abstract: The SBG 2000-1 trial is a randomised study that investigates if dose-tailored adjuvant FEC therapy based on the individual's leukocyte nadir value can improve outcome. The study has included 1535 @entity1 with medium and high-risk @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: After a first standard dosed FEC course (5- @entity8 600 mg/m(2), @entity6 60 mg/mg(2) and @entity5 600 mg/m(2)), @entity1 who did not reach @entity7 grade III or IV were randomised to standard doses (group standard) or doses tailored to achieve @entity7 (group tailored) at courses 2-7. @entity1 who achieved @entity7 grade III or more after the first course were not randomised but continued on standard doses (group registered). RESULTS: Both planned and actually delivered number of courses (seven) were the same in all three arms. The relative dose intensity was increased by a factor of 1.31 (E 1.22, C 1.43) for @entity1 in the tailored arm compared to the expected on standard dose. Ninety percent of the @entity1 in the tailored arm achieved @entity7 grade III-IV compared with 29% among @entity1 randomised to standard dosed therapy. Dose tailoring was associated with acceptable acute non-haematological @entity2 with more @entity9 , @entity3 , @entity4 and fatigue. CONCLUSION: Dose tailoring according to @entity7 was feasible. It led to an increased dose intensity and was associated with acceptable excess of acute non-haematological @entity2 .

title: Dose-tailoring of FEC adjuvant chemotherapy based on XXXX is feasible and well tolerated. @entity2 and dose intensity in the Scandinavian Breast Group phase 3 adjuvant Trial SBG 2000-1.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity4 is the fourth cause of @entity1 in the United States. Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment, but most @entity0 present at diagnosis with unresectable or metastatic disease. Moreover, even with an R0 resection, the majority of @entity0 will die of disease recurrence. Most recurrences occur in the first 2-year after pancreatic resection, and are commonly located in the abdomen, even if distant metastases can occur. Recurrent @entity4 remains a significant therapeutic challenge, due to the limited role of surgery and radio-chemotherapy. Surgical management of recurrence is usually unreliable because @entity1 relapse typically presents as a technically unresectable, or as @entity2 with an @entity3 growth. Therefore, treatment of @entity0 with recurrent @entity4 has historically been limited to palliative chemotherapy or supportive care. Only few data are available in the Literature about this issue, even if in recent years more studies have been published to determine whether treatment after recurrence have any effect on @entity0 outcome. Recent therapeutic advances have demonstrated the potential to improve survival in selected @entity0 who had undergone resection for @entity4 . Multimodality management of recurrent @entity5 may lead to better survival and quality of life in a small but significant percentage of @entity0 ; however, more and larger studies are needed to clarify the role of the different therapeutic options and the optimal way to combine them.

title: Multimodality treatment of recurrent XXXX : Mith or reality?

answer: @entity4


abstract: In the heart in situ coronary flow stimulates @entity0 consumption, glycolytic flux, myocardial contractility, and the release of bioactive substances. Studies have indicated that the coronary flow-enhanced contraction is similar to a hormonelike effect because the enhanced contraction results from an elevation in intracellular free @entity2 . In fact, if extracellular @entity2 is raised sufficiently, the contraction amplitude rises and remains constant and independent of coronary flow. We hypothesized that coronary flow could also stimulate other @entity2 -dependent cardiac functions such as @entity1 ( @entity1 ) transmission. This hypothesis was tested in isolated @entity3 hearts perfused at constant flow. Our results show that increases in coronary flow (6-25 ml/min range) decrease the @entity1 delay solely as a result of reduced propagation time in the @entity1 node and not in @entity8 . When coronary vascular resistance was altered by dilation ( @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity4 ) or by constriction (angiotensin II), this dromotropic effect of flow remained the same despite wide changes in perfusing pressure. Also, this dromotropic effect of flow was not altered by energy-altering substrates in the perfusate or by perfusion of @entity4 receptor blockers. Furthermore, the effectiveness of flow as a dromotropic stimulus varied inversely with changes in @entity2 entry caused either by elevation or reduction of extracellular @entity2 . In addition, enhanced viscosity of the perfusing medium amplifies the positive dromotropic effect of flow. These results suggest that coronary flow is a stimulus that exerts a positive dromotropic effect mediated by shear stress.

title: Coronary flow stimulates XXXX transmission in the isolated perfused @entity3 heart.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In the heart in situ coronary flow stimulates @entity0 consumption, glycolytic flux, myocardial contractility, and the release of bioactive substances. Studies have indicated that the coronary flow-enhanced contraction is similar to a hormonelike effect because the enhanced contraction results from an elevation in intracellular free @entity2 . In fact, if extracellular @entity2 is raised sufficiently, the contraction amplitude rises and remains constant and independent of coronary flow. We hypothesized that coronary flow could also stimulate other @entity2 -dependent cardiac functions such as @entity1 ( @entity1 ) transmission. This hypothesis was tested in isolated @entity3 hearts perfused at constant flow. Our results show that increases in coronary flow (6-25 ml/min range) decrease the @entity1 delay solely as a result of reduced propagation time in the @entity1 node and not in @entity8 . When coronary vascular resistance was altered by dilation ( @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity4 ) or by constriction (angiotensin II), this dromotropic effect of flow remained the same despite wide changes in perfusing pressure. Also, this dromotropic effect of flow was not altered by energy-altering substrates in the perfusate or by perfusion of @entity4 receptor blockers. Furthermore, the effectiveness of flow as a dromotropic stimulus varied inversely with changes in @entity2 entry caused either by elevation or reduction of extracellular @entity2 . In addition, enhanced viscosity of the perfusing medium amplifies the positive dromotropic effect of flow. These results suggest that coronary flow is a stimulus that exerts a positive dromotropic effect mediated by shear stress.

title: Coronary flow stimulates @entity1 transmission in the isolated perfused XXXX heart.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We investigated the effect of preconditioning on the @entity1 -induced depletion of @entity2 in the blood-perfused @entity0 heart. Isolated hearts (n = 5/group) were aerobically perfused with whole blood from a support @entity0 and subjected to zero-flow global @entity1 (37 degrees C) for periods up to 35 min. Frozen hearts were taken for metabolic analysis. @entity1 contracture was assessed with an isovolumic intraventricular balloon. The study groups were 1) control (C) with unprotected @entity1 , 2) preconditioning (PC; 2 cycles of 3-min @entity1 /3-min reperfusion), and 3) cardioplegia (CP; St. Thomas') before @entity1 . Preconditioning accelerated, whereas cardioplegia delayed, @entity3 (time to peak contracture: PC = 8.1 +/- 0.3 and CP = 25.1 +/- 0.2 min vs. C = 15.6 +/- 0.3 min, P < 0.05). The @entity1 -induced decline in @entity2 was delayed by cardioplegia but accelerated by preconditioning (P < 0.05). In a parallel study, preconditioning and cardioplegia protected postischemic contractile function to a similar extent. Thus, in the blood-perfused @entity0 heart, preconditioning accelerated @entity3 and depletion of @entity2 . In contrast, cardioplegia slowed @entity3 and @entity2 depletion.

title: Preconditioning accelerates contracture and XXXX depletion in blood-perfused @entity0 hearts.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We investigated the effect of preconditioning on the @entity1 -induced depletion of @entity2 in the blood-perfused @entity0 heart. Isolated hearts (n = 5/group) were aerobically perfused with whole blood from a support @entity0 and subjected to zero-flow global @entity1 (37 degrees C) for periods up to 35 min. Frozen hearts were taken for metabolic analysis. @entity1 contracture was assessed with an isovolumic intraventricular balloon. The study groups were 1) control (C) with unprotected @entity1 , 2) preconditioning (PC; 2 cycles of 3-min @entity1 /3-min reperfusion), and 3) cardioplegia (CP; St. Thomas') before @entity1 . Preconditioning accelerated, whereas cardioplegia delayed, @entity3 (time to peak contracture: PC = 8.1 +/- 0.3 and CP = 25.1 +/- 0.2 min vs. C = 15.6 +/- 0.3 min, P < 0.05). The @entity1 -induced decline in @entity2 was delayed by cardioplegia but accelerated by preconditioning (P < 0.05). In a parallel study, preconditioning and cardioplegia protected postischemic contractile function to a similar extent. Thus, in the blood-perfused @entity0 heart, preconditioning accelerated @entity3 and depletion of @entity2 . In contrast, cardioplegia slowed @entity3 and @entity2 depletion.

title: Preconditioning accelerates contracture and @entity2 depletion in blood-perfused XXXX hearts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: This pilot study explored health professionals' and @entity0 ' perceptions of @entity1 through the development of the @entity1 Semantic Differential Scales (DSDS). These scales evaluate the meaning of @entity1 . METHODS: Health professionals (n = 39) attending a CME course completed the health professional version of the DSDS. @entity0 (n = 70) completed the @entity0 version of the DSDS. RESULTS: The reliability of the DSDS was supported. The scale scores of health professionals, African American @entity0 , and Caucasian @entity0 , examined initially by one-way analyses of variance, showed significant differences among the groups for 4 of the 18 @entity1 concepts. Effect sizes were also examined among these groups. For 7 concepts, there was a significant practical difference between the perceptions of the health professionals and the African American @entity0 . For the Caucasian @entity0 , differences were noted for 6 concepts. CONCLUSIONS: There are 3 primary inferences from this pilot study. First, health professionals and @entity0 are likely to hold different perceptions of key @entity1 concepts. Second, the concepts on which professionals and @entity0 differ are not always what one would expect. Third, health professionals should clarify @entity0 ' understanding of @entity1 to minimize the potential for miscommunication.

title: Measuring perceptions of XXXX : a preliminary study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 is a zoonosis of economic importance that reduces productivity in livestock enterprises as it induces abortion in infected animals. A study was designed aimed at detecting Brucella in blood and lymph node specimens from @entity3 by the use of real-time PCR in Iran. Sample collection and DNA extraction were done on blood (n = 135) and lymph node (n = 135) samples collected from 135 @entity3 (abattoir survey) from both sexes at various ages in different seasons. The real-time PCR for species differentiation was based on unique genetic loci of @entity1 and @entity2 . The regions were chosen for the construction of primers and TaqMan   probes for species differentiation: BMEII0466 gene for @entity1 and Bru-Ab2_0168 gene for @entity2 . Brucella spp. were identified in 18 (13.33%) blood samples and 4 (2.97%) lymph node samples. This method showed to be effective in detecting @entity2 and @entity1 in blood and lymph samples respectively. @entity2 was detected in 3 (2.22%) blood samples but was however, not detected in the lymph node samples. @entity1 was only observed in 4 (2.97%) lymph node samples. Significant differences were observed on the blood prevalence of unknown Brucella spp. in different age groups and seasons (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences observed on the prevalence of @entity2 , @entity1 , unknown Brucella spp. in different age groups, sex and seasons (P > 0.05). Therefore, Brucella was detected in apparent healthy @entity3 slaughtered at an abattoir in Iran and this recommends the significance of the detection of Brucella in @entity3 , since the infected @entity3 appear to be healthy.

title: Molecular study of XXXX in @entity3 by the use of TaqMan   real-time PCR.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 is a zoonosis of economic importance that reduces productivity in livestock enterprises as it induces abortion in infected animals. A study was designed aimed at detecting Brucella in blood and lymph node specimens from @entity3 by the use of real-time PCR in Iran. Sample collection and DNA extraction were done on blood (n = 135) and lymph node (n = 135) samples collected from 135 @entity3 (abattoir survey) from both sexes at various ages in different seasons. The real-time PCR for species differentiation was based on unique genetic loci of @entity1 and @entity2 . The regions were chosen for the construction of primers and TaqMan   probes for species differentiation: BMEII0466 gene for @entity1 and Bru-Ab2_0168 gene for @entity2 . Brucella spp. were identified in 18 (13.33%) blood samples and 4 (2.97%) lymph node samples. This method showed to be effective in detecting @entity2 and @entity1 in blood and lymph samples respectively. @entity2 was detected in 3 (2.22%) blood samples but was however, not detected in the lymph node samples. @entity1 was only observed in 4 (2.97%) lymph node samples. Significant differences were observed on the blood prevalence of unknown Brucella spp. in different age groups and seasons (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences observed on the prevalence of @entity2 , @entity1 , unknown Brucella spp. in different age groups, sex and seasons (P > 0.05). Therefore, Brucella was detected in apparent healthy @entity3 slaughtered at an abattoir in Iran and this recommends the significance of the detection of Brucella in @entity3 , since the infected @entity3 appear to be healthy.

title: Molecular study of @entity0 in XXXX by the use of TaqMan   real-time PCR.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine what assisted reproductive technologies (ART) policies, if any, have been instituted in response to an increasingly overweight and @entity1 @entity0 population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: University-affiliated IVF clinic. @entity0 (S): @entity0 in the overweight and @entity1 body mass index (BMI) categories seeking ART treatments. INTERVENTION(S): Anonymous survey sent to medical directors at 395 IVF centers listed in Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Assessment of recommendations, policies, and restrictions for @entity0 who are overweight/ @entity1 and who desire treatment for @entity2 , including in IVF, IUI, and donor egg cycles. RESULT(S): Seventy-seven anonymous responses were received (19.5% response rate): 64.9% of centers have a formal policy for @entity1 , and 84% of those have a maximum BMI at which they will perform IVF, while 38% of those have a maximum BMI for performing IUI; 64.6% of respondents reported anesthesia requirements/concerns as the primary criteria for @entity0 exclusion. Other primary considerations included safety during ongoing pregnancy and ART outcomes. CONCLUSION(S): Centers that have policies regarding @entity1 and access to ART consider efficacy, procedural safety, safety in pregnancy, and overall health status. Policies vary widely. The @entity0 's autonomy must be balanced with nonmaleficence and the avoidance of interventions that may be unsafe both immediately and long term.

title: Survey assessing XXXX policies for assisted reproductive technology in the United States.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Adverse events and associated morbidity and subsequent costs receive increasing attention in clinical practice and research. As opposed to complications, errors are not described or analysed in literature on @entity2 surgery. The aim of this study was to provide a description of errors and complications in relation to @entity2 surgery, as well as the circumstances in which they occur, for example urgency, type of surgeon, and type of @entity2 . METHODS: All errors and complications were recorded prospectively in our hospital's complication registry, which forms an integral part of the electronic medical @entity0 file. All recorded errors and complications in the complication registry linked to @entity2 surgery between 1 January, 2000 and 31 December, 2010 were analysed. RESULTS: During the study period 4310 osteosynthesis procedures were performed. In 78 (1.8  %) procedures an error in osteosynthesis was registered. The number of procedures in which an error occurred was significantly lower (OR  =  0.53; p  =  0.007) when an orthopaedic @entity1 surgeon was part of the operating team. Of all 3758 @entity0 who were admitted to the surgical ward for osteosynthesis, 745 (19.8  %) had one or more @entity3 registered. There was no significant difference in the number of @entity3 after osteosynthesis procedures in which an orthopaedic @entity1 surgeon was present or absent (16.7 vs. 19.1  %; p  =  0.088; OR 0.85). DISCUSSION: In the present study the true error rate after osteosynthesis may have been higher than the rate found. Errors that had no significant consequence may be especially susceptible to underreporting. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that an osteosynthesis procedure performed by or actively assisted by an orthopaedic @entity1 surgeon decreases the probability of an error in osteosynthesis. Apart from errors in osteosynthesis, the involvement of an orthopaedic @entity1 surgeon did not lead to a significant @entity3 .

title: Technical errors and complications in orthopaedic XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) measurements are essential in evaluation and treatment of @entity1 such as subarachnoid and @entity10 , @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity8 / @entity4 , and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The techniques of @entity7 monitoring have evolved from invasive to non-invasive-with both limitations and advantages. Some limitations of the invasive methods include short-term monitoring, risk of @entity5 , restricted mobility of the subject, etc. The invasiveness of a method limits the frequency of @entity7 evaluation in neurological conditions like @entity9 , thus hampering the long-term care of @entity0 with compromised @entity7 . Thus, there has been substantial interest in developing noninvasive techniques for assessment of @entity7 . Several approaches were reported, although none seem to provide a complete solution due to inaccuracy. @entity7 measurements are fundamental for immediate care of @entity3 @entity0 in the acute stages of severe @entity3 . In severe @entity3 , @entity7 is associated with mortality or poor clinical outcome. @entity7 monitoring in conjunction with other neurological monitoring can aid in understanding the pathophysiology of @entity2 . This review article presents: (a) the significance of @entity7 monitoring; (b) @entity7 monitoring methods (invasive and non-invasive); and

title: Advances in Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and Its Significance in Managing XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The existence of intracrystalline proteins and @entity4 in @entity7 was demonstrated by X-ray synchrotron diffraction studies. Their presence has implications for the destruction of @entity7 crystals formed in the urinary tract and the prevention of @entity3 . INTRODUCTION: Although proteins are present in @entity0 @entity3 , their role in stone pathogenesis remains unknown. This investigation aimed to characterize the nature of the relationship between the organic and mineral phases in @entity7 ( @entity10 ) crystals grown in @entity0 urine and in aqueous solutions of proteins and @entity4 to clarify the function of proteins in @entity5 . METHODS: @entity10 crystals were grown in @entity0 urine and in aqueous solutions containing either @entity0 prothrombin (PT), Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THG), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity6 dimer (Asp @entity6 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity2 dimer (GluGlu), or @entity11 ( @entity9 ). Controls consisted of @entity10 crystals precipitated from pure inorganic solutions or from @entity0 urine that had been ultrafiltered to remove macromolecules. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction with Rietveld whole-pattern peak fitting and profile analysis was used to determine nonuniform crystal strain and crystallite size in polycrystalline samples. RESULTS: Crystals precipitated from ultrafiltered urine had lower nonuniform strain than those grown in urine or in aqueous PT solution. @entity8 was much lower in crystals grown in distilled water or in the presence of @entity1 . For the @entity4 , the highest nonuniform strain was exhibited by crystals grown in @entity9 solution, followed by @entity2 . Crystallite size was inversely related to nonuniform strain, with the effect being significantly less for @entity4 than for macromolecules. CONCLUSIONS: Selected proteins and @entity4 associated with @entity10 crystals are intracrystalline. Although their incorporation into the mineral bulk would be expected to affect the rate of crystal growth, they also have the potential to influence the phagocytosis and intracellular destruction of any crystals nucleated and trapped within the renal collecting system. Crystals impregnated with protein would be more susceptible to digestion by cellular proteases, which would provide access to the crystal core, thereby facilitating further proteolytic degradation and mineral dissolution. We therefore propose that intracrystalline proteins may constitute a natural form of defense against @entity3 formation.

title: Intracrystalline proteins and XXXX : a synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The existence of intracrystalline proteins and @entity4 in @entity7 was demonstrated by X-ray synchrotron diffraction studies. Their presence has implications for the destruction of @entity7 crystals formed in the urinary tract and the prevention of @entity3 . INTRODUCTION: Although proteins are present in @entity0 @entity3 , their role in stone pathogenesis remains unknown. This investigation aimed to characterize the nature of the relationship between the organic and mineral phases in @entity7 ( @entity10 ) crystals grown in @entity0 urine and in aqueous solutions of proteins and @entity4 to clarify the function of proteins in @entity5 . METHODS: @entity10 crystals were grown in @entity0 urine and in aqueous solutions containing either @entity0 prothrombin (PT), Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THG), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity6 dimer (Asp @entity6 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity2 dimer (GluGlu), or @entity11 ( @entity9 ). Controls consisted of @entity10 crystals precipitated from pure inorganic solutions or from @entity0 urine that had been ultrafiltered to remove macromolecules. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction with Rietveld whole-pattern peak fitting and profile analysis was used to determine nonuniform crystal strain and crystallite size in polycrystalline samples. RESULTS: Crystals precipitated from ultrafiltered urine had lower nonuniform strain than those grown in urine or in aqueous PT solution. @entity8 was much lower in crystals grown in distilled water or in the presence of @entity1 . For the @entity4 , the highest nonuniform strain was exhibited by crystals grown in @entity9 solution, followed by @entity2 . Crystallite size was inversely related to nonuniform strain, with the effect being significantly less for @entity4 than for macromolecules. CONCLUSIONS: Selected proteins and @entity4 associated with @entity10 crystals are intracrystalline. Although their incorporation into the mineral bulk would be expected to affect the rate of crystal growth, they also have the potential to influence the phagocytosis and intracellular destruction of any crystals nucleated and trapped within the renal collecting system. Crystals impregnated with protein would be more susceptible to digestion by cellular proteases, which would provide access to the crystal core, thereby facilitating further proteolytic degradation and mineral dissolution. We therefore propose that intracrystalline proteins may constitute a natural form of defense against @entity3 formation.

title: Intracrystalline proteins and @entity5 : a synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Lymphatic drainage from the breast is principally to the @entity4 . In @entity1 with @entity0 the status of the nodes in the axilla is an important prognostic factor and can be used to determine local and systemic treatment. Clinical assessment of the node status is unreliable and imaging techniques, though promising, are at present not practical. The standard policy for management of the axilla is axillary clearance (either level II or III), which is justified by the fact that in both stages the armpit is treated. In those node-negative cases, however, it is an unnecessary operation and is linked to some morbidity. Various methods to obtain nodes for histologic evaluation in an attempt to stage the axilla have been tried. A pectoral node biopsy, where a single node is taken from the axillary tail, has been proven to be unreliable. A triple-node biopsy (pectoral, apical, internal mammary) provides excellent prognostic data but is difficult to perform in @entity1 treated by breast conservation. Four-node sampling has been assessed in Edinburgh in two randomized trials comparing node sampling to level III axillary clearance. The four-node sampling technique was shown to be reliable for staging the axilla, and in node-negative cases no further treatment is required. Detailed morbidity has been evaluated in @entity1 who underwent axillary dissection, and node sampling plus radiation and node sampling without radiation demonstrated that those with node sampling had the least morbidity. Those with radiation have reduced movement around the shoulder joint, and the axillary dissection group have @entity2 and slightly reduced abduction. Sentinel node biopsy is presently being evaluated in several centers by randomized studies. Several large series have shown the method to be accurate (98%) when the sentinel node is identified (about 90% of cases). Sentinel node biopsy should routinely enter the field of axilla surgery and thus @entity1 without clinically recognized disease avoid overtreatment when the sentinel node is free of @entity3 .

title: Sentinel lymph-node biopsy qualification in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 of the uterine cervix are uncommon. @entity6 in non-pregnant @entity0 rarely are of clinical significance and their complications include pressure effects on the bladder or urethra, degenerative phenomema and @entity3 . We present a case of 46-year-old female, gravida 2, para 1 who was presented in the gynaecological emergency room with the chief complaint of profound @entity5 over the previous three weeks with recent passage of clots. Pregnancy test was negative. She suffered from profound @entity1 and @entity2 . On examination, her abdomen was soft, non-tender, and without rebound, guarding or palpable masses. Bimanual examination was notable for the presence of a large firm mass fixed to the uterine cervix. The cervix was 8 cm dilated and the body of the uterus was felt separate from the mass. The sonographic findings were consistent with a large cervical @entity4 . Subtotal hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy was performed and the @entity0 's postoperative course was uneventful. In conclusion, in the present case the cause of the heavy @entity5 was a primary cervical fibroid as the uterus attempted to abort it.

title: Clinical considerations and sonographic findings of a large nonpedunculated primary cervical XXXX complicated by heavy vaginal haemorrhage: a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The author submits his 25-year experience with the diagnosis of @entity5 in 36 @entity0 . He evaluates the clinical picture by discrimination analysis of subjective symptoms and objective signs of the disease. @entity1 --by 24-hour monitoring of the blood pressure. In case of slight elevation of @entity6 he uses the Estulice test. In liminal cases @entity0 are dispensarised. Due to a higher frequency of CT examinations in @entity8 @entity0 findings of @entity4 of the adrenals cumulate which are hormonally inactive. Gammagraphy can in that case confirm a functionally active @entity5 , it can however produce also a falsely positive finding with an extraadrenal localization. Non-invasive detection of the site of a @entity5 (computed tomography, ultrasonography, @entity9 gammagraphy, the finding of an increased @entity7 production) suffices for indication of surgical treatment. The author tries to avoid invasive examinations (angiography), as well as pharmacological provocation tests. Symptoms of @entity7 @entity2 can simulate the electrocardiographic finding of @entity3 which makes decision taking on the therapeutic procedure more difficult. After alpha-blockers and in particular after a successful operation the electrocardiographic changes are restored to normal. After early assessment of the diagnosis and surgery the disease has at present a favourable prognosis.

title: [25 years' experience with diagnosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The author presents his experience assembled in a short-term (two-week) therapeutic trial with @entity4 ointment, which contains @entity3 , in 50 @entity0 with primary localized periarticular and muscular @entity2 . The preparation was used locally three times per day-2-3 cm of ointment pressed from a tube. The @entity0 were given a form in which they recorded every night the effect classified in four grades from the best to zero effect. In 49 the tolerance of the ointment was very good. In 45 @entity0 a therapeutic effect was achieved (90%), comprising 21 (42%) where the effect was excellent, in 24 it was good or satisfactory (48%) and only in 5 @entity0 no effect was recorded or the patents' statement was vague. In the first group of 21 @entity0 16 were able to abandon analgetic and anti-inflammatory treatment with non- @entity1 antirheumatics. @entity0 with the muscular form of @entity2 practically agreed in favour of the ointment. Gels according to these @entity0 tissues. The authors remind that according to their experience gels, incl. Mobilisin, are suited for periarticular forms of @entity2 . It is also useful to rub the ointment in micro-massage to achieve a greater initial hyperaemia and better resorption. Mobilisin ointment may prove useful also in other disciplines, in particular orthopaedics, surgery, traumatology, neurology, rehabilitation and sports medicine.

title: [Non-steroidal antirheumatic ointments in the treatment of primary periarticular and intramuscular XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: We investigated the associations between @entity1 and some housing- and individual-related variables using the canonical correspondence analysis (CCOA) method in lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy @entity0 . We collected a total of 5200 5-min interbeat interval (IBI) samples from 260 animals on five commercial dairy farms [smaller-scale farms with 70 (Farm 1, n = 50) and 80 @entity0 per farm (Farm 2, n = 40), and larger-scale farms with 850 (Farm 3, n = 66), 1900 (Farm 4, n = 60) and 1200 (Farm 5, n = 45) @entity0 . Dependent variables included HRV parameters, which reflect the activity of the autonomic nervous system: heart rate (HR), the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) in IBIs, the standard deviation 1 (SD1), the high frequency (HF) component of HRV and the ratio between the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and the HF parameter ( @entity3 /HF). Explanatory variables were group size, space allowance, milking frequency, parity, daily milk yield, body condition score, locomotion score, farm, season and physical activity (lying, lying and rumination, standing, standing and rumination and feeding). Physical activity involved in standing, feeding and in rumination was associated with HRV parameters, indicating a decreasing sympathetic and an increasing vagal tone in the following order: feeding, standing, standing and rumination, lying and rumination, lying. Objects representing summer positioned close to HR and @entity3 and far from SD1, RMSSD and HF indicate a higher sympathetic and a lower vagal activity. Objects representing autumn, spring and winter associated with increasing vagal activity, in this order. Time-domain measures of HRV were associated with most of the housing- and individual-related explanatory variables. Higher HR and lower RMSSD and SD1 were associated with higher group size, milking frequency, parity and milk yield, and low space allowance. Higher parity and milk yield were associated with higher sympathetic activity as well (higher @entity3 /HF), while individuals with lower locomotion scores (lower degree of @entity2 ) were characterized with a higher sympathetic and a lower vagal tone (higher HR and @entity3 /HF and lower RMSSD and SD1). Our findings indicate that the CCOA method is useful in demonstrating associations between HRV and selected explanatory variables. We consider physical activity, space allowance, group size, milking frequency, parity, daily milk yield, locomotion score and season to be the most important variables in further HRV studies on dairy @entity0 .

title: Associations between Heart Rate Variability Parameters and Housing- and Individual-Related Variables in Dairy XXXX Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The spectrum of causes of @entity3 ranges from microscopically recognizable damage to the parenchymal cells of the @entity2 choledochus und papilla Vateri. Liver biopsy on the one hand and ERCP on the other therefore constitute the morphological methods that come closest to the pathological substrate. Obligatory sonography serves the restriction of diagnosis to a large extent. Laparoscopy is nearly always dispensable. Even in case of liver biopsy the therapeutic consequences should have an influence. Consequently, for transpapillary endoscopic methods in @entity5 it is essential to remove the obstruction (papillotomy and extraction of the @entity4 or nasobiliary probe or intraluminal tube) if possible in one and the same session. The purely diagnostic ERC possibly causes @entity1 in mechanical icterus. Transpapillary and percutaneous transhepatic endoscopic methods are becoming more and more sophisticated and new indications are being discovered. However, the results of sonography and endoscopy in @entity5 depend very much on the equipment available and experience of the investigator. He should realistically estimate what he is able to do as well as the @entity0 ' chances of recovery. In addition he should maintain contact to large departments of surgery and endoscopy.

title: [Endoscopy in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Eighty-eight @entity0 with @entity2 seen at the Rigshospital, Copenhagen during the period 1.5.1989-1.5.1994 were retrospectively studied. There were 64 females and 24 males. The average age was 54 years. Seventy-nine @entity0 were operated (six with subtotal and 73 with total thyroidectomy). Thirty-six (46%) had had previous thyroid operations and 12 of these @entity0 had preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsies performed. The second operation thyroidectomy specimen contained @entity1 in 14 (39%) of the 36 @entity0 . Forty-nine @entity0 (62%) had different types of modified neck dissection performed under the operation and 31 (39%) of the operated @entity0 had lymph-node-metastases. Among the @entity0 who were operated at the department there were no accidental permanent recurrent @entity4 . Among the 36 @entity0 who were operated at other departments there were four (11%) accidental recurrent @entity4 from the primary operation. Twenty (25%) of the 79 operated @entity0 developed @entity3 .

title: [Complications after surgical treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on 168 consecutive primary operable @entity0 and the results correlated with @entity4 labeling, @entity3 receptor (ER) and @entity5 receptor values, and various histologic parameters. Seventy-five @entity2 (45.0%) were diploid and 93 (55.0%) aneuploid. In 83.9% of @entity2 , the DNA index fell between 1.1 and 2.0. Thirteen @entity2 were hypertetraploid and three hypodiploid. The percent of S-phase @entity2 (SpF) varied from 1.1% to 24.4%, with a mean of 8.0% and a median of 7.1%. The mean SpF of @entity2 was 5.2%; of @entity2 , 10.3%. There was no significant correlation between SpF or ploidy and @entity2 size or axillary lymph node status. The @entity4 labeling index (TLI) varied from 0.2 to 23.1, with a mean of 7.5 and a median of 6.1. There was good correlation between TLI and SpF (r = 0.892, P = 0.0001). ER-negative @entity2 had a significantly higher mean SpF (10.3%) than did ER-positive @entity2 (6.7%), but there was no significant correlation between ploidy and receptor positivity or negativity. There was a good correlation between @entity1 , poor cytologic differentiation, aneuploidy, and above-median SpF. Only a fair correlation was observed between mitotic rate and SpF. A classification of invasive @entity0 based on ploidy and SpF is proposed.

title: A proposed classification of @entity0 based on kinetic information: derived from a comparison of risk factors in 168 primary operable XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on 168 consecutive primary operable @entity0 and the results correlated with @entity4 labeling, @entity3 receptor (ER) and @entity5 receptor values, and various histologic parameters. Seventy-five @entity2 (45.0%) were diploid and 93 (55.0%) aneuploid. In 83.9% of @entity2 , the DNA index fell between 1.1 and 2.0. Thirteen @entity2 were hypertetraploid and three hypodiploid. The percent of S-phase @entity2 (SpF) varied from 1.1% to 24.4%, with a mean of 8.0% and a median of 7.1%. The mean SpF of @entity2 was 5.2%; of @entity2 , 10.3%. There was no significant correlation between SpF or ploidy and @entity2 size or axillary lymph node status. The @entity4 labeling index (TLI) varied from 0.2 to 23.1, with a mean of 7.5 and a median of 6.1. There was good correlation between TLI and SpF (r = 0.892, P = 0.0001). ER-negative @entity2 had a significantly higher mean SpF (10.3%) than did ER-positive @entity2 (6.7%), but there was no significant correlation between ploidy and receptor positivity or negativity. There was a good correlation between @entity1 , poor cytologic differentiation, aneuploidy, and above-median SpF. Only a fair correlation was observed between mitotic rate and SpF. A classification of invasive @entity0 based on ploidy and SpF is proposed.

title: A proposed classification of XXXX based on kinetic information: derived from a comparison of risk factors in 168 primary operable @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy compared with placebo in the treatment of @entity2 . DESIGN: Randomised, blinded, multicentre trial with parallel group design. SETTING: Nine hospitals and one outpatient clinic in Germany. @entity0 : 272 @entity0 with @entity2 recalcitrant to conservative therapy for at least six months: 135 @entity0 were allocated extracorporeal shock wave therapy and 137 were allocated placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary end point was the success rate 12 weeks after intervention based on the Roles and Maudsley score. Secondary end points encompassed subjective @entity1 ratings and walking ability up to a year after the last intervention. RESULTS: The primary end point could be assessed in 94% (n=256) of @entity0 . The success rate 12 weeks after intervention was 34% (n=43) in the extracorporeal shock wave therapy group and 30% (n=39) in the placebo group (95% confidence interval - 8.0% to 15.1%). No difference was found in the secondary end points. Few side effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy is ineffective in the treatment of @entity2 .

title: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for XXXX : randomised controlled multicentre trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been reported to produce a high incidence of complete regression of epithelial @entity1 of the anal canal, resulting in prolonged disease-free survival. This modality has been advocated as an alternative to abdominoperineal resection as a primary treatment for this disease. Our group treated 19 @entity0 between 1979 and 1985. Treatment included two infusions of @entity5 (1000 mg/m2/24 hours), one dose of @entity4 (15 mg/m2), and simultaneous whole-pelvis radiation (3000 rad). The complete response rate was 88%. Three @entity0 had @entity1 incompletely controlled by that therapy. They underwent abdominoperineal resections and are alive without disease at 10, 39, and 43 months, respectively. Actuarial disease-free survival at 40 months was 87.5 +/- 8.8 (% +/- standard error of the mean [SEM]). Complications included gastrointestinal, hematologic, and cutaneous @entity2 . These results confirmed a high complete response rate to this therapy. @entity3 may occur, but these may be salvaged with abdominoperineal resection.

title: Combined chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery for epithelial XXXX of the anal canal.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Holter monitoring (HM) of the electrocardiogram (ECG) is used currently for the management of @entity0 with ventricular @entity3 ( @entity3 ). It makes it possible to detect inconstant @entity3 which is considered a marker of a favourable clinical development. HM of ECG is not suitable for the detection of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 with @entity3 , as their presence is detected only exceptionally during HM. It can be used for the detection of other disorders of the cardiac rhythm than @entity4 , in particular in supraventricular and @entity2 (SVES and VES). Frequent SVES and VES detected during HM can as potential triggers of @entity4 indicate a higher risk of these @entity1 . HM is used for the objectivization of relatively frequent, sometimes quite polymorphous subjective complaints of @entity0 with @entity3 . Subjective data of these @entity0 are very unreliable and from these data it is not possible to draw conclusions on the presence or absence of disorders of the cardiac rhythm. HM of ECG is not a suitable method for the evaluation of the effectiveness of medicamentous antiarrhythmic treatment of @entity4 because of their considerable spontaneous variability. It may be, however, used partly for the evaluation of success of radiofrequency ablation treatment. Evaluation of long-term ambulatory ECG Holter tracings in @entity0 with @entity3 is more complicated and more time consuming than in subjects without @entity3 . In any case it is essential that the record should be evaluated by an experienced physician with sufficient knowledge in arrhythmology.

title: [Electrocardiographic Holter monitoring in XXXX with ventricular pre-excitation: possibilities of its uses and pitfalls].

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose is to determine whether a novel cell cycle marker, @entity4 ( @entity4 ), predicted @entity2 ( @entity2 ) risk in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and whether this could be used in combination with a surface sampling method. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Archival specimens [30 normal squamous esophagus (NE), 20 gastric antrum (GA), 13 duodenum (D2), 62 @entity1 +/- @entity3 , and 16 ( @entity2 )] were stained for @entity4 . Sequential biopsies from nine @entity0 who developed @entity2 during surveillance were compared with 18 matched controls who did not progress. Prospective endoscopic cytological brushings (61 NE, 90 @entity1 +/- @entity3 , and 11 @entity2 ) were scored as @entity4 positive or negative. RESULTS: @entity4 was not expressed on the luminal surface of NE, GA, and D2. In @entity1 , the percentage of surface cells expressing @entity4 correlated highly with the degree of @entity3 (P < 0.0001). In @entity0 who developed @entity2 , biopsies before @entity3 had higher @entity4 expression than the matched control @entity0 (mean, 28.4 and 3.4% positive cells, respectively, P < 0.0001). In the prospective cohort, the histopathological diagnosis of @entity3 or @entity2 and the @entity4 -positive brushings were concordant in 91% of the @entity0 (P < 0.005), and the results correlated with the frequency of cases with surface expression of @entity4 in the retrospective study (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Surface expression of @entity4 can be used to detect @entity3 and @entity2 , as well as @entity0 with @entity1 at risk for subsequent development of @entity3 and @entity2 . A brushing technique combined with @entity4 staining has the potential to be exploited in surveillance and screening protocols.

title: Surface expression of minichromosome maintenance proteins provides a novel method for detecting @entity0 at risk for developing XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose is to determine whether a novel cell cycle marker, @entity4 ( @entity4 ), predicted @entity2 ( @entity2 ) risk in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and whether this could be used in combination with a surface sampling method. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Archival specimens [30 normal squamous esophagus (NE), 20 gastric antrum (GA), 13 duodenum (D2), 62 @entity1 +/- @entity3 , and 16 ( @entity2 )] were stained for @entity4 . Sequential biopsies from nine @entity0 who developed @entity2 during surveillance were compared with 18 matched controls who did not progress. Prospective endoscopic cytological brushings (61 NE, 90 @entity1 +/- @entity3 , and 11 @entity2 ) were scored as @entity4 positive or negative. RESULTS: @entity4 was not expressed on the luminal surface of NE, GA, and D2. In @entity1 , the percentage of surface cells expressing @entity4 correlated highly with the degree of @entity3 (P < 0.0001). In @entity0 who developed @entity2 , biopsies before @entity3 had higher @entity4 expression than the matched control @entity0 (mean, 28.4 and 3.4% positive cells, respectively, P < 0.0001). In the prospective cohort, the histopathological diagnosis of @entity3 or @entity2 and the @entity4 -positive brushings were concordant in 91% of the @entity0 (P < 0.005), and the results correlated with the frequency of cases with surface expression of @entity4 in the retrospective study (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Surface expression of @entity4 can be used to detect @entity3 and @entity2 , as well as @entity0 with @entity1 at risk for subsequent development of @entity3 and @entity2 . A brushing technique combined with @entity4 staining has the potential to be exploited in surveillance and screening protocols.

title: Surface expression of minichromosome maintenance proteins provides a novel method for detecting @entity0 at risk for developing @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose is to determine whether a novel cell cycle marker, @entity4 ( @entity4 ), predicted @entity2 ( @entity2 ) risk in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and whether this could be used in combination with a surface sampling method. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Archival specimens [30 normal squamous esophagus (NE), 20 gastric antrum (GA), 13 duodenum (D2), 62 @entity1 +/- @entity3 , and 16 ( @entity2 )] were stained for @entity4 . Sequential biopsies from nine @entity0 who developed @entity2 during surveillance were compared with 18 matched controls who did not progress. Prospective endoscopic cytological brushings (61 NE, 90 @entity1 +/- @entity3 , and 11 @entity2 ) were scored as @entity4 positive or negative. RESULTS: @entity4 was not expressed on the luminal surface of NE, GA, and D2. In @entity1 , the percentage of surface cells expressing @entity4 correlated highly with the degree of @entity3 (P < 0.0001). In @entity0 who developed @entity2 , biopsies before @entity3 had higher @entity4 expression than the matched control @entity0 (mean, 28.4 and 3.4% positive cells, respectively, P < 0.0001). In the prospective cohort, the histopathological diagnosis of @entity3 or @entity2 and the @entity4 -positive brushings were concordant in 91% of the @entity0 (P < 0.005), and the results correlated with the frequency of cases with surface expression of @entity4 in the retrospective study (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Surface expression of @entity4 can be used to detect @entity3 and @entity2 , as well as @entity0 with @entity1 at risk for subsequent development of @entity3 and @entity2 . A brushing technique combined with @entity4 staining has the potential to be exploited in surveillance and screening protocols.

title: Surface expression of minichromosome maintenance proteins provides a novel method for detecting XXXX at risk for developing @entity2 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The presence of a surgeon at the initial assessment and care of the @entity1 @entity0 has been the focal point of @entity1 center designation. However, for Level I verification, the American College of Surgeons Committee on @entity1 currently does not require the presence of an attending @entity1 surgeon @entity2 ( @entity2 ), provided senior surgical residents are immediately available. Likewise, the state of Missouri does not mandate an @entity2 presence of the attending @entity1 surgeon but requires senior (postgraduate year 4 or 5) level surgical residents to immediately respond, with a 20-minute response time mandated for the attending surgeon if @entity2 or out of the hospital ( @entity4 ). Nevertheless, some claim that @entity2 coverage by attending surgeons provides better care for seriously injured @entity0 . METHODS: This retrospective study assessed @entity0 care parameters over the past 10 years on critically injured @entity0 to detect any difference in outcome whether the surgeon was @entity2 or @entity4 at the time of the @entity1 team activation (cardiopulmonary instability, Glasgow @entity3 Scale [GCS] score < 9, penetrating @entity1 ). @entity0 were subcategorized into blunt/penetrating, shock (systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg) on arrival, GCS score < 9, Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15, or ISS > 25. Response was examined from 8 am to 6 pm weekdays ( @entity2 ) or 6 pm to 8 am weekdays and all weekends ( @entity4 ). @entity0 care parameters examined were mortality, complications, time in the emergency department, time to the operating room, time to computed tomographic scanning, intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS. RESULTS: For all @entity0 (n = 766), there was no significant difference in any parameters except intensive care unit LOS ( @entity2 , 4.90 +/- 7.96 days; @entity4 , 3.58 +/- 7.69 days; p < 0.05). For blunt @entity1 (n = 369), emergency department time was shorter (99.71 +/- 88.26 minutes vs. 126.51 +/- 96.68 minutes, p < 0.01) and hospital LOS was shorter (8.04 +/- 1.02 days vs. 11.08 +/- 1.15 days, p < 0.05) for @entity4 response. For penetrating @entity1 (n = 377), shock (n = 187), GCS score < 9 (n = 248), ISS > 15 (n = 363), and ISS > 25 (n = 230), there were no statistically significant differences in any @entity0 care parameter between @entity2 and @entity4 response. For those in most need of urgent operation-penetrating injuries and shock-there were no differences in time to operating room or mortality for @entity4 or @entity2 response. CONCLUSION: As long as initial assessment and care is provided by senior level @entity2 surgical residents and as long as the attending surgeon responds in a defined period of time (if @entity4 ) to guide critical decision-making, the @entity2 presence of an attending surgeon has not been shown in this retrospective study to improve care of the critically injured @entity0 .

title: The presence of in-house attending XXXX surgeons does not improve management or outcome of critically injured @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The presence of a surgeon at the initial assessment and care of the @entity1 @entity0 has been the focal point of @entity1 center designation. However, for Level I verification, the American College of Surgeons Committee on @entity1 currently does not require the presence of an attending @entity1 surgeon @entity2 ( @entity2 ), provided senior surgical residents are immediately available. Likewise, the state of Missouri does not mandate an @entity2 presence of the attending @entity1 surgeon but requires senior (postgraduate year 4 or 5) level surgical residents to immediately respond, with a 20-minute response time mandated for the attending surgeon if @entity2 or out of the hospital ( @entity4 ). Nevertheless, some claim that @entity2 coverage by attending surgeons provides better care for seriously injured @entity0 . METHODS: This retrospective study assessed @entity0 care parameters over the past 10 years on critically injured @entity0 to detect any difference in outcome whether the surgeon was @entity2 or @entity4 at the time of the @entity1 team activation (cardiopulmonary instability, Glasgow @entity3 Scale [GCS] score < 9, penetrating @entity1 ). @entity0 were subcategorized into blunt/penetrating, shock (systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg) on arrival, GCS score < 9, Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15, or ISS > 25. Response was examined from 8 am to 6 pm weekdays ( @entity2 ) or 6 pm to 8 am weekdays and all weekends ( @entity4 ). @entity0 care parameters examined were mortality, complications, time in the emergency department, time to the operating room, time to computed tomographic scanning, intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS. RESULTS: For all @entity0 (n = 766), there was no significant difference in any parameters except intensive care unit LOS ( @entity2 , 4.90 +/- 7.96 days; @entity4 , 3.58 +/- 7.69 days; p < 0.05). For blunt @entity1 (n = 369), emergency department time was shorter (99.71 +/- 88.26 minutes vs. 126.51 +/- 96.68 minutes, p < 0.01) and hospital LOS was shorter (8.04 +/- 1.02 days vs. 11.08 +/- 1.15 days, p < 0.05) for @entity4 response. For penetrating @entity1 (n = 377), shock (n = 187), GCS score < 9 (n = 248), ISS > 15 (n = 363), and ISS > 25 (n = 230), there were no statistically significant differences in any @entity0 care parameter between @entity2 and @entity4 response. For those in most need of urgent operation-penetrating injuries and shock-there were no differences in time to operating room or mortality for @entity4 or @entity2 response. CONCLUSION: As long as initial assessment and care is provided by senior level @entity2 surgical residents and as long as the attending surgeon responds in a defined period of time (if @entity4 ) to guide critical decision-making, the @entity2 presence of an attending surgeon has not been shown in this retrospective study to improve care of the critically injured @entity0 .

title: The presence of in-house attending @entity1 surgeons does not improve management or outcome of critically injured XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this multicentric study was to evaluate results of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for @entity5 in terms of postoperative shoulder function, radiological outcome and number of complications. METHODS: A consecutive series of 76 @entity0 with @entity5 were treated with locking plate using a minimally invasive antero-lateral approach in two orthopaedic departments. Functional results with Constant score and radiographic evaluation were available for 74 @entity0 at one-year follow up. RESULTS: The @entity0 achieved a mean Constant score of 71 (range 28-100). Each functional result was evaluated also for both centres without significant differences. Significant statistical differences were only found for younger @entity0 with better results (p   <   0.05). Twenty @entity0 (27  %) developed complications. @entity4 occurred in 16.2  % of cases for @entity3 (6.7  %) and for too proximal plate positioning (9.5  %). Primary screws perforation (2.7  %), secondary perforation due to cut-out (1.4  %), @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of humeral head (1.4  %), partial resorption of greater tuberosity (2.7  %), secondary dislocation of the greater tuberosity (2.7  %) and stiffness (2.7  %) were the other complications observed. CONCLUSIONS: The MIPO technique for @entity5 was safe and reproducible for most common patterns of @entity1 . Major complication rate was apparently low due to a soft tissue sparing, deltoid muscle and circumflex vessels, with easy access of the bar area to correct positioning of the plate.

title: Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in XXXX : one-year results of a prospective multicenter study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous functional connectivity studies have found both hypo- and hyper-connectivity in brains of individuals having @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Here we studied @entity2 subnetworks in high-functioning individuals with @entity1 during free viewing of a movie containing social cues and interactions. Twenty-six subjects (13 with @entity1 ) watched a 68-min movie during functional magnetic resonance imaging. For each subject, we computed Pearson's correlation between haemodynamic time-courses of each pair of 6-mm isotropic voxels. From the whole-brain functional networks, we derived individual and group-level subnetworks using graph theory. Scaled inclusivity was then calculated between all subject pairs to estimate intersubject similarity of connectivity structure of each subnetwork. Additional 54 individuals (27 with @entity1 ) from the ABIDE resting-state database were included to test the reproducibility of the results. Between-group differences were observed in the composition of @entity5 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) subnetworks. The @entity3 subnetwork included amygdala, striatum, thalamus, parahippocampal, fusiform, and inferior temporal gyri. Further, @entity3 subnetwork similarity between subject pairs correlated significantly with similarity of symptom gravity measured with @entity4 quotient. This correlation was observed also within the controls, and in the reproducibility dataset with ADI-R and ADOS scores. Our results highlight how the reorganization of functional subnetworks in individuals with @entity1 clarifies the mixture of hypo- and hyper-connectivity findings. Importantly, only the functional organization of the @entity3 subnetwork emerges as a marker of inter-individual similarities that co-vary with behavioral measures across all @entity0 . These findings suggest a pivotal role of ventro-temporal and limbic systems in @entity4 . Hum Brain Mapp 37:1066-1079, 2016.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Reorganization of functionally connected brain subnetworks in high-functioning XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objectives of study were to determine the transmission parameters (b), durations of @entity0 , and basic reproductive numbers (R0) of both @entity3 and @entity4 as pathogens causing @entity2 outbreaks in dairy herds. A 10-mo longitudinal study was performed using 2 smallholder dairy herds with @entity2 outbreaks caused by Strep. agalactiae and Strep. uberis, respectively. Both herds had poor @entity2 control management and did not change their milking management during the entire study period. Quarter milk samples were collected at monthly intervals from all lactating animals in each herd for bacteriological identification. The durations of @entity0 for Strep. uberis intramammary @entity0 (IMI) and Strep. agalactiae IMI were examined using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and the Kaplan-Meier survival functions for Strep. uberis IMI and Strep. agalactiae IMI were compared using log rank survival-test. The spread of Strep. uberis and Strep. agalactiae through the population was determined by transmission parameter, b, the probability per unit of time that one infectious quarter will infect another quarter, assuming that all other quarters are susceptible. For the Strep. uberis outbreak herd (31 @entity1 ), 56 new infections and 28 quarters with spontaneous cure were observed. For the Strep. agalactiae outbreak herd (19 @entity1 ), 26 new infections and 9 quarters with spontaneous cure were observed. The duration of @entity0 for Strep. agalactiae (mean = 270.84 d) was significantly longer than the duration of @entity0 for Strep. uberis (mean = 187.88 d). The transmission parameters (b) estimated (including 95% confidence interval) for Strep. uberis IMI and Strep. agalactiae IMI were 0.0155 (0.0035-0.0693) and 0.0068 (0.0008-0.0606), respectively. The R0 (including 95% confidence interval) during the study were 2.91 (0.63-13.47) and 1.86 (0.21-16.61) for Strep. uberis IMI and Strep. agalactiae IMI, respectively. In conclusion, the transmission parameter and R0 values were not different between both pathogens; however, the duration of @entity0 for Strep. agalactiae was longer than Strep. uberis. These suggest that Strep. uberis may have a different transmission dynamic compared with Strep. agalactiae.

title: Comparison of transmission dynamics between XXXX and @entity3 intramammary infections.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objectives of study were to determine the transmission parameters (b), durations of @entity0 , and basic reproductive numbers (R0) of both @entity3 and @entity4 as pathogens causing @entity2 outbreaks in dairy herds. A 10-mo longitudinal study was performed using 2 smallholder dairy herds with @entity2 outbreaks caused by Strep. agalactiae and Strep. uberis, respectively. Both herds had poor @entity2 control management and did not change their milking management during the entire study period. Quarter milk samples were collected at monthly intervals from all lactating animals in each herd for bacteriological identification. The durations of @entity0 for Strep. uberis intramammary @entity0 (IMI) and Strep. agalactiae IMI were examined using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and the Kaplan-Meier survival functions for Strep. uberis IMI and Strep. agalactiae IMI were compared using log rank survival-test. The spread of Strep. uberis and Strep. agalactiae through the population was determined by transmission parameter, b, the probability per unit of time that one infectious quarter will infect another quarter, assuming that all other quarters are susceptible. For the Strep. uberis outbreak herd (31 @entity1 ), 56 new infections and 28 quarters with spontaneous cure were observed. For the Strep. agalactiae outbreak herd (19 @entity1 ), 26 new infections and 9 quarters with spontaneous cure were observed. The duration of @entity0 for Strep. agalactiae (mean = 270.84 d) was significantly longer than the duration of @entity0 for Strep. uberis (mean = 187.88 d). The transmission parameters (b) estimated (including 95% confidence interval) for Strep. uberis IMI and Strep. agalactiae IMI were 0.0155 (0.0035-0.0693) and 0.0068 (0.0008-0.0606), respectively. The R0 (including 95% confidence interval) during the study were 2.91 (0.63-13.47) and 1.86 (0.21-16.61) for Strep. uberis IMI and Strep. agalactiae IMI, respectively. In conclusion, the transmission parameter and R0 values were not different between both pathogens; however, the duration of @entity0 for Strep. agalactiae was longer than Strep. uberis. These suggest that Strep. uberis may have a different transmission dynamic compared with Strep. agalactiae.

title: Comparison of transmission dynamics between @entity4 and XXXX intramammary infections.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In a four-and-a-half year period, 19 @entity0 with focal @entity1 accompanied by a focal @entity2 were encountered. Sixteen of these @entity0 showed clouding of @entity7 or @entity6 . Computed tomography of the brain revealed focal lesions in 15 @entity0 . In 7 @entity0 the lesions were the result of a recent cerebral event and in 8 @entity0 they were long-standing. All @entity0 were treated with anti- @entity3 drugs. Ten of the 12 @entity0 without an acute lesion showed a complete recovery in a few days. In these @entity0 the symptoms may have been caused by the continuous @entity4 activity, classifying them as cases of non- @entity4 focal @entity2 . Only 2 of the 7 @entity0 with an acute lesion had a full recovery. In @entity0 with an acute lesion the part played by the @entity2 in the acquired deficits is unclear. Continuous or frequent intermittent focal @entity3 discharges on the EEG may warrant treatment with anti- @entity3 drugs in @entity0 with focal @entity1 , even when one of the hallmarks of @entity3 , @entity5 , is absent.

title: XXXX as cause for focal @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In a four-and-a-half year period, 19 @entity0 with focal @entity1 accompanied by a focal @entity2 were encountered. Sixteen of these @entity0 showed clouding of @entity7 or @entity6 . Computed tomography of the brain revealed focal lesions in 15 @entity0 . In 7 @entity0 the lesions were the result of a recent cerebral event and in 8 @entity0 they were long-standing. All @entity0 were treated with anti- @entity3 drugs. Ten of the 12 @entity0 without an acute lesion showed a complete recovery in a few days. In these @entity0 the symptoms may have been caused by the continuous @entity4 activity, classifying them as cases of non- @entity4 focal @entity2 . Only 2 of the 7 @entity0 with an acute lesion had a full recovery. In @entity0 with an acute lesion the part played by the @entity2 in the acquired deficits is unclear. Continuous or frequent intermittent focal @entity3 discharges on the EEG may warrant treatment with anti- @entity3 drugs in @entity0 with focal @entity1 , even when one of the hallmarks of @entity3 , @entity5 , is absent.

title: @entity2 as cause for focal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The CONTROL Surveillance Project was a comprehensive @entity0 -based survey conducted among @entity6 @entity0 undergoing treatment. The primary objective of the study was to specifically quantify the prevalence of factors adversely affecting @entity9 therapy. METHODS: @entity0 were selected from a large proprietary database. Those eligible for the study completed a 21-question survey. RESULTS: Of the eligible @entity6 @entity0 , 925 (92.5  %) were being treated with @entity9 monotherapy. The mean age was 60.4  years; 755 (81.6  %) were female and 168 (18.2  %) were male. Almost half of those receiving @entity9 (435, 47.0  %) had at least one comorbid condition that could adversely affect its absorption: @entity2 (33.8  % of @entity0 ), @entity8 (9.7  %), @entity5 intolerance (7.8  %), or a history of gastric bypass surgery or bowel resection (3.0  %). Other factors reported by many @entity0 that could adversely affect @entity9 absorption included use of prescription medications (20.6  %) and over-the-counter medications (34.3  %) used to treat comorbid gastrointestinal (GI) conditions; use of dietary supplements (51.8  %, primarily @entity3 and @entity1 ); and intake of foods/beverages high in fiber, @entity7 , or soy (68.0  %). Of the 13.4  % who reported difficulty controlling their @entity6 symptoms, significantly more @entity0 with comorbid GI conditions reported such difficulty (7.8 versus 5.6  %, P  <  0.01). Frequent changes in @entity9 dosing (two or more dose changes in the past year) were reported by 8.0  % of survey @entity0 . Those with GI comorbidities were nearly twice as likely to have such changes (5.0 versus 3.0  %, P  <  0.01). CONCLUSION: Better initial workup of @entity0 , including identification of relevant GI comorbidities and @entity4 , may help in the early detection of factors that may affect the performance of @entity9 .

title: Comorbidities, Concomitant Medications, and Diet as Factors Affecting XXXX Therapy: Results of the CONTROL Surveillance Project.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Adiponectin is an adipokine playing an important role in regulating energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. However, the effect of adiponectin on bone metabolism shows contradictory results according to different research studies. In this study femurs were isolated from genetically double-labeled mBSP9.0Luc/b-ACT-EGFP @entity0 and were transplanted into adiponectin knock-out @entity0 or wild type @entity0 to investigate the effect of temporary exposure to @entity2 and metabolism. We found that the growth of bone explants in adiponectin knock-out @entity0 was significantly retarded. Histological analysis, microcomputed tomography analysis, and @entity5 -resistant acid phosphatase staining revealed reduced trabecular bone volume, decreased cortical bone, and @entity1 in bone explants in adiponectin knock-out @entity0 . We then found that adiponectin inhibits @entity4 -induced osteoclastogenesis from RAW264.7 cells and down-regulates @entity4 -enhanced expressions of osteoclastogenic regulators including @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity5 -resistant acid phosphatase. Adiponectin also increases osteoclast apoptosis and decreases survival/proliferation of osteoclast precursor cells. Using siRNA specifically targeting @entity9 , the first identified adaptor protein of adiponectin signaling, we found that the inhibitory effect of adiponectin on osteoclasts was induced by @entity9 -mediated down-regulation of @entity3 activity. In addition, overexpression of @entity3 successfully reversed adiponectin-induced inhibition in @entity4 -stimulated osteoclast differentiation. In conclusion, adiponectin is important in maintaining the balance of energy metabolism, inflammatory responses, and bone formation.

title: Adiponectin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via XXXX -mediated suppression of @entity3 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Adiponectin is an adipokine playing an important role in regulating energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. However, the effect of adiponectin on bone metabolism shows contradictory results according to different research studies. In this study femurs were isolated from genetically double-labeled mBSP9.0Luc/b-ACT-EGFP @entity0 and were transplanted into adiponectin knock-out @entity0 or wild type @entity0 to investigate the effect of temporary exposure to @entity2 and metabolism. We found that the growth of bone explants in adiponectin knock-out @entity0 was significantly retarded. Histological analysis, microcomputed tomography analysis, and @entity5 -resistant acid phosphatase staining revealed reduced trabecular bone volume, decreased cortical bone, and @entity1 in bone explants in adiponectin knock-out @entity0 . We then found that adiponectin inhibits @entity4 -induced osteoclastogenesis from RAW264.7 cells and down-regulates @entity4 -enhanced expressions of osteoclastogenic regulators including @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity5 -resistant acid phosphatase. Adiponectin also increases osteoclast apoptosis and decreases survival/proliferation of osteoclast precursor cells. Using siRNA specifically targeting @entity9 , the first identified adaptor protein of adiponectin signaling, we found that the inhibitory effect of adiponectin on osteoclasts was induced by @entity9 -mediated down-regulation of @entity3 activity. In addition, overexpression of @entity3 successfully reversed adiponectin-induced inhibition in @entity4 -stimulated osteoclast differentiation. In conclusion, adiponectin is important in maintaining the balance of energy metabolism, inflammatory responses, and bone formation.

title: Adiponectin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via @entity9 -mediated suppression of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Biological shapes are often produced by the iterative generation of repeated units. The mechanistic basis of such iteration is an area of intense investigation. Leaf development in the model plant @entity0 is one such example where the repeated generation of leaf margin protrusions, termed serrations, is a key feature of final shape. However, the regulatory logic underlying this process is unclear. Here, we use a combination of developmental genetics and computational modeling to show that serration development is the morphological read-out of a spatially distributed regulatory mechanism, which creates interspersed activity peaks of the growth-promoting hormone auxin and the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) transcription factor. This mechanism operates at the growing leaf margin via a regulatory module consisting of two feedback loops working in concert. The first loop relates the transport of auxin to its own distribution, via polar membrane localization of the pinformed1 (PIN1) efflux transporter. This loop captures the potential of auxin to generate self-organizing patterns in diverse developmental contexts. In the second loop, @entity1 promotes the generation of PIN1-dependent auxin activity maxima while auxin represses @entity1 expression. This @entity1 -dependent loop regulates activity of the conserved auxin efflux module in leaf margins to generate stable serration patterns. Conceptualizing leaf margin development via this mechanism also helps to explain how other developmental regulators influence leaf shape.

title: Model for the regulation of XXXX leaf margin development.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Transfemorally placed endoluminal grafts are currently being evaluated as an alternative to open surgery for the treatment of @entity3 . We determined the value of helical CT for the follow-up of @entity0 treated with this new procedure. The purposes of this study were to determine CT features of a technically successful procedure, detect complications, and compare findings on CT scans obtained 24-48 hr after insertion of the graft with findings on angiograms obtained at the end of the endovascular procedure. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seven @entity0 with large @entity3 had helical CT within 48 hr after transfemoral insertion of an endoluminal graft. Findings on these CT scans were compared with findings on digital completion angiograms obtained immediately after placement of the graft. Additional follow-up CT scans were obtained for up to 15 months (mean, 8 months). The size of the aneurysmal sac; completeness of perigraft @entity2 ; and position, shape, and patency of the device were recorded. RESULTS: CT scans obtained 24-48 hr after placement of the grafts showed complete @entity2 of the aneurysmal sac in three @entity0 and incomplete @entity2 with patent perigraft channels in the four remaining @entity0 . Angiograms showed a patent perigraft channel in only one @entity0 . Two of four initially patent channels subsequently closed, but one of them recurred. Of four thrombosed @entity1 , two decreased in size, and two were unchanged on later follow-up. Of three @entity1 associated with perigraft channels, two became enlarged and one was stable. On the basis of CT criteria, successful endovascular repair was shown in four (57%) of seven @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Helical CT is a sensitive means of evaluating the efficacy of endoluminal grafts. Decreased or stable size of the aneurysmal sac without perigraft channels on late follow-up CT signifies technical success. Persistence or recurrence of perigraft channels is the most likely cause of later enlargement of an @entity1 and therefore suggests procedural failure. Helical CT was more sensitive than angiography for detection of perigraft channels that occurred soon after treatment.

title: Endovascular repair of XXXX : value of postoperative follow-up with helical CT.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A key limiting factor impacting the success of cell transplantation for @entity1 is the survival of the grafted cells, which are often short lived. The focus of this study was to examine a novel strategy to optimize the survival of exogenous fetal ventromesencephalic (VM) grafts by treatment with the @entity7 inhibitor, @entity8 -a (PFT-a), to improve the biological outcome of @entity1 animals. Adult male @entity0 were given @entity5 into the left medial forebrain bundle to induce a hemiparkinsonian state. At 7 weeks after lesioning, animals were grafted with fetal VM or cortical tissue into the lesioned striatum and, thereafter, received daily PFT-a or vehicle injections for 5 days. @entity6 -induced @entity3 was examined at 2, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after grafting. Analysis of TUNEL or @entity2 hydroxylase (TH) immunostaining was undertaken at 5 days or 4 months after grafting. The transplantation of fetal VM tissue into the lesioned striatum reduced @entity3 . A further reduction in rotation was apparent in animals receiving PFT-a and VM transplants. By contrast, no significant reduction in rotation was evident in animals receiving cortical grafts or cortical grafts + PFT-a. PFT-a treatment reduced TUNEL labeling and increased TH(+) cell and fiber density in the VM transplants. In conclusion, our data indicate that early postgrafting treatment with PFT-a enhances the survival of @entity4 cell transplants and augments behavioral recovery in @entity1 animals.

title: Enhanced survival of dopaminergic neuronal transplants in hemiparkinsonian @entity0 by the XXXX inactivator PFT-a.

answer: @entity7


abstract: A key limiting factor impacting the success of cell transplantation for @entity1 is the survival of the grafted cells, which are often short lived. The focus of this study was to examine a novel strategy to optimize the survival of exogenous fetal ventromesencephalic (VM) grafts by treatment with the @entity7 inhibitor, @entity8 -a (PFT-a), to improve the biological outcome of @entity1 animals. Adult male @entity0 were given @entity5 into the left medial forebrain bundle to induce a hemiparkinsonian state. At 7 weeks after lesioning, animals were grafted with fetal VM or cortical tissue into the lesioned striatum and, thereafter, received daily PFT-a or vehicle injections for 5 days. @entity6 -induced @entity3 was examined at 2, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after grafting. Analysis of TUNEL or @entity2 hydroxylase (TH) immunostaining was undertaken at 5 days or 4 months after grafting. The transplantation of fetal VM tissue into the lesioned striatum reduced @entity3 . A further reduction in rotation was apparent in animals receiving PFT-a and VM transplants. By contrast, no significant reduction in rotation was evident in animals receiving cortical grafts or cortical grafts + PFT-a. PFT-a treatment reduced TUNEL labeling and increased TH(+) cell and fiber density in the VM transplants. In conclusion, our data indicate that early postgrafting treatment with PFT-a enhances the survival of @entity4 cell transplants and augments behavioral recovery in @entity1 animals.

title: Enhanced survival of dopaminergic neuronal transplants in hemiparkinsonian XXXX by the @entity7 inactivator PFT-a.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has expanded from outreach and education to working within a clinical team in a primary care setting. AIM: To improve self-management among @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 incorporating @entity4 as members of a clinical team. METHODS: A cohort of 114 @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 enrolled in 2007 participated in a teambased self-management intervention with followup in 2008. The study assessed whether significant changes occurred in clinical, @entity0 satisfaction and activation measures after the intervention compared with baseline. The programme was located at St Luke's Health Care Center in San Francisco, California, in an ethnically diverse neighbourhood serving predominantly low-income Latino @entity0 . Clinical outcomes measured included glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), blood pressure and total @entity3 . A @entity0 Activation Measure (PAM) assessed self-management. Both provider and @entity0 experiences with the programme were also assessed using a @entity0 telephone satisfaction survey and provider focus group. RESULTS: The majority of @entity0 were Latino Spanish speaking @entity0 on public insurance. Thirty-one @entity0 participated in a telephone satisfaction survey. Six providers participated in a focus group to assess satisfaction with care. HealthFirst had a positive impact, improving @entity5 c among high-risk @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 (HbA1c>=  9.0) and maintaining glycaemic control among @entity0 with controlled glycaemic level at baseline ( @entity5 c<7.0). In addition, LDL, total @entity3 and self-management outcomes significantly improved. Ninety-seven percent of @entity0 were satisfied with the @entity4 ' support. Overall, providers' comfort level in referring @entity0 to @entity4 was very high. CONCLUSIONS: Physician-CHW partnership had a positive impact on @entity0 ' self-management skills and clinical outcomes. @entity0 and physicians also had higher satisfaction with overall care. With appropriate training, @entity4 can collaborate as team members with primary care providers and with non-medical providers to improve the quality of care.

title: Physician-community health worker partnering to support XXXX self-management in primary care.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Smooth muscle, striated muscle, their central and peripheral innervations and control, and @entity0 contribute to maintenance of continence. We used manual leak point pressure (mLPP) testing and electrical stimulation LPP (eLPP) testing in female @entity1 to quantify the contribution of these factors to urethral resistance, a measure of continence. Abdominal muscles were electrically stimulated to induce leakage for eLPP. A Crede maneuver was applied for mLPP. These were repeated after complete T8 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and/or bilateral pudendal nerve transection (PNT). After euthanasia, mLPP was repeated. MLPP was not significantly affected by opening the abdomen, suggesting that intra-abdominal pressure transmission contributes little to continence during slow pressure changes. ELPP was significantly higher than mLPP in intact @entity1 , after PNT, and after @entity2 +PNT, suggesting that abdominal pressure transmission contributes to continence during rapid increases in intra-abdominal pressure. MLPP decreased significantly after PNT, indicating that urethral striated muscles contribute significantly to continence. ELPP decreased significantly after PNT with and without @entity2 , suggesting that supraspinal control significantly affects continence during rapid pressure changes, but not during slow pressure changes. MLPP after euthanasia was significantly decreased compared to mLPP after @entity2 +PNT, suggesting that urethral mucosal seal coaptation and tissue elasticity also contribute to continence. The urethra is a complex organ that maintains continence via a highly organized and hierarchical system involving both the central and peripheral nervous systems.

title: Quantification of neurological and other contributors to continence in female XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Detailed strategy for regional hemodynamics is significant for knowledge of plaque development on @entity1 such as @entity2 . The aim of this study was to derive relation between @entity2 and hemodynamics at @entity0 carotid bifurcation by the use of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and to provide more accurate hemodynamic information. METHODS: Blood velocity datasets at common carotid artery were obtained by phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging (PC cine MRI). Carotid bifurcation model was computed for systolic, mid-diastolic, and end-diastolic phase. Comparison of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was performed for each cardiac phase. RESULTS: PC cine MRI provided velocity measurement for common carotid artery with various cardiac phases. The blood velocity had acute variation from 0.21 m/s to 1.07 m/s at systolic phase. The variation of @entity3 during cardiac phase was presented at carotid bifurcation model. High shear stress area was observed at dividing wall for all cardiac phases. The systole-diastole @entity3 ratio was 10.15 at internal carotid side of bifurcation. And low shear stress (<0.5 Pa) was observed at internal carotid side of bifurcation. CONCLUSION: Bifurcation area represented low shear stress and changed significantly @entity3 . The specific area with significant change in shear stress and low shear stress had good agreement with predilection sites of @entity2 . The result suggested that hemodynamics was related to @entity2 , and @entity4 analysis with various cardiac phases that were provided by PC cine MRI was allowed to determine an accurate analysis condition. This led to the representation of hemodynamics in vivo.

title: Quantitative Analysis of Wall Shear Stress for XXXX Carotid Bifurcation at Cardiac Phases by the Use of Phase Contrast Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Computational Fluid Dynamics Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In the positron emission tomography literature, markedly hypometabolic brain tissue ( @entity1 metabolism < 1.3 to 1.7 mL.100 g-1. @entity2 ) has often been equated with irreversible damage in the @entity0 brain. By serial positron emission tomography measurements, we investigated the temporal evolution of the volume of severely hypometabolic brain tissue after permanent @entity4 in anesthetized @entity6 with, as a perspective, the development of rational therapeutic strategies. METHODS: Seven anesthetized and ventilated @entity6 underwent sequential positron emission tomography examinations with the 15O steady-state technique before and 1, 4, 7, and 24 hours and 14 to 29 days after occlusion. In each @entity5 the @entity3 volume was calculated by quantitative histological procedures after 19 to 41 days of occlusion. RESULTS: The sequential measurement of regional @entity1 metabolism demonstrated an extension (for > or = 24 hours) of the volume of severely hypometabolic tissue as defined by both absolute and relative metabolic thresholds, and this profile of evolutivity is observed no matter the threshold used. Mean (+/- SEM) @entity3 volume of 2.4 +/- 0.6 cm3 was comparable to a tissue volume with @entity1 consumption < 40% of contralateral metabolism. The volume of hypometabolic tissue was essentially stable at the 1-, 4-, and 7-hour postocclusion studies, increased markedly at the 24-hour study point, and increased even further in the chronic-stage study (on average, 17 days after occlusion). The tissue that eventually displayed a severely hypometabolic state at the final measurement showed a significant decrease of @entity1 metabolism and cerebral blood flow at each time analyzed. In that tissue, the @entity1 extraction fraction increased significantly at 1 hour (although not thereafter). CONCLUSIONS: The extension of severely hypometabolic volume after @entity4 reinforces the concept of a dynamic penumbra and suggests the existence of a relatively large window of therapeutic opportunity in which it may be possible to develop neuroprotective strategies. Our study suggests that maximum @entity3 volume is determined at some time between 24 hours and 17 days after permanent @entity4 in anesthetized @entity6 .

title: Sequential studies of severely hypometabolic tissue volumes after permanent @entity4 . A positron emission tomographic investigation in anesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In the positron emission tomography literature, markedly hypometabolic brain tissue ( @entity1 metabolism < 1.3 to 1.7 mL.100 g-1. @entity2 ) has often been equated with irreversible damage in the @entity0 brain. By serial positron emission tomography measurements, we investigated the temporal evolution of the volume of severely hypometabolic brain tissue after permanent @entity4 in anesthetized @entity6 with, as a perspective, the development of rational therapeutic strategies. METHODS: Seven anesthetized and ventilated @entity6 underwent sequential positron emission tomography examinations with the 15O steady-state technique before and 1, 4, 7, and 24 hours and 14 to 29 days after occlusion. In each @entity5 the @entity3 volume was calculated by quantitative histological procedures after 19 to 41 days of occlusion. RESULTS: The sequential measurement of regional @entity1 metabolism demonstrated an extension (for > or = 24 hours) of the volume of severely hypometabolic tissue as defined by both absolute and relative metabolic thresholds, and this profile of evolutivity is observed no matter the threshold used. Mean (+/- SEM) @entity3 volume of 2.4 +/- 0.6 cm3 was comparable to a tissue volume with @entity1 consumption < 40% of contralateral metabolism. The volume of hypometabolic tissue was essentially stable at the 1-, 4-, and 7-hour postocclusion studies, increased markedly at the 24-hour study point, and increased even further in the chronic-stage study (on average, 17 days after occlusion). The tissue that eventually displayed a severely hypometabolic state at the final measurement showed a significant decrease of @entity1 metabolism and cerebral blood flow at each time analyzed. In that tissue, the @entity1 extraction fraction increased significantly at 1 hour (although not thereafter). CONCLUSIONS: The extension of severely hypometabolic volume after @entity4 reinforces the concept of a dynamic penumbra and suggests the existence of a relatively large window of therapeutic opportunity in which it may be possible to develop neuroprotective strategies. Our study suggests that maximum @entity3 volume is determined at some time between 24 hours and 17 days after permanent @entity4 in anesthetized @entity6 .

title: Sequential studies of severely hypometabolic tissue volumes after permanent XXXX . A positron emission tomographic investigation in anesthetized @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) related @entity3 (rSD) is a new disease entity, first described in 2001, that involves @entity7 . Considered a @entity6 with lesions described in multiple organ systems, IgG4-rSD that affects the sinonasal region is rare. Our goal was to highlight the sinonasal presentation of this unique disease and to review previously reported adult cases from 2003 to 2014. METHODS: Case report (a 72-year-old @entity0 who presented with left exophthalmos, @entity5 , and @entity8 ) and review of the literature. RESULTS: Radiographic workup with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a left sinonasal mass that involved the left maxillary and ethmoid sinuses, with surrounding bony destruction and orbital invasion. Nasal endoscopy demonstrated a @entity4 emanating in the middle meatus, with surrounding @entity2 . The @entity0 underwent an endoscopic biopsy, medial maxillectomy, and ethmoidectomy with @entity1 debulking. Pathology demonstrated inflamed respiratory mucosa with dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and @entity4 ; flow cytometry demonstrated no malignant cell populations; immunophenotyping demonstrated multiple foci of IgG4 cells. Plasma IgG4 was elevated in the setting of normal total IgG. The @entity0 was treated with postoperative systemic and topical corticosteroids. Surveillance imaging studies and nasal endoscopy demonstrated disease resolution without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Sinonasal IgG4-rSD is a rare disease that can present with bony and soft-tissue invasion. This was an exceptional case, with osseous involvement and orbital invasion. Immunohistologic workup is essential for diagnosis. It is important to differentiate this disease from @entity1 . Treatment includes corticosteroids and surgical debulking. Sinonasal IgG4-rSD represents an emerging disease that may present challenges for future rhinologists.

title: A rare and emerging entity: Sinonasal IgG4-related XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pancreatodigestive tract anastomotic site @entity4 is a problematic complication after pancreatoduodenectomy. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of endoscopic treatments for a stenotic pancreatodigestive tract @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Endoscopic units of a university-affiliated hospital and a general hospital. @entity0 : Fourteen @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 (n=10) and pancreatic fluid @entity2 (n=4) after anatomy-altering surgery with pancreatodigestive tract @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: The initial ERCP included obtaining a pancreatogram, introducing a 0.025-inch guidewire through the @entity1 , along which a 5F plastic stent or nasopancreatic drain was inserted. If initial ERCP failed, we attempted EUS-guided rendezvous, with a guidewire passed antegrade from the main pancreatic duct across the stenotic @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Rates of successful intervention and clinical relief. RESULTS: The initial intervention was successfully achieved in 6 of 14 @entity0 (38%). Of the 6 @entity0 with successful therapeutic endoscopies, 4 (66.7%) and 2 (25.0%) had undergone a previous pancreatogastrostomy or pancreatojejunostomy, respectively. Eight @entity0 with an initial unsuccessful intervention successfully underwent a second intervention using an EUS-guided or US-guided rendezvous method. Finally, @entity4 was relieved in all @entity0 with either the retrograde placement of a pancreatic duct stent across the @entity4 of an anastomotic site or antegrade percutaneous bougienage of the stenotic @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: Small sample size and lack of control @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic treatment of stenotic pancreatodigestive tract @entity1 for transanastomotic pancreatic juice drainage is safe and feasible.

title: Therapeutic endoscopy for stenotic pancreatodigestive tract XXXX after pancreatoduodenectomy (with videos).

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Intrafractional motion consists of two components: (1) the movement between the on-line repositioning procedure and the treatment start and (2) the movement during the treatment delivery. The goal of this study is to estimate this intrafractional movement of the prostate during @entity2 radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity0 with @entity2 and implanted fiducials underwent a marker match procedure before a five-field IMRT treatment. For all fields, in-treatment images were obtained and then processed to enable automatic marker detection. Combining the subsequent projection images, five positions of each marker were determined using the shortest path approach. The @entity1 ( @entity1 ) after kV-MV based prostate localization, the prostate position as a function of time during a radiotherapy session and the required margins to account for intrafractional motion were determined. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 and standard deviation in the antero-posterior, cranio-caudal and left-right direction were 2.3  1.5 mm, 0.2  1.1 mm and -0.1  1.1 mm, respectively. Almost all motions occurred in the posterior direction before the first treatment beam as the percentage of excursions>5 mm was reduced significantly when the @entity1 was not accounted for. The required margins for intrafractional motion increased with prolongation of the treatment. Application of a repositioning protocol after every beam could decrease the 1cm margin from CTV to @entity3 by 2 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 is the main contributor to intrafractional motion. This @entity1 after on-line prostate localization and @entity0 repositioning in the posterior direction emphasizes the need to speed up the marker match procedure. Also, a prostate IMRT treatment should be administered as fast as possible, to ensure that the pre-treatment repositioning efforts are not erased by intrafractional prostate motion. This warrants an optimized workflow with the use of faster treatment techniques.

title: Intrafractional prostate motion during online image guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, @entity6 with leakage of bile and/or @entity8 into the abdominal cavity occurs frequently. When this occurs, our practice has been to lavage the operative field and retrieve as many @entity8 as possible. We were concerned, however, that complications secondary to @entity2 might develop. To address this issue, our first 250 consecutive @entity0 undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were surveyed by postal questionnaire. In the 35-48 months (mean, 41 months) since operation, six @entity0 (2.6%) died of nonbiliary causes. Of the 225 @entity0 (90%) who completed the questionnaire, 73 (33%) suffered intraoperative @entity6 . There were no late wound or @entity1 and no @entity0 has required reoperation for @entity3 or @entity7 . In the entire group, @entity4 were prevalent and included flatulence (40%), loose stools or fecal urgency (35%), belching (23%), and @entity5 (4%). The prevalence of these complaints was similar in @entity0 with and without @entity6 . @entity6 perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, therefore, does not cause adverse long-term complications when accompanied by operative lavage and stone removal.

title: The influence of intraoperative XXXX on long-term outcome after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The accepted treatment protocol for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) consists of extensive surgery and wide spectrum antibiotics. Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) has been recommended as adjuvant therapy for @entity1 , improving @entity0 mortality and outcome. However, the beneficial effect of HBO for @entity1 remains controversial. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of treatment outcome in 37 @entity0 treated for @entity1 between 1984 and 1993 was carried out. The mortality rate, morbidity criteria, and risk factors for grave prognosis were compared between a group of 25 @entity0 who received HBO as part of their treatment protocol and a group of the remaining 12 @entity0 treated by surgical excision and antibiotics alone. RESULTS: The two groups were found to be similar with regard to age, gender, the incidence of individual risk factors for ominous prognosis, and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score for disease's severity on presentation. The mortality rate among the HBO-treated @entity0 was 36%, as opposed to 25% in the non-HBO group. The mean number of surgical d  bridements required per @entity0 was significantly higher in the HBO group: 3.3 compared with 1.5 in the non-HBO-treated @entity0 . Although the average length of hospitalization for survivors was shorter for the HBO group, the difference between the groups did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study cast doubt on the suggested advantage of HBO in reducing @entity0 mortality and morbidity when used as adjuvant therapy for @entity1 .

title: XXXX : an indication for hyperbaric oxygenation therapy?

answer: @entity1