abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify regional ejection fraction (EF) in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) by using merged late @entity3 enhancement (LGE) and cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and compare this method with the standardized 17-segment American Heart Association approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After institutional review board approval and informed consent, 15 @entity1 @entity0 (14 @entity0 , one @entity0 ; mean age, 63 years +/- 10 [standard deviation]) were studied at 1 week and at 4 months after @entity1 . Short-axis LGE MR information was used to quantify @entity2 size, and to divide the left ventricle (LV) on short-axis cine MR images in @entity2 , periinfarct, and remote regions by using a fixed-center method, yielding information on regional volumes, regional EFs, systolic wall thickening (SWT), and systolic wall motion (SWM). This approach was compared with a floating-center approach and the 17-segment approach. RESULTS: Mean @entity2 size (normalized to LV mass) was 25% +/- 14 at 1 week and 16% +/- 8 at 4 months (P < .001). At 4 months, LV EF significantly improved (mean, 47.9% +/- 5.9 vs 50.9% +/- 6.6, P = .031), matching an improvement of regional EF (mean, 17.1% +/- 11.5 vs 24.6% +/- 13.1, P = .005) and SWM (mean, 3.2 mm +/- 1.7 vs 3.9 mm +/- 2.1, P = .027) in the @entity2 . No significant changes in regional EF, SWT, or SWM occurred in the remote myocardium. Regional EF estimates correlated well with SWT and SWM (both r = 0.92, P < .001). The floating-center method invariably underestimated regional EF (mean, -20.8% +/- 7.6; 95% confidence interval: -23.7%, -17.9%), especially with increasing @entity2 size. By using the 17-segment approach, no functional improvement was shown in the @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Assessment of regional ventricular performance (regional EF) in well-defined areas (eg, @entity2 ) is feasible by using merged LGE and cine MR imaging.

title: Determination of regional ejection fraction in @entity0 with @entity1 by using merged late XXXX enhancement and cine MR: feasibility study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify regional ejection fraction (EF) in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) by using merged late @entity3 enhancement (LGE) and cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and compare this method with the standardized 17-segment American Heart Association approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After institutional review board approval and informed consent, 15 @entity1 @entity0 (14 @entity0 , one @entity0 ; mean age, 63 years +/- 10 [standard deviation]) were studied at 1 week and at 4 months after @entity1 . Short-axis LGE MR information was used to quantify @entity2 size, and to divide the left ventricle (LV) on short-axis cine MR images in @entity2 , periinfarct, and remote regions by using a fixed-center method, yielding information on regional volumes, regional EFs, systolic wall thickening (SWT), and systolic wall motion (SWM). This approach was compared with a floating-center approach and the 17-segment approach. RESULTS: Mean @entity2 size (normalized to LV mass) was 25% +/- 14 at 1 week and 16% +/- 8 at 4 months (P < .001). At 4 months, LV EF significantly improved (mean, 47.9% +/- 5.9 vs 50.9% +/- 6.6, P = .031), matching an improvement of regional EF (mean, 17.1% +/- 11.5 vs 24.6% +/- 13.1, P = .005) and SWM (mean, 3.2 mm +/- 1.7 vs 3.9 mm +/- 2.1, P = .027) in the @entity2 . No significant changes in regional EF, SWT, or SWM occurred in the remote myocardium. Regional EF estimates correlated well with SWT and SWM (both r = 0.92, P < .001). The floating-center method invariably underestimated regional EF (mean, -20.8% +/- 7.6; 95% confidence interval: -23.7%, -17.9%), especially with increasing @entity2 size. By using the 17-segment approach, no functional improvement was shown in the @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Assessment of regional ventricular performance (regional EF) in well-defined areas (eg, @entity2 ) is feasible by using merged LGE and cine MR imaging.

title: Determination of regional ejection fraction in @entity0 with XXXX by using merged late @entity3 enhancement and cine MR: feasibility study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify regional ejection fraction (EF) in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) by using merged late @entity3 enhancement (LGE) and cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and compare this method with the standardized 17-segment American Heart Association approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After institutional review board approval and informed consent, 15 @entity1 @entity0 (14 @entity0 , one @entity0 ; mean age, 63 years +/- 10 [standard deviation]) were studied at 1 week and at 4 months after @entity1 . Short-axis LGE MR information was used to quantify @entity2 size, and to divide the left ventricle (LV) on short-axis cine MR images in @entity2 , periinfarct, and remote regions by using a fixed-center method, yielding information on regional volumes, regional EFs, systolic wall thickening (SWT), and systolic wall motion (SWM). This approach was compared with a floating-center approach and the 17-segment approach. RESULTS: Mean @entity2 size (normalized to LV mass) was 25% +/- 14 at 1 week and 16% +/- 8 at 4 months (P < .001). At 4 months, LV EF significantly improved (mean, 47.9% +/- 5.9 vs 50.9% +/- 6.6, P = .031), matching an improvement of regional EF (mean, 17.1% +/- 11.5 vs 24.6% +/- 13.1, P = .005) and SWM (mean, 3.2 mm +/- 1.7 vs 3.9 mm +/- 2.1, P = .027) in the @entity2 . No significant changes in regional EF, SWT, or SWM occurred in the remote myocardium. Regional EF estimates correlated well with SWT and SWM (both r = 0.92, P < .001). The floating-center method invariably underestimated regional EF (mean, -20.8% +/- 7.6; 95% confidence interval: -23.7%, -17.9%), especially with increasing @entity2 size. By using the 17-segment approach, no functional improvement was shown in the @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Assessment of regional ventricular performance (regional EF) in well-defined areas (eg, @entity2 ) is feasible by using merged LGE and cine MR imaging.

title: Determination of regional ejection fraction in XXXX with @entity1 by using merged late @entity3 enhancement and cine MR: feasibility study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A target animal safety study investigated the effects of providing @entity3 ( @entity2 ) as a replacement for @entity1 in pelleted @entity0 feeds. Five groups of @entity0 were fed diets containing @entity1 at 68.9 micrograms/kg feed (control) or @entity2 at concentrations of 49.5 (0.5x), 99 (1x), 495 (5x) or 990 (10x) micrograms @entity2 /kg feed. The effects of @entity2 or @entity1 on performance, health, hematology, gross pathology and tissue concentrations of @entity2 in female and male @entity0 were compared at 112 days of feeding. There was no significant difference from control in pen body weight in any of the groups. When feed conversion was calculated without taking into account body weights of birds that died during the study, there was no significant difference from control in any of the groups. When feed conversion was corrected for mortality, the only significant effect was that females at the 5x level (495 micrograms @entity2 /kg feed) had improved feed conversion. Significantly increased mortality occurred during the study in the 10x (990 micrograms @entity2 /kg feed) male group only. No histomorphologic tissue alterations attributable to dietary administration of @entity2 were observed in tissues examined at any dietary level of @entity2 . @entity2 did not adversely affect animal health at the proposed use level of 99 micrograms/kg feed when replacing @entity1 in @entity0 rations. The proposed use level also provides at least a 5-fold margin of safety.

title: Safety of @entity3 as a source of @entity1 in XXXX rations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A target animal safety study investigated the effects of providing @entity3 ( @entity2 ) as a replacement for @entity1 in pelleted @entity0 feeds. Five groups of @entity0 were fed diets containing @entity1 at 68.9 micrograms/kg feed (control) or @entity2 at concentrations of 49.5 (0.5x), 99 (1x), 495 (5x) or 990 (10x) micrograms @entity2 /kg feed. The effects of @entity2 or @entity1 on performance, health, hematology, gross pathology and tissue concentrations of @entity2 in female and male @entity0 were compared at 112 days of feeding. There was no significant difference from control in pen body weight in any of the groups. When feed conversion was calculated without taking into account body weights of birds that died during the study, there was no significant difference from control in any of the groups. When feed conversion was corrected for mortality, the only significant effect was that females at the 5x level (495 micrograms @entity2 /kg feed) had improved feed conversion. Significantly increased mortality occurred during the study in the 10x (990 micrograms @entity2 /kg feed) male group only. No histomorphologic tissue alterations attributable to dietary administration of @entity2 were observed in tissues examined at any dietary level of @entity2 . @entity2 did not adversely affect animal health at the proposed use level of 99 micrograms/kg feed when replacing @entity1 in @entity0 rations. The proposed use level also provides at least a 5-fold margin of safety.

title: Safety of @entity3 as a source of XXXX in @entity0 rations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A target animal safety study investigated the effects of providing @entity3 ( @entity2 ) as a replacement for @entity1 in pelleted @entity0 feeds. Five groups of @entity0 were fed diets containing @entity1 at 68.9 micrograms/kg feed (control) or @entity2 at concentrations of 49.5 (0.5x), 99 (1x), 495 (5x) or 990 (10x) micrograms @entity2 /kg feed. The effects of @entity2 or @entity1 on performance, health, hematology, gross pathology and tissue concentrations of @entity2 in female and male @entity0 were compared at 112 days of feeding. There was no significant difference from control in pen body weight in any of the groups. When feed conversion was calculated without taking into account body weights of birds that died during the study, there was no significant difference from control in any of the groups. When feed conversion was corrected for mortality, the only significant effect was that females at the 5x level (495 micrograms @entity2 /kg feed) had improved feed conversion. Significantly increased mortality occurred during the study in the 10x (990 micrograms @entity2 /kg feed) male group only. No histomorphologic tissue alterations attributable to dietary administration of @entity2 were observed in tissues examined at any dietary level of @entity2 . @entity2 did not adversely affect animal health at the proposed use level of 99 micrograms/kg feed when replacing @entity1 in @entity0 rations. The proposed use level also provides at least a 5-fold margin of safety.

title: Safety of XXXX as a source of @entity1 in @entity0 rations.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Runoff with contaminated street dusts has an environmental risk to the aquatic environment. An assessment of the diffuse pollution of @entity0 ( @entity1 ) from a small town and their risks to the township stream network was conducted at Yangtze River delta. This assessment is based on measurements of 16 @entity1 from the US EPA priority list by GC-MS in stream water during rainy and dry season, street dusts with different particle sizes, river sediments and suspended solids of urban runoff. The maximum level of @entity1 in the stream water (2,323-4,948 ng L(-1)) were found during rainy season, while significantly lower @entity1 concentrations (242-998 ng L(-1)) were measured during dry season. The total @entity1 ranged from 1,629 to 8,986 microg kg(-1) in the street dusts. Approximately 55% of the total @entity1 were associated with street dust particles of diameters less than 250 microm and these accounted for 40% of the total. The town reaches sediments were rich in @entity1 and it was suggested as the sink of street dusts. The research findings suggested that size of street dusts, the topographical and hydrological features of the landscape in the stream network were the important factors influencing PAH emitted to the receiving water. The contribution of urban surface runoff could significantly influence @entity1 concentration in the stream water. To reduce the pollution of street dust into the stream network, the buffer zone along the hydrological pathway is suggested and the existing street cleaning methods should also be improved.

title: Runoff pollution impacts of XXXX in street dusts from a stream network town.

answer: @entity0


abstract: According to their fold, @entity3 -dependent enzymes are grouped into five superfamilies. Fold Type I easily comprises the largest and most investigated group. The enzymes of this group have very similar 3D structures. Remarkably, the location of the cofactor in the active site, between the two domains that form a single subunit, is almost identical in all members of the group. Nonetheless, Fold Type I enzymes show very little sequence identity, raising the question as to which structural features determine the common fold. An important fold determinant appears to be the presence of three evolutionarily conserved clusters of hydrophobic contacts. A previous investigation, which used @entity0 @entity1 hydroxymethyltransferase, a well characterized Fold Type I member, demonstrated the involvement of one of these clusters in the stability of the quaternary structure. The present study focuses on the role of the same cluster in the stability of the cofactor binding site. The investigation was carried out by equilibrium denaturation experiments on @entity1 hydroxymethyltransferase forms in which the hydrophobic contact area of the cluster under study was reduced by site-directed mutagenesis. The results obtained show that the mutations clearly affected the process of @entity3 dissociation induced by @entity2 , reducing the stability of the cofactor binding site. We suggest that the third cluster promotes the formation of a bridging structural region that stabilizes the overall protein structure by connecting the two domains, shaping the cofactor binding site and participating in the formation of the quaternary structure.

title: Structural stability of the cofactor binding site in XXXX @entity1 hydroxymethyltransferase--the role of evolutionarily conserved hydrophobic contacts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: According to their fold, @entity3 -dependent enzymes are grouped into five superfamilies. Fold Type I easily comprises the largest and most investigated group. The enzymes of this group have very similar 3D structures. Remarkably, the location of the cofactor in the active site, between the two domains that form a single subunit, is almost identical in all members of the group. Nonetheless, Fold Type I enzymes show very little sequence identity, raising the question as to which structural features determine the common fold. An important fold determinant appears to be the presence of three evolutionarily conserved clusters of hydrophobic contacts. A previous investigation, which used @entity0 @entity1 hydroxymethyltransferase, a well characterized Fold Type I member, demonstrated the involvement of one of these clusters in the stability of the quaternary structure. The present study focuses on the role of the same cluster in the stability of the cofactor binding site. The investigation was carried out by equilibrium denaturation experiments on @entity1 hydroxymethyltransferase forms in which the hydrophobic contact area of the cluster under study was reduced by site-directed mutagenesis. The results obtained show that the mutations clearly affected the process of @entity3 dissociation induced by @entity2 , reducing the stability of the cofactor binding site. We suggest that the third cluster promotes the formation of a bridging structural region that stabilizes the overall protein structure by connecting the two domains, shaping the cofactor binding site and participating in the formation of the quaternary structure.

title: Structural stability of the cofactor binding site in @entity0 XXXX hydroxymethyltransferase--the role of evolutionarily conserved hydrophobic contacts.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Wild @entity2 Papio cynocephalus ursinus, give tonal, harmonically rich vocalizations, termed grunts, in at least two distinct, behavioural contexts: when about to embark on a move across an open area ('move' grunts); and when approaching mothers and attempting to inspect or handle their young @entity0 (' @entity0 ' grunts). Grunts in these two contexts elicit different responses from receivers and appear to be acoustically distinct (Owren et al. 1997 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America101 2951-2963). Differences in responses to grunts in the two contexts may, then, be due to acoustic differences, reflecting at least a rudimentary capacity for referential signalling. Alternatively, responses may differ simply due to differences in the contexts in which the grunts are being produced. We conducted playback experiments to test between these hypotheses. Experiments were designed to control systematically the effects of both context and acoustic features so as to evaluate the role of each in determining responses to grunts. In playback trials, subjects differentiated between putative move and @entity0 grunts. Their responses based only on the acoustic features of grunts were functionally distinct and mirrored their behaviour to naturally occurring move and @entity0 grunts. However, subjects' responses were in some cases also affected by the context in which grunts were presented, and by an interaction between the context and the acoustic features of the grunts. Furthermore, responses to grunts were affected by the relative rank difference between the caller and the subject. These results indicate that @entity1 grunts can function in rudimentary referential fashion, but that the context in which grunts are produced and the social identity of callers can also affect recipients' responses. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

title: The meaning and function of grunt variants in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Cultured cells were grown in various concentrations of @entity1 for periods up to 3 days and the characteristics of the @entity3 transport system measured under fixed experimental conditions. During this time, the effect of enucleation, using cytochalasin B, and the effects of protein synthesis inhibitors ( @entity2 and @entity4 ) were investigated. 2. @entity3 influx is regulated by the prior growth concentration of similarly transported @entity1 . 3. The modification in transport involves primarily a change in Vmax (but also a change in Km in HeLa cells) and is effected within 2-10 hr after media change. Increased transport activity is calculated to be sufficient to compensate for the reduction in extracellular @entity0 concentration, so that nearly normal influx values from media are maintained. Regulation over the range of concentrations studied is shown to be very accurate. 4. The nucleus is essential for the regulatory mechanism to function. It seems probable that mRNA synthesis is required for acquisition of increased transport activity and mRNA translation required for maintenance of normal activity. 5. The controlling factor in the regulatory mechanism appears unlikely to be intracellular pool size. Other possible signals are discussed.

title: Evidence for genetic control of @entity3 uptake in cultured cells, regulated by the XXXX concentration of the growth medium.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. Cultured cells were grown in various concentrations of @entity1 for periods up to 3 days and the characteristics of the @entity3 transport system measured under fixed experimental conditions. During this time, the effect of enucleation, using cytochalasin B, and the effects of protein synthesis inhibitors ( @entity2 and @entity4 ) were investigated. 2. @entity3 influx is regulated by the prior growth concentration of similarly transported @entity1 . 3. The modification in transport involves primarily a change in Vmax (but also a change in Km in HeLa cells) and is effected within 2-10 hr after media change. Increased transport activity is calculated to be sufficient to compensate for the reduction in extracellular @entity0 concentration, so that nearly normal influx values from media are maintained. Regulation over the range of concentrations studied is shown to be very accurate. 4. The nucleus is essential for the regulatory mechanism to function. It seems probable that mRNA synthesis is required for acquisition of increased transport activity and mRNA translation required for maintenance of normal activity. 5. The controlling factor in the regulatory mechanism appears unlikely to be intracellular pool size. Other possible signals are discussed.

title: Evidence for genetic control of XXXX uptake in cultured cells, regulated by the @entity0 concentration of the growth medium.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Very little is known about the response rates to or appropriateness of treatment for @entity0 with @entity3 . This study assessed the effect of antifungal therapy in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 33 adult @entity0 who fulfilled the criteria for either @entity4 (n = 22) or @entity5 (n = 11) was conducted. All @entity0 had received antifungal therapy for at least 6 months. The primary study end point was the effect of antifungal therapy on @entity0 ' lung function. RESULTS: Overall, total IgE values and radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for A. fumigatus markedly decreased after 6 months of therapy in both @entity4 and @entity5 @entity0 (P = 0.004 and P = 0.005, respectively). Reduction was seen in the eosinophil count (P = 0.037), dose of oral @entity1 (P = 0.043) and courses of systemic @entity1 required (P = 0.041). Lung function also improved (P = 0.016). Four of 10 @entity0 discontinued oral @entity1 after 6 months of therapy. Reduction in IgE levels (P = 0.015) and RAST for A. fumigatus was also observed (P = 0.006) for those @entity0 treated for at least 1 year with antifungal drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity5 and @entity4 @entity0 benefited from oral antifungal therapy. The antifungal therapy may act by reducing the antigenic load, interacting with @entity2 or by a direct immunological effect.

title: The effects of antifungal therapy on XXXX and @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Very little is known about the response rates to or appropriateness of treatment for @entity0 with @entity3 . This study assessed the effect of antifungal therapy in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 33 adult @entity0 who fulfilled the criteria for either @entity4 (n = 22) or @entity5 (n = 11) was conducted. All @entity0 had received antifungal therapy for at least 6 months. The primary study end point was the effect of antifungal therapy on @entity0 ' lung function. RESULTS: Overall, total IgE values and radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for A. fumigatus markedly decreased after 6 months of therapy in both @entity4 and @entity5 @entity0 (P = 0.004 and P = 0.005, respectively). Reduction was seen in the eosinophil count (P = 0.037), dose of oral @entity1 (P = 0.043) and courses of systemic @entity1 required (P = 0.041). Lung function also improved (P = 0.016). Four of 10 @entity0 discontinued oral @entity1 after 6 months of therapy. Reduction in IgE levels (P = 0.015) and RAST for A. fumigatus was also observed (P = 0.006) for those @entity0 treated for at least 1 year with antifungal drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity5 and @entity4 @entity0 benefited from oral antifungal therapy. The antifungal therapy may act by reducing the antigenic load, interacting with @entity2 or by a direct immunological effect.

title: The effects of antifungal therapy on @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Dilution refolding of consensus interferon (C-IFN) had a limit on final concentration not exceeding 0.1 mg ml(-1) in order to achieve specific activity of 2.2x10(8) U mg(-1). Addition of @entity0 ( @entity1 ) only gave a marginal improvement on the specific activity. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) was tried but a simple step-wise elution could not refold the protein. Successful refolding was achieved by gradient elution with the decreasing of @entity2 ( @entity2 - @entity3 ) concentration. The column was packed with a commercially available HIC medium that was designed for protein separation. @entity0 was found to possess better effect on the column than in the dilution for promotion of correct refolding, especially in gradient mode. A novel dual-gradient strategy, consisting of decreasing @entity2 - @entity3 concentration and increasing @entity1 concentration, was developed to enhance the refolding yield. Denatured C-IFN was allowed to adsorb and elute from the HIC column through a gradually changed solution environment. Compared with dilution refolding, the gradient HIC process, in the presence of @entity1 , gave about 2.6-folds of increase in specific activity, 30% increase in soluble protein recovery. Partial purification was also achieved simultaneously.

title: On-column refolding of consensus interferon at high concentration with XXXX and @entity0 gradients.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Dilution refolding of consensus interferon (C-IFN) had a limit on final concentration not exceeding 0.1 mg ml(-1) in order to achieve specific activity of 2.2x10(8) U mg(-1). Addition of @entity0 ( @entity1 ) only gave a marginal improvement on the specific activity. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) was tried but a simple step-wise elution could not refold the protein. Successful refolding was achieved by gradient elution with the decreasing of @entity2 ( @entity2 - @entity3 ) concentration. The column was packed with a commercially available HIC medium that was designed for protein separation. @entity0 was found to possess better effect on the column than in the dilution for promotion of correct refolding, especially in gradient mode. A novel dual-gradient strategy, consisting of decreasing @entity2 - @entity3 concentration and increasing @entity1 concentration, was developed to enhance the refolding yield. Denatured C-IFN was allowed to adsorb and elute from the HIC column through a gradually changed solution environment. Compared with dilution refolding, the gradient HIC process, in the presence of @entity1 , gave about 2.6-folds of increase in specific activity, 30% increase in soluble protein recovery. Partial purification was also achieved simultaneously.

title: On-column refolding of consensus interferon at high concentration with @entity2 and XXXX gradients.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In 1952, Copenhagen was confronted with a @entity5 epidemic that involved the respiratory musculature in large numbers of @entity0 . The anaesthetist B. Ibsen, who established @entity3 intoxication due to severe @entity4 as the cause of @entity2 , proposed that the @entity0 be treated by tracheostomy and positive pressure respiration in order to achieve better ventilation than with an @entity1 lung. In the Netherlands, it was decided to organise the control ofthe epidemics on a nationwide basis. Various hospitals were asked to set up artificial respiration centres. In addition, the Beatrix Fund was set up in order to collect money for combating @entity5 . The epidemic reached the Netherlands in 1956. In Groningen University Medical Centre, 74 @entity0 were admitted, of whom 36 had to be ventilated. In two cases, the mechanical ventilation could not be stopped and one of these was ultimately discharged home with chronic ventilation in 1960, thus becoming the first @entity0 in the Netherlands to be given mechanical ventilation at home. The mechanical ventilation centres developed into the intensive care units as we know them today. Most of the forms of treatment now in use are based on the techniques thought up and elaborated by the pioneers working in the mechanical ventilation centres. The latest development in this series is the development of centres for home mechanical ventilation.

title: [From the XXXX epidemic to the founding of artificial respiration centres, intensive care units and centres for home mechanical ventilation].

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 is a rare clinical entity involving @entity3 . Obstruction occurs secondary to compression of the left common iliac vein between the right common iliac artery and the underlying vertebral body. Current management largely involves endovascular therapy. A review was conducted of six studies containing at least five @entity0 with @entity5 treated by endovascular therapy. We compiled data on 113 @entity0 , analyzing @entity0 demographics, treatment details, and outcome. An 18-year-old female presented 1 week after the onset of left lower extremity @entity2 and @entity1 . Duplex ultrasonography revealed extensive left-sided @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Thrombolysis followed by iliac vein stent placement restored patency to the venous system, with subsequent resolution of symptoms. Review of 113 @entity0 revealed that the majority were females (72%) presenting with @entity4 (77%), most of which was acute in onset (73%). Therapy consisted of catheter-directed thrombolysis and subsequent stent placement in the majority of @entity0 , resulting in a mean technical success of 95% and a mean 1-year patency of 96%. Endovascular therapy is the current mainstay of treatment for @entity5 . Review of the current literature supports treatment via catheter-directed thrombolysis followed by stent placement with good early results.

title: XXXX : case report and review of the literature involving modern endovascular therapy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In North Carolina, @entity2 spotted wilt tospovirus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, @entity3 ) is vectored primarily by the @entity1 thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). @entity3 overwinters in winter annual weeds from which it is spread to susceptible crops in spring. Because most susceptible crops are destroyed after harvest before winter weeds emerge in the fall, infected summer weeds are thought to be the principal source for spread of @entity3 to winter annual weeds in fall. A survey of summer weeds associated with @entity3 -susceptible crops in the coastal plain of North Carolina conducted between May and October revealed that relatively few species were commonly infected with @entity3 and supported populations of F. fusca or F. occidentalis. F. occidentalis made up > 75% of vector species collected from 15 summer weed species during 2002. The number of F. occidentalis and F. fusca immatures collected from plant samples varied significantly among plant species. @entity4 , Mollugo verticillata L., Cassia obtusifolia L., and Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats supported the largest numbers of immature F. occidentalis. Richardia scabra L., @entity5 , and Ipomoea hederacea (L.) supported the largest numbers of F. fusca immatures. @entity3 was present at 16 of 17 locations, and naturally occurring @entity0 were found in 14 of 29 weed species tested. Five of the @entity3 -infected species have not previously been reported as hosts of @entity3 (A. palmeri, Solidago altissima L., Ipomoea lacunosa L., @entity4 , and Phytolacca americana L.). Estimated rates of @entity0 were highest in @entity4 (6.8%), @entity5 (5.3%), and I. hederacea (1.9%). When both the incidence of @entity0 by @entity3 and the populations of F. occidentalis and F. fusca associated with each weed species are considered, the following summer weed species have the potential to act as significant sources for spread of @entity3 to winter annual weeds in fall: @entity4 , I. hederacea, @entity5 , A. palmeri, C. obtusifolia, R. scabra, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Polygonum pensylvanicum L., and Chenopodium album L.

title: Summer weeds as hosts for Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella fusca (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and as reservoirs for XXXX spotted wilt Tospovirus in North Carolina.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) has been evaluated for the treatment of nail bed injuries in adults. We propose to validate this technique in a continuous paediatric population of 30 @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 with nail bed injuries associated with displaced @entity2 of the distal phalanx were excluded from the study. However, parcellar @entity2 of the tuft were included. After removal of the nail, wound detersion and anatomic positioning of the nail bed was done and maintained under the nail plate using a single dose of @entity6 . Follow-up evaluation was done at day 7 and 1 and 3  months. RESULTS: The mean delay between the @entity1 and the surgery was 13.5  h. The nail bed lesion was a single transversal wound in 27 cases. A pulpar wound was associated in 22 cases. At 3 months control (final follow-up), no @entity3 was noted. The cosmetic result was excellent for the @entity0 and his family in 30 out of 31 cases. It was excellent for the surgeon in 25 cases and good in six cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity6 technique, meticulous primary detersion and exact anatomic positioning of the damaged nail bed is mandatory before applying the @entity4 adhesive. In our experience, we found that the @entity6 technique provided a fast and safe result in nail bed lesions. The final cosmetic appearance, function and @entity0 satisfaction were good in our series. In these lesions, discomfort and inconvenience associated with suture removal could be avoided by the use of @entity6 .

title: The use of XXXX ( @entity5 (  )) for the treatment of nail bed injuries in @entity0 : results of a prospective series of 30 @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) has been evaluated for the treatment of nail bed injuries in adults. We propose to validate this technique in a continuous paediatric population of 30 @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 with nail bed injuries associated with displaced @entity2 of the distal phalanx were excluded from the study. However, parcellar @entity2 of the tuft were included. After removal of the nail, wound detersion and anatomic positioning of the nail bed was done and maintained under the nail plate using a single dose of @entity6 . Follow-up evaluation was done at day 7 and 1 and 3  months. RESULTS: The mean delay between the @entity1 and the surgery was 13.5  h. The nail bed lesion was a single transversal wound in 27 cases. A pulpar wound was associated in 22 cases. At 3 months control (final follow-up), no @entity3 was noted. The cosmetic result was excellent for the @entity0 and his family in 30 out of 31 cases. It was excellent for the surgeon in 25 cases and good in six cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity6 technique, meticulous primary detersion and exact anatomic positioning of the damaged nail bed is mandatory before applying the @entity4 adhesive. In our experience, we found that the @entity6 technique provided a fast and safe result in nail bed lesions. The final cosmetic appearance, function and @entity0 satisfaction were good in our series. In these lesions, discomfort and inconvenience associated with suture removal could be avoided by the use of @entity6 .

title: The use of @entity5 ( XXXX (  )) for the treatment of nail bed injuries in @entity0 : results of a prospective series of 30 @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) has been evaluated for the treatment of nail bed injuries in adults. We propose to validate this technique in a continuous paediatric population of 30 @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 with nail bed injuries associated with displaced @entity2 of the distal phalanx were excluded from the study. However, parcellar @entity2 of the tuft were included. After removal of the nail, wound detersion and anatomic positioning of the nail bed was done and maintained under the nail plate using a single dose of @entity6 . Follow-up evaluation was done at day 7 and 1 and 3  months. RESULTS: The mean delay between the @entity1 and the surgery was 13.5  h. The nail bed lesion was a single transversal wound in 27 cases. A pulpar wound was associated in 22 cases. At 3 months control (final follow-up), no @entity3 was noted. The cosmetic result was excellent for the @entity0 and his family in 30 out of 31 cases. It was excellent for the surgeon in 25 cases and good in six cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity6 technique, meticulous primary detersion and exact anatomic positioning of the damaged nail bed is mandatory before applying the @entity4 adhesive. In our experience, we found that the @entity6 technique provided a fast and safe result in nail bed lesions. The final cosmetic appearance, function and @entity0 satisfaction were good in our series. In these lesions, discomfort and inconvenience associated with suture removal could be avoided by the use of @entity6 .

title: The use of @entity5 ( @entity5 (  )) for the treatment of nail bed injuries in XXXX : results of a prospective series of 30 @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) has been evaluated for the treatment of nail bed injuries in adults. We propose to validate this technique in a continuous paediatric population of 30 @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 with nail bed injuries associated with displaced @entity2 of the distal phalanx were excluded from the study. However, parcellar @entity2 of the tuft were included. After removal of the nail, wound detersion and anatomic positioning of the nail bed was done and maintained under the nail plate using a single dose of @entity6 . Follow-up evaluation was done at day 7 and 1 and 3  months. RESULTS: The mean delay between the @entity1 and the surgery was 13.5  h. The nail bed lesion was a single transversal wound in 27 cases. A pulpar wound was associated in 22 cases. At 3 months control (final follow-up), no @entity3 was noted. The cosmetic result was excellent for the @entity0 and his family in 30 out of 31 cases. It was excellent for the surgeon in 25 cases and good in six cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity6 technique, meticulous primary detersion and exact anatomic positioning of the damaged nail bed is mandatory before applying the @entity4 adhesive. In our experience, we found that the @entity6 technique provided a fast and safe result in nail bed lesions. The final cosmetic appearance, function and @entity0 satisfaction were good in our series. In these lesions, discomfort and inconvenience associated with suture removal could be avoided by the use of @entity6 .

title: The use of @entity5 ( @entity5 (  )) for the treatment of nail bed injuries in @entity0 : results of a prospective series of 30 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether @entity2 are best surgically managed by pancreaticoduodenectomy versus local ampullectomy is controversial. We sought to examine the outcome of @entity0 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy versus ampullectomy, as well as to identify factors predictive of lymph node @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Between 1970 and 2007, 450 @entity0 who underwent surgical resection of ampullary @entity4 or @entity3 were identified from a prospective, single-institution database. Data on clinicopathologic factors, morbidity, mortality, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: The initial surgical procedure was pancreaticoduodenectomy in 96.7% @entity0 and ampullectomy in 3.3%. Final diagnosis was invasive @entity3 (77.1%) or @entity4 (22.9%). Median @entity2 size was similar for @entity4 associated with an @entity3 (2.5 cm) versus @entity4 without @entity1 (2.9 cm; P=0.71). Morbidity was comparable with pancreaticoduodenectomy (52.2%) versus ampullectomy (33.3%; P=0.15), as was 30-day mortality (pancreaticoduodenectomy, 2.1% versus ampullectomy, 0%; P=0.6). @entity1 to regional lymph nodes was present in 54.5% @entity0 with @entity3 . Factors associated with presence of lymph node @entity1 included @entity2 size > or = 1 cm ( @entity6 ), poor histologicgrade (OR 4.8), perineural invasion (OR 3.0), microscopic vessel invasion ( @entity7 ), and depth of invasion > @entity5 (OR 4.3; all P<0.05). Specifically, risk of lymph node @entity1 increased with T stage (T1, 28.0%; T2, 50.9%; T3, 71.7%; T4, 77.3%; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: When surgery is indicated, radical resection is required for early invasive @entity3 of the ampulla of Vater, as lymph node @entity1 are present in nearly 30% of @entity0 with T1 disease. Pancreaticoduodenectomy should be the preferred approach for most @entity2 that require surgical resection.

title: Clinicopathologic analysis of XXXX in 450 @entity0 : implications for surgical strategy and long-term prognosis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether @entity2 are best surgically managed by pancreaticoduodenectomy versus local ampullectomy is controversial. We sought to examine the outcome of @entity0 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy versus ampullectomy, as well as to identify factors predictive of lymph node @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Between 1970 and 2007, 450 @entity0 who underwent surgical resection of ampullary @entity4 or @entity3 were identified from a prospective, single-institution database. Data on clinicopathologic factors, morbidity, mortality, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: The initial surgical procedure was pancreaticoduodenectomy in 96.7% @entity0 and ampullectomy in 3.3%. Final diagnosis was invasive @entity3 (77.1%) or @entity4 (22.9%). Median @entity2 size was similar for @entity4 associated with an @entity3 (2.5 cm) versus @entity4 without @entity1 (2.9 cm; P=0.71). Morbidity was comparable with pancreaticoduodenectomy (52.2%) versus ampullectomy (33.3%; P=0.15), as was 30-day mortality (pancreaticoduodenectomy, 2.1% versus ampullectomy, 0%; P=0.6). @entity1 to regional lymph nodes was present in 54.5% @entity0 with @entity3 . Factors associated with presence of lymph node @entity1 included @entity2 size > or = 1 cm ( @entity6 ), poor histologicgrade (OR 4.8), perineural invasion (OR 3.0), microscopic vessel invasion ( @entity7 ), and depth of invasion > @entity5 (OR 4.3; all P<0.05). Specifically, risk of lymph node @entity1 increased with T stage (T1, 28.0%; T2, 50.9%; T3, 71.7%; T4, 77.3%; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: When surgery is indicated, radical resection is required for early invasive @entity3 of the ampulla of Vater, as lymph node @entity1 are present in nearly 30% of @entity0 with T1 disease. Pancreaticoduodenectomy should be the preferred approach for most @entity2 that require surgical resection.

title: Clinicopathologic analysis of @entity2 in 450 XXXX : implications for surgical strategy and long-term prognosis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Oxidative stress and LDL modification (oxLDL) are early pro-atherogenic events. OxLDL binds @entity7 producing immunogenic oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes. Antibodies to these complexes have been associated with arterial @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Circulating oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes, IgG and IgM antibodies to these complexes were measured by ELISA in 30 @entity5 @entity0 asymptomatic for @entity1 (mean age 31 years) and 27 age/sex matched healthy controls. Carotid @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was measured by ultrasound in all @entity0 and controls. Forty-seven percent of @entity5 presented plaques (median @entity2 of 0.65 +/- 0.12 mm) while only 7% of the controls had plaques (median @entity2 of 0.50 +/- 0.04 mm, P < 0.001). Median optical density (OD450nm) for oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes in @entity5 was 0.244 +/- 0.07, higher than controls (0.174 +/- 0.09, P < 0.001). Median OD for IgG anti-oxLDL/ @entity7 antibodies was also higher in @entity5 (0.297 +/- 0.26) compared to controls (0.194 +/- 0.07, P < 0.001) while the median OD for IgM antibodies in @entity5 (0.444 +/- 0.46) was not different than controls (0.326 +/- 0.22, P = 0.267). There was no correlation between @entity2 and oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes, IgG or IgM antibodies, possibly reflecting the complex interrelationship between these serologic elements and tissue factors in the arterial wall. These results support the hypothesis that oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes and IgG (not IgM) anti-oxLDL/ @entity7 antibodies contribute to the development of autoimmune-mediated @entity4 .

title: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and beta2-glycoprotein I in @entity0 with @entity5 and increased carotid XXXX : implications in autoimmune-mediated @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Oxidative stress and LDL modification (oxLDL) are early pro-atherogenic events. OxLDL binds @entity7 producing immunogenic oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes. Antibodies to these complexes have been associated with arterial @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Circulating oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes, IgG and IgM antibodies to these complexes were measured by ELISA in 30 @entity5 @entity0 asymptomatic for @entity1 (mean age 31 years) and 27 age/sex matched healthy controls. Carotid @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was measured by ultrasound in all @entity0 and controls. Forty-seven percent of @entity5 presented plaques (median @entity2 of 0.65 +/- 0.12 mm) while only 7% of the controls had plaques (median @entity2 of 0.50 +/- 0.04 mm, P < 0.001). Median optical density (OD450nm) for oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes in @entity5 was 0.244 +/- 0.07, higher than controls (0.174 +/- 0.09, P < 0.001). Median OD for IgG anti-oxLDL/ @entity7 antibodies was also higher in @entity5 (0.297 +/- 0.26) compared to controls (0.194 +/- 0.07, P < 0.001) while the median OD for IgM antibodies in @entity5 (0.444 +/- 0.46) was not different than controls (0.326 +/- 0.22, P = 0.267). There was no correlation between @entity2 and oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes, IgG or IgM antibodies, possibly reflecting the complex interrelationship between these serologic elements and tissue factors in the arterial wall. These results support the hypothesis that oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes and IgG (not IgM) anti-oxLDL/ @entity7 antibodies contribute to the development of autoimmune-mediated @entity4 .

title: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and beta2-glycoprotein I in @entity0 with XXXX and increased carotid @entity2 : implications in autoimmune-mediated @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Oxidative stress and LDL modification (oxLDL) are early pro-atherogenic events. OxLDL binds @entity7 producing immunogenic oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes. Antibodies to these complexes have been associated with arterial @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Circulating oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes, IgG and IgM antibodies to these complexes were measured by ELISA in 30 @entity5 @entity0 asymptomatic for @entity1 (mean age 31 years) and 27 age/sex matched healthy controls. Carotid @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was measured by ultrasound in all @entity0 and controls. Forty-seven percent of @entity5 presented plaques (median @entity2 of 0.65 +/- 0.12 mm) while only 7% of the controls had plaques (median @entity2 of 0.50 +/- 0.04 mm, P < 0.001). Median optical density (OD450nm) for oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes in @entity5 was 0.244 +/- 0.07, higher than controls (0.174 +/- 0.09, P < 0.001). Median OD for IgG anti-oxLDL/ @entity7 antibodies was also higher in @entity5 (0.297 +/- 0.26) compared to controls (0.194 +/- 0.07, P < 0.001) while the median OD for IgM antibodies in @entity5 (0.444 +/- 0.46) was not different than controls (0.326 +/- 0.22, P = 0.267). There was no correlation between @entity2 and oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes, IgG or IgM antibodies, possibly reflecting the complex interrelationship between these serologic elements and tissue factors in the arterial wall. These results support the hypothesis that oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes and IgG (not IgM) anti-oxLDL/ @entity7 antibodies contribute to the development of autoimmune-mediated @entity4 .

title: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and beta2-glycoprotein I in @entity0 with @entity5 and increased carotid @entity2 : implications in autoimmune-mediated XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Oxidative stress and LDL modification (oxLDL) are early pro-atherogenic events. OxLDL binds @entity7 producing immunogenic oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes. Antibodies to these complexes have been associated with arterial @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Circulating oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes, IgG and IgM antibodies to these complexes were measured by ELISA in 30 @entity5 @entity0 asymptomatic for @entity1 (mean age 31 years) and 27 age/sex matched healthy controls. Carotid @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was measured by ultrasound in all @entity0 and controls. Forty-seven percent of @entity5 presented plaques (median @entity2 of 0.65 +/- 0.12 mm) while only 7% of the controls had plaques (median @entity2 of 0.50 +/- 0.04 mm, P < 0.001). Median optical density (OD450nm) for oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes in @entity5 was 0.244 +/- 0.07, higher than controls (0.174 +/- 0.09, P < 0.001). Median OD for IgG anti-oxLDL/ @entity7 antibodies was also higher in @entity5 (0.297 +/- 0.26) compared to controls (0.194 +/- 0.07, P < 0.001) while the median OD for IgM antibodies in @entity5 (0.444 +/- 0.46) was not different than controls (0.326 +/- 0.22, P = 0.267). There was no correlation between @entity2 and oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes, IgG or IgM antibodies, possibly reflecting the complex interrelationship between these serologic elements and tissue factors in the arterial wall. These results support the hypothesis that oxLDL/ @entity7 complexes and IgG (not IgM) anti-oxLDL/ @entity7 antibodies contribute to the development of autoimmune-mediated @entity4 .

title: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and beta2-glycoprotein I in XXXX with @entity5 and increased carotid @entity2 : implications in autoimmune-mediated @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECT: The aim of this study was to evaluate conservative medical management of 44 @entity0 with @entity6 . The prognostic significance of various clinical, radiological, and long-term follow-up findings in these @entity0 was also evaluated. METHODS: Between January 1990 and January 2005 data were collected prospectively at the authors' clinic in 44 @entity0 with @entity6 in the thoracic or lumbar spine. These @entity0 had no major @entity1 or severe @entity2 . The study population consisted of 21 male (48%) and 23 female (52%) @entity0 , with a mean age of 42.1 years (range 10-70 years). The most common region of @entity6 was the thoracolumbar junction (18 cases; 41%), followed by the thoracic (16 cases; 36%) and lumbar (10 cases; 23%) regions. All @entity0 presented with abscesses. With the exception of two cases, all had kyphotic angles smaller than 30 degrees. At presentation, 20 @entity0 had neurological signs of @entity5 during clinical examination. Both clinical and biopsy findings were used in all cases for diagnosis. A diagnosis was confirmed by a positive biopsy specimen culture in 19 (43.2%) of 44 cases, and histopathological findings were compatible with the results of these cultures in all cases. All @entity0 were treated with antituberculous chemotherapy, and the diseases in only two (4.5%) was resistant to the regimen. An independent observer assessed the clinical and imaging findings after a mean follow-up duration of 40 months. Forty-two (95.4%) of the 44 @entity0 were successfully treated with conservative medical management and attained acceptable spinal deformity angles, and none of these @entity0 had any residual instability, @entity3 , or neurological compromise. Only 4.5% of the @entity0 experienced residual @entity2 (as much as a 30 degrees kyphotic angle), which was clinically obvious but biomechanically stable. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity6 in the lumbar or thoracic region, without @entity1 or @entity4 , can be treated conservatively in the vast majority of cases. Indications for surgery need to be redefined given these new data.

title: Medical management of XXXX in the thoracic and lumbar spine: a prospective clinical study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Distinct MAP kinase pathways in @entity0 share several signaling components , including the PAK Ste20 and the MAPKKK @entity3 , yet signaling is specific. Mating pheromones trigger an initial step in which Ste20 activates @entity3 , and this requires plasma membrane recruitment of the MAP kinase cascade scaffold protein, @entity1 . Here, we demonstrate an additional role for @entity1 membrane localization. Once @entity3 is activated, signaling through the mating pathway remains minimal but is substantially amplified when @entity1 is recruited to the membrane either by the Gbetagamma dimer or by direct membrane targeting, even to internal membranes. @entity3 signaling is also amplified by @entity1 oligomerization and by a hyperactivating mutation in the @entity4 binding region of @entity1 . We suggest a model in which membrane recruitment of @entity1 concentrates its binding partners and thereby amplifies signaling through the kinase cascade. We find similar behavior in the osmotically responsive HOG pathway. Remarkably, while both @entity2 and hyperosmotic stimuli amplify signaling from constitutively active @entity3 , the resulting signaling output remains pathway specific. These findings suggest a common mode of regulation in which pathway stimuli both initiate and amplify MAP kinase cascade signaling. The regulation of rate-limiting steps that lie after a branchpoint from shared components helps ensure signaling specificity.

title: Dual role for membrane localization in XXXX MAP kinase cascade activation and its contribution to signaling fidelity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of reducing the hyperopic correction on the state of binocular accommodative response in fully accommodative @entity3 and to determine the "comfortable" amount of reduction in hyperopic correction. DESIGN: A cohort study. METHODS: Hyperopic corrections of @entity0 with a baseline @entity1 of +1.50 to +5.0 diopters were gradually reduced in 0.50-diopter increments. Binocular accommodative ability was assessed by dynamic retinoscopy (monocular estimate method). Similar binocular accommodative responses were ascertained among @entity0 with a baseline hyperopic correction of < or =3.0 of @entity2 and >3.0 of @entity2 , and @entity0 were divided into two groups, group 1 (13 @entity0 ) and group 2 (18 @entity0 ), accordingly. RESULTS: After a reduction of 2.0 diopters in group 1 and 1.0 diopter in group 2, there was a decrease in accommodative response initially in the nondominant eye, accompanied by the dominant eye with a further reduction of 0.50 diopter. To overcome the bilateral accommodative lag, a reinstatement of a 0.50-diopter stronger hyperopic correction was required. @entity0 in group 1 tolerated a mean undercorrection of 2.37 diopters, and 77% were weaned from their spectacles. All of the @entity0 in group 2 were dependent upon spectacles at the completion of the study period. The final spectacle worn was a median of -1.67 diopters less than their full cycloplegic refraction. CONCLUSIONS: A complete binocular accommodative ability seems to be a prerequisite for the establishment of "comfortable" hyperopic undercorrections. It does not seem to be a reasonable approach to consider further reductions in hyperopic correction in the presence of a bilateral decreased accommodative performance.

title: The accommodative element in accommodative XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE To assess the efficacy and @entity5 of @entity7 monotherapy in palliative @entity6 ( @entity6 ). @entity0 AND METHODS Thirty-eight @entity0 with @entity6 having evidence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were treated with @entity7 37.5 mg/d given continuously until @entity3 or unacceptable @entity5 . The primary end point was the rate of disease control, defined as @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or partial response (PR) at 6 to 8 weeks after treatment initiation (two-stage design, Simon). Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was performed in a subset of @entity0 before and 6 to 8 weeks after treatment. The volume transfer constant of the contrast agent (K(trans)) was used to measure changes in the microcirculation blood flow and endothelial permeability of the @entity1 . Results A PR was observed in one @entity0 , @entity2 in 18, and @entity3 in 19 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST]), resulting in a disease control rate of 50%. Among the 18 @entity0 with @entity2 , there were five unconfirmed PRs and six additional minor responses. A significant decrease in K(trans) was seen in three of the four @entity0 who received DCE-MRI monitoring. Grade 5 @entity4 occurred in four @entity0 . Local complications, including the appearance or worsening of @entity1 skin ulceration or @entity1 fistula, were recorded in 15 @entity0 . CONCLUSION @entity7 demonstrated modest activity in palliative SSCHN. The severity of some of the complications highlights the importance of improved @entity0 selection for future studies with @entity7 in @entity4 . @entity7 should not be used outside clinical trials in SSCHN.

title: Phase II study of @entity7 in recurrent or metastatic XXXX : GORTEC 2006-01.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE To assess the efficacy and @entity5 of @entity7 monotherapy in palliative @entity6 ( @entity6 ). @entity0 AND METHODS Thirty-eight @entity0 with @entity6 having evidence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were treated with @entity7 37.5 mg/d given continuously until @entity3 or unacceptable @entity5 . The primary end point was the rate of disease control, defined as @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or partial response (PR) at 6 to 8 weeks after treatment initiation (two-stage design, Simon). Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was performed in a subset of @entity0 before and 6 to 8 weeks after treatment. The volume transfer constant of the contrast agent (K(trans)) was used to measure changes in the microcirculation blood flow and endothelial permeability of the @entity1 . Results A PR was observed in one @entity0 , @entity2 in 18, and @entity3 in 19 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST]), resulting in a disease control rate of 50%. Among the 18 @entity0 with @entity2 , there were five unconfirmed PRs and six additional minor responses. A significant decrease in K(trans) was seen in three of the four @entity0 who received DCE-MRI monitoring. Grade 5 @entity4 occurred in four @entity0 . Local complications, including the appearance or worsening of @entity1 skin ulceration or @entity1 fistula, were recorded in 15 @entity0 . CONCLUSION @entity7 demonstrated modest activity in palliative SSCHN. The severity of some of the complications highlights the importance of improved @entity0 selection for future studies with @entity7 in @entity4 . @entity7 should not be used outside clinical trials in SSCHN.

title: Phase II study of XXXX in recurrent or metastatic @entity6 : GORTEC 2006-01.

answer: @entity7


abstract: In primates, @entity4 ( @entity3 ) is a pituitary hormone with fundamental roles during pregnancy involving fetal growth, metabolism, and stimulating lactation in the mother. @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity3 ) is highly conserved with @entity0 growth hormone (hGH) and both hormones bind to the hPRLR extracellular domain (ECD), the first step in receptor homodimerization, in a @entity5 -dependent manner. A modified surface plasmon resonance method was developed to measure the kinetics for @entity3 and hGH binding to the hPRLR ECD, with and without @entity5 and showed that @entity3 has about a tenfold higher affinity for the hPRLR ECD1 than hGH. The crystal structure of the free state of @entity3 has been determined to 2.0 A resolution showing the molecule possesses an overall structure similar to other long chain four-helix bundle cytokines. Comparison of the free @entity3 structure with the 1:1 complex structure of hGH bound to the hPRLR ECD1 suggests that two surface loops undergo conformational changes >10 A upon binding. An 18 residue Ala-scan was used to characterize the binding energy epitope for the site 1 interface of @entity3 . Individual @entity2 substitutions at five positions reduced binding affinity by a DeltaDeltaG > or = 3 kcal mol(-1). A comparison of the @entity3 site 1 epitope with that previously determined for hGH indicates contributions of individual residues track reasonably well between @entity3 and hGH. In particular, residues involved in the @entity1 -binding site and Lys172 constitute the principal binding determinants for both hormones. However, several residues that are identical between @entity3 and hGH contribute quite differently to the binding of the hPRLR ECD1. Additionally, the overall magnitudes of the DeltaDeltaG changes observed from the Ala-scan of @entity3 were markedly larger than those determined in the comparative scan of hGH to the hPRLR ECD1. The structural and biophysical data presented here show that subtle changes in the structural context of an interaction can lead to significantly different effects at the individual residue level.

title: Crystal structure and site 1 binding energetics of @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In primates, @entity4 ( @entity3 ) is a pituitary hormone with fundamental roles during pregnancy involving fetal growth, metabolism, and stimulating lactation in the mother. @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity3 ) is highly conserved with @entity0 growth hormone (hGH) and both hormones bind to the hPRLR extracellular domain (ECD), the first step in receptor homodimerization, in a @entity5 -dependent manner. A modified surface plasmon resonance method was developed to measure the kinetics for @entity3 and hGH binding to the hPRLR ECD, with and without @entity5 and showed that @entity3 has about a tenfold higher affinity for the hPRLR ECD1 than hGH. The crystal structure of the free state of @entity3 has been determined to 2.0 A resolution showing the molecule possesses an overall structure similar to other long chain four-helix bundle cytokines. Comparison of the free @entity3 structure with the 1:1 complex structure of hGH bound to the hPRLR ECD1 suggests that two surface loops undergo conformational changes >10 A upon binding. An 18 residue Ala-scan was used to characterize the binding energy epitope for the site 1 interface of @entity3 . Individual @entity2 substitutions at five positions reduced binding affinity by a DeltaDeltaG > or = 3 kcal mol(-1). A comparison of the @entity3 site 1 epitope with that previously determined for hGH indicates contributions of individual residues track reasonably well between @entity3 and hGH. In particular, residues involved in the @entity1 -binding site and Lys172 constitute the principal binding determinants for both hormones. However, several residues that are identical between @entity3 and hGH contribute quite differently to the binding of the hPRLR ECD1. Additionally, the overall magnitudes of the DeltaDeltaG changes observed from the Ala-scan of @entity3 were markedly larger than those determined in the comparative scan of hGH to the hPRLR ECD1. The structural and biophysical data presented here show that subtle changes in the structural context of an interaction can lead to significantly different effects at the individual residue level.

title: Crystal structure and site 1 binding energetics of XXXX @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that " @entity2 " is a biopsychosocial continuum disorder. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the German general population with @entity0 >or= 14 years of age was conducted based on face-to-face contacts. Physical distress was measured by the regional @entity1 scale (RPS) and the @entity0 Health Questionnaire 15 (PHQ-15), @entity4 by the PHQ-9, and social distress by the Oslo Social Support Scale. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was measured by the 12-item form of the Medical Outcome Study Short Form Health Survey. A k-means clustering procedure with 2-8 clusters preset was used to classify the scores of the RPS, PHQ-9, and PHQ-15. The number of clusters retained was based on the stability and interpretability of the clusters. The cluster analysis was first performed with a randomly selected half of the sample and then cross-validated on the second half of the total sample. RESULTS: A 4-cluster solution produced the most stable and meaningful results. Cluster 1 was very low on all symptom scores. Cluster 2 was low on @entity1 sites, somatic symptoms, and @entity3 . Cluster 3 was high on @entity1 scores, moderate on somatic symptoms, and low on @entity3 . Cluster 4 was high on all symptom scores. The centroids of cluster 4 met the survey criteria of @entity2 . Cluster 4 reported a lower HRQOL and less social support compared to the other 3 groups. CONCLUSION: A cluster within the continuum of biopsychosocial distress can be labeled @entity2 .

title: A cluster within the continuum of biopsychosocial distress can be labeled " XXXX "--evidence from a representative German population survey.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is the second leading cause of @entity1 mortality in the United States. Substantial @entity0 and animal data support the ability of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to cause regression of existing @entity4 and prevent new @entity1 formation. The mechanism by which the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sulindac prevents @entity1 growth is poorly understood and seems complex as sulindac can modulate several growth-related signaling pathways. Sulindac metabolites simultaneously (a) increase cellular @entity12 and subsequently activate @entity12 -dependent protein kinase ( @entity11 ); (b) activate c-jun @entity6 -terminal kinase ( @entity9 ); (c) inhibit @entity8 ( @entity5 ); and (d) decrease @entity7 protein expression at times and doses consistent with apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to determine if @entity11 , @entity5 , @entity9 , and @entity7 are independent targets for sulindac in vitro. Pharmacologic activation of @entity11 with @entity14 increases @entity9 phosphorylation and induces apoptosis in @entity4 cells without modulating @entity5 phosphorylation or @entity7 protein expression. Inhibition of @entity5 with @entity10 induces apoptosis but fails to activate @entity9 phosphorylation or down-regulate @entity7 protein expression. Cotreatment with @entity10 and @entity14 synergistically increases apoptosis in @entity2 cells and recapitulates the effects of @entity13 treatment on @entity5 , @entity9 , and @entity7 . These results indicate that sulindac metabolites modulate @entity5 and @entity11 pathways independently in @entity4 cells and suggest that the full apoptotic effect of sulindac is mediated by more than one pathway. Using similar combinatorial approaches in vivo may provide more effective, less toxic chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic strategies. Such therapies could dramatically reduce the incidence and @entity3 rate from @entity2 .

title: Sulindac independently modulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and XXXX -dependent protein kinase signaling pathways.

answer: @entity12


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate diagnostic sensitivity of electroneurography (ENoG) for @entity1 . METHODS: The data of 24 @entity0 suffering from @entity1 on one side, having non-emergency operation, and having preoperative records of ENoG were collected. Among the @entity0 , 18 were @entity0 and 6 were @entity0 , aged from 3 to 55 years (median 28). The duration of injury before ENoG examination was from 1 to 56 days (mean 23.6 days) for them. The electroneurographic examination was carried out for facial nerves on both sides preoperatively. Percentages of evoked potential amplitude reduction on affected sides were calculated according to the value of normal side. The 90% reduction of amplitude was used as a cutting point. The @entity1 was observed during operation. The sensitivity and false negative proportions of ENoG were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 24 @entity0 with @entity1 , 22 had ENoG amplitude reduction over 90%, and 2 having this reduction less than 90%. The sensitivity and false negative proportions of ENoG in @entity0 with @entity1 were 91.7% and 8.3% respectively. CONCLUSION: The preoperative ENoG examination is high sensitivity for @entity1 . The @entity0 whose ENoG reduction over 90% should be advised to have a @entity1 as soon as possible.

title: [Evaluation of diagnostic sensitivity of electroneurography for XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The etiology of @entity14 (SSc) is unknown; immunogenic stimuli such as @entity4 and vaccinations could theoretically be risk factors for @entity14 . Our objective was to assess the relationship between viral and @entity12 , and vaccinations, prior to diagnosis of SSc compared to non-inflammatory controls. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to individuals with SSc (n =83) and controls (n=351) with @entity0 ( @entity8 , n = 204; @entity10 , n = 58; @entity3 , n= 89) from a rheumatology practice. Questions ascertained past @entity4 , exposure to infectious agents and vaccination history. RESULTS: The response rate was 78% (SSc) and 56% (MSK controls). The mean age was 56 +/- 1.6 (SSc) and 58 +/- 0.9 (MSK); 88% (SSc) and 82% (MSK) were female. No association between prior @entity4 and SSc was observed. In fact, controls were more likely than SSc subjects to report any @entity4 within 1-year prior to disease diagnosis (35% vs. 16%, p<0.006), or to have suffered a @entity2 to affected joints prior to diagnosis (44% vs. 19%, p<0.0002). Within the 1-year prior to disease diagnosis, controls reported slightly more @entity9 (p<0.2), @entity4 with @entity5 and @entity7 (p<0.3), and antibiotic use (p<0.09), although none of these results were statistically significant. Histories of any @entity1 , @entity13 , any @entity12 , and having had a previous positive @entity6 skin test were not significantly different between groups and were actually more often reported by the control subjects. SSc reported slightly more @entity11 (p<0.08), more @entity15 (p<0.8) in past, and herpes zoster (p<0.4), although no differences reached significance. CONCLUSION: This study does not support that self-report of symptomatic @entity4 are more likely to occur ever (prior to diagnosis) or within 1-year prior to symptom onset of SSc, or that vaccinations in adulthood trigger SSc.

title: Infections are not increased in @entity14 compared to XXXX prior to disease onset.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The etiology of @entity14 (SSc) is unknown; immunogenic stimuli such as @entity4 and vaccinations could theoretically be risk factors for @entity14 . Our objective was to assess the relationship between viral and @entity12 , and vaccinations, prior to diagnosis of SSc compared to non-inflammatory controls. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to individuals with SSc (n =83) and controls (n=351) with @entity0 ( @entity8 , n = 204; @entity10 , n = 58; @entity3 , n= 89) from a rheumatology practice. Questions ascertained past @entity4 , exposure to infectious agents and vaccination history. RESULTS: The response rate was 78% (SSc) and 56% (MSK controls). The mean age was 56 +/- 1.6 (SSc) and 58 +/- 0.9 (MSK); 88% (SSc) and 82% (MSK) were female. No association between prior @entity4 and SSc was observed. In fact, controls were more likely than SSc subjects to report any @entity4 within 1-year prior to disease diagnosis (35% vs. 16%, p<0.006), or to have suffered a @entity2 to affected joints prior to diagnosis (44% vs. 19%, p<0.0002). Within the 1-year prior to disease diagnosis, controls reported slightly more @entity9 (p<0.2), @entity4 with @entity5 and @entity7 (p<0.3), and antibiotic use (p<0.09), although none of these results were statistically significant. Histories of any @entity1 , @entity13 , any @entity12 , and having had a previous positive @entity6 skin test were not significantly different between groups and were actually more often reported by the control subjects. SSc reported slightly more @entity11 (p<0.08), more @entity15 (p<0.8) in past, and herpes zoster (p<0.4), although no differences reached significance. CONCLUSION: This study does not support that self-report of symptomatic @entity4 are more likely to occur ever (prior to diagnosis) or within 1-year prior to symptom onset of SSc, or that vaccinations in adulthood trigger SSc.

title: Infections are not increased in XXXX compared to @entity0 prior to disease onset.

answer: @entity14


abstract: @entity2 reductases (RNRs) catalyze the conversion of @entity3 to @entity7 and are essential for de novo DNA synthesis and repair. Streptomycetes contain genes coding for two RNRs. The class Ia RNR is @entity0 dependent, and the class II RNR is @entity0 independent and requires coenzyme B12. Either RNR is sufficient for vegetative growth. We show here that the @entity4 M145 nrdABS genes encoding the class Ia RNR are regulated by @entity5 . The 5'-untranslated region of nrdABS contains a 123- @entity1 B12 riboswitch. Similar B12 riboswitches are present in the corresponding regions of eight other @entity4 genes. The effect of B12 on growth and nrdABS transcription was examined in a mutant in which the nrdJ gene, encoding the class II RNR, was deleted. B12 concentrations of just 1 mug/liter completely inhibited growth of the NrdJ mutant strain. Likewise, B12 significantly reduced nrdABS transcription. To further explore the mechanism of B12 repression, we isolated in the nrdJ deletion strain mutants that are insensitive to B12 inhibition of growth. Two classes of mutations were found to map to the B12 riboswitch. Both conferred resistance to @entity6 inhibition of nrdABS transcription and are likely to affect B12 binding. These results establish that B12 regulates overall RNR expression in reciprocal ways, by riboswitch regulation of the class Ia RNR nrdABS genes and by serving as a cofactor for the class II RNR.

title: Coenzyme B12 controls transcription of the @entity4 class Ia XXXX reductase nrdABS operon via a riboswitch mechanism.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 reductases (RNRs) catalyze the conversion of @entity3 to @entity7 and are essential for de novo DNA synthesis and repair. Streptomycetes contain genes coding for two RNRs. The class Ia RNR is @entity0 dependent, and the class II RNR is @entity0 independent and requires coenzyme B12. Either RNR is sufficient for vegetative growth. We show here that the @entity4 M145 nrdABS genes encoding the class Ia RNR are regulated by @entity5 . The 5'-untranslated region of nrdABS contains a 123- @entity1 B12 riboswitch. Similar B12 riboswitches are present in the corresponding regions of eight other @entity4 genes. The effect of B12 on growth and nrdABS transcription was examined in a mutant in which the nrdJ gene, encoding the class II RNR, was deleted. B12 concentrations of just 1 mug/liter completely inhibited growth of the NrdJ mutant strain. Likewise, B12 significantly reduced nrdABS transcription. To further explore the mechanism of B12 repression, we isolated in the nrdJ deletion strain mutants that are insensitive to B12 inhibition of growth. Two classes of mutations were found to map to the B12 riboswitch. Both conferred resistance to @entity6 inhibition of nrdABS transcription and are likely to affect B12 binding. These results establish that B12 regulates overall RNR expression in reciprocal ways, by riboswitch regulation of the class Ia RNR nrdABS genes and by serving as a cofactor for the class II RNR.

title: Coenzyme B12 controls transcription of the XXXX class Ia @entity2 reductase nrdABS operon via a riboswitch mechanism.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no consensus regarding the optimum surgical approach to @entity4 . This study reviews the management of @entity4 in a single unit. METHODS: Retrospective study of 73 consecutive @entity0 diagnosed with @entity4 . Twenty-three @entity0 underwent surgery with curative intent (surgical group), 28 @entity0 underwent exploratory surgery but had @entity1 (surgically inoperable group) and 22 @entity0 had @entity1 radiologically (radiologically inoperable group). Within the surgical group, nine @entity0 (cholecystectomy group) were diagnosed with @entity4 after routine cholecystectomy. RESULTS: The inoperable groups had significantly higher @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) than the surgical group (p=0.02 and p<0.01, respectively). Age>68, white cell count (WCC)>7.6 x 109/L, platelet>345 x 109/L, @entity3 >16 mol/L, @entity2 >124 iu/L and @entity5 < or = 137 mmol/L were markers of inoperability. Age, haemoglobin and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were predictors for survival following surgery (p=0.04, p=0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). The surgical and cholecystectomy groups had significantly higher median survivals than the surgically and radiologically inoperable groups (18.97 and 26.17 months versus 5.03 and 12.20 months, p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Curative surgical resection of @entity4 improved survival. Exploratory laparotomy which revealed @entity1 reduced survival. Preoperative WCC, platelet, @entity3 and @entity2 may be used as additional discriminators during the investigation and work up prior to surgery.

title: Ten-year experience in the management of XXXX from a single hepatobiliary and pancreatic centre with review of the literature.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and gross @entity4 (GH) are the most important renal manifestations of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). They are not only common, but are also frequent cause of morbidity, influencing @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of these manifestations in our @entity0 with @entity1 and their impact on renal function. METHODS: One hundred eighty @entity1 @entity0 were included in the study. Subjects were studied for the presence of @entity3 , gross @entity4 frequency and responsible factors of @entity7 . Survival times were calculated as the time to renal replacement therapy or time of serum @entity5 value up to 10 mg/dl. Kaplan-Meier product-limit survival curves were constructed, and log rank test was used to compare the survival curves. RESULTS: @entity6 were present in 76/180 (42% of pts). The stones were composed of urate (47%) @entity8 (39%), and other compounds 14%. @entity3 was observed in 60% (108 @entity0 ). @entity0 treated with urinary disinfectants had a significant lower frequency of @entity3 (p<0.001) and @entity4 (p<0.001) after one year than untreated @entity0 . Gross @entity4 was present in 113 @entity0 (63%). In 43 @entity0 @entity4 was diagnosed before age 30 (38%), while in 70 @entity0 it was diagnosed after age 30 (62%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is frequent in our @entity1 @entity0 . The correct treatment of @entity3 decreases its frequency and has beneficial role in the rate of progression to @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 . @entity0 with recurrent episodes of gross @entity4 may be at risk for more severe @entity1 .

title: The influence of renal manifestations to the progression of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop a cardiovascular risk assessment tool that is feasible and easy to use in primary care (general practice (GP) model). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: 23 towns in the United Kingdom. @entity0 : 3582 @entity0 aged 60 to 79 years who were free of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) at entry into the British @entity0 's Heart and Health Study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Predictive performance of a GP model compared with the standard Framingham model for both @entity2 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). RESULTS: The Framingham tool predicted @entity2 events over 5 years accurately (predicted 5.7%, observed 5.5%) but overpredicted @entity1 events (predicted 10.5%, observed 6.8%). In higher-risk groups, Framingham overpredicted both @entity2 and @entity1 events and was poorly calibrated for this cohort. Including @entity3 and @entity4 with standard Framingham risk factors did not improve discrimination of the model. The GP model, which used age, systolic blood pressure, smoking habit and self-rated health (all of which can be easily obtained in one surgery visit) performed as well as the Framingham risk tool: area under the receiver operating curve discrimination statistic was 0.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62 to 0.70) for @entity2 and 0.67 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.71) for @entity1 compared with 0.65 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.68) and 0.66 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.69) for the corresponding Framingham models. CONCLUSIONS: An alternative risk assessment based on only a simple routine examination and a small number of pertinent questions may be more useful in the primary care setting. This model appears to perform well but needs to be tested in different populations.

title: XXXX risk assessment in older @entity0 : can we improve on Framingham? British @entity0 's Heart and Health prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop a cardiovascular risk assessment tool that is feasible and easy to use in primary care (general practice (GP) model). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: 23 towns in the United Kingdom. @entity0 : 3582 @entity0 aged 60 to 79 years who were free of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) at entry into the British @entity0 's Heart and Health Study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Predictive performance of a GP model compared with the standard Framingham model for both @entity2 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). RESULTS: The Framingham tool predicted @entity2 events over 5 years accurately (predicted 5.7%, observed 5.5%) but overpredicted @entity1 events (predicted 10.5%, observed 6.8%). In higher-risk groups, Framingham overpredicted both @entity2 and @entity1 events and was poorly calibrated for this cohort. Including @entity3 and @entity4 with standard Framingham risk factors did not improve discrimination of the model. The GP model, which used age, systolic blood pressure, smoking habit and self-rated health (all of which can be easily obtained in one surgery visit) performed as well as the Framingham risk tool: area under the receiver operating curve discrimination statistic was 0.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62 to 0.70) for @entity2 and 0.67 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.71) for @entity1 compared with 0.65 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.68) and 0.66 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.69) for the corresponding Framingham models. CONCLUSIONS: An alternative risk assessment based on only a simple routine examination and a small number of pertinent questions may be more useful in the primary care setting. This model appears to perform well but needs to be tested in different populations.

title: @entity1 risk assessment in older XXXX : can we improve on Framingham? British @entity0 's Heart and Health prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop a cardiovascular risk assessment tool that is feasible and easy to use in primary care (general practice (GP) model). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: 23 towns in the United Kingdom. @entity0 : 3582 @entity0 aged 60 to 79 years who were free of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) at entry into the British @entity0 's Heart and Health Study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Predictive performance of a GP model compared with the standard Framingham model for both @entity2 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). RESULTS: The Framingham tool predicted @entity2 events over 5 years accurately (predicted 5.7%, observed 5.5%) but overpredicted @entity1 events (predicted 10.5%, observed 6.8%). In higher-risk groups, Framingham overpredicted both @entity2 and @entity1 events and was poorly calibrated for this cohort. Including @entity3 and @entity4 with standard Framingham risk factors did not improve discrimination of the model. The GP model, which used age, systolic blood pressure, smoking habit and self-rated health (all of which can be easily obtained in one surgery visit) performed as well as the Framingham risk tool: area under the receiver operating curve discrimination statistic was 0.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62 to 0.70) for @entity2 and 0.67 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.71) for @entity1 compared with 0.65 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.68) and 0.66 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.69) for the corresponding Framingham models. CONCLUSIONS: An alternative risk assessment based on only a simple routine examination and a small number of pertinent questions may be more useful in the primary care setting. This model appears to perform well but needs to be tested in different populations.

title: @entity1 risk assessment in older @entity0 : can we improve on Framingham? British XXXX 's Heart and Health prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the quality of @entity1 [ @entity2 ] paste filling (Ultracal, Ultradent) associated or not with @entity2 -containing gutta-percha points ( @entity1 Plus Points, Roeko) in curved root canals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty roots of extracted @entity0 teeth, randomly divided into three curvature ranges (mild - 0 to 14 degrees; moderate - 15 degrees to 29 degrees; severe - >30 degrees) were used. After chemomechanical preparation, the roots were assigned to 4 groups (n=30), according to the technique of intracanal dressing placement: group 1 - @entity2 paste was applied with a lentulo spiral; group 2 - @entity2 paste was applied with a lentulo spiral and a @entity2 point was inserted into the canal; group 3 - @entity2 paste was applied with a Navitip tip (supplied with Ultracal system); group 4 - @entity2 paste was applied with a Navitip tip and a @entity2 point was inserted into the canal. The roots were cleared and the quality of apical third filling was assessed by a calibrated experienced examiner. The specimens were examined under stereomicroscopy and scored 1 to 4 (i.e., from inadequate to complete root canal filling). The results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test at 5% significance level. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) among the curvature degrees in groups 1, 3 and 4. Severely curved roots in group 2 presented bordering significance (p=0.05). The groups that associated the use of @entity2 paste and points (2 and 4) showed better apical filling than the other groups, but this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001) only for roots with severe curvature. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the curvature degree did not influence the quality of filling. The techniques that used @entity2 -containing gutta-percha points yielded better filling of the apical third in roots with severe curvature.

title: Influence of XXXX points on the quality of intracanal dressing filling.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The literature has demonstrated that alterations in craniofacial morphology characterizing individuals with @entity1 are observed in both operated and unoperated @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the influence of isolated @entity1 and palatoplasty on the face, based on facial analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Lateral facial photographs of the right side of 85 young adult @entity0 with @entity1 were analyzed, of whom 50 were operated on and 35 had never received any previous surgical treatment. The nasolabial angle and zygomatic projection were used to define the maxillary position in the face. Mandibular positioning was classified as Pattern I, II and III. RESULTS: @entity0 were distributed into 54.12% as Pattern I, 32.94% Pattern II and 12.94% Pattern III. Distribution of facial patterns did not show statistically significant differences between groups (p>0.05). Although palatoplasty did not influence the facial pattern, the zygomatic projection was vulnerable to plastic surgeries. Twenty-eight percent of the @entity0 in the operated group showed @entity2 , compared to only 8.5% in the unoperated group. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with isolated @entity1 , palatoplasty may influence negatively the sagittal behavior of the maxilla, according to the zygomatic projection of the face, though without compromising the facial pattern.

title: Influence of isolated XXXX and palatoplasty on the face.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared @entity1 and @entity3 concentrations in a group of adults treated for @entity2 in childhood with those of matched controls, and investigated the relationship between the GH secretory pattern and @entity1 / @entity3 concentrations in the entire group. DESIGN: We performed 24 h serum GH profiles using 20 minute sampling and measured corresponding fasting concentrations of @entity1 and @entity3 . @entity0 : Fourteen adult male long-term survivors of childhood @entity2 were studied. All had received high dose cranial irradiation (> or = 30Gy; median 12.8 (range 5.8-14.5) years previously). Nine healthy male volunteers acted as controls. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 and @entity3 concentrations were measured at 06.00 hours. Peak and trough GH activity within the GH profile was analysed by a distribution method which determined the concentration at or below which the serum GH concentration in the profile spent 95% (peak) and 5% (trough) of the total time. RESULTS: Serum @entity1 levels were significantly lower in the irradiated group (Irradiated: 200 micrograms/l vs CONTROL: 265 micrograms/l; P = 0.001) but the difference in serum @entity3 (Irradiated: 2.3 mg/l vs CONTROLs: 2.77 mg/l; P = 0.03) was less marked. Peak GH activity was lower in the Irradiated subjects (2.59 mU/l vs 9.04 mU/l; P = 0.0004) and correlated strongly with @entity1 (r = 0.62; P = 0.002) but less so with @entity3 (r = 0.35; P = 0.09). This was strenghtened when the range of activity within the profle (peak-trough) was considered. Trough GH activity had a nonsignificant negative correlation with @entity1 and @entity3 levels. CONCLUSION: The difference in serum @entity1 concentrations between irradiated subjects and controls was greater than the difference in serum @entity3 . Peak GH activity and the range of activity within the profile correlated strongly with @entity1 concentrations but less so with @entity3 .

title: The relationship between the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor axis in long-term survivors of childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and minimum effective dose of laser acupuncture in @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and to determine if it is superior to placebo treatment (sham) in the evaluation of clinical-functional outcome and quality of life. METHODS: In this randomized, placebo-controlled study, @entity0 with grade 2 and 3 primary @entity3 were selected. Group I (n = 27) received 904-nm low-level laser irradiation with 10 mW/cm(2) power density, 4 mW output power, 0.4 cm(2) spot size, 0.48 J dose per session, and 120-sec treatment time on the medial side of the knee to the acupuncture point @entity4 . Group II (n = 25) received placebo-laser therapy at the same place on the same point. @entity0 in both of the groups had treatment 5 days per week (total duration of therapy was 10 days) and 20 min per day. The study was comprised of a 2-week (10-session) intervention. @entity0 were evaluated before treatment (baseline), after treatment (2nd week), and at the 12th week. In this double-blind study, a blind examiner carried out all outcome assessments. The main outcome measures were as follows: @entity1 on movement (pVAS), 50-foot walking time (50 foot w), knee circumference (KC), medial tenderness score (MTS), Western Ontario and @entity2 index (WOMAC), and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). RESULTS: Statistically significant improvement was observed in PVAS, 50 foot w, and KC in group 1. In Group II, statistically significant improvement was observed in PVAS, 50 foot w, and WOMAC. When groups were compared with each other, the improvement observed in KC was superior in Group I at the 2(nd) week (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Laser acupuncture was found to be effective only in reducing periarticular swelling when compared with placebo laser.

title: Laser acupuncture in XXXX : a double-blind, randomized controlled study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Some @entity3 may be manageable by percutaneous interventional radiologic techniques (PIRT), but long-term efficacy of this approach is scarce. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively all @entity0 with @entity3 secondary to traumatic @entity6 or strictured bilioenteric anastomoses. @entity0 in whom the initial management was by PIRT from 1998 through 2003 were selected. Subjects with @entity5 , hepatic transplantation, or malignant strictures were excluded. Data were obtained from medical records and/or direct @entity0 contact. Comparisons were made by Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity0 with @entity3 were treated by PIRT. Mean age was 54 years (range 11-86). Most frequent etiology was laparoscopic cholecystectomy injury in 11 @entity0 (41%). Eight @entity0 (29%) had undergone biliary resection for @entity1 , seven (26%) a pancreatoduodenectomy, and one for presumed @entity2 ; no strictures were secondary to neoplastic recurrence. PIRT was successful in 10 of 11 @entity0 (91%) with short, isolated @entity6 secondary to laparoscopic cholecystectomy and in seven of 15 @entity0 (41%) with strictured bilioenteric @entity4 , but not in the @entity0 with @entity2 . Twenty @entity0 (74%) were stent-free at follow-up. @entity3 were more likely to fail PIRT than isolated strictures secondary to laparoscopic cholecystectomy injury (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous balloon dilatation and stenting can be an effective strategy for @entity0 with @entity6 , especially short @entity6 after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anastomotic strictures are associated with less good results when managed by PIRT but are successful in up to 40% of @entity0 .

title: Management of benign XXXX by percutaneous interventional radiologic techniques (PIRT).

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: this study represents a case series to evaluate how successful is the rigid percutaneous nephroscopy as a tool for clearance of all stones in various locations in @entity1 . METHODS: Between 2005 and 2009, we carried out PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) for @entity5 in 21 renal units (17 @entity0 ) in our department. The indications were large stone burden in 18 units and failed SWL(shock wave lithotripsy) in 3 renal units. All procedures were done under general anesthesia; using fluoroscopic guidance for localization and standard alkan dilatation followed by rigid nephroscopy and stone extraction with or without stone disintegration. We analyzed our results regarding the site and number of the required access, the @entity2 , the presence of any residual stones, as well as their location. RESULTS: The procedure was completed, using a single access tract in 20 renal units, with the site of puncture being the upper calyx in nine units and the posterior middle calyx in eleven units. Only in one renal unit, two access tracts (an upper and a lower calyceal) were required for completion and a supracostal puncture was required in another case. There was no significant @entity4 and no blood transfusion was required in any @entity0 . A pelvic perforation occurred in one case, requiring longer PCN (percutaneous nephrostomy) drainage. One @entity0 with @entity3 stones suffered urosepsis postoperatively which was successfully managed. Three cases had residual stones, all located in the renal isthmus, all residuals were un approachable with the rigid instrument; resulting in a overall stone-free rate of 85.7% at discharge. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is generally safe and successful in the management of stones in @entity1 . However, location of the stones in these @entity0 is crucial to decide the proper tool for optimal stone clearance result.

title: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in XXXX : is rigid nephroscopy sufficient tool for complete clearance? A case series study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of pleural lavage cytology (PLC) in resection for primary @entity1 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The prognostic significance of PLC before manipulation is still controversial. METHODS: Cytology of pleural lavage immediately after thoracotomy but before any manipulation of the lung was examined in 500 consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 with no @entity4 who underwent pulmonary resections. Eighteen @entity0 who already had pleural dissemination were excluded from this study. RESULTS: Eighteen of 482 @entity0 (3.7%) had positive cytologic findings. The positivity of PLC was significantly correlated with histology, extension of @entity2 to pleura, and presence of lymphatic permeation or vascular involvement by @entity2 . Positive lavage findings were seen only in @entity3 . Because 6.3% of the @entity0 with @entity3 had positive cytologic findings, it is vital to perform PLC before curative resections for @entity1 , especially @entity3 . The 5-year survival rates of the @entity0 having negative and positive lavage findings were 52.9% and 14.6%, respectively. The prognosis of the @entity0 with positive lavage findings was as poor as that of the @entity0 with @entity2 and that of the @entity0 with @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Positive findings on PLC indicate exfoliation of @entity2 cells into the @entity4 , which is an essential prognostic factor. In addition, we should regard positive cytologic findings as a subclinical @entity5 that is pathologic stage T4.

title: Role of pleural lavage cytology before resection for primary XXXX .

answer: @entity1