abstract: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated from 22 @entity1 obtained from 15 @entity0 with @entity3 . In 18 of the 22 @entity1 , a substantial number of lymphocytes was isolated with an average lymphoid cell: @entity1 cell ratio of 1.26. The TIL were predominantly @entity2 /suppressor T-lymphocytes with an average of 87% Leu4+, 61% Leu2a+, and 18% Leu3a+ cells. There were less than 2% natural killer cells, B-cells, or macrophages. An average of 3.8% (range, less than 0.1 to 8.6%) of freshly isolated TIL bound to @entity1 cells. Prior to culture, none of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was @entity2 as judged by @entity5 exclusion. The frequency of @entity1 increased to 11.6% after 2 days of culture, and 10% of these @entity1 developed @entity2 activity. When @entity4 was added to cultures, the frequency of @entity1 increased, and the frequency of @entity2 @entity1 was 2-fold higher compared to control cultures. After 10 days of culture with @entity4 , TIL increased in number with a concomitant disappearance of @entity1 cells, whereas there were severe decreases of lymphocytes and no decrease of @entity1 cells in control cultures. TIL were cultured for 8 to 10 days with recombinant @entity4 and tested for @entity2 against @entity1 cells and K562 targets in a 4-h 51Cr release assay. @entity6 -cultured TIL from all nine @entity0 tested exhibited the highest levels of lysis against @entity1 cells. Of the nine TIL samples, five exhibited an apparent specificity for autologous @entity3 , while four specimens killed both allogenic and autologous @entity3 . The ability of TIL to kill K562 targets appeared to parallel the ability to kill allogenic targets. For comparison, recombinant @entity4 -cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same @entity0 were assayed for @entity2 activity against @entity3 . Unlike some TIL, none of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited specificity for @entity1 cells. In summary, TIL isolated from @entity3 @entity0 were predominantly @entity2 T-lymphocytes with the ability to recognize and kill @entity1 cells after in vitro culture; @entity4 induced proliferation of TIL and augmented their @entity2 activity such that they eliminated @entity1 cells.

title: XXXX activation of @entity2 T-lymphocytes infiltrating into @entity0 metastatic @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated from 22 @entity1 obtained from 15 @entity0 with @entity3 . In 18 of the 22 @entity1 , a substantial number of lymphocytes was isolated with an average lymphoid cell: @entity1 cell ratio of 1.26. The TIL were predominantly @entity2 /suppressor T-lymphocytes with an average of 87% Leu4+, 61% Leu2a+, and 18% Leu3a+ cells. There were less than 2% natural killer cells, B-cells, or macrophages. An average of 3.8% (range, less than 0.1 to 8.6%) of freshly isolated TIL bound to @entity1 cells. Prior to culture, none of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was @entity2 as judged by @entity5 exclusion. The frequency of @entity1 increased to 11.6% after 2 days of culture, and 10% of these @entity1 developed @entity2 activity. When @entity4 was added to cultures, the frequency of @entity1 increased, and the frequency of @entity2 @entity1 was 2-fold higher compared to control cultures. After 10 days of culture with @entity4 , TIL increased in number with a concomitant disappearance of @entity1 cells, whereas there were severe decreases of lymphocytes and no decrease of @entity1 cells in control cultures. TIL were cultured for 8 to 10 days with recombinant @entity4 and tested for @entity2 against @entity1 cells and K562 targets in a 4-h 51Cr release assay. @entity6 -cultured TIL from all nine @entity0 tested exhibited the highest levels of lysis against @entity1 cells. Of the nine TIL samples, five exhibited an apparent specificity for autologous @entity3 , while four specimens killed both allogenic and autologous @entity3 . The ability of TIL to kill K562 targets appeared to parallel the ability to kill allogenic targets. For comparison, recombinant @entity4 -cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same @entity0 were assayed for @entity2 activity against @entity3 . Unlike some TIL, none of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited specificity for @entity1 cells. In summary, TIL isolated from @entity3 @entity0 were predominantly @entity2 T-lymphocytes with the ability to recognize and kill @entity1 cells after in vitro culture; @entity4 induced proliferation of TIL and augmented their @entity2 activity such that they eliminated @entity1 cells.

title: @entity4 activation of @entity2 T-lymphocytes infiltrating into @entity0 metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated from 22 @entity1 obtained from 15 @entity0 with @entity3 . In 18 of the 22 @entity1 , a substantial number of lymphocytes was isolated with an average lymphoid cell: @entity1 cell ratio of 1.26. The TIL were predominantly @entity2 /suppressor T-lymphocytes with an average of 87% Leu4+, 61% Leu2a+, and 18% Leu3a+ cells. There were less than 2% natural killer cells, B-cells, or macrophages. An average of 3.8% (range, less than 0.1 to 8.6%) of freshly isolated TIL bound to @entity1 cells. Prior to culture, none of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was @entity2 as judged by @entity5 exclusion. The frequency of @entity1 increased to 11.6% after 2 days of culture, and 10% of these @entity1 developed @entity2 activity. When @entity4 was added to cultures, the frequency of @entity1 increased, and the frequency of @entity2 @entity1 was 2-fold higher compared to control cultures. After 10 days of culture with @entity4 , TIL increased in number with a concomitant disappearance of @entity1 cells, whereas there were severe decreases of lymphocytes and no decrease of @entity1 cells in control cultures. TIL were cultured for 8 to 10 days with recombinant @entity4 and tested for @entity2 against @entity1 cells and K562 targets in a 4-h 51Cr release assay. @entity6 -cultured TIL from all nine @entity0 tested exhibited the highest levels of lysis against @entity1 cells. Of the nine TIL samples, five exhibited an apparent specificity for autologous @entity3 , while four specimens killed both allogenic and autologous @entity3 . The ability of TIL to kill K562 targets appeared to parallel the ability to kill allogenic targets. For comparison, recombinant @entity4 -cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same @entity0 were assayed for @entity2 activity against @entity3 . Unlike some TIL, none of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited specificity for @entity1 cells. In summary, TIL isolated from @entity3 @entity0 were predominantly @entity2 T-lymphocytes with the ability to recognize and kill @entity1 cells after in vitro culture; @entity4 induced proliferation of TIL and augmented their @entity2 activity such that they eliminated @entity1 cells.

title: @entity4 activation of @entity2 T-lymphocytes infiltrating into XXXX metastatic @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is the leading cause of @entity1 deaths in the general population in Chile, with mortality rates as high as 33.7 per 105 in males in the IX region. A chain of genetic and morphological events precedes the intestinal type of @entity5 . One of them is the called multifocal @entity7 often associated with intestinal metaplasia. AIM: To study the frequency of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and loss of heterocigozity (LOH) in neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of @entity5 , especially intestinal metaplasia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety four @entity5 biopsies were studied using laser capture microdissection, to obtain well defined cell populations from paraffin-embedded tissues: lymphocytes (control DNA), intestinal metaplasia and @entity5 areas. Primer flanking microsatellite 15 highly polymorphic regions were used to study @entity4 and LOH. Radioactive PCR products were electrophoresed and exposed for autoradiography. RESULTS: LOH was observed in 83% of @entity5 and in 54% areas containing intestinal metaplasia. The most commonly altered regions were the CA repeat associated with the @entity6 gene and the 3p21 region. High grade @entity4 was observed in 11.7% of @entity5 preparations and 17% of intestinal metaplasia associated to @entity1 with @entity4 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 and LOH were frequently observed in intestinal metaplasia glands in @entity0 with @entity5 . The frequency of @entity4 phenotype in gastric @entity0 was slightly lower than the one described in sporadic @entity2 not associated to HNPCC. The high incidence of @entity3 in intestinal metaplasia area, support the idea that intestinal metaplasia is a genetically highly unstable cell population.

title: [ XXXX and loss of heterozygosity in neoplastic and preneoplastic gastric lesions].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a heterogeneous group of disorders, clinically, immunologically, and pathologically. @entity4 of a B cell phenotype (B- @entity4 ) is the least common. We have studied ten adult @entity0 with B- @entity4 , none of whom had a @entity1 mass. The median age was 56 years (range, 30 to 90). A history of an altered immune state was noted in four cases: a distant history of @entity6 in one, pregnancy in one, and @entity2 in two. Two @entity0 presented with CNS involvement, and in two additional @entity0 @entity5 developed during the course of disease. By the French-American-British (FAB) classification system, L3 leukemic morphology was present in nine, whereas L2 was present in one. Circulating @entity5 varied from less than 500/dL to greater than 15,000/dL. Eight @entity0 were @entity3 , and eight were anemic at presentation. Immunologic marker studies on @entity5 revealed monoclonal kappa light chain marking in nine and monoclonal lambda in one. Following chemotherapy, complete remission was achieved in three @entity0 , two of whom experienced relapse within 9 months. The median survival for the group was 3 months, and only one @entity0 experienced long-term, disease-free survival. We conclude that B- @entity4 in the adult presents with the classic L3 morphologic picture in the majority and is associated with extremely short survival.

title: B cell XXXX in adults. Clinical, morphologic, and immunologic findings.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is common in western society. Prompt endoscopy is imperative in all @entity0 with sinister symptoms or if symptoms first appear after the age of 50-55 years, but the optimal management of younger @entity0 with @entity2 is still open to debate. METHODS: The literature on the management of @entity2 is reviewed and a personal view is presented. RESULTS: Strategies based on non-invasive detection of @entity1 are probably the most cost-effective. Currently ( @entity1 prevalence 30%-40%), a 'test and treat' approach using a non-invasive test to detect @entity1 is likely to be the most efficient first step. If the @entity0 is @entity1 -negative or if symptoms persist after successful @entity1 eradication, empirical treatment with an anti-secretory drug is justified. Endoscopy is reserved for those @entity0 in whom this approach fails. If the prevalence of @entity1 decreases, the positive predictive value of any non-invasive @entity1 test will become too low. A 'test and scope' approach in which a positive test can be confirmed by two or more biopsy-based tests is then more appropriate. At a very low prevalence of @entity1 in the dyspeptic population, non-invasive testing for @entity1 loses its significance and empirical treatment with an antisecretory drug becomes a rational first step. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal approach to management of @entity2 is dependent on the prevalence of @entity1 among the dyspeptic population. At the current prevalence rate, 'test and treat', followed by acid suppressive treatment in the case of persisting symptoms, is the most appropriate strategy.

title: XXXX management in primary care.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the significance of recurrent pregnancies for the progression of @entity4 as well as the glycemic level and the occurrence of @entity3 in consecutive pregnancies of the same Type 1 @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: A retrospective population-based birth cohort from the years 1986-95, comprising data of all (n = 210) Type 1 @entity1 mothers and their 296 births in a geographically defined catchment area. Of the 125 primiparous @entity0 , 46 had their first two pregnancies during the study period. The courses of their first and second pregnancies were compared to determine the level of glycemic control and the occurrence and recurrence of complications, such as @entity3 and aggravated @entity2 . The characteristics of the 53 @entity0 who remained primiparous were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity2 was aggravated more often during the first pregnancy (95% CI 0.1-1.0), but its incidence did not increase further by the beginning of the second pregnancy. @entity3 complicated 16.9% of all pregnancies: it was more common during the first than second pregnancy (95% CI 0.3-1.5) and its occurrence increased with the increasing severity of @entity1 . Glycemic control was better in the second pregnancy, including both the periconceptional period (95% CI 0.7-2.8) and the later stages of pregnancy (95% CI 1.1-4.7). The @entity0 in the White classes F/R most often remained primiparous. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 was aggravated most often during the first pregnancy, but its infrequent occurrence in the second pregnancy reflects the reversible nature of these changes. The significance of the past pregnancy experience contributed to the increased tendency for optimal glycemic control in the second pregnancy.

title: Are recurrent pregnancies a risk in XXXX ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 with @entity1 face difficult choices when selecting a therapy for @entity1 . Comparative data from controlled studies are lacking and clinical opinions diverge about the benefits and harms of treatment options. Consequently, there is limited guidance for @entity0 regarding the impact of treatment decisions on quality of life. There are opportunities for public health to intervene at several decision-making points. Information on typical quality of life outcomes associated with specific @entity1 treatments could help @entity0 select treatment options. From 2003 to present, the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at CDC has supported projects to explore @entity0 information-seeking behavior post-diagnosis, caregiver and provider involvement in treatment decision making, and @entity0 quality of life following @entity1 treatment. CDC's work also includes research that explores barriers and facilitators to the presentation of active surveillance as a viable treatment option and promotes equal access to information for @entity0 and their caregivers. This article provides an overview of the literature and considerations that initiated establishing a prospective public health research agenda around treatment decision making. Insights gathered from CDC-supported studies are poised to enhance understanding of the process of shared decision making and the influence of @entity0 , caregiver, and provider preferences on the selection of treatment choices. These findings provide guidance about attributes that maximize @entity0 experiences in survivorship, including optimal quality of life and @entity0 and caregiver satisfaction with information, treatment decisions, and subsequent care.

title: Evolution of a CDC Public Health Research Agenda for Low-Risk XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study reports a 4 year experience using CT for preoperative staging and for evaluation of @entity0 with @entity1 after surgery. All @entity0 were evaluated on a GE 8800 scanner using 1 cm contiguous slices. Only 15 of the 25 preoperative @entity0 were staged correctly. The other 10 @entity0 were understaged by CT. The accuracy of detecting local invasion was 70%, but only seven (35%) of 20 @entity0 had accurate assessment of lymph nodes. The overall accuracy of CT staging in the 46 postoperative @entity0 was 87%, with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 72%. Most recurrences were found in the pelvis; 16 @entity0 had liver metastases, and metastatic disease obstructing the ureters was detected in eight @entity0 . On the basis of these results, it was concluded that CT should not be used routinely to preoperatively stage @entity0 with @entity1 . However, all @entity0 who have undergone resection for @entity1 should have aggressive CT evaluation including a baseline study at 2-4 months and then follow-up studies at every 6 months for at least 2 years. All new or enlarging masses should have CT-guided biopsies. This approach may prolong survival by detecting early asymptomatic recurrences.

title: Preoperative and postoperative CT staging of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The development of @entity4 in the portal bed of cirrhotic @entity0 presents special problems in diagnosis and treatment. In the cirrhotic population treated for portal @entity1 at our Surgical Department during the period 1967-1983 (512 @entity0 ), the incidence of @entity4 in the portal bed was 16.6% (85 @entity0 ). Bleeding was the main presenting symptom (70/85), with a mean of four episodes prior to treatment. Careful angiographic studies and intraoperative evaluation are fundamental steps to determine the exact anatomical involvement, the presence of recanalized veins or fresh occluding clots, and the applicability of shunt procedures. A massive portosplenomesenteric involvement often associated with poor surgical possibilities was found in 19 @entity0 (22.3%). The presence of partially recanalized veins and fresh occluding clot suitable for disobliterative techniques prior to shunt was found in 16 @entity0 , and out of 73 operated @entity0 a total of 55 shunt procedures could be performed. Fifty-three @entity0 who bled from varices could be followed up to 5 years: 39 underwent a shunt procedure with a 51.2% 5-year survival rate, while only one of 14 nonshunted or nonoperated survived up to 3 years, and a lethal @entity3 was the cause of @entity2 in all but one. Disobliterative techniques (Fogarty thrombectomy and endovenectomy of intimal fibrotic thickenings) prior to shunting provided a good long-term patency rate with a 50% protection from lethal @entity3 recurrences. Nonshunt procedures and the extensive involvement of the portal bed are associated with bad prognosis. Also, endoscopic sclerotherapy, attempted in @entity0 with massive @entity4 , could not prevent recurrences and @entity2 from @entity3 . Despite a 30% failure rate in our study, shunting surgery should be considered the only therapeutical possibility of preventing further @entity4 and consequent life threatening @entity3 episodes.

title: XXXX in cirrhotics. A retrospective analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis is an effective treatment option for @entity0 with severe @entity2 not adequately responding to diet and drug therapy. Membrane differential filtration (MDF), synonymous with double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), here named Lipidfiltration, and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are two of the five methods available for extracorporeal LDL apheresis. In this prospective investigation 6 @entity0 with severe LDL- @entity2 and CAD were treated in a cross-over design with Lipidfiltration at two stages of technical development and @entity4 to compare the efficacy of these two LDL apheresis methods with respect to lowering and modifying plasma lipids and rheologically relevant plasma proteins, especially fibrinogen. In total, 44 LDL apheresis sessions were investigated. In weekly intervals, @entity0 were treated with consecutive LDL apheresis sessions with either Lipidfiltration and @entity4 , treating identical plasma volumes. In one part of the investigation Lipidfiltration was performed with the novel Lipidfilter EC-50, combined with a newly developed blood and plasma therapy machine allowing optimized plasma heating. The results showed that the reduction rates of LDL- @entity1 , lipoprotein(a) and @entity3 were essentially identical for both methods. Also pretreatment levels of total @entity1 , @entity3 , LDL- @entity1 and HDL- @entity1 were not significantly different in both treatment groups. Both methods lead to a significant reduction of serum lipoproteins, especially for LDL- @entity1 , which was decreased by 61.4% with Lipidfiltration (treated plasma volume: 2998 ml) and 61.3% with @entity4 (treated plasma volume: 3013 ml). With respect to Lipidfiltration LDL- @entity1 reduction was more efficient with the novel Lipidfilter EC-50. Mean pretreatment HDL @entity1 concentrations remained unchanged. Comparing Cascadeflo AC-1770 with the novel Lipidfilter EC-50 reduction rates of HDL- @entity1 (17.4% versus 6.4%) and total protein (17.9% versus 7.8%) were significantly reduced. Lipidfiltration and @entity4 both resulted in a reduction of plasma viscosity and hemorheologically relevant plasma proteins, like fibrinogen.

title: Intraindividual comparison of two extracorporeal LDL apheresis methods: lipidfiltration and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we evaluated the effects of @entity5 therapy in association with preoperative @entity4 agonist (GnRHa) therapy on the reduction of @entity2 volume. Twenty @entity0 with @entity2 uteri were divided into two groups. Group I was given monthly @entity6 (3.75 mg every 28 days IM) treatment for six months. As for group II, @entity5 was added on to this treatment. For all of the @entity0 , physical examinations, pelvic ultrasonography, and hormone analyses were carried out and the @entity2 volume was measured by ultrasonography. The @entity0 were called every month and physical examination, ultrasonography and hormone analyses were repeated. Side-effects were recorded. The SPSS/PC 6.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was defined as a p < 0.05. The results are expressed as means +/- SD. While the average volume of @entity2 was 72.97 +/- 68.5 cm3 in group I, 78.83 +/- 74.1 cm3 in group II before treatment; it was reduced to 29.91 +/- 27.8 cm3 in group I at the end of six months of treatment. Reductions of 59.6% in group I and 63.9% in group II were determined, however the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). At the beginning the level of serum @entity1 was 65.4 +/- 22.3 pg/ml in group I which decreased to 37.2 +/- 4.2 pg/ml by the end of the first month. @entity3 occurred in six @entity0 after the second injection and four @entity0 after the third injection in group I. Whereas the level of @entity1 was 60.9 +/- 19.5 pg/ml in group II at the beginning, it was reduced to 40.5 +/- 6.2 pg/ml by the end of the first month. @entity3 occurred in four @entity0 after the second injection and four @entity0 after the third injection in group II. In group I the @entity0 had the problem of flushing (80%), vaginal dryness (50%), and night sweats (30%). In group II these rates were 30%, 20%, and 20%, respectively. @entity6 is a GnRHa which has been found to be effective in reducing @entity2 volume, but this effect could not be deactivated with @entity5 . However, a decrease was observed in the side-effects resulting from hypoestrogenism.

title: The effects of add-back therapy with @entity5 on XXXX uteri.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we evaluated the effects of @entity5 therapy in association with preoperative @entity4 agonist (GnRHa) therapy on the reduction of @entity2 volume. Twenty @entity0 with @entity2 uteri were divided into two groups. Group I was given monthly @entity6 (3.75 mg every 28 days IM) treatment for six months. As for group II, @entity5 was added on to this treatment. For all of the @entity0 , physical examinations, pelvic ultrasonography, and hormone analyses were carried out and the @entity2 volume was measured by ultrasonography. The @entity0 were called every month and physical examination, ultrasonography and hormone analyses were repeated. Side-effects were recorded. The SPSS/PC 6.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was defined as a p < 0.05. The results are expressed as means +/- SD. While the average volume of @entity2 was 72.97 +/- 68.5 cm3 in group I, 78.83 +/- 74.1 cm3 in group II before treatment; it was reduced to 29.91 +/- 27.8 cm3 in group I at the end of six months of treatment. Reductions of 59.6% in group I and 63.9% in group II were determined, however the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). At the beginning the level of serum @entity1 was 65.4 +/- 22.3 pg/ml in group I which decreased to 37.2 +/- 4.2 pg/ml by the end of the first month. @entity3 occurred in six @entity0 after the second injection and four @entity0 after the third injection in group I. Whereas the level of @entity1 was 60.9 +/- 19.5 pg/ml in group II at the beginning, it was reduced to 40.5 +/- 6.2 pg/ml by the end of the first month. @entity3 occurred in four @entity0 after the second injection and four @entity0 after the third injection in group II. In group I the @entity0 had the problem of flushing (80%), vaginal dryness (50%), and night sweats (30%). In group II these rates were 30%, 20%, and 20%, respectively. @entity6 is a GnRHa which has been found to be effective in reducing @entity2 volume, but this effect could not be deactivated with @entity5 . However, a decrease was observed in the side-effects resulting from hypoestrogenism.

title: The effects of add-back therapy with XXXX on @entity2 uteri.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: There continues to be considerable interest in the use of decompressive hemicraniectomy in the management of @entity1 ; however, concerns remain about long-term outcome. OBJECTIVE: To assess opinion on consent and acceptable outcome among a wide range of healthcare workers. METHODS: Seven hundred seventy-three healthcare workers at the 2 major public neurosurgical centers in Western Australia participated. @entity0 were asked to record their opinion on consent and acceptable outcome based on the @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The evidence for clinical efficacy of the procedure was presented, and @entity0 were then asked to reconsider their initial responses. RESULTS: Of the 773 @entity0 included in the study, 407 (52.7%) initially felt that they would provide consent for a decompressive craniectomy as a lifesaving procedure, but only a minority of them considered an @entity2 score of 4 or 5 an acceptable outcome (for @entity2 score  <=4, n = 67, 8.7%; for @entity2 score = 4, n = 57, 7.4%). After the introduction of the concept of the disability paradox and the evidence for the clinical efficacy of decompressive craniectomy, more @entity0 were unwilling to accept decompressive craniectomy (18.1% vs 37.8%), but at the same time, more were willing to accept an @entity2 score  <=4 as an acceptable outcome (for @entity2 score  <=4, n = 92, 11.9%; for @entity2 score = 4, n = 79, 10.2%). CONCLUSION: Most @entity0 felt survival with dependency to be unacceptable. However, many would be willing to provide consent for surgery in the hopes that they may survive with some degree of independence. ABBREVIATIONS: DESTINY, Decompressive Surgery for the Treatment of Malignant Infarction of the Middle Cerebral ArterymRS, modified Rankin Scale.

title: ORACLE Stroke Study: Opinion Regarding Acceptable Outcome Following Decompressive Hemicraniectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: From December, 1977, through September, 1984, 100 consecutive @entity0 had ventricular aneurysmectomy during hypothermic @entity9 without @entity4 . In the series were 83 @entity0 and 17 @entity0 , mean age 57.2 years. Primary indications for operation were angina pectoris in 42 @entity0 , @entity7 in 23, angina plus congestive failure in 22, and @entity2 in 13. Emergency operation was required for 13 @entity0 with an intra-aortic balloon pump. Mean New York Heart Association Class was 3.1. Mean left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 19.5 mm Hg, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.37. Concomitant coronary artery grafting was performed in 97 @entity0 (mean 3.2 grafts/ @entity0 ). Pressor agents were used in 21 @entity0 and an intra-aortic balloon pump in two @entity0 . Perioperative @entity6 was documented in one @entity0 (1%). There were two hospital deaths (2%), both in @entity0 with @entity2 . At late follow-up (mean 38.5 months), 13 additional @entity0 (13.3%) had died. Actuarial survival rate at 73 months was 77.0%. Survival rate was better for 93 @entity0 with anterior @entity5 if the left anterior descending and/or diagonal coronary arteries were grafted with aneurysmectomy (p less than 0.03). Although only @entity8 predicted @entity3 (p less than 0.03), ejection fraction (p less than 0.01) and @entity8 (p = 0.03) predicted @entity3 . @entity1 during hypothermic @entity9 without @entity4 can be performed with low hospital mortality and good long-term results. When possible, left anterior descending and/or diagonal coronary arteries should be grafted when anterior @entity5 are resected.

title: Resection of left ventricular aneurysm during hypothermic XXXX without @entity4 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: From December, 1977, through September, 1984, 100 consecutive @entity0 had ventricular aneurysmectomy during hypothermic @entity9 without @entity4 . In the series were 83 @entity0 and 17 @entity0 , mean age 57.2 years. Primary indications for operation were angina pectoris in 42 @entity0 , @entity7 in 23, angina plus congestive failure in 22, and @entity2 in 13. Emergency operation was required for 13 @entity0 with an intra-aortic balloon pump. Mean New York Heart Association Class was 3.1. Mean left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 19.5 mm Hg, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.37. Concomitant coronary artery grafting was performed in 97 @entity0 (mean 3.2 grafts/ @entity0 ). Pressor agents were used in 21 @entity0 and an intra-aortic balloon pump in two @entity0 . Perioperative @entity6 was documented in one @entity0 (1%). There were two hospital deaths (2%), both in @entity0 with @entity2 . At late follow-up (mean 38.5 months), 13 additional @entity0 (13.3%) had died. Actuarial survival rate at 73 months was 77.0%. Survival rate was better for 93 @entity0 with anterior @entity5 if the left anterior descending and/or diagonal coronary arteries were grafted with aneurysmectomy (p less than 0.03). Although only @entity8 predicted @entity3 (p less than 0.03), ejection fraction (p less than 0.01) and @entity8 (p = 0.03) predicted @entity3 . @entity1 during hypothermic @entity9 without @entity4 can be performed with low hospital mortality and good long-term results. When possible, left anterior descending and/or diagonal coronary arteries should be grafted when anterior @entity5 are resected.

title: Resection of left ventricular aneurysm during hypothermic @entity9 without XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Methylation of @entity0 receptor a by the histone @entity2 methyltransferase SMYD2 regulates ERa chromatin recruitment and its target gene expression. This protocol describes SMYD2 purification and crystallization of SMYD2 in complex with an ERa peptide. Recombinant SMYD2 is overexpressed in @entity3 cells. After release from the cells by French Press, SMYD2 is purified to apparent homogeneity with multiple chromatography methods. Nickel affinity column purifies SMYD2 based on specific interaction of its 6*His tag with the bead-immobilized @entity5 ions. Desalting column is used for protein buffer exchange. Gel filtration column purifies SMYD2 based on molecular size. The entire purification process is monitored and analyzed by @entity1 - @entity4 gel electrophoresis. Crystallization of SMYD2 is performed with the hanging drop vapor diffusion method. Crystals of the SMYD2-ERa peptide complex are obtained by microseeding using seeding bead. This method can give rise to large size of crystals which are suitable for X-ray diffraction data collection. X-ray crystallographic study of the SMYD2-ERa complex can provide structural insight into posttranslational regulation of ERa signaling.

title: Purification of Histone @entity2 Methyltransferase SMYD2 and Co-Crystallization with a Target Peptide from XXXX Receptor a.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Methylation of @entity0 receptor a by the histone @entity2 methyltransferase SMYD2 regulates ERa chromatin recruitment and its target gene expression. This protocol describes SMYD2 purification and crystallization of SMYD2 in complex with an ERa peptide. Recombinant SMYD2 is overexpressed in @entity3 cells. After release from the cells by French Press, SMYD2 is purified to apparent homogeneity with multiple chromatography methods. Nickel affinity column purifies SMYD2 based on specific interaction of its 6*His tag with the bead-immobilized @entity5 ions. Desalting column is used for protein buffer exchange. Gel filtration column purifies SMYD2 based on molecular size. The entire purification process is monitored and analyzed by @entity1 - @entity4 gel electrophoresis. Crystallization of SMYD2 is performed with the hanging drop vapor diffusion method. Crystals of the SMYD2-ERa peptide complex are obtained by microseeding using seeding bead. This method can give rise to large size of crystals which are suitable for X-ray diffraction data collection. X-ray crystallographic study of the SMYD2-ERa complex can provide structural insight into posttranslational regulation of ERa signaling.

title: Purification of Histone XXXX Methyltransferase SMYD2 and Co-Crystallization with a Target Peptide from @entity0 Receptor a.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Severe arterial @entity1 is defined as a systolic blood pressure (BP) >= 180 mmHg and/or a diastolic BP >=  110 mmHg. Initial assessment is to identify acute, ongoing, target-organ damage such as @entity3 , @entity2 , ... ( @entity1 emergency). If so, the @entity0 requires urgent and specific management in a hospital setting. More commonly, however, BP in the severe range is relatively asymptomatic and not associated with end-organ damage ( @entity1 urgency). Management can usually be carried out in the ambulatory setting. Severe @entity1 should first be confirmed after a period of rest in a quiet room. If BP remains in the severe range, an antihypertensive drug can be initiated. Otherwise, the @entity0 should be referred for further evaluation within a few days ; however, an antihypertensive treatment could be started immediately if there is concern that urgent outpatient follow-up cannot be ensured or if the @entity0 is at high cardiovascular risk. The choice of the first drug should be tailored according to associated conditions and possible contraindications. Some guidelines recommend starting therapy with an antihypertensive combination of two drugs. In all cases, rapid and excessive reduction in BP, which could compromise organ perfusion, must be avoided, especially in elderly @entity0 . In the short-term (days), BP should be progressively lowered to < 160/100 mmHg. In the long term, a BP < 140/90 mmHg should be obtained.

title: [Management of severe arterial XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extramedullary fixation of @entity2 involves the application of a plate and screws to the lateral side of the proximal femur. In external fixators, the stabilising component is held outside the thigh by pins or screws driven into the bone on either side of the @entity3 . OBJECTIVES: To compare different types of extramedullary fixation implants and external fixators for treating extracapsular hip @entity3 in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group specialised register and reference lists of relevant articles up to July 2002. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised or quasi-randomised trials comparing these devices for the fixation of extracapsular hip @entity3 in adults. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality, using a ten item scale, and extracted data. Additional information was sought from trialists when required. Wherever appropriate, data from comparable trials were pooled. MAIN RESULTS: Two trials examining the Gotfried plate and one, an external fixator, are newly included in this update. All 13 included trials had methodological flaws, which may affect the validity of their results. The limited data available for three trials (355 @entity0 ) comparing a fixed nail plate (Jewett or McLaughlin) with the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) indicated an increased risk of fixation failure for fixed nail plates. The two trials (433 @entity0 ) comparing the RAB plate with the @entity5 had contrasting results, notably in terms of operative complications, fixation failure and anatomical restoration. One trial (100 @entity0 ) found no significant difference between the Pugh nail and the @entity5 . Two trials (292 @entity0 ) compared the Medoff plate with the @entity5 . One trial reported higher operative @entity4 and longer operative times for the Medoff plate. There was a lower risk of fixation failure for unstable @entity2 fixed with the Medoff plate. Two trials involving, respectively, unstable @entity2 (569 @entity0 ) and @entity2 (107 @entity0 ) compared the Medoff plate with three different screw-plate systems. There were no statistically significant differences in outcome for @entity2 . For @entity2 , there was a tendency to less fixation failure for the Medoff plate, but no evidence for differences in longer-term outcomes. Two trials (226 @entity0 ) compared the Gotfried percutaneous plate with a @entity5 . A higher intra-operative fixation failure rate of the Gotfried plate indicated some specific restriction to its use. The Gotfried plate appeared to involve lower operative blood losses. There were insufficient data on long term outcomes. One trial (100 @entity0 ) provided some evidence of less operative @entity1 and speedier recovery for external fixation when compared with the @entity5 . Final outcomes appeared similar. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The fixed nail plate has higher risks of implant breakage and fixation failure than the @entity5 . Though insufficient evidence on other outcomes is available from randomised trials, the increased fixation failure rate is a major consideration and thus the @entity5 appears preferable. Insufficient information is available to draw firm conclusions of significant differences between the @entity5 and either the RAB, the Pugh, the Medoff or the Gotfried plates, or an external fixator.

title: Extramedullary fixation implants and external fixators for extracapsular XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Natal dispersal promotes inter-population linkage, and is key to spatial distribution of populations. Degradation of suitable landscape structures beyond the specific threshold of an individual's ability to disperse can therefore lead to disruption of functional landscape connectivity and impact metapopulation function. Because it ignores behavioral responses of individuals, structural connectivity is easier to assess than functional connectivity and is often used as a surrogate for landscape connectivity modeling. However using structural resource selection models as surrogate for modeling functional connectivity through dispersal could be erroneous. We tested how well a second-order @entity1 ( @entity1 ) models (structural connectivity), based on GPS telemetry data from resident adult @entity2 ( @entity2 L.), could predict subadult habitat use during dispersal (functional connectivity). We created eight non-exclusive subsets of the subadult data based on differing definitions of dispersal to assess the predictive ability of our adult-based @entity1 model extrapolated over a broader landscape. Dispersing @entity2 used habitats in accordance with adult selection patterns, regardless of the definition of dispersal considered. We demonstrate that, for a wide-ranging apex carnivore, functional connectivity through natal dispersal corresponds to structural connectivity as modeled by a second-order @entity1 . Mapping of the adult-based habitat classes provides direct visualization of the potential linkages between populations, without the need to model paths between a priori starting and destination points. The use of such landscape scale RSFs may provide insight into predicting suitable dispersal habitat peninsulas in @entity0 -dominated landscapes where mitigation of @entity0 -wildlife conflict should be focused. We recommend the use of second-order RSFs for landscape conservation planning and propose a similar approach to the conservation of other wide-ranging large carnivore species where landscape-scale resource selection data already exist.

title: Structural habitat predicts functional dispersal habitat of a large carnivore: how XXXX change spots.

answer: @entity2


abstract: It is important to distinguish between @entity10 , the presence of asymptomatic @entity10 , and @entity2 which refers to symptomatic cases which can present with acute or chronic symptoms. Chronic symptoms range from mild intermittent abdominal cramps to the more severe picture of chronic @entity6 and occasional @entity7 . In contrast, acute @entity9 refers to acute @entity1 in the @entity10 . Low dietary fibre intake is reported to increase the risk of @entity2 . In the UK, the prevalence rises from approximately 5% of @entity0 in their 40s to almost 50% of those above the age of 80. It is estimated that 20% of @entity0 with @entity10 will develop symptoms at some point in their lifetime. @entity2 can be confirmed radiologically or endoscopically. Referral of @entity0 with symptomatic @entity2 to secondary care is not indicated unless: the symptoms affect their quality of life; the @entity3 is not controlled by @entity8 ; new symptoms develop which require further investigation; there are concerns about the possibility of an alternative diagnosis or @entity0 develop red flag symptoms. Even in @entity0 with established @entity10 , a change in the clinical picture with development of red flag symptoms warrants urgent referral to rule out lower @entity5 . @entity0 with suspected uncomplicated acute @entity9 should be assessed according to their level of @entity3 and associated systemic features of @entity4 . In those where @entity3 is controlled and there are no signs of @entity4 or multiple comorbidities, the @entity0 may be treated in primary care.

title: Diagnosing and treating XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The triple assessment in the pre-operative evaluation of @entity0 has been practiced in some hospitals in Tanzania. However, its validity and reliability has not been evaluated in any hospital in the country including the study area. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre in northwestern Tanzania to determine the validity, reliability and applicability of triple assessment as an alternative to conventional open biopsy in the pre-operative diagnosis of @entity0 . A total of 212 female @entity1 aged 35 years and above were studied. All @entity1 underwent clinical evaluation, mammography and fine needle aspiration cytology. Histopathology was done to confirm the diagnosis. One hundred and twenty (56.6%) @entity1 with a median age of 36 years had benign lesions and the remaining ninety-two (43.4%) with a median age of 47 years had @entity0 (P = 0.002). With triple assessment, 92 @entity1 were diagnostic for @entity2 and 120 benign, respectively confirmed by histopathology. The Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value and Accuracy were 100.0%. There were no false positive or false negative results. The Kappa statistic for the combination was 1.0 implying excellent agreement with histopathology. The majority of @entity1 (59.9%) underwent triple assessment on the same day with results being available to the @entity1 within 24 to 72 hours. The triple assessment is an accurate and quick method for the evaluation of @entity0 and can be applied as a safe alternative for open biopsy when it is concordant.

title: Triple assessment as a preoperative diagnostic tool for XXXX at Bugando Medical Centre in northwestern Tanzania.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Low @entity3 has traditionally been treated with fistulectomy and fistulotomy. Recent studies have shown that marsupialisation of the fistulotomy wounds can reduce the healing time. A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre in north-western Tanzania between January 2008 and December 2012 to compare the efficacy of fistulectomy versus fistulotomy with marsupialisation in the treatment of low @entity3 in ano. @entity0 were randomized into two groups, namely Group A (fistulectomy) and Group B (fistulotomy with marsupialisation). A total of 162 @entity0 were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to Group A (n = 82) and Group B (n = 80). Both groups were comparable with respect to age, sex ratio, duration of symptoms, type of @entity3 and radial distance of the external opening from the anal verge. The mean healing time was statistically significantly longer in group A than in group B (P = 0.002). The duration of postoperative wound discharge was statistically significantly shorter in group B than in group A (P = 0.012). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean operating time, mean operation wound size, mean @entity2 score, rate of @entity1 and postoperative hospital stay between the two groups (P > 0.05). None of the @entity0 in either group had recurrence or was found to have anal @entity4 . No differences in the extent of adverse effects of surgery on the physical, social and sexual lives of the @entity0 in the two groups. We conclude that in comparison to a fistulectomy, a fistulotomy with marsupialisation results in faster wound healing and a shorter duration of wound discharge and should therefore be recommended as a standard surgical procedure in the treatment of low @entity3 .

title: Fistulectomy versus fistulotomy with marsupialisation in the treatment of low XXXX -in- ano: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA) has shown efficacy in @entity0 with active @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, with routine weekly therapy, it may take several weeks to achieve remission. This study was performed to assess clinical efficacy and safety of intensive GMA in @entity0 with active @entity1 . METHODS: In an open-label, prospective, randomized multicentre setting, 104 @entity0 with @entity1 activity index (CDAI) of 200 to 450 received intensive GMA, at two sessions per week (n = 55) or one session per week (n = 49). Clinical remission was defined as a CDAI score <150. @entity0 in each arm could receive up to 10 GMA sessions. However, GMA treatment could be discontinued when CDAI decreased to <150 (clinical remission level). RESULTS: Of the 104 @entity0 , 99 were available for efficacy evaluation as per protocol, 45 in the weekly GMA group, and 54 in the intensive GMA group. Remission was achieved in 16 of 45 @entity0 (35.6 %) in the weekly GMA and in 19 of 54 (35.2 %) in the intensive GMA (NS). Further, the mean time to remission was 35.4    5.3 days in the weekly GMA and 21.7    2.7 days in the intensive GMA (P = 0.0373). Elevated leucocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly improved by intensive GMA, from 8005/ L to 6950/ L (P = 0.0461) and from 54.5 mm/hr to 30.0 mm/hr (P = 0.0059), respectively. In both arms, GMA was well tolerated and was without safety concern. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, with respect to remission rate, intensive GMA was not superior to weekly GMA, but the time to remission was significantly shorter in the former without increasing the incidence of side effects. UMIN registration # 000003666.

title: An open-label prospective randomized multicenter study of intensive versus weekly granulocyte and monocyte apheresis in active XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 /adolescents with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) may have a poor or inadequate response to psychostimulants or be unable to tolerate their side-effects; furthermore, stimulants may be inappropriate because of co-existing conditions. Only one non-stimulant @entity1 pharmacotherapy, the @entity5 transporter inhibitor @entity9 , is currently approved for use in Europe. We review recent advances in understanding of the pathophysiology of @entity1 with a focus on the roles of @entity10 receptors in context of the a2A-adrenergic receptor agonist @entity7 extended release (GXR), a new non-stimulant treatment option in Europe. Neuroimaging studies of @entity0 /adolescents with @entity1 show @entity2 , and @entity8 in brain regions and networks. Neurobiological studies in @entity1 and medication response patterns support involvement of monoaminergic neurotransmitters (primarily @entity3 and @entity5 ). @entity7 is a selective a2A-adrenergic receptor agonist that has been shown to improve prefrontal cortical cognitive function, including working memory. The hypothesized mode of action of @entity7 centres on direct stimulation of post-synaptic a2A-adrenergic receptors to enhance @entity5 neurotransmission. Preclinical data suggest that @entity7 also influences dendritic spine growth and maturation. Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of GXR in @entity1 , and it is approved as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy to stimulants in Canada and the USA (for @entity0 and adolescents). GXR was approved recently in Europe for the treatment of @entity1 in @entity0 and adolescents for whom stimulants are not suitable, not tolerated or have been shown to be ineffective. GXR may provide particular benefit for @entity0 /adolescents who have specific co-morbidities such as chronic @entity6 or @entity4 (or oppositional symptoms) that have failed to respond to first-line treatment options.

title: XXXX Extended Release: A New Pharmacological Treatment Option in Europe.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 (SM) is a key component of extracellular membranes and lipoproteins, and plays roles in cell signaling and as a component of lipoproteins. SM species differ in terms of @entity2 (FA) composition. However, no simple, rapid, quantitative assay for identifying different SM species has yet been reported. In this study, lipid hydrolase treatment and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) were used to identify serum SM species. METHODS: Sera were collected from healthy young individuals. To identify SM species, sera were treated with @entity5 and lipoprotein lipase, and lipids were extracted using the standard @entity4 / @entity3 (2/1 v/v) method. RESULTS: We detected 15 peaks from serum using @entity0 , which were assigned to SM species bound with FA components ranging from @entity9 :0 to C24:2. The most prominent serum SM species was SM [C16:0], which accounted for approximately 26% of serum SM. Some SM species contained an odd- @entity1 FA ( @entity9 , @entity8 , and @entity6 ), and these accounted for approximately 4% of serum SM. The reproducibility of major SM species within and between application positions on MS-sample plate was CV=3.0%-7.9% and CV=3.1%-6.8%, respectively. The concentration and dilution ratio were linearly related. The SM species composition of 10 healthy young subjects showed a similar profile. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a rapid, and quantitative method for identifying serum SM species using lipid hydrolase treatment and @entity0 . This method will be suitable for clinical laboratory studies to examine the associations between SM species and disease states.

title: Rapid quantitative analysis of human serum XXXX species using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry with lipid hydrolase treatment.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Twelve @entity0 with oesophageal smooth @entity1 were operated on between 1955 and 1984 in the Department of @entity2 of Helsinki University Central Hospital. Eleven @entity1 were @entity10 , the twelfth was a @entity9 . @entity8 (83%) and @entity7 (67%) were the most common symptoms presented. All @entity0 underwent transthoracic @entity1 . Complications of the surgery included two cases of @entity3 ; in both instances the lumen of the oesophagus had been entered during the extirpation of the @entity1 . The surgery was effective in eliminating the most prominent symptom, i.e. @entity8 . However, follow-up examinations 11.1 +/- 6.8 (SD) years later revealed @entity4 and endoscopically and histologically verified @entity5 in seven of the nine (78%) surviving @entity0 . Additionally, two of them had developed @entity6 , 10 and 19 years, respectively, after the primary surgery. These two @entity0 underwent subsequent transabdominal antireflux procedures (Nissen fundoplication). We conclude that long-term follow-up of @entity0 who have been treated for @entity1 is indicated.

title: Smooth XXXX of the oesophagus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In consideration of the full spectrum of hematologic and nonhematologic @entity2 juxtaposed to the response rates (Tables 2-5), it appears that for relapsed @entity0 with @entity7 , six to eight consecutive doses of HDara-C or four doses started on days 1 and 8 have the optimal therapeutic index. These regimens are associated with a 25% CR rate and have comparable tolerable and reversible @entity2 spectra. An increase in the total number of doses to 12 does not appear to increase the remission frequency in relapsed @entity0 but does decidedly increase the spectrum, frequency, and severity of toxic manifestations. Studies of important pharmacologic determinants such as membrane transport and cellular accumulation of @entity8 suggest that a lower unit dose may be just as effective, an approach that could potentially lower the frequency and severity of @entity2 . However, these concepts must be tested in suitably designed clinical trials. In contrast to the response rate noted in @entity0 with relapsed @entity7 , @entity0 with refractory @entity7 have a substantially lower CR rate (approximately 10%) when treated with HDara-C alone. These lower CR rates are comparable to those reported for other recently introduced new drugs such as m-AMSA and @entity5 . In this setting of primary @entity3 , multi-institutional and cooperative group trials of @entity4 -ara-C----ASNase show a consistently higher response rate in the range of 30% to 50%. Why ASNase should especially contribute to this particular group is unknown at present. Studies show that the gene for @entity6 synthetase is repressed in @entity7 cells. It is speculated that in the initial @entity3 cell population (as encountered in refractory @entity7 ), the gene for @entity6 synthetase is repressed and hence, the @entity3 is sensitive to ASNase. In contrast, in the relapsed @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 , the gene for @entity6 synthetase may be @entity3 would be ASNase-insensitive. The therapeutic index of HDara-C----ASNase is schedule dependent. In leukemic @entity1 , pretreatment or concurrent administration of ASNase and HDara-C leads to antagonism of both the therapeutic and toxic effects of HDara-C. These effects are consistent with similar effects of other protein synthesis inhibitors on ara-C @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Sequential high-dose ara-C and asparaginase versus high-dose ara-C alone in the treatment of @entity0 with relapsed and refractory acute XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In consideration of the full spectrum of hematologic and nonhematologic @entity2 juxtaposed to the response rates (Tables 2-5), it appears that for relapsed @entity0 with @entity7 , six to eight consecutive doses of HDara-C or four doses started on days 1 and 8 have the optimal therapeutic index. These regimens are associated with a 25% CR rate and have comparable tolerable and reversible @entity2 spectra. An increase in the total number of doses to 12 does not appear to increase the remission frequency in relapsed @entity0 but does decidedly increase the spectrum, frequency, and severity of toxic manifestations. Studies of important pharmacologic determinants such as membrane transport and cellular accumulation of @entity8 suggest that a lower unit dose may be just as effective, an approach that could potentially lower the frequency and severity of @entity2 . However, these concepts must be tested in suitably designed clinical trials. In contrast to the response rate noted in @entity0 with relapsed @entity7 , @entity0 with refractory @entity7 have a substantially lower CR rate (approximately 10%) when treated with HDara-C alone. These lower CR rates are comparable to those reported for other recently introduced new drugs such as m-AMSA and @entity5 . In this setting of primary @entity3 , multi-institutional and cooperative group trials of @entity4 -ara-C----ASNase show a consistently higher response rate in the range of 30% to 50%. Why ASNase should especially contribute to this particular group is unknown at present. Studies show that the gene for @entity6 synthetase is repressed in @entity7 cells. It is speculated that in the initial @entity3 cell population (as encountered in refractory @entity7 ), the gene for @entity6 synthetase is repressed and hence, the @entity3 is sensitive to ASNase. In contrast, in the relapsed @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 , the gene for @entity6 synthetase may be @entity3 would be ASNase-insensitive. The therapeutic index of HDara-C----ASNase is schedule dependent. In leukemic @entity1 , pretreatment or concurrent administration of ASNase and HDara-C leads to antagonism of both the therapeutic and toxic effects of HDara-C. These effects are consistent with similar effects of other protein synthesis inhibitors on ara-C @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Sequential high-dose ara-C and asparaginase versus high-dose ara-C alone in the treatment of XXXX with relapsed and refractory acute @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Salvage chemotherapy for metastatic @entity0 includes regimens for hormonal responsive @entity1 and @entity1 refractory to @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity7 (CMF) or @entity7 , @entity3 , and @entity5 (FAC). For hormone responsive @entity1 , @entity12 , @entity11 with @entity4 , and @entity9 provide second-line therapy and produce objective remissions in 50% of @entity1 . Some @entity1 respond to further hormonal manipulation. When @entity2 becomes refractory, combination chemotherapy is the treatment of choice. For those @entity1 refractory to CMF, salvage therapy should consist of single agents, such as @entity6 , @entity3 , or @entity10 , or combinations of drugs not contained in the CMF regimen. As with single-agent therapy in previously untreated @entity1 , remission durations are usually short. Two-drug combinations result in response rates from 30% to 50% and longer duration of remission. For @entity1 refractory to FAC, @entity3 is discontinued after reaching a cumulative dose, and therapy is continued with a CMF-type combination. Thus, both @entity3 and @entity8 are used, and salvage chemotherapy is based on @entity6 and @entity10 . All agents used for salvage therapy of @entity0 may produce toxic effects. Appropriate surveillance and limiting the cumulative dose of drugs reduces the risk of irreversible toxic effects.

title: Salvage chemotherapy for metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 treated with @entity8 ( @entity11 ) have increased serum levels of total @entity2 (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). We aimed to investigate whether these changes of serum lipids are reversible after @entity11 withdrawal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used a prospective, randomized double-blinded design. A total of 160 @entity0 who had been @entity4 free on anti- @entity3 drug monotherapy for more than 2  years were included and randomized to withdrawal or not. The intervention was completed by 150 (80 females, 53%) patients. Serum samples from before and 4  months after completed withdrawal or no withdrawal were obtained from 130 @entity0 (63 females, 48%). Of these, 84 were treated with @entity11 , 28 with @entity6 , nine with @entity10 , four with @entity1 , and five with @entity9 . Of the @entity0 who had been treated with @entity11 , 47 were randomized to the withdrawal group, and 37 were randomized to the non-withdrawal group. RESULTS: Among the @entity11 -treated @entity0 , a significant decrease in serum levels of TC, LDL, and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were found in the withdrawal group compared with the non-withdrawal group. Mean differences in change were as follows: TC 0.68  mmol/l (P  =  0.005, CL - 1.15 to -0.21); LDL - 0.67  mmol/l (P  =  0.001, CL - 1.03 to -0.29); @entity5 - 0.13  g/l (P  =  0.02, CL - 0.23 to -0.03). No significant changes in HDL, apolipoprotein A, and @entity7 were detected. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that @entity11 may have unfavorable effects on serum levels of TC, LDL, and @entity5 . However, these changes seem to be reversible even after years of treatment.

title: Favorable change of lipid profile after XXXX withdrawal.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Persistent Albustix-positive @entity5 and subsequent @entity3 are frequently encountered in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Rates of decline of renal function may be modified by treatment of accompanying @entity2 , but studies of the effects of long-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on deterioration of renal function provide no statistically significant evidence of benefit of near-normoglycemia. However, short-term studies in @entity6 subjects with negative Albustix tests but subclinically raised levels of albumin excretion rate (AER) have shown that treatment with CSII significantly reduces this microalbuminuria. The prospective, controlled 8-mo Kroc Collaborative Study therefore offered the opportunity of examining more protracted effects of CSII-induced metabolic correction upon microalbuminuria. Twenty-four-hour urine collections obtained at baseline, 4, and 8 mo were available from 59 Albustix-negative @entity0 . @entity7 -microglobulin excretion was normal. The 39 normoalbuminuric (AER less than 12 micrograms/min) @entity0 did not differ from the 20 microalbuminuric (AER elevated between 13.2 and 192.6 micrograms/min) with respect to distributions of age, sex, and duration of @entity1 . In both the normoalbuminuric and the microalbuminuric groups studied at 4 and 8 mo, percent glycosylated hemoglobin (% @entity8 ) and mean blood @entity4 were significantly decreased during CSII compared with baseline values, whereas no change occurred in the group continuing their @entity9 ( @entity9 ). AER did not differ between @entity9 and CSII treatments in the normoalbuminuric group. AER fell significantly in the CSII-treated microalbuminuric @entity0 at 4 (P less than 0.05) and 8 (P less than 0.01) mo but showed no consistent change in the @entity9 microalbuminuric group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Eight-month correction of hyperglycemia in XXXX is associated with a significant and sustained reduction of urinary albumin excretion rates in @entity0 with microalbuminuria.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Persistent Albustix-positive @entity5 and subsequent @entity3 are frequently encountered in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Rates of decline of renal function may be modified by treatment of accompanying @entity2 , but studies of the effects of long-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on deterioration of renal function provide no statistically significant evidence of benefit of near-normoglycemia. However, short-term studies in @entity6 subjects with negative Albustix tests but subclinically raised levels of albumin excretion rate (AER) have shown that treatment with CSII significantly reduces this microalbuminuria. The prospective, controlled 8-mo Kroc Collaborative Study therefore offered the opportunity of examining more protracted effects of CSII-induced metabolic correction upon microalbuminuria. Twenty-four-hour urine collections obtained at baseline, 4, and 8 mo were available from 59 Albustix-negative @entity0 . @entity7 -microglobulin excretion was normal. The 39 normoalbuminuric (AER less than 12 micrograms/min) @entity0 did not differ from the 20 microalbuminuric (AER elevated between 13.2 and 192.6 micrograms/min) with respect to distributions of age, sex, and duration of @entity1 . In both the normoalbuminuric and the microalbuminuric groups studied at 4 and 8 mo, percent glycosylated hemoglobin (% @entity8 ) and mean blood @entity4 were significantly decreased during CSII compared with baseline values, whereas no change occurred in the group continuing their @entity9 ( @entity9 ). AER did not differ between @entity9 and CSII treatments in the normoalbuminuric group. AER fell significantly in the CSII-treated microalbuminuric @entity0 at 4 (P less than 0.05) and 8 (P less than 0.01) mo but showed no consistent change in the @entity9 microalbuminuric group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Eight-month correction of hyperglycemia in @entity6 is associated with a significant and sustained reduction of urinary albumin excretion rates in XXXX with microalbuminuria.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: The amygdala and hippocampus are recognized as the two important structures in the brain involved in the development and control of kindled @entity1 . The study on the precise interconnection between these two regions can provide important insights into the functional anatomy of complex partial @entity1 . In this study the effect of an experimentally increased excitability in hippocampal neurons, via hippocampal kindling, on the amygdala kindling rate was investigated in @entity0 . METHODS: Animals were divided into four groups. Tripolar electrodes were implanted in the amygdala and @entity2 region of the dorsal hippocampus of animals of Groups 1, 3 and 4. In Group 2 animals, tripolar electrodes were only implanted in the amygdala. In Group 1, one week after surgery, the @entity0 were kindled first from the hippocampus and the next day kindled by amygdala stimulation. In Groups 2 and 3, one week after surgery, @entity0 were kindled from the amygdala. Group 4 animals had a recovery period of one week plus 32 days, which was the mean of the hippocampal kindling rate in Group 1, and then were kindled from the amygdala. RESULTS: In Group 1, the amygdala kindling rate (n; number of days for which animals were stimulated before a stage 5 motor @entity1 is triggered) and @entity1 stage at day n/2 were significantly facilitated and increased respectively. There was also a significant positive correlation between hippocampal and amygdala kindling rates. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: Results obtained show that an increase in hippocampal excitability can facilitate kindling from the amygdala. Thus, it is suggested that the hippocampus has an important role in the development and propagation of @entity1 from the amygdala.

title: Hippocampal hyperexcitability facilitates amygdala kindling in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: There are two delta-crystallin genes (delta 1 and delta 2) in the @entity2 which are oriented with the same transcriptional polarity (5' delta 1-delta 2-3') and are separated by approximately 4.2 kb of DNA. Existing evidence indicates that delta 1 is very active in the embryonic lens; in contrast, delta 2 appears very inactive, if expressed at all. We have sequenced the 5' regions of delta 1 and delta 2 and tested their ability to promote @entity3 acetyltransferase (CAT) activity using the pSVO-CAT expression vector in transfected embryonic lens epithelia. The sequence data establish that the previously reported delta-crystallin cDNAs were derived from mRNAs encoded in delta 1 and not in delta 2. The transfection experiments indicated that the delta 1 promoter is appreciably stronger than the delta 2 promoter. Interestingly, a consensus CCAAT sequence (position - 71) and two consensus viral core-enhancer-like sequences (positions - 308 and +350) are confined to the more active, delta 1 gene. delta 1 and delta 2 have similar TATA boxes (TAAAA) at positions - 28 and - 27, respectively. Exon 1 in delta 1 (35 bp) and in delta 2 (34 bp) are extremely homologous, containing just two mismatches; exon 2 in delta 1 (64 bp) and in delta 2 (51 bp) are only 56% homologous and contain the putative translation initiating codon and three encoded @entity1 . Unexpectedly, intron 1 of both genes has numerous pentameric repeats present in the @entity0 immunoglobulin heavy-chain switch regions (GAGCT, GGGGT and GGGCT). Other direct repeats were found in delta 1 and delta 2, and short homologies were noted between the @entity2 delta-crystallin and @entity0 alpha A-crystallin genes.

title: Structural and functional evidence for differential promoter activity of the two linked delta-crystallin genes in the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) has been identified as an autoantigen in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). There is a marked homology between different forms of transglutaminase, such as @entity8 and coagulation factor XIII. We compared titres of both IgA- and IgG-antibodies against these two antigens in 20 @entity4 @entity0 , 20 @entity6 ( @entity6 )-negative controls and a group with @entity1 (34 with @entity2 and 23 with @entity3 ). IgA-antibodies against @entity8 correlated with @entity6 titres and had high sensitivity and specificity in screening for @entity4 . Only in two @entity4 @entity0 were high titres found of IgA-antibodies against factor XIII, non-reactive with @entity8 . Both lacked @entity7 tendency. The presence of IgG-antibodies against @entity8 , in contrast, had low sensitivity and specificity in screening for @entity4 and were frequently seen in @entity1 . Similarly, factor XIII IgG-antibodies displayed a non-specific pattern with modestly elevated titres in @entity0 with @entity2 and in both @entity6 -negative and positive @entity0 . Despite a marked homology with @entity8 , the occurrence of high titre IgA-antibodies against factor XIII is infrequent in @entity4 , but may-when present-be the result of epitope spreading. The presence of IgG-antibodies in @entity4 and @entity1 illustrates the complexity of autoantibody reactions in @entity5 .

title: Factor XIII and XXXX antibodies in @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) has been identified as an autoantigen in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). There is a marked homology between different forms of transglutaminase, such as @entity8 and coagulation factor XIII. We compared titres of both IgA- and IgG-antibodies against these two antigens in 20 @entity4 @entity0 , 20 @entity6 ( @entity6 )-negative controls and a group with @entity1 (34 with @entity2 and 23 with @entity3 ). IgA-antibodies against @entity8 correlated with @entity6 titres and had high sensitivity and specificity in screening for @entity4 . Only in two @entity4 @entity0 were high titres found of IgA-antibodies against factor XIII, non-reactive with @entity8 . Both lacked @entity7 tendency. The presence of IgG-antibodies against @entity8 , in contrast, had low sensitivity and specificity in screening for @entity4 and were frequently seen in @entity1 . Similarly, factor XIII IgG-antibodies displayed a non-specific pattern with modestly elevated titres in @entity0 with @entity2 and in both @entity6 -negative and positive @entity0 . Despite a marked homology with @entity8 , the occurrence of high titre IgA-antibodies against factor XIII is infrequent in @entity4 , but may-when present-be the result of epitope spreading. The presence of IgG-antibodies in @entity4 and @entity1 illustrates the complexity of autoantibody reactions in @entity5 .

title: Factor XIII and @entity8 antibodies in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change in the antibiotic resistant spectrum of @entity0 (PA) isolated from burn wounds and the production of inducible @entity5 . METHODS: VITEK-AMS system (total automatic bacterial identification and drug sensitivity system) and E-test concentration gradient were employed to perform bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity tests. K-B method was applied to detect inducible enzyme. RESULTS: The resistance of PA to @entity3 and Imipenem was increased in the past 4 years from June of 1996 to June of 2000. Whereas the resistance to @entity2 / @entity4 was least. There was an obvious difference of the resistance of PA to antibiotics during the 4 years (P < 0.05). The resistant rate to Imipenem ranged from 20% to 40%. PA was able to produce inducible enzymes among 120 strains of wild type of PA occupying 72.5% with Imipenam as the inducing agent. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the antibiotic resistance of PA and the detection of inducible enzymes could be monitored from time to time and helpful in the correction of the use of antibiotics. Constant monitoring of antibiotic resistance might be beneficial to the prevention of outbreak of epidemics of @entity1 in a burn unit.

title: [The isolation of XXXX from burn wound and the analysis of its antibiotic resistant spectrum].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The gonads of hamsters maintained in @entity1 first undergo regression and then spontaneous recrudescence. The latter is indicative of refractoriness of the @entity2 to short day lengths. We tested the hypothesis that the absence of long-day stimulation contributes to the development of refractoriness to @entity1 . Male @entity0 were maintained for 26 weeks in a short-day photoperiod (8 hr light/day). Testicular regression was confirmed in all animals at week 10; thereafter different groups of hamsters were stimulated with one long day (16 hr light) every 10, 15, 20 or 30 days until week 26. Control groups were maintained continuously in long or @entity1 , respectively. The rate of gonadal recrudescence of short-day hamsters was not affected by intermittent stimulation with long photoperiods. After 26 weeks, testes in all short-day groups had undergone recrudescence. Refractoriness to short day lengths is not counteracted by long photoperiods. The role of the pineal gland in the development of refractoriness is considered.

title: Spontaneous testicular recrudescence of XXXX : role of stimulatory photoperiods.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In this study I examined the effect of cooking smoke on the reported prevalence of @entity2 among elderly @entity0 and @entity0 greater than or equal to 60 years old). The analysis is based on 38,595 elderly @entity0 included in India's second National Family Health Survey conducted in 1998-1999. Effects of exposure to cooking smoke, ascertained by type of fuel used for cooking (biomass fuels, cleaner fuels, or a mix of biomass and cleaner fuels), on the reported prevalence of @entity2 were estimated using logistic regression. Because the effects of cooking smoke are likely to be confounded with effects of age, @entity1 smoking, education, living standard, and other such factors, the analysis was carried out after statistically controlling for such factors. Results indicate that elderly @entity0 and @entity0 living in households using biomass fuels have a significantly higher prevalence of @entity2 than do those living in households using cleaner fuels [odds ratio (OR) = 1.59; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.30-1.94], even after controlling for the effects of a number of potentially confounding factors. Active @entity1 smoking was also associated with higher @entity2 prevalence in the elderly, but not environmental @entity1 smoke. Availability of a separate kitchen in the house and a higher living standard of the household were associated with lower @entity2 prevalence. The adjusted effect of cooking smoke on @entity2 was greater among @entity0 (OR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.32-2.53) than among @entity0 (OR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.14-1.88). The findings have important program and policy implications for countries such as India, where large proportions of the population rely on polluting biomass fuels for cooking and space heating. More epidemiologic research with better measures of smoke exposure and clinical measures of @entity2 is needed to validate the findings.

title: Effect of indoor air pollution from biomass combustion on prevalence of XXXX in the elderly.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Levels of chemicals in @entity0 (body burdens) are useful indicators of environmental quality and of community health. @entity1 are easily monitored using breast milk samples collected from first-time mothers (primiparae) with @entity0 2-8 weeks of age. Currently, there is no body-burden monitoring program using breast milk in the United States, although ad hoc systems operate successfully in several European countries. In this article we describe the value of such monitoring and important considerations of how it might be accomplished, drawing from our experiences with pilot monitoring projects. Breast milk has several advantages as a sampling matrix: It is simple and noninvasive, with samples collected by the mother. It monitors body burdens in reproductive-age @entity0 and it estimates in utero and nursing- @entity0 exposures, all important to community health. Time-trend data from breast milk monitoring serve as a warning system that identifies chemicals whose body burdens and @entity0 exposures are increasing. Time trends also serve as a report card on how well past regulatory actions have reduced environmental chemical exposures. Body-burden monitoring using breast milk should include educational programs that encourage breast-feeding. Finally, and most important, clean breast milk matters to @entity0 and leads to primary prevention--the limiting of chemical exposures. We illustrate these advantages with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a formerly obscure group of brominated flame retardants that rose to prominence and were regulated in Sweden when residue levels were found to be rapidly increasing in breast milk. A community-based body-burden monitoring program using breast milk could be set up in the United States in collaboration with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for @entity0 , @entity0 , and @entity0 (WIC). WIC has a large number of lactating first-time mothers: It has 6,000 clinics nationwide and serves almost half (47%) the @entity0 born in the United States. Educational programs (e.g., those run by WIC) are needed that encourage breast-feeding, especially in lower-income communities where breast-feeding rates are low and where breast-feeding may help protect the @entity0 from the effects of environmental chemical exposures. Education is also needed about reducing chemical body burdens. A body-burden monitoring program would provide valuable data on time trends, background levels, and community hot spots in need of mitigation and follow-up health studies; develop analytic methods for new chemicals of concern; and archive breast milk samples for future analyses of other agents.

title: Lessons from the XXXX ( @entity2 ): precautionary principle, primary prevention, and the value of community-based body-burden monitoring using breast milk.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Levels of chemicals in @entity0 (body burdens) are useful indicators of environmental quality and of community health. @entity1 are easily monitored using breast milk samples collected from first-time mothers (primiparae) with @entity0 2-8 weeks of age. Currently, there is no body-burden monitoring program using breast milk in the United States, although ad hoc systems operate successfully in several European countries. In this article we describe the value of such monitoring and important considerations of how it might be accomplished, drawing from our experiences with pilot monitoring projects. Breast milk has several advantages as a sampling matrix: It is simple and noninvasive, with samples collected by the mother. It monitors body burdens in reproductive-age @entity0 and it estimates in utero and nursing- @entity0 exposures, all important to community health. Time-trend data from breast milk monitoring serve as a warning system that identifies chemicals whose body burdens and @entity0 exposures are increasing. Time trends also serve as a report card on how well past regulatory actions have reduced environmental chemical exposures. Body-burden monitoring using breast milk should include educational programs that encourage breast-feeding. Finally, and most important, clean breast milk matters to @entity0 and leads to primary prevention--the limiting of chemical exposures. We illustrate these advantages with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a formerly obscure group of brominated flame retardants that rose to prominence and were regulated in Sweden when residue levels were found to be rapidly increasing in breast milk. A community-based body-burden monitoring program using breast milk could be set up in the United States in collaboration with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for @entity0 , @entity0 , and @entity0 (WIC). WIC has a large number of lactating first-time mothers: It has 6,000 clinics nationwide and serves almost half (47%) the @entity0 born in the United States. Educational programs (e.g., those run by WIC) are needed that encourage breast-feeding, especially in lower-income communities where breast-feeding rates are low and where breast-feeding may help protect the @entity0 from the effects of environmental chemical exposures. Education is also needed about reducing chemical body burdens. A body-burden monitoring program would provide valuable data on time trends, background levels, and community hot spots in need of mitigation and follow-up health studies; develop analytic methods for new chemicals of concern; and archive breast milk samples for future analyses of other agents.

title: Lessons from the @entity2 ( XXXX ): precautionary principle, primary prevention, and the value of community-based body-burden monitoring using breast milk.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The TAXUS NIRx stent (Boston Scientific Corp) provides local delivery of @entity5 via a slow-release polymer coating. The TAXUS I trial was the first in- @entity0 experience evaluating safety and feasibility of the TAXUS NIRx stent system compared with bare NIR stents (control) (Boston Scientific Corp) for treatment of @entity3 . METHODS AND RESULTS:                 <AbstractText Label="METHODS AND RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The TAXUS I trial was a prospective, double-blind, three-center study randomizing 61 @entity0 with de novo or @entity1 (< or =12 mm) to receive a TAXUS (n=31) versus control (n=30) stent (diameter 3.0 or 3.5 mm). Demographics, lesion characteristics, clinical outcomes were comparable between the groups. The 30-day major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rate was 0% in both groups (P=NS). No stent @entity4 were reported at 1, 6, 9, or 12 months. At 12 months, the MACE rate was 3% (1 event) in the TAXUS group and 10% (4 events in 3 @entity0 ) in the control group (P=NS). Six-month angiographic @entity2 rates were 0% for TAXUS versus 10% for control (P=NS) @entity0 . There were significant improvements in minimal lumen diameter (2.60+/-0.49 versus 2.19+/-0.65 mm), diameter stenosis (13.56+/-11.77 versus 27.23+/-16.69), and late lumen loss (0.36+/-0.48 versus 0.71+/-0.48 mm) in the TAXUS group (all P<0.01). No evidence of edge @entity2 was seen in either group. Intravascular ultrasound analysis showed significant improvements in normalized neointimal @entity6 in the TAXUS (14.8 mm3) group compared with the control group (21.6 mm3) (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this feasibility trial, the TAXUS slow-release stent was well tolerated and showed promise for treatment of @entity3 , with significant reductions in angiographic and intravascular ultrasound measures of @entity2 .

title: TAXUS I: six- and twelve-month results from a randomized, double-blind trial on a slow-release @entity5 -eluting stent for de novo XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The TAXUS NIRx stent (Boston Scientific Corp) provides local delivery of @entity5 via a slow-release polymer coating. The TAXUS I trial was the first in- @entity0 experience evaluating safety and feasibility of the TAXUS NIRx stent system compared with bare NIR stents (control) (Boston Scientific Corp) for treatment of @entity3 . METHODS AND RESULTS:                 <AbstractText Label="METHODS AND RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The TAXUS I trial was a prospective, double-blind, three-center study randomizing 61 @entity0 with de novo or @entity1 (< or =12 mm) to receive a TAXUS (n=31) versus control (n=30) stent (diameter 3.0 or 3.5 mm). Demographics, lesion characteristics, clinical outcomes were comparable between the groups. The 30-day major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rate was 0% in both groups (P=NS). No stent @entity4 were reported at 1, 6, 9, or 12 months. At 12 months, the MACE rate was 3% (1 event) in the TAXUS group and 10% (4 events in 3 @entity0 ) in the control group (P=NS). Six-month angiographic @entity2 rates were 0% for TAXUS versus 10% for control (P=NS) @entity0 . There were significant improvements in minimal lumen diameter (2.60+/-0.49 versus 2.19+/-0.65 mm), diameter stenosis (13.56+/-11.77 versus 27.23+/-16.69), and late lumen loss (0.36+/-0.48 versus 0.71+/-0.48 mm) in the TAXUS group (all P<0.01). No evidence of edge @entity2 was seen in either group. Intravascular ultrasound analysis showed significant improvements in normalized neointimal @entity6 in the TAXUS (14.8 mm3) group compared with the control group (21.6 mm3) (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this feasibility trial, the TAXUS slow-release stent was well tolerated and showed promise for treatment of @entity3 , with significant reductions in angiographic and intravascular ultrasound measures of @entity2 .

title: TAXUS I: six- and twelve-month results from a randomized, double-blind trial on a slow-release XXXX -eluting stent for de novo @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to study the effect of @entity1 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) on the diagnosis and management of clinically problematic @entity0 with suspected @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: A prospective before-after study was performed in a cohort of all 164 @entity0 (university/community settings) referred for PET between August 1997 and July 1999. PET was restricted to cases where non-invasive tests had failed to solve clinical problems. The impact on diagnostic understanding and management was assessed using questionnaires (intended treatment without PET, actual treatment choice after PET, post hoc clinical assessment). RESULTS: Diagnostic problems especially pertained to unclear radiological findings (n=112; 63%), mediastinal staging (n=36; 20%), and distant staging issues (n=16; 9%). PET findings were validated by reviewing medical records. PET had a positive influence on diagnostic understanding in 84%. Improved diagnostic understanding solely based on PET was reported in 26%. According to referring physicians, PET resulted in beneficial change of treatment in 50%. Cancelled surgery was the most frequent change in treatment after PET (35%). CONCLUSION: FDG PET applied as "add on" technology in @entity0 with these clinical problems appears to be a clinically useful tool, directly improving treatment choice in 25% of @entity0 . The value of increased confidence induced by PET scanning requires further evaluation.

title: Prospective use of serial questionnaires to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of XXXX (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in suspected lung cancer.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Six multivariable models predicting 3-month outcome of acute @entity3 have been developed and internally validated previously. The purpose of this study was to externally validate the previous models in an independent data set. SUMMARY OF REPORT: We predicted outcomes for 299 @entity0 with @entity3 who received placebo in the National Institute of @entity1 and @entity2 rt-PA trial. The model equations used 6 acute clinical variables and head CT @entity4 volume at 1 week as independent variables and 3-month National Institutes of Health @entity2 Scale, Barthel Index, and Glasgow Outcome Scale as dependent variables. Previously developed model equations were used to forecast excellent and devastating outcome for subjects in the placebo tissue plasminogen activator data set. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was used to measure discrimination, and calibration charts were used to measure calibration. The validation data set @entity0 were more severely ill (National Institutes of Health @entity2 Scale and @entity4 volume) than the model development subjects. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curves demonstrated remarkably little degradation in the validation data set and ranged from 0.75 to 0.89. Calibration curves showed fair to good calibration. CONCLUSIONS: Our models have demonstrated excellent discrimination and acceptable calibration in an external data set. Development and validation of improved models using variables that are all available acutely are necessary.

title: Predicting outcome in XXXX : external validation of predictive risk models.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The study included 52 @entity0 with @entity1 , 32 males and 20 females, whose ages ranged from 3 to 36 years (34 under and 18 over 15 years). All @entity0 were carefully staged, and lymph-node biopsies were taken for histopathological examination. HLA phenotype determinations were carried out, and the frequencies were statistically compared with those of normal Egyptian controls. We followed the @entity0 for 3 years to monitor the effect of therapy. In order to determine the prognostic value of @entity0 ' characteristics (age, stage, histologic pattern and HLA phenotypes), statistical analysis and retrospective stratification studies were performed. The frequency of HLA-AI was significantly increased in our @entity0 . The relative risk showed that @entity0 carrying the AI antigen are 6 times more susceptible than those lacking it. There was no significant difference in the frequency of AI antigen in relation to the histopathologic subtypes. Furthermore, the results revealed a prognostic value of the HLA marker. In conclusion, we suggest that chemotherapy should be added to radiotherapy of marker-positive @entity0 at any stage.

title: The value of HLA phenotypes in the prognosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of @entity4 to @entity2 and intraocular pressure (IOP) in a defined white population. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional and follow-up study. @entity0 : @entity0 aged 43 to 86 years living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin (n = 4926). METHODS: All @entity0 received a standardized assessment of refraction, IOP, and @entity2 at baseline (1988-1990), with IOP remeasured 5 years later (1993-1995). Refraction was defined at baseline as follows: @entity3 as spherical equivalent of -1.00 diopters (D) or less, emmetropia as -0.75 to +0.75 D, and @entity6 as +1.00 D or more. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relation of baseline refraction to prevalent @entity2 (defined from IOP, optic disc, and @entity1 ) and incident @entity5 (defined as IOP more than 21 mmHg at the 5-year examination in eyes with IOP of 21 mmHg or less at baseline). RESULTS: A myopic refraction was correlated with increasing IOP at baseline (P < 0.001). After controlling for age and gender, @entity0 with @entity3 were 60% more likely to have prevalent @entity2 than those with emmetropia (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1, 2.3). In contrast, controlling for age, gender, and baseline IOP, @entity0 with @entity6 were 40% more likely to have incident @entity5 than those who were emmetropic at baseline (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0, 2.0). @entity3 was not related to incident @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In these population-based data, there was a cross-sectional association of @entity3 with higher IOP and prevalent @entity2 . Similar associations have been found in previous studies. @entity6 may be associated with 5-year risk of @entity5 , a finding that needs further investigation.

title: @entity4 , intraocular pressure, and XXXX in a white population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of @entity4 to @entity2 and intraocular pressure (IOP) in a defined white population. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional and follow-up study. @entity0 : @entity0 aged 43 to 86 years living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin (n = 4926). METHODS: All @entity0 received a standardized assessment of refraction, IOP, and @entity2 at baseline (1988-1990), with IOP remeasured 5 years later (1993-1995). Refraction was defined at baseline as follows: @entity3 as spherical equivalent of -1.00 diopters (D) or less, emmetropia as -0.75 to +0.75 D, and @entity6 as +1.00 D or more. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relation of baseline refraction to prevalent @entity2 (defined from IOP, optic disc, and @entity1 ) and incident @entity5 (defined as IOP more than 21 mmHg at the 5-year examination in eyes with IOP of 21 mmHg or less at baseline). RESULTS: A myopic refraction was correlated with increasing IOP at baseline (P < 0.001). After controlling for age and gender, @entity0 with @entity3 were 60% more likely to have prevalent @entity2 than those with emmetropia (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1, 2.3). In contrast, controlling for age, gender, and baseline IOP, @entity0 with @entity6 were 40% more likely to have incident @entity5 than those who were emmetropic at baseline (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0, 2.0). @entity3 was not related to incident @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In these population-based data, there was a cross-sectional association of @entity3 with higher IOP and prevalent @entity2 . Similar associations have been found in previous studies. @entity6 may be associated with 5-year risk of @entity5 , a finding that needs further investigation.

title: XXXX , intraocular pressure, and @entity2 in a white population.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We are reporting a case of @entity1 surgically treated initially for an isolated left pararenal localization, and which recurred several years later accompanied with numerous @entity0 . Despite of a treatment with @entity5 131 MIBG, the evolution was rapidly fatal with a picture of @entity3 . This @entity2 would be linked to a @entity9 directly secondary to the @entity10 and causing a marked increase of the free @entity6 concentration in the heart tissue. In reference to this case, all the data which may tend to suspect the malignant nature of a @entity8 , present in 10 p. cent of the cases, are successively reviewed. There is no clinical specificity. The presence of a mixed secretion with marked urinary @entity4 secretion, would not present, for all authors, the same criteria of specificity. Thoraco-abdominal scan and scintigraphy with @entity5 131 MIBG are the two tests permitting to demonstrate, with a great sensitivity and specificity, an extra-adrenal localization, which is the best argument in favor of a @entity1 since 30 to 40 p. cent of extra- @entity8 are malignant, more especially as the @entity0 are located in areas where there are no embryonic remnants of tissues containing chromaffin cells. This permits to appreciate the difference between a non-malignant multicentric @entity8 and a @entity1 . The ideal treatment of a @entity1 rests on surgery under the condition that there are ony one or two @entity0 . This procedure is preceded by a @entity7 preparation and followed with an alpha-blockers treatment. In case of multiple @entity0 , the therapeutic use of @entity5 131 MIBG seems to be a tempting alternative.

title: [Malignant XXXX . Apropos of a case with multiple metastatic localizations].

answer: @entity8


abstract: To a group of 8 healthy @entity0 a slightly hypocaloric diet with protein (13% of energy), @entity9 (46% of energy) and fat (41% of energy) was given as one meal or as five meals in a change-over trial. Each @entity0 was 2 weeks on each regimen. Under the conditions of slight undernutrition and neutral temperature the balances of @entity7 , @entity4 and energy were assessed in 7-day collection periods, and according to 48-hour measurements of gaseous exchange ( @entity4 - @entity7 balance method) by the procedures of indirect calorimetry. Changes of body weight were statistically not significant. At isocaloric supply of metabolizable energy with exactly the same foods in different meal frequencies no differences were found in the retention of @entity4 and energy. Urinary @entity7 excretion was slightly greater with a single daily meal, indicating influences on protein metabolism. The protein-derived energy was compensated by a decrease in the fat oxidation. The heat production calculated by indirect calorimetry was not significantly different with either meal frequency. Water, @entity6 and @entity5 balances were not different. The plasma concentrations of @entity1 and @entity3 were not influenced by meal frequency, @entity2 and @entity8 showed typical behaviour depending on the time interval to the last meal. The results demonstrate that the meal frequency did not influence the energy balance.

title: [Thermogenesis in XXXX after varying meal time frequency].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Data on survival and survival free-from-recurrence were analyzed retrospectively in a group of 571 @entity0 who had undergone curative resection for @entity2 at the Mayo Clinic between 1972 and 1978. Of these @entity0 , 75 (group 1) had required bilateral oophorectomy before or at colon resection, while 496 (group 2) retained one or both ovaries. Average age, location and grade of @entity1 , and duration of follow-up were similar for both groups. Five-year-survival rate for the 571 @entity0 was 73.6%, as compared with 84.3% for matched controls. The 5-year survival rates were not significantly different for group 1 (78.0%) and group 2 (72.9%). Five-year survival free-from-recurrence also was not significantly different (82.9%, group 1 and 79.5%, group 2). @entity0 in group 1 who had grade 1 or 2 @entity1 or lesions in the sigmoid and cecum fared the best (no significant difference from controls). Incidence studies of ovarian metastases from @entity2 suggest that three to eight per cent of @entity0 should benefit from bilateral oophorectomy. This agrees with the difference in survival observed between groups 1 and 2 in this study. Our sample size is too small to statistically confirm the reliability of this difference. The design of a prospective study testing this hypothesis is outlined.

title: Oophorectomy and XXXX . Impact on survival.

answer: @entity2