abstract: A study was carried out of 32 @entity0 suffering from @entity1 the diagnois of which was quite definite according to Mac Alpine's criteria and which had developed over more than two years. Comparison was made with @entity0 suffering from @entity3 of a different aetiology and with normal subjects. The method of investigation was dynamic electroretinoencephalography : the @entity2 were investigated after stimulation by white and coloured light before and after adapatation to darkness. The specificity of the results was tested by, firstly, electro-retinogram recording for control of the visual system, and secondly, by the recording of auditory evoked potentials for control cerebral function. Abnormalities in @entity2 were found in 77 percent of the cases. In particular, there was delayed latency, that is, a slowing of retino-cortical conduction. The significance of these abnormalities is discussed, by analyzing the electroclinical correlationships according to whether there was obvious or subclinical @entity3 , and the dissemination, activity or duration of the disease. The incidence of @entity2 was considerably greater than that in @entity3 (35 percent). The links between abnormalities in nervous conduction and demyelinisation are emphasized. The role and specificity of electrophysiological investigation in diagnosis of @entity1 are discussed.

title: [Visual evoked potentials in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Postprandial duodenal @entity7 , intestinal protein loss, and albumin and IgG turnover were studied in 19 non-operated @entity0 with @entity1 . A lesion of the terminal ileum was present in 18 of 19 @entity0 , either alone or associated with @entity4 . Identical @entity8 studies were made in a control group of 20 @entity0 with chronic @entity2 of undetermined origin. Duodenal @entity8 concentration was decreased in 9 of 19 @entity0 with @entity1 , and in 5 of 20 @entity0 with unexplained @entity2 . The @entity6 / @entity5 -ratio was increased in 8 of 17 @entity0 with @entity1 , but in only one of the 20 control @entity0 . Abnormal intestinal protein loss was present in 13 of 14 @entity0 with @entity1 . The fractional catabolic rate of albumin and IgG was increased in all 17 cases of @entity1 studied, except the @entity0 with no protein loss. A statistically significant and positive correlation was observed between @entity6 / @entity5 -ratio and fractional catabolic rate of both albumin and IgG. No @entity0 with @entity1 harboured an abnormal bacterial flora in the proximal small intestine. It is concluded that, in the absence of abnormal bacterial flora in the proximal jejunum, the @entity6 / @entity5 -ratio is more valuable as an indicator of terminal ileopathy than postprandial duodenal @entity8 concentration in nonoperated @entity0 with @entity1 . Abnormal intestinal protein loss and increased catabolic rate of albumin and IgG are practically always present in active @entity1 and are strong evidence of an organic @entity3 in @entity0 with normal radiographic findings.

title: @entity8 metabolism and plasma protein turnover in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Postprandial duodenal @entity7 , intestinal protein loss, and albumin and IgG turnover were studied in 19 non-operated @entity0 with @entity1 . A lesion of the terminal ileum was present in 18 of 19 @entity0 , either alone or associated with @entity4 . Identical @entity8 studies were made in a control group of 20 @entity0 with chronic @entity2 of undetermined origin. Duodenal @entity8 concentration was decreased in 9 of 19 @entity0 with @entity1 , and in 5 of 20 @entity0 with unexplained @entity2 . The @entity6 / @entity5 -ratio was increased in 8 of 17 @entity0 with @entity1 , but in only one of the 20 control @entity0 . Abnormal intestinal protein loss was present in 13 of 14 @entity0 with @entity1 . The fractional catabolic rate of albumin and IgG was increased in all 17 cases of @entity1 studied, except the @entity0 with no protein loss. A statistically significant and positive correlation was observed between @entity6 / @entity5 -ratio and fractional catabolic rate of both albumin and IgG. No @entity0 with @entity1 harboured an abnormal bacterial flora in the proximal small intestine. It is concluded that, in the absence of abnormal bacterial flora in the proximal jejunum, the @entity6 / @entity5 -ratio is more valuable as an indicator of terminal ileopathy than postprandial duodenal @entity8 concentration in nonoperated @entity0 with @entity1 . Abnormal intestinal protein loss and increased catabolic rate of albumin and IgG are practically always present in active @entity1 and are strong evidence of an organic @entity3 in @entity0 with normal radiographic findings.

title: XXXX metabolism and plasma protein turnover in @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: A group of 31 @entity0 with a variety of @entity7 were treated by vagotomy, biopsy, oversewing of @entity3 points and a wide double pyloroplasty. On @entity0 , a @entity6 with multiple stress ulcers, rebled and had to undergo resection. He died a month later of progressive @entity5 . A second @entity6 died a month after a @entity3 episode from @entity8 and @entity2 resulting from a gunshot wound of the neck. He had no rebleeding. A third @entity0 died two years after a gastric operation as a result of @entity1 . He had no recurrence of the @entity4 problem. The remaining 28 @entity0 were observed from six months to five years, an average of two and one-half years. There were no recurrences and only minimal untoward symptoms. It would appear that, for this period of observation, vagotomy with double pyloroplasty offers good treatment for @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: Double pyloroplasty and vagotomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The present report describes an @entity0 with severe combined @entity5 and cartilage-hair @entity6 whose lymphocytes responded to @entity11 in vitro. Immunologic evaluation was undertaken at 4 1/2 months of age following a history of recurrent severe @entity2 . Family history included three cousins who died in early infancy, one from @entity7 and @entity1 , one from generalized varicella, and another from @entity12 . Quantitative immunoglobulins were markedly @entity3 : IgG 141, IgA 0, and IgM 24 mg/100 ml. There was an @entity10 , multiple skin tests were negative, and in vitro lymphocyte responses to mitogens and antigens were @entity3 . Spontaneous E rosette determinations were 21% compared with control values of 65.7%. Erythrocyte @entity8 deaminase (ADA) activity was normal. The @entity0 's E rosette formation increased in the presence of @entity11 , fraction 5, reaching a maximum of 56% with a concentration of 500 mug @entity11 . Blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin also increased in the presence of @entity11 . Transplantation of 24-week fetal thymus in Millipore diffusion chambers and subsequently transplantation of 18-week fetal thymus by intraperitoneal injection was accomplished. E rosettes increased to 35-40% and blastogenic responses to mitogens increased. Eight days after the second transplant the @entity0 underwent a mild graft vs. host reaction which subsided after 1 week and mitogen blastogenic responses again increased to 5-8 times previous values, but still well below control ranges. Repeated episodes of @entity4 ensued, cor pulmonale resulted, and the clinical course was relentlessly downhill with the @entity0 expiring from @entity9 5 months after transplantation.

title: Severe combined XXXX with cartilage-hair hypoplasa: in vitro response to @entity11 and attempted reconstitution.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The present report describes an @entity0 with severe combined @entity5 and cartilage-hair @entity6 whose lymphocytes responded to @entity11 in vitro. Immunologic evaluation was undertaken at 4 1/2 months of age following a history of recurrent severe @entity2 . Family history included three cousins who died in early infancy, one from @entity7 and @entity1 , one from generalized varicella, and another from @entity12 . Quantitative immunoglobulins were markedly @entity3 : IgG 141, IgA 0, and IgM 24 mg/100 ml. There was an @entity10 , multiple skin tests were negative, and in vitro lymphocyte responses to mitogens and antigens were @entity3 . Spontaneous E rosette determinations were 21% compared with control values of 65.7%. Erythrocyte @entity8 deaminase (ADA) activity was normal. The @entity0 's E rosette formation increased in the presence of @entity11 , fraction 5, reaching a maximum of 56% with a concentration of 500 mug @entity11 . Blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin also increased in the presence of @entity11 . Transplantation of 24-week fetal thymus in Millipore diffusion chambers and subsequently transplantation of 18-week fetal thymus by intraperitoneal injection was accomplished. E rosettes increased to 35-40% and blastogenic responses to mitogens increased. Eight days after the second transplant the @entity0 underwent a mild graft vs. host reaction which subsided after 1 week and mitogen blastogenic responses again increased to 5-8 times previous values, but still well below control ranges. Repeated episodes of @entity4 ensued, cor pulmonale resulted, and the clinical course was relentlessly downhill with the @entity0 expiring from @entity9 5 months after transplantation.

title: Severe combined @entity5 with cartilage-hair hypoplasa: in vitro response to XXXX and attempted reconstitution.

answer: @entity11


abstract: Thirty-two @entity0 , 28 @entity0 and 4 @entity0 aged from 17 to 57 years were treated surgically for @entity1 . Their body weight ranged from 90 to 184 kg, with an excess weight from 42% to 180%. In 6 cases the Salmon operation and in 26 the Payne-de Wind operation were performed. Two @entity0 died. In the remaining cases the postoperative course was uneventful and relatively mild. The longest follow-up period was 22 months. Weight loss rate was highest in the first period after the operation and the monthly rate of the @entity4 in the first year after the operation was 3.5 to 6 kg. @entity3 disappeared usually after 4 months. In some @entity0 a transient fall in serum @entity6 and @entity5 level was observed. Other favorable results included a significant fall in the serum levels of @entity2 and beta-lipoproteins and improved value of BSP retention test. The condition of the @entity0 is good and they have returned to work.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Despite adequate diagnostic evaluation and prolonged follow-up, the causes of @entity2 in the elderly @entity0 frequently remain unknown. Some of these may be of occult, @entity1 origin--entities which are often difficult to incriminate specifically. Unquestionably, in a few cases, @entity3 occur at the time of the initial cerebrovascular accident, although in some @entity0 @entity3 may follow such an episode after a latent interval, particularly when cortical motor areas have been damaged by the initial vascular insult. It is important to differentiate this group from those with recurrent @entity4 , in whom diagnostic studies and treatment may differ. @entity6 is as prominent a cause of @entity3 in the seventh decade as it is in younger adults, but probably is of lower incidence thereafter. Focal, clinical and electroencephalographic findings and a progressive clinical course are particularly common in this group. A heterogeneous group of causes, a few of which are liable to affect the ageing @entity0 , are responsible for some of the @entity3 in old age and should be searched for when the etiology is obscure. Diagnostic studies will vary with the individual problem and, whenever possible, should be restricted to non-invasive studies such as electroencephalography and computer-assisted tomography, after initial baseline clinical assessment and laboratory studies have been performed. Contrast procedures such as angiography are sometimes hazardous to @entity0 with @entity5 and should be reserved for selected @entity0 . Treatment follows conventional guidelines with some modifications due to the vulnerability of the ageing @entity0 to @entity1 of immobilization.

title: XXXX after the age of sixty.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) responses to a course of @entity4 were studied in eleven @entity0 with @entity2 at different stages of the illness. In malnourished @entity0 basal levels of LH were invariably low. With the resumption of a normal weight a small but definite rise in LH levels was observed but this spontaneous response to weight gain was variable in that many @entity0 continued to exhibit abnormally low LH levels. The response to @entity4 in terms of a rise in basal LH levels after administration of the drug, followed by a second peak of LH and subsequent @entity1 , was clearly dependent in part on the @entity0 's nutritional state. In the malnourished state the response to @entity4 was usually either absent or incomplete. After the resumption of a more normal weight, the @entity0 invariably showed an initial rise in LH after the @entity4 , but the second LH peak and subsequent menstruation were frequently not demonstrated. Six @entity0 maintained a normal body weight for at least six months after a course of @entity4 , but only three of them resumed cyclical @entity1 . It was concluded that factors additional to the nutritional state contribute to the prolonged @entity2 and that @entity4 appears to have only a limited role in the treatment and management of @entity0 with the disorder. Some aspects of current knowledge of the endocrine mechanisms that regulate normal menstruation and of the mode of action of @entity4 are outlined. The results of the present study are discussed against this background in an attempt to elucidate further the @entity3 underlying the @entity2 .

title: The effects of XXXX on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) responses to a course of @entity4 were studied in eleven @entity0 with @entity2 at different stages of the illness. In malnourished @entity0 basal levels of LH were invariably low. With the resumption of a normal weight a small but definite rise in LH levels was observed but this spontaneous response to weight gain was variable in that many @entity0 continued to exhibit abnormally low LH levels. The response to @entity4 in terms of a rise in basal LH levels after administration of the drug, followed by a second peak of LH and subsequent @entity1 , was clearly dependent in part on the @entity0 's nutritional state. In the malnourished state the response to @entity4 was usually either absent or incomplete. After the resumption of a more normal weight, the @entity0 invariably showed an initial rise in LH after the @entity4 , but the second LH peak and subsequent menstruation were frequently not demonstrated. Six @entity0 maintained a normal body weight for at least six months after a course of @entity4 , but only three of them resumed cyclical @entity1 . It was concluded that factors additional to the nutritional state contribute to the prolonged @entity2 and that @entity4 appears to have only a limited role in the treatment and management of @entity0 with the disorder. Some aspects of current knowledge of the endocrine mechanisms that regulate normal menstruation and of the mode of action of @entity4 are outlined. The results of the present study are discussed against this background in an attempt to elucidate further the @entity3 underlying the @entity2 .

title: The effects of @entity4 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity9 (ISD) was administered before, during and after 178 operations performed on 127 @entity0 with @entity4 . Its influence on postoperative @entity7 , @entity8 and mortality was tested by comparison with 188 operations performed on 140 @entity0 with @entity2 and/or old @entity7 receiving no ISD prophylaxis. Risk of @entity3 was similar in both groups. Mortality in the ISD-treated group was significantly lowered as compared with the control group and was about half of the overall mortality in @entity0 with @entity4 operated on at our hospital over the past 10 years. This difference depended partly on the influence of ISD on @entity3 . Post-operative @entity7 during ISD prophylaxis occurred in 0.6% of cases as compared with 3.7% in the control group (p less than 0.05), whilst the respective values for postoperative @entity8 were 5.7% and 18.2% (p less than 0.001). Both complications are related to absolute or relative @entity6 during the post-operative stress period. ISD is effective by lowering cardiac preload and afterload and thereby diminishing myocardial @entity1 demand. ISD is the drug of choice for surgical @entity0 since it provides a steady and long-lasting effect after sublingual absorption. ISD prophylaxis during the perioperative period is indicated in cases with @entity5 and with increased cardiac preload or afterload.

title: [Prophylactic effect of @entity9 on postoperative XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity9 (ISD) was administered before, during and after 178 operations performed on 127 @entity0 with @entity4 . Its influence on postoperative @entity7 , @entity8 and mortality was tested by comparison with 188 operations performed on 140 @entity0 with @entity2 and/or old @entity7 receiving no ISD prophylaxis. Risk of @entity3 was similar in both groups. Mortality in the ISD-treated group was significantly lowered as compared with the control group and was about half of the overall mortality in @entity0 with @entity4 operated on at our hospital over the past 10 years. This difference depended partly on the influence of ISD on @entity3 . Post-operative @entity7 during ISD prophylaxis occurred in 0.6% of cases as compared with 3.7% in the control group (p less than 0.05), whilst the respective values for postoperative @entity8 were 5.7% and 18.2% (p less than 0.001). Both complications are related to absolute or relative @entity6 during the post-operative stress period. ISD is effective by lowering cardiac preload and afterload and thereby diminishing myocardial @entity1 demand. ISD is the drug of choice for surgical @entity0 since it provides a steady and long-lasting effect after sublingual absorption. ISD prophylaxis during the perioperative period is indicated in cases with @entity5 and with increased cardiac preload or afterload.

title: [Prophylactic effect of XXXX on postoperative @entity3 (author's transl)].

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Loss of self and the transition to @entity0 -hood have been widely discussed in relation to the experience of @entity4 . Individuals however often maintain identities or selves beyond those demanded by the circumstances of being a @entity0 . This study explores the presentation of this personal identity and interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic elements that support or threaten its maintenance. In particular, this study examined the impact of uncertainty on the representations of self and the part played by the @entity0 's health care professionals and the systems in which they are embedded, in limiting or reinforcing its effects. METHODS: Complementary methods of ethnographic observation and serial narrative interviews were adopted to explore both the lo"cal social and health care context and the changing presentation of self by @entity0 with advanced multimorbidity, @entity2 , and @entity1 . In total, 36 interviews were undertaken with 16 @entity0 . Analysis was guided by concepts of time and place, combining contextual data with the unfolding @entity0 narrative. RESULTS: Good @entity3 and symptom control was a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the maintenance of a personal identity. Essential agentic elements included knowledge of appropriate and immediate sources of help. Also important were a sense of control achieved through a shared understanding with health care professionals of the condition and active management of uncertainty. In addition, the maintenance of self depended on keeping a connection with aspects of life associated with a pre-illness identity. Critically, this self was contingent on external recognition, acknowledgement, and validation. CONCLUSION: Professional relationships that focus solely on the ' @entity0 as @entity0 ' may be insufficient for @entity0 ' needs. Health care professionals should seek to recognize and acknowledge the personal identity that may be critical to their sense of self-worth. Through an ongoing relationship guiding the @entity0 through the uncertainties they face, health care professionals may play an essential role in sustaining the ' @entity0 as @entity0 '. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Loss of self or personal identity occurs in a range of serious conditions. The sick self is incorporated in a process of identity reconstruction. Uncertainty is an inherent aspect of serious and @entity4 . Unmanaged uncertainty results in a range of negative psychological consequences that contribute to the loss of personal identity. Information and communication with health care professionals help @entity0 manage uncertainty. What does this study add? Sufferers may retain a personal identity continuous with a pre-illness self using internal and external resources. The pre-illness self may be subsumed by the @entity0 self especially at times of transition and maximum uncertainty. Acknowledgement and facilitation by health care professionals can enable the preservation of the pre-illness self.

title: The threatened self: Considerations of time, place, and uncertainty in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A growing body of literature supports the view that essential @entity3 (ET) involves alteration of cerebellar-thalamo-cortical networks which can result in working @entity5 . In this study, we tested the hypothesis that individuals with ET would exhibit worse performance on memory tasks requiring more intrinsic organization and structuring (i.e., word lists) relative to those with fewer 'executive' demands (i.e., stories), similar to that previously observed in individuals with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHOD: @entity0 included a convenience sample of 68 ET @entity0 and 68 idiopathic @entity2 @entity0 , retrospectively matched based on age, education, and sex. All @entity0 underwent routine neuropsychological evaluation assessing recent memory, @entity5 , language, and executive function. Memory measures included the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-R and @entity5 . RESULTS: Both ET and @entity2 @entity0 performed significantly worse on word list than story memory recall tasks. The magnitude of the difference between these two memory tasks was similar for ET and @entity2 @entity0 . In both @entity0 groups, performance on measures of executive function and @entity5 was not distinctly correlated with word list vs. story recall. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity1 in both ET and @entity2 may negatively influence performance on memory tests that are not inherently organized. Although the pathophysiology of these two ' @entity4 ' are quite distinct, both have downstream effects on thalamo-frontal circuitry which may provide a common pathway for a similar memory phenotype. Findings are discussed in terms of neuroimaging evidence, conceptual models, and best practice.

title: Memory Similarities Between Essential XXXX and @entity2 : A Final Common Pathway?

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A growing body of literature supports the view that essential @entity3 (ET) involves alteration of cerebellar-thalamo-cortical networks which can result in working @entity5 . In this study, we tested the hypothesis that individuals with ET would exhibit worse performance on memory tasks requiring more intrinsic organization and structuring (i.e., word lists) relative to those with fewer 'executive' demands (i.e., stories), similar to that previously observed in individuals with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHOD: @entity0 included a convenience sample of 68 ET @entity0 and 68 idiopathic @entity2 @entity0 , retrospectively matched based on age, education, and sex. All @entity0 underwent routine neuropsychological evaluation assessing recent memory, @entity5 , language, and executive function. Memory measures included the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-R and @entity5 . RESULTS: Both ET and @entity2 @entity0 performed significantly worse on word list than story memory recall tasks. The magnitude of the difference between these two memory tasks was similar for ET and @entity2 @entity0 . In both @entity0 groups, performance on measures of executive function and @entity5 was not distinctly correlated with word list vs. story recall. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity1 in both ET and @entity2 may negatively influence performance on memory tests that are not inherently organized. Although the pathophysiology of these two ' @entity4 ' are quite distinct, both have downstream effects on thalamo-frontal circuitry which may provide a common pathway for a similar memory phenotype. Findings are discussed in terms of neuroimaging evidence, conceptual models, and best practice.

title: Memory Similarities Between Essential @entity3 and XXXX : A Final Common Pathway?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Whole miracidia of @entity0 , miracidia vibrated in an ultrasonic cleaner, and the miracidium-sporocyst transition were studied in the stereoscan electron microscope. After vibrating, the cilia broke off near the bases and the epidermal cells, intercellular ridge and sensory structures were revealed. The @entity2 had a folded surface with penetrating sensory cilia. The number of epidermal cells varied between 17 and 22. The lateral papillae appeared as bulbous projections on either side between the first and second tiers of epidermal cells. There was a ciliated pit nerve ending close to each @entity3 . A few ciliated pits were found between the cells in the first tier, and up to twelve ciliated pits with long cilia could be found between the second and third tiers. Miracidia placed in haemolymph from Planorbarius corneus cast off the apical ciliated part of the epithelial cells, and large scars appeared where the ciliated plates had been. Later, the syncytial intercellular ridge dispersed throughout the surface of the mother sporocyst, and small cytoplasmic knobs appeared on the surface. The @entity2 and the lateral papillae were still observed a few hours after shedding the ciliated plates, but the ciliated @entity1 shortly after the ciliated plates were lost.

title: Stereoscan observations of the miracidium and early sporocyst of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to review the current literature concerning the indication of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), its extent and complications in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) staging, the available tools, and the future perspectives to assess the risk of lymph node invasion (LNI). METHODS: A literature review was performed using the Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy included the terms pelvic lymph nodes, PLND, radical prostatectomy, @entity1 , lymph node invasion, biochemical recurrence, staging, sentinel lymph node dissection, imaging, and molecular markers. RESULTS: PLND currently represents the gold standard for nodal staging in @entity1 @entity0 . Available imaging techniques are characterized by poor accuracy in the prediction of LNI before surgery. On the contrary, an extended PLND (ePLND) would result into proper staging in the majority of the cases. Several models based on preoperative disease characteristics are available to assess the risk of LNI. Although ePLND is not associated with a substantial risk of severe complications, up to 10% of the @entity0 undergoing this procedure experience lymphoceles. Concerns over potential morbidity of ePLND led many authors to investigate the role of sentinel lymph node dissection in order to prevent unnecessary ePLND. Finally, the incorporation of novel biomarkers in currently available tools would improve our ability to identify @entity0 who should receive an ePLND. CONCLUSIONS: Nowadays, the most informative tools predicting LNI in @entity1 @entity0 consist in preoperative clinical nomograms. Sentinel lymph node dissection still remains experimental and novel biomarkers are needed to identify @entity0 at a higher risk of LNI.

title: Pelvic lymph node dissection in XXXX : indications, extent and tailored approaches.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In Taiwan, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) remain widespread and constituting a health problem. The long-term prevention of @entity2 among rheumatic @entity0 has also failed to prevail, and yet has seldom been emphasized. Therefore, recurrence of @entity3 remained prevalent. For an appraisal of the difficulties in the administration of long-term medication prophylaxis, a prospective study was started in 1967. One hundred and five consecutive cases of @entity3 and @entity5 were followed up for more than 1 year to 6 years with an average of 4.4 years. One hundred and two cases received monthly injections of @entity4 for 6 months to 6 years, of whom 10 were switched to daily sulfa drugs; 1 case had oral @entity1 daily for 6 years; in 12 cases, sulfa drugs were given for 6 months to 5 years. Fifty-one cases (48.6 %) stayed well in the program; 22 (21.0 %) stayed but were not compliant; 32 (30.4 %) dropped out soon or after staying in for more than 1 year. Major risk factors leading to non-compliance are; 1) apparent recovery from the illness or resumption of the normal activity; 2) cram session at school; 3) lack of easy medical care system; and 4) shortage of active participation by the health workers and general practitioners. The present study confirmed that the long-term prevention of @entity2 was effective and contributed to the decline of @entity3 recurrence rate from more than 30 % down to 6%. Our study implicates that this important preventive program can not be achieved just only by the hospital staff, but should be approached jointly by all doctors, health and social workers, school teachers and the parents.

title: Some problems in long-term prevention of XXXX among @entity0 with @entity5 in Taiwan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In Taiwan, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) remain widespread and constituting a health problem. The long-term prevention of @entity2 among rheumatic @entity0 has also failed to prevail, and yet has seldom been emphasized. Therefore, recurrence of @entity3 remained prevalent. For an appraisal of the difficulties in the administration of long-term medication prophylaxis, a prospective study was started in 1967. One hundred and five consecutive cases of @entity3 and @entity5 were followed up for more than 1 year to 6 years with an average of 4.4 years. One hundred and two cases received monthly injections of @entity4 for 6 months to 6 years, of whom 10 were switched to daily sulfa drugs; 1 case had oral @entity1 daily for 6 years; in 12 cases, sulfa drugs were given for 6 months to 5 years. Fifty-one cases (48.6 %) stayed well in the program; 22 (21.0 %) stayed but were not compliant; 32 (30.4 %) dropped out soon or after staying in for more than 1 year. Major risk factors leading to non-compliance are; 1) apparent recovery from the illness or resumption of the normal activity; 2) cram session at school; 3) lack of easy medical care system; and 4) shortage of active participation by the health workers and general practitioners. The present study confirmed that the long-term prevention of @entity2 was effective and contributed to the decline of @entity3 recurrence rate from more than 30 % down to 6%. Our study implicates that this important preventive program can not be achieved just only by the hospital staff, but should be approached jointly by all doctors, health and social workers, school teachers and the parents.

title: Some problems in long-term prevention of @entity2 among @entity0 with XXXX in Taiwan.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In Taiwan, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) remain widespread and constituting a health problem. The long-term prevention of @entity2 among rheumatic @entity0 has also failed to prevail, and yet has seldom been emphasized. Therefore, recurrence of @entity3 remained prevalent. For an appraisal of the difficulties in the administration of long-term medication prophylaxis, a prospective study was started in 1967. One hundred and five consecutive cases of @entity3 and @entity5 were followed up for more than 1 year to 6 years with an average of 4.4 years. One hundred and two cases received monthly injections of @entity4 for 6 months to 6 years, of whom 10 were switched to daily sulfa drugs; 1 case had oral @entity1 daily for 6 years; in 12 cases, sulfa drugs were given for 6 months to 5 years. Fifty-one cases (48.6 %) stayed well in the program; 22 (21.0 %) stayed but were not compliant; 32 (30.4 %) dropped out soon or after staying in for more than 1 year. Major risk factors leading to non-compliance are; 1) apparent recovery from the illness or resumption of the normal activity; 2) cram session at school; 3) lack of easy medical care system; and 4) shortage of active participation by the health workers and general practitioners. The present study confirmed that the long-term prevention of @entity2 was effective and contributed to the decline of @entity3 recurrence rate from more than 30 % down to 6%. Our study implicates that this important preventive program can not be achieved just only by the hospital staff, but should be approached jointly by all doctors, health and social workers, school teachers and the parents.

title: Some problems in long-term prevention of @entity2 among XXXX with @entity5 in Taiwan.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Background/Aims: Treatment of @entity3 (ISR) is still associated with a high incidence of recurrence. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of drug-eluting balloons (DEB) for the treatment of ISR as compared with conventional balloon angioplasty (BA) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Methods: Between January 2006 and May 2012 a total of 177 @entity0 (188 lesions, 64.1    11.7 years old) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for ISR were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical outcomes were compared between @entity0 treated with DEB (n = 58, 32.8%), conventional BA (n = 65, 36.7%), or @entity6 (n = 54, 30.5%). The primary end point was a major adverse @entity4 (MACE), defined as a composite of @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity1 revascularization(TLR). Results: Baseline characteristics were not different except for a history of previous MI, which was more frequent in @entity0 treated by conventional BA or @entity6 than in @entity0 treated by DEB (40.0% vs. 48.1% vs. 17.2%, respectively, p = 0.002). The total incidences of MACEs were 10.7%, 7.4%, and 15.4% in @entity0 treated by DEB, @entity6 , or conventional BA, respectively (p > 0.05). TLR was more frequent in @entity0 treated by conventional BA than in @entity0 treated by DEB or @entity6 , but this was not statistically significant (10.8% vs. 6.9% vs. 3.7%, p > 0.05 between all group pairs, respectively). Conclusions: This study showed that percutaneous coronary intervention using DEB might be a feasible alternative to conventional BA or @entity6 implantation for treatment of coronary ISR. Further large-scaled, randomized study assessing long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes will be needed.

title: The efficacy and safety of drug-eluting balloons for the treatment of in-stent restenosis as compared with XXXX and with conventional balloon angioplasty.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical condition characterized by uncontrolled inflammatory responses and is a major cause of @entity2 in intensive care units. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have recently exhibited anti-inflammatory properties. MAPK phosphatase (MKP) suppresses MAPK signaling, which plays an important role in inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective mechanisms of 9a, a new synthetic HDAC inhibitor, against @entity1 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The anti-inflammatory properties of 9a were assayed in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 @entity0 by cecal ligation and puncture ( @entity8 ). The @entity0 were i.p. administered 9a (10 mg   kg-1) 2 h before and immediately after @entity8 . KEY RESULTS: 9a inhibited the increased production of @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity5 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. 9a improved survival rate, attenuated organ injuries, and decreased serum @entity3 and @entity4 levels. @entity8 increased expression of @entity6 , phosphorylated (p)- @entity7 , p-JNK, and p-ERK proteins, which was attenuated by 9a. 9a decreased @entity10 association with @entity9 and enhanced @entity10 acetylation and enhanced @entity10 association with p- @entity7 and p-ERK. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of 9a on serum cytokine levels and phosphorylation of MAPK were abolished by @entity10 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our findings suggest that 9a protects against @entity1 by suppressing MAPK-mediated inflammatory signaling. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: 9a, a novel synthetic histone deacetylase inhibitor, protects against XXXX by suppressing MAPK signaling in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical condition characterized by uncontrolled inflammatory responses and is a major cause of @entity2 in intensive care units. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have recently exhibited anti-inflammatory properties. MAPK phosphatase (MKP) suppresses MAPK signaling, which plays an important role in inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective mechanisms of 9a, a new synthetic HDAC inhibitor, against @entity1 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The anti-inflammatory properties of 9a were assayed in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 @entity0 by cecal ligation and puncture ( @entity8 ). The @entity0 were i.p. administered 9a (10 mg   kg-1) 2 h before and immediately after @entity8 . KEY RESULTS: 9a inhibited the increased production of @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity5 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. 9a improved survival rate, attenuated organ injuries, and decreased serum @entity3 and @entity4 levels. @entity8 increased expression of @entity6 , phosphorylated (p)- @entity7 , p-JNK, and p-ERK proteins, which was attenuated by 9a. 9a decreased @entity10 association with @entity9 and enhanced @entity10 acetylation and enhanced @entity10 association with p- @entity7 and p-ERK. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of 9a on serum cytokine levels and phosphorylation of MAPK were abolished by @entity10 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our findings suggest that 9a protects against @entity1 by suppressing MAPK-mediated inflammatory signaling. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: 9a, a novel synthetic histone deacetylase inhibitor, protects against @entity1 by suppressing MAPK signaling in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The modular @entity3 (MoPyC) radial head prosthesis (Tornier, Saint-Ismier, France) is a monoblock modular radial head prosthesis. This study assessed midterm outcomes after implantation of the prosthesis. MATERIALS: A retrospective study was conducted of a consecutive cohort of 65 @entity0 who underwent radial head replacement with the MoPyC prosthesis from January 2006 to April 2013. Indications were @entity2 , early or late failures from orthopedic or fixation treatments, and revisions after another implant. @entity0 were observed for >2  years for range of motion, @entity1 , and stability; function by the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (total score, 100) and grip strength were assessed. Quality of stem implantation, bone resorption around the neck, and periprosthetic lucency were noted and quantified on radiographs. Capitellum shape and density as well as humeroulnar aspect (river delta sign) were evaluated. Complications and revision procedures were noted. RESULTS: We evaluated 52 of 65 @entity0 (mean follow-up, 46      20  months; range, 24-108). The Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 96      7; @entity1 score, 42      7/45; and motion score, 18      2/20. Function and stability were excellent. Radiology revealed 92% of @entity0 with cortical resorption around the neck without mechanical failure. Bone resorption was mostly anterior and lateral; it resolved within the first year and thereafter was stable. Eight @entity0 underwent revision surgery for stiffness. No implant failures were noted. CONCLUSION: Results of the MoPyC radial head prosthesis appear to be satisfactory. Bone resorption around the neck (stress shielding) is frequent and stable after 1  year and does not impair stem fixation. The MoPyC prosthesis appears to be a reliable solution for replacing the radial head.

title: Clinical and radiologic outcomes of XXXX radial head prosthesis: midterm results.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A relation between @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and increased @entity2 levels is apparent. In the present study we investigate @entity3 pathology in @entity5 ( @entity5 )(-)(/-) @entity0 with and without a @entity2 -rich diet, a model for high systemic low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity2 levels independent of weight. METHOD: @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity5 (-)(/-), @entity4 (-/-) and @entity5 (-)(/-) @entity4 (-/-) @entity0 (C57BL/6 background) received a standard or @entity2 -rich diet. Experimental @entity3 was induced by intra-articular injection of collagenase and animals were sacrificed at day 10 and day 36. RESULTS: Although minimal differences in cartilage damage were found between the @entity1 and @entity5 (-)(/-) @entity0 , increased synovial thickening was found in the latter. Thirty-six days after @entity3 -induction, @entity5 (-)(/-) @entity0 on a standard diet showed increased ectopic bone formation, particularly at the medial collateral ligament, compared with @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 . Furthermore, a significant increase in synovial gene expression of both @entity6 and @entity4 and @entity6 / @entity4 protein levels was found in @entity5 (-)(/-) @entity0 , suggesting an activated inflammatory status of synovial cells. In both @entity5 (-)(/-) and @entity1 @entity0 , addition of a @entity2 -rich diet resulted in excessive bone formation in the medial collateral ligament at late-time-point @entity3 . Interestingly, at the early time point, proteoglycan deposition was already significantly increased in @entity5 (-)(/-) @entity0 compared with @entity1 @entity0 . @entity0 deficient for both @entity5 and @entity4 also showed increased ectopic bone formation, but not synovial activation, suggesting a role for S100-proteins in @entity2 -mediated synovial activation. CONCLUSIONS: Increased @entity2 levels strongly elevate synovial activation and ectopic bone formation in early-stage collagenase-induced @entity3 .

title: High LDL levels lead to increased synovial inflammation and accelerated ectopic bone formation during experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis proposes that the genetic benefits of preferences for elaborated secondary sexual traits have their origins in the arms race between hosts and parasites, which maintains genetic variance in parasite resistance. Infection, in turn, can be reflected in the expression of costly sexual ornaments. However, the link between immune genes, @entity0 , and the expression of secondary sexual traits has rarely been investigated. Here, we explored whether the presence and identity of functional variants (supertypes) of the highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is responsible for the recognition of parasites, predict the load of lung and gut parasites and antler development in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ). While we found MHC supertypes to be associated with @entity0 by a number of parasite species, including debilitating lung @entity1 , we did not find support for the Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis. On the contrary, we found that lung @entity1 load was positively associated with antler development. We also found that the supertypes that were associated with resistance to certain parasites at the same time cause susceptibility to others. Such tradeoffs may undermine the potential genetic benefits of mate choice for resistant partners. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: MHC, parasites and antler development in XXXX : no support for the Hamilton _ Zuk hypothesis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Short interfering RNA is an effective method for target gene knockdown. However, concerns surround the design, administration, efficacy, specificity, and immunostimulatory potential. Although uptake by alveolar macrophages has been demonstrated, studies have not examined its use in @entity0 -reperfusion injury. We describe the validation of short interference RNA as a novel technique for cell-specific target gene knockdown in our model of @entity0 -reperfusion injury. METHODS: Dose-response experiments were performed, and 3 distinct sequences of @entity3 , and myeloid differentiation factor-88 short interference RNA were tested for efficacy of knockdown. Saline, lipid vector, and noncoding short interference RNA controls were used. Similar experiments were performed in primary cultures of resident pulmonary cells. Target protein knockdown was assessed by Western blot. Rat serum and cell culture media were assessed for interferon and cytokine production. Biotin labeling was used to assess short interference RNA uptake. RESULTS: Target protein expression was significantly reduced using short interference RNA. However, @entity2 knockdown was isolated to alveolar macrophages, and @entity1 labeling confirmed @entity2 short interference RNA localization to alveolar macrophages. There was significant knockdown of @entity2 expression in cultured cells treated with @entity2 short interference RNA. There was no significant change in interferon production after short interference RNA treatment. There was effective target protein knockdown with each sequence used. CONCLUSIONS: Short interference RNA is a valid method for achieving target protein knockdown in alveolar macrophages and is an important tool in the evaluation of its role in the development of @entity0 -reperfusion injury.

title: Validating the use of short interfering RNA as a novel technique for cell-specific target gene knockdown in XXXX -reperfusion injury.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To contribute to a greater characterization of the airborne particulate matter's @entity0 , size-fractionated PM10 was sampled during different seasons in a polluted urban site in Torino, a northern Italian city. Three main size fractions (PM10 - 3   m; PM3 - 0.95   m; PM  <  0.95   m) extracts (organic and aqueous) were assayed with @entity3  cells to evaluate their effects on cell proliferation, LDH activity, @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity4 expression. The mean PM10 concentrations were statistically different in summer and in winter and the finest fraction PM<0.95 was always higher than the others. Size-fractionated PM10 extracts, sampled in an urban traffic meteorological-chemical station produced size-related toxicological effects in relation to season and particles extraction. The PM summer extracts induced a significant release of LDH compared to winter and produced a size-related effect, with higher values measured with PM10-3. Exposure to size-fractionated PM10 extracts did not induce significant expression of @entity1 . @entity2 expression was influenced by exposure to size-fractionated PM10 extracts and statistically significant differences were found between kind of extracts for both seasons. The mean fold increases in @entity4 expression were statistically different in summer and in winter; winter fraction extracts produced a size-related effect, in particular for organic samples with higher values measured with PM<0.95 extracts. Our results confirm that the only measure of PM can be misleading for the assessment of air quality moreover we support efforts toward identifying potential effect-based tools (e.g. in  vitro test) that could be used in the context of the different monitoring programs.

title: Inflammation response and cytotoxic effects in human XXXX  cells of size-fractionated PM10 extracts in a polluted urban site.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a disorder with a high mortality rate. We present a case of @entity4 with @entity2 during the cesarean section who recovered sequela. A 28-year-old @entity0 was diagnosed as low lying placenta and planned to undergo cesarean section in 38th gestational week. She had atypical @entity1 in 32nd gestational weeks and she received emergency cesarean section under general anesthesia. After expulsion of her fetus, she lost many blood. We suspected @entity3 and started therapy immediately, but @entity2 occurred suddenly. She was resuscitated, and we decided to suspend the operation with temporary gauze-packing. After in better general condition, we removed the packed gauze from her abdomen. She could leave the intensive care unit 7 days after the first operation. In this case, the crucial points for successful resuscitation were prompt obstetric anesthesiologist involvement and good communication with obstetricians.

title: [A Successful Case of Recovery from the Amniotic Fluid Embolism with XXXX during the Operation].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The existence of zones of humoral skin-subskin tissue linkage with internal organs as well as the possibility of targeted administration of preparation into the affected organs were studied. METHODS: An experimental study of preparation and distribution in the bodies of @entity2 was held by both intravenous and lymphotropic methods of administration. By means of detection with a photosensitizer (as a marker), the study was conducted on healthy @entity2 and @entity2 with @entity3 . Based on the experimental results, the study has been implemented into the clinical practice of treatment of acute inflammatory diseases of testicle and its epididymis. @entity0 were administered antibiotics either by the lymphotropic method, or by traditional methods. RESULTS: The concentration of the preparation, administered by the lymphotropic method, maintained in target organs (testicles) at a high level for a longer time, while the intravenous injections provided fast achievement of high concentrations. Moreover there was a lower level of accumulation of the photosensitizer in parenchymal organs after subcutaneous (lymphotropic) administration. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of humoral connection of certain areas of skin and subcutaneous tissue with testicles and their epididymis was proved. It was found that the lymphotropic administration leads to earlier clinical improvement and normalization of laboratory indices, and, thus, to significant reduction in hospital stay. Such results open the possibility of targeted drug delivery to the diseased organs. In perspective, the method may be used in treating @entity0 not only in urology, but also in surgery, as well asfor many acute, chronic or @entity1 .

title: Lymphotropic administration of photosensitizer as a model of target therapy of XXXX : experimental and clinical data.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hospitalisations for @entity2 exacerbation effect @entity0 outcomes and healthcare costs. The long-term impact of an integrated @entity2 disease management approach on hospitalisation remains controversial. AIM: This study evaluated whether a multi-disciplinary community service reduces respiratory hospitalisations for @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: 346 @entity0 were followed for a mean duration of 27.3 months. The number of admissions, total bed days for respiratory ( @entity1 ) or general medical causes and length of stay per respiratory admission were compared before and after referral to the service. Secondary multivariate analysis examined which clinical parameters best predict benefit from such service. RESULTS: Total respiratory admission and hospital bed days after referral were reduced by 31% (288 vs 417, p<0.001) and 40.4% (1637 vs 2746, p<0.0001) respectively compared to the equivalent duration prior. The average length of stay for each respiratory admission was also significantly reduced after referral (6.61 vs 5.70, p=0.02). Overall, 55% @entity0 experienced reduction in admission frequency and hospital days. The impact on admission frequency and hospital days was greatest in those with at least moderate disease (GOLD >= 2, OR 3.2, 95%CI 1.2, 8.9; p=0.019) and those who completed pulmonary rehabilitation (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.1, 2.8; p=0.04). In contrast, general medical admissions were increased, one third attributable to a cardiovascular cause both before and after referral. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of @entity2 multidisciplinary community service was associated with reduced respiratory hospitalisations in the long term. @entity0 with moderate or severe disease, and able to complete pulmonary rehabilitation are much more likely to benefit.

title: Integrated Multidisciplinary Community Service for XXXX Reduces Hospitalisations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between @entity1 and @entity2 control in a group of @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: In this prospective study, body mass index (BMI) values of 200 @entity2 @entity0 aged 4-18  y who had been regularly followed up by Kartal Education and Research Hospital Pediatric Asthma Outpatient Clinic were calculated. Asthma control test (ACT) and @entity2 control questionnaire (ACQ) were performed. The degrees of @entity2 control were evaluated with regard to BMI values in consideration of the data obtained. RESULTS: The lowest and the highest BMI values were 12.4 and 30.0  kg/m(2), respectively (mean 18.1        2.9). Of the total 200 @entity0 , 110 were @entity0 and 90 were @entity0 . It was found that 17  % of the @entity0 were overweight and 16  % @entity1 . ACT results showed that 72 @entity0 had controlled @entity2 , 102 @entity0 had partially controlled @entity2 and 26 @entity0 had uncontrolled @entity2 . According to ACQ results, 165 @entity0 had controlled @entity2 , 17 @entity0 had partially controlled @entity2 and 18 @entity0 had uncontrolled @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Thus, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference between @entity2 control degrees of @entity1 and @entity1 @entity0 . In other words, @entity1 did not affect the @entity2 control level.

title: Relationship Between Obesity and Asthma Control in XXXX Aged 4-18  years.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the normal size of the thoracic aorta and pulmonary arteries is important regarding the detection of the abnormal and valuable in the treatment of @entity0 with congenital and acquired @entity1 . PURPOSE: To determine the normal diameters of the thoracic vascular structures of pediatric @entity0 on contrast-enhanced multidetector computer tomography (MDCT) scans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July 2010 and July 2014, the MDCT examinations obtained from 520 @entity0 (age range, 0-18 years; mean age, 8.49 years        5.54 [standard deviation]; male:female ratio, 1.6:1) with normal cardiovascular examinations were retrospectively evaluated. @entity0 were divided into six groups according to their age. Diameters of the ascending aorta (AA), descending aorta (DA), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were measured. RESULTS: The diameters of the thoracic vascular structures increased with age and the statistical difference among the age groups and genders were significant. The vascular structures in male @entity0 tended to have higher dimensions than female @entity0 . The @entity2 demonstrated higher mean values than the @entity2 in each age group. The mean ratio PA ( @entity2 /AA) is 0.93        0.08 for pediatric @entity0 and it is slightly higher in @entity0 compared to @entity0 (0.93        0.07 and 0.92        0.07, respectively). The level of pulmonary artery bifurcation moves caudally with increasing age with thoracal 6 vertebra being the most common for all age groups (53.3%). CONCLUSION: We believe that the results of our study can serve as a potential reference in differentiating the normal from the abnormal size of the aorta and pulmonary arteries on chest MDCT studies in the pediatric population.

title: Multidetector computed tomographic assessment of the normal diameters for the thoracic aorta and pulmonary arteries in XXXX and @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the normal size of the thoracic aorta and pulmonary arteries is important regarding the detection of the abnormal and valuable in the treatment of @entity0 with congenital and acquired @entity1 . PURPOSE: To determine the normal diameters of the thoracic vascular structures of pediatric @entity0 on contrast-enhanced multidetector computer tomography (MDCT) scans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July 2010 and July 2014, the MDCT examinations obtained from 520 @entity0 (age range, 0-18 years; mean age, 8.49 years        5.54 [standard deviation]; male:female ratio, 1.6:1) with normal cardiovascular examinations were retrospectively evaluated. @entity0 were divided into six groups according to their age. Diameters of the ascending aorta (AA), descending aorta (DA), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were measured. RESULTS: The diameters of the thoracic vascular structures increased with age and the statistical difference among the age groups and genders were significant. The vascular structures in male @entity0 tended to have higher dimensions than female @entity0 . The @entity2 demonstrated higher mean values than the @entity2 in each age group. The mean ratio PA ( @entity2 /AA) is 0.93        0.08 for pediatric @entity0 and it is slightly higher in @entity0 compared to @entity0 (0.93        0.07 and 0.92        0.07, respectively). The level of pulmonary artery bifurcation moves caudally with increasing age with thoracal 6 vertebra being the most common for all age groups (53.3%). CONCLUSION: We believe that the results of our study can serve as a potential reference in differentiating the normal from the abnormal size of the aorta and pulmonary arteries on chest MDCT studies in the pediatric population.

title: Multidetector computed tomographic assessment of the normal diameters for the thoracic aorta and pulmonary arteries in @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hemodynamic factors may affect the potential occurrence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after intervention procedure of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of stent protrusion length in implantation strategy on the local hemodynamics of the @entity5 . CTA images of a 58-year-old female @entity0 with @entity4 transient @entity1 attack were used to perform a 3D reconstruction of the vertebral artery. Five models of the vertebral artery before and after the stent implantation were established. Model 1 was without stent implantation, Model 2-5 was with stent protruding into the subclavian artery for 0, 1, 2, 3  mm, respectively. Computational fluid dynamics simulations based on finite element analysis were employed to mimic the blood flow in arteries and to assess hemodynamic conditions, particularly the blood flow velocity and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The @entity3 and the blood flow velocity at the vertebral artery ostium were reduced by 85.33 and 35.36% respectively after stents implantation. The phenomenon of helical flow disappeared. Hemodynamics comparison showed that stent struts that protruded 1  mm into the subclavian artery induced the least decrease in blood speed and @entity3 . The results suggest that stent implantation can improve the hemodynamics of @entity5 , while stent struts that had protruded 1  mm into the subclavian artery would result in less thrombogenesis and neointimal @entity2 and most likely decrease the risk of ISR.

title: Hemodynamics in stented XXXX based on computational fluid dynamics simulations.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent conflicting reports have found both @entity6 hypercellularity and @entity4 in regions of restricted diffusion on MRI-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images. This study precisely compares ADC and cell density voxel by voxel using postmortem @entity0 whole brain samples. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity7 were evaluated to determine a normative ADC distribution within benign fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) T2/hyperintensity surrounding @entity2 . This distribution was used to calculate a minimum ADC threshold to define regions of ADC-FLAIR mismatch (AFMM), where restricted diffusion presented in conjunction with T2/FLAIR hyperintensity. Contrast-enhancing voxels were excluded from this analysis. AFMM maps were generated using imaging acquired prior to @entity5 in 7 @entity0 with high-grade @entity3 who eventually donated their brains upon @entity5 . Histological samples were taken from numerous regions of abnormal FLAIR and AFMM. Each sample was computationally processed to determine cell density. Custom software was then used to downsample coregistered microscopic histology to the more coarse MRI resolution. A voxel-by-voxel evaluation comparing ADC and cellularity was then performed. RESULTS: An ADC threshold of 0.929   10(-3) mm(2)/s was calculated from @entity7 -induced @entity1 and was used to define AFMM. Regions of AFMM showed significantly greater cell density in 6 of 7 high-grade @entity3 cases compared with regions of hyperintense FLAIR alone (P < .0001). Two @entity0 had small regions of diffusion-restricted @entity4 that had significantly lower ADC than nearby hypercellularity. CONCLUSIONS: Regions of AFMM contain hypercellularity except for regions with extremely restricted diffusion, where @entity4 is present.

title: Precise ex vivo histological validation of heightened cellularity and diffusion-restricted XXXX in regions of dark apparent diffusion coefficient in 7 cases of high-grade @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent conflicting reports have found both @entity6 hypercellularity and @entity4 in regions of restricted diffusion on MRI-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images. This study precisely compares ADC and cell density voxel by voxel using postmortem @entity0 whole brain samples. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity7 were evaluated to determine a normative ADC distribution within benign fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) T2/hyperintensity surrounding @entity2 . This distribution was used to calculate a minimum ADC threshold to define regions of ADC-FLAIR mismatch (AFMM), where restricted diffusion presented in conjunction with T2/FLAIR hyperintensity. Contrast-enhancing voxels were excluded from this analysis. AFMM maps were generated using imaging acquired prior to @entity5 in 7 @entity0 with high-grade @entity3 who eventually donated their brains upon @entity5 . Histological samples were taken from numerous regions of abnormal FLAIR and AFMM. Each sample was computationally processed to determine cell density. Custom software was then used to downsample coregistered microscopic histology to the more coarse MRI resolution. A voxel-by-voxel evaluation comparing ADC and cellularity was then performed. RESULTS: An ADC threshold of 0.929   10(-3) mm(2)/s was calculated from @entity7 -induced @entity1 and was used to define AFMM. Regions of AFMM showed significantly greater cell density in 6 of 7 high-grade @entity3 cases compared with regions of hyperintense FLAIR alone (P < .0001). Two @entity0 had small regions of diffusion-restricted @entity4 that had significantly lower ADC than nearby hypercellularity. CONCLUSIONS: Regions of AFMM contain hypercellularity except for regions with extremely restricted diffusion, where @entity4 is present.

title: Precise ex vivo histological validation of heightened cellularity and diffusion-restricted @entity4 in regions of dark apparent diffusion coefficient in 7 cases of high-grade XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with @entity2 are among the most frequent users of health care. Still, a significant percentage does not utilize health care for @entity1 . A range of factors predict @entity2 -related health care utilization. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study aimed at identifying predictors of @entity2 -related health care utilization and comparing predictors between @entity0 and @entity0 . METHODS: A postal questionnaire measuring sociodemographic variables, @entity1 characteristics, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and @entity1 -related health care utilization, was sent to a sample of 4500 individuals randomly drawn from the national population of Iceland. The relationships between sociodemographic and @entity1 -related factors and @entity1 -related health care utilization among @entity0 reporting @entity2 (>= 3  months) were tested by using bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS: Among @entity0 reporting @entity2 , 53.2% had consulted a health care provider for @entity1 during the previous 6  months. Predictors for @entity2 -related health care utilization differed between @entity0 and @entity0 . Interference with life and @entity1 pattern was the strongest predictors among @entity0 , as compared with interference with life and the physical components of HRQoL for @entity0 . @entity1 -related health care utilization was not linked to sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 -related variables are better predictors of @entity2 -related health care utilization than sociodemographic factors. Even though gender does not predict @entity2 -related health care utilization, there are gender differences in the relationships between @entity1 -related variables and health care utilization. @entity0 tend to postpone health care consultations for @entity2 longer than @entity0 .

title: Predictors for XXXX -related health care utilization: a cross-sectional nationwide study in Iceland.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spinal instrumentation plays a key role in the treatment of @entity7 in @entity0 with @entity1 . Poor bone quality, radiation, and diffuse @entity2 involvement present significant challenges to spinal stabilization with instrumentation and occasionally result in post instrumentation compression @entity4 . Vertebral cement augmentation has been effective in the treatment of @entity3 . Our objective was to describe cement augmentation options in the treatment of @entity8 associated with spinal instrumentation in @entity0 with @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 who underwent percutaneous vertebral cement augmentation in the treatment of instrumentation-associated @entity8 between 2005 and 2011 were included in the analysis. Only @entity4 that occurred within the construct or at an adjacent level were included. The change in Visual Analog Scale and need for further surgery were analyzed. RESULTS: Eleven @entity0 met the inclusion criteria, with 8 @entity2 located in the thoracic spine and 3 @entity2 in the lumbar spine. The median time between instrumented surgery and vertebral augmentation was 5 months (1-48 months) and the median follow-up after cement augmentation was 24 months (4-59 months). A total of 22 vertebrae that were either within or immediately adjacent to the surgical instrumentation underwent vertebral augmentation. All @entity0 reported a decrease in their @entity3 scores (mean decrease: 6 Visual Analog Scale points; P < .003). One @entity0 required reoperation after cement augmentation. None of the @entity0 experienced @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Vertebral cement augmentation represents a safe and effective treatment option in @entity0 with recurrent or progressive @entity6 and instrumentation-associated @entity8 .

title: Cement Salvage of Instrumentation-Associated XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: This was a retrospective cohort study that evaluated the differences in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI) in veterans with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), prescribed exenatide twice daily (BID) versus long-acting @entity2 analog (LAIA) two years after initiation in the United States (US) veteran population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 were included if they were >=  18 years old with @entity1 , and initiated exenatide BID or LAIA at the Veterans Health Administration between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2010. Multivariate models were used to evaluate the changes in HbA1c and BMI between groups, controlling for potential confounders. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the odds of achieving >=  0.5% @entity3 c reduction based on baseline @entity3 c stratifications: low,<7%; moderate, 7% to<9%; and high,>=  9%. RESULTS: A total of 446 exenatide BID and 51,531 LAIA @entity0 met inclusion/exclusion criteria. On average, exenatide BID @entity0 were significantly older (64 versus 60 years) with a higher BMI (37.8 versus 32.9 kg/m(2)). Baseline HbA1c was 8.2% and 8.8% for exenatide BID and LAIA @entity0 , respectively (P<0.001); otherwise, @entity0 were similar for all other characteristics. Exenatide BID treatment was significantly associated with a 0.32% (95%CI: 0.18-0.47%) greater reduction in HbA1c at two years compared with LAIA. Similar findings were observed for BMI reduction (0.68 kg/m(2); 95%CI: 0.42-0.95 kg/m(2)). Exenatide BID @entity0 with moderate baseline @entity3 c had significantly higher odds of achieving >=  0.5% HbA1c reduction compared with LAIA @entity0 (OR=1.5; 95%CI: 1.2-2.0). CONCLUSIONS: Veterans treated with exenatide BID had significantly greater reduction in HbA1c and BMI compared with @entity0 treated with LAIA @entity0 two years after initiation.

title: Retrospective cohort study evaluating exenatide twice daily and long-acting @entity2 analogs in a Veterans Health Administration population with type 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: This was a retrospective cohort study that evaluated the differences in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI) in veterans with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), prescribed exenatide twice daily (BID) versus long-acting @entity2 analog (LAIA) two years after initiation in the United States (US) veteran population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 were included if they were >=  18 years old with @entity1 , and initiated exenatide BID or LAIA at the Veterans Health Administration between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2010. Multivariate models were used to evaluate the changes in HbA1c and BMI between groups, controlling for potential confounders. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the odds of achieving >=  0.5% @entity3 c reduction based on baseline @entity3 c stratifications: low,<7%; moderate, 7% to<9%; and high,>=  9%. RESULTS: A total of 446 exenatide BID and 51,531 LAIA @entity0 met inclusion/exclusion criteria. On average, exenatide BID @entity0 were significantly older (64 versus 60 years) with a higher BMI (37.8 versus 32.9 kg/m(2)). Baseline HbA1c was 8.2% and 8.8% for exenatide BID and LAIA @entity0 , respectively (P<0.001); otherwise, @entity0 were similar for all other characteristics. Exenatide BID treatment was significantly associated with a 0.32% (95%CI: 0.18-0.47%) greater reduction in HbA1c at two years compared with LAIA. Similar findings were observed for BMI reduction (0.68 kg/m(2); 95%CI: 0.42-0.95 kg/m(2)). Exenatide BID @entity0 with moderate baseline @entity3 c had significantly higher odds of achieving >=  0.5% HbA1c reduction compared with LAIA @entity0 (OR=1.5; 95%CI: 1.2-2.0). CONCLUSIONS: Veterans treated with exenatide BID had significantly greater reduction in HbA1c and BMI compared with @entity0 treated with LAIA @entity0 two years after initiation.

title: Retrospective cohort study evaluating exenatide twice daily and long-acting XXXX analogs in a Veterans Health Administration population with type 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of addiction to the Internet, computer games, @entity6 , and video and its relationship to @entity2 and @entity3 in a sample of Iranian high school students. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study 1020 high school students (males and females) were selected randomly from different areas of Shiraz city in southern Iran. They were interviewed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity1 , 4(th) ed (DSM-IV) criteria. RESULTS: About 50% of the students were females, 277 students (27.2%) were studying in the first year of high school, 242 (23.7%) were in the second year, and others in the third year. The prevalence of @entity2 was significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.05). The prevalence of @entity2 was lower among students of the third year (p < 0.05). The prevalence of @entity3 was significantly higher in students with lower economic status defined as family monthly income. Internet @entity4 was seen only in 5 students. The prevalence of @entity2 was significantly higher in the students who used internet for chatting, amusement, and reading news (p < 0.05). The prevalence of @entity2 was significantly higher in students who were @entity6 or video @entity5 dependents (p < 0.05). The students who used especial drugs or had @entity0 had higher rates of @entity3 and @entity2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Internet addiction may cause @entity3 and @entity2 in high school students. It seems necessary to develop an Internet addiction prevention program for adolescents taking into account the psychological factors such as @entity3 and Internet use habits.

title: Prevalence of Addiction to the Internet, Computer Games, @entity6 , and Video and Its Relationship to XXXX in a Sample of Iranian High School Students.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of addiction to the Internet, computer games, @entity6 , and video and its relationship to @entity2 and @entity3 in a sample of Iranian high school students. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study 1020 high school students (males and females) were selected randomly from different areas of Shiraz city in southern Iran. They were interviewed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity1 , 4(th) ed (DSM-IV) criteria. RESULTS: About 50% of the students were females, 277 students (27.2%) were studying in the first year of high school, 242 (23.7%) were in the second year, and others in the third year. The prevalence of @entity2 was significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.05). The prevalence of @entity2 was lower among students of the third year (p < 0.05). The prevalence of @entity3 was significantly higher in students with lower economic status defined as family monthly income. Internet @entity4 was seen only in 5 students. The prevalence of @entity2 was significantly higher in the students who used internet for chatting, amusement, and reading news (p < 0.05). The prevalence of @entity2 was significantly higher in students who were @entity6 or video @entity5 dependents (p < 0.05). The students who used especial drugs or had @entity0 had higher rates of @entity3 and @entity2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Internet addiction may cause @entity3 and @entity2 in high school students. It seems necessary to develop an Internet addiction prevention program for adolescents taking into account the psychological factors such as @entity3 and Internet use habits.

title: Prevalence of Addiction to the Internet, Computer Games, XXXX , and Video and Its Relationship to @entity3 in a Sample of Iranian High School Students.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The majority of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity4 ) develop soft-tissue and bony @entity3 leading to gross @entity5 in vision, breathing, speech, and feeding. The authors describe and illustrate a surgical approach for the treatment of these @entity2 with restoration of facial symmetry and contour based on facial subunits. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective case series of @entity0 from 2004 to 2011 presenting for primary evaluation and treatment to a tertiary referral center specializing in @entity1 . The medical records and photographs of @entity0 with @entity2 and soft-tissue @entity3 were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 160 @entity0 who presented with the diagnosis of facial @entity2 /port-wine stain, 96 (60 percent) had soft-tissue @entity3 in one or more dermatomes resulting in @entity5 . Only 4.4 percent of @entity0 had solely V1 involvement, 38.8 percent had V2 involvement, and 15.6 percent had V3 involvement. The technique and incisions used for each facial zone are described in detail. In all cases, incisions were placed along existing boundaries of facial subunits. Serial pulsed-dye laser treatments were also performed. CONCLUSIONS: Sixty percent of @entity0 with facial @entity2 experience soft-tissue @entity3 with or without bony remodeling, and surgical correction is required. The authors describe a staged surgical treatment for these @entity0 based on a subunit and zonal approach to the face. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

title: Surgical treatment of head and neck XXXX by means of a staged zonal approach.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are common @entity1 , whose specific biomarkers are needed. The purpose of this pilot study is to determine whether protein profiling in NTD-mothers differ from normal controls using @entity0 . ProteinChip Biomarker System was used to evaluate 82 maternal serum samples, 78 urine samples and 76 amniotic fluid samples. The validity of classification tree was then challenged with a blind test set including another 20 NTD-mothers and 18 controls in serum samples, and another 19 NTD-mothers and 17 controls in urine samples, and another 20 NTD-mothers and 17 controls in amniotic fluid samples. Eight proteins detected in serum samples were up-regulated and four proteins were down-regulated in the NTD group. Four proteins detected in urine samples were up-regulated and one protein was down-regulated in the NTD group. Six proteins detected in amniotic fluid samples were up-regulated and one protein was down-regulated in the NTD group. The classification tree for serum samples separated @entity2 from healthy individuals, achieving a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 97% in the training set, and achieving a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 97% and a positive predictive value of 95% in the test set. The classification tree for urine samples separated @entity2 from controls, achieving a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 94% in the training set, and achieving a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 82% and a positive predictive value of 85% in the test set. The classification tree for amniotic fluid samples separated @entity2 from controls, achieving a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 89% in the training set, and achieving a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 88% and a positive predictive value of 90% in the test set. These suggest that @entity0 is an additional method for @entity2 pregnancies detection.

title: XXXX proteomic profiling of serum, urine, and amniotic fluid in neural tube defects.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ), caused by @entity1 congolense, is widespread throughout sub-Saharan Africa. There are significant concerns related to the current drugs available for the treatment of @entity2 due to their limited effectiveness across species and their adverse effects. Moreover, drug resistant trypanosomes have recently been reported in the field. High throughput screening (HTS) of large chemical compound library collections is a promising approach for identifying novel drug candidates. While HTS for Trypanozoon trypanosomes, @entity1 sspp. and T. evansi is well established, no assays have been developed for T. congolense. In the present study, the authors developed an @entity0 -based luciferase viability assay for T. congolense in a 96-well plate format. The calculated 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for @entity3 and @entity4 were 10-100 times higher in T. congolense than in @entity1 . This result suggests that the transporters for the two tested compounds differ between T. congolense and @entity1 . This assay could further be applied to screen novel chemical compounds for the treatment of @entity2 caused by T. congolense.

title: Establishment of @entity0 -Based Luciferase Viability Assay in 96-Well Plate for XXXX congolense.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ), caused by @entity1 congolense, is widespread throughout sub-Saharan Africa. There are significant concerns related to the current drugs available for the treatment of @entity2 due to their limited effectiveness across species and their adverse effects. Moreover, drug resistant trypanosomes have recently been reported in the field. High throughput screening (HTS) of large chemical compound library collections is a promising approach for identifying novel drug candidates. While HTS for Trypanozoon trypanosomes, @entity1 sspp. and T. evansi is well established, no assays have been developed for T. congolense. In the present study, the authors developed an @entity0 -based luciferase viability assay for T. congolense in a 96-well plate format. The calculated 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for @entity3 and @entity4 were 10-100 times higher in T. congolense than in @entity1 . This result suggests that the transporters for the two tested compounds differ between T. congolense and @entity1 . This assay could further be applied to screen novel chemical compounds for the treatment of @entity2 caused by T. congolense.

title: Establishment of XXXX -Based Luciferase Viability Assay in 96-Well Plate for @entity1 congolense.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Social support is associated with enhanced illness management and recovery in @entity0 with @entity2 , making it an important topic addressed through acute inpatient psychoeducational programs. In addition, trust in the therapist may mediate clinical outcomes in this @entity0 population. To date, few studies have examined the effect of music-based psychoeducational programs on these variables. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to isolate and examine the component parts of a live educational music therapy intervention, and its effect on acute @entity1 inpatients' perceived social support from significant others, family, and friends and trust in the therapist. This study also explored whether trust in therapist varied across conditions, but did not examine it as a mediator for social support. METHOD: @entity0 (N = 96) were cluster-randomized in a single-session posttest-only design to one of four conditions: live educational music therapy, recorded educational music therapy, education without music, or recreational music therapy without education. Conditions were designed to isolate the following intervention components: live vs. recorded music, educational vs. non-educational content, and music vs. nonmusic modality. Dependent measures were assessed post intervention via established self-report instruments evaluating perceived social support and trust in the therapist. RESULTS: There were no significant between-group differences for social support or trust in therapist total scores. However, subscale score analyses revealed two significant between-group differences: (a) @entity0 in the Live Educational Music Therapy condition reported significantly higher perceived therapist competence compared with the Recorded Educational Music Therapy condition; (b) @entity0 in the Live Educational Music Therapy condition reported significantly higher perceived support from friends compared with the Recreational Music Therapy condition. CONCLUSIONS: Live educational music therapy may be a way to heighten @entity1 inpatients' perceived social support concerning friends and perceptions of the therapist's competence. The current results demonstrated differences between live and recorded music therapy in @entity1 music therapy and provide empirical support for competent musicianship. Implications for clinical practice, limitations, and suggestions for future research are included.

title: Effects of a live educational music therapy intervention on acute XXXX inpatients' perceived social support and trust in the therapist: a four-group randomized effectiveness study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to investigate the prognostic role of pre-treatment of markers of the systemic inflammatory response (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and albumin) in @entity0 with @entity2 treated with chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: A total of 251 @entity0 with @entity3 treated with chemoradiotherapy between 2004 and 2010 were retrospectively identified. NLR, PLR, and albumin were recorded from baseline blood parameters. NLR threshold of >5 and PLR thresholds of  <=150, >150 and  <=300, and >300 were used for analysis. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 46 months (range 9-98). The 3 year overall survival, local control, regional control, and distant control were 70%, 85%, 87%, and 87%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, locoregional control was associated with T stage (HR 3.3 (95% CI 1.5-6.9), P = 0.002) and NLR ( @entity4 (95% CI 1.1-3.9), P = 0.023). Overall survival was associated with T stage (HR 2.47 (95% CI 1.45-4.2), P = 0.001) and grade (HR 0.61 (95% CI 0.38-0.99), P = 0.048). PLR and albumin were not significantly associated with disease outcomes or survival. CONCLUSIONS: The NLR is an independent prognostic factor for locoregional control in @entity1 treated with chemoradiotherapy.

title: The Prognostic Role of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in XXXX Treated with Chemoradiotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess long-term safety and developmental data on @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 treated in routine clinical practice with @entity8 or nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsNSAIDs). METHODS: @entity0 aged >= 2 to <18  years with @entity6 , persistent or extended @entity5 , or systemic @entity2 were enrolled into this prospective, observational, multicenter standard-of-care registry. Eligible @entity0 were newly or recently prescribed ( <=6  months) an nsNSAID or @entity8 . Enrolled @entity0 were followed to the end of the study, whether they remained on the original NSAID, switched, or discontinued therapy altogether. All adverse events (AEs) regardless of severity were captured in the database. RESULTS: A total of 274 @entity0 (nsNSAID, n   =   219; @entity8 , n   =   55) were observed for 410 @entity0 -years of observation. @entity3 , @entity7 , and @entity4 were the most frequently used nsNSAIDs. At baseline, the @entity8 group was older, had a numerically longer median time since diagnosis, and a numerically higher proportion of @entity0 with a history of gastrointestinal-related NSAID intolerance. AEs reported were those frequently observed with NSAID treatment and were similar across groups (nsNSAIDs: 52.0%; @entity8 : 52.9%). Twelve unique @entity0 experienced a total of 18 serious AEs; the most frequent were @entity1 , and none was attributed to NSAID use. CONCLUSIONS: The safety profile of @entity8 and nsNSAIDs appears similar overall. The results from this registry, ongoing pharmacovigilance, and the phase 3 trial that led to the approval of @entity8 for @entity0 with @entity5 provide evidence that the benefit-risk for @entity8 treatment in @entity5 remains positive. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00688545.

title: Safety of XXXX and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in @entity5 : results of the phase 4 registry.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess long-term safety and developmental data on @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 treated in routine clinical practice with @entity8 or nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsNSAIDs). METHODS: @entity0 aged >= 2 to <18  years with @entity6 , persistent or extended @entity5 , or systemic @entity2 were enrolled into this prospective, observational, multicenter standard-of-care registry. Eligible @entity0 were newly or recently prescribed ( <=6  months) an nsNSAID or @entity8 . Enrolled @entity0 were followed to the end of the study, whether they remained on the original NSAID, switched, or discontinued therapy altogether. All adverse events (AEs) regardless of severity were captured in the database. RESULTS: A total of 274 @entity0 (nsNSAID, n   =   219; @entity8 , n   =   55) were observed for 410 @entity0 -years of observation. @entity3 , @entity7 , and @entity4 were the most frequently used nsNSAIDs. At baseline, the @entity8 group was older, had a numerically longer median time since diagnosis, and a numerically higher proportion of @entity0 with a history of gastrointestinal-related NSAID intolerance. AEs reported were those frequently observed with NSAID treatment and were similar across groups (nsNSAIDs: 52.0%; @entity8 : 52.9%). Twelve unique @entity0 experienced a total of 18 serious AEs; the most frequent were @entity1 , and none was attributed to NSAID use. CONCLUSIONS: The safety profile of @entity8 and nsNSAIDs appears similar overall. The results from this registry, ongoing pharmacovigilance, and the phase 3 trial that led to the approval of @entity8 for @entity0 with @entity5 provide evidence that the benefit-risk for @entity8 treatment in @entity5 remains positive. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00688545.

title: Safety of @entity8 and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in XXXX : results of the phase 4 registry.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Electrical properties of cells determine most of the cellular functions, particularly ones which occur in the cell's membrane. Manipulation of these electrical properties may provide a powerful electrotherapy option for the treatment of @entity2 as cancerous cells have been shown to be more electronegative than normal proliferating cells. Previously, we used an electrical impedance sensing system (EIS) to explore the responses of cancerous SKOV3 cells and normal HUVEC cells to low intensity (<2 V/cm) AC electric fields, determining that the optimal frequency for SKOV3 proliferation arrest was 200 kHz, without harming the non-cancerous HUVECs. In this study, to determine if these effects are cell type dependant, @entity1 @entity0 cells (MCF7) were subjected to a range of frequencies (50 kHz-2 MHz) similar to the previously tested SKOV3. For the MCF7, an optimal frequency of 100 kHz was determined using the EIS, indicating a higher sensitivity towards the applied field. Further experiments specifically targeting the two types of @entity2 cells using @entity3 antibody functionalized gold nanoparticles ( @entity3 -AuNPs) were performed to determine if enhanced electric field strength can be induced via the application of nanoparticles, consequently leading to the killing of the cancerous cells without affecting non cancerous HUVECs and MCF10a providing a platform for the development of a non-invasive @entity2 treatment without any harmful side effects. The EIS was used to monitor the real-time consequences on cellular viability and a noticeable decrease in the growth profile of the MCF7 was observed with the application of the @entity3 -AuNPs and the electric fields indicating specific inhibitory effects on dividing cells in culture. To further understand the effects of the externally applied field to the cells, an @entity4 /EthD-III assay was performed to determine the cell death mechanism indicating apoptosis. The zeta potential of the SKOV3 and the MCF7 before and after incorporation of the @entity3 -AuNPs was also obtained indicating a decrease in zeta potential with the incorporation of the nanoparticles. The outcome of this research will improve our fundamental understanding of the behavior of @entity2 cells and define optimal parameters of electrotherapy for clinical and drug delivery applications.

title: Immuno nanoparticles integrated electrical control of targeted XXXX cell development using whole cell bioelectronic device.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Abstract: Background: @entity4 with persistent air leak is a common problem causing significant morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and increased health care costs. When conventional therapy fails, an alternative to prolonged chest tube drainage or surgery is needed. New bronchoscopic techniques have been developed to close the air leak by reducing the flow of air through the leak. The objective of this study was to analyze our experience with bronchoscopic application of a synthetic hydrogel for the treatment of such fistulas. Methods:We conducted a retrospective study of @entity0 with @entity4 with persistent air leaks, treated with synthetic hydrogel application via flexible bronchoscopy. @entity0 characteristics, underlying disease and outcome of endoscopic treatment were analyzed. Results:Between January 2009 and December 2013, 22 @entity0 (14 @entity0 , 8 @entity0 ; mean age    SD, 62    10 years) were treated with one to three applications of a synthetic hydrogel per @entity0 . The primary etiology of persistent air leak was @entity1 pneumonia (n=8), post thoracic surgery (n=6), @entity5 (n=5), @entity6 (n=2) and @entity2 (n=1). Nineteen @entity0 (86%) had a complete resolution of the air leak leading to successful removal of chest tube 4.3    0.9 days post last bronchoscopic application. The procedure was very well tolerated, with two @entity0 coughing up the hydrogel and one having @entity3 requiring bronchoscopic suctioning. Conclusion:Bronchoscopic administration of a synthetic hydrogel is an effective, nonsurgical, minimally invasive intervention for @entity0 with persistent pulmonary air leaks secondary to @entity4 . Background: @entity4 with persistent air leak is a common problem causing significant morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and increased health care costs. When conventional therapy fails, an alternative to prolonged chest tube drainage or surgery is needed. New bronchoscopic techniques have been developed to close the air leak by reducing the flow of air through the leak. The objective of this study was to analyze our experience with bronchoscopic application of a synthetic hydrogel for the treatment of such fistulas. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of @entity0 with @entity4 with persistent air leaks, treated with synthetic hydrogel application via flexible bronchoscopy. @entity0 characteristics, underlying disease and outcome of endoscopic treatment were analyzed. Results: Between January 2009 and December 2013, 22 @entity0 (14 @entity0 , 8 @entity0 ; mean age    SD, 62    10 years) were treated with one to three applications of a synthetic hydrogel per @entity0 . The primary etiology of persistent air leak was @entity1 pneumonia (n=8), post thoracic surgery (n=6), @entity5 (n=5), @entity6 (n=2) and @entity2 (n=1). Nineteen @entity0 (86%) had a complete resolution of the air leak leading to successful removal of chest tube 4.3    0.9 days post last bronchoscopic application. The procedure was very well tolerated, with two @entity0 coughing up the hydrogel and one having @entity3 requiring bronchoscopic suctioning. Conclusion: Bronchoscopic administration of a synthetic hydrogel is an effective, nonsurgical, minimally invasive intervention for @entity0 with persistent pulmonary air leaks secondary to @entity4 .

title: Treatment of XXXX with endobronchial application of synthetic hydrogel (CoSeal).

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 with a diverse spectrum of rare @entity5 can present with @entity1 ( @entity7 ). @entity0 with these disorders often develop symptoms during infancy or early childhood, along with endoscopic or histological features of @entity2 , @entity3 , or @entity7 unclassified. Defects in @entity6 signaling have a Mendelian inheritance pattern with complete penetrance of intestinal @entity4 . Several @entity5 that disturb intestinal epithelial barrier function or affect innate and adaptive immune function have incomplete penetrance of the @entity7 -like phenotype. Several of these monogenic conditions do not respond to conventional therapy and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Due to the broad spectrum of these extremely rare diseases, a correct diagnosis is frequently a challenge and often delayed. In many cases, these diseases cannot be categorized based on standard histological and immunologic features of @entity7 . Genetic analysis is required to identify the cause of the disorder and offer the @entity0 appropriate treatment options, which include medical therapy, surgery, or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In addition, diagnosis based on genetic analysis can lead to genetic counseling for family members of @entity0 . We describe key intestinal, extraintestinal, and laboratory features of 50 genetic variants associated with @entity7 -like intestinal @entity4 . In addition, we provide approaches for identifying @entity0 likely to have these disorders. We also discuss classic approaches to identify these variants in @entity0 , starting with phenotypic and functional assessments that lead to analysis of candidate genes. As a complementary approach, we discuss parallel genetic screening using next-generation sequencing followed by functional confirmation of @entity5 .

title: The Diagnostic Approach to Monogenic Very Early Onset XXXX .

answer: @entity1