abstract: Opercular epithelial cells of @entity2 were investigated using conventional microelectrodes. The area of interest was the cells lining the inside of the opercular epithelium closest to the gill arches, an area with a high density of @entity0 cells. Only one cell type could be discerned from the values of 60 opercular cells measured with the opercular epithelium in open circuit conditions. A mean apical voltage of -18.0 +/- 0.6 mV was observed with intracellular values ranging from -10 to -30 mV. The predicted intracellular @entity0 content was 59 mM/liter. Apical fractional resistance (faR) was 0.78 +/- 0.02. The intracellular potential measurements were typically difficult to maintain for extended periods (longer than 3 min). The opercular cells depolarize with serosal @entity1 treatment (10(-6) M) corresponding to the increase in opercular transepithelial potential. The opercular cell apical fR decreased with @entity1 treatment. These data indicate the observed opercular cells were involved in opercular @entity0 transport.

title: Intracellular voltage recordings in the opercular epithelium of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Insomnia is one of the most common complaints at worksites, as well as in the general population. This study aims to assess the effect of @entity1 on the development of @entity2 in Japanese male workers. Using the annual health examination database of a Japanese telecommunication company, eligible middle-aged male @entity0 in the 1994 health examination were followed up until 1998 or the development of @entity2 (either initiation of antihypertensive therapy or a systolic blood pressure > or = 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mmHg). The effect of difficulty initiating sleep (DIS) was assessed with a DIS dataset (n=4,794), which included non-DIS (n=4,602) and persistent-DIS (n=192) subjects. That of difficulty maintaining sleep ( @entity4 ) was assessed with a @entity4 dataset (n=4,443), which included non- @entity4 (n=4,157) and persistent- @entity4 (n=286) subjects. The incidence of @entity2 among persistent-DIS (40.1%; 130.7 per 1,000 @entity0 -yr) was significantly higher than that among non-DIS (30.6%; 89.9 per 1,000 @entity0 -yr). The incidence of @entity2 among persistent- @entity4 (42.3%; 136.7 per 1,000 @entity0 -yr) was significantly higher than that among non- @entity4 (30.7%; 90.8 per 1,000 @entity0 -yr). After adjusting for potential confounding factors (i.e. age, body mass index, smoking, @entity3 drinking, and job stress), persistent complaints of DIS and @entity4 were significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity2 (OR=1.96; 95%CI: 1.42-2.70 and OR=1.88; 95%CI: 1.45-2.45, respectively). Persistent @entity1 may be a useful predictor of @entity2 in Japanese male workers.

title: Persistent @entity1 is a predictor of XXXX in Japanese male workers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Insomnia is one of the most common complaints at worksites, as well as in the general population. This study aims to assess the effect of @entity1 on the development of @entity2 in Japanese male workers. Using the annual health examination database of a Japanese telecommunication company, eligible middle-aged male @entity0 in the 1994 health examination were followed up until 1998 or the development of @entity2 (either initiation of antihypertensive therapy or a systolic blood pressure > or = 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mmHg). The effect of difficulty initiating sleep (DIS) was assessed with a DIS dataset (n=4,794), which included non-DIS (n=4,602) and persistent-DIS (n=192) subjects. That of difficulty maintaining sleep ( @entity4 ) was assessed with a @entity4 dataset (n=4,443), which included non- @entity4 (n=4,157) and persistent- @entity4 (n=286) subjects. The incidence of @entity2 among persistent-DIS (40.1%; 130.7 per 1,000 @entity0 -yr) was significantly higher than that among non-DIS (30.6%; 89.9 per 1,000 @entity0 -yr). The incidence of @entity2 among persistent- @entity4 (42.3%; 136.7 per 1,000 @entity0 -yr) was significantly higher than that among non- @entity4 (30.7%; 90.8 per 1,000 @entity0 -yr). After adjusting for potential confounding factors (i.e. age, body mass index, smoking, @entity3 drinking, and job stress), persistent complaints of DIS and @entity4 were significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity2 (OR=1.96; 95%CI: 1.42-2.70 and OR=1.88; 95%CI: 1.45-2.45, respectively). Persistent @entity1 may be a useful predictor of @entity2 in Japanese male workers.

title: Persistent XXXX is a predictor of @entity2 in Japanese male workers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the epidemiology of @entity4 hospitalized in Emergency Departments. Most of the studies concerning digestive @entity5 have been carried out by Gastroenterology Departments. This multicentre study included consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 hospitalized after an initial management at Emergency Departments in France, to describe the initial medical management and to determine the causes of @entity4 . We also studied the relationship between the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or @entity3 and the occurrence of an @entity4 by a case-control comparison. RESULTS: A total of 180 @entity0 (112 @entity0 , 59+/-18 years) were included during 23 days, and 353 controls (222 @entity0 , 57+/-13 years) were selected at the same time. The delay between the first clinical signs of @entity4 and arrival at the Emergency Department was 33+/-42 h, and endoscopy was performed 14+/-16 h after admission to the Emergency Department. Sixty-six percent of @entity0 with @entity1 could benefit from a specific vasoactive treatment. Endoscopy was performed in 160 @entity0 . Bleeding was caused by @entity6 and @entity7 in 88 @entity0 (49%) and portal @entity2 in 59 (32%). The relationship between the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or @entity3 and @entity4 was confirmed, odds ratio, (OR) 1.69 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-2.33], but not among cirrhotic @entity0 , odds ratio 1.12 (95% CI 0.65-1.86). CONCLUSION: Hospitalized @entity4 in Emergency Departments in France is more often caused by @entity1 than in other countries. Decreasing the delay between the first signs of @entity5 and arrival at the Emergency Department is the main challenge in the management of @entity4 .

title: XXXX in Emergency Departments in France: causes and management.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 and the presence of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) within aminergic nuclei were examined in a series of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Neuromelanin-containing neurons within the locus ceruleus and large nucleolus-containing neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus and the central superior (raphe) nucleus were counted in 25 @entity0 with @entity1 and in 12 age-matched control subjects. Numbers of @entity5 were quantified in the same regions. Counts were compared with clinical data, including psychiatric evaluations, available for 21 of the @entity0 with @entity1 . Within the locus ceruleus in the @entity0 with @entity1 were more severe at mid level than at caudal or rostral levels (p less than 0.01). Within the dorsal raphe nucleus, @entity4 was most severe caudally (p less than 0.05). @entity5 , but not @entity4 , were demonstrated within the central superior nucleus. Neuronal and NFT counts did not correlate at individual levels; the relative severity of both pathological processes was consistent from level to level within nuclei but was less consistent between nuclei. @entity4 correlated inversely with age, particularly within the locus ceruleus. Duration of disease correlated inversely with counts of @entity5 , particularly within the dorsal raphe nucleus, implying a correlation between NFT counts and rate of progression of disease as all but 3 @entity0 had severe @entity2 . Significantly, @entity0 with @entity1 complicated by major @entity3 had fewer neurons at the mid level of the locus ceruleus and at the rostral level of the central superior nucleus in comparison with nondepressed @entity0 . There was a trend suggesting greater loss of neurons at all levels of the locus ceruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus in depressed individuals.

title: The neuropathology of aminergic nuclei in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The most common causes of end @entity4 in 46 @entity0 (mean age 11 years, range 4-14) treated between January 1972 and June 1977 were: reflux @entity2 (n = 12), @entity6 (n = 7), focal and segmental @entity5 (n = 6), and Sch  nlein-Henoch disease (n = 5). The quality of life, degree of renal function, and height attainment of the 31 survivors were assessed in June 1985, when their mean age was 22 years (range 14-27), using hospital records and a questionnaire designed to highlight social and psychological problems. Twenty six @entity0 had a functioning transplanted kidney. Average growth during treatment for all survivors was normal, but most were disappointed with their 'final height'. Though five @entity0 had some form of disabling @entity3 , all 31 could walk and 27 could run. Sixteen (67%) were in full or part time employment and nine were living independently. A group of 32 @entity0 with juvenile onset @entity1 treated at this hospital for at least five years were also asked to complete the questionnaire and of these, 17 responded. On average, their data could usefully be compared with those of cases of end @entity4 . More of the @entity1 had jobs, but most sexually mature @entity0 with @entity2 were concerned about their physical appearance and had not achieved any stable long term sexual relationships. We suggest that a poor body image resulting in low self esteem may be responsible for the deficiency and believe that further study in this group is warranted.

title: Long term outcome of treatment of end XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the screw sliding characteristics and biomechanical stability of four-part intertrochanteric @entity1 stabilized with an intramedullary nail using either one large-diameter lag screw (intramedullary hip screw [IMHS]; Smith _ Nephew, Memphis, @entity3 ) or two small-diameter lag screws (trochanteric antegrade nail [ @entity4 ]; Smith _ Nephew, Memphis, @entity3 ). DESIGN: Laboratory investigation using eight matched pairs of cadaveric @entity0 femurs with simulated, unstable intertrochanteric @entity1 . INTERVENTION: One femur of each matched pair was stabilized with an IMHS intramedullary nail, and the other was stabilized with a @entity4 intramedullary nail. Femurs were statically, then cyclically loaded on a servohydraulic materials testing machine. Finally, all specimens were loaded to failure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Screw sliding and inferior and lateral head displacements were measured for applied static loads from 500N to 1250N. The same measurements were obtained before and after cyclically loading the specimens at 1250N. Ultimate failure strength of the implant constructs also was determined. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the @entity4 and IMHS in static or cyclical loading with respect to screw sliding or inferior and lateral head displacements. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.02) in failure strength, with the IMHS construct failing at an average of 2162N and the @entity4 construct failing at an average of 3238N. CONCLUSION: The two constructs showed equivalent @entity2 and stability in all parameters assessed in elastic and cyclical tests. The @entity4 had a greater ultimate failure load.

title: Intramedullary fixation of unstable intertrochanteric XXXX : one or two lag screws.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have examined the role of @entity3 , @entity0 and interferon-alpha in the generation of natural cytotoxic (NC) activity and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures stimulated with @entity2 virus, using the immunosuppressive effects of @entity1 . In addition to an inhibitory effect on the generation of CTL activity, @entity1 also inhibited the generation of NC activity in a similar dose-and time-dependent manner. @entity1 suppressed the production of @entity0 when it was added on the first day of culture of PBL with @entity2 virus. Levels of interferon-alpha were not affected. The effects of @entity1 on the generation of NC activity and CTL activity in kinetic terms were not paralleled by the effects on interferon-alpha and @entity0 production. The diminished generation of NC activity could be reversed by the addition of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), but @entity0 had little if any restorative effects. Interferon-alpha had no effect. These findings support the hypothesis that @entity3 is the major inducer of NC activity in CTL generation cultures. The inhibitory effect on CTL generation could only be reversed by @entity3 and not by interferon-alpha- and @entity0 . Thus, in the absence of @entity3 , interferon-alpha and @entity0 cannot support the generation of CTL activity or the concomitantly induced NC activity.

title: Role of XXXX and interferon in the generation of natural cytotoxic activity in @entity2 virus-stimulated PBL cultures: analysis with the use of @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have examined the role of @entity3 , @entity0 and interferon-alpha in the generation of natural cytotoxic (NC) activity and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures stimulated with @entity2 virus, using the immunosuppressive effects of @entity1 . In addition to an inhibitory effect on the generation of CTL activity, @entity1 also inhibited the generation of NC activity in a similar dose-and time-dependent manner. @entity1 suppressed the production of @entity0 when it was added on the first day of culture of PBL with @entity2 virus. Levels of interferon-alpha were not affected. The effects of @entity1 on the generation of NC activity and CTL activity in kinetic terms were not paralleled by the effects on interferon-alpha and @entity0 production. The diminished generation of NC activity could be reversed by the addition of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), but @entity0 had little if any restorative effects. Interferon-alpha had no effect. These findings support the hypothesis that @entity3 is the major inducer of NC activity in CTL generation cultures. The inhibitory effect on CTL generation could only be reversed by @entity3 and not by interferon-alpha- and @entity0 . Thus, in the absence of @entity3 , interferon-alpha and @entity0 cannot support the generation of CTL activity or the concomitantly induced NC activity.

title: Role of @entity3 and interferon in the generation of natural cytotoxic activity in @entity2 virus-stimulated PBL cultures: analysis with the use of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have examined the role of @entity3 , @entity0 and interferon-alpha in the generation of natural cytotoxic (NC) activity and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures stimulated with @entity2 virus, using the immunosuppressive effects of @entity1 . In addition to an inhibitory effect on the generation of CTL activity, @entity1 also inhibited the generation of NC activity in a similar dose-and time-dependent manner. @entity1 suppressed the production of @entity0 when it was added on the first day of culture of PBL with @entity2 virus. Levels of interferon-alpha were not affected. The effects of @entity1 on the generation of NC activity and CTL activity in kinetic terms were not paralleled by the effects on interferon-alpha and @entity0 production. The diminished generation of NC activity could be reversed by the addition of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), but @entity0 had little if any restorative effects. Interferon-alpha had no effect. These findings support the hypothesis that @entity3 is the major inducer of NC activity in CTL generation cultures. The inhibitory effect on CTL generation could only be reversed by @entity3 and not by interferon-alpha- and @entity0 . Thus, in the absence of @entity3 , interferon-alpha and @entity0 cannot support the generation of CTL activity or the concomitantly induced NC activity.

title: Role of @entity3 and interferon in the generation of natural cytotoxic activity in XXXX virus-stimulated PBL cultures: analysis with the use of @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Compliance in @entity1 self-management is a complex issue. It involves the interdependent daily actions of self-measurement of blood @entity2 and adherence to a prescribed schedule of daily activities. This impacts strongly on lifestyle because it necessitates precise meal timing as well as control of size and @entity3 content. We sought to identify how strongly relaxing the lifestyle constraints per se would impact the ability to achieve improved metabolic control. To isolate these effects from those that result from poor measurement compliance, we used a computer simulator called OMNI et al. Furthermore, to standardize the "clinical" therapy, a second microprocessor device called an " @entity4 Dosage Computer" was used to adjust @entity4 doses based on the usual clinical practice of four times a day precibal blood @entity2 measurements. Ten type 1 @entity1 @entity0 were stimulated and each followed for 120 simulated days. In each such subject, the simulation was repeated three times to include three different levels of lifestyle compliance ranging from excellent to poor. In all three protocols, starting from a level of poor control of @entity1 , mean blood @entity2 values were significantly improved without significant differences after 120 days of computer-simulated treatment. Only the standard deviations, expressing the fluctuations of blood @entity2 and hence its stability, increased with decreasing lifestyle compliance. This computer simulation predicts that consistent self-monitoring of four blood @entity2 values per day is the cornerstone of @entity1 self-control and that the use of these data according to a standardized therapeutic algorithm for @entity4 adjustment may successfully stabilize even @entity0 with poor lifestyle compliance. Clinical studies must follow.

title: Compliance in microcomputer-assisted conventional XXXX therapy: computer simulation study results.

answer: @entity4


abstract: One hundred and thirteen @entity0 (59 @entity0 and 54 @entity0 aged from 2 to 16 years) with end @entity2 entered the renal dialysis and transplantation programme between 1972 and 1983. They were followed up until December 1985. Ninety eight @entity0 were initially treated by haemodialysis in hospital and 15 by renal transplantation. The average wait on dialysis was seven months (range 0.1-43 months). One hundred and six @entity0 were given 129 renal transplants, 32 of which were from living related donors. At the end of 1985 94 of the 113 @entity0 (83%) were alive, 81 (72%) with functioning grafts, 11 (10%) were receiving haemodialysis in hospital, two (1%) were being treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and three had been lost to follow up. The 14 years actuarial survival was 81%. Four @entity0 receiving dialysis and 12 who had received transplants died, a mortality of 14%. The main complications of treatment were retardation of growth in 49 (43%), @entity1 in 75 (66%), and osteopathy in 36 (32%). Retardation of growth could not be reversed by successful renal transplantation. Seventy two @entity0 (88%) assessed their health as good to excellent, and 9 (12%) as poor. @entity0 with a functioning graft did much better than those receiving dialysis. Treatment of end @entity2 led to full rehabilitation in most @entity0 , and renal transplantation was more effective than dialysis.

title: End XXXX : 14 years' experience of dialysis and renal transplantation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a progressive, @entity1 characterized by @entity7 in the cerebral neuropil and vasculature. These @entity7 comprise predominantly fragments and full-length (40 or 42 residue) forms of the amyloid beta-protein ( @entity6 ) organized into fibrillar assemblies. Compelling evidence indicates that factors that increase overall @entity6 production or the ratio of longer to shorter forms, or which facilitate deposition or inhibit elimination of @entity7 , cause @entity3 or are risk factors for the disease. In vitro studies have demonstrated that fibrillar @entity6 has potent @entity11 effects on cultured neurons. In vivo experiments in non- @entity0 primates have demonstrated that @entity6 fibrils directly cause pathologic changes, including tau hyperphosphorylation. In concert with histologic studies revealing a lack of tissue injury in areas of the neuropil in which non-fibrillar deposits were found, these data suggested that fibril assembly was a prerequisite for @entity6 -mediated @entity11 in vivo. Recently, however, both in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that soluble, oligomeric forms of @entity6 also have potent @entity11 activities, and in fact, may be the proximate effectors of the @entity8 and @entity4 occurring in @entity3 . A paradigm shift is thus emerging that necessitates the reevaluation of the relative importance of polymeric (fibrillar) vs. oligomeric assemblies in the pathobiology of @entity3 . In addition to @entity3 , an increasing number of @entity1 , including @entity2 , familial British @entity5 , @entity12 , @entity9 , and @entity10 , are associated with abnormal protein assembly processes. The archetypal features of the assembly-dependent neuropathogenetic effects of @entity6 may thus be of relevance not only to @entity3 but to these other disorders as well.

title: Paradigm shifts in @entity3 and other XXXX : the emerging role of oligomeric assemblies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a progressive, @entity1 characterized by @entity7 in the cerebral neuropil and vasculature. These @entity7 comprise predominantly fragments and full-length (40 or 42 residue) forms of the amyloid beta-protein ( @entity6 ) organized into fibrillar assemblies. Compelling evidence indicates that factors that increase overall @entity6 production or the ratio of longer to shorter forms, or which facilitate deposition or inhibit elimination of @entity7 , cause @entity3 or are risk factors for the disease. In vitro studies have demonstrated that fibrillar @entity6 has potent @entity11 effects on cultured neurons. In vivo experiments in non- @entity0 primates have demonstrated that @entity6 fibrils directly cause pathologic changes, including tau hyperphosphorylation. In concert with histologic studies revealing a lack of tissue injury in areas of the neuropil in which non-fibrillar deposits were found, these data suggested that fibril assembly was a prerequisite for @entity6 -mediated @entity11 in vivo. Recently, however, both in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that soluble, oligomeric forms of @entity6 also have potent @entity11 activities, and in fact, may be the proximate effectors of the @entity8 and @entity4 occurring in @entity3 . A paradigm shift is thus emerging that necessitates the reevaluation of the relative importance of polymeric (fibrillar) vs. oligomeric assemblies in the pathobiology of @entity3 . In addition to @entity3 , an increasing number of @entity1 , including @entity2 , familial British @entity5 , @entity12 , @entity9 , and @entity10 , are associated with abnormal protein assembly processes. The archetypal features of the assembly-dependent neuropathogenetic effects of @entity6 may thus be of relevance not only to @entity3 but to these other disorders as well.

title: Paradigm shifts in XXXX and other @entity1 : the emerging role of oligomeric assemblies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To describe an alternative treatment approach for @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Weakness of the hip, pelvis, and trunk musculature has been hypothesized to influence lower-limb alignment and contribute to @entity1 . Two @entity0 who had a chief complaint of @entity1 and demonstrated lack of control of the hip in the frontal and transverse planes during functional movements were treated with an exercise program targeting the hip, pelvis, and trunk musculature. METHODS AND MEASURES: The @entity0 presented in these 2 case reports did not exhibit obvious @entity2 or tracking problems; however, on qualitative assessment, both demonstrated excessive hip adduction, internal rotation, and knee valgus during gait and while performing a step-down maneuver. In addition, both @entity0 exhibited weakness of the hip abductors, extensors, and external rotators, as demonstrated by hand-held dynamometry testing. Treatment in both cases occurred over a 14-week period and focused on recruitment and endurance training of the hip, pelvis, and trunk musculature. Functional status, @entity1 , muscle force production, as well as subjective and objective assessment of lower-extremity kinematics during gait and a step-down maneuver were assessed preintervention and postintervention. RESULTS: Both @entity0 experienced a significant @entity1 , improved lower-extremity kinematics during dynamic testing, and were able to return to their original levels of function. Gluteus medius force production improved by 50% in @entity0 A and 90% in @entity0 B, while gluteus maximus force production improved 55% in @entity0 A and 110% in @entity0 B. Objective kinematic improvements in the step-down task also were demonstrated in @entity0 A. CONCLUSION: Assessment and treatment of the hip, pelvis, and trunk musculature should be considered in the rehabilitation of @entity0 who present with @entity1 and demonstrate abnormal lower-extremity kinematics.

title: Management of XXXX targeting hip, pelvis, and trunk muscle function: 2 case reports.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Thirty-five @entity0 with superficial transitional @entity3 were treated intravesically with escalating doses of recombinant alpha-2-interferon administered weekly for 8 weeks. Of the 19 @entity0 with high-grade intraepithelial @entity1 (17 @entity5 [ @entity5 ], two severe @entity4 , all cytology positive), six (32%) had complete resolution of all histologic and cytologic evidence of disease (complete response). An additional three @entity0 (16%) had complete resolution of @entity5 , but the interval appearance of a low-grade transitional cell @entity1 . Five (26%) had a partial response (complete resolution of all evidence of @entity5 on multiple bladder biopsies but persistently positive cytologic preparations). Sixteen @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 and extensive prior therapy were also treated. Four (25%) had a complete response. Twenty-three of the 35 @entity0 had prior intravesical therapy. Seven of the 23 (30%) @entity0 with prior intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy had a complete or partial response to interferon, while eight of the 12 @entity0 (67%) without prior intravesical treatment responded. These responses were achieved with minimal local and systemic @entity2 . Of the ten complete responders, five remain in continuous unmaintained remission for 18+ to 37+ months. Intracavitary alpha-2-interferon is an effective new treatment for some @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Alpha-interferon in superficial XXXX : a Northern California Oncology Group Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The purpose of this multicenter study was to assess the long-term outcome of endovascular treatment of isolated @entity4 of the infrarenal abdominal aorta on the basis of clinical and ultrasound examination. Clinical, ultrasound, and angiographic findings from 36 @entity0 and 50 @entity0 (mean age, 53.2 years) treated for @entity4 of the infrarenal abdominal aorta were reviewed. @entity0 had @entity3 in 74 cases and @entity1 in 4. Seven @entity0 presented trophic manifestations and one had @entity9 . Mean preoperative systolic index was 0.71. Mean diameter reduction was 77%. Circumferential calcification was partial in 36 cases (41%) and complete in 30 cases (35%). Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed using the single-balloon technique in 60 cases and double-balloon technique in 26 cases. A stent was placed in 76 cases (88%) by necessity in 34% of cases (22 residual stenoses, 4 dissections). Completion angiographic findings were considered good in 82 cases (95%). The remaining four @entity0 had residual stenosis with a diameter reduction >30%. One @entity0 died during the immediate postoperative period from septicemia unrelated to treatment (early mortality, 1.2%). Aortic angioplasty was complicated by stent detachment from the angioplasty balloon in two @entity0 , retroperitoneal @entity5 in one, @entity6 in two, puncture-site @entity5 in three, @entity2 in one, and @entity7 of deep femoral artery in one @entity0 (early morbidity, 9.3%). All @entity0 underwent follow-up with clinical and hemodynamic evaluation (mean follow-up, 31 months). Actuarial survival at 3 years was 91%. Primary actuarial patency was 94% at 1 year, 89% at 3 years, and 77% at 5 years. @entity8 occurred in seven @entity0 and was treated by angioplasty in two, aortobifemoral bypass in four, and surveillance in one. Mean systolic index was 0.89. Statistical analysis of patency demonstrated no factor predictive of long-term complication. From the long-term follow-up findings in this study, we conclude that aortic angioplasty is a reliable minimally invasive technique for treatment of isolated @entity4 of the infrarenal abdominal aorta.

title: Endovascular treatment of isolated XXXX of the infrarenal abdominal aorta: long-term outcome.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 with @entity1 in limbs who undergo surgical treatment may present involvement of major vessels. The artery must be reconstructed for limb salvage and the vein may be reconstructed to avoid the onset of @entity4 . The objective of this study was to analyze the results from surgical treatment of @entity1 associated with vascular reconstruction in limbs. A prospective follow-up was made of 17 @entity0 with @entity1 involving major vessels in limbs who underwent vascular reconstruction. Arterial and venous reconstructions were performed in nine @entity0 , arterial reconstruction was performed in six, and venous reconstruction in two @entity0 . The vascular substitutes used were greater saphenous vein (19), expanded @entity7 prosthesis (5), and Dacron prosthesis (2). @entity6 occurred in seven @entity0 : one arterial graft rupture, three venous graft occlusions, and @entity8 in five @entity0 . The following nonvascular complications occurred in 10 @entity0 : pulmonary metastasis (7), local recurrence (2), @entity3 (2), infection (2), partial @entity2 of the flap (1), and enteric @entity5 (1). Six @entity0 with pulmonary metastasis died. One @entity0 underwent transfemoral amputation. Major vessel reconstruction in limbs associated with resection of @entity1 is a safe procedure. Venous revascularization should be performed using an autologous substitute.

title: Vascular reconstruction in limbs associated with resection of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cell cycle is driven by a number of positive and negative regulatory phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events that ultimately influence the activity of transcription factors. Normal skin architecture depends on the regulation mechanisms of cell proliferation and differentiation and on apoptosis. Complex interaction of different factors in the regulation of these mechanisms, aimed at maintaining constant desquamation, is often changed in @entity3 . The main difference between normal cells and @entity1 cells results from discrete changes in specific genes important for cell proliferation control mechanisms and tissue homeostasis. These genes are mainly proto-oncogenes or @entity1 -suppressor genes, and their mutation could play a role in cell hyperproliferation and @entity2 . Tumor-suppressor genes normally function as a physiological barrier against clonal expansion or mutation accumulation in the genome. They also control and arrest growth of the cells that hyperproliferate due to oncogene activity. Alteration or DNA damage in @entity1 -suppressor genes and oncogenes are considered key events in @entity0 @entity2 . Tumor-suppressor protein @entity4 is an important transcription factor, which plays a central role in the cell cycle regulation mechanisms and cell proliferation control, and its inactivation is considered a key event in @entity0 @entity2 . The role of @entity4 protein in the cell cycle, high proportion of @entity1 with mutated @entity4 gene, and accumulation of significant amount of knowledge on molecular biology of this protein make this molecule especially attractive for development of new therapeutic approaches. Main strategies for development of new antineoplastic therapies are based on "wild-type" @entity4 protein acting as a @entity1 suppressor, selective apoptosis inductor, and a protein able to arrest cell cycle.

title: Protein XXXX --structure, function, and possible therapeutic implications.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sublingual administration of allergens is a safe and effective alternative to subcutaneous immunotherapy in @entity0 with @entity4 . A drawback to this therapeutic approach is the relatively long and complex management of the induction phase. AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine whether different induction regimens affect the outcome of sublingual immunotherapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Adult and pediatric @entity0 with @entity1 and/or @entity2 were included in the study. Ten subjects served as controls and received symptomatic treatments. Forty-three subjects were allocated to sublingual immunotherapy, with three different induction protocols (8-, 15- and 20-day, respectively). Symptom and medication scores, skin test results and (in @entity3 @entity0 ) FEV1 values were monitored for two years. Adverse effects were recorded. All induction regimens produced a significant improvement in symptom and medication usage (p < 0.0001); skin test scores decreased (p < 0.0001) and FEV1 improved (p < 0.05). In contrast, symptom and skin test scores did not significantly change in controls. No relevant adverse effects were observed with any of the induction regimens. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity0 with @entity4 , sublingual immunotherapy with an 8-day induction protocol is safe and effective. Our results encourage the usage of shorter induction regimens, which produce better compliance with this therapy.

title: The efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy for XXXX is not affected by different dosage regimens in the induction phase.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity6 include a broad range of @entity1 derived from the T cells and B cells and their precursors in the lymphoid system. Although they are not among the most common @entity1 , the @entity3 have engendered a great deal of interest among researchers because of their interesting biology and responsiveness to therapy. The @entity6 include at least ten major subtypes of diseases with different morphologic characteristics and clinical behavior. Based upon survival characteristics, it is convenient to divide the @entity3 into three broad categories, low grade, intermediate grade, and high grade. The low @entity3 usually arise in middle age or older individuals (median age, 55 years). They are derived from B cells and often have a follicular architectural pattern. They usually present with advanced stages of disease, often by virtue of bone marrow involvement. Nevertheless, @entity0 are usually asymptomatic and may even have spontaneous regressions of disease. These @entity3 are responsive to a broad range of therapies including irradiation, single agent or multi-agent chemotherapy, or combined modality therapy. They are also affected by treatment with biologicals such as alpha interferon and monoclonal antibodies. Unfortunately, response to any of these therapies is often transient and relapse is common. The intermediate @entity3 include the common large cell @entity3 (follicular or diffuse) and @entity6 . The @entity3 , together with the high grade @entity3 , are often grouped together for the development of management strategies. These @entity3 may be derived from B cells or T cells. They occur over a broader age range than the low @entity3 and they are much more @entity2 in their natural behavior. Effective treatment programs have been developed for both limited and advanced clinical stages of disease. In limited disease, moderately intensive chemotherapy is often combined with involved field irradiation. In @entity1 , more @entity2 combination chemotherapy programs are usually employed. From 40% to 80% of @entity0 may be cured with these approaches, depending upon the initial extent of disease. Two types of high grade @entity5 and small noncleaved cell are particularly @entity2 in their behavior. @entity5 is a @entity4 that often arises in adolescent males and presents with a large mediastinal mass, marrow, and CNS involvement. It closely resembles @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and similarly intensive chemotherapy programs as are utilized in @entity5 may be successful in its management.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The XXXX : pathology, staging, treatment.

answer: @entity6


abstract: For the first time, @entity6 ( @entity5 ) was used to determine nucleic acids with a light scattering technique using a common spectrofluorometer. The interaction of @entity5 with DNA results in greatly enhanced intensity of light scattering at 300 nm, which is caused by the formation of the big particles between DNA and @entity5 . Based on this, a new quantitative method for nucleic acid determination in aqueous solutions has been developed. Under the optimum conditions, the enhanced intensity of light scattering is proportional to the concentration of nucleic acid in the range of 0.01-10.0 microg ml(-1) for herring sperm DNA (hsDNA), 0.02-10.0 microg ml(-1) for @entity0 thymus DNA (ctDNA), 0.02-20.0 microg ml(-1) for @entity1 RNA (yRNA). The detection limits are 5.3, 9.9, and 13.7 ng ml(-1), respectively. Synthetic samples were determined satisfactorily. At the same time, the light scattering technique has been successfully used to obtain the information on the effects of pH and ionic strength on the formation and the stability of the DNA/ @entity5 complex, which is important in some fields such as genetic engineering and gene transfer. Using @entity4 (EB) as a fluorescent probe, the binding of @entity5 with hsDNA was studied. Both the binding constant of EB with DNA and the number of binding sites per @entity2 decrease with increasing concentration of @entity5 , indicating noncompetitive inhibition of EB binding to DNA in the presence of @entity5 . And the association constant of @entity5 to DNA obtained is 1.2 x 10(5) M(-1). IR-spectra show that @entity5 interacts with DNA through both the @entity3 groups and the bases of DNA and the formation of DNA/ @entity5 complex may cause the change of the conformation of the DNA secondary structure, which is also proved by UV-spectra.

title: The interaction of XXXX with nucleic acids and its use in determination of nucleic acids based on light scattering.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The natural history of @entity2 and the surgical risks are modified by several factors including size, location, and presence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The main @entity5 arises because the backgrounds of the past reports describing the natural history or the surgical complication of @entity2 were different. The present study aimed to adjust the backgrounds and investigate the surgical indication with close monitoring of both surgically treated and untreated @entity2 . METHODS: In the past 9 years, 201 @entity0 who had unruptured anterior circulation @entity3 were monitored. The decision of the operation was not randomized. The @entity0 were divided into three subgroups by the size of the @entity3 (small group: below 5 mm, medium group: between 5 and 15 mm, large group: over 15 mm). In both surgically untreated and treated @entity0 , overall mortality and morbidity corresponding to Rankin score II or worse was counted as @entity3 related event. The ratio of event free was compared between surgically treated and untreated @entity0 using Log-rank test. RESULTS: In untreated @entity0 , @entity4 was noted in 1 in the small group and 4 in the medium group. The annual @entity1 rate of the medium group was 12 times higher than that of the small group. In surgically treated @entity0 , overall mortality and morbidity of the surgery was 2.3% in the small group, 3.6% in the medium group, and 20% in the large group. One surgically treated @entity0 had @entity4 because of regrowth of @entity3 . When ratio of event free was compared, no significant advantage of surgery was noted in the small group and in all of the @entity0 . However, the benefit of surgery was significant in the medium group (Log-rank p = 0.0189). CONCLUSIONS: The present results indicated that prophylactic surgery has a benefit for the medium-size @entity3 (5-15 mm) of the anterior circulation. For large @entity3 , individual investigation is necessary because of the variety of surgical difficulties, and the complex symptoms because of @entity1 and the mass effect as well as @entity6 . In small @entity3 , careful observation may be a reasonable choice unless the @entity3 is at a specially high risk of @entity1 .

title: Investigation of the surgically treated and untreated XXXX of the anterior circulation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 channel blocking drugs are a chemically heterogenous group, so it might be expected that their effects on vascular smooth muscle, cardiac contractility, and conduction tissue may differ. However, the majority of adverse reactions are predictable from their pharmacological actions and may be conveniently grouped in the following categories: 1) vasodilatation, 2) negative inotropic effects, 3) conduction disturbances, 4) gastrointestinal effects, 5) metabolic effects, and 6) drug interactions. Vasodilatory symptoms, namely, @entity12 , @entity3 , @entity13 , and palpitation, are more likely with @entity8 . @entity1 is also common with @entity8 , but the mechanism is uncertain. For a given degree of vasodilation, the greatest negative inotropic effect is seen with @entity14 first, @entity15 second, and @entity8 last. @entity7 channel blocking drugs are contraindicated in @entity4 @entity0 with second and third degree @entity9 , and severe @entity10 . @entity14 and @entity15 have a significant effect on cardiac conduction, whereas @entity8 , in therapeutic doses, does not. @entity5 , such as @entity6 and @entity11 , are common with @entity14 . None of the @entity7 channel blocking drugs have been reported to adversely affect lipid or protein metabolism. However, @entity8 , @entity14 , and @entity15 in high doses may inhibit liberation of insulin. The significance of this finding needs to be explored further in @entity4 @entity2 . Serum digoxin levels have been shown to increase after administration of @entity14 and @entity8 , but there is no evidence that this change has any clinical relevance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Side effects of XXXX channel blockers.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity5 has been characterized as the most efficient @entity0 omega-hydroxylase catalyzing the formation of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), a potent constrictor of the renal and cerebral microcirculation and a mitogen for smooth muscle cells. We constructed adenoviruses expressing the @entity5 cDNA or LacZ under the control of the smooth muscle cell-specific promoter @entity2 (Ad-SM22-4A1 and Ad-SM22-nLacZ, respectively). Beta-galactosidase expression was detected in Ad-SM22-nLacZ-transduced vascular smooth muscle A7r5 and PAC1 cells, but not in Ad-SM22-nLacZ-transduced 3T3 fibroblasts or vascular endothelial cells. Likewise, @entity5 mRNA and protein were detected in Ad-SM22-4A1-transduced A7r5 and PAC1 cells. Ad-SM22-4A1-transduced A7r5 cells metabolized @entity3 to @entity6 at a rate 5 times greater than that of cells transduced with Ad-SM22-nLacZ (4.79+/-1.77 versus 0.97+/-0.57 nmol @entity6 /10(6) cells per h). Smooth muscle-specific LacZ expression was also detected in microdissected renal interlobar arteries transduced with Ad-SM22-nLacZ. Arteries transduced with Ad-SM22-4A1 produced higher levels of @entity1 (4.04+/-0.29 and 13.43+/-2.84 ng/mg protein in Ad-SM22-nLacZ-transduced and Ad-SM22-4A1-transduced arteries, respectively) and demonstrated a marked angiogenic activity measured as the total length of sprouting neovessels (12.63+/-3.66 mm in Ad-SM22-4A1-transduced vessels versus 1.79+/-0.89 mm in Ad-SM22-nLacZ-transduced vessels). This angiogenic activity represented endothelial cell sprouting and was fully blocked by treatment with @entity4 , a selective inhibitor of CYP4A-catalyzed reactions. The inhibitory effect of @entity4 was reversed by addition of a @entity1 agonist. We conclude that Ad-SM22-4A1 drives a smooth muscle-specific functional expression of @entity5 and demonstrates increased angiogenesis, presumably via increased production of @entity1 .

title: Smooth muscle--specific expression of XXXX induces endothelial sprouting in renal arterial microvessels.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Fifty-eight laparotomy-staged I and II @entity0 with upper torso presentations of @entity2 and 8 @entity0 with lymphangiogram-staged @entity1 were treated with radiotherapy alone or with 2 cycles of MOPP and radiotherapy. @entity0 with @entity1 with either no mediastinal or only small mediastinal disease without hilar involvement and with no "B" symptoms were treated with mantle radiotherapy alone. @entity0 with large mediastinal masses or hilar disease were treated with 2 cycles of MOPP followed by @entity3 and low dose lung irradiation. Those for whom "B" symptoms were the only adverse prognostic feature received 2 cycles of MOPP and mantle radiotherapy. @entity0 with @entity1 were treated with radiotherapy alone if the disease was limited to the pelvis. Those with more extensive disease received 2 cycles of MOPP prior to radiotherapy. The 4-year survival for all 66 @entity0 was 97%. The corresponding disease-free and freedom from second relapse figures were 77% and 92%. Survival for the @entity0 with unfavorable presentations who received 2 cycles of MOPP and radiotherapy was 100%. It was 92% for the group with favorable presentations who were treated with radiotherapy only.

title: The adjuvant role of two cycles of MOPP and low-dose lung irradiation in stage IA through IIB XXXX : preliminary results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We have extended our investigations of the multiple binding modes that form between the @entity0 single strand binding ( @entity7 ) protein and single-stranded DNA (Lohman, T. M. _ Overman, L. B. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 3594-3603; Bujalowski, W. _ Lohman, T. M. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 7799-7802) by examining the effects of anions, pH, @entity6 , and protein binding density on the transitions among these binding modes. "Reverse" titrations that monitor the quenching of the intrinsic @entity3 fluorescence of the @entity7 protein upon addition of poly(dT) have been used to measure the apparent site size of the complex at 25 degrees C in pH 8.1 and 6.9 as a function of @entity4 , @entity1 , @entity9 , and @entity5 concentrations. Under all conditions in which "reverse" titrations were performed, we observe three distinct binding modes with site sizes of 35 +/- 2, 56 +/- 3, and 65 +/- 3 @entity2 / @entity7 tetramer; however, the transitions among the three binding modes are strongly dependent upon both the cation and anion valence, type, and concentration as well as the pH. A net uptake of both cations and anions accompanies the transitions from the ( @entity7 )35 to the ( @entity7 )56 binding mode at pH 6.9, whereas at pH 8.1 this transition is anion-independent, and only a net uptake of cations occurs. The transition from the ( @entity7 )56 to the ( @entity7 )65 binding mode is dependent upon both cations and anions at both pH 6.9 and 8.1 (25 degrees C), and a net uptake of both cations and anions accompanies this transition. We have also examined the transitions by monitoring the change in the sedimentation coefficient of the @entity7 protein- @entity8 complex as a function of @entity5 concentration (20 degrees C, pH 8.1) and observe an increase in s20,w, which coincides with the increase in apparent site size of the complex, as measured by fluorescence titrations. The frictional coefficient of the complex decreases by a factor of two in progressing from the ( @entity7 )35 to the ( @entity7 )65 binding mode, indicating a progressive compaction of the complex throughout the transition. The transition between the ( @entity7 )35 and the ( @entity7 )56 complex is dependent on the protein binding density, with the lower site size ( @entity7 )35 complex favored at higher binding density. These results indicate that the transitions among the various @entity7 protein-single-stranded DNA binding modes are complex processes that depend on a number of solution variables that are thermodynamically linked.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Binding mode transitions of XXXX single strand binding protein-single-stranded DNA complexes. Cation, anion, pH, and binding density effects.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Treatment of intact NIH 3T3 cells with @entity4 ( @entity5 ) causes a rapid redistribution (stabilization) of protein kinase C to the particulate fraction. Part of the enzyme activity stabilized to the membrane fraction in response to @entity5 can be recovered associated with nuclear-cytoskeletal components. An apparently pure nuclear fraction prepared from NIH 3T3 cells was found to contain 25-30% of the total membrane-associated protein kinase C activity when isolated in the presence of @entity2 . In untreated control cells, most of this activity found with the nuclear fraction can be extracted by chelators. @entity6 ( @entity5 ) treatment of NIH 3T3 cells induces the tight association of protein kinase C to the nucleus; this tightly bound activity is not dissociable by chelators and can be recovered only by solubilization with detergent. Nuclei purified from untreated @entity0 promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells contain higher amounts of chelator-stable, detergent-extractable protein kinase C activity compared with control NIH 3T3 cells. However, @entity5 treatment of HL-60 cells does not enhance the amount of protein kinase C found tightly associated with the nuclear fraction. Immunohistochemical studies with polyclonal antibodies directed against protein kinase C further indicate that @entity5 treatment of NIH 3T3 cells does significantly enhance the amount of protein kinase C found tightly associated with the nucleus and cytoskeleton, whereas exposure of HL-60 cells to @entity5 does not appreciably alter the amount of protein kinase C observed to be associated with the nuclear fraction. The @entity5 -mediated association (activation) of protein kinase C to the nuclear and cytoskeletal fractions with NIH 3T3 cells is further supported by the enhanced phosphorylation of specific endogenous proteins noted when purified nuclei and cytoskeletal preparations are incubated with [gamma-32P] @entity3 . These results suggest that @entity1 promoters may induce association (activation) of protein kinase C with different subcellular components to alter the availability of endogenous substrates. This may result in differential responses by different cell types during exposure to @entity1 promoters.

title: XXXX -mediated association of protein kinase C to the nuclear fraction in NIH 3T3 cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Female @entity1 of ten different inbred strains were tested for their susceptibility to @entity4 ( @entity2 )-induced mammary adenocarcinogenesis. Five of these strains (OM, NSD, WF, LEWIS, BUFF) were demonstrated to be highly susceptible to @entity2 exposure developing greater than 2 continuously growing, macroscopically detectable @entity3 / @entity1 following gastric intubation with @entity2 . In contrast, the COP female @entity1 is completely resistant. Cross-breeding COP to any of the highly susceptible strains produced F1 hybrids which are resistant to @entity2 -induced mammary adenocarcinogenesis. Cross-breeding the same highly susceptible strains to the Fischer strain (i.e., a strain only intermediately susceptible to @entity2 ) produced F1 hybrids which were just as highly inducible as their highly susceptible non-Fischer parental strain. The resistance of the F1 hybrids produced by cross-breeding these highly susceptible strains to the @entity5 therefore is not due to a recessive lack of susceptibility but to an active process of suppression of the high susceptibility of these F1 hybrids to @entity2 -induced mammary adenocarcinogenesis. To determine if the site of action of the COP gene responsible for this suppression is in the mammary gland itself or at the host systemic level, a series of factors (i.e., host growth rate, mammary gland growth rate, systemic hormone level during the estrus cycle, serum and tissue levels of @entity2 and its metabolites) were compared between female @entity1 of the highly susceptible NSD versus the resistant @entity5 . These results suggested that host systemic factors are not involved. To test this directly, donor mammary glands from the highly susceptible NSD and the resistant COP strains were transplanted into F1 hybrids produced by cross-breeding these two strains. The resultant donor glands were then directly exposed to @entity2 , the animals were followed, and the incidence of @entity3 was determined. Seventy % of the NSD donor glands developed continuously growing @entity0 while only 10% of COP donor glands did the same. These results are clearly incompatible with host systemic factors being the major determinant in the resistance of NSD X COP F1 hybrids to @entity2 -induced mammary adenocarcinogenesis. Instead, these results directly demonstrate that it is the genetic makeup of the donor mammary gland itself which determines its response to @entity2 exposure.

title: Inheritance of a genetic factor from the Copenhagen XXXX and the suppression of chemically induced mammary adenocarcinogenesis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To determine whether intravenous @entity4 is effective as pre-emptive @entity3 for breast surgery. DESIGN: Randomised, controlled, double blind study. @entity0 AND METHODS: 50 @entity0 undergoing breast surgery under general anaesthesia randomised to receive either 100 mg intravenous @entity4 30 minutes before (Group I), or immediately after @entity2 (Group II). Postoperatively, @entity1 scores (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) and time to rescue analgesic were recorded by an independent, blinded observer. The study was terminated when rescue analgesic was required (VAS > or =4 or demand for analgesic). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Continuous variables were analysed by the unpaired 't' test, discrete variables with the chi square test, and survival curves by the log-rank test. RESULTS: @entity1 scores were significantly lower in Group I till 10 hours after surgery. The number of @entity0 requiring @entity3 at 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours was significantly lower in group I (0% vs. 47% [P <0.0001], 0% vs. 44% [P <0.003], 0% vs. 80% [P <0.0001], 0% vs. 100% [P <0.0001] respectively). The mean time for rescue analgesic was 15.47 -/+ 2.87 hours in group I versus 4.22 -/+ 2.55 hours in group II (P <0.0001). CONCLUSION: Pre-emptive @entity3 with Intravenous @entity4 (100mg) produces better postoperative @entity1 -relief in @entity0 undergoing breast surgery.

title: Efficacy of intravenous @entity4 for pre-emptive XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To determine whether intravenous @entity4 is effective as pre-emptive @entity3 for breast surgery. DESIGN: Randomised, controlled, double blind study. @entity0 AND METHODS: 50 @entity0 undergoing breast surgery under general anaesthesia randomised to receive either 100 mg intravenous @entity4 30 minutes before (Group I), or immediately after @entity2 (Group II). Postoperatively, @entity1 scores (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) and time to rescue analgesic were recorded by an independent, blinded observer. The study was terminated when rescue analgesic was required (VAS > or =4 or demand for analgesic). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Continuous variables were analysed by the unpaired 't' test, discrete variables with the chi square test, and survival curves by the log-rank test. RESULTS: @entity1 scores were significantly lower in Group I till 10 hours after surgery. The number of @entity0 requiring @entity3 at 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours was significantly lower in group I (0% vs. 47% [P <0.0001], 0% vs. 44% [P <0.003], 0% vs. 80% [P <0.0001], 0% vs. 100% [P <0.0001] respectively). The mean time for rescue analgesic was 15.47 -/+ 2.87 hours in group I versus 4.22 -/+ 2.55 hours in group II (P <0.0001). CONCLUSION: Pre-emptive @entity3 with Intravenous @entity4 (100mg) produces better postoperative @entity1 -relief in @entity0 undergoing breast surgery.

title: Efficacy of intravenous XXXX for pre-emptive @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis @entity0 . Routine monitoring of arteriovenous (AV) fistulas and grafts could increase access longevity. Dynamic venous pressure monitoring is a surveillance test advocated to detect early signs of vascular @entity2 . Venous pressure measurements obtained, per DOQI recommendations, in @entity0 undergoing hemodialysis with an @entity3 or graft were reviewed. Baseline venous pressures were established by calculating the mean of venous pressures obtained without an antecedent @entity2 . A paired t-test was performed comparing mean baseline pressure measurements with pressures immediately preceding each @entity2 episode. Since some @entity0 had multiple @entity2 episodes, the assumption of independence was not met. A second paired t-test was performed comparing mean baseline pressures with the mean pressure measurement per individual, obtained immediately preceding a @entity2 episode; 335 venous pressures were collected in ten pediatric @entity0 . Eighteen @entity2 occurred in five @entity0 , in whom a total of 241 venous pressures were measured. Venous pressures did not correlate with @entity2 events ( P=0.4284). Specific @entity2 events for each @entity0 were correlated with mean @entity0 -specific venous pressures and showed no correlation ( P=0.3229). Dynamic venous pressure monitoring is not an adequate predictor of access @entity2 in pediatric @entity0 .

title: Venous pressure monitoring does not accurately predict XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis @entity0 . Routine monitoring of arteriovenous (AV) fistulas and grafts could increase access longevity. Dynamic venous pressure monitoring is a surveillance test advocated to detect early signs of vascular @entity2 . Venous pressure measurements obtained, per DOQI recommendations, in @entity0 undergoing hemodialysis with an @entity3 or graft were reviewed. Baseline venous pressures were established by calculating the mean of venous pressures obtained without an antecedent @entity2 . A paired t-test was performed comparing mean baseline pressure measurements with pressures immediately preceding each @entity2 episode. Since some @entity0 had multiple @entity2 episodes, the assumption of independence was not met. A second paired t-test was performed comparing mean baseline pressures with the mean pressure measurement per individual, obtained immediately preceding a @entity2 episode; 335 venous pressures were collected in ten pediatric @entity0 . Eighteen @entity2 occurred in five @entity0 , in whom a total of 241 venous pressures were measured. Venous pressures did not correlate with @entity2 events ( P=0.4284). Specific @entity2 events for each @entity0 were correlated with mean @entity0 -specific venous pressures and showed no correlation ( P=0.3229). Dynamic venous pressure monitoring is not an adequate predictor of access @entity2 in pediatric @entity0 .

title: Venous pressure monitoring does not accurately predict @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: DNA sequences of mono-, di-, and trinucleotide repeats are prone to replication errors and thus constitute mutational hot spots. This is well illustrated by the occurrence of DNA microsatellite instability in @entity1 from @entity0 affected by @entity2 ( @entity2 ) resulting from a defect in a gene that participates in postreplicative DNA mismatch repair (MMR). We selected repeat sequences present within coding regions of four genes involved in either cell proliferation or promotion of apoptosis. These repeats consisted of (A)10 in the @entity4 , (G)8 in the @entity3 , (A)8 in the @entity6 , and (CCA)7 in the APP genes. These repeats were analyzed in ten @entity1 from @entity2 @entity0 carrying a germline pathogenic mutation in the MMR gene @entity5 . For each @entity1 the rate of somatic replication errors was measured by sequencing 20-50 cloned PCR-amplified fragments. Substantial intertumor variations were observed in the pattern of repeat alterations, with error rates varying between 12% and 80% for @entity4 , 2% and 84% for @entity3 , 0% and 30% for @entity6 , and 0% to 18% for APP. The @entity3 repeat error rate did not exceed 20% in nine of the ten @entity1 , in contrast to results from previous studies. High error rates in more than one gene in a same @entity1 suggested additive selective effects from inactivation of different pathways influencing tumorigenesis. Our methodology can contribute to define @entity1 characteristics and may, if applied to genes strongly involved in tumorigenesis, improve @entity1 classification and outcome prediction.

title: Differential rates of frameshift alterations in four repeat sequences of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In a study of 32 white @entity0 with @entity4 from 28 families, 60 unique chromosome 6 haplotypes were defined. The MHC extended haplotype @entity5 , SC01, GL02 was strongly disease-associated (0.09 @entity0 , 0.02 controls, RR = 4.5, C.I. = 1.6-12.4, P less than 0.05), while the corresponding haplotype with the GL01 specificity was not increased in frequency (0.05 in both @entity0 and controls). In the present data, the increase in the haplotype bearing GL02 accounted entirely for the association between HLA-DR3 and @entity4 . Furthermore, the phenotype of complete @entity3 was also strongly disease-associated ( @entity0 0.14, controls 0.02, RR = 8.5, C.I. = 1.8-37.0, P less than 0.05). The only other MHC association in these @entity0 was an increased occurrence of the @entity6 , SC61 haplotype ( @entity0 0.07, controls 0.01, RR = 6.0, C.I. = 1.8-20.6, P corr. less than 0.05). The relationship between MHC markers and @entity2 appears to be a result of an association with MHC extended haplotypes and @entity1 rather than with individual alleles. It is important that future studies include family members so that such haplotypes can be defined.

title: Major histocompatibility complex extended haplotypes in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Both activated normal and transformed lymphocytes produce not only cell-associated but also cell-free @entity5 . Evidence of high serum concentrations of @entity5 appears to serve as a @entity3 marker in @entity1 with @entity4 On the contrary, the role of soluble @entity5 in solid @entity3 has still to be defined. This investigation was carried out to analyze soluble @entity5 production in @entity1 @entity3 . The study included 35 @entity1 with @entity3 (12 without and 23 with @entity2 ), 58 healthy subjects and 6 @entity4 @entity1 . Among @entity3 @entity1 , lung and @entity0 were the two most frequent @entity3 . In each subject or patient, serum levels of @entity5 were measured by using an enzyme immunoassay. Moreover, in 14/23 @entity1 with metastatic @entity3 , lymphocyte subpopulations were also evaluated. Serum levels of @entity5 were significantly higher in the @entity3 @entity1 than in the normal subjects. The @entity1 with metastatic @entity3 showed significantly higher mean levels than those without @entity2 , and similar to those observed in the @entity4 @entity1 . Finally, there was no correlation between serum levels of @entity5 and the T4/T8 ratio, which was reduced in 5/14 @entity3 @entity1 . Further studies will be needed to establish if elevated concentrations of @entity5 in the serum can contribute to the immunoincompetence of @entity1 with disseminated solid @entity3 .

title: Increased level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in advanced XXXX : a preliminary study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of the 50-g, one-hour @entity2 screening test administered at 16 weeks of pregnancy for identifying @entity0 with @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred fifty-five @entity0 underwent 50-g, one-hour @entity2 screening tests at 16 weeks of pregnancy. Those with results > or = 135 mg/dL underwent 100-g, three-hour @entity2 tolerance tests. All @entity0 without diagnoses of gestational @entity1 during the second trimester of pregnancy underwent standard third-trimester @entity2 testing. RESULTS: @entity1 was diagnosed in 25 @entity0 . @entity2 screening tests administered at 16 weeks of pregnancy identified 96% (24) of these @entity0 . @entity0 with 16-week @entity2 screening test results > or = 135 mg/dL had a 55% risk of developing @entity1 during pregnancy, while the risk was 0.6% for @entity0 with 16-week test results < or = 110 mg/dL. @entity0 with 16-week @entity2 screening test results in the intermediate range, 111-134 mg/dL, had a 4.8% risk of developing @entity1 during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: @entity2 screening at 16 weeks of pregnancy is a useful alternative to third-trimester screening for gestational @entity1 . The negative predictive value of screening test results < or = 110 mg/dL is 99.4%. The positive predictive value for screening test results > or = 135 mg/dL is 55%. This latter finding is superior to the 8.6-22% found during the third-trimester.

title: Early-pregnancy @entity2 screening for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of the 50-g, one-hour @entity2 screening test administered at 16 weeks of pregnancy for identifying @entity0 with @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred fifty-five @entity0 underwent 50-g, one-hour @entity2 screening tests at 16 weeks of pregnancy. Those with results > or = 135 mg/dL underwent 100-g, three-hour @entity2 tolerance tests. All @entity0 without diagnoses of gestational @entity1 during the second trimester of pregnancy underwent standard third-trimester @entity2 testing. RESULTS: @entity1 was diagnosed in 25 @entity0 . @entity2 screening tests administered at 16 weeks of pregnancy identified 96% (24) of these @entity0 . @entity0 with 16-week @entity2 screening test results > or = 135 mg/dL had a 55% risk of developing @entity1 during pregnancy, while the risk was 0.6% for @entity0 with 16-week test results < or = 110 mg/dL. @entity0 with 16-week @entity2 screening test results in the intermediate range, 111-134 mg/dL, had a 4.8% risk of developing @entity1 during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: @entity2 screening at 16 weeks of pregnancy is a useful alternative to third-trimester screening for gestational @entity1 . The negative predictive value of screening test results < or = 110 mg/dL is 99.4%. The positive predictive value for screening test results > or = 135 mg/dL is 55%. This latter finding is superior to the 8.6-22% found during the third-trimester.

title: Early-pregnancy XXXX screening for @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 rarely occurs after blunt @entity5 , but it can lead to extensive @entity4 and be frequently overlooked. A 16-yr-old @entity0 was presented with @entity8 and rapid respiration rate. He ran into guard rail while riding a motorcycle. In routine examination, his electrocardiogram showed Q wave and 2 mm ST segment elevation in all precordial leads, I and aVL. The cardiac enzymes were also elevated: @entity6 kinase (CK)-MB was 300 U/L, and cardiac specific troponin I was 5.7 ng/mL. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed anteroseptal @entity7 with severely depressed left ventricular function, ejection fraction of 28%. He could not receive any anticoagulation or thrombolytic therapy because of his @entity1 . Three weeks later, his mental state improved. A diagnostic coronary angiogram revealed @entity2 in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) with collaterals from the right coronary artery and left circumflex artery. We successfully performed a percutaneous coronary intervention for the @entity9 , and the final angiogram showed a good coronary flow without residual stenosis.

title: A case of acute @entity4 after blunt XXXX in a young @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity3 rarely occurs after blunt @entity5 , but it can lead to extensive @entity4 and be frequently overlooked. A 16-yr-old @entity0 was presented with @entity8 and rapid respiration rate. He ran into guard rail while riding a motorcycle. In routine examination, his electrocardiogram showed Q wave and 2 mm ST segment elevation in all precordial leads, I and aVL. The cardiac enzymes were also elevated: @entity6 kinase (CK)-MB was 300 U/L, and cardiac specific troponin I was 5.7 ng/mL. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed anteroseptal @entity7 with severely depressed left ventricular function, ejection fraction of 28%. He could not receive any anticoagulation or thrombolytic therapy because of his @entity1 . Three weeks later, his mental state improved. A diagnostic coronary angiogram revealed @entity2 in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) with collaterals from the right coronary artery and left circumflex artery. We successfully performed a percutaneous coronary intervention for the @entity9 , and the final angiogram showed a good coronary flow without residual stenosis.

title: A case of acute XXXX after blunt @entity5 in a young @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 rarely occurs after blunt @entity5 , but it can lead to extensive @entity4 and be frequently overlooked. A 16-yr-old @entity0 was presented with @entity8 and rapid respiration rate. He ran into guard rail while riding a motorcycle. In routine examination, his electrocardiogram showed Q wave and 2 mm ST segment elevation in all precordial leads, I and aVL. The cardiac enzymes were also elevated: @entity6 kinase (CK)-MB was 300 U/L, and cardiac specific troponin I was 5.7 ng/mL. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed anteroseptal @entity7 with severely depressed left ventricular function, ejection fraction of 28%. He could not receive any anticoagulation or thrombolytic therapy because of his @entity1 . Three weeks later, his mental state improved. A diagnostic coronary angiogram revealed @entity2 in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) with collaterals from the right coronary artery and left circumflex artery. We successfully performed a percutaneous coronary intervention for the @entity9 , and the final angiogram showed a good coronary flow without residual stenosis.

title: A case of acute @entity4 after blunt @entity5 in a young XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Constipation accounts for more than 2.5 million physician visits a year. Treatment of @entity2 has been a long-standing and costly problem. Affecting approximately 4.5 million Americans, predominantly @entity0 and the elderly, @entity2 can be persistent and difficult to manage. With the great number of laxative products available, more than  350 to  400 million is spent on over-the-counter laxatives each year. In addition to a complete history and physical examination, tests of anorectal function are useful in the assessment of @entity1 . Approximately 50% of @entity0 exhibit uncoordinated or dyssynergic defecation patterns. Biofeedback therapy may improve the symptoms of these @entity0 . Biofeedback therapy is labor-intensive, expensive, and available only at a few centers. Although the concept of dyssynergic defecation has existed for only a few years, its therapy, based on neuromuscular conditioning, is gaining recognition. The biofeedback program from one Midwestern tertiary care center is described. Although much still needs to be learned regarding the etiology and pathophysiology of dyssynergic defecation, its management with biofeedback is shown to be efficacious and may prove to be the treatment of choice for @entity0 with this dysfunction of the pelvic floor.

title: Biofeedback: its role in the treatment of chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Until recently, Malassezia furfur was thought to be a pathogen only in tinea versicolor. More recently, this lipophilic @entity4 has been recovered from sick neonates with @entity6 . @entity8 was studied in seven @entity0 , and the salient features of this @entity2 in @entity0 described in the literature were reviewed. Major risk factors include prolonged hospitalization, the presence of central venous catheters, and the use of intravenous fat emulsions. It is difficult to identify specific manifestations of @entity8 in these complex cases occurring in @entity0 with severe underlying disease; however, neonates often present with the signs and symptoms of @entity3 and @entity5 , whereas @entity1 may be the only manifestation in adults. Some @entity0 are asymptomatic. When symptoms are present, they resolve upon removal of the colonized catheter. The role of the lipophilic nature of Malassezia in the pathogenesis of @entity2 is apparent from the ability of intravenous fat emulsions to support the growth of the fungus in vitro. A special solid medium that can be used to determine the true prevalence of @entity8 has been devised. M. furfur must be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity7 in @entity0 receiving central hyperalimentation and should be sought by the culture of blood on appropriate medium.

title: XXXX in neonates and adults: complication of hyperalimentation.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Optimal and early control of recent onset, @entity4 by intensive insulin therapy has been reported to allow insulin withdrawal in about two thirds of subjects treated. We used continuous s.c. insulin infusion (CSII) in the attempt to induce a temporary remission of insulin @entity3 in 18 newly diagnosed young adult @entity1 . After 10 days of optimized glycometabolic control, insulin infusion was stopped and @entity0 were switched to @entity6 (15 mg/die) plus @entity5 (1 g/die). @entity1 were considered in remission of insulin @entity3 when their metabolic control fulfilled the following criteria for at least 3 months: absence of @entity7 , pre- and post-prandial blood @entity2 less than or equal to 120 and 180 mg/dl, respectively, HbA1c less than or equal to 7%. Insulin therapy could be discontinued for periods of over three months in 11 subjects (61%) and for as long as 18 months in one case. Insulin requirement during CSII was slightly higher in nonremitters (NR) than in remitters (R): 0.36-0.64 vs 0.26-0.41 U/kg/die. After 24 months from CSII, R still showed lower insulin requirement (0.35-0.42 U/kg/die) than NR (0.55-0.75 U/kg/die). Further, the role of some hormonal and immunologic factors was investigated. Plasma C-peptide and glucagon were measured, fasting and 2h after each meal, both on admission and immediately after CSII, when @entity0 were switched to oral therapy. No difference in hormone levels could be detected on admission, whereas, after CSII, mean post-prandial increase of C-peptide over basal was significantly higher in R than in NR (1.18 +/- 0.37 vs 0.22 +/- 0.16 ng/ml, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Remission from insulin XXXX induced by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in type I, newly diagnosed @entity1 : role of some hormonal and immunologic factors.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Optimal and early control of recent onset, @entity4 by intensive insulin therapy has been reported to allow insulin withdrawal in about two thirds of subjects treated. We used continuous s.c. insulin infusion (CSII) in the attempt to induce a temporary remission of insulin @entity3 in 18 newly diagnosed young adult @entity1 . After 10 days of optimized glycometabolic control, insulin infusion was stopped and @entity0 were switched to @entity6 (15 mg/die) plus @entity5 (1 g/die). @entity1 were considered in remission of insulin @entity3 when their metabolic control fulfilled the following criteria for at least 3 months: absence of @entity7 , pre- and post-prandial blood @entity2 less than or equal to 120 and 180 mg/dl, respectively, HbA1c less than or equal to 7%. Insulin therapy could be discontinued for periods of over three months in 11 subjects (61%) and for as long as 18 months in one case. Insulin requirement during CSII was slightly higher in nonremitters (NR) than in remitters (R): 0.36-0.64 vs 0.26-0.41 U/kg/die. After 24 months from CSII, R still showed lower insulin requirement (0.35-0.42 U/kg/die) than NR (0.55-0.75 U/kg/die). Further, the role of some hormonal and immunologic factors was investigated. Plasma C-peptide and glucagon were measured, fasting and 2h after each meal, both on admission and immediately after CSII, when @entity0 were switched to oral therapy. No difference in hormone levels could be detected on admission, whereas, after CSII, mean post-prandial increase of C-peptide over basal was significantly higher in R than in NR (1.18 +/- 0.37 vs 0.22 +/- 0.16 ng/ml, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Remission from insulin @entity3 induced by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in type I, newly diagnosed XXXX : role of some hormonal and immunologic factors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A phase I study of a biweekly outpatient regimen composed of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity5 ( @entity8 ) was conducted for advanced @entity3 . @entity8 was given in combination with a fixed dose of @entity7 (AUC 3) every 2 weeks. The starting dose of @entity8 was 100 mg/m2, and the dose was escalated in increments of 20 mg/m2. Three to six @entity0 were allocated to each level. @entity1 were evaluated in the first 4 courses to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). @entity8 160 mg/m2 dosages proved to be MTD, and the dose limiting @entity1 (DLT) was hematotoxicity ( @entity6 ). The @entity0 , however, recovered from @entity6 using @entity4 immediately, when @entity4 was used. @entity2 was well-tolerated. A response was found in 9 out of 20 @entity0 who received 4 courses or more (45%). These results suggest that the recommended dose would be @entity7 (AUC 3) + @entity8 140 mg/m2. The biweekly regimen has a high level clinical activity and excellent tolerability, and is suitable for outpatients. We started a phase II study because of these results.

title: [Phase I study of biweekly @entity5 and @entity7 administration in @entity0 with advanced XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: A phase I study of a biweekly outpatient regimen composed of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity5 ( @entity8 ) was conducted for advanced @entity3 . @entity8 was given in combination with a fixed dose of @entity7 (AUC 3) every 2 weeks. The starting dose of @entity8 was 100 mg/m2, and the dose was escalated in increments of 20 mg/m2. Three to six @entity0 were allocated to each level. @entity1 were evaluated in the first 4 courses to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). @entity8 160 mg/m2 dosages proved to be MTD, and the dose limiting @entity1 (DLT) was hematotoxicity ( @entity6 ). The @entity0 , however, recovered from @entity6 using @entity4 immediately, when @entity4 was used. @entity2 was well-tolerated. A response was found in 9 out of 20 @entity0 who received 4 courses or more (45%). These results suggest that the recommended dose would be @entity7 (AUC 3) + @entity8 140 mg/m2. The biweekly regimen has a high level clinical activity and excellent tolerability, and is suitable for outpatients. We started a phase II study because of these results.

title: [Phase I study of biweekly @entity5 and XXXX administration in @entity0 with advanced @entity3 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: A phase I study of a biweekly outpatient regimen composed of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity5 ( @entity8 ) was conducted for advanced @entity3 . @entity8 was given in combination with a fixed dose of @entity7 (AUC 3) every 2 weeks. The starting dose of @entity8 was 100 mg/m2, and the dose was escalated in increments of 20 mg/m2. Three to six @entity0 were allocated to each level. @entity1 were evaluated in the first 4 courses to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). @entity8 160 mg/m2 dosages proved to be MTD, and the dose limiting @entity1 (DLT) was hematotoxicity ( @entity6 ). The @entity0 , however, recovered from @entity6 using @entity4 immediately, when @entity4 was used. @entity2 was well-tolerated. A response was found in 9 out of 20 @entity0 who received 4 courses or more (45%). These results suggest that the recommended dose would be @entity7 (AUC 3) + @entity8 140 mg/m2. The biweekly regimen has a high level clinical activity and excellent tolerability, and is suitable for outpatients. We started a phase II study because of these results.

title: [Phase I study of biweekly XXXX and @entity7 administration in @entity0 with advanced @entity3 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A phase I study of a biweekly outpatient regimen composed of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity5 ( @entity8 ) was conducted for advanced @entity3 . @entity8 was given in combination with a fixed dose of @entity7 (AUC 3) every 2 weeks. The starting dose of @entity8 was 100 mg/m2, and the dose was escalated in increments of 20 mg/m2. Three to six @entity0 were allocated to each level. @entity1 were evaluated in the first 4 courses to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). @entity8 160 mg/m2 dosages proved to be MTD, and the dose limiting @entity1 (DLT) was hematotoxicity ( @entity6 ). The @entity0 , however, recovered from @entity6 using @entity4 immediately, when @entity4 was used. @entity2 was well-tolerated. A response was found in 9 out of 20 @entity0 who received 4 courses or more (45%). These results suggest that the recommended dose would be @entity7 (AUC 3) + @entity8 140 mg/m2. The biweekly regimen has a high level clinical activity and excellent tolerability, and is suitable for outpatients. We started a phase II study because of these results.

title: [Phase I study of biweekly @entity5 and @entity7 administration in XXXX with advanced @entity3 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Most eukaryotic cells express two proteins, whose biosynthetic rates are determined by the intracellular @entity0 status. The genes for both these proteins, ferritin and the @entity1 receptor ( @entity2 ), are regulated at the post-transcriptional level, but by entirely different mechanisms. Ferritin mRNA levels are not affected by acute changes in @entity0 availability. Ferritin biosynthesis is regulated translationally via a defined element contained within the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the ferritin mRNA. This element has been highly conserved during evolution and has been termed an @entity0 -responsive element (IRE). In contrast to ferritin, the regulation of @entity2 biosynthesis is mirrored by equivalent changes in @entity2 mRNA levels. The genetic information for this regulation is mostly located in the region of the gene encoding the 3' UTR of the @entity2 mRNA. Five elements that closely resemble the ferritin IRE are contained within the region which is critical for @entity2 regulation. The IRE is suggested to function by forming a specific stem-loop structure that interacts with a transacting factor in an @entity0 -dependent fashion. We present a model that accommodates the mediation of distinct post-transcriptional regulatory phenomena via IREs.

title: A model for the structure and functions of XXXX -responsive elements.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Natural Killer (NK) activity has been shown to be depressed under stressful conditions. Glucocorticoids, which are known to increase during stress, seem to negatively regulate the activity of NK cells. In the present study we have explored the effect of @entity1 ( @entity1 , HC) on NK activity. A significant inhibitory effect could be observed as early as 6 hr after the addition of HC at the concentration of 0.5 microM, corresponding to the upper physiological circulating level. Both the lysis and the binding of the K562 target cells were affected by HC, indicating that the hormone acts on the target recognition phase. The HC-mediated inhibition of the NK activity was fully reversed after 6 hr incubation in a HC-free medium. The observation of comparable levels of NK-inhibition using unseparated PBL or purified LGL, show that HC acts directly on LGL to inhibit their cytotoxic function. The effect of HC on the responsiveness of NK cells to the modifiers beta-interferon (beta-IFN) and recombinant interleukin 2 ( @entity2 ) was also studied. Pre-incubation with HC did not alter the enhancement of the activity induced by beta-IFN, demonstrating that the HC- and beta-IFN-mediated effects occur in separate NK subsets. By contrast the increase of NK @entity0 induced by @entity2 was lower in the HC-treated compared to the untreated cell cultures (35.8 +/- 6.2 and 20.7 +/- 4.3% respectively, p less than 0.05) which could indicate that a portion of the cells triggered by @entity2 belong to the HC-sensitive NK subpopulation.

title: Effect of @entity1 on the native and in vitro induced non-MHC restricted XXXX of large granular lymphocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Natural Killer (NK) activity has been shown to be depressed under stressful conditions. Glucocorticoids, which are known to increase during stress, seem to negatively regulate the activity of NK cells. In the present study we have explored the effect of @entity1 ( @entity1 , HC) on NK activity. A significant inhibitory effect could be observed as early as 6 hr after the addition of HC at the concentration of 0.5 microM, corresponding to the upper physiological circulating level. Both the lysis and the binding of the K562 target cells were affected by HC, indicating that the hormone acts on the target recognition phase. The HC-mediated inhibition of the NK activity was fully reversed after 6 hr incubation in a HC-free medium. The observation of comparable levels of NK-inhibition using unseparated PBL or purified LGL, show that HC acts directly on LGL to inhibit their cytotoxic function. The effect of HC on the responsiveness of NK cells to the modifiers beta-interferon (beta-IFN) and recombinant interleukin 2 ( @entity2 ) was also studied. Pre-incubation with HC did not alter the enhancement of the activity induced by beta-IFN, demonstrating that the HC- and beta-IFN-mediated effects occur in separate NK subsets. By contrast the increase of NK @entity0 induced by @entity2 was lower in the HC-treated compared to the untreated cell cultures (35.8 +/- 6.2 and 20.7 +/- 4.3% respectively, p less than 0.05) which could indicate that a portion of the cells triggered by @entity2 belong to the HC-sensitive NK subpopulation.

title: Effect of XXXX on the native and in vitro induced non-MHC restricted @entity0 of large granular lymphocytes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Positive skin tests or elevated levels of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the serum define IgE sensitization or "atopy." The term " @entity8 " refers to the clinical expression of @entity9 . Genetic predisposition and @entity6 in early childhood, together with exposure and sensitization to environmental allergens, fix the basis for the elevation of IgE in infancy. Elevated IgE shortly after birth is associated with later onset of @entity2 . IgE participates both in the immediate @entity2 response and in the induction of @entity1 . The @entity2 response is distinct from other immune reactions in its reliance on IgE, its high-affinity receptor @entity5 , and the primary effector cell-the tissue mast cell. IgE initiates the process of @entity1 by binding to @entity5 on inflammatory cells in the airways, the gut, and the skin. Cross-linking of the IgE molecules bound to @entity5 on the surface of mast cells by allergen initiates the early-phase @entity2 . IgE bound to @entity5 sets off the release of inflammatory mediators, including @entity3 , @entity11 and cytokines, and leads to eosinophilic infiltration and @entity1 in the affected mucosa or skin. IgE, attached to the low-affinity receptor FcepsilonRII on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells, enhances allergen capture and type 2 helper T (Th2) cell activation, and may trigger other immunoregulatory pathways. Considerable effort in therapeutic research has focused on interference with IgE function because of its position high in the @entity2 cascade. Therapy with anti-IgE is one such approach that shows much promise. Large clinical studies of anti-IgE in adults and @entity0 have documented its safety and effectiveness by demonstrating the reduction of free IgE in circulation, inhibition of both early- and late-phase @entity2 reactions, @entity4 sparing, and protection against exacerbation of @entity7 and @entity10 .

title: Attainments in atop: special aspects of XXXX and IgE.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Chemical modification is a concept in @entity0 therapy in which the state of @entity0 cells or normal tissues is modified such that a therapeutic gain can be achieved using conventional therapeutic modalities. @entity3 zones targeted as cells within them may be radiation resistant, poorly perfused by chemotherapeutic agents, and possibly drug resistant due to @entity3 -related gene amplification. Nitroimidazoles have gained particular attention as chemical modifiers because they can increase the radiation sensitivity of @entity3 cells, are cytotoxic to @entity3 cells, can increase sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, and are useful for imaging @entity3 cells. While both radiosensitization and chemosensitization require @entity3 , the mechanism of the enhancement of each of the modalities is different. The @entity11 @entity3 sensitizers @entity8 and @entity10 , which are less toxic than the prototype @entity7 (Miso), are in clinical trials, and dual function molecules that include a @entity3 sensitizer and alkylating function are being developed. The presence of both acutely and chronically @entity3 cells in animal @entity0 has been demonstrated by new imaging techniques. @entity1 delivery to @entity0 is being altered by the use of @entity9 , and agents that alter hemoglobin affinity for @entity1 . Compounds that are selectively toxic to @entity3 cells are being developed. Nonhypoxic modifiers are also being investigated. @entity4 modification, particularly the alteration of @entity5 concentration, has complex effects on the cell's biochemistry, in addition to affecting the competition between @entity1 and @entity4 groups for the restoration and fixation of radiation-induced radicals. @entity6 is being studied as a means of reducing the normal tissue @entity2 of radiation and chemotherapy. Increased @entity4 concentration may be a mechanism of cross-resistance between certain chemotherapeutic agents and radiation.

title: Chemical modifiers of XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The combination of @entity4 and @entity3 compounds is considered the best first-line regimen for advanced @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate a @entity4 and @entity5 combination in pretreated @entity0 who recurred within 24 months after a complete clinical response with the same regimen used as first-line chemotherapy. METHODS: 18 @entity0 were included in this study. Second-line chemotherapy consisted of @entity4 , 175 mg/m2 as a 3-hour infusion, and @entity5 AUC 6 every 21 days. RESULTS: Among 15 evaluable @entity0 , eight (53%) complete and five (34%) partial responses were observed, while two (13%) @entity0 had @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The response rate was 67% among @entity0 with measurable disease and 52% for evaluable disease. The median progression-free interval after second-line chemotherapy was 8.3 months. The median progression-free interval for @entity0 with measurable disease was 8.6 months and for evaluable disease it was 7.9 months. Seven (46%) of 15 @entity0 have developed recurrence after second-line chemotherapy with @entity4 and @entity5 with a median time to recurrence of 9.8 months. CONCLUSION: @entity4 175 mg/m2 and @entity5 AUC 6 as second-line chemotherapy in this sensitive population is effective in terms of response rate and progression-free interval.

title: Second-line with XXXX and @entity5 for @entity2 following first @entity4 and @entity3 compounds in @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The combination of @entity4 and @entity3 compounds is considered the best first-line regimen for advanced @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate a @entity4 and @entity5 combination in pretreated @entity0 who recurred within 24 months after a complete clinical response with the same regimen used as first-line chemotherapy. METHODS: 18 @entity0 were included in this study. Second-line chemotherapy consisted of @entity4 , 175 mg/m2 as a 3-hour infusion, and @entity5 AUC 6 every 21 days. RESULTS: Among 15 evaluable @entity0 , eight (53%) complete and five (34%) partial responses were observed, while two (13%) @entity0 had @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The response rate was 67% among @entity0 with measurable disease and 52% for evaluable disease. The median progression-free interval after second-line chemotherapy was 8.3 months. The median progression-free interval for @entity0 with measurable disease was 8.6 months and for evaluable disease it was 7.9 months. Seven (46%) of 15 @entity0 have developed recurrence after second-line chemotherapy with @entity4 and @entity5 with a median time to recurrence of 9.8 months. CONCLUSION: @entity4 175 mg/m2 and @entity5 AUC 6 as second-line chemotherapy in this sensitive population is effective in terms of response rate and progression-free interval.

title: Second-line with @entity4 and @entity5 for @entity2 following first XXXX and @entity3 compounds in @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The combination of @entity4 and @entity3 compounds is considered the best first-line regimen for advanced @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate a @entity4 and @entity5 combination in pretreated @entity0 who recurred within 24 months after a complete clinical response with the same regimen used as first-line chemotherapy. METHODS: 18 @entity0 were included in this study. Second-line chemotherapy consisted of @entity4 , 175 mg/m2 as a 3-hour infusion, and @entity5 AUC 6 every 21 days. RESULTS: Among 15 evaluable @entity0 , eight (53%) complete and five (34%) partial responses were observed, while two (13%) @entity0 had @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The response rate was 67% among @entity0 with measurable disease and 52% for evaluable disease. The median progression-free interval after second-line chemotherapy was 8.3 months. The median progression-free interval for @entity0 with measurable disease was 8.6 months and for evaluable disease it was 7.9 months. Seven (46%) of 15 @entity0 have developed recurrence after second-line chemotherapy with @entity4 and @entity5 with a median time to recurrence of 9.8 months. CONCLUSION: @entity4 175 mg/m2 and @entity5 AUC 6 as second-line chemotherapy in this sensitive population is effective in terms of response rate and progression-free interval.

title: Second-line with @entity4 and XXXX for @entity2 following first @entity4 and @entity3 compounds in @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The combination of @entity4 and @entity3 compounds is considered the best first-line regimen for advanced @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate a @entity4 and @entity5 combination in pretreated @entity0 who recurred within 24 months after a complete clinical response with the same regimen used as first-line chemotherapy. METHODS: 18 @entity0 were included in this study. Second-line chemotherapy consisted of @entity4 , 175 mg/m2 as a 3-hour infusion, and @entity5 AUC 6 every 21 days. RESULTS: Among 15 evaluable @entity0 , eight (53%) complete and five (34%) partial responses were observed, while two (13%) @entity0 had @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The response rate was 67% among @entity0 with measurable disease and 52% for evaluable disease. The median progression-free interval after second-line chemotherapy was 8.3 months. The median progression-free interval for @entity0 with measurable disease was 8.6 months and for evaluable disease it was 7.9 months. Seven (46%) of 15 @entity0 have developed recurrence after second-line chemotherapy with @entity4 and @entity5 with a median time to recurrence of 9.8 months. CONCLUSION: @entity4 175 mg/m2 and @entity5 AUC 6 as second-line chemotherapy in this sensitive population is effective in terms of response rate and progression-free interval.

title: Second-line with @entity4 and @entity5 for @entity2 following first @entity4 and XXXX compounds in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The combination of @entity4 and @entity3 compounds is considered the best first-line regimen for advanced @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate a @entity4 and @entity5 combination in pretreated @entity0 who recurred within 24 months after a complete clinical response with the same regimen used as first-line chemotherapy. METHODS: 18 @entity0 were included in this study. Second-line chemotherapy consisted of @entity4 , 175 mg/m2 as a 3-hour infusion, and @entity5 AUC 6 every 21 days. RESULTS: Among 15 evaluable @entity0 , eight (53%) complete and five (34%) partial responses were observed, while two (13%) @entity0 had @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The response rate was 67% among @entity0 with measurable disease and 52% for evaluable disease. The median progression-free interval after second-line chemotherapy was 8.3 months. The median progression-free interval for @entity0 with measurable disease was 8.6 months and for evaluable disease it was 7.9 months. Seven (46%) of 15 @entity0 have developed recurrence after second-line chemotherapy with @entity4 and @entity5 with a median time to recurrence of 9.8 months. CONCLUSION: @entity4 175 mg/m2 and @entity5 AUC 6 as second-line chemotherapy in this sensitive population is effective in terms of response rate and progression-free interval.

title: Second-line with @entity4 and @entity5 for XXXX following first @entity4 and @entity3 compounds in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2