abstract: Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown a positive correlation between smoking and @entity2 . To investigate the prevalence of cigarette smoking, 277 @entity2 outpatients with @entity3 or @entity4 (DSM-IV) answered a self-evaluation questionnaire about smoking behavior and were compared with a group of 68 control subjects. The diagnoses (N = 262) were: 30.2% (N = 79) major @entity4 , 23.3% (N = 61) @entity7 , 15.6% (N = 41) @entity3 , 7.3% (N = 19) other @entity3 , and 23.7% (N = 62) @entity1 . Among them, 26.3% (N = 69) were smokers, 23.7% (N = 62) were former smokers and 50.0% (N = 131) were nonsmokers. The prevalence of @entity6 @entity5 among the smokers was 59.0% (DSM-IV). The frequency of cigarette smoking did not show any significant difference among the five classes of diagnosis. The @entity3 @entity0 were the heaviest smokers (75.0%), with more unsuccessful attempts to stop smoking (89.0%). The frequency of former smokers was significantly higher among older subjects and nonsmokers were significantly younger (chi2 = 9.13, d.f. = 2, P = 0.01). Our data present some clinical implications suggesting that in our @entity2 outpatient sample with @entity3 , @entity4 and comorbidity ( @entity3 and @entity4 ), the frequency of cigarette smoking did not differ from the frequency found in the control group or in general population studies. Some specific features of our population (outpatients, @entity3 and @entity4 ) might be responsible for these results.

title: Smoking and XXXX : a comorbidity survey.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We report the outcome of nine unrelated bone marrow transplants performed for acquired severe @entity5 at a single centre. Six @entity0 received transplants from fully matched donors. Three donor/recipient pairs were mismatched, two at a single allele on high resolution typing. Pre-transplant conditioning consisted of @entity3 and in vivo Campath-1 monoclonal antibody. One @entity0 also received @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and another @entity0 with a coexisting @entity6 ( @entity6 ) clone received additional busulphan. @entity1 was given for 12 months as prophylaxis against @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Six of nine @entity0 are alive and transfusion independent with a mean follow-up of 24 months (range: 1.5-94). All six @entity0 who received fully matched transplants are alive; the three who received mismatched grafts died. Four long-term survivors developed autologous haematological recovery following rejection of their grafts. Acute @entity4 grade II+ occurred in two @entity0 . We highlight the importance of high-resolution HLA typing, including Cw matching in reducing the incidence of graft rejection and @entity4 , resulting in improved survival in our @entity0 group. This study also shows that autologous recovery with long-term survival can occur following non-irradiation conditioning regimens.

title: Autologous recovery following non-myeloablative unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation for severe XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Biomaterial-implants are frequently used to restore function and form of @entity0 anatomy. However, the presence of implanted biomaterials dramatically elevates @entity2 risk. @entity3 , @entity4 placed in a bacteria-laden milieu experience moderate failure-rates, due to @entity2 (0.0-1.1  %), similar to the ones of joint-arthroplasties placed in a near-sterile environment (0.1-1.3  %). Transcutaneous bone-fixation pins breach the immune-barrier of the epidermis, exposing underlying sterile-tissue to an unsterile external environment. In contrast to @entity4 , also placed in a highly unsterile environment, these pins give rise to relatively high @entity1 -rates of up to 23.0  %. Herein, we attempt to identify causes as to why @entity4 so often succeed, where others fail. The major part of all implants considered are metal-made, with similar surface-finishes. Material choice was therefore discarded as underlying the paradox. Antimicrobial activity of saliva has also been suggested as a cause for the success of @entity4 , but was discarded because saliva is the implant-site-fluid from which viable bacteria adhere. Crevicular fluid was discarded as it is largely analogous to serum. Instead, we attribute the relative success of @entity4 to (1) ability of oral tissues to heal rapidly in the continuous presence of commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens, and (2) tolerance of the oral immune-system. Inability of local tissue to adhere, spread and grow in presence of bacteria and an intolerant immune-system are identified as the likely main causes explaining the susceptibility of other implants to @entity1 . In conclusion, it is the authors' belief that new anti- @entity2 strategies for a wide range of biomaterial-implants may be derived from the relative success of @entity4 .

title: The XXXX paradox: why do some succeed when others fail? Opinion and discussion paper.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The psychostimulants @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity10 are among the most common medications used today in @entity0 and adolescent psychiatry for the treatment of @entity0 with @entity1 . Frequently, these medications are used in combination with other medications on a short or long term basis. The present review examines psychostimulant pharmacology, summarises reported drug-drug interactions and explores underlying pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations for interactions. A computerised search was undertaken using Medline (1966 to 2000) and Current Contents to provide the literature base for reports of drug-drug interactions involving psychostimulants. These leads were further cross-referenced for completeness of the survey. @entity6 appears to be more often implicated in pharmacokinetic interactions suggestive of possible metabolic inhibition, although the mechanisms still remain unclear. @entity7 was more often involved in apparent pharmacodynamic interactions and could potentially be influenced by medications affecting @entity8 . No published reports of drug interactions involving @entity10 were found. The alpha2-adrenergic agonists @entity4 and @entity5 have been implicated in several interactions. Perhaps best documented is their antagonism by tricyclic antidepressants and @entity9 . In additional, concurrent beta-blocker use, or abrupt discontinuation, can lead to @entity2 response. Although there are few published well-controlled interaction studies with psychostimulants and alpha2-adrenergic agonists, it appears that these agents may be safely coadministered. The interactions of @entity3 oxidase inhibitors with psychostimulants represent one of the few strict contraindications.

title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 )-induced @entity5 is associated with a decreased @entity7 , which may negatively affect ischemic tolerance of the spared myocardium. The current study investigated the effects of @entity9 , a centrally acting sympatholytic, on left ventricular (LV) @entity5 and @entity7 in relation to sensitivity to @entity1 in @entity6 hearts. Infarcted @entity0 were randomized to receive 3 or 6 mg/kg/d of @entity9 from 1 to 21 days after @entity2 . @entity8 after @entity2 was indicated by increased ventricular to body weight ratio and was significantly inhibited by @entity9 . Histologic analysis revealed that @entity2 -induced @entity5 of the spared myocardium, as indicated by almost double cross-sectional area of Gomori-stained myocytes, was completely prevented by 6 mg/kg/d of @entity9 . This effect was accompanied by a a restored number of lectin-stained capillaries per tissue area. However, capillary-to-myocyte ratio was similar in all groups. @entity4 after @entity2 , measured in isolated perfused hearts, was confirmed by decreased LV systolic pressure and +dP/dtmax and was not affected by @entity9 . Low-flow @entity1 , induced by lowering perfusion pressure from 85 to 15 mm Hg for 30 min, resulted in a further reduction of cardiac perfusion compared with sham @entity0 , which was normalized with 6 mg/kg/d of @entity9 . Ischemic sensitivity in @entity2 hearts, as reflected by increased maximal coronary flow during reperfusion, was reduced with @entity9 . This was further supported by substantially lower purines and @entity3 concentrations in the coronary effluent during @entity1 . These results indicate that @entity9 -induced prevention of @entity5 may preserve @entity7 without affecting capillary number, thereby improving ischemic tolerance of the spared myocardium.

title: Restored @entity7 in spared myocardium of XXXX @entity0 improves ischemic tolerance.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 )-induced @entity5 is associated with a decreased @entity7 , which may negatively affect ischemic tolerance of the spared myocardium. The current study investigated the effects of @entity9 , a centrally acting sympatholytic, on left ventricular (LV) @entity5 and @entity7 in relation to sensitivity to @entity1 in @entity6 hearts. Infarcted @entity0 were randomized to receive 3 or 6 mg/kg/d of @entity9 from 1 to 21 days after @entity2 . @entity8 after @entity2 was indicated by increased ventricular to body weight ratio and was significantly inhibited by @entity9 . Histologic analysis revealed that @entity2 -induced @entity5 of the spared myocardium, as indicated by almost double cross-sectional area of Gomori-stained myocytes, was completely prevented by 6 mg/kg/d of @entity9 . This effect was accompanied by a a restored number of lectin-stained capillaries per tissue area. However, capillary-to-myocyte ratio was similar in all groups. @entity4 after @entity2 , measured in isolated perfused hearts, was confirmed by decreased LV systolic pressure and +dP/dtmax and was not affected by @entity9 . Low-flow @entity1 , induced by lowering perfusion pressure from 85 to 15 mm Hg for 30 min, resulted in a further reduction of cardiac perfusion compared with sham @entity0 , which was normalized with 6 mg/kg/d of @entity9 . Ischemic sensitivity in @entity2 hearts, as reflected by increased maximal coronary flow during reperfusion, was reduced with @entity9 . This was further supported by substantially lower purines and @entity3 concentrations in the coronary effluent during @entity1 . These results indicate that @entity9 -induced prevention of @entity5 may preserve @entity7 without affecting capillary number, thereby improving ischemic tolerance of the spared myocardium.

title: Restored XXXX in spared myocardium of @entity6 @entity0 improves ischemic tolerance.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 )-induced @entity5 is associated with a decreased @entity7 , which may negatively affect ischemic tolerance of the spared myocardium. The current study investigated the effects of @entity9 , a centrally acting sympatholytic, on left ventricular (LV) @entity5 and @entity7 in relation to sensitivity to @entity1 in @entity6 hearts. Infarcted @entity0 were randomized to receive 3 or 6 mg/kg/d of @entity9 from 1 to 21 days after @entity2 . @entity8 after @entity2 was indicated by increased ventricular to body weight ratio and was significantly inhibited by @entity9 . Histologic analysis revealed that @entity2 -induced @entity5 of the spared myocardium, as indicated by almost double cross-sectional area of Gomori-stained myocytes, was completely prevented by 6 mg/kg/d of @entity9 . This effect was accompanied by a a restored number of lectin-stained capillaries per tissue area. However, capillary-to-myocyte ratio was similar in all groups. @entity4 after @entity2 , measured in isolated perfused hearts, was confirmed by decreased LV systolic pressure and +dP/dtmax and was not affected by @entity9 . Low-flow @entity1 , induced by lowering perfusion pressure from 85 to 15 mm Hg for 30 min, resulted in a further reduction of cardiac perfusion compared with sham @entity0 , which was normalized with 6 mg/kg/d of @entity9 . Ischemic sensitivity in @entity2 hearts, as reflected by increased maximal coronary flow during reperfusion, was reduced with @entity9 . This was further supported by substantially lower purines and @entity3 concentrations in the coronary effluent during @entity1 . These results indicate that @entity9 -induced prevention of @entity5 may preserve @entity7 without affecting capillary number, thereby improving ischemic tolerance of the spared myocardium.

title: Restored @entity7 in spared myocardium of @entity6 XXXX improves ischemic tolerance.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 is the leading cause of @entity3 in the world, particularly in major cities in China. We aimed to determine the benefit of survival and @entity4 of Conformal Radiotherapy (CRT) combined with @entity6 -based multimodality therapy in newly diagnosed metastatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Newly diagnosed metastatic @entity5 @entity0 were treated with CRT and @entity6 , with or without chemotherapy matched protocol. The @entity0 received CRT with a dose of 30-66Gy. @entity6 was used at least one 28-day cycle. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity0 were analyzed. The median OS was 517 days. @entity0 with only one @entity2 showed longer survival than @entity0 with multi- @entity2 (986 vs. 380 days, n = 8 vs. 24, p = .009). @entity0 with multiple @entity2 in brain conferred worse survival for @entity0 without and with sole brain @entity2 (321 vs. 700 days, n=11 vs 21, p = .006). There was no significant difference in median survival whether @entity6 was used as a first-, second- or third-line therapy (380 vs. 700 vs. 310 days, n = 10 vs. 15 vs 7, respectively. p = .179). @entity0 with TTCRT > 90 days had longer OS than @entity0 with TTCRT  <= 90 days (749 vs. 322 days, n = 11 vs. 21, p = .012). @entity0 tolerated treatment with limited Grade 1/2 @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study, @entity0 with newly diagnosed metastatic @entity5 had survival benefits when @entity6 was used combined with CRT. Further prospective trials are needed to derive maximal benefit from the drug treatment.

title: A pilot study of conformal radiotherapy combined with @entity6 -based multimodality therapy in newly diagnosed metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 is the leading cause of @entity3 in the world, particularly in major cities in China. We aimed to determine the benefit of survival and @entity4 of Conformal Radiotherapy (CRT) combined with @entity6 -based multimodality therapy in newly diagnosed metastatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Newly diagnosed metastatic @entity5 @entity0 were treated with CRT and @entity6 , with or without chemotherapy matched protocol. The @entity0 received CRT with a dose of 30-66Gy. @entity6 was used at least one 28-day cycle. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity0 were analyzed. The median OS was 517 days. @entity0 with only one @entity2 showed longer survival than @entity0 with multi- @entity2 (986 vs. 380 days, n = 8 vs. 24, p = .009). @entity0 with multiple @entity2 in brain conferred worse survival for @entity0 without and with sole brain @entity2 (321 vs. 700 days, n=11 vs 21, p = .006). There was no significant difference in median survival whether @entity6 was used as a first-, second- or third-line therapy (380 vs. 700 vs. 310 days, n = 10 vs. 15 vs 7, respectively. p = .179). @entity0 with TTCRT > 90 days had longer OS than @entity0 with TTCRT  <= 90 days (749 vs. 322 days, n = 11 vs. 21, p = .012). @entity0 tolerated treatment with limited Grade 1/2 @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study, @entity0 with newly diagnosed metastatic @entity5 had survival benefits when @entity6 was used combined with CRT. Further prospective trials are needed to derive maximal benefit from the drug treatment.

title: A pilot study of conformal radiotherapy combined with XXXX -based multimodality therapy in newly diagnosed metastatic @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The septo-hippocampal cholinergic pathway has been implicated in epileptogenesis, and genetic factors influence the response to cholinergic agents, but limited data are available on cholinergic involvement in @entity1 withdrawal severity. Thus, the relationship between cholinergic activity and responsiveness and @entity1 withdrawal was investigated in a genetic animal model of @entity6 withdrawal severity. METHODS: Cholinergic convulsant sensitivity was examined in @entity1 - @entity10  ve Withdrawal @entity3 -Prone (WSP) and-Resistant (WSR) @entity0 . Animals were administered @entity7 , @entity12 , or @entity8 via timed tail vein infusion, and the latencies to onset of @entity2 and clonus were recorded and converted to threshold dose. We also used microdialysis to measure basal and @entity5 -stimulated @entity4 ( @entity9 ) release in the @entity11 region of the hippocampus. @entity5 was applied by reverse dialysis twice, separated by 75 min. Hippocampal @entity9 also was measured during testing for handling-induced @entity3 . RESULTS: Sensitivity to several @entity3 endpoints induced by @entity7 , @entity12 , and @entity8 were significantly greater in WSR versus WSP @entity0 . In microdialysis experiments, the lines did not differ in basal release of @entity9 , and 50 mM @entity13 increased @entity9 output in both lines of @entity0 . However, the increase in release of @entity9 produced by the first application of @entity13 was 2-fold higher in WSP versus WSR @entity0 . When hippocampal @entity9 was measured during testing for handling-induced @entity3 , extracellular @entity9 was significantly elevated (192%) in WSP @entity0 , but was nonsignificantly elevated (59%) in WSR @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that differences in cholinergic activity and postsynaptic sensitivity to cholinergic @entity3 may be associated with @entity6 withdrawal severity and implicate cholinergic mechanisms in @entity1 withdrawal. Specifically, WSP @entity0 may have lower sensitivity to cholinergic @entity3 compared with WSR because of postsynaptic receptor desensitization brought on by higher activity of cholinergic neurons.

title: The relationship between hippocampal @entity4 release and cholinergic convulsant sensitivity in withdrawal @entity3 -prone and withdrawal XXXX -resistant selected @entity0 lines.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The septo-hippocampal cholinergic pathway has been implicated in epileptogenesis, and genetic factors influence the response to cholinergic agents, but limited data are available on cholinergic involvement in @entity1 withdrawal severity. Thus, the relationship between cholinergic activity and responsiveness and @entity1 withdrawal was investigated in a genetic animal model of @entity6 withdrawal severity. METHODS: Cholinergic convulsant sensitivity was examined in @entity1 - @entity10  ve Withdrawal @entity3 -Prone (WSP) and-Resistant (WSR) @entity0 . Animals were administered @entity7 , @entity12 , or @entity8 via timed tail vein infusion, and the latencies to onset of @entity2 and clonus were recorded and converted to threshold dose. We also used microdialysis to measure basal and @entity5 -stimulated @entity4 ( @entity9 ) release in the @entity11 region of the hippocampus. @entity5 was applied by reverse dialysis twice, separated by 75 min. Hippocampal @entity9 also was measured during testing for handling-induced @entity3 . RESULTS: Sensitivity to several @entity3 endpoints induced by @entity7 , @entity12 , and @entity8 were significantly greater in WSR versus WSP @entity0 . In microdialysis experiments, the lines did not differ in basal release of @entity9 , and 50 mM @entity13 increased @entity9 output in both lines of @entity0 . However, the increase in release of @entity9 produced by the first application of @entity13 was 2-fold higher in WSP versus WSR @entity0 . When hippocampal @entity9 was measured during testing for handling-induced @entity3 , extracellular @entity9 was significantly elevated (192%) in WSP @entity0 , but was nonsignificantly elevated (59%) in WSR @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that differences in cholinergic activity and postsynaptic sensitivity to cholinergic @entity3 may be associated with @entity6 withdrawal severity and implicate cholinergic mechanisms in @entity1 withdrawal. Specifically, WSP @entity0 may have lower sensitivity to cholinergic @entity3 compared with WSR because of postsynaptic receptor desensitization brought on by higher activity of cholinergic neurons.

title: The relationship between hippocampal @entity4 release and cholinergic convulsant sensitivity in withdrawal XXXX -prone and withdrawal @entity3 -resistant selected @entity0 lines.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The septo-hippocampal cholinergic pathway has been implicated in epileptogenesis, and genetic factors influence the response to cholinergic agents, but limited data are available on cholinergic involvement in @entity1 withdrawal severity. Thus, the relationship between cholinergic activity and responsiveness and @entity1 withdrawal was investigated in a genetic animal model of @entity6 withdrawal severity. METHODS: Cholinergic convulsant sensitivity was examined in @entity1 - @entity10  ve Withdrawal @entity3 -Prone (WSP) and-Resistant (WSR) @entity0 . Animals were administered @entity7 , @entity12 , or @entity8 via timed tail vein infusion, and the latencies to onset of @entity2 and clonus were recorded and converted to threshold dose. We also used microdialysis to measure basal and @entity5 -stimulated @entity4 ( @entity9 ) release in the @entity11 region of the hippocampus. @entity5 was applied by reverse dialysis twice, separated by 75 min. Hippocampal @entity9 also was measured during testing for handling-induced @entity3 . RESULTS: Sensitivity to several @entity3 endpoints induced by @entity7 , @entity12 , and @entity8 were significantly greater in WSR versus WSP @entity0 . In microdialysis experiments, the lines did not differ in basal release of @entity9 , and 50 mM @entity13 increased @entity9 output in both lines of @entity0 . However, the increase in release of @entity9 produced by the first application of @entity13 was 2-fold higher in WSP versus WSR @entity0 . When hippocampal @entity9 was measured during testing for handling-induced @entity3 , extracellular @entity9 was significantly elevated (192%) in WSP @entity0 , but was nonsignificantly elevated (59%) in WSR @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that differences in cholinergic activity and postsynaptic sensitivity to cholinergic @entity3 may be associated with @entity6 withdrawal severity and implicate cholinergic mechanisms in @entity1 withdrawal. Specifically, WSP @entity0 may have lower sensitivity to cholinergic @entity3 compared with WSR because of postsynaptic receptor desensitization brought on by higher activity of cholinergic neurons.

title: The relationship between hippocampal XXXX release and cholinergic convulsant sensitivity in withdrawal @entity3 -prone and withdrawal @entity3 -resistant selected @entity0 lines.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The septo-hippocampal cholinergic pathway has been implicated in epileptogenesis, and genetic factors influence the response to cholinergic agents, but limited data are available on cholinergic involvement in @entity1 withdrawal severity. Thus, the relationship between cholinergic activity and responsiveness and @entity1 withdrawal was investigated in a genetic animal model of @entity6 withdrawal severity. METHODS: Cholinergic convulsant sensitivity was examined in @entity1 - @entity10  ve Withdrawal @entity3 -Prone (WSP) and-Resistant (WSR) @entity0 . Animals were administered @entity7 , @entity12 , or @entity8 via timed tail vein infusion, and the latencies to onset of @entity2 and clonus were recorded and converted to threshold dose. We also used microdialysis to measure basal and @entity5 -stimulated @entity4 ( @entity9 ) release in the @entity11 region of the hippocampus. @entity5 was applied by reverse dialysis twice, separated by 75 min. Hippocampal @entity9 also was measured during testing for handling-induced @entity3 . RESULTS: Sensitivity to several @entity3 endpoints induced by @entity7 , @entity12 , and @entity8 were significantly greater in WSR versus WSP @entity0 . In microdialysis experiments, the lines did not differ in basal release of @entity9 , and 50 mM @entity13 increased @entity9 output in both lines of @entity0 . However, the increase in release of @entity9 produced by the first application of @entity13 was 2-fold higher in WSP versus WSR @entity0 . When hippocampal @entity9 was measured during testing for handling-induced @entity3 , extracellular @entity9 was significantly elevated (192%) in WSP @entity0 , but was nonsignificantly elevated (59%) in WSR @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that differences in cholinergic activity and postsynaptic sensitivity to cholinergic @entity3 may be associated with @entity6 withdrawal severity and implicate cholinergic mechanisms in @entity1 withdrawal. Specifically, WSP @entity0 may have lower sensitivity to cholinergic @entity3 compared with WSR because of postsynaptic receptor desensitization brought on by higher activity of cholinergic neurons.

title: The relationship between hippocampal @entity4 release and cholinergic convulsant sensitivity in withdrawal @entity3 -prone and withdrawal @entity3 -resistant selected XXXX lines.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was determination of the etiologic agents (bacterial, fungal or viral) of acute diarrheas in @entity0 from the     d   region, suffering from acute @entity1 during the period from October 1998 to February 2001. Rotaviruses were detected by the latex test. Other microorganisms belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Vibrionaceae families, as well as the genera Listeria, Campylobacter, Candida, Staphylococcus were cultured on standard or selective culture media according to the NDH recommendations and identification by means of API system. Acute @entity1 in 155 small @entity0 below 6 years of age from the     d   region were caused by rotaviruses (n = 42; 27%). Enteropathogenic strains of @entity3 (n = 25; 16.1%) occupied the third place after Salmonella bacteria (n = 30; 19.3%--second place). Among @entity1 bacteria showed high frequency of occurrence (n = 22; 14.1%). The investigations enabled identification both the @entity2 (n = 25; 16.1%) and more rare etiologic agents of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: 1. Acute @entity1 in @entity0 from the region     d   were most frequently caused by rotaviruses; 2. Modern microbiological diagnostics of acute @entity1 in @entity0 should be multilateral, taking account of the @entity2 and expanding the routine search for bacteria of the genus Campylobacter.

title: [Etiology of acute diarrheas in XXXX from the Lodz region. I. Occurrence of etiologic agents].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neurophysiological treatment for @entity0 with medically or surgically @entity2 . Since the first @entity0 implant in 1989, more than 10,000 @entity0 have been treated with VNS. Two randomized controlled studies have shown a statistically significant decrease in @entity4 frequency during a 12-week treatment period versus a baseline period when 'high stimulation' mode was compared with 'low stimulation' mode. The efficacy appears to increase over time. In general, one third of the @entity0 show a > 50% reduction of @entity4 frequency; one third show a 30-50% @entity4 reduction, and one third of @entity0 show no response. Few @entity0 become @entity4 -free. Side effects during stimulation are mainly voice alteration, coughing, @entity5 and discomfort. When studied on a long-term basis, VNS is an efficacious, safe and cost-effective treatment not only in adults but also in @entity0 and the elderly. The precise mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. In recent years much progress has been made through neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, neurochemical and cerebral blood flow studies in animals and @entity0 treated with VNS. Further elucidation of the mechanism of action of VNS may increase its clinical efficacy and our general understanding of some physiopathological aspects of @entity2 . Finally, VNS may become an alternative treatment for other conditions such as @entity3 and @entity1 .

title: Vagus nerve stimulation for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: New developments in neuro-oncology have prompted an update of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of @entity9 . Major changes include the addition of new entities and the refinement of criteria for the diagnosis and grading of various @entity0 , in particular the @entity5 . As novel clinico-pathological entities, the @entity1 of the third ventricle, the atypical @entity8 (AT/RT), the solitary fibrous tumor, and the @entity7 have been listed. The former @entity6 of the cerebellum, previously incorporated in the family of @entity0 , is now classified as @entity2 . The term mixed @entity4 / @entity4 has been replaced by @entity4 of intermediate differentiation. Furthermore, the large cell @entity6 and the @entity3 were established as @entity0 variants. A separate chapter on the peripheral @entity0 has now been included in the classification. Substantial revisions were introduced in the @entity5 chapter. For both @entity5 WHO grade II and @entity5 WHO grade III, histopathological criteria are now precisely defined. An important new addition to the WHO 2000 classification of nervous @entity0 is the inclusion of molecular pathology findings. With this combination of pathology and genetics it has set the stage for a new format of the WHO tumor classification series.

title: [The new WHO classification of XXXX 2000. Pathology and genetics].

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Two experiments were conducted where three biochars, made from macadamia nutshell (MS), hardwood shaving ( @entity1 ) and @entity0 litter (CL), were co-composted with @entity0 manure and sawdust, and also incubated with a @entity0 litter based commercial compost. Biochars were added at the rates of 5% and 10% in the co-composting and 10% and 20% in the incubation experiment. The rates of biochar had no consistent effect on the change in element contents of composted- or incubated-biochars. The biochar C demonstrated recalcitrance in both composting and incubation systems. Composting increased the CEC of biochars probably due to thermophilic oxidation. The increases in CEC of @entity1 and CL were 6.5 and 2.2 times, respectively, for composting. Translocation of elements, between biochar and compost medium, occurred in both directions. In most cases, biochars gained elements under the influence of positive difference of concentrations (i.e., when compost medium had higher concentration of elements than biochar), while in some cases they lost elements despite a positive difference. Biochar lost some elements ( @entity1 : B; CL: B, @entity2 and S) under the influence of negative difference of concentrations. Some biochars showed strong affinity for B, C, N and S: the concentration of these elements gained by biochars surpassed the concentration in the respective composting medium. The material difference in the biochars did not have influence on N retention: all three netbag-biochars increased their N content. The cost of production of biochar-compost will be lower in co-composting than incubation, which involves two separate processes, i.e., composting and subsequent incubation.

title: Physical and chemical properties of biochars co-composted with biowastes and incubated with a XXXX litter compost.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 on magnetic resonance imaging are increased in major @entity0 , especially in frontal areas. These lesions have been hypothesized to be @entity1 in origin, but there have been no previous neuropathological studies in @entity2 . We investigated the neuropathological basis of these lesions in @entity2 , hypothesizing that they would be more frequently @entity1 in origin in depressed subjects. METHODS: We carried out in vitro magnetic resonance imaging on 3 slices of brain tissue (2 frontal, 1 occipital) from 20 elderly subjects who had a history of @entity2 and 20 elderly controls. The films were blindly rated, and sections were prepared for neuropathological analysis from the same slices and stained conventionally and by means of immunohistochemistry for microglia, macrophages, and astroglia. Lesions on the films were identified in the tissue, blindly described neuropathologically, and subsequently divided into @entity1 and nonischemic lesions. RESULTS: All the deep @entity0 in the depressed group were found to be @entity1 , compared with less than a third of those in the control group, a highly significant difference (P<.001). This difference was due to smaller punctate lesions (<3 mm), which were predominantly @entity1 in depressed subjects but not in control subjects. Larger lesions were usually @entity1 in both groups. Compared with control subjects, @entity3 were significantly more likely to be in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared with the anterior cingulate cortex (P =.003) and the occipital cortex (P =.01) in the depressed subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Deep @entity0 are more frequently due to @entity3 , and such @entity3 are more frequently located at the level of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in depressed subjects. Our findings strongly support the " @entity2 " @entity2 .

title: Ischemic basis for deep XXXX in @entity2 : a neuropathological study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 on magnetic resonance imaging are increased in major @entity0 , especially in frontal areas. These lesions have been hypothesized to be @entity1 in origin, but there have been no previous neuropathological studies in @entity2 . We investigated the neuropathological basis of these lesions in @entity2 , hypothesizing that they would be more frequently @entity1 in origin in depressed subjects. METHODS: We carried out in vitro magnetic resonance imaging on 3 slices of brain tissue (2 frontal, 1 occipital) from 20 elderly subjects who had a history of @entity2 and 20 elderly controls. The films were blindly rated, and sections were prepared for neuropathological analysis from the same slices and stained conventionally and by means of immunohistochemistry for microglia, macrophages, and astroglia. Lesions on the films were identified in the tissue, blindly described neuropathologically, and subsequently divided into @entity1 and nonischemic lesions. RESULTS: All the deep @entity0 in the depressed group were found to be @entity1 , compared with less than a third of those in the control group, a highly significant difference (P<.001). This difference was due to smaller punctate lesions (<3 mm), which were predominantly @entity1 in depressed subjects but not in control subjects. Larger lesions were usually @entity1 in both groups. Compared with control subjects, @entity3 were significantly more likely to be in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared with the anterior cingulate cortex (P =.003) and the occipital cortex (P =.01) in the depressed subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Deep @entity0 are more frequently due to @entity3 , and such @entity3 are more frequently located at the level of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in depressed subjects. Our findings strongly support the " @entity2 " @entity2 .

title: Ischemic basis for deep @entity0 in XXXX : a neuropathological study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To establish whether there are increased rates of suicide after a @entity1 and the degree to which any increase is related to gender, age at @entity1 , diagnosis, duration of hospitalisation, and time since @entity1 . DESIGN: Cross linkage of national registers for hospitalisations and causes of @entity2 . SETTING: The population of Denmark, 1979-1993. @entity0 : A study cohort was defined comprising all 114 098 @entity1 @entity0 discharged alive from hospital during the period 1979-1993. These @entity0 were then screened in a register of causes of @entity2 over the same time period, and 359 cases of suicide were identified. MAIN RESULTS: Annual incidence rates, both observed and expected, together with standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were computed based on annual population and suicide statistics, stratified by age and gender. The overall annual incidence rate of suicide in the cohort was 83 per 100 000 per year compared with an expected figure of 45 (difference = 38, 95% CI = 27, 49). Correspondingly, SMR were increased for @entity1 @entity0 . Across all age bands the SMR for mens was 1.88 (95%CI 1.66, 2.13) and for @entity0 1.78 (1.48, 2.14). SMR were greatest (2.85; 2.17, 3.76) for @entity0 under 50 years of age group and were least for @entity0 80 years or older (1.3; 0.95, 1.79). There was no clear relation to @entity1 diagnosis. Suicides were negatively related to duration of hospitalisation, being lowest for those hospitalised for more than three months (0.88; 0.65, 1.19) and highest for those hospitalised for less than two weeks (2.32; 1.92, 2.80). Survival analysis suggested that the risk for suicide is greatest up to about five years after a @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 @entity0 are at an approximately doubled risk for suicide. This risk is greater among younger @entity0 and among @entity0 hospitalised for a relatively shorter time. The risk appears to decline with time after a @entity1 , being greatest within the first five years.

title: Suicide after a XXXX : a population study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Growing demand for and limited geographic access to genetic counseling services is increasing the need for alternative @entity3 ( @entity3 ) like @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity2 has been done on genetic counselors' perspectives of the practice of @entity1 . We created an anonymous online survey to assess whether telephone genetic counselors believed the tasks identified in the ABGC (American Board of Genetic Counseling) Practice Analysis were performed similarly or differently in @entity1 compared to in @entity0 genetic counseling (IPGC). If there were differences noted, we sought to determine the nature of the differences and if additional training might be needed to address them. Eighty eight genetic counselors with experience in @entity1 completed some or all of the survey. Respondents identified differences in 13 (14.8  %) of the 88 tasks studied. The tasks identified as most different in @entity1 were: "establishing rapport through verbal and nonverbal interactions" (60.2  %; 50/83 respondents identified the task as different), "recognizing factors affecting the counseling interaction" (47.8  %; 32/67), "assessing client/family emotions, support, etc." (40.1  %; 27/66) and "educating clients about basic genetic concepts" (35.6  %; 26/73). A slight majority (53.8  %; 35/65) felt additional training was needed to communicate information without visual aids and more effectively perform psychosocial assessments. In summary, although a majority of genetic counseling tasks are performed similarly between @entity1 and IPGC, @entity1 counselors recognize that specific training in the @entity1 model may be needed to address the key differences.

title: A Comparison of Telephone Genetic Counseling and In- XXXX Genetic Counseling from the Genetic Counselor's Perspective.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of positron emission tomography (PET) compared with computed tomography (CT) in the initial staging of @entity1 . DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Tertiary care veterans hospital. @entity0 : @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity1 from January 1996 through May 2001 who underwent both CT and PET scanning within 4 weeks were included in the study (n = 24). Only @entity0 who underwent pathological or radiographic follow-up were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of CT and PET were determined based on a criterion standard of pathological staging in 16 @entity0 (67%) and follow-up imaging in 8 @entity0 (33%). RESULTS: For staging regional lymph node involvement, CT and PET scans showed no statistically significant difference in sensitivity (57% and 71%, respectively) and specificity (71% and 86%, respectively). For detection of metastatic disease, CT and PET showed no significant difference in sensitivity (83% and 67%, respectively) and specificity (75% and 92%, respectively). There was no significant difference in clinical decision making when the results of both tests were discordant. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference between the 2 imaging modalities in the initial staging of @entity1 . The CT scan was a sensitive indicator of distant metastases, whereas PET was more specific. It is unclear what additional role PET scanning should have in the initial screening of @entity0 .

title: Positron emission tomography in the initial staging of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of life (QOL) in severely @entity1 subjects before and after @entity6 -Band gastric restrictive surgery and identify factors that may influence change. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: All @entity0 , over a 3-year period, attending for preoperative assessment (n = 459) or annual review after surgery (n = 641) have completed the Short Form-36 (SF-36) health survey. Eight domain and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) scores were calculated. Scores were analyzed in groups based on time after surgery and compared with community normal (CN) values. Paired preoperative and 1-year scores (n = 218) data were used to find predictors of QOL change. RESULTS: All preoperative mean scores (n = 459) were lower than CN values, with greater impairment in the @entity5 (36.8 +/- 9.5 vs. CN: 51.3 +/- 8.3, p < 0.001) than in the @entity4 (45.7 +/- 8.2 vs. CN: 48.8 +/- 9.5, p < 0.001) scores. After 1 year, scores were closer to CN scores ( @entity5 : 52.4 +/- 8.2 and @entity4 : 48.4 +/- 7.7), and these remained closer for 4 years. @entity1 comorbidity, especially @entity3 , was the best predictor of poor preoperative SF-36 scores and of improvement in scores at 1 year. The percentage of excess @entity2 at 1 year (46 +/- 16%) was of little predictive value of improved QOL. DISCUSSION: Severely @entity1 subjects have poor health-related QOL as measured by the SF-36 health survey. @entity6 -Band surgery for this group has provided a dramatic and sustained improvement in all measures of the SF-36. Improvement is greater in those with greater preoperative disability, and the extent of @entity2 is not a good predictor of improved QOL.

title: Quality of life after @entity6 -band placement: influence of time, XXXX , and comorbidities.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of life (QOL) in severely @entity1 subjects before and after @entity6 -Band gastric restrictive surgery and identify factors that may influence change. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: All @entity0 , over a 3-year period, attending for preoperative assessment (n = 459) or annual review after surgery (n = 641) have completed the Short Form-36 (SF-36) health survey. Eight domain and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) scores were calculated. Scores were analyzed in groups based on time after surgery and compared with community normal (CN) values. Paired preoperative and 1-year scores (n = 218) data were used to find predictors of QOL change. RESULTS: All preoperative mean scores (n = 459) were lower than CN values, with greater impairment in the @entity5 (36.8 +/- 9.5 vs. CN: 51.3 +/- 8.3, p < 0.001) than in the @entity4 (45.7 +/- 8.2 vs. CN: 48.8 +/- 9.5, p < 0.001) scores. After 1 year, scores were closer to CN scores ( @entity5 : 52.4 +/- 8.2 and @entity4 : 48.4 +/- 7.7), and these remained closer for 4 years. @entity1 comorbidity, especially @entity3 , was the best predictor of poor preoperative SF-36 scores and of improvement in scores at 1 year. The percentage of excess @entity2 at 1 year (46 +/- 16%) was of little predictive value of improved QOL. DISCUSSION: Severely @entity1 subjects have poor health-related QOL as measured by the SF-36 health survey. @entity6 -Band surgery for this group has provided a dramatic and sustained improvement in all measures of the SF-36. Improvement is greater in those with greater preoperative disability, and the extent of @entity2 is not a good predictor of improved QOL.

title: Quality of life after XXXX -band placement: influence of time, @entity2 , and comorbidities.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Probiotics could represent an effective alternative to the use of synthetic substances in nutrition and medicine. The data concerning the efficacy of probiotics are often contradictory. This paper focuses on the enhancement of the efficacy of probiotics by their combination with synergistically acting components of natural origin. Maltodextrins can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of starch and are suitable for consumption. Administration of @entity4 together with maltodextrin decreased the number of @entity0 colonising the jejunal mucosa of gnotobiotic piglets by 1 logarithm compared to the control group. Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are naturally occurring oligosaccharides, mainly of plant origin. @entity4 administered in combination with FOS significantly increased counts of @entity4 spp., Bifidobacterium spp., total anaerobes and total aerobes compared to the control group as well as the @entity4 group. It also significantly decreased Clostridium and Enterobacterium counts in the faeces of the weanling piglets compared with the control group. Dietary lipids influence the gastrointestinal microbiota and specifically the population of @entity1 bacteria. In gnotobiotic piglets the oral administration of an oil containing @entity2 ( @entity3 ) significantly increased the number of @entity4 adhering to jejunal mucosa compared to the control group. Our results showed that maltodextrin KMS X-70 and @entity3 can be used to enhance the effect of probiotic micro-organisms in the small intestine, and similarly FOS enhance the effect of probiotic micro-organisms in the large intestine.

title: Improvement of the probiotic effect of micro-organisms by their combination with maltodextrins, fructo-oligosaccharides and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endometrial polyps are common benign gynaecologic disorders. The etiopathogenesis of this condition remains unclear, however @entity1 is an important risk factor for the development of @entity4 . AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate a possible association between @entity4 of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five @entity0 with @entity4 (study group) and 45 without (control group) were included in this cross-sectional study. The main parameters evaluated between the groups were age, BMI (body mass index), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, serum lipid profiles, fasting @entity3 levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of BMI, WC, insulin levels and HOMA-IR (P  <  0.05). The @entity2 was present in 32 (71.1%) of @entity0 in the study group and in 6 (13.3%) in the control group (P  <  0.001). Logistic regression demonstrated that @entity2 was a significant risk factor for @entity4 . ROC curve analysis also showed that @entity2 was the most significant discriminative risk factor in the study group with an AUC of 0.789 (0.691-0.887; CI 95%). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that there may be a relationship between @entity4 and insulin resistance. Further studies are required to explain the role of this relationship in the pathogenesis of the disease.

title: The association between XXXX : A case-control study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Although tailored print materials (TPMs) have been assessed for a variety of behavioral targets, their effectiveness as decision aids for genetic testing had not been evaluated at the time this study began. We compared TPMs and non-tailored print material (NPMs) that included similar content about genetic testing for @entity4 susceptibility. TPMs were prepared especially for an individual based on information from and about her. We mailed baseline surveys to 461 @entity0 referred by physicians or identified through a @entity1 registry. All had personal and family histories of @entity4 and, on the basis of these histories, an estimated > or =10% probability of carrying a mutation in the @entity4 genes @entity5 or @entity3 . The 325 (70%) who responded were randomly assigned to receive TPM or NPM. Followup surveys, mailed 2 weeks following receipt of print materials, were returned by 262 @entity0 (81% of baseline responders). @entity0 were predominately white (94%) and well-educated (50% college graduates). The mean age was 49 years. At follow-up, TPM recipients exhibited significantly greater improvement in percent of correct responses for the 13-item true/false measure of knowledge (24% increase for TPM vs. 16% for NPM; p < 0.0001) and significantly less over-estimation of risk of being a mutation carrier (40% TPM group overestimated vs. 70% NPM; p < 0.0001). @entity2 did not differ significantly between groups. Reactions to materials differed on two items: "seemed to be prepared just for me" (76% TPM vs. 52% NPM; p < 0.001) and "told me what I wanted to know about @entity6 testing" (98% TPM vs. 91% NPM; p < 0.05). TPMs showed an advantage in increasing knowledge and enhancing accuracy of perceived risk. Both are critical components of informed decision making.

title: Pre-counseling education materials for XXXX testing: does tailoring make a difference?

answer: @entity5


abstract: Pagetoid @entity3 in situ ( @entity6 ) is a rare variant of @entity2 that is characterized by an intraepithelial proliferation of large cells arranged singly or in clusters and randomly distributed. These @entity1 deserve recognition and attention, chiefly because they may be overlooked or misdiagnosed as @entity4 , then causing unsuspected @entity1 recurrence after surgery. We report on the clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical findings of 11 (14.86%) cases of pagetoid @entity6 in a retrospective study of 74 cases of @entity3 in situ. Most @entity0 were male ( n=10). Their ages ranged from 31 years to 78 years. The lesion can be present with primary ( n=2) or secondary ( n=9) @entity6 . Pagetoid @entity6 is usually a focal lesion occurring in a clinical and histological setting of conventional @entity6 , and these @entity0 essentially have the same progression and survival rates as @entity0 without pagetoid changes and are treated in the same way. In cases with extensive urothelial denudation, pagetoid @entity6 may be focally present in otherwise normal-looking urothelium, thus alerting the pathologist to search for additional @entity6 elsewhere in the bladder. Given that primary extramammary Paget disease of the external genitalia and of the anal canal may extend to the bladder and, conversely, some bladder cases of pagetoid @entity6 may extend to the urethra, ureter, and beyond to the external genitalia, the differential diagnoses between these two entities represent an important therapeutic consideration. Our data suggest that a panel of immunostains including @entity7 +/ @entity5 +/TM+ may assist in differentiating urothelial pagetoid @entity6 from extramammary Paget disease which is known to be @entity7 +/ @entity5 -.

title: The pagetoid variant of bladder XXXX in situ A clinicopathological study of 11 cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A case of plasmacytoma of the @entity2 is reported with massive @entity5 , which, most unusually, lacked @entity3 , thereby making it difficult to distinguish from @entity1 . The @entity0 and @entity2 contained large mononuclear @entity1 -like cells with distinct nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry revealed neither @entity1 markers nor clonal cytoplasmic nor cell surface immunoglobulins. @entity0 cells were stained with vimentin and the plasma cell markers, VS38c, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity7 antibodies. Bone marrow contained small amounts of @entity0 consisting of similar cells. Electron microscopy showed well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and peripherally positioned nuclei with euchromatin. Flow cytometry of bone marrow revealed a minimal involvement of @entity4 -positive cells. Chromosomal analysis of marrow cells revealed a complex abnormal karyotype. A polymerase chain reaction demonstrated clonal re-arrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene. The overall results indicate a clonal expansion of @entity0 cells with primitive plasma cell differentiation with the highly unusual feature of absent monotypic immunoglobulin. The study illustrates the need for a comprehensive array of techniques to distinguish such rare non-synthesizing and non-secretory plasmacytomas from @entity1 .

title: Anaplastic plasmacytoma with XXXX lacking evidence of @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A case of plasmacytoma of the @entity2 is reported with massive @entity5 , which, most unusually, lacked @entity3 , thereby making it difficult to distinguish from @entity1 . The @entity0 and @entity2 contained large mononuclear @entity1 -like cells with distinct nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry revealed neither @entity1 markers nor clonal cytoplasmic nor cell surface immunoglobulins. @entity0 cells were stained with vimentin and the plasma cell markers, VS38c, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity7 antibodies. Bone marrow contained small amounts of @entity0 consisting of similar cells. Electron microscopy showed well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and peripherally positioned nuclei with euchromatin. Flow cytometry of bone marrow revealed a minimal involvement of @entity4 -positive cells. Chromosomal analysis of marrow cells revealed a complex abnormal karyotype. A polymerase chain reaction demonstrated clonal re-arrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene. The overall results indicate a clonal expansion of @entity0 cells with primitive plasma cell differentiation with the highly unusual feature of absent monotypic immunoglobulin. The study illustrates the need for a comprehensive array of techniques to distinguish such rare non-synthesizing and non-secretory plasmacytomas from @entity1 .

title: Anaplastic plasmacytoma with @entity5 lacking evidence of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Perfusion-diffusion mismatch in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the non-core hypoperfused area in acute @entity3 . The mismatch has been used to predict clinical response after thrombolysis in acute @entity3 , but its role for predicting early @entity1 (END) in acute @entity3 without thrombolysis has not been clarified yet. In this study, we prospectively recruited 54 @entity0 with acute non-lacunar @entity3 in anterior circulation without thrombolysis. All @entity0 received the first perfusion MRI within 24 hours from @entity2 onset. Target mismatch profile was defined as a perfusion-diffusion mismatch ratio >=  1.2. END was defined as an increase of >=  4 points in the National Institute of Health @entity2 Scale (NIHSS) score within 72 hours. There were 13 (24.1%) @entity0 developing END, which was associated with larger @entity4 growth (p = 0.002), worse modified Rankin Scale (p = 0.001) and higher mortality rate at 3 months (p = 0.025). Target mismatch profiles measured by Tmax >=  4, 5 and 6 seconds were independent predictors for END after correcting initial NIHSS score. Among the 3 Tmax thresholds, target mismatch measured by Tmax >=  6 seconds had the highest odd's ratio in predicting END (p < 0.01, odd's ratio = 17), with an 80% sensitivity and a 79.5% specificity. In conclusion, perfusion-diffusion mismatch could identify the @entity0 at high risk of early clinical worsening in acute @entity3 without thrombolysis.

title: Perfusion-diffusion mismatch predicts early XXXX in anterior circulation @entity4 without thrombolysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Perfusion-diffusion mismatch in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the non-core hypoperfused area in acute @entity3 . The mismatch has been used to predict clinical response after thrombolysis in acute @entity3 , but its role for predicting early @entity1 (END) in acute @entity3 without thrombolysis has not been clarified yet. In this study, we prospectively recruited 54 @entity0 with acute non-lacunar @entity3 in anterior circulation without thrombolysis. All @entity0 received the first perfusion MRI within 24 hours from @entity2 onset. Target mismatch profile was defined as a perfusion-diffusion mismatch ratio >=  1.2. END was defined as an increase of >=  4 points in the National Institute of Health @entity2 Scale (NIHSS) score within 72 hours. There were 13 (24.1%) @entity0 developing END, which was associated with larger @entity4 growth (p = 0.002), worse modified Rankin Scale (p = 0.001) and higher mortality rate at 3 months (p = 0.025). Target mismatch profiles measured by Tmax >=  4, 5 and 6 seconds were independent predictors for END after correcting initial NIHSS score. Among the 3 Tmax thresholds, target mismatch measured by Tmax >=  6 seconds had the highest odd's ratio in predicting END (p < 0.01, odd's ratio = 17), with an 80% sensitivity and a 79.5% specificity. In conclusion, perfusion-diffusion mismatch could identify the @entity0 at high risk of early clinical worsening in acute @entity3 without thrombolysis.

title: Perfusion-diffusion mismatch predicts early @entity1 in anterior circulation XXXX without thrombolysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells can mount immune response as competent antigen presenting cells. Recently, it has been reported that immature dendritic cells induce prolongation of allograft survival. However, the ability of mature dendritic cells to induce operational tolerance is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we examined the ability of splenic mature dendritic cells to induce operational tolerance to fully allogeneic antigens using @entity0 heterotopic heart transplantation model. METHODS: @entity4 (H2k) @entity0 received i.v. injections with donor splenic dendritic cells or B cells in the absence or presence of monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for @entity2 or @entity3 / @entity5 2 weeks before transplantation of a C57BL/10 (H2b) heart. RESULTS: When donor dendritic cells were injected i.v. 2 weeks before transplantation, rejection response was accelerated compared with that of naive @entity0 [ @entity1 ( @entity1 ) = 7 and 8 days, respectively]. However, when @entity6 pathway was blocked by anti- @entity6 ligand mAb, i.v. injection of donor dendritic cells but not B cells induced indefinite graft survival ( @entity1 >100 and 20 days, respectively). @entity0 treated with anti- @entity6 ligand mAb alone rejected their grafts with a @entity1 of 18 days. Intravenous injection of donor dendritic cells and B cells in combination with anti- @entity3 / @entity5 mAbs was less effective to induce graft prolongation ( @entity1 = 9.5 and 13 days, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, under blockade of @entity6 pathway, mature dendritic cells were tolerogens in vivo independent of @entity3 /86 pathways.

title: Operational tolerance induced by pretreatment with donor dendritic cells under blockade of XXXX pathway.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the outcomes of more than 100 cycles of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for @entity2 . DESIGN:                 <AbstractText Label="CASE SERIES" NlmCategory="METHODS"/>                <AbstractText Label="SETTING" NlmCategory="METHODS">Tertiary assisted reproductive centre in Hong Kong, where @entity0 needed to pay for the cost of preimplantation genetic diagnosis on the top of standard in-vitro fertilisation charges. @entity0 : @entity0 undergoing preimplantation genetic diagnosis for @entity2 at the Centre of Assisted Reproduction and Embryology, Queen Mary Hospital-The University of Hong Kong between 1 August 2007 and 30 April 2014 were included. INTERVENTIONS: In-vitro fertilisation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, embryo biopsy, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ongoing pregnancy rate and implantation rate. RESULTS: Overall, 124 cycles of preimplantation genetic diagnosis were initiated in 76 @entity0 , 101 cycles proceeded to preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and 92 cycles had embryo transfer. The ongoing pregnancy rate was 28.2% per initiated cycle and 38.0% per embryo transfer, giving an implantation rate of 35.2%. There were 16 frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles in which, following preimplantation genetic diagnosis, cryopreserved embryos were replaced resulting in an ongoing pregnancy rate of 37.5% and implantation rate of 30.0%. The cumulative ongoing pregnancy rate was 33.1%. The most frequent indication for preimplantation genetic diagnosis was thalassaemia, followed by @entity4 and @entity1 predisposition. There was no misdiagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is a reliable method to prevent couples conceiving fetuses severely affected by known @entity3 , with ongoing pregnancy and implantation rates similar to those for in-vitro fertilisation for routine @entity5 treatment.

title: Experience of more than 100 preimplantation genetic diagnosis cycles for XXXX using whole genome amplification and linkage analysis in a single centre.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of the study was to compare conventional @entity4 / @entity3 / @entity7 / @entity2 (CHOP) chemotherapy with CHOP (3 courses) plus @entity10 / @entity6 /high-dose @entity9 / @entity5 (ESHAP), high-dose therapy (HDT), and autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (PBPCT) as front-line treatment for poor-prognosis aggressive @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Between May 1, 1995, and April 30, 1998, 58 @entity0 , aged 15-55 years, newly diagnosed with poor-prognosis aggressive @entity8 (category F-H by the Working Formulation) were enrolled. According to the age-adjusted international prognostic index, 65% of the @entity0 were high-risk cases and 35% made up the high-intermediate group. After 3 courses of CHOP, 25 of 48 @entity0 were randomized to continue with CHOP, and 23 were randomized to receive 2-4 cycles of ESHAP followed by HDT and PBPCT. There was no significant difference in the rate of complete remission between the two groups (36%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 18%-57% in CHOP vs. 43%, 95% CI: 23%-65% in ESHAP/HDT) (P = 0.77). With a median follow-up duration of 39 months, the 4-year @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was superior in the ESHAP/HDT group (38%, 95% CI: 18%-58% vs. 15%, 95% CI: 4%-32%) (P = 0.04). The disease-free survival was marginally different in favor of the ESHAP/HDT arm (90%, 95% CI: 47%-98% vs. 37%, 95% CI: 7%-69%) (P = 0.06). The 4-year overall survival between the two treatment arms was comparable (51%, 95% CI: 28%-70% for ESHAP/HDT vs. 30%, 95% CI: 13%-48% for CHOP) (P = 0.25). Treatment-related mortalities were not significantly different between both groups (17%, 95% CI: 5%-39% for ESHAP/HDT vs. 8%, 95% CI: 1%-26% for CHOP) (P = 0.41). However, only 61% of the @entity0 assigned to the ESHAP/HDT arm underwent HDT and PBPCT. As compared with CHOP, the corporate regimen of CHOP/ESHAP/HDT seems to improve the @entity1 in @entity0 with newly diagnosed, poor-prognosis aggressive @entity8 .

title: CHOP versus CHOP plus ESHAP and high-dose therapy with autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation for high-intermediate-risk and high-risk aggressive XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity7 ) is a newly identified @entity1 @entity2 factor superfamily member involved in the regulation of immune responses by control of activation, maturation, and survival of immune effector cells. Despite the immunological relevance of the @entity6 protein, little knowledge is available as to how light gene expression is regulated. In T-lymphocytes, most @entity6 surface expression and transcript accumulation occurs after T cell activation. In this study, we have shown that these events are blocked at the transcriptional level by @entity4 , an immuno-suppressive drug. Besides, we identified a role for @entity3 -signaling pathways and NFAT transcription factors in T cell activation-induced @entity6 expression. To further investigate this process, we have identified, cloned, and characterized a 2.1-kilobase 5'-flanking DNA genomic fragment from the @entity0 light gene. We have shown the transcriptional activity of the herein-identified minimal 5' regulatory region of @entity0 light gene parallels the endogenous expression of light in T cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that induced @entity6 promoter activity can be equally blocked by @entity4 treatment or dominant negative NFAT overexpression and further identified by site-directed mutagenesis and electrophoretic mobility supershift analysis of a NFAT transcription factor binding site within the @entity0 light minimal promoter. Finally, @entity5 and @entity8 binding sites were identified and shown to regulate light basal promoter activity. Thus, the present study establishes a molecular basis to further understand the mechanisms governing @entity0 light gene expression and, consequently, could potentially lead to novel therapeutic manipulations that control the signaling cascade, resulting in @entity6 production in conditions characterized by immunopathologic activation of T cells.

title: Mechanisms regulating expression of the @entity1 XXXX factor-related light gene. Role of calcium-signaling pathway in the transcriptional control.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity7 ) is a newly identified @entity1 @entity2 factor superfamily member involved in the regulation of immune responses by control of activation, maturation, and survival of immune effector cells. Despite the immunological relevance of the @entity6 protein, little knowledge is available as to how light gene expression is regulated. In T-lymphocytes, most @entity6 surface expression and transcript accumulation occurs after T cell activation. In this study, we have shown that these events are blocked at the transcriptional level by @entity4 , an immuno-suppressive drug. Besides, we identified a role for @entity3 -signaling pathways and NFAT transcription factors in T cell activation-induced @entity6 expression. To further investigate this process, we have identified, cloned, and characterized a 2.1-kilobase 5'-flanking DNA genomic fragment from the @entity0 light gene. We have shown the transcriptional activity of the herein-identified minimal 5' regulatory region of @entity0 light gene parallels the endogenous expression of light in T cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that induced @entity6 promoter activity can be equally blocked by @entity4 treatment or dominant negative NFAT overexpression and further identified by site-directed mutagenesis and electrophoretic mobility supershift analysis of a NFAT transcription factor binding site within the @entity0 light minimal promoter. Finally, @entity5 and @entity8 binding sites were identified and shown to regulate light basal promoter activity. Thus, the present study establishes a molecular basis to further understand the mechanisms governing @entity0 light gene expression and, consequently, could potentially lead to novel therapeutic manipulations that control the signaling cascade, resulting in @entity6 production in conditions characterized by immunopathologic activation of T cells.

title: Mechanisms regulating expression of the XXXX @entity2 factor-related light gene. Role of calcium-signaling pathway in the transcriptional control.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze the treatment results and prognostic factors of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) arising from the major and minor salivary glands of the @entity3 , and who received postoperative radiotherapy after radical @entity2 resection. METHODS: Between October 1987 and December 1999, 25 @entity0 with @entity4 of the @entity3 were treated with radical surgical resection and postoperative adjuvant irradiation without chemotherapy. Using appropriate radiation techniques to the @entity2 bed, total doses ranged from 44 to 68.4 Gy. All @entity0 had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate, local control rate, and distant @entity1 -free rate were 75%, 83%, and 66%, respectively. To the present, 2 @entity0 had experienced recurrence at the primary sites, and 1 had regional lymph node @entity1 . Distant metastases developed in 7 @entity0 (28%), of whom 6 (86%) were disease-free at the primary site. The lung was the most common distant metastatic site. In multivariate analysis, the only statistically significant prognostic factor for a distant @entity1 -free rate was the stage at presentation (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with an advanced stage of disease had higher distant @entity1 rates even when receiving postoperative radiotherapy. Distant @entity1 is still the main problem in the management of @entity4 of the @entity3 . However, more-effective treatment for this problem is still lacking.

title: Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for @entity4 of the XXXX : treatment results and prognostic factors.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze the treatment results and prognostic factors of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) arising from the major and minor salivary glands of the @entity3 , and who received postoperative radiotherapy after radical @entity2 resection. METHODS: Between October 1987 and December 1999, 25 @entity0 with @entity4 of the @entity3 were treated with radical surgical resection and postoperative adjuvant irradiation without chemotherapy. Using appropriate radiation techniques to the @entity2 bed, total doses ranged from 44 to 68.4 Gy. All @entity0 had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate, local control rate, and distant @entity1 -free rate were 75%, 83%, and 66%, respectively. To the present, 2 @entity0 had experienced recurrence at the primary sites, and 1 had regional lymph node @entity1 . Distant metastases developed in 7 @entity0 (28%), of whom 6 (86%) were disease-free at the primary site. The lung was the most common distant metastatic site. In multivariate analysis, the only statistically significant prognostic factor for a distant @entity1 -free rate was the stage at presentation (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with an advanced stage of disease had higher distant @entity1 rates even when receiving postoperative radiotherapy. Distant @entity1 is still the main problem in the management of @entity4 of the @entity3 . However, more-effective treatment for this problem is still lacking.

title: Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for XXXX of the @entity3 : treatment results and prognostic factors.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical results of treatments for hepatic @entity1 of primary @entity3 for an evaluation of treatment strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-five @entity0 with only hepatic @entity1 of primary @entity3 ( @entity2 , 164 @entity0 : @entity2 , 61 @entity0 ) between 1983 and 1999 were studied. Of these 225 @entity0 , 68 @entity0 ( @entity2 , 39 @entity0 : @entity2 , 29 @entity0 ) were treated with curative resection. These 225 @entity0 were categorized into group A (chemotherapy only), group B (hepatic arterial infusion only), group C (curative resection + hepatic arterial infusion), and group D (curative resection only). The therapeutic results were compared. RESULTS: The five-year survival rate and five-year recurrence-free rate of 68 @entity0 with curative resection were 40.6% and 31.0%. By therapeutic modality, the five-year survival rate and five-year recurrence-free rate of the 36 @entity0 of group C were 40.7% and 29.5%, and those of the 32 @entity0 of group D were 43.4% and 33.0%, respectively. No significant difference was found between these two groups. However, in the @entity0 with @entity2 , the five-year survival rate and five-year recurrence-free rate of group C and group D were 65.7, 49.6% and 13.8, 15.9%, respectively. The results of group C were significantly better than those of group D. Recurrence was found in 36 @entity0 (52.2%). Among these @entity0 , 25 (36.8%) recurred within one year from the end of treatment(s). Twenty-one @entity0 (32.4) had the recurrence in the residual liver, and 14 (17.6%) had @entity1 to the lung. In group B, in which curative resection was impossible, the one-year and two-year survival rates in the @entity0 with @entity2 were good in comparison with those of group A. Herein we report two cases in which hepatic arterial infusion was effective. CONCLUSION: It is important to set aggressive resection and hepatic infusion as a fundamental treatment policy, and to perform not only hepatic infusion but to combine other treatments with consideration of the next recurrence.

title: [Therapeutic strategy for hepatic @entity1 of primary XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical results of treatments for hepatic @entity1 of primary @entity3 for an evaluation of treatment strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-five @entity0 with only hepatic @entity1 of primary @entity3 ( @entity2 , 164 @entity0 : @entity2 , 61 @entity0 ) between 1983 and 1999 were studied. Of these 225 @entity0 , 68 @entity0 ( @entity2 , 39 @entity0 : @entity2 , 29 @entity0 ) were treated with curative resection. These 225 @entity0 were categorized into group A (chemotherapy only), group B (hepatic arterial infusion only), group C (curative resection + hepatic arterial infusion), and group D (curative resection only). The therapeutic results were compared. RESULTS: The five-year survival rate and five-year recurrence-free rate of 68 @entity0 with curative resection were 40.6% and 31.0%. By therapeutic modality, the five-year survival rate and five-year recurrence-free rate of the 36 @entity0 of group C were 40.7% and 29.5%, and those of the 32 @entity0 of group D were 43.4% and 33.0%, respectively. No significant difference was found between these two groups. However, in the @entity0 with @entity2 , the five-year survival rate and five-year recurrence-free rate of group C and group D were 65.7, 49.6% and 13.8, 15.9%, respectively. The results of group C were significantly better than those of group D. Recurrence was found in 36 @entity0 (52.2%). Among these @entity0 , 25 (36.8%) recurred within one year from the end of treatment(s). Twenty-one @entity0 (32.4) had the recurrence in the residual liver, and 14 (17.6%) had @entity1 to the lung. In group B, in which curative resection was impossible, the one-year and two-year survival rates in the @entity0 with @entity2 were good in comparison with those of group A. Herein we report two cases in which hepatic arterial infusion was effective. CONCLUSION: It is important to set aggressive resection and hepatic infusion as a fundamental treatment policy, and to perform not only hepatic infusion but to combine other treatments with consideration of the next recurrence.

title: [Therapeutic strategy for hepatic XXXX of primary @entity3 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Tissue factor (TF; an @entity10 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ; a marker of angiogenesis) are involved in the @entity3 state associated with @entity1 . We investigated their roles in chronic @entity8 ( @entity8 ), a condition also associated with increased risk of @entity4 and @entity9 , as well as a prothrombotic or @entity3 state. METHODS: We studied 25 @entity0 with @entity8 (20 @entity0 ; mean+/-SD age, 62+/-13 years) who were compared with 2 control groups in sinus rhythm: 30 healthy control subjects (17 @entity0 ; mean age, 60+/-9 years) and 35 @entity0 control subjects with @entity5 ( @entity5 ; 27 @entity0 ; mean age, 60+/-12 years). Plasma levels of TF, @entity2 , and the @entity2 receptor sFlt-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: @entity2 , sFlt-1, and TF were significantly different between the 3 groups, with abnormal levels in @entity8 and @entity5 @entity0 compared with control subjects (P<0.001, P=0.022, and P=0.008, respectively). Among the @entity8 @entity0 , TF levels were significantly correlated with @entity2 (Spearman's r=0.65, P<0.001) and sFlt (r=0.54, P=0.006) levels. Only TF and @entity2 levels were significantly correlated in @entity5 @entity0 (r=0.39, P=0.02). There were no significant correlations among the healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with chronic @entity8 have high TF levels, in keeping with the prothrombotic state associated with this @entity7 . The relationships between TF and @entity2 and its receptor sFlt-1 in @entity8 suggest a possible role for @entity2 in the @entity3 state found in @entity8 , as seen in @entity1 and @entity6 .

title: Is the @entity3 state in @entity8 mediated by XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Tissue factor (TF; an @entity10 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ; a marker of angiogenesis) are involved in the @entity3 state associated with @entity1 . We investigated their roles in chronic @entity8 ( @entity8 ), a condition also associated with increased risk of @entity4 and @entity9 , as well as a prothrombotic or @entity3 state. METHODS: We studied 25 @entity0 with @entity8 (20 @entity0 ; mean+/-SD age, 62+/-13 years) who were compared with 2 control groups in sinus rhythm: 30 healthy control subjects (17 @entity0 ; mean age, 60+/-9 years) and 35 @entity0 control subjects with @entity5 ( @entity5 ; 27 @entity0 ; mean age, 60+/-12 years). Plasma levels of TF, @entity2 , and the @entity2 receptor sFlt-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: @entity2 , sFlt-1, and TF were significantly different between the 3 groups, with abnormal levels in @entity8 and @entity5 @entity0 compared with control subjects (P<0.001, P=0.022, and P=0.008, respectively). Among the @entity8 @entity0 , TF levels were significantly correlated with @entity2 (Spearman's r=0.65, P<0.001) and sFlt (r=0.54, P=0.006) levels. Only TF and @entity2 levels were significantly correlated in @entity5 @entity0 (r=0.39, P=0.02). There were no significant correlations among the healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with chronic @entity8 have high TF levels, in keeping with the prothrombotic state associated with this @entity7 . The relationships between TF and @entity2 and its receptor sFlt-1 in @entity8 suggest a possible role for @entity2 in the @entity3 state found in @entity8 , as seen in @entity1 and @entity6 .

title: Is the XXXX state in @entity8 mediated by @entity2 ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Tissue factor (TF; an @entity10 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ; a marker of angiogenesis) are involved in the @entity3 state associated with @entity1 . We investigated their roles in chronic @entity8 ( @entity8 ), a condition also associated with increased risk of @entity4 and @entity9 , as well as a prothrombotic or @entity3 state. METHODS: We studied 25 @entity0 with @entity8 (20 @entity0 ; mean+/-SD age, 62+/-13 years) who were compared with 2 control groups in sinus rhythm: 30 healthy control subjects (17 @entity0 ; mean age, 60+/-9 years) and 35 @entity0 control subjects with @entity5 ( @entity5 ; 27 @entity0 ; mean age, 60+/-12 years). Plasma levels of TF, @entity2 , and the @entity2 receptor sFlt-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: @entity2 , sFlt-1, and TF were significantly different between the 3 groups, with abnormal levels in @entity8 and @entity5 @entity0 compared with control subjects (P<0.001, P=0.022, and P=0.008, respectively). Among the @entity8 @entity0 , TF levels were significantly correlated with @entity2 (Spearman's r=0.65, P<0.001) and sFlt (r=0.54, P=0.006) levels. Only TF and @entity2 levels were significantly correlated in @entity5 @entity0 (r=0.39, P=0.02). There were no significant correlations among the healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with chronic @entity8 have high TF levels, in keeping with the prothrombotic state associated with this @entity7 . The relationships between TF and @entity2 and its receptor sFlt-1 in @entity8 suggest a possible role for @entity2 in the @entity3 state found in @entity8 , as seen in @entity1 and @entity6 .

title: Is the @entity3 state in XXXX mediated by @entity2 ?

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The modified Rankin Scale is widely used to assess changes in activity and lifestyle after @entity1 , but it has been criticized for its subjectivity. The purpose of the present study was to compare conventional assessment on the modified Rankin Scale with assessment through a structured interview. METHODS: Sixty-three @entity0 with @entity1 6 to 24 months previously were interviewed and graded independently on the modified Rankin Scale by 2 observers. These observers then underwent training in use of a structured interview for the scale that covered 5 areas of everyday function. Eight weeks after the first assessment, the same observers reassessed 58 of these @entity0 using the structured interview. RESULTS: Interrater reliability was measured with the kappa statistic (weighted with quadratic weights). For the scale applied conventionally, overall agreement between the 2 raters was 57% (kappa(w)=0.78); 1 rater assigned significantly lower grades than the other (P=0.048). On the structured interview, the overall agreement between raters was 78% (kappa(w)=0.93), and there was no overall difference between raters in grades assigned (P=0.17). Rankin grades from the conventional assessment and the structured interview were highly correlated, but there was significantly less disagreement between raters when the structured interview was used (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Variability and bias between raters in assigning @entity0 to Rankin grades may be reduced by use of a structured interview. Use of a structured interview for the scale could potentially improve the quality of results from clinical studies in @entity1 .

title: Improving the assessment of outcomes in XXXX : use of a structured interview to assign grades on the modified Rankin Scale.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Naturally mated female New Zealand White (NZW) @entity0 (24/group) received @entity8 (35, 70, or 140 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (1 ml/kg deionized/distilled water) by gavage on gestational days (GD) 6 through 29. The study was conducted using a 2-replicate design. @entity7 (absolute and relative), body weight, and clinical signs were monitored at regular intervals throughout gestation. One and four maternal @entity2 occurred at the low and high doses, respectively. Abortions or early deliveries were noted in 0, 2, 2, and 8 females in the 0, 35, 70, and 140-mg/kg/day dose groups, respectively. Other clinical signs associated with @entity8 exposure were minimal: primarily reduced or absent fecal output at the high dose (2-13 animals/day). Also at the high dose, maternal body weight was significantly depressed on GD 21, 24, and 27 (87-90% of the control value); maternal body weight gain was significantly reduced for GD 12 to 15, 18 to 21, and 21 to 24 (treated animals gained less than 1 g, or lost up to 100 g). In addition, maternal body weight gain was reduced at the middle dose for GD 18 to 21. @entity6 , corrected for gravid uterine weight, was unaffected. Relative maternal food consumption in the high-dose group was 34-59% of control intake from GD 12 through GD 24, but was comparable to controls thereafter. At termination (GD 30), confirmed-pregnant females (9-20 per group) were evaluated for clinical status, liver weights, and gestational outcome; live fetuses were examined for external, @entity4 and variations. @entity3 (absolute or relative to body weight) was unaffected by treatment, but gravid uterine weight at the high dose was 71% of the control value. A significantly increasing trend was noted for the percent non-live implants per litter. In addition, although not statistically significant from the control group, the values for the percent late fetal @entity2 per litter and percent non-live implants per litter in the 140-mg/kg/day group were higher than maximum historical values, suggesting an increase in late gestational @entity2 in the surviving high-dose animals. @entity8 decreased the mean number of live fetuses per litter at the high dose to 66% of the control value. Mean fetal body weight per litter for males and the sexes combined was significantly decreased at the high dose; mean female fetal body weight was also decreased, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no effect of treatment on the incidence of @entity5 or variations in animals surviving to scheduled necropsy. In summary, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for maternal @entity1 was 70 mg/kg/day and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) was 140 mg/kg/day under the conditions of this study. Similarly, the NOAEL for developmental @entity1 was 70 mg/kg/day and the LOAEL was 140 mg/kg/day.

title: Evaluation of the developmental @entity1 of XXXX in New Zealand white @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Naturally mated female New Zealand White (NZW) @entity0 (24/group) received @entity8 (35, 70, or 140 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (1 ml/kg deionized/distilled water) by gavage on gestational days (GD) 6 through 29. The study was conducted using a 2-replicate design. @entity7 (absolute and relative), body weight, and clinical signs were monitored at regular intervals throughout gestation. One and four maternal @entity2 occurred at the low and high doses, respectively. Abortions or early deliveries were noted in 0, 2, 2, and 8 females in the 0, 35, 70, and 140-mg/kg/day dose groups, respectively. Other clinical signs associated with @entity8 exposure were minimal: primarily reduced or absent fecal output at the high dose (2-13 animals/day). Also at the high dose, maternal body weight was significantly depressed on GD 21, 24, and 27 (87-90% of the control value); maternal body weight gain was significantly reduced for GD 12 to 15, 18 to 21, and 21 to 24 (treated animals gained less than 1 g, or lost up to 100 g). In addition, maternal body weight gain was reduced at the middle dose for GD 18 to 21. @entity6 , corrected for gravid uterine weight, was unaffected. Relative maternal food consumption in the high-dose group was 34-59% of control intake from GD 12 through GD 24, but was comparable to controls thereafter. At termination (GD 30), confirmed-pregnant females (9-20 per group) were evaluated for clinical status, liver weights, and gestational outcome; live fetuses were examined for external, @entity4 and variations. @entity3 (absolute or relative to body weight) was unaffected by treatment, but gravid uterine weight at the high dose was 71% of the control value. A significantly increasing trend was noted for the percent non-live implants per litter. In addition, although not statistically significant from the control group, the values for the percent late fetal @entity2 per litter and percent non-live implants per litter in the 140-mg/kg/day group were higher than maximum historical values, suggesting an increase in late gestational @entity2 in the surviving high-dose animals. @entity8 decreased the mean number of live fetuses per litter at the high dose to 66% of the control value. Mean fetal body weight per litter for males and the sexes combined was significantly decreased at the high dose; mean female fetal body weight was also decreased, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no effect of treatment on the incidence of @entity5 or variations in animals surviving to scheduled necropsy. In summary, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for maternal @entity1 was 70 mg/kg/day and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) was 140 mg/kg/day under the conditions of this study. Similarly, the NOAEL for developmental @entity1 was 70 mg/kg/day and the LOAEL was 140 mg/kg/day.

title: Evaluation of the developmental XXXX of @entity8 in New Zealand white @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Naturally mated female New Zealand White (NZW) @entity0 (24/group) received @entity8 (35, 70, or 140 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (1 ml/kg deionized/distilled water) by gavage on gestational days (GD) 6 through 29. The study was conducted using a 2-replicate design. @entity7 (absolute and relative), body weight, and clinical signs were monitored at regular intervals throughout gestation. One and four maternal @entity2 occurred at the low and high doses, respectively. Abortions or early deliveries were noted in 0, 2, 2, and 8 females in the 0, 35, 70, and 140-mg/kg/day dose groups, respectively. Other clinical signs associated with @entity8 exposure were minimal: primarily reduced or absent fecal output at the high dose (2-13 animals/day). Also at the high dose, maternal body weight was significantly depressed on GD 21, 24, and 27 (87-90% of the control value); maternal body weight gain was significantly reduced for GD 12 to 15, 18 to 21, and 21 to 24 (treated animals gained less than 1 g, or lost up to 100 g). In addition, maternal body weight gain was reduced at the middle dose for GD 18 to 21. @entity6 , corrected for gravid uterine weight, was unaffected. Relative maternal food consumption in the high-dose group was 34-59% of control intake from GD 12 through GD 24, but was comparable to controls thereafter. At termination (GD 30), confirmed-pregnant females (9-20 per group) were evaluated for clinical status, liver weights, and gestational outcome; live fetuses were examined for external, @entity4 and variations. @entity3 (absolute or relative to body weight) was unaffected by treatment, but gravid uterine weight at the high dose was 71% of the control value. A significantly increasing trend was noted for the percent non-live implants per litter. In addition, although not statistically significant from the control group, the values for the percent late fetal @entity2 per litter and percent non-live implants per litter in the 140-mg/kg/day group were higher than maximum historical values, suggesting an increase in late gestational @entity2 in the surviving high-dose animals. @entity8 decreased the mean number of live fetuses per litter at the high dose to 66% of the control value. Mean fetal body weight per litter for males and the sexes combined was significantly decreased at the high dose; mean female fetal body weight was also decreased, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no effect of treatment on the incidence of @entity5 or variations in animals surviving to scheduled necropsy. In summary, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for maternal @entity1 was 70 mg/kg/day and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) was 140 mg/kg/day under the conditions of this study. Similarly, the NOAEL for developmental @entity1 was 70 mg/kg/day and the LOAEL was 140 mg/kg/day.

title: Evaluation of the developmental @entity1 of @entity8 in New Zealand white XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with life dissatisfaction in symptomatic @entity0 (n = 144) with @entity4 subsequently diagnosed as @entity2 ( @entity2 ) by coronary angiography. Life dissatisfaction was assessed with a four-item life satisfaction scale (LS), @entity3 with the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and other @entity1 symptoms with the symptom check list (SCL). DSM-III-R @entity6 I and @entity6 II @entity1 diagnoses were performed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview. All assessments took place one day before angiography. Twenty-four per cent of @entity2 @entity0 were dissatisfied with their lives. Life dissatisfaction was associated with being unmarried. Dissatisfied @entity0 had @entity1 and @entity5 more frequently than others. Psychiatric and @entity3 according to the SCL and BDI, respectively, were also higher among dissatisfied @entity0 . In multiple logistic regression analyses, @entity1 were related to life dissatisfaction when age, sex, employment status, New York Heart Association class, duration of @entity4 and work load were controlled in the model. Married subjects had a lower probability of being dissatisfied with their lives than other subjects (Odds Ratio, OR: 0.23). When BDI scores were included in the model, the only factor independently associated with life dissatisfaction was the severity of @entity3 (OR: 1.81). To conclude, life dissatisfaction is not primarily determined by the severity of @entity2 but by the existence of @entity3 .

title: Life satisfaction in @entity0 with @entity4 subsequently diagnosed as @entity2 --connection through XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with life dissatisfaction in symptomatic @entity0 (n = 144) with @entity4 subsequently diagnosed as @entity2 ( @entity2 ) by coronary angiography. Life dissatisfaction was assessed with a four-item life satisfaction scale (LS), @entity3 with the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and other @entity1 symptoms with the symptom check list (SCL). DSM-III-R @entity6 I and @entity6 II @entity1 diagnoses were performed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview. All assessments took place one day before angiography. Twenty-four per cent of @entity2 @entity0 were dissatisfied with their lives. Life dissatisfaction was associated with being unmarried. Dissatisfied @entity0 had @entity1 and @entity5 more frequently than others. Psychiatric and @entity3 according to the SCL and BDI, respectively, were also higher among dissatisfied @entity0 . In multiple logistic regression analyses, @entity1 were related to life dissatisfaction when age, sex, employment status, New York Heart Association class, duration of @entity4 and work load were controlled in the model. Married subjects had a lower probability of being dissatisfied with their lives than other subjects (Odds Ratio, OR: 0.23). When BDI scores were included in the model, the only factor independently associated with life dissatisfaction was the severity of @entity3 (OR: 1.81). To conclude, life dissatisfaction is not primarily determined by the severity of @entity2 but by the existence of @entity3 .

title: Life satisfaction in @entity0 with @entity4 subsequently diagnosed as XXXX --connection through @entity3 ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with life dissatisfaction in symptomatic @entity0 (n = 144) with @entity4 subsequently diagnosed as @entity2 ( @entity2 ) by coronary angiography. Life dissatisfaction was assessed with a four-item life satisfaction scale (LS), @entity3 with the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and other @entity1 symptoms with the symptom check list (SCL). DSM-III-R @entity6 I and @entity6 II @entity1 diagnoses were performed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview. All assessments took place one day before angiography. Twenty-four per cent of @entity2 @entity0 were dissatisfied with their lives. Life dissatisfaction was associated with being unmarried. Dissatisfied @entity0 had @entity1 and @entity5 more frequently than others. Psychiatric and @entity3 according to the SCL and BDI, respectively, were also higher among dissatisfied @entity0 . In multiple logistic regression analyses, @entity1 were related to life dissatisfaction when age, sex, employment status, New York Heart Association class, duration of @entity4 and work load were controlled in the model. Married subjects had a lower probability of being dissatisfied with their lives than other subjects (Odds Ratio, OR: 0.23). When BDI scores were included in the model, the only factor independently associated with life dissatisfaction was the severity of @entity3 (OR: 1.81). To conclude, life dissatisfaction is not primarily determined by the severity of @entity2 but by the existence of @entity3 .

title: Life satisfaction in @entity0 with XXXX subsequently diagnosed as @entity2 --connection through @entity3 ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with life dissatisfaction in symptomatic @entity0 (n = 144) with @entity4 subsequently diagnosed as @entity2 ( @entity2 ) by coronary angiography. Life dissatisfaction was assessed with a four-item life satisfaction scale (LS), @entity3 with the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and other @entity1 symptoms with the symptom check list (SCL). DSM-III-R @entity6 I and @entity6 II @entity1 diagnoses were performed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview. All assessments took place one day before angiography. Twenty-four per cent of @entity2 @entity0 were dissatisfied with their lives. Life dissatisfaction was associated with being unmarried. Dissatisfied @entity0 had @entity1 and @entity5 more frequently than others. Psychiatric and @entity3 according to the SCL and BDI, respectively, were also higher among dissatisfied @entity0 . In multiple logistic regression analyses, @entity1 were related to life dissatisfaction when age, sex, employment status, New York Heart Association class, duration of @entity4 and work load were controlled in the model. Married subjects had a lower probability of being dissatisfied with their lives than other subjects (Odds Ratio, OR: 0.23). When BDI scores were included in the model, the only factor independently associated with life dissatisfaction was the severity of @entity3 (OR: 1.81). To conclude, life dissatisfaction is not primarily determined by the severity of @entity2 but by the existence of @entity3 .

title: Life satisfaction in XXXX with @entity4 subsequently diagnosed as @entity2 --connection through @entity3 ?

answer: @entity0