abstract: The disease of addiction is upon us and it is obvious that the elderly are not immune. There is every reason to believe from early reports that the elderly respond favorably to treatment, perhaps more so than their younger counterparts. It is believed that treating @entity2 as a @entity1 rather than as a symptom of something else has been a great boon in terms of improving recovery rates. Furthermore, group therapy is the main component of treatment in rehabilitation, as it affords the greatest opportunity to shift the @entity2 on chemical to a @entity2 on @entity0 beings. The physician is in a key position to help the elderly, because so many elderly need and use medical care. Intervention is highly recommended if the doctor is knowledgeable and skilled in this area and is willing to kindly confront the @entity0 with a somewhat undesirable diagnosis. Rehabilitation regimens are becoming more plentiful throughout the country. If services are unavailable, however, there is always AA to fall back on or to recommend initially. Remember, fully one third of all AA members are older than 50 and that it is a source of acceptance, support, and an opportunity to depend on @entity0 beings instead of psychoactive chemicals. Remember too that few @entity0 with addiction recover by themselves. It is worth remembering that this is an incurable disease in that once addicted, it is unlikely that anyone can ever use socially psychoactive chemical substances again. Use of psychoactive chemicals is fraught with danger for the physician and the @entity0 and indeed may place the physician at risk for malpractice. There is great satisfaction to be gained from helping those afflicted with @entity3 and other @entity2 . The gratitude displayed by those receiving help for this affliction is truly remarkable and one that will leave the clinician with a sense of "a job well done."

title: XXXX and other @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Because of complex variables and unsettled treatment issues, a standardized prescription for imaging the acutely traumatized kidney cannot be written. Imaging considerations are based on treatment considerations and will vary from place to place, from @entity0 to @entity0 , from physician to physician, and even from time to time in the same institution. The condition of the @entity0 , the availability of resources and personnel, and (especially) whether existing treatment policy is conservative or aggressive will govern the selection of studies. Above all, since the kidney may be only one of several organs requiring immediate investigation, it is always the totality of the situation that sets the tone for the imaging process. A synthesis of prevailing thought is depicted diagrammatically in Figure 2 and is summarized as follows: CT is the most informative radiologic study in renal @entity2 and is the examination of choice in @entity0 suspected of having serious @entity1 or associated injuries amenable to CT evaluation. CT is wasteful, however, in the stable, asymptomatic @entity0 who is perceived to have only a minor, exclusively @entity1 . Here, excretory urography is an acceptable alternative. Most of these @entity0 will have normal findings at urography, all but ruling out significant @entity1 . The vast majority of @entity0 will fall into this category but for those whose urograms do not provide adequate information for management, CT is performed next. Sonography and radionuclide imaging, while advocated in some quarters, do not enjoy wide acceptance in the United States as first-line triage studies. They are usually reserved for selected situations, mainly for follow-up. Arteriography still has a place, primarily in preoperative road mapping, and for therapeutic interventions such as embolization of bleeding vessels and @entity3 . The role of MR imaging has yet to be defined. The choice of imaging in renal @entity2 requires discretion, judgement, and common sense. Standard protocols are useful, but there is a place for flexibility and the customizing of individual approaches.

title: Imaging of renal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adding genotypes from seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which had previously been associated with @entity0 , to the National @entity2 Institute's Breast @entity2 Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT) increases the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve from 0.607 to 0.632. METHODS: Criteria that are based on four clinical or public health applications were used to compare BCRAT with BCRATplus7, which includes the seven genotypes. Criteria included number of expected life-threatening events for the decision to take @entity3 , expected decision losses (in units of the loss from giving a mammogram to a @entity1 without detectable @entity0 ) for the decision to have a mammogram, rates of risk reclassification, and number of lives saved by risk-based allocation of screening mammography. For all calculations, the following assumptions were made: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, linkage equilibrium across SNPs, additive effects of alleles at each locus, no interactions on the logistic scale among SNPs or with factors in BCRAT, and independence of SNPs from factors in BCRAT. RESULTS: Improvements in expected numbers of life-threatening events were only 0.07% and 0.81% for deciding whether to take @entity3 to prevent @entity0 for @entity1 aged 50-59 and 40-49 years, respectively. For deciding whether to recommend screening mammograms to @entity1 aged 50-54 years, the reduction in expected losses was 0.86% if the ideal @entity0 prevalence threshold for recommending mammography was that of @entity1 aged 50-54 years. Cross-classification of risks indicated that some @entity1 classified by BCRAT would have different classifications with BCRATplus7, which might be useful if BCRATplus7 was well calibrated. Improvements from BCRATplus7 were small for risk-based allocation of mammograms under costs constraints. CONCLUSIONS: The gains from BCRATplus7 are small in the applications examined. Models with SNPs, such as BCRATplus7, have not been validated for calibration in independent cohort data. Additional studies are needed to validate a model with SNPs and justify its use.

title: Value of adding single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypes to a XXXX risk model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In two separate sets of experiments, the phases of the locomotor activity rhythm of the nocturnal field @entity0 Mus booduga were probed using two light pulses (LPs). In the first set of experiments, the circadian pacemaker underlying the locomotor activity rhythm was perturbed at circadian time 14 (CT 14) using a resetting light pulse @entity1 of 1000 lux intensity and 15 min duration. The phases of the resetting pacemaker were then probed at all even CTs between CT 16 and CT 14 using a PRC probing light pulse LP2 of equal strength. The "LP2 PRC" thus obtained was then compared with the single light pulse PRC in terms of the area under delay (D) and advance (A) zones of the PRCs. The time course and waveform of the two LP PRCs suggest that the LP2 PRC resembled the single LP PRC, displaced by 2 h toward the right. The @entity1 PRC had smaller D compared to the single LP PRC (p = 0.007), whereas both the PRCs had A of equal magnitude (p = 0.23). This suggests that the pacemaker phase shifts rapidly after LP perturbations. In the second set of experiments, the @entity1 was administered at CT 14. The phase of the pacemaker was then perturbed on day 1 (next cycle after @entity1 ) either 2 h after activity onset (at ca. CT 14 of the transient cycle) or 8 h after activity onset (at ca. CT 20 of the transient cycle) using an LP2 of equal strength. It was observed that the steady-state phase shifts evoked by positioning an LP2, 2 h after activity onset, were positively correlated with the phase shifts observed on day 1. The steady-state phase shifts observed, when the LP2 was positioned, 8 h after activity onset, were negatively correlated with the phase shifts observed on day 1. These results suggest that the transient cycles do not mirror the state of the pacemaker oscillator.

title: Probing the circadian pacemaker of a XXXX using two light pulses.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: During pregnancy, @entity3 @entity1 is frequent and associated with maternofetal complications. This could be the consequence of sequestration by several adhesion molecules of parasite-infected red blood cells in syncytiotrophoblast. To investigate the expression of ICAM-1 and CD36, two of the adhesion molecules for @entity3 , an immunohistochemical study was carried out in @entity1 -infected placentas. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-five infected and 35 noninfected samples were chosen randomly. According to the histological classification of Bulmer, the infected placentas were separated in three groups: active, active chronic and @entity0 . CD36 was localized in the cytoplasm of stromal cells of terminal villi of infected or noninfected placentas, but not in syncytiotrophoblast. ICAM-1 was detected in the cytoplasm of stromal and endothelial villous cells in both infected and noninfected placentas and in syncytiotrophoblast of eight infected placentas showing more frequently active than active chronic or @entity0 (P < 0.001). The percentage of cells immunostained for CD36 or ICAM-1 was evaluated in the terminal villi. The proportion of villous cells, with ICAM-1 and CD36 immunostaining, was significantly higher in infected vs. noninfected placentas (P < 0.0001) and CD36 was detected more in acute inflammatory vs. past-chronic inflammatory placentas (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The higher expression of ICAM-1 in infected placentas and its localization in syncytiotrophoblast particularly during @entity2 , suggest ICAM-1 can act directly in the sequestration of parasite-infected red blood cells (IRBCs). On the other hand, the expression of CD36 is influenced by the presence of IRBCs without being directly implicated in sequestration of IRBCs. The hyperexpression of these two molecules could explain the high frequency of @entity1 during pregnancy.

title: Hyperexpression of ICAM-1 and CD36 in placentas infected with XXXX : a possible role of these molecules in sequestration of infected red blood cells in placentas.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Measles, mumps and @entity1 (MMR) vaccination was included in the Danish childhood vaccination programme in 1987. During the following 10-y period, 550 notification records of adverse events after MMR vaccination at 15 mo of age have been registered, and a total of 41 notifications have included "gait disturbance". This corresponds to a frequency of 8 per 100,000 doses of MMR vaccine used for 15-mo-old @entity0 . The symptoms and signs are characteristic of @entity2 . In 28 notifications, the descriptions by the doctors included only "gait disturbance", while in 13 an additional interpretation was included. Thirty-two parents (78%) filled in a questionnaire and 26 (63%) agreed to participate in a clinical follow-up study. The gait disturbance symptoms mainly occurred 7-14 d after the vaccination, and the duration was median 1-2 wk (range 1 d to more than 4 mo). One-third of the @entity0 had symptoms lasting more than 2 wk. Significantly more @entity0 with long duration of symptoms had some kind of complaint or clinical signs at the follow-up in 1997. Gait disturbance registered after MMR vaccination seems to be more frequent than hitherto reported. Most cases are mild and short-lasting and a longer duration of symptoms seems to be predictive of late sequelae. A clinical diagnosis of @entity2 after MMR and the exact frequency of this adverse event remains to be tested in prospective studies.

title: Gait disturbance interpreted as XXXX after MMR vaccination at 15 months of age: a follow-up study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether decision support software can help primary care physicians proficiently triage lesions suggestive of basal cell and @entity3 . DESIGN/MEASURES: Physicians selected triage options for 15 digitized images of @entity2 , with and without use of the decision support software. @entity0 /SETTINGS: Twenty primary care physicians practicing in a health maintenance organization or a city health clinic. INTERVENTION: Decision support software designed to help physicians arrive at a triage recommendation consisted of a clinical information form, a decision tree, and support features (teaching points, example images, and diagrams). RESULTS: Without using the decision support software, physicians chose the wrong triage decision 36.7% of the time; using the decision support software, they chose the wrong response only 13.3% of the time. Not using the decision support software, they failed to correctly perform a biopsy on or refer @entity0 with @entity1 22.1% of the time; using the software, they failed to correctly perform a biopsy on or refer @entity0 with @entity1 only 3.6% of the time. Physicians scored an average of 3 points (of a possible 15 points) higher when they used the software (signed rank, 101.0; P<.001). They scored an average of 1 point higher on the 7 @entity1 when they used the software (signed rank, 65.5; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Use of decision support software could improve primary care physicians' triage decisions for lesions suggestive of @entity4 , and potentially reduce morbidity and health care costs. We are designing a larger study to evaluate the accuracy and utility of the software with @entity0 seen in clinical practice.

title: Decision support software to help primary XXXX : a pilot study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differentiation between @entity5 is often difficult. Serum level of Cyfra 21-1, a marker of @entity6 fragments, has been used in the diagnosis and monitoring of epithelial @entity0 , especially @entity1 . AIM: This study is designed to establish the usefulness of effusion Cyfra 21-1 level in differentiating malignant from benign effusions. METHODS: Forty-eight malignant effusion aspirates (proven by cytology or pleural biopsy) and 34 benign samples were compared. Cyfra 21-1 concentration was measured by a solid phase sandwich radioimmunoassay (Centocur, USA). RESULTS: Cyfra 21-1 level was significantly higher in malignant effusions (geometric mean 123.6 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] 76.6-199.4) than in benign ones (geometric mean 14.3 ng/mL, 95% CI 8.5-23.9), p<0.00005. By Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis, the sensitivity is 77% for a specificity of 79% if the cut-off is set at 32 ng/mL. No significant difference was observed (p=0.1) in Cyfra 21-1 concentration between @entity2 and @entity4 effusions. Cyfra 21-1 level was not influenced by the effusion protein concentration (r=0.29), or by renal function as measured by serum @entity3 (r=0.1). There was no significant difference between Cyfra 21-1 levels in benign exudate and transudate effusions, p=0.28. CONCLUSIONS: Cyfra 21-1 is a useful adjunct in the workup of effusions but should not replace conventional investigations as there is considerable overlap in levels between benign and malignant groups. It is unable to differentiate between subgroups of @entity0 .

title: Use of cytokeratin fragments 19.1 and 19.21 (Cyfra 21-1) in the differentiation of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: In pathogenic @entity2 , at least 17 genes are co-ordinately regulated by ToxR. Most of these genes, including those that encode cholera toxin (CT), @entity0 ( @entity0 ), @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and OmpU, are positively regulated. OmpT is the only identified protein under negative regulation of ToxR. To understand the molecular mechanism by which ToxR represses OmpT expression, we cloned ompT and characterized the ompT promoter and its interaction with ToxR. Sequence analysis revealed that ompT encodes a predicted 35.8 kDa outer membrane porin of @entity2 . Primer extension analysis identified a transcriptional start site 104 bp upstream of the translational start codon. Both primer extension analysis and promoter fusion studies showed that ToxR represses OmpT expression at the transcriptional level. Promoter fusion studies also suggest that @entity3 receptor protein (CRP) is involved in ompT activation. Gel mobility shift assays combined with DNase I footprinting analysis demonstrated that ToxR mediates repression of ompT transcription by directly binding to an A/T-rich region between -95 and -30 of the ompT promoter. To further understand how the interaction of ToxR with different promoters results in its function as an activator or repressor, we have also mapped the regions on the ctxAB and toxT promoters to which ToxR binds. The regions protected by ToxR on each of these promoters are all A/T rich and large in size, although they are positioned differently relative to each transcriptional start site.

title: Molecular cloning and transcriptional regulation of ompT, a ToxR-repressed gene in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to reveal the association of serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels with @entity4 receptor (ER) Xba I and Pvu II polymorphisms in 102 healthy Japanese school @entity0 (56M, 46F) aged 10-15 y. Each genotype of the genomic DNA extracted from peripheral leukocytes was determined using polymerase chain reaction and digestion with Xba I or Pvu II. The genotypes were coded as either @entity5 (Pvu II), when XI, P1 signified the absence of and X2, P2 the presence of restriction sites. The fasting serum total @entity1 , high-density lipoprotein @entity1 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity6 were measured. In the Xba I polymorphism, LDL @entity1 , @entity3 levels of the XI/XI genotype were significantly higher than those of the others. The other lipid and apolipoprotein levels were not significantly different among the three genotypes. In the Pvu II polymorphism, there were no significant differences in serum lipids and lipoproteins among the three genotypes. This study reveals that Xba I polymorphisms are related to LDL metabolism. These findings support previous reports that the LDL-lowering effects of @entity4 occur through the ER (alpha) pathway. The Xba I polymorphism may be one of the genetic factors in the control of LDL metabolism.

title: Association of serum low-density lipoprotein metabolism with XXXX receptor gene polymorphisms in healthy @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The aim of this study was to reveal the association of serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels with @entity4 receptor (ER) Xba I and Pvu II polymorphisms in 102 healthy Japanese school @entity0 (56M, 46F) aged 10-15 y. Each genotype of the genomic DNA extracted from peripheral leukocytes was determined using polymerase chain reaction and digestion with Xba I or Pvu II. The genotypes were coded as either @entity5 (Pvu II), when XI, P1 signified the absence of and X2, P2 the presence of restriction sites. The fasting serum total @entity1 , high-density lipoprotein @entity1 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity6 were measured. In the Xba I polymorphism, LDL @entity1 , @entity3 levels of the XI/XI genotype were significantly higher than those of the others. The other lipid and apolipoprotein levels were not significantly different among the three genotypes. In the Pvu II polymorphism, there were no significant differences in serum lipids and lipoproteins among the three genotypes. This study reveals that Xba I polymorphisms are related to LDL metabolism. These findings support previous reports that the LDL-lowering effects of @entity4 occur through the ER (alpha) pathway. The Xba I polymorphism may be one of the genetic factors in the control of LDL metabolism.

title: Association of serum low-density lipoprotein metabolism with @entity4 receptor gene polymorphisms in healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that a newborn @entity0 's cry can be used in conjunction with an instrument to measure @entity1 . Crying due to @entity1 was analysed after a heel-prick stimulus. In a prospective, descriptive study, 50 healthy newborn @entity0 were subjected to a heel-prick for @entity2 screening. Their cries of @entity1 were recorded and analysed. Duration of the crying sound was analysed and, using a sound spectrogram, the fundamental frequency and the cry melody of the first five cry sounds were analysed. The analysis showed that the crying sound after the painful stimulus of the heel-prick had a significantly higher fundamental frequency and lasted longer at the first than at the fifth cry. The first cry had a more varied crying melody than the fifth. There were large differences between individual cries from a single @entity0 , as well as in the duration of each cry, total crying time, and fundamental frequencies between @entity0 . While the first cry was more like a cry of @entity1 , the fifth cry more resembled crying for reasons other than @entity1 . The results suggest that newborn @entity0 react to @entity1 in a recognizable way. However, other stimuli may cause a similar reaction. Crying can therefore be used to measure @entity1 in newborn @entity0 only when the cause of crying is known.

title: Newborn XXXX ' cry after heel-prick: analysis with sound spectrogram.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Computed tomographic (CT) scanning can reveal the pattern and severity of structural @entity2 after @entity4 . With the proliferation of CT scanners in general hospitals, and with improvements in @entity0 transport, the interval from injury to the first CT scan is decreasing. The potential result is an "admission" scan missing an evolving and potentially operable lesion. Furthermore, the literature is confusing regarding the timing and coding of CT findings. We sought to establish the frequency of deterioration in CT appearance from an admission scan to subsequent scans and the prognostic significance of such deterioration. METHODS: In a survey organized by the European @entity6 Consortium, data on initial severity, management, and subsequent outcome were gathered prospectively for 1005 @entity0 with moderate or severe @entity4 admitted to one of 67 European neurosurgical units during a 3-month period in 1995. The findings of the @entity7 scan were classified according to the @entity5 Data Bank system and were related to outcome as assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale 6 months after injury. RESULTS: Data on an initial and a final CT scan were available for 897 @entity0 ; of these, 724 @entity0 were assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months. The initial CT findings were classified as a @entity3 for 53% of the cohort, with 16% of these @entity3 demonstrating deterioration on a subsequent scan. In 56 (74%) of 76 deteriorations, the change was from a @entity3 to a @entity1 . When the initial CT scan demonstrated a @entity3 without swelling or shift, evolution to a @entity1 was associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of an unfavorable outcome (62% versus 38%). When the initial scan demonstrated evidence of swelling or shift, there was a nonsignificant trend in the opposite direction, although the numbers were limited. CONCLUSION: When an admission CT scan demonstrates evidence of a @entity3 , follow-up scans should be performed, because approximately one in six such @entity0 will demonstrate significant CT evolution. In studies comparing series of head-injured @entity0 , correspondence of timing of CT scans is necessary for valid comparison.

title: The value of the "worst" computed tomographic scan in clinical studies of moderate and severe XXXX . European @entity6 Consortium.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Computed tomographic (CT) scanning can reveal the pattern and severity of structural @entity2 after @entity4 . With the proliferation of CT scanners in general hospitals, and with improvements in @entity0 transport, the interval from injury to the first CT scan is decreasing. The potential result is an "admission" scan missing an evolving and potentially operable lesion. Furthermore, the literature is confusing regarding the timing and coding of CT findings. We sought to establish the frequency of deterioration in CT appearance from an admission scan to subsequent scans and the prognostic significance of such deterioration. METHODS: In a survey organized by the European @entity6 Consortium, data on initial severity, management, and subsequent outcome were gathered prospectively for 1005 @entity0 with moderate or severe @entity4 admitted to one of 67 European neurosurgical units during a 3-month period in 1995. The findings of the @entity7 scan were classified according to the @entity5 Data Bank system and were related to outcome as assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale 6 months after injury. RESULTS: Data on an initial and a final CT scan were available for 897 @entity0 ; of these, 724 @entity0 were assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months. The initial CT findings were classified as a @entity3 for 53% of the cohort, with 16% of these @entity3 demonstrating deterioration on a subsequent scan. In 56 (74%) of 76 deteriorations, the change was from a @entity3 to a @entity1 . When the initial CT scan demonstrated a @entity3 without swelling or shift, evolution to a @entity1 was associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of an unfavorable outcome (62% versus 38%). When the initial scan demonstrated evidence of swelling or shift, there was a nonsignificant trend in the opposite direction, although the numbers were limited. CONCLUSION: When an admission CT scan demonstrates evidence of a @entity3 , follow-up scans should be performed, because approximately one in six such @entity0 will demonstrate significant CT evolution. In studies comparing series of head-injured @entity0 , correspondence of timing of CT scans is necessary for valid comparison.

title: The value of the "worst" computed tomographic scan in clinical studies of moderate and severe @entity4 . European XXXX Consortium.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a new, rare clinical complication after routine excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy to correct @entity3 . DESIGN: Case report with clinicopathologic correlation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Four weeks after treatment with excimer laser, a perforating keratoplasty was performed for persistent @entity4 . The corneal button was examined using light and electron microscopy. Special immunohistochemical stains were used to detect apoptosis. RESULTS: The @entity0 developed @entity4 , endothelial precipitates, and a fibrinous exudate in the anterior chamber after the laser treatment. The changes did not respond to therapy directed against bacteria, fungi, and Acanthamoeba. All examinations and special stains were negative for micro-organisms. By light microscopy, an anterior zone of @entity1 was present with a moderate amount of acute inflammatory cells. At the interface between necrotic and viable corneal stroma, keratocytes with typical features of apoptosis were detected by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. CONCLUSION: This is the first full histopathologic report of a case of @entity5 with signs of apoptosis after excimer laser therapy of the @entity2 . Surgeons should be aware of this rare but potentially severe complication.

title: Acute XXXX after excimer laser keratectomy for @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a new, rare clinical complication after routine excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy to correct @entity3 . DESIGN: Case report with clinicopathologic correlation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Four weeks after treatment with excimer laser, a perforating keratoplasty was performed for persistent @entity4 . The corneal button was examined using light and electron microscopy. Special immunohistochemical stains were used to detect apoptosis. RESULTS: The @entity0 developed @entity4 , endothelial precipitates, and a fibrinous exudate in the anterior chamber after the laser treatment. The changes did not respond to therapy directed against bacteria, fungi, and Acanthamoeba. All examinations and special stains were negative for micro-organisms. By light microscopy, an anterior zone of @entity1 was present with a moderate amount of acute inflammatory cells. At the interface between necrotic and viable corneal stroma, keratocytes with typical features of apoptosis were detected by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. CONCLUSION: This is the first full histopathologic report of a case of @entity5 with signs of apoptosis after excimer laser therapy of the @entity2 . Surgeons should be aware of this rare but potentially severe complication.

title: Acute @entity1 after excimer laser keratectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of third ventriculostomies for adult @entity0 with @entity1 caused by @entity1 . METHODS: Eighteen of 64 @entity0 who underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomies (ETVs) between June 1991 and July 1995 were treated because of @entity1 . All of these @entity0 accepted follow-up investigations, which were performed 3 months to 5 years after surgery. If hydrocephalic symptoms persisted, the patency of the ventriculostomy was investigated; in cases of open ventriculostomies, the @entity0 were offered shunt surgery. The effects of the shunt surgery were evaluated after 3 months. RESULTS: After ETV, nine of the @entity0 exhibited excellent improvements, two exhibited slight improvements, one displayed no change, and six demonstrated temporary improvements. The ventriculostomies were patent in all nine @entity0 who experienced less than excellent results. Subsequent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement produced improvements for all seven @entity0 who accepted the surgery. CONCLUSION: In our experience, the long-term effectiveness of ETVs for adult @entity0 with noncommunicating @entity1 was sufficient in only 50% of the cases. One-third of the @entity0 exhibited temporary improvements, lasting 1 to 12 months (average duration, 5 mo) after the ETVs, and then demonstrated deterioration to even worse clinical conditions, despite patent ventriculostomies. All @entity0 who did not exhibit permanent improvements after the ETVs benefited from shunt surgery. Efforts should be made to establish methods for the selection of @entity0 for ETV or ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery.

title: How effective is endoscopic third ventriculostomy in treating adult XXXX caused by @entity1 ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of third ventriculostomies for adult @entity0 with @entity1 caused by @entity1 . METHODS: Eighteen of 64 @entity0 who underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomies (ETVs) between June 1991 and July 1995 were treated because of @entity1 . All of these @entity0 accepted follow-up investigations, which were performed 3 months to 5 years after surgery. If hydrocephalic symptoms persisted, the patency of the ventriculostomy was investigated; in cases of open ventriculostomies, the @entity0 were offered shunt surgery. The effects of the shunt surgery were evaluated after 3 months. RESULTS: After ETV, nine of the @entity0 exhibited excellent improvements, two exhibited slight improvements, one displayed no change, and six demonstrated temporary improvements. The ventriculostomies were patent in all nine @entity0 who experienced less than excellent results. Subsequent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement produced improvements for all seven @entity0 who accepted the surgery. CONCLUSION: In our experience, the long-term effectiveness of ETVs for adult @entity0 with noncommunicating @entity1 was sufficient in only 50% of the cases. One-third of the @entity0 exhibited temporary improvements, lasting 1 to 12 months (average duration, 5 mo) after the ETVs, and then demonstrated deterioration to even worse clinical conditions, despite patent ventriculostomies. All @entity0 who did not exhibit permanent improvements after the ETVs benefited from shunt surgery. Efforts should be made to establish methods for the selection of @entity0 for ETV or ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery.

title: How effective is endoscopic third ventriculostomy in treating adult @entity1 caused by XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was a retrospective evaluation of the treatment of @entity6 using the @entity5 chemical peel technique. @entity0 were treated with standard Baker formula in the operating room under general anesthesia or intravenous sedation with continuous electrocardiogram monitoring. A total of 20 @entity0 were reviewed (13 @entity0 and 7 @entity0 , mean age 3.8 years). Eight @entity0 had nevi located on the face, five @entity0 had @entity1 , and three @entity0 had lesions on the thighs. Two @entity0 had nevi located on both the face and the trunk, and two @entity0 had involvement of the face, trunk, and thigh. Three of the above @entity0 had the classic "bathing trunk" distribution of the nevi. A test area was peeled in four @entity0 , and in five @entity0 preoperative biopsies were performed to rule out malignancy before initiation of therapy. An average of 2.6 treatments were performed per @entity0 . Two @entity0 had adjunctive dermabrasion to increase the depth of peel and to contour surface irregularities. The length of follow-up ranged from 6 to 84 months with a mean of 28 months. Healing of the wounds occurred within 2 to 3 weeks postoperatively. Seventy-five percent of @entity0 had satisfactory cosmetic improvement in the appearance of the lesions following treatment. Four @entity0 had recurrence of the pigmentation after an initial lightening response, three of whom had their nevi subsequently excised. There was no incidence of @entity3 scarring or @entity2 . There was one death from complications of @entity4 . Chemical peeling of @entity6 is an acceptable alternative method of therapy for those lesions that are too large for excision and primary closure or for lesions in which excision would result in unacceptable scars in areas such as the face.

title: Adjunctive treatment of XXXX with @entity5 chemical peel.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The purpose of this study was a retrospective evaluation of the treatment of @entity6 using the @entity5 chemical peel technique. @entity0 were treated with standard Baker formula in the operating room under general anesthesia or intravenous sedation with continuous electrocardiogram monitoring. A total of 20 @entity0 were reviewed (13 @entity0 and 7 @entity0 , mean age 3.8 years). Eight @entity0 had nevi located on the face, five @entity0 had @entity1 , and three @entity0 had lesions on the thighs. Two @entity0 had nevi located on both the face and the trunk, and two @entity0 had involvement of the face, trunk, and thigh. Three of the above @entity0 had the classic "bathing trunk" distribution of the nevi. A test area was peeled in four @entity0 , and in five @entity0 preoperative biopsies were performed to rule out malignancy before initiation of therapy. An average of 2.6 treatments were performed per @entity0 . Two @entity0 had adjunctive dermabrasion to increase the depth of peel and to contour surface irregularities. The length of follow-up ranged from 6 to 84 months with a mean of 28 months. Healing of the wounds occurred within 2 to 3 weeks postoperatively. Seventy-five percent of @entity0 had satisfactory cosmetic improvement in the appearance of the lesions following treatment. Four @entity0 had recurrence of the pigmentation after an initial lightening response, three of whom had their nevi subsequently excised. There was no incidence of @entity3 scarring or @entity2 . There was one death from complications of @entity4 . Chemical peeling of @entity6 is an acceptable alternative method of therapy for those lesions that are too large for excision and primary closure or for lesions in which excision would result in unacceptable scars in areas such as the face.

title: Adjunctive treatment of @entity6 with XXXX chemical peel.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In previous experiments, we observed signs of @entity4 in @entity0 overexpressing @entity7 ( @entity7 ) under the control of a muscle specific promotor and in peroxisome proliferators activated receptor alpha ( @entity5 ) knockout @entity0 overexpressing @entity7 under the control of the same promotor. In our current investigations, we focussed on morphological consequences and changes in mRNA and protein expression in hearts from these animals. mRNA expression was analysed by differential display analysis and Northern blot as well as by cDNA microarray analysis followed by pathway analysis. Protein expression was examined using immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. @entity1 was determined by chromotrope @entity6 blue staining for collagen. A distinct increase in the expression of alpha-tubulin mRNA was noted in hearts of all mutant @entity0 strains compared with the control. This result was paralleled by increased alpha-tubulin protein expression. Using cDNA microarray analysis, we detected an activation of apoptosis, in particular an increase of @entity2 expression in hearts of @entity0 overexpressing @entity7 but not in @entity5 knockout @entity0 overexpressing @entity7 . This finding was confirmed immunohistochemically. In addition, we identified a distinct interstitial increase in collagen and an increase around blood vessels. In our @entity0 model, we detect mRNA and protein changes typical for @entity3 even before overt clinical signs of @entity4 . In addition, a small but distinct increase in the rate of apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and fibrotic changes contributes to @entity4 in @entity0 overexpressing @entity7 , whereas additional deficiency in @entity5 seems to protect hearts from these effects.

title: Apoptosis and @entity1 are early features of XXXX in an animal model of @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In previous experiments, we observed signs of @entity4 in @entity0 overexpressing @entity7 ( @entity7 ) under the control of a muscle specific promotor and in peroxisome proliferators activated receptor alpha ( @entity5 ) knockout @entity0 overexpressing @entity7 under the control of the same promotor. In our current investigations, we focussed on morphological consequences and changes in mRNA and protein expression in hearts from these animals. mRNA expression was analysed by differential display analysis and Northern blot as well as by cDNA microarray analysis followed by pathway analysis. Protein expression was examined using immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. @entity1 was determined by chromotrope @entity6 blue staining for collagen. A distinct increase in the expression of alpha-tubulin mRNA was noted in hearts of all mutant @entity0 strains compared with the control. This result was paralleled by increased alpha-tubulin protein expression. Using cDNA microarray analysis, we detected an activation of apoptosis, in particular an increase of @entity2 expression in hearts of @entity0 overexpressing @entity7 but not in @entity5 knockout @entity0 overexpressing @entity7 . This finding was confirmed immunohistochemically. In addition, we identified a distinct interstitial increase in collagen and an increase around blood vessels. In our @entity0 model, we detect mRNA and protein changes typical for @entity3 even before overt clinical signs of @entity4 . In addition, a small but distinct increase in the rate of apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and fibrotic changes contributes to @entity4 in @entity0 overexpressing @entity7 , whereas additional deficiency in @entity5 seems to protect hearts from these effects.

title: Apoptosis and XXXX are early features of @entity4 in an animal model of @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In previous experiments, we observed signs of @entity4 in @entity0 overexpressing @entity7 ( @entity7 ) under the control of a muscle specific promotor and in peroxisome proliferators activated receptor alpha ( @entity5 ) knockout @entity0 overexpressing @entity7 under the control of the same promotor. In our current investigations, we focussed on morphological consequences and changes in mRNA and protein expression in hearts from these animals. mRNA expression was analysed by differential display analysis and Northern blot as well as by cDNA microarray analysis followed by pathway analysis. Protein expression was examined using immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. @entity1 was determined by chromotrope @entity6 blue staining for collagen. A distinct increase in the expression of alpha-tubulin mRNA was noted in hearts of all mutant @entity0 strains compared with the control. This result was paralleled by increased alpha-tubulin protein expression. Using cDNA microarray analysis, we detected an activation of apoptosis, in particular an increase of @entity2 expression in hearts of @entity0 overexpressing @entity7 but not in @entity5 knockout @entity0 overexpressing @entity7 . This finding was confirmed immunohistochemically. In addition, we identified a distinct interstitial increase in collagen and an increase around blood vessels. In our @entity0 model, we detect mRNA and protein changes typical for @entity3 even before overt clinical signs of @entity4 . In addition, a small but distinct increase in the rate of apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and fibrotic changes contributes to @entity4 in @entity0 overexpressing @entity7 , whereas additional deficiency in @entity5 seems to protect hearts from these effects.

title: Apoptosis and @entity1 are early features of @entity4 in an animal model of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: There is a need for a simple clinical measurement that will indicate the extent of @entity2 after successful thrombolysis. This study examined whether coronary artery reperfusion reduced the @entity4 size as assessed electrocardiographically after thrombolytic treatment. The sum of the (sigma) ST segment area in leads showing ST segment elevation in the 12 lead electrocardiogram at presentation was used as an index of potential @entity2 (initial ischaemic index). The evolved @entity4 size at 48 h was assessed by a QRS scoring system. Two groups of @entity0 , both admitted with anterior @entity3 within 6 h of onset, were studied. Group 1 (n = 35) received analgesia only and group 2 (n = 33) received thrombolytic treatment either by the intracoronary (streptokinase, n = 13) or intravenous route (anistreplase, n = 20). Reperfusion was assessed angiographically. The mean (SD) potential @entity4 size assessed by the initial ischaemic index was similar in both groups (group 1, sigma ST area = 115 (60) @entity1 and group 2 = 126 (77 @entity1 ). The QRS score representing evolved @entity4 size was significantly lower in the treated group (4.1 (2.5] than in group 1 (7.8 (2.6]. The 95% confidence intervals for QRS scores based on the admission sigma ST area from @entity0 with successful reperfusion were applied to a third set of @entity0 (n = 22) to test the ability of the admission ST area ( @entity2 ) to predict the QRS score accurately. While @entity0 with successful reperfusion had significantly lower QRS scores than those who did not (4.5 (3.1) versus 9.3 (3.4)), the wide confidence intervals caused by inter-individual variability precluded an accurate prediction of the QRS score in an individual from the sigma ST area at time of presentation. There was no difference in @entity4 size in @entity0 treated early (</= 3 h) (QRS score 4.2(2.8)) or later (3-6 h) (4.1(2.1)). This study provides evidence that sequential electrocardiographic changes are reduced in @entity0 with anterior @entity4 who achieve reperfusion after thrombolytic treatment and that this benefit is shown with treatment given up to six hours after @entity4 onset. None the less, the relation between the initial ischaemic index and the evolved QRS score has wide confidence intervals, reflecting inter-individual variability, and does not allow the prediction of a QRS score in an individual @entity0 .

title: Electrocardiographic evidence of XXXX after thrombolysis in acute @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: There is a need for a simple clinical measurement that will indicate the extent of @entity2 after successful thrombolysis. This study examined whether coronary artery reperfusion reduced the @entity4 size as assessed electrocardiographically after thrombolytic treatment. The sum of the (sigma) ST segment area in leads showing ST segment elevation in the 12 lead electrocardiogram at presentation was used as an index of potential @entity2 (initial ischaemic index). The evolved @entity4 size at 48 h was assessed by a QRS scoring system. Two groups of @entity0 , both admitted with anterior @entity3 within 6 h of onset, were studied. Group 1 (n = 35) received analgesia only and group 2 (n = 33) received thrombolytic treatment either by the intracoronary (streptokinase, n = 13) or intravenous route (anistreplase, n = 20). Reperfusion was assessed angiographically. The mean (SD) potential @entity4 size assessed by the initial ischaemic index was similar in both groups (group 1, sigma ST area = 115 (60) @entity1 and group 2 = 126 (77 @entity1 ). The QRS score representing evolved @entity4 size was significantly lower in the treated group (4.1 (2.5] than in group 1 (7.8 (2.6]. The 95% confidence intervals for QRS scores based on the admission sigma ST area from @entity0 with successful reperfusion were applied to a third set of @entity0 (n = 22) to test the ability of the admission ST area ( @entity2 ) to predict the QRS score accurately. While @entity0 with successful reperfusion had significantly lower QRS scores than those who did not (4.5 (3.1) versus 9.3 (3.4)), the wide confidence intervals caused by inter-individual variability precluded an accurate prediction of the QRS score in an individual from the sigma ST area at time of presentation. There was no difference in @entity4 size in @entity0 treated early (</= 3 h) (QRS score 4.2(2.8)) or later (3-6 h) (4.1(2.1)). This study provides evidence that sequential electrocardiographic changes are reduced in @entity0 with anterior @entity4 who achieve reperfusion after thrombolytic treatment and that this benefit is shown with treatment given up to six hours after @entity4 onset. None the less, the relation between the initial ischaemic index and the evolved QRS score has wide confidence intervals, reflecting inter-individual variability, and does not allow the prediction of a QRS score in an individual @entity0 .

title: Electrocardiographic evidence of @entity2 after thrombolysis in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: While global @entity0 gene expression data sets have considerable commonality in terms of their data content, the populations that they represent and the data collection methods utilized can be quite disparate. We sought to assess the extent and consequence of these systematic differences with respect to identifying clinically significant prognostic groups. METHODS: We ascertained how effectively unsupervised clustering employing randomly generated sets of genes could segregate @entity2 into prognostic groups using four well-characterized @entity0 data sets. RESULTS: Using a common set of 5,000 randomly generated lists (70 genes/list), the percentages of clusters with significant differences in @entity1 latencies (HR p-value<0.01) was 62%, 15%, 21% and 0% in the NKI2 (Netherlands Cancer Institute), Wang, TRANSBIG and KJX64/KJ125 data sets, respectively. Among ER positive @entity2 , the percentages were 38%, 11%, 4% and 0%, respectively. Few random lists were predictive among ER negative @entity2 in any data set. Clustering was associated with ER status and, after globally adjusting for the effects of @entity3 gene expression, the percentages were 25%, 33%, 1% and 0%, respectively. The impact of adjusting for ER status depended on the extent of confounding between @entity3 gene expression and markers of proliferation. CONCLUSION: It is highly probable to identify a statistically significant association between a given gene list and prognosis in the NKI2 dataset due to its large sample size and the interrelationship between @entity3 expression and markers of proliferation. In most respects, the TRANSBIG data set generated similar outcomes as the NKI2 data set, although its smaller sample size led to fewer statistically significant results.

title: Intrinsic bias in XXXX gene expression data sets.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ricin is a lethal toxin that inhibits protein synthesis. It is easily extracted from a ubiquitously grown plant, @entity3 , and thus readily available for use as a bioweapon (BW). Anti-ricin antibodies provide the only known therapeutic against ricin intoxication. RESULTS: In this study, after immunizing a non- @entity0 primate ( @entity2 ) with the ricin chain A (RTA), a phage-displayed immune library was built (2 x 108 clones), that included the lambda light chain fragment. The library was screened against ricin, and specific binders were sequenced and further analyzed. The best clone, 43RCA, was isolated using a new, stringent neutralization test. 43RCA had a high, picomolar affinity (41 pM) and neutralized ricin efficiently (IC50 = 23 +/- 3 ng/ml, corresponding to a [ @entity5 ]/[ricin] molar ratio of 4). The neutralization capacity of 43RCA compared favourably with that of polyclonal anti-deglycosylated A chain (anti-dgRCA) IgGs, obtained from hyperimmune mouse serum, which were more efficient than any monoclonal at our disposal. The 43RCA sequence is very similar to that for human IgG germline genes, with 162 of 180 identical @entity1 for the VH and @entity4 (90% sequence identity). CONCLUSION: Results of the characterization studies, and the high degree of identity with @entity0 germline genes, altogether make this anti-ricin @entity5 , or an IgG derived from it, a likely candidate for use in @entity0 to minimize effects caused by ricin intoxication.

title: Isolation of a human-like antibody fragment ( XXXX ) that neutralizes ricin biological activity.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 has existed for a considerable period of time and it is currently one of the most prevalent @entity1 in the world. One repercussion from using these compounds is that abuse may result in lethality. In an attempt to better understand the @entity0 associated with @entity2 , the authors surveyed the @entity0 records from the Commonwealth of Virginia from 1987 to 1996. Examination of the state records identified 39 @entity0 related to @entity2 during this time period. While no significant increase or decrease in the @entity0 rate was observed across the time period investigated, all regions of Virginia were affected, with the rates being highest in the northern and eastern regions of the state. Age of @entity0 ranged from 13 to 42 years with the majority of @entity0 (70%) occurring at 22 years of age or younger. Ninety-five per cent of the individuals were male, with @entity1 @entity0 accounting for 0.3% of all @entity0 in males aged 13-22 years. The chief volatile substances used were gas fuels (46%), predominately @entity5 and @entity6 , @entity8 (26%), @entity4 and @entity7 (21%), and other volatile substances including volatile anesthetics. Deaths associated with the abuse of @entity5 and @entity3 were more likely to be traumatic, but all substances appeared capable of killing directly by their toxic effects, probably through cardiac and/or respiratory mechanisms. The ramifications of these findings for regulation and prevention are addressed.

title: Deaths associated with XXXX in Virginia from 1987 to 1996.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Between 1969 and 1987, 68 @entity0 with @entity1 were treated. The median cyst size was 10 cm (range 2-25 cm). Nine @entity0 were managed conservatively with resolution of the @entity1 in eight @entity0 . These @entity0 had significantly smaller (median 4 cm) cysts compared with those in both percutaneously and surgically treated @entity0 (P less than 0.01). In 22 @entity0 the @entity1 (median 9 cm) were punctured percutaneously under ultrasound guidance and the cyst fluid was aspirated or drained through a catheter. Complete resolution occurred in 13 @entity0 after 1-4 (mean 1.8) punctures per @entity0 , regression occurred in six @entity0 after 1-4 (mean 2.0) puncture procedures per @entity0 and three were unchanged. No complications were noted, except that two @entity0 treated percutaneously required additional surgery. Thirty-seven @entity0 were managed surgically (median cyst size 11 cm) with external drainage (12 @entity0 ), cystgastrostomy (17 @entity0 ), cystduodenostomy (three @entity0 ) cystjejunostomy (three @entity0 ) and pancreatic resection (two @entity0 ). Resolution of the cyst was noted in 29 @entity0 , regression in five and three were unchanged. Five @entity0 required additional surgery. Twelve complications were seen in ten @entity0 (27 per cent), most frequently after external drainage. One @entity0 died after surgical treatment. Mean hospital stay was 13 days among @entity0 treated conservatively and 30 days in both percutaneously and surgically treated @entity0 . Aspiration or catheter drainage of pseudocyst fluid guided by ultrasonography seems a safe and effective treatment of @entity1 and should be considered as initial therapy. If surgery is required cystgastrostomy is preferred.

title: Management of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Epidemiological evidence from diverse @entity0 populations, supported by experimental evidence from animal models, suggests that maternal nutrition during pregnancy is an important fetal programming influence upon @entity2 . Experiments with a low-protein-diet model of @entity1 pregnancy suggest a role for the renin-angiotensin system in the programming mechanism, since fetal undernutrition permanently elevates pulmonary and plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. Long-term beneficial effects of @entity7 on blood pressure in this model require further investigation in order to clarify the role of @entity6 . Pregnant @entity1 were fed a control diet containing 18% (w/w) casein as the protein source or a low-protein diet containing 9% (w/w) casein. Between the ages of 2 and 4 weeks postnatally, mothers and their pups were treated with @entity8 or @entity4 . All pups in the study had blood pressure determined at 4 and 12 weeks of age using a tail cuff. Animals exposed to the low-protein diet in utero and not subjected to drug treatment had elevated blood pressure relative to control @entity1 (mean increase of 27 mmHg; P<0.001). Treatment of @entity1 exposed to the control diet in utero with either @entity4 or @entity8 between 2 and 4 weeks of age did not alter their blood pressure. @entity4 had no effect upon the blood pressure of low-protein-exposed pups, but @entity8 prevented the blood pressure elevation in these animals. Between 4 and 12 weeks of age, blood pressure increased significantly in all groups (P<0.001). The pattern of blood pressure among the groups was identical to that observed at 4 weeks, suggesting that the observed early effects of @entity8 would be maintained into adult life. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that @entity6 plays a major role in the prenatal programming of @entity3 . The action of @entity6 at the @entity5 (1) receptor between 2 and 4 weeks of age may be critically up-regulated by fetal factors, including exposure to glucocorticoids of maternal origin.

title: Antihypertensive treatment in early postnatal life modulates prenatal dietary influences upon blood pressure in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The expression of nitrilase in @entity1 during the development of the @entity0 caused by the obligate biotroph Plasmodiophora brassicae was investigated. A time course study showed that only during the exponential growth phase of the clubs was nitrilase prominently enhanced in infected roots compared with controls. @entity4 and @entity5 are the nitrilase isoforms predominantly expressed in clubroot tissue, as shown by investigating promoter-beta-glucuronidase fusions of each. Two peaks of beta-glucuronidase activity were visible: an earlier peak (21 d post inoculation) consisting only of the expression of @entity4 , and a second peak at about 32 d post inoculation, which predominantly consisted of @entity5 expression. Using a polyclonal antibody against nitrilase, it was shown that the protein was mainly found in infected cells containing sporulating plasmodia, whereas in cells of healthy roots and in uninfected cells of inoculated roots only a few immunosignals were detected. To determine which effect a missing nitrilase isoform might have on symptom development, the P. brassicae infection in a nitrilase mutant ( @entity4 -3) of @entity1 was investigated. As a comparison, transgenic plants overexpressing @entity5 under the control of the @entity2 35S promoter were studied. Root galls were smaller in @entity4 -3 plants compared with the wild type. The phenotype of smaller clubs in the mutant was correlated with a lower free @entity3 content in the clubs compared with the wild type. Overexpression of nitrilase did not result in larger clubs compared with the wild type. The putative role of nitrilase and auxins during symptom development is discussed.

title: Expression and localization of nitrilase during symptom development of the XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The expression of nitrilase in @entity1 during the development of the @entity0 caused by the obligate biotroph Plasmodiophora brassicae was investigated. A time course study showed that only during the exponential growth phase of the clubs was nitrilase prominently enhanced in infected roots compared with controls. @entity4 and @entity5 are the nitrilase isoforms predominantly expressed in clubroot tissue, as shown by investigating promoter-beta-glucuronidase fusions of each. Two peaks of beta-glucuronidase activity were visible: an earlier peak (21 d post inoculation) consisting only of the expression of @entity4 , and a second peak at about 32 d post inoculation, which predominantly consisted of @entity5 expression. Using a polyclonal antibody against nitrilase, it was shown that the protein was mainly found in infected cells containing sporulating plasmodia, whereas in cells of healthy roots and in uninfected cells of inoculated roots only a few immunosignals were detected. To determine which effect a missing nitrilase isoform might have on symptom development, the P. brassicae infection in a nitrilase mutant ( @entity4 -3) of @entity1 was investigated. As a comparison, transgenic plants overexpressing @entity5 under the control of the @entity2 35S promoter were studied. Root galls were smaller in @entity4 -3 plants compared with the wild type. The phenotype of smaller clubs in the mutant was correlated with a lower free @entity3 content in the clubs compared with the wild type. Overexpression of nitrilase did not result in larger clubs compared with the wild type. The putative role of nitrilase and auxins during symptom development is discussed.

title: Expression and localization of nitrilase during symptom development of the @entity0 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A recently introduced optometric technique, colorimetry, enables the perceptual effects of ophthalmic tints to be evaluated subjectively, optimized, and then prescribed in tinted spectacles. The new technique is beneficial in reducing visual stress in @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity2 . We describe an open trial designed to ascertain: (1) whether the colorimetry assessment, as it is now given, is safe for the investigation of photosensitive @entity0 in optometry clinics where colorimetry equipment is most readily available, but where EEG control is not practical; (2) what proportion of @entity0 with @entity3 is likely to benefit to the extent already described in individual cases; (3) whether a tint selected by colorimetry could be shown to reduce the incidence of paroxysmal epileptiform EEG activity in response to flicker and patterns, thereby validating the subjective methods and corroborating the reported @entity1 reduction. Twenty-four females and nine males (aged 12-43 years) took part. All the @entity0 had suffered visually-provoked @entity1 , had exhibited a photoparoxysmal response on at least one previous EEG recording, and had received a diagnosis of @entity3 . Twenty-two were currently experiencing @entity1 . A further EEG was recorded in all except seven cases: a routine resting record, followed by hyperventilation. Colorimetry was performed after hyperventilation and before photic stimulation. Twenty-three (70%) reported beneficial effects during colorimetry and were prescribed glasses. There was a preponderance of lenses with a rose or purple colour, in contrast to @entity0 with @entity4 . Seventeen of the 23 @entity0 were available at follow-up, an average of 2.4 years later. Thirteen (57%) reported benefits, and said they were still using the lenses. In six of the 13 the benefits were pronounced, including a reduction of dizziness from fluorescent lighting, elimination of aura when using computer screens etc. Only in three cases was there a @entity1 that could reasonably be attributed to the use of lenses; in two of these cases no medications were prescribed, and in the third the medications remained unchanged for four years, two before and two after the introduction of the glasses. In an additional four cases a @entity1 was observed but medication had been changed. There was a modest reduction in EEG photosensitivity with the coloured lenses but also to an equivalent or lesser extent with grey in all of the eight @entity0 examined in this way. One @entity0 had @entity1 during colorimetry, but the @entity1 were not accompanied by scalp EEG changes.

title: Treatment of XXXX using coloured glasses.

answer: @entity3


abstract: To study the economic implications of @entity1 in Hong Kong, a cost-of-illness study was performed on a retrospective cohort of medically treated @entity0 from a regional hospital. A societal perspective was examined. Utilization data from 1992 to 1996 were reviewed to obtain the direct costs. Lost productivity was used as a proxy for estimating the indirect costs. Future cost projected over 10 years was derived by incorporating model parameters. Of 745 records reviewed, total direct costs added up to USD 0.98 million and indirect costs to USD 1.32 million. Regarding the overall direct costs, hospitalization was the most consumptive item among @entity0 with a shorter history of @entity1 and those with suboptimal @entity2 control. The mean total cost per @entity0 increased steadily from 1992 to 1996 except for those with long-standing remission, and was highest in @entity0 with medically @entity1 in terms of both the actual value and rate of increment. Parameters with the most leverage on future cost would be unemployment rate and annual discount rate. The overall economy of the society would exert a major effect on the future cost of @entity1 , in particular, for @entity0 with poorly controlled disease.

title: Cost of XXXX in Hong Kong: experience from a regional hospital.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report on four @entity0 with @entity9 who developed acute @entity6 ( @entity6 ) during or soon after treatment with high dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and to determine the clinical profile of @entity0 prone to this complication. METHODS: The clinical history of the four @entity0 is reported with details concerning age, sex, indication for IVIG treatment, risk factors, timing of the @entity6 and outcome. The relevant medical literature has been reviewed. RESULTS: The @entity0 , three @entity0 and one @entity0 , aged 42-67, received IVIG treatment for different @entity9 . All had a history of @entity8 or previous risk factors such as @entity3 , @entity2 , hyperlipidaemia and @entity1 . Two of the @entity0 suffered a @entity6 after the first infusion of IVIG while the others-after the 5th and 15th pulses. @entity6 occurred during the infusion in two @entity0 and after a few days in the others. All the @entity0 recovered from the acute event. These observations are in concert with sporadic cases of IVIG related @entity7 reported in the medical literature. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with vascular risk factors such as old age, @entity3 , history of @entity2 or @entity4 , the possibility of IVIG related @entity5 should be considered and IVIG prescribed with a cautious reweighted risk/benefit consideration.

title: Acute @entity6 associated with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin infusion for XXXX . A study of four cases.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report on four @entity0 with @entity9 who developed acute @entity6 ( @entity6 ) during or soon after treatment with high dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and to determine the clinical profile of @entity0 prone to this complication. METHODS: The clinical history of the four @entity0 is reported with details concerning age, sex, indication for IVIG treatment, risk factors, timing of the @entity6 and outcome. The relevant medical literature has been reviewed. RESULTS: The @entity0 , three @entity0 and one @entity0 , aged 42-67, received IVIG treatment for different @entity9 . All had a history of @entity8 or previous risk factors such as @entity3 , @entity2 , hyperlipidaemia and @entity1 . Two of the @entity0 suffered a @entity6 after the first infusion of IVIG while the others-after the 5th and 15th pulses. @entity6 occurred during the infusion in two @entity0 and after a few days in the others. All the @entity0 recovered from the acute event. These observations are in concert with sporadic cases of IVIG related @entity7 reported in the medical literature. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with vascular risk factors such as old age, @entity3 , history of @entity2 or @entity4 , the possibility of IVIG related @entity5 should be considered and IVIG prescribed with a cautious reweighted risk/benefit consideration.

title: Acute XXXX associated with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin infusion for @entity9 . A study of four cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 (CT) constitutes one of the major choices for the pharmacologic treatment of postmenopausal and @entity3 . In @entity3 , CT, analogous to @entity4 , determines increase of bone mass, improvement of intestinal @entity7 absorption and a positivization of @entity7 balance. @entity0 treated with CT can also benefit from the analgesic effect of the hormone. Unlike @entity4 , these beneficial effects of CT occur with minimal risk and require no routine gynecological monitoring. In addition, CT is completely devoid of @entity1 . The only limitations to the use of CT are linked to the frequent parenteral injections and the occurrence of side effects. These limitations can now be overcome by the availability of the new nasal spray preparation, which has been developed for synthetic salmon calcitonin (sCT). The introduction of this new form increases the @entity0 ' compliance, and the different pharmacokinetic curtails the side effects, compared to the parenteral administration. At present, one-year controlled studies have been reported, showing a beneficial effect of sCT on bone mass in @entity0 with established @entity3 . Also, shorter studies demonstrate the analgesic activity of sCT treatment in @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity2 . The improvement in the @entity0 ' compliance and the reduction of side effects allow this new CT preparation to be used in the prevention of @entity3 .

title: Salmon calcitonin (Miacalcic) nasal spray in prevention and treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the direct application of vibratory stimuli inhibits @entity2 and improves motor function in the hemiplegic upper limbs of post- @entity1 @entity0 . DESIGN: Prospective pilot study. SETTING: University hospital rehabilitation centre. SUBJECTS: Fourteen post- @entity1 @entity0 (mean age = 57.3 years; SD = 19.1 years). INTERVENTIONS: A hand and forearm stimulation device and an upper-arm stimulation device, consisting of vibrators, a wooden frame and a cloth @entity4 , applied to the upper limbs of subjects. MAIN MEASURES: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) score, F-wave parameters and motor-function parameters (finger tapping, active range of motion and the simple test for evaluating hand function). RESULTS: Subjects showed significant and potentially durable improvements in @entity3 score (p < 0.01), F-wave parameters (p < 0.01) and motor-function parameters (p < 0.05). The @entity3 score, F-wave parameters and motor-function parameters dropped below the baseline values after vibratory stimulation. The @entity3 score and F-wave parameters remained significantly below the baseline 30 minutes after stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: The direct application of vibratory stimuli is an effective non-pharmacological anti- @entity2 treatment that could facilitate @entity1 rehabilitation. These results provide good evidence of potential short-term benefits of anti- @entity2 vibratory therapy in post- @entity1 @entity0 in terms of decreased muscle tonus and improved motor function.

title: Anti- XXXX effects of the direct application of vibratory stimuli to the @entity2 muscles of hemiplegic limbs in post- @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the direct application of vibratory stimuli inhibits @entity2 and improves motor function in the hemiplegic upper limbs of post- @entity1 @entity0 . DESIGN: Prospective pilot study. SETTING: University hospital rehabilitation centre. SUBJECTS: Fourteen post- @entity1 @entity0 (mean age = 57.3 years; SD = 19.1 years). INTERVENTIONS: A hand and forearm stimulation device and an upper-arm stimulation device, consisting of vibrators, a wooden frame and a cloth @entity4 , applied to the upper limbs of subjects. MAIN MEASURES: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) score, F-wave parameters and motor-function parameters (finger tapping, active range of motion and the simple test for evaluating hand function). RESULTS: Subjects showed significant and potentially durable improvements in @entity3 score (p < 0.01), F-wave parameters (p < 0.01) and motor-function parameters (p < 0.05). The @entity3 score, F-wave parameters and motor-function parameters dropped below the baseline values after vibratory stimulation. The @entity3 score and F-wave parameters remained significantly below the baseline 30 minutes after stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: The direct application of vibratory stimuli is an effective non-pharmacological anti- @entity2 treatment that could facilitate @entity1 rehabilitation. These results provide good evidence of potential short-term benefits of anti- @entity2 vibratory therapy in post- @entity1 @entity0 in terms of decreased muscle tonus and improved motor function.

title: Anti- @entity2 effects of the direct application of vibratory stimuli to the XXXX muscles of hemiplegic limbs in post- @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the direct application of vibratory stimuli inhibits @entity2 and improves motor function in the hemiplegic upper limbs of post- @entity1 @entity0 . DESIGN: Prospective pilot study. SETTING: University hospital rehabilitation centre. SUBJECTS: Fourteen post- @entity1 @entity0 (mean age = 57.3 years; SD = 19.1 years). INTERVENTIONS: A hand and forearm stimulation device and an upper-arm stimulation device, consisting of vibrators, a wooden frame and a cloth @entity4 , applied to the upper limbs of subjects. MAIN MEASURES: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) score, F-wave parameters and motor-function parameters (finger tapping, active range of motion and the simple test for evaluating hand function). RESULTS: Subjects showed significant and potentially durable improvements in @entity3 score (p < 0.01), F-wave parameters (p < 0.01) and motor-function parameters (p < 0.05). The @entity3 score, F-wave parameters and motor-function parameters dropped below the baseline values after vibratory stimulation. The @entity3 score and F-wave parameters remained significantly below the baseline 30 minutes after stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: The direct application of vibratory stimuli is an effective non-pharmacological anti- @entity2 treatment that could facilitate @entity1 rehabilitation. These results provide good evidence of potential short-term benefits of anti- @entity2 vibratory therapy in post- @entity1 @entity0 in terms of decreased muscle tonus and improved motor function.

title: Anti- @entity2 effects of the direct application of vibratory stimuli to the @entity2 muscles of hemiplegic limbs in post- XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the direct application of vibratory stimuli inhibits @entity2 and improves motor function in the hemiplegic upper limbs of post- @entity1 @entity0 . DESIGN: Prospective pilot study. SETTING: University hospital rehabilitation centre. SUBJECTS: Fourteen post- @entity1 @entity0 (mean age = 57.3 years; SD = 19.1 years). INTERVENTIONS: A hand and forearm stimulation device and an upper-arm stimulation device, consisting of vibrators, a wooden frame and a cloth @entity4 , applied to the upper limbs of subjects. MAIN MEASURES: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) score, F-wave parameters and motor-function parameters (finger tapping, active range of motion and the simple test for evaluating hand function). RESULTS: Subjects showed significant and potentially durable improvements in @entity3 score (p < 0.01), F-wave parameters (p < 0.01) and motor-function parameters (p < 0.05). The @entity3 score, F-wave parameters and motor-function parameters dropped below the baseline values after vibratory stimulation. The @entity3 score and F-wave parameters remained significantly below the baseline 30 minutes after stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: The direct application of vibratory stimuli is an effective non-pharmacological anti- @entity2 treatment that could facilitate @entity1 rehabilitation. These results provide good evidence of potential short-term benefits of anti- @entity2 vibratory therapy in post- @entity1 @entity0 in terms of decreased muscle tonus and improved motor function.

title: Anti- @entity2 effects of the direct application of vibratory stimuli to the @entity2 muscles of hemiplegic limbs in post- @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the short-term effects of infrared (IR) and therapeutic ultrasound (US) on clinical and electrophysiological measures of @entity1 and range of motion (ROM) in @entity2 @entity0 with plantar flexor muscle @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN: A cross-sectional, single centre trial. INTERVENTIONS: Ultrasound and Infrared were used. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Twenty-one @entity0 (13 males and eight females) aged 27-78 years (mean +/- SD: 60.4 +/- 13.2) were randomly assigned into either the US or IR treatment groups. The IR and US were delivered for 20 and 10 minutes, respectively. The H-reflex, Ashworth scale (AS) and ROM were collected before, immediately after and 15 minutes after the end of the treatment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Both groups were statistically similar on all variables at the beginning of the study. Results indicated that the dependent variables were not significantly different between groups at the end of study. The use of IR and US was not associated with significant reductions of H-reflex and Ashworth scores. A significant main effect for time on active and passive ROM was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded neither IR nor US reduced electrophysiological or clinical measures of @entity1 in this sample of @entity0 .

title: Efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound and infrared in the management of muscle XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 premutations are considered to be a risk factor for @entity2 ( @entity2 ), which is usually defined as menopause at age <40 years. Since premutations may be inherited from either the mother or the father, we evaluated the influence of the inheritance pattern on the duration of reproductive life in female carriers. The occurrence of @entity2 and age at menopause in @entity0 with a paternally inherited @entity1 premutation (PIP) were compared to those in @entity0 with a @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We identified 148 @entity0 in whom the parental origin of the premutation could be determined. In 109 of these @entity0 we were able to establish whether @entity2 had occurred: 82 @entity0 had a PIP, and 27 had a @entity1 . Twenty-three of the @entity0 (28%) with a PIP had @entity2 , versus only 1 (3.7%) with a @entity1 (two -tailed Fisher's exact test; P=. 007). Kaplan-Meier analysis of all 148 premutations showed that the age at menopause was significantly lower in the @entity0 with a PIP than in the @entity0 with a @entity1 (Breslow test in Kaplan-Meier analysis; P=.003). Our data strongly suggest that, when @entity2 occurs in @entity1 premutation carriers, a considerable proportion of the premutations are inherited paternally (parent-of-origin effect). We hypothesize that this may be owing to a paternal genomic imprinting effect.

title: Imprinting effect in @entity2 confined to paternally inherited XXXX premutations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 premutations are considered to be a risk factor for @entity2 ( @entity2 ), which is usually defined as menopause at age <40 years. Since premutations may be inherited from either the mother or the father, we evaluated the influence of the inheritance pattern on the duration of reproductive life in female carriers. The occurrence of @entity2 and age at menopause in @entity0 with a paternally inherited @entity1 premutation (PIP) were compared to those in @entity0 with a @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We identified 148 @entity0 in whom the parental origin of the premutation could be determined. In 109 of these @entity0 we were able to establish whether @entity2 had occurred: 82 @entity0 had a PIP, and 27 had a @entity1 . Twenty-three of the @entity0 (28%) with a PIP had @entity2 , versus only 1 (3.7%) with a @entity1 (two -tailed Fisher's exact test; P=. 007). Kaplan-Meier analysis of all 148 premutations showed that the age at menopause was significantly lower in the @entity0 with a PIP than in the @entity0 with a @entity1 (Breslow test in Kaplan-Meier analysis; P=.003). Our data strongly suggest that, when @entity2 occurs in @entity1 premutation carriers, a considerable proportion of the premutations are inherited paternally (parent-of-origin effect). We hypothesize that this may be owing to a paternal genomic imprinting effect.

title: Imprinting effect in XXXX confined to paternally inherited @entity1 premutations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2 is often associated with @entity3 . This study examines the relationship between the presence of @entity1 and surgical outcome in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: In this institutional retrospective study, we reviewed the charts of 200 consecutive @entity0 who underwent surgical correction for @entity2 between 1991 and 1995. Preoperative clinical characteristics and subsequent need for additional strabismus surgery for a residual or consecutive deviation were noted. Minimum follow-up was 6 months after the original operation. RESULTS: Of the 84 @entity0 who met the inclusion criteria, 15 @entity0 (18%) had latent or manifest @entity1 , and 69 @entity0 (82%) had no @entity1 . Eight of the 15 @entity0 with @entity1 had or required reoperation according to our criteria (53%). Nineteen of the 69 @entity0 (28%) without @entity1 had or required reoperation (P =.155). CONCLUSIONS: Nystagmus, when associated with @entity2 , may increase the risk of requiring additional strabismus surgery for residual or consecutive deviations. Appropriate and complete preoperative counseling of @entity0 with @entity2 who also have @entity1 should include this increased risk.

title: The relationship between XXXX and surgical outcome in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2 is often associated with @entity3 . This study examines the relationship between the presence of @entity1 and surgical outcome in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: In this institutional retrospective study, we reviewed the charts of 200 consecutive @entity0 who underwent surgical correction for @entity2 between 1991 and 1995. Preoperative clinical characteristics and subsequent need for additional strabismus surgery for a residual or consecutive deviation were noted. Minimum follow-up was 6 months after the original operation. RESULTS: Of the 84 @entity0 who met the inclusion criteria, 15 @entity0 (18%) had latent or manifest @entity1 , and 69 @entity0 (82%) had no @entity1 . Eight of the 15 @entity0 with @entity1 had or required reoperation according to our criteria (53%). Nineteen of the 69 @entity0 (28%) without @entity1 had or required reoperation (P =.155). CONCLUSIONS: Nystagmus, when associated with @entity2 , may increase the risk of requiring additional strabismus surgery for residual or consecutive deviations. Appropriate and complete preoperative counseling of @entity0 with @entity2 who also have @entity1 should include this increased risk.

title: The relationship between @entity1 and surgical outcome in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Previous studies in vitro have shown that monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against gangliosides GD3 and GD2 potentiate lymphocyte responses to a variety of stimuli. The purpose of the present study was to determine by immunohistological techniques whether GD3 and GD2 was expressed on lymphoid cells in vivo around @entity1 cells. Studies on @entity0 in lymph nodes indicated that the lymphoid infiltrate around the margins of the @entity0 was predominantly @entity4 + T cells, which were shown by dual labelling techniques to express mainly GD2 and to a lesser extent GD3. @entity4 + @entity3 cells were detected more frequently in cortical regions of the lymph nodes. @entity5 + T cells were less numerous than @entity4 + T cells and expressed both GD3 and GD2. Expression of GD2 was also prominent on @entity4 + T cells, B lymphocytes and @entity2 in germinal centres, whereas GD3 was mainly expressed on T cells in the margins of the follicles. In contrast to the predominance of @entity4 + T cells in lymph nodes, @entity4 + and @entity5 + T cells were in approximately equal proportions about primary @entity1 and @entity0 in skin. GD2 was largely undetectable on lymphocytes at these sites. In contrast, GD3 was detected on both @entity5 + and @entity4 + lymphocytes but not on B lymphocytes. The absence of GD2 on @entity4 + T cells in skin suggested the latter were a different subpopulation to those in lymph nodes. There appeared to be no clear correlation, however, with subsets of @entity4 T cells defined by the 2H4 and Leu 8 MAbs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Expression of the gangliosides GD3 and GD2 on lymphocytes in tissue sections of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding and the reasons for water supplementation, and investigate whether water is necessary in the humid climate of Colombo. SETTING: Well baby clinic in De Soysa Maternity Hospital for @entity0 , Colombo. SUBJECTS: 200 breast fed @entity0 born in a baby friendly hospital between the ages of 1 and 4 months. METHODS: The study sample was randomly selected. Sick @entity0 and those of working mothers were excluded. The mothers' knowledge of feeding practices was recorded in an interviewer administered questionnaire. The @entity0 ' weights, lengths and rectal temperatures were measured and the osmolality of urine estimated. The room temperature and relative humidity were recorded on each day of study. The data were analysed using the Chi-Square statistical test. RESULTS: 69% of mothers introduced supplementary fluids within the first 4 months, because of advice from grandmothers or relatives, thirst, @entity3 or @entity1 . 45% had introduced water with "rathakalkaya", a fluid traditionally given to @entity0 in @entity2 Lanka. 90% of mothers had attended antenatal clinics in the De Soysa Hospital for @entity0 . 70% of mothers who gave supplementary fluids were aware of the importance of exclusive breast feeding. The range of urine osomolalities of exclusively breast fed @entity0 was 60 to 204 mosmol/kg. There were no significant differences in core temperatures and number of times urine was voided daily, or urine osmolalities, between exclusively breast fed and fluids-supplemented group of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite delivery in a baby friendly hospital a majority of mothers supplemented breast milk with water or other fluids during the first 4 months. The advice of grandmothers had a significant influence on early feeding practices. Exclusively breast fed @entity0 were found to maintain water homeostasis under the hot, humid climatic conditions of this study.

title: Do babies need water in XXXX Lanka?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Identifying the normal concerns of @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) facilitates a comprehensive approach to their medical care. Clinically, it can be easily appreciated that the concerns of @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) may differ and that this may have a substantial impact on both coping and treatment decisions. However, sex differences have received little empirical study. METHODS: Significant differences between the sexes on the 25 items of the Rating Form of @entity1 @entity0 Concerns (RFIPC) were determined in 343 subjects by univariate ANOVA with disease type and sex as factors, correcting for multiple comparisons and covarying for @entity1 symptom severity. RESULTS: Compared with @entity0 , @entity0 reported higher levels of @entity1 symptom severity and higher overall RFIPC scores. @entity0 were more concerned than @entity0 about feelings related to their bodies, attractiveness, feeling alone and having @entity0 . There was an interaction between disease and sex regarding concern about sexual performance and intimacy. In both cases, @entity0 with @entity2 reported less concern than each other comparison group. The illness concerns that differ between sexes are not the most intense concerns in either sex. DISCUSSION: These results confirm that sex has a significant influence on a number of illness concerns, particularly concerns related to self-image and relationships. The interaction of disease type and sex with respect to concern over sexual performance and intimacy is open to several potential explanations and requires further research. Sex differences should be considered in the treatment of @entity1 . Specific inquiry into sex-specific concerns may be useful for the clinician. Further research is required to replicate these retrospective findings.

title: Influence of sex and disease on illness-related concerns in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) receive one or more surgical interventions throughout their clinical history. Conservative surgery has recently been proposed as a safe and effective option for the treatment of complicated @entity1 and for the prevention of @entity3 and stoma. @entity0 AND METHODS: One hundred nineteen @entity0 affected by @entity1 were treated with stricture plasty and mini-resection in our Department between January 1993 and January 1998. At admission, the prior complete clinical and surgical history of each @entity0 was collected and then inserted in a prospectively maintained data base. Analysis of recurrence was made using the Kaplan-Meier function and the influence of certain variables on the risk of recurrence was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: Perioperative mortality was nil, @entity2 occurred in 8 @entity0 (6.7%). Overall long term surgical recurrence at 5 years was 28%, 35% in @entity0 operated on within one year and 15% in those treated after one year from the diagnosis (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Stricture plasty and minimal resections show lower perioperative @entity2 similar to resective surgery. From risk factor analysis, a group of @entity0 with high risk of surgical recurrence emerged. In this group and whenever technically possible, we consider stricture plasty and minimal resection the gold standard in the treatment of complicated @entity1 .

title: [The conservative surgery of XXXX : the long-term results].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify production of @entity1 with @entity3 . METHODS: Production of @entity1 and elimination of its metabolites, @entity6 and @entity4 , determines ultimately the level of those metabolites in plasma of subjects whose diets lack them. We measured simultaneously plasma levels and renal clearance of @entity6 and @entity4 in 20 @entity0 with @entity3 and in 21 healthy pregnant @entity0 . Fifteen preeclamptic gravidas were receiving antihypertensive medication and five received betamethasone 1-4 days before the study. Subjects were prescribed low @entity6 and @entity4 diets for 24 hours and fasted overnight before collection of plasma and urine samples. @entity6 and @entity4 were measured spectrophotometrically by Griess reaction. RESULTS: Preeclamptic @entity0 had significantly higher plasma levels of @entity6 and @entity4 (18.1+/-6.2 micromol/L versus 13.0+/-4.3 micromol/L, mean+/-standard deviation [SD], P = .009), which because renal clearance did not differ (0.6+/-0.3 versus 0.7+/-0.3 mL/s), indicated increased production of @entity1 with @entity3 that was unaffected by antihypertensives or @entity8 . The mean plasma level of @entity5 was increased (5.1+/-1.4 versus 3.6+/-1.0 pg/mL, P < .001), and urinary output of the @entity7 metabolite @entity9 was decreased (39.1+/-18.0 versus 61.3+/-35.6 ng/mmol @entity2 , P = .019) with @entity3 . These two endothelial markers showed no relation to plasma @entity6 and @entity4 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 production was increased with @entity3 . The biologic significance of increased production is unknown, but it might be compensation for the vasoconstriction of @entity3 .

title: @entity1 production with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify production of @entity1 with @entity3 . METHODS: Production of @entity1 and elimination of its metabolites, @entity6 and @entity4 , determines ultimately the level of those metabolites in plasma of subjects whose diets lack them. We measured simultaneously plasma levels and renal clearance of @entity6 and @entity4 in 20 @entity0 with @entity3 and in 21 healthy pregnant @entity0 . Fifteen preeclamptic gravidas were receiving antihypertensive medication and five received betamethasone 1-4 days before the study. Subjects were prescribed low @entity6 and @entity4 diets for 24 hours and fasted overnight before collection of plasma and urine samples. @entity6 and @entity4 were measured spectrophotometrically by Griess reaction. RESULTS: Preeclamptic @entity0 had significantly higher plasma levels of @entity6 and @entity4 (18.1+/-6.2 micromol/L versus 13.0+/-4.3 micromol/L, mean+/-standard deviation [SD], P = .009), which because renal clearance did not differ (0.6+/-0.3 versus 0.7+/-0.3 mL/s), indicated increased production of @entity1 with @entity3 that was unaffected by antihypertensives or @entity8 . The mean plasma level of @entity5 was increased (5.1+/-1.4 versus 3.6+/-1.0 pg/mL, P < .001), and urinary output of the @entity7 metabolite @entity9 was decreased (39.1+/-18.0 versus 61.3+/-35.6 ng/mmol @entity2 , P = .019) with @entity3 . These two endothelial markers showed no relation to plasma @entity6 and @entity4 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 production was increased with @entity3 . The biologic significance of increased production is unknown, but it might be compensation for the vasoconstriction of @entity3 .

title: XXXX production with @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost savings of replacing intravenous @entity1 with enterally administered @entity2 in mechanically ventilated @entity0 who require long-term continuous sedation. DESIGN: Retrospective review of @entity0 treated according to a preestablished pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) sedation protocol. SETTING: Twenty-six-bed pediatric ICU in a tertiary care @entity0 's hospital. @entity0 : The records of 30 mechanically ventilated @entity0 were analyzed. The median age was 1.5 yrs and the median weight was 8.0 kg. @entity0 required continuous sedation for a total of 16 days (median). INTERVENTIONS: According to our pediatric ICU sedation protocol, @entity1 infusion was continued until the hourly @entity1 requirement was stable for at least 24 hrs. Thereafter, @entity0 with a nasojejunal tube who were likely to require a minimum of three additional days of continuous sedation were transitioned from intravenous @entity1 to enterally administered @entity2 . The goal in transitioning therapy was to titrate the @entity2 dose and reduce @entity1 administration while maintaining an unchanged level of sedation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The rate of @entity1 administration was significantly (p<.05) reduced beginning on day 1 of @entity2 treatment. @entity1 was successfully discontinued in 24 (80%) @entity0 in 3 days (median), and adequate and appropriate sedation was maintained with @entity2 monotherapy. Six @entity0 in whom @entity1 could not be discontinued experienced a 52% reduction in the rate of @entity1 administration as a result of adding @entity2 . Total projected @entity1 utilization was defined as the sum of @entity1 administration before initiating @entity2 and the projected @entity1 requirement after initiating @entity2 . Projected @entity1 cost was calculated as the product of total projected @entity1 utilization and @entity1 acquisition cost. Actual expenditures for both @entity1 and @entity2 were subtracted from the projected @entity1 cost to calculate the estimated cost savings. Overall, @entity1 utilization (in milligrams) was reduced by 46.7+/-27.6% (median 52). Total projected @entity1 cost for the 30 @entity0 was  90,771. The actual cost of @entity1 and @entity2 combined was  47,867, resulting in a cost savings of  42,904. CONCLUSIONS: Transitioning from intravenous @entity1 to enterally administered @entity2 in critically ill @entity0 who require long-term sedation results in significant cost savings. The oral formulation of @entity2 was convenient to use, inexpensive, and effective in maintaining a continuous and appropriate level of sedation once @entity1 was discontinued.

title: A cost analysis of enterally administered XXXX in the pediatric intensive care unit.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2 is a leading cause of @entity3 and disability in @entity0 . Guidelines have been established to prevent secondary @entity7 caused by @entity5 or @entity4 . The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence, monitoring, and treatment of @entity5 and @entity4 during "early" (prehospital and emergency department) care and to evaluate their relationship to vital status and neurologic outcomes at hospital discharge. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 299 @entity0 with moderate-to-severe @entity2 presenting to a level 1 pediatric @entity1 center. We recorded vital signs and medical provider response to @entity5 and/or @entity4 during all portions of early care. RESULTS: Blood pressure (31%) and oxygenation (34%) were not recorded during some portion of "early care." Documented @entity5 occurred in 118 @entity0 (39%). An attempt to treat documented @entity5 was made in 48% (57 of 118 @entity0 ). After adjusting for severity of illness, @entity0 who did not receive an attempt to treat @entity5 had an increased odds of @entity3 of 3.4 and were 3.7 times more likely to @entity6 compared with treated @entity5 @entity0 . Documented @entity4 occurred in 131 @entity0 (44%). An attempt to treat @entity4 was made in 92% (121 of 131 @entity0 ). Untreated @entity4 was not significantly associated with @entity3 or disability, except in the setting of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and @entity4 are common events in pediatric @entity2 . Approximately one third of @entity0 are not properly monitored in the early phases of their management. Attempts to treat @entity5 and @entity4 significantly improved outcomes.

title: Early resuscitation of @entity0 with moderate-to-severe XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2 is a leading cause of @entity3 and disability in @entity0 . Guidelines have been established to prevent secondary @entity7 caused by @entity5 or @entity4 . The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence, monitoring, and treatment of @entity5 and @entity4 during "early" (prehospital and emergency department) care and to evaluate their relationship to vital status and neurologic outcomes at hospital discharge. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 299 @entity0 with moderate-to-severe @entity2 presenting to a level 1 pediatric @entity1 center. We recorded vital signs and medical provider response to @entity5 and/or @entity4 during all portions of early care. RESULTS: Blood pressure (31%) and oxygenation (34%) were not recorded during some portion of "early care." Documented @entity5 occurred in 118 @entity0 (39%). An attempt to treat documented @entity5 was made in 48% (57 of 118 @entity0 ). After adjusting for severity of illness, @entity0 who did not receive an attempt to treat @entity5 had an increased odds of @entity3 of 3.4 and were 3.7 times more likely to @entity6 compared with treated @entity5 @entity0 . Documented @entity4 occurred in 131 @entity0 (44%). An attempt to treat @entity4 was made in 92% (121 of 131 @entity0 ). Untreated @entity4 was not significantly associated with @entity3 or disability, except in the setting of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and @entity4 are common events in pediatric @entity2 . Approximately one third of @entity0 are not properly monitored in the early phases of their management. Attempts to treat @entity5 and @entity4 significantly improved outcomes.

title: Early resuscitation of XXXX with moderate-to-severe @entity2 .

answer: @entity0