abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the quality of life and functional outcome in @entity0 with @entity4 treated with primary radiation vs. primary surgery. METHODS AND MATERIALS: At our institution, @entity0 with @entity1 are primarily treated either by radiation or surgery depending upon the philosophy of their primary physician. Primary radiation consists of 45-54 Gy external beam radiation followed by an 192Ir implant delivering an additional 20-30 Gy over 2-3 days. A neck dissection is done at the same time as the implant for those with involved nodes. Primary surgery consists of resection of the base of @entity5 , neck dissection and postoperative radiation therapy. Because both groups have similar local control in our experience (80-90%), we used a subjective performance status scale for @entity2 @entity0 to assess the quality of life in these @entity0 (0-100, 0 = worst function, 100 = normal function). This scale measures ability to eat in public, understandability of speech, and normalcy of diet. There were 30 radiation @entity0 (21: T1-T2; nine: T3-T4) and ten surgery @entity0 (five: T1-T2; five: T3-T4) available for long-term quality of life assessment. RESULTS: @entity0 treated with radiation had consistently better performance status scores and quality of life according to our study. This was true for those with early ( @entity6 ) as well as more advanced (T3-4) disease. For eating in public, @entity6 @entity0 had scores of 85 vs. 75 (p = .31) and T3-4 @entity0 had scores of 82 vs. 35 (p < .0001) for radiation vs. surgery, respectively. For understandability of speech, @entity6 @entity0 had scores of 92 vs. 65 (p = .0021), and T3-4 @entity0 had scores of 95 vs. 35 (p < .0001) for radiation vs. surgery, respectively. For normalcy of diet, @entity6 @entity0 had scores of 74 vs. 50 (p = .047), and T3-4 @entity0 had scores of 78 vs. 32 (p = .0012) for radiation vs. surgery, respectively. In addition, we compared scores for early vs. @entity3 treated by the same modality. For radiation, there was no difference in all three functional categories for @entity6 vs. T3-4 (p = .84), showing that quality of life scores remain high for all stages. For surgery, functional status deteriorated significantly when comparing @entity6 vs. T3-4 (p = .0014), consistent with the fact that @entity1 require more extensive operations. CONCLUSION: Radiation therapy provides a better performance status than surgery for @entity1 . This is true for both early and @entity3 . Because radiation also provides similar local control and survival, our data suggests that radiation may be the preferred strategy. Functional scores remain high for all T stages treated with radiation, but deteriorate with more advanced T stages for @entity0 treated with surgery. Similar studies using objective criteria are needed to further compare these treatments.

title: Performance status after treatment for XXXX --a comparison of primary radiation therapy versus primary surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: A study was performed to determine the effectiveness of radical radiation therapy (RT) in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity1 who relapsed following initial treatment with chemotherapy alone. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective review of @entity0 treated at City of Hope National Medical Center between 1970 and 1987 revealed a total of 10 @entity0 who received radical RT with curative intent as salvage therapy. RESULTS: Complete remission was achieved in eight of the ten @entity0 . @entity0 had an overall 5-year actual survival of 60% and 10-year actuarial survival of 38%. Relapse-free survival was 30% at 5 years and at 10 years. For the five @entity0 with a disease-free interval (DFI) of at least 12 months prior to radical RT, overall actual survival at 5 years was 100% and relapse-free survival was 60%. Three of the ten @entity0 , all with a DFI > 12 months and in first relapse when undergoing radical RT, were long-term relapse-free survivors. CONCLUSION: Radical RT is an effective salvage regimen for select @entity0 with advanced stage @entity1 who relapse following initial treatment with chemotherapy alone provided that relapse is limited to sites which can be encompassed by radical RT fields and the DFI is greater than 12 months. Review of other published series supports DFI > 12 months as a favorable prognostic factor. Comparison to other salvage regimens such as autologous bone marrow transplantation is limited. Reviews of other treatment modalities should perform subset analysis on @entity0 with similar presentations to compare the relative effectiveness of various salvage approaches.

title: Radical radiotherapy as salvage treatment for relapse of XXXX initially treated by chemotherapy alone: prognostic significance of the disease-free interval.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The investigations were carried out on 120 healthy @entity3 , aged from 3 to 7 months, weighing from 40 to 70 kg. The @entity3 were divided into 5 groups, 12 animals in each;, according to the agents administered intravenously. A similar arrangement of groups was adopted to determine the degree of @entity5 retention. Group I served as control. Blood was collected from the anterior vena cava after 1 hour and 1, 3 and 7 days since the moment of administration of physiological solution (group I) or since the appearance of general anaesthesia (groups II-V). The following determinations were made in serum: content of total protein and protein fractions; activity of AspAT, AlAT and @entity4 ; @entity2 and retention of @entity5 ; content of @entity0 in blood. The results were analysed statistically by determining the mean, the standard deviation and the test of significance t Student. The investigations resulted in the following conclusions. Anaesthesia produced in healthy @entity3 by the 4 preparations leads to considerable functional disturbances in the liver, expressed by increased activity of AspAT, AlAt and @entity4 , decreased albumin content, increased content of gamma globulins, and increased retention of @entity5 . The greatest changes were observed after @entity6 and Nembutal. After Eunarcon, the changes were fairly high, but of short duration. The slightest and most transient disturbances were found after Brevinarcon. These results make it possible to conclude that the functional disturbances of the liver after general anaesthesia are due to @entity1 of this organ. In the present experiment, such disturbances were reversible, i.e. they receded after 7 days.

title: [Liver function in @entity3 during general anesthesia induced by intravenous administration of XXXX , nembutal, eunarcon and brevinarcon].

answer: @entity6


abstract: The investigations were carried out on 120 healthy @entity3 , aged from 3 to 7 months, weighing from 40 to 70 kg. The @entity3 were divided into 5 groups, 12 animals in each;, according to the agents administered intravenously. A similar arrangement of groups was adopted to determine the degree of @entity5 retention. Group I served as control. Blood was collected from the anterior vena cava after 1 hour and 1, 3 and 7 days since the moment of administration of physiological solution (group I) or since the appearance of general anaesthesia (groups II-V). The following determinations were made in serum: content of total protein and protein fractions; activity of AspAT, AlAT and @entity4 ; @entity2 and retention of @entity5 ; content of @entity0 in blood. The results were analysed statistically by determining the mean, the standard deviation and the test of significance t Student. The investigations resulted in the following conclusions. Anaesthesia produced in healthy @entity3 by the 4 preparations leads to considerable functional disturbances in the liver, expressed by increased activity of AspAT, AlAt and @entity4 , decreased albumin content, increased content of gamma globulins, and increased retention of @entity5 . The greatest changes were observed after @entity6 and Nembutal. After Eunarcon, the changes were fairly high, but of short duration. The slightest and most transient disturbances were found after Brevinarcon. These results make it possible to conclude that the functional disturbances of the liver after general anaesthesia are due to @entity1 of this organ. In the present experiment, such disturbances were reversible, i.e. they receded after 7 days.

title: [Liver function in XXXX during general anesthesia induced by intravenous administration of @entity6 , nembutal, eunarcon and brevinarcon].

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genetic parameters of 7 claw health traits from Spanish dairy @entity3 were estimated and the predictive ability of linear and ordinal threshold models were compared and assessed. This study included data on @entity6 (DE), sole ulcer (SU), @entity0 ( @entity0 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity5 (CL) collected between July 2012 and June 2013 from 834 dairy herds visited by 21 trained trimmers. An @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was also considered an indicator the absence or the presence of at least 1 of the 6 disorders. Claw health traits were scored as categorical traits with 3 degrees of severity (nonaffected, mild, and @entity2 ). Genetic parameters were estimated by fitting both a standard linear model and an ordinal threshold animal model. Around 21% of @entity3 had at least 1 @entity1 , and the most frequent disorders were SU, DE, @entity0 , and CL. Heritabilities of @entity1 estimated with a linear model ranged from 0.01 ( @entity5 ) to 0.05 ( @entity1 ), whereas estimates from the ordinal threshold models ranged from 0.06 to 0.39 (for @entity5 and @entity4 , respectively). Repeatabilities of claw health estimated with the linear model varied from 0.03 to 0.18 and estimates with the ordinal threshold model ranged from 0.33 to 0.69. The global trait @entity1 was correlated with all disorders, except for @entity4 and @entity5 when the linear model was fitted. Two different genetic backgrounds of @entity1 were found. @entity6 showed positive correlations with @entity4 and @entity5 , whereas SU was positively correlated with @entity0 and CL. The predictive ability of the models was assessed using mean squared error and Pearson correlation between the real observation and the corresponding prediction using cross-validation. Regardless of the claw health status, the linear model led to smaller mean squared error. However, differences in predictive ability were found when predicting nonaffected and affected animals. For most traits, healthy @entity3 were better predicted using the threshold model, whereas the linear model fitted affected @entity3 better. Correlations between the observed data and corresponding predictions support those results ranging from 0.01 to 0.34. Claw health traits showed enough genetic variance to be included in the selection goal for Spanish Holsteins to select animals with less susceptibility to claw health problems, and we suggest the linear model for implementing genetic evaluations of claw heath traits.

title: Models for genetic evaluations of claw health traits in Spanish dairy XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A horseradish @entity4 conjugated lectin from @entity1 (soy bean agglutinin; SBA) was used to characterise the distribution of @entity3 in the cochlear nucleus of the mongolian gerbil. SBA bound differentially to a variety of structures within the cochlear nucleus. Specific SBA labelling was associated with large non-granule neurones of variable size and shape throughout the cochlear nucleus. Compared to adjacent Nissl-stained sections 80% of the non-granule cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and more than 90% of the non-granule cells in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) bound SBA. The variation in location, size and shape as well as the high percentage of the labelled neurones suggest that cells of several, if not all, non-granule cell types, which have been described for the cochlear nucleus according to the usual Nissl schemes, are SBA positive. Granule cells did not bind @entity2 because all SBA-labelled cells had diameters above 10 microns. Diffuse labelling, not systematically associated with cells or fibres, was high in the molecular and fusiform cell layers of the DCN and that part of the granule cell area located close to the surface of the VCN. Darkly labelled granules (up to 2 microns diameter) were prominent in the area of the VIIIth nerve root. After long SBA incubations, they were also present in VCN and to a lesser degree in DCN. The results are discussed with respect to findings in other brain areas and the possible co-localisation of @entity0 ( @entity0 ), parvalbumin and @entity3 .

title: The distribution of @entity3 in the cochlear nucleus of the gerbil revealed by lectin binding with XXXX agglutinin.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A horseradish @entity4 conjugated lectin from @entity1 (soy bean agglutinin; SBA) was used to characterise the distribution of @entity3 in the cochlear nucleus of the mongolian gerbil. SBA bound differentially to a variety of structures within the cochlear nucleus. Specific SBA labelling was associated with large non-granule neurones of variable size and shape throughout the cochlear nucleus. Compared to adjacent Nissl-stained sections 80% of the non-granule cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and more than 90% of the non-granule cells in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) bound SBA. The variation in location, size and shape as well as the high percentage of the labelled neurones suggest that cells of several, if not all, non-granule cell types, which have been described for the cochlear nucleus according to the usual Nissl schemes, are SBA positive. Granule cells did not bind @entity2 because all SBA-labelled cells had diameters above 10 microns. Diffuse labelling, not systematically associated with cells or fibres, was high in the molecular and fusiform cell layers of the DCN and that part of the granule cell area located close to the surface of the VCN. Darkly labelled granules (up to 2 microns diameter) were prominent in the area of the VIIIth nerve root. After long SBA incubations, they were also present in VCN and to a lesser degree in DCN. The results are discussed with respect to findings in other brain areas and the possible co-localisation of @entity0 ( @entity0 ), parvalbumin and @entity3 .

title: The distribution of XXXX in the cochlear nucleus of the gerbil revealed by lectin binding with @entity1 agglutinin.

answer: @entity3


abstract: To evaluate the long-term effects of treatment with @entity10 and to test its efficacy in @entity1 , a 3-month trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of daily administration (100 mg/day or approximately 2 mg/kg/day) on the functional activity of the reproductive axis, as well as implants, in @entity0 with symptomatic @entity5 . All @entity0 became amenorrhoeic and acyclic. However, ovarian suppression was incomplete. In 24 h sampling studies, mean luteinizing hormone (LH) and LH pulse amplitude were increased without a change in LH pulse frequency. Additionally, an antiglucocorticoid effect was demonstrated. Treatment resulted in improvement in @entity7 in all subjects without significant changes in the extent of disease as evaluated by laparoscopy. We also attempted to reduce the growth of uterine fibroids by using 50 mg/day of @entity10 for 3 months in 10 @entity0 . @entity6 size decreased approximately 22% at 4 weeks, 39% at 8 weeks and 49% at 12 weeks. Serum concentrations of LH, @entity8 and @entity4 increased in the first 3 weeks of treatment and then returned to baseline. In conclusion, daily administration of @entity10 resulted in ovarian inhibition and menstrual acyclicity and in an improvement in the @entity3 associated with @entity5 and decreased the size of uterine fibroids. This ovarian inhibition was achieved without @entity9 deprivation and may provide a novel long-term approach to the treatment of ovarian @entity2 -dependent disease processes.

title: Clinical efficacy of the antiprogesterone XXXX in the treatment of @entity1 and uterine fibroids.

answer: @entity10


abstract: To evaluate the long-term effects of treatment with @entity10 and to test its efficacy in @entity1 , a 3-month trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of daily administration (100 mg/day or approximately 2 mg/kg/day) on the functional activity of the reproductive axis, as well as implants, in @entity0 with symptomatic @entity5 . All @entity0 became amenorrhoeic and acyclic. However, ovarian suppression was incomplete. In 24 h sampling studies, mean luteinizing hormone (LH) and LH pulse amplitude were increased without a change in LH pulse frequency. Additionally, an antiglucocorticoid effect was demonstrated. Treatment resulted in improvement in @entity7 in all subjects without significant changes in the extent of disease as evaluated by laparoscopy. We also attempted to reduce the growth of uterine fibroids by using 50 mg/day of @entity10 for 3 months in 10 @entity0 . @entity6 size decreased approximately 22% at 4 weeks, 39% at 8 weeks and 49% at 12 weeks. Serum concentrations of LH, @entity8 and @entity4 increased in the first 3 weeks of treatment and then returned to baseline. In conclusion, daily administration of @entity10 resulted in ovarian inhibition and menstrual acyclicity and in an improvement in the @entity3 associated with @entity5 and decreased the size of uterine fibroids. This ovarian inhibition was achieved without @entity9 deprivation and may provide a novel long-term approach to the treatment of ovarian @entity2 -dependent disease processes.

title: Clinical efficacy of the antiprogesterone @entity10 in the treatment of XXXX and uterine fibroids.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Autoantibodies to RNA polymerases (RNAP) I, II, and III are reported to be highly specific for the diagnosis of @entity3 ( @entity1 , SSc). In the present study, the specificity of autoantibodies to RNAP I and III for SSc was confirmed by immunoprecipitation of 35S-labeled proteins. However, we report here the previously unrecognized production of anti-RNAP II autoantibodies by 9-14% of @entity0 with @entity2 and mixed @entity4 . 12 out of 32 anti-RNAP II positive sera (group 1) immunoprecipitated a diffuse 220-240-kD band identified as the largest subunit of RNAP II whereas the remaining 20 (group 2) immunoprecipitated preferentially the 240-kD phosphorylated (IIo) form of the large subunit. After pulse labeling, group 1 sera immunoprecipitated only the 220-kD (IIa) RNAP II subunit, whereas the diffuse IIa/IIo band plus the 145-kD second largest RNAP II subunit (IIc) were immunoprecipitated after several hours of cold chase, suggesting that these sera recognized primarily the largest subunit of RNAP II. Group 2 sera recognized the IIc subunit after pulse labeling, and immunoprecipitated the IIc and IIo, but not the IIa, subunits after cold chase. Although it has been suggested that autoantibodies to RNAP II are usually accompanied by anti-RNAP I/III in SSc, all but one of the anti-RNAP II positive sera from @entity2 or mixed @entity4 @entity0 , as well as most of the SSc sera, were negative for anti-RNAP I/III. Moreover, in contrast to previous reports suggesting that anti-RNAP antibodies rarely coexist with other SSc subset marker antibodies, anti-RNAP II antibodies were often accompanied by anti-Ku, anti-nRNP, or anti-topoisomerase I autoantibodies in the present study. We conclude that autoantibodies to RNAP II are not a specific marker for SSc, whereas autoantibodies to RNAP I/III are associated primarily with SSc. In addition, we have identified two distinctive patterns of RNAP II antigen recognition by autoantibodies, one of them characterized by specific recognition of the transcriptionally active (phosphorylated) form of RNAP II. The clinical significance of these different patterns remains to be determined.

title: Autoantibodies to RNA polymerase II are common in XXXX . Specific recognition of the phosphorylated (IIO) form by a subset of @entity0 sera.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Autoantibodies to RNA polymerases (RNAP) I, II, and III are reported to be highly specific for the diagnosis of @entity3 ( @entity1 , SSc). In the present study, the specificity of autoantibodies to RNAP I and III for SSc was confirmed by immunoprecipitation of 35S-labeled proteins. However, we report here the previously unrecognized production of anti-RNAP II autoantibodies by 9-14% of @entity0 with @entity2 and mixed @entity4 . 12 out of 32 anti-RNAP II positive sera (group 1) immunoprecipitated a diffuse 220-240-kD band identified as the largest subunit of RNAP II whereas the remaining 20 (group 2) immunoprecipitated preferentially the 240-kD phosphorylated (IIo) form of the large subunit. After pulse labeling, group 1 sera immunoprecipitated only the 220-kD (IIa) RNAP II subunit, whereas the diffuse IIa/IIo band plus the 145-kD second largest RNAP II subunit (IIc) were immunoprecipitated after several hours of cold chase, suggesting that these sera recognized primarily the largest subunit of RNAP II. Group 2 sera recognized the IIc subunit after pulse labeling, and immunoprecipitated the IIc and IIo, but not the IIa, subunits after cold chase. Although it has been suggested that autoantibodies to RNAP II are usually accompanied by anti-RNAP I/III in SSc, all but one of the anti-RNAP II positive sera from @entity2 or mixed @entity4 @entity0 , as well as most of the SSc sera, were negative for anti-RNAP I/III. Moreover, in contrast to previous reports suggesting that anti-RNAP antibodies rarely coexist with other SSc subset marker antibodies, anti-RNAP II antibodies were often accompanied by anti-Ku, anti-nRNP, or anti-topoisomerase I autoantibodies in the present study. We conclude that autoantibodies to RNAP II are not a specific marker for SSc, whereas autoantibodies to RNAP I/III are associated primarily with SSc. In addition, we have identified two distinctive patterns of RNAP II antigen recognition by autoantibodies, one of them characterized by specific recognition of the transcriptionally active (phosphorylated) form of RNAP II. The clinical significance of these different patterns remains to be determined.

title: Autoantibodies to RNA polymerase II are common in @entity2 . Specific recognition of the phosphorylated (IIO) form by a subset of XXXX sera.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Study Design Case report. Background Although eccentric exercises have been a cornerstone of the rehabilitation of athletes with patellar @entity2 , the effectiveness of this intervention is sometimes less than ideal. Athletes with patellar @entity2 have been shown to have different jump-landing patterns and lower hip extensor strength compared to asymptomatic athletes. To our knowledge, the effectiveness of an intervention addressing these impairments has not yet been investigated. Case Description The @entity0 was a 21-year-old male volleyball athlete with a 9-month history of patellar tendon @entity1 . @entity1 was measured with a visual analog scale. Disability was measured with the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-patella questionnaire. These assessments were conducted before and after an 8-week intervention, as well as at 6 months after the intervention. Hip and knee kinematics and kinetics during drop vertical jump and isometric strength were also measured before and after the 8-week intervention. The intervention consisted of hip extensor muscle strengthening and jump landing strategy modification training. The @entity0 did not interrupt volleyball practice/competition during rehabilitation. Outcomes After the 8-week intervention and at 6 months postintervention, the athlete was completely asymptomatic during sports participation. This favorable clinical outcome was accompanied by a 50% increase in hip extensor moment, a 21% decrease in knee extensor moment, and a 26% decrease in patellar tendon force during jump landing measured at 8 weeks. Discussion This case report provides an example of how an 8-week intervention of hip muscle strengthening and jump-landing modification @entity1 and disability and improved jump-landing biomechanics in an athlete with patellar @entity2 . Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(11):899-909. Epub 21 Sep 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.6242.

title: Rehabilitation of XXXX Using Hip Extensor Strengthening and Landing-Strategy Modification: Case Report With 6-Month Follow-up.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 of the tibialis anterior tendon are rare but can cause substantial functional deficiencies. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a surgery for soft tissue repair of traumatic rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon by using a plate and screw fixation repair in combination with the free anterolateral thigh flaps transplantation. METHODS: Eight consecutive @entity0 with anterior tibialis @entity1 who visited orthopedics departments from February 2008 to February 2012 were included in our study. The @entity1 tendon was reconstructed with plate and screw fixation technique, and the tissue defects were repaired with anterolateral thigh free flaps. The complications and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores were evaluated. Postoperative manual strength test was performed using a 0 to 5 scale. RESULTS: All flaps survived without any complications. The average preoperative and postoperative AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores of the @entity0 were 51 and 95, respectively. Good ankle dorsiflexion strength against strong resistance was observed in eight ankles postoperatively (manual strength of one @entity0 was 4/5, the others were 5/5), and a substantial improvement in strength was noted compared with the preoperative examination. CONCLUSION: Soft tissue repair for tibialis anterior tendon rupture using plate and screw fixation technique in combination with anterolateral thigh flaps transplantation is a feasible technique and yield satisfactory results.

title: Soft tissue repair for tibialis anterior XXXX using plate and screw fixation technique in combination with anterolateral thigh flaps transplantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: In Germany, all transcatheter aortic valve implantations (TAVI) and surgical @entity3 (sAVR) are registered within an obligatory quality assurance programme led by the independent AQUA Institute. We have summarised @entity0 and procedural characteristics, complication and mortality rates as reported in the annual, German language AQUA quality reports, freely accessible online, in order to provide a comprehensive overview of developments between 2008 and 2014. METHODS AND RESULTS: Since 2008, a total of 71,927 isolated sAVR and 48,353 TAVI procedures have been performed in Germany. The numbers of sAVR are steadily declining (2008: 11,205; 2014: 9,953). For TAVI, there has been a 20-fold increase since 2008, from 637 to 13,264 procedures in 2014, surpassing the annual numbers of isolated sAVR since 2013. The age profile of TAVI @entity0 has remained unchanged over time (mean age: 80.9 years), with a recent trend towards lower-risk/intermediate-risk @entity0 . TAVI complications are rapidly decreasing (2012: 9.4%; 2014: 3.9%); @entity1 , @entity5 and @entity4 are rare (<0.3%), with fewer @entity0 requiring surgical conversion to sternotomy (2012: 1.2%; 2014: 0.6%). In-hospital mortality after TAVI has halved in 2014 (4.2%) compared with 2008 (10.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Real-world clinical data from the obligatory quality assurance programme document the rapid adoption of TAVI in Germany, shifting treatment of @entity2 in the elderly from surgery to a catheter-based approach. Since 2008, similar to what happened with PCIs, complications of TAVI have declined considerably along with the need for emergency cardiac surgery. Most importantly, in-hospital mortality has halved from 2008 to 2014, while mortality for sAVR has remained unchanged.

title: Transcatheter @entity3 (TAVI) in Germany 2008-2014: on its way to standard therapy for XXXX in the elderly?

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: In Germany, all transcatheter aortic valve implantations (TAVI) and surgical @entity3 (sAVR) are registered within an obligatory quality assurance programme led by the independent AQUA Institute. We have summarised @entity0 and procedural characteristics, complication and mortality rates as reported in the annual, German language AQUA quality reports, freely accessible online, in order to provide a comprehensive overview of developments between 2008 and 2014. METHODS AND RESULTS: Since 2008, a total of 71,927 isolated sAVR and 48,353 TAVI procedures have been performed in Germany. The numbers of sAVR are steadily declining (2008: 11,205; 2014: 9,953). For TAVI, there has been a 20-fold increase since 2008, from 637 to 13,264 procedures in 2014, surpassing the annual numbers of isolated sAVR since 2013. The age profile of TAVI @entity0 has remained unchanged over time (mean age: 80.9 years), with a recent trend towards lower-risk/intermediate-risk @entity0 . TAVI complications are rapidly decreasing (2012: 9.4%; 2014: 3.9%); @entity1 , @entity5 and @entity4 are rare (<0.3%), with fewer @entity0 requiring surgical conversion to sternotomy (2012: 1.2%; 2014: 0.6%). In-hospital mortality after TAVI has halved in 2014 (4.2%) compared with 2008 (10.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Real-world clinical data from the obligatory quality assurance programme document the rapid adoption of TAVI in Germany, shifting treatment of @entity2 in the elderly from surgery to a catheter-based approach. Since 2008, similar to what happened with PCIs, complications of TAVI have declined considerably along with the need for emergency cardiac surgery. Most importantly, in-hospital mortality has halved from 2008 to 2014, while mortality for sAVR has remained unchanged.

title: Transcatheter XXXX (TAVI) in Germany 2008-2014: on its way to standard therapy for @entity2 in the elderly?

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: To assess the consistency and reproducibility of assessment of @entity2 immunostaining, and to examine some of the problems relating to inter- and intraobserver variability in the documentation of positive staining; to profile the spectrum of cytoplasmic and membranous staining in a wide range of @entity0 types. METHODS: A total of 283 @entity0 were examined for immunohistochemical expression of the @entity2 oncoprotein. Three independent observers were required to assess intensity both of membrane and cytoplasmic staining on a three point and then a four point scale. Extent of positive staining was also assessed on a two point scale. A minimum of two weeks elapsed between assessments using the differing scales. RESULTS: Positive membrane staining was documented by one or more observers in 16.6% of @entity0 examined. This positivity was largely restricted to @entity1 . The overall level of disagreement as to the presence or absence of membranous staining was 11.3%. Cytoplasmic staining was identified in 55.5% of @entity0 studied. The level of disagreement as to the presence or absence of cytoplasmic staining was 26.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Intraobserver variability was minimal, indicating that each pathologist was adhering to internal reproducible standards. Interobserver variability was greater, indicating that the interpretation of @entity2 immunostaining may require set guidelines. It is suggested that assessment should be referenced to a standard positive control, that a three tier system for grading of intensity and a two tier system for grading of extent should be adopted, and that the evaluation should be agreed by at least two pathologists. The presence of cytoplasmic staining should continue to be routinely recorded until its biological role and clinical implications are fully understood.

title: XXXX immunostaining: problems with interpretation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: To investigate colonic metaplasia of goblet and columnar epithelial cells in @entity5 mucosa; to correlate this with the degree of morphological and inflammatory change; and to assess whether such changes are related to the presence of @entity4 . METHODS: Biopsy specimens of @entity5 mucosa were taken from 31 @entity0 (30 with @entity1 , one with @entity3 ) either before (eight @entity0 ) or after (23 @entity0 ) ileostomy closure. A simple morphological technique was used to assess changes in villous height. Inflammatory change was estimated using an established scoring system for @entity6 , and acquisition of colonic antigens was determined by immunohistochemistry using three monoclonal antibodies which recognise components of the two major epithelial cell types in the colorectum. The degree of staining with the monoclonal antibodies was graded and the grades correlated with an index of villous atrophy and with the inflammatory scores. RESULTS: Five of eight (63%) pre-closure and 15 of 23 (65%) post-closure biopsy specimens showed increased staining with an antibody against components of columnar epithelial cells. One of eight (12%) pre-closure and 15 of 23 (65%) post-closure biopsy specimens stained with an antibody for colonic mucin. Although both types of staining showed a positive correlation with the @entity6 score, they also occurred in the absence of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Both goblet and columnar cells acquire colonic characteristics which are incomplete, but may represent a true adaptive response as they can develop in the absence of @entity2 . As the change in goblet cells occurs after ileostomy closure, @entity4 is likely to be a major contributory factor. Changes in columnar cells may occur before ileostomy closure in the absence of @entity4 .

title: Expression of colonic antigens by goblet and columnar epithelial cells in @entity5 mucosa: their association with inflammatory change and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: To investigate colonic metaplasia of goblet and columnar epithelial cells in @entity5 mucosa; to correlate this with the degree of morphological and inflammatory change; and to assess whether such changes are related to the presence of @entity4 . METHODS: Biopsy specimens of @entity5 mucosa were taken from 31 @entity0 (30 with @entity1 , one with @entity3 ) either before (eight @entity0 ) or after (23 @entity0 ) ileostomy closure. A simple morphological technique was used to assess changes in villous height. Inflammatory change was estimated using an established scoring system for @entity6 , and acquisition of colonic antigens was determined by immunohistochemistry using three monoclonal antibodies which recognise components of the two major epithelial cell types in the colorectum. The degree of staining with the monoclonal antibodies was graded and the grades correlated with an index of villous atrophy and with the inflammatory scores. RESULTS: Five of eight (63%) pre-closure and 15 of 23 (65%) post-closure biopsy specimens showed increased staining with an antibody against components of columnar epithelial cells. One of eight (12%) pre-closure and 15 of 23 (65%) post-closure biopsy specimens stained with an antibody for colonic mucin. Although both types of staining showed a positive correlation with the @entity6 score, they also occurred in the absence of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Both goblet and columnar cells acquire colonic characteristics which are incomplete, but may represent a true adaptive response as they can develop in the absence of @entity2 . As the change in goblet cells occurs after ileostomy closure, @entity4 is likely to be a major contributory factor. Changes in columnar cells may occur before ileostomy closure in the absence of @entity4 .

title: Expression of colonic antigens by goblet and columnar epithelial cells in XXXX mucosa: their association with inflammatory change and @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the CT and MR findings of three @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), each of which eroded the skull base and had an extracranial mass component. A literature review of @entity2 was also performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the past year the imaging studies of three @entity0 with these unusual @entity2 were collected at our institutions. All three @entity0 had had CT, and one @entity0 had had MR on a 1.5 T GE unit. RESULTS: One @entity0 had a 5 cm GIA in the left petrocavernous region, filling the middle cranial fossa and extending into the left sphenoid sinus and the left posterior ethmoid complex. The @entity3 had heterogeneous high attenuation and extensive rim calcification. The second @entity0 had a 5 cm GIA that filled most of the left middle cranial fossa, eroding the floor and lateral wall and extending into the infratemporal fossa and parapharyngeal space. The @entity3 was partially thrombosed and had minimal rim calcification. The third @entity0 had a 4 cm left cavernous GIA that eroded the floor of the middle cranial fossa and extended into the subjacent parapharyngeal space. The lesion was partially thrombosed and had an enhancing lumen. The rim had low signal intensity on MR. None of these @entity0 had a history of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Giant @entity2 can cause significant skull base erosion and extend into the paranasal sinuses, parapharyngeal space, and infratemporal fossa. The CT and MR findings can lead to an accurate diagnosis.

title: Giant XXXX with skull base erosion and extracranial masses: CT and MR findings.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The color stainability of recently introduced computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/ @entity1 ) hybrid ceramic and resin nanoceramic is unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in  vitro study was to compare the effect of coffee staining on the color of 3 different CAD/ @entity1 restorative materials and a nanocomposite resin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Specimens from a hybrid dental ceramic (VITA Enamic), a resin nanoceramic (Lava Ultimate), a @entity0 disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max CAD), and a nanocomposite resin (Filtek Supreme Ultra Universal) were evaluated for color change due to thermocycling in coffee (n=5). Specimens 0.5 to 0.7 mm and 1 to 1.2 mm in thickness were thermocycled for 5000 cycles. CIEDE2000 color differences (  E00) due to thermocycling in coffee were calculated using the color coordinates obtained from a spectroradiometer. ANCOVA was used to analyze the color differences among the materials with thickness as the covariate. Significant differences at average thickness were analyzed with the Tukey-Kramer test. RESULTS: For color difference due to staining, thickness was a significant covariate (P<.001). Regarding the analysis of color differences, every pair of the tested materials was significantly different (P<.001). Least squares means of color differences (  E00) at mean thickness were 4.34 for the nanohybrid composite resin, 3.66 for the resin nanoceramic, 1.35 for the hybrid ceramic, and 0.43 for the @entity0 disilicate ceramic. CONCLUSION: When exposed to hot and cold coffee, the color change was beyond clinical acceptability for the tested resin nanoceramic and nanocomposite resin materials. The average color change of the hybrid ceramic was clinically perceivable over the tested thickness values. The color change of @entity0 disilicate ceramic was not clinically perceivable at any tested thickness.

title: Color stainability of CAD/ XXXX and nanocomposite resin materials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of @entity4 after evaluation with the @entity4 score at the Army Teaching Hospital in Yaound  , Cameroon. @entity0 AND METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective monocentric hospital study was carried out from January 2008  to December 2010. Our sample included all @entity0 with @entity4 . Each traumatized eye was evaluated using the @entity4 score after measurement of visual acuity. The most severe diagnoses observed were classified according to the Birmingham Eye @entity1 Terminology system. RESULTS: The frequency out of 364  eyes was 3.56%. There were 204  @entity0 (61.44%) with a male/female ratio of 1.59. The mean age was 32.95  years with predominance of 21-30  years. The most affected groups were laborers and craftsmen (28.61%), followed closely by students (23.80%), then armed forces personnel (19.58%). Fights were noted as the most common cause in 31.02% of cases. Punches predominated in 21.39% of cases. In 37.34% of cases, @entity0 were seen within 72hours of the @entity1 . Three hundred (90.36%) @entity1 were unilateral vs. 32 (9.64%) bilateral. The mean visual acuity at the first consultation was 0.3  logMAR. Grading after evaluation was as follows, 13  eyes were grade 1, 19  grade 2, 25  grade 3, 54  grade 4  and 253  grade 5. Fragile and exposed anatomical structures were the most commonly injured. Seventeen eyes exhibited elevated IOP (22  to 45) vs. 7  which were @entity5 . Two hundred and one (55.22%) oculo-palpebral contusions were noted, followed by 110 (30.22%) lacerations. @entity2 was reported in 16.20% and @entity3 in 8.79% of cases. CONCLUSION: In the emergent setting, a good, timely clinical evaluation of each case according to the @entity4 score may lead to effective management.

title: [Ocular XXXX in an urban Cameroonian setting: A study of 332  cases evaluated according to the Ocular @entity1 Score].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of @entity4 after evaluation with the @entity4 score at the Army Teaching Hospital in Yaound  , Cameroon. @entity0 AND METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective monocentric hospital study was carried out from January 2008  to December 2010. Our sample included all @entity0 with @entity4 . Each traumatized eye was evaluated using the @entity4 score after measurement of visual acuity. The most severe diagnoses observed were classified according to the Birmingham Eye @entity1 Terminology system. RESULTS: The frequency out of 364  eyes was 3.56%. There were 204  @entity0 (61.44%) with a male/female ratio of 1.59. The mean age was 32.95  years with predominance of 21-30  years. The most affected groups were laborers and craftsmen (28.61%), followed closely by students (23.80%), then armed forces personnel (19.58%). Fights were noted as the most common cause in 31.02% of cases. Punches predominated in 21.39% of cases. In 37.34% of cases, @entity0 were seen within 72hours of the @entity1 . Three hundred (90.36%) @entity1 were unilateral vs. 32 (9.64%) bilateral. The mean visual acuity at the first consultation was 0.3  logMAR. Grading after evaluation was as follows, 13  eyes were grade 1, 19  grade 2, 25  grade 3, 54  grade 4  and 253  grade 5. Fragile and exposed anatomical structures were the most commonly injured. Seventeen eyes exhibited elevated IOP (22  to 45) vs. 7  which were @entity5 . Two hundred and one (55.22%) oculo-palpebral contusions were noted, followed by 110 (30.22%) lacerations. @entity2 was reported in 16.20% and @entity3 in 8.79% of cases. CONCLUSION: In the emergent setting, a good, timely clinical evaluation of each case according to the @entity4 score may lead to effective management.

title: [Ocular @entity1 in an urban Cameroonian setting: A study of 332  cases evaluated according to the Ocular XXXX Score].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: There are limited data in the literature on the probability of @entity6 according to radiotherapy dose. This study investigates the risk of radiation-induced severe @entity4 in @entity0 in whom an entire orbit was exposed to fractionated external beam irradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between October 1964 and May 1989, 33 @entity0 with @entity2 received irradiation of an entire orbit. Most @entity0 were treated with 60Co. The dose to the lacrimal apparatus was calculated at a depth of 1 cm from the anterior skin surface, the approximate depth of the major lacrimal gland. The end point of the study was severe @entity4 sufficient to produce @entity3 secondary to corneal opacification, @entity5 , or vascularization. RESULTS: Twenty @entity0 developed severe @entity4 . All 17 @entity0 who received doses > or = 57 Gy developed severe @entity4 . Three (19%) of 16 @entity0 who received doses < or = 45 Gy developed severe @entity4 ; @entity1 in the latter group were much slower to develop (4 to 11 years) than in the higher dose group, in whom corneal vascularization and opacification were usually pronounced within 9-10 months. There were no data for the range of doses between 45.01 and 56.99 Gy. The data did not suggest an increased risk of severe @entity4 with increasing age. CONCLUSION: Data from the current series and the literature are combined to construct a sigmoid dose response curve. The incidence of injury increases from 0% reported after doses < or = 30 Gy to 100% after doses > or = 57 Gy.

title: Severe XXXX following external beam irradiation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: One hundred and twenty-two @entity0 with @entity3 were treated from 1965-1977. Pulmonary metastasis was noted in 82 of the 122 @entity0 . In 21 cases, open thoracotomy and lobectomy were performed in conjunction with chemotherapy. Fifteen @entity0 achieved complete remission and six @entity0 died. It became evident that the factors with the greatest effect on the outcome of the surgical treatment are the preoperative hCG values and the extent of @entity2 . The following are the authors established criteria for the operative intervention of @entity2 of @entity3 (modifying Thomford's principles): (1) The @entity0 must be a good risk for surgical intervention. (2) That the primary @entity1 is controlled, (the uterus has already been resected, or no angiographical evidence of @entity1 in pelvic cavity). (3) There is no evidence of metastatic disease elsewhere in the body. (4) Roentgenologic evidence of @entity2 is limited to one lung. (5) The urinary hCG value is below 1000 mIU/ml.

title: Surgical indications for resection in XXXX of @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: One hundred and twenty-two @entity0 with @entity3 were treated from 1965-1977. Pulmonary metastasis was noted in 82 of the 122 @entity0 . In 21 cases, open thoracotomy and lobectomy were performed in conjunction with chemotherapy. Fifteen @entity0 achieved complete remission and six @entity0 died. It became evident that the factors with the greatest effect on the outcome of the surgical treatment are the preoperative hCG values and the extent of @entity2 . The following are the authors established criteria for the operative intervention of @entity2 of @entity3 (modifying Thomford's principles): (1) The @entity0 must be a good risk for surgical intervention. (2) That the primary @entity1 is controlled, (the uterus has already been resected, or no angiographical evidence of @entity1 in pelvic cavity). (3) There is no evidence of metastatic disease elsewhere in the body. (4) Roentgenologic evidence of @entity2 is limited to one lung. (5) The urinary hCG value is below 1000 mIU/ml.

title: Surgical indications for resection in @entity2 of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Two genes, hom (encoding @entity3 dehydrogenase) and thrB (encoding @entity3 kinase), of the @entity1 biosynthetic pathway are clustered in the chromosome of @entity2 in the order 5' hom-thrB 3', separated by only 10 bp. The Brevibacterium thrB gene is expressed in @entity0 , in @entity2 , and in @entity2 and complements auxotrophs of all three organisms deficient in @entity3 kinase, whereas the Brevibacterium hom gene did not complement two different @entity0 auxotrophs lacking @entity3 dehydrogenase. However, complementation was obtained when the @entity3 dehydrogenase was expressed as a fusion protein in @entity0 . Northern (RNA) analysis showed that the hom-thrB cluster is transcribed, giving two different transcripts of 2.5 and 1.1 kb. The 2.5-kb transcript corresponds to the entire cluster hom-thrB (i.e., they form a bicistronic operon), and the short transcript (1.1 kb) originates from the thrB gene. The promoter in front of hom and the hom-internal promoter in front of thrB were subcloned in promoter-probe vectors of @entity0 and corynebacteria. The thrB promoter is efficiently recognized both in @entity0 and corynebacteria, whereas the hom promoter is functional in corynebacteria but not in @entity0 . The transcription start points of both promoters have been identified by primer extension and S1 mapping analysis. The thrB promoter was located in an 87-bp fragment that overlaps with the end of the hom gene. A functional transcriptional terminator located downstream from the cluster was subcloned in terminator-probe vectors.

title: Transcriptional analysis and regulatory signals of the hom-thrB cluster of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study examined a group of @entity0 who have @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and certain comorbid personality disorders to provide data on types of clinical problems that complicate treatment. Data are presented on @entity0 response to a comprehensive behavior therapy. METHOD: Forty-one consecutively referred, adult, nonpsychotic @entity0 with @entity4 were evaluated independently by their attending psychiatrist and a consulting psychologist for presence of DSM-III-R @entity2 . Thirty-one of these @entity0 , for whom there was 100% agreement on presence or absence of a @entity2 , participated in a course of comprehensive behavior therapy. @entity4 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity4 + @entity3 ) were compared with a group of @entity4 @entity0 without @entity2 (nonPD @entity4 ) on pretreatment and treatment-related variables. RESULTS: There was significantly high interrater reliability between psychiatrist and psychologist on diagnosis of @entity2 (p < .001). @entity4 + @entity3 @entity0 demonstrated poorer response to prior @entity1 treatments and greater psychosocial and @entity1 at pretreatment than did nonPD @entity4 @entity0 . The @entity4 + @entity3 @entity0 demonstrated a moderate response to comprehensive behavior therapy, but below that of nonPD @entity4 @entity0 . @entity4 + @entity3 @entity0 were also rated as more difficult to treat, required more @entity1 hospitalizations during treatment, and were more likely to terminate behavior therapy prematurely than were nonPD @entity4 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: In modest samples of @entity4 + @entity3 @entity0 (N = 26), and nonPD @entity4 @entity0 (N = 5), this study found that @entity4 @entity0 with @entity2 had greater psychopathology, fewer coping and living skills, and were more resistant to @entity1 treatment than the nonPD @entity4 @entity0 . In addition, when treated with a comprehensive behavior therapy that focuses on other clinical problems in addition to the @entity4 symptoms, the @entity4 + @entity3 @entity0 had an enhanced response to treatment.

title: Obsessive compulsive @entity0 with XXXX : associated problems and response to a comprehensive behavior therapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study examined a group of @entity0 who have @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and certain comorbid personality disorders to provide data on types of clinical problems that complicate treatment. Data are presented on @entity0 response to a comprehensive behavior therapy. METHOD: Forty-one consecutively referred, adult, nonpsychotic @entity0 with @entity4 were evaluated independently by their attending psychiatrist and a consulting psychologist for presence of DSM-III-R @entity2 . Thirty-one of these @entity0 , for whom there was 100% agreement on presence or absence of a @entity2 , participated in a course of comprehensive behavior therapy. @entity4 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity4 + @entity3 ) were compared with a group of @entity4 @entity0 without @entity2 (nonPD @entity4 ) on pretreatment and treatment-related variables. RESULTS: There was significantly high interrater reliability between psychiatrist and psychologist on diagnosis of @entity2 (p < .001). @entity4 + @entity3 @entity0 demonstrated poorer response to prior @entity1 treatments and greater psychosocial and @entity1 at pretreatment than did nonPD @entity4 @entity0 . The @entity4 + @entity3 @entity0 demonstrated a moderate response to comprehensive behavior therapy, but below that of nonPD @entity4 @entity0 . @entity4 + @entity3 @entity0 were also rated as more difficult to treat, required more @entity1 hospitalizations during treatment, and were more likely to terminate behavior therapy prematurely than were nonPD @entity4 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: In modest samples of @entity4 + @entity3 @entity0 (N = 26), and nonPD @entity4 @entity0 (N = 5), this study found that @entity4 @entity0 with @entity2 had greater psychopathology, fewer coping and living skills, and were more resistant to @entity1 treatment than the nonPD @entity4 @entity0 . In addition, when treated with a comprehensive behavior therapy that focuses on other clinical problems in addition to the @entity4 symptoms, the @entity4 + @entity3 @entity0 had an enhanced response to treatment.

title: Obsessive compulsive XXXX with @entity2 : associated problems and response to a comprehensive behavior therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The herpes simplex type 1 virus @entity2 kinase ( @entity7 -TK) reporter gene was coupled to a @entity1 thyroglobulin promoter (TG-tk construct). Within the thyroid glands of @entity0 expression was confined to thyroid follicle cells. Infusion of @entity8 ( @entity12 ) to 8 to 12 week transgenic females led to the complete loss of thyroid @entity7 -TK activity (at 3 to 4 days) and thyroid follicles (between 7 and 14 days). During the first 5 days of treatment a single reciprocal oscillation in circulating @entity5 (T4) and TSH levels occurred. By 14 days the circulating @entity4 (T3) and T4 levels of all treated animals were below the detection limits of the assays, while TSH levels were elevated ten-fold and continued to increase thereafter. During 14 days of treatment the thyroids regressed, protein content fell by 80-90% and the C cells, normally dispersed within the central region of each gland, came together in aggregates. Pituitary GH levels in females rose and fell back to normal within 14 days and between 14 and 28 days fell to a level comparable with that of @entity6 lit/lit @entity0 . The levels of hepatic @entity11 mRNA and the predominant 6.6 kb T3 receptor mRNA were unaffected by thyrocyte ablation. Thyrocyte ablation had no effect on the level of @entity10 mRNA in females, but increased Prl receptor mRNA levels in males and eliminated group 1 major urinary protein ( @entity9 ).mRNA in females. T4 replacement reversed the effects of thyrocyte ablation on @entity9 mRNA in females and on Prl receptor mRNA in males.2+ Despite the many physiological changes induced by thyrocyte ablation, ablated @entity0 have been maintained for up to 1 year without thyroid hormone supplementation. T4-deficient females were normally fertile and carried pups to term. Although transgenic males expressed @entity7 -TK ectopically in spermatids and spermatozoa at levels similar to thyrocyte levels, a rate of @entity8 infusion which successfully ablated the thyrocytes did not affect the testis. As an alternative to infusion by minipump, thyrocyte ablation could be achieved by 6 twice-daily injections of @entity8 , at a level of 112 micrograms @entity8 /g body weight per day, and fetuses in utero could be thyrocyte ablated by administering 50 or 15 micrograms/g body weight per day to pregnant females between days 14 and 18 of gestation. These data demonstrate the potential value of transgenic thyrocyte ablation in the study of the effects of @entity3 .

title: Consequences of XXXX induced by the specific ablation of thyroid follicle cells in adult @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The herpes simplex type 1 virus @entity2 kinase ( @entity7 -TK) reporter gene was coupled to a @entity1 thyroglobulin promoter (TG-tk construct). Within the thyroid glands of @entity0 expression was confined to thyroid follicle cells. Infusion of @entity8 ( @entity12 ) to 8 to 12 week transgenic females led to the complete loss of thyroid @entity7 -TK activity (at 3 to 4 days) and thyroid follicles (between 7 and 14 days). During the first 5 days of treatment a single reciprocal oscillation in circulating @entity5 (T4) and TSH levels occurred. By 14 days the circulating @entity4 (T3) and T4 levels of all treated animals were below the detection limits of the assays, while TSH levels were elevated ten-fold and continued to increase thereafter. During 14 days of treatment the thyroids regressed, protein content fell by 80-90% and the C cells, normally dispersed within the central region of each gland, came together in aggregates. Pituitary GH levels in females rose and fell back to normal within 14 days and between 14 and 28 days fell to a level comparable with that of @entity6 lit/lit @entity0 . The levels of hepatic @entity11 mRNA and the predominant 6.6 kb T3 receptor mRNA were unaffected by thyrocyte ablation. Thyrocyte ablation had no effect on the level of @entity10 mRNA in females, but increased Prl receptor mRNA levels in males and eliminated group 1 major urinary protein ( @entity9 ).mRNA in females. T4 replacement reversed the effects of thyrocyte ablation on @entity9 mRNA in females and on Prl receptor mRNA in males.2+ Despite the many physiological changes induced by thyrocyte ablation, ablated @entity0 have been maintained for up to 1 year without thyroid hormone supplementation. T4-deficient females were normally fertile and carried pups to term. Although transgenic males expressed @entity7 -TK ectopically in spermatids and spermatozoa at levels similar to thyrocyte levels, a rate of @entity8 infusion which successfully ablated the thyrocytes did not affect the testis. As an alternative to infusion by minipump, thyrocyte ablation could be achieved by 6 twice-daily injections of @entity8 , at a level of 112 micrograms @entity8 /g body weight per day, and fetuses in utero could be thyrocyte ablated by administering 50 or 15 micrograms/g body weight per day to pregnant females between days 14 and 18 of gestation. These data demonstrate the potential value of transgenic thyrocyte ablation in the study of the effects of @entity3 .

title: Consequences of @entity3 induced by the specific ablation of thyroid follicle cells in adult XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 represents a significant cause of @entity2 among young and middle age adults. As a group, M.S. @entity0 are frequently well educated, highly trained and possess intact families but have had to leave their former occupations. While many unemployed M.S. @entity0 are willing and able to work, they are not now receiving the vocational rehabilitation services they need to reenter the work force. Physicians frequently see M.S. @entity0 , but they do not often refer those @entity0 for vocational rehabilitation services. Unemployment associated with @entity1 is a significant social complication of the disease. While the physician cannot cure or halt the progress of the disease, he or she can assist the M.S. @entity0 in obtaining the specialized help necessary to re-enter the job market.

title: Vocational disability and rehabilitation in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A mother carrying a fetus affected with @entity7 received prenatal treatment with @entity2 (0.5 mg, tid, p.o.) started from the very beginning of the 8th week of gestation. Prenatal diagnosis had to rely on amniocentesis with karyotyping and @entity1 hormone determination, because HLA and DNA data from the deceased index case or direct molecular genetic techniques were not available. The pre- and postnatal diagnosis of @entity7 was based on mass spectrometric determination of @entity5 . @entity2 was discontinued for 5 days prior to amniocentesis. Monitoring of @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity6 in maternal plasma revealed suppressed maternal and fetal adrenal glands throughout pregnancy. Plasma @entity2 levels confirmed excellent maternal compliance. At term, an eutrophic @entity0 with normal female genitalia was delivered. The diagnosis of @entity7 and salt loss was confirmed postnatally. Regarding the side-effects of @entity2 , the benefit/risk ratio was in favour of prenatal @entity2 therapy.

title: Successful prenatal treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) are specialized cells residing primarily within lymphoid follicles. They bind immunocomplexes and play an important role in the presentation of antigen to follicular B cells. Isolation of @entity15 for in vitro studies, however, is difficult because they constitute only about 1% of the cells in lymphoid tissue and form tight clusters entrapping lymphocytes within their dendritic processes. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) Ki-M4, which is highly restricted in its binding to @entity15 , is used to identify these cells. In order to establish a new immortalized cell line with features of @entity15 , we applied a modified procedure to isolate and enrich @entity15 from @entity0 tonsils and fused them with the @entity8 cell line SP2/0-Ag14. The new hybrid cell line, designated @entity15 -H1, is of both @entity1 lymphoid and @entity0 @entity15 origin. @entity15 -H1 was found to have unlimited growth potential and to consistently express the Ki-M4 antigen and other surface antigens of @entity0 @entity15 . Semiquantitative reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of enriched @entity15 and @entity15 -H1 revealed the same highly restricted cytokine/mRNA profile for both, with detectable levels of @entity5 and surface @entity14 and a lack of mRNA for @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity11 , @entity13 , @entity12 , @entity4 , interferon-gamma, tumor @entity2 factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta and @entity10 . Additionally a weak but constant @entity3 mRNA expression was found in the cell line @entity15 -H1 by RT-PCR. In situ hybridization experiments in tonsils revealed @entity3 transcripts in cells with a staining pattern characteristic of a dendritic cell only in a few germinal centers. To our knowledge, @entity15 -H1 is the first cell line that constantly expresses surface antigens and a cytokine profile characteristic of @entity15 . It is, therefore, well suited for studying the biology of @entity15 and the functional relationship between @entity15 and normal or neoplastic lymphatic cells.

title: An immortalized cell line with features of XXXX follicular dendritic cells. Antigen and cytokine expression analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Using agonistic antibodies (Ab) we have examined whether the 75-kDa chain of the @entity1 necrosis factor receptor @entity6 ) is capable of mediating cytotoxic response and gene regulation alone or in cooperation with @entity7 @entity7 . Addition of an anti- @entity6 polyclonal antiserum or anti- @entity6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) plus anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) led to cytotoxic response of @entity0 KYM-1 @entity3 cells. Anti- @entity6 mAb alone had no effect pointing out the importance of strong receptor stimulation for signal transduction into the cell. Simultaneous triggering of both the @entity7 and @entity6 @entity7 by agonistic Ab resulted in additive cytotoxic action on KYM-1 cells. The anti- @entity6 mAb 3H5, directed to a non-TNF binding site on the @entity0 @entity6 , was used to confirm further the ability of the @entity6 to potentiate @entity7 @entity7 -mediated cell death. While exhibiting no @entity2 by its own, 3H5 significantly augmented the cytotoxic effect of the anti- @entity7 mAb htr9 towards KYM-1 cells. Neither the anti- @entity6 @entity7 antiserum nor anti- @entity6 mAb were cytotoxic for @entity0 U937 cells suggesting that the cytolysis resulting from @entity6 cross-linking is cell specific. Noteworthy, stimulation of the @entity6 @entity7 with mAb plus anti-Ig or polyclonal antiserum led to a marked enhancement of the @entity7 @entity7 -induced U937 cell death, indicating collaboration between the two @entity7 in induction of @entity2 also in this cell line. However, 3H5 mAb did not affect the ability of anti- @entity7 mAb to lyse U937 cells. Altogether, these data demonstrate the difference between KYM-1 and U937 cell lines with respect to the role for the @entity6 in mediating @entity2 . Both @entity7 were found to mediate cytomegalovirus ( @entity5 ) promoter activation in @entity0 SW480T-beta Gal cells and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) induction in this cell line as well as in KYM-1 cells. It was demonstrated for the first time that independent stimulation of both @entity7 resulted in an additive effect on the @entity5 promoter activation and induction of the @entity4 . Taken together, these results indicate that the @entity6 induces @entity2 in a cell-specific manner and potentiates @entity7 @entity7 -mediated cytotoxic response and gene regulation.

title: Involvement of the @entity1 necrosis factor receptor @entity6 in mediating XXXX and gene regulating activities.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Using agonistic antibodies (Ab) we have examined whether the 75-kDa chain of the @entity1 necrosis factor receptor @entity6 ) is capable of mediating cytotoxic response and gene regulation alone or in cooperation with @entity7 @entity7 . Addition of an anti- @entity6 polyclonal antiserum or anti- @entity6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) plus anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) led to cytotoxic response of @entity0 KYM-1 @entity3 cells. Anti- @entity6 mAb alone had no effect pointing out the importance of strong receptor stimulation for signal transduction into the cell. Simultaneous triggering of both the @entity7 and @entity6 @entity7 by agonistic Ab resulted in additive cytotoxic action on KYM-1 cells. The anti- @entity6 mAb 3H5, directed to a non-TNF binding site on the @entity0 @entity6 , was used to confirm further the ability of the @entity6 to potentiate @entity7 @entity7 -mediated cell death. While exhibiting no @entity2 by its own, 3H5 significantly augmented the cytotoxic effect of the anti- @entity7 mAb htr9 towards KYM-1 cells. Neither the anti- @entity6 @entity7 antiserum nor anti- @entity6 mAb were cytotoxic for @entity0 U937 cells suggesting that the cytolysis resulting from @entity6 cross-linking is cell specific. Noteworthy, stimulation of the @entity6 @entity7 with mAb plus anti-Ig or polyclonal antiserum led to a marked enhancement of the @entity7 @entity7 -induced U937 cell death, indicating collaboration between the two @entity7 in induction of @entity2 also in this cell line. However, 3H5 mAb did not affect the ability of anti- @entity7 mAb to lyse U937 cells. Altogether, these data demonstrate the difference between KYM-1 and U937 cell lines with respect to the role for the @entity6 in mediating @entity2 . Both @entity7 were found to mediate cytomegalovirus ( @entity5 ) promoter activation in @entity0 SW480T-beta Gal cells and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) induction in this cell line as well as in KYM-1 cells. It was demonstrated for the first time that independent stimulation of both @entity7 resulted in an additive effect on the @entity5 promoter activation and induction of the @entity4 . Taken together, these results indicate that the @entity6 induces @entity2 in a cell-specific manner and potentiates @entity7 @entity7 -mediated cytotoxic response and gene regulation.

title: Involvement of the XXXX necrosis factor receptor @entity6 in mediating @entity2 and gene regulating activities.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Using agonistic antibodies (Ab) we have examined whether the 75-kDa chain of the @entity1 necrosis factor receptor @entity6 ) is capable of mediating cytotoxic response and gene regulation alone or in cooperation with @entity7 @entity7 . Addition of an anti- @entity6 polyclonal antiserum or anti- @entity6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) plus anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) led to cytotoxic response of @entity0 KYM-1 @entity3 cells. Anti- @entity6 mAb alone had no effect pointing out the importance of strong receptor stimulation for signal transduction into the cell. Simultaneous triggering of both the @entity7 and @entity6 @entity7 by agonistic Ab resulted in additive cytotoxic action on KYM-1 cells. The anti- @entity6 mAb 3H5, directed to a non-TNF binding site on the @entity0 @entity6 , was used to confirm further the ability of the @entity6 to potentiate @entity7 @entity7 -mediated cell death. While exhibiting no @entity2 by its own, 3H5 significantly augmented the cytotoxic effect of the anti- @entity7 mAb htr9 towards KYM-1 cells. Neither the anti- @entity6 @entity7 antiserum nor anti- @entity6 mAb were cytotoxic for @entity0 U937 cells suggesting that the cytolysis resulting from @entity6 cross-linking is cell specific. Noteworthy, stimulation of the @entity6 @entity7 with mAb plus anti-Ig or polyclonal antiserum led to a marked enhancement of the @entity7 @entity7 -induced U937 cell death, indicating collaboration between the two @entity7 in induction of @entity2 also in this cell line. However, 3H5 mAb did not affect the ability of anti- @entity7 mAb to lyse U937 cells. Altogether, these data demonstrate the difference between KYM-1 and U937 cell lines with respect to the role for the @entity6 in mediating @entity2 . Both @entity7 were found to mediate cytomegalovirus ( @entity5 ) promoter activation in @entity0 SW480T-beta Gal cells and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) induction in this cell line as well as in KYM-1 cells. It was demonstrated for the first time that independent stimulation of both @entity7 resulted in an additive effect on the @entity5 promoter activation and induction of the @entity4 . Taken together, these results indicate that the @entity6 induces @entity2 in a cell-specific manner and potentiates @entity7 @entity7 -mediated cytotoxic response and gene regulation.

title: Involvement of the @entity1 necrosis factor receptor XXXX in mediating @entity2 and gene regulating activities.

answer: @entity6


abstract: This study describes the occurrence of @entity1 among 1353 newly diagnosed cases of @entity4 . Renal function was evaluated by serum @entity2 concentration in 1353 cases, 31% of whom had @entity1 at the time of diagnosis. In 1206 cases an estimation of @entity2 clearance was made. When @entity1 was defined by using @entity2 clearance estimation, 49% had @entity1 at the time of diagnosis. @entity1 was present in 24% of @entity0 with an M component of IgG-, 31% of IgA- and 100% of IgD-type. 52% of @entity0 with light chain disease had @entity1 . The frequency of @entity1 was similar in lambda- and kappa-light chain disease. @entity0 with a high excretion of Bence Jones protein in the urine (> 10 g/24 h) had @entity1 significantly more often than @entity0 with lower excretion. @entity1 was related to @entity3 ; 41% of @entity0 with stage III (Durie-Salmon) disease had @entity1 . @entity1 was found in 45% of @entity0 with hypercalcaemia. When estimated @entity2 clearance was used as a predictor of renal function, the same trends were found as mentioned above. In addition, the proportion of @entity0 with @entity1 was found to increase with advancing age.

title: Renal function in newly diagnosed XXXX --a demographic study of 1353 @entity0 . The @entity4 Study Group.

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study describes the occurrence of @entity1 among 1353 newly diagnosed cases of @entity4 . Renal function was evaluated by serum @entity2 concentration in 1353 cases, 31% of whom had @entity1 at the time of diagnosis. In 1206 cases an estimation of @entity2 clearance was made. When @entity1 was defined by using @entity2 clearance estimation, 49% had @entity1 at the time of diagnosis. @entity1 was present in 24% of @entity0 with an M component of IgG-, 31% of IgA- and 100% of IgD-type. 52% of @entity0 with light chain disease had @entity1 . The frequency of @entity1 was similar in lambda- and kappa-light chain disease. @entity0 with a high excretion of Bence Jones protein in the urine (> 10 g/24 h) had @entity1 significantly more often than @entity0 with lower excretion. @entity1 was related to @entity3 ; 41% of @entity0 with stage III (Durie-Salmon) disease had @entity1 . @entity1 was found in 45% of @entity0 with hypercalcaemia. When estimated @entity2 clearance was used as a predictor of renal function, the same trends were found as mentioned above. In addition, the proportion of @entity0 with @entity1 was found to increase with advancing age.

title: Renal function in newly diagnosed @entity4 --a demographic study of 1353 @entity0 . The XXXX Study Group.

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study describes the occurrence of @entity1 among 1353 newly diagnosed cases of @entity4 . Renal function was evaluated by serum @entity2 concentration in 1353 cases, 31% of whom had @entity1 at the time of diagnosis. In 1206 cases an estimation of @entity2 clearance was made. When @entity1 was defined by using @entity2 clearance estimation, 49% had @entity1 at the time of diagnosis. @entity1 was present in 24% of @entity0 with an M component of IgG-, 31% of IgA- and 100% of IgD-type. 52% of @entity0 with light chain disease had @entity1 . The frequency of @entity1 was similar in lambda- and kappa-light chain disease. @entity0 with a high excretion of Bence Jones protein in the urine (> 10 g/24 h) had @entity1 significantly more often than @entity0 with lower excretion. @entity1 was related to @entity3 ; 41% of @entity0 with stage III (Durie-Salmon) disease had @entity1 . @entity1 was found in 45% of @entity0 with hypercalcaemia. When estimated @entity2 clearance was used as a predictor of renal function, the same trends were found as mentioned above. In addition, the proportion of @entity0 with @entity1 was found to increase with advancing age.

title: Renal function in newly diagnosed @entity4 --a demographic study of 1353 XXXX . The @entity4 Study Group.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) market has evolved rapidly in recent years, with exploding growth in brands and product types; however, e-cigarette use among priority (sexual minority and low-income) populations and its relationship with smoking-cessation and @entity1 control policies have yet to be fully characterized. METHODS: The authors conducted a nationally representative online survey of 17,522 U.S. adults in 2013. @entity0 were drawn from GfK's KnowledgePanel  . @entity2 models were used to analyze relationships between e-cigarettes (awareness, ever use, current use) and cigarette smoking and cessation behaviors, @entity1 control policies, and demographics. Analyses were conducted in 2014. RESULTS: Approximately 15% of @entity0 reported ever use of e-cigarettes, 5.1% reported current use, and 34.5% of ever users reported current use. E-cigarette awareness was lower among @entity0 , minorities, and those with low education. Ever and current use of e-cigarettes was higher among current cigarette smokers, young adults, and those with low SES; both ever use and current use were correlated with current cigarette smoking status, particularly when combined with quit intentions or attempts. Lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender respondents had higher rates of ever use and current use. Ever use was lower in states with comprehensive smoking bans. No significant relationship between cigarette price and e-cigarette use was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Ongoing surveillance of e-cigarette use among subpopulation groups and monitoring their use for combustible cigarette cessation are needed. Important variations in the patterns and correlates of e-cigarette awareness and use exist among priority populations. These findings have implications for future e-cigarette policy decisions.

title: Electronic Cigarettes Among Priority Populations: Role of Smoking Cessation and XXXX Control Policies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 (B) is an important micronutrient for plant growth, but is toxic when levels are too high. This commonly occurs in environments with alkaline soils and relatively low rainfall, including many of the cereal growing regions of southern Australia. Four major @entity0 controlling tolerance to high soil B have been identified in the landrace @entity2 , Sahara 3771. Genes underlying two of the loci encode the B transporters @entity3 and @entity5 . RESULTS: We investigated sequence and expression level diversity in @entity3 and @entity5 across @entity2 germplasm, and identified five novel coding sequence alleles for @entity3 . Lines were identified containing either single or multiple copies of the Sahara @entity3 allele. We established that only the tandemly duplicated Sahara allele conferred B tolerance, and this duplicated allele was found only in a set of nine lines accessioned in Australian collections as Sahara 3763-3771. @entity5 coding sequences were highly conserved across @entity2 germplasm. We identified the likely causative SNP in the 5'UTR of Sahara @entity5 , and propose that the creation of a small upstream open reading frame interferes with @entity5 translation in Sahara 3771. Similar to @entity3 , the tolerant @entity5 allele was unique to the Sahara @entity2 accessions. We identified a new source of the 2H B tolerance allele controlling leaf symptom development, in the landrace Ethiopia 756. CONCLUSIONS: Ethiopia 756, as well as the cultivar Sloop Vic which carries both the 2H and @entity3 B tolerance alleles derived from Sahara 3771, may be valuable as alternative parents in breeding programs targeted to high soil B environments. There is significant diversity in B @entity1 tolerance among contemporary Australian @entity2 varieties but this is not related to variation at any of the four known B tolerance loci, indicating that novel, as yet undiscovered, sources of tolerance exist.

title: Diversity in @entity4 XXXX tolerance of Australian @entity2 ( @entity2 .) genotypes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 (B) is an important micronutrient for plant growth, but is toxic when levels are too high. This commonly occurs in environments with alkaline soils and relatively low rainfall, including many of the cereal growing regions of southern Australia. Four major @entity0 controlling tolerance to high soil B have been identified in the landrace @entity2 , Sahara 3771. Genes underlying two of the loci encode the B transporters @entity3 and @entity5 . RESULTS: We investigated sequence and expression level diversity in @entity3 and @entity5 across @entity2 germplasm, and identified five novel coding sequence alleles for @entity3 . Lines were identified containing either single or multiple copies of the Sahara @entity3 allele. We established that only the tandemly duplicated Sahara allele conferred B tolerance, and this duplicated allele was found only in a set of nine lines accessioned in Australian collections as Sahara 3763-3771. @entity5 coding sequences were highly conserved across @entity2 germplasm. We identified the likely causative SNP in the 5'UTR of Sahara @entity5 , and propose that the creation of a small upstream open reading frame interferes with @entity5 translation in Sahara 3771. Similar to @entity3 , the tolerant @entity5 allele was unique to the Sahara @entity2 accessions. We identified a new source of the 2H B tolerance allele controlling leaf symptom development, in the landrace Ethiopia 756. CONCLUSIONS: Ethiopia 756, as well as the cultivar Sloop Vic which carries both the 2H and @entity3 B tolerance alleles derived from Sahara 3771, may be valuable as alternative parents in breeding programs targeted to high soil B environments. There is significant diversity in B @entity1 tolerance among contemporary Australian @entity2 varieties but this is not related to variation at any of the four known B tolerance loci, indicating that novel, as yet undiscovered, sources of tolerance exist.

title: Diversity in @entity4 @entity1 tolerance of Australian XXXX ( @entity2 .) genotypes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 (B) is an important micronutrient for plant growth, but is toxic when levels are too high. This commonly occurs in environments with alkaline soils and relatively low rainfall, including many of the cereal growing regions of southern Australia. Four major @entity0 controlling tolerance to high soil B have been identified in the landrace @entity2 , Sahara 3771. Genes underlying two of the loci encode the B transporters @entity3 and @entity5 . RESULTS: We investigated sequence and expression level diversity in @entity3 and @entity5 across @entity2 germplasm, and identified five novel coding sequence alleles for @entity3 . Lines were identified containing either single or multiple copies of the Sahara @entity3 allele. We established that only the tandemly duplicated Sahara allele conferred B tolerance, and this duplicated allele was found only in a set of nine lines accessioned in Australian collections as Sahara 3763-3771. @entity5 coding sequences were highly conserved across @entity2 germplasm. We identified the likely causative SNP in the 5'UTR of Sahara @entity5 , and propose that the creation of a small upstream open reading frame interferes with @entity5 translation in Sahara 3771. Similar to @entity3 , the tolerant @entity5 allele was unique to the Sahara @entity2 accessions. We identified a new source of the 2H B tolerance allele controlling leaf symptom development, in the landrace Ethiopia 756. CONCLUSIONS: Ethiopia 756, as well as the cultivar Sloop Vic which carries both the 2H and @entity3 B tolerance alleles derived from Sahara 3771, may be valuable as alternative parents in breeding programs targeted to high soil B environments. There is significant diversity in B @entity1 tolerance among contemporary Australian @entity2 varieties but this is not related to variation at any of the four known B tolerance loci, indicating that novel, as yet undiscovered, sources of tolerance exist.

title: Diversity in @entity4 @entity1 tolerance of Australian @entity2 ( XXXX .) genotypes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 (B) is an important micronutrient for plant growth, but is toxic when levels are too high. This commonly occurs in environments with alkaline soils and relatively low rainfall, including many of the cereal growing regions of southern Australia. Four major @entity0 controlling tolerance to high soil B have been identified in the landrace @entity2 , Sahara 3771. Genes underlying two of the loci encode the B transporters @entity3 and @entity5 . RESULTS: We investigated sequence and expression level diversity in @entity3 and @entity5 across @entity2 germplasm, and identified five novel coding sequence alleles for @entity3 . Lines were identified containing either single or multiple copies of the Sahara @entity3 allele. We established that only the tandemly duplicated Sahara allele conferred B tolerance, and this duplicated allele was found only in a set of nine lines accessioned in Australian collections as Sahara 3763-3771. @entity5 coding sequences were highly conserved across @entity2 germplasm. We identified the likely causative SNP in the 5'UTR of Sahara @entity5 , and propose that the creation of a small upstream open reading frame interferes with @entity5 translation in Sahara 3771. Similar to @entity3 , the tolerant @entity5 allele was unique to the Sahara @entity2 accessions. We identified a new source of the 2H B tolerance allele controlling leaf symptom development, in the landrace Ethiopia 756. CONCLUSIONS: Ethiopia 756, as well as the cultivar Sloop Vic which carries both the 2H and @entity3 B tolerance alleles derived from Sahara 3771, may be valuable as alternative parents in breeding programs targeted to high soil B environments. There is significant diversity in B @entity1 tolerance among contemporary Australian @entity2 varieties but this is not related to variation at any of the four known B tolerance loci, indicating that novel, as yet undiscovered, sources of tolerance exist.

title: Diversity in XXXX @entity1 tolerance of Australian @entity2 ( @entity2 .) genotypes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is increasingly encountered in @entity0 . Early disease is associated with higher complication rate with increased incidence of surgical intervention. @entity0 AND METHODS: From January 2010 to June 2015, 25 @entity0 in the pediatric and adolescent age groups with @entity1 underwent surgical intervention in our center. They were classified into two groups. Group I included 15 @entity0 with @entity3 where 5 cases had left @entity11 underwent left colectomy, while 10 cases had @entity4 underwent total colectomy and anal mucosectomy with ileo-anal or ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with covering ileostomy. Group II included 10 cases with @entity2 where the indications for surgery were @entity13 in seven cases, fulminant @entity6 with @entity8 in one, perianal @entity7 and @entity12 in one, and @entity10 due to resistant intestinal @entity7 in one. RESULTS: Group I included eight males and seven females; mean age at surgery was 10.6  years. There were @entity5 in seven cases in the form of @entity9 and wound @entity6 in one, wound @entity6 in two, and recurrent @entity14 in four cases. Group II contained eight males and two females; mean age at surgery was 6.6  years. Two cases had recurrent symptoms after stricturoplasty. The mean length of time from diagnosis to surgery was 2.4  years (ranging from 6 to 36  months). CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary team is mandatory for proper management of @entity1 cases. The risk of the disease and the expected surgical complications determine the timing of surgical interference.

title: Surgical aspects of XXXX in pediatric and adolescent age groups.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7 gene regulates the circadian rhythm of various physiological functions. The expression of @entity7 gene has been shown to be attenuated by certain drugs, resulting in a @entity1 . @entity4 ( @entity5 ) is often used in combination with ophthalmic surgery, especially in trabeculectomy, a @entity3 surgical procedure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of @entity5 on @entity7 gene expression in fibroblasts, the target cells of @entity5 . Following @entity5 treatment, @entity9 mRNA levels was significantly decreased, whereas @entity10 , @entity8 , and @entity13 -erba mRNA levels were significantly increased in the @entity0 fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 cells. Microarray analysis was performed to explore of the gene(s) responsible for @entity5 -induced alteration of @entity7 gene expression, and identified @entity11 gene encoding glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a candidate. @entity5 suppressed the induction of @entity8 mRNA by @entity2 ( @entity6 ), ligand of GR, in NIH3T3 cells. @entity5 also modulated the @entity6 -driven circadian oscillations of @entity12 ::Luciferase bioluminescence in @entity0 -derived ocular fibroblasts. Our results demonstrate a previously unknown effect of @entity5 in GR signaling and the circadian @entity7 system. The present findings suggest that @entity5 combined with trabeculectomy could increase the risk for a local circadian @entity1 at the ocular surface.

title: XXXX modulates the circadian oscillation of @entity7 gene @entity12 expression through attenuating the glucocorticoid signaling in @entity0 fibroblasts.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7 gene regulates the circadian rhythm of various physiological functions. The expression of @entity7 gene has been shown to be attenuated by certain drugs, resulting in a @entity1 . @entity4 ( @entity5 ) is often used in combination with ophthalmic surgery, especially in trabeculectomy, a @entity3 surgical procedure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of @entity5 on @entity7 gene expression in fibroblasts, the target cells of @entity5 . Following @entity5 treatment, @entity9 mRNA levels was significantly decreased, whereas @entity10 , @entity8 , and @entity13 -erba mRNA levels were significantly increased in the @entity0 fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 cells. Microarray analysis was performed to explore of the gene(s) responsible for @entity5 -induced alteration of @entity7 gene expression, and identified @entity11 gene encoding glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a candidate. @entity5 suppressed the induction of @entity8 mRNA by @entity2 ( @entity6 ), ligand of GR, in NIH3T3 cells. @entity5 also modulated the @entity6 -driven circadian oscillations of @entity12 ::Luciferase bioluminescence in @entity0 -derived ocular fibroblasts. Our results demonstrate a previously unknown effect of @entity5 in GR signaling and the circadian @entity7 system. The present findings suggest that @entity5 combined with trabeculectomy could increase the risk for a local circadian @entity1 at the ocular surface.

title: @entity4 modulates the circadian oscillation of @entity7 gene XXXX expression through attenuating the glucocorticoid signaling in @entity0 fibroblasts.

answer: @entity12


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7 gene regulates the circadian rhythm of various physiological functions. The expression of @entity7 gene has been shown to be attenuated by certain drugs, resulting in a @entity1 . @entity4 ( @entity5 ) is often used in combination with ophthalmic surgery, especially in trabeculectomy, a @entity3 surgical procedure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of @entity5 on @entity7 gene expression in fibroblasts, the target cells of @entity5 . Following @entity5 treatment, @entity9 mRNA levels was significantly decreased, whereas @entity10 , @entity8 , and @entity13 -erba mRNA levels were significantly increased in the @entity0 fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 cells. Microarray analysis was performed to explore of the gene(s) responsible for @entity5 -induced alteration of @entity7 gene expression, and identified @entity11 gene encoding glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a candidate. @entity5 suppressed the induction of @entity8 mRNA by @entity2 ( @entity6 ), ligand of GR, in NIH3T3 cells. @entity5 also modulated the @entity6 -driven circadian oscillations of @entity12 ::Luciferase bioluminescence in @entity0 -derived ocular fibroblasts. Our results demonstrate a previously unknown effect of @entity5 in GR signaling and the circadian @entity7 system. The present findings suggest that @entity5 combined with trabeculectomy could increase the risk for a local circadian @entity1 at the ocular surface.

title: @entity4 modulates the circadian oscillation of XXXX gene @entity12 expression through attenuating the glucocorticoid signaling in @entity0 fibroblasts.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7 gene regulates the circadian rhythm of various physiological functions. The expression of @entity7 gene has been shown to be attenuated by certain drugs, resulting in a @entity1 . @entity4 ( @entity5 ) is often used in combination with ophthalmic surgery, especially in trabeculectomy, a @entity3 surgical procedure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of @entity5 on @entity7 gene expression in fibroblasts, the target cells of @entity5 . Following @entity5 treatment, @entity9 mRNA levels was significantly decreased, whereas @entity10 , @entity8 , and @entity13 -erba mRNA levels were significantly increased in the @entity0 fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 cells. Microarray analysis was performed to explore of the gene(s) responsible for @entity5 -induced alteration of @entity7 gene expression, and identified @entity11 gene encoding glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a candidate. @entity5 suppressed the induction of @entity8 mRNA by @entity2 ( @entity6 ), ligand of GR, in NIH3T3 cells. @entity5 also modulated the @entity6 -driven circadian oscillations of @entity12 ::Luciferase bioluminescence in @entity0 -derived ocular fibroblasts. Our results demonstrate a previously unknown effect of @entity5 in GR signaling and the circadian @entity7 system. The present findings suggest that @entity5 combined with trabeculectomy could increase the risk for a local circadian @entity1 at the ocular surface.

title: @entity4 modulates the circadian oscillation of @entity7 gene @entity12 expression through attenuating the glucocorticoid signaling in XXXX fibroblasts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pregnancy-related @entity2 is a major cause of maternal mortality. Pregnancy and the puerperium are associated with a fourfold to fivefold increased risk of @entity2 when compared with the nonpregnant state. The greatest time of risk is in the postpartum period. Diagnosis of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) during pregnancy can be challenging as many of the symptoms can be associated with normal pregnancy. Almost all @entity3 occurs in the left leg or iliac veins. Diagnostic procedures for @entity4 carry some exposure to radiation, although risks are low when compared with risks associated with an undiagnosed maternal PE. The anticoagulant of choice during pregnancy is low-molecular-weight heparin. Certain medical conditions require alternative approaches as management around the time of delivery. In @entity0 with @entity5 during pregnancy, anticoagulation should continue for at least 3 months and until at least 6 weeks postpartum. @entity1 Research (Part C), 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX in pregnancy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of escalating ticagrelor loading dose (LD) regimens in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). BACKGROUND: @entity0 with ST-segment elevation @entity1 undergoing PPCI frequently have suboptimal platelet inhibition in the early hours after ticagrelor LD. The use of high ticagrelor LD regimens has been hypothesized to optimize platelet inhibition in PPCI. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized study of escalating ticagrelor LD regimens (180 mg, 270 mg, or 360 mg) in PPCI (N  = 52). PK/PD analyses were performed before and 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h post-LD. PK assessments included exposure to @entity4 and its metabolite ( @entity6 ). PD assessments included @entity3 reaction units (PRU) measured by VerifyNow @entity3 and platelet reactivity index (PRI) measured by @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESULTS: Platelet reactivity was elevated during the first 2 h post-LD. There were no differences in PRU between groups during the study time course (p  = 0.179). There were no significant differences in PRU levels across groups at all time points, except at 1 h (p  = 0.017) where platelet reactivity was lowest with a 270-mg LD. No differences were found between the 180-mg and 360-mg groups (primary endpoint; p > 0.999). High on-treatment platelet reactivity rates were not different across groups, except at 1 hour (p = 0.038). Parallel PD findings were observed with @entity5 -PRI. PK analysis showed a delay in ticagrelor absorption and generation of @entity6 , irrespective of dose. Although @entity2 was associated with a delay in ticagrelor PK/PD, it was not an independent predictor of high on-treatment platelet reactivity. CONCLUSIONS: ST-segment elevation @entity1 @entity0 undergoing PPCI frequently exhibit impaired response to ticagrelor in the early hours after drug administration, which cannot be overcome by increasing LD regimens. These PD findings are largely attributed to an impaired PK profile, indicating a delay in drug absorption compared with that reported in stable clinical settings. (High Ticagrelor Loading Dose in STEMI; NCT01898442).

title: Impact of Escalating Loading Dose Regimens of Ticagrelor in @entity0 With ST-Segment Elevation XXXX Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results of a Prospective Randomized Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Investigation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of escalating ticagrelor loading dose (LD) regimens in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). BACKGROUND: @entity0 with ST-segment elevation @entity1 undergoing PPCI frequently have suboptimal platelet inhibition in the early hours after ticagrelor LD. The use of high ticagrelor LD regimens has been hypothesized to optimize platelet inhibition in PPCI. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized study of escalating ticagrelor LD regimens (180 mg, 270 mg, or 360 mg) in PPCI (N  = 52). PK/PD analyses were performed before and 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h post-LD. PK assessments included exposure to @entity4 and its metabolite ( @entity6 ). PD assessments included @entity3 reaction units (PRU) measured by VerifyNow @entity3 and platelet reactivity index (PRI) measured by @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESULTS: Platelet reactivity was elevated during the first 2 h post-LD. There were no differences in PRU between groups during the study time course (p  = 0.179). There were no significant differences in PRU levels across groups at all time points, except at 1 h (p  = 0.017) where platelet reactivity was lowest with a 270-mg LD. No differences were found between the 180-mg and 360-mg groups (primary endpoint; p > 0.999). High on-treatment platelet reactivity rates were not different across groups, except at 1 hour (p = 0.038). Parallel PD findings were observed with @entity5 -PRI. PK analysis showed a delay in ticagrelor absorption and generation of @entity6 , irrespective of dose. Although @entity2 was associated with a delay in ticagrelor PK/PD, it was not an independent predictor of high on-treatment platelet reactivity. CONCLUSIONS: ST-segment elevation @entity1 @entity0 undergoing PPCI frequently exhibit impaired response to ticagrelor in the early hours after drug administration, which cannot be overcome by increasing LD regimens. These PD findings are largely attributed to an impaired PK profile, indicating a delay in drug absorption compared with that reported in stable clinical settings. (High Ticagrelor Loading Dose in STEMI; NCT01898442).

title: Impact of Escalating Loading Dose Regimens of Ticagrelor in XXXX With ST-Segment Elevation @entity1 Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results of a Prospective Randomized Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Investigation.

answer: @entity0