abstract: Previous studies showed that @entity0 nasal chondrocytes ( @entity3 ) exhibit higher proliferation and chondrogenic capacity as compared to @entity0 articular chondrocytes (HAC). To consider @entity3 as a relevant alternative cell source for the repair of articular cartilage defects it is necessary to test how these cells react when exposed to environmental factors typical of an injured joint. We thus aimed this study at investigating the responses of @entity3 and HAC to exposure to @entity2 and low @entity1 . For this purpose HAC and @entity3 harvested from the same donors (N=5) were expanded in vitro and then cultured in pellets or collagen-based scaffolds at standard (19%) or low @entity1 (5%) conditions. Resulting tissues were analyzed after a short (3 days) exposure to @entity2 , mimicking the initially inflammatory implantation site, or following a recovery time (1 or 2 weeks for pellets and scaffolds, respectively). After @entity2 treatment, constructs generated by both HAC and @entity3 displayed a transient loss of GAG (up to 21.8% and 36.8%, respectively) and, consistently, an increased production of @entity4 . Collagen type II and the cryptic fragment of aggrecan (DIPEN), both evaluated immunohistochemically, displayed a trend consistent with GAG and MMPs production. @entity3 -based constructs exhibited a more efficient recovery upon @entity2 withdrawal, resulting in a higher accumulation of GAG (up to 2.6-fold) compared to the corresponding HAC-based tissues. On the other hand, HAC displayed a positive response to low @entity1 culture, while @entity3 were only slightly affected by @entity1 percentage. Collectively, under the conditions tested mimicking the postsurgery articular environment, @entity3 retained a tissue-forming capacity, similar or even better than HAC. These results represent a step forward in validating @entity3 as a cell source for cartilage tissue engineering strategies.

title: Response of @entity0 engineered cartilage based on articular or nasal chondrocytes to @entity2 and low XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previous studies showed that @entity0 nasal chondrocytes ( @entity3 ) exhibit higher proliferation and chondrogenic capacity as compared to @entity0 articular chondrocytes (HAC). To consider @entity3 as a relevant alternative cell source for the repair of articular cartilage defects it is necessary to test how these cells react when exposed to environmental factors typical of an injured joint. We thus aimed this study at investigating the responses of @entity3 and HAC to exposure to @entity2 and low @entity1 . For this purpose HAC and @entity3 harvested from the same donors (N=5) were expanded in vitro and then cultured in pellets or collagen-based scaffolds at standard (19%) or low @entity1 (5%) conditions. Resulting tissues were analyzed after a short (3 days) exposure to @entity2 , mimicking the initially inflammatory implantation site, or following a recovery time (1 or 2 weeks for pellets and scaffolds, respectively). After @entity2 treatment, constructs generated by both HAC and @entity3 displayed a transient loss of GAG (up to 21.8% and 36.8%, respectively) and, consistently, an increased production of @entity4 . Collagen type II and the cryptic fragment of aggrecan (DIPEN), both evaluated immunohistochemically, displayed a trend consistent with GAG and MMPs production. @entity3 -based constructs exhibited a more efficient recovery upon @entity2 withdrawal, resulting in a higher accumulation of GAG (up to 2.6-fold) compared to the corresponding HAC-based tissues. On the other hand, HAC displayed a positive response to low @entity1 culture, while @entity3 were only slightly affected by @entity1 percentage. Collectively, under the conditions tested mimicking the postsurgery articular environment, @entity3 retained a tissue-forming capacity, similar or even better than HAC. These results represent a step forward in validating @entity3 as a cell source for cartilage tissue engineering strategies.

title: Response of @entity0 engineered cartilage based on articular or nasal chondrocytes to XXXX and low @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Previous studies showed that @entity0 nasal chondrocytes ( @entity3 ) exhibit higher proliferation and chondrogenic capacity as compared to @entity0 articular chondrocytes (HAC). To consider @entity3 as a relevant alternative cell source for the repair of articular cartilage defects it is necessary to test how these cells react when exposed to environmental factors typical of an injured joint. We thus aimed this study at investigating the responses of @entity3 and HAC to exposure to @entity2 and low @entity1 . For this purpose HAC and @entity3 harvested from the same donors (N=5) were expanded in vitro and then cultured in pellets or collagen-based scaffolds at standard (19%) or low @entity1 (5%) conditions. Resulting tissues were analyzed after a short (3 days) exposure to @entity2 , mimicking the initially inflammatory implantation site, or following a recovery time (1 or 2 weeks for pellets and scaffolds, respectively). After @entity2 treatment, constructs generated by both HAC and @entity3 displayed a transient loss of GAG (up to 21.8% and 36.8%, respectively) and, consistently, an increased production of @entity4 . Collagen type II and the cryptic fragment of aggrecan (DIPEN), both evaluated immunohistochemically, displayed a trend consistent with GAG and MMPs production. @entity3 -based constructs exhibited a more efficient recovery upon @entity2 withdrawal, resulting in a higher accumulation of GAG (up to 2.6-fold) compared to the corresponding HAC-based tissues. On the other hand, HAC displayed a positive response to low @entity1 culture, while @entity3 were only slightly affected by @entity1 percentage. Collectively, under the conditions tested mimicking the postsurgery articular environment, @entity3 retained a tissue-forming capacity, similar or even better than HAC. These results represent a step forward in validating @entity3 as a cell source for cartilage tissue engineering strategies.

title: Response of XXXX engineered cartilage based on articular or nasal chondrocytes to @entity2 and low @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 is central to the regulation of reproductive function. It acts on pituitary gonadotropes to stimulate LH and FSH synthesis and secretion. We had previously presented evidence for translational control of @entity2 synthesis; therefore we investigated whether micro-RNAs might play a role in @entity1 regulation in LbT2 cells. We show here that @entity1 strongly induces the AK006051 gene transcript that encodes two micro-RNAs, @entity6 and @entity7 , within the first intron. We show furthermore that the AK006051 promoter region is highly @entity1 responsive. We verify that the @entity4 Rho GTPase activating protein (GAP) is a target of @entity6 /212 and show that @entity1 treatment leads to a decrease in mRNA and protein expression. This reduction is blocked by an anti- @entity3 to @entity6 /212 and mimicked by a pre- @entity6 . @entity1 inhibits @entity5 expression through a @entity6 /212 response element within the 3'-untranslated region. The loss of @entity5 expression leads to activation of Rac and marked @entity0 and length of neurite-like processes extending from the cell. Knockdown of @entity5 by small interfering RNA induces the same morphological changes observed with @entity1 treatment. In addition, loss of @entity5 causes an increase in cellular motility. Our findings suggest a novel pathway regulating long-term changes in cellular motility and process formation via the @entity1 induction of @entity6 /212 with the subsequent down-regulation of @entity5 .

title: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone induces @entity6 and XXXX to regulate cellular morphology and migration in immortalized LbetaT2 pituitary gonadotrope cells.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity1 is central to the regulation of reproductive function. It acts on pituitary gonadotropes to stimulate LH and FSH synthesis and secretion. We had previously presented evidence for translational control of @entity2 synthesis; therefore we investigated whether micro-RNAs might play a role in @entity1 regulation in LbT2 cells. We show here that @entity1 strongly induces the AK006051 gene transcript that encodes two micro-RNAs, @entity6 and @entity7 , within the first intron. We show furthermore that the AK006051 promoter region is highly @entity1 responsive. We verify that the @entity4 Rho GTPase activating protein (GAP) is a target of @entity6 /212 and show that @entity1 treatment leads to a decrease in mRNA and protein expression. This reduction is blocked by an anti- @entity3 to @entity6 /212 and mimicked by a pre- @entity6 . @entity1 inhibits @entity5 expression through a @entity6 /212 response element within the 3'-untranslated region. The loss of @entity5 expression leads to activation of Rac and marked @entity0 and length of neurite-like processes extending from the cell. Knockdown of @entity5 by small interfering RNA induces the same morphological changes observed with @entity1 treatment. In addition, loss of @entity5 causes an increase in cellular motility. Our findings suggest a novel pathway regulating long-term changes in cellular motility and process formation via the @entity1 induction of @entity6 /212 with the subsequent down-regulation of @entity5 .

title: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone induces XXXX and @entity7 to regulate cellular morphology and migration in immortalized LbetaT2 pituitary gonadotrope cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4 type 1 ( @entity6 ) is a @entity1 . Many tests in the literature have evaluated single aspects of @entity6 @entity0 , mainly focusing on @entity2 , without an overall quantification of the different disease-specific neurological features. We developed and validated a new functional scale for @entity6 @entity0 based on @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and disability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three @entity0 were tested in basal condition, 18 were re-evaluated after therapeutic intervention with @entity3 , and 13 at one year follow-up without treatment. The scale includes 21 ordinal items in four areas: neuropsychology, motricity, @entity7 and daily life activities. We evaluated inter- and intra-observer reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC and Spearman correlations, respectively), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), external validity (Spearman correlations between each area and other clinical and objective measurements and scales), and sensitivity to clinical changes after treatment or at follow-up. RESULTS: Our analysis provided good results for inter-observer agreement (ICC = 0.72-0.97), intra-observer reliability, and internal consistency for all areas (Cronbach's a > 0.73). Total score and single area subscores were significantly correlated to objective measurements, disease duration and multisystem involvement. Finally, the scale was sensitive to clinical changes disclosing a significant improvement after treatment in the items assessing @entity7 , and also to disease progression showing a significant worsening in all areas but @entity7 in untreated @entity0 . DISCUSSION: Our scale provides a new practical measure to evaluate @entity5 and disability of @entity6 @entity0 . Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm its reliability in tracking disease progression and severity over a longer period of time.

title: Development of a disability scale for XXXX type 1.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Peptic ulcer perforations are a common emergency, but available literature is silent on the exact definition, incidence, management, and complications of @entity1 due to omental patch leakage. @entity0 AND METHODS: Retrospective data were collected on 422 @entity0 who underwent omental patch repair of perforated peptic ulcer between March 20, 1999 and March 20, 2006. The definitive diagnosis of perforated peptic ulcer and omental patch leakage was obtained at surgery. RESULTS: Seventeen (4%) @entity0 experienced generalized @entity1 due to omental patch leakage. Mean age was 60.6 years. Mortality rate was 29.4%, and the mean hospital stay was 23.6 days. Delay in surgical approach, shock on admission, and age were all significantly associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 due to omental patch leakage can result in significant morbidity and mortality. The most common causes of omental patch leakage and operative procedures were unknown and reinsertion of omentum, respectively. Factors such as shock on admission or delayed surgery, have significantly contributed to fatal outcomes and need careful attention.

title: Generalized XXXX requiring re-operation after leakage of omental patch repair of perforated peptic ulcer.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a new @entity1 . We investigated differences of epidemiology, pathogens, and outcomes between @entity1 @entity0 in large hospitals and those in small hospitals. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of @entity0 hospitalized with @entity1 from December 2009 to March 2010. @entity1 was defined according to ATS/IDSA criteria. A large hospital was defined as >=  200 beds and a small hospital was <200 beds. RESULTS: Of 117 @entity0 , 61 @entity0 were admitted to large hospitals and 56 @entity0 were admitted to small hospitals. There was a significant difference of @entity1 diagnostic criteria between the two groups. The A-DROP severity class was worse in the large hospital group than the small hospital group (P<0.05). @entity2 and disturbance of consciousness were more frequent in the large hospital group (P<0.05). The mortality rate was 8.2% in the large hospital group versus 1.8% in the small hospital group. @entity0 in the very severe A-DROP class had a high mortality rate of 33% in both groups. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with severe @entity1 were more likely to be admitted to large hospitals. @entity0 in the very severe A-DROP class should receive intensive antibiotic therapy, but not all @entity0 need broad-spectrum therapy.

title: Difference of health-care associated XXXX between large hospitals and small hospitals in Japan.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of our study was to investigate the accuracy of @entity2 rate in the community (i.e., actual rate versus hospital recorded rate) for tonsil operations. Bleeding episodes were investigated for 695 consecutive @entity0 undergoing tonsillectomy, adenotonsillectomy and tonsillotomy at the Department of ORL, H_NS, MU of Graz, Austria, between January 1 2007 and June 30 2008 by questionnaire. Main purposes of our study were the evaluation of the incidence of @entity1 , need for revision surgery, medical care of @entity0 experiencing @entity1 and multiple @entity2 episodes. @entity2 was defined as any @entity2 , be it minimal or significant, after extubation. The study group comprised 407 @entity0 who answered the questionnaire: 61.7% adults, 22.1% school @entity0 between 6 and 15  years and 16.2% @entity0 aged less than 6  years. Exactly 100 @entity0 (24.6% of 407) showed some kind of @entity1 , but only 79 of them (19.4% of 407) were recorded at hospital. A return to theatre due to @entity2 was required in 4.7% of all 407 cases. Combining hospital records and data from the questionnaire allowed us to estimate an overall @entity2 rate of 21.4% for all 695 @entity0 . Every fifth @entity0 experiencing @entity1 did not return to the hospital he or she was operated in. We would have missed 21.0% of all @entity2 episodes by assessing re-admitting @entity0 suffering @entity1 only. We conclude that @entity2 rate is considerably higher than assumed by investigating hospital records only and strongly related to the @entity1 and to the study design.

title: Tonsilar XXXX and re-admission: a questionnaire based study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Abiotic stresses have adverse effects on plant growth and productivity. The homologous RD29A and @entity1 genes are exquisitely sensitive to various abiotic stressors. Therefore, @entity3 gene sequences have potential to confer abiotic stress resistance in crop species grown in arid and semi-arid regions. To our knowledge, no information on the physiological roles of the proteins encoded by RD29A and @entity1 are available in the literature. To understand how these proteins function, we used reverse genetic approaches, including identifying @entity3 T-DNA knockout mutants, and examining the effects of complementing transgenes with the genes under control of their native promoters and chimeric genes with the native promoters swapped. Four binary vectors with the @entity3 promoters upstream of the cognate @entity3 cDNAs and as chimeric genes with noncognate promoters were used to transform @entity3 plants. Cold, drought, and salt induced both genes; the promoter of @entity2 was found to be more responsive to drought and cold stresses, whereas the promoter of @entity1 was highly responsive to salt stress. Morphological and physiological responses of @entity3 plants to salt stress were further investigated. Root growth, and photosynthetic properties declined significantly, while solute concentration (    ), water use efficiency (WUE) and   @entity0 ratio increased under salt stress. Unexpectedly, the @entity3 knockout mutant lines maintained greater root growth, photosynthesis, and WUE under salt stress relative to control. We conclude that the RD29A and @entity1 proteins are unlikely to serve directly as protective molecules.

title: Characterization of abiotic stress-responsive Arabidopsis thaliana RD29A and XXXX genes and evaluation of transgenes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Intracranial @entity5 presenting with cyst formation following gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) were investigated to clarify their clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2006, 492 @entity0 presenting with @entity6 underwent GKRS. Among them, seven cases demonstrated either new formation of cysts or enlargement of preexisting cysts, which were treated with microsurgical intervention. These cases were retrospectively reviewed with regard to neuroradiological findings and histopathology. RESULTS: These seven cases included five vestibular and two trigeminal @entity5 . Preexisting cysts were enlarged following GKRS in three cases, while they were newly formed in four cases. Salvage microsurgery was carried out at 7-167  months after the GKRS, and subtotal resection was achieved in three, partial resection with or without cyst fenestration in four. @entity2 were improved in all six symptomatic cases. Preoperative MRI demonstrated two characteristic types of cyst. One was the intratumoral type, indicating hemorrhagic change on the MRI. Histopathological analysis demonstrated a @entity7 within the solid compartment of @entity1 . These two cases demonstrated @entity3 with new cyst formation after resection of only the cyst. The other type was extratumoral cyst, which had a structure with a thin cyst wall without contrast enhancement, and the cyst was composed of arachnoid cells without @entity1 cells. Extratumoral cysts enlarged despite effective control of the @entity1 itself, which may be caused by osmotic gradient induced by @entity1 following GKRS. CONCLUSIONS: There were two types of cysts, intratumoral cyst and extratumoral @entity4 , which developed following GKRS in @entity6 . Resection of the solid compartment as well as the cyst is required in @entity5 with expanding intratumoral cyst. Conversely, fenestration of the cyst alone might be effective in extratumoral @entity4 .

title: Development of intratumoral cyst or extratumoral XXXX in @entity6 following gamma knife radiosurgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Intracranial @entity5 presenting with cyst formation following gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) were investigated to clarify their clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2006, 492 @entity0 presenting with @entity6 underwent GKRS. Among them, seven cases demonstrated either new formation of cysts or enlargement of preexisting cysts, which were treated with microsurgical intervention. These cases were retrospectively reviewed with regard to neuroradiological findings and histopathology. RESULTS: These seven cases included five vestibular and two trigeminal @entity5 . Preexisting cysts were enlarged following GKRS in three cases, while they were newly formed in four cases. Salvage microsurgery was carried out at 7-167  months after the GKRS, and subtotal resection was achieved in three, partial resection with or without cyst fenestration in four. @entity2 were improved in all six symptomatic cases. Preoperative MRI demonstrated two characteristic types of cyst. One was the intratumoral type, indicating hemorrhagic change on the MRI. Histopathological analysis demonstrated a @entity7 within the solid compartment of @entity1 . These two cases demonstrated @entity3 with new cyst formation after resection of only the cyst. The other type was extratumoral cyst, which had a structure with a thin cyst wall without contrast enhancement, and the cyst was composed of arachnoid cells without @entity1 cells. Extratumoral cysts enlarged despite effective control of the @entity1 itself, which may be caused by osmotic gradient induced by @entity1 following GKRS. CONCLUSIONS: There were two types of cysts, intratumoral cyst and extratumoral @entity4 , which developed following GKRS in @entity6 . Resection of the solid compartment as well as the cyst is required in @entity5 with expanding intratumoral cyst. Conversely, fenestration of the cyst alone might be effective in extratumoral @entity4 .

title: Development of intratumoral cyst or extratumoral @entity4 in XXXX following gamma knife radiosurgery.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are comprised of two major disorders: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). No curative treatment options are available, but gene therapy may offer an alternative therapeutic approach. For this a safe and reliable vector is needed. The adeno-associated viruses (AAV) have attracted considerable interest as gene therapy vectors. However, neutralizing antibodies (nAb's) made in response to wildtype AAV have been associated with a partial to complete block of transduction in case of reexposure. Therefore, and in order to define AAV vector candidates to treat @entity4 @entity0 , we characterized preexisting humoral responses to AAV in this population. METHODS: We measured circulating antibodies against AAV serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 using a previously established virus neutralization assay. In all, 100 healthy donors and 200 @entity4 patient's serum samples (101 @entity2 and 99 @entity3 ) were analyzed. RESULTS: A significant difference was detected in the prevalence of nAb's for AAV types 1, 5, 6, and 8 between the healthy donors and the @entity0 population. Furthermore, various disease phenotypic characteristics correlated with the prevalence of nAb's to all the serotypes studied. CONCLUSIONS: Our study establishes a foundation for the development of an AAV-based gene therapy approach as a novel treatment for @entity4 . Furthermore, we show a relationship between disease phenotype in @entity4 @entity0 and the humoral immune response to AAV.

title: Neutralizing antibodies against adeno-associated viruses in XXXX @entity0 : implications for gene therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are comprised of two major disorders: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). No curative treatment options are available, but gene therapy may offer an alternative therapeutic approach. For this a safe and reliable vector is needed. The adeno-associated viruses (AAV) have attracted considerable interest as gene therapy vectors. However, neutralizing antibodies (nAb's) made in response to wildtype AAV have been associated with a partial to complete block of transduction in case of reexposure. Therefore, and in order to define AAV vector candidates to treat @entity4 @entity0 , we characterized preexisting humoral responses to AAV in this population. METHODS: We measured circulating antibodies against AAV serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 using a previously established virus neutralization assay. In all, 100 healthy donors and 200 @entity4 patient's serum samples (101 @entity2 and 99 @entity3 ) were analyzed. RESULTS: A significant difference was detected in the prevalence of nAb's for AAV types 1, 5, 6, and 8 between the healthy donors and the @entity0 population. Furthermore, various disease phenotypic characteristics correlated with the prevalence of nAb's to all the serotypes studied. CONCLUSIONS: Our study establishes a foundation for the development of an AAV-based gene therapy approach as a novel treatment for @entity4 . Furthermore, we show a relationship between disease phenotype in @entity4 @entity0 and the humoral immune response to AAV.

title: Neutralizing antibodies against adeno-associated viruses in @entity1 XXXX : implications for gene therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: To facilitate prospective medical assessment of adults surviving pediatric malignancies and advance knowledge about long-term @entity1 survivor health, St. Jude @entity0 's Research Hospital (SJCRH) is establishing a lifetime cohort of survivors. METHODS: Eligibility criteria for inclusion in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (SJLIFE) study include: (1) diagnosis of @entity1 treated at SJCRH; (2) survival >=  10 years from diagnosis; and (3) current age >=  18 years. Three levels of participation are offered: (1) comprehensive evaluation on SJCRH campus; (2) limited home evaluation; or (3) completion of health surveys only. A systematic recruitment structure based upon blocks of 50 @entity0 initially focused on @entity3 and @entity2 survivors and @entity0 eligible for pilot studies. RESULTS: As of January 1, 2010, 1,625 (42%) of 3,900 eligible >=  10-year survivors have been contacted. Among the first 1,000 potentially eligible survivors selected for recruitment, 971 were subsequently confirmed to fulfill eligibility criteria. To date, 898/971 (92.5%) have been successfully contacted of whom 825 (91.8%) have agreed to participate. Among @entity0 , 88.6% agreed to comprehensive medical evaluation, 0.4% limited local evaluation, and 11.0% survey only. Anticipated minimum overall participation rate for medical evaluation is 75.3% (731/971). Comparison of those contacted who agreed versus declined to participate revealed a greater proportion of males who declined participation (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Early results of the SJLIFE study support its feasibility to recruit aging @entity1 survivors to research investigations evaluating late health outcomes by medical assessments.

title: Prospective medical assessment of adults surviving XXXX : study design, cohort characteristics, and feasibility of the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with stage 4 and 4S @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have a superior prognosis to older @entity0 . However, they often require intensive therapy including abdominal radiation. We aimed to investigate the long-term hepatic outcomes in @entity0 with stage 4S and 4 @entity2 . METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 38 @entity0 diagnosed with stage 4S and 4 @entity2 between 1984 and 2002. We included only those with available follow-up 5 years following diagnosis. We assessed hepatic imaging and function (transaminases, @entity3 , alkaline phosphatase) at all available time points from diagnosis. Abnormalities present at more than 5 years from diagnosis were considered persistent late changes. RESULTS: We identified 15 stage 4S and 12 stage 4 @entity0 . Twelve of 15 stage 4S @entity0 had hepatic involvement at diagnosis, 8 of whom required abdominal radiation. Five of eight demonstrated late imaging changes. Two of four with hepatic metastases but no radiation demonstrated late imaging changes. The late imaging changes resolved over time and without intervention in 3/7 survivors. The persistent lesions included liver @entity1 (1) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (3). Five of 12 stage 4 @entity2 @entity0 had hepatic involvement at diagnosis; none required radiation or had late hepatic imaging changes. CONCLUSIONS: In stage 4S @entity2 , adverse hepatic effects are infrequent, may resolve over time, and occur with or without radiation. @entity4 should be considered in those with persistent late imaging changes. Adverse hepatic outcomes after liver involvement or radiation in @entity0 with stage 4 @entity2 rarely occur.

title: Long-term hepatic outcomes in survivors of stage 4S and 4 XXXX in infancy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 screening aims to detect potentially metastasizing @entity4 at an early and surgically curable stage. This may take the form of mass screening, as currently occurs in Germany, or of targeted screening of those at greatest risk. OBJECTIVE: To develop a model to identify @entity0 at high risk of developing @entity4 who would benefit from regular @entity4 screening. METHODS: This was an open prospective point-prevalence study of consecutive @entity0 presenting to dermatologists for a total skin check. @entity4 risk factors were recorded and, for the first time, histology of @entity1 was documented. Results were analysed by univariate and multivariate analyses and, after logistic regression with stepwise forward selection, a risk-group model was developed. RESULTS: The results of 108,281 total skin examinations were available for analysis. 142 definite @entity2 , 108 severely @entity6 naevi/cannot-exclude- @entity2 , 491 @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and 93 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were excised. A risk model was developed for @entity2 and @entity3 based on mathematical e-functions. The model had >92% sensitivity for @entity2 and @entity3 and an overall 67.24% specificity for @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity5 . This targeted risk model identified one-third of the study population as being at risk for the development of @entity2 and @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Using the risk calculator developed from this study, targeted screening of the identified at-risk population reduces the numbers needed to be screened regularly by 50%, yet has better sensitivity for @entity2 and similar sensitivity for @entity3 compared to the current mass screening programme in Germany.

title: Development of a targeted risk-group model for XXXX screening based on more than 100,000 total skin examinations.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some manufactured nanoparticles are metal-based and have a wide variety of applications in electronic, engineering and medicine. Until now, many studies have described the potential @entity2 of NPs on pulmonary target, while little attention has been paid to kidney which is considered to be a secondary target organ. The objective of this study, on @entity0 renal culture cells, was to assess the @entity2 profile of metallic nanoparticles ( @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity6 ) usable in industrial production. Comparative studies were conducted, to identify whether particle properties impact @entity2 by altering the intracellular oxidative status. RESULTS: Nanoparticles were first characterized by size, surface charge, dispersion and solubility. @entity2 of NPs was then evaluated in @entity7 (glomerular mesangial) and @entity0 (epithelial proximal) cell lines. @entity3 and @entity6 NPs significantly increased the cell mortality, in a dose-dependent manner. Cytotoxic effects were correlated with the physicochemical properties of NPs tested and the cell type used. Analysis of reactive @entity1 species and intracellular levels of reduced and oxidized @entity4 revealed that particles induced stress according to their composition, size and solubility. Protein involved in oxidative stress such as NF-kb was activated with @entity3 and @entity6 nanoparticles. Such effects were not observed with @entity5 nanoparticles. CONCLUSION: On glomerular and tubular @entity0 renal cells, @entity3 and @entity6 nanoparticles exerted cytotoxic effects that were correlated with metal composition, particle scale and metal solubility. ROS production and oxidative stress induction clearly indicated their nephrotoxic potential.

title: XXXX and oxidative stress induced by different metallic nanoparticles on @entity0 kidney cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some manufactured nanoparticles are metal-based and have a wide variety of applications in electronic, engineering and medicine. Until now, many studies have described the potential @entity2 of NPs on pulmonary target, while little attention has been paid to kidney which is considered to be a secondary target organ. The objective of this study, on @entity0 renal culture cells, was to assess the @entity2 profile of metallic nanoparticles ( @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity6 ) usable in industrial production. Comparative studies were conducted, to identify whether particle properties impact @entity2 by altering the intracellular oxidative status. RESULTS: Nanoparticles were first characterized by size, surface charge, dispersion and solubility. @entity2 of NPs was then evaluated in @entity7 (glomerular mesangial) and @entity0 (epithelial proximal) cell lines. @entity3 and @entity6 NPs significantly increased the cell mortality, in a dose-dependent manner. Cytotoxic effects were correlated with the physicochemical properties of NPs tested and the cell type used. Analysis of reactive @entity1 species and intracellular levels of reduced and oxidized @entity4 revealed that particles induced stress according to their composition, size and solubility. Protein involved in oxidative stress such as NF-kb was activated with @entity3 and @entity6 nanoparticles. Such effects were not observed with @entity5 nanoparticles. CONCLUSION: On glomerular and tubular @entity0 renal cells, @entity3 and @entity6 nanoparticles exerted cytotoxic effects that were correlated with metal composition, particle scale and metal solubility. ROS production and oxidative stress induction clearly indicated their nephrotoxic potential.

title: @entity2 and oxidative stress induced by different metallic nanoparticles on XXXX kidney cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hypothesis of cochlear and @entity1 in @entity3 , using evoked response audiometry. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomised, case-control study. METHODS: The study included 25 @entity0 with @entity3 and 25 controls with other febrile illnesses not known to cause @entity2 . Controls were age- and sex-matched. All subjects underwent pure tone audiometry and evoked response audiometry before commencing treatment. RESULTS: Six @entity0 presented with @entity2 , although a total of 23 @entity0 had evidence of symmetrical high frequency loss on pure tone audiometry. Evoked response audiometry found significant prolongation of absolute latencies of wave I, III, V, and wave I-III interpeak latency. Two cases with normal hearing had increased interpeak latencies. These findings constitute level 3b evidence. CONCLUSION: Findings were suggestive of retrocochlear pathology in two cases with normal hearing. In other @entity0 , high frequency @entity2 may have led to altered evoked response results. Although @entity3 appears to cause middle ear cochlear and @entity1 , the presence of such damage could not be fully confirmed by evoked response audiometry.

title: Evoked response audiometry in XXXX : prospective, randomised, case-control study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The immune system is suppressed during chemotherapy. This makes diagnosis of severe life-threatening infections more difficult and it also intensifies the clinical course of such infections. Hence, empirical use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is mandatory. We investigated if @entity4 (PCT) measurement may improve diagnostic accuracy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospective observational study, we included all admissions due to febrile episodes in a cohort of @entity0 below 16 years of age. PCT and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were analyzed using LUMI test and VITROS @entity3 slides, respectively. RESULTS: We recorded 230 febrile episodes in 85 @entity0 . Severe @entity1 was found in 61 (27%) of these episodes. PCT performed better than @entity3 (p value  <= 0.01). The discriminative power of PCT was significant already from admission. For @entity3 , discriminative power was significant after 48 hours. The cut-offs for PCT and @entity3 were 0.4 ng/ml and 336 nmol/ml to achieve sensitivities of 93%. The specificities for PCT and @entity3 were 45% and 22%, respectively. @entity1 @entity0 were not found, either by PCT or by @entity3 in four (7%) cases. PCT levels rose in response to infection in the @entity2 population. CONCLUSION: PCT measurement considerably improves biochemical information; however, the sensitivity is too low to safely alter the recommended administration of empirical antibiotics at admission.

title: @entity4 adds to diagnosis, but does not reduce initial antibiotics in febrile XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The immune system is suppressed during chemotherapy. This makes diagnosis of severe life-threatening infections more difficult and it also intensifies the clinical course of such infections. Hence, empirical use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is mandatory. We investigated if @entity4 (PCT) measurement may improve diagnostic accuracy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospective observational study, we included all admissions due to febrile episodes in a cohort of @entity0 below 16 years of age. PCT and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were analyzed using LUMI test and VITROS @entity3 slides, respectively. RESULTS: We recorded 230 febrile episodes in 85 @entity0 . Severe @entity1 was found in 61 (27%) of these episodes. PCT performed better than @entity3 (p value  <= 0.01). The discriminative power of PCT was significant already from admission. For @entity3 , discriminative power was significant after 48 hours. The cut-offs for PCT and @entity3 were 0.4 ng/ml and 336 nmol/ml to achieve sensitivities of 93%. The specificities for PCT and @entity3 were 45% and 22%, respectively. @entity1 @entity0 were not found, either by PCT or by @entity3 in four (7%) cases. PCT levels rose in response to infection in the @entity2 population. CONCLUSION: PCT measurement considerably improves biochemical information; however, the sensitivity is too low to safely alter the recommended administration of empirical antibiotics at admission.

title: XXXX adds to diagnosis, but does not reduce initial antibiotics in febrile @entity2 @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The immune system is suppressed during chemotherapy. This makes diagnosis of severe life-threatening infections more difficult and it also intensifies the clinical course of such infections. Hence, empirical use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is mandatory. We investigated if @entity4 (PCT) measurement may improve diagnostic accuracy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospective observational study, we included all admissions due to febrile episodes in a cohort of @entity0 below 16 years of age. PCT and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were analyzed using LUMI test and VITROS @entity3 slides, respectively. RESULTS: We recorded 230 febrile episodes in 85 @entity0 . Severe @entity1 was found in 61 (27%) of these episodes. PCT performed better than @entity3 (p value  <= 0.01). The discriminative power of PCT was significant already from admission. For @entity3 , discriminative power was significant after 48 hours. The cut-offs for PCT and @entity3 were 0.4 ng/ml and 336 nmol/ml to achieve sensitivities of 93%. The specificities for PCT and @entity3 were 45% and 22%, respectively. @entity1 @entity0 were not found, either by PCT or by @entity3 in four (7%) cases. PCT levels rose in response to infection in the @entity2 population. CONCLUSION: PCT measurement considerably improves biochemical information; however, the sensitivity is too low to safely alter the recommended administration of empirical antibiotics at admission.

title: @entity4 adds to diagnosis, but does not reduce initial antibiotics in febrile @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The mammography screening trials have shown varying results. This could be because screening was better in some trials than in others at advancing the time of diagnosis. If so, more @entity1 would be identified in such trials relative to the control group, and fewer of the @entity1 would have reached an advanced stage. I performed a systematic review of the mammography screening trials using metaregression. Finding many @entity1 was not related to the size of the reduction in @entity0 mortality (p = 0.19 after seven and p = 0.73 after 13 years of follow-up). In contrast, finding few @entity1 in stage II and above predicted a larger reduction in @entity0 mortality (p = 0.04 and p = 0.006). This expected association was also found for node-positive @entity1 (p = 0.008 and p = 0.04). However, a screening effectiveness of zero (same proportion of node-positive @entity1 in the screened group as in the control group) predicted a significant 16% reduction in @entity0 mortality after 13 years (95% confidence interval, 9% to 23% reduction). This can only occur if there is bias. Further analyses uncovered bias in both assessment of the cause of @entity1 in advanced stages. Consequently, the differences in the reported reductions in @entity0 mortality cannot be explained by differences in screening effectiveness. Given that the size of the bias was similar to the estimated screening effect, screening appeared ineffective.

title: Relation between XXXX mortality and screening effectiveness: systematic review of the mammography trials.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Mechanical stress plays a key role in bone remodeling. Previous studies showed that loading of mechanical stretch induces a rapid @entity1 influx and subsequent activation of stress-activated protein kinase pathways in osteoblasts. However, the activation mechanism and its significance in bone remodeling have not been fully elucidated. Here we show that @entity4 MAPKKK was activated by cyclic stretch loading of @entity0 cells. Knockdown of @entity4 attenuated the stretch-induced activation of JNK, @entity3 , and NF-kB. Extracellular (EGTA) or intracellular (BAPTA/AM) @entity1 chelator prevented the stretch-induced activation of @entity4 . Activation of @entity4 and its associated downstream signaling pathways were also suppressed by @entity7 inhibitors ( @entity6 and @entity5 ). Furthermore, @entity4 -mediated downstream pathways cooperatively induced the expression of @entity2 mRNA in the stretched @entity0 cells. We also confirmed that @entity4 mediates cyclic stretch-induced @entity2 protein synthesis in the cells using immunoblotting and ELISA. Finally, stretch loading of @entity0 primary osteoblasts induced the expression of @entity2 mRNA via @entity4 . Collectively, these data suggest that stretch-dependent @entity1 influx activates @entity4 via @entity7 , leading to the enhanced expression of @entity2 through JNK, @entity3 , and NF-kB pathways in osteoblasts.

title: TGF-b-activated kinase 1 mediates mechanical stress-induced XXXX expression in osteoblasts.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are rare @entity2 accounting for less than 5% of @entity2 in @entity0 and adolescents. They differ from those diagnosed in adults by their presentation, histology, evolution and treatment modalities. @entity6 occur mostly in @entity0 less than 6 months. @entity1 is often the only symptom, but signs of hormonal secretion with @entity3 may be present. Juvenile granulosa @entity6 is the main histologic subtype. Sertoli SCTs are much less frequent while Leydig @entity2 occurred in older @entity0 and adolescents. Prognosis is excellent after inguinal orchiectomy. Testis sparing surgery could be performed but indications and modalities have to be strongly defined. Ovarian @entity6 are diagnosed in older @entity0 and adolescents and present with abdominal symptoms and/or signs of hormonal secretion: estrogenic manifestations (isosexual pseudoprecocity, menometrorrhagia) or @entity7 (hirsutism, @entity5 ). Main histologic subtype is juvenile granulosa (rarely Sertoli-Leydig). If oophorectomy (or salpingo-oophorectomy) may be curative for localized disease, adjuvant @entity4 -containing chemotherapy is mandatory in case of @entity2 rupture or peritoneal dissemination to prevent recurrences. Because of the rarity of these @entity2 , concerted multidisciplinary cares are required to best adapt therapeutic strategy before any surgical intervention.

title: [Specificities of sex-cord XXXX in @entity0 and adolescents].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are rare @entity2 accounting for less than 5% of @entity2 in @entity0 and adolescents. They differ from those diagnosed in adults by their presentation, histology, evolution and treatment modalities. @entity6 occur mostly in @entity0 less than 6 months. @entity1 is often the only symptom, but signs of hormonal secretion with @entity3 may be present. Juvenile granulosa @entity6 is the main histologic subtype. Sertoli SCTs are much less frequent while Leydig @entity2 occurred in older @entity0 and adolescents. Prognosis is excellent after inguinal orchiectomy. Testis sparing surgery could be performed but indications and modalities have to be strongly defined. Ovarian @entity6 are diagnosed in older @entity0 and adolescents and present with abdominal symptoms and/or signs of hormonal secretion: estrogenic manifestations (isosexual pseudoprecocity, menometrorrhagia) or @entity7 (hirsutism, @entity5 ). Main histologic subtype is juvenile granulosa (rarely Sertoli-Leydig). If oophorectomy (or salpingo-oophorectomy) may be curative for localized disease, adjuvant @entity4 -containing chemotherapy is mandatory in case of @entity2 rupture or peritoneal dissemination to prevent recurrences. Because of the rarity of these @entity2 , concerted multidisciplinary cares are required to best adapt therapeutic strategy before any surgical intervention.

title: [Specificities of sex-cord @entity2 in XXXX and adolescents].

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Euglena produces paramylon as a storage polysaccharide, and is thought to require b-1,3-glucan degrading enzymes to release and utilize the accumulated @entity3 . To investigate b-1,3-glucan degradation in Euglena, endo-1,3-b-glucanases were partially purified from @entity6 by hydrophobic, gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. Tryptic digests and mass-spectrometric analysis identified three proteins in the purified fraction as a member of glycoside hydrolase family (GH) 17 and two members of GH81. These genes were cloned from an Euglena cDNA pool by PCR. EgCel17A fused with a @entity5 -tag at the @entity2 terminus was heterologously produced by @entity7 and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Purified EgCel17A had a molecular weight of about 40kDa by @entity0 -PAGE, which was identical to that deduced from its @entity4 sequence. The enzyme showed hydrolytic activity towards b-1,3-glucans such as @entity8 and paramylon. Maximum activity of @entity8 degradation by EgCel17A was attained at pH 4.0-5.5 and 60  C after 1h incubation or 50  C after 20h incubation. The enzyme had a Km of 0.21mg/ml and a Vmax of 40.5units/mg protein for @entity8 degradation at pH 5.0 and 50  C. Furthermore, EgCel17A catalyzed a transglycosylation reaction by which reaction products with a higher molecular weight than the supplied substrates were initially generated; however, ultimately the substrates were degraded into @entity1 , @entity9 and @entity10 . EgCel17A effectively produced soluble b-1,3-glucans from alkaline-treated Euglena freeze-dried powder containing paramylon. Thus, EgCel17 is the first functional endo-1,3-b-glucanase to be identified from @entity6 .

title: Identification and enzymatic characterization of an endo-1,3-b-glucanase from XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 seeking emergency care for @entity2 still experience poor @entity1 management. @entity1 intensity is not always seen as a mandatory parameter in the initial nurse assessment. Despite the development of nurse-initiated analgesic protocols, many @entity0 do not receive analgesics in the emergency department. The aim of this study was to describe initial nursing assessment related to @entity1 management and to identify predictors for receiving or not receiving analgesics in the emergency department. The sample consists of 100 @entity0 from an intervention group in a previously undertaken Swedish intervention study. The main findings were that the registered nurses assessed 62 @entity0 as being in need of analgesics, and that 52 of these obtained analgesics. The majority of the @entity0 assessed as not being in need of analgesics did not receive analgesics because they did not want medication. Median value for @entity1 intensity at initial assessment was 6 on the numerical rating scale. The results for the logistic regression (n  =  80) showed significant differences between receiving analgesics/not receiving analgesics and the predictor @entity1 intensity (measured at initial nurse assessment). Nurses in emergency departments play a crucial role, in that their initial assessment is of specific importance for the @entity0 's further care and whether the @entity0 may or may not receive analgesics. However, more attention has to be paid to @entity0 ' experiences and their expectations regarding the @entity1 management in the emergency department. These complex questions have to be studied further in a more systematic way.

title: To Receive or Not to Receive Analgesics in the Emergency Department: The Importance of the XXXX Intensity Assessment and Initial Nursing Assessment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) widely occurs among victims or witness of disasters. With flashbacks, hyperarousal, and avoidance being the typical symptoms, @entity3 became a focus of psychological research. The earthquake in Wenchuan, China, on May 12, 2008, was without precedent in magnitude and aftermath and caused huge damage, which drew scientists' attention to mental health of the survivors. We conducted a systematic overview by collecting published articles from the PubMed database and classifying them into five points: epidemiology, neuropathology, biochemistry, genetics and epigenetics, and treatment. The large body of research during the past 6 years showed that adolescents and adults were among the most studied populations with high prevalence rates for @entity3 . Genomic and transcriptomic studies focusing on gene * environment studies as well as epigenetics are still rare, although a few available data showed great potential to better understand the pathophysiology of @entity3 as @entity1 . Phytotherapy with Chinese herbs and acupuncture are rarely reported as of yet, although the first published data indicated promising therapy effects. Future studies should focus on the following points: (1) The affected populations under observation should be better defined concerning individual risk factor, time of observation, @entity2 , and individual disease courses of @entity0 . (2) The role of social support for prevalence rates of @entity3 should be observed in more detail. (3) Efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine should be studied to find potential interventions and effective treatments of @entity3 .

title: Systematic Review on Post-Traumatic XXXX Among Survivors of the Wenchuan Earthquake.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 (ACOS) is associated with rapid decline in lung function, poorer health-related quality-of-life outcomes, and frequent exacerbations, compared to @entity1 alone. Although the numbers of @entity0 with ACOS have increased, there is little established evidence regarding diagnostic criteria and treatment options. Thus, the aim of our study was to clarify the clinical, physiological, and radiological features of @entity0 with ACOS. METHODS: We examined a total of 100 @entity0 with @entity1 and 40 @entity0 with ACOS, who were selected based on clinical criteria. All @entity0 underwent baseline testing, including a @entity1 assessment test, pulmonary function tests, and multidetector row computed tomography imaging. Percentage of low attenuation volume, percentage of wall area, and percentage of total cross-sectional area of pulmonary vessels less than 5 mm(2) (%CSA <5) were determined using multidetector row computed tomography. ACOS @entity0 were administered a fixed dose of @entity2 / @entity3 (160/4.5  g, two inhalations; twice daily) for 12 weeks, after which the ACOS @entity0 underwent multidetector row computed tomography to measure the same parameters. RESULTS: At baseline, the ACOS @entity0 and @entity1 @entity0 had a similar degree of airflow limitation, vital capacity, and residual volume. ACOS @entity0 had higher @entity1 assessment test scores, percentage of wall area, and %CSA <5 than @entity1 @entity0 . Compared to baseline, @entity2 / @entity3 treatment significantly increased the forced expiratory volume in 1 second and decreased the degree of airway wall thickness (percentage of wall area) as well as pulmonary microvascular density (%CSA <5) in ACOS @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that ACOS is characterized by an airway lesion-dominant phenotype, in contrast to @entity1 . Higher %CSA <5 might be a characteristic feature of ACOS.

title: Clinical, physiological, and radiological features of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many biominerals form from amorphous @entity2 ( @entity6 ), but this phase is highly unstable when synthesised in its pure form inorganically. Several species of earthworm secrete @entity2 granules which contain highly stable @entity6 . We analysed the milky fluid from which granules form and solid granules for @entity1 (by liquid chromatography) and functional group (by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy) compositions. Granule elemental composition was determined using @entity3 ( @entity4 ) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). Mass of @entity6 present in solid granules was quantified using FTIR and compared to granule elemental and @entity1 compositions. Bulk analysis of granules was of powdered bulk material. Spatially resolved analysis was of thin sections of granules using synchrotron-based  -FTIR and EMPA electron microprobe analysis. RESULTS: The milky fluid from which granules form is @entity1 -rich ( <= 136    3 nmol mg(-1) (n = 3;    std dev) per individual @entity1 ); the @entity5 phase present is @entity6 . Even four years after production, granules contain @entity6 . No correlation exists between mass of @entity6 present and granule elemental composition. Granule @entity1 concentrations correlate well with @entity6 content (r >=  0.7, p  <= 0.05) consistent with a role for @entity0 (or the proteins they make up) in @entity6 stabilisation. Intra-granule variation in @entity6 (RSD = 16%) and @entity1 concentration (RSD = 22-35%) was high for granules produced by the same earthworm. Maps of @entity6 distribution produced using synchrotron-based  -FTIR mapping of granule thin sections and the relative intensity of the   2:   4 peak ratio, cluster analysis and component regression using @entity6 and calcite standards showed similar spatial distributions of likely @entity6 -rich and calcite-rich areas. We could not identify organic peaks in the  -FTIR spectra and thus could not determine whether @entity6 -rich domains also had relatively high @entity1 concentrations. No correlation exists between @entity6 distribution and elemental concentrations determined by EMPA. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 present in earthworm @entity5 granules is highly stable. Our results suggest a role for @entity0 (or proteins) in this stability. We see no evidence for stabilisation of @entity6 by incorporation of inorganic components. Graphical abstractSynchrotron-based  -FTIR mapping was used to determine the spatial distribution of amorphous @entity2 in earthworm-produced @entity5 granules.

title: Biomineralisation by earthworms - an investigation into the stability and distribution of amorphous XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Electrodermal activity (EDA) and electrodermal biofeedback, when integrated with pharmacologic treatments, indicate promising methods for the treatment of grand mal @entity2 . They can be used to monitor @entity0 arousal and help @entity0 learn new strategies to better cope with stress and @entity1 . Our proposed method can possibly reduce the number of crises for @entity0 who are dependent on pharmacologic therapy and can improve their quality of life. This article describes the scientific background of electrodermal monitoring and electrodermal biofeedback for @entity0 affected by grand mal @entity2 . In this study, we have reported a clinical case study. The @entity0 was treated for 2 years with electrodermal biofeedback to augment pharmacologic treatments. The trial has been designed in accordance with "n = 1 case study research". Our results have shown that our methods could achieve a significant @entity3 and sympathetic arousal when applied. The @entity0 under consideration was also relaxed and exhibited greater competency to cope with stress. Additionally, the @entity0 's sense of mastery and self-efficacy was enhanced.

title: Integrating electrodermal biofeedback into pharmacologic treatment of grand mal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Gold Micro Shunt (GMS) for @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: This is a prospective uncontrolled case series study. Fifty-five eyes of 55 @entity0 were included. Study eyes underwent GMS implantation in the supraciliary space. Follow-up visits were performed on day 1, week 1 and months 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24; @entity0 underwent slit-lamp examination, Goldmann applanation tonometry, ultrasound biomicroscopy and gonioscopy. RESULTS: Before inclusion, the eyes underwent an average (   SD) of 1.9    0.7 (range 1-5) previous @entity2 surgery procedures. Forty eyes were pseudophakic, 12 were phakic and 3 were aphakic. The mean baseline intraocular pressure was 30.8    8.8 mm Hg (range 22-58 mm Hg) despite maximal medical treatment. After 2 years of follow-up, qualified success was achieved in 37 eyes (67.3%) and complete success was achieved in 3 eyes (5.5%). In success group @entity0 , mean intraocular pressure decreased from 27.6    6.9 at baseline to 13.7    2.98 mm Hg after 2 years of follow-up; the mean (   SD) number of medications was 1.4    0.7 in the postoperative phase, compared with a value of 2.5    0.9 in the preoperative phase. Mild side effects occurred in 21 @entity0 , with mild or moderate @entity1 being the most frequent one. Development of a thin membrane, obstructing the anterior holes, was the most important factor affecting the efficacy of this device; it was found to be present in 12 @entity0 from the failure group (66.7% of failures). CONCLUSION: GMS achieved qualified success in about 67.3% of eyes with uncontrolled @entity2 with a low rate of complications.

title: Supraciliary shunt in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Ultrasonography has been used to detect fetal @entity1 since the 1980s, although there has been little uniformity in policy. In the UK, data published for 1993-1995 found an average detection rate of 23.4% with a Scottish rate of 9.6%. At the time of this study, 10 out of the 14 health boards in Scotland were implementing the 16-22-week @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The aims of this study were to determine the rate of antenatal diagnosis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) throughout Scotland during 1 January to 31 December 2006, to document the regional differences in detection and to determine if implementation of a @entity2 significantly improved rates. Retrospective data were collected from the centralized Paediatric Cardiac Services in Edinburgh and Glasgow. The database contains information on all @entity0 with @entity1 in Scotland. All @entity0 requiring cardiac intervention or dying in the first year of life were included. The results showed that the antenatal diagnosis rate for Scotland was 28% (95% CI 21.2%, 34.9%). The Scottish health boards that had implemented the @entity2 had a significantly higher antenatal detection rate (  (2) test P = 0.037). In conclusion, antenatal detection rate of @entity1 varies widely throughout Scotland. Implementation of the @entity2 has made a significant difference to antenatal diagnosis.

title: The antenatal detection rate of XXXX in Scotland.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore the role of @entity2 in persistent @entity3 after thoracotomy, combining a clinical follow-up and a psychophysical examination of the operated area. METHODS: Seventy-three @entity0 were followed and examined at their discharge from hospital, 6 weeks and 4 months after pneumonectomy under thoracotomy. Spontaneous and evoked @entity3 was assessed by clinical examination, a 7-day @entity3 score, and the @entity1 Symptom Inventory. At the fourth month follow-up, @entity3 and tolerance thresholds to pinprick, heat, and warm sensation threshold were measured on both sides of the thorax. RESULTS: The rate of spontaneous @entity3 was 40% at discharge and went up to 59% at the sixth week follow-up. @entity3 was rare at discharge (11%), most cases appearing at the sixth week follow-up (47%). The evolution profiles of @entity3 between the sixth week and the fourth month follow-up were heterogeneous with a tendency to decrease. Young age, female sex, and spontaneous @entity3 observed at discharge from hospital were identified as early predictive factors of spontaneous @entity3 persisting at the fourth month follow-up. On the side of operation, thresholds tended to increase for warm and hot stimuli, and to decrease for mechanical stimuli. At the fourth month follow-up, spontaneous @entity3 and evoked @entity3 were associated to @entity6 , persisting @entity4 , low mechanical thresholds, altered sensation of heat, and impaired quality of life. DISCUSSION: @entity5 is common after thoracotomy, with variant characteristics, ranging from subclinical disturbances to severe @entity3 . The process seems to develop between the discharge from hospital and the sixth week after thoracotomy.

title: Characteristics of the XXXX induced by thoracotomy: a 4-month follow-up study with psychophysical examination.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Parent @entity2 is sometimes required to treat @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the Nfocus LUNA parent vessel occlusion (PVO) device in comparison with the Vascular Plug ( @entity4 ) used in the peripheral vasculature for large-vessel occlusion in a @entity1 animal model. METHODS: The subclavian arteries were targeted for occlusion in 7 @entity1 . Each animal received 1 LUNA and 1 AVP device sequentially rotated between the left and right subclavian arteries. Angiographic assessment was performed serially after device placement until vessel occlusion was observed and then again immediately before the animal was killed. Three animals were euthanized at 1 month and 4 at 2 months post-implantation, after which the native artery segments containing the implanted device were harvested and preserved for subsequent histological analysis. RESULTS: The LUNA PVO device and the AVP were accurately positioned and deployed in all cases. Acute occlusion times for the devices were not statistically different. In no instance was there any evidence of device @entity3 . At 28 and 55 days, the LUNA implants showed nearly complete occlusion with small recanalization channels, whereas the AVP devices were associated with low occlusion levels and large residual vascular channels within the occluder. CONCLUSION: The LUNA PVO device and delivery system can be accurately placed to occlude vessels without @entity3 and with a performance that is similar to the AVP. The LUNA PVO device on average provided a higher degree of occlusion durability at both 1 and 2 months.

title: Evaluation of the Nfocus LUNA, a new parent vessel occlusion device: a comparative study in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: In this study the author proposes to compare eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) and an odontoiatric spray solution of 10% @entity4 (Ecocain) for surgical debridement in @entity3 . Approach: Fifty @entity0 were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups (A, B). All of them have venous leg @entity2 in the medial and/or lateral malleolar region. Group A: topical anesthetic EMLA with film occlusion. Group B: topical anesthesia with Ecocain. The author proceeded to surgical debridement after local anesthesia. A questionnaire and a visual analog scale (VAS) were administered to assess the amount of @entity1 felt during the debridement and during the following 6   h. Results: The analysis of the VAS revealed no major significant differences statistically. The analysis of the questionnaires showed @entity0 treated with Ecocain took more analgesic drugs. Analysis of the timing and quality of procedure showed that Ecocain reduced the timing of debridement and dressing change, improving the outpatient management and @entity0 compliance. Innovations: For rapid debridement, the most appropriate is to use Ecocain. Conclusion: Methods of local anesthesia are multiple and must be identified according to the needs of the @entity0 and the surgeon trying to get the best anesthesia with minimal use of time and resources.

title: EMLA and XXXX Spray: A Comparison for Surgical Debridement in @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: In this study the author proposes to compare eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) and an odontoiatric spray solution of 10% @entity4 (Ecocain) for surgical debridement in @entity3 . Approach: Fifty @entity0 were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups (A, B). All of them have venous leg @entity2 in the medial and/or lateral malleolar region. Group A: topical anesthetic EMLA with film occlusion. Group B: topical anesthesia with Ecocain. The author proceeded to surgical debridement after local anesthesia. A questionnaire and a visual analog scale (VAS) were administered to assess the amount of @entity1 felt during the debridement and during the following 6   h. Results: The analysis of the VAS revealed no major significant differences statistically. The analysis of the questionnaires showed @entity0 treated with Ecocain took more analgesic drugs. Analysis of the timing and quality of procedure showed that Ecocain reduced the timing of debridement and dressing change, improving the outpatient management and @entity0 compliance. Innovations: For rapid debridement, the most appropriate is to use Ecocain. Conclusion: Methods of local anesthesia are multiple and must be identified according to the needs of the @entity0 and the surgeon trying to get the best anesthesia with minimal use of time and resources.

title: EMLA and @entity4 Spray: A Comparison for Surgical Debridement in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is the standard procedure for treatment of @entity2 . Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) can be performed for resection of larger @entity1 , but has not been studied in the colorectum because of technical difficulties and complications. We compared outcomes and complications after resection of @entity2 larger than 20 mm diameter by ESD and EMR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 104 @entity2 treated with EMR from 1995 to 2004, and 85 @entity2 treated with ESD from 2005 to 2009. We compared the @entity1 location, shape, size, procedure time, en bloc resection rate, recurrence rate, and associated complications between the treatments. RESULTS: @entity1 treated with ESD were larger (31.6    9.0 vs. 25.5    6.8 mm, P<0.001), incurred a longer procedure time (87.2    49.7 vs. 29.4    26.1 min, P<0.001), had a higher en bloc resection rate [71 of 85 @entity1 (83.5%) vs. 50 of 104 @entity1 (48.1%), P<0.001], and had a lower recurrence rate [one of 84 @entity1 (1.2%) vs. 16 of 104 @entity1 (15.4%); P=0.002] compared with EMR. Perforation occurred in five (5.9%) cases after ESD and in none after EMR (P=0.04). @entity3 occurred in two (2.4%) and three (2.9%) cases after ESD and EMR (P=not significant), respectively. Although 11 of 16 cases with recurrence after EMR were cured by additional endoscopic treatment, three cases required surgery. The only recurrence after ESD was in one @entity0 who developed perforation after snare EMR. CONCLUSION: Despite its longer procedure time and higher perforation rate, ESD resulted in a higher en bloc resection rate and lower recurrence rate for larger @entity2 compared with EMR.

title: Comparison of endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection for large XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a condition characterised by @entity12 due to hypokalaemia usually secondary to @entity11 . We report a case of a 31-year-old @entity0 with no known comorbidities who presented to a tertiary healthcare unit with a 1-month history of difficulty in breathing, palpitations, @entity1 and @entity14 . On examination, his thyroid gland was palpable and fine hand @entity2 were present. An initial provisional diagnosis of @entity7 was made. Three months after initial presentation, the @entity0 presented in emergency with severe @entity4 and inability to stand. Laboratory results revealed hypokalaemia. All the symptoms reverted over the next few hours on administration of intravenous @entity5 . A diagnosis of @entity10 was established. After initial presentation, the @entity0 was treated with @entity13 and @entity6 . Once he was euthyroid, radioactive @entity8 ablation therapy (15   mCi) was carried out as definitive therapy, after which the @entity0 's symptoms resolved; he is currently doing fine on @entity9 replacement and there has been no recurrence of @entity12 .

title: XXXX in @entity11 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a condition characterised by @entity12 due to hypokalaemia usually secondary to @entity11 . We report a case of a 31-year-old @entity0 with no known comorbidities who presented to a tertiary healthcare unit with a 1-month history of difficulty in breathing, palpitations, @entity1 and @entity14 . On examination, his thyroid gland was palpable and fine hand @entity2 were present. An initial provisional diagnosis of @entity7 was made. Three months after initial presentation, the @entity0 presented in emergency with severe @entity4 and inability to stand. Laboratory results revealed hypokalaemia. All the symptoms reverted over the next few hours on administration of intravenous @entity5 . A diagnosis of @entity10 was established. After initial presentation, the @entity0 was treated with @entity13 and @entity6 . Once he was euthyroid, radioactive @entity8 ablation therapy (15   mCi) was carried out as definitive therapy, after which the @entity0 's symptoms resolved; he is currently doing fine on @entity9 replacement and there has been no recurrence of @entity12 .

title: @entity12 in XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: PURPOSE: Successful use of i.v. @entity7 for urgent management of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) due to @entity3 is reported. SUMMARY: A 42-year-old @entity0 receiving intensive care for fulminant @entity5 secondary to @entity4 @entity1 developed @entity6 and @entity2 refractory to standard pharmacotherapy and respiratory support measures. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the @entity0 's head was ordered as part of an evaluation for liver transplantation, but the @entity0 's severely elevated @entity2 precluded supine positioning for the CT study (throughout the hospital stay, the head of the @entity0 's bed was kept at a 30   angle to optimize cerebral venous outflow). With administration of @entity7 10 mg by i.v. injection, the @entity2 decreased from 29 to 13 mm Hg and remained at goal after the @entity0 was placed in a fully supine position for a period long enough to permit the CT scan. @entity7 was used a second time to facilitate CT imaging several days later. No adverse effects attributable to @entity7 use were documented. Although the @entity0 underwent successful liver transplantation, her mental status and overall clinical status continued to deteriorate and she died on postoperative day 12. CONCLUSION: Despite the poor overall @entity0 outcome in this case, i.v. @entity7 was successfully used to decrease @entity2 in order to facilitate CT imaging as part of a transplantation eligibility workup.

title: XXXX for treatment of refractory @entity2 secondary to @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: Successful use of i.v. @entity7 for urgent management of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) due to @entity3 is reported. SUMMARY: A 42-year-old @entity0 receiving intensive care for fulminant @entity5 secondary to @entity4 @entity1 developed @entity6 and @entity2 refractory to standard pharmacotherapy and respiratory support measures. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the @entity0 's head was ordered as part of an evaluation for liver transplantation, but the @entity0 's severely elevated @entity2 precluded supine positioning for the CT study (throughout the hospital stay, the head of the @entity0 's bed was kept at a 30   angle to optimize cerebral venous outflow). With administration of @entity7 10 mg by i.v. injection, the @entity2 decreased from 29 to 13 mm Hg and remained at goal after the @entity0 was placed in a fully supine position for a period long enough to permit the CT scan. @entity7 was used a second time to facilitate CT imaging several days later. No adverse effects attributable to @entity7 use were documented. Although the @entity0 underwent successful liver transplantation, her mental status and overall clinical status continued to deteriorate and she died on postoperative day 12. CONCLUSION: Despite the poor overall @entity0 outcome in this case, i.v. @entity7 was successfully used to decrease @entity2 in order to facilitate CT imaging as part of a transplantation eligibility workup.

title: @entity7 for treatment of refractory XXXX secondary to @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Successful use of i.v. @entity7 for urgent management of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) due to @entity3 is reported. SUMMARY: A 42-year-old @entity0 receiving intensive care for fulminant @entity5 secondary to @entity4 @entity1 developed @entity6 and @entity2 refractory to standard pharmacotherapy and respiratory support measures. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the @entity0 's head was ordered as part of an evaluation for liver transplantation, but the @entity0 's severely elevated @entity2 precluded supine positioning for the CT study (throughout the hospital stay, the head of the @entity0 's bed was kept at a 30   angle to optimize cerebral venous outflow). With administration of @entity7 10 mg by i.v. injection, the @entity2 decreased from 29 to 13 mm Hg and remained at goal after the @entity0 was placed in a fully supine position for a period long enough to permit the CT scan. @entity7 was used a second time to facilitate CT imaging several days later. No adverse effects attributable to @entity7 use were documented. Although the @entity0 underwent successful liver transplantation, her mental status and overall clinical status continued to deteriorate and she died on postoperative day 12. CONCLUSION: Despite the poor overall @entity0 outcome in this case, i.v. @entity7 was successfully used to decrease @entity2 in order to facilitate CT imaging as part of a transplantation eligibility workup.

title: @entity7 for treatment of refractory @entity2 secondary to XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: Breast-conserving surgery with radiation therapy is the primary treatment for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Re-excision is indicated when clear resection margins have not been achieved, although in some cases the procedure may be unnecessary as there is no @entity2 . The purpose of our three-Center retrospective study was to identify predictors of positive re-excision findings following breast-conserving surgery for @entity3 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 285 @entity1 underwent re-excision following conservative treatment for @entity3 between 01/01/08 and 12/31/13 at three @entity0 referral Centers. We conducted a retrospective, comparative review of the factors that differentiated @entity1 with a @entity2 from those without. The study was based on clinical, radiological, surgical and pathological criteria. RESULTS: A total of 180 @entity1 (63%) had @entity2 after conservative treatment. Six factors were predictive on univariate analysis: young age (p=0.025), non-menopausal status (p=0.016), absence of preoperative biopsy (p=0.0029), high nuclear grade (p=0.0181), lesion size >30 mm (p=0.032), and positive surgical margins (p=0.0016). Four factors remained independently predictive on multivariate analysis: non-menopausal status (p=0.0017), high nuclear grade (p=0.0031), lesion size >30 mm (p=0.012) and positive surgical margins (p=0.0013). We calculated a 93% probability of positive re-excision findings if all four factors were combined. On the other hand, if none of the factors were present, the rate fell to 18%. CONCLUSION: In cases of @entity3 , where risk factors for both involved lumpectomy margins and recurrence are carefully studied, knowledge of the risk factors for @entity2 can help guide therapeutic choices.

title: Non-menopausal Status, High Nuclear Grade, Tumor Size >30 mm and Positive Resection Margins Are Predictors of XXXX After Lumpectomy for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 with @entity1 often present with pedal wounds resistant to standard wound healing modalities and become chronic in nature. These chronic wounds in @entity1 @entity0 have a high incidence of complications including @entity2 and amputation. Negative pressure wound therapy has been found to facilitate healing of the stagnant pedal wound. This protocol was designed to determine wound closure rates using a unique negative pressure wound therapy system that delivers vacuum-assisted wound closure with a simultaneous irrigation feature (Svedman Wound Treatment System). METHODS: A prospective single center study was conducted in adults with @entity4 >= cm(2) or more in size showing no signs of @entity3 , and having adequate blood flow. @entity0 received dressing changes and irrigation on a standard regimen with weekly wound assessments for a minimum of 6 weeks. RESULTS: 11 @entity0 and 8 @entity0 with a mean wound size of 2.4 cm   2.2 cm were treated with the device. A total of 14 of /19 (74%) @entity0 healed completely, with a median healing time of 34 days (range, 9-114). Eleven of 19 @entity0 (58%) healed within the 6-week evaluation period. For the 5 @entity0 who did not heal completely with the device, other treatments were utilized, including further wound debridement, muscle flaps, and skin grafting procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Negative pressure wound therapy with integrated irrigation was well tolerated by the @entity0 without complications related to the device application or irrigation feature. The data clearly suggests that this technology may be a promising alternative for the chronic nonhealing @entity1 wound.

title: A prospective study of negative pressure wound therapy with integrated irrigation for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Background     @entity7 is a complex issue encompassing a wide variety of diagnoses, many of which are caused or affected by adhesions. Objectives     The study intended to examine the rates of successful treatment of @entity3 @entity0 using a protocol of manual physical therapy to address underlying adhesive disease leading to @entity3 . Methods     The research team designed a retrospective chart review. Setting     The study took place in a private physical therapy clinic. @entity0     @entity0 were 1392 female @entity0 who were treated at the clinic between the years of 2002 and 2011. They had varying diagnoses of @entity3 , including occluded fallopian @entity4 , and @entity1 , and some @entity0 were undergoing @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Intervention     All @entity0 underwent whole-body, @entity0 -centered treatments that used a protocol of manual physical therapy, which focused on restoring mobility and motility to structures affecting reproductive function. Outcome Measures     Improvements demonstrated in the condition(s) causing @entity3 were measured by improvements in tubal patency and/or improved hormone levels or by pregnancy. Results     The results included a 60.85% rate of @entity6 , with a 56.64% rate of pregnancy in those @entity0 . @entity0 with @entity1 experienced a 42.81% pregnancy rate. The success rate was 49.18% for lowering elevated levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), with a 39.34% pregnancy rate in that group, and 53.57% of the @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) achieved pregnancy. The reported pregnancy rate for @entity0 who underwent @entity2 after the therapy was 56.16%. The results also suggested that the treatment was effective for @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Conclusion     The manual physical therapy represented an effective, conservative treatment for @entity0 diagnosed as @entity3 due to mechanical causes, independent of the specific etiology.

title: Ten-year Retrospective Study on the Efficacy of a Manual Physical Therapy to Treat XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of @entity0 with @entity1 at a single institution for 20 years and to compare the results according to the chemotherapy protocols. METHODS: From Jan 1988 to Nov 2008, 167 @entity0 with @entity2 were treated at our hospital and among them, 117 @entity0 (67 males and 50 females) with @entity1 were evaluable. Their mean age was 22.6 years (range, 8 months to 71 years). Seventy-eight cases underwent the modified T10 (M-T10) protocol (group 1), 23 cases underwent the T20 protocol (group 2) and 16 cases underwent the @entity4 protocol (group 3). The DFS and @entity3 were calculated and compared according to the chemotherapy protocols. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 78.9 months, 63 @entity0 were continuously disease-free (63/117), 6 @entity0 were alive after having metastatic lesions, 7 @entity0 died of other cause and 41 @entity0 died of their disease. The 5- and 10-year @entity3 rates were 60.2% and 44.8%, respectively and the 5- and 10-year DFS rates were 53.5% and 41.4%, respectively. There was no significant difference of the @entity3 and DFS between the chemotherapy protocols (p = 0.692, p = 0.113). CONCLUSIONS: At present, we achieved success rates close to the internationally accepted DFS and @entity3 . We were able to achieve the higher survival rates using the M-T10 protocol over the 20 years. However, there was no significant difference of results between the chemotherapy protocols. We think the M-T10 protocol will achieve more favorable results in the near future.

title: Long-term survivals of stage IIb XXXX : a 20-year experience in a single institution.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity1 after neck exploration may have a mediastinal parathyroid gland that has not been identified reliably with a single radiologic study. We report 17 @entity0 who underwent minimally invasive resection for mediastinal @entity2 after confirmatory multipoint radiologic imaging. METHODS: Fifteen @entity0 underwent thoracoscopic procedures and 2 @entity0 underwent mediastinoscopic procedures for resection of suspected mediastinal @entity2 . Preoperative localizing studies included sestamibi scan, computed tomography scan of the neck and chest, and selective venous sampling of parathyroid hormone levels. Once a mediastinal location was determined, thoracoscopic or mediastinoscopic resection was performed. Successful removal of parathyroid tissue was confirmed with a 50% or greater reduction in intraoperative parathyroid hormone levels. RESULTS: @entity2 was resected in 88% of @entity0 after the operation. The cure rate was 100% in @entity0 with two or more concordant studies locating parathyroid tissue in the mediastinum and 60% in those with one positive study. The thoracostomy tube was removed on median postoperative day 1 (range, 0 to 2 days). Median hospital stay was 3 days (range, 2 to 7 days). The most common complication was @entity3 , which occurred in 18% of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is an effective treatment of @entity1 caused by mediastinal parathyroid tissue. Targeted exploration depends on the guidance of preoperative localization studies and measurement of intraoperative parathyroid hormone levels to verify successful resection. Selective venous sampling and high-resolution computed tomography scanning can be helpful in @entity0 with negative sestamibi scans.

title: Optimizing the minimally invasive approach to mediastinal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: There is considerable variability in the susceptibility of individuals to the adverse effects of chronic stress. In @entity0 and other mammals, individual traits such as high @entity2 are proposed as a vulnerability factor for the development of @entity1 . In the present study, we tested whether a similar behavioural trait in birds, higher emotional reactivity, also favours the occurrence of chronic stress-related behavioural and physiological dysfunction. For this, lines of @entity4 divergently selected for a typical fear response in birds, the duration of tonic immobility, were subjected to unpredictable aversive stimulation over 2 weeks. Previous studies demonstrate that the selection program modifies the general underlying emotionality of the birds rather than exerting its effect only on tonic immobility. Interestingly, only birds selected for their higher emotionality exhibited significantly enhanced latency to first step and decreased locomotor activity in the open-field test after exposure to chronic stress compared to non-stressed control birds. This effect of chronic stress was selective for the tested dimension of bird emotional reactivity because there was no observed effect on the tonic immobility response. Moreover, chronically stressed birds selected for their higher emotionality exhibited significantly decreased basal @entity3 levels, a physiological marker of stress. These findings show that chronic stress is associated with changes in emotional reactivity and related physiological markers in birds. They also highlight emotional reactivity as an important predisposing factor for the occurrence of the adverse effects of chronic stress in birds.

title: Higher inherent fearfulness potentiates the effects of chronic stress in the XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 are key outcomes of surgical procedures, but currently there is no uniform quantitative measure of complication severity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and establish feasibility of quantitative morbidity scores for several common abdominal surgical procedures. STUDY DESIGN: Using American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data, complications were identified in 5 common abdominal procedures for one institution in 2005-2008, including @entity1 , appendectomy, laparoscopic colectomy, hepatectomy, and pancreaticoduodenectomy. Complications were graded by the 6-level "expanded" Accordion Severity Grading System. Quantification was performed using severity scores described previously. RESULTS: Six hundred and seventy-six procedures were identified, including 88 @entity0 (13.84%) who had complications and 5 @entity0 (0.79%) who died. After severity weighting, the postoperative morbidity index (PMI) for each procedure was derived. An index of 0 would indicate no complication in any @entity0 and an index of 1.000 would indicate that all operated @entity0 died. PMIs were hernia repair 0.005; appendectomy 0.031; laparoscopic colectomy 0.082; hepatectomy 0.145; and pancreaticoduodenectomy 0.150. PMI of hepatectomy was greatly affected by the presence of a second procedure, ie, 0.070 without a second procedure and 0.427 with a second procedure. Weighted severity spectragrams were developed, portraying the impact of each grade of complication on overall morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Quantification of severity of @entity2 is possible using American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program methods and the Accordion Severity Grading System. Procedural PMI can be useful in assessing surgical outcomes. Certain limitations, particularly the need for risk adjustment, still need to be addressed.

title: Postoperative morbidity index: a quantitative measure of severity of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to establish the feasibility of the management of recurrent @entity1 by robot-assisted laparoscopy, and particularly the feasibility of robot-assisted laparoscopy anterior pelvic exenteration, from a single center series of seven @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: From February 2007 to April 2010, all @entity0 cared for recurrent @entity1 have been included (n=7). Five @entity0 have been cared for a cervical @entity1 , one @entity0 for recurrent VAIN 3, and one @entity0 for @entity5 of the vaginal vault after hysterectomy for @entity7 in situ. All @entity0 were benefited from robot-assisted laparoscopy: two had surgery such as anterior pelvic exenteration with Miami Pouch urinary reconstruction, and five had colpectomy with or without lymph node removal, including one with vaginal preparation first before vaginal cuff resection. Data were collected prospectively identifying treatment history, intraoperative data, immediate outcomes, pathological findings, and long-term outcomes. RESULTS: From February 2007 to April 2010, 195 @entity0 underwent robot-assisted laparoscopy at the Institut Paoli-Calmettes. Among them, seven @entity0 had pelvic @entity1 . The median age was 53 years (44 to 67). The median BMI was 25 (19.7 to 35.3). The median Karnofsky index was 100 (80-100). The median operative time was 210 min (90 to 300) for colpectomy, 480 min for pelvectomy, 240 min (90-480) for the serie. The mean duration of the installation of the robot, all procedures combined, is estimated at 22.5 min (  4.8 min). There was no conversion to laparotomy, the median @entity3 was 340 ml (100 to 800). One @entity0 was transfused with two red blood cells. There was a surgical complication (wound of the inferior mesenteric artery). There were no early @entity4 and the median hospital stay was 6 days (3-24). There was a late @entity4 : a @entity0 who underwent anterior pelvic exenteration had @entity2 , with scarring requiring led by the VAC system. On pathological findings, the average number of nodes removed in the pelvic was 8.5 (  2) on the left, and 4 (  1.4) on the right. Three @entity0 had involved margins; it was an anterior pelvic exenteration and two colpectomy. There was no hospital mortality, neither post-operative mortality at D30 and D90. After a median follow up of 22 months (9-34), the recurrence rate was 71% (5 @entity0 out of 7), and one @entity0 died 10 months after the intervention of a @entity6 . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The surgical management of recurrent cervical @entity1 by laparoscopy-assisted robot is feasible for selected indications, and could be proposed as an alternative to laparotomy. Monitoring data in this series raise the question of the validity of conservative treatment in cases of recurrent @entity1 . The possibilities in terms of urinary and vaginal reconstruction remain to be defined. The impact of this surgical approach on oncological data must be confirmed.

title: [Robot-assisted laparoscopy in the management of recurrent XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The utility of sphenoidal electrodes (SPh) in analyzing @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and ictal electrography remains controversial, despite its widespread use. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-two consecutive @entity0 with presumed @entity4 ( @entity4 ) who underwent presurgical evaluation were prospectively studied. SPh and Silverman's electrodes were placed, in addition to routine electrodes in 10-20 international system. @entity2 and ictal electroencephalography (EEG) were analyzed separately in bipolar and referential montages. The proportion of @entity0 selected for surgery after adjusting for SPh placement based on the earlier ictal onset and @entity2 were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 8701 @entity2 in SPh, only 65% were seen over the scalp @entity1 ; 1392 (16%) @entity2 were confined to SPh electrodes, and were not seen at scalp @entity1 (p<0.001). Spike amplitudes were highest at SPh (p<0.001). Of the 592 @entity3 analyzed, 62 (61%) had simultaneous SPh and scalp onset, while in 26 (25%) SPh onset preceded the scalp. CONCLUSIONS: Out of the 35 @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with additional neocortical changes and/or non-lateralized bitemporal @entity2 and/or diffuse ictal onset (group 1), 27 were selected for surgery (77%). About 7% was selected for surgery in this group by SPh placement. Also, in @entity0 with bilateral @entity5 (group 2), 25% (5/20) were chosen for anterior temporal lobectomy, SPh provided an additional benefit in 11% (p<0.001). @entity0 with normal magnetic resonance imaging (group 3) and @entity6 (group 4) had a lower surgical yield, only 12% and 9.5% could undergo surgery. They were denied surgical candidacy with SPh (p<0.001). SIGNIFICANCE: One-third of @entity0 after SPh placement were selected for resective surgery obviating the need for invasive monitoring. The maximum yield was noted in unilateral @entity5 (associated with additional neocortical features or non-lateralized bilateral temporal interictal @entity2 or diffuse ictal onset in scalp EEG) and in bilateral @entity5 . Those with normal MRI/ @entity6 could be excluded from direct resective surgery.

title: Do sphenoidal electrodes aid in surgical decision making in drug resistant XXXX ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of @entity1 needs effective approaches for @entity2 in primary care and community settings. We compared @entity2 with standard treatment in primary care with that achieved after referral by the primary care team to a commercial provider in the community. METHODS: In this parallel group, non-blinded, randomised controlled trial, 772 overweight and @entity1 adults were recruited by primary care practices in Australia, Germany, and the UK. @entity0 were randomly assigned with a computer-generated simple randomisation sequence to receive either 12 months of standard care as defined by national treatment guidelines, or 12 months of free membership to a commercial programme (Weight Watchers), and followed up for 12 months. The primary outcome was weight change over 12 months. Analysis was by intention to treat (last observation carried forward [LOCF] and baseline observation carried forward [BOCF]) and in the population who completed the 12-month assessment. This trial is registered, number ISRCTN85485463. FINDINGS: 377 @entity0 were assigned to the commercial programme, of whom 230 (61%) completed the 12-month assessment; and 395 were assigned to standard care, of whom 214 (54%) completed the 12-month assessment. In all analyses, @entity0 in the commercial programme group lost twice as much weight as did those in the standard care group. Mean weight change at 12 months was -5  06 kg (SE 0  31) for those in the commercial programme versus -2  25 kg (0  21) for those receiving standard care (adjusted difference -2  77 kg, 95% CI -3  50 to -2  03) with LOCF; -4  06 kg (0  31) versus -1  77 kg (0  19; adjusted difference -2  29 kg, -2  99 to -1  58) with BOCF; and -6  65 kg (0  43) versus -3  26 kg (0  33; adjusted difference -3  16 kg, -4  23 to -2  11) for those who completed the 12-month assessment. @entity0 reported no adverse events related to trial participation. INTERPRETATION: Referral by a primary health-care professional to a commercial @entity2 programme that provides regular weighing, advice about diet and physical activity, motivation, and group support can offer a clinically useful early intervention for weight management in overweight and @entity1 @entity0 that can be delivered at large scale. FUNDING: Weight Watchers International, through a grant to the UK Medical Research Council.

title: Primary care referral to a commercial provider for XXXX treatment versus standard care: a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 during the earliest stages of life may result in innumerable brain problems. Moreover, this condition could increase the chances of developing @entity0 , such as @entity3 . We analyzed the effects of early-life @entity6 on susceptibility to @entity3 induced by the @entity5 model of @entity3 . @entity1 @entity1 pups were kept on a starvation regimen from day 1 to day 21 after birth. At day 60, 16 animals (8 = well-nourished; 8 = malnourished) were exposed to the @entity5 experimental model of @entity3 . Age-matched well-nourished (n = 8) and malnourished (n = 8) @entity1 were used as controls. Animals were video-monitored over 9 weeks. The following behavioral parameters were evaluated: first @entity4 threshold (acute period of the @entity5 model); @entity2 ( @entity2 ) latency; first spontaneous @entity4 latency (silent period), and spontaneous @entity4 frequency during the chronic phase. The cell and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) density were evaluated in the hippocampal formation. Our results showed that the malnourished animals required a lower @entity5 dose in order to develop @entity2 (200 mg/kg), lower latency to reach @entity2 , less time for the first spontaneous @entity4 and higher @entity4 frequency, when compared to well-nourished @entity5 @entity1 . Histopathological findings revealed a significant cell density reduction in the CA1 region and intense @entity7 among the malnourished animals. Our data indicate that early @entity6 greatly influences susceptibility to @entity4 and behavioral manifestations in adult life. These findings suggest that @entity6 in infancy reduces the threshold for @entity3 and promotes alterations in the brain that persist into adult life.

title: XXXX in infancy as a susceptibility factor for temporal lobe epilepsy in adulthood induced by the @entity5 experimental model.

answer: @entity6