abstract: OBJECTIVES: Early identification of potential recovery of @entity2 is a major challenge. We studied the additional predictive value of EEG. METHODS: Two hundred seventy-seven consecutive @entity2 @entity0 after @entity3 were included in a prospective cohort study on 2 intensive care units. Continuous EEG was measured during the first 3 days. EEGs were classified as unfavorable (isoelectric, low-voltage, burst-suppression with identical bursts), intermediate, or favorable (continuous patterns), at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Outcome was dichotomized as good or poor. Resuscitation, demographic, clinical, somatosensory evoked potential, and EEG measures were related to outcome at 6 months using logistic regression analysis. Analyses of diagnostic accuracy included receiver operating characteristics and calculation of predictive values. RESULTS: Poor outcome occurred in 149 @entity0 (54%). Single measures unequivocally predicting poor outcome were an unfavorable EEG pattern at 24 hours, absent pupillary light responses at 48 hours, and absent somatosensory evoked potentials at 72 hours. Together, these had a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 50%. For the remaining 203 @entity0 , who were still in the "gray zone" at 72 hours, a predictive model including unfavorable EEG patterns at 12 hours, absent or extensor motor response to @entity1 at 72 hours, and higher age had an area under the curve of 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.84-0.96). Favorable EEG patterns at 12 hours were strongly associated with good outcome. EEG beyond 24 hours had no additional predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: EEG within 24 hours is a robust contributor to prediction of poor or good outcome of @entity2 @entity0 after @entity3 .

title: Early EEG contributes to multimodal outcome prediction of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Testing of the integrity of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery has become routine practice for many surgeons to aid dissection and minimise the chance of @entity1 . We hypothesised that routine reversal of an intermediate-acting, non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent would improve conditions for stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. We conducted a single-centre, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of @entity0 undergoing thyroid surgery by the same surgeon. After randomisation, the @entity0 received either @entity2 2.5 mg with @entity5 0.4 mg or placebo, at 30 minutes after induction of anaesthesia and administration of 0.4 mg/kg of @entity4 . The primary outcome was the subjective assessment by the surgeon as to whether the neuromuscular function was adequate for stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve using a neuromuscular integrity monitor (NIM). Time to NIM stimulation was 44.6 minutes in the placebo group and 41.4 minutes in the intervention group (P=0.268). Of the 21 @entity0 who received the @entity3 reversal, 20 (95.2%) had adequate surgical conditions for NIM stimulation, compared to 9 out of 18 @entity0 (50%) in the placebo group (P=0.002). Three of the ten @entity0 (30%) with inadequate reversal showed no evidence of residual blockade assessed peripherally. The routine reversal of @entity3 at 30 minutes post induction appears to result in adequate surgical conditions for safe stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. @entity3 at a peripheral site does not guarantee adequate laryngeal muscle function for use of the NIM.

title: The effect of routine reversal of XXXX on adequacy of recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation during thyroid surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A comparative study chiefly of the recurrence rate of @entity4 after two treatment modalities was conducted. @entity0 were divided into a burr hole strict closed-system drainage group ( @entity3 group; n=56) and a burr hole closed-system drainage with irrigation group ( @entity5 group; n=45). The burr hole strict closed-system drainage involved simply inserting a drainage tube into the @entity6 as quickly as possible after minimally incising the haematoma capsule. The introduction of air into the @entity6 was prevented, and irrigation was not performed. Symptoms in both @entity2 disappeared soon after surgery, with no @entity1 . Haematoma recurred in one @entity0 (1.8%) of the @entity3 group compared with 5 (11.1%) of the @entity5 group. The rate of recurrence was significantly lower for the @entity3 than for the @entity5 group (p<0.05). In 4 of 5 recurrences in the @entity5 group, the volume of residual intracapsular air was sufficient after initial surgery. These results suggested that postoperative residual intracapsular air is a factor contributing to recurrence. Burr hole strict closed-system drainage is a simple, less invasive procedure with which to treat @entity4 and the outcome is excellent. Furthermore, prevention of intracapsular air intrusion during surgery might help prevent recurrence.

title: Strict closed-system drainage for treating XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We report a case of a 31 year-old @entity0 who in 1991 presented a clinical history of @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity5 . CT scan showed a right frontotemporal @entity6 . The first operation achieved a macroscopically complete resection. The @entity1 was histologically classified as a transitional @entity6 . There were recurrences of the @entity6 in 1994, 1996, 1997 and 1998. These recurrences were accompanied by differentiation to atypical and @entity6 . In all of these operations, a macroscopically complete resection of the @entity1 was performed. In 1996 adjuvant radiation therapy was given. In 1998 therapy with @entity8 was adopted. In April 1999, the @entity0 presented with @entity3 associated with L5 bilateral sciatica. MRI showed a @entity7 enhancing mass lesion at L5-S1 level. Complete @entity1 resection was performed. The histological findings were the same as in 1998. In December 1999 the @entity0 presented with perineal @entity3 and MRI showed a L4 and S3 recurrence and the @entity1 was resected. The histological findings were those of a @entity1 . In February 2000 an intracranial recurrence was detected and operated on. The histological diagnosis was @entity1 . A review of the literature was undertake and is discussed.

title: Recurrent lumbosacral metastases from XXXX . Report of a case and review of the literature.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adult @entity1 screening and treatment policies by the National @entity1 Education Program recommend that physicians screen all adults aged > 20 [corrected]. On the other hand, the American College of Physicians recommends that healthy young adult @entity0 aged > 35 and premenopausal @entity0 aged > 45 not be screened due to concerns about the cost of and health risks associated with overuse of pharmacologic therapy in lieu of lifestyle modification. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine the type of treatment (lifestyle vs. pharmacologic) that physicians actually prescribe for individuals screened for elevated @entity1 . METHODS: Self-report data were derived from the 1989-1990 cross-sectional survey of the Stanford Five-City Project on 1,883 Latino and Anglo @entity0 and @entity0 aged 20 to 74 years of age. A four-stage sequential design was conducted using multiple stepwise regression analyses with a significance cutpoint of P < .01. RESULTS: Young adult @entity0 and @entity0 were significantly less likely to report ever having been screened (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.07-1.09). Individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES) were also significantly less likely to report ever being screened (OR, 1.12; CI, 1.08-1.16), as were Latino @entity0 and @entity0 , regardless of age (OR 1.57; CI, 1.14-2.18). There were no significant differences in the pattern of physician care utilization among low SES or Latino individuals during the previous 12-month period. Among those under physician care to lower @entity1 , young adults were more likely to be prescribed lifestyle modification (OR, 0.95; CI, 0.92-0.98). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that although young adults are less likely to be screened, if screened they are more likely to be prescribed lifestyle modification than pharmacologic treatment for elevated @entity1 . The lower prevalence of screening among low SES and Latino individuals suggests the need for policy discussions to reduce these disparities.

title: Determinants of XXXX screening and treatment patterns. Insights for decision-makers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND PURPOSE: @entity1 are a prominent feature of the VATER association. Administration of @entity4 to timed-pregnant @entity2 resulted in a spectrum of anomalies similar to the @entity0 VATER association. The aim of this study is to describe the @entity1 in the @entity4 animal model. METHODS: Timed-pregnant @entity2 were injected with @entity4 intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 mg/kg on days 6 through 9 of gestation. Full-term fetuses were fixed in Bouin's solution and serial transverse sections were analyzed by light microscopy. All specimens were compared with suitable controls. RESULTS: In experimental animals, @entity1 were found in 98% of the examined fetuses. @entity8 with kinking of the ureters was obvious. Ureteric @entity6 led to obstructive @entity10 . @entity7 occurred in all experimental animals. Mesonephric ducts were seen joining a proximally blind-ending urethra in male animals. In females both paramesonephric ducts ended blindly after joining each other, and this resulted in @entity3 . In association with imperforate anus, a recto-urethral and a @entity5 was seen in male and female fetuses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 was an important feature in the @entity4 animal model. @entity9 resulted from blind-ending ureters.

title: XXXX in the VATER animal model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is a rare @entity1 with unusual distribution, and few population-based estimates for the United States have been published. METHODS: Using population-based @entity1 incidence and mortality data, we examined U.S. @entity3 incidence and @entity2 rates for 2007-2011 and trends for 1999-2011. RESULTS: During 2007 to 2011, approximately 3,700 @entity0 were diagnosed with primary @entity3 (rate = 1.13 cases per 100,000) and 2,000 died from the disease (rate = 0.62 @entity2 per 100,000) each year in the United States. Two thirds of @entity3 cases and @entity2 occurred among @entity0 . @entity3 incidence and @entity2 rates were three times higher among American Indian and Alaska Native @entity0 than non-Hispanic white @entity0 . By state, @entity3 incidence and @entity2 rates ranged by about 2-fold. During 1999 to 2011, @entity3 incidence rates decreased among @entity0 but remained level among @entity0 ; @entity2 rates declined among @entity0 but stabilized among @entity0 after declining from 1999 to 2006. @entity3 incidence rates increased in some subgroups, notably among black @entity0 , those aged <45 years, and for endocrine @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Data from U.S. population-based @entity1 registries confirm that @entity3 incidence and @entity2 rates are higher among @entity0 than @entity0 , highest among American Indian and Alaska Native @entity0 , and differ by region. While overall incidence and @entity2 rates decreased during 1999 to 2011, incidence rates increased among some small subgroups. IMPACT: Surveillance of @entity3 incidence and mortality, particularly to monitor increases in subgroups, may provide clues to etiology and stimulate further research.

title: XXXX Incidence and Mortality, United States 1999-2011.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: Ultrasound and biological tools are used to predict high-grade @entity4 , but other markers are needed to better select @entity0 who need voiding cystography. Our aim was to determine whether studying @entity1 virulence factors would help to predict @entity4 in @entity0 with their first acute @entity3 . METHODS: We included @entity0 presenting with @entity1 -related acute @entity3 or @entity2 . Vesicoureteral reflux was assessed by voiding cystography. Virulence factors were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression and the mean c-statistic test. RESULTS: We included 198 @entity0 : 30 with @entity2 and 168 with acute @entity3 , including 46 with @entity4 . High-grade reflux was associated with acute @entity3 caused by the @entity1 lacking virulence factors papGII (82% versus 47%, p  <  0.001) or papC (85% versus 53%, p  <  0.001) or belonging to phylogenetic group A or B1. When we added genetic data (lack of papGII, fyuA and phylogenetic groups) to classical predictors of @entity4 (ultrasound examination, gender, age), the ability to predict high-grade reflux increased, with the c-statistic rising from 0.88 to 0.93. CONCLUSION: Bacterial virulence factors and clinical factors helped to predict high-grade reflux and may help to avoid unnecessary voiding cystographies.

title: XXXX virulence patterns may help to predict @entity4 in paediatric urinary tract infections.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: Ultrasound and biological tools are used to predict high-grade @entity4 , but other markers are needed to better select @entity0 who need voiding cystography. Our aim was to determine whether studying @entity1 virulence factors would help to predict @entity4 in @entity0 with their first acute @entity3 . METHODS: We included @entity0 presenting with @entity1 -related acute @entity3 or @entity2 . Vesicoureteral reflux was assessed by voiding cystography. Virulence factors were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression and the mean c-statistic test. RESULTS: We included 198 @entity0 : 30 with @entity2 and 168 with acute @entity3 , including 46 with @entity4 . High-grade reflux was associated with acute @entity3 caused by the @entity1 lacking virulence factors papGII (82% versus 47%, p  <  0.001) or papC (85% versus 53%, p  <  0.001) or belonging to phylogenetic group A or B1. When we added genetic data (lack of papGII, fyuA and phylogenetic groups) to classical predictors of @entity4 (ultrasound examination, gender, age), the ability to predict high-grade reflux increased, with the c-statistic rising from 0.88 to 0.93. CONCLUSION: Bacterial virulence factors and clinical factors helped to predict high-grade reflux and may help to avoid unnecessary voiding cystographies.

title: @entity1 virulence patterns may help to predict XXXX in paediatric urinary tract infections.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The response adaptive randomization (RAR) method is used to increase the number of @entity0 assigned to more efficacious treatment arms in clinical trials. In many trials evaluating @entity1 @entity0 outcomes, RAR methods based only on the final measurement may not benefit significantly from RAR because of its delayed initiation. We propose a Bayesian RAR method to improve RAR performance by accounting for @entity1 @entity0 outcomes ( @entity1 RAR). We use a Bayesian linear mixed effects model to analyze @entity1 continuous @entity0 outcomes for calculating a @entity0 allocation probability. In addition, we aim to mitigate the loss of statistical power because of large @entity0 allocation imbalances by embedding adjusters into the @entity0 allocation probability calculation. Using extensive simulation we compared the operating characteristics of our proposed @entity1 RAR method with those of the RAR method based only on the final measurement and with an equal randomization method. Simulation results showed that our proposed @entity1 RAR method assigned more @entity0 to the presumably superior treatment arm compared with the other two methods. In addition, the embedded adjuster effectively worked to prevent extreme @entity0 allocation imbalances. However, our proposed method may not function adequately when the treatment effect difference is moderate or less, and still needs to be modified to deal with unexpectedly large departures from the presumed @entity1 data model. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Bayesian response adaptive randomization using XXXX outcomes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: One major challenge in personalized medicine research is to identify the environmental factors that can alter drug response, and to investigate their molecular mechanisms. These environmental factors include co-medications, food, and nutrition or dietary supplements. The increasing use of dietary supplements and their potential interactions with cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes is a highly significant personalized medicine research domain, because most of the drugs on the market are metabolized through CYP450 enzymes. METHODS: Initial bioinformatics analysis revealed a number of regulators of CYP450 enzymes from a @entity0 liver bank gene expression quantitative loci data set. Then, a compound-gene network was constructed from the curated literature data. This network consisted of compounds that interact with either CYPs and/or their regulators that influence either their gene expression or activity. We further evaluated this finding in three different cell lines: JEG3, HeLa, and LNCaP cells. RESULTS: From a total of 868 interactions we were able to identify an interesting interaction between @entity2 (i.e. @entity1 ) and the aromatase gene (i.e. @entity3 ). Our experimental results showed that @entity2 at physiological concentration significantly influenced @entity3 gene expressions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the presence of @entity2 may alter the efficacy of agents used to suppress aromatase expression.

title: A translational bioinformatic approach in identifying and validating an interaction between @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: One major challenge in personalized medicine research is to identify the environmental factors that can alter drug response, and to investigate their molecular mechanisms. These environmental factors include co-medications, food, and nutrition or dietary supplements. The increasing use of dietary supplements and their potential interactions with cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes is a highly significant personalized medicine research domain, because most of the drugs on the market are metabolized through CYP450 enzymes. METHODS: Initial bioinformatics analysis revealed a number of regulators of CYP450 enzymes from a @entity0 liver bank gene expression quantitative loci data set. Then, a compound-gene network was constructed from the curated literature data. This network consisted of compounds that interact with either CYPs and/or their regulators that influence either their gene expression or activity. We further evaluated this finding in three different cell lines: JEG3, HeLa, and LNCaP cells. RESULTS: From a total of 868 interactions we were able to identify an interesting interaction between @entity2 (i.e. @entity1 ) and the aromatase gene (i.e. @entity3 ). Our experimental results showed that @entity2 at physiological concentration significantly influenced @entity3 gene expressions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the presence of @entity2 may alter the efficacy of agents used to suppress aromatase expression.

title: A translational bioinformatic approach in identifying and validating an interaction between XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Low levels of @entity1 may be hazardous in the elderly, but available education focuses on younger, abusive, and dependent drinkers. A total of 209 older @entity0 participated in various components of the development and evaluation of 'A Toast To Health In Later Life!' health promotion materials for the elderly. @entity0 focus groups, physicians, educators, and @entity1 -use researchers contributed to all materials and measures. An education model for older adults guided the instructional format. Knowledge and self-efficacy scores increased significantly from pre- to post-test. Over 45% of @entity0 in selected senior centers reviewed the materials without prompting by the study team. Older adults are willing to read extensively about the relationships among drinking, health, and medication use. @entity0 educators should include consumers in the design of health promotion materials and measures. Practitioners who rely on written educational materials for @entity0 education and counseling should be provided with evidence of appropriateness, effectiveness, and feasibility.

title: Informing older adults about non-hazardous, hazardous, and harmful XXXX use.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Over the last few years, there has been increased emphasis on early discharge of @entity0 following carotid endarterectomy in the United States. Recent studies have shown that short-stay hospitalization for carotid endarterectomy may be safe and cost-effective. However, this is not always possible because of reasons that are not clearly delineated. In order to optimize the early discharge of @entity0 following carotid endarterectomy, an analysis of the causes of delayed discharges was performed in the present series. Since @entity5 has been shown to be the most frequent complication following carotid endarterectomy, the authors investigated whether it was an important factor preventing early @entity1 . This study reviewed the data of 100 consecutive @entity0 admitted for elective carotid endarterectomy. The incidence of post-carotid endarterectomy @entity5 was 37% (n = 37), with @entity2 occurring in 25 @entity0 (68%) and @entity4 occurring in 12 @entity0 (32%). @entity5 tended to occur with the use of general anesthesia as compared with regional anesthesia. @entity5 did not correlate with pre-existent history of @entity2 , nor with the type of drug used when general anesthesia was applied. All the @entity0 were successfully treated either in the recovery room or in a monitored area. The average total length of stay was 1.65 days with 79% of the @entity0 being discharged on the first postoperative day and 21% having delayed discharge ranging from 2 to 15 days (mean 4 days). The main reasons for delayed discharges were @entity3 . Blood pressure instability accounted for only 2% of cases. Thus, these data show that @entity5 does not significantly affect early discharge.

title: XXXX following carotid endarterectomy does not affect early discharge.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Conflicting reports are available with regard to the effects of childhood abuse and neglect on hippocampal function in @entity0 . While earlier imaging studies and some animal work have suggested that the effects of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) manifest only in adulthood, more recent studies have documented impaired hippocampal function in maltreated @entity0 and adolescents. Additional work using animal modes is needed to clarify the effects of @entity2 on hippocampal development. In this regard, genomic, proteomic, and molecular tools uniquely available in the @entity1 make it a particularly attractive model system to study this issue. However, very little work has been done so far to characterize the effects of @entity2 on hippocampal development in the @entity1 . To address this issue, we examined the effects of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), a @entity1 model of @entity2 that impairs hippocampal-dependent memory in adulthood, on hippocampal development in 28-day-old juvenile @entity1 . This age was chosen because it corresponds to the developmental period in which @entity0 imaging studies have revealed abnormal hippocampal development in maltreated @entity0 . Exposure to @entity3 caused a significant decrease in the total protein content of synaptosomes harvested from the hippocampus of 28-day-old male and female @entity1 , suggesting that @entity3 impairs normal synaptic development in the juvenile hippocampus. Using a novel liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-MRM) assay, we found decreased expression of many synaptic proteins, as well as proteins involved in axonal growth, myelination, and mitochondrial activity. Golgi staining in 28-day-old @entity3 @entity1 showed an increase in the number of immature and abnormally shaped spines and a decrease in the number of mature spines in @entity4 neurons, consistent with defects in synaptic maturation and synaptic pruning at this age. In 14-day-old pups, @entity3 deceased the expression of proteins involved in axonal growth and myelination, but did not affect the total protein content of synaptosomes harvested from the hippocampus, or protein levels of other synaptic markers. These results add two important findings to previous work in the field. First, our findings demonstrate that in 28-day-old juvenile @entity1 , @entity3 impairs synaptic maturation and reduces the expression of proteins that are necessary for axonal growth, myelination, and mitochondrial function. Second, the results suggest a sequential model in which @entity3 impairs normal axonal growth and myelination before it disrupts synaptic maturation in the juvenile hippocampus.

title: Early-Life Stress Perturbs Key Cellular Programs in the Developing XXXX Hippocampus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We evaluated the functional activities of antibodies, serum bactericidal activity (SBA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody avidity indices, using @entity4 ( @entity4 ) elution, elicited after vaccination with fractional doses of the @entity2 type b conjugate ( @entity3 [ @entity5 ] conjugated to @entity1 toxoid [PRP-T]) vaccine. A cohort of 600 @entity0 from the Dominican Republic were randomized to receive one of three regimens of the PRP-T vaccine at ages 2, 4, and 6 months: full doses (10 microg of PRP antigen), one-half doses (5.0 microg), and one-third doses (3.3 microg) (J. Fernandez et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 62:485-490, 2000). Sixty serum samples, collected at age 7 months, with > or =2.0 microg of anti-PRP IgG per ml were randomly selected for avidity determinations. Geometric mean IgG concentrations were 13, 14, and 17 microg/ml for @entity0 who received the full-dose (n = 19), one-half-dose (n = 19), and one-third-dose (n = 22) regimens, respectively. SBA geometric mean titers (1/dilution) were 85.0, 82.0, and 76.1 in sera from @entity0 receiving the full-, one-half-, and one-third-dose regimens, respectively. Avidity indices (mean +/- standard error weighted average of @entity4 molar concentration x serum dilution factor) were 71.9 +/- 9.4, 123.6 +/- 26.8, and 150.9 +/- 24.9 for the full-, one-half-, and one-third-dose regimens, respectively. Upon comparison, the only significant difference (P = 0.024) found was a greater avidity index for sera from @entity0 receiving the one-third-dose regimen than for sera from @entity0 receiving the the full-dose regimen. We conclude that fractional doses elicit similar functional antibody activities in @entity0 with > or = 2 microg of anti-PRP IgG per ml, corresponding to 89, 90, and 97% of @entity0 receiving three doses of either the full concentration or one-half or one-third of the labeled concentration, respectively. This approach offers an alternative strategy for the prevention of @entity2 type b disease in countries with limited resources.

title: Functional antibody activity elicited by fractional doses of @entity2 type b conjugate vaccine ( @entity3 - XXXX toxoid conjugate).

answer: @entity1


abstract: We evaluated the functional activities of antibodies, serum bactericidal activity (SBA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody avidity indices, using @entity4 ( @entity4 ) elution, elicited after vaccination with fractional doses of the @entity2 type b conjugate ( @entity3 [ @entity5 ] conjugated to @entity1 toxoid [PRP-T]) vaccine. A cohort of 600 @entity0 from the Dominican Republic were randomized to receive one of three regimens of the PRP-T vaccine at ages 2, 4, and 6 months: full doses (10 microg of PRP antigen), one-half doses (5.0 microg), and one-third doses (3.3 microg) (J. Fernandez et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 62:485-490, 2000). Sixty serum samples, collected at age 7 months, with > or =2.0 microg of anti-PRP IgG per ml were randomly selected for avidity determinations. Geometric mean IgG concentrations were 13, 14, and 17 microg/ml for @entity0 who received the full-dose (n = 19), one-half-dose (n = 19), and one-third-dose (n = 22) regimens, respectively. SBA geometric mean titers (1/dilution) were 85.0, 82.0, and 76.1 in sera from @entity0 receiving the full-, one-half-, and one-third-dose regimens, respectively. Avidity indices (mean +/- standard error weighted average of @entity4 molar concentration x serum dilution factor) were 71.9 +/- 9.4, 123.6 +/- 26.8, and 150.9 +/- 24.9 for the full-, one-half-, and one-third-dose regimens, respectively. Upon comparison, the only significant difference (P = 0.024) found was a greater avidity index for sera from @entity0 receiving the one-third-dose regimen than for sera from @entity0 receiving the the full-dose regimen. We conclude that fractional doses elicit similar functional antibody activities in @entity0 with > or = 2 microg of anti-PRP IgG per ml, corresponding to 89, 90, and 97% of @entity0 receiving three doses of either the full concentration or one-half or one-third of the labeled concentration, respectively. This approach offers an alternative strategy for the prevention of @entity2 type b disease in countries with limited resources.

title: Functional antibody activity elicited by fractional doses of @entity2 type b conjugate vaccine ( XXXX - @entity1 toxoid conjugate).

answer: @entity3


abstract: We evaluated the functional activities of antibodies, serum bactericidal activity (SBA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody avidity indices, using @entity4 ( @entity4 ) elution, elicited after vaccination with fractional doses of the @entity2 type b conjugate ( @entity3 [ @entity5 ] conjugated to @entity1 toxoid [PRP-T]) vaccine. A cohort of 600 @entity0 from the Dominican Republic were randomized to receive one of three regimens of the PRP-T vaccine at ages 2, 4, and 6 months: full doses (10 microg of PRP antigen), one-half doses (5.0 microg), and one-third doses (3.3 microg) (J. Fernandez et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 62:485-490, 2000). Sixty serum samples, collected at age 7 months, with > or =2.0 microg of anti-PRP IgG per ml were randomly selected for avidity determinations. Geometric mean IgG concentrations were 13, 14, and 17 microg/ml for @entity0 who received the full-dose (n = 19), one-half-dose (n = 19), and one-third-dose (n = 22) regimens, respectively. SBA geometric mean titers (1/dilution) were 85.0, 82.0, and 76.1 in sera from @entity0 receiving the full-, one-half-, and one-third-dose regimens, respectively. Avidity indices (mean +/- standard error weighted average of @entity4 molar concentration x serum dilution factor) were 71.9 +/- 9.4, 123.6 +/- 26.8, and 150.9 +/- 24.9 for the full-, one-half-, and one-third-dose regimens, respectively. Upon comparison, the only significant difference (P = 0.024) found was a greater avidity index for sera from @entity0 receiving the one-third-dose regimen than for sera from @entity0 receiving the the full-dose regimen. We conclude that fractional doses elicit similar functional antibody activities in @entity0 with > or = 2 microg of anti-PRP IgG per ml, corresponding to 89, 90, and 97% of @entity0 receiving three doses of either the full concentration or one-half or one-third of the labeled concentration, respectively. This approach offers an alternative strategy for the prevention of @entity2 type b disease in countries with limited resources.

title: Functional antibody activity elicited by fractional doses of XXXX type b conjugate vaccine ( @entity3 - @entity1 toxoid conjugate).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Death from massive @entity2 due to @entity1 is potentially preventable after hospital admission using @entity2 control and improved resuscitation techniques including massive transfusion protocols. Massive transfusion protocols (MTP) are an essential element of damage control resuscitation and provide a coordinated clinical pathology response to massive @entity2 after hospital admission. The decision to activate and de-activate a MTP is based on a number of @entity0 and local factors. The purpose of this before-and-after study was to determine the impact of modifying a protocol to include emergency red cells. In addition, we investigated whether massive transfusion prediction models could have been used to guide on-going transfusion support. METHODS: Sequential MTP activations over three years, before and after protocol revision, were analysed. Percentage of MTP activation, component usage and outcome data were compared. @entity1 associated severe @entity2 (TASH) and assessment of blood consumption (ABC) scores were derived and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis undertaken for an outcome defined as the use of >6 red cell units. RESULTS: 52 @entity4 and 66 MTP2 activations arose from 216 and 495 major @entity1 cases, respectively. Protocol change significantly reduced the MTP activation rate (p=0.0006) from 24% to 13%, and the number of activations requiring >10 @entity3 increased from 13% to 36% (p=0.006). Average emergency red cells usage in the second cohort increased to 4 units. Survival, coagulation parameters, and time to MTP pack issue were all unaffected by the protocol revision. The TASH score showed an area under ROC (AUROC) of 0.88 ongoing transfusion requirements. CONCLUSION: The change in protocol increased the use of emergency red cells but reduced MTP activation and use of multiple blood components. The TASH score appears to provide a useful predictive tool for ongoing transfusion support and may be of value for the @entity1 clinicians.

title: Emergency red cells first: Rapid response or speed bump? The evolution of a massive transfusion protocol for XXXX in a single UK centre.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Lymphocytes respond to myelin proteins after @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and may contribute to post-traumatic secondary degeneration. However, there is increasing evidence that autoreactive T-lymphocytes may also convey neuroprotection and promote functional recovery after CNS injury. To clarify the role of myelin autoreactive lymphocytes after @entity5 , we performed contusion injuries in the thoracic spinal cord of transgenic (Tg) @entity2 in which >95% of all @entity6 + T-lymphocytes are reactive with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). We observed significantly impaired recovery of locomotor and reflex function in Tg @entity2 compared with non-Tg (nTg) littermates. Measures of functional impairment in Tg @entity2 correlated with significantly less white matter at the injury site, and morphometric comparisons of injured Tg and nTg spinal cords revealed increased rostrocaudal lesion expansion (i.e., secondary degeneration) in Tg @entity2 . Rostrocaudal to the impact site in @entity5 -nTg @entity2 , @entity1 was restricted to the dorsal funiculus, i.e., axons undergoing @entity7 . The remaining white matter appeared normal. In contrast, lymphocytes were colocalized with regions of @entity1 and axon loss throughout the white matter of @entity5 -Tg @entity2 . Impaired neurological function and exacerbated neuropathology in @entity5 -Tg @entity2 were associated with increased intraspinal production of proinflammatory cytokine mRNA; neurotrophin mRNA was not elevated. These data suggest that endogenous @entity8 -reactive lymphocytes, activated by traumatic @entity5 , can contribute to tissue injury and impair functional recovery. Any neuroprotection afforded by myelin-reactive T-cells is likely to be an indirect effect mediated by other non-CNS-reactive lymphocytes. Similar to the Tg @entity2 in this study, a subset of @entity0 that are genetically predisposed to @entity4 of the CNS may be adversely affected by vaccine therapies designed to boost autoreactive lymphocyte responses after CNS @entity3 . Consequently, the safe implementation of such therapies requires that future studies define the mechanisms that control T-cell function within the injured CNS.

title: Pathological CNS XXXX triggered by traumatic @entity5 : implications for autoimmune vaccine therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Lymphocytes respond to myelin proteins after @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and may contribute to post-traumatic secondary degeneration. However, there is increasing evidence that autoreactive T-lymphocytes may also convey neuroprotection and promote functional recovery after CNS injury. To clarify the role of myelin autoreactive lymphocytes after @entity5 , we performed contusion injuries in the thoracic spinal cord of transgenic (Tg) @entity2 in which >95% of all @entity6 + T-lymphocytes are reactive with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). We observed significantly impaired recovery of locomotor and reflex function in Tg @entity2 compared with non-Tg (nTg) littermates. Measures of functional impairment in Tg @entity2 correlated with significantly less white matter at the injury site, and morphometric comparisons of injured Tg and nTg spinal cords revealed increased rostrocaudal lesion expansion (i.e., secondary degeneration) in Tg @entity2 . Rostrocaudal to the impact site in @entity5 -nTg @entity2 , @entity1 was restricted to the dorsal funiculus, i.e., axons undergoing @entity7 . The remaining white matter appeared normal. In contrast, lymphocytes were colocalized with regions of @entity1 and axon loss throughout the white matter of @entity5 -Tg @entity2 . Impaired neurological function and exacerbated neuropathology in @entity5 -Tg @entity2 were associated with increased intraspinal production of proinflammatory cytokine mRNA; neurotrophin mRNA was not elevated. These data suggest that endogenous @entity8 -reactive lymphocytes, activated by traumatic @entity5 , can contribute to tissue injury and impair functional recovery. Any neuroprotection afforded by myelin-reactive T-cells is likely to be an indirect effect mediated by other non-CNS-reactive lymphocytes. Similar to the Tg @entity2 in this study, a subset of @entity0 that are genetically predisposed to @entity4 of the CNS may be adversely affected by vaccine therapies designed to boost autoreactive lymphocyte responses after CNS @entity3 . Consequently, the safe implementation of such therapies requires that future studies define the mechanisms that control T-cell function within the injured CNS.

title: Pathological CNS @entity4 triggered by traumatic XXXX : implications for autoimmune vaccine therapy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for symptomatic uterine @entity4 by use of porous gelatin particles (PGP) in comparison with conventional hand-cut gelatin sponge particles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifteen consecutive @entity0 who had undergone UAE were retrospectively assessed. The first 64 @entity0 were treated with hand-cut gelatin sponge and the last 51 with PGP. Extent of @entity2 , volume reduction of the dominant @entity4 on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and change in symptoms were assessed. RESULTS: UAE was successfully performed for all @entity0 . No major complications were observed. MR images one month after UAE showed that the mean extent of @entity2 was 97  % for @entity0 treated with PGP and 96  % for those treated with hand-cut gelatin sponge. Volume reductions of the dominant @entity4 after 3, 6, 12, and 24  months were, respectively, 45, 56, 62, and 66  % for use of PGP and 45, 57, 63, and 68  % for use of hand-cut gelatin sponge. Symptoms including heavy @entity1 , heavy @entity3 , and abdominal heaviness had improved by 95-100  % at 12  months. There was no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: UAE with PGP is safe, and as effective as conventional gelatin sponge particles.

title: Uterine artery embolization by use of porous gelatin particles for symptomatic uterine XXXX : comparison with hand-cut gelatin sponge particles.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Health professionals must be aware of the impact on parents of the birth of @entity0 with @entity1 . This study aimed to analyze the experiences and perceptions of such parents. Parents of 30 @entity0 who were evaluated in a reference center for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were interviewed. The questionnaire covered the prenatal period, the moment they were told about the disorder, initial management by health professionals, and problems they experienced. Only two cases were detected during pregnancy. The news was usually given to the mother alone by pediatricians. Most parents kept it secret and avoided exposing the baby to the prejudice of others. Parents of @entity0 who were referred without sex assignment usually held a personal belief of their @entity0 's sex. Previous assignment was based on clinical examination and/or karyotype. Spreading knowledge about @entity1 could increase awareness of this issue, thus reducing parents' shock and societal stigma. Training of neonatal care teams is required to avoid assignment before evaluation.

title: Parents' experiences of having a baby with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: EndoAnchors have been used to address proximal @entity6 including type Ia endoleaks and endograft migration after endovascular @entity2 repair (EVAR). METHODS: The study population included 100 @entity0 with one-year follow-up in the ANCHOR study. A primary cohort (N   =   73) comprised @entity0 who underwent EndoAnchor implantation at the time of an initial EVAR and a Revision cohort (N   =   27) included @entity0 treated remote from EVAR. A hostile neck was defined for neck length <10   mm, neck diameter >28   mm, angulation >60  , conical configuration or significant mural @entity4 or @entity3 . RESULTS: Baseline anatomy included neck length of 17        14   mm, diameter of 27        5   mm, and angulation of 35        18  ; 83% of @entity0 had hostile necks. Over 18        4 months of clinical follow-up, six @entity0 (6%) underwent @entity1 -related reinterventions. There were no @entity5 . Over 13        2 months of imaging follow-up, freedom from type Ia endoleak was 95% in the Primary Arm and 77% in the Revision Arm (P   =   .006). @entity1 sacs regressed   >   5   mm within one year in 45% of the Primary cases and in 25% of the Revisions. @entity1 expansion   >   5   mm occurred in one revision @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Despite a high frequency of hostile neck anatomy, proximal neck complications were relatively infrequent after EndoAnchor use.

title: One-year results of the ANCHOR trial of EndoAnchors for the prevention and treatment of @entity6 after XXXX repair.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: EndoAnchors have been used to address proximal @entity6 including type Ia endoleaks and endograft migration after endovascular @entity2 repair (EVAR). METHODS: The study population included 100 @entity0 with one-year follow-up in the ANCHOR study. A primary cohort (N   =   73) comprised @entity0 who underwent EndoAnchor implantation at the time of an initial EVAR and a Revision cohort (N   =   27) included @entity0 treated remote from EVAR. A hostile neck was defined for neck length <10   mm, neck diameter >28   mm, angulation >60  , conical configuration or significant mural @entity4 or @entity3 . RESULTS: Baseline anatomy included neck length of 17        14   mm, diameter of 27        5   mm, and angulation of 35        18  ; 83% of @entity0 had hostile necks. Over 18        4 months of clinical follow-up, six @entity0 (6%) underwent @entity1 -related reinterventions. There were no @entity5 . Over 13        2 months of imaging follow-up, freedom from type Ia endoleak was 95% in the Primary Arm and 77% in the Revision Arm (P   =   .006). @entity1 sacs regressed   >   5   mm within one year in 45% of the Primary cases and in 25% of the Revisions. @entity1 expansion   >   5   mm occurred in one revision @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Despite a high frequency of hostile neck anatomy, proximal neck complications were relatively infrequent after EndoAnchor use.

title: One-year results of the ANCHOR trial of EndoAnchors for the prevention and treatment of XXXX after @entity1 repair.

answer: @entity6


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report of primary @entity7 in the lumbar spine and a review of the literature are presented. OBJECTIVE: To present the result of pathologic diagnosis using immunohistochemical staining and the treatment of @entity7 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Spinal @entity7 is a very rare soft tissue @entity2 with specific pathologic features and a clinical course featuring high rates of recurrence and @entity1 . METHODS: A 39-year-old @entity0 reported @entity6 in both legs. Neither @entity8 nor @entity4 was present in her lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a @entity2 dorsal to the thecal sac at L1-L2. After L1 and L2 laminectomy, the @entity2 with its dural base was resected en bloc. RESULTS: The @entity0 's clinical and @entity3 disappeared after surgery. Microscopic examination showed oval- or spindle-shaped cells with slightly acidic cytoplasm and oval nuclei. @entity5 staining emphasized fibers around @entity2 cells. The test results for the @entity2 cells were positive for vimentin staining, but negative for alpha-TM staining using thrombomodulin, a marker for endothelial cells. On the basis of these pathologic findings, the @entity2 was diagnosed as a @entity7 , a type of @entity2 composed of mesenchymal hemangiopericytes. Neither recurrence nor @entity1 of the @entity2 was found during the 2-year follow-up period after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Soft tissue @entity7 is a well-recognized entity considered to be an aggressive @entity2 with a high rate of recurrence and a propensity to metastasize. Immunohistochemical investigation was essential for the diagnosis of this @entity2 . Although @entity7 very rarely occurs in the spine, surgeons treating @entity0 with this @entity2 should be aware of its metastatic potential.

title: XXXX in the lumbar spine: a case report.

answer: @entity7


abstract: AIM: The presence of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) in the root canal interferes with the apical root canal sealing and may result in @entity2 in the long run. The present study was aimed to compare the efficacy of two rotary systems of Race and Mtwo in the removal of @entity4 aqueous-based from distobuccal canals of @entity0 maxillary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 44 distobuccal root canals of @entity0 maxillary molars were randomly distributed into two groups of 20 canals each and two control groups. Specimens in each group were instrumented with similar master @entity1 (MAR) and flexible files according to the manufacture's guidelines. The @entity4 paste was placed in canals using # 20 lentulo and radiographs were taken from the two dimensions. The roots were incubated for 1 week at 37  C and 100% humidity and @entity4 was removed from canals by MAR, afterward. Then, the roots were longitudinally split in halves by diamond disk and chisel without entering the root canals. Photos were taken from the canals' walls by a stereomicroscope with * 10 magnification. Next, according to a defined scoring system, photos were scored by four endodontists, so that scores 1 and 2 (nonvisible remnants or scattered remnants of @entity4 ) were considered as acceptable and scores 3 and 4 (distinct mass or densely-packed mass of @entity4 ) were regarded as nonacceptable. RESULTS: The obtained findings indicated that in coronal, middle, and apical portions of the root canal, 45, 60, and 65% of Mtwo specimens and 40, 50, and 55% of specimens prepared by the Race system acquired an acceptable score (1 and 2), respectively. Moreover, the results showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both Mtwo and Race rotary systems with acceptable removal efficiency (score 1 and 2) were similarly able to remove @entity4 .

title: Intra-canal XXXX removal by two rotary systems: A comparative study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The prevalence of @entity10 has been estimated at between 1 out of 1000 and 1 out of 2500 live births; it is often confused with @entity9 because the two conditions display a common phenotype. Even if @entity10 is typically associated with congenital @entity3 , prognosis is generally good. We describe the case of a female @entity0 , deaf from infancy, in whom the presence of obstructive @entity2 had been previously demonstrated angiographically at 29 years of age. A diagnosis of @entity9 had been made on the basis of her physical features. One year later she began to complain of accessional @entity1 with @entity4 ; @entity5 occurred at 48 years of age. The @entity0 suddenly died during a hospital stay for investigation of these symptoms. Autopsy evidenced multiple @entity8 due to @entity6 . She had normal female genitalia. This case demonstrates that @entity10 is still misdiagnosed, and that it may have various clinical symptoms. In particular, it underscores the opportunity of carrying out systematic research on @entity7 in these @entity0 because they are potentially fatal.

title: [ XXXX associated with @entity8 . Report of a case].

answer: @entity10


abstract: The prevalence of @entity10 has been estimated at between 1 out of 1000 and 1 out of 2500 live births; it is often confused with @entity9 because the two conditions display a common phenotype. Even if @entity10 is typically associated with congenital @entity3 , prognosis is generally good. We describe the case of a female @entity0 , deaf from infancy, in whom the presence of obstructive @entity2 had been previously demonstrated angiographically at 29 years of age. A diagnosis of @entity9 had been made on the basis of her physical features. One year later she began to complain of accessional @entity1 with @entity4 ; @entity5 occurred at 48 years of age. The @entity0 suddenly died during a hospital stay for investigation of these symptoms. Autopsy evidenced multiple @entity8 due to @entity6 . She had normal female genitalia. This case demonstrates that @entity10 is still misdiagnosed, and that it may have various clinical symptoms. In particular, it underscores the opportunity of carrying out systematic research on @entity7 in these @entity0 because they are potentially fatal.

title: [ @entity10 associated with XXXX . Report of a case].

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Administration of corticosteroids to kidney recipients has hampered the complete clinical success of kidney transplantation. Because most organ transplantation in Japan is living-related, we had the experience of performing kidney transplantation (KT) after liver transplantation (LT) from the same donor in four @entity0 and successfully withdrew @entity2 administration. METHODS: Three pediatric and one adult @entity0 received kidney allografts from 3 to 10 months after LT from the same donor. The immunosuppressive regimen consisted of a corticosteroid and @entity4 . The @entity1 was withdrawn after KT in all four @entity0 . After complete withdrawal of the @entity1 , DNA was extracted from two recipients and examined by polymerase chain reaction to detect microchimerism. A mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were performed to test for donor-specific @entity6 . RESULTS: @entity1 withdrawal was successfully accomplished after KT in every @entity0 . No @entity1 -withdrawal-associated complications were observed. In the three pediatric @entity0 , remarkable catch-up growth was observed after @entity1 withdrawal. In the two @entity0 tested, donor DNA was not detected by polymerase chain reaction, suggesting the absence of microchimerism. MLR and @entity5 showed that recipient lymphocytes reacted against donor lymphocytes at the same level as against the third-party lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: @entity1 withdrawal was successfully achieved in four kidney recipients who had received a liver allograft from the same donor. The MLR and @entity5 findings indicated the absence of donor-specific @entity6 in vitro. Although the precise mechanism is not yet clear, KT after LT from the same donor should be considered as a method that allows @entity3 to be withdrawn from the immunosuppressive regimen of KT.

title: Kidney transplantation after liver transplantation from the same donor: four cases of successful XXXX withdrawal.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 that presents at age 35 years or younger has been classified as early onset type and is often characterized by chronic severe @entity2 . Endotherapy, with drainage of the main pancreatic duct, can lead to control of @entity2 if ductal @entity1 is an important cause. Long-term results of endotherapy in @entity0 with early onset @entity3 are reported herein. METHODS: This retrospective study consists of 11 @entity0 (6 @entity0 , 5 @entity0 ; mean age 24.2 years, range 16-34 years) treated endoscopically in a 6.5-year period. The indication for treatment was @entity2 in all @entity0 and all had a dilated main pancreatic duct on pancreatography. The objectives of endoscopic treatment were to obtain good drainage of the pancreatic duct and complete clearance of ductal stones. RESULTS: Treatment was successful in all @entity0 with no procedure-related mortality and with mild complications. Seven @entity0 remained free of @entity2 relapses after a mean follow-up of 78.3 months (37-116 months). Seven relapses of @entity2 were recorded in the remaining 4 @entity0 . Endoscopic retreatment was successful in all cases. The difference between the number of hospitalizations during the year before treatment (mean 2.2, range 1-9) and the year after (mean 0.3, range 0-2) was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Statistical significance was maintained at 3 and 6 years' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic treatment could be regarded as the initial management of choice for @entity0 with early onset @entity3 .

title: Endotherapy of early onset XXXX : results with long-term follow-up.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. Antioxidant and oxidative enzymes were examined in renal glomeruli and proximal tubules of healthy young @entity1 (10-12 weeks old), and results were related to the @entity2 anion generation of these tissues. 2. Activities of @entity2 dismutases, catalase, and @entity5 peroxidase were 3- to 6-fold higher in proximal tubules than in glomeruli. Similarly, enzyme levels and mRNA levels of @entity2 dismutases and catalase were significantly higher in proximal tubules. 3. @entity6 - and @entity4 -dependent oxidase activity and @entity7 oxidase activity were not different in glomeruli and proximal tubules. 4. Measurements with @entity8 -enhanced chemiluminescence in vital tissues indicated 10-fold higher rates of @entity2 anion in glomeruli than in tubules. 5. Compared with the young @entity1 , tubules of 8-month-old @entity1 had significantly higher @entity2 anion rates and lower @entity2 dismutase activity, whereas @entity6 - and @entity4 -dependent oxidase activities were unchanged. 6. We conclude that considerable differences in the antioxidant-oxidant balance exist between the glomerulus and proximal tubule. Results from experiments using chemiluminescence in vital tissues suggest that changes in the antioxidant-oxidant balance have an effect on @entity0 radical levels. The relevance of the observed differences to glomerular and tubulo- @entity3 remains to be determined, but a greater susceptibility of the glomerulus to oxidant stress might be anticipated.

title: Antioxidant-oxidant balance in the glomerulus and proximal tubule of the XXXX kidney.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 is a common finding in dialysis @entity0 . Since @entity2 rate and mortality associated with @entity2 are high in dialysis @entity0 , @entity5 may be one of the contributing factors. In the present study, we evaluated the mechanism responsible for @entity5 in these @entity0 . Lymphocytes isolated from dialysis @entity0 showed increased apoptosis (p < 0.001) when compared to lymphocytes isolated from healthy subjects (healthy subjects, 0.5 +/- 0.2% vs. dialysis @entity0 , 8.8 +/- 0.7% apoptotic cells/field). Sera from dialysis @entity0 promoted lymphocyte apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These sera also enhanced lymphocyte DNA fragmentation into multiple integers of 180 base pairs in the form of a ladder pattern. Cellulose @entity3 membranes promoted T cell apoptosis when compared to @entity4 membranes and to control. Cellulose @entity3 dialysis membranes also appear to promote lymphocyte @entity1 expression. Similarly, dialysis sera enhanced T cell Fas as well as @entity1 expression. Neither the cellulose @entity3 nor @entity4 membranes could induce @entity1 expression on B cells. Similarly, dialysis sera failed to induce @entity1 expression on B cells. On the other hand, anti- @entity1 antibodies attenuated dialysis sera-induced apoptosis in T as well as B cells. Interestingly, dialysis serum showed a 5-fold increase in @entity1 content when compared with control serum. These results suggest that dialysis-associated factors can induce autocrine death in T cells but the help of activated T cells is required to induce death in B cells.

title: XXXX in dialysis @entity0 : a preliminary study indicating a possible role of apoptosis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 is a common finding in dialysis @entity0 . Since @entity2 rate and mortality associated with @entity2 are high in dialysis @entity0 , @entity5 may be one of the contributing factors. In the present study, we evaluated the mechanism responsible for @entity5 in these @entity0 . Lymphocytes isolated from dialysis @entity0 showed increased apoptosis (p < 0.001) when compared to lymphocytes isolated from healthy subjects (healthy subjects, 0.5 +/- 0.2% vs. dialysis @entity0 , 8.8 +/- 0.7% apoptotic cells/field). Sera from dialysis @entity0 promoted lymphocyte apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These sera also enhanced lymphocyte DNA fragmentation into multiple integers of 180 base pairs in the form of a ladder pattern. Cellulose @entity3 membranes promoted T cell apoptosis when compared to @entity4 membranes and to control. Cellulose @entity3 dialysis membranes also appear to promote lymphocyte @entity1 expression. Similarly, dialysis sera enhanced T cell Fas as well as @entity1 expression. Neither the cellulose @entity3 nor @entity4 membranes could induce @entity1 expression on B cells. Similarly, dialysis sera failed to induce @entity1 expression on B cells. On the other hand, anti- @entity1 antibodies attenuated dialysis sera-induced apoptosis in T as well as B cells. Interestingly, dialysis serum showed a 5-fold increase in @entity1 content when compared with control serum. These results suggest that dialysis-associated factors can induce autocrine death in T cells but the help of activated T cells is required to induce death in B cells.

title: @entity5 in dialysis XXXX : a preliminary study indicating a possible role of apoptosis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Our goal was to determine the contributions of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity to entropy measures of heart rate variability (HRV). We compared our results with two commonly used methods to analyze HRV: standard deviation (SDNN) and power spectral analysis (HF norm). Beat-by-beat analysis of R-R intervals was performed in conscious @entity0 . The R-R intervals were analyzed with approximate entropy (ApEn) and entropy of symbolic dynamics (SymDyn) to assess the effects of reducing system complexity. This was achieved by pharmacologically inhibiting sympathetic, parasympathetic, and total autonomic nervous system regulation of heart rate. Three conditions were examined: rest, standing, and systemic @entity1 . At rest or standing, sympathetic inhibition ( @entity2 ) had no effect on ApEn or SymDyn, whereas parasympathetic ( @entity3 ) and combined ( @entity2 + @entity3 ) inhibition reduced both entropy measures to near zero. Systemic @entity1 reduced both entropy measures in intact @entity0 . When @entity1 was induced after sympathetic inhibition, ApEn was increased compared with @entity1 alone, whereas parasympathetic inhibition with @entity1 resulted in near-zero ApEn. Changes in the entropy measures of HRV were directionally similar to changes in SDNN and HF norm. These results indicate that the entropy of R-R intervals reflects parasympathetic modulation of heart rate.

title: Entropy measures of heart rate variation in conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Spontaneous @entity1 of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) occurs in some arteries of the @entity0 during growth and aging. Inbred, normotensive, Brown Norway (BN) @entity0 are particularly susceptible to @entity1 of the IEL, especially in the abdominal aorta (AA). Preliminary experiments showed that different @entity5 ( @entity5 ) inhibitors protect against @entity1 of the IEL in the BN @entity0 to a greater extent than @entity6 , suggesting a role of the @entity7 -angiotensin system (RAS) in this phenomenon. To explore this possibility, we have treated male BN @entity0 from 4.5 to 14 weeks of age with either @entity9 or @entity10 (both at 1, 3, and 10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) or with the @entity2 antagonists @entity3 (at 3, 10, 30, and 45 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and @entity8 (at 30 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly, and at the end of treatment we (1) recorded body and heart weights, (2) measured various parameters of the RAS in plasma, (3) quantified interruptions in the IEL on "en face" preparations of AA, and (4) quantified elastin, collagen, and cell proteins in the media of the thoracic aorta. Results showed that @entity9 and @entity10 similarly decrease SBP and @entity1 of the IEL in the AA, suggesting that @entity9 inhibits the latter via a decrease in the production of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and not via another effect on @entity5 . The decrease in IEL @entity1 and in SBP, as well as the modifications in the parameters of the RAS, were all dose dependent. @entity3 had little effect on the RAS and, at the highest doses, decreased SBP to an extent similar to that for @entity9 at 3 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) but did not significantly inhibit IEL @entity1 . @entity8 decreased SBP, increased plasma @entity7 concentration, and was without effect on IEL @entity1 . All treatments at the highest doses had a hypotrophic effect on the aortic media but differed in their effects on the heart, with @entity9 and @entity10 decreasing and @entity3 and @entity8 increasing heart weight, suggesting that the inhibition of IEL @entity1 may be related to a cardiac hypotrophic effect. All these results, taken together, suggest that @entity4 plays a role in the @entity1 of the IEL that is, in part, independent of SBP.

title: Protection of the arterial internal elastic lamina by inhibition of the XXXX -angiotensin system in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Spontaneous @entity1 of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) occurs in some arteries of the @entity0 during growth and aging. Inbred, normotensive, Brown Norway (BN) @entity0 are particularly susceptible to @entity1 of the IEL, especially in the abdominal aorta (AA). Preliminary experiments showed that different @entity5 ( @entity5 ) inhibitors protect against @entity1 of the IEL in the BN @entity0 to a greater extent than @entity6 , suggesting a role of the @entity7 -angiotensin system (RAS) in this phenomenon. To explore this possibility, we have treated male BN @entity0 from 4.5 to 14 weeks of age with either @entity9 or @entity10 (both at 1, 3, and 10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) or with the @entity2 antagonists @entity3 (at 3, 10, 30, and 45 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and @entity8 (at 30 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly, and at the end of treatment we (1) recorded body and heart weights, (2) measured various parameters of the RAS in plasma, (3) quantified interruptions in the IEL on "en face" preparations of AA, and (4) quantified elastin, collagen, and cell proteins in the media of the thoracic aorta. Results showed that @entity9 and @entity10 similarly decrease SBP and @entity1 of the IEL in the AA, suggesting that @entity9 inhibits the latter via a decrease in the production of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and not via another effect on @entity5 . The decrease in IEL @entity1 and in SBP, as well as the modifications in the parameters of the RAS, were all dose dependent. @entity3 had little effect on the RAS and, at the highest doses, decreased SBP to an extent similar to that for @entity9 at 3 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) but did not significantly inhibit IEL @entity1 . @entity8 decreased SBP, increased plasma @entity7 concentration, and was without effect on IEL @entity1 . All treatments at the highest doses had a hypotrophic effect on the aortic media but differed in their effects on the heart, with @entity9 and @entity10 decreasing and @entity3 and @entity8 increasing heart weight, suggesting that the inhibition of IEL @entity1 may be related to a cardiac hypotrophic effect. All these results, taken together, suggest that @entity4 plays a role in the @entity1 of the IEL that is, in part, independent of SBP.

title: Protection of the arterial internal elastic lamina by inhibition of the @entity7 -angiotensin system in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The treatment of @entity8 requires a multidisciplinary approach involving the family physician, orthopedic oncologist, medical oncologist, radiologist and pathologist. @entity8 is a mesenchymally derived, high-grade @entity5 . It is the third most common @entity2 in @entity0 and adolescents. The most frequent sites of origin are the distal femur, proximal tibia and proximal humerus. @entity0 typically present with @entity6 , @entity1 , localized enlargement of the extremity and, occasionally, pathologic @entity7 . Most @entity0 present with @entity3 . Radiographs commonly demonstrate a mixed @entity9 and @entity4 arising in the metaphyseal region of the involved bone. Computed tomography and bone scanning are recommended to detect pulmonary and bone metastases, respectively. Before 1970, @entity8 were treated with amputation. Survival was poor: 80 percent of @entity0 died from metastatic disease. With the development of induction and adjuvant chemotherapy protocols, advances in surgical techniques and improvements in radiologic staging studies, 90 to 95 percent of @entity0 with @entity8 can now be treated with limb-sparing resection and reconstruction. Long-term survival and cure rates have increased to between 60 and 80 percent in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: XXXX : a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Routine use of positive end-expiratory pressure (based on the pressure at the lower inflection point on the static total respiratory compliance curve) along with a maneuver to recruit atelectatic lung has been advocated after cardiothoracic surgery. OBJECTIVES: To determine if the lower inflection point is related to outcomes in @entity0 after sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass. METHOD: A prospective observational study involving estimation of the lower inflection point on the inflation pressure-volume plot obtained with a low-flow technique. Duration of intubation, length of stay, @entity1 , and results of spirometry were compared between @entity0 with a "high " inflection point (> or =10 cm @entity2 ) and @entity0 with a "low" inflection point (< or =5 cm @entity2 ). RESULTS: Ninety-five @entity0 were enrolled. After exclusion for incomplete data, 65 @entity0 (49 @entity0 , 16 @entity0 ; mean age, 66.1 years; SD, 9.5 years) were included. The mean lower inflection point was 6.33 cm @entity2 (SD, 3.4 cm @entity2 ). A second lower inflection point was observed on 5 plots (mean, 21 cm @entity2 ; SD, 1.4 cm @entity2 ). Nine @entity0 had high inflection points (mean, 13.1 cm @entity2 ; SD, 3.0 cm @entity2 ), and 33 had low inflection points (mean, 3.9 cm @entity2 ; SD, 0.98 cm @entity2 ). No outcome measures differed between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with short intubation times and predictable postoperative course, general use of a lung recruitment strategy involving sustained inflations and adjustment of positive end-expiratory pressure based on the lower inflection point is difficult to justify.

title: Comparison of the lower inflection point on the static total respiratory compliance curve with outcomes in postoperative cardiothoracic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Detachable coil embolization currently plays an essential role for @entity0 with @entity4 , even though it may have an unfavorable outcome and there may be some technical problems of embolization. We describe Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) embolization for five ruptured lower-mid basilar trunk @entity1 , using a variety of techniques. The @entity0 ' ages ranged from 61 to 78 years; Hunt and Kosnik grade was distributed from 2 to 4, and three @entity0 were found to have fenestrations of the lower basilar arteries. All @entity0 underwent aneurysmal embolization at the subacute or chronic stage. The transfemoral route was used in three @entity0 --one of whom, with a wide-necked @entity1 , was treated by the balloon remodeling technique. The transbrachial approach was chosen for the fourth @entity0 , while vertebral artery origin exposure followed by a direct puncture was achieved in the fifth. All @entity0 were assessed with 80-100% aneurysmal obliteration. No @entity0 re-bled after the embolization. @entity3 , possibly due to @entity2 from the obliterated aneurysmal sac, occurred 11 days after the treatment. Of the five @entity0 , four achieved a good recovery, and one became severely disabled. @entity4 can be successfully treated with GDC embolization. In addition to the routine transfemoral route, the transbrachial route, direct vertebral artery puncture, and balloon remodeling technique are also useful for the embolization of this location of @entity1 .

title: Guglielmi detachable coil embolization for ruptured lower-midbasilar trunk XXXX --a report of five cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: A preliminary study comparing the efficacy and safety of the flutter device (Flutter) to standard, manual chest physiotherapy ( @entity2 ) in hospitalized @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 undergoing an acute pulmonary exacerbation. DESIGN: Open label, comparative trial with alternate assignment. SETTING: Community and childrens' hospital acute-care wards. @entity0 : Twenty-two @entity3 @entity0 (ages 8 to 44 years) undergoing a total of 33 hospitalizations for acute pulmonary exacerbation. INTERVENTIONS: Complete pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were done at baseline (admission), weekly, and upon discharge from the hospital. Clinical score (CS) was determined at the time of hospital admission and at discharge. @entity0 were assigned to receive supervised Flutter therapy or standard, manual @entity2 four times per day during the hospitalization. @entity0 were monitored for complications, including hemoptysis, @entity1 , and pneumothorax. RESULTS: The groups ( @entity2 and Flutter) did not differ at baseline in demographics or Shwachman score, nor was length of hospitalization different. Significant improvements were noted from admission to discharge in CS and PFT results within each group. Mean percent change in CS and PFT results between @entity2 and Flutter groups showed no significant difference from hospital admission to discharge. Subsequent power analysis using the observed difference in percent change from admission to discharge for FEV1 indicated that to attain 80% power at alpha = 0.05, a sample of 219 subjects in each group would be necessary. SUMMARY: Comparative trials of airway clearance techniques with sufficient sample size are lacking. Although the Flutter appears to be a useful device for independent, cost-effective, and safe administration of @entity2 in this pilot study, a much larger clinical trial would be necessary to make definitive conclusions.

title: Comparison of the flutter device to standard chest physiotherapy in hospitalized @entity0 with XXXX : a pilot study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: A preliminary study comparing the efficacy and safety of the flutter device (Flutter) to standard, manual chest physiotherapy ( @entity2 ) in hospitalized @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 undergoing an acute pulmonary exacerbation. DESIGN: Open label, comparative trial with alternate assignment. SETTING: Community and childrens' hospital acute-care wards. @entity0 : Twenty-two @entity3 @entity0 (ages 8 to 44 years) undergoing a total of 33 hospitalizations for acute pulmonary exacerbation. INTERVENTIONS: Complete pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were done at baseline (admission), weekly, and upon discharge from the hospital. Clinical score (CS) was determined at the time of hospital admission and at discharge. @entity0 were assigned to receive supervised Flutter therapy or standard, manual @entity2 four times per day during the hospitalization. @entity0 were monitored for complications, including hemoptysis, @entity1 , and pneumothorax. RESULTS: The groups ( @entity2 and Flutter) did not differ at baseline in demographics or Shwachman score, nor was length of hospitalization different. Significant improvements were noted from admission to discharge in CS and PFT results within each group. Mean percent change in CS and PFT results between @entity2 and Flutter groups showed no significant difference from hospital admission to discharge. Subsequent power analysis using the observed difference in percent change from admission to discharge for FEV1 indicated that to attain 80% power at alpha = 0.05, a sample of 219 subjects in each group would be necessary. SUMMARY: Comparative trials of airway clearance techniques with sufficient sample size are lacking. Although the Flutter appears to be a useful device for independent, cost-effective, and safe administration of @entity2 in this pilot study, a much larger clinical trial would be necessary to make definitive conclusions.

title: Comparison of the flutter device to standard chest physiotherapy in hospitalized XXXX with @entity3 : a pilot study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The primary goal of this study was to investigate hepatic @entity4 (FA) metabolism after severe @entity1 . METHODS: Sixteen @entity7 were divided into control (n = 8) and burn (n = 8, with 40% full thickness total body surface area burned) groups. Catheters were inserted in the right common carotid artery, portal vein, and hepatic vein for blood sampling. Flow probes were placed around the hepatic artery and portal vein for blood flow measurements. Animals were @entity2 medication and sedated until the tracer study on day 4 after burn. The @entity7 were infused for 4 hours with U-13C16-palmitate in order to quantify hepatic FA kinetics and oxidation. RESULTS: Liver @entity3 (TG) content was elevated from 162 +/- 16 (control) to 297 +/- 28 micromol TG/g dry liver wt. (p < .05). Hepatic FA uptake and oxidation were similar between the 2 groups, as were @entity6 ( @entity10 ) levels and activities of @entity9 carboxylase and @entity5 ( @entity5 )-activated protein kinase. In contrast, incorporation of plasma-free @entity8 into @entity0 was elevated (p < .05) and very low density lipoprotein TG (VLDL-TG) secretion was decreased from 0.17 +/- 0.02 (control) to 0.03 +/- 0.01 micromol/kg per minute in burned @entity7 (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of @entity0 in burned animals is due to inhibition of VLDL-TG secretion and to @entity0 . @entity8 are not channeled to TG because of impaired oxidation.

title: Alteration of hepatic XXXX metabolism after burn injury in @entity7 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The primary goal of this study was to investigate hepatic @entity4 (FA) metabolism after severe @entity1 . METHODS: Sixteen @entity7 were divided into control (n = 8) and burn (n = 8, with 40% full thickness total body surface area burned) groups. Catheters were inserted in the right common carotid artery, portal vein, and hepatic vein for blood sampling. Flow probes were placed around the hepatic artery and portal vein for blood flow measurements. Animals were @entity2 medication and sedated until the tracer study on day 4 after burn. The @entity7 were infused for 4 hours with U-13C16-palmitate in order to quantify hepatic FA kinetics and oxidation. RESULTS: Liver @entity3 (TG) content was elevated from 162 +/- 16 (control) to 297 +/- 28 micromol TG/g dry liver wt. (p < .05). Hepatic FA uptake and oxidation were similar between the 2 groups, as were @entity6 ( @entity10 ) levels and activities of @entity9 carboxylase and @entity5 ( @entity5 )-activated protein kinase. In contrast, incorporation of plasma-free @entity8 into @entity0 was elevated (p < .05) and very low density lipoprotein TG (VLDL-TG) secretion was decreased from 0.17 +/- 0.02 (control) to 0.03 +/- 0.01 micromol/kg per minute in burned @entity7 (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of @entity0 in burned animals is due to inhibition of VLDL-TG secretion and to @entity0 . @entity8 are not channeled to TG because of impaired oxidation.

title: Alteration of hepatic @entity4 metabolism after burn injury in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Nonseminomatous @entity1 (NSGCC) have a varied response to chemotherapy, some melting away with resultant cure, some have @entity1 stem cell @entity2 and residual benign disease whilst others are resistant to treatment. The latter two require surgical excision in order to identify those needing high intensity chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether it was possible to give an earlier prediction of need for surgery after chemotherapy on the basis of a limited CT scan performed after the first course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three @entity0 with metastatic NSGCC undergoing induction chemotherapy were studied. The site of the maximum disease was noted before treatment and only this area was rescanned at day 21. The change in disease bulk, measured as maximum transverse diameter (MTD), was compared with appearances on a CT scan immediately after chemotherapy and post-treatment response. RESULTS: Of those @entity0 showing a poor response on the day 21 scan (i.e. no change, or less than 50% reduction in MTD), 70% required early surgical excision of @entity3 , while none of the good responders (i.e. greater than 50% reduction in MTD), required immediate surgery (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that a limited day 21 CT scan may represent an independent predictor of good and poor response to chemotherapy, thus enabling reduction in chemotherapy and its @entity4 in good responders and early identification of those who may need surgical excision, thereby permitting easier scheduling of these often difficult surgical procedures.

title: Potential of limited day 21 post-chemotherapy CT scan in predicting need for post-chemotherapy surgery in nonseminomatous XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Infections due to @entity4 usually occur in pregnant @entity0 , in the elderly and in immunocompromised @entity0 . @entity1 due to this germ are rare. Only 16 cases have been previously described in the literature. EXEGESIS: We report the case of a @entity0 who had been hospitalized for recurrent fever over the past 3 months. @entity3 was diagnosed; blood and @entity2 cultures revealed Gram-positive bacilli consistent with the presence of @entity4 . We also review previous reports focusing on infections due to @entity4 . @entity5 due to this germ are mainly observed in elderly male @entity0 and occur on large arteries. In the present study, only one @entity0 was immunocompromised. Furthermore, all @entity0 who were not operated on died. CONCLUSION: @entity1 due to Listeria moncytogenes is best managed via surgical resection in combination with antimicrobial therapy. Immunosuppression is not necessary for the development of @entity1 due to Listeria. Bacteriological and histological examinations should be done systematically when surgical resection of an @entity2 is required.

title: [ XXXX due to @entity4 : a new case and review of the literature].

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Infections due to @entity4 usually occur in pregnant @entity0 , in the elderly and in immunocompromised @entity0 . @entity1 due to this germ are rare. Only 16 cases have been previously described in the literature. EXEGESIS: We report the case of a @entity0 who had been hospitalized for recurrent fever over the past 3 months. @entity3 was diagnosed; blood and @entity2 cultures revealed Gram-positive bacilli consistent with the presence of @entity4 . We also review previous reports focusing on infections due to @entity4 . @entity5 due to this germ are mainly observed in elderly male @entity0 and occur on large arteries. In the present study, only one @entity0 was immunocompromised. Furthermore, all @entity0 who were not operated on died. CONCLUSION: @entity1 due to Listeria moncytogenes is best managed via surgical resection in combination with antimicrobial therapy. Immunosuppression is not necessary for the development of @entity1 due to Listeria. Bacteriological and histological examinations should be done systematically when surgical resection of an @entity2 is required.

title: [ @entity2 due to XXXX : a new case and review of the literature].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical manifestations and mechanisms of @entity5 in @entity6 . METHODS: Literature review of selected clinical studies and animal models. RESULTS: Depressed myocardial contractile function is a common consequence of severe @entity3 . Bacterial factors, in conjunction with host inflammatory mediators, produce a profile of reversible @entity5 manifested by a decrease in ventricular ejection fraction, @entity10 , and @entity11 . Global @entity1 is not the major mechanism that mediates @entity5 during sepsis. Inflammatory mediators contribute to @entity4 by damaging the coronary microcirculation and contributing to @entity4 and @entity0 . However, trials of anti-inflammatory agents have not prevented or increased the rate of reversal of @entity6 or improved survival. The link between @entity8 and clinical @entity4 remains unclear, as nonselective @entity8 synthase inhibition does not block the development of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Serious @entity9 result in inflammatory injury to the heart manifested by a common profile of @entity5 . Therapy remains limited to treatment of the infection with antibiotics and supportive care, with fluid resuscitation and selective use of inotropes and vasopressors. Experimental models suggest that new anti-inflammatory strategies (e.g. @entity7 kinase inhibitors) may offer some advantages over those that target a single mediator; these agents remain to be clinically evaluated.

title: XXXX in sepsis: clinical and experimental investigations.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: We studied the frequency of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in a select group of otherwise healthy infertile @entity0 with abnormal semen. METHODS: We reviewed scrotal sonography records of 180 consecutive @entity0 with abnormal semen who were referred for evaluation of @entity2 . The pampiniform plexus was evaluated for possible varicocele, and the testes were examined for the presence or absence of intratesticular calcifications and/or masses. Five @entity0 with more than 5 echogenic foci per transducer field in either @entity1 were identified. The medical records and sonograms of this subgroup of @entity0 were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 180 @entity0 , 5 (2.8%) had @entity5 . Three @entity0 with @entity5 had concomitant small varicoceles; 2 others had a history of testicular maldescent. Two @entity0 eventually became fertile. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate a higher than expected frequency of @entity5 in otherwise healthy infertile @entity0 . We speculate that the magnitude of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity5 is variable and may relate to both the degree of @entity4 and the presence or absence of concomitant scrotal pathology (eg, scrotal varicocele and cryptorchidism).

title: XXXX : association with @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: We studied the frequency of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in a select group of otherwise healthy infertile @entity0 with abnormal semen. METHODS: We reviewed scrotal sonography records of 180 consecutive @entity0 with abnormal semen who were referred for evaluation of @entity2 . The pampiniform plexus was evaluated for possible varicocele, and the testes were examined for the presence or absence of intratesticular calcifications and/or masses. Five @entity0 with more than 5 echogenic foci per transducer field in either @entity1 were identified. The medical records and sonograms of this subgroup of @entity0 were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 180 @entity0 , 5 (2.8%) had @entity5 . Three @entity0 with @entity5 had concomitant small varicoceles; 2 others had a history of testicular maldescent. Two @entity0 eventually became fertile. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate a higher than expected frequency of @entity5 in otherwise healthy infertile @entity0 . We speculate that the magnitude of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity5 is variable and may relate to both the degree of @entity4 and the presence or absence of concomitant scrotal pathology (eg, scrotal varicocele and cryptorchidism).

title: @entity5 : association with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Antigenic variation allows pathogenic microorganisms to evade the immune system of the infected host. The variable structure must play an important role in pathogenesis, but its function is in most cases unknown. Here, we identify a function for the surface-exposed hypervariable region of streptococcal M5 protein, a virulence factor that inhibits phagocytosis. The hypervariable region of M5 was found to bind the @entity0 complement inhibitor @entity2 ), a 42-kDa plasma protein. Plasma absorption experiments with M5-expressing bacteria showed that the interaction with @entity2 occurs also under physiologic conditions. Studies of another extensively characterized M protein, M6, indicated that this protein also has a binding site for @entity2 in the hypervariable region. The complement-inhibitory function of @entity2 was retained after binding to streptococci, suggesting that bound @entity2 protects bacteria against @entity1 . All available data now indicate that @entity2 , or another @entity0 complement inhibitor, binds to the hypervariable region of M proteins. These findings provide insights into the forces that drive antigenic variation and may explain why the hypervariable region of M protein is essential for phagocytosis resistance. Moreover, these data add to a growing body of evidence that @entity0 complement inhibitors are major targets for pathogenic microorganisms.

title: Role of the hypervariable region in streptococcal M proteins: binding of a XXXX complement inhibitor.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The objective of the present study was to assess the integrity of maternal and/or paternal chromatin in injected oocytes that remained unfertilized after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The study was performed on 102 oocytes that failed to show pronuclear formation 18-20 h after ICSI. We used chromatin labelling with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to identify maternal and paternal chromatin, coupled with @entity1 -mediated end-labelling to assess DNA fragmentation in each gamete. It was shown that 50% of oocytes without pronuclear formation following ICSI contained chromatin with damaged DNA, and that the source of the DNA fragmentation was equally divided between the spermatozoon (25.8%) and the oocyte (24.4%). A significantly greater proportion of condensed @entity3 in @entity0 oocytes had damaged DNA, compared to decondensed @entity3 (24.7 compared to 5.9%, P=0.002). There was a significant increase in the incidence of DNA fragmentation in oocytes from @entity0 older than 35 years (65+/-1.2%) compared to those from younger @entity0 (36+/-1.0%) (P < 0.05). Further, 17% of unfertilized oocytes contained no paternal chromatin. Thus, DNA fragmentation in both @entity3 and oocytes is associated with failure of fertilization in ICSI. In some cases of severe @entity2 , a significant proportion of @entity3 injected into oocytes may contain fragmented DNA. Injection of oocytes with @entity3 containing abnormal chromatin will probably result in failure of sperm decondensation and fertilization. In older @entity0 , a significant proportion of oocytes injected may contain fragmented DNA. These observations may explain the consistent inability of most clinics to achieve fertilization rates higher than 65% with ICSI.

title: Gamete-specific DNA fragmentation in unfertilized XXXX oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the cost effectiveness of a national programme to screen blood donors for @entity1 with the @entity0 @entity3 . DESIGN: Three models for calculating the costs and benefits of screening were developed. The first model analysed the cost of continuously testing all donations; the second analysed the cost of initially testing new blood donors and then retesting them after five years; the third analysed the cost of testing donors only at the time of their first donation. @entity0 who had received blood components from donors confirmed to be infected with the virus were offered testing. SETTING: Sweden. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity2 among blood donors, the risk of transmission of the virus, screening costs, and the outcome of @entity1 . RESULTS: 648 497 donations were tested for the virus; 1625 samples tested positive by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. 6 were confirmed positive by western blotting. The prevalence of @entity2 was 2/100 000 donors. 35 @entity0 who had received blood infected with the virus were tested; 3 were positive. The cost of testing every donation was calculated to be  3.02m (1.88m pounds); this is 18 times higher than the cost of testing new donors only, and only 1 additional positive donor would be discovered in 7 years. Regardless of the model used, screening was estimated to prevent only 1 death every 200 years at a minimum cost of  36m (22.5m pounds). CONCLUSION: Based on these estimates the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare decided that only new blood donors would be screened for @entity2 .

title: Screening for @entity0 XXXX among blood donors in Sweden: cost effectiveness analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the cost effectiveness of a national programme to screen blood donors for @entity1 with the @entity0 @entity3 . DESIGN: Three models for calculating the costs and benefits of screening were developed. The first model analysed the cost of continuously testing all donations; the second analysed the cost of initially testing new blood donors and then retesting them after five years; the third analysed the cost of testing donors only at the time of their first donation. @entity0 who had received blood components from donors confirmed to be infected with the virus were offered testing. SETTING: Sweden. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity2 among blood donors, the risk of transmission of the virus, screening costs, and the outcome of @entity1 . RESULTS: 648 497 donations were tested for the virus; 1625 samples tested positive by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. 6 were confirmed positive by western blotting. The prevalence of @entity2 was 2/100 000 donors. 35 @entity0 who had received blood infected with the virus were tested; 3 were positive. The cost of testing every donation was calculated to be  3.02m (1.88m pounds); this is 18 times higher than the cost of testing new donors only, and only 1 additional positive donor would be discovered in 7 years. Regardless of the model used, screening was estimated to prevent only 1 death every 200 years at a minimum cost of  36m (22.5m pounds). CONCLUSION: Based on these estimates the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare decided that only new blood donors would be screened for @entity2 .

title: Screening for XXXX @entity3 among blood donors in Sweden: cost effectiveness analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 may arise at any site within the urinary tract and are a source of considerable morbidity and mortality. In particular, @entity0 with @entity1 have a poor prognosis, with less than 5% alive at 5 years. A multicentre randomized trial comparing @entity4 and @entity7 (MV) with @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity7 ( @entity6 ) in advanced or metastatic @entity5 was conducted in the UK. From April 1991 to June 1995, 214 @entity0 were entered by 16 centres, 108 randomized to @entity6 and 106 to MV. A total of 204 @entity0 have died. The hazard ratio (relative risk of dying) was 0.68 (95% CI 0.51-0.90, P-value = 0.0065) in favour of @entity6 . This translates to an absolute improvement in 1-year survival of 13%, 16% in MV and 29% in @entity6 . The median survival for @entity6 and MV was 7 months and 4.5 months respectively. Two hundred and eight @entity0 objectively progressed or died. The hazard ratio was 0.55 (95% CI 0.41-0.73, P-value = 0.0001) in favour of @entity6 . Two hundred and nine @entity0 symptomatically progressed or died. The hazard ratio was 0.48 (95% CI 0.36-0.64, P-value = 0.0001) in favour of @entity6 . The most important pretreatment factors influencing overall survival were WHO performance status and extent of disease. These two factors were used to derive a prognostic index which could be used to categorize @entity0 into three prognostic groups. We conclude that the addition of @entity3 to @entity4 and @entity7 should be considered in @entity0 with @entity5 , taking into account the increased @entity2 .

title: A randomized trial comparing @entity4 and @entity7 (MV) with XXXX , @entity4 and @entity7 ( @entity6 ) in advanced @entity5 : results and a report on prognostic factors in a Medical Research Council study. MRC Advanced Bladder Cancer Working Party.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 may arise at any site within the urinary tract and are a source of considerable morbidity and mortality. In particular, @entity0 with @entity1 have a poor prognosis, with less than 5% alive at 5 years. A multicentre randomized trial comparing @entity4 and @entity7 (MV) with @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity7 ( @entity6 ) in advanced or metastatic @entity5 was conducted in the UK. From April 1991 to June 1995, 214 @entity0 were entered by 16 centres, 108 randomized to @entity6 and 106 to MV. A total of 204 @entity0 have died. The hazard ratio (relative risk of dying) was 0.68 (95% CI 0.51-0.90, P-value = 0.0065) in favour of @entity6 . This translates to an absolute improvement in 1-year survival of 13%, 16% in MV and 29% in @entity6 . The median survival for @entity6 and MV was 7 months and 4.5 months respectively. Two hundred and eight @entity0 objectively progressed or died. The hazard ratio was 0.55 (95% CI 0.41-0.73, P-value = 0.0001) in favour of @entity6 . Two hundred and nine @entity0 symptomatically progressed or died. The hazard ratio was 0.48 (95% CI 0.36-0.64, P-value = 0.0001) in favour of @entity6 . The most important pretreatment factors influencing overall survival were WHO performance status and extent of disease. These two factors were used to derive a prognostic index which could be used to categorize @entity0 into three prognostic groups. We conclude that the addition of @entity3 to @entity4 and @entity7 should be considered in @entity0 with @entity5 , taking into account the increased @entity2 .

title: A randomized trial comparing @entity4 and @entity7 (MV) with @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity7 ( XXXX ) in advanced @entity5 : results and a report on prognostic factors in a Medical Research Council study. MRC Advanced Bladder Cancer Working Party.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity5 may arise at any site within the urinary tract and are a source of considerable morbidity and mortality. In particular, @entity0 with @entity1 have a poor prognosis, with less than 5% alive at 5 years. A multicentre randomized trial comparing @entity4 and @entity7 (MV) with @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity7 ( @entity6 ) in advanced or metastatic @entity5 was conducted in the UK. From April 1991 to June 1995, 214 @entity0 were entered by 16 centres, 108 randomized to @entity6 and 106 to MV. A total of 204 @entity0 have died. The hazard ratio (relative risk of dying) was 0.68 (95% CI 0.51-0.90, P-value = 0.0065) in favour of @entity6 . This translates to an absolute improvement in 1-year survival of 13%, 16% in MV and 29% in @entity6 . The median survival for @entity6 and MV was 7 months and 4.5 months respectively. Two hundred and eight @entity0 objectively progressed or died. The hazard ratio was 0.55 (95% CI 0.41-0.73, P-value = 0.0001) in favour of @entity6 . Two hundred and nine @entity0 symptomatically progressed or died. The hazard ratio was 0.48 (95% CI 0.36-0.64, P-value = 0.0001) in favour of @entity6 . The most important pretreatment factors influencing overall survival were WHO performance status and extent of disease. These two factors were used to derive a prognostic index which could be used to categorize @entity0 into three prognostic groups. We conclude that the addition of @entity3 to @entity4 and @entity7 should be considered in @entity0 with @entity5 , taking into account the increased @entity2 .

title: A randomized trial comparing XXXX and @entity7 (MV) with @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity7 ( @entity6 ) in advanced @entity5 : results and a report on prognostic factors in a Medical Research Council study. MRC Advanced Bladder Cancer Working Party.

answer: @entity4