitation in @entity3 .

title: Inhaled XXXX reduces lung @entity1 during fluid resuscitation in ovine @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Fluid resuscitation in sepsis-related @entity4 is limited by aggravation of @entity10 . @entity11 , however, may compromise tissue perfusion and contribute to organ dysfunction. We hypothesized that inhaled @entity6 would reduce @entity1 formation during fluid therapy. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective laboratory investigation in a university research laboratory. @entity0 : Eighteen chronically instrumented @entity5 . INTERVENTIONS: The animals were randomly assigned to one of three groups and received endotoxin ( @entity9 , 10 ng kg(-1) min(-1)) for 30 h. After 24 h the @entity5 were anesthetized ( @entity12 / @entity8 ), mechanically ventilated with @entity2 , and received 0.1 ml kg(-1) @entity13 : @entity14 group (n=6), an infusion of Ringer's lactate was restricted to 1 ml kg(-1) h(-1); fluid/oxy group (n=6), a bolus of 10 ml kg(-1) Ringer's @entity7 plus 10 ml kg(-1) h(-1) was given; fluid/NO group (n=6), the @entity5 were treated as in the fluid/oxy group, except that they inhaled @entity6 (20 ppm). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The extravascular lung water index was measured using thermodye dilution. @entity13 increased extravascular lung water, impaired oxygenation, and reduced cardiac index at 26 h in all groups. After 30 h the extravascular lung water in the fluid/NO group was not higher than in the oxy group and significantly than in the fluid/oxy group. While cardiac index returned to the level of sepsis baseline in fluid/NO and fluid/oxy, it was reduced in the oxy group after 30 h. There were no significant differences in cardiac index between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled @entity6 may be an option for reducing @entity1 formation secondary to fluid resuscitation in @entity3 .

title: Inhaled @entity6 reduces lung @entity1 during fluid resuscitation in ovine XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Fluid resuscitation in sepsis-related @entity4 is limited by aggravation of @entity10 . @entity11 , however, may compromise tissue perfusion and contribute to organ dysfunction. We hypothesized that inhaled @entity6 would reduce @entity1 formation during fluid therapy. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective laboratory investigation in a university research laboratory. @entity0 : Eighteen chronically instrumented @entity5 . INTERVENTIONS: The animals were randomly assigned to one of three groups and received endotoxin ( @entity9 , 10 ng kg(-1) min(-1)) for 30 h. After 24 h the @entity5 were anesthetized ( @entity12 / @entity8 ), mechanically ventilated with @entity2 , and received 0.1 ml kg(-1) @entity13 : @entity14 group (n=6), an infusion of Ringer's lactate was restricted to 1 ml kg(-1) h(-1); fluid/oxy group (n=6), a bolus of 10 ml kg(-1) Ringer's @entity7 plus 10 ml kg(-1) h(-1) was given; fluid/NO group (n=6), the @entity5 were treated as in the fluid/oxy group, except that they inhaled @entity6 (20 ppm). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The extravascular lung water index was measured using thermodye dilution. @entity13 increased extravascular lung water, impaired oxygenation, and reduced cardiac index at 26 h in all groups. After 30 h the extravascular lung water in the fluid/NO group was not higher than in the oxy group and significantly than in the fluid/oxy group. While cardiac index returned to the level of sepsis baseline in fluid/NO and fluid/oxy, it was reduced in the oxy group after 30 h. There were no significant differences in cardiac index between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled @entity6 may be an option for reducing @entity1 formation secondary to fluid resuscitation in @entity3 .

title: Inhaled @entity6 reduces lung XXXX during fluid resuscitation in ovine @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11 ( @entity11 ) is a @entity3 of immune regulation, with overproduction of cytokines and diminished immune surveillance. Symptoms are nonspecific and may affect multiple organs, including the central nervous system. Neuroimaging findings have been described in case reports and small series; body imaging findings have not been described extensively. OBJECTIVE. To summarize findings of the most frequently performed imaging studies of the brain, chest and abdomen in @entity0 with @entity11 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of chest radiographs and CT, abdominal ultrasound and CT, brain CT and MRI, skeletal surveys, and autopsy data. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity0 were diagnosed and treated for @entity11 at our institution over an 11-year period; 15 @entity0 (60%) died. Common chest radiograph findings included alveolar-interstitial opacities with @entity10 , often with rapid evolution and resolution. @entity8 , gallbladder wall thickening, @entity2 were common abdominal findings, which resolved after therapy in some cases. Brain-imaging studies revealed nonspecific periventricular white-matter abnormalities, @entity4 and enlargement of extra-axial fluid spaces. Three @entity0 cases, one with @entity9 , one with multiple pathologic @entity6 and one with diaphyseal periosteal reaction involving multiple long bones on skeletal survey, raised suspicion of @entity0 abuse at presentation. Abuse was not substantiated in any case. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians and radiologists should be aware of the radiographic manifestations of @entity11 , which are nonspecific and overlap with infectious, inflammatory and @entity1 . Findings in the chest (similar to acute @entity7 ) and abdomen may progress rapidly and then regress with institution of appropriate anti- @entity11 therapy. CNS findings may be progressive. In some @entity0 , initial imaging findings may mimic nonaccidental @entity5 .

title: Imaging characteristics of XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: Serum and renal tissue concentrations of @entity7 ( @entity8 ) after intravenous dosing with 1 g were determined in 15 @entity0 with @entity1 . The highest serum concentration of @entity8 was 105 micrograms/ml 6 minutes after dosing and the lowest concentration was 10.5 micrograms/ml at 170 minutes. The highest renal tissue concentration was 155 micrograms/g and the lowest concentration was 7.46 micrograms/g. There were no correlation between the tissue concentrations and sampling time. Tissue to serum concentration ratios ranged from 0.28 to 5.73. These @entity0 were divided into 3 groups; @entity4 , normal kidneys and @entity1 according to pyelographic findings. Their renal tissue concentrations were compared with serum concentrations in each group. The tissue concentrations were lower than the serum concentrations in the first group, and were almost the same or higher in the other groups. @entity8 concentrations in the medulla and the cortex were determined in 5 @entity0 ; and were higher in the medulla in 4 of these @entity0 . @entity2 due to @entity3 , K. pneumoniae, @entity9 , @entity5 or @entity6 was present in 5 of the 25 @entity0 . Intravenous injection of 1 g of @entity8 provided therapeutically effective concentrations against these @entity2 .

title: [Transfer of XXXX to renal tissues].

answer: @entity7


abstract: A histopathologic review of F344 @entity1 spleens from the National Toxicology Program-National @entity0 Institute bioassays of barium salt of @entity11 [(D _ C Red No. 9) CAS: 516-00-21] and @entity9 @entity8 (CAS: 142-04-1) was conducted to assess splenotoxic changes associated with @entity4 induced by these @entity10 . Four @entity7 (FM), @entity3 (FIB), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity5 --were markedly increased in incidence and severity in males treated with high doses of either D _ C Red No. 9 or @entity9 @entity8 . Females treated with high doses of either of these compounds showed similar but less severe changes. FIB and FM showed strong group correlations with @entity0 incidence (r greater than or equal to 0.87). All groups that demonstrated FM also demonstrated @entity4 ; groups without the FM lesions did not exhibit @entity0 . The morphologic similarity of the FIB and @entity6 lesions to the induced @entity4 suggests that these lesions are preneoplastic. Moreover, the treatment-related @entity2 appear to be precursors of the induced @entity4 . Carcinogenicity studies with serial sacrifices at varying intervals will be required for experimental verification of these conclusions. A schema, based on the findings of the study, suggests a hypothetical pathway for the progression of the treatment-related @entity2 from onset to @entity0 formation.

title: Splenotoxicity associated with @entity4 in @entity1 fed high doses of D _ C Red No. 9 or XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: A histopathologic review of F344 @entity1 spleens from the National Toxicology Program-National @entity0 Institute bioassays of barium salt of @entity11 [(D _ C Red No. 9) CAS: 516-00-21] and @entity9 @entity8 (CAS: 142-04-1) was conducted to assess splenotoxic changes associated with @entity4 induced by these @entity10 . Four @entity7 (FM), @entity3 (FIB), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity5 --were markedly increased in incidence and severity in males treated with high doses of either D _ C Red No. 9 or @entity9 @entity8 . Females treated with high doses of either of these compounds showed similar but less severe changes. FIB and FM showed strong group correlations with @entity0 incidence (r greater than or equal to 0.87). All groups that demonstrated FM also demonstrated @entity4 ; groups without the FM lesions did not exhibit @entity0 . The morphologic similarity of the FIB and @entity6 lesions to the induced @entity4 suggests that these lesions are preneoplastic. Moreover, the treatment-related @entity2 appear to be precursors of the induced @entity4 . Carcinogenicity studies with serial sacrifices at varying intervals will be required for experimental verification of these conclusions. A schema, based on the findings of the study, suggests a hypothetical pathway for the progression of the treatment-related @entity2 from onset to @entity0 formation.

title: Splenotoxicity associated with XXXX in @entity1 fed high doses of D _ C Red No. 9 or @entity9 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A histopathologic review of F344 @entity1 spleens from the National Toxicology Program-National @entity0 Institute bioassays of barium salt of @entity11 [(D _ C Red No. 9) CAS: 516-00-21] and @entity9 @entity8 (CAS: 142-04-1) was conducted to assess splenotoxic changes associated with @entity4 induced by these @entity10 . Four @entity7 (FM), @entity3 (FIB), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity5 --were markedly increased in incidence and severity in males treated with high doses of either D _ C Red No. 9 or @entity9 @entity8 . Females treated with high doses of either of these compounds showed similar but less severe changes. FIB and FM showed strong group correlations with @entity0 incidence (r greater than or equal to 0.87). All groups that demonstrated FM also demonstrated @entity4 ; groups without the FM lesions did not exhibit @entity0 . The morphologic similarity of the FIB and @entity6 lesions to the induced @entity4 suggests that these lesions are preneoplastic. Moreover, the treatment-related @entity2 appear to be precursors of the induced @entity4 . Carcinogenicity studies with serial sacrifices at varying intervals will be required for experimental verification of these conclusions. A schema, based on the findings of the study, suggests a hypothetical pathway for the progression of the treatment-related @entity2 from onset to @entity0 formation.

title: Splenotoxicity associated with @entity4 in XXXX fed high doses of D _ C Red No. 9 or @entity9 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of @entity2 (LA) and @entity5 ( @entity4 ), both precursors of PGE(1), on tear production, tear @entity1 clearance and on the ocular surface after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS: Sixty subjects (age 25+/-10 years; refractive error -3+/-2 diopters (spherical equivalent), mean +/- standard deviation) undergoing PRK were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were: Schirmer 1 test >10 mm/5 min, no corneal @entity1 staining, low irritation symptoms (questionnaire score <5), standardised visual scale (to evaluate tear @entity1 clearance) score <3. @entity0 were randomly divided into two groups. One group of 31 subjects was treated once daily orally with tablets containing LA (28.5 mg) and GLA (15.1 mg) (from 3 days before PRK to 1 month after PRK). The control group (29 subjects) underwent PRK and received no treatment with LA and GLA. A symptoms questionnaire, Schirmer 1 test and @entity1 clearance test (FCT) using the standardised visual scale were performed before starting therapy (T(0)) and 30 days after PRK (T(1)). RESULTS: All @entity0 completed the study. The Schirmer 1 test varied from 16.3+/-6.9 (T(0)) to 17.6+/-7.2 (T(1)) for the treated group and from 18.3+/-6.2 (T(0)) to 15.7+/-7.4 (T(1)) for the untreated group ( P<0.0001, two-tailed unpaired t-test). FCT was 1.9+/-0.6 at T(0) and 1.6+/-0.8 at T(1) for the treated group and 1.7+/-0.7 at T(0) and 2.0+/-0.9 at T(1) for the untreated group ( P<0.0001). The symptoms score was 4.7+/-1.9 at T(0) and 7.6+/-7.2 at T(1) for the treated group and 4.2+/-2.0 at T(0) and 10.1+/-7.6 at T(1) for the untreated group ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Reduced corneal sensitivity has already been proved after PRK. This could be the main reason for a decrease in tear production and for a reduced blinking rate leading to delayed tear clearance. The oral precursors of @entity3 , LA and GLA, could be helpful in increasing tear production and clearance after PRK.

title: Effect of @entity2 and XXXX on tear production, tear clearance and on the ocular surface after photorefractive keratectomy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of @entity2 (LA) and @entity5 ( @entity4 ), both precursors of PGE(1), on tear production, tear @entity1 clearance and on the ocular surface after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS: Sixty subjects (age 25+/-10 years; refractive error -3+/-2 diopters (spherical equivalent), mean +/- standard deviation) undergoing PRK were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were: Schirmer 1 test >10 mm/5 min, no corneal @entity1 staining, low irritation symptoms (questionnaire score <5), standardised visual scale (to evaluate tear @entity1 clearance) score <3. @entity0 were randomly divided into two groups. One group of 31 subjects was treated once daily orally with tablets containing LA (28.5 mg) and GLA (15.1 mg) (from 3 days before PRK to 1 month after PRK). The control group (29 subjects) underwent PRK and received no treatment with LA and GLA. A symptoms questionnaire, Schirmer 1 test and @entity1 clearance test (FCT) using the standardised visual scale were performed before starting therapy (T(0)) and 30 days after PRK (T(1)). RESULTS: All @entity0 completed the study. The Schirmer 1 test varied from 16.3+/-6.9 (T(0)) to 17.6+/-7.2 (T(1)) for the treated group and from 18.3+/-6.2 (T(0)) to 15.7+/-7.4 (T(1)) for the untreated group ( P<0.0001, two-tailed unpaired t-test). FCT was 1.9+/-0.6 at T(0) and 1.6+/-0.8 at T(1) for the treated group and 1.7+/-0.7 at T(0) and 2.0+/-0.9 at T(1) for the untreated group ( P<0.0001). The symptoms score was 4.7+/-1.9 at T(0) and 7.6+/-7.2 at T(1) for the treated group and 4.2+/-2.0 at T(0) and 10.1+/-7.6 at T(1) for the untreated group ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Reduced corneal sensitivity has already been proved after PRK. This could be the main reason for a decrease in tear production and for a reduced blinking rate leading to delayed tear clearance. The oral precursors of @entity3 , LA and GLA, could be helpful in increasing tear production and clearance after PRK.

title: Effect of XXXX and @entity5 on tear production, tear clearance and on the ocular surface after photorefractive keratectomy.

answer: @entity2