abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed cellular innate and adaptive immune responses in a @entity0 heterotopic tracheal allograft model during the development of obliterative @entity4 . METHODS: Syngeneic tracheal grafts were transplanted heterotopically from DA to DA @entity0 and fully MHC-mismatched allografts from DA to WF @entity0 . The recipients received either no immunosuppression or two different doses of @entity2 and were euthanized at 3, 10 and 30 days. Non-transplanted DA tracheas served as controls. Histologic, immunohistochemical and real-time RT-PCR analyses were performed. RESULTS: The syngrafts had normal epithelium at 10 days and no @entity3 was seen at 30 days. In non-immunosuppressed allografts, almost total loss of epithelium was observed at 10 days, culminating in @entity3 at 30 days. The activation of innate immune response was observed during the ischemic period at 3 days in both groups. Influx of the infiltrating inflammatory cells was more prominent in the allografts. In syngrafts, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory, but also tolerogenic, cytokines was significantly upregulated, whereas Th1 and Th17 priming factors were significantly downregulated. In allografts, prominent mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was seen and adaptive Th1 and Th17 alloresponses were increased. @entity2 treatment reduced @entity3 and inhibited both tolerogenic and pro-inflammatory T-cell responses in allografts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 induced a self-limiting, alloantigen-independent innate immune response in syngrafts. In allografts, the predominant pro-inflammatory milieu and @entity5 -dependent Th1 and Th17 responses were linked to the development of obliterative @entity4 and were inhibited by @entity2 treatment.

title: Innate and adaptive immune responses in obliterative @entity4 in XXXX tracheal allografts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 is a minimally invasive alternative to the surgical treatment of certain @entity1 . The authors aimed to determine the safety of the procedure with respect to renal function and blood pressure control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of the charts of @entity0 who underwent therapeutic renal @entity5 between January 1998 and December 2007. Indications for therapeutic renal artery embolizations included either treatment or prevention of @entity3 . Exclusion criteria were total/ partial nephrectomy or dialysis prior to @entity1 and lack of appropriate follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 115 procedures were reviewed, and 41 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 63    18.87 years. Median follow-up was 13.0 months. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the study population changed from 55.2 mL/ @entity4 .73 m(2) at baseline to 56.63 mL/ @entity4 .73 m(2) at last available follow up (P = .67). At baseline, 22 @entity0 (53.7%) in this study group were @entity2 . Postprocedure, 9 @entity0 required either the initiation of antihypertensive therapy or additional antihypertensive agents. Preexisting @entity1 (GFR < 30 mL/ @entity4 .73 m(2)) at baseline did not appear to influence these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 appears to be a safe procedure with respect to renal function. However, these @entity0 should have close surveillance of their blood pressures to detect either the onset of @entity2 or worsening of preexisting @entity2 .

title: Long-term follow-up of renal function and blood pressure after selective renal XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies identified limited @entity4 several years after diaphyseal @entity2 of both the radius and ulna, although the relationship between @entity4 was inconsistent. This investigation studied skeletally mature and immature @entity0 more than ten years after injury and addressed the hypotheses that (1) objective measurements of impairment correlate with disability, (2) @entity3 and misinterpretation of nociception correlate with disability, and (3) @entity0 injured when skeletally mature or immature have comparable @entity4 . METHODS: Seventy-one @entity0 with diaphyseal @entity2 of the radius and ulna were evaluated at an average of twenty-one years after injury. Twenty-five of the thirty-five @entity0 who were skeletally immature at the time of injury were treated nonoperatively, and thirty-one of the thirty-six skeletally mature @entity0 were treated operatively. Objective evaluation included radiographs, functional assessment, and grip strength. Validated questionnaires were used to measure arm-specific disability (the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH] score), misinterpretation of @entity1 ( @entity1 Catastrophizing Scale [PCS]), and @entity3 (the validated Dutch form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies- @entity3 scale [CES-D]). RESULTS: The average DASH score was 8 points (range, 0 to 54); 97% of @entity0 had excellent or satisfactory results according to the criteria of Anderson et al., and 72% reported no @entity1 . Both the @entity4 and the wrist flexion/extension arc was 91% of that seen on the uninjured side; grip strength was 94%. There were small but significant differences in rotation (151   versus 169  , p = 0.004) and wrist flexion-extension (123   versus 142  , p = 0.002) compared with the results in the uninjured arm. There was no difference in disability between @entity0 who were skeletally mature or immature at the time of injury. @entity1 , @entity1 catastrophizing (misinterpretation of nociception), and grip strength were the most important predictors of disability. CONCLUSIONS: An average of twenty-one years after sustaining diaphyseal @entity2 of both the radius and the ulna, @entity0 who were skeletally immature or mature at the time of @entity2 have comparable disability. Disability correlates better with subjective and psychosocial aspects of illness, such as @entity1 and @entity1 catastrophizing, than with objective measurements of impairment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Long-term outcomes of XXXX of both bones of the forearm.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the functional and radiographic results of cementless, modular total hip arthroplasty combined with subtrochanteric osteotomy for the treatment of @entity0 who had had Crowe Group-IV @entity2 as a @entity0 . METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive @entity0 (thirty-three @entity2 ) who had previously had Crowe Group-IV @entity2 were treated with a modular cementless prosthesis at a mean age of sixty years. The mean follow-up period was eight years (range, five to eleven years). The acetabular cup was placed in the position of the anatomical hip center in every @entity0 . Subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy was performed with use of a step-cut design. RESULTS: The mean Merle d'Aubign   and Postel hip score improved from 9 to 16 points (out of a maximum of 18 points). The mean limb-length discrepancy in seventeen @entity0 with unilateral involvement was reduced from 5.1 cm (range, 3.7 to 6.5 cm) to 2.8 cm (range, 1.4 to 4.6 cm). Two @entity0 had a positive Trendelenburg sign, and three had a slight limp at the time of the latest follow-up. No cases of nonunion or nerve @entity3 were encountered. @entity1 occurred in two @entity2 . One hip showed progressive radiolucent lines around the proximal femoral sleeve within two years after the surgery, and this was followed by progressive stem subsidence. Only one femoral stem was revised. CONCLUSIONS: Cementless, modular total hip arthroplasty combined with subtrochanteric osteotomy for the treatment of @entity0 with prior Crowe Group-IV @entity2 resulted in satisfactory outcomes. Hips with poor bone quality and a developmentally short femoral neck present technical challenges with regard to achieving sufficient rotatory stability, following osteotomy, for osseointegration of the modular implants. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Cementless modular total hip arthroplasty with subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy for XXXX with developmental dysplasia.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In 1983 and 1984 the effect of a deworming scheme, in which @entity2 were treated at turn out and 4 and 8 weeks later, on the egg output, larval differentiation, @entity1 , herbage @entity0 and in 1984, the percentages of some serum proteins were tested. In 1983 the experiment was done with 42 mares, 54 two year old male @entity2 and 42 male yearlings, kept in groups with permanent or rotational grazing. In 1984 only 90 male yearlings were investigated. In 1983 @entity4 and @entity3 were used, 1984 @entity3 . The results of the faecal examinations showed that after @entity3 treatment the number of eggs per gram faeces (EPG) remained zero or very low for a longer time. In 1983 an increase was seen during August. In 1984 the increase was observed at the end of August/beginning of September. Treatment with @entity4 gave a less efficient suppression of egg output, resulting in a sharp EPG-increase at the end of July/beginning of August. After first treatment either with @entity3 or @entity4 , no larvae of great Strongyles were seen. The results of the herbage @entity0 on the paddocks were according to the EPGs of the @entity2 that grazed the paddocks some time earlier. @entity0 was highest in late summer and autumn, lowest in early and mid summer. No significant differences in @entity1 were observed between the groups. The percentage of beta 1 + 2-globulin was highest at turn out. After first treatment it decreased, but remained stable thereafter during the season, irrespective of the reinfection in autumn. Post-mortem results of four tracers in 1984 varied from ca. 275,000-2,000,000 small Strongyles. The conclusion was drawn that under the present conditions the system was not satisfactory to prevent a reasonable @entity5 in late summer/autumn. The following advice was given: treatment of @entity2 at least 48 hours before turn out, deworming each four weeks up till July, treatment in September and in November (also against Gasterophilus).

title: [Testing of a deworming scheme for XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is the second most common @entity2 worldwide in the peri and postmenopausal period. Most often for the endometrioid variety. In early clinical stages long-term survival is greater than 80%, while in advanced stages it is less than 50%. In our country there is not a standard management between institutions. GICOM collaborative group under the auspice of different institutions have made the following consensus in order to make recommendations for the management of @entity0 with this type of @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The following recommendations were made by independent professionals in the field of Gynecologic Oncology, questions and statements were based on a comprehensive and systematic review of literature. It took place in the context of a meeting of four days in which a debate was held. These statements are the conclusions reached by agreement of the @entity0 members. RESULTS: Screening should be performed @entity0 at high risk ( @entity3 , family history of inherited @entity7 , Lynch S. type II). Endometrial thickness in postmenopausal @entity0 is best evaluated by transvaginal US, a thickness greater than or equal to 5 mm must be evaluated. @entity0 taking @entity5 should be monitored using this method. @entity6 in the usual main symptom, all post menopausal @entity0 with @entity9 should be evaluated. Diagnosis is made by histerescopy-guided biopsy. Magnetic resonance is the best image method as preoperative evaluation. Frozen section evaluates histologic grade, @entity1 , cervical and adnexal involvement. Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo oophorectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy should be performed except in endometrial histology grades 1 and 2, less than 50% invasion of the myometrium without evidence of disease out of the uterus. Omentectomy should be done in histologies other than endometriod. Surgery should be always performed by a Gynecologic Oncologist or Surgical Oncologist, laparoscopy is an alternative, especially in @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity3 for being less morbid. Adjuvant treatment after surgery includes radiation therapy to the pelvis, brachytherapy, and chemotherapy. @entity0 with Stages III and IV should have surgery with intention to achieve optimal cytoreduction because of the impact on survival (51 m vs. 14 m), the treatment of recurrence can be with surgery depending on the pattern of relapse, systemic chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. Follow-up of @entity0 is basically clinical in a regular basis. CONCLUSIONS: Screening programme is only for high risk @entity0 . Multidisciplinary treatment impacts on survival and local control of the disease, including surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, hormonal treatment is reserved to selected cases of recurrence. This is the first attempt of a Mexican Collaborative Group in Gynecology to give recommendations is a special type of @entity2 .

title: [The first Mexican consensus of XXXX . Grupo de Investigaci  n en C  ncer de Ovario y Tumores Ginecol  gicos de M  xico].

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 ( @entity8 ) has proven efficacy in the therapy of @entity1 . Its teratogenicity is demonstrated in animal studies when used at very high doses, whereas @entity0 data suggest that @entity8 at maintenance doses is safe. We report the outcome of 72 pregnancies in @entity0 with @entity1 who were previously treated with @entity8 with three different doses of 50, 75, and 100 mg/d, for a median duration of 18 months, along with long-term follow-up of the @entity0 . METHODS: We have compared the outcome of pregnancies and development of the offspring in the following two groups: group 1, @entity0 with @entity1 who conceived 6 months to 22 years after stopping @entity8 (median 72 months); and group 2, @entity0 with @entity1 who never received @entity8 prior to conception. All pregnancies were evaluated in terms of outcome: live full-term birth, @entity5 , stillbirth, @entity4 , @entity7 , and therapeutic dilatation and curettage. Data on @entity0 were obtained regarding birth weight, @entity2 , and development. RESULTS: Group 1 included 72 pregnancies carried by 29 @entity0 . There were 51 live births (4 premature), 16 @entity4 , 1 stillbirth, 2 therapeutic abortions due to abnormal amniocentesis, and 2 ectopic pregnancies. The total incidence of fetal loss was 29.2%. In group 2, 75 @entity0 had 140 pregnancies resulting in 120 live births (8 premature), 18 @entity4 , and 2 stillbirths. There were no cases of ectopic pregnancies or abnormal amniocentesis. The total incidence of fetal loss was 14.3%. There was no increase in the incidence of @entity3 when the mothers had been treated with @entity8 prior to pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of fetal loss is higher in @entity0 with @entity1 who had been previously treated with @entity8 compared with those who had not. Whether this was related to the older age at conception in @entity8 group, longer duration of disease, initially more severe disease, or use of @entity8 we cannot tell.

title: Complications of pregnancy and @entity0 development after cessation of treatment with XXXX for @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 ( @entity8 ) has proven efficacy in the therapy of @entity1 . Its teratogenicity is demonstrated in animal studies when used at very high doses, whereas @entity0 data suggest that @entity8 at maintenance doses is safe. We report the outcome of 72 pregnancies in @entity0 with @entity1 who were previously treated with @entity8 with three different doses of 50, 75, and 100 mg/d, for a median duration of 18 months, along with long-term follow-up of the @entity0 . METHODS: We have compared the outcome of pregnancies and development of the offspring in the following two groups: group 1, @entity0 with @entity1 who conceived 6 months to 22 years after stopping @entity8 (median 72 months); and group 2, @entity0 with @entity1 who never received @entity8 prior to conception. All pregnancies were evaluated in terms of outcome: live full-term birth, @entity5 , stillbirth, @entity4 , @entity7 , and therapeutic dilatation and curettage. Data on @entity0 were obtained regarding birth weight, @entity2 , and development. RESULTS: Group 1 included 72 pregnancies carried by 29 @entity0 . There were 51 live births (4 premature), 16 @entity4 , 1 stillbirth, 2 therapeutic abortions due to abnormal amniocentesis, and 2 ectopic pregnancies. The total incidence of fetal loss was 29.2%. In group 2, 75 @entity0 had 140 pregnancies resulting in 120 live births (8 premature), 18 @entity4 , and 2 stillbirths. There were no cases of ectopic pregnancies or abnormal amniocentesis. The total incidence of fetal loss was 14.3%. There was no increase in the incidence of @entity3 when the mothers had been treated with @entity8 prior to pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of fetal loss is higher in @entity0 with @entity1 who had been previously treated with @entity8 compared with those who had not. Whether this was related to the older age at conception in @entity8 group, longer duration of disease, initially more severe disease, or use of @entity8 we cannot tell.

title: Complications of pregnancy and @entity0 development after cessation of treatment with @entity6 for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 ( @entity8 ) has proven efficacy in the therapy of @entity1 . Its teratogenicity is demonstrated in animal studies when used at very high doses, whereas @entity0 data suggest that @entity8 at maintenance doses is safe. We report the outcome of 72 pregnancies in @entity0 with @entity1 who were previously treated with @entity8 with three different doses of 50, 75, and 100 mg/d, for a median duration of 18 months, along with long-term follow-up of the @entity0 . METHODS: We have compared the outcome of pregnancies and development of the offspring in the following two groups: group 1, @entity0 with @entity1 who conceived 6 months to 22 years after stopping @entity8 (median 72 months); and group 2, @entity0 with @entity1 who never received @entity8 prior to conception. All pregnancies were evaluated in terms of outcome: live full-term birth, @entity5 , stillbirth, @entity4 , @entity7 , and therapeutic dilatation and curettage. Data on @entity0 were obtained regarding birth weight, @entity2 , and development. RESULTS: Group 1 included 72 pregnancies carried by 29 @entity0 . There were 51 live births (4 premature), 16 @entity4 , 1 stillbirth, 2 therapeutic abortions due to abnormal amniocentesis, and 2 ectopic pregnancies. The total incidence of fetal loss was 29.2%. In group 2, 75 @entity0 had 140 pregnancies resulting in 120 live births (8 premature), 18 @entity4 , and 2 stillbirths. There were no cases of ectopic pregnancies or abnormal amniocentesis. The total incidence of fetal loss was 14.3%. There was no increase in the incidence of @entity3 when the mothers had been treated with @entity8 prior to pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of fetal loss is higher in @entity0 with @entity1 who had been previously treated with @entity8 compared with those who had not. Whether this was related to the older age at conception in @entity8 group, longer duration of disease, initially more severe disease, or use of @entity8 we cannot tell.

title: Complications of pregnancy and XXXX development after cessation of treatment with @entity6 for @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the interaction between 2450-MHz microwaves (MW) radiation and @entity1 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: The synergistic genotoxic effects of low-intensity 2450-MHz microwave and @entity2 on @entity0 lymphocytes were studied using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay (comet assay) and cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) test in vitro. The whole blood cells from a male donor and a female donor were either only exposed to 2450-MHz microwaves (5.0 mW/cm2) for 2 h or only exposed to @entity2 (0.0125 microgram/mL, 0.025 microgram/mL and 0.1 microgram/mL) for 24 h; and the samples were exposed to @entity2 for 24 h after exposure to MW for 2 h. RESULTS: In the comet assay, the comet lengths (29.1 microns and 25.9 microns) of MW were not significantly longer than those (26.3 microns and 24.1 microns) of controls (P > 0.05). The comet lengths (57.4 microns, 68.9 microns, 91.4 microns, 150.6 microns, 71.7 microns, 100.1 microns, 145.1 microns) of 4 @entity2 groups were significantly longer than those of controls (P < 0.01). The comet lengths (59.1 microns, 92.3 microns, 124.5 microns, 182.7 microns and 57.4 microns, 85.5 microns, 137.5 microns, 178.3 microns) of 4 MW plus @entity2 groups were significantly longer than those of controls too (P < 0.01). The comet lengths of MW plus @entity2 groups were significantly longer than those of the corresponding @entity2 doses (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) when the doses of @entity2 were > or = 0.025 microgram/mL. In the CBMN, the micronucleated cell (MNC) rates of MW were 5@1000 and 6@1000, which showed no difference compared with those (4@1000 and 4@1000) of controls (P > 0.05). The MNC rates of 4 @entity2 groups were 8@1000, 9@1000, 14@1000, 23@1000 and 8@1000, 8@1000, 16@1000, 30@1000 respectively. When the doses of @entity2 were > or = 0.05 microgram/mL, MNC rates of @entity2 were higher than those of controls (P < 0.05). MNC rates of 4 MW plus @entity2 groups were 12@1000, 13@1000, 20@1000, 32@1000 and 8@1000, 9@1000, 23@1000, 40@1000. When the doses of @entity2 were > or = 0.05 microgram/mL, MNC rates of MW plus @entity2 groups were much higher than those of controls (P < 0.01). MNC rates of 4 MW plus @entity2 groups were not significantly higher than those of the corresponding @entity2 doses. CONCLUSION: The low-intensity 2450-MHz microwave radiation can not induce DNA and chromosome damage, but can increase DNA damage effect induced by @entity2 in comet assay.

title: Study of low-intensity 2450-MHz microwave exposure enhancing the genotoxic effects of XXXX using micronucleus test and comet assay in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of metallic stents for treating central airway @entity5 caused by @entity2 . The subjects were 72 @entity0 (16 @entity0 , 56 @entity0 ; mean age, 61 years; age range, 28-87 years) treated with metallic stents for @entity6 due to @entity3 caused by @entity2 between May 1990 and August 2010. The underlying disorder was @entity1 in 42 @entity0 , metastatic @entity1 in 29, and @entity2 in one @entity0 . In 69 of 72 @entity0 (95.8%), @entity6 began to improve following completion of the procedure. The average Hugh-Jones classification score improved from 4.2 before stenting to 2.8 after stenting. The @entity0 ' average survival following stent placement was 3.6 months (two days-33 months). Thirteen lesions developed re-obstruction during follow-up. Of these 13 lesions, eight @entity0 with @entity6 underwent re-interventions with metallic stent replacement and improved. Airway stent placement is an immediate and effective method of treatment for @entity6 caused by stenotic lesions of the central airway due to @entity2 . It is effective for treating @entity5 due to either @entity2 or extrinsic compression. Restenting is also useful to treat @entity6 caused by @entity4 following stent placement.

title: Metallic stent placement for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Concurrent administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy has been increasingly used in @entity1 treatment, leading to improvements in survival as well as quality of life. Currently, it is a feasible preference, often regarded as the standard therapeutic option, for many locally confined @entity1 , including anal, bladder, cervical, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, lung, @entity3 . In @entity0 with these @entity1 , combined modality therapy improves @entity1 control and survival while, in some instances, obviating the need for surgical removal of the organ of origin. The scientific rationale for the use of chemoradiation derives from the preclinical and clinical observations of synergistic interactions between radiotherapy and chemotherapy. When chemotherapy and radiotherapy are administered together, the chemotherapeutic agents can sensitize the @entity1 cells to the effects of ionizing radiation, leading to increased @entity1 -killing effects within the radiotherapy field. This, in turn, can improve local control of the @entity1 and, in some @entity1 , render surgical resection unnecessary. In other cases, @entity0 with @entity1 that were initially considered unresectable are able to undergo curative interventions after completing chemoradiation. The chemotherapy component can address any potential micrometastatic disease that, without therapy, leads to an increased risk of distant recurrence. A large body of evidence exists that supports the use of chemoradiotherapy in @entity4 . In fact, one of the first @entity1 types in which the superior efficacy of chemoradiation was described was @entity1 . Since then, chemoradiotherapy has been explored in other @entity2 with superior outcomes when compared with either radiation or chemotherapy alone. This article aims to recapitulate the clinical evidence supporting the use of chemoradiotherapy in a variety of @entity4 types.

title: Chemoradiation therapy in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Administrative claims and medical records are important data sources to examine healthcare utilization and outcomes. Little is known about identifying personalized medicine technologies in these sources. OBJECTIVES: To describe agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of administrative claims compared with medical records for 2 pairs of targeted tests and treatments for @entity0 . RESEARCH DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of medical records linked to administrative claims from a large health plan. We examined whether agreement varied by factors that facilitate tracking in claims (coding and cost) and that enhance medical record completeness (records from multiple providers). SUBJECTS: @entity1 (35 to 65 y of age) with incident @entity0 diagnosed in 2006 to 2007 (n=775). MEASURES: Use of @entity1 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and gene expression profiling (GEP) testing, trastuzumab, and adjuvant chemotherapy in claims and medical records. RESULTS: Agreement between claims and records was substantial for GEP, trastuzumab, and chemotherapy, and lowest for @entity2 tests. GEP, an expensive test with unique billing codes, had higher agreement (91.6% vs. 75.2%), sensitivity (94.9% vs. 76.7%), and specificity (90.1% vs. 29.2%) than @entity2 , a test without unique billing codes. Trastuzumab, a treatment with unique billing codes, had slightly higher agreement (95.1% vs. 90%) and sensitivity (98.1% vs. 87.9%) than adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Higher agreement and specificity were associated with services that had unique billing codes and high cost. Administrative claims may be sufficient for examining services with unique billing codes. Medical records provide better data for identifying tests lacking specific codes and for research requiring detailed clinical information.

title: Tradeoffs of using administrative claims and medical records to identify the use of personalized medicine for @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Administrative claims and medical records are important data sources to examine healthcare utilization and outcomes. Little is known about identifying personalized medicine technologies in these sources. OBJECTIVES: To describe agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of administrative claims compared with medical records for 2 pairs of targeted tests and treatments for @entity0 . RESEARCH DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of medical records linked to administrative claims from a large health plan. We examined whether agreement varied by factors that facilitate tracking in claims (coding and cost) and that enhance medical record completeness (records from multiple providers). SUBJECTS: @entity1 (35 to 65 y of age) with incident @entity0 diagnosed in 2006 to 2007 (n=775). MEASURES: Use of @entity1 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and gene expression profiling (GEP) testing, trastuzumab, and adjuvant chemotherapy in claims and medical records. RESULTS: Agreement between claims and records was substantial for GEP, trastuzumab, and chemotherapy, and lowest for @entity2 tests. GEP, an expensive test with unique billing codes, had higher agreement (91.6% vs. 75.2%), sensitivity (94.9% vs. 76.7%), and specificity (90.1% vs. 29.2%) than @entity2 , a test without unique billing codes. Trastuzumab, a treatment with unique billing codes, had slightly higher agreement (95.1% vs. 90%) and sensitivity (98.1% vs. 87.9%) than adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Higher agreement and specificity were associated with services that had unique billing codes and high cost. Administrative claims may be sufficient for examining services with unique billing codes. Medical records provide better data for identifying tests lacking specific codes and for research requiring detailed clinical information.

title: Tradeoffs of using administrative claims and medical records to identify the use of personalized medicine for XXXX with @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to analyse the outcome after hepatic resection for non-colorectal, non-neuroendocrine, non-sarcomatous (NCNNNS) @entity2 and to identify the factors predicting survival. METHODS: All @entity0 who underwent hepatic resection for NCNNNS @entity2 between September 1996 and June 2009 were included. @entity0 ' demographics, clinical and histopathological parameters, overall survival and the factors predicting survival were analysed. RESULTS: In all, 65 @entity0 underwent hepatic resection for @entity1 . The most common site of a primary @entity2 was the kidney (24 @entity0 ). Fifteen @entity0 had @entity2 . Fifty @entity0 had major liver resections and 22 @entity0 had bilobar disease. The median number of liver lesions resected was 1 and the median maximum diameter of the @entity1 was 6 cm. A R0 resection was performed in 51 @entity0 . The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival from the time of metastasectomy was 72.9%, 47.9% and 25.6%, respectively, with a median survival of 19 months. The presence of a @entity2 of greater than 6 cm (P= 0.048) and a positive resection margin (P= 0.04) were associated with poor survival. CONCLUSION: Hepatic resection for @entity1 from NCNNNS @entity2 can offer acceptable long-term survival in selected @entity0 . To offer a chance of a cure a R0 resection must be performed.

title: Hepatic resection for non-colorectal, non-neuroendocrine, non-sarcoma XXXX : a single-centre experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: An isocratic HPLC procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of @entity5 and six @entity6 in tea samples. When 31 commercial teas extracted by boiling water or 75% @entity1 were analyzed by HPLC, the levels of @entity2 ( @entity3 ), and total @entity6 in teas were in the order green tea (old leaves) > green tea (young leaves) and oolong tea > black tea and pu-erh tea. Tea samples extracted by 75% @entity1 could yield higher levels of @entity3 and total @entity6 . The contents of @entity5 and @entity6 also have been measured in fresh tea leaves from the Tea Experiment Station in Wen-Shan or Taitung; the old tea leaves contain less @entity5 but more @entity3 and total @entity6 than young ones. To compare @entity5 and @entity6 in the same tea but manufactured by different fermentation processes, the level of @entity5 in different manufactured teas was in the order black tea > oolong tea > green tea > fresh tea leaf, but the levels of @entity3 and total @entity6 were in the order green tea > oolong tea > fresh tea leaf > black tea. In addition, six commercial tea extracts were used to test the biological functions including @entity4 radical scavenging, @entity0 suppressing, and apoptotic effects. The pu-erh tea extracts protected the plasmid DNA from damage by the Fenton reaction as well as the control at a concentration of 100 microg/mL. The @entity0 suppressing effect of tea extracts was in the order pu-erh tea >/= black tea > green tea > oolong tea. The induction of apoptosis by tea extract has been demonstrated by DNA fragmentation ladder and flow cytometry. It appeared that the ability of tea extracts to induce HL-60 cells apoptosis was in the order green tea > oolong > black tea > pu-erh tea. All tea extracts extracted by 75% @entity1 have stronger biological functions than those extracted by boiling water.

title: Factors affecting the levels of tea polyphenols and XXXX in tea leaves.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the overall mortality and the incidence of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in 99 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and with an @entity5 ( @entity5 ) suffering from @entity4 . METHODS: We performed a stepwise regression model to identify independent risk factors for the occurrence of @entity6 . Using a Cox regression model, independent risk factors for total mortality were evaluated and, subsequently, a Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied. The primary endpoint of this study was the identification of independent predictors of overall mortality and the incidence of malignant @entity6 . RESULTS: One hundred twenty-five @entity8 (>= 310 ms), 51 fast @entity8 (between 310 ms and 240 ms), and 48 episodes of @entity9 ( <=240 ms) were documented in 32 @entity0 . Independent predictors of @entity6 detected and treated by the @entity5 included female gender (odds ratio [OR] 3.4), lack of statin therapy (OR 3.5), and increased serum @entity7 (OR 3.7). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no difference in survival between @entity0 with or without @entity8 . Total mortality was predicted by increased age (OR 2.3) and an @entity1 (OR 1.9), independently. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity3 @entity0 with @entity4 , female gender, lack of statin therapy, and increased @entity7 represented independent risk factors for the incidence of malignant @entity6 . Furthermore, @entity2 and age favored total mortality. Considering these results, @entity1 might represent a valuable noninvasive tool to identify @entity3 @entity0 who, despite @entity5 implantation, have the highest risk of mortality and therefore require a particularly thorough follow-up.

title: An XXXX : a predictor of @entity6 and mortality in @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the overall mortality and the incidence of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in 99 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and with an @entity5 ( @entity5 ) suffering from @entity4 . METHODS: We performed a stepwise regression model to identify independent risk factors for the occurrence of @entity6 . Using a Cox regression model, independent risk factors for total mortality were evaluated and, subsequently, a Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied. The primary endpoint of this study was the identification of independent predictors of overall mortality and the incidence of malignant @entity6 . RESULTS: One hundred twenty-five @entity8 (>= 310 ms), 51 fast @entity8 (between 310 ms and 240 ms), and 48 episodes of @entity9 ( <=240 ms) were documented in 32 @entity0 . Independent predictors of @entity6 detected and treated by the @entity5 included female gender (odds ratio [OR] 3.4), lack of statin therapy (OR 3.5), and increased serum @entity7 (OR 3.7). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no difference in survival between @entity0 with or without @entity8 . Total mortality was predicted by increased age (OR 2.3) and an @entity1 (OR 1.9), independently. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity3 @entity0 with @entity4 , female gender, lack of statin therapy, and increased @entity7 represented independent risk factors for the incidence of malignant @entity6 . Furthermore, @entity2 and age favored total mortality. Considering these results, @entity1 might represent a valuable noninvasive tool to identify @entity3 @entity0 who, despite @entity5 implantation, have the highest risk of mortality and therefore require a particularly thorough follow-up.

title: An @entity1 : a predictor of @entity6 and mortality in @entity0 with @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the overall mortality and the incidence of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in 99 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and with an @entity5 ( @entity5 ) suffering from @entity4 . METHODS: We performed a stepwise regression model to identify independent risk factors for the occurrence of @entity6 . Using a Cox regression model, independent risk factors for total mortality were evaluated and, subsequently, a Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied. The primary endpoint of this study was the identification of independent predictors of overall mortality and the incidence of malignant @entity6 . RESULTS: One hundred twenty-five @entity8 (>= 310 ms), 51 fast @entity8 (between 310 ms and 240 ms), and 48 episodes of @entity9 ( <=240 ms) were documented in 32 @entity0 . Independent predictors of @entity6 detected and treated by the @entity5 included female gender (odds ratio [OR] 3.4), lack of statin therapy (OR 3.5), and increased serum @entity7 (OR 3.7). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no difference in survival between @entity0 with or without @entity8 . Total mortality was predicted by increased age (OR 2.3) and an @entity1 (OR 1.9), independently. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity3 @entity0 with @entity4 , female gender, lack of statin therapy, and increased @entity7 represented independent risk factors for the incidence of malignant @entity6 . Furthermore, @entity2 and age favored total mortality. Considering these results, @entity1 might represent a valuable noninvasive tool to identify @entity3 @entity0 who, despite @entity5 implantation, have the highest risk of mortality and therefore require a particularly thorough follow-up.

title: An @entity1 : a predictor of @entity6 and mortality in @entity0 with XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the overall mortality and the incidence of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in 99 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and with an @entity5 ( @entity5 ) suffering from @entity4 . METHODS: We performed a stepwise regression model to identify independent risk factors for the occurrence of @entity6 . Using a Cox regression model, independent risk factors for total mortality were evaluated and, subsequently, a Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied. The primary endpoint of this study was the identification of independent predictors of overall mortality and the incidence of malignant @entity6 . RESULTS: One hundred twenty-five @entity8 (>= 310 ms), 51 fast @entity8 (between 310 ms and 240 ms), and 48 episodes of @entity9 ( <=240 ms) were documented in 32 @entity0 . Independent predictors of @entity6 detected and treated by the @entity5 included female gender (odds ratio [OR] 3.4), lack of statin therapy (OR 3.5), and increased serum @entity7 (OR 3.7). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no difference in survival between @entity0 with or without @entity8 . Total mortality was predicted by increased age (OR 2.3) and an @entity1 (OR 1.9), independently. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity3 @entity0 with @entity4 , female gender, lack of statin therapy, and increased @entity7 represented independent risk factors for the incidence of malignant @entity6 . Furthermore, @entity2 and age favored total mortality. Considering these results, @entity1 might represent a valuable noninvasive tool to identify @entity3 @entity0 who, despite @entity5 implantation, have the highest risk of mortality and therefore require a particularly thorough follow-up.

title: An @entity1 : a predictor of XXXX and mortality in @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the overall mortality and the incidence of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in 99 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and with an @entity5 ( @entity5 ) suffering from @entity4 . METHODS: We performed a stepwise regression model to identify independent risk factors for the occurrence of @entity6 . Using a Cox regression model, independent risk factors for total mortality were evaluated and, subsequently, a Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied. The primary endpoint of this study was the identification of independent predictors of overall mortality and the incidence of malignant @entity6 . RESULTS: One hundred twenty-five @entity8 (>= 310 ms), 51 fast @entity8 (between 310 ms and 240 ms), and 48 episodes of @entity9 ( <=240 ms) were documented in 32 @entity0 . Independent predictors of @entity6 detected and treated by the @entity5 included female gender (odds ratio [OR] 3.4), lack of statin therapy (OR 3.5), and increased serum @entity7 (OR 3.7). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no difference in survival between @entity0 with or without @entity8 . Total mortality was predicted by increased age (OR 2.3) and an @entity1 (OR 1.9), independently. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity3 @entity0 with @entity4 , female gender, lack of statin therapy, and increased @entity7 represented independent risk factors for the incidence of malignant @entity6 . Furthermore, @entity2 and age favored total mortality. Considering these results, @entity1 might represent a valuable noninvasive tool to identify @entity3 @entity0 who, despite @entity5 implantation, have the highest risk of mortality and therefore require a particularly thorough follow-up.

title: An @entity1 : a predictor of @entity6 and mortality in XXXX with @entity3 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a @entity3 that can lead to persistent @entity4 in adulthood. AIM: To describe the prevalence of @entity4 in adulthood in a population-based study of @entity0 with repaired @entity1 and to compare this with the prevalence in the general population. METHODS: Of 80 @entity0 operated for @entity1 in Gothenburg in 1968-1983, 79 were located. The @entity0 received a questionnaire on @entity4 . Controls were 4979 gender- and age-matched subjects who answered the same questions. RESULTS: The questionnaire was answered by 73 of 79 (92%) @entity0 . Physician-diagnosed @entity2 was reported by 30% in the @entity1 group vs 10% in the control group (OR 4.1; 95% CI 2.4-6.8), and recurrent wheeze in 29% vs 5.5% ( @entity7 ; 4.1-11.6). Also wheeze during the last year, @entity2 medication, a long-standing cough, cough with sputum production and chronic @entity6 were significantly more common among the @entity0 with @entity1 . In contrast, there was no significant difference regarding risk factors for @entity2 . The prevalence of @entity4 did not appear to decrease with age. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of @entity4 remains among adult @entity0 with repaired @entity1 . Many of the @entity0 had an @entity2 diagnosis. However, @entity2 heredity or @entity5 was not overrepresented.

title: Long-term XXXX following oesophageal atresia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether there is an ideal level of platelet reactivity (PR) to optimize safety and efficacy within the large multicenter ADAPT-DES (Assessment of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents) study of 8,582 @entity0 receiving successful drug-eluting stent implantation. BACKGROUND: @entity0 with high PR on @entity4 have a greater incidence of adverse ischemic events after stent implantation, whereas low PR may increase @entity2 . Due to limited sample size, previous studies have not been able to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics that may confound the relationship of PR and outcomes. METHODS: In the ADAPT-DES study, routine platelet function testing (VerifyNow) was performed following @entity4 loading. To characterize the independent association between PR and clinical events, @entity0 were stratified into quintiles of @entity5 reaction units (PRU). RESULTS: The PRU medians of the 5 quintiles were 57, 130, 187, 244, and 317 (most to least inhibited). There was a monotonic association between successively higher PRU quintiles and stent @entity3 , whereas for clinically relevant @entity2 , the greatest risk occurred in the lowest PRU quintile, with similar risks across the 4 higher quintiles. These relationships remained significant in fully adjusted multivariable analyses (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for stent @entity3 in Q5 versus Q1: 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17 to 4.59; p  = 0.02; adjusted HR for clinically relevant @entity2 in Q5 versus Q1: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.77; p  < 0.001). However, there were no significant independent associations between the level of PRU and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In this large observational study, increasing PRU was associated with a monotonic increase in stent @entity3 , whereas @entity2 risk was confined to the lowest PRU quintile, suggesting an optimal therapeutic window of platelet inhibition at moderately inhibited PRU. However, there was no demonstrable threshold effect for PRU and mortality in adjusted analyses, perhaps due to the offsetting impact of @entity2 and @entity1 across the spectrum of platelet inhibition. (Assessment of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents [ADAPT-DES]; NCT00638794).

title: Is There an Ideal Level of Platelet XXXX -Receptor Inhibition in @entity0  Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention?: "Window" Analysis From the ADAPT-DES Study (Assessment of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents).

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether there is an ideal level of platelet reactivity (PR) to optimize safety and efficacy within the large multicenter ADAPT-DES (Assessment of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents) study of 8,582 @entity0 receiving successful drug-eluting stent implantation. BACKGROUND: @entity0 with high PR on @entity4 have a greater incidence of adverse ischemic events after stent implantation, whereas low PR may increase @entity2 . Due to limited sample size, previous studies have not been able to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics that may confound the relationship of PR and outcomes. METHODS: In the ADAPT-DES study, routine platelet function testing (VerifyNow) was performed following @entity4 loading. To characterize the independent association between PR and clinical events, @entity0 were stratified into quintiles of @entity5 reaction units (PRU). RESULTS: The PRU medians of the 5 quintiles were 57, 130, 187, 244, and 317 (most to least inhibited). There was a monotonic association between successively higher PRU quintiles and stent @entity3 , whereas for clinically relevant @entity2 , the greatest risk occurred in the lowest PRU quintile, with similar risks across the 4 higher quintiles. These relationships remained significant in fully adjusted multivariable analyses (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for stent @entity3 in Q5 versus Q1: 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17 to 4.59; p  = 0.02; adjusted HR for clinically relevant @entity2 in Q5 versus Q1: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.77; p  < 0.001). However, there were no significant independent associations between the level of PRU and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In this large observational study, increasing PRU was associated with a monotonic increase in stent @entity3 , whereas @entity2 risk was confined to the lowest PRU quintile, suggesting an optimal therapeutic window of platelet inhibition at moderately inhibited PRU. However, there was no demonstrable threshold effect for PRU and mortality in adjusted analyses, perhaps due to the offsetting impact of @entity2 and @entity1 across the spectrum of platelet inhibition. (Assessment of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents [ADAPT-DES]; NCT00638794).

title: Is There an Ideal Level of Platelet @entity5 -Receptor Inhibition in XXXX  Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention?: "Window" Analysis From the ADAPT-DES Study (Assessment of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents).

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lymph node yield (LNY) is a measure of quality of care and a strong prognostic factor for outcome from @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The main aims of this study were to determine LNY across multiple Australian centres and the clinico-pathologic factors that influence yield. METHODS: Analysis of data from prospective @entity1 databases at 11 Australian centres between January 1988 and May 2008 was undertaken utilizing the linkage and analysis resources of BioGrid Australia. The LNY depending on different clinico-pathologic @entity0 characteristics was evaluated. RESULTS: In total, 10,082 cases (54.1% @entity0 , 45.9% @entity0 ) were identified. Median LNY was 12 (range 0-174). LNY increased significantly (P < 0.001) over time, from a mean of 8.5 in 1988 to 13 in 2008. LNY also varied significantly between surgical centres. Female gender, younger age, right-sided disease, higher T and N stage, specific operation types and absence of preoperative radiotherapy were all significantly associated with higher LNY. CONCLUSIONS: While varying across centres, the median LNYs in Australia are acceptable and have improved significantly over recent years. Multiple clinico-pathologic factors significantly influence the number of nodes retrieved.

title: Lymph node yield following XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obstruction of the airway due to unresectable @entity1 is a frightening condition that portends a poor prognosis. Endobronchial treatment modalities were reviewed to determine the most effective management strategy. METHODS: A 12-year retrospective review (1988 to 1999) of 121 consecutive @entity0 with inoperable @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was performed. Sixty-five @entity0 received @entity2 ( @entity2 ) alone, 32 received @entity2 plus neodymium:yttrium- @entity4 garnet laser (YAG) therapy, 16 received YAG only, 4 @entity0 were stented, and 4 received photodynamic therapy (PDT). Follow-up was obtained by chart review and contact. RESULTS: Seventy-seven @entity0 and 44 @entity0 , median age 62 years (range 30 to 86 years), underwent 378 endobronchial procedures for relief of @entity3 . Good to excellent results were achieved in 77% (93/121) of @entity0 . Seventy-two percent (23/32) of @entity0 undergoing @entity2 plus YAG received a good to excellent result. All 8 @entity0 receiving either stents or @entity5 had good to excellent palliation. There were no intraoperative deaths, but there were two in-hospital deaths. Complications occurred in 4% (5/121) of @entity0 . Forty-four percent (53/121) of our @entity0 were lost to follow-up. Mean survival was 6.7 months after the last treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Temporary relief of inoperable @entity3 can be accomplished with a number of endobronchial treatments used either singularly or in combination. The majority of @entity0 managed with @entity2 , YAG, or @entity2 plus YAG received good to excellent short-term palliation.

title: Palliative management of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is defined as @entity8 affecting small and medium-sized arteries and veins. Histologically, inflammatory changes with infiltration of the endothelium, @entity1 , and formation of necrotizing @entity5 are found. @entity2 is one of the cardinal features of @entity9 and occurs in 85% of @entity0 during the course of disease. Surgery is often required for both diagnosis and therapy. METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity0 are presented to illustrate the spectrum of surgical interventions in @entity9 . RESULTS: In 8 @entity0 open lung biopsy, wedge resection, or segmental resection for hitherto undiagnosed infiltrate revealed @entity9 . Eight @entity0 presented with @entity11 and all 8 underwent repetitive @entity3 . Five @entity0 presented with @entity10 without any signs of @entity2 . All @entity0 underwent @entity3 , 3 in conjunction with glucocorticoid injection therapy. After multiple dilations, 1 @entity0 still had destructing @entity7 in which total stenting maintained airway patency. One @entity0 received subglottic tracheal resection prior to multiple dilations; another @entity0 , because of expiratory tracheal collapse, underwent stabilization of the membranous part of the @entity6 and the large bronchi with a @entity4 implant. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical lung biopsy in numerous @entity0 established the final diagnosis. Thoracic surgery including bronchologic measures such as bouginage and stenting, however, also has a place in the long-term management of @entity9 .

title: Role of thoracic surgery and interventional bronchoscopy in XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is uncommon and methods of management vary. During the past 17 years, we have seen 8 @entity0 with this condition. METHODS: Between 1984 and 2000, 8 @entity0 with @entity1 were seen on our service. Three @entity2 were caused by a thoracic operation, one was due to chronic cough, and in four, the @entity2 was congenital, with delayed presentation. RESULTS: Three @entity0 had minimal symptoms and were not operated on. Closure of chest wall in the other @entity0 was accomplished by suture approximation of ribs in 4 @entity0 and by @entity3 mesh in 1 @entity0 . There were no recurrences, and these @entity0 remain asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: Intercostal @entity2 are usually symptomatic and should be treated by operative closure. In @entity2 , the symptoms are usually minimal and complications are unlikely. These @entity2 can be left untreated, but the @entity0 should be followed.

title: XXXX of the lung.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Historically, the primary marker of quality for congenital cardiac surgery has been postoperative mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether additional markers (10 surgical metrics) independently predict length of stay (LOS), thereby providing specific targets for quality improvement. Ten metrics (unplanned ECMO, unplanned cardiac catheterization, revision of primary repair, delayed closure, @entity5 , reexploration for @entity2 , complete @entity3 , vocal @entity4 , @entity4 , and change in preoperative diagnosis) were defined in 2008 and subsequently collected from 1024 consecutive index congenital cardiac cases, yielding 990 cases. Four @entity0 characteristics and 22 case characteristics were used for risk adjustment. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to determine independent associations between each metric and postoperative LOS. Increased LOS was independently associated with revision of the primary repair (p  =  0.014), @entity3 requiring a permanent pacemaker (p  =  0.001), @entity4 requiring plication (p  <  0.001), and unplanned postoperative cardiac catheterization (p  <  0.001). Compared with @entity0 without each metric, LOS was 1.6 (95  % CI 1.1-2.2, p  =  0.014), 1.7 (95  % CI 1.2-2.3, p  =  0.001), 1.8 (95  % CI 1.4-2.3, p  <  0.001), and 2.0 (95  % CI 1.7-2.4, p  <  0.001) times as long, respectively. These effects equated to an additional 4.5-7.8  days in hospital, depending on the metric. The other 6 metrics were not independently associated with increased LOS. The quality of surgery during repair of @entity1 affects outcomes. Reducing the incidence of these 4 specific surgical metrics may significantly decrease LOS in this population.

title: Surgical Quality Predicts Length of Stay in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Historically, the primary marker of quality for congenital cardiac surgery has been postoperative mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether additional markers (10 surgical metrics) independently predict length of stay (LOS), thereby providing specific targets for quality improvement. Ten metrics (unplanned ECMO, unplanned cardiac catheterization, revision of primary repair, delayed closure, @entity5 , reexploration for @entity2 , complete @entity3 , vocal @entity4 , @entity4 , and change in preoperative diagnosis) were defined in 2008 and subsequently collected from 1024 consecutive index congenital cardiac cases, yielding 990 cases. Four @entity0 characteristics and 22 case characteristics were used for risk adjustment. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to determine independent associations between each metric and postoperative LOS. Increased LOS was independently associated with revision of the primary repair (p  =  0.014), @entity3 requiring a permanent pacemaker (p  =  0.001), @entity4 requiring plication (p  <  0.001), and unplanned postoperative cardiac catheterization (p  <  0.001). Compared with @entity0 without each metric, LOS was 1.6 (95  % CI 1.1-2.2, p  =  0.014), 1.7 (95  % CI 1.2-2.3, p  =  0.001), 1.8 (95  % CI 1.4-2.3, p  <  0.001), and 2.0 (95  % CI 1.7-2.4, p  <  0.001) times as long, respectively. These effects equated to an additional 4.5-7.8  days in hospital, depending on the metric. The other 6 metrics were not independently associated with increased LOS. The quality of surgery during repair of @entity1 affects outcomes. Reducing the incidence of these 4 specific surgical metrics may significantly decrease LOS in this population.

title: Surgical Quality Predicts Length of Stay in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The testing of the @entity0 decontamination process using spores of @entity1 has gained widespread acceptance. Usually, commercially available Biological Indicators (BIs) with a specified resistance to @entity0 are challenged to qualify the process. The question arises whether the resistance of test spores is dependant on the type of carrier material and whether the resistance is representative for the system under test. The objective of the study is to quantify the effect of different carrier materials on the resistance of spores of @entity1 to @entity0 . Materials from which isolators were built, as well as those used in disposables during daily work were investigated. These materials were inoculated with 106 spores of @entity1 (ATCC 7953). The spore resistance was tested to a well defined @entity0 decontamination cycle by determining the D-value using the "Fractional Negative" method. This paper reports on the effect of different carrier materials to the resistance of the test organism against @entity0 . Various materials have significantly increased resistance of the spores and should be avoided in isolator systems. If commercially available BIs are used for process qualification, the resistance of the BI used, the fluctuation in resistance caused by isolator materials, the required log reduction, and at least the bioload of isolator surfaces need to be known.

title: Effect of carrier materials on the resistance of spores of XXXX to gaseous hydrogen peroxide.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antireflux effects of a modified Nissen fundoplication following esophagectomy for @entity1 . METHODS: From March 2006 to March 2007, 70 @entity0 with @entity3 were divided into two groups randomly. Esophagogastrostomy with a stapler only was perform in 35 @entity0 as controls (group C), and a modified Nissen fundoplication was added after esophagogastrostomy with stapler in the other 35 @entity0 as observed group (group O). There were 48 male and 22 female, ranging in age from 47 to 77 years (mean 60.1 years). The operative morbidity and mortality were recorded. Fourty-nine @entity0 were followed at 3 months after surgery, and the questionnaire of life quality (EORTC QLQ C-30) was conducted in 24 @entity0 in group C and 25 @entity0 in group O. Thirty @entity0 were examined with esophageal manometry, 24 h pH monitoring and gastroscopy. There were 16 @entity0 in group C and 14 @entity0 in group O. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in postoperative morbidity between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the scores of heart burn and regurgitation in the group O were less than in group C (P = 0.041 and 0.034 respectively), but there was no difference in scores of @entity4 between the two groups (P = 0.677). The pressure at the anastomotic site was higher than that in the stomach in group O (P = 0.032), but not in group C (P = 0.448). DeMeester score in group O was 53    46, compared to 140    103 in group C (P = 0.043). The score of @entity5 was 0.9    0.8 in group O, which was lower than 1.6    1.0 in group C (P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Addition of modified Nissen fundoplication after esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy for @entity1 significantly increases the pressure at the anastomotic site, thus reduces the extent of @entity2 , which leads to the reduction of the extent of @entity2 and the improvement of the quality of life.

title: [Antireflux anastomosis following resection of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in a large cohort of @entity0 , oocyte quality and IVF outcome after coasting used to prevent @entity1 . SETTING: Retrospective study. @entity0 : IVF cycles which had reached @entity2 serum levels of at least 4,000 pg/mL without being coasted (control group, n = 208), or where coasting was applied (coasted group, n = 157). METHOD: IVF data of coasted cycles were compared with the control group. Within the group of coasted cycles, we also analyzed whether indirect parameters related to coasting had an effect on IVF results. RESULTS: Coasted @entity0 showed higher maximum @entity2 levels and greater numbers of large follicles than the control group, but lower oocyte recovery rates. There were no other significant differences between the two groups of @entity0 . Within the group of coasted @entity0 , no significant relation was found between the number of days of coasting, the @entity2 level on the day of hCG, or the fall in @entity2 and the outcome, whether measured in terms of oocyte quality, pregnancy rate, or incidence of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Coasting seems to be associated with a reduced oocyte collection rate, especially when the coasting period is prolonged. However, this does not result in reduced oocyte quality. The length of the coasting period and degree of @entity2 decrease do not seem to alter the results in terms of pregnancy rates.

title: Oocyte quality and IVF outcome after coasting to prevent XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The last decade witnessed the emergence of genomics, a set of high-throughput molecular measurements in biological samples. These pan-genomic and agnostic approaches have revolutionized the molecular biology and genetics of @entity0 . These techniques have been applied successfully to @entity11 . Exome sequencing identified new major drivers in all @entity0 types, including @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity10 and @entity8 mutations in @entity4 producing @entity2 (APA), @entity12 mutations in @entity3 producing @entity2 (CPA), @entity6 mutations in primary bilateral macronodular @entity5 (PBMAH), and @entity13 mutations in @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Moreover, the various genomic approaches -including exome sequencing, transcriptome, miRNome, genome, and methylome-, converge into a single molecular classification of @entity11 . Especially for @entity5 , two main molecular groups have emerged, showing major differences in outcomes. These @entity5 groups differ by their gene expression profiles, but also by recurrent mutations and specific DNA hypermethylation patterns in the subgroup of poor outcome. The clinical impact of these findings is just starting. The main altered signaling pathways now become therapeutic targets. The molecular groups of diseases individualize robust subtypes within diseases such as APA, CPA, PBMAH and @entity5 . A revised nosology of @entity11 should impact the clinical research. Obvious consequences also include genetic counseling for the new @entity1 such as @entity6 mutations in PBMAH, and a better prognostication of @entity5 based on targeted measurements of a few discriminant molecular alterations. Identifying the main molecular groups of @entity11 by extensively gathering the molecular variations is a significant step forward towards precision medicine.

title: ENDOCRINE TUMOURS: The genomics of XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Met care demands are key aspects in poststroke quality of care. This study aimed to identify baseline predictors and 12-month factors that were associated with perceived unmet rehabilitation needs 1 year poststroke. METHODS: Data on @entity0 who were independent in activities of daily living, hospitalized for @entity3 during 2008 to 2010, and followed up 1 year poststroke through a postal questionnaire were obtained from the Swedish @entity3 register. @entity0 reporting fulfilled rehabilitation needs were compared with those with unmet needs (Chi square test). RESULTS: The study included 37 383 @entity0 , 46% female. At 12 months, 8019 (21.5%) @entity0 reported unmet rehabilitation needs. Compared with those with met rehabilitation needs, @entity0 reporting unmet rehabilitation needs were older (75.4 versus 72.4 years; P<0.0001); a higher proportion was activities of daily living-dependent (59% versus 31.9%; P<0.0001) and institutionalized (24.3% versus 11.5%; P<0.0001) at 12 months. @entity5 (32.3% versus 24.9%; P<0.0001) and insufficient @entity4 medication were more common in @entity0 with unmet needs (54.5% versus 32.3%; P<0.0001). Baseline predictors of unmet rehabilitation needs at 12 months in an age-adjusted model were severe @entity3 (odds ratio [OR]=3.04; confidence interval [CI]: 2.39-3.87), prior @entity3 (OR=1.63; CI: 1.53-1.75), female sex (OR=1.14; CI: 1.07-1.20), @entity1 (OR=1.24; CI: 1.15-1.32), @entity3 other than @entity2 (OR=1.26; CI: 1.20-1.32), and @entity6 (OR=1.19; CI: 1.12-1.27). CONCLUSIONS: Unfulfilled rehabilitation needs 1 year poststroke are common and associated with high age, dependency, @entity4 , and @entity5 . Long-term follow-up systems should, therefore, be comprehensive and address multiple domains of poststroke problems, rather than having a single-domain focus.

title: Perceived Unmet Rehabilitation Needs 1 Year After XXXX : An Observational Study From the Swedish @entity3 Register.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Met care demands are key aspects in poststroke quality of care. This study aimed to identify baseline predictors and 12-month factors that were associated with perceived unmet rehabilitation needs 1 year poststroke. METHODS: Data on @entity0 who were independent in activities of daily living, hospitalized for @entity3 during 2008 to 2010, and followed up 1 year poststroke through a postal questionnaire were obtained from the Swedish @entity3 register. @entity0 reporting fulfilled rehabilitation needs were compared with those with unmet needs (Chi square test). RESULTS: The study included 37 383 @entity0 , 46% female. At 12 months, 8019 (21.5%) @entity0 reported unmet rehabilitation needs. Compared with those with met rehabilitation needs, @entity0 reporting unmet rehabilitation needs were older (75.4 versus 72.4 years; P<0.0001); a higher proportion was activities of daily living-dependent (59% versus 31.9%; P<0.0001) and institutionalized (24.3% versus 11.5%; P<0.0001) at 12 months. @entity5 (32.3% versus 24.9%; P<0.0001) and insufficient @entity4 medication were more common in @entity0 with unmet needs (54.5% versus 32.3%; P<0.0001). Baseline predictors of unmet rehabilitation needs at 12 months in an age-adjusted model were severe @entity3 (odds ratio [OR]=3.04; confidence interval [CI]: 2.39-3.87), prior @entity3 (OR=1.63; CI: 1.53-1.75), female sex (OR=1.14; CI: 1.07-1.20), @entity1 (OR=1.24; CI: 1.15-1.32), @entity3 other than @entity2 (OR=1.26; CI: 1.20-1.32), and @entity6 (OR=1.19; CI: 1.12-1.27). CONCLUSIONS: Unfulfilled rehabilitation needs 1 year poststroke are common and associated with high age, dependency, @entity4 , and @entity5 . Long-term follow-up systems should, therefore, be comprehensive and address multiple domains of poststroke problems, rather than having a single-domain focus.

title: Perceived Unmet Rehabilitation Needs 1 Year After @entity3 : An Observational Study From the Swedish XXXX Register.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate different algorithms used to analyse retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) data obtained by scanning laser polarimetry, in order to compare their relative abilities to discriminate between @entity0 with glaucomatous localised nerve fibre @entity1 and normal subjects. METHODS: 48 eyes of 48 glaucomatous @entity0 with localised RNFL defects and 53 eyes of 53 healthy subjects were included in this study. The localised RNFL defects were identified by RNFL photography and/or slit lamp biomicroscopic examination. All @entity0 were submitted to RNFL examination using scanning laser polarimetry ( @entity2 nerve fibre analyser, Laser Diagnostic Technologies, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA). Three methods of analysis of polarimetry data were used: @entity2 software provided parameters; RNFL thickness measurements in 16 equal sectors around the optic disc (sectoral analysis); and Fourier analysis of the curve of distribution of RNFL thickness measurements. Linear discriminant functions were developed to assess sensitivity and specificity of the sectoral based analysis and Fourier analysis and were compared to the @entity2 parameters. In addition, areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were compared. RESULTS: At a fixed specificity of 91%, the sensitivity of the linear discriminant function from sectoral data (LDF sectoral) was 81%, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.93. The linear discriminant function from Fourier measures had a comparable performance, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.93, and sensitivity of 71% for specificity at 91%. At the same specificity, the sensitivities of the @entity2 software provided parameters ranged from 15% to 40%. The areas under the ROC curves for the LDF sectoral and LDF Fourier were significantly greater than the ROC curve area for the single best @entity2 parameter. CONCLUSION: The sectoral based analysis and the Fourier analysis of RNFL polarimetry data resulted in an improved detection of eyes with glaucomatous localised nerve fibre @entity1 compared to the @entity2 software provided parameters.

title: Comparison of algorithms for detection of localised nerve fibre XXXX using scanning laser polarimetry.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Nervous system development is reliant on neuronal pathfinding, the process in which axons are guided to their target cells by specific extracellular cues. The ability of neurons to extend over long distances in response to environmental guidance signals is made possible by the growth cone, a highly motile structure found at the end of neuronal processes. Growth cones detect directional cues and respond with either @entity0 . The motility of growth cones is dependent on rapid reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, presumably mediated by actin-associated proteins under the control of incoming guidance signals. This article reviews how one such family of proteins, the @entity2 /cofilins, are emerging as key regulators of growth cone actin dynamics. These proteins are essential for rapid actin turnover in a variety of different cell types. @entity2 /cofilins are heavily co-localized with actin in growth cones and are necessary for neurite outgrowth. @entity3 activities are regulated through reversible phosphorylation by LIM kinases and slingshot phosphatases. LIM kinases are downstream effectors of the Rho GTPases Rho, Rac, and @entity1 . Growing evidence suggests that extracellular guidance cues may locally alter actin dynamics by regulating the activity of LIM kinase and @entity3 phosphatases via the Rho GTPases. In this way, @entity2 /cofilins and their upstream effectors may be pivotal to our understanding of how guidance information is translated into physical alterations of the growth cone actin cytoskeleton.

title: Regulation of growth cone actin dynamics by XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 is omnipresent in the day-to-day life of the surgeon and other medical personnel who work in the operating room. In addition, @entity0 are also exposed, especially and uniquely so in laparoscopic cases where smoke is created and trapped in a closed and absorptive space. @entity1 has typically been produced by electrocautery but is now ever more present in a new form with the burgeoning use of the laser and the harmonic scalpel. Several cases of transmission of @entity2 ) from @entity0 to treating professional via laser smoke have alerted us to the reality that surgical smoke in certain situations is far form benign. However, surgeons rarely take measures to protect themselves, their co-coworkers and @entity0 from surgical smoke. Should we and, if so, how do we differentiate between different types of smoke and should we move toward increasing our efforts to protect ourselves, our co-workers, and @entity0 from it? This article attempts to sort through the available data and draw some reasonable conclusions regarding surgical smoke. In general, surgical smoke is a biohazard and cannot be ignored. At a minimum, surgical smoke is a toxin similar to cigarette smoke. However, other dangers exist. This is especially true in specific circumstances such as when tissue infected with dangerous viruses is aerosolized by lasers. In addition, smoke generated by the harmonic scalpel, being a relatively cold vapor similar to laser smoke, should be further investigated for its potential ill effects and until then, looked upon with reasonable caution. Although not a high-priority in most surgical cases, surgeons should support efforts to minimize OR personnel, @entity0 , and their own exposure to surgical smoke.

title: XXXX : a review of the literature. Is this just a lot of hot air?

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 result from deletions in the nuclear or mitochondrial (mt) DNA. Deletions in the mtDNA are often sporadic. Mitochondriopathies are commonly associated with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Here we describe a @entity0 with a structural mtDNA aberration whose presenting sign was impaired visual acuity in the presence of a pigmented @entity4 but lack of @entity5 . @entity0 : A 7-year-old @entity0 presented with impaired visual acuity (0.4 OD and 0.5 OS), coarse @entity7 of the posterior pole and @entity7 with irregular depigmentation in the periphery. Scotopic and photopic as well as multifocal ERG were abnormal. Further symptoms included an incomplete @entity1 , @entity6 , lapses of coordination and an intention @entity2 . Compared with her twin sister, the @entity0 's speech was less modulated and slower. MRI scanning disclosed symmetric changes of density in the basal ganglia and nucleus dentatus as well as in the brainstem. ECG yielded no evidence of an @entity3 . Molecular biological analysis showed a structural rearrangement of the mtDNA. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 in early ages may present with pronounced retinal changes in the absence of external @entity9 .Therefore, it appears prudent to include a neuropediatric evaluation as well as a mutation screening of the mtDNA in the evaluation of pediatric @entity0 with diffuse non-specific @entity4 .

title: [Pigmented XXXX as a presenting sign of @entity10 without external @entity9 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 result from deletions in the nuclear or mitochondrial (mt) DNA. Deletions in the mtDNA are often sporadic. Mitochondriopathies are commonly associated with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Here we describe a @entity0 with a structural mtDNA aberration whose presenting sign was impaired visual acuity in the presence of a pigmented @entity4 but lack of @entity5 . @entity0 : A 7-year-old @entity0 presented with impaired visual acuity (0.4 OD and 0.5 OS), coarse @entity7 of the posterior pole and @entity7 with irregular depigmentation in the periphery. Scotopic and photopic as well as multifocal ERG were abnormal. Further symptoms included an incomplete @entity1 , @entity6 , lapses of coordination and an intention @entity2 . Compared with her twin sister, the @entity0 's speech was less modulated and slower. MRI scanning disclosed symmetric changes of density in the basal ganglia and nucleus dentatus as well as in the brainstem. ECG yielded no evidence of an @entity3 . Molecular biological analysis showed a structural rearrangement of the mtDNA. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 in early ages may present with pronounced retinal changes in the absence of external @entity9 .Therefore, it appears prudent to include a neuropediatric evaluation as well as a mutation screening of the mtDNA in the evaluation of pediatric @entity0 with diffuse non-specific @entity4 .

title: [Pigmented @entity4 as a presenting sign of XXXX without external @entity9 ].

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 result from deletions in the nuclear or mitochondrial (mt) DNA. Deletions in the mtDNA are often sporadic. Mitochondriopathies are commonly associated with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Here we describe a @entity0 with a structural mtDNA aberration whose presenting sign was impaired visual acuity in the presence of a pigmented @entity4 but lack of @entity5 . @entity0 : A 7-year-old @entity0 presented with impaired visual acuity (0.4 OD and 0.5 OS), coarse @entity7 of the posterior pole and @entity7 with irregular depigmentation in the periphery. Scotopic and photopic as well as multifocal ERG were abnormal. Further symptoms included an incomplete @entity1 , @entity6 , lapses of coordination and an intention @entity2 . Compared with her twin sister, the @entity0 's speech was less modulated and slower. MRI scanning disclosed symmetric changes of density in the basal ganglia and nucleus dentatus as well as in the brainstem. ECG yielded no evidence of an @entity3 . Molecular biological analysis showed a structural rearrangement of the mtDNA. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 in early ages may present with pronounced retinal changes in the absence of external @entity9 .Therefore, it appears prudent to include a neuropediatric evaluation as well as a mutation screening of the mtDNA in the evaluation of pediatric @entity0 with diffuse non-specific @entity4 .

title: [Pigmented @entity4 as a presenting sign of @entity10 without external XXXX ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity7 is a @entity0 , leading to a functional reduction in @entity6 channel current. This anomaly occurs in the absence of other demonstrable @entity1 . The ECG diagnostic pattern is characterized by coved ST-segment elevation in V1-V3 leads. @entity7 may be complicated by malignant @entity2 and @entity3 . Risk stratification in individuals with type 1 Brugada ECG pattern for primary prevention of @entity3 is an unsolved issue. Recognized risk factors for @entity3 are spontaneous type 1 ECG pattern, @entity4 , or documented @entity5 . Family history of @entity3 is a controversial risk factor. However, all these factors have a low positive predictive value. The prognostic significance of electrophysiological study (EPS) is debated. There is a consensus about the low predictive value of a positive EPS and a low specificity. However, while some authors deny at all its usefulness, others suggest that EPS is useful when considered together with other clinical risk factors. According to Brugada brothers our personal data suggest that (i) in subjects with type 1 Brugada ECG no single clinical risk factor nor EPS alone are able to identify subjects at the highest risk; (ii) a multiparametric approach (including @entity4 , family history of @entity3 and positive EPS) helps to identify populations at the highest risk; (iii) subjects at the highest risk are those with a spontaneous type 1 ECG and at least two risk factors; (iv) the remaining are at low risk.

title: [ XXXX : diagnosis and risk stratification].

answer: @entity7


abstract: CONTEXT: Ingredients have been used in modern cigarette manufacturing to facilitate @entity2 processing, provide flavor, and preserve @entity2 . Concern has been raised regarding the use of ingredients in cigarette manufacturing due to the possible generation of toxic chemicals resulting from their combustion when added to @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: Investigate the impact of individual ingredients on cigarette smoke @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 95 ingredients were tested individually through addition at different concentrations to the @entity2 of experimental cigarettes. Mainstream cigarette smoke chemistry analysis, bacterial mutagenicity testing, and @entity1 testing were conducted. Additionally, 31 of the ingredients were tested in 90-day nose-only @entity0 inhalation studies using mainstream cigarette smoke. Studies were designed following conventional @entity1 testing methods employed for food additives and other consumer products. RESULTS: The studies reported here demonstrate that high levels of some ingredients can change the quantity of some smoke constituents, altering the smoke chemistry profile. From the panel of biological endpoints monitored, these added ingredients produced minimal changes in the overall @entity1 profile of mainstream cigarette smoke. In some cases, the addition of high levels of an ingredient caused a small reduction in @entity1 findings, probably due to displacement of burning @entity2 . CONCLUSION: The battery of testing results presented here is a useful addition to the available scientific information for cigarette ingredients and extends the dataset which can be used for evaluating their appropriate use.

title: An evaluation of the XXXX of 95 ingredients added individually to experimental cigarettes: approach and methods.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Sinonasal @entity9 is a rare, life-threatening and insidious @entity6 . Uncontrolled @entity1 and immunsupression are the most important risk factors. The @entity5 is clinically characterized by black @entity3 tissues and crusting in the nasal cavity. In acute fulminant rhinosinusitis and particularly in @entity5 caused by mucor species, black scar tissues seen on the nasal mucosa are pathognomonic. High level of suspicion in the risk group the diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological examination. The rhinoorbital form is even rarer and the findings may range from @entity4 to ophtalmoplegia and @entity8 . In this report we present a 72-year-old female @entity0 with uncontrolled @entity1 who was admited with the complaints of exophtalmos in the left eye, @entity7 and @entity2 . In the physical examination there was purulent discharge in the middle meatus and left @entity10 was detected on computed tomography. We performed an emergency endoscopic sinus surgery. While we did not observe any @entity3 tissues, granulation tissues were detected and pus was drained from the orbital cavity. The result of the histopathological examination was reported as invasive @entity9 . We presented this case to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of @entity9 .

title: [ @entity10 with XXXX : a case report].

answer: @entity10


abstract: Sinonasal @entity9 is a rare, life-threatening and insidious @entity6 . Uncontrolled @entity1 and immunsupression are the most important risk factors. The @entity5 is clinically characterized by black @entity3 tissues and crusting in the nasal cavity. In acute fulminant rhinosinusitis and particularly in @entity5 caused by mucor species, black scar tissues seen on the nasal mucosa are pathognomonic. High level of suspicion in the risk group the diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological examination. The rhinoorbital form is even rarer and the findings may range from @entity4 to ophtalmoplegia and @entity8 . In this report we present a 72-year-old female @entity0 with uncontrolled @entity1 who was admited with the complaints of exophtalmos in the left eye, @entity7 and @entity2 . In the physical examination there was purulent discharge in the middle meatus and left @entity10 was detected on computed tomography. We performed an emergency endoscopic sinus surgery. While we did not observe any @entity3 tissues, granulation tissues were detected and pus was drained from the orbital cavity. The result of the histopathological examination was reported as invasive @entity9 . We presented this case to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of @entity9 .

title: [ XXXX with @entity10 : a case report].

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: When @entity1 @entity0 have insufficient response to @entity3 , pharmacological augmentation is often applied. This meta-analysis summarizes available evidence on efficacy of pharmacological augmentation of @entity3 treatment in @entity1 spectrum disorder. METHODS: Only double-blind randomized controlled studies were included. Primary outcome measure was total symptom severity, and secondary outcome measures were subscores for positive and negative symptoms. Effect sizes were calculated from individual studies and combined to standardized mean differences (Hedges's g). RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies reporting on 15 different augmentations were included. Significant better efficacy than placebo on total symptom severity was observed for @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity7 (a glutamatergic agonist). The positive effect of @entity5 disappeared after outlier removal. The other positive findings were based on single studies. Significantly better efficacy on positive symptom severity was observed for @entity4 and @entity6 . The effect of @entity4 disappeared after outlier removal. Results for @entity6 were based on a single randomized controlled trial. @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity7 showed better efficacy for negative symptoms than placebo, all based on single studies. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for efficacy of @entity3 augmentation is currently scarce. Efficacy of @entity5 and @entity4 were both dependent on single studies with deviating findings. The effect of @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity7 were based on single studies. Thus, despite their popularity, pharmacological augmentations of @entity3 are not (yet) demonstrated to be superior to placebo.

title: Pharmacological augmentation strategies for XXXX @entity0 with insufficient response to @entity3 : a quantitative literature review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: When @entity1 @entity0 have insufficient response to @entity3 , pharmacological augmentation is often applied. This meta-analysis summarizes available evidence on efficacy of pharmacological augmentation of @entity3 treatment in @entity1 spectrum disorder. METHODS: Only double-blind randomized controlled studies were included. Primary outcome measure was total symptom severity, and secondary outcome measures were subscores for positive and negative symptoms. Effect sizes were calculated from individual studies and combined to standardized mean differences (Hedges's g). RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies reporting on 15 different augmentations were included. Significant better efficacy than placebo on total symptom severity was observed for @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity7 (a glutamatergic agonist). The positive effect of @entity5 disappeared after outlier removal. The other positive findings were based on single studies. Significantly better efficacy on positive symptom severity was observed for @entity4 and @entity6 . The effect of @entity4 disappeared after outlier removal. Results for @entity6 were based on a single randomized controlled trial. @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity7 showed better efficacy for negative symptoms than placebo, all based on single studies. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for efficacy of @entity3 augmentation is currently scarce. Efficacy of @entity5 and @entity4 were both dependent on single studies with deviating findings. The effect of @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity7 were based on single studies. Thus, despite their popularity, pharmacological augmentations of @entity3 are not (yet) demonstrated to be superior to placebo.

title: Pharmacological augmentation strategies for @entity1 @entity0 with insufficient response to XXXX : a quantitative literature review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: When @entity1 @entity0 have insufficient response to @entity3 , pharmacological augmentation is often applied. This meta-analysis summarizes available evidence on efficacy of pharmacological augmentation of @entity3 treatment in @entity1 spectrum disorder. METHODS: Only double-blind randomized controlled studies were included. Primary outcome measure was total symptom severity, and secondary outcome measures were subscores for positive and negative symptoms. Effect sizes were calculated from individual studies and combined to standardized mean differences (Hedges's g). RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies reporting on 15 different augmentations were included. Significant better efficacy than placebo on total symptom severity was observed for @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity7 (a glutamatergic agonist). The positive effect of @entity5 disappeared after outlier removal. The other positive findings were based on single studies. Significantly better efficacy on positive symptom severity was observed for @entity4 and @entity6 . The effect of @entity4 disappeared after outlier removal. Results for @entity6 were based on a single randomized controlled trial. @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity7 showed better efficacy for negative symptoms than placebo, all based on single studies. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for efficacy of @entity3 augmentation is currently scarce. Efficacy of @entity5 and @entity4 were both dependent on single studies with deviating findings. The effect of @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity7 were based on single studies. Thus, despite their popularity, pharmacological augmentations of @entity3 are not (yet) demonstrated to be superior to placebo.

title: Pharmacological augmentation strategies for @entity1 XXXX with insufficient response to @entity3 : a quantitative literature review.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if pretonsillectomy injection of local anesthetics with and without @entity3 reduces @entity1 following tonsillectomy in @entity0 . DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Tertiary care academic medical center. @entity0 : A total of 120 @entity0 , ages 3 to 17 years, presenting for tonsillectomy. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were randomized to 1 of 3 pretonsillectomy injection groups: (1) saline, (2) @entity5 plus @entity4 , or (3) @entity5 plus @entity4 plus @entity3 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The total number of analgesic doses consumed on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, 5, and 7. Secondary outcome variables included total time and intravenous analgesic doses required in the recovery room, visual analog scale @entity1 scores, and maximum tolerated diet on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 7. RESULTS: The total number of analgesic doses on PODs 1, 3, 5, and 7 were not significantly different between the randomization groups (P = .53). The median numbers (interquartile ranges) of analgesic doses were 12.0 (9.0-16.8) for the @entity5 plus @entity4 plus @entity3 group, 12.0 (10.0-16.5) for the @entity5 plus @entity4 group, and 14.0 (9.0-15) for the placebo group. The placebo group was found to have a more advanced diet on @entity2 (P = .04) and significantly less @entity1 on POD 3 (P = .02). Multivariable analysis showed @entity0 in the @entity5 plus @entity4 plus @entity3 group were significantly less likely to need @entity1 medication in the recovery room compared with @entity0 in the placebo group and again showed that the placebo group achieved a significantly more advanced diet and had less @entity1 on @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Pretonsillectomy injection of @entity5 , 1%, and @entity4 , 0.5%, with or without @entity3 (25  g) is not recommended for the @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00678379.

title: Comparison of XXXX , local anesthetics, and placebo for @entity1 reduction in pediatric tonsillectomy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if pretonsillectomy injection of local anesthetics with and without @entity3 reduces @entity1 following tonsillectomy in @entity0 . DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Tertiary care academic medical center. @entity0 : A total of 120 @entity0 , ages 3 to 17 years, presenting for tonsillectomy. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were randomized to 1 of 3 pretonsillectomy injection groups: (1) saline, (2) @entity5 plus @entity4 , or (3) @entity5 plus @entity4 plus @entity3 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The total number of analgesic doses consumed on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, 5, and 7. Secondary outcome variables included total time and intravenous analgesic doses required in the recovery room, visual analog scale @entity1 scores, and maximum tolerated diet on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 7. RESULTS: The total number of analgesic doses on PODs 1, 3, 5, and 7 were not significantly different between the randomization groups (P = .53). The median numbers (interquartile ranges) of analgesic doses were 12.0 (9.0-16.8) for the @entity5 plus @entity4 plus @entity3 group, 12.0 (10.0-16.5) for the @entity5 plus @entity4 group, and 14.0 (9.0-15) for the placebo group. The placebo group was found to have a more advanced diet on @entity2 (P = .04) and significantly less @entity1 on POD 3 (P = .02). Multivariable analysis showed @entity0 in the @entity5 plus @entity4 plus @entity3 group were significantly less likely to need @entity1 medication in the recovery room compared with @entity0 in the placebo group and again showed that the placebo group achieved a significantly more advanced diet and had less @entity1 on @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Pretonsillectomy injection of @entity5 , 1%, and @entity4 , 0.5%, with or without @entity3 (25  g) is not recommended for the @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00678379.

title: Comparison of @entity3 , local anesthetics, and placebo for XXXX reduction in pediatric tonsillectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Three experiments examined psychological factors which inhibit pituitary-adrenal activity in 12-, 16-, and 20-day-old @entity1 . @entity0 @entity1 were placed in heated novel test arenas for 30 min--a treatment which increases @entity2 secretion--and were presented with different appetitive stimuli in order to determine whether these stimuli inhibit this increased hormone secretion. The first experiment was a factorial combination of two conditions: suckling an anesthetized dam and milk ingestion through an intraoral cannula. At all ages, suckling inhibited @entity2 secretion but milk ingestion did not, nor was there an interaction of these factors. In the second experiment, the importance of suckling was assessed by allowing pups' contact with an anesthetized dam either with or without the opportunity to suckle. At all ages, contact with suckling and contact alone were equally effective in inhibiting @entity2 secretion. The third experiment asked whether contact with a lactating female is necessary for pituitary-adrenal inhibition or whether more distal cues associated with lactation are sufficient. Pups were tested under one of four treatments formed by a 2(Lactating vs. Virgin Female) X 2(Contact vs. No Contact) factorial design. At all ages inhibition of @entity2 secretion occurred only in animals which were allowed contact with an anesthetized female. Lactating and virgin females were equally effective for the 12- and 16-day-old pups, but contact with a virgin female was less effective for the 20-day-old pups. These findings indicate that neuroendocrine mechanisms subserving inhibition of the pituitary-adrenal system exist during the preweanling period in the @entity1 , and suggest the possibility of maternal regulation of this physiological system during development.

title: Maternal contact inhibits pituitary-adrenal stress responses in preweanling XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether timing of @entity5 cessation influences outcome after abdominal operations. METHODS: A review was performed of 104 @entity0 receiving @entity5 who underwent abdominal operations between March 2003 and March 2009. @entity0 were grouped by last @entity5 use: group A (<7 days) and group B (>= 7 days). RESULTS: Of 104 @entity0 , 43 were in group A and 61 were in group B. Overall, 6 @entity2 occurred (group A, 5 @entity0 [12%] vs group B, 1 [2%]; P  =  .03) and 27 @entity0 required intensive care unit admission (group A, 16 @entity0 [37%] vs group B, 11 [18%]; P  =  .03). Twenty-one @entity0 developed a @entity3 ; 19 complications were managed by blood transfusion and 2 required reoperation. Group A vs group B had significantly increased rates of @entity1 requiring blood transfusion (13 @entity0 [30%] vs 8 [13%]; P  =  .03). No significant difference in @entity1 resulting in reoperation or mortality was demonstrated. Timing of @entity5 cessation within 7 days did not affect @entity1 risk. Eighty-nine @entity0 (86%) underwent elective operations (group A, 30 @entity0 [70%] vs group B, 59 [97%]; P  <  .001). While elective @entity0 in group A vs those in group B demonstrated a trend toward increased risk of @entity1 requiring transfusion (7 @entity0 [23%] vs 8 [14%]; P  =  .25), no significant difference in intensive care unit admission (group A, 6 @entity0 [20%] vs group B, 9 [15%]; P  =  .31) or mortality (1 [3%] vs 1 [2%]; P  =  .62) was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: While @entity5 use within 7 days of an operation significantly increased the risk of @entity1 , most @entity4 episodes were successfully managed by transfusion without an increase in @entity4 -related mortality or necessity for reoperation. After controlling for operative urgency, no significant difference in mortality or intensive care unit admission was demonstrated in @entity0 undergoing elective procedures. High-risk @entity0 undergoing elective operations may not require preoperative @entity5 cessation. When @entity5 cessation is warranted, 7 days before the procedure is recommended. Perioperative risk does not vary by timing of cessation within 7 days of an operation.

title: Cessation of XXXX before major abdominal procedures.

answer: @entity5