abstract: OBJECTIVE: The combination of @entity4 and @entity3 compounds is considered the best first-line regimen for advanced @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate a @entity4 and @entity5 combination in pretreated @entity0 who recurred within 24 months after a complete clinical response with the same regimen used as first-line chemotherapy. METHODS: 18 @entity0 were included in this study. Second-line chemotherapy consisted of @entity4 , 175 mg/m2 as a 3-hour infusion, and @entity5 AUC 6 every 21 days. RESULTS: Among 15 evaluable @entity0 , eight (53%) complete and five (34%) partial responses were observed, while two (13%) @entity0 had @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The response rate was 67% among @entity0 with measurable disease and 52% for evaluable disease. The median progression-free interval after second-line chemotherapy was 8.3 months. The median progression-free interval for @entity0 with measurable disease was 8.6 months and for evaluable disease it was 7.9 months. Seven (46%) of 15 @entity0 have developed recurrence after second-line chemotherapy with @entity4 and @entity5 with a median time to recurrence of 9.8 months. CONCLUSION: @entity4 175 mg/m2 and @entity5 AUC 6 as second-line chemotherapy in this sensitive population is effective in terms of response rate and progression-free interval.

title: Second-line with @entity4 and @entity5 for @entity2 following first @entity4 and @entity3 compounds in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: To evaluate the antithrombotic and antiallergic properties of @entity7 extracted from Rhei Rhizoma, the in vitro and ex vivo inhibitory activities of @entity7 and its metabolite, @entity8 , were measured. These compounds inhibited in vitro @entity4 - and collagen-induced @entity5 . @entity8 was more potent, with IC50 values of 4 and 70 microg/ml, respectively. In ex vivo @entity4 - and collagen-induced @entity1 @entity5 , these compounds also exhibited a potent inhibitory effect. The antiplatelet aggregation effects of @entity7 and @entity8 were more potent than those of @entity2 . @entity8 showed significant protection from death due to @entity3 in @entity0 . @entity8 also showed the strongest inhibitory activity against @entity6 release induced by DNP-BSA. These compounds inhibited PCA reaction in @entity0 . @entity8 intraperitoneally administered showed the strongest inhibitory activity and significantly inhibited PCA at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg, with inhibitory activities of 48 and 85%, respectively. The inhibitory activity of orally administered @entity7 was stronger than that of intraperitoneally administered @entity7 . These results suggest that @entity7 , in the rhizome of Rhei Rhizoma, is a prodrug that has extensive antiallergic and antithrombotic properties.

title: Antithrombotic and antiallergic activities of XXXX from Rhei Rhizoma are activated by human intestinal bacteria.

answer: @entity7


abstract: This paper describes the immunohistochemical staining properties of four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) ( @entity8 , EB, @entity3 , and KB) which had been previously shown to be specific for purified @entity11 ( @entity11 ) by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. In this study, the authors immunostained a spectrum of normal and neoplastic neuronal, "neuroendocrine," and nonneuronal tissues fixed in @entity5 and embedded in paraffin. Positivity was generally restricted to normal neuronal structures and @entity6 , including @entity7 , @entity15 , @entity13 , @entity10 , @entity16 , duodenal @entity9 , and @entity2 with neuroepithelial components. Three staining patterns of the normal or neoplastic neuronal structures were observed: two MAbs ( @entity8 and EB) stained predominantly the nerve fibers (axoplasm); one ( @entity3 ) stained predominantly the cell bodies (perikaryon); and one (KB) stained both the axoplasm and the perikaryon. "Neuroendocrine" @entity0 such as @entity12 , @entity14 , @entity4 , and @entity0 from various locations showed a variable staining pattern. @entity0 cells undergoing mitotic division were usually positive regardless of type. Normal structures other than neuronal or "neuroendocrine," including normal glial cells, were negative. The authors also studied a range of @entity1 with MAbs @entity8 and @entity3 as well as with Dako polyclonal antiserum to @entity11 . The results showed that @entity8 stained the axonal fibers in the normal white matter surrounding these @entity0 ; it did not stain the @entity0 cells or the perikarya of neurons in the surrounding normal gray matter. @entity3 stained the @entity1 cells as well as the perikarya and dendrites of neurons in the surrounding normal gray matter; it did not stain the axonal fibers in the surrounding normal white matter. By contrast, the polyclonal antiserum stained all of these structures. The high degree of staining specificity of the MAbs should prove them to be valuable in immunohistochemical diagnosis of @entity0 as well as in further understanding the role of @entity11 in neuronal differentiation.

title: Immunohistochemical characterization of a set of monoclonal antibodies to human XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: The usefulness of ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of @entity6 was assessed in 51 @entity0 . Indications for US included @entity8 (n = 19), @entity2 (n = 16), @entity3 and @entity4 (n = 4), clinically palpable mass (n = 3), @entity5 in the upper gastrointestinal tract (n = 1), and @entity7 (n = 1). Three @entity0 were investigated because of a previous abnormal US examination; in four the mass was an incidental observation. Sonograms were interpreted without knowledge of results from other procedures. Pancreatic masses were detected in 50 @entity0 . Biliary and @entity6 were seen in 29 and 27 @entity0 , respectively. Liver @entity1 were identified in 16 @entity0 and missed in three that were not detected with either US or computed tomography. Vascular involvement was predicted in 12 @entity0 and missed in four, while lymphadenopathy was seen in 16 and missed in five. Thirty-one cases of unresectable disease were correctly predicted with US. Resectability was not as accurately determined; only seven of 19 "resectable" lesions were successfully removed. US is an effective tool in the detection and preoperative evaluation of @entity9 .

title: XXXX : how useful is evaluation with US?

answer: @entity6


abstract: A review is given of the different hypotheses concerning the concentration of @entity4 cases at the house or family level: 1. Mechanical transmission by haematophagous insects. 2. Interrupted feeding of a tsetse @entity2 with @entity3 on different @entity0 . 3. Family biological factor. These hypotheses are used as a introduction to an epidemiological field study in three congolese foci. Whereas their distribution among village districts is random, @entity0 are significantly aggregated at the house and/or family level. This distribution may be partly explained by the behaviour of members of the family and community cells, associated with amplifying factors, the most probable being interrupted feeding of a tsetse @entity2 with @entity3 . In some foci other possibilities can be considered, such as mechanical transmission by Aedes or hereditary population factors. This spatial and/or familial concentration of cases is an important epidemiological property of @entity1 , the practical implication of which is the exhaustive survey of the @entity0 environment of cases.

title: [House effect and family contamination in XXXX : interpretative trial of the phenomenon. Study of 3 Congolese foci].

answer: @entity1


abstract: SMS 201-995 was administered to 40 acromegalic @entity0 , in a multicentric study. Some of the results have been analyzed from 37 @entity0 who remained under a long term treatment. Clinical improvement was noted in most @entity0 , especially as concerns soft tissue swelling, sweating, @entity2 . Digestive adverse effects were noted, leading to the drop-out from the protocol (in 4 @entity0 ) or in most @entity0 to a slight discomfort related to increasing doses. There was an effect for all the doses used (300, 600, 900, 1500 micrograms in 3 subcutaneous injections per day), compared with pretreatment values, if we consider the mean GH value of each cycle obtained under the different dosages. The highest dose was most effective than the lowest in some cases. However in most @entity0 the 300 micrograms dose was efficient. We could not obtain normalization of GH secretion. However 22/37 @entity0 could reach a good score as concerns the number of GH values less than 5 micrograms/l, during circadian evaluations. In 5/37 patients, the antisecretory effect was insufficient (mean GH above 50% of the pretreatment level). Reduction in @entity1 volume was highly significant (more than 50%) in 2/11 @entity0 . In conclusion, this study shows the efficacy of SMS 201-995 in improving clinical signs and symptoms of @entity3 , and GH hypersecretion in approximately 80% of the @entity0 . General and metabolic tolerance are rather good. Some points concerning tolerance remain to be investigated.

title: [Effect of repeated injections of sandostatine, with increasing doses, in the treatment of 40 acromegalics. French Group for the study of Sandostatine in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity12 therapy is superior to maximally approved doses of @entity2 for acute control of @entity1 -related @entity8 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind comparison of active treatments. SETTING: Comprehensive @entity1 center. @entity0 : One hundred ninety-eight consecutive hypercalcemic events in 164 @entity0 screened for entry. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: hospitalization and intravenous hydration for at least 2 days; persistent elevated serum @entity4 levels of 2.99 mmol/L or greater (adjusted for serum albumin); serum @entity6 levels of 221 mumol/L or less; no cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, or @entity13 within the preceding 7 days or during study; no concurrent use of @entity10 antibiotics; life expectancy greater than 4 weeks; @entity5 and @entity9 excluded. @entity0 were stratified by histologic type of @entity1 (epidermoid or nonepidermoid). Fifty @entity0 were randomized and treated. INTERVENTIONS: @entity12 200 mg/m2 body surface area for 5 days by continuous intravenous infusion, or salmon @entity2 8 IU/kg body weight every 6 hours for 5 days by intramuscular injection. @entity0 randomized to receive @entity12 received sham injections of saline to simulate @entity2 ; @entity0 randomized to receive @entity2 received 1000 mL 5%- @entity3 solution to simulate @entity12 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All @entity0 were evaluable. Eighteen of twenty-four @entity0 who received @entity12 achieved normocalcemia compared with 8 of 26 @entity0 who received @entity2 for an observed difference of 44% (95% confidence interval, 19% to 69%; P = 0.002). Median duration of normocalcemia before other cytotoxic or @entity11 therapy was 6 days for @entity0 treated with @entity12 compared with 1 day for @entity0 treated with @entity2 (P less than 0.001). Median duration of normocalcemia regardless of intercurrent treatment and without adjustment for serum albumin was 11+ days for @entity0 treated with @entity12 and 2 days for @entity0 treated with @entity2 (P less than 0.01). Mean daily fluid intake and mean daily dose of @entity7 were similar in both treatment groups. No additional benefit was seen in 9 @entity0 randomized to receive @entity2 who incidentally received corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12 therapy is highly effective and superior to maximally approved doses of @entity2 for acute control of @entity1 -related @entity8 .

title: @entity12 for acute treatment of @entity1 -related @entity8 . A randomized, double-blind comparison to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity12 therapy is superior to maximally approved doses of @entity2 for acute control of @entity1 -related @entity8 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind comparison of active treatments. SETTING: Comprehensive @entity1 center. @entity0 : One hundred ninety-eight consecutive hypercalcemic events in 164 @entity0 screened for entry. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: hospitalization and intravenous hydration for at least 2 days; persistent elevated serum @entity4 levels of 2.99 mmol/L or greater (adjusted for serum albumin); serum @entity6 levels of 221 mumol/L or less; no cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, or @entity13 within the preceding 7 days or during study; no concurrent use of @entity10 antibiotics; life expectancy greater than 4 weeks; @entity5 and @entity9 excluded. @entity0 were stratified by histologic type of @entity1 (epidermoid or nonepidermoid). Fifty @entity0 were randomized and treated. INTERVENTIONS: @entity12 200 mg/m2 body surface area for 5 days by continuous intravenous infusion, or salmon @entity2 8 IU/kg body weight every 6 hours for 5 days by intramuscular injection. @entity0 randomized to receive @entity12 received sham injections of saline to simulate @entity2 ; @entity0 randomized to receive @entity2 received 1000 mL 5%- @entity3 solution to simulate @entity12 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All @entity0 were evaluable. Eighteen of twenty-four @entity0 who received @entity12 achieved normocalcemia compared with 8 of 26 @entity0 who received @entity2 for an observed difference of 44% (95% confidence interval, 19% to 69%; P = 0.002). Median duration of normocalcemia before other cytotoxic or @entity11 therapy was 6 days for @entity0 treated with @entity12 compared with 1 day for @entity0 treated with @entity2 (P less than 0.001). Median duration of normocalcemia regardless of intercurrent treatment and without adjustment for serum albumin was 11+ days for @entity0 treated with @entity12 and 2 days for @entity0 treated with @entity2 (P less than 0.01). Mean daily fluid intake and mean daily dose of @entity7 were similar in both treatment groups. No additional benefit was seen in 9 @entity0 randomized to receive @entity2 who incidentally received corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12 therapy is highly effective and superior to maximally approved doses of @entity2 for acute control of @entity1 -related @entity8 .

title: XXXX for acute treatment of @entity1 -related @entity8 . A randomized, double-blind comparison to @entity2 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity12 therapy is superior to maximally approved doses of @entity2 for acute control of @entity1 -related @entity8 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind comparison of active treatments. SETTING: Comprehensive @entity1 center. @entity0 : One hundred ninety-eight consecutive hypercalcemic events in 164 @entity0 screened for entry. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: hospitalization and intravenous hydration for at least 2 days; persistent elevated serum @entity4 levels of 2.99 mmol/L or greater (adjusted for serum albumin); serum @entity6 levels of 221 mumol/L or less; no cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, or @entity13 within the preceding 7 days or during study; no concurrent use of @entity10 antibiotics; life expectancy greater than 4 weeks; @entity5 and @entity9 excluded. @entity0 were stratified by histologic type of @entity1 (epidermoid or nonepidermoid). Fifty @entity0 were randomized and treated. INTERVENTIONS: @entity12 200 mg/m2 body surface area for 5 days by continuous intravenous infusion, or salmon @entity2 8 IU/kg body weight every 6 hours for 5 days by intramuscular injection. @entity0 randomized to receive @entity12 received sham injections of saline to simulate @entity2 ; @entity0 randomized to receive @entity2 received 1000 mL 5%- @entity3 solution to simulate @entity12 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All @entity0 were evaluable. Eighteen of twenty-four @entity0 who received @entity12 achieved normocalcemia compared with 8 of 26 @entity0 who received @entity2 for an observed difference of 44% (95% confidence interval, 19% to 69%; P = 0.002). Median duration of normocalcemia before other cytotoxic or @entity11 therapy was 6 days for @entity0 treated with @entity12 compared with 1 day for @entity0 treated with @entity2 (P less than 0.001). Median duration of normocalcemia regardless of intercurrent treatment and without adjustment for serum albumin was 11+ days for @entity0 treated with @entity12 and 2 days for @entity0 treated with @entity2 (P less than 0.01). Mean daily fluid intake and mean daily dose of @entity7 were similar in both treatment groups. No additional benefit was seen in 9 @entity0 randomized to receive @entity2 who incidentally received corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12 therapy is highly effective and superior to maximally approved doses of @entity2 for acute control of @entity1 -related @entity8 .

title: @entity12 for acute treatment of @entity1 -related XXXX . A randomized, double-blind comparison to @entity2 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity12 therapy is superior to maximally approved doses of @entity2 for acute control of @entity1 -related @entity8 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind comparison of active treatments. SETTING: Comprehensive @entity1 center. @entity0 : One hundred ninety-eight consecutive hypercalcemic events in 164 @entity0 screened for entry. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: hospitalization and intravenous hydration for at least 2 days; persistent elevated serum @entity4 levels of 2.99 mmol/L or greater (adjusted for serum albumin); serum @entity6 levels of 221 mumol/L or less; no cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, or @entity13 within the preceding 7 days or during study; no concurrent use of @entity10 antibiotics; life expectancy greater than 4 weeks; @entity5 and @entity9 excluded. @entity0 were stratified by histologic type of @entity1 (epidermoid or nonepidermoid). Fifty @entity0 were randomized and treated. INTERVENTIONS: @entity12 200 mg/m2 body surface area for 5 days by continuous intravenous infusion, or salmon @entity2 8 IU/kg body weight every 6 hours for 5 days by intramuscular injection. @entity0 randomized to receive @entity12 received sham injections of saline to simulate @entity2 ; @entity0 randomized to receive @entity2 received 1000 mL 5%- @entity3 solution to simulate @entity12 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All @entity0 were evaluable. Eighteen of twenty-four @entity0 who received @entity12 achieved normocalcemia compared with 8 of 26 @entity0 who received @entity2 for an observed difference of 44% (95% confidence interval, 19% to 69%; P = 0.002). Median duration of normocalcemia before other cytotoxic or @entity11 therapy was 6 days for @entity0 treated with @entity12 compared with 1 day for @entity0 treated with @entity2 (P less than 0.001). Median duration of normocalcemia regardless of intercurrent treatment and without adjustment for serum albumin was 11+ days for @entity0 treated with @entity12 and 2 days for @entity0 treated with @entity2 (P less than 0.01). Mean daily fluid intake and mean daily dose of @entity7 were similar in both treatment groups. No additional benefit was seen in 9 @entity0 randomized to receive @entity2 who incidentally received corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12 therapy is highly effective and superior to maximally approved doses of @entity2 for acute control of @entity1 -related @entity8 .

title: @entity12 for acute treatment of XXXX -related @entity8 . A randomized, double-blind comparison to @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in premenopausal @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and to evaluate the influence of disease activity and use of corticosteroids. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on @entity1 of 118 premenopausal @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity0 were divided into 2 groups, 74 who had been treated with @entity4 and 44 who had not. @entity1 at lumbar spine, femoral neck, and trochanter was measured. RESULTS: @entity1 in @entity0 without and with @entity3 treatment was 1.13 +/- 0.13 vs 1.05 +/- 0.14 g/cm2 (p = 0.005) at lumbar spine, 0.92 +/- 0.12 vs 0.86 +/- 0.12 g/cm2 (p = 0.005) at femoral neck, and 0.78 +/- 0.13 vs 0.72 +/- 0.12 g/cm2 (p = 0.014) at trochanter, respectively. Stepwise multilinear regression analysis showed that corticosteroid exposure was independently associated with decreased @entity1 in the corticosteroid treated @entity0 (r2 = 7% for lumbar and 6.6% for trochanter model). No significant difference in @entity1 in corticosteroid treated @entity0 appeared when they were subgrouped according to whether they were taking @entity5 supplements. Prevalence of @entity2 at lumbar spine in corticosteroid treated @entity0 was 1.4%, and was lower than reported for age and sex matched Caucasians. CONCLUSION: @entity1 measurements were significantly lower in premenopausal @entity6 @entity0 who had had corticosteroid treatment than those who had not. There was a negative correlation between @entity1 and corticosteroid therapy, but not disease activity. Prevalence of @entity2 , based on lumbar spine @entity1 , was lower than that reported in Caucasians.

title: Bone mineral density in premenopausal @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in premenopausal @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and to evaluate the influence of disease activity and use of corticosteroids. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on @entity1 of 118 premenopausal @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity0 were divided into 2 groups, 74 who had been treated with @entity4 and 44 who had not. @entity1 at lumbar spine, femoral neck, and trochanter was measured. RESULTS: @entity1 in @entity0 without and with @entity3 treatment was 1.13 +/- 0.13 vs 1.05 +/- 0.14 g/cm2 (p = 0.005) at lumbar spine, 0.92 +/- 0.12 vs 0.86 +/- 0.12 g/cm2 (p = 0.005) at femoral neck, and 0.78 +/- 0.13 vs 0.72 +/- 0.12 g/cm2 (p = 0.014) at trochanter, respectively. Stepwise multilinear regression analysis showed that corticosteroid exposure was independently associated with decreased @entity1 in the corticosteroid treated @entity0 (r2 = 7% for lumbar and 6.6% for trochanter model). No significant difference in @entity1 in corticosteroid treated @entity0 appeared when they were subgrouped according to whether they were taking @entity5 supplements. Prevalence of @entity2 at lumbar spine in corticosteroid treated @entity0 was 1.4%, and was lower than reported for age and sex matched Caucasians. CONCLUSION: @entity1 measurements were significantly lower in premenopausal @entity6 @entity0 who had had corticosteroid treatment than those who had not. There was a negative correlation between @entity1 and corticosteroid therapy, but not disease activity. Prevalence of @entity2 , based on lumbar spine @entity1 , was lower than that reported in Caucasians.

title: Bone mineral density in premenopausal XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Functional antimuscarinic receptor autoantibodies have recently been described in both primary and secondary Sj  @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in a @entity1 bladder contraction assay. Most @entity0 with these antibodies complained of severe lower urinary tract disturbances, which are not a recognized feature of @entity3 . We compared the severity of self-reported urological symptoms, daytime somnolence, and fatigue between a cohort of @entity0 with primary @entity3 and controls with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: Female @entity0 were recruited from rheumatology outpatient clinics at 2 hospitals. The American Urological Symptom Index (AUA-7), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and FACIT-F fatigue self-administered instruments were employed. Results were obtained for 76 @entity0 with primary @entity3 and 43 controls (response rates 85% and 67%, respectively). The @entity0 groups were matched for parity, hormone replacement and diuretic therapy, and number of bladder operations and urinary tract infections, although @entity4 @entity0 were slightly older. RESULTS: AUA-7 urological symptoms were more severe in @entity0 with primary @entity3 compared to @entity4 controls (p = 0.039). Severe urological symptoms were reported by 61% of primary @entity3 @entity0 compared with 40% of @entity4 controls. This difference was predominantly attributable to bladder @entity2 associated with urgency (p = 0.015) and not @entity5 (p = 0.85). Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were also more severe in primary @entity3 @entity0 compared to @entity4 controls (p = 0.02), independent of @entity5 . The FACIT-F fatigue severity scores were not significantly different between @entity0 groups (p = 0.14). CONCLUSION: Urological symptoms and daytime somnolence may be previously unrecognized symptoms of primary @entity3 . These symptoms are consistent with functional disturbances of muscarinic receptors, possibly mediated by muscarinic receptor autoantibodies.

title: Increased severity of lower urinary tract symptoms and daytime somnolence in primary Sj  XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Previous studies showed that sperm auto- and alloantigens participate in @entity1 (GP) fertilization. In an effort to determine how alloantibodies to GP sperm acrosomal contents (AC) inhibit fertilization, we identified acrosomal auto- and alloantigens using Western blots. The predominant autoantigens migrated with Mr = 25,000, Mr = 51,000, and Mr = 55,000 under nonreducing conditions. The primary (Mr = 25,000) acrosomal autoantigen, @entity2 , was purified to homogeneity from AC by gel filtration, cation-exchange chromatography, chromatofocusing, and a final gel filtration. We also purified @entity2 from an acidic @entity0 extract of spermatozoa by gel filtration, chromatofocusing, and high-performance liquid chromatography on hydroxylapatite. @entity2 is a protein and shares at least one antigenic determinant with a 51,000 Mr acrosomal component. @entity2 is acrosome-specific, as determined by immunoabsorption and by indirect immunofluorescence on testicular cells. By quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, @entity2 comprises 6.4% of acrosomal protein in GP spermatozoa. On the basis of its physiochemical properties and localization, we conclude that @entity2 is a unique sperm autoantigen. Surprisingly, several antibody preparations, including allo- and heteroantibodies with high anti- @entity2 titers, did not inhibit fertilization in vitro. Thus, the mechanism by which alloantibodies to AC inhibit GP fertilization in vitro is not by binding to @entity2 .

title: Purification and characterization of the primary acrosomal autoantigen of XXXX epididymal spermatozoa.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A study was carried out on 27 @entity0 (22 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 ) suffering from @entity3 confirmed through surgery or autopsy. The examinations were performed with a real-time scanner and 3.5 MHz transducer. Lately, higher resolution transducers (5 MHz and 7.5 MHz) have been employed which have proven more effective due to their improved resolution. The importance is stressed of scanning @entity0 in different positions in order to allow stones and echogenic material to redistribute inside the gallbladder. A correct diagnosis was obtained in 20/27 cases. Bile duct metastases were correctly evaluated by US in 13/13 cases; liver metastases in 25/27 @entity0 . US proved unreliable in those cases where lymph nodes were involved (0/4). Six @entity0 underwent scanning few months, or even years, before the onset of the symptoms. Three @entity0 presented with @entity1 , whose wall thickening and shadowing of the external wall had been incorrectly evaluated. In the other 3 cases the gallbladder was filled with stones and had thick and constricted walls. There was only a case of invisible @entity2 . @entity3 has often an unfavorable prognosis due to its being diagnosed in an advanced stage. The prognosis of such @entity0 can be improved through an earlier US diagnosis only. The first step in this direction seems to be the identification of the precursor lesions.

title: [Potentials of echography in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Enhanced biological @entity3 removal (EBPR) activated sludge was operated in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with @entity1 as the sole @entity0 source. The microbial community of the sludge was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method for about 2 months of start-up period. As a result, the number of major bands decreased during the enrichment, indicating that the microbial community structure was getting simpler. Since the @entity2 removal activity was maintained at a high level, the bacteria which still remained at the end can be considered as the important bacteria playing key roles in the present EBPR sludge, maybe polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). The dominant band in the last sample on the DGGE gel was excised and the DNA recovered from it was sequenced. The sequence was closely related to one of the putative PAOs group which Crocetti et al. (2000) and Hesselmann et al. (1999) have proposed. This PAOs group is closely related to the Rhodocyclus group (b-Proteobacteria). The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method with the probe specific for this PAOs group and the DAPI staining at a @entity2 -probing concentration indirectly showed that these Rhodocyclus related bacteria really accumulated @entity4 .

title: Analysis of microbial community that performs enhanced biological XXXX removal in activated sludge fed with @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Enhanced biological @entity3 removal (EBPR) activated sludge was operated in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with @entity1 as the sole @entity0 source. The microbial community of the sludge was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method for about 2 months of start-up period. As a result, the number of major bands decreased during the enrichment, indicating that the microbial community structure was getting simpler. Since the @entity2 removal activity was maintained at a high level, the bacteria which still remained at the end can be considered as the important bacteria playing key roles in the present EBPR sludge, maybe polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). The dominant band in the last sample on the DGGE gel was excised and the DNA recovered from it was sequenced. The sequence was closely related to one of the putative PAOs group which Crocetti et al. (2000) and Hesselmann et al. (1999) have proposed. This PAOs group is closely related to the Rhodocyclus group (b-Proteobacteria). The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method with the probe specific for this PAOs group and the DAPI staining at a @entity2 -probing concentration indirectly showed that these Rhodocyclus related bacteria really accumulated @entity4 .

title: Analysis of microbial community that performs enhanced biological @entity3 removal in activated sludge fed with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the value of peer @entity3 and its influence on behavior change. METHODS: Coaches who were known to be successfully managing their @entity1 were paired with individuals who were struggling with behavior change associated with managing @entity1 . The pairs were matched according to age, sex, and physical appearance. Coaches met initially with @entity0 in a face-to-face meeting for 1 hour and talked with them once a week for 10 to 15 minutes for the next 8 weeks. The initial interview and subsequent phone conversations focused on the @entity0 's problems and efforts at behavior change. RESULTS: At the end of the study, the pairs participated in a videotaped focus group to discuss their views on @entity3 and its influence on behavior change. @entity0 reported that @entity3 was personal, useful in disease management, and helpful in their quest to establish and adhere to routines of care. @entity0 also reported making progress toward changing their behavior related to diet, exercise, and blood @entity2 monitoring. Sustained behavior change was not measured. CONCLUSIONS: Peer @entity3 appears to have merit as a viable, low-cost intervention with the potential of helping individuals with @entity1 who need to change their behavior.

title: Peer @entity3 : an intervention for individuals struggling with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the value of peer @entity3 and its influence on behavior change. METHODS: Coaches who were known to be successfully managing their @entity1 were paired with individuals who were struggling with behavior change associated with managing @entity1 . The pairs were matched according to age, sex, and physical appearance. Coaches met initially with @entity0 in a face-to-face meeting for 1 hour and talked with them once a week for 10 to 15 minutes for the next 8 weeks. The initial interview and subsequent phone conversations focused on the @entity0 's problems and efforts at behavior change. RESULTS: At the end of the study, the pairs participated in a videotaped focus group to discuss their views on @entity3 and its influence on behavior change. @entity0 reported that @entity3 was personal, useful in disease management, and helpful in their quest to establish and adhere to routines of care. @entity0 also reported making progress toward changing their behavior related to diet, exercise, and blood @entity2 monitoring. Sustained behavior change was not measured. CONCLUSIONS: Peer @entity3 appears to have merit as a viable, low-cost intervention with the potential of helping individuals with @entity1 who need to change their behavior.

title: Peer XXXX : an intervention for individuals struggling with @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Since there are no prospective studies concerning the treatment of @entity2 , there continues to be a considerable disagreement about the 'best' or most appropriate form of surgical treatment for @entity0 with @entity7 . Some surgeons recommend selective treatment depending upon the type of @entity2 and stage of the disease. Some advocate thyroid lobectomy and isthmusectomy, some near total thyroidectomy, and some total thyroidectomy for @entity0 with @entity7 . Total thyroidectomy for @entity2 would be the treatment of choice for virtually all @entity0 with @entity2 if it could be done without complications. We therefore reviewed 160 consecutive @entity0 who had total thyroidectomy for suspected or proven @entity2 to determine the complication rate of total thyroidectomy. One hundred and three @entity0 had primary operations, 57 had reoperations with completion of total thyroidectomy and 124 had @entity2 . Serious complications (i.e. vocal @entity4 or @entity3 ) included two cases of transient bilateral recurrent @entity1 , two @entity0 with presumed transient unilateral vocal @entity4 , three recurrent laryngeal nerves that were purposely sacrificed because of invasion of the nerve, and one case of @entity5 . Two other @entity0 developed @entity8 . Only one of the permanent complications, the case of @entity5 , could have been avoided by a lesser procedure. The experienced surgeon can perform a total thyroidectomy with minimal morbidity, and this procedure has certain theoretical and practical advantages. It should not be done, however, if it will result in a significant complication rate and, in selected @entity0 , it may be preferable to leave a small amount of thyroid tissue to protect the blood supply to the @entity6 or recurrent laryngeal nerve.

title: XXXX : the case for total thyroidectomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The value of noninvasive markers reflecting repolarization and/or conduction abnormalities in identifying @entity0 with abnormal ECG showing a pattern of atypical @entity1 and ST elevation syndrome ( @entity6 ) at risk for life-threatening @entity2 is controversial. Because right precordial ST elevation reflects inhomogeneous repolarization, we hypothesized that a correlation between the area of ST elevation, that is, the area of inhomogeneous repolarization, and the inducibility of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) exists. Therefore, the body surface area of ST elevation and the presence of late potentials were compared to the inducibility of @entity5 in @entity0 with the characteristic ECG of @entity6 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A 120-channel body surface potential map was recorded at rest and after administration of a Class I agent ( @entity8 , 1 mg/kg) to measure the body surface area of ST elevation (> or = 0.2 mV) in 23 individuals (16 @entity0 had been resuscitated from near @entity4 or had @entity3 ) with an ECG compatible with the diagnosis of @entity6 as well as in 15 healthy controls and in 15 @entity0 with @entity7 . Late potentials were assessed in 20 of the Brugada @entity0 using signal-averaged ECG. Programmed ventricular stimulation was performed at two ventricular sites with up to three extrastimuli. Mean body surface area of ST elevation (> or = 0.2 mV) of all @entity6 @entity0 was 154 +/- 139 cm2 (control 9 +/- 9 cm2; P < 0.001). In the group of @entity0 with @entity7 , only one @entity0 was found to have an area of ST elevation (165 cm2). In the presence of ajmaline, area size increased to 330 +/- 223 cm2 in @entity6 @entity0 (P < 0.05). In @entity0 with inducible sustained (n = 15) and nonsustained @entity5 (n = 3), a mean area of 183 +/- 139 cm2 was found, whereas the area was only 52 +/- 58 cm2 in those with no @entity5 induction (P < 0.05). For an area > or = 50 cm2, there were positive and negative predictive values of 92% and 60%, respectively. Positive late potentials were found in 60% of @entity0 and correlated to the inducibility during programmed ventricular stimulation (positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 75%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity6 , the body surface area of ST elevation and the presence of late potentials correlate to the inducibility of @entity5 during programmed ventricular stimulation and may be of value as a new noninvasive marker for risk stratification in these @entity0 .

title: Body surface area of ST elevation and the presence of late potentials correlate to the inducibility of XXXX in @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The value of noninvasive markers reflecting repolarization and/or conduction abnormalities in identifying @entity0 with abnormal ECG showing a pattern of atypical @entity1 and ST elevation syndrome ( @entity6 ) at risk for life-threatening @entity2 is controversial. Because right precordial ST elevation reflects inhomogeneous repolarization, we hypothesized that a correlation between the area of ST elevation, that is, the area of inhomogeneous repolarization, and the inducibility of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) exists. Therefore, the body surface area of ST elevation and the presence of late potentials were compared to the inducibility of @entity5 in @entity0 with the characteristic ECG of @entity6 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A 120-channel body surface potential map was recorded at rest and after administration of a Class I agent ( @entity8 , 1 mg/kg) to measure the body surface area of ST elevation (> or = 0.2 mV) in 23 individuals (16 @entity0 had been resuscitated from near @entity4 or had @entity3 ) with an ECG compatible with the diagnosis of @entity6 as well as in 15 healthy controls and in 15 @entity0 with @entity7 . Late potentials were assessed in 20 of the Brugada @entity0 using signal-averaged ECG. Programmed ventricular stimulation was performed at two ventricular sites with up to three extrastimuli. Mean body surface area of ST elevation (> or = 0.2 mV) of all @entity6 @entity0 was 154 +/- 139 cm2 (control 9 +/- 9 cm2; P < 0.001). In the group of @entity0 with @entity7 , only one @entity0 was found to have an area of ST elevation (165 cm2). In the presence of ajmaline, area size increased to 330 +/- 223 cm2 in @entity6 @entity0 (P < 0.05). In @entity0 with inducible sustained (n = 15) and nonsustained @entity5 (n = 3), a mean area of 183 +/- 139 cm2 was found, whereas the area was only 52 +/- 58 cm2 in those with no @entity5 induction (P < 0.05). For an area > or = 50 cm2, there were positive and negative predictive values of 92% and 60%, respectively. Positive late potentials were found in 60% of @entity0 and correlated to the inducibility during programmed ventricular stimulation (positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 75%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity6 , the body surface area of ST elevation and the presence of late potentials correlate to the inducibility of @entity5 during programmed ventricular stimulation and may be of value as a new noninvasive marker for risk stratification in these @entity0 .

title: Body surface area of ST elevation and the presence of late potentials correlate to the inducibility of @entity5 in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Hereditary nonneuropathic systemic lysozyme @entity10 is a very rare form of @entity10 , and only 4 families with this condition have been detailed until now in the literature. Clinical manifestations of lysozyme @entity10 observed until now mainly concerned the kidneys, liver, and digestive tract. We report here a new family with @entity11 who presented predominantly with @entity3 . The proband, a middle-aged @entity0 , underwent partial gastrectomy for a hemorrhagic " @entity8 " in 1984. @entity3 was diagnosed in 1998 on biopsies performed on the gastroduodenal @entity2 , which appeared to be very congestive at presentation. Immunohistochemical stainings in tissue sections were positive for lysozyme. Amyloid was also observed in the @entity7 . The @entity0 had a mutation in the lysozyme gene characterized by substitution of the @entity5 at position 64 in the mature protein from @entity9 to @entity4 , previously described in only 1 French family with prominent @entity1 . It is interesting to note that her father had died many years before with an uncharacterized digestive @entity10 . Our observation shows that a search for @entity3 is important, particularly when physicians are faced with @entity6 , or abdominal symptoms. When @entity3 is diagnosed, it is important to determine with precision the nature of the amyloid fibril proteins, because various types of @entity10 can involve the gastrointestinal tract.

title: A family with XXXX associated with variant lysozyme.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) conducted a phase III trial in @entity0 with @entity1 to evaluate 4 treatment arms: 1) 60 Gy to the whole brain; 2) 60 Gy plus 10-Gy boost; 3) 60 Gy plus @entity6 (BCNU); and 4) 60 Gy plus semustine plus @entity5 . Between September 1974 and March 1979, 626 @entity0 with @entity1 were treated on protocol RTOG 7401/ECOG 1374. Each institution chose a subset of the treatments to which the @entity0 would be randomized. @entity0 were stratified according to subset and randomized to the 4 treatment arms. There were no differences in survival among treatment arms. For @entity0 greater than 60 years of age, the addition of chemotherapy to radiation therapy did not improve survival. For @entity0 aged 40-60 years, there was a statistically significant increase in overall survival when BCNU was added to 60 Gy (P less than .01), with an increase in 2-year survival from 8% to 23%. This beneficial effect of BCNU is apparent in both histological groups ( @entity4 with atypical or anaplastic foci and @entity3 multiforme). Although few confirmatory autopsies are available, long-term survival in @entity0 with @entity4 with atypical and anaplastic foci who were treated with 60 Gy plus BCNU (5-yr survival, 22%) suggests no significant late CNS @entity2 , compared to 60 Gy alone (5-yr survival, 15%). This is confirmed by comparable neurological function in long-term survivors.

title: Combined modality approach to treatment of XXXX --re-evaluation of RTOG 7401/ECOG 1374 with long-term follow-up: a joint study of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Traumatic @entity2 in childhood are rare. To date, 67 well-documented cases in @entity0 have been reported. We present 2 additional cases and review the literature. @entity3 can best be categorized based on mechanism of injury and location. @entity3 secondary to penetrating @entity1 occur most commonly in teenage @entity0 suffering gunshot wounds. @entity3 secondary to nonpenetrating @entity1 occur at the skull base or in the periphery, with motor vehicle accidents and @entity5 as the most common modes of injury. Skull base @entity3 most commonly involve the petrous, cavernous, or supraclinoid carotid artery and also show a predominance in teenage @entity0 . Peripheral @entity3 can further be divided into distal anterior cerebral @entity2 secondary to @entity2 associated with an overlying skull fracture. Peripheral @entity3 tend to occur in younger @entity0 with a less marked male predominance. Two-thirds of the @entity0 suffered symptomatic @entity4 , with an associated mortality rate of 31%. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of traumatic @entity2 are discussed.

title: Traumatic XXXX in childhood: two cases and a review of the literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Nine strains of anaerobic, non-spore-forming, gram-positive bacilli, isolated from the @entity0 oral cavity and provisionally identified as belonging to the genus Eubacterium, were subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genetic tests. Biochemically, they were found to comprise a homogeneous group, and phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA sequences indicated that they constitute a unique branch within the Clostridium-Bacillus subphylum of the phylum Firmicutes. All of the isolates displayed an unusual colonial morphology after extended incubation. This resembled a contaminated culture in that small, secondary colonies were seen to arise around and from within the primary colony form, and a third, independent, colony type was also seen. However, inspection of the colonies by Gram-staining and scanning electron microscopy together with protein profile analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison of the two independent colony types revealed that only a single organism was present. A new genus, Shuttleworthia, and the species Shuttleworthia satelles gen. nov., sp. nov., are proposed. The cells are saccharolytic, and @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity4 are produced as end products of @entity2 fermentation. Aesculin is hydrolysed and @entity1 is produced. The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 51 mol%. The type strain is strain DSM 14600T (= CCUG 45864T = VPI @entity6 ).

title: Shuttleworthia satelles gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the XXXX oral cavity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 Vgamma9/Vdelta2(+) T lymphocytes participate in the immune response against intracellular pathogens through the secretion of type-1 cytokines and chemokines and by killing of infected cells. Little is known of the effects by type-2 differentiation of gamma delta cells on these functions. Here, we report that bona fide naive cord blood-derived gamma delta lymphocytes expanded in vitro with the mycobacterial antigen @entity13 ( @entity15 ) can be differentiated as either type-1 or type-2 cells, in the presence of an appropriate cytokine milieu. Instead, peripheral gamma delta cells from PPD-negative healthy adults displayed a type-1 cytokine profile, i.e. IPP-stimulated secretion of @entity3 , but not of @entity7 and @entity6 . Moreover, they released the @entity10 , but not @entity5 nor the Th2 chemoattractants I-309 and @entity11 ( @entity11 ). This cytokine profile was not significantly affected by in vitro culture in Th2 polarizing conditions. Only in one case out of seven were peripheral gamma delta cells fully differentiated to type-2 lymphocytes, characterized by sustained @entity7 and @entity6 production, along with secretion of substantial amounts of @entity5 , I-309 and @entity11 . Type-2 gamma delta T lymphocytes preferentially expressed the co-stimulatory molecule @entity9 ; conversely, no skewing in @entity4 expression was observed. Both polarized populations displayed high levels of @entity2 in the absence of @entity14 , @entity12 and @entity8 . Finally, type-1, but not type-2, gamma delta T lymphocytes killed IPP-pulsed U937 cells and displayed elevated perforin content. Overall, our data suggest that type-2 differentiation of gamma delta T lymphocytes profoundly affects both their effector functions and their potential to recruit the appropriate leukocyte subsets to the sites of @entity1 .

title: Skewing of cytotoxic activity and chemokine production, but not of XXXX expression, in @entity0 type-1/-2 gamma delta T lymphocytes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 Vgamma9/Vdelta2(+) T lymphocytes participate in the immune response against intracellular pathogens through the secretion of type-1 cytokines and chemokines and by killing of infected cells. Little is known of the effects by type-2 differentiation of gamma delta cells on these functions. Here, we report that bona fide naive cord blood-derived gamma delta lymphocytes expanded in vitro with the mycobacterial antigen @entity13 ( @entity15 ) can be differentiated as either type-1 or type-2 cells, in the presence of an appropriate cytokine milieu. Instead, peripheral gamma delta cells from PPD-negative healthy adults displayed a type-1 cytokine profile, i.e. IPP-stimulated secretion of @entity3 , but not of @entity7 and @entity6 . Moreover, they released the @entity10 , but not @entity5 nor the Th2 chemoattractants I-309 and @entity11 ( @entity11 ). This cytokine profile was not significantly affected by in vitro culture in Th2 polarizing conditions. Only in one case out of seven were peripheral gamma delta cells fully differentiated to type-2 lymphocytes, characterized by sustained @entity7 and @entity6 production, along with secretion of substantial amounts of @entity5 , I-309 and @entity11 . Type-2 gamma delta T lymphocytes preferentially expressed the co-stimulatory molecule @entity9 ; conversely, no skewing in @entity4 expression was observed. Both polarized populations displayed high levels of @entity2 in the absence of @entity14 , @entity12 and @entity8 . Finally, type-1, but not type-2, gamma delta T lymphocytes killed IPP-pulsed U937 cells and displayed elevated perforin content. Overall, our data suggest that type-2 differentiation of gamma delta T lymphocytes profoundly affects both their effector functions and their potential to recruit the appropriate leukocyte subsets to the sites of @entity1 .

title: Skewing of cytotoxic activity and chemokine production, but not of @entity4 expression, in XXXX type-1/-2 gamma delta T lymphocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 concentration and the immune cell composition were measured in @entity0 exposed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection to different doses (10-500 mg kg(-1)) of @entity5 (Ace) and 250 micro g kg(-1) of interleukin 1 (IL-1), either alone or in combination. Two different combination protocols were used: IL-1 and Ace were administered simultaneously; and IL-1 was injected 60 min after Ace administration (sequential exposure). Ace, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, inhibited blood and brain acetylcholinesterase ( @entity3 ) activities, increased blood @entity2 concentrations, suppressed blood @entity4 , CD8, B cell and monocyte contents and increased blood neutrophil counts. The Ace-induced changes lasted for up to 24 h after Ace exposure. Interleukin 1 increased blood @entity2 concentrations without affecting blood or brain @entity3 activities. The IL-1-induced @entity2 concentration returned to the basal level within 3-10 h after IL-1 exposure. The @entity4 , CD8, B cell and monocyte counts increased significantly at 10 min after IL-1 exposure. The cell counts decreased gradually thereafter and returned to the basal level within 30 min after IL-1 exposure. Simultaneous exposure of @entity0 to Ace and IL-1 partially suppressed the IL-1-induced increase in the immune cell counts and decreased the immune cell numbers below the basal values. Sequential injection of Ace and IL-1 blocked the IL-1-induced increase in the immune cell numbers. Thus, Ace exposure would impair the normal distribution of immune cells and deregulate the IL-1 response in @entity0 . This study therefore suggests that Ace would suppress the immune cell numbers in blood, thus decreasing an organism's immunity. Ace exposure occurring concurrent with injury would augment the acute-phase response, which would augment the toxic effects of IL-1 and other cytokines, and Ace exposure occurring @entity1 would suppress or abolish the initial stimulatory effects of IL-1, which would decrease an organism's ability to combat @entity1 .

title: Immunotoxicity of acute XXXX exposure in control or IL-1-challenged @entity0 : correlation between the immune cell composition and corticosteroid concentration in blood.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 concentration and the immune cell composition were measured in @entity0 exposed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection to different doses (10-500 mg kg(-1)) of @entity5 (Ace) and 250 micro g kg(-1) of interleukin 1 (IL-1), either alone or in combination. Two different combination protocols were used: IL-1 and Ace were administered simultaneously; and IL-1 was injected 60 min after Ace administration (sequential exposure). Ace, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, inhibited blood and brain acetylcholinesterase ( @entity3 ) activities, increased blood @entity2 concentrations, suppressed blood @entity4 , CD8, B cell and monocyte contents and increased blood neutrophil counts. The Ace-induced changes lasted for up to 24 h after Ace exposure. Interleukin 1 increased blood @entity2 concentrations without affecting blood or brain @entity3 activities. The IL-1-induced @entity2 concentration returned to the basal level within 3-10 h after IL-1 exposure. The @entity4 , CD8, B cell and monocyte counts increased significantly at 10 min after IL-1 exposure. The cell counts decreased gradually thereafter and returned to the basal level within 30 min after IL-1 exposure. Simultaneous exposure of @entity0 to Ace and IL-1 partially suppressed the IL-1-induced increase in the immune cell counts and decreased the immune cell numbers below the basal values. Sequential injection of Ace and IL-1 blocked the IL-1-induced increase in the immune cell numbers. Thus, Ace exposure would impair the normal distribution of immune cells and deregulate the IL-1 response in @entity0 . This study therefore suggests that Ace would suppress the immune cell numbers in blood, thus decreasing an organism's immunity. Ace exposure occurring concurrent with injury would augment the acute-phase response, which would augment the toxic effects of IL-1 and other cytokines, and Ace exposure occurring @entity1 would suppress or abolish the initial stimulatory effects of IL-1, which would decrease an organism's ability to combat @entity1 .

title: Immunotoxicity of acute @entity5 exposure in control or IL-1-challenged XXXX : correlation between the immune cell composition and corticosteroid concentration in blood.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Changes in gene expression are part of the homeostatic machinery with which cells respond to external stimuli or assaults. The activity of the early response transcriptional factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) can be modulated by a variety of environmental stimuli including those that alter the cellular oxidation/reduction status. This study investigates the activation of AP-1/DNA binding in the @entity2 cochlea in response to acoustic overstimulation which produces reactive @entity0 species. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that binding of AP-1 to its radiolabeled oligonucleotide probe markedly changed in nuclear extracts of inner ear tissues following intense noise exposure (4 kHz octave band, 115 dB, 5 h). AP-1/DNA binding increased in the organ of Corti and the lateral wall tissues immediately after the exposure, returning to near-baseline levels 5 h later. At 15 h after noise, a second peak of binding activity occurred in the organ of Corti whereas stria vascularis showed a lesser but more sustained activity. Binding in nuclear extracts from the spiral ganglion did not change. Incubation of nuclear extracts with antibodies against @entity3 / @entity4 family proteins prior to a supershift assay showed Fra-2 as a major component of the AP-1 complex immediately after the noise exposure. In the organ of Corti, Fra-2 immunoreactivity was localized to the middle turn, i.e. the region which is most affected by the 4-kHz octave band exposure. The results suggest the modulation of gene expression via the activation of AP-1 as a consequence of noise @entity1 but also demonstrate differential responses in cochlear tissues.

title: Modulation of activator protein 1/DNA binding activity by acoustic overstimulation in the XXXX cochlea.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the natural history of @entity0 younger than 40 years (young @entity0 [YP] group) who are diagnosed with a @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and to compare the natural history of these @entity0 with the more typical older @entity0 (OP) with @entity2 . METHODS: We reviewed our database and identified 34 @entity0 (younger than 40 years old, median age 35) who underwent surgery for a sporadic @entity2 . The YP group outcomes were compared with 100 @entity0 between 41 and 85 years (median 65). We fit a Cox proportional hazards model to examine the relationship between age at presentation and recurrence risk. RESULTS: The median @entity1 size in the YP group was 3.8 cm (range 0.6 to 19) and in the OP group was 5.0 cm (range 0.9 to 22; P = 0.225). @entity1 were discovered incidentally in 51% and 56% of the YP and OP groups, respectively (P = 0.65). The frequency of partial nephrectomy did not differ between the two groups (35% YP and 30% OP, P = 0.55). The frequency of malignant histologic subtypes did not differ between the groups (P = 0.439). In the YP group, only larger @entity1 size (hazard ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.50, P = 0.034) was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of recurrence. Those in the YP group were not more or less likely to develop recurrence than those in the OP group (hazard ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.22 to 2.85, P = 0.72). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 73% and 80% in the YP and OP groups, respectively (P = 0.23). The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 85% and 84% in the YP and OP groups, respectively (P = 0.88). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our study indicate that the natural history of RCTs is similar in both younger and older @entity0 . Young @entity0 were neither more nor less likely to develop recurrence compared with their older counterparts.

title: Natural history and clinical outcome of XXXX diagnosed in the young adult.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate prospectively the combination of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog with a @entity9 analog and @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in a randomized Phase II study. @entity4 presents a challenging therapeutic problem. Salvage chemotherapy is the usual approach at this stage of the disease. The combination of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog with a @entity9 analog and @entity6 has produced objective clinical responses in @entity4 . METHODS: Forty @entity0 with @entity4 were randomized to receive one of two treatments. Group 1 underwent chemotherapy ( @entity11 140 mg three times daily and @entity10 100 mg orally for 21 days) and group 2 the combination of a @entity9 analog ( @entity12 30 mg intramuscularly every 14 days) and @entity6 (4 mg tapered to 1 mg), in addition to @entity5 ablation by orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (triptorelin 3.75 mg intramuscularly every 28 days). The clinical and @entity7 response, overall survival, time to progression, and @entity2 were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The data of 20 @entity0 in group 1 and 18 in group 2 were analyzed. The demographic and clinical data were similar in the two groups at study entry. A @entity7 response (decrease of greater than 50%) was observed in 45% of group 1 and 44% of group 2. The difference was not statistically significant. A partial clinical response was observed in 29% and 30% of groups 1 and 2, respectively. Again, the difference was not statistically significant. Changes in performance status and @entity3 score during treatment were not significantly different in the two groups. @entity8 was more frequent in group 1 (80% of @entity0 ), and mild @entity1 was more frequent in group 2 (22% of @entity0 ). The overall survival was 18.8 months in group 1 and 18 months in group 2 (not statistically significant). The time to progression was 6 versus 4 months and, in the @entity7 responder subgroup, it was 8 versus 7.7 months in groups 1 and 2, respectively (neither difference was statistically significant). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our randomized Phase II study indicated that the new combination treatment (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog, @entity9 analog, and @entity6 ) may be equally effective as salvage chemotherapy in @entity0 with @entity4 in terms of the clinical and @entity7 response, overall survival, and time to progression. A larger prospective Phase III trial is required to confirm our observations.

title: Combination of LHRH analog with XXXX analog and @entity6 versus chemotherapy in @entity4 : a randomized phase II study.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate prospectively the combination of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog with a @entity9 analog and @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in a randomized Phase II study. @entity4 presents a challenging therapeutic problem. Salvage chemotherapy is the usual approach at this stage of the disease. The combination of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog with a @entity9 analog and @entity6 has produced objective clinical responses in @entity4 . METHODS: Forty @entity0 with @entity4 were randomized to receive one of two treatments. Group 1 underwent chemotherapy ( @entity11 140 mg three times daily and @entity10 100 mg orally for 21 days) and group 2 the combination of a @entity9 analog ( @entity12 30 mg intramuscularly every 14 days) and @entity6 (4 mg tapered to 1 mg), in addition to @entity5 ablation by orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (triptorelin 3.75 mg intramuscularly every 28 days). The clinical and @entity7 response, overall survival, time to progression, and @entity2 were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The data of 20 @entity0 in group 1 and 18 in group 2 were analyzed. The demographic and clinical data were similar in the two groups at study entry. A @entity7 response (decrease of greater than 50%) was observed in 45% of group 1 and 44% of group 2. The difference was not statistically significant. A partial clinical response was observed in 29% and 30% of groups 1 and 2, respectively. Again, the difference was not statistically significant. Changes in performance status and @entity3 score during treatment were not significantly different in the two groups. @entity8 was more frequent in group 1 (80% of @entity0 ), and mild @entity1 was more frequent in group 2 (22% of @entity0 ). The overall survival was 18.8 months in group 1 and 18 months in group 2 (not statistically significant). The time to progression was 6 versus 4 months and, in the @entity7 responder subgroup, it was 8 versus 7.7 months in groups 1 and 2, respectively (neither difference was statistically significant). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our randomized Phase II study indicated that the new combination treatment (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog, @entity9 analog, and @entity6 ) may be equally effective as salvage chemotherapy in @entity0 with @entity4 in terms of the clinical and @entity7 response, overall survival, and time to progression. A larger prospective Phase III trial is required to confirm our observations.

title: Combination of LHRH analog with @entity9 analog and @entity6 versus chemotherapy in XXXX : a randomized phase II study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate prospectively the combination of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog with a @entity9 analog and @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in a randomized Phase II study. @entity4 presents a challenging therapeutic problem. Salvage chemotherapy is the usual approach at this stage of the disease. The combination of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog with a @entity9 analog and @entity6 has produced objective clinical responses in @entity4 . METHODS: Forty @entity0 with @entity4 were randomized to receive one of two treatments. Group 1 underwent chemotherapy ( @entity11 140 mg three times daily and @entity10 100 mg orally for 21 days) and group 2 the combination of a @entity9 analog ( @entity12 30 mg intramuscularly every 14 days) and @entity6 (4 mg tapered to 1 mg), in addition to @entity5 ablation by orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (triptorelin 3.75 mg intramuscularly every 28 days). The clinical and @entity7 response, overall survival, time to progression, and @entity2 were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The data of 20 @entity0 in group 1 and 18 in group 2 were analyzed. The demographic and clinical data were similar in the two groups at study entry. A @entity7 response (decrease of greater than 50%) was observed in 45% of group 1 and 44% of group 2. The difference was not statistically significant. A partial clinical response was observed in 29% and 30% of groups 1 and 2, respectively. Again, the difference was not statistically significant. Changes in performance status and @entity3 score during treatment were not significantly different in the two groups. @entity8 was more frequent in group 1 (80% of @entity0 ), and mild @entity1 was more frequent in group 2 (22% of @entity0 ). The overall survival was 18.8 months in group 1 and 18 months in group 2 (not statistically significant). The time to progression was 6 versus 4 months and, in the @entity7 responder subgroup, it was 8 versus 7.7 months in groups 1 and 2, respectively (neither difference was statistically significant). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our randomized Phase II study indicated that the new combination treatment (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog, @entity9 analog, and @entity6 ) may be equally effective as salvage chemotherapy in @entity0 with @entity4 in terms of the clinical and @entity7 response, overall survival, and time to progression. A larger prospective Phase III trial is required to confirm our observations.

title: Combination of LHRH analog with @entity9 analog and XXXX versus chemotherapy in @entity4 : a randomized phase II study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Radiation @entity7 is the reaction of the organ lung to radiation effects in various target cells. It starts as an exudative @entity1 , with the clinical picture of @entity4 6-12 weeks after irradiation, and proceeds to a productive chronic @entity1 lasting several months and terminating, as other chronic @entity1 do, in scar formation, @entity3 . Lung @entity3 is the common end point after lung damage from a wide range of damaging agents. The pathogenetic process leading to the signs and symptoms of radiation @entity7 is an integrated response of the complex organization of lung tissue. Clinical and pathologic data in @entity0 do not support the hypothesis that the early inflammatory phase of radiation " @entity2 " and late "radiation @entity3 " are independent pathogenetic processes in the same way as @entity6 and subcutaneous @entity3 are separate pathologic entities. The target cell population that initiates the pathogenetic process in the lung is not known, and it has been suggested that no single identifiable target exists. The entire process is the result of complex functional alterations in endothelial cells, pneumocytes, macrophages, and other resident and transient cells. No evidence has been found for a role of stem cell sterilization, for impaired transit cell proliferation, or for @entity5 , which is the hallmark of other acute inflammatory normal tissue damage (i.e., in the mucosa). The radiobiologic concepts developed in cellular radiobiology are not adequate for the quantitative analysis of radiation @entity7 . A new analytical framework based on structurally defined intercellular interaction by signaling molecules and their activation needs to be developed. This would not be only an abstract radiobiologic paradigm but would be the key to the development of potential therapeutic interventions in irradiated @entity0 .

title: Target cells in radiation XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A substantial amount of Montserrat volcanic ash, containing up to 24% of @entity6 (w/w), a fibrogenic crystalline @entity6 , has been generated since the first documented eruption in 1995. The bioreactivity of the ash and its two major components: @entity6 and anorthite have been studied in vivo for a year following intratracheal instillation into @entity1 . METHODS: The @entity1 (n=5) were instilled with a sterile vehicle solution (0.15 M @entity5 ) and/or three doses (1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mg) of each of the dust, and were sacrificed at 13, 25 or 49 weeks post-instillation for quantitative biochemical and histopathological analyses in the lung and lymph nodes. RESULTS: @entity6 caused @entity0 in the lung and @entity4 in the hilar lymph nodes associated with significant size augmentation at 13 weeks post-instillation (P<0.05) and @entity6 (5.0 mg) induced @entity3 in the lung at 49 weeks post-exposure. However, the Montserrat volcanic ash caused @entity0 in the lung at 49 weeks post-treatment without any fibrogenic response although the ash (5.0 mg) triggered significant lymph node enlargement without significant changes in the lung at 13 weeks post-treatment (P<0.05). Dose and time independent responses in the @entity7 -exposed lung and lymph nodes suggest that a single instillation of 5.0 mg of poorly soluble mineral dust does not induce any change in the lung or lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: The ash produces inflammatory reactions in lymph nodes at 13 weeks post-instillation in @entity1 . These effects are seen much earlier than any inflammatory reaction in the lung. The onset of the @entity2 is delayed until 49 weeks post-exposure. Despite the high @entity6 content of the ash, there is no evidence of any lung fibrogenic responses.

title: Montserrat volcanic ash induces lymph node XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A substantial amount of Montserrat volcanic ash, containing up to 24% of @entity6 (w/w), a fibrogenic crystalline @entity6 , has been generated since the first documented eruption in 1995. The bioreactivity of the ash and its two major components: @entity6 and anorthite have been studied in vivo for a year following intratracheal instillation into @entity1 . METHODS: The @entity1 (n=5) were instilled with a sterile vehicle solution (0.15 M @entity5 ) and/or three doses (1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mg) of each of the dust, and were sacrificed at 13, 25 or 49 weeks post-instillation for quantitative biochemical and histopathological analyses in the lung and lymph nodes. RESULTS: @entity6 caused @entity0 in the lung and @entity4 in the hilar lymph nodes associated with significant size augmentation at 13 weeks post-instillation (P<0.05) and @entity6 (5.0 mg) induced @entity3 in the lung at 49 weeks post-exposure. However, the Montserrat volcanic ash caused @entity0 in the lung at 49 weeks post-treatment without any fibrogenic response although the ash (5.0 mg) triggered significant lymph node enlargement without significant changes in the lung at 13 weeks post-treatment (P<0.05). Dose and time independent responses in the @entity7 -exposed lung and lymph nodes suggest that a single instillation of 5.0 mg of poorly soluble mineral dust does not induce any change in the lung or lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: The ash produces inflammatory reactions in lymph nodes at 13 weeks post-instillation in @entity1 . These effects are seen much earlier than any inflammatory reaction in the lung. The onset of the @entity2 is delayed until 49 weeks post-exposure. Despite the high @entity6 content of the ash, there is no evidence of any lung fibrogenic responses.

title: Montserrat volcanic ash induces lymph node @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of @entity0 with @entity5 and an Arnold @entity6 requiring operative management. OBJECTIVES: Determine the factors that could predict whether a particular @entity2 might progress despite neurosurgical management of Arnold @entity6 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Few studies have documented the relationship between diagnosis and treatment of Arnold @entity6 and associated @entity2 . Most studies mix @entity3 and contain limited information about the @entity2 . METHODS: Medical records, radiographs, and magnetic resonance images of @entity0 were evaluated focusing on age and findings at presentation, characteristics of presenting and follow-up @entity2 , and the specifics of neurosurgical and orthopedic management. @entity0 were divided into two groups: those whose curves progressed >10 degrees or to surgical range (largest curve >45 degrees ) after neurosurgical intervention (progressors) and those whose curves stabilized or decreased (nonprogressors). RESULTS: Eight progressors presented at an average age of 11.4 years (range 2-19) and were followed for 6.3 years (range 2-15). Seven nonprogressors presented at 6.5 years of age (range 5-10) and were followed for 6.6 years (range 3.5-14). Neurosurgical procedures were equivalent in both groups; however, surgical revisions were required in 3 out of 8 progressors and 1 out of 7 nonprogressors. All progressors had a double @entity5 curve; but only one nonprogressor had a double curve. Six out of 8 progressors and 0 out of 7 nonprogressors had a rotation >or=2+ and 50% of progressors had a @entity4 >50 degrees compared to 1 out of 7 nonprogressors. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, progression of @entity2 after neurosurgical management of Arnold @entity6 was associated with later age at neurosurgical decompressions and @entity1 , double @entity5 curve patterns, @entity4 , rotation, and larger curve at presentation.

title: Predictors of progression of @entity5 after decompression of an Arnold XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of @entity0 with @entity5 and an Arnold @entity6 requiring operative management. OBJECTIVES: Determine the factors that could predict whether a particular @entity2 might progress despite neurosurgical management of Arnold @entity6 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Few studies have documented the relationship between diagnosis and treatment of Arnold @entity6 and associated @entity2 . Most studies mix @entity3 and contain limited information about the @entity2 . METHODS: Medical records, radiographs, and magnetic resonance images of @entity0 were evaluated focusing on age and findings at presentation, characteristics of presenting and follow-up @entity2 , and the specifics of neurosurgical and orthopedic management. @entity0 were divided into two groups: those whose curves progressed >10 degrees or to surgical range (largest curve >45 degrees ) after neurosurgical intervention (progressors) and those whose curves stabilized or decreased (nonprogressors). RESULTS: Eight progressors presented at an average age of 11.4 years (range 2-19) and were followed for 6.3 years (range 2-15). Seven nonprogressors presented at 6.5 years of age (range 5-10) and were followed for 6.6 years (range 3.5-14). Neurosurgical procedures were equivalent in both groups; however, surgical revisions were required in 3 out of 8 progressors and 1 out of 7 nonprogressors. All progressors had a double @entity5 curve; but only one nonprogressor had a double curve. Six out of 8 progressors and 0 out of 7 nonprogressors had a rotation >or=2+ and 50% of progressors had a @entity4 >50 degrees compared to 1 out of 7 nonprogressors. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, progression of @entity2 after neurosurgical management of Arnold @entity6 was associated with later age at neurosurgical decompressions and @entity1 , double @entity5 curve patterns, @entity4 , rotation, and larger curve at presentation.

title: Predictors of progression of XXXX after decompression of an Arnold @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A 43-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital due to unstable walking, head tilting to the left and difficulty in extending his arm. He was quite healthy until the age of 20 years, when these symptoms appeared and progressed slowly afterward. Due to his unstable walking, he started to use a wheelchair when he was 39 years old. He had no family history of similar disease. On admission, neurological examination revealed spasmodic torticollis, ataxic speech and marked limb and @entity10 . @entity9 flexion of the forearm was induced when he raised and extended his forearm. He also showed mild @entity6 in the lower limbs without pathological reflexes. He had @entity5 and @entity3 of the left supraspinatus, infraspinatus, @entity2 and mild superficial sensory impairment in the left axillary nerve territory due to cervical @entity7 of the left C5 root. MRI of the brain demonstrated severe bilateral @entity3 of the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis but minimal @entity3 of the cerebrum and brainstem. Because surface electromyography revealed continuous discharge with phasic components in the biceps and wrist flexor muscles on extending the upper limbs, the jerky flexion movement of the forearm was considered to be primarily @entity11 . Although no giant SEP was observed, a C-response was detected in the long-loop reflex in response to right median nerve stimulation. Nuclear examinations showed diffuse hypoperfusion and decreased @entity4 metabolism in the cerebellum. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that @entity1 may have induced severe @entity12 resembling @entity9 . We would like to name this complicated involuntary movement an "arm thrust". This is the first case to be reported of sporadic, chronic, progressive @entity13 accompanied by severe @entity12 , especially on stretching the forearms, that mimics @entity8 .

title: [A case of @entity13 showing severe @entity11 masquerading as XXXX movements on arm extension].

answer: @entity9


abstract: A 43-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital due to unstable walking, head tilting to the left and difficulty in extending his arm. He was quite healthy until the age of 20 years, when these symptoms appeared and progressed slowly afterward. Due to his unstable walking, he started to use a wheelchair when he was 39 years old. He had no family history of similar disease. On admission, neurological examination revealed spasmodic torticollis, ataxic speech and marked limb and @entity10 . @entity9 flexion of the forearm was induced when he raised and extended his forearm. He also showed mild @entity6 in the lower limbs without pathological reflexes. He had @entity5 and @entity3 of the left supraspinatus, infraspinatus, @entity2 and mild superficial sensory impairment in the left axillary nerve territory due to cervical @entity7 of the left C5 root. MRI of the brain demonstrated severe bilateral @entity3 of the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis but minimal @entity3 of the cerebrum and brainstem. Because surface electromyography revealed continuous discharge with phasic components in the biceps and wrist flexor muscles on extending the upper limbs, the jerky flexion movement of the forearm was considered to be primarily @entity11 . Although no giant SEP was observed, a C-response was detected in the long-loop reflex in response to right median nerve stimulation. Nuclear examinations showed diffuse hypoperfusion and decreased @entity4 metabolism in the cerebellum. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that @entity1 may have induced severe @entity12 resembling @entity9 . We would like to name this complicated involuntary movement an "arm thrust". This is the first case to be reported of sporadic, chronic, progressive @entity13 accompanied by severe @entity12 , especially on stretching the forearms, that mimics @entity8 .

title: [A case of XXXX showing severe @entity11 masquerading as @entity9 movements on arm extension].

answer: @entity13


abstract: A 43-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital due to unstable walking, head tilting to the left and difficulty in extending his arm. He was quite healthy until the age of 20 years, when these symptoms appeared and progressed slowly afterward. Due to his unstable walking, he started to use a wheelchair when he was 39 years old. He had no family history of similar disease. On admission, neurological examination revealed spasmodic torticollis, ataxic speech and marked limb and @entity10 . @entity9 flexion of the forearm was induced when he raised and extended his forearm. He also showed mild @entity6 in the lower limbs without pathological reflexes. He had @entity5 and @entity3 of the left supraspinatus, infraspinatus, @entity2 and mild superficial sensory impairment in the left axillary nerve territory due to cervical @entity7 of the left C5 root. MRI of the brain demonstrated severe bilateral @entity3 of the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis but minimal @entity3 of the cerebrum and brainstem. Because surface electromyography revealed continuous discharge with phasic components in the biceps and wrist flexor muscles on extending the upper limbs, the jerky flexion movement of the forearm was considered to be primarily @entity11 . Although no giant SEP was observed, a C-response was detected in the long-loop reflex in response to right median nerve stimulation. Nuclear examinations showed diffuse hypoperfusion and decreased @entity4 metabolism in the cerebellum. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that @entity1 may have induced severe @entity12 resembling @entity9 . We would like to name this complicated involuntary movement an "arm thrust". This is the first case to be reported of sporadic, chronic, progressive @entity13 accompanied by severe @entity12 , especially on stretching the forearms, that mimics @entity8 .

title: [A case of @entity13 showing severe XXXX masquerading as @entity9 movements on arm extension].

answer: @entity11


abstract: A 15-year-old @entity0 developed @entity10 and @entity7 4 years after allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for lymphoid crisis of @entity9 . On admission, he presented with clinical features of chronic GVHD including transient exacerbation of @entity2 . Renal biopsy showed @entity4 with cellular crescents. The @entity0 was treated with @entity8 pulse therapy (1 g/day, for 3 days) followed by oral @entity3 . Renal function gradually improved but @entity10 state was persistent. A second renal biopsy showed improvement of @entity11 and endocapillary proliferation and transformation of crescents into a fibrous form. After tapering of oral @entity3 , @entity6 was started, which resulted in a gradual improvement of @entity5 . Several cases of @entity10 occurring after BMT have already been reported, but most cases had @entity1 . In our case, renal biopsy revealed @entity4 with findings of active cellular immunity, and aggressive treatment resulted in attenuation of these findings. Moreover, chronic @entity2 was noted at the time of this episode. Our findings suggest that chronic GVHD may be complicated with @entity4 through unknown cellular immune mechanism.

title: Diffuse proliferative XXXX after bone marrow transplantation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 with @entity6 is associated with ductal agenesis and markedly dilated main and branch pulmonary arteries. The less common variant with intact ventricular septum generally exhibits a patent ductus and smaller branch pulmonary arteries, and may be associated with @entity5 . We identified 7 @entity0 with the prenatal diagnosis of @entity2 , 5 with @entity6 (Group 1) and 2 with an intact ventricular septum (Group 2). Imaging, color Doppler, and pulsed-Doppler recordings were analyzed. The branch and main pulmonary arteries were measured and expressed as a ratio with the descending aorta. @entity2 time (PRT) and diastolic acceleration time (DAT) were derived, and DAT/PRT was calculated to characterize diastolic pulmonary flow. Group 1 @entity0 all had a large @entity6 , normal biventricular size and function, and dilated main and branch pulmonary arteries. Group 2 @entity0 had dilated main but smaller branch pulmonary arteries, moderate @entity4 with severe @entity3 , and limited or absent tricuspid inflow. Group 1 demonstrated shorter acceleration time and earlier peak velocity, resulting in a smaller DAT/RT ratio. We speculate that free communication between the fetal aorta and the ventricles may limit atrial inflow and elevate diastolic pressure, affecting cardiac output, ventricular function, and @entity1 . With an intact ventricular septum, these physiologic and anatomic repercussions are limited to the right ventricle, but with a @entity6 , both ventricles would experience similar consequences and cardiac performance could be critically impaired.

title: Prenatal role of the ductus arteriosus in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of stent @entity3 coating on inflammatory response. The authors serially measured plasma concentrations of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity8 , and several cytokines ( @entity1 @entity2 factor, interleukin [IL]-1-beta, @entity4 , and @entity5 ) in @entity0 with single-vessel @entity9 who underwent primary stent implantation. None of the subjects had inflammatory or infectious disease at the time of the procedure. Forty-six @entity0 (38 males; mean age 55 +/-9 years) were studied. Blood samples were collected before and at 2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 hours after stent implantation. @entity0 were randomly assigned 1 of 2 different stent types, an uncoated MAC (AMG Raesfeld-Erle, Germany) (UC-MAC) or a @entity3 -coated MAC (CC-MAC) stent. Implantations were performed without predilatation, and stents were deployed at a maximum pressure of 6 atmospheres for 90 seconds. Of the 46 @entity0 , 14 had stable, 27 had unstable, and 5 had @entity6 . According to ACC/AHA classification, 35 lesions (76.1%) were type A, 10 (21.7%) were type B, and 1 (2.2%) was type C. Single stenosis of 28 left anterior descending, 12 circumflex, and 6 right coronary arteries were treated. Serum @entity4 increased in both the UC-MAC and CC-MAC groups, with concentrations significantly elevated above baseline at 6 hours, and then decreasing after 24 hours (baseline, 6-hour, and 24-hour values = 3.1 +/-2.3, 5.7 +/-3.8, and 6.3 +/-4.6 pg/mL, respectively, in UC-MAC; 3.7 +/-2.6, 6.2 +/-6.0, and 4.6 +/-3.7 pg/mL, respectively, in CC-MAC [p=0.002]). Plasma @entity8 , @entity7 , and leukocyte concentrations also increased in both groups over the 24 hours (p < 0.05). The elevations of @entity4 , @entity7 , and @entity8 were similar in the 2 groups. The percent increases in @entity4 , @entity8 , and @entity7 were not associated with stent length, size, or clinical presentation (all p > 0.05). The results showed that stent implantation increases plasma @entity4 , @entity8 , and @entity7 concentrations, but @entity3 coating of the stent does not seem to affect this inflammatory response.

title: XXXX coating of stents has no effect on inflammatory response to primary stent deployment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We describe a general method for the analysis of ligand-macromolecule binding equilibria for cases in which the interaction is monitored by a change in a signal originating from the ligand. This method allows the absolute determination of the average degree of ligand binding per macromolecule without any assumptions concerning the number of modes or states for ligand binding or the relationship between the fractional signal change and the fraction of bound ligand. Although this method is generally applicable to any type of signal, we discuss the details of the method as it applies to the analysis of binding data monitored by a change in fluorescence of a ligand upon binding to a nucleic acid. We apply the analysis to the equilibrium binding of @entity0 single-strand binding ( @entity2 ) protein to single-stranded nucleic acids, which is monitored by the quenching of the intrinsic @entity1 fluorescence of the @entity2 protein. With this method, one can quantitatively determine the relationship between the fractional signal change of the ligand and the fraction of bound ligand, LB/LT, and rigorously test whether the signal change is directly proportional to LB/LT. For @entity0 @entity2 protein binding to single-stranded nucleic acids in its ( @entity2 )65 binding mode [Lohman, T. M., _ Overman, L. B. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 3594; Chrysogelos, S., _ Griffith, J. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 5803], we show that the fractional quenching of the @entity2 fluorescence is equal to the fraction of bound @entity2 .

title: A general method of analysis of ligand-macromolecule equilibria using a spectroscopic signal from the ligand to monitor binding. Application to XXXX single-strand binding protein-nucleic acid interactions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In recent years, the possible role of occupational solvent exposure as a cause of chronic effects on the brain has been a matter of increasing concern. The present study was undertaken with the purpose of further investigating this problem, trying to minimize confounding owing to effects of recent solvent exposure and a 'healthy worker' effect. This was accomplished by studying a historical cohort of painters. The material consists of a random sample of 85 painters, and as a non-exposed control group of 85 bricklayers, selected in the same way. Parts of the study are based on this sample supplemented by a sample of 9 painters and 14 bricklayers, selected among subjects with a high degree of complaints on @entity0 . On the basis of a detailed interview on previous solvent exposure, the painters were divided into three groups with low, medium and high solvent exposure, respectively. As signs of @entity1 we used the degree of @entity3 and performance in psychometric tests as assessed at a neuropsychological examination; the degree of @entity4 as assessed from clinical neurological tests; and the degree of @entity2 as assessed from CT-scans of the brain. CT-scans were performed only on a specially selected subsample. The degree of @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity2 increased significantly with the degree of solvent exposure. A similar, but non-significant association was found for the relation between performance in psychometric tests and solvent exposure. The degree of @entity3 , of @entity4 , and of @entity2 were positively associated with each other, suggesting that they reflect different aspects of a common underlying factor, an @entity1 . A review of the literature compared with the results of the present study suggests that a number of studies may have been biased towards negative findings owing to the inclusion in the study material of large proportions of subjects with a solvent exposure that is too little to increase the risk of an @entity1 . Conflicting results between different studies on performance in psychometric tests may also arise from insufficient adjustment for primary intellectual level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Mixed solvent exposure and XXXX . A study of painters.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. @entity4 transporters (also known as excitatory @entity3 transporters or EAAT) are solely responsible for the removal of the excitatory neurotransmitter @entity5 ( @entity1 ) from the extracellular space and, thus, permit normal transmission, as well as preventing cell death due to the excessive activation of @entity1 receptors. 2. Five subtypes of @entity4 transporter (EAAT1-5) exist, possessing distinct pharmacology, cellular localization and modulatory mechanisms. 3. Experimental inhibition of EAAT activity in vitro and in vivo results in increased extracellular concentrations of @entity1 and in @entity2 via excitotoxicity, highlighting the importance of EAAT in normal excitatory neurotransmission. 4. Dysfunction of EAAT may contribute to the pathology of both @entity0 and @entity6 , so correction of EAAT function under these conditions may provide a valuable therapeutic strategy. 5. The present review describes basic pharmacological studies that allow new insights into EAAT function and suggest possible strategies for the therapeutic modulation of EAAT.

title: Roles and regulation of XXXX transporters in the central nervous system.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is a common yet poorly understood disease that is often exacerbated by emotional stress. While a psychiatric explanation of causality is frequently offered, there is little evidence to support or reject the view that the condition is primarily an @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To quantify objectively the degree of psychopathology in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity0 diagnosed as having @entity3 were examined prior to endoscopic sympathectomies. All @entity0 took the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and State-Trait @entity1 Inventory (STAI) before surgery. Results were compared with established norms. RESULTS: The group scored well within established norms on both psychometric measures. On scales measuring @entity1 , @entity2 and conversion phenomena, 88% of the MMPI-2 profiles lacked elevations, and 86% of the @entity0 lacked elevations on the STAI State and Trait @entity1 scales. Personality variables were not associated with postsurgical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Most individuals suffering from essential @entity3 lack overt psychopathology. While some @entity0 subjectively describe symptoms of @entity1 , mild @entity2 and social isolation, these complaints appear often to be in reaction to or superimposed upon an organic disease process and not the primary cause of their condition.

title: The relationship of psychopathology and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The historic triad of @entity8 , @entity10 , and intolerance to @entity5 and related chemicals, recently designated as @entity6 , is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. The condition is probably acquired, perhaps secondary to a @entity12 , but a hereditary factor may be important in some @entity0 . Most @entity0 with this syndrome are adults, with an occasional case being identified in a teenager or older @entity0 . Although not every @entity0 will have the fully developed syndrome, the typical @entity0 will have all three of the classic features. Many @entity0 with @entity6 also have a marked @entity11 of both bronchial and nasal secretions as well as the circulating blood. Approximately 10 per cent of the @entity0 have @entity3 and/or @entity4 , alone or in combination with @entity1 . The diagnosis usually can be established easily on the basis of the history and physical examination, and only rarely in clinical practice is it necessary to perform a confirmatory @entity5 challenge test. As with all @entity2 , the cornerstone of treatment is environmental control with avoidance of respiratory irritants, @entity5 , and @entity5 -like medications. Management of upper @entity9 requires careful prescription of medication supplemented by judicious selection of surgery. A variety of medications, including bronchodilators and @entity7 , can be used to treat the bronchial symptoms. The results of current research are expected to lead to better understanding followed by further improvements in treatment for @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: @entity8 , nasal polyps, and XXXX sensitivity: @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The historic triad of @entity8 , @entity10 , and intolerance to @entity5 and related chemicals, recently designated as @entity6 , is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. The condition is probably acquired, perhaps secondary to a @entity12 , but a hereditary factor may be important in some @entity0 . Most @entity0 with this syndrome are adults, with an occasional case being identified in a teenager or older @entity0 . Although not every @entity0 will have the fully developed syndrome, the typical @entity0 will have all three of the classic features. Many @entity0 with @entity6 also have a marked @entity11 of both bronchial and nasal secretions as well as the circulating blood. Approximately 10 per cent of the @entity0 have @entity3 and/or @entity4 , alone or in combination with @entity1 . The diagnosis usually can be established easily on the basis of the history and physical examination, and only rarely in clinical practice is it necessary to perform a confirmatory @entity5 challenge test. As with all @entity2 , the cornerstone of treatment is environmental control with avoidance of respiratory irritants, @entity5 , and @entity5 -like medications. Management of upper @entity9 requires careful prescription of medication supplemented by judicious selection of surgery. A variety of medications, including bronchodilators and @entity7 , can be used to treat the bronchial symptoms. The results of current research are expected to lead to better understanding followed by further improvements in treatment for @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: @entity8 , nasal polyps, and @entity5 sensitivity: XXXX .

answer: @entity6