abstract: OBJECTIVES: Barrett's oesophagus is a pre-neoplastic lesion, which develops as a complication of chronic @entity2 and predisposes the @entity0 to @entity3 . Our aim was to characterize karyotypic changes that may occur during the progression of Barrett's metaplasia through @entity1 and high-grade @entity4 to @entity3 . METHODS: The technique of comparative genomic hybridization was used to characterize genome-wide changes in biopsies from @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity1 plus high-grade @entity4 , high-grade @entity4 or @entity3 . Both fresh and archival material was examined. RESULTS: Comparative genomic hybridization revealed a large amount of widespread chromosome instability at the high-grade @entity4 stage. No significant chromosome changes were detectable by comparative genomic hybridization in @entity0 with @entity1 . Karyotypic changes in the @entity3 @entity0 were more specific than those found in the high-grade @entity4 @entity0 . Chromosome 4 was amplified most often in high-grade @entity4 and chromosome 8q was amplified most frequently in the @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that high-grade @entity4 is the stage exhibiting widespread chromosome instability, which is detectable by comparative genomic hybridization. This instability is undetectable in @entity1 . The chromosome variation seen at high-grade @entity4 may be the source of more specific karyotypes that progress to @entity3 . Importantly, we have identified chromosome 4 amplification as being heavily involved in the initiation of Barrett's progression. Specific chromosome changes (4 and 8q) may represent important regions on which to focus attention in future studies, with a view to identifying diagnostic markers.

title: Analysis of the premalignant stages of Barrett's oesophagus through to XXXX by comparative genomic hybridization.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To characterize a single institution experience with management of @entity8 during an 18-year time period, report long-term survival rates, and identify prognostic factors. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: Studied were 141 @entity0 treated for a @entity8 at a single institution from 1980 to 1997 with a minimum 3-year follow-up. Gender, age, @entity7 stage, anatomic site, pathology, treatment, and recurrence rates were reviewed. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors affecting survival. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 1.6:1, and the median @entity0 age was 60 years. Most @entity0 presented with T3/T4 or locally advanced disease (88%), N0 status (96%), and M0 status (96%). The maxillary sinus was the most commonly affected site (70%), followed by the ethmoid sinus (26%). The most common @entity2 was @entity4 (51%), followed by @entity6 (12%) and @entity3 (11%). Sixty-two percent of this study group underwent surgery as part of a multimodality curative treatment plan or alone as curative treatment. Eighteen @entity0 (13%) had unresectable local disease and received non-surgical palliative treatment. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed the 5-year and 10-year disease-specific survival was 52% and 35%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed T4 stage (P =.005), N-positive stage (P =.009), and M-positive stage (P =.018) negatively impacted survival. Seventy-two @entity0 (51%) developed recurrent disease at a median time of 336 days after initial treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity0 with @entity8 presented with locally advanced disease. @entity5 stage, regional, and distant @entity1 are highly predictive of poor survival. Recurrence rate is high and typically occurs within the first year after treatment.

title: Paranasal XXXX : an 18-year single institution experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The relative safety of @entity10 / @entity13 for 3470 @entity0 was reviewed to see if the safety profile was similar to that seen for the first 1723 @entity0 treated. The most common clinical adverse experiences were local ones related to the site of intravenous infusion. Gastrointestinal adverse experiences included @entity5 , @entity6 , or @entity4 . The frequency of @entity12 was low (0 X 1%). The most common central @entity11 was @entity7 . The most common background factor was central @entity11 including prior history of @entity7 . Dermatological adverse experiences included @entity9 , @entity2 and @entity1 . Bleeding and @entity3 were uncommon. The most common laboratory changes included transient increased liver function values, @entity8 , positive Coombs' test (not associated with haemolysis) and increased platelets. The current clinical and laboratory safety data are similar to those obtained in the early part of the clinical trials.

title: The safety profile of XXXX /cilastatin: worldwide clinical experience based on 3470 @entity0 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: The relative safety of @entity10 / @entity13 for 3470 @entity0 was reviewed to see if the safety profile was similar to that seen for the first 1723 @entity0 treated. The most common clinical adverse experiences were local ones related to the site of intravenous infusion. Gastrointestinal adverse experiences included @entity5 , @entity6 , or @entity4 . The frequency of @entity12 was low (0 X 1%). The most common central @entity11 was @entity7 . The most common background factor was central @entity11 including prior history of @entity7 . Dermatological adverse experiences included @entity9 , @entity2 and @entity1 . Bleeding and @entity3 were uncommon. The most common laboratory changes included transient increased liver function values, @entity8 , positive Coombs' test (not associated with haemolysis) and increased platelets. The current clinical and laboratory safety data are similar to those obtained in the early part of the clinical trials.

title: The safety profile of @entity10 /cilastatin: worldwide clinical experience based on 3470 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have reported the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of @entity0 in 1983 and 1984 to 4 antibiotics, @entity2 (ABPC), @entity4 ( @entity6 ), @entity7 ( @entity5 ) and @entity1 (GM), in the previous report. In this paper, we described the antimicrobial susceptibility of @entity3 sp. to the same antibiotics during the same period reported for @entity0 before. Numbers of isolates tested were 1,671 strains in 1983 and 1,374 strains in 1984. We determined MICs of the 4 antibiotics against isolates by the standard method of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy. The most effective agent was GM among the 4 antibiotics. @entity5 had a similar antimicrobial activity to GM. Resistance rates were low for both agents. CEZ had a fairly good antimicrobial activity, but it was less active than GM and @entity5 . ABPC was not effective. There was neither significant annual change of antimicrobial activity of each agent against isolates nor an increasing tendency of resistant strains in the last 5 years. Depending on isolates from clinical materials, differences in the susceptibility were noted and there was a high ratio of resistant organisms among isolates from urine.

title: [A nationwide study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of XXXX sp. in Japan].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The authors evaluated a new protocol of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for @entity4 , easier to manage and different from T10. The good results obtained with the postoperative ADR-CDDP association led us to undertake a pilot study between 1982 and 1984, using ADR-CDDP as preoperative chemotherapy. The records of sixteen @entity0 were available for follow-up. The average age of the @entity0 was 19.9 years. @entity0 received two or three preoperative courses, and a total of six identical courses. Tolerance was good. @entity3 usually disappeared but this was often misleading because associated with radiological and/or clinical @entity1 progression, low histological @entity2 or poor outcome. The continuous disease-free survival actuarial rate was less than 57 and 40% at 18 months and two years respectively. The actuarial survival rate was 87% at one year and 65% at two years respectively. Disappointing results of this preoperative protocol, compared to results with the SO4 78 or T10 protocols for example, led to publish these data early in order to underline their potential dangers. As a result, we stopped our study. The charter of pilot studies justifies this publication. As well, these data point out the necessity of very close follow-up of neoadjuvant chemotherapy by sophisticated medical imaging. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, if ineffective, must be stopped early, and should lead to surgery, followed by adequate postoperative chemotherapy.

title: [Pre and postoperative chemotherapy of XXXX with an adriamycin-cisplatin combination. Risks of a neoadjuvant chemotherapy which is not sufficiently effective].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 induced by various pathogenic factors (such as @entity8 , @entity6 , drugs and hepatotoxicants, etc.) through their respective special pathogenesis is referred to as primary @entity3 (PLI). @entity3 resulted from endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, @entity4 ) and the activation of Kupffer cells by @entity4 while intestinal @entity9 (IETM) occurred during the occurrence and development of @entity3 is named the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The latter which has lost their own specificities of primary pathogenic factors is ascribed to IETM. The @entity3 is of important action and impact on development and prognosis of @entity3 . More severe IETM commonly results in excessive inflammatory responses, with serious @entity3 , further severe @entity3 and even induces @entity5 . The milder IETM successively precipitates a cascade, including repeated and persistent @entity1 accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells, hepatic @entity2 , @entity2 and hepatocarcinoma. Generally, the milder IETM ends with @entity7 . If PLI caused by various pathogenic factors through their independent specific mechanismis regarded as the first hit on liver, then @entity3 mediated by different chemical mediators from KCs activated by IETM in the course of @entity3 is the second hit on liver. Thus, fusing and overlapping of the primary and scondary liver injuries determine and influeuce the complexity of the illness and outcome of the @entity0 with @entity3 . For this reason, the viewpoint of @entity3 induced by the second hit on liver inflicted by IETM suggests that medical professionals should attach great importance to both PLI and @entity3 caused by IETM. That is, try to adjust the function of KS(s) and eliminate @entity9 of the @entity0 .

title: Intestinal XXXX as a pathogenetic mechanism in @entity7 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity3 induced by various pathogenic factors (such as @entity8 , @entity6 , drugs and hepatotoxicants, etc.) through their respective special pathogenesis is referred to as primary @entity3 (PLI). @entity3 resulted from endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, @entity4 ) and the activation of Kupffer cells by @entity4 while intestinal @entity9 (IETM) occurred during the occurrence and development of @entity3 is named the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The latter which has lost their own specificities of primary pathogenic factors is ascribed to IETM. The @entity3 is of important action and impact on development and prognosis of @entity3 . More severe IETM commonly results in excessive inflammatory responses, with serious @entity3 , further severe @entity3 and even induces @entity5 . The milder IETM successively precipitates a cascade, including repeated and persistent @entity1 accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells, hepatic @entity2 , @entity2 and hepatocarcinoma. Generally, the milder IETM ends with @entity7 . If PLI caused by various pathogenic factors through their independent specific mechanismis regarded as the first hit on liver, then @entity3 mediated by different chemical mediators from KCs activated by IETM in the course of @entity3 is the second hit on liver. Thus, fusing and overlapping of the primary and scondary liver injuries determine and influeuce the complexity of the illness and outcome of the @entity0 with @entity3 . For this reason, the viewpoint of @entity3 induced by the second hit on liver inflicted by IETM suggests that medical professionals should attach great importance to both PLI and @entity3 caused by IETM. That is, try to adjust the function of KS(s) and eliminate @entity9 of the @entity0 .

title: Intestinal @entity9 as a pathogenetic mechanism in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: As part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute multicenter Thrombolysis in @entity1 Trial, the time to peak plasma @entity2 kinase (CK) activity as a marker of reperfusion in 272 @entity0 with validated @entity1 was analyzed. @entity0 were treated with either tissue-type plasminogen activator or streptokinase by intravenous administration. All @entity0 underwent acute coronary angiography. The @entity3 was identified and thrombolytic therapy administered. Reperfusion at 90 minutes was documented by angiography. CK was determined before institution of therapy and every 4 hours thereafter for the first 24 hours. @entity0 were classified into 3 groups for comparative purposes: group 1--occlusion with no reperfusion (n = 119); group 2--occlusion with reperfusion (n = 98); and group 3--subtotal occlusion (n = 55). Early (within 4 hours after treatment) and late (more than 16 hours after treatment) peaking of CK differentiated @entity0 with drug-induced perfusion from those without reperfusion. Although peak CK between 5 and 11 hours after drug treatment did suggest perfusion through the @entity3 , it did not differentiate between drug-induced and spontaneous reperfusion. Clinically, early peak CK is a useful noninvasive means of assessing coronary artery patency. However, in clinical trials assessing drug therapy, the use of peak CK may overestimate drug effectiveness by including @entity0 with spontaneous reperfusion.

title: Peak XXXX kinase as a measure of effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: As part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute multicenter Thrombolysis in @entity1 Trial, the time to peak plasma @entity2 kinase (CK) activity as a marker of reperfusion in 272 @entity0 with validated @entity1 was analyzed. @entity0 were treated with either tissue-type plasminogen activator or streptokinase by intravenous administration. All @entity0 underwent acute coronary angiography. The @entity3 was identified and thrombolytic therapy administered. Reperfusion at 90 minutes was documented by angiography. CK was determined before institution of therapy and every 4 hours thereafter for the first 24 hours. @entity0 were classified into 3 groups for comparative purposes: group 1--occlusion with no reperfusion (n = 119); group 2--occlusion with reperfusion (n = 98); and group 3--subtotal occlusion (n = 55). Early (within 4 hours after treatment) and late (more than 16 hours after treatment) peaking of CK differentiated @entity0 with drug-induced perfusion from those without reperfusion. Although peak CK between 5 and 11 hours after drug treatment did suggest perfusion through the @entity3 , it did not differentiate between drug-induced and spontaneous reperfusion. Clinically, early peak CK is a useful noninvasive means of assessing coronary artery patency. However, in clinical trials assessing drug therapy, the use of peak CK may overestimate drug effectiveness by including @entity0 with spontaneous reperfusion.

title: Peak @entity2 kinase as a measure of effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We review the role of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) in improving outcomes of an @entity2 ( @entity2 ) program. As the "integrated care approach" becomes accepted as the preferred strategy for treatment of @entity2 @entity0 , we looked for the potential place of APD in such an approach. APD has probably the same advantages as CAPD as a first-line renal replacement modality in suitable @entity0 willing to perform @entity3 . There is currently no hard evidence that residual renal function (RRF) should decline more rapidly in APD than in CAPD, at least if a dry abdomen during the day is avoided. The detection of @entity1 is probably more delayed in APD, but the frequency of @entity1 is lower, and there is no hard evidence pointing to a poorer outcome of @entity1 in APD as compared to CAPD. Quality of life is at least as good in APD, which is mostly related to the increased possibilities for adapting the exchange pattern to employment-related time frames. APD also has the potential to prolong technique success in @entity0 failing CAPD rather than transferring them to hemodialysis. Nevertheless, APD remains more expensive and technically complicated, thereby missing the beauty of CAPD's simplicity. Therefore we believe that APD has its role in an integrated approach and that all @entity0 should be informed of its potential. It would, however, not be correct to present APD as the preferred @entity3 method for all @entity0 , as it also has some drawbacks that make it less suitable for some categories of @entity0 . In all cases, @entity0 should have a free and informed choice.

title: The role of APD in the improvement of outcomes in an XXXX program.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The basic Lys-49 phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from @entity7 piscivorus venom is homologous to the basic @entity4 -49 PLA2 from the same venom as well as other snake venom PLA2 enzymes. It differs, however, in several respects, most important being replacement of the previously invariant @entity4 -49 at the @entity1 binding site by Lys, resulting in a reversed order of addition of @entity1 and phospholipid, phospholipid binding first. Although the preferences for phospholipid substrates of the two enzymes are identical, the apparent Vmax of the Lys-49 PLA2 was only 1.4 to 3% that of the @entity4 -49 enzyme. Similarly, the Lys-49 PLA2, compared to the @entity4 -49 PLA2 had less than 3% of the intraventricular lethal potency and 4% of the anticoagulant activity. The intravenous lethal potency of the Lys-49 enzyme was 20% that of the @entity4 -49 PLA2 and both had little direct hemolytic activity. In contrast, both enzymes were approximately equipotent on the phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation and on the isolated ventricle strip of the heart. On the @entity0 , the effects of the @entity4 -49 PLA2 were accompanied by hydrolysis of @entity3 and @entity5 , whereas no phospholipid hydrolysis was observed with the Lys-49 PLA2. Evaluation of the present results, along with earlier findings using @entity4 -49 PLA2 enzymes from Naja nigricollis, Hemachatus haemachatus and @entity6 venoms, allows us to conclude that: The A. p. piscivorus @entity4 -49 PLA2 enzyme resembles the @entity4 -49 enzymes from N. @entity6 and H. haemachatus. In contrast, the A. p. piscivorus Lys-49 PLA2 has much lower enzymatic and anticoagulant activities than the @entity4 -49 enzymes, but equal @entity2 and junctional effects. In contrast to some previous suggestions, basic PLA2 enzymes are not necessarily more toxic than neutral or acidic enzymes. Pharmacological effects upon the heart and phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation correlate neither with in vitro measurements of PLA2 activity nor with actual levels of phospholipid hydrolysis in the heart or diaphragm. This suggests that PLA2 enzymes exert effects independent of phospholipid hydrolysis.

title: Comparison of enzymatic and pharmacological activities of lysine-49 and aspartate-49 phospholipases A2 from XXXX piscivorus snake venom.

answer: @entity7


abstract: A survey was carried out over one year of all the @entity0 who attended a colposcopy clinic in a general practice. During the year 1254 @entity0 underwent cytological screening in the practice and 197 of these underwent colposcopy. Of 79 @entity0 with abnormal smears that suggested @entity4 , 62 (79%) were confirmed by biopsy to have cervical premalignancy. In addition, the remaining 118 @entity0 with normal or inflammatory smears underwent colposcopy either because of their history or because they requested the investigation. A general underestimate of @entity4 when cytology alone was used was discovered. Seven out of 28 @entity0 with inflammatory smears were found to have important cervical premalignancy. Mildly dyskaryotic smears led to a falsely reassuring estimate of the degree of severity of @entity2 . Seven out of 13 @entity0 who underwent colposcopy because they were thought to be at high risk of @entity1 because of a history of @entity5 , unexplained recurrent @entity3 , @entity6 , or immunosuppression had @entity4 proved at biopsy. This report shows that both in screening for and in the follow up of known cervical disease a normal smear cannot guarantee normal pathology. Diagnostic colposcopy is a valuable complementary investigation that could be carried out in a general practice.

title: Screening for XXXX : a new scope for general practitioners? Results of the first year of colposcopy in general practice.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The hearts of 16 autopsy cases with a past history of administration of @entity8 antitumor drugs (DNR, ADR and ACM) and a sign of @entity5 were investigated morphologically. In macroscopic observation, both ventricles were more or less dilated with thinning of the ventricular wall. Mural thrombi were recognized in the left ventricle of 2 cases. Histologically, the @entity4 could be roughly classified into two groups, a) myocardial changes in cases with rapidly developed @entity5 (acute form), and b) myocardial changes in cases with relatively slowly developed @entity5 . In acute form, myocardial cells showed marked swelling with dilatation of central sarcoplasmic core, marked reduction of myofibrils, vacuolization of cytoplasm and enlargement of nucleus accompanied by distinct large nucleolus. @entity4 were scattered among these degenerative cells. These degenerative and @entity1 cells were distributed diffusely in both ventricular walls, but were more frequent in the left ventricular wall than in the right one. @entity0 was also recognized not only in the myocardium, but also in the endocardium and epicardium. In chronic form, on the other hand, @entity3 and attenuation of myocardial cells with a hypereosinophilic change of the cytoplasm and an increase in number of @entity7 , and marked reduction of myocardial cells were most common findings. These changes of chronic form, however, could not be identified as the specific changes of @entity8 @entity6 . @entity2 was hardly seen in the myocardium of both acute and chronic forms.

title: @entity8 induced XXXX . An analysis of 16 autopsy cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The hearts of 16 autopsy cases with a past history of administration of @entity8 antitumor drugs (DNR, ADR and ACM) and a sign of @entity5 were investigated morphologically. In macroscopic observation, both ventricles were more or less dilated with thinning of the ventricular wall. Mural thrombi were recognized in the left ventricle of 2 cases. Histologically, the @entity4 could be roughly classified into two groups, a) myocardial changes in cases with rapidly developed @entity5 (acute form), and b) myocardial changes in cases with relatively slowly developed @entity5 . In acute form, myocardial cells showed marked swelling with dilatation of central sarcoplasmic core, marked reduction of myofibrils, vacuolization of cytoplasm and enlargement of nucleus accompanied by distinct large nucleolus. @entity4 were scattered among these degenerative cells. These degenerative and @entity1 cells were distributed diffusely in both ventricular walls, but were more frequent in the left ventricular wall than in the right one. @entity0 was also recognized not only in the myocardium, but also in the endocardium and epicardium. In chronic form, on the other hand, @entity3 and attenuation of myocardial cells with a hypereosinophilic change of the cytoplasm and an increase in number of @entity7 , and marked reduction of myocardial cells were most common findings. These changes of chronic form, however, could not be identified as the specific changes of @entity8 @entity6 . @entity2 was hardly seen in the myocardium of both acute and chronic forms.

title: XXXX induced @entity4 . An analysis of 16 autopsy cases.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Moderate to severe @entity1 is usually associated with multiple levels of pharyngeal airway collapse, including tongue base obstruction. A new technique has recently been introduced that improves the nocturnal retro-lingual airway. This study was a prospective, non-randomized single-institution evaluation of a recently introduced surgical technique. Nineteen consecutive @entity0 with previously untreated moderate to severe @entity1 underwent tongue suspension using the Respose system and concomitant palatopharyngoplasty (multilevel pharyngeal surgery). The @entity0 demographics and treatment outcomes were prospectively collected and retrospectively analysed. There were 16 @entity0 and three @entity0 , with a mean (+/-SD) age of 44.9 years (+/- 14.2) and a mean pre-operative apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) of 42.8 +/- 24.8. Twelve of the 19 @entity0 (63.2 per cent) have had post-operative polysomnography; eight of these 12 (67 per cent) met the standard criteria for surgical response. Among these eight @entity0 , the AHI improved from 32.4 to 14.4 (p<0.01); the individual scores fell by a mean of 51.7 per cent. The apnoea index improved from 7.4 to 0.9 (p<0.01), with the individual scores falling by a mean of 81.4 per cent. There was anatomic and radiographic evidence of multilevel upper airway enlargement. Notably, the body mass index remained essentially unchanged (31.5 +/- 7.2 to 31.2 +/- 7.6, p>0.5). Subjectively, the mean Epworth sleepiness scale score fell from 11.0 +/- 5.4 to 5.4 +/- 3.8 (p<0.005). Four @entity0 suffered transient @entity2 , and two @entity0 complained of limited anterior excursion of the tongue. There were no serious, long-term complications. The tongue suspension procedure represents a minimally invasive technique for improving the nocturnal retro-lingual airway in @entity0 with @entity1 . It is easily performed by otolaryngologists, distinguishing it from other established techniques designed to address tongue base obstruction.

title: Minimally invasive tongue base surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 caused a major increase in uptake of 45Ca2+ into @entity5 ovary HA-1 cells. Increased permeability to @entity0 was observed with heating periods as brief as 45 degrees C for 4 min and reached a maximum at 45 degrees C for 30 min. In addition to elevation of @entity0 influx, heat induced an increase in 45 @entity0 exchange with the extracellular @entity0 pool. The effect of heat on @entity0 permeability was transient, and @entity0 influx returned to normal values by approximately 9 h at 37 degrees C. Comparison of the time courses of increased @entity0 permeability and cell inactivation at 45 degrees C indicated that the heating time required for maximum permeability to @entity0 was similar to the initial resistant "shoulder" period of the cell survival curve. This suggests that @entity0 could play a permissive role in thermal cell inactivation; efficient cell killing may require a threshold concentration of intracellular @entity0 . The kinetics of heat-induced increase in @entity0 permeability also resembled that for the induction of thermotolerance. This might suggest a messenger role for @entity0 in thermotolerance induction. Direct increase in cellular @entity0 levels with @entity0 ionophore @entity4 (5 X 10(-6) M) led to subsequent heat resistance. However, the heat resistance produced by @entity4 was of a lesser magnitude than heat-induced thermotolerance. In addition, @entity4 did not induce the stress protein species characteristic of thermotolerance ( @entity3 ), but instead led to the synthesis of a related set of proteins ( @entity2 -regulated proteins). The data thus suggest a role for @entity0 in the cellular effects of @entity1 . They are also of potential clinical relevance in that cellular responses to heat might be modified pharmacologically, by the judicious use of @entity0 active agents, such as @entity0 ionophores and channel blockers.

title: Effect of XXXX (45 degrees C) on calcium flux in @entity5 ovary HA-1 fibroblasts and its potential role in cytotoxicity and heat resistance.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 caused a major increase in uptake of 45Ca2+ into @entity5 ovary HA-1 cells. Increased permeability to @entity0 was observed with heating periods as brief as 45 degrees C for 4 min and reached a maximum at 45 degrees C for 30 min. In addition to elevation of @entity0 influx, heat induced an increase in 45 @entity0 exchange with the extracellular @entity0 pool. The effect of heat on @entity0 permeability was transient, and @entity0 influx returned to normal values by approximately 9 h at 37 degrees C. Comparison of the time courses of increased @entity0 permeability and cell inactivation at 45 degrees C indicated that the heating time required for maximum permeability to @entity0 was similar to the initial resistant "shoulder" period of the cell survival curve. This suggests that @entity0 could play a permissive role in thermal cell inactivation; efficient cell killing may require a threshold concentration of intracellular @entity0 . The kinetics of heat-induced increase in @entity0 permeability also resembled that for the induction of thermotolerance. This might suggest a messenger role for @entity0 in thermotolerance induction. Direct increase in cellular @entity0 levels with @entity0 ionophore @entity4 (5 X 10(-6) M) led to subsequent heat resistance. However, the heat resistance produced by @entity4 was of a lesser magnitude than heat-induced thermotolerance. In addition, @entity4 did not induce the stress protein species characteristic of thermotolerance ( @entity3 ), but instead led to the synthesis of a related set of proteins ( @entity2 -regulated proteins). The data thus suggest a role for @entity0 in the cellular effects of @entity1 . They are also of potential clinical relevance in that cellular responses to heat might be modified pharmacologically, by the judicious use of @entity0 active agents, such as @entity0 ionophores and channel blockers.

title: Effect of @entity1 (45 degrees C) on calcium flux in XXXX ovary HA-1 fibroblasts and its potential role in cytotoxicity and heat resistance.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Many @entity1 survivors have to cope with @entity2 that may result in the occurrence of handicap situations. The purpose of the study was to explore bio-psycho-social predictors of handicap situations six months after discharge from an intensive rehabilitation programme. METHODS: At discharge from a rehabilitation programme, @entity0 were evaluated with instruments measuring motor, sensory, cognitive, perceptual, affective and psychosocial @entity2 that may play a role in the development of handicap. Some other demographic and clinical variables, and those related to rehabilitation, were also collected. Six months later, they were re-assessed in their own environment in order to document their handicap level with the Assessment of Life Habits (LIFE-H). RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-two @entity1 @entity0 participated in the discharge evaluation and 102 of them also participated in the handicap measurement. Relationships between handicap level and @entity2 were all statistically significant. Multiple regression analyses indicated that affect, @entity3 , length of stay in rehabilitation, balance, age and comorbidity at the end of an intensive rehabilitation programme are the best predictors of handicap situations six months later (adjusted R(2): 68.1%). CONCLUSIONS: In spite of its exploratory nature, this study revealed that, among a substantial number of personal characteristics, some were more related to a handicap measure and have greater predictive value. Other studies should be carried out to validate these findings and to consider more environmental factors in order to better understand factors related to the development of handicap situations.

title: Predictors of handicap situations following post- XXXX rehabilitation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The mucosal fibrinolytic activity was estimated in 24 @entity0 with duodenal @entity1 and in 11 @entity0 with @entity2 . The fibrinolytic activity was estimated in biopsy specimens taken during gastroscopy. Specimens were taken in the corpus, in the antrum, and in the duodenal mucosa. In @entity0 with duodenal @entity1 the fibrinolytic activity was significantly higher in the corpus and antrum mucosa, whereas no difference was observed in the duodenal mucosa compared with controls. Gastric @entity1 @entity0 had, compared with controls, significantly higher activity in the corpus mucosa only. Fourteen @entity0 with duodenal @entity1 and five with @entity2 were treated with 1 g @entity3 daily for 4 weeks. The mucosal fibrinolytic activity was estimated before and after treatment in the above-mentioned regions. A significant reduction was observed after treatment in @entity0 with duodenal @entity1 , both in the corpus and in the duodenal mucosa, whereas no difference was seen in the duodenum. In @entity0 with @entity2 a reduction was observed in the corpus mucosa only. The fibrinolytic activity estimated was plasminogen activator, and not other proteases, in all estimations.

title: The antifibrinolytic properties of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to review the imaging findings and outcomes of @entity0 with nontraumatic spontaneous intramural small-bowel @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records and radiologic studies of 13 @entity0 with known intramural small-bowel @entity3 . RESULTS: The mean age at presentation was 64 years. Sixty-two percent of @entity0 had @entity4 @entity1 . The diagnosis was evident on CT performed in all @entity0 . @entity7 was present in 85% of @entity0 , and @entity2 was present in 8%. A single @entity6 was present in 85% of @entity0 , and multiple @entity6 were present in 15%. The jejunum was the most common site of the @entity6 (69%), followed by the ileum (38%) and duodenum (23%). The @entity6 extended into the cecum in 15% of @entity0 . The estimated average length of the @entity6 was 23 cm, and the shortest segment was 8 cm. Resolution of the @entity6 was seen on CT as early as 1 week after onset. Eleven @entity0 (85%) with non-extensive @entity6 were dismissed from the hospital without any short- or long-term complications (mean follow-up, 35 months). Two @entity0 with extensive @entity6 involving more than half the length of the small intestine died. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous intramural small-bowel @entity6 is rare. It occurs in @entity0 who receive excessive anticoagulation with @entity4 or who have some other risk factor for @entity3 . CT characteristics include circumferential wall thickening, intramural hyperdensity, luminal narrowing, and @entity5 . Early diagnosis is crucial because most @entity0 are treated nonoperatively with a good outcome.

title: Spontaneous intramural small-bowel XXXX : imaging findings and outcome.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The pathology of the heart following surgical correction for @entity3 has not been fully explored. This study is based on @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity13 , and @entity1 . Emphasis has been put on preexistent gross pathology, with histological verification, and @entity2 . Among @entity0 with @entity5 preexistent anomalies dominated ( @entity9 , mitral @entity4 , @entity9 ). The findings suggest that the cases represent an extreme within a spectrum and could explain the late postoperative dismal results in @entity0 suffering from @entity10 . In @entity0 with @entity6 the important pathology related predominantly to the operative procedure (injury to the @entity14 , patch dehiscence at the site of the atrioventricular node, inadequate repair of the left @entity4 ) and to @entity12 . In @entity13 , with or without @entity11 , technical problems dominated. Obstruction of the systemic and pulmonic venous pathways, @entity8 , and @entity4 were the most serious complications following Mustard's procedure. The Rastelli-type procedure was complicated by degeneration and calcification of the porcine valve and crowding of the left ventricle. The arterial switch was complicated by abnormal origin and course of the left circumflex artery, which led to kinking and @entity7 . In @entity1 (injury to the @entity14 and the tricuspid valve) were the most important. The study discloses that the heart after surgery for @entity3 cannot be considered without taking preexistent pathology into account. Careful preoperative investigations are mandatory, since most anomalies could have been detected and, hence, might have changed the operative result.

title: The heart after surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Radiotherapy (RT) and surgery are the cornerstones in treating @entity4 ( @entity4 ). RT is effective in the initial treatment of early to intermediate stage @entity4 but less effective for locally advanced disease, some cases of which are best managed using the combination of surgery and RT. Although various clinical/pathologic parameters have been used to classify @entity0 according to their likelihood of responding to RT, they have generally low predictive value. We have shown previously that @entity5 is associated with a poor clinical outcome in @entity4 @entity0 . In this study, we investigate the potential role of @entity5 in assessing RT response in @entity0 with @entity4 . Tumor specimens obtained from 80 @entity0 participated in a prospective Phase III clinical trial addressing the dose and fractionation regimen of postoperative RT were analyzed for @entity5 expression by immunohistochemistry. @entity0 were classified according to currently accepted clinical/pathologic parameters into three risk groups, i.e., low, intermediate, and high risk, and received surgery alone, surgery plus intermediate-dose RT, and surgery plus high-dose RT, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 4.9 years. @entity5 overexpression was noted in 38 of the 80 (47%) @entity4 . Interestingly, 11 of the 38 @entity0 (29%) with @entity5 -overexpressing @entity2 experienced local or nodal recurrence compared with only 3 of 42 @entity0 (7%) having @entity3 with no or weak @entity5 expression (P = 0.01). When locoregional control was used as the end point for the high-risk group, @entity0 whose @entity2 showed @entity5 overexpression had a statistically significant higher @entity2 recurrence and @entity1 compared with @entity0 whose @entity2 showed no @entity5 overexpression (P = 0.01). Our results indicate that @entity2 overexpressing @entity5 may be resistant to RT, and @entity5 may be an indicator of the risk of locoregional recurrence and @entity1 in @entity0 having @entity4 receiving RT.

title: XXXX overexpression and resistance to radiotherapy in @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Radiotherapy (RT) and surgery are the cornerstones in treating @entity4 ( @entity4 ). RT is effective in the initial treatment of early to intermediate stage @entity4 but less effective for locally advanced disease, some cases of which are best managed using the combination of surgery and RT. Although various clinical/pathologic parameters have been used to classify @entity0 according to their likelihood of responding to RT, they have generally low predictive value. We have shown previously that @entity5 is associated with a poor clinical outcome in @entity4 @entity0 . In this study, we investigate the potential role of @entity5 in assessing RT response in @entity0 with @entity4 . Tumor specimens obtained from 80 @entity0 participated in a prospective Phase III clinical trial addressing the dose and fractionation regimen of postoperative RT were analyzed for @entity5 expression by immunohistochemistry. @entity0 were classified according to currently accepted clinical/pathologic parameters into three risk groups, i.e., low, intermediate, and high risk, and received surgery alone, surgery plus intermediate-dose RT, and surgery plus high-dose RT, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 4.9 years. @entity5 overexpression was noted in 38 of the 80 (47%) @entity4 . Interestingly, 11 of the 38 @entity0 (29%) with @entity5 -overexpressing @entity2 experienced local or nodal recurrence compared with only 3 of 42 @entity0 (7%) having @entity3 with no or weak @entity5 expression (P = 0.01). When locoregional control was used as the end point for the high-risk group, @entity0 whose @entity2 showed @entity5 overexpression had a statistically significant higher @entity2 recurrence and @entity1 compared with @entity0 whose @entity2 showed no @entity5 overexpression (P = 0.01). Our results indicate that @entity2 overexpressing @entity5 may be resistant to RT, and @entity5 may be an indicator of the risk of locoregional recurrence and @entity1 in @entity0 having @entity4 receiving RT.

title: @entity5 overexpression and resistance to radiotherapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The incidence of de novo @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in transplanted kidneys is around 1 to 2%. In our series, of the 310 grafts that were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), 29 (9.3%) showed subepithelial IgG deposits, a pattern consistent with the diagnosis of @entity2 . Transplant biopsy had been performed because of the occurrence of @entity3 in 8 @entity0 (pts), for suspected rejection in 16 and systematically in the remaining 9 who had no @entity3 and a normal renal function. In all cases the lesions were identified by IF and were confirmed by electron microscopy (EM) in 14 pts. Granular deposits of IgG were diffuse in 22 cases and segmental in 7. Sequential specimens were available in 17 pts and showed the persistence or the increase of the IgG deposits in all @entity0 but one in whom they had disappeared. Age at transplantation (Tx) ranged from 2 years 3 months to 16 years. Grafts were from cadaveric donors in 27 pts and from living related donors in 2 pts. In none of the recipients was @entity2 the @entity1 of the native kidneys. With a follow-up of 18 to 74 months, 6 pts never developed a @entity3 . In the remaining 23, @entity3 developed 1 to 70 months after Tx, associated with a @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in 6 pts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: De novo XXXX in renal allografts in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The incidence of de novo @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in transplanted kidneys is around 1 to 2%. In our series, of the 310 grafts that were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), 29 (9.3%) showed subepithelial IgG deposits, a pattern consistent with the diagnosis of @entity2 . Transplant biopsy had been performed because of the occurrence of @entity3 in 8 @entity0 (pts), for suspected rejection in 16 and systematically in the remaining 9 who had no @entity3 and a normal renal function. In all cases the lesions were identified by IF and were confirmed by electron microscopy (EM) in 14 pts. Granular deposits of IgG were diffuse in 22 cases and segmental in 7. Sequential specimens were available in 17 pts and showed the persistence or the increase of the IgG deposits in all @entity0 but one in whom they had disappeared. Age at transplantation (Tx) ranged from 2 years 3 months to 16 years. Grafts were from cadaveric donors in 27 pts and from living related donors in 2 pts. In none of the recipients was @entity2 the @entity1 of the native kidneys. With a follow-up of 18 to 74 months, 6 pts never developed a @entity3 . In the remaining 23, @entity3 developed 1 to 70 months after Tx, associated with a @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in 6 pts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: De novo @entity2 in renal allografts in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The renal hemodynamic effects of short-term protein loading and short term protein restriction were studied in @entity0 with @entity1 . Eleven @entity0 adhered to a high protein diet (1.8 g/kg/day) and, subsequently, to a low protein diet (0.6 g/kg/day) for four weeks each. Renal hemodynamics were studied at the end of the respective dietary periods. Glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance) did not change significantly (delta %: -1.5 +/- 5.4%; mean +/- s.e.m.), whereas endogenous @entity2 clearance was lower on the low protein diet (delta %: -7.8 +/- 2.8%; p less than 0.02), suggesting an interference with the tubular secretion of @entity2 . Effective renal plasma flow was significantly lower on the low protein diet (223.7 +/- 47.6 ml/min vs 282.1 +/- 67.1 ml/min; delta %: -15.4 +/- 4.9%; p less than 0.02). As a result, filtration fraction increased from 0.18 +/- 0.01 on the high protein diet to 0.22 +/- 0.02 on the low protein diet (p less than 0.01). The low protein diet caused a significant decrease in protein excretion from 4.0 +/- 0.9 g/24 h to 3.1 +/- 0.7 g/24 h (p less than 0.02). Our study demonstrates that renal hemodynamic responses to more sustained protein loading and protein restriction differ from the reported responses to acute protein loading. Different mechanisms may be involved. In this light it is doubtful if the renal hemodynamic response to acute protein loading can predict a beneficial effect of protein restriction.

title: Renal hemodynamic effects of a short-term high protein and low protein diet in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The renal hemodynamic effects of short-term protein loading and short term protein restriction were studied in @entity0 with @entity1 . Eleven @entity0 adhered to a high protein diet (1.8 g/kg/day) and, subsequently, to a low protein diet (0.6 g/kg/day) for four weeks each. Renal hemodynamics were studied at the end of the respective dietary periods. Glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance) did not change significantly (delta %: -1.5 +/- 5.4%; mean +/- s.e.m.), whereas endogenous @entity2 clearance was lower on the low protein diet (delta %: -7.8 +/- 2.8%; p less than 0.02), suggesting an interference with the tubular secretion of @entity2 . Effective renal plasma flow was significantly lower on the low protein diet (223.7 +/- 47.6 ml/min vs 282.1 +/- 67.1 ml/min; delta %: -15.4 +/- 4.9%; p less than 0.02). As a result, filtration fraction increased from 0.18 +/- 0.01 on the high protein diet to 0.22 +/- 0.02 on the low protein diet (p less than 0.01). The low protein diet caused a significant decrease in protein excretion from 4.0 +/- 0.9 g/24 h to 3.1 +/- 0.7 g/24 h (p less than 0.02). Our study demonstrates that renal hemodynamic responses to more sustained protein loading and protein restriction differ from the reported responses to acute protein loading. Different mechanisms may be involved. In this light it is doubtful if the renal hemodynamic response to acute protein loading can predict a beneficial effect of protein restriction.

title: Renal hemodynamic effects of a short-term high protein and low protein diet in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess apathy in @entity0 with @entity4 and its relation to disability, mood, personality, and cognition. METHODS: Levels of apathy in 45 @entity0 with @entity4 were compared with a group of 17 similarly disabled @entity0 with @entity6 . Additional neuropsychiatric data were collected concerning levels of @entity5 , @entity3 , and hedonic tone. Personality was assessed with the tridimensional personality questionnaire. Cognitive testing included the mini-mental state examination, the Cambridge examination of cognition in the elderly, and specific tests of executive functioning. RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity4 had significantly higher levels of apathy than equally disabled osteoarthritic @entity0 . Furthermore, within the Parkinson sample, levels of apathy appear to be unrelated to disease progression. The @entity0 with @entity4 with the highest levels of apathy where not more likely to be @entity5 or anxious than those with the lowest levels of apathy, though they did show reduced hedonic tone. No differences in personality traits were detected in comparisons between @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity6 , or between @entity0 in the Parkinson group with high or low levels of apathy. As a group, the @entity0 with @entity4 tended not to differ significantly from the osteoarthritic group in @entity1 . However, within the @entity4 sample, the high apathy @entity0 performed significantly below the level of the low apathy @entity0 . This was particularly evident on tests of executive functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Apathy in @entity4 is more likely to be a direct consequence of disease related physiological changes than a psychological reaction or adaptation to disability. Apathy in @entity4 can be distinguished from other @entity2 and personality features that are associated with the disease, and it is closely associated with @entity1 . These findings point to a possible role of cognitive mechanisms in the expression of apathy.

title: Apathy in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Bacterial specificity in @entity0 periodontal diseases suggests the possibility of diagnosing and treating @entity3 as @entity1 and using microbiological diagnostic means to evaluate the efficacy of periodontal therapy. In a series of clinical trials, the usefulness of topical antimicrobial agents in combination with surgical and non-surgical conventional periodontal therapy were tested. The healing result was estimated by monitoring probing attachment levels (PAL). The usefulness of clinical and microbiological parameters to evaluate post-treatment healing result was tested. 9 of the @entity0 exhibiting sites with recurrent @entity2 were then evaluated for clinical and microbiological parameters to define accurate means to differentiate between active and @entity2 . The results showed that the frequency of periodontal lesions with significant @entity6 after treatment was less in @entity0 treated with antimicrobial agent. Specific microbiological parameters showed stronger correlation than clinical parameters with gain and/or @entity6 post-treatment. Thus @entity5 and @entity4 occurred in periodontal lesions with progressing disease after treatment, but were rarely detected in samples from pockets of the same depths which did not exhibit further @entity6 over a study period of 1 year. This study points to the usefulness of topical antimicrobial agent as an adjunct to mechanical subgingival debridement in the treatment of @entity3 in adults. The results also indicate the utility of diagnostic microbiology in the assessment of @entity2 activity post-treatment.

title: Topical antimicrobial therapy and diagnosis of subgingival bacteria in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. One hundred and two consecutive @entity0 undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomised to be sedated with either intravenous @entity3 (Diazemuls-Kabi Vitrum) or intravenous @entity2 (Hypnovel-Roche). It was assumed that @entity2 was likely to be approximately twice as potent as @entity3 on the basis of previous work. 2. All @entity0 had an ear oximeter attached throughout the procedure to record continuously their level of @entity1 saturation. 3. All 102 @entity0 had pre-endoscopy respiratory function tests measured and 100 wore an induction plethysmograph vest to allow continuous estimation of respiratory rate and excursion. The plethysmograph was calibrated using a pneumotachygraph, so baseline, post-injection and post-endoscopy minute volumes could be estimated. 4. The age, sex ratio and pre-endoscopy respiratory function tests of the 51 @entity0 given intravenous @entity3 in a mean dose (s.d.) of 11.5 (5.8) mg over a mean of 3.4 (0.9) min) were similar to that of the 51 @entity0 sedated with intravenous @entity2 (mean dose 6.0 (2.8) mg over 3.3 (0.9) min. 5. Both drugs significantly reduced minute volume (P less than 0.001) and @entity1 saturation (P less than 0.001). @entity2 appeared to produce slightly greater hypoxaemia with 57% having falls in @entity1 saturation of greater than 2.5% compared with only 35% given an equivalent dose of @entity3 . 6. Ventilation was still less than baseline when re-checked some minutes after removal of the gastroscope. The speed of recovery appeared faster after @entity3 sedation which is in contrast to its longer pharmacological half-life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of XXXX and @entity2 as endoscopy premedication assessing changes in ventilation and @entity1 saturation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. One hundred and two consecutive @entity0 undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomised to be sedated with either intravenous @entity3 (Diazemuls-Kabi Vitrum) or intravenous @entity2 (Hypnovel-Roche). It was assumed that @entity2 was likely to be approximately twice as potent as @entity3 on the basis of previous work. 2. All @entity0 had an ear oximeter attached throughout the procedure to record continuously their level of @entity1 saturation. 3. All 102 @entity0 had pre-endoscopy respiratory function tests measured and 100 wore an induction plethysmograph vest to allow continuous estimation of respiratory rate and excursion. The plethysmograph was calibrated using a pneumotachygraph, so baseline, post-injection and post-endoscopy minute volumes could be estimated. 4. The age, sex ratio and pre-endoscopy respiratory function tests of the 51 @entity0 given intravenous @entity3 in a mean dose (s.d.) of 11.5 (5.8) mg over a mean of 3.4 (0.9) min) were similar to that of the 51 @entity0 sedated with intravenous @entity2 (mean dose 6.0 (2.8) mg over 3.3 (0.9) min. 5. Both drugs significantly reduced minute volume (P less than 0.001) and @entity1 saturation (P less than 0.001). @entity2 appeared to produce slightly greater hypoxaemia with 57% having falls in @entity1 saturation of greater than 2.5% compared with only 35% given an equivalent dose of @entity3 . 6. Ventilation was still less than baseline when re-checked some minutes after removal of the gastroscope. The speed of recovery appeared faster after @entity3 sedation which is in contrast to its longer pharmacological half-life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of @entity3 and @entity2 as endoscopy premedication assessing changes in ventilation and XXXX saturation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. One hundred and two consecutive @entity0 undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomised to be sedated with either intravenous @entity3 (Diazemuls-Kabi Vitrum) or intravenous @entity2 (Hypnovel-Roche). It was assumed that @entity2 was likely to be approximately twice as potent as @entity3 on the basis of previous work. 2. All @entity0 had an ear oximeter attached throughout the procedure to record continuously their level of @entity1 saturation. 3. All 102 @entity0 had pre-endoscopy respiratory function tests measured and 100 wore an induction plethysmograph vest to allow continuous estimation of respiratory rate and excursion. The plethysmograph was calibrated using a pneumotachygraph, so baseline, post-injection and post-endoscopy minute volumes could be estimated. 4. The age, sex ratio and pre-endoscopy respiratory function tests of the 51 @entity0 given intravenous @entity3 in a mean dose (s.d.) of 11.5 (5.8) mg over a mean of 3.4 (0.9) min) were similar to that of the 51 @entity0 sedated with intravenous @entity2 (mean dose 6.0 (2.8) mg over 3.3 (0.9) min. 5. Both drugs significantly reduced minute volume (P less than 0.001) and @entity1 saturation (P less than 0.001). @entity2 appeared to produce slightly greater hypoxaemia with 57% having falls in @entity1 saturation of greater than 2.5% compared with only 35% given an equivalent dose of @entity3 . 6. Ventilation was still less than baseline when re-checked some minutes after removal of the gastroscope. The speed of recovery appeared faster after @entity3 sedation which is in contrast to its longer pharmacological half-life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of @entity3 and XXXX as endoscopy premedication assessing changes in ventilation and @entity1 saturation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Seven @entity0 (age 5 to 10 years) with @entity11 were investigated extensively. In 6 @entity0 elevations of blood @entity8 were found. Blood @entity5 levels were marginally elevated. Two @entity0 had variably elevated blood @entity4 levels. Metabolic studies were otherwise normal apart from minimally elevated blood @entity10 levels in 3 of 5 @entity0 tested, 2 of whom were on @entity6 . All 7 patients had anticonvulsant resistant @entity2 . EEG changes included generalized slowing and multifocal spike wave discharges, and pseudo-periodic burst-suppression patterns during sleep. Respiratory monitoring revealed @entity9 only during the waking record. Six @entity0 were below the 5th centile for weight despite normal caloric intake. Treatment with ketogenic diets, using medium chain @entity3 (MCT) oil when possible, has improved @entity2 control in the 5 @entity0 who could tolerate the diet. Slight behavioral and motor improvement has occurred in these 5 @entity0 and 6 of 7 @entity0 on high fat diets have gained weight. With a possible defect in @entity7 metabolism and a @entity1 , use of a ketogenic diet is logical and appears to produce clinical benefit in @entity0 with Rett Syndrome.

title: Therapeutic effects of a ketogenic diet in XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity5 is a common but preventable cause of @entity2 . The incidence of @entity5 in the newborn population is about 1:3500 to 1:4000. @entity0 with @entity4 are at a special risk. Fort et al. reported an incidence of persistent primary @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity4 of 1:141 or 28 times higher than the general newborn population. Premature @entity0 have varying degrees of @entity1 of @entity3 and are at a special risk for a variety of @entity3 . These @entity0 need adequate understanding and interpretation of their laboratory values before institution of replacement hormonal therapy. Screening programs are available in 48 states and have led to prompt diagnosis and recognition of most cases that would otherwise be missed. Prevention of @entity2 depends on early and adequate treatment. This requires close cooperation between the program and the physicians involved in the care of the @entity0 . Many state screening programs maintain a list of experts who are available for consultation, if necessary.

title: XXXX : diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Nine pediatric @entity0 with moderate or severe @entity5 (3 @entity3 or @entity4 , 2 @entity7 , @entity8 , 1 @entity1 and 1 pyothorax) in hospital were treated with @entity6 / @entity9 . The drug was administered intravenously by 30 or 60 minutes drip infusion in 3 or 4 divided doses totalling 24 mg/24 mg-70.2 mg/70.2 mg per kg/day. Clinical effectiveness were excellent in 4 cases, good in 2 cases, poor in 2 cases and not evaluated in 1 case. The overall efficacy rate was 75%. A slight decrease of WBC was observed in 1 case. It was concluded that @entity6 / @entity9 was a useful antibiotic for the treatment of @entity2 in pediatric practices. Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered @entity6 / @entity9 was studied in 2 other cases. The @entity6 / @entity9 was administered intravenously by 30 or 60 minutes drip infusion to 2 cases at a dose of 10 mg/10 mg/kg. The mean half-life (T1/2) of @entity6 was 1.03 hours and @entity9 , 0.69 hour. The mean urinary recovery rate of @entity6 within 6.5-7 hours after administration was 62.5% and @entity9 , 76.7%.

title: [Clinical evaluation of XXXX /cilastatin sodium in @entity0 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Nine pediatric @entity0 with moderate or severe @entity5 (3 @entity3 or @entity4 , 2 @entity7 , @entity8 , 1 @entity1 and 1 pyothorax) in hospital were treated with @entity6 / @entity9 . The drug was administered intravenously by 30 or 60 minutes drip infusion in 3 or 4 divided doses totalling 24 mg/24 mg-70.2 mg/70.2 mg per kg/day. Clinical effectiveness were excellent in 4 cases, good in 2 cases, poor in 2 cases and not evaluated in 1 case. The overall efficacy rate was 75%. A slight decrease of WBC was observed in 1 case. It was concluded that @entity6 / @entity9 was a useful antibiotic for the treatment of @entity2 in pediatric practices. Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered @entity6 / @entity9 was studied in 2 other cases. The @entity6 / @entity9 was administered intravenously by 30 or 60 minutes drip infusion to 2 cases at a dose of 10 mg/10 mg/kg. The mean half-life (T1/2) of @entity6 was 1.03 hours and @entity9 , 0.69 hour. The mean urinary recovery rate of @entity6 within 6.5-7 hours after administration was 62.5% and @entity9 , 76.7%.

title: [Clinical evaluation of @entity6 /cilastatin sodium in XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Varying dilutions containing from 10(6) to 10(3) spontaneously transformed Balb/3T3 cells were inoculated into @entity1 [N:NIH( @entity3 ]. Less than half the @entity1 inoculated with 10(3) cells developed @entity0 . The higher concentrations of cells produced visible @entity0 in all @entity1 within 2-3 weeks, and these @entity0 grew rapidly to large sizes. Some @entity0 initiated by the lower concentrations of cells arose quickly, but others were greatly delayed in onset, then grew slowly, if at all, for several weeks before a rapid acceleration. The delayed acceleration can be considered a form of @entity0 progression. When first explanted into culture, cells from the early @entity0 multiplied somewhat more slowly than the parental cells that initiated the @entity0 , but narrowed the gap in a few weekly passages. By contrast, only a small fraction (less than or equal to 0.001) of cells from the longest delayed @entity0 could sustain multiplication in culture, although flow cytometry revealed them to have been a rapidly multiplying population when explanted. A relatively large fraction of these explanted @entity0 cells incorporated a 1-hour pulse of @entity2 into DNA, although at a low rate. The shift to culture apparently slowed progress through the S-period of the cell cycle. The multiplication rate of cell populations from the delayed @entity0 increased in successive passages in culture. There was great heterogeneity in growth capacity among clones of the @entity0 cells. The growth rates of some clones declined to the point of extinction, those of others remained constant for several weeks, while those of still others steadily increased in growth rate. The low initial cloning efficiency of cells from the delayed @entity0 and the heterogeneity of growth rates among the clonable cells indicate that selection plays a major role in the increase of the growth capacity of the cell population. The steady increase in growth rates within clones suggests that physiological adaptation also contributes to the progressive growth of the @entity0 populations in culture. The results constitute a rationale for using the progressive growth of cells in culture as a model system for discriminating the types of cellular changes that underlie @entity0 progression.

title: Tumor progression in XXXX and its representation in cell culture.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The activated @entity0 @entity3 oncogene was subjected to the control of the promoter region of the @entity2 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene, which is expressed in mammary epithelial cells in response to lactogenic hormones. The @entity4 -ras gene was stably introduced into the @entity2 germ line of five @entity2 (one male and four females). @entity4 -ras expression was observed in the mammary glands of lactating females in two lines derived from female founders. The tissue-directed and hormone-dependent @entity4 expression was conferred on the @entity3 oncogene. The signals governing @entity4 expression are located within 2.5 kilobases of 5' flanking sequence. The other two lines derived from female founders did not express the chimeric gene. In the line derived from the male founder, the @entity4 -ras gene is integrated into the Y chromosome. Expression was found in the salivary gland of male animals only. After a long latency, @entity4 -ras-expressing @entity2 developed @entity1 . The @entity1 arose in tissues expressing @entity4 -ras--i.e., mammary or salivary glands. Compared to the corresponding nonmalignant tissues, @entity4 -ras expression was enhanced in the @entity1 .

title: XXXX oncogene expression directed by a milk protein gene promoter: tissue specificity, hormonal regulation, and @entity1 induction in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The activated @entity0 @entity3 oncogene was subjected to the control of the promoter region of the @entity2 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene, which is expressed in mammary epithelial cells in response to lactogenic hormones. The @entity4 -ras gene was stably introduced into the @entity2 germ line of five @entity2 (one male and four females). @entity4 -ras expression was observed in the mammary glands of lactating females in two lines derived from female founders. The tissue-directed and hormone-dependent @entity4 expression was conferred on the @entity3 oncogene. The signals governing @entity4 expression are located within 2.5 kilobases of 5' flanking sequence. The other two lines derived from female founders did not express the chimeric gene. In the line derived from the male founder, the @entity4 -ras gene is integrated into the Y chromosome. Expression was found in the salivary gland of male animals only. After a long latency, @entity4 -ras-expressing @entity2 developed @entity1 . The @entity1 arose in tissues expressing @entity4 -ras--i.e., mammary or salivary glands. Compared to the corresponding nonmalignant tissues, @entity4 -ras expression was enhanced in the @entity1 .

title: @entity3 oncogene expression directed by a milk protein gene promoter: tissue specificity, hormonal regulation, and XXXX induction in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The activated @entity0 @entity3 oncogene was subjected to the control of the promoter region of the @entity2 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene, which is expressed in mammary epithelial cells in response to lactogenic hormones. The @entity4 -ras gene was stably introduced into the @entity2 germ line of five @entity2 (one male and four females). @entity4 -ras expression was observed in the mammary glands of lactating females in two lines derived from female founders. The tissue-directed and hormone-dependent @entity4 expression was conferred on the @entity3 oncogene. The signals governing @entity4 expression are located within 2.5 kilobases of 5' flanking sequence. The other two lines derived from female founders did not express the chimeric gene. In the line derived from the male founder, the @entity4 -ras gene is integrated into the Y chromosome. Expression was found in the salivary gland of male animals only. After a long latency, @entity4 -ras-expressing @entity2 developed @entity1 . The @entity1 arose in tissues expressing @entity4 -ras--i.e., mammary or salivary glands. Compared to the corresponding nonmalignant tissues, @entity4 -ras expression was enhanced in the @entity1 .

title: @entity3 oncogene expression directed by a milk protein gene promoter: tissue specificity, hormonal regulation, and @entity1 induction in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Signs of @entity1 in adolescents were studied longitudinally from the age of 17 to 19 years. Totally, 27 subjects dropped out, leaving 258 for the longitudinal intraindividual comparisons. @entity2 sounds were found in about one-fifth of the adolescents and were recorded significantly more often in @entity0 than @entity0 from the age of 18 years. The frequency of muscles tender to palpation fluctuated somewhat between the annual examinations. At the first and second examination muscle tenderness was statistically significantly commoner in @entity0 than in @entity0 . Except for @entity2 sounds and muscle tenderness signs of @entity1 were rare. About half of the subjects had signs of @entity1 , mostly of mild character. @entity0 regularly had significantly higher dysfunction index (Di) values than @entity0 . No change between the annual recordings was noted in 60% of the individuals, and impairment and improvement had occurred about equally often. In 29%, signs were recorded all years.

title: Two-year longitudinal study of signs of XXXX in adolescents.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This is a personal review of the concepts used in deciding ethical questions as to the use of animals in research in the field of shock and @entity1 . There are for me ethical considerations since I feel animals can and should be used experimentally to advance the cause of the alleviation of @entity2 and suffering amongst severely injured @entity0 . The framework within which such decisions are to be made has been provided for us in Sweden by laws enacted some years ago. Even with ethical review by specially appointed, regional Ethical Committees there still remain problems for the individual research scientist to resolve after the dictates of his own conscience. I operate under the dictum that @entity0 life is more valuable than animal life and that I can offer up animal lives to improve the health and welfare of @entity0 . Research in the area of shock and @entity1 is important, since lives are lost due to our ignorance of many aspects of the pathophysiology of the problem. The injured are often relatively young who can be restored completely to health and gainful employment. The problem is also of interest for the emerging nations of the third world, since it is often their elite who are carried from the scene prematurely. New impetus to research has been provided by the realization that the @entity1 itself sets in motion events which can add to the final result. Better understanding here should lead to better treatment modalities.

title: The ethics of animal experimentation in the field of shock and XXXX research.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: For planning the therapeutic strategies and estimating the prognosis in @entity2 , N-staging is very important. To date, MRI still is of minor importance as imaging modality of the mediastinum despite promising developments in the past, like ECG-gating or "averaging" sequences, e. g., LOTA (Long-term averaging), which facilitate mediastinal and thoracic MR-imaging. In a prospective approach, the value of MRI based N-staging was examined with respect to LOTA-sequences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Within four weeks prior to esophagectomy, standardized MRI of the esophagus was performed in 15 @entity0 (10 @entity4 and 5 @entity3 ) using a 1.5 T whole body scanner. Imaging quality was classified based on depiction of aortic wall or tracheal wall layers. Criteria for malignant infiltration were a diameter of more than 15 mm or a round appearance of a lymph node together with GD- @entity5 enhancement. All data were blinded and separately read by two radiologists. The data of the study were compared with those from the pathological workup of the resected specimen. RESULTS: MRI had a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity of 78 % for lymph node @entity1 . Due to incomplete depiction of the celiac trunk (M1), nodal @entity1 in a non-enlarged node was missed. CONCLUSION: With modern MRI, N-staging is almost as accurate as the gold standard endoscopic ultrasound and should particularly be used in @entity0 not suited for an endoscopic ultrasound examination.

title: [MRI-based N-staging in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Monocytes cause @entity0 -treated T cells to secrete @entity1 and to lose cell surface T3. We have studied the fate of the "lost" T3. Immunofluorescence microscopy on permeabilized cells showed that monocytes induce T cells to internalize T3. Furthermore, experiments with radioiodinated T cells showed that the internalized T3 was not degraded and exhibited an unaltered polypeptide composition for at least 16 hr. The role of Fc receptors in inducing internalization was also investigated. Fc receptors were depleted from monocytes by allowing the phagocytes to spread on immune complexes. Such depleted monocytes exhibit a fourfold reduction in their ability to promote both internalization of T3 and production of @entity1 . A comparable reduction is seen if F(ab')2 fragments of OKT3 were employed in place of intact IgG. Furthermore, monocyte Fc receptors that have been blocked by heat-aggregated human IgG also show much reduced capability for induction of @entity0 -mediated T-cell proliferation. We therefore conclude that Fc receptors bind to the Fc domain of @entity0 and thereby cause @entity0 -treated T cells to internalize T3 and become activated.

title: Fc receptors on monocytes cause OKT3-treated lymphocytes to internalize T3 and to secrete XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity10 is an infrequently reported heritable entity characterized by @entity9 , @entity13 , and @entity3 . Here we add an additional 8 @entity0 , and compare their findings to the 16 cases from the literature. The @entity9 is usually congenital, can be markedly asymmetrical, and, often, gradually progressive. Complications such as @entity14 are common. The @entity13 are present in the intestines, but have also been found in the pleura, pericardium, thyroid gland, and kidney. Several @entity0 have demonstrated @entity2 , pointing to a disturbance of angiogenesis in at least some of the @entity0 . Facial features are variable, and are chiefly characterized, in a typical @entity0 , by a flat face, flat and broad nasal bridge, and @entity12 . Facial features are thought to mirror the extent of intrauterine @entity8 , or may be caused by lymphatic obstruction that affects the early migration of neural crest tissue. @entity2 have included @entity6 , @entity11 , @entity4 , and @entity1 . The psychomotor development varies widely, even within a single family, from almost normal development to severe @entity7 . @entity5 are common. The existence of 10 familial cases, equal sex ratio, increased parental consanguinity rate (4/20 families), and absence of vertical transmission are consistent with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. It seems likely that most (but not all) manifestations of the entity can be explained as sequences of impaired prenatal and postnatal lymphatic flow, suggesting that the causative gene(s) should have a major function in lymphangiogenesis.

title: XXXX (Hennekam) syndrome: a review.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMC) from @entity0 with @entity2 characteristically respond poorly to mitogens. In this study, mitogenic antibodies reactive with the CD3(T3) antigen on @entity0 T lymphocytes were used to analyze the basis for the deficiency. OKT3-induced proliferation and release of interleukin 1 ( @entity3 ) and interleukin 2 ( @entity4 ) from SFMC were @entity1 in all @entity0 . Purified @entity3 or recombinant @entity4 restored proliferative responses in SFMC and increased @entity5 density. Exogenous @entity3 also enhanced @entity4 release. Fractionation of SFMC supernatants on phosphocellulose columns revealed the presence of @entity3 and a potent @entity3 inhibitor. The monocyte-derived @entity3 inhibitor blocked @entity3 -dependent responses of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes to OKT3, but had no effect on @entity4 -dependent events. These results suggest that @entity3 inhibitor(s) in SFMC impair(s) OKT3-induced mitogenesis by interfering with the effects of @entity3 on T lymphocytes. The net result is deficient @entity4 secretion, @entity5 expression, and impaired cellular proliferation. This novel inhibitory circuit provides a rational explanation for the diminished function of synovial fluid T lymphocytes in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Basis for defective responses of XXXX synovial fluid lymphocytes to anti-CD3 (T3) antibodies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The sonographic appearance of hemorrhagic @entity1 (HOC) has received little attention aside from a recent report in adolescent @entity0 . We reviewed the sonographic findings in 14 adults with 15 pathologically proven HOC to see whether there were any consistent sonographic findings that, along with the clinical history, might make possible the diagnosis. The majority (93%) of @entity0 presented with the abrupt onset of lower abdominal or pelvic @entity3 , and each, when clinically appropriate, had a negative serum pregnancy test. Sonographically, all of the masses were cystic except one. The cyst wall was thin and well defined in six cases and thick and irregular in eight. The majority (87%) had internal echoes. These echoes were scattered and low level or diffuse and homogeneous (27%) or complex and echogenic (53%) in nature. Two cysts had numerous septations, and another had a fluid--debris interface. If the @entity3 subsides and the hematocrit remains stable, the premenopausal @entity0 can be managed conservatively. Sonographic follow-up is recommended so that an underlying @entity2 can be excluded. This was present in three of our @entity0 , two of whom were postmenopausal.

title: Sonography of hemorrhagic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: One hundred and eight male Egyptian farmers with @entity6 were reviewed. All @entity0 gave a history of bloody @entity3 . Sixty-one @entity0 presented with finger clubbing, and four of these @entity0 had @entity2 , tender and swollen wrist, knee and @entity8 . X-ray revealed new bone formation in the bones around these joints. The clinical condition improved with antischistosomal treatment, but the bony changes persisted. Twenty @entity0 showed signs of dependent @entity1 or @entity4 . Thirty-one @entity0 had a liver of 8 cm or more below costal margin and 19 @entity0 had a spleen of 8 cm or more below costal margin, a situation not unlike @entity0 with @entity7 without @entity6 . Fifteen @entity0 had tender abdominal masses in the left iliac fossa which were shown by barium enemas to be clusters of @entity5 . Anti-schistosomal therapy relieved the obstruction but narrowing persisted in 70% of @entity0 followed up. Severity of @entity6 correlated with the anatomical distribution of the @entity5 , with their number and with the egg excretion rates.

title: XXXX : clinical, radiological and parasitological study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: We established a new @entity1 cell line, designated Y-ML-1B, from a @entity1 of a 70-year-old Japanese @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity10 . Before surgical resection, the white blood cell and platelet counts were elevated to 34,400/mm3 and 668,000/mm3, respectively, and the @entity11 ( @entity11 ) level in the serum was increased at 141 pg/mL. The @entity2 showed an undifferentiated morphology with large cells and induced extensive thickening of the pleura in the right hemithorax. The Y-ML-1B cells grow as a monolayer, with a doubling time of 19 hours, and are tumorigenic in @entity3 , which showed a morphology similar to the @entity2 in xenografts. Analysis of the supernatant of cell culture medium of Y-ML-1B showed elevated levels of @entity11 and other cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, @entity5 , and @entity13 ( @entity13 ), consistent with the high levels detected in the patient's serum. Cytogenetic analysis revealed aneuploidy of greater than 56 in metaphases with many @entity12 . Mutation analysis of the @entity2 suppressor genes showed that Y-ML-1B is inactivated in @entity6 and @entity18 , but not in @entity8 (ARF), @entity8 ( @entity8 ), or @entity9 . Neither activating mutations of @entity7 or @entity17 nor amplification of MYC or @entity16 were detected. Y-ML-1B expressed @entity15 but not @entity14 . This newly established cell line might serve as a useful model for studying the molecular pathogenesis for large cell cancers of the lung which express high levels of cytokines.

title: Establishment of a XXXX cell line (Y-ML-1B) producing @entity11 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We established a new @entity1 cell line, designated Y-ML-1B, from a @entity1 of a 70-year-old Japanese @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity10 . Before surgical resection, the white blood cell and platelet counts were elevated to 34,400/mm3 and 668,000/mm3, respectively, and the @entity11 ( @entity11 ) level in the serum was increased at 141 pg/mL. The @entity2 showed an undifferentiated morphology with large cells and induced extensive thickening of the pleura in the right hemithorax. The Y-ML-1B cells grow as a monolayer, with a doubling time of 19 hours, and are tumorigenic in @entity3 , which showed a morphology similar to the @entity2 in xenografts. Analysis of the supernatant of cell culture medium of Y-ML-1B showed elevated levels of @entity11 and other cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, @entity5 , and @entity13 ( @entity13 ), consistent with the high levels detected in the patient's serum. Cytogenetic analysis revealed aneuploidy of greater than 56 in metaphases with many @entity12 . Mutation analysis of the @entity2 suppressor genes showed that Y-ML-1B is inactivated in @entity6 and @entity18 , but not in @entity8 (ARF), @entity8 ( @entity8 ), or @entity9 . Neither activating mutations of @entity7 or @entity17 nor amplification of MYC or @entity16 were detected. Y-ML-1B expressed @entity15 but not @entity14 . This newly established cell line might serve as a useful model for studying the molecular pathogenesis for large cell cancers of the lung which express high levels of cytokines.

title: Establishment of a @entity1 cell line (Y-ML-1B) producing XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity3 is a @entity1 of the dental enamel, in both primary and permanent dentition. The main clinical characteristics are extensive loss of tooth tissue, poor esthetics, and tooth sensitivity. Transmission of the gene takes place by either autosomal, dominant X-linked, or recessive modes. This clinical report describes a treatment sequence based on a multidisciplinary approach. A 21-year-old @entity0 with @entity2 was referred to the Ege University School of Dentistry clinic. She was concerned about the poor appearance and sensitivity of her teeth. The @entity0 presented with an anterior open bite, although orthodontic treatment had been completed previously. Periodontal gingivectomy of her posterior teeth followed by endodontic treatment where indicated was proposed. The prosthodontic treatment consisted of metal ceramic fixed partial dentures of precious alloy. At the end of treatment, function and esthetics were improved to a level acceptable to both the @entity0 and the dental team.

title: XXXX : the multidisciplinary approach. A case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: All of the cases involving @entity2 of the mandible and/or maxilla in Greenland were recorded in a 1 1/2 year period beginning 1 July 1981. Further information of aetiological patterns was added from 2 studies of mandibular @entity2 in Godth  b/Greenland. The incidence of @entity3 in Greenland (17 to 10,000 per year) was the highest ever reported. In 90% of these cases, the cause of @entity2 were interpersonal violence. @entity3 were encountered in nearly all districts of Greenland, most often in urban areas and the @entity0 were chiefly of Greenlandic descent. The % of @entity0 in the age group of 20-29 years was extremely high (57%) as was the @entity0 (36%). 75% of the @entity0 were ill-treated by their spouses. In half of the cases, the victims and the assailants were related. Victims unknown to the assailants made up only 20% of the cases. These were trends typical of a small society. Compared to other reports, violence in Greenland was aggravated and involvement of @entity1 was seen in 4 out of 5 cases. Regulation and deregulation of @entity1 in Greenland had only temporary effects on the occurrence of @entity3 . Aetiological patterns of @entity3 changes from one subculture to another depending on social conditions. The figures from Greenland demonstrated this.

title: Incidence and aetiological pattern of XXXX in Greenland.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) and chronic @entity14 ( @entity14 ) are common in developing countries. Two-thirds of @entity14 @entity0 are school- @entity0 aged between 5 and 15 years. Pre-schoolers aged <5 years are not immune to @entity10 however, and to date @entity14 patterns in this very young age group have not been studied systematically. METHODS: Records of all @entity14 @entity0 seen at the authors' institution between January 1999 and December 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. A special analysis was conducted among pre-school @entity0 aged <5 years. RESULTS: Thirty-eight (6.8%) of the @entity10 / @entity14 admissions were aged <5 years, and 28 of these @entity0 (20 males, 8 females) presented with acute @entity10 . The mean age of acute @entity10 diagnosis was 4 years. All @entity10 / @entity14 @entity0 aged <5 years were in normal sinus rhythm. Joint @entity2 and swelling (25 cases; characteristic @entity7 in six, monoarthritis in five) and @entity3 (24 cases) were the most frequent symptoms. @entity7 , @entity9 and @entity11 occurred in 75%, 50% and 4% respectively, with no instances of @entity13 or subcutaneous nodules. Effort intolerance, chest discomfort and palpitations were reported by nine, five and three cases, respectively. @entity5 was the most common @entity6 in @entity10 . The youngest case of confirmed acute @entity10 was an 18-month-old male. The only @entity0 with @entity12 in the present series was a 4-year-old @entity0 . None of the @entity0 required surgical intervention, and there were no deaths. CONCLUSION: @entity14 is common in very young age groups of <5 years. Pre-schoolers account for a significant proportion of acute @entity10 and chronic @entity14 admissions among @entity0 . @entity5 is the most common cardiac manifestation, @entity6 is distinctly rare in this age group. @entity4 , @entity8 and @entity1 may complicate the course of @entity10 in these very young @entity0 .

title: XXXX occurrence, patterns and clinical correlates in @entity0 aged less than five years.

answer: @entity14


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) and chronic @entity14 ( @entity14 ) are common in developing countries. Two-thirds of @entity14 @entity0 are school- @entity0 aged between 5 and 15 years. Pre-schoolers aged <5 years are not immune to @entity10 however, and to date @entity14 patterns in this very young age group have not been studied systematically. METHODS: Records of all @entity14 @entity0 seen at the authors' institution between January 1999 and December 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. A special analysis was conducted among pre-school @entity0 aged <5 years. RESULTS: Thirty-eight (6.8%) of the @entity10 / @entity14 admissions were aged <5 years, and 28 of these @entity0 (20 males, 8 females) presented with acute @entity10 . The mean age of acute @entity10 diagnosis was 4 years. All @entity10 / @entity14 @entity0 aged <5 years were in normal sinus rhythm. Joint @entity2 and swelling (25 cases; characteristic @entity7 in six, monoarthritis in five) and @entity3 (24 cases) were the most frequent symptoms. @entity7 , @entity9 and @entity11 occurred in 75%, 50% and 4% respectively, with no instances of @entity13 or subcutaneous nodules. Effort intolerance, chest discomfort and palpitations were reported by nine, five and three cases, respectively. @entity5 was the most common @entity6 in @entity10 . The youngest case of confirmed acute @entity10 was an 18-month-old male. The only @entity0 with @entity12 in the present series was a 4-year-old @entity0 . None of the @entity0 required surgical intervention, and there were no deaths. CONCLUSION: @entity14 is common in very young age groups of <5 years. Pre-schoolers account for a significant proportion of acute @entity10 and chronic @entity14 admissions among @entity0 . @entity5 is the most common cardiac manifestation, @entity6 is distinctly rare in this age group. @entity4 , @entity8 and @entity1 may complicate the course of @entity10 in these very young @entity0 .

title: @entity14 occurrence, patterns and clinical correlates in XXXX aged less than five years.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effects of @entity3 on dimensions and ultrastructure of microvascular beds in @entity0 mesentery were studied in two kinds of experiment, administering the fixative by intra-arterial perfusion at a pressure of 80 mm Hg and by superfusion of the exteriorized mesenteric membrane. The microvascular segments were observed by means of intravital microscopy and recorded on videotape before, during, and after @entity3 reached the microvascular segment being observed. Vascular outer diameters were measured at exactly the same points before and after fixation; in Epon embedded whole-mounts; and in sections analyzed by light and transmission electron microscopy, confirming positively the various segments of the microvascular bed and yielding information concerning the preservation of cellular components. Both experiments confirmed that neither perfusion nor superfusion of @entity3 changes the outer diameter of any segment of the microvascular bed compared to the dimensions 5-10 sec before the blood vessels are reached by the fixative. They remain unaltered also after embedding in @entity2 resin. During superfusion, there is a 20-50 sec delay until the blood flow comes to a complete stop. This delay is assumed to give rise to the recorded small undulations of luminal endothelial cell membranes and slight buckling of the entire endothelial layer, probably due to a gradual fall in intravascular pressure. Occasionally, the ultrastructure of some endothelial cells is less well preserved after superfusion fixation. This study demonstrates that intraarterial perfusion of @entity3 renders an instantaneous fixation of mesenteric microvessels, preserving the prefixation dimensions of the various segments and the ultrastructure of the cells. Superfusion of @entity3 is slower in reaching the microvessels and may change slightly the appearance of the vascular wall, and cause some @entity1 , such as increased postcapillary leukocyte margination and extravasation.

title: Perfusion and superfusion fixation effects on XXXX mesentery microvascular beds. Intravital and electron microscope analyses.

answer: @entity0


abstract: It is becoming increasingly apparent that there are important gender differences in normal cardiac physiology. These, in turn, could be associated with differences in the type and severity of @entity2 . @entity0 have higher resting heart rates than @entity0 , probably as a result of a combination of autonomic and intrinsic factors. The clinical significance of this observation is unclear at the present time. @entity0 have a lower incidence of @entity4 , which could be related to the delayed onset of @entity1 in @entity0 , presumably as a result of the protective effects of female hormones during gestational years. In survivors of @entity4 , there are major gender differences, with fewer @entity0 having underlying @entity1 and a greater percentage of @entity0 having structurally normal hearts. QT interval prolongation and @entity5 are more common in @entity0 , probably on the basis of differences in ion channels between genders. @entity0 appear especially susceptible to Torsades from QT-prolonging drugs such as @entity7 or tricyclic antidepressant medications. The mechanisms of paroxysmal @entity6 differ between the genders, although therapy seems to be equally efficacious in @entity0 and @entity0 . Lastly, @entity3 is considerably more common in @entity0 . There is also some evidence that it is better tolerated by @entity0 .

title: The influence of gender on XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the types and clinical characteristics of traumatic @entity9 (TSH). METHOD: One hundred and ninety-two cases of TSH were classified into four types: The types of resolution, steadiness, development and evolution on the basis of their clinical characteristics and dynamic observation of CT scanning. RESULTS: The @entity0 in the resolution type often occurred in the prime of life. They had normal intracranial pressure and good prognoses using the conservative therapy. The majority of the elderly @entity0 was in the steadiness type. Their main clinical manifestations included @entity1 , @entity7 , @entity4 , vomit, abnormal mentality and so on. Generally, there was no positive nervous systemic sign related to TSH. The prognoses of @entity0 with the steadiness type treated by conservative therapy were satisfactory. The development type was common in the babies and @entity0 . This was mainly manifested as progressive @entity5 , mild @entity6 , @entity8 and abnormal mentality. The @entity0 with development type often needed surgical treatment and might die once in a while due to accompanying cerebral @entity3 . The evolution type was characterized by the polarized age, chronic @entity5 , often happening between 22 and 100 days after TSH and in the cases of small hydromas treated conservatively and mild accompanying @entity2 , which always have a good prognosis by the treatment of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism, clinical characteristics, treatment methods and prognoses varied with different types of TSH.

title: [Type and its clinical characteristics of traumatic XXXX ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity6 expression in @entity2 cells has been correlated with poor prognosis. This study attempts to assess the prognostic importance of stromal @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: @entity6 , @entity6 activator, @entity7 , and its inhibitor ( @entity8 ) were immunostained in 84 @entity2 (EOCs) (35 @entity9 [ @entity9 ] and 49 @entity5 [ @entity5 ]). Results were correlated to pathological subtypes, @entity1 stage, grade, size, and to recurrence-free and @entity1 -specific survival. RESULTS: @entity6 and stromal @entity6 were detected in all @entity3 cells of 22.2% of EC and 77.8% of SC @entity1 . @entity7 co-localized with @entity6 . @entity8 staining was weak and cytoplasmically distributed in all @entity1 . Univariant analysis showed expression of stromal @entity6 significantly associated with advanced stage (P = 0.018), higher grade (P = 0.005), serous subtype (P = 0.02), smaller @entity1 size at operation (P = 0.001), and higher incidence of recurrence (P = 0.042), but not with the rate of @entity4 due to @entity1 . By multiple Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, @entity0 survival and disease-free survival were significantly related to the presence of stromal @entity6 in EC but not SC @entity0 (P < 0.05). However, after multivariant analysis, the associations with @entity0 age, @entity1 stage, grade, and size no longer existed. In stepwise selection, @entity1 stage remained the most important predictor of @entity0 survival and disease-free survival in ovarian EC and SC, but stromal @entity6 remained the most important predictor of recurrence-free survival in @entity0 with EC. CONCLUSIONS: Stromal @entity6 occurs early and may play a role early in EOC invasion. @entity1 stage and stromal @entity6 are important predictors of disease-free survival.

title: Prognostic significance of stromal metalloproteinase-2 in @entity2 and its relation to XXXX progression.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity6 expression in @entity2 cells has been correlated with poor prognosis. This study attempts to assess the prognostic importance of stromal @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: @entity6 , @entity6 activator, @entity7 , and its inhibitor ( @entity8 ) were immunostained in 84 @entity2 (EOCs) (35 @entity9 [ @entity9 ] and 49 @entity5 [ @entity5 ]). Results were correlated to pathological subtypes, @entity1 stage, grade, size, and to recurrence-free and @entity1 -specific survival. RESULTS: @entity6 and stromal @entity6 were detected in all @entity3 cells of 22.2% of EC and 77.8% of SC @entity1 . @entity7 co-localized with @entity6 . @entity8 staining was weak and cytoplasmically distributed in all @entity1 . Univariant analysis showed expression of stromal @entity6 significantly associated with advanced stage (P = 0.018), higher grade (P = 0.005), serous subtype (P = 0.02), smaller @entity1 size at operation (P = 0.001), and higher incidence of recurrence (P = 0.042), but not with the rate of @entity4 due to @entity1 . By multiple Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, @entity0 survival and disease-free survival were significantly related to the presence of stromal @entity6 in EC but not SC @entity0 (P < 0.05). However, after multivariant analysis, the associations with @entity0 age, @entity1 stage, grade, and size no longer existed. In stepwise selection, @entity1 stage remained the most important predictor of @entity0 survival and disease-free survival in ovarian EC and SC, but stromal @entity6 remained the most important predictor of recurrence-free survival in @entity0 with EC. CONCLUSIONS: Stromal @entity6 occurs early and may play a role early in EOC invasion. @entity1 stage and stromal @entity6 are important predictors of disease-free survival.

title: Prognostic significance of stromal metalloproteinase-2 in XXXX and its relation to @entity3 progression.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Microtubule dynamics underlie spindle assembly, yet we do not know how the spindle environment affects these dynamics. We developed methods for measuring two key parameters of microtubule plus-end dynamic instability in @entity0 egg extract spindles. To measure plus-end polymerization rates and localize growing plus ends, we used fluorescence confocal imaging of @entity2 . This revealed plus-end polymerization throughout the spindle at approximately 11 microm/min, similar to astral microtubules, suggesting polymerization velocity is not regionally regulated by the spindle. The ratio of @entity2 to microtubule fluorescence revealed an enrichment of polymerizing ends near the spindle middle, indicating enhanced nucleation or rescue there. We measured depolymerization rates by creating a front of synchronized depolymerization in spindles severed with microneedles. This front could be tracked by polarization and fluorescence microscopy as it advanced from each cut edge toward the associated pole. Both imaging modalities revealed rapid depolymerization ( approximately 30 microm/min) superimposed on a subset of microtubules stable to depolymerization. Larger spindle fragments contained a higher percentage of stable microtubules, which we believe were oriented with their minus ends facing the cut. Depolymerization was blocked by the potent microtubule stabilizing agent @entity1 , but was unaffected by alpha- @entity3 antibody and AMPPNP, which block catastrophe and kinesin motility, respectively. These measurements move us closer to understanding the complete life history of a spindle microtubule.

title: Microtubule plus-end dynamics in XXXX egg extract spindles.

answer: @entity0