abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture ( EA) on the related protein expression of the signaling pathway of the @entity5 ( @entity5 )/myeloid differentiation factor (MYD) 88 in ankle joint synovial tissue of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . METHODS: Fifty male SD @entity0 were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal group, @entity4 group, @entity2 model group, medication group and EA group, 10 @entity0 in each group. @entity4 group established model by inducing @entity4 , other groups established @entity2 model by inducing @entity1 , except the normal group. Two days before model was established, normal and @entity4 and @entity2 model groups were lavaged with normal saline (20 mL/kg), medication group was lavaged with @entity3 solution (1 mg/kg), EA (1. 5-2 Hz, D.-D. wave, 9 V, 1-3 mA) was applied to"Sanyinjiao" ( @entity7 ),"Jiexi"(ST41) and "kunlun" (BL60) for 20 min, once daily, continuously for 9 days. Then the join sewlling index was observed periodically, the protein expression of @entity5 and @entity6 was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared to the normal group, the join sewlling of the @entity4 group in test join increased significantly (P<0. 05) and the protein expression of @entity5 and @entity6 in synovial tissue has not statistically significant (P>0.05), the oin sewlling and protein expression of @entity5 and @entity6 in synovial tissue of model group increased significantly P<0. 05); The medication and EA group compared to the model group, the protein expression of @entity5 and @entity6 in synovial tissue decreased significantly (P <0. 05), the join sewlling in test join decreased significantly P<1. 05); There were not statistically significant between the EA group and the medication group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: EA can alleviate the symptoms of @entity2 , which may be related to regulation of the protein expression Y TRI and @entity6 in the TLR/ @entity6 signaling pathway.

title: [The effects of electro-acupuncture on the signaling pathway of TLR/ @entity6 in ankle joint synovial tissue of XXXX @entity0 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture ( EA) on the related protein expression of the signaling pathway of the @entity5 ( @entity5 )/myeloid differentiation factor (MYD) 88 in ankle joint synovial tissue of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . METHODS: Fifty male SD @entity0 were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal group, @entity4 group, @entity2 model group, medication group and EA group, 10 @entity0 in each group. @entity4 group established model by inducing @entity4 , other groups established @entity2 model by inducing @entity1 , except the normal group. Two days before model was established, normal and @entity4 and @entity2 model groups were lavaged with normal saline (20 mL/kg), medication group was lavaged with @entity3 solution (1 mg/kg), EA (1. 5-2 Hz, D.-D. wave, 9 V, 1-3 mA) was applied to"Sanyinjiao" ( @entity7 ),"Jiexi"(ST41) and "kunlun" (BL60) for 20 min, once daily, continuously for 9 days. Then the join sewlling index was observed periodically, the protein expression of @entity5 and @entity6 was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared to the normal group, the join sewlling of the @entity4 group in test join increased significantly (P<0. 05) and the protein expression of @entity5 and @entity6 in synovial tissue has not statistically significant (P>0.05), the oin sewlling and protein expression of @entity5 and @entity6 in synovial tissue of model group increased significantly P<0. 05); The medication and EA group compared to the model group, the protein expression of @entity5 and @entity6 in synovial tissue decreased significantly (P <0. 05), the join sewlling in test join decreased significantly P<1. 05); There were not statistically significant between the EA group and the medication group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: EA can alleviate the symptoms of @entity2 , which may be related to regulation of the protein expression Y TRI and @entity6 in the TLR/ @entity6 signaling pathway.

title: [The effects of electro-acupuncture on the signaling pathway of TLR/ XXXX in ankle joint synovial tissue of @entity2 @entity0 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture ( EA) on the related protein expression of the signaling pathway of the @entity5 ( @entity5 )/myeloid differentiation factor (MYD) 88 in ankle joint synovial tissue of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . METHODS: Fifty male SD @entity0 were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal group, @entity4 group, @entity2 model group, medication group and EA group, 10 @entity0 in each group. @entity4 group established model by inducing @entity4 , other groups established @entity2 model by inducing @entity1 , except the normal group. Two days before model was established, normal and @entity4 and @entity2 model groups were lavaged with normal saline (20 mL/kg), medication group was lavaged with @entity3 solution (1 mg/kg), EA (1. 5-2 Hz, D.-D. wave, 9 V, 1-3 mA) was applied to"Sanyinjiao" ( @entity7 ),"Jiexi"(ST41) and "kunlun" (BL60) for 20 min, once daily, continuously for 9 days. Then the join sewlling index was observed periodically, the protein expression of @entity5 and @entity6 was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared to the normal group, the join sewlling of the @entity4 group in test join increased significantly (P<0. 05) and the protein expression of @entity5 and @entity6 in synovial tissue has not statistically significant (P>0.05), the oin sewlling and protein expression of @entity5 and @entity6 in synovial tissue of model group increased significantly P<0. 05); The medication and EA group compared to the model group, the protein expression of @entity5 and @entity6 in synovial tissue decreased significantly (P <0. 05), the join sewlling in test join decreased significantly P<1. 05); There were not statistically significant between the EA group and the medication group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: EA can alleviate the symptoms of @entity2 , which may be related to regulation of the protein expression Y TRI and @entity6 in the TLR/ @entity6 signaling pathway.

title: [The effects of electro-acupuncture on the signaling pathway of TLR/ @entity6 in ankle joint synovial tissue of @entity2 XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of blink reflex in early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of @entity3 . METHODS: Blink reflex and @entity2 were examined in 58 @entity0 with @entity3 within one week after symptom onset. The @entity0 without response of R1 , R2 and R2 ' waves were classified as complete efferent retardarce (Group A, 30 cases), and those with response of R1 , R2 and R2 ' waves were classified as @entity1 (Group B, 28 cases). The clinical outcomes after three months of systemic therapy were evaluated using the House-Blackmann (H-B) scale. RESULTS: Efferent anomalies of blink reflex occurred in ail of the 58 @entity0 . Abnormal results of @entity2 appeared in 23 (39. 7%) @entity0 . The three months therapy was effective in 93% @entity0 in Group B and 70% @entity0 in Group A (P<0. 05). CONCLUSION: Blink reflex can play a significant role in early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of @entity3 .

title: [Early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of XXXX with blink reflex ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: When intact @entity2 chloroplasts were supplied with [32P]Pi, stromal protein phosphorylation was found to occur in the dark. On illumination the thylakoid protein kinase was activated and the amount of label found in thylakoid proteins quickly exceeded that incorporated into stromal protein, such that the latter was found to account for only 10-15% of the total radioactivity bound to chloroplast proteins after 5 min illumination. The rate of phosphorylation of stromal polypeptides was unchanged by light. After @entity0 / @entity3 -gel electrophoresis, more than 15 labelled polypeptides of stromal origin were observed. A polypeptide with an Mr of approx. 70 000 had the highest specific activity of labelling. Both the large and small subunits of the @entity5 carboxylase were phosphorylated. The level of phosphorylation of stromal protein was increased by @entity1 fixation in intact chloroplasts. This increase was not observed in the absence of @entity4 or in the presence of the phosphoribulokinase inhibitor @entity6 . These effects appeared to be largely due to changes in the phosphorylation state of the large and small subunits of @entity5 carboxylase. Studies with the reconstituted chloroplast system showed that the thylakoid protein kinase(s) played no part in the phosphorylation of stromal protein. The rate and level of phosphorylation of stromal protein was unaffected by the activation state of the thylakoid protein kinase and was unchanged when thylakoids were omitted from the reaction medium. The phosphorylation of stromal proteins is therefore catalysed by a discrete soluble protein kinase.

title: Stromal protein phosphorylation in XXXX ( @entity2 ) chloroplasts.

answer: @entity2


abstract: When intact @entity2 chloroplasts were supplied with [32P]Pi, stromal protein phosphorylation was found to occur in the dark. On illumination the thylakoid protein kinase was activated and the amount of label found in thylakoid proteins quickly exceeded that incorporated into stromal protein, such that the latter was found to account for only 10-15% of the total radioactivity bound to chloroplast proteins after 5 min illumination. The rate of phosphorylation of stromal polypeptides was unchanged by light. After @entity0 / @entity3 -gel electrophoresis, more than 15 labelled polypeptides of stromal origin were observed. A polypeptide with an Mr of approx. 70 000 had the highest specific activity of labelling. Both the large and small subunits of the @entity5 carboxylase were phosphorylated. The level of phosphorylation of stromal protein was increased by @entity1 fixation in intact chloroplasts. This increase was not observed in the absence of @entity4 or in the presence of the phosphoribulokinase inhibitor @entity6 . These effects appeared to be largely due to changes in the phosphorylation state of the large and small subunits of @entity5 carboxylase. Studies with the reconstituted chloroplast system showed that the thylakoid protein kinase(s) played no part in the phosphorylation of stromal protein. The rate and level of phosphorylation of stromal protein was unaffected by the activation state of the thylakoid protein kinase and was unchanged when thylakoids were omitted from the reaction medium. The phosphorylation of stromal proteins is therefore catalysed by a discrete soluble protein kinase.

title: Stromal protein phosphorylation in @entity2 ( XXXX ) chloroplasts.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelets (PLTs) stored at 22  C accumulate microparticles and biologic response modifiers (BRMs) that induce inflammatory reactions in transfusion recipients. However, soluble BRMs are fully diluted in the recipient's blood circulation. The mechanisms by which BRMs exert their effects have not been elucidated. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of PLT microparticles (PMPs) on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-mediated @entity0 pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) damage and determine the role of soluble @entity5 ligand (sCD40L). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PMPs were isolated from apheresis PLT concentrates. We used a two-insult in vitro model of @entity2 to investigate the effects of @entity9 and sCD40L and role of @entity8 , an inhibitor of PMN respiratory burst. Their priming activities were measured using @entity1 production. The expression of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and integrin aM ( @entity6 ) were also determined. RESULTS: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated @entity2 and PMN respiratory burst depend on the presence of @entity9 and the concentration of sCD40L. @entity9 -induced PMN-mediated @entity2 was significantly reduced by @entity8 -treated PMNs (p   <   0.05). The surface expression of @entity4 on HMVEC was increased by LPS stimulation. The expression of @entity6 on PMNs was increased by @entity9 priming. Blocking @entity4 with a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) @entity4 significantly reduced @entity2 (p   <   0.05). The treatment of endothelial cells but not PMN with a MoAb targeting @entity5 failed to prevent the @entity2 caused by PMPs (p   >   0.05). CONCLUSION: PMPs carry a concentrated @entity7 signal, promote PMN-mediated @entity2 , and may affect the development of transfusion-related @entity3 .

title: Platelet-derived microparticles induce polymorphonuclear leukocyte-mediated damage of XXXX pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vaso-occlusive @entity1 , the hallmark of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), is a major contributor to morbidity, poor health-related quality of life, and health care utilization associated with this disease. There is wide variation in the burden, frequency, and severity of @entity1 experienced by @entity0 with @entity2 . As compared with health care utilization for @entity1 , a daily @entity1 diary captures the breadth of the @entity1 experience and is a superior measure of @entity1 burden and its impact on @entity0 . @entity1 diaries based on real-time data capture methods overcome methodological barriers and limitations of paper @entity1 diaries, but their psychometric properties have not been formally established in @entity0 with @entity2 . OBJECTIVES: To develop and establish the content validity of a web-based multidimensional @entity1 diary for adolescents and young adults with @entity2 and conduct an end-user review to refine the prototype. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following identification of items, a conceptual model was developed. Interviews with adolescents and young adults with @entity2 were conducted. Subsequently, end-user review with use of the electronic @entity1 was conducted. RESULTS: Two iterative cycles of in-depth cognitive interviews in adolescents and young adults with @entity2 informed the design and guided the addition, removal, and modification of items in the multidimensional @entity1 diary. Potential end-users provided positive feedback on the design and prototype of the electronic diary. CONCLUSION: A multidimensional web-based electronic @entity1 diary for adolescents and young adults with @entity2 has been developed and content validity and initial end-user reviews have been completed.

title: Development, Content Validity, and User Review of a Web-based Multidimensional Pain Diary for Adolescent and Young Adults With XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the incidence, severity, quality, and treatment of @entity1 in a large cohort of @entity3 @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A web-based survey was distributed to all individuals on the @entity3 Foundation listserv. Respondents who endorsed a diagnosis of @entity3 were queried as to the presence, frequency, severity, location, and quality of their @entity1 and were asked to describe the specific treatments used to manage @entity1 . The primary outcome was the presence of @entity1 symptoms in respondents during the 7-day period preceding completion of the survey. RESULTS: Of the 993 @entity0 with a verified diagnosis of @entity3 , 67% (95% confidence interval, 64%-69%) reported @entity1 in the preceding 7 days. Median (interquartile range) "average @entity1 " was 4 (3 to 5) on the numeric rating scale; "worst @entity1 " was 7 (5 to 8). "Worst @entity1 experienced" was >= 4 in 93% of respondents. Analgesic use to control @entity1 related to @entity3 was reported in 56% of respondents with 55% reporting <50% @entity1 relief with this modality. Few @entity0 underwent interventional procedures for @entity1 control, despite intractable back and joint @entity1 being common. A majority (52%) of respondents rated " @entity2 care" from their physicians as either "poor" or "fair." DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that @entity1 symptoms in @entity3 @entity0 are underestimated and likely undertreated. We propose a need for improved @entity0 and medical provider awareness of @entity1 management options in this population, including the development of effective algorithms to treat @entity1 in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: The Incidence and Severity of Physical Pain Symptoms in Marfan Syndrome: A Survey of 993 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The practice of administering intravenous contrast to @entity0 varies by institution depending on their routine. OBJECTIVES: To assess the necessity of routine contrast administration in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pediatric outpatients referred for @entity3 workups. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of consecutive pediatric brain MRI examinations performed during January and February 2014 in 30 pediatric outpatients referred for evaluation of @entity3 . Independent review was performed by two board-certified neuroradiologists. The raters reviewed each MRI first as a non-contrast examination (without seeing the post-contrast images) and then with post-contrast images. RESULTS: No abnormalities were found in six @entity0 . One @entity0 had an indeterminate finding of a @entity1 requiring follow-up. In the remaining @entity0 (n = 23), the findings were subclinical and included: mucosal thickening in the paranasal sinuses in 9 @entity0 , cystic changes of the pineal gland in 8 (size 2-9 mm), small @entity2 in 6, non-specific FLAIR hyperintensities in 4, opacification of the mastoids in 2, and @entity4 in 1 @entity0 . The subclinical cases that were missed on pre-contrast images were: one small @entity2 , one @entity4 and one small pineal cyst, none of which hold clinical significance. All kappa inter-rater and intra-rater agreement scores resulted in values above 0.75, excellent agreement according to Fleiss guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: There seems to be little reason to medically justify large-scale use of routine IV contrast administration to evaluate a brain MRI of pediatric @entity0 referred for @entity3 .

title: Should Intravenous Contrast be Administered in MRI Evaluation of Pediatric Outpatients with XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adding @entity2 to hormonal therapy could improve sexual function and general well-being among @entity0 during climacteric. We evaluated the effectiveness of @entity4 on sexual function in postmenopausal @entity0 utilizing the standardized questionnaire @entity3 score. METHODS: Postmenopausal @entity0 with sexual complaints and @entity3 ( @entity3 )  <= 26.5 were enrolled in to this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. @entity0 were randomly assigned to 8-week treatment with either oral @entity4 40 mg or placebo twice weekly with daily oral @entity1 . The @entity3 scores before and after treatment were compared to assess any improvement of sexual function. RESULTS: Seventy @entity0 were recruited of which each group had 35 @entity0 . The baseline characteristics and baseline @entity3 scores were comparable between both groups. After 8 weeks of treatment, the @entity3 scores significantly improved in both groups when compared to the baseline but the @entity3 scores from the @entity2 group were significantly higher than in the placebo group post-treatment (28.6    3.6, 25.3    6.7, respectively, p = 0.04). There was no difference in adverse effect between the two groups CONCLUSIONS: The twice weekly addition of @entity4 to daily oral @entity1 was associated with a significant improvement in sexual function among postmenopausal @entity0 than the use of the @entity1 alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01724658 (February 17, 2012).

title: Effectiveness of a low dose XXXX to improve sexual function in postmenopausal @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adding @entity2 to hormonal therapy could improve sexual function and general well-being among @entity0 during climacteric. We evaluated the effectiveness of @entity4 on sexual function in postmenopausal @entity0 utilizing the standardized questionnaire @entity3 score. METHODS: Postmenopausal @entity0 with sexual complaints and @entity3 ( @entity3 )  <= 26.5 were enrolled in to this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. @entity0 were randomly assigned to 8-week treatment with either oral @entity4 40 mg or placebo twice weekly with daily oral @entity1 . The @entity3 scores before and after treatment were compared to assess any improvement of sexual function. RESULTS: Seventy @entity0 were recruited of which each group had 35 @entity0 . The baseline characteristics and baseline @entity3 scores were comparable between both groups. After 8 weeks of treatment, the @entity3 scores significantly improved in both groups when compared to the baseline but the @entity3 scores from the @entity2 group were significantly higher than in the placebo group post-treatment (28.6    3.6, 25.3    6.7, respectively, p = 0.04). There was no difference in adverse effect between the two groups CONCLUSIONS: The twice weekly addition of @entity4 to daily oral @entity1 was associated with a significant improvement in sexual function among postmenopausal @entity0 than the use of the @entity1 alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01724658 (February 17, 2012).

title: Effectiveness of a low dose @entity4 to improve sexual function in postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A consecutive series of 44 @entity0 with proven @entity5 was studied to document the @entity1 , assess their prevalence, correlate them with the clinical signs and symptoms and determine their prognostic significance. Abnormalities were found in ten @entity0 (23%), this prevalence being less than previously noted. The abnormalities shown were non-segmental opacification (consolidation-eight cases), basal linear opacities (collapse-five cases) and @entity4 (four cases). The first radiographic demonstration of a large @entity4 in @entity5 is recorded. @entity3 @entity0 had a higher prevalence (43%) of these @entity3 (13%). No other correlation with clinical signs or symptoms was found. The presence of these abnormalities had no prognostic significance. It is concluded that the presence of @entity1 in in- @entity0 with @entity5 is common. These abnormalities are non-specific and can mimic other diseases leading to diagnostic difficulty. @entity2 may be extensive in the absence of clinical signs and symptoms.

title: The chest radiograph in XXXX in Jamaica.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Apelin has been proved to be protective against apoptosis induced by ischemic reperfusion. However, mechanisms whereby apelin produces neuroprotection remain to be elucidated. @entity5 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master energy sensor that monitors levels of key energy metabolites. It is activated via AMPKaThr172 phosphorylation during @entity4 and appears to be neuroprotective. In this study, we investigated the effect of apelin on AMPKa and tested whether apelin protecting against apoptosis was associated with AMPK signals. Focal transient @entity4 /reperfusion (I/R) model in male ICR @entity0 was induced by 60min of @entity1 followed by reperfusion. Apelin-13 was injected intracerebroventricularly 15min before reperfusion. AMPK inhibitor, compound C, was injected to @entity0 intraperitoneally at the onset of @entity1 . In experiment 1, the effect of apelin-13 on AMPKa was measured. In experiment 2, the relevance of AMPKa and apelin-13' effect on apoptosis was measured. Data showed that apelin-13 significantly increased AMPKa phosphorylation level after cerebral I/R. Apelin-13, with the co-administration of saline, reduced apoptosis cells, down-regulated @entity3 and cleaved-caspase3 and up-regulated @entity2 . However, with the co-administration of compound C, apelin-13 was inefficient in affecting apoptosis and @entity3 , @entity2 and cleaved-caspase3. The study provided the evidence that apelin-13 up-regulated AMPKa phosphorylation level in @entity4 insults and AMPK signals participated in the mechanism of apelin-mediated neuroprotection.

title: Apelin-13 protects against apoptosis by activating @entity5 -activated protein kinase pathway in XXXX stroke.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Apelin has been proved to be protective against apoptosis induced by ischemic reperfusion. However, mechanisms whereby apelin produces neuroprotection remain to be elucidated. @entity5 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master energy sensor that monitors levels of key energy metabolites. It is activated via AMPKaThr172 phosphorylation during @entity4 and appears to be neuroprotective. In this study, we investigated the effect of apelin on AMPKa and tested whether apelin protecting against apoptosis was associated with AMPK signals. Focal transient @entity4 /reperfusion (I/R) model in male ICR @entity0 was induced by 60min of @entity1 followed by reperfusion. Apelin-13 was injected intracerebroventricularly 15min before reperfusion. AMPK inhibitor, compound C, was injected to @entity0 intraperitoneally at the onset of @entity1 . In experiment 1, the effect of apelin-13 on AMPKa was measured. In experiment 2, the relevance of AMPKa and apelin-13' effect on apoptosis was measured. Data showed that apelin-13 significantly increased AMPKa phosphorylation level after cerebral I/R. Apelin-13, with the co-administration of saline, reduced apoptosis cells, down-regulated @entity3 and cleaved-caspase3 and up-regulated @entity2 . However, with the co-administration of compound C, apelin-13 was inefficient in affecting apoptosis and @entity3 , @entity2 and cleaved-caspase3. The study provided the evidence that apelin-13 up-regulated AMPKa phosphorylation level in @entity4 insults and AMPK signals participated in the mechanism of apelin-mediated neuroprotection.

title: Apelin-13 protects against apoptosis by activating XXXX -activated protein kinase pathway in @entity1 stroke.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Estimate the association between smoking and emergency care in the past 12 months among @entity2 adults in a nationally representative sample. METHODS: Using the 2011 Asthma Call-Back Survey, the association between smoking status and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and urgent visits among @entity2 adults (n   =   12   339) was assessed through multivariable logistic regression by a cross-sectional study design. Analyses used survey weights for US population-based estimates. Attributable and population attributable risk were calculated to describe the potential benefits of smoking cessation. RESULTS: Adjusting for potential confounders, during the past 12 months former smokers had 1.30 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.74) times the odds and current smokers had 1.46 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.03) times the odds of visiting the @entity0 compared to never smokers. Former smokers had 1.28 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.65) times the odds and current smokers had 1.29 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.73) times the odds of urgent visits compared to never smokers. Among adult asthmatics, an estimated 9% of @entity0 visits and 6% of urgent visits can be attributed to current smoking while 7% of @entity0 visits and 7% of urgent visits can be attributed to former smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Current and former smokers are more likely to need emergency care than never smokers. About 10% of emergency care visits among asthmatics can be attributed to smoking assuming smoking is causally related to emergency care. Long-term effective management of @entity1 , particularly the prevention and cessation of smoking, could reduce emergency care use and health care costs.

title: Cigarette smoking and emergency care utilization among XXXX adults in the 2011 Asthma Call-back Survey.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 @entity7 is comorbid with @entity5 , yet, little is known about the causes or risk factors leading to this combined @entity1 . Although genetic predisposition can play a substantial role, our objective was to investigate whether maternal environmental factors alone could be sufficient.We examined the independent and combined effects of maternal stress and @entity9 (used to arrest @entity8 ), @entity7 risk factors in @entity0 , on measures of both @entity7 -like behavior and @entity5 in @entity2 . Pregnant dams were exposed to mild stress (foot shocks at 1 week intervals) throughout pregnancy. Pups were injected with @entity9 on postnatal days 2-5.Either maternal stress or @entity9 resulted in @entity7 -like behaviors in offspring (stereotyped/repetitive behaviors and deficits in social interaction or communication), but neither resulted in @entity5 . However, their combination resulted in severe behavioral symptoms, as well as spontaneous recurrent @entity6 in 45% and @entity5 in 100%, of the @entity2 . @entity3 (GFAP reactivity) was correlated with both @entity4 and spontaneous @entity6 .We conclude that prenatal insults alone can cause comorbid @entity7 and @entity5 but it requires a combination of teratogens to achieve this; testing single teratogens independently and not examining combinatorial effects may fail to reveal key risk factors in @entity0 . Moreover, astrogliosis may be common to both teratogens. This new animal model of combined @entity7 and @entity5 permits the experimental investigation of both the cellular mechanisms and potential intervention strategies for this debilitating comorbid syndrome. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The comorbidity of @entity0 @entity7 and @entity5 has been recognized for decades with little understanding of factors that increase risk. We show that two common @entity0 risk factors for @entity7 (maternal stress and @entity9 ), only when combined, result in severe @entity7 -like behavior and @entity5 . The significance of this work is fourfold: (1) combinations of teratogens are required to assess true risk in @entity0 ; (2) maternal stress and @entity9 , which are frequently combined in pregnant mothers, may be far more of a risk factor than previously appreciated; (3) astrogliosis may be a common mechanism for this syndrome; and (4) this first animal model of environmentally induced @entity7 / @entity5 permits experimental investigation of cellular mechanisms and intervention strategies.

title: Maternal Stress Combined with @entity9 Leads to Comorbid Autistic-Like Behavior and XXXX in a @entity2 Model.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity0 @entity7 is comorbid with @entity5 , yet, little is known about the causes or risk factors leading to this combined @entity1 . Although genetic predisposition can play a substantial role, our objective was to investigate whether maternal environmental factors alone could be sufficient.We examined the independent and combined effects of maternal stress and @entity9 (used to arrest @entity8 ), @entity7 risk factors in @entity0 , on measures of both @entity7 -like behavior and @entity5 in @entity2 . Pregnant dams were exposed to mild stress (foot shocks at 1 week intervals) throughout pregnancy. Pups were injected with @entity9 on postnatal days 2-5.Either maternal stress or @entity9 resulted in @entity7 -like behaviors in offspring (stereotyped/repetitive behaviors and deficits in social interaction or communication), but neither resulted in @entity5 . However, their combination resulted in severe behavioral symptoms, as well as spontaneous recurrent @entity6 in 45% and @entity5 in 100%, of the @entity2 . @entity3 (GFAP reactivity) was correlated with both @entity4 and spontaneous @entity6 .We conclude that prenatal insults alone can cause comorbid @entity7 and @entity5 but it requires a combination of teratogens to achieve this; testing single teratogens independently and not examining combinatorial effects may fail to reveal key risk factors in @entity0 . Moreover, astrogliosis may be common to both teratogens. This new animal model of combined @entity7 and @entity5 permits the experimental investigation of both the cellular mechanisms and potential intervention strategies for this debilitating comorbid syndrome. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The comorbidity of @entity0 @entity7 and @entity5 has been recognized for decades with little understanding of factors that increase risk. We show that two common @entity0 risk factors for @entity7 (maternal stress and @entity9 ), only when combined, result in severe @entity7 -like behavior and @entity5 . The significance of this work is fourfold: (1) combinations of teratogens are required to assess true risk in @entity0 ; (2) maternal stress and @entity9 , which are frequently combined in pregnant mothers, may be far more of a risk factor than previously appreciated; (3) astrogliosis may be a common mechanism for this syndrome; and (4) this first animal model of environmentally induced @entity7 / @entity5 permits experimental investigation of cellular mechanisms and intervention strategies.

title: Maternal Stress Combined with XXXX Leads to Comorbid Autistic-Like Behavior and @entity5 in a @entity2 Model.

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity0 @entity7 is comorbid with @entity5 , yet, little is known about the causes or risk factors leading to this combined @entity1 . Although genetic predisposition can play a substantial role, our objective was to investigate whether maternal environmental factors alone could be sufficient.We examined the independent and combined effects of maternal stress and @entity9 (used to arrest @entity8 ), @entity7 risk factors in @entity0 , on measures of both @entity7 -like behavior and @entity5 in @entity2 . Pregnant dams were exposed to mild stress (foot shocks at 1 week intervals) throughout pregnancy. Pups were injected with @entity9 on postnatal days 2-5.Either maternal stress or @entity9 resulted in @entity7 -like behaviors in offspring (stereotyped/repetitive behaviors and deficits in social interaction or communication), but neither resulted in @entity5 . However, their combination resulted in severe behavioral symptoms, as well as spontaneous recurrent @entity6 in 45% and @entity5 in 100%, of the @entity2 . @entity3 (GFAP reactivity) was correlated with both @entity4 and spontaneous @entity6 .We conclude that prenatal insults alone can cause comorbid @entity7 and @entity5 but it requires a combination of teratogens to achieve this; testing single teratogens independently and not examining combinatorial effects may fail to reveal key risk factors in @entity0 . Moreover, astrogliosis may be common to both teratogens. This new animal model of combined @entity7 and @entity5 permits the experimental investigation of both the cellular mechanisms and potential intervention strategies for this debilitating comorbid syndrome. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The comorbidity of @entity0 @entity7 and @entity5 has been recognized for decades with little understanding of factors that increase risk. We show that two common @entity0 risk factors for @entity7 (maternal stress and @entity9 ), only when combined, result in severe @entity7 -like behavior and @entity5 . The significance of this work is fourfold: (1) combinations of teratogens are required to assess true risk in @entity0 ; (2) maternal stress and @entity9 , which are frequently combined in pregnant mothers, may be far more of a risk factor than previously appreciated; (3) astrogliosis may be a common mechanism for this syndrome; and (4) this first animal model of environmentally induced @entity7 / @entity5 permits experimental investigation of cellular mechanisms and intervention strategies.

title: Maternal Stress Combined with @entity9 Leads to Comorbid Autistic-Like Behavior and @entity5 in a XXXX Model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) disease is an incurable, devastating @entity9 characterized by @entity7 , progressive @entity1 and @entity3 . Current treatments are very limited and the research of new therapeutic targets is thus mandatory. We recently showed that the stimulation of @entity8 A2A receptors (A2ARs) rescues the abnormal phenotype of fibroblasts from @entity15 @entity0 suggesting that @entity14 agonists could represent a therapeutic option for this disease. However, since all @entity15 @entity0 develop severe @entity1 which can be ascribed to the complex pathology occurring in both neurons and oligodendrocytes, in the present paper we tested the effects of the @entity14 agonist @entity13 in @entity0 neuronal and oligodendroglial @entity15 cell lines (i.e. @entity6 SH-SY5Y and oligodendroglial MO3.13 transiently transfected with @entity15 small interfering RNA). The down-regulation of the @entity15 protein effectively resulted in intracellular @entity2 accumulation and altered mitochondrial membrane potential. Both effects were significantly attenuated by @entity13 (500  nM). The protective effects of CGS were prevented by the selective @entity14 antagonist @entity16 (500  nM). The involvement of @entity5 modulation was demonstrated by the ability of @entity10 (5-7   M) in reverting the effect of CGS. The A2A-dependent activity was prevented by the PKA-inhibitor @entity12 , thus showing the involvement of the @entity4 /PKA signaling. These findings provide a clear in  vitro proof of concept that @entity14 agonists are promising potential drugs for @entity11 .

title: Stimulation of @entity8 A2A receptors reduces intracellular @entity2 accumulation and rescues mitochondrial abnormalities in XXXX neural cell models of Niemann-Pick C1.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) disease is an incurable, devastating @entity9 characterized by @entity7 , progressive @entity1 and @entity3 . Current treatments are very limited and the research of new therapeutic targets is thus mandatory. We recently showed that the stimulation of @entity8 A2A receptors (A2ARs) rescues the abnormal phenotype of fibroblasts from @entity15 @entity0 suggesting that @entity14 agonists could represent a therapeutic option for this disease. However, since all @entity15 @entity0 develop severe @entity1 which can be ascribed to the complex pathology occurring in both neurons and oligodendrocytes, in the present paper we tested the effects of the @entity14 agonist @entity13 in @entity0 neuronal and oligodendroglial @entity15 cell lines (i.e. @entity6 SH-SY5Y and oligodendroglial MO3.13 transiently transfected with @entity15 small interfering RNA). The down-regulation of the @entity15 protein effectively resulted in intracellular @entity2 accumulation and altered mitochondrial membrane potential. Both effects were significantly attenuated by @entity13 (500  nM). The protective effects of CGS were prevented by the selective @entity14 antagonist @entity16 (500  nM). The involvement of @entity5 modulation was demonstrated by the ability of @entity10 (5-7   M) in reverting the effect of CGS. The A2A-dependent activity was prevented by the PKA-inhibitor @entity12 , thus showing the involvement of the @entity4 /PKA signaling. These findings provide a clear in  vitro proof of concept that @entity14 agonists are promising potential drugs for @entity11 .

title: Stimulation of @entity8 A2A receptors reduces intracellular XXXX accumulation and rescues mitochondrial abnormalities in @entity0 neural cell models of Niemann-Pick C1.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) disease is an incurable, devastating @entity9 characterized by @entity7 , progressive @entity1 and @entity3 . Current treatments are very limited and the research of new therapeutic targets is thus mandatory. We recently showed that the stimulation of @entity8 A2A receptors (A2ARs) rescues the abnormal phenotype of fibroblasts from @entity15 @entity0 suggesting that @entity14 agonists could represent a therapeutic option for this disease. However, since all @entity15 @entity0 develop severe @entity1 which can be ascribed to the complex pathology occurring in both neurons and oligodendrocytes, in the present paper we tested the effects of the @entity14 agonist @entity13 in @entity0 neuronal and oligodendroglial @entity15 cell lines (i.e. @entity6 SH-SY5Y and oligodendroglial MO3.13 transiently transfected with @entity15 small interfering RNA). The down-regulation of the @entity15 protein effectively resulted in intracellular @entity2 accumulation and altered mitochondrial membrane potential. Both effects were significantly attenuated by @entity13 (500  nM). The protective effects of CGS were prevented by the selective @entity14 antagonist @entity16 (500  nM). The involvement of @entity5 modulation was demonstrated by the ability of @entity10 (5-7   M) in reverting the effect of CGS. The A2A-dependent activity was prevented by the PKA-inhibitor @entity12 , thus showing the involvement of the @entity4 /PKA signaling. These findings provide a clear in  vitro proof of concept that @entity14 agonists are promising potential drugs for @entity11 .

title: Stimulation of XXXX A2A receptors reduces intracellular @entity2 accumulation and rescues mitochondrial abnormalities in @entity0 neural cell models of Niemann-Pick C1.

answer: @entity8


abstract: We have characterized the antiproliferative effects of the @entity9 , a group of antipsychotic drugs possessing a wide range of pharmacological actions. The @entity9 inhibited both the proliferation and clonogenicity of L1210 leukemic lymphocytes. This effect was dependent on both time of exposure and concentration of drug. Clonogenicity of cells in the logarithmic phase of growth was inhibited by greater than 99% at a concentration of drug that had no effect on cells in the plateau phase of growth. @entity0 and @entity1 cell lines, grown either in suspension or in monolayers, were equally susceptible. @entity10 ( @entity10 ), purified from L1210 cells by preparative @entity5 gel electrophoresis, had sensitivity to inhibition by @entity9 similar to that reported for @entity10 prepared from brain. The order of potency was @entity7 greater than or equal to @entity3 greater than @entity4 greater than @entity4 - @entity8 . As a class, these drugs were less potent antagonists of @entity10 than was the @entity6 venom polypeptide, @entity11 . The antiproliferative effects of @entity9 were similar to the anticalmodulin effects. Thus, the same order of potencies was seen for both effects; the shapes of the dose-response curves were similarly steep and the effects of excess @entity2 on the inhibition of both were identical. These studies add pharmacological support for @entity10 being a potential intracellular target for the antiproliferative effect of the @entity9 .

title: Characteristics of the cytotoxic effects of the phenothiazine class of XXXX antagonists.

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare survival in @entity0 with stage IIIA (N2) @entity3 ( @entity3 ) treated with definitive chemoradiation (CRT) or surgery plus neoadjuvant chemoradiation or chemotherapy (CRTS). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 242 @entity0 with stage IIIA (N2) @entity3 treated with curative intent between 1997 and 2007, identified 215 @entity0 with surgically resectable disease. Overall survival outcomes were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier plots, log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for age, gender, histology, smoking history and performance status. Recurrences were compared using competing risks methods, including the proportional subdistribution hazards regression model. RESULTS: CRTS was used to treat 104 @entity0 and CRT in 111. Comparing CRTS with CRT @entity0 , median age was 60 vs 62, 50 (48%) vs 69 (62%) were male and 65 (62.5%) vs 60 (54%) had @entity2 . Of CRTS @entity0 , 83 (80%) had a lobectomy. CRTS @entity0 compared with CRT @entity0 had decreased risk of recurrence at any site [hazard ratio (HR) = 0. 46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.32-0.64 P < 0.0001], local recurrence (HR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.87, P = 0.013), loco--regional recurrence (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.33-0.78, P = 0.002) and @entity1 (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.33-0.62, P < 0.0001) with a median survival of 4.2 years vs 1.7 years). Risk of distant recurrence was also reduced in the surgical group (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.38-0.87, P = 0.017). Treatment-related mortality was low in both cohorts. CONCLUSION: For @entity0 with surgically resectable stage IIIA (N2) @entity3 , neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery reduces loco-regional and distant recurrence and improves survival. Treatment-related mortality was not significantly increased compared with the @entity0 treated with CRT alone.

title: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery improves survival outcomes compared with definitive chemoradiation in the treatment of stage IIIA N2 XXXX

answer: @entity3


abstract: Three cases of @entity5 due to dematiaceous fungi are reported. The first case, a @entity8 complicating prosthetic valve @entity4 responded only to the association of @entity10 and @entity11 . The second @entity0 had @entity6 due to Phialophora parasitica resistant to medical and surgical treatment after renal transplantation. These two cases are the first and the second known reports of clinical infection with these fungi. The third @entity0 had @entity5 complicating a @entity1 by a thorn prick. This was cured by surgical excision and 3 months' medical treatment. These cases of @entity2 followed subcutaneous @entity7 . Deep tissue infections with dematiaceous fungi with osteoarthritic involvement are very rare (6 cases of Drechslera and 8 cases of Phialophora have been reported). These fungi are opportunist saprophytes of plants in subtropical regions. They are characterised on culture by their @entity9 and microscopy shows septated filaments. Cutaneous effraction is the usual portal of entry in @entity0 ; @entity0 commonly have @entity3 of their immune systems. @entity5 is generally due to local extension of a @entity7 . The functional sequellae can be very serious. Treatment comprises surgical excision of the infected tissues with antifungal drugs which may have to be given in association.

title: [ XXXX caused by dematiaceous fungi. Apropos of 3 cases].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Twenty-seven histologically confirmed cases of localised @entity4 were treated by two different regimes. Radiotherapy alone was used in 13 cases and a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 14. Single agent chemotherapy ( @entity3 ) was given sequentially in nine @entity0 and @entity3 and @entity5 in five. There is a significant difference in the response to these different regimes. Only 69.2% of @entity0 treated by radiotherapy alone were disease-free, for a median period of 10.4 months and @entity1 were noticed in 53.8% of cases. The disease-free survival in @entity0 treated by combination therapy (radiotherapy and chemotherapy) was 18.4 months and @entity1 were seen in only 42.9%. However, no @entity1 were seen in @entity0 who received @entity3 and @entity5 , during a period of 14 months and only one @entity0 showed @entity2 . It is concluded that the addition of @entity3 alone is not adequate in the management of @entity4 . @entity5 in addition to @entity3 has improved the disease-free survival period significantly. The optimum dose of radiotherapy and its combination with other chemotherapeutic agents needs further trials to find the best and most suitable schedule.

title: XXXX : A combined approach in the management.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 32-year-old @entity0 was diagnosed @entity5 positive with disseminated @entity2 in May 2006. Her initial @entity4 was 7 cells/  L and she had a right supraclavicular nodal mass, which was biopsied and shown to be consistent with cryptococcal @entity6 . She was treated for disseminated @entity2 and was started on antiretroviral medications subsequently. Two years later, she developed a left supraclavicular mass. Her @entity4 count was 320 cells/  L and @entity5 RNA level was undetectable. Investigations and biopsy results were consistent with a late presentation of cryptococcal immune reconstitution @entity1 (IRIS). She was treated with oral @entity3 and her symptoms resolved completely. IRIS is a recognised complication of @entity5 treatment and occurs in a significant percentage of @entity0 within the first 3   months of starting antiretroviral therapy. This case report illustrates the importance of recognising late presentations of IRIS. It is vital to differentiate true cryptococcal @entity6 from IRIS-induced cryptococcal @entity6 .

title: Late onset of cryptococcal cervical XXXX following immune reconstitution @entity1 in a @entity0 with AIDS.

answer: @entity6


abstract: A 32-year-old @entity0 was diagnosed @entity5 positive with disseminated @entity2 in May 2006. Her initial @entity4 was 7 cells/  L and she had a right supraclavicular nodal mass, which was biopsied and shown to be consistent with cryptococcal @entity6 . She was treated for disseminated @entity2 and was started on antiretroviral medications subsequently. Two years later, she developed a left supraclavicular mass. Her @entity4 count was 320 cells/  L and @entity5 RNA level was undetectable. Investigations and biopsy results were consistent with a late presentation of cryptococcal immune reconstitution @entity1 (IRIS). She was treated with oral @entity3 and her symptoms resolved completely. IRIS is a recognised complication of @entity5 treatment and occurs in a significant percentage of @entity0 within the first 3   months of starting antiretroviral therapy. This case report illustrates the importance of recognising late presentations of IRIS. It is vital to differentiate true cryptococcal @entity6 from IRIS-induced cryptococcal @entity6 .

title: Late onset of cryptococcal cervical @entity6 following immune reconstitution XXXX in a @entity0 with AIDS.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 32-year-old @entity0 was diagnosed @entity5 positive with disseminated @entity2 in May 2006. Her initial @entity4 was 7 cells/  L and she had a right supraclavicular nodal mass, which was biopsied and shown to be consistent with cryptococcal @entity6 . She was treated for disseminated @entity2 and was started on antiretroviral medications subsequently. Two years later, she developed a left supraclavicular mass. Her @entity4 count was 320 cells/  L and @entity5 RNA level was undetectable. Investigations and biopsy results were consistent with a late presentation of cryptococcal immune reconstitution @entity1 (IRIS). She was treated with oral @entity3 and her symptoms resolved completely. IRIS is a recognised complication of @entity5 treatment and occurs in a significant percentage of @entity0 within the first 3   months of starting antiretroviral therapy. This case report illustrates the importance of recognising late presentations of IRIS. It is vital to differentiate true cryptococcal @entity6 from IRIS-induced cryptococcal @entity6 .

title: Late onset of cryptococcal cervical @entity6 following immune reconstitution @entity1 in a XXXX with AIDS.

answer: @entity0


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity3 is one of the most common conditions encountered by general surgeons. Rising rates of @entity3 repair have been described; however, population-based evidence concerning incidence rates of @entity1 repair and changes with time are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in rates of emergent @entity3 repair within the United States for inguinal, femoral, ventral, and umbilical hernias from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2010. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : A retrospective analysis of adults with @entity1 repair using National Center for Health Statistics data, a nationally representative sample of inpatient hospitalizations in the United States that occurred from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2010. All @entity1 repairs were identified during the study period. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Incidence rates per 100   000 @entity0 -years, age, and sex adjusted to the 2010 US census population estimates were calculated for selected subcategories of @entity1 repairs and time trends were evaluated. RESULTS: An estimated 2.3 million inpatient @entity3 repairs were performed from 2001 to 2010; of which an estimated 567   000 were performed emergently. A general increase in the rate of @entity1 was observed from 16.0 to 19.2 @entity1 repairs per 100   000 @entity0 -years in 2001 and 2010, respectively. In 2010, @entity1 rates were highest among adults 65 years and older, with 71.3 and 42.0 @entity1 repairs per 100   000 @entity0 -years for @entity0 and @entity0 , respectively. As expected, @entity4 rates were higher among @entity0 while emergent inguinal @entity2 rates were higher among @entity0 . Rates of emergent incisional @entity2 repair were high but relatively stable among older @entity0 , with 24.9 and 23.5 per 100   000 @entity0 -years in 2001 and 2010, respectively. However, rates of emergent incisional @entity2 repair among older @entity0 rose significantly, with 7.8 to 32.0 per 100   000 @entity0 -years from 2001 to 2010, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These increasing rates of emergent incisional @entity2 repair are troublesome owing to the significantly increased risk morbidity and mortality associated with @entity1 repair. While this increased mortality risk is multifactorial, it is likely associated with older age and the accompanying serious comorbidities.

title: Trends in XXXX repair in the United States.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: Treatment of @entity3 is a challenge for neurologists. Previously, parent @entity2 was the classic therapy; now the stent-assisted coil embolization has become available in recent years, but the optimal therapy is under debate. The goal of the present study was to compare two endovascular treatment modalities in terms of safety, efficacy and short-term outcomes. Methods: All the @entity0 were divided into two groups: Group A: @entity0 who underwent parent @entity2 , and Group B: @entity0 who underwent stent-assisted coil embolization. Follow-up outcomes were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: After 12 months of follow-up, the favorable outcome (mRS: 0-2) had no statistical significance in both groups (p = 1.00). @entity0 in group A had greater @entity1 compared with @entity0 in group B, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.421). In group B, @entity0 had a higher rate of partial occlusion (p = 0.255) and recurrence (10% vs. 0%; p = 0.586). Conclusions: Stent-assisted coiling may not be superior to parent @entity2 in selected @entity0 after short-term follow-up. Parent @entity2 is a simple, safe and effective treatment for large/giant internal carotid @entity3 .

title: Treatment of XXXX : parent @entity2 or stent-assisted coiling.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: Treatment of @entity3 is a challenge for neurologists. Previously, parent @entity2 was the classic therapy; now the stent-assisted coil embolization has become available in recent years, but the optimal therapy is under debate. The goal of the present study was to compare two endovascular treatment modalities in terms of safety, efficacy and short-term outcomes. Methods: All the @entity0 were divided into two groups: Group A: @entity0 who underwent parent @entity2 , and Group B: @entity0 who underwent stent-assisted coil embolization. Follow-up outcomes were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: After 12 months of follow-up, the favorable outcome (mRS: 0-2) had no statistical significance in both groups (p = 1.00). @entity0 in group A had greater @entity1 compared with @entity0 in group B, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.421). In group B, @entity0 had a higher rate of partial occlusion (p = 0.255) and recurrence (10% vs. 0%; p = 0.586). Conclusions: Stent-assisted coiling may not be superior to parent @entity2 in selected @entity0 after short-term follow-up. Parent @entity2 is a simple, safe and effective treatment for large/giant internal carotid @entity3 .

title: Treatment of @entity3 : parent XXXX or stent-assisted coiling.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We examined the feasibility of using a standby @entity2 and established thresholds for internal defibrillation. The implantable defibrillator senses @entity5 and delivers an electrical impulse for defibrillation. Two lead systems for the device have been investigated. System I consists of two 12-cm2 @entity3 -covered @entity1 mesh patches attached to the atrial and diaphragmatic pericardial surfaces. System II has an identical diaphragmatic patch and a @entity1 spring catheter, with a 12-cm2 surface area of conductivity, placed transvenously in the right atrium. Both systems were implanted by thoracotomy in 12 @entity0 (mean weight 20 kg) and by a subxiphoid approach in 10 @entity4 (mean weight 20 kg). The defibrillation threshold (lowest energy required for 80% success) was determined periodically for 54 weeks in the @entity0 (615 trials) and at 6 weeks for the @entity4 (100 trials). In @entity0 , the mean defibrillation threshold with system I leads at 4 weeks was 10.5 J and did not change significantly over a 54-week period (p greater than 0.05). Similar results were obtained in the @entity4 at 4 weeks. The defibrillation thresholds for both lead systems in @entity0 and @entity4 using a transpleural thoracotomy or a subxiphoid approach are satisfactory for an implantable defibrillator that produces 20-35 J.

title: Lead systems for internal XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Cardiac valve xenografts often fail relatively early in @entity0 . We analyzed the incidence of @entity2 and @entity5 in 253 consecutive adult survivors who received 294 porcine xenograft valves (150 aortic, 125 mitral and 19 tricuspid) from June 1974 to December 1979 (41% of all adult valve replacements). Mean follow-up was 25.6 months (range 9-75 months). @entity2 occurred in four of 294 xenografts (three in mitral position and one in tricuspid position), all four caused by recurrent @entity3 ; these four @entity0 survived reoperation and are doing well. @entity5 occurred in six of 294 xenografts, none in aortic or tricuspid positions of rhythm or anticoagulation. Four of the six mitral xenografts associated with @entity5 were in the 16 @entity0 who had @entity4 and received @entity1 and dipyridamole but no @entity6 (12% per @entity0 -year), and two were in the 14 @entity0 who were in sinus rhythm and were not taking medication, one of whom had recurrent @entity3 . No @entity5 occurred in mitral xenografts with sinus rhythm and antiplatelet agents. @entity5 did not occur in @entity0 who were in @entity4 and receiving @entity6 anticoagulation. Late death (30 of 253) was unrelated to @entity2 , and only one death resulted from @entity5 . This study showed excellent xenograft performance for as long as 75 months. @entity2 occurred only with recurrent @entity3 , and @entity5 occurred after mitral replacement, especially in @entity0 who were in @entity4 and were not receiving anticoagulants.

title: Dysfunction and XXXX associated with cardiac valve xenografts in adults.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 often goes undiagnosed until late stage disease due in part to suboptimal early detection. Our goal was to develop a @entity5 tagged liposome containing fluorescent dye as an improved contrast agent for detection of @entity2 in vivo using multispectral optoacoustic tomography. RESULTS: The diagnostic capabilities and specificity to @entity2 of @entity5 targeted liposomes were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Immunocytochemistry showed that liposomes preferentially bound to and released their contents into cells expressing high levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. We determined that the contents of the liposome were released into the cell as noted by the change in @entity3 fluorescence from green to red based upon nucleic acid binding. In an orthotopic @entity1 model, the liposomes preferentially targeted the @entity2 with little off-target binding in the liver and spleen. Peak accumulation of the liposomes in the @entity0 occurred at 8  h post-injection. Multispectral optoacoustic tomographic imaging was able to provide high-resolution 3D images of the @entity0 and liposome location. Ex vivo analysis showed that non-targeted liposomes accumulated in the liver, suggesting that specificity of the liposomes for @entity2 was due to the presence of the @entity5 ligand. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that @entity5 liposomes were able to release cargo into @entity4 expressing @entity0 cells. The @entity5 liposomes demonstrated @entity0 specificity in orthotopic pancreatic @entity0 as observed using multispectral optoacoustic tomography with reduced kidney and liver uptake. By targeting the liposome with @entity5 , this nanovehicle has potential as a targeted theranostic nanoparticle for both drug and contrast agent delivery to @entity2 .

title: Tumor specific liposomes improve detection of XXXX in vivo using optoacoustic tomography.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 Lanka was the first country in the Southeast Asian region to achieve its measles elimination goal in 2011. In 2012, the measles immunization schedule changed from a measles vaccine at 9  months to a measles, mumps and @entity6 vaccine at 12  months. However in 2013, @entity8 Lanka reported its worst recent outbreak of measles. This study investigated a part of this outbreak in order to describe its epidemiology. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out at the university medical unit of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ), the third largest hospital in @entity8 Lanka, from October 2013 until March 2014. An epidemiological profile of @entity0 was constructed, case confirmation was done on all suspected cases and the basic demographic details of these suspected cases were obtained from the available records. RESULTS: From January 2013 to March 2014, 101 measles suspects were admitted to the @entity3 . Until June 2013, all suspected cases were aged below 12  months of age. During the study period (15  months), the total number of @entity0 aged below 9  months, 9 to 12  months, 1 to 11  years, 12-29  years and over 29  years were 10 (9.9  %), 11 (10.9  %), 6 (5.9  %), 37 (36.6  %) and 36 (35.6  %), respectively (data missing-1). Out of the 33 @entity0 clinically suspected, 32 tested positive for measles. Common clinical features included: fever (n   =   33, 100  %), maculopapular @entity4 (n   =   33), @entity5 (n   =   31), posterior cervical @entity7 (n   =   23) and Koplik's spots (n   =   8). Features suggestive of @entity1 were observed among 30 (90.9  %) @entity0 and 26 (78.8  %) had @entity2 . Two @entity0 (6.1  %) who developed severe @entity1 received care at an intensive care unit due to respiratory difficulties. Out of 33 @entity0 , 15 (45.5  %) had prior immunization for measles, two (6.1  %) reported that they never had a measles immunization and 16 (48.5  %) were unsure about their immunization status. Out of those who reported they were previously immunized, 11 (73.3  %) belonged to the age group of 12-29  years. CONCLUSION: Because the first cases of this outbreak were @entity0 , an increase in susceptible @entity0 due to the change in the vaccine schedule could partly explain the outbreak.

title: The 2013 measles outbreak in XXXX Lanka: experience from a rural district and implications for measles elimination goals.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio like @entity3 can be used as markers of acute exacerbation in @entity2 . METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, @entity1 , between December 2012 and April 2013, and comprised @entity0 with stable and acute @entity2 . All @entity0 were male and aged >40 years. @entity0 were included prospectively from outpatient and emergency units according to recent Initiative for @entity2 2013 criteria. @entity3 , neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio of each group were measured and compared. RESULTS: Of the 94 @entity0 , 48(51%) had stable disease with a mean age of 66.65  10.17 years (range: 49-79 years), and 46(49%) had acute exacerbation with a mean age of 62.67  9.41 years (range: 48-92 years). Mean levels of @entity3 , neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio were 5.04  6.65, 2.75  1.11 and 137.39  65.42 for stable disease, and 57.68  58.49, 7.99  5.72 and 231.18  141.36 for those with acute exacerbation (p=0.001). Cut-off values were neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio =3.3, platelet-lymphocyte ratio =150, and @entity3 =5 mg/dl. Positive predictive values for @entity3 , neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio were determined as 82% (odds ratio: 27.4); 85% (odds ratio: 32.5); and 73% (odds ratio: 6.3) . Receiver-operating characteristic curve showed a significantly more area under curve of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (0.88) compared to platelet-lymphocyte ratio (0.74) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: During acute exacerbations of @entity2 , neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio may be used as an easily measurable, available and cost-effective parameter with high prognostic accuracy in clinical practice.

title: The role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in exacerbation of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Peptide neurotoxins are powerful tools for research, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. Limiting broader use, most receptors lack an identified toxin that binds with high affinity and specificity. This paper describes isolation of toxins for one such orphan target, KcsA, a @entity0 channel that has been fundamental to delineating the structural basis for ion channel function. A phage-display strategy is presented whereby    1.5 million novel and natural peptides are fabricated on the scaffold present in ShK, a sea anemone type I (SAK1) toxin stabilized by three @entity2 bonds. We describe two toxins selected by sorting on purified KcsA, one novel (Hui1, 34 residues) and one natural (HmK, 35 residues). Hui1 is potent, blocking single KcsA channels in planar lipid bilayers half-maximally (Ki) at 1 nM. Hui1 is also specific, inhibiting KcsA-Shaker channels in @entity1 oocytes with a Ki of 0.5 nM whereas Shaker, @entity3 , and @entity4 channels are blocked over 200-fold less well. HmK is potent but promiscuous, blocking KcsA-Shaker, Shaker, @entity3 , and @entity4 channels with Ki of 1-4 nM. As anticipated, one Hui1 blocks the KcsA pore and two conserved toxin residues, Lys21 and Tyr22, are essential for high-affinity binding. Unexpectedly, @entity0 ions traversing the channel from the inside confer voltage sensitivity to the Hui1 off-rate via Arg23, indicating that Lys21 is not in the pore. The 3D structure of Hui1 reveals a SAK1 fold, rationalizes KcsA inhibition, and validates the scaffold-based approach for isolation of high-affinity toxins for orphan receptors.

title: Designer and natural peptide toxin blockers of the KcsA XXXX channel identified by phage display.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic value (sensitivity, specificity) of positron emission mammography (PEM) in a single site non-interventional study using the maximum PEM uptake value (PUVmax). @entity1 , METHODS: In a singlesite, non-interventional study, 108 @entity1 (107 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ) with a total of 151 suspected lesions were scanned with a PEM Flex Solo II (Naviscan) at 90 min p.i. with 3.5 MBq 18F-FDG per kg of body weight. In this ROI(region of interest)-based analysis, maximum PEM uptake value (PUV) was determined in lesions, @entity2 (PUVmaxtumour), benign lesions (PUVmaxnormal breast) and also in healthy tissues on the contralateral side (PUVmaxcontralateral breast). These values were compared and contrasted. In addition, the ratios of PUVmaxtumour   /   PUVmaxcontralateral breast and PUVmaxnormal breast   /   PUVmaxcontralateral breast were compared. The image data were interpreted independently by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians and compared with histology in cases of suspected @entity3 . RESULTS: Based on a criteria of PUV>1.9, 31 out of 151 lesions in the @entity1 cohort were found to be malignant (21%). A mean PUVmaxtumour of 3.78    2.47 was identified in @entity2 , while a mean PUVmaxnormal breast of 1.17    0.37 was reported in the glandular tissue of the healthy breast, with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean ratio between @entity2 and healthy glandular tissue in @entity0 @entity1 (3.15    1.58) was found to be significantly higher than the ratio for benign lesions (1.17    0.41, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: PEM is capable of differentiating @entity0 from benign lesions with 100% sensitivity along with a high specificity of 96%, when a threshold of PUVmax >1.9 is applied.

title: Positron emission mammography in the diagnosis of XXXX . Is maximum PEM uptake value a valuable threshold for malignant @entity0 detection?

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic value (sensitivity, specificity) of positron emission mammography (PEM) in a single site non-interventional study using the maximum PEM uptake value (PUVmax). @entity1 , METHODS: In a singlesite, non-interventional study, 108 @entity1 (107 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ) with a total of 151 suspected lesions were scanned with a PEM Flex Solo II (Naviscan) at 90 min p.i. with 3.5 MBq 18F-FDG per kg of body weight. In this ROI(region of interest)-based analysis, maximum PEM uptake value (PUV) was determined in lesions, @entity2 (PUVmaxtumour), benign lesions (PUVmaxnormal breast) and also in healthy tissues on the contralateral side (PUVmaxcontralateral breast). These values were compared and contrasted. In addition, the ratios of PUVmaxtumour   /   PUVmaxcontralateral breast and PUVmaxnormal breast   /   PUVmaxcontralateral breast were compared. The image data were interpreted independently by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians and compared with histology in cases of suspected @entity3 . RESULTS: Based on a criteria of PUV>1.9, 31 out of 151 lesions in the @entity1 cohort were found to be malignant (21%). A mean PUVmaxtumour of 3.78    2.47 was identified in @entity2 , while a mean PUVmaxnormal breast of 1.17    0.37 was reported in the glandular tissue of the healthy breast, with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean ratio between @entity2 and healthy glandular tissue in @entity0 @entity1 (3.15    1.58) was found to be significantly higher than the ratio for benign lesions (1.17    0.41, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: PEM is capable of differentiating @entity0 from benign lesions with 100% sensitivity along with a high specificity of 96%, when a threshold of PUVmax >1.9 is applied.

title: Positron emission mammography in the diagnosis of @entity0 . Is maximum PEM uptake value a valuable threshold for malignant XXXX detection?

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Slow transit @entity6 (STC) and functional fecal retention (FFR) are two forms of severe intractable @entity6 in childhood diagnosed by nuclear transit studies (NTS). This retrospective study aims to identify the predicting factors for STC and FFR by looking at the association with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity1 , family history of @entity6 and @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on @entity0 with intractable @entity6 referred for NTS between 1st April 2003 and 1st April 2014. Comparisons were made between STC, FFR and normal transit @entity0 with regards to @entity3 , @entity1 (BMI z score  >95th percentile), family history of @entity6 in first and second-degree relatives and @entity2 which included @entity8 , @entity5 and @entity4 . RESULTS: Between 2003 and 2014, 97 @entity0 were referred for a NTS. Out of 36 @entity0 with @entity3 , 21 (58.3  %) had STC and 13 (36.1  %) had FFR (p  <  0.05). 15.8  % of @entity0 with @entity6 were @entity1 , compared to 6.4  % in the general Australian paediatric population (p  <  0.05). There was no significant association between @entity6 and @entity2 or family history. CONCLUSION: @entity3 , in particular @entity7 , are useful predictors of STC and FFR in @entity0 . @entity1 may be associated with a higher risk of developing chronic @entity6 .

title: Predictors of slow colonic transit in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: More and more teenagers indulge in sports at school or in recreational settings. Some of these sports are considered to be purveyors of accidents and should be practiced by putting in place safety rules and regulations. This report is unusual case of a school @entity0 of age 13 who suffered from @entity5 due to accidental fall of a mass of 3kg during an athletics meeting. PRESENTATION OF CASE: He was a 13-year-old @entity0 who accidentally received on his head a throwing mass of 3kg thrown by a young athlete at a school athletics meeting. He became unconsciousness for a moment. The radio clinical evaluation showed a parietal @entity2 without mass effect on the brain parenchyma to the CT scan. @entity2 was surgically removed in quite favorable manner. DISCUSSION: Karting is known as a particular sporting accident that causes @entity3 affecting mostly @entity0 . Other sports such as boxing and skiing are also known to cause @entity1 but wearing helmets has significantly reduced these @entity4 . Throwing sports can also lead to accidents in the absence of strict security as demonstrated by this case. It was a skull @entity2 that was operated upon because it entailed a risk leading to a compressive callus. CONCLUSION: This accident could have been avoided if basic safety precautions were put in place.

title: XXXX by a mass of 3kg in shot putt an adolescent of 13 years. A rare @entity4 . A rare fracture of the skull-deflection shot putt.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: More and more teenagers indulge in sports at school or in recreational settings. Some of these sports are considered to be purveyors of accidents and should be practiced by putting in place safety rules and regulations. This report is unusual case of a school @entity0 of age 13 who suffered from @entity5 due to accidental fall of a mass of 3kg during an athletics meeting. PRESENTATION OF CASE: He was a 13-year-old @entity0 who accidentally received on his head a throwing mass of 3kg thrown by a young athlete at a school athletics meeting. He became unconsciousness for a moment. The radio clinical evaluation showed a parietal @entity2 without mass effect on the brain parenchyma to the CT scan. @entity2 was surgically removed in quite favorable manner. DISCUSSION: Karting is known as a particular sporting accident that causes @entity3 affecting mostly @entity0 . Other sports such as boxing and skiing are also known to cause @entity1 but wearing helmets has significantly reduced these @entity4 . Throwing sports can also lead to accidents in the absence of strict security as demonstrated by this case. It was a skull @entity2 that was operated upon because it entailed a risk leading to a compressive callus. CONCLUSION: This accident could have been avoided if basic safety precautions were put in place.

title: @entity5 by a mass of 3kg in shot putt an adolescent of 13 years. A rare XXXX . A rare fracture of the skull-deflection shot putt.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A segment of the distal oesophagus lined with columnar epithelium (endobrachy oesophagus, @entity3 ), is very frequently seen in association with chronic reflux conditions. Usually, this entity is an asymmetrical columnar-cell metaplasia of varying extent, with an unsharp epithelial junction line cranial, and showing various large residual islands of squamous epithelium. In addition, usually well-developed @entity1 are also found. More rarely seen are cases with a longer, symmetrical, cranially sharply delimited columnar-epithelial-lined segment, in which @entity1 and strictures are usually either restricted to the proximal section, or are lacking altogether. Among more than 100 @entity0 presenting with endobrachy-oesophagus, 14 cases had the latter form of the condition. Seven had a solitary, high peptic stricture, and only 50% unequivocal @entity4 . In four @entity0 there were no inflammatory changes at all. In 8 @entity0 , fundic glands were observed. Of particular interest was the segment-like arrangement of cardiac and fundic glands in 2 of the @entity0 . In only a single case were @entity5 formations seen in the columnar-lined segment. Considered from the point of view of our embryological knowledge, certain forms of endobrachy-oesophagus would appear to represent a @entity2 .

title: Columnar-lined oesophagus ( XXXX ) - congenital or acquired?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cartilage tissue engineering offers new strategies in repairing damaged cartilage. Scaffolds have been used for the in vitro and in vivo procedures for this application, which demonstrates the compatible biological and physical properties that mimic natural tissues. Several types of scaffolds were used and had different effects on cell functions. The study was designed to develop a functional gelatin scaffold by adsorption of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in a commercially available gelatin scaffold. RESULTS: The biological properties of @entity0 articular chondrocytes were investigated during a 21-day cultivation embedded in either @entity5   +   @entity2 adsorbed scaffolds or the conventional supplemented method. The rising of proliferation of chondrocytes embedded in adsorbed scaffolds was observed at day 17 and 21 of cultivation (1.27 and 1.28 fold, respectively). The chondrogenic gene expression of the chondrocytes embedded in @entity5   +   @entity2 adsorbed scaffolds significantly increased: @entity3 (1.65 fold), @entity4 (7.65 fold) and @entity1 (1.83 fold). Remarkably, over the 21  days of cultivation, @entity5   +   @entity2 adsorbed scaffolds promoted the extracellular matrix molecules production with higher accumulation of @entity5 (1.2 fold), collagen (1.42 fold) and @entity6 (1.41 fold). Moreover, the cell population and extracellular matrix production, which were examined by a histological analysis and a scanning electron microscope, were correlated with the biochemical analysis. CONCLUSION: A small amount of @entity5 and @entity2 initially adsorbed in the scaffolds (70   g and 10  ng, respectively) was consumed over the 21-day cultivation. The @entity5   +   @entity2 adsorbed gelatin scaffold is effective and more suitable than the conventional supplemented method for the in vitro assessment of @entity0 chondrocyte 3D culture.

title: Comparison of growth factor adsorbed scaffold and conventional scaffold with growth factor supplemented media for primary XXXX articular chondrocyte 3D culture.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have found @entity1 ( @entity1 )-framed interventions are successful for improving condom use and reducing @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We conducted a secondary analysis of behavioural data from the Safe in the City intervention trial (2003-2005) to investigate the influence of @entity1 constructs on study @entity0 ' self-reported use of condoms at last intercourse. METHODS: The main trial was conducted from 2003 to 2005 at three public US STI clinics. @entity0 (n=38   635) were either shown a 'safer sex' video in the waiting room, or received the standard waiting room experience, based on their visit date. A nested behavioural assessment was administered to a subsample of study @entity0 following their index clinic visit and again at 3   months follow-up. We used multivariable modified Poisson regression models to examine the relationships among @entity1 constructs (sexual self-efficacy, self-control self-efficacy, self-efficacy with most recent partner, hedonistic outcome expectancies and partner expected outcomes) and self-reported condom use at last sex act at the 3-month follow-up study visit. RESULTS: Of 1252 @entity0 included in analysis, 39% reported using a condom at last sex act. Male gender, homosexual orientation and single status were significant correlates of condom use. Both unadjusted and adjusted models indicate that sexual self-efficacy (adjusted relative risk (RRa)=1.50, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.84), self-control self-efficacy (RRa=1.67, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.04), self-efficacy with most recent partner (RRa=2.56, 95% CI 2.01 to 3.27), more favourable hedonistic outcome expectancies (RRa=1.83, 95% CI 1.54 to 2.17) and more favourable partner expected outcomes (RRa=9.74, 95% CI 3.21 to 29.57) were significantly associated with condom use at last sex act. CONCLUSIONS: Social cognitive skills, such as self-efficacy and partner expected outcomes, are an important aspect of condom use behaviour. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT00137370).

title: Relationship between XXXX constructs and self-reported condom use: assessment of behaviour in a subgroup of the Safe in the City trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Cytochalasin B is a mycogenic toxin that preferentially damages malignant cells through multiple mechanisms. The microfilament-disrupting agent inhibits cytokinesis, producing enlarged and multinucleated neoplastic cells without enlarging or producing multinucleated normal cells. In addition, cytochalasin B has been shown to induce apoptosis and to increase the mitochondrial activity of malignant cells. In spite of these pharmacological properties potentially exploitable in @entity2 chemotherapy, no cytochalasin congener or derivative and indeed no microfilament-directed agent has yet been examined in the clinic. Nevertheless, it will likely be necessary to combine microfilament-directed agents with other chemotherapeutic agents, and potentially with other anti-neoplastic modalities to amplify the mechanisms by which microfilament-directed agents inflict damage. These combinations could increase the likelihood of obtaining clinically useful activities with microfilament-directed agents and decrease the often inevitable emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, this study intends to determine appropriate chemotherapeutic agents to use concurrently with cytochalasin B and with other microfilament-directed agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since cytochalasin B has shown in vitro efficacy against anchorage-independent growth, as well as against @entity2 , both U937 @entity1 @entity7 and MCF7 @entity1 @entity0 cells were evaluated. These cell lines were assessed for their sensitivity to a comprehensive array of chemotherapeutic agents that could amplify the cytoskeletal effects of microfilament-directed agents or that could themselves be potentiated by the cellular effects of such agents. In addition, clinically-approved microtubule-directed agents, as well as clinically-active anti-neoplastic agents not specifically cytoskeletal-directed, were examined for their ability to potentiate cell enlargement, one of the hallmark features of microfilament-directed agents. Conditions for inducing @entity5 and multinucleation of neoplastic cells with cytochalasin B were also defined. RESULTS: U937 and MCF7 cells have differing sensitivities to chemotherapeutic agents indicating that different regimens will likely be needed for various cell types in concomitant cytochalasin B-mediated chemotherapy. It was noted that microtubule-directed agents ( @entity6 and @entity8 ) would likely have a synergistic effect with @entity9 as they produced a substantial enlargement in viable cells at their 50% inhibitory (IC50) values. Interestingly, @entity3 and @entity4 also produced considerable cell enlargement, suggesting that nucleic acid-directed agents may be used to further enhance the cell-enlargement and multinucleation effects of microfilament-directed agents if appropriate sequences and concentrations can be found for the combination of agents. A subsequent publication in this series will examine the optimal combinations of chemotherapeutic agents with microfilament-directed agents in regards to drug concentrations and sequential timing. U937 cells exposed to cytochalasin B exhibited substantial cell enlargement and multinucleation that was still prevalent 8 days post-administration depending on the concentration used. CONCLUSION: Taken together, it appears that cytochalasin B has substantial synergistic potential with microtubule- and nucleic acid-directed agents.

title: Enlargement and Multinucleation of U937 XXXX and MCF7 @entity0 Cells by Antineoplastic Agents to Enhance Sensitivity to Low Frequency Ultrasound and to DNA-directed Anticancer Agents.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Cytochalasin B is a mycogenic toxin that preferentially damages malignant cells through multiple mechanisms. The microfilament-disrupting agent inhibits cytokinesis, producing enlarged and multinucleated neoplastic cells without enlarging or producing multinucleated normal cells. In addition, cytochalasin B has been shown to induce apoptosis and to increase the mitochondrial activity of malignant cells. In spite of these pharmacological properties potentially exploitable in @entity2 chemotherapy, no cytochalasin congener or derivative and indeed no microfilament-directed agent has yet been examined in the clinic. Nevertheless, it will likely be necessary to combine microfilament-directed agents with other chemotherapeutic agents, and potentially with other anti-neoplastic modalities to amplify the mechanisms by which microfilament-directed agents inflict damage. These combinations could increase the likelihood of obtaining clinically useful activities with microfilament-directed agents and decrease the often inevitable emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, this study intends to determine appropriate chemotherapeutic agents to use concurrently with cytochalasin B and with other microfilament-directed agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since cytochalasin B has shown in vitro efficacy against anchorage-independent growth, as well as against @entity2 , both U937 @entity1 @entity7 and MCF7 @entity1 @entity0 cells were evaluated. These cell lines were assessed for their sensitivity to a comprehensive array of chemotherapeutic agents that could amplify the cytoskeletal effects of microfilament-directed agents or that could themselves be potentiated by the cellular effects of such agents. In addition, clinically-approved microtubule-directed agents, as well as clinically-active anti-neoplastic agents not specifically cytoskeletal-directed, were examined for their ability to potentiate cell enlargement, one of the hallmark features of microfilament-directed agents. Conditions for inducing @entity5 and multinucleation of neoplastic cells with cytochalasin B were also defined. RESULTS: U937 and MCF7 cells have differing sensitivities to chemotherapeutic agents indicating that different regimens will likely be needed for various cell types in concomitant cytochalasin B-mediated chemotherapy. It was noted that microtubule-directed agents ( @entity6 and @entity8 ) would likely have a synergistic effect with @entity9 as they produced a substantial enlargement in viable cells at their 50% inhibitory (IC50) values. Interestingly, @entity3 and @entity4 also produced considerable cell enlargement, suggesting that nucleic acid-directed agents may be used to further enhance the cell-enlargement and multinucleation effects of microfilament-directed agents if appropriate sequences and concentrations can be found for the combination of agents. A subsequent publication in this series will examine the optimal combinations of chemotherapeutic agents with microfilament-directed agents in regards to drug concentrations and sequential timing. U937 cells exposed to cytochalasin B exhibited substantial cell enlargement and multinucleation that was still prevalent 8 days post-administration depending on the concentration used. CONCLUSION: Taken together, it appears that cytochalasin B has substantial synergistic potential with microtubule- and nucleic acid-directed agents.

title: Enlargement and Multinucleation of U937 @entity7 and MCF7 XXXX Cells by Antineoplastic Agents to Enhance Sensitivity to Low Frequency Ultrasound and to DNA-directed Anticancer Agents.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: Our objective was to clarify if preoperative chemotherapy was associated with improved survival in Japanese @entity0 with Siewert type II @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 86 @entity0 with Siewert type II @entity1 who underwent R0 resection at the Kitasato University between 1997 and 2013. Cox regression analysis using a backward stepwise selection method was performed to identify independent prognostic factors for relapse-free survival (RFS). RESULTS: The median age was 67 years. The male:female ratio was 74:12. Right thoracic, left thoracic and transhiatal approaches were performed in 10, 10 and 66 @entity0 , respectively, and perioperative transfusion in 16 @entity0 . Preoperative chemotherapy was administered to 19 @entity0 ; out of these, 13 received chemotherapy using the DCS regimen ( @entity3 40 mg/m(2), day 1; @entity2 60 mg/m(2), day 1; S-1 80-120 mg/body, days 1-14; every 28 days). A median of three cycles of preoperative DCS chemotherapy were used. Histological responses of 1b, 2, 3 and unknown grades were obtained in three, three, four and three @entity0 , respectively. The 5-year RFS rate was 55%, and the median follow-up period was 36 months. Cox regression analysis regarding RFS identified (y)pN1-3 [hazard ratio (HR)=4.44; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.98-11.27], performance of perioperative transfusion (HR=4.71; 95% CI=1.69-11.88) and no preoperative chemotherapy (HR=3.75; 95% CI=1.22-14.26) as significant and independent indicators of poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: Preoperative chemotherapy using DCS is potentially beneficial for Japanese @entity0 with Siewert type II @entity1 . Further prospective clinical studies are required to confirm our findings.

title: Benefit of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Siewert Type II Esophagogastric Junction XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 is usually elected for @entity3 below the lesser trochanter of the femur. The operation is performed with the @entity0 in a posterolateral position; in the first phase of the procedure the surgeon stands anterior to the @entity0 . After incision of the skin and division of the femoral vessels and nerve, muscles of the anterior thigh are transected off the pelvic bone from lateral to medial starting with the sartorius and finishing with the adductor magnus. Muscles are divided at their origin except for the iliopsoas and obturator externus which are divided at their insertion on the lesser trochanter of the femur. The quadratus femoris muscle is identified and preserved, then the flexor muscles are transected at their site of origin from the ischial tuberosity. During the next phase the surgeon is posterior to the @entity0 , and the pelvis is rotated from the posterolateral to the anterolateral position. After completion of the skin incision, the @entity4 , @entity1 , and the gluteus maximus muscles are divided and dissected free of their posterior attachments to expose the muscles inserting by way of a common tendon onto the greater trochanter. These muscles are then transected at their insertion on the bone. The posterior aspect of the joint capsule is then exposed and transected. Finally, the sciatic nerve is divided and allowed to retract beneath the piriformis muscle. To close the wound the preserved muscles are approximated over the joint capsule and the @entity4 secured to the inguinal ligament over suction drains. The skin is closed with interrupted sutures.

title: A surgical technique for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Ovarian reserve is the main factor influencing the efficacy of @entity2 treatment. Currently the anti- M  llerian hormone is the main indicator of the ovarian reserve and has a wide spectrum of clinical importance. It achieved a high clinical value right after the introduction of the first commercial @entity1 assays in 2005. Lack further research and development of the tests and monopoly on their production have led to a significant reduction of their quality resulting in lowered veracity and usefulness. Therefore, we searched for an alternative to the Beckman Coulter assay. The objective of the study was to draw a comparison between the commonly used second-generation assay by Beckman Coulter and the ultra-sensitive first-generation assay by AnshLabs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum samples (n=520) were collected from female @entity0 undergoing routine @entity1 evaluation before entering an IVF program. We chose samples of @entity0 with the lowest correlation between the @entity1 serum level and response to stimulation. The @entity1 serum levels of the @entity0 were examined using two @entity1 tests, the second-generation assay by Beckman Coulter and the first-generation assay by AnshLabs. Precision and accuracy of both methods were determined and the results of @entity1 serum levels of 130 @entity0 were correlated with the number of: antral follicles (AFC), follicles after stimulation, and the obtained cumulus cells. RESULTS: Both precision and accuracy of the compared methods were highly satisfactory. The coefficients of variation obtained in the study conducted on two different levels of control material were lower than 12% and the load did not exceed 9%. The study proved that both of the methods yielded comparable results. The coefficient of variation between the first-generation and the second-generation @entity1 assays was 0.871. CONCLUSION: Both methods might be applied in the evaluation of the ovarian reserve. The first- and second-generation assays show comparable correlation with the clinical effects of stimulation, however it seems that first-generation assays are a better alternative to the unstable second-generation kits. The results from the first-generation assays are distributed on a wider range, which facilitates clinical interpretation.

title: Comparison of the second-generation Beckman Coulter IVD and first-generation AnshLabs ELISA assays for anti-M  llerian hormone in XXXX undergoing IVF treatment.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 is an important step in orthoplasty. Although its role in correcting mild curvature in distal and midshaft @entity2 has been previously reported, its impact on @entity4 ( @entity4 ) correction in proximal defects warrants further investigation. Therefore, we sought to document the effect of degloving and proximal urethral dissection on @entity4 correction in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 137 @entity0 who underwent @entity3 repair between 1998 and 2006. @entity4 , defined as mild (<30%), moderate (30%-45%), and severe (>45%), was recorded before @entity1 and after erection test. Percent improvement in @entity4 and need for further treatment (beyond degloving and proximal dissection) based on preoperative degree of curvature were assessed. ANOVA test was used to compare improvement among the 3 groups. RESULTS: Mean age at repair was 14 months (range: 6-24). @entity1 associated with proximal urethral dissection when necessary was responsible for the improvement in the degree of curvature in 7 of 9 (77%) @entity0 with mild @entity4 , 23 of 44 (52%) with moderate and 35 of 84 (40%) with severe @entity4 . Additionally, degloving alone was sufficient for @entity4 correction in 7 of 9 (77%) mild cases, 14 of 44 (30%) moderate and only 2 of 84 (2%) severe cases. The difference among these 3 groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 alone can correct @entity4 . The percentage of improvement depends on the preoperative degree of curvature, with severe @entity4 cases showing the least improvement.

title: Impact of XXXX and proximal ventral dissection on curvature correction in @entity0 with @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 is an important step in orthoplasty. Although its role in correcting mild curvature in distal and midshaft @entity2 has been previously reported, its impact on @entity4 ( @entity4 ) correction in proximal defects warrants further investigation. Therefore, we sought to document the effect of degloving and proximal urethral dissection on @entity4 correction in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 137 @entity0 who underwent @entity3 repair between 1998 and 2006. @entity4 , defined as mild (<30%), moderate (30%-45%), and severe (>45%), was recorded before @entity1 and after erection test. Percent improvement in @entity4 and need for further treatment (beyond degloving and proximal dissection) based on preoperative degree of curvature were assessed. ANOVA test was used to compare improvement among the 3 groups. RESULTS: Mean age at repair was 14 months (range: 6-24). @entity1 associated with proximal urethral dissection when necessary was responsible for the improvement in the degree of curvature in 7 of 9 (77%) @entity0 with mild @entity4 , 23 of 44 (52%) with moderate and 35 of 84 (40%) with severe @entity4 . Additionally, degloving alone was sufficient for @entity4 correction in 7 of 9 (77%) mild cases, 14 of 44 (30%) moderate and only 2 of 84 (2%) severe cases. The difference among these 3 groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 alone can correct @entity4 . The percentage of improvement depends on the preoperative degree of curvature, with severe @entity4 cases showing the least improvement.

title: Impact of @entity1 and proximal ventral dissection on curvature correction in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 is an important step in orthoplasty. Although its role in correcting mild curvature in distal and midshaft @entity2 has been previously reported, its impact on @entity4 ( @entity4 ) correction in proximal defects warrants further investigation. Therefore, we sought to document the effect of degloving and proximal urethral dissection on @entity4 correction in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 137 @entity0 who underwent @entity3 repair between 1998 and 2006. @entity4 , defined as mild (<30%), moderate (30%-45%), and severe (>45%), was recorded before @entity1 and after erection test. Percent improvement in @entity4 and need for further treatment (beyond degloving and proximal dissection) based on preoperative degree of curvature were assessed. ANOVA test was used to compare improvement among the 3 groups. RESULTS: Mean age at repair was 14 months (range: 6-24). @entity1 associated with proximal urethral dissection when necessary was responsible for the improvement in the degree of curvature in 7 of 9 (77%) @entity0 with mild @entity4 , 23 of 44 (52%) with moderate and 35 of 84 (40%) with severe @entity4 . Additionally, degloving alone was sufficient for @entity4 correction in 7 of 9 (77%) mild cases, 14 of 44 (30%) moderate and only 2 of 84 (2%) severe cases. The difference among these 3 groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 alone can correct @entity4 . The percentage of improvement depends on the preoperative degree of curvature, with severe @entity4 cases showing the least improvement.

title: Impact of @entity1 and proximal ventral dissection on curvature correction in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0