abstract: Cells from major types of @entity1 , i.e. @entity10 and @entity5 , are able to generate action potentials upon a current injection similar to neurons (Patt et al. (1996) Neuroscience, 71, 601-611; Labrakakis et al. (1997b) J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol., 56, 243-254. Here, we report that activation of ionotropic @entity9 receptors by the selective agonist, @entity11 , or by @entity9 itself, depolarized the @entity0 cells in culture and living slices from @entity0 tissue, and can elicit volleys of action potentials, as recorded with the patch-clamp technique. Sixty-six percent of the @entity5 cells, 44% of the astocytoma and 86% of the @entity10 cells responded to @entity9 and the specific agonist of @entity2 / @entity11 receptors, @entity11 . The involvement of non- @entity4 ( @entity8 ) receptors is further supported by the observation that both @entity11 and @entity9 currents were blocked by CNQX ( @entity7 ). The receptor activation was accompanied by an increase in cytosolic @entity3 , as recorded with a @entity6 microfluorometric system. The @entity3 elevation was mediated by the activation of @entity3 channels due to membrane depolarization. The presence of voltage-gated @entity3 channels was confirmed by patch-clamp experiments. Taken together, these findings imply that the electrophysiological properties of @entity1 cells are more reminiscent of those of neurons than of glial cells.

title: @entity9 receptor activation can trigger electrical activity in human XXXX cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In most @entity0 duodenal @entity1 is a chronic relapsing disease. If no active maintenance treatment or eradication therapy is given after healing, around 70-100% of @entity0 have a relapse during the first year. We conducted a double-blind multicenter study in 472 @entity0 with duodenal @entity1 . They were treated with @entity2 20 mg every morning for four or eight weeks and when healed were randomly allocated to maintenance treatment with either @entity2 20 mg every morning or @entity3 150 mg at bedtime for up to six months. The @entity0 were assessed by endoscopy at monthly intervals until healing occurred. Thereafter scheduled endoscopy was carried out after 1, 3, and 6 months of maintenance treatment or immediately in the event of a suspected relapse. Healing status (intention to treat approach) was 87% at four weeks and 93% at eight weeks. At six months the estimated remission rate was 90% for @entity2 and 82% for @entity3 (P = 0.03, 95% CI 1-15%). The incidence of adverse events was similar during the two maintenance treatments. Treatment with @entity2 20 mg every morning maintained significantly more @entity0 in remission than treatment with @entity3 150 mg at bedtime.

title: @entity2 and XXXX in long-term treatment of duodenal @entity1 : a double-blind comparison of length of time in remission.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In most @entity0 duodenal @entity1 is a chronic relapsing disease. If no active maintenance treatment or eradication therapy is given after healing, around 70-100% of @entity0 have a relapse during the first year. We conducted a double-blind multicenter study in 472 @entity0 with duodenal @entity1 . They were treated with @entity2 20 mg every morning for four or eight weeks and when healed were randomly allocated to maintenance treatment with either @entity2 20 mg every morning or @entity3 150 mg at bedtime for up to six months. The @entity0 were assessed by endoscopy at monthly intervals until healing occurred. Thereafter scheduled endoscopy was carried out after 1, 3, and 6 months of maintenance treatment or immediately in the event of a suspected relapse. Healing status (intention to treat approach) was 87% at four weeks and 93% at eight weeks. At six months the estimated remission rate was 90% for @entity2 and 82% for @entity3 (P = 0.03, 95% CI 1-15%). The incidence of adverse events was similar during the two maintenance treatments. Treatment with @entity2 20 mg every morning maintained significantly more @entity0 in remission than treatment with @entity3 150 mg at bedtime.

title: @entity2 and @entity3 in long-term treatment of duodenal XXXX : a double-blind comparison of length of time in remission.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In most @entity0 duodenal @entity1 is a chronic relapsing disease. If no active maintenance treatment or eradication therapy is given after healing, around 70-100% of @entity0 have a relapse during the first year. We conducted a double-blind multicenter study in 472 @entity0 with duodenal @entity1 . They were treated with @entity2 20 mg every morning for four or eight weeks and when healed were randomly allocated to maintenance treatment with either @entity2 20 mg every morning or @entity3 150 mg at bedtime for up to six months. The @entity0 were assessed by endoscopy at monthly intervals until healing occurred. Thereafter scheduled endoscopy was carried out after 1, 3, and 6 months of maintenance treatment or immediately in the event of a suspected relapse. Healing status (intention to treat approach) was 87% at four weeks and 93% at eight weeks. At six months the estimated remission rate was 90% for @entity2 and 82% for @entity3 (P = 0.03, 95% CI 1-15%). The incidence of adverse events was similar during the two maintenance treatments. Treatment with @entity2 20 mg every morning maintained significantly more @entity0 in remission than treatment with @entity3 150 mg at bedtime.

title: XXXX and @entity3 in long-term treatment of duodenal @entity1 : a double-blind comparison of length of time in remission.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Colonization of the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes with multi-resistant bacteria, @entity1 and @entity8 represent potential risk factors for lung transplantation in @entity6 . We therefore reviewed our experience in this @entity0 population. METHODS: Between December 1988 and March 1997, 219 lung and heart-lung transplantations were performed at our institution. Of these, 39 procedures were done in 35 @entity0 with @entity6 . All candidates (mean age 26 years) were @entity2 dependent (preoperative mean @entity9 : 44.8 +/- 9.1 Torr, preoperative mean PCO2: 53.4 +/- 10.5 Torr, one @entity0 on respirator). Of the primary operations, 34 were performed as bilateral sequential lung transplants, one as a heart-lung transplantation. RESULTS: Mean duration on respirator for survivors was 3.1 (1-12) days, mean ICU and hospital stay were 4.7 (1-13) and 28 (12-79) days, respectively. The 3-month mortality rate was 5.7% (two @entity0 died due to acute graft failure on days 36 and 73). Other causes of @entity3 in the follow-up were @entity7 (one @entity0 ) and chronic graft failure (three @entity0 ). The survival rates were 91% at 1 year, 83% at 3 years and 76% at 5 years. In eight @entity0 , a @entity10 ( @entity10 ) developed (in four cases grade 3). The freedom of @entity10 (grade 1 or more) at 1, 3 and 5 years was 87, 79 and 55%, respectively. Four retransplantations were performed. Of the 29 @entity0 alive, only seven are physically limited. CONCLUSION: Bilateral lung transplantation for @entity6 allows for acceptable early- and long-term results. Postoperative survival is not impaired by @entity4 , @entity1 and @entity8 . Long-term functional outcome seems to be comparable to lung transplantation in @entity0 without @entity5 .

title: Lung transplantation for XXXX --a single center experience over 8 years.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3 and @entity2 are feared complications following @entity8 ( @entity8 ) repair, significantly contributing to mortality. This prospective study describes volume- and pressure-controlled perfusion of the @entity1 during @entity8 surgery. METHODS: In 73 consecutive @entity0 (mean age 59 years), @entity8 repair (27 type I, 28 type II, 8 type III and 10 type IV) was performed, using retrograde and selective organ perfusion. Sixteen @entity0 had @entity1 with blood creatinine higher than 100 mmol/l. During the thoracic part of the procedure, the mean distal aortic pressure was kept above 60 mm Hg by means of left-heart bypass. After opening the abdominal aorta, the @entity1 were individually perfused by means of perfusion catheters (9 French) in the first 33 @entity0 (group I). Volume flow through each catheter was assessed with ultrasound flow meters and maintained at least at 60 ml/min. In addition to volume flow measurements, catheters with pressure sensors were used in the last 40 @entity0 (group II), allowing pressure-controlled selective perfusion. The extent of the @entity5 was comparable in both groups. RESULTS: Mean cross-clamp time for the thoracic part was 46 min, including proximal @entity4 and reattachment of intercostal arteries. Mean cross-clamp time for the abdominal part was 74 min, including re-implantation of intestinal and renal arteries and selective dacron grafts to the @entity7 arteries (n = 5), superior mesenteric arteries (n = 8) and renal arteries (n = 25), through which the catheters guaranteed continuous perfusion during the time the @entity4 was performed. Urine output was uninterrupted in all @entity0 , irrespective of cross-clamp time. In group I, one @entity0 (3%) developed @entity3 and three @entity0 (9%) required temporary peritoneal dialysis. In group II, no @entity0 developed @entity3 and two @entity0 (5%) required temporary peritoneal dialysis. Thirteen @entity0 with pre-existing @entity1 did not deteriorate. No @entity0 developed @entity2 or multiple-organ failure. Total in-hospital mortality was 6/73 (8%) and was related to @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Renal and @entity2 can be reduced significantly by continuous perfusion during cross-clamping in @entity8 repair. Not only sufficient volume flow but also adequate arterial pressure appears to be essential in maintaining renal function.

title: Reduced @entity3 following XXXX repair by selective perfusion.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3 and @entity2 are feared complications following @entity8 ( @entity8 ) repair, significantly contributing to mortality. This prospective study describes volume- and pressure-controlled perfusion of the @entity1 during @entity8 surgery. METHODS: In 73 consecutive @entity0 (mean age 59 years), @entity8 repair (27 type I, 28 type II, 8 type III and 10 type IV) was performed, using retrograde and selective organ perfusion. Sixteen @entity0 had @entity1 with blood creatinine higher than 100 mmol/l. During the thoracic part of the procedure, the mean distal aortic pressure was kept above 60 mm Hg by means of left-heart bypass. After opening the abdominal aorta, the @entity1 were individually perfused by means of perfusion catheters (9 French) in the first 33 @entity0 (group I). Volume flow through each catheter was assessed with ultrasound flow meters and maintained at least at 60 ml/min. In addition to volume flow measurements, catheters with pressure sensors were used in the last 40 @entity0 (group II), allowing pressure-controlled selective perfusion. The extent of the @entity5 was comparable in both groups. RESULTS: Mean cross-clamp time for the thoracic part was 46 min, including proximal @entity4 and reattachment of intercostal arteries. Mean cross-clamp time for the abdominal part was 74 min, including re-implantation of intestinal and renal arteries and selective dacron grafts to the @entity7 arteries (n = 5), superior mesenteric arteries (n = 8) and renal arteries (n = 25), through which the catheters guaranteed continuous perfusion during the time the @entity4 was performed. Urine output was uninterrupted in all @entity0 , irrespective of cross-clamp time. In group I, one @entity0 (3%) developed @entity3 and three @entity0 (9%) required temporary peritoneal dialysis. In group II, no @entity0 developed @entity3 and two @entity0 (5%) required temporary peritoneal dialysis. Thirteen @entity0 with pre-existing @entity1 did not deteriorate. No @entity0 developed @entity2 or multiple-organ failure. Total in-hospital mortality was 6/73 (8%) and was related to @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Renal and @entity2 can be reduced significantly by continuous perfusion during cross-clamping in @entity8 repair. Not only sufficient volume flow but also adequate arterial pressure appears to be essential in maintaining renal function.

title: Reduced XXXX following @entity8 repair by selective perfusion.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a rare form of nonprogressive lateral @entity3 characterized by partial @entity1 with @entity4 . The gene predisposing to this syndrome was localized to a 10-cM region on chromosome 10q24. We assessed clinical features and linkage evidence in four newly ascertained families with @entity6 , to refine the clinical phenotype and confirm the genetic localization. METHODS: We genotyped 41 individuals at seven microsatellite markers spanning the previously defined 10-cM minimal genetic region. We conducted two-point linkage analysis with the ANALYZE computer package, and multipoint parametric and nonparametric linkage analyses as implemented in GENEHUNTER2. RESULTS: In the four families, the number of individuals with @entity5 ranged from three to nine. @entity0 was focal in all of those with @entity5 who could be classified. The proportion with auditory symptoms ranged from 67 to 100%. Other @entity2 also were reported; of these, sensory symptoms were most common. Linkage analysis showed a maximum 2-point LOD score of 1.86 at (theta=0.0 for marker D10S603, and a maximum multipoint LOD score of 2.93. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide strong confirmation of linkage of a gene causing @entity6 to chromosome 10q24. The results suggest that the susceptibility gene has a differential effect on the lateral temporal lobe, thereby producing the characteristic clinical features described here. Molecular studies aimed at the identification of the causative gene are underway.

title: Four new families with XXXX with auditory features: clinical description and linkage to chromosome 10q24.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The level of maternal mortality appears to be higher in France than in other European countries according to the data collected in the 1995 European survey. We performed a retrospective analysis of severe @entity5 , @entity6 induced @entity2 , and @entity4 in 1995 in the Lorraine region and reviewed the management scheme used in each case. There was one @entity3 and 223 cases of severe maternal morbidity (110 cases of @entity5 , 105 cases of @entity6 induced @entity2 , 8 cases of @entity4 ). The frequency of these maternal diseases was an estimated 8 per 1000 births. Ninety percent of the @entity0 (90.7%) were living 7 days after birth. Pregnancy after the age of 35 years, @entity1 , and an intermediate level of vocational training were well-documented high risk factors in the Lorraine area. All of the @entity0 who developed complications had been followed regularly during their @entity6 . High parity and a scarred uterus were high risk factors for post partum @entity5 . About 45% (45.5%) of the @entity0 were transferred to an emergency unit for intensive care. Pregnancy-induced @entity2 was treated within the normal hospital network, most of the mothers being transferred to a reference center prior to delivery. This retrospective study demonstrates the need for reporting more information on medical records. The data observed improved our knowledge of the prevalence and management of the main causes of direct @entity3 in the Lorraine area. It improved our knowledge on the prevalence and management of the main causes of direct @entity3 in Lorraine area.

title: [Severe complications of XXXX and delivery: the situation in Lorraine based on the European investigation].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Although glycogen synthase kinase-3 ( @entity6 ) is but one of more than a thousand distinct @entity3 / @entity4 kinases present in the @entity0 genome, this enzyme has attracted attention for its role in a diverse range of cellular processes and its positioning at a nexus of several signaling pathways that are important in @entity1 and other @entity0 diseases. The association of @entity6 with widely different functions, from glycogen metabolism to @entity2 segmentation and slime mold differentiation, was initially perplexing. However, as the context of the biological processes involving this enzyme has been clarified, unifying themes have emerged that begin to explain its pleiotropic nature. Unlike most protein kinases involved in signaling, @entity6 is active in unstimulated, resting cells. Its activity is inactivated during cellular responses and its substrates therefore tend to be dephosphorylated. As more of these targets have been identified and the effects of their modification by @entity6 determined, most have been found to be functionally inhibited by @entity6 . Hence, this kinase appears to act as a general repressor, keeping its targets switched off or inaccessible under resting conditions. The rarity of this form of regulation is perhaps related to the diversity of its targets. Over the past decade, the importance of @entity6 has been established by three significant properties: its remarkable evolutionary conservation, allowing analysis in genetically tractable organisms; its involvement in the Wnt/wingless signaling pathway; and its inhibition by agonists of the prosurvival @entity5 3' kinase (P13'K) pathway. This review covers recent advances in understanding the physiological roles of this enzyme, particularly in the context of @entity1 .

title: Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in XXXX : regulation by Wnts and other signaling pathways.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PROBLEM: Expression and hormonal regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their role in blastocyst activation and implantation is poorly known. The present study is aimed at analysing the expression and hormonal modulation of two pro-inflammatory cytokines [ @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity2 ] in @entity0 blastocysts during implantation. METHOD OF STUDY: Blastocyst-uterine interactions are inhibited by @entity3 during implantation and subsequent treatment with @entity4 triggers events that allow implantation to begin. Using this delayed implantation @entity0 model, dormant and activated blastocysts were recovered from @entity0 treated with @entity3 alone and @entity3 plus @entity4 therapy, respectively. Expression of @entity1 and @entity2 messenger RNA (mRNA) was analysed in normal, dormant and activated blastocysts by in situ hybridization using specific labelled sense and antisense RNA probes, and the protein expression of the same was analysed by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: In situ hybridization revealed @entity1 and @entity2 mRNA localization in normal, dormant and activated blastocysts and a differential expression was observed in relation to the exposure to @entity3 and @entity4 . There was less expression in the dormant blastocysts as compared with the normal and activated ones, and the pattern was similar for both cytokines. Immunocytochemistry also revealed a similar pattern of protein expression to that of the mRNA expression for both the cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: Using a delayed implantation model, we show that @entity0 blastocysts express both @entity1 and @entity2 mRNA as well as their respective proteins. Both mRNA and the protein levels of @entity1 and @entity2 seem to be hormonally modulated in @entity0 blastocysts during implantation.

title: Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in XXXX blastocysts during implantation: modulation by steroid hormones.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To investigate whether factors in the fetal or neonatal period influence the risk of later development of @entity1 we conducted a population-based register study. The Swedish Medical Birth Register was linked with the Hospital Discharge Register and identified 3392 singleton @entity0 born in the period 1987-97 who developed @entity1 . Perinatal data for these @entity0 were compared with all @entity0 born in these years. Exposure variables: Maternal age, parity and smoking habits in @entity4 , @entity3 , pregnancy duration and birthweight, birthweight by gestational week, Apgar score, neonatal @entity2 , @entity5 group incompatibility, exchange transfusion, phototherapy. Odds ratios and test-based confidence intervals were calculated. Analyses were made with stratification for year of birth and other risk factors. The risk of developing @entity1 decreased with maternal age and was lower in first-born than in second-born @entity0 . Maternal smoking in @entity4 was a weak risk factor, as was low birthweight. The most evident risk factors were being exposed to @entity2 (OR = 1.52, confidence limits 1.19: 1.95) and being small for gestational age (OR = 1.45, confidence limits 1.20; 1.75). These risk factors were independent of each other. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that the intrauterine environment, mainly as mirrored by a low birthweight for gestational age and, independently, @entity2 diagnosis, is associated with the risk of developing @entity1 , supporting the idea of a multifactorial aetiology of the disease.

title: XXXX is associated with intrauterine growth and @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: To investigate whether factors in the fetal or neonatal period influence the risk of later development of @entity1 we conducted a population-based register study. The Swedish Medical Birth Register was linked with the Hospital Discharge Register and identified 3392 singleton @entity0 born in the period 1987-97 who developed @entity1 . Perinatal data for these @entity0 were compared with all @entity0 born in these years. Exposure variables: Maternal age, parity and smoking habits in @entity4 , @entity3 , pregnancy duration and birthweight, birthweight by gestational week, Apgar score, neonatal @entity2 , @entity5 group incompatibility, exchange transfusion, phototherapy. Odds ratios and test-based confidence intervals were calculated. Analyses were made with stratification for year of birth and other risk factors. The risk of developing @entity1 decreased with maternal age and was lower in first-born than in second-born @entity0 . Maternal smoking in @entity4 was a weak risk factor, as was low birthweight. The most evident risk factors were being exposed to @entity2 (OR = 1.52, confidence limits 1.19: 1.95) and being small for gestational age (OR = 1.45, confidence limits 1.20; 1.75). These risk factors were independent of each other. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that the intrauterine environment, mainly as mirrored by a low birthweight for gestational age and, independently, @entity2 diagnosis, is associated with the risk of developing @entity1 , supporting the idea of a multifactorial aetiology of the disease.

title: @entity1 is associated with intrauterine growth and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECT: As in @entity0 with @entity6 , advances in surgical procedures have markedly improved outcomes in @entity0 with trigeminal @entity4 . In this article the authors address the function of cranial nerves in a series of @entity0 with trigeminal @entity4 that were treated with gross-total surgical removal. The authors emphasize a technique they use to remove a dumbbell-shaped @entity1 through the expanded Meckel cave, and discuss the advantage of the extradural zygomatic middle fossa approach for total @entity1 and preservation or improvement of @entity2 . METHODS: Within an 11-year period (1989-2000), 25 @entity0 (14 female and 11 male @entity0 with a mean age of 44.4 years) with benign trigeminal @entity4 were surgically treated by the senior author (O.A.) with the aim of total @entity1 . Three @entity0 had undergone previous surgery elsewhere. @entity7 was present in all but two @entity0 . Abducent nerve paresis was present in 40%. The approach in each @entity0 was selected according to the location and size of the lesion. @entity1 were dumbbell shaped and extended into both middle and posterior fossae. All 25 @entity1 involved the cavernous sinus. The zygomatic middle fossa approach was particularly useful and was used in 14 @entity0 . The mean follow-up period was 33.12 months. In @entity0 who had not undergone previous surgery, the preoperative trigeminal sensory deficit improved in 44%, facial @entity3 decreased in 73%, and trigeminal motor deficit improved in 80%. Among @entity0 with preoperative abducent nerve paresis, recovery was attained in 63%. Three @entity0 (12%) experienced a persistent new or worse @entity2 postoperatively. @entity7 persisted in one of these @entity0 , @entity5 in another, and motor trigeminal weakness in the third @entity0 . In all @entity0 a good surgical outcome was achieved. One @entity0 died 2 years after treatment from an unrelated cause. In three @entity0 the @entity1 recurred after an average of 22.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Preservation or improvement of @entity2 can be achieved through total removal of a @entity4 , and skull base approaches are better suited to achieving this goal. The zygomatic middle fossa approach is particularly helpful and safe. It allows @entity1 removal from the cavernous sinus, the infratemporal fossa, and the posterior fossa through the expanded Meckel cave.

title: Trigeminal XXXX : removal of dumbbell-shaped @entity1 through the expanded Meckel cave and outcomes of @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECT: As in @entity0 with @entity6 , advances in surgical procedures have markedly improved outcomes in @entity0 with trigeminal @entity4 . In this article the authors address the function of cranial nerves in a series of @entity0 with trigeminal @entity4 that were treated with gross-total surgical removal. The authors emphasize a technique they use to remove a dumbbell-shaped @entity1 through the expanded Meckel cave, and discuss the advantage of the extradural zygomatic middle fossa approach for total @entity1 and preservation or improvement of @entity2 . METHODS: Within an 11-year period (1989-2000), 25 @entity0 (14 female and 11 male @entity0 with a mean age of 44.4 years) with benign trigeminal @entity4 were surgically treated by the senior author (O.A.) with the aim of total @entity1 . Three @entity0 had undergone previous surgery elsewhere. @entity7 was present in all but two @entity0 . Abducent nerve paresis was present in 40%. The approach in each @entity0 was selected according to the location and size of the lesion. @entity1 were dumbbell shaped and extended into both middle and posterior fossae. All 25 @entity1 involved the cavernous sinus. The zygomatic middle fossa approach was particularly useful and was used in 14 @entity0 . The mean follow-up period was 33.12 months. In @entity0 who had not undergone previous surgery, the preoperative trigeminal sensory deficit improved in 44%, facial @entity3 decreased in 73%, and trigeminal motor deficit improved in 80%. Among @entity0 with preoperative abducent nerve paresis, recovery was attained in 63%. Three @entity0 (12%) experienced a persistent new or worse @entity2 postoperatively. @entity7 persisted in one of these @entity0 , @entity5 in another, and motor trigeminal weakness in the third @entity0 . In all @entity0 a good surgical outcome was achieved. One @entity0 died 2 years after treatment from an unrelated cause. In three @entity0 the @entity1 recurred after an average of 22.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Preservation or improvement of @entity2 can be achieved through total removal of a @entity4 , and skull base approaches are better suited to achieving this goal. The zygomatic middle fossa approach is particularly helpful and safe. It allows @entity1 removal from the cavernous sinus, the infratemporal fossa, and the posterior fossa through the expanded Meckel cave.

title: Trigeminal @entity4 : removal of dumbbell-shaped XXXX through the expanded Meckel cave and outcomes of @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECT: As in @entity0 with @entity6 , advances in surgical procedures have markedly improved outcomes in @entity0 with trigeminal @entity4 . In this article the authors address the function of cranial nerves in a series of @entity0 with trigeminal @entity4 that were treated with gross-total surgical removal. The authors emphasize a technique they use to remove a dumbbell-shaped @entity1 through the expanded Meckel cave, and discuss the advantage of the extradural zygomatic middle fossa approach for total @entity1 and preservation or improvement of @entity2 . METHODS: Within an 11-year period (1989-2000), 25 @entity0 (14 female and 11 male @entity0 with a mean age of 44.4 years) with benign trigeminal @entity4 were surgically treated by the senior author (O.A.) with the aim of total @entity1 . Three @entity0 had undergone previous surgery elsewhere. @entity7 was present in all but two @entity0 . Abducent nerve paresis was present in 40%. The approach in each @entity0 was selected according to the location and size of the lesion. @entity1 were dumbbell shaped and extended into both middle and posterior fossae. All 25 @entity1 involved the cavernous sinus. The zygomatic middle fossa approach was particularly useful and was used in 14 @entity0 . The mean follow-up period was 33.12 months. In @entity0 who had not undergone previous surgery, the preoperative trigeminal sensory deficit improved in 44%, facial @entity3 decreased in 73%, and trigeminal motor deficit improved in 80%. Among @entity0 with preoperative abducent nerve paresis, recovery was attained in 63%. Three @entity0 (12%) experienced a persistent new or worse @entity2 postoperatively. @entity7 persisted in one of these @entity0 , @entity5 in another, and motor trigeminal weakness in the third @entity0 . In all @entity0 a good surgical outcome was achieved. One @entity0 died 2 years after treatment from an unrelated cause. In three @entity0 the @entity1 recurred after an average of 22.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Preservation or improvement of @entity2 can be achieved through total removal of a @entity4 , and skull base approaches are better suited to achieving this goal. The zygomatic middle fossa approach is particularly helpful and safe. It allows @entity1 removal from the cavernous sinus, the infratemporal fossa, and the posterior fossa through the expanded Meckel cave.

title: Trigeminal @entity4 : removal of dumbbell-shaped @entity1 through the expanded Meckel cave and outcomes of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Food cravings and food aversions are common during pregnancy. A mechanism that may explain these changes in food preference is taste aversion learning. Accordingly, this study examined the temporal association between the first occurrences of @entity1 , @entity2 , food cravings and food aversions during pregnancy. Ninety-nine @entity0 completed a questionnaire that asked about the occurrence, timing of first onset, duration, strength and targets of these symptoms. @entity1 and @entity2 were reported by 80% and 56% of the @entity0 , food cravings and aversions by 61% and 54% respectively. Although more @entity0 experienced both food cravings and aversions than either symptom alone, cravings and aversions were statistically unrelated. There was a significant positive correlation between week of onset of @entity1 and of aversions. In 60% of @entity0 reporting both @entity1 and food aversions, the first occurrence of each happened in the same week of pregnancy. No such association was found for cravings. These retrospective accounts provide good support for taste aversion learning as a mechanism for the development of some but not all food aversions during pregnancy. Prospective data are needed to confirm these temporal relationships and to assist understanding of the emergence of food cravings.

title: Food cravings and aversions during pregnancy: relationships with @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Food cravings and food aversions are common during pregnancy. A mechanism that may explain these changes in food preference is taste aversion learning. Accordingly, this study examined the temporal association between the first occurrences of @entity1 , @entity2 , food cravings and food aversions during pregnancy. Ninety-nine @entity0 completed a questionnaire that asked about the occurrence, timing of first onset, duration, strength and targets of these symptoms. @entity1 and @entity2 were reported by 80% and 56% of the @entity0 , food cravings and aversions by 61% and 54% respectively. Although more @entity0 experienced both food cravings and aversions than either symptom alone, cravings and aversions were statistically unrelated. There was a significant positive correlation between week of onset of @entity1 and of aversions. In 60% of @entity0 reporting both @entity1 and food aversions, the first occurrence of each happened in the same week of pregnancy. No such association was found for cravings. These retrospective accounts provide good support for taste aversion learning as a mechanism for the development of some but not all food aversions during pregnancy. Prospective data are needed to confirm these temporal relationships and to assist understanding of the emergence of food cravings.

title: Food cravings and aversions during pregnancy: relationships with XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We sequenced the protamine P1 gene (ca. 450 bp) from 20 bats (order Chiroptera) and the flying lemur (order Dermoptera). We compared these sequences with published sequences from 19 other mammals representing seven orders (Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Cetacea, Perissodactyla, Primates, Proboscidea, and Rodentia) to assess structure, base compositional bias, and phylogenetic utility. Approximately 80% of second codon positions were @entity2 , resulting in protamine proteins containing a high frequency of @entity1 residues. Our data indicate that codon usage for @entity1 differs among higher @entity0 taxa. Parsimony analysis of 40 species representing nine orders produced a well-resolved tree in which most nodes were supported strongly, except at the lowest taxonomic levels (e.g., within Artiodactyla and Vespertilionidae). These data support monophyly of several taxa proposed by morphologic and molecular studies (all nine orders: Laurasiatheria, Cetartiodactytla, Yangochiroptera, Noctilionoidea, Rhinolophoidea, Vespertilionoidea, Phyllostomidae, Natalidae, and Vespertilionidae) and, in agreement with recent molecular studies, reject monophyly of Archonta, Volitantia, and Microchiroptera. Bats were sister to a clade containing Perissodactyla, Carnivora, and Cetartiodactyla, and, although not unequivocally, rhinolophoid bats (traditional microchiropterans) were sister to megachiropterans. Sequences of the protamine P1 gene are useful for resolving relationships at and above the familial level in bats, and generally within and among @entity0 orders, but with some drawbacks. The coding and intervening sequences are small, producing few phylogenetically informative characters, and aligning the intron is difficult, even among closely related families. Given these caveats, the protamine P1 gene may be important to future systematic studies because its functional and evolutionary constraints differ from other genes currently used in systematic studies.

title: Characterization and phylogenetic utility of the XXXX protamine p1 gene.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Dialysis-related @entity5 (DRA), such as @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ), occurs in the connective tissues of @entity0 on long-term hemodialysis (HD). Recently, it was suggested that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) modified with AGEs are related to DRA. The aim of this study is to elucidate whether serum levels of @entity7 , which is an AGE, relate to the occurrence of DRA in @entity0 with long-term HD. 127 @entity1 @entity0 , with @entity6 or @entity3 and undergoing HD, were examined. Serum @entity7 was measured by the HPLC method with column switching. @entity4 and intact parathyroid hormone (i- @entity2 ) were measured. @entity7 levels were significantly elevated in the @entity6 , @entity3 , and DRA groups ( @entity0 in the DRA group had either @entity6 and/or @entity3 ). There were no significant differences in the @entity4 and i- @entity2 levels between any group. The duration of HD did not correlate with either @entity7 or @entity4 levels, but did with i- @entity2 . Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to examine the discriminatory ability of @entity7 , @entity4 , and i- @entity2 for DRA. The area under the ROC curve was the greatest for @entity7 . Serum @entity4 levels were not related with the occurrence of DRA. The fact that serum @entity7 was higher in DRA than in non-DRA indicates that it has potential as an indicator of the occurrence of DRA in long-term HD @entity0 .

title: The relationship between XXXX and hemodialysis-related connective tissue disorders.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Telomerase is believed to be induced upon proliferation and inhibited when cells differentiate. Thus, regulation of telomerase activity could be an important mechanism to limit growth of normal and @entity1 cells. Using @entity4 ( @entity4 ), which is known to control proliferation in epithelial cells, we now demonstrate that in the @entity0 HaCaT skin keratinocytes, @entity4 downregulated @entity2 , and this blocked proliferation. This also caused a decrease in @entity3 expression, which in turn inhibited telomerase activity. Overexpressing @entity3 recovered telomerase activity but not proliferation, whereas constitutive expression of @entity2 recovered proliferation and @entity3 expression. Nevertheless, telomerase remained inhibited, thus dissociating proliferation and telomerase activity. In addition, we show that @entity4 inhibited telomerase activity despite ongoing @entity3 transcription by inducing loss of the full-length @entity3 transcript (mediating telomerase activity) and retaining high expression of the inactive beta variant. These changes in the splicing pattern reversed upon @entity4 removal, as did inhibition of telomerase activity, suggesting that alternative splicing may represent a novel mechanism of telomerase regulation by @entity4 . In addition, we show that destruction of tissue integrity (in a model for epidermal blistering) resulted in a rapid induction of the inactive beta variant, whereas tissue regeneration (formation of a stratified epithelium) correlated with a shift to the active full-length transcript, which is the dominant form in intact epidermis. Thus alternative splicing may not be restricted to @entity4 but may add a more general mechanism of @entity3 regulation in epidermal cells.

title: Dual regulation of telomerase activity through XXXX -dependent inhibition and alternative splicing of @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Telomerase is believed to be induced upon proliferation and inhibited when cells differentiate. Thus, regulation of telomerase activity could be an important mechanism to limit growth of normal and @entity1 cells. Using @entity4 ( @entity4 ), which is known to control proliferation in epithelial cells, we now demonstrate that in the @entity0 HaCaT skin keratinocytes, @entity4 downregulated @entity2 , and this blocked proliferation. This also caused a decrease in @entity3 expression, which in turn inhibited telomerase activity. Overexpressing @entity3 recovered telomerase activity but not proliferation, whereas constitutive expression of @entity2 recovered proliferation and @entity3 expression. Nevertheless, telomerase remained inhibited, thus dissociating proliferation and telomerase activity. In addition, we show that @entity4 inhibited telomerase activity despite ongoing @entity3 transcription by inducing loss of the full-length @entity3 transcript (mediating telomerase activity) and retaining high expression of the inactive beta variant. These changes in the splicing pattern reversed upon @entity4 removal, as did inhibition of telomerase activity, suggesting that alternative splicing may represent a novel mechanism of telomerase regulation by @entity4 . In addition, we show that destruction of tissue integrity (in a model for epidermal blistering) resulted in a rapid induction of the inactive beta variant, whereas tissue regeneration (formation of a stratified epithelium) correlated with a shift to the active full-length transcript, which is the dominant form in intact epidermis. Thus alternative splicing may not be restricted to @entity4 but may add a more general mechanism of @entity3 regulation in epidermal cells.

title: Dual regulation of telomerase activity through @entity2 -dependent inhibition and alternative splicing of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 proteins (regulators of G protein signaling) are a diverse family of proteins that act to negatively regulate signaling by heterotrimeric G proteins. Initially characterized as GTPase-activating proteins for Galpha subunits, recent data have implied additional functions for @entity1 proteins. We previously identified an @entity1 protein (termed RGSZ1) whose expression is quite specific to neuronal tissue (Glick, J. L., Meigs, T. E., Miron, A., and Casey, P. J. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 26008-26013). In a continuing effort to understand the role of RGSZ1 in cellular signaling, the yeast two-hybrid system was employed to identify potential effector proteins of RGSZ1. The microtubule-destabilizing protein @entity2 (superior cervical ganglia, neural specific 10) was found to directly interact with RGSZ1 in the @entity0 system, and this interaction was further verified using direct binding assays. Treatment of PC12 cells with nerve growth factor resulted in Golgi-specific distribution of @entity2 . A green fluorescent protein-tagged variant of RGSZ1 translocated to the Golgi complex upon treatment of PC12 cells with nerve growth factor, providing evidence that RGSZ1 and @entity2 interact in cells as well as in vitro. Analysis of in vitro microtubule polymerization/depolymerization showed that binding of RGSZ1 to @entity2 effectively blocked the ability of @entity2 to induce microtubule disassembly as determined by both turbidimetric and microscopy-based assays. These results identify a novel connection between @entity1 proteins and the cytoskeletal network that points to a broader role than previously envisioned for @entity1 proteins in regulating biological processes.

title: The interaction of RGSZ1 with XXXX attenuates the ability of @entity2 to promote microtubule disassembly.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 proteins (regulators of G protein signaling) are a diverse family of proteins that act to negatively regulate signaling by heterotrimeric G proteins. Initially characterized as GTPase-activating proteins for Galpha subunits, recent data have implied additional functions for @entity1 proteins. We previously identified an @entity1 protein (termed RGSZ1) whose expression is quite specific to neuronal tissue (Glick, J. L., Meigs, T. E., Miron, A., and Casey, P. J. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 26008-26013). In a continuing effort to understand the role of RGSZ1 in cellular signaling, the yeast two-hybrid system was employed to identify potential effector proteins of RGSZ1. The microtubule-destabilizing protein @entity2 (superior cervical ganglia, neural specific 10) was found to directly interact with RGSZ1 in the @entity0 system, and this interaction was further verified using direct binding assays. Treatment of PC12 cells with nerve growth factor resulted in Golgi-specific distribution of @entity2 . A green fluorescent protein-tagged variant of RGSZ1 translocated to the Golgi complex upon treatment of PC12 cells with nerve growth factor, providing evidence that RGSZ1 and @entity2 interact in cells as well as in vitro. Analysis of in vitro microtubule polymerization/depolymerization showed that binding of RGSZ1 to @entity2 effectively blocked the ability of @entity2 to induce microtubule disassembly as determined by both turbidimetric and microscopy-based assays. These results identify a novel connection between @entity1 proteins and the cytoskeletal network that points to a broader role than previously envisioned for @entity1 proteins in regulating biological processes.

title: The interaction of RGSZ1 with @entity2 attenuates the ability of XXXX to promote microtubule disassembly.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study is a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 67 very low birth weight @entity0 (VLBWI) with symptomatic @entity2 ( @entity2 ); all were admitted to four neonatal intensive care units (NICU) from January 1, 1996 through December 31, 1996. The mean gestational age was 27.9 +/- 2.4 weeks, the mean birth weight was 1078 +/- 193 g. Fifty-six @entity0 (83.6%) had @entity5 , and 53 @entity0 (79%) received artificial surfactant. The NICU at a regional hospital used CVD score > or =3 as the sole criteria and the remaining three NICUs used color Doppler echocardiogram to confirm a symptomatic @entity2 and to treat it; sometimes LA/AO > or = 1.3 was used as the criteria for @entity3 treatment. Two of these three hospitals sometimes used the pulsed Doppler echocardiogram as well as color Doppler examination as the treatment criteria. Seven @entity0 (10.5%) had contraindication for @entity3 treatment; four of them closed after conservative treatment, and another three were subjected to surgical ligation. Of the remaining 60 @entity0 , 3 were treated with oral @entity3 and 57 were treated with intravenous @entity3 . The mean age when initial treatment given was 3.8 +/- 1.5 days (range, 8 hours approximately 20 days). Among them 10 (16.7%) were within 24 hours after birth, 25 (41.7%) were between 24 and 48 hours, and 25 (41.7%) were beyond 48 hours. The dosage of @entity3 was 0.2 mg/kg per dose intravenously every 12 to 24 hours for three doses as a full course, if not contraindicated. The mean dose of @entity3 was 2.8 +/- 1.5; 10 @entity0 (16.7%) received 1 dose, 15 (25%) received 2 doses, 27 (45%) received 3 doses, 3 (5%) received 4 doses and 5 (8.3%) received 6 doses. Among them, 51 @entity0 (85%) @entity2 closed (including 2 treated with oral @entity3 ), 9 (15%) failed to close and 6 of them received surgical ligation (including 1 treated with oral @entity3 ). The complications associated with @entity3 treatment were @entity4 (52%), decreased urine output (42%) and @entity1 (32%). The @entity0 with @entity5 had an earlier mean age of initial treatment than non- @entity5 @entity0 (3.3 +/- 2.5 vs. 7.6 +/- 5.6 days; p < 0.05), and also had a higher closure rate (89% vs. 57%; p < 0.05). There was a closure rate of 85% in this multicenter retrospective analysis. Even though the @entity0 received only one or two doses, they still had a good chance of ductal closure (21/25, 84%). To minimize the complications associated with @entity3 treatment in VLBWI, the protocol of @entity3 treatment should be re-evaluated.

title: A survey on the treatment strategy of XXXX in very low-birth-weight @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study is a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 67 very low birth weight @entity0 (VLBWI) with symptomatic @entity2 ( @entity2 ); all were admitted to four neonatal intensive care units (NICU) from January 1, 1996 through December 31, 1996. The mean gestational age was 27.9 +/- 2.4 weeks, the mean birth weight was 1078 +/- 193 g. Fifty-six @entity0 (83.6%) had @entity5 , and 53 @entity0 (79%) received artificial surfactant. The NICU at a regional hospital used CVD score > or =3 as the sole criteria and the remaining three NICUs used color Doppler echocardiogram to confirm a symptomatic @entity2 and to treat it; sometimes LA/AO > or = 1.3 was used as the criteria for @entity3 treatment. Two of these three hospitals sometimes used the pulsed Doppler echocardiogram as well as color Doppler examination as the treatment criteria. Seven @entity0 (10.5%) had contraindication for @entity3 treatment; four of them closed after conservative treatment, and another three were subjected to surgical ligation. Of the remaining 60 @entity0 , 3 were treated with oral @entity3 and 57 were treated with intravenous @entity3 . The mean age when initial treatment given was 3.8 +/- 1.5 days (range, 8 hours approximately 20 days). Among them 10 (16.7%) were within 24 hours after birth, 25 (41.7%) were between 24 and 48 hours, and 25 (41.7%) were beyond 48 hours. The dosage of @entity3 was 0.2 mg/kg per dose intravenously every 12 to 24 hours for three doses as a full course, if not contraindicated. The mean dose of @entity3 was 2.8 +/- 1.5; 10 @entity0 (16.7%) received 1 dose, 15 (25%) received 2 doses, 27 (45%) received 3 doses, 3 (5%) received 4 doses and 5 (8.3%) received 6 doses. Among them, 51 @entity0 (85%) @entity2 closed (including 2 treated with oral @entity3 ), 9 (15%) failed to close and 6 of them received surgical ligation (including 1 treated with oral @entity3 ). The complications associated with @entity3 treatment were @entity4 (52%), decreased urine output (42%) and @entity1 (32%). The @entity0 with @entity5 had an earlier mean age of initial treatment than non- @entity5 @entity0 (3.3 +/- 2.5 vs. 7.6 +/- 5.6 days; p < 0.05), and also had a higher closure rate (89% vs. 57%; p < 0.05). There was a closure rate of 85% in this multicenter retrospective analysis. Even though the @entity0 received only one or two doses, they still had a good chance of ductal closure (21/25, 84%). To minimize the complications associated with @entity3 treatment in VLBWI, the protocol of @entity3 treatment should be re-evaluated.

title: A survey on the treatment strategy of @entity2 in very low-birth-weight XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: As a part of the German Environmental Surveys performed in 1985/86 (West Germany), 1990/91 (West Germany) and 1991/92 (East Germany), dust samples were collected in the households of about 1600 randomly selected adults (25 to 69 years) and an analysis of these samples was performed in respect of their content of 8 different @entity0 and of the synergist @entity8 ( @entity7 ). In the 1990-92 survey about 90% of the samples contained @entity1 in concentrations above the limit of quantification. This showed @entity1 to be the most widespread of the 8 compounds investigated. The geometric mean of the @entity1 content in domestic dust was 0.22 mg/kg. Only about 8% of the samples contained one or more of the other investigated substances ( @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity6 ) in quantifiable amounts. About 76% of the samples contained quantifiable amounts of @entity7 . In East Germany the geometric mean of the @entity7 content (0.21 mg/kg) was significantly higher than in West Germany (0.07 mg/kg), but no difference for @entity1 was found. Significant associations could be shown for the @entity1 content and the application of biocides as well as for the @entity7 content and regional factors (size of community, type of dwelling area). Samples collected in 1985/86 (West Germany) showed a geometric mean for @entity1 of 0.06 mg/kg and for @entity7 of 0.07 mg/kg. Comparing the values of 1985/86 and 1990/91, a significant increase can be observed for @entity1 , whereas the @entity7 concentration remained constant.

title: [ XXXX in house dust of the German housing population--results of 2 nationwide cross-sectional studies].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 was withdrawn from the U.S. market in 1997 because of its association with @entity3 in adults. The combination of @entity8 and @entity9 had been widely used to promote @entity4 , and many @entity0 were inadvertently exposed during the first trimester of pregnancy. The possible effect on the developing fetus has not been studied. METHODS: Controlled prospective cohort study comparing 98 @entity0 who had taken @entity9 / @entity8 to 233 @entity0 who had not, all of whom contacted the California Teratogen Information Service during pregnancy. RESULTS: The proportion of liveborn @entity0 with @entity7 was similar in the two groups (3.6% vs. 1.0%, relative risk (RR) 3.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61, 21.10), as was the proportion of @entity0 with >or=3 @entity2 (11.7% vs. 7.6%, RR 1.53; 95% CI 0.61, 3.82). Furthermore, no pattern of @entity6 was identified. There were no significant differences between the groups in spontaneous @entity5 (6.1% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.65) or premature delivery (8.6% vs. 7.7%, P = 0.95). Birth weight and head circumference were significantly increased in the exposed group; however, these differences were not associated with anorexiant use itself. The rate of gestational @entity1 was significantly increased in pregnant @entity0 who took @entity9 / @entity8 during the first trimester of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Although it is not possible from this study to rule out weak to moderate associations, the lack of an increased risk of spontaneous @entity5 , and major or @entity2 in the offspring of @entity0 who took @entity9 / @entity8 at the recommended daily dose during the first trimester of pregnancy is reassuring.

title: Pregnancy outcomes after first trimester exposure to XXXX / @entity8 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 was withdrawn from the U.S. market in 1997 because of its association with @entity3 in adults. The combination of @entity8 and @entity9 had been widely used to promote @entity4 , and many @entity0 were inadvertently exposed during the first trimester of pregnancy. The possible effect on the developing fetus has not been studied. METHODS: Controlled prospective cohort study comparing 98 @entity0 who had taken @entity9 / @entity8 to 233 @entity0 who had not, all of whom contacted the California Teratogen Information Service during pregnancy. RESULTS: The proportion of liveborn @entity0 with @entity7 was similar in the two groups (3.6% vs. 1.0%, relative risk (RR) 3.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61, 21.10), as was the proportion of @entity0 with >or=3 @entity2 (11.7% vs. 7.6%, RR 1.53; 95% CI 0.61, 3.82). Furthermore, no pattern of @entity6 was identified. There were no significant differences between the groups in spontaneous @entity5 (6.1% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.65) or premature delivery (8.6% vs. 7.7%, P = 0.95). Birth weight and head circumference were significantly increased in the exposed group; however, these differences were not associated with anorexiant use itself. The rate of gestational @entity1 was significantly increased in pregnant @entity0 who took @entity9 / @entity8 during the first trimester of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Although it is not possible from this study to rule out weak to moderate associations, the lack of an increased risk of spontaneous @entity5 , and major or @entity2 in the offspring of @entity0 who took @entity9 / @entity8 at the recommended daily dose during the first trimester of pregnancy is reassuring.

title: Pregnancy outcomes after first trimester exposure to @entity9 / XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The functional outcome and factors influencing improvement after pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction are still debated. This retrospective study was aimed at evaluating the factors associated with functional improvement in symptomatic unilateral @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity0 (n = 68) who underwent successful pyeloplasty for unilateral symptomatic UPJ obstruction without any other associated urological abnormality were included. Preoperative evaluation included a diuretic renogram (DR) to confirm obstruction and assess the @entity1 ( @entity1 ). A follow-up DR was obtained 3 months and 1, 2, and 5 years postoperatively. An absolute increase in the differential function of the operated kidney by over 5% was considered significant; such kidneys were classified as improved (group A) and the others as unimproved (group B). The difference between the preoperative and 3-month @entity1 was highly significant (P < 0.001). Significant (P < 0.01) improvement in @entity1 continued until 1 year after pyeloplasty. @entity0 who presented with a mass had significantly greater improvement (P < 0.05) than those who presented with other clinical features. In group A, a significantly higher number of @entity0 presented with a mass. It was also evident that @entity0 aged less than 1 year showed significantly greater (P < 0.01) improvement in @entity1 than older @entity0 . Thus, in unilateral symptomatic @entity2 with impaired function, @entity0 who present with a mass or those in whom pyeloplasty was performed before 1 year of age showed significantly greater improvement.

title: Functional outcome after pyeloplasty for unilateral symptomatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the value of hemodynamic changes induced by carotid sinus massage (CSM) on the diagnosis of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). A total 108 @entity0 (mean age, 54 +/- 10 years, range 33-70) who had no significant @entity3 in the carotid artery by duplex ultrasonography (USG) and no history of @entity4 were included in this study. Carotid sinus massage was performed before coronary angiography with monitoring of electrocardiography and blood pressure. The @entity0 were divided into three groups according to response to CSM: group 1 @entity0 had a decrease in blood pressure or < 10 beats/minute (bpm); group 2 @entity0 had a decrease between 10 and 20 bpm; and group 3 @entity0 had > 20 mm Hg decrease in blood pressure or > 20 bpm. Coronary angiography was performed after CSM in all @entity0 . There was @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in 23 cases, two- @entity1 in 24 cases, and three- @entity1 in 35 cases. Coronary angiography results were normal in 26 cases. The changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate before and after CSM correlated with number of @entity1 . These changes were highest in @entity0 with three- @entity1 , but lowest in @entity0 with normal coronary angiography. The number of diseased vessels and total coronary artery score were lowest in group 1, but highest in group 3. The specificity and sensitivity of CSM-induced > 10 mm Hg in blood pressure (BP) or > 10 bpm changes in heart rate in the diagnosis of @entity2 were 85% and 71%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 93% and 49%, respectively in the diagnosis of @entity2 . At the end of this study, we concluded that CSM induced the fall in blood pressure and heart rate and was correlated with number of diseased vessels and the score of @entity2 . As dichotomized values, the decrease of > 10 mm Hg in blood pressure and/or > 10 bpm has highest specificity, sensitivity, and positive predictive value in the diagnosis of @entity2 .

title: The value of hemodynamic changes induced by carotid sinus massage on the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Some proximal femur geometry (PFG) parameters, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), have been reported to discriminate subjects with @entity2 . Relatively few studies have tested their ability to discriminate @entity6 from those of the trochanter. To this end we performed a cross-sectional study in a population of 547 menopausal @entity0 over 69 years of age with @entity6 (n = 88), @entity2 (n = 93) or controls (n = 366). @entity4 length (HAL), neck-shaft angle (NSA), @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and femoral shaft diameter (FSD) were measured by DXA, as well as the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of the nonfractured hip at the femoral neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle. In fractured subjects, @entity1 was lower at each measurement site. HAL was longer and NSA wider in those with @entity6 . With logistic regression the age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease in @entity1 was significantly associated at each measurement site with @entity6 (femoral neck @entity1 : OR 1.9, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.4-2.5; trochanter @entity1 : OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.0; Ward's triangle @entity1 : OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.2) and trochanteric @entity3 (femoral neck @entity1 : OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.9-3.6; trochanter @entity1 : OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.2-4.1; Ward's triangle @entity1 : OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.3). Age-adjusted OR for 1 SD increases in NSA (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.7-2.8) and HAL (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6) was significantly associated with the @entity3 risk only for @entity6 . In the best predictive model the strongest predictors were site-matched @entity1 for both @entity3 types and NSA for neck @entity3 . Trochanteric @entity1 had the greatest area (0.78, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) 0.02) under the receiver operating characteristic curve in @entity2 , whereas for NSA (0.72, @entity5 0.03) this area was greatest in @entity6 . These results confirm the association of @entity1 with @entity3 and support the evidence that PFG plays a significant role only in neck @entity3 prediction, since NSA is the best predictive parameter among those tested.

title: Proximal femur geometry to detect and distinguish @entity6 from XXXX in postmenopausal @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Some proximal femur geometry (PFG) parameters, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), have been reported to discriminate subjects with @entity2 . Relatively few studies have tested their ability to discriminate @entity6 from those of the trochanter. To this end we performed a cross-sectional study in a population of 547 menopausal @entity0 over 69 years of age with @entity6 (n = 88), @entity2 (n = 93) or controls (n = 366). @entity4 length (HAL), neck-shaft angle (NSA), @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and femoral shaft diameter (FSD) were measured by DXA, as well as the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of the nonfractured hip at the femoral neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle. In fractured subjects, @entity1 was lower at each measurement site. HAL was longer and NSA wider in those with @entity6 . With logistic regression the age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease in @entity1 was significantly associated at each measurement site with @entity6 (femoral neck @entity1 : OR 1.9, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.4-2.5; trochanter @entity1 : OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.0; Ward's triangle @entity1 : OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.2) and trochanteric @entity3 (femoral neck @entity1 : OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.9-3.6; trochanter @entity1 : OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.2-4.1; Ward's triangle @entity1 : OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.3). Age-adjusted OR for 1 SD increases in NSA (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.7-2.8) and HAL (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6) was significantly associated with the @entity3 risk only for @entity6 . In the best predictive model the strongest predictors were site-matched @entity1 for both @entity3 types and NSA for neck @entity3 . Trochanteric @entity1 had the greatest area (0.78, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) 0.02) under the receiver operating characteristic curve in @entity2 , whereas for NSA (0.72, @entity5 0.03) this area was greatest in @entity6 . These results confirm the association of @entity1 with @entity3 and support the evidence that PFG plays a significant role only in neck @entity3 prediction, since NSA is the best predictive parameter among those tested.

title: Proximal femur geometry to detect and distinguish XXXX from @entity2 in postmenopausal @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Some proximal femur geometry (PFG) parameters, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), have been reported to discriminate subjects with @entity2 . Relatively few studies have tested their ability to discriminate @entity6 from those of the trochanter. To this end we performed a cross-sectional study in a population of 547 menopausal @entity0 over 69 years of age with @entity6 (n = 88), @entity2 (n = 93) or controls (n = 366). @entity4 length (HAL), neck-shaft angle (NSA), @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and femoral shaft diameter (FSD) were measured by DXA, as well as the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of the nonfractured hip at the femoral neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle. In fractured subjects, @entity1 was lower at each measurement site. HAL was longer and NSA wider in those with @entity6 . With logistic regression the age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease in @entity1 was significantly associated at each measurement site with @entity6 (femoral neck @entity1 : OR 1.9, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.4-2.5; trochanter @entity1 : OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.0; Ward's triangle @entity1 : OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.2) and trochanteric @entity3 (femoral neck @entity1 : OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.9-3.6; trochanter @entity1 : OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.2-4.1; Ward's triangle @entity1 : OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.3). Age-adjusted OR for 1 SD increases in NSA (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.7-2.8) and HAL (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6) was significantly associated with the @entity3 risk only for @entity6 . In the best predictive model the strongest predictors were site-matched @entity1 for both @entity3 types and NSA for neck @entity3 . Trochanteric @entity1 had the greatest area (0.78, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) 0.02) under the receiver operating characteristic curve in @entity2 , whereas for NSA (0.72, @entity5 0.03) this area was greatest in @entity6 . These results confirm the association of @entity1 with @entity3 and support the evidence that PFG plays a significant role only in neck @entity3 prediction, since NSA is the best predictive parameter among those tested.

title: Proximal femur geometry to detect and distinguish @entity6 from @entity2 in postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: To utilize soy protein isolate (SPI) more widely, a convenient and effective method for deodorizing it is required. This paper reports a new deodorizing method using various types of solid adsorbents made of @entity0 , @entity5 , and @entity4 , as well as charcoal. Treatment of the SPI solution with them decreased the @entity3 content in the solution, whereas the content of @entity2 was not much decreased. A brominated @entity0 adsorbent (SEPABEADS SP207) and a @entity4 adsorbent (HSZ-360HUD) removed @entity3 most effectively, although 30-40% of the total @entity3 remained. A model experiment showed that their @entity3 adsorption capacity was much higher than the @entity3 content in the SPI solution and that an excess amount of @entity3 added to the SPI solution was mostly removed by them. These results suggest that @entity3 in the SPI solution can be classified into two types. @entity3 of type I may be free or bound weakly on the surface of proteins and is removable by the adsorbents, whereas @entity3 of type II may be bound tightly inside proteins and is unremovable by the adsorbents. Despite the considerable amount of @entity3 remaining in the SPI solution even in the most successful cases, the SPI solution was well deodorized as shown by the sensory test. Accordingly, type I @entity3 may be closely related to the @entity1 odor. Removal of @entity3 by the adsorbents was not much improved by alpha-chymotryptic digestion of SPI. Type II @entity3 might be in similar states even in the chymotryptic digests.

title: Deodorization of XXXX proteins by enzymatic and physicochemical treatments.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in @entity0 with unilateral peripheral @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Ten @entity0 and 15 healthy subjects were studied using magnetic search coils. Subjects made sinusoidal +/-10 degrees head-on-body rotations in yaw, pitch, and roll in darkness and during monocular viewing in light. RESULTS: Horizontal VOR and visually enhanced VOR (VVOR) gains of the paretic eye were decreased during both abduction and adduction. Vertical VOR and VVOR gains of the paretic eye were decreased during both elevation and @entity1 . Dynamic and static torsional VOR and VVOR gains of the paretic eye were reduced during both excyclotorsion and incyclotorsion. Horizontal, vertical, and torsional VOR and VVOR gains were normal in the nonparetic eye. CONCLUSIONS: Adducting VOR gains were reduced as anticipated from medial rectus palsy. Abducting gains were also reduced; the reduction is attributed to an adaptive decrease in innervation to the lateral rectus to achieve symmetry of the horizontal VOR in the paretic eye. Torsional VOR gains were reduced during excyclotorsion from palsy of the inferior oblique muscle. Gains were also reduced during incyclotorsion, which can be explained by an adaptive decrease in innervation to the superior oblique to restore symmetry of the torsional VOR in the paretic eye. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Monocular adaptation in the VOR of the paretic eye reduces asymmetrical movement of retinal images during head motion, prevents @entity2 , and reduces retinal image disparity.

title: Adaptations and deficits in the vestibulo-ocular reflex after XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Lipid apheresis (extracorporeal lipoprotein elimination) is administered to @entity0 with @entity3 who fail to respond to standard therapy. The nature of the treatment process raises the suspicion that it decreases not only @entity1 but also antioxidants. A group of 12 @entity0 (average age 47  17 y, 4 homozygous and 8 heterozygous individuals) with @entity3 treated by LDL-apheresis or rheohaemapheresis for 3-12 y was included in the study. In addition to @entity1 and @entity5 levels, @entity2 and @entity4 and also other markers of antioxidant activity were investigated. Nevertheless, the most important determined parameter was the @entity2 / @entity1 ratio in serum and lipoproteins. The results indicate that both extracorporeal elimination methods are effective and suitable ways to treat severe @entity3 , as the LDL fraction of @entity1 decreased by approximately 77% and 66% following LDL-apheresis and rheohaemapheresis, respectively. In addition, the serum @entity2 decreased by 54% and 57% and the decrease of the serum @entity4 was approximately 20%. However, the main marker of antioxidant capacity, @entity2 / @entity1 ratio, in the serum, VLDL and LDL significantly increased. The increase of @entity2 levels in the erythrocyte membranes of 2% following LDL-apheresis and a significant increase of 4% following rheohaemapheresis were confirmed. The presented results indicate that LDL-apheresis and rheohaemapheresis can be considered to be safe procedures according to the antioxidant capacity of the serum, VLDL and LDL lipoprotein fractions and the erythrocyte membrane.

title: The Effect of LDL-Apheresis and Rheohaemapheresis Treatment on XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 antibiotics are "the drug of choice" for treating many @entity4 , but their administration results in @entity1 in up to one fourth of the @entity0 who receive them. Several biochemical pathways have been implicated in @entity5 antibiotic @entity3 ; however, little is known about how hair cells respond to @entity5 antibiotics at the transcriptome level. Here we have investigated the genome-wide response to the @entity5 antibiotic @entity2 . Using organotypic cultures of the perinatal organ of Corti, we performed RNA sequencing using cDNA libraries obtained from @entity6 -purified hair cells. Within 3 h of @entity2 treatment, the messenger RNA level of more than three thousand genes in hair cells changed significantly. Bioinformatic analysis of these changes highlighted several known signal transduction pathways, including the @entity7 pathway and the NF-kB pathway, in addition to genes involved in the stress response, apoptosis, cell cycle control, and DNA damage repair. In contrast, only 698 genes, mainly involved in cell cycle and metabolite biosynthetic processes, were significantly affected in the non-hair cell population. The gene expression profiles of hair cells in response to @entity2 share a considerable similarity with those previously observed in @entity2 -induced nephrotoxicity. Our findings suggest that previously observed early responses to @entity2 in hair cells in specific signaling pathways are reflected in changes in gene expression. Additionally, the observed changes in gene expression of cell cycle regulatory genes indicate a disruption of the postmitotic state, which may suggest an alternate pathway regulating @entity2 -induced apoptotic hair cell death. This work provides a more comprehensive view of @entity5 antibiotic @entity3 , and thus contributes to identifying potential pathways or therapeutic targets to alleviate this important side effect of @entity5 antibiotics.

title: Early transcriptional response to XXXX antibiotic suggests alternate pathways leading to apoptosis in sensory hair cells in the mouse inner ear.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies document an underuse of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 , despite their proven efficacy and good tolerability. Also, there is some evidence that the doses used in clinical practice are far lower than those used in clinical trials. METHODS AND RESULTS: To identify patterns of ACEI use in @entity2 @entity0 this study examined data collected on admission day regarding demographic, clinical, and medical care characteristics of 355 @entity0 hospitalized because of decompensated @entity2 who were treated with and without ACEIs. Additionally, measures of in-hospital outcome were compared among the two groups. Fifty-eight point six percent of @entity0 were receiving ACEIs at admission and 80.6% were treated with ACEIs during hospitalization. The average ACEI does was low. No differences were observed in age and measures of severity of @entity2 between ACEI-prescribed and nonprescribed @entity0 . Patterns that could explain ACEI underuse included female sex, lower systolic blood pressure, worse renal function, @entity3 , use of alternate drugs (eg, @entity4 ), and overall less intense medical management. Patterns associated with the use of lower doses of ACEIs included older age, higher New York Heart Association functional class, and lower systolic blood pressure. In-hospital death rates were significantly higher for @entity0 not treated with ACEIs. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that many @entity0 eligible for ACEI treatment were deprived of the advantages of these drugs because of erroneous clinical strategies. Nevertheless, the patterns of ACEI use were similar to those reported by other studies. Clinical trials conducted to determine the risk/benefit ratio of ACEI use in @entity0 with @entity1 and the utility of ACEIs in diastolic @entity2 , as well as programs to educate care providers on proper use of ACEIs in @entity2 @entity0 , are strongly recommended.

title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in XXXX : physicians' prescribing behavior.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Angiography has major limitations in its ability to assess @entity1 . @entity7 ( @entity7 ) offers unique capabilities to assess @entity3 . The tomographic orientation of ultrasound enables visualization of the full vessel wall, as opposed to the 2-dimensional projection of the lumen provided by angiography. The equipment required to perform coronary @entity7 consists of a catheter with a miniaturized transducer and a console to reconstruct the image. High ultrasound frequencies are used, typically, 30 to 40 MHz, which provides excellent theoretical resolution. @entity7 has been performed safely in a wide variety of clinical situations. Vessels with classic @entity4 exhibit a diversity of abnormal features that reflect the severity, composition, and distribution of the atheromata. @entity2 is sometimes evident in ultrasound examination of the culprit lesions after an @entity5 . Most laboratories routinely perform cross-sectional area measurements of the lumen and external elastic membrane boundaries and calculate @entity6 area. @entity7 commonly detects @entity4 at angiographically normal sites. It has contributed substantially to our understanding of remodeling and has shown that positive remodeling is more prevalent in unstable lesions. Studies in @entity0 early after transplantation have shown the presence of advanced @entity4 in their apparently normal donors. In addition, the application of @entity7 in detecting the rate of progression or regression of existing @entity4 is among the most dynamic areas of development. @entity7 is likely to emerge as the "gold standard" in the study of @entity4 progression-regression over the next few years.

title: Application of intravascular ultrasound to characterize XXXX and assess the progression or regression of @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Angiography has major limitations in its ability to assess @entity1 . @entity7 ( @entity7 ) offers unique capabilities to assess @entity3 . The tomographic orientation of ultrasound enables visualization of the full vessel wall, as opposed to the 2-dimensional projection of the lumen provided by angiography. The equipment required to perform coronary @entity7 consists of a catheter with a miniaturized transducer and a console to reconstruct the image. High ultrasound frequencies are used, typically, 30 to 40 MHz, which provides excellent theoretical resolution. @entity7 has been performed safely in a wide variety of clinical situations. Vessels with classic @entity4 exhibit a diversity of abnormal features that reflect the severity, composition, and distribution of the atheromata. @entity2 is sometimes evident in ultrasound examination of the culprit lesions after an @entity5 . Most laboratories routinely perform cross-sectional area measurements of the lumen and external elastic membrane boundaries and calculate @entity6 area. @entity7 commonly detects @entity4 at angiographically normal sites. It has contributed substantially to our understanding of remodeling and has shown that positive remodeling is more prevalent in unstable lesions. Studies in @entity0 early after transplantation have shown the presence of advanced @entity4 in their apparently normal donors. In addition, the application of @entity7 in detecting the rate of progression or regression of existing @entity4 is among the most dynamic areas of development. @entity7 is likely to emerge as the "gold standard" in the study of @entity4 progression-regression over the next few years.

title: Application of intravascular ultrasound to characterize @entity3 and assess the progression or regression of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity2 ) is a category of disease defined by radiological, clinical and hepatic function parameters, comprehending a wide range of @entity0 with different general conditions. The main therapeutic option is represented by @entity3 treatment, a multi-kinase inhibitor with anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effect. Trans-arterial Radio Embolization also represents a promising new approach to intermediate/advanced @entity2 . Post-marketing clinical studies showed that only a portion of @entity0 actually benefits from @entity3 treatment, and an even smaller percentage of @entity0 treated shows partial/complete response on follow-up examinations, up against relevant costs and an incidence of drug related adverse effects. Although the treatment with @entity3 has shown a significant increase in mean overall survival in different studies, only a part of @entity0 actually shows real benefits, while the incidence of drug related significant adverse effects and the economic costs are relatively high. Moreover, only a small percentage of @entity0 also shows a response in terms of lesion dimensions reduction. Being able to properly differentiate @entity0 who are responding to the therapy from non-responders as early as possible is then still difficult and could be a pivotal challenge for the future; in fact it could spare several @entity0 a therapy often difficult to bear, directing them to other second line treatments (many of which are at the moment still under investigation). For this reason, some supplemental criteria to be added to the standard modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors evaluation are being searched for. In particular, finding some parameters (cellular density, perfusion grade and enhancement rate) able to predict the sensitivity of the lesions to anti-angiogenic agents could help in stratifying @entity0 in terms of treatment responsiveness before the beginning of the therapy itself, or in the first weeks of @entity3 treatment. This would bring a strongly desirable help in clinical managements of these @entity0 .

title: @entity2 and XXXX : Diagnosis, indications, clinical and radiological follow-up.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity2 ) is a category of disease defined by radiological, clinical and hepatic function parameters, comprehending a wide range of @entity0 with different general conditions. The main therapeutic option is represented by @entity3 treatment, a multi-kinase inhibitor with anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effect. Trans-arterial Radio Embolization also represents a promising new approach to intermediate/advanced @entity2 . Post-marketing clinical studies showed that only a portion of @entity0 actually benefits from @entity3 treatment, and an even smaller percentage of @entity0 treated shows partial/complete response on follow-up examinations, up against relevant costs and an incidence of drug related adverse effects. Although the treatment with @entity3 has shown a significant increase in mean overall survival in different studies, only a part of @entity0 actually shows real benefits, while the incidence of drug related significant adverse effects and the economic costs are relatively high. Moreover, only a small percentage of @entity0 also shows a response in terms of lesion dimensions reduction. Being able to properly differentiate @entity0 who are responding to the therapy from non-responders as early as possible is then still difficult and could be a pivotal challenge for the future; in fact it could spare several @entity0 a therapy often difficult to bear, directing them to other second line treatments (many of which are at the moment still under investigation). For this reason, some supplemental criteria to be added to the standard modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors evaluation are being searched for. In particular, finding some parameters (cellular density, perfusion grade and enhancement rate) able to predict the sensitivity of the lesions to anti-angiogenic agents could help in stratifying @entity0 in terms of treatment responsiveness before the beginning of the therapy itself, or in the first weeks of @entity3 treatment. This would bring a strongly desirable help in clinical managements of these @entity0 .

title: XXXX and @entity3 : Diagnosis, indications, clinical and radiological follow-up.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study investigated the role of maternal behavior on the long-term effects of postnatal manipulation (15 min of daily separation from the dam and exposure to clean bedding from Day 1 to Day 14 of postnatal life) on emotionality in the @entity1 . Mothers were treated with an antianxiety agent ( @entity3 : 5 mg/kg), daily upon removal of the litter from the nest. Emotionality in adult offspring was tested in the elevated plus maze. @entity1 manipulated during postnatal development were more explorative and less anxious than unhandled @entity1 , but this effect was not observable in the offspring of @entity3 -treated dams. No effect of maternal @entity3 was observed in unhandled offspring. The pharmacological treatment of the mother did not affect either @entity4 during separation, or maternal behavior far apart from the daily manipulation sessions. By contrast, @entity3 -treated dams were less responsive toward pups upon reunion following daily separation. This alteration of dams' behavior was not related to alterations in the amount of ultrasonic calls emitted by pups during reunion. Finally, when dams were daily injected with @entity3 far apart from pups' removal, the pharmacological treatment was devoid of effects. These results support the view that the mother- @entity0 interaction which follows separation plays a major role in determining the effects of postnatal manipulations on @entity2 .

title: Long-term effects of postnatal manipulation on emotionality are prevented by maternal anxiolytic treatment in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate arterial morphology and function in a national cohort of long-term survivors of high-risk @entity6 ( @entity6 ) treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with or without @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Common carotid, femoral, brachial, and radial artery morphology were assessed with very-high-resolution vascular ultrasound (25-55 MHz), and carotid artery stiffness and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation measured with conventional vascular ultrasound in 19 adult or pubertal (age 22.7    4.9 years, range 16-30) @entity6 survivors transplanted during 1984-1999 at the mean age of 2.5    1.0 years. Results were compared with 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The cardiovascular risk assessment included history, body mass index, fasting plasma lipids, @entity5 , and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP). The survivors had consistently smaller arterial lumens, increased carotid @entity1 ( @entity1 ), plaque formation (N = 3), and stiffness, as well as increased radial artery intima thickness (N = 5) compared with the control group. Survivors displayed higher plasma @entity4 and @entity2 levels, and increased heart rate, as well as increased systolic and diastolic BPs. @entity3 (N = 10) and a low body surface area were independent predictors for decreased arterial lumen size and increased @entity1 . Three out of five survivors with subclinical intima thickening had arterial plaques. Plaques occurred only among @entity3 -treated survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term childhood @entity0 survivors treated with @entity3 during early childhood display significant signs of premature arterial aging during young adulthood.

title: Radiotherapy-related arterial intima thickening and plaque formation in childhood XXXX survivors detected with very-high resolution ultrasound during young adulthood.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Infections of the prostate by bacteria, @entity0 papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses, xenotropic @entity2 @entity5 virus (MLV)-related gammaretroviruses, @entity0 cytomegaloviruses and other members of the herpesvirus family have been widely researched. However, many studies have yielded conflicting and controversial results. In this study, we systematically investigated the transcriptomes of @entity0 prostate samples for the unique genomic signatures of these pathogens using RNA-seq data from both western and Chinese @entity0 . @entity0 and nonhuman RNA-seq reads were mapped onto @entity0 and pathogen reference genomes respectively using alignment tools Bowtie and BLAT. Pathogen infections and integrations were analyzed in adherence with the standards from published studies. Among the nine pathogens ( @entity7 , HPV, HCMV, XMRV, @entity8 , JCV, SV40, EBV, and @entity3 ) we analyzed, @entity7 genes were detected in all @entity4 samples and all adjacent samples, but not in prostate samples from healthy individuals. SV40, HCMV, EBV and low-risk HPVs transcripts were detected in one @entity1 sample and two adjacent samples from @entity4 @entity0 , but not in any samples of @entity4 @entity0 ; XMRV, @entity8 and JCV sequences were not identified in our work; @entity3 , as a negative control, was absent from any samples. Moreover, no pathogen integration was identified in our study. While further validation is required, our analysis provides evidence of @entity7 infections in @entity0 @entity4 . Noted differences in viral infections across ethnicity remain to be confirmed with other @entity4 data sets. The effects of @entity6 and their contributions to @entity4 pathogenesis will require continuous research on associated pathogens.

title: Identification of Pathogen Signatures in XXXX Using RNA-seq.

answer: @entity4


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemical examination of the expression and localization of neurofilament (NF) proteins and @entity5 in spinal @entity4 (twy/twy) @entity1 with progressive compression of the cervical spinal cord. OBJECTIVE: To determine the biologic functions of NF proteins and @entity5 in the @entity1 cervical spinal cord during chronic mechanical compression. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The pathologic and repair process in the chronically compressed spinal cord are understood poorly. The present authors hypothesized that there existed an increased expression of NF proteins and @entity5 in twy/twy @entity1 during the lengthy period of @entity3 , which resembles @entity3 . METHODS: The cervical spinal cords of 54 twy @entity1 (aged 8 weeks [n = 18], 14 weeks [n = 18], and 20 weeks [n = 18]) and 18 control animals were examined histologically. Using appropriate antibodies, sections were also stained immunohistochemically for NF proteins and @entity5 . RESULTS: Separation of the myelin sheath from the axon and @entity0 with deformation were detected in the anterior and lateral funiculi of the spinalcords of 20-week-old twy/twy @entity1 . No such changes were noted in 8-week-old twy @entity1 . In twy/twy @entity1 aged 8 and 14 weeks with mild-to-moderate compression, weak immunoreactivities (mainly in the white matter) for NF proteins and @entity5 were noted; however, in 20-week-old twy/twy @entity1 , these axons stained strongly positive and immunoreactive swollen axons were present. The relative area of @entity5 immunoreactive axons gradually increased between 8 and 20 weeks in each column, particularly in the anterior and lateral funiculi in the contralateral side of compression. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the expression of NF proteins and @entity5 in the white matter increased proportionally with the magnitude of @entity3 , and indicated the possible involvement of @entity5 in both @entity2 and repair processes in the chronically compressed spinal cord.

title: Progressive changes in neurofilament proteins and growth-associated protein-43 immunoreactivities at the site of cervical XXXX in spinal @entity4 @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemical examination of the expression and localization of neurofilament (NF) proteins and @entity5 in spinal @entity4 (twy/twy) @entity1 with progressive compression of the cervical spinal cord. OBJECTIVE: To determine the biologic functions of NF proteins and @entity5 in the @entity1 cervical spinal cord during chronic mechanical compression. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The pathologic and repair process in the chronically compressed spinal cord are understood poorly. The present authors hypothesized that there existed an increased expression of NF proteins and @entity5 in twy/twy @entity1 during the lengthy period of @entity3 , which resembles @entity3 . METHODS: The cervical spinal cords of 54 twy @entity1 (aged 8 weeks [n = 18], 14 weeks [n = 18], and 20 weeks [n = 18]) and 18 control animals were examined histologically. Using appropriate antibodies, sections were also stained immunohistochemically for NF proteins and @entity5 . RESULTS: Separation of the myelin sheath from the axon and @entity0 with deformation were detected in the anterior and lateral funiculi of the spinalcords of 20-week-old twy/twy @entity1 . No such changes were noted in 8-week-old twy @entity1 . In twy/twy @entity1 aged 8 and 14 weeks with mild-to-moderate compression, weak immunoreactivities (mainly in the white matter) for NF proteins and @entity5 were noted; however, in 20-week-old twy/twy @entity1 , these axons stained strongly positive and immunoreactive swollen axons were present. The relative area of @entity5 immunoreactive axons gradually increased between 8 and 20 weeks in each column, particularly in the anterior and lateral funiculi in the contralateral side of compression. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the expression of NF proteins and @entity5 in the white matter increased proportionally with the magnitude of @entity3 , and indicated the possible involvement of @entity5 in both @entity2 and repair processes in the chronically compressed spinal cord.

title: Progressive changes in neurofilament proteins and growth-associated protein-43 immunoreactivities at the site of cervical @entity3 in spinal XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemical examination of the expression and localization of neurofilament (NF) proteins and @entity5 in spinal @entity4 (twy/twy) @entity1 with progressive compression of the cervical spinal cord. OBJECTIVE: To determine the biologic functions of NF proteins and @entity5 in the @entity1 cervical spinal cord during chronic mechanical compression. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The pathologic and repair process in the chronically compressed spinal cord are understood poorly. The present authors hypothesized that there existed an increased expression of NF proteins and @entity5 in twy/twy @entity1 during the lengthy period of @entity3 , which resembles @entity3 . METHODS: The cervical spinal cords of 54 twy @entity1 (aged 8 weeks [n = 18], 14 weeks [n = 18], and 20 weeks [n = 18]) and 18 control animals were examined histologically. Using appropriate antibodies, sections were also stained immunohistochemically for NF proteins and @entity5 . RESULTS: Separation of the myelin sheath from the axon and @entity0 with deformation were detected in the anterior and lateral funiculi of the spinalcords of 20-week-old twy/twy @entity1 . No such changes were noted in 8-week-old twy @entity1 . In twy/twy @entity1 aged 8 and 14 weeks with mild-to-moderate compression, weak immunoreactivities (mainly in the white matter) for NF proteins and @entity5 were noted; however, in 20-week-old twy/twy @entity1 , these axons stained strongly positive and immunoreactive swollen axons were present. The relative area of @entity5 immunoreactive axons gradually increased between 8 and 20 weeks in each column, particularly in the anterior and lateral funiculi in the contralateral side of compression. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the expression of NF proteins and @entity5 in the white matter increased proportionally with the magnitude of @entity3 , and indicated the possible involvement of @entity5 in both @entity2 and repair processes in the chronically compressed spinal cord.

title: Progressive changes in neurofilament proteins and growth-associated protein-43 immunoreactivities at the site of cervical @entity3 in spinal @entity4 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Clinical spectrum of @entity6 is variable; it may be asymptomatic, but once established as @entity4 , it is irreversible and may finally be disabling. To estimate the prevalence of subclinical @entity6 in the UAE, we undertook a pilot study by means of nerve conduction study (NCS) of peroneal motor and sural sensory studies in 60 @entity1 with no symptoms of @entity2 . Neurological examination revealed clinical abnormalities suggesting @entity4 in 26 @entity0 , 43% of the @entity0 . NCS revealed abnormal values in 63% of the whole @entity0 . Abnormal NCS was confirmed in 88% of the positive sign group. As to the negative sign group 44% had abnormalities in NCS. Prolonged F-wave latency was seen in 29% in no sign group and in 66% of the @entity0 with positive signs. We found close association between @entity3 score and abnormalities in NCS. Among various parameter of systemic nerve conduction study in subclinical @entity0 , prolonged F-wave latency seems the commonest abnormality suggesting morphological changes in subclinical @entity1 . Decrease in amplitude of compound sensory action potential of sural nerve is another @entity5 , which is, then, accompanied by a fall in motor amplitude of peroneal nerve in advanced @entity0 . Recently, our own group of Hirosaki has demonstrated that somatosensory central conduction time (CCT) between the spinal cord entry time and the arrival time to the sensory cortex is prolonged in @entity1 . This abnormality might be partly responsible for the irreversible sensory deficits of @entity6 .

title: Electrophysiological changes in XXXX : from subclinical alterations to disabling abnormalities.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity3 ( @entity3 ) inhibitors and their metabolites are excreted renally and doses should hence be reduced in @entity1 . We studied whether the dosage of @entity4 in daily clinical practice is associated with drug accumulation of enalaprilat in @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty nine out- @entity0 with plasma @entity2 >150 micromol/L and chronic antihypertensive treatment with @entity4 were investigated, in a cross-sectional design. RESULTS: Median glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 23(range 6-60) ml/minute/1.73 m2. The daily dose of @entity4 was 10 (2.5-20) mg and the trough serum concentration of enalaprilat was 31.8 (<2.5-584.7)ng/ml. Ninety percent of the @entity0 had higher serum concentrations of enalaprilat than has been reported in subjects with normal kidney function, and a marked elevation of serum enalaprilat was observed in @entity0 with GFR <30 ml/minute. All but three patients had serum @entity3 activity below the reference range. The @entity3 genotype did not influence the results. Additional pharmacokinetic studies were done in nine @entity0 in whom GFR was 23 (10-42)ml/minute/1.73 m2. The median clearance of enalaprilat was 28 (16-68) ml/minute and correlated linearly with GFR (r=0.86, p=0.003). Intra-subject day-to-day variation in trough concentrations was 19.7%. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity1 given small or moderately high doses of @entity4 may thus have markedly elevated levels of serum enalaprilat. Whether this affords extra renoprotection, or on the contrary may inappropriately impair renal function, is not known, and should be investigated in prospective, controlled studies.

title: High serum enalaprilat in XXXX .

answer: @entity1