abstract: Here, we report a series of 5 @entity0 (6 shoulders) diagnosed with @entity5 of the shoulder joint in our clinic between 2005 and 2008. Initial diagnosis, previous treatment, and radiological and clinical follow-up findings were reviewed. The mean age at diagnosis was 44.2 years. Four @entity0 had unilateral and 1 @entity0 had bilateral involvement. The presenting symptoms were @entity3 , @entity1 , and loss in range of motion. Active forward flexion and abduction ranged from 0   to 90  . @entity6 and loss of temperature sense was evident in 3 @entity0 . Radiographs showed massive osteolysis of humeral head and glenoid process, and magnetic resonance imaging showed periarticular fluid collection, and degeneration at the rotator cuff and shoulder joint, resembling chronic @entity9 or @entity4 . Biopsy was performed in 4 @entity0 before definitive diagnosis, and @entity7 and @entity2 bone was found. Two @entity0 had a history of operated cervical @entity8 , and the remaining 3 @entity0 were later diagnosed to have @entity8 and referred to neurosurgery clinic, where 2 of those were operated. Four @entity0 were followed-up with symptomatic therapy, and 1 @entity0 underwent an unsuccessful shoulder arthroplasty in another clinic. As a conclusion, @entity5 of the shoulder is rare, and correct diagnosis is possible by careful physical and neurological examination and pathologic evaluation when needed.

title: XXXX of the shoulder associated with @entity8 : a report of six cases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Here, we report a series of 5 @entity0 (6 shoulders) diagnosed with @entity5 of the shoulder joint in our clinic between 2005 and 2008. Initial diagnosis, previous treatment, and radiological and clinical follow-up findings were reviewed. The mean age at diagnosis was 44.2 years. Four @entity0 had unilateral and 1 @entity0 had bilateral involvement. The presenting symptoms were @entity3 , @entity1 , and loss in range of motion. Active forward flexion and abduction ranged from 0   to 90  . @entity6 and loss of temperature sense was evident in 3 @entity0 . Radiographs showed massive osteolysis of humeral head and glenoid process, and magnetic resonance imaging showed periarticular fluid collection, and degeneration at the rotator cuff and shoulder joint, resembling chronic @entity9 or @entity4 . Biopsy was performed in 4 @entity0 before definitive diagnosis, and @entity7 and @entity2 bone was found. Two @entity0 had a history of operated cervical @entity8 , and the remaining 3 @entity0 were later diagnosed to have @entity8 and referred to neurosurgery clinic, where 2 of those were operated. Four @entity0 were followed-up with symptomatic therapy, and 1 @entity0 underwent an unsuccessful shoulder arthroplasty in another clinic. As a conclusion, @entity5 of the shoulder is rare, and correct diagnosis is possible by careful physical and neurological examination and pathologic evaluation when needed.

title: @entity5 of the shoulder associated with XXXX : a report of six cases.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with @entity2 , the knowledge of the status of cerebrovascular autoregulation can help to optimize the management of the cerebral perfusion pressure. This study characterizes dynamic and static cerebrovascular autoregulation during the first 7 days after severe @entity1 or @entity3 . METHODS: After approval from the IRB, 16 @entity0 were studied. Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) was measured daily for the assessment of dynamic (10 @entity0 ) and static (16 @entity0 ) cerebrovascular autoregulation in both the middle cerebral arteries using the transcranial Doppler sonography. Dynamic cerebrovascular autoregulation ( @entity5 ) was measured using the cuff-deflation method and was expressed by the index of the @entity5 . The index of the static cerebrovascular autoregulation (sAR) was calculated from changes in the CBFV in relation to drug-induced alterations of the arterial blood pressure. For statistical analyses, t test and mixed effect model were used. RESULTS: Both @entity5 and sAR after @entity4 were impaired in most of the @entity0 . The chronologic sequence of the @entity5 at the ipsilateral injured hemisphere showed a significant decrease until day 4 followed by an incomplete recovery (P < 0.002). Changes in sAR were similar, however, they did not gain statistical significance. CBFV was lower at day 1-2 after injury in comparison with day 4 to 7 (P < 0.02). CONCLUSION: Daily measured @entity5 and sAR were impaired after @entity4 with a nadir on day 4 and consecutive incomplete recovery over time.

title: Serial measurement of static and dynamic cerebrovascular autoregulation after XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The production of @entity4 by glucocorticoids and @entity7 is a complicated interference of a complex developmental program involving many genetic and biochemical processes. The H-2 histocompatibility region includes genes which affect susceptibility to glucocorticoid- and @entity7 -induced @entity4 ; glucocorticoid receptor level in a variety of tissues including @entity4 , adult thymuses and lungs; and the degree of inhibition of @entity6 and @entity5 production by glucocorticoids and @entity7 in thymocytes. A gene linked to a minor histocompatibility locus (H-3) on the second chromosome also influences susceptibility to glucocorticoid and @entity7 -induced @entity4 . @entity7 is an alternate ligand for the glucocorticoid receptor affecting @entity6 and/or @entity5 production. The capacity of glucocorticoids to induce @entity4 is correlated with their anti-inflammatory potency. At least some of the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids can be explained by the inhibition of @entity6 and/or @entity5 release, which in turn could be caused by inhibition of @entity3 release from phospholipids. Similar mechanisms may be involved in @entity4 induction, as exogenous @entity3 injected into pregnant @entity1 and @entity0 at the same time as glucocorticoids reduces the teratogenic potency of the @entity2 and @entity8 , and inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, blocks the corrective action of @entity3 . Glucocorticoids and @entity7 cause a delay in shelf elevation, and this delay is promoted by fetal membranes and the tongue. However, the cells of the medial edge epithelium are programmed to die whether contact is made with the apposing shelf or not. Glucocorticoids and @entity7 interfere with this programmed cell death, and this interference by both drugs seems to be a glucocorticoid receptor mediated event, to require protein synthesis and to be related to @entity3 release.

title: Palatal development and the XXXX cascade.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Psychogenic @entity2 (PNES) are episodic alterations in behavior presumed to reflect a physical manifestation of underlying @entity3 . Standardized treatment approaches for PNES care are lacking. We evaluated common approaches to PNES management that do not require significant commitment of time and resources. METHODOLOGY: @entity0 with PNES established with video-EEG monitoring were randomized to one of the following three groups: 1) PNES diagnosis delivered per the discretion of the attending physician with advice to seek mental health assistance in the community (n=12), 2) scripted PNES diagnosis provided and inpatient psychiatry consult obtained (n=10), and 3) weekly follow-up phone calls made in addition to scripted diagnosis and inpatient psychiatry consultation (n=15). Reduction in event frequency measured at 8weeks following hospital discharge represented the primary outcome variable. Secondary variables analyzed included exploration of change in self-reported mood, quality of life, and healthcare utilization. RESULTS: No significant improvements were noted in @entity0 simply given a PNES diagnosis and advised to seek outside care on any measure. In contrast, @entity0 receiving a scripted diagnosis and @entity1 consultation demonstrated decreased PNES frequency accompanied by improved quality of life (QOL). @entity0 also receiving weekly phone calls not only demonstrated decreased PNES frequency and improvements in QOL but also exhibited improved mood. DISCUSSION: These findings demonstrate that providing diagnostic information regarding PNES is insufficient by itself to meaningfully affect @entity0 outcome. Structured feedback and @entity1 consultation appeared adequate to significantly reduce PNES frequency and improve aspects of quality of life, while the addition of a weekly phone contact also led to improved mood.

title: A standardized diagnostic approach and ongoing feedback improves outcome in psychogenic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Total DNA partially digested by EcoR I was prepared for @entity3 042B, in which 15-25 kb DNA fragments were collected. Vector pLAFR I was purified and digested by EcoR I, and then the various DNA fragments of 042B were ligated with pLAFR I by T4DNA ligase. Gene library of @entity3 042B was constructed with pLAFR I using @entity0 S17-1 as recipient. The number of bacterial recombinants obtained was about 8,000 and 95% of them contained foreign DNA fragments. Using NTG, 042B was mutated on FY plates and 12 sensitive strains were screened at 0.5 mol/L @entity2 from 2,000 colonies. One of them was named GZ17 and selected as a recipient strain. By biparental mating the foreign DNA fragments were introduced from gene library of strain 042B into recipient strain GZ17 which is sensitive to 0.5 mol/L @entity2 . Then the transconjugants were grown on FY plates containing @entity1 (20 micrograms/mL) and 0.5 mol/L @entity2 . A 7 kb inserted DNA fragment related to salt tolerance was obtained. In subcloning experiment, a 4 kb DNA fragment related to salt tolerance was obtained.

title: [Cloning of DNA fragment related to salt tolerance in XXXX 042B].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The clinical course and outcome of @entity9 diagnosed in utero is not well understood. To approach this problem 40 cases were reviewed of intrauterine fetal @entity9 diagnosed with sonography, and follow-up information was obtained regarding them. Sonograms were evaluated for cerebral dimensions, biparietal diameter, brain mantle size, ventricular ratio, amount of amniotic fluid, and associated abnormalities. Neonatal brain sonograms and computed tomographic (CT) scans were reviewed also. Clinical charts were reviewed for maternal age and parity, referral source, family history, fetal age at diagnosis and delivery, mode of delivery, physical examination and/or autopsy findings, karyotype, amniotic @entity3 level, cause of @entity4 , shunt placement after birth, and status of live @entity0 . The observations indicate that the prognosis for fetal @entity9 is poor. Only six @entity0 (15%) were alive after an average follow-up of 13 months. Three @entity0 were normal and the other three had @entity1 ranging from severe ( @entity8 and @entity5 ) to minimal (2-3 months delayed motor development). Thirty-four fetuses or neonates died. Nine families elected to terminate pregnancy. Ten opted for decompression at delivery for progressive @entity9 . @entity7 were present in 12 of 23 @entity0 at delivery. Fourteen other @entity0 had additional significant @entity2 . Other abnormal sonographic findings included @entity11 (13 of 38), @entity10 or decreased fluid (nine of 38), neural tube defect (nine of 40), and other @entity2 (nine of 40). These findings indicate that @entity9 diagnosed in utero by sonography is caused by a heterogeneous group of disorders. In general, the prognosis for normal development is poor. Individual prognoses, however, depend on the specific @entity6 and the interventions used.

title: Clinical course of fetal XXXX : 40 cases.

answer: @entity9


abstract: The lower sensitivity of the inflamed nasal mucosa to glucocorticoids might be related to an increased expression of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) beta isoform. We investigated GRalpha and GRbeta mRNA expression in epithelial cells from nasal mucosa and @entity0 . GRalpha mRNA was at least 1000 times more expressed than GRbeta mRNA in both tissues. GRbeta expression (mean+/-SEM of 10(3) cDNA copies/microg of total RNA) was higher in @entity0 (1.15+/-0.19; n=27; P<0.01) than in nasal mucosa (0.62+/-0.10; n=32). @entity0 with > 3% of inflammatory cells had higher GRbeta levels (1.40+/-0.29; n=16) than both nasal mucosa (P<0.01) and @entity1 with < or = 3% of inflammatory cells (0.80+/-0.18; n=11; P<0.05). No difference in GRbeta expression was found between nasal mucosa and @entity1 with < or = 3% of inflammatory cells. GRbeta expression correlated with the inflammatory cell number, especially with mast cells (r=0.50, P<0.0001). There was no difference in GRalpha mRNA expression between nasal mucosa and @entity0 . In summary, GRalpha is far more expressed than GRbeta in both tissues. The increased expression of GRbeta may be related to the presence of inflammatory cells.

title: Expression of the XXXX alpha and beta isoforms in human nasal mucosa and polyp epithelial cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Markers of @entity2 , acute-phase reactants, and growth factors may be concomitantly involved in a number of pathologic processes in the general population and uremic @entity0 . In addition, growth factors may influence peritoneal membrane transport characteristics. However, the association between plasma growth factors, markers of @entity2 , and peritoneal membrane transport remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between plasma levels of selected growth factors [ @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity10 ( @entity10 ), @entity1 ( @entity1 )] and markers of @entity2 [ @entity7 , @entity9 ( @entity9 ), and fibrinogen] in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) @entity0 . The potential link between the above substances and dialysis adequacy was also explored. DESIGN: Single-center, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Peritoneal Dialysis Unit, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Hospital, Krak  w, Poland. @entity0 : 32 stable @entity5 @entity0 (13 M, 19 F; mean age 53.6 +/- 13.7 years) on CAPD for a median period of 19.5 months. @entity0 free from signs and symptoms of any @entity2 (including @entity4 ) for at least 3 months were included into the study. All @entity0 underwent measurements of dialysis dose [Kt/V, weekly @entity8 clearance (wCCr)] and peritoneal solute transport using a standard peritoneal equilibration test (PET). METHODS: @entity10 , @entity6 , @entity1 , and @entity7 were measured with ELISA, @entity9 was assayed with immunonephelometry, and fibrinogen with Multifibren U reagent (Dade Behring Marburg GmbH, Marburg, Germany). Nephron 97 for Windows software was used to assess dialysis adequacy. RESULTS: Significant positive correlations between plasma @entity6 and @entity7 , as well as fibrinogen concentrations (R = 0.36, p < 0.05 and R = 0.39, p < 0.05, respectively), were found. @entity1 correlated significantly with @entity7 and @entity9 (R = 0.65, p < 0.0001 and R = 0.51, p < 0.005, respectively). An association between @entity1 and @entity6 was also found (R = 0.59, p < 0.0005). Serum level of @entity10 revealed no relationship with any marker of acute-phase activation, remaining growth factors, or dialysis adequacy. Positive correlation between @entity10 concentration and dialysate-to-plasma ratio for @entity8 in PET (R = 0.35, p < 0.05) was found. In addition, @entity0 with lower solute transport (low/low-average transporters) had lower serum levels of both @entity6 and @entity10 compared to @entity0 with higher solute transport. @entity0 with total wCCr > 60 L/ week/m2 were characterized by lower levels of @entity6 and @entity7 . Serum level of @entity7 and plasma levels of @entity6 and @entity1 were significantly lower among subjects with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) > 2.0 mL/minute. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that systemic @entity2 in peritoneal dialysis @entity0 is associated with increased plasma @entity1 and @entity6 but not @entity10 . The negative correlation with @entity3 suggests that either the renal clearance of these cytokines and growth factors may contribute to their elimination, or cytokines and growth factors have a negative impact on @entity3 . We also suggest an association between serum levels of growth factors tested and peritoneal membrane function.

title: Selected growth factors in peritoneal dialysis: their relationship to markers of @entity2 , dialysis adequacy, XXXX , and peritoneal membrane transport.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Markers of @entity2 , acute-phase reactants, and growth factors may be concomitantly involved in a number of pathologic processes in the general population and uremic @entity0 . In addition, growth factors may influence peritoneal membrane transport characteristics. However, the association between plasma growth factors, markers of @entity2 , and peritoneal membrane transport remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between plasma levels of selected growth factors [ @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity10 ( @entity10 ), @entity1 ( @entity1 )] and markers of @entity2 [ @entity7 , @entity9 ( @entity9 ), and fibrinogen] in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) @entity0 . The potential link between the above substances and dialysis adequacy was also explored. DESIGN: Single-center, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Peritoneal Dialysis Unit, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Hospital, Krak  w, Poland. @entity0 : 32 stable @entity5 @entity0 (13 M, 19 F; mean age 53.6 +/- 13.7 years) on CAPD for a median period of 19.5 months. @entity0 free from signs and symptoms of any @entity2 (including @entity4 ) for at least 3 months were included into the study. All @entity0 underwent measurements of dialysis dose [Kt/V, weekly @entity8 clearance (wCCr)] and peritoneal solute transport using a standard peritoneal equilibration test (PET). METHODS: @entity10 , @entity6 , @entity1 , and @entity7 were measured with ELISA, @entity9 was assayed with immunonephelometry, and fibrinogen with Multifibren U reagent (Dade Behring Marburg GmbH, Marburg, Germany). Nephron 97 for Windows software was used to assess dialysis adequacy. RESULTS: Significant positive correlations between plasma @entity6 and @entity7 , as well as fibrinogen concentrations (R = 0.36, p < 0.05 and R = 0.39, p < 0.05, respectively), were found. @entity1 correlated significantly with @entity7 and @entity9 (R = 0.65, p < 0.0001 and R = 0.51, p < 0.005, respectively). An association between @entity1 and @entity6 was also found (R = 0.59, p < 0.0005). Serum level of @entity10 revealed no relationship with any marker of acute-phase activation, remaining growth factors, or dialysis adequacy. Positive correlation between @entity10 concentration and dialysate-to-plasma ratio for @entity8 in PET (R = 0.35, p < 0.05) was found. In addition, @entity0 with lower solute transport (low/low-average transporters) had lower serum levels of both @entity6 and @entity10 compared to @entity0 with higher solute transport. @entity0 with total wCCr > 60 L/ week/m2 were characterized by lower levels of @entity6 and @entity7 . Serum level of @entity7 and plasma levels of @entity6 and @entity1 were significantly lower among subjects with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) > 2.0 mL/minute. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that systemic @entity2 in peritoneal dialysis @entity0 is associated with increased plasma @entity1 and @entity6 but not @entity10 . The negative correlation with @entity3 suggests that either the renal clearance of these cytokines and growth factors may contribute to their elimination, or cytokines and growth factors have a negative impact on @entity3 . We also suggest an association between serum levels of growth factors tested and peritoneal membrane function.

title: Selected growth factors in peritoneal dialysis: their relationship to markers of XXXX , dialysis adequacy, @entity3 , and peritoneal membrane transport.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We report the results of a prospective Italian multi-center study of the effects of @entity5 , a slow-release @entity2 analog, on left ventricular morphology and function and on the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmic events in 19 @entity0 with active, newly diagnosed, uncomplicated @entity3 . Cardiac features were evaluated with Doppler-echocardiography and 24-h Holter ECG monitoring at baseline and after 6 months of @entity5 therapy. Fifteen @entity0 (78.9%) had @entity4 . @entity5 treatment significantly decreased the left ventricular mass (127.8+/-6.9 vs 140.7+/-7.1 g/m2, p<0.001) and @entity4 significantly disappeared in 6 of these @entity0 . Treatment did not significantly affect systolic function, whereas it increased the Doppler-derived early-to-late mitral flow velocity, (E/A) ratio, of early-to-late trans-mitral flow velocity (1.34+/-0.1 vs 1.09+/-0.06, p=0.001). @entity1 volume was slightly but not significantly increased after treatment, whereas systolic BP was significantly higher (134+/-14 vs 129+/-13 mmHg, p<0.05). The 24-h mean heart rate was significantly reduced after treatment (66.5+/-11 vs 71.5+/-20 beats/min, p<0.05). Supra-ventricular premature beats (>50/24 h) occurred in 16.6% of @entity0 and were unaffected by treatment. Differently, ventricular premature beats (>50/24 h) occurred in 33.3% of @entity0 before treatment vs 16.5%, after treatment. In conclusion, @entity5 reduced the left ventricular mass, and improved ventricular filling and ventricular arrhythmic profile.

title: Improvement of XXXX and arrhythmias after @entity5 -induced GH and IGF-I decrease in @entity3 . A prospective multi-center study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We report the results of a prospective Italian multi-center study of the effects of @entity5 , a slow-release @entity2 analog, on left ventricular morphology and function and on the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmic events in 19 @entity0 with active, newly diagnosed, uncomplicated @entity3 . Cardiac features were evaluated with Doppler-echocardiography and 24-h Holter ECG monitoring at baseline and after 6 months of @entity5 therapy. Fifteen @entity0 (78.9%) had @entity4 . @entity5 treatment significantly decreased the left ventricular mass (127.8+/-6.9 vs 140.7+/-7.1 g/m2, p<0.001) and @entity4 significantly disappeared in 6 of these @entity0 . Treatment did not significantly affect systolic function, whereas it increased the Doppler-derived early-to-late mitral flow velocity, (E/A) ratio, of early-to-late trans-mitral flow velocity (1.34+/-0.1 vs 1.09+/-0.06, p=0.001). @entity1 volume was slightly but not significantly increased after treatment, whereas systolic BP was significantly higher (134+/-14 vs 129+/-13 mmHg, p<0.05). The 24-h mean heart rate was significantly reduced after treatment (66.5+/-11 vs 71.5+/-20 beats/min, p<0.05). Supra-ventricular premature beats (>50/24 h) occurred in 16.6% of @entity0 and were unaffected by treatment. Differently, ventricular premature beats (>50/24 h) occurred in 33.3% of @entity0 before treatment vs 16.5%, after treatment. In conclusion, @entity5 reduced the left ventricular mass, and improved ventricular filling and ventricular arrhythmic profile.

title: Improvement of @entity4 and arrhythmias after XXXX -induced GH and IGF-I decrease in @entity3 . A prospective multi-center study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We report the results of a prospective Italian multi-center study of the effects of @entity5 , a slow-release @entity2 analog, on left ventricular morphology and function and on the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmic events in 19 @entity0 with active, newly diagnosed, uncomplicated @entity3 . Cardiac features were evaluated with Doppler-echocardiography and 24-h Holter ECG monitoring at baseline and after 6 months of @entity5 therapy. Fifteen @entity0 (78.9%) had @entity4 . @entity5 treatment significantly decreased the left ventricular mass (127.8+/-6.9 vs 140.7+/-7.1 g/m2, p<0.001) and @entity4 significantly disappeared in 6 of these @entity0 . Treatment did not significantly affect systolic function, whereas it increased the Doppler-derived early-to-late mitral flow velocity, (E/A) ratio, of early-to-late trans-mitral flow velocity (1.34+/-0.1 vs 1.09+/-0.06, p=0.001). @entity1 volume was slightly but not significantly increased after treatment, whereas systolic BP was significantly higher (134+/-14 vs 129+/-13 mmHg, p<0.05). The 24-h mean heart rate was significantly reduced after treatment (66.5+/-11 vs 71.5+/-20 beats/min, p<0.05). Supra-ventricular premature beats (>50/24 h) occurred in 16.6% of @entity0 and were unaffected by treatment. Differently, ventricular premature beats (>50/24 h) occurred in 33.3% of @entity0 before treatment vs 16.5%, after treatment. In conclusion, @entity5 reduced the left ventricular mass, and improved ventricular filling and ventricular arrhythmic profile.

title: Improvement of @entity4 and arrhythmias after @entity5 -induced GH and IGF-I decrease in XXXX . A prospective multi-center study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The crude protein content and @entity3 profile of seven feedstuffs (linseed meal, @entity8 gluten meal, rapeseed meal, rapeseed meal protected, @entity4 meal, fullfat @entity4 extruded and sunflower meal) were determined before and after ruminal incubation for 16 h in three bulls with large rumen cannulas. The intestinal disappearance of @entity6 was measured using mobile bag technique. Ruminal incubation affected @entity3 profile of all experimental feedstuffs. Crude protein degradation varied from 29.3% for @entity8 gluten meal to 86.4% for rapeseed meal. A tendency towards increased disappearance was observed for @entity0 , @entity9 , @entity2 and @entity5 and decreased disappearance for branched-chain @entity6 . The intestinal crude protein digestibility was higher than > 80%, except rapeseed meal (66.4%) and sunflower meal (77.8%). The least digestible individual @entity6 were @entity7 and @entity10 in rapeseed meal, @entity9 and @entity7 in rapeseed meal protected and @entity1 in sunflower meal. In general, the lowest @entity3 digestibilities were found in feedstuffs with the highest fibre content. The feedstuffs show that they have different potential for supplying of limiting @entity6 . Of particular value are the feedstuffs with low crude protein degradability in the rumen and high intestinal digestibility of @entity6 .

title: XXXX profile of escaped feed protein after rumen incubation and their intestinal digestibility.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Early onset @entity5 have been considered a rare heterogeneous group with a poor prognosis. Only few @entity0 may be categorized into well-known syndromes. We have evaluated electroclinical features, evolution, and the nosologic boundaries of early onset @entity5 . METHODS: Forty-six neurologically normal @entity0 with @entity5 associated with bilateral, synchronic, or asynchronic, and symmetric or asymmetric spike-and-wave paroxysms with onset in the first 3 years of life were included. @entity0 with abnormal neurologic examination and brain imaging were excluded from the study. KEY FINDINGS: In our study, 39 @entity0 met the clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) criteria of well-defined @entity1 . @entity5 was found in 11 @entity0 , @entity6 in @entity3 in 18 @entity0 , eyelid @entity6 in 4, and @entity1 with @entity6 in 6. We did not find clinical and EEG criteria of well-recognized @entity1 in seven @entity0 . Nine of 11 @entity0 with simple @entity5 became @entity2 free. All these @entity0 had normal neurologic and neuropsychological evaluations. Of the 35 @entity0 who had @entity5 associated with @entity2 , 20 became @entity2 free. Fifteen of 35 @entity0 continue having @entity2 . At the last visit, 20 of these 35 @entity0 had normal neurologic and neuropsychological evaluations, 11 presented with mild @entity4 , and 4 with severe @entity4 . SIGNIFICANCE: @entity1 with @entity5 of early onset are relatively uncommon. Most of the @entity0 had well-defined @entity1 with a variable evolution. The evolution depended on the @entity1 .

title: XXXX in the first 3 years of life: an electroclinical study of 46 cases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Autophagy is a dynamic process of protein degradation. Induction of autophagy by @entity2 ( @entity3 ) has been noted in @entity1 cell lines. Twenty-eight specimens, obtained from 14 @entity0 before and after @entity3 treatment, were analyzed to investigate whether induction of autophagy could be detected in surgical specimens by immunohistochemical analysis. Macroautophagy was monitored by immunohistochemical analysis employing anti-light chain 3 isoform B ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) antibodies; chaperone-mediated autophagy was monitored by anti-LAMP2A antibody immunostaining. Furthermore, detection of @entity5 protein by Western blotting was performed on six specimens obtained from the preserved frozen tissues of three @entity0 . All specimens showed dot-like staining for each immunostain in the cytoplasm of @entity1 cells, indicating induction of autophagy. @entity5 , @entity4 and LAMP2A immunostains were semiquantitatively scored from 1 to 3 points. Combination of the three scores after @entity3 treatment (6.4        1.2) showed a significant increase (P   =   0.020) compared to pre-treatment scores (5.2        1.5). Western blotting for @entity5 showed increased @entity5 -I and @entity5 -II expression after @entity3 treatment. The present study proved that autophagy monitoring by immunohistochemical staining of surgical specimens was feasible. These results suggest that autophagy is induced by @entity3 .

title: Induction of autophagy in XXXX treated @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Autophagy is a dynamic process of protein degradation. Induction of autophagy by @entity2 ( @entity3 ) has been noted in @entity1 cell lines. Twenty-eight specimens, obtained from 14 @entity0 before and after @entity3 treatment, were analyzed to investigate whether induction of autophagy could be detected in surgical specimens by immunohistochemical analysis. Macroautophagy was monitored by immunohistochemical analysis employing anti-light chain 3 isoform B ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) antibodies; chaperone-mediated autophagy was monitored by anti-LAMP2A antibody immunostaining. Furthermore, detection of @entity5 protein by Western blotting was performed on six specimens obtained from the preserved frozen tissues of three @entity0 . All specimens showed dot-like staining for each immunostain in the cytoplasm of @entity1 cells, indicating induction of autophagy. @entity5 , @entity4 and LAMP2A immunostains were semiquantitatively scored from 1 to 3 points. Combination of the three scores after @entity3 treatment (6.4        1.2) showed a significant increase (P   =   0.020) compared to pre-treatment scores (5.2        1.5). Western blotting for @entity5 showed increased @entity5 -I and @entity5 -II expression after @entity3 treatment. The present study proved that autophagy monitoring by immunohistochemical staining of surgical specimens was feasible. These results suggest that autophagy is induced by @entity3 .

title: Induction of autophagy in @entity2 treated XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 (sclerosing) responses to a variety of @entity2 have been documented but rarely evaluated in association with primary @entity6 ( @entity10 ). We report a distinctive variant of @entity10 demonstrating an infiltrative growth pattern and @entity9 . METHODS: Cases were identified through a retrospective review of our dermatopathology and dermatologic surgery databases. After initiation of the study, additional cases were identified prospectively. Neoplasms were scored microscopically for specific histopathologic parameters and reactivity with selected histochemical and immunohistochemical stains. Clinical follow-up data were obtained through a review of medical records or contact with the @entity0 's referring physicians. RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity4 from 72 @entity0 were identified (46 @entity0 , 26 @entity0 ; median age 76, range 45-91). The original pretreatment biopsies were available in 69 of 73 cases. All lesions developed on sun-damaged skin, with the cheek constituting the most common site. The clinical presentation was typically as a @entity8 . All @entity2 extended into the reticular dermis or subcutaneous fat, and @entity1 was identified in 53 cases (73%). @entity0 who underwent standard excisional surgery experienced a recurrence rate of 80%; 9% of those treated with micrographic surgery experienced postoperative recurrences. @entity1 or @entity5 was not observed in any @entity0 during the follow-up period (median 36 months). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that desmoplasia is uncommonly found in association with cutaneous @entity10 but helps define a @entity3 . In light of the infiltrative nature of desmoplastic @entity10 of the skin and the high incidence of @entity1 , micrographic surgery is the surgical modality of choice.

title: XXXX , an underemphasized locally aggressive variant: a 20-year experience.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The metabolic and mechanical effects of a solution of @entity2 -insulin- @entity7 (G-I-K) were investigated in 18 @entity0 who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization for @entity3 . All @entity0 were paced at a rate of approximately 140 beats/min before and after infusion of G-I-K. Basal and paced left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure, dP/dt, arterial substrate levels and osmolarity were measured in all 18 @entity0 . In 13 @entity0 cardiac index was also measured. In 5 @entity0 arterial-coronary sinus measurements of @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity2 , free @entity11 , @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity12 , @entity9 , @entity13 and @entity8 were made, in addition to coronary sinus blood flow. G-I-K increased the blood sugar level to approximately 200 mg/dl and raised the serum osmolarity 9 mosmol. Pacing alone raised the cardiac index 4% and pacing with G-I-K increased the cardiac index 6% (p less than 0.05). Pacing before G-I-K augmented dP/dt (21%) and pacing with G-I-K increased it (30%) (p less than 0.01). The metabolic changes noted included a shift in the respiratory quotient from 0.77 to 0.96 with G-I-K infusion (p less than 0.05). During G-I-K infusion the myocardial @entity1 consumption at rest increased from 17.1 to 21.8 ml/min (23%, p less than 0.05). Myocardial @entity1 consumption during pacing was similar before and after G-I-K infusion. Before G-I-K infusion @entity10 balance was slightly positive; after G-I-K infusion it was negative with regard to the @entity10 -containing compounds measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Improved myocardial contractility with @entity2 -insulin- XXXX infusion during pacing in @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The metabolic and mechanical effects of a solution of @entity2 -insulin- @entity7 (G-I-K) were investigated in 18 @entity0 who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization for @entity3 . All @entity0 were paced at a rate of approximately 140 beats/min before and after infusion of G-I-K. Basal and paced left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure, dP/dt, arterial substrate levels and osmolarity were measured in all 18 @entity0 . In 13 @entity0 cardiac index was also measured. In 5 @entity0 arterial-coronary sinus measurements of @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity2 , free @entity11 , @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity12 , @entity9 , @entity13 and @entity8 were made, in addition to coronary sinus blood flow. G-I-K increased the blood sugar level to approximately 200 mg/dl and raised the serum osmolarity 9 mosmol. Pacing alone raised the cardiac index 4% and pacing with G-I-K increased the cardiac index 6% (p less than 0.05). Pacing before G-I-K augmented dP/dt (21%) and pacing with G-I-K increased it (30%) (p less than 0.01). The metabolic changes noted included a shift in the respiratory quotient from 0.77 to 0.96 with G-I-K infusion (p less than 0.05). During G-I-K infusion the myocardial @entity1 consumption at rest increased from 17.1 to 21.8 ml/min (23%, p less than 0.05). Myocardial @entity1 consumption during pacing was similar before and after G-I-K infusion. Before G-I-K infusion @entity10 balance was slightly positive; after G-I-K infusion it was negative with regard to the @entity10 -containing compounds measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Improved myocardial contractility with XXXX -insulin- @entity7 infusion during pacing in @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The metabolic and mechanical effects of a solution of @entity2 -insulin- @entity7 (G-I-K) were investigated in 18 @entity0 who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization for @entity3 . All @entity0 were paced at a rate of approximately 140 beats/min before and after infusion of G-I-K. Basal and paced left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure, dP/dt, arterial substrate levels and osmolarity were measured in all 18 @entity0 . In 13 @entity0 cardiac index was also measured. In 5 @entity0 arterial-coronary sinus measurements of @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity2 , free @entity11 , @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity12 , @entity9 , @entity13 and @entity8 were made, in addition to coronary sinus blood flow. G-I-K increased the blood sugar level to approximately 200 mg/dl and raised the serum osmolarity 9 mosmol. Pacing alone raised the cardiac index 4% and pacing with G-I-K increased the cardiac index 6% (p less than 0.05). Pacing before G-I-K augmented dP/dt (21%) and pacing with G-I-K increased it (30%) (p less than 0.01). The metabolic changes noted included a shift in the respiratory quotient from 0.77 to 0.96 with G-I-K infusion (p less than 0.05). During G-I-K infusion the myocardial @entity1 consumption at rest increased from 17.1 to 21.8 ml/min (23%, p less than 0.05). Myocardial @entity1 consumption during pacing was similar before and after G-I-K infusion. Before G-I-K infusion @entity10 balance was slightly positive; after G-I-K infusion it was negative with regard to the @entity10 -containing compounds measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Improved myocardial contractility with @entity2 -insulin- @entity7 infusion during pacing in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) was compared to the microscopic agglutination test (MA test) for the diagnosis of @entity0 @entity4 . Of 177 sera from 68 soldiers who trained in the Republic of Panama, 102 sera were positive in the MA test and 93 of these sera were positive in the IgM-specific Dot-ELISA. Incidence of @entity2 was 50 of 68 @entity0 with the MA test and 48 of 68 in the IgM Dot-ELISA. Five MA test-positive sera were reactive only in the IgG-specific Dot-ELISA, suggesting previous exposure. All 21 infecting serovars of @entity5 , as determined by positive reactions in the MA test or culture of blood and urine specimens, were reactive in the Dot-ELISA. Of 75 sera negative in the MA test, 61 were nonreactive in the Dot-ELISA. However, 9 of these 14 Dot-ELISA-positive/MA test-negative sera were acute samples from @entity0 whose later sera were MA test-positive. Positive reactions in the IgM Dot-ELISA occurred in 2 of 30 control, 4 of 10 Lyme disease, 1 of 11 relapsing @entity1 , and 1 of 8 yaws sera; 10 @entity3 @entity0 sera were nonreactive. The IgM-specific Dot-ELISA appears to be sensitive and specific for the serodiagnosis of acute @entity4 . In addition, this rapid test is inexpensive, simple to perform, utilizes minute volumes of killed leptospiral antigen and is easily adaptable to field use.

title: Rapid serodiagnosis of XXXX using the IgM-specific Dot-ELISA: comparison with the microscopic agglutination test.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tenocytes have been implicated in the development of @entity3 , a chronic condition commonly seen in musculoskeletal overuse syndromes. However, the relation between abnormal tenocyte morphology and early changes in the fibrillar collagen matrix has not been closely examined in vivo. Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a recently developed technique which allows examination of fibrillar collagen structures with a high degree of specificity and resolution. The goal of this study was to examine the potential utility of SHG and multiphoton excitation fluorescence (MPEF) microscopy in understanding the relation between tenocytes and their surrounding collagenous matrix in early @entity1 . METHODS: Histological preparations of tendon were prepared from adult male @entity0 subjected to an Achilles tendon loading protocol for 12 weeks ( @entity0 -A-PED), or from sedentary age-matched cage controls. Second harmonic generation and multiphoton excitation fluorescence were performed simultaneously on these tissue sections in at least three different areas. RESULTS: SHG microscopy revealed an association between abnormal tenocyte morphology and morphological changes in the fibrillar collagen matrix of mechanically loaded Achilles tendons. Collagen density and organization was significantly reduced in focal micro-regions of mechanically loaded tendons. These pathological changes occurred specifically in association with altered tenocyte morphology. Normal tendons displayed a regular distribution of fibre bundles, and the average size of these bundles as determined by Gaussian analysis was 0.47  m    0.02. In comparison, fibre bundle measures from tendon regions in the vicinity of abnormal tenocytes could not be quantified due to a reduction in their regularity of distribution and orientation. CONCLUSIONS: SHG microscopy allowed high resolution detection of focal @entity2 affecting the fibrillar collagen matrix. With ongoing repetitive loading, these tenocyte-associated focal collagen defects could predispose to the progression of overuse pathology.

title: Second harmonic generation analysis of early Achilles XXXX in response to in vivo mechanical loading.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Childhood @entity5 (cSLE) has a higher prevalence of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and there are ethnic variations in response to treatment as well as outcome of @entity7 . There are limited data on long-term outcome of @entity7 in cSLE from the Indian subcontinent. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of case records of @entity0 with cSLE (satisfying revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997 criteria for diagnosis) and age of onset <18 years was conducted from 1989 to 2013. Data on clinical features, renal involvement and biopsy findings, treatment, renal outcome, damage accrual and mortality were collected. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was defined as the need for renal replacement therapy. Actuarial @entity3 -free survival was studied as the primary outcome measure using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Among 205 @entity0 with cSLE, 134 (121 @entity0 ) had evidence of @entity7 . The mean age at disease onset was 13.7        3.5 years and the mean disease duration at presentation was 1.9        2.5 years. Kidney biopsy was available for 92 @entity0 , and histology included: 13 (14.2%) Class II, 24 (26%) Class III, 43 (46.7%) Class IV and 12 (13.1%) Class V @entity7 . The mean follow-up period was 6.75        5.7 years. At last visit, 81 (60.4%) @entity0 were in complete remission, 28 (20.9%) were in partial remission, 15 (11.2%) still had active @entity6 and 10 (7.4%) had progressed to @entity3 . Almost two-thirds (62.9%) of @entity0 experienced @entity5 , and mean flare rate was 0.09 flares/ @entity0 follow-up year. Fifty-six (43.8%) @entity0 accrued damage and the mean Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC)/ACR damage score was 0.79        1.13. Actuarial @entity3 -free survival at five, 10 and 15 years was 91.1%, 79% and 76.2%, and five-, 10- and 15-year renal survival was 93.8%, 87.1% and 84%, respectively. Although multiple factors individually predicted poor outcome ( @entity1 / @entity3 ), only raised serum @entity4 at onset (R square   =   0.65, p    <=   0.0001) and damage accrual (R square   =   0.62, p    <=   0.0001) remained significant on multivariate analysis. Eleven (8.2%) @entity0 died during the follow-up period, and @entity2 were the leading cause of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term outcome of @entity7 in cSLE in our cohort was better than previous reports from India. However, a high rate of major @entity2 still remains the leading cause of mortality.

title: Outcome of @entity7 in childhood onset XXXX in North and Central India: single-centre experience over 25 years.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Childhood @entity5 (cSLE) has a higher prevalence of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and there are ethnic variations in response to treatment as well as outcome of @entity7 . There are limited data on long-term outcome of @entity7 in cSLE from the Indian subcontinent. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of case records of @entity0 with cSLE (satisfying revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997 criteria for diagnosis) and age of onset <18 years was conducted from 1989 to 2013. Data on clinical features, renal involvement and biopsy findings, treatment, renal outcome, damage accrual and mortality were collected. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was defined as the need for renal replacement therapy. Actuarial @entity3 -free survival was studied as the primary outcome measure using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Among 205 @entity0 with cSLE, 134 (121 @entity0 ) had evidence of @entity7 . The mean age at disease onset was 13.7        3.5 years and the mean disease duration at presentation was 1.9        2.5 years. Kidney biopsy was available for 92 @entity0 , and histology included: 13 (14.2%) Class II, 24 (26%) Class III, 43 (46.7%) Class IV and 12 (13.1%) Class V @entity7 . The mean follow-up period was 6.75        5.7 years. At last visit, 81 (60.4%) @entity0 were in complete remission, 28 (20.9%) were in partial remission, 15 (11.2%) still had active @entity6 and 10 (7.4%) had progressed to @entity3 . Almost two-thirds (62.9%) of @entity0 experienced @entity5 , and mean flare rate was 0.09 flares/ @entity0 follow-up year. Fifty-six (43.8%) @entity0 accrued damage and the mean Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC)/ACR damage score was 0.79        1.13. Actuarial @entity3 -free survival at five, 10 and 15 years was 91.1%, 79% and 76.2%, and five-, 10- and 15-year renal survival was 93.8%, 87.1% and 84%, respectively. Although multiple factors individually predicted poor outcome ( @entity1 / @entity3 ), only raised serum @entity4 at onset (R square   =   0.65, p    <=   0.0001) and damage accrual (R square   =   0.62, p    <=   0.0001) remained significant on multivariate analysis. Eleven (8.2%) @entity0 died during the follow-up period, and @entity2 were the leading cause of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term outcome of @entity7 in cSLE in our cohort was better than previous reports from India. However, a high rate of major @entity2 still remains the leading cause of mortality.

title: Outcome of XXXX in childhood onset @entity5 in North and Central India: single-centre experience over 25 years.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Quantitative description of @entity1 is desirable to assist in detecting @entity0 from gated myocardial perfusion (GMP) emission computed tomography (ECT) images. While "optical flow" type of @entity1 estimation (ME) techniques have been developed in the past, there has been no quantitative evaluation of their performance. Moreover, no investigation has been performed in terms of applying an ME technique to quantify @entity1 . Using the four-dimensional NCAT beating heart phantom with known built-in motion, the current work aimed at addressing the aforementioned two issues. A three-dimensional cardiac ME technique was developed to search for a @entity2 ( @entity2 ) that establishes voxel-by-voxel correspondence between two GMP ECT images. The weighted myocardial strain energy served as the constraint in the process to minimize the difference between one intensity image and the @entity2 warped other. We studied the convergence of the ME technique using different initial estimates and cost functions. The dependence of estimated @entity2 on the initialization was attributed to the tangential motion that is undetectable while not suppressed by the strain energy constraint. We optimized the strain energy constraint weighting using noise-free phantom images and noisy reconstructed images, the former against the known @entity2 and the later in the task of regional motion classification. While the results from the above two studies well coincide with each other, we also demonstrated that upon appropriate optimization the ME method has the capability of serving as a computer motion observer in separating simulated noisy reconstructed GMP SPECT images corresponding to hearts with and without regional motion abnormalities.

title: Quantitative study of XXXX estimation and abnormality classification in emission computed tomography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity15 can be a marker of an underlying disease. We report a 52 years-old male with @entity2 who consulted for an episode of @entity7 and @entity8 lasting four days. His baseline serum @entity13 was 118 mEq/L. He had no @entity3 . @entity15 was initially interpreted in context of gastrointestinal fluid loss but correction with saline solution was poor. His urine @entity13 was 105 mEq/L and his urine osmolality was 281 mOsm/L, so an Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone Syndrome was suspected. Later, we found that the @entity0 had a two year history of @entity12 , @entity9 , @entity10 , frequent @entity7 , @entity8 and @entity6 , loss of libido and decreased axillary and pubic hair. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was normal and serum @entity11 < 1   g/dL. A CT scan showed a sellar mass compatible with a macroadenoma. There was also a moderately high serum prolactin and low @entity5 , thyroxin and growth hormone levels. The visual fi eld exami-nation showed right temporal @entity14 . The @entity0 was treated with @entity4 with a very good clinical response and serum @entity13 normalization. Subsequently a transsphenoidal excision of the @entity1 was performed and replacement of the other hormones was started. Now the @entity0 remains asymptomatic.

title: [Secondary adrenal insufficiency presenting as XXXX : report of one case].

answer: @entity15


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Activation of the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( @entity6 )-   has been shown to improve insulin resistance, adiposity, and plasma HDL levels. Several studies have reported that activation of @entity6   is atheroprotective; however, the role of @entity6   in renal function remains unclear. Here, we report the renoprotective effects of @entity6   activation in a model of @entity7 -induced @entity5 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 @entity1 were divided into three groups: 1) nondiabetic control @entity1 , 2) @entity0 @entity1 , and 3) @entity0 @entity1 treated with the @entity6   agonist @entity8 (1 mg/kg/day). @entity8 was administered by gavage for 8 weeks after inducing @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity8 decreased urinary albumin excretion without altering blood @entity2 levels. Macrophage infiltration, mesangial matrix accumulation, and type IV collagen deposition were substantially attenuated by @entity8 . The gene expression of inflammatory mediators in the kidney cortex, such as @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ), was also suppressed. In vitro studies demonstrated that @entity6   activation increased the expression of anti-inflammatory corepressor B-cell lymphoma-6, which subsequently suppressed @entity4 and @entity3 expression. CONCLUSIONS: These findings uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism for the renoprotective effects of @entity6   agonists and support the concept that @entity6   agonists may offer a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta inhibits XXXX -induced @entity5 through anti-inflammatory mechanisms in @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Activation of the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( @entity6 )-   has been shown to improve insulin resistance, adiposity, and plasma HDL levels. Several studies have reported that activation of @entity6   is atheroprotective; however, the role of @entity6   in renal function remains unclear. Here, we report the renoprotective effects of @entity6   activation in a model of @entity7 -induced @entity5 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 @entity1 were divided into three groups: 1) nondiabetic control @entity1 , 2) @entity0 @entity1 , and 3) @entity0 @entity1 treated with the @entity6   agonist @entity8 (1 mg/kg/day). @entity8 was administered by gavage for 8 weeks after inducing @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity8 decreased urinary albumin excretion without altering blood @entity2 levels. Macrophage infiltration, mesangial matrix accumulation, and type IV collagen deposition were substantially attenuated by @entity8 . The gene expression of inflammatory mediators in the kidney cortex, such as @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ), was also suppressed. In vitro studies demonstrated that @entity6   activation increased the expression of anti-inflammatory corepressor B-cell lymphoma-6, which subsequently suppressed @entity4 and @entity3 expression. CONCLUSIONS: These findings uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism for the renoprotective effects of @entity6   agonists and support the concept that @entity6   agonists may offer a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta inhibits @entity7 -induced XXXX through anti-inflammatory mechanisms in @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Activation of the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( @entity6 )-   has been shown to improve insulin resistance, adiposity, and plasma HDL levels. Several studies have reported that activation of @entity6   is atheroprotective; however, the role of @entity6   in renal function remains unclear. Here, we report the renoprotective effects of @entity6   activation in a model of @entity7 -induced @entity5 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 @entity1 were divided into three groups: 1) nondiabetic control @entity1 , 2) @entity0 @entity1 , and 3) @entity0 @entity1 treated with the @entity6   agonist @entity8 (1 mg/kg/day). @entity8 was administered by gavage for 8 weeks after inducing @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity8 decreased urinary albumin excretion without altering blood @entity2 levels. Macrophage infiltration, mesangial matrix accumulation, and type IV collagen deposition were substantially attenuated by @entity8 . The gene expression of inflammatory mediators in the kidney cortex, such as @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ), was also suppressed. In vitro studies demonstrated that @entity6   activation increased the expression of anti-inflammatory corepressor B-cell lymphoma-6, which subsequently suppressed @entity4 and @entity3 expression. CONCLUSIONS: These findings uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism for the renoprotective effects of @entity6   agonists and support the concept that @entity6   agonists may offer a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta inhibits @entity7 -induced @entity5 through anti-inflammatory mechanisms in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The WHO guidelines on @entity1 management recommend a sequential three-step analgesic ladder. However, conclusive data are lacking as to whether moderate @entity2 should be treated with either step II weak opioids or low-dose step III strong opioids. @entity0 AND METHODS: In a multicenter, 28-day, open-label randomized controlled study, adults with moderate @entity1 were assigned to receive either a weak opioid or low-dose @entity3 . The primary outcome was the number of responder @entity0 , defined as @entity0 with a 20% reduction in @entity2 intensity on the numerical rating scale. RESULTS: A total of 240 @entity0 with @entity1 (118 in the low-dose @entity3 and 122 in the weak-opioid group) were included in the study. The primary outcome occurred in 88.2% of the low-dose @entity3 and in 57.7% of the weak-opioid group (odds risk, 6.18; 95% CI, 3.12 to 12.24; P < .001). The percentage of responder @entity0 was higher in the low-dose @entity3 group, as early as at 1 week. Clinically meaningful (>=  30%) and highly meaningful (>=  50%) @entity2 reduction from baseline was significantly higher in the low-dose @entity3 group (P < .001). A change in the assigned treatment occurred more frequently in the weak-opioid group, because of inadequate @entity4 . The general condition of @entity0 , which was based on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System overall symptom score, was better in the @entity3 group. Adverse effects were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity1 and moderate @entity2 , low-dose @entity3 reduced @entity2 intensity significantly compared with weak opioids, with a similarly good tolerability and an earlier effect.

title: Randomized Trial of Low-Dose XXXX Versus Weak Opioids in Moderate @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The WHO guidelines on @entity1 management recommend a sequential three-step analgesic ladder. However, conclusive data are lacking as to whether moderate @entity2 should be treated with either step II weak opioids or low-dose step III strong opioids. @entity0 AND METHODS: In a multicenter, 28-day, open-label randomized controlled study, adults with moderate @entity1 were assigned to receive either a weak opioid or low-dose @entity3 . The primary outcome was the number of responder @entity0 , defined as @entity0 with a 20% reduction in @entity2 intensity on the numerical rating scale. RESULTS: A total of 240 @entity0 with @entity1 (118 in the low-dose @entity3 and 122 in the weak-opioid group) were included in the study. The primary outcome occurred in 88.2% of the low-dose @entity3 and in 57.7% of the weak-opioid group (odds risk, 6.18; 95% CI, 3.12 to 12.24; P < .001). The percentage of responder @entity0 was higher in the low-dose @entity3 group, as early as at 1 week. Clinically meaningful (>=  30%) and highly meaningful (>=  50%) @entity2 reduction from baseline was significantly higher in the low-dose @entity3 group (P < .001). A change in the assigned treatment occurred more frequently in the weak-opioid group, because of inadequate @entity4 . The general condition of @entity0 , which was based on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System overall symptom score, was better in the @entity3 group. Adverse effects were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity1 and moderate @entity2 , low-dose @entity3 reduced @entity2 intensity significantly compared with weak opioids, with a similarly good tolerability and an earlier effect.

title: Randomized Trial of Low-Dose @entity3 Versus Weak Opioids in Moderate XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Exercise training is a common therapeutic approach known to antagonize the metabolic consequences of @entity1 . The aims of the present study were to examine 1) whether short-term, moderate-intensity exercise training alters the basal metabolite profile and 2) if 10 days of mild exercise training can correct @entity1 -induced shifts in metabolic spectra. After being weaned, male C57BL/6J littermates were randomly divided into two diet groups: low fat (LF) or @entity2 ( @entity2 ). After 12 wk of dietary manipulation, @entity2 animals were @entity1 and @entity3 compared with LF animals. @entity0 from each group were further divided into sedentary or exercise treatments. Exercise training consisted of wheel running exercise (2 h/day, 10 days, 5.64 m/min). After exercise training, animals were rested (36 h) and fasted (6 h) before serum collection. Samples were analyzed by high-resolution one-dimensional proton NMR. Fifty high- and medium-concentration metabolites were identified. Pattern recognition algorithms and multivariate modeling were used to identify and isolate significant metabolites changing in response to @entity2 and exercise training. The results showed that while exercise can mitigate some of the abnormal patterns in metabolic spectra induced by @entity2 diet feeding, they cannot negate it. In fact, when the effects of diet and exercise were compared, diet was a stronger predictor and had the larger influence on the metabolic profile. External validation of models showed that diet could be correctly classified with an accuracy of 89%, whereas exercise training could be classified 73% of the time. The results demonstrate metabolomics to effectively characterize @entity1 -induced perturbations in metabolism and support the concept that exercise is beneficial for this condition.

title: Metabolomic response to exercise training in lean and diet-induced XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Exercise training is a common therapeutic approach known to antagonize the metabolic consequences of @entity1 . The aims of the present study were to examine 1) whether short-term, moderate-intensity exercise training alters the basal metabolite profile and 2) if 10 days of mild exercise training can correct @entity1 -induced shifts in metabolic spectra. After being weaned, male C57BL/6J littermates were randomly divided into two diet groups: low fat (LF) or @entity2 ( @entity2 ). After 12 wk of dietary manipulation, @entity2 animals were @entity1 and @entity3 compared with LF animals. @entity0 from each group were further divided into sedentary or exercise treatments. Exercise training consisted of wheel running exercise (2 h/day, 10 days, 5.64 m/min). After exercise training, animals were rested (36 h) and fasted (6 h) before serum collection. Samples were analyzed by high-resolution one-dimensional proton NMR. Fifty high- and medium-concentration metabolites were identified. Pattern recognition algorithms and multivariate modeling were used to identify and isolate significant metabolites changing in response to @entity2 and exercise training. The results showed that while exercise can mitigate some of the abnormal patterns in metabolic spectra induced by @entity2 diet feeding, they cannot negate it. In fact, when the effects of diet and exercise were compared, diet was a stronger predictor and had the larger influence on the metabolic profile. External validation of models showed that diet could be correctly classified with an accuracy of 89%, whereas exercise training could be classified 73% of the time. The results demonstrate metabolomics to effectively characterize @entity1 -induced perturbations in metabolism and support the concept that exercise is beneficial for this condition.

title: Metabolomic response to exercise training in lean and diet-induced @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the impact of different adherence levels to the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol and the effect of various ERAS elements on outcomes following major surgery. DESIGN: Single-center prospective cohort study before and after reinforcement of an ERAS protocol. Comparisons were made both between and across periods using multivariate logistic regression. All clinical data (114 variables) were prospectively recorded. SETTING: Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. @entity0 : Nine hundred fifty-three consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 : 464 @entity0 treated in 2002 to 2004 and 489 in 2005 to 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The association between improved adherence to the ERAS protocol and the incidence of postoperative symptoms, complications, and length of stay following major @entity1 surgery was analyzed. RESULTS: Following an overall increase in preoperative and perioperative adherence to the ERAS protocol from 43.3% in 2002 to 2004 to 70.6% in 2005 to 2007, both @entity2 (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.98) and symptoms (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.70) declined significantly. Restriction of intravenous fluid and use of a preoperative @entity3 drink were major independent predictors. Across periods, the proportion of adverse postoperative outcomes (30-day morbidity, symptoms, and readmissions) was significantly reduced with increasing adherence to the ERAS protocol (>70%, >80%, and >90%) compared with low ERAS adherence (<50%). CONCLUSION: Improved adherence to the standardized multimodal ERAS protocol is significantly associated with improved clinical outcomes following major @entity1 surgery, indicating a dose-response relationship.

title: Adherence to the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol and outcomes after XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To examine the association between @entity4 ( @entity2 ) exposure and haematological effects, as well as the recovery from these haematological effects with continuous reduction in exposure to 2-ME. METHODS: Twenty nine exposed and 90 non-exposed workers were recruited. Haematological parameters, eight hour full shift personal exposure to 2-ME, and urinary @entity5 ( @entity3 ) were repeatedly measured in three consecutive surveys within six months. RESULTS: Results of haematological examination in the first exposure survey showed that haemoglobin, packed cell volume, and red blood cell count in the male exposed workers were significantly lower than those in the comparison workers. The frequency of @entity0 in the exposed group (42%) was significantly higher than that in the comparison group (3%). The haematological effects were significantly associated with the urinary @entity3 of exposed workers. The haematological effects had returned to normal in the first follow up survey 2.5 months later, when a reduction in 2-ME exposure was noted. Haematological results of the second follow up examination six months later remained normal. The mean airborne exposure of 2-ME in the three surveys dropped from 35.7 to 2.65, then to 0.55 ppm. The mean urinary @entity3 of exposed workers in the three surveys was reduced from 57.7 to 24.6, then to 13.5 mg/g @entity1 (n = 29). The reduction in exposure through both inhalation and potential dermal contact with 2-ME might account for the haematological recovery. CONCLUSION: 2-ME is a haematological toxin which leads to @entity0 in exposed workers. However, the toxic haematological effects of 2-ME persist for only a short period of time after cessation or reduction of exposure.

title: Follow up study of haematological effects in workers exposed to XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this preliminary study was to compare the application of the light emitting diode (LED) to sham LED in the treatment of @entity3 . METHODS: Eighteen subjects met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned into 2 groups: light emitting diode or sham LED. The subjects received either the LED at 12 J/cm(2) or sham LED along 2 points of the @entity2 . Subjects in both groups received a 10 minute transverse friction massage and participated in @entity2 stretching exercises. All subjects received a total of 6 treatments over 3 weeks. Progress was assessed using the lower extremity functional and analog @entity1 scale. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between treatment groups (P = .845). There was a significant difference in @entity1 and outcome scores over time within both groups (P < .35). CONCLUSION: Among @entity0 with @entity3 , the use of LED did not result in greater improvement in function or @entity1 compared with sham treatment. The findings suggest that manual intervention and passive stretching activities may have provided significant @entity1 relief and improvement in functional outcome scores.

title: Light-Emitting Diode Versus Sham in the Treatment of XXXX : A Randomized Trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity3 ) is rare in North America; however, the morbidity can be devastating. This analysis represents the first reported penile @entity1 experience at a tertiary care centre in Canada. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of all @entity0 who received care at our centre for penile @entity3 from 2005 until the present time. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected for all @entity0 . Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier methods with log-rank test and Cox regression for univariate and multivariate analysis, respectively. RESULTS: We identified 42 @entity0 who were treated at our centre for penile @entity3 . Of these, 29% underwent excisional biopsy, 38% had partial penectomy, and 33% had total penectomy. Five @entity0 with high-risk @entity1 underwent modified inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND), while 7 @entity0 had radical ILND for clinically palpable disease. Overall, the median @entity1 specific survival (CSS) was undefined, with a 60% survival at 102 months. However CSS was significantly correlated to pT stage, pN stage, and @entity1 grade. The median follow-up was 25 months (interquartile range: 11-48). CONCLUSION: These findings confirm the poor CSS of @entity0 with positive lymph nodes in penile @entity3 . @entity0 with pN0 after ILND had a durable CSS. Risk factors for penile @entity3 were confirmed as elevated body mass index, positive smoking history, and lack of circumcision. This first epidemiologic report on penile @entity3 from a Canadian tertiary care centre should be expanded to other national centres.

title: XXXX : Perspective from a Canadian tertiary care centre.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Even with the current aerobic techniques in myocardial protection, perioperative @entity3 can still occur. In this study, we sought to find out whether there is a method-specific mechanism of @entity1 in coronary bypass surgery using an on-pump beating heart technique. For this reason, we investigated localization and the extent of @entity3 in correlation to the severity of @entity8 . We discuss strategies for reduction of @entity7 incidence. METHODS: 34 @entity0 , who after isolated coronary bypass procedure developed non-Q or Q wave @entity7 were selected for the study. In 12 of 34 @entity0 (group A) beating heart technique and in 22 of 34 @entity0 (group B) @entity6 was used for myocardial protection. The study was conducted retrospectively and included @entity0 with stable, unstable, and @entity5 without preoperative enzymatic evidence of @entity1 and with technically noncomplicated coronary bypass grafting. Excluded from the study were emergency and redo procedures. In group A, in all instances, the left anterior descending artery was grafted as the last vessel and while distal anastomoses were constructed, coronary perfusion was maintained by using a perfusion catheter. RESULTS: Most @entity0 in both groups had @entity2 (10 of 12 @entity0 group A; 17 of 22 @entity0 group B), all @entity0 received complete revascularization; 7 of 12 @entity0 in group A and 5 of 22 @entity0 in group B had significant or critical left main stem @entity4 . In group A, 11 @entity7 occurred in @entity9 -(12 stenotic), 1 in CX-(11 stenotic), and 1 in RCA-(11 stenotic) supply area, four were Q wave @entity7 . In group B, eight @entity7 occurred in @entity9 (22 stenotic), four in CX (17 stenotic), and 14 in RCA (20 stenotic) supply area, eight were Q wave @entity7 . In group A, the @entity7 incidence in the @entity9 area was 10-times higher than in CX and RCA areas. In group B, the @entity7 incidence in the RCA area was 2- and 3-times higher than in the @entity9 and CX areas, respectively. In both groups no correlation between @entity7 incidence and severity of @entity4 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Using an on-pump beating heart technique, higher coronary perfusion pressures, avoidance of extreme upward retraction of the heart during revascularization of the CX-branch, as well as choosing the revascularization of the @entity9 as the first vessel, could possibly contribute to better myocardial protection. In @entity6 with cardioplegic solution, the right ventricle is probably more susceptible to @entity1 , especially when RCA is poorly collateralized. For adequate protection, choosing the revascularization of the RCA as the first vessel with immediate repeated cardioplegia via a RCA graft, higher perfusion pressures and antegrade with retrograde cardioplegia delivery, may be advantageous.

title: XXXX in coronary bypass surgery using on-pump, beating heart technique with pressure- and volume-controlled coronary perfusion.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Investigators have documented an increase in renal artery resistance in cirrhotic @entity0 . We studied the hepatic and renal hemodynamics by color Doppler in @entity0 with @entity2 in relation to the presence and severity of @entity1 . METHODS: A prospective study was carried out in a large public hospital on 33 @entity0 with @entity2 and 11 healthy control subjects. Eleven @entity0 had no @entity1 , 12 had @entity1 and 10 had refractory @entity1 . The resistance index (RI) of the hepatic artery was measured by color Doppler on its main branch and renal artery RI was measured on the main renal, interlobar and cortical arteries of the right kidney. RESULTS: Considering intraobserver variabilities, coefficient of variation for RI was 2.3%-7.8% (mean [SD] 4.2% [1.8%]). Hepatic artery RI were 0.68 (0.07), 0.68 (0.1), 0.81 (0.04), 1.0 (0.12) in control subjects and cirhotics with no @entity1 , responsive @entity1 and refractory @entity1 , respectively. Renal RI was significantly higher than in control subjects at all three levels in @entity0 with responsive and refractory @entity1 , being higher in those with @entity1 . Renal RI decreased from hilum towards the outer parenchyma, in cirrhotics with no @entity1 and responsive @entity1 but not in refractory @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Hepatic artery RI is higher in cirrhotics and is related to presence and severity of @entity1 . In control subjects and @entity0 with no @entity1 or responsive @entity1 the renal RI decreased from hilum to the outer parenchyma.

title: Assessment of renal and hepatic hemodynamics in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevention of adhesion formation and restoration of mucociliary mucosa are major determinants of the success of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). @entity2 (VA) can promote mucociliary differentiation of respiratory epithelium. However, whether topical VA can promote sinonasal wound healing or reduce adhesion formation after ESS in @entity0 remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of topical VA on sinonasal wound healing and adhesion formation after ESS. METHODS: This is a within-subject control study. @entity0 with chronic rhinosinusitis were included. Each @entity0 underwent ESS, and topical VA was applied over the sinonasal wound. Postoperative outcomes were assessed by using the Lund-Kennedy score, and the antrostomy size was measured. In vitro wound healing assay of fibroblasts with or without VA was evaluated. Restoration of ciliated epithelium was examined by using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Thirty @entity0 were enrolled. The mean (standard deviation {SD}) scores for scarring/adhesion in the VA-treated side at 3 and 12 months after surgery (0.20    0.40 and 0.23    0.42, respectively) were significantly lower than those in the controls (0.47    0.50 and 0.53    0.62, respectively). The mean (SD) antrostomy size in the VA treated side at 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery (0.85    0.30 cm(2), 0.7    0.30 cm(2), and 0.70    0.27 cm(2), respectively) were significantly larger than those in the controls (0.79    0.26 cm(2), 0.60    0.25 cm(2), and 0.57    0.24 cm(2), respectively). Wound healing assay revealed that VA significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Scanning electron microscopy showed mature ciliated cells in the VA-treated side. CONCLUSION: Topical VA is a promising agent for sinonasal wound healing after ESS because it can promote mucociliary reepithelization, reduce adhesion, and prevent @entity1 .

title: Reduction of adhesions and XXXX with topical @entity2 after endoscopic sinus surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevention of adhesion formation and restoration of mucociliary mucosa are major determinants of the success of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). @entity2 (VA) can promote mucociliary differentiation of respiratory epithelium. However, whether topical VA can promote sinonasal wound healing or reduce adhesion formation after ESS in @entity0 remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of topical VA on sinonasal wound healing and adhesion formation after ESS. METHODS: This is a within-subject control study. @entity0 with chronic rhinosinusitis were included. Each @entity0 underwent ESS, and topical VA was applied over the sinonasal wound. Postoperative outcomes were assessed by using the Lund-Kennedy score, and the antrostomy size was measured. In vitro wound healing assay of fibroblasts with or without VA was evaluated. Restoration of ciliated epithelium was examined by using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Thirty @entity0 were enrolled. The mean (standard deviation {SD}) scores for scarring/adhesion in the VA-treated side at 3 and 12 months after surgery (0.20    0.40 and 0.23    0.42, respectively) were significantly lower than those in the controls (0.47    0.50 and 0.53    0.62, respectively). The mean (SD) antrostomy size in the VA treated side at 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery (0.85    0.30 cm(2), 0.7    0.30 cm(2), and 0.70    0.27 cm(2), respectively) were significantly larger than those in the controls (0.79    0.26 cm(2), 0.60    0.25 cm(2), and 0.57    0.24 cm(2), respectively). Wound healing assay revealed that VA significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Scanning electron microscopy showed mature ciliated cells in the VA-treated side. CONCLUSION: Topical VA is a promising agent for sinonasal wound healing after ESS because it can promote mucociliary reepithelization, reduce adhesion, and prevent @entity1 .

title: Reduction of adhesions and @entity1 with topical XXXX after endoscopic sinus surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity4 is characterized by atelectasis of the maxillary sinus in the setting of subclinical @entity3 . The resultant expansion of orbital volume causes @entity6 and hypoglobus. A review of the literature reveals only unilateral cases. The authors present a case of bilateral @entity4 presenting with chronic @entity5 . A 56-year-old @entity0 was referred for tarsorrhaphy to treat a chronic recurrent corneal @entity2 . Exam revealed an area of corneal thinning in the left eye. The @entity0 appeared cachectic and there was @entity6 , hypoglobus, and lagophthalmos on both sides, left worse than right. Due to the @entity0 's appearance and a history of sinonasal @entity1 , recurrent @entity1 was suspected. A systemic workup was unrevealing, and radiographic studies showed the features of @entity4 bilaterally. The @entity0 underwent sinus surgery and placement of a left orbital floor implant.

title: A case of bilateral @entity4 presenting with chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The @entity4 is characterized by atelectasis of the maxillary sinus in the setting of subclinical @entity3 . The resultant expansion of orbital volume causes @entity6 and hypoglobus. A review of the literature reveals only unilateral cases. The authors present a case of bilateral @entity4 presenting with chronic @entity5 . A 56-year-old @entity0 was referred for tarsorrhaphy to treat a chronic recurrent corneal @entity2 . Exam revealed an area of corneal thinning in the left eye. The @entity0 appeared cachectic and there was @entity6 , hypoglobus, and lagophthalmos on both sides, left worse than right. Due to the @entity0 's appearance and a history of sinonasal @entity1 , recurrent @entity1 was suspected. A systemic workup was unrevealing, and radiographic studies showed the features of @entity4 bilaterally. The @entity0 underwent sinus surgery and placement of a left orbital floor implant.

title: A case of bilateral XXXX presenting with chronic @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) after manipulation under anaesthesia (MUA) for post-operative stiffness with a matched cohort of @entity2 @entity0 who did not requre MUA. In total 72 @entity0 (mean age 59.8 years, 42 to 83) who underwent MUA following @entity2 were identified from our prospective database and compared with a matched cohort of @entity0 who had undergone @entity2 without subsequent MUA. @entity0 were evaluated for range of movement (ROM) and clinical outcome scores (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, Short-Form Health Survey, and Knee Society Clinical Rating System) at a mean follow-up of 36.4 months (12 to 120). MUA took place at a mean of nine weeks (5 to 18) after @entity2 . In @entity0 who required MUA, mean @entity1 improved from 10   (0   to 25  ) to 4.4   (0   to 15  ) (p < 0.001), and mean range of flexion improved from 79.8   (65   to 95  ) to 116   (80   to 130  ) (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in ROM or functional outcome scores at three months, one year, or two years between those who required MUA and those who did not. There were no complications associated with manipulation. At most recent follow-up, @entity0 requiring MUA achieved equivalent ROM and clinical outcome scores when compared with a matched control group. While other studies have focused on ROM after manipulation, the current study adds to current literature by supplementing this with functional outcome scores. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1640-4.

title: Knee manipulation under anaesthetic following XXXX : a matched cohort design.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is uncommon in youth and few cases are treated surgically. Very few outcome studies exist for @entity2 surgery in this age group. Our aim was to explore differences in gender in pre-operative level of disability and outcome of surgery for @entity2 in @entity0 aged  <= 20 years using prospectively collected data. From the national Swedish SweSpine register we identified 180 @entity0 with one-year and 108 with two-year follow-up data  <= 20 years of age, who between the years 2000 and 2010 had a primary operation for @entity2 . Both male and female @entity0 reported pronounced impairment before the operation in all @entity0 reported outcome measures, with female @entity0 experiencing significantly greater back @entity1 , having greater analgesic requirements and reporting significantly inferior scores in EuroQol (EQ-5D-index), EQ-visual analogue scale, most aspects of Short Form-36 and Oswestry Disabilities Index, when compared with male @entity0 . Surgery conferred a statistically significant improvement in all registered parameters, with few gender discrepancies. Quality of life at one year following surgery normalised in both males and females and only eight @entity0 (4.5%) were dissatisfied with the outcome. Virtually all parameters were stable between the one- and two-year follow-up examination. @entity2 surgery leads to normal health and a favourable outcome in both male and female @entity0 aged 20 years or younger, who failed to recover after non-operative management. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1675-82.

title: Outcome of surgical treatment of XXXX in young individuals.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the association of concomitant @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with disease recurrence and @entity2 in a multi-institutional series of @entity0 treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract @entity3 (UTUC). METHODS: We collected retrospectively the data of 772 @entity0 treated with RNU and ipsilateral bladder cuff excision at 9 international institutions in Asia, Europe, and Northern America from 1987 to 2008. Surgical specimens were processed according to standard pathologic procedures at each institution. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models addressed time to recurrence and @entity2 -specific mortality. RESULTS: Concomitant @entity4 was present in 88 @entity0 (11.4%); it was associated with more advanced pathologic stage, higher @entity2 grade, and presence of @entity1 (all P-values  <  0.05). The five-year recurrence-free ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) estimates were 74.4 and 76.3%, respectively, in the absence of @entity4 compared with 56.4 and 59.9%, respectively, in the presence of @entity4 (P-values  <  0.0001 for @entity5 and 0.002 for @entity2 , respectively). On multivariable Cox regression analyses, concomitant @entity4 was an independent predictor of both @entity5 (hazard ratio (HR): 1.9; P  =  0.007) and @entity2 (HR: 1.7, P  =  0.048). Similar findings were reconfirmed in subgroups analyses limited to T2, organ confined, and N0/Nx UTUC, or @entity0 who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of concomitant @entity4 is an independent predictor of both @entity5 and @entity2 in @entity0 treated with RNU for UTUC. This information may be useful in risk stratification of UTUC @entity0 for follow-up and additional therapy.

title: Concomitant @entity4 as an independent prognostic parameter for recurrence and survival in upper tract XXXX : a multicenter analysis of 772 @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the association of concomitant @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with disease recurrence and @entity2 in a multi-institutional series of @entity0 treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract @entity3 (UTUC). METHODS: We collected retrospectively the data of 772 @entity0 treated with RNU and ipsilateral bladder cuff excision at 9 international institutions in Asia, Europe, and Northern America from 1987 to 2008. Surgical specimens were processed according to standard pathologic procedures at each institution. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models addressed time to recurrence and @entity2 -specific mortality. RESULTS: Concomitant @entity4 was present in 88 @entity0 (11.4%); it was associated with more advanced pathologic stage, higher @entity2 grade, and presence of @entity1 (all P-values  <  0.05). The five-year recurrence-free ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) estimates were 74.4 and 76.3%, respectively, in the absence of @entity4 compared with 56.4 and 59.9%, respectively, in the presence of @entity4 (P-values  <  0.0001 for @entity5 and 0.002 for @entity2 , respectively). On multivariable Cox regression analyses, concomitant @entity4 was an independent predictor of both @entity5 (hazard ratio (HR): 1.9; P  =  0.007) and @entity2 (HR: 1.7, P  =  0.048). Similar findings were reconfirmed in subgroups analyses limited to T2, organ confined, and N0/Nx UTUC, or @entity0 who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of concomitant @entity4 is an independent predictor of both @entity5 and @entity2 in @entity0 treated with RNU for UTUC. This information may be useful in risk stratification of UTUC @entity0 for follow-up and additional therapy.

title: Concomitant XXXX as an independent prognostic parameter for recurrence and survival in upper tract @entity3 : a multicenter analysis of 772 @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the association of concomitant @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with disease recurrence and @entity2 in a multi-institutional series of @entity0 treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract @entity3 (UTUC). METHODS: We collected retrospectively the data of 772 @entity0 treated with RNU and ipsilateral bladder cuff excision at 9 international institutions in Asia, Europe, and Northern America from 1987 to 2008. Surgical specimens were processed according to standard pathologic procedures at each institution. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models addressed time to recurrence and @entity2 -specific mortality. RESULTS: Concomitant @entity4 was present in 88 @entity0 (11.4%); it was associated with more advanced pathologic stage, higher @entity2 grade, and presence of @entity1 (all P-values  <  0.05). The five-year recurrence-free ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) estimates were 74.4 and 76.3%, respectively, in the absence of @entity4 compared with 56.4 and 59.9%, respectively, in the presence of @entity4 (P-values  <  0.0001 for @entity5 and 0.002 for @entity2 , respectively). On multivariable Cox regression analyses, concomitant @entity4 was an independent predictor of both @entity5 (hazard ratio (HR): 1.9; P  =  0.007) and @entity2 (HR: 1.7, P  =  0.048). Similar findings were reconfirmed in subgroups analyses limited to T2, organ confined, and N0/Nx UTUC, or @entity0 who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of concomitant @entity4 is an independent predictor of both @entity5 and @entity2 in @entity0 treated with RNU for UTUC. This information may be useful in risk stratification of UTUC @entity0 for follow-up and additional therapy.

title: Concomitant @entity4 as an independent prognostic parameter for recurrence and survival in upper tract @entity3 : a multicenter analysis of 772 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Several risk stratification systems have been proposed for predicting development of @entity5 . However, little has been published that assesses their similarities and disparities, diagnostic accuracy and evidence level. Consequently, we conducted a systematic review of the existing stratification systems. METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE database for studies (published until April 2010) describing the creation and validation of risk stratification systems for prediction of @entity5 development. RESULTS: We included 13 studies describing or evaluating the following different risk degree stratification systems: University of Texas; International Working Group on @entity1 Foot; Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN); American @entity1 Association; and Boyko and colleagues. We confirmed that five variables were included in almost all the systems: @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity6 , and previous foot @entity2 and amputation. The number of variables included ranged from four to eight and the number of risk groups from two to six. Only four studies reported or allowed the calculation of diagnostic accuracy measures. The SIGN system showed some higher diagnostic accuracy values, particularly positive likelihood ratio, while predictive ability was confirmed through external validation only in the system of Boyko et al. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Foot @entity2 risk stratification systems are a much needed tool for screening @entity0 with @entity1 . The core variables of various systems are very similar, but the number of included variables in each model and risk groups varied greatly. Overall, the quality of evidence for these systems is low, as little validation of their predictive ability has been done.

title: Risk stratification systems for XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Estimation of left-sided @entity3 has been obtained using the ratio of left- to right- @entity1 counts, i.e., the regurgitant index. The present study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of the regurgitant index in identifying @entity0 with isolated right-sided @entity3 . We identified 12 @entity0 with tricuspid or @entity2 by at least two of the following criteria: pulsatile liver, positive Carvallo's sign, and @entity5 . In 9 of the 12 @entity0 , the right-sided insufficiency was confirmed by catheterization or contrast echocardiography and flow-directed pulsed-echo Doppler. The regurgitant index in @entity0 with right-sided insufficiency was 0.59 +/- 0.23. This was significantly different from @entity0 with left-sided insufficiency (3.09 +/- 0.8; P less than 0.001) and from control subjects (1.49 +/- 0.32; P less than 0.001). In 11 of the 12 @entity0 with right-sided regurgitant lesions, the regurgitant index was less than 1.0. The hepatic expansion fraction, a possible correlate of an expansile liver, has previously been found to be both sensitive and specific for the detection of @entity0 with right-sided regurgitation. We calculated the hepatic expansion fraction in 6 @entity0 with @entity4 (including 3 with pulsatile livers) and 5 controls using the method of Handler et al.. In the present study, the hepatic expansion fraction in @entity4 @entity0 was 4.3% as compared to 4.1% in normals (P = NS). In summary, this study suggests that the regurgitant index may be a sensitive tool for the diagnosis of right-sided regurgitant lesions, while the hepatic expansion fraction does not appear to be useful for identifying @entity4 .

title: Inversion of the radionuclide regurgitant index in right-sided XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility and the innocuity of the treatment by radiofrequency of @entity7 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: From June 2000 to September 2001, 10 @entity7 in 6 @entity0 were treated by radiofrequency. The mean age of the @entity0 was 57 years. The mean @entity1 diameter was 20 mm. Indications for partial surgery were 3 solitary kidneys, one @entity0 with @entity4 , one @entity0 with @entity5 and one @entity0 in whom several @entity6 were @entity2 . 4 @entity0 were treated via a lumbar incision and 2 were treated percutaneously (one with ultrasound guidance and the other with computed tomography guidance). @entity0 were reviewed by imaging (CT and/or MRI) with injection of contrast agent to demonstrate complete devascularization of the @entity1 . RESULTS: Treatment lasted an average of 180 minutes. The intraoperative complication rate was 16%. The mean hospital stay was 9 days (4 days for the percutaneous route). Nine @entity1 (5 @entity0 ) were devascularized after a single session. One @entity0 (treated via the percutaneous route under ultrasound guidance) showed persistence of @entity1 tissue (identified by CT). A second session, performed 4 months later, allowed complete devascularization of the @entity1 . The mean follow-up is 13 months. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the feasibility and safety in terms of renal function of radiofrequency treatment of @entity7 . However further studies are necessary to precisely define the radiological criteria of @entity1 @entity3 and to evaluate the long-term results of this method (outcome of @entity1 tissue, metastatic risk, @entity1 recurrence along the needle track in the case of a percutaneous approach). This treatment must be reserved for selected @entity0 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX with radiofrequency: preliminary results].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Ten @entity1 @entity0 were treated with partially pure alpha interferon ( @entity2 ) at doses ranging from 3-9 X 10(6) units administered intramuscularly daily. Of these @entity0 , three @entity0 with disease stages 0, 1, and 3 (and @entity3 ), respectively, responded with partial remissions lasting from 10 to 24+ months; four additional @entity0 had minor responses. Among those responding, modulation of @entity1 , surface immunoglobulins, and surface antigens were observed in four @entity0 . These changes included a decline in the proportion of B cells bearing surface immunoglobulin without change in the number of the B cells. Likewise, a decline in the proportion of B cells bearing T-1 antigen was observed in three @entity0 . Increase in the percentage of T cells, primarily the T helper cells, was seen in two of the responding @entity0 . Specific binding of alpha interferon was demonstrated prior to therapy in @entity1 cells of all @entity0 . This binding declined rapidly following treatment with @entity2 . Induction of the enzyme 2'5' oligoisoadenylate synthetase was examined in @entity1 @entity0 prior to and during therapy with @entity2 . Variable levels of the enzyme were induced in all @entity0 on therapy; however, only minimal induction was observed in two of three @entity0 failing therapy.

title: Clinical and laboratory changes induced by alpha interferon in XXXX --a pilot study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Treatment related morbidity, recorded in @entity0 entered onto a RTOG phase III study (testing the value of periaortic irradiation in locally advanced @entity2 ), has been correlated with radiotherapeutic parameters to identify and quantify the relationship with treatment volumes, doses, and techniques. Between 1976 and 1983 a total of 526 analyzable cases were entered onto the study. The study design entailed randomization to either pelvic irradiation followed by a prostate boost or pelvic and periaortic irradiation followed by a prostate boost. Periaortic irradiation was not associated with a significantly increased incidence of @entity1 manifested by @entity3 . No correlation between the total dose to the regional lymphatics (ranging from 4400 to 5100 cGy) and the incidence of bowel and @entity4 could be established. Doses to the prostate in excess of 7000 cGy have not resulted in a significantly increased incidence of @entity4 , but have been associated with a significant increase in the incidence of @entity1 manifested by @entity3 . The techniques of pelvic irradiation did not seem to significantly influence the incidence of bowel or @entity4 . The technique of delivery of the prostatic boost did seem to influence the incidence of @entity1 . This refers to the lateral boost technique and the perineal boost technique which have been associated with a higher incidence of @entity3 . All of the conclusions based on this analysis are applicable only to treatment volumes and dose ranges used in this study and to conventional fractionation of 180 to 200 cGy per day.

title: Correlation of radiotherapeutic parameters and treatment related morbidity in XXXX --analysis of RTOG study 75-06.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We report the case of a 34-year-old @entity0 who exhibited acute deterioration in her condition after cerebral angiography for evaluation of a large @entity5 . She had undergone surgery and irradiation for a @entity2 in the right occipital lobe 23 years before this episode. She experienced incapacity at work. On @entity6 , a large @entity5 was detected on the left frontal convexity; this @entity1 was thought to be radiation-induced. Cerebral angiography was performed to assess the vascularization of the @entity1 . Her condition began to deteriorate 2.5 h after the cerebral angiography. CT revealed an increase in the mass of the @entity1 , and a high density area in the @entity1 . We immediately removed the @entity1 . Histopathological examination revealed the @entity1 to be a @entity5 . New @entity4 foci were identified in the @entity1 . In addition, macrophages containing hemosiderin were detected, and some of the @entity1 vessels exhibited @entity3 . We suspected that angiography triggered @entity4 in the @entity5 , which was already predisposed to @entity4 .

title: [Exacerbation of radiation induced XXXX due to @entity4 after cerebral angiography: a case report].

answer: @entity5