abstract: Fifty eight @entity0 (aged 8-59 years, mean 27) treated for @entity2 from January 1966 to January 1985 were studied retrospectively by review of case notes. There were 12 cases of early and 46 cases of late @entity2 . These developed in 28 @entity0 with an isolated aortic valve, in 26 with an isolated mitral valve, and in four with both aortic and mitral prosthetic valves. Streptococci were the most commonly isolated microorganisms, followed by staphylococci, Gram negative bacteria, and fungi. A surgical (34 cases) or a necropsy specimen (10 cases) from 44 cases was examined. Eighty two per cent of the @entity0 had @entity3 . Twenty four of the 58 @entity0 were medically treated and 17 died (70% mortality). Combined medical and surgical treatment was used in 34 @entity0 ; the main indication for surgery was @entity3 . Fourteen @entity0 on combined treatment died (40% mortality). Persistent @entity1 and prosthetic valve dehiscence were the most common early and late operative complications. The most important influences on outcome were @entity3 , the type of micro-organism, the severity and extent of anatomical lesions, the time of onset of @entity2 , and the type of treatment. This survey indicates that only @entity0 without @entity3 and with sensitive micro-organism should be treated medically. In view of the poor prognosis @entity0 with @entity2 associated with @entity3 , persistent @entity1 , and repeat arterial emboli should be treated by early surgical intervention.

title: XXXX . A survey.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Bone @entity4 (BME) of the knee is often seen in MRI and has several different underlying pathologies. The correlation between disorders of the knee joint and a BME is not fully understood yet. Persistent or progressive @entity5 after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy is still a common phenomenon in many @entity0 . The aim of this prospective clinical trial was to find a correlation between the typical @entity2 and BME in MRI and to identify possible therapeutic consequences. @entity0 , Material and Methods: 150 consecutive @entity0 with preoperatively diagnosed meniscus defects and without any previous operation and no BME underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. A two- to three-day resting period was established postoperatively. The @entity0 then rapidly returned to full weight bearing. No crutches were used. As a standard analgetic, we used @entity6 50   mg three times a day for three days. Clinical control and removal of the sutures was performed on day 8 postoperatively. The @entity0 ' @entity3 status was controlled by using the IKDC score and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and six weeks after surgery. Six weeks after the surgical intervention, the @entity0 underwent a standardized physical examination and, if there @entity1 or discomfort of the knee, a new MRI was performed. However, if @entity0 showed signs or severe discomfort prior to the end of the six-week observation period an MRI was scheduled earlier. Results: Postoperatively 11 of the 150 @entity0 (7,3%) developed progressive discomfort with @entity3 during stress and also by night. A postoperative BME in the MRI was seen in all 11 symptomatic @entity0 (100%). We saw a significant correlation to @entity0 older than 70 years (p   <   0.05). The VAS score six weeks after arthroscopy was significant reduced in the group without any clinical symptoms (2.63        2.83 after arthroscopy and 4.27        2.36   MW    SEM before arthroscopy) compared to the group with proven BME (5.09        2.74 before arthroscopy and 5.27        2.57   MW    SEM after arthroscopy; p   <   0.05). The IKDC score was significantly enhanced in the clinical asymptomatic group: 58.1        10.53 in comparison to the @entity0 with proven BME, with 35.32        13.2   MW    SEM (p   <   0.05). Conclusion: @entity0 with clinical symptomatic BME showed a significantly higher VAS score and a significantly lower IKDC score postoperatively. Therefore, in @entity0 with postoperative discomfort, a prompt MRI should be performed and, if a BME is proven, further therapy should be modified.

title: [Risk of Developing Clinical Symptomatically Postmeniscectomy Bone XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: In New Zealand, M  ori and Pacific @entity1 are more likely than New Zealand/European @entity1 to present at a younger age with larger @entity3 and @entity2 . Survival rates are also differential by ethnicity. Many factors are believed to be responsible for this including differences in comorbidities, delays to presentation and delays in treatment. It is unclear whether these differences exist amongst @entity1 with grade 1 @entity3 in New Zealand. Therefore, we examined patterns of axillary nodal involvement, @entity4 and mortality in grade 1 @entity0 in New Zealand @entity1 , and whether ethnicity was an important predictor for any of these outcomes. METHOD: Data was retrieved from the Auckland Breast Cancer Registry (ABCR) and the Waikato Breast Cancer Registry (WBCR) which are prospective, population-based databases. All @entity1 newly diagnosed with grade 1 primary @entity0 between 1 June 2000 and 31 May 2013 were identified from the two registries. RESULTS: There were 2857 grade 1 @entity0 diagnosed over this time period. Axillary lymph nodes were involved in 19.0% of @entity1 , and 5.1% developed @entity4 (locoregional or distant). Pacific and M  ori @entity1 were more likely than NZ European @entity1 to have larger @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Predictors for axillary node involvement were @entity3 size greater than 10mm, @entity2 and non-screen detected @entity3 . @entity3 size greater than 10mm, @entity5 and BCS without radiotherapy were predictive of recurrent and or @entity2 . Ethnicity was not observed to be an independent predictor for axillary nodal involvement, recurrent and/or @entity2 , or @entity0 specific mortality amongst New Zealand @entity1 with grade 1 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Ethnicity was not a predictor of axillary node involvement, @entity4 or mortality in grade 1 @entity0 in our population.

title: Patterns of axillary lymph node @entity2 and XXXX in grade 1 @entity0 in a New Zealand cohort: Does ethnicity matter?

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: In New Zealand, M  ori and Pacific @entity1 are more likely than New Zealand/European @entity1 to present at a younger age with larger @entity3 and @entity2 . Survival rates are also differential by ethnicity. Many factors are believed to be responsible for this including differences in comorbidities, delays to presentation and delays in treatment. It is unclear whether these differences exist amongst @entity1 with grade 1 @entity3 in New Zealand. Therefore, we examined patterns of axillary nodal involvement, @entity4 and mortality in grade 1 @entity0 in New Zealand @entity1 , and whether ethnicity was an important predictor for any of these outcomes. METHOD: Data was retrieved from the Auckland Breast Cancer Registry (ABCR) and the Waikato Breast Cancer Registry (WBCR) which are prospective, population-based databases. All @entity1 newly diagnosed with grade 1 primary @entity0 between 1 June 2000 and 31 May 2013 were identified from the two registries. RESULTS: There were 2857 grade 1 @entity0 diagnosed over this time period. Axillary lymph nodes were involved in 19.0% of @entity1 , and 5.1% developed @entity4 (locoregional or distant). Pacific and M  ori @entity1 were more likely than NZ European @entity1 to have larger @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Predictors for axillary node involvement were @entity3 size greater than 10mm, @entity2 and non-screen detected @entity3 . @entity3 size greater than 10mm, @entity5 and BCS without radiotherapy were predictive of recurrent and or @entity2 . Ethnicity was not observed to be an independent predictor for axillary nodal involvement, recurrent and/or @entity2 , or @entity0 specific mortality amongst New Zealand @entity1 with grade 1 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Ethnicity was not a predictor of axillary node involvement, @entity4 or mortality in grade 1 @entity0 in our population.

title: Patterns of axillary lymph node XXXX and @entity4 in grade 1 @entity0 in a New Zealand cohort: Does ethnicity matter?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In New Zealand, M  ori and Pacific @entity1 are more likely than New Zealand/European @entity1 to present at a younger age with larger @entity3 and @entity2 . Survival rates are also differential by ethnicity. Many factors are believed to be responsible for this including differences in comorbidities, delays to presentation and delays in treatment. It is unclear whether these differences exist amongst @entity1 with grade 1 @entity3 in New Zealand. Therefore, we examined patterns of axillary nodal involvement, @entity4 and mortality in grade 1 @entity0 in New Zealand @entity1 , and whether ethnicity was an important predictor for any of these outcomes. METHOD: Data was retrieved from the Auckland Breast Cancer Registry (ABCR) and the Waikato Breast Cancer Registry (WBCR) which are prospective, population-based databases. All @entity1 newly diagnosed with grade 1 primary @entity0 between 1 June 2000 and 31 May 2013 were identified from the two registries. RESULTS: There were 2857 grade 1 @entity0 diagnosed over this time period. Axillary lymph nodes were involved in 19.0% of @entity1 , and 5.1% developed @entity4 (locoregional or distant). Pacific and M  ori @entity1 were more likely than NZ European @entity1 to have larger @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Predictors for axillary node involvement were @entity3 size greater than 10mm, @entity2 and non-screen detected @entity3 . @entity3 size greater than 10mm, @entity5 and BCS without radiotherapy were predictive of recurrent and or @entity2 . Ethnicity was not observed to be an independent predictor for axillary nodal involvement, recurrent and/or @entity2 , or @entity0 specific mortality amongst New Zealand @entity1 with grade 1 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Ethnicity was not a predictor of axillary node involvement, @entity4 or mortality in grade 1 @entity0 in our population.

title: Patterns of axillary lymph node @entity2 and @entity4 in grade 1 XXXX in a New Zealand cohort: Does ethnicity matter?

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current drug development efforts on @entity2 are directed against several molecular targets driving the growth of this @entity1 . Intra-tumoral biomarker heterogeneity however, commonly observed in @entity2 , could lead to biased selection of @entity0 . MET, @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity3 were profiled on @entity2 biopsy samples. An innovative pathological assessment was performed through scoring of individual biopsies against whole biopsies from a single @entity0 to enable heterogeneity evaluation. Following this, false negative risks for each biomarker were estimated in silico. 166 @entity2 cases with multiple biopsies from single @entity0 were collected from Shanghai Renji Hospital. Following pre-set criteria, 56 ~ 78% cases showed low, 15 ~ 35% showed medium and 0 ~ 11% showed high heterogeneity within the biomarkers profiled. If 3 biopsies were collected from a single @entity0 , the false negative risk for detection of the biomarkers was close to 5% (exception for @entity4 : 12.2%). When 6 biopsies were collected, the false negative risk approached 0%. Our study demonstrates the benefit of multiple biopsy sampling when considering personalized healthcare biomarker strategy, and provides an example to address the challenge of intra-tumoral biomarker heterogeneity using alternative pathological assessment and statistical methods.

title: Intra-Tumoral Heterogeneity of XXXX , @entity4 , cMET and @entity5 in @entity2 : Optimizing Personalized Healthcare through Innovative Pathological and Statistical Analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current drug development efforts on @entity2 are directed against several molecular targets driving the growth of this @entity1 . Intra-tumoral biomarker heterogeneity however, commonly observed in @entity2 , could lead to biased selection of @entity0 . MET, @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity3 were profiled on @entity2 biopsy samples. An innovative pathological assessment was performed through scoring of individual biopsies against whole biopsies from a single @entity0 to enable heterogeneity evaluation. Following this, false negative risks for each biomarker were estimated in silico. 166 @entity2 cases with multiple biopsies from single @entity0 were collected from Shanghai Renji Hospital. Following pre-set criteria, 56 ~ 78% cases showed low, 15 ~ 35% showed medium and 0 ~ 11% showed high heterogeneity within the biomarkers profiled. If 3 biopsies were collected from a single @entity0 , the false negative risk for detection of the biomarkers was close to 5% (exception for @entity4 : 12.2%). When 6 biopsies were collected, the false negative risk approached 0%. Our study demonstrates the benefit of multiple biopsy sampling when considering personalized healthcare biomarker strategy, and provides an example to address the challenge of intra-tumoral biomarker heterogeneity using alternative pathological assessment and statistical methods.

title: Intra-Tumoral Heterogeneity of @entity3 , @entity4 , cMET and @entity5 in XXXX : Optimizing Personalized Healthcare through Innovative Pathological and Statistical Analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current drug development efforts on @entity2 are directed against several molecular targets driving the growth of this @entity1 . Intra-tumoral biomarker heterogeneity however, commonly observed in @entity2 , could lead to biased selection of @entity0 . MET, @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity3 were profiled on @entity2 biopsy samples. An innovative pathological assessment was performed through scoring of individual biopsies against whole biopsies from a single @entity0 to enable heterogeneity evaluation. Following this, false negative risks for each biomarker were estimated in silico. 166 @entity2 cases with multiple biopsies from single @entity0 were collected from Shanghai Renji Hospital. Following pre-set criteria, 56 ~ 78% cases showed low, 15 ~ 35% showed medium and 0 ~ 11% showed high heterogeneity within the biomarkers profiled. If 3 biopsies were collected from a single @entity0 , the false negative risk for detection of the biomarkers was close to 5% (exception for @entity4 : 12.2%). When 6 biopsies were collected, the false negative risk approached 0%. Our study demonstrates the benefit of multiple biopsy sampling when considering personalized healthcare biomarker strategy, and provides an example to address the challenge of intra-tumoral biomarker heterogeneity using alternative pathological assessment and statistical methods.

title: Intra-Tumoral Heterogeneity of @entity3 , @entity4 , cMET and XXXX in @entity2 : Optimizing Personalized Healthcare through Innovative Pathological and Statistical Analysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current drug development efforts on @entity2 are directed against several molecular targets driving the growth of this @entity1 . Intra-tumoral biomarker heterogeneity however, commonly observed in @entity2 , could lead to biased selection of @entity0 . MET, @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity3 were profiled on @entity2 biopsy samples. An innovative pathological assessment was performed through scoring of individual biopsies against whole biopsies from a single @entity0 to enable heterogeneity evaluation. Following this, false negative risks for each biomarker were estimated in silico. 166 @entity2 cases with multiple biopsies from single @entity0 were collected from Shanghai Renji Hospital. Following pre-set criteria, 56 ~ 78% cases showed low, 15 ~ 35% showed medium and 0 ~ 11% showed high heterogeneity within the biomarkers profiled. If 3 biopsies were collected from a single @entity0 , the false negative risk for detection of the biomarkers was close to 5% (exception for @entity4 : 12.2%). When 6 biopsies were collected, the false negative risk approached 0%. Our study demonstrates the benefit of multiple biopsy sampling when considering personalized healthcare biomarker strategy, and provides an example to address the challenge of intra-tumoral biomarker heterogeneity using alternative pathological assessment and statistical methods.

title: Intra-Tumoral Heterogeneity of @entity3 , XXXX , cMET and @entity5 in @entity2 : Optimizing Personalized Healthcare through Innovative Pathological and Statistical Analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 37-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital complaining of severe @entity3 . His abdomen was distended, and there was diffuse tenderness and guarding in all four quadrants. Laboratory examinations revealed @entity4 without @entity7 . Abdominal radiograph revealed air-fluid levels in the small intestine. Computed tomography confirmed a dilatation of the small intestine and the presence of @entity5 . An emergency laparotomy was performed for a diagnosis of @entity1 due to @entity6 . A large amount of yellow transudate was present in the abdominal cavity. An area of induration in the ileum was identified about 40 cm from the ileocecal valve. The ileum proximal to the induration was dilated, and the site of obstruction seemed to be the indurated segment. A partial iliectomy was performed. Histologically, dense infiltration of eosinophils was found transmurally, and @entity7 was diagnosed. One year later, the @entity0 was free of @entity2 . The relevant literature on @entity8 is discussed.

title: @entity7 presenting as XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity6


abstract: A 37-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital complaining of severe @entity3 . His abdomen was distended, and there was diffuse tenderness and guarding in all four quadrants. Laboratory examinations revealed @entity4 without @entity7 . Abdominal radiograph revealed air-fluid levels in the small intestine. Computed tomography confirmed a dilatation of the small intestine and the presence of @entity5 . An emergency laparotomy was performed for a diagnosis of @entity1 due to @entity6 . A large amount of yellow transudate was present in the abdominal cavity. An area of induration in the ileum was identified about 40 cm from the ileocecal valve. The ileum proximal to the induration was dilated, and the site of obstruction seemed to be the indurated segment. A partial iliectomy was performed. Histologically, dense infiltration of eosinophils was found transmurally, and @entity7 was diagnosed. One year later, the @entity0 was free of @entity2 . The relevant literature on @entity8 is discussed.

title: XXXX presenting as @entity6 : a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Rate of intramammary infection by coliform bacteria and species of streptococci other than @entity4 (environmental pathogens) was studied in a dairy herd in total confinement. Rate was higher during the dry period than during lactation and increased progressively as parity increased. Rate was maximal during summer and coincided with maximum exposure to coliforms in bedding. @entity2 were longer than coliform. Approximately 59% of @entity2 and 69% of @entity0 were present for 30 lactation days or less. Percent quarters infected by day of year varied between .7 and 3.0% for coliform bacteria and between 1.6 and 4.7% for streptococci. Approximately 81% of @entity0 and 53% of @entity2 during lactation were clinical. Clinical cases were highest during the first 76 days of lactation and during summer. Only 6.7% of @entity0 resulted in acute @entity3 , and all acute cases were during summer or early lactation. Dry @entity1 therapy reduced rate of @entity2 during the early dry period but was without effect during the prepartum period. There was no effect of dry @entity1 therapy on coliform infection rate during the dry period. Problems associated with prevalence and control of environmental @entity3 were discussed.

title: Environmental XXXX : cause, prevalence, prevention.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The objective of this article is to determine the effect of three different putting grips (conventional, cross-hand, and one-handed) on variations in eye and @entity2 during the putting @entity0 . Seven volunteer novice players, ranging in age from 21 to 22 years, participated in the study. During each experimental session, the subject stood on a specially designed platform covered with artificial turf and putted golf balls towards a standard golf hole. The three different types of grips were tested at two distances: 3 and 9 ft. For each condition, 20 putts were attempted. For each putt, data were recorded over a 3-s interval at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. Eye movements were recorded using a helmet-mounted eye movement monitor. @entity1 about an imaginary axis through the top of the head and its center-of-rotation was measured by means of a potentiometer mounted on a fixed frame and coupled to the helmet. Putter-head motion was measured using a linear array of infrared phototransistors embedded in the platform. The @entity5 ( @entity5 , relative to the initial level) was calculated for eye and @entity2 over the duration of the putt (i.e., from the beginning of the backstroke, through the forward @entity0 , to impact). The averaged @entity5 for the attempted putts was calculated for each subject. Then, the averaged @entity4 and other data for the seven subjects were statistically compared across the three grip conditions. The @entity3 were greater (p < 0.1) for conventional than cross-hand (9 ft) and one-handed (3 and 9 ft) grips. Also, the @entity5 of @entity2 were greater (p < 0.1; 3 ft) for conventional than cross-hand and one-handed grips. Vestibulo-ocular responses associated with @entity1 could be observed in many 9 ft and some 3 ft putts. The duration of the putt was significantly longer (p < 0.05; 3 and 9 ft) for the one-handed than conventional and cross-hand grips. Finally, performance, or percentage putts made, was significantly better (p < 0.05; 9 ft) for cross-hand than conventional grip. The smaller variations, both in eye movements during longer putts and @entity2 during shorter putts, using cross-hand and one-handed grips may explain why some golfers, based on their playing experience, prefer these over the conventional grip. Also, the longer duration for the one-handed grip, which improves tempo, may explain why some senior players prefer the long-shaft (effectively one-handed grip) putter.

title: Effect of putting grip on eye and @entity2 during the golf putting XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The objective of this article is to determine the effect of three different putting grips (conventional, cross-hand, and one-handed) on variations in eye and @entity2 during the putting @entity0 . Seven volunteer novice players, ranging in age from 21 to 22 years, participated in the study. During each experimental session, the subject stood on a specially designed platform covered with artificial turf and putted golf balls towards a standard golf hole. The three different types of grips were tested at two distances: 3 and 9 ft. For each condition, 20 putts were attempted. For each putt, data were recorded over a 3-s interval at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. Eye movements were recorded using a helmet-mounted eye movement monitor. @entity1 about an imaginary axis through the top of the head and its center-of-rotation was measured by means of a potentiometer mounted on a fixed frame and coupled to the helmet. Putter-head motion was measured using a linear array of infrared phototransistors embedded in the platform. The @entity5 ( @entity5 , relative to the initial level) was calculated for eye and @entity2 over the duration of the putt (i.e., from the beginning of the backstroke, through the forward @entity0 , to impact). The averaged @entity5 for the attempted putts was calculated for each subject. Then, the averaged @entity4 and other data for the seven subjects were statistically compared across the three grip conditions. The @entity3 were greater (p < 0.1) for conventional than cross-hand (9 ft) and one-handed (3 and 9 ft) grips. Also, the @entity5 of @entity2 were greater (p < 0.1; 3 ft) for conventional than cross-hand and one-handed grips. Vestibulo-ocular responses associated with @entity1 could be observed in many 9 ft and some 3 ft putts. The duration of the putt was significantly longer (p < 0.05; 3 and 9 ft) for the one-handed than conventional and cross-hand grips. Finally, performance, or percentage putts made, was significantly better (p < 0.05; 9 ft) for cross-hand than conventional grip. The smaller variations, both in eye movements during longer putts and @entity2 during shorter putts, using cross-hand and one-handed grips may explain why some golfers, based on their playing experience, prefer these over the conventional grip. Also, the longer duration for the one-handed grip, which improves tempo, may explain why some senior players prefer the long-shaft (effectively one-handed grip) putter.

title: Effect of putting grip on eye and XXXX during the golf putting @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Muscle protein wasting frequently complicates @entity0 outcome in several chronic pathologies. The underlying mechanisms remain largely obscure, although studies on experimental models have clarified that a complex interplay of different factors such as nutrient supply, classical hormones, cytokines and other less well defined factors likely concur in causing muscle depletion. The aim of the present review is to highlight some crucial points in the interpretation of the data available about the contribution of the different proteolytic systems, with particular reference to the ubiquitin-proteasome system, in the onset of muscle protein wasting in disease states. RECENT FINDINGS: Much effort has been directed to understanding the role of different signals, transduction pathways, and proteolytic mechanisms in the acceleration of muscle protein catabolism. Several reports propose that @entity2 -ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis plays a critical role in the enhancement of muscle protein catabolism observed in different pathological states. Other papers, however, suggest that the lysosomal or the @entity1 -dependent proteolytic pathways or both may be involved. Finally, the studies have been extended to evaluate the possibility of interfering pharmacologically with the onset of muscle protein @entity4 . SUMMARY: As the present overview points out, several questions still remain unanswered in the issue of @entity3 . While many different signals that have the potential to enforce the acceleration of muscle protein breakdown have been identified, it is largely unknown how they are transduced and converge into the hypercatabolic response and how the proteolytic pathways involved are activated. The concept seems to emerge that there may be a coordinated action of different proteolytic pathways in setting up muscle protein turnover towards excess catabolism.

title: Mechanisms of skeletal muscle depletion in wasting syndromes: role of XXXX -ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Ligation of TCR and @entity8 expressed on T cells via mAbs results in activation of T cells capable of @entity0 destruction in adoptive immunotherapy. In a @entity1 model, the authors examined in vitro activation conditions utilizing plate-immobilized and bead-conjugated mAbs that bind to @entity7 and @entity8 . Bead-activated @entity0 -draining lymph node (TDLN) cells demonstrated superior cytokine ( @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity3 ) secretion and mediated @entity0 regression more efficiently compared with plate-activated cells. The bead-activated TDLN cells had a significantly higher percentage of @entity4 + cells compared with plate-activated cells. On a per-cell basis, positively selected @entity4 + cells activated with bead-coupled or plate immobilized mAbs mediated @entity0 -specific regression equally. Bead-activated @entity4 + TDLN cells demonstrated significantly higher levels of @entity0 specific @entity5 secretion compared with plate-activated @entity4 + cells that may provide helper function to CD8+ effector cells. The antitumor reactivity of bead-activated lymphoid cells depended upon their source. TDLN cells after bead activation were more potent than splenocytes from @entity0 -bearing hosts in mediating @entity0 regression in vivo. Bead-activated LN cells and splenocytes from nontumor-bearing hosts demonstrated nonspecific cytokine secretion and minimal efficacy in adoptive immunotherapy. At minimal doses of @entity5 , the antitumor reactivity of bead-activated TDLN cells was significantly enhanced. Anti- @entity7 /anti- @entity8 bead activation of @entity0 -primed T cells represents an efficient method to generate effector cells for immunotherapy.

title: Antitumor reactivity of anti- @entity7 /anti- XXXX bead-activated lymphoid cells: implications for cell therapy in a @entity1 model.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Ligation of TCR and @entity8 expressed on T cells via mAbs results in activation of T cells capable of @entity0 destruction in adoptive immunotherapy. In a @entity1 model, the authors examined in vitro activation conditions utilizing plate-immobilized and bead-conjugated mAbs that bind to @entity7 and @entity8 . Bead-activated @entity0 -draining lymph node (TDLN) cells demonstrated superior cytokine ( @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity3 ) secretion and mediated @entity0 regression more efficiently compared with plate-activated cells. The bead-activated TDLN cells had a significantly higher percentage of @entity4 + cells compared with plate-activated cells. On a per-cell basis, positively selected @entity4 + cells activated with bead-coupled or plate immobilized mAbs mediated @entity0 -specific regression equally. Bead-activated @entity4 + TDLN cells demonstrated significantly higher levels of @entity0 specific @entity5 secretion compared with plate-activated @entity4 + cells that may provide helper function to CD8+ effector cells. The antitumor reactivity of bead-activated lymphoid cells depended upon their source. TDLN cells after bead activation were more potent than splenocytes from @entity0 -bearing hosts in mediating @entity0 regression in vivo. Bead-activated LN cells and splenocytes from nontumor-bearing hosts demonstrated nonspecific cytokine secretion and minimal efficacy in adoptive immunotherapy. At minimal doses of @entity5 , the antitumor reactivity of bead-activated TDLN cells was significantly enhanced. Anti- @entity7 /anti- @entity8 bead activation of @entity0 -primed T cells represents an efficient method to generate effector cells for immunotherapy.

title: Antitumor reactivity of anti- XXXX /anti- @entity8 bead-activated lymphoid cells: implications for cell therapy in a @entity1 model.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Ligation of TCR and @entity8 expressed on T cells via mAbs results in activation of T cells capable of @entity0 destruction in adoptive immunotherapy. In a @entity1 model, the authors examined in vitro activation conditions utilizing plate-immobilized and bead-conjugated mAbs that bind to @entity7 and @entity8 . Bead-activated @entity0 -draining lymph node (TDLN) cells demonstrated superior cytokine ( @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity3 ) secretion and mediated @entity0 regression more efficiently compared with plate-activated cells. The bead-activated TDLN cells had a significantly higher percentage of @entity4 + cells compared with plate-activated cells. On a per-cell basis, positively selected @entity4 + cells activated with bead-coupled or plate immobilized mAbs mediated @entity0 -specific regression equally. Bead-activated @entity4 + TDLN cells demonstrated significantly higher levels of @entity0 specific @entity5 secretion compared with plate-activated @entity4 + cells that may provide helper function to CD8+ effector cells. The antitumor reactivity of bead-activated lymphoid cells depended upon their source. TDLN cells after bead activation were more potent than splenocytes from @entity0 -bearing hosts in mediating @entity0 regression in vivo. Bead-activated LN cells and splenocytes from nontumor-bearing hosts demonstrated nonspecific cytokine secretion and minimal efficacy in adoptive immunotherapy. At minimal doses of @entity5 , the antitumor reactivity of bead-activated TDLN cells was significantly enhanced. Anti- @entity7 /anti- @entity8 bead activation of @entity0 -primed T cells represents an efficient method to generate effector cells for immunotherapy.

title: Antitumor reactivity of anti- @entity7 /anti- @entity8 bead-activated lymphoid cells: implications for cell therapy in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Post-liver transplant @entity0 present a vast array of metabolic changes in the early and late phase which impact on their morbidity and mortality. The development of @entity2 and @entity1 in these @entity0 has been widely described in the literature with several hypotheses suggested: liver donor, nutritional and metabolic state, and immunosuppressive drugs. RECENT FINDINGS: Most that is known about the development of these metabolic derangements has been attributed to the drugs used, especially the corticosteroids. When these have been used in higher doses for longer periods to treat rejection, the incidence of @entity1 and @entity2 seems to be higher. However @entity4 and to a lesser extent @entity5 are also related to these alterations. SUMMARY: As long-term survival improves in liver transplant @entity0 , @entity3 associated with @entity6 , @entity2 , and @entity1 are emerging as risk factors for late morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is important to assess the potential risk factors related to these complications, in order to prevent or decrease their incidence. From what has been seen, immunossupressive drugs seem to be the greatest risk factor for the development of metabolic derangements in post-transplantation @entity0 . However other risk factors might also be involved, such as non-healthy eating habits and lack of exercise. The latter can be preventable if counseling policies are targeted at these @entity0 in the pre-transplantation phase and continued after the operation.

title: Post-liver transplant obesity and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 with @entity4 receive devalued labels. Despite considerable theorizing, the proposition that these labels affect the course of @entity3 has rarely been subjected to investigation. The lack of an adequate operational measure for the labeling construct has hampered research. The present report describes the development of the Social Response Questionnaire (SRQ), a measure of the 'sick' label which incorporates moralistic attitudes, fear of dangerousness and negative expectations attached to the role of the severely psychiatrically ill. This 32-item scale, a multidimensional measure of informal labeling, which may be administered in a self-report format or to significant others, permits the study of dose-response relationships. The SRQ is internally stable. It also exhibits construct validity. Schizophrenics and @entity0 with affective @entity3 label themselves and are labeled by others more harshly than @entity0 with @entity1 or normals. While self-percepts and the perceptions of significant others are fairly congruent for normals and @entity0 with a significant @entity2 , there is no agreement between the self-ratings of psychotics and their significant others. @entity3 @entity0 view themselves more negatively than @entity1 sufferers or normals, but not as negatively as their therapists, families and friends. Potential uses for the SRQ in longitudinal research are addressed.

title: A measure of the 'sick' label in psychiatric disorder and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To assess the impact of a @entity1 unit (SU) on acute phase treatment when compared to a conventional general ward treatment (GW). METHOD: Seventy-four @entity0 with @entity1 were randomized between a SU and conventional general ward (GW). We compared both groups regarding the length of hospital stay, lethality and functional and clinical status within 6 months, using the Scandinavian scale and Barthel index. RESULTS: Thirty-five and thirty-nine @entity0 were allocated at SU and GW, respectively. Lethality on the 10th day at SU and GW achieved 8.5% and 12.8% respectively (p= 0.41), whereas 30-days mortality rates achieved 14.2% and 28.2% (p= 0.24), 17.4% and 28.7% on the 3rd month (p= 0.39), and 25.7% and 30.7% on the 6th month (p= 0.41). Thirty-day survival curve achieved 1.8 log rank (p= 0.17), with a trend for lower lethality in the SU. In order to save one @entity2 in 6 months in SU, NNT (the number need to treat) was 20; to get one more home independent @entity0 NNT was 15. No significant difference was found between the length of hospital stay and morbidity. CONCLUSION: No significant benefit was found in SU @entity0 compared to GW group. However,an evident benefit in absolute numbers was observed in lethality, survival curve and NNT in thirty days period after @entity1 . Further collaborative studies or incresead number of @entity0 are required to define the role of SU.

title: Study comparing the XXXX unit outcome and conventional ward treatment: a randomized study in Joinville, Brazil.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Between 1993 and 1999, 44 @entity0 submitted to resection of an expansible intradural extramedullary lesion who filled protocol requirements of appropriate follow up were studied. @entity0 were constituted by 43.2% female and 56.8% male. The mean age was 32.9 years old. Lesion most common location was at the thoracic spine, with 45.5% of the cases, followed by the lumbar level with 18.2%. @entity2 extension varied from 1 to 7 vertebral segments, with an average of 2.5 levels. @entity4 , with 65,9% of the cases, was the most frequent lesion, followed by @entity5 with 20.5%. There were 2 cases of @entity7 and 1 case of @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity1 and @entity2 . The evolution was of improvement in 56.8%, stability in 31.8% and of worsening in 11.4%. There was no mortality related to the surgical procedure. All cases of worsening had total resection and they had lesions located in the thoracic segment. Total resection is the ideal modality of surgical treatment. However, at the thoracic level, where the peculiarities of spine irrigation prevail, surgical morbidade may be higher (p=0.014).

title: [Prognostic factors in the treatment of the intradural extramedullary XXXX : a study of 44 cases].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Both penetrating and blunt @entity2 require urgent management. @entity3 have been reported to occur in 4 to 56% of survivors and frequently required secondary surgical corrections. Between January 1980 and June 1984, 204 @entity0 presented with @entity7 . One hundred twenty-eight of these @entity0 survived. Of the 90 undergoing cardiorrhaphy in the operating room, 78 survived. Two-dimensional (2-D) and pulsed-Doppler echocardiography (echo) and/or cardiac catheterization were performed in 40 @entity0 for suspected significant @entity1 . Eight of the 40 required secondary cardiac operations. Two-dimensional echo demonstrated pericardial effusion, abnormal chamber enlargement, abnormal cardiac wall motion, intracardiac missile, and @entity4 . Pulsed-Doppler findings included @entity6 , @entity5 and right ventricular turbulence secondary to arteriovenous fistulae. Cardiac catheterization detected lesions undetected by 2-D echo in one @entity0 with a gunshot wound. It is concluded that in the absence of cardiac bullets seen on routine chest X-ray, 2-D with pulsed-Doppler echo is an excellent screening technique. With a positive echo study or a residual bullet overlying the cardiac silhouette, cardiac catheterization is indicated in selected @entity0 .

title: Cardiac evaluation following XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Issues of compliance specific to @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are reviewed along with general issues of compliance as they pertain to @entity1 and adolescents. Treatment of @entity1 is unlike that of other common illnesses for which compliance poses a problem: they are some of the most common treatable diseases and are socially stigmatizing; their treatment often is at public expense or in public facilities; physicians are undereducated about them in proportion to their ubiquity and complexity; laboratory confirmation of eradication of infection usually is desirable; @entity0 other than the primary @entity0 need examination and treatment; and these infections often are detected in asymptomatic @entity0 . Each of these problem areas testifies to the need for strategies to increase compliance with diagnosis and treatment. Practitioners need to make the effort to find these infections in asymptomatic @entity0 who are likely to be infected. Screening for @entity1 often is a wise course of action with sexually experienced adolescents. Less invasive methods of testing often are appropriate. 2 strategies have been shown to enhance the return of @entity0 for tests of cure. Kroger found that the presence of college undergraduates who were studying health education by observing and critiquing nurses in a venereology clinic approximately doubled the rate of return of male @entity0 and tripled the rate of female @entity0 returning for tests of cure of @entity2 . Ogunbanjo et al. found that additional counseling of Nigerian @entity0 resulted in more return visits for @entity0 but not for their partners. Certain strategies that generally are applicable to enhancing compliance have special implications for the treatment of @entity1 . Simplification of treatment is one of these strategies. Diseases treatable with a single dose of medicine include @entity2 , trichomoniasis, and @entity3 . An obviously preferable course is the prevention of @entity1 . The enhancement of adolescent compliance with treatment involves considerations unique to this age group. The provision of treatment without parental knowledge or consent may improve compliance. Adolescents have a mentality different from that of adults, and their concrete style of thinking, which may not be apparent to the practitioner, warrants consideration when explaining sequelae of @entity1 to the adolescent @entity0 .

title: Compliance with treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The nature of platelet- bindable immunoglobulins (PB-Ig) in serum has been investigated. PB-IgG, -A and -M were measured by an ELISA using platelets coated on microtitre plates. This assay detected alloantibodies at high serum dilutions. In 32 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) raised levels of at least one PB-Ig class were found in 18. To distinguish binding due to immune complexes, the molecular weight of PB-IgG was studied by gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. In sera from @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity1 , PB-IgG with Mr of primarily 150 Kd was observed, compatible with monomeric IgG antiplatelet antibodies. Levels of PB-IgG in serum were not related to total serum IgG. In sera from the @entity0 with @entity1 and some with @entity2 (most of whom had several of the features of @entity1 ), PB-IgG with Mr of 200 Kd - greater than 1000 Kd was seen. In heat-aggregated preparations of normal IgG, PB-IgG with Mr up to 1000 Kd was also found. Rabbit IgG was able to block PB-IgG in fractions of high molecular weight in purified normal IgG, heat-aggregated normal IgG and in patient serum, but had no effect on the 150 Kd peak. In whole serum from @entity0 who had high molecular weight PB-IgG, the inhibitory effects of rabbit IgG were much less than in isolated high molecular weight column fractions. Thus although the majority of PB-IgG is monomeric antiplatelet antibody, some PB-IgG with higher molecular weight, characteristic of immune complexes, occurs in sera of some @entity0 with @entity2 and it makes a small contribution to PB-IgG levels measured in whole serum.

title: Analysis of immunoglobulins that bind to platelets from serum of XXXX with immune thrombocytopenia: molecular weight distribution.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is the most serious complication associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This study reports on long-term outcomes and clinical factors which predicted the outcome of 25 @entity0 with LC-associated @entity3 . METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive @entity0 receiving either primary (n = 11) or redo (n = 14) biliary reconstructive surgery at Cathay General Hospital for LC-associated @entity3 were prospectively followed for 2 to 10 (mean, 4.5) years to assess their long-term outcomes. Twelve clinical factors relevant to their outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: There was no mortality. Although the 1-year postoperative results were successful in 23 @entity0 (92%), the mid- to long-term outcomes were successful in only 17 @entity0 (68%). Eight @entity0 (32%) developed @entity2 at an average of 3.3 years postoperatively and required subsequent reoperation or biliary stenting. Statistical comparison of 12 risk factors between the successful and unsuccessful groups revealed that two were significant, namely, repair performed by a nonreferral surgeon (p = 0.02) and repair at a stage with recent active @entity1 (p = 0.04). A serum alkaline phosphatase level greater than 400 IU in the sixth postoperative month was highly correlated with long-term nonsuccess (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Only 68% of @entity0 with LC-associated @entity3 who underwent reconstructive surgery at our institution had long-term success. A serum alkaline phosphatase level above 400 IU in the sixth postoperative month was predictive of nonsuccess. For better long-term results, repair should be performed by the referral surgeon at a stage without coexisting active @entity1 .

title: Long-term results of major XXXX associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity4 ) are among the most common known causes of @entity2 and the leading cause of @entity1 in @entity0 . They primarily arise by the process of meiotic non-disjunction. We still know very little about the contribution of genetic and environmental causes for non-disjunction in @entity0 . In order to increase our understanding of the epidemiology of @entity0 trisomies, it is necessary to establish the proportion of cases occurring in the first or second division of meiosis. Trisomic @entity0 will display, in study of microsatellite typed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), three fragment peaks of equal intensity, two fragments at an average 2:1 dosage or one individual fragment. In this work we describe a statistical approach for estimation of the fraction of meiosis I non-disjunctions (F) in the absence of the parental information. First we determine a probability model for the number of peaks in a polymorphic microsatellite locus, which is a function of F. Based on this model, we obtain a maximum likelihood estimator for F, using the observed proportion of one, two and three allele patterns in trisomic individuals. Relying on the properties of maximum likelihood theory, we also calculate the asymptotic variance and confidence intervals for F. Owing to the fact that the samples of trisomic @entity0 are limited in number, the use of asymptotic theory may be compromised. Thus, we employ the bootstrap technique to build confidence intervals for F and compare the results with those obtained from the normal theory. This estimator that dispenses the need to study parents opens the possibility of using archival material for comparative epidemiological studies of @entity3 and other @entity4 . In this paper we propose a probability model to estimate the fraction of meiosis I non-disjunction, F, by only using the proportion of allele patterns of trisomy individuals, while traditional methods require typing pericentromeric markers from those affected and their parents.

title: A probability model for the meiosis I non-disjunction fraction in numerical XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity13 / @entity13 (PTK/ZK) is an oral potent and selective inhibitor of the @entity2 ( @entity2 )-mediated @entity12 and @entity7 receptor @entity10 kinases. PTK/ZK has been shown to reduce growth and microvasculature in subcutaneously implanted @entity0 @entity1 xenografts in @entity4 . A clinical difficulty in evaluating angiogenesis inhibitors has been the usefulness of conventional study endpoints. Therefore, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been studied as a pharmacodynamic marker of efficacy of PTK/ZK. Phase I studies are under way evaluating the optimum dose and schedule of oral PTK/ZK administered continuously to @entity0 with advanced @entity1 of types known to overexpress @entity2 . To date, particularly in @entity0 with liver metastases from @entity3 treated with PTK/ZK, DCE-MRI has been a useful predictor of the biological response of @entity2 -receptor inhibition. @entity6 have been manageable and have included lightheadedness, @entity11 , @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity5 . Stabilization of disease for >/= 6 months has been seen in heavily pretreated @entity0 receiving PTK/ZK at higher doses. Preliminary data suggest that PTK/ZK can be administered safely on a continuous daily dosing schedule, efficacy data look promising, and DCE-MRI correlates with biological response. DCE-MRI will be used to guide dose optimization of PTK/ZK and perhaps of other angiogenesis inhibitors in future studies.

title: @entity2 receptor XXXX kinase inhibitors: @entity13 / @entity13 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity13 / @entity13 (PTK/ZK) is an oral potent and selective inhibitor of the @entity2 ( @entity2 )-mediated @entity12 and @entity7 receptor @entity10 kinases. PTK/ZK has been shown to reduce growth and microvasculature in subcutaneously implanted @entity0 @entity1 xenografts in @entity4 . A clinical difficulty in evaluating angiogenesis inhibitors has been the usefulness of conventional study endpoints. Therefore, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been studied as a pharmacodynamic marker of efficacy of PTK/ZK. Phase I studies are under way evaluating the optimum dose and schedule of oral PTK/ZK administered continuously to @entity0 with advanced @entity1 of types known to overexpress @entity2 . To date, particularly in @entity0 with liver metastases from @entity3 treated with PTK/ZK, DCE-MRI has been a useful predictor of the biological response of @entity2 -receptor inhibition. @entity6 have been manageable and have included lightheadedness, @entity11 , @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity5 . Stabilization of disease for >/= 6 months has been seen in heavily pretreated @entity0 receiving PTK/ZK at higher doses. Preliminary data suggest that PTK/ZK can be administered safely on a continuous daily dosing schedule, efficacy data look promising, and DCE-MRI correlates with biological response. DCE-MRI will be used to guide dose optimization of PTK/ZK and perhaps of other angiogenesis inhibitors in future studies.

title: XXXX receptor @entity10 kinase inhibitors: @entity13 / @entity13 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity13 / @entity13 (PTK/ZK) is an oral potent and selective inhibitor of the @entity2 ( @entity2 )-mediated @entity12 and @entity7 receptor @entity10 kinases. PTK/ZK has been shown to reduce growth and microvasculature in subcutaneously implanted @entity0 @entity1 xenografts in @entity4 . A clinical difficulty in evaluating angiogenesis inhibitors has been the usefulness of conventional study endpoints. Therefore, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been studied as a pharmacodynamic marker of efficacy of PTK/ZK. Phase I studies are under way evaluating the optimum dose and schedule of oral PTK/ZK administered continuously to @entity0 with advanced @entity1 of types known to overexpress @entity2 . To date, particularly in @entity0 with liver metastases from @entity3 treated with PTK/ZK, DCE-MRI has been a useful predictor of the biological response of @entity2 -receptor inhibition. @entity6 have been manageable and have included lightheadedness, @entity11 , @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity5 . Stabilization of disease for >/= 6 months has been seen in heavily pretreated @entity0 receiving PTK/ZK at higher doses. Preliminary data suggest that PTK/ZK can be administered safely on a continuous daily dosing schedule, efficacy data look promising, and DCE-MRI correlates with biological response. DCE-MRI will be used to guide dose optimization of PTK/ZK and perhaps of other angiogenesis inhibitors in future studies.

title: @entity2 receptor @entity10 kinase inhibitors: XXXX / @entity13 .

answer: @entity13


abstract: @entity13 / @entity13 (PTK/ZK) is an oral potent and selective inhibitor of the @entity2 ( @entity2 )-mediated @entity12 and @entity7 receptor @entity10 kinases. PTK/ZK has been shown to reduce growth and microvasculature in subcutaneously implanted @entity0 @entity1 xenografts in @entity4 . A clinical difficulty in evaluating angiogenesis inhibitors has been the usefulness of conventional study endpoints. Therefore, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been studied as a pharmacodynamic marker of efficacy of PTK/ZK. Phase I studies are under way evaluating the optimum dose and schedule of oral PTK/ZK administered continuously to @entity0 with advanced @entity1 of types known to overexpress @entity2 . To date, particularly in @entity0 with liver metastases from @entity3 treated with PTK/ZK, DCE-MRI has been a useful predictor of the biological response of @entity2 -receptor inhibition. @entity6 have been manageable and have included lightheadedness, @entity11 , @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity5 . Stabilization of disease for >/= 6 months has been seen in heavily pretreated @entity0 receiving PTK/ZK at higher doses. Preliminary data suggest that PTK/ZK can be administered safely on a continuous daily dosing schedule, efficacy data look promising, and DCE-MRI correlates with biological response. DCE-MRI will be used to guide dose optimization of PTK/ZK and perhaps of other angiogenesis inhibitors in future studies.

title: @entity2 receptor @entity10 kinase inhibitors: @entity13 / XXXX .

answer: @entity13


abstract: BACKGROUND: Regional variations in kidney and liver transplant outcomes have been reported, but their causes remain largely unknown. This study investigated variations in kidney and liver cold @entity0 times (CITs) across Organ Procurement Organizations (OPO) as potential causes of variations in transplant outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed the Standard Transplant Analysis and Research (STAR) data of deceased donor kidney (n=61,335) and liver (n=39,285) transplants performed between 2003 and 2011. @entity1 variations between the two types of organs were examined and compared. Factors associated with @entity1 were explored using multivariable regressions. Spearman's rank tests were used to associate @entity1 with graft failure at the OPO level. RESULTS: Significant @entity1 variations were found across OPOs for both organs (p < 0.05). The variation was particularly large for kidney @entity1 . Those OPOs with longer average kidney @entity1 were likely to have a lower graft survival rate (p=0.01). For liver, this association was insignificant (p=0.23). The regression analysis revealed sharp contrasts between the factors associated with kidney and liver CITs. High risk kidney transplant recipients and marginal kidneys were associated with longer average @entity1 . The reverse was true for liver transplants. CONCLUSIONS: Large variations in kidney @entity1 compared to liver @entity1 may indicate that there is a room to reduce kidney @entity1 . Reducing kidney @entity1 through managerial improvements could be a cost effective way to improve the current transplant system.

title: Geographic Variation in XXXX Time: Kidney vs. Liver Transplantation in the United States, 2003-2011.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Stroma-free hemoglobin (Hb) solutions were prepared on a 20-I scale. In 3-I batches, the beta chains of hemoglobin were crosslinked with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) that was synthesized on a gram scale. The coupling efficiency was 60 to 80 percent. The @entity0 dissociation curve of these Hb/HbNFPLP mixtures was shifted to the right with P50 ( @entity2 for 50% saturation with @entity0 ) values of 26 to 38 torr versus values of 12 to 16 torr for the nonmodified hemoglobin solutions. Both the H+ Bohr factor and the Hill coefficient were lower for the Hb/HbNFPLP mixture than for the original hemoglobin solution. The @entity0 -binding coefficient beta was the same for both types of Hb solutions. The viscosity and the colloid osmotic pressure of both solutions were also the same. During storage at 4 degrees C for 18 months, no precipitation or denaturation of hemoglobin was detectable in either solution. There was also no conversion of the modified hemoglobin molecules, HbNFPLP, to the native hemoglobin tetramers, dimers, or monomers. The percentage of @entity1 remained at 5 percent for about 6 months; it increased to 26 percent over the next 12 months. The results indicate that intramolecular coupling of hemoglobin with NFPLP yields a stable product with physiologic @entity0 -carrying properties.

title: Preparation and physical characteristics of a hemoglobin solution modified by coupling to XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Recently, it has been shown that @entity2 can be effectively prevented by use of hip protectors. To determine who would gain most benefit from use of hip protectors, we conducted a study with the aim to clarify factors that contribute to the occurrence of @entity3 in individuals who fall on their hip. @entity2 @entity0 were compared with individuals who had fallen on their hip without sustaining a @entity3 . The study group consisted of 123 consecutive @entity2 @entity0 aged 70 years or over (mean age 82 years, female 82 years and male 80 years). The control group comprised 132 individuals (mean age 81 years, female 81 years and male 80 years) obtained from a prospective study on falls, who had experienced a fall that caused a visible soft tissue injury ( @entity6 or wound) at the hip or gluteal region without sustaining a @entity3 . @entity0 were questioned about associated diseases, medications, place of residence, walking ability, need for locomotor aids and some activities in daily living (ADL). @entity0 who sustained a @entity2 were more likely to be @entity0 , living in long-term institutional care, using neuroleptics, dependent in ADL and had more history of previous @entity1 with @entity5 , more @entity4 and lower body mass indexes (BMI) than those who did not sustain a @entity3 on fall on the hip. According to a logistical regression model, institutional residence, low BMI and history of @entity1 with hemiplegic status differed between @entity3 cases and controls. Institutional residence, low BMI and history of @entity1 discriminate @entity2 @entity0 from fallers who sustain a soft tissue injury on the hip region. In clinical practice, @entity0 who have these characteristics would be potential candidates to use hip protectors and other preventive measures.

title: Factors related to occurrence of XXXX during a fall on the hip.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The fast-dissolving grass @entity2 immunotherapy tablet (grass AIT), Grazax, has proven effective in grass pollen-induced @entity4 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the immunological and cutaneous changes induced after a short course with grass AIT. METHODS: We performed a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial with 78 @entity0 randomly assigned to receive either grass AIT or placebo in a 2:1 ratio. Treatment lasted at least 8 weeks before the @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and continued until the season finished. Specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G4, IgE, and IgE-blocking factor to Phleum pratense were measured at the beginning of the trial and at different intervals during treatment. Immediate and delayed skin tests with P pratense were also performed. Safety endpoints were defined in terms of adverse events reported. RESULTS: A total of 75 @entity0 completed the trial (50 active and 25 placebo). P pratense IgG4, IgE, and IgE-blocking factor in actively treated @entity0 increased significantly from baseline to the start of the @entity3 compared to placebo (P > .001, P = .017, and P = .005, respectively). The immediate cutaneous response was reduced during therapy in actively treated subjects, whereas placebo-treated subjects showed a decrease only after the start of the @entity3 . The delayed response to the intradermal test in grass AIT-treated subjects diminished, although not in a significantly different way from the placebo-treated subjects. CONCLUSION: Treatment with grass AIT for grass pollen @entity1 induces immunological changes after only 1 month of treatment.

title: In vivo and in vitro immunological changes induced by a short course of grass XXXX immunotherapy tablets.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This paper describes an outbreak of @entity3 at Kapellen in Belgium among visitors of the annual fair. The investigation started on 13th November 1999 after a respiratory physician notified the health authorities of the province of Antwerp of presumptive cases of @entity2 . The annual commercial fair at Kapellen, a small town in northern Belgium, was held 10 days previously and attracted 50,000 visitors. Stand employees (professionals or volunteers), technical staff of the hall and visitors at the fair were affected cases. An exploratory case-control study was conducted to trace the source of the epidemic. To complete the inventory study and to evaluate other risk factors, a cohort study of exhibitors and staff was conducted. Ninety-three @entity0 met the case definition, 41 of whom were considered as confirmed, 14 as presumptive cases and 38 as possible/clinical cases. Five @entity0 died. Further testing at the reference laboratory confirmed all strains to be @entity1 serogroup 1. The sensitivity for culture was low (29.2%), and sensitivity for seroconversion was high (90.9%). For urinary antigen test, a sensitivity with Biotest EIA of 65.6% was found, and the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was 85.7%. In all cases, the individual had visited the fair. Those individuals working in the central areas of the tent, near the aerosol-producing devices, were at higher risk of disease. @entity1 was detected by PCR on swabs of the surfaces of the whirlpool. Although not fully proven, an aerosol-producing device was the most probable source of the outbreak.

title: An outbreak of XXXX among visitors to a fair in Belgium in 1999.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Donor @entity1 given feed medicated with one or two levels of @entity2 or given non-medicated feed were infected with oocysts of @entity3 or E. maxima per os. Twelve hours after inoculation with oocysts liver, mid-intestine or ceca homogenates were fed to previously uninfected recipient @entity1 . The results showed that continuous medication with @entity2 was effective in preventing the transfer of sporozoites from the intestine to the liver. Oocysts were detected in the feces of all recipients of tissue from non-medicated donors, showing that some sporozoites of E. maxima and @entity3 are normally transferred to liver. Young broiler @entity1 were immunized by oral inoculation of E. maxima oocysts. The immune status of similar @entity1 inoculated with sporozoites of the same species directly into the liver or spleen were assessed. During the experimental period half of the chicks were provided with non-medicated food and the remainder were given feed supplemented with @entity2 ; @entity2 was effective in arresting the development of the sporozoites. Two weeks after @entity0 the birds were challenged with oocysts of E. maxima per os. Injection of sporozoites into the spleen did not protect against challenge. Birds inoculated with sporozoites into the liver were unable to develop a significant level of immunity. When the drug pressure was removed from these birds, parasitism of the intestine occurred and immunity developed.

title: The extraintestinal stages of XXXX and E. maxima in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Donor @entity1 given feed medicated with one or two levels of @entity2 or given non-medicated feed were infected with oocysts of @entity3 or E. maxima per os. Twelve hours after inoculation with oocysts liver, mid-intestine or ceca homogenates were fed to previously uninfected recipient @entity1 . The results showed that continuous medication with @entity2 was effective in preventing the transfer of sporozoites from the intestine to the liver. Oocysts were detected in the feces of all recipients of tissue from non-medicated donors, showing that some sporozoites of E. maxima and @entity3 are normally transferred to liver. Young broiler @entity1 were immunized by oral inoculation of E. maxima oocysts. The immune status of similar @entity1 inoculated with sporozoites of the same species directly into the liver or spleen were assessed. During the experimental period half of the chicks were provided with non-medicated food and the remainder were given feed supplemented with @entity2 ; @entity2 was effective in arresting the development of the sporozoites. Two weeks after @entity0 the birds were challenged with oocysts of E. maxima per os. Injection of sporozoites into the spleen did not protect against challenge. Birds inoculated with sporozoites into the liver were unable to develop a significant level of immunity. When the drug pressure was removed from these birds, parasitism of the intestine occurred and immunity developed.

title: The extraintestinal stages of @entity3 and E. maxima in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The mean death time in a cloacal test (MDT/CT) was employed to define the pathogenic type of isolates of the @entity3 virus (NDV) with 5-week-old birds. The results were compared with the use of standard methods for typing--the mean death time with 10-day-old @entity1 embryos as defined by the minimal lethal dose (MDT/ @entity4 ), the intracerebral pathogenic index for day-old chicks (ICPI), the intravenous pathogenic index for 6-8-weak-old birds (IVPI). Sixteen local isolates and 6 reference strains of NDV were used in the experiments. Using the author's modified technique to determine MDT/CT the velogenic strains of NDV were strictly differentiated from the local meso- and lentogenic NDV isolates and reference strains. At the same time differentiation was made of the velogenic-viscerotropic and of the velogenic-neurotropic isolates (strains). The values of MDT/CT in the experiments with isolates of the velogenic pathotype (14 in number) varied from 4.0 to 7.8 (mean = 5.32 +/- 0.26), and by them the isolates were graded for virulence within the respective (viscero- and neurotropic) group. For the lentogenic (5) and the mesogenic (3) isolates and strains these values were approx. 10. With 6 local NDV isolates of the velogenic-viscerotropic pathotype the test birds showed @entity0 of the head and neck, with swelling of the eyelids, and post mortem the accumulation of semi-liquid fibrinous mass under the skin in these parts of the body and @entity2 were found. MDT/CT in the modification employed proved simple and readily applicable, and superior to IVPI in reliability, and is, therefore, suggested for use in typing and differentiating NDV isolates.

title: [Typing of Newcastle virus isolates by mean death time of XXXX in the cloacal test].

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Blastic plasmacytoid @entity2 (BPDCN) is a rare aggressive @entity3 primarily found in adults, often carrying a poor prognosis. There are only 33 reported pediatric cases of BPDCN in the literature. Although standard treatment is not yet established for @entity0 , current literature recommends the use of high-risk @entity1 ( @entity1 )-type chemotherapy. Recent studies, however, have explored the benefits of combining chemotherapy with stem-cell transplantation. Here, the authors present 2 cases of pediatric BPDCN treated with different modalities. The first case is a 13-year-old @entity0 who presented with a 3-month history of an initially asymptomatic firm nodule on her left shin. The second case is a 15-year-old @entity0 who presented with a 4-month history of an enlarging subcutaneous nodule on the lower leg. Immunohistochemical staining of both @entity0 was positive for markers consistent with BPDCN. The latter @entity0 received @entity1 -type therapy alone, whereas the former received @entity1 -type chemotherapy and stem-cell transplantation. Since initial treatment, both @entity0 remain disease-free. These cases contribute to the limited number of pediatric BPDCN cases, thus helping to advance our knowledge toward an optimal treatment protocol for clinical remission.

title: XXXX in the Pediatric Population: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT The authors present a retrospective cohort study examining complications in @entity0 undergoing surgery for @entity1 using both minimally invasive endoscopic and open approaches. METHODS Over the past 10 years, 295 nonsyndromic @entity0 (140 undergoing endoscopic procedures and 155 undergoing open procedures) and 33 syndromic @entity0 (endoscopic procedures in 10 and open procedures in 23) met the authors' criteria. Variables analyzed included age at surgery, presence of a preexisting CSF shunt, skin incision method, estimated @entity2 , transfusions of packed red blood cells, use of intravenous @entity3 or @entity4 , intraoperative durotomies, procedure length, and length of hospital stay. Complications were classified as either surgically or medically related. RESULTS In the nonsyndromic endoscopic group, the authors experienced 3 (2.1%) surgical and 5 (3.6%) medical complications. In the nonsyndromic open group, there were 2 (1.3%) surgical and 7 (4.5%) medical complications. Intraoperative durotomies occurred in 5 (3.6%) endoscopic and 12 (7.8%) open cases, were repaired primarily, and did not result in reoperations for CSF leakage. Similar complication rates were seen in syndromic cases. There was no death or permanent morbidity. Additionally, endoscopic procedures were associated with significantly decreased estimated @entity2 , transfusions, procedure length, and length of hospital stay compared with open procedures. CONCLUSIONS Rates of intraoperative durotomies and surgical and medical complications were comparable between endoscopic and open techniques. This is the largest direct comparison to date between endoscopic and open interventions for @entity5 , and the results are in agreement with previous series that endoscopic surgery confers distinct advantages over open surgery in appropriate @entity0 populations.

title: Characterization of complications associated with open and endoscopic XXXX surgery at a single institution.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is proved to be a skin phenotype of @entity6 especially in @entity2 @entity0 . @entity8 is a new myokine which plays an important role in @entity3 , such as @entity2 , @entity5 resistance, and type 2 @entity1 . The role of @entity8 in the development of @entity7 -related @entity2 is not yet understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between @entity8 and @entity7 -related @entity2 . @entity0 _ Measurements: 30 @entity2 @entity0 without @entity7 (OB group), 30 @entity2 @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 group), and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers (control group, CON) were included in this study. Weight, BMI, lipid profile, FFA, UA, and CRP were measured in all @entity0 . Oral @entity4 Tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed and serum @entity4 and plasma @entity5 were measured at 0, 30, 60,120 and 180   min. The AUC (area under curve) of @entity4 and @entity5 was calculated. Serum @entity8 was measured by ELISA. Results: @entity6 is found in both @entity7 and OB groups. The @entity7 group had higher levels of @entity5 but better blood @entity4 tolerance and @entity5 response. The difference in @entity8 levels between the 3 groups was statistically significant, with the @entity7 group showing the highest serum level of @entity8 . Serum @entity8 levels were positively correlated with BMI, and fasting @entity5 . Conclusion: @entity7 is a state of hyperinsulinmia and has better @entity5 response and @entity4 tolerance compared to @entity2 @entity0 without @entity7 . Serum @entity8 may be a protective factor against impaired beta cell function in @entity2 with @entity7 .

title: Serum XXXX Level is Higher and Related with @entity5 in Acanthosis Nigricans-related @entity2 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is proved to be a skin phenotype of @entity6 especially in @entity2 @entity0 . @entity8 is a new myokine which plays an important role in @entity3 , such as @entity2 , @entity5 resistance, and type 2 @entity1 . The role of @entity8 in the development of @entity7 -related @entity2 is not yet understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between @entity8 and @entity7 -related @entity2 . @entity0 _ Measurements: 30 @entity2 @entity0 without @entity7 (OB group), 30 @entity2 @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 group), and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers (control group, CON) were included in this study. Weight, BMI, lipid profile, FFA, UA, and CRP were measured in all @entity0 . Oral @entity4 Tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed and serum @entity4 and plasma @entity5 were measured at 0, 30, 60,120 and 180   min. The AUC (area under curve) of @entity4 and @entity5 was calculated. Serum @entity8 was measured by ELISA. Results: @entity6 is found in both @entity7 and OB groups. The @entity7 group had higher levels of @entity5 but better blood @entity4 tolerance and @entity5 response. The difference in @entity8 levels between the 3 groups was statistically significant, with the @entity7 group showing the highest serum level of @entity8 . Serum @entity8 levels were positively correlated with BMI, and fasting @entity5 . Conclusion: @entity7 is a state of hyperinsulinmia and has better @entity5 response and @entity4 tolerance compared to @entity2 @entity0 without @entity7 . Serum @entity8 may be a protective factor against impaired beta cell function in @entity2 with @entity7 .

title: Serum @entity8 Level is Higher and Related with @entity5 in Acanthosis Nigricans-related XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is proved to be a skin phenotype of @entity6 especially in @entity2 @entity0 . @entity8 is a new myokine which plays an important role in @entity3 , such as @entity2 , @entity5 resistance, and type 2 @entity1 . The role of @entity8 in the development of @entity7 -related @entity2 is not yet understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between @entity8 and @entity7 -related @entity2 . @entity0 _ Measurements: 30 @entity2 @entity0 without @entity7 (OB group), 30 @entity2 @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 group), and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers (control group, CON) were included in this study. Weight, BMI, lipid profile, FFA, UA, and CRP were measured in all @entity0 . Oral @entity4 Tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed and serum @entity4 and plasma @entity5 were measured at 0, 30, 60,120 and 180   min. The AUC (area under curve) of @entity4 and @entity5 was calculated. Serum @entity8 was measured by ELISA. Results: @entity6 is found in both @entity7 and OB groups. The @entity7 group had higher levels of @entity5 but better blood @entity4 tolerance and @entity5 response. The difference in @entity8 levels between the 3 groups was statistically significant, with the @entity7 group showing the highest serum level of @entity8 . Serum @entity8 levels were positively correlated with BMI, and fasting @entity5 . Conclusion: @entity7 is a state of hyperinsulinmia and has better @entity5 response and @entity4 tolerance compared to @entity2 @entity0 without @entity7 . Serum @entity8 may be a protective factor against impaired beta cell function in @entity2 with @entity7 .

title: Serum @entity8 Level is Higher and Related with XXXX in Acanthosis Nigricans-related @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: It is generally known that even with permanent sections, the differential diagnosis between @entity5 and @entity3 is often difficult to determine. It is not unusual to encounter @entity0 diagnosed with benign @entity5 whose diagnoses have to be changed to @entity2 because of recurrence or @entity1 . As the monoclonal antibody HBME-1 produced by @entity10 cells has been shown to have reactivity in @entity4 , we investigated the diagnostic usefulness of HBME-1 in @entity2 . Immunohistochemical staining for HBME-1 was performed on 205 various @entity4 using the labeled streptavadin @entity9 peroxidase method. When @entity7 - @entity8 (HE) staining was performed again for this study and all cases were examined in accordance with the WHO Histological Classifications 2nd Edition, 87.2% (54/62) of @entity11 and 72.6% (45/62) of @entity5 were negative. On the other hand, 84.6% (33/39) of @entity3 and 97.2% (35/36) of @entity6 were positive. All anaplastic (2/2) and medullary (4/4) @entity3 were negative. Examination in @entity2 had a sensitivity of 84.6%, specificity of 72.6%, positive predictive value of 66.0% and overall accuracy of 77.2%. Among the cases treated as @entity5 clinically, the diagnosis of 13 cases was changed to @entity3 , and 6 cases to @entity6 for this study. These cases showed strong HBME-1 positivity. Two of the @entity3 cases experienced recurrence. We conclude that immunohistochemical staining with HBME-1 may be useful clinically to pick out cases with a high risk of recurrence in @entity3 , and that benign @entity5 cases need close follow-up.

title: HBME-1 immunostaining in XXXX especially in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: It is generally known that even with permanent sections, the differential diagnosis between @entity5 and @entity3 is often difficult to determine. It is not unusual to encounter @entity0 diagnosed with benign @entity5 whose diagnoses have to be changed to @entity2 because of recurrence or @entity1 . As the monoclonal antibody HBME-1 produced by @entity10 cells has been shown to have reactivity in @entity4 , we investigated the diagnostic usefulness of HBME-1 in @entity2 . Immunohistochemical staining for HBME-1 was performed on 205 various @entity4 using the labeled streptavadin @entity9 peroxidase method. When @entity7 - @entity8 (HE) staining was performed again for this study and all cases were examined in accordance with the WHO Histological Classifications 2nd Edition, 87.2% (54/62) of @entity11 and 72.6% (45/62) of @entity5 were negative. On the other hand, 84.6% (33/39) of @entity3 and 97.2% (35/36) of @entity6 were positive. All anaplastic (2/2) and medullary (4/4) @entity3 were negative. Examination in @entity2 had a sensitivity of 84.6%, specificity of 72.6%, positive predictive value of 66.0% and overall accuracy of 77.2%. Among the cases treated as @entity5 clinically, the diagnosis of 13 cases was changed to @entity3 , and 6 cases to @entity6 for this study. These cases showed strong HBME-1 positivity. Two of the @entity3 cases experienced recurrence. We conclude that immunohistochemical staining with HBME-1 may be useful clinically to pick out cases with a high risk of recurrence in @entity3 , and that benign @entity5 cases need close follow-up.

title: HBME-1 immunostaining in @entity4 especially in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Vertical expandable prosthetic @entity2 rib (VEPTR) insertion and expansion has been advocated to increase thoracic volume and pulmonary function in @entity0 with @entity4 . We reviewed our experience with VEPTR implantation to determine if lung function and growth is augmented, to determine the @entity0 's functional status, and if the @entity3 is controlled. METHODS: From 2006 to 2010, 29 insertions and 57 expansions were performed in 26 @entity0 at our institution. Demographic data were reviewed in conjunction with complications, @entity3 angles, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and computed tomography-guided 3D reconstructions to determine lung volumes; and quality of life scores were determined using a modified @entity3 ( @entity3 ) questionnaire preoperatively and postoperatively. The groups were also stratified by age (because of lung growth potential), disease ( @entity3 , @entity5 , neuromuscular, other @entity6 ), and sex. Analyses using SPSS (SPSS, Chicago, Ill) were performed with P < .05 considered significant. RESULTS: Each @entity0 underwent 3.03    1.8 surgeries, spending 0.97    1.8 days in the intensive care unit and 4.41    6 days in the hospital for each procedure. Mean age was 90.7    41 months. Of the 36 complications, most were because of @entity1 (12), half requiring operative repair (hardware removal). The average PFT percent predicted values for forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and RV were 54.6    22, 58.1    24, and 145.3    112, respectively, preoperatively and 51.8    20, 55.9    20, and 105.6    31, respectively, postoperatively. The lung volumes measured by computed tomography when corrected for age do not increase significantly postoperatively. The mean Cobb measurement for the preoperative major curves was 64.7   and postoperatively was 46.1   for those curves measured preoperatively, for a 29% curve improvement. All postoperative curves had a mean of 56.4   and 58.1   at final follow-up, a 3% curve increase. The @entity3 scores for @entity0 remained unchanged and no statistical difference was seen from preoperative to postoperative values. No statistically significant difference was seen in complications, @entity7 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, RV), lung volumes, @entity3 angles, and @entity3 scores between sex, age, and disease categories. CONCLUSION: There was mild improvement in @entity3 angles but no improvement in lung function and volume. @entity3 scores indicate that the @entity0 have near normal function both before and after VEPTR placement. Pulmonary function, lung volume, and @entity0 subjective assessments did not increase dramatically after VEPTR placement, although @entity3 angles improved.

title: Vertical expandable prosthetic XXXX rib device insertion: does it improve pulmonary function?

answer: @entity2


abstract: The main aim of Croatia's epidemiological information system is to enable the monitoring of @entity1 as well as to enable necessary interventions. Its 24-hour epidemiologic alert mechanism made it possible for initial reports of @entity3 in haemodialysis units to reach epidemiologists on the night of 12 October 2001. The alert about the sudden @entity2 among haemodialysis @entity0 in two hospitals has prompted us to do an epidemiological inquiry during that night and early the next morning. It looked at suspicions of a possible link between Baxter Plivadial P-15 lot 2001F075 dialyser and these @entity2 . As the suspicion was based on a small amount of data, it needed confirmation from a countrywide inquiry involving the other 40 haemodialysis units. A phone inquiry showed that 23 haemodialysis @entity2 occurred on 8-13 October 2001. It suggested that also dialyser of a different type and lot (P-18 2001B17R) should be incriminated. During the inquiry (October 13), all haemodialysis units were informed of the suspicions regarding incriminated dialysers, and of the necessity of temporary withdrawal of these from use. The withdrawal on 13 October of incriminated dialysers stopped the @entity2 among haemodialysis @entity0 . No more such sudden @entity2 have been recorded since that could be linked either to the described period or to this clinical picture.

title: Role of epidemiologic information system in XXXX prevention among Croatia's haemodialysis @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The main aim of Croatia's epidemiological information system is to enable the monitoring of @entity1 as well as to enable necessary interventions. Its 24-hour epidemiologic alert mechanism made it possible for initial reports of @entity3 in haemodialysis units to reach epidemiologists on the night of 12 October 2001. The alert about the sudden @entity2 among haemodialysis @entity0 in two hospitals has prompted us to do an epidemiological inquiry during that night and early the next morning. It looked at suspicions of a possible link between Baxter Plivadial P-15 lot 2001F075 dialyser and these @entity2 . As the suspicion was based on a small amount of data, it needed confirmation from a countrywide inquiry involving the other 40 haemodialysis units. A phone inquiry showed that 23 haemodialysis @entity2 occurred on 8-13 October 2001. It suggested that also dialyser of a different type and lot (P-18 2001B17R) should be incriminated. During the inquiry (October 13), all haemodialysis units were informed of the suspicions regarding incriminated dialysers, and of the necessity of temporary withdrawal of these from use. The withdrawal on 13 October of incriminated dialysers stopped the @entity2 among haemodialysis @entity0 . No more such sudden @entity2 have been recorded since that could be linked either to the described period or to this clinical picture.

title: Role of epidemiologic information system in @entity3 prevention among Croatia's haemodialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 is an @entity1 in Catalonia, Spain. A new spotted @entity2 group (SFG) rickettsial strain (Bar29) of unknown pathogenicity for @entity0 was isolated by our group, in 1996, from the @entity3 brown tick, @entity4 . Interestingly, @entity7 was not isolated in this study. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible pathogenic role of the Bar29 strain. To this purpose, serum samples from 15 @entity0 with @entity6 were obtained and tested by immunofluorescence for antibodies against four related rickettsial strains ( @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity9 , and Bar29). Eight of the studied sera reacted at high titers with only @entity7 and Bar29 antigens. For five of the eight sera, the titers against Bar29 were clearly higher than for @entity7 . Four of these sera were also studied by Western blot immunoassay to confirm a specific response. Two of these sera reacted with the high-molecular-mass specific proteins of Bar29 as well as with the low-molecular-mass region ( @entity5 antigen) whereas their reactions with @entity7 were located only on bands of the @entity5 . This specific response would support the possible pathogenic role of the Bar29 strain for @entity0 . According to this finding, spotted @entity2 caused by @entity7 and rickettsial strain Bar29 may be present in our area. The epidemiological implications of spotted @entity2 caused by @entity7 and by rickettsial strain Bar29 in the Catalonia deserve further studies with isolation and characterization of more rickettsial strains.

title: Serosurvey among @entity6 @entity0 of a new spotted XXXX group rickettsial strain (Bar29).

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 is an @entity1 in Catalonia, Spain. A new spotted @entity2 group (SFG) rickettsial strain (Bar29) of unknown pathogenicity for @entity0 was isolated by our group, in 1996, from the @entity3 brown tick, @entity4 . Interestingly, @entity7 was not isolated in this study. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible pathogenic role of the Bar29 strain. To this purpose, serum samples from 15 @entity0 with @entity6 were obtained and tested by immunofluorescence for antibodies against four related rickettsial strains ( @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity9 , and Bar29). Eight of the studied sera reacted at high titers with only @entity7 and Bar29 antigens. For five of the eight sera, the titers against Bar29 were clearly higher than for @entity7 . Four of these sera were also studied by Western blot immunoassay to confirm a specific response. Two of these sera reacted with the high-molecular-mass specific proteins of Bar29 as well as with the low-molecular-mass region ( @entity5 antigen) whereas their reactions with @entity7 were located only on bands of the @entity5 . This specific response would support the possible pathogenic role of the Bar29 strain for @entity0 . According to this finding, spotted @entity2 caused by @entity7 and rickettsial strain Bar29 may be present in our area. The epidemiological implications of spotted @entity2 caused by @entity7 and by rickettsial strain Bar29 in the Catalonia deserve further studies with isolation and characterization of more rickettsial strains.

title: Serosurvey among XXXX @entity0 of a new spotted @entity2 group rickettsial strain (Bar29).

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 is an @entity1 in Catalonia, Spain. A new spotted @entity2 group (SFG) rickettsial strain (Bar29) of unknown pathogenicity for @entity0 was isolated by our group, in 1996, from the @entity3 brown tick, @entity4 . Interestingly, @entity7 was not isolated in this study. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible pathogenic role of the Bar29 strain. To this purpose, serum samples from 15 @entity0 with @entity6 were obtained and tested by immunofluorescence for antibodies against four related rickettsial strains ( @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity9 , and Bar29). Eight of the studied sera reacted at high titers with only @entity7 and Bar29 antigens. For five of the eight sera, the titers against Bar29 were clearly higher than for @entity7 . Four of these sera were also studied by Western blot immunoassay to confirm a specific response. Two of these sera reacted with the high-molecular-mass specific proteins of Bar29 as well as with the low-molecular-mass region ( @entity5 antigen) whereas their reactions with @entity7 were located only on bands of the @entity5 . This specific response would support the possible pathogenic role of the Bar29 strain for @entity0 . According to this finding, spotted @entity2 caused by @entity7 and rickettsial strain Bar29 may be present in our area. The epidemiological implications of spotted @entity2 caused by @entity7 and by rickettsial strain Bar29 in the Catalonia deserve further studies with isolation and characterization of more rickettsial strains.

title: Serosurvey among @entity6 XXXX of a new spotted @entity2 group rickettsial strain (Bar29).

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Porcine @entity2 (PED) is an emerging disease of @entity3 that has recently led to large numbers of @entity1 in a number of countries of Eastern Asia and The Americas. The objective of the present study was to identify and compare risk factors associated with PED infection in locally and non-locally PED-exposed farms in Japan. A questionnaire was administered to a convenience selection of @entity3 farms located throughout Japan. Questionnaires were administered between November 2013 (when the first case was reported in Japan) and August 2014. PED-positive farms (cases, n=124) were asked to provide information on their status (positive or negative) and select herd management practices for the two weeks prior to onset of PED clinical signs. Negative farms (controls, n=128) were given the same questionnaire and asked herd management practices for the two weeks prior to a given reference date. This date was assigned based on the date of PED occurrence in the town/prefecture in which the farm was located. Case and control farms were categorized as "locally exposed" if they were located within a 5km radius from a PED-infected farm and "non-locally exposed", otherwise. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with PED infection. Two separate regressions were done for locally exposed and non-locally exposed farms using PED status (positive/negative) as the dependent variable. PED in locally-exposed farms was associated (P<0.05) with increased farm size (in 100 @entity3 increments), shorter distances to the closest PED-positive farm (less than1,001m), and a disinfectant contact time of less than 20min. In non-locally exposed farms, PED was associated (P<0.05) with @entity0 to the farm, no visit of the veterinarian, and again a disinfectant contact time of less than 20min. These findings suggest that the mechanisms of PED spread in Japan were different for farms closer to case-farms compared to farms that were further away from PED cases. These results will contribute to understanding the epidemiology of the disease in Japan and will ultimately aid in designing and implementing effective prevention and control strategies in Japan and other regions epidemically infected by the PED virus.

title: Epidemiological factors associated to spread of porcine XXXX in Japan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In vascular smooth muscle, @entity3 overload is a highly pathogenic event, which increases with advancing age. An increase in the @entity3 content of arterial wall may be produced in @entity1 by treatment with @entity7 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal clearance of @entity8 (a model organic anion, preferentially eliminated by the kidneys) and other @entity2 in @entity1 with arterial @entity4 . Arterial @entity4 was produced in adult @entity1 by means of a single dose of @entity7 (300,000 UI/kg bw, i.m.) 5 days before the experiment. Treated @entity1 showed a large increase in @entity3 content of aortic tissue and an increase in systolic arterial pressure. No modifications were observed in plasma @entity3 levels and in plasma lipid profiles. Statistically significant decrements were observed in renal clearance of @entity8 , in renal blood flow, in fractional excretion of @entity6 and @entity5 . A slight decrease, not statistically different, was observed in the glomerular filtration rate. @entity1 with arterial @entity4 also showed an increment of total @entity3 levels in renal tissue, in fractional excretion of @entity3 and in the expression of @entity9 ( @entity9 ). Histological studies revealed tubular alterations. In summary, modifications in hemodynamics and tubular parameters are early manifestations of @entity0 in @entity1 with arterial @entity4 , some of which may account for the changes observed in organic anions renal depuration. It is important to mention that the decrease in clearance of organic anions were seen in spite of the increase in expression of @entity9 .

title: Early manifestation of XXXX in @entity1 with arterial @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In vascular smooth muscle, @entity3 overload is a highly pathogenic event, which increases with advancing age. An increase in the @entity3 content of arterial wall may be produced in @entity1 by treatment with @entity7 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal clearance of @entity8 (a model organic anion, preferentially eliminated by the kidneys) and other @entity2 in @entity1 with arterial @entity4 . Arterial @entity4 was produced in adult @entity1 by means of a single dose of @entity7 (300,000 UI/kg bw, i.m.) 5 days before the experiment. Treated @entity1 showed a large increase in @entity3 content of aortic tissue and an increase in systolic arterial pressure. No modifications were observed in plasma @entity3 levels and in plasma lipid profiles. Statistically significant decrements were observed in renal clearance of @entity8 , in renal blood flow, in fractional excretion of @entity6 and @entity5 . A slight decrease, not statistically different, was observed in the glomerular filtration rate. @entity1 with arterial @entity4 also showed an increment of total @entity3 levels in renal tissue, in fractional excretion of @entity3 and in the expression of @entity9 ( @entity9 ). Histological studies revealed tubular alterations. In summary, modifications in hemodynamics and tubular parameters are early manifestations of @entity0 in @entity1 with arterial @entity4 , some of which may account for the changes observed in organic anions renal depuration. It is important to mention that the decrease in clearance of organic anions were seen in spite of the increase in expression of @entity9 .

title: Early manifestation of @entity0 in @entity1 with arterial XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In vascular smooth muscle, @entity3 overload is a highly pathogenic event, which increases with advancing age. An increase in the @entity3 content of arterial wall may be produced in @entity1 by treatment with @entity7 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal clearance of @entity8 (a model organic anion, preferentially eliminated by the kidneys) and other @entity2 in @entity1 with arterial @entity4 . Arterial @entity4 was produced in adult @entity1 by means of a single dose of @entity7 (300,000 UI/kg bw, i.m.) 5 days before the experiment. Treated @entity1 showed a large increase in @entity3 content of aortic tissue and an increase in systolic arterial pressure. No modifications were observed in plasma @entity3 levels and in plasma lipid profiles. Statistically significant decrements were observed in renal clearance of @entity8 , in renal blood flow, in fractional excretion of @entity6 and @entity5 . A slight decrease, not statistically different, was observed in the glomerular filtration rate. @entity1 with arterial @entity4 also showed an increment of total @entity3 levels in renal tissue, in fractional excretion of @entity3 and in the expression of @entity9 ( @entity9 ). Histological studies revealed tubular alterations. In summary, modifications in hemodynamics and tubular parameters are early manifestations of @entity0 in @entity1 with arterial @entity4 , some of which may account for the changes observed in organic anions renal depuration. It is important to mention that the decrease in clearance of organic anions were seen in spite of the increase in expression of @entity9 .

title: Early manifestation of @entity0 in XXXX with arterial @entity4 .

answer: @entity1