abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of study was to evaluate the results of our experience with transarterial embolization based on a modified algorithm in @entity0 with @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected data of @entity0 admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to August 2008 for blunt @entity1 . During this period, 46 @entity0 were admitted for @entity1 , of whom 17 were treated surgically, 15 conservatively and 14 with percutaneous embolisation (13 @entity0 , mean age 44.8, mean injury severity score 18.5, six with grade IV and eight with contrast blush). @entity0 in shock were referred for laparotomy and splenectomy, whereas those who were haemodynamically stable or responsive to fluid resuscitation were further evaluated with computed tomography (CT). In the presence of imaging evidence of @entity1 ranging from grade I to grade III (n=15) a conservative approach was adopted, whereas haemodynamically unstable @entity0 with grade V injury (n=17) were treated with splenectomy. Embolisation was performed in 14 @entity0 with @entity1 or in the event of contrast extravasation, regardless of injury grade. In @entity0 with diffuse organ damage, we embolised the main splenic artery, whereas in the case of @entity1 , embolisation was selective. RESULTS: Proximal embolization was required in eight cases and distal coil embolization in six. In 13 cases, we placed magnetic-resonance-compatible coils 4-6 mm in diameter; only one @entity0 was treated with gel-foam injection. Immediate technical success was achieved in all cases. In 13/14 @entity0 (92.9%), no periprocedural complications were observed, whereas the remaining @entity0 underwent splenectomy within 24 h due to recurrent @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our algorithm, it is possible to reach a quick decision on the most appropriate treatment for @entity0 presenting with blunt @entity4 , and @entity3 seems to offer a reliable option in those with high-grade @entity1 or active @entity2 .

title: The role of XXXX in blunt @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of study was to evaluate the results of our experience with transarterial embolization based on a modified algorithm in @entity0 with @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected data of @entity0 admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to August 2008 for blunt @entity1 . During this period, 46 @entity0 were admitted for @entity1 , of whom 17 were treated surgically, 15 conservatively and 14 with percutaneous embolisation (13 @entity0 , mean age 44.8, mean injury severity score 18.5, six with grade IV and eight with contrast blush). @entity0 in shock were referred for laparotomy and splenectomy, whereas those who were haemodynamically stable or responsive to fluid resuscitation were further evaluated with computed tomography (CT). In the presence of imaging evidence of @entity1 ranging from grade I to grade III (n=15) a conservative approach was adopted, whereas haemodynamically unstable @entity0 with grade V injury (n=17) were treated with splenectomy. Embolisation was performed in 14 @entity0 with @entity1 or in the event of contrast extravasation, regardless of injury grade. In @entity0 with diffuse organ damage, we embolised the main splenic artery, whereas in the case of @entity1 , embolisation was selective. RESULTS: Proximal embolization was required in eight cases and distal coil embolization in six. In 13 cases, we placed magnetic-resonance-compatible coils 4-6 mm in diameter; only one @entity0 was treated with gel-foam injection. Immediate technical success was achieved in all cases. In 13/14 @entity0 (92.9%), no periprocedural complications were observed, whereas the remaining @entity0 underwent splenectomy within 24 h due to recurrent @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our algorithm, it is possible to reach a quick decision on the most appropriate treatment for @entity0 presenting with blunt @entity4 , and @entity3 seems to offer a reliable option in those with high-grade @entity1 or active @entity2 .

title: The role of @entity3 in blunt XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The pathogenesis of acquired @entity9 is still unknown and subject of controversial discussions. Based on clinical and histological findings, several theories for @entity7 pathogenesis have been developed: 1) retraction pocket theory; 2) proliferation theory; 3) immigration theory, and 4) metaplasia theory. Additionally @entity7 development was grouped in particular stages. Immunohistochemical examinations of the matrix and perimatrix have considerably improved the knowledge of @entity7 pathogenesis. In this review the current concepts of @entity7 pathogenesis are discussed: a retraction pocket occurs due to a @entity1 . @entity0 leads to a disturbance of self-cleaning mechanisms, with cell debris and keratinocytes accumulate inside the retraction pocket, and this is followed by an immigration of immune cells, i. e. Langerhans' cells, T-cells, macrophages. There is an imbalance and a vicious circle of epithelial proliferation, keratinocyte differentiation and maturation, prolonged apoptosis, and disturbance of self-cleaning mechanisms. The inflammatory stimulus will induce an epithelial proliferation along with expression of lytic enzymes and cytokines. As a consequence, some "microcholesteatoma" occur which will confluent. Bacteria inside the retraction pocket produce some antigens which will activate different cytokines and lytic enzymes, i. e. ICAM, @entity8 , @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity6 . These cytokines lead to activation and maturing of osteoclasts with the consequence of degradation of extracellular bone matrix and hyperproliferation, bone arrosion and finally progression of the disease. The question why not all @entity7 show the same progression process is still unclear. A probable explanation could be that in most retraction pockets migration and self-cleansing mechanisms for keratinocytes are well functioning, with normal migration of the squamous epithelium from the basal layers to the surface. Nevertheless, future research will have to evaluate this topic which might be crucial for the understanding of @entity7 pathogenesis and for therapy.

title: [Current concepts of the pathogenesis of acquired XXXX ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate seasonal patterns and age-associated trends of the main bacterial, viral, and parasitic enteric pathogens in Southwest Germany. @entity0 AND METHODS: From January 2002 through December 2008 a total of 99,057 @entity0 were tested for Norovirus, Rotavirus, bacterial pathogens, @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). RESULTS: All these pathogens were detected throughout the whole year. But there were distinctive seasonal patterns of activity of the following pathogens being detected: norovirus was detected mainly from September through April. The highest rotovirus activity was observed from December through June. But bacterial pathogens und @entity4 were found mainly from June to November. The percentage of positive results during the months with the highest activity was 10 - 49% for norovirus, 25% - 41% for rotavirus, 14 - 18% for @entity3 and 3 - 4 % for @entity4 . @entity2 and adenovirus were found throughout the year in 7 - 15% and 3 - 10% of samples, respectively. Moreover, the detection rate of different pathogens depended on @entity0 age. In @entity0 younger than one year, rotavirus, norovirus and adenovirus were most frequently isolated pathogenes. Stool samples from kindergarden- and school-age @entity0 were positive largely for bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella and Campylobacter particularly in late summer or early autum. In @entity0 older than 60 years, norovirus, rotavirus, and toxin producing @entity5 strains were the most common pathogens. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the age and season related frequency of detection of enteric pathogens, a step-by-step diagnosis of @entity1 is recommended. Considering that most pathogens are detected sporadically over the whole year, the analysis of negative samples should be appropriately expanded. The knowledge of seasonal occurrence can also be applied to improve the application of hygienic measures.

title: [Epidemiological aspects of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to assess the informative value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound after radiofrequency ablation (RFA). @entity0 who had undergone RFA of @entity1 were followed up with contrast-enhanced sonography (CEUS), computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance tomography (MRI), and the outcomes were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 76 @entity0 undergoing 194 RFAs for 118 @entity2 (n = 55 HCC, n = 63 metastases) in the course of a 7-year period were examined post-interventionally using CEUS and CT or MRI. During follow-up (gold standard of evaluation), contrast agent rim accumulations with a diameter greater than 5 mm and a growth rate of at least 25 % were counted as a recurrence. RESULTS: CEUS-CT comparison group: A total of 65 scan pairs were compared. In 54 cases (83.1 %) the findings were the same with either method. In 7 cases (10.8 %) CEUS confirmed the correct diagnosis, and in 2 cases (3.1 %) only CT was correct. In 2 cases (3.1 %) both methods yielded incorrect results. Diagnostic accuracy (DA): CEUS 93.8 %, CT 86.2 %. CEUS-MRI comparison group: In 23 cases (88.5 %) of a total of 26 scan pairs, the findings were the same for both CEUS and MRI. In 3 discordant cases only CEUS confirmed the correct diagnosis (3 cases, 11.5 %). Diagnostic accuracy DA (n = 26): CEUS 100 %, MRI 88.4 %. CONCLUSION: CEUS performs equally to CT and MRI in the follow-up of @entity0 treated for @entity1 by RFA.

title: Efficacy of contrast-enhanced US versus CT or MRI for the therapeutic control of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the case of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that @entity6 ( @entity8 ) induce differentiation of @entity5 cells; however, little is known about its effect on solid @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity8 can induce cell differentiation and its association with growth inhibition in @entity0 @entity3 using BALB/C @entity2 xenograft model. METHODS: Poorly differentiated @entity0 @entity4 cells from CSNE-1 cell strain were transplanted subcutaneously to BALB/C @entity2 to produce @entity1 . @entity8 at a dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 was given intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days, and then 3 times a week for the following 3 weeks. The xenograft @entity1 growth in @entity2 was observed after drug administration. The morphological changes of the @entity1 were examined under light and electron microscopy. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity8 at dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 significantly inhibited the @entity1 growth in vivo, with a inhibitory rate of 75.4%. Remarkable cell differentiation induced by @entity8 was observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope, which was characterized by keratinization of @entity1 cells, decreased nuclear/cytoplasm ratio, increased cytoplasmic organelles and rich tonofibrils in cytoplasm. Desmosomes and micro-processes were much more frequently observed in @entity1 treated with @entity8 . Significantly decreased @entity7 expression was observed in @entity8 -treated @entity1 cells. The @entity7 -positive cell index (PI) was 53.6 +/- 7.0% in @entity8 -treated @entity2 , and 95.2 +/- 5.0% in control, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The growth of @entity0 @entity3 xenograft in BALB/C @entity2 can be significantly inhibited by @entity8 , which might be related to the cell differentiation induced by @entity8 .

title: [ @entity6 induces differentiation of XXXX @entity3 in BALB/C @entity2 xenograft model].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that @entity6 ( @entity8 ) induce differentiation of @entity5 cells; however, little is known about its effect on solid @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity8 can induce cell differentiation and its association with growth inhibition in @entity0 @entity3 using BALB/C @entity2 xenograft model. METHODS: Poorly differentiated @entity0 @entity4 cells from CSNE-1 cell strain were transplanted subcutaneously to BALB/C @entity2 to produce @entity1 . @entity8 at a dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 was given intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days, and then 3 times a week for the following 3 weeks. The xenograft @entity1 growth in @entity2 was observed after drug administration. The morphological changes of the @entity1 were examined under light and electron microscopy. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity8 at dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 significantly inhibited the @entity1 growth in vivo, with a inhibitory rate of 75.4%. Remarkable cell differentiation induced by @entity8 was observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope, which was characterized by keratinization of @entity1 cells, decreased nuclear/cytoplasm ratio, increased cytoplasmic organelles and rich tonofibrils in cytoplasm. Desmosomes and micro-processes were much more frequently observed in @entity1 treated with @entity8 . Significantly decreased @entity7 expression was observed in @entity8 -treated @entity1 cells. The @entity7 -positive cell index (PI) was 53.6 +/- 7.0% in @entity8 -treated @entity2 , and 95.2 +/- 5.0% in control, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The growth of @entity0 @entity3 xenograft in BALB/C @entity2 can be significantly inhibited by @entity8 , which might be related to the cell differentiation induced by @entity8 .

title: [ XXXX induces differentiation of @entity0 @entity3 in BALB/C @entity2 xenograft model].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that @entity6 ( @entity8 ) induce differentiation of @entity5 cells; however, little is known about its effect on solid @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity8 can induce cell differentiation and its association with growth inhibition in @entity0 @entity3 using BALB/C @entity2 xenograft model. METHODS: Poorly differentiated @entity0 @entity4 cells from CSNE-1 cell strain were transplanted subcutaneously to BALB/C @entity2 to produce @entity1 . @entity8 at a dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 was given intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days, and then 3 times a week for the following 3 weeks. The xenograft @entity1 growth in @entity2 was observed after drug administration. The morphological changes of the @entity1 were examined under light and electron microscopy. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity8 at dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 significantly inhibited the @entity1 growth in vivo, with a inhibitory rate of 75.4%. Remarkable cell differentiation induced by @entity8 was observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope, which was characterized by keratinization of @entity1 cells, decreased nuclear/cytoplasm ratio, increased cytoplasmic organelles and rich tonofibrils in cytoplasm. Desmosomes and micro-processes were much more frequently observed in @entity1 treated with @entity8 . Significantly decreased @entity7 expression was observed in @entity8 -treated @entity1 cells. The @entity7 -positive cell index (PI) was 53.6 +/- 7.0% in @entity8 -treated @entity2 , and 95.2 +/- 5.0% in control, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The growth of @entity0 @entity3 xenograft in BALB/C @entity2 can be significantly inhibited by @entity8 , which might be related to the cell differentiation induced by @entity8 .

title: [ @entity6 induces differentiation of @entity0 XXXX in BALB/C @entity2 xenograft model].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that @entity6 ( @entity8 ) induce differentiation of @entity5 cells; however, little is known about its effect on solid @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity8 can induce cell differentiation and its association with growth inhibition in @entity0 @entity3 using BALB/C @entity2 xenograft model. METHODS: Poorly differentiated @entity0 @entity4 cells from CSNE-1 cell strain were transplanted subcutaneously to BALB/C @entity2 to produce @entity1 . @entity8 at a dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 was given intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days, and then 3 times a week for the following 3 weeks. The xenograft @entity1 growth in @entity2 was observed after drug administration. The morphological changes of the @entity1 were examined under light and electron microscopy. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity8 at dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 significantly inhibited the @entity1 growth in vivo, with a inhibitory rate of 75.4%. Remarkable cell differentiation induced by @entity8 was observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope, which was characterized by keratinization of @entity1 cells, decreased nuclear/cytoplasm ratio, increased cytoplasmic organelles and rich tonofibrils in cytoplasm. Desmosomes and micro-processes were much more frequently observed in @entity1 treated with @entity8 . Significantly decreased @entity7 expression was observed in @entity8 -treated @entity1 cells. The @entity7 -positive cell index (PI) was 53.6 +/- 7.0% in @entity8 -treated @entity2 , and 95.2 +/- 5.0% in control, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The growth of @entity0 @entity3 xenograft in BALB/C @entity2 can be significantly inhibited by @entity8 , which might be related to the cell differentiation induced by @entity8 .

title: [ @entity6 induces differentiation of @entity0 @entity3 in BALB/C XXXX xenograft model].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Some clinical and histopathological features of @entity2 (TSCC) were closely associated with occult cervical @entity3 (OCLNM). This study was designed to investigate the correlation between occult cervical @entity3 in @entity2 and the clinicopathological indexes of @entity1 tissue. METHODS: Thirty-five TSCC @entity0 with OCLNM treated in @entity1 Center, Sun Yat-sen University from 1988 to 1996 were enrolled. According to random principle, 35 TSCC @entity0 without OCLNM at the same period were selected. Tumor @entity4 was measured and pathological parameters were assessed under microscope. RESULTS: The rates of OCLNM in group of infiltrative plus ulcerative type, group of infiltrative type, group of ulcerative type and group of exogenous type were 70.37%, 41.67%, 40.00%, and 27.27%, respectively; the rates of OCLNM in T1, T2, and T4 were 44.00%, 43.48%, and 62.64%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of @entity1 @entity4 < 4 mm, 4-7.9 mm, and > or = 8 mm were 14.29%, 61.54%, and 88.89%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of response of peritumoral lymphocyte +, ++ and +++ were 73.68%, 58.62%, and 18.18%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of with vascular invasion and without vascular invasion were 85.71% and 46.03%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of well, moderate, and poor differentiation were 52.63%, 42.31%, and 66.67%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of invasive patterns of type I, type II, type III, and type IV were 40.90%, 50.00%, 52.00%, and 80.00%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that OCLNM in TSCC was closely associated with gross appearance of @entity1 , @entity1 @entity4 , response degree of peritumoral lymphocyte and vascular invasion (P < 0.05), but was not associated with T stage, pathological differentiation, and invasion way (P > 0.05); Logistic multivariate analysis manifested that only @entity1 @entity4 and response degree of peritumoral lymphocyte significantly correlated with OCLNM in TSCC. CONCLUSION: There was significant correlation between gross appearance of @entity1 , @entity1 @entity4 , response degree of peritumoral lymphocyte and vascular invasion and OCLNM in TSCC. These parameters can be used to predict occult cervical @entity3 in TSCC.

title: [Clinical and pathological related factors of occult cervical @entity3 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Some clinical and histopathological features of @entity2 (TSCC) were closely associated with occult cervical @entity3 (OCLNM). This study was designed to investigate the correlation between occult cervical @entity3 in @entity2 and the clinicopathological indexes of @entity1 tissue. METHODS: Thirty-five TSCC @entity0 with OCLNM treated in @entity1 Center, Sun Yat-sen University from 1988 to 1996 were enrolled. According to random principle, 35 TSCC @entity0 without OCLNM at the same period were selected. Tumor @entity4 was measured and pathological parameters were assessed under microscope. RESULTS: The rates of OCLNM in group of infiltrative plus ulcerative type, group of infiltrative type, group of ulcerative type and group of exogenous type were 70.37%, 41.67%, 40.00%, and 27.27%, respectively; the rates of OCLNM in T1, T2, and T4 were 44.00%, 43.48%, and 62.64%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of @entity1 @entity4 < 4 mm, 4-7.9 mm, and > or = 8 mm were 14.29%, 61.54%, and 88.89%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of response of peritumoral lymphocyte +, ++ and +++ were 73.68%, 58.62%, and 18.18%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of with vascular invasion and without vascular invasion were 85.71% and 46.03%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of well, moderate, and poor differentiation were 52.63%, 42.31%, and 66.67%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of invasive patterns of type I, type II, type III, and type IV were 40.90%, 50.00%, 52.00%, and 80.00%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that OCLNM in TSCC was closely associated with gross appearance of @entity1 , @entity1 @entity4 , response degree of peritumoral lymphocyte and vascular invasion (P < 0.05), but was not associated with T stage, pathological differentiation, and invasion way (P > 0.05); Logistic multivariate analysis manifested that only @entity1 @entity4 and response degree of peritumoral lymphocyte significantly correlated with OCLNM in TSCC. CONCLUSION: There was significant correlation between gross appearance of @entity1 , @entity1 @entity4 , response degree of peritumoral lymphocyte and vascular invasion and OCLNM in TSCC. These parameters can be used to predict occult cervical @entity3 in TSCC.

title: [Clinical and pathological related factors of occult cervical XXXX in @entity2 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Bowel function varies markedly among @entity0 with colectomy and ileal pouch-anal @entity2 . Little is known of the mechanisms controlling fecal continence and frequency of defecation after operation. The aim of this study was to determine which features of the anal sphincter and neorectum accounted for the variation in clinical outcome. Twenty @entity0 were studied 4 to 35 months after operation and compared to 12 healthy volunteers. Despite several @entity0 exhibiting @entity1 and ileal pouch capacity and distensibility were similar in @entity0 and controls. @entity0 with poor results, however, had rapid filling of their ileal pouch, which resulted in early onset of high amplitude propulsive pressure waves in the pouch. As these waves became more frequent, defecation resulted. @entity0 with poor results also were not able to empty adequately their pouch. The poorer the completeness of evacuation, the more frequent the defecation (r = 0.62, p less than 0.01). The authors conclude that rapid pouch filling and impaired pouch evacuation can lead to increased stool frequency in @entity0 after ileal pouch-anal @entity2 .

title: Anal and neorectal function after ileal pouch-anal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Thirty-two @entity0 were treated for @entity3 at our institution from 1979 to 1984. Eight were in no or minimal distress at birth and had operative intervention when they were more than 24 hours old; survival was 100%. The remaining 24 neonates required immediate intubation and ventilation followed by operation at less than 12 hours of age. Overall survival was 54%; survival was 31% (4 of 13 @entity0 , Group 1) in the first three years of the series and 82% (9 of 11 @entity0 , Group 2) in the last three years (p less than 0.001). Apgar score, gestational age, birth weight, and incidence of associated @entity1 were equal for the two groups (all, p greater than 0.05). The two groups also were examined with reference to alveolar-arterial oxygen differences P(A-a)O2 and mean airway pressure (MAP). The best preoperative P(A-a)O2 was greater than 600 mm Hg for 7 neonates in Group 1 and 6 in Group 2, and survival was 0% and 71%, respectively (p less than 0.001). @entity0 with a postoperative MAP of 13 cm @entity2 or greater had a higher mortality (100% in Group 1 and 50% in Group 2, p greater than 0.05). Our treatment protocol was studied to determine those methods related to improved survival. @entity4 infusion was used earlier in Group 2 as a prophylaxis against @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (p greater than 0.05). The incidence of severe @entity5 dropped from 85 to 54% (p greater than 0.05). Higher ventilator rates rather than pressures were used to achieve equally effective ventilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Improving survival in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A retrospective analysis of 30 @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was performed to define the natural history of the disease and the risk of acute transformation. Our @entity0 fulfilled the following criteria of diagnosis: blood monocytosis over 1 X 10(9)/l, blast cell percentage in bone marrow up to 30, and in peripheral blood less than 5. The most common presenting feature was @entity1 ; seven @entity0 had fever; three @entity0 @entity5 and @entity2 . Anysopoikilocytosis and @entity7 were frequent. Abnormal granulocyte morphology, defective granulation and abnormal leukocyte alkaline phosphatase were often observed. Blast cells in peripheral blood smears were found in 14 patients. Serum and urine lysozyme levels were increased in 82 per cent and 93 per cent, respectively. Dysplastic changes involving erythroid, granulocytic and megakaryocytic lineages were constant features in all cases. Agranulated blasts above 5 per cent of marrow nucleated cells were seen in 13 @entity0 (43 per cent). Seven of the 20 @entity0 showed non-specific @entity3 at diagnosis. Median survival from diagnosis was 18 months (range, 3-112). Evolution into @entity4 occurred in 11 @entity0 . No difference in survival was found between @entity0 who developed @entity4 and @entity0 who did not. A shorter survival has correlated to the following parameters: leukocytes greater than 10 X 10(9)/l, the presence of blasts in peripheral blood and agranulated blasts in the marrow above 5 per cent.

title: XXXX : clinical features, cytogenetics, and prognosis in 30 consecutive cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The relationship between (a) "tallness" and (b) cross-sectional area of the endothelial cells (EC) of postcapillary venules ( @entity1 ) and capillaries and the cellular composition of adjacent perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates in rheumatoid (RA) synovial membrane has been examined by electron microscopy. "Tallness" of the EC was measured as the ratio of the height of the EC to its base (H/B). H/B showed a strong positive correlation with the number and percent of perivascular lymphocytes, i.e., the denser the @entity0 , the taller the EC. In contrast, H/B showed negative correlations with percent perivascular plasma cells, macrophages, and fibroblast(cyte)s. No such correlations were observed with pericapillary infiltrates. A computer-based morphometric technique yielded similar relationships between the cross-sectional area of the EC and the composition of the perivascular infiltrates. These results indicate that the EC of @entity1 in lymphocyte-rich areas of synovium tend to be tall and to occupy an increased fraction of the cross-sectional area of the vessel. In contrast, in areas rich in macrophages and plasma cells, EC tend to be flat and to occupy a smaller fraction of the cross-sectional area. @entity1 in uninfiltrated interstitial areas and in normal synovium had flat EC, and capillaries had flat EC regardless of the character of the surrounding infiltrate. Finally, @entity1 in lymphocyte-rich areas closely resembled those of tonsil in appearance. Our findings indicate that the @entity1 of the RA synovial membrane from which lymphocytes emigrate to form perivascular lymphoid aggregates resemble those of lymphoid tissue. They suggest that chronic inflammatory tissue and normal lymphoid tissue share mechanisms of lymphocyte emigration.

title: Electron microscopic study of rheumatoid synovial vasculature. Intimate relationship between tall endothelium and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Nursing behaviour and reflex milk ejection were studied over 257 suckling periods in 26 Californian @entity0 . Detailed plasma profiles of @entity1 were obtained for 161 suckling periods in 16 animals. Plasma @entity1 was detected by radioimmunoassay in serial samples of 0.2 ml blood collected during nursing. @entity1 titres were below the lower limit of the assay (5 pmol/l) before suckling, and started to rise at a rate of 2.8 +/- 0.8 (S.D.) pmol/l per s 10-30 s after the onset of suckling. Peak levels of hormone were 345 +/- 113 pmol/l and were attained towards the end of nursing. In 33 of these experiments simultaneous records of activity from @entity1 neurones were taken whilst chronically sampling the blood. Each neurone gave an average of seven bursts of neurosecretory activity in suckling. Onset of this bursting pattern of discharge began 5-24 s before the rise in plasma @entity1 was detected. @entity1 neurone activity alone was monitored in a further 55 suckling periods in eight @entity0 . A marked relationship between the duration of suckling period, milk yield, peak @entity1 levels and the length of neurosecretory bursts was demonstrated over the course of lactation. All four parameters increased in parallel from day 1 to reach maximal values on days 15-20 of lactation then started to wane until the doe ceased nursing her litter on days 25-27 of lactation.

title: Aspects of the neuronal and endocrine components of reflex milk ejection in conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 with locally advanced primary or recurrent @entity1 have a poor prognosis. The doses of external radiation necessary to treat gross or microscopic recurrent disease in @entity0 previously irradiated exceed the doses tolerated by normal tissue [1,3-5]. IORT has been added to the treatment armamentarium in this group of @entity0 to maximize local control and minimize the radiation exposure to dose-limiting surrounding structures. In addition, IORT may improve the long-term local control and the overall survival rates in @entity0 with pelvic sidewall or para-aortic nodal recurrence [1,4,5]. The most encouraging results are seen in cases of microscopic @entity2 following surgical debulking [4,6]. In @entity1 , IORT has served to reiterate the importance of optimal surgical resection. Higher 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates have been documented in @entity0 who have microscopic @entity2 , compared with those who have gross @entity2 [1,3-6]. IORT in the management of @entity1 has not been used extensively. In @entity4 , where surgery alone often results in suboptimal treatment results, IORT seems to be well tolerated and controls local disease [2,27,29,30]. Because of the chemoresistant nature of @entity4 , IORT may play an important role in the future in the management of locally advanced and recurrent @entity4 . In @entity3 , IORT had been used in combination with chemotherapy and EBRT, as part of bladder-sparing protocols. The data suggest that IORT in this @entity0 population is also well tolerated, and may become more widely used as less radical surgical procedures gain clinical importance. IORT in the treatment of prostate and @entity1 has not been used frequently, given the highly efficacious treatment modalities currently available to treat these @entity1 . A review of institutional experiences with IORT may allow the establishment of guidelines for @entity0 selection. These criteria, in turn, may be useful in the design of clinical trials. The construction, execution, and evaluation of clinical trials are mandatory to adequately assess the role of IORT in the treatment of @entity0 with gynecologic and @entity1 .

title: Intraoperative radiation therapy in the management of gynecologic and genitourinary XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Our objective was to develop an operation for morbid @entity1 that would be simple, safe, and effective and yet have few long-term adverse physiologic effects. Vertical gastroplasty was chosen. A small proximal gastric pouch was fashioned by stapling vertically beginning 5 cm distal to the @entity3 along the lesser curvature of the stomach and ending just lateral to the esophagogastric junction along the greater curvature. A 1.1-cm channel through the staple line was left near the lesser curvature of the stomach. No gastric incisions, enterostomies, or anastomoses were necessary. Among 57 @entity0 (with a mean +/- SEM preoperative weight of 136 +/- 4.5 kg) operated on since January 1981, no @entity2 occurred and no gastric reoperations were done. The hospital stay was short (mean, 9 days). In 32 @entity0 who were followed up for 1 year or longer, the mean percentage of excess weight lost was 39% at 6 months, 43% at 12 months, and 34% at 24 months. Two @entity0 had disruption of the staple line and regained weight by 24 months postoperatively. Channel @entity4 occurred within 6 months after operation in seven @entity0 , all of whom were managed successfully with endoscopic dilation. We conclude that vertical gastroplasty is a simple, safe operation for morbid @entity1 with few adverse sequelae, but the percentage of excess weight lost during a 1- to 4-year follow-up exceeded 50% in only 31% of our @entity0 .

title: Vertical gastroplasty for morbid XXXX : clinical experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: R0 resection of locally advanced or recurrent @entity1 is the key determinant of outcome. Disease extension high on the sacrum has been considered a contraindication to surgery because of associated morbidity and difficulty in achieving complete pathological resection. Total sacrectomy has a high morbidity with poor function. METHOD: We describe a novel technique of high subcortical sacrectomy (HiSS) to facilitate complete resection of disease extending to the upper sacrum at S1 and S2 to avoid high or total sacrectomy or a nonoperative approach to management. Details of @entity0 demographics, radiology, operative details, postoperative histology, length of hospital stay and complications were entered into a prospectively maintained electronic @entity0 database. All @entity0 had had preoperative chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: During 2013-2014, five @entity0 , including three with advanced primary @entity1 and two with recurrent @entity1 , underwent excision using this approach. All @entity0 had an R0 resection. Four @entity0 had a minor @entity2 (Clavien-Dindo Grades I and II) and one had a major complication (Clavien-Dindo Grade IIIb). There was no mortality at 90  days, and four @entity0 were disease free at a median of 18  months. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with locally advanced and recurrent @entity1 involving the upper sacrum may be rendered suitable for potentially curative radical resection with a modified approach to sacral resection. This pilot series suggests that this novel technique results in a high rate of complete pathological resection with acceptable morbidity in @entity0 for whom the alternatives would have been an incomplete resection, a total sacrectomy or nonoperative management.

title: High subcortical sacrectomy: a novel approach to facilitate complete resection of locally advanced and recurrent XXXX with high (S1-S2) sacral extension.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Both early (i.e., pre- and perinatal periods) and late (i.e., adolescent period) neurodevelopmental processes are thought to participate in the etiology and pathophysiology of @entity1 . However, whether markers of these processes would be expected to predict an imminent onset of @entity4 , as is hoped in the current generation of prodromal research programs, depends on whether their disruptions result from genetic factors shared by @entity0 and some of their unaffected relatives, nongenetic factors specific to those who manifest the @entity2 phenotype, or combinations of these sets of influences. Here we present recent work deriving primarily from high-risk and family-study (i.e., "genetic high-risk") designs, which provide a framework for investigating the neural changes that may occur proximally to the initial onset of @entity4 . This work indicates that some of the alterations in brain function and structure in @entity1 are primarily genetically mediated and also appear in some of @entity0 ' unaffected first degree relatives, while other alterations are present in individuals who manifest the @entity2 phenotype but not in relatives at genetic risk (Cannon et al. 2002a, 2002c; Van Erp et al. 2002). Whereas the primarily genetically mediated deficits shared by at-risk but nonsymptomatic relatives are not likely to show differential change in the premorbid period and may be necessary but clearly not sufficient for the development of @entity4 , the deficits specific to @entity0 who manifest the @entity2 phenotype are good candidates for marking the neurobiological processes associated with the emergence of @entity4 at the time of @entity1 onset. Preliminary results from longitudinal studies of individuals ascertained initially in a prodromal (i.e., "clinical high-risk") state appear to be interpretable within this framework. A number of questions arising from this line of inquiry need to be addressed in the current generation of prodromal research programs: To what extent do the neural systems affected by early and late neurodevelopmental influences overlap? Is there likely to be a @entity1 -related disturbance in the processes associated with adolescent brain maturation, or are these maturational processes themselves intact, participating in @entity4 onset only indirectly, by promoting a neurobiological context in which the early @entity3 can be expressed in @entity4 ? What pattern of changes observable from in vivo imaging studies is consistent with a reduction in neuropil volume? We develop a framework for addressing these questions and evaluating their implications for understanding the roles of early and late neurodevelopmental influences in the etiology and pathophysiology of @entity1 .

title: Early and late neurodevelopmental influences in the prodrome to XXXX : contributions of genes, environment, and their interactions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Several, although not all, studies suggest that prolonged duration of @entity3 (DUI) predicts poor outcome in @entity5 such as @entity2 . It is unclear whether this association can be explained by factors such as @entity1 or poor premorbid adjustment. First @entity4 @entity0 were evaluated at 1 and 2 years following baseline evaluations. Predictive measures showing significant correlations with outcome were entered in multiple regression analyses with Strauss-Carpenter scale (SC) and Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF) outcome scores as dependent variables. Illness duration computed from the onset of the prodrome (DUI-pro), used both as a dichotomous and as a continuous measure, highly significantly predicted both GAF and SC scores at 2 years. On the other hand, baseline functioning significantly predicted the 1-year but not the 2-year outcome. When Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) scores were additionally entered into the analyses in a smaller subset, the relation between DUI-pro and the 2-year outcome scores remained significant. Significant associations were also seen between outcome and baseline neuropsychological @entity6 . Further research is needed to examine whether prolonged @entity3 is simply associated with poor outcome or plays a causal role in relation to outcome. The latter, if true, would strongly support therapeutic intervention efforts in the prodromal and early @entity4 phases of @entity2 .

title: Prolonged XXXX duration from prodromal onset predicts outcome in first @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Several, although not all, studies suggest that prolonged duration of @entity3 (DUI) predicts poor outcome in @entity5 such as @entity2 . It is unclear whether this association can be explained by factors such as @entity1 or poor premorbid adjustment. First @entity4 @entity0 were evaluated at 1 and 2 years following baseline evaluations. Predictive measures showing significant correlations with outcome were entered in multiple regression analyses with Strauss-Carpenter scale (SC) and Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF) outcome scores as dependent variables. Illness duration computed from the onset of the prodrome (DUI-pro), used both as a dichotomous and as a continuous measure, highly significantly predicted both GAF and SC scores at 2 years. On the other hand, baseline functioning significantly predicted the 1-year but not the 2-year outcome. When Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) scores were additionally entered into the analyses in a smaller subset, the relation between DUI-pro and the 2-year outcome scores remained significant. Significant associations were also seen between outcome and baseline neuropsychological @entity6 . Further research is needed to examine whether prolonged @entity3 is simply associated with poor outcome or plays a causal role in relation to outcome. The latter, if true, would strongly support therapeutic intervention efforts in the prodromal and early @entity4 phases of @entity2 .

title: Prolonged @entity3 duration from prodromal onset predicts outcome in first XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the results of surgery for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity2 . DESIGN: Prospective data collection, with randomized, blind assessment of speech and velopharyngeal function on lateral videofluoroscopy and nasendoscopy. SETTING: Two-site, tertiary referral cleft unit. @entity0 : Forty-two consecutive @entity0 with the 22q11 deletion underwent surgery for symptomatic @entity1 by a single surgeon. INTERVENTIONS: Intraoral examinations, lateral videofluoroscopy (+/- nasendoscopy) and intraoperative evaluation of the position of the velar muscles through the operating microscope. Based on these findings, either a radical dissection and retropositioning of the velar muscles ( @entity3 [ @entity5 repair]) or a Hynes pharyngoplasty (posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation pharyngoplasty) was performed. As anticipated, a proportion of @entity0 undergoing @entity5 repair subsequently required a Hynes. The aim of this staged approach was to maximize velar function, thereby enabling a less obstructive pharyngoplasty to be performed. Thus, there were three surgical groups for analysis: @entity5 alone, Hynes alone, and @entity5 +Hynes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blind perceptual rating of resonance and nasal airflow; blind assessment of velopharyngeal function on lateral videofluoroscopy and nasendoscopy; and identification of predictive factors. RESULTS: Significant improvement in @entity4 in all three groups. The @entity5 +Hynes group also showed significant improvement in nasal emission. There were significant improvements in the extended and resting velar lengths following @entity5 repair and a trend toward increased velocity of closure. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on velopharyngeal anatomy and function, there is a role for @entity5 repair, Hynes pharyngoplasty, and a staged combination of @entity5 +Hynes, all of which are procedures with a low morbidity.

title: Surgical management of @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the results of surgery for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity2 . DESIGN: Prospective data collection, with randomized, blind assessment of speech and velopharyngeal function on lateral videofluoroscopy and nasendoscopy. SETTING: Two-site, tertiary referral cleft unit. @entity0 : Forty-two consecutive @entity0 with the 22q11 deletion underwent surgery for symptomatic @entity1 by a single surgeon. INTERVENTIONS: Intraoral examinations, lateral videofluoroscopy (+/- nasendoscopy) and intraoperative evaluation of the position of the velar muscles through the operating microscope. Based on these findings, either a radical dissection and retropositioning of the velar muscles ( @entity3 [ @entity5 repair]) or a Hynes pharyngoplasty (posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation pharyngoplasty) was performed. As anticipated, a proportion of @entity0 undergoing @entity5 repair subsequently required a Hynes. The aim of this staged approach was to maximize velar function, thereby enabling a less obstructive pharyngoplasty to be performed. Thus, there were three surgical groups for analysis: @entity5 alone, Hynes alone, and @entity5 +Hynes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blind perceptual rating of resonance and nasal airflow; blind assessment of velopharyngeal function on lateral videofluoroscopy and nasendoscopy; and identification of predictive factors. RESULTS: Significant improvement in @entity4 in all three groups. The @entity5 +Hynes group also showed significant improvement in nasal emission. There were significant improvements in the extended and resting velar lengths following @entity5 repair and a trend toward increased velocity of closure. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on velopharyngeal anatomy and function, there is a role for @entity5 repair, Hynes pharyngoplasty, and a staged combination of @entity5 +Hynes, all of which are procedures with a low morbidity.

title: Surgical management of XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Affinity targeting is used to deliver nanoparticles to cells and tissues. For efficient targeting, it is critical to consider the expression and accessibility of the relevant receptors in the target cells. Here, we describe isotopically barcoded @entity3 nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a tool for auditing affinity ligand receptors in cells. Tumor penetrating peptide RPARPAR (receptor: @entity5 ) and @entity0 homing peptide GKRK (receptor: @entity6 ) were used as affinity ligands on the AgNPs. The binding and uptake of the peptide-functionalized AgNPs by cultured @entity1 and M21 @entity2 cells was dependent on the cell surface expression of the cognate peptide receptors. Barcoded peptide-functionalized AgNPs were synthesized from @entity3 and @entity4 isotopes. The cells were incubated with a cocktail of the barcoded nanoparticles [RPARPAR (R), GKRK (K), and control], and cellular binding and internalization of each type of nanoparticle was assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results of isotopic analysis were in agreement with data obtained using optical methods. Using ratiometric measurements, we were able to classify the PPC-1 cell line as mainly @entity5 -positive, with 75    5% R-AgNP uptake, and the M21 cell line as only @entity6 -positive, with 89    9% K-AgNP uptake. The isotopically barcoded multiplexed AgNPs are useful as an in vitro ratiometric phenotyping tool and have potential uses in functional evaluation of the expression of accessible homing peptide receptors in vivo.

title: Targeted XXXX nanoparticles for ratiometric cell phenotyping.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Crustaceans are covered by a cuticle that does not grow. In order for an individual to grow, the cuticle must periodically be shed (ecdysis). Replacement of the old cuticle with a new one depends on processes that require precise timing and control, yet the nature and location of these controls remain unclear. A candidate site for them is within the hypodermal microvilli. These cellular structures extend through pore canals deep into the acellular cuticular matrix. Changes in the lipid composition of hypodermal microvilli could modulate water and ion fluxes and enzyme activities during critical stages of the molt cycle; however, the lipid composition of these structures has not been assessed during the molt cycle. Data presented here show that phospholipids isolated from hypodermal microvilli of @entity4 initially have elevated levels of n-6 @entity2 that decline steadily beginning just after ecdysis. Experiments with liposomes reveal that n-6 @entity2 decrease the @entity1 permeability of membranes, suggesting that the initially elevated levels in the cuticle may function to reduce @entity1 flux from the cuticle into the hypodermis. In addition, the ratio of @entity0 to phospholipid and the proportion of @entity3 in membrane phospholipids are maximal at 6 h post-ecdysis. It is known that changes in @entity0 and @entity3 content alter membrane permeability to water. It is, therefore possible that water flux through hypodermal membranes is also modulated in the early post-molt cuticle. Changes in microvillar lipid composition might serve importantly to control biomineralization in the post-ecdysal cuticle.

title: The lipid composition of hypodermal membranes from the XXXX ( @entity4 ) changes during the molt cycle and alters hypodermal @entity1 permeability.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Crustaceans are covered by a cuticle that does not grow. In order for an individual to grow, the cuticle must periodically be shed (ecdysis). Replacement of the old cuticle with a new one depends on processes that require precise timing and control, yet the nature and location of these controls remain unclear. A candidate site for them is within the hypodermal microvilli. These cellular structures extend through pore canals deep into the acellular cuticular matrix. Changes in the lipid composition of hypodermal microvilli could modulate water and ion fluxes and enzyme activities during critical stages of the molt cycle; however, the lipid composition of these structures has not been assessed during the molt cycle. Data presented here show that phospholipids isolated from hypodermal microvilli of @entity4 initially have elevated levels of n-6 @entity2 that decline steadily beginning just after ecdysis. Experiments with liposomes reveal that n-6 @entity2 decrease the @entity1 permeability of membranes, suggesting that the initially elevated levels in the cuticle may function to reduce @entity1 flux from the cuticle into the hypodermis. In addition, the ratio of @entity0 to phospholipid and the proportion of @entity3 in membrane phospholipids are maximal at 6 h post-ecdysis. It is known that changes in @entity0 and @entity3 content alter membrane permeability to water. It is, therefore possible that water flux through hypodermal membranes is also modulated in the early post-molt cuticle. Changes in microvillar lipid composition might serve importantly to control biomineralization in the post-ecdysal cuticle.

title: The lipid composition of hypodermal membranes from the @entity4 ( XXXX ) changes during the molt cycle and alters hypodermal @entity1 permeability.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Crustaceans are covered by a cuticle that does not grow. In order for an individual to grow, the cuticle must periodically be shed (ecdysis). Replacement of the old cuticle with a new one depends on processes that require precise timing and control, yet the nature and location of these controls remain unclear. A candidate site for them is within the hypodermal microvilli. These cellular structures extend through pore canals deep into the acellular cuticular matrix. Changes in the lipid composition of hypodermal microvilli could modulate water and ion fluxes and enzyme activities during critical stages of the molt cycle; however, the lipid composition of these structures has not been assessed during the molt cycle. Data presented here show that phospholipids isolated from hypodermal microvilli of @entity4 initially have elevated levels of n-6 @entity2 that decline steadily beginning just after ecdysis. Experiments with liposomes reveal that n-6 @entity2 decrease the @entity1 permeability of membranes, suggesting that the initially elevated levels in the cuticle may function to reduce @entity1 flux from the cuticle into the hypodermis. In addition, the ratio of @entity0 to phospholipid and the proportion of @entity3 in membrane phospholipids are maximal at 6 h post-ecdysis. It is known that changes in @entity0 and @entity3 content alter membrane permeability to water. It is, therefore possible that water flux through hypodermal membranes is also modulated in the early post-molt cuticle. Changes in microvillar lipid composition might serve importantly to control biomineralization in the post-ecdysal cuticle.

title: The lipid composition of hypodermal membranes from the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) changes during the molt cycle and alters hypodermal XXXX permeability.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with @entity1 of the thumb, the metacarpophalangeal joint often undergoes radial deviation to compensate for a narrow first web space. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the thumb and index finger in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), by measuring the thumb-index angle on radiographs taken while the @entity0 held a @entity3 foam cone. METHODS: Investigation was carried out on nine @entity0 (13 cases: four bilateral and five unilateral) with @entity2 . The average @entity0 age was 4.4 years (range, 2.6-7.2 years). Overhead radiographs were obtained while the @entity0 held a @entity3 foam cone. The radiographs were used to evaluate the apparent thumb-index web angle, the thumb to index finger metacarpal angle (1-2MCA), and the first metacarpophalangeal angle (1MPA). RESULTS: In the five unilateral cases, significant differences were seen on the affected versus unaffected sides in 1-2MCA and 1MPA. All 13 cases were treated surgically, and significant differences were observed between the groups before surgery and 2 years after surgery in the 1-2MCA and 1MPA. In addition, the mean postoperative 1MPA in the bilateral cases was significantly smaller compared with the unilateral cases. CONCLUSIONS: This radiographic technique enabled us to evaluate the severity of the thumb-index web-space narrowing and the radial instability of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint in @entity0 with @entity2 . The bilateral cases tended to show better rehabilitative improvement compared with the unilateral ones, probably because the latter @entity0 could use their unaffected hand.

title: Evaluation of the first web-space narrowing in XXXX with Z-deformity.

answer: @entity1


abstract: For some small @entity1 electrofulguration can be an attractive alternative to more extensive surgical procedures. This report is a review of 49 @entity0 who, after careful selection, were considered ideal candidates for curative fulguration in the period 1959-1982. All had @entity3 and were clinically staged as Dukes' @entity1 . To put the results of this analysis into perspective, they are compared to the results of those @entity0 (34) who also had early clinical stage @entity3 , but for a variety of reasons underwent abdominoperineal excisions (APE, 11 @entity0 ) or low-anterior resections (LAR, 23 @entity0 ) instead of fulguration. @entity2 after fulguration were minimal, there were no postoperative deaths, and all @entity0 retained anal continence. After APE or LAR there were two postoperative deaths (one @entity4 , one @entity5 ); postoperative morbidity was greater. All LAR-treated @entity0 remained continent. Of the @entity0 at risk 55% remained disease-free after fulguration, while 77% remained disease-free after APE or LAR (P = 0.023). This is due to a higher percentage of loco-regional recurrences occurring after fulguration than after APE or LAR (31% vs 9%, respectively, P = 0.021). The percentage of @entity0 with distant metastases in both groups are similar. It seems that electrofulguration of @entity1 , even in strictly selected @entity0 in a specialized institution, can lead to an unacceptably high percentage of @entity0 with loco-regional recurrences. Nearly all local failures occurred in @entity0 with @entity1 that measured more than 3 cm in diameter and/or occupied more than one-third of the rectal circumference. Salvage operations for loco-regional failure were performed in 13 @entity0 , 5 of whom are alive with no evidence of disease. Since there seems to be a direct relation between @entity1 size and the chance of loco-regional recurrence and since salvage operations for local failure are not uniformly successful, electrofulguration for cure must be reserved for the very rare @entity0 with a very small early-stage @entity1 .

title: Early-stage XXXX : electrofulguration in comparison to abdominoperineal extirpation or low-anterior resection.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Thirty one (78%) of 40 consecutive @entity0 (aged 13-79, mean 44 years) with @entity7 had @entity5 at presentation. Twenty six (65%) had had @entity12 and 17 (43%) @entity0 had prosthetic valves. Eight (20%) @entity0 had undergone dental procedures within three months of presentation. Blood cultures were positive in only 22 (55%) of the @entity0 . In nine (41%) of them streptococci of the viridans group were isolated and in seven (32%) @entity0 @entity7 was due to @entity6 . Eight @entity0 had @entity10 . Sixteen @entity0 required operation because of @entity11 while they were in hospital; 11 @entity0 had native valves and five had prosthetic valves. Seven had emergency operations and were pyrexial at that time. Four of the seven died in hospital. Of the 12 who were alive and well after surgery only two required further surgery two and three years after the initial operation. Twelve (30%) of the 40 @entity0 died in hospital; in 10 death was mainly due to @entity8 or @entity5 . All @entity0 died who had @entity2 (four cases), @entity3 (two cases), complete @entity4 (one case), or @entity9 (two cases) before operation. Six (33%) of the 18 @entity0 with @entity7 died. Two of the four @entity0 seen and treated more than 12 weeks after the onset of symptoms died, as did three of the five @entity0 with prosthetic valves who required surgery while in hospital. Three @entity0 with @entity1 survived and only two (29%) of the seven @entity0 with blood cultures that were positive for @entity6 died. Of these 40 high risk patients optimal antibiotic treatment and early surgery for haemodynamic difficulty ensured that 28 (70%) were discharged from hospital alive and well.

title: XXXX associated with @entity7 . A review of 40 cases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Thirty one (78%) of 40 consecutive @entity0 (aged 13-79, mean 44 years) with @entity7 had @entity5 at presentation. Twenty six (65%) had had @entity12 and 17 (43%) @entity0 had prosthetic valves. Eight (20%) @entity0 had undergone dental procedures within three months of presentation. Blood cultures were positive in only 22 (55%) of the @entity0 . In nine (41%) of them streptococci of the viridans group were isolated and in seven (32%) @entity0 @entity7 was due to @entity6 . Eight @entity0 had @entity10 . Sixteen @entity0 required operation because of @entity11 while they were in hospital; 11 @entity0 had native valves and five had prosthetic valves. Seven had emergency operations and were pyrexial at that time. Four of the seven died in hospital. Of the 12 who were alive and well after surgery only two required further surgery two and three years after the initial operation. Twelve (30%) of the 40 @entity0 died in hospital; in 10 death was mainly due to @entity8 or @entity5 . All @entity0 died who had @entity2 (four cases), @entity3 (two cases), complete @entity4 (one case), or @entity9 (two cases) before operation. Six (33%) of the 18 @entity0 with @entity7 died. Two of the four @entity0 seen and treated more than 12 weeks after the onset of symptoms died, as did three of the five @entity0 with prosthetic valves who required surgery while in hospital. Three @entity0 with @entity1 survived and only two (29%) of the seven @entity0 with blood cultures that were positive for @entity6 died. Of these 40 high risk patients optimal antibiotic treatment and early surgery for haemodynamic difficulty ensured that 28 (70%) were discharged from hospital alive and well.

title: @entity5 associated with XXXX . A review of 40 cases.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity4 involving @entity2 are reviewed in this study. These are indicated by the correspondence between groupings of clinical manifestations and anatomical vascular distributions. Confirmatory evidence is provided by mishaps, following diagnostic or therapeutic angiography. Three systems play a role in the vascularization of cranial nerves: the inferolateral trunk (ILT), most often arising from the internal carotid artery, the middle meningeal system (MMS), and the @entity3 ( @entity3 ); the latter two are both derived from the external carotid artery. Conclusions concerning the ILT are least definite because of variations in vascular territory and the lack of confirmation from embolic events in a vascular region that is rarely the site of embolization. The specific ILT territory includes @entity2 , VI and V1. Knowledge of the vascularization of nerve III may furnish explanations as to its different modes of @entity0 . For the MMS, the cranial nerves concerned are V2, V3 and VII. Two vascular territories for the intrapetrous portion of nerve VII are defined: the first (stylomastoid artery) is limited to nerve VII; the second (MMS) supplies VII and V. Two examples of involvement of VII and V following selective MMS embolization are presented. A study of @entity6 associated with nerve @entity1 is summarized. The @entity3 supplies nerves IX, X, XI and XII; XI has a dual vascularization which explains why it can either be spared (as was the case in an angiographic accident) or involved (as in a case of @entity5 ). A vascular mechanism should be considered when @entity2 occur in the syndromes described here.

title: XXXX . A review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A new @entity7 , @entity7 , is described, based on observations on 17 cases (8 males and 9 females) in 8 families, including an autopsied case. The disease developed in young adults. Muscle weakness and @entity2 were most marked in the distal parts of the legs, especially in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, and then spread to the thighs and gluteal muscles. Early impairment of standing on tip-toe with retention of the ability to stand on the heels was conspicuous. Difficulty in climbing stairs, standing up and walking subsequently appeared, but rarely progressed to confinement to bed. The forearms became mildly @entity6 , with decrease in grip strength, but the small hand muscles were spared. The EMG showed @entity1 and nerve conduction was normal. Serum @entity4 kinase activity was characteristically increased up to 100-fold in the early stages of the disease. It was also markedly increased in subjects in the preclinical stage and mildly in some heterozygotes. Muscle biopsies revealed @entity1 with severe segmental @entity0 accompanied by regeneration. The changes were similar to those of @entity5 . An autopsied case, aged 68 years, showed generalized @entity1 with a distal predominance. The muscles in the lower legs, especially those of the @entity3 , were severely affected. No lesions were found in the brain, spinal cord or peripheral nerves.

title: XXXX as a new @entity7 . Seventeen cases in eight families including an autopsied case.

answer: @entity7


abstract: A new @entity7 , @entity7 , is described, based on observations on 17 cases (8 males and 9 females) in 8 families, including an autopsied case. The disease developed in young adults. Muscle weakness and @entity2 were most marked in the distal parts of the legs, especially in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, and then spread to the thighs and gluteal muscles. Early impairment of standing on tip-toe with retention of the ability to stand on the heels was conspicuous. Difficulty in climbing stairs, standing up and walking subsequently appeared, but rarely progressed to confinement to bed. The forearms became mildly @entity6 , with decrease in grip strength, but the small hand muscles were spared. The EMG showed @entity1 and nerve conduction was normal. Serum @entity4 kinase activity was characteristically increased up to 100-fold in the early stages of the disease. It was also markedly increased in subjects in the preclinical stage and mildly in some heterozygotes. Muscle biopsies revealed @entity1 with severe segmental @entity0 accompanied by regeneration. The changes were similar to those of @entity5 . An autopsied case, aged 68 years, showed generalized @entity1 with a distal predominance. The muscles in the lower legs, especially those of the @entity3 , were severely affected. No lesions were found in the brain, spinal cord or peripheral nerves.

title: @entity7 as a new XXXX . Seventeen cases in eight families including an autopsied case.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Between April 1971 and January 1985, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Division of Surgical Oncology has seen 649 @entity0 diagnosed with thin primary @entity3 , as defined by a Clark level less than IV and Breslow depth less than 0.76 mm. Thirty-six @entity0 , whose primary diagnosis was confirmed by UCLA pathologists, presented with or subsequently developed @entity3 @entity1 . Twenty-four (67%) had Clark level II lesions, whereas the remaining 12 (33%) had Clark level III lesions. @entity1 were noted more frequently in @entity0 than in @entity0 , with a @entity0 -to- @entity0 ratio of 3 to 2. The site of the @entity2 in this group was most frequently on the trunk (16 of 36 cases, 44%), followed by the head and neck (9 of 36 cases, 25%) and arm and shoulder (7 of 36 cases, 19%). Metastasizing thin lesions were least likely to occur on the leg and hip (4 of 36 cases, 11%). Twenty of these lesions were recently reexamined, and 17 of 20 cases (85%) demonstrated evidence of regression. Twenty-eight @entity0 (78%) had their first @entity1 to regional lymph nodes. Fifteen remained alive with no evidence of disease at a median follow-up of 99 months. Twenty @entity0 died from systemic @entity1 , and one @entity0 was alive with brain metastasis at the time of this article. Although infrequent, @entity1 from thin @entity3 do occur, suggesting the need for careful long-term follow-up and immediate investigation of adenopathy even in low-risk @entity0 .

title: Recurrence potential of thin primary XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Five @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), aged 6 weeks to 3 years, were treated with @entity3 . The drug dosage ranged from 100 to 200 mg/m2 administered biweekly until remission was achieved, and then at 1- to 3-week intervals as maintenance therapy. Intrathecal @entity2 was given to two @entity0 with central nervous system involvement. All @entity0 attained remission. Systemic relapses often ensued in all @entity0 when @entity3 was delayed because of myelosuppression, or after attempts to lengthen the treatment interval, but they initially responded again to a more intensive chemotherapy schedule. To date, four of the @entity0 died from disseminated disease and @entity1 15 to 20 months from the time of diagnosis. One @entity0 is alive and well 20 months from diagnosis. Three of the dead @entity0 had become refractory to the drug. Our observations show that @entity3 induces remissions and prolongs survival in @entity4 . However, since the @entity0 eventually become refractory to the drug and die of the disease, additional forms of therapy are required to improve the outlook of affected @entity0 .

title: Use of XXXX in the treatment of @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Five @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), aged 6 weeks to 3 years, were treated with @entity3 . The drug dosage ranged from 100 to 200 mg/m2 administered biweekly until remission was achieved, and then at 1- to 3-week intervals as maintenance therapy. Intrathecal @entity2 was given to two @entity0 with central nervous system involvement. All @entity0 attained remission. Systemic relapses often ensued in all @entity0 when @entity3 was delayed because of myelosuppression, or after attempts to lengthen the treatment interval, but they initially responded again to a more intensive chemotherapy schedule. To date, four of the @entity0 died from disseminated disease and @entity1 15 to 20 months from the time of diagnosis. One @entity0 is alive and well 20 months from diagnosis. Three of the dead @entity0 had become refractory to the drug. Our observations show that @entity3 induces remissions and prolongs survival in @entity4 . However, since the @entity0 eventually become refractory to the drug and die of the disease, additional forms of therapy are required to improve the outlook of affected @entity0 .

title: Use of @entity3 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In a series of 704 @entity2 @entity0 who were admitted to the Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-AKITA during the last 9.5 years (from October, 1974 to March, 1983), angiographic features of the internal carotid-vertebrobasilar system and related @entity3 were analyzed with reference to the site of @entity2 . The age distribution was from 20 to 78 years (mean age 53 years) and the @entity0 to @entity0 ratio was 1:1.1. The total number of the @entity2 was 866. The site distribution of @entity2 consisted of 230 (27%) anterior communicating, 269 (31%) middle cerebral, 282 (38%) internal carotid, 54 (6%) anterior cerebral, 45 (5%) vertebrobasilar and 6 other arteries. More than one @entity2 were found out in 137 cases. The total number of performed cerebral angiograms was 1840, in which right carotid arterial angiograms were 652, left carotid 644 and vertebral 544. Angiographic features of the posterior communicating arteries (Pcom) with or without internal carotid-Pcom @entity2 were compared one side with the other, statistically revealing that the morphological factor of the Pcom did not play an important role in the development of the @entity1 at this portion. Anomalies of the posterior cerebral artery directly originated from the internal carotid artery were found in 9 cases, and three of them had the @entity2 at their origin. Anomalous carotid-basilar anastomoses were seen in 7 cases, namely 6 persistent primitive trigeminal arteries (2 of them were @entity4 variants) and one persistent primitive hypoglossal artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Angiographic analysis of the internal carotid-vertebrobasilar system with @entity1 --with special interest in the morphological aspect including so-called XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: In a series of 704 @entity2 @entity0 who were admitted to the Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-AKITA during the last 9.5 years (from October, 1974 to March, 1983), angiographic features of the internal carotid-vertebrobasilar system and related @entity3 were analyzed with reference to the site of @entity2 . The age distribution was from 20 to 78 years (mean age 53 years) and the @entity0 to @entity0 ratio was 1:1.1. The total number of the @entity2 was 866. The site distribution of @entity2 consisted of 230 (27%) anterior communicating, 269 (31%) middle cerebral, 282 (38%) internal carotid, 54 (6%) anterior cerebral, 45 (5%) vertebrobasilar and 6 other arteries. More than one @entity2 were found out in 137 cases. The total number of performed cerebral angiograms was 1840, in which right carotid arterial angiograms were 652, left carotid 644 and vertebral 544. Angiographic features of the posterior communicating arteries (Pcom) with or without internal carotid-Pcom @entity2 were compared one side with the other, statistically revealing that the morphological factor of the Pcom did not play an important role in the development of the @entity1 at this portion. Anomalies of the posterior cerebral artery directly originated from the internal carotid artery were found in 9 cases, and three of them had the @entity2 at their origin. Anomalous carotid-basilar anastomoses were seen in 7 cases, namely 6 persistent primitive trigeminal arteries (2 of them were @entity4 variants) and one persistent primitive hypoglossal artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Angiographic analysis of the internal carotid-vertebrobasilar system with XXXX --with special interest in the morphological aspect including so-called @entity3 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A long-term result after total removal of a @entity5 in early infancy is reported. The @entity0 was a 5-month-old @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity4 and right @entity6 occurring acutely and shortly before admission. Plain skull films, In-113m brain scintiscanning and carotid angiography revealed a @entity1 located widely over both frontal lobes. At operation, the @entity1 , originated from the base of the anterior half of the cranial cavity. A mature @entity2 weighing 320 grams was totally removed without sacrificing the adjacent brain and vessels. Both cerebral hemispheres were found severely compressed by the @entity1 . Postoperative respiratory and @entity4 were well controlled. The @entity0 was discharged in the third month after operation. At present, 13 years after operation, he is developing normally for his age. In the junior high school, he studies and plays sports with no handicap. Computed tomography reveals no recurrence of the @entity1 . EEG shows reactive pattern of activity and small, but rare spikes in the frontal area. And his pituitary function is revealed to be normal.

title: [A case of XXXX in early infancy. A 13 years' follow-up study after operation].

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This is the first report to evaluate changes in nasal resistance in a preclinical animal model using the forced oscillation method. METHODS: The method involves characterizing pressure-flow relationships of the respiratory system due to external oscillatory forces. RESULTS: First, we evaluated changes in nasal resistance using an established small-animal rhinometric technique. In these studies, aerosolized ovalbumin (3%) administered to the nasal cavity of ovalbumin-sensitized @entity1 increased nasal resistance at 30 min by 99 +/- 14%. The @entity0 H1 antagonists, @entity4 (1 mg/kg i.v.) and @entity3 (1 mg/kg i.v.), blocked the increase in nasal resistance due to ovalbumin provocation (50 +/- 17% and 39 +/- 11% over baseline, respectively). The alpha-adrenergic agonist @entity2 (3 mg/ kg i.v.) had no effect on the nasal actions of ovalbumin. In separate studies, nasal resistance was measured at 2 Hz by forced oscillation and ovalbumin (3%) increased nasal resistance by 91 +/- 14%. @entity4 (1 mg/kg i.v.) significantly attenuated the increase in nasal resistance due to ovalbumin. Finally, changes in nasal resistance for each treatment group were evaluated at frequencies of 1 - 18 Hz. Area under the curve analysis demonstrated that @entity4 blocked the nasal obstructive effect of ovalbumin. In contrast, a pharmacologically active dose of @entity2 (3 mg/kg i.v.) did not produce decongestant activity. DISCUSSION: The current data are inconsistent with the well-established clinical efficacy of alpha-adrenergic agonists as nasal decongestants. Consequently, we suggest that allergic nasal obstruction in the @entity1 may not be the best preclinical approach to assess the nasal decongestant activity of vasoconstrictor alpha-adrenergic agonists. Additionally, our studies demonstrate the utility of the forced oscillation technique in assessing changes in nasal resistance in small laboratory animals.

title: Characterization of nasal obstruction in the allergic XXXX using the forced oscillation method.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) in diagnosing @entity4 ( @entity4 , birth weight < 10% for gestational age) in @entity0 with chronic @entity2 . METHODS: All pregnant @entity0 with @entity2 delivered during a 5-year period at three centers were identified retrospectively. @entity0 with gestational @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity5 and absence of a sonographic examination within 3 weeks of delivery were excluded. Likelihood ratio (LR) and guidelines established by the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group were used to determine whether sonographic EFW is a reliable diagnostic test to detect @entity4 . RESULTS: At the three centers, there were 264 @entity0 with chronic @entity2 (122, 77 and 65 at centers I, II and III, respectively). The incidence of @entity4 ranged from 13% to 27% but was similar at the three locations (p = 0.064). The LR (with 95% confidence interval (CI)) of detecting @entity4 was 4.4 (95% CI 2.5, 7.7), 2.3 (95% CI 1.4, 3.7) and 6.1 (95% CI 2.7, 13.7) at centers I, II and III, respectively. Based on the proportions of abnormal growth, we required 253 and 71 newborns with fetal growth restriction at centers I and II, respectively, to have narrow confidence intervals around the clinically important LR of 10. The extremely low incidence of @entity4 at center III (13%) precluded the estimation of required sample size. CONCLUSION: Use of Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group guidelines indicates that sonographic EFW is slightly to moderately useful in detecting fetal growth restriction in @entity0 with chronic @entity2 .

title: Detection of fetal growth restriction in @entity0 with chronic XXXX : is it feasible?

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) in diagnosing @entity4 ( @entity4 , birth weight < 10% for gestational age) in @entity0 with chronic @entity2 . METHODS: All pregnant @entity0 with @entity2 delivered during a 5-year period at three centers were identified retrospectively. @entity0 with gestational @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity5 and absence of a sonographic examination within 3 weeks of delivery were excluded. Likelihood ratio (LR) and guidelines established by the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group were used to determine whether sonographic EFW is a reliable diagnostic test to detect @entity4 . RESULTS: At the three centers, there were 264 @entity0 with chronic @entity2 (122, 77 and 65 at centers I, II and III, respectively). The incidence of @entity4 ranged from 13% to 27% but was similar at the three locations (p = 0.064). The LR (with 95% confidence interval (CI)) of detecting @entity4 was 4.4 (95% CI 2.5, 7.7), 2.3 (95% CI 1.4, 3.7) and 6.1 (95% CI 2.7, 13.7) at centers I, II and III, respectively. Based on the proportions of abnormal growth, we required 253 and 71 newborns with fetal growth restriction at centers I and II, respectively, to have narrow confidence intervals around the clinically important LR of 10. The extremely low incidence of @entity4 at center III (13%) precluded the estimation of required sample size. CONCLUSION: Use of Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group guidelines indicates that sonographic EFW is slightly to moderately useful in detecting fetal growth restriction in @entity0 with chronic @entity2 .

title: Detection of fetal growth restriction in XXXX with chronic @entity2 : is it feasible?

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to show the number of cases in which the use of fusion-guided ultrasonography (US) provided conclusive diagnosis of lesions in the liver seen on CT or MRI or PET/CT. @entity4 is defined as a region that has @entity2 due to @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity0 of whom 34 had confirmed @entity1 , referred to US evaluation or US-guided biopsy of @entity5 seen on CT (n = 35), MRI (n = 2) or PET/CT (n = 3), were prospectively included in the study. We used a LOGIQ prototype system with incorporated software for fusion imaging, and a convex-array 4 MHz transducer (GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, UK). All @entity0 were initially examined with B-mode US, then by fusion-guided US and for some @entity0 also with CEUS. All @entity0 received follow-up after at least one year. RESULTS: Twenty-six lesions were initially indistinguishable with US. Of these, 9 became visible with fusion-guided US and another 4 became visible with CEUS, which facilitated a final diagnosis in 11 of these 13 @entity0 . The median @entity1 size for all lesions included in the study was 1.5 cm (interquartile range: 1.0 - 2.4). There was no statistically significant difference in @entity1 size between the groups. CONCLUSION: We have successfully demonstrated an increase in the characterization of @entity5 by using fusion-guided US compared with conventional B-mode US.

title: Characterization by biopsy or CEUS of XXXX guided by image fusion between ultrasonography and CT, PET/CT or MRI.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 caused by @entity6 or duct stricture is one of the more common causes of non-infectious unilateral facial selling. @entity4 of the head and neck are less common but may present with intermittent @entity1 . Phleboliths can be found in venous malformations of nearly all adult @entity0 and are a key diagnostic imaging finding. The clinical and radiographic appearance of phleboliths may resemble @entity6 , making the diagnosis more difficult. We present a case of intermittent unilateral @entity1 cause by a @entity3 involving the buccal space where the phleboliths were initially misdiagnosed as @entity6 . STUDY DESIGN: Illustrative case report and literature review. METHODS: A 48 year-old @entity0 presented to our office with 9 months of intermittent left @entity1 . On bimanual examination, multiple small firm nodules were palpated in the left cheek. A computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated multiple oval-shaped radiopaque lesions in the buccal space, initially interpreted as sialoliths. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained, confirming the diagnosis of @entity3 with phleboliths. Sialendoscopy revealed a normal appearing parotid duct system without stricture or @entity6 . Ultrasound revealed a buccal space @entity2 surrounding the distal Stensen's duct. RESULTS: Currently, the @entity0 is being observed and is clinically stable. Illustrative CT scan and MRI images are presented. A literature review shows that @entity4 mimicking @entity5 are rare. CONCLUSIONS: While unilateral @entity1 is commonly due to parotid sialoliths or parotid duct stenosis, other less common causes including @entity4 should be considered. Phleboliths and sialoliths may appear similar on ono-contrast CT scan. Ultrasound, MRI, and sialendoscopy may be helpful in determining the etiology.

title: @entity4 masquerading as XXXX and parotid obstruction: a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 caused by @entity6 or duct stricture is one of the more common causes of non-infectious unilateral facial selling. @entity4 of the head and neck are less common but may present with intermittent @entity1 . Phleboliths can be found in venous malformations of nearly all adult @entity0 and are a key diagnostic imaging finding. The clinical and radiographic appearance of phleboliths may resemble @entity6 , making the diagnosis more difficult. We present a case of intermittent unilateral @entity1 cause by a @entity3 involving the buccal space where the phleboliths were initially misdiagnosed as @entity6 . STUDY DESIGN: Illustrative case report and literature review. METHODS: A 48 year-old @entity0 presented to our office with 9 months of intermittent left @entity1 . On bimanual examination, multiple small firm nodules were palpated in the left cheek. A computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated multiple oval-shaped radiopaque lesions in the buccal space, initially interpreted as sialoliths. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained, confirming the diagnosis of @entity3 with phleboliths. Sialendoscopy revealed a normal appearing parotid duct system without stricture or @entity6 . Ultrasound revealed a buccal space @entity2 surrounding the distal Stensen's duct. RESULTS: Currently, the @entity0 is being observed and is clinically stable. Illustrative CT scan and MRI images are presented. A literature review shows that @entity4 mimicking @entity5 are rare. CONCLUSIONS: While unilateral @entity1 is commonly due to parotid sialoliths or parotid duct stenosis, other less common causes including @entity4 should be considered. Phleboliths and sialoliths may appear similar on ono-contrast CT scan. Ultrasound, MRI, and sialendoscopy may be helpful in determining the etiology.

title: XXXX masquerading as @entity6 and parotid obstruction: a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Astrocytomas are the most common and aggressive @entity5 in @entity1 . Invasiveness of these @entity2 has been attributed in part to deregulation of cell motility-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics that involves actin-binding proteins such as @entity8 . @entity6 (P4) has been found to induce migration and invasion of cells derived from @entity0 and endothelium. However, the role of P4 in migration and invasion of @entity4 cells as well as its effects on @entity4 cytoskeleton remodeling is not known. In this work we evaluated these aspects in D54 and U251 cells derived from @entity1 @entity4 from the highest degree of @entity2 (grade IV, @entity3 ). Our results showed that in scratch-wound assays P4 increased the number of D54 and U251 cells migrating from 3 to 48h. Both @entity7 , a P4 receptor (PR) antagonist, and an oligonucleotide antisense against PR significantly blocked P4 effects. Transwell assays showed that P4 significantly increased the number of invasive cells at 24h. As in the case of migration, this effect was blocked by @entity7 . Finally, by Western blotting, an increase in the @entity8 /p- @entity8 ratio at 15 and 30min and a decrease at 30 and 60min in U251 and D54 cells, respectively, was observed after P4, P4+ @entity7 and @entity7 treatments. These data suggest that P4 increases @entity1 @entity4 cells migration and invasion through its intracellular receptor, and that @entity8 activation by P4 is independent of PR action.

title: @entity6 promotes cell migration, invasion and @entity8 activation in @entity1 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Astrocytomas are the most common and aggressive @entity5 in @entity1 . Invasiveness of these @entity2 has been attributed in part to deregulation of cell motility-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics that involves actin-binding proteins such as @entity8 . @entity6 (P4) has been found to induce migration and invasion of cells derived from @entity0 and endothelium. However, the role of P4 in migration and invasion of @entity4 cells as well as its effects on @entity4 cytoskeleton remodeling is not known. In this work we evaluated these aspects in D54 and U251 cells derived from @entity1 @entity4 from the highest degree of @entity2 (grade IV, @entity3 ). Our results showed that in scratch-wound assays P4 increased the number of D54 and U251 cells migrating from 3 to 48h. Both @entity7 , a P4 receptor (PR) antagonist, and an oligonucleotide antisense against PR significantly blocked P4 effects. Transwell assays showed that P4 significantly increased the number of invasive cells at 24h. As in the case of migration, this effect was blocked by @entity7 . Finally, by Western blotting, an increase in the @entity8 /p- @entity8 ratio at 15 and 30min and a decrease at 30 and 60min in U251 and D54 cells, respectively, was observed after P4, P4+ @entity7 and @entity7 treatments. These data suggest that P4 increases @entity1 @entity4 cells migration and invasion through its intracellular receptor, and that @entity8 activation by P4 is independent of PR action.

title: @entity6 promotes cell migration, invasion and XXXX activation in @entity1 @entity4 cells.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Astrocytomas are the most common and aggressive @entity5 in @entity1 . Invasiveness of these @entity2 has been attributed in part to deregulation of cell motility-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics that involves actin-binding proteins such as @entity8 . @entity6 (P4) has been found to induce migration and invasion of cells derived from @entity0 and endothelium. However, the role of P4 in migration and invasion of @entity4 cells as well as its effects on @entity4 cytoskeleton remodeling is not known. In this work we evaluated these aspects in D54 and U251 cells derived from @entity1 @entity4 from the highest degree of @entity2 (grade IV, @entity3 ). Our results showed that in scratch-wound assays P4 increased the number of D54 and U251 cells migrating from 3 to 48h. Both @entity7 , a P4 receptor (PR) antagonist, and an oligonucleotide antisense against PR significantly blocked P4 effects. Transwell assays showed that P4 significantly increased the number of invasive cells at 24h. As in the case of migration, this effect was blocked by @entity7 . Finally, by Western blotting, an increase in the @entity8 /p- @entity8 ratio at 15 and 30min and a decrease at 30 and 60min in U251 and D54 cells, respectively, was observed after P4, P4+ @entity7 and @entity7 treatments. These data suggest that P4 increases @entity1 @entity4 cells migration and invasion through its intracellular receptor, and that @entity8 activation by P4 is independent of PR action.

title: XXXX promotes cell migration, invasion and @entity8 activation in @entity1 @entity4 cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Astrocytomas are the most common and aggressive @entity5 in @entity1 . Invasiveness of these @entity2 has been attributed in part to deregulation of cell motility-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics that involves actin-binding proteins such as @entity8 . @entity6 (P4) has been found to induce migration and invasion of cells derived from @entity0 and endothelium. However, the role of P4 in migration and invasion of @entity4 cells as well as its effects on @entity4 cytoskeleton remodeling is not known. In this work we evaluated these aspects in D54 and U251 cells derived from @entity1 @entity4 from the highest degree of @entity2 (grade IV, @entity3 ). Our results showed that in scratch-wound assays P4 increased the number of D54 and U251 cells migrating from 3 to 48h. Both @entity7 , a P4 receptor (PR) antagonist, and an oligonucleotide antisense against PR significantly blocked P4 effects. Transwell assays showed that P4 significantly increased the number of invasive cells at 24h. As in the case of migration, this effect was blocked by @entity7 . Finally, by Western blotting, an increase in the @entity8 /p- @entity8 ratio at 15 and 30min and a decrease at 30 and 60min in U251 and D54 cells, respectively, was observed after P4, P4+ @entity7 and @entity7 treatments. These data suggest that P4 increases @entity1 @entity4 cells migration and invasion through its intracellular receptor, and that @entity8 activation by P4 is independent of PR action.

title: @entity6 promotes cell migration, invasion and @entity8 activation in XXXX @entity4 cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Allergoids are widely used in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for the treatment of @entity0 , but all techniques for standardization of conventional allergic extracts may not be appropriate for standardization of a @entity4 (GA)-modified extract because of the unique characteristics of these extracts. OBJECTIVE: To assess an accurate methodology for standardization of chemically modified extracts. METHODS: GA-modified extracts from Parietaria judaica pollen were purified by diafiltration. Biochemical properties were investigated by determination of @entity3 groups, chromatography, and @entity2 -PAGE. The IgE-binding activity was determined by skin prick test, enzyme allergosorbent test inhibition, basophil activation, and @entity1 release tests. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from P. judaica pollen-allergic subjects were stimulated with either native or allergoid extracts, and proliferation was measured. RESULTS: Biochemical data indicated a high degree of allergen polymerization resulting in extract components higher than 100 kDa. IgE-binding activity, both in vivo and in vitro, was reduced by more than 99.8%. Both allergen and allergoid induced PBMC proliferation and synthesis of blocking IgG antibodies at similar rates. Moreover, no evidence of introduction of new determinants by chemical modification was found. CONCLUSIONS: The preparation of GA-modified extracts by diafiltration is faster and more reliable than previous chromatographic methods. These modified extracts have drastically reduced their allergenicity while maintaining their immunogenicity, and therefore they can be used in safer and shortened schedules of @entity5 .

title: Biological characterization of XXXX -modified Parietaria judaica pollen extracts.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Incidence and significance of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have not been established. To evaluate these issues, we studied prospectively 138 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 . An echocardiogram was obtained in each 1, 3, and 10 days and 3 and 6 months after admission. Fifty four @entity0 with @entity5 and 57 without @entity1 were studied as controls. Echocardiographic diagnostic criteria of @entity6 were established from 33 additional @entity0 undergoing surgery. @entity6 was found in 28% of @entity0 with @entity2 . Twenty-five percent of @entity0 with @entity2 had @entity6 on the third day, vs 8% of @entity0 with @entity5 (p less than .02) and 5% of @entity0 without @entity1 (p less than .01). At 1, 3, and 10 days and 3 and 6 months prevalence of @entity6 was 17%, 25%, 21%, 11%, and 8%, respectively. There was no case of tamponade. @entity6 was more common in anterior @entity2 (p less than .02) and in @entity0 with @entity3 (p less than .05) but it was not significantly associated with @entity7 , peak @entity4 kinase-MB, the level of anticoagulation, or mortality. Thus, @entity6 is a common event in @entity0 with @entity2 (incidence of 28%), but does not result in specific complications. The reabsorption rate of @entity6 is slow and, in our experience, mild or moderate @entity6 does not preclude heparin therapy.

title: XXXX in the course of @entity2 : incidence, natural history, and clinical relevance.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Incidence and significance of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have not been established. To evaluate these issues, we studied prospectively 138 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 . An echocardiogram was obtained in each 1, 3, and 10 days and 3 and 6 months after admission. Fifty four @entity0 with @entity5 and 57 without @entity1 were studied as controls. Echocardiographic diagnostic criteria of @entity6 were established from 33 additional @entity0 undergoing surgery. @entity6 was found in 28% of @entity0 with @entity2 . Twenty-five percent of @entity0 with @entity2 had @entity6 on the third day, vs 8% of @entity0 with @entity5 (p less than .02) and 5% of @entity0 without @entity1 (p less than .01). At 1, 3, and 10 days and 3 and 6 months prevalence of @entity6 was 17%, 25%, 21%, 11%, and 8%, respectively. There was no case of tamponade. @entity6 was more common in anterior @entity2 (p less than .02) and in @entity0 with @entity3 (p less than .05) but it was not significantly associated with @entity7 , peak @entity4 kinase-MB, the level of anticoagulation, or mortality. Thus, @entity6 is a common event in @entity0 with @entity2 (incidence of 28%), but does not result in specific complications. The reabsorption rate of @entity6 is slow and, in our experience, mild or moderate @entity6 does not preclude heparin therapy.

title: @entity6 in the course of XXXX : incidence, natural history, and clinical relevance.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Information on total and free serum thyroid hormone concentrations in the adult and fetal @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is limited. These variables were studied in adult male and female @entity4 and in pregnant @entity4 and their fetuses at various times during gestation. Total serum T4 levels in adult males, nonpregnant females, and pregnant females did not differ significantly [range, 2.5 +/- 0.3 to 3.2 +/- 0.8 micrograms/dl (mean +/- SD)]. Similarly, there were no significant differences in the percent free T4 (0.046-0.068%), free T4 (1.26-2.03 ng/dl), total @entity5 (39-44 ng/dl), the percent free @entity5 (0.521-0.638%), and free @entity5 (0.221-0.260 ng/dl) among adult males, nonpregnant females, and pregnant females. @entity5 was undetectable in adult male, nonpregnant female, and pregnant female guinea pig serum. T4 values were similar and those for @entity5 were lower in fetal compared to maternal serum at 45 days of gestation, whereas serum @entity5 was detectable in fetal serum. Between 45 and 62 days of gestation, fetal serum T4 increased from 2.5 to 0.3 to 4.3 +/- 1.3 micrograms/dl (mean +/- SD, P less than 0.01), fetal serum @entity5 remained unchanged, and fetal serum @entity5 increased from 5.2 +/- 3.3 to 25.0 +/- 11.4 ng/dl (P less than 0.01). Near term, fetal serum total and free T4 and total @entity5 concentrations were significantly higher and total and free @entity5 concentrations were significantly lower than the corresponding values in maternal serum. Total serum T4 is higher in the @entity4 than in the @entity2 , is similar to values in the @entity1 , and is lower than values in @entity0 . The free T4 concentration in guinea pig serum is similar to those in @entity0 and @entity1 . The ontogenesis of thyroid hormones differs strikingly in the @entity4 fetus compared to that in the @entity1 fetus and shares many similarities with @entity3 and @entity0 fetal thyroid development.

title: Total and free serum thyroid hormone concentrations in fetal and adult pregnant and nonpregnant XXXX .

answer: @entity4