abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7 is a congenital @entity15 . This @entity11 involves the skeletal system, soft tissues, skin and vascular system. The most likely pathogenesis involves somatic mosaicism. Main manifestations included soft-tissue and @entity13 , partial @entity17 , @entity16 , exostoses, @entity4 and @entity5 . The most common @entity3 are hemimegencephaly and @entity2 . We present a case of @entity7 with @entity5 which are not described previously. CLINICAL CASE: Our @entity0 is a 61 year-old male who has @entity8 of the four limbs, @entity18 and @entity8 of chest and abdomen asymmetric with mild @entity14 . Prominent and abundant of the four extremities and trunk, also asymmetric. @entity1 in the skin of trunk and left limb. Cerebral MRI shows @entity12 and @entity6 . CONCLUSION: Clinical diagnostic criteria of @entity7 are documented in our @entity0 . He also has @entity10 which are not described previously in the literature. We consider that both findings are not a product of causality due to the high prevalence of @entity9 malformations in these @entity0 . We hypothesize that a single mutation, probably involving genes in relation with apoptotic control will be responsible of @entity7 and @entity5 in our @entity0 , due to a defect of angiogenesis.

title: [ XXXX with @entity10 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity5 in the pediatric population are rare, their incidence range between 0.001% and 0.003%. They are mostly benign, @entity6 the most common type, followed by @entity2 . The clinical features are being usually nonspecific and depend on the size and location of the @entity1 within the heart. We report the case of a previously healthy four-year-old @entity0 referred for @entity3 . A @entity4 was suspected and a chest X-ray showed an increased cardiothoracic index. An echocardiogram revealed a single large heterogeneous mass in the left ventricle emerging from the lateral wall. Despite its size, the mass did not obstruct the left ventricular outflow tract or affect mitral valve function. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed a large mass whose imaging features were suggestive of a @entity2 . He became symptomatic during follow-up and was referred for surgical excision of the mass. Histological study confirmed a @entity2 . At present the @entity0 remains asymptomatic.

title: [Asymptomatic XXXX in a @entity0 : an incidental diagnosis].

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 in the pediatric population are rare, their incidence range between 0.001% and 0.003%. They are mostly benign, @entity6 the most common type, followed by @entity2 . The clinical features are being usually nonspecific and depend on the size and location of the @entity1 within the heart. We report the case of a previously healthy four-year-old @entity0 referred for @entity3 . A @entity4 was suspected and a chest X-ray showed an increased cardiothoracic index. An echocardiogram revealed a single large heterogeneous mass in the left ventricle emerging from the lateral wall. Despite its size, the mass did not obstruct the left ventricular outflow tract or affect mitral valve function. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed a large mass whose imaging features were suggestive of a @entity2 . He became symptomatic during follow-up and was referred for surgical excision of the mass. Histological study confirmed a @entity2 . At present the @entity0 remains asymptomatic.

title: [Asymptomatic @entity5 in a XXXX : an incidental diagnosis].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Spores of @entity2 are enclosed by an exosporium composed of a basal layer and an external hair-like nap. The nap is apparently formed by a single glycoprotein, while the basal layer contains many different structural proteins and several enzymes. One of the enzymes is Alr, an @entity0 racemase capable of converting the spore germinant @entity1 to the germination inhibitor @entity3 . Unlike other characterized exosporium proteins, Alr is nonuniformly distributed in the exosporium and might have a second spore location. In this study, we demonstrated that expression of the alr gene, which encodes Alr, is restricted to sporulating cells and that the bulk of alr transcription and Alr synthesis occurs during the late stages of sporulation. We also mapped two alr promoters that are differentially active during sporulation and might be involved in the atypical localization of Alr. Finally, we constructed a Deltaalr mutant of @entity2 that lacks Alr and examined the properties of the spores produced by this strain. Mature Deltaalr spores germinate more efficiently in the presence of @entity1 , presumably because of their inability to convert exogenous @entity1 to @entity3 , but they respond normally to other germinants. Surprisingly, the production of mature spores by the Deltaalr mutant is defective because approximately one-half of the nascent spores germinate and lose their resistance properties before they are released from the mother cell. This phenotype suggests that an important function of Alr is to produce @entity3 during the late stages of sporulation to suppress premature germination of the developing spore.

title: The spore-specific @entity0 racemase of XXXX and its role in suppressing germination during spore development.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Spores of @entity2 are enclosed by an exosporium composed of a basal layer and an external hair-like nap. The nap is apparently formed by a single glycoprotein, while the basal layer contains many different structural proteins and several enzymes. One of the enzymes is Alr, an @entity0 racemase capable of converting the spore germinant @entity1 to the germination inhibitor @entity3 . Unlike other characterized exosporium proteins, Alr is nonuniformly distributed in the exosporium and might have a second spore location. In this study, we demonstrated that expression of the alr gene, which encodes Alr, is restricted to sporulating cells and that the bulk of alr transcription and Alr synthesis occurs during the late stages of sporulation. We also mapped two alr promoters that are differentially active during sporulation and might be involved in the atypical localization of Alr. Finally, we constructed a Deltaalr mutant of @entity2 that lacks Alr and examined the properties of the spores produced by this strain. Mature Deltaalr spores germinate more efficiently in the presence of @entity1 , presumably because of their inability to convert exogenous @entity1 to @entity3 , but they respond normally to other germinants. Surprisingly, the production of mature spores by the Deltaalr mutant is defective because approximately one-half of the nascent spores germinate and lose their resistance properties before they are released from the mother cell. This phenotype suggests that an important function of Alr is to produce @entity3 during the late stages of sporulation to suppress premature germination of the developing spore.

title: The spore-specific XXXX racemase of @entity2 and its role in suppressing germination during spore development.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review our experience with @entity0 with @entity5 of nonurothelial origin. @entity5 of nonurothelial origin are uncommon entities. To our knowledge, no series of @entity0 with these @entity1 has been published in the past decade. METHODS: We reviewed the records at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson @entity1 Center from 1990 to 2004 to identify @entity0 with primary @entity1 of the upper urinary tract. We reviewed the @entity0 records to collect data on @entity1 subtype, treatment, recurrence, and survival. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity0 (1.9% of our database of @entity0 with @entity5 ) were identified; 12 had @entity4 , 2 had @entity3 , 1 had @entity2 , and 1 had @entity6 . The @entity1 were located in the renal pelvis in 10 and the ureter in 6. Of the 16 @entity0 , 15 had been treated with nephrectomy or nephrouterectomy and 1 with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Fifteen of the @entity1 were pathologic Stage T3 or worse. Ten @entity0 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Of the 16 @entity0 , 9 died (1 of unknown causes), 4 were alive without disease, 2 were alive with disease, and 1 was alive at last follow-up with the disease status unknown. The median follow-up was 30.1 months, the median overall survival time was 11.3 months, and 1-year survival rate was 46%. The median recurrence-free survival time and 1-year recurrence-free survival rate were 5.8 months and 38%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Primary @entity2 of the renal pelvis and ureter are rare. Our analysis suggests a poor prognosis for most @entity0 with these pathologic types, probably resulting from the advanced stage at diagnosis and poor responses to systemic therapy.

title: XXXX with nontransitional histology: a single-center experience.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To conduct a prospective study to determine the causes of @entity6 in @entity0 . METHODS: The study included 41 male @entity0 (mean age 72.5 years) bothered by @entity6 (two or more micturitions per night). Eleven asymptomatic young @entity0 (mean age 28.4 years) were enrolled as a control group. All completed a 3-day voiding diary. Daytime and nighttime urine samples were collected to determine osmolality and @entity3 and @entity2 levels. Urodynamic studies were performed for all @entity0 with @entity6 to evaluate for @entity4 using the International Continence Society definition. Polysomnography was performed on selected @entity0 to detect sleep @entity1 . RESULTS: The average nighttime voiding frequency was 3.9 in the @entity0 with @entity6 . Nocturnal @entity5 (NP) was found in 34 (82.9%) of 41 @entity0 . In these @entity0 , the nighttime urinary @entity3 excretion was significantly greater than the daytime excretion, with lower nighttime urine osmolality. In contrast, nighttime and daytime @entity3 excretion was not significantly different in @entity0 without NP, and greater nighttime urine osmolality was noted in the @entity0 without NP and the control group. Of the 41 @entity0 , 24 (58.5%) had a small nocturnal bladder capacity, with detrusor overactivity in 14 of 24 @entity0 . Eighteen @entity0 (43.9%) had both NP and a small nocturnal bladder capacity. Another 18 @entity0 had @entity4 and NP. Two @entity0 had sleep @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our observations have shown that a significant contributor to male @entity6 is NP, which results from a disordered diurnal rhythm of @entity3 excretion and other unknown factors causing nocturnal urinary dilution. However, male @entity6 can also be secondary to a combination of factors. Detailed workup is necessary to elucidate all causes.

title: Multifactorial nature of male XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to compare the degree of skeletal asymmetry between subjects with Class II subdivision @entity0 and apparent @entity1 and subjects with normal occlusion. METHODS: The sample consisted of 23 subjects with Angle Class II subdivision @entity0 and apparent @entity1 (mean age, 15.78 years) and 30 subjects with normal occlusions (mean age, 22.42 years). Each had all permanent teeth, including first molars. Radiographic asymmetry was assessed by measuring the relative difference in spatial position of dental and skeletal landmarks between right and left sides in both anteroposterior and transverse dimensions in the submentovertex and in the transverse and vertical dimensions in the posteroanterior radiographs. Independent t tests were used to compare radiographic asymmetries between groups. RESULTS: Despite the predominantly dentoalveolar nature of the asymmetries found in Class II subdivision @entity0 with apparent @entity1 , the radiographic mandibular asymmetry was small in relation to Class II subdivision @entity0 in general. The components that contributed to the asymmetric anteroposterior relationship in the Class II subdivision @entity0 with apparent @entity1 were mainly dentoalveolar. The primary contributor to the differences between the 2 groups was the distal positioning of the mandibular first molars on the Class II side. A secondary contributor was the mesial positioning of the maxillary first molars on the Class II side. As a consequence of the more frequent asymmetry in the lower third of face, the mandibular dental midline and the antegonial angle were deviated on the Class II side, as evaluated on the posteroanterior radiograph. CONCLUSIONS: The main component of Class II subdivision is dentoalveolar, primarily distal positioning of the first mandibular molar on the Class II side and secondarily mesial positioning of the first maxillary molar on the same side.

title: Evaluation of asymmetries between subjects with Class II subdivision and apparent XXXX and those with normal occlusion.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Oral exposure to dietary fat results in an early initial spike, followed by a prolonged elevation, of serum @entity2 in @entity0 . The physiological and pathophysiological implications remain unknown. This study sought to determine the incidence of the effect, the required fat exposure duration, and its reliability. Thirty-four healthy adults participated in four to six response-driven trials held at least a week apart. They reported to the laboratory after an overnight fast, a catheter was placed in an antecubital vein, and a blood sample was obtained. @entity0 then ingested 50 g of safflower oil in capsules with 500 ml of water within 15 min to mimic a high fat meal but without oral fat exposure. Blood was collected 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 120, 240, 360, and 480 min after capsule ingestion with different forms (full fat, nonfat, none) and durations of oral fat exposures (10 s, 5 min, 20 min, and/or 2 h). A @entity1 response (increase of @entity1 >10 mg/dl within 30 min) was observed in 88.2%, 70.5%, and 50% of @entity0 with full-fat, nonfat, and no oral exposure, respectively. Test-retest reliability was 75% with full-fat exposure but only 45.4% with nonfat exposure. Full-fat and nonfat exposures led to comparable significant elevations of @entity1 over no oral stimulation with 10-s exposures, but full fat led to a greater rise than nonfat with 20 min of exposure. These data indicate that nutritionally relevant oral fat exposures reliably elevate serum @entity1 concentrations in most @entity0 .

title: Brief oral stimulation, but especially oral fat exposure, elevates serum XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Oral exposure to dietary fat results in an early initial spike, followed by a prolonged elevation, of serum @entity2 in @entity0 . The physiological and pathophysiological implications remain unknown. This study sought to determine the incidence of the effect, the required fat exposure duration, and its reliability. Thirty-four healthy adults participated in four to six response-driven trials held at least a week apart. They reported to the laboratory after an overnight fast, a catheter was placed in an antecubital vein, and a blood sample was obtained. @entity0 then ingested 50 g of safflower oil in capsules with 500 ml of water within 15 min to mimic a high fat meal but without oral fat exposure. Blood was collected 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 120, 240, 360, and 480 min after capsule ingestion with different forms (full fat, nonfat, none) and durations of oral fat exposures (10 s, 5 min, 20 min, and/or 2 h). A @entity1 response (increase of @entity1 >10 mg/dl within 30 min) was observed in 88.2%, 70.5%, and 50% of @entity0 with full-fat, nonfat, and no oral exposure, respectively. Test-retest reliability was 75% with full-fat exposure but only 45.4% with nonfat exposure. Full-fat and nonfat exposures led to comparable significant elevations of @entity1 over no oral stimulation with 10-s exposures, but full fat led to a greater rise than nonfat with 20 min of exposure. These data indicate that nutritionally relevant oral fat exposures reliably elevate serum @entity1 concentrations in most @entity0 .

title: Brief oral stimulation, but especially oral fat exposure, elevates serum @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: . Rehabilitation of the severely affected paretic arm after @entity1 represents a major challenge, especially in the presence of @entity4 . OBJECTIVE: . To evaluate the effect of a therapy that includes use of a mirror to simulate the affected upper extremity with the unaffected upper extremity early after @entity1 . METHODS: . Thirty-six @entity0 with severe @entity5 because of a first-ever @entity3 in the territory of the middle cerebral artery were enrolled, no more than 8 weeks after the @entity1 . They completed a protocol of 6 weeks of additional therapy (30 minutes a day, 5 days a week), with random assignment to either mirror therapy (MT) or an equivalent control therapy (CT). The MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: were the Fugl-Meyer subscores for the upper extremity, evaluated by independent raters through videotape. @entity0 also underwent functional and neuropsychological testing. RESULTS: . In the subgroup of 25 @entity0 with distal plegia at the beginning of the therapy, MT @entity0 regained more distal function than CT @entity0 . Furthermore, across all @entity0 , MT improved recovery of surface sensibility. Neither of these effects depended on the side of the lesioned hemisphere. MT stimulated recovery from hemineglect. CONCLUSIONS: . MT early after @entity1 is a promising method to improve @entity2 and to support motor recovery in a distal plegic limb.

title: Mirror therapy promotes recovery from severe XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Objective: To retrospectively study the clinical effects of eardrum flap area on the healing outcome following traumatic perforation. Methods: Totally 291 traumatic eardrum perforations with in-/everted edges were included in this study. They were randomly divided into three groups and received conservative treatment, @entity1 ( @entity1 ) via Gelfoam patching, or edge-approximation plus Gelfoam patching respectively. @entity0 in each group were further divided into two subgroups according to the eardrum flap area less than or equal to 1/2 or >1/2 of the perforation size. The healing rate and mean closure time after tympanic membrane perforation were evaluated at three months. Results: Of the total 291 @entity0 , 281 were included in the final statistical analysis. The area of curled edge did not affect the healing outcome significantly in any groups (P>0.05). The healing rate varied slightly: 90.7% vs 92.3% in spontaneous healing group, 98.2% vs 97.4% in @entity1 via Gelfoam patching group, and 96.5% vs 100% in edge-approximation plus Gelfoam patching group. In addition, in all groups the area of curled edge did not affect the mean closure time significantly (P>0.05). The closure time was (32.3+/-2.4) d vs (30.6+/-3.1) d in sponaneous healing group, (13.4+/-2.5) d vs (13.1+/-1.9) d in @entity1 via Gelfoam patching group, and (11.9+/-3.1) d vs (12.2+/-2.1) d in edge-approximation plus Gelfoam patching group. Conclusion: The eardrum flap area of @entity2 does not significantly affect the clinical outcomes.

title: Relation between eardrum flap area and healing outcome of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously showed that a VLDL- and LDL-rich mix of @entity0 native lipoproteins induces a set of repressive epigenetic marks, i.e. de novo DNA methylation, histone 4 hypoacetylation and histone 4 @entity1 20 (H4K20) hypermethylation in @entity2 macrophages. Here, we: 1) ask what gene expression changes accompany these epigenetic responses; 2) test the involvement of candidate factors mediating the latter. We exploited genome expression arrays to identify target genes for lipoprotein-induced silencing, in addition to RNAi and expression studies to test the involvement of candidate mediating factors. The study was conducted in @entity0 @entity2 macrophages. RESULTS: Native lipoprotein-induced de novo DNA methylation was associated with a general repression of various critical genes for macrophage function, including pro-inflammatory genes. Lipoproteins showed differential effects on epigenetic marks, as de novo DNA methylation was induced by VLDL and to a lesser extent by LDL, but not by HDL, and VLDL induced H4K20 hypermethylation, while HDL caused H4 deacetylation. The analysis of candidate factors mediating VLDL-induced DNA hypermethylation revealed that this response was: 1) surprisingly, mediated exclusively by the canonical maintenance DNA methyltransferase @entity3 , and 2) independent of the Dicer/micro-RNA pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our work provides novel insights into epigenetic gene regulation by native lipoproteins. Furthermore, we provide an example of @entity3 acting as a de novo DNA methyltransferase independently of canonical de novo enzymes, and show proof of principle that de novo DNA methylation can occur independently of a functional Dicer/micro-RNA pathway in mammals.

title: @entity0 native lipoprotein-induced de novo DNA methylation is associated with repression of inflammatory genes in XXXX macrophages.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously showed that a VLDL- and LDL-rich mix of @entity0 native lipoproteins induces a set of repressive epigenetic marks, i.e. de novo DNA methylation, histone 4 hypoacetylation and histone 4 @entity1 20 (H4K20) hypermethylation in @entity2 macrophages. Here, we: 1) ask what gene expression changes accompany these epigenetic responses; 2) test the involvement of candidate factors mediating the latter. We exploited genome expression arrays to identify target genes for lipoprotein-induced silencing, in addition to RNAi and expression studies to test the involvement of candidate mediating factors. The study was conducted in @entity0 @entity2 macrophages. RESULTS: Native lipoprotein-induced de novo DNA methylation was associated with a general repression of various critical genes for macrophage function, including pro-inflammatory genes. Lipoproteins showed differential effects on epigenetic marks, as de novo DNA methylation was induced by VLDL and to a lesser extent by LDL, but not by HDL, and VLDL induced H4K20 hypermethylation, while HDL caused H4 deacetylation. The analysis of candidate factors mediating VLDL-induced DNA hypermethylation revealed that this response was: 1) surprisingly, mediated exclusively by the canonical maintenance DNA methyltransferase @entity3 , and 2) independent of the Dicer/micro-RNA pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our work provides novel insights into epigenetic gene regulation by native lipoproteins. Furthermore, we provide an example of @entity3 acting as a de novo DNA methyltransferase independently of canonical de novo enzymes, and show proof of principle that de novo DNA methylation can occur independently of a functional Dicer/micro-RNA pathway in mammals.

title: XXXX native lipoprotein-induced de novo DNA methylation is associated with repression of inflammatory genes in @entity2 macrophages.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interest in social functioning of @entity0 suffering from @entity4 has been increasing over the last few years. Only few studies have investigated differences in social functioning in affective, schizoaffective and @entity1 @entity0 in the long-term and in a comparative approach. METHOD: The present study is part of a 15 year follow-up study on @entity0 suffering from severe @entity4 . The here reported findings refer to the data of a sample of 177 @entity0 with life-time diagnoses belonging to the @entity1 , schizoaffective or affective spectrum according to the ICD-10 criteria. Psychopathological, socio-demographic and other illness-related variables were assessed at the index hospitalisation and at the 15 year follow-up evaluation by using the assessment system published by the Association for Methodology and Documentation in Psychiatry (AMDP-system). Information about @entity0 ' @entity2 was assessed by using a modified and further developed version of the WHO disability assessment scale, the (Mannheim) Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS-M scale). Prevalence rates of @entity2 and differences in the severity of @entity2 between different groups of @entity4 were evaluated. And the association between @entity2 , diagnoses and psychopathology was analysed. RESULTS: Compared to affective and schizoaffective @entity0 , @entity1 @entity0 showed significantly higher levels of @entity2 in almost all domains. Severe to very severe levels of disability were found in 64% of @entity1 @entity0 and only in 19% of schizoaffective @entity0 and 5% of affective @entity0 . However, on a descriptive level all three diagnostic groups presented with similar maxima and minima in their profiles of @entity2 . Multiple regression analyses revealed that the @entity3 had the highest impact on the presence of severe @entity2 with all other @entity3 , gender, age and diagnosis having no statistically significant influence. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that @entity0 ' disabilities in different diagnostic groups seem to be of a similar quality and nature despite differences in their severity. The impact of psychopathology on disability seems to be more important than the one of diagnosis per se.

title: @entity2 in XXXX , schizoaffective and affective disorders 15 years after first admission.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interest in social functioning of @entity0 suffering from @entity4 has been increasing over the last few years. Only few studies have investigated differences in social functioning in affective, schizoaffective and @entity1 @entity0 in the long-term and in a comparative approach. METHOD: The present study is part of a 15 year follow-up study on @entity0 suffering from severe @entity4 . The here reported findings refer to the data of a sample of 177 @entity0 with life-time diagnoses belonging to the @entity1 , schizoaffective or affective spectrum according to the ICD-10 criteria. Psychopathological, socio-demographic and other illness-related variables were assessed at the index hospitalisation and at the 15 year follow-up evaluation by using the assessment system published by the Association for Methodology and Documentation in Psychiatry (AMDP-system). Information about @entity0 ' @entity2 was assessed by using a modified and further developed version of the WHO disability assessment scale, the (Mannheim) Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS-M scale). Prevalence rates of @entity2 and differences in the severity of @entity2 between different groups of @entity4 were evaluated. And the association between @entity2 , diagnoses and psychopathology was analysed. RESULTS: Compared to affective and schizoaffective @entity0 , @entity1 @entity0 showed significantly higher levels of @entity2 in almost all domains. Severe to very severe levels of disability were found in 64% of @entity1 @entity0 and only in 19% of schizoaffective @entity0 and 5% of affective @entity0 . However, on a descriptive level all three diagnostic groups presented with similar maxima and minima in their profiles of @entity2 . Multiple regression analyses revealed that the @entity3 had the highest impact on the presence of severe @entity2 with all other @entity3 , gender, age and diagnosis having no statistically significant influence. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that @entity0 ' disabilities in different diagnostic groups seem to be of a similar quality and nature despite differences in their severity. The impact of psychopathology on disability seems to be more important than the one of diagnosis per se.

title: XXXX in @entity1 , schizoaffective and affective disorders 15 years after first admission.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: The treatment of locally advanced @entity5 varies enormously both within the UK and internationally. Although chemoradiation is the treatment of choice in the USA, in the UK this modality is used infrequently because of concerns regarding both its efficacy and its @entity3 . We reviewed our experience with induction chemotherapy and selective chemoradiation in an attempt to show that it is a well-tolerated treatment that may be superior to chemotherapy alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case notes of @entity0 with locally advanced @entity5 referred to the @entity1 Centre between 1 March 2005 and 31 October 2007 were reviewed. Data on @entity0 demographics, @entity1 characteristics, treatment and overall survival were collected retrospectively. @entity3 data during chemoradiation were collected prospectively. @entity0 who had non-progressive disease after 3 months of chemotherapy were planned for chemoradiation using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy to a total dose of 4500-5040cGy in 25-28 daily fractions with @entity2 as a radiosensitiser. RESULTS: Of the 91 referrals, 69 (76%) were fit for active oncological treatment; 43/69 (62%) @entity0 were considered for induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation and 16/43 (37%) @entity0 received chemoradiation. The median overall survival for @entity0 receiving primary chemotherapy (n=26) was 9.2 (6.8-11.9) months and was 15.3 (11.6-upper limit not reached) months for @entity0 who received chemoradiation (n=16). During the induction chemotherapy 8/16 (50%) @entity0 experienced grade 3/4 @entity3 and there were five hospital admissions. During chemoradiation there were 6/16 (37.5%) cases of grade 3/4 @entity3 and two hospital admissions. There were no treatment-related @entity4 . Overall, 94.5% of the intended radiotherapy dose and 84% of the concurrent chemotherapy dose was delivered. CONCLUSIONS: In this UK network, about half of @entity0 were considered for chemoradiation, but only 18% received it. Survival and treatment-related @entity3 are consistent with data from other chemoradiation trials and in our series chemoradiation was tolerated better than chemotherapy alone. This supports the view that 'consolidation' chemoradiation is a viable treatment option that should be considered in selected @entity0 with locally advanced non-metastatic @entity5 .

title: Induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation in locally advanced XXXX : an effective and well-tolerated treatment.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing epidemiological evidence that short-term and long-term exposure to high levels of air pollution may increase @entity1 and mortality. In addition, epidemiological studies have shown an association between air pollution exposure and respiratory health. To what extent the association between @entity1 and air pollution is driven by the impact of air pollution on respiratory health is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether respiratory health at baseline contributes to the effects of long-term exposure to high levels of air pollution on @entity1 in a cohort of elderly @entity0 . METHOD: We analyzed data from 4750 @entity0 , aged 55 at the baseline investigation in the years 1985-1994. 2593 of these @entity0 had their lung function tested by spirometry. @entity3 and symptoms were asked by questionnaire. Ambient air pollution exposure was assessed by the concentrations of @entity4 and total suspended particles at fixed monitoring sites and by the distance of residency to a major road. A mortality follow-up of these @entity0 was conducted between 2001 and 2003. For the statistical analysis, Cox' regression was used. RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity2 or pre-existing @entity3 had a higher risk of dying from cardiovascular causes. The impact of @entity2 declined over time. The risk ratio (RR) of @entity0 with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of less than 80% predicted to die from cardiovascular causes was RR = 3.79 (95%CI: 1.64-8.74) at 5 years survival time and RR = 1.35 (95%CI: 0.66-2.77) at 12 years. The association between air pollution levels and @entity1 rate was strong and statistically significant. However, this association did only change marginally when including indicators of respiratory health into the regression analysis. Furthermore, no interaction between air pollution and respiratory health on @entity1 indicating a higher risk of those with impaired respiratory health could be detected. CONCLUSION: Respiratory health is a predictor for @entity1 . In @entity0 followed about 15 years after the baseline investigation at age 55 years long-term air pollution exposure and impaired respiratory health were independently associated with increased @entity1 .

title: Does respiratory health contribute to the effects of long-term air pollution exposure on XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: At this point three brain centres are thought to be involved in the regulation of the melanotrope cells of the pituitary pars intermedia of @entity2 : the magnocellular nucleus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the locus coeruleus. This study aims to investigate the existence of a fourth, serotonergic, centre controlling the melanotrope cells. In-vitro superfusion studies show that @entity1 has a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on peptide release (1.6 x basal level at 10(-6) M @entity1 ) from single melanotrope cells. Retrograde neuronal tract tracing experiments, with the membrane probe FAST Dil applied to the pars intermedia, reveals retrogradely labelled neurones in the magnocellular nucleus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the locus coeruleus and the raphe nucleus. Of these brain centres, after immunocytochemistry only the raphe nucleus revealed @entity1 -immunoreactive cell bodies. In addition, @entity1 -immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the nucleus of the paraventricular organ, the posteroventral tegmental nucleus and the reticular istmic nucleus. In the pituitary, the pars nervosa, pars intermedia and pars distalis all reveal @entity1 -immunoreactive nerve fibres. With immunocytochemical double-labelling for @entity0 hydroxylase and @entity1 no colocalization of @entity1 and @entity0 hydroxylase was observed in cell bodies in the brain, and in the pituitary hardly any colocalization was found in the nerve fibres. However, after in-vitro loading of neurointermediate lobes with @entity1 , @entity0 hydroxylase and @entity1 appear to coexist in a fibre network in the pars intermedia. On the basis of these data we propose that the melanotrope cells in the @entity2 pars intermedia are innervated by a 5-HT network originating in the raphe nucleus; this network represents the first identified stimulatory input to the pars intermedia of this species.

title: Serotonergic innervation of the pituitary pars intermedia of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long @entity5 leading to scapular winging is common, often caused by closed @entity2 through compression, stretching, traction, direct extrinsic force, @entity7 , or neuritides such as @entity8 . We undertook the largest series of long thoracic nerve decompression and neurolysis yet reported to demonstrate the @entity6 . METHODS: Winging was bilateral in 3 of the 47 @entity0 (26 male, 21 female), yielding a total of 50 procedures. The mean age of the @entity0 was 33.4 years, ranging from 24-57. Causation included heavy weight-lifting (31 @entity0 ), repetitive throwing (5 @entity0 ), deep massage (2 @entity0 ), repetitive @entity4 (1 @entity0 ), direct @entity2 (1 @entity0 ), @entity1 (1 @entity0 ), and idiopathic causes (9 @entity0 ). Decompression and microneurolysis of the long thoracic nerve were performed in the supraclavicular space. Follow-up (average of 25.7 months) consisted of physical examination and phone conversations. The degree of winging was measured by the operating surgeon (RKN). @entity0 also answered questions covering 11 quality-of-life facets spanning four domains of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire. RESULTS: @entity6 and neurolysis improved scapular winging in 49 (98%) of the 50 cases, producing "good" or "excellent" results in 46 cases (92%). At least some improvement occurred in 98% of cases that were less than 10 years old. @entity3 reduction through surgery was good or excellent in 43 (86%) cases. Shoulder instability affected 21 @entity0 preoperatively and persisted in 5 of these @entity0 after surgery, even in the 5 @entity0 with persistent instability who experienced some relief from the winging itself. CONCLUSION: Surgical decompression and neurolysis of the long thoracic nerve significantly improve scapular winging in appropriate @entity0 , for whom these techniques should be considered a primary modality of functional restoration.

title: Microneurolysis and decompression of long XXXX are effective in reversing scapular winging: long-term results in 50 cases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity4 is the most common @entity1 of the axial skeleton, though it is rarely found in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Reported is a case of @entity4 affecting the mandibular condyle of a 22-year-old Japanese @entity0 . The @entity0 visited the hospital with the chief complaint of @entity6 . She had @entity2 with clicking on her right @entity5 ( @entity5 ), resulting in trismus and @entity6 with a chin deviation to the left side. Her maximum jaw opening was 34 mm, with moderate left @entity5 tenderness. There was Class I occlusion without open bite. Panoramic radiography and computed tomography (CT) revealed an enlarged right mandibular condylar head. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also showed an enlarged condyle with hyperintense bone marrow on a T2-weighted image. Condylectomy and condyloplasty were performed. Surgical specimen of the lesion revealed @entity4 of the mandibular condyle head. Two months after the initial surgery, @entity6 was surgically corrected by Le @entity3 and chin reduction. The @entity0 was discharged from the hospital with no subjective complaints. At the time of this report, the @entity0 had been followed up for seven months, and there had been no evidence of recurrence.

title: @entity4 in the mandibular condyle that caused XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity4 is the most common @entity1 of the axial skeleton, though it is rarely found in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Reported is a case of @entity4 affecting the mandibular condyle of a 22-year-old Japanese @entity0 . The @entity0 visited the hospital with the chief complaint of @entity6 . She had @entity2 with clicking on her right @entity5 ( @entity5 ), resulting in trismus and @entity6 with a chin deviation to the left side. Her maximum jaw opening was 34 mm, with moderate left @entity5 tenderness. There was Class I occlusion without open bite. Panoramic radiography and computed tomography (CT) revealed an enlarged right mandibular condylar head. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also showed an enlarged condyle with hyperintense bone marrow on a T2-weighted image. Condylectomy and condyloplasty were performed. Surgical specimen of the lesion revealed @entity4 of the mandibular condyle head. Two months after the initial surgery, @entity6 was surgically corrected by Le @entity3 and chin reduction. The @entity0 was discharged from the hospital with no subjective complaints. At the time of this report, the @entity0 had been followed up for seven months, and there had been no evidence of recurrence.

title: XXXX in the mandibular condyle that caused @entity6 : a case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormal storage and/or access are among the hypothesized causes of semantic @entity5 in @entity2 . Neuropsychological and connectionist models have emphasized functional systems that serve the processing of word meaning and frequency: semantic storage disturbance is presumed to result from weak representations of word meaning; defective access is assumed to result from compromises to pathways that activate word frequency knowledge. Candidate biological systems include neuromodulatory pathways that normally function to enhance neural signals (e.g., cholinergic system). Electrophysiological responding may be informative regarding the storage-access distinction for @entity2 . METHODS: Visual event-related potentials were recorded for 14 @entity2 outpatients receiving atypical antipsychotics, and 14 healthy controls group-matched to @entity0 on age, gender, and demographics. N400 was elicited using an incidental semantic priming paradigm, in which semantic relatedness and word frequency were varied, and a letter probe task. RESULTS: Compared to controls, @entity0 showed reduced N400 (microV) discrimination of semantic relatedness. Groups also showed different patterns of N400 to word frequency. Controls' N400 increased in negativity as words decreased in frequency of occurrence, while @entity0 did not show a linear relationship between N400 and word frequency. Groups also differed for N400 to frequently occurring words. @entity0 exhibited increased negativity to high and very high frequency words, compared to controls. A subgroup of patients receiving antipsychotics with known affinity binding for muscarinic receptors ( @entity4 and @entity3 ) showed significant albeit limited N400 priming, but their N400 to word frequency remained nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest a @entity1 for @entity2 , as well as an influence of neuromodulators on the activation of connections among semantic representations. Cumulative findings indicating only limited N400 priming for @entity0 receiving either typical or atypical antipsychotics support the hypothesis that semantic @entity5 represents a trait marker for @entity2 .

title: Effects of word frequency on semantic memory in XXXX : electrophysiological evidence for a deficit in linguistic access.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether aerobic exercise improves aerobic capacity in individuals with @entity2 . DESIGN: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. DATABASES SEARCHED: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Physiotherapy Evidence Database were searched. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Design: randomized controlled trials (RCTs). @entity0 : individuals with @entity2 . INTERVENTIONS: aerobic exercise training aimed at improving aerobic capacity. OUTCOMES:                 <AbstractText Label="PRIMARY OUTCOMES" NlmCategory="METHODS">aerobic capacity (peak @entity1 consumption (VO2), peak workload). SECONDARY OUTCOMES: walking velocity, walking endurance. DATA ANALYSIS: The methodological quality was assessed by the PEDro scale. Meta-analyses were performed for all primary and secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Nine articles (seven RCTs) were identified. The exercise intensity ranged from 50% to 80% heart rate reserve. Exercise duration was 20-40 min for 3-5 days a week. The total number of subjects included in the studies was 480. All studies reported positive effects on aerobic capacity, regardless of the stage of @entity2 recovery. Meta-analysis revealed a significant homogeneous @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in favour of aerobic exercise to improve peak VO2 ( @entity3 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15-0.69; P=0.001) and peak workload ( @entity3 0.50; 95% CI 0.26-0.73; P<0.001). There was also a significant homogeneous @entity3 in favour of aerobic training to improve walking velocity ( @entity3 0.26; 95% CI 0.05-0.48; P= 0.008) and walking endurance ( @entity3 0.30; 95% CI 0.06-0.55; P= 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: There is good evidence that aerobic exercise is beneficial for improving aerobic capacity in @entity0 with mild and moderate @entity2 . Aerobic exercise should be an important component of @entity2 rehabilitation.

title: The use of aerobic exercise training in improving aerobic capacity in individuals with XXXX : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the use of a lacrimal bypass tube in the management of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity2 attributable to lacrimal pump failure in @entity1 . DESIGN: Multicenter retrospective interventional study. METHODS: Information regarding @entity0 demographics, diagnoses, symptoms, oculoplastic interventions, dacryocystorhinostomy, and Jones tube insertion were collected from @entity0 charts. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity0 were identified, in all of whom @entity2 was clinically and/or radiologically assessed as being attributable to pump failure, lid laxity having been corrected. All had @entity2 prior to Jones tube insertion. Dacryocystorhinostomy was performed in all; insertion of a Jones tube was performed simultaneously in 12, with delayed insertion in 6. @entity0 ' subjective @entity2 improved postoperatively in 15 of 18 (83.3%) and at final median follow-up of 27.5 months (range, 6 months to 31 years); symptoms were improved in 13 of 18 (72.2%). Complications occurred in 13 of 18 (72.2%), including tube extrusion and the need for repositioning. CONCLUSIONS: In this highly selected group of @entity0 , Jones tube insertion led to symptom improvement in 83.3% postoperatively and in 72.2% at median follow-up of 27.5 months. Tube extrusion and migration were common, although such complications were not unexpected and were treatable.

title: The lacrimal bypass tube for lacrimal pump failure attributable to XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Baseline renal function and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) during hospitalization for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) have a major prognostic impact in @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: We sought to prospectively investigate the impact of reduced baseline renal function and @entity3 during hospitalization on the 7-year outcome in 358 @entity0 surviving a first admission to hospital for @entity4 with preserved (>=  50%) ejection fraction (HFPEF). RESULTS: Mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 59.4    23.6 ml/min/1.73 m  . Low admission eGFR (<60 ml/min/1.73 m  ) was frequently observed (190 @entity0 --53% of the study population). Low baseline eGFR was associated with an increased risk of 7-year overall mortality (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.43[1.10-1.86]; p = 0.007) and @entity2 (unadjusted HR 1.57[1.13-2.19]; p = 0.007). After adjustment for covariates, the relationships remained significant. During hospitalization, @entity3 occurred in 43 @entity0 (12%). History of @entity3 , baseline systolic blood pressure >160 mm Hg, and baseline @entity5 were independent predictors of the development of @entity3 during hospitalization. @entity3 was independently predictive of 7-year overall mortality (adjusted HR 2.10[1.24-3.58]; p = 0.006) and @entity2 (adjusted HR 2.54[1.35-4.78]; p = 0.004) in @entity0 with low baseline eGFR but not in those with baseline eGFR >=  60 ml/min/1.73 m  . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 admitted for the first time for HFPEF, low baseline eGFR is a potent predictor of long-term mortality. @entity0 with @entity1 at baseline who develop @entity3 during hospitalization have particularly poor prognosis.

title: Renal function and long-term survival after hospital discharge in XXXX with preserved ejection fraction.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines might induce both anti- @entity2 immunity and @entity5 . In this report, we demonstrate elevated levels of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) in the sera of @entity1 with @entity2 who had received immunotherapy with a @entity2 -fusion vaccine. Twenty-two @entity1 were treated with DC vaccine of fusion cells composed of autologous DCs and @entity2 cells (DC/ @entity2 -fusion vaccine), which was generated by treating each cell type with @entity6 . Nine of the 22 @entity1 were treated with both the DC/ @entity2 -fusion vaccine and systemic administration of recombinant @entity1 interleukin (rhIL)-12. Serum levels of ANA were examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. One @entity1 with @entity4 ( @entity1 1, DC/ @entity2 -fusion vaccine alone), one @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity1 2, DC/ @entity2 -fusion vaccine alone) and one @entity1 with @entity3 ( @entity1 3, DC/ @entity2 -fusion vaccine + rhIL-12) showed significant elevations of serum ANA levels during treatment. In @entity1 1 @entity2 resolved and serum levels of @entity2 markers decreased. @entity1 2 and 3 remained in good physical condition during treatment for 24 and 9 months, respectively. Immunoblot analysis indicated antibody responses to autologous @entity2 cells after vaccination in @entity1 2. None of the treated @entity1 showed clinical symptoms suggesting @entity5 . @entity1 with elevated serum levels of ANA had significantly longer treatment periods than those without it. Elevated serum levels of ANA after DC/ @entity2 -fusion cell vaccine might be associated with anti- @entity2 immune response induced by the vaccination.

title: XXXX immunotherapy using @entity2 -fusion vaccine induces elevation of serum anti-nuclear antibody with better clinical responses.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines might induce both anti- @entity2 immunity and @entity5 . In this report, we demonstrate elevated levels of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) in the sera of @entity1 with @entity2 who had received immunotherapy with a @entity2 -fusion vaccine. Twenty-two @entity1 were treated with DC vaccine of fusion cells composed of autologous DCs and @entity2 cells (DC/ @entity2 -fusion vaccine), which was generated by treating each cell type with @entity6 . Nine of the 22 @entity1 were treated with both the DC/ @entity2 -fusion vaccine and systemic administration of recombinant @entity1 interleukin (rhIL)-12. Serum levels of ANA were examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. One @entity1 with @entity4 ( @entity1 1, DC/ @entity2 -fusion vaccine alone), one @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity1 2, DC/ @entity2 -fusion vaccine alone) and one @entity1 with @entity3 ( @entity1 3, DC/ @entity2 -fusion vaccine + rhIL-12) showed significant elevations of serum ANA levels during treatment. In @entity1 1 @entity2 resolved and serum levels of @entity2 markers decreased. @entity1 2 and 3 remained in good physical condition during treatment for 24 and 9 months, respectively. Immunoblot analysis indicated antibody responses to autologous @entity2 cells after vaccination in @entity1 2. None of the treated @entity1 showed clinical symptoms suggesting @entity5 . @entity1 with elevated serum levels of ANA had significantly longer treatment periods than those without it. Elevated serum levels of ANA after DC/ @entity2 -fusion cell vaccine might be associated with anti- @entity2 immune response induced by the vaccination.

title: @entity2 immunotherapy using XXXX -fusion vaccine induces elevation of serum anti-nuclear antibody with better clinical responses.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effects of intravitreal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator ( @entity4 ) and gas on submacular @entity1 in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Eleven consecutive @entity0 (11 eyes) with @entity1 due to @entity2 involving the fovea with elevation of the neurosensory retina were included in this study. @entity1 occured 12 h to 14 days before onset of therapy. Injection of @entity4 through the pars plana in a dose of 50 or 100 microg was performed. Gas instillation (0.2-0.4 ml) followed @entity4 injection, either immediately after injection (7 @entity0 ) or during the following day (4 @entity0 ). RESULTS: After intravitreal injection of @entity4 , subretinal clots were totally or partially liquefied when treatment started up to 3 days after onset of @entity1 . In all @entity0 treated with 100 microg @entity4 a large exudative @entity3 resulted, which reabsorbed spontaneously within 2 weeks. After reattachment of the exudative retinal @entity3 of the retinal pigment epithelium was noted. Temporary opacification of the vitreous was observed between the 2nd and 7th postoperative day in 5 eyes (45.5%). Postoperative visual acuity increased in 5 @entity0 (45.5%). CONCLUSION: Intravitreal application of @entity4 followed by gas injection is a sufficient and convenient technique for effective removal of freshly formed submacular @entity1 . Removal is mediated through combined enzymatic ( @entity4 ) and mechanical (gas) effects. This technique offers a quick recovery of vision in eyes with less severe @entity2 .

title: Management of acute submacular XXXX using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and gas.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Body mass index [BMI, weight (kg)/height (m2)], a measure of relative weight, is a good overall indicator of nutritional status and predictor of overall health. As in many developing countries, the high prevalence of very low BMIs in India represents an important public health risk. @entity1 , smoked in the form of cigarettes or bidis (handmade by rolling a dried rectangular piece of temburni leaf with 0.15-0.25 g of @entity1 ) or chewed, is another important determinant of health. @entity1 use also may exert a strong influence on BMI. METHODS: The relationship between very low BMI (< 18.5 kg/m2) and @entity1 use was examined using data from a representative cross-sectional survey of 99,598 adults (40,071 @entity0 and 59,527 @entity0 ) carried out in the city of Mumbai (formerly known as Bombay) in western India. @entity0 were @entity0 and @entity0 aged > or = 35 years who were residents of the main city of Mumbai. RESULTS: All forms of @entity1 use were associated with low BMI. The prevalence of low BMI was highest in bidi-smokers (32% compared to 13% in non-users). For smokers, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were OR = 1.80(1.65 to 1.96) for @entity0 and OR = 1.59(1.09 to 2.32) for @entity0 , respectively, relative to non-users. For smokeless @entity1 and mixed habits (smoking and smokeless @entity1 ), OR = 1.28(1.19 to 1.38) and OR = 1.83(1.67 to 2.00) for @entity0 and OR = 1.50(1.43 to 1.59) and OR = 2.19(1.90 to 3.41) for @entity0 , respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1 use appears to be an independent risk factor for low BMI in this population. We conclude that in such populations @entity1 control research and interventions will need to be conducted in concert with nutrition research and interventions in order to improve the overall health status of the population.

title: Association between XXXX use and body mass index in urban Indian population: implications for public health in India.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 is characterized by failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax in response to swallowing and by an absence of peristalsis in the esophageal body. Absence of a gastric air bubble is a well known radiological finding. @entity1 results in reappearance of the gastric bubble. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 43-year-old Indian @entity0 with @entity2 whose chest X-ray at the time of presentation showed an air bubble in the gastric region causing a diagnostic quandary. Successful dilatation of the lower esophageal sphincter resulted in the appearance of another air bubble in the gastric region. Proper analysis showed that the first bubble was actually a colonic air bubble of the @entity3 and the appearance of the second bubble was the anticipated gastric air bubble. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 presenting with @entity2 , a colonic air bubble may be seen in the gastric region causing diagnostic difficulty. In these @entity0 , a gastric air bubble may appear after pneumatic dilatation. At the end of the procedure, there will be two air bubbles ("double bubble"): a colonic and a gastric air bubble. To our knowledge, this finding has not been reported in the literature thus far.

title: Appearance of a double bubble in XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of chronic antidepressants were investigated in an animal procedure for the study of @entity2 and anxiolytics, the conditioned suppression of operant behavior in @entity1 . In daily 18-min sessions, three periods of nonpunished lever pressing for food alternated with two 4-min periods signaled by a light-on conditioned stimulus during which 50% of the responses were randomly punished by electric foot shocks. Antidepressants were administered once daily for 7-8 weeks to trained, food-restricted @entity1 . @entity7 (dose regimen increase from 4 to 16 mg/kg/day) induced a gradual (4-5-week latency) release of response suppression during punished periods over the course of several weeks of testing. This anxiolytic-like effect was still present 3 weeks following drug discontinuation. In contrast, chronic @entity5 (dose regimen increase from 4 to 16 mg/kg/day), @entity6 (4 to 16 mg/kg/day), @entity8 (2 to 4 mg/kg/day), and @entity3 (1 or 8 mg/kg/day; constant dose), resulted in no change in punished responding, suggesting that no anxiolytic-like effect developed in the course of chronic treatment with these compounds. The largest dose of all antidepressants studied (except @entity3 ) induced a moderate to marked reduction of nonpunished performance that disappeared within 1 week after the last injection. A transient release of conditioned response suppression emerged during the week that followed discontinuation of @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity3 (8 mg/kg/day). This apparent anxiolytic-like activity might be due to a reduction of some adverse effect induced by the high doses used, and/or might have resulted from a new dynamic equilibrium between @entity4 release, reuptake processes, and sensitivity of postsynaptic receptors. In conclusion, operant conflict procedures in @entity1 seem not particularly able to model @entity0 @entity2 sensitive to chronic antidepressant treatments.

title: Effects of chronic antidepressants in an operant conflict procedure of XXXX in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of chronic antidepressants were investigated in an animal procedure for the study of @entity2 and anxiolytics, the conditioned suppression of operant behavior in @entity1 . In daily 18-min sessions, three periods of nonpunished lever pressing for food alternated with two 4-min periods signaled by a light-on conditioned stimulus during which 50% of the responses were randomly punished by electric foot shocks. Antidepressants were administered once daily for 7-8 weeks to trained, food-restricted @entity1 . @entity7 (dose regimen increase from 4 to 16 mg/kg/day) induced a gradual (4-5-week latency) release of response suppression during punished periods over the course of several weeks of testing. This anxiolytic-like effect was still present 3 weeks following drug discontinuation. In contrast, chronic @entity5 (dose regimen increase from 4 to 16 mg/kg/day), @entity6 (4 to 16 mg/kg/day), @entity8 (2 to 4 mg/kg/day), and @entity3 (1 or 8 mg/kg/day; constant dose), resulted in no change in punished responding, suggesting that no anxiolytic-like effect developed in the course of chronic treatment with these compounds. The largest dose of all antidepressants studied (except @entity3 ) induced a moderate to marked reduction of nonpunished performance that disappeared within 1 week after the last injection. A transient release of conditioned response suppression emerged during the week that followed discontinuation of @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity3 (8 mg/kg/day). This apparent anxiolytic-like activity might be due to a reduction of some adverse effect induced by the high doses used, and/or might have resulted from a new dynamic equilibrium between @entity4 release, reuptake processes, and sensitivity of postsynaptic receptors. In conclusion, operant conflict procedures in @entity1 seem not particularly able to model @entity0 @entity2 sensitive to chronic antidepressant treatments.

title: Effects of chronic antidepressants in an operant conflict procedure of @entity2 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 , a Rho kinase inhibitor, was reported to dilate the constricted ductus arteriosus in vitro, and was suggested as a neonatal bridge to heart surgery. OBJECTIVES: To clarify the in vivo effectiveness of @entity2 to dilate the neonatal ductus arteriosus, and its usefulness as a bridge to heart surgery. METHODS: We studied the dose and timing of administration of @entity2 in the neonatal @entity0 . Postnatal ductal closure was studied on the 21st gestational day following cesarean section and incubation for 30-480 min in room air at 33 degrees C, with a rapid whole-body freezing method. In control @entity0 , the ductus closed rapidly after birth, and the ductal diameter was 0.80 and 0.12 mm at 0 and 30 min after birth. @entity2 was injected peritoneally into the neonate, and the ductus was studied 30 min after injection and 60 min after birth. RESULTS: @entity2 , 10 mg/kg, injected within 5 min after birth, dilated the ductus completely to 0.8 mm, and the dose used clinically, 1 mg/kg, dilated the ductus to 0.4 mm. The ductus-dilating effect of @entity2 decreased rapidly as the neonatal ductus constricted. @entity2 , 100 mg/kg, dilated the ductus completely, but induced severe @entity1 and frequent death in 1-hour-old @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 dilates the neonatal ductus arteriosus dose-dependently in the @entity0 . @entity2 in large doses dilates the neonatal ductus completely, but is associated with fatal side effects, including @entity1 .

title: In vivo dilatation of the ductus arteriosus by Rho kinase inhibition in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ) infects a number of organs and tissues in vivo. The different symptoms and tissue tropisms of @entity2 perhaps result from genetic polymorphism. A new region of DNA containing at least 19 open reading frames (ORFs) (denoted UL133 to 151) was found in the low-passage HCMV clinical strain, Toledo, and several other low-passage clinical isolates, but not present in the HCMV laboratory strain, AD169. One of these genes, UL143, was studied to explore the sequence variability of UL143 ORF in HCMV clinical isolates and examine the possible association between gene variability and the outcome of @entity2 . METHODS: The UL143 gene of the strains obtained from suspected congenitally HCMV-infected @entity0 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. RESULTS: Nineteen sequences of the strains were divided into 2 major groups, G(1) (n = 16) and G(2) (n = 3). All of the sequences had frame-shift mutation compared to Toledo. Nucleotide polymorphisms conferred substantial @entity1 substitutions when compared with Toledo. All 16 UL143 putative proteins of the strains in G(1) had a new myristylation site and loss of two @entity4 sites owing to missense mutations. No convincing relationships were observed between the presence of HCMV disease and the UL143 sequence group. CONCLUSIONS: HCMV-UL143 existed in low passage isolates. Sequence variability caused by frame-shift mutation was found in all HCMV clinical strains. No obvious linkage was observed between UL143 polymorphisms and the outcome of suspected @entity2 .

title: Sequence variability of XXXX UL143 in low-passage clinical isolates.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinicopathological @entity2 and to calculate survival rates (SR) with disease free survival rates (DFSR) and recurrence rates (RR) in different treatment modalities and to compare the results of surgery alone and radiotherapy alone in stage I and stage II disease and to calculate better option of treatment in @entity2 . DESIGN: A longitudinal study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad (PIMS) from January 1987 to June 1998. @entity0 AND METHODS: Case histories of 67 @entity0 were collected from departmental record. Clinical data included age at diagnosis, gender of @entity0 , location of @entity2 , presenting symptoms and their duration, biopsy report, predominant histological pattern of @entity2 , nodal status, stage of @entity2 , treatment modality employed, @entity2 recurrence, @entity1 and survival rates with disease-free survival rates after 2 year s follow-up. RESULTS: Among 67 @entity0 there were 31 males and 36 females. Mean age was 50 years (range 20 to 80 years). Sixtyseven @entity0 with primary @entity2 constituted 38.8% of oral @entity2 during period of 1987 to 1998 in PIMS. Smoking, poor orodental hygiene (PODH) and betel nuts chewing were the main risk factors. Odynophagia and painful @entity4 on lateral border of tongue were the main clinical symptoms with average duration of 7 months. Regional lymph nodes were palpable in 32.8%, 5.5% was in stage I, 35.8% in stage II, 29.8% in stage III, and 28.3% was in stage IV. No @entity0 was found to have distant @entity1 . Histopathology in 94% of cases was @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Recurrence and survival rates were determined in 49 @entity0 . Average time of recurrence was 12.5 months. Recurrence was 100% loco regional (LR). It was 85.7% in @entity0 treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone, 42.1% in @entity0 treated with surgery alone and 31.2% in @entity0 treated with combination of surgery and radiotherapy (RT). Two years survival was 64.2%, 84.2%, 93.7% and 2 years disease-free survival was 14.2%, 57.8% and 68.7% in @entity0 treated with radiotherapy, surgery and combination of radiotherapy (RT) and surgery respectively. CONCLUSION: In early stages of @entity3 could be used but surgery is better option to decrease the recurrence and to improve the quality of life. In late stages combination of surgery and RT is better than single modality treatment.

title: Clinicopathological XXXX and early @entity2 treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinicopathological @entity2 and to calculate survival rates (SR) with disease free survival rates (DFSR) and recurrence rates (RR) in different treatment modalities and to compare the results of surgery alone and radiotherapy alone in stage I and stage II disease and to calculate better option of treatment in @entity2 . DESIGN: A longitudinal study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad (PIMS) from January 1987 to June 1998. @entity0 AND METHODS: Case histories of 67 @entity0 were collected from departmental record. Clinical data included age at diagnosis, gender of @entity0 , location of @entity2 , presenting symptoms and their duration, biopsy report, predominant histological pattern of @entity2 , nodal status, stage of @entity2 , treatment modality employed, @entity2 recurrence, @entity1 and survival rates with disease-free survival rates after 2 year s follow-up. RESULTS: Among 67 @entity0 there were 31 males and 36 females. Mean age was 50 years (range 20 to 80 years). Sixtyseven @entity0 with primary @entity2 constituted 38.8% of oral @entity2 during period of 1987 to 1998 in PIMS. Smoking, poor orodental hygiene (PODH) and betel nuts chewing were the main risk factors. Odynophagia and painful @entity4 on lateral border of tongue were the main clinical symptoms with average duration of 7 months. Regional lymph nodes were palpable in 32.8%, 5.5% was in stage I, 35.8% in stage II, 29.8% in stage III, and 28.3% was in stage IV. No @entity0 was found to have distant @entity1 . Histopathology in 94% of cases was @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Recurrence and survival rates were determined in 49 @entity0 . Average time of recurrence was 12.5 months. Recurrence was 100% loco regional (LR). It was 85.7% in @entity0 treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone, 42.1% in @entity0 treated with surgery alone and 31.2% in @entity0 treated with combination of surgery and radiotherapy (RT). Two years survival was 64.2%, 84.2%, 93.7% and 2 years disease-free survival was 14.2%, 57.8% and 68.7% in @entity0 treated with radiotherapy, surgery and combination of radiotherapy (RT) and surgery respectively. CONCLUSION: In early stages of @entity3 could be used but surgery is better option to decrease the recurrence and to improve the quality of life. In late stages combination of surgery and RT is better than single modality treatment.

title: Clinicopathological @entity2 and early XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: When presented with results from clinical measurements or research findings, clinicians must first make an interpretation of their importance, not only in statistical terms, but also the 'clinical importance' given the size of the change observed. To do this, they require an understanding of the relationship between their outcome measures, and the @entity0 's perception of change. The @entity1 ( @entity1 ) illustrates this relationship by calculating the smallest change in a given outcome that is meaningful to a @entity0 . There are few reports of calculated MCIDs in the Rhinology literature. OBJECTIVE: To calculate MCIDs for common subjective and objective outcome measures in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Nine randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trials in intermittent and persistent @entity2 (pooled subjects, n=204) were analysed using anchor- and distribution-based approaches, applying regression and meta-analysis techniques. RESULTS: MCIDs were obtained for the Mini @entity3 Quality of Life Questionnaire: 0.4 units, peak nasal inspiratory flow: 5 L/min and total nasal symptoms score: 0.55 units. Nasal NO measurement changes had no correlation with @entity0 perceptions of benefit. CONCLUSION: Estimates of MCIDs were obtained for common subjective and objective rhinological outcomes. MCIDs can and should be applied by physicians interpreting research findings, as well as researchers reporting their findings. We can then be confident that our changes in practice will be of perceptible benefit to the @entity0 .

title: The @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: When presented with results from clinical measurements or research findings, clinicians must first make an interpretation of their importance, not only in statistical terms, but also the 'clinical importance' given the size of the change observed. To do this, they require an understanding of the relationship between their outcome measures, and the @entity0 's perception of change. The @entity1 ( @entity1 ) illustrates this relationship by calculating the smallest change in a given outcome that is meaningful to a @entity0 . There are few reports of calculated MCIDs in the Rhinology literature. OBJECTIVE: To calculate MCIDs for common subjective and objective outcome measures in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Nine randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trials in intermittent and persistent @entity2 (pooled subjects, n=204) were analysed using anchor- and distribution-based approaches, applying regression and meta-analysis techniques. RESULTS: MCIDs were obtained for the Mini @entity3 Quality of Life Questionnaire: 0.4 units, peak nasal inspiratory flow: 5 L/min and total nasal symptoms score: 0.55 units. Nasal NO measurement changes had no correlation with @entity0 perceptions of benefit. CONCLUSION: Estimates of MCIDs were obtained for common subjective and objective rhinological outcomes. MCIDs can and should be applied by physicians interpreting research findings, as well as researchers reporting their findings. We can then be confident that our changes in practice will be of perceptible benefit to the @entity0 .

title: The XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find the association of time of referral of asphyxiated newborns with the outcome. DESIGN: Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Neonatal Unit of @entity0 's Hospital, Lahore, from August to December 2000. @entity0 AND METHODS: One hundred fifty newborns with @entity1 were studied, who fulfilled four out of six Levene criteria. Exclusion criteria included age more than 48 hours at the time of admission, @entity3 due to other causes, birth weight less than 1500 grams, gestational age less than 34 weeks, major @entity1 , @entity6 , severe @entity5 , @entity2 and @entity4 . Newborns were divided into two groups. Group A (n=78,52%) comprised of those newborns who reached our hospital within 12 hours after birth and group B (n=7, 48%) were those newborns who reached between 12-48 hours. Outcome was described either good outcome (newborns discharged from hospital in good clinical condition having normal vital signs, taking oral feed and not requiring medicine) or poor outcome (newborns expired during stay in neonatal unit). Chi-square test was applied and p-value was calculated. RESULTS: One hundred and seventeen (117) newborns (78%) were males and 33 (22%) were females. Thirty-five (35) mothers (23%) had proper antenatal visits to trained medical professionals. Majority of mothers (n=59, 39%) had their visits to untrained midwives, 56 mothers (37%) to semi-trained @entity0 like a midwife, LHV or nurse. Majority (n =93, 61%) of study population were home delivered. Thirty-six newborns (24%) were delivered at private clinics and maternity homes while only 21 newborns (14%) came from tertiary care centers. Mortality was 24% in group A as compared to 76% in group B (p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Those asphyxiated newborns who reached to a tertiary care hospital earlier had significantly better outcome as compared to those who arrived late. Early recognition of @entity1 and referral, therefore, reduces morbidity and mortality.

title: Does early referral to tertiary care decrease the mortality related to XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Respiratory complications can undermine outcome from low cervical @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (C5-T1). Most devastating of these is catastrophic loss of airway control. This study sought to determine the incidence and effect of catastrophic airway loss ( @entity6 ) and to define the need for elective intubation with subsequent tracheostomy to prevent potentially fatal outcomes. METHODS: A database of 54,838 consecutive @entity0 treated in a level I @entity1 center between January 1988 and December 2004 was queried to identify @entity0 with low cervical @entity4 , without @entity2 . @entity0 were then stratified into complete or incomplete @entity4 groups, based on clinical assessment of their @entity4 . Mortality, age, injury severity, need for intubation, and tracheostomy were analyzed for each group using Fisher's exact test or Student's t test, as appropriate, accepting p < 0.05 as significant. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-six @entity0 met inclusion criteria. The majority of low cervical @entity4 were complete (58%). Overall, 127 (68%) @entity0 required intubation, 88 (69%) required tracheostomy, and 27 died (15% of study population). Between each group there were significant differences in age and Injury Severity Score, however, within each group there were no significant differences in either. Eleven CSCI @entity0 were not intubated; four of whom were at family request. Six of the remaining seven @entity0 encountered fatal catastrophic airway loss. One @entity0 was discharged to rehabilitation. @entity0 with incomplete @entity4 required intubation less frequently (38%); however, 50% of those required tracheostomy for intractable @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that regardless of severity of low cervical @entity4 , immediate, thorough evaluation for @entity5 is necessary. Early intubation is mandatory for CSCI @entity0 . For incomplete @entity0 evidence of @entity5 should prompt immediate airway intervention, half of whom will require tracheostomy.

title: Definitive establishment of airway control is critical for optimal outcome in lower cervical XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most controversial problem in treating @entity1 is whether bone grafts are necessary for @entity1 . METHODS: We treated 105 @entity1 using Herbert screws (1988-1997), AO 3.0 mm cannulated screws (1998-2002), and Acutrak screws (2003-2006). The @entity0 ranged in age from 14 years to 67 years (average, 26 years). Our classifications were based on the radiographic findings: linear type (51 cases); cystic type (24 cases); and @entity2 or displaced type (30 cases). Linear and cystic types did not have any displacement more than 2 mm. If the @entity1 line had a @entity2 zone thicker than 1 mm, it was classified as @entity2 or displaced. The length of time before surgery did not affect the classification. Osteosynthesis was performed--without bone graft in all linear cases, with a bone graft in 7 and without a bone graft in 17 cases in cystic type, and with all bone graft in @entity2 or displaced type. RESULTS: Bone union was achieved in all cases in linear type. There were one failure (AO) in 7 cases with bone graft and 3 failures (1 Herbert and 2 AO) in 17 cases without bone graft in cystic type. All 10 cases achieved bone union without bone graft in cystic type using Acutrak screw. There were two failure cases (2 AO) in @entity2 or displaced type. CONCLUSIONS: Screw fixation without bone graft using Acutrak screws was a reliable strategy for the treatment of @entity1 .

title: Percutaneous screw fixation without bone graft for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, performance monitoring has gained increasing attention as a tool for evaluating the delivery of health care services and is a topic of increasing importance in @entity1 systems. The main objective of this article is to illustrate a proactive method for assessing the performance of @entity1 centers in England and Wales, while taking into account common causes of variation. The aim is to present a methodology that is easily interpretable and avoids the spurious ranking of hospitals which can often lead to the misinterpretation on what is perceived to be the best and worst performing hospital, as measured by a prespecified performance indicator. METHODS: The Ws statistic was introduced over 10 years ago to quantify the performance of @entity1 care systems through definitive outcome based evaluation ( @entity2 ) methods. Little advancement on this methodology has been made since its introduction. In this article, we highlight some of the limitations and problems associated with these @entity2 methods and introduce the funnel plot, a form of control chart to monitor hospital performance. RESULTS: The number of @entity0 included in a Ws statistical analysis can seriously change the ranking of a hospital. These complex issues with ranking means that league tables (or standings charts), which form part of the @entity2 method are an unsatisfactory method to represent performance indicators. The funnel plot methodology is an alternative graphical method for monitoring hospital performance, which has no emphasis on ranking. We demonstrate the method using mortality data and length of stay as the performance indicators. CONCLUSION: The funnel plot is a flexible, attractively simple method for comparing hospital performance and avoids spurious ranking of hospitals in league tables. The method can be applied to any number of performance indicators and can help formulate hypotheses about individual hospital characteristics likely to improve performance.

title: The use of statistical process control for monitoring institutional performance in XXXX care.

answer: @entity1


abstract: When the clinical decision to treat a @entity5 patient with antibiotics has been made, one must attempt to identify the site of @entity2 based on clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory or diagnostic radiology studies. Identification of site requires, examination of @entity0 , inspection of all wounds, chest radiograph, and calculation of clinical @entity3 score if ventilated, obtaining blood cultures, urinalysis, and line change if clinical suspicion of central venous catheter (CVC) source. If it is impossible to identify site, obtain cultures from all accessible suspected sites and initiate empiric, broad spectrum antibiotics. If likely site can be identified answer these questions: Is intra-abdominal site suspected? Is pulmonary source of @entity2 suspected? Is skin, skin structure or soft tissue site suspected? If yes, does the @entity0 have clinical signs suspicion for @entity1 soft tissue @entity2 (NSTI)? Is a CVC @entity2 suspected? Risk factors for more complicated @entity2 are discussed and specific antibiotic recommendations are provided for each type and severity of @entity4 . Decision to continue, discontinue and/or alter antibiotic/antimicrobial treatment should be based on the clinical response to treatment, diagnostic or interventional findings, and culture and sensitivity data, bearing in mind that not all @entity0 with @entity2 will have positive cultures because of limitations of specimen handling, microbiology laboratory variations, time between specimen acquisition and culture, or presence of effective antibiotics at the time that specimens were obtained. It should also be noted that not all @entity0 with increased temperature/WBC have an @entity2 . Discontinuation of antibiotics is appropriate if cultures and other diagnostic studies are negative.

title: Inflammation and the host response to injury, a large-scale collaborative project: XXXX -oriented research core--standard operating procedures for clinical care VII--Guidelines for antibiotic administration in severely injured @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: When the clinical decision to treat a @entity5 patient with antibiotics has been made, one must attempt to identify the site of @entity2 based on clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory or diagnostic radiology studies. Identification of site requires, examination of @entity0 , inspection of all wounds, chest radiograph, and calculation of clinical @entity3 score if ventilated, obtaining blood cultures, urinalysis, and line change if clinical suspicion of central venous catheter (CVC) source. If it is impossible to identify site, obtain cultures from all accessible suspected sites and initiate empiric, broad spectrum antibiotics. If likely site can be identified answer these questions: Is intra-abdominal site suspected? Is pulmonary source of @entity2 suspected? Is skin, skin structure or soft tissue site suspected? If yes, does the @entity0 have clinical signs suspicion for @entity1 soft tissue @entity2 (NSTI)? Is a CVC @entity2 suspected? Risk factors for more complicated @entity2 are discussed and specific antibiotic recommendations are provided for each type and severity of @entity4 . Decision to continue, discontinue and/or alter antibiotic/antimicrobial treatment should be based on the clinical response to treatment, diagnostic or interventional findings, and culture and sensitivity data, bearing in mind that not all @entity0 with @entity2 will have positive cultures because of limitations of specimen handling, microbiology laboratory variations, time between specimen acquisition and culture, or presence of effective antibiotics at the time that specimens were obtained. It should also be noted that not all @entity0 with increased temperature/WBC have an @entity2 . Discontinuation of antibiotics is appropriate if cultures and other diagnostic studies are negative.

title: Inflammation and the host response to injury, a large-scale collaborative project: @entity0 -oriented research core--standard operating procedures for clinical care VII--Guidelines for antibiotic administration in severely injured XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Variances of drawing arm movements between @entity0 with @entity1 and healthy controls were compared. The aim was to determine whether differences in joint synergies or individual joint rotations affect the endpoint (hand position) variance. Joint and endpoint coordinates were measured while @entity0 performed drawing tasks. Variances of arm configurations and endpoints were computed and statistically analyzed for 12 @entity0 and 12 controls. The variance of arm movements for @entity0 (both for arm configuration and endpoint) was overall higher than that for the control group. Variation was smaller for drawing a circle versus a square and for drawing with the dominant versus the nondominant hand within both groups. The ratio of arm configuration variances between groups was similar to the ratio of endpoint variances. There were significant differences in the velocity, but not in the path lengths of movements comparing the two groups. @entity0 presented @entity2 stability while drawing different figures in different trials. Moreover, the similarity of the ratios suggests that the ill-coordinated hand movement was caused by the error in the movements of individual body parts rather than by the lack of intersegmental coordination. Thus, rehabilitation may focus on the improvement of the precision of individual joint rotations.

title: The relation of hand and arm configuration variances while tracking geometric figures in XXXX : aspects for rehabilitation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Urologic complications cause substantial morbidity in the pediatric population after renal transplantation, but their impact on graft survival and transplant costs is poorly understood. In this retrospective review, we evaluated the records of all pediatric renal transplant recipients at our center from 1995 to 2004. METHODS: @entity0 demographics, presence of urinary leak, stricture, compression, or @entity3 , and hospital costs were analyzed. Univariable analysis identified predictors of complications and of need for reoperation, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess graft survival in relation to @entity2 . RESULTS: One hundred forty-seven @entity0 received renal transplants; mean follow-up was 1478+/-965 days. Nine (6.1%) @entity0 had @entity4 and seven (4.8%) @entity0 developed @entity3 requiring reoperation. Sex, @entity1 time, race, previous transplant, donor type, nephrectomy technique, and stent use did not affect the incidence of @entity4 . Previous urologic reconstruction and pretransplant ureteral pathologic conditions increased the risk of urologic complication and @entity3 . @entity0 with @entity4 had equivalent graft survival, but triple the hospital costs of unaffected recipients. CONCLUSIONS: Prior urologic surgery is associated with increased risk of @entity4 posttransplant. Posttransplant @entity4 are associated with substantially increased costs in the first year after transplant, but not with decreased graft survival.

title: Early XXXX after pediatric renal transplant: a single-center experience.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 of unknown origin (FUO) at the present time is most frequently caused by @entity1 and less commonly by infection. Currently, @entity13 ( @entity13 ) are an uncommon cause of FUO because most are readily diagnosable by serologic methods and do not remain undiagnosed for sufficient time to present as FUOs. @entity13 presenting as FUOs not readily diagnosable with specific tests include late-onset @entity6 , adult @entity6 , and @entity14 rheumatica/ @entity5 (TA). TA, or @entity5 , is an uncommon @entity15 of the mid- and large-sized extracranial arteries of the head and neck and is a rare cause of FUO. TA is characterized by @entity2 , scalp tenderness, @entity3 on chewing, and @entity11 . @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity7 , and night sweats may also be present. With TA, respiratory symptoms occur in 9% and are the presenting feature in 4%. @entity10 associated with TA include a highly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, @entity8 , and @entity12 , and mildly increased alkaline phosphatase/serum transaminases. @entity0 : We present a @entity0 with FUO caused by TA whose predominant presenting symptom was persistent cough that overshadowed head and neck symptoms of TA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of TA presenting as an FUO, with a highly elevated serum ferritin level. RESULTS: We conclude that highly elevated serum ferritin levels in @entity0 with FUO should alert the clinician to consider TA in the differential diagnosis.

title: @entity4 of unknown origin: XXXX presenting with persistent cough and elevated serum ferritin levels.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 of unknown origin (FUO) at the present time is most frequently caused by @entity1 and less commonly by infection. Currently, @entity13 ( @entity13 ) are an uncommon cause of FUO because most are readily diagnosable by serologic methods and do not remain undiagnosed for sufficient time to present as FUOs. @entity13 presenting as FUOs not readily diagnosable with specific tests include late-onset @entity6 , adult @entity6 , and @entity14 rheumatica/ @entity5 (TA). TA, or @entity5 , is an uncommon @entity15 of the mid- and large-sized extracranial arteries of the head and neck and is a rare cause of FUO. TA is characterized by @entity2 , scalp tenderness, @entity3 on chewing, and @entity11 . @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity7 , and night sweats may also be present. With TA, respiratory symptoms occur in 9% and are the presenting feature in 4%. @entity10 associated with TA include a highly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, @entity8 , and @entity12 , and mildly increased alkaline phosphatase/serum transaminases. @entity0 : We present a @entity0 with FUO caused by TA whose predominant presenting symptom was persistent cough that overshadowed head and neck symptoms of TA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of TA presenting as an FUO, with a highly elevated serum ferritin level. RESULTS: We conclude that highly elevated serum ferritin levels in @entity0 with FUO should alert the clinician to consider TA in the differential diagnosis.

title: XXXX of unknown origin: @entity5 presenting with persistent cough and elevated serum ferritin levels.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with @entity1 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity3 ) and melphalan on circulating T cells from @entity1 @entity0 using two different methods. DESIGN: Eight @entity0 undergoing an ILP entered the study. At first, the number of T cells at several time points was determined using FACScan. Subsequently, production of @entity4 ) ( @entity10 (T-helper 2) was measured at the intracytoplasmic level after stimulation with @entity7 ( @entity11 ) and @entity8 . @entity4 , @entity10 and @entity6 (also T-helper 1) production in the whole-blood cell culture system was then determined after stimulation with a combination of anti-CD3/anti- @entity9 monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: An enormous decrease in the number of circulating T cells was observed. In the remaining T-cell population cytokine production ( @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity4 ) was @entity2 , showing the same pattern in both methods. No difference could be detected between the effect of @entity3 and melphalan on @entity5 cells and Th2 cells. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that @entity3 and melphalan reduce the number of circulating T cells and at the single-cell level decrease cytokine production in the remaining circulating T cells. No selective effect of @entity3 on @entity5 or Th2 cells could be detected. If the impaired T-cell function is representative of all T cells remaining in the systemic circulation, this could help to explain the tolerability of high TNF concentrations after ILP, perhaps by decreasing the synthesis and production of T-cell-derived cytokines.

title: Effects of @entity1 necrosis factor alpha and melphalan on the cytokine production of circulating T cells in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with @entity1 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity3 ) and melphalan on circulating T cells from @entity1 @entity0 using two different methods. DESIGN: Eight @entity0 undergoing an ILP entered the study. At first, the number of T cells at several time points was determined using FACScan. Subsequently, production of @entity4 ) ( @entity10 (T-helper 2) was measured at the intracytoplasmic level after stimulation with @entity7 ( @entity11 ) and @entity8 . @entity4 , @entity10 and @entity6 (also T-helper 1) production in the whole-blood cell culture system was then determined after stimulation with a combination of anti-CD3/anti- @entity9 monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: An enormous decrease in the number of circulating T cells was observed. In the remaining T-cell population cytokine production ( @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity4 ) was @entity2 , showing the same pattern in both methods. No difference could be detected between the effect of @entity3 and melphalan on @entity5 cells and Th2 cells. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that @entity3 and melphalan reduce the number of circulating T cells and at the single-cell level decrease cytokine production in the remaining circulating T cells. No selective effect of @entity3 on @entity5 or Th2 cells could be detected. If the impaired T-cell function is representative of all T cells remaining in the systemic circulation, this could help to explain the tolerability of high TNF concentrations after ILP, perhaps by decreasing the synthesis and production of T-cell-derived cytokines.

title: Effects of XXXX necrosis factor alpha and melphalan on the cytokine production of circulating T cells in @entity0 with @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with @entity1 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity3 ) and melphalan on circulating T cells from @entity1 @entity0 using two different methods. DESIGN: Eight @entity0 undergoing an ILP entered the study. At first, the number of T cells at several time points was determined using FACScan. Subsequently, production of @entity4 ) ( @entity10 (T-helper 2) was measured at the intracytoplasmic level after stimulation with @entity7 ( @entity11 ) and @entity8 . @entity4 , @entity10 and @entity6 (also T-helper 1) production in the whole-blood cell culture system was then determined after stimulation with a combination of anti-CD3/anti- @entity9 monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: An enormous decrease in the number of circulating T cells was observed. In the remaining T-cell population cytokine production ( @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity4 ) was @entity2 , showing the same pattern in both methods. No difference could be detected between the effect of @entity3 and melphalan on @entity5 cells and Th2 cells. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that @entity3 and melphalan reduce the number of circulating T cells and at the single-cell level decrease cytokine production in the remaining circulating T cells. No selective effect of @entity3 on @entity5 or Th2 cells could be detected. If the impaired T-cell function is representative of all T cells remaining in the systemic circulation, this could help to explain the tolerability of high TNF concentrations after ILP, perhaps by decreasing the synthesis and production of T-cell-derived cytokines.

title: Effects of @entity1 necrosis factor alpha and melphalan on the cytokine production of circulating T cells in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Alpinia zerumbet, known in Brazil as col  nia, is popularly used as a diuretic, antihypertensive, anti-ulcerogenic and sedative. Based on this, we have investigated the central effects of the essential oil isolated from A. zerumbet leaves. METHODS: @entity0 were treated once with 50 or 100 mg/kg of the essential oil, intraperitoneally, 30 min before being submitted to behavioural models of: locomotor activity (open-field), @entity5 , @entity1 (elevated plus maze), @entity2 (forced swimming test and tail suspension tests) as well as @entity4 -induced stereotypy. KEY FINDINGS: Results showed a dose-related decrease on locomotor activity and @entity4 -induced stereotypy. There was a decrease to the order of 55% of the grooming behaviour with both doses studied. The essential oil 100 mg/kg increased cataleptic activity (167%) and the immobility time in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests. Pretreatment with @entity3 (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) alone also decreased locomotion, increased cataleptic activity and immobility time in the tail suspension test. No alterations in the elevated plus maze test were registered. CONCLUSIONS: The essential oil of A. zerumbet leaves had depressant and possible antipsychotic activity, since it could reverse the stereotypy induced by @entity4 , presenting effects comparable with those obtained with @entity3 treatment.

title: Central nervous system effects of the essential oil of the leaves of Alpinia zerumbet in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 is an @entity0 caused by defects in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene. In the present study, the frequencies of the microsatellite alleles at introns 13 and 22 in the @entity4 gene were analyzed in the group of Han nationality in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to explore their diagnostic value for @entity1 . These two sites were also used to detect the carriers in 13 @entity1 families. METHODS: Ninty-one individuals of Han ethnic group in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (135 X chromosomes) and 13 @entity5 families were subjected to molecular studies. First, these two fragments were PCR amplified simultaneously. Then, @entity2 staining was used later to show their polymorphisms. The investigators selected one sample at random to obtain its lengths of the PCR products at these two sites by ABI310 PCR amplifier. After counting its repeated numbers of (CA) according to the documents concerned, the repeated numbers of the other samples could be counted easily. RESULTS: In the 91 individuals, 6 and 4 alleles were detected at these two sites, respectively. At intron 13 the allele frequencies ranged from 0.0002 to 0.5408 and polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.5899. At intron 22 the allele frequencies ranged from 0.0444 to 0.4963 and its PIC was 0.5359. The actual heterozygosity for intron 13 and intron 22 were 0.6364 (28/44) and 0.5227 (23/44), respectively. In 13 @entity1 families with positive history, 9 of them were diagnosed by this method and the diagnosis rate was 69%. CONCLUSION: With high PICs, (CA)n at intron 13 and intron 22 were two valuable sites in the diagnosis of @entity1 in the population of Han ethnic group in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Compared with some other @entity5 restrictive fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), intron 22 ( @entity3 )n (AG)n was more informative.

title: [A study on the (CA)n in XXXX gene in Han ethnic group in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region by amplification polymorphisms combined with @entity2 staining].

answer: @entity4