abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injections of two different hyaluronan preparations and placebo in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: In a randomized, @entity0 - and observer-blind, placebo-controlled and multicentre trial with parallel groups, 210 @entity0 , aged 60 yr or above, with @entity3 were included in a per protocol analysis. The @entity0 were treated with three injections, once weekly, of either native high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (Artzal((R))) or cross-linked hyaluronan (Synvisc((R))) or with placebo and were followed for 52 weeks. The primary efficacy measures were weight-bearing @entity1 during study weeks 0-26 and the duration of clinical benefit measured with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for weeks 0-52. The secondary outcome measures were resting and maximum @entity1 , Lequesne index, WOMAC (Western Ontario and @entity2 Index) and SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey) scores. RESULTS: The intra-articular injections produced a significant reduction in weight-bearing @entity1 , @entity1 , maximum @entity1 and Lequesne and WOMAC scores after 26 weeks. There were no significant differences in outcome between any of the three study groups during the first 26 weeks. In direct comparison against placebo for weeks 0-52, neither hyaluronan treatment (Artzal or Synvisc) showed a significantly longer duration of clinical benefit than placebo. However, when data for the two hyaluronan-treated groups were pooled, treatment with hyaluronan had a significantly longer duration of benefit compared with placebo (P = 0.047). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity3 who were treated by injection into the knee of either of two hyaluronan preparations or placebo showed clinical improvement during the first 26 weeks of treatment, though neither hyaluronan preparation gave a longer duration of clinical benefit than placebo. However, when data for the two hyaluronan treatments were pooled, there was a significantly longer duration of clinical benefit for hyaluronan treatment than for placebo.

title: Comparison of two hyaluronan drugs and placebo in @entity0 with XXXX . A controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel-design multicentre study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injections of two different hyaluronan preparations and placebo in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: In a randomized, @entity0 - and observer-blind, placebo-controlled and multicentre trial with parallel groups, 210 @entity0 , aged 60 yr or above, with @entity3 were included in a per protocol analysis. The @entity0 were treated with three injections, once weekly, of either native high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (Artzal((R))) or cross-linked hyaluronan (Synvisc((R))) or with placebo and were followed for 52 weeks. The primary efficacy measures were weight-bearing @entity1 during study weeks 0-26 and the duration of clinical benefit measured with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for weeks 0-52. The secondary outcome measures were resting and maximum @entity1 , Lequesne index, WOMAC (Western Ontario and @entity2 Index) and SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey) scores. RESULTS: The intra-articular injections produced a significant reduction in weight-bearing @entity1 , @entity1 , maximum @entity1 and Lequesne and WOMAC scores after 26 weeks. There were no significant differences in outcome between any of the three study groups during the first 26 weeks. In direct comparison against placebo for weeks 0-52, neither hyaluronan treatment (Artzal or Synvisc) showed a significantly longer duration of clinical benefit than placebo. However, when data for the two hyaluronan-treated groups were pooled, treatment with hyaluronan had a significantly longer duration of benefit compared with placebo (P = 0.047). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity3 who were treated by injection into the knee of either of two hyaluronan preparations or placebo showed clinical improvement during the first 26 weeks of treatment, though neither hyaluronan preparation gave a longer duration of clinical benefit than placebo. However, when data for the two hyaluronan treatments were pooled, there was a significantly longer duration of clinical benefit for hyaluronan treatment than for placebo.

title: Comparison of two hyaluronan drugs and placebo in XXXX with @entity3 . A controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel-design multicentre study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a dominantly @entity6 associated with @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity3 . Presented here are 5 @entity1 cases. A morphometric analysis of the histopathology of their sural nerves was carried out to know the relationship between axon size and myelin thickness. @entity1 cases were identified by polymerase chain reaction. On the basis of the clinical symptoms, there was 1 type I, 2 type II and 2 type III @entity0 . The sural nerves were biopsied for single-fiber, ultrastructural and morphometric analysis. Morphometric parameters such as fiber and axon sizes, myelin thickness and g ratio (axon diameter:fiber diameter) were estimated. The pathological features of the sural nerves in the 2 type III and 1 of the type II @entity0 revealed a loss of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, and the morphometry studies showed a decreased fiber density, the loss of large myelinated fibers, a smaller size of the axons with thinner myelin sheaths and an increased percentage of myelinated fibers with a g ratio (axon diameter:fiber diameter) above 0.7. However, only subtle pathological changes were noted in the type I @entity0 and the remaining type II @entity0 . Our findings suggested that there is a loss of large myelinated fibers and distal axonopathy with relative @entity7 of @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: @entity3 of XXXX in Taiwan: a morphometric and genetic study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a dominantly @entity6 associated with @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity3 . Presented here are 5 @entity1 cases. A morphometric analysis of the histopathology of their sural nerves was carried out to know the relationship between axon size and myelin thickness. @entity1 cases were identified by polymerase chain reaction. On the basis of the clinical symptoms, there was 1 type I, 2 type II and 2 type III @entity0 . The sural nerves were biopsied for single-fiber, ultrastructural and morphometric analysis. Morphometric parameters such as fiber and axon sizes, myelin thickness and g ratio (axon diameter:fiber diameter) were estimated. The pathological features of the sural nerves in the 2 type III and 1 of the type II @entity0 revealed a loss of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, and the morphometry studies showed a decreased fiber density, the loss of large myelinated fibers, a smaller size of the axons with thinner myelin sheaths and an increased percentage of myelinated fibers with a g ratio (axon diameter:fiber diameter) above 0.7. However, only subtle pathological changes were noted in the type I @entity0 and the remaining type II @entity0 . Our findings suggested that there is a loss of large myelinated fibers and distal axonopathy with relative @entity7 of @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: XXXX of @entity1 in Taiwan: a morphometric and genetic study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to define the incidence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) after endovascular treatment of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Because aortic endograft placement requires prolonged femoral vessel instrumentation, it may be hypothesized that these @entity0 are at increased risk for development of an acute @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity0 (42 @entity0 , eight @entity0 ) ranging in age from 48 to 85 years (mean, 72 years) underwent endovascular treatment of an AAA from January 2000 to August 2001. Clinical examination and bilateral lower extremity duplex ultrasonography for @entity4 were performed on the first postoperative day and at the 1-month follow-up visit. No @entity0 had a prior @entity4 or identifiable @entity2 state. Seven @entity0 (14%) had concurrent @entity1 . Preoperative antiplatelet agents were administered in 26 @entity0 (52%), and nine (18%) were on @entity5 therapy before surgery. No new @entity4 prophylaxis was initiated perioperatively. Epidural anesthesia was used in 60% of the @entity0 , with general endotracheal anesthesia used in the remainder. Risk factors for @entity4 were evaluated with univariate statistical analysis. RESULTS: Three @entity0 (6%) had an @entity4 develop. Two occurred in the femoral veins, and one occurred in the popliteal vein. Of these @entity0 , one had been continued on perioperative anticoagulation therapy, and the remaining two were started on low-molecular weight heparin and @entity5 therapy on recognition of the @entity4 . One @entity0 had an intraoperative injury of the affected common femoral vein, and this individual was the only one to have clinical signs of a @entity4 . The mean follow-up period was 8 +/- 0.8 months. In this experience, factors that may have placed @entity0 at increased risk for an acute @entity4 were not identified. CONCLUSION: Six percent of @entity0 undergoing endovascular repair of @entity3 had postoperative @entity4 develop. These @entity0 had a number of risk factors for the development of a @entity4 ; however, no specific factor was identified that predisposed to @entity4 .

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX is associated with a low incidence of @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to define the incidence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) after endovascular treatment of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Because aortic endograft placement requires prolonged femoral vessel instrumentation, it may be hypothesized that these @entity0 are at increased risk for development of an acute @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity0 (42 @entity0 , eight @entity0 ) ranging in age from 48 to 85 years (mean, 72 years) underwent endovascular treatment of an AAA from January 2000 to August 2001. Clinical examination and bilateral lower extremity duplex ultrasonography for @entity4 were performed on the first postoperative day and at the 1-month follow-up visit. No @entity0 had a prior @entity4 or identifiable @entity2 state. Seven @entity0 (14%) had concurrent @entity1 . Preoperative antiplatelet agents were administered in 26 @entity0 (52%), and nine (18%) were on @entity5 therapy before surgery. No new @entity4 prophylaxis was initiated perioperatively. Epidural anesthesia was used in 60% of the @entity0 , with general endotracheal anesthesia used in the remainder. Risk factors for @entity4 were evaluated with univariate statistical analysis. RESULTS: Three @entity0 (6%) had an @entity4 develop. Two occurred in the femoral veins, and one occurred in the popliteal vein. Of these @entity0 , one had been continued on perioperative anticoagulation therapy, and the remaining two were started on low-molecular weight heparin and @entity5 therapy on recognition of the @entity4 . One @entity0 had an intraoperative injury of the affected common femoral vein, and this individual was the only one to have clinical signs of a @entity4 . The mean follow-up period was 8 +/- 0.8 months. In this experience, factors that may have placed @entity0 at increased risk for an acute @entity4 were not identified. CONCLUSION: Six percent of @entity0 undergoing endovascular repair of @entity3 had postoperative @entity4 develop. These @entity0 had a number of risk factors for the development of a @entity4 ; however, no specific factor was identified that predisposed to @entity4 .

title: Endovascular treatment of @entity3 is associated with a low incidence of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the safety of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) within 6 weeks after a nondisabling carotid-related @entity2 . Endpoints were the perioperative @entity1 or mortality rate and the incidence rate of cerebral bleedings. METHODS: This prospective observational multicenter trial was performed in community and university centers. One hundred sixty-four hospitalized @entity0 with nondisabling carotid-related @entity2 were included. The @entity0 were identified clinically with the modified Rankin scale (initial neurologic deficit grade >/= 2, n = 160). Four @entity0 with evidence of ischemic territorial infarction on cerebral computed tomographic (CT) scan but no persisting functional deficit were also included. CEA was performed within 6 weeks after @entity1 . Neurologic examinations were performed initially, before surgery, 3 days after surgery, and 6 weeks after CEA. Worsening of more than 1 grade on the Rankin scale was considered as a new @entity1 or @entity1 extension. Unenhanced CT scans of the brain were performed before and after surgery. CT scans were evaluated blind to clinical @entity0 data. Statistical analysis included univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The combined @entity1 or mortality rate within 30 days after CEA was 6.7%. Ten @entity0 had a new @entity1 or @entity1 extension, and one @entity0 died after surgery of a @entity4 . One @entity0 (0.6%) had @entity6 , and in 10 @entity0 , hemorrhagic transformation within the preexisting @entity5 was detected but no @entity5 extension was observed. In the multivariate analysis, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grades III and IV and decreasing age were significant predictors for an increased perioperative risk. @entity0 with a higher risk profile (ASA classification grades III and IV) had a high perioperative risk when CEA was performed within the first 3 weeks (14.6% versus 4.8% beyond 3 weeks). @entity0 without severe concomitant diseases (ASA grades I/II) had a low perioperative risk of 3.4% if CEA was performed within the first 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: Early CEA within 6 weeks after a carotid-related @entity2 can be performed with a perioperative @entity1 or mortality rate comparable with the results reported in the European Carotid Surgery Trial and the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. The risk of @entity3 is low. ASA grades III and IV and decreasing age were predictive of an increased perioperative risk, especially if CEA was performed within the first 3 weeks. @entity0 at low risk can undergo operation safely within the first 3 weeks. Individual @entity0 selection in an interdisciplinary approach between neurologists, anesthesiologists, and vascular surgeons remains mandatory in these @entity0 .

title: The Carotid Surgery for @entity2 trial: a prospective observational study on carotid endarterectomy in the early period after XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the safety of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) within 6 weeks after a nondisabling carotid-related @entity2 . Endpoints were the perioperative @entity1 or mortality rate and the incidence rate of cerebral bleedings. METHODS: This prospective observational multicenter trial was performed in community and university centers. One hundred sixty-four hospitalized @entity0 with nondisabling carotid-related @entity2 were included. The @entity0 were identified clinically with the modified Rankin scale (initial neurologic deficit grade >/= 2, n = 160). Four @entity0 with evidence of ischemic territorial infarction on cerebral computed tomographic (CT) scan but no persisting functional deficit were also included. CEA was performed within 6 weeks after @entity1 . Neurologic examinations were performed initially, before surgery, 3 days after surgery, and 6 weeks after CEA. Worsening of more than 1 grade on the Rankin scale was considered as a new @entity1 or @entity1 extension. Unenhanced CT scans of the brain were performed before and after surgery. CT scans were evaluated blind to clinical @entity0 data. Statistical analysis included univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The combined @entity1 or mortality rate within 30 days after CEA was 6.7%. Ten @entity0 had a new @entity1 or @entity1 extension, and one @entity0 died after surgery of a @entity4 . One @entity0 (0.6%) had @entity6 , and in 10 @entity0 , hemorrhagic transformation within the preexisting @entity5 was detected but no @entity5 extension was observed. In the multivariate analysis, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grades III and IV and decreasing age were significant predictors for an increased perioperative risk. @entity0 with a higher risk profile (ASA classification grades III and IV) had a high perioperative risk when CEA was performed within the first 3 weeks (14.6% versus 4.8% beyond 3 weeks). @entity0 without severe concomitant diseases (ASA grades I/II) had a low perioperative risk of 3.4% if CEA was performed within the first 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: Early CEA within 6 weeks after a carotid-related @entity2 can be performed with a perioperative @entity1 or mortality rate comparable with the results reported in the European Carotid Surgery Trial and the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. The risk of @entity3 is low. ASA grades III and IV and decreasing age were predictive of an increased perioperative risk, especially if CEA was performed within the first 3 weeks. @entity0 at low risk can undergo operation safely within the first 3 weeks. Individual @entity0 selection in an interdisciplinary approach between neurologists, anesthesiologists, and vascular surgeons remains mandatory in these @entity0 .

title: The Carotid Surgery for XXXX trial: a prospective observational study on carotid endarterectomy in the early period after @entity2 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lipid levels generally fall after an acute @entity3 . This study was conducted to see what trends lipid levels had in @entity0 who underwent operation for @entity1 . METHODS: The study was prospective and included 30 @entity0 who underwent operation for @entity1 . Serum lipid profiles and @entity4 were analyzed before surgery and 3 months after peripheral bypass surgery. In addition, comparison of lipid levels after surgery was made with 287 healthy and 283 @entity1 heart disease controls from The Copenhagen City Heart Study. RESULTS: Total, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein @entity2 levels were found to be significantly lower before surgery than 3 months after surgery (P <.001). In contrast, @entity4 was higher before surgery and decreased after 3 months (P <.0001). An inverse linear correlation was found between total @entity2 /low density lipoprotein @entity2 and @entity4 (P <.001 and P <.04, respectively). Comparison with controls showed that @entity2 levels 3 months after surgery were significantly lower (P <.009). CONCLUSION: Serum @entity2 levels are not reliable in the preoperative period and should therefore be measured at least 3 months after surgery when they seem to approach a more representative level.

title: Serum lipids act as inverse acute phase reactants and are falsely low in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lipid levels generally fall after an acute @entity3 . This study was conducted to see what trends lipid levels had in @entity0 who underwent operation for @entity1 . METHODS: The study was prospective and included 30 @entity0 who underwent operation for @entity1 . Serum lipid profiles and @entity4 were analyzed before surgery and 3 months after peripheral bypass surgery. In addition, comparison of lipid levels after surgery was made with 287 healthy and 283 @entity1 heart disease controls from The Copenhagen City Heart Study. RESULTS: Total, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein @entity2 levels were found to be significantly lower before surgery than 3 months after surgery (P <.001). In contrast, @entity4 was higher before surgery and decreased after 3 months (P <.0001). An inverse linear correlation was found between total @entity2 /low density lipoprotein @entity2 and @entity4 (P <.001 and P <.04, respectively). Comparison with controls showed that @entity2 levels 3 months after surgery were significantly lower (P <.009). CONCLUSION: Serum @entity2 levels are not reliable in the preoperative period and should therefore be measured at least 3 months after surgery when they seem to approach a more representative level.

title: Serum lipids act as inverse acute phase reactants and are falsely low in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: To compare @entity10 with @entity7 as to their efficacy to eradicate @entity4 in two different treatment schedules both consisting of a combination of either of above with two antibiotics for 1 week, and to relate these treatment results to primary antibiotic resistance. METHODS: 256 @entity4 positive @entity0 with non-ulcer @entity6 were randomised to one of the following four treatment groups: @entity7 20 mg + @entity8 500 mg + @entity1 1000 mg (OCA); @entity9 bismuth @entity5 400 mg + @entity8 500 mg + @entity1 1000 mg (RBCCA); @entity7 20 mg + @entity8 500 mg + @entity3 500 mg (OCM); @entity9 bismuth @entity5 400 mg + @entity8 500 mg + @entity3 500 mg (RBCCM). All drugs were given twice daily for one week. The @entity0 were assessed for prevalence of @entity4 by CLO test, histology and culture on gastric biopsy samples obtained during upper @entity2 before randomisation and 4-6 weeks after completion of therapy. Bacterial sensitivity to @entity8 , @entity3 and @entity1 was determined by E-test. RESULTS: On per-protocol analysis, overall eradication rates were 96% for RBCCA vs. 85% for OCA (p = 0.03), and 95% for RBCCM vs. 79% for OCM (p = 0.01). Amongst the 196 @entity0 (77% of the entire study group) in whom antibiotic sensitivity testing was technically feasible, primary resistance was found in 8% for @entity8 , in 33% for @entity3 , and in 0% for @entity1 . Eradication of @entity8 sensitive/resistant strains was 89%/40% for OCA (p = 0.0042) and 98%/80% for RBCCA (p = 0.0428). When strains were sensitive to both antibiotics, cure rates with OCM/RBCCM were 87%/96% respectively (p = 0.39), for strains resistant to @entity8 only, eradication was achieved in 82% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.2), and in the case of @entity3 resistance in 85% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 in combination with @entity8 and either @entity3 or @entity1 produced higher eradication rates than @entity7 co-administered with the same antibiotics. This appeared especially prominent in the subgroups with @entity8 resistance without, however, reaching statistical significance. Efficacy of neither eradication regimen was influenced by @entity3 sensitivity to a significant degree.

title: The impact of primary antibiotic resistance on the efficacy of XXXX bismuth @entity5 - vs. @entity7 -based one-week triple therapies in @entity4 eradication--a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity9


abstract: AIMS: To compare @entity10 with @entity7 as to their efficacy to eradicate @entity4 in two different treatment schedules both consisting of a combination of either of above with two antibiotics for 1 week, and to relate these treatment results to primary antibiotic resistance. METHODS: 256 @entity4 positive @entity0 with non-ulcer @entity6 were randomised to one of the following four treatment groups: @entity7 20 mg + @entity8 500 mg + @entity1 1000 mg (OCA); @entity9 bismuth @entity5 400 mg + @entity8 500 mg + @entity1 1000 mg (RBCCA); @entity7 20 mg + @entity8 500 mg + @entity3 500 mg (OCM); @entity9 bismuth @entity5 400 mg + @entity8 500 mg + @entity3 500 mg (RBCCM). All drugs were given twice daily for one week. The @entity0 were assessed for prevalence of @entity4 by CLO test, histology and culture on gastric biopsy samples obtained during upper @entity2 before randomisation and 4-6 weeks after completion of therapy. Bacterial sensitivity to @entity8 , @entity3 and @entity1 was determined by E-test. RESULTS: On per-protocol analysis, overall eradication rates were 96% for RBCCA vs. 85% for OCA (p = 0.03), and 95% for RBCCM vs. 79% for OCM (p = 0.01). Amongst the 196 @entity0 (77% of the entire study group) in whom antibiotic sensitivity testing was technically feasible, primary resistance was found in 8% for @entity8 , in 33% for @entity3 , and in 0% for @entity1 . Eradication of @entity8 sensitive/resistant strains was 89%/40% for OCA (p = 0.0042) and 98%/80% for RBCCA (p = 0.0428). When strains were sensitive to both antibiotics, cure rates with OCM/RBCCM were 87%/96% respectively (p = 0.39), for strains resistant to @entity8 only, eradication was achieved in 82% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.2), and in the case of @entity3 resistance in 85% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 in combination with @entity8 and either @entity3 or @entity1 produced higher eradication rates than @entity7 co-administered with the same antibiotics. This appeared especially prominent in the subgroups with @entity8 resistance without, however, reaching statistical significance. Efficacy of neither eradication regimen was influenced by @entity3 sensitivity to a significant degree.

title: The impact of primary antibiotic resistance on the efficacy of @entity9 bismuth @entity5 - vs. @entity7 -based one-week triple therapies in XXXX eradication--a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: To compare @entity10 with @entity7 as to their efficacy to eradicate @entity4 in two different treatment schedules both consisting of a combination of either of above with two antibiotics for 1 week, and to relate these treatment results to primary antibiotic resistance. METHODS: 256 @entity4 positive @entity0 with non-ulcer @entity6 were randomised to one of the following four treatment groups: @entity7 20 mg + @entity8 500 mg + @entity1 1000 mg (OCA); @entity9 bismuth @entity5 400 mg + @entity8 500 mg + @entity1 1000 mg (RBCCA); @entity7 20 mg + @entity8 500 mg + @entity3 500 mg (OCM); @entity9 bismuth @entity5 400 mg + @entity8 500 mg + @entity3 500 mg (RBCCM). All drugs were given twice daily for one week. The @entity0 were assessed for prevalence of @entity4 by CLO test, histology and culture on gastric biopsy samples obtained during upper @entity2 before randomisation and 4-6 weeks after completion of therapy. Bacterial sensitivity to @entity8 , @entity3 and @entity1 was determined by E-test. RESULTS: On per-protocol analysis, overall eradication rates were 96% for RBCCA vs. 85% for OCA (p = 0.03), and 95% for RBCCM vs. 79% for OCM (p = 0.01). Amongst the 196 @entity0 (77% of the entire study group) in whom antibiotic sensitivity testing was technically feasible, primary resistance was found in 8% for @entity8 , in 33% for @entity3 , and in 0% for @entity1 . Eradication of @entity8 sensitive/resistant strains was 89%/40% for OCA (p = 0.0042) and 98%/80% for RBCCA (p = 0.0428). When strains were sensitive to both antibiotics, cure rates with OCM/RBCCM were 87%/96% respectively (p = 0.39), for strains resistant to @entity8 only, eradication was achieved in 82% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.2), and in the case of @entity3 resistance in 85% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 in combination with @entity8 and either @entity3 or @entity1 produced higher eradication rates than @entity7 co-administered with the same antibiotics. This appeared especially prominent in the subgroups with @entity8 resistance without, however, reaching statistical significance. Efficacy of neither eradication regimen was influenced by @entity3 sensitivity to a significant degree.

title: The impact of primary antibiotic resistance on the efficacy of @entity9 bismuth XXXX - vs. @entity7 -based one-week triple therapies in @entity4 eradication--a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS: To compare @entity10 with @entity7 as to their efficacy to eradicate @entity4 in two different treatment schedules both consisting of a combination of either of above with two antibiotics for 1 week, and to relate these treatment results to primary antibiotic resistance. METHODS: 256 @entity4 positive @entity0 with non-ulcer @entity6 were randomised to one of the following four treatment groups: @entity7 20 mg + @entity8 500 mg + @entity1 1000 mg (OCA); @entity9 bismuth @entity5 400 mg + @entity8 500 mg + @entity1 1000 mg (RBCCA); @entity7 20 mg + @entity8 500 mg + @entity3 500 mg (OCM); @entity9 bismuth @entity5 400 mg + @entity8 500 mg + @entity3 500 mg (RBCCM). All drugs were given twice daily for one week. The @entity0 were assessed for prevalence of @entity4 by CLO test, histology and culture on gastric biopsy samples obtained during upper @entity2 before randomisation and 4-6 weeks after completion of therapy. Bacterial sensitivity to @entity8 , @entity3 and @entity1 was determined by E-test. RESULTS: On per-protocol analysis, overall eradication rates were 96% for RBCCA vs. 85% for OCA (p = 0.03), and 95% for RBCCM vs. 79% for OCM (p = 0.01). Amongst the 196 @entity0 (77% of the entire study group) in whom antibiotic sensitivity testing was technically feasible, primary resistance was found in 8% for @entity8 , in 33% for @entity3 , and in 0% for @entity1 . Eradication of @entity8 sensitive/resistant strains was 89%/40% for OCA (p = 0.0042) and 98%/80% for RBCCA (p = 0.0428). When strains were sensitive to both antibiotics, cure rates with OCM/RBCCM were 87%/96% respectively (p = 0.39), for strains resistant to @entity8 only, eradication was achieved in 82% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.2), and in the case of @entity3 resistance in 85% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 in combination with @entity8 and either @entity3 or @entity1 produced higher eradication rates than @entity7 co-administered with the same antibiotics. This appeared especially prominent in the subgroups with @entity8 resistance without, however, reaching statistical significance. Efficacy of neither eradication regimen was influenced by @entity3 sensitivity to a significant degree.

title: The impact of primary antibiotic resistance on the efficacy of @entity9 bismuth @entity5 - vs. XXXX -based one-week triple therapies in @entity4 eradication--a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity7


abstract: In an effort to determine a practical, efficient, and economical alternative for the use of a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the detection of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 urine, the performance of two photometric immunoassays (Dade Behring EMIT II and Microgenics CEDIA) and the Diagnostics Products Corp. (DPC) RIA were compared. Precision, accuracy, and linearity of the 3 assays were determined by testing 60 replicates (10 for RIA) at 5 different concentrations below and above the 500-pg/mL LSD cut-off. The CEDIA and RIA exhibited better accuracy and precision than the EMIT II immunoassay. In contrast, the EMIT II and CEDIA demonstrated superior linearity r2 = 0.9809 and 0.9540, respectively, as compared with the RIA (r2 = 0.9062). The specificity of the three assays was assessed using compounds that have structural and chemical properties similar to LSD, common over-the-counter products, prescription drugs and some of their metabolites, and other drugs of abuse. Of the 144 compounds studied, the EMIT II cross-reacted with twice as many compounds as did the CEDIA and RIA. Specificity was also assessed in 221 forensic @entity0 urine specimens that previously screened positive for LSD by the EMIT II assay. Of these, only 11 tested positive by CEDIA, and 3 were positive by RIA. This indicated a comparable specificity performance between CEDIA and RIA. This also was consistent with a previously reported high false-positive rate of EMIT II (low specificity). Each of the immunoassays correctly identified LSD in 23 out of 24 @entity0 urine specimens that had previously been found to contain LSD by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry at a cut-off concentration of 200 pg/mL. The CEDIA exhibited superior precision, accuracy, and decreased cross-reactivity to compounds other than LSD as compared with the EMIT II assay and does not necessitate the handling of radioactive materials.

title: Comparison of EMIT II, CEDIA, and DPC RIA assays for the detection of XXXX in forensic urine samples.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Oral melanin pigmentation is not uncommon in some races and ethnic groups. Repigmentation of depigmented oral mucosa has been described after chemical, thermal, surgical, pharmacologic or idiopathic factors. Information on the repigmentation of oral tissues after surgical procedures is extremely limited. The communication reports on @entity3 over a 7 to 8 year period following removal of gingival tissues. Pigmented keratinized @entity1 was removed in two Jewish Yemanite adult males, who had moderate or heavily pigmented @entity1 . After surgery, the exposed lamina propria was covered by periodontal pack for 7 to 10 days. The tissues were then observed periodically for signs of repigmentation. Healing was uneventful and the surgically treated areas in both @entity0 remained depigmented over the first 2 years. After 32 months, some pigmentation was found in one of the @entity0 , and with the exception of two limited sites, the area was completely repigmented after 7 years. The surgically treated area in the second @entity0 remained depigmented over an 8-year follow-up period. These observations agree with previous reports that describe @entity2 as spontaneous and suggest that further controlled experimental studies be undertaken to explore the biologic basis for repigmentation.

title: Repigmentation of the XXXX following surgical injury.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of @entity0 - @entity1 ( @entity2 - @entity3 ) were studied in six healthy male-castrate @entity4 ( @entity4 ) after intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) drug administration of 15 mg/kg @entity2 - @entity3 using a crossover design with a 2-week washout period. After 90 days one group (n = 3) was given a p.o. dose of 30 mg/kg @entity2 - @entity3 and the other group (n = 3) was given a p.o. dose of 60 mg/kg @entity2 - @entity3 . After i.v. administration of 15 mg/kg of @entity2 - @entity3 the mean initial plasma concentration (C0) was 10.75 +/- 2.12 microg/mL for @entity0 ( @entity2 ) and 158.3 +/- 189.3 microg/mL for @entity1 ( @entity3 ). Elimination half-lives were 0.74 +/- 0.1 h for @entity2 and 2.2 +/- 0.6 h for @entity3 . The mean residence times were 1.45 +/- 0.72 h for @entity2 and 2.8 +/- 0.6 h for @entity3 . The areas under the respective concentration vs. time curves (AUC) were 2.49 +/- 1.62 microg h/mL for @entity2 and 124 +/- 60 microg h/mL for @entity3 . Total clearance (Clt) for @entity2 was 21.63 +/- 9.85 and 1.90 +/- 0.77 mL/min kg for @entity3 . The volume of distribution at steady state was 2.32 +/- 1.15 L/kg for @entity2 and 0.35 +/- 0.09 L/kg for @entity3 . After intragastric administration of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg the peak concentration (Cmax) of @entity3 were 1.9 +/- 0.8, 2.6 +/- 0.4 and 2.8 +/- 0.7 microg/mL, respectively. The AUC was 9.1 +/- 5, 25.9 +/- 3.3 and 39.1 +/- 4.1 microg h/mL, respectively. Based upon these AUC values and correcting for dose, the respective bioavailabilities were 7.7, 10.5 and 7.94%. @entity0 was not detected in plasma after intragastric administration. These data demonstrate that therapeutic concentrations of @entity2 - @entity3 are not achieved after p.o. administration to @entity4 .

title: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of XXXX - @entity1 in @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of @entity0 - @entity1 ( @entity2 - @entity3 ) were studied in six healthy male-castrate @entity4 ( @entity4 ) after intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) drug administration of 15 mg/kg @entity2 - @entity3 using a crossover design with a 2-week washout period. After 90 days one group (n = 3) was given a p.o. dose of 30 mg/kg @entity2 - @entity3 and the other group (n = 3) was given a p.o. dose of 60 mg/kg @entity2 - @entity3 . After i.v. administration of 15 mg/kg of @entity2 - @entity3 the mean initial plasma concentration (C0) was 10.75 +/- 2.12 microg/mL for @entity0 ( @entity2 ) and 158.3 +/- 189.3 microg/mL for @entity1 ( @entity3 ). Elimination half-lives were 0.74 +/- 0.1 h for @entity2 and 2.2 +/- 0.6 h for @entity3 . The mean residence times were 1.45 +/- 0.72 h for @entity2 and 2.8 +/- 0.6 h for @entity3 . The areas under the respective concentration vs. time curves (AUC) were 2.49 +/- 1.62 microg h/mL for @entity2 and 124 +/- 60 microg h/mL for @entity3 . Total clearance (Clt) for @entity2 was 21.63 +/- 9.85 and 1.90 +/- 0.77 mL/min kg for @entity3 . The volume of distribution at steady state was 2.32 +/- 1.15 L/kg for @entity2 and 0.35 +/- 0.09 L/kg for @entity3 . After intragastric administration of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg the peak concentration (Cmax) of @entity3 were 1.9 +/- 0.8, 2.6 +/- 0.4 and 2.8 +/- 0.7 microg/mL, respectively. The AUC was 9.1 +/- 5, 25.9 +/- 3.3 and 39.1 +/- 4.1 microg h/mL, respectively. Based upon these AUC values and correcting for dose, the respective bioavailabilities were 7.7, 10.5 and 7.94%. @entity0 was not detected in plasma after intragastric administration. These data demonstrate that therapeutic concentrations of @entity2 - @entity3 are not achieved after p.o. administration to @entity4 .

title: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of @entity0 - XXXX in @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of @entity0 - @entity1 ( @entity2 - @entity3 ) were studied in six healthy male-castrate @entity4 ( @entity4 ) after intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) drug administration of 15 mg/kg @entity2 - @entity3 using a crossover design with a 2-week washout period. After 90 days one group (n = 3) was given a p.o. dose of 30 mg/kg @entity2 - @entity3 and the other group (n = 3) was given a p.o. dose of 60 mg/kg @entity2 - @entity3 . After i.v. administration of 15 mg/kg of @entity2 - @entity3 the mean initial plasma concentration (C0) was 10.75 +/- 2.12 microg/mL for @entity0 ( @entity2 ) and 158.3 +/- 189.3 microg/mL for @entity1 ( @entity3 ). Elimination half-lives were 0.74 +/- 0.1 h for @entity2 and 2.2 +/- 0.6 h for @entity3 . The mean residence times were 1.45 +/- 0.72 h for @entity2 and 2.8 +/- 0.6 h for @entity3 . The areas under the respective concentration vs. time curves (AUC) were 2.49 +/- 1.62 microg h/mL for @entity2 and 124 +/- 60 microg h/mL for @entity3 . Total clearance (Clt) for @entity2 was 21.63 +/- 9.85 and 1.90 +/- 0.77 mL/min kg for @entity3 . The volume of distribution at steady state was 2.32 +/- 1.15 L/kg for @entity2 and 0.35 +/- 0.09 L/kg for @entity3 . After intragastric administration of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg the peak concentration (Cmax) of @entity3 were 1.9 +/- 0.8, 2.6 +/- 0.4 and 2.8 +/- 0.7 microg/mL, respectively. The AUC was 9.1 +/- 5, 25.9 +/- 3.3 and 39.1 +/- 4.1 microg h/mL, respectively. Based upon these AUC values and correcting for dose, the respective bioavailabilities were 7.7, 10.5 and 7.94%. @entity0 was not detected in plasma after intragastric administration. These data demonstrate that therapeutic concentrations of @entity2 - @entity3 are not achieved after p.o. administration to @entity4 .

title: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of @entity0 - @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Bulimia ( @entity2 ) is a recently described but apparently common @entity1 . @entity0 associated with @entity2 can cause serious medical complications. Prevalence data on @entity0 are lacking for younger adolescents. A survey was conducted with 1,728 tenth-grade students to assess their attitudes about eating, dieting, weight control, and frequency of purging. Height, weight, and skin-fold thicknesses were also measured. Thirteen percent reported @entity0 . Female purgers outnumbered male purgers 2 to 1. Male purgers were significantly heavier than male nonpurgers and had significantly greater skin-fold thicknesses and weight/height2 ratios. Both male and female purgers felt guiltier after eating large amounts of food, counted calories more often, dieted more frequently, and exercised less than nonpurgers. Our findings suggest that an alarming number of young adolescents may employ unhealthy weight regulation strategies. Physicians who see adolescents should look for the presence of the attitudes and behaviors that characterize @entity2 ; this will enhance the likelihood of detection of the disorder and prevention of its complications.

title: Self-induced vomiting and laxative and diuretic use among teenagers. Precursors of the XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity of virtual colonoscopy in detecting @entity2 in a Chinese population. METHODS: Seventy-one consecutive Chinese @entity0 (38 @entity0 and 33 @entity0 ) referred for diagnostic colonoscopy were recruited. @entity0 received a routine bowel preparation in the morning followed by a helical abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan with air insufflation of the colon. The CT images were then processed by using surface-rendered software and interpreted by a single radiologist who was blinded to the clinical information. Colonoscopy was performed in the same afternoon without knowledge of the radiology results. All @entity3 and @entity1 were proven histologically. RESULTS: Five @entity2 were diagnosed and all were detected by virtual colonoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of virtual colonoscopy for the detection of @entity0 with @entity3 of all sizes, and @entity0 with @entity3 >/=10 mm were 59, 92, 88 and 100%, respectively. The procedure was well tolerated by all @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This study was carried out in a real clinical setting without a preselection of cases. Virtual colonoscopy was satisfactory for the detection of @entity3 greater than 10 mm, and for the diagnosis of @entity1 , and it is also a promising imaging modality for @entity2 in a Chinese population.

title: Virtual colonoscopy for the detection of XXXX in a Chinese population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary coronary angioplasty is at present accepted as the most effective reperfusion treatment strategy of the ST elevation acute @entity4 . The optimum approach appears to be combination of the interventional technique (mechanical reperfusion) with aggressive pharmacological treatment aimed at the platelets. Intravenous blockers of the glycoprotein receptors IIb/IIIa together with @entity2 have the additive antiaggregant effect and are used more frequently as adjunctive therapy by coronary interventions in @entity0 with @entity4 . AIM: The assessment of safety and effectiveness of the IIb/IIIa platelet blockers in @entity0 indicated to primary coronary angioplasty. METHODS: Since 1st January 2000 to 30th June 2001 the authors carried out the total of 912 coronary angioplasties in their cathlab, from which in 195 cases (21.4%) the primary angioplasty in @entity4 was conducted. IIb/IIIa blockers were administered in the total of 53 cases (5.1% from the whole amount of coronary angioplasties), in 30 cases (15.4% from the total of 195 @entity0 ) of the primary coronary angioplasties, unlike the elective procedures, where these agents were given only in 9 @entity0 (1.5% from the overall number of 621 coronary angioplasties) (p < 0.001). The authors in their work analyse the group of @entity0 treated with primary coronary angioplasty with adjuvant treatment of IIb/IIIa platelet blockers. RESULTS: In the stated period the IIb/IIIa platelet blockers were given to 30 @entity0 at the age of 60.3 +/- 11.3 on average (70% were @entity0 ). The most frequent risk factors were smoking, in 18 @entity0 (60%), and @entity1 , in 14 @entity0 (40%). At least one coronary stent was implanted in 20 @entity0 (66.7%). Abciximab was administered in 27 cases (90%) and eptifibatid in 5 cases (10%). Solely in 5 cases (16.7%) the agents were administered at least 10 minutes before the intervention and therefore preventively, and in 25 cases (83.3%) the administration was rescue. The reason for preventive administration was in 3 cases determination of the angiographically high-risk @entity3 and in 2 cases the @entity5 of another non-infarction related artery. The most frequent reason for the rescue use was in 6 cases (22.2%) slow-flow or no-reflow fenomena even after the mechanical obstacles and in 5 cases (18.5%) that were successfully treated with further dilatation, the acute in-stent @entity5 was observed. The @entity6 was most often the left anterior descending coronary artery, namely in 16 cases (54%). CONCLUSION: IIb/IIIa platelet blockers in primary coronary angioplasty administered either preventively or as rescue therapy are highly effective, relatively safe and improve the effectiveness of mechanical reperfusion. The total in-hospital mortality of this group of @entity0 was 10%.

title: [Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa platelet blockers in acute XXXX treated with primary coronary angioplasty].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The clinical value of a @entity4 suppression test was assessed in three different groups: I. 14 normotensive, healthy @entity0 : II. 34 @entity0 with "neurogenic" @entity2 : III. 10 @entity0 with @entity5 confirmed at operation. After @entity4 (300 mg by mouth) blood pressure (BP) and circulating plasma @entity6 (CA) were reduced in groups I and II. The maximum fall in mean BP was 25/9 mmHg in group I and 43/24 mmHg in group II; the corresponding fall in @entity0 with @entity5 was 19/0 mmHg. The mean concentrations of circulating @entity3 (NA) were significantly reduced in groups I and II, maximum suppression occurring 2-3 h after giving @entity4 . In group I the mean reductions in NA were from 1.3 (SEM 0.2) to 0.6 (0.06) nmol/l (p less than 0.01), and in group II from 2.6 (0.3) to 0.7 (0.05 nmol/l (p less than 0.2); plasma concentrations of A were very low (less than 0.01 nmol/l) in both groups, and remained unchanged throughout the test. In contrast, in the 10 @entity0 with @entity5 the mean basal plasma CA concentrations exceeded our upper reference limit NA 7.7 (2.2 and A 4.0 (1.7 nmol/l), and remained high or even rose during the test. Four @entity0 in this group with only marginally elevated basal plasma CA showed the same pattern of response during @entity4 administration. After successful removal of the @entity7 -secreting @entity1 all @entity0 achieved a normal BP. The plasma CA was suppressed into the normal range when the @entity4 test was repeated 1-2 weeks postoperatively. No serious adverse effects were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Value of the XXXX suppression test in the diagnosis of @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The clinical value of a @entity4 suppression test was assessed in three different groups: I. 14 normotensive, healthy @entity0 : II. 34 @entity0 with "neurogenic" @entity2 : III. 10 @entity0 with @entity5 confirmed at operation. After @entity4 (300 mg by mouth) blood pressure (BP) and circulating plasma @entity6 (CA) were reduced in groups I and II. The maximum fall in mean BP was 25/9 mmHg in group I and 43/24 mmHg in group II; the corresponding fall in @entity0 with @entity5 was 19/0 mmHg. The mean concentrations of circulating @entity3 (NA) were significantly reduced in groups I and II, maximum suppression occurring 2-3 h after giving @entity4 . In group I the mean reductions in NA were from 1.3 (SEM 0.2) to 0.6 (0.06) nmol/l (p less than 0.01), and in group II from 2.6 (0.3) to 0.7 (0.05 nmol/l (p less than 0.2); plasma concentrations of A were very low (less than 0.01 nmol/l) in both groups, and remained unchanged throughout the test. In contrast, in the 10 @entity0 with @entity5 the mean basal plasma CA concentrations exceeded our upper reference limit NA 7.7 (2.2 and A 4.0 (1.7 nmol/l), and remained high or even rose during the test. Four @entity0 in this group with only marginally elevated basal plasma CA showed the same pattern of response during @entity4 administration. After successful removal of the @entity7 -secreting @entity1 all @entity0 achieved a normal BP. The plasma CA was suppressed into the normal range when the @entity4 test was repeated 1-2 weeks postoperatively. No serious adverse effects were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Value of the @entity4 suppression test in the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The epidemiology of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in Stockholm County 1955-79 was investigated. There were 1274 cases. The proportion of @entity0 with @entity7 , left-sided and total extent of disease remained constant over the study period. The incidence increased over the first 20 years followed by a plateau. The peak incidence in relation to age increased slightly but remained in the third and fourth decade through the study period. The incidence in @entity0 over 40 years of age increased markedly towards the end of the study. There were 109 deaths at follow-up (Dec. 1981) among those having the @entity2 diagnosis between 1955-1979. Twentysix out of 41 @entity0 who died due to @entity2 did so postoperatively. The mortality pattern among those 68 @entity0 who had causes of death unrelated to @entity2 was similar to the expected. There was a decrease in cumulative survival probability compared with the expected, in particular in those with @entity6 . This was also seen when only deaths unrelated to @entity2 were included suggesting an increased sensitivity to the ordinary disease spectrum in @entity2 @entity0 . Between 1945-1979 there were 1339 @entity0 who had @entity2 diagnosed. Twentyfive of those had developed @entity4 (24 with @entity6 ) at follow-up (Dec. 1981). Eighteen were dead at follow-up, the survival time being in direct relation to the Dukes' grading at @entity1 diagnosis irrespective of age. The cumulative @entity1 risk at 25 years duration ( @entity6 @entity0 only) was 13% (SD 4%) compared to the expected 1,9%. In a selected group of 71 @entity0 followed for @entity1 surveillance during the period 1974-82 nine @entity0 developed at least low grade @entity5 including one @entity3 . The @entity5 or @entity1 leading to operation was found above the rectum in four of five operated @entity0 , all having @entity6 with a duration ranging between 25-44 years.

title: XXXX in Stockholm County--a study of epidemiology, prognosis, mortality and @entity1 risk with special reference to a surveillance program.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The epidemiology of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in Stockholm County 1955-79 was investigated. There were 1274 cases. The proportion of @entity0 with @entity7 , left-sided and total extent of disease remained constant over the study period. The incidence increased over the first 20 years followed by a plateau. The peak incidence in relation to age increased slightly but remained in the third and fourth decade through the study period. The incidence in @entity0 over 40 years of age increased markedly towards the end of the study. There were 109 deaths at follow-up (Dec. 1981) among those having the @entity2 diagnosis between 1955-1979. Twentysix out of 41 @entity0 who died due to @entity2 did so postoperatively. The mortality pattern among those 68 @entity0 who had causes of death unrelated to @entity2 was similar to the expected. There was a decrease in cumulative survival probability compared with the expected, in particular in those with @entity6 . This was also seen when only deaths unrelated to @entity2 were included suggesting an increased sensitivity to the ordinary disease spectrum in @entity2 @entity0 . Between 1945-1979 there were 1339 @entity0 who had @entity2 diagnosed. Twentyfive of those had developed @entity4 (24 with @entity6 ) at follow-up (Dec. 1981). Eighteen were dead at follow-up, the survival time being in direct relation to the Dukes' grading at @entity1 diagnosis irrespective of age. The cumulative @entity1 risk at 25 years duration ( @entity6 @entity0 only) was 13% (SD 4%) compared to the expected 1,9%. In a selected group of 71 @entity0 followed for @entity1 surveillance during the period 1974-82 nine @entity0 developed at least low grade @entity5 including one @entity3 . The @entity5 or @entity1 leading to operation was found above the rectum in four of five operated @entity0 , all having @entity6 with a duration ranging between 25-44 years.

title: @entity2 in Stockholm County--a study of epidemiology, prognosis, mortality and XXXX risk with special reference to a surveillance program.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Data are presented which show that various @entity3 liver nodular lesions, such as hyperplastic nodules, hepatocellular @entity7 , and @entity5 , differ not only morphologically but also biologically regarding their behavior in the primary and secondary hosts. The hyperplastic nodules grew slowly by expansion without affecting the integrity of the lobular structure. The @entity8 also grew slowly by expansion but eliminated the histoid liver structure. Neither lesions metastasized to the regional lymph nodes and distant organs. Upon isogeneic transplantation, the @entity7 required a long latent period before manifesting an expansive type of growth without invasion and @entity1 . The @entity5 grew fast, destroyed surrounding parenchyma, and those showing moderately to poorly differentiated cellular morphology metastasized to regional lymph nodes and distant organs. @entity5 grew fast, invaded locally, metastasized distantly, and killed the recipients within a few weeks. Thus hepatocellular @entity7 and @entity6 represent two distinct entities both morphologically and biologically. Thus the agents should be classified according to the type of nodular liver lesions they "induce" in the @entity3 liver. The least innocuous agents would be those resulting in the development of hyperplastic nodules. They should not be labelled as hepatocarcinogens. On the other side of the spectrum should be the agents "inducing" the @entity5 and they should be classified as @entity3 liver carcinogens. The agents capable of affecting significantly the hepatocellular @entity7 but not the @entity5 should be considered as tumorigens, since they are causally related only with the benign liver lesions. Combining both benign and malignant @entity4 for statistical purposes is not justified unless each type of @entity2 has been affected in a statistically significant incidence. If this were not the case, classification of the agent should be in accordance with the type of lesions induced significantly. In order to use the induction of @entity5 in rodents as an indication of carcinogenic risk in @entity0 appropriately, one has to verify within the limits of feasibility that the identical carcinogenic effects and the subsequent events occur both in rodents and @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Invasiveness, XXXX , and transplantability of @entity3 liver nodules.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Data are presented which show that various @entity3 liver nodular lesions, such as hyperplastic nodules, hepatocellular @entity7 , and @entity5 , differ not only morphologically but also biologically regarding their behavior in the primary and secondary hosts. The hyperplastic nodules grew slowly by expansion without affecting the integrity of the lobular structure. The @entity8 also grew slowly by expansion but eliminated the histoid liver structure. Neither lesions metastasized to the regional lymph nodes and distant organs. Upon isogeneic transplantation, the @entity7 required a long latent period before manifesting an expansive type of growth without invasion and @entity1 . The @entity5 grew fast, destroyed surrounding parenchyma, and those showing moderately to poorly differentiated cellular morphology metastasized to regional lymph nodes and distant organs. @entity5 grew fast, invaded locally, metastasized distantly, and killed the recipients within a few weeks. Thus hepatocellular @entity7 and @entity6 represent two distinct entities both morphologically and biologically. Thus the agents should be classified according to the type of nodular liver lesions they "induce" in the @entity3 liver. The least innocuous agents would be those resulting in the development of hyperplastic nodules. They should not be labelled as hepatocarcinogens. On the other side of the spectrum should be the agents "inducing" the @entity5 and they should be classified as @entity3 liver carcinogens. The agents capable of affecting significantly the hepatocellular @entity7 but not the @entity5 should be considered as tumorigens, since they are causally related only with the benign liver lesions. Combining both benign and malignant @entity4 for statistical purposes is not justified unless each type of @entity2 has been affected in a statistically significant incidence. If this were not the case, classification of the agent should be in accordance with the type of lesions induced significantly. In order to use the induction of @entity5 in rodents as an indication of carcinogenic risk in @entity0 appropriately, one has to verify within the limits of feasibility that the identical carcinogenic effects and the subsequent events occur both in rodents and @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Invasiveness, @entity1 , and transplantability of XXXX liver nodules.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In 1979 Steinberg and colleagues recognized a unique kindred with @entity3 (1979. J. Clin. Invest. 64:292-301). We have undertaken an intensive reexamination of this kindred and have studied 41 family members in three generations. In this family we document the presence of two distinct apo B alleles associated with low plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B and low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity0 and we trace the inheritance of these two alleles over three generations. One of the alleles resulted in the production of an abnormal, truncated apo B species, apo B-37. The other apo B allele was associated with reduced plasma concentrations of the normal apo B species, @entity1 . H.J.B., the proband, and two of his siblings had both abnormal apo B alleles and were therefore compound heterozygotes for @entity2 . Their average LDL- @entity0 level was 6 +/- 9 mg/dl. All of the offspring of the three compound heterozygotes had @entity2 , and each had evidence of only one of the abnormal apo B alleles. In the entire kindred, we identified six heterozygotes for @entity2 who had only the abnormal apo B-37 allele and their average LDL @entity0 was 31 +/- 12 mg/dl. We identified 10 heterozygotes who had only the allele for reduced plasma concentrations of @entity1 and their LDL @entity0 level was 31 +/- 15 mg/dl. Unaffected family members (n = 22) had LDL @entity0 levels of 110 +/- 27 mg/dl. This report describes the first kindred in which two distinct abnormal apo B alleles have been identified, both of which are associated with @entity2 .

title: Genetic analysis of a kindred with @entity2 . Evidence for two separate gene defects: one associated with an abnormal XXXX species, @entity1 -37; and a second associated with low plasma concentrations of @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In 1979 Steinberg and colleagues recognized a unique kindred with @entity3 (1979. J. Clin. Invest. 64:292-301). We have undertaken an intensive reexamination of this kindred and have studied 41 family members in three generations. In this family we document the presence of two distinct apo B alleles associated with low plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B and low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity0 and we trace the inheritance of these two alleles over three generations. One of the alleles resulted in the production of an abnormal, truncated apo B species, apo B-37. The other apo B allele was associated with reduced plasma concentrations of the normal apo B species, @entity1 . H.J.B., the proband, and two of his siblings had both abnormal apo B alleles and were therefore compound heterozygotes for @entity2 . Their average LDL- @entity0 level was 6 +/- 9 mg/dl. All of the offspring of the three compound heterozygotes had @entity2 , and each had evidence of only one of the abnormal apo B alleles. In the entire kindred, we identified six heterozygotes for @entity2 who had only the abnormal apo B-37 allele and their average LDL @entity0 was 31 +/- 12 mg/dl. We identified 10 heterozygotes who had only the allele for reduced plasma concentrations of @entity1 and their LDL @entity0 level was 31 +/- 15 mg/dl. Unaffected family members (n = 22) had LDL @entity0 levels of 110 +/- 27 mg/dl. This report describes the first kindred in which two distinct abnormal apo B alleles have been identified, both of which are associated with @entity2 .

title: Genetic analysis of a kindred with @entity2 . Evidence for two separate gene defects: one associated with an abnormal @entity1 species, XXXX -37; and a second associated with low plasma concentrations of @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In 1979 Steinberg and colleagues recognized a unique kindred with @entity3 (1979. J. Clin. Invest. 64:292-301). We have undertaken an intensive reexamination of this kindred and have studied 41 family members in three generations. In this family we document the presence of two distinct apo B alleles associated with low plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B and low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity0 and we trace the inheritance of these two alleles over three generations. One of the alleles resulted in the production of an abnormal, truncated apo B species, apo B-37. The other apo B allele was associated with reduced plasma concentrations of the normal apo B species, @entity1 . H.J.B., the proband, and two of his siblings had both abnormal apo B alleles and were therefore compound heterozygotes for @entity2 . Their average LDL- @entity0 level was 6 +/- 9 mg/dl. All of the offspring of the three compound heterozygotes had @entity2 , and each had evidence of only one of the abnormal apo B alleles. In the entire kindred, we identified six heterozygotes for @entity2 who had only the abnormal apo B-37 allele and their average LDL @entity0 was 31 +/- 12 mg/dl. We identified 10 heterozygotes who had only the allele for reduced plasma concentrations of @entity1 and their LDL @entity0 level was 31 +/- 15 mg/dl. Unaffected family members (n = 22) had LDL @entity0 levels of 110 +/- 27 mg/dl. This report describes the first kindred in which two distinct abnormal apo B alleles have been identified, both of which are associated with @entity2 .

title: Genetic analysis of a kindred with @entity2 . Evidence for two separate gene defects: one associated with an abnormal @entity1 species, @entity1 -37; and a second associated with low plasma concentrations of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In 1979 Steinberg and colleagues recognized a unique kindred with @entity3 (1979. J. Clin. Invest. 64:292-301). We have undertaken an intensive reexamination of this kindred and have studied 41 family members in three generations. In this family we document the presence of two distinct apo B alleles associated with low plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B and low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity0 and we trace the inheritance of these two alleles over three generations. One of the alleles resulted in the production of an abnormal, truncated apo B species, apo B-37. The other apo B allele was associated with reduced plasma concentrations of the normal apo B species, @entity1 . H.J.B., the proband, and two of his siblings had both abnormal apo B alleles and were therefore compound heterozygotes for @entity2 . Their average LDL- @entity0 level was 6 +/- 9 mg/dl. All of the offspring of the three compound heterozygotes had @entity2 , and each had evidence of only one of the abnormal apo B alleles. In the entire kindred, we identified six heterozygotes for @entity2 who had only the abnormal apo B-37 allele and their average LDL @entity0 was 31 +/- 12 mg/dl. We identified 10 heterozygotes who had only the allele for reduced plasma concentrations of @entity1 and their LDL @entity0 level was 31 +/- 15 mg/dl. Unaffected family members (n = 22) had LDL @entity0 levels of 110 +/- 27 mg/dl. This report describes the first kindred in which two distinct abnormal apo B alleles have been identified, both of which are associated with @entity2 .

title: Genetic analysis of a kindred with XXXX . Evidence for two separate gene defects: one associated with an abnormal @entity1 species, @entity1 -37; and a second associated with low plasma concentrations of @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recent studies of genetic epidemiology of @entity3 are reviewed, and major conclusions drawn are as follows: @entity3 occurs in heritable or nonheritable form. The primary @entity2 in the heritable form is a point mutation or deletion at a locus on 13 q 14. For the genesis of a @entity1 in either form, the loss or inactivation of both alleles at this locus is a prerequisite, although additional events may be needed for its development. Information about environmental risk factors for the occurrence of heritable or nonheritable @entity3 is still meager. Although viral etiology for nonheritable @entity1 cannot be excluded, an extensive epidemiologic study revealed no seasonal variation in the births of 675 @entity0 with sporadic unilateral cases, a great majority of which may be regarded as due to somatic mutation. Moreover, there was no paternal age effect at all on the occurrence of 225 sporadic bilateral cases. Paternal exposure to ionizing radiation or chemical mutagens, which should have an accumulated effect with advancing age, does not seem to play a major role in the production of germinal mutation at the Rb locus. Family studies show that host resistance genes at other loci can modify the process of @entity1 development when the primary @entity2 is already present in all the target cells. Unaffected gene carriers may be regarded as inherently resistant to @entity1 formation, whereas @entity0 who present early onset of @entity1 are the most susceptible. In certain families, however, non-expression in the carriers may be due to chromosomal rearrangement in a balanced state.

title: [Genetics and epidemiology of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Typical characteristic of @entity0 cells is a decreased dependence on the growth factors for promotion of their growth. @entity4 independence and autonomous growth of @entity0 cells has been thought to be due to the ability of the cells to produce growth factors. According to an autocrine hypothesis, @entity4 can be secreted by @entity0 cells and then binds to its receptor on the same cells to create an uncontrolled growth stimulation. Although there has been much circumstantial evidence to support this hypothesis, an autocrine mechanism is still uncertain. We purified DSF (DNA synthesis factor) from an extract of @entity1 Rhodamine @entity3 . This factor with strong affinity for heparin-Sepharose was a basic protein with molecular weight of 17,000. These properties were similar to those of basic FGF (fibroblast @entity4 ). We found that primary cells from the @entity2 could grow in serum-free medium supplemented with the extract of the same @entity2 tissue. The extract was fractionated to purify proteins which supported the growth of primary cells. DSF, @entity5 and albumin which localized in the tissue, not due to contamination of blood, were purified. When they were added to the serum-free medium, the cells grew at a similar rate to that in medium supplemented with serum. This finding suggests that the growth of @entity2 cells is stimulated by their own @entity4 and by some environmental factors.

title: [Role of growth factors in the autonomous growth of XXXX cells].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The occurrence of @entity4 was investigated in 39 @entity0 undergoing tooth extraction (Group 1), surgical removal of impacted third molars (Group 2), or removal of osteosynthesis plates (Group 3). None of the 39 @entity0 had @entity4 before anesthesia or after nasal intubation for general anesthesia. In two of 23 @entity0 bacteria could be isolated after local anesthesia. Microorganisms were isolated in 14 of 19 @entity0 (74%) with tooth extraction. In nine, a mixture of facultative anaerobic ("aerobic") and strict anaerobic bacteria were identified; in five, anaerobes were isolated exclusively. Two to 130 bacteria were cultured per 10 ml venous blood. @entity3 causing alpha-hemolytic streptococci were found in seven cases (50%). At least one of the predominating anaerobes (Bacteroides, Fusobacteria, or Peptostreptococci) were found in all positive cases. @entity4 was found in 40% of the Group 2 @entity0 . There was no @entity4 in the Group 3 @entity0 . The pathogenic relevance of anaerobic @entity4 is discussed and as a consequence it is suggested that the risk of developing organ abscesses as well as the problem of @entity3 following dental @entity4 has to be taken into consideration. On the basis of sensitivity testing, erythromycin does not appear to be the drug of choice in @entity2 - @entity1 @entity0 .

title: XXXX following tooth extraction and removal of osteosynthesis plates.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The potential of radioiodinated monoclonal antibody B72.3 for lymphoscintigraphy was evaluated, using suitable animal models of a @entity0 @entity3 . LS174T xenografts were grown at various sites in @entity6 -pretreated athymic @entity4 , and the development of @entity1 in different organs was assessed histologically. After iv inoculation of the @entity4 , 66% of the animals developed " @entity1 " to the axillary lymph nodes. Of these @entity4 , 100% also developed @entity2 on their backs and 79% had lung micrometastases. Livers, kidneys, and spleens showed no evidence of @entity2 growth. In 33% of the @entity4 in which primary @entity2 had been removed from the hindfoot pad, @entity1 to the popliteal lymph nodes were observed 3 1/2 weeks after @entity2 implantation. BALB/c (nu/nu) female @entity4 bearing axillary and popliteal lymph node @entity1 were used to test the potential of radiolabeled B72.3 antibody (an @entity5 ) as a lymphoscintigraphic agent. A monoclonal antibody against horseradish peroxidase (also an @entity5 ), which did not bind @entity2 cells in vitro, served as a control. Both normal and @entity2 -bearing axillary and popliteal lymph nodes imaged up to 6 hours after the sc injection of 20-40 mu Ci of 125I-labeled B72.3 into either the forefoot or hindfoot pads. The localization index (L.I.) (specific/nonspecific antibody in @entity2 divided by specific/nonspecific antibody in blood) for @entity2 in lymph nodes was approximately 1 during the first 6 hours after antibody injection, thus indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Twenty-four hours and later after sc injection, images of nodal @entity1 (14-477 mg) and specific antibody accumulations were observed. At these times the L.I.'s ranged 1.5-3.5. Tumor-negative nodes did not image at 24 hours after injection of 125I-labeled B72.3. The L.I.'s of the normal nodes and of other tissues from these @entity4 were about 1.0 at 24 hours, indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Autoradiographic analysis of lymph nodes containing @entity2 showed heterogeneous antibody distribution of B72.3 within @entity2 sections with heavy patches of antibody accumulation in mucin globules. In lymph nodes the normal lymphocytes adjacent to the @entity2 cells showed no antibody accumulation. The lack of specific, early antibody accumulation by @entity2 -bearing nodes in @entity4 suggests that B72.3 does not accumulate in nodal @entity1 to the degree necessary to consider it a potential agent for use in lymphoscintigraphy.

title: Lymphoscintigraphy of XXXX @entity3 @entity1 in athymic @entity4 by use of radioiodinated B72.3 monoclonal antibody.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The potential of radioiodinated monoclonal antibody B72.3 for lymphoscintigraphy was evaluated, using suitable animal models of a @entity0 @entity3 . LS174T xenografts were grown at various sites in @entity6 -pretreated athymic @entity4 , and the development of @entity1 in different organs was assessed histologically. After iv inoculation of the @entity4 , 66% of the animals developed " @entity1 " to the axillary lymph nodes. Of these @entity4 , 100% also developed @entity2 on their backs and 79% had lung micrometastases. Livers, kidneys, and spleens showed no evidence of @entity2 growth. In 33% of the @entity4 in which primary @entity2 had been removed from the hindfoot pad, @entity1 to the popliteal lymph nodes were observed 3 1/2 weeks after @entity2 implantation. BALB/c (nu/nu) female @entity4 bearing axillary and popliteal lymph node @entity1 were used to test the potential of radiolabeled B72.3 antibody (an @entity5 ) as a lymphoscintigraphic agent. A monoclonal antibody against horseradish peroxidase (also an @entity5 ), which did not bind @entity2 cells in vitro, served as a control. Both normal and @entity2 -bearing axillary and popliteal lymph nodes imaged up to 6 hours after the sc injection of 20-40 mu Ci of 125I-labeled B72.3 into either the forefoot or hindfoot pads. The localization index (L.I.) (specific/nonspecific antibody in @entity2 divided by specific/nonspecific antibody in blood) for @entity2 in lymph nodes was approximately 1 during the first 6 hours after antibody injection, thus indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Twenty-four hours and later after sc injection, images of nodal @entity1 (14-477 mg) and specific antibody accumulations were observed. At these times the L.I.'s ranged 1.5-3.5. Tumor-negative nodes did not image at 24 hours after injection of 125I-labeled B72.3. The L.I.'s of the normal nodes and of other tissues from these @entity4 were about 1.0 at 24 hours, indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Autoradiographic analysis of lymph nodes containing @entity2 showed heterogeneous antibody distribution of B72.3 within @entity2 sections with heavy patches of antibody accumulation in mucin globules. In lymph nodes the normal lymphocytes adjacent to the @entity2 cells showed no antibody accumulation. The lack of specific, early antibody accumulation by @entity2 -bearing nodes in @entity4 suggests that B72.3 does not accumulate in nodal @entity1 to the degree necessary to consider it a potential agent for use in lymphoscintigraphy.

title: Lymphoscintigraphy of @entity0 @entity3 XXXX in athymic @entity4 by use of radioiodinated B72.3 monoclonal antibody.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The potential of radioiodinated monoclonal antibody B72.3 for lymphoscintigraphy was evaluated, using suitable animal models of a @entity0 @entity3 . LS174T xenografts were grown at various sites in @entity6 -pretreated athymic @entity4 , and the development of @entity1 in different organs was assessed histologically. After iv inoculation of the @entity4 , 66% of the animals developed " @entity1 " to the axillary lymph nodes. Of these @entity4 , 100% also developed @entity2 on their backs and 79% had lung micrometastases. Livers, kidneys, and spleens showed no evidence of @entity2 growth. In 33% of the @entity4 in which primary @entity2 had been removed from the hindfoot pad, @entity1 to the popliteal lymph nodes were observed 3 1/2 weeks after @entity2 implantation. BALB/c (nu/nu) female @entity4 bearing axillary and popliteal lymph node @entity1 were used to test the potential of radiolabeled B72.3 antibody (an @entity5 ) as a lymphoscintigraphic agent. A monoclonal antibody against horseradish peroxidase (also an @entity5 ), which did not bind @entity2 cells in vitro, served as a control. Both normal and @entity2 -bearing axillary and popliteal lymph nodes imaged up to 6 hours after the sc injection of 20-40 mu Ci of 125I-labeled B72.3 into either the forefoot or hindfoot pads. The localization index (L.I.) (specific/nonspecific antibody in @entity2 divided by specific/nonspecific antibody in blood) for @entity2 in lymph nodes was approximately 1 during the first 6 hours after antibody injection, thus indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Twenty-four hours and later after sc injection, images of nodal @entity1 (14-477 mg) and specific antibody accumulations were observed. At these times the L.I.'s ranged 1.5-3.5. Tumor-negative nodes did not image at 24 hours after injection of 125I-labeled B72.3. The L.I.'s of the normal nodes and of other tissues from these @entity4 were about 1.0 at 24 hours, indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Autoradiographic analysis of lymph nodes containing @entity2 showed heterogeneous antibody distribution of B72.3 within @entity2 sections with heavy patches of antibody accumulation in mucin globules. In lymph nodes the normal lymphocytes adjacent to the @entity2 cells showed no antibody accumulation. The lack of specific, early antibody accumulation by @entity2 -bearing nodes in @entity4 suggests that B72.3 does not accumulate in nodal @entity1 to the degree necessary to consider it a potential agent for use in lymphoscintigraphy.

title: Lymphoscintigraphy of @entity0 XXXX @entity1 in athymic @entity4 by use of radioiodinated B72.3 monoclonal antibody.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The potential of radioiodinated monoclonal antibody B72.3 for lymphoscintigraphy was evaluated, using suitable animal models of a @entity0 @entity3 . LS174T xenografts were grown at various sites in @entity6 -pretreated athymic @entity4 , and the development of @entity1 in different organs was assessed histologically. After iv inoculation of the @entity4 , 66% of the animals developed " @entity1 " to the axillary lymph nodes. Of these @entity4 , 100% also developed @entity2 on their backs and 79% had lung micrometastases. Livers, kidneys, and spleens showed no evidence of @entity2 growth. In 33% of the @entity4 in which primary @entity2 had been removed from the hindfoot pad, @entity1 to the popliteal lymph nodes were observed 3 1/2 weeks after @entity2 implantation. BALB/c (nu/nu) female @entity4 bearing axillary and popliteal lymph node @entity1 were used to test the potential of radiolabeled B72.3 antibody (an @entity5 ) as a lymphoscintigraphic agent. A monoclonal antibody against horseradish peroxidase (also an @entity5 ), which did not bind @entity2 cells in vitro, served as a control. Both normal and @entity2 -bearing axillary and popliteal lymph nodes imaged up to 6 hours after the sc injection of 20-40 mu Ci of 125I-labeled B72.3 into either the forefoot or hindfoot pads. The localization index (L.I.) (specific/nonspecific antibody in @entity2 divided by specific/nonspecific antibody in blood) for @entity2 in lymph nodes was approximately 1 during the first 6 hours after antibody injection, thus indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Twenty-four hours and later after sc injection, images of nodal @entity1 (14-477 mg) and specific antibody accumulations were observed. At these times the L.I.'s ranged 1.5-3.5. Tumor-negative nodes did not image at 24 hours after injection of 125I-labeled B72.3. The L.I.'s of the normal nodes and of other tissues from these @entity4 were about 1.0 at 24 hours, indicating no specific antibody accumulation. Autoradiographic analysis of lymph nodes containing @entity2 showed heterogeneous antibody distribution of B72.3 within @entity2 sections with heavy patches of antibody accumulation in mucin globules. In lymph nodes the normal lymphocytes adjacent to the @entity2 cells showed no antibody accumulation. The lack of specific, early antibody accumulation by @entity2 -bearing nodes in @entity4 suggests that B72.3 does not accumulate in nodal @entity1 to the degree necessary to consider it a potential agent for use in lymphoscintigraphy.

title: Lymphoscintigraphy of @entity0 @entity3 @entity1 in athymic XXXX by use of radioiodinated B72.3 monoclonal antibody.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Eight @entity0 who had large @entity2 in the hip, thigh, or shoulder girdle have been described. Three had @entity3 , and one each had @entity9 , biphasic @entity6 , @entity8 , undifferentiated spindling @entity2 , and @entity7 . All eight @entity1 showed evidence of regression after intraarterial infusion of @entity5 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) given over 48 hours at 3-week intervals, for a total of between three and seven courses. Tru-cut needle biopsy specimens of five of the lesions were normal after chemotherapy. However, after resection of the regressed @entity1 in seven of the @entity0 , four contained foci of probably viable malignant cells. These cell foci were intraosseous in three cases and in the wall of a cyst in one case. In the remaining case, @entity1 in the distribution of the infused artery regressed, but @entity1 in a region supplied by an artery that was not infused continued to enlarge. In one @entity0 with @entity3 in the pelvis, despite a good response to intraarterial chemotherapy that was followed by surgical resection and radiotherapy, @entity1 recurred in an adjacent area in tissues supplied by an artery not infused. A hindquarter amputation subsequently was required. With the exception of the two cases in which adequate @entity1 arterial infusion was not achieved, local @entity1 control was accomplished by intraarterial infusion chemotherapy followed by local resection or radiotherapy and local resection in all @entity0 . Four @entity0 are well without evidence of residual or metastatic @entity2 3.5 years after presentation in the case of an @entity3 of shoulder, 2.5 years after presentation in the case of a large @entity8 of thigh and groin, 20 months after presentation in the case of lower-thigh @entity7 , and 1 year after presentation in a @entity0 with an @entity3 of lower femur.

title: Regional chemotherapy with the use of XXXX and @entity4 as primary treatment for advanced @entity2 in shoulder, pelvis, and thigh.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Eight @entity0 who had large @entity2 in the hip, thigh, or shoulder girdle have been described. Three had @entity3 , and one each had @entity9 , biphasic @entity6 , @entity8 , undifferentiated spindling @entity2 , and @entity7 . All eight @entity1 showed evidence of regression after intraarterial infusion of @entity5 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) given over 48 hours at 3-week intervals, for a total of between three and seven courses. Tru-cut needle biopsy specimens of five of the lesions were normal after chemotherapy. However, after resection of the regressed @entity1 in seven of the @entity0 , four contained foci of probably viable malignant cells. These cell foci were intraosseous in three cases and in the wall of a cyst in one case. In the remaining case, @entity1 in the distribution of the infused artery regressed, but @entity1 in a region supplied by an artery that was not infused continued to enlarge. In one @entity0 with @entity3 in the pelvis, despite a good response to intraarterial chemotherapy that was followed by surgical resection and radiotherapy, @entity1 recurred in an adjacent area in tissues supplied by an artery not infused. A hindquarter amputation subsequently was required. With the exception of the two cases in which adequate @entity1 arterial infusion was not achieved, local @entity1 control was accomplished by intraarterial infusion chemotherapy followed by local resection or radiotherapy and local resection in all @entity0 . Four @entity0 are well without evidence of residual or metastatic @entity2 3.5 years after presentation in the case of an @entity3 of shoulder, 2.5 years after presentation in the case of a large @entity8 of thigh and groin, 20 months after presentation in the case of lower-thigh @entity7 , and 1 year after presentation in a @entity0 with an @entity3 of lower femur.

title: Regional chemotherapy with the use of @entity5 and XXXX as primary treatment for advanced @entity2 in shoulder, pelvis, and thigh.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Eight @entity0 who had large @entity2 in the hip, thigh, or shoulder girdle have been described. Three had @entity3 , and one each had @entity9 , biphasic @entity6 , @entity8 , undifferentiated spindling @entity2 , and @entity7 . All eight @entity1 showed evidence of regression after intraarterial infusion of @entity5 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) given over 48 hours at 3-week intervals, for a total of between three and seven courses. Tru-cut needle biopsy specimens of five of the lesions were normal after chemotherapy. However, after resection of the regressed @entity1 in seven of the @entity0 , four contained foci of probably viable malignant cells. These cell foci were intraosseous in three cases and in the wall of a cyst in one case. In the remaining case, @entity1 in the distribution of the infused artery regressed, but @entity1 in a region supplied by an artery that was not infused continued to enlarge. In one @entity0 with @entity3 in the pelvis, despite a good response to intraarterial chemotherapy that was followed by surgical resection and radiotherapy, @entity1 recurred in an adjacent area in tissues supplied by an artery not infused. A hindquarter amputation subsequently was required. With the exception of the two cases in which adequate @entity1 arterial infusion was not achieved, local @entity1 control was accomplished by intraarterial infusion chemotherapy followed by local resection or radiotherapy and local resection in all @entity0 . Four @entity0 are well without evidence of residual or metastatic @entity2 3.5 years after presentation in the case of an @entity3 of shoulder, 2.5 years after presentation in the case of a large @entity8 of thigh and groin, 20 months after presentation in the case of lower-thigh @entity7 , and 1 year after presentation in a @entity0 with an @entity3 of lower femur.

title: Regional chemotherapy with the use of @entity5 and @entity4 as primary treatment for advanced XXXX in shoulder, pelvis, and thigh.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In 61 @entity0 the effectiveness of @entity6 in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic @entity7 was examined. The diagnosis of post-traumatic @entity7 was based on clinical and radiological signs of @entity2 , as well as a positive bone culture from a surgical specimen. The average duration of treatment was 10 days with a dosage 3 X 500 mg @entity6 daily. The most commonly identified pathogen was @entity4 . In 75% of the cases an @entity2 with Gram-positive pathogens was found. The majority of Gram-negative infections was caused by @entity5 . The rate of elimination was greater than 90% for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A definite cure was achieved in 80% of the reported cases, only four @entity0 (7%) showed a recurrence of the @entity2 . @entity1 or other adverse effects were not observed except for @entity3 in four @entity0 . The high rate of therapeutic effectiveness as well as the excellent toleration justify the use of @entity6 in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic @entity7 .

title: Effectiveness of XXXX in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: In 61 @entity0 the effectiveness of @entity6 in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic @entity7 was examined. The diagnosis of post-traumatic @entity7 was based on clinical and radiological signs of @entity2 , as well as a positive bone culture from a surgical specimen. The average duration of treatment was 10 days with a dosage 3 X 500 mg @entity6 daily. The most commonly identified pathogen was @entity4 . In 75% of the cases an @entity2 with Gram-positive pathogens was found. The majority of Gram-negative infections was caused by @entity5 . The rate of elimination was greater than 90% for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A definite cure was achieved in 80% of the reported cases, only four @entity0 (7%) showed a recurrence of the @entity2 . @entity1 or other adverse effects were not observed except for @entity3 in four @entity0 . The high rate of therapeutic effectiveness as well as the excellent toleration justify the use of @entity6 in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic @entity7 .

title: Effectiveness of @entity6 in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Maximum @entity0 uptake also appears to correlate to athletic performance in @entity1 . In the Thoroughbred industry, there has long been an empirical theory that heart size is related to athletic performance, despite a lack of scientific evidence supporting this assertion. To investigate the relationship between peak @entity0 consumption (VO2max) and cardiac size measured by echocardiography, guided M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography were performed in 17 conditioned Thoroughbreds with a range of VO2max from 126 to 217 ml/min/kg STPD (mean +/- s.d. 158 +/- 28 m/min/kg). @entity1 were age 2-10 years and weighed 430-510 kg. Echocardiography was performed using a Vingmed System V echocardiograph with a 2.25 MHz phased array ultrasound transducer. All images were obtained from the right hemithorax using a short axis view of the left ventricle (LV) at the level of the chordae tendinae. All @entity1 were free from significant regurgitation at the aortic or mitral valves. Maximal @entity0 uptake was measured during a standardised incremental treadmill exercise test to fatigue. Maximal @entity0 uptake was correlated significantly with LVIDd (r = 0.71; P = 0.001), MWT (r = 0.72; P = 0.001), LV mass (r = 0.78; P = 0.0002) and LV short-axis area (r = 0.69; P = 0.003). When indices of heart size were indexed to bodyweight, the correlation between VO2max and indices of heart size were LVIDd (r = 0.57; P = 0.01), MWT (r = 0.44; P = 0.07), LV mass (r = 0.78; P = 0.0002) and LV short-axis area (r = 0.69; P = 0.003). The current study suggests there is a strong relationship between VO2max and measurements of left ventricular size in Thoroughbred @entity1 when individuals with a range of VO2max are compared.

title: Heart size estimated by echocardiography correlates with maximal XXXX uptake.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: This qualitative study explored quality of life (QOL) in family caregivers of @entity1 @entity0 to better define their needs for support. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY: One thousand one hundred pieces of correspondence written by family caregivers of @entity1 @entity0 were contributed to the City of Hope investigators by the founder and editor of Conversations!: The International Newsletter for Those Fighting @entity1 . The investigators analyzed meaningful comments in the letters using content analysis methods. RESULTS: Comments by family caregivers reflected little concern for their own physical well-being and, instead, focused on the psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of their experiences. Correspondence on the psychological effects of caregiving demonstrated poor QOL stemming from feelings of lack of control and helplessness. Social data showed that family caregivers lacked support, were given to feelings of isolation, and experienced considerable @entity2 regarding the genetic nature of the disease. Spiritual well-being was particularly important to caregivers, as they drew strength from their faith and were able to find positive meaning in their experiences. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The study findings revealed that caregivers require additional support from the healthcare community, especially to address disease-specific needs in @entity0 with @entity1 . The correspondence demonstrates a need in family caregivers to connect with others fighting the same disease. This study also identifies the need for support for at-risk @entity0 , as well as a continuing need for palliative-care services.

title: Family perspectives of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We describe a case of minute @entity6 featuring @entity5 of the main pancreatic duct ( @entity8 ) and associated with histological findings of periductal @entity7 and fibroblast proliferation. A 53-year-old Japanese @entity0 with preoperative radiological evidence of @entity8 stricture and dilation of the distal @entity8 , and suspected of having @entity4 , underwent successful resection. Neither radiological nor macroscopic examination directly disclosed any @entity1 , and a small focus of @entity2 (8 x 8 mm) was only revealed on microscopic examination. The @entity1 was a poorly differentiated, @entity3 that had invaded the intrapancreatic nerves and veins. Interestingly, the @entity8 located at the edges of the @entity1 had not been destroyed by the @entity2 , but its wall had been thickened by elastic tissue and fibroblast proliferation, resulting in @entity5 . The peripheral pancreas exhibited @entity4 . To date, the detection of small @entity4 masses using imaging procedures remains difficult, and most @entity0 are diagnosed on the basis of pancreatic ductal changes. However, the published work on small @entity4 contains little information about the histological features of the affected @entity8 . The present findings suggest that @entity8 strictures are not always provoked by destruction or filling with @entity1 cells, and that they can be caused by periductal @entity7 and fibroblast proliferation in a minute @entity2 . Such changes in the @entity8 may therefore be of clinical importance in the detection of early stage @entity1 .

title: Minute @entity4 presenting with XXXX of the main pancreatic duct.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We describe a case of minute @entity6 featuring @entity5 of the main pancreatic duct ( @entity8 ) and associated with histological findings of periductal @entity7 and fibroblast proliferation. A 53-year-old Japanese @entity0 with preoperative radiological evidence of @entity8 stricture and dilation of the distal @entity8 , and suspected of having @entity4 , underwent successful resection. Neither radiological nor macroscopic examination directly disclosed any @entity1 , and a small focus of @entity2 (8 x 8 mm) was only revealed on microscopic examination. The @entity1 was a poorly differentiated, @entity3 that had invaded the intrapancreatic nerves and veins. Interestingly, the @entity8 located at the edges of the @entity1 had not been destroyed by the @entity2 , but its wall had been thickened by elastic tissue and fibroblast proliferation, resulting in @entity5 . The peripheral pancreas exhibited @entity4 . To date, the detection of small @entity4 masses using imaging procedures remains difficult, and most @entity0 are diagnosed on the basis of pancreatic ductal changes. However, the published work on small @entity4 contains little information about the histological features of the affected @entity8 . The present findings suggest that @entity8 strictures are not always provoked by destruction or filling with @entity1 cells, and that they can be caused by periductal @entity7 and fibroblast proliferation in a minute @entity2 . Such changes in the @entity8 may therefore be of clinical importance in the detection of early stage @entity1 .

title: Minute XXXX presenting with @entity5 of the main pancreatic duct.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A colloidal @entity5 -coated emitter is introduced for sheathless capillary electrophoresis/nanoelectrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE/ESI-TOFMS). The conductive coating can be produced by brushing the capillary tip to construct a fine layer of @entity3 -based colloidal @entity5 . The fabrication involves a single step and requires less than 2 min. Full cure properties develop in approximately 2 h at room temperature and then the tip is ready for use. The coated capillary tip is applied as a sheathless electrospray emitter. The emitter has proven to bear stable electrospray and excellent performance for 50 microm i.d. x 360 microm o.d. and 20 microm i.d. x 360 microm o.d. capillaries within the flow rate of 80-500 nL/min; continuous electrospray can last for over 200 h in positive mode. Baseline separation and structure elucidation of two clinically interesting basic drugs, @entity1 and @entity4 , are achieved by coupling pressure-assisted CE to ESI-TOFMS using the described sheathless electrospray emitter with a bare fused- @entity2 capillary at pH 6.7. It is found that the signal intensity of m/z in sheathless CE/ESI-TOFMS at pH 6.7 is approximately 50 times higher than that at pH 9.0 for the two analytes, although the @entity0 ( @entity0 ) at pH 9.0 provides sufficient flow rate (approximately 150 nL/min) to maintain electrospray.

title: A colloidal XXXX -coated emitter for sheathless capillary electrophoresis/nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity5


abstract: It has been suggested that the mechanical condition determines the rate-limiting step of the @entity2 of the @entity1 heads in fibers: when fibers are isometrically contracting, the @entity0 release kinetics are rate-limiting, but as the strain is reduced and the fibers are allowed to shorten, the @entity0 release kinetics accelerate and P(i) release becomes rate-limiting. We have put this idea to the test with myofibrils as a model because with these both mechanical and chemical kinetic measurements are possible. With relaxed or rapidly shortening myofibrils, P(i) release is rate-limiting and (A)M. @entity0 .P(i) states accumulate in the steady state [Lionne, C., et al. (1995) FEBS Lett. 364, 59]. We have now studied the kinetics of P(i) release with chemically cross-linked myofibrils that, when adequately cross-linked, appear to be a good model for isometric contraction. By using a method that is specific for free P(i) and rapid quench flow that measures the amount of (A)M. @entity0 .P(i) states and free P(i), we show that (A)M. @entity0 .P(i) states predominate which suggests that the overall @entity2 is limited by P(i) release kinetics. Therefore, under our experimental conditions with myofibrils prevented from shortening, the concentration of (A)M. @entity0 states is low, as with rapidly shortening and relaxed myofibrils. This result is difficult to reconcile with the sensitivity of force development in fibers and myofibrils to P(i) which implies interaction of P(i) with an (A)M. @entity0 state. We discuss two models for accommodating the mechanical and chemical kinetics with reference to the duty cycle in skeletal muscle.

title: Evidence that phosphate release is the rate-limiting step on the overall XXXX of psoas myofibrils prevented from shortening by chemical cross-linking.

answer: @entity2