abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) overexpression on the cells' surface is stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, bacterial endotoxins, reactive @entity1 species and lipid @entity4 . In the serum also the soluble form of @entity5 (sVCAM-1) is present. The beta 1-integrin family molecule VLA-4 ( @entity6 ) is natural ligand for @entity5 . Increased concentrations of sVCAM-1 as well as overexpression of VLA-4 were observed during inflammatory reaction. THE AIM: To study sVCAM-1 serum concentrations and @entity6 + subpopulations of peripheral blood and decidual lymphocytes of the 3rd trimester healthy and preeclamptic @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study groups: n = 21 healthy pregnant @entity0 , n = 33 preeclamptic @entity0 ( @entity3 defined as blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg with @entity2 > 0.3 g/24 h). Clinical states of known pathogenesis which could possibly interfere with values of studied parameters were excluded. Exclusion criteria were also uterine contractions and premature rupture of amniotic membranes. Decidua was collected exclusively during elective caesarean sections. The sVCAM-1 concentration (ng/ml) was estimated using ELISA procedure, while percentage (%) of @entity6 + lymphocytes in the whole blood and homogenized decidual tissue, using flow cytometry. The results were presented as median value with 25% and 75% cut off values. Statistical analysis was performed with U-Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Preeclamptic @entity0 presented with increased sVCAM-1 serum concentrations (532.5 (400.0/605.0) ng/ml vs. 387.0 (320.0/416.5) ng/ml, p < 0.0005), increased (%) of @entity6 + peripheral blood (92.0 (88.0/96.0)% vs. 52.9 (47.5/55.8)%, p < 0.0000001) and @entity6 + decidual lymphocytes (88.0 (84.0/90.0)% vs. 80.5 (74.0/85.6)%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Described change suggest that immunological mechanisms similar to inflammatory reaction could be involved in pathogenesis of @entity3 in peripheral blood as well as locally inside maternal-fetal interface.

title: [Serum concentration of soluble @entity5 ( XXXX ) and expression of its receptor VLA-4 on the surface of peripheral blood and decidual lymphocytes of preeclamptic @entity0 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) overexpression on the cells' surface is stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, bacterial endotoxins, reactive @entity1 species and lipid @entity4 . In the serum also the soluble form of @entity5 (sVCAM-1) is present. The beta 1-integrin family molecule VLA-4 ( @entity6 ) is natural ligand for @entity5 . Increased concentrations of sVCAM-1 as well as overexpression of VLA-4 were observed during inflammatory reaction. THE AIM: To study sVCAM-1 serum concentrations and @entity6 + subpopulations of peripheral blood and decidual lymphocytes of the 3rd trimester healthy and preeclamptic @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study groups: n = 21 healthy pregnant @entity0 , n = 33 preeclamptic @entity0 ( @entity3 defined as blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg with @entity2 > 0.3 g/24 h). Clinical states of known pathogenesis which could possibly interfere with values of studied parameters were excluded. Exclusion criteria were also uterine contractions and premature rupture of amniotic membranes. Decidua was collected exclusively during elective caesarean sections. The sVCAM-1 concentration (ng/ml) was estimated using ELISA procedure, while percentage (%) of @entity6 + lymphocytes in the whole blood and homogenized decidual tissue, using flow cytometry. The results were presented as median value with 25% and 75% cut off values. Statistical analysis was performed with U-Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Preeclamptic @entity0 presented with increased sVCAM-1 serum concentrations (532.5 (400.0/605.0) ng/ml vs. 387.0 (320.0/416.5) ng/ml, p < 0.0005), increased (%) of @entity6 + peripheral blood (92.0 (88.0/96.0)% vs. 52.9 (47.5/55.8)%, p < 0.0000001) and @entity6 + decidual lymphocytes (88.0 (84.0/90.0)% vs. 80.5 (74.0/85.6)%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Described change suggest that immunological mechanisms similar to inflammatory reaction could be involved in pathogenesis of @entity3 in peripheral blood as well as locally inside maternal-fetal interface.

title: [Serum concentration of soluble @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and expression of its receptor VLA-4 on the surface of peripheral blood and decidual lymphocytes of preeclamptic XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: To enable future studies on host resistance factors and therapy, inbred and outbred @entity0 strains were tested for susceptibility to @entity3 . Groups of @entity0 were given 0.5 mg @entity1 3 days before and 4 days after intravaginal challenge with a suspension of @entity5 . On day 1 after challenge, a swab was used to quantitate infection in all groups and to assure equivalent infection levels. On day 6, this was repeated and the experiment was terminated. BALB/c, the reference strain in repeated experiments, was susceptible, showing persistent infection with levels of cfu at day 6 falling within a range between a twofold decrease and a fourfold increase in relation to day 1 levels. @entity4 outbred @entity0 were markedly resistant, with day 6 cfu levels showing a 74- to 87-fold decrease with respect to day 1 levels, whereas other outbred strains (CF-1, SW, ICR) were susceptible. A BALB/c substrain (ByJ) was also susceptible. With exception of CBA/J, which showed modest resistance, all inbred strains were similarly susceptible, including @entity7 /2, AKR/J, C3H/HeN, A/J and C57BL/6. The differences between @entity4 /c @entity0 were also seen with a second @entity5 isolate. Our results show susceptibility to @entity3 is independent of the major histocompatibility locus H2 haplotype and any effect ascribable to use of particular commercial @entity0 suppliers. Differences among @entity0 strains in susceptibility to @entity5 , as seen in previous studies involving nonvaginal challenge routes, are not reflected in this @entity3 model; in general, such resistance patterns appear specific to the route of challenge administration. The resistance seen in @entity0 @entity4 is of particular interest in that @entity4 is known to be resistant to endocrine disruption by @entity2 . Our results suggest this @entity2 insensitivity may have broad-ranging effects on processes other than gametogenesis, including vaginal susceptibility to @entity6 .

title: Genetic susceptibility to XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Studies have shown that Asian Indians, both in India and the UK, have a high prevalence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). A diet rich in saturated fats and a secondary lifestyle are contributory factors. There is published data recommending dietary change as one measure for primary prevention of @entity4 in India. The aims of the study were to: Investigate @entity0 ' understanding and awareness of dietary measures in the prevention of @entity4 Advise @entity0 on how to modify their diet, taking into consideration religious and financial constraints. Provide some answers to the questions which @entity0 often have about @entity4 and its prevention. The project was carried out at the R G Kar Hospital, a government hospital in north Kolkata (formally Calcutta), West Bengal, in eastern India and at a general practice six kilometres south of the hospital. @entity0 admitted with angina, @entity5 , elevated serum @entity2 or a past medical history of @entity1 or @entity3 , were identified. A questionnaire was devised containing a list of foods commonly used by those on Bengali food. @entity0 were asked to mark on the list, or report verbally, those they felt were suitable for them to eat. They were also asked about their daily food intake and advised as to how their diet could be modified. At the hospital, 28 subjects were interviewed. Of the responses relating to identification of suitable foods 48% were found to be correct; of the responses identifying unsuitable foods 39% were correct. In general practice, 62 subjects were interviewed; 50% of the responses identifying suitable foods were correct whereas 60% of the responses identifying unsuitable foods were correct. The study showed that there is a need for further @entity0 education regarding the effects of diet on the heart. The study was of greater use in the general practice setting, which caters for a middle class population; this group is at greater risk of @entity4 due to their food habits and lifestyle. Lower classes are, however, also at risk but are less likely to consume many of the unhealthy foods simply on account of their higher price.

title: XXXX prevention in Kolkata, India.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy of @entity4 -enhanced MRI in gauging the extent of the tissue damage induced by transrectal high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy and to assess how well the results obtained with this modality correlate with histological findings (control biopsies). METHODS: Twenty-one @entity0 with biopsy-proven @entity3 (T1-T2-T3a, Nx, M0) who gave informed consent were included in the protocol. They underwent pre- and postoperative (2-5 days after HIFU treatment) MR examinations. Fifteen @entity0 also underwent a follow-up MR examination 1-5 months postoperatively. MR findings were compared with the results of postoperative transrectal biopsy examinations. RESULTS: The prostate volume increased after the HIFU session from 43.9+/-18.6 to 52.1+/-21 cm(3) by day 2 (p<0.001). On fat-saturated @entity4 -enhanced T1-weighted images, the treated area appeared as a hypointense zone surrounded by a peripheral rim of enhancement in all @entity0 . A positive correlation (r = 0.75) was found between the volume of the hypointense zone measured at days 2-5 (30+/-11 cm(3), 67% of the posttreatment prostate volume) and the theoretical target volume (22+/-5 cm(3), 61% of the initial prostate volume). MRI showed that the anterior part of the base was not reached by the ultrasound beam. The mean volume of the untreated zone (prostate without any MRI modifications) was 8 cm(3) (range, 0.4-36). No correlation was found between the MRI appearance of the treated area and the intensity of the @entity2 or the presence of foci of residual, viable @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity4 -enhanced MRI is an accurate way of determining the extent of tissue damage induced in HIFU ablative therapy, but cannot predict histological results.

title: MRI appearance of prostate following transrectal HIFU ablation of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 , or @entity6 , is a chronic @entity2 with many manifestations. Though still a major health concern and leading cause of @entity7 in the developing world, it is rare in the United States, with only about 150 cases reported each year. Nevertheless, it is imperative that neurosurgeons consider it in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 . The causative organism is @entity8 , which infects and damages Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, leading first to sensory and then to motor deficits. A rare presentation of @entity6 is pure @entity4 . It is characterized by nerve involvement without the characteristic cutaneous stigmata. The authors of this report describe a case of pure @entity4 presenting as @entity1 with corresponding radiographic, electrodiagnostic, and histopathological data. This 11-year-old, otherwise healthy male presented with progressive @entity3 and @entity5 with no cutaneous abnormalities. Physical examination and electrodiagnostic testing revealed findings consistent with a severe @entity1 at the elbow. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse thickening and enhancement of the ulnar nerve and narrowing at the cubital tunnel. The @entity0 underwent ulnar nerve decompression with biopsy. Pathology revealed acid-fast organisms within the nerve, which was pathognomonic for @entity6 . He was started on antibiotic therapy, and on follow-up he had improved strength and sensation in the ulnar nerve distribution. Pure @entity4 , though rare in the United States, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of those presenting with @entity7 and a history of travel to @entity6 . The long incubation period of @entity8 , the ability of @entity6 to mimic other conditions, and the low sensitivity of serological tests make clinical, electrodiagnostic, and radiographic evaluation necessary for diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is imperative to prevent permanent @entity1 .

title: Pure @entity4 presenting as XXXX : a case report of electrodiagnostic, radiographic, and histopathological findings.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 , or @entity6 , is a chronic @entity2 with many manifestations. Though still a major health concern and leading cause of @entity7 in the developing world, it is rare in the United States, with only about 150 cases reported each year. Nevertheless, it is imperative that neurosurgeons consider it in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 . The causative organism is @entity8 , which infects and damages Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, leading first to sensory and then to motor deficits. A rare presentation of @entity6 is pure @entity4 . It is characterized by nerve involvement without the characteristic cutaneous stigmata. The authors of this report describe a case of pure @entity4 presenting as @entity1 with corresponding radiographic, electrodiagnostic, and histopathological data. This 11-year-old, otherwise healthy male presented with progressive @entity3 and @entity5 with no cutaneous abnormalities. Physical examination and electrodiagnostic testing revealed findings consistent with a severe @entity1 at the elbow. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse thickening and enhancement of the ulnar nerve and narrowing at the cubital tunnel. The @entity0 underwent ulnar nerve decompression with biopsy. Pathology revealed acid-fast organisms within the nerve, which was pathognomonic for @entity6 . He was started on antibiotic therapy, and on follow-up he had improved strength and sensation in the ulnar nerve distribution. Pure @entity4 , though rare in the United States, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of those presenting with @entity7 and a history of travel to @entity6 . The long incubation period of @entity8 , the ability of @entity6 to mimic other conditions, and the low sensitivity of serological tests make clinical, electrodiagnostic, and radiographic evaluation necessary for diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is imperative to prevent permanent @entity1 .

title: Pure XXXX presenting as @entity1 : a case report of electrodiagnostic, radiographic, and histopathological findings.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Increased microvessel density (MVD) of @entity2 seems to be associated with poor prognosis and higher stage. Assessment of MVD using noninvasive methods could be of use in the work-up of @entity0 with @entity2 . The aim of the present study was to correlate three-dimensional contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasound (3D-CE-PDU) findings with MVD characteristics of radical prostatectomy specimens. METHODS: Seven @entity0 with biopsy-proven @entity2 had 3D-CE-PDU investigations 2-3 weeks after prostate biopsies were taken and prior to radical prostatectomy. The investigations were performed using Levovist contrast agent (Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) in combination with a Voluson 530D ultrasound scanner (Kretz AG, Zipf, Austria). The 7 @entity0 were selected because of lateralization of the contrast enhancement. Histology slides were made of the side with 'contrast enhancement' and of the contralateral 'unenhanced' side and stained according to the catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD) amplification procedure, and MVD parameters were obtained. RESULTS: In all @entity0 the MVD count of the 'enhanced' side was higher than the MVD count of the 'unenhanced' side, averaging 1.93 times higher. On histology all enhanced lesions proved to contain @entity2 tissue (average maximum diameter 25 mm (range 17-31)). Two @entity0 had a small @entity1 lesion (4 and 5 mm respectively) and in total 5 @entity0 had even smaller satellite lesions (1-2 mm). The smaller lesions were not identified using 3D-CE-PDU. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that 3D power Doppler contrast ultrasonography is a minimally invasive imaging modality, which has the potential to visualize lesions with increased MVD. This property of 3D-CE-PDU could be used in the detection of @entity2 .

title: Microvessel density: correlation between contrast ultrasonography and histology of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare histological features of @entity3 according to both @entity1 , defined by a body mass index (BMI) >= 30 kg/m2, and androgenic status in @entity0 who underwent radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2007 and September 2013, clinical, pathological and biological data were prospectively collected for @entity0 referred for radical prostatectomy in a single European center. Preoperative total @entity2 (TT) and bioavailable @entity2 (bioT) serum determinations were performed. The threshold for @entity4 was set at TT <3 ng/mL. The preoperative @entity5 value was registered. Gleason score (GS) and predominant Gleason pattern (PrdGP) were determined in prostate tissue specimens, and crosschecked by two uro-pathologists. Statistical analyzes were done for PrdGP4 risk assessment. RESULTS: A total of 937 consecutive @entity0 were included. One hundred and thirty-five filled the criterion for @entity1 (14.4%), out of which 42 had TT <3 ng/mL (31.1%), while in non- @entity1 @entity0 , only 97 had TT <3 ng/mL (12.0%). In prostate specimens, mean GS was 6.8  0.5: 291 @entity0 (31.1%) had a PrdGP4. The incidence of PrdGP4 was higher (p<0.001) in the 135 @entity1 @entity0 [50% when hypogonadal (p<0.02) or 42% when eugonadal (p<0.005)] than in non- @entity1 @entity0 (28.9% and 27.1%, respectively). In multivariable analyzis for PrdGP4 risk, @entity1 , TT <3 ng/mL, @entity5 , and age were independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity1 and @entity4 are independent risk factors for PrdGP4 in @entity0 who underwent radical prostatectomy and should be taken into account in @entity3 management, to improve the therapeutic choice, especially when prostate sparing approach is considered.

title: XXXX and @entity4 are associated with an increased risk of predominant Gleason 4 pattern on radical prostatectomy specimen.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare histological features of @entity3 according to both @entity1 , defined by a body mass index (BMI) >= 30 kg/m2, and androgenic status in @entity0 who underwent radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2007 and September 2013, clinical, pathological and biological data were prospectively collected for @entity0 referred for radical prostatectomy in a single European center. Preoperative total @entity2 (TT) and bioavailable @entity2 (bioT) serum determinations were performed. The threshold for @entity4 was set at TT <3 ng/mL. The preoperative @entity5 value was registered. Gleason score (GS) and predominant Gleason pattern (PrdGP) were determined in prostate tissue specimens, and crosschecked by two uro-pathologists. Statistical analyzes were done for PrdGP4 risk assessment. RESULTS: A total of 937 consecutive @entity0 were included. One hundred and thirty-five filled the criterion for @entity1 (14.4%), out of which 42 had TT <3 ng/mL (31.1%), while in non- @entity1 @entity0 , only 97 had TT <3 ng/mL (12.0%). In prostate specimens, mean GS was 6.8  0.5: 291 @entity0 (31.1%) had a PrdGP4. The incidence of PrdGP4 was higher (p<0.001) in the 135 @entity1 @entity0 [50% when hypogonadal (p<0.02) or 42% when eugonadal (p<0.005)] than in non- @entity1 @entity0 (28.9% and 27.1%, respectively). In multivariable analyzis for PrdGP4 risk, @entity1 , TT <3 ng/mL, @entity5 , and age were independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity1 and @entity4 are independent risk factors for PrdGP4 in @entity0 who underwent radical prostatectomy and should be taken into account in @entity3 management, to improve the therapeutic choice, especially when prostate sparing approach is considered.

title: @entity1 and XXXX are associated with an increased risk of predominant Gleason 4 pattern on radical prostatectomy specimen.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of surgery compared with conservative treatment (no surgery) for @entity8 . DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Nationwide Danish cohort. @entity0 : 3213 @entity0 , mean age 61 (SD 16) years, with a diagnosis of @entity8 between 1980 and 1999. 1934 (60%) underwent surgery and 1279 (40%) were treated conservatively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Occurrence of @entity7 , @entity6 , kidney or urinary tract stones, @entity9 , @entity14 , @entity13 , @entity4 , @entity10 , @entity2 , acute @entity11 , @entity16 , @entity12 , @entity1 , @entity5 , and mortality. RESULTS: At diagnosis of @entity8 , @entity0 who subsequently underwent surgery had a lower prevalence of previous @entity7 (odds ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 0.80), @entity9 (0.59, 0.42 to 0.83), @entity2 (0.57, 0.37 to 0.88), @entity5 (0.54, 0.31 to 0.94), and @entity12 (0.44, 0.26 to 0.76), whereas @entity15 (2.49, 1.93 to 3.23) and acute @entity11 (2.77, 1.33 to 5.76) were more prevalent. After diagnosis, the risks of @entity7 (hazards ratio 0.69, 0.56 to 0.84) and @entity16 (0.59, 0.41 to 0.84) were lower in @entity0 treated surgically than those treated conservatively. Events involving kidney or urinary tact stones were more prevalent in @entity0 treated surgically than @entity0 treated conservatively (1.87, 1.30 to 2.68). Mortality was lower in @entity0 treated surgically (0.65, 0.57 to 0.73). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 treated surgically for @entity8 have a lower prevalence of @entity7 and @entity16 than @entity0 treated conservatively. The type of treatment had no effect on the occurrence of @entity3 .

title: Cohort study on effects of parathyroid surgery on multiple outcomes in XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity1 -resistant @entity2 is widely spread worldwide. Our study was undertaken to examine the susceptibility and serotypes of @entity4 in northern Thailand. Ninety-three @entity4 strains were isolated from 93 @entity0 at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand, from September 1999 to June 2000. The strains were isolated from sputum (n = 51), blood (n = 15), nasopharynges (n = 14), and other sources (e.g., pus, ears, @entity3 , and cerebrospinal fluid) (n = 13). Of the 93 isolates, 29 (31.2%) were susceptible, 24 (25.8%) showed intermediate resistance (MIC, 0.12 to 1.0 micro g/ml), and 40 (43.0%) were fully resistant (MIC, >/=2.0 micro g/ml) to @entity5 . Seven (46.7%) from blood, 5 (35.7%) from nasopharynges, 15 (29.4%) from sputum, and 2 (15.4%) from other sources were susceptible isolates. Serotyping with the use of antiserum revealed differences in the predominant types that were susceptible (6A, 11A, and 19A), intermediately resistant (6B and 23F), and fully resistant (6B, 19F, and 23F). Molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of multidrug-resistant pneumococci showed four patterns (A, B, C, and D) for 16 isolates of serotype 19F, with pattern B being predominant (12 isolates). This finding was different from that with the Taiwan multidrug-resistant serotype 19F clone. Eleven isolates of serotype 6B all showed pattern E, and nine isolates of serotype 23F showed two patterns (F and G), with pattern F being predominant (seven isolates). This finding was similar to that with the Spanish multidrug-resistant serotype 23F clone. Our results indicated that the resistance of pneumococci to antibiotics in northern Thailand is progressing rapidly and that effort should be intensified to prevent any spread of pandemic multidrug-resistant serotypes 19F, 6B, and 23F.

title: Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution of XXXX and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant serotype 19F, 6B, and 23F Pneumococci in northern Thailand.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The existing literature is inconsistent with respect to optimal dietary concentrations of @entity9 ( @entity7 ) and @entity2 ( @entity10 ) in broiler feed. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the response of broilers to dietary levels of @entity7 using a full quadratic model based on mixed model methodology. Response was measured as ADG (g/d), ADFI (g/d), and G:F (g/g). In addition, the influence of other dietary constituents was evaluated. This meta-analysis was based on a data set comprising a total of 9,626 broilers in 10 peer-reviewed papers that investigated the response of broilers to different dietary concentrations of @entity7 , achieved by addition of free @entity7 . The fitted quadratic model, with either @entity7 + @entity10 or the calculated @entity9 equivalent (Glyequi) of both @entity6 as the independent variable, revealed that all model terms were significant (P  <= 0.05), and hence proved a curvilinear relationship between these independent variables and response traits. The R(2) value and root @entity0 error confirmed a strong relationship between observed and predicted traits. A comparison of the influence of @entity7 + @entity10 and Glyequi on response traits revealed that both approaches produced similar results. Because Glyequi should meet the physiological values of a diet better than @entity7 + @entity10 , models with 2 independent variables were conducted using Glyequi. The second independent variables were @entity3 ( @entity8 ):TSAA ratio and the concentrations of @entity1 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 . In models with one or 2 independent variables, the impact of dietary @entity7 on ADFI was low. By contrast, G:F was markedly influenced by dietary @entity7 ; this effect intensified at lower @entity8 :TSAA ratios and higher @entity4 and @entity5 levels. ADG was also a function of Glyequi and the second independent variables. For ADG, an optimal @entity8 :TSAA ratio of 0.655 and @entity4 concentration of 0.302% was calculated. Following the nonlinear nature of relationship, generally applicable replacement values could not be calculated. However, it was concluded that consideration of dietary @entity4 can diminish the requirement for Glyequi, and therefore, enable a reduction in the @entity5 of broiler diets without limiting growth performance.

title: Meta-analysis of the influence of dietary XXXX and @entity2 , with consideration of @entity3 and @entity1 , on growth and feed conversion of broilers.

answer: @entity9


abstract: The existing literature is inconsistent with respect to optimal dietary concentrations of @entity9 ( @entity7 ) and @entity2 ( @entity10 ) in broiler feed. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the response of broilers to dietary levels of @entity7 using a full quadratic model based on mixed model methodology. Response was measured as ADG (g/d), ADFI (g/d), and G:F (g/g). In addition, the influence of other dietary constituents was evaluated. This meta-analysis was based on a data set comprising a total of 9,626 broilers in 10 peer-reviewed papers that investigated the response of broilers to different dietary concentrations of @entity7 , achieved by addition of free @entity7 . The fitted quadratic model, with either @entity7 + @entity10 or the calculated @entity9 equivalent (Glyequi) of both @entity6 as the independent variable, revealed that all model terms were significant (P  <= 0.05), and hence proved a curvilinear relationship between these independent variables and response traits. The R(2) value and root @entity0 error confirmed a strong relationship between observed and predicted traits. A comparison of the influence of @entity7 + @entity10 and Glyequi on response traits revealed that both approaches produced similar results. Because Glyequi should meet the physiological values of a diet better than @entity7 + @entity10 , models with 2 independent variables were conducted using Glyequi. The second independent variables were @entity3 ( @entity8 ):TSAA ratio and the concentrations of @entity1 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 . In models with one or 2 independent variables, the impact of dietary @entity7 on ADFI was low. By contrast, G:F was markedly influenced by dietary @entity7 ; this effect intensified at lower @entity8 :TSAA ratios and higher @entity4 and @entity5 levels. ADG was also a function of Glyequi and the second independent variables. For ADG, an optimal @entity8 :TSAA ratio of 0.655 and @entity4 concentration of 0.302% was calculated. Following the nonlinear nature of relationship, generally applicable replacement values could not be calculated. However, it was concluded that consideration of dietary @entity4 can diminish the requirement for Glyequi, and therefore, enable a reduction in the @entity5 of broiler diets without limiting growth performance.

title: Meta-analysis of the influence of dietary @entity9 and XXXX , with consideration of @entity3 and @entity1 , on growth and feed conversion of broilers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The existing literature is inconsistent with respect to optimal dietary concentrations of @entity9 ( @entity7 ) and @entity2 ( @entity10 ) in broiler feed. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the response of broilers to dietary levels of @entity7 using a full quadratic model based on mixed model methodology. Response was measured as ADG (g/d), ADFI (g/d), and G:F (g/g). In addition, the influence of other dietary constituents was evaluated. This meta-analysis was based on a data set comprising a total of 9,626 broilers in 10 peer-reviewed papers that investigated the response of broilers to different dietary concentrations of @entity7 , achieved by addition of free @entity7 . The fitted quadratic model, with either @entity7 + @entity10 or the calculated @entity9 equivalent (Glyequi) of both @entity6 as the independent variable, revealed that all model terms were significant (P  <= 0.05), and hence proved a curvilinear relationship between these independent variables and response traits. The R(2) value and root @entity0 error confirmed a strong relationship between observed and predicted traits. A comparison of the influence of @entity7 + @entity10 and Glyequi on response traits revealed that both approaches produced similar results. Because Glyequi should meet the physiological values of a diet better than @entity7 + @entity10 , models with 2 independent variables were conducted using Glyequi. The second independent variables were @entity3 ( @entity8 ):TSAA ratio and the concentrations of @entity1 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 . In models with one or 2 independent variables, the impact of dietary @entity7 on ADFI was low. By contrast, G:F was markedly influenced by dietary @entity7 ; this effect intensified at lower @entity8 :TSAA ratios and higher @entity4 and @entity5 levels. ADG was also a function of Glyequi and the second independent variables. For ADG, an optimal @entity8 :TSAA ratio of 0.655 and @entity4 concentration of 0.302% was calculated. Following the nonlinear nature of relationship, generally applicable replacement values could not be calculated. However, it was concluded that consideration of dietary @entity4 can diminish the requirement for Glyequi, and therefore, enable a reduction in the @entity5 of broiler diets without limiting growth performance.

title: Meta-analysis of the influence of dietary @entity9 and @entity2 , with consideration of XXXX and @entity1 , on growth and feed conversion of broilers.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The existing literature is inconsistent with respect to optimal dietary concentrations of @entity9 ( @entity7 ) and @entity2 ( @entity10 ) in broiler feed. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the response of broilers to dietary levels of @entity7 using a full quadratic model based on mixed model methodology. Response was measured as ADG (g/d), ADFI (g/d), and G:F (g/g). In addition, the influence of other dietary constituents was evaluated. This meta-analysis was based on a data set comprising a total of 9,626 broilers in 10 peer-reviewed papers that investigated the response of broilers to different dietary concentrations of @entity7 , achieved by addition of free @entity7 . The fitted quadratic model, with either @entity7 + @entity10 or the calculated @entity9 equivalent (Glyequi) of both @entity6 as the independent variable, revealed that all model terms were significant (P  <= 0.05), and hence proved a curvilinear relationship between these independent variables and response traits. The R(2) value and root @entity0 error confirmed a strong relationship between observed and predicted traits. A comparison of the influence of @entity7 + @entity10 and Glyequi on response traits revealed that both approaches produced similar results. Because Glyequi should meet the physiological values of a diet better than @entity7 + @entity10 , models with 2 independent variables were conducted using Glyequi. The second independent variables were @entity3 ( @entity8 ):TSAA ratio and the concentrations of @entity1 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 . In models with one or 2 independent variables, the impact of dietary @entity7 on ADFI was low. By contrast, G:F was markedly influenced by dietary @entity7 ; this effect intensified at lower @entity8 :TSAA ratios and higher @entity4 and @entity5 levels. ADG was also a function of Glyequi and the second independent variables. For ADG, an optimal @entity8 :TSAA ratio of 0.655 and @entity4 concentration of 0.302% was calculated. Following the nonlinear nature of relationship, generally applicable replacement values could not be calculated. However, it was concluded that consideration of dietary @entity4 can diminish the requirement for Glyequi, and therefore, enable a reduction in the @entity5 of broiler diets without limiting growth performance.

title: Meta-analysis of the influence of dietary @entity9 and @entity2 , with consideration of @entity3 and XXXX , on growth and feed conversion of broilers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform a more critical assessment of @entity4 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Graft patency may give an unrealistic impression of the outcome of bypass surgery. METHODS: During a 6-year period, 236 @entity0 undergoing primary vein grafts were entered into the study. An ideal outcome required the @entity0 to have survived 12 months with a patent graft on duplex scanning, no perioperative complication, and no further related open or endovascular surgery or admission. RESULTS: At 12 months, the secondary graft patency rate was 82%; however, only 22% of @entity0 had an ideal outcome. At 1 year, 44 (19%) @entity0 died, 93 (39%) required further ipsilateral and 39 (17%) contralateral intervention, and a total of 108 (46%) were readmitted. An ideal outcome was more likely in @entity0 receiving @entity1 channel blockers, principally because of improved primary patency, and less likely in those with @entity2 requiring @entity3 , principally because of worse survival in these @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Few @entity0 achieve an ideal result after @entity4 . Outcome may be improved by the use of @entity1 channel blockers. Careful consideration is required before performing revascularization in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Critical assessment of the outcome of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a risk factor for cardiovascular events, but its effect on @entity2 risk is established mainly in whites. The effect of LV geometry on @entity1 risk has not been defined. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether @entity4 and LV geometry are independently associated with increased @entity2 risk in a multiethnic population. METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted on 394 @entity0 with first @entity2 and 413 age-, sex-, and race-ethnicity-matched community control subjects. LV mass was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. LV geometric patterns (normal, concentric remodeling, concentric or @entity3 ) were identified. @entity1 risk associated with @entity4 and different LV geometric patterns was assessed by conditional logistic regression analysis in the overall group and age, sex, and race-ethnic strata, with adjustment for established @entity1 risk factors. RESULTS: @entity3 carried the greatest @entity1 risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 6.2), followed by @entity3 (adjusted OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 2.0 to 4.3). Concentric remodeling carried slightly @entity1 risk (adjusted OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.9). Increased LV relative wall thickness was independently associated with @entity1 after adjustment for LV mass (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.3). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 and abnormal LV geometry are independently associated with @entity1 risk. @entity4 is strongly associated with @entity2 in all age, sex, and race-ethnic subgroups. Increased LV relative wall thickness imparts an @entity1 risk after adjustment for LV mass and is of additional value in @entity1 risk prediction.

title: Left ventricular mass and geometry and the risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A large number of @entity0 with a history of @entity3 have a low plasma volume at least six months postpartum. The objective of this study was to determine whether a low plasma volume in formerly pre-eclamptic @entity0 and @entity4 @entity0 is associated with an increased risk for recurrent @entity1 complications in a next pregnancy. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Tertiary obstetric centre. SAMPLE: Formerly pre-eclamptic @entity0 and controls. METHODS: In 316 @entity0 with a history of @entity3 and/or @entity4 , we measured, plasma volume along with haemodynamic, metabolic and haemostatic variables at least six months postpartum. A group of 22 healthy parous controls was used as a reference. After standardising plasma volume for body mass index, @entity0 were subdivided into normotensive and normal plasma volume (n = 199), normotensive and low plasma volume (n = 76) and @entity1 (n = 41) subgroups, which were compared for demography, clinical parameters and course of a next pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Recurrent @entity1 . RESULTS: Relative to the normal plasma volume subgroup, normotensive @entity0 in the low plasma volume subgroup have a higher body mass index, a lower total vascular compliance and a shorter estimated systemic circulation time. They have a higher HOMA index and higher fasting @entity2 levels. In normotensive and @entity1 former @entity0 alike, low plasma volume is associated with a higher recurrence of @entity1 complications in a next pregnancy compared with normotensive @entity0 with normal plasma volume. CONCLUSION: Low plasma volume in normotensive @entity0 with a history of @entity3 and/or @entity4 is associated with overweight, reduced vascular compliance and insulin resistance and a predisposition for recurrent @entity3 and @entity4 in a next pregnancy.

title: Low plasma volume following pregnancy complicated by XXXX predisposes for @entity1 disease in a next pregnancy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A large number of @entity0 with a history of @entity3 have a low plasma volume at least six months postpartum. The objective of this study was to determine whether a low plasma volume in formerly pre-eclamptic @entity0 and @entity4 @entity0 is associated with an increased risk for recurrent @entity1 complications in a next pregnancy. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Tertiary obstetric centre. SAMPLE: Formerly pre-eclamptic @entity0 and controls. METHODS: In 316 @entity0 with a history of @entity3 and/or @entity4 , we measured, plasma volume along with haemodynamic, metabolic and haemostatic variables at least six months postpartum. A group of 22 healthy parous controls was used as a reference. After standardising plasma volume for body mass index, @entity0 were subdivided into normotensive and normal plasma volume (n = 199), normotensive and low plasma volume (n = 76) and @entity1 (n = 41) subgroups, which were compared for demography, clinical parameters and course of a next pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Recurrent @entity1 . RESULTS: Relative to the normal plasma volume subgroup, normotensive @entity0 in the low plasma volume subgroup have a higher body mass index, a lower total vascular compliance and a shorter estimated systemic circulation time. They have a higher HOMA index and higher fasting @entity2 levels. In normotensive and @entity1 former @entity0 alike, low plasma volume is associated with a higher recurrence of @entity1 complications in a next pregnancy compared with normotensive @entity0 with normal plasma volume. CONCLUSION: Low plasma volume in normotensive @entity0 with a history of @entity3 and/or @entity4 is associated with overweight, reduced vascular compliance and insulin resistance and a predisposition for recurrent @entity3 and @entity4 in a next pregnancy.

title: Low plasma volume following pregnancy complicated by @entity3 predisposes for XXXX disease in a next pregnancy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: SUMMARY: The recent identification and molecular characterization of @entity0 antigens provides the opportunity to explore the rational development of peptide-based @entity0 vaccines. However, the response to these vaccines remains variable, and peptide-based @entity0 vaccines may even produce tolerance induction and enhanced @entity0 growth. The authors have developed a unique method for the isolation of a polysaccharide polymer of chemically pure @entity3 ( @entity3 ). This highly purified polysaccharide can be formulated into a stable gel matrix (designated F2 gel matrix) with unique properties of a sustained-release delivery system that has previously been shown to be an effective immune adjuvant. F2 gel matrix is capable of providing sustained release of antigenic peptide and cytokine in vitro. The purposes of this study were to characterize the ability of F2 gel matrix to provide sustained local release of cytokines in vivo and to test the hypothesis that such sustained release can enhance the microenvironment for antigen presentation, leading to a more effective antitumor response. Subcutaneous administration of F2 gel/cytokine matrix resulted in sustained release of cytokine at the vaccine site for up to 120 hours. Sustained release of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was associated with an increased inflammatory infiltrate at the vaccine site and enhanced dendritic cell activation. Further, accination with F2 gel/SIINFEKL/ @entity2 matrix resulted in enhanced antigen-specific immunity. Addition of @entity2 to the F2 gel matrix resulted in an increase in the percentage of antigen-specific T cells in the draining lymph nodes, enhanced @entity1 , a sustained presence of antigen-specific T cells in the peripheral blood, and protection from E.G7 @entity0 challenge. These results support the potential of an F2 gel matrix modular vaccine delivery system that can provide sustained local release of cytokine in vivo, and confirm the powerful effects of @entity2 as an immune adjuvant.

title: Sustained Release of XXXX From a Modular Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccine Alters Vaccine Microenvironment and Enhances the Antigen-Specific T-Cell Response.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 are very rarely seen and are often associated with @entity2 , @entity4 , and a high resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different treatment options for @entity0 with @entity5 . @entity0 with an @entity5 were divided into two treatment groups: surgical and nonsurgical. Retrospective chart review was performed, and a symptom questionnaire was created. There were six @entity0 in the nonsurgical group and 11 @entity0 in the surgical group. The mean follow-up was 26.4 months. Ten @entity0 had a laparoscopic operation performed. One @entity0 was operated on thoracoscopically and had to be converted to a thoracotomy. Two diverticula were inverted with good results. There was one postoperative esophageal leak where no myotomy was added. An @entity3 developed in another @entity0 at 4 weeks after surgery. One @entity0 , in whom no antireflux procedure was performed, reported postoperative heartburn. @entity0 in the nonsurgical group had smaller diverticula, were not good candidates for surgery, or were asymptomatic. Esophageal diverticula are very rarely seen. Asymptomatic @entity0 may not require therapy. If surgery is performed and the diverticulum is large, it should be removed. The laparoscopic approach is the surgical treatment of choice. A long myotomy and an antireflux procedure should be added to avoid esophageal leakage at the line of repair and @entity1 .

title: Management of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Opiates are potent analgesic and addictive compounds. They also act on immune responses, and @entity2 , the prototypic opiate, has been repeatedly described as an immunosuppressive drug. Pharmacological studies have suggested that the inhibitory action of opiates on immunity is mediated by multiple opioid receptor sites but molecular evidence has remained elusive. Recently, three genes encoding mu- ( @entity6 ), delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors have been cloned. To investigate whether the mu-opioid receptor is functionally implicated in @entity2 immunosuppression in vivo, we have examined immune responses of @entity0 with a genetic disruption of the @entity6 gene. In the absence of drug, there was no difference between wild-type and mutant @entity0 with regard to a large number of immunological endpoints, suggesting that the lack of @entity6 -encoded protein has little consequence on immune status. Chronic @entity2 administration induced lymphoid organ atrophy, diminished the ratio of @entity4 (+)CD8(+) cells in the thymus and strongly reduced natural killer activity in wild-type @entity0 . None of these effects was observed in @entity6 -deficient @entity0 after @entity2 treatment. This demonstrates that the @entity6 gene product represents a major molecular target for @entity2 action on the immune system. Because our previous studies of @entity6 -deficient @entity0 have shown that this receptor protein is also responsible for @entity2 @entity3 , reward, and physical dependence, the present results imply that @entity6 -targeted therapeutic drugs that are developed for the treatment of @entity1 or @entity5 may concomitantly influence immune responses.

title: Abolition of XXXX -immunosuppression in @entity0 lacking the mu-opioid receptor gene.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Opiates are potent analgesic and addictive compounds. They also act on immune responses, and @entity2 , the prototypic opiate, has been repeatedly described as an immunosuppressive drug. Pharmacological studies have suggested that the inhibitory action of opiates on immunity is mediated by multiple opioid receptor sites but molecular evidence has remained elusive. Recently, three genes encoding mu- ( @entity6 ), delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors have been cloned. To investigate whether the mu-opioid receptor is functionally implicated in @entity2 immunosuppression in vivo, we have examined immune responses of @entity0 with a genetic disruption of the @entity6 gene. In the absence of drug, there was no difference between wild-type and mutant @entity0 with regard to a large number of immunological endpoints, suggesting that the lack of @entity6 -encoded protein has little consequence on immune status. Chronic @entity2 administration induced lymphoid organ atrophy, diminished the ratio of @entity4 (+)CD8(+) cells in the thymus and strongly reduced natural killer activity in wild-type @entity0 . None of these effects was observed in @entity6 -deficient @entity0 after @entity2 treatment. This demonstrates that the @entity6 gene product represents a major molecular target for @entity2 action on the immune system. Because our previous studies of @entity6 -deficient @entity0 have shown that this receptor protein is also responsible for @entity2 @entity3 , reward, and physical dependence, the present results imply that @entity6 -targeted therapeutic drugs that are developed for the treatment of @entity1 or @entity5 may concomitantly influence immune responses.

title: Abolition of @entity2 -immunosuppression in XXXX lacking the mu-opioid receptor gene.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity11 ( @entity11 ) resulting from @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is common in elderly @entity0 , and significantly reduces their quality of life. Myocardial revascularisation procedures in this age group entail significant risks, largely related to comorbidities rather than advanced age itself. Coronary artery anatomy is more likely to be technically unsuitable for revascularisation and angina more resistant to drug treatment. Therefore, elderly @entity0 often take combinations of antianginal drugs. @entity4 channel antagonists (CCAs) are effective antianginal drugs first introduced for clinical use in the late 1970's. They reduce @entity2 by both causing vasodilatation of coronary resistance vessels and reducing cardiac workload (negative inotropic effect). However, adverse effects related to abrupt arterial vasodilatation limited the tolerability of these short acting 'first generation' drugs ( @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity10 ). Furthermore, short acting @entity6 may occasionally increase both the frequency of @entity8 and mortality in @entity0 with @entity3 . Since then, long acting formulations of first generation agents and new chemical entities (second and third generation drugs) have been developed. These are well tolerated and effective at attenuating both @entity2 and the frequency and severity of @entity8 in most @entity0 with stable @entity3 . Current guidelines on the drug treatment of @entity11 propose that beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (beta-blockers) should be used as first line medication primarily for their prognostic benefits, and that CCAs need only be introduced if beta-blockers are not tolerated, contraindicated or ineffective. Despite this, there is a wealth of evidence from clinical trials that demonstrate equal antianginal efficacy for CCAs and beta-blockers. The presence of chronic @entity7 and prior @entity5 are clear indications for the use of beta-blockers in preference to CCAs for the treatment of @entity11 . However, in @entity0 with both @entity11 and @entity1 , second and third generation CCAs may offer prognostic benefits of similar magnitude to those provided by beta-blockers. Therefore, antianginal drug therapy must be tailored to the individual needs and comorbidities of each elderly @entity0 .

title: Drug treatment of stable XXXX in the elderly: defining the place of @entity4 channel antagonists.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity11 ( @entity11 ) resulting from @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is common in elderly @entity0 , and significantly reduces their quality of life. Myocardial revascularisation procedures in this age group entail significant risks, largely related to comorbidities rather than advanced age itself. Coronary artery anatomy is more likely to be technically unsuitable for revascularisation and angina more resistant to drug treatment. Therefore, elderly @entity0 often take combinations of antianginal drugs. @entity4 channel antagonists (CCAs) are effective antianginal drugs first introduced for clinical use in the late 1970's. They reduce @entity2 by both causing vasodilatation of coronary resistance vessels and reducing cardiac workload (negative inotropic effect). However, adverse effects related to abrupt arterial vasodilatation limited the tolerability of these short acting 'first generation' drugs ( @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity10 ). Furthermore, short acting @entity6 may occasionally increase both the frequency of @entity8 and mortality in @entity0 with @entity3 . Since then, long acting formulations of first generation agents and new chemical entities (second and third generation drugs) have been developed. These are well tolerated and effective at attenuating both @entity2 and the frequency and severity of @entity8 in most @entity0 with stable @entity3 . Current guidelines on the drug treatment of @entity11 propose that beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (beta-blockers) should be used as first line medication primarily for their prognostic benefits, and that CCAs need only be introduced if beta-blockers are not tolerated, contraindicated or ineffective. Despite this, there is a wealth of evidence from clinical trials that demonstrate equal antianginal efficacy for CCAs and beta-blockers. The presence of chronic @entity7 and prior @entity5 are clear indications for the use of beta-blockers in preference to CCAs for the treatment of @entity11 . However, in @entity0 with both @entity11 and @entity1 , second and third generation CCAs may offer prognostic benefits of similar magnitude to those provided by beta-blockers. Therefore, antianginal drug therapy must be tailored to the individual needs and comorbidities of each elderly @entity0 .

title: Drug treatment of stable @entity8 in the elderly: defining the place of XXXX channel antagonists.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Mutant @entity2 -deficient B cells from knockout @entity0 lacking @entity3 , @entity2 / @entity2 or the transactivation domain of @entity7 exhibit distinct and selective cell-intrinsic defects in their ability to undergo class switch recombination ( @entity10 ) to specific Ig isotypes. This isotype-specific requirement for particular @entity2 transcription factors in B cells activated to undergo @entity10 is intriguing because the @entity2 composition in B cells is also highly regulated and can vary significantly depending upon how B cells are activated. These studies prompted us to test by retroviral transduction of normal B cells whether changes in the @entity2 composition in activated B cells could modulate cytokine-driven @entity10 . @entity8 , @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity2 and @entity9 were first expressed in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary B cells and then induced by cytokine addition to undergo @entity10 to @entity4 , IgE, @entity5 , @entity6 or IgA. Surprisingly, only retroviral expression of @entity8 altered @entity10 , resulting in a 3-fold decrease in @entity10 to @entity4 induced by @entity1 . This effect was isotype specific as @entity8 expression did not affect @entity10 to IgE within the same culture or to other isotypes tested. The transactivation domain of @entity8 was required for inhibition of @entity10 to @entity4 . Expression of @entity2 - @entity8 or @entity9 - @entity8 dimers joined covalently by a flexible peptide linker also specifically inhibited @entity4 @entity10 . @entity8 -mediated inhibition of @entity4 @entity10 was associated with a decrease in germline gamma1 transcription, but not with changes in proliferation as assayed by CFSE labeling. Thus, @entity8 complexes can specifically inhibit @entity10 to @entity4 , but not IgE, in activated, primary B cells.

title: Regulation of Ig class switch recombination by @entity2 : retroviral expression of XXXX in activated B cells inhibits switching to @entity4 , but not to IgE.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Mutant @entity2 -deficient B cells from knockout @entity0 lacking @entity3 , @entity2 / @entity2 or the transactivation domain of @entity7 exhibit distinct and selective cell-intrinsic defects in their ability to undergo class switch recombination ( @entity10 ) to specific Ig isotypes. This isotype-specific requirement for particular @entity2 transcription factors in B cells activated to undergo @entity10 is intriguing because the @entity2 composition in B cells is also highly regulated and can vary significantly depending upon how B cells are activated. These studies prompted us to test by retroviral transduction of normal B cells whether changes in the @entity2 composition in activated B cells could modulate cytokine-driven @entity10 . @entity8 , @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity2 and @entity9 were first expressed in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary B cells and then induced by cytokine addition to undergo @entity10 to @entity4 , IgE, @entity5 , @entity6 or IgA. Surprisingly, only retroviral expression of @entity8 altered @entity10 , resulting in a 3-fold decrease in @entity10 to @entity4 induced by @entity1 . This effect was isotype specific as @entity8 expression did not affect @entity10 to IgE within the same culture or to other isotypes tested. The transactivation domain of @entity8 was required for inhibition of @entity10 to @entity4 . Expression of @entity2 - @entity8 or @entity9 - @entity8 dimers joined covalently by a flexible peptide linker also specifically inhibited @entity4 @entity10 . @entity8 -mediated inhibition of @entity4 @entity10 was associated with a decrease in germline gamma1 transcription, but not with changes in proliferation as assayed by CFSE labeling. Thus, @entity8 complexes can specifically inhibit @entity10 to @entity4 , but not IgE, in activated, primary B cells.

title: Regulation of Ig class switch recombination by @entity2 : retroviral expression of @entity8 in activated B cells inhibits switching to XXXX , but not to IgE.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Mutant @entity2 -deficient B cells from knockout @entity0 lacking @entity3 , @entity2 / @entity2 or the transactivation domain of @entity7 exhibit distinct and selective cell-intrinsic defects in their ability to undergo class switch recombination ( @entity10 ) to specific Ig isotypes. This isotype-specific requirement for particular @entity2 transcription factors in B cells activated to undergo @entity10 is intriguing because the @entity2 composition in B cells is also highly regulated and can vary significantly depending upon how B cells are activated. These studies prompted us to test by retroviral transduction of normal B cells whether changes in the @entity2 composition in activated B cells could modulate cytokine-driven @entity10 . @entity8 , @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity2 and @entity9 were first expressed in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary B cells and then induced by cytokine addition to undergo @entity10 to @entity4 , IgE, @entity5 , @entity6 or IgA. Surprisingly, only retroviral expression of @entity8 altered @entity10 , resulting in a 3-fold decrease in @entity10 to @entity4 induced by @entity1 . This effect was isotype specific as @entity8 expression did not affect @entity10 to IgE within the same culture or to other isotypes tested. The transactivation domain of @entity8 was required for inhibition of @entity10 to @entity4 . Expression of @entity2 - @entity8 or @entity9 - @entity8 dimers joined covalently by a flexible peptide linker also specifically inhibited @entity4 @entity10 . @entity8 -mediated inhibition of @entity4 @entity10 was associated with a decrease in germline gamma1 transcription, but not with changes in proliferation as assayed by CFSE labeling. Thus, @entity8 complexes can specifically inhibit @entity10 to @entity4 , but not IgE, in activated, primary B cells.

title: Regulation of Ig class switch recombination by XXXX : retroviral expression of @entity8 in activated B cells inhibits switching to @entity4 , but not to IgE.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity6 family includes @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity7 , all of which have been used as antibiotics effectively for decades. New uses emerged for these compounds after their effect on mitochondrial function was discovered. Cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of these compounds was shown against cell lines of @entity3 origins. In addition, @entity8 and chemically modified @entity8 inhibit the activity of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Given the importance of these enzymes in @entity3 cell invasion and metastatic ability, the potential use of @entity8 in @entity3 therapy needed to be investigated. Col-3, a chemically modified @entity6 , is now the subject of clinical trials in @entity3 @entity1 . However, the potential of @entity8 in @entity3 therapy takes on an added dimension in the bone. MMPs have been shown to be important mediators of @entity2 formation in the bone, contributing largely to the morbidity of @entity0 and @entity5 @entity1 . The natural osteotropism of @entity8 would allow them to be highly effective in the inhibition of MMPs produced by osteoclasts or @entity3 cells in the bone. This hypothesis has now been confirmed by experimental evidence showing that @entity9 reduces @entity3 burden in a @entity4 model of @entity0 -derived osteolytic bone @entity2 . This effect is likely due to a combination of multiple roles of @entity9 , including MMP inhibition and a negative effect on osteoclast differentiation and survival. These encouraging results have now paved the way for an ongoing trial of @entity9 in early combination therapy for @entity0 and @entity5 @entity1 .

title: XXXX and other @entity8 in the treatment of bone @entity2 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: The @entity6 family includes @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity7 , all of which have been used as antibiotics effectively for decades. New uses emerged for these compounds after their effect on mitochondrial function was discovered. Cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of these compounds was shown against cell lines of @entity3 origins. In addition, @entity8 and chemically modified @entity8 inhibit the activity of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Given the importance of these enzymes in @entity3 cell invasion and metastatic ability, the potential use of @entity8 in @entity3 therapy needed to be investigated. Col-3, a chemically modified @entity6 , is now the subject of clinical trials in @entity3 @entity1 . However, the potential of @entity8 in @entity3 therapy takes on an added dimension in the bone. MMPs have been shown to be important mediators of @entity2 formation in the bone, contributing largely to the morbidity of @entity0 and @entity5 @entity1 . The natural osteotropism of @entity8 would allow them to be highly effective in the inhibition of MMPs produced by osteoclasts or @entity3 cells in the bone. This hypothesis has now been confirmed by experimental evidence showing that @entity9 reduces @entity3 burden in a @entity4 model of @entity0 -derived osteolytic bone @entity2 . This effect is likely due to a combination of multiple roles of @entity9 , including MMP inhibition and a negative effect on osteoclast differentiation and survival. These encouraging results have now paved the way for an ongoing trial of @entity9 in early combination therapy for @entity0 and @entity5 @entity1 .

title: @entity9 and other XXXX in the treatment of bone @entity2 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The @entity6 family includes @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity7 , all of which have been used as antibiotics effectively for decades. New uses emerged for these compounds after their effect on mitochondrial function was discovered. Cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of these compounds was shown against cell lines of @entity3 origins. In addition, @entity8 and chemically modified @entity8 inhibit the activity of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Given the importance of these enzymes in @entity3 cell invasion and metastatic ability, the potential use of @entity8 in @entity3 therapy needed to be investigated. Col-3, a chemically modified @entity6 , is now the subject of clinical trials in @entity3 @entity1 . However, the potential of @entity8 in @entity3 therapy takes on an added dimension in the bone. MMPs have been shown to be important mediators of @entity2 formation in the bone, contributing largely to the morbidity of @entity0 and @entity5 @entity1 . The natural osteotropism of @entity8 would allow them to be highly effective in the inhibition of MMPs produced by osteoclasts or @entity3 cells in the bone. This hypothesis has now been confirmed by experimental evidence showing that @entity9 reduces @entity3 burden in a @entity4 model of @entity0 -derived osteolytic bone @entity2 . This effect is likely due to a combination of multiple roles of @entity9 , including MMP inhibition and a negative effect on osteoclast differentiation and survival. These encouraging results have now paved the way for an ongoing trial of @entity9 in early combination therapy for @entity0 and @entity5 @entity1 .

title: @entity9 and other @entity8 in the treatment of bone XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The emergence of sleep states is one of the most significant aspects of development. Descriptions of both neonatal and late fetal behavior and studies on the organization of sleep have shown that fetus and newborns exhibit spontaneously discrete and cyclic patterns of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and quiet sleep (QS). @entity0 fetuses and neonates sleep most of their life, and @entity1 is the prevailing state even during the first postnatal months. Several hypotheses to explain central nervous system development consider that @entity1 is the expression of a basic activation program for the central nervous system that increases the functional competence of neurons, circuits, and complex patterns before the organism is called on to use them. Current results indicate the maturation of QS not only coincides with the formation of thalamocortical and intracortical patterns of innervation and periods of heightened synaptogenesis, since this sleep state is also associated with important processes in synaptic remodeling. In fact, several studies suggest that the information acquired during wakefulness is further processed during @entity1 and QS. This article reviews the processes involved in the timing of both @entity1 /QS and sleep/wake alternating patterns throughout early @entity0 development. A growing body of evidence indicates that the duration of unmodulated parental care and noncircadian environmental conditions may be detrimental for the establishment of these basic rhythmicities. As a consequence, alterations in parental/environmental entraining factors may well contribute to disturb sleep and feeding commonly experienced by preterm @entity0 . Further knowledge on the early establishment of sleep-wake states regulatory mechanisms is needed to improve modalities for appropriate stimulation in the developing @entity0 being.

title: Sleep-wake states and their regulatory mechanisms throughout early XXXX development.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Two different surgical methods for treating @entity5 (pleurectomy and pleuro pneumonectomy) were reviewed. METHODS: This was a retrospective study from 1976 to 2001. Forty-six @entity0 , aged 35-80 years, received one of the following procedures: pleurectomy (n=29), or pleuro pneumonectomy (n=17). Pleurectomy was indicated in symptomatic @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity4 while pleuro pneumonectomy was indicated in @entity0 with Butchart stage I or II disease and an acceptable cardiopulmonary reserve. @entity0 received either chemotherapy, radiation, or in combination after surgery. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 3.8% for pleurectomy @entity0 and 5.8% for pleuro pneumonectomy @entity0 . The median survival rate for pleurectomy @entity0 was 9 months, and 12 months for pleuro pneumonectomy @entity0 . Pleuro pneumonectomy @entity0 experienced less morbidity and had a shorter hospital stay than pleurectomy @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Improved survival was obtained with both procedures. Morbidity was higher in the @entity0 who underwent pleurectomy. Important prognostic factors include @entity1 stage, @entity1 histology, duration of symptoms, and @entity3 or @entity2 as a presenting symptom. @entity0 with a @entity1 stage, epithelial histology, absence of @entity2 or @entity3 , and a longer onset of symptoms had the best survival rate. A trend towards improved survival in @entity0 undergoing pleuro pneumonectomy and receiving radiation as adjuvant therapy was observed.

title: Treatment of XXXX in Bloemfontein, South Africa.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Theoretical considerations and clinical experience suggest that dose-dense chemotherapy may be superior to other approaches using the same drugs. We studied a dose-dense combination of @entity4 and @entity5 , with or without @entity8 , as adjuvant therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with resected @entity0 were treated if they were node-positive and @entity2 receptor-negative, positive for overexpression of @entity9 , or had four or more involved nodes. @entity4 was given weekly to a total dose of 480 mg/m(2). @entity5 60 mg/m(2) was given daily by mouth during the period of @entity4 treatment. The first 30 @entity1 received @entity8 at 300 mg/m(2)/wk intravenously concurrently with @entity4 administration. In the last 22, it was omitted because of symptomatic @entity12 in the majority of @entity1 . Filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [ @entity6 ]) was administered during chemotherapy every day except the day of intravenous administration and continued until 1 week after the completion of the chemotherapy. RESULTS: Between October 20, 1992, and June 10, 1997, we enrolled 52 @entity1 . The mean delivered dose-intensity for @entity4 was 18.6 mg/m(2)/wk. Hospitalization was required in 6% of @entity1 for reversible @entity7 . There were no acute treatment-related @entity3 , but one @entity1 subsequently died of @entity10 with a characteristic translocation for @entity11 -related exposure. At 5 years, the event-free survival was 86% for all @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 75% to 95%). CONCLUSION: Continuous dose-dense chemotherapy with @entity6 support produced encouraging results, which seem to be superior to those expected with "standard" @entity4 and @entity5 chemotherapy. It deserves a test in the form of a randomized trial where this approach to @entity11 -based treatment is compared with intermittent administration.

title: Dose-dense @entity11 -based chemotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Theoretical considerations and clinical experience suggest that dose-dense chemotherapy may be superior to other approaches using the same drugs. We studied a dose-dense combination of @entity4 and @entity5 , with or without @entity8 , as adjuvant therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with resected @entity0 were treated if they were node-positive and @entity2 receptor-negative, positive for overexpression of @entity9 , or had four or more involved nodes. @entity4 was given weekly to a total dose of 480 mg/m(2). @entity5 60 mg/m(2) was given daily by mouth during the period of @entity4 treatment. The first 30 @entity1 received @entity8 at 300 mg/m(2)/wk intravenously concurrently with @entity4 administration. In the last 22, it was omitted because of symptomatic @entity12 in the majority of @entity1 . Filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [ @entity6 ]) was administered during chemotherapy every day except the day of intravenous administration and continued until 1 week after the completion of the chemotherapy. RESULTS: Between October 20, 1992, and June 10, 1997, we enrolled 52 @entity1 . The mean delivered dose-intensity for @entity4 was 18.6 mg/m(2)/wk. Hospitalization was required in 6% of @entity1 for reversible @entity7 . There were no acute treatment-related @entity3 , but one @entity1 subsequently died of @entity10 with a characteristic translocation for @entity11 -related exposure. At 5 years, the event-free survival was 86% for all @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 75% to 95%). CONCLUSION: Continuous dose-dense chemotherapy with @entity6 support produced encouraging results, which seem to be superior to those expected with "standard" @entity4 and @entity5 chemotherapy. It deserves a test in the form of a randomized trial where this approach to @entity11 -based treatment is compared with intermittent administration.

title: Dose-dense XXXX -based chemotherapy for @entity0 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe thin-section computed tomographic (CT) findings in @entity0 with drug-induced @entity2 , to compare these CT findings, and to correlate them with arterial @entity1 tension level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thin-section CT scans obtained in 60 @entity0 with drug-induced @entity2 were evaluated retrospectively. The @entity0 had 31 cases of antineoplastic agent-induced @entity2 and 29 cases of nonneoplastic agent-induced @entity2 (antibiotic agent, 20 cases; herbal medicine [sho-saiko-to], four cases; antirheumatic agent, three cases; @entity3 , one case; @entity4 , one case). CT scans were reviewed by two chest radiologists in consensus. Correlation between arterial @entity1 tension level and the extent of disease at CT was available in 21 @entity0 . These two factors were compared by using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The predominant findings in antineoplastic agent-induced @entity2 were diffuse or multifocal ground-glass opacities with intralobular interstitial thickening. The predominant CT findings in antibiotic agent-induced @entity2 were patchy ground-glass opacities with centrilobular opacities and interlobular septal lines. The predominant CT findings in herbal medicine-induced @entity2 were diffuse ground-glass opacities with patchy consolidation. Interlobular septal lines and centrilobular opacities were observed more frequently in antibiotic agent-induced @entity2 , and intralobular interstitial thickening was observed more frequently in antineoplastic agent-induced @entity2 . A significant correlation was established between arterial @entity1 tension level and extent of disease at CT (r = -0.84, P <.05). CONCLUSION: In addition to ground-glass opacities and interlobular septal lines, the most common thin-section CT findings were intralobular interstitial thickening, observed in antineoplastic agent-induced @entity2 , and centrilobular opacities, observed in antibiotic-induced @entity2 .

title: Drug-induced pneumonitis: thin-section CT findings in 60 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of a large @entity1 on the cerebral circulation. Anesthetized @entity2 (n = 8) were prepared with vascular catheters, a urinary catheter and a Richmond bolt for intracranial pressure monitoring. @entity1 was inflicted on 70 percent of total body surface area with hot water. Resuscitation was started 30 min after scald with Ringer's lactate to restore and maintain baseline @entity0 delivery. Resuscitation maintained blood pressure, cardiac output and urine output at normal levels. Brain blood flow was measured with colored microspheres. During resuscitation intracranial pressure rose slowly from 10.6 +/- 1.5 to 17.0 +/- 4.0 mmHg (P < 0.05) and cerebral perfusion pressure was reduced from 86.4 +/- 6.8 to 64.1 +/- 2.8 mmHg (P < 0.05). During early resuscitation cerebrovascular resistance declined to maintain brain blood flow and @entity0 delivery at baseline or better. After 6 h, mean cerebrovascular resistance was inappropriately increased during a period of reduced cerebral perfusion pressure which resulted in brain blood flow reductions of half the baseline levels. These data suggest that autoregulation maintains brain blood flow immediately after @entity3 and early resuscitation, but the autoregulation may be less effective as burn resuscitation proceeds.

title: Effect of XXXX and resuscitation on the cerebral circulation in an ovine model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: s: To describe the farm work patterns and the relationship between hours spent working on specific farm tasks and task specific work related @entity1 among @entity0 and @entity0 . DESIGN: A cross sectional survey of farm operators and their spouses in an eight county area of Colorado was conducted. Personal interviews were conducted between 1993 and 1997. Interviews took between 45 minutes to two hours to complete, depending on the complexity of individuals' personal histories. Farms were selected using stratified random sampling technique. SETTING: Eight counties in Northeastern Colorado representing 47% of agricultural production in the state. @entity0 : A total of 301 @entity0 and 459 @entity0 who were farm residents and involved in farm work were recruited. OUTCOME MEASURE: Self reported @entity1 resulting in medical attention or treatment other than first aid, or inability to do normal work activities, or @entity2 , or transfer to another job were assessed in relationship to the specific job task being performed at the time of the injury. RESULTS: @entity0 were at higher risk for injury than @entity0 when involved with other farm chores (rate ratio 8.18). For all other task related @entity1 , @entity0 and @entity0 were at similar risk when compared using hours of exposure to the farm tasks. CONCLUSION: Farm safety training and injury prevention programs need to include @entity0 working on farms.

title: Farm work practices and XXXX in Colorado.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: We analyzed confluence patterns of @entity4 , seeking to relate hepato-lithiasis to anatomic variation. The comparative study was completed @entity0 with hepatolithiasis in Taiwan and Japan. METHODS: Direct cholangiography was performed in 103 hepatolithiasis @entity0 in Taiwan and 77 in Japan. Segmental ducts patterns were classified as type I, normal configuration; type II, "triad" confluence; type III, @entity3 ; or type IV, distal confluence of the right posterior segmental duct. RESULTS: Taiwanese @entity0 had only @entity2 or black stones, and were mostly female. As overall analysis, types I, II, III, and IV were found in 61, 26, 13, and 3 @entity0 , respectively. In Japanese, types I, II, III, and IV were found in 52, 10, 13, and 2, respectively. There was no difference between the two institutes. Since no @entity0 in Taiwan had @entity1 calculi, Japanese @entity0 were reanalyzed including only 58 @entity0 with @entity2 or black stones. Differences in those populations remained insignificant. CONCLUSION: Anatomic variations in segmental ducts apparently do not contribute to pathogenesis of hepatolithiasis.

title: XXXX patterns in hepatolithiasis: a comparative cholangiographic study between Taiwan and Japan.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 is rare. Before 1993, there were only 21 cases reported in the English literature. This article reports our experience in managing this disease and reviews experiences from recent English literature. A retrospective review of @entity0 with @entity2 was conducted in our institution. A search of the English literature between 1993 and 2002 was performed in the MEDLINE database using " @entity2 " as the keyword. Seven @entity0 with @entity2 were treated in our hospital. Another 50 cases were reported in the recent literature. This amounted to a total of 78 cases so far reported. The male to female ratio was approximately 2 : 1. The mean age at presentation was 63 years. Most @entity0 presented typically with @entity3 . Malignant change was present in 33 @entity0 (42%). Concomitant @entity4 was noticed in 33 @entity0 (42%). The overall resection rate was 55%. The mean survival was 28 months following resection, irrespective of histological type. @entity0 without @entity1 resection had a poorer survival of less than 11 months. @entity2 presents typically with @entity2 and it occurs most often in elderly males. Resection is recommended because of the considerable malignancy rate, diffuse pattern of disease, and better survival following curative surgery. Malignant histology is not always associated with a poorer prognosis provided that radical resection can be achieved.

title: XXXX : report of seven cases and review of English literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sphincter pharyngoplasty is frequently used for the management of @entity0 with @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcome and revision rates of sphincter pharyngoplasty at the authors' institution. Two hundred fifty @entity0 underwent sphincter pharyngoplasty for @entity1 between January of 1987 and March of 2001. There were 117 female @entity0 and 133 male @entity0 , with a mean age at primary sphincter pharyngoplasty of 7.6 years (range, 1 to 45 years). Diagnoses included @entity1 alone (n = 63), @entity1 associated with @entity3 (n = 127), @entity2 (n = 32), submucous cleft (n = 15), and other (n = 13). Pharyngoplasty revision was defined as any secondary surgical revision of the sphincter as determined by clinical evaluation and objective speech assessment. The pharyngoplasty revision rate was found to be 12.8 percent (n = 32). A favorable outcome was demonstrated in 30 of these @entity0 (93.8 percent) after pharyngoplasty revision. Two @entity0 , one with a diagnosis of a submucous @entity3 and the other with a @entity3 , required a second revision because of persistent @entity1 . The revision rate was highest in those @entity0 with @entity2 (21.8 percent) and lowest in @entity0 with @entity1 alone (6.3 percent). @entity0 who required revision had significantly higher preoperative oral sentence nasometry (55.2 percent versus 46.1 percent; p < 0.01) and larger velopharyngeal areas (23.7 mm2 versus 18.9 mm2). There was no significant difference in age or sex for those @entity0 who required a revision compared with those who did not require revision. Mean follow-up was 2.4 years (range, 4 months to 13.6 years). Sphincter pharyngoplasty is an effective procedure for the treatment of @entity1 using revision rate as the standard of success. It had an 87 percent primary success rate that increased to 99 percent after a single revision. @entity0 with @entity2 , more severe preoperative hypernasal resonance, and larger velopharyngeal areas were more likely to require pharyngoplasty revision.

title: An outcome evaluation of sphincter pharyngoplasty for the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Voltage-sensitive @entity3 channels (VSCC) open in response to external stimuli, including calcitropic hormones, that alter plasma membrane @entity3 ( @entity1 ) permeability. @entity1 that enters the cell through these channels serves a second messenger function, eliciting cellular responses that include secretion and changes in gene expression. In osteoblasts, VSCCs serve as key regulators of @entity1 permeability and are a major class of calcitropic hormone-sensitive @entity1 channels present in the plasma membrane. The members of the VSCC family exist as a complex of polypeptide subunits that are comprised of a pore-forming alpha1 subunit, an intracellular beta subunit, a dimer of @entity4 -linked alpha2 and delta subunits, and in some tissues, a gamma subunit. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the major functional alpha1 subunit present in osteoblasts is the alpha1C (CaV1.2). To determine the complement of auxiliary subunits present in rodent osteoblastic cells, we employed RT-PCR using a battery of subunit specific primers and appropriate tissue controls. Immunohistochemistry also was performed, using available subunit specific antibodies, to measure protein expression and localization. Cell types examined included MC3T3-E1 at various stages of differentiation, ROS 17/2.8 @entity2 , and primary cultures of @entity0 calvarial osteoblasts. The results indicate that all cells expressed multiple beta subunit classes and alpha2delta dimers, but no gamma subunits, regardless of differentiation state. We propose a structure for the functional osteoblast VSCC that consists of alpha1, beta, alpha2delta subunits and is devoid of a gamma subunit.

title: Rodent osteoblastic cells express voltage-sensitive XXXX channels lacking a gamma subunit.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Genomic instability and the accompanying alteration of @entity0 genes play a major role in tumorigenesis. We evaluated the prognostic significance in @entity1 of the degree of accumulation of relative genomic damage, assessed by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction DNA fingerprinting. METHODS: Genomic damage was assessed by comparative analysis of paired normal and @entity0 tissue DNA fingerprints. The total number of alterations, scored as decreases and increases of band intensity with 2 arbitrary primers, were used as an estimation of the genomic damage fraction in 74 primary @entity1 . Increases in DNA copy number were also analyzed by array comparative genomic hybridization in a subset of 30 cases. RESULTS: The number of altered bands varied among the @entity0 from none or a few to more than one third of the approximately 40 fingerprint bands. The relative values of genomic damage were consistent with the quantitative chromosomal alterations observed by array comparative genomic hybridization. When the @entity0 were stratified into 2 groups-above or below the cutoff of 0.22 for average genomic damage fraction-genomic damage fraction was a valuable prognostic indicator regardless of microsatellite instability status. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the genomic damage fraction was a prognostic indicator, as well as a stage indicator (P = 0.0189). Survival was significantly diminished in @entity0 with a genomic damage fraction >0.22 (P = 0.0009). Moreover, in the 46 curative cases, genomic damage fraction was the only independent factor for predicting survival (P = 0.0061). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the degree of genomic damage estimated by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting is a useful prognostic indicator for @entity1 .

title: The genomic damage estimated by arbitrarily primed PCR DNA fingerprinting is useful for the prognosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Germline mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha ( @entity5 / @entity5 ) are associated with maturity-onset @entity1 of the young type 3 ( @entity5 ), and somatic biallelic inactivations of the gene are found in @entity6 and @entity3 . This study investigated cosegregation of @entity5 germline mutations with @entity1 and @entity3 in 2 families. METHODS: Two unrelated @entity0 with @entity3 and harboring @entity5 germline and somatic mutations were studied. Subsequently, we screened 9 relatives in the 2 independent families for @entity1 , @entity6 , and @entity5 germline mutations. RESULTS: In family A, a father and his son presented with an intraperitoneal @entity4 of a @entity3 without @entity1 . A heterozygous @entity7 germline mutation was identified in @entity5 in the father and his son and also in his second 27-year-old son without @entity6 . In family B, a diagnosis of @entity3 was made fortuitously in a 14-year-old @entity0 . A heterozygous G55fsX57 germline mutation in @entity5 was identified in this @entity0 , her @entity1 father, and her 2 sisters. Systematic exploration showed @entity3 in the 2 sisters. Somatic inactivation of the second @entity5 allele was found in @entity2 in both families. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes familial @entity3 and shows the association with germline @entity5 mutations in adults and @entity0 . It also highlights the importance of screening for @entity6 , @entity1 , and @entity5 germline mutations in relatives of @entity0 with @entity3 . Finally, prevalence of @entity3 remains to be evaluated in @entity5 subjects.

title: XXXX associated with hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha inactivation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic role of telomerase in benign and malignant lesion of lung and its biological significance in normal lung tissues. METHODS: Tissues studied consisted of 38 specimens of @entity0 , 35 adjacent non-neoplastic tissue and 7 @entity2 . Telomerase activity was determined using a semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Localization of telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity5 ) expression was examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Telomerase activity was detected in 31 out of 38 @entity0 , 7 of 35 adjacent non-neoplastic lung tissue and 3 of 7 benign parenchymatous lesions (P < 0.001). Both @entity5 protein and mRNA were detected in @entity1 cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages in benign parenchymatous tissue, epithelial cells of small airways, bronchiole, alveoli as well as lymph nodule germinal center of the adjacent normal tissues. There was no significant difference in the expression intensity of @entity5 protein among different kinds of cells. There was a tendency that the expression intensity of @entity5 protein was higher in @entity4 than those in @entity3 and stronger at TNM stage III with poorly differentiated than those at TNM stage I-II with well-differentiated @entity4 and @entity3 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: (1) Telomerase is involved in the pathogenesis of both @entity0 and @entity2 . (2) Telomerase expression may be of biological significance in maintaining the normal function of airway epithelial cells, alveolar macrophage and lymphocytes. (3) It is suggested that telomerase might be used as a proliferative marker, rather than a specific malignant marker. False positive response may occur using telomerase as a diagnostic marker.

title: [Location expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in XXXX , benign lesion and normal lung tissue].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of lymph node status in @entity0 is still necessary for staging. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) may provide accurate staging with less morbidity than axillary clearance. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the number of sentinel nodes removed on the false-negative rate. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively from 395 @entity1 undergoing @entity2 for @entity0 , between June 1995 and December 2001. All nodes that were hot and/or blue were removed and analysed. RESULTS: During this interval 136 @entity1 who had @entity2 were lymph node positive. The median number of sentinel nodes removed was two (range one to five). The overall false-negative rate of @entity2 in these @entity1 was 7.1 per cent. If only one sentinel node had been removed, the false-negative rate would have been 16.5 per cent. The removal of more than two nodes had no effect on axillary staging in all but two @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In early @entity0 , when there were multiple sentinel nodes, removal of two sentinel nodes significantly reduced the false-negative rate compared with removal of one node. Removing more than two sentinel nodes did not significantly reduce the false-negative rate further.

title: Removal of two sentinel nodes accurately stages the axilla in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Purpose of this paper was estimation of occurrence of @entity3 caused by most common @entity4 agents. Research covered 1662 hospitalised @entity0 during 2000-2001. Clinical records of @entity0 and results from bacteriological research were analysed. Analysis of etiological agents were based on 779 clinical samples. In @entity1 was observed in 138 @entity0 (9.2%). Among them 158 episodes of @entity4 occurred. Totally for 138 @entity0 , 158 @entity4 were observed in postoperative period. 9% of all (1662)-operated @entity0 had @entity1 . In that number were: 98 (6.5%)--bronchopulmonary @entity4 , 25 (1.7%)-- @entity8 , 21 (1.4%)--wound @entity4 , 10 (0.7%)--urinary tract @entity4 , 4 (0.3%)--sepsis. All those complications caused 14 @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: 1. @entity6 surgeries were connected with quite high risk of @entity1 . 2. The most common @entity3 was @entity7 . 3. The most common etiological agent in thoracic surgery @entity4 was @entity5 .

title: [Infections in XXXX after thoracic surgery].

answer: @entity0


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity3 doses for acute @entity1 were rather high in most recent studies. OBJECTIVES: We tested a hypothesis that fine-tuning @entity3 dosage to relieve side effects still yields efficacy. Clinical factors influencing the dosing were also determined. METHODS: One hundred and forty-six @entity1 inpatients with acute exacerbation entered a prospective, 6-week, repeated measures study. @entity3 doses were titrated to 6 mg/day (if tolerable) within 7 days, but were lowered thereafter if adverse reactions appeared. Efficacy and safety were measured biweekly. RESULTS: Forty-eight @entity0 tolerated the 6-mg/day target dose well, while the other 98 received lower final doses (mean+/-SD=3.4+/-0.9 mg/day) to curtail adverse effects. At endpoint, 64.3% of the low-dose @entity0 and 43.8% of the high-dose subjects responded to treatment [>/=20% reduction in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score] ( P=0.018). In detail, the low-dose individuals were significantly superior in percentage changes in the PANSS total and general-subscale scores at endpoint. The low-dose group also tended to improve more (albeit statistically insignificantly) in the PANSS positive and negative subscales and other efficacy measures. Compared to the @entity0 with undifferentiated subtype, those with disorganized subtype received higher dosage by 0.90 mg/day, after controlling for other variables ( P=0.008). Paranoid subtype was similar to undifferentiated subtype in drug doses. @entity0 with @entity2 also showed a trend to use higher dosage ( P=0.078). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that dosage adjustment to diminish side effects does not compromise @entity3 response and that disorganized @entity0 and perhaps @entity0 with @entity2 are prone to receive larger doses.

title: Fine-tuning @entity3 dosage for acutely exacerbated XXXX : clinical determinants.

answer: @entity1


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity3 doses for acute @entity1 were rather high in most recent studies. OBJECTIVES: We tested a hypothesis that fine-tuning @entity3 dosage to relieve side effects still yields efficacy. Clinical factors influencing the dosing were also determined. METHODS: One hundred and forty-six @entity1 inpatients with acute exacerbation entered a prospective, 6-week, repeated measures study. @entity3 doses were titrated to 6 mg/day (if tolerable) within 7 days, but were lowered thereafter if adverse reactions appeared. Efficacy and safety were measured biweekly. RESULTS: Forty-eight @entity0 tolerated the 6-mg/day target dose well, while the other 98 received lower final doses (mean+/-SD=3.4+/-0.9 mg/day) to curtail adverse effects. At endpoint, 64.3% of the low-dose @entity0 and 43.8% of the high-dose subjects responded to treatment [>/=20% reduction in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score] ( P=0.018). In detail, the low-dose individuals were significantly superior in percentage changes in the PANSS total and general-subscale scores at endpoint. The low-dose group also tended to improve more (albeit statistically insignificantly) in the PANSS positive and negative subscales and other efficacy measures. Compared to the @entity0 with undifferentiated subtype, those with disorganized subtype received higher dosage by 0.90 mg/day, after controlling for other variables ( P=0.008). Paranoid subtype was similar to undifferentiated subtype in drug doses. @entity0 with @entity2 also showed a trend to use higher dosage ( P=0.078). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that dosage adjustment to diminish side effects does not compromise @entity3 response and that disorganized @entity0 and perhaps @entity0 with @entity2 are prone to receive larger doses.

title: Fine-tuning XXXX dosage for acutely exacerbated @entity1 : clinical determinants.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptomatic plasma cell granulomas (PCG) of the central nervous system (CNS) are a rare entity, especially in association with an extracranial manifestation. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 13 years old @entity0 was operated on for a symptomatic plasma cell @entity3 of the lower lobe of the left lung. Four years later, he suffered his first generalized @entity2 . CT and MRI scans revealed a small @entity1 , which was located in the right frontal lobe, adjacent to the motor strip. Intervention. Stereotactic guided surgery was performed. A plasma cell @entity3 was found, which histopathologically resembled the intrapulmonary lesion, which had been removed four years ago. CONCLUSION: Histological findings, differential diagnosis and specific treatment are reviewed and discussed. @entity0 with PCG should be radiologically staged. Long term prognosis of PCG is good in cases surgically resectable. Nevertheless, @entity0 require lifelong follow up.

title: Plasma cell XXXX involving the brain and the lung.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical studies show that immune-enhancing enteral diets (IED; with @entity4 , fish oil, and RNA fragments) decrease the rate of @entity1 and shorten the length of hospital stay after the start of enteral feeding. These beneficial effects are dependent on the route of administration (enteral vs parenteral) and on the nutrient composition (IED vs standard diets). Gut exposure to an IED seems to preserve and/or augment intestinal mucosal immunity. However, nutrient absorption stimulates gut blood flow in a nutrient-specific manner (i.e., postprandial @entity3 ). We hypothesized that an IED would initiate a different pattern of whole organ blood flow compared to a standard diet. This suggests that a mechanism for the protective effect of IED might be the preferential augmentation of gut blood flow to gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) or @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Male @entity0 (200-225 g) were anesthetized and cannulated for colorimetric microsphere determination of blood flow distribution (with the phantom organ technique). Animals received gastric gavage (2 ml) of an IED (Impact; Novartis) or an isocaloric, isonitrogenous control diet (Boost; Mead-Johnson). Blood flow to the antrum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, liver, kidneys, and spleen was determined at baseline and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after gavage. RESULTS: Baseline blood flows to the left and right kidneys were within 10%, indicating the technical integrity of the microsphere technique and assay. Control diet augmented blood flow compared to IED in the antrum, duodenum, jejunum, and spleen. Conversely, IED gavage stimulated a delayed and sustained hyperemic response in the ileum. IED also increased hepatic blood flow early (30 min). IED increased blood @entity2 levels compared to control diet at 30, 60, and 90 min, suggesting enhanced nutrient absorption. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that blood flow distribution depends on nutrient composition and that IED preferentially augments blood flow to the ileum. Since the terminal jejunum and ileum contain much of the GALT, our data suggest that a mechanism for enterally stimulated mucosal immunity involves selective perfusion of the terminal ileum during IED nutrient absorption.

title: Immune-enhancing enteral diet selectively augments ileal blood flow in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0