abstract: PURPOSE: Conservative breast surgery (CBS) is viewed as a surgical technique able to improve the psychophysical outcome of @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity0 ( @entity0 ). CBS has clearly improved the impact of local treatment on postoperative body image adjustment, but the effect on @entity1 ' quality of life (QL) is similar to that observed after mastectomy. This insufficient adjustment may be related to the fact that sensorial alterations, mainly @entity3 , may produce negative effects on @entity1 ' QL. This retrospective study, based on self-completed questionnaires, reports the @entity1 ' descriptions of @entity3 and its relationships with QL adjustment after quadrantectomy and radiotherapy for @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We mailed a questionnaire to a consecutive series of 481 @entity1 treated with CBS and radiotherapy from March 1995 to March 1998. The questionnaire, listing 129 items, comprised: (1) a @entity3 assessment module with the short form of the McGill @entity3 Questionnaire exploring the characteristics and the description of the @entity3 ; (2) a QL questionnaire including four subscales (physical well-being, psychological well-being, physical autonomy, and relationships). RESULTS: Three hundred and forty-eight @entity1 (72%) completed the questionnaire, but 24 were excluded from the analysis due to absence of axillary dissection. One hundred and forty-one @entity1 reported @entity3 as a consequence of treatment. It generally started within 3 months after the completion of therapy, was localized in the axillary region and was intermittent. The @entity3 was mainly described as aching (59%), tender (51%) and cramping (43%). Compared to the @entity1 who did not experience @entity3 , those who suffered from @entity3 had significantly worse scores in physical (p < 0.0001), psychological (p < 0.0001), autonomy (p < 0.05), and relational subscales (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the hypothesis that @entity3 is a frequent sequela of CBS and radiotherapy, and that such symptoms can cause @entity2 , thus limiting @entity1 adaptation and reducing the beneficial effect of CBS on body image.

title: XXXX after quadrantectomy and radiotherapy for @entity0 : incidence, characteristics and influence on quality of life. Results from a retrospective study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The cell-to-medium distribution ratios at steady state of @entity2 ( @entity5 ) and of the lipid-soluble cation @entity6 (RTPP) were studied as a function of the membrane potential (Em) in adult @entity0 fibroblasts. The relationship between @entity5 and Em was qualitatively similar to that of RTPP and Em. Quantitatively, @entity5 and RTPP differed in that 1) RTPP was much greater than @entity5 when Em was near zero, indicating a significant binding component in the uptake of @entity3 + but not of @entity2 , and 2) after a correction for binding when Em is near zero, RTPP was still greater than @entity5 so that RT/F . ln RTPP exceeded RT/F . ln @entity5 by 10-25 mV. The pattern of the redistribution of accumulated @entity3 + and @entity1 after an alteration of Em was identical. In null-point experiments, the external [K+] for which there were no changes in cellular @entity3 + or @entity2 in the presence of high @entity4 (the null points) were very similar for the two probes. Em calculated from the null-point measurements (-70(-)-80 mV) was also very similar to RT/F . ln @entity5 and thus smaller than RT/F.ln RTPP. It was concluded that 1) there was an additional @entity3 + binding as cellular [ @entity3 ] rose in response to more negative membrane potentials, 2) the transport system for @entity2 in these cells (system y+) operates as a facilitated diffusion system driven by the membrane potential, and 3) in some circumstances, @entity2 could be employed as a probe of Em.

title: Dependence of XXXX accumulation on membrane potential in cultured @entity0 fibroblasts.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The cell-to-medium distribution ratios at steady state of @entity2 ( @entity5 ) and of the lipid-soluble cation @entity6 (RTPP) were studied as a function of the membrane potential (Em) in adult @entity0 fibroblasts. The relationship between @entity5 and Em was qualitatively similar to that of RTPP and Em. Quantitatively, @entity5 and RTPP differed in that 1) RTPP was much greater than @entity5 when Em was near zero, indicating a significant binding component in the uptake of @entity3 + but not of @entity2 , and 2) after a correction for binding when Em is near zero, RTPP was still greater than @entity5 so that RT/F . ln RTPP exceeded RT/F . ln @entity5 by 10-25 mV. The pattern of the redistribution of accumulated @entity3 + and @entity1 after an alteration of Em was identical. In null-point experiments, the external [K+] for which there were no changes in cellular @entity3 + or @entity2 in the presence of high @entity4 (the null points) were very similar for the two probes. Em calculated from the null-point measurements (-70(-)-80 mV) was also very similar to RT/F . ln @entity5 and thus smaller than RT/F.ln RTPP. It was concluded that 1) there was an additional @entity3 + binding as cellular [ @entity3 ] rose in response to more negative membrane potentials, 2) the transport system for @entity2 in these cells (system y+) operates as a facilitated diffusion system driven by the membrane potential, and 3) in some circumstances, @entity2 could be employed as a probe of Em.

title: Dependence of @entity2 accumulation on membrane potential in cultured XXXX fibroblasts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Heterogeneity is the most important consideration in the pathophysiology of @entity10 . @entity6 present clinically with @entity4 or perforation. If they heal there is no predictable recurrence. Factors concerned with mucosal defense are relatively more important than aggressive factors such as acid and pepsin. Local @entity1 is the earliest recognizable gross lesion. The gastric mucosa is at least as vulnerable as the duodenal mucosa and probably more so. Most drug-induced @entity6 occur in the stomach. Chronic or recurrent true peptic @entity6 (penetrating the muscularis mucosae) usually present with @entity5 . Many duodenal @entity6 @entity0 report that the @entity3 occurs when the stomach is empty or is relieved by food, and follows a pattern of relatively long periods of freedom from symptoms between recurrences. Approximately 50% of @entity0 experience a recurrence within a year if anti- @entity6 medication is stopped. In most western countries recurrent duodenal @entity6 is more common than gastric @entity6 . @entity10 is also more common in @entity0 . Recent evidence indicates genetic and familial factors in duodenal @entity6 and increased acid-pepsin secretion in response to a variety of stimuli. However, it is also becoming clear that of all the abnormal functions noted, few are present in all subjects and many are clustered in subgroups. In @entity7 , defective defense mechanisms, such as @entity11 and @entity9 , seem to be more important than aggressive factors. Nevertheless, antisecretory medications accelerate the healing of such @entity6 . It remains to be seen whether @entity8 , mucus secretion, or gastric mucosal blood flow are @entity2 .

title: The pathophysiology of XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: A @entity0 who refuses to notify their relatives of potential at-risk status brings a genetics provider to face conflicting ethical principles and ill-defined legal precedent. Genetics professionals' views on the disclosure of @entity0 information to at-risk relatives have remained largely unexamined. Prior analyses have been limited to identifying factors contributing to genetics providers' self-predicted responses in hypothetical scenarios. Our group was the first to examine the clinical experience of genetic counselors with this issue [Dugan et al., 2003]. We report here results from our follow-up survey of medical geneticists who are members of either the American Society of @entity0 Genetics and/or American College of Medical Genetics in an effort to identify their experiences in warning at-risk relatives and the factors driving their decision-making processes. Over two-thirds of medical geneticists surveyed (69%, 143/206) believe they do bear responsibility to warn their @entity0 ' relatives when found to be at-risk for @entity1 . One-quarter (25%, 31/123) of medical geneticists who faced the dilemma of a @entity0 refusing to notify their at-risk relatives seriously considered disclosure to those at-risk relatives without @entity0 consent. Only four respondents proceeded to warn at-risk relatives of their status. Whereas genetic counselors cited emotional issues as playing a primary role in their decision not to warn, medical geneticists identified @entity0 confidentiality, eventual case resolution by other means, and legal liability as the major factors leading to non-disclosure in 76% of actual scenarios. Responsibilities of medical geneticists, genetic counselors, and non-genetics healthcare professionals facing this issue will need to be more clearly defined to provide optimal medical care within the bounds of acceptable practice.

title: Medical Geneticists' duty to warn at-risk relatives for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aortic @entity7 is considered a high risk embolic source, being an independent predictor for @entity1 . The incidence is higher in the elderly and in @entity0 with @entity6 . Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is an important diagnostic tool that allows its detection. OBJECTIVE: To describe characteristics of @entity0 with @entity5 and echocardiographic diagnosis of @entity9 . @entity0 AND METHODS: We analyzed the group of @entity0 with debris diagnosis in 209 TEE performed between 01/01/99 and 31/05/02, in 835 consecutive @entity1 events. The information was collected from the @entity2 Database of the Neurology Department of Policlinica Bancaria. RESULTS: TEE was accomplished in 25% of all assisted events. The mean age was 66.56 years (SD 11.22). In 30 studies (14%) @entity9 was detected. In this group of @entity0 , 26 @entity0 and 4 @entity0 , was also found: plaques grade IV 60%, left @entity4 40% and spontaneous echo contrast 20%. The most frequent risk factors were @entity3 , dislipemia and smoking, with no significative difference compared to the group without debris. 40% had a prior cerebrovascular event. They presented with clinical subtype @entity10 53%, PACI 27%, POCI 17%. 63% of @entity0 had @entity8 (53% anterior and 10% posterior). CONCLUSION: The contribution of TTE for detection of embolic sources is relevant. A high percentage of the population with echocardiographic diagnosis of @entity9 , had a @entity8 , defined radiologically and by clinical features.

title: [Aortic debris in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight @entity2 (UHMWPE) has been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in orthopedic implants. The majority of commercially available UHMWPE orthopedic components are crosslinked using e-beam or gamma radiation. The level of crosslinking is controlled with radiation dose and free radicals are eliminated through heat treatments to prevent long-term degradation associated with chain scission or oxidation mechanisms. Laboratory studies have demonstrated a substantial improvement in the wear resistance of crosslinked UHMWPE. However, a concern about the resistance to @entity0 remains in the clinical community, especially for tibial components that sustain high cyclic contact stresses. The objective of this study was to investigate both the initiation and propagation aspects of fatigue cracks in radiation crosslinked medical-grade UHMWPE. This work evaluated three levels of radiation, which induced three crosslink densities, on the @entity3 and total fatigue life behavior. Both as-received UHMWPE, as well as those that underwent an identical thermal history as the crosslinked UHMWPE were used as controls. @entity1 crack propagation specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy to elucidate fatigue @entity1 mechanisms. The results of this work indicated that a low crosslink density may optimize the fatigue resistance from both a crack initiation and propagation standpoint.

title: The effects of degree of crosslinking on the XXXX and propagation resistance of orthopedic-grade @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight @entity2 (UHMWPE) has been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in orthopedic implants. The majority of commercially available UHMWPE orthopedic components are crosslinked using e-beam or gamma radiation. The level of crosslinking is controlled with radiation dose and free radicals are eliminated through heat treatments to prevent long-term degradation associated with chain scission or oxidation mechanisms. Laboratory studies have demonstrated a substantial improvement in the wear resistance of crosslinked UHMWPE. However, a concern about the resistance to @entity0 remains in the clinical community, especially for tibial components that sustain high cyclic contact stresses. The objective of this study was to investigate both the initiation and propagation aspects of fatigue cracks in radiation crosslinked medical-grade UHMWPE. This work evaluated three levels of radiation, which induced three crosslink densities, on the @entity3 and total fatigue life behavior. Both as-received UHMWPE, as well as those that underwent an identical thermal history as the crosslinked UHMWPE were used as controls. @entity1 crack propagation specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy to elucidate fatigue @entity1 mechanisms. The results of this work indicated that a low crosslink density may optimize the fatigue resistance from both a crack initiation and propagation standpoint.

title: The effects of degree of crosslinking on the @entity3 and propagation resistance of orthopedic-grade XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Therapeutic options in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in chronic phase include allogeneic @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and treatments other than allogeneic @entity2 . The choice of therapy often depends on the mortality risk of allogeneic @entity2 . Delaying @entity2 until the disease demonstrates resistance to other strategies (e.g., @entity5 or interferon-alpha) entails the risk of the development of a sudden blastic phase, which may not permit enough time to perform a @entity2 . METHODS: The current study was performed to define the incidence and patterns of sudden-onset blastic-phase @entity4 in relation to the risk inherent in delaying allogeneic @entity2 . Of a study group of 1286 @entity0 who were referred in early chronic-phase @entity4 between 1981-2001 and who received therapies other than allogeneic @entity2 , 1093 @entity0 had regular follow-up at the study institution. A sudden onset of blastic phase was defined as having its onset within 3 months from a previously documented complete hematologic response. RESULTS: Among the 1093 @entity0 , 183 @entity0 developed blastic-phase disease, which was of sudden onset in 46 @entity0 (25%; 4% of the total). The incidence of sudden blastic phase was 0.4% in the first year, 1.8% in the second year, and 2.6% in the third year. @entity0 with @entity6 were found to have more often low-risk features at the time of presentation, including low incidences of blasts and @entity3 . @entity6 was found to be associated with a higher incidence of lymphoid blastic morphology (67% vs. 22%; P < 0.0001), which resulted in a higher response rate to blastic-phase therapy (70% vs. 29%; P < 0.0001) and significantly longer survival from the onset of blastic-phase disease (median of 12 months vs. 6 months; P < 0.01). Twenty-four of the 42 @entity0 with @entity6 who were treated at the M. D. Anderson @entity1 Center were able to undergo allogeneic @entity2 in second chronic phrase (n = 13) or transformed phase (n = 11); at the time of last follow-up, 6 @entity0 were alive without evidence of disease at a median of 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: The low rates of @entity6 in the first 3 years of the course of disease for @entity4 and the salvage rate of these @entity0 with allogeneic @entity2 should be considered in relation to the transplantation mortality in @entity0 with early chronic-phase disease and the early promising results with @entity5 therapy.

title: Sudden onset of the blastic phase of XXXX : patterns and implications.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Four @entity0 and six @entity0 with symptomatic solitary @entity2 were encountered over an 11-year period. Average age was 49 years (range, 10 months to 67 years). Most common clinical features included @entity3 , a palpable RUQ mass and early postprandial satiety. Liver function studies were uniformly normal. Ultrasound and computerized tomography CT were virtually diagnostic alone or in combination. Eight @entity0 had unilocular, simple cysts and two @entity0 had multilocular complex cysts also designated as @entity5 . Cysts recurred in four @entity0 treated surgically by needle aspiration, incision, and internal drainage or external catheter drainage. All four @entity0 required reoperation, which included @entity2 in three @entity0 and extensive unroofing in one @entity0 . No cysts have recurred in six @entity0 treated by extensive unroofing or excision of the cyst and none has required reoperation. One @entity0 who underwent @entity2 for cyst recurrence after an inadequate primary procedure was found to have an unsuspected @entity4 in the cyst wall. The conclusion is that extensive unroofing of unilocular solitary @entity2 minimizes the likelihood of cyst recurrence and obviates the need for hepatic resection. Total cyst excision is indicated for all multiloculated cysts to avoid overlooking a @entity5 or for unilocular cysts if the biopsy specimen of the cyst wall demonstrates an unsuspected @entity1 .

title: Optimizing surgical management of symptomatic solitary XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: beta-Very low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) may be a major atherogenic lipoprotein, and knowledge of the sites of its catabolism should facilitate elucidation of mechanisms important in the regulation of its plasma concentrations. In this study, catabolic sites of beta-VLDL have been delineated in normolipidemic @entity0 with a novel, radioiodinated, residualizing label, 125I- @entity2 (125I-DLT). Comparative studies of beta-VLDL and low density lipoprotein catabolism were performed with 125I-DLT conjugated to each lipoprotein and with lipoproteins @entity1 -labeled conventionally. Conjugation did not alter size distributions or charge characteristics of lipoprotein particles. The overall processing (binding and degradation) of lipoproteins by cultured @entity0 skin fibroblasts was not influenced by 125I-DLT derivatization, suggesting that attachment of the label did not influence cell receptor-lipoprotein interactions. Furthermore, although degradation products of 125I-lipoproteins leaked out of the cells and into the medium, the degradation products of 125I-DLT lipoproteins were retained by the cells. The principal catabolic site of beta-VLDL in normolipidemic @entity0 was found to be the liver with 54 +/- 4% of injected 125I retained in this organ 24 h after injection of 125I-DLT-beta-VLDL. When catabolism was normalized to tissue weight, the liver and adrenals were found to be approximately equally active in the metabolism of beta-VLDL. In agreement with results of other studies with residualizing labels, the principal organ of catabolism of 125I-DLT-LDL in vivo was the liver. The adrenals were the most highly catabolizing organ when results were normalized for tissue weight. The quantitative differences observed in the tissue distributions of injected 125I-DLT-beta-VLDL and 125I-DLT-low density lipoprotein suggested that a significant proportion of beta-VLDL is removed by tissues before conversion to low density lipoprotein.

title: Loci of catabolism of beta-very low density lipoprotein in vivo delineated with a residualizing label, 125I- XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Seven members of staff in a paediatric intensive care unit and two of their relatives developed @entity1 over a period of five days. A 13 year old @entity0 who was @entity4 prior to his @entity2 , was presumed to be the source of @entity3 . Two hundred and sixty seven other members of staff underwent serological testing and were given prophylactic pooled gamma globulin. Twenty three per cent were immune before exposure. Of @entity0 born in the United States, those at highest risk of developing the disease are physicians, dentists, nurses and those under the age of 40. Of those born outside the United States, being white and under the age of 30 are the two main risk factors. Data from a questionnaire sent to 19 nurses at risk (six cases, 13 controls) suggested that sharing food with @entity0 or their families, drinking coffee, sharing cigarettes and eating in the nurses' office in the intensive care unit were associated with an increased incidence of @entity1 . Nurses with three or four of these habits were at particular risk. The costs of screening and prophylaxis were US  64.72 per employee, while prophylaxis alone would have cost US  8.42 per employee. Assessing risk factors on the one hand and costs of prophylaxis on the other are important elements in the control of @entity5 .

title: Nosocomial XXXX in a paediatric intensive care unit.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We performed a double-blind crossover study to compare the effects of long-term treatment of inhaled @entity5 and @entity4 on @entity6 in 17 @entity0 with @entity1 . Both drugs were administered for 4 weeks with a placebo-treatment period before and after each active-treatment period. To assess @entity6 , standardized inhalation provocation tests with @entity2 and @entity3 were performed every 2 weeks. Before each inhalation provocation the drugs were withheld for at least 12 hours. Before the @entity5 treatment the FEV1 value (percent predicted) was 85.3 +/- 4.1% (mean +/- SEM). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with this drug, the value increased significantly to 89.4 +/- 4.1% and 96.2 +/- 3.8%, respectively (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.005). The @entity2 provocation concentrations causing a decrease in FEV1 of 20% (PC20) on the same days were 4.0, 7.2, and 9.5 mg/ml, respectively (both p less than 0.001). The PC20 values for @entity3 , which were measured 1 hour after the @entity2 provocation, were 11.7, 13.3, and 14.0 mg/ml (ns). The FEV1 values before and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with @entity4 were 86.2 +/- 4.0%, 84.8 +/- 4.1%, and 87.0 +/- 4.6%, respectively. The @entity2 PC20 values on the same days were 4.7, 3.1 (p less than 0.05), and 3.8 mg/ml, respectively. The @entity3 PC20 values were 14.2, 8.7, and 10.1 mg/ml (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively. We conclude that @entity5 improves @entity6 , possibly by a dampening of late @entity1 , whereas treatment with @entity4 may lead to a temporary increase of @entity6 , possibly as a result of beta-receptor desensitization.

title: Changes in @entity6 induced by 4 weeks of treatment with antiasthmatic drugs in @entity0 with @entity1 : a comparison between XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We performed a double-blind crossover study to compare the effects of long-term treatment of inhaled @entity5 and @entity4 on @entity6 in 17 @entity0 with @entity1 . Both drugs were administered for 4 weeks with a placebo-treatment period before and after each active-treatment period. To assess @entity6 , standardized inhalation provocation tests with @entity2 and @entity3 were performed every 2 weeks. Before each inhalation provocation the drugs were withheld for at least 12 hours. Before the @entity5 treatment the FEV1 value (percent predicted) was 85.3 +/- 4.1% (mean +/- SEM). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with this drug, the value increased significantly to 89.4 +/- 4.1% and 96.2 +/- 3.8%, respectively (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.005). The @entity2 provocation concentrations causing a decrease in FEV1 of 20% (PC20) on the same days were 4.0, 7.2, and 9.5 mg/ml, respectively (both p less than 0.001). The PC20 values for @entity3 , which were measured 1 hour after the @entity2 provocation, were 11.7, 13.3, and 14.0 mg/ml (ns). The FEV1 values before and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with @entity4 were 86.2 +/- 4.0%, 84.8 +/- 4.1%, and 87.0 +/- 4.6%, respectively. The @entity2 PC20 values on the same days were 4.7, 3.1 (p less than 0.05), and 3.8 mg/ml, respectively. The @entity3 PC20 values were 14.2, 8.7, and 10.1 mg/ml (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively. We conclude that @entity5 improves @entity6 , possibly by a dampening of late @entity1 , whereas treatment with @entity4 may lead to a temporary increase of @entity6 , possibly as a result of beta-receptor desensitization.

title: Changes in XXXX induced by 4 weeks of treatment with antiasthmatic drugs in @entity0 with @entity1 : a comparison between @entity5 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: We performed a double-blind crossover study to compare the effects of long-term treatment of inhaled @entity5 and @entity4 on @entity6 in 17 @entity0 with @entity1 . Both drugs were administered for 4 weeks with a placebo-treatment period before and after each active-treatment period. To assess @entity6 , standardized inhalation provocation tests with @entity2 and @entity3 were performed every 2 weeks. Before each inhalation provocation the drugs were withheld for at least 12 hours. Before the @entity5 treatment the FEV1 value (percent predicted) was 85.3 +/- 4.1% (mean +/- SEM). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with this drug, the value increased significantly to 89.4 +/- 4.1% and 96.2 +/- 3.8%, respectively (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.005). The @entity2 provocation concentrations causing a decrease in FEV1 of 20% (PC20) on the same days were 4.0, 7.2, and 9.5 mg/ml, respectively (both p less than 0.001). The PC20 values for @entity3 , which were measured 1 hour after the @entity2 provocation, were 11.7, 13.3, and 14.0 mg/ml (ns). The FEV1 values before and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with @entity4 were 86.2 +/- 4.0%, 84.8 +/- 4.1%, and 87.0 +/- 4.6%, respectively. The @entity2 PC20 values on the same days were 4.7, 3.1 (p less than 0.05), and 3.8 mg/ml, respectively. The @entity3 PC20 values were 14.2, 8.7, and 10.1 mg/ml (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively. We conclude that @entity5 improves @entity6 , possibly by a dampening of late @entity1 , whereas treatment with @entity4 may lead to a temporary increase of @entity6 , possibly as a result of beta-receptor desensitization.

title: Changes in @entity6 induced by 4 weeks of treatment with antiasthmatic drugs in @entity0 with XXXX : a comparison between @entity5 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We performed a double-blind crossover study to compare the effects of long-term treatment of inhaled @entity5 and @entity4 on @entity6 in 17 @entity0 with @entity1 . Both drugs were administered for 4 weeks with a placebo-treatment period before and after each active-treatment period. To assess @entity6 , standardized inhalation provocation tests with @entity2 and @entity3 were performed every 2 weeks. Before each inhalation provocation the drugs were withheld for at least 12 hours. Before the @entity5 treatment the FEV1 value (percent predicted) was 85.3 +/- 4.1% (mean +/- SEM). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with this drug, the value increased significantly to 89.4 +/- 4.1% and 96.2 +/- 3.8%, respectively (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.005). The @entity2 provocation concentrations causing a decrease in FEV1 of 20% (PC20) on the same days were 4.0, 7.2, and 9.5 mg/ml, respectively (both p less than 0.001). The PC20 values for @entity3 , which were measured 1 hour after the @entity2 provocation, were 11.7, 13.3, and 14.0 mg/ml (ns). The FEV1 values before and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with @entity4 were 86.2 +/- 4.0%, 84.8 +/- 4.1%, and 87.0 +/- 4.6%, respectively. The @entity2 PC20 values on the same days were 4.7, 3.1 (p less than 0.05), and 3.8 mg/ml, respectively. The @entity3 PC20 values were 14.2, 8.7, and 10.1 mg/ml (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively. We conclude that @entity5 improves @entity6 , possibly by a dampening of late @entity1 , whereas treatment with @entity4 may lead to a temporary increase of @entity6 , possibly as a result of beta-receptor desensitization.

title: Changes in @entity6 induced by 4 weeks of treatment with antiasthmatic drugs in @entity0 with @entity1 : a comparison between @entity5 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We performed a double-blind crossover study to compare the effects of long-term treatment of inhaled @entity5 and @entity4 on @entity6 in 17 @entity0 with @entity1 . Both drugs were administered for 4 weeks with a placebo-treatment period before and after each active-treatment period. To assess @entity6 , standardized inhalation provocation tests with @entity2 and @entity3 were performed every 2 weeks. Before each inhalation provocation the drugs were withheld for at least 12 hours. Before the @entity5 treatment the FEV1 value (percent predicted) was 85.3 +/- 4.1% (mean +/- SEM). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with this drug, the value increased significantly to 89.4 +/- 4.1% and 96.2 +/- 3.8%, respectively (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.005). The @entity2 provocation concentrations causing a decrease in FEV1 of 20% (PC20) on the same days were 4.0, 7.2, and 9.5 mg/ml, respectively (both p less than 0.001). The PC20 values for @entity3 , which were measured 1 hour after the @entity2 provocation, were 11.7, 13.3, and 14.0 mg/ml (ns). The FEV1 values before and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with @entity4 were 86.2 +/- 4.0%, 84.8 +/- 4.1%, and 87.0 +/- 4.6%, respectively. The @entity2 PC20 values on the same days were 4.7, 3.1 (p less than 0.05), and 3.8 mg/ml, respectively. The @entity3 PC20 values were 14.2, 8.7, and 10.1 mg/ml (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively. We conclude that @entity5 improves @entity6 , possibly by a dampening of late @entity1 , whereas treatment with @entity4 may lead to a temporary increase of @entity6 , possibly as a result of beta-receptor desensitization.

title: Changes in @entity6 induced by 4 weeks of treatment with antiasthmatic drugs in XXXX with @entity1 : a comparison between @entity5 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 (Dp) is the major allergen in @entity1 in France. Standardized and lyophilized Dp extracts are available, and their effectiveness after a short course of rush immunotherapy was examined in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Twenty @entity0 received the Dp standardized extract, and 10 other @entity0 received a placebo extract. Before and 7 weeks after rush immunotherapy, in vivo and in vitro parameters were examined. Bronchial provocation tests performed in a standardized manner demonstrated that a provocative dose causing a 20% fall in FEV1, a 25% fall in maximum mild expiratory flow rate, a 25% fall in maximum flow when 50% of the forced vital capacity has been expired, and a 35% fall in specific airway conductance were significantly (p less than 0.005 to p less than 0.01, Wilcoxon W test) improved in the treated group and remained unchanged in the placebo group. Skin test titration demonstrated that @entity0 placed in the treated group had a significant (p less than 0.001, Wilcoxon W test) decrease of both end point titer and size of the largest wheal. No significant difference was observed in the placebo group. Serum Dp-IgE did not vary significantly in either group. Serum Dp antigen P1-IgG was significantly (p less than 0.001, Wilcoxon W test) increased in the treated group and slightly increased in the placebo-treated group. This study demonstrated that a Dp standardized extract administered by a rush protocol elicits a rapid and significant immune response and leads to a significant protection of the @entity0 .

title: Immunotherapy with a standardized XXXX extract. I. In vivo and in vitro parameters after a short course of treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Four @entity0 with @entity5 were recently seen with gastrointestinal perforations. The sites of perforation in the four cases were: (1) the duodenum, esophagus, and colon; (2) the duodenum; (3) the distal stomach; and (4) the traverse colon. The gastric and transverse colon perforations were intraperitoneal and easily diagnosed. The gastric perforation was treated successfully by partial gastrectomy. The @entity0 with the colon perforation underwent exteriorization; @entity2 occurred from cerebral complications possibly related to @entity4 . Both duodenal perforations were posterior in the distal descending portion. Enzymatic dissection into the right lower quadrant produced confusing clinical and radiographic signs and @entity1 . Successful treatment was obtained by partial gastrectomy, sump drainage of the perforation, and parenteral nutrition. @entity3 is a well-recognized complication of @entity4 in @entity5 . In particular, perforations of the distal duodenum, as reported by others, are associated with delay in diagnosis and high mortality.

title: Diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal perforations in XXXX with particular reference to perforations of the duodenum.

answer: @entity5


abstract: 1. In experiments to determine the type of intra-cardiac receptors which cause the @entity5 reflex, recordings were made from sixty-nine single and small multi-fibre preparations of cardiac vagal afferents in open-chest anaesthetized @entity1 .2. Thirty-two fibres were stimulated by occlusion of the coronary sinus outflow through an indwelling Morawitz cannula. No receptors were stimulated during occlusions at peak systolic coronary venous pressures below the threshold for reflex @entity0 . At higher pressures, fibre recruitment and further increases in stimulated discharge were demonstrated.3. The afferent endings of twenty-nine of these fibres were mechanically localized to the epicardium and myocardium of the left ventricle. Three were in the right ventricle. Seventeen single fibres discharged spontaneously at an average of 0.9 impulses/sec. There was cardiac modulation of both resting and stimulated discharge, with most action potentials in systole. Seven of eight fibres conducted at less than 1.0 m/sec.4. These ventricular receptors and a further twenty-two otherwise like them but not stimulated by occlusions were designated epi-myocardial receptors.5. 73% of receptors were stimulated by intrapericardial @entity4 (50-100 mug). Presumptively superficial receptors were more sensitive to this stimulus.6. Epi-myocardial receptors were stimulated by intravenous or intracoronary @entity6 , by electrical stimulation of cardiac sympathetic nerves, and by eliciting the carotid sinus occlusion reflex. @entity2 stimulated 66% of fibres tested, but was a less effective stimulus. After all these stimuli, there was a systolic modulation of discharge in more than 70% of fibres.7. It was concluded that the epi-myocardial receptors are similar to those previously shown to cause the epicardial chemoreflex, and to participate in the coronary chemoreflex. It is suggested that they are responsive to systolic mechanical changes which are accentuated by @entity6 . Their possible effectiveness in other cardiac reflexes and in initiating circulatory changes at the beginning of exercise and the @entity3 is discussed.

title: Action potentials from ventricular mechanoreceptors stimulated by occlusion of the coronary sinus in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Adjuvant local-regional radiotherapy (LRRT) is routinely recommended for @entity0 @entity1 . It is well known being related to pulmonary side-effects. We studied post-RT radiological changes on X-ray and CT, and correlated the findings with Quality of Life (QoL), common dosimetric factors and co-variates. The results were compared with a previously reported cohort of 137 irradiated @entity1 . METHODS: 88 @entity1 underwent chest X-ray and CT pre-and 4-5 months after 3-D planned LRRT, minimizing the dose to the ipsilateral lung to V       < 30%. The lung field was divided into 3 regions and the development of post-RT density changes were graded (0-3). @entity1 with radiological changes were compared with non-responders. Clinical symptoms were registered and data on @entity1 and treatment related co-variates were gathered prospectively. The ipsilateral lung dosimetric factors V      , V      , V       and mean dose were calculated and QoL was assessed before and 4 months after RT. RESULTS: The use of dose-volume constraints significally reduced moderate-severe radiological changes on chest X-ray compared with our earlier study (Chi square trend test: p < 0.001). Symptomatic @entity2 was also rare in the present study. No agreement was found between CT and chest X-ray as diagnostic tools for post-RT @entity2 . @entity3 correlated independently with radiological changes on CT (logistic regression: p = 0.04; ROC area: 0.7). The Co-variates smoking habits, age, chemotherapy, endocrine or trastuzumab therapy did not influence the outcome on multivariate analysis. QoL changes in physical function, i.e. fatigue, dyspnoea were not detected but there was a trend for a worse recovery after chemotherapy in @entity1 with high @entity3 (Spearman Rank Correlation: p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of dose-volume constraints significantly reduced post-RT radiological changes on chest X-ray in LRRT for BC. The lung changes on CT were also generally limited when we used this strategy and was not always picked up on chest X-ray. Variation in V       alone was correlated with occurrence of lung changes on CT.

title: Reduction of radiation @entity2 by V20-constraints in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Adjuvant local-regional radiotherapy (LRRT) is routinely recommended for @entity0 @entity1 . It is well known being related to pulmonary side-effects. We studied post-RT radiological changes on X-ray and CT, and correlated the findings with Quality of Life (QoL), common dosimetric factors and co-variates. The results were compared with a previously reported cohort of 137 irradiated @entity1 . METHODS: 88 @entity1 underwent chest X-ray and CT pre-and 4-5 months after 3-D planned LRRT, minimizing the dose to the ipsilateral lung to V       < 30%. The lung field was divided into 3 regions and the development of post-RT density changes were graded (0-3). @entity1 with radiological changes were compared with non-responders. Clinical symptoms were registered and data on @entity1 and treatment related co-variates were gathered prospectively. The ipsilateral lung dosimetric factors V      , V      , V       and mean dose were calculated and QoL was assessed before and 4 months after RT. RESULTS: The use of dose-volume constraints significally reduced moderate-severe radiological changes on chest X-ray compared with our earlier study (Chi square trend test: p < 0.001). Symptomatic @entity2 was also rare in the present study. No agreement was found between CT and chest X-ray as diagnostic tools for post-RT @entity2 . @entity3 correlated independently with radiological changes on CT (logistic regression: p = 0.04; ROC area: 0.7). The Co-variates smoking habits, age, chemotherapy, endocrine or trastuzumab therapy did not influence the outcome on multivariate analysis. QoL changes in physical function, i.e. fatigue, dyspnoea were not detected but there was a trend for a worse recovery after chemotherapy in @entity1 with high @entity3 (Spearman Rank Correlation: p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of dose-volume constraints significantly reduced post-RT radiological changes on chest X-ray in LRRT for BC. The lung changes on CT were also generally limited when we used this strategy and was not always picked up on chest X-ray. Variation in V       alone was correlated with occurrence of lung changes on CT.

title: Reduction of radiation XXXX by V20-constraints in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The association of @entity2 is well recognized. However, the most appropriate surgical approach in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity3 remains controversial. We examine this controversy and report on our experience. Our cohort consisted of 28 affected members of three @entity2 kindreds. Screening of these individuals consisted of an abdominal ultrasound (US) in their early teens and a baseline computerized axial tomography (CT) scan in their late teens. To date, nine @entity0 have been found to have @entity4 . In three of these @entity0 , the surgical specimen revealed multiple small foci of "clear cells" characteristic of @entity4 that had not been detected by careful radiological assessment prior to surgery. In two @entity0 , these lesions were located at the opposite pole from the radiologically-detected @entity1 . Nephron-sparing surgery, therefore, risks leaving potential @entity1 that may be responsible for mortality. Conversely, radical procedures condemn a @entity0 to life-long dialysis and/or transplantation with associated risk and morbidity. The potential for the metachronous emergence of @entity4 , however, justifies efforts to preserve normal tissue in @entity0 harboring radiologically-detected lesions; however, we need to know with some certainty the natural history of the correct management of this disorder.

title: XXXX in @entity2 : another piece of the puzzle.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The association of @entity2 is well recognized. However, the most appropriate surgical approach in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity3 remains controversial. We examine this controversy and report on our experience. Our cohort consisted of 28 affected members of three @entity2 kindreds. Screening of these individuals consisted of an abdominal ultrasound (US) in their early teens and a baseline computerized axial tomography (CT) scan in their late teens. To date, nine @entity0 have been found to have @entity4 . In three of these @entity0 , the surgical specimen revealed multiple small foci of "clear cells" characteristic of @entity4 that had not been detected by careful radiological assessment prior to surgery. In two @entity0 , these lesions were located at the opposite pole from the radiologically-detected @entity1 . Nephron-sparing surgery, therefore, risks leaving potential @entity1 that may be responsible for mortality. Conversely, radical procedures condemn a @entity0 to life-long dialysis and/or transplantation with associated risk and morbidity. The potential for the metachronous emergence of @entity4 , however, justifies efforts to preserve normal tissue in @entity0 harboring radiologically-detected lesions; however, we need to know with some certainty the natural history of the correct management of this disorder.

title: @entity4 in XXXX : another piece of the puzzle.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The influence of size of nanoparticles (NP), especially in regard to @entity2 , has been widely investigated. In general, NP with smaller diameters are more pro-inflammatory in vivo, at least in terms of neutrophil influx. Nevertheless, the influence of size of NP on polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) cell biology is poorly documented. In the study here, it was decided to determine if AgNP with a diameter of 70   nm (AgNP70) will alter the biology of @entity0 PMN similarly to AgNP20 previously reported to induce apoptosis and inhibit de novo protein synthesis. The results here indicated that, in contrast to AgNP20, AgNP70 delayed PMN apoptosis. However, both AgNP20 and AgNP70 inhibited de novo protein synthesis. Both forms of AgNP did not significantly increase reactive @entity1 species (ROS) production, but AgNP20 significantly increased the cell production of the @entity3 chemokine ( @entity3 ). In addition, AgNP20, but not AgNP70, induced the release of albumin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 ( @entity4 /gelatinase B) into culture supernatants. Consistent with this latter observation, gelatinase activity was increased by AgNP20, as assessed by zymography. From these outcomes, it is concluded that two NP with different initial diameters can possess similar - as well as distinct - biological properties in modulating @entity0 PMN functions. These outcomes are testimony to the complexity of the modes of action of NP at the cellular level.

title: Silver nanoparticles of 70   nm and 20   nm affect differently the biology of XXXX neutrophils.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 @entity0 often need healthcare and supportive services, with formal homecare services an important source of community-based assistance. Although @entity0 diagnosed with 1 or more @entity1 are thought to be the most common homecare clients, and perhaps the highest users of homecare services, few studies have analyzed homecare services utilization by specific clients. A study was done to determine if a relationship exists between @entity1 and homecare services utilization. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive-comparative, secondary analysis of population homecare data. METHODS: Three years (2003-2004, 2004-2005, and 2005-2006) of complete homecare client and services utilization data for 1 Canadian province were obtained and tested using 5 definitions of @entity1 to determine which clients among all 149,378 were high users in terms of annual homecare hours and service visits or episodes. RESULTS: Two definitions revealed clients with a disproportionately large share of homecare hours and service episodes: a) clients classified by homecare case managers as "long-term" and b) clients with service spans of >= 90 days. Definitions involving medical diagnoses and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes or chapters did not reveal high users. Age and gender also did not predict services utilization. CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive pre-service assessment completed by homecare case managers was the most successful at distinguishing @entity0 with substantial homecare service needs- @entity0 who could then be described as chronically ill. This assessment should be studied to develop a standardized minimum data tool for consistent and fair assessments.

title: Are chronically ill XXXX high users of homecare services in Canada?

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the type and number of antibiotic prescriptions filled in the 28 days following an index visit for acute @entity2 (ARTIs) generally presumed to be viral. STUDY DESIGN: This was a secondary analysis of administrative data. METHODS: We linked administrative data for pharmacy, clinical encounters, and providers to identify all prescriptions for a relevant antibiotic filled within 28 days of an index visit for an ARTI. Data were analyzed descriptively. The primary outcome was whether or not the @entity0 was prescribed an antibiotic or anti- @entity1 medication for an episode of presumed viral ARTI. RESULTS: There were 54,656 encounters for presumed viral ARTI. Most visits (84.4%) were to a primary care clinician, with 12% to an urgent care center and 3.6% to the emergency department. Within 28 days of an encounter for a presumed @entity2 , 49.4% of @entity0 filled an initial antibiotic prescription, 4.8% a prescription for an anti- @entity1 drug, and 1.2% received both. A second antibiotic prescription was filled after the initial prescription by 8.9% of @entity0 , and a third by 0.7%. Antibiotic use was most common for acute @entity3 (67.8%) and in the urgent care setting (60.2%). Antibiotics were prescribed less often by pediatricians, whereas anti- @entity1 medications were prescribed most often for @entity0 aged 5 to 17 years by both pediatricians and family physicians. Antibiotic use has increased since 2007, when @entity4 became a generic drug. CONCLUSIONS: Prescribing antibiotics for ARTIs that are likely to be viral in origin remains common, despite extensive public health educational efforts.

title: Antibiotic use for viral acute XXXX remains common.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity0 requiring haemodialysis have @entity2 . Little is known about the acute effects of exercise during haemodialysis. Exercise has numerous health benefits but in other populations has a profound impact upon blood pressure, @entity1 and immune function; therefore having the potential to exacerbate @entity2 in this vulnerable population. METHODS: Fifteen @entity0 took part in a randomised-crossover study investigating the effect of a 30-min bout of exercise during haemodialysis compared to resting haemodialysis. We assessed blood pressure, plasma markers of @entity3 and systemic @entity1 and neutrophil degranulation. RESULTS: Exercise increased blood pressure immediately post-exercise; however, 1 hour after exercise blood pressure was lower than resting levels (106  22 vs. 117  25 mm Hg). No differences in h-FABP, @entity8 , myoglobin or CKMB were observed between trial arms. Exercise did not alter circulating concentrations of @entity5 , @entity4 or @entity6 nor clearly suppress neutrophil function. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates fluctuations in blood pressure during haemodialysis in response to exercise. However, since the fall in blood pressure occurred without evidence of @entity3 , we regard it as a normal response to exercise superimposed onto the haemodynamic response to haemodialysis. Importantly, exercise did not exacerbate systemic @entity1 or @entity7 ; intradialytic exercise was well tolerated.

title: The Impact of Exercising During Haemodialysis on Blood Pressure, Markers of XXXX and Systemic Inflammation - Preliminary Results of a Pilot Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity2 is not effectively treated. Aims Open evaluation of a free clinic giving immediate computer-aided cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) self-help plus brief advice from a therapist. METHOD: Test of outcome of self-referrals who used one of four computer-aided CBT systems for @entity2 , @entity3 /panic, general @entity1 or @entity4 . RESULTS: The equivalent of one full-time clinician managed 355 referrals over a year. Of the 266 who had a screening interview 79% were suitable. Completers and non-completers of computer-aided CBT had similar pre-treatment features, with very chronic, moderately severe problems. Completers of the computer-aided self-help had a mean total of an hour's live therapist support over 12 weeks. They improved significantly and clinically meaningfully with three of the four systems and felt 'fairly satisfied'. Improvement resembled that in controlled and other trials of computer-aided CBT. CONCLUSIONS: Computer-aided self-help is a 'clinician extender'that greatly cuts per- @entity0 therapist time without impairing improvement. It could reduce the per- @entity0 cost of CBT.

title: Pragmatic evaluation of computer-aided self-help for @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity2 is not effectively treated. Aims Open evaluation of a free clinic giving immediate computer-aided cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) self-help plus brief advice from a therapist. METHOD: Test of outcome of self-referrals who used one of four computer-aided CBT systems for @entity2 , @entity3 /panic, general @entity1 or @entity4 . RESULTS: The equivalent of one full-time clinician managed 355 referrals over a year. Of the 266 who had a screening interview 79% were suitable. Completers and non-completers of computer-aided CBT had similar pre-treatment features, with very chronic, moderately severe problems. Completers of the computer-aided self-help had a mean total of an hour's live therapist support over 12 weeks. They improved significantly and clinically meaningfully with three of the four systems and felt 'fairly satisfied'. Improvement resembled that in controlled and other trials of computer-aided CBT. CONCLUSIONS: Computer-aided self-help is a 'clinician extender'that greatly cuts per- @entity0 therapist time without impairing improvement. It could reduce the per- @entity0 cost of CBT.

title: Pragmatic evaluation of computer-aided self-help for XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: For the treatment of @entity1 , it has been theorized that integrative care plans can lead to better outcomes than those achieved by monodisciplinary care alone, especially when using a collaborative, interdisciplinary, and non-hierarchical team approach. This paper describes the use of a care pathway designed to guide treatment by an integrative group of providers within a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: A clinical care pathway was used by a multidisciplinary group of providers, which included acupuncturists, chiropractors, cognitive behavioral therapists, exercise therapists, massage therapists and primary care physicians. Treatment recommendations were based on an evidence-informed practice model, and reached by group consensus. Research study @entity0 were empowered to select one of the treatment recommendations proposed by the integrative group. Common principles and benchmarks were established to guide treatment management throughout the study. RESULTS: Thirteen providers representing 5 healthcare professions collaborated to provide integrative care to study @entity0 . On average, 3 to 4 treatment plans, each consisting of 2 to 3 modalities, were recommended to study @entity0 . Exercise, massage, and acupuncture were both most commonly recommended by the team and selected by study @entity0 . Changes to care commonly incorporated cognitive behavioral therapy into treatment plans. CONCLUSION: This clinical care pathway was a useful tool for the consistent application of evidence-based care for @entity2 in the context of an integrative setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00567333.

title: Integrative care for the management of XXXX : use of a clinical care pathway.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Previous studies have shown that the invasion of V2 @entity2 cells in the @entity1 mesentery is associated with marked extracellular matrix synthesis leading eventually to an overall increase in mesenteric mass. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural and biochemical composition of the extracellular matrix in @entity0 -free parts of @entity1 mesenteries at various stages after intraperitoneal implantation of V2 @entity2 cells. The overall thickness of the @entity0 -implanted mesenteries increased progressively and peaked at about Day 14, when it was about 8 times greater than the untreated or liver-implanted controls. This was mainly the result of an accumulation of extracellular matrix components. In particular, there was a marked increase in both collagen fibers and proteoglycan granules, as well as filaments, probably @entity4 , as visualized by @entity7 . Stereological analysis showed a 6-fold increase in collagen fibers and a significant increase in the density and average diameter of proteoglycan granules. Biochemical analysis revealed a marked elevation in @entity6 content in the @entity0 -implanted mesenteries. Specifically, they contained 2.6 and 8.6 times the amount of @entity4 and @entity5 , respectively, than did controls. Furthermore, the relative percentage of @entity5 was elevated markedly (26 versus 6% in controls). However, the content of heparan or dermatan @entity3 did not vary significantly. Stereological analysis of the fibroblasts showed that their absolute number had doubled and that the cell volume of the individual fibroblast had increased markedly. This suggests that the fibroblasts were responsible for the excessive production of the extracellular matrix. These results support the concept that @entity2 cells can modulate their surrounding extracellular environment by stimulating the synthesis of connective tissue in the host mesenchymal cells.

title: Neoplastic modulation of extracellular matrix: proteoglycan changes in the XXXX mesentery induced by V2 @entity2 cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previous studies have shown that the invasion of V2 @entity2 cells in the @entity1 mesentery is associated with marked extracellular matrix synthesis leading eventually to an overall increase in mesenteric mass. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural and biochemical composition of the extracellular matrix in @entity0 -free parts of @entity1 mesenteries at various stages after intraperitoneal implantation of V2 @entity2 cells. The overall thickness of the @entity0 -implanted mesenteries increased progressively and peaked at about Day 14, when it was about 8 times greater than the untreated or liver-implanted controls. This was mainly the result of an accumulation of extracellular matrix components. In particular, there was a marked increase in both collagen fibers and proteoglycan granules, as well as filaments, probably @entity4 , as visualized by @entity7 . Stereological analysis showed a 6-fold increase in collagen fibers and a significant increase in the density and average diameter of proteoglycan granules. Biochemical analysis revealed a marked elevation in @entity6 content in the @entity0 -implanted mesenteries. Specifically, they contained 2.6 and 8.6 times the amount of @entity4 and @entity5 , respectively, than did controls. Furthermore, the relative percentage of @entity5 was elevated markedly (26 versus 6% in controls). However, the content of heparan or dermatan @entity3 did not vary significantly. Stereological analysis of the fibroblasts showed that their absolute number had doubled and that the cell volume of the individual fibroblast had increased markedly. This suggests that the fibroblasts were responsible for the excessive production of the extracellular matrix. These results support the concept that @entity2 cells can modulate their surrounding extracellular environment by stimulating the synthesis of connective tissue in the host mesenchymal cells.

title: Neoplastic modulation of extracellular matrix: proteoglycan changes in the @entity1 mesentery induced by V2 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The treatment of @entity3 results in predictable @entity1 and eventual cellular repopulation. In order to study this postchemotherapy repopulation, assays for hematopoietic progenitor cells were performed on bone marrow samples obtained from seven @entity0 with @entity3 who had received similar chemotherapeutic induction regimens. Burst-forming units (erythrocyte), colony-forming units (megakaryocyte), colony-forming units (granulocyte-macrophage), and colony-forming units (granulocyte-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte-macrophage) were cloned from @entity0 bone marrow mononuclear cells 5 and/or 10 days following completion of chemotherapy. All @entity0 were pancytopenic and had hypocellular marrows when studied. Assays were performed 7 to 30 days prior to complete remission. Colony-forming units (granulocyte-macrophage) were equivalent to control values 5 days following chemotherapy, while burst-forming units (erythrocyte) and colony-forming units (granulocyte-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte-macrophage) were not assayable at that time. Ten days following chemotherapy, colony-forming units (granulocyte-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte-macrophage) and colony-forming units (granulocyte-macrophage) were 200 and 250% of normal controls, respectively, while burst-forming units (erythrocyte) were 29% of control values. Colony-forming units (macrophage) were 10 to 15 times normal values 10 days following chemotherapy. In contrast to colonies from normal individuals, those grown from marrow obtained following chemotherapy were frequently macroscopic and were composed of thousands of cells. @entity0 marrow had larger proportions of progenitor cells in S phase of the cell cycle than did normal controls. These studies suggest the presence of a stem cell in @entity0 bone marrow which is resistant to chemotherapeutic agents and has a high capacity to regenerate hematopoietic progenitor cells. The period following completion of chemotherapy for @entity3 appears suitable for the study of the hierarchical nature of @entity0 @entity2 .

title: In vitro @entity2 following induction chemotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The treatment of @entity3 results in predictable @entity1 and eventual cellular repopulation. In order to study this postchemotherapy repopulation, assays for hematopoietic progenitor cells were performed on bone marrow samples obtained from seven @entity0 with @entity3 who had received similar chemotherapeutic induction regimens. Burst-forming units (erythrocyte), colony-forming units (megakaryocyte), colony-forming units (granulocyte-macrophage), and colony-forming units (granulocyte-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte-macrophage) were cloned from @entity0 bone marrow mononuclear cells 5 and/or 10 days following completion of chemotherapy. All @entity0 were pancytopenic and had hypocellular marrows when studied. Assays were performed 7 to 30 days prior to complete remission. Colony-forming units (granulocyte-macrophage) were equivalent to control values 5 days following chemotherapy, while burst-forming units (erythrocyte) and colony-forming units (granulocyte-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte-macrophage) were not assayable at that time. Ten days following chemotherapy, colony-forming units (granulocyte-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte-macrophage) and colony-forming units (granulocyte-macrophage) were 200 and 250% of normal controls, respectively, while burst-forming units (erythrocyte) were 29% of control values. Colony-forming units (macrophage) were 10 to 15 times normal values 10 days following chemotherapy. In contrast to colonies from normal individuals, those grown from marrow obtained following chemotherapy were frequently macroscopic and were composed of thousands of cells. @entity0 marrow had larger proportions of progenitor cells in S phase of the cell cycle than did normal controls. These studies suggest the presence of a stem cell in @entity0 bone marrow which is resistant to chemotherapeutic agents and has a high capacity to regenerate hematopoietic progenitor cells. The period following completion of chemotherapy for @entity3 appears suitable for the study of the hierarchical nature of @entity0 @entity2 .

title: In vitro XXXX following induction chemotherapy for @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine baseline knowledge and identify knowledge gaps of farmers on biosecurity, risk of transmission of transboundary diseases and large ruminant health and production in three provinces of northern Laos, Hua Phan (HP), Luang Prabang (LPB) and Xieng Khoung (XK). The survey was conducted in six villages that are project sites for an Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) project, with two villages located in each of the three provinces. A census survey was conducted by interview with all 238 farmers participating in the ACIAR project, using a structured questionnaire. The interviews were conducted in @entity1 language and took 1-2 h per farmer. The answers were recorded in @entity1 and the survey data were translated into English and transcribed into Microsoft Excel, and a linear mixed model in the Genstat statistical analysis package was used to compare quantitative traits between the target provinces. The results showed that the prediction mean of farmer knowledge scores on @entity2 , @entity0 , reproduction and nutrition management were significantly different between the target provinces. The prediction mean of farmer knowledge scores on @entity0 questions ranged between 5.11 in HP to 8.54 in XK of 24 marks (P < 0.001). The prediction mean of total knowledge scores was 13.48 in LPB and 19.29 in XK of 42 marks (P < 0.001). The results indicate both the need for and scope required to attain improvements in farmer knowledge of large ruminant health and production. It was concluded that a participatory research and extension programme to address village-level biosecurity and reduce disease risks, plus enhance large ruminant production capabilities of smallholder producers, is a valid and potentially important strategy to address transboundary disease risk and rural poverty in northern Laos.

title: Assessment of farmer knowledge of large ruminant health and production in developing village-level biosecurity in northern XXXX PDR.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Pearl millet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a drought-tolerant cereal crop used for grain and forage. Novel traits from outside of the gene pool could be introduced provided a reliable gene-transfer method were available. We have obtained herbicide-resistant transgenic pearl millet plants by microprojectile bombardment of embryogenic tissues with the bar gene. Embryogenic tissues derived from immature embryos, inflorescences and apical meristems from diploid and tetraploid pearl millet genotypes were used as target tissues. Transformed cells were selected in the dark on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 mg/l @entity1 and 15 mg/l @entity4 ( @entity0 ). After 3-10 weeks in the dark, herbicide-resistant somatic embryos were induced to germinate on MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l @entity5 and 0.1 mg/l @entity3 . Plants were transferred to the greenhouse after they were rooted in the presence of @entity0 and had passed a @entity2 red assay (the medium turned from red to yellow). Transgenic plants were recovered from bombardments using intact pAHC25 plasmid DNA, a gel-purified bar fragment, or a mixture of pAHC25 plasmid or bar fragment and a plasmid containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein ( gfp) gene (p524EGFP.1). Analyses by the polymerase chain reaction, Southern blot hybridization, GFP expression, resistance to herbicide application, and segregation of the bar and gfp genes confirmed the presence and stable integration of the foreign DNA. Transformed plants were recovered from all three explants, although transformation conditions were optimized using only the tetraploid inflorescence. Time from culture initiation to rooted transgenic plant using the tetraploid inflorescence ranged from 3-4 months. Seven independent DNA/gold precipitations were used to bombard 52 plates, 29 of which produced an average of 5.5 herbicide-resistant plants per plate. The number of herbicide-resistant plants recovered per successful bombardment ranged from one to 28 and the frequency of co-transformation with gfp ranged from 5% to 85%.

title: Fertile transgenic pearl millet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] plants recovered through microprojectile bombardment and XXXX selection of apical meristem-, inflorescence-, and immature embryo-derived embryogenic tissues.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and to describe sonographic and MR features of these lesions. Seventeen postpubertal male @entity3 @entity0 underwent scrotal sonography, with colour Doppler, and in 16 of them pre- and postcontrast enhanced T1- and T2-weighted MR images of the testes were obtained. Ultrasound revealed lesions in 16 of 17 @entity0 (94%), bilateral in 10 @entity0 and unilateral in 6 @entity0 . The lesions were typically located adjacent to the mediastinum testis. The maximal diameter of the lesions varied from 2 to 40 mm. Margins were blurred in 11 of 31 lesions. Seventeen of the 20 lesions smaller than 2 cm in diameter were hypoechoic, whereas all 11 lesions larger than 2 cm showed hyperechoic reflections. On MR all lesions were isointense on T1- and hypointense on T2-weighted images and lesion margins were clearly defined. Enhancement of the lesions after intravenous contrast was seen in 13 of 15 @entity0 . In our series the prevalence of @entity1 in postpubertal @entity3 @entity0 is much higher than in other reported studies. The lesions may develop from some small, hypoechoic, and multifocal nodules and coalesce to large @entity2 with hyperechoic reflections on ultrasound. As our results suggest that ultrasonography and MR show the lesions equally well, ultrasonography should be the method of first choice for detection and follow-up of these lesions, because it is the cheapest and quickest imaging technique. In case of a partial orchiectomy, MR is recommended because it shows lesion margins optimally.

title: @entity1 in postpubertal males with XXXX : sonographic and MR features.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and to describe sonographic and MR features of these lesions. Seventeen postpubertal male @entity3 @entity0 underwent scrotal sonography, with colour Doppler, and in 16 of them pre- and postcontrast enhanced T1- and T2-weighted MR images of the testes were obtained. Ultrasound revealed lesions in 16 of 17 @entity0 (94%), bilateral in 10 @entity0 and unilateral in 6 @entity0 . The lesions were typically located adjacent to the mediastinum testis. The maximal diameter of the lesions varied from 2 to 40 mm. Margins were blurred in 11 of 31 lesions. Seventeen of the 20 lesions smaller than 2 cm in diameter were hypoechoic, whereas all 11 lesions larger than 2 cm showed hyperechoic reflections. On MR all lesions were isointense on T1- and hypointense on T2-weighted images and lesion margins were clearly defined. Enhancement of the lesions after intravenous contrast was seen in 13 of 15 @entity0 . In our series the prevalence of @entity1 in postpubertal @entity3 @entity0 is much higher than in other reported studies. The lesions may develop from some small, hypoechoic, and multifocal nodules and coalesce to large @entity2 with hyperechoic reflections on ultrasound. As our results suggest that ultrasonography and MR show the lesions equally well, ultrasonography should be the method of first choice for detection and follow-up of these lesions, because it is the cheapest and quickest imaging technique. In case of a partial orchiectomy, MR is recommended because it shows lesion margins optimally.

title: XXXX in postpubertal males with @entity3 : sonographic and MR features.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The airway mucosal response to allergen in @entity0 involves influx of activated T helper type 2 cells and eosinophils, transient @entity1 , and airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The mechanism(s) underlying transient T cell activation during this inflammatory response is unclear. We present evidence that this response is regulated via bidirectional interactions between airway mucosal dendritic cells (AMDC) and T memory cells. After aerosol challenge, resident AMDC acquire antigen and rapidly mature into potent @entity2 ( @entity2 ) after cognate interactions with T memory cells. This process is restricted to dendritic cells (DCs) in the mucosae of the conducting airways, and is not seen in peripheral lung. Within 24 h, antigen-bearing mature DCs disappear from the airway wall, leaving in their wake activated interleukin 2R+ T cells and AHR. Antigen-bearing activated DCs appear in regional lymph nodes at 24 h, suggesting onward migration from the airway. Transient up-regulation of @entity4 on AMDC accompanies this process, which can be reproduced by coculture of resting AMDC with T memory cells plus antigen. The @entity3 activity of AMDC can be partially inhibited by anti- @entity4 , suggesting that @entity4 may play an active role in this process and/or is a surrogate for other relevant costimulators. These findings provide a plausible model for local T cell activation at the lesional site in @entity0 , and for the transient nature of this inflammatory response.

title: Bidirectional interactions between antigen-bearing respiratory tract dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells precede the late phase reaction in experimental XXXX : DC activation occurs in the airway mucosa but not in the lung parenchyma.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only a few studies have examined relationships between @entity1 and resource use of nursing home residents, and these studies have yielded mixed results. METHODS: To develop and test structural equation models for relationships between @entity1 , covariates, and resource use of nursing home residents on @entity3 @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and conventional units. RESEARCH DESIGN: Analysis of data obtained in 1999 from an Indiana nursing facility time study that measured resident-specific direct care minutes per day, and assessment data from the Minimum Data Set (version 2.0). @entity0 : @entity0 were 1290 residents without specialized nursing requirements or licensed therapies: 447 drawn from 22 @entity5 in 16 facilities, 485 from 16 conventional units in the same facilities, and 358 from units in 13 facilities without @entity5 . MEASURES: Direct care resource use (weighed minutes/d), Cognitive Performance Scale, activities of daily living (ADLs), clinically complex conditions, daily @entity2 , physical restraints, psychotropic medication, and @entity3 or @entity4 diagnosis. RESULTS: @entity1 had a substantial indirect effect on resource use in facilities with and without @entity5 . This effect was mediated largely through ADL dependency and SCU placement. Severity of @entity1 was strongly related to ADL dependency, and ADL, in turn, was a strongly related to resource use. Also, residents on @entity5 used significantly more direct care resources than residents on conventional units. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates relationships between @entity1 , covariates, and resource use for nursing home residents on @entity5 and conventional units. It also raises issues about reimbursement for care of @entity4 residents.

title: XXXX and resource use of nursing home residents: a structural equation model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of Multislice spiral CT (MSCT) with volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstructions in recognizing @entity3 ( @entity3 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity0 with @entity3 underwent MSCT. To visualise the excretory system, 50 ml of uroangiografic contrast medium was administered by drip infusion via the cubital vein 180 minutes before the CT scan. MSCT was performed after the injection of 120 ml of contrast medium at a flow rate of 3.5 ml/sec. Dual-phase scanning was performed 25s and 55s after contrast medium administration. MIP and VR reconstructions were obtained on a dedicated workstation. RESULTS: In 11/27 (41%) @entity0 , @entity3 was due to an @entity2 (UPJ). In 9/27 (33%), the @entity1 was caused by anomalous vessels. In 3/27 (11%), @entity1 was due to an anomalous UPJ position even though anomalous accessory vessels could be seen. In 4/27 (15%), anomalous vessels were also identified but the presence of a pyeloureteral stent did not allow us to establish whether these vessels were the cause of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: MSCT and MIP and VR reconstructions allow identification of the causes of congenital @entity3 and provide useful information for appropriate treatment planning.

title: XXXX : assessment with multislice CT.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In order to clarify the cause of low voltage QRS complex seen on ECG (low voltage), thyroid hormones, LDH isozyme and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were studied in 39 @entity0 with @entity2 . Low voltage and @entity3 were found in 12 of 39 (30.8%) and 12 of 27 (44.4%), respectively. Serum T4 in @entity0 with low voltage (Group 1) was significantly lower than that in @entity0 without low voltage (Group 2) (T4 1.4 +/- 1.7 vs 2.8 +/- 2.3 micrograms/dl, p less than 0.05). Group 1 had a higher incidence of large amounts of @entity3 than Group 2 (6/8 vs 1/19, p less than 0.002). However, there was no significant difference in thyroid hormone levels between @entity0 with and without @entity3 . No significant difference in LDH isozyme pattern was found among the groups. Low voltage without @entity3 was found in only one @entity0 . Two @entity0 with low voltage and @entity3 demonstrated that in spite of the presence of large @entity3 , low voltage improved after thyroid replacement therapy. By multi-variate analysis, low voltage was related to large @entity3 , @entity0 age and low T4 levels. From these results, it was suggested that in @entity2 low voltage was brought about by a combination of both severe @entity1 and large @entity3 . In addition, elderly @entity0 over 60 years had low voltage more frequently than did @entity0 under 59 years.

title: The cause of low voltage QRS complex in @entity2 . Pericardial effusion or XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: In order to clarify the cause of low voltage QRS complex seen on ECG (low voltage), thyroid hormones, LDH isozyme and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were studied in 39 @entity0 with @entity2 . Low voltage and @entity3 were found in 12 of 39 (30.8%) and 12 of 27 (44.4%), respectively. Serum T4 in @entity0 with low voltage (Group 1) was significantly lower than that in @entity0 without low voltage (Group 2) (T4 1.4 +/- 1.7 vs 2.8 +/- 2.3 micrograms/dl, p less than 0.05). Group 1 had a higher incidence of large amounts of @entity3 than Group 2 (6/8 vs 1/19, p less than 0.002). However, there was no significant difference in thyroid hormone levels between @entity0 with and without @entity3 . No significant difference in LDH isozyme pattern was found among the groups. Low voltage without @entity3 was found in only one @entity0 . Two @entity0 with low voltage and @entity3 demonstrated that in spite of the presence of large @entity3 , low voltage improved after thyroid replacement therapy. By multi-variate analysis, low voltage was related to large @entity3 , @entity0 age and low T4 levels. From these results, it was suggested that in @entity2 low voltage was brought about by a combination of both severe @entity1 and large @entity3 . In addition, elderly @entity0 over 60 years had low voltage more frequently than did @entity0 under 59 years.

title: The cause of low voltage QRS complex in XXXX . Pericardial effusion or @entity1 ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: In the present study we examined the effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonist @entity2 on @entity1 -evoked somatosensory and vascular responses in @entity0 . SUBJECTS: Two sets of experiments were performed, in which twelve (Study 1, iontophoresis) and six @entity0 (Study 2, microdialysis) were recruited. TREATMENT: @entity2 was administered peripherally by skin patch (50 mM) or dermal microdialysis (5 mM), whereas @entity1 was applied by iontophoresis (50 microAmps) or dermal microdialysis (5 microM). METHODS: Skin blood flow was monitored by laser Doppler, widespread flare reaction was evaluated planimetrically, extravasation of plasma proteins was measured in the dialysate and perceived itch was recorded using a visual analogue scale. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance. RESULTS: Experimentally induced itch was significantly reduced by peripheral administration of @entity2 (p < 0.05). Additionally, skin blood flow and neurogenic mediated flare responses were attenuated (p < 0.003 and p < 0.03, respectively), whereas protein extravasation due to @entity1 was enhanced by co-administration of @entity2 , as investigated by dermal microdialysis. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 peripheral administration of a cannabinoid receptor agonist attenuates @entity1 -induced itch. The observation that protein extravasation was not decreased demonstrates that the alleviation of itch is not due to an anti-histaminergic property of @entity2 . The reduced neurogenic flare reaction indicates an attenuated antidromic nerve fibre activation and neuropeptide release.

title: XXXX induced responses are attenuated by a cannabinoid receptor agonist in @entity0 skin.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: In the present study we examined the effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonist @entity2 on @entity1 -evoked somatosensory and vascular responses in @entity0 . SUBJECTS: Two sets of experiments were performed, in which twelve (Study 1, iontophoresis) and six @entity0 (Study 2, microdialysis) were recruited. TREATMENT: @entity2 was administered peripherally by skin patch (50 mM) or dermal microdialysis (5 mM), whereas @entity1 was applied by iontophoresis (50 microAmps) or dermal microdialysis (5 microM). METHODS: Skin blood flow was monitored by laser Doppler, widespread flare reaction was evaluated planimetrically, extravasation of plasma proteins was measured in the dialysate and perceived itch was recorded using a visual analogue scale. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance. RESULTS: Experimentally induced itch was significantly reduced by peripheral administration of @entity2 (p < 0.05). Additionally, skin blood flow and neurogenic mediated flare responses were attenuated (p < 0.003 and p < 0.03, respectively), whereas protein extravasation due to @entity1 was enhanced by co-administration of @entity2 , as investigated by dermal microdialysis. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 peripheral administration of a cannabinoid receptor agonist attenuates @entity1 -induced itch. The observation that protein extravasation was not decreased demonstrates that the alleviation of itch is not due to an anti-histaminergic property of @entity2 . The reduced neurogenic flare reaction indicates an attenuated antidromic nerve fibre activation and neuropeptide release.

title: @entity1 induced responses are attenuated by a cannabinoid receptor agonist in XXXX skin.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Our objective was to evaluate @entity1 hemodynamics of @entity2 of the head and neck. A 2D magnetic resonance projection angiography (MRPA) protocol was developed. Six @entity0 with histologically proven @entity2 were included in the study. The sequence protocol and data post-processing procedure were optimized in view of a high temporal resolution and maximum contrast-to-noise ratio. Image-time series of two freely orientated slabs could be obtained. Correlation analysis was performed to generate selective arterial and venous weighted angiographic images. @entity1 showed a rapid and intense homogeneous enhancement following the intravenous administration of contrast material. The smallest tumors investigated measured 10 mm and could be visualized clearly. Time-resolved analysis of the @entity1 enhancement revealed an early bolus arrival within the vascular bed of the @entity1 and prolonged incomplete washout indicating blood pooling. The dynamic contrast enhancement of @entity1 can be evaluated non-invasively with MRPA providing a high temporal resolution and high image quality. The characteristic contrast enhancement of @entity1 can be helpful in the diagnostic workup of lesions that may mimic @entity1 .

title: Dynamic contrast enhancement of XXXX of the head and neck: evaluation with time-resolved 2D MR projection angiography.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 frequently experience great discomfort during a bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of @entity1 . Sedation is generally recommended during bronchoscopy; however, few studies have evaluated the discomfort and tolerability of @entity0 to a bronchoscopy with regard to the administration procedures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the discomfort and tolerability of @entity0 undergoing a bronchoscopy using different sedation procedures with @entity3 . The retrospective survey of sedation during bronchoscopy involved the comparison of two periods: January-March 2012 (first period) and July-September 2012 (second period). A numerical rating score, which ranged between 1 (best) and 5 (worst) according to the subjective view of the @entity0 , was used to rate @entity0 discomfort, @entity2 , sensation, time and tolerability to the bronchoscopy. In the first period, 2.5 mg @entity3 was administered prior to the initiation of surgery, and additional doses of @entity3 was added in 2.5-mg increments whenever the @entity0 deviated from the target sedation level. In the second period, 2.0 or 3.0 mg @entity3 was administered prior to the initiation of surgery, and additional @entity3 doses were administered in 1.0-mg increments until the @entity0 were sedated to the target sedation level. In total, 60 and 68 valid responses were obtained in the first and second periods, respectively. The @entity0 in the second period exhibited significantly improved discomfort and @entity2 scores during the bronchoscopy and higher rates of consent to re-examination, as compared with the @entity0 in the first period (1.89  1.40 vs. 2.78  1.52, P<0.001; 1.48  1.13 vs. 2.00  1.37, P=0.005; 2.45  1.62 vs. 3.13  1.47, P=0.013, respectively). The amount of @entity3 administered was significantly higher in the second period. There were no fatal complications during the bronchoscopy in either period. In conclusion, the present study observed that the administration of additional @entity3 in small doses, until the target sedation level is achieved, is a safe procedure that is associated with significantly less discomfort and @entity2 during bronchoscopy and a greater consent to re-examination when compared with the administration of a fixed dose of @entity3 .

title: Evaluation of discomfort and tolerability to bronchoscopy according to different sedation procedures with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is a rare and highly aggressive @entity1 that was initially described in 1989. @entity10 predominantly affects young @entity0 and typically occurs in the intra-abdominal area. The present study describes the cases of two @entity0 with @entity10 . The first @entity0 was a 23-year-old male who presented with @entity5 in the right flank, coupled with difficulty urinating and @entity2 . The second @entity0 was 12-year-old female who presented with @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity8 . A computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed the presence of an extensive pelvic mass in each @entity0 , however, a visceral origin was not clearly identifiable in the first @entity0 . In the second @entity0 , a large soft-tissue @entity1 was located posterior to the pancreatic tail and the stomach, with no anatomical line visible between the stomach and splenic vein. Ultrasound-guided biopsy in the first @entity0 and videolaparoscopy in the second @entity0 followed by immunohistochemical analysis clarified the presence of a malignant @entity1 composed of small, blue, round cells. Due to right ureter involvement and @entity11 in the first @entity0 , a treatment strategy of surgical debulking of the @entity1 was selected. The surgical procedure involved en bloc resection of the lesion associated with a pelvic peritonectomy, followed by post-operative radiotherapy. However, the second @entity0 exhibited @entity3 , therefore, a chemotherapeutic protocol of @entity9 , @entity6 and @entity7 , as well as radiation therapy, was scheduled. Disease relapse was observed in the abdominal cavity of the first @entity0 after one year, while the second @entity0 remains asymptomatic. Following analysis of present two cases, it was concluded that aggressive treatment regimens may induce @entity1 regression. However, relapse of the disease is frequent and long-term survival is rare with the currently available therapeutic strategies.

title: Requirement for novel surgical and clinical protocols for the treatment of XXXX : A report of two cases and a review of the literature.

answer: @entity10


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A @entity6 is a @entity1 that arises from the epithelial cells of the thymus, and may cause various signs and symptoms dependent upon its local extent. A non-traumatic hemothorax is extremely rare. The present study reports the case of a 77-year-old female who presented with an acute onset of @entity5 . Imaging procedures revealed a mass occupying the anterior @entity10 and left hemithorax, and a left @entity7 . Progressive @entity3 was noted following admission. Left hemothorax due to rupture of the anterior mediastinal mass was suspected, and emergency surgery was performed. @entity4 was observed on the cut surface of the @entity1 . An analysis of frozen sections indicated a @entity6 , and a thymo-partial thymectomy was subsequently performed to remove as much of the @entity8 as possible. The @entity0 was discharged on post-operative day 13 following an uneventful recovery. The present case suggests that in previously healthy individuals, @entity9 and @entity5 co-occurring with an acute widening of the @entity10 observed on roentgenograph may be indicative of a @entity2 .

title: XXXX causing a hemothorax: A case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: to study effect of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) on regional cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included into this study 22 @entity0 with @entity3 subjected to CABG surgery with @entity4 . All @entity0 underwent brain SPECT scanning and comprehensive neuropsychological testing 1 day before, 10-14 days and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Overall CABG with @entity4 was followed by reduction of regional cerebral blood flow relative to baseline in frontal and parietal cortex (p < 0.01). Substantial reduction (> 5%) of cerebral perfusion in early postoperative period was observed in 15 @entity0 (68%) while seven @entity0 (32%) had no significant changes of regional cerebral blood flow. Changes of cerebral perfusion correlated with dynamics of cognitive status. Mean measures of immediate verbal memory, delayed memory, and learning decreased after surgery by 25.6 (p = 0.002), 43.3 (p = 0.000003), and 23.1% (p = 0.00000), respectively. Moreover after CABG with @entity4 @entity0 demonstrated slowing of psychomotor speed by 13.6% (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: CABG with @entity4 was associated with reduction of cerebral perfusion leading to @entity1 . Immediate and delayed @entity2 , learning and psychomotor speed were most sensitive to the negative effects of surgery.

title: [Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in XXXX Undergoing Coronary Bypass Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Our initial experience of performing a single-incision laparoscopic-assisted (SILS) colectomy using a "home-made" multichannel port system is presented. Nine @entity0 (5 @entity0 ) with a median age of 67 years (range, 55-72 years) and a median body mass index of 21.2 kg/m(2) (range, 17.8-26.7 kg/m(2)) underwent the SILS colectomy for @entity5 between September 2009 and March 2010. The sites of the @entity1 were the ascending colon (n=2), hepatic flexure (n=1), transverse colon (n=2), and sigmoid colon (n=4). Each trocar was introduced intraperitoneally through each finger of a surgical glove attached to the wound protector, which was applied to a @entity4 made via a   -circular periumbilical incision. If necessary, one to three radial splits were added to the incision. The colon was mobilized intracorporeally, and the vessels were ligated intra- or extracorporeally. All the @entity0 underwent a curative segmental colectomy without conversion to a standard multiport laparoscopy or open surgery. The median operative time and @entity2 were 140 min (range, 135-165 min) and 50 mL (range, 20-225 mL), respectively. The median number of harvested lymph nodes was 18 (range, 6-31). The pathological stages included stage 0 (n=2), stage I (n=6), and stage III (n=1). The median number of postoperative analgesic use was one (range, 0-6). No intra- or @entity3 occurred in this series. Our SILS colectomy procedure seems feasible and safe in selected @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: Single-incision laparoscopic-assisted surgery for XXXX via a periumbilical approach using a surgical glove: initial experience with 9 cases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) plays important roles in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) susceptibility and functional polymorphism in the @entity2 ( @entity4 ) gene has been linked to increased risk of @entity1 . This study aimed to evaluate the role of the @entity2 @entity4 polymorphism in risk of @entity1 (ADC) occurrence and survival in an Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case- control study included 100 histopathologically confirmed @entity1 (ADC) @entity0 and 100 healthy controls. @entity2 ( @entity3 ) was genotyped by AS-PCR to elucidate putative associations with clinical outcomes. The association of the polymorphism with the survival of @entity1 @entity0 was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: It was found that @entity2 61AG heterozygous and GG homozygous genotype is significantly associated with increased risk of @entity1 (ADC) occurrence compared to AA genotype, [OR 2.61 (1.31-5.18) and 3.25 (1.31-8.06), RR 1.51(1.15-2.0) and 1.72 (1.08-2.73) and RD 23.2 (6.90-39.5) and 28.53(7.0-50.1) for heterozygous AG (p=0.005) and homozygous GG (p=0.009)]. @entity0 homozygous for the G allele exhibited a significantly poor overall survival. The median survival time for @entity0 with @entity2 61 AA, AG, and GG genotypes was 10.5, 7.4, and 7.1 months (p=0.02), respectively. @entity1 (ADC) @entity0 with GG + AG exhibited 7.3 months median survival compared to the AA genotype (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that the @entity2 @entity3 genotype may be a novel independent prognostic marker to identify @entity0 at higher risk of occurrence and an unfavourable clinical outcome.

title: Clinical Implication of XXXX @entity3 Polymorphism in the Risk of Non Small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma @entity0 : A Case Control Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) plays important roles in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) susceptibility and functional polymorphism in the @entity2 ( @entity4 ) gene has been linked to increased risk of @entity1 . This study aimed to evaluate the role of the @entity2 @entity4 polymorphism in risk of @entity1 (ADC) occurrence and survival in an Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case- control study included 100 histopathologically confirmed @entity1 (ADC) @entity0 and 100 healthy controls. @entity2 ( @entity3 ) was genotyped by AS-PCR to elucidate putative associations with clinical outcomes. The association of the polymorphism with the survival of @entity1 @entity0 was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: It was found that @entity2 61AG heterozygous and GG homozygous genotype is significantly associated with increased risk of @entity1 (ADC) occurrence compared to AA genotype, [OR 2.61 (1.31-5.18) and 3.25 (1.31-8.06), RR 1.51(1.15-2.0) and 1.72 (1.08-2.73) and RD 23.2 (6.90-39.5) and 28.53(7.0-50.1) for heterozygous AG (p=0.005) and homozygous GG (p=0.009)]. @entity0 homozygous for the G allele exhibited a significantly poor overall survival. The median survival time for @entity0 with @entity2 61 AA, AG, and GG genotypes was 10.5, 7.4, and 7.1 months (p=0.02), respectively. @entity1 (ADC) @entity0 with GG + AG exhibited 7.3 months median survival compared to the AA genotype (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that the @entity2 @entity3 genotype may be a novel independent prognostic marker to identify @entity0 at higher risk of occurrence and an unfavourable clinical outcome.

title: Clinical Implication of @entity2 XXXX Polymorphism in the Risk of Non Small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma @entity0 : A Case Control Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) plays important roles in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) susceptibility and functional polymorphism in the @entity2 ( @entity4 ) gene has been linked to increased risk of @entity1 . This study aimed to evaluate the role of the @entity2 @entity4 polymorphism in risk of @entity1 (ADC) occurrence and survival in an Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case- control study included 100 histopathologically confirmed @entity1 (ADC) @entity0 and 100 healthy controls. @entity2 ( @entity3 ) was genotyped by AS-PCR to elucidate putative associations with clinical outcomes. The association of the polymorphism with the survival of @entity1 @entity0 was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: It was found that @entity2 61AG heterozygous and GG homozygous genotype is significantly associated with increased risk of @entity1 (ADC) occurrence compared to AA genotype, [OR 2.61 (1.31-5.18) and 3.25 (1.31-8.06), RR 1.51(1.15-2.0) and 1.72 (1.08-2.73) and RD 23.2 (6.90-39.5) and 28.53(7.0-50.1) for heterozygous AG (p=0.005) and homozygous GG (p=0.009)]. @entity0 homozygous for the G allele exhibited a significantly poor overall survival. The median survival time for @entity0 with @entity2 61 AA, AG, and GG genotypes was 10.5, 7.4, and 7.1 months (p=0.02), respectively. @entity1 (ADC) @entity0 with GG + AG exhibited 7.3 months median survival compared to the AA genotype (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that the @entity2 @entity3 genotype may be a novel independent prognostic marker to identify @entity0 at higher risk of occurrence and an unfavourable clinical outcome.

title: Clinical Implication of @entity2 @entity3 Polymorphism in the Risk of Non Small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma XXXX : A Case Control Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Bacterial adherence to the urinary catheter is an early step in biofilm formation and the pathogenesis of catheter associated @entity0 . We studied in vitro the effect of @entity2 or @entity5 impregnation of urinary catheters on uropathogen ability to adhere to urinary catheters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied commercially available @entity5 - @entity4 , @entity4 only, @entity2 - @entity4 -hydrogel, @entity4 -hydrogel, @entity2 -latex-hydrogel and latex-hydrogel catheters. Catheters were incubated in sterile broth for 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days, respectively, before inoculation and overnight incubation with @entity1 or @entity3 . RESULTS: Adherence of @entity1 and @entity3 to @entity5 catheters was significantly decreased compared to that of @entity4 -only catheters when catheters were fresh. The anti-adherence effect of @entity5 on @entity1 decreased with time but was still significant at 5 days. For @entity3 the effect of @entity5 was lost by 3 days of pre-incubation. @entity1 adherence was not significantly decreased on @entity2 impregnated catheters compared to that on control catheters of the same base material. @entity2 was associated with a significant decrease in @entity3 adherence to latex-hydrogel catheters but not to @entity4 -hydrogel catheters. The adherence of each species to @entity4 catheters with hydrogel was significantly lower than that to @entity4 -only control catheters. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 impregnation had little effect on bacterial adherence in our model and @entity5 impregnation had a significant effect only for the first 5 days. Our results do not support a role for @entity2 urinary catheters to prevent catheter associated @entity0 by decreasing bacterial adherence.

title: XXXX or @entity5 impregnation of urinary catheters has a minimal effect on uropathogen adherence.

answer: @entity2