abstract: The present study examines the development of @entity1 accumulation in cells of two brain nuclei that are involved in controlling vocal behavior in zebra finches ( @entity3 ). HVc (caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum) is involved with vocal production in adult birds, and @entity0 (magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum) is involved with the initial ability to learn song. In both of these nuclei there is an increase in the proportion of cells that are labeled by systemic injections of tritiated @entity2 in juvenile male zebra finches during the time when production of song is becoming stereotyped (25-60 days). Within @entity0 there is an overall loss of cells during this time, such that the absolute number of @entity1 target cells in @entity0 remains at a constant level. However, it does not appear to be the case that unlabeled cells are selectively lost from @entity0 . Rather it appears that both labeled and unlabeled cells are lost, and the absolute number of labeled cells is maintained at a constant level via recruitment of additional labeled cells from the unlabeled population (i.e., some @entity0 cells that are unlabeled in young birds become labeled in older birds). In line with this hypothesis, there is a large increase in the density of labeling in individual @entity0 cells, indicating that these cells have an enhanced ability to concentrate @entity1 . In contrast to the situation in @entity0 , there is an increase in the overall number of cells within HVc during this time; this increase in total cell number combines with the increased proportion of labeled cells such that the absolute number of @entity1 target cells in HVc increases threefold. The ability of individual HVc cells to accumulate @entity1 remains constant. The relationship of these changes in the pattern of @entity1 accumulation to other aspects of neural and behavioral development related to song in zebra finches are discussed.

title: Ontogenetic changes in the pattern of XXXX accumulation in song-control nuclei of male zebra finches.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Because of the central role of the sympathetic nervous system in mediating the stress response, plasma @entity4 (NE), @entity5 (E), and @entity3 (DA) levels were measured in 61 traumatically brain-injured @entity0 to determine whether @entity6 (CA) levels obtained within 48 hours after injury provide reliable prognostic markers of outcome. @entity0 outcome was determined at 1 week using the Glasgow @entity2 Scale (GCS) and at the time of discharge using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Levels of NE, E, and DA correlated highly with the admission GCS score (NE: r = 0.58, p less than 0.0001; E: r = 0.46, p less than 0.0025; DA: r = 0.27, p less than 0.04). Moreover, in the 21 @entity0 with GCS scores of 3 or 4 on admission, NE levels predicted outcome at 1 week. All six @entity0 with NE levels less than 900 pg/ml (normal level less than 447 pg/ml) improved to GCS scores of greater than 11, while 12 of 15 with NE values greater than 900 pg/ml remained with GCS scores of 3 to 6 or died. Levels of E and DA were not as useful. @entity6 levels also increased significantly as the GOS score worsened. Levels of NE and E were significantly higher in @entity0 who died or remained persistently vegetative than in those with better outcomes. In the 54 @entity0 who survived beyond 1 week, significant correlations were present between the length of hospitalization and NE (r = 0.71, p less than 0.0001) and E (r = 0.61, p less than 0.0001) levels. Concentrations of NE (r = 0.61, p less than 0.0004) and E (r = 0.48, p less than 0.01) were also highly correlated with the duration of ventilatory assistance. Analysis of the interactions of CA levels and GCS scores, duration of ventilatory assistance, and length of hospitalization revealed that the CA's either enhanced the reliability of the GCS score or were independent predictors of outcome. Thus, these findings indicate that alterations in circulating CA levels reflect the severity of the neurological insult and provide support for the use of CA measurements as a physiological marker of @entity0 outcome in both the acute and chronic phases of @entity1 .

title: The predictive value of catecholamines in assessing outcome in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present paper describes a component of a large population cost-effectiveness study that aimed to identify the averted burden and economic efficiency of current and optimal treatment for the major @entity0 . This paper reports on the findings for the @entity1 ( @entity6 / @entity7 , @entity3 , generalized @entity1 , @entity4 and @entity5 ). METHOD: Outcome was calculated as averted 'years lived with disability' ( @entity2 ), a population summary measure of disability burden. Costs were the direct health care costs in 1997-8 Australian dollars. The cost per @entity2 averted (efficiency) was calculated for those already in contact with the health system for a mental health problem (current care) and for a hypothetical optimal care package of evidence-based treatment for this same group. Data sources included the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being and published treatment effects and unit costs. RESULTS: Current coverage was around 40% for most disorders with the exception of @entity3 at 21%. Receipt of interventions consistent with evidence-based care ranged from 32% of those in contact with services for @entity3 to 64% for @entity4 . The cost of this care was estimated at dollar 400 million, resulting in a cost per @entity2 averted ranging from dollar 7761 for generalized @entity1 to dollar 34 389 for @entity6 / @entity7 . Under optimal care, costs remained similar but health gains were increased substantially, reducing the cost per @entity2 to < dollar 20 000 for all disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence-based care for @entity1 would produce greater population health gain at a similar cost to that of current care, resulting in a substantial increase in the cost-effectiveness of treatment.

title: Modelling the population cost-effectiveness of current and evidence-based optimal treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of the allograft is a major clinical problem after lungtransplantation. Repeated episodes of @entity1 increase the risk of developing @entity2 , the main cause of mortality in this @entity0 group. It is believed that @entity1 is caused by T-lymphocytes reacting to donor antigens and in turn activating antigen presenting cells (APC) such as alveolar macrophages. Hypothetically, the interferon-gamma inducing cytokine @entity3 released from activated macrophages can play a role in the development of @entity1 by modulating cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. DESIGN: To determine whether @entity3 may serve as a marker of @entity1 , we retrospectively analysed the concentration of soluble @entity3 protein and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) from lungtransplant recipients. @entity0 : To minimize confounding factors, eight pairs of @entity0 were matched for age, gender, pre-op diagnosis, type of operation, absence of infection and time post transplant. METHODS: BAL levels of @entity3 (ELISA) and BAL cell differentials were analysed before, during and after an episode of @entity1 and compared with the matched control group. CONCLUSION: We found no changes in @entity3 concentration in BAL associated with @entity1 . @entity3 in BAL did not correlate with BAL lymphocyte percentage. We conclude that change in soluble @entity3 protein does not constitute a useful marker of acute rejection in lung allograft recipients.

title: BAL levels of XXXX do not change before or during acute rejection in lungtransplant recipients.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 in @entity4 may occur due to granulomatous @entity8 . However, granulomatous @entity8 in the absence of features of extrarenal sarcoid, or other causes, has been reported very rarely. In this report we describe seven such @entity0 . METHODS: Since 1995, we have identified a number of @entity0 with biopsy-proven granulomatous @entity8 . @entity0 were excluded if they had (i) evidence of extrarenal sarcoid, (ii) infections that may have contributed to pathogenesis or (iii) an obvious drug-related aetiology. RESULTS: Seven @entity0 were identified, of whom five were male and two female, with a median age of 69. Median calculated creatinine clearance at presentation was 14 ml/min. Two had raised serum @entity6 at presentation and three had a raised serum @entity7 . All @entity0 were treated with @entity2 and five out of seven had an improvement in their renal function. Two @entity0 progressed to @entity5 despite treatment with @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic granulomatous @entity8 may represent a renal-limited form of sarcoid. It may be associated with hypercalcaemia and a raised serum @entity7 and usually responds to treatment with @entity3 .

title: Seven cases of granulomatous XXXX in the absence of extrarenal sarcoid.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blockade of the @entity4 -angiotensin system is the primary target in the treatment of @entity6 . Angiotensin II subtype 1 (AT1) receptor antagonists reduce @entity3 and lower blood pressure, but the initial time course of these effects after initiation of treatment is unknown. We evaluated the time course of the antihypertensive and antialbuminuric effect after initiation of AT1 receptor blockade by @entity7 in @entity6 . METHODS: Ten hypertensive type 1 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity6 were included in the study. After a washout period of 4 weeks, @entity0 received @entity7 100 mg once daily for 28 days. Every morning, one urine sample was collected for daily determination of albumin/ @entity5 ratio. Twenty-four hour blood pressure (Takeda TM2420), plasma @entity4 and plasma @entity5 were measured at baseline and days 7, 14 and 28. RESULTS: Baseline levels of urinary albumin/ @entity5 ratio and 24 h mean arterial blood pressure were 676 (402-1136) mg/g (geometric mean and 95% CI, respectively) and 100+/-3 mmHg (mean +/- SEM). Albumin/ @entity5 ratio was significantly reduced after 7 days of treatment by 29% (15-41) (95% CI) without significant further reductions during the 28 day study period (P<0.01 vs baseline). Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly lowered by 7 mmHg after 7 days of treatment and remained unchanged throughout the study (P<0.01 vs baseline). Plasma @entity4 was significantly increased from baseline after initiation of @entity7 treatment and stabilized after 7 days (P<0.01). We found no changes in plasma @entity5 during the study. CONCLUSIONS: The initial time course of the @entity2 and @entity3 are concordant, which suggests that systemic and renal haemodynamic mechanisms are of primary importance in the reduction of @entity3 .

title: Time course of the antiproteinuric and antihypertensive effect of XXXX in @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blockade of the @entity4 -angiotensin system is the primary target in the treatment of @entity6 . Angiotensin II subtype 1 (AT1) receptor antagonists reduce @entity3 and lower blood pressure, but the initial time course of these effects after initiation of treatment is unknown. We evaluated the time course of the antihypertensive and antialbuminuric effect after initiation of AT1 receptor blockade by @entity7 in @entity6 . METHODS: Ten hypertensive type 1 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity6 were included in the study. After a washout period of 4 weeks, @entity0 received @entity7 100 mg once daily for 28 days. Every morning, one urine sample was collected for daily determination of albumin/ @entity5 ratio. Twenty-four hour blood pressure (Takeda TM2420), plasma @entity4 and plasma @entity5 were measured at baseline and days 7, 14 and 28. RESULTS: Baseline levels of urinary albumin/ @entity5 ratio and 24 h mean arterial blood pressure were 676 (402-1136) mg/g (geometric mean and 95% CI, respectively) and 100+/-3 mmHg (mean +/- SEM). Albumin/ @entity5 ratio was significantly reduced after 7 days of treatment by 29% (15-41) (95% CI) without significant further reductions during the 28 day study period (P<0.01 vs baseline). Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly lowered by 7 mmHg after 7 days of treatment and remained unchanged throughout the study (P<0.01 vs baseline). Plasma @entity4 was significantly increased from baseline after initiation of @entity7 treatment and stabilized after 7 days (P<0.01). We found no changes in plasma @entity5 during the study. CONCLUSIONS: The initial time course of the @entity2 and @entity3 are concordant, which suggests that systemic and renal haemodynamic mechanisms are of primary importance in the reduction of @entity3 .

title: Time course of the antiproteinuric and antihypertensive effect of @entity7 in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is common in @entity0 with @entity1 , but is not always alleviated following kidney transplant. The objective of the present study was to assess the feasibility in renal transplant @entity0 of @entity3 treatment, an agent with proven efficacy in the management of @entity2 . METHODS: This was a phase IV, open, multicentre, 3 month, dose-escalation study. All @entity0 meeting the inclusion criteria were prescribed a dose of 50 mg @entity3 at the first visit. Thereafter the dose could be increased to 100 mg or reduced to 25 mg based on efficacy or tolerability. The primary efficacy parameter assessed the ability of @entity0 to achieve erections sufficient for intercourse and to maintain erections after penetration. Secondary endpoints assessed @entity0 satisfaction with @entity3 and the effect of @entity3 on their quality of life. @entity0 were carefully monitored throughout the study for adverse events, interactions with immunosuppressive therapy and effect on graft function. RESULTS: The study included 50 @entity0 in the intent-to-treat population. @entity3 significantly improved @entity0 's erection ability and the frequency of their erection maintenance. Analysis of the secondary efficacy parameters revealed that 66% of @entity0 believed treatment had improved their erections. @entity0 reported improvements in their sexual life and partner relationships and a high level of satisfaction with treatment. There were no interactions between @entity3 and the immunosuppressive drugs and there was no significant adverse effect of @entity3 on graft function. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is an effective and well-tolerated agent for the treatment of @entity2 in renal transplant recipients.

title: Early experience with @entity3 for the treatment of XXXX in renal transplant recipients.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is common in @entity0 with @entity1 , but is not always alleviated following kidney transplant. The objective of the present study was to assess the feasibility in renal transplant @entity0 of @entity3 treatment, an agent with proven efficacy in the management of @entity2 . METHODS: This was a phase IV, open, multicentre, 3 month, dose-escalation study. All @entity0 meeting the inclusion criteria were prescribed a dose of 50 mg @entity3 at the first visit. Thereafter the dose could be increased to 100 mg or reduced to 25 mg based on efficacy or tolerability. The primary efficacy parameter assessed the ability of @entity0 to achieve erections sufficient for intercourse and to maintain erections after penetration. Secondary endpoints assessed @entity0 satisfaction with @entity3 and the effect of @entity3 on their quality of life. @entity0 were carefully monitored throughout the study for adverse events, interactions with immunosuppressive therapy and effect on graft function. RESULTS: The study included 50 @entity0 in the intent-to-treat population. @entity3 significantly improved @entity0 's erection ability and the frequency of their erection maintenance. Analysis of the secondary efficacy parameters revealed that 66% of @entity0 believed treatment had improved their erections. @entity0 reported improvements in their sexual life and partner relationships and a high level of satisfaction with treatment. There were no interactions between @entity3 and the immunosuppressive drugs and there was no significant adverse effect of @entity3 on graft function. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is an effective and well-tolerated agent for the treatment of @entity2 in renal transplant recipients.

title: Early experience with XXXX for the treatment of @entity2 in renal transplant recipients.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Sixty-three consecutive @entity0 presented during an 18-month period with isolated closed @entity3 of the fifth metacarpal neck. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 20 months. Forty were recalled for study and divided into a conservative group (25 @entity0 ) and an operative group (15 @entity0 ). Both groups were statistically comparable. All @entity0 obtained good results. Subjectively, no @entity0 had long-term @entity2 or dissatisfaction with the functional or cosmetic result. Objectively, all @entity0 regained full joint motion and normal grip strength. Mild @entity4 was present in both groups, but the conservative group had less extensor lag. The main difference between the two groups centered on residual dorsal angulation. This @entity1 was considerably less in the operative group, although the cost of this improvement was significantly longer rehabilitation. Failure to correct dorsal angulation was not associated with functional disability.

title: Boxer's XXXX --conservative or operative management?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ossicular discontinuity may result from @entity1 , with or without @entity2 , and usually cannot be determined unless an operation is performed. If preoperative information can be used to determine whether or not the ossicular chain is intact, the @entity0 can be better informed and the surgeon can be better prepared before surgery. OBJECTIVE: To examine the correlation between preoperative findings and the status of the ossicular chain at surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: A tertiary referral center. @entity0 : Data from 190 @entity0 (212 ears) who were undergoing their first operations for @entity1 were reviewed. INTERVENTION: The operations for the @entity2 or noncholesteatoma ears were classified into different groups and analyzed separately. Ossicular discontinuity was identified only if the discontinuity of the ossicular chain was confirmed at the time of operation. RESULTS: The @entity2 group consisted of 59 ears, and the noncholesteatoma group contained 153 ears. In the @entity2 group, two statistically significant preoperative parameters were observed to be significantly correlated with ossicular discontinuity: persistently draining ears (p = 0.026) and a @entity2 that extended to the tympanic sinus (p = 0.006). In the noncholesteatoma group, only one parameter was observed to be predictive of ossicular discontinuity. In this group of @entity0 , perforation of the tympanic membrane with an edge adherent to the promontory occurred significantly more frequently in @entity0 with ossicular discontinuity (p = 0.004) than in those with intact ossicular chains. Surprisingly, an air-bone gap was not significantly correlated with ossicular discontinuity. The @entity2 and granulation tissue in the @entity1 may serve as transmission bridges of acoustic energy, resulting in narrowed air-bone gaps. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity2 group, both @entity2 extension into the tympanic sinus and persistently draining ears were predictive of ossicular discontinuity. In the noncholesteatoma group, perforation edges adhering to the promontory also revealed a higher incidence of ossicular discontinuity. Therefore, all these findings can be considered as potential preoperative predictors of ossicular discontinuity in @entity1 .

title: Relationship of preoperative findings and ossicular discontinuity in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical significance of the House-Brackmann facial nerve grading scale (HBFNGS) in the setting of differential function along the branches of the facial nerve. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of 38 @entity0 with @entity3 who demonstrated differential facial function. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity0 : @entity0 with @entity2 from any cause. @entity0 with complete @entity3 (House-Brackmann Grade 6) were excluded. INTERVENTION: Physicians were provided with printed description of the HBFNGS and asked to report @entity2 as a traditional global score and as a regional score based on the House-Brackmann scale for the forehead, eye, nose, and mouth. This was reported as F(w) E(x) N(y) M(z), where w, x, y, and z ranged from 1 to 6 based on the HBFNGS. Synkinesis was graded as none, mild, or severe. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The traditional HBFNGS score was compared with a regional grading facial nerve grading system based on the HBFNGS for the forehead, eye, nose, and mouth. Agreement between the traditional global score and the regional scores was analyzed. RESULTS: In @entity0 with variable @entity1 , the single House-Brackmann score did not fully communicate their facial function. Further, the single grade did not always correlate with the best or worst function along the four facial regions. The single House-Brackmann score most strongly correlated with the regional scoring of the eye (61%), followed by the nose/midface (40%), mouth (32%), and forehead (18%). The global score did not correlate with the worst regional score in 30 @entity0 (79%). In 3 of 5 @entity0 with synkinesis and an obligatory Grade 3 or higher in the global House-Brackmann grading system, the regional facial function was Grade 2 or better at one or more areas of the face. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with differential facial function, a single global number is inadequate to describe facial function and primarily reflects the function of the eye. Regional assessment using the HBFNGS and reported as F(w) E(x) N(y) M(z) more fully communicates facial function.

title: Significance of House-Brackmann facial nerve grading global score in the setting of differential XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 is an important predictor of quality of life at all stages of MS. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) markers have been used to associate @entity3 with @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to designate the MRI marker that predicts @entity1 and explore its effect on every day activities and employment status. METHODS: 50 RRMS @entity0 and 31 healthy @entity0 underwent neuropsychological assessment using the Trail Making Test (TMT) parts A and B, semantic and phonological verbal fluency task and a computerized cognitive screening battery (Central Nervous System Vital Signs). Everyday activities were evaluated with the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale and employment status. Brain MRI was performed in all @entity0 . We measured total lesion volume, third ventricle width, corpus callosum and thalamic @entity2 . RESULTS: The frequency of @entity1 for our RRMS @entity0 was 38%. RRMS @entity0 differed significantly from controls on the TMTA, TMTB, phonological verbal fluency task, memory, psychomotor speed, reaction time and @entity1 . Neuropsychological measures had a strong correlation with all MRI @entity2 measures and a weak or moderate correlation with lesion volume. Psychomotor speed was the most sensitive marker for IADL, while memory and TMTB for employment status. Thalamic area was the most sensitive MRI marker for memory, psychomotor speed and TMTB.. CONCLUSION: @entity4 predicts the clinically meaningful @entity1 in our RRMS @entity0 .

title: XXXX predicts @entity1 in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Effect on instrumental activities of daily living and employment status.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 is an important predictor of quality of life at all stages of MS. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) markers have been used to associate @entity3 with @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to designate the MRI marker that predicts @entity1 and explore its effect on every day activities and employment status. METHODS: 50 RRMS @entity0 and 31 healthy @entity0 underwent neuropsychological assessment using the Trail Making Test (TMT) parts A and B, semantic and phonological verbal fluency task and a computerized cognitive screening battery (Central Nervous System Vital Signs). Everyday activities were evaluated with the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale and employment status. Brain MRI was performed in all @entity0 . We measured total lesion volume, third ventricle width, corpus callosum and thalamic @entity2 . RESULTS: The frequency of @entity1 for our RRMS @entity0 was 38%. RRMS @entity0 differed significantly from controls on the TMTA, TMTB, phonological verbal fluency task, memory, psychomotor speed, reaction time and @entity1 . Neuropsychological measures had a strong correlation with all MRI @entity2 measures and a weak or moderate correlation with lesion volume. Psychomotor speed was the most sensitive marker for IADL, while memory and TMTB for employment status. Thalamic area was the most sensitive MRI marker for memory, psychomotor speed and TMTB.. CONCLUSION: @entity4 predicts the clinically meaningful @entity1 in our RRMS @entity0 .

title: @entity4 predicts XXXX in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Effect on instrumental activities of daily living and employment status.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the responsiveness, minimal detectable change (MDC95), and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the @entity4 Scale (DOCS-25) in @entity0 with severe @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and to report the percentages of @entity0 ' change scores exceeding @entity5 and @entity3 after 3 weeks of inpatient rehabilitation. SETTING: Post-acute rehabilitation hospitals. @entity0 : One hundred seventy-two @entity0 with severe @entity1 . Ninety-two were included in the DOCS-25 3-week analysis. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. MAIN MEASURE(S): @entity4 Scale, Glasgow @entity2 Scale. RESULTS: The effect size and standardized response mean of the DOCS-25 for those who improved were 0.45 and 1.3, respectively-moderate to large by Cohen criteria. The MDC95 (95% confidence interval) was 5.6. Distribution-based MCIDs for small (0.20 SD), moderate (0.33 SD), and large (0.50 SD) differences were 2.6 units, 4.4 units, and 6.6 units, respectively. The anchor-based @entity3 was 8.6 units. On average, @entity0 who improved (n = 57) gained 14.5 units by week 3, exceeding the anchor-based @entity3 . On average, @entity0 who did not improve (n = 35) declined by 7.2 units, which exceeds both the MDC95 and the largest distribution-based @entity3 . CONCLUSION(S): The DOCS-25 is a responsive, clinician-observed assessment tool for capturing change in neurobehavioral function in adults recovering from severe @entity1 . This is the first study to provide evidence for the size of neurobehavioral function change that might indicate meaningful recovery in @entity0 with severe @entity1 . Results from this study may support future research by better informing sample size calculations for clinical trials and also assist clinicians in identifying when variation in level of consciousness is consequential enough to warrant changes in intervention.

title: Responsiveness, Minimal Detectable Change, and Minimally Clinically Important Differences for the XXXX Scale.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity8 (SASP) is a novel, potent inhibitor of cellular @entity6 uptake mediated by the x(c)- @entity6 / @entity7 antiporter. Lymphoid cells cannot synthesize cyst(e)ine and depend for growth on its uptake from their micro-environment. We previously showed that SASP (0.2 mM) can abrogate @entity4 cell proliferation in vitro by specifically inhibiting x(c)- -mediated @entity6 uptake. Intraperitoneal administration of SASP to Noble @entity1 markedly suppressed Nb2-U17 @entity1 @entity4 transplant growth, notably without major @entity2 to the hosts. Since Nb2-U17 cells are x(c)- -deficient, the @entity5 was apparently not due to SASP- @entity0 cell interaction, but possibly to interference with x(c)- -mediated @entity3 secretion by somatic cells. In this study we found that replication of x(c)- -deficient Nb2-11 @entity4 cells can be sustained in vitro, in the absence of @entity6 uptake enhancers, by co-culturing with IMR-90 fibroblasts known to secrete @entity3 . SASP, at 0.15 and 0.2 mM, arrested replication of fibroblast-driven Nb2-11 cells by 93 and 100%, respectively, without impeding fibroblast proliferation. Addition of @entity9 (60 microM), a @entity6 uptake enhancer, almost completely prevented this @entity5 , indicating that SASP specifically inhibited @entity3 secretion by the fibroblasts, a process based on x(c)- -mediated @entity6 uptake. It is proposed that the @entity4 growth-inhibitory activity of SASP in vivo involves inhibition of @entity3 secretion by @entity0 -associated somatic cells (macrophages, dendritic cells), leading to @entity3 starvation of the @entity0 cells and apoptosis. The difference between the @entity4 cells and fibroblasts in sensitivity to SASP treatment is consistent with the marked antitumor effect of SASP lacking significant side effects.

title: In vitro studies on the XXXX growth-inhibitory activity of @entity8 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity8 (SASP) is a novel, potent inhibitor of cellular @entity6 uptake mediated by the x(c)- @entity6 / @entity7 antiporter. Lymphoid cells cannot synthesize cyst(e)ine and depend for growth on its uptake from their micro-environment. We previously showed that SASP (0.2 mM) can abrogate @entity4 cell proliferation in vitro by specifically inhibiting x(c)- -mediated @entity6 uptake. Intraperitoneal administration of SASP to Noble @entity1 markedly suppressed Nb2-U17 @entity1 @entity4 transplant growth, notably without major @entity2 to the hosts. Since Nb2-U17 cells are x(c)- -deficient, the @entity5 was apparently not due to SASP- @entity0 cell interaction, but possibly to interference with x(c)- -mediated @entity3 secretion by somatic cells. In this study we found that replication of x(c)- -deficient Nb2-11 @entity4 cells can be sustained in vitro, in the absence of @entity6 uptake enhancers, by co-culturing with IMR-90 fibroblasts known to secrete @entity3 . SASP, at 0.15 and 0.2 mM, arrested replication of fibroblast-driven Nb2-11 cells by 93 and 100%, respectively, without impeding fibroblast proliferation. Addition of @entity9 (60 microM), a @entity6 uptake enhancer, almost completely prevented this @entity5 , indicating that SASP specifically inhibited @entity3 secretion by the fibroblasts, a process based on x(c)- -mediated @entity6 uptake. It is proposed that the @entity4 growth-inhibitory activity of SASP in vivo involves inhibition of @entity3 secretion by @entity0 -associated somatic cells (macrophages, dendritic cells), leading to @entity3 starvation of the @entity0 cells and apoptosis. The difference between the @entity4 cells and fibroblasts in sensitivity to SASP treatment is consistent with the marked antitumor effect of SASP lacking significant side effects.

title: In vitro studies on the @entity4 growth-inhibitory activity of XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the long-term outcome, effectiveness and @entity0 satisfaction of corporeal plication for the correction of @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 25 @entity0 with @entity3 were included in the study. Mean age was 39 years (range 15 to 45). @entity0 with @entity2 , and/or chordee associated with @entity6 or evidence of @entity1 were excluded from analysis. All procedures were done on an outpatient basis using local anesthesia. The technique of corporeal plication consists of placing longitudinal plication sutures of 2-zero braided @entity5 on the opposing side of curvature until it is corrected during artificially induced erection. A standardized questionnaire was then completed via telephone interview to assess results as well as the @entity0 satisfaction rate. RESULTS: A total of 22 @entity0 were available for evaluation. Successful results at up to 3(1/2) years (range 1 to 42 months, mean 18) of followup were achieved in 21 of the 22 @entity0 (95%). Success was defined as the correction of curvature and a @entity0 satisfaction rate of 75% or greater. Curvature was ventral in 20 cases, dorsal in 2 and left lateral in 3. Shortening of the penis after surgery was noted by 4 @entity0 (18%), of whom 3 nevertheless had a satisfaction rate of 75% or greater. In 2 @entity0 postoperative @entity4 resolved spontaneously. Mean operative time was 50 minutes and 22 of the 25 @entity0 (88%) received local anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Corporeal plication is a simple, minimally invasive surgical procedure that proved to be effective for congenital curvature of the penis compared with other, more extensive penile reconstruction surgery.

title: Corporeal plication for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed the relationship of trisomy 21 with the most severe dysfunctional elimination syndrome, nonneurogenic @entity7 or the @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our experience with @entity0 with @entity6 (trisomy 21) in a 10-year period and identified a subset who presented for the evaluation and treatment of @entity1 associated with severe @entity9 . RESULTS: Four males 9 months, 14 years, 18 years and 21 years old met the criteria for review. All @entity0 underwent radiological and urodynamic evaluation, and were diagnosed with @entity8 and prostatic @entity2 with pelvic floor @entity3 . Renal function studies showed a @entity5 of 0.7 mg./dl. in the 9-month-old, 1.2 mg./dl. in the 14-year-old, 1.9 mg./dl. in the 18-year-old and 2.2 mg./dl. in the 21-year-old @entity0 . Three @entity0 underwent surgical treatment to protect the upper urinary tract, including @entity7 and an appendiceal Mitrofanoff stoma in 2, and vesicostomy in 1. The remaining @entity0 was treated conservatively with a behavioral modification program that included timed voiding and a bowel regimen. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with trisomy 21 may be at risk for the @entity4 . Surgical intervention and clean intermittent catheterization for renal preservation and continence can be performed in this population despite intellectual impairment. Further evaluation is necessary to determine whether this relationship is more common than appreciated and whether this syndrome occurs in females with trisomy 21.

title: Males with XXXX and nonneurogenic @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed the relationship of trisomy 21 with the most severe dysfunctional elimination syndrome, nonneurogenic @entity7 or the @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our experience with @entity0 with @entity6 (trisomy 21) in a 10-year period and identified a subset who presented for the evaluation and treatment of @entity1 associated with severe @entity9 . RESULTS: Four males 9 months, 14 years, 18 years and 21 years old met the criteria for review. All @entity0 underwent radiological and urodynamic evaluation, and were diagnosed with @entity8 and prostatic @entity2 with pelvic floor @entity3 . Renal function studies showed a @entity5 of 0.7 mg./dl. in the 9-month-old, 1.2 mg./dl. in the 14-year-old, 1.9 mg./dl. in the 18-year-old and 2.2 mg./dl. in the 21-year-old @entity0 . Three @entity0 underwent surgical treatment to protect the upper urinary tract, including @entity7 and an appendiceal Mitrofanoff stoma in 2, and vesicostomy in 1. The remaining @entity0 was treated conservatively with a behavioral modification program that included timed voiding and a bowel regimen. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with trisomy 21 may be at risk for the @entity4 . Surgical intervention and clean intermittent catheterization for renal preservation and continence can be performed in this population despite intellectual impairment. Further evaluation is necessary to determine whether this relationship is more common than appreciated and whether this syndrome occurs in females with trisomy 21.

title: Males with @entity6 and nonneurogenic XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 @entity5 results in a wide variety of signs and symptoms - ataxia, nistagmus, @entity4 . On occasions increased frequence of @entity3 may be seen in @entity0 with high @entity6 serum levels and no evidence of standard @entity1 symptoms - paradoxical @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency of @entity6 paradoxical @entity1 , and to analyze @entity0 " clinical status. @entity0 AND METHOD: Prospective study of 100% of @entity0 monitored by the Pharmacy Department during August-December, 1998 and who had @entity6 serum levels above therapeutic range and @entity3 . Laboratory determinations in samples was performed by polarized immunofluorescence analysis. The outcome of each @entity0 was monitored through their pharmacotherapeutic record and clinical history. RESULTS: The number of @entity0 was 1706; 124 of wich had serum levels above the therapeutic range. Out of this group, 3 males and 1 female, with ages ranging from 17 to 73, a diagnosis of @entity2 , and chronic therapy using @entity6 , come to our Emergency Department because of @entity3 . Serum levels of @entity6 were ordered due to suspected lack of compliance or underdosing. In all 4 @entity0 @entity6 was discontinued until the therapeutic range was reached, to be then reset with plasma level-adjusted dosages. CONCLUSIONS: Paradoxical @entity1 may lead to errors, and therefore we should rule out such possibility in @entity0 with exacerbated @entity2 undergoing treatment with @entity6 .

title: [ @entity6 : paradoxical XXXX ; a discussion of 4 cases].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 @entity5 results in a wide variety of signs and symptoms - ataxia, nistagmus, @entity4 . On occasions increased frequence of @entity3 may be seen in @entity0 with high @entity6 serum levels and no evidence of standard @entity1 symptoms - paradoxical @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency of @entity6 paradoxical @entity1 , and to analyze @entity0 " clinical status. @entity0 AND METHOD: Prospective study of 100% of @entity0 monitored by the Pharmacy Department during August-December, 1998 and who had @entity6 serum levels above therapeutic range and @entity3 . Laboratory determinations in samples was performed by polarized immunofluorescence analysis. The outcome of each @entity0 was monitored through their pharmacotherapeutic record and clinical history. RESULTS: The number of @entity0 was 1706; 124 of wich had serum levels above the therapeutic range. Out of this group, 3 males and 1 female, with ages ranging from 17 to 73, a diagnosis of @entity2 , and chronic therapy using @entity6 , come to our Emergency Department because of @entity3 . Serum levels of @entity6 were ordered due to suspected lack of compliance or underdosing. In all 4 @entity0 @entity6 was discontinued until the therapeutic range was reached, to be then reset with plasma level-adjusted dosages. CONCLUSIONS: Paradoxical @entity1 may lead to errors, and therefore we should rule out such possibility in @entity0 with exacerbated @entity2 undergoing treatment with @entity6 .

title: [ XXXX : paradoxical @entity1 ; a discussion of 4 cases].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Cytokine growth factor treatment of chronic wounds has met with mixed results. The chronic wound presents a hostile environment to peptides such as growth factors. Cytokine growth factors have not been studied extensively in acute wounds. However, incisional @entity1 are a major example of @entity2 that has not been solved by various mechanical approaches. A biological approach to @entity2 by use of cytokine growth factors may offer a new strategy. A rodent incisional @entity1 model was used. Seventy-six @entity0 underwent 3-cm midline celiotomies and were closed with fine, fast-absorbing sutures to induce intentional @entity2 . Group 1 received no other treatment. The midline fascia in Groups 2-10 was infiltrated with 100 microl of vehicle alone or vehicle containing various test cytokine growth factors. Necropsy was performed on postoperative day 28 and the wounds were examined for herniation. Incisional @entity1 developed in 83 percent (13/16) of untreated incisional and 88 percent (7/8) and 83 percent (5/6) of the two vehicle-treated incisions (PBS and @entity5 ). @entity1 incidences were decreased by priming of the @entity4 with transforming growth factor-beta(2) (12%, 1/8), basic fibroblast growth factor (25%, 2/8) and @entity3 (50%, 3/6) (p < 0.05). Aqueous platelet-derived growth factor, becaplermin, insulin-like growth factor, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor did not significantly decrease the incidence of @entity2 (p > 0.05). A biological approach to @entity2 as measured by incisional @entity1 formation can be useful in reducing the incidence of this complication. Transforming growth factor-beta(2), basic fibroblast growth factor, and @entity3 all eliminated or significantly reduced the development of incisional @entity1 in the @entity0 model.

title: Effect of cytokine growth factors on the prevention of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring has been widely recommended for evaluating the status of BP, but is lacking in practicality. Determination of the specific time points for BP measurement that are representative of 24-hour mean BP could be useful and convenient in @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: A total of 1,317 @entity0 for whom 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring was performed were enrolled in a multicenter study on @entity1 @entity2 . We analyzed the time points at which systolic blood pressure ( @entity3 ) values exhibited the smallest differences from 24-hour mean @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We included office @entity3 and analyzed the relationships between SBPs at the office and the time points with the smallest differences from 24-hour @entity3 using several methods. RESULTS: The time points with the smallest differences from 24-hour @entity3 were 7:00 AM, 2:00 PM, and 9:30 PM. In regression analysis, SBPs at 7:00 AM and 9:30 PM were better correlated with 24-hour @entity3 than SBPs at 2:00 PM and the office. The proportions of @entity0 with SBPs within 30% of 24-hour @entity3 were higher at 7:00 AM and 9:30 PM. The best consistency between the uncontrolled @entity1 groups, defined as >=  135 mmHg of 24-hour @entity3 and higher values of SBPs corresponding to 135 mmHg of 24-hour @entity3 , were observed at the 7:00 AM and 9:30 PM time points. CONCLUSIONS: The specific time points for SBPs that correlated well with 24-hour @entity3 in @entity1 @entity2 @entity0 were 7:00 AM and 9:30 PM.

title: Time points for obtaining representative values of 24-hour blood pressure in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Between January 1970 and June 1985, 60 @entity0 underwent surgical repair of postinfarction @entity2 . The preoperative cineangiograms of all @entity0 were reviewed to measure left ventricular ejection fraction and to quantitatively assess right ventricular function by measuring the percentage reduction in right ventricular midcavity diameter. There were 23 early deaths (within 30 days) and 14 late deaths occurring between 1 and 92 months after operation. Of the 23 long-term survivors, 87% are in New York Heart Association Class I or II. The early mortality was significantly higher for inferior @entity1 (58%) than for anterior @entity1 (25%). Early mortality was also influenced by the time interval between @entity1 and operation (under 1 week 41%, over 4 weeks 22%). Early survival was favored by good preoperative right ventricular function; the percentage reduction in right ventricular midcavity diameter was 16.5% +/- 9.5% (mean +/- standard deviation) for the early death group and 26.7% +/- 10.6% for the early survival group. However, the early outcome was not influenced by left ventricular function before operation. Conversely, long-term survival was favored by preserved preoperative left ventricular function; left ventricular ejection fraction was 26.2% +/- 9.3% for the late death group and 35% +/- 8.5% for the late survival group. Long-term survival was not, however, affected by right ventricular function before operation. The results of surgical closure of postinfarction @entity2 have improved between two successive time frames in this series, which is the largest to date.

title: Surgical repair of acquired XXXX . Determinants of early and late outcome.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The multiple @entity5 is defined by a clustering of risk factors for @entity2 . We sought to evaluate the familial correlations of the components of the syndrome using data from the Framingham Heart Study original and offspring cohorts as provided for the Genetic Analysis Workshop 13. Measures of plasma @entity4 (total and HDL), body mass index (BMI), and systolic blood pressure were used from selected calendar years of exams. Familial correlations were calculated using FCOR in S.A.G.E. RESULTS: The sibling correlations were relatively high for all measures and exams, from 0.17 for systolic blood pressure to 0.27 for HDL @entity4 . The parent- @entity0 correlations were very similar, except for systolic blood pressure. The avuncular correlations were much smaller and the cousin correlations were even smaller. For HDL @entity4 the avuncular correlation was half the sibling correlation and the cousin correlation was half that again. Spousal correlations ranged from 0.07 for systolic blood pressure to 0.34 for BMI. Correlations were somewhat lower from 1984 to 1987 examinations than from 1971 to 1975 examinations, except for spousal correlations for systolic blood pressure and BMI. CONCLUSION: The results of the family pair correlations are suggestive of genetic determinants of lipid levels and BMI. These components have been shown to be predictive of @entity2 as well as @entity1 . Genes in common with each of the components might also influence development of @entity2 and @entity1 , both @entity3 .

title: XXXX in the Framingham Heart and Offspring Cohorts: Genetic Analysis Workshop Problem 1.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A variety of surgical treatments for @entity3 with @entity9 ( @entity9 ) are described, although most are derived from limited @entity0 experience gathered from several centres. We describe the results of transcallosal resection of @entity9 in 29 consecutive @entity0 undergoing surgery at one centre. Twenty-nine @entity0 aged 4-23 years (mean 10 years) underwent @entity9 surgery with a minimum of 12 months follow-up. A comprehensive, presurgical @entity3 evaluation, supplemented with endocrine and ophthalmological assessments was performed in all cases. @entity9 were resected via a transcallosal, interforniceal approach to the third ventricle, with the assistance of frameless stereotaxy, limiting the resection to the margins of the third ventricular walls and floor and minimising traction and diathermy. Complete or near-complete (>95%) resection of the @entity9 was achieved in 18/29 @entity0 , 75-95% resection was achieved in seven @entity0 (four of whom had complete or near-complete disconnection of residual @entity9 ) and less than 50% resection was achieved in four. Postoperatively (follow-up 12-70 months, mean 30 months), 15 became @entity4 -free (nine off antiepileptic medication), seven had >90% reduction in @entity4 frequency, three had 55-80% reduction in @entity4 frequency, and four had less than 40% reduction in @entity4 frequency. Of 16 @entity0 who had @entity4 in the early postoperative period, six became @entity4 . No @entity0 or lesion characteristics were associated with postoperative @entity4 freedom, including features of @entity3 . Neurobehavioural improvement and resolution of EEG abnormalities were seen in the majority. Complications were @entity6 in two, transient hypernatraemia in 17, @entity2 in 14 (persistent in four), @entity5 in ten (persistent in five), need for supplemental thyroxine in five, and lowered @entity7 (uncertain clinical significance) in six. Transcallosal resection of @entity9 is an effective treatment for @entity3 , with 76% @entity0 in our @entity4 being @entity4 -free or having >90% @entity4 reduction. The operative risks include @entity1 , short-term @entity8 , @entity5 and minor endocrine disturbances. Based on published data, the transcallosal approach appears to be safer and more effective than other operative strategies.

title: Transcallosal resection of @entity9 in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A variety of surgical treatments for @entity3 with @entity9 ( @entity9 ) are described, although most are derived from limited @entity0 experience gathered from several centres. We describe the results of transcallosal resection of @entity9 in 29 consecutive @entity0 undergoing surgery at one centre. Twenty-nine @entity0 aged 4-23 years (mean 10 years) underwent @entity9 surgery with a minimum of 12 months follow-up. A comprehensive, presurgical @entity3 evaluation, supplemented with endocrine and ophthalmological assessments was performed in all cases. @entity9 were resected via a transcallosal, interforniceal approach to the third ventricle, with the assistance of frameless stereotaxy, limiting the resection to the margins of the third ventricular walls and floor and minimising traction and diathermy. Complete or near-complete (>95%) resection of the @entity9 was achieved in 18/29 @entity0 , 75-95% resection was achieved in seven @entity0 (four of whom had complete or near-complete disconnection of residual @entity9 ) and less than 50% resection was achieved in four. Postoperatively (follow-up 12-70 months, mean 30 months), 15 became @entity4 -free (nine off antiepileptic medication), seven had >90% reduction in @entity4 frequency, three had 55-80% reduction in @entity4 frequency, and four had less than 40% reduction in @entity4 frequency. Of 16 @entity0 who had @entity4 in the early postoperative period, six became @entity4 . No @entity0 or lesion characteristics were associated with postoperative @entity4 freedom, including features of @entity3 . Neurobehavioural improvement and resolution of EEG abnormalities were seen in the majority. Complications were @entity6 in two, transient hypernatraemia in 17, @entity2 in 14 (persistent in four), @entity5 in ten (persistent in five), need for supplemental thyroxine in five, and lowered @entity7 (uncertain clinical significance) in six. Transcallosal resection of @entity9 is an effective treatment for @entity3 , with 76% @entity0 in our @entity4 being @entity4 -free or having >90% @entity4 reduction. The operative risks include @entity1 , short-term @entity8 , @entity5 and minor endocrine disturbances. Based on published data, the transcallosal approach appears to be safer and more effective than other operative strategies.

title: Transcallosal resection of XXXX in @entity0 with @entity3 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: A variety of surgical treatments for @entity3 with @entity9 ( @entity9 ) are described, although most are derived from limited @entity0 experience gathered from several centres. We describe the results of transcallosal resection of @entity9 in 29 consecutive @entity0 undergoing surgery at one centre. Twenty-nine @entity0 aged 4-23 years (mean 10 years) underwent @entity9 surgery with a minimum of 12 months follow-up. A comprehensive, presurgical @entity3 evaluation, supplemented with endocrine and ophthalmological assessments was performed in all cases. @entity9 were resected via a transcallosal, interforniceal approach to the third ventricle, with the assistance of frameless stereotaxy, limiting the resection to the margins of the third ventricular walls and floor and minimising traction and diathermy. Complete or near-complete (>95%) resection of the @entity9 was achieved in 18/29 @entity0 , 75-95% resection was achieved in seven @entity0 (four of whom had complete or near-complete disconnection of residual @entity9 ) and less than 50% resection was achieved in four. Postoperatively (follow-up 12-70 months, mean 30 months), 15 became @entity4 -free (nine off antiepileptic medication), seven had >90% reduction in @entity4 frequency, three had 55-80% reduction in @entity4 frequency, and four had less than 40% reduction in @entity4 frequency. Of 16 @entity0 who had @entity4 in the early postoperative period, six became @entity4 . No @entity0 or lesion characteristics were associated with postoperative @entity4 freedom, including features of @entity3 . Neurobehavioural improvement and resolution of EEG abnormalities were seen in the majority. Complications were @entity6 in two, transient hypernatraemia in 17, @entity2 in 14 (persistent in four), @entity5 in ten (persistent in five), need for supplemental thyroxine in five, and lowered @entity7 (uncertain clinical significance) in six. Transcallosal resection of @entity9 is an effective treatment for @entity3 , with 76% @entity0 in our @entity4 being @entity4 -free or having >90% @entity4 reduction. The operative risks include @entity1 , short-term @entity8 , @entity5 and minor endocrine disturbances. Based on published data, the transcallosal approach appears to be safer and more effective than other operative strategies.

title: Transcallosal resection of @entity9 in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of helical CT in the detection of @entity2 of the pancreas measuring 2 cm or smaller at pathologic examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thin-section triple phase (20, 40, and 70 sec after the start of injection) contrast-enhanced helical CT scans of the abdomen in 18 @entity0 with a @entity4 that was 2 cm or smaller and 18 @entity0 with a normal pancreas were retrospectively reviewed by two senior radiologists who specialized in oncologic abdominal imaging. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. The observers were unaware of the clinical information. CT scans were evaluated for the presence of a pancreatic mass, bile, and @entity3 . The location and size of @entity1 as determined on CT were compared with pathologic findings. The CT results were also compared with the prospective CT interpretations derived from the radiology reports and with the endoscopic sonographic reports when available. RESULTS: The sensitivity of thin-section triple-phase helical CT in the detection of small pancreatic masses was 77%, and the specificity was 100% for the two experienced observers. The sensitivity and specificity were 72% and 100%, respectively, for the prospective interpretations done by 10 observers. There was no correlation between the @entity1 size at pathology and the CT measurements. CONCLUSION: Thin-section contrast-enhanced helical CT is sensitive and highly specific for the detection of @entity3 measuring 2 cm or smaller. Improvement in the detection rate of this technique compared with previous techniques lies in the optimization of parenchymal enhancement during the pancreatic phase and the decrease in slice thickness.

title: Detection of small XXXX with multiphasic helical CT.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we examined the variability of lesion sizes produced by a single radiofrequency ablation using the same device and algorithm in @entity0 with small malignant @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the clinical records of 208 @entity0 who underwent radiofrequency ablation of malignant @entity3 during a 6-year period revealed 31 @entity0 with small @entity1 that were treated with a single ablation. Clinical data were recorded using standardized work sheets. @entity1 and lesion sizes after ablation were measured from CT scans. The influences of @entity1 size, @entity1 type, presence or absence of @entity2 , and tissue temperature on the ablation size were analyzed. RESULTS: The size of @entity1 before treatment ranged from 0.8 to 4.0 cm (mean diameter [+/- SD] = 1.8 +/- 0.9 cm) with corresponding volumes of 0.27-30.24 mL (mean volume = 27.1 +/- 15.9 mL). The lesion sizes after ablation ranged from 1.7 to 5.3 cm (mean diameter = 3.6 +/- 0.7 cm) with corresponding volumes of 2.29-75.87 mL (mean volume = 4.9 +/- 7.1 mL). @entity1 type (p > 0.25), presence or absence of @entity2 (p > 0.45), and tissue temperature (p = 0.055) had no relationship to ablation size. @entity1 size had a statistically significant influence on ablation lesion size (p < 0.04). Ablation of small @entity1 (diameter < or = 2.25 cm, n = 32) produced random lesion sizes whereas ablation of large @entity1 (diameter > 2.25 cm, n = 11) produced larger lesions (mean diameter = 4.0 +/- 0.8 cm). CONCLUSION: Significant variation occurs in the lesion size produced using the same ablation device and algorithm. These findings must be considered when planning ablation strategies.

title: Radiofrequency ablation of XXXX : variability of lesion size using a single ablation device.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The alternatively spliced and highly conserved EIIIA domain of fibronectin (FN) is included in most FN of the extracellular matrix in embryos. In adults, both extracellular matrix and plasma FN essentially lack EIIIA. In diverse inflammatory situations however, EIIIA is specifically included by regulated RNA splicing. In @entity3 , FN, including the EIIIA domain (EIIIA-FN), is abundant, whereas FN in the flanking vessel wall lacks EIIIA. Lesional EIIIA-FN is localized with endothelial cells and macrophage foam cells. To directly test the function of EIIIA-FN, we generated EIIIA-null (EIIIA(-/-)) @entity0 that lack the EIIIA exon and crossed them with @entity4 ( @entity4 )-null ( @entity4 (-/-)) @entity0 that develop @entity2 . Compared with @entity4 (-/-) controls, EIIIA(-/-) @entity4 (-/-) @entity0 had significantly smaller lesions throughout the aortic tree. EIIIA-FN was increased in @entity4 (-/-) plasma, and total plasma @entity1 was reduced in EIIIA(-/-) @entity4 (-/-) @entity0 , specifically in large lipoprotein particles, suggesting a functional role for plasma EIIIA-FN. To assess a role for macrophage EIIIA-FN in the vessel wall, we conducted in vitro foam cell assays. EIIIA(-/-) @entity4 (-/-) macrophages accumulated significantly less intracellular lipid than control @entity4 (-/-) cells. These results provide genetic evidence that suggests roles for EIIIA-FN in plasma lipoprotein metabolism and in foam cell formation.

title: Deletion of the alternatively spliced fibronectin EIIIA domain in @entity0 reduces XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The alternatively spliced and highly conserved EIIIA domain of fibronectin (FN) is included in most FN of the extracellular matrix in embryos. In adults, both extracellular matrix and plasma FN essentially lack EIIIA. In diverse inflammatory situations however, EIIIA is specifically included by regulated RNA splicing. In @entity3 , FN, including the EIIIA domain (EIIIA-FN), is abundant, whereas FN in the flanking vessel wall lacks EIIIA. Lesional EIIIA-FN is localized with endothelial cells and macrophage foam cells. To directly test the function of EIIIA-FN, we generated EIIIA-null (EIIIA(-/-)) @entity0 that lack the EIIIA exon and crossed them with @entity4 ( @entity4 )-null ( @entity4 (-/-)) @entity0 that develop @entity2 . Compared with @entity4 (-/-) controls, EIIIA(-/-) @entity4 (-/-) @entity0 had significantly smaller lesions throughout the aortic tree. EIIIA-FN was increased in @entity4 (-/-) plasma, and total plasma @entity1 was reduced in EIIIA(-/-) @entity4 (-/-) @entity0 , specifically in large lipoprotein particles, suggesting a functional role for plasma EIIIA-FN. To assess a role for macrophage EIIIA-FN in the vessel wall, we conducted in vitro foam cell assays. EIIIA(-/-) @entity4 (-/-) macrophages accumulated significantly less intracellular lipid than control @entity4 (-/-) cells. These results provide genetic evidence that suggests roles for EIIIA-FN in plasma lipoprotein metabolism and in foam cell formation.

title: Deletion of the alternatively spliced fibronectin EIIIA domain in XXXX reduces @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Secondary prevention of @entity4 is effective in reducing morbidity and mortality, but deficiencies in implementation and prescription bias have been identified. AIM: To assess progress in secondary prevention measures for @entity3 and whether there was a difference between @entity0 subgroups with @entity6 , post @entity5 or revascularization. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. METHODS: Between 1997 and 2001, data were collected on prophylactic prescribing, demographic and lifestyle information, at baseline and 1 year following attendance at a hospital-based, cardiac-nurse-led out- @entity0 clinic. RESULTS: @entity0 (n = 945) were entered into the database at hospital discharge and 619 (72%) attended at 1 year. @entity1 and statin prescribing increased, though @entity7 inhibitor use was less. Mean total @entity2 at baseline reduced to 4.92 +/- 0.11 mmol/l (p < 0.001) in 2000, with a further reduction to 4.59 +/- 0.08 mmol/l at the 1-year visit in 2001 (p < 0.001). The proportion of @entity0 with total @entity2 < 5 mmol/l increased to 38% in 2000, reaching 70% in 2001. Smokers at baseline were similar at around 30%, although this had reduced to 10% in 2001 (p < 0.001). No change in weight was seen for @entity0 with BMI >or=30 (p = NS). No significant differences were seen between @entity0 subgroups (p = NS). DISCUSSION: Secondary prevention measures are improving, especially in prophylactic prescribing, lipid management and smoking cessation, although scope for further improvement remains. No difference was seen between the @entity0 subgroups. Lifestyle measures need to be addressed to gain maximum benefit in addressing overall cardiovascular risk.

title: Secondary prevention for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens that have a unique developmental cycle. Thirty nine viable isolates representing all nine currently recognised chlamydial species were screened by immunofluorescence with a cross-reacting chlamydiaphage monoclonal antibody. A novel chlamydiaphage ( @entity3 ) was detected in @entity1 , a chlamydial species not previously known to carry bacteriophages. @entity3 belongs to the Microviridae, members of this virus family are characterised by circular, single-stranded DNA genomes and small T = 1 icosahedral capsids. Double-stranded replicative form @entity3 DNA was purified from elementary bodies and used as a template to determine the complete genome sequence. The genome of @entity3 is 4,554 base pairs and encodes eight open reading frames organised in the same genome structure as other chlamydiaphages. An unrooted phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the major coat proteins of 11 members of the Microviridae and @entity3 . This showed that the Microviridae are clearly divided into two discrete sub-families; those that infect the Enterobacteriaceae e.g.   X174 and the bacteriophages that infect obligate intracellular bacteria or mollicutes including @entity0 ( @entity0 melliferum),   MH2K ( @entity2 ) and the chlamydiaphages. Comparative analyses demonstrate that the chlamydiaphages can be further subdivided into two groupings, one represented by @entity3 / @entity3 and the other by   CPG1/  CPAR39.

title: Isolation, molecular characterisation and genome sequence of a bacteriophage (Chp3) from XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Pancreatic stones that were removed from the pancreatic ducts of @entity0 with chronic calcifying @entity1 were decalcified so the organic matrix could be studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The observations made by scanning electron microscopy were compared with those made on undecalcified stones, and the findings were correlated with light microscopic observations. After the @entity2 was removed, the stones consisted of multiple partitions arranged like a sponge. They were embedded in a gel-like matrix. The organic partitions frequently were composed of dense surface layers and @entity3 , which had surrounded and bound @entity2 crystals. The organic matrix was heterogeneous in texture. Some areas had dense, regular, proteinaceous fibrous material. Deposits resembling fibrin were observed. Altered cellular constituents appeared to make up minor portions of the matrix. @entity2 , which was precipitated in vitro in pancreatic juice, resembled the morphology of pancreatic stones more than that of pure @entity2 crystals. These results are consistent with the coformation of pancreatic stones from constituents in the pancreatic juice [including @entity4 ( @entity4 ), glycosaminoglycans, and occasional cells] and precipitated @entity2 .

title: Fine structure of the organic matrix of XXXX pancreatic stones.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Action spectra were determined for cell killing and mutation by monochromatic ultraviolet and visible radiations (254-434 nm) in cultured @entity0 epithelial P3 cells. Cell killing was more efficient following radiation at the shorter wavelengths (254-434 nm) than at longer wavelengths (365-434 nm). At 254 nm, for example, a fluence of 11 Jm-2 gave 37% cell survival, while at 365 nm, 17 X 10(5) Jm-2 gave equivalent survival. At 434 nm little killing was observed with fluences up to 3 X 10(6) Jm-2. Mutant induction, determined at the @entity4 - @entity3 phosphoribosyltransferase locus, was caused by radiation at 254, 313, and 365 nm. There was no mutant induction at 334 nm although this wavelength was highly cytotoxic. Mutagenesis was not induced by 434 nm radiation, either. There was a weak response at 405 nm; the mutant frequencies were only slightly increased above background levels. For the mutagenic wavelengths, log-log plots of the mutation frequency against fluence showed linear regressions with @entity2 .5, consistent with data from a previous study using @entity1 . The data points of the action spectra for lethality and mutagenesis were similar to the spectrum for DNA damage at wavelengths shorter than 313 nm, whereas at longer wavelengths the lethality spectrum had a shoulder, and the mutagenesis spectrum had a secondary peak at 365 nm. No correlation was observed for the P3 cells between the spectra for cell killing and mutagenesis caused by wavelengths longer than 313 nm and the induction of DNA breakage or the formation of DNA-to-protein covalent bonds in these cells.

title: Mutagenesis and cytotoxicity in XXXX epithelial cells by far- and near-ultraviolet radiations: action spectra.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The ultimate step in @entity0 Abeta generation involves gamma-secretase, which releases Abeta from its membrane-bound precursor. A similar presenilin-dependent proteolytic activity is implicated in the release of the Notch intracellular domain. We have developed a novel assay for gamma-secretase activity based on green fluorescent protein detection. This involves cotransfection of a substrate-activator based on the amyloid precursor protein or the Notch sequence and a fluorescent reporter gene. Stable fluorescent cell populations were selected by fluorescent activated cell sorting and characterized. This assay enabled the identification and sorting of populations, which differ in their levels of gamma-secretase activity, with high fluorescent cells producing more Abeta than low fluorescent cells. Specific gamma-secretase inhibitors, @entity1 and @entity3 , reduced cell fluorescence in a dose-dependent manner that paralleled inhibition of Abeta secretion. Overexpression of @entity2 increased the cell fluorescence. Cells expressing presenilin with different aspartate mutations ( @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity4 / @entity5 ) or exon 9 deletion mutation showed reduced fluorescence. The single aspartate mutations showed a concomitant reduction in Abeta secretion, whereas the @entity4 / @entity5 and DeltaE9 mutations had no effect on Abeta secretion.

title: Selecting cells with different XXXX gamma-secretase activity using FACS. Differential effect on presenilin exon 9 gamma- and epsilon-cleavage.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity0 was a 46-year-old @entity0 . His chief complaints were urinary frequency and @entity2 on urination. They first appeared one year earlier. The @entity0 had had a history of @entity3 and @entity1 . Vesical capacity decreased and vesico-cutaneous developed. The urine sediment contained eosinophils and vesico ureteral reflux was observed. The bladder tissues contained a moderate amount of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells. The total IgE was 360 IU/ml. The IgE RAST score and immediate reaction to the skin tests were all negative. The Arthus and delayed-type reaction skin tests were positive to various Eumycetees and foods. Provocation tests by eating foods such as eggs, meats, and shellfish reproduced the above-mentioned @entity4 . The @entity0 was therefore put on a diet that restricted the amount of animal protein consumed except for white meat fishes, and a mast cell membrane stabilizer was administered. The @entity5 improved but the @entity3 aggravated. The @entity5 was found to develop alternately with @entity3 .

title: [A case of XXXX that developed alternately with @entity3 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The @entity0 was a 46-year-old @entity0 . His chief complaints were urinary frequency and @entity2 on urination. They first appeared one year earlier. The @entity0 had had a history of @entity3 and @entity1 . Vesical capacity decreased and vesico-cutaneous developed. The urine sediment contained eosinophils and vesico ureteral reflux was observed. The bladder tissues contained a moderate amount of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells. The total IgE was 360 IU/ml. The IgE RAST score and immediate reaction to the skin tests were all negative. The Arthus and delayed-type reaction skin tests were positive to various Eumycetees and foods. Provocation tests by eating foods such as eggs, meats, and shellfish reproduced the above-mentioned @entity4 . The @entity0 was therefore put on a diet that restricted the amount of animal protein consumed except for white meat fishes, and a mast cell membrane stabilizer was administered. The @entity5 improved but the @entity3 aggravated. The @entity5 was found to develop alternately with @entity3 .

title: [A case of @entity5 that developed alternately with XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: While @entity5 is a rapidly invasive, widely metastasizing @entity2 , it responds well to chemotherapy, so it is important to obtain an early diagnosis. We report the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of a case of @entity5 metastatic to the breast. CASE: A 48-year-old female presented with a cough, hemoptysis and @entity4 . Chest computed tomography revealed multiple nodules in both lung fields. Also, a firm, slightly tender mass in the lower outer quadrant of the left breast was palpated. The breast mass was clinically suspected to be a metastatic @entity0 . FNAC of the breast showed a @entity2 that had been misdiagnosed as a metastatic @entity3 . Histologic examination of a nasal biopsy revealed @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The cytologic features of @entity5 are quite characteristic, with side-by-side, malignant, mononucleated cells and multinucleated giant cells corresponding to cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts, respectively. The disease is possible to diagnose by a careful examination of FNAC samples.

title: Fine needle aspiration cytology of XXXX presenting as a breast lump. A case report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conservative interventions such as physiotherapy and ergonomic adjustments play a major part in the treatment of most @entity1 ( @entity1 ). OBJECTIVES: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether conservative interventions have a significant impact on short and long-term outcomes for upper extremity @entity1 in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group specialised register (January 2002) and Cochrane Rehabilitation and Related Therapies Field specialised register (January 2002), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2001), PubMed (1966 to November 2001), EMBASE (1988 to November 2001), and CINAHL (1982 to November 2001). We also searched the Physiotherapy Index (1988 to November 2001) and reference lists of articles. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA: Only randomised controlled trials and concurrent controlled trials studying conservative interventions for adults suffering from upper extremity @entity1 were included. Conservative interventions may include exercises, relaxation, physical applications, biofeedback, myofeedback and work place adjustments. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently selected the trials from the search yield and assessed the clinical relevance and methodological quality using the Delphi list. In the event of clinical heterogeneity or lack of data we used a rating system to assess levels of evidence. MAIN RESULTS: We included 15 trials involving 925 @entity0 . Twelve trials included @entity0 with chronic non-specific neck or shoulder complaints, or non-specific @entity2 . Over 20 interventions were evaluated; seven main subgroups of interventions could be determined: exercises, manual therapy, massage, ergonomics, multidisciplinary treatment, energised splint and individual treatment versus group therapy. Overall, the quality of the studies appeared to be poor. In 10 studies a form of exercise was evaluated, and there is limited evidence about the effectiveness of exercises only when compared to no treatment. Concerning manual therapy (1 study), massage (4 studies), multidisciplinary treatment (1 study) and energised splint (1 study) no conclusions can be drawn. Limited evidence is found concerning the effectiveness of specific keyboards for @entity0 with @entity3 . REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: This review shows limited evidence for the effectiveness of keyboards with an alternative force-displacement of the keys or an alternative geometry, and limited evidence for the effectiveness of individual exercises. The benefit of expensive ergonomic interventions (such as new chairs, new desks etc) in the workplace is not clearly demonstrated.

title: Ergonomic and physiotherapeutic interventions for treating XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-frequency ventilation is often used to treat @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or @entity3 ( @entity3 ) but the effect of this treatment on clinical outcomes has not been well established. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review is to examine the effect of high-frequency ventilation compared with conventional ventilation as a therapy for @entity2 or @entity3 in @entity0 (1 to 17 years old) and adults in order to quantify its effect on @entity0 outcome (mortality, morbidity and other relevant outcomes). SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, issue 4, 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to October Week 5, 2002), EMBASE (1980 to Week 51, 2002), World Wide Web (www.controlled-trials.com, @entity3 clinical network), and used Cited Reference Search (Web of Science 1988 to 2002, for specific reference lists of articles). We also contacted authors from each included trial, as well as manufacturers of high-frequency ventilators and other researchers in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled clinical trials of @entity0 and adults comparing treatment using high-frequency ventilation with conventional ventilation for @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 or @entity3 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information. MAIN RESULTS: Two trials met the inclusion criteria for this review. One trial recruited @entity0 (including some @entity0 less than one year old) (n = 58) and the other recruited adults (n = 148). Both trials used a high-frequency oscillatory ventilator as the intervention and included variable use of lung-volume recruitment strategies. The intervention groups showed a trend towards lower 30 day mortality ( @entity0 relative risk (RR) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43 to 1.62; adults RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.03), although neither study showed a statistically significant difference. Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups for 'Total length of ventilator days' (WMD) -2.00, 95% CI -18.36 to 14.36; and WMD 2.00, 95% CI -6.55 to 10.55 for the @entity0 and adult trials respectively). The studies used only proxies to measure long-term quality of life. There was a statistically significant reduction in the risk of requiring supplemental @entity1 amongst survivors at 30 days in the paediatric study (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.93). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to conclude whether high-frequency ventilation reduces mortality or long-term morbidity in @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity3 ; further trials are needed.

title: High-frequency ventilation versus conventional ventilation for treatment of XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-frequency ventilation is often used to treat @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or @entity3 ( @entity3 ) but the effect of this treatment on clinical outcomes has not been well established. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review is to examine the effect of high-frequency ventilation compared with conventional ventilation as a therapy for @entity2 or @entity3 in @entity0 (1 to 17 years old) and adults in order to quantify its effect on @entity0 outcome (mortality, morbidity and other relevant outcomes). SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, issue 4, 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to October Week 5, 2002), EMBASE (1980 to Week 51, 2002), World Wide Web (www.controlled-trials.com, @entity3 clinical network), and used Cited Reference Search (Web of Science 1988 to 2002, for specific reference lists of articles). We also contacted authors from each included trial, as well as manufacturers of high-frequency ventilators and other researchers in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled clinical trials of @entity0 and adults comparing treatment using high-frequency ventilation with conventional ventilation for @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 or @entity3 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information. MAIN RESULTS: Two trials met the inclusion criteria for this review. One trial recruited @entity0 (including some @entity0 less than one year old) (n = 58) and the other recruited adults (n = 148). Both trials used a high-frequency oscillatory ventilator as the intervention and included variable use of lung-volume recruitment strategies. The intervention groups showed a trend towards lower 30 day mortality ( @entity0 relative risk (RR) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43 to 1.62; adults RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.03), although neither study showed a statistically significant difference. Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups for 'Total length of ventilator days' (WMD) -2.00, 95% CI -18.36 to 14.36; and WMD 2.00, 95% CI -6.55 to 10.55 for the @entity0 and adult trials respectively). The studies used only proxies to measure long-term quality of life. There was a statistically significant reduction in the risk of requiring supplemental @entity1 amongst survivors at 30 days in the paediatric study (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.93). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to conclude whether high-frequency ventilation reduces mortality or long-term morbidity in @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity3 ; further trials are needed.

title: High-frequency ventilation versus conventional ventilation for treatment of @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Three experiments were conducted with broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days of age to evaluate Florida 301 variety of @entity2 and Beagle 82 variety of triticale. In Experiment 1, a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was used for five dietary treatments: yellow @entity3 -soy (control), triticale-soy, yellow @entity3 -triticale-soy, @entity2 -soy and yellow @entity3 - @entity2 -soy. Diets were balanced to maintain equal levels of @entity4 and @entity0 and were kept isocaloric (3,124 kcal/kg) using @entity3 oil. In Experiment 2, a @entity1 was used for 10 dietary treatments. Each grain was substituted partially and totally for @entity3 on both iso and nonisocaloric basis. Animal fat was the supplemental fat source. In Experiment 3, a @entity1 was used for 8 dietary treatments. Each grain was substituted for @entity3 isocalorically using @entity3 oil, animal fat, or both as supplemental fat sources. Results from these experiments showed that Florida 301 @entity2 is an excellent cereal grain for broiler chicks as measured by feed efficiency and growth response, which was numerically but not significantly greater than with a @entity3 -soy control diet. Growth response was inconsistent with Beagle 82 triticale throughout the three experiments. However, feed efficiency was better with triticale diets than @entity3 -based diets.

title: Nutritive value of new cultivars of triticale and XXXX for broiler chick diets.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The object of our study was to characterize the biopsy features of @entity1 detected in a repeat biopsy population stratified on the basis of the type of prior negative biopsy. We studied 218 @entity0 with a prior negative biopsy who underwent a 10-core extended systematic biopsy scheme, and a subset (n = 139) underwent additional 6 anteriorly directed biopsies. Clinicopathologic features of @entity0 with @entity1 on the biopsy were compared as a function of type of prior negative biopsy. Overall and unique @entity1 detection rates were calculated for each of the biopsy sites. @entity1 detection rates tended to be higher in @entity0 who had undergone a prior sextant biopsy compared to a prior extended biopsy scheme (39% vs. 28%). Trends towards more positive cores and greater total core length of @entity1 involvement were seen in @entity0 who had undergone a prior negative sextant biopsy. Apical and laterally directed biopsies had higher overall and unique @entity1 detection rates in @entity0 who had undergone a prior negative sextant biopsy. Anteriorly directed biopsies had a low unique @entity1 detection rate in all @entity0 . We conclude that in @entity0 undergoing repeat biopsy, the detection rate is affected by the extent of the prior biopsy. Clinicopathologic features of @entity1 detected on repeat biopsy tend to be worse in @entity0 who have undergone a prior negative sextant biopsy compared to a negative prior extended biopsy.

title: Impact of prior biopsy scheme on pathologic features of XXXX detected on repeat biopsies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of combination chemotherapy using @entity14 and @entity10 in chemotherapy-na  ve @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The @entity0 (n = 54) received oral @entity14 840 mg/day on Days 1 to 14 and IV @entity10 25 mg/m(2) on Days 1 and 8 of every 3 wk cycle. The median number of cycles per @entity0 was 9 (range, 1 to 27). Fifty-three @entity0 were evaluable for @entity2 and survival and 52 for @entity12 (PSA) response. Median age was 68 (range, 46-80). PSA sustained decrease >50% was seen in 52% of @entity0 (95% CI: 38-66%). A complete response was seen in 3 and a partial response in 12 of 25 @entity0 with measurable disease, for an overall objective response of 60% (95% CI: 41-79%). Improvement in performance status was observed in 30 out of 43 evaluable for clinical benefit response. The median duration of response was 7 mo and median time to progression was 6 mo. The median survival time was 15 mo. The most common adverse event was mild @entity6 . In general, @entity2 G3-4 was low: @entity13 Grade 3-4 (8%), @entity8 Grade 3 (6%), and @entity7 Grade 3 (13%). Other Grade 3 @entity2 included @entity9 (4%), hepatic (2%), @entity5 (2%), @entity11 (6%), and @entity1 (2%). There were 2 treatment-related @entity3 (4%). We conclude that @entity10 and @entity14 as used in this trial is an efficacious and well-tolerated therapeutic regimen in the management of @entity4 .

title: Phase II trial of @entity10 and XXXX in the treatment of metastatic @entity4 .

answer: @entity14


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of combination chemotherapy using @entity14 and @entity10 in chemotherapy-na  ve @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The @entity0 (n = 54) received oral @entity14 840 mg/day on Days 1 to 14 and IV @entity10 25 mg/m(2) on Days 1 and 8 of every 3 wk cycle. The median number of cycles per @entity0 was 9 (range, 1 to 27). Fifty-three @entity0 were evaluable for @entity2 and survival and 52 for @entity12 (PSA) response. Median age was 68 (range, 46-80). PSA sustained decrease >50% was seen in 52% of @entity0 (95% CI: 38-66%). A complete response was seen in 3 and a partial response in 12 of 25 @entity0 with measurable disease, for an overall objective response of 60% (95% CI: 41-79%). Improvement in performance status was observed in 30 out of 43 evaluable for clinical benefit response. The median duration of response was 7 mo and median time to progression was 6 mo. The median survival time was 15 mo. The most common adverse event was mild @entity6 . In general, @entity2 G3-4 was low: @entity13 Grade 3-4 (8%), @entity8 Grade 3 (6%), and @entity7 Grade 3 (13%). Other Grade 3 @entity2 included @entity9 (4%), hepatic (2%), @entity5 (2%), @entity11 (6%), and @entity1 (2%). There were 2 treatment-related @entity3 (4%). We conclude that @entity10 and @entity14 as used in this trial is an efficacious and well-tolerated therapeutic regimen in the management of @entity4 .

title: Phase II trial of @entity10 and @entity14 in the treatment of metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of combination chemotherapy using @entity14 and @entity10 in chemotherapy-na  ve @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The @entity0 (n = 54) received oral @entity14 840 mg/day on Days 1 to 14 and IV @entity10 25 mg/m(2) on Days 1 and 8 of every 3 wk cycle. The median number of cycles per @entity0 was 9 (range, 1 to 27). Fifty-three @entity0 were evaluable for @entity2 and survival and 52 for @entity12 (PSA) response. Median age was 68 (range, 46-80). PSA sustained decrease >50% was seen in 52% of @entity0 (95% CI: 38-66%). A complete response was seen in 3 and a partial response in 12 of 25 @entity0 with measurable disease, for an overall objective response of 60% (95% CI: 41-79%). Improvement in performance status was observed in 30 out of 43 evaluable for clinical benefit response. The median duration of response was 7 mo and median time to progression was 6 mo. The median survival time was 15 mo. The most common adverse event was mild @entity6 . In general, @entity2 G3-4 was low: @entity13 Grade 3-4 (8%), @entity8 Grade 3 (6%), and @entity7 Grade 3 (13%). Other Grade 3 @entity2 included @entity9 (4%), hepatic (2%), @entity5 (2%), @entity11 (6%), and @entity1 (2%). There were 2 treatment-related @entity3 (4%). We conclude that @entity10 and @entity14 as used in this trial is an efficacious and well-tolerated therapeutic regimen in the management of @entity4 .

title: Phase II trial of XXXX and @entity14 in the treatment of metastatic @entity4 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: Following clinical diagnosis of a recurrent @entity1 , curative treatment is seldom available. Depending on the size of the recurrent @entity1 and the @entity0 's general health condition extensive surgical resections and reconstructions are avoided in favor of non-surgical palliative intended treatment modalities. According to the literature location of the @entity1 , @entity1 size, as well as R-1- and R-2-resection rates are the most frequent reasons for the development of recurrent @entity1 . In a retrospective evaluation a population of 1000 @entity0 who were treated for a primary @entity2 during the period from 1979 to 1996 were analysed descriptively. Survival probabilities of @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 were calculated according to the product-limit method by Kaplan-Meier, different treatment concepts were compared and analysed with the log-rank test for significant differences. The largest proportion of primary @entity1 involved the floor of mouth ( n = 369, 36.9%). A total of 198 @entity0 (19.8%) developed a recurrent @entity1 ; 79.8% of @entity0 experienced a recurrent @entity1 within two years following primary treatment. Within the group of T1/T2 @entity1 the incidence of recurrent @entity1 was 28.9%, whereas the incidence in the T3/T4 group was 44.6%. Tumor infiltration of the resection margins was detected in 12.9%. In line with the literature, @entity1 infiltration of the resection margins is a relevant prognostic factor, therefore intraoperative frozen section must be recommended. Treatment with curative intention, in particular extensive surgical resections, is seldom possible, and requires always a very intensive discussion with the @entity0 .

title: Recurrent XXXX : treatment strategies and survival analysis in a 20-year period.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Two-year-old @entity1 ( @entity1 (Bong.) Carr.) plants from four clones were grown in naturally lit growth chambers for 6 months at either ambient (350 ppm) or ambient + 250 ppm (600 ppm) @entity0 concentration. Plants were grown in large boxes filled with peat, in a system that allowed the roots of individual plants to be harvested easily at the end of the growing season. Half of the boxes were kept well watered and half were allowed to dry out slowly over the summer. Plants growing in elevated @entity0 showed a 6.9% increase in mean relative growth rate compared to controls in the drought treatment and a 9.8% increase compared to controls in the well-watered treatment, though there was considerable variation in response among the different clones and water treatments. Rates of net @entity0 assimilation were higher and stomatal conductances were lower in plants grown in elevated @entity0 than in ambient @entity0 in both the well-watered and drought treatments. Both of these factors contributed to the doubling of instantaneous water use efficiency. The partitioning of biomass to roots was unaffected by elevated @entity0 , but the ratio of needle mass/stems + branches mass decreased. Together with reduced stomatal conductance, this probably caused the observed increases in xylem pressure potentials with elevated @entity0 .

title: Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and drought on the growth and physiology of clonal XXXX plants ( @entity1 (Bong.) Carr.).

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two-year-old @entity1 ( @entity1 (Bong.) Carr.) plants from four clones were grown in naturally lit growth chambers for 6 months at either ambient (350 ppm) or ambient + 250 ppm (600 ppm) @entity0 concentration. Plants were grown in large boxes filled with peat, in a system that allowed the roots of individual plants to be harvested easily at the end of the growing season. Half of the boxes were kept well watered and half were allowed to dry out slowly over the summer. Plants growing in elevated @entity0 showed a 6.9% increase in mean relative growth rate compared to controls in the drought treatment and a 9.8% increase compared to controls in the well-watered treatment, though there was considerable variation in response among the different clones and water treatments. Rates of net @entity0 assimilation were higher and stomatal conductances were lower in plants grown in elevated @entity0 than in ambient @entity0 in both the well-watered and drought treatments. Both of these factors contributed to the doubling of instantaneous water use efficiency. The partitioning of biomass to roots was unaffected by elevated @entity0 , but the ratio of needle mass/stems + branches mass decreased. Together with reduced stomatal conductance, this probably caused the observed increases in xylem pressure potentials with elevated @entity0 .

title: Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and drought on the growth and physiology of clonal @entity1 plants ( XXXX (Bong.) Carr.).

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Early reocclusion of recanalized arteries has been observed after thrombolysis for acute @entity2 and has been attributed to platelet activation after exposure to thrombolytic agents. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the rate of reocclusion during intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute @entity1 and the effect of reocclusion on functional outcome. METHODS: @entity0 treated for acute @entity1 at our center between September 2000 and May 2002 received a maximum total dose of 4 U of reteplase intra-arterially in 1-U increments via superselective catheterization. Pharmacologic thrombolysis was supplemented by mechanical thrombolysis with balloon angioplasty or snare manipulation at the occlusion site. Angiography was performed after each unit of reteplase or mechanical maneuver, and the images were interpreted by a blinded reviewer. Reocclusion was defined as partial or complete initial recanalization with occlusion recurring at the same site as documented by angiography during the endovascular treatment. Reocclusions were treated by further pharmacologic and/or mechanical thrombolysis according to the discretion of the treating physician. Clinical evaluations were performed before and 24 hr, 7 to 10 days, and 1 to 3 months after treatment. RESULTS: Forty-six consecutive @entity0 underwent intra-arterial thrombolysis. Reocclusion was observed in eight (17%). Among these @entity0 , initial sites of occlusion were in the following arteries: intracranial internal carotid artery (n = 2), M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (n = 3), M1 and M2 segments of the middle cerebral artery (n = 2), and basilar artery (n = 1). The mean initial National Institutes of Health Scale score for these eight @entity0 was 23.3 +/- 6.2; mean time from symptom onset to treatment was 4.4 +/- 1.2 hr. The reocclusions were treated by using additional doses of reteplase alone (n = 1), reteplase with snare maneuver and/or angioplasty (n = 5), reteplase with angioplasty or snare and then stent placement (n = 1), and angioplasty with stent placement (n = 1). The reocclusions resolved in six of eight @entity0 after further treatment. Six @entity0 died and two survived but were severely disabled at 1 month (modified Rankin Scale scores of 4 and 5, respectively). Independent functional outcome scores (modified Rankin Scale scores of 0-2) were significantly lower among @entity0 with angiographically shown reocclusion than in those without (0 of 8 versus 17 of 38, P =.02). CONCLUSION: Reocclusion occurs relatively frequently during intra-arterial thrombolysis for @entity1 and seems to be associated with poor clinical outcomes.

title: Reocclusion of recanalized arteries during intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The efficacy of systemic @entity7 in combination with cardiopulmonary bypass for the repair of @entity3 is established. Surface cooling in @entity0 with @entity5 as a prebypass adjunct has been associated with @entity2 . Surface cooling in @entity0 @entity4 with @entity5 results in increased systemic vascular resistance and unchanged pulmonary vascular resistance with increased left-to-right shunting and a maldistribution of blood flow away from the viscera and kidneys. This study was to determine whether @entity6 ameliorates the deleterious effects of increased systemic vascular resistance during @entity7 in @entity0 @entity4 with @entity5 . Nine neonatal @entity4 (4 weeks, 4 kg) had experimental @entity5 resulting in a 2.3 +/- 0.3: 1 shunt. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances were determined by the flow probe and microsphere techniques. Systemic and pulmonary blood flow distributions were measured by the microsphere technique. Left-to-right shunt ratios were determined by oximetry, flow probe, and microsphere. The @entity4 were cooled to 28 degrees C and measurements were made at 37 degrees, 32 degrees, and 28 degrees C. We found that @entity6 abolishes the deleterious effects of surface cooling by blocking the rise of systemic vascular resistance without significant changes in aortic pressure. As a result, the animals maintained control pulmonary-to-systemic flow levels and maintained control levels of @entity1 delivery while showing a decline in @entity1 consumption. Additionally, the vasodilatory effect allowed the animals to cool twice as fast as animals without @entity6 . Regional blood flow distribution as percent cardiac output and absolute tissue flow were protected during surface cooling. This technique may have a role in cardiac operations on @entity0 with left-to-right shunts.

title: XXXX abolishes the deleterious effects of surface cooling-induced @entity7 on immature @entity4 with @entity5 .

answer: @entity6