abstract: @entity3 cells are sensitive to attack by elements of the immune system as evidenced by the effects of T cell depletion, graft versus @entity3 and donor lymphocyte infusion on leukaemic recurrence. An implication is that the immune system can be manipulated to enhance anti-leukaemic effects by exogenous stimulation including the use of immunostimulatory cytokines. These could potentially be used in a controlled manner that avoids the clinical problems associated with @entity4 . The cytokine used most extensively to date is @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a molecule that induces T lymphocyte proliferation and the generation of MHC unrestricted @entity1 . Despite over 10 years of clinical experience, the data on efficacy in @entity5 remains unclear due to lack of adequate randomised trials. @entity2 appears to be effective in @entity0 with low level marrow infiltration by @entity5 ( @entity5 ) blast cells. It is less effective when @entity0 present or relapse with packed bone marrows. The logical assumption that @entity2 treatment given during states of minimal residual disease will reduce the incidence or speed of disease recurrence remains to be adequately tested. @entity2 administration is associated with characteristic clinical adverse effects and with specific immuno-haematological changes. The use of other cytokines for immune manipulation in @entity0 with @entity5 is so far essentially limited to the research laboratory. Potential uses include cytokine induced blast differentiation to dendritic cells and the use of irradiated cytokine gene transduced leukaemic cells as vaccines.

title: Cytokine manipulation of the immune response in the treatment of @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 cells are sensitive to attack by elements of the immune system as evidenced by the effects of T cell depletion, graft versus @entity3 and donor lymphocyte infusion on leukaemic recurrence. An implication is that the immune system can be manipulated to enhance anti-leukaemic effects by exogenous stimulation including the use of immunostimulatory cytokines. These could potentially be used in a controlled manner that avoids the clinical problems associated with @entity4 . The cytokine used most extensively to date is @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a molecule that induces T lymphocyte proliferation and the generation of MHC unrestricted @entity1 . Despite over 10 years of clinical experience, the data on efficacy in @entity5 remains unclear due to lack of adequate randomised trials. @entity2 appears to be effective in @entity0 with low level marrow infiltration by @entity5 ( @entity5 ) blast cells. It is less effective when @entity0 present or relapse with packed bone marrows. The logical assumption that @entity2 treatment given during states of minimal residual disease will reduce the incidence or speed of disease recurrence remains to be adequately tested. @entity2 administration is associated with characteristic clinical adverse effects and with specific immuno-haematological changes. The use of other cytokines for immune manipulation in @entity0 with @entity5 is so far essentially limited to the research laboratory. Potential uses include cytokine induced blast differentiation to dendritic cells and the use of irradiated cytokine gene transduced leukaemic cells as vaccines.

title: Cytokine manipulation of the immune response in the treatment of XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the short- and long-term outcomes of the surgical treatment for @entity2 at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M  dicas y Nutrici  n Salvador Zubir  n (INCMNSZ) in Mexico City. BACKGROUND: @entity2 is the second most frequent @entity1 of the digestive tract in Mexico. Its incidence is rising, and its identification in early stages is important to offer a curative surgical treatment. METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive observational trial. We studied 165 @entity0 who underwent colorectal surgery for treatment of @entity1 between 1985 and 1994 at the INCMNSZ. We compared the variables of @entity0 and the surgical procedures and their relationship with morbidity and mortality with 5-year survival. RESULTS: Survival was greater in curative-attempting procedures of the colon than of the rectum (p < 0.05). Survival rate was also greater in earlier stages of the disease at the moment of diagnosis. Surgical morbidity occurred in 30% due to wound @entity3 in most cases. Mortality rate was 3.6%, while the main cause was @entity4 . @entity0 > 65 years of age had a higher mortality rate. Rectal surgery had higher morbidity than colonic surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Detecting @entity0 at earlier stages of the disease is required to offer them a curative-attempting surgery procedure. Stage at moment of diagnosis correlates with survival rates. Age was a risk factor for surgical mortality, and rectal surgery, a risk factor for morbidity.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX . 10-year experience at the INCMNSZ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence that perioperative blood transfusion may lead to immunosuppression. Our aim was to determine whether blood transfusion influenced survival after esophagectomy for @entity2 . METHODS: The study group comprised 234 consecutive @entity0 (175 @entity0 and 59 @entity0 ) with a mean age of 66 years who underwent esophagectomy for @entity2 by one surgeon between 1988 and 1998. The impact of 41 variables on survival was determined by means of univariate and multivariate analysis. Follow-up was complete (mean follow-up, 19.2 months; standard deviation, 16 months; range, 0 to 129 months). RESULTS: The operative mortality rate was 5.6% (13 deaths). Median operative @entity3 was 700 mL (range, 150 to 7,000 mL). One hundred sixty-one @entity0 (68.8%) received a blood transfusion postoperatively (mean transfusion, 2.6 units; range, 0 to 12 units). Overall actuarial 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates inclusive of operative mortality were 58.1%, 28.5%, and 16.1%, respectively. On univariate analysis, positive lymph nodes, pathological @entity5 stage, transfusion of more than 3 units of blood, incomplete resection, poor @entity1 cell differentiation, @entity1 , greater weight loss, male sex, and @entity4 were significant (p < 0.05) negative factors for survival. On Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, after excluding operative mortality, lymph node involvement (p = 0.001), incomplete resection (p = 0.0001), poor @entity1 cell differentiation (p = 0.04), and transfusion of more than 3 units of blood (p = 0.04) were independent adverse predictors of late survival. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to reaffirming the importance of completeness of resection and nodal involvement, this study demonstrates that blood transfusion (more than 3 units) may have a significant adverse effect on late survival after esophageal resection for @entity2 . Every effort should be made to limit the amount of transfused blood to the absolutely essential requirements.

title: The influence of perioperative blood transfusion on survival after esophageal resection for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 in old @entity0 is associated with a decrease in muscle mass and strength. However, the influence of muscle size and strength on age-related changes in bone geometry has not been comprehensively described. Methods. @entity0 in their third (group I, 23 +/- 3 y, n = 20), eighth (group II, 77 +/- 1 y, n = 10), and ninth (group III, 86 +/- 4 y, n = 13) decades of age were studied. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the elbow flexors, elbow extensors, and forearm muscles, the total area (TA), cortical area (CA), and medullary area (MA) of the midhumerus, and distal third of the radius and ulna (n = 7 group II; n = 6 group III) were measured with magnetic resonance imaging. The maximal isometric strength (MVC) of the @entity2 was also determined. RESULTS: The CSA and MVC of the arm muscles ( @entity2 ) were less in group II (-17% and -22%) and III (-32% and -39%), respectively, compared to group I. However, forearm CSA was less (-21%) in group III only. The TA and MA of all bones were greater in the older groups. The CA of the humerus (-14%) and ulna (-10%), but not the radius, was less in group III compared to group I, whereas CA was unchanged in group II. Stepwise multiple linear regression determined that arm muscle CSA (r = 0.52, p <.01) and forearm muscle CSA (r = 0.41, p <.05) provided the best prediction of CA in the humerus and forearm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle size and strength are important determinants of CA in the humerus and forearm. The lower CA in the ninth decade may be explained, in part, by reduced bone strains due to a smaller muscle mass.

title: Muscle size, strength, and bone geometry in the upper limbs of young and old XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Defects of mitochondrial @entity3 beta-oxidation are an important group of inherited @entity2 in @entity0 . Despite improved screening opportunities, diagnosis of these disorders is not often straightforward and requires enzyme analyses. Because therapy is effective in many of these disorders, rapid diagnosis is essential. We report a technique that allows analysis of @entity3 oxidation not only in cultured cells (fibroblasts, myoblasts, and myotubes) but also in fresh muscle homogenate. @entity3 oxidation analysis was performed by incubating fresh muscle homogenate or harvested cultured cells with stable isotopically labeled @entity4 . The intermediates generated were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Results of @entity0 with seven different beta-oxidation disorders were compared with controls. @entity5 intermediates in @entity0 samples could be easily differentiated from the control samples. The @entity5 profile of each beta-oxidation defect was compatible with localization of the enzyme defect. Both in @entity0 and control samples, the same pattern of intermediates could be detected in fibroblasts, muscle cells, and fresh muscle homogenate. The procedure described allowed correct diagnosis of all the beta-oxidation defects studied. Utilization of fresh muscle samples reduces the delay in diagnosis related to tissue culture and is useful in diagnostic of @entity0 with neuromuscular phenotype. Measurement of @entity3 oxidation intermediates from myoblasts or myotubes is an additional tool in investigating pathogenetic mechanisms of @entity1 in beta-oxidation defects.

title: Analysis of mitochondrial XXXX oxidation intermediates by tandem mass spectrometry from intact mitochondria prepared from homogenates of cultured fibroblasts, skeletal muscle cells, and fresh muscle.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMR), a local therapeutic modality, is recommended to treat @entity0 @entity1 with multiple involved axillary lymph nodes (a marker of increased systemic risk). Bothered by this conceptually flawed treatment approach we evaluated the impact of PMR on the treatment of @entity1 with four or more involved axillary lymph nodes. We identified 1164 @entity1 treated from 1982 through 1999 with mastectomy. We reviewed the records of the 223 who demonstrated four or more positive axillary lymph nodes. Of these 128 were treated by mastectomy only and 95 by PMR. The mastectomy-only group demonstrated a mean @entity2 size of 3.5 cm, a median of seven axillary nodes involved, and a median of 24.9 nodes harvested. The PMR group had a mean @entity2 size of 4.3 cm with nine positive nodes out of a median total of 23.3 harvested. The difference in mean @entity2 size was statistically significant (P = 0.01). The locoregional recurrence (10.9% vs 12.6%), distant recurrence rates (42.2% vs 35.8%), and 5-year survival (51% vs 55%) were not statistically different between the mastectomy-only group versus the PMR group, respectively. Adding PMR to @entity0 treatment demonstrated no improvement in outcome. Despite limitations of this retrospective study the results strongly support evaluation of PMR by a high-quality randomized prospective trial.

title: Postmastectomy radiation in XXXX with four or more positive nodes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Effects of @entity0 substitutions at four fully buried sites of the ubiquitin molecule on the thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy, Gibbs energy) of unfolding were evaluated experimentally using differential scanning calorimetry. The same set of substitutions has been incorporated at each of four sites. These substitutions have been designed to perturb packing (van der Waals) interactions, hydration, and/or @entity2 bonding. From the analysis of the thermodynamic parameters for these ubiquitin variants we conclude that: (i) packing of non-polar groups in the protein interior is favorable and is largely defined by a favorable enthalpy of van der Waals interactions. The removal of one @entity1 group from the protein interior will destabilize a protein by approximately 5 kJ/mol, and will decrease the enthalpy of a protein by 12 kJ/mol. (ii) Burial of polar groups in the non-polar interior of a protein is highly destabilizing, and the degree of destabilization depends on the relative polarity of this group. For example, burial of Thr side-chain in the non-polar interior will be less destabilizing than burial of Asn side-chain. This decrease in stability is defined by a large enthalpy of dehydration of polar groups upon burial. (iii) The destabilizing effect of dehydration of polar groups upon burial can be compensated if these buried polar groups form @entity2 bonding. The enthalpy of this @entity2 bonding will compensate for the unfavorable dehydration energy and as a result the effect will be energetically neutral or even slightly stabilizing.

title: Thermodynamic consequences of burial of polar and non-polar XXXX residues in the protein interior.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We performed for the first time the allelotype of relapsed childhood @entity1 ( @entity1 ). A total of 38 cases were screened for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) using 71 markers. In all, 26 (68%) @entity0 showed LOH on at least one chromosomal arm, indicating that LOH is a frequent event at relapse. The most frequent loss was found on chromosomal arm 9p at the @entity2 / @entity2 locus (39%). LOH at the @entity4 gene locus on chromosomal arm 12p also occurred often (25%). Frequent loss was observed on chromosome arms 4q (20%), 6q (21%), and 17q (20%). Sequential analysis (i.e. samples obtained from both initial diagnosis and relapse) shows that some @entity0 (63%) have the identical LOH status at both phases, suggesting the presence of the same clone. Other samples (37%) showed distinct LOH alterations, indicating @entity3 at relapse. Despite the heterogeneous and complex changes, some shared LOH loci occurred in these matched samples, suggesting that many of the same tumor-suppressor genes are aberrant at both phases. In summary, novel tumor-suppressor genes on chromosome arms 4q, 6q, and 17q, as well as the @entity2 and @entity4 genes, have an important role in the relapse of @entity1 .

title: Allelotype analysis in relapsed childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Commercial expeditions provide an opportunity for travelers to undertake various specialized travel to more adventurous destinations in the relative security of an expeditionary group. Little is known about the illnesses and @entity2 occurring on such expeditions. METHODS: From the commencement of the Blake Expedition in 2001, the expedition physician recorded all illnesses and @entity2 reported among the crew and also among the indigenous @entity0 encountered, while undertaking the expedition. The duration of the expedition was two and a half months, and involved travel by yacht, riverboat and jungle canoe or "bongo". The crew numbered 26 personnel: 24 @entity0 , including the expedition physician, and two @entity0 . RESULTS: Seventy-eight health problems were reported and recorded among 19 (73.1%) members of the expeditionary team. There was one @entity3 , but there were no other major incidents requiring emergency evacuation or hospitalization. Types of illness were largely those related to ear, nose and @entity1 (15/78, 19%), @entity2 (12/87, 15%), bites and stings (12/87, 15%), and respiratory (10/78, 13%), dermatologic (9/78, 12%) and gastroenterologic conditions (7/78, 9%). A further 24 health problems were reported and recorded among 22 indigenous @entity0 who approached the expedition physician for treatment. Types of illness were largely related to dermatologic conditions (9/24, 38%), accidents and @entity2 (4/24, 17%), and @entity4 (4/24, 17%). CONCLUSIONS: This expedition was both noteworthy and newsworthy because of the @entity3 of the team leader, Sir Peter Blake, although the health problems encountered were largely similar to those reported for other expeditions. @entity1 was uncommon. Adequate pre-trip preparation of expedition teams is considered important, and the inclusion of an expedition physician decreased the reliance on local health services, which are often scarce or absent on more remote-location expeditions. Adequate psychological preparation of expedition teams should also be included, to prepare expedition teams for unexpected outcomes, such as @entity3 or severe injury.

title: Life and XXXX on the Amazon: illness and injury to travelers on a South American expedition.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Characterizing denitrification rates in aquatic ecosystems is essential to understanding how systems may respond to increased nutrient loading. Thus, it is important to ensure the precision and accuracy of the methods employed for measuring denitrification rates. The @entity4 ( @entity1 ) inhibition method is a simple technique for estimating denitrification. However, potential problems, such as inhibition of nitrification and incomplete inhibition of @entity3 reduction, may influence rate estimates. Recently, membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) has been used to measure denitrification in aquatic systems. Comparable results were obtained with MIMS and @entity1 inhibition methods when @entity2 was added to @entity1 inhibition assay mixtures to inhibit new synthesis of denitrifying enzymes. Dissolved- @entity0 profiles indicated that surface layers of sediment cores subjected to the MIMS flowthrough incubation remained oxic whereas cores incubated using the @entity1 inhibition methods did not. Analysis of the microbial assemblages before and after incubations indicated significant changes in the sediment surface populations during the long flowthrough incubation for MIMS analysis but not during the shorter incubation used for the @entity1 inhibition method. However, bacterial community changes were also small in MIMS cores at the @entity0 transition zone where denitrification occurs. The @entity1 inhibition method with @entity2 addition, conducted over short incubation intervals, provides a cost-effective method for estimating denitrification, and rate estimates are comparable to those obtained by the MIMS method.

title: Comparing denitrification estimates for a Texas estuary by using XXXX inhibition and membrane inlet mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Hepatic @entity3 are rare lesions but of significant clinical importance because @entity2 is associated with elevated mortality. Although diagnosis using CT scanning and, more importantly, angiography has been well defined, the therapeutic choices are less clear. We retrospectively selected @entity0 from 1985 to 2000 who were treated with either traditional surgical or percutaneous techniques. In total we treated six @entity0 , four males and two females. This represents 17.6% of 34 @entity0 treated by us for splanchnic @entity3 . The treatment was surgical in two cases (33.3%) and percutaneous in four cases (66.6%). All lesions were successfully treated with exclusion/ablation of the @entity4 . Mortality was nil; in one of the surgical cases we reported a transient @entity7 and in the endovascular group, one right @entity5 , one small @entity6 , and one @entity8 . The first therapeutic strategy to be taken into consideration is always the percutaneous approach. However, surgery still has a role in those cases where the lesion cannot be repaired percutaneously. Based on our own experience (good results, no mortality, and few complications) and in accordance with the literature, it is clear that an @entity1 approach is warranted in those @entity0 .

title: Treatment of six hepatic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the palliative effect of reirradiation and @entity5 in @entity0 with unresectable, recurrent @entity2 . METHODS: The medical records of 54 @entity0 with unresectable, recurrent @entity2 that caused @entity4 and who were treated with reirradiation and @entity5 , were evaluated retrospectively. Previous radiotherapy was given up to a total dose ranging from 25-70 grays (Gy). The median interval between prior radiotherapy and reirradiation was 22 months (range, 4-97 months). The total reirradiation dose varied from 24 Gy to 32 Gy given in fractions of 4 Gy twice weekly. Three or four @entity5 treatments were given once weekly. @entity3 was registered. The influence of World Health Organization (WHO) performance status, maximum @entity1 dimension, and time between first radiotherapy and reirradiation on therapeutic outcome was evaluated. The results of this study were compared with published results on @entity0 who received radiotherapy with or without @entity5 . RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity0 (87%) completed the planned treatment schedule. The maximum @entity3 was Grade 2. All @entity0 were evaluated for palliative effect. The median follow-up was 10 months. A good or complete palliative effect was achieved in 72% of @entity0 for a median duration of 6 months. @entity0 who had a better WHO performance status, smaller @entity1 , and a longer interval between first radiotherapy and reirradiation had slightly better outcomes, although none of those parameters reached statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The described combined treatment was feasible and well tolerated. Comparison of results from radiotherapy plus @entity5 with results after radiotherapy alone suggested that additional @entity5 prolonged the duration of palliation. Firm proof of the contribution of @entity5 will require performing a Phase III study.

title: Reirradiation and XXXX in rectal carcinoma: a retrospective study on palliative effect.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In recent years a progressive worsening of fertility indices in dairy @entity0 herds has been observed. Several factors (genetic, dietary and management) seem to be more related to poor fertility than milk yield level. The degree and the length of the energy deficit during the transition period are inversely related to reproductive indices (e.g. conception rate is <30% for BCS decreases over one unit). A serious energy deficit reduces (or suppresses) pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophins ( @entity4 and/or smaller follicles): @entity5 and insulin plasma levels (slower follicle growth and higher embryonic mortality); and @entity1 production from the corpus luteum (higher rate of @entity6 ). The diet influences fertility in several ways. Excess of rumen degradable proteins, apart from negative energy balance, negatively affects reproductive activity. Conversely, some nutrients (i.e. some @entity2 or some @entity3 ) seem to show positive effects on fertility. Finally, the relationship between health status, often compromised during the transition period, and fertility efficiency is discussed. The release of cytokines seems to be related directly and indirectly (mainly by the change in usual hepatic metabolism to the malfunction of reproductive apparatus. Quick recovery of reproductive activity requires the adoption of strategies around calving to cover the higher environmental and nutritive requirements and to prevent disorders of any kind.

title: Transition XXXX : interaction with fertility.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the @entity4 are responsible for @entity1 encapsulation as a host defense mechanism. Recently, it was suggested that HSCs might play an important role in hepatic angiogenesis. Thus, HSCs in the HCC may be involved in @entity1 angiogenesis and pathogenesis of @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to examine the involvement of activated HSCs in the angiogenesis of @entity4 . METHODS: We investigated the effect of @entity0 HSC conditioned medium (CM) on the endothelial cell proliferation with or without stimulation of HepG2 CM, using @entity6 incorporation assay. Additionally, we investigated the effect of HepG2 CM on HSCs proliferation and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of various pro-angiogenic factors such as @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in HSCs. RESULTS: HSC CM caused a significant increase in DNA synthesis in @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The endothelial proliferation effect of HSCs was augmented by HepG2 CM. HepG2 CM significantly increased HSCs proliferation and stimulated @entity7 and @entity5 mRNA expression in HSCs. CONCLUSIONS: HSCs promote endothelial proliferation through various soluble factors. The soluble factors secreted in HepG2 stimulate HSC proliferation and up-regulate mRNA expression of proangiogenic factors. This result suggests that HSCs may play an important role in the angiogenesis of @entity4 .

title: [Role of hepatic stellate cells in the angiogenesis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incisional @entity4 is a common late complication of elective @entity2 ( @entity2 ) repair. This paper describes a technique that could prevent the development of this condition. METHODS: Since Jan 2001, a @entity9 mesh has been sutured prophylactically in the pre-peritoneal space during abdominal closure after elective @entity2 repair. RESULTS: Twenty-eight consecutive elective procedures were performed. One @entity0 died from a @entity5 13 days after operation. Four @entity0 (14%) had a wound @entity1 (1 deep @entity8 resistant @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 and 3 superficial) that were treated successfully with antibiotics and dressings. One additional @entity0 had a positive @entity6 wound swab but required no treatment. Two @entity0 required late re-operations. One, who was on @entity7 , required an urgent laparotomy for a leaking false @entity2 of the distal anastomoses 3 months after elective repair. A second @entity0 had an anterior resection 18 months after @entity2 repair. Both re-operations were uneventful. No @entity0 has yet developed a clinically evident incisional @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: These early data suggest that this mesh technique is a simple, safe and potentially effective method to decrease the incidence of incisional @entity4 following @entity3 repair.

title: Prevention of incisional @entity4 after XXXX repair.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incisional @entity4 is a common late complication of elective @entity2 ( @entity2 ) repair. This paper describes a technique that could prevent the development of this condition. METHODS: Since Jan 2001, a @entity9 mesh has been sutured prophylactically in the pre-peritoneal space during abdominal closure after elective @entity2 repair. RESULTS: Twenty-eight consecutive elective procedures were performed. One @entity0 died from a @entity5 13 days after operation. Four @entity0 (14%) had a wound @entity1 (1 deep @entity8 resistant @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 and 3 superficial) that were treated successfully with antibiotics and dressings. One additional @entity0 had a positive @entity6 wound swab but required no treatment. Two @entity0 required late re-operations. One, who was on @entity7 , required an urgent laparotomy for a leaking false @entity2 of the distal anastomoses 3 months after elective repair. A second @entity0 had an anterior resection 18 months after @entity2 repair. Both re-operations were uneventful. No @entity0 has yet developed a clinically evident incisional @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: These early data suggest that this mesh technique is a simple, safe and potentially effective method to decrease the incidence of incisional @entity4 following @entity3 repair.

title: Prevention of incisional XXXX after @entity3 repair.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: The most accepted treatment for @entity2 by @entity4 is the proton pump inhibitor based therapy with two antibiotics. However, there is no consensus regarding the duration. The purpose here was to compare eradication percentages in the @entity5 + @entity1 + @entity6 regimen administered during 7 days versus 10 days and confront the results with a previous 14-day* experience in Peru. METHOD: @entity0 from the Central Military Hospital and Peruvian-Japanese Hospital evidencing chronic upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms were recruited. We excluded @entity0 with peptic ulcer. Biopsies were taken for diagnosis, for urease and PCR tests, culture and coloring with @entity3 . @entity5 + @entity6 + @entity1 was used during 7 days versus 10 days. Control endoscopy was performed one month after treatment had been completed and molecular biology techniques were used to differentiate recurrences from new infections. Susceptibility to @entity6 was assessed. RESULTS: 36 @entity0 were included in each group. Eradication was the same in both groups: 86.1% (31/36). In several @entity0 in whom the bacteria persisted, the same initial nucleus was found. In a previous study* using this same regimen during 14 days, a 93% eradication was obtained. 91.18% of our samples were susceptible to @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: In Peru, the @entity5 + @entity6 + @entity1 combination gives results higher than 80% in the eradication of @entity2 by @entity4 . The 7 and 10 days regimens eradicated the bacteria in 86% of our @entity0 .

title: [ @entity5 , @entity1 and XXXX in the treatment of helicobacterpylori, in 7 and 10-day regimens].

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIM: The most accepted treatment for @entity2 by @entity4 is the proton pump inhibitor based therapy with two antibiotics. However, there is no consensus regarding the duration. The purpose here was to compare eradication percentages in the @entity5 + @entity1 + @entity6 regimen administered during 7 days versus 10 days and confront the results with a previous 14-day* experience in Peru. METHOD: @entity0 from the Central Military Hospital and Peruvian-Japanese Hospital evidencing chronic upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms were recruited. We excluded @entity0 with peptic ulcer. Biopsies were taken for diagnosis, for urease and PCR tests, culture and coloring with @entity3 . @entity5 + @entity6 + @entity1 was used during 7 days versus 10 days. Control endoscopy was performed one month after treatment had been completed and molecular biology techniques were used to differentiate recurrences from new infections. Susceptibility to @entity6 was assessed. RESULTS: 36 @entity0 were included in each group. Eradication was the same in both groups: 86.1% (31/36). In several @entity0 in whom the bacteria persisted, the same initial nucleus was found. In a previous study* using this same regimen during 14 days, a 93% eradication was obtained. 91.18% of our samples were susceptible to @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: In Peru, the @entity5 + @entity6 + @entity1 combination gives results higher than 80% in the eradication of @entity2 by @entity4 . The 7 and 10 days regimens eradicated the bacteria in 86% of our @entity0 .

title: [ @entity5 , XXXX and @entity6 in the treatment of helicobacterpylori, in 7 and 10-day regimens].

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: The most accepted treatment for @entity2 by @entity4 is the proton pump inhibitor based therapy with two antibiotics. However, there is no consensus regarding the duration. The purpose here was to compare eradication percentages in the @entity5 + @entity1 + @entity6 regimen administered during 7 days versus 10 days and confront the results with a previous 14-day* experience in Peru. METHOD: @entity0 from the Central Military Hospital and Peruvian-Japanese Hospital evidencing chronic upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms were recruited. We excluded @entity0 with peptic ulcer. Biopsies were taken for diagnosis, for urease and PCR tests, culture and coloring with @entity3 . @entity5 + @entity6 + @entity1 was used during 7 days versus 10 days. Control endoscopy was performed one month after treatment had been completed and molecular biology techniques were used to differentiate recurrences from new infections. Susceptibility to @entity6 was assessed. RESULTS: 36 @entity0 were included in each group. Eradication was the same in both groups: 86.1% (31/36). In several @entity0 in whom the bacteria persisted, the same initial nucleus was found. In a previous study* using this same regimen during 14 days, a 93% eradication was obtained. 91.18% of our samples were susceptible to @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: In Peru, the @entity5 + @entity6 + @entity1 combination gives results higher than 80% in the eradication of @entity2 by @entity4 . The 7 and 10 days regimens eradicated the bacteria in 86% of our @entity0 .

title: [ XXXX , @entity1 and @entity6 in the treatment of helicobacterpylori, in 7 and 10-day regimens].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National @entity2 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel ( @entity3 ) III recommendations incorporate new evidence for treating elevated low-density lipoprotein @entity2 . OBJECTIVES: Comparisons between the prevalence of drug-eligible Canadians under the old @entity3 II and the new @entity3 III guidelines were made, and the impact of @entity1 on current and future drug eligibility was explored using various models. METHODS: @entity0 from the Canadian Heart Health Surveys (1986 to 1992; n=17,728; 20 to 74 years of age) were assigned to therapeutic lifestyle change or drug-eligible groups in the event of elevated low-density lipoprotein @entity2 . Body mass index was used to classify @entity0 as having normal weight, or as being overweight or @entity1 . The prevalence of overweight and @entity1 status for 2001, 2006 and 2011 were projected from past trends by linear regression. Population attributable risk was used to model reductions or increases in the prevalence of @entity1 in drug-eligible @entity0 using several nationally representative population health surveys. RESULTS: In 2001, an additional 1.1 million Canadians were drug-eligible under @entity3 III (16.0% of @entity0 , 9.5% of @entity0 ), compared with @entity3 II (7.7% of @entity0 , 7.7% of @entity0 ). Drug eligibility was elevated in overweight @entity0 ( @entity0 : OR=1.87 [1.51 to 2.31]; @entity0 : OR=1.60 [1.13 to 2.28]) and the @entity1 ( @entity0 : OR=2.86 [1.86 to 4.38]; @entity0 : OR=2.28 [1.63 to 3.18]) versus normal weight @entity0 . The population attributable risk was higher in @entity0 (overweight 22.6%, @entity1 11.5%) than in @entity0 (overweight 9.4%, @entity1 9.2%). IMPLICATIONS: A 10% reduction in overweight and @entity1 prevalence could have prevented 69,530 cases of drug eligibility in 2001. On the other hand, by 2011 over one million Canadians will be drug-eligible because of an elevated body mass index, if the recent trends in overweight and @entity1 status continue.

title: National @entity2 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines and XXXX : implications for Canada.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National @entity2 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel ( @entity3 ) III recommendations incorporate new evidence for treating elevated low-density lipoprotein @entity2 . OBJECTIVES: Comparisons between the prevalence of drug-eligible Canadians under the old @entity3 II and the new @entity3 III guidelines were made, and the impact of @entity1 on current and future drug eligibility was explored using various models. METHODS: @entity0 from the Canadian Heart Health Surveys (1986 to 1992; n=17,728; 20 to 74 years of age) were assigned to therapeutic lifestyle change or drug-eligible groups in the event of elevated low-density lipoprotein @entity2 . Body mass index was used to classify @entity0 as having normal weight, or as being overweight or @entity1 . The prevalence of overweight and @entity1 status for 2001, 2006 and 2011 were projected from past trends by linear regression. Population attributable risk was used to model reductions or increases in the prevalence of @entity1 in drug-eligible @entity0 using several nationally representative population health surveys. RESULTS: In 2001, an additional 1.1 million Canadians were drug-eligible under @entity3 III (16.0% of @entity0 , 9.5% of @entity0 ), compared with @entity3 II (7.7% of @entity0 , 7.7% of @entity0 ). Drug eligibility was elevated in overweight @entity0 ( @entity0 : OR=1.87 [1.51 to 2.31]; @entity0 : OR=1.60 [1.13 to 2.28]) and the @entity1 ( @entity0 : OR=2.86 [1.86 to 4.38]; @entity0 : OR=2.28 [1.63 to 3.18]) versus normal weight @entity0 . The population attributable risk was higher in @entity0 (overweight 22.6%, @entity1 11.5%) than in @entity0 (overweight 9.4%, @entity1 9.2%). IMPLICATIONS: A 10% reduction in overweight and @entity1 prevalence could have prevented 69,530 cases of drug eligibility in 2001. On the other hand, by 2011 over one million Canadians will be drug-eligible because of an elevated body mass index, if the recent trends in overweight and @entity1 status continue.

title: National XXXX Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines and @entity1 : implications for Canada.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase inhibitors with additional nicotinic activity, such as @entity11 , may be useful in @entity8 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity10 ) since stimulation of nicotinic receptors may prevent the down-regulation that is likely to accompany cholinesterase inhibition and facilitate @entity6 release in the striatum. METHODS: Sixteen @entity10 @entity0 (six female) with onset of @entity1 after at least one year with @entity4 participated in this open-label trial of @entity11 . Cognitive, @entity2 , and motor symptoms were assessed before and after 8 weeks of treatment with @entity11 using unstructured clinical assessment as well as rating scales including the @entity7 ( @entity7 ), clock drawing test, verbal fluency and selected items from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). RESULTS: Age (mean, SD) was 75.6 (5.2) years, duration of @entity8 13.4 (5.9), duration of @entity3 2.1 (1.7) years, Hoehn and Yahr score was 3.8 (0.8) and baseline @entity7 score was 17.7 (6.7). Side-effects caused discontinuation in three @entity0 , but were rare and mild in the remaining 13. Improvement of global mental symptoms was noted in eight @entity0 , whereas worsening was reported in four. @entity9 improved in seven of the nine @entity0 with @entity9 before treatment. @entity4 improved in six @entity0 , but a mild worsening of @entity5 was noted in three. Clock-drawing improved (p=0.016), and trends towards improvement on @entity7 (p=0.09) and verbal fluency (p=0.16) were found. CONCLUSIONS: Although controlled trials are needed, the findings suggest that @entity11 is useful in @entity0 with @entity10 .

title: Cognitive, XXXX and motor response to @entity11 in Parkinson's disease with @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase inhibitors with additional nicotinic activity, such as @entity11 , may be useful in @entity8 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity10 ) since stimulation of nicotinic receptors may prevent the down-regulation that is likely to accompany cholinesterase inhibition and facilitate @entity6 release in the striatum. METHODS: Sixteen @entity10 @entity0 (six female) with onset of @entity1 after at least one year with @entity4 participated in this open-label trial of @entity11 . Cognitive, @entity2 , and motor symptoms were assessed before and after 8 weeks of treatment with @entity11 using unstructured clinical assessment as well as rating scales including the @entity7 ( @entity7 ), clock drawing test, verbal fluency and selected items from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). RESULTS: Age (mean, SD) was 75.6 (5.2) years, duration of @entity8 13.4 (5.9), duration of @entity3 2.1 (1.7) years, Hoehn and Yahr score was 3.8 (0.8) and baseline @entity7 score was 17.7 (6.7). Side-effects caused discontinuation in three @entity0 , but were rare and mild in the remaining 13. Improvement of global mental symptoms was noted in eight @entity0 , whereas worsening was reported in four. @entity9 improved in seven of the nine @entity0 with @entity9 before treatment. @entity4 improved in six @entity0 , but a mild worsening of @entity5 was noted in three. Clock-drawing improved (p=0.016), and trends towards improvement on @entity7 (p=0.09) and verbal fluency (p=0.16) were found. CONCLUSIONS: Although controlled trials are needed, the findings suggest that @entity11 is useful in @entity0 with @entity10 .

title: Cognitive, @entity2 and motor response to @entity11 in Parkinson's disease with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase inhibitors with additional nicotinic activity, such as @entity11 , may be useful in @entity8 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity10 ) since stimulation of nicotinic receptors may prevent the down-regulation that is likely to accompany cholinesterase inhibition and facilitate @entity6 release in the striatum. METHODS: Sixteen @entity10 @entity0 (six female) with onset of @entity1 after at least one year with @entity4 participated in this open-label trial of @entity11 . Cognitive, @entity2 , and motor symptoms were assessed before and after 8 weeks of treatment with @entity11 using unstructured clinical assessment as well as rating scales including the @entity7 ( @entity7 ), clock drawing test, verbal fluency and selected items from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). RESULTS: Age (mean, SD) was 75.6 (5.2) years, duration of @entity8 13.4 (5.9), duration of @entity3 2.1 (1.7) years, Hoehn and Yahr score was 3.8 (0.8) and baseline @entity7 score was 17.7 (6.7). Side-effects caused discontinuation in three @entity0 , but were rare and mild in the remaining 13. Improvement of global mental symptoms was noted in eight @entity0 , whereas worsening was reported in four. @entity9 improved in seven of the nine @entity0 with @entity9 before treatment. @entity4 improved in six @entity0 , but a mild worsening of @entity5 was noted in three. Clock-drawing improved (p=0.016), and trends towards improvement on @entity7 (p=0.09) and verbal fluency (p=0.16) were found. CONCLUSIONS: Although controlled trials are needed, the findings suggest that @entity11 is useful in @entity0 with @entity10 .

title: Cognitive, @entity2 and motor response to XXXX in Parkinson's disease with @entity3 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to determine whether the clinical benefits of @entity3 for @entity0 with @entity1 lead to benefits for caregivers. METHODS: Data were pooled from two concurrent, multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-month trials. Time caregivers spent assisting with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and time @entity0 could be left unsupervised each day were assessed using the Allocation of Caregiver Time Survey. In total, 825 @entity0 with mild-to-moderate @entity1 were included. RESULTS: At endpoint, caregivers of @entity3 -treated @entity0 were more likely to report reductions (41% vs 37%), maintenance (19% vs 14%) or smaller increases (26% vs 34% reporting an increase >30 minutes) in time assisting with @entity2 compared with the placebo group (p=0.026; Wilcoxon rank-sum test). The mean daily time difference was 32 minutes (p=0.011). Among @entity0 with moderate @entity1 , caregivers of @entity3 -treated @entity0 were even more likely to report reductions (46% vs 37%), maintenance (15% vs 6%) or smaller increases (25% vs 42% for increases >30 min) vs placebo (p=0.004), with a mean daily time saving of 53 minutes (p=0.021). Caregivers of @entity3 -treated @entity0 were more likely to report increases (22% vs 18%), maintenance (45% vs 43%) or smaller reductions (30% vs 37% for reductions >30 minutes) in time the @entity0 could be left unsupervised compared with placebo (p=0.027). Mean daily time saving was 27 minutes. Among @entity0 with moderate @entity1 , the treatment effect was greater (p=0.029), with caregivers in the @entity3 group reporting the change in time left unsupervised as 68 minutes longer each day than caregivers of @entity0 receiving placebo. CONCLUSION: The clinical benefits of @entity3 for @entity0 with @entity1 are also associated with benefits to caregiving.

title: The effects of @entity3 treatment on caregiver time in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to determine whether the clinical benefits of @entity3 for @entity0 with @entity1 lead to benefits for caregivers. METHODS: Data were pooled from two concurrent, multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-month trials. Time caregivers spent assisting with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and time @entity0 could be left unsupervised each day were assessed using the Allocation of Caregiver Time Survey. In total, 825 @entity0 with mild-to-moderate @entity1 were included. RESULTS: At endpoint, caregivers of @entity3 -treated @entity0 were more likely to report reductions (41% vs 37%), maintenance (19% vs 14%) or smaller increases (26% vs 34% reporting an increase >30 minutes) in time assisting with @entity2 compared with the placebo group (p=0.026; Wilcoxon rank-sum test). The mean daily time difference was 32 minutes (p=0.011). Among @entity0 with moderate @entity1 , caregivers of @entity3 -treated @entity0 were even more likely to report reductions (46% vs 37%), maintenance (15% vs 6%) or smaller increases (25% vs 42% for increases >30 min) vs placebo (p=0.004), with a mean daily time saving of 53 minutes (p=0.021). Caregivers of @entity3 -treated @entity0 were more likely to report increases (22% vs 18%), maintenance (45% vs 43%) or smaller reductions (30% vs 37% for reductions >30 minutes) in time the @entity0 could be left unsupervised compared with placebo (p=0.027). Mean daily time saving was 27 minutes. Among @entity0 with moderate @entity1 , the treatment effect was greater (p=0.029), with caregivers in the @entity3 group reporting the change in time left unsupervised as 68 minutes longer each day than caregivers of @entity0 receiving placebo. CONCLUSION: The clinical benefits of @entity3 for @entity0 with @entity1 are also associated with benefits to caregiving.

title: The effects of XXXX treatment on caregiver time in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Anophelines were sampled from 82 locations on Buka and Bougainville islands in Papua New Guinea by larval collections, @entity2 -baited mosquito traps, and @entity0 biting catches. Anopheles farauti s.s. was collected in larval surveys but infrequently in mosquito traps on both islands; on Buka Island this species was readily collected in @entity0 biting catches. Anopheles farauti 2 was commonly collected in larval surveys on both islands; however, it was not collected in either mosquito traps or @entity0 biting catches. Anopheles punctulatus was found only on Buka Island, where it was commonly collected as larvae, but rarely in @entity0 biting catches and mosquito traps. Anopheles lungae was collected as larvae from only 1 site on Bougainville. Anopheles farauti s.s. fed consistently throughout the night (1900-0600 h); small peaks at midnight and dawn were not statistically significant. Of 1,156 An. farauti s.s. specimens examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for @entity1 sporozoites, 20 were found to be positive; 12 were positive for @entity3 and 8 were positive for @entity4 (247 variant = 5; 210 variant = 3). Anopheles farauti s.s. seems to be the major @entity1 vector on these islands, whereas An. punctulatus may play a minor role on Buka Island. Anophele jarauti 2 is unlikely to be involved in @entity1 transmission on Buka or Bougainville islands.

title: XXXX vectors on Buka and Bougainville Islands, Papua New Guinea.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Western Canada Waiting List Project (WCWL) is a federally funded partnership of 19 organizations, including medical associations, health authorities, ministries of health and research organizations, that was created to develop tools to assist in the management of waiting lists. The WCWL @entity1 surgery panel, one of five panels constituted under this project, developed and tested a set of standardized clinical criteria for prioritizing among @entity0 awaiting @entity1 surgery. METHODS: The @entity1 surgery panel was composed of seven @entity2 and community ophthalmologists, two family physicians, an optometrist, a health care services researcher and a health information specialist. The panel met three times between October 1999 and June 2000. The priority criteria were applied to 563 @entity0 in the four western provinces. Regression analysis was used to determine the set of criteria weights that collectively best predicted clinicians' overall ratings of urgency. Interrater and test-retest reliability were assessed, based on clinicians' ratings of videotaped interviews with six hypothetical @entity0 . RESULTS: The resulting criteria accounted for about one-third of the observed variance in clinicians' ratings of overall clinical urgency (R2 = 31.2%). The panel modified the original criteria and weights based on empirical results and clinical judgement. Reliability of the revised criteria items was mixed, with the lowest reliability observed for items dealing with glare and social role. INTERPRETATION: Participating clinicians considered the criteria easy to use and reasonably reflective of expert surgical judgement regarding clinical urgency. Further development and testing of the tool appear warranted.

title: Developing XXXX surgery priority criteria: results from the Western Canada Waiting List Project.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the phenotype/genotype correlations in Arab @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: The study was performed in a 3-year period (February 1998-February 2001). @entity0 were seen in the pediatric @entity1 clinic of Jordan University Hospital, and the diagnosis of @entity1 was made according to published criteria. Screening for mutations was carried out by direct sequencing of the entire coding sequence of exon 10 and its donor splice site and by restriction endonuclease testing for mutations in exon 2. A total of 278 @entity0 with clinically positive @entity1 were screened. RESULTS: Of the 278 @entity0 , 50 (18%) had 2 mutations identified, and 76 (27%) other @entity0 had only 1 mutation identified. The 50 @entity0 with 2 mutations are the subject of this report. The @entity3 / @entity3 and the @entity3 / @entity4 and @entity2 / @entity2 genotypes were the most common (30%, 16%, and 14%, respectively). Three homozygous genotypes ( @entity3 / @entity3 , @entity4 / @entity4 , and @entity2 / @entity2 ) and 2 compound heterozygous genotypes ( @entity3 / @entity4 and @entity4 / @entity5 ) accounted for 78% of mutations. The difference in the mean severity score (14 +/- 2) of the @entity3 / @entity3 group and the @entity4 / @entity4 (mean severity score, 10 +/- 3) and @entity2 /M6941 (mean severity score, 6 +/- 1) groups was statistically significant (P =.003 and.0, respectively). The difference between the @entity6 / @entity3 group and the @entity3 / @entity4 (mean severity score, 15 +/- 2) was not statistically significant (P = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS: The genotypes @entity3 / @entity3 and @entity3 / @entity4 have a severe clinical course in Arab @entity0 with @entity1 , whereas the @entity2 / @entity2 is associated with mild disease.

title: Genotype/phenotype correlations in Arab @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the phenotype/genotype correlations in Arab @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: The study was performed in a 3-year period (February 1998-February 2001). @entity0 were seen in the pediatric @entity1 clinic of Jordan University Hospital, and the diagnosis of @entity1 was made according to published criteria. Screening for mutations was carried out by direct sequencing of the entire coding sequence of exon 10 and its donor splice site and by restriction endonuclease testing for mutations in exon 2. A total of 278 @entity0 with clinically positive @entity1 were screened. RESULTS: Of the 278 @entity0 , 50 (18%) had 2 mutations identified, and 76 (27%) other @entity0 had only 1 mutation identified. The 50 @entity0 with 2 mutations are the subject of this report. The @entity3 / @entity3 and the @entity3 / @entity4 and @entity2 / @entity2 genotypes were the most common (30%, 16%, and 14%, respectively). Three homozygous genotypes ( @entity3 / @entity3 , @entity4 / @entity4 , and @entity2 / @entity2 ) and 2 compound heterozygous genotypes ( @entity3 / @entity4 and @entity4 / @entity5 ) accounted for 78% of mutations. The difference in the mean severity score (14 +/- 2) of the @entity3 / @entity3 group and the @entity4 / @entity4 (mean severity score, 10 +/- 3) and @entity2 /M6941 (mean severity score, 6 +/- 1) groups was statistically significant (P =.003 and.0, respectively). The difference between the @entity6 / @entity3 group and the @entity3 / @entity4 (mean severity score, 15 +/- 2) was not statistically significant (P = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS: The genotypes @entity3 / @entity3 and @entity3 / @entity4 have a severe clinical course in Arab @entity0 with @entity1 , whereas the @entity2 / @entity2 is associated with mild disease.

title: Genotype/phenotype correlations in Arab XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Recently, it has not been rare for psychiatrists to treatment disorders and provide consultation on mental health problems for @entity0 from different cultures. The following is a brief outline of @entity1 and mental health problems of the @entity0 who immigrated in culturally different societies. In reviewing the literature, most of the reports demonstrate that the admission rate for @entity2 is higher among immigrants than among @entity0 remaining in their original countries or among native-born @entity0 of the host countries. Furthermore the prevalence of @entity4 in community surveys is reported to be higher among immigrants than among native-born @entity0 of the host countries. In regard to gender difference of vulnerability to cross-cultural immigration, the prevalence rate for @entity1 is reported to be higher in female immigrants than male immigrants. Psychological adaptation of Japanese war orphans returned from Mainland China four decades after WWII revealed that psychological problems became exacerbated three months after resettlement in Japan and took three years to recover. Three @entity7 that manifested in resettlement were @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity3 . It is hypothesized that the acculturation process can be divided into four layers: the behavioral level, intellectual level, representative level and emotional level. The study of the acculturation process of Japanese war orphans demonstrated that it gradually proceeded from a surface level to deeper levels, namely from the behavioral level-->intellectual level-->representative level-->emotional level. The relationship of psychological adaptation and acculturation process is reported to be complicated. The acculturation process does not necessarily accompany psychological adaptation and vice versa. Impact of immigration on psychological manifestation revealed the following vicissitude: the asymptomatic phase for two months after resettlement-->hypochondriacal phase-->depressive phase-->paranoid phase. The vicissitude of psychological manifestations of the impact of immigration may be a reflection of the four layers of adaptive mechanisms (G. Vaillant).

title: [Cross-cultural adaptation and XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity8 , the most prevalent @entity9 , is inherited as an @entity2 . The gold standard for diagnosis is decreased acid beta-glucosidase activity in the lymphocytes or fibroblasts; molecular analysis of mutations allows for some prognostication of disease severity. Prenatal diagnosis and carrier testing for at-risk families are currently available. There is tremendous phenotypic heterogeneity in the non-neuronopathic form (type I), ranging from clinically asymptomatic to massive @entity4 , @entity10 , @entity6 in @entity0 and extensive involvement of bone and lungs. Presence on one allele of the most common mutation, @entity12 , which is the most prevalent among Ashkenazi Jews for whom there is a predilection for @entity8 , is protective of neurological involvement. Some mutations, such as 84GG and IVS2+1, are associated with more severe disease manifestations when appearing as compound heterozygotes with @entity12 , but when occurring in the homozygous state are not compatible with life. Other mutations, such as @entity11 , are associated with severe @entity1 when occurring as compound heterozygotes with @entity12 , but when occurring in the homozygous state may be predictive of @entity1 of either acute (type II) or subacute (type III) forms. In the past decade, enzyme replacement therapy has become available which has resulted in a reduction in liver and spleen volume and consequently improved @entity5 and @entity7 in most @entity0 . It has also engendered catch-up growth in many @entity0 , induced improvement in lung involvement secondary to @entity8 , and to some extent ameliorated episodes of @entity3 . By virtue of treatment, many @entity0 who may have been severely affected no longer need to undergo splenectomy to treat @entity10 , and therefore they are not at risk of bone involvement consequent to the loss of the preferred reservoir for lipid-laden 'Gaucher cells'. However, enzyme treatment is ineffective in reversing neurological signs, requires a lifelong commitment to intravenous infusions, thereby reducing quality of life, and is relatively expensive for many national health schemes. Hence, alternative forms of treatment, such as substrate balance, are being explored. Symptomatic management, including orthopedic surgery, @entity3 relief for @entity3 and even splenectomy, still has importance for @entity0 with @entity8 . In addition, there is the potential for bone marrow transplantation and, in the future, gene therapy to be curative, particularly for @entity0 with the neuronopathic forms.

title: XXXX : pediatric concerns.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Travoprost, a highly selective and potent analogue of the @entity4 @entity5 , has recently been approved and marketed as a topical @entity1 agent for the treatment of @entity3 and @entity2 . Following absorption into the eye, the free acid form of travoprost interacts with the endogenous FP prostanoid receptor to enhance aqueous humor outflow and lower intraocular pressure (IOP). Travoprost is distinguished from other marketed @entity4 analogues in that it is a full agonist at the @entity4 receptor. It is also highly selective with little or no affinity for other prostanoid or non-prostanoid receptors in the eye. Travoprost provides robust lowering of IOP with little diurnal fluctuation and results in @entity1 in a large percentage of @entity0 . In controlled clinical trials, travoprost 0.004% o.d. used as monotherapy produced greater IOP reduction than @entity6 0.5% b.i.d. and equal or greater reduction than latanoprost 0.005%o.d. Travoprost 0.004% was also shown to be an effective adjunctive agent offering an additional 5 - 7 mmHg IOP reduction in @entity0 inadequately controlled on @entity6 0.5%. Subgroup analysis of a large Phase III trial revealed travoprost 0.004% to be significantly more effective at lowering IOP in African American @entity0 by almost 2 mmHg compared to non-African Americans. Moreover, a higher percentage of African American @entity0 responded to travoprost 0.004% and reached lower target pressures than with either latanoprost 0.005% or @entity6 0.5%. Travoprost is a very stable compound, maintaining its efficacy following exposure to extremely low and high temperatures, repeated freezing and thawing and exposure to light. Throughout all clinical trials, travoprost was found to be safe and well-tolerated with very few (< 5%) discontinuations due to adverse events. Travoprost 0.004% represents a clinically significant advance for the treatment of @entity2 and @entity3 , offering superior IOP reduction and diurnal control, especially among African American @entity0 , in a safe, well-tolerated, stable formulation.

title: Travoprost--a new @entity4 analogue for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Travoprost, a highly selective and potent analogue of the @entity4 @entity5 , has recently been approved and marketed as a topical @entity1 agent for the treatment of @entity3 and @entity2 . Following absorption into the eye, the free acid form of travoprost interacts with the endogenous FP prostanoid receptor to enhance aqueous humor outflow and lower intraocular pressure (IOP). Travoprost is distinguished from other marketed @entity4 analogues in that it is a full agonist at the @entity4 receptor. It is also highly selective with little or no affinity for other prostanoid or non-prostanoid receptors in the eye. Travoprost provides robust lowering of IOP with little diurnal fluctuation and results in @entity1 in a large percentage of @entity0 . In controlled clinical trials, travoprost 0.004% o.d. used as monotherapy produced greater IOP reduction than @entity6 0.5% b.i.d. and equal or greater reduction than latanoprost 0.005%o.d. Travoprost 0.004% was also shown to be an effective adjunctive agent offering an additional 5 - 7 mmHg IOP reduction in @entity0 inadequately controlled on @entity6 0.5%. Subgroup analysis of a large Phase III trial revealed travoprost 0.004% to be significantly more effective at lowering IOP in African American @entity0 by almost 2 mmHg compared to non-African Americans. Moreover, a higher percentage of African American @entity0 responded to travoprost 0.004% and reached lower target pressures than with either latanoprost 0.005% or @entity6 0.5%. Travoprost is a very stable compound, maintaining its efficacy following exposure to extremely low and high temperatures, repeated freezing and thawing and exposure to light. Throughout all clinical trials, travoprost was found to be safe and well-tolerated with very few (< 5%) discontinuations due to adverse events. Travoprost 0.004% represents a clinically significant advance for the treatment of @entity2 and @entity3 , offering superior IOP reduction and diurnal control, especially among African American @entity0 , in a safe, well-tolerated, stable formulation.

title: Travoprost--a new XXXX analogue for the treatment of @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our first study had shown that Chinese tea has anti-Helicobacter activity. The present study investigated the relationship between @entity0 'Helicobacter status and the history of Chinese tea consumption. METHODS: Chinese @entity0 who had their first upper endoscopy were recruited. Before the procedure, @entity0 completed questionnaires about their current Chinese tea consumption habits and those when they were around 10-25 years old. This information was used to calculate the tea consumption indices (TCI). Gastric biopsies (two from the antrum and two from the corpus) were taken for histological examination for Helicobacter. RESULTS: Eighty @entity0 were recruited. Eight @entity0 were rejected because of either an incomplete questionnaire, absence of gastric biopsy or a suspected history of treatment for @entity1 . Of the 72 @entity0 , 42 (58.3%) were Helicobacter positive. The age, sex ratio and indications for endoscopy were similar in both Helicobacter-positive and -negative groups. Classifying @entity0 using either current, past or total TCI, @entity0 with high tea consumption had significantly lower @entity1 rate than those with low tea consumption (45% compared to 74%, 42% compared to 67% and 40% compared to 83%, respectively). Helicobacter-negative @entity0 had higher overall TCI than Helicobacter-positive @entity0 (28.2:17.3). When current and previous histories were analyzed separately, Helicobacter-negative @entity0 also had a trend towards higher TCI currently (16.6:11.0) and in their 20s (11.6:6.1). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant inverse relationship between Chinese tea consumption and @entity1 . Chinese tea consumption may decrease the chance of @entity1 .

title: Chinese tea consumption and lower risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To make an epidemiological survey of schistosome @entity1 among the residents living along the banks of the Huaihe River. METHODS: Making inquiries about signs and symptoms of schistosome @entity1 , and physical examinations of manifestation in the residents (fishermen and peasants). Cercariae shed from the Radix auricularia collected in the field were used to infect ducklings. The eggs and miracidia separated from the feces of the full grown @entity2 bred by fishermen were used to infect Radix auricularia. RESULTS: @entity1 locally known as " @entity2 itch" (meaning @entity2 -fecesdermatitis) was discovered among the residents living along the Huaihe River bank. The main signs and symptoms of the @entity1 included @entity3 or red papular eruption with areorae, urticae, urticant itch or titillation around the affected areas (including thoracic part, abdomen and lower limbs etc). The cercariae with eye spot were found from Radix auricularia collected from Huaihe riverside and were identified to be the species of Trichobilharzia can both hatch miracidium, which laboratory-reared Radix auricularia were infected with miracidia hatched from the two types of eggs, rhomboid eggs and crescent eggs, found in the feces of full grown @entity2 bred by fishermen and shed the same cereariae with eye spot. Besides, adult worms of Trichobiharzia were obtained by dissecting both experimentally infected ducklings bred in the laboratory and naturally infected @entity2 bred in the Huaihe river-side area. The above-mentioned eggs, miracidia, cercariae and adult worms were all identified to belong to the life-phase of Trichobilharzia. CONCLUSION: The @entity0 known as @entity1 harmful to the health of the residents living along the banks of Huaihe River is caused by the cercariae of Trichobilharzia.

title: [An epidemiological survey of schistosome XXXX among the residents living along the banks of the Huaihe River system].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of the duodenal switch procedure as surgical treatment of morbid @entity1 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The longitudinal gastrectomy and duodenal switch procedure as performed for morbid @entity1 involves a 75% subtotal greater curvature gastrectomy and long limb suprapapillary Roux-en-Y duodenoenterostomy. This results in a restricted caloric intake and diversion of bile and pancreatic secretions to induce @entity6 . Broad acceptance of this procedure has been impeded because of concerns that the malabsorptive component may produce serious nutritional complications. METHODS: Review of data collected prospectively from all @entity0 who underwent duodenal switch as the primary surgical treatment of morbid @entity1 at a single institution during the 10-year period beginning September 1992. Operative morbidity and mortality, @entity3 , volume of food intake, and bowel function were recorded. Sequential measurements of serum albumin, hemoglobin, and @entity4 levels were obtained to assess metabolic function and nutrient absorption. RESULTS: Duodenal switch was performed as the primary operation in 701 (81%) of a total 863 @entity0 undergoing bariatric surgery during the period of study. The average body mass index (BMI) was 52.8 (range, 34-95). Perioperative mortality was 1.4%, and morbidity (including leaks, wound dehiscence, splenectomy, and @entity2 ) occurred in 21 @entity0 (2.9%). Weight loss averaged 127 pounds at 1 year, 131 at 3 years, and 118 at 5 or more years (% EBWL of 69%, 73%, and 66%, respectively). The mean number of bowel movements was fewer than 3 per day. @entity0 reported and maintained a mean restriction of 63% of their preoperative intake (approximately 1600 calories), with no specific food intolerance, at 3 or more years follow-up. At 3 years, serum albumin remained at normal levels in 98% of @entity0 , hemoglobin in 52%, and @entity4 in 71%. No @entity0 reported dumping, and marginal @entity5 were not seen. CONCLUSIONS: The longitudinal gastrectomy with duodenal switch is a safe and effective primary procedure for the treatment of morbid @entity1 . It has the advantage of allowing acceptable alimentation with a minimum of side effects while producing and maintaining significant @entity3 . These results are achieved without developing significant dietary restrictions or clinical metabolic or nutritional complications.

title: The duodenal switch operation for the treatment of morbid XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a chronic, relapsing, @entity6 with unknown etiology. During the progression of the disease, @entity3 can be observed. The aim of this study was to find out the predictive value of the @entity4 permeability test in detecting @entity3 in @entity2 . Twenty-six male Beh  et's @entity0 and 21 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in the study. Seventeen @entity0 had active disease, while nine did not. @entity1 was defined as having elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and @entity5 (CRP) levels or at least two of the diagnostic criteria in the previous month. @entity0 and controls were investigated with the upper gastrointestinal permeability test. Of all the @entity0 , 25 were investigated endoscopically. The urine @entity4 levels were significantly higher in @entity0 than in the control group (P = 0.0001) and in @entity0 with active disease than those with inactive disease (P < 0.0001), while urine @entity4 of @entity0 with inactive disease and the control group did not differ. The endoscopic findings were not specific to @entity2 . Active and inactive @entity2 had similar endoscopic findings. Increased upper gastrointestinal permeability was established in @entity0 with @entity2 . This increased permeability was not related to a specific @entity3 . Further studies with larger series must be performed in order to determine the value of the @entity4 permeability test in detecting mucosal involvement in @entity2 .

title: Increased XXXX permeability in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a chronic, relapsing, @entity6 with unknown etiology. During the progression of the disease, @entity3 can be observed. The aim of this study was to find out the predictive value of the @entity4 permeability test in detecting @entity3 in @entity2 . Twenty-six male Beh  et's @entity0 and 21 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in the study. Seventeen @entity0 had active disease, while nine did not. @entity1 was defined as having elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and @entity5 (CRP) levels or at least two of the diagnostic criteria in the previous month. @entity0 and controls were investigated with the upper gastrointestinal permeability test. Of all the @entity0 , 25 were investigated endoscopically. The urine @entity4 levels were significantly higher in @entity0 than in the control group (P = 0.0001) and in @entity0 with active disease than those with inactive disease (P < 0.0001), while urine @entity4 of @entity0 with inactive disease and the control group did not differ. The endoscopic findings were not specific to @entity2 . Active and inactive @entity2 had similar endoscopic findings. Increased upper gastrointestinal permeability was established in @entity0 with @entity2 . This increased permeability was not related to a specific @entity3 . Further studies with larger series must be performed in order to determine the value of the @entity4 permeability test in detecting mucosal involvement in @entity2 .

title: Increased @entity4 permeability in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of instillation of latanoprost on the diurnal variation in the intraocular pressure(IOP), blood pressure, and pulse rate in @entity0 with normal-tension @entity1 ( @entity2 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The diurnal variation in the IOP was determined in 23 eyes in 23 @entity2 @entity0 after a washout period of 4 weeks or longer. The diurnal variation in IOP was then remeasured after latanoprost monotherapy of 8 weeks or longer. The IOP was measured by the Goldmann applanation tonometer at 10:00, 13:00, 16:00, 19:00, 22:00, 01:00, 03:00, 07:00, and 10:00 before and after treatment, and the IOP at each time point, mean diurnal IOP, maximum IOP, minimum IOP, and range of variation in IOP were compared before and after treatment. The blood pressure and pulse rate before and after treatment were also measured and compared. RESULTS: The IOP decreased significantly at all time points. The treatment caused significant decreases in the mean diurnal IOP, maximum IOP, minimum IOP, and range of variation in IOP. There were no differences in the blood pressure and pulse rate before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Latanoprost significantly decreases the IOP throughout the day in @entity2 @entity0 , and has no effects on the blood pressure and pulse rate. It is therefore useful in the treatment of @entity2 .

title: [Effect of latanoprost on diurnal variations of intraocular pressure in normal-tension XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A highly sensitive and selective analytical HPLC method is reported for the simultaneous measurement of salmon calcitonin (sCT) and its enzyme inhibitor, @entity1 ovomucoid (dOVM). The method used a reversed phase C-18 column (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 microm) at room temperature. The elution was achieved using a gradient technique (20-35% B for 10 min, 35-37% B from 10th to 20th min and 37-20% B from 20th to 25th min). The mobile phase used was 0.05% v/v @entity2 ( @entity3 ) in water and 0.05% v/v @entity3 in @entity0 with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Detection was carried out by UV spectrophotometry at 210 nm. sCT and dOVM were eluted at 7.8 and 15.4 min respectively, free from any interfering endogenous peaks during a run time of 25 min. Linear relationships were observed between the detector response and the concentrations of the analytes (10-100 microg/ml for CT (r2 = 0.996) and 10-100 microg/ml for the dOVM (r2 = 0.999)). The assay was found to be highly selective and sensitive due to the absence of any interfering peaks. The lower C.V. and % error values of the assay indicates that the assay could accurately and precisely quantitate both sCT and dOVM in the examined concentration range. This method can be usedfor the simultaneous quantitative analysis of sCT and dOVM.

title: A validated HPLC assay for simultaneous analysis of salmon calcitonin and XXXX ovomucoid.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish @entity1 diagnoses in @entity0 recently admitted to a nursing home by a geriatrician, and to compare the agreement with diagnoses recorded in the nursing home's medical records and with short screening instruments. DESIGN: Descriptive study. Geriatric work-up of the individual @entity0 , information obtained from the medical records of nursing homes, structured interviews with nurses and a short cognitive test. SETTING: Nursing homes in Bergen, Norway, with 123 long-term care @entity0 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 diagnosis according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), Clinical @entity1 Rating and the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. RESULTS: Fifty-nine percent of the @entity0 were diagnosed as demented according to the ICD-10. One-third of cases were not formerly diagnosed according to nursing home medical records. Clinical @entity1 Rating and the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire detected " @entity1 / @entity1 " cases correctly in 93% and 94%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Geriatric work-up indicates under-diagnosing of @entity1 among recently admitted nursing home @entity0 . This may have serious consequences for the treatment. @entity1 diagnostics in primary health care must be improved. The knowledge of the attending nurses should be better incorporated in the medical work-up of nursing home @entity0 .

title: Missing the diagnosis: senile dementia in XXXX admitted to nursing homes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Wild type viruses have been known for decades for their capability to destroy @entity1 cells upon infection and intracellular replication. Genetic engineering of such viruses was, however, only recently done in an attempt to improve their utility as biological anticancer agents. Wild type or recombinant viruses able to selectively destroy @entity1 cells while sparing normal tissue are known as oncolytic viruses. Most oncolytic viruses currently investigated in clinical trials are derived from @entity4 (HSVI). More than 300 @entity0 with solid @entity1 were now treated in clinical trials with oncolytic viruses, and in most cases virus was administered directly into the @entity1 mass. About 10% of the above @entity0 had recurrent @entity2 . Total intratumoral doses of up to 2 x 10(12) virus particles were well tolerated, and in general no severe side effects resulted from the clinical use of oncolytic AV and HSVI, either in the brain or in the rest of the body. Encouraging anti-tumoral activity was demonstrated in some types of @entity1 treated locally with oncolytic viruses, and systemic chemotherapy was found to potentiate the anti- @entity1 effect of virus mediated oncolysis. In @entity2 , standard gene therapy approaches employing non-replicating virus vectors failed to demonstrate significant benefit in clinical studies. Therapy with oncolytic viruses seems to hold more promise in early clinical trials than gene therapy with non-replicating virus vectors. However, further major advancements in virus designs, application modalities, and understanding of the interactions of the host's immune system with the virus are clearly needed before oncolytic virus therapy of @entity3 can be introduced to clinical practice.

title: Oncolytic viruses for treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity9 is a rare @entity2 , with early onset of predominantly @entity1 . The symptoms of the disease are @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity10 , pyramidal signs, and intellectual decline. Recent genetic studies mapped the disease to chromosome 20p12.3-p13, and identified mutations in the pantothenate kinase gene. This report describes a childhood onset case of @entity9 with @entity5 . Former reports about the @entity3 comorbidity generally included @entity4 . METHOD: A single case report. RESULTS: A 14-year-old @entity0 with @entity9 presented a @entity5 with @entity7 . Symptoms were relieved after neuroleptic treatment. CONCLUSION: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first published report of the disease with @entity5 . The contribution of basal ganglia, with their wide projections, to the emergence of @entity5 was discussed.

title: Psychotic disorder in a case with XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Goodpasture's, or anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM), disease is unusual among @entity2 in that it rarely follows a relapsing-remitting course. Moreover, untreated, autoantibodies disappear spontaneously after 1 to 3 years and, following treatment, autoreactive T cells diminish in frequency. This suggests that operational tolerance toward the autoantigen is reestablished. However, the mechanisms underlying this have remained unclear. Recent data have suggested that a population of regulatory T lymphocytes can suppress both autoimmune and alloimmune responses in animal models and are present in normal individuals. However, to date, they have not been demonstrated to play a role in @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: We studied the role of regulatory @entity3 + cells in suppressing T-cell responses to the Goodpasture autoantigen in nine @entity0 with @entity5 . RESULTS: At the time of acute presentation, there was no evidence of a regulatory cell population. However, from 3 months onward a population emerged, capable of suppressing the response to the Goodpasture autoantigen. Following depletion of @entity3 + cells, the frequencies of autoreactive-, GBM-, or collagen alpha 3(IV)NC1-specific T cells were significantly increased (P = 0.031 by paired t test), with five of seven (71%) convalescent @entity0 and no acute @entity0 demonstrating regulation. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that, in @entity5 , regulatory @entity3 + T cells play a role in inhibiting the autoimmune response. Their emergence and persistence may underlie the "single hit" nature of this condition. Understanding the conditions required for the development and propagation of these cells would allow development of novel therapeutic strategies for inducing @entity4 in @entity2 .

title: Regulation by @entity3 + lymphocytes of autoantigen-specific T-cell responses in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Goodpasture's, or anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM), disease is unusual among @entity2 in that it rarely follows a relapsing-remitting course. Moreover, untreated, autoantibodies disappear spontaneously after 1 to 3 years and, following treatment, autoreactive T cells diminish in frequency. This suggests that operational tolerance toward the autoantigen is reestablished. However, the mechanisms underlying this have remained unclear. Recent data have suggested that a population of regulatory T lymphocytes can suppress both autoimmune and alloimmune responses in animal models and are present in normal individuals. However, to date, they have not been demonstrated to play a role in @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: We studied the role of regulatory @entity3 + cells in suppressing T-cell responses to the Goodpasture autoantigen in nine @entity0 with @entity5 . RESULTS: At the time of acute presentation, there was no evidence of a regulatory cell population. However, from 3 months onward a population emerged, capable of suppressing the response to the Goodpasture autoantigen. Following depletion of @entity3 + cells, the frequencies of autoreactive-, GBM-, or collagen alpha 3(IV)NC1-specific T cells were significantly increased (P = 0.031 by paired t test), with five of seven (71%) convalescent @entity0 and no acute @entity0 demonstrating regulation. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that, in @entity5 , regulatory @entity3 + T cells play a role in inhibiting the autoimmune response. Their emergence and persistence may underlie the "single hit" nature of this condition. Understanding the conditions required for the development and propagation of these cells would allow development of novel therapeutic strategies for inducing @entity4 in @entity2 .

title: Regulation by XXXX + lymphocytes of autoantigen-specific T-cell responses in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Postoperative @entity4 (PO-ARF) is a serious complication resulting in a prolonged stay and high mortality. @entity0 may be at risk for this problem because of an underlying medical illness, nature of surgery, nephrotoxin exposure, or combinations of these factors. An increase in the intra abdominal pressure above 20-mm Hg is associated with an increase in the incidence of PO-ARF. Based on many clinical studies in high-risk surgical @entity0 and @entity0 undergoing renal transplantation, the only proven management strategies for prevention of PO-ARF are adequate volume expansion and avoidance of hypovolaemia. Drugs known to be nephrotoxic should be avoided or used with caution. Three main pharmacological agents namely @entity7 , @entity6 and @entity5 have been extensively tried in the prevention of PO-ARF. @entity7 has proven of value only in the presence of adequate volume expansion in attenuating @entity1 in transplant @entity0 . @entity6 converts oliguric @entity2 to non-oliguric @entity2 . The bulk of the data, including that from prospective studies indicate @entity5 is only a diuretic. Fenoldopam, a @entity5 analogue, has shown early promise in reports. @entity3 channel blockers have not been shown to improve the outcome in renal transplantation or help in the prevention of contrast-induced @entity1 . Atrial natriuretic peptide has not been proven to be of benefit in established @entity2 and its role in prevention has not been assessed.

title: Prevention of postoperative XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 can be a severe and @entity1 characterised by lack of insight and poor compliance with treatment. Psychoeducational approaches have been developed to increase @entity0 ' knowledge of, and insight into, their illness and its treatment. It is supposed that this increased knowledge and insight will enable @entity0 with @entity2 to cope in a more effective way with their illness, thereby improving prognosis. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of psychoeducational interventions compared to the standard levels of knowledge provision. SEARCH STRATEGY: Electronic searches of CINAHL (1982-1999), The Cochrane Library CENTRAL (Issue 1, 1999), The Cochrane @entity2 Group's Register (May 2001), EMBASE (1980-1999), MEDLINE (1966-1999), PsycLit (1974-1999), and Sociofile (1974-1999) were undertaken. These were supplemented by cross-reference searching and personal contact with authors of all included studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: All relevant randomised controlled trials focusing on psychoeducation for @entity2 and/or related serious mental illnesses involving individuals or groups. Quasi-randomised trials were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted independently from included papers by at least two reviewers. Authors of trials were contacted for additional and missing data. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of homogeneous dichotomous data were calculated. A random effects model was used for heterogeneous dichotomous data. Where possible the numbers needed to treat (NNT) were also calculated. Weighted or standardised means were calculated for continuous data. MAIN RESULTS: Ten studies are included in this review. All studies of group education included family members. Compliance with medication was significantly improved in a single study using brief group intervention (at one year) but other studies produced equivocal or skewed data. Any kind of psychoeducational intervention significantly decreased relapse or readmission rates at nine to 18 months follow-up compared with standard care (RR 0.8 CI 0.7-0.9 NNT 9 CI 6-22). Several of the secondary outcomes (knowledge gain, mental state, global level of functioning, expressed emotion in family members) were measured using scales that are difficult to interpret. Generally, however, findings were consistent with the possibility that psychoeducation has a positive effect on a @entity0 ' well being. No impact was found on insight, medication related attitudes or on overall satisfaction with services of @entity0 or relatives but these findings rested on very few studies. Health economic outcome was only measured in one study and data were skewed. It was not possible to analyse whether different duration or formats of psychoeducation influenced effectiveness. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from trials suggests that psychoeducational approaches are useful as a part of the treatment programme for @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity3 . The fact that the interventions are brief and inexpensive should make them attractive to managers and policy makers. More well-designed, conducted and reported randomised studies investigating the efficacy of psychoeducation are needed.

title: Psychoeducation for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beta-blocker therapy has a proven mortality benefit in @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity2 , as well as during the perioperative period. These drugs have traditionally been considered contraindicated in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of cardioselective beta-blockers on respiratory function of @entity0 with @entity4 . SEARCH STRATEGY: A comprehensive search of EMBASE, MEDLINE and CINAHL was performed using the Cochrane Airways Group registry to identify randomised blinded controlled trials from 1966 to May 2001. The search was completed using the terms: asthma*, @entity9 *, respiratory sounds*, wheez*, @entity8 * or obstructive airway disease*, and adrenergic antagonist*, sympatholytic* or adrenergic receptor block*. We did not exclude trials on the basis of language. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised, blinded, controlled trials of single dose or longer duration that studied the effects of cardioselective beta-blockers on the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) or symptoms in @entity0 with @entity4 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two independent reviewers extracted data from the selected articles, reconciling differences by consensus. Two interventions studied were the administration of beta-blocker, given either as a single dose or for longer duration, and the use of @entity7 -agonist given after the study drug. MAIN RESULTS: Eleven studies of single-dose treatment and 8 of treatment for longer duration, ranging from 2 days to 12 weeks, met selection criteria. Cardioselective beta-blockers produced no statistically significant change in FEV1 or respiratory symptoms compared to placebo, given as a single dose (Weighted Mean Difference -2.05% [95% Confidence interval, -6.05 to 1.96%]) or for longer duration ( @entity6 .55% [95% CI, -5.94 to 0.84]), and did not significantly affect the FEV1 treatment response to @entity7 -agonists. Exacerbations and hospitalizations were recorded in all trials, but none occurred during the periods of study, in either group. A subgroup analysis revealed no significant change in results for those @entity0 with severe chronic @entity5 or for those with a reversible obstructive component. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence suggests that cardioselective beta-blockers, given to @entity0 with @entity4 do not produce a significant short-term reduction in airway function or in the incidence of @entity4 exacerbations. However, the trials were small and of short duration. Given their demonstrated benefit in conditions such as @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity1 , cardioselective beta-blockers should be considered for @entity0 with @entity4 , but administered with careful monitoring since data concerning long term administration and their effects during exacerbations are not available.

title: Cardioselective beta-blockers for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: We assessed the functional capacity of hypertrophied liver after portal vein ligation (PL) in a test group of @entity0 compared to a control group (without PL) having the same size liver. METHODS: The portal veins of the left and median lobes in the test group were ligated in an initial operation. Four days after the PL, the liver volume of the posterior caudate lobe (5%) increased two-fold, accounting for 10% of the liver. Then a 90% hepatectomy was performed, leaving only the hypertrophied posterior caudate lobe. @entity0 in a sham group underwent a 90% hepatectomy 4 days after having laparotomy, leaving the normal anterior and posterior caudate lobes (10%). RESULTS: The survival rate for the PL group was significantly higher than for the sham group at 4 days after hepatectomy (56.3 and 26.7%, P<0.05). The regeneration ratio and the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) labeling index in the PL group was markedly higher than in the sham group 24h after hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertrophied liver at 4 days after PL still showed @entity1 . Regenerating liver provided greater tolerance for extended hepatectomy than normal liver. This is because of the induced rapid regeneration of the remaining liver after hepatectomy.

title: Improved functional reserve of hypertrophied contra lateral liver after portal vein ligation in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 is the leading cause of disability in the United States. @entity8 is one of the causes of disability. Among @entity0 who survive this @entity5 , various degrees of recovery in brain function are observed. The molecular basis of functional recovery is poorly understood. Clinical observations and research using experimental injury models have implicated several metabolites in the cascade of events that lead to @entity8 . The levels of intracellular @entity10 (energy source) and pH are decreased, whereas levels of extracellular @entity11 , intracellular @entity7 ions, and oxidative damage to RNA/DNA, protein, and lipid are increased. These initiating events can be associated with energy failure and @entity12 , resulting in functional or structural @entity4 . The injured brain is known to express immediate early genes. Recent studies show that reactive @entity1 species (ROS) cause lesions in genes from which mRNA is transcribed as part of the endogenous neuroprotective response. Although degenerating proteins and lipids may contribute to @entity2 significantly after severe @entity3 in genetic material, if not repaired, disturb cellular function at every level by affecting replication, transcription, and translation. These lesions include abnormal nucleic acids, known as oxidative lesions of DNA (ODLs) or of RNA (ORLs). In this review, we focus on our current understanding of the various effects of neuronal @entity9 synthase on the formation of modified bases in DNA and RNA that are induced in the brain after injury, and how ODLs and ORLs affect cell function.

title: The association between neuronal XXXX synthase and neuronal sensitivity in the brain after brain injury.

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There is growing awareness of the significance of @entity1 in the general population and in the medical community and, as a result, there is a growing demand for diagnosis and treatment. Attended, in-laboratory polysomnography is resource intensive and not readily available in some communities. Alternate diagnostic strategies have been proposed including the use of home sleep studies. Although these portable systems have been in use for many years, only in the past few years have a significant number of studies been performed to evaluate these systems in the home setting. The use of actigraphy and peripheral arterial tonometry for diagnostic purposes has also recently been investigated. RECENT FINDINGS: In the laboratory setting, measurements of @entity2 with specific portable sleep systems correspond well with measurements provided by standard polysomnography. In the home setting, portable systems demonstrate several important limitations including lost or inadequate data collection, logistic concerns, and mildly reduced diagnostic accuracy. Data regarding the potential cost benefit of home studies is inconclusive. SUMMARY: Home polysomnography is a viable option for evaluating @entity0 with moderate or high clinical suspicion for @entity2 . However, @entity0 with failed or equivocal home studies and those with negative studies but persistent symptoms should undergo standard polysomnography. Further investigations are needed to compare long-term outcomes in @entity0 evaluated using portable devices versus standard polysomnography.

title: Role of portable sleep studies for diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sleep disturbances are frequent during pregnancy. The spectrum of association between pregnancy and sleep disturbances ranges from an increased incidence of @entity1 , nocturnal awakenings, and @entity8 (especially @entity7 ) to snoring and excessive @entity2 . These disturbances occur as a result of physiologic, hormonal, and physical changes associated with pregnancy. Although the timing and occurrence of different @entity2 varies, they are most prevalent during the third trimester. Despite reports of the various sleep problems, the exact nature and incidence of @entity2 in pregnancy is not known. Given that limitation, we are presenting an up-to-date review of the current understanding of the relation between sleep and pregnancy. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies suggest that pregnancy affects sleep in multiple ways. There are hormonal changes, physiologic changes, physical factors, and behavioral changes in a pregnant @entity0 -all of which may affect her sleep. They may affect the duration and @entity2 and lead to a variety of @entity2 . Pregnancy may also affect an existing @entity2 . Particular attention may be given to obese pregnant @entity0 who would gain more weight during pregnancy or those who develop @entity4 conditions (eg, @entity6 ). Snoring may be more common in @entity0 with @entity6 and the pressor responses to obstructive respiratory events during sleep may be enhanced in preeclamptic @entity0 when compared with those with @entity3 alone. Several investigators have suggested that @entity3 ( @entity3 ) may be common in pregnant @entity0 despite the presence of intrinsic mechanisms that seem to be geared towards preventing @entity5 . However, the exact incidence and prevalence of @entity5 in pregnant @entity0 is uncertain. In addition, it is unclear if criteria that are used to define @entity5 in the general population should be applied to pregnant @entity0 . Further investigations are needed to determine if lower thresholds for management of @entity3 should be used in pregnant @entity0 to prevent harm to the fetus. SUMMARY: In conclusion, sleep disturbances are common during pregnancy though the full extent of this relation remains undefined. Large, multi-center, prospective studies are needed for better understanding.

title: XXXX in pregnancy.

answer: @entity2