abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of surgical management of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity1 are often compared to published benchmark data which reflect the use of a variety of surgical and hybrid protocols. We report encouraging results achieved in an emerging program, despite a learning curve at all care levels. Rather than relying on a single preferred protocol, surgical management was based on matching surgical strategy to individual @entity0 factors. METHODS: From 2010 to 2014, a total of 47 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 or @entity1 with ductal-dependent systemic circulation underwent initial surgical palliation, including 30 Norwood stage I, 8 hybrid stage I, and 9 salvage-to-Norwood procedures. True hybrid procedures entailed bilateral pulmonary artery banding and ductal stenting. In the salvage-to-Norwood strategy, ductal stenting was withheld in favor of continued @entity6 infusion in anticipation of a deferred Norwood procedure. Cardiac comorbidities (obstructed @entity4 , poor ventricular function, and @entity2 ) and noncardiac comorbidities influenced the choice of treatment strategies and were analyzed as potential risk factors for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support or in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Overall hospital survival was 81% (Norwood 83.3%, hybrid 88%, "salvage" 67%; P = .4942). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was used for eight (17%) @entity0 with two survivors. For cases with obstructed @entity4 (n = 10, 21%), management choices favored a hybrid or salvage strategy (P = .0026). @entity5 (n = 22, 47%) was treated by a Norwood or salvage-to-Norwood. No cardiac, noncardiac, or genetic comorbidities were identified as independent risk factors for ECMO or discharge mortality in a multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our emerging program achieved outcomes that compare favorably to published benchmark data with respect to hospital survival. These results reflect rigorous interdisciplinary teamwork and a flexible approach to surgical palliation based on matching surgical strategy to @entity0 factors. With major associated cardiac/noncardiac comorbidity and antegrade coronary flow, a true hybrid with ductal stenting was our preferred strategy. For high-risk situations such as @entity7 , the salvage hybrid-bridge-to-Norwood strategy may help achieve survival albeit with increased resource utilization.

title: Achieving Benchmark Results for Neonatal Palliation of XXXX and @entity1 in an Emerging Program.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of surgical management of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity1 are often compared to published benchmark data which reflect the use of a variety of surgical and hybrid protocols. We report encouraging results achieved in an emerging program, despite a learning curve at all care levels. Rather than relying on a single preferred protocol, surgical management was based on matching surgical strategy to individual @entity0 factors. METHODS: From 2010 to 2014, a total of 47 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 or @entity1 with ductal-dependent systemic circulation underwent initial surgical palliation, including 30 Norwood stage I, 8 hybrid stage I, and 9 salvage-to-Norwood procedures. True hybrid procedures entailed bilateral pulmonary artery banding and ductal stenting. In the salvage-to-Norwood strategy, ductal stenting was withheld in favor of continued @entity6 infusion in anticipation of a deferred Norwood procedure. Cardiac comorbidities (obstructed @entity4 , poor ventricular function, and @entity2 ) and noncardiac comorbidities influenced the choice of treatment strategies and were analyzed as potential risk factors for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support or in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Overall hospital survival was 81% (Norwood 83.3%, hybrid 88%, "salvage" 67%; P = .4942). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was used for eight (17%) @entity0 with two survivors. For cases with obstructed @entity4 (n = 10, 21%), management choices favored a hybrid or salvage strategy (P = .0026). @entity5 (n = 22, 47%) was treated by a Norwood or salvage-to-Norwood. No cardiac, noncardiac, or genetic comorbidities were identified as independent risk factors for ECMO or discharge mortality in a multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our emerging program achieved outcomes that compare favorably to published benchmark data with respect to hospital survival. These results reflect rigorous interdisciplinary teamwork and a flexible approach to surgical palliation based on matching surgical strategy to @entity0 factors. With major associated cardiac/noncardiac comorbidity and antegrade coronary flow, a true hybrid with ductal stenting was our preferred strategy. For high-risk situations such as @entity7 , the salvage hybrid-bridge-to-Norwood strategy may help achieve survival albeit with increased resource utilization.

title: Achieving Benchmark Results for Neonatal Palliation of @entity3 and XXXX in an Emerging Program.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity1 for @entity2 on voice production. METHODS: Retrospective review of 10 female @entity0 with @entity2 undergoing @entity1 . Voice outcomes were evaluated by comparing pre- and posttreatment @entity0 -reported, perceptual, aerodynamic, and acoustic parameters. Complete data sets were not available for all subjects; sample size for each parameter is reported with the corresponding result. RESULTS: Total Voice Handicap Index (VHI) decreased significantly (22.9    13.5 to 6.8    6.5; n = 8; p = .015), as did glottal function index (7.2    4.9 to 1.5    2.0; n = 6; p = .022). No changes were observed in the GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain) scale. Changes in aerodynamic parameters were not statistically significant. Percent jitter decreased (1.32    1.37 to 0.60    0.29; n = 7; P = .078), and fundamental frequency range was preserved (507    325 to 612    281; n = 7; P = .309). CONCLUSIONS: Our sample of @entity0 with @entity2 had a mild-moderate @entity3 that improved with @entity1 . Importantly, adverse effects on voice that can occur with open procedures were not observed. @entity0 perception of @entity3 improved while fundamental frequency range was maintained and aerodynamic parameters remained within or moved toward the normal range. Larger prospective studies are warranted to further evaluate changes in voice production associated with @entity1 .

title: Effects of @entity1 for XXXX on Voice Production.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity1 for @entity2 on voice production. METHODS: Retrospective review of 10 female @entity0 with @entity2 undergoing @entity1 . Voice outcomes were evaluated by comparing pre- and posttreatment @entity0 -reported, perceptual, aerodynamic, and acoustic parameters. Complete data sets were not available for all subjects; sample size for each parameter is reported with the corresponding result. RESULTS: Total Voice Handicap Index (VHI) decreased significantly (22.9    13.5 to 6.8    6.5; n = 8; p = .015), as did glottal function index (7.2    4.9 to 1.5    2.0; n = 6; p = .022). No changes were observed in the GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain) scale. Changes in aerodynamic parameters were not statistically significant. Percent jitter decreased (1.32    1.37 to 0.60    0.29; n = 7; P = .078), and fundamental frequency range was preserved (507    325 to 612    281; n = 7; P = .309). CONCLUSIONS: Our sample of @entity0 with @entity2 had a mild-moderate @entity3 that improved with @entity1 . Importantly, adverse effects on voice that can occur with open procedures were not observed. @entity0 perception of @entity3 improved while fundamental frequency range was maintained and aerodynamic parameters remained within or moved toward the normal range. Larger prospective studies are warranted to further evaluate changes in voice production associated with @entity1 .

title: Effects of XXXX for @entity2 on Voice Production.

answer: @entity1


abstract: After onset of @entity3 diabetics were randomized to subcutaneous insulin pump treatment (CSII) (age 12 to 29 years, mean: 21 years) and 7 diabetics to conventional insulin treatment (CI) (age 14 to 28 years, mean: 21 years). @entity4 , glycosylated serum proteins and mean blood @entity2 ( @entity5 ) as parameters of metabolic control were determined monthly. After 2 months both groups showed @entity4 values in the normal range. Mean @entity5 values were (mean +/- SD) 116 +/- 7 mg/dl for CSII and 118 +/- 14 mg/dl for CI. Residual insulin secretion was determined monthly by fasting C-peptide. After 14 days, 5, 7, 8 months fasting C-peptide values were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in CI. After one year fasting C-peptide was comparable in both groups (CSII and CI mean: 0.06 nmol/l). The administered insulin dose was comparable in both groups with a 55% reduction of insulin dose after 5 months in CSII (0.35 +/- 0.15 U/kg/24 h) and in CI after 7 months (0.31 +/- 0.28 U/kg/24 h). After 12 months of insulin therapy about 60% of the initial insulin dose was injected in both groups. 1 @entity0 on CSII (12 years) and 2 @entity0 on CI (15, 28 years) showed a complete remission (for 3-9 months) with no exogenous insulin and normal @entity4 values. 50% of the @entity0 had episodes where they did need less than 0.2 U/kg/24 h insulin to maintain optimal @entity1 control (3 CSII, 4 CI). During the first year of insulin treatment in @entity3 with CSII as well as with CI a comparable near normalisation of @entity1 control could be achieved.

title: Sustained normoglycemia and remission phase in newly diagnosed type I XXXX subjects. Comparison between continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and conventional therapy during a one year follow-up.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a major clinical problem associated with primary and metastatic @entity3 . Pleural effusions from an unknown primary are responsible for 7-15% of all @entity5 . Presence of @entity5 puts the @entity1 in advanced stage and renders the prognosis as poor. AIM: In this study we intend to find out the incidence of @entity5 , its aetiology and clinical course in @entity1 attending a tertiary care teaching hospital. RESULTS: A total of 308 @entity1 were included in this study. A majority of the @entity1 were in age group 50- 70 years (median age = 58.8 years; range 32- 85 yrs). Male to female ratio was 2.5:1. The major primary @entity3 were @entity2 (135), @entity4 (40), @entity0 (36), female genital tract (30) gastrointestinal (21), and others (8). In 38 cases primary remained unknown. The yields of pleural fluid cytology, blind pleural biopsy, CT/USG guided pleural biopsy and thoracoscopy were 60%, 49%, 76% and 91% respectively. Chemical pleurodesis yielded complete response in 80%, incomplete response in another 13% @entity1 . Only 136 (44%) cases could be followed up for minimum of 6 months. A majority of them (95, 69.85%) died. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity5 is a commonly misdiagnosed medical entity. @entity2 is the commonest cause. Despite all efforts, in about 15% of the cases, primary remains undiagnosed. Thoracoscopy/pleuroscopy is a cost effective measure for diagnosis. Chemical pleurodesis provides expected results but mortality remains high.

title: Clinico- pathological profile and course of XXXX in a tertiary care teaching hospital in western U.P. with special reference to @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a major clinical problem associated with primary and metastatic @entity3 . Pleural effusions from an unknown primary are responsible for 7-15% of all @entity5 . Presence of @entity5 puts the @entity1 in advanced stage and renders the prognosis as poor. AIM: In this study we intend to find out the incidence of @entity5 , its aetiology and clinical course in @entity1 attending a tertiary care teaching hospital. RESULTS: A total of 308 @entity1 were included in this study. A majority of the @entity1 were in age group 50- 70 years (median age = 58.8 years; range 32- 85 yrs). Male to female ratio was 2.5:1. The major primary @entity3 were @entity2 (135), @entity4 (40), @entity0 (36), female genital tract (30) gastrointestinal (21), and others (8). In 38 cases primary remained unknown. The yields of pleural fluid cytology, blind pleural biopsy, CT/USG guided pleural biopsy and thoracoscopy were 60%, 49%, 76% and 91% respectively. Chemical pleurodesis yielded complete response in 80%, incomplete response in another 13% @entity1 . Only 136 (44%) cases could be followed up for minimum of 6 months. A majority of them (95, 69.85%) died. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity5 is a commonly misdiagnosed medical entity. @entity2 is the commonest cause. Despite all efforts, in about 15% of the cases, primary remains undiagnosed. Thoracoscopy/pleuroscopy is a cost effective measure for diagnosis. Chemical pleurodesis provides expected results but mortality remains high.

title: Clinico- pathological profile and course of @entity5 in a tertiary care teaching hospital in western U.P. with special reference to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Efficacy of an ideal antimicrobial agent depends on its ability to eliminate microorganisms while causing minimal @entity1 to host cells. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of ethanolic and water extracts of Salvadora persica (SP) on proliferation and viability of @entity0 dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in-vitro study, the effects of seven concentrations of ethanolic and water extracts of SP (ranging from 5.75 mg/ml to 0.08 mg/ml) on hDPSCs were evaluated using the @entity2 assay. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Water extract of SP only had @entity1 effect at 5.75 mg/ml concentration; and caused significant cell proliferation at 1.43-0.08 mg/ml concentrations at 24 h (P < 0.05). At 48 h, only 0.17 and 0.08 mg/ml concentrations caused significant cell proliferation (P < 0.05). Ethanolic extract of SP at 5.75-1.43 mg/ml concentrations showed severe @entity1 effects at 24 and 48 h. Other concentrations had no significant effects on cells (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The highest concentrations of both water and ethanolic extracts of SP had @entity1 effects on hDPSCs. Water extract of SP has favorable effects on cell proliferation at specific concentrations in a time-dependent manner.

title: Effects of extracts of Salvadora persica on proliferation and viability of XXXX dental pulp stem cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 has been common, but mostly underdiagnosed electrolyte abnormality. Studies regarding this is lacking in India especially in rural setting. Here, we have correlated serum @entity6 ( @entity7 ) level with outcome in @entity0 of medicine Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with respect to length of ICU stay, need for mechanical ventilatory support and its duration and ultimate outcome (discharge/ @entity2 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective observational study carried out over a period of 1-year enrolling 601 @entity0 of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The Chi-square test is applied to correlate @entity5 with the outcome. RESULT AND OBSERVATION: About 25% @entity0 had admission @entity5 . When compared with the normal @entity7 group, there was significant association of @entity5 with outcome in terms of duration of @entity4 stay 5.46 (5.75) versus 3.93 (3.88), need for mechanical ventilation (56.86% vs. 24.33%), discharge/cured from ICU (61.43% vs. 85.26%), and @entity2 (38.56% vs. 14.73%). However, no significant difference was found in the duration of ventilation between the two groups. CONCLUSION: @entity5 is associated with a higher mortality rate in critically ill @entity0 . The need for ventilatory support, but not its duration is significantly higher in @entity8 @entity0 . @entity5 is commonly associated with @entity3 and @entity1 . The duration of @entity4 stay is significantly higher in @entity0 with low serum @entity7 .

title: Does XXXX matter in @entity0 of Medical Intensive Care Unit: A study in rural Central India.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 has been common, but mostly underdiagnosed electrolyte abnormality. Studies regarding this is lacking in India especially in rural setting. Here, we have correlated serum @entity6 ( @entity7 ) level with outcome in @entity0 of medicine Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with respect to length of ICU stay, need for mechanical ventilatory support and its duration and ultimate outcome (discharge/ @entity2 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective observational study carried out over a period of 1-year enrolling 601 @entity0 of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The Chi-square test is applied to correlate @entity5 with the outcome. RESULT AND OBSERVATION: About 25% @entity0 had admission @entity5 . When compared with the normal @entity7 group, there was significant association of @entity5 with outcome in terms of duration of @entity4 stay 5.46 (5.75) versus 3.93 (3.88), need for mechanical ventilation (56.86% vs. 24.33%), discharge/cured from ICU (61.43% vs. 85.26%), and @entity2 (38.56% vs. 14.73%). However, no significant difference was found in the duration of ventilation between the two groups. CONCLUSION: @entity5 is associated with a higher mortality rate in critically ill @entity0 . The need for ventilatory support, but not its duration is significantly higher in @entity8 @entity0 . @entity5 is commonly associated with @entity3 and @entity1 . The duration of @entity4 stay is significantly higher in @entity0 with low serum @entity7 .

title: Does @entity6 matter in XXXX of Medical Intensive Care Unit: A study in rural Central India.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This retrospective study aims to analyse our surgical procedures and our results after surgery of @entity1 (P.D.A.) in @entity0 . Since 1978 to 1992 we have reported Abidjan Cardiology Institute 145 @entity0 operated cases. The average age was 4.7 years, the average weight 16 kg. There was female predominance with a sex ratio of 2.3/1. All @entity1 had been confirmed by two dimensional echocardiography (2D echocardiography) and cardiac catheterization. Type 11a of NADAS' Classification was the most frequent (50%). Double or triple ligation supported on teflon felt was the most frequent technique used (86 times ie 59.3%). This technique gave good results in view of the absence of hospital mortality, only 4 cases of ductus "recanalization" supervened, a low rate of ductus arteriosus recurrence patency at long follow up of all @entity0 from one to 10 years (mean 5 years). Double or triple ligation on teflon felt according to Wright procedure seems to be a securising technique alternative in our countries.

title: Surgical treatment of @entity1 ( XXXX ). Analysis of 145 cases operated on in Abidjan (Cote D'Ivoire).

answer: @entity1


abstract: This retrospective study aims to analyse our surgical procedures and our results after surgery of @entity1 (P.D.A.) in @entity0 . Since 1978 to 1992 we have reported Abidjan Cardiology Institute 145 @entity0 operated cases. The average age was 4.7 years, the average weight 16 kg. There was female predominance with a sex ratio of 2.3/1. All @entity1 had been confirmed by two dimensional echocardiography (2D echocardiography) and cardiac catheterization. Type 11a of NADAS' Classification was the most frequent (50%). Double or triple ligation supported on teflon felt was the most frequent technique used (86 times ie 59.3%). This technique gave good results in view of the absence of hospital mortality, only 4 cases of ductus "recanalization" supervened, a low rate of ductus arteriosus recurrence patency at long follow up of all @entity0 from one to 10 years (mean 5 years). Double or triple ligation on teflon felt according to Wright procedure seems to be a securising technique alternative in our countries.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX ( @entity1 ). Analysis of 145 cases operated on in Abidjan (Cote D'Ivoire).

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 of the skin develop almost exclusively in the following clinical settings: (1) the @entity2 , secondary to prior mastectomy in most instances; (2) the face and scalp, usually in elderly individuals; and (3) skin that has been previously radiated. Microscopically, there is a spectrum of architectural patterns. The best differentiated @entity1 exhibit obvious vascular spaces, which are lined by variably atypical endothelial cells, and that characteristically dissect between fibers of the reticular dermis. With proliferation of the atypical endothelial calls, vasoformative features are less evident, and there is often a syncytium of cellular bands composed of fusiform or spindled cells or, less commonly, cords, nests, and nodules of distinctly epithelioid cells. Overgrowth of the cellular elements can create seemingly patternless sheets of @entity1 . The foregoing architectural spectrum may be displayed in its entirety within a single biopsy specimen, and a multifocal distribution within the dermis is characteristic. Cytologic pleomorphism and mitotic figures are often obvious, but both criteria of @entity1 may be essentially absent in the best differentiated fields. Ultrastructural observations consistently show differentiation toward endothelial cells and, in many cases, findings consistent with differentiation toward blood vessels. Both factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex europaeus lectin are reliable immunohistochemical markers. The outlook for @entity0 with @entity3 is poor, with a median survival of 20 months and a 5-year survival of 15%.

title: XXXX of the skin.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Overall results from worldwide clinical studies of @entity3 in open and comparative trials conducted over a four-year period in North America, Europe, and elsewhere are presented. Data from 3,570 @entity0 treated with @entity3 in open studies and from 1,340 @entity0 receiving @entity3 and 1,180 @entity0 receiving other antibiotics in comparative studies are discussed. The comparative antibiotics consisted of @entity1 alone in 14.2 percent of @entity0 , @entity1 combined with one or two @entity4 in 43 percent, @entity4 alone in 34 percent, and other antibiotic combinations in 8.8 percent. In comparative studies, bacterial clearance rates were 80.6 percent for @entity3 and 72.5 percent for other antibiotics. Clinically, 92.6 percent of the infected sites in @entity3 -treated @entity0 in open studies were cured or improved, and 91.1 percent were cured or improved in comparative studies; 84.8 percent of the infected sites were cured or improved in @entity0 treated with other antibiotics. Data indicate that @entity3 monotherapy is as effective as combination antibiotic therapy in the empiric treatment of febrile non- @entity2 @entity0 . The role of @entity3 monotherapy in the treatment of febrile @entity2 @entity0 is not yet firmly established. @entity5 were reported in 2.6 percent of the @entity0 treated with @entity3 alone in open trials, in 4.2 percent of the @entity0 treated with @entity3 alone in comparative trials, and in 8.5 percent of the @entity0 treated with other antibiotics. During treatment, the sensitivity of bacteria to @entity3 decreased in 2.5 percent of the pathogens isolated. Adverse events occurred in 10.2 percent of @entity0 treated with @entity3 in open studies, in 8.4 percent of those treated with @entity3 in comparative studies, and in 8.8 percent of those treated with other antibiotics. The adverse events in both @entity3 - and control-treated @entity0 were thought by the investigators to be drug-related in about 40 percent of cases, not drug-related in 20 percent of cases, and of unknown etiology in the remaining cases.

title: Aspects of clinical trials with XXXX worldwide.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The evidence regarding the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on health care resource use remains limited. This retrospective study evaluated the effects of PR on the primary outcome of all-cause hospitalizations and secondary outcomes of other health care use, exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and body weight in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in a large integrated health care system. METHODS: The PR cohort included 558 @entity0 with a @entity2 diagnosis, age >=  40 years, who were treated with a bronchodilator or @entity1 inhaler, participated in 1 of 13 PR programs between January 1, 2008, and August 1, 2013, and were continuously enrolled in the health plan >=  12 months prior to and after PR. Two non-PR control cohorts were assembled for comparison. Data were extracted from electronic health records. The 6-minute walk test and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire results were available for a subset. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity0 who were hospitalized 12 months post-PR was lower compared with the 12 months prior (37% vs 45%, P = .001) while emergency department use was not different (52% vs 54%). @entity0 who declined PR for logistical reasons had a 40% higher risk of hospitalization than PR @entity0 (relative risk = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.96-2.06, P = .08). There were significant improvements in the 6-minute walk test distance (+43 m) and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire total score (-9.6 points) but minimal changes in weight. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding that participation in PR is associated with reductions in hospitalizations corroborates previous studies. A notable strength of this study is the capture of complete utilization data.

title: Impact of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Hospitalizations for XXXX Among Members of an Integrated Health Care System.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Efficacy and safety of agalsidase alfa at 0.2 mg/kg weekly were compared with 0.2 mg/kg every other week (EOW). Exploratory analyses were performed for 0.4 mg/kg weekly. @entity0 AND METHODS: This was a 53-week, Phase III/IV, multicenter, open-label study (NCT01124643) in treatment-na  ve adults (>= 18 years) with @entity7 . Inclusion criteria were @entity9 at baseline, defined as left ventricular mass indexed to height >50 g/m(2.7) for males and >47 g/m(2.7) for females. Primary endpoint was reduction of left ventricular mass indexed to height as assessed by echocardiography. Secondary endpoints included cardiac (peak @entity2 consumption, 6-minute walk test, Minnesota Living with @entity5 Questionnaire, New York Heart Association classification), renal (Modification of Diet in @entity1 , estimated glomerular filtration rate), and biomarker (plasma @entity8 ) assessments. Safety endpoints were adverse events and anti-agalsidase alfa antibodies. RESULTS: Twenty @entity0 were randomized to 0.2 mg/kg EOW (mean age, 50.3 years; 70% male), 19 to 0.2 mg/kg weekly (51.8 years; 53% male), and 5 to 0.4 mg/kg weekly (49.4 years; 40% male). The mean change in left ventricular mass indexed to height by Week 53 in the 0.2-mg/kg EOW and weekly groups was 3.2 g/m(2.7) and 0.5 g/m(2.7), with no significant difference between groups. No clinically meaningful changes by Week 53 were found within or between the 0.2-mg/kg groups for peak @entity2 consumption, 6-minute walk test, or Minnesota Living with @entity5 Questionnaire. Two @entity0 in each group improved by >= 1 New York Heart Association classification. No significant differences were found between 0.2 mg/kg EOW and weekly for mean change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (-1.21 mL/ @entity6 .73 m(2) vs -3.32 mL/ @entity6 .73 m(2)) or plasma @entity8 (-1.05 nmol/mL vs -2.13 nmol/mL), respectively. Infusion-related adverse events were experienced by 25% and 21% in the 0.2-mg/kg EOW and weekly groups. @entity4 , fatigue, and @entity3 were experienced by two or more patients overall. Anti-agalsidase alfa antibodies were detected in 11.4% of @entity0 and neutralizing antibodies in 6.8%. Infusion-related reactions did not appear to be correlated with antibody status. CONCLUSION: No efficacy or safety differences were found when the approved EOW dosage of agalsidase alfa was increased to weekly administration. Exploratory analyses for 0.4 mg/kg weekly showed similar results.

title: Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of three dosing regimens of agalsidase alfa enzyme replacement therapy in adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of goserelin and orchiectomy in @entity0 with stage D2 @entity3 . METHODS: A randomized, open, multicenter study was conducted in 283 @entity0 . @entity0 were allocated to goserelin, 3.6 mg every 28 days or to orchiectomy. Study end points were endocrine response, objective response, time to treatment failure, survival, and tolerability. Objective response was based on modified criteria of the National @entity3 Project. RESULTS: Serum @entity2 decreased from baseline to castrate levels by week 4 in each group and remained below castrate levels thereafter. Acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations also decreased in each group. The goserelin and orchiectomy groups had similar results for objective response (82% versus 77%) and had similar medial times to treatment failure (52 versus 53 weeks) and survival (119 versus 136 weeks). No significant interactions between treatments and prognostic factors were observed. Adjusting for baseline @entity2 concentration had no effect on survival outcome. Race had no influence on outcome or efficacy end points. Common adverse events in both groups were @entity1 , hot flushes, and lower urinary tract symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Goserelin is well tolerated and as effective as orchiectomy in @entity0 with Stage D2 @entity3 .

title: Goserelin versus orchiectomy in the treatment of XXXX : final results of a randomized trial. Zoladex Prostate Study Group.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This paper reports on a novel immunoadjuvant activity of liposomes. An @entity3 subunit preparation, containing the isolated viral surface antigens, was incorporated in a liposomal formulation. Administration of this vaccine to @entity0 via the intranasal (i.n.) route resulted in a stimulated serum IgG response relative to the response to i.n. immunization with the antigen alone. In addition, the liposomal vaccine induced a secretory IgA (sIgA) response in the mucosa of the lungs and nasal cavity. Both serum IgG and sIgA responses persisted up to at least 21 weeks postimmunization. Immune stimulation was observed with negatively charged liposomes consisting of @entity5 (PC), @entity1 and @entity6 ( @entity4 ), but not with zwitterionic liposomes, consisting of PC and @entity1 alone. Remarkably, for stimulation of serum IgG responses and induction of an sIgA response, liposomes could be simply mixed with the antigen. Moreover, i.n. administration of empty liposomes up to 48 h prior to i.n. immunization with the subunit antigen also resulted in immune stimulation, indicating that the liposomes did not exert their adjuvant effect by acting as a carrier for the antigen. The liposomal vaccine conferred protection against @entity2 . It is concluded that liposomes, administered i.n., provide a promising adjuvant system for stimulation of antibody responses in general, and mucosal sIgA responses in particular.

title: Mucosal immunoadjuvant activity of liposomes: induction of systemic IgG and secretory IgA responses in @entity0 by intranasal immunization with an XXXX subunit vaccine and coadministered liposomes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This paper reports on a novel immunoadjuvant activity of liposomes. An @entity3 subunit preparation, containing the isolated viral surface antigens, was incorporated in a liposomal formulation. Administration of this vaccine to @entity0 via the intranasal (i.n.) route resulted in a stimulated serum IgG response relative to the response to i.n. immunization with the antigen alone. In addition, the liposomal vaccine induced a secretory IgA (sIgA) response in the mucosa of the lungs and nasal cavity. Both serum IgG and sIgA responses persisted up to at least 21 weeks postimmunization. Immune stimulation was observed with negatively charged liposomes consisting of @entity5 (PC), @entity1 and @entity6 ( @entity4 ), but not with zwitterionic liposomes, consisting of PC and @entity1 alone. Remarkably, for stimulation of serum IgG responses and induction of an sIgA response, liposomes could be simply mixed with the antigen. Moreover, i.n. administration of empty liposomes up to 48 h prior to i.n. immunization with the subunit antigen also resulted in immune stimulation, indicating that the liposomes did not exert their adjuvant effect by acting as a carrier for the antigen. The liposomal vaccine conferred protection against @entity2 . It is concluded that liposomes, administered i.n., provide a promising adjuvant system for stimulation of antibody responses in general, and mucosal sIgA responses in particular.

title: Mucosal immunoadjuvant activity of liposomes: induction of systemic IgG and secretory IgA responses in XXXX by intranasal immunization with an @entity3 subunit vaccine and coadministered liposomes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is the most common @entity5 associated with @entity7 with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). @entity10 is driven by neurohumoral activation, increased mechanical load, and cytokines associated with arterial @entity3 , @entity8 , @entity1 , and other comorbidities. Here we discuss the experimental and clinical evidence that links @entity10 to @entity2 and qualifies @entity10 as one diagnostic marker for HFpEF. Mechanisms leading to @entity2 in @entity10 are incompletely understood, but may include extracellular matrix changes, @entity6 , as well as altered cardiomyocyte mechano-elastical properties. Beating cardiomyocytes from HFpEF @entity0 have not yet been studied, but we and others have shown increased @entity4 turnover and impaired relaxation in cardiomyocytes from @entity9 hearts. @entity5 can lead to heterogeneity in regional myocardial contractile function, which contributes to @entity2 in HFpEF. In the clinical setting of @entity0 with compound comorbidities, @entity2 may occur independently of @entity10 . This may be one explanation why current approaches to reduce @entity10 have not been effective to improve symptoms and prognosis in HFpEF. Exercise training, on the other hand, in clinical trials improved exercise tolerance and diastolic function, but did not reduce @entity10 . Thus current clinical evidence does not support regression of @entity10 as a surrogate marker for (short-term) improvement of HFpEF.

title: Myocardial hypertrophy and its role in XXXX with preserved ejection fraction.

answer: @entity7


abstract: To assess the impact on progression-free survival of the use of the multiagent chemotherapy regimen of @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) as adjuvant treatment for @entity0 with @entity9 : 20 evaluable @entity0 who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for @entity9 received adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy with @entity6 1 mg/m2 days 1 and 4, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) 40 mg/m2 and @entity4 400 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity8 200 mg/m2 days 1 through 4 for a total of 9 monthly cycles or until recurrence of disease was documented. @entity0 were followed for a median of 65 months (range: 5-116 months). Myelotoxicity was monitored by weekly complete blood counts, @entity5 by monthly radionuclide angiography, and @entity7 by monthly physical examination. Survival and progression-free survival were calculated by the method of Kaplan and Meier (17). The Fisher exact test was employed to determine the significance of recurrence rates between histologic groups (18). These 20 @entity0 received 172 of a planned 180 cycles of chemotherapy. Dose reductions in response to myelotoxicity were necessitated in four cycles among three @entity0 . Mild @entity7 was observed in six @entity0 (30%) and moderate @entity7 in one @entity0 (5%). A decrease in cardiac ejection fraction of > 10% was observed in two @entity0 (10%). No deaths ascribable to complications arising from chemotherapy were observed. Seven @entity0 (35%) developed recurrence of disease. Recurrence rates for pure @entity2 and mixed @entity1 did not differ significantly (P = .65). Progression-free survival for the population at 2 years was 80% and at 5 years was 65%. This study describes the largest prospective trial of adjuvant combination chemotherapy for @entity0 with @entity9 reported to date. Adjuvant chemotherapy employing the combination of @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) failed to impact significantly on long-term survival in this group of @entity0 with @entity9 .

title: Impact on progression-free survival of adjuvant @entity4 , @entity6 , XXXX ( @entity3 ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) chemotherapy for @entity9 . A prospective trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: To assess the impact on progression-free survival of the use of the multiagent chemotherapy regimen of @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) as adjuvant treatment for @entity0 with @entity9 : 20 evaluable @entity0 who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for @entity9 received adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy with @entity6 1 mg/m2 days 1 and 4, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) 40 mg/m2 and @entity4 400 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity8 200 mg/m2 days 1 through 4 for a total of 9 monthly cycles or until recurrence of disease was documented. @entity0 were followed for a median of 65 months (range: 5-116 months). Myelotoxicity was monitored by weekly complete blood counts, @entity5 by monthly radionuclide angiography, and @entity7 by monthly physical examination. Survival and progression-free survival were calculated by the method of Kaplan and Meier (17). The Fisher exact test was employed to determine the significance of recurrence rates between histologic groups (18). These 20 @entity0 received 172 of a planned 180 cycles of chemotherapy. Dose reductions in response to myelotoxicity were necessitated in four cycles among three @entity0 . Mild @entity7 was observed in six @entity0 (30%) and moderate @entity7 in one @entity0 (5%). A decrease in cardiac ejection fraction of > 10% was observed in two @entity0 (10%). No deaths ascribable to complications arising from chemotherapy were observed. Seven @entity0 (35%) developed recurrence of disease. Recurrence rates for pure @entity2 and mixed @entity1 did not differ significantly (P = .65). Progression-free survival for the population at 2 years was 80% and at 5 years was 65%. This study describes the largest prospective trial of adjuvant combination chemotherapy for @entity0 with @entity9 reported to date. Adjuvant chemotherapy employing the combination of @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) failed to impact significantly on long-term survival in this group of @entity0 with @entity9 .

title: Impact on progression-free survival of adjuvant @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 ( XXXX ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) chemotherapy for @entity9 . A prospective trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: To assess the impact on progression-free survival of the use of the multiagent chemotherapy regimen of @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) as adjuvant treatment for @entity0 with @entity9 : 20 evaluable @entity0 who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for @entity9 received adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy with @entity6 1 mg/m2 days 1 and 4, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) 40 mg/m2 and @entity4 400 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity8 200 mg/m2 days 1 through 4 for a total of 9 monthly cycles or until recurrence of disease was documented. @entity0 were followed for a median of 65 months (range: 5-116 months). Myelotoxicity was monitored by weekly complete blood counts, @entity5 by monthly radionuclide angiography, and @entity7 by monthly physical examination. Survival and progression-free survival were calculated by the method of Kaplan and Meier (17). The Fisher exact test was employed to determine the significance of recurrence rates between histologic groups (18). These 20 @entity0 received 172 of a planned 180 cycles of chemotherapy. Dose reductions in response to myelotoxicity were necessitated in four cycles among three @entity0 . Mild @entity7 was observed in six @entity0 (30%) and moderate @entity7 in one @entity0 (5%). A decrease in cardiac ejection fraction of > 10% was observed in two @entity0 (10%). No deaths ascribable to complications arising from chemotherapy were observed. Seven @entity0 (35%) developed recurrence of disease. Recurrence rates for pure @entity2 and mixed @entity1 did not differ significantly (P = .65). Progression-free survival for the population at 2 years was 80% and at 5 years was 65%. This study describes the largest prospective trial of adjuvant combination chemotherapy for @entity0 with @entity9 reported to date. Adjuvant chemotherapy employing the combination of @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) failed to impact significantly on long-term survival in this group of @entity0 with @entity9 .

title: Impact on progression-free survival of adjuvant @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) chemotherapy for XXXX . A prospective trial.

answer: @entity9


abstract: To assess the impact on progression-free survival of the use of the multiagent chemotherapy regimen of @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) as adjuvant treatment for @entity0 with @entity9 : 20 evaluable @entity0 who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for @entity9 received adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy with @entity6 1 mg/m2 days 1 and 4, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) 40 mg/m2 and @entity4 400 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity8 200 mg/m2 days 1 through 4 for a total of 9 monthly cycles or until recurrence of disease was documented. @entity0 were followed for a median of 65 months (range: 5-116 months). Myelotoxicity was monitored by weekly complete blood counts, @entity5 by monthly radionuclide angiography, and @entity7 by monthly physical examination. Survival and progression-free survival were calculated by the method of Kaplan and Meier (17). The Fisher exact test was employed to determine the significance of recurrence rates between histologic groups (18). These 20 @entity0 received 172 of a planned 180 cycles of chemotherapy. Dose reductions in response to myelotoxicity were necessitated in four cycles among three @entity0 . Mild @entity7 was observed in six @entity0 (30%) and moderate @entity7 in one @entity0 (5%). A decrease in cardiac ejection fraction of > 10% was observed in two @entity0 (10%). No deaths ascribable to complications arising from chemotherapy were observed. Seven @entity0 (35%) developed recurrence of disease. Recurrence rates for pure @entity2 and mixed @entity1 did not differ significantly (P = .65). Progression-free survival for the population at 2 years was 80% and at 5 years was 65%. This study describes the largest prospective trial of adjuvant combination chemotherapy for @entity0 with @entity9 reported to date. Adjuvant chemotherapy employing the combination of @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) failed to impact significantly on long-term survival in this group of @entity0 with @entity9 .

title: Impact on progression-free survival of adjuvant @entity4 , XXXX , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) chemotherapy for @entity9 . A prospective trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: To assess the impact on progression-free survival of the use of the multiagent chemotherapy regimen of @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) as adjuvant treatment for @entity0 with @entity9 : 20 evaluable @entity0 who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for @entity9 received adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy with @entity6 1 mg/m2 days 1 and 4, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) 40 mg/m2 and @entity4 400 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity8 200 mg/m2 days 1 through 4 for a total of 9 monthly cycles or until recurrence of disease was documented. @entity0 were followed for a median of 65 months (range: 5-116 months). Myelotoxicity was monitored by weekly complete blood counts, @entity5 by monthly radionuclide angiography, and @entity7 by monthly physical examination. Survival and progression-free survival were calculated by the method of Kaplan and Meier (17). The Fisher exact test was employed to determine the significance of recurrence rates between histologic groups (18). These 20 @entity0 received 172 of a planned 180 cycles of chemotherapy. Dose reductions in response to myelotoxicity were necessitated in four cycles among three @entity0 . Mild @entity7 was observed in six @entity0 (30%) and moderate @entity7 in one @entity0 (5%). A decrease in cardiac ejection fraction of > 10% was observed in two @entity0 (10%). No deaths ascribable to complications arising from chemotherapy were observed. Seven @entity0 (35%) developed recurrence of disease. Recurrence rates for pure @entity2 and mixed @entity1 did not differ significantly (P = .65). Progression-free survival for the population at 2 years was 80% and at 5 years was 65%. This study describes the largest prospective trial of adjuvant combination chemotherapy for @entity0 with @entity9 reported to date. Adjuvant chemotherapy employing the combination of @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) failed to impact significantly on long-term survival in this group of @entity0 with @entity9 .

title: Impact on progression-free survival of adjuvant XXXX , @entity6 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) chemotherapy for @entity9 . A prospective trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: To assess the impact on progression-free survival of the use of the multiagent chemotherapy regimen of @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) as adjuvant treatment for @entity0 with @entity9 : 20 evaluable @entity0 who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for @entity9 received adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy with @entity6 1 mg/m2 days 1 and 4, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) 40 mg/m2 and @entity4 400 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity8 200 mg/m2 days 1 through 4 for a total of 9 monthly cycles or until recurrence of disease was documented. @entity0 were followed for a median of 65 months (range: 5-116 months). Myelotoxicity was monitored by weekly complete blood counts, @entity5 by monthly radionuclide angiography, and @entity7 by monthly physical examination. Survival and progression-free survival were calculated by the method of Kaplan and Meier (17). The Fisher exact test was employed to determine the significance of recurrence rates between histologic groups (18). These 20 @entity0 received 172 of a planned 180 cycles of chemotherapy. Dose reductions in response to myelotoxicity were necessitated in four cycles among three @entity0 . Mild @entity7 was observed in six @entity0 (30%) and moderate @entity7 in one @entity0 (5%). A decrease in cardiac ejection fraction of > 10% was observed in two @entity0 (10%). No deaths ascribable to complications arising from chemotherapy were observed. Seven @entity0 (35%) developed recurrence of disease. Recurrence rates for pure @entity2 and mixed @entity1 did not differ significantly (P = .65). Progression-free survival for the population at 2 years was 80% and at 5 years was 65%. This study describes the largest prospective trial of adjuvant combination chemotherapy for @entity0 with @entity9 reported to date. Adjuvant chemotherapy employing the combination of @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity8 (CYVADIC) failed to impact significantly on long-term survival in this group of @entity0 with @entity9 .

title: Impact on progression-free survival of adjuvant @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and XXXX (CYVADIC) chemotherapy for @entity9 . A prospective trial.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity3 -type @entity7 generally identifies @entity6 ( @entity6 ), some @entity0 are hospitalized for @entity6 without this symptom. Long-term mortality and morbidity after @entity6 presenting with alternative warning symptoms have not been examined previously. We therefore assessed the prognostic implications of the absence of typical @entity7 as well as other recognized risk predictors in @entity0 hospitalized with @entity6 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Data were obtained during the Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial. @entity4 status and other baseline characteristics were determined prospectively by study coordinators according to simple, prespecified criteria. @entity0 were then examined every 3 to 4 months until trial completion. We applied chi-square methods, life-table analysis, and multivariate analysis to assess the strength and independence of prognostic power associated with each baseline variable. RESULTS: Of 2,464 @entity0 enrolled 3 to 15 days after enzyme-documented @entity6 , 115 @entity0 lacked typical @entity3 -type chest in on presentation (the "nonpainful" group). After 25 months' mean follow-up, cardiac mortality was 20% for nonpainful @entity0 and 10% for 2,349 @entity0 with typical @entity4 (the "painful" group), P < 0.001. Similar increments were seen in total @entity5 (27% nonpainful versus 13% painful, P < 0.001) and cardiac events, namely, @entity5 or nonfatal reinfarction (24% nonpainful versus 17% painful, P = 0.001). Late @entity8 was more frequent (17% nonpainful versus 7% painful, P < 0.001), but unstable @entity9 was less (6% nonpainful versus 16% painful, P = 0.005). At outset, nonpainful @entity0 had more @entity10 and @entity1 . However, nonpainful @entity6 predicted worse outcome even when these problems were absent. Logistic regression confirmed greater @entity5 risk in the nonpainful group (hazard ratio = 2.05) and showed that predictive power of nonpainful status was independent of baseline ejection fraction, Holter data, concomitant @entity1 , and other covariates. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 hospitalized with nonpainful @entity6 are much more likely to experience late @entity5 or @entity8 than are @entity0 with painful @entity6 . In part, this probably reflects more @entity2 with alternative warning symptoms such as @entity11 . However, our data suggest that defective perception of warning @entity4 also provides a long-term risk to life that is independent of previously known predictors of poor outcome.

title: Prognosis after hospitalization for @entity6 not accompanied by typical XXXX @entity7 . The Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial Research Group.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity3 -type @entity7 generally identifies @entity6 ( @entity6 ), some @entity0 are hospitalized for @entity6 without this symptom. Long-term mortality and morbidity after @entity6 presenting with alternative warning symptoms have not been examined previously. We therefore assessed the prognostic implications of the absence of typical @entity7 as well as other recognized risk predictors in @entity0 hospitalized with @entity6 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Data were obtained during the Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial. @entity4 status and other baseline characteristics were determined prospectively by study coordinators according to simple, prespecified criteria. @entity0 were then examined every 3 to 4 months until trial completion. We applied chi-square methods, life-table analysis, and multivariate analysis to assess the strength and independence of prognostic power associated with each baseline variable. RESULTS: Of 2,464 @entity0 enrolled 3 to 15 days after enzyme-documented @entity6 , 115 @entity0 lacked typical @entity3 -type chest in on presentation (the "nonpainful" group). After 25 months' mean follow-up, cardiac mortality was 20% for nonpainful @entity0 and 10% for 2,349 @entity0 with typical @entity4 (the "painful" group), P < 0.001. Similar increments were seen in total @entity5 (27% nonpainful versus 13% painful, P < 0.001) and cardiac events, namely, @entity5 or nonfatal reinfarction (24% nonpainful versus 17% painful, P = 0.001). Late @entity8 was more frequent (17% nonpainful versus 7% painful, P < 0.001), but unstable @entity9 was less (6% nonpainful versus 16% painful, P = 0.005). At outset, nonpainful @entity0 had more @entity10 and @entity1 . However, nonpainful @entity6 predicted worse outcome even when these problems were absent. Logistic regression confirmed greater @entity5 risk in the nonpainful group (hazard ratio = 2.05) and showed that predictive power of nonpainful status was independent of baseline ejection fraction, Holter data, concomitant @entity1 , and other covariates. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 hospitalized with nonpainful @entity6 are much more likely to experience late @entity5 or @entity8 than are @entity0 with painful @entity6 . In part, this probably reflects more @entity2 with alternative warning symptoms such as @entity11 . However, our data suggest that defective perception of warning @entity4 also provides a long-term risk to life that is independent of previously known predictors of poor outcome.

title: Prognosis after hospitalization for @entity6 not accompanied by typical @entity3 XXXX . The Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial Research Group.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity3 -type @entity7 generally identifies @entity6 ( @entity6 ), some @entity0 are hospitalized for @entity6 without this symptom. Long-term mortality and morbidity after @entity6 presenting with alternative warning symptoms have not been examined previously. We therefore assessed the prognostic implications of the absence of typical @entity7 as well as other recognized risk predictors in @entity0 hospitalized with @entity6 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Data were obtained during the Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial. @entity4 status and other baseline characteristics were determined prospectively by study coordinators according to simple, prespecified criteria. @entity0 were then examined every 3 to 4 months until trial completion. We applied chi-square methods, life-table analysis, and multivariate analysis to assess the strength and independence of prognostic power associated with each baseline variable. RESULTS: Of 2,464 @entity0 enrolled 3 to 15 days after enzyme-documented @entity6 , 115 @entity0 lacked typical @entity3 -type chest in on presentation (the "nonpainful" group). After 25 months' mean follow-up, cardiac mortality was 20% for nonpainful @entity0 and 10% for 2,349 @entity0 with typical @entity4 (the "painful" group), P < 0.001. Similar increments were seen in total @entity5 (27% nonpainful versus 13% painful, P < 0.001) and cardiac events, namely, @entity5 or nonfatal reinfarction (24% nonpainful versus 17% painful, P = 0.001). Late @entity8 was more frequent (17% nonpainful versus 7% painful, P < 0.001), but unstable @entity9 was less (6% nonpainful versus 16% painful, P = 0.005). At outset, nonpainful @entity0 had more @entity10 and @entity1 . However, nonpainful @entity6 predicted worse outcome even when these problems were absent. Logistic regression confirmed greater @entity5 risk in the nonpainful group (hazard ratio = 2.05) and showed that predictive power of nonpainful status was independent of baseline ejection fraction, Holter data, concomitant @entity1 , and other covariates. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 hospitalized with nonpainful @entity6 are much more likely to experience late @entity5 or @entity8 than are @entity0 with painful @entity6 . In part, this probably reflects more @entity2 with alternative warning symptoms such as @entity11 . However, our data suggest that defective perception of warning @entity4 also provides a long-term risk to life that is independent of previously known predictors of poor outcome.

title: Prognosis after hospitalization for XXXX not accompanied by typical @entity3 @entity7 . The Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial Research Group.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The nature of astrocytic cells in @entity2 @entity1 induced by @entity4 ( @entity5 ) was studied by means of immunohistochemically demonstrating @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity7 and beta-subunit of S 100 protein ( @entity8 ) on paraffin sections. A special attention was paid to elucidating whether astrocytic cells would be neoplastic or not. The astrocytic cells in @entity0 were compared with astrocytes in normal @entity2 brains and reactive astrocytes around a stab wound for their morphology, distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics. @entity3 positive astrocytic cells in @entity0 were roughly divided into astrocytic cells and @entity6 cells that showed morphologically similar appearance to fibrous astrocytes and @entity6 reactive astrocytes around a stab wound respectively. A few multi-nucleated pleomorphic cells regarded as a kind of @entity6 cells were also noted in gross @entity0 . @entity3 positive cells were diffusely distributed in early neoplastic proliferations and microtumors, while in gross @entity0 they tended to be localized at the periphery. The @entity3 positive cells were scattered among negative cells of @entity0 , forming no @entity0 mass. These findings suggest that the @entity3 positive cells show no @entity0 , even though histopathologically they exhibit atypism or pleomorphism. The quantitative analysis of @entity3 positive cells in @entity0 indicated more than 8% in most @entity0 in the white matter, whereas less than 8% in @entity0 in the gray matter and approximately 5% in gross @entity0 . The predominance of @entity3 positive cells in the white matter was also observed in lesions induced by a stab wound.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The nature of immunohistochemically defined astrocytic cells in @entity2 XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The nature of astrocytic cells in @entity2 @entity1 induced by @entity4 ( @entity5 ) was studied by means of immunohistochemically demonstrating @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity7 and beta-subunit of S 100 protein ( @entity8 ) on paraffin sections. A special attention was paid to elucidating whether astrocytic cells would be neoplastic or not. The astrocytic cells in @entity0 were compared with astrocytes in normal @entity2 brains and reactive astrocytes around a stab wound for their morphology, distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics. @entity3 positive astrocytic cells in @entity0 were roughly divided into astrocytic cells and @entity6 cells that showed morphologically similar appearance to fibrous astrocytes and @entity6 reactive astrocytes around a stab wound respectively. A few multi-nucleated pleomorphic cells regarded as a kind of @entity6 cells were also noted in gross @entity0 . @entity3 positive cells were diffusely distributed in early neoplastic proliferations and microtumors, while in gross @entity0 they tended to be localized at the periphery. The @entity3 positive cells were scattered among negative cells of @entity0 , forming no @entity0 mass. These findings suggest that the @entity3 positive cells show no @entity0 , even though histopathologically they exhibit atypism or pleomorphism. The quantitative analysis of @entity3 positive cells in @entity0 indicated more than 8% in most @entity0 in the white matter, whereas less than 8% in @entity0 in the gray matter and approximately 5% in gross @entity0 . The predominance of @entity3 positive cells in the white matter was also observed in lesions induced by a stab wound.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The nature of immunohistochemically defined astrocytic cells in XXXX @entity1 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of antileukemic chemotherapy administered at diagnosis on the survival of @entity0 with @entity3 . DESIGN: Retrospective review of locally identified @entity0 and analysis of cases from the medical literature. @entity0 : The records of all @entity0 with @entity3 identified at three teaching hospitals in Toronto between 1980 and 1994 were reviewed. A MEDLINE search was done to identify all cases of @entity3 reported in the English-language medical literature. @entity0 with a previous known @entity1 were excluded. MEASUREMENTS: The effect of therapy on 1) the interval between diagnosis of @entity3 and diagnosis of @entity2 and 2) survival was determined. RESULTS: 7 local @entity0 and 83 published cases were identified, for a total of 90 evaluable @entity0 . For the entire group, the median time to the diagnosis of @entity2 was 9 months, and median survival was 22 months. Chemotherapy was administered to 49 @entity0 (54%) at diagnosis of @entity3 . Significantly fewer @entity0 treated with chemotherapy subsequently developed @entity2 (41% compared with 71%; P = 0.001). Survival was longer in @entity0 treated with chemotherapy (> 50% alive with a median follow-up of 25 months compared with a median survival of 13 months for those initially untreated; P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that neither local radiotherapy nor surgery had an effect on survival. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of antileukemic chemotherapy at diagnosis of @entity3 is associated with a significantly lower probability of developing @entity2 and with longer survival.

title: XXXX : the effect of early antileukemic therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report the surgical anatomy of the muscles of the urogenital diaphragm and the pattern of its vessels in the @entity2 and incontinent @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 11 @entity0 , 9 with unoperated classic exstrophy and 2 with incontinent @entity1 , who were >5 years old at presentation, were selected for the present study. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis was performed using a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner and an 8-channel coil. Computed tomography was performed for 5 @entity0 using a multidetector row helical computed tomography scanner. Angiograms of the vessels of the urogenital diaphragm were also obtained using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. RESULTS: A central perineal body was seen in all the @entity0 , with attachment of the bulbospongiosus anteriorly, superficial transverse perinei laterally, and anal sphincter posteriorly. At the root of corpora, the ischiocavernosus muscle was also seen. The triangle among the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, and superficial transverse perinei muscle was accentuated and contained the perineal artery, indirectly indicating the course of the perineal nerve. The dorsal penile artery was nearer to the posterior edge of the ischiopubic ramus, before coursing on the lateral aspect of the anterior segment of the corpora. The deep transverse perinei muscle and laid open external urethral sphincter were also seen in the proximal planes of the urogenital diaphragm. CONCLUSIONS: First, all the muscles of the urogenital diaphragm, including the external urethral sphincter, were present in the exstrophy bladder. Second, the perineal artery and its sphincteric branches were in the triangular space between the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, and superficial transverse perinei muscle. Finally, the dorsal penile artery ran along the inner edge of the ischiopubic ramus before lying on lateral aspect of the corpora.

title: Surgical anatomy of urogenital diaphragm and course of its vessels in exstrophy- XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the association between @entity4 and reversible @entity3 . DESIGN: A retrospective survey of 1) @entity0 enrolled in NIAID Mycoses Study Group (MSG) protocols involving the long-term use of @entity4 for treatment of endemic mycoses and 2) @entity0 treated with @entity4 outside of a protocol setting but by the MSG investigators who were MSG members. SETTING: 26 MSG sites in the United States. @entity0 : 33 @entity0 with various deep and superficial mycoses who developed @entity3 while receiving @entity4 . RESULTS: 11 of 26 investigators reported a total of 33 @entity0 with substantial @entity3 related to @entity4 therapy. Underlying mycoses included @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity1 . In separate MSG studies, 17 of 136 (12.5%) and 8 of 40 (20%) @entity0 had substantial reversible @entity3 associated with @entity4 therapy. Eight @entity0 who were not in the protocol had similar adverse effects. Twenty-nine of 33 @entity0 (88%) received at least 400 mg of @entity4 daily for a mean of 7.1 months. @entity3 developed a median of 3 months after initiation of @entity4 therapy and involved the scalp in all @entity0 . Other sites were involved in about one third of @entity0 . Three @entity0 required wigs because of extensive hair loss. @entity3 resolved within 6 months of discontinuation of @entity4 therapy or reduction of the daily dose by at least 50%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 appears to be a common adverse event associated with higher-dose (400 mg/d) @entity4 given for 2 months or longer. This effect may be severe but is reversed by discontinuing @entity4 therapy or substantially reducing the daily dose.

title: @entity3 associated with XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the association between @entity4 and reversible @entity3 . DESIGN: A retrospective survey of 1) @entity0 enrolled in NIAID Mycoses Study Group (MSG) protocols involving the long-term use of @entity4 for treatment of endemic mycoses and 2) @entity0 treated with @entity4 outside of a protocol setting but by the MSG investigators who were MSG members. SETTING: 26 MSG sites in the United States. @entity0 : 33 @entity0 with various deep and superficial mycoses who developed @entity3 while receiving @entity4 . RESULTS: 11 of 26 investigators reported a total of 33 @entity0 with substantial @entity3 related to @entity4 therapy. Underlying mycoses included @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity1 . In separate MSG studies, 17 of 136 (12.5%) and 8 of 40 (20%) @entity0 had substantial reversible @entity3 associated with @entity4 therapy. Eight @entity0 who were not in the protocol had similar adverse effects. Twenty-nine of 33 @entity0 (88%) received at least 400 mg of @entity4 daily for a mean of 7.1 months. @entity3 developed a median of 3 months after initiation of @entity4 therapy and involved the scalp in all @entity0 . Other sites were involved in about one third of @entity0 . Three @entity0 required wigs because of extensive hair loss. @entity3 resolved within 6 months of discontinuation of @entity4 therapy or reduction of the daily dose by at least 50%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 appears to be a common adverse event associated with higher-dose (400 mg/d) @entity4 given for 2 months or longer. This effect may be severe but is reversed by discontinuing @entity4 therapy or substantially reducing the daily dose.

title: XXXX associated with @entity4 therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the basic virology of @entity2 ) and the natural history of @entity3 and to discuss current and potential therapies. DATA SOURCES: The MEDLINE database (1966 to 1994) was searched to identify English-language articles and abstracts on HPV biology and antiviral chemotherapy. STUDY SELECTION: Peer-reviewed basic science and clinical research studies on the molecular, cellular, and @entity0 biology of @entity3 . DATA EXTRACTION: Summaries of data from research studies on the biology of @entity3 and information from review articles on the basic and applied pharmacology of antiviral agents. DATA SYNTHESIS: @entity3 are very common. @entity2 infections may be asymptomatic or may be manifested in various benign or malignant lesions, most notably anogenital @entity1 . Currently, therapeutic options for @entity3 are limited, expensive, and often ineffective. By understanding the basic virology and natural history of @entity3 , potential sites for pharmacologic intervention can be identified. Although currently available antiviral compounds are inactive against HPV, they serve as models for the rational design of HPV antiviral drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity3 causes substantial morbidity and expense, uniformly effective therapy for @entity3 is not currently available. Several processes in the @entity3 cycle are appropriate targets for the development of antiviral agents. The development of compounds active against HPV could prevent the benign and malignant diseases associated with @entity3 .

title: Antiviral therapy for XXXX papillomaviruses: rational and prospects.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) remains disappointing despite high initial complete response rates. The dramatic initial chemosensitivity of @entity1 cells is frustrated by the early emergence of chemoresistant clonogenic cells, regardless of front line treatments. Although the dose relationship is fairly well established regarding the response rate, its effect on survival is inconclusive. From 1980 to 1988, 202 @entity0 with limited @entity2 were included in four consecutive protocols using an alternating schedule of thoracic radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite an increase of chemotherapy and/or total radiation doses, no significant difference was observed between the four protocols in terms of response rate, disease free and overall survival. However, a retrospective analysis performed on a total of 131 consecutive @entity0 led us to propose the hypothesis that a moderate increase in the initial dose, ie first course, of @entity4 and @entity3 could improve overall survival. From 1988 to 1991, 105 @entity0 were subsequently included in a large randomized trial raising this question. The treatment difference only concerned the initial doses of @entity4 (80 vs 100 mg/m2) and @entity3 (900 vs 1200 mg/m2). The trial was closed after inclusion of 105 @entity0 , 32 months after the start of the study because at that time overall survival was significantly better in the higher-dose group (p = 0.001). The emergence of this debatable concept opens new directions in the therapeutic strategy of @entity2 and the contribution of hematopoietic growth factors may be of great interest in the management of this disease.

title: [Importance of the initial chemotherapy dose in the treatment of XXXX : therapeutic perspectives].

answer: @entity2


abstract: In immobilized @entity0 different drugs are used for @entity2 prophylaxis. Arterial vasospastic complications have recently been reported after Heparin-DHE. In our clinical observation five of these cases were treated. A multicenter study was performed in 82 Austrian trauma units investigating the incidence and outcome of complications of Heparin DHE prophylaxis. 147,290 @entity0 had different drugs for @entity2 prophylaxis. 61,092 got Heparin-DHE. Complications could be observed at 142 @entity0 but only in the group receiving Heparin DHE. 135 cases were treated conservatively (amputation of limbs became necessary in seven @entity0 ). In seven other cases immediate operative exposure of the vessels and balloon catheter dilatation was successfully performed. @entity3 occurred only in @entity0 with Heparin DHE prophylaxis. It is important to realize this possibility, so that early therapeutic measurements can be taken to avoid unnecessary permanent @entity1 and limb amputation.

title: [Prevention of XXXX in accident surgery--angiospastic complications with DHE-heparin. A multicenter study].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the current epidemiology of @entity3 . DESIGN: Population based, unselected, multicentre, prospective survey. SETTING: 74 hospitals receiving emergency admissions in four health regions in the United Kingdom. SUBJECTS: 4185 cases of @entity3 in which @entity0 were aged over 16 years identified over four months. OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and mortality. RESULTS: The overall incidence of @entity3 in the United Kingdom is 103/100,000 adults per year. The incidence rises from 23 in those aged under 30 to 485 in those aged over 75. At all ages incidence in @entity0 was more than double that in @entity0 except in elderly @entity0 . 14% of the @entity4 occurred in inpatients already in hospital for some other reason. In 27% of cases (37% female, 19% male) @entity0 were aged over 80. Overall mortality was 14% (11% in emergency admissions and 33% in @entity4 in inpatients). In the emergency admissions, 65% of deaths in those aged under 80 were associated with @entity1 or organ failure at presentation. Mortality for @entity0 under 60 in the absence of @entity1 or organ failure at presentation was 0.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity3 is twice that previously reported in England and similar to that reported in Scotland. The incidence increases appreciably with age. Although the proportion of elderly @entity0 continues to rise and mortality increases steeply with age, age standardised mortality is lower than in earlier studies. @entity2 occurred almost exclusively in very old @entity0 or those with severe comorbidity.

title: Incidence of and mortality from XXXX in the United Kingdom. Steering Committee and members of the National Audit of @entity3 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the current epidemiology of @entity3 . DESIGN: Population based, unselected, multicentre, prospective survey. SETTING: 74 hospitals receiving emergency admissions in four health regions in the United Kingdom. SUBJECTS: 4185 cases of @entity3 in which @entity0 were aged over 16 years identified over four months. OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and mortality. RESULTS: The overall incidence of @entity3 in the United Kingdom is 103/100,000 adults per year. The incidence rises from 23 in those aged under 30 to 485 in those aged over 75. At all ages incidence in @entity0 was more than double that in @entity0 except in elderly @entity0 . 14% of the @entity4 occurred in inpatients already in hospital for some other reason. In 27% of cases (37% female, 19% male) @entity0 were aged over 80. Overall mortality was 14% (11% in emergency admissions and 33% in @entity4 in inpatients). In the emergency admissions, 65% of deaths in those aged under 80 were associated with @entity1 or organ failure at presentation. Mortality for @entity0 under 60 in the absence of @entity1 or organ failure at presentation was 0.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity3 is twice that previously reported in England and similar to that reported in Scotland. The incidence increases appreciably with age. Although the proportion of elderly @entity0 continues to rise and mortality increases steeply with age, age standardised mortality is lower than in earlier studies. @entity2 occurred almost exclusively in very old @entity0 or those with severe comorbidity.

title: Incidence of and mortality from @entity3 in the United Kingdom. Steering Committee and members of the National Audit of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enteral feeding (tube feeding) is offered to many @entity0 with @entity1 / @entity5 experiencing @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and maintaining adequate nutritional intake leading to weight loss. OBJECTIVES: To examine the efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement or other tube feeding placement on:  (1) survival;(2) nutritional status;  (3) quality of life;(4) minor and major complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity4 Group Trials Register (24 November 2009), MEDLINE (from January 1966 to September 2009), and EMBASE (from January 1980 to September 2009) for all papers on enteral tube feeding in @entity1 / @entity5 . The results were screened to identify randomised controlled trials and to identify non-randomized studies that might be worthy of review and discussion. We checked references in published articles and enlisted personal communications to identify any additional references.   SELECTION CRITERIA: A priori selection criteria included randomised and quasi-randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or other feeding tube placement. Since no such trials were discovered, all prospective and retrospective controlled studies were reviewed in the 'Background' or 'Discussion' sections of the review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We independently assessed study design and extracted data. We considered the following outcomes: (1) survival rate in months (of primary interest), (2) nutritional status measured by weight change, change in body mass index, or other quantitative index of nutritional status, (3) self-perceived quality of life and (4) safety of the procedure as indicated by minor and major complications of surgical or radiological guided @entity2 tube insertion.   MAIN RESULTS: We found no randomised controlled trials comparing the efficacy of enteral tube feeding with those @entity0 who continued to eat orally, without enteral feeding. We summarized the results of retrospective and prospective studies in the 'Discussion' section. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There are no randomised controlled trials to indicate whether enteral tube feeding is beneficial compared to continuation of oral feeding for any of the outcome measures. The 'best' evidence to date suggests a survival advantage for some @entity0 with @entity1 / @entity5 , but these conclusions are tentative. Evidence for improved nutrition is also incomplete but tentatively favorable.   Quality of life has been addressed in studies and needs more attention. Based on a number of recent non-randomized studies comparing surgical and radiographic approaches to feeding tube insertion these two procedures for @entity2 tube insertion appear to be equivalent.

title: Enteral tube feeding for XXXX / @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enteral feeding (tube feeding) is offered to many @entity0 with @entity1 / @entity5 experiencing @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and maintaining adequate nutritional intake leading to weight loss. OBJECTIVES: To examine the efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement or other tube feeding placement on:  (1) survival;(2) nutritional status;  (3) quality of life;(4) minor and major complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity4 Group Trials Register (24 November 2009), MEDLINE (from January 1966 to September 2009), and EMBASE (from January 1980 to September 2009) for all papers on enteral tube feeding in @entity1 / @entity5 . The results were screened to identify randomised controlled trials and to identify non-randomized studies that might be worthy of review and discussion. We checked references in published articles and enlisted personal communications to identify any additional references.   SELECTION CRITERIA: A priori selection criteria included randomised and quasi-randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or other feeding tube placement. Since no such trials were discovered, all prospective and retrospective controlled studies were reviewed in the 'Background' or 'Discussion' sections of the review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We independently assessed study design and extracted data. We considered the following outcomes: (1) survival rate in months (of primary interest), (2) nutritional status measured by weight change, change in body mass index, or other quantitative index of nutritional status, (3) self-perceived quality of life and (4) safety of the procedure as indicated by minor and major complications of surgical or radiological guided @entity2 tube insertion.   MAIN RESULTS: We found no randomised controlled trials comparing the efficacy of enteral tube feeding with those @entity0 who continued to eat orally, without enteral feeding. We summarized the results of retrospective and prospective studies in the 'Discussion' section. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There are no randomised controlled trials to indicate whether enteral tube feeding is beneficial compared to continuation of oral feeding for any of the outcome measures. The 'best' evidence to date suggests a survival advantage for some @entity0 with @entity1 / @entity5 , but these conclusions are tentative. Evidence for improved nutrition is also incomplete but tentatively favorable.   Quality of life has been addressed in studies and needs more attention. Based on a number of recent non-randomized studies comparing surgical and radiographic approaches to feeding tube insertion these two procedures for @entity2 tube insertion appear to be equivalent.

title: Enteral tube feeding for @entity1 / XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway is frequently activated in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Downstream signaling events involving the Wnt/b-catenin cascade occur through @entity3 ( @entity3 ) proteins. The @entity0 @entity4 gene is composed of 17 exons with multiple alternative splicing sites. However, the role of different @entity4 isoforms in the pathogenesis of @entity1 is unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize @entity4 isoforms in @entity1 . We identified 14 novel @entity4 isoforms from four @entity1 cell lines. Functional analysis following transfection and expression in @entity1 cells revealed distinct effects on the phenotype. The @entity4 J isoform expression produced striking features of malignant transformation characterized by high cell proliferation rate, migration and colony formation even though its transcriptional activity was low. In contrast, the @entity3 -4K isoform displayed low @entity3 transcriptional activity; cell proliferation rate and colony formation were reduced as well. Interestingly, @entity3 -4J and @entity4 K differed by only five @entity2 (the SxxSS motif). Thus, these studies suggest that conserved splicing motifs may have a major influence on the transcriptional activity and functional properties of @entity4 isoforms and alter the characteristics of the malignant phenotype.

title: Identification of T-cell factor-4 isoforms that contribute to the malignant phenotype of XXXX cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endobronchial @entity1 are @entity1 composed of clonal populations of smooth muscle cells and a variable lymphocytic inflammatory component. They represent a challenge with respect to diagnosis, classification, and surgical resection due to their infrequent occurrence. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our experience with @entity0 who had @entity1 in the major airways over a 15-year period, in order to understand the incidence, natural biology, treatment, and long-term outcome of individuals with this type of @entity1 in an endobronchial location. RESULTS: Between 1995 and 2010, 11 @entity0 (9 female, 2 male) underwent surgical resection of a @entity1 arising within the tracheobronchial tree. The mean age was 39.6 years (range, 22.3 to 53.6 years). All @entity0 were symptomatic, with cough and @entity3 as the most common presenting complaints. Rigid bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsy was utilized to establish the diagnosis in 9 of 11 @entity0 . Laser-mechanical debulking was performed to relieve @entity2 prior to operation in 10 of 11 @entity0 . Because of wide submucosal infiltration of the @entity1 , surgical resection for complete removal was required for all individuals. Tracheal resection was performed in 3 @entity0 , carinal resection in 1 @entity0 , mainstem bronchial resection in 2 @entity0 , sleeve resection in 3 @entity0 , bilobectomy in 1 @entity0 , and right lower lobectomy in 1 @entity0 . Resection with @entity1 -free margins was accomplished in all @entity0 . Mean @entity1 size was 2.3 cm (range, 1.5 to 3.5 cm). There were no operative deaths, with all @entity0 alive and disease-free at a mean of 6.1    3.7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Complete surgical resection of inflammatory @entity1 presenting in a major airway is safe and leads to excellent survival for @entity0 with this uncommon disease.

title: Surgical management of endobronchial inflammatory XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: systemic treatment options for @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) that progress despite the use of @entity3 are very limited. One of the options of compassionate use currently available is the use of @entity4 . We present a joint preliminary experience with the use of @entity4 in this clinical case. @entity0 AND METHODS: a series of eight cases is presented, which sets forth a prospective multicentre experience with @entity4 in @entity0 with hormone-refractory metastatic and progressive @entity2 , previously treated with at least a regime of @entity3 -based chemotherapy. Other alternative chemotherapy regimes had already been tried in some @entity0 . The primary objective of our study was the PSA response rate and our secondary objective was the progression-free period. We administered a dosage of 50mg/day for four-week cycles, followed by a two-week rest per cycle, until we reached a total of eight cycles or up to clinical progression or intolerable @entity1 . RESULTS: in four cases, the PSA dropped to below 50% of the baseline level at the beginning of the treatment, and five @entity0 presented some decrease in PSA. The progression-free time was 16.4 weeks. @entity1 arising from the treatment was moderate and manageable. CONCLUSIONS: despite the limits of this experience, we can say that @entity4 appears to be an active and safe option in @entity0 with @entity2 that is resistant to chemotherapy with @entity3 .

title: [Experience with @entity4 in hormone-resistant metastatic XXXX that is unresponsive to @entity3 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: systemic treatment options for @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) that progress despite the use of @entity3 are very limited. One of the options of compassionate use currently available is the use of @entity4 . We present a joint preliminary experience with the use of @entity4 in this clinical case. @entity0 AND METHODS: a series of eight cases is presented, which sets forth a prospective multicentre experience with @entity4 in @entity0 with hormone-refractory metastatic and progressive @entity2 , previously treated with at least a regime of @entity3 -based chemotherapy. Other alternative chemotherapy regimes had already been tried in some @entity0 . The primary objective of our study was the PSA response rate and our secondary objective was the progression-free period. We administered a dosage of 50mg/day for four-week cycles, followed by a two-week rest per cycle, until we reached a total of eight cycles or up to clinical progression or intolerable @entity1 . RESULTS: in four cases, the PSA dropped to below 50% of the baseline level at the beginning of the treatment, and five @entity0 presented some decrease in PSA. The progression-free time was 16.4 weeks. @entity1 arising from the treatment was moderate and manageable. CONCLUSIONS: despite the limits of this experience, we can say that @entity4 appears to be an active and safe option in @entity0 with @entity2 that is resistant to chemotherapy with @entity3 .

title: [Experience with XXXX in hormone-resistant metastatic @entity2 that is unresponsive to @entity3 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: systemic treatment options for @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) that progress despite the use of @entity3 are very limited. One of the options of compassionate use currently available is the use of @entity4 . We present a joint preliminary experience with the use of @entity4 in this clinical case. @entity0 AND METHODS: a series of eight cases is presented, which sets forth a prospective multicentre experience with @entity4 in @entity0 with hormone-refractory metastatic and progressive @entity2 , previously treated with at least a regime of @entity3 -based chemotherapy. Other alternative chemotherapy regimes had already been tried in some @entity0 . The primary objective of our study was the PSA response rate and our secondary objective was the progression-free period. We administered a dosage of 50mg/day for four-week cycles, followed by a two-week rest per cycle, until we reached a total of eight cycles or up to clinical progression or intolerable @entity1 . RESULTS: in four cases, the PSA dropped to below 50% of the baseline level at the beginning of the treatment, and five @entity0 presented some decrease in PSA. The progression-free time was 16.4 weeks. @entity1 arising from the treatment was moderate and manageable. CONCLUSIONS: despite the limits of this experience, we can say that @entity4 appears to be an active and safe option in @entity0 with @entity2 that is resistant to chemotherapy with @entity3 .

title: [Experience with @entity4 in hormone-resistant metastatic @entity2 that is unresponsive to XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: This study evaluated whether arteriovenous access ( @entity2 ) creation before hemodialysis might affect the rate of decline of renal function. METHODS: This was a retrospective, case-control study comparing two groups of 80 @entity0 each. The @entity2 group underwent @entity2 creation more than 2 months before initiation of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The catheter group (i.e., the control group) commenced @entity1 through a temporary catheter. The catheter group @entity0 were matched with @entity2 group @entity0 in terms of age, gender, nature of underlying disease, and rate of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before @entity2 creation. The zero point (Z-point) was defined as the date of @entity2 creation for @entity2 @entity0 , or the date on which the same eGFR was attained by each catheter group @entity0 compared with a matched @entity2 @entity0 . Time-to-dialysis was defined as the interval from the Z-point to the date of initiation of dialysis. The rates of change in eGFR before and after the Z-point were also measured. RESULTS: The @entity2 and catheter groups were similar in terms of baseline characteristics. The Z-point eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) was 11.4  3.1 in the @entity2 group and 11.3  3.2 in the catheter group. The eGFR at the time of dialysis was 6.4  2.0 in the @entity2 group and 6.1  1.9 in the catheter group. The mean and median dialysis-free time was longer in the @entity2 than in the catheter group (14.2  9.4 vs. 5.9  4.1 months, 13.1 (3-41) vs. 5.0 (2-17) months, p<0.001). Multivariate proportional Cox's hazard modeling showed that the @entity2 group and the Z-point eGFR were each independent predictors of the time to initiation of @entity1 . The mean changes in eGFR per month (delta eGFR) before the Z-point were similar for the two groups. For the @entity2 group, the mean delta eGFR was lower after the Z-point compared to before (-0.63 vs. -0.21 ml/min/1.73 m2, p=0.002). For the catheter group, the mean delta eGFR was similar before and after the Z-point (-0.63 vs. -0.67 ml/min/1.73 m2). The mean delta eGFR after the Z-point was less in the @entity2 group compared to the catheter group (-0.67 vs. -0.21 ml/min/1.73 m2, p=0.002). CONCLUSION: In this retrospective observational study, @entity2 creation appears to retard the rate of decline in eGFR and to defer @entity1 initiation.

title: Arteriovenous access creation defers XXXX initiation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite rigorous focus on extracorporeal CRRT parameters such as access, blood flow, hemoconcentration, and anticoagulation, some @entity0 have unexpected repetitive hemofilter clotting. We instead explored @entity0 or disease-related factors that could be responsible, and present a case of @entity3 in which paraproteins caused hollow fiber failure. METHODS: A patient with IgG kappa chain multiple @entity4 complicated by @entity1 and @entity2 was started on CVVH with a regional @entity5 anticoagulation protocol that typically yields filter life of >50 h. @entity6 hemofilters repetitively clotted every 2-4 h, even after excluding circuit-related problems. Failed filters were examined by light, electron (EM), and immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. RESULTS: Imaging of the hemofilters revealed several ultrastructural features typical for @entity4 -associated alterations in native @entity0 tissue. Red cell rouleaux formation occurred within the hollow fibers. There was extensive protein layering on the luminal surface of the fibers with some extension into their walls: these deposits were IF+ for IgG kappa, and had a fibrillary substructure on EM. CONCLUSION: Extracorporeal hollow fiber phenomena recapitulate many intra-corporeal paraprotein effects such as those described in the kidney with @entity3 . Rapid protein layering suggests fouling of the membrane, decreased solute clearance before total device failure, and raises the theoretical concern that this might also occur during filtration plasmapheresis: we thus suggest serial serum free light chain levels to confirm their removal when using that technique. These findings emphasize the importance of disease rather than circuit-related factors that are under-appreciated causes of premature hemofilter failure.

title: A new form of XXXX "kidney": shortened hemofilter survival and implications for membrane filtration plasmapheresis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The German Society of Pediatric Oncology in 1981 initiated the Cooperative @entity3 Study (CESS 81) using a four-drug combination of chemotherapy prior to definitive local control with surgery and/or radiation. From January 1, 1981 until February 28, 1985, 93 @entity0 were registered at the trial office from 54 participating institutions in West Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. On February 1, 1987, 54 of 93 @entity0 were disease-free. Using the Kaplan-Meier life table analysis, the estimated disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 60% at 36 months and 55% at 69 months. The median period of observation was 29 months, ranging from 22 months to 69 months. Twenty-one of 93 @entity0 (23%) had local failure, 18 of 93 @entity0 (19%) developed systemic @entity1 . The local failure rate was particularly high in @entity0 treated with radiation and was reduced when radiation planning was centralized within the study based upon the extent of disease at diagnosis. Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors showed that @entity2 volume was a significant factor influencing prognosis. The estimated 3-year DFS rate was 80% for @entity0 with small @entity2 (volume less than 100 ml) compared to 31% for @entity0 with large @entity2 (volume greater than or equal to 100 ml). In @entity0 who had surgery for local control, the histologic response to chemotherapy was analyzed on the surgical specimen and had a strong influence on survival: 79% DFS at 3 years for @entity0 with less than 10% viable @entity2 (good responders) compared to 31% DFS for @entity0 with more than 10% viable @entity2 (poor responders). @entity2 load and responsiveness to chemotherapy are the two major factors influencing prognosis in @entity0 with primary @entity3 of bone.

title: Multidisciplinary treatment of primary XXXX of bone. A 6-year experience of a European Cooperative Trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The cytogenetic changes in enhanced growth (EG) variants of @entity1 tracheal epithelial cells in culture were examined. These variants which are detectable at 35 days after carcinogen exposure are the first phenotypic alteration in the multistep @entity0 process studied in this model system. Karyotypic analysis of @entity2 -induced EG variants at Day 35 was made possible by the development of an in situ method of cytogenetic analysis on intact colonies containing too few cells for conventional chromosome preparation methods. Of the transformed EG variant colonies in both control and @entity2 -treated groups, 62-78% had abnormal karyotypes which included numerical and structural changes. There were no specific chromosome changes, although aberrations of chromosomes 3 and 4 were recurrently observed. However, some colonies of even the most morphologically transformed EG variants were composed of only diploid cells. To confirm this finding 10 EG variant colonies were bisected and half of the clone was prepared for chromosome analysis and the other half was subcultured to measure the clonogenicity and karyotypes of the cells. Cells from 3 colonies plated very poorly on 3T3 feeders and therefore no karyotypic analysis of the colony-forming cells was possible; the cells of the 3 parental colonies were diploid. Three other parental colonies were predominantly diploid (80-90%) but upon replating the resultant daughter colonies had progressively smaller fractions of diploid cells indicating a selection for cells with abnormal karyotypes. When more selective conditions were used (i.e., growth after removal of the feeder cells), the percentage of abnormal cells increased even further. In one case the parental cells had a karyotypic alteration in the long arm of chromosome 4 and this karyotypic alteration was accentuated in the daughter colonies. Thus, selection of cells with increased growth ability upon subculturing or growth in the absence of feeder cells (properties associated with the acquisition of immortality) resulted in concomitant selection for cells with abnormal karyotypes. Since some of the carcinogen-induced @entity1 tracheal epithelial cells expressing the EG variant phenotype were diploid, it is possible that the first step in this transformation process is an epigenetic change. However, most of the diploid cells became terminal. The aneuploid subpopulations present in these colonies have a selective growth advantage and comprise the cell compartment that expresses continued growth, immortality, and ultimately tumorigenicity.

title: Cytogenetic changes in @entity1 tracheal epithelial cells during early stages of carcinogen-induced XXXX progression.

answer: @entity0