abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ), a diarrheal enterotoxin originally isolated from @entity2 , is composed of three antigenically distinct proteins designated B, L1, and L2. All three components are required for biological activity. Here, we report antigenic and physical variations in @entity0 components produced by other @entity1 isolates. Reactions of partial identity were observed in double gel immunodiffusion assays using antibodies to highly purified B, L1, and L2 components of F837/76 and culture supernatants of strains F837/76 and S1C. Western blot analysis showed that F837/76 produced one 38-kDa B protein, one 38-kDa L1, and one 43-kDa L1 protein. In strain S1C, two B (38 and 42 kDa), two L1 (38 and 41 kDa), and one L1 (43 kDa) proteins were detected. Further Western blot analysis of 127 @entity1 isolates showed that 90 produced one or more of the three @entity0 components. Approximately half of these 90 isolates (43/90; 48%) produced protein profiles which differed from that of F837/76. A total of four B, two L1, and three L2 component profiles with proteins of different sizes were observed. Individual strains produced various combinations of single or multiple bands of each component. In addition, some strains produced only one or two of the three @entity0 components. The public health significance of these strains is unknown, as all three components are required for biological activity. The data presented here demonstrates a high degree of heterogeneity in @entity0 and provide the basis for further studies to characterize the variations in @entity0 and to determine the role of the variant components in pathogenicity.

title: Heterogeneity observed in the components of hemolysin BL, an enterotoxin produced by XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity12 are known to have acute @entity8 . @entity11 -induced @entity6 may have late onset and present years after administration of the drug. Several studies have described the clinical findings in @entity0 with late-onset @entity5 , including electrocardiography, exercise testing, echocardiography, and histological findings in endomyocardial biopsies; however, there is little information on the pathological changes that are found in explanted or autopsy hearts. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and microscopic slides of heart tissue from one @entity0 who had an autopsy and from nine @entity0 who had cardiac transplants between 2001 and 2008. Heart weights were compared to historic controls (heart weights normalized for the @entity0 's heights). @entity9 and @entity10 (H_E)-stained slides were semiquantitated for evidence of @entity2 , myocytolysis, @entity3 , replacement @entity3 , and the presence of @entity1 . RESULTS: The average heart weight ranged from 231 to 470 g (mean=317    65 g, median=303 g). Review of the histological sections revealed no evidence of significant @entity2 or myocytolysis. Interstitial @entity3 was identified in all 10 @entity0 , with six @entity0 showing multifocal @entity3 , three @entity0 showing diffuse @entity3 , and only one @entity0 showing focal @entity3 . Replacement @entity3 was identified in six @entity0 , with two @entity0 displaying multifocal and four @entity0 displaying focal replacement @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Late-onset @entity5 is a serious consequence of @entity11 therapy resulting in @entity4 or the need for cardiac transplantation in some @entity0 . Unlike most other forms of @entity6 , the major pathological changes appear to be interstitial and/or replacement @entity3 without significant @entity7 .

title: Pathology of late-onset @entity11 XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity12 are known to have acute @entity8 . @entity11 -induced @entity6 may have late onset and present years after administration of the drug. Several studies have described the clinical findings in @entity0 with late-onset @entity5 , including electrocardiography, exercise testing, echocardiography, and histological findings in endomyocardial biopsies; however, there is little information on the pathological changes that are found in explanted or autopsy hearts. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and microscopic slides of heart tissue from one @entity0 who had an autopsy and from nine @entity0 who had cardiac transplants between 2001 and 2008. Heart weights were compared to historic controls (heart weights normalized for the @entity0 's heights). @entity9 and @entity10 (H_E)-stained slides were semiquantitated for evidence of @entity2 , myocytolysis, @entity3 , replacement @entity3 , and the presence of @entity1 . RESULTS: The average heart weight ranged from 231 to 470 g (mean=317    65 g, median=303 g). Review of the histological sections revealed no evidence of significant @entity2 or myocytolysis. Interstitial @entity3 was identified in all 10 @entity0 , with six @entity0 showing multifocal @entity3 , three @entity0 showing diffuse @entity3 , and only one @entity0 showing focal @entity3 . Replacement @entity3 was identified in six @entity0 , with two @entity0 displaying multifocal and four @entity0 displaying focal replacement @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Late-onset @entity5 is a serious consequence of @entity11 therapy resulting in @entity4 or the need for cardiac transplantation in some @entity0 . Unlike most other forms of @entity6 , the major pathological changes appear to be interstitial and/or replacement @entity3 without significant @entity7 .

title: Pathology of late-onset XXXX @entity5 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to establish whether @entity10 @entity0 suffering from vertigo and instability have @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Ninety-two @entity0 having suffered from @entity10 for at least 3 months were enrolled in the present study. @entity0 with a history of neck @entity4 or ear, nose and throat, ophthalmological or @entity2 were excluded. The @entity0 were evaluated in a clinical examination (neck mobility) and a test of dynamic and static balance on the Satel((R)) platform in which mediolateral (Long X) and anterior-posterior deviations (Long Y) were monitored. Our @entity0 were divided into three groups: a group of 32 @entity0 with @entity10 and vertigo (G1), a group of 30 @entity0 with @entity10 but no vertigo (G2) and a group of 30 healthy controls. RESULTS: All groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, weight and shoe size. @entity5 was found in 75% and 70% of the subjects in G1 and G2, respectively. Neck-related @entity1 was more frequent in G1 than in G2 (65.5% versus 40%, respectively; p=0.043). @entity6 was more frequent in G1 and concerned flexion (p<0.001), extension (p<0.001), rotation (p<0.001), right inclination (p<0.001) and left inclination (p<0.001). @entity8 were found more frequently in G1 than in G2 or G3. Static and dynamic posturographic assessments (under " @entity7 shut" conditions) revealed @entity8 (Long X and Long Y) in G1. CONCLUSION: Our study evidenced abnormal static and dynamic balance parameters in @entity10 @entity0 with vertigo. These disorders can be explained by @entity9 and neck movement limitations. @entity1 was more frequent in these @entity0 .

title: XXXX and vertigo: Is a @entity3 present?

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to establish whether @entity10 @entity0 suffering from vertigo and instability have @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Ninety-two @entity0 having suffered from @entity10 for at least 3 months were enrolled in the present study. @entity0 with a history of neck @entity4 or ear, nose and throat, ophthalmological or @entity2 were excluded. The @entity0 were evaluated in a clinical examination (neck mobility) and a test of dynamic and static balance on the Satel((R)) platform in which mediolateral (Long X) and anterior-posterior deviations (Long Y) were monitored. Our @entity0 were divided into three groups: a group of 32 @entity0 with @entity10 and vertigo (G1), a group of 30 @entity0 with @entity10 but no vertigo (G2) and a group of 30 healthy controls. RESULTS: All groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, weight and shoe size. @entity5 was found in 75% and 70% of the subjects in G1 and G2, respectively. Neck-related @entity1 was more frequent in G1 than in G2 (65.5% versus 40%, respectively; p=0.043). @entity6 was more frequent in G1 and concerned flexion (p<0.001), extension (p<0.001), rotation (p<0.001), right inclination (p<0.001) and left inclination (p<0.001). @entity8 were found more frequently in G1 than in G2 or G3. Static and dynamic posturographic assessments (under " @entity7 shut" conditions) revealed @entity8 (Long X and Long Y) in G1. CONCLUSION: Our study evidenced abnormal static and dynamic balance parameters in @entity10 @entity0 with vertigo. These disorders can be explained by @entity9 and neck movement limitations. @entity1 was more frequent in these @entity0 .

title: @entity10 and vertigo: Is a XXXX present?

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although imaging studies show the nature of most @entity1 (RCs), many RCs require fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for accurate diagnosis. Interpretation of the FNAs remains challenging. The FNA specimens of 41 RCs were reviewed and correlated with imaging studies. Final diagnoses for 30 cytologically benign lesions were simple cyst (28), acquired @entity6 (1), and @entity4 (1). The fluid from the benign cysts displayed macrophages, epithelial cells from the cyst lining, tubular cells, neutrophils, and Liesegang rings. Fluid from the acquired @entity4 showed features similar to those of the benign cysts. The 9 cases with "suspicious" cytology included 5 @entity6 displaying rare but atypical epithelial cell clusters, 3 low-grade @entity5 with many mildly atypical papillary clusters of epithelial cells, and 1 simple benign cyst with many tubular cells. The 2 cytologically malignant lesions were @entity5 with @entity0 cells with partially clear cytoplasm and atypical nuclei admixed with abundant macrophages and lymphocytes; 1 case developed in a kidney with acquired @entity3 . @entity2 remain the most frequently aspirated RCs, but @entity6 are increasingly recognized. Since many RCs are composed of independent loculi, a nonrepresentative sample is a potential problem, and cytologic-radiologic correlation becomes mandatory. The "suspicious" patterns identified in this study should serve as diagnostic guidelines and set the foundation for future validation.

title: Fine-needle aspiration of XXXX . Morphologic spectrum and diagnostic problems in 41 cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The healing process of @entity2 -induced @entity3 in @entity0 was observed with an endoscope for 365 d after @entity1 induction. The @entity1 were induced by @entity2 solutions of various concentrations (2.5 (I), 5.0 (II), 10 (III) and 20% (IV); 0.05 ml). On day 3, a positive correlation was observed between the @entity1 index (UI) and the concentration of @entity2 solution. On day 365, cumulative healing rates in groups I, II, III and IV amounted to 100, 100, 58.3 and 51.7%, respectively. The cumulative relapse rates in groups I, II, III and IV were 0, 13.6, 66.7 and 58.6%, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between initial UI values and cumulative healing or cumulative relapse rate. On day 365, @entity0 were divided into two groups, a healed group and non-healed group, and the gastric mucosal @entity4 (PGI2) level was measured by bioassay. The @entity4 level around @entity1 in @entity1 -induced @entity0 was higher than in normal @entity0 , and it was higher in non-healed @entity0 than in healed @entity0 . Moreover, the PGI2 level was higher in those groups which showed a higher cumulative relapse rates. The above results indicated that the initial @entity1 size and the PGI2 level around the @entity1 might correlate to @entity1 or exacerbation.

title: Relapse of @entity2 -induced @entity3 and gastric mucosal XXXX level in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The healing process of @entity2 -induced @entity3 in @entity0 was observed with an endoscope for 365 d after @entity1 induction. The @entity1 were induced by @entity2 solutions of various concentrations (2.5 (I), 5.0 (II), 10 (III) and 20% (IV); 0.05 ml). On day 3, a positive correlation was observed between the @entity1 index (UI) and the concentration of @entity2 solution. On day 365, cumulative healing rates in groups I, II, III and IV amounted to 100, 100, 58.3 and 51.7%, respectively. The cumulative relapse rates in groups I, II, III and IV were 0, 13.6, 66.7 and 58.6%, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between initial UI values and cumulative healing or cumulative relapse rate. On day 365, @entity0 were divided into two groups, a healed group and non-healed group, and the gastric mucosal @entity4 (PGI2) level was measured by bioassay. The @entity4 level around @entity1 in @entity1 -induced @entity0 was higher than in normal @entity0 , and it was higher in non-healed @entity0 than in healed @entity0 . Moreover, the PGI2 level was higher in those groups which showed a higher cumulative relapse rates. The above results indicated that the initial @entity1 size and the PGI2 level around the @entity1 might correlate to @entity1 or exacerbation.

title: Relapse of @entity2 -induced XXXX and gastric mucosal @entity4 level in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The healing process of @entity2 -induced @entity3 in @entity0 was observed with an endoscope for 365 d after @entity1 induction. The @entity1 were induced by @entity2 solutions of various concentrations (2.5 (I), 5.0 (II), 10 (III) and 20% (IV); 0.05 ml). On day 3, a positive correlation was observed between the @entity1 index (UI) and the concentration of @entity2 solution. On day 365, cumulative healing rates in groups I, II, III and IV amounted to 100, 100, 58.3 and 51.7%, respectively. The cumulative relapse rates in groups I, II, III and IV were 0, 13.6, 66.7 and 58.6%, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between initial UI values and cumulative healing or cumulative relapse rate. On day 365, @entity0 were divided into two groups, a healed group and non-healed group, and the gastric mucosal @entity4 (PGI2) level was measured by bioassay. The @entity4 level around @entity1 in @entity1 -induced @entity0 was higher than in normal @entity0 , and it was higher in non-healed @entity0 than in healed @entity0 . Moreover, the PGI2 level was higher in those groups which showed a higher cumulative relapse rates. The above results indicated that the initial @entity1 size and the PGI2 level around the @entity1 might correlate to @entity1 or exacerbation.

title: Relapse of XXXX -induced @entity3 and gastric mucosal @entity4 level in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The healing process of @entity2 -induced @entity3 in @entity0 was observed with an endoscope for 365 d after @entity1 induction. The @entity1 were induced by @entity2 solutions of various concentrations (2.5 (I), 5.0 (II), 10 (III) and 20% (IV); 0.05 ml). On day 3, a positive correlation was observed between the @entity1 index (UI) and the concentration of @entity2 solution. On day 365, cumulative healing rates in groups I, II, III and IV amounted to 100, 100, 58.3 and 51.7%, respectively. The cumulative relapse rates in groups I, II, III and IV were 0, 13.6, 66.7 and 58.6%, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between initial UI values and cumulative healing or cumulative relapse rate. On day 365, @entity0 were divided into two groups, a healed group and non-healed group, and the gastric mucosal @entity4 (PGI2) level was measured by bioassay. The @entity4 level around @entity1 in @entity1 -induced @entity0 was higher than in normal @entity0 , and it was higher in non-healed @entity0 than in healed @entity0 . Moreover, the PGI2 level was higher in those groups which showed a higher cumulative relapse rates. The above results indicated that the initial @entity1 size and the PGI2 level around the @entity1 might correlate to @entity1 or exacerbation.

title: Relapse of @entity2 -induced @entity3 and gastric mucosal @entity4 level in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effect of acute exposure to @entity4 ( @entity3 ) on splenic T lymphocyte subpopulations was studied in C57BL/6cum @entity0 . The @entity0 were exposed to 4 ppm @entity3 for 8 hr. Monoclonal antibodies to T lymphocyte differentiation antigens and fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis were used to detect changes in T lymphocyte subpopulations. Percentages of total T lymphocytes (Thy-1.2-positive), T-helper/inducer lymphocytes (L3T4-positive), and T-cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes ( @entity2 -positive) were significantly lower in @entity3 -exposed animals than in filtered-air-breathing controls. Large T-cytotoxic/suppressor cells were found to be the most susceptible subpopulation. Spleen and body weights of the @entity0 were also determined. There were no differences between body weights of control and exposed animals; however, exposed @entity0 had significantly lower spleen weights. This is the first report providing evidence linking alterations in T lymphocyte subpopulations to acute @entity3 exposure at occupational levels. T lymphocytes play a central role in regulatory and effector immunological functions such as mediating delayed @entity1 , regulating immunoglobulin production, and lysing virus-infected and neoplastic cells. The biological significance of these findings remains to be established, but it is very likely that functional impairment occurs since an optimal immune response depends upon a proper balance of the T lymphocyte subpopulations. Detection of alterations in T lymphocyte subpopulations using monoclonal antibodies and FACS analysis may provide an extremely sensitive means of demonstrating @entity3 -induced changes in the immune system.

title: Reduction in T lymphocyte subpopulations following acute exposure to 4 ppm XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We have previously shown that 1 h of maternal insulin-induced @entity4 is teratogenic to @entity0 embryos during the initial stages of neurulation, when they are dependent on uninterrupted glycolysis (day 9.5-9.7 of development). To determine whether this vulnerability persists in later stages of neural tube and cardiac development, we infused insulin into 16 conscious pregnant @entity0 for 1 h beginning after embryos had developed the capacity for aerobic @entity1 metabolism (day 10.6 of development). Half of the pregnant animals were allowed to become hypoglycemic (44 +/- 2 mg/dl) during the insulin infusions. The other half received @entity1 infusions to maintain normoglycemia (130 +/- 3 mg/dl). Normal plasma @entity1 levels were maintained in all animals after the insulin infusions. Embryos were examined on day 11.5 of development. At that time, 1 of 111 embryos from the normoglycemic group and 1 of 109 embryos from the hypoglycemic group were grossly malformed (P greater than .5). Means of embryo crown-rump length (4.15 +/- 0.03 vs. 4.14 +/- 0.03 mm), somite number (29.7 +/- 0.1 vs. 29.8 +/- 0.2), and total protein content (320 +/- 5 vs. 326 +/- 6 micrograms) were also similar in the two groups (P greater than .5). Thus, we could not detect an embryotoxic effect of 1 h of maternal insulin-induced @entity4 beginning at day 10.6 of development. This finding is in contrast to our prior demonstration that a similar period of @entity4 occurring earlier in neurulation (day 9.7) caused @entity3 and @entity2 in embryos.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Lack of teratogenic effect of brief maternal insulin-induced XXXX in @entity0 during late neurulation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We have previously shown that 1 h of maternal insulin-induced @entity4 is teratogenic to @entity0 embryos during the initial stages of neurulation, when they are dependent on uninterrupted glycolysis (day 9.5-9.7 of development). To determine whether this vulnerability persists in later stages of neural tube and cardiac development, we infused insulin into 16 conscious pregnant @entity0 for 1 h beginning after embryos had developed the capacity for aerobic @entity1 metabolism (day 10.6 of development). Half of the pregnant animals were allowed to become hypoglycemic (44 +/- 2 mg/dl) during the insulin infusions. The other half received @entity1 infusions to maintain normoglycemia (130 +/- 3 mg/dl). Normal plasma @entity1 levels were maintained in all animals after the insulin infusions. Embryos were examined on day 11.5 of development. At that time, 1 of 111 embryos from the normoglycemic group and 1 of 109 embryos from the hypoglycemic group were grossly malformed (P greater than .5). Means of embryo crown-rump length (4.15 +/- 0.03 vs. 4.14 +/- 0.03 mm), somite number (29.7 +/- 0.1 vs. 29.8 +/- 0.2), and total protein content (320 +/- 5 vs. 326 +/- 6 micrograms) were also similar in the two groups (P greater than .5). Thus, we could not detect an embryotoxic effect of 1 h of maternal insulin-induced @entity4 beginning at day 10.6 of development. This finding is in contrast to our prior demonstration that a similar period of @entity4 occurring earlier in neurulation (day 9.7) caused @entity3 and @entity2 in embryos.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Lack of teratogenic effect of brief maternal insulin-induced @entity4 in XXXX during late neurulation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent to which childhood @entity2 is associated with cognitive, behavioural and chronic health problems, and whether these problems could be attributed to recognized adverse biological, psychosocial or psychological factors. METHODOLOGY: At their first antenatal session, 8556 @entity0 were enrolled in a prospective study of pregnancy. When their @entity0 were 4 and 6 years of age, mothers completed a detailed questionnaire concerning their @entity0 's health and behaviour. A Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R) was completed by the @entity0 at 5 years of age. Z scores were used to categorize height measurements in 3986 @entity0 . The relationship of these height categories with the @entity0 's health, and behavioural and cognitive problems was then examined. RESULTS: No association was found between height and symptoms of @entity1 or behaviour problems in @entity0 or @entity0 . On the unadjusted analysis, mean PPVT-R scores were significantly lower in @entity0 with heights < 3 percentile and 3-< 10 percentile compared with study @entity0 between 10 to 90 percentile (P < 0.01). Scores were similarly significantly lower in @entity0 with heights < 3 percentile and 3-10 percentile (P = 0.01). Even after adjusting for psychosocial and biological confounders, @entity2 remained a significant predictor for lower PPVT-R scores in both @entity0 and @entity0 , although height only accounted for 1.1% of the variance in scores in @entity0 and 0.5% of the variance in PPVT-R scores in @entity0 . Psychosocial factors had a greater role than height in determining PPVT-R scores at 5 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a significant, though small, association between height and PPVT-R scores at 5 years of age, independent of @entity3 and known biological risk factors.

title: Behavioural and cognitive associations of XXXX at 5 years.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 is a selective and by oral administration potent type-5 phosphodiesterase ( @entity7 ) inhibitor, which increases the erection by corpus cavernosum smooth @entity2 . In a non-placebo controlled study, 134 @entity0 with @entity4 were treated with oral @entity6 . The aim of the study was to estimate the efficacy and adverse effects of this treatment. 51 @entity0 (38%) had psychogenic, and 83 (62%) organic origin of the @entity4 . 73 of them have already had some treatment for this problem before. The effective dose was 50 mg for 84 @entity0 (63%), 100 mg for 32 (24%) and 25 mg for 4 @entity0 . The treatment was effective for 120 @entity0 (90%). The most common adverse effect was @entity5 in 18 (13%) and @entity1 in 9 (7%) cases, two @entity0 had @entity1 and @entity5 together. Nasal congestion and @entity3 were complained by two @entity0 . Two @entity0 reported prolonged (max. 2h) erections. Cardiological investigation was performed for cardiovascular @entity0 and for @entity0 with risk factors. Exact criteria of the cardiological opinion of @entity6 treatment are reviewed. Cardial or other serious adverse effects were not observed. It was not necessary to stop the treatment because of the adverse effects. The authors found, that @entity6 is an effective and safe treatment for the @entity4 .

title: [Effectiveness and adverse effects of @entity6 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity6 is a selective and by oral administration potent type-5 phosphodiesterase ( @entity7 ) inhibitor, which increases the erection by corpus cavernosum smooth @entity2 . In a non-placebo controlled study, 134 @entity0 with @entity4 were treated with oral @entity6 . The aim of the study was to estimate the efficacy and adverse effects of this treatment. 51 @entity0 (38%) had psychogenic, and 83 (62%) organic origin of the @entity4 . 73 of them have already had some treatment for this problem before. The effective dose was 50 mg for 84 @entity0 (63%), 100 mg for 32 (24%) and 25 mg for 4 @entity0 . The treatment was effective for 120 @entity0 (90%). The most common adverse effect was @entity5 in 18 (13%) and @entity1 in 9 (7%) cases, two @entity0 had @entity1 and @entity5 together. Nasal congestion and @entity3 were complained by two @entity0 . Two @entity0 reported prolonged (max. 2h) erections. Cardiological investigation was performed for cardiovascular @entity0 and for @entity0 with risk factors. Exact criteria of the cardiological opinion of @entity6 treatment are reviewed. Cardial or other serious adverse effects were not observed. It was not necessary to stop the treatment because of the adverse effects. The authors found, that @entity6 is an effective and safe treatment for the @entity4 .

title: [Effectiveness and adverse effects of XXXX in @entity4 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: The etiology of @entity3 remains elusive. We hypothesized that abnormal cell cycle events in the vein wall may contribute to changes in its structural integrity predisposing to varicosity development. Since cell cycle checkpoint controls are linked to the signaling and execution of apoptotic cascades, possibly apoptosis is a contributing factor in the pathophysiology of varicosities. The present study was designed to investigate whether programmed cell death varies in varicosities as compared to normal veins. Twenty-seven normal greater saphenous vein specimens were obtained from @entity0 undergoing infrainguinal arterial bypass surgery, and 20 varicose vein specimens were retrieved from @entity0 undergoing varicose vein excision. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Expression of @entity1 and @entity2 was noted by standard immunohistochemical techniques. Apoptotic cells were identified in 32 of the 47 specimens. Forty-eight percent of normal vein specimens displayed >3 apoptotic cells per 100 cells in the adventitia; 15% of the specimens of the varicose vein group showed such magnitude of apoptosis (p < 0.03). This increased apoptotic activity was not observed in media or intima of either vein group (p < 0.001). No significant difference in immunoreactivity to @entity1 protein was observed in varicose vein specimens as compared to controls. Varicose vein specimens demonstrated increased nuclear expression of @entity2 whereas its cytoplasmic expression was significantly diminished (p </=0.02). These data show that programmed cell death is inhibited in @entity3 . Differential expression of @entity2 suggests that it may deregulate cell cycle events, thereby leading to varicosity formation.

title: Programmed cell death (Apoptosis) and its role in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In subdiaphragmatic @entity1 the most common sites of involvement include the para-aortic region, in particular the celiac trunk, the splenic pedicle, and the spleen. In treatment planning, no imaging modalities (i.e. lymphography, CT, US) have so far been able to realize the need for direct imaging of any of these areas on a simulation film, necessary for individual beam shaping. With intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA) a new imaging method is available that allows direct imaging of these regions in a frontal view. The way and extent the splenic artery crosses the left kidney can exactly be delineated. By using a subtrascope (as common in angiography) the DSA can exactly be superimposed and documented on a simulation film. The DSA drawn onto the simulation film serves as a base for defining an individual target volume in the upper abdominal region (splenic pedicle etc.). The kidney can be shielded in a highly individualized way by individual beamshaping blocks. From December 1985 to December 1986, we treated 35 @entity0 by using this technique for treatment planning. In 32 evaluable @entity0 the imaging accuracy for all sites was judged as "excellent" in 74%, "reasonable" in 19%, and "poor" in 7%. The course of the splenic artery in relation to the left kidney revealed 78% within or above the upper third. By DSA assisted localization the target volume could be accurately defined in every case with shielding of the kidney as much as possible. Compared to nonindividualized standard definitions ("including @entity2 and "including upper third of the kidney") DSA assisted individual target volume definition was more precise: "including @entity2 overestimates in 63%, "including upper third" underestimates in 53%. Compared to the standard definition ("including @entity2 ) reduction of up to 25% kidney volume to be irradiated could be achieved in 63%. DSA could be performed on an outpatient basis. The median duration of DSA performance was 20 minutes; superimposing and drawing at the subtrascope took median 20 minutes. There were no severe side effects.

title: Digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA) in treatment planning of subdiaphragmatic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was a retrospective analysis of the presenting features of @entity3 , its response to therapy and its clinical course. DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty-six cases diagnosed between August 1970 and June 1993 were carefully reviewed. The follow-up was continued until June 1998 and the median observation time was 118 months. RESULTS: The disease was most frequently localized in the upper airways (37/46; 80%), with the mass limited to a single site in all but seven @entity0 in whom two contiguous sites were involved. Other localizations were the lymph nodes, thyroid, skin, stomach, and brain. The clinical symptoms were related to the site of presentation, and the median time between appearance and diagnosis was 7.5 months. The median age at diagnosis was 55 years (range 16-80), with 14 @entity0 (30%) being under 50 years old. The disorder was approximately twice as common in males as in females. Ten @entity0 (21%) had a monoclonal component. The therapeutic strategy varied, although the most frequent form of treatment was local radiotherapy. Thirty-nine @entity0 (85%) achieved complete remission (CR), five (11%) a partial remission (PR) and two (4%) did not respond to therapy (NR). Local recurrence (LR) or recurrence at other sites (ROS) occurred in 7.5% and 10%, respectively. Seven @entity0 (15%) developed @entity1 ( @entity1 ), characterized by multiple sites of @entity2 in almost all cases with soft tissue involvement in some of them. The 15 year survival rate was 78%. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: This review of a relatively large series of @entity0 confirms the favorable prognosis of @entity4 when treated locally by irradiation and/or surgery.

title: Clinical outcome of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 and non- @entity4 ( @entity2 ) receptors have been implicated in the development of neuroplasticity in the spinal cord in @entity0 . The spinal cord has been identified as one of the sites of the analgesic action of @entity8 . In the current study, the authors determined the antiallodynic effect of intrathecal @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in a @entity1 model of @entity0 . Also tested was a hypothesis that intrathecal injection of @entity3 and @entity8 produces a synergistic effect on @entity6 in @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: Allodynia was produced in @entity1 by ligation of the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves. Allodynia was determined by application of von Frey filaments to the left hind paw. Through an implanted intrathecal catheter, 10-100 microg @entity8 or 0.5-8 microg @entity3 disodium (a water-soluble formulation of @entity3 ) was injected in conscious @entity1 . Isobolographic analysis was performed comparing the interaction of intrathecal @entity8 and @entity3 using the ED50 dose ratio of 15:1. RESULTS: Intrathecal treatment with @entity8 or @entity3 produced a dose-dependent increase in the withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation. The ED50 for @entity8 and @entity3 was 45.9+/-4.65 and 3.4+/-0.22 microg, respectively. Intrathecal injection of a combination of @entity3 and @entity8 produced a strong synergistic antiallodynic effect in @entity5 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that intrathecal administration of @entity3 exhibits an antiallodynic effect in this @entity1 model of @entity0 . Furthermore, @entity3 and @entity8 , when combined intrathecally, produce a potent synergistic antiallodynic effect on @entity0 in spinal nerve-ligated @entity1 .

title: Synergistic effect between intrathecal non- @entity2 antagonist and @entity8 on XXXX induced by spinal nerve ligation in @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 and non- @entity4 ( @entity2 ) receptors have been implicated in the development of neuroplasticity in the spinal cord in @entity0 . The spinal cord has been identified as one of the sites of the analgesic action of @entity8 . In the current study, the authors determined the antiallodynic effect of intrathecal @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in a @entity1 model of @entity0 . Also tested was a hypothesis that intrathecal injection of @entity3 and @entity8 produces a synergistic effect on @entity6 in @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: Allodynia was produced in @entity1 by ligation of the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves. Allodynia was determined by application of von Frey filaments to the left hind paw. Through an implanted intrathecal catheter, 10-100 microg @entity8 or 0.5-8 microg @entity3 disodium (a water-soluble formulation of @entity3 ) was injected in conscious @entity1 . Isobolographic analysis was performed comparing the interaction of intrathecal @entity8 and @entity3 using the ED50 dose ratio of 15:1. RESULTS: Intrathecal treatment with @entity8 or @entity3 produced a dose-dependent increase in the withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation. The ED50 for @entity8 and @entity3 was 45.9+/-4.65 and 3.4+/-0.22 microg, respectively. Intrathecal injection of a combination of @entity3 and @entity8 produced a strong synergistic antiallodynic effect in @entity5 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that intrathecal administration of @entity3 exhibits an antiallodynic effect in this @entity1 model of @entity0 . Furthermore, @entity3 and @entity8 , when combined intrathecally, produce a potent synergistic antiallodynic effect on @entity0 in spinal nerve-ligated @entity1 .

title: Synergistic effect between intrathecal non- @entity2 antagonist and XXXX on @entity6 induced by spinal nerve ligation in @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 and non- @entity4 ( @entity2 ) receptors have been implicated in the development of neuroplasticity in the spinal cord in @entity0 . The spinal cord has been identified as one of the sites of the analgesic action of @entity8 . In the current study, the authors determined the antiallodynic effect of intrathecal @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in a @entity1 model of @entity0 . Also tested was a hypothesis that intrathecal injection of @entity3 and @entity8 produces a synergistic effect on @entity6 in @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: Allodynia was produced in @entity1 by ligation of the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves. Allodynia was determined by application of von Frey filaments to the left hind paw. Through an implanted intrathecal catheter, 10-100 microg @entity8 or 0.5-8 microg @entity3 disodium (a water-soluble formulation of @entity3 ) was injected in conscious @entity1 . Isobolographic analysis was performed comparing the interaction of intrathecal @entity8 and @entity3 using the ED50 dose ratio of 15:1. RESULTS: Intrathecal treatment with @entity8 or @entity3 produced a dose-dependent increase in the withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation. The ED50 for @entity8 and @entity3 was 45.9+/-4.65 and 3.4+/-0.22 microg, respectively. Intrathecal injection of a combination of @entity3 and @entity8 produced a strong synergistic antiallodynic effect in @entity5 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that intrathecal administration of @entity3 exhibits an antiallodynic effect in this @entity1 model of @entity0 . Furthermore, @entity3 and @entity8 , when combined intrathecally, produce a potent synergistic antiallodynic effect on @entity0 in spinal nerve-ligated @entity1 .

title: Synergistic effect between intrathecal non- XXXX antagonist and @entity8 on @entity6 induced by spinal nerve ligation in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 and non- @entity4 ( @entity2 ) receptors have been implicated in the development of neuroplasticity in the spinal cord in @entity0 . The spinal cord has been identified as one of the sites of the analgesic action of @entity8 . In the current study, the authors determined the antiallodynic effect of intrathecal @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in a @entity1 model of @entity0 . Also tested was a hypothesis that intrathecal injection of @entity3 and @entity8 produces a synergistic effect on @entity6 in @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: Allodynia was produced in @entity1 by ligation of the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves. Allodynia was determined by application of von Frey filaments to the left hind paw. Through an implanted intrathecal catheter, 10-100 microg @entity8 or 0.5-8 microg @entity3 disodium (a water-soluble formulation of @entity3 ) was injected in conscious @entity1 . Isobolographic analysis was performed comparing the interaction of intrathecal @entity8 and @entity3 using the ED50 dose ratio of 15:1. RESULTS: Intrathecal treatment with @entity8 or @entity3 produced a dose-dependent increase in the withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation. The ED50 for @entity8 and @entity3 was 45.9+/-4.65 and 3.4+/-0.22 microg, respectively. Intrathecal injection of a combination of @entity3 and @entity8 produced a strong synergistic antiallodynic effect in @entity5 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that intrathecal administration of @entity3 exhibits an antiallodynic effect in this @entity1 model of @entity0 . Furthermore, @entity3 and @entity8 , when combined intrathecally, produce a potent synergistic antiallodynic effect on @entity0 in spinal nerve-ligated @entity1 .

title: Synergistic effect between intrathecal non- @entity2 antagonist and @entity8 on @entity6 induced by spinal nerve ligation in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A previously published survey has evaluated the natural history and clinical outcome of fetal @entity0 ( @entity2 ) in 94 cases. This study showed that the prenatal diagnosis is accurate, the mortality is high (80%), and @entity1 is a prenatal predictor of poor clinical outcome. As a follow-up study, 38 consecutive cases of @entity2 diagnosed in utero were evaluated and treated by the same surgical team. This permitted detailed assessment of prognostic factors and evaluation of the impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on outcome. We found the following. (1) Survival is poor despite optimal postnatal therapy including ECMO. (2) Polyhydramnios is both a common prenatal marker for @entity2 (present in 69% of fetuses) and a predictor for poor clinical outcome (only 18% survival), but tends to occur after the second trimester. (3) Amniocentesis is indicated to rule out chromosomal abnormalities that were present in 16% of fetuses. (4) All 14 fetuses diagnosed prior to 25 weeks' gestation died. Improved postnatal therapy or surgical intervention before birth will be necessary to salvage the @entity2 fetus with an early gestational diagnosis or associated @entity1 .

title: Fetal XXXX : ultrasound diagnosis and clinical outcome in 38 cases.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Current treatment of newly diagnosed widespread @entity3 may include chemotherapy, delayed surgical resection, marrow ablative chemoradiotherapy, and bone marrow transplantation. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to determine response to therapy and timing of delayed resection. We assessed the accuracy of @entity5 in 25 @entity0 (26 total cases) treated over 21 months. @entity1 size and location were estimated prior to surgical resection by @entity5 , and the sensitivity and specificity of these studies were determined from operative findings. @entity5 consisted of CT (15), MRI (8), and MRI and CT (3). Discordance between @entity5 and operative findings was found in ten @entity0 (38%). This included three @entity4 (12%), including two false-positives and one false-negative. Seven errors of specificity were noted; they included a positive scan with no viable @entity1 identified (3), much more @entity2 (3), or less @entity2 (1). Viable @entity1 was identified in 18 cases, and in 11 @entity0 , complete resection of macroscopic @entity1 at the primary site was carried out. Ten of 13 @entity0 operated on within 5 months of beginning chemotherapy were rendered grossly free of @entity3 at the primary site after surgery. Eight of 12 @entity0 operated on 6 months or longer after starting chemotherapy were rendered grossly free of @entity1 at the primary site. Bone marrow transplantation was performed in 21 @entity0 , ten of whom are alive with a median follow up of 20 months. Survival was similar for @entity0 who underwent surgical resection at less than or equal to 5 v greater than 6 months after starting chemotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Accuracy of diagnostic imaging as determined by delayed operative intervention for advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study investigates the treatment management and survival of inoperable advanced @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 . The objective was to treat all @entity0 with induction chemotherapy and then to stratify them for surgery, radiotherapy, second-line chemotherapy or supportive treatment. Of the 359 @entity0 enrolled in the study, 336 fulfilled the study criteria and were classified as follows: 90 stage IIIa, 135 stage IIIb and 111 stage IV. Histological types included 131 squamous cell, 123 @entity1 , 53 undifferentiated non-small, 15 large cell, 3 adenosquamous, 3 bronchoalveolar and 8 unclassified. For all @entity0 induction therapy involved @entity2 (CDDP) combined chemotherapy and 84% of the @entity0 were also treated with @entity5 and @entity4 . The mean number of courses was 4 (minimum 2, maximum 11). The result of induction therapy was 49% complete and partial for at least 8 weeks; with minor response included, the total response rate was 67.6%. Fourteen @entity0 (4.16%) achieved analytically complete response, 151 (45%) partial response and 62 (18.5%) minor response. The second-line treatment implemented was as follows: surgical excision, 22 @entity0 (Group A); radiotherapy, 106 @entity0 (Group B); chemotherapy, 91 @entity0 (Group C) and supportive treatment, 117 @entity0 (Group D). Median survival in months was 72 (range 5-120+), 12 (range 2-118), 15 (range 3-48) and 7 (range 3-120) for Groups A-D respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in survival in Group A @entity0 (p < 0.001) but no difference was observed between Groups B and C. Group D @entity0 had significantly lower survival than the other three groups. In conclusion, induction chemotherapy renders a reasonably high response rate in operable @entity3 @entity0 and second-line radiotherapy treatment is not superior to second-line chemotherapy.

title: Induction chemotherapy in XXXX stage IIIa-b and IV and second-line treatment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity7 is commonly observed in developing countries but can also occur in industrialized countries. The aim of this work was to analyze diagnostic and therapeutic data on cases of @entity7 diagnosed in southeastern France over the last 10 years. METHODS: We collected data from @entity0 files and compared them with those reported in the literature. RESULTS: We collected 29 cases of @entity7 diagnosed in southeastern France between 1988 and 1999. None of the @entity0 had acquired the disease in France. @entity3 were the most common inaugural sign. Four @entity0 had @entity2 and very few had radiologically identifiable muscle @entity4 . CT scan and MRI provided the diagnosis of @entity7 and contributed to follow-up. Brain imaging showed cyst formation and @entity4 . @entity6 serology was positive in only 52% of our patients. Antiparasite treatments with @entity5 provided improvement in most @entity0 although aggravation was observed in 4 despite a well-conducted regimen. There was one death. CONCLUSION: Neurological manifestations, particularly @entity3 , in a @entity0 returning from an endemic zone should prompt search for @entity7 with @entity1 and MRI. Regression of clinical and radiological signs with treatment confirms the diagnosis.

title: [ XXXX in the South-East of France 1988-1998].

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity3 is related to geomagnetic activity. BACKGROUND: Prior studies presume that geomagnetic activity (with average amplitudes above 50 nanotesla [nT]) is associated with @entity4 in @entity3 @entity0 @entity0 and in @entity3 @entity1 . METHODS: In a retrospective study, 46 @entity3 @entity0 with definite @entity4 were compared with 108 @entity3 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) who died between 1981 and 1992. A complete postmortem examination was performed in all cases. The time of the day and date of @entity2 , as well as two international geomagnetic indices concerning Bartels' planetary 3-hour signs (Kp) and the mean planetary daily amplitudes (Ap) at time of @entity2 , were assessed. RESULTS: Among 45 @entity4 individuals, the local time (37.8%) and the universal time of @entity2 (35.6%) peaked within the critical period between 3 to 9 AM. However, the @entity4 and @entity2 group did not substantially differ in regard to the distribution of local or universal time of @entity2 (p > 0.2, Fisher test). Neither the Kp signs at @entity2 and 2 hours before @entity2 nor the Ap values showed considerable differences between the @entity4 and @entity2 series (p > 0.2, Mann-Whitney test). Merely 4.3% of @entity4 @entity0 and 3.7% of @entity2 @entity0 were associated with Ap indices above 50 nT (p > 0.2, Fisher test). CONCLUSION: The results do not support the hypothesis that geomagnetic activity is related to occurrence of @entity4 in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Is geomagnetic activity a risk factor for @entity4 in XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity3 is related to geomagnetic activity. BACKGROUND: Prior studies presume that geomagnetic activity (with average amplitudes above 50 nanotesla [nT]) is associated with @entity4 in @entity3 @entity0 @entity0 and in @entity3 @entity1 . METHODS: In a retrospective study, 46 @entity3 @entity0 with definite @entity4 were compared with 108 @entity3 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) who died between 1981 and 1992. A complete postmortem examination was performed in all cases. The time of the day and date of @entity2 , as well as two international geomagnetic indices concerning Bartels' planetary 3-hour signs (Kp) and the mean planetary daily amplitudes (Ap) at time of @entity2 , were assessed. RESULTS: Among 45 @entity4 individuals, the local time (37.8%) and the universal time of @entity2 (35.6%) peaked within the critical period between 3 to 9 AM. However, the @entity4 and @entity2 group did not substantially differ in regard to the distribution of local or universal time of @entity2 (p > 0.2, Fisher test). Neither the Kp signs at @entity2 and 2 hours before @entity2 nor the Ap values showed considerable differences between the @entity4 and @entity2 series (p > 0.2, Mann-Whitney test). Merely 4.3% of @entity4 @entity0 and 3.7% of @entity2 @entity0 were associated with Ap indices above 50 nT (p > 0.2, Fisher test). CONCLUSION: The results do not support the hypothesis that geomagnetic activity is related to occurrence of @entity4 in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Is geomagnetic activity a risk factor for XXXX in @entity3 ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: In order to find some treatments for @entity3 caused by @entity6 , we investigated the mechanism of @entity6 . Previously, stimulation of sympathetic nerves caused an increase in pulmonary vascular permeability, possibly due to neuropeptide Y. Neuropeptide Y injected into the @entity1 increased lung vascular permeability dose-dependently, the ED50 of which was 0.3-1 nM. Such an effect remained even after treatment with @entity5 , as well as in the presence of alpha- and beta-blockers. And @entity2 enhanced the effect of neuropeptide Y on lung vascular permeability. These responses were almost similar to those obtained by stimulation of sympathetic nerves. Furthermore, neuropeptide Y, in fibrin-induced @entity6 , was localized in alveolar macrophages and alveolar spaces, amounting to approximately 200 nM in @entity0 fluid. The value was significantly greater than that obtained in hydrostatic @entity6 by 10-30 times. @entity4 , an analogue of neuropeptide Y, had no action on lung vascular permeability, whereas the effect of neuropeptide Y was inhibited by pretreatment with neuropeptide Y- 13-36, an antagonist for Y3-recetor subtype. These results suggested that neuropeptide Y enhances the lung vascular permeability via Y3-recetor subtype. Neuropeptide Y- 13-36, in fibrin-induced @entity6 , decreased a ratio of protein concentration in @entity0 fluid to that in serum, indicating that neuropeptide Y actually acts a role in the development of @entity6 , via an increase in lung vascular permeability.

title: [Participation of neuropeptide Y Y3-receptor subtype in the increase in lung vascular permeability--for therapy of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although wound healing is essentially a physiologic process, some chronic wounds exhibit considerable delay in healing. Often these do not heal perfectly in individuals with low immune profiles. Thus, the present study was undertaken to develop an excision wound model in the immunocompromised state induced by pretreatment with @entity2 (HC) 40 mg/kg intramuscularly in male @entity0 . Wounds of 8-mm diameter were made on the preshaved dorsal surface of @entity0 using an Acuderm biopsy punch, following pretreatment with HC. After 14 days HC-treated animals exhibited @entity1 and a significant reduction of circulating lymphocytes and increase in neutrophils; these changes are indicative of immunosuppressive state of animals. The cell proliferation was significantly affected as shown by decreases in DNA (23%) and protein (11%). Furthermore, there were also significant reductions in tensile strength (37%) and @entity3 (33%) contents. These results were further supported by lack of contraction of wound edges. It is concluded that animals primed with HC 1 week prior to wounding developed prolonged immunosuppression, which significantly impaired the wound healing as compared with other groups. Thus, this can be experimentally employed as an immunocompromised wound model for evaluating compounds as novel wound healers suitable for immunocompromised subjects.

title: A time course study for the development of an immunocompromised wound model, using XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Ependymomas usually arise from the ventricular surface and approximately two-thirds of them are infratentorial. We present an unusual case of @entity3 located in the parietal parenchyma and exhibiting no continuity with the ventricular system. On March 30, 1998, a 63-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our neurosurgical service because of a @entity4 attack two weeks before. On admission, neurological examination revealed no abnormal findings. Computerized tomography (CT) revealed a @entity2 of the parietal lobe which was enhanced homogeneously. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also showed the mass of the parietal lobe which was iso-intense on T1-weighted images, iso and high intense on T2-weighted images and homogeneously enhanced by administration of @entity5 . In the angiography, left carotid angiograms showed a @entity1 stain. On February 26, 1998, total @entity1 was performed using stereotactic craniotomy with neuronavigator and intraoperative echography. After surgery, focal radiation therapy (56Gy) was carried out. The pathological diagnosis was @entity3 with partial clear cell components. Several kinds of @entity1 may occur in the cerebral parenchyma. We conclude, however, that @entity3 has to be included in the differential diagnosis when the @entity1 location is distant from the ventricles.

title: [Supratentorial XXXX : a case report].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The activity and the tissue distribution of the @entity0 radical producing enzyme @entity3 oxidoreductase (XOR) were measured in the digestive gland of the common marine mussel @entity4 Lmk along an annual cycle. No @entity3 oxidase (XOX) activity could be measured, the enzyme only displaying @entity3 dehydrogenase (XDH) activity in all the cases. This is interpreted as a mechanism to avoid the harmful effects of the @entity0 radicals that would be produced by XOX during periods following anoxic conditions at low tide. The highest XDH activities coincided with the late spring/early summer months, the activity maxima being recorded from May to July. Histochemically XOR activity was very pronounced in duct and stomach epithelial cells as well as in the surrounding connective tissue and hemolymph vessels, the activity increasing towards the summer months. These seasonal variations in XDH or XOR activities are possibly linked to hormonal changes governing the reproductive cycle and to changes in food availability. The localization of the protein in the connective tissue lining the hemolymph vessels was confirmed immunohistochemically using a polyclonal antibody against @entity1 liver protein that cross-reacted specifically with a polypeptide of 150 kDa of molecular mass in homogenates of the digestive gland. This polypeptide was linked to cytosolic fractions isolated by differential centrifugation from mussel digestive glands. In paraffin sections the antibody labeled the digestive cells of digestive tubules, as well as the connective tissue surrounding the hemolymph vessels, gonadal follicles, digestive epithelia and certain protozoan parasites. Taken together our results suggest that in the digestive gland of bivalve molluscs XOR is involved in the metabolism of @entity2 and in the scavenging of @entity0 free radicals.

title: Seasonal variation of @entity3 oxidoreductase activity in the digestive gland cells of the mussel XXXX : a biochemical, histochemical and immunochemical study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The activity and the tissue distribution of the @entity0 radical producing enzyme @entity3 oxidoreductase (XOR) were measured in the digestive gland of the common marine mussel @entity4 Lmk along an annual cycle. No @entity3 oxidase (XOX) activity could be measured, the enzyme only displaying @entity3 dehydrogenase (XDH) activity in all the cases. This is interpreted as a mechanism to avoid the harmful effects of the @entity0 radicals that would be produced by XOX during periods following anoxic conditions at low tide. The highest XDH activities coincided with the late spring/early summer months, the activity maxima being recorded from May to July. Histochemically XOR activity was very pronounced in duct and stomach epithelial cells as well as in the surrounding connective tissue and hemolymph vessels, the activity increasing towards the summer months. These seasonal variations in XDH or XOR activities are possibly linked to hormonal changes governing the reproductive cycle and to changes in food availability. The localization of the protein in the connective tissue lining the hemolymph vessels was confirmed immunohistochemically using a polyclonal antibody against @entity1 liver protein that cross-reacted specifically with a polypeptide of 150 kDa of molecular mass in homogenates of the digestive gland. This polypeptide was linked to cytosolic fractions isolated by differential centrifugation from mussel digestive glands. In paraffin sections the antibody labeled the digestive cells of digestive tubules, as well as the connective tissue surrounding the hemolymph vessels, gonadal follicles, digestive epithelia and certain protozoan parasites. Taken together our results suggest that in the digestive gland of bivalve molluscs XOR is involved in the metabolism of @entity2 and in the scavenging of @entity0 free radicals.

title: Seasonal variation of XXXX oxidoreductase activity in the digestive gland cells of the mussel @entity4 : a biochemical, histochemical and immunochemical study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the respective roles of the @entity8 , @entity10 and @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 with normal coronary arteries. The study population included 25 @entity0 (19 @entity0 and 6 @entity0 ) with a mean age of 52.1 +/- 11.1 years (34-76 years). The diagnosis of @entity2 was made as the finding of 2 out of 3 WHO criteria. It occurred spontaneously and was transmural in 80% of cases, inferior wall @entity7 in 9 @entity0 (36%), anterior in 12 (48%) and lateral in 4 @entity0 (16%). All @entity0 underwent investigation on average 10 days after @entity7 (1-42 days) by coronary angiography with quantitative angiography, endocoronary ultrasonography, an ergometrine provocation test for @entity10 and a @entity5 study. Coronary angiography was normal in 4 @entity0 but showed wall changes without stenosis > 50% in 20 @entity0 and one case of @entity1 . Intracoronary @entity3 was detected in 6 cases. Endocoronary ultrasonography confirmed the normality of the coronary arteries in 2 cases and showed @entity8 in 23 cases (soft @entity8 : n = 17 and hard: n = 6). It detected 66% of the coronary thrombi observed at angiography and found 3 other cases. @entity10 was verified in 10 @entity0 (40%). The coagulation study was normal in 19 @entity0 and showed increase in @entity9 in 5 @entity0 and primary @entity6 in one case. The authors conclude that coronary angiographic data is less accurate than endo-coronary ultrasonography which best shows the extent and, above all, the nature of the plaques present in 23 of the cases (92%). @entity10 may be a contributing factor in 40% of cases, in situ @entity3 in 36% of cases despite usually normal blood clotting studies. None of these abnormalities was observed in one case. The embolic cause of @entity7 was certain in 2 cases.

title: [Prospective study on the mechanism of XXXX without significant coronary stenosis].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical, electroencephalographic (EEG), and histopathologic effects of subacute electrical stimulation of the hippocampal formation or gyrus (SAHCS) on 10 @entity0 with intractable @entity2 . METHODS: Bilateral, depth, hippocampal or unilateral, subdural, basotemporal electrodes were implanted in all 10 @entity0 for a topographic diagnosis of the site and extent of the @entity1 focus before a temporal lobectomy. In all patients, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were discontinued from 48 to 72 h before a program of continuous SAHCS, which was performed for 2-3 weeks. Stimulation parameters were biphasic Lilly wave pulses, 130/s in frequency, 450 micros in duration, and 200-400 microA in amplitude. The stimuli were delivered 23 of every 24 h for the 2-3-week SAHCS period. The effects of SAHCS on the number of clinical @entity2 per day and the percentage of interictal EEG spikes per 10-second samples of maximal paroxysmal activity at the @entity1 focus were determined daily during the 16 days of SAHCS. At the completion of this program, @entity0 underwent an en bloc temporal lobectomy, and the histopathologic effects of SAHCS on the stimulated tissue were analyzed by means of light-microscopy studies. RESULTS: In seven @entity0 whose stimulation electrode contacts were placed within the hippocampal formation or gyrus and who experienced no interruption in the stimulation program, SAHCS abolished clinical @entity2 and significantly decreased the number of interictal EEG spikes at the focus after 5-6 days. The most evident and fast responses were found by stimulating either the anterior pes hippocampus close to the amygdala or the anterior parahippocampal gyrus close to the entorhinal cortex. Other surface, hippocampal, and basotemporal EEG signs predicted and accompanied this antiepileptic response. These included an electropositive DC shift and monomorphic delta activity at the medial hippocampal and parahippocampal regions, and a normalization of the background EEG activity and signs of slow-wave sleep in surface. depth, and subdural regions. In contrast, no evident antiepileptic responses or no responses at all were found in three @entity0 when stimulation was either interrupted or when it was administered outside the hippocampus. Light microscopy analysis of the stimulated hippocampal tissue showed histopathological abnormalities attributable to the depth-electrode penetration damage or to the pial surface reaction to the subdural, Silastic electrode plate. However, no evident histopathological differences were found between the stimulated and nonstimulated hippocampal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: SAHCS appears to be a safe procedure that can suppress temporal lobe epileptogenesis with no additional damage to the stimulated tissue.

title: Subacute electrical stimulation of the hippocampus blocks intractable XXXX and paroxysmal EEG activities.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The 85-kDa @entity7 ( @entity7 ) mediates agonist-induced @entity2 release in many cell models, including @entity0 peritoneal macrophages. @entity7 is regulated by an increase in intracellular @entity1 , which binds to an @entity3 -terminal C2 domain and induces its translocation to the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum. Phosphorylation of @entity7 on S505 by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) also contributes to activation. In macrophages, zymosan induces a transient increase in intracellular @entity1 and activation of MAPK, which together fully activate @entity7 and synergistically promote @entity2 release. There are alternative pathways for regulating @entity7 in macrophages because @entity5 and @entity6 induce @entity2 release without increasing @entity1 . The baculovirus expression system is a useful model to study @entity7 activation. Sf9 cells expressing @entity7 release @entity2 to either @entity4 or @entity6 . @entity7 is phosphorylated on multiple sites in Sf9 cells, and phosphorylation of S727 is preferentially induced by @entity6 . However, the phosphorylation sites are non-essential and only S505 phosphorylation partially contributes to @entity7 activation in this model. Although @entity6 does not increase intracellular @entity1 in Sf9 cells, @entity1 binding by the C2 domain is necessary for @entity2 release. @entity4 and @entity6 activate @entity7 by different mechanisms, yet both induce translocation to the nuclear envelope in Sf9 cells. The results demonstrate that alternative regulatory pathways can lead to @entity7 activation and @entity2 release.

title: Regulation of XXXX release and cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the results of a prospective randomized study concerning the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of stage III, unresectable, asymptomatic @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1992 and 1996, 240 @entity0 with stage III, unresectable, asymptomatic @entity2 were enrolled in this study, and sequentially randomized to one of the three treatment arms: conventional @entity3 , hypofractionated @entity3 and control group. In the conventional @entity3 arm (79 @entity0 ), a dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions in five weeks was delivered to the @entity1 and the mediastinum. In the hypofractionated @entity3 arm (81 @entity0 ), there were two courses of @entity3 separated by an interval of four weeks. In each series, @entity0 received 20 Gy in five fractions in five days, in the same treatment volume as the conventional @entity3 group. In the control group arm, 80 @entity0 initially did not receive radiotherapy and were only observed. Delayed @entity3 (20-25 Gy in four to five fractions in four to five days) was given to the @entity1 when major symptoms developed. RESULTS: The two-year actuarial survival rates for @entity0 in the conventional @entity3 , hypofractionated @entity3 and control group arms were 18%, 6% and 0%, with a median survival time of 12 months, nine months and six months respectively. The differences between survival rates were statistically significant at the 0.05 level. CONCLUSION: Although @entity3 provides good palliation, the results are disappointing. The comparison of conventional and hypofractionated @entity3 shows an advantage for conventional schedules.

title: [Radiotherapy for stage III, inoperable, asymptomatic small cell lung cancer. Final results of a prospective randomized study (240 XXXX )].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study explored the neural circuitry used during recall of unstructured verbal material in @entity1 @entity0 and healthy volunteer subjects. METHOD: The subjects were 13 healthy volunteers and 14 @entity1 @entity0 . All @entity0 were free of medication, and all subjects were right-handed. Two experimental cognitive conditions were used: recall of novel and practiced word lists (two 15-item lists from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test). Both active recall tasks were compared with an eyes-closed resting baseline condition. A nonparametric randomization test was used to determine within- and between-group differences in regional cerebral blood flow. RESULTS: Performance on both the practiced and novel memory tasks was nonsignificantly different in the @entity0 and control subjects. During the novel memory task, the @entity0 showed decreased flow in the right anterior cingulate, right thalamus, and bilateral cerebellum (left greater than right) relative to the control subjects. When recalling the practiced word lists, the @entity0 showed decreased flow in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral medial frontal cortex, @entity2 , left thalamus, left cerebellar regions, anterior vermis, and right cuneus. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity1 fail to activate cortical-cerebellar-thalamic-cortical circuitry during recall of both well-learned and novel word lists.

title: Recalling word lists reveals "cognitive dysmetria" in XXXX : a positron emission tomography study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infectious complications in febrile @entity7 @entity0 are still major causes of morbidity and mortality despite significant advances in diagnostic techniques and antimicrobial therapy. In this study, we describe the characteristics of @entity0 with @entity8 who were evaluated for suspected @entity5 . This study was also conducted to assess the isolation rate of bacterial and fungal causative agents in febrile @entity7 attacks. METHOD: The study was conducted at Pamukkale University Hospital, @entity4 . In order to identify the characteristics of @entity0 with @entity8 in the presence/suspicion of any accompanying @entity2 , @entity0 ' charts with @entity8 were reviewed for signs/symptoms of any @entity5 between October 1, 2001, and May 31, 2005, retrospectively. RESULTS: Overall, 90 @entity2 episodes occurred in 59 @entity0 . The most common underlying diseases were @entity9 (61.0%) and @entity6 (15.3%). The absolute neutrophil count was lower than 100/mm(3) in 33 (36.7%) episodes. Microbiologically and clinically documented infections and fever of unknown origin were observed in 35.6%, 28.9%, and 35.6% of the @entity0 , respectively. Bloodstream infections and @entity1 were detected in 21.1% and 18.9% of episodes, respectively. Gram negative organisms were most common (58.4%), followed by gram positive cocci. A combination of third generation @entity11 and an @entity10 were used in 44.4% of episodes initially. @entity3 resolved in 24.4% of episodes using the initial therapy. The mortality rate was 15.6%. CONCLUSION: These results showed that infections with gram-negative bacteria continue to predominate in febrile neutopenic episodes in our center.

title: Evaluation of febrile XXXX attacks in a tertiary care medical center in @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infectious complications in febrile @entity7 @entity0 are still major causes of morbidity and mortality despite significant advances in diagnostic techniques and antimicrobial therapy. In this study, we describe the characteristics of @entity0 with @entity8 who were evaluated for suspected @entity5 . This study was also conducted to assess the isolation rate of bacterial and fungal causative agents in febrile @entity7 attacks. METHOD: The study was conducted at Pamukkale University Hospital, @entity4 . In order to identify the characteristics of @entity0 with @entity8 in the presence/suspicion of any accompanying @entity2 , @entity0 ' charts with @entity8 were reviewed for signs/symptoms of any @entity5 between October 1, 2001, and May 31, 2005, retrospectively. RESULTS: Overall, 90 @entity2 episodes occurred in 59 @entity0 . The most common underlying diseases were @entity9 (61.0%) and @entity6 (15.3%). The absolute neutrophil count was lower than 100/mm(3) in 33 (36.7%) episodes. Microbiologically and clinically documented infections and fever of unknown origin were observed in 35.6%, 28.9%, and 35.6% of the @entity0 , respectively. Bloodstream infections and @entity1 were detected in 21.1% and 18.9% of episodes, respectively. Gram negative organisms were most common (58.4%), followed by gram positive cocci. A combination of third generation @entity11 and an @entity10 were used in 44.4% of episodes initially. @entity3 resolved in 24.4% of episodes using the initial therapy. The mortality rate was 15.6%. CONCLUSION: These results showed that infections with gram-negative bacteria continue to predominate in febrile neutopenic episodes in our center.

title: Evaluation of febrile @entity7 attacks in a tertiary care medical center in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the hypothesis that in vitro @entity3 ( @entity3 ) labeling might be superior to @entity4 immunostaining for prognostic value, because it more selectively labels cells during the S phase. METHODS: Four hundred eighty-six @entity1 with @entity0 (59% lymph node-negative, 41% lymph node-positive) surgically excised between 1988 and 1993 (median follow-up, 62 months) were evaluated for cellular proliferation using prospective in vitro @entity3 uptake assays, retrospective mitotic indices, and @entity4 labeling. RESULTS: @entity4 , @entity3 labeling, and mitotic index-derived proliferation data were highly correlated. Each was similarly associated with most other markers of prognosis, although these relationships were not identical. By univariate analysis, nodal status was the most significant prognostic variable for all @entity1 . Higher @entity3 labeling index, @entity4 immunolabeling, and mitotic index were also associated with shortened disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival for the entire @entity1 group, as well as for node-negative @entity1 . The association between cellular proliferation and survival was much weaker for node-positive @entity1 . Multivariate models confirmed that nodal status, @entity2 size, and proliferation data predicted survival in all @entity1 as well as those with node-negative disease, although @entity4 was somewhat more closely associated with outcome than mitotic index or in vitro @entity3 data. For @entity1 with T1NOMO disease (n = 172), the only significant predictors of DFS were proliferation rate (mitotic index or @entity4 ) and @entity2 grade. CONCLUSIONS: Proliferation rate predicts recurrence and survival in @entity0 . This effect is more pronounced in node-negative @entity1 . In vitro @entity3 data are not superior to @entity4 and mitotic counting.

title: Comparison of mitotic index, in vitro @entity3 labeling, and XXXX assays to quantitate proliferation in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the hypothesis that in vitro @entity3 ( @entity3 ) labeling might be superior to @entity4 immunostaining for prognostic value, because it more selectively labels cells during the S phase. METHODS: Four hundred eighty-six @entity1 with @entity0 (59% lymph node-negative, 41% lymph node-positive) surgically excised between 1988 and 1993 (median follow-up, 62 months) were evaluated for cellular proliferation using prospective in vitro @entity3 uptake assays, retrospective mitotic indices, and @entity4 labeling. RESULTS: @entity4 , @entity3 labeling, and mitotic index-derived proliferation data were highly correlated. Each was similarly associated with most other markers of prognosis, although these relationships were not identical. By univariate analysis, nodal status was the most significant prognostic variable for all @entity1 . Higher @entity3 labeling index, @entity4 immunolabeling, and mitotic index were also associated with shortened disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival for the entire @entity1 group, as well as for node-negative @entity1 . The association between cellular proliferation and survival was much weaker for node-positive @entity1 . Multivariate models confirmed that nodal status, @entity2 size, and proliferation data predicted survival in all @entity1 as well as those with node-negative disease, although @entity4 was somewhat more closely associated with outcome than mitotic index or in vitro @entity3 data. For @entity1 with T1NOMO disease (n = 172), the only significant predictors of DFS were proliferation rate (mitotic index or @entity4 ) and @entity2 grade. CONCLUSIONS: Proliferation rate predicts recurrence and survival in @entity0 . This effect is more pronounced in node-negative @entity1 . In vitro @entity3 data are not superior to @entity4 and mitotic counting.

title: Comparison of mitotic index, in vitro XXXX labeling, and @entity4 assays to quantitate proliferation in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the hypothesis that in vitro @entity3 ( @entity3 ) labeling might be superior to @entity4 immunostaining for prognostic value, because it more selectively labels cells during the S phase. METHODS: Four hundred eighty-six @entity1 with @entity0 (59% lymph node-negative, 41% lymph node-positive) surgically excised between 1988 and 1993 (median follow-up, 62 months) were evaluated for cellular proliferation using prospective in vitro @entity3 uptake assays, retrospective mitotic indices, and @entity4 labeling. RESULTS: @entity4 , @entity3 labeling, and mitotic index-derived proliferation data were highly correlated. Each was similarly associated with most other markers of prognosis, although these relationships were not identical. By univariate analysis, nodal status was the most significant prognostic variable for all @entity1 . Higher @entity3 labeling index, @entity4 immunolabeling, and mitotic index were also associated with shortened disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival for the entire @entity1 group, as well as for node-negative @entity1 . The association between cellular proliferation and survival was much weaker for node-positive @entity1 . Multivariate models confirmed that nodal status, @entity2 size, and proliferation data predicted survival in all @entity1 as well as those with node-negative disease, although @entity4 was somewhat more closely associated with outcome than mitotic index or in vitro @entity3 data. For @entity1 with T1NOMO disease (n = 172), the only significant predictors of DFS were proliferation rate (mitotic index or @entity4 ) and @entity2 grade. CONCLUSIONS: Proliferation rate predicts recurrence and survival in @entity0 . This effect is more pronounced in node-negative @entity1 . In vitro @entity3 data are not superior to @entity4 and mitotic counting.

title: Comparison of mitotic index, in vitro @entity3 labeling, and @entity4 assays to quantitate proliferation in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Continuous @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was performed for 100 @entity1 @entity0 with unresectable liver metastases in our outpatient clinic. The administration schedule was @entity3 250 mg/day for 7 days every other week. In this study, 93 cases were evaluable. The average dose of @entity3 was 24 g (3.0-66.5 g). The response rate was 59.1% (CR: 4 cases, PR: 51 cases, NC: 12 cases and @entity4 : 26 cases). The prognostic outcome was significantly prolonged in the effective cases (50% survival duration was as follows: CR: 764 days, PR: 620 days, NC: 255 days and @entity4 : 152 days). The complication rate with @entity2 was 15.1%, but nobody died from these complications. Hepatectomy after @entity2 was performed in 19 cases (20.4%) because of the effect of @entity2 . The three-year survival rate was 35.3% for @entity2 with hepatectomy and 3.8% for only @entity2 . There was statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) between these two groups. Hepatectomy after @entity2 is a new strategy for unresectable liver metastasis of @entity1 . Recently, we performed home systemic chemotherapy using @entity3 for 3 recurrent @entity0 of @entity1 and were able to continue this therapy safely for more than 2 months.

title: [Present and future of home anti-cancer chemotherapy for unresectable recurrence of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have used a high frequency epicardial echocardiographic technique to visualize and measure coronary artery lumens and walls in @entity0 undergoing cardiac surgery. A 12 MHz probe (Surgiscan, Biosound Corp.) is sterilized and placed on the exposed epicardial coronary arteries. Transverse cross-sectional views are obtained from the arteries on the anterior surface of the heart: the right coronary artery to the cardiac margin and the left anterior descending coronary artery to the cardiac apex. Numerous echocardiographic-angiographic-pathological correlations have been obtained from this work. We have validated the echocardiographic lumen and wall measurements by comparing the echo measurements to histological material from pressure-distended coronary arterial segments (from animals and fresh @entity0 autopsy specimens). We have shown by comparison with angiography that coronary arteries which appear normal or only minimally diseased by angiograms are often diffusely and severely @entity2 . We have also evaluated the shape of @entity2 and demonstrated a wide range of lumen shapes (oval, circular, complex) and location within the residual coronary lumen (eccentric vs. concentric). Highly eccentric lesions are characterized by relative preservation of portions of the arterial wall, and this may preserve vasoreactivity of the @entity2 vessel. We have also demonstrated remodeling of @entity2 : enlargement of the total arterial area (wall plus lumen) as a compensatory mechanism to preserve the arterial lumen in the face of encroaching @entity2 . High frequency epicardial echocardiography offers an accurate, real-time, in-vivo method for the anatomic and functional evaluation of @entity1 . This dynamic, in-vivo technique supports and extends information previously obtainable only from pathologic studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: What have we learned about XXXX from high-frequency epicardial echocardiography?

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To explore the feasibility and activity of a combined regimen of high-dose @entity8 and @entity6 as an alternative to current treatments for @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHOD: Forty-four @entity0 with stage IIIb or IV @entity7 , median Karnofsky index 90, were enrolled. @entity8 (60 mg/m2) was administered on days 1 and 2 and @entity6 (100 mg/m2) on day 1. Treatment was repeated every 21 days for a maximum of six cycles. A @entity12 ( @entity9 ) was used only for @entity0 reaching codified nadir count values. RESULTS: A total of 130 cycles were administered with a mean of 2.9 cycles per @entity0 . Of 41 assessable @entity0 one showed a complete response and 15 had partial responses (overall response rate, 39%). Grade 3 or 4 @entity11 and grade 3 hemoglobin @entity2 were seen in 40% and 14%, respectively, of the administered cycles. The most common nonhematologic toxic events were @entity3 and @entity4 , @entity1 , @entity5 , and @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: This @entity8 - @entity6 regimen seemed effective and was generally well tolerated, and therefore suitable for use in an outpatient setting.

title: Phase II study of the activity and tolerability of a combined regimen of high-dose XXXX and @entity6 in stage IIIb and IV @entity7 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: AIM: To explore the feasibility and activity of a combined regimen of high-dose @entity8 and @entity6 as an alternative to current treatments for @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHOD: Forty-four @entity0 with stage IIIb or IV @entity7 , median Karnofsky index 90, were enrolled. @entity8 (60 mg/m2) was administered on days 1 and 2 and @entity6 (100 mg/m2) on day 1. Treatment was repeated every 21 days for a maximum of six cycles. A @entity12 ( @entity9 ) was used only for @entity0 reaching codified nadir count values. RESULTS: A total of 130 cycles were administered with a mean of 2.9 cycles per @entity0 . Of 41 assessable @entity0 one showed a complete response and 15 had partial responses (overall response rate, 39%). Grade 3 or 4 @entity11 and grade 3 hemoglobin @entity2 were seen in 40% and 14%, respectively, of the administered cycles. The most common nonhematologic toxic events were @entity3 and @entity4 , @entity1 , @entity5 , and @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: This @entity8 - @entity6 regimen seemed effective and was generally well tolerated, and therefore suitable for use in an outpatient setting.

title: Phase II study of the activity and tolerability of a combined regimen of high-dose @entity8 and @entity6 in stage IIIb and IV XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: AIM: To explore the feasibility and activity of a combined regimen of high-dose @entity8 and @entity6 as an alternative to current treatments for @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHOD: Forty-four @entity0 with stage IIIb or IV @entity7 , median Karnofsky index 90, were enrolled. @entity8 (60 mg/m2) was administered on days 1 and 2 and @entity6 (100 mg/m2) on day 1. Treatment was repeated every 21 days for a maximum of six cycles. A @entity12 ( @entity9 ) was used only for @entity0 reaching codified nadir count values. RESULTS: A total of 130 cycles were administered with a mean of 2.9 cycles per @entity0 . Of 41 assessable @entity0 one showed a complete response and 15 had partial responses (overall response rate, 39%). Grade 3 or 4 @entity11 and grade 3 hemoglobin @entity2 were seen in 40% and 14%, respectively, of the administered cycles. The most common nonhematologic toxic events were @entity3 and @entity4 , @entity1 , @entity5 , and @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: This @entity8 - @entity6 regimen seemed effective and was generally well tolerated, and therefore suitable for use in an outpatient setting.

title: Phase II study of the activity and tolerability of a combined regimen of high-dose @entity8 and XXXX in stage IIIb and IV @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of mammography, ultrasonography (US), and both methods combined in evaluation of palpable noncalcified @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mammograms and sonograms of 200 @entity1 with palpable noncalcified breast masses were retrospectively analyzed independently by four experienced radiologists in 3 sessions: Mammography or US interpretations in the first two and combined reading in the last session. @entity3 and mammographically obvious @entity2 were excluded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed for 115 (60 benign and 55 malignant) @entity2 and subgroups according to tissue density and @entity2 size. A single ROC curve for each diagnostic test was obtained by pooling the individual ratings. The area under the ROC curve was used as a measure of diagnostic performance. RESULTS: US revealed significantly higher diagnostic performance than mammography for @entity2 larger than 2 cm. Combined reading showed significantly higher performance than mammography except for @entity2 smaller than 2 cm. The performance of all three tests was reduced in dense parenchyma, and significantly so for mammographic and combined interpretation. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of US in @entity1 with palpable mammographically noncalcified and not obviously malignant @entity0 is lower than reported for mixed sample populations. The accuracy of US may be influenced by breast parenchyma density. Combined reading offers the highest diagnostic accuracy.

title: Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in @entity1 with palpable mammographically noncalcified XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of mammography, ultrasonography (US), and both methods combined in evaluation of palpable noncalcified @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mammograms and sonograms of 200 @entity1 with palpable noncalcified breast masses were retrospectively analyzed independently by four experienced radiologists in 3 sessions: Mammography or US interpretations in the first two and combined reading in the last session. @entity3 and mammographically obvious @entity2 were excluded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed for 115 (60 benign and 55 malignant) @entity2 and subgroups according to tissue density and @entity2 size. A single ROC curve for each diagnostic test was obtained by pooling the individual ratings. The area under the ROC curve was used as a measure of diagnostic performance. RESULTS: US revealed significantly higher diagnostic performance than mammography for @entity2 larger than 2 cm. Combined reading showed significantly higher performance than mammography except for @entity2 smaller than 2 cm. The performance of all three tests was reduced in dense parenchyma, and significantly so for mammographic and combined interpretation. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of US in @entity1 with palpable mammographically noncalcified and not obviously malignant @entity0 is lower than reported for mixed sample populations. The accuracy of US may be influenced by breast parenchyma density. Combined reading offers the highest diagnostic accuracy.

title: Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in XXXX with palpable mammographically noncalcified @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Several groups have published results from clinical studies supporting the involvement of anti-modified LDL antibodies as risk factors for the initiation or progression of @entity1 . However, the data published so far are judged inconclusive because of several contradictory observations concerning the correlation between clinical evidence of @entity9 and the levels of antibodies to oxidized LDL (oxLDL Ab). We have previously reported that oxLDL Ab exist both in free form and as antigen-antibody complexes (LDL-IC) in @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The presence of LDL-IC in @entity8 @entity0 has important implications: it may interfere with the assay of oxLDL antibodies and the levels of LDL-IC may correlate better with the development of @entity9 than the levels of free oxLDL antibodies. To clarify these questions baseline samples collected from 49 @entity8 @entity0 , who subsequently developed @entity4 ( @entity4 ) during an 8-year follow-up period, were compared to baseline samples from 49 age-, sex-, and duration-matched control @entity8 subjects who remained free of clinical @entity4 during an identical follow-up period. The levels of free oxLDL antibody were significantly lower in the @entity0 who developed @entity4 . The same @entity0 had significantly higher concentrations of total @entity3 , @entity5 , and IgA in immune complex-enriched @entity6 ( @entity7 ) precipitates. The concentration of IgG was also higher in @entity7 precipitates from @entity0 who developed @entity4 , but did not reach statistical significance. This indicates that @entity0 who develop @entity4 had higher levels of circulating LDL-IC, a fact that could not be deduced from the measurement of free oxLDL antibody concentrations. A linear regression analysis of the correlation between the concentrations of total @entity3 in @entity7 precipitates, taken as a surrogate measurement of @entity7 -precipitated oxLDL-IC, and the concentration of free oxLDL antibody in serum showed a statistically significant negative correlation (r = -0.229, P = 0. 024). Our results support the conclusion that oxLDL-IC may be a risk factor for the development of @entity2 in @entity8 @entity0 . We also have demonstrated that circulating oxLDL-IC interfere with the assay of free oxLDL antibodies.

title: Antibodies to oxidized LDL and LDL-containing immune complexes as risk factors for XXXX in diabetes mellitus.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Several factors lead to a higher number of female @entity0 with @entity1 , and thus prevention and treatment are of particular concern to @entity0 . Given the slow development of histopathological alterations in @entity1 , prevention should start early in life. Several lines of evidence document in vitro and in vivo a protective effect of @entity2 on neurons. @entity0 substitute @entity2 during the immediate postmenopausal years, and this offers a natural experiment for testing the preventive action of @entity2 against @entity1 . Case control studies and cohort studies support a general protective effect of hormone (i.e. @entity2 ) replacement therapy (HRT). Short-term and small-scale intervention trials in @entity0 with @entity1 show positive results. However, it is not clear to what extent cognition is improved by the known effects of @entity2 on mood and behavioural symptoms. More studies are needed to establish the value of @entity2 replacement therapy in primary and secondary prevention of @entity1 . At present, @entity2 can be recommended in @entity0 at risk for @entity1 and as adjuvant therapy in mild early @entity1 .

title: [Estrogens and XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: For many years, surgery has been the standard treatment for @entity0 with early-stage @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Recent randomized trials demonstrated that @entity4 -based adjuvant chemotherapy increases overall survival. The aim of this study was to analyze the precise use of adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity0 with resected @entity5 in routine practice. @entity0 AND METHODS: Between January 2004 and May 2005, we retrospectively analyzed 219 @entity0 with early-stage @entity5 who had undergone surgery at one major surgical center in Paris, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris. @entity0 characteristics, the type of surgery, and indications for adjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighty-seven of the 219 @entity0 (40%) in this study had been treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Different factors were associated with doctors not prescribing this treatment: age, comorbidity, @entity2 , node, @entity1 stage, and @entity3 . More than eight different @entity4 -based regimens were used, highlighting considerable heterogeneity in the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in daily practice. There is an increase of adjuvant chemotherapy during the study period. CONCLUSION: @entity4 -based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for @entity0 with resected stage II and IIIA @entity5 . However, such therapy is used quite heterogeneously in daily practice and specific regimens, and the percentage of @entity0 receiving adjuvant chemotherapy vary from standard recommendations. A prospective follow-up of daily practice regarding the use of adjuvant chemotherapy is warranted.

title: Use of adjuvant chemotherapy in XXXX in routine practice.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This phase 1 study was conducted to determine the recommended phase 2 dose of the selective insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor ( @entity10 ) inhibitor figitumumab (F, CP-751,871) given in combination with @entity8 and @entity11 in @entity0 with advanced solid @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 received @entity8 200 mg/m2, @entity11 (area under the curve of 6), and F (0.05-20 mg/kg) q3 weeks for up to six cycles. @entity0 with objective response or stable disease were eligible to receive additional cycles of single agent F until disease progression. Safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic endpoints were investigated. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity0 , including 35 with stages IIIB and IV @entity6 ( @entity6 ), were enrolled in eight dose escalation cohorts. A maximum tolerated dose was not identified. Severe adverse events possibly related to F included @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity12 , gamma @entity13 transpeptidase elevation, and @entity5 (one case each). F plasma exposure parameters increased with dose. Fifteen objective responses (RECIST) were reported, including two complete responses in @entity2 . Notably, levels of bioactive @entity4 seemed to influence response to treatment with objective responses in @entity0 with a high baseline-free @entity4 to @entity9 ratio seen only in the 10 and 20 mg/kg dosing cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: F was well tolerated in combination with @entity8 and @entity11 . Based on its favorable safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties, the maximal feasible dose of 20 mg/kg has been selected for further investigation.

title: Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor inhibitor figitumumab (CP-751,871) in combination with @entity8 and XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This phase 1 study was conducted to determine the recommended phase 2 dose of the selective insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor ( @entity10 ) inhibitor figitumumab (F, CP-751,871) given in combination with @entity8 and @entity11 in @entity0 with advanced solid @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 received @entity8 200 mg/m2, @entity11 (area under the curve of 6), and F (0.05-20 mg/kg) q3 weeks for up to six cycles. @entity0 with objective response or stable disease were eligible to receive additional cycles of single agent F until disease progression. Safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic endpoints were investigated. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity0 , including 35 with stages IIIB and IV @entity6 ( @entity6 ), were enrolled in eight dose escalation cohorts. A maximum tolerated dose was not identified. Severe adverse events possibly related to F included @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity12 , gamma @entity13 transpeptidase elevation, and @entity5 (one case each). F plasma exposure parameters increased with dose. Fifteen objective responses (RECIST) were reported, including two complete responses in @entity2 . Notably, levels of bioactive @entity4 seemed to influence response to treatment with objective responses in @entity0 with a high baseline-free @entity4 to @entity9 ratio seen only in the 10 and 20 mg/kg dosing cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: F was well tolerated in combination with @entity8 and @entity11 . Based on its favorable safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties, the maximal feasible dose of 20 mg/kg has been selected for further investigation.

title: Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor inhibitor figitumumab (CP-751,871) in combination with XXXX and @entity11 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Carinal resection and reconstruction is technically demanding. The aim of this study is to discuss the clinical value of carinoplasty in the surgical treatment of @entity3 involving carina. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1982 to 2006, 41 cases of centrally placed @entity3 invading the carina were treated with carinal resection and reconstruction in our hospital. Among the 41 @entity0 , 25 @entity0 simultaneously underwent additional cardiovascular plasty operations besides carinoplasty. There were 12 different types of carinal resection and reconstruction in our group. RESULTS: In this group, there was one perioperative @entity5 due to @entity7 . This @entity0 died 2 weeks postoperatively. @entity9 occurred in 12 @entity0 , @entity8 in eight @entity0 , and @entity2 in five @entity0 . Five @entity0 had to be assisted with mechanical ventilation because of @entity4 . @entity6 stenoses were found in three @entity0 3 to 6 months postoperatively and were resolved by stent insertion. Thirty-one @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity1 recurrences after operations. Progression-free survival was 75.6% at 1 year, 43.9% at 3 years, and 22.0% at 5 years; the overall actuarial survival was 75.6% at 1 year, 46.3% at 3 years, and 26.8% at 5 years. Survival was better in @entity0 with N0-1 disease than those with N2 disease (37.0% versus 7.1% at 5 years). CONCLUSION: Carinoplasty for @entity3 involving carina is feasible with acceptable morbidity and mortality if @entity0 are selected carefully. Preoperative evaluation of the mediastinum is crucial for treatment selection.

title: Carinal resection and reconstruction in surgical treatment of XXXX with carinal involvement.

answer: @entity3