abstract: Although functional cerebral asymmetries (FCAs) affect all cognitive domains, their modulation of the efficacy of specific executive functions is largely unexplored. In the present study, we used a lateralized version of the task switching paradigm to investigate the relevance of hemispheric asymmetries for cognitive control processes. Words were tachistoscopically presented in the left (LVF) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity0 had to categorise the words either based on their initial letters, or according to their word type. On half of the trials the task changed (switch trials) whereas on the other half it stayed the same (repeat trials). ERPs were recorded and the neural sources of the ERPs were reconstructed using standardised low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA). In the word type task, @entity0 were faster on repeat trials when stimuli were presented in the @entity2 . In contrast, in the initial letter task @entity0 were faster on repeat trials and in general more accurate after stimulus presentation in the LVF. In both tasks, no hemispheric asymmetries in reaction times were observed on switch trials. On the electrophysiological level, we observed a left lateralization of the N1 that was mediated by activation in the left extrastriate cortex as well as a greater positivity of the P3b after stimulus presentation in the @entity2 compared to the LVF that was mediated by activation in the superior parietal cortex. These results show that FCAs affect the neurophysiological correlates of executive functions related to task switching. The relation of neurophysiological and behavioural asymmetries is mediated by task complexity, with more complex tasks leading to more interhemispheric interaction and smaller left-right differences in behavioural measures. These findings reveal that FCAs are an important modulator of executive functions related to @entity1 .

title: Hemispheric asymmetries and XXXX : an ERP and sLORETA study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a pathologically heterogeneous disease, including injury to both neuronal cell bodies and axonal processes. Global @entity2 is common after @entity4 . This study was designed to determine the relationship between neuroimaging markers of acute @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity5 months later. We performed high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 Tesla (T) in 20 @entity0 who suffered non-penetrating @entity4 , during the acute (within 1 month after the injury) and chronic stage (at least 6 months after the injury). Volume of abnormal fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) signal seen in white matter in both acute and follow-up scans was quantified. White and gray matter volumes were also quantified. Functional outcome was measured using the Functional Status Examination (FSE) at the time of the chronic scan. Change in brain volumes, including whole brain volume (WBV), white matter volume (WMV), and gray matter volume (GMV), correlates significantly with acute @entity1 volume (r = -0.69, -0.59, -0.58, respectively; p <0.01 for all). Volume of acute FLAIR hyperintensities correlates with volume of decreased FLAIR signal in the follow-up scans (r = -0.86, p < 0.001). FSE performance correlates with acute hyperintensity volume and chronic @entity5 (r = 0.53, p = 0.02; r = -0.45, p = 0.03, respectively). Acute @entity3 measured by FLAIR imaging are strongly predictive of post-traumatic @entity5 . Our findings suggest that axonal pathology measured as @entity2 following @entity4 can be identified using MRI, and may be a useful measure for @entity1 -directed therapies.

title: XXXX after traumatic white matter injury: correlation with acute neuroimaging and outcome.

answer: @entity5


abstract: CASE DESCRIPTION: A 2-year-old Thoroughbred filly was evaluated because of @entity1 from the vulva and suspected @entity3 of 5 days' duration. CLINICAL FINDINGS: A primary @entity4 was ruled out on the basis of results of hematologic testing. Vaginoscopy and cystoscopy revealed a large bleeding mass in the bladder that extended into the vagina, causing marked obliteration of normal urogenital structures and difficulty in urination. Histologic examination of endoscopic and surgical biopsy specimens revealed a poorly differentiated @entity0 likely of mesenchymal origin. Chronic @entity7 caused by @entity8 was also diagnosed. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: The @entity0 continued to grow despite treatment with @entity2 and, within 45 days, was causing substantial discomfort and stranguria. Given the grave prognosis, the @entity5 was euthanized. At necropsy, the @entity0 was found to have caused widespread destruction of the urinary bladder and to have invaded the broad ligament of the uterus. The mass was identified as a poorly differentiated @entity6 on the basis of results of histologic examination and immunohistochemical staining for alpha-actin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggested that @entity6 should be considered in the differential diagnosis when examining @entity5 with @entity1 .

title: Poorly differentiated XXXX of the urogenital tract in a @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: CASE DESCRIPTION: A 2-year-old Thoroughbred filly was evaluated because of @entity1 from the vulva and suspected @entity3 of 5 days' duration. CLINICAL FINDINGS: A primary @entity4 was ruled out on the basis of results of hematologic testing. Vaginoscopy and cystoscopy revealed a large bleeding mass in the bladder that extended into the vagina, causing marked obliteration of normal urogenital structures and difficulty in urination. Histologic examination of endoscopic and surgical biopsy specimens revealed a poorly differentiated @entity0 likely of mesenchymal origin. Chronic @entity7 caused by @entity8 was also diagnosed. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: The @entity0 continued to grow despite treatment with @entity2 and, within 45 days, was causing substantial discomfort and stranguria. Given the grave prognosis, the @entity5 was euthanized. At necropsy, the @entity0 was found to have caused widespread destruction of the urinary bladder and to have invaded the broad ligament of the uterus. The mass was identified as a poorly differentiated @entity6 on the basis of results of histologic examination and immunohistochemical staining for alpha-actin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggested that @entity6 should be considered in the differential diagnosis when examining @entity5 with @entity1 .

title: Poorly differentiated @entity6 of the urogenital tract in a XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: In this review, the pitfalls that still exist with the surgical treatment of endometriosisassociatedpelvic @entity3 have been discussed and the best evidence regarding various aspects of surgical techniques have been reviewed. When laparoscopy is performed to evaluate a @entity0 with @entity7 , it is important she be counseled that the primary function of the surgery is to confirm the presence (and allow surgical treatment) of @entity2 , and that it is not the penultimate diagnostic modality for her @entity7 . There are many etiologies of @entity7 that present with symptoms resembling those of @entity7 that are not diagnosable with laparoscopy, such as @entity6 and @entity5 . It is unfortunate that many @entity0 are left with the belief that if a laparoscopy fails to provide a diagnosis of a @entity3 generator, then it means there are no diagnoses other than that the    @entity3 is in her head,    often disparagingly termed    supratentorial    byclinicians. In fact, the @entity3 -related diagnoses that are amenable to and possibly require a laparoscopy are quite limited, a group of diagnoses that this author terms the    dirty dozen    because there are just 12, and only the first 4 have good evidence to clearly associate them with chronic @entity7 :1. Endometriosis 2. @entity1 3. Pelvic inflammatory disease 4. @entity10 5. Adhesions 6. @entity9 7. Postoperative peritoneal cysts 8. @entity8 (nonendometriotic)9. Chronic ectopic pregnancy 10. @entity11 11. Residual accessory ovary 12. @entity4 : ventral, inguinal, femoral, spigelian.I would argue that diagnostic laparoscopy in modern gynecology has a limited, if any role, and that when laparoscopy is planned for @entity0 with chronic @entity7 , it should be with a very high suspicion of a diagnosis and with plans to treat the disease operatively. In this era, a negative diagnostic laparoscopy should be a rare event.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter-related @entity1 (CRBSI) causes substantial morbidity and mortality, but few randomized, controlled studies have been conducted to guide therapeutic interventions. METHODS: To determine whether @entity4 would be noninferior to @entity3 in @entity0 with CRBSI, we conducted an open-label, multicenter, comparative study. @entity0 with suspected CRBSI were randomized to receive @entity4 or @entity3 (control group). The primary end point was microbiologic outcome at test of cure 1-2 weeks after treatment, as assessed by step-down procedure. The first analysis population was complicated skin and skin structure infection (cSSSI) in @entity0 with suspected CRBSI; @entity0 with CRBSI were analyzed if noninferiority criteria (lower bound of the 95% confidence interval [CI] not outside -15%) were met. RESULTS: Noninferiority criteria were met for cSSSI (microbiologic success rate for @entity4 recipients, 89.6% [146 for 163 @entity0 ]; for the control group, 89.9% [134 of 149]; 95% CI, -7.1 to 6.4) and CRBSI (for @entity4 recipients, 86.3% [82 of 95]; for the control group, 90.5% [67 of 74]; 95% CI, -13.8 to 5.4). The frequency and severity of adverse events were similar between groups. Mortality rates were 10.4% for @entity4 recipients (28 of 269 @entity0 ) and 10.1% for control subjects (26 of 257) in the modified intent-to-treat population (i.e., all @entity0 with gram-positive baseline culture) through test of cure, and they were 21.5% for @entity4 recipients (78 of 363) and 16.0% for the control group (58 of 363; 95% CI, -0.2 to 11.2) for all treated @entity0 through poststudy treatment day 84. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 demonstrated microbiologic success rates noninferior to those for @entity3 in @entity0 with cSSSIs and CRBSIs caused by gram-positive organisms. @entity0 with @entity2 must be carefully investigated for the heterogeneous underlying causes of high morbidity and mortality, particularly for infections with gram-negative organisms.

title: Complicated skin and skin-structure infections and catheter-related bloodstream infections: noninferiority of XXXX in a phase 3 study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The most important feature of right @entity9 in the heart is the presence of both atria with morphologically right atrial appendages. The main aim of this study was to do a description of clinical and echocardiographic findings in adult @entity0 with right @entity9 . A total of eleven consecutive @entity0 were identified with a diagnosis of @entity3 . A complete clinical history and transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiography were performed in all @entity0 . Also a cardiac catheterization was realized in seven @entity0 . The functional class according the New York Heart Association was I in one @entity0 , II in 5 and III in 5. The laboratory studies showed severe polyglobulia. In 3 cases @entity10 were present. The electrocardiogram showed migratory pacemaker in the 54.5% of cases. The cardiac position was @entity11 in six @entity0 (54.5%) and @entity12 in five (45.5%). Six @entity0 (54.5%) had complete @entity6 , 4 (36.4%) double inlet and one absence of a right atrioventricular connection (9.1%). The most frequent ventriculoarterial connection was double-inlet in 8 (72.76%) @entity0 . In 4 cases @entity5 was found. Six @entity0 had severe @entity7 and one @entity8 . The @entity5 was into the left-sided atrium in 3 cases (27.2%), into the right-sided atrium in 4 (36.4%), into the midline of the atrium through a collector in 3 cases (27.4%) and by vertical vein in one (9.0%). Insufficiency of the @entity4 was found in 7 cases (63.6%). Three @entity0 (27.3%) went to surgery for implantation of a @entity2 . It is a series of adult @entity0 with @entity3 that survived to adult live. The clinical and echocardiographic assessment actually allows establishing the correct diagnosis, to take therapeutic decisions and to do the follow-up in all @entity0 . Till now we could not yet determine the differences of these @entity0 in relation to the general population when they develop @entity1 .

title: [Right XXXX in adults. Clinical and echocardiographic study].

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This report presents estimates on the availability of pediatric services, expertise, and supplies for treating @entity2 in U.S. hospitals. METHODS: The Emergency Pediatric Services and Equipment Supplement (EPSES) was a self-administered questionnaire added to the 2002-03 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). NHAMCS samples non-Federal, short-stay and general hospitals in the United States. The EPSES content was based on the 2001 guidelines for pediatric services, medical expertise, small-sized supplies, and equipment for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP). Combined response rate for both years was 86 percent. Estimates were weighted to produce average annual estimates of pediatric services, expertise, and equipment availability in @entity2 . RESULTS: One-half of hospitals (52.9 percent) admitted pediatric @entity0 , but did not have a specialized inpatient pediatric ward. One-third (38.3 percent) admitted pediatric @entity0 and had a separate pediatric ward; the remainder did not admit pediatric @entity0 . Among those that did not admit pediatric cases, 30.4 percent were in counties that had a @entity0 's hospital. One-quarter of @entity2 had access 24 hours and 7 days a week to a board-certified pediatric emergency medicine attending physician. Only 5.5 percent had all recommended pediatric supplies, but one-half had greater than 85 percent of recommended supplies. Most hospitals without pediatric @entity1 service (90.7 percent) or pediatric intensive care units (97.5 percent) transferred critical pediatric @entity0 to hospitals with these services. @entity2 in hospitals with specialized inpatient facilities for @entity0 were more likely to meet the AAP and ACEP guidelines for pediatric ED services, expertise, and supplies.

title: Availability of pediatric services and equipment in XXXX : United States, 2002-03.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 is a potent inhibitor of the @entity7 , @entity9 , and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) @entity5 kinases. On the basis of variable expression of @entity9 and @entity10 in @entity0 and of in vitro data supporting synergy between @entity8 and @entity4 , the Southwest Oncology Group conducted a phase II trial of the combination in metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had progressive, measurable metastatic @entity0 and received<or=2 previous chemotherapy regimens for @entity2 . Previous @entity6 or @entity4 for @entity2 was not allowed. @entity1 were accrued on a 2-stage design and received @entity8 400 mg by mouth daily and @entity4 at 1000 mg/m2 by mouth twice daily for 14 days of a 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was the confirmed response rate (RR). @entity3 were evaluated for @entity9 , @entity10 , and hormone receptor expression. RESULTS: Nineteen fully evaluable @entity1 were enrolled, with a confirmed RR of 11% (95% CI, 1%-33%). Eleven percent had unconfirmed partial responses, and 42% had stable disease. The trial did not accrue to the second stage. The estimated 6-month progression-free survival was 16% (95% CI, 0%-32%), and the median overall survival was 14 months (95% CI, 7-15 months). The combination was well tolerated. Of 8 available @entity3 samples, 2 stained for @entity9 , and all had stromal staining for @entity10 . CONCLUSION: In unselected @entity1 , the combination of @entity8 and @entity4 was well tolerated but did not result in improved RRs compared to those reported with @entity4 alone.

title: A phase II study of @entity8 and @entity4 in metastatic XXXX : Southwest Oncology Group Study 0338.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 is a potent inhibitor of the @entity7 , @entity9 , and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) @entity5 kinases. On the basis of variable expression of @entity9 and @entity10 in @entity0 and of in vitro data supporting synergy between @entity8 and @entity4 , the Southwest Oncology Group conducted a phase II trial of the combination in metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had progressive, measurable metastatic @entity0 and received<or=2 previous chemotherapy regimens for @entity2 . Previous @entity6 or @entity4 for @entity2 was not allowed. @entity1 were accrued on a 2-stage design and received @entity8 400 mg by mouth daily and @entity4 at 1000 mg/m2 by mouth twice daily for 14 days of a 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was the confirmed response rate (RR). @entity3 were evaluated for @entity9 , @entity10 , and hormone receptor expression. RESULTS: Nineteen fully evaluable @entity1 were enrolled, with a confirmed RR of 11% (95% CI, 1%-33%). Eleven percent had unconfirmed partial responses, and 42% had stable disease. The trial did not accrue to the second stage. The estimated 6-month progression-free survival was 16% (95% CI, 0%-32%), and the median overall survival was 14 months (95% CI, 7-15 months). The combination was well tolerated. Of 8 available @entity3 samples, 2 stained for @entity9 , and all had stromal staining for @entity10 . CONCLUSION: In unselected @entity1 , the combination of @entity8 and @entity4 was well tolerated but did not result in improved RRs compared to those reported with @entity4 alone.

title: A phase II study of @entity8 and XXXX in metastatic @entity0 : Southwest Oncology Group Study 0338.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 is a potent inhibitor of the @entity7 , @entity9 , and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) @entity5 kinases. On the basis of variable expression of @entity9 and @entity10 in @entity0 and of in vitro data supporting synergy between @entity8 and @entity4 , the Southwest Oncology Group conducted a phase II trial of the combination in metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had progressive, measurable metastatic @entity0 and received<or=2 previous chemotherapy regimens for @entity2 . Previous @entity6 or @entity4 for @entity2 was not allowed. @entity1 were accrued on a 2-stage design and received @entity8 400 mg by mouth daily and @entity4 at 1000 mg/m2 by mouth twice daily for 14 days of a 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was the confirmed response rate (RR). @entity3 were evaluated for @entity9 , @entity10 , and hormone receptor expression. RESULTS: Nineteen fully evaluable @entity1 were enrolled, with a confirmed RR of 11% (95% CI, 1%-33%). Eleven percent had unconfirmed partial responses, and 42% had stable disease. The trial did not accrue to the second stage. The estimated 6-month progression-free survival was 16% (95% CI, 0%-32%), and the median overall survival was 14 months (95% CI, 7-15 months). The combination was well tolerated. Of 8 available @entity3 samples, 2 stained for @entity9 , and all had stromal staining for @entity10 . CONCLUSION: In unselected @entity1 , the combination of @entity8 and @entity4 was well tolerated but did not result in improved RRs compared to those reported with @entity4 alone.

title: A phase II study of XXXX and @entity4 in metastatic @entity0 : Southwest Oncology Group Study 0338.

answer: @entity8


abstract: We would like to report a rare case of pontine @entity2 with unusual neuroimaging features. The @entity0 was a 3-year-old @entity0 who suffered from chronic @entity4 and gait disturbance for several months. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated @entity7 , and ventricular peritoneal (VP) shunt was performed for idiopathic @entity6 at another hospital. Fever of unknown origin continued for a month after the VP shunt. At our hospital, cerebrospinal fluid examination showed @entity8 , and it was assumed that shunt infection lead to shunt failure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed @entity6 and pontine swelling, and serial MRI suggested @entity1 extending to the bilateral thalamus. The @entity0 underwent stereotactic biopsy of the left @entity1 , under general anesthesia, and the histological diagnosis was @entity5 . Diffuse pontine @entity2 rarely increases without @entity3 . In the present case, pontine @entity2 extended to the bilateral thalamus symmetrically. It was difficult to diagnose the presented lesion as pontine @entity2 in the early period because of its unusual neuroimaging.

title: [A case of pontine XXXX with unusual neuroimaging features].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity1 have an increased risk of suicide and attempted suicide is suggested to be an important risk factor. AIM: Our objective was to assess the cumulative survival, predictive values and odds ratios of attempted suicide for suicide in a long-term cohort of @entity0 with @entity1 spectrum @entity3 with and without previous attempted suicide. METHOD: Inpatients (n=224) hospitalized with @entity1 spectrum @entity3 were followed for a mean of 25 years. All @entity0 were followed up for causes of @entity2 . Information on suicide attempt before the end of the observation period was retrieved from medical records. RESULTS: Eight percent died by suicide during the follow-up. Eighteen percent of suicide attempters died by suicide. Two percent of non-attempters died by suicide. There was a strong association between previous suicide attempt and suicide in @entity0 and @entity0 . Odds ratio for attempters vs. non-attempters was 10. Suicide risk was almost three times higher in male than female suicide attempters. CONCLUSION: Previous attempted suicide is an important risk factor for suicide in both @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity1 spectrum @entity3 , particularly in male suicide attempters. The suicide risk remains high over a long period. Continuous assessment of risk factors and appropriate treatment are crucial for this @entity0 group to prevent suicide.

title: Attempted suicide predicts suicide risk in XXXX spectrum @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity1 have an increased risk of suicide and attempted suicide is suggested to be an important risk factor. AIM: Our objective was to assess the cumulative survival, predictive values and odds ratios of attempted suicide for suicide in a long-term cohort of @entity0 with @entity1 spectrum @entity3 with and without previous attempted suicide. METHOD: Inpatients (n=224) hospitalized with @entity1 spectrum @entity3 were followed for a mean of 25 years. All @entity0 were followed up for causes of @entity2 . Information on suicide attempt before the end of the observation period was retrieved from medical records. RESULTS: Eight percent died by suicide during the follow-up. Eighteen percent of suicide attempters died by suicide. Two percent of non-attempters died by suicide. There was a strong association between previous suicide attempt and suicide in @entity0 and @entity0 . Odds ratio for attempters vs. non-attempters was 10. Suicide risk was almost three times higher in male than female suicide attempters. CONCLUSION: Previous attempted suicide is an important risk factor for suicide in both @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity1 spectrum @entity3 , particularly in male suicide attempters. The suicide risk remains high over a long period. Continuous assessment of risk factors and appropriate treatment are crucial for this @entity0 group to prevent suicide.

title: Attempted suicide predicts suicide risk in @entity1 spectrum XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is a chronic inflammatory condition, and elevated @entity4 ( @entity4 ) have widely recognized associations with inflammatory conditions. The authors explored the relationship between the @entity4 and degree of @entity1 , basic anthropometry, and clinical and biochemical markers of the @entity2 at baseline, and with @entity3 following @entity7 -Band surgery. METHODS: 477 @entity0 with complete biochemical and clinical data at baseline and at 2 years were selected for analysis. Paired analysis assessed the change in @entity4 at 2 years, and stepwise linear regression assessed factors independently associated with baseline counts and any change at 2 years. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD @entity3 at 2 years was 29.3 +/- 16.2 kg. There were significant decreases in total @entity4 (-12.2%), and major components, neutrophils (11.7%) and lymphocytes (6.9%), at 2 years (P<0.001 for all). Baseline @entity4 , neutrophils and lymphocyte counts increased with increasing BMI and decreased with age. @entity6 levels were independently positively associated with higher neutrophil counts and @entity5 with higher lymphocyte counts. Age, gender, BMI and components of the @entity2 when modeled together accounted for <10% of the variance of baseline counts. Higher BMI predicted a greater fall in the neutrophil counts at 2 years. Change in BMI at 2 years was the only independent predictor of the change in both neutrophils and lymphocytes, but accounted for <10% of the variance of change. CONCLUSION: BMI contributes to both baseline and @entity3 @entity4 . However, crude @entity4 counts are influenced in minor ways by @entity1 markers and have limited value as clinical markers.

title: @entity1 and the white blood cell count: changes with sustained XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is a chronic inflammatory condition, and elevated @entity4 ( @entity4 ) have widely recognized associations with inflammatory conditions. The authors explored the relationship between the @entity4 and degree of @entity1 , basic anthropometry, and clinical and biochemical markers of the @entity2 at baseline, and with @entity3 following @entity7 -Band surgery. METHODS: 477 @entity0 with complete biochemical and clinical data at baseline and at 2 years were selected for analysis. Paired analysis assessed the change in @entity4 at 2 years, and stepwise linear regression assessed factors independently associated with baseline counts and any change at 2 years. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD @entity3 at 2 years was 29.3 +/- 16.2 kg. There were significant decreases in total @entity4 (-12.2%), and major components, neutrophils (11.7%) and lymphocytes (6.9%), at 2 years (P<0.001 for all). Baseline @entity4 , neutrophils and lymphocyte counts increased with increasing BMI and decreased with age. @entity6 levels were independently positively associated with higher neutrophil counts and @entity5 with higher lymphocyte counts. Age, gender, BMI and components of the @entity2 when modeled together accounted for <10% of the variance of baseline counts. Higher BMI predicted a greater fall in the neutrophil counts at 2 years. Change in BMI at 2 years was the only independent predictor of the change in both neutrophils and lymphocytes, but accounted for <10% of the variance of change. CONCLUSION: BMI contributes to both baseline and @entity3 @entity4 . However, crude @entity4 counts are influenced in minor ways by @entity1 markers and have limited value as clinical markers.

title: XXXX and the white blood cell count: changes with sustained @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fecal calprotectin test is a simple, non-invasive, rapid and inexpensive diagnostic tool allowing differentiation @entity4 and inflammatory conditions and relapse prediction in non-specific @entity1 . In the last year, commercially available ELISA diagnostic kits, using either monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against a heterodimeric complex, calprotectin, for the detection of fecal calprotectin, started to be marketed. OBJECTIVE: To compare two ELISA kits for the detection of fecal calprotectin differing from each other in the used type of antibody (monoclonal versus polyclonal). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two ELISA kits were assessed: Calprotectin ELISA (B  hlmann, Basel, Switzerland) using a monoclonal antibody against calprotectin and PhiCal Calprotectin ELISA (R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany) using a polyclonal antibody against calprotectin. We analyzed fecal eluates from @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 , n=36) and @entity3 ( @entity3 , n=29) and from healthy controls (n=98). Data were analyzed using software Statistica CZ 8.0 (Statsoft, Tulsa, U.S.A.) and measurement variability parameters (linearity, repeatability, stability) and test sensitivity and specificity were established and the methods were compared. RESULTS: The two kits showed adequate accuracy (intra- and inter-assay variation < 10%). The dilution linearity test indicated superiority of the Calprotectin ELISA B  hlmann kit, in particular for high calprotectin levels. The results of the two methods showed good correlation: Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.83, limit difference according to Bland-Altman plot ranged from 17% to 30%. Diagnostic sensivity rates were 79% for the Calprotectin ELISA B  hlmann kit and 74% for the Calprotectin ELISA R-Biopharm kit, the test specificity rates were 87% and 84%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both of the tested kits have comparably good measurement parameters, the B  hlmann kit using monoclonal antibody against calprotectin showed higher sensitivity and specificity. In view of their availability, sensitivity and performance, the fecal calprotectin ELISA kits are helpful diagnostic tools for clinical practice.

title: [Calprotectin levels in @entity0 with XXXX comparison of two commercial tests].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fecal calprotectin test is a simple, non-invasive, rapid and inexpensive diagnostic tool allowing differentiation @entity4 and inflammatory conditions and relapse prediction in non-specific @entity1 . In the last year, commercially available ELISA diagnostic kits, using either monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against a heterodimeric complex, calprotectin, for the detection of fecal calprotectin, started to be marketed. OBJECTIVE: To compare two ELISA kits for the detection of fecal calprotectin differing from each other in the used type of antibody (monoclonal versus polyclonal). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two ELISA kits were assessed: Calprotectin ELISA (B  hlmann, Basel, Switzerland) using a monoclonal antibody against calprotectin and PhiCal Calprotectin ELISA (R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany) using a polyclonal antibody against calprotectin. We analyzed fecal eluates from @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 , n=36) and @entity3 ( @entity3 , n=29) and from healthy controls (n=98). Data were analyzed using software Statistica CZ 8.0 (Statsoft, Tulsa, U.S.A.) and measurement variability parameters (linearity, repeatability, stability) and test sensitivity and specificity were established and the methods were compared. RESULTS: The two kits showed adequate accuracy (intra- and inter-assay variation < 10%). The dilution linearity test indicated superiority of the Calprotectin ELISA B  hlmann kit, in particular for high calprotectin levels. The results of the two methods showed good correlation: Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.83, limit difference according to Bland-Altman plot ranged from 17% to 30%. Diagnostic sensivity rates were 79% for the Calprotectin ELISA B  hlmann kit and 74% for the Calprotectin ELISA R-Biopharm kit, the test specificity rates were 87% and 84%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both of the tested kits have comparably good measurement parameters, the B  hlmann kit using monoclonal antibody against calprotectin showed higher sensitivity and specificity. In view of their availability, sensitivity and performance, the fecal calprotectin ELISA kits are helpful diagnostic tools for clinical practice.

title: [Calprotectin levels in XXXX with @entity1 comparison of two commercial tests].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze the co-occurrence of @entity2 in CT angiograms of extra and intracranial arteries in @entity0 with cerebral circulation insufficiency. MATERIAL/METHODS: Extra-and intracranial CTA was performed in 70 @entity0 with symptoms of cerebral circulation insufficiency. Co-occurrence of @entity2 at both levels and correlation between the degree of @entity2 and sex, age, and clinical symptoms were evaluated. Intracranial CTA results were compared to those of the control group, which consisted of 34 subjects asymptomatic of cerebral circulation insufficiency. The usefulness of various data reconstruction techniques ( @entity7 and MPR vs. @entity7 only) for the evaluation of @entity4 was subjected to independent analysis by two radiologists. RESULTS: Concomitant occurrence of extra-and intracranial lesions was diagnosed in 56% of @entity0 examined. A statistically significant correlation was found between the degree of @entity3 at both levels under consideration (chi2=81.452; p<0.00001; contingency coefficient CC=0.733). A significant correlation was found between the development of clinical symptoms and the severity of extra and @entity4 . The consistency between % representation of CTA-detected @entity1 , as independently analyzed by two radiologists, was higher in combined @entity7 _MPR than in @entity7 only (correlation coefficient R=0.9924, p<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: There was a statistically significant correlation found between extra-and @entity6 in @entity0 with symptoms of cerebral circulation insufficiency indicating that cervical and @entity5 tend to occur concomitantly. Combination of @entity7 _ MPR seemed the optimum CTA post-processing technique when evaluating the intracranial arteries.

title: Cerebral circulation insufficiency - correlation of CTA-visualized XXXX in extra- and intracranial arteries.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Spontaneous and radiation-induced @entity3 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from unselected @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (n=50) was examined using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay and a modified G2 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) test. Cells from apparently healthy donors (n=16) and from @entity2 @entity1 (n=9) with an adverse early skin reaction to radiotherapy (RT) served as references. Nonirradiated cells from the three tested groups exhibited similar baseline levels of DNA fragmentation assessed by the Comet assay. Likewise, the Comet analysis of in vitro irradiated (5 Gy) cells did not reveal any significant differences among the three groups with respect to the initial and residual DNA fragmentation, as well as the DNA repair kinetics. The G2 @entity4 test showed that cells from @entity2 @entity1 with an adverse skin reaction to RT displayed increased frequencies of both spontaneous and radiation-induced @entity4 compared to healthy control or the group of unselected @entity0 @entity1 . Two @entity1 from the latter group developed an increased early skin reaction to RT, which was associated with an increased initial DNA fragmentation in vitro only in one of them. Cells from the other @entity0 @entity1 exhibited a striking slope in the dose-response curve detected by the G2 @entity4 test. We also found that previous RT strongly increased both spontaneous and in vitro radiation-induced @entity4 levels, and to a lesser extent, the radiation-induced DNA damage assessed by the Comet assay. These data suggest that clinical radiation may provoke @entity3 and/or induce persistent DNA damage in normal cells of @entity2 @entity1 , thus leading to increased levels of @entity4 induction and DNA fragmentation after irradiation in vitro. Therefore, care has to be taken when blood samples collected postradiotherapeutically are used to assess the radiosensitivity of @entity2 @entity1 .

title: Radiosensitivity in @entity0 assessed by the Comet and XXXX assays.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Spontaneous and radiation-induced @entity3 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from unselected @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 (n=50) was examined using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay and a modified G2 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) test. Cells from apparently healthy donors (n=16) and from @entity2 @entity1 (n=9) with an adverse early skin reaction to radiotherapy (RT) served as references. Nonirradiated cells from the three tested groups exhibited similar baseline levels of DNA fragmentation assessed by the Comet assay. Likewise, the Comet analysis of in vitro irradiated (5 Gy) cells did not reveal any significant differences among the three groups with respect to the initial and residual DNA fragmentation, as well as the DNA repair kinetics. The G2 @entity4 test showed that cells from @entity2 @entity1 with an adverse skin reaction to RT displayed increased frequencies of both spontaneous and radiation-induced @entity4 compared to healthy control or the group of unselected @entity0 @entity1 . Two @entity1 from the latter group developed an increased early skin reaction to RT, which was associated with an increased initial DNA fragmentation in vitro only in one of them. Cells from the other @entity0 @entity1 exhibited a striking slope in the dose-response curve detected by the G2 @entity4 test. We also found that previous RT strongly increased both spontaneous and in vitro radiation-induced @entity4 levels, and to a lesser extent, the radiation-induced DNA damage assessed by the Comet assay. These data suggest that clinical radiation may provoke @entity3 and/or induce persistent DNA damage in normal cells of @entity2 @entity1 , thus leading to increased levels of @entity4 induction and DNA fragmentation after irradiation in vitro. Therefore, care has to be taken when blood samples collected postradiotherapeutically are used to assess the radiosensitivity of @entity2 @entity1 .

title: Radiosensitivity in XXXX assessed by the Comet and @entity4 assays.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is an important infection-related complication, whose mode of transmission remains uncertain. METHODS: We investigated a nosocomial cluster of 14 @entity8 cases (11 confirmed and 3 probable) in kidney transplant recipients using epidemiological and genotyping methods. RESULTS: Poisson regression calculated an incidence density ratio of 42.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.1-129.3) versus background 0.64 cases of 1000 @entity0 -years (P<0.001). All @entity0 presented with @entity6 , 10 required ventilation, two died, and six transplants failed, costing  31,854 (  SD  26,048) per @entity0 . Four-locus multilocus sequence typing analysis using DNA extracts from 11 confirmed cases identified two closely related genotypes, with 9 of 11 sharing an identical composite multilocus sequence typing genotype. Contact tracing found colocalization of cases within clinic waiting areas, suggesting @entity0 -to- @entity0 transmission. Minimal and maximal @entity8 incubation periods were 124  83 to 172  71 days, respectively. Oropharyngeal washes from outpatient staff and ambient air samples were negative for P. jirovecii DNA. Cohort analysis (14 cases vs. 324 unaffected clinic control @entity0 ) identified independent risk factors including previous @entity7 (odds ratio [OR], 65.9; 95% CI, 7.9-550; P<0.001), underlying @entity4 (OR, 10.1; 95% CI, 2.3-45.0; P=0.002), and @entity1 (OR=1.61 per 10 mL/ @entity5 .73 m, 95% CI, 1.15-2.25, P=0.006). The outbreak was controlled by reintroduction of @entity2 / @entity3 prophylaxis to all potentially exposed clinic @entity0 and its extension to 12 months in recent recipients. CONCLUSIONS: Nosocomial @entity8 clusters are likely due to interhuman transmission by airborne droplets to susceptible hosts. Prompt recognition and a strategy of early preemptive @entity8 prophylaxis to all exposed transplant clinic recipients from the third confirmed case are recommended to limit outbreak escalation.

title: Nosocomial XXXX : lessons from a cluster in kidney transplant recipients.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: In contrast to @entity4 and @entity5 , @entity2 has not been considered to be a marker of @entity1 . However, actual data regarding the association are very limited. METHODS: We identified all @entity0 in Denmark from 1994 to 2009 with a diagnosis of @entity2 , @entity4 using population-based health registries. The occurrence of @entity1 in the three venous @entity3 cohorts was compared with the expected numbers of cases estimated using national incidence rates to compute standardised incidence ratios (SIRs). FINDINGS: We identified a total of 7663 @entity0 with @entity2 , 45,252 with @entity4 and 24,332 with @entity5 . In the first year of follow-up, very similar proportions of @entity0 in the three cohorts were diagnosed with @entity1 . The SIR was 2.46 (95% CI, 2.10-2.86) for @entity2 , 2.75 (95% CI, 2.60-2.90) for @entity4 , and 3.27 (95% CI, 3.03-3.52) for @entity5 . After one year, the SIRs declined to 1.05 (95% CI, 0.96-1.16), 1.11 (95% CI 1.07-1.16) and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.09-1.22), respectively. For all three @entity0 cohorts, particularly strong associations were found for @entity1 of the liver, lung, ovaries and pancreas as well as for @entity6 . INTERPRETATION: @entity2 , whenever it is seen in the lower limbs, is a preclinical marker of prevalent @entity1 , particularly during the first year after diagnosis.

title: Superficial and @entity4 , @entity5 and subsequent risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In contrast to @entity4 and @entity5 , @entity2 has not been considered to be a marker of @entity1 . However, actual data regarding the association are very limited. METHODS: We identified all @entity0 in Denmark from 1994 to 2009 with a diagnosis of @entity2 , @entity4 using population-based health registries. The occurrence of @entity1 in the three venous @entity3 cohorts was compared with the expected numbers of cases estimated using national incidence rates to compute standardised incidence ratios (SIRs). FINDINGS: We identified a total of 7663 @entity0 with @entity2 , 45,252 with @entity4 and 24,332 with @entity5 . In the first year of follow-up, very similar proportions of @entity0 in the three cohorts were diagnosed with @entity1 . The SIR was 2.46 (95% CI, 2.10-2.86) for @entity2 , 2.75 (95% CI, 2.60-2.90) for @entity4 , and 3.27 (95% CI, 3.03-3.52) for @entity5 . After one year, the SIRs declined to 1.05 (95% CI, 0.96-1.16), 1.11 (95% CI 1.07-1.16) and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.09-1.22), respectively. For all three @entity0 cohorts, particularly strong associations were found for @entity1 of the liver, lung, ovaries and pancreas as well as for @entity6 . INTERPRETATION: @entity2 , whenever it is seen in the lower limbs, is a preclinical marker of prevalent @entity1 , particularly during the first year after diagnosis.

title: Superficial and @entity4 , XXXX and subsequent risk of @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: In contrast to @entity4 and @entity5 , @entity2 has not been considered to be a marker of @entity1 . However, actual data regarding the association are very limited. METHODS: We identified all @entity0 in Denmark from 1994 to 2009 with a diagnosis of @entity2 , @entity4 using population-based health registries. The occurrence of @entity1 in the three venous @entity3 cohorts was compared with the expected numbers of cases estimated using national incidence rates to compute standardised incidence ratios (SIRs). FINDINGS: We identified a total of 7663 @entity0 with @entity2 , 45,252 with @entity4 and 24,332 with @entity5 . In the first year of follow-up, very similar proportions of @entity0 in the three cohorts were diagnosed with @entity1 . The SIR was 2.46 (95% CI, 2.10-2.86) for @entity2 , 2.75 (95% CI, 2.60-2.90) for @entity4 , and 3.27 (95% CI, 3.03-3.52) for @entity5 . After one year, the SIRs declined to 1.05 (95% CI, 0.96-1.16), 1.11 (95% CI 1.07-1.16) and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.09-1.22), respectively. For all three @entity0 cohorts, particularly strong associations were found for @entity1 of the liver, lung, ovaries and pancreas as well as for @entity6 . INTERPRETATION: @entity2 , whenever it is seen in the lower limbs, is a preclinical marker of prevalent @entity1 , particularly during the first year after diagnosis.

title: Superficial and XXXX , @entity5 and subsequent risk of @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of etanercept treatment in Polish @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). MATERIAL/METHODS: The study involved @entity0 , fulfilling the @entity2 criteria of the International League of Associations of Rheumatology (ILAR), who were started on etanercept therapy after @entity1 and other synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) had proven ineffective. @entity0 data were collected in an electronic registry. Disease improvement was assessed based on Giannini's criteria. RESULTS: The statistical analysis involved 188 @entity0 . Significant improvement was observed in all clinical and laboratory parameters after the first month of therapy and was maintained in the following months. ACR Pediatric 30, 50, 70, 90, and 100 improvement was observed in 81.4%, 65.9%, 27.5%, 16.2%, and 15%, respectively, of @entity0 after 3 months and in 94.7%, 88.4%, 62.1%, 34.7%, and 26.3%, respectively, after 24 months of treatment. Throughout the 72-month safety observation period, 1162 adverse events were reported; the exposure-adjusted AE rate was 2.96 per @entity0 per year. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with various subtypes of @entity2 resistant to conventional DMARD treatment, etanercept resulted in significant and long-lasting improvements in disease activity. Combination treatment with etanercept and a DMARD was well tolerated.

title: Etanercept treatment in XXXX : the Polish registry.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study examined @entity0 with an acute @entity2 illness for evidence of @entity5 , disordered blood-brain barrier function, intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis, and interferon (IFN) production, and related their temporal occurrence to outcome. A prospective study of 22 @entity0 (13 males, 9 females; age range 1mo to 13y, median 2y 4mo), recorded clinical details, with serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis near presentation and then on convalescent specimens taken up to day 39 of the @entity1 . Outcome was assessed with standard scales between 18 months and 3 years after presentation. A history consistent with @entity5 was given in 17 @entity0 but laboratory evidence of @entity5 was found in only 7 (7/17). In 18 out of 21 @entity0 , an elevated CSF:serum albumin ratio indicative of impairment of the blood-CSF and blood-brain barriers was detected at some stage of the illness. In 14 of the 15 @entity0 with a raised immunoglobulin G index, and in 12 of the 14 @entity0 where the CSF was positive for oligoclonal bands, this was preceded by, or was observed at the same time as, an abnormal albumin ratio. Sixteen @entity0 (16/18) had elevated @entity6 levels in serum, or CSF, or in both. We conclude that these findings indicate an initial disruption of the blood-brain barrier followed by intrathecal antibody production by activated lymphocytes, clonally restricted to a few antigens. This is the first in vivo study to show this as an important pathogenetic mechanism of @entity3 in @entity0 . Poor outcome was associated with young age, a deteriorating electroencephalogram pattern from grade 1 to grade 2, and the degree of @entity2 , particularly when prolonged, but not with Glasgow @entity4 Scale score. The persistence of @entity6 was associated with a good prognosis.

title: Childhood XXXX : viruses, immune response, and outcome.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Age is a leading risk factor for the development of @entity1 and failure. However, the efficacy of cardioprotective strategies designed to rescue the aged myocardium remains controversial. We have previously demonstrated increased levels of basal cardiac protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) with ageing, a well-known mediator of apoptotic cell death following ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) in adult hearts. Our objective was to determine the contribution of PKCdelta signaling mechanisms to reperfusion injury in the aged heart using local delivery of a novel PKCdelta inhibitory peptide ( @entity5 -1). METHODS: Contractile responses were assessed in hearts isolated from adult (4 months, n=38) and aged (24 months, n=45) male Fisher 344 @entity0 treated with either @entity5 -1 (500 nM) or Tat vehicle peptide (500 nM) upon reperfusion for 10 min following 31-min global ischaemia. RESULTS: Recovery of left ventricular (LV) developed pressure was significantly improved by @entity5 -1 and associated with smaller @entity2 size in 24 months vs. age-matched controls (p<0.005). We also observed significant reductions in DNA laddering and cytochrome c and @entity3 levels in aged hearts treated with @entity5 -1. Interestingly, @entity5 -1 attenuated mitochondrial and nuclear PKCdelta levels during reperfusion in aged vs. age-matched controls (p<0.01). Further, increases in mitochondrial phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (pGSK-3beta) levels were hastened in aged and adult hearts following @entity5 -1 (p<0.05), increasing the pGSK-3beta/ @entity4 ratio. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide novel evidence for cardioprotection through acute PKCdelta inhibition in aged @entity0 heart following I/R. Our results also suggest, for the first time, a key role for mitochondrial @entity4 as a cellular basis for the protection associated with PKCdelta inhibition with ageing.

title: Acute PKCdelta inhibition limits ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the aged @entity0 heart: role of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Age is a leading risk factor for the development of @entity1 and failure. However, the efficacy of cardioprotective strategies designed to rescue the aged myocardium remains controversial. We have previously demonstrated increased levels of basal cardiac protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) with ageing, a well-known mediator of apoptotic cell death following ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) in adult hearts. Our objective was to determine the contribution of PKCdelta signaling mechanisms to reperfusion injury in the aged heart using local delivery of a novel PKCdelta inhibitory peptide ( @entity5 -1). METHODS: Contractile responses were assessed in hearts isolated from adult (4 months, n=38) and aged (24 months, n=45) male Fisher 344 @entity0 treated with either @entity5 -1 (500 nM) or Tat vehicle peptide (500 nM) upon reperfusion for 10 min following 31-min global ischaemia. RESULTS: Recovery of left ventricular (LV) developed pressure was significantly improved by @entity5 -1 and associated with smaller @entity2 size in 24 months vs. age-matched controls (p<0.005). We also observed significant reductions in DNA laddering and cytochrome c and @entity3 levels in aged hearts treated with @entity5 -1. Interestingly, @entity5 -1 attenuated mitochondrial and nuclear PKCdelta levels during reperfusion in aged vs. age-matched controls (p<0.01). Further, increases in mitochondrial phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (pGSK-3beta) levels were hastened in aged and adult hearts following @entity5 -1 (p<0.05), increasing the pGSK-3beta/ @entity4 ratio. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide novel evidence for cardioprotection through acute PKCdelta inhibition in aged @entity0 heart following I/R. Our results also suggest, for the first time, a key role for mitochondrial @entity4 as a cellular basis for the protection associated with PKCdelta inhibition with ageing.

title: Acute PKCdelta inhibition limits ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the aged XXXX heart: role of @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is associated with a more severe @entity1 ( @entity1 ) course. However, the effect of light consumption is not known. Our aim was to characterize the effect of a light @entity2 consumption on the course of @entity1 . METHODS: We analyzed the course of @entity1 during the period 1995-2007 from data collected in 2795 consecutive @entity0 in whom smoking habits were recorded. @entity0 were classified as nonsmokers (n = 1420), light smokers (1-10 cigarettes/day; n = 385), heavy smokers (>10 cigarettes/day; n = 638), and intermittent smokers (change in smoking habits; n = 352). @entity0 -years while smoking were compared to @entity0 -years without smoking. The analyses considered @entity0 -years regarding annual disease activity and therapeutic requirements. RESULTS: The percentage of years with active disease was 37% in nonsmokers versus 46% in light smokers (P < 0.001; adjusted hazard ratio 1.30 [1.19-1.43]) and 48% in heavy smokers (P < 0.001; adjusted hazard ratio 1.68 [1.57-1.81]), despite an increased use of immunosuppressants in smokers. Hospitalization rates were also increased in both groups of smokers, with 12% in nonsmokers versus 15% in both groups of smokers (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). The annual rate of intestinal resection was 4.5% in nonsmokers, 5.1% in light smokers, and 5.5% in heavy smokers, with a significant difference observed between nonsmokers and heavy smokers only (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Light smokers are doing worse than nonsmokers regarding disease activity and the need for immunosuppressants. Complete smoking cessation should be advised in all smokers with @entity1 .

title: Effects of light smoking consumption on the clinical course of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested a role of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the response to antidepressants. We tested in a proof-of-concept study whether adding @entity5 (an MR agonist) or @entity4 (an MR antagonist) accelerates onset of action and improves efficacy of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 . We included 64 in- and outpatients with @entity1 (Hamilton Depression Scale-17 score>18) in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. @entity0 were randomized in a 2:2:1 fashion to @entity5 (0.2 mg/d, n=24) or @entity4 (100 mg/d, n=27) or placebo (n=13) for the first 3 weeks during a 5-week treatment with @entity3 . No differences in mean HAMD change scores and in time to response emerged between treatments. However, among the responders, @entity0 treated with @entity5 responded faster (Breslow test, p=0.05). The mean number of days to response was 16.0+/-2.6 days vs. placebo 22.2+/-2.0 vs. @entity4 22.6+/-2.3 (F=3.78, p=0.03). In the whole group, plasma @entity2 increased during @entity4 and decreased during @entity5 treatment (F=2.4, p=0.04). In @entity0 treated with @entity5 , non-responders had elevated @entity2 values compared to responders throughout the study period (F=5.1, p=0.04). Stimulation of MR with @entity5 as adjunct to @entity3 accelerated the response in the group of responders while no effect emerged in the sample as a whole. A larger randomized controlled trial is warranted.

title: Modulation of the mineralocorticoid receptor as add-on treatment in XXXX : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Upon @entity2 , transcription of many stress-inducible genes is rapidly and dramatically stimulated by @entity2 factor (HSF). A central region of the @entity0 HSF (designated HSFrr for "repression region") was previously identified and proposed to be involved in repressing the activation domain under non-heat-shock conditions. Here, we used the phage display system to isolate proteins that interact with HSFrr. This should identify factors that modulate HSF activity or directly participate in HSF-mediated transcriptional activation. We constructed a randomly sheared @entity0 genomic library to express @entity0 proteins on the surface of @entity4 . HSFrr binding phages were selected by cycles of affinity chromatography. DNA sequencing identified an HSFrr-interacting phage that contains the @entity9 gene. The @entity9 gene encodes the regulatory subunit for a type 1 @entity1 / @entity3 phosphoprotein phosphatase, @entity5 . Both @entity9 and @entity5 mutations had little effect on HSF activation of gene transcription of two @entity2 genes, @entity8 and @entity7 . In contrast, @entity2 induction of @entity6 gene expression was completely abolished in a @entity5 mutant and reduced in a @entity9 mutant. The results demonstrate that the @entity5 phosphatase and its @entity9 regulatory subunit play positive roles in HSF activation of @entity6 transcription.

title: Glycogen synthase phosphatase interacts with @entity2 factor to activate XXXX gene transcription in @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Upon @entity2 , transcription of many stress-inducible genes is rapidly and dramatically stimulated by @entity2 factor (HSF). A central region of the @entity0 HSF (designated HSFrr for "repression region") was previously identified and proposed to be involved in repressing the activation domain under non-heat-shock conditions. Here, we used the phage display system to isolate proteins that interact with HSFrr. This should identify factors that modulate HSF activity or directly participate in HSF-mediated transcriptional activation. We constructed a randomly sheared @entity0 genomic library to express @entity0 proteins on the surface of @entity4 . HSFrr binding phages were selected by cycles of affinity chromatography. DNA sequencing identified an HSFrr-interacting phage that contains the @entity9 gene. The @entity9 gene encodes the regulatory subunit for a type 1 @entity1 / @entity3 phosphoprotein phosphatase, @entity5 . Both @entity9 and @entity5 mutations had little effect on HSF activation of gene transcription of two @entity2 genes, @entity8 and @entity7 . In contrast, @entity2 induction of @entity6 gene expression was completely abolished in a @entity5 mutant and reduced in a @entity9 mutant. The results demonstrate that the @entity5 phosphatase and its @entity9 regulatory subunit play positive roles in HSF activation of @entity6 transcription.

title: Glycogen synthase phosphatase interacts with @entity2 factor to activate @entity6 gene transcription in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Upon @entity2 , transcription of many stress-inducible genes is rapidly and dramatically stimulated by @entity2 factor (HSF). A central region of the @entity0 HSF (designated HSFrr for "repression region") was previously identified and proposed to be involved in repressing the activation domain under non-heat-shock conditions. Here, we used the phage display system to isolate proteins that interact with HSFrr. This should identify factors that modulate HSF activity or directly participate in HSF-mediated transcriptional activation. We constructed a randomly sheared @entity0 genomic library to express @entity0 proteins on the surface of @entity4 . HSFrr binding phages were selected by cycles of affinity chromatography. DNA sequencing identified an HSFrr-interacting phage that contains the @entity9 gene. The @entity9 gene encodes the regulatory subunit for a type 1 @entity1 / @entity3 phosphoprotein phosphatase, @entity5 . Both @entity9 and @entity5 mutations had little effect on HSF activation of gene transcription of two @entity2 genes, @entity8 and @entity7 . In contrast, @entity2 induction of @entity6 gene expression was completely abolished in a @entity5 mutant and reduced in a @entity9 mutant. The results demonstrate that the @entity5 phosphatase and its @entity9 regulatory subunit play positive roles in HSF activation of @entity6 transcription.

title: Glycogen synthase phosphatase interacts with XXXX factor to activate @entity6 gene transcription in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Dupuytren's tissue has typically been described as being composed of myofibroblast-rich palmar nodules and relatively acellular @entity2 . We aimed to determine myofibroblast distribution (alpha-smooth muscle actin [alpha-SMA] positive cells) within Dupuytren's tissue and to correlate histologically defined alpha-SMA-positive nodules with @entity3 and recurrent disease. METHODS: One hundred and three digital @entity4 (72 fasciectomy, 31 dermofasciectomy) were stained with anti-alpha-SMA antibody. The presence of alpha-SMA-positive nodules, their surface area, and alpha-SMA-positive cells were quantified throughout excised Dupuytren's tissue. Clinical data on diathesis, @entity1 , and previous surgeries were collected. RESULTS: Cords were nodular (66%) or non-nodular (34%). Nodular cords contained 1 (55%), 2 (33%), or 3 or more nodules (12%) composed of localized collections of cells. The mean total nodule surface area was 23 mm(2) (range, 1.3-105 mm(2)). Nodules contained the highest number of alpha-SMA-positive cells (mean 97%, 2374 cells/mm(2)) compared to peri-nodular areas (mean 32%, 763 cells/mm(2)), and more distant cord (mean 8%, 495 cells/mm(2)). Non-nodular cords contained 9% to 17% alpha-SMA-positive cells (mean 475-663 cells/mm(2)), with higher numbers distally. There was greater @entity3 in @entity0 with non-nodular cords. Thirty-six of 38 proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint-marked samples had a nodule that co-localized with the PIP joint. Nodule size did not correlate with @entity1 or with primary or recurrent disease. CONCLUSIONS: We found that two thirds of digital cords were nodular. Nodules were hypercellular, the majority being alpha-SMA-positive cells. Nodules varied in size and co-localized with the PIP joint. Cord was relatively cellular throughout; a proportion of these cells were alpha-SMA-positive and cells aligned with collagen fibers. Non-nodular cords correlated with significantly greater @entity3 . We propose that cells in nodular cords contract and deposit extracellular matrix components. The matrix is then remodeled in shortened configuration, and as fixed @entity1 develops, stress shielding eventually leads to myofibroblast apoptosis, and cord becomes less cellular.

title: Myofibroblast distribution in XXXX : correlation with @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Dupuytren's tissue has typically been described as being composed of myofibroblast-rich palmar nodules and relatively acellular @entity2 . We aimed to determine myofibroblast distribution (alpha-smooth muscle actin [alpha-SMA] positive cells) within Dupuytren's tissue and to correlate histologically defined alpha-SMA-positive nodules with @entity3 and recurrent disease. METHODS: One hundred and three digital @entity4 (72 fasciectomy, 31 dermofasciectomy) were stained with anti-alpha-SMA antibody. The presence of alpha-SMA-positive nodules, their surface area, and alpha-SMA-positive cells were quantified throughout excised Dupuytren's tissue. Clinical data on diathesis, @entity1 , and previous surgeries were collected. RESULTS: Cords were nodular (66%) or non-nodular (34%). Nodular cords contained 1 (55%), 2 (33%), or 3 or more nodules (12%) composed of localized collections of cells. The mean total nodule surface area was 23 mm(2) (range, 1.3-105 mm(2)). Nodules contained the highest number of alpha-SMA-positive cells (mean 97%, 2374 cells/mm(2)) compared to peri-nodular areas (mean 32%, 763 cells/mm(2)), and more distant cord (mean 8%, 495 cells/mm(2)). Non-nodular cords contained 9% to 17% alpha-SMA-positive cells (mean 475-663 cells/mm(2)), with higher numbers distally. There was greater @entity3 in @entity0 with non-nodular cords. Thirty-six of 38 proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint-marked samples had a nodule that co-localized with the PIP joint. Nodule size did not correlate with @entity1 or with primary or recurrent disease. CONCLUSIONS: We found that two thirds of digital cords were nodular. Nodules were hypercellular, the majority being alpha-SMA-positive cells. Nodules varied in size and co-localized with the PIP joint. Cord was relatively cellular throughout; a proportion of these cells were alpha-SMA-positive and cells aligned with collagen fibers. Non-nodular cords correlated with significantly greater @entity3 . We propose that cells in nodular cords contract and deposit extracellular matrix components. The matrix is then remodeled in shortened configuration, and as fixed @entity1 develops, stress shielding eventually leads to myofibroblast apoptosis, and cord becomes less cellular.

title: Myofibroblast distribution in @entity4 : correlation with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity8 ) is the most frequently reported organic groundwater contaminant in the United States. It is controversial whether gestational @entity8 exposure causes @entity6 . The basis for @entity8 's proposed cardiac teratogenicity is not well understood. We previously showed that @entity4 embryos exposed to 8 ppb @entity8 during cardiac morphogenesis have reduced cardiac output and increased mortality. To further investigate @entity8 's cardioteratogenic potential, we exposed in ovo @entity4 embryos to @entity8 and evaluated the heart thereafter. Significant mortality was observed following @entity8 exposures of 8-400 ppb during a narrow developmental period (Hamburger-Hamilton [HH] stages 15-20, embryo day ED2.3-3.5) that is characterized by myocardial expansion, secondary heart looping, and endocardial cushion formation. Of the embryos that died, most did so between ED5.5 and ED6.5. Echocardiography of embryos at ED5.5 found that @entity8 -exposed hearts displayed significant functional and morphological heterogeneity affecting heart rate, left ventricular mass, and wall thickness. Individual embryos were identified with @entity3 as well as with @entity2 . @entity4 embryos exposed to 8 ppb @entity8 at HH17 that survived to hatch exhibited a high incidence (38%, p < 0.01, n = 16) of muscular @entity5 ( @entity5 ) as detected by echocardiography and confirmed by gross dissection; no @entity5 were found in controls (n = 14). The @entity8 -induced @entity5 may be @entity0 that alter cardiac hemodynamics and subsequent ventricular foramen closure, an interpretation consistent with recent demonstrations that @entity8 impairs @entity1 handling in cardiomyocytes. These data demonstrate that @entity8 is a cardiac teratogen for @entity4 .

title: Altered cardiac function and XXXX in avian embryos exposed to low-dose @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity8 ) is the most frequently reported organic groundwater contaminant in the United States. It is controversial whether gestational @entity8 exposure causes @entity6 . The basis for @entity8 's proposed cardiac teratogenicity is not well understood. We previously showed that @entity4 embryos exposed to 8 ppb @entity8 during cardiac morphogenesis have reduced cardiac output and increased mortality. To further investigate @entity8 's cardioteratogenic potential, we exposed in ovo @entity4 embryos to @entity8 and evaluated the heart thereafter. Significant mortality was observed following @entity8 exposures of 8-400 ppb during a narrow developmental period (Hamburger-Hamilton [HH] stages 15-20, embryo day ED2.3-3.5) that is characterized by myocardial expansion, secondary heart looping, and endocardial cushion formation. Of the embryos that died, most did so between ED5.5 and ED6.5. Echocardiography of embryos at ED5.5 found that @entity8 -exposed hearts displayed significant functional and morphological heterogeneity affecting heart rate, left ventricular mass, and wall thickness. Individual embryos were identified with @entity3 as well as with @entity2 . @entity4 embryos exposed to 8 ppb @entity8 at HH17 that survived to hatch exhibited a high incidence (38%, p < 0.01, n = 16) of muscular @entity5 ( @entity5 ) as detected by echocardiography and confirmed by gross dissection; no @entity5 were found in controls (n = 14). The @entity8 -induced @entity5 may be @entity0 that alter cardiac hemodynamics and subsequent ventricular foramen closure, an interpretation consistent with recent demonstrations that @entity8 impairs @entity1 handling in cardiomyocytes. These data demonstrate that @entity8 is a cardiac teratogen for @entity4 .

title: Altered cardiac function and @entity5 in avian embryos exposed to low-dose XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to define a correct anesthesiological and surgical approach in @entity0 who present a significant @entity4 with contralateral @entity3 . METHODS: Between 1996 and 1998 in our Department of Vascular Surgery of the Hospital S. Giovanni Battista has been executed 337 Carotid Endoarterectomies (CEA). Of these, 44 @entity0 (13%) had a contralateral internal @entity3 . Forty was male (91%), and 4 female (9%). Echo Doppler, angiography, angioTC or angio-RMN and @entity7 were performed in all @entity0 . In all cases was executed a traditional CEA. RESULTS: Because of the presence of a large @entity2 or clamping intolerance 12 operation were performed under general anesthesia (27%). Shunt was used in 15 @entity0 (34%) and patch was used in 10 cases (23%). In 2 cases (4.5%) there was be a @entity5 of the operated internal carotid artery and one @entity0 died (2.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of contralateral internal @entity3 with @entity4 > 70% increase the risk of @entity1 because of the difficulty of collateral cerebral blood flow. The execution of echo Doppler, angiography, angioTC or angioRM and @entity7 and their evaluation permit to choice the best anesthesiological and surgical treatment. The utilization of @entity6 with thiopental protection and shunting reducing the rate of perioperative @entity1 , but the local anesthesia allows the best monitoring of intraoperative cerebral function. This behaviour was correctly when in @entity0 with contralateral internal @entity3 there is an insufficient intracranic vascularization or an extensive @entity2 or clamping intolerance.

title: Carotid endoarterectomy in the presence of contralateral XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the characteristics of the @entity1 in myopic @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study of 420 eyes in 210 @entity0 who visited the Excimer Laser Surgery Clinic at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University from January 1999 to June 2002 was conducted. All cases that were eligible for myopic refractive surgery were included in the present study. A preoperative ocular examination was done in a fashionable method, including manifest refraction and Orbscan Topography to evaluate corneal thickness, corneal curvature and corneal diameter Statistical analysis was performed to identify the characteristics of the @entity1 in the @entity0 . RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity0 was 31.66 +/- 7.77 years. (ranging from 16-51). The mean manifest refraction (spherical equivalent) was -4.9 +/- 2.29 diopters (ranging from -0.50 to -13.75). The mean corneal diameter (white to white) was 11.60 mm +/- 0.37 mm (ranging from 10.8-12.9). The thinnest point of the @entity1 varied from 409 to 597 microns (mean = 522.55) and located mostly in the infero-temporal quadrant of the eye (23.69% in the right and 32.05% in the left). The mean curvature of the corneal was 44.6 +/- 13.8 diopters (ranging from 39.05-47.65). The mean corneal @entity2 was 1.34 +/- 0.71 diopters and 93.96% were with the rule @entity2 . Positive angle kappa was found in 408 eyes (97%) but all cases were within a 0.5 mm horizontal and 0.3 mm vertical radius from the @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Characteristics of the @entity1 in Thai myopic @entity0 were demonstrated in the present study. Most of the @entity1 showed with the rule @entity2 with positive angle kappa and the thinnest point, located at the infero-temporal quadrant.

title: Corneal characteristics in myopic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 is defined as that which appears in @entity0 without history of previous pathology that could explain the event. Management includes @entity3 with or without pleurodesis and surgical resection of affected lung tissue with pleurodesis. Thoracoscopic approach has proved to be useful with low morbidity and mortality as well as low recurrence rate. This paper describes the experience with thoracoscopic management of @entity4 with pulmonary wedge resection of affected tissue, parietal pleurectomy, and @entity3 of remaining parietal and diaphragmatic pleura. Fifty-five @entity0 have been submitted to this approach (24 female, 31 male). Fifty-three @entity0 had past history of at least one previous pneumothorax (second event, n=41; third event, n=9; fourth event or more, n=3). Computed tomography was abnormal in 19 @entity0 . Operative time was 57 minutes (+/-17). There were no transoperative complications. Macroscopic findings were presence of small type I bullae in the lung apex in 48; three more had apical @entity3 . None of the @entity0 presented @entity1 . Chest tubes were removed after 24-48 hours on average. @entity2 control was achieved in 51 @entity0 ; 4 @entity0 presented mild chronic @entity2 for 3-5 months. Median follow-up was 48 months (range 6-72); no recurrence has been observed. @entity4 can be managed thoracoscopically; management should include wedge resection of affected lung, apical pleurectomy, and @entity3 of remaining parietal and diaphragmatic pleura.

title: Thoracoscopic management of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is the most common @entity1 in the UK, with greater prevalence in @entity0 , older @entity0 , and those with poorer socioeconomic status. Effective treatments are available, yet little is known about the quality of primary care for this disabling condition. AIM: To measure the recorded quality of primary care for @entity2 , and assess variations by @entity0 and/or practice characteristics. DESIGN OF STUDY: Retrospective observational study. SETTING: Eighteen general practices in England. METHOD: Records of 320/393 randomly selected @entity0 with @entity2 (response rate 81%) were reviewed. High-quality health care was specified by nine quality indicators. Logistic regression modelling assessed variations in quality by age, sex, deprivation, severity, time since diagnosis, and practice size. RESULTS: There was substantial variation in the recorded achievement of individual indicators (range 5% to 90%). The percentage of eligible @entity0 whose records show that they received care in the form of information provision ranged from 17% to 30%. For regular assessment indicators the range was 27% to 43%, and for treatment indicators the range was 5% to 90%. Recorded achievement of quality indicators was higher in those with more severe @entity2 (odds ratio [OR] 1.38, 95% CI=1.13 to 1.69) and in older @entity0 (OR 1.14, 95% CI=1.02 to 1.28). There were no significant variations by deprivation score. CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated the feasibility of using existing robust quality indicators to measure the quality of primary care for @entity2 , and has found considerable scope for improvement in the recording of high-quality care. The lack of variation between practices suggests that system-level initiatives may be needed to achieve improvement. One challenge will be to improve care for all, without losing the equitable distribution of care identified.

title: Recorded quality of primary care for XXXX : an observational study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: Extramammary Paget's disease is a rare @entity1 , often associated with a synchronous or metachronous underlying skin or @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the results we got in 5 cases of @entity5 and to revise what literature have reported about this issue. @entity0 AND METHODS: Five @entity0 with perianal EMPD were consecutively treated in our Division between March 1996 and December 2006. In 3 cases the disease was limited to the epidermidis, in one case with multiple recurrences there was dermal infiltration, and one @entity0 had a low @entity3 with @entity6 phenomenon. The surgical treatment we performed in all @entity0 was a wide perianal excision, followed by reconstruction with cutaneous grafts; the resection of @entity3 was carried out using the transanal approach. In two cases we performed a temporary stoma with the sigmoid colon to help the wound healing. RESULTS: We didn't record any complication neither postoperative nor at long time. Two @entity0 developed a local recurrence, but none of our @entity0 showed distant metastases. Four @entity0 are alive and free from disease and one, who developed a multiple local recurrences, died for @entity4 . DISCUSSION: The studies available in literature clearly distinguish between a primary EMPD (intraepidermal/intradermal) and secondary disease which is associated with @entity3 and is thought to be a @entity6 phenomenon, while few informations can derive from those cases in which the disease is associated with an underlying cutaneous @entity2 . Disease tend to relapse even after a radical surgery and can have metastatic spread, also in intraepidermal form. CONCLUSIONS: Perianal EMPD is a complex disease, difficult to recognize and the association with synchronous or @entity1 imposes long term clinical and instrumental follow up.

title: [ XXXX : five cases report].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 after vaginal delivery can interfere with the activities of daily living. We hypothesized that epidural medication administered after delivery would be of benefit for acute postpartum @entity3 management. The objective of this study was to assess whether epidural @entity6 after vaginal delivery would reduce the analgesic requirements for perineal @entity3 . METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 228 parturients who received epidural @entity6 , 2.5 mg, or epidural saline within 1 h of delivery. The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity0 who received additional analgesics in the first 24 h postpartum. We also evaluated the time to first request for @entity7 , @entity3 and satisfaction scores, and the incidence of side effects due to epidural @entity6 . RESULTS: The majority of the 228 @entity0 participating in the study were Caucasian, primiparous @entity0 >30 yr old. The proportion of @entity0 requiring additional analgesics was less among those who received epidural @entity6 (8 of 113; 7%) compared with saline (37 of 115; 32%), regardless of the degree of perineal @entity2 (RR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.12-0.41). The relative risk reduction in receiving additional analgesics for primiparous @entity0 receiving epidural @entity6 compared with saline was 0.25 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.49) and for multiparous @entity0 was 0.12 (95% CI: 0.02-0.63). The time to first request for analgesics was later for those who received @entity6 (mean 22.9 h, 95% CI: 22.2-23.7) compared with saline (mean 18.9 h, 95% CI: 17.4-20.4) (P < 0.0001). The side-effect incidence ( @entity1 , @entity4 and @entity5 , and sedation) was not different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: There was a 78% reduction in analgesic requirements in @entity0 given epidural @entity6 after vaginal delivery compared with placebo for both primiparous and multiparous @entity0 . @entity0 who receive epidural labor @entity7 for vaginal deliveries and stay in the hospital for 24 h after delivery may benefit from postpartum administration of epidural @entity6 .

title: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of epidural @entity6 XXXX after vaginal delivery.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 after vaginal delivery can interfere with the activities of daily living. We hypothesized that epidural medication administered after delivery would be of benefit for acute postpartum @entity3 management. The objective of this study was to assess whether epidural @entity6 after vaginal delivery would reduce the analgesic requirements for perineal @entity3 . METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 228 parturients who received epidural @entity6 , 2.5 mg, or epidural saline within 1 h of delivery. The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity0 who received additional analgesics in the first 24 h postpartum. We also evaluated the time to first request for @entity7 , @entity3 and satisfaction scores, and the incidence of side effects due to epidural @entity6 . RESULTS: The majority of the 228 @entity0 participating in the study were Caucasian, primiparous @entity0 >30 yr old. The proportion of @entity0 requiring additional analgesics was less among those who received epidural @entity6 (8 of 113; 7%) compared with saline (37 of 115; 32%), regardless of the degree of perineal @entity2 (RR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.12-0.41). The relative risk reduction in receiving additional analgesics for primiparous @entity0 receiving epidural @entity6 compared with saline was 0.25 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.49) and for multiparous @entity0 was 0.12 (95% CI: 0.02-0.63). The time to first request for analgesics was later for those who received @entity6 (mean 22.9 h, 95% CI: 22.2-23.7) compared with saline (mean 18.9 h, 95% CI: 17.4-20.4) (P < 0.0001). The side-effect incidence ( @entity1 , @entity4 and @entity5 , and sedation) was not different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: There was a 78% reduction in analgesic requirements in @entity0 given epidural @entity6 after vaginal delivery compared with placebo for both primiparous and multiparous @entity0 . @entity0 who receive epidural labor @entity7 for vaginal deliveries and stay in the hospital for 24 h after delivery may benefit from postpartum administration of epidural @entity6 .

title: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of epidural XXXX @entity7 after vaginal delivery.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of @entity5 800 mg three times a day, @entity2 600 mg twice a day, and a combination of @entity2 400 mg twice a day and @entity1 400 mg twice a day, when administered with two @entity4 analogues. DESIGN: A randomized, open-labelled, controlled trial. Two hundred and eighty-four @entity0 started randomized treatment. The primary end-point was the proportion of @entity0 with @entity3 RNA of 200 copies/ml or less (Roche Amplicor) and @entity3 RNA of 20 copies/ml or less (Roche ultradirect assay) at 6 months. Analysis was performed as intent-to-treat, and missing values were accounted for as failures. RESULTS: As of 1 May 1998, 269 @entity0 should have completed 24 weeks of treatment. The proportion of @entity0 with @entity3 RNA of 200 copies/ml or less was 71% ( @entity5 ), 67% ( @entity2 ), and 82% ( @entity2 + @entity1 ), P = 0.07. In antiretroviral drug-naive @entity0 (n = 119), the corresponding figures were 63, 57, and 89% (P < 0.01), whereas among drug-experienced @entity0 (n = 165) 77, 74, and 77% had @entity3 RNA of 200 copies/ml or less (P = 0.90). The same pattern was observed in the ultradirect analysis. All three regimens were generally safe, but significantly more @entity0 in the @entity2 group (37%) stopped treatment because of adverse drug reactions compared with the @entity5 group (8%) and the @entity2 plus @entity1 group (16%) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity1 plus @entity2 in combination with two @entity4 analogues is generally safe, and has superior short-term antiviral efficacy compared with @entity5 and @entity2 also combined with two @entity4 analogues in antiretroviral drug-naive @entity0 . Further follow-up is needed to determine the durability of the viral response.

title: Combination therapy containing XXXX plus @entity1 has superior short-term antiretroviral efficacy: a randomized trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of @entity5 800 mg three times a day, @entity2 600 mg twice a day, and a combination of @entity2 400 mg twice a day and @entity1 400 mg twice a day, when administered with two @entity4 analogues. DESIGN: A randomized, open-labelled, controlled trial. Two hundred and eighty-four @entity0 started randomized treatment. The primary end-point was the proportion of @entity0 with @entity3 RNA of 200 copies/ml or less (Roche Amplicor) and @entity3 RNA of 20 copies/ml or less (Roche ultradirect assay) at 6 months. Analysis was performed as intent-to-treat, and missing values were accounted for as failures. RESULTS: As of 1 May 1998, 269 @entity0 should have completed 24 weeks of treatment. The proportion of @entity0 with @entity3 RNA of 200 copies/ml or less was 71% ( @entity5 ), 67% ( @entity2 ), and 82% ( @entity2 + @entity1 ), P = 0.07. In antiretroviral drug-naive @entity0 (n = 119), the corresponding figures were 63, 57, and 89% (P < 0.01), whereas among drug-experienced @entity0 (n = 165) 77, 74, and 77% had @entity3 RNA of 200 copies/ml or less (P = 0.90). The same pattern was observed in the ultradirect analysis. All three regimens were generally safe, but significantly more @entity0 in the @entity2 group (37%) stopped treatment because of adverse drug reactions compared with the @entity5 group (8%) and the @entity2 plus @entity1 group (16%) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity1 plus @entity2 in combination with two @entity4 analogues is generally safe, and has superior short-term antiviral efficacy compared with @entity5 and @entity2 also combined with two @entity4 analogues in antiretroviral drug-naive @entity0 . Further follow-up is needed to determine the durability of the viral response.

title: Combination therapy containing @entity2 plus XXXX has superior short-term antiretroviral efficacy: a randomized trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is a @entity2 that is often associated with an immune-mediated form of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity1 most often manifests as microscopic @entity7 with or without red blood cell or mixed cellular casts, @entity5 , and an elevated serum @entity8 concentration.We conducted the current study to determine whether persistent @entity7 , in the setting of apparent clinical remission, may reflect @entity1 and not active @entity1 . We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 82 @entity0 with new-onset @entity9 , of whom 25 had @entity4 at presentation.Twenty of 25 @entity0 with @entity4 achieved sustained remissions (>6 consecutive months' duration). During initial periods of active disease the median peak serum @entity8 was 1.9 mg/dL (range, 0.6-13.6 mg/dL). The median time to remission was 4 months (range, 2-13 mo). After effective therapy, median @entity8 was 1.1 mg/dL (range, 0.4-1.8 mg/dL). Ten of 20 @entity0 had prolonged @entity7 over a period of >6 months. Within this subset, 5 subsequently normalized urine over a median period of 11 months and 5 did not achieve normal urine sediment over a median follow-up of 38 months. Thus, 10 of 25 @entity0 with @entity9 and @entity4 had sustained @entity7 in spite of apparent prolonged clinical remission. @entity0 with @entity9 and @entity4 may achieve enduring remissions that allow withdrawal of medications in spite of continued microscopic @entity7 with or without red blood cell casts that may persist for months or even years. Continued use of aggressive immunosuppressive therapies in such @entity0 would be ill-advised and could lead to irreversible and even life-threatening side effects from @entity6 or high-dose @entity3 .

title: Persistent XXXX after induction of remission in @entity9 : a therapeutic dilemma.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is a @entity2 that is often associated with an immune-mediated form of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity1 most often manifests as microscopic @entity7 with or without red blood cell or mixed cellular casts, @entity5 , and an elevated serum @entity8 concentration.We conducted the current study to determine whether persistent @entity7 , in the setting of apparent clinical remission, may reflect @entity1 and not active @entity1 . We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 82 @entity0 with new-onset @entity9 , of whom 25 had @entity4 at presentation.Twenty of 25 @entity0 with @entity4 achieved sustained remissions (>6 consecutive months' duration). During initial periods of active disease the median peak serum @entity8 was 1.9 mg/dL (range, 0.6-13.6 mg/dL). The median time to remission was 4 months (range, 2-13 mo). After effective therapy, median @entity8 was 1.1 mg/dL (range, 0.4-1.8 mg/dL). Ten of 20 @entity0 had prolonged @entity7 over a period of >6 months. Within this subset, 5 subsequently normalized urine over a median period of 11 months and 5 did not achieve normal urine sediment over a median follow-up of 38 months. Thus, 10 of 25 @entity0 with @entity9 and @entity4 had sustained @entity7 in spite of apparent prolonged clinical remission. @entity0 with @entity9 and @entity4 may achieve enduring remissions that allow withdrawal of medications in spite of continued microscopic @entity7 with or without red blood cell casts that may persist for months or even years. Continued use of aggressive immunosuppressive therapies in such @entity0 would be ill-advised and could lead to irreversible and even life-threatening side effects from @entity6 or high-dose @entity3 .

title: Persistent @entity7 after induction of remission in XXXX : a therapeutic dilemma.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Risk of first @entity4 ( @entity4 ) increases with age. We investigated whether age is related to the risk of recurrent @entity4 . We followed 694 @entity0 for a mean of 40 months after first unprovoked proximal @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and/or @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and withdrawal of anticoagulants. We excluded @entity0 with natural inhibitor deficiency, @entity5 , or @entity1 ; @entity0 who required indefinite anticoagulation; pregnant @entity0 ; and @entity0 who had @entity4 related to female hormone use. The endpoint was symptomatic recurrent @entity4 . @entity4 recurred in 152 @entity0 (22%). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of recurrence for a 10-year increase in age was 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-1.08; p = 0.4). Compared with @entity0 aged younger than 47 years (1st tercile of @entity0 population) no significant increase in the risk of recurrent @entity4 was found among @entity0 47-61 years old (2nd tercile) or @entity0 older than 61 years (3rd tercile) ([HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.78-2.01] and [HR, 0.93l; 95% CI, 0.56-1.53], respectively). Compared to @entity0 older than 80 years, the HR of recurrence among @entity0 younger than 50 years was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.11-10.3; p = 0.9). After 5 years, probability of recurrence was 32% (95% CI, 24%-40%) among @entity0 aged less than 47 years; 21% (95% CI, 15%-28%) among @entity0 47-61 years old; and 33% (95% CI, 24%-42%) among @entity0 older than 61 years (p = 0.5).Our results show that in @entity0 with first unprovoked proximal @entity2 and/or @entity3 , risk of recurrence is not related to age at first @entity4 . Regardless of age, these @entity0 have a high risk of recurrence.

title: Age at first XXXX and risk of recurrence: a prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine effects of time-of-day-specific strength training on @entity3 and maximal strength in @entity0 . A training group underwent a 10-week preparatory training (wk 0-wk 10) scheduled between 17:00 and 19:00 hours. Thereafter, the subjects were randomized either to a morning or afternoon training group. They continued with a 10-week time-of-day-specific training (wk 11-wk 20) with training times between 07:00 and 09:00 hours and 17:00 and 19:00 hours in the morning group and afternoon groups, respectively. A control group did not train but was tested at all occasions. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) cross-sectional areas (CSA) and volume were obtained by magnetic resonance imaging scan at week 10 and 20. Maximum voluntary isometric strength during unilateral knee extensions and half-squat 1 repetition maximum (1RM) were tested at week 0, 10, and 20 at a randomly given time of day between 09:00 and 16:00 hours. The @entity1 average CSA and volume increased significantly (p < 0.001) in both the morning and afternoon training groups by 2.7% and 3.5%, respectively. The 0.8% difference between the training groups was not significant. The entire 20-week training period resulted in significant increases in maximum voluntary contraction and 1RM of similar magnitude in both training groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively) as compared with the control group. In conclusion, 10 weeks of strength training performed either in the morning or in the afternoon resulted in significant increases in @entity1 muscle size. The magnitude of muscular @entity2 did not statistically differ between the morning and afternoon training times. From a practical point of view, strength training in the morning and afternoon hours can be similarly efficient when aiming for @entity3 over a shorter period of time (<3 mo).

title: Effect of time-of-day-specific strength training on muscular XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine effects of time-of-day-specific strength training on @entity3 and maximal strength in @entity0 . A training group underwent a 10-week preparatory training (wk 0-wk 10) scheduled between 17:00 and 19:00 hours. Thereafter, the subjects were randomized either to a morning or afternoon training group. They continued with a 10-week time-of-day-specific training (wk 11-wk 20) with training times between 07:00 and 09:00 hours and 17:00 and 19:00 hours in the morning group and afternoon groups, respectively. A control group did not train but was tested at all occasions. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) cross-sectional areas (CSA) and volume were obtained by magnetic resonance imaging scan at week 10 and 20. Maximum voluntary isometric strength during unilateral knee extensions and half-squat 1 repetition maximum (1RM) were tested at week 0, 10, and 20 at a randomly given time of day between 09:00 and 16:00 hours. The @entity1 average CSA and volume increased significantly (p < 0.001) in both the morning and afternoon training groups by 2.7% and 3.5%, respectively. The 0.8% difference between the training groups was not significant. The entire 20-week training period resulted in significant increases in maximum voluntary contraction and 1RM of similar magnitude in both training groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively) as compared with the control group. In conclusion, 10 weeks of strength training performed either in the morning or in the afternoon resulted in significant increases in @entity1 muscle size. The magnitude of muscular @entity2 did not statistically differ between the morning and afternoon training times. From a practical point of view, strength training in the morning and afternoon hours can be similarly efficient when aiming for @entity3 over a shorter period of time (<3 mo).

title: Effect of time-of-day-specific strength training on muscular @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 continues to be a perplexing diagnostic and therapeutic problem for most ophthalmologists. However, thorough investigation, both systemic and ocular, can in most cases, establish either an environmental etiology or the nature of the heritable disorder. In cases with @entity1 and @entity7 , the ophthalmologist should insure that each @entity0 obtains adequate consultation with other specialists in order that proper prophylactic and therapeutic measures are available. The @entity4 , @entity6 , and the @entity8 together account for the majority of @entity5 . Each of these requires a somewhat different therapeutic approach. @entity3 should be recognized as a frequent complication in each of these conditions but is most serious in the @entity8 in which it often occurs early in life and remains unrecognized until serious damage has occurred. Because of the pupillary-block nature of the @entity3 in this condition, a prophylactic peripheral iridectomy must be seriously considered in every case while lens surgery should be undertaken if the @entity3 cannot be controlled by medical or surgical means. In @entity6 , because of the potential vascular complications of general anesthesia, the ophthalmologist is often in a dilemma. The lens in this condition seems to be more mobile than in other @entity7 and therefore likely to compromise vision earlier in life. However, due to the risk of vascular @entity2 , lens surgery should be delayed whenever possible until the @entity0 is old enough to tolerate local anesthesia. Likewise, @entity0 with the @entity4 should be handled conservatively and, in general, function quite well simple with spectacle correction. Due to the high frequency of immediate surgical complications, it is advisable to avoid an open-sky technique to lens removal, using aspiration or a pars plana approach instead.

title: Differential diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has been associated with diminished function of the biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and pronounced circadian sleep-wake cycle disturbances. Few studies have investigated other @entity3 etiologies. Because @entity1 acts on the SCN and modifies circadian rhythms in animal studies, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) may also be associated with circadian @entity5 . This pilot study investigated the rest-activity cycle of @entity4 to see whether there were sleep-wake cycle disturbances similar to those that the authors had observed in @entity0 with @entity2 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional observational study in a single academic medical center. @entity0 , MEASUREMENTS: The authors investigated the circadian rest-activity cycle of six moderately demented @entity0 with @entity4 who wore an activity/lux monitor for 10-26 days and compared these patterns with those of six home-living healthy individuals of the same age group. In addition, rest-activity cycle data from previous studies of @entity0 with @entity2 were examined. INTERVENTIONS: None. RESULTS: The rest-activity cycle of @entity4 was remarkably well entrained, without the marked circadian and sleep disturbances found in @entity0 with @entity2 on the same ward. @entity4 had a >2 hour earlier bedtime and rest onset than healthy subjects and a 30-minute earlier wake-up time, resulting in longer nocturnal rest duration. The major difference was a greatly diminished daytime activity level and extremely low light exposure. CONCLUSION: A stably entrained, although low-amplitude and phase-advanced rest-activity cycle may reflect the different neuropathology of demented @entity0 with @entity4 compared with @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: The circadian rest-activity cycle in XXXX .

answer: @entity4