abstract: AIM: to determine tomography findings in optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RFNL) that may be valuable for differential diagnosis between normal-tension @entity1 (NTG) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Group 1 consisted of 17 @entity0 (32 eyes) with NTG, group 2--17 @entity0 (24 eyes) with @entity3 outcome. The control group included 22 @entity0 (22 eyes) with no sighs of @entity3 . Optic nerve head and retina assessment included scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (HRT 111) and optical coherence tomography (Stratus @entity4 3000). Statistical analyses were performed using Statistica 10 software suite. RESULTS: Statistically significant changes in HRT parameters, namely, the mean RNFL thickness, retinal height variation along the contour line, and @entity2 discriminant function, were observed in both study groups as compared to the controls. NTG @entity0 also showed lower rim indices, larger cups, smaller values of the FSM discriminant function, and lower @entity1 ( @entity1 ) than both @entity3 @entity0 and the controls. @entity4 findings included a statistically significant decrease in RNFL thickness in both study groups as compared to the controls. As for the difference between the groups, it was unreliable. Quadrant comparisons of RNFL thicknesses revealed that lower quadrant RNFL thinning was more significant in NTG @entity0 , while temporal quadrant RNFL thinning--in @entity3 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Both conditions are associated with a similar degree of RNFL thinning, as confirmed by @entity4 , however, HRT changes are much more pronounced in NTG than in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: [Tomography findings in optic nerve head and retina in differential diagnosis between normal-tension XXXX and @entity3 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: An analysis of the ultrasound appearances of the prostate with its capsule and periprostatic structures was performed in 221 @entity0 with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity2 . The @entity1 were histologically graded into well, moderate and poorly differentiated @entity1 . The results of this study indicate that an ill-defined hypoechoic area is the commonest appearance of @entity2 ; this was seen in 96% of our 221 @entity0 . The @entity1 were staged by ultrasound into confined (T0, T1, T2) and unconfined (T3) @entity1 . A breach of the capsule was seen in 55% of cases. In this unconfined group all @entity1 were hypoechoic in comparison with 92% in the confined group. In the confined @entity1 group the areas of abnormal echogenicity were present in more than one prostatic quadrant in 76%. Mostly commonly two prostatic quadrants were affected. The abnormal echogenicity was noted in the posterior quadrants of the prostate more commonly (58%) than in the anterior quadrants. The prostate gland appeared round in 67%, semicircular in 25% and crescentic in 8%. The gland was symmetrical in 68%. The prostatic capsule appeared regular in 86% of @entity0 with a confined @entity1 . In 70% of cases of extensive but confined @entity1 there was loss of demarcation between the central and peripheral zones of the gland. The unconfined @entity1 group all had a breach of the capsule and all glands were heterogeneous due to hypoechoic areas. The breach affected more than one quadrant in 81% and most commonly the capsular breach involved two prostatic quadrants. An anterior breach of the capsule was noted much more frequently than a posterior breach. Forty-four per cent of cases had three or four quadrants of the gland involved. In 3% of cases of proven @entity2 no definite ultrasound abnormality could be detected. Calcification was seen within the gland in association with the @entity1 in 63% with approximately equal frequency in confined and unconfined disease. The seminal vesicles showed definite evidence of infiltration in 10%. Both seminal vesicles were seen in 61% and thought to be normal. In 8% only one was seen. Failure to demonstrate either seminal vesicle occurred in 21%. There was no correlation between the ultrasound appearances of @entity2 and the histological grading of the @entity1 .

title: The ultrasound appearances of XXXX with histological correlation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intra-abdominal polymicrobial infections cause significant morbidity and mortality. An experimental @entity0 model of @entity8 - @entity4 @entity5 results in 100% mortality by 48-72 h post-inoculation while monomicrobial infections are avirulent. Mortality is associated with robust local and systemic @entity1 , without a requirement for @entity8 morphogenesis. However, the contribution of virulence factors co-regulated during the @entity3 to hyphal transition is unknown. This also raised the question as to whether other Candida species that are unable to form hyphae are as virulent as @entity8 during polymicrobial IAI. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of non-albicans Candida (NAC) species with various morphologies and @entity8 transcription factor mutants (efg1/efg1, cph1/cph1) to induce synergistic mortality and accompanied @entity1 . Results showed that @entity4 co-inoculated with C. krusei, or @entity11 were highly lethal similar to @entity8 , while @entity4 - @entity12 , - @entity10 and - @entity9 co-inoculations resulted in little to no mortality. Local and systemic IL-6 and @entity6 were significantly elevated during symptomatic and/or lethal @entity2 , and @entity7 strongly correlated with mortality. Co-inoculation with @entity8 strains deficient in the transcription factor Efg1, but not Cph1, reversed the lethal outcome. These results support previous findings and demonstrate that select Candida species, without reference to any morphological requirement, induce synergistic mortality, with IL-6 and @entity6 acting as key inflammatory factors. Mechanistically, signaling pathways controlled by Efg1 are critical for the ability of @entity8 to induce mortality from an intra-abdominal polymicrobial infection.

title: Morphology-independent virulence of Candida species during polymicrobial XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intra-abdominal polymicrobial infections cause significant morbidity and mortality. An experimental @entity0 model of @entity8 - @entity4 @entity5 results in 100% mortality by 48-72 h post-inoculation while monomicrobial infections are avirulent. Mortality is associated with robust local and systemic @entity1 , without a requirement for @entity8 morphogenesis. However, the contribution of virulence factors co-regulated during the @entity3 to hyphal transition is unknown. This also raised the question as to whether other Candida species that are unable to form hyphae are as virulent as @entity8 during polymicrobial IAI. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of non-albicans Candida (NAC) species with various morphologies and @entity8 transcription factor mutants (efg1/efg1, cph1/cph1) to induce synergistic mortality and accompanied @entity1 . Results showed that @entity4 co-inoculated with C. krusei, or @entity11 were highly lethal similar to @entity8 , while @entity4 - @entity12 , - @entity10 and - @entity9 co-inoculations resulted in little to no mortality. Local and systemic IL-6 and @entity6 were significantly elevated during symptomatic and/or lethal @entity2 , and @entity7 strongly correlated with mortality. Co-inoculation with @entity8 strains deficient in the transcription factor Efg1, but not Cph1, reversed the lethal outcome. These results support previous findings and demonstrate that select Candida species, without reference to any morphological requirement, induce synergistic mortality, with IL-6 and @entity6 acting as key inflammatory factors. Mechanistically, signaling pathways controlled by Efg1 are critical for the ability of @entity8 to induce mortality from an intra-abdominal polymicrobial infection.

title: Morphology-independent virulence of Candida species during polymicrobial @entity5 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Paraffin sections of @entity0 skeletal tissues were studied in order to identify cells responsible for production of types I, II, and III collagens by in situ hybridization. Northern hybridization and sequence information were used to select restriction fragments of cDNA clones for the corresponding mRNAs to obtain probes with a minimum of cross-hybridization. The specificity of the probes was proven in hybridizations to sections of developing fingers: osteoblasts and chondrocytes, known to produce only one type of fibrillar collagen each (I and II, respectively) were only recognized by the corresponding cDNA probes. Smooth connective tissues exhibited variable hybridization intensities with types I and III collagen cDNA probes. The technique was used to localize the activity of type II collagen production in the different zones of cartilage during the growth of long bones. @entity1 and grain counting revealed the highest levels of @entity2 mRNAs in chondrocytes of the lower proliferative and upper @entity3 zones of the growth plate cartilage. This finding was confirmed by Northern blotting of RNAs isolated from epiphyseal (resting) cartilage and from growth zone cartilage. Analysis of the osseochondral junction revealed virtually no overlap between hybridization patterns obtained with probes specific for type I and type II collagen mRNAs. Only a fraction of the chondrocytes in the degenerative zone were recognized by the @entity2 cDNA probe, and none by the type I collagen cDNA probe. In the mineralizing zone virtually all cells were recognized by the type I collagen cDNA probe, but only very few scattered cells appeared to contain type II collagen mRNA. These data indicate that in situ hybridization is a valuable tool for identification of connective tissue cells which are actively producing different types of collagens at the various stages of development, differentiation, and growth.

title: Localization of types I, II, and III collagen mRNAs in developing XXXX skeletal tissues by in situ hybridization.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Volume changes and survival of @entity0 zygotes and pre-implantation embryos were studied after their exposure to hyperosmotic media. Transfer of zygotes from culture medium to medium containing 1.5 M @entity3 led to a rapid volume reduction to 60% of control values. After 10 min the volume was normal again, illustrating the rapid penetration of @entity3 at room temperature. Re-transfer of zygotes equilibrated in 1.5 M @entity3 to culture medium in one step doubled the volume. Twelve minutes later normal diameters were observed again. Volume changes were also recorded after transfer to media rendered @entity4 by the addition of @entity2 or @entity1 . A proportional decrease in volume was noticed up to 1500 mOsmol. A further increase in measured osmolarity up to 3100 mOsmol led only to limited further shrinkage of the zygotes (minimal volume observed was 27% of control volume). Addition of 1.5 M @entity3 or 1.5 M @entity5 had no influence on the final volume reaction to @entity2 and @entity1 . Exposure to media with a measured osmotic value of 3200 mOsmol ( @entity2 added) during 10 min did not prevent further development of the embryos to the hatched blastocyst stage. A solution of 4000 mOsmol proved lethal to nearly all embryos. Addition of 1.5 M @entity3 to this medium did not have a protective effect against the osmotic stress at room temperature.

title: Volumetric behaviour and survival of XXXX zygotes and embryos in hyperosmotic media.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The distribution and the time of origin of corticospinal neurons were examined in @entity0 prenatally exposed to @entity5 and in control @entity0 . The distribution of corticospinal neurons was determined by tracing the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from an injection site in the cervical spinal cord. In control @entity0 , HRP-positive neurons were distributed in layer Vb throughout motor area 4, rostral motor area 6/8, dorsal somatosensory area 3, caudal somatosensory area 2, and various "association" regions including parietal areas 14, 39, and 40, occipital areas 18a and 18b, cingulate areas 24a and 24b, and prefrontal area 32. In @entity5 -exposed @entity0 , the distribution of retrogradely labeled neurons was similar to control animals with three notable exceptions: (1) HRP-positive neurons were evident throughout the rostrocaudal extent of area 6/8; (2) occasionally ectopic labeled neurons were identified in the supragranular layers, layers Va and Vc, and superficial layer VI; and (3) the density of HRP-labeled neurons and the ratio of labeled neurons to the total number of neurons in areas 4, 6/8, 3 and 2 were significantly greater (20-48%) in @entity5 -exposed @entity0 than in controls. There was, however, no intergroup difference in the area of the cell bodies of HRP-positive neurons. Taken together, these findings indicate that @entity5 exposure resulted in an increased number of corticospinal neurons. The time of origin of corticospinal neurons was determined by using a technique that combined tritiated @entity3 autoradiography and retrograde transport of HRP. In control animals, HRP-positive neurons were double labeled by an injection of tritiated @entity3 on @entity6 ( @entity6 ) 15, 16, or 17. In @entity5 -exposed @entity0 , corticospinal neurons were generated on @entity6 16, 17, and 18, the late-generated ones being distributed in caudal area 6/8. These intergroup differences represent a persisting @entity5 -induced alteration of cortical structure that may underlie @entity1 and @entity4 in fetal @entity2 -affected offspring. Moreover, the increase in the number and the delay in the time of origin of corticospinal neurons suggest that the normal process of paring down exuberant corticospinal projections may be affected by prenatal exposure to @entity5 .

title: Effect of prenatal exposure to XXXX on the distribution and time of origin of corticospinal neurons in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The distribution and the time of origin of corticospinal neurons were examined in @entity0 prenatally exposed to @entity5 and in control @entity0 . The distribution of corticospinal neurons was determined by tracing the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from an injection site in the cervical spinal cord. In control @entity0 , HRP-positive neurons were distributed in layer Vb throughout motor area 4, rostral motor area 6/8, dorsal somatosensory area 3, caudal somatosensory area 2, and various "association" regions including parietal areas 14, 39, and 40, occipital areas 18a and 18b, cingulate areas 24a and 24b, and prefrontal area 32. In @entity5 -exposed @entity0 , the distribution of retrogradely labeled neurons was similar to control animals with three notable exceptions: (1) HRP-positive neurons were evident throughout the rostrocaudal extent of area 6/8; (2) occasionally ectopic labeled neurons were identified in the supragranular layers, layers Va and Vc, and superficial layer VI; and (3) the density of HRP-labeled neurons and the ratio of labeled neurons to the total number of neurons in areas 4, 6/8, 3 and 2 were significantly greater (20-48%) in @entity5 -exposed @entity0 than in controls. There was, however, no intergroup difference in the area of the cell bodies of HRP-positive neurons. Taken together, these findings indicate that @entity5 exposure resulted in an increased number of corticospinal neurons. The time of origin of corticospinal neurons was determined by using a technique that combined tritiated @entity3 autoradiography and retrograde transport of HRP. In control animals, HRP-positive neurons were double labeled by an injection of tritiated @entity3 on @entity6 ( @entity6 ) 15, 16, or 17. In @entity5 -exposed @entity0 , corticospinal neurons were generated on @entity6 16, 17, and 18, the late-generated ones being distributed in caudal area 6/8. These intergroup differences represent a persisting @entity5 -induced alteration of cortical structure that may underlie @entity1 and @entity4 in fetal @entity2 -affected offspring. Moreover, the increase in the number and the delay in the time of origin of corticospinal neurons suggest that the normal process of paring down exuberant corticospinal projections may be affected by prenatal exposure to @entity5 .

title: Effect of prenatal exposure to @entity2 on the distribution and time of origin of corticospinal neurons in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The small intestine is one of the most @entity1 -sensitive organs used in transplantation. To better preserve the intestinal graft viability and decrease @entity1 -reperfusion injury, a device for extracorporeal perfusion was developed. We present the results for the first series of perfused @entity0 intestine with an intestinal perfusion unit (IPU). METHODS: Five @entity0 intestines were procured for the protocol. (1) An experimental segment was perfused by the IPU delivering cold preservation solution to the vascular and luminal side continually at 4     C for 8 h. (2) Control (jejunum and ileum) segments were preserved in static cold preservation. Tissue samples were obtained for histopathologic grading according to the Park/Chiu scoring system (0   =   normal, 8   =   transmural @entity2 ). RESULTS: Jejunal experimental segments scored 2.2 with the Park/Chiu system compared to the control segments, which averaged 3.2. Overall scoring for ileum experimental and control segments was equal with 1.6. CONCLUSION: This data presents proof of concept that extracorporeal intestinal perfusion is feasible. The evidence shows that the IPU can preserve the viability of @entity0 intestine, and histopathologic evaluation of perfused intestine is favorable. Our early results can eventually lead to expanding the possibilities of intestinal preservation.

title: Extracorporeal Hypothermic Perfusion Device for Intestinal Graft Preservation to XXXX During Transportation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: Remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices is a growing standard; yet, remote follow-up and management of alerts represents a time-consuming task for physicians or trained staff. This study evaluates an automatic mechanism based on artificial intelligence tools to filter @entity1 ( @entity1 ) alerts based on their medical significance. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated this method on alerts for @entity1 episodes that occurred in 60 pacemaker recipients. AKENATON prototype workflow includes two steps: natural language-processing algorithms abstract the @entity0 health record to a digital version, then a knowledge-based algorithm based on an applied formal ontology allows to calculate the CHA2DS2-VASc score and evaluate the anticoagulation status of the @entity0 . Each alert is then automatically classified by importance from low to critical, by mimicking medical reasoning. Final classification was compared with @entity0 expert analysis by two physicians. A total of 1783 alerts about @entity1 episode >5 min in 60 @entity0 were processed. A 1749 of 1783 alerts (98%) were adequately classified and there were no underestimation of alert importance in the remaining 34 misclassified alerts. CONCLUSION: This work demonstrates the ability of a pilot system to classify alerts and improves personalized remote monitoring of @entity0 . In particular, our method allows integration of @entity0 medical history with device alert notifications, which is useful both from medical and resource-management perspectives. The system was able to automatically classify the importance of 1783 @entity1 alerts in 60 @entity0 , which resulted in an 84% reduction in notification workload, while preserving @entity0 safety.

title: Personalized and automated remote monitoring of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In an open randomized clinical study, 50 of 100 gravidae with a low Bishop score (less than or equal to 5) at term were treated with @entity2 (0.5 mg @entity2 in 2.5 ml Triacetin gel. @entity3 , intracervically) 12 hours before the indicated i.v. @entity1 induction. In 50 @entity0 labor was induced intravenously without any pretreatment. In 46 of 50 pretreated @entity0 (92%) there was an increase in the Bishop score of at least three points, and of only two points in the remaining four. In the control group no significant increase in the Bishop score was measurable. Sixteen @entity0 delivered within the first 12 hours after @entity2 gel administration, before @entity1 induction. Three @entity0 in the untreated control group also delivered during this pre-observation period. In 14 (64%) of 22 @entity0 in whom cervical priming with @entity2 was performed and 26 (57%) of 47 @entity0 in whom it was not the first intravenous @entity1 induction was successful. The frequency of cesarean sections was 10% (n = 5) in the @entity2 gel group and 12% (n = 6) in the @entity1 group. The @entity1 dose needed to induce labor was significantly lower after cervical priming. No severe side effects were observed during and after @entity2 treatment, in either the mothers or the @entity0 .

title: [Cervix ripening using drugs before @entity1 labor induction. Clinical study of a new XXXX triacetin gel].

answer: @entity2


abstract: In an open randomized clinical study, 50 of 100 gravidae with a low Bishop score (less than or equal to 5) at term were treated with @entity2 (0.5 mg @entity2 in 2.5 ml Triacetin gel. @entity3 , intracervically) 12 hours before the indicated i.v. @entity1 induction. In 50 @entity0 labor was induced intravenously without any pretreatment. In 46 of 50 pretreated @entity0 (92%) there was an increase in the Bishop score of at least three points, and of only two points in the remaining four. In the control group no significant increase in the Bishop score was measurable. Sixteen @entity0 delivered within the first 12 hours after @entity2 gel administration, before @entity1 induction. Three @entity0 in the untreated control group also delivered during this pre-observation period. In 14 (64%) of 22 @entity0 in whom cervical priming with @entity2 was performed and 26 (57%) of 47 @entity0 in whom it was not the first intravenous @entity1 induction was successful. The frequency of cesarean sections was 10% (n = 5) in the @entity2 gel group and 12% (n = 6) in the @entity1 group. The @entity1 dose needed to induce labor was significantly lower after cervical priming. No severe side effects were observed during and after @entity2 treatment, in either the mothers or the @entity0 .

title: [Cervix ripening using drugs before XXXX labor induction. Clinical study of a new @entity2 triacetin gel].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The regulation of nursing was studied in captive @entity1 from birth to 6 months of age. It was asked whether regulation was predictable or timing was irregular. A search for unimodal frequency distributions resulted in a distinction among nursing bouts, nursing episodes (bouts with brief interruptions) and nursing pauses. The frequency distributions of these types were either normal with very large standard deviations or exponential (i.e., randomly terminated). This implies a very irregular timing. Longer nursing episodes were followed by somewhat longer pauses; pauses with daytime sleep (that were relatively long) were followed by longer nursing. However, these regulatory effects were only slight. Most of this loose regulation of nursing was due to the @entity0 , as the mothers did not put the @entity0 on the breast and usually were permissive. Comparisons with @entity0 suggest a similarly loose organization as well as frequent feeding in societies that provide relatively unlimited access to the breast. The regular 4-hr, meal-like schedule in industrial countries seems mainly to be due to @entity0 mothers and their advisors.

title: Regulation of nursing in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Screening for @entity2 ( @entity1 and @entity4 ) by searching for blood in stools using the gaiac test is a well-known method. We evaluated a new gaiac test, the originality of which from its coupling with an enzyme immuno-assay specifically measuring @entity0 hemoglobin (Fecatest). The objectives of this new test were to decrease false positives and thus to improve the positive predictive value of screening. Subjects over 45 years of age attending health examinations at a Center of Preventive Medicine were studied. Of the 5,185 subjects who received the test, 4,376 (84 p. 100) performed it correctly, demonstrating good compliance in this population. For 664 (15 p. 100), the results of the gaiac test were positive. This positivity rate was higher for @entity0 than for @entity0 (20 p. 100 vs. 10 p. 100) but was not influenced by age. After positive results, 471 (70 p. 100) @entity0 completed investigations decreasing the overall compliance to 80 p. 100. Fifteen cases of @entity1 and 78 cases of @entity3 were found. The positive predictive value of the test was 20 p. 100 for @entity1 . A benign cause was found in 44 p. 100 of 471 @entity0 , and investigations were negative in 36 p. 100. When the gaiac test was positive, the immunoenzymatic method significantly improved the positive predictive value for @entity1 (6 p. 100 vs. 3 p. 100) but not for @entity4 (20 p. 100 vs. 17 p. 100). Three of the 15 @entity1 and half of the 78 @entity3 would not have been discovered with the immunoenzymatic method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Evaluation of an immunological test for detecting occult fecal blood for case-finding in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: After healing of a @entity2 , 53 @entity0 were randomly allocated to either 12 months maintenance treatment with @entity3 150 mg at night or an identical placebo. Fifty @entity0 completed the trial. The @entity0 were interviewed every third month. If symptoms indicated a relapse, endoscopy was done; and if an @entity1 was found the maintenance trial was terminated. All remaining @entity0 were endoscoped after one year. The accumulated relapse rate in the @entity3 group (36%) was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than in the placebo group (76%), as also was the antacid consumption (p less than 0.01). Four of the six @entity1 found at the final one year endoscopy were asymptomatic. In all but two of the 26 @entity0 with relapse of symptoms an @entity1 was found at endoscopy. The @entity0 that suffered a recurrence had significantly (p less than 0.05) higher maximal acid output than those without @entity1 recurrence. The time needed for healing of the relapse @entity1 (four or eight weeks) corresponded to that needed for healing of the preinclusion @entity1 . It is concluded that @entity3 150 mg at night significantly reduces the @entity2 recurrence rate, and that relapsing @entity1 are similar to the initial ones in healing response.

title: XXXX 150 mg at night in the prevention of @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: After healing of a @entity2 , 53 @entity0 were randomly allocated to either 12 months maintenance treatment with @entity3 150 mg at night or an identical placebo. Fifty @entity0 completed the trial. The @entity0 were interviewed every third month. If symptoms indicated a relapse, endoscopy was done; and if an @entity1 was found the maintenance trial was terminated. All remaining @entity0 were endoscoped after one year. The accumulated relapse rate in the @entity3 group (36%) was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than in the placebo group (76%), as also was the antacid consumption (p less than 0.01). Four of the six @entity1 found at the final one year endoscopy were asymptomatic. In all but two of the 26 @entity0 with relapse of symptoms an @entity1 was found at endoscopy. The @entity0 that suffered a recurrence had significantly (p less than 0.05) higher maximal acid output than those without @entity1 recurrence. The time needed for healing of the relapse @entity1 (four or eight weeks) corresponded to that needed for healing of the preinclusion @entity1 . It is concluded that @entity3 150 mg at night significantly reduces the @entity2 recurrence rate, and that relapsing @entity1 are similar to the initial ones in healing response.

title: @entity3 150 mg at night in the prevention of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 (diEGdiME) is structurally related to several compounds which produce reproductive and developmental @entity1 , including teratogenicity in laboratory animals. In the present study, diEGdiME (0, 62.5, 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage in distilled water to timed-pregnant @entity5 @entity0 during major organogenesis [gestational days (gd) 6-15]. Clinical status of treated females was monitored daily during treatment and on gd 17. At sacrifice (gd 17), pregnancy was confirmed by uterine examination for 20-24 dams per group; each live fetus was examined for external, @entity3 . No maternal deaths, morbidity, or treatment-related clinical signs were observed. Reduced maternal @entity4 during treatment at greater than or equal to 250 mg/kg/day was primarily attributed to compromised pregnancy status resulting in reduced gravid uterine weight. Maternal @entity4 during gestation corrected for gravid uterine weight, and relative liver weight (% body weight) were not affected. Average fetal body weight/litter was significantly reduced at greater than or equal to 125 mg/kg/day. The percentage of postimplantation loss/litter (5, 8, 7, 12, and 50% for control through high dose) and the percentage of malformed live fetuses/litter (0.4, 0, 2, 24, and 96%) were significantly increased at greater than or equal to 250 mg/kg/day. @entity2 involved primarily the neural tube, limbs and digits, craniofacial structures, abdominal wall, cardiovascular system, urogenital organs, and both the axial and appendicular skeleton. In summary, oral administration of diEGdiME during major organogenesis did not produce any distinctive signs of @entity1 , but did produce selective and profound adverse effects upon fetal growth, viability, and morphological development at greater than or equal to 125 mg/kg/day.

title: The developmental XXXX of @entity6 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 (diEGdiME) is structurally related to several compounds which produce reproductive and developmental @entity1 , including teratogenicity in laboratory animals. In the present study, diEGdiME (0, 62.5, 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage in distilled water to timed-pregnant @entity5 @entity0 during major organogenesis [gestational days (gd) 6-15]. Clinical status of treated females was monitored daily during treatment and on gd 17. At sacrifice (gd 17), pregnancy was confirmed by uterine examination for 20-24 dams per group; each live fetus was examined for external, @entity3 . No maternal deaths, morbidity, or treatment-related clinical signs were observed. Reduced maternal @entity4 during treatment at greater than or equal to 250 mg/kg/day was primarily attributed to compromised pregnancy status resulting in reduced gravid uterine weight. Maternal @entity4 during gestation corrected for gravid uterine weight, and relative liver weight (% body weight) were not affected. Average fetal body weight/litter was significantly reduced at greater than or equal to 125 mg/kg/day. The percentage of postimplantation loss/litter (5, 8, 7, 12, and 50% for control through high dose) and the percentage of malformed live fetuses/litter (0.4, 0, 2, 24, and 96%) were significantly increased at greater than or equal to 250 mg/kg/day. @entity2 involved primarily the neural tube, limbs and digits, craniofacial structures, abdominal wall, cardiovascular system, urogenital organs, and both the axial and appendicular skeleton. In summary, oral administration of diEGdiME during major organogenesis did not produce any distinctive signs of @entity1 , but did produce selective and profound adverse effects upon fetal growth, viability, and morphological development at greater than or equal to 125 mg/kg/day.

title: The developmental @entity1 of XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 (diEGdiME) is structurally related to several compounds which produce reproductive and developmental @entity1 , including teratogenicity in laboratory animals. In the present study, diEGdiME (0, 62.5, 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage in distilled water to timed-pregnant @entity5 @entity0 during major organogenesis [gestational days (gd) 6-15]. Clinical status of treated females was monitored daily during treatment and on gd 17. At sacrifice (gd 17), pregnancy was confirmed by uterine examination for 20-24 dams per group; each live fetus was examined for external, @entity3 . No maternal deaths, morbidity, or treatment-related clinical signs were observed. Reduced maternal @entity4 during treatment at greater than or equal to 250 mg/kg/day was primarily attributed to compromised pregnancy status resulting in reduced gravid uterine weight. Maternal @entity4 during gestation corrected for gravid uterine weight, and relative liver weight (% body weight) were not affected. Average fetal body weight/litter was significantly reduced at greater than or equal to 125 mg/kg/day. The percentage of postimplantation loss/litter (5, 8, 7, 12, and 50% for control through high dose) and the percentage of malformed live fetuses/litter (0.4, 0, 2, 24, and 96%) were significantly increased at greater than or equal to 250 mg/kg/day. @entity2 involved primarily the neural tube, limbs and digits, craniofacial structures, abdominal wall, cardiovascular system, urogenital organs, and both the axial and appendicular skeleton. In summary, oral administration of diEGdiME during major organogenesis did not produce any distinctive signs of @entity1 , but did produce selective and profound adverse effects upon fetal growth, viability, and morphological development at greater than or equal to 125 mg/kg/day.

title: The developmental @entity1 of @entity6 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effect of constant photoperiod regimes on the timing of maturation and the associated changes in serum @entity0 -17 beta (E2), @entity2 (T), and total @entity3 ( @entity1 , as an index of @entity5 ) were investigated in virgin female @entity4 ( @entity4 ). From mid-January four groups of fish were maintained on constant long days (18L:6D) and one group on constant short days (6L:18D; group A). On May 8 the photoperiod of three of the groups on long days was abruptly reduced from 18L:6D to 6L:18D (group B), to 10L:14D (group C), or to 14L:10D (group D); Group E remained on 18L:6D throughout the experiment. The reduction in photoperiod per se appeared more important than the magnitude of the reduction in the advancement of the time of spawning with the first fish in groups B, C, and D spawning on September 3, 13, and 24, respectively; spawning of the remaining fish in each group was spread over 6-week periods. In contrast, spawning in group E began on October 24 and was spread over a period of 12 weeks. Spawning in group A was delayed until the following March. Although a long photoperiod earlier in the year was clearly necessary for the advancement of spawning, as evidenced by the delay in maturation under constant short days, no clear increases in E2, T, and @entity1 were detected until after the reduction in photoperiod. Thereafter, the sequence of changes in serum E2, T, and @entity1 levels was similar in all groups although the timings of these alterations were modified in relation to the time of spawning. Thus, peak levels of the three serum parameters were attained earliest in the year by fish in group B followed by those in groups C, D, E, and A, respectively. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that photoperiod entrains an endogenous rhythm of maturation rather than having a direct, driving influence on the control of reproduction.

title: Constant photoperiod regimes and the entrainment of the annual cycle of reproduction in the female XXXX ( @entity4 ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effect of constant photoperiod regimes on the timing of maturation and the associated changes in serum @entity0 -17 beta (E2), @entity2 (T), and total @entity3 ( @entity1 , as an index of @entity5 ) were investigated in virgin female @entity4 ( @entity4 ). From mid-January four groups of fish were maintained on constant long days (18L:6D) and one group on constant short days (6L:18D; group A). On May 8 the photoperiod of three of the groups on long days was abruptly reduced from 18L:6D to 6L:18D (group B), to 10L:14D (group C), or to 14L:10D (group D); Group E remained on 18L:6D throughout the experiment. The reduction in photoperiod per se appeared more important than the magnitude of the reduction in the advancement of the time of spawning with the first fish in groups B, C, and D spawning on September 3, 13, and 24, respectively; spawning of the remaining fish in each group was spread over 6-week periods. In contrast, spawning in group E began on October 24 and was spread over a period of 12 weeks. Spawning in group A was delayed until the following March. Although a long photoperiod earlier in the year was clearly necessary for the advancement of spawning, as evidenced by the delay in maturation under constant short days, no clear increases in E2, T, and @entity1 were detected until after the reduction in photoperiod. Thereafter, the sequence of changes in serum E2, T, and @entity1 levels was similar in all groups although the timings of these alterations were modified in relation to the time of spawning. Thus, peak levels of the three serum parameters were attained earliest in the year by fish in group B followed by those in groups C, D, E, and A, respectively. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that photoperiod entrains an endogenous rhythm of maturation rather than having a direct, driving influence on the control of reproduction.

title: Constant photoperiod regimes and the entrainment of the annual cycle of reproduction in the female @entity4 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: Male and female Sprague-Dawley (Spartan) @entity0 were exposed to dietary levels of 0, 60, 200 or 600 ppm purified @entity2 ( @entity3 ) or @entity6 (PCA) for 181 days, through mating and pregnancy. The daily intakes of @entity3 were 0, 4, 13 or 43 mg/kg body weight and of @entity5 were 0, 4, 12 or 41 mg/kg body weight. Animals exposed to @entity3 generally consumed more food than control animals during pregnancy. Dams at the high-dose level of both compounds showed evidence of @entity1 , weighing less on day 0 of gestation and gaining less throughout pregnancy than did the controls. Dams exposed to the high dose of @entity3 gained less weight during pregnancy (exclusive of the gravid uterus) than control dams. At the 43 mg/kg/day dose level @entity3 was embryolethal. Foetuses at the lower dose levels of @entity3 exhibited dose-related decreases in body weights. A reduction in crown-rump length and an @entity4 were seen at 13 mg/kg/day in @entity3 animals only. An intake of 41 mg PCA/kg/day was associated with a decrease in the number of corpora lutea and in embryolethality. PCA exposure also resulted in reductions in foetal body weight and crown-rump lengths of males at 4 and 41 mg/kg/day. Female foetuses were unaffected.

title: Teratogenic potential of purified XXXX and @entity6 in subchronically exposed @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Male and female Sprague-Dawley (Spartan) @entity0 were exposed to dietary levels of 0, 60, 200 or 600 ppm purified @entity2 ( @entity3 ) or @entity6 (PCA) for 181 days, through mating and pregnancy. The daily intakes of @entity3 were 0, 4, 13 or 43 mg/kg body weight and of @entity5 were 0, 4, 12 or 41 mg/kg body weight. Animals exposed to @entity3 generally consumed more food than control animals during pregnancy. Dams at the high-dose level of both compounds showed evidence of @entity1 , weighing less on day 0 of gestation and gaining less throughout pregnancy than did the controls. Dams exposed to the high dose of @entity3 gained less weight during pregnancy (exclusive of the gravid uterus) than control dams. At the 43 mg/kg/day dose level @entity3 was embryolethal. Foetuses at the lower dose levels of @entity3 exhibited dose-related decreases in body weights. A reduction in crown-rump length and an @entity4 were seen at 13 mg/kg/day in @entity3 animals only. An intake of 41 mg PCA/kg/day was associated with a decrease in the number of corpora lutea and in embryolethality. PCA exposure also resulted in reductions in foetal body weight and crown-rump lengths of males at 4 and 41 mg/kg/day. Female foetuses were unaffected.

title: Teratogenic potential of purified @entity2 and XXXX in subchronically exposed @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Male and female Sprague-Dawley (Spartan) @entity0 were exposed to dietary levels of 0, 60, 200 or 600 ppm purified @entity2 ( @entity3 ) or @entity6 (PCA) for 181 days, through mating and pregnancy. The daily intakes of @entity3 were 0, 4, 13 or 43 mg/kg body weight and of @entity5 were 0, 4, 12 or 41 mg/kg body weight. Animals exposed to @entity3 generally consumed more food than control animals during pregnancy. Dams at the high-dose level of both compounds showed evidence of @entity1 , weighing less on day 0 of gestation and gaining less throughout pregnancy than did the controls. Dams exposed to the high dose of @entity3 gained less weight during pregnancy (exclusive of the gravid uterus) than control dams. At the 43 mg/kg/day dose level @entity3 was embryolethal. Foetuses at the lower dose levels of @entity3 exhibited dose-related decreases in body weights. A reduction in crown-rump length and an @entity4 were seen at 13 mg/kg/day in @entity3 animals only. An intake of 41 mg PCA/kg/day was associated with a decrease in the number of corpora lutea and in embryolethality. PCA exposure also resulted in reductions in foetal body weight and crown-rump lengths of males at 4 and 41 mg/kg/day. Female foetuses were unaffected.

title: Teratogenic potential of purified @entity2 and @entity6 in subchronically exposed XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is endemic in 54 countries, but has one of the lowest coverages by mass drug administration of all helminth diseases. However, with increasing drug availability through donation, the World Health Organisation has set a goal of increasing coverage to 75  % of at-risk @entity0 in endemic countries and elimination in some regions. In this paper, we assess the impact on @entity2 of the WHO goals in terms of control and elimination. METHODS: We use an age-structured deterministic model of schistosome transmission in a @entity0 community and the effect of mass drug administration. The model is fitted to baseline data from a longitudinal re-infection study in Kenya and validated against the subsequent re-infection data. We examine the impact on host worm burden of the current treatment trend, extrapolated to meet the WHO goals, and its sensitivity to uncertainty in important parameters. We assess the feasibility of achieving elimination. RESULTS: Model results show that the current treatment trend, extrapolated to the WHO goals, is able to greatly reduce host worm burdens. If coverage is continued at the same level beyond 2020, elimination is possible for low to moderate transmission settings, where transmission intensity is defined by the basic reproduction number, R0. Low levels of adult coverage have a significant impact on worm burden  in all settings. Model validation against the re-infection survey demonstrates that the age-structured model is able to match post-treatment data well in terms of egg output, but that some details of re-infection among school @entity0 and young adults are not currently well represented. CONCLUSIONS: Our work suggests that the current WHO treatment goals should be successful in bringing about a major @entity1 in treated communities. If continued  over a 15 year period, they are likely to result in elimination, at least in areas with lower transmission.

title: What is required in terms of mass drug administration to interrupt the transmission of schistosome parasites in regions of XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Definitive therapy for Stage I @entity7 consists of total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Pre- and/or post-operative radiotherapy (RT) is employed in selected @entity0 with poor prognostic factors such as poorly differentiated @entity2 or deep myometrial invasion by @entity2 . The results are reported of RT alone in 69 @entity0 with Stage I @entity7 who presented with severe, acute, and chronic medical illnesses which prevented surgical management of their disease. Sixty-three @entity0 (91.3%) were @entity4 or @entity6 . Twenty-seven @entity0 (39.1%) had @entity3 , 16 (23.2%) had @entity10 , and the remaining @entity0 had such conditions as @entity5 (17.4%), @entity8 (15.9%), and recent @entity9 (13.0%). The median age for this group of @entity0 was 72.0 years compared to 60.0 years for a concurrent group of 304 @entity0 with Stage I @entity7 treated at our institution with combined surgery and RT. RT consisted of intracavitary insertions alone (11 @entity0 ), intracavitary plus low dose external beam therapy (9 @entity0 ), and intracavitary therapy plus high dose external beam therapy (49 @entity0 , definitive RT). Younger @entity0 and those with poorly differentiated disease were treated more aggressively. The 5- and 10-year overall survival for all @entity0 was 76.8 and 33.3%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year disease-free survival was 88.1 and 82.4%, respectively. The 5-year overall and disease-free survival for the group of 49 @entity0 treated with definitive RT was 85.4% and 88.7% with 15/49 (30.6%) having poorly differentiated @entity2 . For the definitive therapy group, the 5- and 10-year disease-free survival was 94.3, 92.3, and 78.0% for grades I, II, and III, respectively. Analysis of patterns of failure showed that none of the @entity0 failed in the pelvis alone. Two out of 11 (18.2%) receiving intracavitary therapy alone and 3/49 (6.1%) receiving definitive RT failed in the pelvis with simultaneous @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Three @entity0 in the definitive RT group failed with @entity1 only. Severe complications occurred in 8 @entity0 (16%), all of whom received definitive RT.

title: Medically inoperable stage I XXXX treated with radiotherapy alone.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization aims to control blinding @entity3 by 2020. Decisions on whether to start and stop mass treatments and when to declare that control has been achieved are currently based on clinical examination data generated in population-based surveys. Thresholds are based on the district-level prevalence of @entity1 -follicular (TF) in @entity0 aged 1-9 years. Forecasts of which districts may and may not meet TF control goals by the 2020 target date could affect resource allocation in the next few years. METHODS: We constructed a hidden Markov model fit to the prevalence of two clinical signs of @entity3 and PCR data in 24 communities from the recent PRET- @entity2 trial. The prevalence of TF in @entity0 in each community at 36  months was forecast given data from earlier time points. Forecasts were scored by the likelihood of the observed results. We assessed whether use of TF with additional TI and PCR data rather than just the use of TF alone improves forecasts, and separately whether incorporating a delay in TF recovery is beneficial. RESULTS: Including TI and PCR data did not significantly improve forecasts of TF. Forecasts of TF prevalence at 36  months by the model with the delay in TF recovery were significantly better than forecasts by the model without the delay in TF recovery (p   =   0.003). A zero-inflated truncated normal observation model was better than a truncated normal observation model, and better than a sensitivity-specificity observation model. CONCLUSION: The results in this study suggest that future studies could consider using just TF data for forecasting, and should include a delay in TF recovery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00792922.

title: Short-term forecasting of the prevalence of clinical XXXX : utility of including delayed recovery and tests for infection.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is a fatal @entity4 complicating intravascular involvements. Multiple microbleeds are rarely identified as complications because of the limited detection threshold of conventional imaging modalities. We report the first case of @entity5 with successful identification of multiple microbleeds in the cerebellum by susceptibility-weighted imaging. CASE PRESENTATION: A 19-year-old Japanese female was brought to our emergency department because of fever and @entity2 . A spinal tap was performed and turbid yellow fluid was collected. A diagnosis of @entity3 was established and the @entity0 was admitted to an intensive care unit. @entity1 and Antibiotics were administered and Neisseria meningitides was cultured from the spinal fluid. On day 10, postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging identified enhanced subarachnoid space in the cerebellum. Susceptibility-weighted imaging showed spotty low-intensity signals in the cerebellar tissue, indicating microbleeds. The @entity0 made a full recovery from @entity2 and was discharged without neurological sequelae on day 24. CONCLUSION: @entity5 can cause multiple microbleeds in the cerebellum. In this report, we successfully identified microbleeds by susceptibility-weighed imaging. Using this imaging modality, further investigations will clarify its clinical incidence and significance.

title: A case of XXXX with multiple cerebellar microbleeds detected by susceptibility-weighted imaging.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We sought to identify the incidence, injury patterns, and financial burden of @entity2 to provide a reference for reinforcing guidelines on the prevention of such injuries. We enrolled the @entity0 who were injured in a ladder-related fall and required intensive care between April 2012 and March 2014 at Okayama University Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Okayama City:9 @entity0 injured in 7 stepladder falls and 2 straight ladder falls. The median @entity0 age was 69 years, and 8 were males. Six falls occurred in non-occupational settings. @entity3 predominated, and the injury severity score ranged from 2 to 35 (mean   21  12). At the time of discharge from the intensive care unit, one @entity0 had died and 5 @entity0 had some @entity1 . The case fatality rate was 11%. The total cost of care during the review period was    16,705,794, with a mean cost of    1,856,199 per @entity0 . @entity2 are associated with a high rate of neurological sequelae and pose a financial burden on the health insurance system. A prevention education campaign targeting at older-aged males in non-occupational settings may be a worthwhile health service investment in this community.

title: Characteristics and Costs of XXXX : A Report from a Single Emergency Center in Okayama.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is the most effective treatment for advanced or end-stage @entity4 . However, @entity6 ( @entity6 ) remains one of its unresolved complications. We reviewed the records of 322 @entity0 undergoing primary @entity5 and investigated the efficacy of anticoagulant prophylaxis for @entity6 . Our study cohort consisted of 60 @entity0 who received no anticoagulants, 100 @entity0 who received a factor Xa inhibitor (fondaparinux), 100 @entity0 who received low molecular weight heparin ( @entity7 ), and 62 @entity0 who selectively received no anticoagulant prophylaxis due to perioperative @entity3 , weight, and/or hemoglobin concentration. Enhanced 64-slice multidetector row computed tomography was performed postoperatively for 7 days in all cases. The incidence of @entity6 in the four groups was 15%, 9.0%, 6.0%, and 6.4%, respectively. The incidence of @entity6 was significantly lower in the groups receiving anticoagulant prophylaxis and the group selectively receiving no anticoagulant prophylaxis than in the group receiving no anticoagulants. Complications of fondaparinux therapy included @entity1 in 4 cases (4.0%), minor @entity3 in 2 cases (2.0%), persistent wound drainage in 3 cases (3.0%), and eruption in 1 case (1.0%). The complications of @entity7 therapy were persistent wound drainage in 1 case (1.0%) and progression of @entity2 in 1 case (1.0%). The incidence of @entity6 was low in @entity0 who selectively received no anticoagulant prophylaxis, so we conclude that anticoagulant prophylaxis should be used selectively in @entity5 cases.

title: Erratum. XXXX after Total Hip Arthroplasty Diagnosed by Enhanced Computed Tomography:Comparison of Selective Thromboprophylaxis and No Thromboprophylaxis.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr. is a medicinal plant indigenous to India and is broadly used worldwide for the treatment of a variety of health ailments. The present study was experimented on hyperlipidemic Charles Foster @entity1 with the aim to explore the possible mechanism responsible for the antidyslipidemic activity of the hydromethanolic extract from @entity12 leaves (FIL). METHODS: @entity4 was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of @entity9 in Charles Foster @entity1 . The plasma lipid levels were estimated in control and treated groups. The antioxidant potential of @entity12 was assessed in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems. An acute @entity2 study of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fingerprinted extract was carried out in Swiss albino @entity0 . RESULTS: The @entity12 extract at a dose of 150 mg/kg significantly lowers the plasma level of total @entity3 (17%), @entity6 (13%), and phospholipids (16%) by increasing post-heparin lipolytic activity (19%) and lecithin- @entity3 -acyltransferase activity (20%) in @entity11 -induced hyperlipidemic @entity1 . In addition, the @entity12 extract showed significant in vitro antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activity. HPLC analysis indicates the presence of @entity10 and @entity8 in the extract, and the extract was found to be non-toxic up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight in the @entity2 study. CONCLUSIONS: These finding suggest that @entity12 holds significant potential in preventing @entity5 induced by @entity7 along with oxidative stress.

title: A mechanism-based pharmacological evaluation of efficacy of Flacourtia indica in management of XXXX and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr. is a medicinal plant indigenous to India and is broadly used worldwide for the treatment of a variety of health ailments. The present study was experimented on hyperlipidemic Charles Foster @entity1 with the aim to explore the possible mechanism responsible for the antidyslipidemic activity of the hydromethanolic extract from @entity12 leaves (FIL). METHODS: @entity4 was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of @entity9 in Charles Foster @entity1 . The plasma lipid levels were estimated in control and treated groups. The antioxidant potential of @entity12 was assessed in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems. An acute @entity2 study of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fingerprinted extract was carried out in Swiss albino @entity0 . RESULTS: The @entity12 extract at a dose of 150 mg/kg significantly lowers the plasma level of total @entity3 (17%), @entity6 (13%), and phospholipids (16%) by increasing post-heparin lipolytic activity (19%) and lecithin- @entity3 -acyltransferase activity (20%) in @entity11 -induced hyperlipidemic @entity1 . In addition, the @entity12 extract showed significant in vitro antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activity. HPLC analysis indicates the presence of @entity10 and @entity8 in the extract, and the extract was found to be non-toxic up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight in the @entity2 study. CONCLUSIONS: These finding suggest that @entity12 holds significant potential in preventing @entity5 induced by @entity7 along with oxidative stress.

title: A mechanism-based pharmacological evaluation of efficacy of Flacourtia indica in management of @entity7 and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Non-sterile pathogen-induced @entity1 like in @entity3 or @entity2 -reperfusion injury may both coincide with the life threatening @entity7 and @entity6 . Consequently, there is an urgent need for specific biomarkers in order to distinguish @entity4 from sterile conditions. The overall aim of this study was to uncover putative @entity4 biomarkers and biomarker pathways, as well as to test the efficacy of combined inhibition of innate immunity key players complement and Toll-like receptor co-receptor @entity10 as a possible therapeutic regimen for @entity4 . We performed whole blood gene expression analyses using microarray in order to profile Gram-negative bacteria-induced @entity1 responses in an ex vivo @entity0 whole blood model. The experiments were performed in the presence or absence of inhibitors of complement proteins (C3 and @entity8 (C5a receptor 1)) and @entity10 , alone or in combination. In addition, we used blood from a @entity9 donor. Anti-coagulated whole blood was challenged with heat-inactivated @entity5 for 2  h, total RNA was isolated and microarray analyses were performed on the Affymetrix GeneChip Gene 1.0 ST Array platform. The initial experiments were performed in duplicates using blood from two healthy donors. @entity9 is very rare, and only one donor could be recruited. In order to increase statistical power, a technical replicate of the @entity9 samples was run. Subsequently, log2-transformed intensities were processed by robust multichip analysis and filtered using a threshold of four. In total, 73 microarray chips were run and analyzed. The normalized and filtered raw data have been deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and are accessible with GEO Series accession number GSE55537. Linear models for microarray data were applied to estimate fold changes between data sets and the respective multiple testing adjusted p-values (FDR q-values). The interpretation of the data has been published by Lau et al. in an open access article entitled " @entity10 and Complement Crosstalk and Largely Mediate the Transcriptional Response to @entity5 in @entity0 Whole Blood as revealed by DNA Microarray" (Lau et al., 2015).

title: Gene expression profiling of Gram-negative bacteria-induced @entity1 in @entity0 whole blood: The role of complement and XXXX -mediated innate immune response.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Non-sterile pathogen-induced @entity1 like in @entity3 or @entity2 -reperfusion injury may both coincide with the life threatening @entity7 and @entity6 . Consequently, there is an urgent need for specific biomarkers in order to distinguish @entity4 from sterile conditions. The overall aim of this study was to uncover putative @entity4 biomarkers and biomarker pathways, as well as to test the efficacy of combined inhibition of innate immunity key players complement and Toll-like receptor co-receptor @entity10 as a possible therapeutic regimen for @entity4 . We performed whole blood gene expression analyses using microarray in order to profile Gram-negative bacteria-induced @entity1 responses in an ex vivo @entity0 whole blood model. The experiments were performed in the presence or absence of inhibitors of complement proteins (C3 and @entity8 (C5a receptor 1)) and @entity10 , alone or in combination. In addition, we used blood from a @entity9 donor. Anti-coagulated whole blood was challenged with heat-inactivated @entity5 for 2  h, total RNA was isolated and microarray analyses were performed on the Affymetrix GeneChip Gene 1.0 ST Array platform. The initial experiments were performed in duplicates using blood from two healthy donors. @entity9 is very rare, and only one donor could be recruited. In order to increase statistical power, a technical replicate of the @entity9 samples was run. Subsequently, log2-transformed intensities were processed by robust multichip analysis and filtered using a threshold of four. In total, 73 microarray chips were run and analyzed. The normalized and filtered raw data have been deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and are accessible with GEO Series accession number GSE55537. Linear models for microarray data were applied to estimate fold changes between data sets and the respective multiple testing adjusted p-values (FDR q-values). The interpretation of the data has been published by Lau et al. in an open access article entitled " @entity10 and Complement Crosstalk and Largely Mediate the Transcriptional Response to @entity5 in @entity0 Whole Blood as revealed by DNA Microarray" (Lau et al., 2015).

title: Gene expression profiling of Gram-negative bacteria-induced XXXX in @entity0 whole blood: The role of complement and @entity10 -mediated innate immune response.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Non-sterile pathogen-induced @entity1 like in @entity3 or @entity2 -reperfusion injury may both coincide with the life threatening @entity7 and @entity6 . Consequently, there is an urgent need for specific biomarkers in order to distinguish @entity4 from sterile conditions. The overall aim of this study was to uncover putative @entity4 biomarkers and biomarker pathways, as well as to test the efficacy of combined inhibition of innate immunity key players complement and Toll-like receptor co-receptor @entity10 as a possible therapeutic regimen for @entity4 . We performed whole blood gene expression analyses using microarray in order to profile Gram-negative bacteria-induced @entity1 responses in an ex vivo @entity0 whole blood model. The experiments were performed in the presence or absence of inhibitors of complement proteins (C3 and @entity8 (C5a receptor 1)) and @entity10 , alone or in combination. In addition, we used blood from a @entity9 donor. Anti-coagulated whole blood was challenged with heat-inactivated @entity5 for 2  h, total RNA was isolated and microarray analyses were performed on the Affymetrix GeneChip Gene 1.0 ST Array platform. The initial experiments were performed in duplicates using blood from two healthy donors. @entity9 is very rare, and only one donor could be recruited. In order to increase statistical power, a technical replicate of the @entity9 samples was run. Subsequently, log2-transformed intensities were processed by robust multichip analysis and filtered using a threshold of four. In total, 73 microarray chips were run and analyzed. The normalized and filtered raw data have been deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and are accessible with GEO Series accession number GSE55537. Linear models for microarray data were applied to estimate fold changes between data sets and the respective multiple testing adjusted p-values (FDR q-values). The interpretation of the data has been published by Lau et al. in an open access article entitled " @entity10 and Complement Crosstalk and Largely Mediate the Transcriptional Response to @entity5 in @entity0 Whole Blood as revealed by DNA Microarray" (Lau et al., 2015).

title: Gene expression profiling of Gram-negative bacteria-induced @entity1 in XXXX whole blood: The role of complement and @entity10 -mediated innate immune response.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The isolation of bacterially synthesized, recombinant-DNA-derived, @entity0 growth hormone (r-bGH) with native structure is described. The r-bGH is found in insoluble form, in a pellet fraction, after cell breakage and centrifugation. Cell envelope components (protein, lipid, endotoxin) and nucleic acids are selectively removed from the pellet fraction by an @entity1 /lysozyme/deoxycholate extraction. We demonstrate that the r-bGH is largely reduced until solubilized using 6 M @entity3 / @entity4 . Air oxidation is then carried out, in the presence of the @entity3 / @entity4 . The oxidation results in a mixture of about one-third @entity2 -linked oligomers and two-thirds oxidized monomer. The latter may include some incorrectly oxidized material, but appears to be mostly correctly oxidized. The oxidized monomer is isolated by gel filtration in the presence of @entity3 / @entity4 . Subsequent @entity3 / @entity4 removal leads to refolded, oxidized r-bGH. All steps in the procedure, in particular the oxidation and refolding steps, can be carried out at relatively high protein concentrations.

title: Recombinant-DNA-derived XXXX growth hormone from Escherichia coli. 1. Demonstration that the hormone is expressed in reduced form, and isolation of the hormone in oxidized, native form.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The hypothesis that a primary stimulus for aortic medial @entity3 in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) is increased blood pressure was tested by determining whether development of smooth muscle cell @entity3 and hyperploidy in SHR could be dissociated from blood pressure levels in @entity0 treated with various antihypertensive drugs with different mechanisms of action. @entity0 -Kyoto @entity0 (WKY) and SHR were treated between 2 and 5 months of age with @entity7 (375 mg/L), @entity6 (40 mg/L), or @entity2 (1.5 mg/L) administered in their drinking water. Smooth @entity5 and hyperploidy were analyzed by morphometric evaluation of medial smooth muscle content, flow cytometric analysis of the frequency of polyploid smooth muscle cells, and biochemical estimates of smooth muscle cell number. All drugs significantly lowered blood pressure in SHR compared with untreated controls (order of efficacy: @entity7 greater than @entity6 greater than @entity2 ). @entity7 also was most effective at changing blood pressure in WKY, while @entity2 and @entity6 had similar blood pressure-lowering effects. The efficacy of drugs in preventing the development of smooth muscle cell polyploidism and medial @entity3 in SHR was the same as their efficacy in lowering blood pressure, although @entity2 had no effect on medial smooth @entity5 despite lowering blood pressure by 26 mm Hg. Regression analyses showed a high degree of correlation between blood pressure and the frequency of polyploid smooth muscle cells and medial smooth muscle content. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that aortic medial @entity3 may be, in part, a response to increased blood pressure or wall stress. However, analysis of covariance and two-stage multiple regression analyses indicated that @entity7 had an effect over and above that predicted by its blood pressure-lowering effect. Furthermore, @entity2 lowered blood pressure but did not affect medial @entity3 . These results suggest that smooth @entity5 is not simply a response to increased blood pressure, but that other factors, such as @entity4 , may be important in modulating aortic medial @entity3 in SHR.

title: Influence of blood pressure on development of aortic medial smooth @entity5 in spontaneously XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The hypothesis that a primary stimulus for aortic medial @entity3 in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) is increased blood pressure was tested by determining whether development of smooth muscle cell @entity3 and hyperploidy in SHR could be dissociated from blood pressure levels in @entity0 treated with various antihypertensive drugs with different mechanisms of action. @entity0 -Kyoto @entity0 (WKY) and SHR were treated between 2 and 5 months of age with @entity7 (375 mg/L), @entity6 (40 mg/L), or @entity2 (1.5 mg/L) administered in their drinking water. Smooth @entity5 and hyperploidy were analyzed by morphometric evaluation of medial smooth muscle content, flow cytometric analysis of the frequency of polyploid smooth muscle cells, and biochemical estimates of smooth muscle cell number. All drugs significantly lowered blood pressure in SHR compared with untreated controls (order of efficacy: @entity7 greater than @entity6 greater than @entity2 ). @entity7 also was most effective at changing blood pressure in WKY, while @entity2 and @entity6 had similar blood pressure-lowering effects. The efficacy of drugs in preventing the development of smooth muscle cell polyploidism and medial @entity3 in SHR was the same as their efficacy in lowering blood pressure, although @entity2 had no effect on medial smooth @entity5 despite lowering blood pressure by 26 mm Hg. Regression analyses showed a high degree of correlation between blood pressure and the frequency of polyploid smooth muscle cells and medial smooth muscle content. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that aortic medial @entity3 may be, in part, a response to increased blood pressure or wall stress. However, analysis of covariance and two-stage multiple regression analyses indicated that @entity7 had an effect over and above that predicted by its blood pressure-lowering effect. Furthermore, @entity2 lowered blood pressure but did not affect medial @entity3 . These results suggest that smooth @entity5 is not simply a response to increased blood pressure, but that other factors, such as @entity4 , may be important in modulating aortic medial @entity3 in SHR.

title: Influence of blood pressure on development of aortic medial smooth XXXX in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The hypothesis that a primary stimulus for aortic medial @entity3 in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) is increased blood pressure was tested by determining whether development of smooth muscle cell @entity3 and hyperploidy in SHR could be dissociated from blood pressure levels in @entity0 treated with various antihypertensive drugs with different mechanisms of action. @entity0 -Kyoto @entity0 (WKY) and SHR were treated between 2 and 5 months of age with @entity7 (375 mg/L), @entity6 (40 mg/L), or @entity2 (1.5 mg/L) administered in their drinking water. Smooth @entity5 and hyperploidy were analyzed by morphometric evaluation of medial smooth muscle content, flow cytometric analysis of the frequency of polyploid smooth muscle cells, and biochemical estimates of smooth muscle cell number. All drugs significantly lowered blood pressure in SHR compared with untreated controls (order of efficacy: @entity7 greater than @entity6 greater than @entity2 ). @entity7 also was most effective at changing blood pressure in WKY, while @entity2 and @entity6 had similar blood pressure-lowering effects. The efficacy of drugs in preventing the development of smooth muscle cell polyploidism and medial @entity3 in SHR was the same as their efficacy in lowering blood pressure, although @entity2 had no effect on medial smooth @entity5 despite lowering blood pressure by 26 mm Hg. Regression analyses showed a high degree of correlation between blood pressure and the frequency of polyploid smooth muscle cells and medial smooth muscle content. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that aortic medial @entity3 may be, in part, a response to increased blood pressure or wall stress. However, analysis of covariance and two-stage multiple regression analyses indicated that @entity7 had an effect over and above that predicted by its blood pressure-lowering effect. Furthermore, @entity2 lowered blood pressure but did not affect medial @entity3 . These results suggest that smooth @entity5 is not simply a response to increased blood pressure, but that other factors, such as @entity4 , may be important in modulating aortic medial @entity3 in SHR.

title: Influence of blood pressure on development of aortic medial smooth @entity5 in spontaneously @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity9 ) is one of the most widely prescribed antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of @entity1 . Although it is well known that the doses of @entity9 and its plasma concentrations are highly correlated, the plasma concentrations do not correlate well with the therapeutic effects of the @entity9 . In this study, we developed a population-based pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) model to determine the optimal concentration of @entity9 according to the clinical characteristics of each @entity0 . This retrospective study included 77 @entity9 -treated Japanese @entity0 with @entity1 . A nonlinear mixed-effects model best represented the relationship between the trough concentrations of @entity9 at steady-state and an over 50% reduction in @entity2 frequency. The model was fitted using a logistic regression model, in which the logit function of the probability was a linear function of the predicted trough concentration of @entity9 . The model showed that the age, @entity2 locus, the @entity4 channel neuronal type I alpha subunit @entity10 polymorphism and co-administration of @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 or @entity5 were associated with an over 50% reduction in the @entity2 frequency. We plotted the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the logit(Pr) value of the model and the presence or absence of a more than 50% reduction in @entity2 frequency, and the areas under the curves with the 95% confidence interval from the ROC curve were 0.823 with 0.793-0.853. A logit(Pr) value of 0.1 was considered the optimal cut-off point (sensitivity = 71.8% and specificity = 80.4%), and we calculated the optimal trough concentration of @entity9 for each @entity0 . Such parameters may be useful to determine the recommended therapeutic concentration of @entity9 for each @entity0 , and the procedure may contribute to the further development of personalized pharmacological therapy for @entity1 .

title: Determination of the Optimal Concentration of XXXX in @entity0 with @entity1 : A Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity9 ) is one of the most widely prescribed antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of @entity1 . Although it is well known that the doses of @entity9 and its plasma concentrations are highly correlated, the plasma concentrations do not correlate well with the therapeutic effects of the @entity9 . In this study, we developed a population-based pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) model to determine the optimal concentration of @entity9 according to the clinical characteristics of each @entity0 . This retrospective study included 77 @entity9 -treated Japanese @entity0 with @entity1 . A nonlinear mixed-effects model best represented the relationship between the trough concentrations of @entity9 at steady-state and an over 50% reduction in @entity2 frequency. The model was fitted using a logistic regression model, in which the logit function of the probability was a linear function of the predicted trough concentration of @entity9 . The model showed that the age, @entity2 locus, the @entity4 channel neuronal type I alpha subunit @entity10 polymorphism and co-administration of @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 or @entity5 were associated with an over 50% reduction in the @entity2 frequency. We plotted the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the logit(Pr) value of the model and the presence or absence of a more than 50% reduction in @entity2 frequency, and the areas under the curves with the 95% confidence interval from the ROC curve were 0.823 with 0.793-0.853. A logit(Pr) value of 0.1 was considered the optimal cut-off point (sensitivity = 71.8% and specificity = 80.4%), and we calculated the optimal trough concentration of @entity9 for each @entity0 . Such parameters may be useful to determine the recommended therapeutic concentration of @entity9 for each @entity0 , and the procedure may contribute to the further development of personalized pharmacological therapy for @entity1 .

title: Determination of the Optimal Concentration of @entity3 in @entity0 with XXXX : A Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity9 ) is one of the most widely prescribed antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of @entity1 . Although it is well known that the doses of @entity9 and its plasma concentrations are highly correlated, the plasma concentrations do not correlate well with the therapeutic effects of the @entity9 . In this study, we developed a population-based pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) model to determine the optimal concentration of @entity9 according to the clinical characteristics of each @entity0 . This retrospective study included 77 @entity9 -treated Japanese @entity0 with @entity1 . A nonlinear mixed-effects model best represented the relationship between the trough concentrations of @entity9 at steady-state and an over 50% reduction in @entity2 frequency. The model was fitted using a logistic regression model, in which the logit function of the probability was a linear function of the predicted trough concentration of @entity9 . The model showed that the age, @entity2 locus, the @entity4 channel neuronal type I alpha subunit @entity10 polymorphism and co-administration of @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 or @entity5 were associated with an over 50% reduction in the @entity2 frequency. We plotted the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the logit(Pr) value of the model and the presence or absence of a more than 50% reduction in @entity2 frequency, and the areas under the curves with the 95% confidence interval from the ROC curve were 0.823 with 0.793-0.853. A logit(Pr) value of 0.1 was considered the optimal cut-off point (sensitivity = 71.8% and specificity = 80.4%), and we calculated the optimal trough concentration of @entity9 for each @entity0 . Such parameters may be useful to determine the recommended therapeutic concentration of @entity9 for each @entity0 , and the procedure may contribute to the further development of personalized pharmacological therapy for @entity1 .

title: Determination of the Optimal Concentration of @entity3 in XXXX with @entity1 : A Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mammary glands are physiologically active in female mammals only during nursing. Immediately after weaning, most lactation-related genes are downregulated and milk production ceases. In our previous study, we have detected an inwardly rectifying @entity1 channel (Kir) 2.1-like current in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) cells freshly isolated from lactating @entity0 . This current is highly sensitive to external @entity4 . The @entity1 permeability of the Kir channels may contribute to the secretion and/or preservation of ions in milk. We hypothesized that the functions of the Kir channels in @entity3 cells are regulated after weaning. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of forced weaning on the @entity4 -sensitive Kir current and @entity2 expression in the @entity0 mammary glands. Twenty-four hours after weaning, the lumina of mammary acini were histologically enlarged by milk accumulation. The whole-cell patch-clamp analyses showed that the @entity4 -sensitive Kir current in the post-weaning @entity3 cells was smaller than in the lactating @entity3 cells. The inward conductances of the current in the lactating and post-weaning cells were 4.25    0.77 and 0.93    0.34 nS, respectively. Furthermore, real-time PCR and Western blot analyses showed that @entity2 mRNA and protein expression decreased in the post-weaning mammary gland (mRNA, 90% reduction; protein, 47% reduction). Moreover, the local milk accumulation caused by teat sealing decreased Kir conductance in @entity3 cells (2.74    0.45 and 0.36    0.27 nS for control and sealed mammary glands, respectively). This was concomitant with the reduction in the @entity2 mRNA expression. Our results suggest that milk stasis after weaning immediately decreases the Kir conductance in @entity3 cells. This decrease in the Kir conductance may be partly caused by the reduction in the @entity2 mRNA and protein expression. These alterations during the post-weaning period may be involved in the cessation of ion secretion and/or preservation in the milk.

title: Decrease in an Inwardly Rectifying XXXX Conductance in @entity0 Mammary Secretory Cells after Forced Weaning.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mammary glands are physiologically active in female mammals only during nursing. Immediately after weaning, most lactation-related genes are downregulated and milk production ceases. In our previous study, we have detected an inwardly rectifying @entity1 channel (Kir) 2.1-like current in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) cells freshly isolated from lactating @entity0 . This current is highly sensitive to external @entity4 . The @entity1 permeability of the Kir channels may contribute to the secretion and/or preservation of ions in milk. We hypothesized that the functions of the Kir channels in @entity3 cells are regulated after weaning. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of forced weaning on the @entity4 -sensitive Kir current and @entity2 expression in the @entity0 mammary glands. Twenty-four hours after weaning, the lumina of mammary acini were histologically enlarged by milk accumulation. The whole-cell patch-clamp analyses showed that the @entity4 -sensitive Kir current in the post-weaning @entity3 cells was smaller than in the lactating @entity3 cells. The inward conductances of the current in the lactating and post-weaning cells were 4.25    0.77 and 0.93    0.34 nS, respectively. Furthermore, real-time PCR and Western blot analyses showed that @entity2 mRNA and protein expression decreased in the post-weaning mammary gland (mRNA, 90% reduction; protein, 47% reduction). Moreover, the local milk accumulation caused by teat sealing decreased Kir conductance in @entity3 cells (2.74    0.45 and 0.36    0.27 nS for control and sealed mammary glands, respectively). This was concomitant with the reduction in the @entity2 mRNA expression. Our results suggest that milk stasis after weaning immediately decreases the Kir conductance in @entity3 cells. This decrease in the Kir conductance may be partly caused by the reduction in the @entity2 mRNA and protein expression. These alterations during the post-weaning period may be involved in the cessation of ion secretion and/or preservation in the milk.

title: Decrease in an Inwardly Rectifying @entity1 Conductance in XXXX Mammary Secretory Cells after Forced Weaning.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology of nociception and its modification by analgesic drugs have been studied extensively in the past decade. Although the neural mechanisms of nociceptors and the stimuli that activate them are much better understood, it must be emphasized that the perception of @entity3 , as well as the meaning of @entity3 to the individual, is a complex behavioral phenomenon and involves psychologic and emotional processes in addition to activation of nociceptive pathways. @entity3 related to @entity2 can be classified as somatic, visceral, and deafferentation in type. Somatic @entity3 involve direct activation of nociceptors and are often a complication of @entity2 infiltration of tissues or injury of tissues as a consequence of @entity2 therapy. The management of this type of @entity3 is typically accomplished by treating the @entity2 (with surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy) and by using the appropriate non-narcotic, narcotic, and adjuvant analgesic agents. Neuroablative therapies may be helpful in specific circumstances. For example, cordotomy may be helpful for @entity3 below the waist in @entity0 with somatic and @entity4 . This procedure may also be helpful for early deafferentiation @entity3 (i.e., @entity6 ) in which peripheral nerves are compressed but not infiltrated or destroyed by @entity1 growth. Deafferentiation @entity3 may be a complication of @entity2 infiltration of peripheral nerve or of @entity2 therapy that injures neural tissue. This type of @entity3 is often poorly tolerated and difficult to control, particularly if not treated early and aggressively. Although incompletely understood, the pathophysiology of @entity3 appears to be different from that of somatic or @entity4 , and the treatment approaches may be different. Management approaches to @entity3 usually emphasize treatment of the @entity3 , because @entity5 may be difficult to reverse, even if one can successfully treat the underlying @entity2 , and many @entity3 syndromes occur as a complication of @entity2 therapy. The role of narcotic analgesics in the management of @entity3 is not clear, although the published experience suggests that they are less useful than in somatic or @entity4 .

title: Anatomy, physiology, and neuropharmacology of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We examined the involvement of inhibitory @entity1 in refractoriness induced by repeated ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) challenge. Six male subjects with @entity0 who developed both UNDW-induced bronchoconstriction and refractoriness after UNDW were studied on 3 separate days, 1 week apart. On each study day, subjects had an initial UNDW challenge. UNDW responsiveness was assessed with dose-response curves of UNDW volume output versus the percent fall in FEV1. The output provoking a 20% fall in FEV1 (PO20 UNDW) was calculated. FEV1 was measured again at 5-minute intervals until it returned to within 5% of baseline value. UNDW challenge was then repeated. On day 1, the two successive UNDW challenges were performed in absence of any treatment (control day). Before days 2 and 3, subjects received placebo capsules or @entity2 , 100 mg per day, in a double-blind, randomized fashion for 3 days. On both the control and placebo days, repeated UNDW inhalation provoked a significant increase in PO20 UNDW (p less than 0.01), indicating refractoriness. On the @entity2 day, the mean PO20 UNDW during the second UNDW challenge was not significantly different from that obtained during the initial test on that day (p greater than 0.05), indicating that refractoriness did not occur. We suggest that inhibitory @entity1 are involved in the development of refractoriness after UNDW inhalation.

title: The effect of XXXX on the refractory period occurring after the inhalation of ultrasonically nebulized distilled water.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study utilizes a light microscopy assay for bacterial adherence to @entity0 male transitional cells. Prior light microscopy studies have used voided squamous cells, periurethral cells or scraped vaginal cells, which are less representative of the cells lining the majority of the urinary tract. Using a modification of previous bacterial adherence assays, the mean adherence for 28 strains of @entity2 in 92 bacteria-cell incubations was 10.2 +/- 11.5 (standard deviation) bacteria per cell. The mean adherence for 20 strains of @entity6 in 60 bacteria cell incubations was 8.1 +/- 11.4. No statistically significant difference in adherence between @entity2 and @entity6 was found (p greater than 0.05). Studies comparing the adherence of @entity2 isolated from the urine of @entity0 with @entity5 (eight strains), @entity4 (10 strains) and anal swabs of females without @entity1 (10 strains), showed no statistically significant differences in mean adherence (p greater than 0.05). However, there was a trend toward higher adherence in the more virulent groups. Experiments comparing the adherence of @entity6 isolated from @entity3 to @entity6 isolated from anal swabs of female @entity0 without history of @entity6 UTI revealed no statistically significant differences in mean adherence between the two groups (p greater than 0.05). These data do not support previous contentions that @entity6 adhere poorly to @entity0 transitional cells. The absence of a significant difference in adherence among strains of @entity2 and @entity6 that differ in clinical pathogenicity suggests that factors other than adherence contribute to their virulence.

title: Adherence of XXXX and Proteus mirabilis to @entity0 transitional cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study utilizes a light microscopy assay for bacterial adherence to @entity0 male transitional cells. Prior light microscopy studies have used voided squamous cells, periurethral cells or scraped vaginal cells, which are less representative of the cells lining the majority of the urinary tract. Using a modification of previous bacterial adherence assays, the mean adherence for 28 strains of @entity2 in 92 bacteria-cell incubations was 10.2 +/- 11.5 (standard deviation) bacteria per cell. The mean adherence for 20 strains of @entity6 in 60 bacteria cell incubations was 8.1 +/- 11.4. No statistically significant difference in adherence between @entity2 and @entity6 was found (p greater than 0.05). Studies comparing the adherence of @entity2 isolated from the urine of @entity0 with @entity5 (eight strains), @entity4 (10 strains) and anal swabs of females without @entity1 (10 strains), showed no statistically significant differences in mean adherence (p greater than 0.05). However, there was a trend toward higher adherence in the more virulent groups. Experiments comparing the adherence of @entity6 isolated from @entity3 to @entity6 isolated from anal swabs of female @entity0 without history of @entity6 UTI revealed no statistically significant differences in mean adherence between the two groups (p greater than 0.05). These data do not support previous contentions that @entity6 adhere poorly to @entity0 transitional cells. The absence of a significant difference in adherence among strains of @entity2 and @entity6 that differ in clinical pathogenicity suggests that factors other than adherence contribute to their virulence.

title: Adherence of @entity2 and Proteus mirabilis to XXXX transitional cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Between August 1981 and July 1984, 93 @entity0 with polychronotopic superficial @entity4 (Ta and/or T1), flat @entity5 (Tis), or concomitant superficial papillary and in situ @entity3 were entered into a prospective randomized trial of maintenance v nonmaintenance intravesical bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) therapy. Forty-six @entity0 who received BCG weekly for 6 weeks were compared with 47 @entity0 receiving the six-weekly doses of BCG plus monthly BCG for 2 years. Both groups were evaluated every 3 months by cytology, cystoscopy, and biopsy. A significant reduction in the number of recurrent @entity1 per @entity0 -month was demonstrated for both groups (P less than .0001); however, the difference in @entity1 between the two groups was not significant. Additionally, @entity0 receiving maintenance and nonmaintenance therapy had similar @entity1 recurrence and progression rates. These results indicate that monthly maintenance BCG does not prevent, delay, or reduce @entity1 recurrence or progression observed with the 6-week regimen. Maintenance BCG was associated with increased local @entity2 , primarily @entity6 , frequency, and urgency. Dosage reduction was required in 22 of 47 @entity0 (46.8%). When the data were subjected to multivariate analysis, the presence or absence of @entity1 following induction BCG and PPD skin test results were found to be significant variables. Controlling for either the presence or absence of @entity1 following induction BCG, @entity1 recurrence and progression rates were not significantly different for the two treatment groups. However, the absence of @entity1 after induction BCG was associated with a longer disease-free duration (P = .00001) and time to progression (P = .095). @entity0 with a reactive tuberculin skin test before and after induction BCG had significantly less @entity1 recurrences than @entity0 with different PPD skin tests results (P = .02). @entity1 progression was not related to tuberculin skin testing.

title: A prospective randomized trial of maintenance versus nonmaintenance intravesical bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin therapy of superficial XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Simple or combined D,T,P and inactivated polio vaccines adsorbed onto @entity1 are prepared according to two procedures. Antigens can be dialysed in a @entity5 solution and quickly mixed with an equal volume of an equimolar solution of @entity6 , the pH is adjusted to 6.8-7. @entity7 added to the @entity3 solution are in this way entrapped within the 3-dimensional network during the formation of the precipitate. Antigens can also be added to a @entity1 gel suspension prepared in advance. Results of animal experiments and of field trials using either combined vaccines or simultaneous immunization with diphtheria, @entity2 , pertussis, meningococcal and several viral vaccines: polio, rabies, @entity4 , etc., will be presented. Several programs have been studied in developing countries, mainly with the aim at simplifying vaccination campaigns. The efficiency of a two-dose regimen with DT vaccine has been ascertained, this has also been applied to pregnant @entity0 . Adsorbed @entity2 toxoid was successfully used as a diluent for freeze-dried measles, meningococcal polysaccharide and rabies vaccines. Levels of circulating antibodies and potency of vaccines have been measured by new in vivo and in vitro methods. The choice of detoxified purified toxins is desirable for the preparation of vaccines in order to prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions. Local and generalized reactions have been studied. Adverse Arthus-type reactions have been encountered and related with the presence of high levels of circulating @entity2 antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Preparation and use of XXXX adsorbed vaccines.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Production of chemokines by intestinal epithelial cells is a key step in the amplification of the destructive immune-inflammatory response in @entity0 with @entity1 [ @entity1 ]. In this study, we examined whether intestinal epithelial cells express macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor 1 [M-CSFR-1], the functional receptor of @entity3 [ @entity3 ], a cytokine that is over-produced in @entity1 and supposed to sustain inflammatory pathways. METHODS: M-CSFR-1 expression was evaluated in intestinal samples of @entity1 @entity0 , controls, and colon epithelial cell lines by real-time polymerase chain reaction [PCR], immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. DLD-1 cells were stimulated with @entity3 in the presence or absence of MAP kinase inhibitors, chemokine induction was assessed by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation was monitored by western blotting. The effect of a neutralising @entity3 antibody on @entity4 synthesis was tested in ex vivo organ cultures of @entity1 mucosal explants. RESULTS: Enhanced expression of M-CSFR-1 RNA transcripts was seen in inflamed mucosa of @entity1 @entity0 as compared with controls. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed up-regulation of M-CSFR-1 in @entity1 and showed that both epithelial and lamina propria mononuclear cells expressed this receptor. Stimulation of DLD-1 with @entity3 increased @entity4 production through an @entity2 -dependent mechanism. Consistently, treatment of @entity1 explants with anti- @entity3 reduced @entity4 production. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that intestinal epithelial cells are a target of @entity3 and suggest that this cytokine contributes to mediating the cross-talk between epithelial cells and immune cells in @entity1 .

title: XXXX Induces Cc-chemokine Ligand 20 in Gut Epithelial Cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Fractures associated with @entity2 are a worldwide health problem. To augment @entity4 bone healing, we aimed to develop a cell/gene therapy approach in combination with miRNA manipulation. We unraveled aberrant overexpression of @entity5 * and @entity6 in the bone marrow-derived MSCs isolated from ovariectomized (OVX) @entity0 (OVX-BMSCs). To suppress the miRNA levels, we constructed hybrid baculovirus vectors expressing miRNA sponges to antagonize @entity5 * or @entity6 . Engineering OVX-BMSCs with the hybrid vectors persistently attenuated the cellular @entity5 */ @entity6 levels, which promoted the OVX-BMSCs osteogenesis and augmented the ability of OVX-BMSCs to repress osteoclast maturation in  vitro. Notably, suppressing @entity6 exerted more potent osteoinductive effects. In the @entity4 @entity0 models with a critical-size bone defect at the femoral metaphysis, implanting the OVX-BMSCs ectopically expressing @entity3 failed to heal the defect, which underscored the difficulty to heal @entity1 . Nonetheless, allotransplantation of the @entity6 sponges-expressing OVX-BMSCs healed the defect and ameliorated the bone quality (density, trabecular number, trabecular thickness and trabecular space) at 4 weeks post-implantation. Co-expressing @entity3 and @entity6 sponges in OVX-BMSCs further synergistically substantiated the healing. The baculovirus-engineered OVX-BMSCs that expressed @entity6 sponge, with or without @entity3 expression, thus paved a new avenue to the treatment of @entity1 .

title: XXXX by baculovirus-engineered bone marrow-derived MSCs expressing MicroRNA sponges.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the @entity2 - @entity4 (CFP-SUL) susceptibilities of important Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) by agar dilution (reference method), disk diffusion, and two automated methods. METHODS: A total of 799 GNB isolates, including Enterobacteriaceae (n  =  500) and nonfermentative GNB (NFGNB, n  =  299), were recovered from various clinical specimens collected at National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan from November 2013 to December 2014. The agar dilution method, disk diffusion method, and two automated susceptibility systems (Phoenix and Vitek 2) were used for testing susceptibility of the isolates to CFP-SUL. Categories of susceptibility (susceptible, intermediate, or resistant) to CFP-SUL yielded from each method were interpreted according to CFP-SUL interpretive breakpoints proposed previously. The results of categorical agreement and errors obtained between the agar dilution method and the other three methods were analyzed. RESULTS: The Vitek 2 system had the highest error rates against @entity0 (n  =  150) and @entity5 (n  =  77) isolates, i.e., 6.7% and 11.7% minor errors, 8.5% and 1.7% major errors, and 40% and 20% very major errors, respectively. Additionally, the Vitek 2 system was also found to have a significantly lower sensitivity (44.4%) and lower positive predictive value (18.2%) for detecting CFP-SUL nonsusceptible @entity0 isolates than other methods. For @entity3 -nonsusceptible Enterobacteriaceae isolates, the Vitek 2 system failed to detect correct susceptibility to CFP-SUL. The three methods failed to correctly detect CFP-SUL susceptibility categories against all NFGNB isolates except @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The Vitek 2 system is a suboptimal method in correctly detecting CFP-SUL susceptibility categories for @entity0 , E. cloacae, and @entity3 -nonsusceptible Enterobacteriaceae isolates.

title: Comparison of commonly used antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for evaluating susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli to @entity2 - XXXX .

answer: @entity4