abstract: This study compared the impact on @entity3 metabolism of two combinedoral contraceptives (COCs). This open-label, single-center trial enrolled @entity0 for a total of 15 cycles. Thirty-six @entity0 were randomized to receive either 20 microg @entity5 (EE) and 75 microg gestodene (GSD) or 20 microg @entity5 and 150 microg @entity8 ( @entity7 ) daily for 21 days out of 28. A @entity2 tolerance test was performed at baseline and cycles 6 and 13. The area under the curve (AUC) for @entity2 increased in both study groups. The change was statistically significant (p = 0.036) for the 20 EE/75 GSD group at cycle 6 versus baseline. Fasting blood @entity2 at cycle 13 was significantly (p < 0.01) higher for both treatment groups compared to baseline. No changes were found for fasting insulin and fasting @entity6 levels or for the AUCs of insulin or @entity6 . Both regimens were well tolerated. @entity4 and @entity8 in combination with 20-microg @entity5 induce similar changes in @entity3 metabolism which are smaller than those described earlier for COCs containing higher @entity1 doses or more androgenic progestins such as levonorgestrel.

title: Randomized controlled study of the influence of two low @entity1 dose oral contraceptives containing @entity4 or @entity8 on XXXX metabolism.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The fate of 75Se-labelled parasites and their released pre-synthesized macromolecules has been followed in three @entity0 @entity2 models. Parasite numbers in specific tissues were determined by autoradiography, and released material was estimated by gamma-counting of tissues, with adjustment for the presence of parasite-associated radiolabel. Marked differences were found between the three models. The pattern of migration of normal schistosomula was similar to that previously reported. In addition we have described the transit of parasites through the lymph nodes draining the @entity2 site. Significant quantities of released material were detected in the skin, draining lymph nodes, bloodstream and liver. The circulating material was of parasite origin, macromolecular, and hence potentially antigenic. In comparison to the normal @entity3 (inducing a high level of resistance to challenge) persisted in the skin, draining lymph nodes and lungs, releasing a proportionally greater amount of material in the nodes. In @entity0 exposed to attenuated parasites and treated with the compound @entity4 at 24 h (inducing a low level of resistance) there was an early @entity1 and rapid clearance of the parasites whilst still in the skin. This situation resulted in the highest levels of released material in the skin, bloodstream and liver, but negligible levels in the draining lymph nodes. We suggest that the persistence of radiation-attenuated parasites in the skin and draining lymph nodes, together with the prolonged release of antigen in the latter site, compared to the normal situation, are major factors in the induction of resistance.

title: Antigen localization and the induction of resistance in XXXX vaccinated with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of @entity1 resistance among @entity2 and Camp. coli isolates from Danish poultry at the farm level, as well as for the whole country. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data and isolates were collected from a national surveillance of @entity2 in poultry. @entity1 resistance was investigated by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to @entity0 and @entity3 . Among Camp. @entity2 and Camp. coli combined, 7.5% were resistant to @entity0 . @entity1 resistance varied considerably from farm to farm, with 0% on some farms and almost 100% on others, but the resistance was evenly distributed geographically. With respect to isolates from farms where resistance was detected, @entity1 resistance was higher among Camp. coli (28.7%) than among Camp. @entity2 (11.3%). PFGE typing of @entity1 -resistant and @entity1 -susceptible isolates from four farms indicated that certain resistant isolates belonged to specific clones that were able to persist on the farms during several rotations, even in the absence of selective pressure. Some clones were present and repeatedly isolated in both a @entity1 -susceptible and @entity1 -resistant variant. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, @entity1 resistance among @entity2 isolates from Danish broilers was 7.5% in 1998 and 1999; it was higher among Camp. coli than Camp. @entity2 . Genetic diversity among resistant isolates was lower than among susceptible isolates, and certain clones existed in both a resistant and a susceptible variant. Some resistant clones appeared to persist on the farms and were repeatedly isolated from poultry flocks. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The study is important for the understanding of persistence and dynamics of @entity2 in broiler houses. It also highlights the extent, farm-to-farm variation and persistence of @entity1 -resistant @entity2 in broiler houses.

title: Resistance to quinolones in XXXX and Campylobacter coli from Danish broilers at farm level.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8 ( @entity8 ), particularly @entity6 , may be associated with deletion of chromosome 22q11.2. @entity10 or @entity3 is known to be a typical feature in this condition. We aimed to establish (i) the prevalence of @entity11 in fetal @entity8 and (ii) whether ultrasound assessment of an absent or hypoplastic fetal thymus helps in preselection of a group who are at high risk for this deletion. STUDY DESIGN: In fetuses (> 16 weeks) with @entity8 , karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization for 22q11.2 were offered and the fetal thymus was evaluated sonographically. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-nine fetuses with @entity8 and normal karyotype were analyzed. Seventy-six fetuses had @entity6 . 22q11.2 deletion was present in 10 cases (6.7%), all of which had @entity6 (13.1%). @entity9 or absence was suspected in 11 cases with @entity6 . Nine of these 11 had the deletion; two cases were false positive. One fetus with a normal-sized thymus had deletion of 22q11.2 (sensitivity 90%, specificity 98.5%, positive predictive value 81.8%, and negative predictive value 99.2%). By subtype of @entity1 , there was deletion in four of six fetuses with interruption of the aortic arch, two of four with @entity2 , three of nine with truncus arteriosus and one of 11 cases of @entity0 . @entity4 with @entity5 (n = 7), right-sided aortic arch (n = 4), transposition of the great arteries (n = 14), double outlet right ventricle (n = 13) and other complex malpositions of the great vessels (n = 8) were not associated with the deletion. CONCLUSION: @entity9 or @entity7 may reliably be diagnosed during fetal echocardiography. The technique allows identification of a group at high risk for 22q11.2 deletion and is more specific and sensitive than by subtype of @entity1 alone.

title: Absent or hypoplastic thymus on ultrasound: a marker for deletion 22q11.2 in fetal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A variety of factors may affect the surgical outcome in @entity0 with cervical spondylotic @entity1 . The aim of this study is to analyze the prognostic factors by comparing younger and elderly @entity0 groups on the basis of preoperative radiological and clinical data. METHODS: To assess the prognostic factors after surgery had been performed, the clinical and radiological data of 64 @entity0 who underwent expansive laminoplasty were reviewed. @entity0 were classified into two groups, a younger @entity0 group (<65 yr of age; n = 29) and an elderly @entity0 group (>/=65 yr of age; n = 35). The neurological status of the @entity0 was assessed by use of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale. Radiological features were examined with computed tomographic myelography and magnetic resonance imaging. The effects of the clinical and radiological findings on neurological outcome were investigated. RESULTS: The preoperative and postoperative mean Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores in elderly @entity0 were significantly lower than those in younger @entity0 . For elderly @entity0 , the transverse area of the spinal cord at the level of maximum compression and symptom duration were the factors that predicted an excellent recovery. In contrast, the transverse area was the only predictor of excellent recovery in younger @entity0 . Age, preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, canal diameter, and an intensity change on the spinal cord were not predictive in either age range. CONCLUSION: The transverse area of the spinal cord may be a reliable predictor of excellent recovery in both younger and elderly @entity0 groups. Shorter symptom duration was an important factor in the excellent recovery of elderly @entity0 .

title: Cervical spondylotic XXXX : surgical results and factors affecting outcome with special reference to age differences.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) using @entity4 and @entity2 was studied with and without the administration of a single dose of a @entity3 antagonist, @entity9 (Ro 15-1788). Performance was compared with a reference group anaesthetized with @entity8 , @entity2 and @entity7 . All @entity0 were assessed by use of a rating scale which took into account the degree of sedation, @entity6 , comprehension and cooperation as well as temporal and spatial orientation. There was a slow recovery following TIVA with @entity5 and @entity6 lasting several hours. Administration of @entity9 1.0 mg i.v. at extubation caused a significant reduction of sedation (P less than 0.001) during the first postoperative hour, with @entity0 fully awake or only lightly sedated, but was later followed by resedation. The @entity0 of the reference group were moderately sedated during the observation period. Five and six hours postoperatively there was no difference between the groups. @entity6 was more profound in the groups that received @entity4 ; the effect of the antagonist could only be seen for 15 min after its administration. Comprehension and cooperation, as well as orientation, were equally good in the antagonist and in the reference group during the immediate postoperative period, whereas in the TIVA group a gradual improvement over the first hours was seen. In the antagonist group there was no increase in the number of analgesic requirements, no @entity1 or other adverse effects. It is concluded that @entity9 offers an improvement in postoperative performance following TIVA induced by @entity4 and @entity2 , but the effects are of short duration.

title: Effects of the XXXX antagonist @entity9 on postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia with @entity4 and @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) using @entity4 and @entity2 was studied with and without the administration of a single dose of a @entity3 antagonist, @entity9 (Ro 15-1788). Performance was compared with a reference group anaesthetized with @entity8 , @entity2 and @entity7 . All @entity0 were assessed by use of a rating scale which took into account the degree of sedation, @entity6 , comprehension and cooperation as well as temporal and spatial orientation. There was a slow recovery following TIVA with @entity5 and @entity6 lasting several hours. Administration of @entity9 1.0 mg i.v. at extubation caused a significant reduction of sedation (P less than 0.001) during the first postoperative hour, with @entity0 fully awake or only lightly sedated, but was later followed by resedation. The @entity0 of the reference group were moderately sedated during the observation period. Five and six hours postoperatively there was no difference between the groups. @entity6 was more profound in the groups that received @entity4 ; the effect of the antagonist could only be seen for 15 min after its administration. Comprehension and cooperation, as well as orientation, were equally good in the antagonist and in the reference group during the immediate postoperative period, whereas in the TIVA group a gradual improvement over the first hours was seen. In the antagonist group there was no increase in the number of analgesic requirements, no @entity1 or other adverse effects. It is concluded that @entity9 offers an improvement in postoperative performance following TIVA induced by @entity4 and @entity2 , but the effects are of short duration.

title: Effects of the @entity3 antagonist XXXX on postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia with @entity4 and @entity2 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) using @entity4 and @entity2 was studied with and without the administration of a single dose of a @entity3 antagonist, @entity9 (Ro 15-1788). Performance was compared with a reference group anaesthetized with @entity8 , @entity2 and @entity7 . All @entity0 were assessed by use of a rating scale which took into account the degree of sedation, @entity6 , comprehension and cooperation as well as temporal and spatial orientation. There was a slow recovery following TIVA with @entity5 and @entity6 lasting several hours. Administration of @entity9 1.0 mg i.v. at extubation caused a significant reduction of sedation (P less than 0.001) during the first postoperative hour, with @entity0 fully awake or only lightly sedated, but was later followed by resedation. The @entity0 of the reference group were moderately sedated during the observation period. Five and six hours postoperatively there was no difference between the groups. @entity6 was more profound in the groups that received @entity4 ; the effect of the antagonist could only be seen for 15 min after its administration. Comprehension and cooperation, as well as orientation, were equally good in the antagonist and in the reference group during the immediate postoperative period, whereas in the TIVA group a gradual improvement over the first hours was seen. In the antagonist group there was no increase in the number of analgesic requirements, no @entity1 or other adverse effects. It is concluded that @entity9 offers an improvement in postoperative performance following TIVA induced by @entity4 and @entity2 , but the effects are of short duration.

title: Effects of the @entity3 antagonist @entity9 on postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia with @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) using @entity4 and @entity2 was studied with and without the administration of a single dose of a @entity3 antagonist, @entity9 (Ro 15-1788). Performance was compared with a reference group anaesthetized with @entity8 , @entity2 and @entity7 . All @entity0 were assessed by use of a rating scale which took into account the degree of sedation, @entity6 , comprehension and cooperation as well as temporal and spatial orientation. There was a slow recovery following TIVA with @entity5 and @entity6 lasting several hours. Administration of @entity9 1.0 mg i.v. at extubation caused a significant reduction of sedation (P less than 0.001) during the first postoperative hour, with @entity0 fully awake or only lightly sedated, but was later followed by resedation. The @entity0 of the reference group were moderately sedated during the observation period. Five and six hours postoperatively there was no difference between the groups. @entity6 was more profound in the groups that received @entity4 ; the effect of the antagonist could only be seen for 15 min after its administration. Comprehension and cooperation, as well as orientation, were equally good in the antagonist and in the reference group during the immediate postoperative period, whereas in the TIVA group a gradual improvement over the first hours was seen. In the antagonist group there was no increase in the number of analgesic requirements, no @entity1 or other adverse effects. It is concluded that @entity9 offers an improvement in postoperative performance following TIVA induced by @entity4 and @entity2 , but the effects are of short duration.

title: Effects of the @entity3 antagonist @entity9 on postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia with XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 may be associated with disruption of normal gut barrier integrity. To test this hypothesis, we assessed intestinal permeability with the nonmetabolizable, poorly absorbed disaccharide @entity5 , which is efficiently excluded by the normal intestinal mucosa. Permeability studies were performed in 15 burned @entity0 (aged 18 to 67 years; mean burn size, 40%) and 11 healthy controls. @entity5 , 10 g, was administered enterally, together with 5 g of @entity4 as a control, and urinary excretion rates were determined. @entity5 excretion and the @entity5 / @entity4 excretion ratio increased threefold (160 +/- 30 vs 57 +/- 7 mumol and 0.113 +/- 0.033 vs 0.035 +/- 0.005) in the infected @entity0 ( @entity3 score, 10 +/- 2; burn size, 38% +/- 6%). In contrast, noninfected burn @entity0 ( @entity3 score, 0) had permeability values similar to those of controls (66 +/- 10 mumol and 0.036 +/- 0.007). Permeability increased as the severity of @entity2 increased. Infection in burn @entity0 is associated with increased bowel permeability. The intestine may be a primary source of @entity3 . Alternatively, the systemic response to @entity2 may alter gut barrier function, which could facilitate translocation of bacteria and absorption of endotoxin.

title: Increased intestinal permeability associated with XXXX in burn @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 may be associated with disruption of normal gut barrier integrity. To test this hypothesis, we assessed intestinal permeability with the nonmetabolizable, poorly absorbed disaccharide @entity5 , which is efficiently excluded by the normal intestinal mucosa. Permeability studies were performed in 15 burned @entity0 (aged 18 to 67 years; mean burn size, 40%) and 11 healthy controls. @entity5 , 10 g, was administered enterally, together with 5 g of @entity4 as a control, and urinary excretion rates were determined. @entity5 excretion and the @entity5 / @entity4 excretion ratio increased threefold (160 +/- 30 vs 57 +/- 7 mumol and 0.113 +/- 0.033 vs 0.035 +/- 0.005) in the infected @entity0 ( @entity3 score, 10 +/- 2; burn size, 38% +/- 6%). In contrast, noninfected burn @entity0 ( @entity3 score, 0) had permeability values similar to those of controls (66 +/- 10 mumol and 0.036 +/- 0.007). Permeability increased as the severity of @entity2 increased. Infection in burn @entity0 is associated with increased bowel permeability. The intestine may be a primary source of @entity3 . Alternatively, the systemic response to @entity2 may alter gut barrier function, which could facilitate translocation of bacteria and absorption of endotoxin.

title: Increased intestinal permeability associated with @entity2 in burn XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Exhaled @entity3 (NO) is a marker of eosinophilic @entity1 of the airway mucosa accompanying changes in the clinical condition of @entity2 . Allergen exposure has been associated with delayed elevation of exhaled NO. The aim of this study was to assess the asthmatic airway @entity1 with exhaled NO measurements during specific bronchial challenge tests with occupational agents. Forty @entity0 with suspected @entity4 were investigated. Specific bronchial challenge tests were performed with forced expiratory volume in one second or peak expiratory flow follow-up, supplemented by exhaled NO measurements before and 24 h after challenge tests. In active challenges, which induced bronchoconstriction, a significant mean increase of exhaled NO concentration was noted. In @entity0 with a normal or slightly increased (<14.5 parts per billion (ppb)) basal NO level and a late bronchoconstriction, a significant increase in exhaled NO was seen. @entity0 with a high basal NO level (>14.5 ppb) and a significant bronchoconstriction did not show a significant NO elevation. Challenge tests without bronchoconstriction were not associated with a significant elevation of exhaled NO. Exhaled @entity3 measurements can be used to indicate the development of airway @entity1 accompanying late asthmatic reaction after bronchial challenge tests in @entity0 with a normal or slightly increased basal @entity3 concentration.

title: Exhaled @entity3 in specific challenge tests to assess XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Exhaled @entity3 (NO) is a marker of eosinophilic @entity1 of the airway mucosa accompanying changes in the clinical condition of @entity2 . Allergen exposure has been associated with delayed elevation of exhaled NO. The aim of this study was to assess the asthmatic airway @entity1 with exhaled NO measurements during specific bronchial challenge tests with occupational agents. Forty @entity0 with suspected @entity4 were investigated. Specific bronchial challenge tests were performed with forced expiratory volume in one second or peak expiratory flow follow-up, supplemented by exhaled NO measurements before and 24 h after challenge tests. In active challenges, which induced bronchoconstriction, a significant mean increase of exhaled NO concentration was noted. In @entity0 with a normal or slightly increased (<14.5 parts per billion (ppb)) basal NO level and a late bronchoconstriction, a significant increase in exhaled NO was seen. @entity0 with a high basal NO level (>14.5 ppb) and a significant bronchoconstriction did not show a significant NO elevation. Challenge tests without bronchoconstriction were not associated with a significant elevation of exhaled NO. Exhaled @entity3 measurements can be used to indicate the development of airway @entity1 accompanying late asthmatic reaction after bronchial challenge tests in @entity0 with a normal or slightly increased basal @entity3 concentration.

title: Exhaled XXXX in specific challenge tests to assess @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Pre- and perinatal conditions and processes may affect the risk for some forms of @entity1 in later life, while the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system may play a role in both early somatic growth and later carcinogenesis. Birth weight and length, and the variation of major components of the IGF system immediately after birth, were analyzed in relation to selected physiological and pathological variables. The study comprised 331 healthy full-term newborns from whom blood samples were taken during routine phlebotomy no later than the fifth day of life. Measurements of @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity6 concentrations were performed. Birth length and weight were measured and information on socio-economic and medical variables was recorded. The concentrations of all three proteins were lower when blood @entity4 levels were high, possibly as a result of compromised liver function and/or as a component of an activated acute phase reaction. Birth weight was significantly higher by about 46 g among @entity0 whose @entity3 was higher by one SD, while the associations of birth weight and length with other components of the IGF system were in the predicted directions, albeit only in trend. We conclude that in early life, growth is related to the IGF system, mostly @entity3 . The latter is lower in @entity0 with @entity5 , possibly because of @entity2 and/or as part of an acute phase reaction. We speculate that elevations of @entity3 in early life might explain the increased risk of @entity1 in individuals born with a higher birth weight.

title: Birth size and neonatal levels of major components of the IGF system: implications for later risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The surgical experience with 18 consecutive neonates with @entity3 (PS) and intact ventricular septum was reviewed. All @entity0 had cardiac catheterization with calculation of right ventricular volume. Group A @entity0 (N = 8) had a small right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV less than 72% of predicted). Group B @entity0 (N = 10) had a normal or enlarged RVEDV. All @entity0 had a closed pulmonary valvotomy. Five Group A @entity0 required a systemic-pulmonary shunt or @entity4 ( @entity5 ) after operation; one @entity0 died. Nine Group B @entity0 did well after valvotomy; one moribund @entity0 died after valvotomy and shunt. Six of 16 survivors required reoperation: valvectomy in four @entity0 and shunt takedown in two @entity0 . Four of the six @entity0 who had reoperation also had a transannular patch. There was one unrelated late @entity1 . All long-term survivors are asymptomatic. Recatheterization in four @entity0 with a small right ventricle (RV) documented significant RV growth. In conclusion, most neonates with critical PS can be managed with closed valvotomy. @entity0 with a small RV may require PGE1 or a shunt after operation for persistent @entity2 . Some @entity0 with a small RV will have significant RV growth after valvotomy.

title: Surgical intervention in neonates with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The advent of the newer 'atypical' antipsychotic medications has revolutionized the pharmacologic treatment of @entity2 and other @entity4 . In contrast to the older conventional antipsychotic agents, atypical medications have a broader spectrum of efficacy (greater efficacy in negative, cognitive, and mood symptoms) and a lower risk of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity3 . Due to concerns surrounding hematological safety and other adverse effects, @entity6 is used principally in @entity0 refractory to treatment with other antipsychotic agents. The other three universally available atypical agents ( @entity8 , @entity5 , and @entity7 ) collectively constitute about 70% of all antipsychotic prescriptions in the USA. Despite the broad popularity of these medications and their rapid adoption in general clinical practice, there are limited data on how they compare to each other with regards to their overall efficacy and also as to their efficacy in specific symptom domains. To address this question, two separate analyses were undertaken. First, all published, short-term, randomized, controlled clinical trials of these agents in @entity2 and @entity4 were reviewed and the extent of improvement across these agents was compared. While the amount of improvement with a particular agent across its different studies varied, the average improvement was similar for the agents for all efficacy parameters considered. Secondly, all randomized, controlled clinical trials directly comparing two or more of these agents in @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity4 were analyzed. Only three such trials (all industry sponsored) were identified; while there were differences in methodology and small differences in efficacy on a minority of measures on which comparisons were undertaken, the preponderance of data suggested no differences in efficacy. While data thus far do not support assertions of differential efficacy between @entity8 , @entity5 , and @entity7 , there are clear differences in their side-effect profiles and these are briefly summarized.

title: Efficacy of newer generation antipsychotics in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates a number of proinflammatory biological responses that are thought to contribute to antibacterial resistance. In the present study we examined the ability of IL-1 to recruit inflammatory neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes in vivo; a function that has been reported to be closely related to antibacterial resistance. Intraperitoneal injection of small amounts (1-10 LAF units) of purified @entity0 or recombinant @entity1 @entity3 (rIL-alpha) resulted in an increased influx of inflammatory neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity that peaked at 4-14 h after IL-1 injection. A small but consistent increase in peritoneal macrophages also was observed at 72 h after @entity7 injection. The ability of @entity7 to induce neutrophil accumulation was uninfluenced by polymyxin B, was sensitive to heat treatment (100 degrees C for 1 h), and was observed after i.p. injection into @entity2 -nonresponsive C3H/HeJ @entity1 . These three lines of evidence suggested that contaminating @entity2 did not contribute substantially to @entity7 induced accumulation of neutrophils. Treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 or @entity4 did not abrogate @entity7 induced neutrophil accumulation. @entity1 injected i.p. with increasing amounts of @entity7 demonstrated a corresponding enhancement of their resistance to an i.p. @entity6 challenge 4 h later, thus suggesting that IL-1 mediated inflammatory phagocyte accumulation may contribute in part to nonspecific antibacterial resistance.

title: Purified XXXX and recombinant @entity1 @entity3 induced accumulation of inflammatory peritoneal neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes: possible contributions to antibacterial resistance.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates a number of proinflammatory biological responses that are thought to contribute to antibacterial resistance. In the present study we examined the ability of IL-1 to recruit inflammatory neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes in vivo; a function that has been reported to be closely related to antibacterial resistance. Intraperitoneal injection of small amounts (1-10 LAF units) of purified @entity0 or recombinant @entity1 @entity3 (rIL-alpha) resulted in an increased influx of inflammatory neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity that peaked at 4-14 h after IL-1 injection. A small but consistent increase in peritoneal macrophages also was observed at 72 h after @entity7 injection. The ability of @entity7 to induce neutrophil accumulation was uninfluenced by polymyxin B, was sensitive to heat treatment (100 degrees C for 1 h), and was observed after i.p. injection into @entity2 -nonresponsive C3H/HeJ @entity1 . These three lines of evidence suggested that contaminating @entity2 did not contribute substantially to @entity7 induced accumulation of neutrophils. Treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 or @entity4 did not abrogate @entity7 induced neutrophil accumulation. @entity1 injected i.p. with increasing amounts of @entity7 demonstrated a corresponding enhancement of their resistance to an i.p. @entity6 challenge 4 h later, thus suggesting that IL-1 mediated inflammatory phagocyte accumulation may contribute in part to nonspecific antibacterial resistance.

title: Purified @entity0 and recombinant @entity1 XXXX induced accumulation of inflammatory peritoneal neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes: possible contributions to antibacterial resistance.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates a number of proinflammatory biological responses that are thought to contribute to antibacterial resistance. In the present study we examined the ability of IL-1 to recruit inflammatory neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes in vivo; a function that has been reported to be closely related to antibacterial resistance. Intraperitoneal injection of small amounts (1-10 LAF units) of purified @entity0 or recombinant @entity1 @entity3 (rIL-alpha) resulted in an increased influx of inflammatory neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity that peaked at 4-14 h after IL-1 injection. A small but consistent increase in peritoneal macrophages also was observed at 72 h after @entity7 injection. The ability of @entity7 to induce neutrophil accumulation was uninfluenced by polymyxin B, was sensitive to heat treatment (100 degrees C for 1 h), and was observed after i.p. injection into @entity2 -nonresponsive C3H/HeJ @entity1 . These three lines of evidence suggested that contaminating @entity2 did not contribute substantially to @entity7 induced accumulation of neutrophils. Treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 or @entity4 did not abrogate @entity7 induced neutrophil accumulation. @entity1 injected i.p. with increasing amounts of @entity7 demonstrated a corresponding enhancement of their resistance to an i.p. @entity6 challenge 4 h later, thus suggesting that IL-1 mediated inflammatory phagocyte accumulation may contribute in part to nonspecific antibacterial resistance.

title: Purified @entity0 and recombinant XXXX @entity3 induced accumulation of inflammatory peritoneal neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes: possible contributions to antibacterial resistance.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Tissue plasminogen activator ( @entity4 ) purified from culture of @entity0 lung cells was infused over 30 min at the dose of 7.2 mg or 14.4 mg per @entity0 into @entity0 male volunteers. @entity4 declined rapidly after the cessation of infusion with T1/2, alpha of about 4 min and T1/2, beta of about 40 min. The plasma @entity2 and plasminogen did not change during and after the infusion of @entity4 . The concentration of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) did not change but that of @entity5 -plasmin complex increased to about 200 nM at the infusion of 14.4 mg/ @entity0 . Fragment D was hardly found at the infusion of 7.2 mg but some increase in the concentration of D was observed at the infusion of 14.4 mg. The concentration of free plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity3 ) rapidly declined and kept low up to 150 min, and returned to normal the following day. The concentration of @entity4 - @entity3 complex increased rapidly, and slowly declined after the end of the infusion of @entity4 , suggesting no significant release of @entity3 in response to increase in plasma concentration of @entity4 or @entity4 - @entity3 complex. The addition of @entity1 to the blood after withdrawal resulted in the significant formation of D-dimer, even at 150 min after the infusion. There was not hyperaggregability of platelets during and after the infusion of @entity4 . These results suggest that the infusion of @entity4 at the dose of 7.2 mg or 14.4 mg/ @entity0 for 30 min resulted in high fibrinolytic potential in the blood without the breakdown of @entity2 or increase in @entity3 .

title: Changes in various parameters of fibrinolysis in XXXX infused with tissue plasminogen activator: special reference to plasminogen activator inhibitor.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Sixteen @entity0 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were transplanted into NMRI nu/nu @entity2 with an acceptance rate of 62.5%. Six of the 16 (37.5%) @entity3 were successfully retransplanted up to 14 passages. Histologic grading and traumatization during surgery influenced the acceptance rate. Grade-I @entity1 were rarely accepted, unless they were obtained during open surgery, rather than by transurethral resection (TUR). Specimens taken by TUR or by electric cut during open surgery were almost never accepted. Identity of the transplanted @entity1 tissue with the original @entity0 @entity3 could be demonstrated by flow cytometry and by light microscopy through several passages in all accepted @entity1 . However, although the @entity1 retained their major structural features, their proliferative activity increased, particularly that of grade-I @entity1 . The @entity1 that were @entity5 and could be subpassed had three characteristics not seen before in transplanted @entity4 : @entity1 growth started after a delay which shortened with each further passage; growth rates of @entity1 only in their first passage correlated with the prognosis of the corresponding @entity0 , and with each further passage, @entity1 growth accelerated until a doubling time of about 1 week was observed. From then on, @entity1 growth was almost identical in all @entity1 . In contrast to our experience with transplanted @entity4 , flow cytometric evaluation of the transplanted and further passaged @entity3 revealed changes in DNA index and an increase in proliferative rate and it seems that @entity3 were strongly influenced by host factors.

title: Long-term serial transplantation of different XXXX @entity3 into NMRI nu/nu @entity2 . Histologic, flow cytometric and growth studies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Sixteen @entity0 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were transplanted into NMRI nu/nu @entity2 with an acceptance rate of 62.5%. Six of the 16 (37.5%) @entity3 were successfully retransplanted up to 14 passages. Histologic grading and traumatization during surgery influenced the acceptance rate. Grade-I @entity1 were rarely accepted, unless they were obtained during open surgery, rather than by transurethral resection (TUR). Specimens taken by TUR or by electric cut during open surgery were almost never accepted. Identity of the transplanted @entity1 tissue with the original @entity0 @entity3 could be demonstrated by flow cytometry and by light microscopy through several passages in all accepted @entity1 . However, although the @entity1 retained their major structural features, their proliferative activity increased, particularly that of grade-I @entity1 . The @entity1 that were @entity5 and could be subpassed had three characteristics not seen before in transplanted @entity4 : @entity1 growth started after a delay which shortened with each further passage; growth rates of @entity1 only in their first passage correlated with the prognosis of the corresponding @entity0 , and with each further passage, @entity1 growth accelerated until a doubling time of about 1 week was observed. From then on, @entity1 growth was almost identical in all @entity1 . In contrast to our experience with transplanted @entity4 , flow cytometric evaluation of the transplanted and further passaged @entity3 revealed changes in DNA index and an increase in proliferative rate and it seems that @entity3 were strongly influenced by host factors.

title: Long-term serial transplantation of different @entity0 XXXX into NMRI nu/nu @entity2 . Histologic, flow cytometric and growth studies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Sixteen @entity0 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were transplanted into NMRI nu/nu @entity2 with an acceptance rate of 62.5%. Six of the 16 (37.5%) @entity3 were successfully retransplanted up to 14 passages. Histologic grading and traumatization during surgery influenced the acceptance rate. Grade-I @entity1 were rarely accepted, unless they were obtained during open surgery, rather than by transurethral resection (TUR). Specimens taken by TUR or by electric cut during open surgery were almost never accepted. Identity of the transplanted @entity1 tissue with the original @entity0 @entity3 could be demonstrated by flow cytometry and by light microscopy through several passages in all accepted @entity1 . However, although the @entity1 retained their major structural features, their proliferative activity increased, particularly that of grade-I @entity1 . The @entity1 that were @entity5 and could be subpassed had three characteristics not seen before in transplanted @entity4 : @entity1 growth started after a delay which shortened with each further passage; growth rates of @entity1 only in their first passage correlated with the prognosis of the corresponding @entity0 , and with each further passage, @entity1 growth accelerated until a doubling time of about 1 week was observed. From then on, @entity1 growth was almost identical in all @entity1 . In contrast to our experience with transplanted @entity4 , flow cytometric evaluation of the transplanted and further passaged @entity3 revealed changes in DNA index and an increase in proliferative rate and it seems that @entity3 were strongly influenced by host factors.

title: Long-term serial transplantation of different @entity0 @entity3 into NMRI nu/nu XXXX . Histologic, flow cytometric and growth studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In this study we tested the efficacy of quantitative texture analysis in the identification of @entity2 using an ultrasound data acquisition system that digitizes and stores echocardiographic data in polar format. In nine closed-chest @entity1 , data were acquired before and after coronary occlusion using a 2.4 MHz echocardiographic system. Regions of interest were analyzed at end-diastole and end-systole from the @entity0 area and normal area at the same depth of field. Ultrasound data were evaluated using previously reported quantitative gray level texture measures. After occlusion, texture changes indicative of @entity0 were found in systolic images. The directional component of the data analysis was important; analysis in the azimuthal direction was more accurate than in the axial direction. Six texture measures exhibited significant changes in the @entity0 region from control to occlusion when analyzing data in the azimuthal direction. One false positive result occurred (significant texture change in the normal region from control to occlusion) in the azimuthal direction. Several false positive alterations in the normal regions from control to occlusion were found when the texture was evaluated in the axial direction. For accurate assessment of @entity0 changes, preocclusion image data were required. We conclude that quantitative echocardiographic texture analysis using polar format data can identify subtle changes in myocardial texture such as that due to @entity0 , using data acquired through the chest wall.

title: Ultrasound characterization of XXXX by quantitative texture analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether and how handedness is related to the processes of cerebral lateralization and cognitive performance in @entity0 with congenital insult. Fifty-six @entity0 (31 males and 25 females) with @entity3 and 14 control subjects were investigated. Of these @entity0 , 32 had a left hemisphere lesion, and 24 @entity0 had a right hemisphere lesion. There were 30 right-handed, 23 left-handed, and three ambidextrous @entity0 in the study group. The neuropsychologic assessment was performed using the NEPSY (a developmental neuropsychological assessment of @entity0 development) test battery. We found that 41% of the hemiparetic @entity0 and 72% of the @entity0 with a left hemisphere lesion were left-handed. In @entity0 contralateral to lesion handedness (no evidence of interhemispheric transfer of functions), we found diffuse @entity1 with @entity1 and poor visuomotor and narrative memory processing. In contrast, @entity0 with ipsilateral to @entity2 handedness (interhemispheric transfer of functions) demonstrated minimal or moderate side-specific @entity1 . Right-handed @entity0 with a right hemisphere lesion had attention, spatial, and short-term @entity4 ; left-handed @entity0 with a left hemisphere lesion had receptive language and @entity5 . Handedness combined with neuropsychologic assessment is a reliable indicator of the processes of cerebral reorganization after early brain insult.

title: Cerebral lateralization and @entity1 after XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether and how handedness is related to the processes of cerebral lateralization and cognitive performance in @entity0 with congenital insult. Fifty-six @entity0 (31 males and 25 females) with @entity3 and 14 control subjects were investigated. Of these @entity0 , 32 had a left hemisphere lesion, and 24 @entity0 had a right hemisphere lesion. There were 30 right-handed, 23 left-handed, and three ambidextrous @entity0 in the study group. The neuropsychologic assessment was performed using the NEPSY (a developmental neuropsychological assessment of @entity0 development) test battery. We found that 41% of the hemiparetic @entity0 and 72% of the @entity0 with a left hemisphere lesion were left-handed. In @entity0 contralateral to lesion handedness (no evidence of interhemispheric transfer of functions), we found diffuse @entity1 with @entity1 and poor visuomotor and narrative memory processing. In contrast, @entity0 with ipsilateral to @entity2 handedness (interhemispheric transfer of functions) demonstrated minimal or moderate side-specific @entity1 . Right-handed @entity0 with a right hemisphere lesion had attention, spatial, and short-term @entity4 ; left-handed @entity0 with a left hemisphere lesion had receptive language and @entity5 . Handedness combined with neuropsychologic assessment is a reliable indicator of the processes of cerebral reorganization after early brain insult.

title: Cerebral lateralization and XXXX after @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Long @entity6 ' @entity5 ( @entity5 ) often demonstrate both slow and decremental conduction properties in the retrograde pathway of the reentrant circuit. The electrophysiologic properties of these pathways are poorly understood. We studied 10 @entity0 with long @entity6 ' @entity5 ( @entity6 '/RR, 0.52 to 0.71); five had the unusual form of atrioventricular nodal reentry (fast-slow) and five @entity0 had accessory AV pathways with slow, decremental retrograde conduction properties. During @entity5 , the effects of intravenous @entity2 (37.5 to 150 micrograms/kg), which increases @entity3 current (iK) in supraventricular tissue and hyperpolarizes membrane potential toward Ek (-90 mV), and the response to slow-inward channel blockade with @entity4 (0.10 to 0.20 mg/kg iv) were evaluated. @entity2 and @entity4 has similar effects in the presence of fast-slow AV nodal reentry since both agents terminated @entity5 by producing block in the retrograde slow AV nodal pathway. In contrast, @entity2 and @entity4 had differential effects on retrograde conduction in decremental accessory pathways. @entity2 terminated all episodes of @entity5 in the retrograde decremental pathway, whereas @entity4 had a direct effect on this tissue in only two of five @entity0 . Decremental retrograde accessory pathways can therefore demonstrate at least two types of electrophysiologic responses. Pathways that respond only to @entity2 -induced hyperpolarizing K+ current likely comprise depressed fast-Na+ channel tissue, i.e., partially depolarized (greater than -60 to -70 mV) atrial tissue. In contrast, decremental accessory pathways that respond to both modulation of the slow-inward @entity1 current and K+ conductance have pharmacologic properties similar to those of the AV node and may represent more completely depolarized atrial fibers with resting membrane potentials of -60 mV or less.

title: Differential electrophysiologic properties of decremental retrograde pathways in long XXXX ' tachycardia.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity1 was diagnosed in 101 @entity0 from 53 families. The prognosis for visual function was most favourable for the autosomal dominant group (38 @entity0 from 8 families). The autosomal recessive group (40 @entity0 from 25 families) and the 19 solitary cases were very heterogeneous, with prognosis ranging from favourable to very bad. There was a higher intrafamiliar correlation in the autosomal recessive than in the autosomal dominant group. In 28 @entity0 from 18 families with @entity2 , almost all had good visual function until 30 years of age, and few had useful visual function after the age of 50. The age when the @entity0 were registered varied between the different genetic types of @entity1 , reflecting differences in prognosis. Therefore, ascertainment probability and prevalence were calculated for each genetic group separately. The prevalence of @entity1 in Norway, all genetic groups included, was calculated to be 1/4440, the autosomal dominant type of the disease being the most frequent. The prevalence of @entity2 was calculated to be 3.6/100,000. Both @entity1 and @entity2 were more prevalent in Laps.

title: Estimation of prognosis and prevalence of @entity1 and XXXX in Norway.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 was diagnosed in 101 @entity0 from 53 families. The prognosis for visual function was most favourable for the autosomal dominant group (38 @entity0 from 8 families). The autosomal recessive group (40 @entity0 from 25 families) and the 19 solitary cases were very heterogeneous, with prognosis ranging from favourable to very bad. There was a higher intrafamiliar correlation in the autosomal recessive than in the autosomal dominant group. In 28 @entity0 from 18 families with @entity2 , almost all had good visual function until 30 years of age, and few had useful visual function after the age of 50. The age when the @entity0 were registered varied between the different genetic types of @entity1 , reflecting differences in prognosis. Therefore, ascertainment probability and prevalence were calculated for each genetic group separately. The prevalence of @entity1 in Norway, all genetic groups included, was calculated to be 1/4440, the autosomal dominant type of the disease being the most frequent. The prevalence of @entity2 was calculated to be 3.6/100,000. Both @entity1 and @entity2 were more prevalent in Laps.

title: Estimation of prognosis and prevalence of XXXX and @entity2 in Norway.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Among the locations of @entity1 , even if rare, @entity10 is a severe event with a high mortality rate. No aetiology is found in 20 to 30% of the cases. In recent years, @entity7 have been described, as risk factors for @entity1 . We report the results of a retrospective study of 27 @entity0 who suffered @entity10 , in which @entity4 have been searched for. METHOD: The @entity0 were referred to the haemostasis laboratory of the Henri Mondor hospital between august 1982 and June 1988, after a @entity10 . The predisposing factors, personal and family history of @entity5 , clinical presentation, @entity3 location, evolution under treatment and long-term outcome, have been noted. Deficiencies in antithrombine, protein C, protein S, the @entity9 and the @entity11 prothrombin-gene mutation, the presence of @entity8 , of anticardiolipin antibodies as well as a hyperhomocysteinaemia have been searched, either at the initial presentation, or a posteriori. RESULTS: Fourty-one percent of @entity0 had a coagulation abnormality. The prevalence of the different abnormalities was: @entity2 in @entity6 7.4%, in PC 8%, in PS 12.5%, @entity9 mutation 12%, @entity11 prothrombin-gene mutation 12%. Two @entity0 had combined defects: @entity6 and @entity12 in one, F V Leiden and F II @entity11 mutations in one. e of the @entity0 had @entity8 . Three @entity0 had a significant rate of anticardiolipin antibodies. Five @entity0 out of eight displayed a moderate hyperhomocysteinaemia. Nothing (past history, age, predisposing factors) distinguished those @entity0 bearing a @entity7 from the others. The venous thromboembolic relapse rate of 15 % (4/27 @entity0 ). Three of them had an inherited @entity4 . CONCLUSION: We recommend an investigation of the haemostasis after every @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX : retrospective study of twenty seven cases].

answer: @entity10


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is rare at the male. The clinic and biological characteristics and the evolution are variable between different studies. From 24 Tunisian observations we try to contribute to the precision of these characteristics on this ground. METHOD: It's a tunisian, multicentric, retrospective study of 24 males lupus, follow-up from 1990 to 1999 within a total lupus cohort of 295 @entity0 . RESULTS: The sex-ratio female/male is 11/29, mean age at diagnosis is 31.75 years (range 10 to 63). The most frequent clinical manifestations are: @entity2 (95%), @entity5 (71%), photosensitivity (41%), glomerular @entity1 (66%) (classes III and IV = 7 cases/9), the @entity7 (37.5%) and @entity6 (25%). Comparing these characteristics of two @entity0 groups (24 males and 271 females), significant difference was observed : vascular @entity3 in male (16% vs 4% p : 0,027) and alopecia in female (12.5% vs 4% p : 0.03). For the other manifestations as @entity1 and @entity7 which are frequent in male the difference was not significant. The overall survival rate at 5 years 93% is and it was nearly the same in @entity0 @entity4 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity4 in male is rare. In @entity4 male @entity0 vascular @entity3 and @entity1 are more frequent without survival's influence.

title: [ XXXX in 24 tunisian males: clinico-biological analysis and clinical course].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Little attention has been paid to the importance of clinical factors associated with @entity5 complications caused by the use of thrombolytic agents. The goal of our study was to examine clinical and hematologic factors associated with an increased risk of @entity5 in a prospectively observed population that received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for @entity6 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Bleeding complications were evaluated in 386 consecutive @entity0 treated with 150 mg of tissue plasminogen activator over six to eight hours for @entity6 . All @entity0 also underwent immediate cardiac catheterization. RESULTS: Quantitation of @entity2 during the @entity0 ' hospital stay included a median drop in hematocrit of 11.4 points, a median nadir hematocrit of 31.2, a 14 percent rate of significant clinically evident @entity5 , and a 31 percent rate of transfusion of two or more units of blood. All of these parameters were much more severe in @entity0 treated with coronary artery bypass surgery. Access site @entity7 was the most common source of @entity5 (45 percent of @entity0 ), whereas 8 percent had @entity3 , two @entity0 had @entity5 , and two @entity0 had @entity4 . The median nadir @entity8 was 1.3 g/liter. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between clinical variables, including multiple hematologic measurements, and measures of the amount of @entity2 . The use of coronary artery bypass grafting was the variable most closely associated with @entity5 . Other invasive procedures (angioplasty and @entity9 ) were also associated with increased @entity5 . Among the @entity0 descriptors examined, lighter weight, older age, female sex, and history of @entity1 were associated with greater @entity2 . Of @entity10 parameters, only nadir @entity8 levels were significantly associated with more @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Careful clinical evaluation may improve assessment of the risk/benefit ratio of thrombolytic therapy.

title: XXXX complications associated with the use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in treatment of @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Little attention has been paid to the importance of clinical factors associated with @entity5 complications caused by the use of thrombolytic agents. The goal of our study was to examine clinical and hematologic factors associated with an increased risk of @entity5 in a prospectively observed population that received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for @entity6 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Bleeding complications were evaluated in 386 consecutive @entity0 treated with 150 mg of tissue plasminogen activator over six to eight hours for @entity6 . All @entity0 also underwent immediate cardiac catheterization. RESULTS: Quantitation of @entity2 during the @entity0 ' hospital stay included a median drop in hematocrit of 11.4 points, a median nadir hematocrit of 31.2, a 14 percent rate of significant clinically evident @entity5 , and a 31 percent rate of transfusion of two or more units of blood. All of these parameters were much more severe in @entity0 treated with coronary artery bypass surgery. Access site @entity7 was the most common source of @entity5 (45 percent of @entity0 ), whereas 8 percent had @entity3 , two @entity0 had @entity5 , and two @entity0 had @entity4 . The median nadir @entity8 was 1.3 g/liter. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between clinical variables, including multiple hematologic measurements, and measures of the amount of @entity2 . The use of coronary artery bypass grafting was the variable most closely associated with @entity5 . Other invasive procedures (angioplasty and @entity9 ) were also associated with increased @entity5 . Among the @entity0 descriptors examined, lighter weight, older age, female sex, and history of @entity1 were associated with greater @entity2 . Of @entity10 parameters, only nadir @entity8 levels were significantly associated with more @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Careful clinical evaluation may improve assessment of the risk/benefit ratio of thrombolytic therapy.

title: @entity5 complications associated with the use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and biological properties of a newly developed @entity0 cement (CaP cement) implanted in cortical bone. CaP cement was injected as a paste into tibia cortical @entity1 in @entity2 . @entity3 ( @entity3 ) bone cement was used as a control. The animals were killed after 3 days, 2, 8, 16 and 24 weeks. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy performed at retrieved samples showed that the CaP cement had set as a @entity4 apatite and remained stable over time. Light microscopic evaluation showed that after 2 weeks the cement was in tight contact with the bone without any inflammatory reaction or fibrous encapsulation. At later time points, the CaP cement implants were totally covered by a thin layer of bone and osteoclasts, present at the interface, which were clearly resorbing the cement. At locations where CaP cement was resorbed, new bone was deposited. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that indeed a seamless contact existed between CaP cement and bone, as characterized by the occurrence of an electron dense line of 50-60 nm thick that covered the CaP cement. Osteoblasts, in contact with the cement, were depositing new bone. Although the bulk of the material was still in situ after 24 weeks, the progressive osteoclast resorption of the cement followed by new bone formation suggests that all of the material may be replaced eventually. In contrast to the CaP cement, the @entity3 reference cement was always surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule. The results indicate that the investigated CaP cement is biocompatible, osteoconductive as well as osteotransductive and is a candidate material for use as a bone substitute.

title: Histological evaluation of the bone response to XXXX cement implanted in cortical bone.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and epidemiology of @entity1 -resistantStreptococcus pneumoniae isolates in the St Helens and Knowsley Health District of Merseyside. METHODS: @entity1 -resistant pneumococci were isolated from clinical samples taken from 549 @entity0 between January 1987 and December 2000. @entity0 profile, bacterial serotype and resistance patterns were analysed. RESULTS: Between January 1987 and December 2000, the prevalence of @entity1 -resistant pneumococci increased from 1.4% to a peak of 12.9% in 1997, subsequently falling to 8.9%. High-level @entity1 resistance was found in 243 (44.3%) of the isolates. Two hundred and eighty isolates were from @entity0 (mean age 2.2 years), of whom only 25% were clinically infected. Two hundred and sixty nine isolates were from adults (average age 68.4 years) of whom 88% were infected. Over 65% of isolates were community acquired with 53% of @entity0 having received antibiotics in the 3 months prior to their first isolate. Twenty six per cent of @entity0 had underlying disease of the respiratory tract. The changing evolution of serotypes over the 14 years of the study was associated with changes in sensitivity patterns. Serotype 9 was the most common serotype (36%). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates the evolution of @entity1 resistance in the @entity0 population of this District over the past 14 years.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX -resistant pneumococci in a Merseyside Health District over a 14-year period.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Gender differences in resting ventilation and @entity2 ventilatory response (HVR) have been reported. Ventilation and HVR are closely related to changes in metabolic rate in @entity0 . However, it is unclear whether there is a comparable relationship between metabolic rate and ventilation or HVR in @entity0 . We studied 13 @entity0 and 12 @entity0 to determine whether exercise-induced increases in metabolic rate influenced ventilation, HVR, and hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) differently in @entity0 and @entity0 . Minute ventilation per unit metabolic rate was higher (lower end-tidal PCO2) in @entity0 than @entity0 during rest and mild exercise. Resting HVR values were similar in @entity0 and @entity0 . With mild, exercise-induced @entity1 (24 +/- 4% in @entity0 and 27 +/- 2% in @entity0 , p = NS), HVR increased in @entity0 (p less than 0.05) but not in @entity0 . Moderate exercise-induced @entity1 (313 +/- 13% in @entity0 and 330 +/- 13% in @entity0 , p = NS), raised @entity2 responses in both sexes. HCVR values were similar in @entity0 and @entity0 at rest and during mild exercise. Moderate exercise increased HCVR equally in the sexes. Thus the higher resting ventilation and lesser change in HVR during mild exercise suggested that @entity0 were less sensitive to mild metabolic rate stimulation than @entity0 .

title: Possible gender differences in the effect of exercise on XXXX ventilatory response.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Immunofluorescence staining of @entity0 embryos with a monoclonal antibody specific for acetylated @entity3 has revealed that acetylated and nonacetylated @entity3 isoforms have different patterns of distribution during early development. Acetylated @entity3 was not detected in either interphase or mitotic spindle microtubules during the rapid early cleavage or syncytial blastoderm divisions. Acetylated @entity3 was first observed as interphase lengthened at the end of syncytial blastoderm, and at cycle 14 was localized to a ring of structures clustered around the interphase nuclei. These structures probably represent a set of stable microtubules involved in nuclear elongation. Absence of detectable acetylated @entity3 prior to cellular blastoderm seems to be due to rapid turnover of microtubule arrays rather than to lack of the enzyme required for modification, since acetylated @entity3 appeared in early embryos when micro-tubules were stabilized by @entity2 treatment or @entity1 . Because acetylated @entity3 seems to be characteristic of stable microtubule arrays, the appearance of the antigen at cycle 14 represents a fundamental change in microtubule behaviour in the somatic cells of the embryo. Acetylated @entity3 was not detected in pole cells during the blastoderm or early gastrula stages, indicating that acetylation of @entity3 is not merely a consequence of cellularization. After the onset of gastrulation, interphase microtubule arrays in most cell types contain acetylated @entity3 . However, cells in mitosis lack antibody staining. The resulting unstained patches reveal the stereotyped spatial pattern of cell division during gastrulation. Although the cells that give rise to the amnioserosa have acetylated @entity3 in their interphase arrays at early gastrulation, by germ band elongation these large, plastic cells completely lack staining with anti-acetylated @entity3 . In contrast, differentiated cell types such as neurones, which have arrays of stable axonal microtubules, stain brightly with the specific antibody. Although acetylated and nonacetylated @entity3 are present in roughly equal amounts by the late stages of embryogenesis, acetylated @entity3 is partitioned into the pellet during centrifugation of extracts of embryos homogenized at 4 degrees C.

title: Temporal and spatial pattern of differences in microtubule behaviour during XXXX embryogenesis revealed by distribution of a tubulin isoform.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We evaluated reproductive function in 27 male long-term survivors of childhood @entity1 treated during the prepubertal and pubertal period. Sperm samples were obtained from 23 @entity0 ; four who refused to provide specimens indicated that they had fathered normal healthy @entity0 . Thirteen @entity0 were 12 years old or younger at the time of diagnosis and initiation of therapy. Chemotherapy was calculated according to the cumulative amount of drug administered and correlated with the surface area. Sterility was associated with large doses of single alkylating agents or reduced doses administered with other agents in combination regimens. It was noted in @entity0 treated in both the prepubertal and pubertal period. Sterility was also observed in @entity0 who received testicular radiation alone or in combination with chemotherapy. However, it was not an inevitable consequence in all @entity0 , despite treatment with similar or identical regimens. Fertility potential could not be predicted by clinical examination (testicular size) or gonadotrophin and @entity2 values. The results were compared to published reports of treatment-induced sterility in adult males. Additional investigations are required to establish more accurate correlations of dosage with reproductive potential.

title: Male reproductive function in long-term survivors of childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Standard treatment of @entity3 located 3-6 cm above anal verge is abdominoperineal resection. The objective was to evaluate feasibility, morbidity, and functional results of anal sphincter preservation after preoperative chemoradiation therapy and coloanal @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 located between 3 and 6 cm above the anal verge. METHODS: This study included 17 males and 15 females with a mean age of 54.8 +/- 15.4 years. @entity1 were located at a mean of 4.7 +/- 1.1 cm above the anal verge. The mean @entity1 size was 4.6 +/- 1.5 cm. All @entity0 received the scheduled treatment. Twenty-two @entity0 underwent coloanal @entity2 with the J pouch; 10 underwent straight @entity2 . Average surgical time was 328.7 +/- 43.8 min, and the average intraoperative @entity4 was 471.5 +/- 363.6 ml. The mean distal surgical margin was 1.3 +/- 0.6 cm. Five @entity0 (15.6%) received a blood transfusion. RESULTS: Major complications included @entity5 (three); pelvic abscess (three), and @entity6 (two). @entity1 stages were as follows: T0-2,N0,M0 = 12; T3,N0,M0 = 9; T1-3,N+,M0 = 9, and T1-3,N0-3,M+ = 2. Diverting stomas were closed in 30 @entity0 . Median follow-up was 25 months. Recurrences occurred in four @entity0 and were local and distant (n = 1) and distant (n = 3). Anal sphincter function was perfect (n = 20), incontinent to gas (n = 3), occasional minor leak (n = 2), frequent major soiling (n = 3), and colostomy (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with locally advanced @entity1 located 3-6 cm from anal verge who are traditionally treated with abdominoperineal resection, preservation of anal sphincter after preoperative chemoradiation therapy plus complete rectal excision with coloanal @entity2 is feasible and is associated with acceptable morbidity and no mortality.

title: Anal sphincter preservation in locally advanced low @entity3 after preoperative chemoradiation therapy and coloanal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Standard treatment of @entity3 located 3-6 cm above anal verge is abdominoperineal resection. The objective was to evaluate feasibility, morbidity, and functional results of anal sphincter preservation after preoperative chemoradiation therapy and coloanal @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 located between 3 and 6 cm above the anal verge. METHODS: This study included 17 males and 15 females with a mean age of 54.8 +/- 15.4 years. @entity1 were located at a mean of 4.7 +/- 1.1 cm above the anal verge. The mean @entity1 size was 4.6 +/- 1.5 cm. All @entity0 received the scheduled treatment. Twenty-two @entity0 underwent coloanal @entity2 with the J pouch; 10 underwent straight @entity2 . Average surgical time was 328.7 +/- 43.8 min, and the average intraoperative @entity4 was 471.5 +/- 363.6 ml. The mean distal surgical margin was 1.3 +/- 0.6 cm. Five @entity0 (15.6%) received a blood transfusion. RESULTS: Major complications included @entity5 (three); pelvic abscess (three), and @entity6 (two). @entity1 stages were as follows: T0-2,N0,M0 = 12; T3,N0,M0 = 9; T1-3,N+,M0 = 9, and T1-3,N0-3,M+ = 2. Diverting stomas were closed in 30 @entity0 . Median follow-up was 25 months. Recurrences occurred in four @entity0 and were local and distant (n = 1) and distant (n = 3). Anal sphincter function was perfect (n = 20), incontinent to gas (n = 3), occasional minor leak (n = 2), frequent major soiling (n = 3), and colostomy (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with locally advanced @entity1 located 3-6 cm from anal verge who are traditionally treated with abdominoperineal resection, preservation of anal sphincter after preoperative chemoradiation therapy plus complete rectal excision with coloanal @entity2 is feasible and is associated with acceptable morbidity and no mortality.

title: Anal sphincter preservation in locally advanced low XXXX after preoperative chemoradiation therapy and coloanal @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fibroblasts in culture and leukocytes have been widely used to study @entity2 and lipoprotein cellular metabolism. The present investigations were designed to study the role of nutritional and environmental factors on lipid metabolism in these two types of cells. Leukocytes freshly isolated from @entity0 blood and fibroblasts cultured in media enriched in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have relatively similar @entity2 distributions. However, more important differences are observed in fibroblasts cultured in media enriched with @entity1 or with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). It is obvious that the quantity and quality of @entity4 are very different in @entity5 and @entity1 , but intracellular regulation ensures relative homogeneity of saturated (SFA) and @entity9 ( @entity10 ) in the cells, particularly in phospholipids. The first modifications induced by different media ( @entity5 or @entity1 ) are detected on cellular growth; the differences seem to be due more to the @entity2 (FA) quantitative supply than to the FA quality of each culture medium. The major modifications in FA composition induced by different culture media concern the @entity3 ( @entity8 ) of phospholipids, especially the n-6 family. The intracellular @entity7 level depends on the level in the medium, but intracellular n-6 metabolite levels depend both on the level in the medium and on the growth state of the cells. The n-3 family seems to be less affected by the quality of the medium in our experiment, and the cells maintain a stable @entity6 (22:6n-3) level. A higher content of the n-3 family in the medium induces a higher level of eicosa- or @entity11 , rather than @entity6 itself.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of environmental medium on XXXX composition of @entity0 cells: leukocytes and fibroblasts.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fibroblasts in culture and leukocytes have been widely used to study @entity2 and lipoprotein cellular metabolism. The present investigations were designed to study the role of nutritional and environmental factors on lipid metabolism in these two types of cells. Leukocytes freshly isolated from @entity0 blood and fibroblasts cultured in media enriched in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have relatively similar @entity2 distributions. However, more important differences are observed in fibroblasts cultured in media enriched with @entity1 or with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). It is obvious that the quantity and quality of @entity4 are very different in @entity5 and @entity1 , but intracellular regulation ensures relative homogeneity of saturated (SFA) and @entity9 ( @entity10 ) in the cells, particularly in phospholipids. The first modifications induced by different media ( @entity5 or @entity1 ) are detected on cellular growth; the differences seem to be due more to the @entity2 (FA) quantitative supply than to the FA quality of each culture medium. The major modifications in FA composition induced by different culture media concern the @entity3 ( @entity8 ) of phospholipids, especially the n-6 family. The intracellular @entity7 level depends on the level in the medium, but intracellular n-6 metabolite levels depend both on the level in the medium and on the growth state of the cells. The n-3 family seems to be less affected by the quality of the medium in our experiment, and the cells maintain a stable @entity6 (22:6n-3) level. A higher content of the n-3 family in the medium induces a higher level of eicosa- or @entity11 , rather than @entity6 itself.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of environmental medium on @entity2 composition of XXXX cells: leukocytes and fibroblasts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 and @entity3 are chronic @entity1 of unknown etiology. Unspecific immunosuppressive therapy represents current standard treatment and is often associated with severe side effects. Several treatment regimens have been evaluated to identify alternative therapeutic options. Among these different diet therapies were investigated. Objective of this paper is to review the results of diet therapy in chronic @entity1 on the basis of randomised controlled trials and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. METHODS: Medline and Cochrane Library were searched for meta-analysis and randomised controlled trials investigating this question. Additionally reference lists of identified articles and text books were checked for further trials. RESULTS: Four meta-analyses investigated the treatment of acute @entity2 with elemental-, semi-elemental-, and polymeric diets in comparison to corticosteroids or to another form of enteral diet. All meta-analyses show a superiority of corticosteroids and no difference in the effect of the compared enteral diets. Randomised controlled trials investigating diet therapy in @entity3 have not been summarised in a meta-analysis yet. Eleven randomised trials were identified which evaluated diets in @entity3 @entity0 : Dietary supplementation with @entity6 (6 trials), elemental diet [2], dietary supplementation with dietary fiber [1], elimination diet [1], and dietary supplementation with olestra [1]. Only for the elimination diet a significant positive effect on the course of disease was found in one trial which investigated only 18 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Enteral nutritional therapy of acute @entity2 is less effective than treatment with @entity5 . In case of severe @entity4 induced side effects diet treatment can present a promising alternative. Superiority of one of the investigated different formulations was not found. Meta-analyses of randomised trials provide a clear and easy to understand presentation of the effect of this intervention. Eleven published trials investigating the effect of diets in @entity3 show only for elimination diet a positive treatment effect. The trials do find a positive effect of one of the other interventions but the trials are very small and cannot exclude a treatment effect. Meta-analysis of these trials would be helpful for a better presentation and understanding of these results.

title: [Diet therapy in chronic XXXX : results from meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 is the most common class of @entity1 in @entity0 . After decades of study, the biochemical basis for this group of diseases continues to elude scientists. One obstacle has been the difficulty in establishing specific criteria for diagnosis. This paper reviews case material from 65 @entity0 referred to the Shriver Center for study from January, 1984 to December, 1986. The late-infantile type was the most commonly encountered (35%) with a mean age-of-onset of 3.1 +/- 0.5 yr. The juvenile type was slightly less frequent (32%) with a mean age-of-onset of 7.8 +/- 4 yr. The infantile type ranked third (23%); age-of-onset 11 +/- 4 months) and the adult form of the disease was the least common (10%; age-of-onset 25 +/- 4 yr). Consistent clinical findings were a progressive decline in mental faculties and @entity3 , predominantly of the @entity4 . Neuroradiological changes of cerebral and cerebellar cortical @entity2 were common when studies were obtained more than a year after clinical onset. Ataxia was a frequent manifestation in the late-infantile and juvenile types whereas @entity5 was unique to the latter. There was a diversity of ultrastructural findings in skin biopsies between and within types. The absence of findings in a few familial cases necessitated sampling a second tissue such as muscle, particularly when the history was suggestive and urine dolichols were high. Elevated urine @entity7 levels was a nonspecific but helpful finding.

title: Clinical classification of XXXX subtypes.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Since @entity4 has been shown to blunt the @entity3 response to @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in normal subjects, we investigated whether the same effect of @entity4 administration could be reproduced in @entity0 with active @entity2 . Ten acromegalic @entity0 received on two different days 100 micrograms @entity5 iv alone and the same @entity5 dose during a constant infusion of @entity4 (3.56 mg/min), beginning 2 h before @entity5 administration. In the whole group @entity4 did not affect basal @entity3 secretion significantly (from a mean of 44.6 +/- 14.4 at 0 min to 41.8 +/- 13.5 ng/ml at 120 min). However, the amount of @entity3 released after @entity5 stimulation was lower when @entity4 was concomitantly infused (7525 +/- 3709 ng min/ml vs. 12038 +/- 6337 ng min/ml; p less than 0.05). The inhibitory effect of @entity4 was not homogeneous, since either marked or minimal reductions of the @entity5 -stimulated @entity3 secretion occurred. Serum PRL levels increased after @entity5 administration in 6 @entity0 and @entity4 infusion had no influence upon this response. Peak @entity5 levels were not different in both studies (14.9 +/- 1.7 and 17.1 +/- 4.0 ng/ml, respectively). Free @entity1 levels rose progressively during @entity4 administration (from 0.66 +/- 0.10 at 0 min to 1.04 +/- 0.10 mEq/l at 240 min) and were significantly higher than after @entity5 stimulation alone from 180 min up to the end of the test. Our results demonstrate that in active @entity2 @entity4 blunts the @entity3 response to @entity5 , though this effect is not uniformly seen in all @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX infusion on the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and prolactin response to @entity3 -releasing hormone administration in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Since @entity4 has been shown to blunt the @entity3 response to @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in normal subjects, we investigated whether the same effect of @entity4 administration could be reproduced in @entity0 with active @entity2 . Ten acromegalic @entity0 received on two different days 100 micrograms @entity5 iv alone and the same @entity5 dose during a constant infusion of @entity4 (3.56 mg/min), beginning 2 h before @entity5 administration. In the whole group @entity4 did not affect basal @entity3 secretion significantly (from a mean of 44.6 +/- 14.4 at 0 min to 41.8 +/- 13.5 ng/ml at 120 min). However, the amount of @entity3 released after @entity5 stimulation was lower when @entity4 was concomitantly infused (7525 +/- 3709 ng min/ml vs. 12038 +/- 6337 ng min/ml; p less than 0.05). The inhibitory effect of @entity4 was not homogeneous, since either marked or minimal reductions of the @entity5 -stimulated @entity3 secretion occurred. Serum PRL levels increased after @entity5 administration in 6 @entity0 and @entity4 infusion had no influence upon this response. Peak @entity5 levels were not different in both studies (14.9 +/- 1.7 and 17.1 +/- 4.0 ng/ml, respectively). Free @entity1 levels rose progressively during @entity4 administration (from 0.66 +/- 0.10 at 0 min to 1.04 +/- 0.10 mEq/l at 240 min) and were significantly higher than after @entity5 stimulation alone from 180 min up to the end of the test. Our results demonstrate that in active @entity2 @entity4 blunts the @entity3 response to @entity5 , though this effect is not uniformly seen in all @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity4 infusion on the XXXX ( @entity3 ) and prolactin response to @entity3 -releasing hormone administration in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Since @entity4 has been shown to blunt the @entity3 response to @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in normal subjects, we investigated whether the same effect of @entity4 administration could be reproduced in @entity0 with active @entity2 . Ten acromegalic @entity0 received on two different days 100 micrograms @entity5 iv alone and the same @entity5 dose during a constant infusion of @entity4 (3.56 mg/min), beginning 2 h before @entity5 administration. In the whole group @entity4 did not affect basal @entity3 secretion significantly (from a mean of 44.6 +/- 14.4 at 0 min to 41.8 +/- 13.5 ng/ml at 120 min). However, the amount of @entity3 released after @entity5 stimulation was lower when @entity4 was concomitantly infused (7525 +/- 3709 ng min/ml vs. 12038 +/- 6337 ng min/ml; p less than 0.05). The inhibitory effect of @entity4 was not homogeneous, since either marked or minimal reductions of the @entity5 -stimulated @entity3 secretion occurred. Serum PRL levels increased after @entity5 administration in 6 @entity0 and @entity4 infusion had no influence upon this response. Peak @entity5 levels were not different in both studies (14.9 +/- 1.7 and 17.1 +/- 4.0 ng/ml, respectively). Free @entity1 levels rose progressively during @entity4 administration (from 0.66 +/- 0.10 at 0 min to 1.04 +/- 0.10 mEq/l at 240 min) and were significantly higher than after @entity5 stimulation alone from 180 min up to the end of the test. Our results demonstrate that in active @entity2 @entity4 blunts the @entity3 response to @entity5 , though this effect is not uniformly seen in all @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity4 infusion on the @entity3 ( XXXX ) and prolactin response to @entity3 -releasing hormone administration in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Since @entity4 has been shown to blunt the @entity3 response to @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in normal subjects, we investigated whether the same effect of @entity4 administration could be reproduced in @entity0 with active @entity2 . Ten acromegalic @entity0 received on two different days 100 micrograms @entity5 iv alone and the same @entity5 dose during a constant infusion of @entity4 (3.56 mg/min), beginning 2 h before @entity5 administration. In the whole group @entity4 did not affect basal @entity3 secretion significantly (from a mean of 44.6 +/- 14.4 at 0 min to 41.8 +/- 13.5 ng/ml at 120 min). However, the amount of @entity3 released after @entity5 stimulation was lower when @entity4 was concomitantly infused (7525 +/- 3709 ng min/ml vs. 12038 +/- 6337 ng min/ml; p less than 0.05). The inhibitory effect of @entity4 was not homogeneous, since either marked or minimal reductions of the @entity5 -stimulated @entity3 secretion occurred. Serum PRL levels increased after @entity5 administration in 6 @entity0 and @entity4 infusion had no influence upon this response. Peak @entity5 levels were not different in both studies (14.9 +/- 1.7 and 17.1 +/- 4.0 ng/ml, respectively). Free @entity1 levels rose progressively during @entity4 administration (from 0.66 +/- 0.10 at 0 min to 1.04 +/- 0.10 mEq/l at 240 min) and were significantly higher than after @entity5 stimulation alone from 180 min up to the end of the test. Our results demonstrate that in active @entity2 @entity4 blunts the @entity3 response to @entity5 , though this effect is not uniformly seen in all @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity4 infusion on the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and prolactin response to XXXX -releasing hormone administration in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Since @entity4 has been shown to blunt the @entity3 response to @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in normal subjects, we investigated whether the same effect of @entity4 administration could be reproduced in @entity0 with active @entity2 . Ten acromegalic @entity0 received on two different days 100 micrograms @entity5 iv alone and the same @entity5 dose during a constant infusion of @entity4 (3.56 mg/min), beginning 2 h before @entity5 administration. In the whole group @entity4 did not affect basal @entity3 secretion significantly (from a mean of 44.6 +/- 14.4 at 0 min to 41.8 +/- 13.5 ng/ml at 120 min). However, the amount of @entity3 released after @entity5 stimulation was lower when @entity4 was concomitantly infused (7525 +/- 3709 ng min/ml vs. 12038 +/- 6337 ng min/ml; p less than 0.05). The inhibitory effect of @entity4 was not homogeneous, since either marked or minimal reductions of the @entity5 -stimulated @entity3 secretion occurred. Serum PRL levels increased after @entity5 administration in 6 @entity0 and @entity4 infusion had no influence upon this response. Peak @entity5 levels were not different in both studies (14.9 +/- 1.7 and 17.1 +/- 4.0 ng/ml, respectively). Free @entity1 levels rose progressively during @entity4 administration (from 0.66 +/- 0.10 at 0 min to 1.04 +/- 0.10 mEq/l at 240 min) and were significantly higher than after @entity5 stimulation alone from 180 min up to the end of the test. Our results demonstrate that in active @entity2 @entity4 blunts the @entity3 response to @entity5 , though this effect is not uniformly seen in all @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity4 infusion on the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and prolactin response to @entity3 -releasing hormone administration in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess effect of intravenous recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator on size of @entity6 , left ventricular function, and survival in @entity4 . DESIGN: Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled prospective trial of @entity0 with @entity4 within five hours after onset of symptoms. SETTING: Twenty six referral centres participating in European cooperative study for recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator. @entity0 : Treatment group of 355 @entity0 with @entity4 allocated to receive intravenous recombinant plasminogen activator. Controls comprised 366 similar @entity0 allocated to receive placebo. INTERVENTION: All @entity0 were given @entity1 250 mg and bolus injection of 5000 IU heparin immediately before start of trial. @entity0 in treatment group were given 100 mg recombinant tissue plasminogen activator over three hours (10 mg intravenous bolus, 50 mg during one hour, and 40 mg during next two hours) by infusion. Controls were given placebo by same method. Full anticoagulation treatment and @entity1 were given to both groups until angiography (10-22 days after admission). beta Blockers were given at discharge. END POINT: Left ventricular function at 10-22 days, enzymatic @entity6 size, clinical course, and survival to three month follow up. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mortality was reduced by 51% (95% confidence interval -76 to 1) in treated @entity0 at 14 days after start of treatment and by 36% (-63 to 13) at three months. For treatment within three hours after @entity4 mortality was reduced by 82% (-95 to -31) at 14 days and by 59% (-83 to -2) at three months. During 14 days in hospital incidence of @entity3 was lower in treated @entity0 than controls ( @entity7 , 2.5% v 6.0%; @entity8 , 3.4% v 6.3%; and @entity9 , 6.2% v 11.0% respectively), but that of angioplasty or artery bypass, or both was higher (15.8% v 9.6%) during the first three months. Bleeding complications were commoner in treated than untreated @entity0 . Most were minor, but 1.4% of treated @entity0 had @entity5 within three days after start of infusion. Enzymatic size of @entity6 , determined by @entity10 dehydrogenase concentrations, was less (20%, 2p = 0.0018) in treated @entity0 than in controls. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 2.2% higher (0.3 to 4.0) and end diastolic and end systolic volumes smaller by 6.0 ml (-0.2 to -11.9) and 5.8 ml (-0.9 to -10.6), respectively, in treated @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator with heparin and @entity1 reduces size of @entity6 , preserves left ventricular function, and reduces complications and @entity2 from cardiac causes but at increased risk of bleeding complications4+

title: Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and size of XXXX , left ventricular function, and survival in @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess effect of intravenous recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator on size of @entity6 , left ventricular function, and survival in @entity4 . DESIGN: Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled prospective trial of @entity0 with @entity4 within five hours after onset of symptoms. SETTING: Twenty six referral centres participating in European cooperative study for recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator. @entity0 : Treatment group of 355 @entity0 with @entity4 allocated to receive intravenous recombinant plasminogen activator. Controls comprised 366 similar @entity0 allocated to receive placebo. INTERVENTION: All @entity0 were given @entity1 250 mg and bolus injection of 5000 IU heparin immediately before start of trial. @entity0 in treatment group were given 100 mg recombinant tissue plasminogen activator over three hours (10 mg intravenous bolus, 50 mg during one hour, and 40 mg during next two hours) by infusion. Controls were given placebo by same method. Full anticoagulation treatment and @entity1 were given to both groups until angiography (10-22 days after admission). beta Blockers were given at discharge. END POINT: Left ventricular function at 10-22 days, enzymatic @entity6 size, clinical course, and survival to three month follow up. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mortality was reduced by 51% (95% confidence interval -76 to 1) in treated @entity0 at 14 days after start of treatment and by 36% (-63 to 13) at three months. For treatment within three hours after @entity4 mortality was reduced by 82% (-95 to -31) at 14 days and by 59% (-83 to -2) at three months. During 14 days in hospital incidence of @entity3 was lower in treated @entity0 than controls ( @entity7 , 2.5% v 6.0%; @entity8 , 3.4% v 6.3%; and @entity9 , 6.2% v 11.0% respectively), but that of angioplasty or artery bypass, or both was higher (15.8% v 9.6%) during the first three months. Bleeding complications were commoner in treated than untreated @entity0 . Most were minor, but 1.4% of treated @entity0 had @entity5 within three days after start of infusion. Enzymatic size of @entity6 , determined by @entity10 dehydrogenase concentrations, was less (20%, 2p = 0.0018) in treated @entity0 than in controls. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 2.2% higher (0.3 to 4.0) and end diastolic and end systolic volumes smaller by 6.0 ml (-0.2 to -11.9) and 5.8 ml (-0.9 to -10.6), respectively, in treated @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator with heparin and @entity1 reduces size of @entity6 , preserves left ventricular function, and reduces complications and @entity2 from cardiac causes but at increased risk of bleeding complications4+

title: Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and size of @entity6 , left ventricular function, and survival in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: To evaluate the influences of transient @entity8 on transmitral blood flow velocity patterns, pulsed Doppler echocardiography was performed during @entity11 in 10 anesthetized open-chest @entity3 , and also during esophageal pacing or the administration of @entity12 in 79 @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and in 19 control subjects. During occlusion of the coronary artery, an abrupt decrease in the peak velocity of the rapid filling wave (R) was noted within one min simultaneously with rapid decrease of % wall thickening in the @entity1 regions. The peak velocity of @entity9 was augmented compensatorily. Although the transmitral blood flow velocity pattern did not change in the controls with esophageal pacing, changes similar to those which were obtained during experimental studies were demonstrated in @entity6 @entity0 . There were no significant differences between transmitral blood flow velocity patterns of @entity0 with multivessel disease and those with @entity2 . Ischemic changes in transmitral blood flow velocity patterns were not demonstrated in @entity0 with @entity5 . Sublingual @entity10 normalized post-pacing abnormal blood flow velocity patterns. In contrast, after the intravenous administration of 0.56 mg/kg of @entity12 , R and A were increased and the A/R ratio was unchanged both in @entity6 @entity0 and the control groups. Deceleration time, or the half time, was prolonged during both provocation tests in @entity6 @entity0 , and these changes were transient and were restored within several min. Furthermore, they were noted more frequently than was the development of ST @entity4 on ECG, or @entity7 . These findings indicate that the transmitral blood flow velocity patterns obtained by pulsed Doppler echocardiography are useful for detecting transient @entity8 , though they have limitations in diagnosing the extent of @entity6 .

title: [Transmitral blood flow velocity patterns evaluated by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in diagnosing transient XXXX ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This 1-year prospective study compared 125 construction engineers and 188 combat artillery soldiers to determine whether there were differences in injury occurrences/ types because of their diverse occupational tasks and training requirements. Also, intrinsic factors were studied to establish any associations with a soldier's risk for injury. METHODS: Prestudy height, weight, and body mass index and fitness (3.2-km run, sit-ups, push-ups) data were collected prior to the injury medical records review. Approximately 30% of each battalion was studied. RESULTS: For engineers and artillery, 86.0% and 66.0% incurred at least one injury, respectively. Of total soldiers, 64.0% of engineers and 56.4% of artillerymen had injuries associated with limited duty profiles. @entity0 resulted in 743 days of limited duty time (5.9 days per soldier) in engineers and 1,078 days (5.7 days per soldier) in artillery. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were also calculated. The odds of traumatic @entity1 were (OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 1.8-23.7) 6 times higher in engineers than artillery, but strains/sprains and @entity4 /lacerations were (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.5-3.7; OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.2-5.0) two times higher in artillery than engineers. The number of limited duty days associated with @entity3 was significantly higher in engineers than artillery (p < 0.0001), and number of days for @entity5 was significantly higher in the artillerymen (p < 0.0001). Greater body mass was a risk factor for @entity2 and the body mass index was > or = 25 for strains/sprains in both units. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in injuries were reported between the two units. It is plausible that the differences were related to the diverse training exposures of the units. However, it is beyond the scope of this study to make conclusions about the causes of the injury differences. The data also indicate that body mass and body mass index were identified as modifiable injury risk factors for both units, which suggests that these injuries are preventable.

title: XXXX and risk factors in construction engineers and combat artillery soldiers.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity8 , a rarely listed cause of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) among @entity0 starting renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the early seventies, has progressively gained in importance and become one of the major reasons for the continuous growth of the @entity0 population on RRT in most European countries. Amongst new @entity0 commencing RRT in 1985, the acceptance rate varied between 3 and 12 per million population for @entity2 and between one and four per million population for @entity2 . Nordic countries, particularly Sweden and Finland, had the highest acceptance rate of young @entity0 with @entity2 whose median ages were 38-42 years. In most central and southern European countries the median age of @entity0 with @entity2 varied between 50 and 58 years. The high number of young @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity6 in Nordic countries point to a different natural history of this disease. It cannot be excluded, however, that the higher median age in other countries might result from doctors mistakenly diagnosing type I disease in @entity0 with @entity3 who need insulin treatment. @entity0 with @entity2 had a similar age distribution at start of RRT throughout Europe and their median ages clustered around 60 years in most countries. The contribution of haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantation was analysed for @entity2 compared to non- @entity2 @entity6 . Despite large geographical differences in the proportional use of methods of treatment, a general trend to apply CAPD more frequently in @entity2 as compared to non- @entity2 @entity0 was observed, and this was true for countries with both predominant haemodialysis and predominant transplant programmes. Transplantation without prior dialysis was performed in 17% of Swedish and 30% of Norwegian @entity0 with @entity2 . In order to better explain the mortality of @entity0 with @entity2 @entity6 , the proportional distribution of causes of @entity4 was analysed. @entity5 and @entity7 was confirmed to be the leading cause of @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 on RRT. The coronary @entity4 rate was estimated to be 10 times greater in young @entity0 with @entity2 as compared to their non- @entity2 counterparts. Other cardiovascular as well as infectious causes were recorded in a similar proportion of @entity4 in diabetics as in non-diabetics. @entity1 @entity4 , however, appeared to be definitely less frequent in @entity0 on RRT due to @entity8 .

title: Renal replacement therapy in @entity0 with XXXX , 1980-1985. Report from the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry.

answer: @entity8