abstract: BACKGROUND: A-Type and B-type natriuretic peptides are cardiac hormones whose circulating levels reflect the severity of @entity1 . It is not known how plasma levels of these hormones respond to changes in cardiac function that occur as a result of treatment with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) inhibitors. METHODS: @entity3 was administered at 5 mg/d for 3 months in 24 @entity0 with @entity1 , and for the next 3 months at 15 mg/d in the high-dose group (n = 12) and 5 mg/d in the low-dose group (n = 12). We measured plasma levels of A-type or B-type natriuretic peptides, as well as conventional measures of cardiac function, such as the cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and percent fractional shortening. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) plasma levels of both hormones decreased promptly after 2 weeks of therapy (A-type natriuretic peptide: 140 +/- 107 pg/mL to 81 +/- 68 pg/mL, P = 0.01; B-type natriuretic peptide: 305 +/- 278 pg/mL to 190 +/- 178 pg/mL, P = 0.01). These reductions were sustained throughout therapy. In contrast, the cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and percent fractional shortening had not changed significantly after 3 months of treatment, although improvements were seen after 6 months of treatment. After 6 months, plasma levels of both A-type and B-type natriuretic peptides were significantly lower in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group (A-type natriuretic peptide: 48 +/- 25 pg/mL vs. 57 +/- 27 pg/mL, P = 0.01; B-type natriuretic peptide: 78 +/- 58 pg/mL vs. 139 +/- 61 pg/mL, P = 0.005), whereas no significant differences were observed in the other measures of cardiac function. CONCLUSION: Plasma levels of A-type and B-type natriuretic peptides appear to be more sensitive markers of @entity1 than conventional echocardiographic parameters and cardiothoracic ratios. Measurement of these hormones might be useful for monitoring the effects of treatment with @entity2 inhibitors.

title: B-type natriuretic peptide as a marker of the effects of @entity3 in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: A-Type and B-type natriuretic peptides are cardiac hormones whose circulating levels reflect the severity of @entity1 . It is not known how plasma levels of these hormones respond to changes in cardiac function that occur as a result of treatment with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) inhibitors. METHODS: @entity3 was administered at 5 mg/d for 3 months in 24 @entity0 with @entity1 , and for the next 3 months at 15 mg/d in the high-dose group (n = 12) and 5 mg/d in the low-dose group (n = 12). We measured plasma levels of A-type or B-type natriuretic peptides, as well as conventional measures of cardiac function, such as the cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and percent fractional shortening. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) plasma levels of both hormones decreased promptly after 2 weeks of therapy (A-type natriuretic peptide: 140 +/- 107 pg/mL to 81 +/- 68 pg/mL, P = 0.01; B-type natriuretic peptide: 305 +/- 278 pg/mL to 190 +/- 178 pg/mL, P = 0.01). These reductions were sustained throughout therapy. In contrast, the cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and percent fractional shortening had not changed significantly after 3 months of treatment, although improvements were seen after 6 months of treatment. After 6 months, plasma levels of both A-type and B-type natriuretic peptides were significantly lower in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group (A-type natriuretic peptide: 48 +/- 25 pg/mL vs. 57 +/- 27 pg/mL, P = 0.01; B-type natriuretic peptide: 78 +/- 58 pg/mL vs. 139 +/- 61 pg/mL, P = 0.005), whereas no significant differences were observed in the other measures of cardiac function. CONCLUSION: Plasma levels of A-type and B-type natriuretic peptides appear to be more sensitive markers of @entity1 than conventional echocardiographic parameters and cardiothoracic ratios. Measurement of these hormones might be useful for monitoring the effects of treatment with @entity2 inhibitors.

title: B-type natriuretic peptide as a marker of the effects of @entity3 in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: A subgroup of @entity2 @entity0 who have experienced biochemical relapse after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) can benefit from radiation therapy to the prostate fossa. These @entity0 demonstrate biochemical relapse secondary to local failure in the absence of distant failure. In order to define this subgroup, we investigated the impact of pathological and biochemical variables and pre-radiation therapy biopsy of the prostate fossa on biochemical disease-free survival (bNED) and initial @entity3 response. METHODS: Sixty-two @entity0 with @entity2 who had biochemical relapse after RRP were treated with post-RRP radiation therapy localized to the prostate fossa (median dose, 6120 cGy) and were subsequently followed up for a median time of 47 months. Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier estimates for bNED were used to identify prognostic variables. The Fisher's exact test was used to test the interaction of initial @entity3 response with identified prognostic variables. RESULTS: Cox regression analysis of bNED as a function of pathological and biochemical parameters showed that only Gleason's score was a significant predictor of bNED. On univariate analysis, seminal vesicle involvement was also found to be a significant predictor. Prostate fossa biopsy result was not significantly related to bNED. Because of the overall high rates of biochemical failure, we wished to identify a high-risk subgroup that did not have local relapse as a component of biochemical relapse after RRP. We assessed initial biochemical response following radiation therapy as a surrogate for local relapse. A complete biochemical response was observed in 50% of @entity0 , and a partial biochemical response was observed in an additional 34%, yielding an overall biochemical response rate of 84%. When stratified by Gleason's score, seminal vesicle, pre-radiation therapy @entity3 , and biopsy result, response rates greater than 50% were seen for all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Gleason's score and seminal vesicle involvement predicted bNED after post-RRP radiation therapy in our cohort. Overall biochemical response rates were high in all subgroups, suggesting that all subgroups demonstrated a high likelihood of @entity1 as a component of failure. Pre-radiation therapy biopsy was predictive of neither bNED nor overall biochemical response.

title: Postprostatectomy salvage radiation therapy for XXXX : impact of pathological and biochemical variables and prostate fossa biopsy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A recent phase I study of aerosolized @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity0 with malignant metastases to the lungs demonstrated excellent tolerance and possible efficacy. This therapy was offered to other @entity0 who refused "standard" treatment or when no effective therapy was available. Forty-five @entity0 were treated; 40 had pulmonary metastases. Aerosolized @entity7 (250 microg/dose) was administered twice a day using a 1 week on, 1 week off schedule. The mean interval between diagnosis and therapy was 32 months. Twenty-four @entity0 had disease stabilization or partial regression. The mean duration of benefit was 10 months. This benefit was noted in 8 of 13 with a @entity3 , 6 of 14 with @entity4 , and 5 of 12 with @entity6 . Eighteen @entity0 reported mostly self-limiting @entity2 . The frequency of certain @entity4 -specific T lymphocytes in 1 @entity0 with stable disease was found to have increased 10-fold after therapy. Aerosolized @entity7 appears to have limited but promising efficacy in treatment of @entity5 . In one @entity0 , we have evidence of upregulation of @entity4 -specific cytotoxic T-cells. Further study is warranted to understand the impact of this therapy on the natural history of @entity1 .

title: Aerosolized @entity7 ( @entity7 ) therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A recent phase I study of aerosolized @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity0 with malignant metastases to the lungs demonstrated excellent tolerance and possible efficacy. This therapy was offered to other @entity0 who refused "standard" treatment or when no effective therapy was available. Forty-five @entity0 were treated; 40 had pulmonary metastases. Aerosolized @entity7 (250 microg/dose) was administered twice a day using a 1 week on, 1 week off schedule. The mean interval between diagnosis and therapy was 32 months. Twenty-four @entity0 had disease stabilization or partial regression. The mean duration of benefit was 10 months. This benefit was noted in 8 of 13 with a @entity3 , 6 of 14 with @entity4 , and 5 of 12 with @entity6 . Eighteen @entity0 reported mostly self-limiting @entity2 . The frequency of certain @entity4 -specific T lymphocytes in 1 @entity0 with stable disease was found to have increased 10-fold after therapy. Aerosolized @entity7 appears to have limited but promising efficacy in treatment of @entity5 . In one @entity0 , we have evidence of upregulation of @entity4 -specific cytotoxic T-cells. Further study is warranted to understand the impact of this therapy on the natural history of @entity1 .

title: Aerosolized XXXX ( @entity7 ) therapy in @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: A recent phase I study of aerosolized @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity0 with malignant metastases to the lungs demonstrated excellent tolerance and possible efficacy. This therapy was offered to other @entity0 who refused "standard" treatment or when no effective therapy was available. Forty-five @entity0 were treated; 40 had pulmonary metastases. Aerosolized @entity7 (250 microg/dose) was administered twice a day using a 1 week on, 1 week off schedule. The mean interval between diagnosis and therapy was 32 months. Twenty-four @entity0 had disease stabilization or partial regression. The mean duration of benefit was 10 months. This benefit was noted in 8 of 13 with a @entity3 , 6 of 14 with @entity4 , and 5 of 12 with @entity6 . Eighteen @entity0 reported mostly self-limiting @entity2 . The frequency of certain @entity4 -specific T lymphocytes in 1 @entity0 with stable disease was found to have increased 10-fold after therapy. Aerosolized @entity7 appears to have limited but promising efficacy in treatment of @entity5 . In one @entity0 , we have evidence of upregulation of @entity4 -specific cytotoxic T-cells. Further study is warranted to understand the impact of this therapy on the natural history of @entity1 .

title: Aerosolized @entity7 ( XXXX ) therapy in @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the responses of two experimental @entity2 @entity1 to single and fractionated X-ray doses whether or not combined with @entity4 ( @entity5 ), and the distribution of @entity5 in @entity1 using MRI. METHODS: L44 @entity0 in BN @entity2 and @entity3 in Copenhagen @entity2 were grown subcutaneously. @entity5 at concentrations of 8.7 to 25.1 micro mol/kg was administered 2 h before or just before treatments with single and fractionated X-ray doses. @entity1 volume growth delay was the endpoint used. The two-dimensional distribution of the @entity5 concentration in time was analyzed simultaneously in slices through the center of @entity1 using MRI. Directly after the MRI experiments, @entity1 sections were stained for cytoplasm, nuclei, and microvessel endothelium. RESULTS: @entity5 at different concentrations administered a few minutes or 2 h before X-ray doses produced no radiation enhancement in the two @entity1 models. The @entity5 concentration as determined by MRI was maximal 5 min after injection and decreased slowly thereafter. In a representative section at the center of the @entity1 , the microvessel density is nearly homogeneous and correlates with a nearly homogeneous @entity5 distribution. Hardly any @entity5 is taken up in underlying muscle tissue. CONCLUSION: No radiosensitization was observed for the different irradiation regimens. The distribution of @entity5 is nearly homogeneous in the @entity1 and hardly any @entity5 is taken up in underlying muscles. Our negative results on radiosensitivity in our two @entity1 models raise questions about the efficacy of @entity5 as a general radiosensitizing agent.

title: Response to motexafin gadolinium and ionizing radiation of experimental @entity2 prostate and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the responses of two experimental @entity2 @entity1 to single and fractionated X-ray doses whether or not combined with @entity4 ( @entity5 ), and the distribution of @entity5 in @entity1 using MRI. METHODS: L44 @entity0 in BN @entity2 and @entity3 in Copenhagen @entity2 were grown subcutaneously. @entity5 at concentrations of 8.7 to 25.1 micro mol/kg was administered 2 h before or just before treatments with single and fractionated X-ray doses. @entity1 volume growth delay was the endpoint used. The two-dimensional distribution of the @entity5 concentration in time was analyzed simultaneously in slices through the center of @entity1 using MRI. Directly after the MRI experiments, @entity1 sections were stained for cytoplasm, nuclei, and microvessel endothelium. RESULTS: @entity5 at different concentrations administered a few minutes or 2 h before X-ray doses produced no radiation enhancement in the two @entity1 models. The @entity5 concentration as determined by MRI was maximal 5 min after injection and decreased slowly thereafter. In a representative section at the center of the @entity1 , the microvessel density is nearly homogeneous and correlates with a nearly homogeneous @entity5 distribution. Hardly any @entity5 is taken up in underlying muscle tissue. CONCLUSION: No radiosensitization was observed for the different irradiation regimens. The distribution of @entity5 is nearly homogeneous in the @entity1 and hardly any @entity5 is taken up in underlying muscles. Our negative results on radiosensitivity in our two @entity1 models raise questions about the efficacy of @entity5 as a general radiosensitizing agent.

title: Response to motexafin gadolinium and ionizing radiation of experimental XXXX prostate and @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A novel, low elastic modulus femoral component for THR has been developed using a composite of @entity4 and @entity2 fibre. The objectives of this study were to investigate @entity0 osteoblast-like cell and macrophage responses to this material in vitro. Cells were grown on composite discs and controls. Osteoblast attachment and proliferation was not significantly different to that on @entity5 . The levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, Type I collagen production and osteocalcin production were not significantly different to that on @entity5 by the end of the experimental period. @entity1 production by macrophages was significantly less than that detected for cells cultured on @entity3 , but was still greater than that detected for cells cultured on tissue culture plastic and @entity5 . Beta-glucoronidase activity was not significantly different to that detected for cells cultured on tissue culture plastic. The in vitro biocompatibility assessment of this composite undertaken in this study showed initial osteoblast attachment at least comparable to that of the tissue culture plastic and @entity5 controls, with proliferation similar to the controls at all time points up to 11 days. Alkaline phosphatase activity was similar to that of @entity5 but reduced compared to tissue culture plastic controls. Whilst @entity1 production by macrophages was raised on composite surfaces compared to controls, beta-glucoronidase activity and osteoblastic production of Type I collagen and osteocalcin were similar to levels detected on @entity5 .

title: Use of a novel XXXX fibre composite material for the femoral stem component of a THR system: in vitro biological assessment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discover the value of low-dose (LDAT) and standard-dose ACTH tests (SDAT) as compared with the @entity5 test in the diagnosis of @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: LDAT (0.5 microg/m2), SDAT (250 microg/m2) and overnight @entity5 (30 mg/kg) tests were carried out in 29 @entity0 with suspected @entity3 . LDAT and SDAT were also performed in 36 control subjects. RESULTS: 18 of 29 @entity0 were grouped in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) group and 11 of 29 @entity0 in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) group according to the @entity5 test results. The control group had significantly higher @entity1 responses than the @entity2 and @entity2 groups during LDAT. The control group had similar @entity1 responses to the @entity2 group but higher @entity1 responses than the @entity2 group during SDAT. The @entity2 group was divided into 2 subgroups: @entity2 @entity0 with multiple @entity6 ( @entity2 -multiple) and @entity2 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity2 -isolated). The @entity2 -multiple group had statistically lower @entity1 responses than the control group during LDAT. Receiver-operating characteristics analysis revealed that the @entity1 cutoff value in LDAT was 19.8 microg/dl (100% sensitivity, 89% specificity) and 30.4 microg/dl in SDAT (82% sensitivity, 78% specificity). CONCLUSION: LDAT is capable of identifying @entity0 with @entity3 more effectively than SDAT. The @entity1 cutoff value in LDAT was calculated as 19.8 microg/dl with 100% sensitivity. @entity2 @entity0 with multiple @entity6 had lower @entity1 responses to LDAT than the control group implying that these @entity0 might have a lower @entity1 secretory capacity than healthy subjects.

title: Significance of low-dose and standard-dose ACTH tests compared to overnight @entity5 test in the diagnosis of XXXX in childhood.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discover the value of low-dose (LDAT) and standard-dose ACTH tests (SDAT) as compared with the @entity5 test in the diagnosis of @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: LDAT (0.5 microg/m2), SDAT (250 microg/m2) and overnight @entity5 (30 mg/kg) tests were carried out in 29 @entity0 with suspected @entity3 . LDAT and SDAT were also performed in 36 control subjects. RESULTS: 18 of 29 @entity0 were grouped in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) group and 11 of 29 @entity0 in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) group according to the @entity5 test results. The control group had significantly higher @entity1 responses than the @entity2 and @entity2 groups during LDAT. The control group had similar @entity1 responses to the @entity2 group but higher @entity1 responses than the @entity2 group during SDAT. The @entity2 group was divided into 2 subgroups: @entity2 @entity0 with multiple @entity6 ( @entity2 -multiple) and @entity2 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity2 -isolated). The @entity2 -multiple group had statistically lower @entity1 responses than the control group during LDAT. Receiver-operating characteristics analysis revealed that the @entity1 cutoff value in LDAT was 19.8 microg/dl (100% sensitivity, 89% specificity) and 30.4 microg/dl in SDAT (82% sensitivity, 78% specificity). CONCLUSION: LDAT is capable of identifying @entity0 with @entity3 more effectively than SDAT. The @entity1 cutoff value in LDAT was calculated as 19.8 microg/dl with 100% sensitivity. @entity2 @entity0 with multiple @entity6 had lower @entity1 responses to LDAT than the control group implying that these @entity0 might have a lower @entity1 secretory capacity than healthy subjects.

title: Significance of low-dose and standard-dose ACTH tests compared to overnight XXXX test in the diagnosis of @entity3 in childhood.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: In Japan, leukocytapheresis has become an accepted therapy for @entity1 . The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the efficacy of additional leukocytapheresis in @entity0 with moderate-to-severe recurrence of @entity1 . METHODS: From 1998 to 2002, 35 @entity0 with moderate-to-severe recurrence of @entity1 were treated by intravenous @entity2 only or @entity2 plus leukocytapheresis once per week. Previous clinical features of @entity1 , activity index at four weeks, and subsequent course were compared between @entity0 with leukocytapheresis and those without. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity0 were treated with @entity2 only ( @entity2 group), and 19 @entity0 were treated with @entity2 plus leukocytapheresis (leukocytapheresis group). Previous @entity2 dose (13.6 +/- 10.4 g vs. 7.9 +/- 9.8 g; P < 0.05) was higher in the leukocytapheresis group than the @entity2 group. Clinical response rate at four weeks was not different between the two groups (leukocytapheresis group, 68.4 percent vs. @entity2 group, 75 percent). However, @entity1 activity index at four weeks was significantly higher in the leukocytapheresis group than the @entity2 group (180.5 +/- 44.2 vs. 142.5 +/- 45.3; P < 0.05). During the subsequent clinical course, 15 of 35 @entity0 required proctocolectomy (leukocytapheresis group, 11 @entity0 vs. @entity2 group, 4 @entity0 ). Proctocolectomy rate was significantly different when @entity0 were divided by previous @entity2 dose (P = 0.0029) and @entity1 activity index at four weeks (P = 0.002), but it was not different according to the application of leukocytapheresis. Cox proportional hazards model revealed previous @entity2 dose to be the only independent risk factor for proctocolectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of leukocytapheresis to @entity2 therapy does not seem beneficial in @entity1 @entity0 with moderate-to-severe recurrence.

title: Addition of leukocytapheresis to steroid therapy: is it beneficial in recurrence of moderate-to-severe XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 of the tibial tuberosity is a rarely reported @entity3 . It is mainly considered as an @entity5 accounting for less than 3% of all @entity1 . In this study, we hypothesized that the use of tension band wiring as a supplement of the internal fixation for the @entity2 fractures of the tibial tuberosity would lead the adolescent athletes to a more effective rehabilitation program and an earlier resumption of their previous activity level. Ten @entity0 were treated in our department over a period of 11 years (1985-1995). Operative treatment was thought necessary for all our cases due to tibial tuberosity displacement. Open reduction and internal fixation in combination with tension band wiring was used. The result in all cases was that the reduction was maintained intact and the @entity3 united. The functional results were excellent, and all @entity0 returned to their previous athletic activities. Our conclusion is that the combination of internal fixation and tension band wiring for @entity2 fractures of the tibial tuberosity seems to be more effective and advantageous than conservative or other surgical methods. Avoiding the need of external support and allowing early joint motion, the method described prevents serious @entity4 , allowing the young athletes to return earlier to their previous sport activities.

title: XXXX in adolescent athletes treated by internal fixation and tension band wiring.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: More than one-half the deaths of @entity0 admitted to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) occur after a decision to forgo life-sustaining therapy (DFLST). Although DFLSTs typically occur in @entity0 with severe comorbidities and intractable acute medical disorders, other factors may influence the likelihood of DFLSTs. The objectives of this study were to describe the factors and mortality associated with DFLSTs and to evaluate the potential independent impact of DFLSTs on hospital mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective multicenter 2-year study in six @entity3 in France. @entity0 : The 1,698 @entity0 admitted to the participating @entity3 during the study period, including 295 (17.4%) with DFLSTs. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The impact of DFLSTs on hospital mortality was evaluated using a model that incorporates changes in daily logistic organ dysfunction scores during the first ICU week. Univariate predictors of @entity1 included demographic factors (age, gender), comorbidities, reasons for ICU admission, severity scores at ICU admission, and DFLSTs. In a stepwise Cox model five variables independently predicted mortality: good chronic health status (hazard ratio, 0.479), SAPS II score higher than 39 (2.05), @entity2 (1.463), daily logistic organ dysfunction score (1.357 per point), and DFLSTs (1.887). CONCLUSIONS: DFLSTs remain independently associated with @entity1 after adjusting on comorbidities and severity at ICU admission and within the first ICU week. This highlights the need for further clarifying the many determinants of DFLSTs and for routinely collecting DFLSTs in studies with survival as the outcome variable of interest.

title: Decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapy in ICU @entity0 independently predict XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: More than one-half the deaths of @entity0 admitted to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) occur after a decision to forgo life-sustaining therapy (DFLST). Although DFLSTs typically occur in @entity0 with severe comorbidities and intractable acute medical disorders, other factors may influence the likelihood of DFLSTs. The objectives of this study were to describe the factors and mortality associated with DFLSTs and to evaluate the potential independent impact of DFLSTs on hospital mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective multicenter 2-year study in six @entity3 in France. @entity0 : The 1,698 @entity0 admitted to the participating @entity3 during the study period, including 295 (17.4%) with DFLSTs. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The impact of DFLSTs on hospital mortality was evaluated using a model that incorporates changes in daily logistic organ dysfunction scores during the first ICU week. Univariate predictors of @entity1 included demographic factors (age, gender), comorbidities, reasons for ICU admission, severity scores at ICU admission, and DFLSTs. In a stepwise Cox model five variables independently predicted mortality: good chronic health status (hazard ratio, 0.479), SAPS II score higher than 39 (2.05), @entity2 (1.463), daily logistic organ dysfunction score (1.357 per point), and DFLSTs (1.887). CONCLUSIONS: DFLSTs remain independently associated with @entity1 after adjusting on comorbidities and severity at ICU admission and within the first ICU week. This highlights the need for further clarifying the many determinants of DFLSTs and for routinely collecting DFLSTs in studies with survival as the outcome variable of interest.

title: Decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapy in ICU XXXX independently predict @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of @entity0 with @entity8 associated with temporal artery involvement. METHODS: From a cohort of 120 @entity0 fulfilling American College of Rheumatology criteria for temporal @entity5 , we retrospectively identified 7 @entity0 with @entity8 associated with histological temporal @entity5 . RESULTS: Among the 7 @entity0 , 2 had classic @entity7 , one had unclassified @entity8 , one had @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and 3 had microscopic @entity4 . The mean age of the @entity0 was 70.2 years, and cranial symptoms revealed the disease in all but one @entity0 . @entity2 was generally associated with extracephalic manifestations suggestive of @entity8 . Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies were positive in 3 of the 4 @entity0 with @entity6 . Pathologically, the main temporal artery was involved in all but one @entity0 , with inflammatory infiltrate of vasa vasorum and adventitia associated in 5 with small tributary involvement. @entity1 was rare, observed in 2 specimens; 2 @entity0 with unclassified @entity8 and @entity4 had a classic @entity2 ( @entity2 ) histologic pattern. Only one @entity0 had exclusive involvement of small vessels, surrounding the spared main temporal artery. Muscle biopsies showed histopathological evidence of @entity3 in 2 @entity0 , skin biopsy in one, and vein biopsy in the other. CONCLUSION: Temporal artery involvement in @entity8 was generally associated with extracranial clinical features suggestive of @entity8 . Temporal artery biopsy is a simple tool for diagnosis of @entity3 , but the histopathological findings do not always discriminate between @entity3 and @entity2 .

title: XXXX associated with @entity8 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of @entity0 with @entity8 associated with temporal artery involvement. METHODS: From a cohort of 120 @entity0 fulfilling American College of Rheumatology criteria for temporal @entity5 , we retrospectively identified 7 @entity0 with @entity8 associated with histological temporal @entity5 . RESULTS: Among the 7 @entity0 , 2 had classic @entity7 , one had unclassified @entity8 , one had @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and 3 had microscopic @entity4 . The mean age of the @entity0 was 70.2 years, and cranial symptoms revealed the disease in all but one @entity0 . @entity2 was generally associated with extracephalic manifestations suggestive of @entity8 . Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies were positive in 3 of the 4 @entity0 with @entity6 . Pathologically, the main temporal artery was involved in all but one @entity0 , with inflammatory infiltrate of vasa vasorum and adventitia associated in 5 with small tributary involvement. @entity1 was rare, observed in 2 specimens; 2 @entity0 with unclassified @entity8 and @entity4 had a classic @entity2 ( @entity2 ) histologic pattern. Only one @entity0 had exclusive involvement of small vessels, surrounding the spared main temporal artery. Muscle biopsies showed histopathological evidence of @entity3 in 2 @entity0 , skin biopsy in one, and vein biopsy in the other. CONCLUSION: Temporal artery involvement in @entity8 was generally associated with extracranial clinical features suggestive of @entity8 . Temporal artery biopsy is a simple tool for diagnosis of @entity3 , but the histopathological findings do not always discriminate between @entity3 and @entity2 .

title: @entity2 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate that, using @entity0 demographics and other risk factors readily obtained from computerized databases, one can predict a priori the risk for developing a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) associated @entity2 prior to exposing @entity0 to therapy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using computer-stored information from a large group-model health maintenance organization. All @entity0 who received one or more prescriptions for a single NSAID over a 9 month period were eligible. Historical and risk factor data was obtained for age, sex, prior @entity2 , use of GI medications, @entity1 use, and use of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD). We tested a model (eSCORE) that is based on a previous risk stratification method. The primary outcome was a hospital admission for a @entity2 (GI event). RESULTS: A total of 303,211 NSAID @entity0 -users met eligibility requirements. Serious GI events occurred in 302 @entity0 , for a rate of 0.68% (0.68 events per 100 @entity0 -years' exposure). All the risk factors except DMARD use were associated with a significant increase in the GI event rate. Higher eSCORE points were associated with increased GI event rates. CONCLUSION: The study supports the concept that the rate of GI events can be predicted by a defined set of easily assessed @entity0 criteria using the eSCORE. Stratification of @entity0 by risk score can guide the physician to appropriate therapeutic options, with the potential of protecting @entity0 at greatest risk for a GI event.

title: Predicting the risk of XXXX due to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: NSAID electronic assessment of risk.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 , like that inflicted by @entity3 , is not much known, unpredictable and can emerge everywhere in the body. Yet 2 to 4% of the population suffer from this disease, of which 73 to 88% are @entity0 . In fact @entity3 is more wide spread than the more known @entity4 . This research work presents the experience of @entity0 in their struggle against this incurable disease and the progress made in the fight against it. The @entity1 Trajectory by Corbin and Strauss (1992) is used as a theoretical framework. Six @entity0 , over fifty years of age and suffering from @entity3 for over ten years, were interviewed. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the grounded theory methodology. The instability during disease development, referred to in this paper as "up and down", is an important phenomenon. Along with the @entity2 " goes the feeling of "not being taken seriously". Results have proven that an interdisciplinary approach is the best way to help those that cope with @entity3 .

title: [Up and down--the experience of XXXX with the rheumatic illness fibromyalgia].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Stool cultures of 188 @entity0 hospitalized for @entity6 in a two-year period (1981-1982) yielded Salmonella in 25.5%, Campylobacter in 16.0%, and @entity7 in 3.7% of cases. Rotavirus was identified in 22.3% of cases. Out of 82 @entity2 -positive microorganisms isolated from as many cases, three (one @entity1 and two @entity8 ) produced heat-labile enterotoxin and two @entity1 strains a "cytotoxic" toxin (in an HEp-2 in vitro model); two other @entity1 strains possessed adhesive properties for HEp-2 cells in vitro; none revealed enteroinvasive for HEp-2 cells. Two out of 70 @entity1 strains were EPEC. From stools of 643 childhood out- @entity0 Salmonella was isolated in 9.6% of cases; Campylobacter and @entity7 in 9.0% and in 0.6% of cases respectively. Rotavirus was not looked for. Shigella strains were not isolated. Among 622 @entity0 without gastrointestinal symptoms, five (0.8%) excreted campylobacters and one (0.16%) salmonella. @entity0 of 18-24 months of age were significantly more often infected with Campylobacter. Gross blood in feces, body temperature greater than 38 degrees C, and @entity5 were significantly more often associated with @entity9 and absence of @entity3 with @entity10 . Other features were not significantly associated with the etiological agent of the illness. Except for @entity9 , the @entity4 cases did not show any pronounced seasonal pattern.

title: A prospective etiological and clinical study on XXXX in Italian @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Stool cultures of 188 @entity0 hospitalized for @entity6 in a two-year period (1981-1982) yielded Salmonella in 25.5%, Campylobacter in 16.0%, and @entity7 in 3.7% of cases. Rotavirus was identified in 22.3% of cases. Out of 82 @entity2 -positive microorganisms isolated from as many cases, three (one @entity1 and two @entity8 ) produced heat-labile enterotoxin and two @entity1 strains a "cytotoxic" toxin (in an HEp-2 in vitro model); two other @entity1 strains possessed adhesive properties for HEp-2 cells in vitro; none revealed enteroinvasive for HEp-2 cells. Two out of 70 @entity1 strains were EPEC. From stools of 643 childhood out- @entity0 Salmonella was isolated in 9.6% of cases; Campylobacter and @entity7 in 9.0% and in 0.6% of cases respectively. Rotavirus was not looked for. Shigella strains were not isolated. Among 622 @entity0 without gastrointestinal symptoms, five (0.8%) excreted campylobacters and one (0.16%) salmonella. @entity0 of 18-24 months of age were significantly more often infected with Campylobacter. Gross blood in feces, body temperature greater than 38 degrees C, and @entity5 were significantly more often associated with @entity9 and absence of @entity3 with @entity10 . Other features were not significantly associated with the etiological agent of the illness. Except for @entity9 , the @entity4 cases did not show any pronounced seasonal pattern.

title: A prospective etiological and clinical study on @entity6 in Italian XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Two widely used tensionless mid urethral slings currently available are the @entity6 @entity5 sling (American Medical Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota) and the TVT (tensionless vaginal tape, Ethicon, New Brunswick, New Jersey). As with the TVT system, the @entity6 has been suggested as an outpatient procedure. We present the early complications of our first 140 slings, based on which we recommend that observation of all @entity0 overnight following the @entity6 sling be considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of the first 140 @entity0 who received the @entity6 @entity5 pubovaginal sling at our institution to evaluate for early complications requiring intervention. Because we wished to evaluate for @entity3 , we checked the hematocrit on postoperative day 1 in the last 57 @entity0 regardless of @entity2 in the operating room. RESULTS: A total of 6 @entity0 required intervention in the early postoperative period, including transfusion in 4 immediately postoperatively for @entity3 . One @entity0 had presented with pelvic @entity1 1 week postoperatively and was found to have a large retropubic @entity4 that required percutaneous drainage. The final @entity0 was discharged home on postoperative day 1 in stable condition but presented on postoperative day 4 with drainage from a suprapubic incision. She had a perforation through a loop of small bowel that required resection of a short segment of the bowel and removal of the sling. The mean decrease in hematocrit from preoperative to postoperative day 1 was 7.1% (range 1% to 14%) despite a mean intraoperative @entity2 in this group of 170 cc (range less than 50 to 700). CONCLUSIONS: We recommend caution with any @entity0 who receives a sling that requires passage of needles through the retropubic space, which can result in occult @entity3 , and dilation of the tract. While visceral injury is exceedingly rare, it must be discussed as a possible risk of the surgery. We continue to advocate @entity6 as an excellent sling option but we caution surgeons of the potential complications and urge careful postoperative monitoring. We recommend that @entity6 not routinely be considered as an outpatient procedure.

title: Perioperative complications: the first 140 XXXX pubovaginal slings.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of lymph node and @entity2 in newly diagnosed @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and to describe possible predictive factors. METHODS: We used our prospectively acquired databases to identify 275 consecutive @entity0 with uterine @entity3 treated from 7/82 to 12/01. @entity0 were included if there was clear documentation of lymph nodes and/or ovarian tissue in the pathologic reports. Clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records. Statistical analysis using the Fisher exact test was used to determine prognostic factors. RESULTS: There were 108 @entity0 (39.2%) identified in whom an oophorectomy and 37 @entity0 (13.5%) in whom lymph node sampling was performed as part of the initial surgical management of uterine @entity3 . Bilateral oophorectomy was performed in 102 (94.4%) of the 108 @entity0 . The median numbers of pelvic, para-aortic, and total lymph nodes acquired were 5 (range, 1-27), 3 (range, 1-9), and 6 (range, 1-34), respectively. Ovarian @entity1 were found in 4 (3.9%) out of 108 @entity0 . Two (2.8%) of the 71 @entity0 with disease confined to the uterus and/or cervix (stage I/II) and 2 (5.4%) of the 37 @entity0 with gross extrauterine disease had @entity2 (P = 0.43). Positive lymph nodes were seen in 3 (8.1%) of 37 @entity0 . No @entity0 with stage I/II disease had positive lymph nodes (P = 0.015). None of the factors analyzed predicted for @entity1 to the ovary. Only the presence or absence of gross extrauterine disease correlated with lymph node @entity1 . In addition, all three of these cases had clinically suspicious (enlarged) lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ovarian and lymph node @entity1 in uterine @entity3 is very low and is most commonly associated with extrauterine disease. Lymph node dissection for uterine @entity3 should be reserved for @entity0 with clinically suspicious nodes.

title: Incidence of lymph node and @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of lymph node and @entity2 in newly diagnosed @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and to describe possible predictive factors. METHODS: We used our prospectively acquired databases to identify 275 consecutive @entity0 with uterine @entity3 treated from 7/82 to 12/01. @entity0 were included if there was clear documentation of lymph nodes and/or ovarian tissue in the pathologic reports. Clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records. Statistical analysis using the Fisher exact test was used to determine prognostic factors. RESULTS: There were 108 @entity0 (39.2%) identified in whom an oophorectomy and 37 @entity0 (13.5%) in whom lymph node sampling was performed as part of the initial surgical management of uterine @entity3 . Bilateral oophorectomy was performed in 102 (94.4%) of the 108 @entity0 . The median numbers of pelvic, para-aortic, and total lymph nodes acquired were 5 (range, 1-27), 3 (range, 1-9), and 6 (range, 1-34), respectively. Ovarian @entity1 were found in 4 (3.9%) out of 108 @entity0 . Two (2.8%) of the 71 @entity0 with disease confined to the uterus and/or cervix (stage I/II) and 2 (5.4%) of the 37 @entity0 with gross extrauterine disease had @entity2 (P = 0.43). Positive lymph nodes were seen in 3 (8.1%) of 37 @entity0 . No @entity0 with stage I/II disease had positive lymph nodes (P = 0.015). None of the factors analyzed predicted for @entity1 to the ovary. Only the presence or absence of gross extrauterine disease correlated with lymph node @entity1 . In addition, all three of these cases had clinically suspicious (enlarged) lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ovarian and lymph node @entity1 in uterine @entity3 is very low and is most commonly associated with extrauterine disease. Lymph node dissection for uterine @entity3 should be reserved for @entity0 with clinically suspicious nodes.

title: Incidence of lymph node and XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the long-term outcomes and pattern of failures for @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective review of all @entity0 with @entity1 presented to our institution between 1978 and 1993 was performed. One hundred ten @entity0 were eligible and form the basis of this analysis. Fifty-seven @entity0 were male. The median age was 57 years (range: 21-82 years). The treatments were as follows: chemotherapy alone ( @entity7 ), 39 @entity0 ; combined modality with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), 69; radiation therapy alone, 2. Radiation therapy fields were as follows: regional, 13 @entity0 ; extended, 6; subtotal, 44; and central lymphatic, 8. The median number of chemotherapy cycles was 8, and 98 @entity0 received @entity2 -containing regimens. Enough information was available to calculate the International Prognostic Index for 107 @entity0 . The following prognostic factors were examined for predictive value in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and freedom from progression (FFP) by univariate and multivariate analyses: International Prognostic Index, gender, @entity3 dehydrogenase (LDH) (normal vs. elevated), B symptoms, performance status, @entity6 , presence or absence of a bulky disease, age (</= vs. >60 years), number of sites of involvement, treatment ( @entity7 vs. @entity4 ), and pathology. To minimize @entity0 selection biases given the nature of the retrospective analysis, the patterns of relapse were analyzed only for the @entity0 who achieved a complete response. RESULTS: The median follow-up for the alive @entity0 was 9.5 years (range: 1.1-19.5 years). Complete response was achieved in 80 @entity0 : 24 of 39 @entity0 in the @entity7 group (62%), 54 of 69 @entity0 in the @entity4 group (78%), and 2 of 2 @entity0 in the radiation therapy alone group. The actuarial 5- and 10-year @entity5 rates were 65% and 42%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year FFP was 42% and 26%, respectively. Significant prognostic factors by multivariate analyses were age and LDH for @entity5 and LDH for FFP. For complete responders, 5-year freedom from recurrence in the original sites of involvement (with or without recurrence in the new sites) was 43% for @entity7 and 60% for @entity4 @entity0 (p = 0.03, Wilcoxon). Five-year freedom from isolated recurrence in the original sites of involvement was 60% for @entity7 and 69% for @entity4 @entity0 (p = 0.17). The 5-year overall FFP was 43% for @entity7 @entity0 and 56% for @entity4 @entity0 (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Combined modality treatment seems to give an advantage in terms of disease control in the primary sites compared to chemotherapy alone, though the advantages in @entity5 and FFP were not statistically significant in our @entity0 population. By multivariate analyses, LDH was a significant prognostic indicator for @entity5 and FFP, whereas age was for @entity5 .

title: XXXX : long-term follow-up and patterns of failure.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Spontaneously occurring abnormal behaviors in animals have recently received considerable attention, both in veterinary medicine and as a potential model for @entity3 in several @entity0 @entity3 . Stereotypies are abnormal repetitive, unvarying, and functionless behaviors that are often performed by captive and domesticated animals housed in barren environments. They closely resemble the stereotypies of @entity7 and @entity6 @entity0 , stereotypies of unmedicated chronic @entity4 @entity0 , certain classes of simple tic in @entity9 , and several drug-induced behaviors. However, evidence for a common mechanism has been lacking. Stereotypies in @entity0 @entity3 are indicative of profound @entity2 involving the basal ganglia, and are associated with pervasive @entity1 and @entity5 . Here we show that stereotypy in captive Orange-Wing Amazon Parrots (Amazona amazonica) is correlated with poor performance on the same psychiatric task (the 'gambling task') as stereotypy in @entity7 and @entity4 @entity0 . The task measures recurrent perseveration-the tendency to inappropriately repeat responses. Thus, the more stereotypy a parrot performed, the more likely it was to inappropriately repeat itself from trial-to-trial on the task; and the more rapidly it made repeated, but not switched, responses. These results parallel the executive @entity1 seen in @entity0 @entity0 , and therefore suggest that, like in @entity0 @entity0 , stereotypy in caged parrots reflects a general disinhibition of the behavioral control mechanisms of the dorsal basal ganglia. If this result holds true in other laboratory species, stereotypic animals are likely to be of questionable utility in behavior, neuroscience, and neuropharmacological experiments. In @entity0 , stereotypies and @entity8 are considered to be mutually exclusive categories of behavior, with different neural substrates, and different treatment strategies. These results, therefore, suggest that the pharmacological treatment of stereotypies in veterinary medicine based on the assumption that they are equivalent to @entity0 @entity8 may be inappropriate. As stereotypies in captive animals develop in response to the captive environment, these results also emphasize the role that the environment may play in eliciting or exacerbating stereotypy in @entity0 @entity0 . Finally, by parallel to @entity0 @entity0 , there is a potential @entity5 in animals showing these behaviors.

title: Stereotypies in caged parrots, @entity4 and XXXX : evidence for a common mechanism.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Spontaneously occurring abnormal behaviors in animals have recently received considerable attention, both in veterinary medicine and as a potential model for @entity3 in several @entity0 @entity3 . Stereotypies are abnormal repetitive, unvarying, and functionless behaviors that are often performed by captive and domesticated animals housed in barren environments. They closely resemble the stereotypies of @entity7 and @entity6 @entity0 , stereotypies of unmedicated chronic @entity4 @entity0 , certain classes of simple tic in @entity9 , and several drug-induced behaviors. However, evidence for a common mechanism has been lacking. Stereotypies in @entity0 @entity3 are indicative of profound @entity2 involving the basal ganglia, and are associated with pervasive @entity1 and @entity5 . Here we show that stereotypy in captive Orange-Wing Amazon Parrots (Amazona amazonica) is correlated with poor performance on the same psychiatric task (the 'gambling task') as stereotypy in @entity7 and @entity4 @entity0 . The task measures recurrent perseveration-the tendency to inappropriately repeat responses. Thus, the more stereotypy a parrot performed, the more likely it was to inappropriately repeat itself from trial-to-trial on the task; and the more rapidly it made repeated, but not switched, responses. These results parallel the executive @entity1 seen in @entity0 @entity0 , and therefore suggest that, like in @entity0 @entity0 , stereotypy in caged parrots reflects a general disinhibition of the behavioral control mechanisms of the dorsal basal ganglia. If this result holds true in other laboratory species, stereotypic animals are likely to be of questionable utility in behavior, neuroscience, and neuropharmacological experiments. In @entity0 , stereotypies and @entity8 are considered to be mutually exclusive categories of behavior, with different neural substrates, and different treatment strategies. These results, therefore, suggest that the pharmacological treatment of stereotypies in veterinary medicine based on the assumption that they are equivalent to @entity0 @entity8 may be inappropriate. As stereotypies in captive animals develop in response to the captive environment, these results also emphasize the role that the environment may play in eliciting or exacerbating stereotypy in @entity0 @entity0 . Finally, by parallel to @entity0 @entity0 , there is a potential @entity5 in animals showing these behaviors.

title: Stereotypies in caged parrots, XXXX and @entity7 : evidence for a common mechanism.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effects of botulinum A neurotoxin and @entity2 toxin were studied in cultured @entity1 spinal cord neurons. In approximately 60% of the neurons (n = 150), botulinum A neurotoxin caused paroxysmal depolarizing events. In two cells hyperpolarizing shifts were observed. The pattern of the burst-like activity varied in shape and frequency in individual cells. Between the paroxysmal events, ongoing synaptic activity could be recorded. The other 40% of the treated neurons did not develop a characteristic pattern of bursts, but there was a decrease in frequency of synaptically generated events. In contrast to botulinum A neurotoxin, @entity2 toxin invariably produced well organized paroxysmal events without any synaptic activity between them. At later stages botulinum A neurotoxin and @entity2 toxin blocked inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials in all neurons studied. These results have demonstrated, for the first time using electrophysiological techniques, that botulinum A @entity3 both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the @entity0 central nervous system. There are however differences between these effects of botulinum A neurotoxin and the actions of @entity2 toxin on these cells. It is suggested that at the femtomolar range @entity2 toxin blocks selectively central inhibitory systems and botulinum A neurotoxin the motor endplate. At the @entity4 affect many if not all, transmitter systems.

title: Botulinum A neurotoxin inhibits non-cholinergic synaptic transmission in XXXX spinal cord neurons in culture.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Owing to the advent of refined chest computed tomography (CT) images with higher resolution and CT screening programs, more faint and @entity1 are being discovered. These include small-sized @entity1 such as those with a subcentimeter diameter, which had never been picked up on the routine chest roentgenogram films. However their clinicopathological characteristics with special reference to the proper surgical mode are not fully described so far. METHODS: During a 10-year period from 1991 through 2000 a total of 1,769 @entity1 were resected at the National @entity3 Center Hospital, Tokyo. According to the pathology files of these @entity0 , 51 @entity0 had a @entity3 with the diameter of 1 cm or less. Three @entity3 arising in the bronchial lumina of hilum with a @entity7 histology were excluded and the remaining 48 @entity3 of peripheral origin were studied. The clinicopathological features were analyzed according to three types of appearance on high-resolution CT: non-solid ground glass opacity (GGO) type (n = 19); part-solid GGO type (n = 9); and solid type (n = 20). Non-solid GGO is made up of homogeneous moderate increased density on CT, which cannot obscure the bronchovascular structure, whereas partly solid GGO contains a mere solid part but did not exceed 50% of the whole area (n = 9). All other lesions were considered solid type. RESULTS: For the three types of lesions, the distribution of age and sex was similar with the average age of 61 years and an almost even distribution of male/female @entity0 . Although 6 @entity0 had symptoms, the symptoms were not associated with the nodule itself. Twenty-six @entity0 (54%) were screen-detected (16 chest roentgenogram films and 10 CT scans) and the others were detected by incidentally taken chest roentgenogram film or CT for other reasons than nodules detected. Two @entity7 were positive for sputum cytology. Preoperative cytologic/histologic diagnosis was given in 14 @entity0 (29%). The histologic type of GGO lesion was @entity5 in all 28 cases. In solid lesions, besides 16 @entity6 2 cases of @entity7 , 1 case each of @entity8 and @entity3 was seen. Lymph node involvement was seen only in 3 @entity0 with solid lesions (N1 in 2 @entity0 , N2 in 1 @entity0 ). As for operative mode, the limited resection was performed for 15 @entity4 (54%) and 4 solid lesions (20%). @entity3 recurrence was seen in 2 @entity0 with solid lesions-1 in bone and the other in locoregional lymph node, and the former died of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 , @entity4 (both non-solid and part-solid) constitute @entity1 . Since they have minimal or no invasive growth, limited resection for cure is justified. Conversely the solid lesion had significant invasive features such as lymph node @entity2 . Lobectomy should remain as the standard mode of surgery despite such small size.

title: A clinicopathological study of resected XXXX : a favorable prognosis for ground glass opacity lesions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report two cases of prenatally diagnosed cystic @entity2 (PDCN). In the first case, prenatal ultrasonography (US) at 33 weeks' gestation showed a 30 x 20 mm cyst at the upper pole of the right kidney. The size and content of the mass demonstrated no change during pregnancy. Postnatal US showed no change in the @entity3 4 weeks after birth compared to the prenatal findings. The @entity0 underwent total resection of the @entity1 at 28 days of age. In the second case, a left @entity3 measuring 50 x 40 mm was detected in a fetus in the 37th week of pregnancy. Postnatal US showed a @entity3 in the left adrenal gland. The US findings showed no change 18 days after birth and the @entity0 underwent total resection of the @entity1 at 19 days of age. In both cases, pathological examination revealed a @entity2 and all of the biological prognostic factors were favourable. Surgical intervention was necessary for a final histological and biological diagnosis to be made. We recommend that prenatally suspected @entity2 should normally undergo surgical intervention, unless @entity1 size decreases within about 1 month after birth.

title: Prenatally diagnosed cystic XXXX : a report of two cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) @entity2 mediated by dual @entity8 and @entity7 inhibition of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause serious alterations of mucosal integrity or, more commonly, intolerable @entity3 that may necessitate discontinuation of therapy. Unlike NSAIDs, @entity9 targets only the @entity7 isoform. OBJECTIVE: To assess the tolerability of @entity9 compared with @entity6 for treatment of @entity4 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: 600 office and clinical research sites. @entity0 : 5557 @entity0 (mean age, 63 years) with a baseline diagnosis of @entity4 of the knee, hip, hand, or spine. INTERVENTION: @entity9 , 25 mg/d, or @entity6 , 500 mg twice daily. Use of routine medications, including @entity1 , was permitted. MEASUREMENTS: Discontinuation due to GI adverse events (primary end point) and use of concomitant medication to treat @entity3 (secondary end point). Efficacy was determined by @entity0 -reported global assessment of disease status and the Australian/Canadian @entity4 Hand Index, as well as discontinuations due to lack of efficacy. @entity0 were evaluated at baseline and at weeks 6 and 12. RESULTS: Rates of cumulative discontinuation due to GI adverse events were statistically significantly lower in the @entity9 group than in the @entity6 group (5.9% vs. 8.1%; relative risk, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.60 to 0.92]; P = 0.005), as were rates of cumulative use of medication to treat @entity3 (9.1% vs. 11.2%; relative risk, 0.79 [CI, 0.66 to 0.96]; P = 0.014]). Subgroup analysis of @entity0 who used low-dose @entity1 (13%) and those who previously discontinued using @entity5 medication because of @entity3 (15%) demonstrated a relative risk similar to the overall sample for discontinuation due to GI adverse events (relative risk, 0.56 [CI, 0.31 to 1.01] and 0.53 [CI, 0.34 to 0.84], respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed between treatments for efficacy in treating @entity4 or for occurrence of other adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity4 treated for 12 weeks, @entity9 , 25 mg/d, was as effective as @entity6 , 500 mg twice daily, but had statistically significantly superior GI tolerability and led to less use of concomitant GI medications. Benefits of @entity9 in subgroup analyses were consistent with findings in the overall sample.

title: Gastrointestinal tolerability and effectiveness of XXXX versus @entity6 in the treatment of @entity4 : a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) @entity2 mediated by dual @entity8 and @entity7 inhibition of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause serious alterations of mucosal integrity or, more commonly, intolerable @entity3 that may necessitate discontinuation of therapy. Unlike NSAIDs, @entity9 targets only the @entity7 isoform. OBJECTIVE: To assess the tolerability of @entity9 compared with @entity6 for treatment of @entity4 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: 600 office and clinical research sites. @entity0 : 5557 @entity0 (mean age, 63 years) with a baseline diagnosis of @entity4 of the knee, hip, hand, or spine. INTERVENTION: @entity9 , 25 mg/d, or @entity6 , 500 mg twice daily. Use of routine medications, including @entity1 , was permitted. MEASUREMENTS: Discontinuation due to GI adverse events (primary end point) and use of concomitant medication to treat @entity3 (secondary end point). Efficacy was determined by @entity0 -reported global assessment of disease status and the Australian/Canadian @entity4 Hand Index, as well as discontinuations due to lack of efficacy. @entity0 were evaluated at baseline and at weeks 6 and 12. RESULTS: Rates of cumulative discontinuation due to GI adverse events were statistically significantly lower in the @entity9 group than in the @entity6 group (5.9% vs. 8.1%; relative risk, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.60 to 0.92]; P = 0.005), as were rates of cumulative use of medication to treat @entity3 (9.1% vs. 11.2%; relative risk, 0.79 [CI, 0.66 to 0.96]; P = 0.014]). Subgroup analysis of @entity0 who used low-dose @entity1 (13%) and those who previously discontinued using @entity5 medication because of @entity3 (15%) demonstrated a relative risk similar to the overall sample for discontinuation due to GI adverse events (relative risk, 0.56 [CI, 0.31 to 1.01] and 0.53 [CI, 0.34 to 0.84], respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed between treatments for efficacy in treating @entity4 or for occurrence of other adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity4 treated for 12 weeks, @entity9 , 25 mg/d, was as effective as @entity6 , 500 mg twice daily, but had statistically significantly superior GI tolerability and led to less use of concomitant GI medications. Benefits of @entity9 in subgroup analyses were consistent with findings in the overall sample.

title: Gastrointestinal tolerability and effectiveness of @entity9 versus XXXX in the treatment of @entity4 : a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) @entity2 mediated by dual @entity8 and @entity7 inhibition of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause serious alterations of mucosal integrity or, more commonly, intolerable @entity3 that may necessitate discontinuation of therapy. Unlike NSAIDs, @entity9 targets only the @entity7 isoform. OBJECTIVE: To assess the tolerability of @entity9 compared with @entity6 for treatment of @entity4 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: 600 office and clinical research sites. @entity0 : 5557 @entity0 (mean age, 63 years) with a baseline diagnosis of @entity4 of the knee, hip, hand, or spine. INTERVENTION: @entity9 , 25 mg/d, or @entity6 , 500 mg twice daily. Use of routine medications, including @entity1 , was permitted. MEASUREMENTS: Discontinuation due to GI adverse events (primary end point) and use of concomitant medication to treat @entity3 (secondary end point). Efficacy was determined by @entity0 -reported global assessment of disease status and the Australian/Canadian @entity4 Hand Index, as well as discontinuations due to lack of efficacy. @entity0 were evaluated at baseline and at weeks 6 and 12. RESULTS: Rates of cumulative discontinuation due to GI adverse events were statistically significantly lower in the @entity9 group than in the @entity6 group (5.9% vs. 8.1%; relative risk, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.60 to 0.92]; P = 0.005), as were rates of cumulative use of medication to treat @entity3 (9.1% vs. 11.2%; relative risk, 0.79 [CI, 0.66 to 0.96]; P = 0.014]). Subgroup analysis of @entity0 who used low-dose @entity1 (13%) and those who previously discontinued using @entity5 medication because of @entity3 (15%) demonstrated a relative risk similar to the overall sample for discontinuation due to GI adverse events (relative risk, 0.56 [CI, 0.31 to 1.01] and 0.53 [CI, 0.34 to 0.84], respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed between treatments for efficacy in treating @entity4 or for occurrence of other adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity4 treated for 12 weeks, @entity9 , 25 mg/d, was as effective as @entity6 , 500 mg twice daily, but had statistically significantly superior GI tolerability and led to less use of concomitant GI medications. Benefits of @entity9 in subgroup analyses were consistent with findings in the overall sample.

title: Gastrointestinal tolerability and effectiveness of @entity9 versus @entity6 in the treatment of XXXX : a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 formation is associated with characteristic genetic alterations, although epigenetic mechanisms may contribute in tumorigenesis. Until recently, our knowledge has mainly been based on chromosomal and molecular studies performed in the last two decades. This has increased tremendously with the advent of new technologies, in particular expression arrays for simultaneous analysis of thousands of genes. Consequently, gene therapy of @entity1 may aim at molecular interference with 'gain of function' genes (oncogenes) or replacement of 'loss of function' genes ( @entity0 suppressor genes). Such approaches require transgene expression in whole @entity0 cell populations (if not other mechanisms come into play) which cannot be achieved with current vector systems. Hence other strategies have been pursued which may be independent of genes actually involved in tumorigenesis. Microbial genes (e.g. herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase) may be transferred into the @entity0 allowing for prodrug activation (e.g. @entity3 ). Furthermore, cytokines or other immunomodulatory genes may be used for vaccination purposes which frequently involves ex vivo transfection of autologous @entity0 cells with such genes. These approaches proved promising in preclinical studies performed in cell culture and different @entity2 . A considerable number of clinical trials have been initiated based on these approaches. Although most therapeutic strategies proved safe, clinical responses fell short of expectations raised by preclinical results. This, to a large extent, has to be attributed to a lag in the development of efficient vector systems. Although much effort has been put into this area of research, neuro-oncologists are still in await of a vector system allowing for selective and efficient @entity0 cell transduction. This has led to increased interest in distinct but related strategies, e.g. oncolytic viruses or direct intra-tumoral delivery of anti-sense oligonucleotides.

title: Gene therapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A rapid light-induced decrease in @entity3 is thought to play a role in regulating the permeability or light sensitivity of photoreceptor membranes. Photo-excited @entity4 activates a @entity2 -binding protein (G-protein) by catalyzing the exchange of bound @entity0 for @entity1 . This G-protein X @entity1 complex activates the phosphodiesterase resulting in a decrease in @entity3 concentration. We have observed two processes in vitro which may be relevant for the regulation of G-protein activation. First, we have found that free @entity0 binds to G-protein with an affinity similar to that of @entity1 . These two nucleotides appear to compete for a common site. Since G-protein X @entity0 does not activate phosphodiesterase, light-induced changes in the @entity1 / @entity0 ratio known to occur on illumination may serve to reduce G-protein activation and hence reduce phosphodiesterase activation. Second, addition of @entity3 in the presence of equimolar @entity1 and @entity0 causes @entity1 binding to G-protein to be enhanced compared to @entity0 binding. This effect increases as the @entity3 concentration is increased from 0.05 to 2 mM. Thus, light-induced decreases in @entity3 concentration may also act as a feedback control in reducing G-protein activation. One or both of these processes may be involved in the desensitization (light adaptation) of rod photoreceptors.

title: @entity3 influences XXXX binding to frog photoreceptor G-protein.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A rapid light-induced decrease in @entity3 is thought to play a role in regulating the permeability or light sensitivity of photoreceptor membranes. Photo-excited @entity4 activates a @entity2 -binding protein (G-protein) by catalyzing the exchange of bound @entity0 for @entity1 . This G-protein X @entity1 complex activates the phosphodiesterase resulting in a decrease in @entity3 concentration. We have observed two processes in vitro which may be relevant for the regulation of G-protein activation. First, we have found that free @entity0 binds to G-protein with an affinity similar to that of @entity1 . These two nucleotides appear to compete for a common site. Since G-protein X @entity0 does not activate phosphodiesterase, light-induced changes in the @entity1 / @entity0 ratio known to occur on illumination may serve to reduce G-protein activation and hence reduce phosphodiesterase activation. Second, addition of @entity3 in the presence of equimolar @entity1 and @entity0 causes @entity1 binding to G-protein to be enhanced compared to @entity0 binding. This effect increases as the @entity3 concentration is increased from 0.05 to 2 mM. Thus, light-induced decreases in @entity3 concentration may also act as a feedback control in reducing G-protein activation. One or both of these processes may be involved in the desensitization (light adaptation) of rod photoreceptors.

title: XXXX influences @entity2 binding to frog photoreceptor G-protein.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genotype x environment interaction (G x E) arises when genes influence sensitivity to the environment. G x E is easily recognized in experimental organisms that permit randomization of genotypes over fixed environmental treatments. Genotype-environment correlation (rGE) arises when genetic effects create or evoke exposure to environmental differences. Simultaneous analysis of G x E and such 'active' or 'evocative' rGE in @entity0 is intractable with linear structural models widely used in behavioral genetics because environments are random effects often correlated with genotype. The causes of the environmental variation, therefore, need to be modeled at the same time as the primary outcome. METHODS: A Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach is used to resolve three distinct pathways involving genes and life events affecting the development of @entity2 in female twins and its relationship to pre-pubertal @entity1 : 1) the main of genes and environment; 2) the interaction of genes and environment (G x E); and 3) genotype-environment correlation (rGE). RESULTS: A model including G x E and rGE in addition to the main effects of genes and environment yields significant estimates of the parameters reflecting G x E and rGE. Omission of either G x E or rGE leads to overestimation of the effects of the measured environment and the unique random environment within families. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Genetic differences in @entity1 create later genetic differences in @entity2 ; 2) genes that affect early @entity1 increase sensitivity (G x E) to adverse life events; 3) genes that increase risk to early @entity1 increase exposure to depressogenic environmental influences (rGE). Additional genetic effects, specific to @entity2 , further increase sensitivity to adversity. Failure to take into account the effects of G x E and rGE will lead to misunderstanding how genes and environment affect complex behavior.

title: Resolving multiple epigenetic pathways to adolescent XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A sensitive immunoradiometric assay for recombinant alpha-2 interferon ( @entity2 ; @entity5 ) was developed by using the monoclonal antibody @entity3 . A @entity0 bead with polyclonal sheep anti-human @entity2 (Hu @entity2 ) antibody adsorbed to it formed the solid phase of the assay. The monoclonal antibody, labeled with 125I, reacted with the @entity2 which bound to the polyclonal antibody on the bead. The assay was sensitive, capable of measuring less than 5 IU/ml, and it was precise. Coefficients of variation were less than 10%, often less than 5%. Interassay coefficients of variation for the same sample were also less than 10%. Specificity of the monoclonal antibody for @entity2 was greater than for Hu @entity2 produced by leukocytes. In specificity studies it was necessary to add at least 200 IU of Hu @entity2 per ml to 25 IU of @entity2 per ml before the Hu @entity2 affected the accuracy of the assay of @entity2 . Accuracy as determined by correlation studies with the antiviral cytopathic effect assay was very high. Results of the two assays usually agreed within 15%. This correlation was maintained in studies of @entity2 after storage under accelerated degradation conditions, when the IFN was cleaved into smaller sequences of @entity1 by @entity4 and when the IFN was carboxymethylated.

title: Immunoradiometric assay of a recombinant human alpha-2 interferon ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity4 is a multifactorial @entity2 in which skin barrier impairment is involved in the pathogenesis. The development of topical agents that improve skin barrier function is therefore a promising approach for the management of hand @entity4 . Topically applied lipids may interfere with skin barrier function, and emollients containing skin-related lipids have been suggested to facilitate repair of the skin barrier. However, evidence for the superiority of emollients containing skin-related lipids over the more traditional emollients is still lacking. The aim of this study was to compare an emollient containing skin-related lipids (Locobase Repair) with a traditional petrolatum-based emollient for the management of hand @entity4 . Adult males and females (n = 30) with mild to moderate @entity5 were treated twice daily for 2 months either with an emollient containing skin-related lipids or with a pet.-based emollient. In the case of exacerbation, the @entity0 of both treatment groups were allowed to use a mild corticosteroid according to instructions. Both treatment regimes significantly improved clinical signs of hand @entity4 as assessed by the investigator global assessment, hand @entity3 area and severity score. We did not observe significant differences in the improvement of clinical signs, @entity1 , @entity0 ' assessment of efficacy, cosmetic acceptability or usage of topical corticosteroids between both treatment groups. In conclusion, this study confirms that the frequent use of emollients may be useful in the therapy of hand @entity4 . However, we could not demonstrate the superiority of this particular emollient containing skin-related lipids in @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: A randomized comparison of an emollient containing skin-related lipids with a petrolatum-based emollient as adjunct in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A plasmid marker rescue system based on restoration of the nptII gene was established in @entity2 to study the transfer of bacterial and transgenic plant DNA by transformation. In vitro studies revealed that the marker rescue efficiency depends on the type of donor DNA. Plasmid and chromosomal DNA of bacteria as well as DNA of transgenic @entity1 were transferred with efficiencies ranging from 8.1 x 10(-6) to 5.8 x 10(-7) transformants per nptII gene. Using a 792-bp amplification product of nptII the efficiency was strongly decreased (9.8 x 10(-9)). In blood sausage, marker rescue using plasmid DNA was detectable (7.9 x 10(-10)), whereas in milk @entity3 ( @entity3 ) had to be added to obtain an efficiency of 2.7 x 10(-11). No marker rescue was detected in extracts of transgenic @entity1 despite addition of @entity3 . In vivo transformation of @entity2 LTH 5597 was studied in monoassociated @entity0 by using plasmid DNA. No marker rescue could be detected in vivo, although transformation was detected in the presence of saliva and fecal samples supplemented with @entity3 . It was also shown that plasmid DNA persists in @entity0 saliva permitting transformation for up to 6 h of incubation. It is suggested that the lack of marker rescue is due to the absence of competence-stimulating factors such as serum proteins in @entity0 saliva.

title: Marker rescue studies of the transfer of recombinant DNA to XXXX in vitro, in foods and gnotobiotic @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A plasmid marker rescue system based on restoration of the nptII gene was established in @entity2 to study the transfer of bacterial and transgenic plant DNA by transformation. In vitro studies revealed that the marker rescue efficiency depends on the type of donor DNA. Plasmid and chromosomal DNA of bacteria as well as DNA of transgenic @entity1 were transferred with efficiencies ranging from 8.1 x 10(-6) to 5.8 x 10(-7) transformants per nptII gene. Using a 792-bp amplification product of nptII the efficiency was strongly decreased (9.8 x 10(-9)). In blood sausage, marker rescue using plasmid DNA was detectable (7.9 x 10(-10)), whereas in milk @entity3 ( @entity3 ) had to be added to obtain an efficiency of 2.7 x 10(-11). No marker rescue was detected in extracts of transgenic @entity1 despite addition of @entity3 . In vivo transformation of @entity2 LTH 5597 was studied in monoassociated @entity0 by using plasmid DNA. No marker rescue could be detected in vivo, although transformation was detected in the presence of saliva and fecal samples supplemented with @entity3 . It was also shown that plasmid DNA persists in @entity0 saliva permitting transformation for up to 6 h of incubation. It is suggested that the lack of marker rescue is due to the absence of competence-stimulating factors such as serum proteins in @entity0 saliva.

title: Marker rescue studies of the transfer of recombinant DNA to @entity2 in vitro, in foods and gnotobiotic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to describe the prognosis after hospitalization after exacerbation of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 300 consecutively admitted @entity0 with exacerbation of @entity4 in three departments of internal medicine with special interest in respiratory medicine. Data were collected from @entity0 charts. RESULTS: The mean age was 71.3 years. 59.7% were @entity0 and 60.9% had cor pulmonale. In 44% of the @entity0 @entity3 was documented at the time of admission. Twentysix(9%) @entity0 died during hospitalization. After three and 12 months mortality was 19% and 36%, respectively. Age, cor pulmonale and @entity3 at the time of admission were associated with increased mortality, whereas @entity2 , long term @entity1 treatment, and a record of hospitalization with the same diagnosis in the previous 30 days were associated with increased mortality in univariate analysis, but not when adjusted for age, gender, and @entity3 at admission. The risk of readmission was increased in cor pulmonale, while cessation of smoking during hospitalization reduced this risk. DISCUSSION: @entity0 who have been hospitalized with exacerbation of @entity4 has a high mortality and a high risk of readmission.

title: [ XXXX . Admission, course and prognosis].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 : @entity3 cytidylyltranferase (CCT) regulates @entity2 (PC) biosynthesis. Its activity is controlled by reversible interactions with membrane lipids, mediated by an internal segment referred to as domain M. Although domain M peptides adopt an amphipathic alpha-helical structure when membrane bound, the structure of this domain in the context of the whole enzyme in the lipid-free and lipid-bound state is unknown. Here we derive lipid-induced secondary structural changes in @entity6 using circular dichroism and three deconvolution programs. The analysis of two fragments, CCT236 (CCT1-236, housing the catalytic domain) and a synthetic domain M peptide (CCT237-293) aided the assignment of structural change to specific domains. To carry out this study, we developed a micellar lipid activating system that would avoid generation of CCT-induced lipid vesicle aggregates that interfere with the CD analysis. @entity5 / @entity4 (LPC/PG) mixed micelles supported full activation of CCT and caused an increase in the alpha-helix content of full-length CCT from 25 to 41%, at the expense of all other conformations. LPC/PG also induced an increase in alpha-helix content of the domain M peptide from 7 to 85% at the expense of all other conformers. This lipid system did not significantly affect the secondary structure of CCT236, nor did it affect the @entity1 pattern of this region within full-length CCT, suggesting that the region containing the catalytic domain changes very little upon membrane activation of CCT. Our data suggest that lipids trigger a conformational switch in domain M from a mixed structure to an alpha-helix, thus creating a hydrophobic face for membrane insertion. Our results negate the idea that domain M is entirely helical in both the soluble and membrane-bound forms of CCT.

title: Lipid-induced conformational switch in the membrane binding domain of @entity0 : XXXX cytidylyltransferase: a circular dichroism study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 : @entity3 cytidylyltranferase (CCT) regulates @entity2 (PC) biosynthesis. Its activity is controlled by reversible interactions with membrane lipids, mediated by an internal segment referred to as domain M. Although domain M peptides adopt an amphipathic alpha-helical structure when membrane bound, the structure of this domain in the context of the whole enzyme in the lipid-free and lipid-bound state is unknown. Here we derive lipid-induced secondary structural changes in @entity6 using circular dichroism and three deconvolution programs. The analysis of two fragments, CCT236 (CCT1-236, housing the catalytic domain) and a synthetic domain M peptide (CCT237-293) aided the assignment of structural change to specific domains. To carry out this study, we developed a micellar lipid activating system that would avoid generation of CCT-induced lipid vesicle aggregates that interfere with the CD analysis. @entity5 / @entity4 (LPC/PG) mixed micelles supported full activation of CCT and caused an increase in the alpha-helix content of full-length CCT from 25 to 41%, at the expense of all other conformations. LPC/PG also induced an increase in alpha-helix content of the domain M peptide from 7 to 85% at the expense of all other conformers. This lipid system did not significantly affect the secondary structure of CCT236, nor did it affect the @entity1 pattern of this region within full-length CCT, suggesting that the region containing the catalytic domain changes very little upon membrane activation of CCT. Our data suggest that lipids trigger a conformational switch in domain M from a mixed structure to an alpha-helix, thus creating a hydrophobic face for membrane insertion. Our results negate the idea that domain M is entirely helical in both the soluble and membrane-bound forms of CCT.

title: Lipid-induced conformational switch in the membrane binding domain of XXXX : @entity3 cytidylyltransferase: a circular dichroism study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Male Vietnam veterans have repeatedly expressed concern that exposure to herbicides in Vietnam may have caused @entity1 in their offspring. The second most used herbicide was a mixture of @entity4 and picloram called Agent White. This study is an investigation into the possible male-mediated reproductive toxicology of this herbicide. Male @entity0 were gavaged for 5 days per week for 9 weeks with a mixture of @entity4 and picloram called Tordon 75D(R) (the Australian derivative of Agent White). Three doses were tested; the high dose was considered the maximum tolerated dose. Each male was mated with two untreated females during weeks 2 and 3, 4 and 5, and 8 and 9 of treatment, and with four untreated females after an 11-week recovery period. Negative controls were males dosed with distilled water, and positive controls were males dosed with @entity2 at 5.1 mg/kg/day. All mated females were killed on day 20 of gestation, and the fetuses were weighed and examined for either structural @entity1 or skeletal development. Litter size, fetal weight, and @entity1 rate were all unaffected by treatment. The @entity2 positive controls showed the expected large increase in postimplantation loss. In general, within the limitations of the power of the study, the results did not show any evidence that exposure to a herbicide formulation containing @entity4 and @entity3 is likely to cause male-mediated @entity1 or other adverse reproductive outcomes.

title: A study of the potential for a herbicide formulation containing XXXX and picloram to cause male-mediated developmental toxicity in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Male Vietnam veterans have repeatedly expressed concern that exposure to herbicides in Vietnam may have caused @entity1 in their offspring. The second most used herbicide was a mixture of @entity4 and picloram called Agent White. This study is an investigation into the possible male-mediated reproductive toxicology of this herbicide. Male @entity0 were gavaged for 5 days per week for 9 weeks with a mixture of @entity4 and picloram called Tordon 75D(R) (the Australian derivative of Agent White). Three doses were tested; the high dose was considered the maximum tolerated dose. Each male was mated with two untreated females during weeks 2 and 3, 4 and 5, and 8 and 9 of treatment, and with four untreated females after an 11-week recovery period. Negative controls were males dosed with distilled water, and positive controls were males dosed with @entity2 at 5.1 mg/kg/day. All mated females were killed on day 20 of gestation, and the fetuses were weighed and examined for either structural @entity1 or skeletal development. Litter size, fetal weight, and @entity1 rate were all unaffected by treatment. The @entity2 positive controls showed the expected large increase in postimplantation loss. In general, within the limitations of the power of the study, the results did not show any evidence that exposure to a herbicide formulation containing @entity4 and @entity3 is likely to cause male-mediated @entity1 or other adverse reproductive outcomes.

title: A study of the potential for a herbicide formulation containing @entity4 and picloram to cause male-mediated developmental toxicity in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of operations for distantly metastatic well-differentiated @entity4 (DTC) is poorly defined. We review the indications for operation for metastatic DTC. METHODS: This study consists of 260 @entity0 treated between 1941 and 2000 for metastatic DTC, of which 59 (23%) underwent operations. Median follow-up was 7 years (range, 1 to 49 years). @entity1 were identified clinically in 157 (60%) and radiologically in 103 (40%) @entity0 . The disease-specific survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity0 (9%) were disease-free with resection. Palliative resection was indicated for @entity2 , pathologic @entity3 , or symptomatic @entity5 (35/260, 14%). @entity0 who could undergo complete metastasectomy survived longer than those having incomplete/palliative resection or nonoperative treatment for metastatic @entity6 (5-year disease-specific survival, 78% vs 43% vs 46%, P =.03). CONCLUSIONS: Solitary distant @entity1 of DTC amenable to complete resection is infrequent. Complete metastasectomy may be associated with improved survival for localized distant disease. Palliative resection is indicated to improve quality of life for symptomatic distant @entity1 .

title: The role of operations for distantly metastatic well-differentiated XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Between 6/81 and 6/83, 73 @entity0 with small cell @entity1 were treated according to a prospective protocol in which @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity8 ( @entity9 ) were given concurrently with prophylactic craniocervical irradiation to the level of C5. Both limited and @entity3 @entity0 with normal computed tomography of the brain received 25 Gy in 10 fractions in 2 weeks. Complete responders to @entity9 received consolidative thoracic irradiation (CTI) to the local-regional primary (37.5 Gy in 15 fractions in 3 weeks), the first 25 Gy in 10 fractions serving as prophylaxis of the C6 to T12 spinal cord. The neuraxis from L1 to S2 then received 25 Gy in 10 fractions in 2 weeks. Consolidative irradiation of localizable metastatic sites was given in @entity3 @entity0 . Partial and nonresponders to @entity9 received 50-60 Gy in 5-6 weeks to local-regional disease. With a median followup of 29 months, survival was significantly better (p less than .01) in @entity0 receiving CTI to the chest after complete response to @entity9 (both limited disease and @entity3 ) than without CTI. Of 41 @entity0 completing the protocol and without central nervous system (CNS) involvement at presentation, four (9%) failed initially in the CNS (two brain, two @entity10 ); CNS failure was the cause of death in all four @entity0 with no other sites of @entity2 at death in two of these. Failure to complete protocol treatment was due to disease progression during chemotherapy in 25/73 (34%) and chemotherapy related complications (three @entity4 , one @entity5 ) in four of 73 (5.5%) @entity0 . CTI and prophylactic neuraxis irradiation did not increase morbidity or result in mortality in the sequence utilized; prophylactic neuraxis irradiation appears to reduce the CNS relapse rate, and CTI benefits survival.

title: Multiagent chemotherapy, prophylactic neuraxis irradiation, and consolidative irradiation for small cell XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In order to assess the seroprevalence of @entity1 in Romania and to define associated risk factors, a cross-sectional, observational study was performed in 13 districts during 1999. Sera from healthy blood donors (1,598) and from forestry workers (1,048) were tested. A two-step testing strategy was used in which sera were tested for anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies by a commercially available @entity0 ( @entity0 ). All @entity0 positive sera were then evaluated by Western blot IgG. Demographic data regarding age, sex, profession, work place/residence, duration of employment (forestry workers), animals in the environment, and tick bites history were collected using a questionnaire. Data obtained from serological study were matched with that obtained from the questionnaire. The seroprevalence of @entity1 in blood donors was of 4.3% (range 1.4-8.7%) and 9.3% (range 2.8-31.7%) in forestry workers. Seroprevalence was higher in forestry workers with a tick bite history (10.7 vs. 4.3%, p < 0.05). The highest seroprevalence in blood donors (8.7%) was noted in Maramures, a northern district of the country, whereas in forestry workers the highest seroprevalence (31.7%) was observed in a western district (Arad), where a previous study in entomology has demonstrated the highest density of Ixodes ricinus ticks in Romania.

title: Seroprevalence of XXXX in Romania.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is one of the most important emergency situations in ophthalmology. METHOD: Recommendations of the literature how to diagnose and how to treat the disease are described. RESULTS: The basic diagnostic steps such as the "Five Criteria Classification" together with certain exceptions of the classification criteria and the recognition of different facets of the varying clinical picture are emphasised. Special @entity4 should be noted and identified. It is pointed out that an @entity9 without @entity1 is of great clinical importance, known as occult @entity9 , because of the lack of classical symptoms, often leading to a wrong diagnosis. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is the most frequent cause of @entity7 . Differential diagnosis between non-arteritic and arteritic @entity6 is emphasised. The different arguments concerning the performance of unilateral or bilateral arterial resection ("biopsy") and the findings of colour duplex ultrasonography in comparison to the histological results are discussed. It is also pointed out that some new diagnostic procedures such as the MRI examination with @entity8 and the PET-Scan examination may be helpful in supporting the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 is more often diagnosed in recent years. The diagnosis should be made in cooperation by the ophthalmologist and internists and neurologists. Blindness caused by @entity2 is preventable in the majority of @entity0 if diagnosed early and treated properly. For decades of clinical experience it has been well established that early diagnosis and systemic treatment with high doses of systemic @entity3 are essential in preventing @entity5 .

title: [ XXXX - An Overview].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in agricultural workers in a rural area of Tuscany and to relate them to some occupational risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was performed on a sample of 461 agricultural workers from two rural area of Tuscany. All subjects underwent to respiratory questionnaire, pulmonary function test and skin prick tests. Occupational risk factors were evaluated as response to questions related to 11 specific jobs, most of them related to @entity0 -shed works. RESULTS: Subjects had high mean age and a long work duration. Smoking habit was significantly associated with symptoms of chronic @entity3 , while atopy was significantly associated with chronic cough, phlegm and @entity1 . In comparison with a control group of workers which did not report any occupational risk factors (reference group), logistic analysis showed that most symptoms were significantly associated with some specific jobs related to animal breeding, taking into account differences due to age, smoking habit, atopy and district. Mean pulmonary function tests were in the normal range, without any significant relationship with different risk factors, except smoking habit. Increased work duration was associated with significant decrease of pulmonary function. CONCLUSION: Symptoms of chronic @entity3 were frequent in this population of farmers of Middle Italy. The analysis of risk factors confirms a relevant role for some specific occupational risk factors, related to jobs in the @entity0 -shed, in the development of @entity2 .

title: Risk factors for chronic XXXX in a sample of farmers in middle Italy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Budding at the invasive front of @entity2 has recently been thought to suggest greater malignant potential of the @entity3 . We examined whether budding is associated with poor prognosis after curative resection in Stage II and @entity2 . Furthermore, we examined whether budding is useful to select high-risk @entity0 in @entity2 . METHODS: Surgically resected specimens of 196 @entity2 were studied. All the resections were curative (R0), and the median postoperative follow-up was 75.5 months. Using @entity5 - @entity6 -stained sections, we determined the presence or absence of budding according to Morodomi's criteria. Routine pathologic findings were also recorded. RESULTS: Budding was detected significantly more frequently in lesions with lymph node @entity1 (Stage III) than in lesions without it (Stage II; P < 0.0001). @entity0 with budding-positive lesions had worse outcome than those with budding-negative lesions: 43 @entity0 (50.6 percent) with budding-positive lesions and 9 (8.1 percent) with budding-negative lesions developed recurrence (P < 0.0001). @entity0 with budding-positive lesions had a worse prognosis than @entity0 without it (P < 0.0001). Moreover, no significant difference in survival curves was observed between @entity0 with budding-positive @entity4 and those with @entity2 (P = 0.930). Multivariate analysis revealed budding as the significant prognostic cofactor of postoperative survival in Stage II and @entity2 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Budding is useful to select high-risk @entity0 in @entity2 .

title: Budding is useful to select high-risk XXXX in stage II well-differentiated or moderately differentiated colon adenocarcinoma.

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Single-subject case. OBJECTIVES: To describe the atypical presentation of a rare @entity1 and difficulties in diagnosis. SETTING: Spinal cord unit of a rehabilitation and care center in Ankara, @entity4 . METHODS: A 22-year-old male @entity0 with @entity5 was admitted to our center for rehabilitation. He underwent various diagnostic procedures to explain his clinical situation. RESULTS: Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography revealed a mass and vertebral destruction. The pathology report confirmed the diagnosis of @entity7 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 is an important complication of primary or metastatic @entity1 . Although it is a late complication in most cases, some @entity1 including @entity7 may present with @entity5 . @entity3 may be found in the @entity0 's history. An atypical clinical course in a musculoskeletal or @entity2 should alert us to a possible underlying @entity1 .

title: @entity5 : an unusual presentation of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Single-subject case. OBJECTIVES: To describe the atypical presentation of a rare @entity1 and difficulties in diagnosis. SETTING: Spinal cord unit of a rehabilitation and care center in Ankara, @entity4 . METHODS: A 22-year-old male @entity0 with @entity5 was admitted to our center for rehabilitation. He underwent various diagnostic procedures to explain his clinical situation. RESULTS: Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography revealed a mass and vertebral destruction. The pathology report confirmed the diagnosis of @entity7 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 is an important complication of primary or metastatic @entity1 . Although it is a late complication in most cases, some @entity1 including @entity7 may present with @entity5 . @entity3 may be found in the @entity0 's history. An atypical clinical course in a musculoskeletal or @entity2 should alert us to a possible underlying @entity1 .

title: XXXX : an unusual presentation of @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Moderate to severe irreversible @entity3 secondary to @entity4 is an independent risk factor for reduced long-term survival. Late effects of correction of @entity3 concomitant with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are less well known and the choice of mitral valve procedure is still debated. METHODS: From 1988 to 1998, 93 consecutive @entity0 (mean age 63+/-9 years) were treated for moderate to severe irreversible @entity3 secondary to @entity4 ; 84 were in NYHA functional class III-IV and 19 were in @entity6 . Thirty-seven @entity0 underwent emergency surgery. Perioperative intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) was necessary in 33 @entity0 . Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 12 years (mean 51 months+/-41). RESULTS: Mitral valve was repaired in 30 @entity0 and replaced in 63. Replacement was preferably performed in @entity0 with major displacement of papillary muscle and in @entity0 with acute @entity1 . CABG (3.4 distal anastomoses) was performed in all @entity0 and was complete in 92%. Early mortality was 15% (14/93). Multivariable analysis identified need for IABP (P=0.005) and @entity5 (P=0.02) as risk factors for @entity2 . Emergency surgery had only a trend (P=0.15) for increased mortality; age, low ejection fraction, repair vs. replacement had no influence. Actuarial survival rates at 1, 5 and 10 years were 81, 65 and 56%, respectively. Late survival was similar in @entity0 with replacement or repair (P=0.46). At last follow-up, all but one @entity0 were in NYHA functional class I or II. CONCLUSIONS: Combined mitral valve procedure and myocardial revascularization, as complete as possible, for moderate to severe @entity3 secondary to @entity4 achieve satisfactory early and late outcome despite the increased operative mortality. Acute @entity1 , severe restriction of the mitral valve by major displacement of the papillary muscle are better managed by valve replacement.

title: Results of surgery for irreversible moderate to severe mitral valve regurgitation secondary to XXXX .

answer: @entity4