abstract: BACKGROUND: This retrospective study was carried out to ascertain the extent of efficacy of nonsurgical salvage modalities, mainly chemotherapy (CT) alone or chemoradiotherapy (CTRT), for loco-regional failures in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Between 1991 and 1999, 131 @entity0 with @entity1 , mostly stages III and IV, who had loco-regional residual ( n = 78) or recurrent lesions ( n = 53) following curative therapy with either radiotherapy (RT), neoadjuvant CT (NACT) followed by RT, or concurrent CTRT were included in this analysis. Of these, 84 @entity0 (residual, 58; recurrent, 26), did not receive any form of salvage therapy, while 47 had either CT alone ( n = 22) or CTRT ( n = 25). Endpoints evaluated were: loco-regional response (LRR), post-salvage survival (PS), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and normal tissue acute and late morbidities. RESULTS: Salvage therapy enabled a LRR in 46.8% of the @entity0 . Both @entity2 and PS were also significantly better for those who received salvage therapy ( P < 0.001). CTRT appears to offer significantly better salvage than CT alone for all the evaluated endpoints. Multivariate analysis for LRR, PS, and @entity2 consistently showed the salvage RT dose to be a significant predictor. Early and late effects of salvage therapy were not influenced by either the salvage or total RT doses. CONCLUSION: Loco-regional failures in advanced @entity1 can be effectively salvaged by CTRT to significantly prolong @entity2 and PS. However, to achieve an optimum therapeutic ratio, the choice of drugs, their schedule, and the RT dose need to be defined through randomized trials.

title: Loco-regional failures in XXXX : can they be effectively salvaged by nonsurgical therapeutic modalities?

answer: @entity1


abstract: An oral @entity1 tolerance test (OGTT) was used to assess @entity4 ( @entity4 ) secretion in @entity0 with @entity3 prior to (n = 26) and after (n = 71) transsphenoidal adenomectomy as well as in 196 controls. In controls, suppressed concentrations of @entity4 showed a negative relationship both with body mass index (BMI) and with age. Having calculated the reference intervals for suppressed @entity4 concentrations to be expected for any given age and BMI, we compared these individually predicted ranges to @entity4 concentrations actually observed in @entity0 with @entity3 during OGTT. Preoperatively, concentrations exceeded the normal range in all @entity0 . Postoperatively, @entity1 -suppressed concentrations of @entity4 were less than 2.0 ng/mL in 56 (79%) @entity0 and less than 1.0 ng/mL in 44 (62%). However, only 37 of 71 (52%) @entity0 had @entity1 -suppressed @entity4 concentrations within the calculated reference intervals (defined by the 95th percentile of normal). Comparing these data with the @entity0 's concentrations of @entity2 ( @entity2 ; normal range first established and corrected for age and sex in 494 healthy individuals), congruency of both parameters was found in 59 (77%) @entity0 with an unexplained discrepancy between @entity4 and @entity2 in the remaining in 16 (23%) @entity0 . Our results confirm that concentrations of @entity2 must be corrected for sex and age, whereas @entity1 -suppressed concentrations of @entity4 depend on age and BMI. "Across-the-board" cut-off-values are clearly inadequate and should not be used. Rather, serum @entity4 measurements obtained during an OGTT must be interpreted individually by comparison to control values taking into account both age and BMI.

title: Use of the oral XXXX tolerance test to define remission in @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: An oral @entity1 tolerance test (OGTT) was used to assess @entity4 ( @entity4 ) secretion in @entity0 with @entity3 prior to (n = 26) and after (n = 71) transsphenoidal adenomectomy as well as in 196 controls. In controls, suppressed concentrations of @entity4 showed a negative relationship both with body mass index (BMI) and with age. Having calculated the reference intervals for suppressed @entity4 concentrations to be expected for any given age and BMI, we compared these individually predicted ranges to @entity4 concentrations actually observed in @entity0 with @entity3 during OGTT. Preoperatively, concentrations exceeded the normal range in all @entity0 . Postoperatively, @entity1 -suppressed concentrations of @entity4 were less than 2.0 ng/mL in 56 (79%) @entity0 and less than 1.0 ng/mL in 44 (62%). However, only 37 of 71 (52%) @entity0 had @entity1 -suppressed @entity4 concentrations within the calculated reference intervals (defined by the 95th percentile of normal). Comparing these data with the @entity0 's concentrations of @entity2 ( @entity2 ; normal range first established and corrected for age and sex in 494 healthy individuals), congruency of both parameters was found in 59 (77%) @entity0 with an unexplained discrepancy between @entity4 and @entity2 in the remaining in 16 (23%) @entity0 . Our results confirm that concentrations of @entity2 must be corrected for sex and age, whereas @entity1 -suppressed concentrations of @entity4 depend on age and BMI. "Across-the-board" cut-off-values are clearly inadequate and should not be used. Rather, serum @entity4 measurements obtained during an OGTT must be interpreted individually by comparison to control values taking into account both age and BMI.

title: Use of the oral @entity1 tolerance test to define remission in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 from St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is a photosensitizing agent that may cause a severe @entity3 when higher amounts of St John's wort are ingested by animals. Although Hypericum extracts are widely used in the treatment of @entity1 , only a little information on the photosensitizing capacity of St John's wort in @entity0 is available. In the present prospective randomized study we investigated the effect of the Hypericum extract @entity5 on skin sensitivity to ultraviolet B (UVB), ultraviolet A (UVA), visible light (VIS) and solar simulated radiation (SIM). Seventy two volunteers of skin types II and III were included and were divided into six groups, each consisting of 12 volunteers. In the single-dose study the volunteers (n = 48) received 6 or 12 coated tablets (5400 or 10 800 microgram hypericin). In the steady-state study the volunteers (n = 24) received an initial dose of 6 tablets (5400 microgram hypericin), and subsequently 3 x 1 tablets (2700 microgram hypericin) per day for 7 days. Phototesting was performed on the volar forearms prior to medication and 6 h after the last administration of Hypericum extract. The erythema-index and melanin-index were evaluated photometrically using a mexameter. After both single-dose and steady-state administration, no significant influence on the erythema-index or melanin-index could be detected, with the exception of a marginal influence on UVB induced @entity2 (p = 0.0471) in the single-dose study. The results do not provide evidence for a phototoxic potential of the Hypericum extract @entity5 in @entity0 when administered orally in typical clinical doses up to 1800 mg daily. This is in accordance with previous pharmacokinetic studies that found hypericin serum and skin levels after oral ingestion of Hypericum extract always to be lower than the assumed phototoxic hypericin threshold level of 1000 ng/mL.

title: Effect of oral administration ofHypericum perforatum extract (St. John's Wort) on skin erythema and XXXX induced by UVB, UVA, visible light and solar simulated radiation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Patch-clamp recording methods have been used to compare the pharmacological properties and single-channel characteristics of non- @entity2 receptor channels in cerebellar type-2 astrocytes and granule cells. 2. In type-2 astrocytes whole-cell concentration-response curves for @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity0 and @entity4 gave EC50 values of 5.8, 3.8, 7.6 and 160 microM and Hill slopes of 1.65, 1.18, 1.64 and 1.65, respectively, resembling estimates for granule cell receptors. 3. The non- @entity2 receptor antagonists CNQX and @entity6 (see Methods) inhibited whole-cell @entity4 currents in both cell types. The IC50 for CNQX antagonism of the @entity4 response was 536 nM in type-2 astrocytes, and 500 nM in granule cells. The IC50 for @entity6 was 3.5 microM in astrocytes and 3.7 microM in granule cells. 4. CNQX acted as a competitive antagonist of whole-cell @entity4 responses in type-2 astrocytes and granule cells giving Schild plots with a slope near 1. The equilibrium constant, K, for CNQX binding was 524 nM in astrocytes and 489 nM in granule cells. 5. @entity5 and @entity0 responses showed rapid desensitization in type-2 astrocytes with a ratio of steady-state to peak response of 0.09. Concanavalin A reduced this desensitization. 6. Non- @entity2 channels in type-2 astrocytes and granule cells showed a low permeability to @entity1 ions with a reversal potential, for @entity4 -activated whole-cell currents in isotonic @entity1 , of approximately -25 mV for astrocytes and -45 mV for granule cells. 7. Outside-out patches from type-2 astrocytes exhibited a range of single-channel conductances that were superficially similar to the @entity3 -activated conductances in granule cells. However, the type-2 astrocytes were devoid of @entity2 receptors, hence all of these conductances originated from non- @entity2 channels. Their slope conductances were approximately 11, 21, 32, 42 and 52 pS. Amplitudes were verified with mean low-variance plots and single-channel current-voltage curves, which were linear. 8. There was also evidence of lower conductance @entity4 -activated channels in astrocyte patches. From noise analysis their estimated mean conductance was 1.9 pS, as described for the 'low-conductance' type @entity4 responses in cerebellar neurones. 9. Apparent open times, shut times and burst lengths of @entity0 -activated (3-10 microM) channels were examined in patches from type-2 astrocytes, and kinetic properties of the 40 and 50 pS levels were compared with the lower levels. 10. Our results indicate some marked pharmacological similarities between non- @entity2 receptor channels in type-2 astrocytes and granule cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: A comparison of non- XXXX receptor channels in type-2 astrocytes and granule cells from rat cerebellum.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is resistant to treatment. In a prospective observational study, we evaluated an intensive multidisciplinary treatment focusing on body-related mentalization and acceptance. @entity0 included in the study were 183 (146 @entity0 , 37 @entity0 ) of 311 eligible @entity0 with chronic severe @entity4 , referred consecutively to a specialized tertiary care center between 2002 and 2009. Primary outcome measures were somatic symptoms (SCL-90) and health-related quality of life (EuroQol 5-Dimensional [EQ-5D]). These measures were assessed four times before treatment (on intake, twice during an observation period, at start of treatment) and four times after treatment (during follow-up for 2 years). Multilevel analysis was used to separate effects of time (maturation) and treatment. Results revealed significant improvements in SCL-90 somatic symptoms (d = 0.51), EQ-5D index (d = 0.27), and EQ visual analogue scale (d = 0.56). Significant reductions were also observed in SCL-90 @entity2 , @entity3 , and overall psychopathology as well as in medical consumption associated with @entity1 (Trimbos/iMTA Questionnaire for Costs Associated With @entity1 ). Large interindividual differences were found in treatment outcome. The long-term improvement seen in many @entity0 suggests that intensive multidisciplinary tertiary care treatment is a useful approach to chronic severe @entity4 .

title: Intensive Multidisciplinary Treatment of XXXX : A Prospective Evaluation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction   Impaired perioperative nutritional status has been shown to be an important predictor of surgical morbidity and is the earliest marker of @entity3 . No study, however, has examined serum prealbumin as a surrogate marker of nutritional status in @entity0 undergoing spine surgery. Methods   We performed a retrospective review of all @entity0 who developed a @entity1 wound @entity2 after undergoing spine surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from January 2008 through December 2011. Demographics, preoperative diagnosis, type of surgery, perioperative serum prealbumin level, time to @entity2 , number and type of debridement procedures, and length of hospital stay were recorded. Results   A total of 83 @entity0 had prealbumin levels available at the time of presentation of @entity2 . Mean @entity0 age was 56 years, and 71% were @entity0 . Surgical treatment for the @entity2 required between 1 and 13 debridements, and 21 (25%) of the 83 @entity0 who had instrumentation placed at the time of the initial surgery required removal of their instrumentation. Inpatient hospitalizations were extended by an average of 13 days. Prealbumin levels were below normal in 82 (99%) of the 83 @entity0 ; levels were   <   7 mg/dL in 24 @entity0 , between 7 and 11 mg/dL in 32 @entity0 , and between 11 and 19 mg/dL in 26 @entity0 . Conclusions   All @entity0 except one who developed @entity1 wound @entity2 after spine surgery had serum prealbumin levels in the @entity3 range at the time of presentation. The current study suggests serum prealbumin levels may be an inexpensive screening biomarker for nutritional status and risk stratification for @entity1 after spine surgery.

title: Prealbumin as a Serum Biomarker of Impaired Perioperative Nutritional Status and Risk for XXXX after Spine Surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Many surgical techniques, using different tissues, have been performed to repair the @entity3 in this century, but none of them has been completely effective. The use of autologous buccal mucosa as a free graft for urethral replacement was introduced in 1989. The reported results have been encouraged since then. Twenty three @entity0 with @entity3 , have been treated from 1991 to 1998. These @entity0 underwent a 2-stage surgical replacement. The first stage of the procedure included correction of the penile curvature and advancement of preputial flaps ventrally as described by Byras. The second stage of the procedure was the urethroplasty. The neourethra was made of a tubularized buccal mucosa graft. The mucosa was harvested from the inner surface of the lower lip. The first stage was performed at a mean age of 20 months old, and the second stage at a mean age of 32 months old. @entity4 was detected in 26% of @entity0 . All of them were treated with topic @entity1 before the second stage. The follow-up reflected that 7 out of 23 @entity0 (30.4%) had not complications, while 16 @entity0 (69.5%) developed urethro-cutaneous @entity2 . Six of them (26%) required only one surgical closure and the other 10 @entity0 required more than one surgical procedure to correct several complications. One @entity0 presented complications in both the recipient and the donor areas. Nowadays, cosmetic and functional results are good in 22 @entity0 .

title: [ XXXX . Our experience with free oral mucosa grafts].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the economics of administering @entity3 and @entity4 to post-menopausal @entity0 in Sweden. We focus primarily on the cost-effectiveness of treating older @entity0 for whom clear evidence of efficacy is available. We supplement this information, however, with estimates of the cost-effectiveness of treating certain high-risk groups of younger @entity0 , while acknowledging the greater uncertainty involved. METHODS: We developed a Markov model for analyzing the occurrence and timing of @entity2 , based almost entirely on peer-reviewed data from Sweden. In a 3-year randomized clinical trial, the combination of @entity3 and @entity4 was shown to reduce the risk of @entity2 by 27%. Costs for treating @entity2 were based on 1,080 @entity0 who were hospitalized in Stockholm. RESULTS: Treatment of 70-year-old @entity0 was cost saving at efficacy as low as two-thirds that seen in the clinical trials, and upwards. Even at modest rates of efficacy, treatment of the high-risk 50- and 60-year-old cohorts was generally cost-effective and in some cases even cost saving. Particularly cost-effective was treatment of @entity0 with identified @entity1 or a maternal family history of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Simulation results suggest a role for lifetime treatment of older @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity4 in Sweden. While there is more uncertainty underlying the treatment of younger @entity0 , our simulation results suggest that treatment may also be cost saving or at least cost-effective for many cohorts of high-risk 50- and particularly 60-year-old @entity0 , in particular those with @entity1 or a maternal family history of @entity2 .

title: The health economics of @entity3 and XXXX for the prevention of @entity2 in Sweden.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the economics of administering @entity3 and @entity4 to post-menopausal @entity0 in Sweden. We focus primarily on the cost-effectiveness of treating older @entity0 for whom clear evidence of efficacy is available. We supplement this information, however, with estimates of the cost-effectiveness of treating certain high-risk groups of younger @entity0 , while acknowledging the greater uncertainty involved. METHODS: We developed a Markov model for analyzing the occurrence and timing of @entity2 , based almost entirely on peer-reviewed data from Sweden. In a 3-year randomized clinical trial, the combination of @entity3 and @entity4 was shown to reduce the risk of @entity2 by 27%. Costs for treating @entity2 were based on 1,080 @entity0 who were hospitalized in Stockholm. RESULTS: Treatment of 70-year-old @entity0 was cost saving at efficacy as low as two-thirds that seen in the clinical trials, and upwards. Even at modest rates of efficacy, treatment of the high-risk 50- and 60-year-old cohorts was generally cost-effective and in some cases even cost saving. Particularly cost-effective was treatment of @entity0 with identified @entity1 or a maternal family history of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Simulation results suggest a role for lifetime treatment of older @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity4 in Sweden. While there is more uncertainty underlying the treatment of younger @entity0 , our simulation results suggest that treatment may also be cost saving or at least cost-effective for many cohorts of high-risk 50- and particularly 60-year-old @entity0 , in particular those with @entity1 or a maternal family history of @entity2 .

title: The health economics of XXXX and @entity4 for the prevention of @entity2 in Sweden.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the economics of administering @entity3 and @entity4 to post-menopausal @entity0 in Sweden. We focus primarily on the cost-effectiveness of treating older @entity0 for whom clear evidence of efficacy is available. We supplement this information, however, with estimates of the cost-effectiveness of treating certain high-risk groups of younger @entity0 , while acknowledging the greater uncertainty involved. METHODS: We developed a Markov model for analyzing the occurrence and timing of @entity2 , based almost entirely on peer-reviewed data from Sweden. In a 3-year randomized clinical trial, the combination of @entity3 and @entity4 was shown to reduce the risk of @entity2 by 27%. Costs for treating @entity2 were based on 1,080 @entity0 who were hospitalized in Stockholm. RESULTS: Treatment of 70-year-old @entity0 was cost saving at efficacy as low as two-thirds that seen in the clinical trials, and upwards. Even at modest rates of efficacy, treatment of the high-risk 50- and 60-year-old cohorts was generally cost-effective and in some cases even cost saving. Particularly cost-effective was treatment of @entity0 with identified @entity1 or a maternal family history of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Simulation results suggest a role for lifetime treatment of older @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity4 in Sweden. While there is more uncertainty underlying the treatment of younger @entity0 , our simulation results suggest that treatment may also be cost saving or at least cost-effective for many cohorts of high-risk 50- and particularly 60-year-old @entity0 , in particular those with @entity1 or a maternal family history of @entity2 .

title: The health economics of @entity3 and @entity4 for the prevention of XXXX in Sweden.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 are often debilitating conditions for the @entity0 with advanced @entity2 . Traditionally, treatment has been repeated thoracentesis or tube thoracostomy with instillation of sclerosing agents. However, this required the @entity0 to be hospitalized and to have @entity1 and inconveniences of the chest tubes. The drainage also had to be low enough for sclerotherapy to be effective. In 1982, the pleuroperitoneal shunt became a feasible alternative to sclerotherapy. We began using the Denver pleuroperitoneal shunt in July 1991. Twenty shunts were inserted into 19 @entity0 during a two year period ending June 30, 1993. All @entity0 but one were relieved of @entity3 . The mean duration of patency was 26 months and fewer than 25 percent of the shunts clotted before the death of the @entity0 . Our favorable experience with the shunt has resulted in us recommending the Denver pleuroperitoneal shunt for treatment of recurrent @entity4 and selectively as primary treatment.

title: Management of XXXX with pleuroperitoneal shunting.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is a chronic and serious disease calling for consistent lifelong therapy. The @entity0 's compliance requires that he/she be well informed about the disease. The purpose of the present study was to determine the level of knowledge about @entity1 , and compare young @entity0 with older ones as well as @entity1 @entity0 with nonglaucoma ones. METHODS: A total of 1110 questionnaires were distributed to @entity0 and their relatives at the outpatient eye clinic of Hietzing Hospital ( @entity2 ), of which 1041 were returned. The questionnaire comprised 18 questions. @entity0 were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of those aged 18-60 years, while group 2 consisted of those older than 61 years. RESULTS: In total, 941 questionnaires were evaluated; 72.8   % of the respondents were older than 60 years, and one-half of the respondents had @entity1 (51   %). The majority of @entity0 had "moderate knowledge" of the disease (41.87   %), followed by "poor knowledge" (32.52   %). @entity1 @entity0 had considerably better knowledge of the disease (p   <   0.01) than did nonglaucoma @entity0 . Younger @entity0 were significantly better informed than older ones (p   <   0.01). Nonglaucoma @entity0 with a positive diagnosis of @entity1 among their circle of friends or family were significantly better informed (p   <   0.01) than those without such @entity0 in their circle of friends. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity1 are much better informed about the disease than nonglaucoma @entity0 , but the general level of knowledge is very low. Notably, younger @entity0 were better informed than older ones. The present study, comprising a large number of @entity0 , revealed poor knowledge of @entity1 among @entity0 with the disease and especially among nonglaucoma @entity0 in @entity2 .

title: Level of knowledge about XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is a chronic and serious disease calling for consistent lifelong therapy. The @entity0 's compliance requires that he/she be well informed about the disease. The purpose of the present study was to determine the level of knowledge about @entity1 , and compare young @entity0 with older ones as well as @entity1 @entity0 with nonglaucoma ones. METHODS: A total of 1110 questionnaires were distributed to @entity0 and their relatives at the outpatient eye clinic of Hietzing Hospital ( @entity2 ), of which 1041 were returned. The questionnaire comprised 18 questions. @entity0 were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of those aged 18-60 years, while group 2 consisted of those older than 61 years. RESULTS: In total, 941 questionnaires were evaluated; 72.8   % of the respondents were older than 60 years, and one-half of the respondents had @entity1 (51   %). The majority of @entity0 had "moderate knowledge" of the disease (41.87   %), followed by "poor knowledge" (32.52   %). @entity1 @entity0 had considerably better knowledge of the disease (p   <   0.01) than did nonglaucoma @entity0 . Younger @entity0 were significantly better informed than older ones (p   <   0.01). Nonglaucoma @entity0 with a positive diagnosis of @entity1 among their circle of friends or family were significantly better informed (p   <   0.01) than those without such @entity0 in their circle of friends. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity1 are much better informed about the disease than nonglaucoma @entity0 , but the general level of knowledge is very low. Notably, younger @entity0 were better informed than older ones. The present study, comprising a large number of @entity0 , revealed poor knowledge of @entity1 among @entity0 with the disease and especially among nonglaucoma @entity0 in @entity2 .

title: Level of knowledge about @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Our primary objective was to investigate a biomarker driven model for the interrelationships between @entity3 pathology, amyloid pathology, and @entity2 in cognitively normal elderly subjects between 70 and 90 years of age. Our secondary objective was to investigate the beneficial effect of cognitive reserve on these interrelationships. We used brain amyloid-b load measured using Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography as a marker for amyloid pathology. @entity1 and @entity4 were measured using fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging as a marker for vascular pathology. We studied 393 cognitively normal elderly @entity0 in the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging who had a baseline 3 T fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging assessment, Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography scan, baseline cognitive assessment, lifestyle measures, and at least one additional clinical follow-up. We classified subjects as being on the amyloid pathway if they had a global cortical amyloid-b load of >= 1.5 standard uptake value ratio and those on the vascular pathway if they had a @entity1 load >= 1.11% of total intracranial volume (which corresponds to the top 25% of @entity1 in an independent non-demented sample). We used a global cognitive z-score as a measure of cognition. We found no evidence that the presence or absence of vascular pathology influenced the presence or absence of amyloid pathology and vice versa, suggesting that the two processes seem to be independent. Baseline cognitive performance was lower in older individuals, in males, those with lower education/occupation, and those on the amyloid pathway. The rate of @entity2 was higher in older individuals (P < 0.001) and those with amyloid (P = 0.0003) or vascular (P = 0.0037) pathologies. In those subjects with both vascular and amyloid pathologies, the effect of both pathologies on cognition was additive and not synergistic. For a 79-year-old subject, the predicted annual rate of global z-score decline was -0.02 if on neither pathway, -0.07 if on the vascular pathway, -0.08 if on the amyloid pathway and -0.13 if on both pathways. The main conclusions of this study were: (i) amyloid and vascular pathologies seem to be at least partly independent processes that both affect longitudinal cognitive trajectories adversely and are major drivers of @entity2 in the elderly; and (ii) cognitive reserve seems to offset the deleterious effect of both pathologies on the cognitive trajectories.

title: Vascular and amyloid pathologies are independent predictors of XXXX in normal elderly.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: WW domain containing oxidoreductase, designated @entity7 , FOR or @entity7 , is a known pro-apoptotic factor when ectopically expressed in various types of @entity1 cells, including @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The activation of sonic hedgehog ( @entity4 ) signaling, especially paracrine @entity4 secretion in response to radiation, is associated with impairing the effective irradiation of @entity1 cells. Here, we examined the role of @entity4 signaling and @entity7 overexpression in the radiosensitivity of @entity0 @entity2 cells. Our results showed that ionizing irradiation (IR) increased the cytoplasmic @entity4 and nuclear @entity6 content in @entity2 U373MG and U87MG cells. @entity2 cells with exogenous @entity4 treatment exhibited similar results. Pretreatment with @entity4 peptides protected U373MG and U87MG cells against IR in a dose-dependent manner. Cyclopamine, a Hedgehog/Smoothened (SMO) inhibitor, reversed the protective effect of @entity4 in U87MG cells. Cyclopamine increased @entity4 plus IR-induced @entity5 , a marker of DNA double-strand breaks, in these cells. To verify the role of @entity4 signaling in the radiosensitivity of @entity2 cells, we tested the effect of the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) inhibitor zerumbone and found that it could sensitize @entity2 cells to IR. We next examined the role of @entity7 in radiosensitivity. Overexpression of @entity7 enhanced the radiosensitivity of U87MG (possessing wild type @entity3 or WTp53) but not U373MG (harboring mutant @entity3 or MTp53) cells. Pretreatment with @entity4 peptides protected both @entity7 -overexpressed U373MG and U87MG cells against IR and increased the cytoplasmic @entity4 and nuclear @entity6 content. Zerumbone enhanced the radiosensitivity of @entity7 -overexpressed U373MG and U87MG cells. In conclusion, overexpression of @entity7 preferentially sensitized @entity0 @entity2 cells possessing wild type @entity3 to radiation therapy. Blocking of @entity4 signaling may enhance radiosensitivity independently of the expression of @entity3 and @entity7 . The crosstalk between @entity4 signaling and @entity7 expression in @entity0 @entity2 warrants further investigation.

title: Modulation of Sonic hedgehog signaling and WW domain containing oxidoreductase XXXX expression enhances radiosensitivity of @entity0 @entity2 cells.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: WW domain containing oxidoreductase, designated @entity7 , FOR or @entity7 , is a known pro-apoptotic factor when ectopically expressed in various types of @entity1 cells, including @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The activation of sonic hedgehog ( @entity4 ) signaling, especially paracrine @entity4 secretion in response to radiation, is associated with impairing the effective irradiation of @entity1 cells. Here, we examined the role of @entity4 signaling and @entity7 overexpression in the radiosensitivity of @entity0 @entity2 cells. Our results showed that ionizing irradiation (IR) increased the cytoplasmic @entity4 and nuclear @entity6 content in @entity2 U373MG and U87MG cells. @entity2 cells with exogenous @entity4 treatment exhibited similar results. Pretreatment with @entity4 peptides protected U373MG and U87MG cells against IR in a dose-dependent manner. Cyclopamine, a Hedgehog/Smoothened (SMO) inhibitor, reversed the protective effect of @entity4 in U87MG cells. Cyclopamine increased @entity4 plus IR-induced @entity5 , a marker of DNA double-strand breaks, in these cells. To verify the role of @entity4 signaling in the radiosensitivity of @entity2 cells, we tested the effect of the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) inhibitor zerumbone and found that it could sensitize @entity2 cells to IR. We next examined the role of @entity7 in radiosensitivity. Overexpression of @entity7 enhanced the radiosensitivity of U87MG (possessing wild type @entity3 or WTp53) but not U373MG (harboring mutant @entity3 or MTp53) cells. Pretreatment with @entity4 peptides protected both @entity7 -overexpressed U373MG and U87MG cells against IR and increased the cytoplasmic @entity4 and nuclear @entity6 content. Zerumbone enhanced the radiosensitivity of @entity7 -overexpressed U373MG and U87MG cells. In conclusion, overexpression of @entity7 preferentially sensitized @entity0 @entity2 cells possessing wild type @entity3 to radiation therapy. Blocking of @entity4 signaling may enhance radiosensitivity independently of the expression of @entity3 and @entity7 . The crosstalk between @entity4 signaling and @entity7 expression in @entity0 @entity2 warrants further investigation.

title: Modulation of Sonic hedgehog signaling and WW domain containing oxidoreductase @entity7 expression enhances radiosensitivity of @entity0 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: WW domain containing oxidoreductase, designated @entity7 , FOR or @entity7 , is a known pro-apoptotic factor when ectopically expressed in various types of @entity1 cells, including @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The activation of sonic hedgehog ( @entity4 ) signaling, especially paracrine @entity4 secretion in response to radiation, is associated with impairing the effective irradiation of @entity1 cells. Here, we examined the role of @entity4 signaling and @entity7 overexpression in the radiosensitivity of @entity0 @entity2 cells. Our results showed that ionizing irradiation (IR) increased the cytoplasmic @entity4 and nuclear @entity6 content in @entity2 U373MG and U87MG cells. @entity2 cells with exogenous @entity4 treatment exhibited similar results. Pretreatment with @entity4 peptides protected U373MG and U87MG cells against IR in a dose-dependent manner. Cyclopamine, a Hedgehog/Smoothened (SMO) inhibitor, reversed the protective effect of @entity4 in U87MG cells. Cyclopamine increased @entity4 plus IR-induced @entity5 , a marker of DNA double-strand breaks, in these cells. To verify the role of @entity4 signaling in the radiosensitivity of @entity2 cells, we tested the effect of the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) inhibitor zerumbone and found that it could sensitize @entity2 cells to IR. We next examined the role of @entity7 in radiosensitivity. Overexpression of @entity7 enhanced the radiosensitivity of U87MG (possessing wild type @entity3 or WTp53) but not U373MG (harboring mutant @entity3 or MTp53) cells. Pretreatment with @entity4 peptides protected both @entity7 -overexpressed U373MG and U87MG cells against IR and increased the cytoplasmic @entity4 and nuclear @entity6 content. Zerumbone enhanced the radiosensitivity of @entity7 -overexpressed U373MG and U87MG cells. In conclusion, overexpression of @entity7 preferentially sensitized @entity0 @entity2 cells possessing wild type @entity3 to radiation therapy. Blocking of @entity4 signaling may enhance radiosensitivity independently of the expression of @entity3 and @entity7 . The crosstalk between @entity4 signaling and @entity7 expression in @entity0 @entity2 warrants further investigation.

title: Modulation of Sonic hedgehog signaling and WW domain containing oxidoreductase @entity7 expression enhances radiosensitivity of XXXX @entity2 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Opioid ligands may exert antinociception through receptors expressed on peripheral afferent axons. Whether local opioid receptors might attenuate @entity0 is uncertain. In this work, we examined the function and expression of local mu opioid receptors (MORs) associated with the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) model of sciatic @entity0 in @entity1 . Low-dose @entity2 or its carrier were percutaneously superfused over the @entity7 site with the injector blinded to the identity of the injectate. @entity2 , but not its carrier, and not equimolar systemic doses of @entity2 reversed thermal @entity5 in a dose-related, @entity4 -sensitive fashion. Moreover, @entity3 was conferred at both 48 hours and 14 days after @entity7 , times associated with very different stages of nerve repair. Equimolar local DAGO ([D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-(ol)] @entity8 ), a selective MOR ligand, provided similar @entity3 . Local @entity2 also attenuated mechanical @entity5 . MOR protein was expressed in axonal endbulbs of Cajal just proximal to the injury site, in aberrantly regenerating small axons in the @entity6 around the @entity7 site and in residual small axons distal to the @entity7 lesion. Sensory neurons ipsilateral to @entity7 had an increase in the proportion of neurons expressing MOR. We suggest that local MOR expressed in axons may be exploited to modulate some forms of @entity0 .

title: Mu opioid receptors and XXXX at the site of a peripheral nerve injury.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The full-length infectious cDNA clone was constructed and sequenced from the strain @entity3 of echovirus 9, which was recently isolated from a 6-week-old @entity0 at the clinical onset of type 1 @entity1 . Parallel with the @entity3 , the full-length infectious cDNA clone of the prototype strain echovirus 9 Barty (Barty-INF), was constructed and sequenced. Genetic relationships of the sequenced echo 9 viruses to the other members of the @entity0 enterovirus type B species were studied by phylogenetic analyses. Comparison of capsid protein sequences showed that the @entity3 was closely related to both prototype strains: Hill and Barty-INF. The only exception was the inner capsid protein VP4 where serotype specificity was not evident and the @entity3 clustered with the strain Hill and the strain Barty-INF with echovirus 30 Bastianni. Likewise, the nonstructural protein coding region, P2P3, of @entity3 was more similar to strain Hill than to strain Barty-INF. However, like echovirus 9 Barty, the @entity3 contained the RGD-motif in the @entity2 terminus of capsid protein VP1. By blocking experiments using an RGD-containing peptide and a polyclonal rabbit antiserum to the alpha(v)beta(3)-integrin, it was shown that this molecule works as a cellular receptor for @entity3 . By using primary @entity0 islets, it was shown that the @entity3 is capable of infecting insulin-producing beta-cells like the corresponding prototype strains did. However, only @entity3 was clearly cytolytic for beta-cells. The infectious clones that were made allow further investigations of the molecular features responsible for the diabetogenicity of the @entity3 .

title: Molecular and biological analysis of echovirus 9 strain isolated from a XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The full-length infectious cDNA clone was constructed and sequenced from the strain @entity3 of echovirus 9, which was recently isolated from a 6-week-old @entity0 at the clinical onset of type 1 @entity1 . Parallel with the @entity3 , the full-length infectious cDNA clone of the prototype strain echovirus 9 Barty (Barty-INF), was constructed and sequenced. Genetic relationships of the sequenced echo 9 viruses to the other members of the @entity0 enterovirus type B species were studied by phylogenetic analyses. Comparison of capsid protein sequences showed that the @entity3 was closely related to both prototype strains: Hill and Barty-INF. The only exception was the inner capsid protein VP4 where serotype specificity was not evident and the @entity3 clustered with the strain Hill and the strain Barty-INF with echovirus 30 Bastianni. Likewise, the nonstructural protein coding region, P2P3, of @entity3 was more similar to strain Hill than to strain Barty-INF. However, like echovirus 9 Barty, the @entity3 contained the RGD-motif in the @entity2 terminus of capsid protein VP1. By blocking experiments using an RGD-containing peptide and a polyclonal rabbit antiserum to the alpha(v)beta(3)-integrin, it was shown that this molecule works as a cellular receptor for @entity3 . By using primary @entity0 islets, it was shown that the @entity3 is capable of infecting insulin-producing beta-cells like the corresponding prototype strains did. However, only @entity3 was clearly cytolytic for beta-cells. The infectious clones that were made allow further investigations of the molecular features responsible for the diabetogenicity of the @entity3 .

title: Molecular and biological analysis of echovirus 9 strain isolated from a @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 deprivation using aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is currently the standard of care for postmenopausal @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive @entity0 . Unfortunately, the majority of @entity1 treated with AIs eventually develop resistance, inevitably resulting in @entity1 relapse and, ultimately, @entity5 . The mechanism by which resistance occurs is still not completely known, however, recent studies suggest that impaired/defective interferon signaling might play a role. In the present study, we assessed the functional role of @entity11 and @entity14 ; two well-known interferon response genes in AI resistance. METHODS: Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of @entity11 , @entity14 , @entity10 , @entity12 , and @entity13 in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C @entity0 cells and AI-sensitive MCF-7 and T47D cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on tissue microarrays consisting of normal breast tissues, primary @entity0 , and @entity2 . Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitate intracellular @entity7 level. Neutralizing antibody was used to block type 1 interferon receptor IFNAR1 signaling. Small interference RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown @entity11 , @entity14 , @entity10 , @entity12 , @entity13 , and @entity7 expression. RESULTS: We found that @entity11 and @entity14 were constitutively overexpressed in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C @entity0 and that siRNA knockdown of @entity11 significantly inhibited the ability of the resistant cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade. Interestingly, suppression of @entity11 significantly enhanced @entity3 -induced cell @entity5 in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells and markedly increased expression of @entity9 , @entity6 , and @entity8 in these cells. Significantly elevated level of @entity7 was detected in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells compared to parental MCF-7 cells and suppression of @entity7 dramatically reduced @entity11 , @entity14 , p- @entity10 , and p- @entity12 expression in the resistant cells. Lastly, neutralizing antibody against @entity15 and knockdown of @entity10 / @entity12 completely suppressed @entity11 , @entity14 , p- @entity10 , and p- @entity12 expression in the resistant cells, thus confirming the involvement of the canonical @entity7 signaling pathway in driving the overexpression of @entity11 and other interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the resistant cells. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results demonstrate that constitutive overexpression of ISGs enhances the progression of @entity0 and that suppression of @entity11 and other ISGs sensitizes AI-resistant cells to @entity4 -induced cell @entity5 .

title: Targeting interferon response genes sensitizes aromatase inhibitor resistant @entity0 cells to @entity4 -induced cell XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 deprivation using aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is currently the standard of care for postmenopausal @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive @entity0 . Unfortunately, the majority of @entity1 treated with AIs eventually develop resistance, inevitably resulting in @entity1 relapse and, ultimately, @entity5 . The mechanism by which resistance occurs is still not completely known, however, recent studies suggest that impaired/defective interferon signaling might play a role. In the present study, we assessed the functional role of @entity11 and @entity14 ; two well-known interferon response genes in AI resistance. METHODS: Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of @entity11 , @entity14 , @entity10 , @entity12 , and @entity13 in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C @entity0 cells and AI-sensitive MCF-7 and T47D cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on tissue microarrays consisting of normal breast tissues, primary @entity0 , and @entity2 . Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitate intracellular @entity7 level. Neutralizing antibody was used to block type 1 interferon receptor IFNAR1 signaling. Small interference RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown @entity11 , @entity14 , @entity10 , @entity12 , @entity13 , and @entity7 expression. RESULTS: We found that @entity11 and @entity14 were constitutively overexpressed in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C @entity0 and that siRNA knockdown of @entity11 significantly inhibited the ability of the resistant cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade. Interestingly, suppression of @entity11 significantly enhanced @entity3 -induced cell @entity5 in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells and markedly increased expression of @entity9 , @entity6 , and @entity8 in these cells. Significantly elevated level of @entity7 was detected in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells compared to parental MCF-7 cells and suppression of @entity7 dramatically reduced @entity11 , @entity14 , p- @entity10 , and p- @entity12 expression in the resistant cells. Lastly, neutralizing antibody against @entity15 and knockdown of @entity10 / @entity12 completely suppressed @entity11 , @entity14 , p- @entity10 , and p- @entity12 expression in the resistant cells, thus confirming the involvement of the canonical @entity7 signaling pathway in driving the overexpression of @entity11 and other interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the resistant cells. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results demonstrate that constitutive overexpression of ISGs enhances the progression of @entity0 and that suppression of @entity11 and other ISGs sensitizes AI-resistant cells to @entity4 -induced cell @entity5 .

title: Targeting interferon response genes sensitizes aromatase inhibitor resistant @entity0 cells to XXXX -induced cell @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 deprivation using aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is currently the standard of care for postmenopausal @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive @entity0 . Unfortunately, the majority of @entity1 treated with AIs eventually develop resistance, inevitably resulting in @entity1 relapse and, ultimately, @entity5 . The mechanism by which resistance occurs is still not completely known, however, recent studies suggest that impaired/defective interferon signaling might play a role. In the present study, we assessed the functional role of @entity11 and @entity14 ; two well-known interferon response genes in AI resistance. METHODS: Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of @entity11 , @entity14 , @entity10 , @entity12 , and @entity13 in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C @entity0 cells and AI-sensitive MCF-7 and T47D cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on tissue microarrays consisting of normal breast tissues, primary @entity0 , and @entity2 . Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitate intracellular @entity7 level. Neutralizing antibody was used to block type 1 interferon receptor IFNAR1 signaling. Small interference RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown @entity11 , @entity14 , @entity10 , @entity12 , @entity13 , and @entity7 expression. RESULTS: We found that @entity11 and @entity14 were constitutively overexpressed in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C @entity0 and that siRNA knockdown of @entity11 significantly inhibited the ability of the resistant cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade. Interestingly, suppression of @entity11 significantly enhanced @entity3 -induced cell @entity5 in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells and markedly increased expression of @entity9 , @entity6 , and @entity8 in these cells. Significantly elevated level of @entity7 was detected in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells compared to parental MCF-7 cells and suppression of @entity7 dramatically reduced @entity11 , @entity14 , p- @entity10 , and p- @entity12 expression in the resistant cells. Lastly, neutralizing antibody against @entity15 and knockdown of @entity10 / @entity12 completely suppressed @entity11 , @entity14 , p- @entity10 , and p- @entity12 expression in the resistant cells, thus confirming the involvement of the canonical @entity7 signaling pathway in driving the overexpression of @entity11 and other interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the resistant cells. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results demonstrate that constitutive overexpression of ISGs enhances the progression of @entity0 and that suppression of @entity11 and other ISGs sensitizes AI-resistant cells to @entity4 -induced cell @entity5 .

title: Targeting interferon response genes sensitizes aromatase inhibitor resistant XXXX cells to @entity4 -induced cell @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence of potential benefits of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the rehabilitation of @entity2 . However, the site and frequency of stimulation for optimal effects are not clear. AIMS: The aim of this pilot study is to investigate the short-term effects of high-frequency 5 Hz rTMS applied to the tongue region of the motor cortex on swallowing functions and the quality of life of post- @entity1 individuals with @entity2 . METHODS _ PROCEDURES: Two male and two female @entity0 were assigned randomly to active and sham groups. The @entity0 in the active group received 10 sessions of active rTMS for 2 weeks, whereas the sham @entity0 received 10 sessions of sham rTMS for 2 weeks. Each @entity0 received a total of 3000 pulses of 5 Hz active or sham rTMS per day for 10 days. Outcome measures were taken at baseline, 1 week and 1 month post-rTMS. OUTCOMES _ RESULTS: @entity0 who received active rTMS had improved swallowing functions and swallowing-related quality of life at 1 week and 1 month post-stimulation. CONCLUSIONS _ IMPLICATIONS: The study showed that excitatory rTMS applied over the tongue motor cortex is a feasible approach in individuals with @entity1 . Further investigation with larger sample population is warranted to support the benefit of this stimulation protocol.

title: Preliminary evidence of the effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on swallowing functions in post- XXXX individuals with chronic @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence of potential benefits of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the rehabilitation of @entity2 . However, the site and frequency of stimulation for optimal effects are not clear. AIMS: The aim of this pilot study is to investigate the short-term effects of high-frequency 5 Hz rTMS applied to the tongue region of the motor cortex on swallowing functions and the quality of life of post- @entity1 individuals with @entity2 . METHODS _ PROCEDURES: Two male and two female @entity0 were assigned randomly to active and sham groups. The @entity0 in the active group received 10 sessions of active rTMS for 2 weeks, whereas the sham @entity0 received 10 sessions of sham rTMS for 2 weeks. Each @entity0 received a total of 3000 pulses of 5 Hz active or sham rTMS per day for 10 days. Outcome measures were taken at baseline, 1 week and 1 month post-rTMS. OUTCOMES _ RESULTS: @entity0 who received active rTMS had improved swallowing functions and swallowing-related quality of life at 1 week and 1 month post-stimulation. CONCLUSIONS _ IMPLICATIONS: The study showed that excitatory rTMS applied over the tongue motor cortex is a feasible approach in individuals with @entity1 . Further investigation with larger sample population is warranted to support the benefit of this stimulation protocol.

title: Preliminary evidence of the effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on swallowing functions in post- @entity1 individuals with chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A growing body of evidence has indicated that @entity3 ( @entity3 ) inhibitors have antihypertensive effects. Here, we aim to examine the effect of vildagliptin, a @entity3 -specific inhibitor, on blood pressure and its circadian-dipping pattern during the development of salt-dependent @entity1 in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . @entity2 @entity0 were treated with a high-salt diet (8% NaCl) plus vehicle or vildagliptin (3 or 10   mg   kg(-1) twice daily by oral gavage) for 7 days. Blood pressure was measured by the telemetry system. High-salt diet for 7 days significantly increased the mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and were also associated with an extreme dipping pattern of blood pressure in @entity2 @entity0 . Treatment with vildagliptin dose-dependently decreased plasma @entity3 activity, increased plasma @entity4 ( @entity4 ) levels and attenuated the development of salt-induced @entity1 . Furthermore, vildagliptin significantly increased urine sodium excretion and normalized the dipping pattern of blood pressure. In contrast, intracerebroventricular infusion of vildagliptin (50, 500 or 2500    g) did not alter MAP and heart rate in @entity2 @entity0 . These data suggest that salt-dependent @entity1 initially develops with an extreme blood pressure dipping pattern. The @entity3 inhibitor, vildagliptin, may elicit beneficial antihypertensive effects, including the improvement of abnormal circadian blood pressure pattern, by enhancing urinary sodium excretion. @entity1 Research advance online publication, 15 January 2015; doi:10.1038/hr.2014.173.

title: Effect of XXXX inhibition on circadian blood pressure during the development of salt-dependent @entity1 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A growing body of evidence has indicated that @entity3 ( @entity3 ) inhibitors have antihypertensive effects. Here, we aim to examine the effect of vildagliptin, a @entity3 -specific inhibitor, on blood pressure and its circadian-dipping pattern during the development of salt-dependent @entity1 in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . @entity2 @entity0 were treated with a high-salt diet (8% NaCl) plus vehicle or vildagliptin (3 or 10   mg   kg(-1) twice daily by oral gavage) for 7 days. Blood pressure was measured by the telemetry system. High-salt diet for 7 days significantly increased the mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and were also associated with an extreme dipping pattern of blood pressure in @entity2 @entity0 . Treatment with vildagliptin dose-dependently decreased plasma @entity3 activity, increased plasma @entity4 ( @entity4 ) levels and attenuated the development of salt-induced @entity1 . Furthermore, vildagliptin significantly increased urine sodium excretion and normalized the dipping pattern of blood pressure. In contrast, intracerebroventricular infusion of vildagliptin (50, 500 or 2500    g) did not alter MAP and heart rate in @entity2 @entity0 . These data suggest that salt-dependent @entity1 initially develops with an extreme blood pressure dipping pattern. The @entity3 inhibitor, vildagliptin, may elicit beneficial antihypertensive effects, including the improvement of abnormal circadian blood pressure pattern, by enhancing urinary sodium excretion. @entity1 Research advance online publication, 15 January 2015; doi:10.1038/hr.2014.173.

title: Effect of @entity3 inhibition on circadian blood pressure during the development of salt-dependent XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A growing body of evidence has indicated that @entity3 ( @entity3 ) inhibitors have antihypertensive effects. Here, we aim to examine the effect of vildagliptin, a @entity3 -specific inhibitor, on blood pressure and its circadian-dipping pattern during the development of salt-dependent @entity1 in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . @entity2 @entity0 were treated with a high-salt diet (8% NaCl) plus vehicle or vildagliptin (3 or 10   mg   kg(-1) twice daily by oral gavage) for 7 days. Blood pressure was measured by the telemetry system. High-salt diet for 7 days significantly increased the mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and were also associated with an extreme dipping pattern of blood pressure in @entity2 @entity0 . Treatment with vildagliptin dose-dependently decreased plasma @entity3 activity, increased plasma @entity4 ( @entity4 ) levels and attenuated the development of salt-induced @entity1 . Furthermore, vildagliptin significantly increased urine sodium excretion and normalized the dipping pattern of blood pressure. In contrast, intracerebroventricular infusion of vildagliptin (50, 500 or 2500    g) did not alter MAP and heart rate in @entity2 @entity0 . These data suggest that salt-dependent @entity1 initially develops with an extreme blood pressure dipping pattern. The @entity3 inhibitor, vildagliptin, may elicit beneficial antihypertensive effects, including the improvement of abnormal circadian blood pressure pattern, by enhancing urinary sodium excretion. @entity1 Research advance online publication, 15 January 2015; doi:10.1038/hr.2014.173.

title: Effect of @entity3 inhibition on circadian blood pressure during the development of salt-dependent @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hysteroscopy has acquired a central role in the clinical diagnosis of intrauterine pathologies. This study evaluated the feasibility, procedure modality, tolerability, complications and diagnostic accuracy of hysteroscopy in the management of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out on 512 @entity0 (age range: 38-80 years, mean age: 63) with @entity4 who attended our hysteroscopy outpatient service from January 1996 to December 2001. After undergoing transvaginal sonography, the @entity0 were referred for further diagnostic studies. Ambulatory hysteroscopy without premedication was performed using a Hamou hysteroscope and physiological solution or @entity3 as distension medium. Guided biopsy with a Novak cannula completed the examination. When focal lesions were found, the @entity0 were referred for surgical treatment (hysteroscopic resection, hysterectomy, etc.). Hysteroscopic and histologic findings were then compared. RESULTS: Locoregional or general anaesthesia was required in only 9.3% of cases to complete the examination. Overall, the examination was well tolerated; one case of serious complications ( @entity5 which resolved rapidly) and 18 cases of shoulder @entity2 were recorded. The hysteroscopic picture was normal in 25% of cases, benign pathology was diagnosed in 58.6% and suspected malignant @entity1 in 16.4%. Correlation rates between hysteroscopic and histologic diagnoses are reported for the various hysteroscopic pictures. CONCLUSIONS: Ambulatory hysteroscopy was shown to be a simple, safe, well tolerated and reliable procedure in the diagnosis of @entity4 across all age groups. Its widespread use can drastically reduce the need for conventional curettage, thereby increasing @entity0 satisfaction and lowering costs.

title: [Diagnostic hysteroscopy in XXXX . Five-years' experience].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasingly, clinicians advocate the use of nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem-cell transplants (NM-allo-SCTs, "mini-transplants") to manage @entity2 . They hypothesize that NM-allo-SCT is equally efficacious to standard allo-SCT but produces less regimen-related @entity1 . METHODS: To analyze available evidence on the benefits and harms of "mini-transplants," we identified 23 manuscripts, 1 abstract, and 1 letter that reported the outcome of mini-transplants in @entity2 . RESULTS: Data were compiled on 603 treated @entity0 , with 118 transplants using stem cells from matched unrelated donors. All studies were small prospective case series, and most lacked concurrent or historical controls. Outcomes of interest were not uniformly reported. The studies were heterogeneous and used different @entity0 selection criteria, conditioning regimens, and timing of transplant with respect to disease status. The transplant-related mortality rate was 32%, the relapse rate was 15%, and @entity1 included acute and chronic @entity3 and @entity4 . The aggregate rate of complete remission was 45%. Survival at 1 year or longer ranged from 30% to 60% at 1 to 5 years of follow-up. All studies reported successful chimerism. CONCLUSIONS: Disease-specific studies with longer follow-up are needed to evaluate this potentially promising therapy.

title: Nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Local transrectal @entity1 (LTH) was used to treat 139 @entity0 with @entity6 aged 54-86 if they did not demand urgent surgery. LTH mechanism of action was studied by blood rheology, immunity characteristics, prostatic tissue @entity4 concentrations, morphological alterations after @entity1 followed by TUR and adenomectomy. Clinical evaluation covered dysuria dynamics, uroflowmetry values, quantitation of residual urine and measurement of the prostate. The @entity0 combined @entity3 with @entity7 , acute urine retention, cystostomy @entity2 (43, 22 and 16 @entity0 , respectively). A microwave electromagnetic @entity1 unit "Yakhta-4M" made in Russia (434 MHz, 200 W) heated the prostate to 43-44 degrees C. Two procedures a week of 60 min duration were performed within 3-5 weeks. LTH results in reduced blood viscosity, has no effect on @entity5 , enhances neutrophil phagocytic function inhibiting their metabolic activity without affecting humoral immunity, raises 2-fold @entity4 concentrations in the prostatic tissue compared to blood and urine levels. Histologically, LTH does not alter prostatic parenchyma, but induces structural shifts in the muscular and connective tissue of the stroma producing stabilizing action on acinar epithelium. Clinical picture was characterized by subjective improvement in 72% of those treated, by urination recovery in 70% of the @entity0 . 73% of the latter experienced @entity8 which rid them of the @entity2 without operation. In general, mechanism of LTH action is brought to improvement of microcirculation, enhancement of cellular phagocytosis with a tendency to prostatic tissue sclerosing and stabilization of growth of the glandular tissue.

title: [The mechanism of the action of local transrectal XXXX in treating @entity6 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Local transrectal @entity1 (LTH) was used to treat 139 @entity0 with @entity6 aged 54-86 if they did not demand urgent surgery. LTH mechanism of action was studied by blood rheology, immunity characteristics, prostatic tissue @entity4 concentrations, morphological alterations after @entity1 followed by TUR and adenomectomy. Clinical evaluation covered dysuria dynamics, uroflowmetry values, quantitation of residual urine and measurement of the prostate. The @entity0 combined @entity3 with @entity7 , acute urine retention, cystostomy @entity2 (43, 22 and 16 @entity0 , respectively). A microwave electromagnetic @entity1 unit "Yakhta-4M" made in Russia (434 MHz, 200 W) heated the prostate to 43-44 degrees C. Two procedures a week of 60 min duration were performed within 3-5 weeks. LTH results in reduced blood viscosity, has no effect on @entity5 , enhances neutrophil phagocytic function inhibiting their metabolic activity without affecting humoral immunity, raises 2-fold @entity4 concentrations in the prostatic tissue compared to blood and urine levels. Histologically, LTH does not alter prostatic parenchyma, but induces structural shifts in the muscular and connective tissue of the stroma producing stabilizing action on acinar epithelium. Clinical picture was characterized by subjective improvement in 72% of those treated, by urination recovery in 70% of the @entity0 . 73% of the latter experienced @entity8 which rid them of the @entity2 without operation. In general, mechanism of LTH action is brought to improvement of microcirculation, enhancement of cellular phagocytosis with a tendency to prostatic tissue sclerosing and stabilization of growth of the glandular tissue.

title: [The mechanism of the action of local transrectal @entity1 in treating XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) refers to retarded conditioning to a stimulus as a consequence of its inconsequential pre-exposure, and disrupted @entity9 in the @entity0 is considered to model an @entity1 in @entity3 . Blockade of @entity2 receptor transmission, which produces behavioral effects potentially relevant to @entity3 symptomatology in several animal models, has been reported to spare @entity9 . OBJECTIVES: To show that systemic administration of the non-competitive @entity2 antagonist @entity8 will lead to an abnormally persistent @entity9 which will emerge under conditions that disrupt @entity9 in controls, and that this will be reversed by the atypical neuroleptic @entity4 but not by the typical neuroleptic @entity6 , as found for other @entity2 antagonist-induced models. METHODS: @entity9 was measured in a thirst-motivated conditioned emotional response (CER) procedure by comparing suppression of drinking in response to a tone in @entity0 which previously received 0 (non-pre-exposed) or 40 tone exposures (pre-exposed) followed by two (experiment 1) or five (experiments 2-5) tone - foot @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity8 at doses of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg reduced conditioned suppression while no effect on suppression was seen at the 0.05 mg/kg dose. At the latter dose, intact @entity9 was seen with parameters that produced @entity9 in controls (40 pre-exposures and two conditioning trials). Raising the number of conditioning trials to five disrupted @entity9 in control @entity0 , but @entity8 -treated @entity0 continued to show @entity9 , and this abnormally persistent @entity9 was due to the action of @entity8 in the conditioning stage. @entity8 -induced @entity9 was unaffected by both @entity6 (0.1 mg/kg) and @entity4 (5 mg/kg) administered in conditioning, and was reversed by @entity4 but not by @entity6 administered in pre-exposure. CONCLUSION: @entity8 -induced perseveration of @entity9 is consistent with other reports of perseverative behaviors, suggested to be particularly relevant to negative symptoms of @entity3 , following @entity2 receptor blockade. We suggest that @entity9 may model impaired attentional set shifting associated with negative symptoms of @entity3 . Moreover, the finding that the action of @entity8 on @entity9 and the action of @entity4 are exerted in different stages of the @entity9 procedure suggests that the @entity8 -based @entity9 model may provide a unique screening tool for the identification of novel antipsychotic compounds, whereby the @entity3 -mimicking @entity7 is drug-induced, but the detection of the antipsychotic action is not dependent on the mechanism of action of the pro-psychotic drug.

title: Systemic administration of XXXX produces an abnormally persistent latent inhibition which is reversed by @entity4 but not @entity6 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) refers to retarded conditioning to a stimulus as a consequence of its inconsequential pre-exposure, and disrupted @entity9 in the @entity0 is considered to model an @entity1 in @entity3 . Blockade of @entity2 receptor transmission, which produces behavioral effects potentially relevant to @entity3 symptomatology in several animal models, has been reported to spare @entity9 . OBJECTIVES: To show that systemic administration of the non-competitive @entity2 antagonist @entity8 will lead to an abnormally persistent @entity9 which will emerge under conditions that disrupt @entity9 in controls, and that this will be reversed by the atypical neuroleptic @entity4 but not by the typical neuroleptic @entity6 , as found for other @entity2 antagonist-induced models. METHODS: @entity9 was measured in a thirst-motivated conditioned emotional response (CER) procedure by comparing suppression of drinking in response to a tone in @entity0 which previously received 0 (non-pre-exposed) or 40 tone exposures (pre-exposed) followed by two (experiment 1) or five (experiments 2-5) tone - foot @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity8 at doses of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg reduced conditioned suppression while no effect on suppression was seen at the 0.05 mg/kg dose. At the latter dose, intact @entity9 was seen with parameters that produced @entity9 in controls (40 pre-exposures and two conditioning trials). Raising the number of conditioning trials to five disrupted @entity9 in control @entity0 , but @entity8 -treated @entity0 continued to show @entity9 , and this abnormally persistent @entity9 was due to the action of @entity8 in the conditioning stage. @entity8 -induced @entity9 was unaffected by both @entity6 (0.1 mg/kg) and @entity4 (5 mg/kg) administered in conditioning, and was reversed by @entity4 but not by @entity6 administered in pre-exposure. CONCLUSION: @entity8 -induced perseveration of @entity9 is consistent with other reports of perseverative behaviors, suggested to be particularly relevant to negative symptoms of @entity3 , following @entity2 receptor blockade. We suggest that @entity9 may model impaired attentional set shifting associated with negative symptoms of @entity3 . Moreover, the finding that the action of @entity8 on @entity9 and the action of @entity4 are exerted in different stages of the @entity9 procedure suggests that the @entity8 -based @entity9 model may provide a unique screening tool for the identification of novel antipsychotic compounds, whereby the @entity3 -mimicking @entity7 is drug-induced, but the detection of the antipsychotic action is not dependent on the mechanism of action of the pro-psychotic drug.

title: Systemic administration of @entity8 produces an abnormally persistent latent inhibition which is reversed by XXXX but not @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) refers to retarded conditioning to a stimulus as a consequence of its inconsequential pre-exposure, and disrupted @entity9 in the @entity0 is considered to model an @entity1 in @entity3 . Blockade of @entity2 receptor transmission, which produces behavioral effects potentially relevant to @entity3 symptomatology in several animal models, has been reported to spare @entity9 . OBJECTIVES: To show that systemic administration of the non-competitive @entity2 antagonist @entity8 will lead to an abnormally persistent @entity9 which will emerge under conditions that disrupt @entity9 in controls, and that this will be reversed by the atypical neuroleptic @entity4 but not by the typical neuroleptic @entity6 , as found for other @entity2 antagonist-induced models. METHODS: @entity9 was measured in a thirst-motivated conditioned emotional response (CER) procedure by comparing suppression of drinking in response to a tone in @entity0 which previously received 0 (non-pre-exposed) or 40 tone exposures (pre-exposed) followed by two (experiment 1) or five (experiments 2-5) tone - foot @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity8 at doses of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg reduced conditioned suppression while no effect on suppression was seen at the 0.05 mg/kg dose. At the latter dose, intact @entity9 was seen with parameters that produced @entity9 in controls (40 pre-exposures and two conditioning trials). Raising the number of conditioning trials to five disrupted @entity9 in control @entity0 , but @entity8 -treated @entity0 continued to show @entity9 , and this abnormally persistent @entity9 was due to the action of @entity8 in the conditioning stage. @entity8 -induced @entity9 was unaffected by both @entity6 (0.1 mg/kg) and @entity4 (5 mg/kg) administered in conditioning, and was reversed by @entity4 but not by @entity6 administered in pre-exposure. CONCLUSION: @entity8 -induced perseveration of @entity9 is consistent with other reports of perseverative behaviors, suggested to be particularly relevant to negative symptoms of @entity3 , following @entity2 receptor blockade. We suggest that @entity9 may model impaired attentional set shifting associated with negative symptoms of @entity3 . Moreover, the finding that the action of @entity8 on @entity9 and the action of @entity4 are exerted in different stages of the @entity9 procedure suggests that the @entity8 -based @entity9 model may provide a unique screening tool for the identification of novel antipsychotic compounds, whereby the @entity3 -mimicking @entity7 is drug-induced, but the detection of the antipsychotic action is not dependent on the mechanism of action of the pro-psychotic drug.

title: Systemic administration of @entity8 produces an abnormally persistent latent inhibition which is reversed by @entity4 but not XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: RATIONALE: When ad libitum-fed (AL) @entity0 undergo cocaine place preference conditioning (CPP) but are switched to food restriction (FR) for testing, CPP is enhanced and preference scores correlate with phosphorylation of a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor @entity2 at Ser845 in nucleus accumbens (NAc) core. OBJECTIVES: The present study tested whether a similar association exists in AL @entity0 and whether an inhibitor of Ca(2+)-permeable AMPARs blocks CPP expression in either diet group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In experiments 1-3, AL @entity0 were conditioned with cocaine (12.0  mg/kg, i.p.). Three weeks later, CPP was tested daily and brains were harvested after the fifth test. Western analyses were used to probe for levels of AMPA receptors in NAc. In experiment 4, AL @entity0 were conditioned, half were switched to FR for testing, and half in each diet group received NAc core microinjection of 1-naphthylacetyl spermine (NASPM (NASPM) (25.0   g) prior to each test. RESULTS: In experiment 1, CPP expression in AL @entity0 was associated with elevated pSer845- @entity2 , @entity2 , and @entity1 in NAc. In experiment 2, the correlation between pSer845- @entity2 and CPP was localized to NAc core. In experiment 3, pSer845- @entity2 following a CPP test was higher in NAc synaptic membranes of FR relative to AL @entity0 . In experiment 4, NASPM blocked CPP expression in both diet groups. CONCLUSIONS: Results support a scheme in which pSer845- @entity2 in NAc core underlies expression of cocaine CPP and does so by stabilizing or trafficking Ca(2+)-permeable AMPARs to the synaptic membrane. The more robust CPP of FR @entity0 may result from upregulation of stimulus-induced pSer845- @entity2 .

title: Nucleus accumbens AMPA receptor involvement in cocaine-conditioned place preference under different dietary conditions in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Germ-cell @entity1 can be subdivided into germinoma, @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity10 (yolk-sac @entity1 ), and @entity2 . They are also distinguished by their production of secreted markers such as @entity3 produced in @entity10 and @entity4 or beta- @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin, produced by @entity4 . Germinoma and @entity2 produce none of the markers. Because it has been proposed that @entity2 may differentiate from multipotent stem cells contained in @entity4 and are thus lineage related, the presence of markers indicates the presence of a @entity11 . @entity11 are an invariably fatal subgroup within the pediatric pineal region germ-cell @entity1 . There is no effective, established therapeutic regimen. We report the treatment regimen for three @entity0 diagnosed with this highly aggressive @entity1 entity. The @entity0 were first given a course of chemotherapy with @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity5 . This resulted in the normalization of markers and the shrinkage of @entity1 . These were then removed by the infratentorial supracerebellar approach. Removal was followed by a second course of chemotherapy with @entity12 , @entity6 , and @entity5 ; after which the @entity0 underwent radiotherapy. All three @entity0 are well and without evidence of residual or recurrent disease 20, 30, and 32 months after surgery, respectively. We propose this therapy regimen for @entity0 in whom the markers are positive.

title: Treatment of XXXX of the pineal region.

answer: @entity11


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) as treatment in acute @entity1 may be insufficient to achieve recanalisation in certain @entity0 . Predicting probability of non-recanalisation after IVT may have the potential to influence @entity0 selection to more aggressive management strategies. We aimed at deriving and internally validating a predictive score for post-thrombolytic non-recanalisation, using clinical and radiological variables. In thrombolysis registries from four Swiss academic @entity1 centres (Lausanne, Bern, Basel and Geneva), @entity0 were selected with large @entity2 on acute imaging and with repeated arterial assessment at 24 hours. Based on a logistic regression analysis, an integer-based score for each covariate of the fitted multivariate model was generated. Performance of integer-based predictive model was assessed by bootstrapping available data and cross validation (delete-d method). In 599 @entity1 , five variables were identified as independent predictors of absence of recanalisation: Acute glucose >   7 mmol/l (A), significant @entity3 (ST), decreased Range of visual fields (R), large @entity2 (A) and decreased Level of consciousness (L). All variables were weighted 1, except for (L) which obtained 2 points based on b-coefficients on the logistic scale. ASTRAL-R scores 0, 3 and 6 corresponded to non-recanalisation probabilities of 18, 44 and 74   % respectively. Predictive ability showed AUC of 0.66 (95   %CI, 0.61-0.70) when using bootstrap and 0.66 (0.63-0.68) when using delete-d cross validation. In conclusion, the 5-item ASTRAL-R score moderately predicts non-recanalisation at 24 hours in thrombolysed @entity1 . If its performance can be confirmed by external validation and its clinical usefulness can be proven, the score may influence @entity0 selection for more aggressive revascularisation strategies in routine clinical practice.

title: ASTRAL-R score predicts non-recanalisation after intravenous thrombolysis in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a rare @entity1 . Despite a consensus for the distinct clinicopathologic entity of @entity2 , its clinical features remain controversial. In addition, most studies have contained a small number of @entity0 who underwent definitive surgical treatment. METHODS: Forty-two cases of @entity2 , which had been identified from files of eight affiliated hospitals and confirmed for histologic diagnosis at the Pathology Center, were analyzed for histologic grade, demographics, treatments, outcomes, and prognostic factors. The average follow-up period was 7.4 years. RESULTS: Included in the study were 20 @entity0 and 22 @entity0 with a mean age at diagnosis of 52.1 years. The @entity1 were located mainly in the lower extremities (69%). Thirty-three @entity1 (79%) were classified as Grade 1 and nine as Grade 2 according to the modified French System. Overall survival was 100% at 5 years and 88% at 10 years. Disease-free survival was 45% at 5 years and 36% at 10 years. Inadequate initial surgery was defined as a significant risk factor for local recurrence by univariate analysis of all 42 @entity0 but not by the analysis of those 30 @entity0 who had undergone wide @entity1 excision or amputation. Wide excision led to the recurrence rate of 14%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings supported the role of wide excision in the local control of @entity2 , irrespective of the previous excision procedure or recurrence. The protracted clinical course of the @entity1 and the presence of @entity0 who had distant metastasis develop after definitive surgery of the @entity1 represented @entity2 as intermediate @entity1 .

title: XXXX : a Multi-Institutional Study of 42 Cases in Japan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The AHA/ACC 2013 guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in adults contains major differences with the previous ESC/EAS 2011 guidelines and the remaining international guidelines, which has generated major controversies. The AHA/ACC document has developed a new model for estimating @entity1 for primary prevention which is not comparable with the SCORE recommended in the European guidelines. This guideline does not establish a fixed target for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc). Instead, it identifies 4 major statin benefit groups at risk for the development @entity1 , who should receive low-, moderate-, and high-intensity statin therapy to reduce LCLc. In contrast, the European guidelines maintain LDLc as the main treatment target and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a secondary treatment target. The document recommends calculating @entity1 for the overall treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 according to 4 risk levels (low, moderate, high, and very high), establishes LDLc treatment targets, and recommends a statin-based therapeutic strategy and other, lipid-lowering strategies, aimed at achieving these targets. The American guidelines cannot be extrapolated to the European population. Target-based treatment, as recommended in the EAS/ESC guidelines, is the best strategy for Europe. In Spain, the Primary Care Guidelines of the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC) and the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) are based on the European recommendations. Finally, the Spanish Society of @entity3 (SEA), SEMERGEN, semFYC and the Spanish Society of General Medicine (SEMG) are reaching a consensus on the approach and management of @entity0 with @entity2 in primary care.

title: [Guidelines for the management of XXXX .]

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 is best treated by surgical resection; however, no clear guidelines have been created regarding lymph node sampling at the time of resection. Additionally, the prognostic implications of nodal @entity1 are unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic implications of nodal @entity1 in @entity3 . METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for @entity0 who underwent surgical resection of @entity3 with documented pathologic examination of lymph nodes. The impact of nodal status on survival and @entity3 staging was examined. RESULTS: We identified 442 @entity0 who underwent @entity3 resection with pathologic evaluation of 1 or more  lymph nodes. A median of 2 nodes were sampled per @entity0 . Fifty-nine @entity0 (59 of 442, 13.3%) had >= 1 positive node. @entity0 with positive nodes were younger and had smaller @entity2 than node-negative @entity0 . Median survival in the node-positive @entity0 was 98 months, compared with 144 months in node-negative @entity0 (P  =  .013). In multivariable analysis, the presence of positive nodes had a significant, independent, adverse impact on survival (hazard ratio 1.945, 95% confidence interval 1.296-2.919, P  =  .001). The presence of nodal @entity1 resulted in a change in classification to a higher stage in 80% of @entity0 , the majority from Masaoka-Koga stage III to stage IV. CONCLUSIONS: Nodal status seems to be an important prognostic factor in @entity0 with @entity3 . Until the prognostic significance of nodal @entity1 is better understood, surgical therapy for @entity3 should include sampling of regional lymph nodes.

title: Resection of XXXX should include nodal sampling.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We analyzed the effect of isotype variation on effectiveness of B-cell @entity2 immunotoxins (IT) by using class switch variants (CLB-B4-IgG1 and CLB-B4-IgG2a) conjugated to ricin A. Notably, IgG1-IT appeared to be approximately 100-fold more potent than IgG2a-IT toward B-cell lines Daudi and KM3. Binding and internalization studies with 125I-labeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) revealed a higher cellular uptake of IgG1 compared to IgG2a, despite similar binding affinities. Following removal of the Fc part, both mAbs internalized at the same rate as IgG2a, indicating that the Fc part of IgG1 is involved in enhanced cellular uptake. The involvement of Fc gamma RII ( @entity1 ) in this process was demonstrated by a decreased cytotoxicity of IgG1-IT (and not IgG2a-IT) in the presence of Fc gamma RII-blocking mAbs AT10 or IV.3. To identify the isoform responsible for this phenomenon, internalization of IgG1 and IgG2a in 11 B-cell lines and malignant B-cells of 8 @entity0 was compared with expression of Fc gamma RII subclasses. In addition to four cell lines (Daudi, KM3, @entity0 , and Raji), the malignant B-cells of two @entity0 showed enhanced uptake of IgG1 relative to IgG2a. Only the @entity1 transcript was found in all B-cells. Furthermore, enhanced uptake of IgG1 correlated with rosetting of erythrocytes sensitized with anti-glycophorin A mAb of IgG1 isotype rather than with @entity1 membrane expression levels. These data support the idea that functional @entity1 is involved in the enhanced IgG1 uptake observed in a subset of B-cells. Our study, therefore, points to an important role for the Fc region of IT in the delivery of cytotoxic effects.

title: Effect of isotype on internalization and cytotoxicity of XXXX -ricin A immunotoxins.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a rare, @entity1 of the skin. The incidence is rising and it is associated with sun exposure and immunosuppression. Our aim was to perform a 10-year retrospective review of @entity3 treated in East Yorkshire and to examine disease progression, surgical and adjuvant management, and outcomes. METHODS: A 10-year retrospective review was undertaken of @entity0 identified through the histopathology database. Case notes and digital @entity0 records were examined for @entity0 demographics, disease characteristics, management and outcome. Disease stage was calculated using the 2010 AJCC TNM classification. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity0 with complete records were included. Twenty-one @entity0 were male and 16 female, with mean age 76.7 years at presentation. Pre-malignant or malignant skin changes were documented in 15 @entity0 , and immunosuppression in 15 @entity0 . Mean duration of lesion was 17.5 weeks. Following diagnosis 22/37 @entity0 underwent further surgery with 11 @entity0 undergoing sentinel @entity2 ( @entity2 ) biopsy. @entity2 was palpable at presentation in 8 @entity0 . Three year survival is 40%. CONCLUSIONS: There is no standardised management of @entity3 and randomised trials are challenging due to relatively small numbers. There has been little progress made in terms of improving survival. Development of a national database for @entity0 with this condition would allow prospective data collection and more accurate assessment of current treatment protocols and their efficacy. Level of Evidence: IV.

title: XXXX in East Yorkshire: A case series and literature review of current management.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is the most frequent type of @entity0 among @entity2 in adults and responds poorly to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There is evidence that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) might have antineoplastic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RAS blockade on @entity3 in a @entity1 model. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 @entity2 cells (Renca) were injected (1*10(5)) into the subcapsular space of the left kidney of BALB/c @entity1 (8wk of age). The animals were divided into 4 groups: a control group (no treatment), angiotensin-receptor blockers group ( @entity5 100mg/kg/d), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor group ( @entity4 10mg/kg/d), and angiotensin-receptor blockers +angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor group ( @entity5 100mg/kg/d + @entity4 10mg/kg/d). The animals received the drugs by gavage for 21 days after inoculation, beginning 2 days before @entity0 induction, and were then euthanized. After killing the animals, the kidneys and lungs were removed, weighed, and processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Angiogenesis and vascular microvessels were assessed with the antibodies anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and anti- @entity6 . RESULTS: Angiotensin II-inoculated animals developed @entity2 . Treated animals presented @entity0 , regardless of the therapeutic regimen, and far fewer lung metastases in both quantity and dimension compared with the controls. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and @entity6 were significantly decreased in @entity2 of treated animals compared with the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that blockade of RAS decreases @entity0 proliferation and metastatic capacity of @entity3 in this experimental model.

title: Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade attenuates growth and metastatic potential of XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is the most frequent type of @entity0 among @entity2 in adults and responds poorly to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There is evidence that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) might have antineoplastic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RAS blockade on @entity3 in a @entity1 model. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 @entity2 cells (Renca) were injected (1*10(5)) into the subcapsular space of the left kidney of BALB/c @entity1 (8wk of age). The animals were divided into 4 groups: a control group (no treatment), angiotensin-receptor blockers group ( @entity5 100mg/kg/d), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor group ( @entity4 10mg/kg/d), and angiotensin-receptor blockers +angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor group ( @entity5 100mg/kg/d + @entity4 10mg/kg/d). The animals received the drugs by gavage for 21 days after inoculation, beginning 2 days before @entity0 induction, and were then euthanized. After killing the animals, the kidneys and lungs were removed, weighed, and processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Angiogenesis and vascular microvessels were assessed with the antibodies anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and anti- @entity6 . RESULTS: Angiotensin II-inoculated animals developed @entity2 . Treated animals presented @entity0 , regardless of the therapeutic regimen, and far fewer lung metastases in both quantity and dimension compared with the controls. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and @entity6 were significantly decreased in @entity2 of treated animals compared with the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that blockade of RAS decreases @entity0 proliferation and metastatic capacity of @entity3 in this experimental model.

title: Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade attenuates growth and metastatic potential of @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical characteristics of @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with those of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity3 ) and @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: The authors used a computer search of Denmark's National @entity0 Register to screen the population for @entity0 with @entity4 with @entity2 , and also examined case records from @entity1 clinics and private practicing neurologists and placed advertisements. The authors screened @entity0 and their relatives with a semi-structured validated telephone interview. All recruited @entity0 were then interviewed by a physician and given a neurologic examination. RESULTS: A total of 105 @entity0 with @entity5 were identified. Seventy-two percent had four typical aura symptoms: visual, sensory, aphasic, and motor. All had at least two symptoms present during @entity5 attacks. A gradual progression and sequential appearance of aura symptoms was typical; compared with @entity3 , the duration of each aura symptom was usually prolonged and bilateral motor symptoms were more frequent. Of the @entity0 with @entity5 , 72% fulfilled the criteria for basilar @entity3 during @entity5 attacks. The aura was usually followed by @entity1 , as is common in @entity4 but not @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity5 had clinical symptoms identical to @entity4 and significantly different from @entity4 . Sporadic @entity4 is a separate entity, and should be classified with @entity4 .

title: Evidence for a separate type of @entity4 : XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical characteristics of @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with those of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity3 ) and @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: The authors used a computer search of Denmark's National @entity0 Register to screen the population for @entity0 with @entity4 with @entity2 , and also examined case records from @entity1 clinics and private practicing neurologists and placed advertisements. The authors screened @entity0 and their relatives with a semi-structured validated telephone interview. All recruited @entity0 were then interviewed by a physician and given a neurologic examination. RESULTS: A total of 105 @entity0 with @entity5 were identified. Seventy-two percent had four typical aura symptoms: visual, sensory, aphasic, and motor. All had at least two symptoms present during @entity5 attacks. A gradual progression and sequential appearance of aura symptoms was typical; compared with @entity3 , the duration of each aura symptom was usually prolonged and bilateral motor symptoms were more frequent. Of the @entity0 with @entity5 , 72% fulfilled the criteria for basilar @entity3 during @entity5 attacks. The aura was usually followed by @entity1 , as is common in @entity4 but not @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity5 had clinical symptoms identical to @entity4 and significantly different from @entity4 . Sporadic @entity4 is a separate entity, and should be classified with @entity4 .

title: Evidence for a separate type of XXXX : @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Double-strand DNA breaks with blunt ends represent the most serious type of DNA damage, and cannot be efficiently repaired by cells. They are generated in apoptosis or @entity1 and are absent in normal or transiently damaged cells. Consequently, they can be used as a molecular marker of irreparable cellular damage. We evaluated the effects of focal @entity4 using selective labeling of blunt-ended DNA breaks as a marker of irreversible tissue damage. A new approach permitting such analysis in situ is introduced. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 brain sections taken 6, 24, 48 and 72 hr after the onset of focal @entity4 were used. Double-strand DNA breaks were detected directly in the tissue sections via ligation of blunt-ended hairpin-shaped oligonucleotide probes. The probes were attached to the ends of the breaks by T4 DNA ligase. Conventional @entity5 co-staining and terminal transferase based labeling (TUNEL) were employed to analyze the distribution of labeled cells. RESULTS: Double-strand blunt-ended DNA breaks rapidly accumulate in brain cells after focal @entity4 . At 24 hr, they concentrate in the peripheral areas of @entity3 , which are prone to @entity2 -reoxygenation. By 48-72 hr, this type of DNA damage spreads inward, covering the internal areas of the @entity2 zone. CONCLUSIONS: Selective labeling of blunt-ended DNA breaks delineates the dynamics of @entity3 -induced irreversible DNA damage and provides highly specific detection of brain cells with irreparable DNA injury. It can be used for comparing the efficiency of various anti- @entity2 drugs, particularly those that target DNA damage, as well as for monitoring @entity3 -induced damage.

title: Visualization of irreparable XXXX in brain by selective labeling of double strand blunt-ended DNA breaks.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Factors influencing postoperative hospital mortality and long-term survival after radical resection of stage IV @entity3 remain unclear. The objective of this study was to identify characteristics of @entity0 who are good candidates in terms of surgical risk and long-term survival for radical resection of stage IV @entity3 . A retrospective study was made of attempted surgical cure in 72 @entity0 with stage IV @entity3 . There were 14 postoperative hospital deaths (19%). Eleven (19%) of the 58 @entity0 discharged from hospital survived for more than 3 years. Multivariate analysis indicated male gender, extended right hepatic lobectomy in a cholestatic liver, and portal vein resection as independent risk factors that correlated with @entity2 . Distant @entity1 was the sole independent factor that related negatively with long-term survival by multivariate analysis. Subset analysis was performed with combinations of the four independent factors obtained by multivariate analyses. The hospital mortality rate and the 3-year survival rate in the 44 @entity0 without portal vein involvement were 9% and 28%, respectively, and were 3% and 27%, for the 31 @entity0 in this group. The highest 3-year survival rate (39%) was observed in the 26 @entity0 without distant @entity1 and portal vein involvement, despite a hospital mortality rate of 12%. Better @entity0 selection may improve the outcome of radical surgery for stage IV @entity3 . These data may be useful in designing future trials of the surgical treatment of advanced @entity3 .

title: Factors influencing postoperative hospital mortality and long-term survival after radical resection for stage IV XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Speckle-tracking left @entity1 (GLS) assessment may provide substantial prognostic information for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 . Reference values for GLS have been recently published. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of standardized reference values for GLS in @entity5 @entity0 . An analysis of @entity5 clinic @entity0 who underwent GLS was performed. GLS was defined as normal (more negative or equal to -16  %) and abnormal (less negative than -16  %) based on recently published reference values. @entity0 were followed for a composite of events including @entity3 hospitalization, sustained @entity4 , and all-cause @entity2 . The power of GLS to predict outcomes was assessed relative to traditional clinical and echocardiographic variables present in @entity5 . 79 @entity5 @entity0 were followed for a median of 22  months (interquartile range 9-30  months) after imaging. During follow-up, 15 @entity0 (19  %) met the primary outcome. Abnormal GLS was the only echocardiographic variable independently predictive of the primary outcome [multivariate Hazard ratio 5.05 (95  % confidence interval 1.09-23.4, p = 0.038)]. When combined with traditional clinical variables, abnormal GLS remained independently predictive of the primary outcome [multivariate Hazard ratio 5.31 (95  % confidence interval 1.18-24, p = 0.030)]. In a model including the strongest clinical and echocardiographic predictors of the primary outcome, abnormal GLS demonstrated significant incremental benefit for risk stratification [net reclassification improvement 0.75 (95  % confidence interval 0.21-1.23, p < 0.0001)]. Abnormal GLS is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in @entity5 @entity0 . Standardized use of GLS may provide significant incremental value over traditional variables for risk stratification.

title: The prognostic value of standardized reference values for speckle-tracking global longitudinal strain in XXXX .

answer: @entity5