abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the efficacy of intratumoural injections of @entity1 for the treatment of @entity2 sarcoids. DESIGN: A prospective study that included 13 @entity2 and one @entity3 . PROCEDURE: Sarcoids were confirmed by histological examination and treated with intratumoural @entity1 every 2 weeks. If the sarcoids did not resolve after seven treatments, treatment was considered a failure. All cases were re-examined 6 months after treatment commenced and owners were telephoned 3 years after commencement of treatment to report on @entity0 recurrence. Outcome comparisons were performed to determine the effect of previous treatment, @entity0 size and @entity0 location on sarcoid resolution. The efficacy of intratumoural @entity1 was compared with other previously documented treatments of @entity2 sarcoids. RESULTS: Sarcoids smaller than 13.5 cm3 were significantly (P = 0.032) more likely to resolve with treatment than larger sarcoids. Sarcoids that were not responsive to previous therapies were significantly (P = 0.007) more likely to recur after 3 years than sarcoids that had not been treated prior to this study. In this study, there were similar rates of resolution in cases with @entity0 (66.6%) when compared to cases with single @entity0 (60%). The numbers in this study were too small to properly evaluate the effect of @entity0 location on the success of treatment. Intratumoural @entity1 appeared to have resolved sarcoids in 9 of 13 cases (61.5%) as determined by follow up conversation with the owners 3 years after the initial treatment. CONCLUSION: The use of intratumoural @entity1 compares favourably with other treatment modalities for sarcoids, with a long term successful resolution rate of 61.5%. Owners should be warned that resistant sarcoids and sarcoids larger than 13.5 cm3 have a poorer prognosis for resolution and more aggressive therapeutic options should be considered.

title: The efficacy of intratumoural XXXX for the treatment of @entity2 sarcoids.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the additional value of subtraction ictal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) coregistered to MRI (SISCOM) for localization of the epileptogenic zone in @entity0 with drug-resistant @entity1 scheduled for invasive video-EEG (VEEG) before @entity1 surgery by a descriptive study from clinical practice. METHODS: Forty-nine consecutive @entity1 @entity0 between January 2000 and March 2006 were included. Thirty-six of the 49 @entity0 were offered surgery, and 34 underwent resective surgery during the study period. Localizing and outcome data are presented from 31 @entity0 with a follow-up period of >or=12 months. Successful ictal SPECT was performed in 26 @entity0 , and SISCOM showed significant hyperperfusions with 3.5 SD above reference. Twenty @entity0 had SISCOM-guided electrode placement, invasive monitoring, and 1-year postsurgical follow-up data. Two independent epileptologists evaluated whether SISCOM results (a) altered the hypothesis and extended the strategy for electrode placement at invasive recording, or (b) were confirmatory of other localizing data and did not alter the strategy. We defined that SISCOM had an impact on @entity2 outcome if the @entity2 -onset zone was seen in electrodes overlying a brain region with a significant hyperperfusion. When SISCOM was concordant with ictal onset in the extended electrodes, SISCOM was considered a prerequisite for the outcome at postoperative follow-up. RESULTS: SISCOM findings altered and extended the strategy for electrode placement at invasive recording in 15 @entity0 (group A). SISCOM was a prerequisite for @entity2 outcome in all six @entity0 with favorable outcomes. Nine @entity0 had poor results from surgery in this group; SISCOM was concordant with invasive VEEG in six @entity0 , and discordant with invasive VEEG in three @entity0 . SISCOM findings were confirmatory with other localizing data and did not alter the strategy at invasive recording in five @entity0 (group B). Two @entity0 had favorable surgical outcomes. In this group, three @entity0 had poor results; SISCOM and other localizing findings were concordant with invasive VEEG in one @entity0 and discordant with invasive VEEG in two @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: SISCOM is valuable for the identification of the epileptogenic zone in @entity0 with drug-resistant @entity1 scheduled for invasive VEEG. SISCOM analysis was either a prerequisite for favorable result or concordant with other localizing methods in all @entity0 with favorable @entity2 outcome at 1 year of follow-up [40%; confidence interval (CI), 19-64).

title: Does SISCOM contribute to favorable XXXX outcome after @entity1 surgery?

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the additional value of subtraction ictal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) coregistered to MRI (SISCOM) for localization of the epileptogenic zone in @entity0 with drug-resistant @entity1 scheduled for invasive video-EEG (VEEG) before @entity1 surgery by a descriptive study from clinical practice. METHODS: Forty-nine consecutive @entity1 @entity0 between January 2000 and March 2006 were included. Thirty-six of the 49 @entity0 were offered surgery, and 34 underwent resective surgery during the study period. Localizing and outcome data are presented from 31 @entity0 with a follow-up period of >or=12 months. Successful ictal SPECT was performed in 26 @entity0 , and SISCOM showed significant hyperperfusions with 3.5 SD above reference. Twenty @entity0 had SISCOM-guided electrode placement, invasive monitoring, and 1-year postsurgical follow-up data. Two independent epileptologists evaluated whether SISCOM results (a) altered the hypothesis and extended the strategy for electrode placement at invasive recording, or (b) were confirmatory of other localizing data and did not alter the strategy. We defined that SISCOM had an impact on @entity2 outcome if the @entity2 -onset zone was seen in electrodes overlying a brain region with a significant hyperperfusion. When SISCOM was concordant with ictal onset in the extended electrodes, SISCOM was considered a prerequisite for the outcome at postoperative follow-up. RESULTS: SISCOM findings altered and extended the strategy for electrode placement at invasive recording in 15 @entity0 (group A). SISCOM was a prerequisite for @entity2 outcome in all six @entity0 with favorable outcomes. Nine @entity0 had poor results from surgery in this group; SISCOM was concordant with invasive VEEG in six @entity0 , and discordant with invasive VEEG in three @entity0 . SISCOM findings were confirmatory with other localizing data and did not alter the strategy at invasive recording in five @entity0 (group B). Two @entity0 had favorable surgical outcomes. In this group, three @entity0 had poor results; SISCOM and other localizing findings were concordant with invasive VEEG in one @entity0 and discordant with invasive VEEG in two @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: SISCOM is valuable for the identification of the epileptogenic zone in @entity0 with drug-resistant @entity1 scheduled for invasive VEEG. SISCOM analysis was either a prerequisite for favorable result or concordant with other localizing methods in all @entity0 with favorable @entity2 outcome at 1 year of follow-up [40%; confidence interval (CI), 19-64).

title: Does SISCOM contribute to favorable @entity2 outcome after XXXX surgery?

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the concentration of @entity1 (NO) and the location and change in the expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) isoforms in the testes of subfertile @entity0 with varicocele, and to compare the NO concentration or @entity3 expression with clinical variables, to determine the role of NO on the pathophysiology of varicocele. @entity0 AND METHODS: In all, 27 @entity0 who had a left varicocelectomy and five with 'normal' spermatogenesis (controls) who had scrotal surgery for other reasons were enrolled. Intratesticular fluid was taken from the @entity0 and the NO concentration determined colorimetrically. The expression and location of @entity3 isoforms were examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, using testicular biopsy specimens, and @entity2 -diaphorase ( @entity2 -d) staining used to identify NO-producing cells. The relationship between the NO concentration and the expression of @entity3 isoforms or clinicopathological variables was investigated. RESULTS: In testes with grade 2 and 3 varicoceles there were significant increases in the concentration of NO or the expression of inducible @entity3 . There was no change in the expressions of endothelial @entity3 , which is located in vascular endothelial cells, while @entity2 -d activity was mainly located in these cells. The concentration of NO was significantly correlated with the maximum and total vein diameter (both P<0.01). In @entity0 aged>35 years, the concentration of NO significantly correlated with a deterioration in total motile sperm count (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Increased production of NO in the testis is involved in the enlargement of varicocele and indirectly deteriorates spermatogenesis.

title: XXXX produced in the testis is involved in dilatation of the internal spermatic vein that compromises spermatogenesis in infertile @entity0 with varicocele.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the concentration of @entity1 (NO) and the location and change in the expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) isoforms in the testes of subfertile @entity0 with varicocele, and to compare the NO concentration or @entity3 expression with clinical variables, to determine the role of NO on the pathophysiology of varicocele. @entity0 AND METHODS: In all, 27 @entity0 who had a left varicocelectomy and five with 'normal' spermatogenesis (controls) who had scrotal surgery for other reasons were enrolled. Intratesticular fluid was taken from the @entity0 and the NO concentration determined colorimetrically. The expression and location of @entity3 isoforms were examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, using testicular biopsy specimens, and @entity2 -diaphorase ( @entity2 -d) staining used to identify NO-producing cells. The relationship between the NO concentration and the expression of @entity3 isoforms or clinicopathological variables was investigated. RESULTS: In testes with grade 2 and 3 varicoceles there were significant increases in the concentration of NO or the expression of inducible @entity3 . There was no change in the expressions of endothelial @entity3 , which is located in vascular endothelial cells, while @entity2 -d activity was mainly located in these cells. The concentration of NO was significantly correlated with the maximum and total vein diameter (both P<0.01). In @entity0 aged>35 years, the concentration of NO significantly correlated with a deterioration in total motile sperm count (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Increased production of NO in the testis is involved in the enlargement of varicocele and indirectly deteriorates spermatogenesis.

title: @entity1 produced in the testis is involved in dilatation of the internal spermatic vein that compromises spermatogenesis in infertile XXXX with varicocele.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Recent studies indicate that @entity7 ( @entity7 ) rely on @entity6 3-kinase/ @entity5 activation to promote cell proliferation and survival; therefore, targeting @entity5 may provide new therapeutic options. We have previously shown that AR42, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, potently suppresses VS growth in vitro at doses correlating with @entity5 inactivation. The objectives of the current study were translational: 1) to examine the end biologic effects of AR42 on @entity1 growth in vivo, 2) to validate @entity5 as its in vivo molecular target, 3) to determine whether AR42 penetrates the @entity8 ) to study the pharmacotoxicity profile of AR42. STUDY DESIGN: In vivo @entity2 studies. METHODS: AR42 was dosed orally in @entity2 @entity4 allografts and @entity0 VS xenografts. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify changes in @entity1 volume, and intracellular molecular targets were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. @entity8 penetration was assayed, and both blood-chemistry measurements and histology studies were used to evaluate @entity3 . RESULTS: Growth of @entity4 implants was dramatically decreased by AR42 at doses correlating with @entity5 dephosphorylation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. AR42 penetrated the @entity8 , and wild-type @entity2 fed AR42 for 6 months behaved normally and gained weight appropriately. Blood-chemistry studies and organ histology performed after 3 and 6 months of AR42 treatment demonstrated no clinically significant abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: AR42 suppresses @entity4 growth at doses correlating with @entity5 pathway inhibition. This orally bioavailable drug penetrates the @entity8 , is well tolerated, and represents a novel candidate for translation to @entity0 VS clinical trials.

title: Preclinical validation of AR42, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, as treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is common in knee surgery, and it has been assumed that @entity4 by tourniquet in itself may induce thrombogenic and fibrinolytic activity. Prophylactic treatment is used up to 12 h before or after surgery, and recent clinical trials suggest that the timing of initiating prophylaxis significantly influences antithrombotic effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the time course of coagulation and fibrinolysis locally and systemically during total knee arthroplasty. Specific markers of @entity2 (prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F1.2)) and fibrinolysis (plasmin-antiplasmin ( @entity3 ) and D-dimer) were examined in seven female and two male @entity0 . RESULTS: There were no systemic activations of either F1.2 (P = 0.314), @entity3 (P = 0.314) or D-dimer (P = 0.600) during surgery or at 10 min postoperatively (P = 0.139, 0.139 and 0.128, respectively) as compared to baseline data. At 4 h postoperatively there were significant increments in levels of F1.2 (P = 0.008), @entity3 (P = 0.038) and D-dimer (P = 0.046). With tourniquet deflation the values of F1.2, @entity3 and D-dimer were significantly higher in the tourniquet limb than the in the contra lateral limb (P = 0.025, 0.012 and 0.028, respectively). At 10 min after tourniquet deflation, the differences in F1.2, @entity3 and D-dimer between the two limbs were not significant. CONCLUSION: The use of tourniquet in total knee arthroplasty causes local thrombogenic and fibrinolytic activity, but without influences in the systemic circulation. Systemic activations in @entity2 and fibrinolysis start when local mediators from the injured limb are released after tourniquet deflation.

title: Time course of XXXX and fibrinolysis in total knee arthroplasty with tourniquet application. Local versus systemic activations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between severity of preoperative radiographic findings and surgical outcomes following decompression for @entity3 is unclear. Our aim in this paper was to gain insight into this relationship. We determined pre-operative radiographic severity on MRI scans using strict methodological controls and correlated such severity with post-operative outcomes using prospectively collected data. METHODS: Twenty-seven consecutive @entity0 undergoing decompression for isolated @entity1 at L4-L5 were included. We measured cross-sectional area on MRI using the technique of Hamanishi. We categorized the severity of @entity2 using Laurencin and Lipson's 'Stenosis Ratio'. We determined pre-operative status (prospectively) and post-operative outcomes using Weiner and Fraser's 'Neurogenic Claudication Outcome Score'. We determined @entity0 satisfaction using standardized questionnaires. Each of these is a validated measure. Formal statistical evaluation was undertaken. RESULTS: No @entity0 (0 of 14) with a greater than 50% reduction in cross-sectional area on pre-operative MRI had unsatisfactory outcomes. In contrast, outcomes for @entity0 with less than or equal to 50% reduction in cross-sectional area had unsatifactory outcomes in 6 of 13 cases, with all but one negative outcome having a cross-sectional area reduction between 32% and 47%. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that there appears to be a relationship between severity of @entity2 and outcomes of decompressive surgery such that @entity0 with a greater than 50% reduction in cross sectional area are more likely to have a successful outcome.

title: Outcomes of decompression for lumbar spinal canal XXXX based upon preoperative radiographic severity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity9 is a rare @entity6 . The clinical signs and symptoms of the disease are primarily mediated by cytokines, especially @entity5 . We presented the case of a young female. In May 2004, a 30-year-old otherwise healthy looking @entity0 presented with oral ulcerations resistant to topical and systemic antibiotic and antimycotic treatment. Bullous mucosal lichen or @entity8 were suspected. Histological examination and direct and indirect immunofluorescence confirmed the diagnosis of @entity8 . Search for @entity1 revealed a retroperitoneal @entity1 sized 15 x 6 x 5 cm in the abdominal MRI. The @entity1 was a bleeder, so the removal was partial. Histological examination showed @entity9 . Considering her young, fertile age and the multicentric @entity9 , non-cytostatic immunomodulatory therapy was started including @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity7 treatment. The control abdominal CT showed a small @entity1 on the bladder. The @entity1 was removed in repeated surgery. At this time the histological examination showed @entity1 between plasma cell and vascular variant. Currently, i.e. 4 years after the onset of the disease. @entity4 PET/CT examination showed low metabolic active mass in the right iliacal region, but our @entity0 had no symptoms or complaints. She is on 200 mg @entity7 a day and no @entity1 progression can be seen. @entity9 can be successfully treated with non-cytostatic immunomodulatory therapy.

title: Successful immunomodulatory therapy in XXXX with @entity8 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity9 is a rare @entity6 . The clinical signs and symptoms of the disease are primarily mediated by cytokines, especially @entity5 . We presented the case of a young female. In May 2004, a 30-year-old otherwise healthy looking @entity0 presented with oral ulcerations resistant to topical and systemic antibiotic and antimycotic treatment. Bullous mucosal lichen or @entity8 were suspected. Histological examination and direct and indirect immunofluorescence confirmed the diagnosis of @entity8 . Search for @entity1 revealed a retroperitoneal @entity1 sized 15 x 6 x 5 cm in the abdominal MRI. The @entity1 was a bleeder, so the removal was partial. Histological examination showed @entity9 . Considering her young, fertile age and the multicentric @entity9 , non-cytostatic immunomodulatory therapy was started including @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity7 treatment. The control abdominal CT showed a small @entity1 on the bladder. The @entity1 was removed in repeated surgery. At this time the histological examination showed @entity1 between plasma cell and vascular variant. Currently, i.e. 4 years after the onset of the disease. @entity4 PET/CT examination showed low metabolic active mass in the right iliacal region, but our @entity0 had no symptoms or complaints. She is on 200 mg @entity7 a day and no @entity1 progression can be seen. @entity9 can be successfully treated with non-cytostatic immunomodulatory therapy.

title: Successful immunomodulatory therapy in @entity9 with XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is the most common cause of @entity1 mortality and morbidity for @entity0 in Botswana. Yet, little is known about what @entity0 believe to be the causes of the disease. AIM: This paper presents data on factors @entity0 in Botswana believe are responsible for the high incidence of @entity1 in their country. Data were part of a larger study that explored knowledge and perceptions about @entity1 and Pap smear screening from the perspectives of the clients and the healthcare providers. METHODS: The study that generated the data included 30 @entity0 of all socio-economic levels, recruited by network sampling. The @entity0 's ages ranged from 31 to 54 years. Demographic data were analysed descriptively. Individualized interview data were content-analysed. FINDINGS: The identified causes of @entity1 were classified as cervical irritants and non-irritants. The most commonly cited cervical irritants were vaginally inserted chemical agents and traditional medicine. DISCUSSIONS: @entity0 identified vaginally inserted chemical substances and traditional medicines as possible explanations for the high incidence of @entity1 in Botswana. They reported that @entity0 used these substances for @entity2 . Although these factors are believed to be the causes of @entity1 and have not yet been medically acknowledged, verbal reports suggest that their use is problematic. CONCLUSION: There is a need for health education and for further research to affirm @entity0 's beliefs about the harmful effects of intravaginal agents.

title: Beliefs about the causes of XXXX in Botswana: implications for nursing.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this work is to study the functional sequelae after @entity3 ( @entity3 ) to analyze its impact and relationship with the degree of @entity4 , from the neurophysiological point of view. METHODS: We present a retrospective study which includes a total of 150 cases of @entity3 . All @entity0 underwent electroneurography and electromyography to see the degree of @entity1 and to evaluate the existence of signs of reinervation in the muscles explored or possible innervation errors. RESULTS: Of the @entity0 studied, 31.9% (46) had sequelae; 67.4% (31) were @entity0 , a statistically significant result (P=.031). Of all the sequelae, the most frequent was miochymia which appeared in 24% of cases (36). @entity0 with left side involvement presented a higher number of sequelae (40.3%, 27 cases) with a statistically significant difference (P=.05). The average rate of @entity1 on first visit by @entity0 who subsequently developed sequelae was 75.26%; worse results on electroneurography were statistically associated with the onset of sequelae (P=.007). Electromyography of @entity0 with sequelae shows that a greater degree of denervation could be considered a risk factor for the occurrence of sequelae (P=.039). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: In our study we found that sequelae are more frequent after @entity5 when there is significant @entity2 . This work shows other risk factors so far not mentioned in the literature, such as female gender and left-side involvement.

title: [Sequelae of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to particulate matter is a risk factor for @entity3 but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study we sought to investigate the cardiopulmonary responses on spontaneously @entity4 @entity0 (SHRs) following inhalation of UfCPs (24 h, 172 mug.m-3), to assess whether compromised animals (SHR) exhibit a different response pattern compared to the previously studied healthy @entity0 (WKY). METHODS: Cardiophysiological response in SHRs was analyzed using radiotelemetry. Blood pressure (BP) and its biomarkers plasma @entity7 -angiotensin system were also assessed. Lung and cardiac mRNA expressions for markers of oxidative stress ( @entity8 ), @entity5 (tissue factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), and endothelial function ( @entity6 , and endothelin receptors A and B) were analyzed following UfCPs exposure in SHRs. UfCPs-mediated inflammatory responses were assessed from broncho-alveolar-lavage fluid (BALF). RESULTS: Increased BP and heart rate (HR) by about 5% with a lag of 1-3 days were detected in UfCPs exposed SHRs. Inflammatory markers of BALF, lung (pulmonary) and blood (systemic) were not affected. However, mRNA expression of @entity8 , @entity6 , endothelin receptors A and B, tissue factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor showed a significant induction (~2.5-fold; p < 0.05) with @entity6 being the maximally induced factor (6-fold; p < 0.05) on the third recovery day in the lungs of UfCPs exposed SHRs; while all of these factors - except @entity8 - were not affected in cardiac tissues. Strikingly, the UfCPs-mediated altered BP is paralleled by the induction of @entity7 -angiotensin system in plasma. CONCLUSION: Our finding shows that UfCPs exposure at levels which does not induce detectable @entity1 , triggers distinct effects in the lung and also at the systemic level in compromised SHRs. These effects are characterized by increased activity of plasma @entity7 -angiotensin system and circulating white blood cells together with moderate @entity4 and decreases in heart rate variability. This systemic effect is associated with pulmonary, but not cardiac, mRNA induction of biomarkers reflective of oxidative stress; activation of vasoconstriction, stimulation of @entity5 factors, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. Thus, UfCPs may cause @entity2 , in the absence of detectable @entity1 , in individuals suffering from preexisting @entity2 .

title: Exposure to ultrafine carbon particles at levels below detectable @entity1 affects cardiovascular performance in spontaneously XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to particulate matter is a risk factor for @entity3 but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study we sought to investigate the cardiopulmonary responses on spontaneously @entity4 @entity0 (SHRs) following inhalation of UfCPs (24 h, 172 mug.m-3), to assess whether compromised animals (SHR) exhibit a different response pattern compared to the previously studied healthy @entity0 (WKY). METHODS: Cardiophysiological response in SHRs was analyzed using radiotelemetry. Blood pressure (BP) and its biomarkers plasma @entity7 -angiotensin system were also assessed. Lung and cardiac mRNA expressions for markers of oxidative stress ( @entity8 ), @entity5 (tissue factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), and endothelial function ( @entity6 , and endothelin receptors A and B) were analyzed following UfCPs exposure in SHRs. UfCPs-mediated inflammatory responses were assessed from broncho-alveolar-lavage fluid (BALF). RESULTS: Increased BP and heart rate (HR) by about 5% with a lag of 1-3 days were detected in UfCPs exposed SHRs. Inflammatory markers of BALF, lung (pulmonary) and blood (systemic) were not affected. However, mRNA expression of @entity8 , @entity6 , endothelin receptors A and B, tissue factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor showed a significant induction (~2.5-fold; p < 0.05) with @entity6 being the maximally induced factor (6-fold; p < 0.05) on the third recovery day in the lungs of UfCPs exposed SHRs; while all of these factors - except @entity8 - were not affected in cardiac tissues. Strikingly, the UfCPs-mediated altered BP is paralleled by the induction of @entity7 -angiotensin system in plasma. CONCLUSION: Our finding shows that UfCPs exposure at levels which does not induce detectable @entity1 , triggers distinct effects in the lung and also at the systemic level in compromised SHRs. These effects are characterized by increased activity of plasma @entity7 -angiotensin system and circulating white blood cells together with moderate @entity4 and decreases in heart rate variability. This systemic effect is associated with pulmonary, but not cardiac, mRNA induction of biomarkers reflective of oxidative stress; activation of vasoconstriction, stimulation of @entity5 factors, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. Thus, UfCPs may cause @entity2 , in the absence of detectable @entity1 , in individuals suffering from preexisting @entity2 .

title: Exposure to ultrafine carbon particles at levels below detectable XXXX affects cardiovascular performance in spontaneously @entity4 @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to particulate matter is a risk factor for @entity3 but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study we sought to investigate the cardiopulmonary responses on spontaneously @entity4 @entity0 (SHRs) following inhalation of UfCPs (24 h, 172 mug.m-3), to assess whether compromised animals (SHR) exhibit a different response pattern compared to the previously studied healthy @entity0 (WKY). METHODS: Cardiophysiological response in SHRs was analyzed using radiotelemetry. Blood pressure (BP) and its biomarkers plasma @entity7 -angiotensin system were also assessed. Lung and cardiac mRNA expressions for markers of oxidative stress ( @entity8 ), @entity5 (tissue factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), and endothelial function ( @entity6 , and endothelin receptors A and B) were analyzed following UfCPs exposure in SHRs. UfCPs-mediated inflammatory responses were assessed from broncho-alveolar-lavage fluid (BALF). RESULTS: Increased BP and heart rate (HR) by about 5% with a lag of 1-3 days were detected in UfCPs exposed SHRs. Inflammatory markers of BALF, lung (pulmonary) and blood (systemic) were not affected. However, mRNA expression of @entity8 , @entity6 , endothelin receptors A and B, tissue factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor showed a significant induction (~2.5-fold; p < 0.05) with @entity6 being the maximally induced factor (6-fold; p < 0.05) on the third recovery day in the lungs of UfCPs exposed SHRs; while all of these factors - except @entity8 - were not affected in cardiac tissues. Strikingly, the UfCPs-mediated altered BP is paralleled by the induction of @entity7 -angiotensin system in plasma. CONCLUSION: Our finding shows that UfCPs exposure at levels which does not induce detectable @entity1 , triggers distinct effects in the lung and also at the systemic level in compromised SHRs. These effects are characterized by increased activity of plasma @entity7 -angiotensin system and circulating white blood cells together with moderate @entity4 and decreases in heart rate variability. This systemic effect is associated with pulmonary, but not cardiac, mRNA induction of biomarkers reflective of oxidative stress; activation of vasoconstriction, stimulation of @entity5 factors, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. Thus, UfCPs may cause @entity2 , in the absence of detectable @entity1 , in individuals suffering from preexisting @entity2 .

title: Exposure to ultrafine carbon particles at levels below detectable @entity1 affects cardiovascular performance in spontaneously @entity4 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Reasons of the important impact of socioeconomic status on @entity0 prognosis are far from established. This study aims to evaluate and explain the social disparities in @entity0 survival in the Swiss canton of Geneva, where healthcare costs and life expectancy are among the highest in the world. This population-based study included all 3,920 female residents of Geneva, who were diagnosed with invasive @entity0 before the age of 70 years between 1980 and 2000. @entity1 were divided into 4 socioeconomic groups, according to the @entity1 's last occupation. We used Cox multivariate regression analysis to identify reasons for the socioeconomic inequalities in @entity0 survival. Compared to @entity1 of high social class, those of low social class had an increased risk (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.4, 95% CI: 1.6-3.5) of dying as a result of @entity0 . These @entity1 were more often foreigners, less frequently had screen-detected @entity2 and were at more advanced stage at diagnosis. They less frequently underwent breast-conserving surgery, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy, in particular, in case of axillary lymph node involvement. When adjusting for all these factors, @entity1 of low social class still had a significantly increased risk of dying of @entity0 (HR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.6). Overmortality linked to low SES is only partly explained by delayed diagnosis, unfavorable @entity2 characteristics and suboptimal treatments. Other factors, not measured in this study, also could play a role. While waiting for the outcome of other researches, we should consider socioeconomic status as an independent prognostic factor and provide intensified support and surveillance to @entity1 of low social class.

title: Social class is an important and independent prognostic factor of XXXX mortality.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A policy of weekly faecal cultures for @entity3 -resistant enterococci (VRE) was instituted following the investigation of an outbreak of VRE in our neonatal intensive care unit in 2005. We found that 11 of 18 @entity0 were infected or colonised during the outbreak, including three cases of @entity1 and one case of @entity2 . This report describes the utility of the surveillance policy in maintaining a VRE-free environment. The outbreak investigation showed that all VRE isolated were @entity5 of the vanA type. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested that the outbreak was caused by a single strain. Control of the outbreak was achieved by enhanced contact isolation precautions, cohorting of @entity0 and staff, improved environmental decontamination and closure of the unit to new admissions. The @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity2 were treated successfully with @entity4 . Approximately one year after the outbreak, weekly surveillance detected two @entity0 with faecal carriage of VRE whose periods of admission overlapped. Early intensive intervention was associated with disappearance of the organism from the neonatal intensive care unit. No further cases of colonisation or disease have occurred in the unit in the two and a half years since then.

title: Elimination of XXXX -resistant enterococci from a neonatal intensive care unit following an outbreak.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Advances in surgery permit for earlier intervention with improved outcomes for @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Many @entity0 still appear to be referred to surgery late in their course. Consensus guidelines were compared with the surgical referral practices for @entity2 among Canadian cardiologists. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to all adult cardiologists in Canada. This included seven case scenarios, as well as direct questions designed to establish the influence of factors including @entity3 , @entity1 , left ventricular (LV) dilation, experience of the cardiac surgeon, symptoms and ejection fraction (EF) on referral. RESULTS: There were 319 respondents; LVEF was rated as extremely important in 71.5% of @entity0 and moderately important in 26% of @entity0 . In asymptomatic @entity0 , EF of 50% to 60% was correctly identified as a trigger for surgery by 57.2 % of cardiologists, while only 15.6% of cardiologists correctly referred New York Heart Association class II @entity0 with normal LV function. The group complied in only 4.77 of the seven case scenarios. Compliance was inversely related to years in practice for asymptomatic @entity0 with mild @entity4 , as well as in overall compliance. Referral practices were similar among clinicians, echocardiographers, interventional cardiologists and researchers, with no differences in geographic region or academic affiliation. CONCLUSION: Compliance with published guidelines for @entity0 with @entity2 and either New York Heart Association class II or mild @entity4 among Canadian cardiologists was poor. Compliance was somewhat better in more recent graduates, suggesting the need to institute programs geared at enhancing knowledge of published standards and introduce practical tools to aid in their implementation.

title: XXXX : determinants of referral for cardiac surgery by Canadian cardiologists.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the pathophysiology of ghrelin secretion in @entity2 -deficient adults treated with @entity2 , and the relationship between plasma ghrelin and @entity4 induced by an oral @entity1 load has not been investigated in these @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: In the present study we examined the relationship between plasma ghrelin, @entity3 , C-peptide and leptin after an oral @entity1 load in @entity2 -deficient adults receiving treatment with @entity2 . METHODS: Plasma ghrelin, leptin, @entity3 , C-peptide and blood @entity1 were measured before and then at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the ingestion of @entity1 (75 g orally) in 20 @entity2 -deficient adults (12 @entity0 and 8 @entity0 ), who had been treated with @entity2 for 7.2 +/- 1.3 years (mean +/- SE). Plasma ghrelin was also determined before and after the @entity1 load in 10 age-and weight-matched healthy @entity0 (5 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 ). RESULTS: The oral @entity1 load induced a similar percent suppression of plasma ghrelin in the @entity2 -deficient @entity0 and in the healthy @entity0 . In both groups plasma ghrelin decreased significantly 30 min after the @entity1 load and remained suppressed throughout the test period. In the @entity0 plasma @entity3 (baseline, 15.9 +/- 3.9 microIU/ml) and C-peptide (baseline, 2.5 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) showed opposite changes with peak responses at 30 min ( @entity3 , 109.5 +/- 15.6 microIU/ml) or 60 min (C-peptide, 10.3 +/- 1.1 ng/ml). In these @entity0 , post- @entity1 , but not baseline plasma ghrelin levels correlated negatively with plasma @entity3 , C-peptide and blood @entity1 levels, whereas baseline plasma ghrelin correlated inversely with baseline plasma leptin. CONCLUSIONS: The similar suppression of plasma ghrelin in @entity2 -deficient @entity0 treated with @entity2 and in healthy @entity0 after an oral @entity1 load argues against disturbed regulation of ghrelin secretion in these @entity0 . The correlations between post- @entity1 plasma ghrelin, @entity3 and blood @entity1 support the existence of a previously proposed link between @entity4 (or increased blood @entity1 ) and suppression of ghrelin levels.

title: Plasma ghrelin response to an oral @entity1 load in @entity2 -deficient adults treated with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the pathophysiology of ghrelin secretion in @entity2 -deficient adults treated with @entity2 , and the relationship between plasma ghrelin and @entity4 induced by an oral @entity1 load has not been investigated in these @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: In the present study we examined the relationship between plasma ghrelin, @entity3 , C-peptide and leptin after an oral @entity1 load in @entity2 -deficient adults receiving treatment with @entity2 . METHODS: Plasma ghrelin, leptin, @entity3 , C-peptide and blood @entity1 were measured before and then at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the ingestion of @entity1 (75 g orally) in 20 @entity2 -deficient adults (12 @entity0 and 8 @entity0 ), who had been treated with @entity2 for 7.2 +/- 1.3 years (mean +/- SE). Plasma ghrelin was also determined before and after the @entity1 load in 10 age-and weight-matched healthy @entity0 (5 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 ). RESULTS: The oral @entity1 load induced a similar percent suppression of plasma ghrelin in the @entity2 -deficient @entity0 and in the healthy @entity0 . In both groups plasma ghrelin decreased significantly 30 min after the @entity1 load and remained suppressed throughout the test period. In the @entity0 plasma @entity3 (baseline, 15.9 +/- 3.9 microIU/ml) and C-peptide (baseline, 2.5 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) showed opposite changes with peak responses at 30 min ( @entity3 , 109.5 +/- 15.6 microIU/ml) or 60 min (C-peptide, 10.3 +/- 1.1 ng/ml). In these @entity0 , post- @entity1 , but not baseline plasma ghrelin levels correlated negatively with plasma @entity3 , C-peptide and blood @entity1 levels, whereas baseline plasma ghrelin correlated inversely with baseline plasma leptin. CONCLUSIONS: The similar suppression of plasma ghrelin in @entity2 -deficient @entity0 treated with @entity2 and in healthy @entity0 after an oral @entity1 load argues against disturbed regulation of ghrelin secretion in these @entity0 . The correlations between post- @entity1 plasma ghrelin, @entity3 and blood @entity1 support the existence of a previously proposed link between @entity4 (or increased blood @entity1 ) and suppression of ghrelin levels.

title: Plasma ghrelin response to an oral @entity1 load in XXXX -deficient adults treated with @entity2 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the pathophysiology of ghrelin secretion in @entity2 -deficient adults treated with @entity2 , and the relationship between plasma ghrelin and @entity4 induced by an oral @entity1 load has not been investigated in these @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: In the present study we examined the relationship between plasma ghrelin, @entity3 , C-peptide and leptin after an oral @entity1 load in @entity2 -deficient adults receiving treatment with @entity2 . METHODS: Plasma ghrelin, leptin, @entity3 , C-peptide and blood @entity1 were measured before and then at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the ingestion of @entity1 (75 g orally) in 20 @entity2 -deficient adults (12 @entity0 and 8 @entity0 ), who had been treated with @entity2 for 7.2 +/- 1.3 years (mean +/- SE). Plasma ghrelin was also determined before and after the @entity1 load in 10 age-and weight-matched healthy @entity0 (5 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 ). RESULTS: The oral @entity1 load induced a similar percent suppression of plasma ghrelin in the @entity2 -deficient @entity0 and in the healthy @entity0 . In both groups plasma ghrelin decreased significantly 30 min after the @entity1 load and remained suppressed throughout the test period. In the @entity0 plasma @entity3 (baseline, 15.9 +/- 3.9 microIU/ml) and C-peptide (baseline, 2.5 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) showed opposite changes with peak responses at 30 min ( @entity3 , 109.5 +/- 15.6 microIU/ml) or 60 min (C-peptide, 10.3 +/- 1.1 ng/ml). In these @entity0 , post- @entity1 , but not baseline plasma ghrelin levels correlated negatively with plasma @entity3 , C-peptide and blood @entity1 levels, whereas baseline plasma ghrelin correlated inversely with baseline plasma leptin. CONCLUSIONS: The similar suppression of plasma ghrelin in @entity2 -deficient @entity0 treated with @entity2 and in healthy @entity0 after an oral @entity1 load argues against disturbed regulation of ghrelin secretion in these @entity0 . The correlations between post- @entity1 plasma ghrelin, @entity3 and blood @entity1 support the existence of a previously proposed link between @entity4 (or increased blood @entity1 ) and suppression of ghrelin levels.

title: Plasma ghrelin response to an oral XXXX load in @entity2 -deficient adults treated with @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The contribution of hereditary and environmental factors to the development of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is still partly unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of these factors in a large population-based sample of twins. METHODS: The Swedish Twin Registry, containing data on twins born in the country since 1886, was cross-linked with the Inpatient Registry, providing national coverage of discharge diagnoses coded according to the @entity1 ( @entity1 ). All twins with an infrarenal @entity4 were identified. Concordance rates and tetrachoric correlations were calculated for monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. Tetrachoric correlations were calculated assuming an underlying normal distribution of liability, with multiple factors contributing additively and a threshold value that discriminates between @entity4 and no @entity4 . Higher concordance rates and correlations of liability in MZ twins than in DZ twins suggest that genetic factors influence disease development. Structural equation modeling techniques, Mx-analyses, were used to estimate the contributions of genetic effects as well as shared and nonshared environmental factors for development of @entity4 . RESULTS: There were 172,890 twins registered at the time of the study including 265 twins (81% @entity0 ; mean age 72 years; range, 48-94) with @entity4 . There were 7 MZ and 5 DZ concordant pairs as well as 44 MZ and 197 DZ discordant pairs with @entity4 . The probandwise concordance rates for MZ and DZ pairs were 24% and 4.8%, respectively. The tetrachoric correlations were 0.71 in MZ pairs and 0.31 in DZ pairs. The odds ratio (OR) was 71 (95% confidence interval [CI] 27-183) for MZ twins and 7.6 (95% CI 3.0-19) for DZ twins. In the structural equation models, genetic effects accounted for 70% (95% CI 0.33-0.83), shared environmental effects for 0% (95% CI 0-0.27), and nonshared environmental effects for 30% (95% CI 0.17-0.46) of the phenotypic variance among twins. CONCLUSION: These data provide robust epidemiologic evidence that heritability contributes to @entity2 formation. Concordances and correlations were higher in MZ compared with DZ twins, indicating genetic effects. There was a 24% probability that an MZ twin of a @entity0 with @entity4 will have the disease. The twin of an MZ twin with @entity4 had a risk of @entity4 that was 71 times that of the MZ twin of a @entity0 without @entity4 . A heritability of 70% of the total trait variance was estimated. The remaining variance was explained by nonshared environmental factors with no support for a role of shared environmental influences.

title: Genetic and environmental contributions to XXXX development in a twin population.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The present study describes a new method of evaluating the precision of surgically placed dental implants compared after virtual planning of implant positions using cone-beam computed tomography (CT) data and surgical guide templates. This method reduces radiation exposure for @entity0 participating in scientific studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three implants in 10 @entity0 with a unilateral free-end gap in the mandible (Kennedy Class II) were evaluated. After three-dimensional planning of implant position, the implant bed was prepared with a surgical guide template and transmucosal drilling. Preoperative cone-beam CT images were matched with postoperative images of the master cast with implant replicas. Deviations between planned and achieved positions were measured in position and @entity1 . RESULTS: On average, the match between planned and placed implant @entity1 was within 4.2 degrees (range, 0.0-10.0). The mean difference in distance at the implant shoulder was 0.9 mm (range, 0.0-4.5). The mean difference in distance at the implant apex was 0.6mm (range, 0.0-2.7) in the lateral/medial direction and 0.9 mm (range, 0.0-3.4) in the anterior/posterior direction. CONCLUSIONS: This alternative matching method provides reliable postoperative evaluation of differences in position and @entity1 of planned and placed implants while reducing @entity0 radiation exposure.

title: An alternative method to match planned and achieved positions of implants, after virtual planning using cone-beam CT data and surgical guide templates--a method reducing XXXX radiation exposure (part I).

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the imaging findings, with special emphasis on the magnetic resonance (MRI) findings and the clinical and radiological presentation of @entity4 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 18 @entity0 (12 @entity0 and 6 @entity0 ; mean age, 19 years) diagnosed with @entity4 . All @entity0 underwent plain-film radiography, 16 underwent MRI, and 12 underwent CT. We evaluated the location, size, pattern of @entity3 , @entity2 matrix, periosteal reaction, signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted sequences, and the presence of bone or soft-tissue @entity1 . RESULTS: The lesions were located in the distal femur (n = 6), proximal humerus (n = 5), ilium (n = 3), proximal femur, proximal tibia, patella, and scapula. Mean lesion diameter was 3.5 cm (range: 1 to 10 cm). A calcified @entity2 matrix was observed in 50% of the cases and a periosteal reaction was seen in 44%. MRI showed a homogeneous intramedullary lesion that was isointense to muscle on T1-weighted sequences. On T2-weighted sequences, the signal intensity was more variable and was always heterogeneous. Perilesional @entity1 affecting the bone and/or soft tissues was demonstrated in 94% of the cases and is a distinctive finding for this @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 should be suspected in a young @entity0 with an @entity5 . It is usually a localized lesion that often shows @entity2 matrix and periosteal reaction. CT and especially MRI are useful in the study of the extension of the lesion and in the characterization of this @entity2 . @entity4 typically shows @entity1 , periosteal reaction, and soft-tissue @entity1 .

title: [Imaging findings in XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Standard treatment for @entity2 includes catheter drainage and antibiotics. Tube drainage often fails if the fluid is loculated by fibrinous adhesions when surgical drainage is needed. Streptokinase may aid the process of @entity3 , but there have been no controlled trials to assess its efficacy. METHODS: Twenty four @entity0 with infected community acquired @entity6 were studied. All had either frankly purulent/culture or Gram stain positive pleural fluid (13 cases; 54%) or fluid which fulfilled the biochemical criteria for @entity2 . Fluid was drained with a 14F catheter. The antibiotics used were @entity7 and @entity5 or were guided by culture. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive intrapleural streptokinase, 250,000 IU daily, or control saline flushes for three days. The primary end points related to the efficacy of @entity3 --namely, the volume of pleural fluid drained and the chest radiographic response to treatment. Other end points were the number of pleural procedures needed and blood indices of @entity1 . RESULTS: The streptokinase group drained more pleural fluid both during the days of streptokinase/control treatment (mean (SD) 391 (200) ml versus 124 (44) ml; difference 267 ml, 95% confidence interval (CI) 144 to 390; p < 0.001) and overall (2564 (1663) ml versus 1059 (502) ml; difference 1505 ml, 95% CI 465 to 2545; p < 0.01). They showed greater improvement on the chest radiograph at discharge, measured as the fall in the maximum dimension of the pleural collection (6.0 (2.7) cm versus 3.4 (2.7) cm; difference 2.9 cm, 95% CI 0.3 to 4.4; p < 0.05) and the overall reduction in pleural fluid collection size (p < 0.05, two tailed Fisher's exact test). Systemic fibrinolysis and @entity4 complications did not occur. Surgery was required by three control @entity0 but none in the streptokinase group. CONCLUSIONS: Intrapleural streptokinase probably aids the treatment of @entity2 by improving @entity3 without causing systemic fibrinolysis or local @entity4 .

title: Use of fibrinolytic agents in the management of complicated XXXX and empyemas.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gradual telomere erosion eventually limits the replicative life span of somatic cells and is regarded as an ultimate @entity1 suppressor mechanism, eliminating cells that have accumulated genetic alterations. Telomerase, which has been found in over 85% of @entity0 @entity1 , elongates telomeres and may be required for tumorigenesis by the process of immortalisation. @entity5 is an incurable @entity1 with a poor prognosis. The disease becomes symptomatic decades after exposure to @entity3 fibres, suggesting the long term survival of pre-malignant cell clones. This study investigated the presence of telomerase in @entity5 , which may be the target for future anti-telomerase drugs. METHODS: Telomerase activity was semiquantitatively measured in extracts from 22 primary @entity4 , two @entity1 of the pleura, four @entity4 cell lines, and six short term mesothelial cell cultures from normal pleura using a non-isotopic dilution assay of the telomeric repeat amplification protocol. RESULTS: Twenty of the 22 primary @entity4 (91%) and all @entity1 derived @entity4 cell lines were telomerase positive. Different levels of enzyme activity were observed in the @entity1 of different histological subtypes. Telomerase activity could not be detected in the six normal mesothelial cell cultures or in the two @entity4 . Both @entity1 showed strong telomerase activity. CONCLUSIONS: Telomerase activity is found in a high proportion of @entity4 and anti-telomerase drugs might therefore be useful clinically. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that telomerase activity may be a feature of @entity2 in @entity4 and possibly in many other @entity1 .

title: Telomerase activity in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gradual telomere erosion eventually limits the replicative life span of somatic cells and is regarded as an ultimate @entity1 suppressor mechanism, eliminating cells that have accumulated genetic alterations. Telomerase, which has been found in over 85% of @entity0 @entity1 , elongates telomeres and may be required for tumorigenesis by the process of immortalisation. @entity5 is an incurable @entity1 with a poor prognosis. The disease becomes symptomatic decades after exposure to @entity3 fibres, suggesting the long term survival of pre-malignant cell clones. This study investigated the presence of telomerase in @entity5 , which may be the target for future anti-telomerase drugs. METHODS: Telomerase activity was semiquantitatively measured in extracts from 22 primary @entity4 , two @entity1 of the pleura, four @entity4 cell lines, and six short term mesothelial cell cultures from normal pleura using a non-isotopic dilution assay of the telomeric repeat amplification protocol. RESULTS: Twenty of the 22 primary @entity4 (91%) and all @entity1 derived @entity4 cell lines were telomerase positive. Different levels of enzyme activity were observed in the @entity1 of different histological subtypes. Telomerase activity could not be detected in the six normal mesothelial cell cultures or in the two @entity4 . Both @entity1 showed strong telomerase activity. CONCLUSIONS: Telomerase activity is found in a high proportion of @entity4 and anti-telomerase drugs might therefore be useful clinically. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that telomerase activity may be a feature of @entity2 in @entity4 and possibly in many other @entity1 .

title: Telomerase activity in XXXX @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a @entity2 in @entity0 , affects the biosynthesis/processing of the related intracellular organelles: lysosomes, melanosomes, and platelet dense granules. The disease is multigenic in both @entity0 and @entity1 where 14 separate genes have been demonstrated to be causative. @entity0 often die prematurely with @entity3 . @entity0 with the related @entity7 ( @entity7 ) likewise have significantly reduced life spans. Long-term survival and lung histomorphology were analyzed in a pilot experiment involving several genetically defined singly and doubly mutant @entity1 @entity6 mutants and the beige @entity7 mutant to determine whether these parameters are altered in the @entity1 models. The mutants differed widely in both longevity and lung architecture. @entity1 doubly homozygous for the @entity4 or for the @entity8 and pearl genes had the shortest life spans with none surviving the two-year experimental duration. Life spans were similarly severely reduced in the beige and gunmetal mutants. Intermediate life spans were apparent in the pearl, pallid, and @entity5 mutants whereas minimal effects were noted in ruby eye, @entity8 , light ear, and @entity5 mutants. Enlarged air spaces were noted in histologic sections of lungs of several of the mutants. For the most part, the severity of @entity3 was inversely proportional to the long-term survival of these various mutants, suggesting that lung pathology may contribute to mortality, as has been suggested for @entity0 @entity6 @entity0 .

title: Survival and lung pathology of @entity1 models of @entity6 and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a @entity2 in @entity0 , affects the biosynthesis/processing of the related intracellular organelles: lysosomes, melanosomes, and platelet dense granules. The disease is multigenic in both @entity0 and @entity1 where 14 separate genes have been demonstrated to be causative. @entity0 often die prematurely with @entity3 . @entity0 with the related @entity7 ( @entity7 ) likewise have significantly reduced life spans. Long-term survival and lung histomorphology were analyzed in a pilot experiment involving several genetically defined singly and doubly mutant @entity1 @entity6 mutants and the beige @entity7 mutant to determine whether these parameters are altered in the @entity1 models. The mutants differed widely in both longevity and lung architecture. @entity1 doubly homozygous for the @entity4 or for the @entity8 and pearl genes had the shortest life spans with none surviving the two-year experimental duration. Life spans were similarly severely reduced in the beige and gunmetal mutants. Intermediate life spans were apparent in the pearl, pallid, and @entity5 mutants whereas minimal effects were noted in ruby eye, @entity8 , light ear, and @entity5 mutants. Enlarged air spaces were noted in histologic sections of lungs of several of the mutants. For the most part, the severity of @entity3 was inversely proportional to the long-term survival of these various mutants, suggesting that lung pathology may contribute to mortality, as has been suggested for @entity0 @entity6 @entity0 .

title: Survival and lung pathology of @entity1 models of XXXX and @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a @entity2 in @entity0 , affects the biosynthesis/processing of the related intracellular organelles: lysosomes, melanosomes, and platelet dense granules. The disease is multigenic in both @entity0 and @entity1 where 14 separate genes have been demonstrated to be causative. @entity0 often die prematurely with @entity3 . @entity0 with the related @entity7 ( @entity7 ) likewise have significantly reduced life spans. Long-term survival and lung histomorphology were analyzed in a pilot experiment involving several genetically defined singly and doubly mutant @entity1 @entity6 mutants and the beige @entity7 mutant to determine whether these parameters are altered in the @entity1 models. The mutants differed widely in both longevity and lung architecture. @entity1 doubly homozygous for the @entity4 or for the @entity8 and pearl genes had the shortest life spans with none surviving the two-year experimental duration. Life spans were similarly severely reduced in the beige and gunmetal mutants. Intermediate life spans were apparent in the pearl, pallid, and @entity5 mutants whereas minimal effects were noted in ruby eye, @entity8 , light ear, and @entity5 mutants. Enlarged air spaces were noted in histologic sections of lungs of several of the mutants. For the most part, the severity of @entity3 was inversely proportional to the long-term survival of these various mutants, suggesting that lung pathology may contribute to mortality, as has been suggested for @entity0 @entity6 @entity0 .

title: Survival and lung pathology of XXXX models of @entity6 and @entity7 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanoreceptors located in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) constitute an afferent source of information toward the central nervous system. It has been proposed that @entity6 causes a disturbance in neuromuscular control, affects central programs and consequently the motor response resulting in serious @entity4 of the injured limb. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether @entity7 causes plastic changes in brain activation patterns. STUDY DESIGN: Case control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Seventeen right leg-dominant male @entity0 with @entity6 and 18 matched healthy male @entity0 with no special sport or habitual physical activity participated in this study. @entity0 selection criteria comprised a complete right unilateral anterior cruciate @entity3 > or = 6 months before testing. Brain activation was examined by using functional magnetic resonance imaging technique (1.5-T scanner). RESULTS: Results show that @entity0 with anterior cruciate @entity5 had diminished activation in several sensorimotor cortical areas and increased activation in 3 areas compared with controls: presupplementary motor area, posterior secondary somatosensory area, and posterior inferior temporal gyrus. CONCLUSION: The current study reveals that anterior cruciate @entity5 can cause reorganization of the central nervous system, suggesting that such an injury might be regarded as a neurophysiologic @entity4 , not a simple peripheral @entity1 . This evidence could explain clinical symptoms that accompany this @entity2 and lead to severe @entity4 . Understanding the pattern of brain activation after a peripheral @entity2 such as @entity2 lead to new standards in rehabilitation and motor control learning with a wide application in a number of clinical and research areas (eg, surgical procedures, @entity0 re-education, athletic training, etc).

title: XXXX causes brain plasticity: a functional MRI study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the case of a college football player with acute, atraumatic, exercise-induced @entity7 in the leg. BACKGROUND: Acute, atraumatic, exercise-induced @entity7 is an infrequently reported cause of @entity4 in the athlete. If left untreated, @entity5 can cause @entity3 . DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Chronic exertional @entity7 , medial tibial syndrome, @entity6 . TREATMENT: Treatment consists of compartment fasciotomy. UNIQUENESS: This previously healthy, but unconditioned, athlete developed severe anterolateral left @entity4 after two days of fall practice in which he was unable to run a mile in 7.5 minutes. Physical examination by the team physician revealed @entity5 , and an emergency anterolateral compartment fasciotomy was performed. Second-look d  bridement performed 48 hours later revealed no significant change in the @entity1 appearance of the anterior compartment soft tissue. Therefore, the dead muscle was completely d  brided, and a free-flap latissumus dorsi graft was used for coverage of the wound. With recovery, strength returned to normal in the lateral compartment but remained 0/5 in the anterior compartment. The @entity0 had persistent sensory loss in the distributions of the superficial and deep peroneal nerves. CONCLUSIONS: Although much less common than the more frequent causes of @entity4 (ie, chronic exertional @entity7 , medial tibial syndrome, @entity6 ), @entity5 is potentially more devastating. When the increased intracompartmental pressure within a closed tissue space exceeds capillary perfusion pressure, tissue perfusion is decreased, the soft tissue becomes @entity2 , and cells die. The most important clinical diagnostic signs of @entity7 are @entity4 with passive stretching of the compartment and @entity4 out of proportion to the results of the physical examination.

title: Acute XXXX in an athlete: a case report.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine how immediate enteral nutrition (EN) affects gut permeability and the development of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in multiply injured @entity0 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomised clinical trial. SETTING: 20-bed surgical intensive care unit (ICU), university hospital. @entity0 : 28 consecutive multiply injured @entity0 , admitted in shock and stabilised in 6 h. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were randomly assigned to EN started not later than 6 h after admission to the ICU (group A), and to EN started later than 24 h after admission (group B). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The lactulose/ @entity4 (L/M) test was performed in @entity0 on days 2 and 4 after @entity1 , and in 5 healthy volunteers. @entity2 scores were calculated daily. The mean @entity2 score from day 4 onwards was 1.84 in group A versus 2.81 in group B (p < 0.002), and was correlated with the time of initiation of EN after injury and the L/M ratio on day 2. The median L/M ratio on day 2 was 0.029 for group A and 0.045 for group B, while on day 4 it was 0.020 and 0.060, respectively. On day 2 after @entity1 , the L/M ratio was significantly higher in group B (p < 0.05) than in normal volunteers (median 0.014) and was positively correlated with the time of starting EN. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with normal volunteers, the @entity0 started on EN later than 24 h after admission to the ICU demonstrated increased intestinal permeability on the second day after sustaining @entity3 . Also, they had a more severe form of @entity2 than the group placed on EN immediately upon admission. However, early EN had no influence on the length of ICU stay or the time of mechanical ventilation.

title: Effects of early enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability and the development of @entity2 after XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine how immediate enteral nutrition (EN) affects gut permeability and the development of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in multiply injured @entity0 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomised clinical trial. SETTING: 20-bed surgical intensive care unit (ICU), university hospital. @entity0 : 28 consecutive multiply injured @entity0 , admitted in shock and stabilised in 6 h. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were randomly assigned to EN started not later than 6 h after admission to the ICU (group A), and to EN started later than 24 h after admission (group B). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The lactulose/ @entity4 (L/M) test was performed in @entity0 on days 2 and 4 after @entity1 , and in 5 healthy volunteers. @entity2 scores were calculated daily. The mean @entity2 score from day 4 onwards was 1.84 in group A versus 2.81 in group B (p < 0.002), and was correlated with the time of initiation of EN after injury and the L/M ratio on day 2. The median L/M ratio on day 2 was 0.029 for group A and 0.045 for group B, while on day 4 it was 0.020 and 0.060, respectively. On day 2 after @entity1 , the L/M ratio was significantly higher in group B (p < 0.05) than in normal volunteers (median 0.014) and was positively correlated with the time of starting EN. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with normal volunteers, the @entity0 started on EN later than 24 h after admission to the ICU demonstrated increased intestinal permeability on the second day after sustaining @entity3 . Also, they had a more severe form of @entity2 than the group placed on EN immediately upon admission. However, early EN had no influence on the length of ICU stay or the time of mechanical ventilation.

title: Effects of early enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability and the development of XXXX after @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A @entity0 salivary intercalated duct cell line (HSG) is capable of morphological change to acinar-type cells, and of salivary amylase ( @entity2 ) expression, by culturing on basement membrane extracts (BME). The aim of this study was to determine the critical conditions for functional and morphological differentiation of HSG cells and to establish if the processes are related. Cells were grown on BMEs that had different protein concentrations and growth factor content, and then examined with respect to morphology and @entity2 expression. To investigate the role of intracellular @entity1 in amylase expression, a pcDNA3.1-TRPC1alpha construct was used to overexpress htrp1alpha, which mediates the store-operated @entity1 entry in HSG cells. Expression of the @entity2 , TRPC1alpha and beta genes was quantified by means of real time RT-PCR. Growth factor-reduced BME (12.8 mg/ml) induced multicellular acinar structures with lumen formation but without stimulation of either @entity2 or @entity3 . HSG cells cultured on higher concentration BME (17.5 or 16.4 mg/ml) formed reticular networks. @entity2 expression increased both on growth factor-reduced BME (17.5 mg/ml: 3.0-fold, P < 0.001) and on regular BME (16.4 mg/ml: 3.7-fold, P < 0.001) accompanied by a slight increase in expression of TRPC1alpha and TRPC1beta. Overexpression of htrp1alpha did not cause any significant changes in AMY expression, though it attenuated the BME (17.5 mg/ml)-induced @entity2 upregulation. Overall, the higher protein concentration BME favors amylase expression in HSG cells, whereas the lower concentration causes marked morphological changes.

title: Morphological and functional differentiation of HSG cells: role of extracellular matrix and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Following @entity2 diagnosis, linkage to outpatient treatment, antiretroviral initiation, and longitudinal retention in care represent the foundation for successful treatment. While prior studies have evaluated these processes in isolation, a systematic evaluation of successive steps in the same cohort of @entity0 has not yet been performed. To ensure optimal long-term outcomes, a better understanding of the interplay of these processes is needed. Therefore, a retrospective cohort study of @entity0 initiating outpatient care at the University of Alabama at Birmingham 1917 @entity2 = @entity4 Clinic between January 2000 and December 2005 was undertaken. Multivariable models determined factors associated with: late diagnosis=linkage to care (initial @entity1 < 350 cells=mm3), timely antiretroviral initiation, and retention across the first two years of care. Delayed linkage was observed in two-thirds of the overall sample (n = 567) and was associated with older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31 per 10 years; 95%confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-1.62) and African American race (OR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.60-3.74). Attending all clinic visits (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.45; 95% CI = 4.47-9.31) and lower initial @entity1 counts led to earlier antiretroviral initiation. Worse retention in the first 2 years was associated with younger age (OR = 0.68 per 10 years;95% CI = 0.56-0.83), higher baseline @entity1 count, and @entity3 (OR = 1.78; 95% CI = 1.16-2.73). Interventions to improve timely @entity2 diagnosis and linkage to care should focus on older @entity0 and African Americans while efforts to improve retention should address younger @entity0 , those with higher baseline @entity1 counts, and @entity3 . Missed clinic visits represent an important obstacle to the timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy. These data inform development of interventions to improve linkage and retention in @entity2 care, an emerging area of growing importance.

title: The therapeutic implications of timely linkage and early retention in XXXX care.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current 3rd edition of the Italian Society of Nephrology guidelines has been drawn up to summarize evidence of key intervention issues on the basis of systematic reviews (SR) of randomized trials (RCT) or RCT data only. In the present guideline, evidence of optimal haemoglobin (Hb) target levels in @entity2 ( @entity2 ), either for pre-dialysis, dialysis or renal transplanted @entity0 , is presented. METHODS: SR of RCT and RCT on different Hb target levels in @entity0 with @entity2 were identified, referring to a Cochrane Library and Renal Health Library search (2005 update). Quality of SR and RCT was assessed according to current methodological standards. RESULTS: Four SR (19 RCT) were found addressing the point. Methodological quality of available trials was suboptimal. In @entity2 @entity0 (non-dialysis @entity0 ) Hb targets of 11.3 g/dL should be preferred to Hb >13.5 g/dL (evidence from RCT). A Hb target of 11.0-11.5 g/dL should be preferred in @entity2 @entity0 receiving dialysis treatment without significant @entity1 , since no survival benefits has been showed with Hb >14 g/dL (evidence from RCT). The optimal Hb target in haemodialysis @entity0 with severe @entity1 should be 10.0-10.5 g/dL (evidence from SR). Increases in Hb target lev-els are associated with improved quality of life, although this was mainly noticed in observational studies and in few RCT often relying on unvalidated quality of life assessment scales. CONCLUSION: In @entity2 @entity0 current available evidence supports the hypothesis that optimal Hb targets should be low to subnormal.

title: [Haemoglobin targets for XXXX : guideline from the Italian Society of Nephrology].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2 results in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which in turn produce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines for tissue remodelling. This study explored the transcriptional induction of the @entity5 gene by @entity1 factor-alpha ( @entity3 ) in HSCs. METHODS: The LI90 @entity0 HSC line was used in the present study. Gelatin zymography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Northern blotting and gene promoter-reporter assays were used to analyse the induction of @entity5 protein, mRNA expression and gene transcription respectively. Deletional or site-directed mutations were introduced into the promoter region and transiently transfected into LI90 cells to determine the cis-acting elements necessary for @entity3 inducibility. Gel shift mobility assays were used to determine the transcriptional factors involved in the @entity3 responsiveness. RESULTS: @entity3 upregulated @entity5 protein and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. A time-course experiment revealed a rapid induction of @entity5 mRNA expression after @entity3 treatment. Mutation in a putative nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-binding site at -2541 bp almost completely abolished the @entity3 response to @entity5 gene-promoter activity, suggesting transcriptional regulation of @entity5 expression by @entity3 via this site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and supershift assays indicated that this transcriptional regulation was regulated via the @entity4 of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 gene expression might be induced by @entity3 via the @entity4 of @entity4 in activated @entity0 HSCs.

title: Induction of @entity5 gene transcription by XXXX factor alpha via the @entity4 in activated @entity0 hepatic stellate cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2 results in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which in turn produce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines for tissue remodelling. This study explored the transcriptional induction of the @entity5 gene by @entity1 factor-alpha ( @entity3 ) in HSCs. METHODS: The LI90 @entity0 HSC line was used in the present study. Gelatin zymography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Northern blotting and gene promoter-reporter assays were used to analyse the induction of @entity5 protein, mRNA expression and gene transcription respectively. Deletional or site-directed mutations were introduced into the promoter region and transiently transfected into LI90 cells to determine the cis-acting elements necessary for @entity3 inducibility. Gel shift mobility assays were used to determine the transcriptional factors involved in the @entity3 responsiveness. RESULTS: @entity3 upregulated @entity5 protein and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. A time-course experiment revealed a rapid induction of @entity5 mRNA expression after @entity3 treatment. Mutation in a putative nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-binding site at -2541 bp almost completely abolished the @entity3 response to @entity5 gene-promoter activity, suggesting transcriptional regulation of @entity5 expression by @entity3 via this site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and supershift assays indicated that this transcriptional regulation was regulated via the @entity4 of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 gene expression might be induced by @entity3 via the @entity4 of @entity4 in activated @entity0 HSCs.

title: Induction of @entity5 gene transcription by @entity1 factor alpha via the XXXX in activated @entity0 hepatic stellate cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2 results in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which in turn produce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines for tissue remodelling. This study explored the transcriptional induction of the @entity5 gene by @entity1 factor-alpha ( @entity3 ) in HSCs. METHODS: The LI90 @entity0 HSC line was used in the present study. Gelatin zymography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Northern blotting and gene promoter-reporter assays were used to analyse the induction of @entity5 protein, mRNA expression and gene transcription respectively. Deletional or site-directed mutations were introduced into the promoter region and transiently transfected into LI90 cells to determine the cis-acting elements necessary for @entity3 inducibility. Gel shift mobility assays were used to determine the transcriptional factors involved in the @entity3 responsiveness. RESULTS: @entity3 upregulated @entity5 protein and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. A time-course experiment revealed a rapid induction of @entity5 mRNA expression after @entity3 treatment. Mutation in a putative nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-binding site at -2541 bp almost completely abolished the @entity3 response to @entity5 gene-promoter activity, suggesting transcriptional regulation of @entity5 expression by @entity3 via this site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and supershift assays indicated that this transcriptional regulation was regulated via the @entity4 of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 gene expression might be induced by @entity3 via the @entity4 of @entity4 in activated @entity0 HSCs.

title: Induction of XXXX gene transcription by @entity1 factor alpha via the @entity4 in activated @entity0 hepatic stellate cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2 results in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which in turn produce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines for tissue remodelling. This study explored the transcriptional induction of the @entity5 gene by @entity1 factor-alpha ( @entity3 ) in HSCs. METHODS: The LI90 @entity0 HSC line was used in the present study. Gelatin zymography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Northern blotting and gene promoter-reporter assays were used to analyse the induction of @entity5 protein, mRNA expression and gene transcription respectively. Deletional or site-directed mutations were introduced into the promoter region and transiently transfected into LI90 cells to determine the cis-acting elements necessary for @entity3 inducibility. Gel shift mobility assays were used to determine the transcriptional factors involved in the @entity3 responsiveness. RESULTS: @entity3 upregulated @entity5 protein and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. A time-course experiment revealed a rapid induction of @entity5 mRNA expression after @entity3 treatment. Mutation in a putative nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-binding site at -2541 bp almost completely abolished the @entity3 response to @entity5 gene-promoter activity, suggesting transcriptional regulation of @entity5 expression by @entity3 via this site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and supershift assays indicated that this transcriptional regulation was regulated via the @entity4 of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 gene expression might be induced by @entity3 via the @entity4 of @entity4 in activated @entity0 HSCs.

title: Induction of @entity5 gene transcription by @entity1 factor alpha via the @entity4 in activated XXXX hepatic stellate cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse. It affects 10% to 15% of couples. Sonohysterography (SHG) is an accurate method for the assessment of fallopian tube patency, reflected in its high positive predictive value compared with hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopy with chromopertubation. In this study, our goal was to determine the diagnostic value of SHG for the diagnosis of bilateral @entity2 by comparison of SHG with HSG and laparoscopic results. METHODS: This study was based on the evaluation of tubal patency by SHG and by the combination of HSG and laparoscopy in 40 @entity0 . All @entity0 underwent HSG as a routine @entity1 workup, and all @entity0 with bilateral proximal @entity2 diagnosed by HSG subsequently underwent SHG. RESULTS: Among 1024 infertile @entity0 referred to an @entity1 clinic, 117 (11.4%) had a diagnosis of a tubal factor as the cause of their @entity1 . Forty-two @entity0 with HSG findings of bilateral proximal @entity2 were enrolled. Forty @entity0 underwent SHG. In 32 @entity0 (80%), at least 1 fallopian tube was patent, and 8 @entity0 (20%) were reported to have bilateral @entity2 . Those 8 @entity0 with SHG evidence of bilateral @entity2 underwent laparoscopy. Eventually, 6 of those were laparoscopically confirmed to have bilateral @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Sonohysterography is an accurate method for the determination of fallopian tube patency. It is a simple, safe, and well-tolerated technique with a low risk of adverse effects and severe complications.

title: Diagnostic value of sonohysterography in the determination of fallopian tube patency as an initial step of routine XXXX assessment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: Left atrial catheter ablation of the pulmonary veins (PV) has evolved as an important therapeutic option for the treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). We aimed to investigate the incidence and predictors of @entity5 associated with PV catheter ablation, detected by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a prospective analysis of 53 consecutive @entity0 with persistent or paroxysmal @entity4 that underwent PV ablation and post-procedural cerebral @entity2 day after lasso catheter-guided ostial PV ablation. @entity0 were analysed for possible demographical, medical, echocardiographical, and procedural predictors of @entity3 . A mean of 3.5 +/- 0.5 PVs were ablated per @entity0 . In six @entity0 , DW-MRI depicted new clinically silent microembolism after PV ablation (11%). The number of ineffective medical antiarrhythmic agents prior to ablation procedure was significantly higher in the @entity3 group (3.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.2 +/- 1.4, P = 0.014). @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was more frequent in @entity0 with @entity5 (33 vs. 2%, P = 0.031); left ventricular volume (130 +/- 12 vs. 103 +/- 26 mL, P = 0.002), and septal wall thickness (13.0 +/- 1.4 vs. 7.9 +/- 4.8 mm, P = 0.025) were significantly increased. CONCLUSION: This study shows a high incidence of silent micro- @entity3 after PV ablation. @entity1 , @entity7 , and @entity6 were potential predictors of this complication.

title: Incidence and predictors of XXXX during pulmonary vein catheter ablation for @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS: Left atrial catheter ablation of the pulmonary veins (PV) has evolved as an important therapeutic option for the treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). We aimed to investigate the incidence and predictors of @entity5 associated with PV catheter ablation, detected by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a prospective analysis of 53 consecutive @entity0 with persistent or paroxysmal @entity4 that underwent PV ablation and post-procedural cerebral @entity2 day after lasso catheter-guided ostial PV ablation. @entity0 were analysed for possible demographical, medical, echocardiographical, and procedural predictors of @entity3 . A mean of 3.5 +/- 0.5 PVs were ablated per @entity0 . In six @entity0 , DW-MRI depicted new clinically silent microembolism after PV ablation (11%). The number of ineffective medical antiarrhythmic agents prior to ablation procedure was significantly higher in the @entity3 group (3.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.2 +/- 1.4, P = 0.014). @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was more frequent in @entity0 with @entity5 (33 vs. 2%, P = 0.031); left ventricular volume (130 +/- 12 vs. 103 +/- 26 mL, P = 0.002), and septal wall thickness (13.0 +/- 1.4 vs. 7.9 +/- 4.8 mm, P = 0.025) were significantly increased. CONCLUSION: This study shows a high incidence of silent micro- @entity3 after PV ablation. @entity1 , @entity7 , and @entity6 were potential predictors of this complication.

title: Incidence and predictors of @entity5 during pulmonary vein catheter ablation for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review our experience of 18 @entity0 with @entity1 after @entity1 , the diagnosis of which had been delayed for more than 24 hours. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Teaching hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C. SUBJECTS: 18 @entity0 who presented with @entity1 between January 1986 and December 1995. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: The reasons for the delay were: injuries not found during the first operation (n = 6), @entity0 had not sought medical help (n = 6), and injuries treated conservatively at local hospitals (n = 5). There was one delay in our department because the @entity0 lost consciousness. 12 @entity0 were treated by pyloric exclusion with no @entity2 (one duodenal @entity3 and 3 @entity4 ). The other 6 had various operations including pancreaticoduodenectomy, jejunostomy, and gastrostomy, with six complications and one death, giving an overall mortality of 6% and morbidity of 50%. Three @entity0 developed delayed extensive @entity4 and all three were treated successfully by laparostomy. 16 of the 18 @entity0 required enteral feeding through a jejunostomy. CONCLUSIONS: Though the complication rate was high, the use of pyloric exclusion and a feeding jejunostomy kept the mortality low. Enteral nutrition should be started early. Laparostomy is a good way to manage @entity4 . To avoid delay, @entity0 at risk of @entity1 should be evaluated early by experienced @entity1 surgeons and any central retroperitoneal haematoma should be explored during the initial laparotomy.

title: Surgical treatment and outcome after delayed diagnosis of blunt XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 are rare @entity1 of infancy. In a series of 36 @entity0 78 percent were under 1 year of age, and only one @entity0 was over age 15 years. Ninety percent of the @entity5 were multiple and occurred with nearly equal frequency in the right and left ventricles. Although reportedly infrequent in the atria, @entity5 involved either one or both atria in 30 percent of @entity0 . In 50 percent of @entity0 at least one of the @entity1 masses was intracavitary and obstructed 50 percent or more of one of the cardiac chambers or valve orifices. Symptoms referable to obstruction of intracardiac blood flow were present in nine @entity0 , none of whom had @entity3 , and all of whom would appear to have been good surgical candidates. Histologically the @entity5 were composed of classic "spider cells". Electron microscopic studies revealed scattered bundles of myofibrils ringing these cells and radiating toward the center; glycogen was present both free in the cytoplasm and within mitochondria. Distinct intercellular junctions resembling intercalated discs with well defined desmosomes and nexuses were present. Many of the cells contained leptofibrils, arranged either peripherally or in spiraled clusters in the center of the cell. @entity5 derive from cardiac muscle cells and appear to represent @entity4 rather than true @entity1 .

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic and electron microscopic study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A case of @entity6 as the initial manifestation of @entity8 is described. The @entity0 was admitted with symptoms of @entity3 with @entity12 . Antibody tests for @entity10 and C and @entity0 @entity7 virus were negative. The @entity0 continued to deteriorate clinically. Eventually, the @entity0 succumbed to @entity9 . Autopsy disclosed @entity8 that caused extensive @entity1 of the liver. In review of the literature, only nine cases of @entity5 presenting as @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity11 as initial manifestation were reported. Four of these @entity0 had been subjected to exploratory laparotomy for clinical suspicion of acute abdomen. One @entity0 developed @entity2 as a result of cryptococcal @entity3 . Two @entity0 succumbed to @entity9 . @entity8 is known to occur commonly in immunocompromised @entity0 , yet only two reported cases presenting as @entity3 were associated with immunocompromised status.

title: XXXX as the initial manifestation of @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: A case of @entity6 as the initial manifestation of @entity8 is described. The @entity0 was admitted with symptoms of @entity3 with @entity12 . Antibody tests for @entity10 and C and @entity0 @entity7 virus were negative. The @entity0 continued to deteriorate clinically. Eventually, the @entity0 succumbed to @entity9 . Autopsy disclosed @entity8 that caused extensive @entity1 of the liver. In review of the literature, only nine cases of @entity5 presenting as @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity11 as initial manifestation were reported. Four of these @entity0 had been subjected to exploratory laparotomy for clinical suspicion of acute abdomen. One @entity0 developed @entity2 as a result of cryptococcal @entity3 . Two @entity0 succumbed to @entity9 . @entity8 is known to occur commonly in immunocompromised @entity0 , yet only two reported cases presenting as @entity3 were associated with immunocompromised status.

title: @entity6 as the initial manifestation of XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: The relationships between lipids/lipoproteins and @entity2 were determined in African Americans and whites to assess the consistency of the relationship between these two groups. Differences could suggest varying biological, environmental, or life-style cofactors influencing development of @entity2 . METHODS: In the @entity2 Risk in Communities Study, 2966 African Americans and 9399 whites had determinations of LDL, HDL, @entity6 , and @entity7 @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity3 , and lipoprotein (a). Carotid @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was measured using B-mode ultrasound imaging. RESULTS: The associations, using linear regression, between carotid @entity4 and LDL @entity1 , HDL @entity1 , and other lipid measurements were significantly weaker in African Americans than whites. Averaging @entity0 and @entity0 , a 1.034 mmol/L (40 mg/dl) difference in LDL @entity1 was associated with a 0.028 mm @entity4 difference in whites but a 0.019 difference in African Americans. Similarly, for HDL @entity1 , a 0.44 mmol/L (17 mg/dl) difference is associated wth 0.026 mm difference in carotid @entity4 in whites and 0.011 mm difference in African Americans. The associations are much weaker in African Americans than whites at the bifurcation and internal carotid, the carotid sites most prone to @entity2 . Analysis was done stratifying for risk factors that differ between African Americans and whites, but within most, the relationships remained substantially weaker in African Americans. CONCLUSIONS: We have observed a statistically significant difference in the association between many lipids/lipoproteins and carotid @entity4 between African Americans and whites. Analysis of many potential cofactors have not provided an explanation for the weaker association. Although possible differences in prior levels of these lipids may provide one explanation for the finding, these results need confirmation in other studies.

title: The relationship between lipids/lipoproteins and XXXX in African Americans and whites: the @entity2 Risk in Communities Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The relationships between lipids/lipoproteins and @entity2 were determined in African Americans and whites to assess the consistency of the relationship between these two groups. Differences could suggest varying biological, environmental, or life-style cofactors influencing development of @entity2 . METHODS: In the @entity2 Risk in Communities Study, 2966 African Americans and 9399 whites had determinations of LDL, HDL, @entity6 , and @entity7 @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity3 , and lipoprotein (a). Carotid @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was measured using B-mode ultrasound imaging. RESULTS: The associations, using linear regression, between carotid @entity4 and LDL @entity1 , HDL @entity1 , and other lipid measurements were significantly weaker in African Americans than whites. Averaging @entity0 and @entity0 , a 1.034 mmol/L (40 mg/dl) difference in LDL @entity1 was associated with a 0.028 mm @entity4 difference in whites but a 0.019 difference in African Americans. Similarly, for HDL @entity1 , a 0.44 mmol/L (17 mg/dl) difference is associated wth 0.026 mm difference in carotid @entity4 in whites and 0.011 mm difference in African Americans. The associations are much weaker in African Americans than whites at the bifurcation and internal carotid, the carotid sites most prone to @entity2 . Analysis was done stratifying for risk factors that differ between African Americans and whites, but within most, the relationships remained substantially weaker in African Americans. CONCLUSIONS: We have observed a statistically significant difference in the association between many lipids/lipoproteins and carotid @entity4 between African Americans and whites. Analysis of many potential cofactors have not provided an explanation for the weaker association. Although possible differences in prior levels of these lipids may provide one explanation for the finding, these results need confirmation in other studies.

title: The relationship between lipids/lipoproteins and @entity2 in African Americans and whites: the XXXX Risk in Communities Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: We studied the prevalence of hyponatraemia and its prognostic implications in a large population of adult @entity0 with @entity2 (ACHD). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1004 ACHD @entity0 were retrospectively entered in this study (mean age 36.2 +/- 14.4 years, 48.7% male). Cox regression was used to estimate mortality associated with hyponatraemia, adjusted for potential confounders using both multivariable regression and propensity score matching. Mean @entity4 concentration in this ACHD cohort was 137.6 +/- 2.6 mmol/L. The overall prevalence of hyponatraemia in this cohort was 15.5% and was highest in congenitally corrected transposition (33.3%), after Fontan operation (29.6%), and in @entity0 with @entity5 (22.0%). Predictors of hyponatraemia were worse functional class, cyanosis, higher serum @entity3 levels, and treatment with diuretics. @entity0 were followed for a median of 4.1 years, during which there were 96 deaths. Hyponatraemia was a strong predictor of @entity1 , independent of age, previous surgery, functional class, systemic ventricular function, @entity3 levels, and the use of diuretics (adjusted HR 2.82, 95% CI: 1.72-4.63, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Hyponatraemia is relatively common in ACHD. Hyponatraemia carries a three-fold higher risk of @entity1 in ACHD and is a simple, cheap but powerful marker of mortality.

title: Hyponatraemia: A strong predictor of mortality in adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an @entity3 -based @entity1 ( @entity1 ) screening program. METHODS: A @entity1 screening program of adult @entity3 @entity0 was conducted at a university hospital @entity3 with 46,000 annual visits that serves a poor urban community. @entity0 were screened on weekdays during business hours. @entity3 @entity0 were counseled about the disease and the screening procedure and, after consent, purified protein derivative (PPD) tests were placed. @entity0 returned in 48-72 hours for reaction reading and post-test counseling. PPD-positive @entity0 received a physical examination, chest x-ray, and @entity2 testing and were referred to a city @entity1 clinic for possible treatment. RESULTS: Overall, 873 @entity0 were counseled, 630 were eligible for screening, and 374 (59.4%) consented to PPD testing. Of the 203 (54.1%) who returned, 32 (15.8%) were PPD-positive. No active case was detected, but 26 @entity0 were referred to the health department. Eighteen kept their appointments and all 13 who were started on therapy completed treatment. Targeted screening of groups aged 55 years or more, nonwhite groups, and those with other high-risk factors would detect 84% of PPD-positive cases while testing only 48% of eligible @entity0 . CONCLUSION: An @entity3 -based @entity1 screening program is feasible and can identify many @entity0 requiring treatment. Targeted screening of high-risk groups could reduce the program cost, but would miss some cases.

title: Feasibility of an emergency department-based XXXX counseling and screening program.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of noninvasive interactive neurostimulation used as an adjunct to usual care, on @entity1 and other symptoms in adults with @entity2 of the knee. DESIGN: Randomized, sham-controlled trial. SETTING: A university in the southern United States. SUBJECTS: Thirty-seven (37) adults with knee @entity2 (based on American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria). INTERVENTIONS: Seventeen (17) noninvasive interactive neurostimulation (active or sham) sessions over 8 weeks with a week 12 follow-up. OUTCOME MEASURES: Eleven-point numeric rating scale for weekly @entity1 ; Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity2 Index (WOMAC), @entity0 global assessment, and Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) completed at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12. RESULTS: For the main outcome, @entity1 , the differences between the groups over time did not reach statistical significance (all p > 0.05). However, a clinically important reduction in @entity1 (defined as a 2-point or 30% reduction on an 11-point numeric rating scale) was maintained at week 12 by the active noninvasive interactive neurostimulation group (2.17 points, 34.55% reduction) but not the sham group (1.63, 26.04% reduction). @entity1 improved over time in @entity0 regardless of group membership (numeric rating scale average @entity1 , p = 0.002; numeric rating scale worst @entity1 , p < 0.001; and @entity1 , p < 0.001), as did WOMAC function, WOMAC stiffness, and WOMAC total score (all p < 0.001). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups over time for the SF-36 Vitality scale, F (3, 105) = 3.54, p = 0.017. In addition, the active device group improved on the @entity0 global assessment from baseline to week 8 compared to the sham device group, F (1, 35) = 4.025, p = 0.053. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, clinically important reductions in knee @entity1 were maintained at week 12 in the active, but not the sham, noninvasive interactive neurostimulation group. Further study of this noninvasive therapy is warranted.

title: Effects of noninvasive interactive neurostimulation on symptoms of XXXX of the knee: a randomized, sham-controlled pilot study.

answer: @entity2