abstract: Heterologous desensitization of chemokine receptors by opioids has been considered to contribute to their immunosuppressive effects. Previous studies show that @entity3 , an endogenous opioid, down-regulates chemotaxis of selected chemokine receptors via phosphorylation. In the present study, we further investigated the molecular mechanism of such cross-regulation. Our data showed that preincubation with @entity3 inhibited both @entity6 -mediated chemotaxis and @entity0 flux of monocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects were maximal using nanomolar concentrations of activating chemokines, a concentration found in physiological conditions. A decrease both in chemokine receptor affinity and in coupling efficiency between receptors and G protein were observed, which directly contributed to the desensitization effects. However, comparing with chemokines such as @entity6 and @entity2 , opioids did not elicit a @entity1 flux, failed to induce @entity6 receptors internalization, and mediated a less potent heterologous desensitization. We hypothesized that these differences might originate from the involvement of different @entity4 ( @entity4 ) isotypes. In our studies, opioid-mediated down-regulation of @entity6 receptors could be blocked by the general @entity4 inhibitor @entity7 , but not by the @entity1 -dependent classic @entity4 inhibitor @entity5 . Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescent staining further showed that only @entity1 -independent PKCs were activated upon opioid stimulation. Thus, opioids achieve desensitization of chemokine receptors via a unique pathway, involving only @entity1 -independent @entity4 isotypes.

title: XXXX -independent protein kinase Cs mediate heterologous desensitization of leukocyte chemokine receptors by opioid receptors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness of delayed-release @entity4 ( @entity3 , also known as gastro-resistant @entity3 ), an effective therapy for relapsing forms of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), compared with @entity2 and @entity5 , commonly used treatments in the US. METHODS: A Markov model was developed comparing delayed-release @entity3 to @entity2 and @entity5 using a US payer perspective and 20-year time horizon. A cohort of @entity0 , mean age 38 years, with relapsing-remitting @entity1 and Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores between 0-6 entered the model. Efficacy and safety were estimated by mixed-treatment comparison of data from the DEFINE and CONFIRM trials and clinical trials of other disease-modifying therapies. Data from published studies were used to derive resource use, cost, and utility inputs. Key outcomes included costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Alternative scenarios tested in a sensitivity analysis included drug efficacy, EDSS-related or relapse-related costs, alternative perspectives, drug acquisition costs, and utility. RESULTS: Base-case results with a 20-year time horizon indicated that delayed-release @entity3 increased QALYs +0.450 or +0.359 compared with @entity2 or @entity5 , respectively. Reductions in 20-year costs with delayed-release @entity3 were - 70,644 compared with once-daily @entity2 and - 32,958 compared with @entity5 . In an analysis comparing delayed-release @entity3 to three-times-weekly @entity2 and assuming similar efficacy and safety to the once-daily formulation, 20-year costs with delayed-release @entity3 were increased by  15,806 and cost per QALY gained was  35,142. The differences in costs were most sensitive to acquisition cost and inclusion of informal care costs and productivity losses. The differences in QALYs were most sensitive to the impact of delayed-release @entity3 on disease progression and the EDSS utility weights. CONCLUSION: Delayed-release @entity3 is likely to increase QALYs for @entity0 with relapsing forms of @entity1 and be cost-effective compared with @entity5 and @entity2 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of delayed-release @entity4 for the treatment of relapsing forms of XXXX in the United States.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness of delayed-release @entity4 ( @entity3 , also known as gastro-resistant @entity3 ), an effective therapy for relapsing forms of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), compared with @entity2 and @entity5 , commonly used treatments in the US. METHODS: A Markov model was developed comparing delayed-release @entity3 to @entity2 and @entity5 using a US payer perspective and 20-year time horizon. A cohort of @entity0 , mean age 38 years, with relapsing-remitting @entity1 and Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores between 0-6 entered the model. Efficacy and safety were estimated by mixed-treatment comparison of data from the DEFINE and CONFIRM trials and clinical trials of other disease-modifying therapies. Data from published studies were used to derive resource use, cost, and utility inputs. Key outcomes included costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Alternative scenarios tested in a sensitivity analysis included drug efficacy, EDSS-related or relapse-related costs, alternative perspectives, drug acquisition costs, and utility. RESULTS: Base-case results with a 20-year time horizon indicated that delayed-release @entity3 increased QALYs +0.450 or +0.359 compared with @entity2 or @entity5 , respectively. Reductions in 20-year costs with delayed-release @entity3 were - 70,644 compared with once-daily @entity2 and - 32,958 compared with @entity5 . In an analysis comparing delayed-release @entity3 to three-times-weekly @entity2 and assuming similar efficacy and safety to the once-daily formulation, 20-year costs with delayed-release @entity3 were increased by  15,806 and cost per QALY gained was  35,142. The differences in costs were most sensitive to acquisition cost and inclusion of informal care costs and productivity losses. The differences in QALYs were most sensitive to the impact of delayed-release @entity3 on disease progression and the EDSS utility weights. CONCLUSION: Delayed-release @entity3 is likely to increase QALYs for @entity0 with relapsing forms of @entity1 and be cost-effective compared with @entity5 and @entity2 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of delayed-release XXXX for the treatment of relapsing forms of @entity1 in the United States.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To give an overview of recently published articles covering drug-free remission in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies covering drug-free remission showed differences in numbers studied, remission definition, disease duration and medication used. @entity2 was reported in 9-29%. Only two out of four studies reported on @entity0 who restarted medication due to a disease flare or loss of remission, which occurred in 45-46%. In the BeSt study, remission or low disease activity was achieved again after retreatment within 6 months in 96%. In the Finnish Early @entity1 study, none of the @entity0 achieved remission after retreatment; their mean Disease Activity Score (DAS28) was 3.68. Joint damage progression was not higher in @entity0 who restarted medication when compared to @entity0 in sustained drug-free remission or @entity0 with continued treatment. Anticitrullinated protein antibody, @entity1 factor or @entity3 and short symptom duration were independent predictors of successful drug-free remission in more than one cohort. SUMMARY: @entity2 can be achieved and sustained in a small group of @entity1 @entity0 . In early @entity1 , retreatment is successful in the majority of @entity0 . Disease flare after cessation of medication does not seem to increase joint damage progression. Sustained drug-free remission is predicted by autoantibody and @entity3 and short disease duration before treatment initiation.

title: XXXX : is it already possible?

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an association exists between common @entity2 , sociodemographic factors, and keratoconus (KCN) among a large, diverse group of insured individuals in the United States. DESIGN: Retrospective longitudinal cohort study. @entity0 : Sixteen thousand fifty-three @entity0 with KCN were matched 1:1 with @entity0 without KCN. METHODS: @entity0 with KCN were identified using billing codes and matched by age, gender, and overall health with a control group with no record of KCN. Multivariable logistic regression assessed whether sociodemographic factors and certain @entity2 affected the odds of KCN. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of receiving a KCN diagnosis. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounders, black @entity0 had 57% higher odds (adjusted OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.38-1.79; P < 0.001) and Latino @entity0 had 43% higher odds (adjusted OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.26-1.62; P  < 0.001) of being diagnosed with KCN compared with whites. Asians had 39% reduced odds (adjusted OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.50-0.75; P < 0.001) of being diagnosed with KCN compared with whites. @entity0 with uncomplicated @entity1 ( @entity1 ) had 20% lower odds of KCN (adjusted OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.90; P  =  0.002), and @entity0 with @entity1 complicated by end-organ damage had 52% lower odds of having KCN (adjusted OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.40-0.58; P < 0.001) compared with those without @entity1 . @entity0 with @entity8 had 35% lower odds of KCN (adjusted OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47-0.91; P  = 0.01). Other conditions found to have increased odds of KCN included @entity5 (adjusted OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.00-1.27; P  = 0.05), @entity7 (adjusted OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.17-1.47; P < 0.001), and Down syndrome (adjusted OR, 6.22; 95% CI, 2.08-18.66; P < 0.001). There was no association between KCN and @entity9 , @entity4 , @entity6 , or @entity3 (P > 0.1 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians caring for @entity0 with KCN should inquire about breathing or sleeping and, when appropriate, refer @entity0 for evaluation for @entity5 or @entity7 . @entity0 with @entity1 have lower risk of KCN, potentially because of corneal glycosylation.

title: The Association Between Sociodemographic Factors, Common XXXX , and Keratoconus: An Analysis of a Nationwide Heath Care Claims Database.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Recombinant @entity0 @entity2 (rhBMP-2) is approved by the Food and  Drug Administration as a viable alternative to bone graft in spinal fusion and maxillary sinus lift. The research questions for meta-analysis were: Is rhBMP-2 an effective bone graft substitute in localized alveolar ridge augmentation and @entity1 ? What are the potential adverse events? MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of MEDLINE from January 1980 to January 2014 using PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and EMBASE was performed. Searches were performed from Medical Subject Headings. The quality of each study included was graded by Review Manager software. The primary outcome variable was bone formation measured as change in bone height on computed tomogram. A systematic review of adverse events also was performed. A  random-effects model was chosen. Continuous variables were calculated using the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing improvement from baseline of the experimental group with that of the control group. Change in bone height was calculated using logarithmic odds ratio. Test of significance used the Z statistic with a P value of .05. RESULTS: Ten studies met the criteria for systematic review; 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Five studies assessed localized alveolar ridge augmentation and resulted in an overall standardized mean difference of 0.56 (CI, 0.20-0.92) in favor of @entity3 ; this result was statistically important. Three studies assessed @entity1 and resulted in an overall standardized mean difference of -0.50 (CI, -0.93 to -0.09), which was meaningfully different in favor of the control group. Adverse events were inconsistently reported, ranging from no complications to widespread adverse events. CONCLUSION: For localized alveolar ridge augmentation, this meta-analysis showed that rhBMP-2 substantially increases bone height. However, rhBMP-2 does not perform as well as the autograft or allograft in @entity1 . Long-term clinical success and adverse events need to be reported with more consistency before definitive conclusions can be made.

title: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Recombinant @entity0 XXXX in Localized Alveolar Ridge and Maxillary Sinus Augmentation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Recombinant @entity0 @entity2 (rhBMP-2) is approved by the Food and  Drug Administration as a viable alternative to bone graft in spinal fusion and maxillary sinus lift. The research questions for meta-analysis were: Is rhBMP-2 an effective bone graft substitute in localized alveolar ridge augmentation and @entity1 ? What are the potential adverse events? MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of MEDLINE from January 1980 to January 2014 using PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and EMBASE was performed. Searches were performed from Medical Subject Headings. The quality of each study included was graded by Review Manager software. The primary outcome variable was bone formation measured as change in bone height on computed tomogram. A systematic review of adverse events also was performed. A  random-effects model was chosen. Continuous variables were calculated using the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing improvement from baseline of the experimental group with that of the control group. Change in bone height was calculated using logarithmic odds ratio. Test of significance used the Z statistic with a P value of .05. RESULTS: Ten studies met the criteria for systematic review; 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Five studies assessed localized alveolar ridge augmentation and resulted in an overall standardized mean difference of 0.56 (CI, 0.20-0.92) in favor of @entity3 ; this result was statistically important. Three studies assessed @entity1 and resulted in an overall standardized mean difference of -0.50 (CI, -0.93 to -0.09), which was meaningfully different in favor of the control group. Adverse events were inconsistently reported, ranging from no complications to widespread adverse events. CONCLUSION: For localized alveolar ridge augmentation, this meta-analysis showed that rhBMP-2 substantially increases bone height. However, rhBMP-2 does not perform as well as the autograft or allograft in @entity1 . Long-term clinical success and adverse events need to be reported with more consistency before definitive conclusions can be made.

title: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Recombinant XXXX @entity2 in Localized Alveolar Ridge and Maxillary Sinus Augmentation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: This paper discusses the diagnostic yield of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in @entity1 . METHODS: Contrast media are administered intraluminally (colon, small intestine) and intravenously (triple contrast CT). Filling of small bowel is achieved by means of @entity8 . Pharmacological relaxation of the intestine decreases motion artifact. Intraluminal contrast media consist of either hyperdense, "positive" or @entity9 , "negative" liquids. RESULTS: Thin-slice MSCT of the entire abdomen allows high-quality post processing (MPR, thin-slice @entity10 ). Due to superior distension, Sellink CT improves estimation of @entity5 or changes in thickness and contrast of bowel wall. Positive contrast is superior in the detection and preoperative localization of abscess, @entity3 or @entity0 , because it accurately differentiates between intra- and extraluminal structures.However, negative contrast facilitates quantitative evaluation of bowel wall thickening or enhancement and demonstrates @entity4 . CONCLUSION: MSCT of the small intestine is superior to conventional enteroclysis, especially in the diagnosis of mesenterial or other @entity2 . As a side effect, the colon is assessed in the same examination. Radiation dose is less in MSCT (7.8-13.3 @entity6 ) than in conventional fluoroscopy (13.99+/-7.57 @entity6 ). MSCT can be performed as an alternative or adjunct to colonoscopy, if endoscopic access is restricted. It is already the imaging modality of choice in acute @entity7 .

title: [Computed tomography in the diagnosis of XXXX -- methodology of MSCT and clinical results].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluation of typical MRI-findings in @entity0 with @entity1 receiving therapy. Correlation with the course of disease. @entity0 AND METHODS: 81 follow-up MRI-studies in 25 @entity0 conducted within a period of 3 weeks to 4 years were evaluated retrospectively. Therapy consisted in various combinations of antibiotics and immunosuppressive agents and if necessary operation. The findings of the MRI-studies were correlated with clinical data (e.g.operation of @entity1 ) and the subjective perception during therapy. RESULTS: The morphological substrate of @entity1 in the Hydro-MRI images is reliably detected. Especially in a delineation of extraluminal changes MRI is superior to endoscopy and enteroclysis. Independent from clinical symptoms short- and mid-term follow-up showed inflammatory changes of the intestinal wall in all 25 @entity0 . In 24/81 studies there was persistence or even progression of @entity1 in the MRI-studies, although @entity0 were free of symptoms by the time of image acquisition. CONCLUSION: Hydro-MRI is a modality for the evaluation of inflammatory changes in @entity0 with @entity1 . Independent from clinical symptoms persistence of @entity1 is detectable.

title: [Follow up of XXXX under therapy with hydro-MRI].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a devastating disease with a high mortality rate. One of the most important factors affecting favorable clinical outcome is early recanalization. Mechanical thrombectomy is an emerging treatment strategy for achieving a high recanalization rates. However, thrombectomy alone can be insufficient to complete recanalization, especially for @entity1 involving large artery @entity2 . The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy in @entity4 . METHODS: Fourteen consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 were treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Additional multimodal treatments were intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis, balloon angioplasty, or permanent stent placement. Recanalization by thrombectomy alone and multimodal treatments were assessed by the Thrombolysis in @entity3 (TICI) score. Clinical outcome was determined using the National Institutes of Health @entity1 Scale (NIHSS) at 7 days and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months. RESULTS: Thrombectomy alone and multimodal treatments were performed in 10 @entity0 (71.4%) and 4 @entity0 (28.6%), respectively. Successful recanalization (TICI 2b-3) was achieved in 11 (78.6%). Among these 11 @entity0 , 3 (27.3%) underwent multimodal treatment due to underlying @entity5 . Ten (71.4%) of the 14 showed NIHSS score improvement of >10. Overall mortality was 3 (21.4%) of 14. CONCLUSION: We suggest that mechanical thrombectomy is safe and effective for improving recanalization rates in @entity4 , with low complication rates. Also, in carefully selected @entity0 after the failure of recanalization by thrombectomy alone, additional multimodal treatment such as IA thrombolysis, balloons, or stents can be needed to achieve successful recanalization.

title: The Effectiveness of Additional Treatment Modalities after the Failure of Recanalization by Thrombectomy Alone in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 has been reported to be effective on stimulation of bone formation. To investigate the effects of @entity3 on bone formation relative factors of proximal tibia trabecular bone and on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS: Fourty 1-week-old male @entity0 were divided randomly into 2 groups, 20 @entity0 per group. @entity0 in experimental group received subcutaneous injection of @entity3 [(5 mg/(kg x d)], and the @entity0 in control group received injection of normal saline at the same dose. The expressions of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) of trabecular bone were analyzed in the tibia by immunohistochemical staining at 1 and 3 weeks after injection. BMSCs from the @entity0 femur at 1 and 3 weeks after injection were cultured under condition of osteogenic induction. @entity1 staining was performed on the 14th day after culture; real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity9 on the 21st day after culture; and von Kossa staining was performed on the 28th day after culture. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the expressions of @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity5 between the experimental group and control group at 1 and 3 weeks after injection (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentages of @entity1 positively-stained cells between the experimental group and the control group on the 14th day after culture (P > 0.05). The mRNA expressions of @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity8 , D1x3, and @entity9 in osteogenic differentiation-induced BMSCs had also no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group at 1 and 3 weeks after culture (P > 0.05). No significant difference in biomineralization was found between the experimental group and control group at 1 and 3 weeks after culture (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous injection of @entity3 [(5 mg/(kg x d)] for 1 or 3 weeks can affect neither the expressions of bone formation relative factors of proximal tibia trabecular bone nor the osteogenic differentiation of the BMSCs.

title: [Effects of XXXX on bone formation relative factors of trabecular bone and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in young @entity0 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 has been reported to be effective on stimulation of bone formation. To investigate the effects of @entity3 on bone formation relative factors of proximal tibia trabecular bone and on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS: Fourty 1-week-old male @entity0 were divided randomly into 2 groups, 20 @entity0 per group. @entity0 in experimental group received subcutaneous injection of @entity3 [(5 mg/(kg x d)], and the @entity0 in control group received injection of normal saline at the same dose. The expressions of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) of trabecular bone were analyzed in the tibia by immunohistochemical staining at 1 and 3 weeks after injection. BMSCs from the @entity0 femur at 1 and 3 weeks after injection were cultured under condition of osteogenic induction. @entity1 staining was performed on the 14th day after culture; real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity9 on the 21st day after culture; and von Kossa staining was performed on the 28th day after culture. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the expressions of @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity5 between the experimental group and control group at 1 and 3 weeks after injection (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentages of @entity1 positively-stained cells between the experimental group and the control group on the 14th day after culture (P > 0.05). The mRNA expressions of @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity8 , D1x3, and @entity9 in osteogenic differentiation-induced BMSCs had also no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group at 1 and 3 weeks after culture (P > 0.05). No significant difference in biomineralization was found between the experimental group and control group at 1 and 3 weeks after culture (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous injection of @entity3 [(5 mg/(kg x d)] for 1 or 3 weeks can affect neither the expressions of bone formation relative factors of proximal tibia trabecular bone nor the osteogenic differentiation of the BMSCs.

title: [Effects of @entity3 on bone formation relative factors of trabecular bone and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in young XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin M (IgM) @entity1 is an idiopathic @entity9 with @entity13 and diffuse IgM deposits. METHODS: We studied clinical presentation, morphological findings, and prognostic factors in 110 @entity0 with @entity1 without @entity6 . The series included both pediatric and adult @entity0 with @entity12 ( @entity12 ) or minor @entity11 . RESULTS: Mean postbiopsy follow-up was 8 years. During 15 years of follow-up, 36% of @entity0 developed @entity5 and 23% reached @entity8 . In multivariate analysis, @entity3 at the time of renal biopsy was the only significant risk factor for @entity5 . Of histological parameters, @entity2 had the strongest prognostic value. @entity3 was diagnosed in 50% of @entity0 with a postbiopsy follow-up of 15 years. Twenty-nine percent of @entity12 @entity0 had disease resistant to @entity7 , whereas 80% of @entity0 with @entity4 -sensitive disease were @entity4 dependent. Eleven @entity0 , 8 @entity0 with @entity12 and 3 @entity0 with asymptomatic @entity10 , underwent repeated renal biopsy. In five samples, typical morphological characteristics of focal and segmental @entity9 were seen. CONCLUSION: We propose that @entity1 can be divided into two subgroups with similar renal biopsy findings, but differences in sex distribution and initial presentation.

title: XXXX : clinical picture and long-term prognosis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare 6-month clinical outcomes of @entity0 with in-stent @entity2 (ISR) involving the ostium treated with intracoronary radiation therapy (IRT) compared to placebo therapy, and also to nonostial lesions treated with IRT. Coronary interventions in @entity1 have a high rate of recurrence of @entity2 . The impact of IRT on ostial ISR has been inadequately characterized. We assessed @entity0 enrolled in gamma (192- @entity5 ) and beta (90-yttrium, 32- @entity4 ) radiation trials for ISR at the Washington Hospital Center. Of @entity0 receiving IRT, 105 (8%) @entity0 had ostial ISR and 1,289 (92%) @entity0 had nonostial ISR. Twenty-seven @entity0 had ostial ISR and received placebo therapy. Baseline demographic and angiographic and procedural details were similar, except ostial IRT @entity0 had a trend toward shorter lesions (15.4 +/- 10.8 vs. 24.1 +/- 12.2 mm; P < 0.001) and had a higher rate of saphenous vein graft disease (46% vs. 19%; P < 0.001) compared to nonostial IRT @entity0 . At 6 months, @entity1 treated with IRT for ISR had a reduced rate of @entity1 revascularization (TLR) compared to @entity1 treated with placebo (15% vs. 43%; P = 0.004). Outcomes at 6 months were similar for the ostial and nonostial IRT groups including TLR (15% vs. 14%; P = 0.80) and composite major adverse @entity3 (18% vs. 15%; P = 0.46). Intracoronary radiation therapy is effective for @entity1 and should be comfortably used for this challenging anatomic location.

title: Impact of intracoronary radiation on in-stent XXXX involving @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare 6-month clinical outcomes of @entity0 with in-stent @entity2 (ISR) involving the ostium treated with intracoronary radiation therapy (IRT) compared to placebo therapy, and also to nonostial lesions treated with IRT. Coronary interventions in @entity1 have a high rate of recurrence of @entity2 . The impact of IRT on ostial ISR has been inadequately characterized. We assessed @entity0 enrolled in gamma (192- @entity5 ) and beta (90-yttrium, 32- @entity4 ) radiation trials for ISR at the Washington Hospital Center. Of @entity0 receiving IRT, 105 (8%) @entity0 had ostial ISR and 1,289 (92%) @entity0 had nonostial ISR. Twenty-seven @entity0 had ostial ISR and received placebo therapy. Baseline demographic and angiographic and procedural details were similar, except ostial IRT @entity0 had a trend toward shorter lesions (15.4 +/- 10.8 vs. 24.1 +/- 12.2 mm; P < 0.001) and had a higher rate of saphenous vein graft disease (46% vs. 19%; P < 0.001) compared to nonostial IRT @entity0 . At 6 months, @entity1 treated with IRT for ISR had a reduced rate of @entity1 revascularization (TLR) compared to @entity1 treated with placebo (15% vs. 43%; P = 0.004). Outcomes at 6 months were similar for the ostial and nonostial IRT groups including TLR (15% vs. 14%; P = 0.80) and composite major adverse @entity3 (18% vs. 15%; P = 0.46). Intracoronary radiation therapy is effective for @entity1 and should be comfortably used for this challenging anatomic location.

title: Impact of intracoronary radiation on in-stent @entity2 involving XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity2 and immunoreactive @entity4 (IRI) responses to a 100 g oral @entity2 tolerance test (oGTT) administered to 23 acromegalic @entity0 before and after transsphenoidal adenomectomy and to a sex and age-matched control group were studied. The preoperative growth hormone levels, ranging from 11 to 360 mU/l, had normalized (i.e. less than or equal to 5 mU/l) after surgery in all cases. Before surgery paradoxical increases in the GH level, either after i.v. @entity3 injection or during the oGTT were seen in 14 @entity0 . After surgery, the paradoxical reaction to the oGTT had normalized in all cases and the increase measured after the @entity3 injection normalized in nine out of 12 cases. The disturbed @entity2 tolerance (either @entity1 ) was cured by surgery. The plasma @entity2 levels determined 1 and 2 years after surgery did not differ from those found for the control group. Preoperative plasma IRI levels were significantly elevated, whereas after surgery the IRI levels had decreased. Fasting levels were normalized in all @entity0 . Two years after surgery, eight @entity0 still showed some abnormalities of the @entity4 secretion (as revealed by the integrated sum and the maximum increment in IRI levels during the oGTT) despite the presence of normal circulating GH levels and a normalized paradoxical reaction to @entity3 . The data show that after normalization of GH levels in acromegalics, increased @entity4 secretion may still occur after @entity2 ingestion in some @entity0 . It is suggested that this abnormality could be the result of an increased pancreatic islet beta-cell mass, as a persisting abnormality of the acromegalic state, although peripheral @entity4 resistance cannot be excluded totally.

title: XXXX tolerance and plasma immunoreactive @entity4 levels in acromegalics before and after selective transsphenoidal surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity2 and immunoreactive @entity4 (IRI) responses to a 100 g oral @entity2 tolerance test (oGTT) administered to 23 acromegalic @entity0 before and after transsphenoidal adenomectomy and to a sex and age-matched control group were studied. The preoperative growth hormone levels, ranging from 11 to 360 mU/l, had normalized (i.e. less than or equal to 5 mU/l) after surgery in all cases. Before surgery paradoxical increases in the GH level, either after i.v. @entity3 injection or during the oGTT were seen in 14 @entity0 . After surgery, the paradoxical reaction to the oGTT had normalized in all cases and the increase measured after the @entity3 injection normalized in nine out of 12 cases. The disturbed @entity2 tolerance (either @entity1 ) was cured by surgery. The plasma @entity2 levels determined 1 and 2 years after surgery did not differ from those found for the control group. Preoperative plasma IRI levels were significantly elevated, whereas after surgery the IRI levels had decreased. Fasting levels were normalized in all @entity0 . Two years after surgery, eight @entity0 still showed some abnormalities of the @entity4 secretion (as revealed by the integrated sum and the maximum increment in IRI levels during the oGTT) despite the presence of normal circulating GH levels and a normalized paradoxical reaction to @entity3 . The data show that after normalization of GH levels in acromegalics, increased @entity4 secretion may still occur after @entity2 ingestion in some @entity0 . It is suggested that this abnormality could be the result of an increased pancreatic islet beta-cell mass, as a persisting abnormality of the acromegalic state, although peripheral @entity4 resistance cannot be excluded totally.

title: @entity2 tolerance and plasma immunoreactive XXXX levels in acromegalics before and after selective transsphenoidal surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 provides a protective effect on @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in animal models. However, the reports on the efficacy of @entity2 for the prevention of @entity1 in @entity0 remain unclear. AIMS: The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the effect of @entity2 for the prevention of @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comprehensive literature searches were performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database from inception through February 2015. Studies that reported relative risks, odd ratios, or hazard ratios comparing the risk of @entity1 in @entity0 who received @entity2 versus those who did not were included. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. RESULTS: Four studies (2 randomized controlled trials and 2 cohort studies) with 543 @entity0 were included in our analysis to assess the risk of @entity1 and the use of @entity2 . @entity0 in the @entity2 group had an overall lower incidence of @entity1 (14.4%) compared to the control group (18.4%). The pooled RR of @entity1 in @entity0 receiving @entity2 was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.38-1.15, I (2) = 0). When meta-analysis was limited only to randomized control trials (RCTs), the pooled RR of @entity1 in @entity0 receiving @entity2 was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.35-1.79, I (2) = 0%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite no statistical significance, there was a trend toward reduced @entity1 risk in @entity0 receiving @entity2 . The findings of our meta-analysis suggest the need of a large RCT with very careful attention to the balance of benefits and harms.

title: Periprocedural XXXX for the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread use of thymectomy in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity0 , it has remained controversial as to whether this procedure is of a similar efficacy and clinical outcome among @entity8 @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity11 . AIM: We sought to determine the long-term clinical outcomes of @entity8 @entity0 who received extended transsternal thymectomy associated with @entity10 and @entity2 postoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study from January 1999 to December 2013, @entity8 @entity0 who underwent thymectomy were followed up. Out of 41 @entity8 @entity0 admitted in our center, 25 @entity0 had undergone thymectomy adjunctive to @entity10 and @entity2 therapy postoperatively. The primary endpoints included improvement in individual @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity6 , and @entity1 . In addition, according to the @entity8 Foundation of America (MGFA) criteria, response to therapy was defined as complete stable remission (CSR), pharmacologic remission (PR), and minimal manifestation (MM) as secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Majority of the @entity0 were male (60%) and the mean age of the @entity0 was 32.2    13.9 years. Fifteen (60%) and 10 @entity0 (40%) had @entity3 and @entity11 , respectively. All the @entity0 were followed up during a mean period of of 86.9    50.3 months (minimum 10 months and maximum 168 months). The rates of CSR, PR, and MM were comparable between the @entity3 and @entity11 groups (P = 0.584). Based on the Kaplan Meier analysis, the probabilities of CSR, PR, and MM were not significantly different between @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity11 . CONCLUSION: The extended transsternal thymectomy, along with the postoperative regimen of @entity10 and @entity2 was associated with a high rate of clinical improvement among @entity8 @entity0 with @entity3 or @entity11 .

title: Clinical Outcomes of @entity8 with @entity3 and XXXX Undergoing Extended Transsternal Thymectomy: A Single-Center Experience.

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread use of thymectomy in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity0 , it has remained controversial as to whether this procedure is of a similar efficacy and clinical outcome among @entity8 @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity11 . AIM: We sought to determine the long-term clinical outcomes of @entity8 @entity0 who received extended transsternal thymectomy associated with @entity10 and @entity2 postoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study from January 1999 to December 2013, @entity8 @entity0 who underwent thymectomy were followed up. Out of 41 @entity8 @entity0 admitted in our center, 25 @entity0 had undergone thymectomy adjunctive to @entity10 and @entity2 therapy postoperatively. The primary endpoints included improvement in individual @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity6 , and @entity1 . In addition, according to the @entity8 Foundation of America (MGFA) criteria, response to therapy was defined as complete stable remission (CSR), pharmacologic remission (PR), and minimal manifestation (MM) as secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Majority of the @entity0 were male (60%) and the mean age of the @entity0 was 32.2    13.9 years. Fifteen (60%) and 10 @entity0 (40%) had @entity3 and @entity11 , respectively. All the @entity0 were followed up during a mean period of of 86.9    50.3 months (minimum 10 months and maximum 168 months). The rates of CSR, PR, and MM were comparable between the @entity3 and @entity11 groups (P = 0.584). Based on the Kaplan Meier analysis, the probabilities of CSR, PR, and MM were not significantly different between @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity11 . CONCLUSION: The extended transsternal thymectomy, along with the postoperative regimen of @entity10 and @entity2 was associated with a high rate of clinical improvement among @entity8 @entity0 with @entity3 or @entity11 .

title: Clinical Outcomes of XXXX with @entity3 and @entity11 Undergoing Extended Transsternal Thymectomy: A Single-Center Experience.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread use of thymectomy in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity0 , it has remained controversial as to whether this procedure is of a similar efficacy and clinical outcome among @entity8 @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity11 . AIM: We sought to determine the long-term clinical outcomes of @entity8 @entity0 who received extended transsternal thymectomy associated with @entity10 and @entity2 postoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study from January 1999 to December 2013, @entity8 @entity0 who underwent thymectomy were followed up. Out of 41 @entity8 @entity0 admitted in our center, 25 @entity0 had undergone thymectomy adjunctive to @entity10 and @entity2 therapy postoperatively. The primary endpoints included improvement in individual @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity6 , and @entity1 . In addition, according to the @entity8 Foundation of America (MGFA) criteria, response to therapy was defined as complete stable remission (CSR), pharmacologic remission (PR), and minimal manifestation (MM) as secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Majority of the @entity0 were male (60%) and the mean age of the @entity0 was 32.2    13.9 years. Fifteen (60%) and 10 @entity0 (40%) had @entity3 and @entity11 , respectively. All the @entity0 were followed up during a mean period of of 86.9    50.3 months (minimum 10 months and maximum 168 months). The rates of CSR, PR, and MM were comparable between the @entity3 and @entity11 groups (P = 0.584). Based on the Kaplan Meier analysis, the probabilities of CSR, PR, and MM were not significantly different between @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity11 . CONCLUSION: The extended transsternal thymectomy, along with the postoperative regimen of @entity10 and @entity2 was associated with a high rate of clinical improvement among @entity8 @entity0 with @entity3 or @entity11 .

title: Clinical Outcomes of @entity8 with XXXX and @entity11 Undergoing Extended Transsternal Thymectomy: A Single-Center Experience.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Mortality due to @entity2 ( @entity2 ), particularly @entity3 ( @entity3 ), is high in type 1 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). We aimed to determine whether normoglycaemia, as achieved by successful simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplantation, could improve long-term outcomes compared with living donor kidney-alone (LDK) transplantation. METHODS: We studied 486 type 1 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 who underwent a first SPK (n   =   256) or LDK (n   =   230) transplant between 1983 and 2012 and were followed to the end of 2014. Data were retrieved from the Norwegian Renal Registry and hospital records. Kaplan-Meier plots and multivariate Cox regression, with correction for recipient, donor and transplant factors, were used to examine potential associations between transplant type and all-cause and @entity2 - and @entity3 -related mortality. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 7.9  years (interquartile range 4.3, 12.9). The adjusted HR for @entity2 -related deaths in SPK recipients compared with LDK recipients was 0.63 (95% CI 0.40, 0.99; p   =   0.047), while the HRs for all-cause and @entity3 -related mortality were 0.81 (95% CI 0.57, 1.16; p   =   0.25) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.36, 1.12; p   =   0.12), respectively. Compared with the LDK group, SPK recipients were younger and received grafts from younger donors. @entity2 was higher in @entity0 transplanted between 1983 and 1999 compared with those who received their grafts in subsequent years. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 and @entity4 , SPK transplantation was associated with reduced long-term cardiovascular mortality compared with LDK transplantation.

title: Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 XXXX @entity0 after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation compared with living donor kidney transplantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Mortality due to @entity2 ( @entity2 ), particularly @entity3 ( @entity3 ), is high in type 1 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). We aimed to determine whether normoglycaemia, as achieved by successful simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplantation, could improve long-term outcomes compared with living donor kidney-alone (LDK) transplantation. METHODS: We studied 486 type 1 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 who underwent a first SPK (n   =   256) or LDK (n   =   230) transplant between 1983 and 2012 and were followed to the end of 2014. Data were retrieved from the Norwegian Renal Registry and hospital records. Kaplan-Meier plots and multivariate Cox regression, with correction for recipient, donor and transplant factors, were used to examine potential associations between transplant type and all-cause and @entity2 - and @entity3 -related mortality. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 7.9  years (interquartile range 4.3, 12.9). The adjusted HR for @entity2 -related deaths in SPK recipients compared with LDK recipients was 0.63 (95% CI 0.40, 0.99; p   =   0.047), while the HRs for all-cause and @entity3 -related mortality were 0.81 (95% CI 0.57, 1.16; p   =   0.25) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.36, 1.12; p   =   0.12), respectively. Compared with the LDK group, SPK recipients were younger and received grafts from younger donors. @entity2 was higher in @entity0 transplanted between 1983 and 1999 compared with those who received their grafts in subsequent years. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 and @entity4 , SPK transplantation was associated with reduced long-term cardiovascular mortality compared with LDK transplantation.

title: Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 @entity1 XXXX after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation compared with living donor kidney transplantation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) utilization by @entity0 with @entity1 is poorly understood. Among @entity0 with @entity1 , we explored reasons for @entity4 visits and factors associated with admission within U.S. @entity0 's hospitals. METHODS: A retrospective study of the 2011-2013 Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) was conducted. Eligible @entity4 visits included those within 365 days from the first inpatient encounter with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code for @entity1 . @entity0 characteristics and reasons for @entity4 visits were assessed. Factors associated with admission from the @entity4 were examined with multivariable regression. RESULTS: There were 26,770 @entity4 visits by 17,943 @entity0 with @entity1 at 39 @entity0 's hospitals during the study period. Half of @entity0 with @entity1 visited the @entity4 within 1 year after their first @entity1 hospitalization in PHIS. Fifty-six percent of @entity4 visits resulted in admission. @entity3 or @entity5 accounted for the largest proportion of reasons for visits (34.6%). Risk factors for admission were as follows: "Other" race/ethnicity as compared to white, non-Hispanic (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-1.6), history of transplant (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.1), and @entity4 visits reasons including @entity5 (OR = 43.4, 95% CI 36.0-52.3), blood stream infection (OR = 3.3, 95% CI 2.8-3.9), @entity7 (OR = 28.8, 95% CI 18.1-45.9), @entity6 (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.9-2.9), or @entity2 (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 2.8-5.1). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity1 have high @entity4 usage within 1 year after their first @entity1 hospitalization. Age, demographic factors, and reasons for @entity4 visits significantly impacted admission from the @entity4 . Further research should focus on @entity4 utilization among @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Characteristics of @entity0 With XXXX Discharged or Admitted From the Emergency Department.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) utilization by @entity0 with @entity1 is poorly understood. Among @entity0 with @entity1 , we explored reasons for @entity4 visits and factors associated with admission within U.S. @entity0 's hospitals. METHODS: A retrospective study of the 2011-2013 Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) was conducted. Eligible @entity4 visits included those within 365 days from the first inpatient encounter with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code for @entity1 . @entity0 characteristics and reasons for @entity4 visits were assessed. Factors associated with admission from the @entity4 were examined with multivariable regression. RESULTS: There were 26,770 @entity4 visits by 17,943 @entity0 with @entity1 at 39 @entity0 's hospitals during the study period. Half of @entity0 with @entity1 visited the @entity4 within 1 year after their first @entity1 hospitalization in PHIS. Fifty-six percent of @entity4 visits resulted in admission. @entity3 or @entity5 accounted for the largest proportion of reasons for visits (34.6%). Risk factors for admission were as follows: "Other" race/ethnicity as compared to white, non-Hispanic (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-1.6), history of transplant (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.1), and @entity4 visits reasons including @entity5 (OR = 43.4, 95% CI 36.0-52.3), blood stream infection (OR = 3.3, 95% CI 2.8-3.9), @entity7 (OR = 28.8, 95% CI 18.1-45.9), @entity6 (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.9-2.9), or @entity2 (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 2.8-5.1). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity1 have high @entity4 usage within 1 year after their first @entity1 hospitalization. Age, demographic factors, and reasons for @entity4 visits significantly impacted admission from the @entity4 . Further research should focus on @entity4 utilization among @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Characteristics of XXXX With @entity1 Discharged or Admitted From the Emergency Department.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous @entity1 as a method to facilitate feeding tube placement into the small intestine in critically ill @entity0 . DESIGN Double blind, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING Medical and surgical intensive care units in an academic medical center. @entity0 Prospective cohort of 36 consecutive adults requiring intensive care unit care and enteral tube feeding for nutritional support. INTERVENTION Infusion of a single dose of intravenous @entity1 (500 mg) or saline before placement of 10-Fr feeding tubes using a standardized active bedside protocol. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We determined the success rate of feeding tube placement into or beyond the second portion of the duodenum and the time required for this procedure by experienced nurses. The feeding tube was considered to be postpyloric when the tip was in the second portion of the duodenum or beyond. The predictive value of a serial step-up in gastrointestinal aspirate pH from < or = 5.0 to > or = 6.0 was also determined. Use of intravenous @entity1 significantly improved the rate of feeding tube placement into the duodenum or jejunum ( @entity1 group, 13 of 14 @entity0 or 93% vs. the control group, 12 of 22 @entity0 or 55%; p < .03). @entity1 administration also significantly decreased the procedure time from 25 +/- 3 to 15 +/- 2 mins (p < .04). Feeding tube placement into either duodenum or jejunum was confirmed in all 18 @entity0 with a pH step-up from < or = 5.0 to > or = 6.0. CONCLUSION: A single bolus dose of intravenous @entity1 facilitates active bedside placement of postpyloric feeding tubes in critically ill adult @entity0 .

title: Intravenous XXXX facilitates bedside placement of postpyloric feeding tubes in critically ill adults: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a baseline (random) @entity3 concentration <25 microg/dL in @entity0 with @entity2 was a better discriminator of @entity4 than the standard (250 microg) and the low-dose (1 microg) corticotropin stimulation tests as assessed by the hemodynamic response to @entity1 replacement. SETTING: Intensive care unit. @entity0 : Fifty-nine @entity0 with @entity2 . Their mean age was 57 +/- 16.7 yrs; 29 were male. INTERVENTIONS: A baseline @entity3 concentration was obtained. @entity0 then received an intravenous injection of 1 microg of corticotropin (low-dose test) followed 60 mins later by an injection of 249 microg of corticotropin (high-dose test). @entity3 concentrations were obtained 30 and 60 mins after low- and high-dose corticotropin. All @entity0 were administered @entity3 (100 mg every 8 hrs) for the first 24 hrs while awaiting results of @entity3 assessment. @entity0 were considered @entity1 responsive if the pressor agent could be discontinued within 24 hrs of the first dose of @entity3 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Forty-seven percent of @entity0 died. Twenty-two percent of @entity0 met the diagnostic criteria of @entity4 by the low-dose test and 8% by the high-dose test. However, 61% of @entity0 met the criteria of @entity4 when we used a baseline @entity3 concentration of <25 microg/dL. Twenty-two @entity0 (37%) were @entity1 responsive; the baseline serum @entity3 was 14.1 +/- 5.2 microg/dL in the @entity1 -responsive @entity0 compared with 33.3 +/- 18 microg/dL in the @entity1 -nonresponsive @entity0 (p <.0001). Ninety-five percent of @entity1 -responsive @entity0 had a baseline @entity3 concentration <25 microg/dL. Fifty-four percent of @entity1 responders had a diagnostic low-dose test and 22% a diagnostic high-dose test. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a stress @entity3 concentration of 23.7 microg/dL was the most accurate diagnostic threshold for determination of the hemodynamic response to glucocorticoid therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 is common in @entity0 with @entity2 , the incidence depending largely on the diagnostic test and criteria used to make the diagnosis. There is clearly no absolute serum @entity3 concentration that distinguishes an adequate from an insufficient adrenal response. However, we believe that a random @entity3 concentration of <25 microg/dL in a highly stressed @entity0 is a useful diagnostic threshold for the diagnosis of @entity4 .

title: XXXX during @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a baseline (random) @entity3 concentration <25 microg/dL in @entity0 with @entity2 was a better discriminator of @entity4 than the standard (250 microg) and the low-dose (1 microg) corticotropin stimulation tests as assessed by the hemodynamic response to @entity1 replacement. SETTING: Intensive care unit. @entity0 : Fifty-nine @entity0 with @entity2 . Their mean age was 57 +/- 16.7 yrs; 29 were male. INTERVENTIONS: A baseline @entity3 concentration was obtained. @entity0 then received an intravenous injection of 1 microg of corticotropin (low-dose test) followed 60 mins later by an injection of 249 microg of corticotropin (high-dose test). @entity3 concentrations were obtained 30 and 60 mins after low- and high-dose corticotropin. All @entity0 were administered @entity3 (100 mg every 8 hrs) for the first 24 hrs while awaiting results of @entity3 assessment. @entity0 were considered @entity1 responsive if the pressor agent could be discontinued within 24 hrs of the first dose of @entity3 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Forty-seven percent of @entity0 died. Twenty-two percent of @entity0 met the diagnostic criteria of @entity4 by the low-dose test and 8% by the high-dose test. However, 61% of @entity0 met the criteria of @entity4 when we used a baseline @entity3 concentration of <25 microg/dL. Twenty-two @entity0 (37%) were @entity1 responsive; the baseline serum @entity3 was 14.1 +/- 5.2 microg/dL in the @entity1 -responsive @entity0 compared with 33.3 +/- 18 microg/dL in the @entity1 -nonresponsive @entity0 (p <.0001). Ninety-five percent of @entity1 -responsive @entity0 had a baseline @entity3 concentration <25 microg/dL. Fifty-four percent of @entity1 responders had a diagnostic low-dose test and 22% a diagnostic high-dose test. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a stress @entity3 concentration of 23.7 microg/dL was the most accurate diagnostic threshold for determination of the hemodynamic response to glucocorticoid therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 is common in @entity0 with @entity2 , the incidence depending largely on the diagnostic test and criteria used to make the diagnosis. There is clearly no absolute serum @entity3 concentration that distinguishes an adequate from an insufficient adrenal response. However, we believe that a random @entity3 concentration of <25 microg/dL in a highly stressed @entity0 is a useful diagnostic threshold for the diagnosis of @entity4 .

title: @entity4 during XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 and hypoperfusion during @entity2 may contribute to tissue @entity3 and the intramyocardial inflammatory response that results in @entity1 . Therefore, we hypothesized that crystalloid or colloid resuscitation may alter @entity1 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, prospective animal study. SETTING: University animal laboratory. SUBJECTS: @entity0 (250-300 g, n = 6/group). INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 received an intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide or control. One hour later, @entity0 were randomized to intravenous resuscitation and received either 30 mL/kg normal saline, 10 mL/kg 10% pentastarch, 10 mL/kg 5% @entity0 albumin, or no volume. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We measured fractional @entity7 of cardiomyocytes isolated 5 hrs after lipopolysaccharide or control injection. In separate identical experiments, we measured myocardial @entity5 , macrophage inhibitory protein-2, and @entity6 synthase II protein and messenger RNA expression. Control fractional @entity7 of 24.1 +/- 2.2% was decreased by lipopolysaccharide to 18.8 +/- 1.2% (p <.001). Volume resuscitation after lipopolysaccharide significantly improved fractional @entity7 (p <.001). In particular, albumin resuscitation increased fractional @entity7 to 23.5 +/- 0.9%, which was more than either saline (fractional @entity7 20.1 +/- 1.7%,p <.01) or pentastarch (fractional @entity7 21.4 +/- 0.9%,p <.01). Myocardial macrophage inhibitory protein-2 protein and @entity5 and macrophage inhibitory protein-2 messenger RNA expression and neutrophil content were elevated following lipopolysaccharide (p <.05) but were not altered by volume resuscitation. Myocardial @entity6 synthase II protein and messenger RNA expression increased following lipopolysaccharide (p <.01) and decreased with albumin resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that following lipopolysaccharide injection, volume resuscitation improves cardiomyocyte fractional @entity7 . Albumin resuscitation is particularly beneficial in preventing reduced cardiomyocyte contractility, and this benefit may be related to an albumin-induced reduction in @entity6 synthase II protein and messenger RNA expression following endotoxin injection.

title: Albumin resuscitation increases cardiomyocyte contractility and decreases XXXX synthase II expression in @entity0 endotoxemia.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 and hypoperfusion during @entity2 may contribute to tissue @entity3 and the intramyocardial inflammatory response that results in @entity1 . Therefore, we hypothesized that crystalloid or colloid resuscitation may alter @entity1 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, prospective animal study. SETTING: University animal laboratory. SUBJECTS: @entity0 (250-300 g, n = 6/group). INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 received an intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide or control. One hour later, @entity0 were randomized to intravenous resuscitation and received either 30 mL/kg normal saline, 10 mL/kg 10% pentastarch, 10 mL/kg 5% @entity0 albumin, or no volume. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We measured fractional @entity7 of cardiomyocytes isolated 5 hrs after lipopolysaccharide or control injection. In separate identical experiments, we measured myocardial @entity5 , macrophage inhibitory protein-2, and @entity6 synthase II protein and messenger RNA expression. Control fractional @entity7 of 24.1 +/- 2.2% was decreased by lipopolysaccharide to 18.8 +/- 1.2% (p <.001). Volume resuscitation after lipopolysaccharide significantly improved fractional @entity7 (p <.001). In particular, albumin resuscitation increased fractional @entity7 to 23.5 +/- 0.9%, which was more than either saline (fractional @entity7 20.1 +/- 1.7%,p <.01) or pentastarch (fractional @entity7 21.4 +/- 0.9%,p <.01). Myocardial macrophage inhibitory protein-2 protein and @entity5 and macrophage inhibitory protein-2 messenger RNA expression and neutrophil content were elevated following lipopolysaccharide (p <.05) but were not altered by volume resuscitation. Myocardial @entity6 synthase II protein and messenger RNA expression increased following lipopolysaccharide (p <.01) and decreased with albumin resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that following lipopolysaccharide injection, volume resuscitation improves cardiomyocyte fractional @entity7 . Albumin resuscitation is particularly beneficial in preventing reduced cardiomyocyte contractility, and this benefit may be related to an albumin-induced reduction in @entity6 synthase II protein and messenger RNA expression following endotoxin injection.

title: Albumin resuscitation increases cardiomyocyte contractility and decreases @entity6 synthase II expression in XXXX endotoxemia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the efficacy of motivational-interviewing (MI)-based postoperative care navigation in improving functional status post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to identify subgroups likely to benefit from the intervention. METHODS: We conducted a parallel randomized controlled trial in TKA recipients with two arms: postoperative care with frequent follow-up by a care navigator or usual care. The primary outcome was the difference between the arms in WOMAC function score change, over six months post-surgery. We performed a pre-planned subgroup analysis of differential efficacy by @entity1 and exploratory subgroup analyses on sex and @entity2 catastrophizing. RESULTS: We enrolled 308 subjects undergoing TKA for @entity3 . Mean preoperative function score was 41 (SD 17) (0-100 scale, 100 worst). At six months, subjects in the navigation arm improved by 30 (SD 16) points on average compared to 27 (SD 18) points in the usual care arm (p=0.148). @entity0 with moderate to high levels of @entity2 catastrophizing were unlikely to benefit from navigation compared to those with lower levels of @entity2 catastrophizing (p-value for interaction 0.013). CONCLUSION: Subjects assigned to the navigation intervention did not demonstrate greater functional improvement compared to those in the control group. The negative overall result could be explained by the large effect on functional improvement of TKA itself compared to the smaller, additional benefit from care navigation, as well as potential differential effects for subjects with moderate to high degrees of @entity2 catastrophizing. Greater focus on developing programs for @entity2 catastrophizing could lead to better functional outcomes following TKA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Postoperative care navigation for total knee arthroplasty XXXX : A randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute rejection remains a major problem in renal transplantation. Immunoprophylaxis with basiliximab (Simulect) has achieved significant reductions in acute rejection episodes in renal allograft recipients receiving dual immunosuppression. This study explored the tolerability and cumulative benefit of combining basiliximab with triple-drug therapy- @entity2 (USP Modified, Neoral), @entity4 , and @entity3 . METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study, 123 kidney transplant recipients received either basiliximab at 20 mg before transplantation (day 0) and 20 mg on day 4 (n=59), or placebo (n=64). All received triple-drug immunosuppression and were followed for 6 months. RESULTS: Tolerability of basiliximab was equivalent to placebo, with no increase in serious adverse events, @entity1 , or @entity6 . At 6 months, there were trends in favor of basiliximab over placebo in the incidences of first biopsy-confirmed acute rejection (15.3% vs. 26.6%, P=NS) and of acute rejection treated with antibody (5.1% vs. 15.6%, P=NS). Kaplan-Meier estimates at 4 weeks and 6 months were significantly in favor of basiliximab treatment for first acute rejection, biopsy-confirmed rejection, rejection episodes treated with antibody therapy, and treatment failure. Renal function improved more rapidly in the basiliximab group, with mean @entity5 clearance at week 2 being 54.7 mL/min versus 43.2 mL/min for placebo (P=0.034). At 12 months, @entity0 survival was 100% in both groups; graft survival was 94.9% with basiliximab and 92.2% with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Basiliximab immunoprophylaxis is safe, well tolerated, and shows a trend toward reduction in number of acute rejection episodes in renal transplant @entity0 receiving @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity3 .

title: Randomized double-blind study of immunoprophylaxis with basiliximab, a chimeric anti-interleukin-2 receptor monoclonal antibody, in combination with XXXX -containing triple therapy in renal transplantation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infections following solid-organ transplants are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Few studies have reported the complications of @entity1 . METHODS: This investigation consisted of a retrospective chart review of all solid-organ transplant recipients from 1990 to 2000. Criteria for diagnosis included @entity3 , positive cultures from liver aspirates or blood cultures, or both, and a compatible clinical presentation. RESULTS: Of 2,175 recipients of all organ transplants (heart, lung, kidney, liver, pancreas), we identified 12 @entity0 who had experienced 14 episodes of @entity1 , all in liver transplant recipients. Median time from transplant to @entity1 was 386 days (range 25-4,198). The most common predisposing factor was @entity4 ( @entity4 ), which occurred in eight @entity0 , and was diagnosed at an average of 249 days (range 33-3,215) after transplantation. Clinical presentation of @entity1 was similar to that described in non-immunosuppressed @entity0 . All but one @entity0 showed @entity6 (<3.5 g/dL); those with @entity4 also had significantly elevated @entity5 dehydrogenase. Liver aspirates grew gram-positive aerobic bacteria (50% of isolates), gram-negative aerobic bacteria (30%), and anaerobes and @entity2 (10% each). @entity0 received an average of 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotic therapy. Catheter drainage was successful in 70% of cases; and five @entity0 required retransplantation. Altogether, five of the @entity0 died, yielding a mortality rate of 42%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 , a rare complication after liver transplantation, was frequently associated with @entity4 . Mortality was higher than in @entity0 who had not undergone transplantation. Prolonged antibiotic therapy, drainage, and even retransplantation may be required to improve the outcome in these @entity0 .

title: XXXX after liver transplantation: 1990-2000.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: There is controversy over the use of measuring blood levels of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) in the management of @entity0 with overt @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from a randomized, double-blind study of 178 @entity0 with @entity1 given @entity5 (an @entity4 -lowering agent) or placebo for 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and on study days 7 and 14 and @entity4 levels were measured. The probabilities of having an @entity2 episode, based on ammonia values, were modeled using binary logistic regression. A Cox proportional model was used to determine the risk of @entity2 episodes in @entity0 with baseline fasting @entity4 levels  <=1.5-fold the upper limit of normal (ULN) versus @entity0 with fasting @entity4 levels >1.5-fold the ULN. RESULTS: The risk and frequency of @entity2 episodes and @entity2 -related hospitalizations correlated with baseline (mean, 51    6  mol/L; ULN, 35  mol/L) and on-study fasting levels of @entity4 , and increased sharply at levels >1.5-fold the ULN. Regardless of baseline level, @entity4 exposure and the relative risk of @entity2 episodes were decreased by @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In analysis of data from a phase 2 study of the effects of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity1 , we found that fasting levels of @entity4 in blood can identify @entity0 at risk for @entity2 -related morbidity. @entity0 with @entity2 might benefit from @entity4 -lowering therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT  00999167.

title: Fasting Blood Ammonia Predicts Risk and Frequency of XXXX Episodes in @entity0 With @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: There is controversy over the use of measuring blood levels of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) in the management of @entity0 with overt @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from a randomized, double-blind study of 178 @entity0 with @entity1 given @entity5 (an @entity4 -lowering agent) or placebo for 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and on study days 7 and 14 and @entity4 levels were measured. The probabilities of having an @entity2 episode, based on ammonia values, were modeled using binary logistic regression. A Cox proportional model was used to determine the risk of @entity2 episodes in @entity0 with baseline fasting @entity4 levels  <=1.5-fold the upper limit of normal (ULN) versus @entity0 with fasting @entity4 levels >1.5-fold the ULN. RESULTS: The risk and frequency of @entity2 episodes and @entity2 -related hospitalizations correlated with baseline (mean, 51    6  mol/L; ULN, 35  mol/L) and on-study fasting levels of @entity4 , and increased sharply at levels >1.5-fold the ULN. Regardless of baseline level, @entity4 exposure and the relative risk of @entity2 episodes were decreased by @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In analysis of data from a phase 2 study of the effects of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity1 , we found that fasting levels of @entity4 in blood can identify @entity0 at risk for @entity2 -related morbidity. @entity0 with @entity2 might benefit from @entity4 -lowering therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT  00999167.

title: Fasting Blood Ammonia Predicts Risk and Frequency of @entity2 Episodes in @entity0 With XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: There is controversy over the use of measuring blood levels of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) in the management of @entity0 with overt @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from a randomized, double-blind study of 178 @entity0 with @entity1 given @entity5 (an @entity4 -lowering agent) or placebo for 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and on study days 7 and 14 and @entity4 levels were measured. The probabilities of having an @entity2 episode, based on ammonia values, were modeled using binary logistic regression. A Cox proportional model was used to determine the risk of @entity2 episodes in @entity0 with baseline fasting @entity4 levels  <=1.5-fold the upper limit of normal (ULN) versus @entity0 with fasting @entity4 levels >1.5-fold the ULN. RESULTS: The risk and frequency of @entity2 episodes and @entity2 -related hospitalizations correlated with baseline (mean, 51    6  mol/L; ULN, 35  mol/L) and on-study fasting levels of @entity4 , and increased sharply at levels >1.5-fold the ULN. Regardless of baseline level, @entity4 exposure and the relative risk of @entity2 episodes were decreased by @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In analysis of data from a phase 2 study of the effects of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity1 , we found that fasting levels of @entity4 in blood can identify @entity0 at risk for @entity2 -related morbidity. @entity0 with @entity2 might benefit from @entity4 -lowering therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT  00999167.

title: Fasting Blood Ammonia Predicts Risk and Frequency of @entity2 Episodes in XXXX With @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In response to isolated inflammatory stimuli, changes in endothelial cell morphology that enhance paracellular flow of solutes result from F-actin stress fiber formation, myosin phosphorylation, and actin anchoring protein (ZO-1) modifications. We hypothesized that myosin light chain kinase inhibition would diminish burn-enhanced endothelial monolayer permeability by secondarily preventing F-actin and actin anchoring protein rearrangements. METHODS: @entity0 pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were treated for 4 hours with 20% human burn serum (isolated from @entity0 with > 45% total body surface area @entity1 or healthy volunteers). Select cultures were pretreated with myosin light chain kinase inhibitors ( @entity3 ). Permeability was assessed by migration of bovine serum albumin across cell monolayers. Cells were stained with @entity2 and anti-ZO-1 antisera and examined by means of confocal microscopy. RESULTS: Burn serum significantly enhanced monolayer permeability to albumin, whereas pretreatment with @entity3 limited this effect. Control cells maintained cortical F-actin and peripheral ZO-1 distributions (1a, b), whereas burn serum induced transcellular F-actin stress fiber formation and a diffuse ZO-1 staining (2a, b). @entity3 prevented burn-induced actin rearrangements, but not the diffuse redistribution of ZO-1. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that endothelial F-actin stress fiber formation and ZO-1 redistribution contribute to postburn loss of pulmonary endothelial monolayer integrity. Although myosin phosphorylation appears to be required for endothelial F-actin stress fiber formation, redistribution of actin-membrane anchoring proteins appears to be regulated independently after @entity1 .

title: ZO-1 redistribution and F-actin stress fiber formation in pulmonary endothelial cells after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN AND OBJECTIVES: Pelvic morphology and @entity2 were measured on standing radiographs of 75 @entity0 with greater than 10% L5-S1 spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. The findings were compared with those of 75 volunteers to determine significant differences between the two groups. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Etiology of isthmic (lytic) spondylolisthesis remains uncertain. Causation appears to be multifactorial. The relationship between pelvic morphology and spondylolisthesis deserves additional study. METHODS: Both groups had a standing lateral radiograph of the thoracolumbar spine and pelvis taken that included both hips. Three radiographic angles for pelvic morphology (pelvisacral, pelvic incidence, and @entity1 ) were measured by two observers. Each offered similar reliability. Measurement of the @entity1 angle by the pelvic radius technique required fewer steps. It also allowed calculation of the combined angles comprising both the pelvic morphology component for @entity2 (the constant @entity1 angle) and the @entity2 in the lumbar spine (the variable @entity2 from T12-S1) that should complement the fixed @entity1 (the @entity2 ). Mean values and statistical correlations were then computed for each group and compared. RESULTS: The mean slippage for @entity0 was 30% (range, 11-85%), with 34 @entity0 (45%) having Grade I slips, 32 (43%) having Grade II slips, and nine (12%) having Grade III and IV slips. The mean measurements between @entity0 and volunteers were significantly different (P < 0.01) for @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity2 . Subgroups of @entity0 with increasingly larger slips (Grade I-III) had significantly smaller mean angles for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The pelvic and lumbopelvic parameters studied were different in @entity0 compared with controls. The contribution of the pelvis to @entity2 was significantly smaller in the subgroups of @entity0 with increasingly larger grades of spondylolisthesis. Pelvic morphology may play a role in the development of spondylolisthesis. Measurement of the combined lumbar and pelvic (lumbopelvic) @entity2 on standing radiographs is important.

title: XXXX and alignment in spondylolisthesis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Outcome study to determine response distribution, internal consistency, reproducibility, and concurrent validity of the Scoliosis Research Society-22 ( @entity2 -22) health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) questionnaire. OBJECTIVES: Further refinement of an HRQL questionnaire specific for @entity1 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous experience with the original and modified @entity2 HRQL questionnaires suggested a need for further refinement and more complete validation. METHODS: The @entity2 -22 and Short Form 36 (SF-36) HRQL questionnaires were mailed to 83 previously surveyed postoperative @entity1 @entity0 . RESULTS: Fifty-eight (70%) @entity0 returned the first set of questionnaires. Their average age at surgery was 14.6 years, and their average follow-up interval since surgery was 10.8 years. Fifty-one (88%) of the 58 returned the second set of questionnaires an average of 28 days later. The psychometric attributes of the instruments were comparable: score distribution, @entity2 -22 56.9% ceiling and 1.7% floor, SF-36 79.3% ceiling and 1.7% floor; internal consistency (Cronbach alpha), @entity2 -22 0.92 to 0.75, SF-36 0.91 to 0.36; and reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient), @entity2 -22 0.96 to 0.85, SF-36 0.92 to 0.61. Concurrent validity, determined by Pearson Correlation Coefficients between @entity2 -22 and SF-36 domains, was 0.70 or greater ( < 0.0001) for 17 relevant comparisons. CONCLUSION: The @entity2 -22 HRQL questionnaire is reliable with internal consistency and reproducibility comparable to SF-36. In addition, it demonstrated concurrent validity when compared to SF-36. It is shorter and more focused on the health issues related to @entity1 than SF-36.

title: The reliability and concurrent validity of the scoliosis research society-22 @entity0 questionnaire for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Outcome study to determine response distribution, internal consistency, reproducibility, and concurrent validity of the Scoliosis Research Society-22 ( @entity2 -22) health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) questionnaire. OBJECTIVES: Further refinement of an HRQL questionnaire specific for @entity1 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous experience with the original and modified @entity2 HRQL questionnaires suggested a need for further refinement and more complete validation. METHODS: The @entity2 -22 and Short Form 36 (SF-36) HRQL questionnaires were mailed to 83 previously surveyed postoperative @entity1 @entity0 . RESULTS: Fifty-eight (70%) @entity0 returned the first set of questionnaires. Their average age at surgery was 14.6 years, and their average follow-up interval since surgery was 10.8 years. Fifty-one (88%) of the 58 returned the second set of questionnaires an average of 28 days later. The psychometric attributes of the instruments were comparable: score distribution, @entity2 -22 56.9% ceiling and 1.7% floor, SF-36 79.3% ceiling and 1.7% floor; internal consistency (Cronbach alpha), @entity2 -22 0.92 to 0.75, SF-36 0.91 to 0.36; and reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient), @entity2 -22 0.96 to 0.85, SF-36 0.92 to 0.61. Concurrent validity, determined by Pearson Correlation Coefficients between @entity2 -22 and SF-36 domains, was 0.70 or greater ( < 0.0001) for 17 relevant comparisons. CONCLUSION: The @entity2 -22 HRQL questionnaire is reliable with internal consistency and reproducibility comparable to SF-36. In addition, it demonstrated concurrent validity when compared to SF-36. It is shorter and more focused on the health issues related to @entity1 than SF-36.

title: The reliability and concurrent validity of the scoliosis research society-22 XXXX questionnaire for @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new antimicrobial treatment for central venous catheters in comparison with a traditional treatment, by assessing the catheter colonization and catheter-related @entity1 rates in two groups of @entity0 . DESIGN: Multiple-center, prospective randomized study. SETTING: The medical and surgical departments of ten institutions. @entity0 : @entity0 requiring a central venous catheter for medical or surgical pathologies between June 2000 and November 2001. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 in the control group received a conventional @entity6 -treated double-lumen central venous catheter, while @entity0 in the oligon group received an oligon-treated ( @entity5 combined with @entity3 , @entity2 , and @entity4 ) catheter with the same characteristics. Data collection included demographics, preexisting clinical conditions, main pathology, catheter insertion, and management data. Catheter colonization was defined as the growth of > or = 15 colony-forming units in culture of catheter segments by the roll-plate method, or > or = 1000 colony-forming units for the sonication method, and catheter-related @entity1 was defined as isolation of the same organism from the colonized catheter and from the peripheral blood of a @entity0 with clinical signs of @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data were obtained from 545 catheters. Of these, 132 catheters (24.2%) were positive for colonization. @entity0 in the oligon group demonstrated a lower risk for catheter colonization in the overall population (relative risk, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.86; p = .003) and in the surgical subgroup (relative risk, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.76;p = .001). Significant differences between groups were detected for coagulase-negative staphylococci and Gram-negative bacilli colonization rates. Twenty-one @entity0 (3.8%) were positive for catheter-related @entity1 , without significant differences between control and oligon groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oligon treatment is effective in limiting the catheter colonization rate. Due to the limited amount of events, this study lacked the power to detect significant differences in terms of catheter-related @entity1 rate.

title: Impact of oligon central venous catheters on catheter colonization and catheter-related XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Data on the efficacy of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy for @entity0 risk reduction in @entity1 with @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity4 ) mutations are limited, despite the clinical use of this risk-management strategy. Thus, we estimated the degree of @entity0 risk reduction after surgery in @entity1 who carry these mutations. @entity1 AND METHODS: Four hundred eighty-three @entity1 with disease-associated germline @entity4 mutations were studied for the occurrence of @entity0 . Cases were mutation carriers who underwent bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and who were followed prospectively from the time of their center ascertainment and their surgery, with analyses performed for both follow-up periods. Controls were @entity4 mutation carriers with no history of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy matched to cases on gene, center, and year of birth. Both cases and controls were excluded for previous or concurrent diagnosis of @entity0 . Analyses were adjusted for duration of endogenous ovarian hormone exposure, including age at bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy if applicable. RESULTS: @entity0 was diagnosed in two (1.9%) of 105 @entity1 who had bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and in 184 (48.7%) of 378 matched controls who did not have the procedure, with a mean follow-up of 6.4 years. Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduced the risk of @entity0 by approximately 95% in @entity1 with prior or concurrent bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy and by approximately 90% in @entity1 with intact ovaries. CONCLUSION: Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces the risk of @entity0 in @entity1 with @entity4 mutations by approximately 90%.

title: Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces @entity0 risk in XXXX and @entity2 mutation carriers: the PROSE Study Group.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Data on the efficacy of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy for @entity0 risk reduction in @entity1 with @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity4 ) mutations are limited, despite the clinical use of this risk-management strategy. Thus, we estimated the degree of @entity0 risk reduction after surgery in @entity1 who carry these mutations. @entity1 AND METHODS: Four hundred eighty-three @entity1 with disease-associated germline @entity4 mutations were studied for the occurrence of @entity0 . Cases were mutation carriers who underwent bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and who were followed prospectively from the time of their center ascertainment and their surgery, with analyses performed for both follow-up periods. Controls were @entity4 mutation carriers with no history of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy matched to cases on gene, center, and year of birth. Both cases and controls were excluded for previous or concurrent diagnosis of @entity0 . Analyses were adjusted for duration of endogenous ovarian hormone exposure, including age at bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy if applicable. RESULTS: @entity0 was diagnosed in two (1.9%) of 105 @entity1 who had bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and in 184 (48.7%) of 378 matched controls who did not have the procedure, with a mean follow-up of 6.4 years. Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduced the risk of @entity0 by approximately 95% in @entity1 with prior or concurrent bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy and by approximately 90% in @entity1 with intact ovaries. CONCLUSION: Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces the risk of @entity0 in @entity1 with @entity4 mutations by approximately 90%.

title: Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces XXXX risk in @entity3 and @entity2 mutation carriers: the PROSE Study Group.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Data on the efficacy of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy for @entity0 risk reduction in @entity1 with @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity4 ) mutations are limited, despite the clinical use of this risk-management strategy. Thus, we estimated the degree of @entity0 risk reduction after surgery in @entity1 who carry these mutations. @entity1 AND METHODS: Four hundred eighty-three @entity1 with disease-associated germline @entity4 mutations were studied for the occurrence of @entity0 . Cases were mutation carriers who underwent bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and who were followed prospectively from the time of their center ascertainment and their surgery, with analyses performed for both follow-up periods. Controls were @entity4 mutation carriers with no history of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy matched to cases on gene, center, and year of birth. Both cases and controls were excluded for previous or concurrent diagnosis of @entity0 . Analyses were adjusted for duration of endogenous ovarian hormone exposure, including age at bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy if applicable. RESULTS: @entity0 was diagnosed in two (1.9%) of 105 @entity1 who had bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and in 184 (48.7%) of 378 matched controls who did not have the procedure, with a mean follow-up of 6.4 years. Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduced the risk of @entity0 by approximately 95% in @entity1 with prior or concurrent bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy and by approximately 90% in @entity1 with intact ovaries. CONCLUSION: Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces the risk of @entity0 in @entity1 with @entity4 mutations by approximately 90%.

title: Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces @entity0 risk in @entity3 and XXXX mutation carriers: the PROSE Study Group.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is one of the causes of @entity4 . A recent study has indicated that @entity2 oxidase, a reactive @entity1 species (ROS)-producing enzyme, is activated in @entity6 . @entity6 is thought to be closely associated with oxidative stress. We have hypothesized that oxidative stress in @entity6 may induce @entity4 . The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of @entity7 ( @entity8 ), which is a marker of oxidative stress, on @entity0 placenta during @entity4 . We initially examined the @entity8 -modified proteins in @entity0 placentas by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry using anti- @entity8 antibody. To examine the effect of @entity8 on @entity0 placenta, we stimulated @entity0 placental tissue with @entity8 . The expressions of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) mRNA and protein were observed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis respectively. Furthermore, we measured the peroxidase activity of @entity5 by COX activity assay kit. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the supernatants of placental tissue was also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the levels of @entity8 -modified proteins were increased in the placentas with @entity6 , compared to the normal placenta. @entity8 induced the expression of @entity5 mRNA, protein and activity in the placental tissue culture stimulated with @entity8 . In addition, @entity3 was also released into the medium in a time-dependent fashion. These findings suggest that @entity8 -modified proteins, which were increased in the placenta with @entity6 , play an important role in @entity4 .

title: Effects of XXXX , a marker of oxidative stress, on the @entity5 of @entity0 placenta in @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is one of the causes of @entity4 . A recent study has indicated that @entity2 oxidase, a reactive @entity1 species (ROS)-producing enzyme, is activated in @entity6 . @entity6 is thought to be closely associated with oxidative stress. We have hypothesized that oxidative stress in @entity6 may induce @entity4 . The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of @entity7 ( @entity8 ), which is a marker of oxidative stress, on @entity0 placenta during @entity4 . We initially examined the @entity8 -modified proteins in @entity0 placentas by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry using anti- @entity8 antibody. To examine the effect of @entity8 on @entity0 placenta, we stimulated @entity0 placental tissue with @entity8 . The expressions of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) mRNA and protein were observed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis respectively. Furthermore, we measured the peroxidase activity of @entity5 by COX activity assay kit. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the supernatants of placental tissue was also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the levels of @entity8 -modified proteins were increased in the placentas with @entity6 , compared to the normal placenta. @entity8 induced the expression of @entity5 mRNA, protein and activity in the placental tissue culture stimulated with @entity8 . In addition, @entity3 was also released into the medium in a time-dependent fashion. These findings suggest that @entity8 -modified proteins, which were increased in the placenta with @entity6 , play an important role in @entity4 .

title: Effects of @entity7 , a marker of oxidative stress, on the @entity5 of @entity0 placenta in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is one of the causes of @entity4 . A recent study has indicated that @entity2 oxidase, a reactive @entity1 species (ROS)-producing enzyme, is activated in @entity6 . @entity6 is thought to be closely associated with oxidative stress. We have hypothesized that oxidative stress in @entity6 may induce @entity4 . The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of @entity7 ( @entity8 ), which is a marker of oxidative stress, on @entity0 placenta during @entity4 . We initially examined the @entity8 -modified proteins in @entity0 placentas by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry using anti- @entity8 antibody. To examine the effect of @entity8 on @entity0 placenta, we stimulated @entity0 placental tissue with @entity8 . The expressions of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) mRNA and protein were observed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis respectively. Furthermore, we measured the peroxidase activity of @entity5 by COX activity assay kit. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the supernatants of placental tissue was also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the levels of @entity8 -modified proteins were increased in the placentas with @entity6 , compared to the normal placenta. @entity8 induced the expression of @entity5 mRNA, protein and activity in the placental tissue culture stimulated with @entity8 . In addition, @entity3 was also released into the medium in a time-dependent fashion. These findings suggest that @entity8 -modified proteins, which were increased in the placenta with @entity6 , play an important role in @entity4 .

title: Effects of @entity7 , a marker of oxidative stress, on the XXXX of @entity0 placenta in @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is one of the causes of @entity4 . A recent study has indicated that @entity2 oxidase, a reactive @entity1 species (ROS)-producing enzyme, is activated in @entity6 . @entity6 is thought to be closely associated with oxidative stress. We have hypothesized that oxidative stress in @entity6 may induce @entity4 . The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of @entity7 ( @entity8 ), which is a marker of oxidative stress, on @entity0 placenta during @entity4 . We initially examined the @entity8 -modified proteins in @entity0 placentas by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry using anti- @entity8 antibody. To examine the effect of @entity8 on @entity0 placenta, we stimulated @entity0 placental tissue with @entity8 . The expressions of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) mRNA and protein were observed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis respectively. Furthermore, we measured the peroxidase activity of @entity5 by COX activity assay kit. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the supernatants of placental tissue was also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the levels of @entity8 -modified proteins were increased in the placentas with @entity6 , compared to the normal placenta. @entity8 induced the expression of @entity5 mRNA, protein and activity in the placental tissue culture stimulated with @entity8 . In addition, @entity3 was also released into the medium in a time-dependent fashion. These findings suggest that @entity8 -modified proteins, which were increased in the placenta with @entity6 , play an important role in @entity4 .

title: Effects of @entity7 , a marker of oxidative stress, on the @entity5 of XXXX placenta in @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Venetoclax ( @entity7 ), a specific inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic protein @entity1 , is currently in phase I clinical trials for @entity3 . The results suggest that venetoclax is only active in a small cohort of @entity0 therefore we wanted to determine its efficacy when used in combination. Combining venetoclax with melphalan or @entity6 produced additive or better cell death in four of the five cell lines tested. The most striking results were seen with @entity2 ( @entity5 ). Co-treatment of @entity0 @entity3 cell lines and primary @entity0 samples, with @entity5 and venetoclax, significantly increased cell death over venetoclax alone in four of the five cell lines, and in all @entity0 samples tested. The mechanism by which this occurs is an increase in the expression of both @entity1 and Bim upon addition of @entity5 . This results in alterations in Bim binding to anti-apoptotic proteins. @entity5 shifts Bim binding towards @entity1 resulting in increased sensitivity to venetoclax. These data suggest that knowledge of drug-induced alterations of Bim-binding patterns may help inform better combination drug regimens. Furthermore, the data indicate combining this novel therapeutic with @entity5 could be an effective therapy for a broader range of @entity0 than would be predicted by single-agent activity. @entity4 advance online publication, 15 January 2016; doi:10.1038/leu.2015.350.

title: XXXX treatment promotes @entity1 dependence in @entity3 resulting in sensitivity to venetoclax.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Venetoclax ( @entity7 ), a specific inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic protein @entity1 , is currently in phase I clinical trials for @entity3 . The results suggest that venetoclax is only active in a small cohort of @entity0 therefore we wanted to determine its efficacy when used in combination. Combining venetoclax with melphalan or @entity6 produced additive or better cell death in four of the five cell lines tested. The most striking results were seen with @entity2 ( @entity5 ). Co-treatment of @entity0 @entity3 cell lines and primary @entity0 samples, with @entity5 and venetoclax, significantly increased cell death over venetoclax alone in four of the five cell lines, and in all @entity0 samples tested. The mechanism by which this occurs is an increase in the expression of both @entity1 and Bim upon addition of @entity5 . This results in alterations in Bim binding to anti-apoptotic proteins. @entity5 shifts Bim binding towards @entity1 resulting in increased sensitivity to venetoclax. These data suggest that knowledge of drug-induced alterations of Bim-binding patterns may help inform better combination drug regimens. Furthermore, the data indicate combining this novel therapeutic with @entity5 could be an effective therapy for a broader range of @entity0 than would be predicted by single-agent activity. @entity4 advance online publication, 15 January 2016; doi:10.1038/leu.2015.350.

title: @entity2 treatment promotes @entity1 dependence in XXXX resulting in sensitivity to venetoclax.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Venetoclax ( @entity7 ), a specific inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic protein @entity1 , is currently in phase I clinical trials for @entity3 . The results suggest that venetoclax is only active in a small cohort of @entity0 therefore we wanted to determine its efficacy when used in combination. Combining venetoclax with melphalan or @entity6 produced additive or better cell death in four of the five cell lines tested. The most striking results were seen with @entity2 ( @entity5 ). Co-treatment of @entity0 @entity3 cell lines and primary @entity0 samples, with @entity5 and venetoclax, significantly increased cell death over venetoclax alone in four of the five cell lines, and in all @entity0 samples tested. The mechanism by which this occurs is an increase in the expression of both @entity1 and Bim upon addition of @entity5 . This results in alterations in Bim binding to anti-apoptotic proteins. @entity5 shifts Bim binding towards @entity1 resulting in increased sensitivity to venetoclax. These data suggest that knowledge of drug-induced alterations of Bim-binding patterns may help inform better combination drug regimens. Furthermore, the data indicate combining this novel therapeutic with @entity5 could be an effective therapy for a broader range of @entity0 than would be predicted by single-agent activity. @entity4 advance online publication, 15 January 2016; doi:10.1038/leu.2015.350.

title: @entity2 treatment promotes XXXX dependence in @entity3 resulting in sensitivity to venetoclax.

answer: @entity1