abstract: @entity6 ( @entity11 ) is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with the effects of antioxidation, anti- @entity0 and anti- @entity2 that has been shown to induce damage in liver. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of @entity11 on @entity13 ( @entity9 )-induced @entity3 in @entity1 . Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity1 were divided into four groups: control, @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity11 + @entity9 treated groups. @entity1 were administrated @entity9 together with or without @entity11 for a week and sacrificed 24 h after the last intragastric administration of @entity11 . Histopathological analysis was carried out. The liver function, the indices of oxidative stress including @entity5 ( @entity7 ), @entity4 dismutase (SOD), and @entity8 ( @entity12 ) in liver tissues, and pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions were examined. The mRNA level of @entity10 p65 in liver was also determined. @entity11 significantly attenuated @entity9 -induced @entity3 . The serum transaminase and @entity7 levels were reduced while the levels of SOD and @entity12 were increased, as compared with the @entity9 -treated group. @entity11 also remarkably suppressed the secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the @entity10 ( @entity10 ) activation induced by @entity9 . In addition, the histopathological analysis showed that the range and degree of liver tissue lesions were improved obviously in @entity11 treated group. @entity6 could ameliorate the effects of @entity13 -induced @entity3 in @entity1 by inhibiting oxidative stress, expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and @entity10 activation.

title: Protective effects of @entity6 on @entity3 induced by @entity13 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is the leading cause of @entity2 worldwide and about 85% of these are @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Several new chemotherapeutic agents have recently shown encouraging activity in @entity4 , especially @entity5 . MiRNAs (MicroRNAs) are closely related to @entity2 development. We studied miRNAs in @entity4 cell lines to identify those that can regulate and predict the effectiveness of @entity5 on @entity4 . CCK8, Annexin and V- @entity6 assays were carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effect of @entity5 on @entity4 cell linesA549 and H460, and qRT-PCR was used to detect and compare six miRNAs expression levels in the two cells with @entity5 or not. Knockdown of @entity7 by RNA interference and overexpression of @entity7 were taken to evaluatethe effect of @entity7 on @entity5 effectiveness. Western blotting was used to evaluate the effect of @entity7 on @entity3 in A549 and @entity0 cells. @entity5 induced @entity4 cell apoptosis and suppressed cell proliferation in vitro. @entity7 expression levels were increased by @entity5 in the two cell lines. @entity7 overexpression improved anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of @entity5 on the @entity4 cells and that @entity7 down-regulation decreased those effects. Moreover, subsequent experiments showed that @entity3 was downregulated by @entity7 at both transcriptional and translational levels. This study further extends the biological role of @entity7 in @entity4 A549 and @entity0 cells and identifies @entity3 as a novel target possibly involved in @entity7 -mediated growth suppression and apoptosis induction of @entity4 cells.

title: @entity5 inhibits the proliferation of XXXX cells via upregulation of microRNA-7 expression.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 is the leading cause of @entity2 worldwide and about 85% of these are @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Several new chemotherapeutic agents have recently shown encouraging activity in @entity4 , especially @entity5 . MiRNAs (MicroRNAs) are closely related to @entity2 development. We studied miRNAs in @entity4 cell lines to identify those that can regulate and predict the effectiveness of @entity5 on @entity4 . CCK8, Annexin and V- @entity6 assays were carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effect of @entity5 on @entity4 cell linesA549 and H460, and qRT-PCR was used to detect and compare six miRNAs expression levels in the two cells with @entity5 or not. Knockdown of @entity7 by RNA interference and overexpression of @entity7 were taken to evaluatethe effect of @entity7 on @entity5 effectiveness. Western blotting was used to evaluate the effect of @entity7 on @entity3 in A549 and @entity0 cells. @entity5 induced @entity4 cell apoptosis and suppressed cell proliferation in vitro. @entity7 expression levels were increased by @entity5 in the two cell lines. @entity7 overexpression improved anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of @entity5 on the @entity4 cells and that @entity7 down-regulation decreased those effects. Moreover, subsequent experiments showed that @entity3 was downregulated by @entity7 at both transcriptional and translational levels. This study further extends the biological role of @entity7 in @entity4 A549 and @entity0 cells and identifies @entity3 as a novel target possibly involved in @entity7 -mediated growth suppression and apoptosis induction of @entity4 cells.

title: XXXX inhibits the proliferation of @entity4 cells via upregulation of microRNA-7 expression.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The armadillo repeat proteins were first found in armadillo gene of @entity3 . Since then a number of proteins containing armadillo repeats have been noticed and studied. These proteins that consist of 6 to 13 armadillo repeat domains are classified as family of armadillo repeat proteins. Recently, several studies indicated that armadillo repeat family of proteins play an important role in the tumorigenesis and maintenance of tissue integrity. @entity4 (Arm protein lost in @entity1 , on chromosome X), contains two armadillo repeats domains, is expressed different in normal and @entity2 tissues. Several studies have found that @entity4 protein lost in @entity1 that originated in epithelial tissues. We evaluated the @entity4 protein expression in 53 @entity1 and in 53 non-cancerous cervical tissues from @entity0 and adjacent non-cancerous tissues using immunohistochemistry RESULTS: @entity4 protein expression is significantly increased in 53 @entity1 tissues compared with non-cancerous tissues. We found, for the first time, that @entity4 protein expression in @entity1 tissues is higher than non-cancerous tissues. It is suggested that the @entity4 protein is associated with tumorigenesis in cervical @entity1 and we speculate that the @entity4 may plays a role as an oncogene in cervical @entity1 . Moreover, @entity4 may serve as a novel potential diagnostic biomarker in identifying cervical @entity1 .

title: XXXX may be a novel biomarker for @entity0 cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The armadillo repeat proteins were first found in armadillo gene of @entity3 . Since then a number of proteins containing armadillo repeats have been noticed and studied. These proteins that consist of 6 to 13 armadillo repeat domains are classified as family of armadillo repeat proteins. Recently, several studies indicated that armadillo repeat family of proteins play an important role in the tumorigenesis and maintenance of tissue integrity. @entity4 (Arm protein lost in @entity1 , on chromosome X), contains two armadillo repeats domains, is expressed different in normal and @entity2 tissues. Several studies have found that @entity4 protein lost in @entity1 that originated in epithelial tissues. We evaluated the @entity4 protein expression in 53 @entity1 and in 53 non-cancerous cervical tissues from @entity0 and adjacent non-cancerous tissues using immunohistochemistry RESULTS: @entity4 protein expression is significantly increased in 53 @entity1 tissues compared with non-cancerous tissues. We found, for the first time, that @entity4 protein expression in @entity1 tissues is higher than non-cancerous tissues. It is suggested that the @entity4 protein is associated with tumorigenesis in cervical @entity1 and we speculate that the @entity4 may plays a role as an oncogene in cervical @entity1 . Moreover, @entity4 may serve as a novel potential diagnostic biomarker in identifying cervical @entity1 .

title: @entity4 may be a novel biomarker for XXXX cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 25 @entity0 with @entity8 (absolute increase in red cell mass without conventional criteria of primary @entity9 or known underlying cause) have been further studied for evidence of primary or secondary @entity9 . Additional non-conventional criteria used were: platelet distribution width, platelet @entity3 ratio, serum @entity7 , clinical evidence of @entity4 and erythroid culture variables in serum-free system. All had been used in an earlier study in score form to assist in the diagnosis of primary @entity9 . These @entity0 were also newly assessed for the presence of @entity5 (supine oximeter values, history suggestive of @entity2 ), for @entity1 and for @entity6 (impalpable) by ultrasound or computerized tomography. 7 @entity0 had erythroid culture scores suggesting primary @entity9 but the addition of non-culture criteria did not result in any scores more strongly predictive of primary @entity9 . Supine oximeter values < 92% suggested hypoxaemia as the mechanism of @entity9 in 3 @entity0 in whom it had not previously been suspected. Some @entity6 (impalpable) was demonstrated in 6 @entity0 , only 1 of whom had erythroid culture scores suggesting primary @entity9 . 12 @entity0 had confirmed, raised @entity7 levels. We conclude that @entity8 refers to a heterogenous group of @entity0 . Features of primary or secondary @entity9 may be demonstrated in some of them by additional new study techniques. The raised @entity7 values found in half the @entity0 were unexpected.

title: XXXX --additional new study techniques suggest a heterogenous group.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity7 , a @entity6 derivative, in the treatment of hot flushes induced by @entity2 agonists ( @entity2 -a) and to study peripheral blood mononuclear cell @entity5 concentrations during drug administration. DESIGN: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. SETTING: Academic department of obstetrics and gynecology. @entity0 : Forty @entity0 of mean age 43 +/- 5 years who experienced disturbing hot flushes during a 4-month course of tryptorelin depot for @entity3 -associated @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Treatment with oral @entity7 100 mg/d (20 subjects) or matching placebo (20 subjects) during the third month of @entity2 -a administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Modifications of frequency and severity of hot flushes as shown by a 0 to 6-point vasomotor scoring system and variations of @entity5 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS: Two subjects in each group dropped out of the study. The median (range) vasomotor score at the end of the second month of treatment was 4 (3 to 6) in both the @entity7 and placebo group. At the end of the third and fourth months the median (range) scores were, respectively, 2 (0 to 6) versus 4 (1 to 6) and 2 (0 to 5) versus 4 (1 to 6). No significant variations in mononuclear cell @entity5 concentrations were recorded. Serum PRL levels rose from 11.7 +/- 5.7 to 132.3 +/- 65.0 ng/mL (conversion factor to SI unit, 1.0) during @entity7 administration and returned to 10.6 +/- 3.7 ng/mL after drug withdrawal. CONCLUSION: @entity7 reduced vasomotor symptoms induced by a @entity2 -a. Transient @entity4 was the main side effect observed. The mode of action of the drug in @entity2 -a-treated @entity0 and possible interactions with endogenous opioid peptides need further elucidation.

title: XXXX for hot flushes induced by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist: a controlled study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The impact of @entity2 on long-term outcome has been reported in several types of @entity1 . However, it is unclear why @entity2 affect long-term outcome. The aim of this study is evaluating whether @entity2 occurrence or @entity5 ( @entity5 ) elevation better reflects long-term outcome in @entity3 @entity0 . METHODS: This study included 305 @entity0 who underwent curative surgery for pT2-T4b @entity3 . @entity0 were divided into two groups based on the peak @entity5 value (CRPmax ): low (<12   mg/dl) and high CRPmax (>= 12   mg/dl). A multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent prognostic factors for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). RESULTS: @entity2 (>= Grade II) occurred in 86 of 305 @entity0 (28.2%). Although @entity5 elevation (P   =   0.001) and @entity2 occurrence (P   =   0.045) was each significantly associated with @entity4 in the univariate analysis, multivariate analysis identified @entity5 elevation (P   =   0.017) but not complication occurrence (P   =   0.682) as an independent prognostic factor. Among @entity0 without complications, those in the high CRPmax group had significantly worse @entity4 than those in the low CRPmax group (P   =   0.004). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 elevation is a more reliable indicator of survival after @entity3 surgery than @entity2 occurrence. Surgeons should minimize the postoperative inflammatory response to improve prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Which is a more reliable indicator of survival after @entity3 surgery: Postoperative complication occurrence or XXXX elevation?

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The impact of @entity2 on long-term outcome has been reported in several types of @entity1 . However, it is unclear why @entity2 affect long-term outcome. The aim of this study is evaluating whether @entity2 occurrence or @entity5 ( @entity5 ) elevation better reflects long-term outcome in @entity3 @entity0 . METHODS: This study included 305 @entity0 who underwent curative surgery for pT2-T4b @entity3 . @entity0 were divided into two groups based on the peak @entity5 value (CRPmax ): low (<12   mg/dl) and high CRPmax (>= 12   mg/dl). A multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent prognostic factors for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). RESULTS: @entity2 (>= Grade II) occurred in 86 of 305 @entity0 (28.2%). Although @entity5 elevation (P   =   0.001) and @entity2 occurrence (P   =   0.045) was each significantly associated with @entity4 in the univariate analysis, multivariate analysis identified @entity5 elevation (P   =   0.017) but not complication occurrence (P   =   0.682) as an independent prognostic factor. Among @entity0 without complications, those in the high CRPmax group had significantly worse @entity4 than those in the low CRPmax group (P   =   0.004). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 elevation is a more reliable indicator of survival after @entity3 surgery than @entity2 occurrence. Surgeons should minimize the postoperative inflammatory response to improve prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Which is a more reliable indicator of survival after XXXX surgery: Postoperative complication occurrence or @entity5 elevation?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies including two meta-analyses have showed that delay between surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy adversely impacts @entity2 survival. This study investigated this impact at a population level over a fifteen year period in England. METHODS: The Hospital Episode Statistics database was analysed between 1997 and 2012. @entity3 and @entity1 @entity0 were collated and multivariate Cox regression analyses were undertaken to ascertain the relationship between chemotherapy delay and overall survival. RESULTS: A total of 181  984 @entity0 underwent resection without any reoperation (106  477 (58.5%) having @entity3 and 75  507 (41.5%) having @entity1 ). In total, 30  836 (16.9%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. 9019 (49.3%), 4573 (25.0%), 2587 (14.1%), 1323 (7.2%) and 804 (4.4%) of 18  306 @entity3 @entity0 received within 8 weeks, 8-10 weeks, 10-12 weeks, 12-14 weeks and 14-16 weeks, respectively. Sequentially worse overall survival was observed: <8 weeks: Ref; 8-10  wks: Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.09; 10-12  wks: HR 1.13; 12-14  wks HR 1.32 and 14-16  wks: HR 1.32, p  <  0.001. 5625 (44.9%), 3087 (24.6%), 1940 (15.5%), 1162 (9.3%) and 716 (5.7%) of 12  530 @entity1 @entity0 received within 8 weeks, 8-10 weeks, 10-12 weeks, 12-14 weeks and 14-16 weeks, respectively. Sequentially worse overall survival was observed: <8 weeks: Ref; 8-10  wks: HR 1.09; 10-12  wks: HR 1.22; 12-14  wks HR 1.23 and 14-16  wks: HR 1.31, p  <  0.001. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant chemotherapy delay adversely impacts colonic and @entity1 survival. Efforts to prevent complications such as reoperation and to improve access to chemotherapy services, will improve survival in this @entity0 cohort.

title: The impact of adjuvant chemotherapy timing on overall survival following XXXX resection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Liver fat-storing cells (FSCs) actively proliferate and secrete extracellular matrix during @entity1 . Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen for cultured FSCs. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of PDGF gene expression and production in cultured @entity0 liver FSCs. METHODS: @entity4 -chain and B-chain expression was analyzed by Northern blotting and ribonuclease protection assay, respectively. Secretion of PDGF was evaluated by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting of conditioned medium and metabolic labeling of FSC followed by immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: Three @entity4 -chain transcripts were detectable. Stimulation of FSC with @entity3 (10(-7) mol/L) or PDGF BB (20 ng/mL) increased steady-state levels of @entity5 messenger RNA. PDGF AA had a small stimulatory effect on A-chain but not B-chain messenger RNA levels. FSCs secrete PDGF in the conditioned medium. The secreted protein is bioactive, because concentrated conditioned medium induced an increase in @entity2 incorporation that was inhibited by anti-PDGF antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that cultured FSCs express @entity4 - and B-chain genes and release bioactive PDGF in the culture medium. These data raise the possibility of an autocrine or short-loop paracrine effect of PDGF in FSCs as a mechanism contributing to the maintenance of the proliferative state during @entity1 .

title: Regulation of platelet-derived growth factor secretion and gene expression in XXXX liver fat-storing cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Dahl salt-sensitive @entity1 is a well-established model to study essential @entity2 . We first described a subgroup of these @entity1 based on the unique response pattern in systolic blood pressure during the first weeks of exposure to a high salt diet that included @entity4 formation. We classified this group as @entity4 -prone Dahl salt-sensitive @entity1 . We also were able to predict and prevent @entity4 formation in these @entity1 . Further studies showed an inhibition of lens @entity6 , @entity5 -ATPase activity which may be in part responsible for the @entity4 formation. Other studies in Dahl salt-sensitive @entity1 maintained on a high salt diet have also shown decreased @entity6 , @entity5 -ATPase activity in several tissues and increased levels of endogenous circulating @entity6 , @entity5 pump inhibitors. For over 20 years, endogenous cardiotonic @entity3 have been postulated to inhibit @entity6 , @entity5 -ATPase in both @entity0 as well as in experimental animal models of @entity2 . Recent findings have shown results suggesting that there are several forms of cardiotonic @entity3 with minor differences in structural functionalities, site of production, and specific pump selectivity. We present original data that supports a role for cardiotonic @entity3 in disease progression related to increased salt-sensitivity. We found increased levels of free endogenous cardiotonic @entity3 in those @entity1 that were classified as @entity4 -prone according to their initial systolic blood pressure response to a high salt intake when compared to non- @entity4 prone Dahl salt-sensitive @entity1 and their control Dahl salt-resistant @entity1 . The @entity4 -prone Dahl salt-sensitive @entity1 is an animal model that can help and contribute to open a new door to possibly elucidate the role of endogenous cardiotonic @entity3 in the pathogenesis and progression of diseases related to salt-sensitive @entity2 .

title: A New Animal Model to Study Endogenous Cardiotonic XXXX and the Progression of Cardiovascular Events in Salt-Sensitive @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Dahl salt-sensitive @entity1 is a well-established model to study essential @entity2 . We first described a subgroup of these @entity1 based on the unique response pattern in systolic blood pressure during the first weeks of exposure to a high salt diet that included @entity4 formation. We classified this group as @entity4 -prone Dahl salt-sensitive @entity1 . We also were able to predict and prevent @entity4 formation in these @entity1 . Further studies showed an inhibition of lens @entity6 , @entity5 -ATPase activity which may be in part responsible for the @entity4 formation. Other studies in Dahl salt-sensitive @entity1 maintained on a high salt diet have also shown decreased @entity6 , @entity5 -ATPase activity in several tissues and increased levels of endogenous circulating @entity6 , @entity5 pump inhibitors. For over 20 years, endogenous cardiotonic @entity3 have been postulated to inhibit @entity6 , @entity5 -ATPase in both @entity0 as well as in experimental animal models of @entity2 . Recent findings have shown results suggesting that there are several forms of cardiotonic @entity3 with minor differences in structural functionalities, site of production, and specific pump selectivity. We present original data that supports a role for cardiotonic @entity3 in disease progression related to increased salt-sensitivity. We found increased levels of free endogenous cardiotonic @entity3 in those @entity1 that were classified as @entity4 -prone according to their initial systolic blood pressure response to a high salt intake when compared to non- @entity4 prone Dahl salt-sensitive @entity1 and their control Dahl salt-resistant @entity1 . The @entity4 -prone Dahl salt-sensitive @entity1 is an animal model that can help and contribute to open a new door to possibly elucidate the role of endogenous cardiotonic @entity3 in the pathogenesis and progression of diseases related to salt-sensitive @entity2 .

title: A New Animal Model to Study Endogenous Cardiotonic @entity3 and the Progression of Cardiovascular Events in Salt-Sensitive XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Several clinical, epidemiological, and animal studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may alter the incidence of @entity2 . A likely target for NSAIDs is cyclooxygenase, a key enzyme in @entity5 metabolism. Two isoforms of this enzyme have been identified; @entity8 and @entity6 . The present study was undertaken to determine if there is differential expression of these isoforms in @entity2 , and, if so, at what stage in malignant transformation this occurs. METHODS: @entity8 and @entity6 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were determined by Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA isolated from @entity0 @entity2 , @entity4 , and accompanying normal mucosa. RESULTS: There was a marked increase in @entity6 mRNA levels in 12 of 14 @entity3 (86%) compared with paired normal mucosa. In contrast, there was equivalent intensity of the @entity8 mRNA transcript between the normal mucosa and @entity1 in all 14 cases. In six pairs of @entity7 and normal mucosa, three showed up-regulation of @entity6 in the @entity4 compared with the normal mucosa. Because @entity6 expression is low to undetectable in normal colorectal mucosa, 14 unpaired @entity4 were examined for @entity6 expression; a clearly detectable transcript was identified in six (43%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 , but not @entity8 , gene expression is markedly elevated in most @entity0 @entity2 compared with accompanying normal mucosa. Furthermore, @entity6 expression seems to be increased in a subset of @entity4 . @entity6 may provide an attractive therapeutic target in @entity2 .

title: Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression in @entity0 XXXX and adenocarcinomas.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Several clinical, epidemiological, and animal studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may alter the incidence of @entity2 . A likely target for NSAIDs is cyclooxygenase, a key enzyme in @entity5 metabolism. Two isoforms of this enzyme have been identified; @entity8 and @entity6 . The present study was undertaken to determine if there is differential expression of these isoforms in @entity2 , and, if so, at what stage in malignant transformation this occurs. METHODS: @entity8 and @entity6 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were determined by Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA isolated from @entity0 @entity2 , @entity4 , and accompanying normal mucosa. RESULTS: There was a marked increase in @entity6 mRNA levels in 12 of 14 @entity3 (86%) compared with paired normal mucosa. In contrast, there was equivalent intensity of the @entity8 mRNA transcript between the normal mucosa and @entity1 in all 14 cases. In six pairs of @entity7 and normal mucosa, three showed up-regulation of @entity6 in the @entity4 compared with the normal mucosa. Because @entity6 expression is low to undetectable in normal colorectal mucosa, 14 unpaired @entity4 were examined for @entity6 expression; a clearly detectable transcript was identified in six (43%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 , but not @entity8 , gene expression is markedly elevated in most @entity0 @entity2 compared with accompanying normal mucosa. Furthermore, @entity6 expression seems to be increased in a subset of @entity4 . @entity6 may provide an attractive therapeutic target in @entity2 .

title: Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression in XXXX @entity7 and adenocarcinomas.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Few studies have compared the precision of various diagnostic tests used to determine the presence of @entity2 . The aim of this study was to compare the results of histological, endoscopic, and manometric tests for @entity0 with @entity2 in two closely spaced examinations. METHODS: In a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study, 192 @entity0 with complicated @entity1 had esophageal manometry and endoscopy performed at baseline and after 6 weeks. At each examination, the endoscopist localized the most proximal level of Barrett's epithelium and the lower esophageal sphincter and obtained esophageal biopsy specimens. RESULTS: One hundred sixteen @entity0 met the criteria for @entity2 on at least one of the two endoscopic examinations. Among @entity0 with specialized columnar epithelium, 20% had specialized columnar epithelium found on only one of the two examinations. Although the mean lower esophageal sphincter level did not change, approximately 10% of @entity0 had a change > or = 4 cm on endoscopy and manometry between examinations. This led to an apparent change in the diagnosis in 18% of @entity0 with @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: From one endoscopic examination to another, inconsistencies in the ability to detect specialized columnar epithelium are common. This may lead to substantial problems in establishing an accurate diagnosis of @entity2 .

title: Diagnostic inconsistencies in XXXX . Department of Veterans Affairs Gastroesophageal Reflux Study Group.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Acute @entity2 after marrow transplant is usually ascribed to acute @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or @entity1 , with a reported 40%-50% incidence of @entity1 . The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of acute @entity2 after transplantation, its causes, and its outcome. METHODS: Two hundred ninety-six @entity0 were followed up; @entity0 with @entity2 were studied using standard evaluation of stool plus immunoelectron microscopy; assays for astrovirus, picobirnavirus, and @entity8 ; and gene-probe methods for toxin-producing @entity4 . In 38 @entity0 with @entity2 , intestinal biopsy specimens and duodenal fluid were also analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred fifty acute @entity7 developed in 126 @entity0 (an incidence of 43%). @entity1 was found in 20 of 150 episodes: viruses (astrovirus, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and rotavirus) in 12 @entity0 , nosocomially acquired bacteria ( @entity6 and Aeromonas) in 7 @entity0 , and @entity3 in 1 @entity0 . Acute @entity5 was responsible for 72 of 150 episodes (48%). Clinical signs and symptoms of @entity1 and @entity5 were similar. In 58 of 150 episodes (39%), no clear etiology could be found for self-limited @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 accounted for 13% and acute @entity5 for 48% of @entity7 . The most common infecting organisms were astrovirus, @entity6 , and adenovirus. Most cases of @entity2 after marrow transplant are not caused by @entity1 .

title: Etiology and outcome of XXXX after marrow transplantation: a prospective study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. In this study we evaluated, in intact awake @entity0 , the effects of @entity1 (AII) and vasopressin ( @entity2 ) on venous tone to explain their different hemodynamic effects. 2. Cardiac index (CI) was measured by thermodilution. AII and @entity2 were infused at the doses adjusted to increase mean arterial pressure 25, 50 and 70% above baseline. Lower doses of @entity2 than AII were necessary to increase mean arterial pressure at the same levels. 3. To study whether the different effects of AII and @entity2 on CI may be explained by their different actions on the venous system, changes in venous tone were evaluated by measuring mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP) and determining the pressure gradient for venous return (PGVR). 4. @entity2 induced a decrease in CI from 32.5 +/- 2.2 to 23.1 +/- 1.7 and 15.4 +/- 0.8 ml/min/100 g (P < 0.01) with the second and third level of increase in afterload respectively, whereas AII at the same levels of afterload decreased CI from 34.8 +/- 1.3 to 28.3 +/- 2.3 and 23.4 +/- 1.7 ml/min/100 g (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the rise in total peripheral resistances (TPR) was greater with @entity2 than with AII at the highest level of afterload (P < 0.05). Heart rate significantly decreased more in the animals infused with @entity2 than with AII. 5. There were no changes in MCFP and PGVR with either AII or @entity2 . 6. These results indicate that in intact awake @entity0 the larger fall in CI induced by @entity2 can not be explained only by a greater decrease in HR since at highest levels of afterload @entity2 decreased SV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cardiovascular effects of XXXX in intact awake @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. In this study we evaluated, in intact awake @entity0 , the effects of @entity1 (AII) and vasopressin ( @entity2 ) on venous tone to explain their different hemodynamic effects. 2. Cardiac index (CI) was measured by thermodilution. AII and @entity2 were infused at the doses adjusted to increase mean arterial pressure 25, 50 and 70% above baseline. Lower doses of @entity2 than AII were necessary to increase mean arterial pressure at the same levels. 3. To study whether the different effects of AII and @entity2 on CI may be explained by their different actions on the venous system, changes in venous tone were evaluated by measuring mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP) and determining the pressure gradient for venous return (PGVR). 4. @entity2 induced a decrease in CI from 32.5 +/- 2.2 to 23.1 +/- 1.7 and 15.4 +/- 0.8 ml/min/100 g (P < 0.01) with the second and third level of increase in afterload respectively, whereas AII at the same levels of afterload decreased CI from 34.8 +/- 1.3 to 28.3 +/- 2.3 and 23.4 +/- 1.7 ml/min/100 g (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the rise in total peripheral resistances (TPR) was greater with @entity2 than with AII at the highest level of afterload (P < 0.05). Heart rate significantly decreased more in the animals infused with @entity2 than with AII. 5. There were no changes in MCFP and PGVR with either AII or @entity2 . 6. These results indicate that in intact awake @entity0 the larger fall in CI induced by @entity2 can not be explained only by a greater decrease in HR since at highest levels of afterload @entity2 decreased SV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cardiovascular effects of @entity1 in intact awake XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgery of the thyroid gland remains the main cause of bilateral @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Ventilation problem is the main problem in such situations. There are a couple of corrective surgical procedures in the case of @entity1 . The aim of our study was to show the possibility of widening of the glottis, and to evaluate the techniques and effects of surgical treatments due to bilateral @entity1 resulting from thyroid gland surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five methods of surgical treatment were used: laser-assisted posterior cordectomy, according to Denis and Kashima; laser-assisted bilateral medial arytenoidectomy, as proposed by Crumley; laser-assisted posterior ventriculocordectomy, as described by @entity2 ; laser-assisted total arytenoidectomy with posterior cordectomy, as presented by Ossoff; and laterofixation, according to Lichtenberger. The postoperative @entity0 's subjective improvement was assessed using visual analogue scale. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2014 we operated on 270 @entity0 with bilateral @entity1 . Paresis occurred as the result of the iatrogenic effect of thyroid gland surgery in 255 @entity0 (94.4%) vs. 15 (7.6%) from other causes. The majority of our @entity0 (77.6%) had undergone laser arytenoidectomy with posterior partial cordectomy, and in 13.7% of them Lichtenberger laterofixation had been performed. Ossoff 's surgery gives good ventilation results: successful decannulation (62.9% after first surgery; 97.6% final rate) and significant subjective ventilation improvement in 96% of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Ossoff 's laser arytenoidectomy with posterior cordectomy is a safe procedure that gives acceptable ventilation improvement. @entity0 report satisfactory quality of life and the possibility of returning to active professional life. Laterofixation should be considered as an alternative for tracheotomy rather than permanent procedure. (Endokrynol Pol 2015; 66 (5): 412-416).

title: Possibilities of surgical correction of XXXX after thyroid gland operations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Unusual forms and causes of @entity9 include @entity12 in the presence of normal coronary arteries ( @entity13 ), @entity3 , @entity1 , and graft @entity8 after cardiac transplantation. There is now evidence that @entity4 of coronary resistance vessels can account for abnormalities of the coronary microvasculature and possibly, @entity9 and @entity7 . The incidence of @entity13 appears to be higher in @entity0 , particularly those who have undergone hysterectomy. An intriguing hypothesis is that low @entity2 levels may be associated with reduced expression of @entity10 (reflecting @entity4 ). The presence of @entity3 in the young should not be underestimated. @entity14 and @entity11 are observed frequently in this @entity0 population and warrant vigorous exploration. Worldwide, cardiac transplantation is now carried out in approximately 4500 @entity0 yearly, with excellent (80% to 90%) 1-year survival due to improved immunosuppression. However, accelerated @entity8 develops rapidly postoperatively and is the main cause of late death. The link between cellular rejection of the myocardium and transplant @entity5 is not clear. The process of transplant @entity5 is believed to be due to chronic @entity15 followed by intimal smooth-muscle proliferation and lipid deposition in the vascular wall. By the time it is detected by coronary angiography, the disease is far advanced and not susceptible to routine revascularization procedures. A prospective, randomized study of @entity16 versus no @entity6 blocker started early after transplantation has documented highly significant reductions in transplant @entity8 as measured by lumen narrowing, clinical events, and rates of retransplantation or death due to the process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Unusual forms of XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Spontaneous @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a common @entity2 subtype with significant @entity1 . The management of @entity5 is usually supportive treatment in the neuro-intensive care setting, while the body humors deal with the @entity6 . Treatment of the @entity6 is usually expectant management unless there is @entity1 caused by mass effect from the @entity4 . Some minimally invasive techniques have been explored for lysing and evacuating the @entity6 , but none of them have gained a stronghold in the routine clinical management of this condition. Studies mainly in animal (rodent and porcine) @entity5 models have shown the role of bound and unbound @entity3 in causing @entity7 following an @entity5 . There is currently no noninvasive method for assessing @entity3 levels in the cerebral tissue following @entity5 . Our study intends to explore the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in establishing @entity3 levels in cerebral tissue at the periphery of the @entity6 following an @entity5 . Initially, an MRI phantom was constructed with varying concentrations of liquid @entity3 preparation in a water bath container. Susceptibility weighted sequences were utilized to scan this phantom to generate T2* signal magnitude measurements corresponding to the @entity3 concentration in the phantom. Encouraged by the reliability of the measurements on the phantom, @entity0 with @entity5 were then recruited into this experimental study once the inclusion criteria were met. One control and two @entity0 subjects had their brains scanned in a 3 T MRI scanner utilizing the same susceptibility weighted sequence. We found that @entity5 perihematomal brain tissue @entity3 susceptibility signal measurements were 4 times higher than those of the baseline control and normal contralateral brain tissue. Three different baseline measurements (one control and two contralateral normal brain) revealed a level of 0.1 mg/ml of @entity3 concentration in the contralateral brain tissue in the identical anatomical location as the @entity6 , typically in the basal ganglia region. T2 * signal measurements in the brain tissue at the periphery of the basal ganglia @entity6 at day 7 following @entity4 revealed @entity3 concentration of 0.4 mg/ml (approximately 4 times the baseline/control) in two @entity0 subjects included in the study. These measurements mimic those obtained in published animal @entity5 model studies.

title: Perihematomal Cerebral Tissue @entity3 Quantification on MRI Following Intracerebral XXXX in Two @entity0 Subjects: Proof of Principle.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Spontaneous @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a common @entity2 subtype with significant @entity1 . The management of @entity5 is usually supportive treatment in the neuro-intensive care setting, while the body humors deal with the @entity6 . Treatment of the @entity6 is usually expectant management unless there is @entity1 caused by mass effect from the @entity4 . Some minimally invasive techniques have been explored for lysing and evacuating the @entity6 , but none of them have gained a stronghold in the routine clinical management of this condition. Studies mainly in animal (rodent and porcine) @entity5 models have shown the role of bound and unbound @entity3 in causing @entity7 following an @entity5 . There is currently no noninvasive method for assessing @entity3 levels in the cerebral tissue following @entity5 . Our study intends to explore the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in establishing @entity3 levels in cerebral tissue at the periphery of the @entity6 following an @entity5 . Initially, an MRI phantom was constructed with varying concentrations of liquid @entity3 preparation in a water bath container. Susceptibility weighted sequences were utilized to scan this phantom to generate T2* signal magnitude measurements corresponding to the @entity3 concentration in the phantom. Encouraged by the reliability of the measurements on the phantom, @entity0 with @entity5 were then recruited into this experimental study once the inclusion criteria were met. One control and two @entity0 subjects had their brains scanned in a 3 T MRI scanner utilizing the same susceptibility weighted sequence. We found that @entity5 perihematomal brain tissue @entity3 susceptibility signal measurements were 4 times higher than those of the baseline control and normal contralateral brain tissue. Three different baseline measurements (one control and two contralateral normal brain) revealed a level of 0.1 mg/ml of @entity3 concentration in the contralateral brain tissue in the identical anatomical location as the @entity6 , typically in the basal ganglia region. T2 * signal measurements in the brain tissue at the periphery of the basal ganglia @entity6 at day 7 following @entity4 revealed @entity3 concentration of 0.4 mg/ml (approximately 4 times the baseline/control) in two @entity0 subjects included in the study. These measurements mimic those obtained in published animal @entity5 model studies.

title: Perihematomal Cerebral Tissue XXXX Quantification on MRI Following Intracerebral @entity4 in Two @entity0 Subjects: Proof of Principle.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Spontaneous @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a common @entity2 subtype with significant @entity1 . The management of @entity5 is usually supportive treatment in the neuro-intensive care setting, while the body humors deal with the @entity6 . Treatment of the @entity6 is usually expectant management unless there is @entity1 caused by mass effect from the @entity4 . Some minimally invasive techniques have been explored for lysing and evacuating the @entity6 , but none of them have gained a stronghold in the routine clinical management of this condition. Studies mainly in animal (rodent and porcine) @entity5 models have shown the role of bound and unbound @entity3 in causing @entity7 following an @entity5 . There is currently no noninvasive method for assessing @entity3 levels in the cerebral tissue following @entity5 . Our study intends to explore the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in establishing @entity3 levels in cerebral tissue at the periphery of the @entity6 following an @entity5 . Initially, an MRI phantom was constructed with varying concentrations of liquid @entity3 preparation in a water bath container. Susceptibility weighted sequences were utilized to scan this phantom to generate T2* signal magnitude measurements corresponding to the @entity3 concentration in the phantom. Encouraged by the reliability of the measurements on the phantom, @entity0 with @entity5 were then recruited into this experimental study once the inclusion criteria were met. One control and two @entity0 subjects had their brains scanned in a 3 T MRI scanner utilizing the same susceptibility weighted sequence. We found that @entity5 perihematomal brain tissue @entity3 susceptibility signal measurements were 4 times higher than those of the baseline control and normal contralateral brain tissue. Three different baseline measurements (one control and two contralateral normal brain) revealed a level of 0.1 mg/ml of @entity3 concentration in the contralateral brain tissue in the identical anatomical location as the @entity6 , typically in the basal ganglia region. T2 * signal measurements in the brain tissue at the periphery of the basal ganglia @entity6 at day 7 following @entity4 revealed @entity3 concentration of 0.4 mg/ml (approximately 4 times the baseline/control) in two @entity0 subjects included in the study. These measurements mimic those obtained in published animal @entity5 model studies.

title: Perihematomal Cerebral Tissue @entity3 Quantification on MRI Following Intracerebral @entity4 in Two XXXX Subjects: Proof of Principle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 is the most common indication for high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and @entity8 maintenance after transplant is now standard. Although @entity8 doubles progression-free survival, almost all @entity0 eventually relapse. Posttransplant immunotherapy to improve outcomes after ASCT therefore has great merit but first requires delineation of the dynamics of immune reconstitution. We evaluated lymphocyte composition and function after ASCT to guide optimal timing of immunotherapy and to identify potential markers of relapse. @entity5 cells (Treg) decline as @entity2 (+) T cells expand during early lymphocyte recovery after ASCT, markedly reducing the Treg: @entity2 (+) effector T-cell ratio. These @entity2 (+) T cells can respond to autologous dendritic cells presenting tumor antigen in vitro as early as day +12 after transplant, becoming antigen-specific cytolytic T-lymphocyte effectors and thereby demonstrating preservation of cellular reactivity. @entity1 (+) and @entity2 (+) T cells express the negative regulatory molecules, @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity11 , and @entity10 , before and after ASCT. A subpopulation of exhausted/senescent @entity2 (+) T cells, however, downregulates @entity3 and upregulates @entity7 and @entity9 , characterizing immune impairment and relapse after ASCT. Relapsing @entity0 have higher numbers of these cells at +3 months after transplant, but before detection of clinical disease, indicating their applicability in identifying @entity0 at higher risk of relapse. @entity9 blockade also revives the proliferation and cytokine secretion of the hyporesponsive, exhausted/senescent @entity2 (+) T cells in vitro. Collectively, these results identify T-cell exhaustion/senescence as a distinguishing feature of relapse and support early introduction of immunotherapy to stimulate antitumor immunity after ASCT. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(1); 1-11.   2015 AACR.

title: T-cell Exhaustion in XXXX after Autotransplant: Optimal Timing of Immunotherapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lymphovascular invasion is an important pathway of metastatic spread and regional lymph node @entity0 is the major prognostic factor in @entity3 . D2-40 is used to identify the lymphatic vessels and to assess the lymphatic vessel density (LVD). Expression of @entity4 may be related to invasion and progression of @entity2 cells in several @entity1 . AIM: To evaluate intra- and peritumoral LVD through immunohistochemical expression of D2-40 in relation to @entity4 expression and clinicopathological parameters in @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining procedure was performed on 53 paraffin-embedded blocks of radical prostatectomy specimens for @entity3 using anti D2-40 and @entity4 antibodies. Sections were evaluated for mean LVD in intratumoral and peritumoral tissues assessed by D2-40 expression. RESULTS: LVD in intratumoral tissues was significantly lower compared with peritumoral areas (P = .0001). Peritumoral mean LVD was significantly higher in cases with @entity0 (P = .041) and in cases with positive lymph node @entity0 (P = .003) than intratumoral mean LVD. High @entity4 expression was significantly correlated with high @entity1 grade (P = .0001), @entity0 (P = .006), and positive lymph node @entity0 (P = .004). High @entity4 expression was significantly associated with increased mean LVD in peritumoral tissues. CONCLUSION: Increased peritumoral mean LVD in @entity3 is associated with @entity0 and positive lymph node @entity0 . High @entity4 expression is associated with high @entity1 grade, lymphocascular invasion, positive lymph node @entity0 , and high mean peritumoral LVD suggesting that D2-40 and @entity4 may represent different mechanisms of lymphatic vessel invasion with both biomarkers is related to poor prognosis.

title: Prognostic Significance of Lymphatic Vessel Density Detected by D2-40 and Its Relation to @entity4 Expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lymphovascular invasion is an important pathway of metastatic spread and regional lymph node @entity0 is the major prognostic factor in @entity3 . D2-40 is used to identify the lymphatic vessels and to assess the lymphatic vessel density (LVD). Expression of @entity4 may be related to invasion and progression of @entity2 cells in several @entity1 . AIM: To evaluate intra- and peritumoral LVD through immunohistochemical expression of D2-40 in relation to @entity4 expression and clinicopathological parameters in @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining procedure was performed on 53 paraffin-embedded blocks of radical prostatectomy specimens for @entity3 using anti D2-40 and @entity4 antibodies. Sections were evaluated for mean LVD in intratumoral and peritumoral tissues assessed by D2-40 expression. RESULTS: LVD in intratumoral tissues was significantly lower compared with peritumoral areas (P = .0001). Peritumoral mean LVD was significantly higher in cases with @entity0 (P = .041) and in cases with positive lymph node @entity0 (P = .003) than intratumoral mean LVD. High @entity4 expression was significantly correlated with high @entity1 grade (P = .0001), @entity0 (P = .006), and positive lymph node @entity0 (P = .004). High @entity4 expression was significantly associated with increased mean LVD in peritumoral tissues. CONCLUSION: Increased peritumoral mean LVD in @entity3 is associated with @entity0 and positive lymph node @entity0 . High @entity4 expression is associated with high @entity1 grade, lymphocascular invasion, positive lymph node @entity0 , and high mean peritumoral LVD suggesting that D2-40 and @entity4 may represent different mechanisms of lymphatic vessel invasion with both biomarkers is related to poor prognosis.

title: Prognostic Significance of Lymphatic Vessel Density Detected by D2-40 and Its Relation to XXXX Expression in @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The initiation and progression of @entity0 is a complex process that is influenced by heterogeneous cell populations within the @entity2 microenvironment. Although adipocytes have been shown to promote @entity0 development, adipocyte characteristics involved in this process remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate enrichment of beige/brown @entity3 markers, contributed from the host as well as @entity2 cells, in the xenografts from @entity0 cell lines. In addition to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) that is exclusively expressed in beige/brown adipocytes, gene expression for classical brown ( @entity7 , @entity10 , and @entity12 ) as well as beige ( @entity8 / @entity8 and @entity9 ) adipocyte markers was also elevated in the xenografts. Enrichment of beige/brown characteristics in the xenografts was independent of the site of implantation of the @entity0 cells. Early stages of xenografts showed an expansion of a subset of mammary @entity2 stem cells that expressed @entity6 , a master regulator of brown adipocyte differentiation. Depletion of @entity4 (+) or @entity7 (+) cells significantly reduced @entity2 development. There was increased @entity5 ( @entity5 ) expression, which is known to stimulate formation of beige adipocytes in early xenografts and treatment with a @entity5 inhibitor ( @entity11 ) reduced @entity2 growth. In contrast, treatment with factors that induce brown adipocyte differentiation in vitro led to larger @entity2 in vivo. A panel of xenografts derived from established @entity0 cells as well as @entity1 @entity2 tissues were generated that expressed key brown @entity3 tissue-related markers and contained cells that morphologically resembled brown adipocytes. IMPLICATIONS: This is the first report demonstrating that beige/brown adipocyte characteristics could play an important role in @entity0 development and suggest a potential target for therapeutic drug design. Mol Cancer Res; 14(1); 78-92.   2015 AACR.

title: Increased Expression of Beige/Brown @entity3 Markers from Host and XXXX Cells Influence Xenograft Formation in Mice.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The initiation and progression of @entity0 is a complex process that is influenced by heterogeneous cell populations within the @entity2 microenvironment. Although adipocytes have been shown to promote @entity0 development, adipocyte characteristics involved in this process remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate enrichment of beige/brown @entity3 markers, contributed from the host as well as @entity2 cells, in the xenografts from @entity0 cell lines. In addition to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) that is exclusively expressed in beige/brown adipocytes, gene expression for classical brown ( @entity7 , @entity10 , and @entity12 ) as well as beige ( @entity8 / @entity8 and @entity9 ) adipocyte markers was also elevated in the xenografts. Enrichment of beige/brown characteristics in the xenografts was independent of the site of implantation of the @entity0 cells. Early stages of xenografts showed an expansion of a subset of mammary @entity2 stem cells that expressed @entity6 , a master regulator of brown adipocyte differentiation. Depletion of @entity4 (+) or @entity7 (+) cells significantly reduced @entity2 development. There was increased @entity5 ( @entity5 ) expression, which is known to stimulate formation of beige adipocytes in early xenografts and treatment with a @entity5 inhibitor ( @entity11 ) reduced @entity2 growth. In contrast, treatment with factors that induce brown adipocyte differentiation in vitro led to larger @entity2 in vivo. A panel of xenografts derived from established @entity0 cells as well as @entity1 @entity2 tissues were generated that expressed key brown @entity3 tissue-related markers and contained cells that morphologically resembled brown adipocytes. IMPLICATIONS: This is the first report demonstrating that beige/brown adipocyte characteristics could play an important role in @entity0 development and suggest a potential target for therapeutic drug design. Mol Cancer Res; 14(1); 78-92.   2015 AACR.

title: Increased Expression of Beige/Brown XXXX Markers from Host and @entity0 Cells Influence Xenograft Formation in Mice.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 leads to high mortality, therefore risk stratification is important. The abbMEDS (abbreviated Mortality Emergency Department @entity1 ) score assesses @entity1 severity and predicts mortality. In @entity2 , the CURB-65 (Confusion, Urea, Respiration, Blood pressure, Age) also provides support in clinical decisions regarding antibiotic treatment and clinical disposition. We investigated the predictive value and feasibility of the abbMEDS and CURB-65 in @entity1 @entity0 at the @entity3 and the relationship between the scores and antibiotic treatment and clinical disposition (i.e. admission and type of ward). METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we included 725 @entity1 @entity0 at the @entity3 . We investigated the value in predicting 28-day mortality and feasibility of both scores. We calibrated the abbMEDS. We further assessed the relationship between the three risk categories per score and antibiotic treatment (i.e. oral and intravenous narrow or broad-spectrum) and clinical disposition. RESULTS: Both abbMEDS and CURB-65 were good predictors of 28-day mortality (13.0%) (AUC 0.77 [95% CI 0.72 - 0.83] and 0.73 [95% CI 0.67 - 0.78], respectively) and feasible (complete score 92.7 and 93.9%, respectively). In the high risk category of the abbMEDS, all @entity0 were admitted and treated with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics. In the high risk category of the CURB-65, 2.5% were not admitted and 4.4% received no antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Both abbMEDS and CURB-65 are good predictors of 28-day mortality in septic @entity3 @entity0 . The abbMEDS is well calibrated and matches current clinical decisions concerning antibiotic treatment and clinical disposition, while this is less so for the CURB-65. In the future, use of the abbMEDS at the @entity3 may improve @entity1 care when its value as a decision support tool can be confirmed.

title: Risk stratification by abbMEDS and CURB-65 in relation to treatment and clinical disposition of the septic XXXX at the emergency department: a cohort study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Over the last two decades, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been proposed in various causes of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) but some indications are debated. Current trends in NIV use are unknown. METHODS: Comparison of three multicenter prospective audits including all @entity0 receiving mechanical ventilation and conducted in 1997, 2002, and 2011 in francophone countries. RESULTS: Among the 4132 @entity0 enrolled, 2094 (51  %) required ventilatory support for @entity1 and 2038 (49 %) for non-respiratory conditions. Overall NIV use was markedly increased in 2010/11 compared to 1997 and 2002 (37  % of mechanically ventilated @entity0 vs. 16  % and 28  %, P  <  0.05). In 2010/11, the use of first-line NIV for @entity1 had reached a plateau (24  % vs. 16  % and 23  %, P  <  0.05) whereas pre-ICU and post-extubation NIV had substantially increased (11  % vs. 4  % and 11  % vs. 7  %, respectively, P  <  0.05). First-line NIV remained stable in acute-on-chronic RF, continued to increase in @entity2 , but decreased in de novo @entity1 (16  % in 2010/11 vs. 23  % in 2002, P  <  0.05). The NIV success rate increased from 56  % in 2002 to 70  % in 2010/11 and remained the lowest in de novo @entity1 . NIV failure in de novo @entity1 was associated with increased mortality in 2002 but not in 2010/11. Mortality decreased over time, and overall, NIV use was associated with a lower mortality. CONCLUSION: Increases in NIV use and success rate, an overall decrease in mortality, and a decrease of the adverse impact NIV failure has in de novo @entity1 suggest better @entity0 selection and greater proficiency of staff in administering NIV. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT01449331.

title: Changing use of noninvasive ventilation in critically ill XXXX : trends over 15  years in francophone countries.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The evolution and phenotypic expression of mucosal lesions of the @entity3 were investigated in male @entity1 submitted to gastric resection with reconstruction by the Billroth II technique (BII with biliopancreatic reflux, BPR) or by the Roux-en-Y procedure (without BPR). Animals were studied at 24, 36, 54 and 64 weeks after surgery and the phenotypic expression of lesions analysed using routine @entity7 and @entity8 staining, immunohistochemical staining for pepsinogen isoenzyme 1 and histochemical procedures for mucins (paradoxical concanavalin A, @entity10 oxidase Schiff (GOS) and sialidase GOS reactions). BPR was found to be responsible for the formation of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), increasing in incidence and size with time, since the Roux-en-Y procedure failed to induce the @entity3 lesions observed after BII reconstruction. AHs always occurred in the transition of the @entity9 , a site offering special conditions for BPR influence, and were classified as gastric (G), intestinal (I) and G+I types according to their phenotypic expression. No pure I type @entity6 was diagnosed at any time point. The G and G+I types developed at approximately equal incidences (i.e., G type 7/17, G+I type 10/17 at the 64th week). It was suggested that both gastric and intestinal mucosal elements were stimulated to proliferate by BPR, with the @entity3 tending to demonstrate @entity6 . Intestinal type components of @entity6 were found adjacent to the jejunum and not at the stomach margin, indicating an origin from intestinal mucosa. No metaplasia of the @entity3 was observed in any animal after partial gastric resection. In 101 @entity1 submitted to the BII procedure, 5 mucinous @entity4 were eventually diagnosed, mostly located in the subserosa of the @entity9 . All @entity2 expressed the phenotype of cells of the small intestine. Evidence of @entity5 was not observed even at the 64th week. In conclusion, all lesions induced by BPR in the @entity1 remnant stomach are benign, and the few true @entity0 that arise in association are derived from the small intestine.

title: Gastric and small intestinal lesions after partial stomach resection with Billroth II or Roux-en-Y reconstruction in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Shunt revision is inevitable in most shunted hydrocephalic @entity0 but the revisions rarely affect the prognosis markedly. This report presents the case of an otherwise healthy @entity0 who, after an uneventful gestation and birth, manifested @entity6 in the neonatal period and was shunted at the age of 3 months. His subsequent development and school performance were normal until the age of 10 years, when he developed his first episode of @entity2 . During the emergency shunt revision, @entity4 occurred, causing @entity1 and signs. In the promptly undertaken reoperation external drainage was inserted but accidentally without a functioning air needle. The intracranial pressure (ICP) rose to 40 cm @entity7 before correction. These incidents were followed by a 4-month period of unstable shunt function (12 reoperations) and deteriorating neurology. When stable shunt function was eventually achieved, he had severe @entity5 , minimal active motor function and no active speech. During a 2-year period of rehabilitation, he recovered almost normal motor function and normal intellectual function. Memory functions, vigilance and concentration span remained clearly subnormal. He returned to normal school and his performance is average. It is concluded that the relatively favourable outcome is the probable result of reversible partial @entity8 and @entity3 .

title: Clinical outcome after near-fatal late shunt complication in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Two @entity3 cell lines, Breast M25-SF and Breast M, were established from @entity2 tissue resected surgically from a @entity1 with @entity0 . One, Breast M25-SF, expresses @entity5 ( @entity5 ) on the cell surface and the other, Breast M does not. The effects of recombinant @entity4 ( @entity6 ) on the proliferation of these cell lines were investigated. The growth of Breast M25-SF was significantly promoted by @entity6 ranging from 1.25 U/ml to 640 U/ml. Anti- @entity5 (Tac) antibody significantly blocked the growth enhancement of Breast M25-SF by @entity6 . Breast M, however, did not respond to @entity6 . To confirm more directly the promotion of Breast M25-SF growth by @entity6 , cloning of @entity4 responders from parent Breast M25-SF cells was carried out by limiting dilution without feeder cells in 96-well microplates. No colony formation was found in 24 wells without @entity6 . Eleven, 13 and 6 clones were established from groups of 24 wells containing @entity6 at 200, 20 and 2 U/ml respectively. All of the clones expressed @entity5 and respond to @entity6 . By using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction technique, we demonstrated that Breast M25-SF but not Breast M expressed @entity4 mRNA, and @entity4 secretion from Breast M25-SF but not Breast M was also confirmed by radioimmunoassay. These findings suggest a role for @entity4 in autocrine support of Breast M25-SF growth. @entity4 may play an important role in the growth control of @entity0 cells.

title: Increased proliferation of a @entity1 @entity0 cell line by recombinant XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Two @entity3 cell lines, Breast M25-SF and Breast M, were established from @entity2 tissue resected surgically from a @entity1 with @entity0 . One, Breast M25-SF, expresses @entity5 ( @entity5 ) on the cell surface and the other, Breast M does not. The effects of recombinant @entity4 ( @entity6 ) on the proliferation of these cell lines were investigated. The growth of Breast M25-SF was significantly promoted by @entity6 ranging from 1.25 U/ml to 640 U/ml. Anti- @entity5 (Tac) antibody significantly blocked the growth enhancement of Breast M25-SF by @entity6 . Breast M, however, did not respond to @entity6 . To confirm more directly the promotion of Breast M25-SF growth by @entity6 , cloning of @entity4 responders from parent Breast M25-SF cells was carried out by limiting dilution without feeder cells in 96-well microplates. No colony formation was found in 24 wells without @entity6 . Eleven, 13 and 6 clones were established from groups of 24 wells containing @entity6 at 200, 20 and 2 U/ml respectively. All of the clones expressed @entity5 and respond to @entity6 . By using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction technique, we demonstrated that Breast M25-SF but not Breast M expressed @entity4 mRNA, and @entity4 secretion from Breast M25-SF but not Breast M was also confirmed by radioimmunoassay. These findings suggest a role for @entity4 in autocrine support of Breast M25-SF growth. @entity4 may play an important role in the growth control of @entity0 cells.

title: Increased proliferation of a @entity1 XXXX cell line by recombinant @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two @entity3 cell lines, Breast M25-SF and Breast M, were established from @entity2 tissue resected surgically from a @entity1 with @entity0 . One, Breast M25-SF, expresses @entity5 ( @entity5 ) on the cell surface and the other, Breast M does not. The effects of recombinant @entity4 ( @entity6 ) on the proliferation of these cell lines were investigated. The growth of Breast M25-SF was significantly promoted by @entity6 ranging from 1.25 U/ml to 640 U/ml. Anti- @entity5 (Tac) antibody significantly blocked the growth enhancement of Breast M25-SF by @entity6 . Breast M, however, did not respond to @entity6 . To confirm more directly the promotion of Breast M25-SF growth by @entity6 , cloning of @entity4 responders from parent Breast M25-SF cells was carried out by limiting dilution without feeder cells in 96-well microplates. No colony formation was found in 24 wells without @entity6 . Eleven, 13 and 6 clones were established from groups of 24 wells containing @entity6 at 200, 20 and 2 U/ml respectively. All of the clones expressed @entity5 and respond to @entity6 . By using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction technique, we demonstrated that Breast M25-SF but not Breast M expressed @entity4 mRNA, and @entity4 secretion from Breast M25-SF but not Breast M was also confirmed by radioimmunoassay. These findings suggest a role for @entity4 in autocrine support of Breast M25-SF growth. @entity4 may play an important role in the growth control of @entity0 cells.

title: Increased proliferation of a XXXX @entity0 cell line by recombinant @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: An open-label, nonrandomized, multicenter study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous (i.v.) @entity7 , followed by oral @entity7 and/or some other antimicrobial, as presumptive (empiric) therapy in hospitalized @entity0 with clinical and bacteriologic evidence of @entity3 . Out of a total of 149 @entity0 recruited by 31 physician investigators, 148 were assessable for the determination of clinical efficacy and 102 @entity0 were assessable for bacteriologic efficacy. All 149 @entity0 were included in the evaluation of the safety of i.v. @entity7 . The mean duration of IV @entity7 therapy was 6 days, and 111 @entity0 were subsequently switched to oral treatment with @entity7 and/or some other antimicrobial. A clinically favorable response was achieved using i.v. @entity7 in 48 (75%) of 64 @entity0 with @entity1 ; 4 (80%) of 5 @entity0 with other @entity6 ( @entity6 ); 21 (88%) of 24 @entity0 with @entity11 ; all 7 (100%) @entity0 with complicated @entity8 ; 16 (94%) of 17 @entity0 with other complicated urinary tract @entity3 (UTI); all 8 (100%) @entity0 with @entity10 ; both (100%) @entity0 with infected @entity5 ; 4 (80%) of 5 @entity0 with other skin or skin structure @entity3 ; 5 (83%) of 6 @entity0 with @entity2 ; all 8 (100%) @entity0 with @entity4 ; the 1 (100%) @entity0 with acute @entity9 ; and the 1 (100%) @entity0 with @entity12 . Of the 88 @entity0 from these @entity3 categories who were switched to oral @entity7 , only 2 @entity0 (2.3%) were classified as a clinical failure at the end of all therapy. Eradication of the causative pathogen was demonstrated with i.v. @entity7 in 18 (55%) of 33 assessable @entity0 with @entity1 ; 1 (25%) of 4 @entity0 with other @entity6 ; 17 (81%) of 21 @entity0 with @entity11 ; 3 (43%) of 7 @entity0 with complicated @entity8 ; 9 (69%) of 13 @entity0 with other complicated UTI; 3 (60%) of 5 @entity0 with @entity10 ; neither (0%) of the 2 @entity0 with infected @entity5 ; 3 (50%) of 6 @entity0 with other skin or skin structure @entity3 ; 2 (33%) of 6 @entity0 with @entity2 ; and 4 (80%) of 5 @entity0 with @entity4 . A causative pathogen was not isolated in the 1 @entity0 with @entity12 ; initial bacteriologic culture was not available for the @entity0 with acute @entity9 . Of the 56 bacteriologically assessable @entity0 from these @entity3 categories who were switched to oral @entity7 , there were only 3 @entity0 (5.4%) in whom the causative bacterial pathogens were not successfully eradicated at the end of all therapy. There were no unexpected adverse events with the use of i.v. @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Sequential intravenous/oral XXXX as an empiric antimicrobial therapy: results of a Canadian multicenter study. The Canadian Collaborative Investigational Group.

answer: @entity7


abstract: This study was conducted to compare the coronary flow distributed by single and bilateral internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafts in the setting of the left main @entity3 . Ten @entity0 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting through a left thoracotomy, off pump, using a brief local occlusion to perform the @entity1 . @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive either a single left ITA (LITA) graft to the circumflex coronary artery (CFX), or bilateral ITA grafts, with additional placement of the right ITA (RITA) to the left anterior descending artery (LAD). After the grafts were placed, the left main coronary artery was ligated. Electromagnetic flows were obtained in the LAD and the CFX proximally and distally to ITA grafts in both groups before grafting and after grafting. ITA flow in situ was also measured before rotation from the chest wall. Total left ventricular flow requirements were satisfied equally well by either a single LITA graft (116.7 +/- 11.6 mL/min) or bilateral ITA grafts (total, 116.8 +/- 9.6 mL/min divided as LITA, 55.9 +/- 7.4 mL/min; RITA, 60.9 +/- 12.0 mL/min). When two grafts were replaced, competitive flow in the proximal regions of both native vessels was noted, although basal flow requirements were maintained. When an individual graft was occluded in the bilaterally grafted system, the remaining graft immediately recruited the additional flow, demonstrating that either right or left ITA can support flow demands five to six times higher than in situ chest wall flow (RITA, 21.9 +/- 3.1 mL/min; LITA, 22.3 +/- 4.9 mL/min). These data suggest that in this @entity0 model, a single ITA graft can support the entire flow requirements of the left ventricle. Assuming no intervening @entity2 is present in native coronary systems, bilateral ITA grafting may provide a margin of safety, but under resting conditions, provides no perfusion advantages over a single ITA graft.

title: Bilateral vs single internal thoracic artery grafting for left main XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Increasing evidence indicates that the application of stressor paradigms in experimental animals affects @entity2 incidence and progression. However, a high heterogeneity appears both for the animal- @entity2 system used and for the characteristics of the stressor employed. A high variability was observed also with the application of rotational stress, a carefully and widely characterized mild psychological stressor, to @entity3 @entity0 . The aim of this work has been therefore to examine the possible seasonal dependency of the effects of experimental stressors (rotational stress, forced immobilization and electric foot shock) on spontaneous lung @entity1 formation in @entity3 @entity0 . The possible participation of pineal gland and of @entity4 have also been examined including in the experimental protocol the measurement of @entity4 urinary excretion. The stressor paradigms used significantly increased @entity1 weight in spring, in comparison with non-stressed animals. When examined in winter, rotational stress and foot shock significantly decreased @entity1 formation, in comparison with non-stressed @entity3 . The effects of forced immobilization were not season-dependent. The @entity4 urinary excretion has been measured in relation to the seasonal effects of rotational stress. Nocturnal @entity4 excretion is markedly increased by rotational stress in spring and is remarkably decreased in winter. These variations in endogenous @entity4 levels caused by rotational stress appear to directly correlate with the effects of the stressor or @entity1 . These results lend support to the view that the mechanisms underlying the @entity2 enhancing action of stressors involve the psychoneuroendocrine network, and indicate the relevance of chronobiology in experimental @entity2 research and neuro-immuno-modulation.

title: Seasonal dependency of the effects of experimental stressors on @entity2 @entity1 in @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Increasing evidence indicates that the application of stressor paradigms in experimental animals affects @entity2 incidence and progression. However, a high heterogeneity appears both for the animal- @entity2 system used and for the characteristics of the stressor employed. A high variability was observed also with the application of rotational stress, a carefully and widely characterized mild psychological stressor, to @entity3 @entity0 . The aim of this work has been therefore to examine the possible seasonal dependency of the effects of experimental stressors (rotational stress, forced immobilization and electric foot shock) on spontaneous lung @entity1 formation in @entity3 @entity0 . The possible participation of pineal gland and of @entity4 have also been examined including in the experimental protocol the measurement of @entity4 urinary excretion. The stressor paradigms used significantly increased @entity1 weight in spring, in comparison with non-stressed animals. When examined in winter, rotational stress and foot shock significantly decreased @entity1 formation, in comparison with non-stressed @entity3 . The effects of forced immobilization were not season-dependent. The @entity4 urinary excretion has been measured in relation to the seasonal effects of rotational stress. Nocturnal @entity4 excretion is markedly increased by rotational stress in spring and is remarkably decreased in winter. These variations in endogenous @entity4 levels caused by rotational stress appear to directly correlate with the effects of the stressor or @entity1 . These results lend support to the view that the mechanisms underlying the @entity2 enhancing action of stressors involve the psychoneuroendocrine network, and indicate the relevance of chronobiology in experimental @entity2 research and neuro-immuno-modulation.

title: Seasonal dependency of the effects of experimental stressors on @entity2 XXXX in @entity3 @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Increasing evidence indicates that the application of stressor paradigms in experimental animals affects @entity2 incidence and progression. However, a high heterogeneity appears both for the animal- @entity2 system used and for the characteristics of the stressor employed. A high variability was observed also with the application of rotational stress, a carefully and widely characterized mild psychological stressor, to @entity3 @entity0 . The aim of this work has been therefore to examine the possible seasonal dependency of the effects of experimental stressors (rotational stress, forced immobilization and electric foot shock) on spontaneous lung @entity1 formation in @entity3 @entity0 . The possible participation of pineal gland and of @entity4 have also been examined including in the experimental protocol the measurement of @entity4 urinary excretion. The stressor paradigms used significantly increased @entity1 weight in spring, in comparison with non-stressed animals. When examined in winter, rotational stress and foot shock significantly decreased @entity1 formation, in comparison with non-stressed @entity3 . The effects of forced immobilization were not season-dependent. The @entity4 urinary excretion has been measured in relation to the seasonal effects of rotational stress. Nocturnal @entity4 excretion is markedly increased by rotational stress in spring and is remarkably decreased in winter. These variations in endogenous @entity4 levels caused by rotational stress appear to directly correlate with the effects of the stressor or @entity1 . These results lend support to the view that the mechanisms underlying the @entity2 enhancing action of stressors involve the psychoneuroendocrine network, and indicate the relevance of chronobiology in experimental @entity2 research and neuro-immuno-modulation.

title: Seasonal dependency of the effects of experimental stressors on XXXX @entity1 in @entity3 @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Increasing evidence indicates that the application of stressor paradigms in experimental animals affects @entity2 incidence and progression. However, a high heterogeneity appears both for the animal- @entity2 system used and for the characteristics of the stressor employed. A high variability was observed also with the application of rotational stress, a carefully and widely characterized mild psychological stressor, to @entity3 @entity0 . The aim of this work has been therefore to examine the possible seasonal dependency of the effects of experimental stressors (rotational stress, forced immobilization and electric foot shock) on spontaneous lung @entity1 formation in @entity3 @entity0 . The possible participation of pineal gland and of @entity4 have also been examined including in the experimental protocol the measurement of @entity4 urinary excretion. The stressor paradigms used significantly increased @entity1 weight in spring, in comparison with non-stressed animals. When examined in winter, rotational stress and foot shock significantly decreased @entity1 formation, in comparison with non-stressed @entity3 . The effects of forced immobilization were not season-dependent. The @entity4 urinary excretion has been measured in relation to the seasonal effects of rotational stress. Nocturnal @entity4 excretion is markedly increased by rotational stress in spring and is remarkably decreased in winter. These variations in endogenous @entity4 levels caused by rotational stress appear to directly correlate with the effects of the stressor or @entity1 . These results lend support to the view that the mechanisms underlying the @entity2 enhancing action of stressors involve the psychoneuroendocrine network, and indicate the relevance of chronobiology in experimental @entity2 research and neuro-immuno-modulation.

title: Seasonal dependency of the effects of experimental stressors on @entity2 @entity1 in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Computerized tomographic (CT) scan-guided percutaneous @entity4 has changed the colon and rectal surgeon's approach to preoperative and @entity2 . This study is an effort to prove the efficacy of CT scan-guided percutaneous drainage. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 133 @entity0 who underwent CT scan @entity4 over a 6.3-year period. RESULTS: 67 @entity0 had underlying lower @entity1 . Twenty-three of these @entity0 (34 percent) had spontaneous abscesses and underwent drainage as a preoperative or final modality, whereas 44 @entity0 (66 percent) were drained postoperatively. In 78 percent of @entity0 , surgery was successfully avoided or delayed. Ten @entity0 had acute @entity3 associated with a large pelvic abscess. Eight @entity0 underwent successful CT scan-guided percutaneous drainage, yielding an 80 percent success rate. Morbidity from the CT scan-guided percutaneous drainage procedure in spontaneous and postoperative groups was 0 percent and 9 percent, respectively. Mortality was 9 percent and 11 percent, respectively, and associated with an elevated Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score. CONCLUSION: CT scan-guided percutaneous @entity4 is an important adjunct to colon and rectal surgery because roughly 80 percent of spontaneous and postoperative abscesses were successfully managed.

title: Computerized tomographic scan-guided XXXX . Preoperative and postoperative modalities in colon and rectal surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity9 , the early stage of schistosomal disease, occurs 3 to 6 weeks after @entity5 . The main symptoms are @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity1 and @entity10 . @entity8 is a constant finding. The syndrome developed in a group of Dutch tourists after a visit in early November 1975 to the Omo National Park, southwest Ethiopia. Eight out of 10 infected @entity0 became clinically ill. The incubation period varied from 4 to 41 days with a mean of 26 days. Pyrexia occurred in 6 @entity0 , usually associated with @entity2 and @entity7 ; only to one @entity0 the @entity4 lasted for more than two weeks. @entity4 followed by @entity1 was present in one @entity0 . Two @entity0 were afebrile, one suffered from @entity3 , the other from @entity10 . Two visitors remained asymptomatic, but the results of serological tests showed that they were also infected. The liver function was disturbed in one @entity0 during the febrile period and further deteriorated during treatment with @entity11 . @entity6 eggs were detected in small numbers in two @entity0 , 6 months and 19 months after @entity5 . Obviously the tourists harboured few adult worms. They probably had been infected by few cercariae; the possibility that they were infected by cercariae of a @entity6 not well adapted to @entity0 was considered.

title: The XXXX ; an outbreak in Dutch tourists to the Omo National Park, Ethiopia.

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is characterised by @entity2 that are regularly elicited by some specific stimulus or event mediated by neural pathways. In a prospective study of 1287 @entity1 @entity0 seen at Peradeniya, 223 (17.3%) were found to have @entity4 , eating being the commonest stimulus (191 @entity0 , 85.7%). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was relatively rare. Intermittent photic stimulation on 874 unselected @entity1 @entity0 produced a positive @entity5 response in 60 (6.9%). None had photosensitive @entity2 , but 3 had a higher frequency of @entity2 while watching television. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) had the highest prevalence at Peradeniya (148/1000 @entity1 @entity0 ). This group was male predominant, and the onset of @entity1 in most cases was in the second decade. The majority experienced @entity2 . Repetitive and chronic stimulation of the amygdala during eating is suggested as the mechanism underlying @entity4 . Twenty-one @entity0 had @entity2 evoked by calculation, problem solving or spatial tasks. @entity3 was the commonest form of @entity1 in them. Although @entity4 itself is rare, @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was common. There were 8 @entity0 who self-induced @entity2 . The majority were photosensitive and they induced @entity2 by gazing at the sun and waving a hand in front of the eyes. In the management of REs, clobazam produced impressive results. As for possible @entity2 -inhibitory mechanisms, our studies on a "Sathi" mediator showed definite EEG changes during mediation. Can mediation increase the @entity2 -threshold and abort or prevent the propagation of the @entity1 discharge? The answer, apart from its possible therapeutic applications, may provide insight into the mechanisms of @entity2 generation.

title: XXXX : experience in Sri Lanka.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity2 (group 1) with @entity3 (group 2) in the management of pregnancy induced @entity1 (PIH). DESIGN: A prospective clinical trial. SETTING: Obstetric Unit, General Hospital, Peradeniya. @entity0 : A total of 126 @entity0 with PIH were allocated alternately to either group. The @entity0 in group 1 received @entity2 30 to 90 mg/day and in group 2 @entity3 750 to 2000 mg/day. MEASUREMENTS: Blood pressure, the extra days added to the pregnancy, number of @entity0 treated for acute @entity1 episodes, maturity of fetus at birth, mode of delivery, birth weight, intrauterine deaths, Apgar score, maternal side effects and complications. RESULTS: The two groups on admission to the study had similar periods of gestation (group 1, 33.6 + 5.9, group 2, 34.1 + 4.2), systolic blood pressure in mmHg (151 + 22, and 154 + 24) and diastolic blood pressure (108 + 12, and 108 + 12). The results showed no differences between the two groups, with respect to maturity of fetus at delivery (35.1 + 5.5, and 35.7 + 2.9), mode of delivery, number of intrauterine deaths, average systolic blood pressure in mmHg (148 + 14 and 152 + 16), average diastolic blood pressure (102 + 8 and 104 + 9), highest systolic blood pressure (169 + 24 and 167 + 30), highest diastolic blood pressure (115 + 12 and 116 + 11), birth weight in kg (2.015 + 0.957, and 1.922 + 0.660) and number of days added to the pregnancy (7 + 7, 9 + 11). The Apgar score for group 2 was better than in group 1, and less @entity0 in group 2 required treatment for acute @entity1 during the period of study. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study indicate that @entity2 is as effective as @entity3 in the treatment of PIH.

title: A comparison of @entity2 with XXXX in pregnancy induced @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity2 (group 1) with @entity3 (group 2) in the management of pregnancy induced @entity1 (PIH). DESIGN: A prospective clinical trial. SETTING: Obstetric Unit, General Hospital, Peradeniya. @entity0 : A total of 126 @entity0 with PIH were allocated alternately to either group. The @entity0 in group 1 received @entity2 30 to 90 mg/day and in group 2 @entity3 750 to 2000 mg/day. MEASUREMENTS: Blood pressure, the extra days added to the pregnancy, number of @entity0 treated for acute @entity1 episodes, maturity of fetus at birth, mode of delivery, birth weight, intrauterine deaths, Apgar score, maternal side effects and complications. RESULTS: The two groups on admission to the study had similar periods of gestation (group 1, 33.6 + 5.9, group 2, 34.1 + 4.2), systolic blood pressure in mmHg (151 + 22, and 154 + 24) and diastolic blood pressure (108 + 12, and 108 + 12). The results showed no differences between the two groups, with respect to maturity of fetus at delivery (35.1 + 5.5, and 35.7 + 2.9), mode of delivery, number of intrauterine deaths, average systolic blood pressure in mmHg (148 + 14 and 152 + 16), average diastolic blood pressure (102 + 8 and 104 + 9), highest systolic blood pressure (169 + 24 and 167 + 30), highest diastolic blood pressure (115 + 12 and 116 + 11), birth weight in kg (2.015 + 0.957, and 1.922 + 0.660) and number of days added to the pregnancy (7 + 7, 9 + 11). The Apgar score for group 2 was better than in group 1, and less @entity0 in group 2 required treatment for acute @entity1 during the period of study. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study indicate that @entity2 is as effective as @entity3 in the treatment of PIH.

title: A comparison of @entity2 with @entity3 in pregnancy induced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity2 (group 1) with @entity3 (group 2) in the management of pregnancy induced @entity1 (PIH). DESIGN: A prospective clinical trial. SETTING: Obstetric Unit, General Hospital, Peradeniya. @entity0 : A total of 126 @entity0 with PIH were allocated alternately to either group. The @entity0 in group 1 received @entity2 30 to 90 mg/day and in group 2 @entity3 750 to 2000 mg/day. MEASUREMENTS: Blood pressure, the extra days added to the pregnancy, number of @entity0 treated for acute @entity1 episodes, maturity of fetus at birth, mode of delivery, birth weight, intrauterine deaths, Apgar score, maternal side effects and complications. RESULTS: The two groups on admission to the study had similar periods of gestation (group 1, 33.6 + 5.9, group 2, 34.1 + 4.2), systolic blood pressure in mmHg (151 + 22, and 154 + 24) and diastolic blood pressure (108 + 12, and 108 + 12). The results showed no differences between the two groups, with respect to maturity of fetus at delivery (35.1 + 5.5, and 35.7 + 2.9), mode of delivery, number of intrauterine deaths, average systolic blood pressure in mmHg (148 + 14 and 152 + 16), average diastolic blood pressure (102 + 8 and 104 + 9), highest systolic blood pressure (169 + 24 and 167 + 30), highest diastolic blood pressure (115 + 12 and 116 + 11), birth weight in kg (2.015 + 0.957, and 1.922 + 0.660) and number of days added to the pregnancy (7 + 7, 9 + 11). The Apgar score for group 2 was better than in group 1, and less @entity0 in group 2 required treatment for acute @entity1 during the period of study. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study indicate that @entity2 is as effective as @entity3 in the treatment of PIH.

title: A comparison of XXXX with @entity3 in pregnancy induced @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Thyroid peroxidase ( @entity7 ) is an important enzyme in the production of thyroid hormone and one of the major autoantigens in @entity4 . The gene for @entity0 thyroid peroxidase encodes a single 933 @entity2 polypeptide chain. However, several reports have suggested that it exists in both high- and low-molecular-weight forms and the exact structure of the native enzyme is not known. We examined the structure of @entity7 using two monoclonal antibodies against different portions of @entity7 , a polyclonal mouse antiserum raised against a 300 @entity2 fragment of @entity7 and autoantibodies directed against @entity7 obtained from @entity0 with @entity4 . Western blots performed under nonreducing conditions identified three bands of approximately 220-230 kDa and two bands of 105 and 110 kDa that appeared to be immunologic @entity7 . After reduction, the @entity7 activity migrated as a smear of bands from 105 to 110 kDa, suggesting that the higher molecular weight form of the enzyme is a @entity3 -linked dimer. @entity0 with @entity4 showed higher rates of recognition of the dimer than the reduced monomer when serologic reactivity was analyzed by Western blots. Eighty-three percent (40 of 48) of @entity0 with @entity6 and 76% (34 of 45) of @entity5 @entity0 recognized the dimer form of @entity7 , while 48% (23 of 48) of Graves' and 60% (27 of 45) of @entity5 @entity0 recognized reduced monomer @entity7 , even though both forms were denatured with @entity1 . Antibodies against different portions of the @entity7 chain all bound to the 105 kDa bands, indicating that the @entity7 chain is not bisected during posttranslational processing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: An analysis of the structure and antigenicity of different forms of XXXX thyroid peroxidase.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Several genetic mechanisms have been shown to diversify the expressed antibody repertoire of committed B lymphocytes. These include V gene replacement, ongoing gene rearrangement and somatic hypermutation. These mechanisms may be operational at discrete points in the B cell differentiation pathway and generate idiotype diversity in various @entity1 . In particular, V region mutations have been established as a major mechanism of @entity1 escape from anti-idiotype immunotherapy in some @entity3 . On the other hand, previous studies on a few selected cases have shown that this mutation process does not affect the B cell clone during @entity4 . However, to what extent this intraclonal stability is a general phenomenon during B cell CLL is not clear. Therefore, we randomly selected 6 @entity0 suffering from classical B cell CLL (sIgM (+), @entity6 (+), @entity5 (+)) at different stages of the disease and analysed the intraclonal variability of the expressed variable region of the heavy chain (VH). After PCR amplification of the cDNA corresponding to the rearranged VDJ regions, the products were cloned and sequenced. In five cases, multiple clone analysis did not show any intraclonal variability whatever the stage of the disease. Furthermore, in a single case, this intraclonal stability was confirmed during a three year period of time when the disease progressed. The sixth case behaved differently since we found multiple @entity2 substitutions, apparently accumulating as the malignant clone expanded. Besides the theoretical difficulties that these changes can induce during immunotherapy, two findings merit further discussion: 1) the distribution of the ongoing mutations affecting the VH region was not suggestive of an antigen driven selection, 2) this intraclonal variability was specific for the VH region, since the VL region showed no intraclonal variation.

title: Molecular analysis of rearranged VH genes during XXXX : intraclonal stability is frequent but not constant.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Bilateral block of the 5th through the 11th intercostal nerves was induced in 16 healthy @entity0 . In eight of the @entity0 , @entity2 0.25% was used and in the other eight, @entity4 0.5%. Before and after induction of the block flow/volume curves, maximal airway pressures, and pulmonary compliance, were recorded, and helium spirometry and multiple and single breath @entity3 wash-outs were performed. There were no differences between the results in the two groups, and the material was therefore pooled. Total lung capacity was decreased by 4%. There was no increase in residual volume, though the maximal expiratory airway pressure decreased by 7%. There was an 8% decrease in functional residual capacity. Pulmonary recoil appeared to be unchanged, as also did the effort-independent peak expiratory flow rates. According to the pulmonary @entity3 clearance index, the overall pulmonary time constant did not alter, while the slope of the alveolar plateau in the single breath @entity3 wash-out test increased by 9%. The significance of the latter finding is unclear, but it is concluded that the @entity1 had no obvious effects on pulmonary mechanics, the changes observed rather being attributable to effects on the chest wall.

title: Effects of intercostal nerve blocks on pulmonary mechanics in healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Forty-six @entity0 were evaluated for complaints of @entity1 . Diagnostic testing included a detailed history, physical examination, urine analysis, and urodynamic studies consisting of a conventional urodynamic test (S.I.) including provocative manoeuvres and extramural ambulatory urodynamic monitoring (e.a.m.). We compared the pre-classification diagnoses obtained from the medical history with both urodynamic tests. Conventional cystometry detected @entity2 in 8 @entity0 out of 16 with a history of urgency, while a normal detrusor behaviour was observed in the other 8. "Provocative" manoeuvres yielded an additional 13.3%. Extramural ambulatory monitoring confirmed the diagnosis in the 8 @entity0 with @entity3 and revealed @entity2 in a further 7. E.a.m. proved adequate in 93.7% of @entity0 with symptoms of @entity2 . In the group of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) e.a.m. revealed @entity2 in 18.7% of the @entity0 , but did not significantly improved the diagnostic results obtained by S.I. Coughing was the most effective stimulus to objectify @entity4 . The comparison of the results obtained with S.I. and those obtained with home e.a.m. will probably lead to a more rational use of both methods. Our data confirm the promising impact of ambulatory urodynamic investigation.

title: Standard and extramural ambulatory urodynamic investigation for the diagnosis of @entity2 -correlated XXXX and micturition disorders.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Forty-six @entity0 were evaluated for complaints of @entity1 . Diagnostic testing included a detailed history, physical examination, urine analysis, and urodynamic studies consisting of a conventional urodynamic test (S.I.) including provocative manoeuvres and extramural ambulatory urodynamic monitoring (e.a.m.). We compared the pre-classification diagnoses obtained from the medical history with both urodynamic tests. Conventional cystometry detected @entity2 in 8 @entity0 out of 16 with a history of urgency, while a normal detrusor behaviour was observed in the other 8. "Provocative" manoeuvres yielded an additional 13.3%. Extramural ambulatory monitoring confirmed the diagnosis in the 8 @entity0 with @entity3 and revealed @entity2 in a further 7. E.a.m. proved adequate in 93.7% of @entity0 with symptoms of @entity2 . In the group of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) e.a.m. revealed @entity2 in 18.7% of the @entity0 , but did not significantly improved the diagnostic results obtained by S.I. Coughing was the most effective stimulus to objectify @entity4 . The comparison of the results obtained with S.I. and those obtained with home e.a.m. will probably lead to a more rational use of both methods. Our data confirm the promising impact of ambulatory urodynamic investigation.

title: Standard and extramural ambulatory urodynamic investigation for the diagnosis of XXXX -correlated @entity1 and micturition disorders.

answer: @entity2