abstract: The clinicopathology and surgical outcome of @entity3 are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to clarify the clinicopathologic features of @entity3 and evaluate prognostic factors influencing survival. Forty consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 undergoing surgical resection at Chiba University Hospital between October 1981 and October 1997 were analyzed retrospectively. @entity3 were classified as hilar-invasive type ( n = 26) or peripheral type ( n = 14). @entity0 with @entity2 had a significantly ( p = 0.005) better 5-year survival rate (43%) than those with the hilar-invasive type (4%). @entity1 had perineural invasion (100%) and nodal involvement (85%) more frequently than did @entity2 . Despite aggressive surgical resection, the surgical margin was positive in 88% of @entity0 with @entity1 (23/26) and 29% of @entity0 with @entity2 (4/14). There was no evidence of a survival benefit of vascular resection for @entity0 with a hilar-invasive @entity3 . @entity0 with lymph node @entity1 had a significantly worse prognosis ( p = 0.0004). No @entity0 with nodal involvement survived more than 38 months. Negative perineural invasion ( p = 0.008) and a negative microscopic margin ( p = 0.008) were significantly associated with improved survival. Better survival results could be achieved by curative resection with a free margin for hilar-invasive and peripheral @entity3 .

title: Aggressive surgical resection for hilar-invasive and peripheral XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity6 have a @entity1 rate. When nonsymptomatic, in selected @entity0 , they can be managed without surgery; however, a high degree of diagnostic reliability is crucial. We admitted 100 consecutive cases (87 @entity0 with a median age of 51.86 years). Of these, 44 were symptomatic and 56 were diagnosed incidentally. Ultrasound correctly diagnosed 53% of the cases, incorrectly 31%, and was nondiagnostic in 16%. Computed tomography scan had similar rates (54%, 34% and 12%, respectively), while magnetic resonance imaging improved diagnostic accuracy to 74% and reduced incorrect diagnoses to 26%. In 21 cases, exploratory needle aspiration of the cyst was carried out; only 8 samples (38%) resulted in a diagnosis; in 12 @entity0 (57%) insufficient material was acquired to allow for diagnosis, one case demonstrated @entity5 . In 1 @entity0 an exploratory puncture resulted in a very serious @entity4 . Sixty-eight @entity0 were treated surgically, the 44 symptomatic cases and another 24 @entity0 with ill-defined @entity2 that could not be differentiated as serous or mucinous in the preoperative period. Two @entity0 underwent resection because of @entity1 growth. In the two time periods analyzed (the first 7 years and the subsequent 6.5 years) the relationship between cases observed/operated on did not significantly change. Twenty-one (30.8%) distal pancreatectomies, 14 (20.5%) intermediate resections, 10 (14.7%) pancreaticoduodenectomies 4 (5.8%) enucleations, and 1 (1.4%) duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection were carried out. Nine @entity0 (13.2%), underwent exploratory laparotomy with a diagnostic biopsy. Another 9 underwent decompressive interventions with cystojejunostomies. The morbidity was 27.9%, with a reoperation rate of 7.3% and zero mortality. In general the @entity0 's @entity3 resolved in the postoperative period. Median follow-up was 43 months (range, 4-191 months). One @entity0 died from other causes, and all others are currently alive. In the group of 32 @entity0 who did not undergo operation, the median follow-up is 69 months (range, 8-164 months). Until more sophisticated technologies can be developed, the current diagnostic work-up will not result in increased preoperative diagnosis of serous-cystic @entity1 of the pancreas. This is mainly relevant to the oligocystic forms, which account for about one fourth of all serous @entity1 observed.

title: Management of 100 consecutive cases of XXXX : wait for symptoms and see at imaging or vice versa?

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity2 of the addition of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) to external beam radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty eight previously untreated @entity0 with locally advanced @entity3 were entered on a Phase II trial of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) combined with standard external beam radiation therapy. @entity5 was given concurrently with irradiation. Four @entity0 received less than 25% of the intended dose of @entity5 and were ineligible for further analysis. The stage of the remaining @entity0 were T2c-11, T3-39, T4-1, bulky local recurrence after prostatectomy-1, and T3, N1-2. RESULTS: Forty-five of 54 @entity0 (83.3%) achieved a clinical complete response (CCR) in the prostate and seminal vesicles as judged by digital rectal exam (DRE). Responses were rapid with a median time to CCR of 3.4 months, range 0-22.8 months. Local control was maintained in 82% of the @entity0 who achieved a CCR. Fifteen of 32 eligible @entity0 with a normal DRE underwent prostate biopsies from 12-20 months after treatment, seven had negative biopsies (46.6%). Distant @entity1 occurred in 18 @entity0 (33.3%). Pretreatment prostatic specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, and stage were not associated with treatment outcome in a univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: While @entity5 plus radiation was associated with a rapid CCR, the overall treatment outcome of these @entity0 appeared to be similar to published reports of @entity0 receiving RT alone. The rapid response rate may imply biologic activity of the @entity5 . In future trials, it may be reasonable to focus on @entity0 at lower risk for the subsequent development of distant disease.

title: Phase II trial of external beam radiation with XXXX ( @entity4 ) for the treatment of locally advanced @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity2 of the addition of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) to external beam radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty eight previously untreated @entity0 with locally advanced @entity3 were entered on a Phase II trial of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) combined with standard external beam radiation therapy. @entity5 was given concurrently with irradiation. Four @entity0 received less than 25% of the intended dose of @entity5 and were ineligible for further analysis. The stage of the remaining @entity0 were T2c-11, T3-39, T4-1, bulky local recurrence after prostatectomy-1, and T3, N1-2. RESULTS: Forty-five of 54 @entity0 (83.3%) achieved a clinical complete response (CCR) in the prostate and seminal vesicles as judged by digital rectal exam (DRE). Responses were rapid with a median time to CCR of 3.4 months, range 0-22.8 months. Local control was maintained in 82% of the @entity0 who achieved a CCR. Fifteen of 32 eligible @entity0 with a normal DRE underwent prostate biopsies from 12-20 months after treatment, seven had negative biopsies (46.6%). Distant @entity1 occurred in 18 @entity0 (33.3%). Pretreatment prostatic specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, and stage were not associated with treatment outcome in a univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: While @entity5 plus radiation was associated with a rapid CCR, the overall treatment outcome of these @entity0 appeared to be similar to published reports of @entity0 receiving RT alone. The rapid response rate may imply biologic activity of the @entity5 . In future trials, it may be reasonable to focus on @entity0 at lower risk for the subsequent development of distant disease.

title: Phase II trial of external beam radiation with @entity4 ( XXXX ) for the treatment of locally advanced @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity2 of the addition of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) to external beam radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty eight previously untreated @entity0 with locally advanced @entity3 were entered on a Phase II trial of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) combined with standard external beam radiation therapy. @entity5 was given concurrently with irradiation. Four @entity0 received less than 25% of the intended dose of @entity5 and were ineligible for further analysis. The stage of the remaining @entity0 were T2c-11, T3-39, T4-1, bulky local recurrence after prostatectomy-1, and T3, N1-2. RESULTS: Forty-five of 54 @entity0 (83.3%) achieved a clinical complete response (CCR) in the prostate and seminal vesicles as judged by digital rectal exam (DRE). Responses were rapid with a median time to CCR of 3.4 months, range 0-22.8 months. Local control was maintained in 82% of the @entity0 who achieved a CCR. Fifteen of 32 eligible @entity0 with a normal DRE underwent prostate biopsies from 12-20 months after treatment, seven had negative biopsies (46.6%). Distant @entity1 occurred in 18 @entity0 (33.3%). Pretreatment prostatic specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, and stage were not associated with treatment outcome in a univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: While @entity5 plus radiation was associated with a rapid CCR, the overall treatment outcome of these @entity0 appeared to be similar to published reports of @entity0 receiving RT alone. The rapid response rate may imply biologic activity of the @entity5 . In future trials, it may be reasonable to focus on @entity0 at lower risk for the subsequent development of distant disease.

title: Phase II trial of external beam radiation with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) for the treatment of locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity8 , @entity9 , and apamin (blockers of @entity3 -sensitive, large-conductance, and small-conductance @entity0 -activated @entity5 channels, respectively) were infused into the diaphragmatic vasculature of anesthetized @entity4 -treated @entity1 to assess the contribution of @entity5 channels to active @entity2 . Diaphragmatic blood flow (Qphr) and @entity6 uptake (VO2di) were measured at rest and during 2 min of continuous left phrenic nerve stimulation at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 Hz. These measurements were repeated before (control) and after the infusion of a selective @entity5 channel blocker in three groups of animals. @entity8 at 10(-5) M significantly attenuated Qphr at rest and in response to all stimulation frequencies. Whereas resting VO2di remained unchanged, @entity8 infusion significantly reduced VO2di in response to all stimulation frequencies. The slope of the linear relationship between Qphr and VO2di, however, was not affected by @entity8 . By comparison, infusion of @entity9 (10(-7) M) in a second group reduced Qphr at rest and in response to 0.5- and 1-Hz stimulation, whereas Qphr measured in response to 2- and 4-Hz stimulation remained similar to control values. @entity7 (10(-6) M) infusion in a third group reduced only resting Qphr with no effect on active @entity2 during phrenic nerve stimulation. Neither @entity9 nor apamin influenced resting or stimulated VO2di. In all groups diaphragmatic tension measured after the infusion of @entity5 channel blockers remained similar to control values. These results indicate that @entity5 channels, especially those sensitive to @entity8 , modulate the increase in Qphr and VO2di in response to moderate augmentation of metabolic demands.

title: Contribution of potassium channels to active XXXX of the @entity1 diaphragm.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity8 , @entity9 , and apamin (blockers of @entity3 -sensitive, large-conductance, and small-conductance @entity0 -activated @entity5 channels, respectively) were infused into the diaphragmatic vasculature of anesthetized @entity4 -treated @entity1 to assess the contribution of @entity5 channels to active @entity2 . Diaphragmatic blood flow (Qphr) and @entity6 uptake (VO2di) were measured at rest and during 2 min of continuous left phrenic nerve stimulation at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 Hz. These measurements were repeated before (control) and after the infusion of a selective @entity5 channel blocker in three groups of animals. @entity8 at 10(-5) M significantly attenuated Qphr at rest and in response to all stimulation frequencies. Whereas resting VO2di remained unchanged, @entity8 infusion significantly reduced VO2di in response to all stimulation frequencies. The slope of the linear relationship between Qphr and VO2di, however, was not affected by @entity8 . By comparison, infusion of @entity9 (10(-7) M) in a second group reduced Qphr at rest and in response to 0.5- and 1-Hz stimulation, whereas Qphr measured in response to 2- and 4-Hz stimulation remained similar to control values. @entity7 (10(-6) M) infusion in a third group reduced only resting Qphr with no effect on active @entity2 during phrenic nerve stimulation. Neither @entity9 nor apamin influenced resting or stimulated VO2di. In all groups diaphragmatic tension measured after the infusion of @entity5 channel blockers remained similar to control values. These results indicate that @entity5 channels, especially those sensitive to @entity8 , modulate the increase in Qphr and VO2di in response to moderate augmentation of metabolic demands.

title: Contribution of potassium channels to active @entity2 of the XXXX diaphragm.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown ketamine can alter the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro. However, these effects have not been entirely clarified in vivo in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of neonatal @entity0 . The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ketamine on the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in the SVZ of neonatal @entity0 in vivo. METHODS: Postnatal day 7 (PND-7) male @entity0 were administered four injections of 40 mg/kg ketamine at 1-h intervals, and then 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected intraperitoneally at PND-7, 9 and 13. NSC proliferation was assessed with Nestin/BrdU double-labeling immunostaining. Neuronal and astrocytic differentiation was evaluated with b-tubulin III/BrdU and @entity1 /BrdU double-labeling immunostaining, respectively. The expressions of nestin, @entity1 were measured using Western blot analysis. The apoptosis of NSCs and astrocytes in the SVZ of neonatal @entity0 was evaluated using nestin/ @entity2 and @entity1 / @entity2 double-labeling immunostaining. RESULTS: Neonatal ketamine exposure significantly reduced the number of nestin/BrdU and @entity1 /BrdU double-positive cells in the SVZ. Meanwhile, the expressions of nestin and @entity1 in the SVZ from the ketamine group were significantly decreased compared those in the control group. Still, no double-positive cells for nestin/ @entity2 and @entity1 / @entity2 were found after ketamine exposure. In addition, the neuronal differentiation of NSCs in the SVZ was markedly promoted by ketamine with an increased number of b-tubulin III/BrdU double-positive cells and enhanced expression of b-tubulin III. These effects of ketamine on the NSCs in the SVZ often lasted at least 1 week after ketamine anesthesia. CONCLUSION: In the present study, it was demonstrated that ketamine could alter neurogenesis by inhibiting the proliferation of NSCs, suppressing their differentiation into astrocytes and promoting the neuronal differentiation of the NSCs in the SVZ of neonatal @entity0 during a critical period of their neurodevelopment.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Ketamine interferes with the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of neonatal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Severely symptomatic @entity0 with @entity2 (HC) may benefit from surgical myectomy. In @entity0 with enlarged mitral leaflets and @entity1 , myectomy can be combined with anterior mitral leaflet extension (AMLE) to stiffen the midsegment of the leaflet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of myectomy combined with AMLE in @entity0 with obstructive HC. This prospective, observational, single-center cohort study included 98 @entity0 (49    14  years, 37% female) who underwent myectomy combined with AMLE from 1991 to 2012. End points included all-cause mortality and change in clinical and echocardiographic characteristics. Mortality was compared with age- and gender-matched @entity0 with nonobstructive HC and subjects from the general population. Long-term follow-up was 8.3    6.1  years. There was no operative mortality, and New York Heart Association class was reduced from 2.8    0.5 to 1.3    0.5 (p <0.001), left ventricular outflow tract gradient from 93    25 to 9    8  mm Hg (p <0.001), @entity1 from grade 2.0    0.9 to 0.5    0.8 (p <0.001), and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve from grade 2.4    0.9 to 0.1    0.3 (p <0.001). The 1-, 5-, 10-, and 15-year cumulative survival rates were 98%, 92%, 86%, and 83%, respectively, and did not differ from the general population (99%, 97%, 92%, and 85%, respectively, p  = 0.3) or @entity0 with nonobstructive HC (98%, 97%, 88%, and 83%, respectively, p  = 0.8). In conclusion, in selected @entity0 with obstructive HC, myectomy combined with AMLE is a low-risk surgical procedure. It results in long-term symptom relief and survival similar to the general population.

title: Long-Term Benefit of Myectomy and Anterior Mitral Leaflet Extension in Obstructive XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The floating wire technique is a special technique for solving interventional problems in aorta- ostial lesions. There are no long-term data in the literature for the floating wire technique in @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred twenty six @entity0 were retrospectively analyzed in this study. All of these @entity0 had a critical @entity2 . The floating wire technique was performed on 64 @entity0 , and the single wire technique was performed on 62 @entity0 . The two groups were compared with each other in terms of lesional and procedural properties. Additionally, 1-year clinical follow-up results were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in terms of lesion properties between the groups. In the floating wire group, mean stent length, number of stents, mean procedure time, mean contrast volume, and mean fluoroscopy time were significantly lower than in the single wire group. At 1 year, 1 @entity0 from each group had @entity3 , and no mortality was observed. In the floating wire group, the number of @entity0 who experienced @entity4 and the @entity1 revascularization rate were both significantly lower than in the single wire group. CONCLUSION: The floating wire technique in right @entity2 provides a significant advantage over the single wire technique according to procedural and clinical follow-up results.

title: Comparison of floating wire and single wire techniques in right XXXX in terms of procedural features and one-year clinical follow-up results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Described by Theodore Leber in 1916, this syndrome is characterized by unilateral @entity4 , @entity1 and a stellate pattern of exudative deposits in the macula. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two young adults were examined for sudden unilateral @entity4 preceded by @entity5 . Fundus examination revealed a swollen @entity8 and a macular star, visualized on @entity6 angiography. Visual field, laboratory tests and cranial and orbital tomodensitometry were performed. RESULTS: Visual field examination showed a centrocecal @entity7 . Laboratory tests showed @entity2 in one case. Serology testing ( @entity10 , @entity12 , @entity11 and syphilis, etc.) were negative. Tomodensitometry of the brain and orbits gave normal results. One of the @entity0 was treated with intravenous @entity3 boluses; the other received no treatment. A few weeks after the beginning of symptoms, the swelling of the @entity8 seemed to have declined, leaving the macular star unchanged. CONCLUSION: These two cases typically describe Leber's @entity9 . The prognosis for visual recovery is usually reported to be excellent, but visual sequelae have been described.

title: [Leber's XXXX : about two cases].

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: @entity0 ceramics are synthetic bone substitutes able to fill in @entity1 as a support of the bone growth. This work consisted in an in vitro assessment of osteoblasts and fibroblasts cultures on macroporous @entity3 - @entity5 bone substitutes to analyze the interaction between cells and bone substitute. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The macroporous ceramic was composed of 70% @entity4 and 30% @entity6 with known mechanical and physico-chemical properties. Three compounds were processed with different size of macropore and with or without microporosity on their surface. Cells were seeded on discs measuring 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. Cellular viability was evaluated by the @entity2 test for every stage of observation. An histological study to observe the invasion in the depth of discs was performed. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the cellular comportment in contact with the surface of substitutes. RESULTS: An exponential cellular growth was effective on each substitute with the two cellular types. Cells spread on the surface of the compounds covering macropores and colonized the depth of the discs. A size of macropore of 300 microm or more seemed to support this invasion. 15 microm sized interconnections appeared to be effective to allow cell migration between macropores. The cell proliferation was similar on substitutes with or without microporosity. CONCLUSION: Biomaterials currently used as bone substitute are more or less osteoconductive but they have no osteoinductive property. A hybrid association of @entity0 ceramic with osteogenic cells should promote the development of a @entity0 compound with osteoinductive capacity.

title: [Cellular culture of osteoblasts and fibroblasts on porous @entity3 - XXXX bone substitutes].

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: @entity0 ceramics are synthetic bone substitutes able to fill in @entity1 as a support of the bone growth. This work consisted in an in vitro assessment of osteoblasts and fibroblasts cultures on macroporous @entity3 - @entity5 bone substitutes to analyze the interaction between cells and bone substitute. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The macroporous ceramic was composed of 70% @entity4 and 30% @entity6 with known mechanical and physico-chemical properties. Three compounds were processed with different size of macropore and with or without microporosity on their surface. Cells were seeded on discs measuring 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. Cellular viability was evaluated by the @entity2 test for every stage of observation. An histological study to observe the invasion in the depth of discs was performed. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the cellular comportment in contact with the surface of substitutes. RESULTS: An exponential cellular growth was effective on each substitute with the two cellular types. Cells spread on the surface of the compounds covering macropores and colonized the depth of the discs. A size of macropore of 300 microm or more seemed to support this invasion. 15 microm sized interconnections appeared to be effective to allow cell migration between macropores. The cell proliferation was similar on substitutes with or without microporosity. CONCLUSION: Biomaterials currently used as bone substitute are more or less osteoconductive but they have no osteoinductive property. A hybrid association of @entity0 ceramic with osteogenic cells should promote the development of a @entity0 compound with osteoinductive capacity.

title: [Cellular culture of osteoblasts and fibroblasts on porous XXXX - @entity5 bone substitutes].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Cholinergic transmission plays a pivotal role in learning, memory and cognition, and disturbances of cholinergic transmission have been implicated in @entity1 including @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity3 . Pharmacological alleviation of these diseases by drugs including @entity13 ( @entity12 ), promising in animal models, often fails in @entity0 . We therefore compared the effects of @entity12 on glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission in slices from @entity2 and @entity0 neocortex. We used @entity11 (CCh; an established agonist at metabotropic muscarinic @entity7 ( @entity10 ) receptors (mAChRs)) as a reference. Standard electrophysiological methods including intracellular and field potential recordings were used. In the @entity2 neocortex, @entity12 prevented the CCh-induced decrease of GABAA and GABAB receptor-mediated responses but not the CCh-induced increase of the @entity6 . @entity12 reduced neither the amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) nor antagonized the CCh-induced @entity6 of EPSP. In the @entity0 neocortex, however, @entity12 failed to prevent CCh-induced decrease of the GABAB responses and directly reduced the amplitude of EPSP. These data suggest distinct effects of @entity12 in @entity2 and @entity0 at M2 and M4 mAChRs underlying presynaptic modulation of @entity8 and @entity9 release, respectively. In particular, @entity12 might be a M2 mAChR antagonist in the @entity2 but has no activity at this receptor in @entity0 neocortex. However, @entity12 has an agonistic effect at M4 mAChR in the @entity0 but no such effect in the @entity2 neocortex. The present study confirms that pharmacology at mAChRs can differ between species and emphasizes the need of studies in @entity0 tissue.

title: Different pharmacology of XXXX at @entity0 and @entity2 M2 and M 4 mAChRs in neocortex.

answer: @entity13


abstract: Cholinergic transmission plays a pivotal role in learning, memory and cognition, and disturbances of cholinergic transmission have been implicated in @entity1 including @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity3 . Pharmacological alleviation of these diseases by drugs including @entity13 ( @entity12 ), promising in animal models, often fails in @entity0 . We therefore compared the effects of @entity12 on glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission in slices from @entity2 and @entity0 neocortex. We used @entity11 (CCh; an established agonist at metabotropic muscarinic @entity7 ( @entity10 ) receptors (mAChRs)) as a reference. Standard electrophysiological methods including intracellular and field potential recordings were used. In the @entity2 neocortex, @entity12 prevented the CCh-induced decrease of GABAA and GABAB receptor-mediated responses but not the CCh-induced increase of the @entity6 . @entity12 reduced neither the amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) nor antagonized the CCh-induced @entity6 of EPSP. In the @entity0 neocortex, however, @entity12 failed to prevent CCh-induced decrease of the GABAB responses and directly reduced the amplitude of EPSP. These data suggest distinct effects of @entity12 in @entity2 and @entity0 at M2 and M4 mAChRs underlying presynaptic modulation of @entity8 and @entity9 release, respectively. In particular, @entity12 might be a M2 mAChR antagonist in the @entity2 but has no activity at this receptor in @entity0 neocortex. However, @entity12 has an agonistic effect at M4 mAChR in the @entity0 but no such effect in the @entity2 neocortex. The present study confirms that pharmacology at mAChRs can differ between species and emphasizes the need of studies in @entity0 tissue.

title: Different pharmacology of @entity13 at @entity0 and XXXX M2 and M 4 mAChRs in neocortex.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Cholinergic transmission plays a pivotal role in learning, memory and cognition, and disturbances of cholinergic transmission have been implicated in @entity1 including @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity3 . Pharmacological alleviation of these diseases by drugs including @entity13 ( @entity12 ), promising in animal models, often fails in @entity0 . We therefore compared the effects of @entity12 on glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission in slices from @entity2 and @entity0 neocortex. We used @entity11 (CCh; an established agonist at metabotropic muscarinic @entity7 ( @entity10 ) receptors (mAChRs)) as a reference. Standard electrophysiological methods including intracellular and field potential recordings were used. In the @entity2 neocortex, @entity12 prevented the CCh-induced decrease of GABAA and GABAB receptor-mediated responses but not the CCh-induced increase of the @entity6 . @entity12 reduced neither the amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) nor antagonized the CCh-induced @entity6 of EPSP. In the @entity0 neocortex, however, @entity12 failed to prevent CCh-induced decrease of the GABAB responses and directly reduced the amplitude of EPSP. These data suggest distinct effects of @entity12 in @entity2 and @entity0 at M2 and M4 mAChRs underlying presynaptic modulation of @entity8 and @entity9 release, respectively. In particular, @entity12 might be a M2 mAChR antagonist in the @entity2 but has no activity at this receptor in @entity0 neocortex. However, @entity12 has an agonistic effect at M4 mAChR in the @entity0 but no such effect in the @entity2 neocortex. The present study confirms that pharmacology at mAChRs can differ between species and emphasizes the need of studies in @entity0 tissue.

title: Different pharmacology of @entity13 at XXXX and @entity2 M2 and M 4 mAChRs in neocortex.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of peritoneal cytology in @entity0 with @entity2 limited to the uterus. A total of 280 @entity0 with surgically staged @entity2 that was histologically confined to the uterus were examined clinicopathologically. The median length of follow-up was 62 (range, 12-135) months. All @entity0 underwent hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy with selective lymphadenectomy, and only three @entity0 received adjuvant postoperative therapy. No preoperative adjuvant therapy was employed. In all, 48 @entity0 (17%) had positive peritoneal cytology. The 5-year survival rate among @entity0 with positive or negative peritoneal cytology was 91 or 95%, respectively, showing no significant difference (log-rank, P=0.42). The disease-free survival rate at 36 months was 90% among @entity0 with positive cytology, compared with that of 94% among @entity0 with negative cytology, and the difference was not significant (log-rank, P=0.52). Multivariate proportional hazards model revealed only histologic grade to be an independent prognostic factor of survival (P=0.0003, 95% CI 3.02 - 40.27) among the factors analysed (age, peritoneal cytology, and depth of @entity1 ). Multivariate analysis revealed that histologic grade (P=0.02, 95% CI 1.21-9.92) was also the only independent prognostic factor of disease-free survival. We concluded that the presence of positive peritoneal cytology is not an independent prognostic factor in @entity0 with @entity2 confined to the uterus, and adjuvant therapy does not appear to be beneficial in these @entity0 .

title: Prognostic significance of positive peritoneal cytology in XXXX confined to the uterus.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) I and II are potent mitogens for @entity0 cells. Their proliferative activity is likely to be influenced by their binding proteins (IGFBPs), a family of newly identified proteins. We report here on the in vivo hormonal regulation of mRNAs for @entity4 and IGFBPs in the @entity5 -induced @entity2 @entity1 , a well-established model of hormone-responsive mammary @entity1 . @entity4 mRNA levels tended to decrease in regressing @entity1 following ovariectomy, and they markedly increased upon reactivation of @entity1 growth with hormone repletion. Ovariectomy induced a drastic increase in @entity3 mRNA which was reversible with hormone repletion. Similar but more modest changes were observed with @entity6 mRNA. In contrast, @entity7 and @entity8 mRNAs tended to decrease with ovariectomy and increase with hormone repletion. These latter effects, however, were modest, variable, and not statistically significant. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity3 mRNAs were localized in the stromal component of the @entity1 , whereas @entity6 mRNA was expressed by epithelial cells. We conclude that hormonal regulation of IGFBP expression is heterogeneous, thus suggesting divergent biological functions for these peptides. Our data also emphasize the importance of potential stromal-epithelial interactions in the control of @entity0 cell proliferation by IGFs.

title: Hormonal regulation of insulin-like growth factor II and insulin-like growth factor binding protein expression by XXXX cells in vivo: evidence for stromal epithelial interactions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The case of a young @entity0 aged 26 is reported. He presented with a short history of painful gynaecomastia, and no other associated symptoms. Radiological investigations showed a mass in the anterior mediastinum. Endocrine investigations showed high circulating @entity3 and high @entity7 levels. There was no evidence of primary @entity2 or @entity1 . Surgical removal of the mediastinal mass led to normalization of @entity3 and @entity7 levels and regression of gynaecomastia. Histology showed the @entity2 to be a primary @entity6 staining positively for @entity7 . Further treatment consisted of chemotherapy with @entity5 and @entity4 . The @entity0 has remained well with no evidence of disease recurrence. The @entity2 markers remain normal.

title: Gynaecomastia caused by a primary XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 (DP) is a chlorinated flame retardants that is globally ubiquitous. It is a potentially persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and an environmental toxin. However, the @entity0 data is still limited and cannot provide a comprehensive environmental ecological risk assessment for DP. In this study, luminous bacteria, Vicia faba and @entity1 were chosen as testing organisms to investigate the acute @entity0 and mutagenicity of DP. The concentration gradient of DP used in this study was chosen based on its environmental levels (experiments of luminous bacteria: 0.591, 2.95, 14.8, 73.8, 369 gL(-1); micronucleus tests: 2.4, 12, 60, 300, 1500 gL(-1); comet assay: 2.4, 12, 60, 300, 1500 gL(-1)). For luminous bacteria, the relative luminosities were around 100% in treated groups, which suggested that there is no acute @entity0 to luminous bacteria under the studied DP concentrations. The micronucleus test showed no significant difference between treatment and control groups, indicating no genotoxicity of DP. However the comet assay conducted with @entity1 was relatively sensitive as there was a significant increase in DNA damage when the concentrations of DP increased from 300 to 1500 gL(-1), while the lower concentrations failed to show any treatment-related differences. Therefore, DP may pose a potential risk at concentration   300 gL(-1). The results provide scientific information on the ecological risk assessment of DP.

title: Potential genotoxicity and risk assessment of a chlorinated flame retardant, XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The pitch vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is accurate and symmetrical when tested in the normal upright posture, where otolith organ and central velocity storage signals supplement the basic VOR mediated by the semicircular canals. However, when the animal and @entity1 are together repositioned by rolling 90 degrees to one side, head forward pitch rotations that excite the anterior semicircular canals elicit a more accurately timed VOR than do oppositely directed rotations that excite the posterior canals. This suggests that velocity storage of posterior canal signals is lost when the head is placed on its side. We recorded from 47 VOR relay neurons, second-order vestibulo-ocular neurons, of alert @entity0 to test whether asymmetries are evident in the responses of neurons in the medial and superior vestibular nuclei during earth-horizontal @entity2 rotations in the normal upright posture. Neurons were identified by antidromic responses to oculomotor nucleus stimulation and orthodromic responses to labyrinth stimulation, and were classified as having primarily anterior, posterior, or horizontal canal input based on response directionality. Neuronal response gains and phases were recorded during 0.5 Hz and 0.05 Hz @entity3 in darkness. During 0.5 Hz rotations, anterior canal second-order vestibulo-ocular neurons responded approximately in phase with head velocity (mean phase re head position, +/- SE, 80 degrees +/- 3 degrees, n=18), as did posterior canal second-order vestibulo-ocular neurons (mean phase 81 degrees +/- 1 degree, n=25). Lowering the rotation frequency to 0.05 Hz resulted in only slight advances in response phases of individual anterior canal second-order vestibulo-ocular neurons (mean phase 86 degrees +/- 6 degrees, mean advance 7 degrees +/- 5 degrees, n=12). In contrast, posterior canal second-order vestibulo-ocular neurons behaved more like semicircular canal afferents, with responses markedly phase-advanced (mean advance 28 degrees +/- 5 degrees, n=14) by lowering rotation frequency to 0.05 Hz (mean phase 111 degrees +/- 5 degrees, n=14). In summary, low frequency responses of anterior and posterior canal second-order vestibulo-ocular neurons recorded during horizontal @entity2 pitch correspond to the VOR they excite during vertical @entity2 pitch. These results show that velocity storage is evident at anterior but not posterior canal second-order vestibulo-ocular neurons. We conclude that responses of posterior canal second-order vestibulo-ocular neurons are insufficient to explain the accurate low frequency VOR phase observed during backward head pitch in the upright posture, and that velocity storage or otolith signals required for VOR accuracy are carried by other neurons.

title: Timing of low frequency responses of anterior and posterior canal vestibulo-ocular neurons in alert XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the need for repeat prostatic biopsies in @entity0 whose initial biopsy results revealed no evidence of @entity1 or atypia. We evaluated 1,136 @entity0 who underwent 1 or more prostatic biopsies in a longitudinal @entity3 ( @entity3 ) based @entity2 screening study that called for biopsy if the serum @entity3 level was greater than 4.0 ng./ml. (Hybritech assay) and findings on rectal examination or ultrasonography were abnormal or suspicious for @entity1 . Of the 1,136 @entity0 who underwent prostatic biopsy 391 (34%) had @entity2 on the initial biopsy. Of 427 @entity0 who had negative initial biopsy results, a persistent serum @entity3 level of greater than 4.0 ng./ml. and abnormal rectal or ultrasound examination findings 82 (19%) had @entity1 on biopsy 2. Of 203 @entity0 with persistent abnormalities 16 (8%) had @entity1 on biopsy 3 and 6 of 91 (7%) had @entity1 on biopsy 4 or later. Thus, 96% of the @entity1 were detected through either biopsy 1 or 2. The median initial @entity3 level, followup @entity3 levels and the yearly rate of change in @entity3 were significantly greater in @entity0 whose @entity1 was detected compared with those of @entity0 whose @entity1 was not detected (6.4 versus 5.4 ng./ml., 7.4 versus 6.6 ng./ml. and 1.1 versus 0.7 ng./ml. per year, respectively). There was a trend for a higher percentage of @entity1 detected through serial screening to be pathologically organ confined with those detected through initial screening (73% versus 62%, p = 0.07). We conclude that @entity0 with a persistently elevated serum @entity3 value after an initial negative prostatic biopsy should routinely undergo at least 1 repeat biopsy to exclude adequately the presence of detectable @entity2 .

title: Serial prostatic biopsies in @entity0 with persistently elevated serum XXXX values.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the need for repeat prostatic biopsies in @entity0 whose initial biopsy results revealed no evidence of @entity1 or atypia. We evaluated 1,136 @entity0 who underwent 1 or more prostatic biopsies in a longitudinal @entity3 ( @entity3 ) based @entity2 screening study that called for biopsy if the serum @entity3 level was greater than 4.0 ng./ml. (Hybritech assay) and findings on rectal examination or ultrasonography were abnormal or suspicious for @entity1 . Of the 1,136 @entity0 who underwent prostatic biopsy 391 (34%) had @entity2 on the initial biopsy. Of 427 @entity0 who had negative initial biopsy results, a persistent serum @entity3 level of greater than 4.0 ng./ml. and abnormal rectal or ultrasound examination findings 82 (19%) had @entity1 on biopsy 2. Of 203 @entity0 with persistent abnormalities 16 (8%) had @entity1 on biopsy 3 and 6 of 91 (7%) had @entity1 on biopsy 4 or later. Thus, 96% of the @entity1 were detected through either biopsy 1 or 2. The median initial @entity3 level, followup @entity3 levels and the yearly rate of change in @entity3 were significantly greater in @entity0 whose @entity1 was detected compared with those of @entity0 whose @entity1 was not detected (6.4 versus 5.4 ng./ml., 7.4 versus 6.6 ng./ml. and 1.1 versus 0.7 ng./ml. per year, respectively). There was a trend for a higher percentage of @entity1 detected through serial screening to be pathologically organ confined with those detected through initial screening (73% versus 62%, p = 0.07). We conclude that @entity0 with a persistently elevated serum @entity3 value after an initial negative prostatic biopsy should routinely undergo at least 1 repeat biopsy to exclude adequately the presence of detectable @entity2 .

title: Serial prostatic biopsies in XXXX with persistently elevated serum @entity3 values.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report our experience with orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for highly selected @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity4 ). DESIGN: We retrospectively analyzed the demographic, clinical, pathologic, and survival data on 21 @entity0 with @entity4 who underwent OLT at the Mayo Clinic between 1985 and 1993. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 21 @entity0 were categorized into three groups: (1) those with incidental @entity4 (no evidence of @entity4 preoperatively), (2) those with a @entity3 without vascular invasion, and (3) those with an increased serum @entity5 ( @entity5 ) concentration but no detectable @entity2 in the liver. RESULTS: For the seven @entity0 with incidental @entity4 , the 2-year disease-free survival was 68.5%. For the eight @entity0 with a @entity2 , the 2-year disease-free survival was only 50%. Operative staging revealed more advanced stage disease than had been found on preoperative assessment in five of these eight @entity0 . For the six @entity0 with an increased serum @entity5 value but no @entity2 , the 2-year disease-free survival was 80%. @entity1 recurrence was the major cause of all deaths in this series. CONCLUSION: Disease-free survival for @entity0 with radiographic early-stage @entity4 was suboptimal because of understaging of the disease preoperatively. In contrast, our initial experience with OLT for @entity0 with an increased serum @entity5 value in the absence of a @entity2 in the liver was favorable.

title: Orthotopic liver transplantation for preoperative XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction on clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and standard therapy for severe @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and to assess @entity2 ( @entity2 ) recovery and its impact on subsequent clinical outcomes. METHODS: Cohort B of the Placement of AoRtic TraNscathetER Valves trial randomised 342 inoperable @entity0 with severe @entity1 to TAVR or standard therapy. We defined @entity2 as an @entity2 <50% and @entity2 improvement as an absolute increase in @entity2 >= 10% at 30   days. RESULTS: Baseline @entity2 did not affect survival after TAVR but was associated with increased cardiac mortality at 1 year with standard therapy (59.3% vs 45.8% with normal @entity2 ; HR=1.71 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.71); p=0.02). In those with @entity2 , @entity2 improvement occurred in 48.7% and 30.4% of TAVR and standard therapy @entity0 , respectively (p=0.08), and was independently predicted by relative wall thickness and receipt of TAVR. @entity2 improvement with standard therapy portended reduced all-cause mortality at 1   year (28.6% vs 65.6% without @entity2 improvement; HR=0.32 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.93); p=0.03) but not at 2   years. CONCLUSIONS: In inoperable @entity0 with severe @entity1 , mild-to-moderate @entity2 is associated with higher cardiac mortality with standard therapy but not TAVR. A subset of @entity0 undergoing standard therapy with @entity2 demonstrates @entity2 improvement and favourable 1-year but not 2-year survival. TAVR improves survival and should be considered the standard of care for inoperable @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity2 >20%. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov Unique Identifier #NCT00530894.

title: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement and standard therapy in inoperable @entity0 with XXXX and low EF.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction on clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and standard therapy for severe @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and to assess @entity2 ( @entity2 ) recovery and its impact on subsequent clinical outcomes. METHODS: Cohort B of the Placement of AoRtic TraNscathetER Valves trial randomised 342 inoperable @entity0 with severe @entity1 to TAVR or standard therapy. We defined @entity2 as an @entity2 <50% and @entity2 improvement as an absolute increase in @entity2 >= 10% at 30   days. RESULTS: Baseline @entity2 did not affect survival after TAVR but was associated with increased cardiac mortality at 1 year with standard therapy (59.3% vs 45.8% with normal @entity2 ; HR=1.71 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.71); p=0.02). In those with @entity2 , @entity2 improvement occurred in 48.7% and 30.4% of TAVR and standard therapy @entity0 , respectively (p=0.08), and was independently predicted by relative wall thickness and receipt of TAVR. @entity2 improvement with standard therapy portended reduced all-cause mortality at 1   year (28.6% vs 65.6% without @entity2 improvement; HR=0.32 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.93); p=0.03) but not at 2   years. CONCLUSIONS: In inoperable @entity0 with severe @entity1 , mild-to-moderate @entity2 is associated with higher cardiac mortality with standard therapy but not TAVR. A subset of @entity0 undergoing standard therapy with @entity2 demonstrates @entity2 improvement and favourable 1-year but not 2-year survival. TAVR improves survival and should be considered the standard of care for inoperable @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity2 >20%. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov Unique Identifier #NCT00530894.

title: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement and standard therapy in inoperable XXXX with @entity1 and low EF.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pathologic @entity3 are associated with intractable @entity2 , loss of function and high morbidity in @entity0 with metastatic spine disease. However, the failure mechanisms of vertebrae with @entity1 and the failed vertebrae's ability to retain load carrying capacity remain unclear. METHODS: Eighteen @entity0 thoracic and lumbar vertebrae with simulated uncontained bone defects were tested under compression-bending loads to failure. Failure was defined as 50% reduction in vertebral body height. The vertebrae were allowed to recover under load and re-tested to failure using the initial criteria. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to test for changes in strength and stiffness parameters. FINDINGS: @entity4 occurred via buckling and @entity3 of the cortex around the defect, followed by collapse of the defect region. Compared to the intact vertebrae, the failed vertebrae exhibited a significant loss in compressive strength (59%, p<0.001), stiffness (53%, p<0.05) and flexion (70%, p<0.01) strength. Significant reduction in anterior-posterior shear (strength (63%, p<0.01) and stiffness (67%, p<0.01)) and lateral bending strength (134%, p<0.05) were similarly recorded. In the intact vertebrae, apart from flexion strength (r(2)=0.63), both compressive and anterior-posterior shear strengths were weakly correlated with their stiffness parameters (r(2)=0.24 and r(2)=0.31). By contrast, in the failed vertebrae, these parameters were strongly correlated, (r(2)=0.91, r(2)=0.86, and r(2)=0.92, p<0.001 respectively). INTERPRETATION: Failure of the vertebral cortex at the defect site dominated the initiation and progression of vertebral failure with the vertebrae failing via a consolidation process of the vertebral bone. Once failed, the vertebrae showed remarkable loss of load carrying capacity.

title: Effect of the metastatic defect on the structural response and failure process of XXXX vertebrae: An experimental study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We studied in 30 @entity0 with progressive or relapsing @entity4 ( @entity4 ) if hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after conditioning with @entity8 , @entity6 and ATG is effective and if treatment related mortality can be reduced compared to myeloablative conditioning regimens. @entity0 had 15 matched related and 15 matched unrelated donors. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) prophylaxis consisted of @entity2 alone or a combination with "short course" @entity5 or @entity3 . The median follow-up is 24 months. At last follow up 11 @entity0 were in complete and 13 in partial remission. Six @entity0 had stable or progressive disease. Late complete remissions occurred up to one year after transplantation and the number of @entity0 with CR is still increasing. Four @entity0 died due to treatment related complications resulting in a probability of treatment-related mortality of 15% (CI 95%, 1% to 29%) at 2 years. The probability of overall survival and progression free survival at two years was 79% and 61%, respectively. In conclusion, HSCT after reduced conditioning may lower the treatment-related @entity1 and has the capacity to induce complete remissions.

title: Reduced non-relapse mortality after reduced intensity conditioning in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study is to determine the predictive risk factors of failure to achieve remission within 12  months in a group of @entity0 with proliferative @entity7 from Northwestern Colombia. Pragmatic clinical study with retrospective analysis was conducted. We included subjects with @entity5 as defined by the American College of Rheumatology with biopsy-proven @entity6 . We assessed 149 @entity0 , with 84  % female. Age at diagnosis of @entity5 is 24.7  years (16-31). The time between diagnosis of @entity5 and @entity6 is 2  months (0-35.5). ISN/RPS 2003 histologic classification types are the following: IV (63.8  %), III (13.4  %), V   +   III (3.3  %), and V   +   IV (3.3  %). Activity index is 6.18        4.55 and chronicity index is 1 (0-3). The result of 24-h @entity2 is 2000  mg (667-4770) and baseline @entity4 is 0.9  mg/dL (0.7-1.3). Induction therapy includes corticosteroids (100  %), @entity3 (74.1  %), and @entity1 (25.9  %). At 12  months, 40.7  % of individuals failed to attain partial or complete remission. Elevated @entity4 (p   =   0.0001) and 24-h @entity2 greater than 1500  mg (p   =   0.0011) were basal predictors of failure to attain partial or complete remission by bivariate analysis. Similar results were obtained in multivariate analysis: Baseline @entity4 elevation (OR 3.62, 95  % CI, 1.59-8.23; p   =   0.002) and 24-h @entity2 greater than 1500  mg (OR 3.62, 95  % CI, 1.29-10.13; p   =   0.014) were independent predictors of failure to achieve partial or complete remission. At 12  months, 40.7  % of @entity0 did not attain partial or complete remission. Baseline elevated @entity4 and 24-h @entity2 over 1500  mg were predictors for poor response.

title: Predictive factors for low rate of remission in a population of Colombian @entity0 with severe proliferative XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study is to determine the predictive risk factors of failure to achieve remission within 12  months in a group of @entity0 with proliferative @entity7 from Northwestern Colombia. Pragmatic clinical study with retrospective analysis was conducted. We included subjects with @entity5 as defined by the American College of Rheumatology with biopsy-proven @entity6 . We assessed 149 @entity0 , with 84  % female. Age at diagnosis of @entity5 is 24.7  years (16-31). The time between diagnosis of @entity5 and @entity6 is 2  months (0-35.5). ISN/RPS 2003 histologic classification types are the following: IV (63.8  %), III (13.4  %), V   +   III (3.3  %), and V   +   IV (3.3  %). Activity index is 6.18        4.55 and chronicity index is 1 (0-3). The result of 24-h @entity2 is 2000  mg (667-4770) and baseline @entity4 is 0.9  mg/dL (0.7-1.3). Induction therapy includes corticosteroids (100  %), @entity3 (74.1  %), and @entity1 (25.9  %). At 12  months, 40.7  % of individuals failed to attain partial or complete remission. Elevated @entity4 (p   =   0.0001) and 24-h @entity2 greater than 1500  mg (p   =   0.0011) were basal predictors of failure to attain partial or complete remission by bivariate analysis. Similar results were obtained in multivariate analysis: Baseline @entity4 elevation (OR 3.62, 95  % CI, 1.59-8.23; p   =   0.002) and 24-h @entity2 greater than 1500  mg (OR 3.62, 95  % CI, 1.29-10.13; p   =   0.014) were independent predictors of failure to achieve partial or complete remission. At 12  months, 40.7  % of @entity0 did not attain partial or complete remission. Baseline elevated @entity4 and 24-h @entity2 over 1500  mg were predictors for poor response.

title: Predictive factors for low rate of remission in a population of Colombian XXXX with severe proliferative @entity7 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To determine if a correlation exists between the number of previous enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging examinations and high signal intensity in the globus pallidus (GP) and dentate nucleus (DN) in @entity0 who received @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a linear nonionic @entity1 -based contrast agent, and in those who received @entity3 (MultiHance), a linear ionic contrast agent. Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained for this single-center retrospective study, with waiver of informed consent. The study population included 69 @entity0 divided into two groups: Group 1 included @entity0 who underwent @entity2 -enhanced MR imaging, and group 2 included @entity0 who underwent @entity3 -enhanced MR imaging. Two radiologists conducted a quantitative analysis of unenhanced T1-weighted images by using region of interest measurements. The GP-to-thalamus (TH) signal intensity ratio, DN-to-middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) signal intensity ratio and relative percentage change (Rchange) between the first and last examinations for each @entity0 were calculated. Relation between the signal intensity ratios and Rchange and the number of enhanced MR imaging examinations was analyzed by using a generalized additive model. Inter- and intraobserver agreement was evaluated with the Lin concordance correlation coefficient test. Results Group 1 included 23 @entity0 (19 female), with a mean of 5.0 doses    2.4 (standard deviation) (range, 3-11 doses) administered. Group 2 included 46 @entity0 (24 female) with a mean of 4.6 doses    2.2 (range, 3-11 doses) administered. The interval between the first and last examination was 1500.1 days    780.2 (range, 98-3097 days) for group 1 and 1086.2 days    582.9 (range, 94-2633) for group 2. All @entity0 had normal liver and renal function. @entity2 showed a significant increase in DN:MCP and GP:TH (P < .001 for both) and in Rchange (P = .001 for GP:TH, P < .001 for DN:MCP). In group 2, there was no significant increase in DN:MCP or GP:TH over time or in Rchange for GP:TH, but there was a significant trend toward an increase in Rchange for DN:MCP (P = .013). Interobserver agreement was almost perfect (0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.99, 0.99) for all evaluated structures. Intraobserver agreement was substantial to almost perfect for both readers. Conclusion A significant increase in GP:TH and DN:MCP is associated with multiple @entity2 -enhanced studies but not with @entity3 -enhanced studies, likely reflecting differences in stability and elimination of both contrast agents. Rate-of-change data indirectly suggest @entity1 deposition in the DN with @entity3 use, although it is considerably less than that with @entity2 use. (  ) RSNA, 2015.

title: High Signal Intensity in Globus Pallidus and Dentate Nucleus on Unenhanced T1-weighted MR Images: Evaluation of Two Linear XXXX -based Contrast Agents.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The major advances in neonatal intensive care have made less useful the Waterston's criteria for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and/or @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and other prognostic classifications have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of various parameters on the outcome of @entity6 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed 97 cases admitted in our hospital for 29 years. We divided the cases in two groups in relation to the improvement of our neonatal unit care during the years: 1st. 1971-1982 (n = 46); 2nd. 1983-1999 (n = 51). chi 2 squared test and logistic regression analysis of the influence of several parameters before surgical treatment (Waterston's and Spitz's birth weight groups, @entity0 , @entity3 , severity of @entity1 and @entity2 ) on mortality was performed. RESULTS: The survival rate increased since 1983, reaching 86.2% in the last 10 years, although the number of neonates with birth weight < 1500 g has increased. Association with a @entity1 increased the mortality significantly in the 2nd. group only (45.5% major vs 7.1% minor and 8.3% none). The @entity2 were the most common, not only before 1983 (26.8%), but also since then (31.3%). When the neonate associated a major @entity2 the mortality was significantly higher in the 2nd. group (71.4%). The mortality, when @entity0 was present, was significantly higher before 1983 only (75% vs 32.4%), whereas the mortality was significantly increased by the need of ventilator in the 2nd. group only (85.7% vs 9.1%). Before 1983, the best prognostic parameters were the @entity0 and the severity of @entity1 , whereas only the @entity3 was selected between 1983 and 1999. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity6 mortality has decreased in the last years. The associated @entity2 is the most common. We think that the @entity3 is the most reliable prognostic risk factor, showing a poor physiologic status of the neonate.

title: [Prognosis assessment of XXXX : our experience of 29 years].

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This work presents an overview over heterogeneous photocatalysis performed in gas phase towards the degradation of @entity8 , @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity6 and @entity4 . The experimental set-up composed by a @entity1 plug flow reactor vessel contained a quartz tube with a 100 W UV lamp placed at center position from 1.7 cm to the quartz wall. A @entity3 film was immobilized on the internal walls of the reactor and used as catalyst. All measurements were taken after reaching steady state condition and evaluated at the inlet and outlet of the system. Conversion rates were studied in a wide range of residence times yielding to a 90% or above conversion as from 20 seconds of residence time. During experiments the temperature of reactor's wall was monitored and remained between 52 and 62   C. Temperature influence over degradation rates was negligible once a control experiment performed at 15   C did not modify outgoing results. Humidity effect was also evaluated showing an ideal working range of 10 - 80% with abrupt conversion decay outside the range. By varying inlet concentration between 60 and 110 ppmv the VOC degradation curves remained unchanged. Loss over catalytic activity was only observed for @entity8 after 30 minutes of reaction, the catalyst was reactivated with a solution of @entity0 and UV light followed by additional deposition of the catalytic layer. The kinetic study suggests a first order reaction rate. IMPLICATIONS: The study of effective and economically viable techniques on the treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has being highlighted as an important parameter on the environmental research. The heterogeneous photocatalysis in gas phase was proved to be an effective process for the degradation of the nonaromatic VOCs tested, yielding high conversion values for the optimized systems.

title: Degradation of volatile organic compounds in the gas phase by heterogeneous photocatalysis with XXXX /ultraviolet light.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity9 causes @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity5 in newborns. Its ethiology and pathogenesis are still not known, and probably multifactorial. AIM: To determine whether spinal cord exposition to the amniotic space causes a functional (impairment) and anatomic lesion similar to that of @entity0 @entity10 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight fetal @entity2 underwent to create @entity9 on the 23rd gestational day (term is 31 days). The procedure consisted of lumbosacral skin excision and posterior laminectomy. The fetuses are allowed to continue their gestation. On the 30th gestational by the operated fetuses were harvested, together with a group of nonoperated littermates for control. A clinical and neurologic evaluation was done, as well a study of somato-sensorial evoked potentials in the upper and lower limb and histologic study of the affected vertebral and cordial segment. RESULTS: The 26 surviving animals had @entity1 and lack of movement of the lower limbs. Evoked potentials showed absent response to stimuli in the lower limbs of animals with @entity9 , whereas upper limbs and control animals did respond. Histologically the spinal cord of the operated @entity2 was uncovered and flattened. CONCLUSION: This model of @entity10 in fetal @entity2 reproduces a variety of features similar to @entity0 @entity9 , and hence can be used to study the pathophysiology of @entity9 .

title: [Creation of a model for @entity10 in XXXX embryos].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity9 causes @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity5 in newborns. Its ethiology and pathogenesis are still not known, and probably multifactorial. AIM: To determine whether spinal cord exposition to the amniotic space causes a functional (impairment) and anatomic lesion similar to that of @entity0 @entity10 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight fetal @entity2 underwent to create @entity9 on the 23rd gestational day (term is 31 days). The procedure consisted of lumbosacral skin excision and posterior laminectomy. The fetuses are allowed to continue their gestation. On the 30th gestational by the operated fetuses were harvested, together with a group of nonoperated littermates for control. A clinical and neurologic evaluation was done, as well a study of somato-sensorial evoked potentials in the upper and lower limb and histologic study of the affected vertebral and cordial segment. RESULTS: The 26 surviving animals had @entity1 and lack of movement of the lower limbs. Evoked potentials showed absent response to stimuli in the lower limbs of animals with @entity9 , whereas upper limbs and control animals did respond. Histologically the spinal cord of the operated @entity2 was uncovered and flattened. CONCLUSION: This model of @entity10 in fetal @entity2 reproduces a variety of features similar to @entity0 @entity9 , and hence can be used to study the pathophysiology of @entity9 .

title: [Creation of a model for XXXX in @entity2 embryos].

answer: @entity10


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyse the rate of clinical recurrences in Brazilian @entity0 with @entity9 after early high-dose corticosteroid treatment. METHODS: Retrospective study including @entity0 treated with early high-dose @entity4 ( @entity2 , 1-1.5  mg/kg/day, or 3-day 1  g @entity8 pulsetherapy) within 1  month from disease onset followed by slow taper (at least 6  months). @entity0 with a minimum 12-month follow-up were subdivided based on the presence of disease recurrence or persistence after 6  months from initial presentation into: @entity5 ( @entity5 , no recurrences), chronic-recurrent (CR), and chronic-recurrent with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Recurrences were defined as the presence of clinical and/or @entity6 angiography findings. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity0 (58 eyes) with a median follow-up of 65  months were included. Six (21  %), 11 (38  %) and 12 (41  %) @entity0 were allocated to @entity5 , CR, and @entity1 groups respectively. Though having received treatment within 1  month of onset, median time to initial treatment differed among groups (11, 15, and 25  days, in @entity5 , CR, and @entity1 groups respectively). Intensity of immunosuppression, @entity3 development, and longer time to achieve logMAR visual acuity  <=0.8 differed significantly among the groups, being more severe in @entity1 group. @entity7 *0405 allele followed the same trend, though not reaching significance (0.5 in @entity5 group, 0.6 in CR, and 0.8 in @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: VKH disease in Brazilian @entity0 evolved to chronic-recurrent disease in 79  % of cases; 38  % developed @entity1 , in spite of similar initial treatment regimens. Time to initiate treatment influenced outcomes.

title: High rate of clinical recurrence in @entity0 with XXXX treated with early high-dose corticosteroids.

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyse the rate of clinical recurrences in Brazilian @entity0 with @entity9 after early high-dose corticosteroid treatment. METHODS: Retrospective study including @entity0 treated with early high-dose @entity4 ( @entity2 , 1-1.5  mg/kg/day, or 3-day 1  g @entity8 pulsetherapy) within 1  month from disease onset followed by slow taper (at least 6  months). @entity0 with a minimum 12-month follow-up were subdivided based on the presence of disease recurrence or persistence after 6  months from initial presentation into: @entity5 ( @entity5 , no recurrences), chronic-recurrent (CR), and chronic-recurrent with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Recurrences were defined as the presence of clinical and/or @entity6 angiography findings. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity0 (58 eyes) with a median follow-up of 65  months were included. Six (21  %), 11 (38  %) and 12 (41  %) @entity0 were allocated to @entity5 , CR, and @entity1 groups respectively. Though having received treatment within 1  month of onset, median time to initial treatment differed among groups (11, 15, and 25  days, in @entity5 , CR, and @entity1 groups respectively). Intensity of immunosuppression, @entity3 development, and longer time to achieve logMAR visual acuity  <=0.8 differed significantly among the groups, being more severe in @entity1 group. @entity7 *0405 allele followed the same trend, though not reaching significance (0.5 in @entity5 group, 0.6 in CR, and 0.8 in @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: VKH disease in Brazilian @entity0 evolved to chronic-recurrent disease in 79  % of cases; 38  % developed @entity1 , in spite of similar initial treatment regimens. Time to initiate treatment influenced outcomes.

title: High rate of clinical recurrence in XXXX with @entity9 treated with early high-dose corticosteroids.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Symptoms compatible with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are common in @entity0 with @entity1 (UC) in clinical remission. It has been suggested that these symptoms might arise due to post-inflammatory changes comparable with post-infectious IBS. The aim was to study factors at new onset of UC that predict development of IBS-like symptoms during clinical remission. METHODS: In total, 98 @entity0 with new onset of UC were followed prospectively for 3 years with yearly follow-up visits. Data from the first visit at the onset of UC were compared between a group of @entity0 who fulfilled the criteria for IBS while in remission (UCR+IBS) during follow-up and a group who did not (UCR-IBS). RESULTS: Among the UC @entity0 , 87 met the criteria for clinical remission and 25 (29%) of these reported IBS-like symptoms in remission during follow-up. There was no difference in inflammatory disease activity at the initial flare or in the prevalence of previous IBS symptoms when comparing UCR+IBS and UCR-IBS @entity0 . The UCR+IBS @entity0 reported more severe @entity2 , including abdominal pain, during their primary flare. CONCLUSION: The severity and extent of inflammation at onset of UC do not seem to affect the development of IBS-like symptoms in UC @entity0 during clinical remission. The high prevalence of IBS-like symptoms is not explained by pre-existing IBS. UCR+IBS @entity0 reported more severe @entity2 at disease onset, which might indicate a more sensitive gastrointestinal tract in this category of @entity0 .

title: The severity of inflammation at onset of XXXX is not associated with IBS-like symptoms during clinical remission.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The origins and developmental regulation of cerebellar oligodendrocytes are largely unknown, although some hypotheses of embryonic origins have been suggested. Neural stem cells exist in the white matter of postnatal cerebellum, but it is unclear whether these neural stem cells generate oligodendrocytes at postnatal stages. We previously showed that cerebellar progenitor cells, including neural stem cells, widely express @entity1 at around postnatal day 3. In the present study, we showed that @entity1 -positive cells prepared from the postnatal day 3 cerebellum gave rise to neurospheres, while @entity1 -negative cells prepared from the same cerebellum did not. These neurospheres differentiated mainly into oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, suggesting that @entity1 -positive neural stem/progenitor cells might generate oligodendrocytes in postnatal cerebellum. We cultured @entity1 -positive cells from the postnatal day 3 cerebellum in the presence of signaling molecules known as mitogens or inductive differentiation factors for oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Of these, only @entity0 promoted survival and proliferation of @entity1 -positive cells, and these cells differentiated into O4+ oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, we examined the effect of @entity0 on cerebellar oligodendrocyte development ex  vivo. @entity0 enhanced proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and increased the number of O4+ and @entity2 + oligodendrocytes in slice cultures. These results suggest that @entity1 -positive cells might be a source of cerebellar oligodendrocytes and that @entity0 plays important roles in their development at an early postnatal stage.

title: XXXX signal promotes proliferation of cerebellar progenitor cells and their oligodendrocytic differentiation at early postnatal stage.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sex differences in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) have been well studied in major registries and clinical trials in Western populations. Limited studies have examined the sex differences in @entity8 using a large number of Asian @entity0 as the subjects. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to study the sex differences in @entity8 using the NCVD- @entity8 (National @entity2 Database-Acute @entity5 ) registry. METHODS: We analyzed 13,591 @entity8 @entity0 , of which 75.8% were @entity0 and 24.2% were @entity0 , from March 2006 to February 2010. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, risk factors, anthropometrics, treatments, procedures, mortalities, and complications. The results were compared among 3 cohorts of @entity8 (ST-segment elevation @entity6 [STEMI], @entity6 , and @entity9 ). RESULTS: @entity0 were older and more likely to have @entity1 , @entity3 , previous @entity7 , and cerebral vascular accidents than @entity0 were. @entity0 were less likely to receive in-hospital administration of @entity4 , beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers, and they were less likely to undergo angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention. In STEMI, a significantly lower proportion of @entity0 than @entity0 received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (6.2% vs. 6.7%, respectively, p  = 0.000) and fibrinolysis (64.4% vs. 74.6%, respectively, p  = 0.000). In addition, with regard to STEMI, @entity0 had a significantly higher unadjusted in-hospital mortality rate than @entity0 did (15.0% vs. 8.1%, respectively, p < 0.000). There was no statistically significant in-hospital mortality difference between sexes for @entity6 and @entity9 . After adjustment for age and other covariates, a multivariate analysis showed no sex differences in the in-hospital mortality in all spectrums of @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed significant sex differences in the demographic characteristics, risk factors, treatments, and outcomes of @entity8 . More importantly, in @entity8 @entity0 , we found evidence of suboptimal treatments and interventions in @entity0 versus @entity0 . Our findings provide an opportunity to narrow the sex gap in the care of @entity0 with @entity8 in Malaysia.

title: Sex Differences in Acute @entity5 in a Multiethnic Asian Population: Results of the Malaysian National XXXX Database-Acute @entity5 (NCVD- @entity8 ) Registry.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sex differences in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) have been well studied in major registries and clinical trials in Western populations. Limited studies have examined the sex differences in @entity8 using a large number of Asian @entity0 as the subjects. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to study the sex differences in @entity8 using the NCVD- @entity8 (National @entity2 Database-Acute @entity5 ) registry. METHODS: We analyzed 13,591 @entity8 @entity0 , of which 75.8% were @entity0 and 24.2% were @entity0 , from March 2006 to February 2010. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, risk factors, anthropometrics, treatments, procedures, mortalities, and complications. The results were compared among 3 cohorts of @entity8 (ST-segment elevation @entity6 [STEMI], @entity6 , and @entity9 ). RESULTS: @entity0 were older and more likely to have @entity1 , @entity3 , previous @entity7 , and cerebral vascular accidents than @entity0 were. @entity0 were less likely to receive in-hospital administration of @entity4 , beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers, and they were less likely to undergo angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention. In STEMI, a significantly lower proportion of @entity0 than @entity0 received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (6.2% vs. 6.7%, respectively, p  = 0.000) and fibrinolysis (64.4% vs. 74.6%, respectively, p  = 0.000). In addition, with regard to STEMI, @entity0 had a significantly higher unadjusted in-hospital mortality rate than @entity0 did (15.0% vs. 8.1%, respectively, p < 0.000). There was no statistically significant in-hospital mortality difference between sexes for @entity6 and @entity9 . After adjustment for age and other covariates, a multivariate analysis showed no sex differences in the in-hospital mortality in all spectrums of @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed significant sex differences in the demographic characteristics, risk factors, treatments, and outcomes of @entity8 . More importantly, in @entity8 @entity0 , we found evidence of suboptimal treatments and interventions in @entity0 versus @entity0 . Our findings provide an opportunity to narrow the sex gap in the care of @entity0 with @entity8 in Malaysia.

title: Sex Differences in Acute XXXX in a Multiethnic Asian Population: Results of the Malaysian National @entity2 Database-Acute @entity5 (NCVD- @entity8 ) Registry.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sex differences in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) have been well studied in major registries and clinical trials in Western populations. Limited studies have examined the sex differences in @entity8 using a large number of Asian @entity0 as the subjects. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to study the sex differences in @entity8 using the NCVD- @entity8 (National @entity2 Database-Acute @entity5 ) registry. METHODS: We analyzed 13,591 @entity8 @entity0 , of which 75.8% were @entity0 and 24.2% were @entity0 , from March 2006 to February 2010. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, risk factors, anthropometrics, treatments, procedures, mortalities, and complications. The results were compared among 3 cohorts of @entity8 (ST-segment elevation @entity6 [STEMI], @entity6 , and @entity9 ). RESULTS: @entity0 were older and more likely to have @entity1 , @entity3 , previous @entity7 , and cerebral vascular accidents than @entity0 were. @entity0 were less likely to receive in-hospital administration of @entity4 , beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers, and they were less likely to undergo angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention. In STEMI, a significantly lower proportion of @entity0 than @entity0 received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (6.2% vs. 6.7%, respectively, p  = 0.000) and fibrinolysis (64.4% vs. 74.6%, respectively, p  = 0.000). In addition, with regard to STEMI, @entity0 had a significantly higher unadjusted in-hospital mortality rate than @entity0 did (15.0% vs. 8.1%, respectively, p < 0.000). There was no statistically significant in-hospital mortality difference between sexes for @entity6 and @entity9 . After adjustment for age and other covariates, a multivariate analysis showed no sex differences in the in-hospital mortality in all spectrums of @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed significant sex differences in the demographic characteristics, risk factors, treatments, and outcomes of @entity8 . More importantly, in @entity8 @entity0 , we found evidence of suboptimal treatments and interventions in @entity0 versus @entity0 . Our findings provide an opportunity to narrow the sex gap in the care of @entity0 with @entity8 in Malaysia.

title: Sex Differences in Acute @entity5 in a Multiethnic Asian Population: Results of the Malaysian National @entity2 Database-Acute XXXX (NCVD- @entity8 ) Registry.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sex differences in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) have been well studied in major registries and clinical trials in Western populations. Limited studies have examined the sex differences in @entity8 using a large number of Asian @entity0 as the subjects. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to study the sex differences in @entity8 using the NCVD- @entity8 (National @entity2 Database-Acute @entity5 ) registry. METHODS: We analyzed 13,591 @entity8 @entity0 , of which 75.8% were @entity0 and 24.2% were @entity0 , from March 2006 to February 2010. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, risk factors, anthropometrics, treatments, procedures, mortalities, and complications. The results were compared among 3 cohorts of @entity8 (ST-segment elevation @entity6 [STEMI], @entity6 , and @entity9 ). RESULTS: @entity0 were older and more likely to have @entity1 , @entity3 , previous @entity7 , and cerebral vascular accidents than @entity0 were. @entity0 were less likely to receive in-hospital administration of @entity4 , beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers, and they were less likely to undergo angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention. In STEMI, a significantly lower proportion of @entity0 than @entity0 received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (6.2% vs. 6.7%, respectively, p  = 0.000) and fibrinolysis (64.4% vs. 74.6%, respectively, p  = 0.000). In addition, with regard to STEMI, @entity0 had a significantly higher unadjusted in-hospital mortality rate than @entity0 did (15.0% vs. 8.1%, respectively, p < 0.000). There was no statistically significant in-hospital mortality difference between sexes for @entity6 and @entity9 . After adjustment for age and other covariates, a multivariate analysis showed no sex differences in the in-hospital mortality in all spectrums of @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed significant sex differences in the demographic characteristics, risk factors, treatments, and outcomes of @entity8 . More importantly, in @entity8 @entity0 , we found evidence of suboptimal treatments and interventions in @entity0 versus @entity0 . Our findings provide an opportunity to narrow the sex gap in the care of @entity0 with @entity8 in Malaysia.

title: Sex Differences in Acute @entity5 in a Multiethnic Asian Population: Results of the Malaysian National @entity2 Database-Acute @entity5 (NCVD- XXXX ) Registry.

answer: @entity8


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Air is commonly trapped within the skull in @entity0 who have been treated for @entity1 or @entity3 . In Sweden, when such a @entity0 is transported by air ambulance it is standard procedure to maintain sea-level pressure in the cabin to prevent @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, this type of flight operation is more difficult and expensive. Maintenance of sea-level cabin pressure is not common practice all over the world, and the criteria supporting the choice of pressurization during transport are inadequate and in need of evaluation. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a model to simulate the influence of intracranial air on @entity2 during air transport. METHODS: We identified an existing nonlinear model of the cerebral spinal fluid and @entity2 dynamics, then added intracranial air as a new component and evaluated the model through simulations. RESULTS: The model behaved as expected, and the simulations indicated that under normal flying conditions with decreased cabin pressure the initial intracranial air volume will increase by approximately 30% at normal maximum cabin altitude, 8000 ft. The increase in @entity2 depends upon both the initial air volume and the rate of change in cabin altitude. For an intracranial air volume of 30 ml the estimated worst-case increments of @entity2 from sea level to maximum altitude would be from 10 mm Hg to 21.0 mm Hg, or from 20 mm Hg to 31.8 mm Hg. DISCUSSION: Our results support the need for maintenance of sea-level pressure during air transport of @entity0 with suspected intracranial air, since an @entity2 increment could potentially impair the @entity0 's clinical condition.

title: Air transport of XXXX with intracranial air: computer model of pressure effects.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of the study was to establish the benefit of an additional hypothetical laboratory criterion for @entity2 ( @entity2 ), comprising positivity for antikeratin antibody (AKA) and/or antiperinuclear factor (APF). The tests were applied to a series of 308 hospital @entity0 with various recent-onset @entity1 who were followed for 3 years. The performance of APF and AKA was compared with rheumatoid factor (RF). The most sensitive (.72) but the least specific (.86) test for @entity2 was the latex test. The most specific (.96) but the least sensitive (.33) test was AKA. Waaler-Rose and APF were intermediate. AKA and/or APF positive @entity0 had significantly more @entity3 than @entity0 negative for these autoantibodies. Despite the impressive performance characteristics of APF and AKA, the actual classification impact achieved, as compared to using RF as the sole laboratory criterion, turned out to be moderate. This is because the criteria proved to be interrelated. Unlike RF, AKA and APF are not suited to the general laboratory, at least not in their present form. Moreover they so far lack the broad data base of RF.

title: Prospect for an additional laboratory criterion for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Rabbit antibodies were prepared against purified phospholipase A2 ( @entity4 ) from @entity5 ( @entity5 ) venom. The PLA2 has haemolytic, @entity3 , myotoxic, cytotoxic and @entity0 -inducing activities apart from the catalytic activity. The immunological cross-reactivity of structurally similar @entity3 PLA2s was investigated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunodiffusion. @entity2 IgG cross-reacted with other purified @entity3 PLA2s from the same venom. Immunochemical cross-reactions of anti- @entity4 IgG with @entity4 , NN-XIb-PLA2, NN-XIII-PLA2, NN-IVb1-PLA2 and NN-Vb-PLA2 were shown by a very high ELISA titre and a single precipitin band on double immunodiffusion agarose plates. The catalytic activity of these PLA2s was inhibited dose-dependently by anti- @entity4 IgG but was unable to neutralize lethality and @entity3 in experimental animals injected with @entity3 PLA2. @entity2 IgG fails to neutralize myotoxicity and @entity0 -inducing activities of @entity4 and NN-XIII-PLA2. @entity2 IgG inhibited cytotoxic effects of @entity4 dose-dependently, but failed to inhibit NN-XIII-PLA2-induced @entity1 . Direct haemolytic activity of @entity4 and NN-XIII-PLA2 was inhibited dose-dependently by these antibodies. The results indicate the presence of separate catalytic and pharmacologic site(s).

title: Immunochemical cross-reactivity of XXXX phospholipase A2 enzymes from @entity5 ( @entity5 ) venom using polyclonal antibodies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Rabbit antibodies were prepared against purified phospholipase A2 ( @entity4 ) from @entity5 ( @entity5 ) venom. The PLA2 has haemolytic, @entity3 , myotoxic, cytotoxic and @entity0 -inducing activities apart from the catalytic activity. The immunological cross-reactivity of structurally similar @entity3 PLA2s was investigated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunodiffusion. @entity2 IgG cross-reacted with other purified @entity3 PLA2s from the same venom. Immunochemical cross-reactions of anti- @entity4 IgG with @entity4 , NN-XIb-PLA2, NN-XIII-PLA2, NN-IVb1-PLA2 and NN-Vb-PLA2 were shown by a very high ELISA titre and a single precipitin band on double immunodiffusion agarose plates. The catalytic activity of these PLA2s was inhibited dose-dependently by anti- @entity4 IgG but was unable to neutralize lethality and @entity3 in experimental animals injected with @entity3 PLA2. @entity2 IgG fails to neutralize myotoxicity and @entity0 -inducing activities of @entity4 and NN-XIII-PLA2. @entity2 IgG inhibited cytotoxic effects of @entity4 dose-dependently, but failed to inhibit NN-XIII-PLA2-induced @entity1 . Direct haemolytic activity of @entity4 and NN-XIII-PLA2 was inhibited dose-dependently by these antibodies. The results indicate the presence of separate catalytic and pharmacologic site(s).

title: Immunochemical cross-reactivity of @entity3 phospholipase A2 enzymes from XXXX ( @entity5 ) venom using polyclonal antibodies.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Rabbit antibodies were prepared against purified phospholipase A2 ( @entity4 ) from @entity5 ( @entity5 ) venom. The PLA2 has haemolytic, @entity3 , myotoxic, cytotoxic and @entity0 -inducing activities apart from the catalytic activity. The immunological cross-reactivity of structurally similar @entity3 PLA2s was investigated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunodiffusion. @entity2 IgG cross-reacted with other purified @entity3 PLA2s from the same venom. Immunochemical cross-reactions of anti- @entity4 IgG with @entity4 , NN-XIb-PLA2, NN-XIII-PLA2, NN-IVb1-PLA2 and NN-Vb-PLA2 were shown by a very high ELISA titre and a single precipitin band on double immunodiffusion agarose plates. The catalytic activity of these PLA2s was inhibited dose-dependently by anti- @entity4 IgG but was unable to neutralize lethality and @entity3 in experimental animals injected with @entity3 PLA2. @entity2 IgG fails to neutralize myotoxicity and @entity0 -inducing activities of @entity4 and NN-XIII-PLA2. @entity2 IgG inhibited cytotoxic effects of @entity4 dose-dependently, but failed to inhibit NN-XIII-PLA2-induced @entity1 . Direct haemolytic activity of @entity4 and NN-XIII-PLA2 was inhibited dose-dependently by these antibodies. The results indicate the presence of separate catalytic and pharmacologic site(s).

title: Immunochemical cross-reactivity of @entity3 phospholipase A2 enzymes from @entity5 ( XXXX ) venom using polyclonal antibodies.

answer: @entity5


abstract: An 83-year-old @entity0 was transferred to our cardiac intensive care unit with an acute non-Q-wave @entity3 and @entity9 . Enoxaparin was one component of the treatment regimen used. Her hospital course was complicated by episodes of @entity2 , as well as by recurrent left hip and left thigh @entity1 . The defining event occurred when the @entity0 became acutely @entity2 and developed @entity7 , peritoneal signs, intense @entity4 , and a 3.3 g/dl hemoglobin decrease. Abdominal computed tomography showed a 9 x 6 x 20 cm left retroperitoneal @entity6 . The @entity6 was spontaneous, secondary to enoxaparin use. The @entity0 died despite vigorous supportive care. @entity8 is being increasingly used in @entity0 with @entity5 . Review of the medical literature revealed that this is the first reported case of a @entity0 with an @entity5 who died as a result of an @entity8 -induced, @entity6 . This article reviews important clinical signs and symptoms, identifies high-risk @entity0 populations, and discusses management strategies.

title: Fatal XXXX secondary to enoxaparin.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Defects in the lower two thirds of the face occur due to @entity1 , tumoral masses, or @entity2 . In this study, repairs of various defects located in the midface using facial artery perforator-based nasolabial flaps are presented. @entity0 AND METHODS: Between January 2009 and June 2013, 15 @entity0 with defects in the lower two thirds of the face or the intraoral region underwent repairs with facial artery perforator-based nasolabial flaps. The etiology was @entity3 excisions in 11 @entity0 , @entity2 @entity0 , and @entity1 in 2 @entity0 . Among the @entity0 , 10 were male and 5 were female. Their mean age was 65.1 (range: 20-86) years. The mean duration of follow-up was 14 (7-24) months. The defects were located at the upper lip, cheek, lower lip, intraoral region, and the nasal area. The size of the defects varied between 10*10mm and 40*50mm. All the flaps were prepared as perforator flaps. The @entity4 donor area was primarily closed. RESULTS: No partial or total @entity4 loss was observed in any of the flaps. The @entity4 donor areas healed without problem. Full @entity0 satisfaction was achieved both aesthetically and functionally. CONCLUSION: The nasolabial perforator @entity4 has certain advantages such as the 1-stage application, repair using a similar tissue, a wider rotation arc around the pedicle compared to the other regional flaps, and the primary closure of the donor area. Based on these characteristics, it is an ideal alternative for the repairs of the defects located in the lower two thirds of the face or the intraoral region.

title: The Versatile Facial Artery Perforator-Based Nasolabial XXXX in Midface Reconstruction.

answer: @entity4


abstract: To study the sand @entity2 fauna, surveys were performed at four different @entity1 sites in Ecuador from February 2013 to April 2014. A modified and simplified version of the conventional Shannon trap was named "mini-Shannon trap" and put to multiple uses at the different study sites in limited, forested and narrow spaces. The mini-Shannon, CDC light trap and protected @entity0 landing method were employed for sand @entity2 collection. The species identification of sand flies was performed mainly based on the morphology of spermathecae and cibarium, after dissection of fresh samples. In this study, therefore, only female samples were used for analysis. A total of 1,480 female sand flies belonging to 25 Lutzomyia species were collected. The number of female sand flies collected was 417 (28.2%) using the mini-Shannon trap, 259 (17.5%) using the CDC light trap and 804 (54.3%) by @entity0 landing. The total number of sand flies per trap collected by the different methods was markedly affected by the study site, probably because of the various composition of species at each locality. Furthermore, as an additional study, the attraction of sand flies to mini-Shannon traps powered with LED white-light and LED black-light was investigated preliminarily, together with the CDC light trap and @entity0 landing. As a result, a total of 426 sand flies of nine Lutzomyia species, including seven @entity0 -biting and two non-biting species, were collected during three capture trials in May and June 2014 in an area endemic for @entity1 (La Ventura). The black-light proved relatively superior to the white-light with regard to capture numbers, but no significant statistical difference was observed between the two traps.

title: Sand @entity2 fauna (Diptera, pcychodidae, phlebotominae) in different XXXX areas of ecuador, surveyed using a newly named mini-shannon trap.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To study the sand @entity2 fauna, surveys were performed at four different @entity1 sites in Ecuador from February 2013 to April 2014. A modified and simplified version of the conventional Shannon trap was named "mini-Shannon trap" and put to multiple uses at the different study sites in limited, forested and narrow spaces. The mini-Shannon, CDC light trap and protected @entity0 landing method were employed for sand @entity2 collection. The species identification of sand flies was performed mainly based on the morphology of spermathecae and cibarium, after dissection of fresh samples. In this study, therefore, only female samples were used for analysis. A total of 1,480 female sand flies belonging to 25 Lutzomyia species were collected. The number of female sand flies collected was 417 (28.2%) using the mini-Shannon trap, 259 (17.5%) using the CDC light trap and 804 (54.3%) by @entity0 landing. The total number of sand flies per trap collected by the different methods was markedly affected by the study site, probably because of the various composition of species at each locality. Furthermore, as an additional study, the attraction of sand flies to mini-Shannon traps powered with LED white-light and LED black-light was investigated preliminarily, together with the CDC light trap and @entity0 landing. As a result, a total of 426 sand flies of nine Lutzomyia species, including seven @entity0 -biting and two non-biting species, were collected during three capture trials in May and June 2014 in an area endemic for @entity1 (La Ventura). The black-light proved relatively superior to the white-light with regard to capture numbers, but no significant statistical difference was observed between the two traps.

title: Sand XXXX fauna (Diptera, pcychodidae, phlebotominae) in different @entity1 areas of ecuador, surveyed using a newly named mini-shannon trap.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fourteen @entity5 of the ovary with a prominent component of spindle-shaped epithelial cells are reported. Eleven were initially misdiagnosed as sexcord @entity1 , malignant mesodermal mixed @entity1 , @entity1 of probable wolffian origin, or metastatic @entity3 . All of the @entity1 , however, had one or more features establishing them as @entity5 , including (a) glands typical of @entity5 , (b) foci of squamous differentiation, and (c) an @entity4 . Six cases were examined immunohistochemically, and the epithelial nature of the spindle cells was supported by immunostaining for keratin and epithelial membrane antigen. The @entity0 ranged in age from 42 to 89 years (mean, 61). Four cases were stage I, five stage II, and three stage III. Follow-up information was available in seven cases. Five @entity0 were free of disease at 8, 11, 32, 56, and 103 months, and two @entity0 were alive with disease at 10 and 20 months. The age of the @entity0 , clinical presentation, @entity1 stage, and gross appearance were similar to those of typical @entity5 . It is important that this @entity1 be distinguished from other @entity2 with a spindle-cell component because of differences in treatment and prognosis.

title: XXXX with a prominent spindle-cell component, a source of diagnostic confusion. A report of 14 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: IMPORTANCE: An increasing amount of evidence supports the use of antibiotics instead of surgery for treating @entity0 with uncomplicated @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To compare antibiotic therapy with appendectomy in the treatment of uncomplicated @entity1 confirmed by computed tomography (CT). DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : The @entity2 Acuta (APPAC) multicenter, open-label, noninferiority randomized clinical trial was conducted from November 2009 until June 2012 in Finland. The trial enrolled 530 @entity0 aged 18 to 60 years with uncomplicated @entity1 confirmed by a CT scan. @entity0 were randomly assigned to early appendectomy or antibiotic treatment with a 1-year follow-up period. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 randomized to antibiotic therapy received intravenous @entity6 (1 g/d) for 3 days followed by 7 days of oral @entity4 (500 mg once daily) and @entity3 (500 mg 3 times per day). @entity0 randomized to the surgical treatment group were assigned to undergo standard open appendectomy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end point for the surgical intervention was the successful completion of an appendectomy. The primary end point for antibiotic-treated @entity0 was discharge from the hospital without the need for surgery and no recurrent @entity2 during a 1-year follow-up period. RESULTS: There were 273 @entity0 in the surgical group and 257 in the antibiotic group. Of 273 @entity0 in the surgical group, all but 1 underwent successful appendectomy, resulting in a success rate of 99.6% (95% CI, 98.0% to 100.0%). In the antibiotic group, 70 @entity0 (27.3%; 95% CI, 22.0% to 33.2%) underwent appendectomy within 1 year of initial presentation for @entity2 . Of the 256 @entity0 available for follow-up in the antibiotic group, 186 (72.7%; 95% CI, 66.8% to 78.0%) did not require surgery. The intention-to-treat analysis yielded a difference in treatment efficacy between groups of -27.0% (95% CI, -31.6% to    ) (P   =   .89). Given the prespecified noninferiority margin of 24%, we were unable to demonstrate noninferiority of antibiotic treatment relative to surgery. Of the 70 @entity0 randomized to antibiotic treatment who subsequently underwent appendectomy, 58 (82.9%; 95% CI, 72.0% to 90.8%) had @entity2 , 7 (10.0%; 95% CI, 4.1% to 19.5%) had complicated @entity1 , and 5 (7.1%; 95% CI, 2.4% to 15.9%) did not have @entity2 but received appendectomy for suspected recurrence. There were no @entity5 or other major complications associated with delayed appendectomy in @entity0 randomized to antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among @entity0 with CT-proven, @entity2 , antibiotic treatment did not meet the prespecified criterion for noninferiority compared with appendectomy. Most @entity0 randomized to antibiotic treatment for @entity2 did not require appendectomy during the 1-year follow-up period, and those who required appendectomy did not experience significant complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01022567.

title: Antibiotic Therapy vs Appendectomy for Treatment of Uncomplicated XXXX : The APPAC Randomized Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity1