abstract: @entity2 , @entity3 , and an altered host defense make the @entity1 @entity0 particularly prone to the development of @entity7 . Successful treatment must be directed at these three primary pathologic situations. Since a limb-threatening @entity4 carries a 25% risk of major amputation, early and prompt recognition and reporting of all foot problems are essential. @entity2 requires total rest of the injured part. An altered host defense requires knowledge of the bacteria involved and proper use of antibiotics. It requires strict adherence to sound surgical principles that ensure debridement of all necrotic material and adequate dependent drainage of the wound while conserving as much viable skin and tissue for later revision or conservative amputations. Once @entity5 is controlled, @entity3 extremities can be revascularized. Because of the peculiar nature of the @entity6 , revascularization procedures require the maximum skill and experience of the operating vascular surgeon. After revascularization, revisions or more conservative distal amputations can be achieved. @entity0 and physician education and understanding still remain essential not only to prevention but to successful management of all @entity1 foot-related problems.

title: The @entity1 foot: amputations and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A retrospective review of Mayo Clinic records through 1983 revealed 84 @entity0 (24 male and 10 female; mean age, 41 years) with the diagnosis of @entity4 . The major clinical features were @entity6 , cough, fever, and @entity5 . Chest roentgenograms usually showed bilateral symmetric alveolar infiltrates, but asymmetric, unilateral, and chronic patchy patterns were also noted. Diagnosis was established by thoracotomy-lung biopsy in 26 @entity0 . Histologic analysis revealed uniform filling of the alveoli by periodic acid-Schiff-positive material and maintenance of normal alveolar architecture. Electron microscopy showed enlarged alveolar macrophages with lamellar osmiophilic inclusions, dense granules, and myeloid bodies. Of the 21 @entity0 who underwent therapeutic bronchoalveolar lavage, 13 had no recurrence of the disease during a mean follow-up of 8.8 years. In @entity0 who underwent pulmonary function testing both before and after lavage, significant @entity1 present before the procedure were alleviated afterward. Three @entity2 occurred among the 34 @entity0 . @entity4 may result from defective clearance of phospholipids by the alveolar macrophages, excessive production of phospholipids by type II pneumocytes, or both. It is likely a nonspecific response to a variety of injuries to the alveolar macrophage or type II pneumocyte or both, including exposure to certain dusts and chemicals and occurrence of @entity7 or @entity3 . The uncommon occurrence of this disorder suggests individual susceptibility.

title: XXXX : experience with 34 cases and a review.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Most @entity3 can affect the central nervous system (CNS). In the vast majority of cases, however, the @entity1 is present at the time of first CNS manifestations. Certain of these diseases, including @entity5 , @entity13 , @entity2 , @entity11 and @entity7 can present with CNS findings in the absence of any peripheral evidence of the underlying process. The CNS presentations of these and the other @entity3 which may affect the CNS are discussed. Isolated @entity10 may be due to @entity12 ( @entity12 ) or delayed contralateral @entity4 following HZO. These are distinct clinical entities which can be differentiated by clinical and angiographic findings. The former is often severe and diffuse in nature, whereas the latter is usually milder and more focal. There are few if any peripheral findings in either syndrome. The cause of @entity12 is unknown, but the @entity4 following HZO is clearly due to a virus-induced @entity6 spread from the overlying Gasserian nucleus; the history of preceding herpes @entity9 strongly suggests the diagnosis. The collected evidence suggests that an aggressive evaluation, including meningeal biopsy, and early therapy with @entity0 (and perhaps cytotoxic agents) can alter the prognosis in @entity12 . It is not clear that @entity4 following HZO requires treatment. @entity12 and HZO-associated CNS damage should be considered in the differential diagnosis of isolated @entity8 in the absence of history, signs, or laboratory abnormalities suggestive of @entity1 .

title: The neurologic presentation of XXXX . A review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Thrombolytic therapy has been shown to be effective in reopening totally occluded arteries in @entity4 . @entity3 is also believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of @entity7 and non-Q wave @entity6 . However, few @entity0 with these two acute @entity3 have been treated with intracoronary streptokinase. Therefore, 100,000 to 300,000 IU (mean 177,000 +/- 80,000 IU) of intracoronary streptokinase was infused into 36 consecutive catheterized @entity0 who either presented with an acute episode of @entity7 or had had a recent non-Q wave @entity6 and in whom a less than 100% occluded @entity1 -producing artery could be identified. Qualitative techniques utilizing vessel magnification and quantitative analysis with digital subtraction were performed on the @entity1 -producing coronary lesion before and immediately after streptokinase therapy and 3 to 10 days later in 18 @entity0 who were restudied at the time of transluminal coronary angioplasty. Before streptokinase treatment, 24 (67%) of 36 @entity1 -producing arteries contained eccentric, irregular lesions. The percent diameter stenosis and percent area stenosis in all @entity1 -producing arteries averaged 83.8 +/- 8.3% and 94.8 +/- 3.3%, respectively. After streptokinase treatment there were 23 arteries (64%) with @entity2 . The percent diameter stenosis and percent area stenosis in all @entity1 -producing arteries were similar to pre-streptokinase values (82.9 +/- 5.9% and 93.8 +/- 4.0%, respectively). At restudy, there were also no significant changes in any quantitative or qualitative variable. Five individual @entity0 showed a significant reduction in percent stenosis after streptokinase. This improvement was independent of duration of symptoms, use of heparin before angiography, streptokinase dose or reduction of @entity8 levels post-streptokinase. Two additional @entity0 deteriorated clinically and developed total occlusion of the @entity1 -producing artery within 12 hours of streptokinase infusion. These data suggest that intracoronary streptokinase may be of limited utility in either @entity7 or recent non-Q wave @entity6 with a less than 100% occluded @entity1 -producing artery. In these syndromes, @entity5 may be organized or short infusions may be given too late to be effective. In some cases, @entity5 may even be absent. Whether longer infusion of streptokinase or other thrombolytic agents will be of benefit remains to be determined.

title: Quantitative and qualitative effects of intracoronary streptokinase in @entity7 and non-Q wave XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Thrombolytic therapy has been shown to be effective in reopening totally occluded arteries in @entity4 . @entity3 is also believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of @entity7 and non-Q wave @entity6 . However, few @entity0 with these two acute @entity3 have been treated with intracoronary streptokinase. Therefore, 100,000 to 300,000 IU (mean 177,000 +/- 80,000 IU) of intracoronary streptokinase was infused into 36 consecutive catheterized @entity0 who either presented with an acute episode of @entity7 or had had a recent non-Q wave @entity6 and in whom a less than 100% occluded @entity1 -producing artery could be identified. Qualitative techniques utilizing vessel magnification and quantitative analysis with digital subtraction were performed on the @entity1 -producing coronary lesion before and immediately after streptokinase therapy and 3 to 10 days later in 18 @entity0 who were restudied at the time of transluminal coronary angioplasty. Before streptokinase treatment, 24 (67%) of 36 @entity1 -producing arteries contained eccentric, irregular lesions. The percent diameter stenosis and percent area stenosis in all @entity1 -producing arteries averaged 83.8 +/- 8.3% and 94.8 +/- 3.3%, respectively. After streptokinase treatment there were 23 arteries (64%) with @entity2 . The percent diameter stenosis and percent area stenosis in all @entity1 -producing arteries were similar to pre-streptokinase values (82.9 +/- 5.9% and 93.8 +/- 4.0%, respectively). At restudy, there were also no significant changes in any quantitative or qualitative variable. Five individual @entity0 showed a significant reduction in percent stenosis after streptokinase. This improvement was independent of duration of symptoms, use of heparin before angiography, streptokinase dose or reduction of @entity8 levels post-streptokinase. Two additional @entity0 deteriorated clinically and developed total occlusion of the @entity1 -producing artery within 12 hours of streptokinase infusion. These data suggest that intracoronary streptokinase may be of limited utility in either @entity7 or recent non-Q wave @entity6 with a less than 100% occluded @entity1 -producing artery. In these syndromes, @entity5 may be organized or short infusions may be given too late to be effective. In some cases, @entity5 may even be absent. Whether longer infusion of streptokinase or other thrombolytic agents will be of benefit remains to be determined.

title: Quantitative and qualitative effects of intracoronary streptokinase in XXXX and non-Q wave @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity5 irradiation in the initial management of high-grade malignant @entity1 has now become standard. The addition of conventional chemotherapy to irradiation has not significantly improved median survival beyond 1 year. We treated 25 consecutive @entity0 (13 pilot @entity0 and 12 protocol @entity0 ) with histologically confirmed unresectable grade 3 or 4 @entity2 with high-dose BCNU ( @entity13 ) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation and whole brain irradiation. Within 3 weeks of initial surgery, each @entity0 had autologous bone marrow stored (median 2 X 10(8) nucleated cells/kg), and then received BCNU 1,050 mg/m2 intravenously (IV). Peripheral granulocytes recovered (greater than 500/microL) at a median of 19 days (range, 10 to 37 days), and platelets recovered (greater than 20,000/microL) at a median of 18 days (range, 13 to 40 days), following bone marrow infusion. @entity0 received 60 Gy whole brain irradiation when granulocytes were greater than 1,500/microL. @entity4 was well tolerated. @entity7 occurred in 19 @entity0 (76%); however, only eight @entity0 (32%) experienced @entity8 (mild in three, moderate in five). Eleven @entity0 (44%) did not require empiric antibiotics, six of whom never developed an absolute granulocyte count less than 500/microL. Three @entity0 with a poor performance status died early (one @entity9 with @entity8 and @entity11 ; one, @entity6 (UTI) with @entity12 ; one, @entity3 ), and one additional @entity0 who was performing well died of @entity10 . The 13 pilot @entity0 have now been followed for a median of 23 months, with a significant survival advantage compared with the 52 consecutive historical control @entity0 who received similar surgery and radiotherapy without high-dose BCNU (P = .037). The overall study group of 25 @entity0 also has a significant survival advantage when compared with the same historical control group, with a projected median survival of 26 months (P = .007). This new approach using early postoperative intensive therapy consisting of high-dose BCNU, autologous bone marrow transplantation, and whole brain irradiation appears to significantly improve survival.

title: Prolongation of survival for high-grade XXXX with adjuvant high-dose BCNU and autologous bone marrow transplantation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of @entity10 (AI) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) on ring segments of femoral arteries from spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) and normotensive @entity0 -Kyoto @entity0 (WKY) were studied. AI and @entity4 elicited significantly greater direct contractile response in arteries from SHR than those from WKY. These peptides also potentiated the contractile response to @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in both preparations, but to a greater extent in those of WKY than SHR, without potentiating the contractile response to exogenous @entity3 (NE). The potentiation of the @entity2 response and direct contraction caused by AI were markedly attenuated by @entity8 , an AI-converting enzyme inhibitor. Destruction of endothelium failed to alter the contractile response to AI in both WKY and SHR but augmented that to @entity4 in WKY. @entity5 and @entity6 produced significant potentiation of @entity2 response only in arteries of SHR. @entity7 and @entity9 alpha potentiated @entity2 response to a similar extent in arteries of WKY and SHR. These results suggest that @entity4 locally generated from AI can act postsynaptically to cause contraction and presynaptically to promote adrenergic neurotransmission in the isolated @entity0 femoral artery. The AI to @entity4 conversion appears to take place mainly at sites other than endothelial cells. The postsynaptic effect of @entity4 is greater in SHR than WKY, but its presynaptic effect is diminished in SHR unlike some other agents which facilitate adrenergic neurotransmission, and unlike that in mesenteric arteries of SHR.

title: Pre- and postsynaptic effects of angiotensins in the femoral artery of spontaneously XXXX and @entity0 -Kyoto @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effects of @entity10 (AI) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) on ring segments of femoral arteries from spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) and normotensive @entity0 -Kyoto @entity0 (WKY) were studied. AI and @entity4 elicited significantly greater direct contractile response in arteries from SHR than those from WKY. These peptides also potentiated the contractile response to @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in both preparations, but to a greater extent in those of WKY than SHR, without potentiating the contractile response to exogenous @entity3 (NE). The potentiation of the @entity2 response and direct contraction caused by AI were markedly attenuated by @entity8 , an AI-converting enzyme inhibitor. Destruction of endothelium failed to alter the contractile response to AI in both WKY and SHR but augmented that to @entity4 in WKY. @entity5 and @entity6 produced significant potentiation of @entity2 response only in arteries of SHR. @entity7 and @entity9 alpha potentiated @entity2 response to a similar extent in arteries of WKY and SHR. These results suggest that @entity4 locally generated from AI can act postsynaptically to cause contraction and presynaptically to promote adrenergic neurotransmission in the isolated @entity0 femoral artery. The AI to @entity4 conversion appears to take place mainly at sites other than endothelial cells. The postsynaptic effect of @entity4 is greater in SHR than WKY, but its presynaptic effect is diminished in SHR unlike some other agents which facilitate adrenergic neurotransmission, and unlike that in mesenteric arteries of SHR.

title: Pre- and postsynaptic effects of angiotensins in the femoral artery of spontaneously @entity1 and XXXX -Kyoto @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effects of @entity10 (AI) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) on ring segments of femoral arteries from spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) and normotensive @entity0 -Kyoto @entity0 (WKY) were studied. AI and @entity4 elicited significantly greater direct contractile response in arteries from SHR than those from WKY. These peptides also potentiated the contractile response to @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in both preparations, but to a greater extent in those of WKY than SHR, without potentiating the contractile response to exogenous @entity3 (NE). The potentiation of the @entity2 response and direct contraction caused by AI were markedly attenuated by @entity8 , an AI-converting enzyme inhibitor. Destruction of endothelium failed to alter the contractile response to AI in both WKY and SHR but augmented that to @entity4 in WKY. @entity5 and @entity6 produced significant potentiation of @entity2 response only in arteries of SHR. @entity7 and @entity9 alpha potentiated @entity2 response to a similar extent in arteries of WKY and SHR. These results suggest that @entity4 locally generated from AI can act postsynaptically to cause contraction and presynaptically to promote adrenergic neurotransmission in the isolated @entity0 femoral artery. The AI to @entity4 conversion appears to take place mainly at sites other than endothelial cells. The postsynaptic effect of @entity4 is greater in SHR than WKY, but its presynaptic effect is diminished in SHR unlike some other agents which facilitate adrenergic neurotransmission, and unlike that in mesenteric arteries of SHR.

title: Pre- and postsynaptic effects of angiotensins in the femoral artery of spontaneously @entity1 and @entity0 -Kyoto XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Syngeneic monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced to B16 @entity3 by hybridization of spleen cells from B16-F1 or B16-F10 @entity0 -bearing C57BL/6J mice. Two antigens were identified by the immunofluorescence reactions of anti-F1 MAbs, 2G10 ( @entity5 ) and 3C10 (IgM). Both antigens are membrane associated in 97-99% of fixed F1 and F10 cells and are cross-reactive with normal syngeneic thymocytes, and other normal and transformed cultured @entity1 cells. An anti-F10 Mab, 3E9 ( @entity4 ), reacts with a membrane antigen found in about 40% of F1 and F10 cells and in all transformed @entity1 cells tested, but was not found in normal cells. The 3C10 and 3E9 antigens are shed into the medium of cultured cells. 125I-Labeled membrane components of Mr 48,000 and 40,000 (3C10) and 25,000 (3E9) were immunoprecipitated. Some 3C10 immunoprecipitates also contained components of Mr 25,000 and 15,000. The three MAbs were tested for suppression of lung colonization by B16-F1 and B16-F10 metastatic variants in C57BL/6J @entity1 . MAbs were injected 1 day prior to and 1 week after injection of @entity0 cells. 2G10 was highly suppressive for both B16-F1 and @entity1 cells. 3C10 and 3E9 were suppressive for @entity1 cells but were nonsuppressive and enhancing for B16-F1 cells (P less than or equal to 0.05). A novel immunotherapy model was tested. Delayed @entity2 was selectively induced to the 3C10 MAb in C57BL/6J @entity1 by sensitization with lipid-conjugated purified MAb. Sensitized @entity1 were injected with B16 cells and MAb to determine whether a cellular reaction with cell bound MAb in vivo could be suppressive for @entity0 cells. The treatment was suppressive for B16-F1 lung colonies, but caused augmentation of lung colonies from @entity1 cells (P less than or equal to 0.05).

title: Suppression of B16 XXXX lung colonization by syngeneic monoclonal antibodies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Neural crest cells migrate during embryogenesis to give rise to segmented structures of the vertebrate peripheral nervous system: namely, the dorsal root @entity0 and the sympathetic chain. However, neural crest cell arise from the dorsal neural tube where they are apparently unsegmented. It is generally agreed that the somites impose segmentation on migrating crest cells, but there is a disagreement about two basic questions: exactly pathways do neural crest cells use to move through or around somites, and do neural crest cells actively migrate or are they passively dispersed by the movement of somite cells? The answers to both questions are critically important to any further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the precise distribution of the neural crest cells that develop into @entity0 . We have done an exhaustive study of the locations of neural crest cells in @entity1 embryos during early stages of their movement, using antibodies to neural crest cells (HNK-1), to neural filament-associated protein in growing nerve processes (E/C8), and to the extracellular matrix molecule @entity2 . Our results show that Some neural crest cells invade the extracellular space between adjacent somites, but the apparent majority move into the somites themselves along the border between the dermatome/myotome (DM) and the sclerotome. Neural crest cells remain closely associated with the anterior half of the DM of developing somites as they travel, suggesting that the basal lamina of the DM may be used as a migratory substratum. Supporting this idea is our observation that the development of the DM basal lamina coincides in time and location with the onset of crest migration through the somite. The leading front of neural crest cells advance through the somite while the length of the DM pathway remains constant, suggesting active locomotion, at least in this early phase of development. Neural crest cells leave the DM at a later stage of development to associate with the dorsal aorta, where sympathetic @entity0 form, and to associate with newly emerging fibers of the ventral root nerve, where they presumably give rise to neuronal supportive cells. Thus we propose that the establishment of the segmental pattern of the peripheral @entity0 and nerves depends on the timely development of appropriate substrata to guide and distribute migrating neural crest cells during the early stages of embryogenesis.

title: Neural crest cell migratory pathways in the trunk of the XXXX embryo.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Intolerance to analgesics is common in @entity0 with @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity1 . Symptoms of intolerance resemble those of @entity5 , but the events precipitating them can rarely be traced to reactions between the drug and a specific antibody or sensitised T-lymphocytes. In 8 to 20% of adult asthmatics, aspirin and several other analgesics provoke @entity6 attacks, probably through inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase. This is a distinct and important clinical syndrome with a specific history, course and clinical presentation and a number of unique peculiarities which still require elucidation at the biochemical level. Up to 40% of @entity0 with chronic @entity1 develop an obvious increase in weals and swelling after taking @entity2 . These reactions occur only when @entity1 is active, and though the reason for them is not known, it appears that different mechanisms may be responsible in different @entity0 . Skin reactions other than exacerbation of chronic @entity1 are less common, but may create serious clinical problems. The clinical background of a @entity0 often determines the type of adverse response to an analgesic. Thus, in certain individuals, analgesics can produce anaphylactic reactions and/or @entity1 , probably through an immunological mechanism, while in some asthmatics they precipitate bronchoconstriction, probably through inhibition of bronchial cyclooxygenase. Study of untoward reactions to analgesics not only leads to safer pharmacotherapy, but it also offers a fascinating model for better understanding of some diseases.

title: Analgesics, XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Intolerance to analgesics is common in @entity0 with @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity1 . Symptoms of intolerance resemble those of @entity5 , but the events precipitating them can rarely be traced to reactions between the drug and a specific antibody or sensitised T-lymphocytes. In 8 to 20% of adult asthmatics, aspirin and several other analgesics provoke @entity6 attacks, probably through inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase. This is a distinct and important clinical syndrome with a specific history, course and clinical presentation and a number of unique peculiarities which still require elucidation at the biochemical level. Up to 40% of @entity0 with chronic @entity1 develop an obvious increase in weals and swelling after taking @entity2 . These reactions occur only when @entity1 is active, and though the reason for them is not known, it appears that different mechanisms may be responsible in different @entity0 . Skin reactions other than exacerbation of chronic @entity1 are less common, but may create serious clinical problems. The clinical background of a @entity0 often determines the type of adverse response to an analgesic. Thus, in certain individuals, analgesics can produce anaphylactic reactions and/or @entity1 , probably through an immunological mechanism, while in some asthmatics they precipitate bronchoconstriction, probably through inhibition of bronchial cyclooxygenase. Study of untoward reactions to analgesics not only leads to safer pharmacotherapy, but it also offers a fascinating model for better understanding of some diseases.

title: Analgesics, @entity5 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: During this period, the number of deliveries was 28235. Our results contradict the wide spread opinion concerning the high risk of a pregnancy in a myomatose uterus. In two thirds of the cases, the pregnancies showed a normal course, this applying also to @entity0 nodes of 8 cm or more dimater. Threat of @entity1 was ovserved in 11 cases; in two cases @entity1 did occur. More than nine out of ten pregnancies reached the 38th week of gestation. Spontaneous delivery was twice as frequent as Caesarean section. This, however, does not apply to @entity0 nodes with diameters of 8 cm or more, in which case the frequency of Caesarean section represented 50%. Puerperium was normal in 47 cases; complications were observed in 13 cases due to retarded uterine retraction. In 2 out of 4 cases with @entity2 haemorrhage, curettage was performed. Pregnancies in a myomatose uterus are high-risk pregnancies which require close observation. Sonography plays an important role in such cases. One of the authors (D.) proposes high-dose gestagen treatment as a useful therapy when threat of abortion is observed in myomatose uteri. In cases of menacing @entity1 , hospitalisation and tocolysis are highly recommended.

title: [Conservative procedures in 64 pregnant patients with XXXX : the course of pregnancy, labor, and the puerperium].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Ninety-one @entity0 with @entity6 , who underwent posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation from January 1977 to December 1982, were reviewed. All @entity0 were 20 years or older at the time of surgery and none had undergone a prior surgical procedure. Indications for surgery included @entity1 , @entity4 . All @entity0 had a posterior spinal fusion with Harrington instrumentation and autogenous iliac bone graft, with the addition of segmental wiring in only eight. No @entity0 had an anterior fusion or fusion to the sacrum. Follow-up averaged 3.5 years (range: 2-7 years). The average correction at the time of surgery was 38%, and 32% at the time of last follow-up. Seventy-nine percent of the @entity0 reported complete relief of the symptom(s) for which they had surgery. There were 34 complications in 30 (33%) @entity0 . @entity5 occurred in 14 (15%), requiring 15 additional procedures to achieve a solid arthrodesis. @entity3 occurred in 8 (9%) @entity0 and Harrington hook dislodgement in 5 (5%). One @entity0 sustained a partial paraparesis with recovery to a minimal deficit. No @entity2 occurred. Although largely successful, posterior fusion with Harrington instrumentation for adult scoliosis has a significant incidence of @entity5 and instrumentation problems.

title: Adult XXXX treated by posterior spinal fusion and Harrington instrumentation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Splenocytes sensitized in vitro to the H-2 allotype of a skin allograft have been shown to cause accelerated rejection of the skin allograft after adoptive transfer of the splenocytes. Treatment of the host with splenectomy or sublethal radiation did not alter the accelerated rejection. In the present study, @entity1 ( @entity2 ) given subcutaneously to @entity0 bearing 1 day old skin grafts prevented the rejection of the graft despite the adoptive transfer of sensitized cells. If the @entity2 was given for 14 days at 50 mg/kg every other day, the grafts were rejected an average of 6 days after the cessation of @entity2 . If the @entity2 was given for 20 days 50 mg/kg every other day, the grafts were not rejected even after cessation of @entity2 . When no sensitized cells were given, the same pattern resulted; that is, when a 14 day course of @entity2 was given the grafts were rejected after cessation of the @entity2 but when a 20-d course was given, the grafts were not rejected even after the @entity2 was stopped. If splenocytes were sensitized in the presence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), they caused rejection of the skin allografts in animals even on treatment with @entity2 . We concluded that @entity2 can prevent skin allograft rejections in the @entity0 system. Moreover, the dose of @entity2 was critical, in that a longer course of @entity2 was necessary for tolerance. @entity2 further prevented the accelerated rejection of skin allografts by adoptive transfer of specifically sensitized splenocytes. Donor irradiation did not alter the effect of the @entity2 or of the adoptively transferred cells. @entity2 could not prevent the rejection of skin allografts when the adoptively transferred cells were sensitized to antigen in the presence of @entity3 .

title: Evidence that @entity1 does not inhibit allograft rejection by XXXX -treated sensitized splenocytes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Splenocytes sensitized in vitro to the H-2 allotype of a skin allograft have been shown to cause accelerated rejection of the skin allograft after adoptive transfer of the splenocytes. Treatment of the host with splenectomy or sublethal radiation did not alter the accelerated rejection. In the present study, @entity1 ( @entity2 ) given subcutaneously to @entity0 bearing 1 day old skin grafts prevented the rejection of the graft despite the adoptive transfer of sensitized cells. If the @entity2 was given for 14 days at 50 mg/kg every other day, the grafts were rejected an average of 6 days after the cessation of @entity2 . If the @entity2 was given for 20 days 50 mg/kg every other day, the grafts were not rejected even after cessation of @entity2 . When no sensitized cells were given, the same pattern resulted; that is, when a 14 day course of @entity2 was given the grafts were rejected after cessation of the @entity2 but when a 20-d course was given, the grafts were not rejected even after the @entity2 was stopped. If splenocytes were sensitized in the presence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), they caused rejection of the skin allografts in animals even on treatment with @entity2 . We concluded that @entity2 can prevent skin allograft rejections in the @entity0 system. Moreover, the dose of @entity2 was critical, in that a longer course of @entity2 was necessary for tolerance. @entity2 further prevented the accelerated rejection of skin allografts by adoptive transfer of specifically sensitized splenocytes. Donor irradiation did not alter the effect of the @entity2 or of the adoptively transferred cells. @entity2 could not prevent the rejection of skin allografts when the adoptively transferred cells were sensitized to antigen in the presence of @entity3 .

title: Evidence that XXXX does not inhibit allograft rejection by @entity3 -treated sensitized splenocytes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Arterioportal @entity2 (APFs) are usually traumatic in origin and may result in @entity1 and its complications. Over six years, six @entity0 (aged 20 to 59 years) presented with APFs. Two APFs developed after percutaneous liver biopsy, but only one was complicated ( @entity6 ). Neither @entity0 was treated operatively. Four APFs occurred two days to three years after gunshot wounds. Three @entity0 presented with gastrointestinal tract @entity3 . All @entity0 had abdominal bruits. Two @entity0 underwent primary repair. One @entity0 underwent APF resection and replacement of the superior mesenteric artery with autogenous vein. Another @entity0 underwent APF and bowel resection. Three @entity0 survived. One @entity0 died of @entity4 . The development of an abdominal bruit in a @entity0 with penetrating @entity5 suggests APF and should prompt angiography. Elective repair is recommended before complications of @entity1 develop.

title: Presentation and perioperative management of arterioportal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To determine whether the use of @entity6 / @entity7 before colectomy is associated with an increased rate of @entity4 . METHODS: All @entity0 who underwent colectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity3 for @entity1 between 1997 and 1999 were identified. Medical records were abstracted for demographics, extent and duration of disease, dose and duration of @entity5 and @entity6 / @entity7 , albumin, and Truelove/Witts score. Early (30-day) and late (6-month) complications were identified. Noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive use was coded as none, @entity6 / @entity7 within 1 week of surgery, or therapy with other immunosuppressive agents within 1 month of surgery. A logistic regression analysis assessed the association between these variables and complications. RESULTS: Early complications occurred in 49 of 151 (32%) @entity0 not treated with immunosuppressive agents, 12 of 46 (26%) @entity6 / @entity7 -treated @entity0 , and 4 of 12 (33%) @entity0 treated with other immunosuppressive agents (p = 0.71). Late complications occurred in 72 of 148 (49%), 20 of 46 (43%), and 8 of 12 (67%) @entity0 in these same groups, respectively. Intravenous or oral @entity2 at doses of 40 mg/d or greater (p < 0.01) and severe or fulminant disease (p = 0.0094) were associated with greater early complication rates. CONCLUSION: Early complications after restorative proctocolectomy for @entity1 are associated with high dose @entity2 and severe disease but not use of @entity6 / @entity7 .

title: XXXX or @entity7 before colectomy for @entity1 is not associated with @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIM: To determine whether the use of @entity6 / @entity7 before colectomy is associated with an increased rate of @entity4 . METHODS: All @entity0 who underwent colectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity3 for @entity1 between 1997 and 1999 were identified. Medical records were abstracted for demographics, extent and duration of disease, dose and duration of @entity5 and @entity6 / @entity7 , albumin, and Truelove/Witts score. Early (30-day) and late (6-month) complications were identified. Noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive use was coded as none, @entity6 / @entity7 within 1 week of surgery, or therapy with other immunosuppressive agents within 1 month of surgery. A logistic regression analysis assessed the association between these variables and complications. RESULTS: Early complications occurred in 49 of 151 (32%) @entity0 not treated with immunosuppressive agents, 12 of 46 (26%) @entity6 / @entity7 -treated @entity0 , and 4 of 12 (33%) @entity0 treated with other immunosuppressive agents (p = 0.71). Late complications occurred in 72 of 148 (49%), 20 of 46 (43%), and 8 of 12 (67%) @entity0 in these same groups, respectively. Intravenous or oral @entity2 at doses of 40 mg/d or greater (p < 0.01) and severe or fulminant disease (p = 0.0094) were associated with greater early complication rates. CONCLUSION: Early complications after restorative proctocolectomy for @entity1 are associated with high dose @entity2 and severe disease but not use of @entity6 / @entity7 .

title: @entity6 or @entity7 before colectomy for XXXX is not associated with @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To determine whether the use of @entity6 / @entity7 before colectomy is associated with an increased rate of @entity4 . METHODS: All @entity0 who underwent colectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity3 for @entity1 between 1997 and 1999 were identified. Medical records were abstracted for demographics, extent and duration of disease, dose and duration of @entity5 and @entity6 / @entity7 , albumin, and Truelove/Witts score. Early (30-day) and late (6-month) complications were identified. Noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive use was coded as none, @entity6 / @entity7 within 1 week of surgery, or therapy with other immunosuppressive agents within 1 month of surgery. A logistic regression analysis assessed the association between these variables and complications. RESULTS: Early complications occurred in 49 of 151 (32%) @entity0 not treated with immunosuppressive agents, 12 of 46 (26%) @entity6 / @entity7 -treated @entity0 , and 4 of 12 (33%) @entity0 treated with other immunosuppressive agents (p = 0.71). Late complications occurred in 72 of 148 (49%), 20 of 46 (43%), and 8 of 12 (67%) @entity0 in these same groups, respectively. Intravenous or oral @entity2 at doses of 40 mg/d or greater (p < 0.01) and severe or fulminant disease (p = 0.0094) were associated with greater early complication rates. CONCLUSION: Early complications after restorative proctocolectomy for @entity1 are associated with high dose @entity2 and severe disease but not use of @entity6 / @entity7 .

title: @entity6 or @entity7 before colectomy for @entity1 is not associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: To determine whether the use of @entity6 / @entity7 before colectomy is associated with an increased rate of @entity4 . METHODS: All @entity0 who underwent colectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity3 for @entity1 between 1997 and 1999 were identified. Medical records were abstracted for demographics, extent and duration of disease, dose and duration of @entity5 and @entity6 / @entity7 , albumin, and Truelove/Witts score. Early (30-day) and late (6-month) complications were identified. Noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive use was coded as none, @entity6 / @entity7 within 1 week of surgery, or therapy with other immunosuppressive agents within 1 month of surgery. A logistic regression analysis assessed the association between these variables and complications. RESULTS: Early complications occurred in 49 of 151 (32%) @entity0 not treated with immunosuppressive agents, 12 of 46 (26%) @entity6 / @entity7 -treated @entity0 , and 4 of 12 (33%) @entity0 treated with other immunosuppressive agents (p = 0.71). Late complications occurred in 72 of 148 (49%), 20 of 46 (43%), and 8 of 12 (67%) @entity0 in these same groups, respectively. Intravenous or oral @entity2 at doses of 40 mg/d or greater (p < 0.01) and severe or fulminant disease (p = 0.0094) were associated with greater early complication rates. CONCLUSION: Early complications after restorative proctocolectomy for @entity1 are associated with high dose @entity2 and severe disease but not use of @entity6 / @entity7 .

title: @entity6 or XXXX before colectomy for @entity1 is not associated with @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is one of the ten most common @entity1 in the developed world. The incidence has increased significantly over the past two decades and it is a particular burden in @entity0 over the age of 60 years. The gold standard for primary treatment of aggressive @entity9 is combination chemotherapy with @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity8 and @entity2 ( @entity10 ). Haematological growth factors, such as @entity6 ( @entity6 ), can be used to ameliorate chemotherapy-induced @entity7 , thus facilitating delivery of chemotherapy at the planned dose intensity. The International Prognostic Index is able to identify high-risk @entity0 who are unlikely to be cured with standard primary chemotherapy. In these @entity0 , the use of dose-intensive therapy, including high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell support, is being evaluated as potential primary therapy. Stem cell transplantation is currently the treatment of choice for @entity0 with relapsed @entity9 or those with chemosensitive refractory disease. Autologous peripheral blood stem cells mobilised into the circulation by @entity6 help achieve rapid haematological reconstitution and are now the preferred source of stem cells over bone marrow for this form of therapy. @entity6 is also used to support allogeneic transplantation, which exerts a therapeutic graft-versus- @entity4 effect. Administration of @entity6 following autologous or allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation accelerates neutrophil recovery.

title: Treatment of aggressive XXXX with chemotherapy in combination with filgrastim.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Intravenous @entity4 has proven to be an alternative to emergency colectomy in steroid-refractory @entity2 , whereas the experience with @entity9 is limited. In this report we compare intravenous to oral @entity9 treatment in 38 @entity0 with refractory ulcerative (n = 33) or indeterminate (n = 5) @entity10 . @entity9 was started intravenously in the first group (n = 18) at a dose of 0.01 to 0.02 mg/kg up to 14 days, followed by 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg orally, or was started orally at this dose in a second group (n = 20). Additional @entity8 / @entity11 was given and @entity5 were tapered in responding @entity0 , followed by a dose reduction of @entity9 . Clinical disease activity and laboratory parameters were assessed to evaluate efficacy and safety. Primary objectives were the induction of remission (Truelove index of mild) and colectomy-free survival. Treatment lasted for a mean of 7.6 months, and the mean observation period was 16.2 months. Eighteen of 38 @entity0 improved within 14 days, and a complete remission was achieved in 13 @entity0 after 1 month. A colectomy within 1 month was performed in 3 of 38 @entity0 . The overall colectomy rate was 34%. One-half of the @entity0 with a minimum follow-up of 2 years required a colectomy. Intravenous and per oral administration were equally safe and effective. The most frequent adverse events included @entity7 , @entity12 , @entity3 , and @entity6 , but none were severe. @entity1 was rare and subsided upon drug withdrawal. In conclusion. @entity9 is effective in the treatment of @entity10 with per oral dosing being equivalent to intravenous administration.

title: Response of @entity10 to intravenous or oral XXXX ( @entity9 ).

answer: @entity9


abstract: Intravenous @entity4 has proven to be an alternative to emergency colectomy in steroid-refractory @entity2 , whereas the experience with @entity9 is limited. In this report we compare intravenous to oral @entity9 treatment in 38 @entity0 with refractory ulcerative (n = 33) or indeterminate (n = 5) @entity10 . @entity9 was started intravenously in the first group (n = 18) at a dose of 0.01 to 0.02 mg/kg up to 14 days, followed by 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg orally, or was started orally at this dose in a second group (n = 20). Additional @entity8 / @entity11 was given and @entity5 were tapered in responding @entity0 , followed by a dose reduction of @entity9 . Clinical disease activity and laboratory parameters were assessed to evaluate efficacy and safety. Primary objectives were the induction of remission (Truelove index of mild) and colectomy-free survival. Treatment lasted for a mean of 7.6 months, and the mean observation period was 16.2 months. Eighteen of 38 @entity0 improved within 14 days, and a complete remission was achieved in 13 @entity0 after 1 month. A colectomy within 1 month was performed in 3 of 38 @entity0 . The overall colectomy rate was 34%. One-half of the @entity0 with a minimum follow-up of 2 years required a colectomy. Intravenous and per oral administration were equally safe and effective. The most frequent adverse events included @entity7 , @entity12 , @entity3 , and @entity6 , but none were severe. @entity1 was rare and subsided upon drug withdrawal. In conclusion. @entity9 is effective in the treatment of @entity10 with per oral dosing being equivalent to intravenous administration.

title: Response of @entity10 to intravenous or oral @entity9 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity9


abstract: Intravenous @entity4 has proven to be an alternative to emergency colectomy in steroid-refractory @entity2 , whereas the experience with @entity9 is limited. In this report we compare intravenous to oral @entity9 treatment in 38 @entity0 with refractory ulcerative (n = 33) or indeterminate (n = 5) @entity10 . @entity9 was started intravenously in the first group (n = 18) at a dose of 0.01 to 0.02 mg/kg up to 14 days, followed by 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg orally, or was started orally at this dose in a second group (n = 20). Additional @entity8 / @entity11 was given and @entity5 were tapered in responding @entity0 , followed by a dose reduction of @entity9 . Clinical disease activity and laboratory parameters were assessed to evaluate efficacy and safety. Primary objectives were the induction of remission (Truelove index of mild) and colectomy-free survival. Treatment lasted for a mean of 7.6 months, and the mean observation period was 16.2 months. Eighteen of 38 @entity0 improved within 14 days, and a complete remission was achieved in 13 @entity0 after 1 month. A colectomy within 1 month was performed in 3 of 38 @entity0 . The overall colectomy rate was 34%. One-half of the @entity0 with a minimum follow-up of 2 years required a colectomy. Intravenous and per oral administration were equally safe and effective. The most frequent adverse events included @entity7 , @entity12 , @entity3 , and @entity6 , but none were severe. @entity1 was rare and subsided upon drug withdrawal. In conclusion. @entity9 is effective in the treatment of @entity10 with per oral dosing being equivalent to intravenous administration.

title: Response of XXXX to intravenous or oral @entity9 ( @entity9 ).

answer: @entity10


abstract: This study reports 43 @entity0 (male: n = 17, female: n = 26) with non-Hodgkin's @entity5 , who underwent surgery between 1. January 1977 and 31. December 1986. The main clinical symptoms were @entity4 , @entity3 . Symptoms preceded diagnosis by 13 weeks. Barium meal and endoscopy were useful diagnostic procedures. The biopsy specimens indicated @entity1 in 80% of cases. Operations performed were: total gastrectomy (n = 18), distal resection (B I: n = 4, B II: n = 14), partial duodenopancreatectomy (n = 3), proximal gastric resection (n = 1), local excision (n = 1) and explorative laparotomy (n = 2). Perioperative mortality was 0%. @entity2 occurred in 1 @entity0 due to leakage of the duodenal stump. According to the Ann-Arbor system we found stage I in 19, stage II in 10 and stage III in 14 cases. The histological type according to the Working Formulation showed low grade of @entity1 in 15 and high grade of @entity1 in 28 @entity0 . All @entity0 underwent postoperative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with respect to @entity1 staging and morphology. 24 @entity0 are alive without relapse, 16 @entity0 died intercurrently. The data were collected retrospectively and analysed by means of Kaplan-Meier survival functions. For comparisons we used the Breslow and the Mantel test. We investigated the prognostic significance of: sex, clinical symptoms, localisation of the @entity1 , type and radicality of operation, lymphadenectomy, splenectomy, @entity6 , @entity1 size and depth of infiltration, staging and grading. The 2-year survival rate was 82%, the 5-year rate was 55%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Non-Hodgkin's XXXX : surgical therapy and prognosis].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The role of the cortico-tectal pathways in the processing of auditory signals was investigated by recording the click-evoked responses and extracellular multiple unit activity in the inferior colliculus (IC) after functional ablation of the auditory cortex (AC) by local intracortical application of a @entity2 channel blocker, @entity1 ( @entity3 ). Click-evoked IC responses (IC-ER) and multiple unit activity in response to tone bursts were recorded with implanted electrodes in the IC of @entity0 lightly anaesthetized with @entity4 . Neural activity was recorded before and after the application of @entity3 into the ipsilateral auditory cortex (AC) through three implanted cannulas in a total dose of 30 ng. The functional status of the AC was monitored by recording click-evoked middle latency responses from a ball electrode implanted on the AC. During inactivation of the AC, IC-ER amplitudes were either increased (48 % of the cases), decreased (32 % of the cases) or not evidently changed (20 % of the cases). Corresponding effects were observed in the firing rate of IC neurons. Functional ablation of the AC also resulted in a significant prolongation of the latencies of individual waves of the IC-ER. However, the discharge pattern of the multiple unit responses, response thresholds and tuning were not altered during AC inactivation. IC neural activity recovered within several hours, and maximally during 2 days. The results reveal principles of the interaction of cortico-tectal pathways with IC neuronal activity.

title: Changes in the acoustically evoked activity in the inferior colliculus of the XXXX after functional ablation of the auditory cortex.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To record the outcome, with regard to @entity1 rate, of @entity0 with rattlesnake bites (RSBs) who do not receive prophylactic antibiotics, a prospective observational study was performed of @entity0 with RSBs treated at our institution during a consecutive 18-month period. The inclusion criteria were RSBs <24 h old and completion of follow-up (telephone call, mail reply, medical toxicologist, or private physician examination) 7-10 days following @entity2 . Fifty-six consecutive @entity0 (Median age: 32.8 years [range 4-67 years]) were enrolled. One @entity0 was excluded because of presentation 38 h after @entity2 and two @entity0 failed to complete the required follow-up. One @entity0 received a dose of antibiotics before transfer. Antibiotics were discontinued upon arrival. Of the total 56 RSB @entity0 , 34 (61%) RSBs involved the upper extremity and 22 (39%) involved the lower extremity. Six @entity0 (11%) applied ice and two (4%) used a tourniquet before evaluation. The mean arrival time was 2.7 h (Range <1-24 h). Forty-three @entity0 (81%) received antivenin. Fifty-three @entity0 (100%) had extremity swelling and 38 @entity0 (72%) had tender proximal lymph nodes. Of the 53 @entity0 who completed the study, 3 (6%) received antibiotics from their primary care physicians at 7-10 day follow-up, with no cases (0%) of documented @entity1 . Prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated in @entity0 with rattlesnake bites.

title: Antibiotics after rattlesnake XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Hearing impairment in @entity0 is considered in its various aspects: medical, sociological, psychological, and educational. After a review of the aetiologies, the biological consequences of early auditory deprivation are underlined. The necessity of avoiding or reducing them justifies the efforts made to insure early diagnosis and adequate intervention. Screening and diagnostic techniques are described and illustrated by current results. The particular features of @entity3 , which stands out among other physical handicaps by the fact that it has given birth to a language, sign language, are stressed and the resulting socio-cultural implications are described. The relationships between @entity3 and @entity2 are treated so as to point out that there are no psychological features which characterize @entity3 , but that it can lead to several cognitive and behavioural consequences. The multiple interventions requested by a @entity0 's @entity1 are detailed, emphasizing that medical or surgical actions must be part of a team work. The physician is called upon to play an essential part in this work, which he can correctly fulfill only by taking into account the sociological, cultural, psychological, educational and prosthetic aspects. The principles of prosthetic adaptation and the different types of prosthetic devices are presented, with special mention of recent and prospective developments. After a historical survey of deaf education, the evolution of ideas and methods from 1972 to 1987 is related, and the presently utilized methods are described and discussed. The different educational structures and their respective merits are outlined, as well as the action in favour of deaf @entity0 and their families of social services and parental cooperation.

title: [The XXXX with defective hearing. Medical, educational, sociological and psychological aspects].

answer: @entity0


abstract: A successful regime for intramuscular injection of naked DNA is developed in fish, but the exploration of other ways of administration has not yet been studied in any detail. Immersion is a delivery route offering many advantages compared to conventional ways of administration. Applying cationic liposomes as a delivery system for DNA by this route, however, is met with severe @entity0 problems. In this report, the underlying mechanisms of the acute @entity0 were investigated in vivo and in vitro. The most critical factor was found to be the charge of the liposomes. Cationic liposomes above a certain threshold concentration had a lethal effect in @entity2 fry. In contrast, similar concentrations of neutral or anionic liposomes were not toxic. Furthermore, large liposome-mucin complexes were formed upon addition of mucin to cationic liposomes. This was not observed with neutral or anionic liposomes. Lipoplexes were less toxic and interacted less with mucin compared to cationic liposomes. Hence, the mechanism of the acute @entity0 in @entity2 fry is suggested to be an interaction between the cationic liposomes and anionic components of gill mucin. The consequence is @entity1 and this is most likely the cause of acute @entity0 observed in @entity2 fry.

title: Immersion delivery of plasmid DNA. I. A study of the potentials of a liposomal delivery system in XXXX ( @entity2 ) fry.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A successful regime for intramuscular injection of naked DNA is developed in fish, but the exploration of other ways of administration has not yet been studied in any detail. Immersion is a delivery route offering many advantages compared to conventional ways of administration. Applying cationic liposomes as a delivery system for DNA by this route, however, is met with severe @entity0 problems. In this report, the underlying mechanisms of the acute @entity0 were investigated in vivo and in vitro. The most critical factor was found to be the charge of the liposomes. Cationic liposomes above a certain threshold concentration had a lethal effect in @entity2 fry. In contrast, similar concentrations of neutral or anionic liposomes were not toxic. Furthermore, large liposome-mucin complexes were formed upon addition of mucin to cationic liposomes. This was not observed with neutral or anionic liposomes. Lipoplexes were less toxic and interacted less with mucin compared to cationic liposomes. Hence, the mechanism of the acute @entity0 in @entity2 fry is suggested to be an interaction between the cationic liposomes and anionic components of gill mucin. The consequence is @entity1 and this is most likely the cause of acute @entity0 observed in @entity2 fry.

title: Immersion delivery of plasmid DNA. I. A study of the potentials of a liposomal delivery system in @entity2 ( XXXX ) fry.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We analyze a series of 44 @entity5 in @entity0 aged 20 and older, listed in the Connecticut Tumor Registry. Average age was 34.1 years. Incidence was 0.058 per 100,000 per year. @entity1 and @entity4 were the most frequent presenting complaints. Findings at diagnosis most often were papilloedema, @entity3 , and @entity2 . Treatments included operation (15%), radiation (7%), and operation plus radiation (60%). Probability of survival at one year was 0.62; at five years, 0.26. Survival with operation and radiation was superior to survival with other courses of treatment. Extracranial metastases to the spinal cord, the bones, and the pleura occurred in 27% of cases. For the first two years from diagnosis, survival in this series was significantly better than survival in the contemporary series of @entity0 with @entity5 . At five years and ten years, survival in adults and @entity0 was comparable.

title: Adult occurrence of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: On the basis of experience with dialysis therapy of 1000 @entity0 with @entity2 in the years from 1955 to 1985 the most important aspects of the treatment were discussed. The precise incidence of @entity2 is not known. It seems that a number of @entity0 die without being diagnosed. Dialysis therapy is indicated when blood @entity4 concentration exceeds 30 mmol/L and/or serum @entity3 concentration is higher than 6.5 mmol/L, when @entity0 are over-hydrated or show first signs of @entity5 . Hemodialysis remains the gold standard among all methods of blood purification. Catheterization of subclavian veins is the most advantageous access to circulation for hemodialysis. Majority of medical complications due to @entity1 as well as technical ones may be avoided. Mortality is still high and has not changed in 30 years in spite of medical and technical improvement of treatment because of higher proportion of @entity0 with uncurable underlying disease and higher age. Therapy of @entity0 with @entity2 should be centralized. No @entity0 , should die of @entity1 and its complications.

title: Dialytic therapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A case of @entity8 is presented. A 46-year-old female was admitted to our hospital for @entity4 of both femurs on July 29, 1983. Laboratory data revealed a serum @entity6 level of 15.2 mg/dl, serum @entity7 level of 1.2 mg/dl, serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone 9.35 ng/ml (less than 0.5), and % tubular reabsorption of @entity7 of 57%. X-ray examination showed marked @entity10 fibrosa @entity9 . The diagnosis of @entity5 was made. A hard @entity1 was palpable on the left anterior side of her neck. Neck exploration was carried out on August 10. The @entity1 was found to be localized in contact with the left lower lobe of the thyroid gland. @entity8 was strongly suspected, because the @entity1 severely adhered to surrounding tissues, thus the @entity1 was resected en bloc. The histopathological diagnosis was typical @entity8 . Postoperative course and the treatment of the @entity4 were uneventful, and she was discharged able to walk five months after the operation. No evidence of recurrence or @entity0 has been seen during the eighteen months since the operation. This is the 80th case in the Japanese literature to our knowledge and the clinical features of these 80 cases revealed an average age of 41.5 years old; male/female ratio of 32/48; average weight of @entity1 of 8.65 g, palpable neck mass in 72%, @entity3 in 64%, and @entity2 in 34%.

title: [ XXXX : report of a case].

answer: @entity8


abstract: Two cases of @entity5 are reported. A 15-year-old @entity0 was admitted in July, 1983, with a 3-week history of gradually increasing @entity2 on the right side. With the suspicion of @entity3 , right radical orchiectomy was performed and pathological examination revealed an @entity7 of the paratesticular region. Chemotherapy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy were performed, and the latter revealed lymph node @entity1 at the bifurcation of the aorta. Radiotherapy was not done because of adherent ileus. About 8 months after the orchiectomy, he died of recurrence at @entity4 and brain @entity1 . A 6-year-old @entity0 presented in March, 1985, with a complaint of @entity2 that was painless and gradually increasing for about a month. Transinguinal exploration revealed a paratesticular @entity6 and right radical orchiectomy was performed. Pathological diagnosis was paratesticular @entity7 . No evidence of @entity1 was found by chest X-ray, excretory urogram, abdominal CT-scan or lymphangiography. As post-operative treatment, only chemotherapy was performed, and 9 months after the orchiectomy, the @entity0 was asymptomatic. Ninety four cases of @entity5 found in the Japanese literature are reviewed and mainly the policy of treatment is discussed.

title: [Two cases of XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The circulatory, renal, and hormonal responses during 100 min of thermoneutral (37 degrees C) head-out water immersion (WI) were investigated in conscious intact (INT) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity1 . In the INT group, both left and right atrial and aortic transmural distending pressures and left ventricular contractile performance (LV dP/dtmax) increased, and total peripheral resistance remained unchanged. Cardiac output (QCO) increased in association with an increase in heart rate and LV dP/dtmax. Urine flow (V), @entity6 excretion (UNaV), and osmolal clearance (Cosmol) all increased, whereas glomerular filtration rate, as indicated by @entity3 clearance (CCr), remained constant. The diuresis and natriuresis occurred in the absence of any significant changes in plasma levels of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity5 , or plasma @entity4 activity. The @entity2 animals showed a similar hemodynamic response except that the increase in QCO was now associated with an increase in @entity0 volume and no change in heart rate or LV dP/dtmax. Although the increase in V was similar in both magnitude and time course of the INT animals, there was no significant change in UNaV. Thus there is a striking change in the character of the response of the denervated group in that the natriuresis is abolished and, instead, a water diuresis occurred. Free water clearance increased, but no significant changes in Cosmol or CCr were observed. In addition plasma @entity7 levels significantly declined during WI in the @entity2 group. These data indicate that cardiac receptors are important in determining the nature of the renal response to WI.

title: Role of cardiac nerves in response to head-out water immersion in conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In neonates, @entity0 , @entity0 and adolescents serum concentrations of the thyroid hormones show a clear age dependency. Currently, age-dependent thyroid hormone reference ranges for the new ADVIA Centaur immunoanalyzer are not available. @entity3 ( @entity3 ), free @entity2 (FT4), total @entity2 (T4), free @entity1 (FT3) and total @entity1 (T3) were determined in the sera of 460 healthy @entity0 aged 0 daysto 18 years from an inland (n=308) and a seaside city (n=152) using the Bayer ADVIA Centaur analyzer. Square root functions defining the upper and lower limit of the continuous age-dependent reference range and the median line for each thyroid hormone were estimated applying a parametric regression technique. Continuous age-dependent reference ranges show a better fit to the obtained data than discontinuous reference ranges. The median @entity3 and FT4 concentrations decrease within the first year of life and are nearly constant until 18 years of age. The median T4 decreases within the entire age interval, whereas the median FF3 is constant. The median T3 increases within the first year of life and decreases afterwards. The calculated continuous reference ranges for T4, T3 and partly FT4 are consistent with published reference ranges. However, the reference ranges obtained for FT3 and partly @entity3 differed considerably, compared to published reference ranges. No significant residence- or sex-specific effects on age-adjusted hormone concentrations were found except for a slight residence-specific effect on age-adjusted FT4, which was probably due to assay imprecision. Due to the lack of international standardization, the assay-specific evaluation of reference ranges is very important. Continuous age-dependent reference ranges comply better with the biological reality and are more reliable than discontinuous reference ranges.

title: Continuous age-dependent reference ranges for thyroid hormones in neonates, XXXX , @entity0 and adolescents established using the ADVIA Centaur Analyzer.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In neonates, @entity0 , @entity0 and adolescents serum concentrations of the thyroid hormones show a clear age dependency. Currently, age-dependent thyroid hormone reference ranges for the new ADVIA Centaur immunoanalyzer are not available. @entity3 ( @entity3 ), free @entity2 (FT4), total @entity2 (T4), free @entity1 (FT3) and total @entity1 (T3) were determined in the sera of 460 healthy @entity0 aged 0 daysto 18 years from an inland (n=308) and a seaside city (n=152) using the Bayer ADVIA Centaur analyzer. Square root functions defining the upper and lower limit of the continuous age-dependent reference range and the median line for each thyroid hormone were estimated applying a parametric regression technique. Continuous age-dependent reference ranges show a better fit to the obtained data than discontinuous reference ranges. The median @entity3 and FT4 concentrations decrease within the first year of life and are nearly constant until 18 years of age. The median T4 decreases within the entire age interval, whereas the median FF3 is constant. The median T3 increases within the first year of life and decreases afterwards. The calculated continuous reference ranges for T4, T3 and partly FT4 are consistent with published reference ranges. However, the reference ranges obtained for FT3 and partly @entity3 differed considerably, compared to published reference ranges. No significant residence- or sex-specific effects on age-adjusted hormone concentrations were found except for a slight residence-specific effect on age-adjusted FT4, which was probably due to assay imprecision. Due to the lack of international standardization, the assay-specific evaluation of reference ranges is very important. Continuous age-dependent reference ranges comply better with the biological reality and are more reliable than discontinuous reference ranges.

title: Continuous age-dependent reference ranges for thyroid hormones in neonates, @entity0 , XXXX and adolescents established using the ADVIA Centaur Analyzer.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Struma Ovarii represents less than 3% of @entity2 . The malignant counterpart is very rare. CASE: A 67-year-old female with @entity5 and progressive @entity4 died of @entity8 secondary to severe @entity6 . Autopsy revealed @entity5 , hepatic @entity3 , @entity9 , and @entity10 . As an incidental finding was seen a huge @entity1 (10 x 9.5 x 6 cm) in the left ovary. Multiple nodules were detected in the lungs. The thyroid was normal. Microscopy revealed a follicular variant of @entity7 arising in @entity11 in the ovary with @entity0 to lungs and pleura. The thyroid gland tissue was normal. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first autopsy report of a clinically unsuspected @entity12 .

title: @entity12 : an autopsy report of a clinically unsuspected XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Struma Ovarii represents less than 3% of @entity2 . The malignant counterpart is very rare. CASE: A 67-year-old female with @entity5 and progressive @entity4 died of @entity8 secondary to severe @entity6 . Autopsy revealed @entity5 , hepatic @entity3 , @entity9 , and @entity10 . As an incidental finding was seen a huge @entity1 (10 x 9.5 x 6 cm) in the left ovary. Multiple nodules were detected in the lungs. The thyroid was normal. Microscopy revealed a follicular variant of @entity7 arising in @entity11 in the ovary with @entity0 to lungs and pleura. The thyroid gland tissue was normal. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first autopsy report of a clinically unsuspected @entity12 .

title: XXXX : an autopsy report of a clinically unsuspected @entity1 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: AIM: Clinical studies suggest that smoking is associated with wound @entity4 after @entity0 surgery. However, the significance of smoking as a risk factor for @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity5 when adjusting for other potential risk factors remains to be studied. METHODS: From June 1994 through August 1996, 425 @entity1 underwent @entity0 surgery as simple mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, or breast conserving surgery. The @entity1 were evaluated postoperatively for @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity5 . Association between these complications and 17 @entity1 , operative, and postoperative variables were analysed by three separate multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: When compared to non-smoking, smoking was significantly associated with @entity6 after all types of surgery (light smoking (1-14 grams per day): [odds ratio (OR)=2.95, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.07-8.16], and heavy smoking (>/=15 grams per day): OR=3.46 (1.52-7.85). A similar significant association was found as regards @entity4 and @entity5 after simple mastectomy and modified radical mastectomy: both light and heavy smoking were predictive for @entity4 : light smoking: OR=6.85 (1.96-23.90), heavy smoking: OR=9.22 (2.91-29.25) and for @entity5 : light smoking: OR=3.98 (1.52-10.43) and heavy smoking: OR=4.28 (1.81-10.13). No significant dose-response relation was disclosed. Other risk factors and confounders associated with complicated wound healing were adjusted for in the analysis: @entity2 , @entity3 , alcohol, NSAIDs, duration of surgery, and surgical experience. CONCLUSION: Independent of other risk factors, smoking is predictive for post-mastectomy @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity5 .

title: Smoking as a risk factor for wound healing and infection in XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We used functional imaging of normal subjects to identify the neural substrate for the perception of @entity2 . This fundamental process can be abnormal in @entity0 , when voices that are not true external auditory objects (auditory verbal @entity1 ) may appear to originate in external space. The perception of voices as objects in external space depends on filtering by the outer ear. Psychoses that distort this process involve the cerebral cortex. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was carried out on 12 normal subjects using an inside-the-scanner simulation of 'inside head' and 'outside head' voices in the form of typical auditory verbal @entity1 . Comparison between the brain activity associated with the two conditions allowed us to test the hypothesis that the perception of voices in external space ('outside head') is subserved by a temperoparietal network comprising association auditory cortex posterior to Heschl's gyrus [planum temporale (PT)] and inferior parietal lobule. Group analyses of response to 'outside head' versus 'inside head' voices showed significant activation solely in the left PT. This was demonstrated in three experiments in which the predominant lateralization of the stimulus was to the right, to the left or balanced. These findings suggest a critical involvement of the left PT in the perception of voices in external space that is not dependent on precise spatial location. Based on this, we suggest a model for the false perception of externally located auditory verbal @entity1 .

title: A neural basis for the perception of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Cells respond to @entity9 infection by switching on the apoptotic program, implementation of which is usually suppressed by viral antiapoptotic functions. We show here that @entity9 infection of HeLa cells or derivatives of MCF-7 cells was accompanied by the efflux of @entity5 from mitochondria. This efflux occurred during both @entity0 (e.g., interrupted by @entity3 - @entity7 and ending with apoptosis) and productive infection (leading to cytopathic effect). The former type of infection, but not the latter, was accompanied by truncation of the proapoptotic protein @entity6 . The virus-triggered @entity5 efflux was suppressed by overexpression of @entity2 . Both @entity0 also resulted in a decreased level of procaspase-9, as revealed by Western blotting. In the former case, this decrease was accompanied by the accumulation of a protein with the electrophoretic mobility of active @entity8 . In contrast, in the productively infected cells, the latter protein was absent but @entity8 -related polypeptides with altered mobility could be detected. Both @entity8 and @entity1 were shown to be essential for the development of such hallmarks of virus-induced apoptosis as chromatin condensation, DNA degradation, and nuclear fragmentation. These and some other results suggest the following scenario. @entity9 infection activates the apoptotic pathway, involving @entity4 , @entity5 efflux, and consecutive activation of @entity8 and @entity1 . The apoptotic signal appears to be amplified by a loop which includes secondary processing of @entity6 . The implementation of the apoptotic program in productively infected cells may be suppressed, however, by the viral antiapoptotic functions, which act at a step(s) downstream of the @entity5 efflux. The suppression appears to be caused, at least in part, by aberrant processing and degradation of procaspase-9.

title: The major apoptotic pathway activated and suppressed by XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Food-borne transmission of prions can lead to @entity4 . Here we report that the transmission of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is 100,000-fold more efficient by inoculation of prions into the tongues of hamsters than by oral ingestion. The incubation period following @entity1 agent (hereinafter referred to as @entity1 ) inoculation into the lingual muscles was the shortest among the five nonneuronal routes of inoculation, including another intramuscular route. Deposition of the abnormal isoform of the prion protein, @entity5 (Sc), was first detected in the tongue and submandibular lymph node at 1 to 2 weeks following inoculation of the tongue with @entity1 . @entity5 (Sc) deposits in the tongue were associated with individual axons, and the initial appearance of @entity1 in the brain stem was found in the hypoglossal nucleus at 2 weeks postinfection. At later time points, @entity5 (Sc) was localized to brain cell groups that directly project to the hypoglossal nucleus, indicating the transneuronal spread of @entity1 . @entity1 @entity5 (Sc) entry into the brain stem preceded @entity5 (Sc) detection in the rostral cervical spinal cord. These results demonstrate that @entity1 can replicate in both the tongue and regional lymph nodes but indicate that the faster route of brain invasion is via retrograde axonal transport within the hypoglossal nerve to the hypoglossal nucleus. Topical application of @entity1 to a superficial wound on the surface of the tongue resulted in a higher incidence of disease and a shorter incubation period than with oral @entity1 ingestion. Therefore, abrasions of the tongue in livestock and @entity0 may predispose a @entity2 . In a related study, @entity5 (Sc) was detected in tongues following the intracerebral inoculation of six hamster-adapted prion strains, which demonstrates that prions can also travel from the brain to the tongue in the anterograde direction along the tongue-associated cranial nerves. These findings suggest that food products containing ruminant or cervid tongue may be a potential source of prion @entity3 for @entity0 .

title: Rapid prion neuroinvasion following tongue XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The DNA content of 37 @entity2 was studied prospectively by flow cytometry. The DNA content from the same @entity1 was also studied in disintegrated paraffin sections. The methods gave similar information on the DNA content and the correlation was 0.94. In eight @entity0 @entity1 imprints were prepared and the DNA content was analyzed with static cytometry. A correlation coefficient of 0.83 between flow cytometry on fresh @entity1 tissue and static cytometry was found. Sixty-two percent of the @entity1 were @entity4 and had significantly higher S-phase values than @entity1 . Histologic grade was not related to ploidy level, whereas @entity1 often were @entity4 . When the clinical course of @entity0 was analyzed by log rank test (mean follow-up, 30.4 months), the @entity0 with @entity1 showed a clear advantage in terms of survival; only two @entity0 in this group developed @entity3 . It is concluded that the DNA content is an independent prognostic predictor of @entity2 and that DNA can be analyzed by several methods. Of these, the method using disintegrated paraffin sections appears most attractive.

title: Prognostic value of DNA content in XXXX . A flow cytometric study with some methodologic aspects.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Dietary fat and @entity1 have been found to affect significantly the proliferative status of the mammary glands. Female @entity0 (3-week-old C57BL/6J) were given either a low or high @entity4 oil diet (3 or 30% by weight). One, 2, or 4 weeks after the dietary intervention the animals were given injections of @entity2 and/or @entity3 ; 2 h later their thoracic mammary glands were removed and processed for histology and autoradiography. Animals on the high @entity4 oil diet had an increased labeling index of both terminal ducts and mature ducts compared to the control group at each time (i.e., 10.1 +/- 2.1 versus 4.8 +/- 0.9% at 2 weeks). This effect of a high @entity4 oil diet was evident on the mammary glands of animals at various ages. Animals on a high beef tallow diet also had a high labeling index. This effect of a high fat diet appeared to be reduced by dietary @entity1 . The labeling index for terminal ducts of animals on high @entity4 oil diet decreased from 14.1 +/- 3.8, 11.9 +/- 3.4 to 8.5 +/- 1.8 and high beef tallow from 13.6 +/- 3.6, 11.4 +/- 0.7 to 9.5 +/- 1.3 for @entity1 levels of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0%, respectively. Mitotic indices followed the same trend. These studies demonstrate that a high fat diet affects the proliferative status in the @entity0 mammary glands in a short period of time and that this effect can be reduced by dietary @entity1 .

title: Proliferative activity of @entity0 mammary epithelium as affected by dietary fat and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Dietary fat and @entity1 have been found to affect significantly the proliferative status of the mammary glands. Female @entity0 (3-week-old C57BL/6J) were given either a low or high @entity4 oil diet (3 or 30% by weight). One, 2, or 4 weeks after the dietary intervention the animals were given injections of @entity2 and/or @entity3 ; 2 h later their thoracic mammary glands were removed and processed for histology and autoradiography. Animals on the high @entity4 oil diet had an increased labeling index of both terminal ducts and mature ducts compared to the control group at each time (i.e., 10.1 +/- 2.1 versus 4.8 +/- 0.9% at 2 weeks). This effect of a high @entity4 oil diet was evident on the mammary glands of animals at various ages. Animals on a high beef tallow diet also had a high labeling index. This effect of a high fat diet appeared to be reduced by dietary @entity1 . The labeling index for terminal ducts of animals on high @entity4 oil diet decreased from 14.1 +/- 3.8, 11.9 +/- 3.4 to 8.5 +/- 1.8 and high beef tallow from 13.6 +/- 3.6, 11.4 +/- 0.7 to 9.5 +/- 1.3 for @entity1 levels of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0%, respectively. Mitotic indices followed the same trend. These studies demonstrate that a high fat diet affects the proliferative status in the @entity0 mammary glands in a short period of time and that this effect can be reduced by dietary @entity1 .

title: Proliferative activity of XXXX mammary epithelium as affected by dietary fat and @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 is a massive public health problem that claims almost a half million lives a year in the United States. Several high-risk groups have been identified: survivors of @entity8 ; @entity0 with recurrent sustained @entity7 ; survivors of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) who have more than 10 ventricular premature depolarizations (VPD) per hour or repetitive VPD; and @entity0 with class III or IV @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and unsustained @entity7 . The effects of open label drug treatment have been tested in survivors of @entity8 or sustained @entity7 using either electrophysiologic studies or 24-hour ECG recordings and exercise testing. @entity0 classified as drug responders using these methods have a lower mortality rate during follow-up than do those classified as nonresponders. This result is difficult to interpret. The test procedures may be identifying effective drugs, or alternatively, drug testing may identify high- and low-risk groups even though the drugs have no effect on survival. Recently, study designs have been proposed for conducting controlled trials in @entity0 with malignant @entity4 . @entity4 after @entity2 have been the subject of intensive study for the past 20 years. About 20% of these @entity0 have @entity4 between 6 and 90 days after @entity2 . The presence of @entity4 after @entity2 increases the risk of dying two- to fourfold. @entity4 predict @entity1 independently of @entity5 . However, it has not been demonstrated that treatment of @entity4 after @entity2 significantly decreases mortality. The goals of the @entity4 Pilot Study (CAPS) were: to find a therapeutic strategy that could significantly suppress @entity4 with an acceptable adverse effect rate; to determine efficient methods for case finding; to identify efficient methods for evaluating the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drug therapy; to demonstrate the feasibility of recruiting @entity0 and maintaining treatment over a 1-year period; and to evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of behavioral studies. The study enrolled 502 @entity0 , randomizing approximately 100 @entity0 each into one of five treatment limbs: one group treated with placebo, and four treated with antiarrhythmic drugs (two with class IC and two with class IA action). Dose adjustment was permitted; @entity0 who failed to satisfy the criteria for drug efficacy were permitted to cross over to a second drug ( @entity0 on class IC agents crossed over to class IA agents and vice versa).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Methodology for clinical trials with antiarrhythmic drugs to prevent XXXX : US experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In order to evaluate the prognostic factors of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), a retrospective study was carried out on 215 @entity0 (150 @entity0 , 65 @entity0 ) who had undergone surgical treatment from March 1979 to December 1986. The average age of the @entity0 was 58 years (ranging from 15 to 85 years). The ratios of survival to @entity1 stage and grade, as well as to nodal and venous involvement, distant metastases at the time of diagnosis (as @entity5 classification) were evaluated by means of the actuarial method (life table). Corrected 5-year survival rates for stage T1-T4 were 100, 81, 68.9 and 0%, respectively. Grade 1 and grade 2 @entity1 had a 5-year survival rate of 66.5 and 52.8%, respectively; grade 3 had a 3-year survival rate of 46.5%. Nodal involvement at the time of diagnosis had a prediction value for the 3- and 5-year survival rate of 39.8 and 34.5%, respectively. Metastases at time of diagnosis had a 14.1% prediction value for a 3-year survival rate. @entity1 extension to the vena cava (21 @entity0 ) affected survival in a significant way (55.8% at 3 years). A definite tendency towards lower stage and grade was observed in incidentally diagnosed @entity3 (11%). In conclusion, stage, grade, nodal and venous involvement as well as metastases at the time of diagnosis have a significant prognostic value in @entity3 . These data and the lack of early diagnostic methods for @entity3 suggest the routine use of renal ultrasonography in clinically asymptomatic @entity0 during examination for suspected @entity4 and in high-risk @entity0 ( @entity2 ).

title: Prognostic factors in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The functional border zone is nonischemic myocardium that exhibits reduced function adjacent to an @entity0 area. To determine if the functional border zone can be modified by pharmacologic interventions that alter contractility, we infused @entity4 (0.04-0.10 micrograms/kg/min) or administered @entity2 (2 mg/kg) during circumflex @entity3 in nine anesthetized, open-chest @entity1 . We measured systolic wall thickening on both sides of the perfusion boundary, which was delineated with myocardial blood flow (microsphere) maps constructed from small tissue samples. By fitting sigmoid curves to the composite systolic wall thickening data after @entity3 , we modeled the distribution of functional impairment across the perfusion boundary. Defined as the distance from the perfusion boundary to 97.5% of the nonischemic asymptote of the sigmoid fits, the functional border zone was 31 degrees of circumference after @entity3 alone. @entity4 increased +dP/dt by 58% and augmented nonischemic systolic wall thickening without changing the lateral extent of the functional border zone (32 degrees). @entity2 reduced +dP/dt by 24% and depressed nonischemic systolic wall thickening, but the size of the functional border zone remained limited to 28 degrees. Within the functional border zone, wall thickening was significantly but only moderately reduced (-28%) compared with thickening in nonischemic myocardium more than 10 mm away from the perfusion boundary. The ratio of nonischemic border zone to central nonischemic area wall thickening remained the same with each intervention. We conclude that the dimensions of the functional border zone are fixed early after @entity3 and that inotropic interventions do not modify the extent or relative severity of nonischemic regional dysfunction.

title: Changes in contractility fail to alter the size of the functional border zone in anesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Proliferative epithelial metaplasia that develops in the anastomotic line after gastrocystoplasty has unknown malignant potential. Flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle profiles is used to predict the neoplastic progression of metaplastic lesions in other proliferative epithelium. We used this technique to evaluate transitional cell metaplasia in @entity0 gastrocystoplasty specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 prepubescent female Long-Evans @entity0 were randomly assigned to an experimental group (gastrocystoplasty) or a control group (sham operation). At 21 to 27 months (mean 24.9) after operation 12 @entity0 per group survived to sacrifice. Metaplastic lesions were microdissected to yield a minimum of 10(4) cells for DNA flow cytometry and cell cycle analysis. Transitional cell epithelium from sham specimens and gastric epithelium from experimental animals served as controls. RESULTS: @entity2 and metaplasia with cyst formation were found in the anastomotic line in all 12 augmented bladders (100%). No @entity1 developed in control animals. No nuclear pleomorphism or mitotic changes were identified on routine histological examination. The epithelial cell turnover rate was 10 times higher in the gastrocystoplasty junctional zone than in control bladders (mean 2.2% versus 0.1% S phase) but lower than in native stomach epithelium (mean 3.3% S phase). Of 12 experimental specimens 1 showed near diploid DNA aneuploidy. No DNA abnormalities were detected in control bladder or stomach specimens. CONCLUSIONS: In this animal model histologically benign appearing @entity1 that develop in the anastomotic zone after long-term gastrocystoplasty harbor cell cycle and DNA ploidy abnormalities.

title: Flow cytometry analysis of XXXX at the gastrocystoplasty anastomosis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular risk might be reduced by targeted changes in both low density and high density lipoprotein @entity1 ( @entity3 and HDL-C). This dual strategy will require a well tolerated, effective regimen, as well as a better understanding of how HDL-C may be targeted. DESIGN: An open-label, uncontrolled, retrospective cohort study of combined statin- @entity2 therapy. METHODS: We reviewed all @entity0 ( n= 132) started on this combination in a referral lipid clinic over a 6.5-year period for tolerability, safety and effectiveness. RESULTS: Combined therapy was tolerated by 77% of @entity0 . No serious adverse events attributable to medication were encountered. In drug-naive @entity0 (n = 37), moderate doses of statin and @entity2 (mean 1180 mg/day) reduced @entity3 31% and increased HDL-C 29% ( P< 0.002, both comparisons). At @entity2 doses >or= 1000 mg/day (mean 1480) added to a constant statin regimen (n=29), HDL-C increased 20% ( P< 0.001). Even at @entity2 doses < 1000 mg/day (mean 580, n= 23), HDL-C increased 13% ( P< 0.05). Although mean HDL-C increased, the initial and final HDL-C distributions were broad and largely overlapping. Any chosen cutpoint for HDL-C goal would apply to only a minority of @entity0 . The total/HDL @entity1 ratio had narrower distributions, as the percentage of @entity0 with ratio < 5.0 increased from 17% to 67%. CONCLUSION: Combined statin- @entity2 therapy lowers @entity3 and raises HDL-C with acceptable tolerance and safety. If treating @entity3 is the primary goal, consistent with current guidelines, then a strategy of targeting the total/HDL @entity1 ratio as a secondary goal is applicable to more @entity0 than targeting HDL-C itself.

title: Targeting cardiovascular risk associated with both low density and high density lipoproteins using statin- XXXX combination therapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The complete correction of highly or extremely @entity1 to emmetropia can only be achieved by very few procedures: The combination of implanting phacic intraocular lenses and the use of LASIK (laser in-situ keratomileusis) - Bioptic - makes it possible to achieve this goal to a great extent. @entity0 AND METHODS: The Bioptic procedure was carried out on 17 eyes of 10 @entity0 . Two weeks after corneal dissection with the Hansatom,an implantable phacic lens (STAAR) was introduced into the posterior chamber and 4 weeks later the residual @entity3 was treated with LASIK combined with the correction of astigmatic errors. The follow-up time was 10.2 (6.7) months. RESULTS: Preoperative average values of the manifest refraction were -16.22 sph (3.86) with 1.40 cyl (1.30) which changed to -3.85 sph (2.73) with -1.50 cyl (0.87) after implantation of an ICL trade mark into the posterior chamber. Visual acuity increased from uncorrected hand motion to 0.13 (0.10) and corrected from 0.53 (0.19) to 0.63 (0.19). The refraction of implanted ICLs trade mark was 14.6 dpt (1.1). Following the LASIK procedure the uncorrected visual acuity improved to 0.68 (0.16) and fully corrected to 0.79 (0.20). The final refraction measured +0.16 sph (0.67) with -0.48 cyl (0.25). The keratectomy depth was 80.63 -m (26.9) and the optical zone showed a horizontal distance of 6.28 mm (0.39). CONCLUSION: Bioptic is able to correct highly and extremely @entity1 with the combination of phacic lenses and subsequent LASIK. A concomitant @entity2 can be corrected up to 2.5 dpt simultaneously. With the combination of both procedures,the optical zone can be enlarged. Keeping in mind that phacic lenses reveal a constant refraction after a few days and also that LASIK is refractively safe in low @entity3 of -4 dpt to -5 dpt, it can be expected that the refractive deviation following the Bioptic procedure is low.

title: [Bioptic. A refractive surgery procedure for correction of high and extreme XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Control of @entity1 in the vascular @entity0 is clearly a priority. However, these @entity0 often will have significant co-morbidities that may influence the choice of medication, a decision that also may be affected by cost or Health Plan directives. Wherever possible, monotherapy should be attempted first, although in select circumstances combination therapy may be more appropriate. The 5 main categories of drugs used in the initial treatment of hypertensive @entity2 are (1). diuretics, (2). beta-adrenergic blockers, (3). @entity3 channel blockers, (4). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) inhibitors, and (5). angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). There are also other less commonly used drugs. Each of the antihypertensive agents is roughly equally effective, producing a good antihypertensive response in 40% to 60% of cases. Some antihypertensives, especially @entity4 and ARBs, also may have beneficial effects on the vascular and metabolic systems separate from their blood pressure lowering effects, which suggests they may be beneficial even if blood pressure is well maintained with other agents. This report covers the basic information required for the vascular surgeon to become familiar with the various medications and their indications, dosage, and side effects. It also provides some guidelines in selecting relevant antihypertensive treatment regimens for the elderly @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Treatment of XXXX from volume to vasoconstriction: The @entity4 up your sleeve.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Control of @entity1 in the vascular @entity0 is clearly a priority. However, these @entity0 often will have significant co-morbidities that may influence the choice of medication, a decision that also may be affected by cost or Health Plan directives. Wherever possible, monotherapy should be attempted first, although in select circumstances combination therapy may be more appropriate. The 5 main categories of drugs used in the initial treatment of hypertensive @entity2 are (1). diuretics, (2). beta-adrenergic blockers, (3). @entity3 channel blockers, (4). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) inhibitors, and (5). angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). There are also other less commonly used drugs. Each of the antihypertensive agents is roughly equally effective, producing a good antihypertensive response in 40% to 60% of cases. Some antihypertensives, especially @entity4 and ARBs, also may have beneficial effects on the vascular and metabolic systems separate from their blood pressure lowering effects, which suggests they may be beneficial even if blood pressure is well maintained with other agents. This report covers the basic information required for the vascular surgeon to become familiar with the various medications and their indications, dosage, and side effects. It also provides some guidelines in selecting relevant antihypertensive treatment regimens for the elderly @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Treatment of @entity1 from volume to vasoconstriction: The XXXX up your sleeve.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for treatment of urge @entity1 . METHODS: In a prospective multicentre study, 35 @entity0 with complaints of urge @entity1 underwent 12 weekly sessions of PTNS at one of five sites in the Netherlands and one site in Italy. Frequency/volume charts and I-QoL and SF-36 questionnaires were completed at 0 and 12 weeks. Success was analysed by using subjective and objective criteria. Overall subjective success was defined as the willingness to continue treatment, whereas objective success was defined as a significant decrease (to<50%) in total number of leakage episodes. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity0 (63%) reported a subjective success. Twenty-four @entity0 (70%) showed a 50% or greater reduction in total number of leakage episodes. Sixteen (46%) of these- @entity0 were completely cured (i.e., no leakage episodes) after 12 sessions. Quality of life parameters improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that posterior tibial nerve stimulation is an effective, minimally invasive option for treatment of @entity0 with complaints of urge @entity1 , as improvement was seen in subjective as well as objective parameters.

title: Posterior tibial nerve stimulation in the treatment of urge XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A study was made of 26 @entity0 diagnosed as phase I @entity3 . In all of them, a bone:soft tissue uptake index was quantified by scintigraphic scanning before treatment and 3 months later. Eighteen @entity0 were treated with 100 MRC units salmon calcitonin, followed by 500 mg elemental @entity1 4 hours after hormone administration. The treatment was administered 10 days a month separated by intervals free of therapy. The other 8 @entity0 were treated without interruption with 500 mg @entity2 every 12 hours. In the group treated with calcitonin and @entity1 , the uptake index declined from 13.3 +/- 8.2 to 4.1 +/- 1.8 (p less than 0.001). The uptake index rose from 2.1.3 +/- 17.7 to 31.1 +/- 23.0 (NS) in the @entity2 group. Using the Student t-test for paired samples to evaluate individual changes, a highly significant difference was reached (p less than 0.005) in the calcitonin- @entity1 group. The difference was also significant (p less than 0.01) in the @entity2 group, but it was negative (t = 3.620). These results confirm the efficacy of treating @entity3 with calcitonin and @entity1 and the superiority of this treatment as compared with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

title: Scintigraphic evaluation of XXXX : comparative study of the course of the disease under two therapeutic regimens.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Based on the findings that @entity3 content increased in multidrug resistant (MDR) cells and that the resistance could be reversed by the @entity3 channel blocker @entity6 , it has been speculated that @entity2 may have role in drug resistance. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between multidrug resistance in @entity0 @entity5 LoVo/Adr cells and the level of cytoplasmic @entity2 . METHODS: @entity8 /AM was used to label @entity2 in the cytoplasm and confocal microscope was used to observe the changes of @entity2 concentration. The reverse effect of @entity6 was determined by @entity1 method. The content of intracellular @entity4 (ADR) was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: @entity8 /AM fluorescent intensities of LoVo and LoVo/Adr cells were 850.45 and 1,495.88, respectively. After treatment with @entity6 , @entity8 /AM fluorescent intensities of LoVo and LoVo/Adr cells were 813.25 and 1,284.14, respectively. The level of @entity2 in the cytoplasm of LoVo/Adr cells was significantly higher than that in LoVo cells, and was not significantly changed by @entity6 . The concentration of ADR was increased by @entity6 in LoVo/Adr cells. The potentiation folds of @entity4 and @entity7 by @entity6 in LoVo/Adr cells were 8.85 and 5.31, respectively. CONCLUSION: The increasement of cytoplasmic @entity3 content might be a characteristic phenotype of MDR LoVo/Adr cells. However, there was no direct relationship between multidrug resistance and cytoplasmic @entity2 concentration.

title: [Relationship between multidrug resistance in @entity0 XXXX LoVo/Adr cell line and intracellular @entity3 ion concentration].

answer: @entity5