abstract: BACKGROUND: Balneotherapy (or spa therapy, mineral baths) for @entity0 with @entity4 is one of the oldest forms of therapy. One of the aims of balneotherapy is to soothe the @entity1 and as a consequence to relieve @entity0 ' suffering and make them feel well. In this update we included one extra study. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of balneotherapy for @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the following databases up to October 2006: EMBASE, PubMed, the Cochrane 'Rehabilitation and Related Therapies' Field database, PEDro, CENTRAL (Issue 3, 2006) and performed reference checking and communicated with authors to retrieve eligible studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCT) comparing balneotherapy with any intervention or no intervention. At least 90% of the @entity0 population had to be diagnosed with @entity2 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed quality and extracted data. Disagreements were solved by consensus. In the event of clinical heterogeneity or lack of data we refrained from statistical pooling. MAIN RESULTS: Seven trials (498 @entity0 ) were included in this review. Two studies compared spa-treatment with no treatment. One study evaluated baths as an add-on treatment to home exercises and another compared thermal water from Cserkesz  l   with tap water (placebo). Three studies evaluated sulphur or Dead Sea baths with no treatment or mineral baths with tap water baths or no treatment. Only one of the trials performed an intention-to-treat analysis and two studies provided data to perform an intention-to-treat analysis ourselves. A 'quality of life' outcome was reported by one trial. We found: @entity3 level evidence concerning the beneficial effects on @entity1 , quality of life and analgesic intake of mineral baths compared to no treatment ( @entity5 between 1.82 and 0.34). a statistically significant difference in @entity1 and function of Dead Sea + sulphur versus no treatment, only at end of treatment (WMD 5.7, 95%CI 3.3 to 8.1), but not at 3 month follow-up (WMD 2.6, 95%CI -1.1 to 6.3). no statistically significant differences in @entity1 or function at one or three months of Dead Sea baths versus no treatment (WMD 0.5, 95%CI -0.6 to 1.6) or at one or three months of sulphur baths versus no treatment (WMD 0.4, 95%CI -0.9 to 1.7). Adverse events were not measured in the included trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We found @entity3 level evidence (www.cochranemsk.org) concerning the beneficial effects of mineral baths compared to no treatment. Of all other balneological treatments no clear effects were found. However, the scientific evidence is weak because of the poor methodological quality and the absence of an adequate statistical analysis and data presentation. Therefore, the noted "positive findings" should be viewed with caution.

title: Balneotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Proteins of the @entity2 family have been implicated in control of apoptotic pathways modulating neuronal cell @entity0 , including noise-induced @entity1 . In this study, we assessed the expressions of anti- and proapoptotic @entity2 genes, represented by @entity3 and @entity4 following noise exposures, which yielded temporary threshold shift (TTS) or permanent threshold shift (PTS). Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were assessed at 4, 8, and 16 kHz before exposure and on days 1, 3, 7, and 10 following exposure to 100 dB SPL, 4 kHz OBN, 1 hr (TTS) or 120 dB SPL, 4 kHz OBN, 5 hr (PTS). On day 10, subjects were euthanized. ABR thresholds increased following both exposures, fully recovered following the TTS exposure, and showed a 22.6 dB (4 kHz), 42.5 dB (8 kHz), and 44.9 dB (16 kHz) mean shift on day 10 following the PTS exposure. PTS was accompanied by outer hair cell loss progressing epically and basally from the 4-kHz region. Additional animals were euthanized for immunohistochemical assessment. @entity3 was robustly expressed in outer hair cells following TTS exposure, whereas @entity4 was expressed following PTS exposure. These results indicate an important role of the @entity2 family proteins in regulating sensory cell survival or @entity0 following intense noise. @entity3 plays an essential role in prevention of sensory cell @entity0 following TTS levels of noise, and PTS exposure provokes the expression of @entity4 and, with that, cell @entity0 .

title: @entity2 genes regulate noise-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Proteins of the @entity2 family have been implicated in control of apoptotic pathways modulating neuronal cell @entity0 , including noise-induced @entity1 . In this study, we assessed the expressions of anti- and proapoptotic @entity2 genes, represented by @entity3 and @entity4 following noise exposures, which yielded temporary threshold shift (TTS) or permanent threshold shift (PTS). Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were assessed at 4, 8, and 16 kHz before exposure and on days 1, 3, 7, and 10 following exposure to 100 dB SPL, 4 kHz OBN, 1 hr (TTS) or 120 dB SPL, 4 kHz OBN, 5 hr (PTS). On day 10, subjects were euthanized. ABR thresholds increased following both exposures, fully recovered following the TTS exposure, and showed a 22.6 dB (4 kHz), 42.5 dB (8 kHz), and 44.9 dB (16 kHz) mean shift on day 10 following the PTS exposure. PTS was accompanied by outer hair cell loss progressing epically and basally from the 4-kHz region. Additional animals were euthanized for immunohistochemical assessment. @entity3 was robustly expressed in outer hair cells following TTS exposure, whereas @entity4 was expressed following PTS exposure. These results indicate an important role of the @entity2 family proteins in regulating sensory cell survival or @entity0 following intense noise. @entity3 plays an essential role in prevention of sensory cell @entity0 following TTS levels of noise, and PTS exposure provokes the expression of @entity4 and, with that, cell @entity0 .

title: XXXX genes regulate noise-induced @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to understand the relationships of the weather as biometeorological and hospital admissions due to common @entity1 in a national setting in recent years. METHODS: This is an ecological study. Ten percent of daily hospital admissions from the included hospitals (n   =   1618) across Germany that were available between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2011 (n   =   5   235   600) were extracted from Statistisches Bundesamt, Germany. We identified F01-F51 mental ad behavioural disorders by International Classification of Diseases version 10 as the study outcomes. Daily weather data from 64 weather stations covering 13 German States including air temperature, humidity, wind speed, cloud cover, radiation flux and vapour pressure were obtained and generated into physiologically equivalent temperature (PET). We then plotted two-way fractional-polynomial regression. RESULTS: For the most subtypes, the highest admissions were recorded in spring. There were small peaks in autumn or late winter for a few subtypes as well. Admissions of @entity5 peaked when PET was at 0     C. Admissions of @entity7 peaked at the coldest - when PET was at   -   10     C. Admissions of @entity3 and @entity0 peaked when PETs were between 0 and -10     C while admissions of @entity6 dropped when PETs were above 10     C. Admissions of @entity4 and @entity2 did not vary much across PETs. Moreover, admissions of reaction to stress and dissociate disorder peaked when PETs were between 0 and 10     C as well. CONCLUSIONS: More medical resources could have been needed for mental health on days when PETs were <10     C than on other days.

title: Physically equivalent temperature and XXXX in Germany in 2009-2011.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a relatively uncommon @entity1 that most commonly arises in the pleura. However, @entity6 is now known to affect various other anatomic sites as well, including rare examples in the skin, where the histologic features of this lesion may create diagnostic confusion with a variety of other spindle-cell @entity1 . In order to further the characterization of cutaneous @entity6 , all available cases of that entity were retrieved from the authors' institutional files. Immunohistochemical analysis for @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity8 protein, smooth muscle actin, pankeratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and @entity5 was performed on those @entity1 and the corresponding clinical information was obtained whenever possible. There were eight @entity0 and two @entity0 in the study group, with a median age of 43 years. Sites of involvement included the trunk (two cases), cheek (two), scalp (one), forehead (one), lip (one), temple (one), heel (one) and toe (one). All @entity0 were treated with local excision; only one lesion recurred locally, but it required multiple re-excisions. All of the @entity1 were composed of bland spindle cells with a variably fibrous but focally hyalinized collagenous stroma. A variety of case-specific growth patterns were observed. Mitoses were generally rare, ranging from 0 to 3 per 10 x400 microscopic fields. Immunostains showed reactivity for @entity3 in all SFTs, @entity4 in 8 of 10 cases, @entity7 and @entity2 in 4 of 10 (each) and smooth-muscle actin in 3 of 10 cases. None of the lesions was labeled for @entity9 , keratin, EMA, @entity5 or @entity8 protein. @entity6 of the skin appears to be a 'borderline' @entity1 that only uncommonly recurs. Immunoreactivity for @entity4 , - especially together with @entity2 or @entity7 , or both - is helpful in identifying this @entity1 .

title: XXXX of the skin: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases and review of the literature.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that morphological and physiological observations suggest that the tight junction (TJ)-based permeability barrier is modified/disrupted in tumorigenesis, the role of members of the Claudin (Cldn) family of TJ proteins is not well-understood. Using a well-established two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model, we investigated the temporal and spatial changes in expression of those Cldns that we have previously demonstrated to be important in epidermal differentiation and the formation of the epidermal permeability barrier, i.e., @entity9 , @entity12 , @entity11 , @entity13 and @entity14 . METHODS: The lower dorsal backskin of @entity1 was treated topically with @entity7 ( @entity2 ; 0.25 mg/ml in @entity5 ) and following a 10-day incubation period, @entity3 ( @entity4 ; 25 microg/ml in @entity5 ) was applied three times a week to the same area. Backskin samples were dissected 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after the initiation of the experimental protocol and immunohistochemistry was performed on sections using antibodies against the following: @entity9 , @entity12 , @entity11 , @entity13 , @entity14 , @entity10 and @entity8 . RESULTS: Our data indicate that along with the changes in epidermal cell morphology and differentiation that occur during @entity0 formation, there is a dramatic change in Cldn distribution consistent with cell polarity and barrier selectivity changes. Specifically, in the early stages of @entity2 / @entity4 treatment, the suprabasal-specific Cldns occupy an expanded zone of expression corresponding to an increased number of suprabasal epidermal cell layers. As tumorigenesis progressed, the number of suprabasal epidermal layers positive for @entity12 , @entity11 , @entity13 and @entity14 was reduced, especially in the lower strata of the expanded suprabasal zone. In addition, a variably reduced cell membrane association of those differentiation-specific Cldns was observed, especially within the infiltrating epidermal structures. In contrast, @entity9 (which is normally expressed in all the living layers of the epidermis) remained restricted to the cell membrane throughout the tumorigenesis protocol. However commencing 2 weeks after treatment there was a marked decrease in the number of @entity9 -positive basal cells, and the zone of @entity9 -null epidermal cells was expanded up into the lower stratified epidermis throughout the progression of @entity2 / @entity4 treatment. In addition, there was no @entity9 localization in the infiltrating epidermal structures of the tumorigenic epidermis. CONCLUSION: This is the first demonstration of the changes in Cldn expression in the progression of @entity2 / @entity4 -induced @entity6 ; however further investigation into the molecular mechanisms regulating the observed changes in barrier selectivity during tumorigenesis is required.

title: Changes in the distribution pattern of Claudin tight junction proteins during the progression of XXXX skin tumorigenesis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of treatment of slipped @entity7 is an anatomically aligned epiphysis with normal blood supply. This result can be achieved by open subcapital reorientation of the epiphysis or by a wedge @entity4 . Other procedures have, so far, not gained optimal control over the risk of @entity5 . INDICATIONS: Acute epiphyseolysis. @entity1 for which trimming of the metaphyseal overhang to permit free flexion and @entity3 without impingement would leave less than two thirds of the femoral neck diameter intact. CONTRAINDICATIONS: @entity2 at an advanced stage. Destruction of the femoral head. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: The blood supply to the epiphysis from the medial femoral circumflex artery can be preserved by surgical @entity2 and a soft-tissue flap derived subperiosteally from the retinaculum and external rotators. This soft-tissue flap permits not only the detachment of the epiphysis, but also complete callus resection from the femoral neck without causing tension in the retinaculum. Dislocation of the femoral head ensures its manual protection during curettage of the epiphyseal plate and, ultimately, allows anatomic reduction under visual control of the retinaculum. With the head dislocated there is less risk to the integrity of the retinaculum due to unintentional manipulation of the leg than there would be, if the head remained in the socket. RESULTS: From 1996 to 2005, 30 hips with a diagnosis of slipped @entity7 were treated according to the technique described. The average follow-up time was 55 months (24-96 months). @entity6 did not occur. Distribution across sexes was well balanced. @entity0 were 12 years old at the time of the operation and @entity0 were 14 years old on average. @entity2 was measured at 30-70 degrees. In six hips there was a so-called acute on chronic slip. Two hips required revision due to screw failure, a difficulty that was addressed by the introduction of fully threaded wires. One hip had to be revised because the fully threaded wire bent. After reoperation, shortening of maximum 1 cm was seen in these three cases. In one @entity0 with ectopic bone formation at the anteroinferior femoral neck, @entity3 in flexion is reduced by half.

title: Subcapital correction osteotomy in slipped @entity7 by means of surgical XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of treatment of slipped @entity7 is an anatomically aligned epiphysis with normal blood supply. This result can be achieved by open subcapital reorientation of the epiphysis or by a wedge @entity4 . Other procedures have, so far, not gained optimal control over the risk of @entity5 . INDICATIONS: Acute epiphyseolysis. @entity1 for which trimming of the metaphyseal overhang to permit free flexion and @entity3 without impingement would leave less than two thirds of the femoral neck diameter intact. CONTRAINDICATIONS: @entity2 at an advanced stage. Destruction of the femoral head. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: The blood supply to the epiphysis from the medial femoral circumflex artery can be preserved by surgical @entity2 and a soft-tissue flap derived subperiosteally from the retinaculum and external rotators. This soft-tissue flap permits not only the detachment of the epiphysis, but also complete callus resection from the femoral neck without causing tension in the retinaculum. Dislocation of the femoral head ensures its manual protection during curettage of the epiphyseal plate and, ultimately, allows anatomic reduction under visual control of the retinaculum. With the head dislocated there is less risk to the integrity of the retinaculum due to unintentional manipulation of the leg than there would be, if the head remained in the socket. RESULTS: From 1996 to 2005, 30 hips with a diagnosis of slipped @entity7 were treated according to the technique described. The average follow-up time was 55 months (24-96 months). @entity6 did not occur. Distribution across sexes was well balanced. @entity0 were 12 years old at the time of the operation and @entity0 were 14 years old on average. @entity2 was measured at 30-70 degrees. In six hips there was a so-called acute on chronic slip. Two hips required revision due to screw failure, a difficulty that was addressed by the introduction of fully threaded wires. One hip had to be revised because the fully threaded wire bent. After reoperation, shortening of maximum 1 cm was seen in these three cases. In one @entity0 with ectopic bone formation at the anteroinferior femoral neck, @entity3 in flexion is reduced by half.

title: Subcapital correction osteotomy in slipped XXXX by means of surgical @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: A @entity0 who experienced episodes of @entity2 caused by Capillaria philippinensis 16 times is presented. The @entity0 was first seen in July 1967 with the @entity5 and was treated with @entity6 . He experienced a relapse in October 1967. He was readmitted to the hospital again in 1969, twice in 1971, twice in 1972, twice in 1973, once each in 1975, 1976, three times in 1978 and twice in 1979. During this period he was treated with various dosages of @entity6 , @entity3 and @entity4 . At the final admission he was treated with @entity3 , 600 mg per day for 49 days, 200 mg per day for 30 days and 100 mg daily for 6 months. The @entity0 was cured and had no further relapses in 5 years. The recommended dosage of @entity3 is 200 per day for 20 days for new cases and 30 days for relapses. It is advised to over-treat the @entity1 rather than under-treat because of the problem of relapses. Internal autoinfection occurs and it is believed that the drug acts selectively on the adults and not the larval forms of the parasite.

title: An obstinate case of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are a ubiquitous family of molecular chaperones. We have identified 18 sHSPs in the @entity0 genome and 20 sHSPs in the @entity1 genome. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary dynamics of the sHSPs in these two genomes reveals a very complex pattern of evolution. The sHSPs in @entity0 and @entity1 do not display clear orthologous relationships with other invertebrate sHSPs. But many sHSPs in @entity0 have orthologs in @entity1 . One group of sHSPs, the HSP16s, has a very unusual evolutionary history. Although there are a number of HSP16s in both the @entity0 and @entity1 genomes, none of the HSP16s display orthologous relationships across these two species. The HSP16s have an unusual gene pair structure and a complex evolutionary history shaped by gene duplication, gene conversion, and purifying selection. We found no evidence of recent positive selection acting on any of the sHSPs in @entity0 or in @entity1 . There is also no evidence of functional divergence within the pairs of orthologous @entity0 and @entity1 sHSPs. However, the evolutionary patterns do suggest that functional divergence has occurred between the sHSPs in @entity0 and @entity1 and the sHSPs in more distantly related invertebrates.

title: A comparative genomic analysis of the small heat shock proteins in XXXX and briggsae.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is known that in the sera of @entity0 with Graves, @entity1 we can detect autoantibodies against pituitary antigens. The aim of the study was evaluation of pituitary autoantibodies in @entity2 @entity0 using immunoblotting methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Studies were performed in 32 @entity2 @entity0 , 25 @entity0 (age range: 31-67 yrs, median: 49.9 +/- 9.4) and 7 @entity0 (age range: 41-58 yrs, median: 51.0 +/- 7.1). All @entity0 presented signs and symptoms typical of @entity2 . The diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory tests (TSH, fT(3), fT(4), @entity4 antibodies). Sera of control subjects were obtained from 10 healthy blood donors, 7 @entity0 , 3 @entity0 (age range 21-45 yrs, median: 30.6 +/- 7.1). Incidence of pituitary autoantibodies was assessed by @entity3 electrophoresis gel and western-blotting. Pituitary microsomes were obtained from @entity0 pituitary tissues by ultracentrifugation and solubilisation in 1% desoxycholic acid. RESULTS: In 23 sera from 32 we detected autoantibodies against pituitary microsomal antigens. 16 sera were reacting with 55 kDa antigen, 10 sera with 67 kDa, 6 sera with 60 kDa, 5 sera with 52 kDa and 4 sera with 105 kDa. It is important to note that 6 sera were reacting with 57 and 55 kDa, and 5 sera with 55, 60 and 67 kDa. CONCLUSIONS: In sera of @entity2 @entity0 autoantibodies against pituitary microsomal antigens can be frequently detected. The most frequent are antibodies against 55, 60 and 67 kDa antigens.

title: [The incidence of the pituitary autoantibodies in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Joint Committee on @entity0 Hearing recommends that all newborns undergo hearing screening during their hospital birth admission or before one month of age. Also, @entity0 with certain risk factors should receive audiologic monitoring every six months until three years of age. Initial treatment of @entity2 involves the use of properly fitted binaural hearing aids with cochlear implantation indicated for use in @entity0 ages twelve months and older that have derived limited benefit from amplification. Cochlear implantation before two years of age is associated with improved language acquisition. Pediatric primary care physicians are crucial to the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 . This study provides a baseline assessment of Mississippi pediatric primary care physicians' understanding of the risk factors, diagnosis, treatment options, and role of cochlear implantation with regard to @entity1 . METHODS: A single page questionnaire consisting of sixteen questions about newborn @entity1 and cochlear implantation was mailed to all active members of the Mississippi Academy of Family Physicians and the Mississippi Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics. RESULTS: Of the 501 surveys mailed out, 160 surveys were returned completed for a resultant 32% response rate. Out of the 160 physicians returning the questionnaire, 50 were general pediatricians, 89 were family practitioners, and 21 were physicians who did not practice primary care medicine for pediatric @entity0 . The majority of questions were answered correctly by all groups. In most instances, there was a significant statistical difference with the pediatrician group having more correct responses as compared to the family practitioner group. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented demonstrate that primary care providers for @entity0 within the state of Mississippi are generally knowledgeable about the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 . Aspects of newborn @entity1 diagnosis and treatment to emphasize in future education efforts include: understanding the necessity of objective screening measures for the diagnosis of @entity1 , the need for hearing aid intervention by six months of age, and the role of early cochlear implantation in the mainstreaming of prelinguistically deaf @entity0 .

title: Perceptions of pediatric primary care physicians on XXXX and cochlear implantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the prenatal diagnoses and clinical outcomes of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: A retrospective case series was developed by reviewing 16,983 ultrasounds performed between March 2003 and January 2006 for the prenatal diagnosis of @entity1 . Medical records of each mother/ @entity0 pair were reviewed for demographic information, ultrasound findings, obstetric management, and outcomes. RESULTS: Nineteen fetuses were diagnosed with @entity1 . Only one was lost to follow-up. Median gestational age at diagnosis was 28.4W (range 17.6-36.6). Fifteen cases (79%) were left sided, 3 (16%) were right-sided, and 1 (5%) was bilateral. Seven fetuses (39%) had additional abnormalities, the most common being a single umbilical artery. Ten @entity0 (52.6%) underwent amniocentesis for karyotype; none were aneuploid. Three @entity0 developed @entity2 . All 18 @entity0 were liveborn. Seven @entity0 (39%) died shortly after birth, 6 (33%) underwent surgery with subsequent discharge, and 5 (28%) were transferred to another center. Three of these died after transfer. CONCLUSION: Prenatal diagnosis of @entity1 portends a poor prognosis. Thirty-nine percent of @entity0 with this diagnosis (7/18) did not survive to undergo surgery or transfer to another facility and overall mortality was 56% (10/18). Targeted ultrasonography, extensive counseling of parents, and delivery at a tertiary care center is recommended.

title: Prenatal diagnoses and outcomes of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECT: The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the clinical presentation, the roles of surgery and adjuvant therapy, and the treatment-related morbidity in @entity0 with a @entity5 in the posterior fossa and to try and determine the prognostic factors. METHODS: Between 1991 and 2006, 10 @entity0 were treated for a posterior fossa @entity5 at the authors' institution. The mean age of the @entity0 , the duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis, and the follow-up were 8.2, 2.4, and 3.9 years, respectively. Nine of the @entity0 presented with symptoms of @entity4 . Preoperative imaging showed enhancement in all @entity0 ; in eight it was in a patchy distribution. The operations consisted of radical resection (> 75%) in seven @entity0 , biopsy in two, and a total macroscopic excision in one. RESULTS: The surgical procedure did not cause deterioration in the @entity2 in any of the @entity0 . There was no recurrence in the @entity0 who underwent total macroscopic excision of the @entity1 , and there has been no @entity1 progression in three @entity0 , two of whom have had no evidence of enhancement of the postoperative @entity3 . The @entity1 has progressed in six @entity0 , requiring further surgery in three, chemotherapy in four, and radiotherapy and second-line chemotherapy in one @entity0 to control the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The imaging of @entity5 in the posterior fossa showed patchy enhancement. The @entity0 in whom it was possible to achieve a radical resection, aimed at removing at least the enhancing portion of the @entity1 , have not required further treatment. A second excision, for progressive @entity1 , is an effective adjuvant therapy.

title: Pediatric XXXX : a retrospective series.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 inhibits the post-prandial @entity2 release after truncal vagotomy in the @entity0 . Whether this action of @entity1 is due to suppression of stimulatory cholinergic fibres in the sympathetic nerves of the stomach and the upper small intestine or due to blockade of intrinsic gastric cholinergic mechanisms is unknown. Conscious @entity0 were fed a meat meal (35 g/kg body weight) before and after truncal vagotomy and after truncal vagotomy plus coeliac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy. Experiments were repeated in the presence of @entity1 (50 micrograms/kg body weight, given as an i.v. bolus 60 min prior to the meal). In another set of @entity0 , only ganglionectomy was performed and the same experiments were done as in the first set of @entity0 . Truncal vagotomy enhanced the post-prandial 120 min integrated plasma @entity2 response by 2.6 times as compared to the response with the vagus nerves intact. Before truncal vagotomy, @entity1 enhanced the integrated plasma @entity2 response by 2.6 times; after truncal vagotomy @entity1 suppressed this response by 2.3 times. After truncal vagotomy, with or without @entity1 , additional coeliac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy did not alter the integrated plasma @entity2 response. With the vagus nerves intact, ganglionectomy alone had no effect on the integrated plasma @entity2 response whether or not @entity1 was given. The finding that @entity1 suppresses the post-prandial plasma @entity2 response to a meal after truncal vagotomy and coeliac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy, i.e. cutting the extrinsic nerves of the stomach and the upper small intestine, suggests the existence of stimulatory cholinergic intrinsic fibres located within the stomach.

title: XXXX response to a meal before and after cutting the extrinsic nerves of the stomach in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 inhibits the post-prandial @entity2 release after truncal vagotomy in the @entity0 . Whether this action of @entity1 is due to suppression of stimulatory cholinergic fibres in the sympathetic nerves of the stomach and the upper small intestine or due to blockade of intrinsic gastric cholinergic mechanisms is unknown. Conscious @entity0 were fed a meat meal (35 g/kg body weight) before and after truncal vagotomy and after truncal vagotomy plus coeliac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy. Experiments were repeated in the presence of @entity1 (50 micrograms/kg body weight, given as an i.v. bolus 60 min prior to the meal). In another set of @entity0 , only ganglionectomy was performed and the same experiments were done as in the first set of @entity0 . Truncal vagotomy enhanced the post-prandial 120 min integrated plasma @entity2 response by 2.6 times as compared to the response with the vagus nerves intact. Before truncal vagotomy, @entity1 enhanced the integrated plasma @entity2 response by 2.6 times; after truncal vagotomy @entity1 suppressed this response by 2.3 times. After truncal vagotomy, with or without @entity1 , additional coeliac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy did not alter the integrated plasma @entity2 response. With the vagus nerves intact, ganglionectomy alone had no effect on the integrated plasma @entity2 response whether or not @entity1 was given. The finding that @entity1 suppresses the post-prandial plasma @entity2 response to a meal after truncal vagotomy and coeliac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy, i.e. cutting the extrinsic nerves of the stomach and the upper small intestine, suggests the existence of stimulatory cholinergic intrinsic fibres located within the stomach.

title: @entity2 response to a meal before and after cutting the extrinsic nerves of the stomach in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The presence of a damaged labrum is one of many factors influencing the outcomes of @entity5 . However, there are few previous papers describing the long-term outcomes of @entity5 with labrectomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of @entity5 for @entity3 with labral tears. We compared outcomes between labrectomy (+) and labrectomy (-) groups. @entity0 AND METHODS: Chiari pelvic osteotomies were performed by one surgeon on 34 @entity3 with labral tears between 1983 and 1996, in which labrectomy was performed on 23 hips but not on 11 hips. Three @entity0 undergoing labrectomy were lost to follow-up evaluation within 5 years after surgery. The average age of the remaining 31 @entity0 was 35.5 years (range, 16-54 years). The clinical and radiographic surveillance averaged 16.0 years (range, 10-23.3 years). RESULTS: In all @entity0 , @entity1 disappeared after the operation. At the end of the study, 8 of the 31 @entity0 displayed @entity4 . @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was observed in 11 hips. @entity0 with poor results have not opted for revision surgery except for one @entity0 . In the labrectomy (+) group, 10 of the 20 hips showed progression of @entity2 and the clinical outcomes of 6 @entity0 deteriorated. In the labrectomy (-) group, 1 of the 11 hips showed progression of @entity2 and 2 @entity0 deteriorated clinically. Radiological outcomes differed significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Labrectomy accompanying @entity5 is an acceptable procedure for relieving @entity1 caused by the damaged labrum, but the outcomes have a tendency to deteriorate after 10 or more years postoperatively.

title: Treatment of XXXX with labral tear by @entity5 : outcomes after more than 10 years follow-up.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The presence of a damaged labrum is one of many factors influencing the outcomes of @entity5 . However, there are few previous papers describing the long-term outcomes of @entity5 with labrectomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of @entity5 for @entity3 with labral tears. We compared outcomes between labrectomy (+) and labrectomy (-) groups. @entity0 AND METHODS: Chiari pelvic osteotomies were performed by one surgeon on 34 @entity3 with labral tears between 1983 and 1996, in which labrectomy was performed on 23 hips but not on 11 hips. Three @entity0 undergoing labrectomy were lost to follow-up evaluation within 5 years after surgery. The average age of the remaining 31 @entity0 was 35.5 years (range, 16-54 years). The clinical and radiographic surveillance averaged 16.0 years (range, 10-23.3 years). RESULTS: In all @entity0 , @entity1 disappeared after the operation. At the end of the study, 8 of the 31 @entity0 displayed @entity4 . @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was observed in 11 hips. @entity0 with poor results have not opted for revision surgery except for one @entity0 . In the labrectomy (+) group, 10 of the 20 hips showed progression of @entity2 and the clinical outcomes of 6 @entity0 deteriorated. In the labrectomy (-) group, 1 of the 11 hips showed progression of @entity2 and 2 @entity0 deteriorated clinically. Radiological outcomes differed significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Labrectomy accompanying @entity5 is an acceptable procedure for relieving @entity1 caused by the damaged labrum, but the outcomes have a tendency to deteriorate after 10 or more years postoperatively.

title: Treatment of @entity2 with labral tear by XXXX : outcomes after more than 10 years follow-up.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The fundamental and clinical studies of @entity8 ( @entity9 ) were performed. The results were as follows: The MICs of @entity9 for @entity2 and @entity10 sp. which were recently isolated in the pediatric field were less than 0.78 micrograms/ml. @entity9 also was effective against ABPC/PIPC-resistant bacteria. The MIC of @entity9 for @entity11 was less than 1.56 micrograms/ml. The peak serum levels of @entity9 which were occurred just after the 1 hour drip infusion of 10-30 mg/kg were 60.5-136.8 micrograms/ml, and at 6 hours after infusion the serum levels were 1.3-6.1 micrograms/ml; therefore, the dose response was proved. The mean half-lives (T 1/2) were between 1.21 and 1.36 hours. The excretion rates in urine up to 6 hours after intravenous drip infusion were between 32.7 and 77.5%. The ratio of the cerebrospinal fluid concentration to serum in the @entity0 with @entity3 was 3.5% at 1 hour after the intravenous injection at the dose of 69 mg/kg, and the ratios of the subdural fluid levels to serum were 31.3-37.5%. The levels of @entity9 into the feces by the multiple dosage were 0-840 micrograms/g. Twenty-five pediatric @entity0 with @entity4 had been treated by intravenous injection or drip infusion at the doses of 49-120 mg/kg/day (almost 50-100 mg/kg/day) for 4 to 13 days. The efficacy rate of excellent + good was 84% and that of excellent + good + fair was 96%. The efficacy rate of excellent + good was 100% in all cases with @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity1 caused by Gram-negative rods. The clinical efficacy was observed in all cases with acute @entity6 . Although @entity9 was clinically effective against @entity10 , bacteriological efficacy on the causative organisms was not observed in some cases. Although @entity9 was bacteriologically effective in 1 @entity0 with typhoid, it did not alleviated fever. @entity9 showed activity to 9 strains isolated from the culture of throat swab, urine and feces. No side effects were clinically observed in all cases, while slight elevations of laboratory findings were observed in 4 cases.

title: [Fundamental and clinical studies of XXXX in the field of pediatric].

answer: @entity8


abstract: The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) and obtained the following results. The antibacterial activities of @entity5 against the clinical isolates of @entity1 , K. pneumoniae and @entity2 were measured by the agar dilution method with inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. The susceptibility distribution of @entity1 to @entity5 ranged from 0.025 or lower to 1.56 microgram/ml, and the peak of distribution was 0.05 microgram/ml. The peak of susceptibility distribution of @entity3 was 0.025 microgram/ml or lower, and the distribution of @entity2 ranged from 0.1 to 100 micrograms/ml higher and the peak of distribution was 3.13 micrograms/ml. After intravenous bolus injection of 20 mg of @entity5 in 4 @entity0 , the mean peak serum level was 117 +/- 35.1 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after injection, and half-life time was 1.42 hours. The mean urinary excretion rates was 63.2 +/- 30.6% up to 6 hours after bolus injection of 20 mg/kg of @entity5 . @entity5 was given 11 cases with bacterial injection. Daily doses of @entity5 were from 41.7 to 94.9 mg/kg. Clinical results obtained were excellent and good responses in 8 of 11 cases (72.7%). No side effect was observed.

title: [Laboratory and clinical studies of XXXX in the pediatric field].

answer: @entity4


abstract: A review of 27 @entity0 with @entity1 admitted to the Tsukuba University Hospital was performed retrospectively. Nineteen cases of @entity2 and eleven cases of @entity1 were submitted to the study. These @entity0 were treated mainly by surgery. The rates for 1-year, 3-year, 5-year and 10-year survival were 88.5%, 57.6%, 40.3% and 20.2%, respectively. No obvious relationship between prognosis of @entity2 and that of @entity1 was seen. Pathologically, there was a correlation between the grade and the stage of the @entity1 . Prognosis was related to the stage of the @entity1 , but not to the grade of the @entity1 . Clinically, the @entity0 with positive urinary cytology had a poorer prognosis. It was considered that no relationship existed between the preoperative clinical stage and the postoperative pathological stage. Consequently, the former is not considered a prognostic factor. We have been performing mainly radical nephroureterectomy with regional lymphadenectomy since 1975. The @entity0 who received the operation with regional lymphadenectomy since 1975. The @entity0 who received the operation with regional lymphadenectomy or with adjuvant chemotherapy had a better prognosis. It is concluded that lymphadenectomy is a valuable operation for improving prognosis.

title: Survival of @entity0 with XXXX : a retrospective study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A review of 27 @entity0 with @entity1 admitted to the Tsukuba University Hospital was performed retrospectively. Nineteen cases of @entity2 and eleven cases of @entity1 were submitted to the study. These @entity0 were treated mainly by surgery. The rates for 1-year, 3-year, 5-year and 10-year survival were 88.5%, 57.6%, 40.3% and 20.2%, respectively. No obvious relationship between prognosis of @entity2 and that of @entity1 was seen. Pathologically, there was a correlation between the grade and the stage of the @entity1 . Prognosis was related to the stage of the @entity1 , but not to the grade of the @entity1 . Clinically, the @entity0 with positive urinary cytology had a poorer prognosis. It was considered that no relationship existed between the preoperative clinical stage and the postoperative pathological stage. Consequently, the former is not considered a prognostic factor. We have been performing mainly radical nephroureterectomy with regional lymphadenectomy since 1975. The @entity0 who received the operation with regional lymphadenectomy since 1975. The @entity0 who received the operation with regional lymphadenectomy or with adjuvant chemotherapy had a better prognosis. It is concluded that lymphadenectomy is a valuable operation for improving prognosis.

title: Survival of XXXX with @entity2 : a retrospective study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: Many studies suggest that @entity4 occurs during treatment of @entity2 2 @entity1 , irrespective of the treatment @entity2 . The aim of this study was to address the questions (i) whether @entity4 is inevitable in @entity0 treated for @entity2 2 @entity1 , and (ii) whether treatment escalation is prompted by a rise in glycaemic control [haemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c)] or @entity4 . METHODS: A @entity1 database was used to identify all @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 attending our clinic between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2000. To facilitate further analysis, independent anonymized database resources were established. Data collected included height, weight, gender, HbA(1c), age and @entity1 treatment at each visit. RESULTS: One thousand and eighty-four @entity0 were included; after 6 months of treatment, @entity0 ' average weight had reduced by 1.0 kg (s.d. 4.6) (p < 0.001). Sixty per cent of the @entity0 had either a decrease or no change in weight, while 40% demonstrated a @entity4 . @entity0 demonstrated more @entity3 than @entity0 . After a mean follow-up of 50 months (s.d. 25.7), 439 @entity0 (40%) who received treatment with diet alone, diet followed by @entity5 or @entity5 alone demonstrated a maintained weight reduction in addition to improved glycaemic control. A rise in HbA(1c) rather than @entity4 prompted treatment change. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that @entity4 is not a necessary consequence of the treatment of @entity2 2 @entity1 . @entity0 were more successful than @entity0 in losing weight, and diet, with or without the addition of @entity5 , was the treatment @entity2 most usually associated with @entity3 .

title: Weight changes in XXXX 2 @entity1 and the impact of gender.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: Many studies suggest that @entity4 occurs during treatment of @entity2 2 @entity1 , irrespective of the treatment @entity2 . The aim of this study was to address the questions (i) whether @entity4 is inevitable in @entity0 treated for @entity2 2 @entity1 , and (ii) whether treatment escalation is prompted by a rise in glycaemic control [haemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c)] or @entity4 . METHODS: A @entity1 database was used to identify all @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 attending our clinic between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2000. To facilitate further analysis, independent anonymized database resources were established. Data collected included height, weight, gender, HbA(1c), age and @entity1 treatment at each visit. RESULTS: One thousand and eighty-four @entity0 were included; after 6 months of treatment, @entity0 ' average weight had reduced by 1.0 kg (s.d. 4.6) (p < 0.001). Sixty per cent of the @entity0 had either a decrease or no change in weight, while 40% demonstrated a @entity4 . @entity0 demonstrated more @entity3 than @entity0 . After a mean follow-up of 50 months (s.d. 25.7), 439 @entity0 (40%) who received treatment with diet alone, diet followed by @entity5 or @entity5 alone demonstrated a maintained weight reduction in addition to improved glycaemic control. A rise in HbA(1c) rather than @entity4 prompted treatment change. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that @entity4 is not a necessary consequence of the treatment of @entity2 2 @entity1 . @entity0 were more successful than @entity0 in losing weight, and diet, with or without the addition of @entity5 , was the treatment @entity2 most usually associated with @entity3 .

title: Weight changes in @entity2 2 XXXX and the impact of gender.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most studies on the prevalence of @entity2 to the permanent hair dye chemical @entity3 ( @entity4 ) are reported from populations of @entity1 @entity0 attending patch-test clinics, and are assumed to be much higher than in the normal population. No data exist on incidence of senitization to PPD resulting from the use of commercial hair dye preparations over a defined time period. METHOD: A total of 2545 healthy adult volunteers (Bangkok) were screened for @entity2 through standard patch testing. Volunteers not allergic to PPD were then recruited into two groups: one group applying a commercial hair dye brand as instructed on a monthly basis for 6 months (n=548) and the other group (controls) (n=516) was instructed not to dye their hair for 6 months. Sensitization to PPD resulting from the use of hair dye over this period was then detected by repeat patch testing. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity2 in a normal adult population was 2.7% (m=2.4%, f=3.2%). Projected to the adult Thai population, at least 1,000,000 Thai individuals could be allergic to PPD. The incidence of sensitization through the monthly application of standard commercial hair dye preparations over a 6-month period was 1.3%, substantially higher than in controls (0.4%), although numbers were small and not statistically significant. INTERPRETATION: There is a higher prevalence of hair dye @entity2 among the normal population than previously thought. The incidence of new cases of @entity2 would indicate that current regulations and practice of hair dye exposure lead to PPD sensitization and @entity2 , which is a public health problem.

title: A general population from Thailand: incidence of common allergens with emphasis on XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is an infrequent complication (1-3.8%) following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). The safety and efficacy of endoscopic management of immediate @entity2 is unknown. We sought to determine how frequently @entity3 complicates LRYGB and whether endoscopic management is successful in controlling @entity4 . METHODS: Retrospective chart review of all @entity0 who developed @entity3 following LRYGB from November 2001 to July 2005 at a large suburban teaching hospital. RESULTS: Of 933 @entity0 who underwent LRYGB, 30 (3.2%) developed postoperative @entity3 . An endoscopic esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed in 27/30 @entity0 (90%). All were found to have @entity4 emanating from the gastrojejunostomy (GJ) staple line. Endoscopic intervention was performed in 24/30 (80%) with @entity6 injection and heater probe cautery being used most commonly. Endoscopic therapy was ultimately successful in controlling all @entity4 , with 5 @entity0 (17%) requiring a second EGD for rebleeding. No @entity0 required surgery to control @entity4 . One @entity0 aspirated during the endoscopic procedure with subsequent anoxic @entity1 and died 5 days postoperatively. Twenty-one @entity0 (70%) developed @entity3 in the intraoperative or immediate postoperative period (<4 h postoperative). The mean length of stay was significantly longer in these @entity0 (2.84 vs 4.1, P= 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: (a) @entity3 complicates LRYGB in a small but significant number of @entity0 . (b) Bleeding usually occurs at the GJ site. (c) EGD is safe and effective in controlling @entity4 with standard endoscopic techniques. (d) @entity3 occurs most commonly in the immediate postoperative period and may be best managed in the operating room with the @entity0 intubated to prevent @entity5 .

title: Endoscopic management of early upper XXXX following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5 and @entity4 decrease @entity2 activity. @entity5 , a D2 antagonist of @entity2 receptors, and @entity4 , a pineal substance with antidopaminergic action, are administered to @entity1 @entity0 to decrease @entity1 . DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was done. SETTING: General otorhinolaryngologic consultation for 2002-2004 in Seville, Spain. METHODS: One hundred twenty @entity0 consulted for subjective @entity1 . They were included randomly in four groups of 30. One group took @entity5 (50 mg/8 h) alone, the second group took @entity4 (3 mg/24 h), the third group took the same doses of @entity5 (50 mg/8 h) plus @entity4 (3 mg/24 h), and the fourth group took placebo ( @entity3 50 mg/8 h), all for 1 month. Ninety-nine @entity0 completed the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical history, tonal audiometry, tympanometry, and tinnitometry were done at the beginning and end of the study. Subjective grading of @entity1 and a visual analogue scale (0-10) were done for evaluation of results. RESULTS: Based on the subjective grading, @entity1 diminished by 56% in @entity0 treated with @entity5 , by 40% in @entity0 treated with @entity4 , by 81% in @entity0 treated with @entity5 plus @entity4 , and by 22% in @entity0 treated with placebo. Based on the visual analogue scale, @entity1 diminished from 7.7 to 6.3 in @entity0 treated with @entity5 , to 6.5 in those treated with @entity4 , to 4.8 in @entity0 treated with @entity5 plus @entity4 , and to 7.0 in those treated with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and @entity4 reduce @entity1 , decreasing @entity2 activity. The @entity1 auditolimbic dopaminergic pathway has broad therapeutic implications.

title: @entity5 and @entity4 decrease XXXX modulating the auditolimbic dopaminergic pathway.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5 and @entity4 decrease @entity2 activity. @entity5 , a D2 antagonist of @entity2 receptors, and @entity4 , a pineal substance with antidopaminergic action, are administered to @entity1 @entity0 to decrease @entity1 . DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was done. SETTING: General otorhinolaryngologic consultation for 2002-2004 in Seville, Spain. METHODS: One hundred twenty @entity0 consulted for subjective @entity1 . They were included randomly in four groups of 30. One group took @entity5 (50 mg/8 h) alone, the second group took @entity4 (3 mg/24 h), the third group took the same doses of @entity5 (50 mg/8 h) plus @entity4 (3 mg/24 h), and the fourth group took placebo ( @entity3 50 mg/8 h), all for 1 month. Ninety-nine @entity0 completed the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical history, tonal audiometry, tympanometry, and tinnitometry were done at the beginning and end of the study. Subjective grading of @entity1 and a visual analogue scale (0-10) were done for evaluation of results. RESULTS: Based on the subjective grading, @entity1 diminished by 56% in @entity0 treated with @entity5 , by 40% in @entity0 treated with @entity4 , by 81% in @entity0 treated with @entity5 plus @entity4 , and by 22% in @entity0 treated with placebo. Based on the visual analogue scale, @entity1 diminished from 7.7 to 6.3 in @entity0 treated with @entity5 , to 6.5 in those treated with @entity4 , to 4.8 in @entity0 treated with @entity5 plus @entity4 , and to 7.0 in those treated with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and @entity4 reduce @entity1 , decreasing @entity2 activity. The @entity1 auditolimbic dopaminergic pathway has broad therapeutic implications.

title: @entity5 and XXXX decrease @entity1 modulating the auditolimbic dopaminergic pathway.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5 and @entity4 decrease @entity2 activity. @entity5 , a D2 antagonist of @entity2 receptors, and @entity4 , a pineal substance with antidopaminergic action, are administered to @entity1 @entity0 to decrease @entity1 . DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was done. SETTING: General otorhinolaryngologic consultation for 2002-2004 in Seville, Spain. METHODS: One hundred twenty @entity0 consulted for subjective @entity1 . They were included randomly in four groups of 30. One group took @entity5 (50 mg/8 h) alone, the second group took @entity4 (3 mg/24 h), the third group took the same doses of @entity5 (50 mg/8 h) plus @entity4 (3 mg/24 h), and the fourth group took placebo ( @entity3 50 mg/8 h), all for 1 month. Ninety-nine @entity0 completed the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical history, tonal audiometry, tympanometry, and tinnitometry were done at the beginning and end of the study. Subjective grading of @entity1 and a visual analogue scale (0-10) were done for evaluation of results. RESULTS: Based on the subjective grading, @entity1 diminished by 56% in @entity0 treated with @entity5 , by 40% in @entity0 treated with @entity4 , by 81% in @entity0 treated with @entity5 plus @entity4 , and by 22% in @entity0 treated with placebo. Based on the visual analogue scale, @entity1 diminished from 7.7 to 6.3 in @entity0 treated with @entity5 , to 6.5 in those treated with @entity4 , to 4.8 in @entity0 treated with @entity5 plus @entity4 , and to 7.0 in those treated with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and @entity4 reduce @entity1 , decreasing @entity2 activity. The @entity1 auditolimbic dopaminergic pathway has broad therapeutic implications.

title: XXXX and @entity4 decrease @entity1 modulating the auditolimbic dopaminergic pathway.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The hyperintense appearance of the @entity4 (HMCA) sign consists of a thickened MCA stem with a blurred intense signal on contrast enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T1W MRI). In this article, we define it and determine its incidence, diagnostic value, and reliability by comparison with magnetic resonance angiography and digital subtraction angiography. MATERIALS AND METHIODS: Non-contrast CT and immediately subsequent MRI were performed on 30 consecutive @entity0 with acute @entity1 within 6 hours after symptom onset. Ml @entity0 underwent at least one follow-up MRI or non-contrast CT within 2-7 days. Initial studies were analyzed for @entity5 sign on post-Gd T1WI. Vascular findings on both MRI and CT were compared with findings at MRA and DSA. RESULTS: Eleven @entity0 were developed subsequent HT at follow-up studies. The HMCA sign on MRI was found in 6 @entity2 @entity0 (P=0.00), and all of them had M1 occlusion on angiography. None of the @entity0 in nonhemorrhagic group had HMCA sign on MRI. CONCLUSION: HMCA sign on post-Gd T1WI is highly specific and moderately sensitive indicator of acute @entity3 with M1 MCA segment, as validated by angiography. Additionally, HMCA sign may be a useful marker of subsequent HT in acute @entity1 .

title: Prediction of XXXX transformation after acute @entity1 using hyperintense MCA sign.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The hyperintense appearance of the @entity4 (HMCA) sign consists of a thickened MCA stem with a blurred intense signal on contrast enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T1W MRI). In this article, we define it and determine its incidence, diagnostic value, and reliability by comparison with magnetic resonance angiography and digital subtraction angiography. MATERIALS AND METHIODS: Non-contrast CT and immediately subsequent MRI were performed on 30 consecutive @entity0 with acute @entity1 within 6 hours after symptom onset. Ml @entity0 underwent at least one follow-up MRI or non-contrast CT within 2-7 days. Initial studies were analyzed for @entity5 sign on post-Gd T1WI. Vascular findings on both MRI and CT were compared with findings at MRA and DSA. RESULTS: Eleven @entity0 were developed subsequent HT at follow-up studies. The HMCA sign on MRI was found in 6 @entity2 @entity0 (P=0.00), and all of them had M1 occlusion on angiography. None of the @entity0 in nonhemorrhagic group had HMCA sign on MRI. CONCLUSION: HMCA sign on post-Gd T1WI is highly specific and moderately sensitive indicator of acute @entity3 with M1 MCA segment, as validated by angiography. Additionally, HMCA sign may be a useful marker of subsequent HT in acute @entity1 .

title: Prediction of @entity2 transformation after acute XXXX using hyperintense MCA sign.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In @entity0 with intermittent @entity4 ( @entity4 ) it is common to observe @entity5 in the right precordial leads during normally conducted beats. These changes have usually been interpreted as a result of anteroseptal @entity1 . More recently it has been suggested that they may be the consequence of an electric phenomena secondary to the abnormal ventricular activation. However, the "benign" character of these abnormalities has never been confirmed by clinical studies. We have studied a group of 10 pts (3 males and 7 females), aging between 23 and 66 years (mean 41 +/- 8) with atypical @entity2 admitted to our institution, because of intermittent @entity4 and T wave inversion in the right precordial leads during the normally conducted beats. All @entity0 had normal left ventriculography and coronary angiograms. During the follow-up period (20 to 102 months, mean 4.7 years) they were subjected to serial clinical examinations, 24 hours ECG Holter monitoring echocardiogram and exercise thallium 201 scintigraphy. Within this period of observation, no @entity0 developed symptoms or signs of @entity3 while all but three developed a stable @entity4 (these three @entity0 have been followed only for a limited period of time). Exercise thallium 201 scintigraphy showed in 4 @entity0 a reversible septal perfusion defect during @entity4 . We conclude that @entity5 observed in the normally conducted beats in @entity0 affected by intermittent @entity4 have a favourable prognostic significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [T-wave changes in intermittent XXXX . Pathogenesis and clinical significance].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 foetuses from intra-uterine days E13 through E22 (day before parturition) and adults were used for a qualitative electron-microscopic investigation of the development of ciliated/microvillous surfaces of the olfactory epithelium. In the E13 and most of the E14 embryos the epithelial surface is not yet characteristically olfactory. Apical cell profiles show primary cilia. These can arise at the epithelial surface or below. From E14 onwards the epithelial surface acquires olfactory characteristics. Dendritic endings of the olfactory receptor cells can be found amidst microvillous profiles of supporting cells. Either cell type may bear primary cilia. From @entity2 onwards the receptor cells sprout multiple olfactory cilia, but cells with primary cilia are found throughout pre-natal development. These primary cilia are, at least for a while, retained during the formation of the secondary cilia. Primary cilia always have distinct necklaces at their base. Otherwise, especially with respect to their @entity1 , their morphology can vary. Originally they have expanded @entity1 (up to E14); later on such wide @entity1 are no longer encountered ( @entity2 and E17). Primary cilia of receptor cells never have wide @entity1 . Appreciable numbers of endings with tapering olfactory cilia are discerned around E18 and especially E19. Throughout pre-natal development posterior/superior parts of the septal olfactory epithelium are more precocious than anterior/inferior parts, in particular in the region of transition with the respiratory epithelium. This advance in development includes total densities of dendritic endings of olfactory receptor cells, densities of multiciliated endings alone and lengths of supporting cell microvilli. This difference is discussed with respect to the topography of the olfactory epithelial surface in adult animals. In addition to the systematic topographic variation, a number of more local, apparently not-systematically distributed, topographic variations present during development are described. Most of these also occur in adult animals and they include heterogeneity in length of supporting cell microvilli and the presence of patches of supporting cells with rounded apical protuberances, of patches displaying dendrites with polyaxonemes rather than individual cilia and of scattered atypical cells (neither typical olfactory receptor nor olfactory supporting cells). At their surfaces such atypical cells can resemble inner-ear hair cells. Relative to olfactory receptor and supporting cells there are only very few atypical cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Genesis of cilia and microvilli of XXXX nasal epithelia during pre-natal development. I. Olfactory epithelium, qualitative studies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess interobserver agreement (IOA) in the diagnosis of @entity2 on chest x-rays for @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 7/2002 to 12/2005, 806 adults with @entity3 were included in the multicenter study "CAPNETZ" (7 hospitals). Inclusion criteria were clinical signs of @entity1 and pulmonary opacification on chest x-rays. Each x-ray was reevaluated by two radiologists from the university hospital in consensus reading against the interpreter at the referring hospital in regard to: presence of infiltrate (yes/no/equivocal), transparency (<or=/>50%), localization, and pattern of infiltrates (alveolar/interstitial). The following parameters were documented: digital or film radiography, hospitalization, fever, findings of auscultation, microbiological findings. RESULTS: The overall IOA concerning the detection of infiltrates was 77.7% (n=626; CI 0.75-0.81), the infiltrates were not verified in 16.4% (n=132) by the referring radiologist with equivocal findings in 5.9% (n=48). The IOA of the different clinical centers varied between 63.2% (n=38, CI 0.48-0.78) and 92.3% (n=65, CI 0.86-0.99). The IOA for the diagnosis of infiltrates was significantly higher for inpatients with 82.6% (n=546; CI 0.80-0.85) than for outpatients with 55.2 % (n=80; CI 0.47-0.63), p<0.0001. The IOA of infiltrates with a transparency >50% was 95.1% (n=215; CI 0.92-0.98) versus 80.4% (n=403; CI 0.77-0.84) for infiltrates with a transparency >50% (p<0.0001). In @entity0 with positive auscultation, the @entity4 was higher (p=0,034). Chest x-rays of patients with antibiotic therapy or an alveolar infiltrate showed more equivocal findings compared to @entity0 without these features. CONCLUSION: There is considerable interobserver variability in the diagnosis of @entity2 on chest radiographs. The IOA is higher in more opaque infiltrates, positive auscultation and inpatients.

title: [Interobserver agreement in the assessment of @entity2 on chest radiography in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess interobserver agreement (IOA) in the diagnosis of @entity2 on chest x-rays for @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 7/2002 to 12/2005, 806 adults with @entity3 were included in the multicenter study "CAPNETZ" (7 hospitals). Inclusion criteria were clinical signs of @entity1 and pulmonary opacification on chest x-rays. Each x-ray was reevaluated by two radiologists from the university hospital in consensus reading against the interpreter at the referring hospital in regard to: presence of infiltrate (yes/no/equivocal), transparency (<or=/>50%), localization, and pattern of infiltrates (alveolar/interstitial). The following parameters were documented: digital or film radiography, hospitalization, fever, findings of auscultation, microbiological findings. RESULTS: The overall IOA concerning the detection of infiltrates was 77.7% (n=626; CI 0.75-0.81), the infiltrates were not verified in 16.4% (n=132) by the referring radiologist with equivocal findings in 5.9% (n=48). The IOA of the different clinical centers varied between 63.2% (n=38, CI 0.48-0.78) and 92.3% (n=65, CI 0.86-0.99). The IOA for the diagnosis of infiltrates was significantly higher for inpatients with 82.6% (n=546; CI 0.80-0.85) than for outpatients with 55.2 % (n=80; CI 0.47-0.63), p<0.0001. The IOA of infiltrates with a transparency >50% was 95.1% (n=215; CI 0.92-0.98) versus 80.4% (n=403; CI 0.77-0.84) for infiltrates with a transparency >50% (p<0.0001). In @entity0 with positive auscultation, the @entity4 was higher (p=0,034). Chest x-rays of patients with antibiotic therapy or an alveolar infiltrate showed more equivocal findings compared to @entity0 without these features. CONCLUSION: There is considerable interobserver variability in the diagnosis of @entity2 on chest radiographs. The IOA is higher in more opaque infiltrates, positive auscultation and inpatients.

title: [Interobserver agreement in the assessment of XXXX on chest radiography in @entity3 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Different methods of pure-tone audiometry analysis in @entity2 studies show a lack of agreement with respect to outcome, and the choice of outcome measure influences sample size calculation. BACKGROUND: There is an increasing number of clinical reports on the treatment of @entity2 . For comparison of efficacy between different therapies and for meta-analysis, it is important to consider the outcome measures in different studies. Statistical analysis for comparison of different outcome measures is used in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Controlled clinical studies on the therapy for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were reviewed with respect to their choice of measurement method for the primary endpoint based on pure-tone audiometry. A selection of outcome measures, including different frequencies evaluated, absolute and relative hearing improvement, and different criteria for success, were compared by applying them on the same @entity0 population treated for @entity1 . Agreement between different clinical outcome measures was assessed by using a method described by Bland and Altman. Based on the change in hearing level in the @entity0 population, sample sizes were calculated for various outcome measures and for different criteria of hearing improvement. RESULTS: In 52 controlled studies on the systemic treatment of @entity1 , more than 40 different outcome measures for the primary endpoint were identified. Comparison of measurement methods showed no acceptable agreement between most absolute and relative measures of hearing improvement and between endpoints on the basis of different criteria of success. The differences in outcome in the treatment of @entity1 were more affected by the definition of success than by frequencies included in the pure-tone average. Estimated sample sizes for controlled clinical trials varied substantially with the choice of outcome measure. CONCLUSION: The lack of an acceptable agreement between most measurement methods assessed in this report prevents a meaningful comparison of published clinical studies on @entity1 . For comparison of efficacy between different treatments in @entity1 and for the planning of controlled clinical trials, it is necessary to agree on standardized outcome measures, including the frequencies averaged and the criteria of success.

title: Comparison of pure-tone audiometry analysis in XXXX studies: lack of agreement for different outcome measures.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In this study the incidence of recurrence in radical procedure for @entity3 is more than 37.4%. Of 100 @entity0 undergoing second laparotomy because of recurrence 33% could be resected curatively. The rate of recurrence was independent on sex, negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with @entity1 stage of former operations. Curative operations located at the ascending @entity2 had less recurrences than others. Second operations in curative aims were twice as successful in @entity0 than in @entity0 and equally possible in all decades. Results of recurrences of @entity3 were better than other locations. Tumors of early stages relapsed later. The probability of a radical procedure in recurrence related operations was better in those cases with a long recurrence-free interval. The resectability +/- rate and @entity1 stage of second-look operation were depending on @entity1 stage in the first operation. This means further history of @entity1 disease is determined closely by @entity1 stage in the first operation.

title: [The problem of recurrence in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To assess the clinical outcome of @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity4 managed at a paediatric day treatment centre (DTC). METHODS: Prospective observational study of all @entity0 (3 months to 18 years) with a presumed diagnosis of moderate to severe @entity4 made in a university-affiliated paediatric @entity2 ( @entity2 ) (September 2003 to September 2005). @entity0 treated at the DTC were given @entity5 or @entity6 . RESULTS: During the study period, a presumed diagnosis of moderate to severe @entity4 was made in 224 @entity0 in the @entity2 . Ninety-two @entity0 were treated at the DTC (41%). The @entity4 had a median width of 7.0 cm (range: 1.0-50.0 cm) and a median length of 6.5 cm (range: 1.0-40.0 cm). Blood cultures were performed in 95.7%; one was positive for @entity3 . After a mean of 2.5 days of intravenous therapy (first injection in the @entity2 and a mean of 1.5 days at the DTC), 73 @entity0 (79.3%) were successfully discharged from the @entity7 and switched to an oral agent. For these @entity0 no relapse occurred. Nineteen @entity0 (20.7%) required inpatient admission for further therapy. No @entity0 was diagnosed with @entity1 in the course of therapy. Seventy-eight satisfaction questionnaires were handed in and revealed very good to excellent parental satisfaction with treatment at the DTC in 94.8%. CONCLUSION: Treatment with parenteral antibiotic at a DTC is a viable alternative to hospitalisation for moderate to severe @entity4 in @entity0 .

title: Prospective evaluation of the management of moderate to severe XXXX with parenteral antibiotics at a paediatric day treatment centre.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the impact of pathogens on the evolution of the @entity0 immune system is still under debate, proteins, which both regulate immune responses and serve as cellular receptors for pathogens should be at the forefront of pathogen-driven host evolution. The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene family codes for such proteins and indeed shows tremendous species-specific variation between @entity0 and rodents. Since little is known about the @entity3 gene family in other lineages of placental mammals, we expected to gain new insights into the evolution of the rapidly diverging @entity3 family by analyzing the @entity3 family of the @entity2 . RESULTS: Here we describe the complete @entity3 gene family in the @entity2 . We found that the gene coding for the ITIM-bearing immunoregulatory molecule @entity4 gave rise to a recent expansion of the @entity2 @entity3 gene family by gene duplication, similar to that previously found in @entity0 and @entity1 . However, while the @entity1 and @entity0 CEACAMs ( @entity3 -related cell adhesion molecules) are predominantly secreted and GPI-anchored, respectively, in the @entity2 , most of the CEACAMs represent ITAM-bearing transmembrane proteins. One of these proteins, @entity5 , exhibits nearly complete sequence identity with the ligand-binding N domain of @entity4 , but antagonizing signaling motifs in the cytoplasmic tail. Comparison of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions indicates that the @entity5 N domain is under the strongest purifying selection of all @entity2 @entity4 -related CEACAMs. In addition, @entity5 shows a similar expression pattern in resting immune cells and tissues as @entity4 . However, upon activation @entity5 mRNA and @entity4 mRNA are differentially regulated. CONCLUSION: Thus, @entity4 and @entity5 are the first paired immune receptors identified within the @entity3 gene family, which are expressed on T cells and are most likely involved in the fine-tuning of T cell responses. The direction of gene conversion accompanied by purifying selection and expression in immune cells suggests the possibility that @entity5 evolved in response to selective pressure imposed by species-specific pathogens.

title: Species-specific evolution of immune receptor tyrosine based activation motif-containing XXXX -related immune receptors in the @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the impact of pathogens on the evolution of the @entity0 immune system is still under debate, proteins, which both regulate immune responses and serve as cellular receptors for pathogens should be at the forefront of pathogen-driven host evolution. The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene family codes for such proteins and indeed shows tremendous species-specific variation between @entity0 and rodents. Since little is known about the @entity3 gene family in other lineages of placental mammals, we expected to gain new insights into the evolution of the rapidly diverging @entity3 family by analyzing the @entity3 family of the @entity2 . RESULTS: Here we describe the complete @entity3 gene family in the @entity2 . We found that the gene coding for the ITIM-bearing immunoregulatory molecule @entity4 gave rise to a recent expansion of the @entity2 @entity3 gene family by gene duplication, similar to that previously found in @entity0 and @entity1 . However, while the @entity1 and @entity0 CEACAMs ( @entity3 -related cell adhesion molecules) are predominantly secreted and GPI-anchored, respectively, in the @entity2 , most of the CEACAMs represent ITAM-bearing transmembrane proteins. One of these proteins, @entity5 , exhibits nearly complete sequence identity with the ligand-binding N domain of @entity4 , but antagonizing signaling motifs in the cytoplasmic tail. Comparison of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions indicates that the @entity5 N domain is under the strongest purifying selection of all @entity2 @entity4 -related CEACAMs. In addition, @entity5 shows a similar expression pattern in resting immune cells and tissues as @entity4 . However, upon activation @entity5 mRNA and @entity4 mRNA are differentially regulated. CONCLUSION: Thus, @entity4 and @entity5 are the first paired immune receptors identified within the @entity3 gene family, which are expressed on T cells and are most likely involved in the fine-tuning of T cell responses. The direction of gene conversion accompanied by purifying selection and expression in immune cells suggests the possibility that @entity5 evolved in response to selective pressure imposed by species-specific pathogens.

title: Species-specific evolution of immune receptor tyrosine based activation motif-containing @entity4 -related immune receptors in the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of low power microwave radiation on lens hydration and lens epithelial cells in vitro, and detect the expression of @entity4 , c-fos and @entity3 in lens epithelial cells. METHODS: @entity0 lens were exposed to microwave radiation with frequency of 2450 MHz and power density of 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 mW/cm(2) in vitro. The hydration of lens was measured after 8 hours. Morphological changes of lens epithelial cells were observed using a phase-contrast microscope and @entity2 staining. Expression of @entity4 , c-fos and @entity3 were analyzed using gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis. RESULTS: After 2.0 and 5.0 mW/cm(2) microwave radiation, the hydration of lens was increased compared to control groups (P<0.05), the shape of lens epithelial cells showed shrinking and disorder and cells nuclei appeared chromatin condensation. There was no change of lens and lens epithelial cells after 0.5 mW/cm(2) microwave radiation. The expression of @entity4 was significantly increased in cell membrane, however, decreased in cell cytoplasm after 2.0 mW/cm(2) microwave radiation for 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. There was significantly increased expression of c-fos and @entity3 protein compared with control groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Low power microwave radiation higher than 2.0 mW/cm(2) can activate @entity4 by increasing its expression in cell membrane, then induce high expression of c-fos and @entity3 , which may relate to cellular signaling pathway of microwave @entity1 and lens epithelial cells.

title: [Effects of microwave radiation on lens hydration and expression of XXXX and transcription factors in lens epithelial cells].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is both a social and a behavioral problem that may prompt individuals' demonstration of culturally prescribed behavioral patterns, which in turn, may contribute to their perception and treatment of the disease. OBJECTIVES: The study examines the problems associated with the ways in which students of a Nigerian university perceive @entity1 , seek treatment for the @entity1 , and respond to available treatment options. METHODS: Data were collected using a questionnaire that was administered to 600 male and female undergraduate students in final year classes in 6 fields of study at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife: technology, environmental sciences, social sciences, humanities, health sciences, and pharmacy. An interview schedule was used to conduct an in-depth interview with 120 students who were selected using a systematic sampling technique. The research instrument was pilot tested for validity and reliability, and the items of data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Results revealed that student respondents suffered an average of 2.33 @entity2 attacks per annum, with male students suffering a significantly greater number of attacks than the females (chi(2)=17.21, df=3, P=.05). Additionally, it was observed that 48% of females admitted a preference for injections over other dosage forms compared to 33.3% of their male counterparts. Injections were favored by females because of rapid onset of action and bitter taste accompanying oral dosage forms. It is worth noting, however, that even within this group, self-medication was quite prominent, suggesting that injections are used without the benefit of medical supervision in the sample population. Although no less than 54.6% of the respondents claimed to suffer from @entity3 -induced @entity0 , 41% of the respondents used @entity3 preparations as their drug of choice in seeking a cure for their @entity1 , whereas only 4% used it for prevention of the diseases. CONCLUSION: This study showed that there is no noticeable difference in the perception of @entity2 between male and female students; however, there is a significant difference between the frequency of attacks in the 2 groups, and this may have considerable influence on the ways male and female subjects treat the @entity1 and their subsequent response to treatment.

title: The response of students to XXXX and @entity2 therapy in a university in southwest Nigeria.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is both a social and a behavioral problem that may prompt individuals' demonstration of culturally prescribed behavioral patterns, which in turn, may contribute to their perception and treatment of the disease. OBJECTIVES: The study examines the problems associated with the ways in which students of a Nigerian university perceive @entity1 , seek treatment for the @entity1 , and respond to available treatment options. METHODS: Data were collected using a questionnaire that was administered to 600 male and female undergraduate students in final year classes in 6 fields of study at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife: technology, environmental sciences, social sciences, humanities, health sciences, and pharmacy. An interview schedule was used to conduct an in-depth interview with 120 students who were selected using a systematic sampling technique. The research instrument was pilot tested for validity and reliability, and the items of data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Results revealed that student respondents suffered an average of 2.33 @entity2 attacks per annum, with male students suffering a significantly greater number of attacks than the females (chi(2)=17.21, df=3, P=.05). Additionally, it was observed that 48% of females admitted a preference for injections over other dosage forms compared to 33.3% of their male counterparts. Injections were favored by females because of rapid onset of action and bitter taste accompanying oral dosage forms. It is worth noting, however, that even within this group, self-medication was quite prominent, suggesting that injections are used without the benefit of medical supervision in the sample population. Although no less than 54.6% of the respondents claimed to suffer from @entity3 -induced @entity0 , 41% of the respondents used @entity3 preparations as their drug of choice in seeking a cure for their @entity1 , whereas only 4% used it for prevention of the diseases. CONCLUSION: This study showed that there is no noticeable difference in the perception of @entity2 between male and female students; however, there is a significant difference between the frequency of attacks in the 2 groups, and this may have considerable influence on the ways male and female subjects treat the @entity1 and their subsequent response to treatment.

title: The response of students to @entity2 and XXXX therapy in a university in southwest Nigeria.

answer: @entity2


abstract: While studying differentially expressed genes between sensitive and 10(-5)M @entity2 ( @entity3 ) resistant HT29 @entity0 @entity1 cells, we identified some members of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. The study was followed with the member @entity5 (EC 1.1.1.213), validating its increase in mRNA and protein levels in @entity3 resistant cells. The genomic content for @entity5 remained unchanged between sensitive and resistant cells, thereby excluding a mechanism of @entity5 gene amplification. Thus, we cloned the @entity5 @entity0 promoter and performed luciferase experiments that revealed a transcriptional regulation of the gene in the resistant cells. Computational studies showed a putative binding site for the transcription factor @entity4 . The co-transfection of @entity4 or @entity6 with different constructs of @entity5 promoter deletions, including and excluding the proximal GC-box, demonstrated a key role for these factors in regulating @entity5 transcriptional activity. Gel-shift assays revealed an increase in @entity4 and @entity6 binding in resistant compared to sensitive cells, without differences in @entity4 protein levels. Dephosphorylation of the extracts coincided with a decrease in @entity4 binding, which is consistent with a process of regulation of @entity4 by phosphorylation. We also investigated the possible relationship between @entity5 expression and @entity3 action. Overexpression of @entity5 counteracted the S-phase accumulation of cells and apoptosis caused by @entity3 treatment. This suggests a role of @entity5 in cell proliferation. Finally, overexpression of @entity5 in @entity3 sensitive HT29 cells conferred resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent and silencing of @entity5 by means of iRNA technology sensitized the cells to @entity3 .

title: Transcriptional regulation of aldo-keto reductase 1C1 in HT29 @entity0 @entity1 cells resistant to XXXX : role in the cell cycle and apoptosis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: While studying differentially expressed genes between sensitive and 10(-5)M @entity2 ( @entity3 ) resistant HT29 @entity0 @entity1 cells, we identified some members of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. The study was followed with the member @entity5 (EC 1.1.1.213), validating its increase in mRNA and protein levels in @entity3 resistant cells. The genomic content for @entity5 remained unchanged between sensitive and resistant cells, thereby excluding a mechanism of @entity5 gene amplification. Thus, we cloned the @entity5 @entity0 promoter and performed luciferase experiments that revealed a transcriptional regulation of the gene in the resistant cells. Computational studies showed a putative binding site for the transcription factor @entity4 . The co-transfection of @entity4 or @entity6 with different constructs of @entity5 promoter deletions, including and excluding the proximal GC-box, demonstrated a key role for these factors in regulating @entity5 transcriptional activity. Gel-shift assays revealed an increase in @entity4 and @entity6 binding in resistant compared to sensitive cells, without differences in @entity4 protein levels. Dephosphorylation of the extracts coincided with a decrease in @entity4 binding, which is consistent with a process of regulation of @entity4 by phosphorylation. We also investigated the possible relationship between @entity5 expression and @entity3 action. Overexpression of @entity5 counteracted the S-phase accumulation of cells and apoptosis caused by @entity3 treatment. This suggests a role of @entity5 in cell proliferation. Finally, overexpression of @entity5 in @entity3 sensitive HT29 cells conferred resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent and silencing of @entity5 by means of iRNA technology sensitized the cells to @entity3 .

title: Transcriptional regulation of aldo-keto reductase 1C1 in HT29 @entity0 XXXX cells resistant to @entity2 : role in the cell cycle and apoptosis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: While studying differentially expressed genes between sensitive and 10(-5)M @entity2 ( @entity3 ) resistant HT29 @entity0 @entity1 cells, we identified some members of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. The study was followed with the member @entity5 (EC 1.1.1.213), validating its increase in mRNA and protein levels in @entity3 resistant cells. The genomic content for @entity5 remained unchanged between sensitive and resistant cells, thereby excluding a mechanism of @entity5 gene amplification. Thus, we cloned the @entity5 @entity0 promoter and performed luciferase experiments that revealed a transcriptional regulation of the gene in the resistant cells. Computational studies showed a putative binding site for the transcription factor @entity4 . The co-transfection of @entity4 or @entity6 with different constructs of @entity5 promoter deletions, including and excluding the proximal GC-box, demonstrated a key role for these factors in regulating @entity5 transcriptional activity. Gel-shift assays revealed an increase in @entity4 and @entity6 binding in resistant compared to sensitive cells, without differences in @entity4 protein levels. Dephosphorylation of the extracts coincided with a decrease in @entity4 binding, which is consistent with a process of regulation of @entity4 by phosphorylation. We also investigated the possible relationship between @entity5 expression and @entity3 action. Overexpression of @entity5 counteracted the S-phase accumulation of cells and apoptosis caused by @entity3 treatment. This suggests a role of @entity5 in cell proliferation. Finally, overexpression of @entity5 in @entity3 sensitive HT29 cells conferred resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent and silencing of @entity5 by means of iRNA technology sensitized the cells to @entity3 .

title: Transcriptional regulation of aldo-keto reductase 1C1 in HT29 XXXX @entity1 cells resistant to @entity2 : role in the cell cycle and apoptosis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The fenestrated microvasculature of the area postrema shows a less restrictive blood-brain barrier than is found in other areas of the CNS. We have studied the expression and relationship of vascular endothelial tight junctional proteins, astrocytes, macrophages, and the extracellular matrix with the extravasation of fluorescently tagged dextrans and @entity3 in the @entity0 area postrema. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) -positive astrocytes were present within the area postrema which was surrounded by a dense zone of highly @entity1 -reactive astrocytes. Expression of the tight junction proteins @entity4 , -12 and @entity2 was absent, although diffuse cytoplasmic @entity5 immunoreactivity was present. The extracellular matrix of the endothelium showed two non-fused thickened layers of laminin immunoreactivity. @entity6 and CD169 immunoreactive perivascular macrophages were located within lacunae between these two laminin layers. Fluorescently tagged dextrans (10-70 kDa) passed from the vasculature but were retained between the inner and outer laminin walls and rapidly sequestered by the perivascular @entity6 and CD169 macrophages. Three-kilodalton dextran diffused into the parenchyma, but was retained within the boundary of the area postrema at the interface with the highly reactive @entity1 -astrocytes, while @entity3 (0.3 kDa) passed from the area postrema into surrounding CNS areas. Our observations suggest that despite the absence of a tight blood-brain barrier, a size selective barrier restricting the movement of blood solutes into the parenchyma is present in the area postrema. We suggest that the rapid uptake by @entity6 and CD169 macrophages together with the non-fused laminin immunoreactive layers of the extracellular matrix plays a size selective role in restricting movement of serum proteins and other blood borne macromolecules over 10 kDa in to the area postrema.

title: A size selective vascular barrier in the XXXX area postrema formed by perivascular macrophages and the extracellular matrix.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of complications relating to @entity2 and alignment in @entity0 with refractory congenital and @entity1 treated with aqueous drainage device surgery. METHODS: Chart review of consecutive @entity0 treated with aqueous drainage devices at Duke University Eye Center from 1995 to 2006 for @entity2 and strabismus as well as sensorimotor testing results before and after aqueous drainage device placement. RESULTS: Thirty-eight eyes of 30 @entity0 with @entity3 and 41 eyes of 32 @entity0 with @entity1 were included. Optotype visual acuity testing could be performed in a minority of @entity0 preoperatively. After aqueous drainage device surgery, 14 and 20 eyes, respectively, were >20/100 in the @entity3 and @entity1 groups. Only a few @entity0 had stereopsis or demonstrated binocular function on Worth 4-Dot testing in both groups before and after aqueous drainage device surgery. Horizontal and vertical strabismus was common, especially after aqueous drainage device surgery and occurred in 57% of @entity3 @entity0 and 47% of @entity1 @entity0 . Motility limitation (both vertical and horizontal) was also common and occurred in 37% overall. DISCUSSION: @entity2 and strabismus were common in @entity0 after aqueous drainage device surgery. These potential problems should be considered when aqueous drainage device surgery is planned, especially in @entity0 with binocularity.

title: Aqueous drainage device surgery in refractory pediatric XXXX : II. Ocular motility consequences.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of intravesical instillation of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) requires alkalinisation and concentration of urine before each instillation. The objective of the study was to assess compliance and effectiveness of urine alkalinazation and fluid restriction protocols in @entity0 treated with intravesical instillations of @entity3 for TVNIM. MATERIAL ET METHOD: Descriptive prospective epidemiological study in all @entity0 consecutively treated with intravesical instillations of @entity3 for non-muscle invasive @entity1 (NMIBC). @entity0 should be advised to drink 2  liters of water from Vichy and to perform fluid restriction the day before the instillations. Before each instillation, a questionnaire on the implementation of these measures was filled, density and pH were determined by urinalysis strips. RESULTS: On 126  questionnaires fulfilled, 117  @entity0 (93%) and 106  @entity0 (84%) reported having made alkalinization and fluid restriction, respectively. Ninety-one of @entity0 (78%) reported having performed alkalinization had a pH greater than or equal to 6.5  and the mean urinary pH was 6.94  vs. 5.94  in @entity0 stating not to have made alkalizing (P=0.0001). No significant differences in urine density according to fluid restriction was found. CONCLUSION: The observance of the instructions regarding urine alkalinization before @entity3 instillations was satisfactory and has achieved a sufficiently high urinary pH to prevent degradation of the product in 91% of cases. Conversely, the fluid restriction was not followed closely and has not shown its effectiveness on the concentration of urine. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: [Assessment of the optimization of the conditions of XXXX intravesical instillation completion in the setting of non-muscle invasive @entity1 treatment].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of intravesical instillation of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) requires alkalinisation and concentration of urine before each instillation. The objective of the study was to assess compliance and effectiveness of urine alkalinazation and fluid restriction protocols in @entity0 treated with intravesical instillations of @entity3 for TVNIM. MATERIAL ET METHOD: Descriptive prospective epidemiological study in all @entity0 consecutively treated with intravesical instillations of @entity3 for non-muscle invasive @entity1 (NMIBC). @entity0 should be advised to drink 2  liters of water from Vichy and to perform fluid restriction the day before the instillations. Before each instillation, a questionnaire on the implementation of these measures was filled, density and pH were determined by urinalysis strips. RESULTS: On 126  questionnaires fulfilled, 117  @entity0 (93%) and 106  @entity0 (84%) reported having made alkalinization and fluid restriction, respectively. Ninety-one of @entity0 (78%) reported having performed alkalinization had a pH greater than or equal to 6.5  and the mean urinary pH was 6.94  vs. 5.94  in @entity0 stating not to have made alkalizing (P=0.0001). No significant differences in urine density according to fluid restriction was found. CONCLUSION: The observance of the instructions regarding urine alkalinization before @entity3 instillations was satisfactory and has achieved a sufficiently high urinary pH to prevent degradation of the product in 91% of cases. Conversely, the fluid restriction was not followed closely and has not shown its effectiveness on the concentration of urine. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: [Assessment of the optimization of the conditions of @entity2 intravesical instillation completion in the setting of non-muscle invasive XXXX treatment].

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To determine the accuracy of imaging features, such as @entity2 dimension, multinodularity, nonsmooth @entity2 margins, peritumoral enhancement, and radiogenomic algorithm based on the association between imaging features (internal arteries and hypoattenuating halos) and gene expression that the authors called two-trait predictor of @entity1 (TTPVI), in the prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Materials and Methods This single-center retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and the requirement for informed consent was waived. One hundred twenty-five @entity0 (median age, 63 years; interquartile range, 53-71 years) with a diagnosis of @entity3 and indications for hepatic resection were included. Two observers independently reviewed radiologic images to evaluate the following features for MVI: maximum diameter, number of lesions, @entity2 margins, TTPVI, and peritumoral enhancement. Interobserver agreement was checked, and diagnostic accuracy of radiologic features was investigated. Results The total number of @entity3 nodules was 140. Large @entity2 size, nonsmooth @entity2 margins, TTPVI, and peritumoral enhancement were significantly related to the presence of MVI (P < .05 in all cases and for both observers). Multinodularity was not significantly related (P = .158). Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of the three "worrisome" radiologic features (nonsmooth @entity2 margins, peritumoral enhancement, and TTPVI) was associated with @entity2 size: The negative predictive value of the absence of worrisome features decreased from 0.84 for observer 1 and 0.91 for observer 2 for @entity2 smaller than 2 cm to 0.56 and 0.71, respectively, for @entity2 larger than 5 cm, whereas the presence of all three worrisome features returned to a positive predictive value of 0.95 for observer 1 and 0.96 for observer 2 independent of @entity2 size, with no significant interobserver differences (P > .10). Conclusion "Worrisome" imaging features, such as @entity2 dimension, nonsmooth @entity2 margins, peritumoral enhancement, and TTPVI, have high accuracy in the prediction of MVI in @entity3 . (  ) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: Can Current Preoperative Imaging Be Used to Detect Microvascular Invasion of XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity17 is a devastating inflammatory condition of the intraocular cavities that may result in irreparable @entity9 and rapid destruction of the eye. Almost all cases in the literature have shown an identified source causing @entity17 as a result of direct extension of disease. We present a rare case of bilateral @entity17 . A 72-year-old @entity0 with a history of @entity1 , @entity10 , and recent culture-positive @entity15 with @entity16 status post-surgical stent placement presented with difficulty opening her eyes. She complained of @entity5 (20/200) with @entity4 and @entity12 - right worse then left. Examination demonstrated @entity8 in both retinas consistent with bilateral @entity8 . Bilateral vitreous taps for cultures and staining were performed. @entity0 was given intravitreal injections of @entity13 , @entity11 , @entity18 , and started on oral @entity14 . @entity0 was scheduled for vitrectomy to decrease organism burden and to remove loculated areas of @entity6 that would not respond to systemic antifungal agents. Four weeks after initial presentation, the fungal cultures revealed mold growth consistent with aspergillus. @entity0 was subsequently started on @entity19 and @entity14 was discontinued due to poor efficacy against aspergillus. Further workup was conducted to evaluate for the source of @entity6 and seeding. Transthoracic cardiogram was unremarkable for any @entity2 or @entity7 . MRI of the orbits and sinuses did not reveal any mass lesions or bony destruction. CT of the chest was unremarkable for @entity6 . @entity17 may occur because of one of these several mechanisms: hematogenous dissemination, direct inoculation by @entity3 , and contamination during surgery. Our @entity0 's cause of @entity17 was through an unknown iatrogenic seed.

title: A rare case of bilateral XXXX .

answer: @entity17