abstract: Without treatment, @entity0 with inoperable or metastatic @entity2 have a median life expectancy of about 8 months. The following article is an update of our 2005 review of chemotherapy regimens used in metastatic @entity2 , based on the standard Prescrire methodology. In 2005, the de Gramont protocol, based on @entity7 (always combined with @entity10 ) plus either @entity5 (Folfox protocol) or @entity9 (Folfiri protocol), was the standard first-line chemotherapy in this setting. Four trials comparing monotherapy versus combination therapy in previously untreated @entity0 showed that initial @entity7 (or @entity7 precursor) monotherapy, followed by the Folfox or Folfiri protocol in case of failure, was not associated with shorter overall survival. Two trials compared first-line treatment with the Folfiri regimen versus the Folfoxiri regimen ( @entity7 + @entity5 + @entity9 ). One of these studies showed an increase in median survival with the Folfoxiri protocol (24 versus 17 months), but at a cost of greater @entity8 . The only tangible advantage of @entity3 and tegafur, two oral @entity7 precursors, is their convenience of use. Pemetrexed was less effective and more toxic than the Folfiri protocol in one trial. Bevacizumab and panitumumab have yielded disappointing results in previously untreated @entity0 . Neither of these monoclonal antibodies has yet been shown to improve overall survival. Three trials have assessed the addition of cetuximab to combinations consisting of @entity7 or @entity3 plus @entity5 or @entity9 . In two of these trials, the median survival time of @entity0 whose @entity1 carried the wild-type @entity6 gene was about 3 months longer in the cetuximab arms, although the increase was statistically significant in only one trial. Cetuximab had no impact on survival time in the third trial. In two trials, an anti- @entity4 antibody (panitumumab or cetuximab) reduced median survival when added to bevacizumab in previously untreated @entity0 . When progression occurs after treatment with the Folfiri protocol (or equivalent), a combination of the Folfox protocol and bevacizumab seems to increase median survival time by about 2 months versus Folfox alone, but it is also more toxic. In @entity0 who progress after receiving the @entity7 + @entity5 combination (Folfox) or the @entity7 + @entity9 combination (Folfiri), neither panitumumab nor cetuximab has been shown to provide a clinically meaningful increase in overall survival. It remains to be shown whether these drugs are more effective in @entity0 with the wild-type @entity6 gene than in @entity0 with @entity6 mutations. In early 2010, the standard cytotoxic drugs for treatment of metastatic @entity2 are @entity7 (combined with @entity10 ), @entity5 and @entity9 . Initial combination therapy may be beneficial when the metastases are borderline operable. When the metastases are inoperable and are unlikely to become operable after chemotherapy, it seems best to begin treatment with single-agent @entity7 (+ @entity10 ) or @entity3 . The use of monoclonal antibodies in first-line treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 is not justified. Further trials of these drugs are warranted as second-line treatment for @entity0 with @entity6 wild-type @entity1 .

title: Chemotherapy of metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: Report of 125 pediatric @entity0 of @entity7 treated by open decortication, highlighting the presentation, delay in referral, operative findings, the response to surgical intervention and follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the @entity0 who underwent open decortication for stage III @entity7 during the study period were included. Preoperative workup included hemogram, serum protein, chest radiographs and contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CECT) scan of the chest. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-five @entity0 (81 males, 44 females) (age 3 months-12 years, mean 4.9 years) were operated during a 4.5-year period. Among them, two @entity0 underwent bilateral thoracotomies. Also, 81.6% @entity0 were referred 3 weeks after the onset of disease (mean duration 9 weeks). @entity6 ( @entity6 ) had been inserted in (119) 95% cases. Thickened pleura, multiloculated pus and lung involvement were invariably seen on CECT scan. @entity4 was present in 10 @entity0 and @entity7 in 2. Decortication, removal of necrotic tissue and closure of air leaks was performed in all the @entity0 . @entity1 was seen in (35) 27.5% cases. Mean duration of @entity2 was 7 days. Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 4 years (mean 12 months). There was no mortality. Six @entity0 had proven @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The duration of the disease had a direct relationship with the thickness of the @entity3 to the underlying lung. Delayed referral causes irreversible changes in the lung prolonging recovery. Only 18% presented within the early period of the disease. Meticulous open surgical debridement gives gratifying results. The status of the lung at the end of surgery is a major prognostic factor.

title: Surgical management and outcome analysis of stage III pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Four experiments were conducted to quantify the reported attenuation by microwave (MW) irradiation of @entity2 -induced @entity4 . In one experiment @entity0 were irradiated (continuous wave 2.45 GHz, specific absorption rate = 0.3 W/kg) or sham irradiated for 45 min, injected with 3.6 g/kg, 20% (v/v) @entity2 ( @entity1 ) or saline ( @entity3 ) i.p.. Colonic temperature was monitored at 20-min intervals for 2 h. This procedure was repeated for 8 days to determine the rate of tolerance development to the hypothermic effect of @entity2 . While MW irradiation did significantly attenuate @entity1 -induced @entity4 , it did not enhance or retard the rate of tolerance development. To determine the duration of irradiation necessary to attenuate @entity1 -induced @entity4 , groups of @entity0 were irradiated or sham irradiated for 5, 15, 30, or 60 min prior to @entity1 injection and subsequent temperature measurements. The attenuation was apparent only after 60 min of irradiation. To determine the duration of the attenuation effect after irradiation, @entity0 were injected with @entity1 or @entity3 at 0, 30, 60, 120, or 480 min after 45 min of irradiation or sham irradiation. The attenuation effect was apparent among @entity0 injected 0 to 30 min after irradiation and for the first 40 min for groups injected at 120 min. Additional @entity0 were injected with @entity3 or 0.9, 1.8, or 2.7 g/kg of @entity1 i.p. following 45 min of irradiation or sham irradiation to determine if the attenuation effect depends on the dose of @entity1 administered. Attenuation of @entity1 -induced @entity4 was more apparent at lower doses of @entity1 than at higher doses. These results indicate that the effect is an acute response to irradiation, and rule out several other potential explanations.

title: Microwave attenuation of @entity2 -induced XXXX : @entity2 tolerance, time course, exposure duration, and dose response studies.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Four experiments were conducted to quantify the reported attenuation by microwave (MW) irradiation of @entity2 -induced @entity4 . In one experiment @entity0 were irradiated (continuous wave 2.45 GHz, specific absorption rate = 0.3 W/kg) or sham irradiated for 45 min, injected with 3.6 g/kg, 20% (v/v) @entity2 ( @entity1 ) or saline ( @entity3 ) i.p.. Colonic temperature was monitored at 20-min intervals for 2 h. This procedure was repeated for 8 days to determine the rate of tolerance development to the hypothermic effect of @entity2 . While MW irradiation did significantly attenuate @entity1 -induced @entity4 , it did not enhance or retard the rate of tolerance development. To determine the duration of irradiation necessary to attenuate @entity1 -induced @entity4 , groups of @entity0 were irradiated or sham irradiated for 5, 15, 30, or 60 min prior to @entity1 injection and subsequent temperature measurements. The attenuation was apparent only after 60 min of irradiation. To determine the duration of the attenuation effect after irradiation, @entity0 were injected with @entity1 or @entity3 at 0, 30, 60, 120, or 480 min after 45 min of irradiation or sham irradiation. The attenuation effect was apparent among @entity0 injected 0 to 30 min after irradiation and for the first 40 min for groups injected at 120 min. Additional @entity0 were injected with @entity3 or 0.9, 1.8, or 2.7 g/kg of @entity1 i.p. following 45 min of irradiation or sham irradiation to determine if the attenuation effect depends on the dose of @entity1 administered. Attenuation of @entity1 -induced @entity4 was more apparent at lower doses of @entity1 than at higher doses. These results indicate that the effect is an acute response to irradiation, and rule out several other potential explanations.

title: Microwave attenuation of XXXX -induced @entity4 : @entity2 tolerance, time course, exposure duration, and dose response studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Four experiments were conducted to quantify the reported attenuation by microwave (MW) irradiation of @entity2 -induced @entity4 . In one experiment @entity0 were irradiated (continuous wave 2.45 GHz, specific absorption rate = 0.3 W/kg) or sham irradiated for 45 min, injected with 3.6 g/kg, 20% (v/v) @entity2 ( @entity1 ) or saline ( @entity3 ) i.p.. Colonic temperature was monitored at 20-min intervals for 2 h. This procedure was repeated for 8 days to determine the rate of tolerance development to the hypothermic effect of @entity2 . While MW irradiation did significantly attenuate @entity1 -induced @entity4 , it did not enhance or retard the rate of tolerance development. To determine the duration of irradiation necessary to attenuate @entity1 -induced @entity4 , groups of @entity0 were irradiated or sham irradiated for 5, 15, 30, or 60 min prior to @entity1 injection and subsequent temperature measurements. The attenuation was apparent only after 60 min of irradiation. To determine the duration of the attenuation effect after irradiation, @entity0 were injected with @entity1 or @entity3 at 0, 30, 60, 120, or 480 min after 45 min of irradiation or sham irradiation. The attenuation effect was apparent among @entity0 injected 0 to 30 min after irradiation and for the first 40 min for groups injected at 120 min. Additional @entity0 were injected with @entity3 or 0.9, 1.8, or 2.7 g/kg of @entity1 i.p. following 45 min of irradiation or sham irradiation to determine if the attenuation effect depends on the dose of @entity1 administered. Attenuation of @entity1 -induced @entity4 was more apparent at lower doses of @entity1 than at higher doses. These results indicate that the effect is an acute response to irradiation, and rule out several other potential explanations.

title: Microwave attenuation of @entity2 -induced @entity4 : XXXX tolerance, time course, exposure duration, and dose response studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Late onset @entity3 post-pelvic radiotherapy is an increasingly common clinical scenario which is related to improved oncological treatments and @entity1 survival. 50% of @entity0 develop bowel symptoms after pelvic radiotherapy which affects quality of life. Historically, bowel symptoms post-pelvic radiotherapy have been labelled ' @entity4 ', although it is increasingly recognised that these symptoms are due to dysfunction of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract at numerous points. The evidence-base is poor and comprises often small, heterogenous, single centre unblinded studies. This article critically reviews the evidence for the medical treatment options for ' @entity4 ', which include anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, @entity8 , @entity6 and hyperbaric @entity2 . The difficulties in extrapolation from the literature to clinical practise are also explored. From the available evidence, rectal sucralfate appears to have greater efficacy than anti-inflammatory agents, which are more effective if used with oral @entity7 . Furthermore, hyperbaric @entity2 is emerging as promising treatment for radiation @entity5 . However, @entity3 post-pelvic radiotherapy is a complex clinical condition which reflects multi-site GI tract pathologies both related and unrelated to previous oncological treatments. From this review article a clear need for an adjustment to both diagnosis and treatment of these @entity0 , as well as for further research, emerges.

title: XXXX : issues surrounding delayed @entity3 post-pelvic radiotherapy and an update on medical treatment.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Late onset @entity3 post-pelvic radiotherapy is an increasingly common clinical scenario which is related to improved oncological treatments and @entity1 survival. 50% of @entity0 develop bowel symptoms after pelvic radiotherapy which affects quality of life. Historically, bowel symptoms post-pelvic radiotherapy have been labelled ' @entity4 ', although it is increasingly recognised that these symptoms are due to dysfunction of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract at numerous points. The evidence-base is poor and comprises often small, heterogenous, single centre unblinded studies. This article critically reviews the evidence for the medical treatment options for ' @entity4 ', which include anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, @entity8 , @entity6 and hyperbaric @entity2 . The difficulties in extrapolation from the literature to clinical practise are also explored. From the available evidence, rectal sucralfate appears to have greater efficacy than anti-inflammatory agents, which are more effective if used with oral @entity7 . Furthermore, hyperbaric @entity2 is emerging as promising treatment for radiation @entity5 . However, @entity3 post-pelvic radiotherapy is a complex clinical condition which reflects multi-site GI tract pathologies both related and unrelated to previous oncological treatments. From this review article a clear need for an adjustment to both diagnosis and treatment of these @entity0 , as well as for further research, emerges.

title: @entity4 : issues surrounding delayed XXXX post-pelvic radiotherapy and an update on medical treatment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Recent data demonstrate that accumulation of misfolded proteins within the early part of the secretory track of b-cells causes impaired insulin synthesis and development of @entity0 . The molecular mechanism of this cellular dysfunction remains largely unknown. Using basic molecular principles and computer simulations, we suggested recently that hyperglycemic conditions can generate substantial molecular crowding effects in the secretory track of b-cells leading to significant alterations of the insulin biosynthesis capabilities. Here, we review the major molecular mechanisms that may be implicated in the alteration of insulin synthesis in susceptible b-cells. Steric repulsions and volume exclusion in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) increase the propensity of misfolding of @entity1 (the precursor molecule of insulin). In addition, similar forces might act in the next secretory compartments (Golgi and vesicles) leading to (i) altered packaging of @entity1 in vesicles (ii) entrapment of @entity1 convertases and/or restricted accessibility for these convertases to the cleavage sites on the surface of the @entity1 and (iii) depressed kinetic rate of the transformation of the native @entity1 in active insulin and C-peptide. These concepts are expressed in simple mathematical terms relating the kinetic coefficient of @entity1 to insulin conversion to the levels of @entity1 misfolding and hyperglycemic stress. The present approach is useful for understanding molecular phenomena associated with the pathogenesis of @entity0 . It also offers practical means for predicting the state of pancreatic b-cells from measurements of the insulin to @entity1 ratio in the blood. This is of immediate clinical relevance and may improve the diagnosis of @entity0 .

title: Biophysical alteration of the secretory track in b-cells due to molecular overcrowding: the relevance for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A review of 100 femoral artery embolectomies performed on 88 consecutive @entity0 during a 10-year period was conducted to establish immediate and long-term results. There were 48 (55%) male and 40 (45%) female @entity0 . Ages ranged from 33 to 97 years (mean, 73 years). Local anesthesia was used in 84 (84%) cases. Fifteen (17%) @entity0 died within 30 days of the procedure. Major limb amputation was required within 30 days of operation in 16 (16%) @entity0 . Mortality rate in the group of @entity0 needing early amputation was 50% compared with 11% for those who underwent successful embolectomy procedures (p less than 0.001). Current follow-up was established for all @entity0 . Five-year and 10-year survival rates for the entire group were 40% and 35%, respectively. The most frequent causes of late death after femoral @entity4 were @entity3 (26%), @entity1 (26%), and advanced @entity2 (21%). All 39 remaining survivors were located 8 to 126 months (mean, 48 months) after discharge to complete a questionnaire designed to assess quality of life and symptoms of @entity5 . Thirty-five (90%) survivors were fully ambulatory and 27 (70%) lived in their own homes. Although early survival is decreased after femoral embolectomy, long-term survivors can be expected to live independently with excellent limb salvage and function.

title: Late results after femoral XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 is not considered an @entity1 in the State of Maranh  o. However, entomological surveys showed high natural vector infection indices and acute cases have been identified in the last few decades. This study aimed to analyze the social, demographic and environmental conditions involved in transmission. METHODS: The study describes acute @entity2 identified from 1994 to 2008. Information regarding the cases was obtained from the Information System for @entity1 (Sinan), National Health Foundation (Funasa) database and medical records. Entomological surveys were conducted from 2002. RESULTS: Data analysis identified 32 cases from 17 municipal districts, with 84.4% of @entity0 from rural areas. The disease was more frequent in @entity0 (67%). The most frequent occupation was student, 38.9% of cases, followed by farmer and hunter, 27.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that transmission was vectorial and occurred in the wild or peridomicile.

title: [ XXXX in the State of Maranh  o, Brazil: record of acute cases from 1994 to 2008].

answer: @entity2


abstract: In @entity1 carotid bodies (CBs) superfused during 1-5 h, with an air-equilibrated medium containing no @entity3 (TYR), the @entity4 (DA) content decreased by approximately 60% after 1 h and remained constant afterwards. TYR and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) decreased with the same time course. @entity5 (NA) content exhibited a biphasic decrease of lesser magnitude than that of DA. Superfusions with a TYR-containing medium did not prevent the reduction in DA and TYR. Large amounts of DA and @entity7 were recovered in the effluent during the first hour of superfusion but after 90 min the two substances had declined below the detection limits (i.e. 0.5 and 1 pmol/5 min, respectively). The DA efflux decreased exponentially during the first hour and was not altered by changing the @entity0 partial pressure ( @entity6 ) of the medium. The @entity7 efflux declined after 40 min of superfusion and was modulated by @entity6 . The DA and the @entity7 effluxes were not suppressed by omitting @entity2 ions from the superfusing medium. In 4 cat CBs equal amounts of DA and NA were recovered from the effluent during the first hour of superfusion.

title: Fate of the catecholamine stores in the XXXX carotid body superfused in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Herpes simplex @entity3 is the most common cause of @entity1 in the western world. @entity0 usually have altered levels of consciousness, altered levels of mentation, @entity4 , @entity2 , and personality changes. These may progress to @entity9 and @entity6 . Exact diagnosis must be established by brain biopsy and identification of the virus in biopsy material. There is a great need for a noninvasive test that is positive early in the disease. Without antiviral treatment the mortality rate is greater than 70%, and many survivors have serious disabilities. Both @entity11 and @entity8 decrease death and morbidity, but @entity8 is the preferred drug. With @entity8 about 40% of @entity0 will survive with normal development or minor levels of impairment but more than half of the @entity0 will die or suffer significant impairment. It is essential to treat early; @entity0 who are young and have not reached @entity7 or @entity10 may show 65% recovery and return to normal function. Development of new antiviral drugs or other types of therapies is desirable. Herpetic @entity5 are likely to be more confusing than diagnostic because other types of @entity3 with @entity4 often precipitate recurrent herpes that is unrelated to the @entity3 .

title: Antiviral treatment of a serious herpes simplex infection: XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography were compared with cardiac catheterization and angiography in the preoperative evaluation of ostium primum @entity2 . Preoperative echocardiographic examinations as well as operative reports of all @entity0 (33 @entity0 aged 2 months to 23 years at surgery) with ostium primum @entity2 or transitional atrioventricular (AV) canal defect having had echocardiography and surgical repair at The @entity0 's Hospital, Boston from July 1983 to January 1986 were retrospectively reviewed. Original cardiac catheterization and angiographic reports also were reviewed. Preoperative echocardiography resulted in no false positive or false negative primary diagnoses when compared with the diagnoses obtained at preoperative angiography or surgery. Doppler assessment of @entity3 correlated well with angiographic (93% agreement) and intraoperative (85% agreement) assessments of @entity3 to within two diagnostic categories on the six level scoring system used. There was reasonably good agreement between the two-dimensional echocardiographic estimate of right ventricular systolic pressure and that measured at catheterization when expressed as percent of the simultaneous left ventricular pressure. Seven of nine @entity4 observed intraoperatively were noted on preoperative echocardiography; five of these defects were detected on preoperative angiography. A variety of other surgically confirmed associated @entity1 were observed by both preoperative techniques. However, echocardiography appeared to be superior to angiography for evaluation of AV valve morphology and papillary muscle architecture. This study implies that in @entity0 with typical clinical and two-dimensional echocardiographic and Doppler findings for ostium primum @entity2 or transitional AV canal defect, routine preoperative cardiac catheterization and angiography are unnecessary.

title: Are routine preoperative cardiac catheterization and angiography necessary before repair of ostium primum XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Seven hundred sixty-five @entity0 , living in France and suffering from @entity2 (eg, with positive skin tests to various antigens), agreed to self-rate (visual analog scales), four times daily, symptoms such as sneezing, stuffy or blocked nose, runny nose, itchy nose, @entity1 , wheeze, or cough. Despite acute symptoms, @entity0 did not take medications of any kind by any route during 36 hours. Several statistical methods (eg, Student's t test, analysis of variance, cosinor, chi-square, etc.) were used to validate both circadian and circannual rhythms of these symptoms in the group as a whole, as well as in subgroups related to age, sex, etc. Large-amplitude circadian rhythms with early morning peak times (eg, approximately 6 AM) were validated for sneezing, stuffy nose, and runny nose (with p less than 0.0001) but not for wheeze or cough. Such time-dependent changes were related neither to age (from 10 to 80 years) nor to sex. However, small differences were observed in subgroups sorted with regard to duration of disease (old versus new cases), smoking habits, and geographic location (north versus south France). Reanalysis of data taking into account interindividual differences revealed that the respective peak times of the three major symptoms occurred in the early morning in about 60% to 70% of the @entity0 . Annual changes were validated as well with the annual peak time being January to April. The proposed interpretation of both circadian and circannual rhythms suggests taking into account endogenous component rhythms (eg, involving metabolic, immunologic, and endocrine systems), since they contribute to time-dependent changes in the @entity0 susceptibility to antigens. In addition, the elevated severity of symptoms in the morning experienced by 60% to 70% of @entity0 should serve as a guide to individually optimize dosing time(s) of medications, such as antihistamines.

title: Circadian and circannual rhythms of XXXX : an epidemiologic study involving chronobiologic methods.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity8 , a double-stranded ribonucleic acid that is a potent inducer of interferon production, was used in a stabilized form to treat 11 @entity0 with @entity6 . Seven @entity0 completed a full course of 8 infusions at maximum tolerated dosage. All @entity0 experienced transient @entity3 and marked fatigue. @entity4 was mild. Transient @entity7 occurred in 3 @entity0 and reversible elevation in @entity5 was observed in 1. All 4 @entity0 with brain @entity1 became lethargic, and 3 died during or shortly after therapy. Only 2 @entity0 demonstrated measurable total regression of isolated @entity1 (pleural/pulmonary in 1 and bone in 1) but in both @entity1 at other sites progressed. No partial regressions were seen. @entity1 at all other sites (liver, brain and renal fossa) progressed during therapy. @entity0 who appeared to respond and who performed best during therapy generally demonstrated a higher performance status initially. Expression of natural @entity2 in in vitro testing did not correlate with a demonstrated response to treatment.

title: Immunotherapy of XXXX with @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity8 , a double-stranded ribonucleic acid that is a potent inducer of interferon production, was used in a stabilized form to treat 11 @entity0 with @entity6 . Seven @entity0 completed a full course of 8 infusions at maximum tolerated dosage. All @entity0 experienced transient @entity3 and marked fatigue. @entity4 was mild. Transient @entity7 occurred in 3 @entity0 and reversible elevation in @entity5 was observed in 1. All 4 @entity0 with brain @entity1 became lethargic, and 3 died during or shortly after therapy. Only 2 @entity0 demonstrated measurable total regression of isolated @entity1 (pleural/pulmonary in 1 and bone in 1) but in both @entity1 at other sites progressed. No partial regressions were seen. @entity1 at all other sites (liver, brain and renal fossa) progressed during therapy. @entity0 who appeared to respond and who performed best during therapy generally demonstrated a higher performance status initially. Expression of natural @entity2 in in vitro testing did not correlate with a demonstrated response to treatment.

title: Immunotherapy of @entity6 with XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Between 1972 and 1984, 17 @entity0 with advanced @entity1 failing intensive combination chemotherapy in previously unirradiated nodal and/or pulmonary sites were treated with salvage radiotherapy. Treatment consisted of comprehensive wide field radiotherapy to all known areas of disease. Doses administered to these fields ranged from 1,700 to 5,000 rad, with only three @entity0 (18%) receiving less than 3,000 rad to any field. With a median follow-up of over 4 years, 88% achieved a complete response, with median actuarial disease-free survival (DFS) of 19 months (range, 4 to 61+). Actuarial median survival was 64 months, with a range of 4 to 134+ months. Nine @entity0 (53%) are currently alive with three (18%) in continuous complete remission (CR) for 24, 30, and 61 months. In addition, four @entity0 relapsing after salvage radiotherapy are now in CR following additional therapy. @entity0 younger than 35 years of age had a significantly increased overall survival when compared with older @entity0 (P less than .005). An initial complete response to chemotherapy lasting 12 or more months appeared to be a favorable prognostic factor, although small @entity0 numbers preclude statistical significance. Comprehensive salvage radiotherapy is of significant benefit in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 relapsing after combination chemotherapy in nodal and/or pulmonary sites.

title: Radiation therapy salvage of XXXX following chemotherapy failure.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The ability to carry out daily activities depends on an individual's physical and psychological make up, and the environment and society in which he or she lives. Thus, @entity1 produces functional impairment that is not simply related to the severity of the disease process. Two-thirds of @entity0 are concerned more with potential loss of function than with discomfort. There is, therefore, a need to assess disability separately from inflammatory activity. The principles of disability measurement concern assessment of performance of everyday activities. Global measures or the performance of one or more specific activities can be used to assess aspects of mobility and manual dexterity. Activities can be related to social life and employment and can include assessment of psychological as well as @entity2 . Many different tools are available and can be divided into: 1. Measures depending on clinical judgement. 2. Measures based on observed @entity0 performance. 3. Measures depending on @entity0 ' opinions. In addition, a variety of health status measures have been described that include disability as one of a number of parameters aimed to assess the overall impact of the disease on the @entity0 . Evaluation of these tools has been patchy. Full assessment using measurement theory (validity, simplicity, reliability and sensitivity) has not been undertaken for any index. However, the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) Disability Index and the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS) have both been tested fairly extensively in North America. The choice of a particular measurement tool depends on: 1. The context in which it will be used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Functional outcome in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 107 @entity1 @entity0 (71 @entity0 and 36 adults) were desensitized with allergen extracts adsorbed on @entity2 . @entity0 were selected following their symptoms ( @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity4 ), skin tests ( @entity7 or Prick) and total or specific IgE levels (PRIST and RAST). A mean of 17 month treatment, usually with house dust and mite extracts, rarely with house dust extract alone and in 6 cases with a mixture of grass and cereal pollens. The major aim of this study was to test the immunotherapy efficiency and to compare the IgE level variations and the clinical results. The treatment was found very good in 62% of the cases, good in 28%, and negative in 10% of the cases. The mean total IgE level has decreased of 58%, and the specific IgE level has decreased in 77% of the @entity0 . The number of @entity0 with a RAST class O to house dust and mites has increased respectively of 23% and 24.4% after the treatment. Besides some very good cases where the IgE levels have dropped there are lew relations between the total or specific IgE antibodies and the clinical results. The tolerance of the hyposensitization treatment was judged excellent. In conclusion, the @entity2 absorbed allergen extracts are confirmed as efficient and safe in immunotherapy.

title: [Specific desensitization with allergen extracts absorbed on XXXX (Pasteur Institute). Clinical and biological study apropos of 107 cases].

answer: @entity2


abstract: We studied progression of @entity3 in the coronaries and abdominal aortas of @entity4 fed hyperlipidemic (HL) diets producing serum @entity1 levels of about 700 mg/dl for up to 18 months with killings at 9, 13.5 and 18 months on diet. We studied changes in lesions in subsets given after 9 months on the HL diet a low fat, low @entity1 mash diet with killings at 4.5 and 9 months on the regression diet. Lesion cell numbers were evaluated using mean nuclear profiles per cross-section (Np/Cx) in an anatomically defined portion of artery as an index. Lesion sizes were evaluated using mean cross-sectional area (area/Cx) as an index. Tritiated thymidine labeling indices (LI) were used as an index of cell proliferative activity in the coronaries. We also determined the percentage of lesions occupied by lipid rich calcific @entity0 . For further comparisons all of the same values were determined for normal intimal cell masses (ICM) in control groups fed a low fat, low @entity1 mash diet throughout. The @entity3 in the HL @entity4 appeared to arise mainly in the ICM. These became lesions and increased tremendously in size and cell numbers. The greatest increase was in the abdominal aorta even when lesion values were normalized by being expressed as percentages of the wall (intima + media). Lipid-rich calcific @entity0 occupied about 25% of the lesion by 9 months and the percentage was similar at 18 months although size of lesions and their @entity0 regions had increased 3-fold over the 9-month interval. Lesion @entity2 LIs were 3-4-fold greater than in the control ICM. In the period 9-18 months on an HL diet lesions increased about 3-fold in size and cell numbers. In the @entity4 put on a regression diet for the 9-18 month period growth of the lesions stopped completely. In fact, there was a numerical decrease in lesion sizes and cell numbers and this was statistically significant for the left anterior descending coronary. The lesion growth stoppage was partly accounted for by the "turning off" of excessive DNA synthesis activity of the lesion cells as indicated by the return of @entity2 LIs to the normal values in the mash controls. Another factor was the lack of increase and in fact marked reduction in the size of the regions of lipid rich @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The "turning off" of excessive cell replicative activity in advanced @entity3 of XXXX by a regression diet.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We studied progression of @entity3 in the coronaries and abdominal aortas of @entity4 fed hyperlipidemic (HL) diets producing serum @entity1 levels of about 700 mg/dl for up to 18 months with killings at 9, 13.5 and 18 months on diet. We studied changes in lesions in subsets given after 9 months on the HL diet a low fat, low @entity1 mash diet with killings at 4.5 and 9 months on the regression diet. Lesion cell numbers were evaluated using mean nuclear profiles per cross-section (Np/Cx) in an anatomically defined portion of artery as an index. Lesion sizes were evaluated using mean cross-sectional area (area/Cx) as an index. Tritiated thymidine labeling indices (LI) were used as an index of cell proliferative activity in the coronaries. We also determined the percentage of lesions occupied by lipid rich calcific @entity0 . For further comparisons all of the same values were determined for normal intimal cell masses (ICM) in control groups fed a low fat, low @entity1 mash diet throughout. The @entity3 in the HL @entity4 appeared to arise mainly in the ICM. These became lesions and increased tremendously in size and cell numbers. The greatest increase was in the abdominal aorta even when lesion values were normalized by being expressed as percentages of the wall (intima + media). Lipid-rich calcific @entity0 occupied about 25% of the lesion by 9 months and the percentage was similar at 18 months although size of lesions and their @entity0 regions had increased 3-fold over the 9-month interval. Lesion @entity2 LIs were 3-4-fold greater than in the control ICM. In the period 9-18 months on an HL diet lesions increased about 3-fold in size and cell numbers. In the @entity4 put on a regression diet for the 9-18 month period growth of the lesions stopped completely. In fact, there was a numerical decrease in lesion sizes and cell numbers and this was statistically significant for the left anterior descending coronary. The lesion growth stoppage was partly accounted for by the "turning off" of excessive DNA synthesis activity of the lesion cells as indicated by the return of @entity2 LIs to the normal values in the mash controls. Another factor was the lack of increase and in fact marked reduction in the size of the regions of lipid rich @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The "turning off" of excessive cell replicative activity in advanced XXXX of @entity4 by a regression diet.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Membrane fusion is a fundamental and wide-spread phenomenon in the functioning of cells. Many studies were carried out concerning fusion of plasma membranes as for example cell-cell fusions or uptake by cells of lipid-enveloped viruses. The present study deals with the interaction of intracellular membranes of @entity3 with artificial membranes (liposomes). Association is monitored by the uptake of radioactive liposomes by fungal microsomal membranes. The discrimination between aggregation and pure fusion is done by layering the liposomes-microsomes mixture on a continuous @entity1 gradient. The accurate quantitation of the fusion phenomenon is monitored with a fluorescent assay based on resonance energy transfer (Struck, D.K. et al. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 4093-4099). Both methods show that, at physiological pH, there is a spontaneous fusion of microsomes with @entity0 -free liposomes. This phenomenon is protein dependent as trypsinized microsomal membranes are no longer able to fuse with liposomes. Biological significance of the fusion process has been demonstrated using microsomal intrinsic protein mannosylation assay; the enhancement of the lipid to protein ratio due to the fusion of liposomes with microsomes of A. @entity2 results in an increase in the rate of endogenous proteins mannosylation. Moreover, cytosolic proteins of A. @entity2 promote the fusion of any kind of liposomes with microsomes.

title: Protein-mediated fusion of liposomes with microsomal membranes of XXXX : evidence for a complex mechanism dealing with membranous and cytosolic fusogenic proteins.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A significant number of @entity0 with @entity3 have peripheral blood involvement during the course of their disease. Because the expression of receptor for the lectin peanut agglutinin PNA by normal lymphocytes is associated with noncirculating (stationary phase) cells, we studied the relationship between PNA binding by @entity1 cells and the presence of clonal B cells in the blood of 38 @entity0 with @entity2 . The binding of PNA by cells in tissues was determined by the immunoperoxidase method and by two-color flow cytometry. @entity1 cells (clonal B cells) were identified by a sensitive flow-cytometric technique (kappa-lambda analysis) and were also studied for PNA binding in some cases. In all, 16 of 38 (42%) of @entity1 were PNA+, including a spectrum of histologic types. @entity1 cells were demonstrated in 17 of 22 @entity1 , whereas only 3 of 16 of PNA+ @entity1 had such circulating cells. Thus, there is a significant association between PNA binding and peripheral blood involvement by @entity1 (P less than .005 by chi-square analysis). In 12 cases, the circulating and tissue @entity1 cells had similar expression of PNA receptor (2 PNA+ and 10 PNA- cases), indicating that modulation of the PNA binding sites did not occur. In three @entity0 who presented with @entity4 , the circulating malignant cells were PNA-. These findings suggest that for both normal and malignant lymphocytes the absence of binding sites for PNA is associated with the capacity of these cells to circulate freely.

title: Circulating malignant cells in XXXX : correlation with binding by peanut agglutinin.

answer: @entity3


abstract: During the last decades, extended characterizations were performed of @entity0 full-term cord blood ( @entity14 ) cells, but little information is available on @entity0 early preterm cord blood (hEPCB) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In our study, we analyzed by flow cytometry 19 hEPCB and 17 @entity14 samples. First, we observed that the percentage of @entity4 (Pos) @entity1 (Dim) cells was higher in hEPCB compared with @entity14 and that it decreased during 16th-20th week of pregnancy. Within the @entity4 (Pos) @entity1 (Dim) population, we examined the expression of @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity11 , @entity10 , @entity2 , and @entity13 . We found that @entity11 intensity and @entity2 (Pos) cells percentage were lower in hEPCB compared with @entity14 . As to @entity7 , we observed that hEPCB samples were richer in undifferentiated @entity4 (Pos) @entity1 (Dim) @entity7 (Neg) HSCs compared with @entity14 counterparts. We also compared the expression of the above-mentioned molecules in undifferentiated and committed HSCs residing in hEPCB and @entity14 . In particular, although @entity4 (Pos) @entity1 (Dim) @entity7 (Pos) HSCs from both hEPCB and @entity14 expressed relatively higher amounts of @entity5 , @entity12 , and @entity11 compared with @entity4 (Pos) @entity1 (Dim) @entity7 (Neg) cells, a higher expression of @entity3 was restricted to @entity4 (Pos) @entity1 (Dim) @entity7 (Pos) cells from hEPCB samples, and a higher expression of @entity6 was demonstrated in @entity4 (Pos) @entity1 (Dim) @entity7 (Pos) cells from @entity14 samples. Moreover, our data showed that @entity4 (Pos) @entity1 (Dim) cell population from hEPCB displayed higher percent of undifferentiated @entity7 (Neg) @entity9 (Pos) cells compared with @entity14 samples. Finally, analyzing monocytes and lymphocytes within the two samples, we observed that T-cell percentages were higher in @entity14 , whereas B-cell percentages were higher in hEPCB. We, therefore, studied the B-cell lineage maturation and found a higher percent of pro-B and pre-B cells in hEPCB compared with @entity14 samples. Taken together, these results evidence the hematopoietic peculiarity of hEPCB, potentially useful for highlighting early steps of @entity0 hematolymphopoiesis as well as for developing novel strategies of stem cell-based therapy.

title: Polychromatic flow cytometry analysis of XXXX + hematopoietic stem cells in cryopreserved early preterm @entity0 cord blood samples.

answer: @entity4


abstract: During the last decades, extended characterizations were performed of @entity0 full-term cord blood ( @entity14 ) cells, but little information is available on @entity0 early preterm cord blood (hEPCB) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In our study, we analyzed by flow cytometry 19 hEPCB and 17 @entity14 samples. First, we observed that the percentage of @entity4 (Pos) @entity1 (Dim) cells was higher in hEPCB compared with @entity14 and that it decreased during 16th-20th week of pregnancy. Within the @entity4 (Pos) @entity1 (Dim) population, we examined the expression of @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity11 , @entity10 , @entity2 , and @entity13 . We found that @entity11 intensity and @entity2 (Pos) cells percentage were lower in hEPCB compared with @entity14 . As to @entity7 , we observed that hEPCB samples were richer in undifferentiated @entity4 (Pos) @entity1 (Dim) @entity7 (Neg) HSCs compared with @entity14 counterparts. We also compared the expression of the above-mentioned molecules in undifferentiated and committed HSCs residing in hEPCB and @entity14 . In particular, although @entity4 (Pos) @entity1 (Dim) @entity7 (Pos) HSCs from both hEPCB and @entity14 expressed relatively higher amounts of @entity5 , @entity12 , and @entity11 compared with @entity4 (Pos) @entity1 (Dim) @entity7 (Neg) cells, a higher expression of @entity3 was restricted to @entity4 (Pos) @entity1 (Dim) @entity7 (Pos) cells from hEPCB samples, and a higher expression of @entity6 was demonstrated in @entity4 (Pos) @entity1 (Dim) @entity7 (Pos) cells from @entity14 samples. Moreover, our data showed that @entity4 (Pos) @entity1 (Dim) cell population from hEPCB displayed higher percent of undifferentiated @entity7 (Neg) @entity9 (Pos) cells compared with @entity14 samples. Finally, analyzing monocytes and lymphocytes within the two samples, we observed that T-cell percentages were higher in @entity14 , whereas B-cell percentages were higher in hEPCB. We, therefore, studied the B-cell lineage maturation and found a higher percent of pro-B and pre-B cells in hEPCB compared with @entity14 samples. Taken together, these results evidence the hematopoietic peculiarity of hEPCB, potentially useful for highlighting early steps of @entity0 hematolymphopoiesis as well as for developing novel strategies of stem cell-based therapy.

title: Polychromatic flow cytometry analysis of @entity4 + hematopoietic stem cells in cryopreserved early preterm XXXX cord blood samples.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a rare @entity2 with @entity2 and sarcomatoid tissues. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical manifestations and pathological findings of @entity3 of the lung. METHODS: Data including clinical manifestations, pathological findings, treatment were retrospectively analysed from fourteen @entity0 with @entity1 confirmed by pathology and follow-up was carried out. RESULTS: Mean age at onset was 62 years old and gender ratios (M/F) in these @entity0 was 6:1. The clinical manifestations of @entity1 were similar to that of other types of @entity1 while there were characteristic findings on the enhancement CT scan. Bronchofiberscopy was not a reliable examination for final diagnosis. Cells with endothelial phenotype could be detected by immunohistochemical method. CONCLUSIONS: The final diagnosis of this disease depends on histopathological observation, while the diagnosis may be missed among @entity0 without surgical intervention. Immunohistochemical examination is helpful for diagnosis and differential diagnosis. The therapeutic strategy is coincident with that for @entity4 .

title: [Clinical analysis of XXXX of the lung].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Among 174 cases of @entity3 examined by CT-scan between January 80 and December 85, 17 (9.8%) had a focal lesion without @entity5 . It consisted of an @entity4 (1 case), a @entity6 (1 case) and @entity0 (15 cases). In 11 cases with @entity7 , an acute event had occurred between 28 weeks of gestation and 3 months of life. In 7 cases, the lesion extended to the major part of one hemisphere. In the 10 others, it was localized either to the rolandic or to the temporo-occipital regions. In all the cases, the lesion concerned at least one of these areas. It involved the cortex in 15 cases but in the 2 others it seemed to only concern the white matter. The lesion was on the left in 14 cases. After @entity1 , the @entity2 recurred in 6 cases of which 5 involved the frontal lobe (P less than 0.05). This study seems to show that it is mainly the rolandic and the temporo-occipital areas that favour the occurrence of @entity3 , whereas extension to the frontal area is responsible of a later partial @entity2 .

title: [Focal lesions in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 continues as the leading cause of mortality in @entity0 and adolescents. With the recent push for improvement in emergency medical services and specialized @entity1 centers for this age group, more moribund @entity0 can be expected to reach these centers. Multiple reports document the efficacy of resuscitative thoracotomy in the moribund adult @entity1 victim, but published reports of this technique in @entity0 and adolescents are lacking. From January 1981 to July 1986, 19 @entity0 ranging in age from 4 to 18 years (mean 14) underwent resuscitative thoracotomy. Eleven @entity0 sustained penetrating @entity1 while eight sustained @entity1 from @entity1 . Five @entity0 survived and were discharged from the hospital (26%). There were no survivors in the 0-15 year age group in five penetrating @entity1 and four @entity1 victims. This review confirms the efficacy of resuscitative thoracotomy in the @entity0 with penetrating @entity1 . Salvage in the @entity1 victim is possible, but less than in penetrating @entity1 (12.5% versus 36%). Further studies in this age group will be necessary to establish appropriate guidelines for the use of RT in @entity0 and adolescents.

title: Resuscitative thoracotomy in XXXX and adolescents.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cardiovascular safety of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-selective inhibitors and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is of worldwide concern. @entity6 inhibitors and NSAIDs act by inhibiting @entity5 metabolism to @entity7 . They confer a cardiovascular hazard manifested as an elevated risk of @entity3 . Mechanisms underlying these cardiovascular effects are uncertain. Here we determine whether interference with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) or @entity6 through pharmacologic blockade or silencing RNA impacts expression of scavenger receptor @entity9 and scavenger receptor A, both involved in @entity2 uptake in monocytes and macrophages. @entity4 @entity0 monocytes and @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to @entity10 , a @entity6 selective inhibitor currently in clinical use, and to @entity11 (AACOCF3), an @entity5 analog that selectively inhibits @entity8 . @entity10 and AACOCF3 each upregulated expression of @entity9 , but not scavenger receptor A, as determined by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Silencing of @entity8 or @entity6 had comparable effects to pharmacologic treatments. Oil red O staining revealed a profound increase in foam cell transformation of @entity4 macrophages exposed to either @entity10 or AACOCF3 (both 25  M), supporting a role for the COX pathway in maintaining macrophage @entity2 homeostasis. Demonstration of disrupted @entity2 balance by AACOCF3 and @entity10 provides further evidence of the possible mechanism by which COX inhibition may promote lipid overload leading to @entity1 formation and increased cardiovascular events.

title: @entity6 inhibition and inhibition of @entity8 increase XXXX expression and foam cell formation in @entity4 cells.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Cardiovascular safety of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-selective inhibitors and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is of worldwide concern. @entity6 inhibitors and NSAIDs act by inhibiting @entity5 metabolism to @entity7 . They confer a cardiovascular hazard manifested as an elevated risk of @entity3 . Mechanisms underlying these cardiovascular effects are uncertain. Here we determine whether interference with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) or @entity6 through pharmacologic blockade or silencing RNA impacts expression of scavenger receptor @entity9 and scavenger receptor A, both involved in @entity2 uptake in monocytes and macrophages. @entity4 @entity0 monocytes and @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to @entity10 , a @entity6 selective inhibitor currently in clinical use, and to @entity11 (AACOCF3), an @entity5 analog that selectively inhibits @entity8 . @entity10 and AACOCF3 each upregulated expression of @entity9 , but not scavenger receptor A, as determined by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Silencing of @entity8 or @entity6 had comparable effects to pharmacologic treatments. Oil red O staining revealed a profound increase in foam cell transformation of @entity4 macrophages exposed to either @entity10 or AACOCF3 (both 25  M), supporting a role for the COX pathway in maintaining macrophage @entity2 homeostasis. Demonstration of disrupted @entity2 balance by AACOCF3 and @entity10 provides further evidence of the possible mechanism by which COX inhibition may promote lipid overload leading to @entity1 formation and increased cardiovascular events.

title: XXXX inhibition and inhibition of @entity8 increase @entity9 expression and foam cell formation in @entity4 cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Cardiovascular safety of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-selective inhibitors and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is of worldwide concern. @entity6 inhibitors and NSAIDs act by inhibiting @entity5 metabolism to @entity7 . They confer a cardiovascular hazard manifested as an elevated risk of @entity3 . Mechanisms underlying these cardiovascular effects are uncertain. Here we determine whether interference with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) or @entity6 through pharmacologic blockade or silencing RNA impacts expression of scavenger receptor @entity9 and scavenger receptor A, both involved in @entity2 uptake in monocytes and macrophages. @entity4 @entity0 monocytes and @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to @entity10 , a @entity6 selective inhibitor currently in clinical use, and to @entity11 (AACOCF3), an @entity5 analog that selectively inhibits @entity8 . @entity10 and AACOCF3 each upregulated expression of @entity9 , but not scavenger receptor A, as determined by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Silencing of @entity8 or @entity6 had comparable effects to pharmacologic treatments. Oil red O staining revealed a profound increase in foam cell transformation of @entity4 macrophages exposed to either @entity10 or AACOCF3 (both 25  M), supporting a role for the COX pathway in maintaining macrophage @entity2 homeostasis. Demonstration of disrupted @entity2 balance by AACOCF3 and @entity10 provides further evidence of the possible mechanism by which COX inhibition may promote lipid overload leading to @entity1 formation and increased cardiovascular events.

title: @entity6 inhibition and inhibition of @entity8 increase @entity9 expression and foam cell formation in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Cardiovascular safety of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-selective inhibitors and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is of worldwide concern. @entity6 inhibitors and NSAIDs act by inhibiting @entity5 metabolism to @entity7 . They confer a cardiovascular hazard manifested as an elevated risk of @entity3 . Mechanisms underlying these cardiovascular effects are uncertain. Here we determine whether interference with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) or @entity6 through pharmacologic blockade or silencing RNA impacts expression of scavenger receptor @entity9 and scavenger receptor A, both involved in @entity2 uptake in monocytes and macrophages. @entity4 @entity0 monocytes and @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to @entity10 , a @entity6 selective inhibitor currently in clinical use, and to @entity11 (AACOCF3), an @entity5 analog that selectively inhibits @entity8 . @entity10 and AACOCF3 each upregulated expression of @entity9 , but not scavenger receptor A, as determined by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Silencing of @entity8 or @entity6 had comparable effects to pharmacologic treatments. Oil red O staining revealed a profound increase in foam cell transformation of @entity4 macrophages exposed to either @entity10 or AACOCF3 (both 25  M), supporting a role for the COX pathway in maintaining macrophage @entity2 homeostasis. Demonstration of disrupted @entity2 balance by AACOCF3 and @entity10 provides further evidence of the possible mechanism by which COX inhibition may promote lipid overload leading to @entity1 formation and increased cardiovascular events.

title: @entity6 inhibition and inhibition of XXXX increase @entity9 expression and foam cell formation in @entity4 cells.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Transthoracic and extrathoracic @entity1 of the lower esophagus and @entity4 each have advantages and drawbacks; the trauma of thoracotomy must be balanced against that of blunt mediastinal extraction of the esophagus. A different surgical approach is proposed in this paper, avoiding both thoracotomy and encroachment upon thoracic mediastinal structures. This technique is based on the @entity1 and the esophageal mucosa above it as a distinct anatomic layer by blunt dissection through separate abdominal and neck incisions. This is followed by pulling upward a segment of stomach (or colon) through the esophageal muscular tunnel into the neck for a cervical @entity3 . This endoesophageal pull through (EEPT) approach has been used in the surgical treatment of a total of ten @entity0 , six with @entity5 of the @entity4 and four with @entity7 of the lower esophagus. In nine @entity0 the stomach, and in one @entity0 the left colon, was brought to the neck to reestablish gastrointestinal (GI) continuity. The operation was well tolerated. There was no excessive @entity2 , and there was no in-hospital mortality up to 30 days. The major postoperative complication was cervical @entity6 seen in four @entity0 . The EEPT technique is a palliative approach for @entity1 of the lower esophagus and @entity4 , comparing favorably with the standard extrathoracic or transthoracic transhiatal procedures.

title: Endoesophageal pull through. A technique for the treatment of @entity1 of the XXXX and lower esophagus.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Transthoracic and extrathoracic @entity1 of the lower esophagus and @entity4 each have advantages and drawbacks; the trauma of thoracotomy must be balanced against that of blunt mediastinal extraction of the esophagus. A different surgical approach is proposed in this paper, avoiding both thoracotomy and encroachment upon thoracic mediastinal structures. This technique is based on the @entity1 and the esophageal mucosa above it as a distinct anatomic layer by blunt dissection through separate abdominal and neck incisions. This is followed by pulling upward a segment of stomach (or colon) through the esophageal muscular tunnel into the neck for a cervical @entity3 . This endoesophageal pull through (EEPT) approach has been used in the surgical treatment of a total of ten @entity0 , six with @entity5 of the @entity4 and four with @entity7 of the lower esophagus. In nine @entity0 the stomach, and in one @entity0 the left colon, was brought to the neck to reestablish gastrointestinal (GI) continuity. The operation was well tolerated. There was no excessive @entity2 , and there was no in-hospital mortality up to 30 days. The major postoperative complication was cervical @entity6 seen in four @entity0 . The EEPT technique is a palliative approach for @entity1 of the lower esophagus and @entity4 , comparing favorably with the standard extrathoracic or transthoracic transhiatal procedures.

title: Endoesophageal pull through. A technique for the treatment of XXXX of the @entity4 and lower esophagus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Esophageal manometry utilizes water swallows to evaluate esophageal @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity2 , or reflux symptoms. Although manometry is the gold standard for evaluation of these symptoms, @entity0 with @entity3 often have normal results in manometry studies. AIM: The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that challenging the esophagus with viscous apple sauce boluses uncovers @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 not seen when using water swallows. METHODS: High-resolution esophageal manometry was performed using ten water swallows followed by ten apple sauce swallows in consecutive subjects presenting with @entity3 . Subjects with grossly abnormal water swallow evaluations were excluded. Each swallow was categorized as normal, @entity1 (distal isobaric contour plots of < 30 mmHg over >5 cm), or simultaneous (distal esophageal velocity >=  8.0 cm/s). Ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) was defined as >=  30% @entity1 swallows, and pressurization was defined as >=  20% simultaneous pressure waves. RESULTS: Data from 41 subjects was evaluated. Overall, 96.3% of water swallows were normal, 2.9% @entity1 , and 0.7% simultaneous. Only 70.3% of viscous swallows were normal; 16.7% were @entity1 and 13.0% were simultaneous (P < 0.001 all groups). Seven (17.1%) met criteria for IEM, and pressurization with viscous swallows was observed for nine (22.0%). Fourteen subjects (34.1%) had abnormal results from viscous studies. The presence of any abnormal water swallows was predictive of abnormal viscous swallows (OR = 9.00, CI = 2.15-80.0), although the presence of @entity1 or simultaneous water swallows was not associated with IEM (OR = 0.63, CI = 0.16-2.17) or pressurization (OR = 7.00, CI = 0.90-315.4) with viscous apple sauce. CONCLUSIONS: Apple sauce challenge increased identification of classifiable @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity3 and may be preferred to alternative bolus materials.

title: Apple sauce improves detection of esophageal motor dysfunction during high-resolution manometry evaluation of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 can be life-threatening for elderly @entity0 . To discuss the characteristics of the disease in the elderly, medical records of 103 consecutive cases of @entity5 were reviewed. Of these, 45 cases were 65 years of age or older, and these 45 cases were enrolled into further study. In this study, the proportion of elderly @entity0 among the total number with @entity5 was 43.7%, and this figure has increased with the passing of time as follows: 37.5% (1988-1993), 44.4% (1994-1999), and 55.5% (2000-2005). The microorganisms were isolated in 16 cases: @entity3 in 13 cases (including @entity6 -resistant @entity3 in nine) and others in three. Twenty-five @entity0 had associated diseases: @entity2 in 18 @entity0 and @entity1 in seven. Thirty @entity0 were treated conservatively, and 15 @entity0 underwent surgery. Twenty-six @entity0 had @entity4 . All 15 @entity0 treated surgically, and eight of the 11 @entity0 treated conservatively showed improvement in @entity4 . Bone union was achieved in all cases except one. Our results indicate that a good outcome can be expected from conservative treatment in elderly @entity0 as well as the young.

title: XXXX in the elderly: a report from Japan with the most aging society.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation of the mean and minimal apparent diffusion coefficient values (ADC(mean) , ADC(minimal) ) and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings with prognostic factors in @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 107 @entity0 with @entity1 underwent breast MRI. The ADC(mean) and ADC(minimal) of the @entity2 were computed. MRI findings were retrospectively evaluated according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon: mass or nonmass type, mass shape, mass margin, nonmass distribution, and enhancement pattern. Histological records were reviewed for @entity2 size, lymph node @entity1 , histologic grade, and expression of @entity3 receptors (ER), @entity6 receptors (PR), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), Ki-67, and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Correlations of ADC values and MR findings with prognostic factors were determined using the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: The mean ADC(minimal) was 0.78    0.24 (  10      mm   /s), and the mean ADC(mean) was 1.01    0.23 (  10      mm   /s). There was a significant correlation of the ADC(mean) value with ER expression (P = 0.027) and @entity7 expression (P = 0.018). There was no significant relationship between ADC(minimal) and prognostic factors or between ADC(mean) and traditional prognostic factors, PR, Ki-67 and @entity4 . The majority of the mass type lesions were less than 5 cm in size and the majority of nonmass type lesions were more than 2 cm in size (P = 0.022). The margin of mass was significantly associated with lymph node @entity1 (P = 0.031), ER expression (P = 0.013), PR expression (P = 0.036), @entity7 expression (P = 0.019), and EGRF expression (P = 0.041). The rim internal enhancement was significantly correlated with Ki-67 expression (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: The low ADC(mean) value was related to positive expression of ER and negative expression of @entity7 . A spiculated margin was related to a good prognosis, but rim enhancement was associated with a poor prognosis.

title: Correlation of the apparent diffusion coefficient value and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging findings with prognostic factors in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of the knee is an extremely difficult problem to treat. This study examined the possible relationship between isolated @entity1 (IPBSN) and the etiology and natural course of @entity2 . Thirty-five @entity0 with clinically significant sympathetic dystrophy of the knee were examined retrospectively. All @entity0 (100%) had clinical evidence of insult to the IPBSN. Thirty-three @entity0 (94%) were found to have vasomotor instability as measured by isolated cold stress testing (ICST). All @entity0 in this population of 33 were treated with vasoactive therapies. Subjective improvement was noted in 20 @entity0 (p = NS). Initial ICSTs of improved and unimproved @entity0 were compared. Baseline temperatures were significantly warmer in @entity0 who improved with therapy (p less than 0.05), and a warmer trend was evident throughout all phases of the test in those who improved compared with those who did not. Eighty percent of @entity0 treated within 1 year improved with one or more vasoactive therapies, whereas only 44 percent improved when treatment was started after 1 year, indicating a significant population difference (p less than 0.05).

title: XXXX of the knee after sensory nerve injury.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) versus placebo with or without @entity3 , in treating @entity2 . DESIGN: Comparative effectiveness analysis using an indirect treatment comparison (ITC) method in a Bayesian framework. @entity0 : Adults with @entity2 who had been enrolled in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and had never failed biologic DMARD therapy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Two random-effects logistic regression models, representing 6 and 12 months of treatment, were created using @entity1 identified in a literature search. Twenty-three @entity1 (11,589 @entity0 ) were included in the 6-month model and 10 @entity1 (6051 @entity0 ) in the 12-month model. Nine biologic DMARDs in five therapeutic drug classes were included in the 6-month model, and six biologic DMARDs in three classes were included in the 12-month model. Our efficacy end point was the American College of Rheumatology 50% improvement criteria. In the 6-month model, all biologic DMARDs and @entity3 were significantly more efficacious than placebo and ranked in the following order: certolizumab (median log odds ratio [OR] 2.6), tocilizumab (1.7), rituximab (1.6), infliximab (1.6), etanercept (1.4), adalimumab (1.4), golimumab (1.4), abatacept (1.2), anakinra (1.0), and @entity3 (0.8). Of 45 pairwise comparisons, certolizumab was significantly more efficacious than @entity3 , but no other comparisons were significant. The rank order in the 12-month analysis was certolizumab (median log OR 2.0), @entity4 (2.0), adalimumab (1.4), infliximab (1.4), etanercept (0.9), abatacept (0.6), and @entity3 (0.8). Of the 21 pairwise comparisons, none were significant. The results of the model using therapeutic class revealed that each class was more efficacious than placebo. In pairwise comparisons, each class was more efficacious than @entity3 , but none was more efficacious than another. CONCLUSION: Use of emerging ITC methods enabled us to compare the efficacy of biologic DMARDs for the treatment of @entity2 in the absence of direct head-to-head comparison trials. Our methods enabled us to rank order these treatments. Further analyses by drug and by therapeutic class suggest that biologic DMARDs are similarly efficacious.

title: Effectiveness of biologic therapies for XXXX : an indirect comparisons approach.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a @entity2 resulting in a profound deterioration in quality of life. The FSL   is a newly developed phototherapy device generating full-spectrum light (FSL) with a continuous wavelength (320-5000 nm). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FSL   phototherapy in @entity3 . METHODS: We enrolled 38 @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity3 in this open, randomized, controlled, prospective study. In the FSL-irradiated group (20 @entity0 ), irradiation was conducted twice per week for 4 consecutive weeks. In the control group (18 @entity0 ), only emollient application was allowed. SCORing @entity4 (SCORAD) values were obtained at baseline, week 4 and 8. @entity0 were asked to give subjective assessments of improvement and laboratory tests including serum eosinophil counts, ECP levels, IgE levels and 22 cytokine levels were performed. RESULTS: In the FSL-irradiated group, the mean SCORAD value decreased significantly after 4 weeks of phototherapy and remained reduced for a further 4 weeks after the cessation of treatment. In the control group, the mean SCORAD value did not change significantly over the study period. @entity0 ' subjective assessments indicated good to excellent responses in 75% of the FSL-irradiated group, by contrast with 50% of the control group. The mean values for serum eosinophil counts, @entity5 and @entity1 levels decreased significantly after FLS phototherapy. No serious adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we showed that FSL   phototherapy can be an effective and safe treatment option in @entity3 .

title: Full-spectrum light phototherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: As part of a large-scale investigation of @entity1 incidence, etiology, and survival, a case-control study was conducted to identify whether diet and @entity2 , among other variables, were associated with the risk of @entity1 . This study compared 715 cases with 727 age- and sex-matched community controls. Findings from the dietary data are presented in the previous paper (Nutr Cancer 9, 21-42, 1987). The total life intake of specific alcoholic beverages was obtained from each subject. Data were classified by consumption of beer, wine, spirits, and @entity2 . There was little evidence of an association of any of the @entity2 variables with the risk of @entity3 . However, beer was found to be a risk factor for @entity0 . This effect was more marked in males than in females, but the relative risks for females were consistent with those for males. Relative risk estimates changed only slightly when adjusted for the other @entity2 variables and for the variables in the diet model; this suggests that the beer effect is separate from that of other @entity2 variables and also from dietary variables. The age differences among beer consumers were found to be associated with @entity0 risk. Consumption of spirits was associated with a low risk for @entity4 . The risk of @entity0 appeared to depend on beer drinking patterns in the previous 15-20 years.

title: Case-control study of alcoholic beverages as etiological factors: the Melbourne XXXX Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Nine cases of severe @entity4 or @entity2 compatible with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) as a complication of @entity5 and @entity3 were identified in Minnesota with onsets between Jan 2, 1986, and Feb 23, 1986, in which five of the @entity0 died. During this time, an @entity5 outbreak was occurring in the state. Cultures of respiratory secretions were performed in eight @entity0 ; @entity6 was isolated from all of them. Seven @entity6 isolates were available for determination of exotoxin production; five isolates produced @entity1 toxin-1, one produced enterotoxin B, and one produced both. Acute @entity7 was confirmed in three of four @entity0 for whom throat cultures or acute and convalescent serum samples were available. Two @entity0 fulfilled the Centers for Disease Control-confirmed case definition for @entity1 . Four additional @entity0 fulfilled the CDC criteria for a probable case of @entity1 , and @entity1 was a likely diagnosis in the remaining three @entity0 . The initial presentation was suggestive of nonsuppurative @entity10 or @entity9 in eight @entity0 . In the remaining @entity0 , the initial clinical presentation was compatible with @entity8 . This report demonstrates that @entity1 can occur as a complication of @entity5 and @entity3 .

title: XXXX . A newly recognized complication of @entity5 and @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Nine cases of severe @entity4 or @entity2 compatible with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) as a complication of @entity5 and @entity3 were identified in Minnesota with onsets between Jan 2, 1986, and Feb 23, 1986, in which five of the @entity0 died. During this time, an @entity5 outbreak was occurring in the state. Cultures of respiratory secretions were performed in eight @entity0 ; @entity6 was isolated from all of them. Seven @entity6 isolates were available for determination of exotoxin production; five isolates produced @entity1 toxin-1, one produced enterotoxin B, and one produced both. Acute @entity7 was confirmed in three of four @entity0 for whom throat cultures or acute and convalescent serum samples were available. Two @entity0 fulfilled the Centers for Disease Control-confirmed case definition for @entity1 . Four additional @entity0 fulfilled the CDC criteria for a probable case of @entity1 , and @entity1 was a likely diagnosis in the remaining three @entity0 . The initial presentation was suggestive of nonsuppurative @entity10 or @entity9 in eight @entity0 . In the remaining @entity0 , the initial clinical presentation was compatible with @entity8 . This report demonstrates that @entity1 can occur as a complication of @entity5 and @entity3 .

title: @entity1 . A newly recognized complication of @entity5 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Nine cases of severe @entity4 or @entity2 compatible with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) as a complication of @entity5 and @entity3 were identified in Minnesota with onsets between Jan 2, 1986, and Feb 23, 1986, in which five of the @entity0 died. During this time, an @entity5 outbreak was occurring in the state. Cultures of respiratory secretions were performed in eight @entity0 ; @entity6 was isolated from all of them. Seven @entity6 isolates were available for determination of exotoxin production; five isolates produced @entity1 toxin-1, one produced enterotoxin B, and one produced both. Acute @entity7 was confirmed in three of four @entity0 for whom throat cultures or acute and convalescent serum samples were available. Two @entity0 fulfilled the Centers for Disease Control-confirmed case definition for @entity1 . Four additional @entity0 fulfilled the CDC criteria for a probable case of @entity1 , and @entity1 was a likely diagnosis in the remaining three @entity0 . The initial presentation was suggestive of nonsuppurative @entity10 or @entity9 in eight @entity0 . In the remaining @entity0 , the initial clinical presentation was compatible with @entity8 . This report demonstrates that @entity1 can occur as a complication of @entity5 and @entity3 .

title: @entity1 . A newly recognized complication of XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Several modifications of the Fontan principle are currently applied to the treatment of @entity5 with low mortality. The use of these modifications in other @entity4 has most frequently been associated with less satisfactory results. At our institution, from June 1977 to October 1986, 35 consecutive @entity0 , whose ages ranged from 8 months to 20 years (median age 3.4 years), underwent a modified Fontan procedure. Twenty @entity0 with a median age of 3.2 years (group I) having @entity5 (16 @entity0 ) or @entity7 right @entity1 (four @entity0 ) were treated by means of a right @entity3 (12 @entity0 ) or right atrium-subpulmonary chamber connection (eight @entity0 ). Fifteen @entity0 (group II) with a median age of 3.6 years, having a single left ventricle (10 @entity0 ), left @entity2 or @entity6 (three @entity0 ), or double-outlet right ventricle (two @entity0 ), underwent right @entity3 , together with a repositioning of the atrial septum to the right of the right atrioventricular valve, which thus left intact the inlet to the ventricle(s). The operative mortality rate was 25% in group I and 0% in group II. One @entity0 in group I and one in group II died late postoperatively. All the 28 survivors are free of symptoms 3 months to 9 years after correction. According to our results, low risk can be associated with modified Fontan procedures in the treatment of @entity8 other than tricuspid or @entity6 . Preserving the integrity of the entire inlet to the ventricle(s) by repositioning the interatrial septum, as done in group II @entity4 , might be helpful in improving the quality of the repair.

title: XXXX . Comparison of results with a modified Fontan procedure.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We studied the effects of a single exercise session on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and on postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPLA) and hepatic @entity2 hydrolase activities (HTGLA) in 11 trained (T) and ten untrained (UT) @entity0 . Subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer at 80% of their maximal heart rate for one (UT) or two hours (T). Blood samples were drawn 24 hours before and at ten minutes and 24, 48, and 72 hours after exercise. Values were analyzed before and after adjustment for estimated changes in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). High density lipoprotein @entity1 (HDL-C) increased 2 +/- 4 mg/dL in T (P less than 0.05) and 1 +/- 2 mg/dL in UT subjects beginning 48 hours after exercise. This increase was magnified by adjusting for the 5% to 8% postexercise expansion of @entity3 . The increase in HDL in the T subjects was produced by increases in the @entity4 -C subfraction (+3 +/- 4 mg/dL, P less than 0.05) whereas @entity5 increased in the UT @entity0 (+2 +/- 3 mg/dL, P less than 0.05). LPLA did not change in either subject group when estimated @entity3 changes were ignored but increased 11% (P less than 0.05) at 24 hours after exercise when @entity3 was considered. HTGLA was 11% below baseline in the UT @entity0 24 to 72 hours after exercise (P less than 0.05) but showed no change in either subject group after adjustment for @entity3 . These results demonstrate that exercise acutely increases HDL levels by raising the @entity4 subfraction in T and the @entity5 subfraction in UT @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Exercise acutely increases high density lipoprotein- XXXX and lipoprotein lipase activity in trained and untrained @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We studied the effects of a single exercise session on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and on postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPLA) and hepatic @entity2 hydrolase activities (HTGLA) in 11 trained (T) and ten untrained (UT) @entity0 . Subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer at 80% of their maximal heart rate for one (UT) or two hours (T). Blood samples were drawn 24 hours before and at ten minutes and 24, 48, and 72 hours after exercise. Values were analyzed before and after adjustment for estimated changes in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). High density lipoprotein @entity1 (HDL-C) increased 2 +/- 4 mg/dL in T (P less than 0.05) and 1 +/- 2 mg/dL in UT subjects beginning 48 hours after exercise. This increase was magnified by adjusting for the 5% to 8% postexercise expansion of @entity3 . The increase in HDL in the T subjects was produced by increases in the @entity4 -C subfraction (+3 +/- 4 mg/dL, P less than 0.05) whereas @entity5 increased in the UT @entity0 (+2 +/- 3 mg/dL, P less than 0.05). LPLA did not change in either subject group when estimated @entity3 changes were ignored but increased 11% (P less than 0.05) at 24 hours after exercise when @entity3 was considered. HTGLA was 11% below baseline in the UT @entity0 24 to 72 hours after exercise (P less than 0.05) but showed no change in either subject group after adjustment for @entity3 . These results demonstrate that exercise acutely increases HDL levels by raising the @entity4 subfraction in T and the @entity5 subfraction in UT @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Exercise acutely increases high density lipoprotein- @entity1 and lipoprotein lipase activity in trained and untrained XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A case of intrasylvian @entity4 is presented with some considerations to the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of the @entity1 . A 34-year-old Japanese @entity0 , who had experienced several episodes of @entity3 attacks since 19 years old, was admitted to our hospital on March 22, 1983. Her plain skull roentgenogram showed abnormal calcification in her left fronto-temporal region. CT scan demonstrated clear-marginal high density mass in the left sylvian fissure which was homogeneously enhanced after administration of contrast medium. Left carotid angiogram showed intrasylvian mass with small @entity1 stain in late arterial phase, but external carotid artery had no concern with this @entity1 . On March 30, left fronto-temporal craniotomy was performed. The @entity1 was located in the extra-axial space of the sylvian fissure without any attachment to the dura mater or to the choroid plexus of the ventricles. This hard @entity1 , 70 grams in its weight, was successfully removed. It was histologically diagnosed @entity4 . The @entity0 was discharged without any @entity2 . Twenty-four cases of @entity4 not attached to the dura mater or to choroid plexus could be reviewed from the literature. This type of @entity4 is occasionally called " @entity5 ", but in some reports the @entity1 developed far from sylvian fissure. And even in the cases in which the @entity1 were reported to be located in the sylvian fissure, macroscopic space where @entity1 developed was various. The clinical features, diagnosis, and surgical management of this @entity1 were also discussed in the report.

title: [ XXXX : case report and review of the literature].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of trans-esophageal atrial stimulation in decreasing @entity2 . 31 @entity0 , aged between 26 and 86 years, underwent 38 esophageal stimulations between August 1986 and April 1987. Esophageal stimulation was carried out with a device delivering major stimuli (10 to 20 ms) as well as high voltages (10 to 20 volts). A bipolar probe of permanent intracardiac stimulation was placed behind the left atrium, via a trans-esophageal approach under ECG guidance. Stimulations were carried out at a slightly faster rhythm than that of the @entity2 , for 1 to 30 seconds with a progressive increase of the stimulation frequency (280 to 960 impulses/min) until either a sinus rhythm or an @entity1 was obtained. A sinus rhythm was obtained immediately (21 times out of 38; 55.3%) and at the 24th hour after temporary @entity1 in 8 additional @entity0 (21%). The reduction percentage at 24 hours was therefore 76.3 p. cent. In 6 @entity0 (15.8%), esophageal stimulation failed and in 3 additional @entity0 , after @entity1 , there was either relapse into @entity3 , or persistence of @entity1 at the 24th hour. Esophageal stimulation was well tolerated in all cases. There were no local or rhythm complications. In conclusion, trans-esophageal atrial stimulation appears to be effective, easy to implement, economical and well tolerated. Its primary use to decrease @entity2 seems justified, permitting to avoid in 75 p. cent of the time, recourse to intracardiac atrial stimulation or external shock.

title: [Value of esophageal stimulation for decreasing XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The mortality experience of 10,834 @entity0 treated with x-rays for @entity6 between 1948 and 1960, 10,834 matched comparison subjects, and 5,392 siblings was evaluated over an average follow-up period of 26 years. Mortality was ascertained by linking unique personal identification numbers of study subjects with the national @entity2 registry. Radiotherapy in childhood was associated with an increased risk of @entity2 due to @entity1 of the head and neck (relative risk (RR) = 3) and @entity5 ( @entity7 .3). No other causes of @entity2 were significantly elevated after irradiation. The excess of @entity4 (average intracranial dose = 150 rads) confirms that the central nervous system of the @entity0 is sensitive to the induction of @entity1 by radiation. The bone marrow dose averaged over the entire body was approximately 30 rad, and the estimated risk coefficient of 0.9 excess @entity5 per million per year per rad is consistent with other studies of whole-body exposure. A significant @entity3 (RR = 9) was also observed. The pattern of @entity1 risk over time was bimodal; an early peak due to excess @entity5 occurred within a few years of exposure, whereas excesses of solid @entity1 were most apparent after about 15 years. Despite the excess of @entity1 among exposed @entity0 , over 50% of the deaths in the entire study population were from external events, mainly accidents or events related to military service. An estimate of the total impact of @entity1 after childhood irradiation will require additional years of observation since the population irradiated is just now entering the age ranges normally associated with high @entity1 risk.

title: Mortality after radiotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks @entity6 release from presynaptic nerve terminals by cleaving the SNARE complex. BTX-A has been reported to have analgesic effects independent of its action on muscle tone. The most robust results have been observed in @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity2 due to @entity7 has been the most widely studied. BTX-A has shown its efficacy on @entity5 and @entity8 in various animal models of inflammatory @entity2 . The only randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in @entity0 with focal @entity10 due to nerve @entity4 or @entity9 demonstrated significant effects on average @entity5 intensity from 2 weeks after the injections to 14 weeks. Most @entity0 reported @entity5 during the injections, but there were no further local or systemic side effects. The efficacy of BTX-A in painful @entity7 has been more recently studied. Results were positive in the only study in an animal model of @entity7 . One study in @entity0 with @entity1 painful @entity7 demonstrated a significant decrease in Visual Analog Scale. In conclusion, one session of multiple intradermal injection of BTX-A produces long-lasting analgesic effects in @entity0 with focal @entity10 and @entity1 @entity2 , and is particularly well tolerated. The findings are consistent with a @entity7 , the place of a possible central effect remaining to define. Further studies are needed to assess some important issues, i.e. BTX-A efficacy in @entity0 with small fiber @entity3 and the relevance of early and repeated injections. Future studies could also provide valuable insights into pathophysiology of @entity2 .

title: [Botulinum toxin and painful XXXX : what should be expected?].

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plasma exchange may be effective adjunctive treatment for @entity1 . We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of plasma exchange for @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of articles identified from electronic databases, bibliographies, and studies identified by experts. Data were abstracted in parallel by 2 reviewers. SETTING _ POPULATION: Adults with @entity1 or rapidly progressive @entity4 . SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES: Randomized controlled trials that compared standard care with standard care plus adjuvant plasma exchange in adult @entity0 with either @entity1 or @entity6 rapidly progressive @entity4 . INTERVENTION: Adjuvant plasma exchange. OUTCOME: Composite of @entity3 or @entity2 . RESULTS: We identified 9 trials including 387 @entity0 . In a fixed-effects model, the pooled RR for @entity3 or @entity2 was 0.80 for @entity0 treated with adjunctive plasma exchange compared with standard care alone (95% CI, 0.65-0.99; P = 0.04). No significant heterogeneity was detected (P = 0.5; I(2) = 0%). The effect of plasma exchange did not differ significantly across the range of baseline serum @entity5 values (P = 0.7) or number of plasma exchange treatments (P = 0.8). The RR for @entity3 was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.47-0.88; P = 0.006), whereas the RR for @entity2 alone was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.71-1.4; P = 0.9). LIMITATIONS: Although the primary result was statistically significant, there is insufficient statistical information to reliably determine whether plasma exchange decreases the composite of @entity3 or @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Plasma exchange may decrease the composite end point of @entity3 or @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 . Additional trials are required given the limited data available.

title: Plasma exchange for XXXX and @entity6 rapidly progressive @entity4 : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plasma exchange may be effective adjunctive treatment for @entity1 . We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of plasma exchange for @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of articles identified from electronic databases, bibliographies, and studies identified by experts. Data were abstracted in parallel by 2 reviewers. SETTING _ POPULATION: Adults with @entity1 or rapidly progressive @entity4 . SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES: Randomized controlled trials that compared standard care with standard care plus adjuvant plasma exchange in adult @entity0 with either @entity1 or @entity6 rapidly progressive @entity4 . INTERVENTION: Adjuvant plasma exchange. OUTCOME: Composite of @entity3 or @entity2 . RESULTS: We identified 9 trials including 387 @entity0 . In a fixed-effects model, the pooled RR for @entity3 or @entity2 was 0.80 for @entity0 treated with adjunctive plasma exchange compared with standard care alone (95% CI, 0.65-0.99; P = 0.04). No significant heterogeneity was detected (P = 0.5; I(2) = 0%). The effect of plasma exchange did not differ significantly across the range of baseline serum @entity5 values (P = 0.7) or number of plasma exchange treatments (P = 0.8). The RR for @entity3 was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.47-0.88; P = 0.006), whereas the RR for @entity2 alone was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.71-1.4; P = 0.9). LIMITATIONS: Although the primary result was statistically significant, there is insufficient statistical information to reliably determine whether plasma exchange decreases the composite of @entity3 or @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Plasma exchange may decrease the composite end point of @entity3 or @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 . Additional trials are required given the limited data available.

title: Plasma exchange for @entity1 and XXXX rapidly progressive @entity4 : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plasma exchange may be effective adjunctive treatment for @entity1 . We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of plasma exchange for @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of articles identified from electronic databases, bibliographies, and studies identified by experts. Data were abstracted in parallel by 2 reviewers. SETTING _ POPULATION: Adults with @entity1 or rapidly progressive @entity4 . SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES: Randomized controlled trials that compared standard care with standard care plus adjuvant plasma exchange in adult @entity0 with either @entity1 or @entity6 rapidly progressive @entity4 . INTERVENTION: Adjuvant plasma exchange. OUTCOME: Composite of @entity3 or @entity2 . RESULTS: We identified 9 trials including 387 @entity0 . In a fixed-effects model, the pooled RR for @entity3 or @entity2 was 0.80 for @entity0 treated with adjunctive plasma exchange compared with standard care alone (95% CI, 0.65-0.99; P = 0.04). No significant heterogeneity was detected (P = 0.5; I(2) = 0%). The effect of plasma exchange did not differ significantly across the range of baseline serum @entity5 values (P = 0.7) or number of plasma exchange treatments (P = 0.8). The RR for @entity3 was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.47-0.88; P = 0.006), whereas the RR for @entity2 alone was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.71-1.4; P = 0.9). LIMITATIONS: Although the primary result was statistically significant, there is insufficient statistical information to reliably determine whether plasma exchange decreases the composite of @entity3 or @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Plasma exchange may decrease the composite end point of @entity3 or @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 . Additional trials are required given the limited data available.

title: Plasma exchange for @entity1 and @entity6 rapidly progressive XXXX : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Tracks of 30 progressively motile washed @entity0 spermatozoa were plotted manually from 200-Hz frame rate video recordings. Tracks at 100, 66.7, 50, 40, 33.3, 25, 20, 10, and 5 Hz were then constructed using every 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 20th, or 40th point. The 200-Hz tracks were analyzed by traditional manual methods, and all ten sets of tracks analyzed using a computer-assisted method ("Videomot," developed originally to analyze 30-Hz tracks) to eliminate observer bias. Progression velocity (VSL) remained constant under all analysis conditions. Average path velocity (VAP) also remained essentially constant, although Videomot was less reliable at high frame rates due to problems in determining the average path. Curvilinear velocity (VCL) was very frame rate dependent (the 25-Hz mean value was only 56.5% of that at 200 Hz), and Videomot was more accurate than manual analysis at 200 Hz. Values of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were acceptable at most frame rates. At less than 66.7 Hz the inclusion of spurious curvilinear track deviations caused lower mean @entity1 values, and at 5 Hz @entity1 could not be measured since the track was essentially the average path. Beat/cross frequency (BCF) was also frame rate dependent; at high rates there was the same problem as with @entity1 measurements, while at less than or equal to 25 Hz the maximum BCF was restricted by the frame rate. We conclude that @entity0 sperm movement characteristics can be measured at frame rates ca. 30 Hz but only if the constraints affecting VCL and BCF values are understood and accepted. Finally, less than 10 Hz can only give values for VSL and, perhaps, VAP.

title: Influence of image sampling frequency on the perceived movement characteristics of progressively motile XXXX spermatozoa.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The inter- and intrasubject variability in blood concentration-analgesic response relationship for @entity3 were investigated using the technique of @entity0 -controlled analgesia (PCA) in 30 consenting @entity0 scheduled for surgical procedures involving an abdominal incision (15 upper and 15 lower abdominal incisions). All @entity0 had a thiopental, @entity4 / @entity1 , pancuronium anesthetic with 200 microgram @entity3 intraoperatively. @entity2 relief was provided with @entity3 from a Janssen On-Demand Analgesic Computer (ODAC) set to provide a basal infusion rate of 20 microgram/hr, a bolus "demand" dose of 20 microgram, and a lockout period of 5 minutes. Frequent blood samples were collected immediately before @entity0 demanded doses, and these were taken as an estimate of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ). A mean of 22 samples (range 12 to 45) were collected per @entity0 over a mean study duration of 50 hours (range 24 to 72). The @entity0 required larger hourly @entity3 doses in the first 6-hour period (83.9 +/- 30.1 microgram/hr) than in any other 6-hour period (mean values varied from 37.3 to 63 microgram/hr). The mean (+/- SD) hourly @entity3 dose rate and total cumulative dose were 55.8 +/- 22 microgram/hr (range 28.8 to 136 microgram/hr) and 2739 +/- 1191 microgram (range 900 to 6260 microgram), respectively. The mean (+/- SD) @entity5 was 0.63 +/- 0.25 ng/ml (five-fold range from 0.23 to 1.18) and the mean intrapatient coefficient of variation in @entity5 was 30.2% (range 16 to 46%). The @entity5 values remained relatively constant in all @entity0 over the 48-hour study period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity3 blood concentration-analgesic response relationship in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The inter- and intrasubject variability in blood concentration-analgesic response relationship for @entity3 were investigated using the technique of @entity0 -controlled analgesia (PCA) in 30 consenting @entity0 scheduled for surgical procedures involving an abdominal incision (15 upper and 15 lower abdominal incisions). All @entity0 had a thiopental, @entity4 / @entity1 , pancuronium anesthetic with 200 microgram @entity3 intraoperatively. @entity2 relief was provided with @entity3 from a Janssen On-Demand Analgesic Computer (ODAC) set to provide a basal infusion rate of 20 microgram/hr, a bolus "demand" dose of 20 microgram, and a lockout period of 5 minutes. Frequent blood samples were collected immediately before @entity0 demanded doses, and these were taken as an estimate of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ). A mean of 22 samples (range 12 to 45) were collected per @entity0 over a mean study duration of 50 hours (range 24 to 72). The @entity0 required larger hourly @entity3 doses in the first 6-hour period (83.9 +/- 30.1 microgram/hr) than in any other 6-hour period (mean values varied from 37.3 to 63 microgram/hr). The mean (+/- SD) hourly @entity3 dose rate and total cumulative dose were 55.8 +/- 22 microgram/hr (range 28.8 to 136 microgram/hr) and 2739 +/- 1191 microgram (range 900 to 6260 microgram), respectively. The mean (+/- SD) @entity5 was 0.63 +/- 0.25 ng/ml (five-fold range from 0.23 to 1.18) and the mean intrapatient coefficient of variation in @entity5 was 30.2% (range 16 to 46%). The @entity5 values remained relatively constant in all @entity0 over the 48-hour study period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX blood concentration-analgesic response relationship in the treatment of @entity2 .

answer: @entity3