abstract: BACKGROUND: The vasoconstricting peptide @entity7 ( @entity7 ) has been associated with @entity2 , vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth stimulation, and intimal thickening. @entity7 binds 2 receptor subtypes, endothelin A and B, and the @entity6 receptor mediates vasoconstriction and VSMC growth. This study aims to quantitatively assess arterial remodeling variables and compare them with changes in @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity5 expression in the internal mammary artery (IMA). METHODS AND RESULTS: Specimens from 55 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity0 (45 @entity0 , 10 @entity0 ; mean age 65 years) and 14 control IMA specimens (from 7 @entity0 and 7 @entity0 ; mean age 45 years) were collected. IMA cross sections were assessed by histochemical and immunohistochemical staining methods to quantify the levels of medionecrosis, @entity3 , VSMC growth, @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity5 , and macrophage infiltration. The percentage area of medionecrosis in the @entity0 was almost double that in the controls (31.85+/-14.52% versus 17.10+/-9.96%, P=0.0006). Total and type 1 collagen was significantly increased compared with controls (65.8+/-18.3% versus 33.7+/-13.7%, P=0.07, and 14.2+/-10.0% versus 4.8+/-2.8%, P=0.01, respectively). Despite ACE and/or statin therapy, @entity7 expression and cell cycling were significantly elevated in the @entity0 IMAs relative to the controls (46.27+/-18.46 versus 8.56+/-8.42, P=0.0001, and 37.29+/-12.88 versus 11.06+/-8.18, P=0.0001, respectively). @entity6 and @entity5 staining was elevated in the @entity0 vessels (46.88+/-11.52% versus 18.58+/-7.65%, P=0.0001, and 42.98+/-7.08% versus 34.73+/-5.20%, P=0.0067, respectively). A mild presence of macrophages was noted in all sections. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated distribution of collagen indicative of @entity3 coupled with increased cell cycling and high levels of @entity7 and @entity6 expression in the absence of chronic @entity1 suggests altered IMA VSMC regulation is fundamental to the remodeling process.

title: Vascular remodeling in the internal mammary artery graft and association with in situ XXXX expression.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence of fatal adverse drug reactions (FADRs) in a hospitalized population, identify the drugs involved and investigate reported risk factors for these events. METHODS: The study population of this retrospective, single-centre case study comprised 289 @entity0 dying between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2004 and registered in the Cause of Death Register of a teaching hospital. All compiled data were recorded by two observers especially trained to identify and report adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The degree of probability that the ADR led directly to @entity1 was determined by using WHO criteria and an adapted version of Naranjo's score. RESULTS: Among 289 deceased study subjects, 17 (5.9%) were suspected to have died from an ADR. The most common suspected FADRs were @entity4 (52.9%), central nervous system @entity5 (17.6%), @entity3 (17.6%), drug-induced myelosuppression (6%) and antimicrobial-related @entity6 (6%). The drugs most frequently implicated in a FADR were antithrombotic drugs (65%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (47%) and @entity2 (29%). The only risk factors associated with FADRs in this population were multiple-drug therapy and the presence of platelet antiaggregants and NSAIDs, alone or associated. CONCLUSIONS: FADRs are an important cause of @entity1 in hospitalized @entity0 . @entity5 were seen in a majority of the fatal reactions, and antithrombotic agents or NSAIDs were implicated in most of these events.

title: Prevalence of fatal adverse drug reactions in hospitalized XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity5 associated with insulin aspart therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 56-year-old @entity0 was admitted to the Department of Endocrinology because of a poorly controlled Type 2 @entity1 . In an attempt to reach a tight blood @entity3 control, an intensive @entity1 management consisting of one evening dose of intermediate-acting NPH insulin and three preprandial doses of short-acting insulin aspart was introduced. Two weeks following insulin aspart introduction the @entity0 developed palpable @entity6 on distal parts of the upper and lower limbs. Four days after the onset of @entity6 , a skin biopsy was preformed. Histological examination showed @entity4 with perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes and erythrocyte extravasation. Direct immunofluorescence was negative. On the day the @entity6 appeared, insulin aspart was substituted with regular @entity0 insulin. All @entity2 disappeared spontaneously within 8 days. Insulin aspart was not re-administered. DISCUSSION: Other possible causes of @entity4 in this case were excluded by diagnostic tests. The temporal relationship between the insulin aspart administration and the occurrence of @entity6 , with no further episodes of @entity2 after discontinuation of the drug, support the hypothesis of an insulin aspart caused @entity4 . Based on the Naranjo's algorithm, the adverse drug reaction could be considered possible. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of @entity5 occurring during insulin aspart treatment.

title: XXXX associated with insulin aspart in a @entity0 with type 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity5 associated with insulin aspart therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 56-year-old @entity0 was admitted to the Department of Endocrinology because of a poorly controlled Type 2 @entity1 . In an attempt to reach a tight blood @entity3 control, an intensive @entity1 management consisting of one evening dose of intermediate-acting NPH insulin and three preprandial doses of short-acting insulin aspart was introduced. Two weeks following insulin aspart introduction the @entity0 developed palpable @entity6 on distal parts of the upper and lower limbs. Four days after the onset of @entity6 , a skin biopsy was preformed. Histological examination showed @entity4 with perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes and erythrocyte extravasation. Direct immunofluorescence was negative. On the day the @entity6 appeared, insulin aspart was substituted with regular @entity0 insulin. All @entity2 disappeared spontaneously within 8 days. Insulin aspart was not re-administered. DISCUSSION: Other possible causes of @entity4 in this case were excluded by diagnostic tests. The temporal relationship between the insulin aspart administration and the occurrence of @entity6 , with no further episodes of @entity2 after discontinuation of the drug, support the hypothesis of an insulin aspart caused @entity4 . Based on the Naranjo's algorithm, the adverse drug reaction could be considered possible. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of @entity5 occurring during insulin aspart treatment.

title: @entity5 associated with insulin aspart in a @entity0 with type 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity5 associated with insulin aspart therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 56-year-old @entity0 was admitted to the Department of Endocrinology because of a poorly controlled Type 2 @entity1 . In an attempt to reach a tight blood @entity3 control, an intensive @entity1 management consisting of one evening dose of intermediate-acting NPH insulin and three preprandial doses of short-acting insulin aspart was introduced. Two weeks following insulin aspart introduction the @entity0 developed palpable @entity6 on distal parts of the upper and lower limbs. Four days after the onset of @entity6 , a skin biopsy was preformed. Histological examination showed @entity4 with perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes and erythrocyte extravasation. Direct immunofluorescence was negative. On the day the @entity6 appeared, insulin aspart was substituted with regular @entity0 insulin. All @entity2 disappeared spontaneously within 8 days. Insulin aspart was not re-administered. DISCUSSION: Other possible causes of @entity4 in this case were excluded by diagnostic tests. The temporal relationship between the insulin aspart administration and the occurrence of @entity6 , with no further episodes of @entity2 after discontinuation of the drug, support the hypothesis of an insulin aspart caused @entity4 . Based on the Naranjo's algorithm, the adverse drug reaction could be considered possible. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of @entity5 occurring during insulin aspart treatment.

title: @entity5 associated with insulin aspart in a XXXX with type 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: The incidence and prevalence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are extremely high in Taiwan. It is an interesting fact that both the husband and wife in some families of Taiwan suffer from @entity2 . Therefore, we attempted to identify the potential risk factors of such couples. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study. Six couples receiving maintenance dialysis in our hospital from 1996 to 2006 were enrolled in this study. Detailed medical history; drugs history including @entity7 ( @entity7 ), analgesics and herbal remedies; occupational history and onset of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were recorded. These data are correlated with pre-dialysis laboratory findings. The outcomes of dialysis and @entity4 were also recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Two males were Chinese herbal medicine practitioners. All the @entity0 (12/12) had taken Chinese herbs and most of them (10/12) had also taken @entity7 (especially cold remedies and analgesics). We found all of them had bilateral contracted kidneys, mild @entity3 and trace @entity8 . One @entity0 's renal biopsy revealed Chinese herb @entity1 . Four @entity0 (33%) suffered from @entity4 . Three @entity0 expired during follow up due to @entity6 , extensive @entity4 and suicide, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of Chinese herbs or compound analgesics abuse is high in couples with @entity2 . The clinical features and high incidence of @entity4 are compatible with drug related chronic @entity5 . Abuse of offending agents should be considered as a risk factor in family members with @entity2 .

title: XXXX in both husband and wife in Taiwan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study was aimed at characterizing the potential differences in gene expression in piglets inoculated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), the essential causative agent of postweaning @entity2 . Seven-day-old caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets were distributed into two groups: control (n = 8) and @entity1 inoculated with 10(5.2) TCID(50) of the Burgos @entity3 isolate (n = 16). One control and three inoculated @entity1 were necropsied on days 1, 2, 5, and 8 post- @entity0 (p.i.). The remaining @entity1 (four of each group) were sequentially bled on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 29 p.i. (necropsy). Total RNA from the mediastinal lymph node (MLN) and lysed whole blood (LWB) samples were hybridized to Affymetrix Porcine GeneChip. Forty-three probes were differentially expressed (DE) in MLN samples (FDR < 0.1, fold change > 2) and were distributed into three clusters: globally down-regulated genes, and up-regulated genes at early (first week p.i.) and late (day 29 p.i.) stages of @entity0 . In LWB samples,maximal differences were observed at day 7 p.i., with 54 probes DE between control and inoculated @entity1 . Main Gene Ontology biological processes assigned to upregulated genes were related to the immune response. Six common genes were found in both types of samples, all of which belonged to the interferon signaling antiviral effector pathway. Down-regulated genes were mainly related to cell adhesion and migration in MLN, and cellular organization and biogenesis in LWB. Microarray results were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. This study provides, for the first time, the characterization of the early and late molecular events taking place in response to a subclinical @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Time course differential gene expression in response to XXXX subclinical @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study was aimed at characterizing the potential differences in gene expression in piglets inoculated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), the essential causative agent of postweaning @entity2 . Seven-day-old caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets were distributed into two groups: control (n = 8) and @entity1 inoculated with 10(5.2) TCID(50) of the Burgos @entity3 isolate (n = 16). One control and three inoculated @entity1 were necropsied on days 1, 2, 5, and 8 post- @entity0 (p.i.). The remaining @entity1 (four of each group) were sequentially bled on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 29 p.i. (necropsy). Total RNA from the mediastinal lymph node (MLN) and lysed whole blood (LWB) samples were hybridized to Affymetrix Porcine GeneChip. Forty-three probes were differentially expressed (DE) in MLN samples (FDR < 0.1, fold change > 2) and were distributed into three clusters: globally down-regulated genes, and up-regulated genes at early (first week p.i.) and late (day 29 p.i.) stages of @entity0 . In LWB samples,maximal differences were observed at day 7 p.i., with 54 probes DE between control and inoculated @entity1 . Main Gene Ontology biological processes assigned to upregulated genes were related to the immune response. Six common genes were found in both types of samples, all of which belonged to the interferon signaling antiviral effector pathway. Down-regulated genes were mainly related to cell adhesion and migration in MLN, and cellular organization and biogenesis in LWB. Microarray results were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. This study provides, for the first time, the characterization of the early and late molecular events taking place in response to a subclinical @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Time course differential gene expression in response to @entity3 subclinical XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study represents the first time that @entity0 , endocrine, and immune markers have been measured, together with activity profile, during a competitive soccer match. Seven semiprofessional soccer players participated in a competitive league match. Blood and saliva samples were obtained 1 hour before kick off and immediately postmatch. Global positioning system equipment was used to measure heart rate and activity profile data throughout the match. Percentage increase in @entity3 kinase (CK) and myoglobin (MYO) concentrations was correlated with the number of sprints performed during the match (r = 0.88, p = 0.019; r = 0.75, p = 0.047, respectively). @entity3 kinase increased by 84% (p = 0.17) from prematch to postmatch, whereas MYO increased by 238% (p = 0.05). Players performed 39    18 sprints during the course of the match. @entity2 increased by 78% (p = 0.103), whereas @entity1 increased significantly by 44% (p = 0.004). No differences were seen from prematch to postmatch in the @entity1 to @entity2 ratio, immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgM, or IgG. Sprinting is correlated with changes in CK and MYO and may therefore be associated with @entity0 in semiprofessional soccer players.

title: XXXX , endocrine, and immune marker response to a soccer match.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Primary @entity1 is a common presentation of @entity3 . The main controversy arises when many aspects of its classification and management are under discussion, particularly regarding roles for surgical resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinicopathologic characteristics and the therapeutic outcome of primary @entity3 . We carried out a retrospective analysis of 74 @entity0 who were presented to our center with histopathological diagnosis of primary gastro-intestinal @entity3 between 1990 and 2001. All @entity0 have been staged according to Lugano Staging System. For histopathological classification, International Working Formulation was applied. The treatment choice concerning the surgical or non-surgical management was decided by the initially acting physician. Treatment modalities were compared using the parameters of age, sex, histopathological results, stage, and the site of disease. Of the 74 @entity0 , 31 were female and 43 were male, with a median age of 49 years (range 15-80). The stomach was the most common primary site and was seen in 51 of 74 @entity0 (68.9%). The intermediate and high @entity2 constituted 91.9% of the all cases. In a median follow-up of 29 months (range 2-128), 20 out of 74 @entity0 died. There was a three year overall survival rate in 65.4% of all @entity0 . The three year overall survival rate was better in stage I and II1 @entity0 who were treated with surgery plus chemotherapy (+/-RT) than those treated with chemotherapy alone (93.7% vs. 55.6%, p < 0.05). The stage and presence of B symptoms affected the disease free survival and overall survival significantly, but the histopathologic grade only affected the overall survival. On the basis of these results, we suggest that surgical resection is necessary before chemotherapy in early stage (stage I and II1) @entity0 with @entity3 because of the significant survival advantage it would bring to the @entity0 .

title: Clinicopathologic characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of primary XXXX in central Anatolia, in Turkey.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suicidal thoughts and behaviours during antidepressant treatment, especially during the first weeks of treatment, have prompted warnings by regulatory bodies. The aim of the present study is to investigate the course and predictors of emergence and worsening of suicidal ideation during tricyclic antidepressant and @entity2 reuptake inhibitor treatment. METHODS: In a multicentre part-randomised open-label study, 811 adult @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity1 were allocated to flexible dosage of @entity3 or @entity5 for 12 weeks. The suicidality items of three standard measures were integrated in a suicidal ideation score. Increases in this score were classified as treatment emergent suicidal ideation (TESI) or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) according to the absence or presence of suicidal ideation at baseline. RESULTS: Suicidal ideation decreased during antidepressant treatment. Rates of TESI and @entity4 peaked in the fifth week. Severity of @entity1 predicted TESI and @entity4 . In @entity0 , @entity5 was associated with a 9.8-fold and 2.4-fold increase in TESI and @entity4 compared to @entity3 , respectively. Retirement and history of suicide attempts predicted @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Increases in suicidal ideation were associated with @entity1 severity and decreased during antidepressant treatment. In @entity0 , treatment with @entity3 is associated with lower risk of suicidal ideation compared to @entity5 . Clinicians should remain alert to suicidal ideation beyond the initial weeks of antidepressant treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT (No.2004-001723-38) and ISRCTN (No. 03693000).

title: Suicidal ideation during treatment of @entity1 with @entity3 and XXXX in genome-based therapeutic drugs for @entity1 (GENDEP): a clinical trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suicidal thoughts and behaviours during antidepressant treatment, especially during the first weeks of treatment, have prompted warnings by regulatory bodies. The aim of the present study is to investigate the course and predictors of emergence and worsening of suicidal ideation during tricyclic antidepressant and @entity2 reuptake inhibitor treatment. METHODS: In a multicentre part-randomised open-label study, 811 adult @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity1 were allocated to flexible dosage of @entity3 or @entity5 for 12 weeks. The suicidality items of three standard measures were integrated in a suicidal ideation score. Increases in this score were classified as treatment emergent suicidal ideation (TESI) or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) according to the absence or presence of suicidal ideation at baseline. RESULTS: Suicidal ideation decreased during antidepressant treatment. Rates of TESI and @entity4 peaked in the fifth week. Severity of @entity1 predicted TESI and @entity4 . In @entity0 , @entity5 was associated with a 9.8-fold and 2.4-fold increase in TESI and @entity4 compared to @entity3 , respectively. Retirement and history of suicide attempts predicted @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Increases in suicidal ideation were associated with @entity1 severity and decreased during antidepressant treatment. In @entity0 , treatment with @entity3 is associated with lower risk of suicidal ideation compared to @entity5 . Clinicians should remain alert to suicidal ideation beyond the initial weeks of antidepressant treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT (No.2004-001723-38) and ISRCTN (No. 03693000).

title: Suicidal ideation during treatment of @entity1 with XXXX and @entity5 in genome-based therapeutic drugs for @entity1 (GENDEP): a clinical trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suicidal thoughts and behaviours during antidepressant treatment, especially during the first weeks of treatment, have prompted warnings by regulatory bodies. The aim of the present study is to investigate the course and predictors of emergence and worsening of suicidal ideation during tricyclic antidepressant and @entity2 reuptake inhibitor treatment. METHODS: In a multicentre part-randomised open-label study, 811 adult @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity1 were allocated to flexible dosage of @entity3 or @entity5 for 12 weeks. The suicidality items of three standard measures were integrated in a suicidal ideation score. Increases in this score were classified as treatment emergent suicidal ideation (TESI) or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) according to the absence or presence of suicidal ideation at baseline. RESULTS: Suicidal ideation decreased during antidepressant treatment. Rates of TESI and @entity4 peaked in the fifth week. Severity of @entity1 predicted TESI and @entity4 . In @entity0 , @entity5 was associated with a 9.8-fold and 2.4-fold increase in TESI and @entity4 compared to @entity3 , respectively. Retirement and history of suicide attempts predicted @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Increases in suicidal ideation were associated with @entity1 severity and decreased during antidepressant treatment. In @entity0 , treatment with @entity3 is associated with lower risk of suicidal ideation compared to @entity5 . Clinicians should remain alert to suicidal ideation beyond the initial weeks of antidepressant treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT (No.2004-001723-38) and ISRCTN (No. 03693000).

title: Suicidal ideation during treatment of XXXX with @entity3 and @entity5 in genome-based therapeutic drugs for @entity1 (GENDEP): a clinical trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suicidal thoughts and behaviours during antidepressant treatment, especially during the first weeks of treatment, have prompted warnings by regulatory bodies. The aim of the present study is to investigate the course and predictors of emergence and worsening of suicidal ideation during tricyclic antidepressant and @entity2 reuptake inhibitor treatment. METHODS: In a multicentre part-randomised open-label study, 811 adult @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity1 were allocated to flexible dosage of @entity3 or @entity5 for 12 weeks. The suicidality items of three standard measures were integrated in a suicidal ideation score. Increases in this score were classified as treatment emergent suicidal ideation (TESI) or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) according to the absence or presence of suicidal ideation at baseline. RESULTS: Suicidal ideation decreased during antidepressant treatment. Rates of TESI and @entity4 peaked in the fifth week. Severity of @entity1 predicted TESI and @entity4 . In @entity0 , @entity5 was associated with a 9.8-fold and 2.4-fold increase in TESI and @entity4 compared to @entity3 , respectively. Retirement and history of suicide attempts predicted @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Increases in suicidal ideation were associated with @entity1 severity and decreased during antidepressant treatment. In @entity0 , treatment with @entity3 is associated with lower risk of suicidal ideation compared to @entity5 . Clinicians should remain alert to suicidal ideation beyond the initial weeks of antidepressant treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT (No.2004-001723-38) and ISRCTN (No. 03693000).

title: Suicidal ideation during treatment of @entity1 with @entity3 and @entity5 in genome-based therapeutic drugs for XXXX (GENDEP): a clinical trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Compare the pharmacokinetics of vaginal @entity1 gel ( @entity2 8%, 90 mg) with that of oral @entity1 (Prometrium, 100 mg). DESIGN: Open-label, randomized, parallel-group protocol. SETTING: Outpatient clinic. @entity0 (S): Twelve healthy postmenopausal @entity0 . INTERVENTION(S): Six subjects each were randomized to receive @entity1 , which was administered either as 90 mg of @entity1 gel ( @entity2 8%) given vaginally or 100 mg @entity1 in a capsule (Prometrium) given orally. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT(S): Serum @entity1 levels were measured by both radioimmunoassay (RIA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULT(S): @entity1 given vaginally resulted in greater bioavailability with less relative variability in absorption than oral @entity1 (mean AUC(0-24) = 1.48 +/- 0.16 ng. h/mL per milligram vs. 0.035 +/- 0.0052 ng. h/mL per milligram). Mean C(max) for oral @entity1 was much lower than that of vaginal @entity1 (i.e., 2.20 +/- 3. 06 ng/mL vs. 10.51 +/- 0.46 ng/mL). Mean T(max) occurred earlier for oral @entity1 than for @entity2 (1.00 +/- 0.41 hours vs. 7.67 +/- 3.67 hours). Radioimmunoassay is inappropriate for determining serum @entity1 levels after oral administration, because it provided erroneously high values that were approximately eightfold higher than those obtained with LC-MS. CONCLUSION(S): @entity2 ( @entity1 gel) given vaginally results in greater bioavailability with less relative variability than oral @entity1 , thus providing more reliable delivery of @entity1 , compared with oral @entity1 . Measuring circulating @entity1 with use of direct RIA is not appropriate after oral @entity1 administration.

title: Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of XXXX 8% administered vaginally versus Prometrium administered orally in postmenopausal @entity0 (3).

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Compare the pharmacokinetics of vaginal @entity1 gel ( @entity2 8%, 90 mg) with that of oral @entity1 (Prometrium, 100 mg). DESIGN: Open-label, randomized, parallel-group protocol. SETTING: Outpatient clinic. @entity0 (S): Twelve healthy postmenopausal @entity0 . INTERVENTION(S): Six subjects each were randomized to receive @entity1 , which was administered either as 90 mg of @entity1 gel ( @entity2 8%) given vaginally or 100 mg @entity1 in a capsule (Prometrium) given orally. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT(S): Serum @entity1 levels were measured by both radioimmunoassay (RIA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULT(S): @entity1 given vaginally resulted in greater bioavailability with less relative variability in absorption than oral @entity1 (mean AUC(0-24) = 1.48 +/- 0.16 ng. h/mL per milligram vs. 0.035 +/- 0.0052 ng. h/mL per milligram). Mean C(max) for oral @entity1 was much lower than that of vaginal @entity1 (i.e., 2.20 +/- 3. 06 ng/mL vs. 10.51 +/- 0.46 ng/mL). Mean T(max) occurred earlier for oral @entity1 than for @entity2 (1.00 +/- 0.41 hours vs. 7.67 +/- 3.67 hours). Radioimmunoassay is inappropriate for determining serum @entity1 levels after oral administration, because it provided erroneously high values that were approximately eightfold higher than those obtained with LC-MS. CONCLUSION(S): @entity2 ( @entity1 gel) given vaginally results in greater bioavailability with less relative variability than oral @entity1 , thus providing more reliable delivery of @entity1 , compared with oral @entity1 . Measuring circulating @entity1 with use of direct RIA is not appropriate after oral @entity1 administration.

title: Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of @entity2 8% administered vaginally versus Prometrium administered orally in postmenopausal XXXX (3).

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a minimally invasive vertebral augmentation procedure for the treatment of recent, @entity4 . The aim of the study was to determine the early and late outcomes of PVP for @entity4 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prospectively assessed outcomes of PVP in 200 @entity0 with single, osteoporotic vertebral compression @entity2 . Follow-up assessment was made 12 hours after surgery as well as after 7 days, 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. A subgroup of 80 @entity0 was evaluated also 2 years after PVP. A 100-mm visual analogue scale of @entity1 was used for outcome measurement. RESULTS: Twelve hours after PVP, very significant relief of @entity1 was obtained in 85% of @entity0 ; on the 7th and 30th day a very good result of treatment was noted in 96%. The same result was noted in 92% of @entity0 at the 6th month, and in 90% of @entity0 at the 12th month. Among the 80 @entity0 followed for 2 years, 3 @entity0 reported recurrence of @entity1 and were subsequently diagnosed with new @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive method of treatment for fresh @entity3 , which provides a significant and sizeable reduction of @entity1 in the short as well as long term after surgery. Complete relief of @entity1 was noted 12 hours after PVP in 94% of @entity0 , and was noted in 90% two years after treatment. Despite some literature data suggesting no beneficial effect of PVP, it can be concluded that PVP is the most effective and the safest method for fresh vertebral compression @entity2 treatment.

title: Early and long-term outcomes of vertebroplasty for single XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: One of the greatest challenges faced by buccomaxillofacial prosthetists is to reproduce the @entity0 's exact skin color and provide adequate esthetics. To reach this objective, professionals must use materials with easy characterization and that maintain color over long periods of time. The objective of this study was, thus, to evaluate the color stability of two types of @entity1 , Silastic 732 and Silastic @entity4 . Twenty-four test specimens were made from each type of @entity1 and were divided into a colorless group and groups intrinsically pigmented with ceramics, cosmetics or @entity2 . The specimens were submitted to an accelerated system of aging for non-metallic materials. Readings were carried out initially and after periods corresponding to 163, 351, 692 and 1,000 hours of aging, using a reflection spectrophotometer analysis, and color alterations were calculated by the CIE L*a*b* system. The data were submitted to variance analysis and Tukey's test at a 5% level of probability. The results demonstrated that, irrespective of the period of time analyzed, all the materials underwent some type of chromatic alteration (DeltaE > 0). The test specimens made with Silastic 732 and @entity4 , without @entity3 , presented the lowest color alteration values after 1,000 hours of aging. Of the pigments, ceramic presented the lowest color alteration values and cosmetic powder presented the highest values. Thus, it may be concluded that the materials without the incorporation of pigments presented similar color alteration values, and did not differ statistically. The cosmetic powder used in this study was the pigment that most altered the color of the test specimens.

title: Color stability after accelerated aging of two XXXX , pigmented or not, for use in facial prostheses.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity1 surgery is effective in improving the quality of life (QOL) of @entity0 with intractable @entity2 using the Quality of Life in Childhood @entity1 Questionnaire (QOLCE). METHODS: The authors conducted a prospective study of the families of 35 @entity0 with intractable @entity1 who underwent @entity1 surgery. Parents completed the QOLCE preoperatively and again 6 to 18 months after surgery. At both assessment dates parents indicated the severity of their @entity0 's @entity2 during the past 6 months and the frequency of their @entity0 's @entity2 during the past 4 weeks on Likert-type scales. @entity0 were split into two groups according to surgery outcome: @entity2 free vs persistent @entity2 . Statistical analyses were conducted to determine if @entity0 rendered @entity2 free showed a greater improvement in QOL compared to those with persistent @entity2 postoperatively. RESULTS: Greater improvement in QOL was documented for @entity0 rendered @entity2 free vs @entity0 with persistent @entity2 . This was significant for the overall QOLCE QOL score and subscales assessing cognitive, social, emotional, behavioral, and physical domains of life. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 surgery improves the quality of life of @entity0 rendered @entity2 free. Families can be counseled preoperatively of the potential benefits of surgery beyond @entity2 reduction.

title: The impact of XXXX surgery on quality of life in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity1 surgery is effective in improving the quality of life (QOL) of @entity0 with intractable @entity2 using the Quality of Life in Childhood @entity1 Questionnaire (QOLCE). METHODS: The authors conducted a prospective study of the families of 35 @entity0 with intractable @entity1 who underwent @entity1 surgery. Parents completed the QOLCE preoperatively and again 6 to 18 months after surgery. At both assessment dates parents indicated the severity of their @entity0 's @entity2 during the past 6 months and the frequency of their @entity0 's @entity2 during the past 4 weeks on Likert-type scales. @entity0 were split into two groups according to surgery outcome: @entity2 free vs persistent @entity2 . Statistical analyses were conducted to determine if @entity0 rendered @entity2 free showed a greater improvement in QOL compared to those with persistent @entity2 postoperatively. RESULTS: Greater improvement in QOL was documented for @entity0 rendered @entity2 free vs @entity0 with persistent @entity2 . This was significant for the overall QOLCE QOL score and subscales assessing cognitive, social, emotional, behavioral, and physical domains of life. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 surgery improves the quality of life of @entity0 rendered @entity2 free. Families can be counseled preoperatively of the potential benefits of surgery beyond @entity2 reduction.

title: The impact of @entity1 surgery on quality of life in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: To investigate the safety and efficacy of endovascular therapy with combined intra-arterial and intravenous thrombolysis for severe @entity1 . Of the 28 consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 admitted to our hospital in recent 3 years, six @entity0 underwent combined intra-arterial and intravenous thrombolysis. For each @entity0 , local contact thrombolysis was performed with balloon catheter to break clot and urokinase infused for thrombolysis in sinus. At the same time, urokinase (100,000 IU/h) was infused intra-arterially via internal carotid artery to dissolve the venous thrombi. Neurologic outcomes, Glasgow @entity2 scale (GCS), neuroimaging results and modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) were recorded. Of the six treated @entity0 , two were males and four females. Their mean age was 38 +/- 13 (range from 22 to 57) years. Completely recanalization was observed in five @entity0 , whose clinical symptoms recovered completely (mRS score 0). One @entity0 in whom thrombolysis was delayed died the day after the procedure. Endovascular treatment with combined intra-arterial and intravenous thrombolysis may improve neurological outcomes of severe @entity1 .

title: Combined intraarterial and intravenous thrombolysis for severe XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to present characteristic CT and MR findings of calcified @entity3 that correlate with pathological findings and to assess the efficacy of CT for the detection of @entity2 within a mass in comparison to MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1998 and 2009, 10 out of 11 @entity0 who had pathologically confirmed @entity3 showed gross @entity2 on CT images and were included in this study. On CT scans of the 10 @entity0 , the distribution pattern, morphology and number of @entity2 within masses were evaluated. MRI was performed in seven @entity0 and signal intensities of masses were assessed. The pathological results analyzed semi-quantitatively were compared with the density or the size of @entity2 within a mass as seen on a CT scan. RESULTS: Seven of 10 masses were located at the thoracic spine level. Eight masses had intradural locations. The other two masses had extradural locations. Four masses were completely calcified based on standard radiographs and CT. Symptoms duration, the size of the mass and size or number of @entity2 within a mass had no correlation. The location, size, and distribution pattern of @entity2 within masses were variable. On MR images, signal intensity of calcified @entity1 varied on all imaging sequences. All the masses enhanced after injection of intravenous contrast material. CONCLUSION: A calcified @entity3 should be first suggested when extradural or intradural masses located in the spine contain @entity2 regardless of the size or pattern as depicted on CT, especially in the presence of enhancement as seen on MR images.

title: CT and MRI findings of calcified XXXX : correlation with pathological findings.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In @entity1 surgery, techniques and implants must be assessed for their safety and efficacy. Regulatory bodies, third-party payors, and @entity0 will increasingly scrutinize treatment methods based on the frequency of adverse events. We therefore developed a classification of adverse hardware-related events using plain radiographic criteria. We analyzed the adverse events in 466 @entity0 surgically treated for @entity4 for a Type 1 (Lenke et al.) curve. We used plain radiographic films to define complications as either serious radiographic adverse events or radiographic adverse events in four technique groups: posterior spinal fusion with hooks and/or hybrid systems, posterior spinal fusion using mostly pedicle screws, open anterior spinal fusion, and thoracoscopic anterior spinal fusion. We defined serious radiographic adverse events as those requiring subsequent surgery. The minimum followup was 2 years. We found a reoperation rate ranging from 4.5% (open anterior spinal fusion) to 8.8% (posterior spinal fusion with hooks); we found no difference in the incidence of serious radiographic adverse events between surgical techniques. Among serious radiographic adverse events, the most common problems were revision for lumbar progression, rod breakage, and proximal screw pullout in the anterior spinal fusions and instrumentation removal for @entity2 and @entity3 in the posterior spinal fusions. We propose a new radiographic system of adverse hardware-related events for @entity0 with Type 1 @entity4 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Radiographic classification of complications of instrumentation in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to test our hypothesis that priming with @entity4 would prevent @entity3 and difficult ventilation due to @entity2 administration. METHODS: One hundred @entity0 , American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status I or II, were recruited into the study, and randomly allocated to one of four protocols (n = 25 each). @entity2 was administered at 0.2 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) in group A and at 0.7 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) in groups B, C, and D. Priming with @entity5 (0.02 mg.kg(-1)) or @entity4 (0.06 mg.kg(-1)) was performed at the same time as the infusion of @entity2 in groups C and D, respectively. Anesthesia was induced with 1 mg.kg(-1) @entity1 2 min after the start of @entity2 infusion. After the @entity0 had lost consciousness, the anesthesiologist performed mask ventilation, and watched for the presence of @entity3 . Ventilation and @entity3 were evaluated using a scoring system. RESULTS: Of the 100 @entity0 , 9 were excluded; the number of @entity0 in group A was 24, while groups B and D had 22 @entity0 each, and group C had 23 @entity0 . A lower dose of @entity2 (group A) or priming with @entity5 or @entity4 (groups C, D) significantly reduced the incidence of some difficulty with ventilation (P = 0.0010, P = 0.0053, and P = 0.021, respectively, vs group B). Of the @entity0 in group B, 10 (45.5%) developed some difficulty with ventilation, and ventilation was impossible in 2 of them. On the other hand, 1 (4.1%) of the @entity0 in group A, 2 (8.7%) in group C, and 3 (13.6%) in group D developed some difficulty with ventilation. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that priming with @entity4 or @entity5 reduced the incidence of difficult ventilation by avoiding the @entity3 caused by @entity2 .

title: Priming with @entity4 or @entity5 prevents @entity2 -mediated XXXX and difficult ventilation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to test our hypothesis that priming with @entity4 would prevent @entity3 and difficult ventilation due to @entity2 administration. METHODS: One hundred @entity0 , American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status I or II, were recruited into the study, and randomly allocated to one of four protocols (n = 25 each). @entity2 was administered at 0.2 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) in group A and at 0.7 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) in groups B, C, and D. Priming with @entity5 (0.02 mg.kg(-1)) or @entity4 (0.06 mg.kg(-1)) was performed at the same time as the infusion of @entity2 in groups C and D, respectively. Anesthesia was induced with 1 mg.kg(-1) @entity1 2 min after the start of @entity2 infusion. After the @entity0 had lost consciousness, the anesthesiologist performed mask ventilation, and watched for the presence of @entity3 . Ventilation and @entity3 were evaluated using a scoring system. RESULTS: Of the 100 @entity0 , 9 were excluded; the number of @entity0 in group A was 24, while groups B and D had 22 @entity0 each, and group C had 23 @entity0 . A lower dose of @entity2 (group A) or priming with @entity5 or @entity4 (groups C, D) significantly reduced the incidence of some difficulty with ventilation (P = 0.0010, P = 0.0053, and P = 0.021, respectively, vs group B). Of the @entity0 in group B, 10 (45.5%) developed some difficulty with ventilation, and ventilation was impossible in 2 of them. On the other hand, 1 (4.1%) of the @entity0 in group A, 2 (8.7%) in group C, and 3 (13.6%) in group D developed some difficulty with ventilation. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that priming with @entity4 or @entity5 reduced the incidence of difficult ventilation by avoiding the @entity3 caused by @entity2 .

title: Priming with @entity4 or XXXX prevents @entity2 -mediated @entity3 and difficult ventilation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to test our hypothesis that priming with @entity4 would prevent @entity3 and difficult ventilation due to @entity2 administration. METHODS: One hundred @entity0 , American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status I or II, were recruited into the study, and randomly allocated to one of four protocols (n = 25 each). @entity2 was administered at 0.2 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) in group A and at 0.7 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) in groups B, C, and D. Priming with @entity5 (0.02 mg.kg(-1)) or @entity4 (0.06 mg.kg(-1)) was performed at the same time as the infusion of @entity2 in groups C and D, respectively. Anesthesia was induced with 1 mg.kg(-1) @entity1 2 min after the start of @entity2 infusion. After the @entity0 had lost consciousness, the anesthesiologist performed mask ventilation, and watched for the presence of @entity3 . Ventilation and @entity3 were evaluated using a scoring system. RESULTS: Of the 100 @entity0 , 9 were excluded; the number of @entity0 in group A was 24, while groups B and D had 22 @entity0 each, and group C had 23 @entity0 . A lower dose of @entity2 (group A) or priming with @entity5 or @entity4 (groups C, D) significantly reduced the incidence of some difficulty with ventilation (P = 0.0010, P = 0.0053, and P = 0.021, respectively, vs group B). Of the @entity0 in group B, 10 (45.5%) developed some difficulty with ventilation, and ventilation was impossible in 2 of them. On the other hand, 1 (4.1%) of the @entity0 in group A, 2 (8.7%) in group C, and 3 (13.6%) in group D developed some difficulty with ventilation. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that priming with @entity4 or @entity5 reduced the incidence of difficult ventilation by avoiding the @entity3 caused by @entity2 .

title: Priming with XXXX or @entity5 prevents @entity2 -mediated @entity3 and difficult ventilation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to test our hypothesis that priming with @entity4 would prevent @entity3 and difficult ventilation due to @entity2 administration. METHODS: One hundred @entity0 , American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status I or II, were recruited into the study, and randomly allocated to one of four protocols (n = 25 each). @entity2 was administered at 0.2 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) in group A and at 0.7 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) in groups B, C, and D. Priming with @entity5 (0.02 mg.kg(-1)) or @entity4 (0.06 mg.kg(-1)) was performed at the same time as the infusion of @entity2 in groups C and D, respectively. Anesthesia was induced with 1 mg.kg(-1) @entity1 2 min after the start of @entity2 infusion. After the @entity0 had lost consciousness, the anesthesiologist performed mask ventilation, and watched for the presence of @entity3 . Ventilation and @entity3 were evaluated using a scoring system. RESULTS: Of the 100 @entity0 , 9 were excluded; the number of @entity0 in group A was 24, while groups B and D had 22 @entity0 each, and group C had 23 @entity0 . A lower dose of @entity2 (group A) or priming with @entity5 or @entity4 (groups C, D) significantly reduced the incidence of some difficulty with ventilation (P = 0.0010, P = 0.0053, and P = 0.021, respectively, vs group B). Of the @entity0 in group B, 10 (45.5%) developed some difficulty with ventilation, and ventilation was impossible in 2 of them. On the other hand, 1 (4.1%) of the @entity0 in group A, 2 (8.7%) in group C, and 3 (13.6%) in group D developed some difficulty with ventilation. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that priming with @entity4 or @entity5 reduced the incidence of difficult ventilation by avoiding the @entity3 caused by @entity2 .

title: Priming with @entity4 or @entity5 prevents XXXX -mediated @entity3 and difficult ventilation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 65-year-old @entity0 presented with recurrent generalized @entity1 and excoriations of many years' duration. He had been treated with antihistamines, topical corticosteroids, and antibiotics for secondary wound infections, but improvement was only temporary. He had also been hospitalized for leg @entity3 complicated by @entity4 . Examination revealed multiple oval and linear red papules and nodules measuring 0.5 to 2 cm in diameter. Some of the lesions were eroded and had a central crater and yellowish crust. The @entity0 also had @entity5 localized to the posterior scalp, neck, upper back, chest, abdomen, arms, and legs with sparing of the middle and lower back (figures 1 and 2). An @entity3 measuring 1.5 x 2 cm that was surrounded by indurated skin was present on the medial aspect of his right ankle. The @entity3 was partially covered by yellow exudate. There was no evidence of @entity4 . Liver enzyme, serum @entity2 , and @entity8 levels, as well as a chest roentgenogram, were normal. Wound cultures for bacteria and fungi were nonsignificant. A punch biopsy from a representative lesion showed an abrupt epidermal defect with sparse superficial lymphocytic infiltrate in the dermis. The @entity0 was admitted to the hospital to isolate him from his home environment. He received a 10-day course of systemic cephalexin, topical @entity7 ointment for the affected skin areas, and oral @entity6 for @entity1 . Ultraviolet light therapy was instituted once daily and was to continue for 2 months. His lesions had improved moderately by the time he was discharged from the hospital. On follow-up 2 weeks later, his lesions were flat and had resulted in @entity5 . Three months later, however, he had persistent, intense @entity1 , and new excoriations had developed on his forearms and back. He improved after receiving treatment with oral @entity9 .

title: Generalized XXXX without primary lesions. Differential diagnosis and approach to treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe secondary failure of initial @entity1 therapy in @entity0 who achieved initial HbA(1c) ( @entity2 ) <8% and to identify predictors of failure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We identified 1,288 @entity0 who achieved @entity2 <8% within 1 year of initiating @entity1 as their first-ever antihyperglycemic drug. Subjects were followed until they added/switched antihyperglycemics, they terminated health plan membership, or 31 December 2004. We defined secondary failure using two separate but overlapping approaches: 1) addition/switch to another antihyperglycemic drug or 2) first @entity2 measurement >8.0% after at least 6 months on @entity1 . RESULTS: The best @entity2 achieved within 1 year of @entity1 initiation was the most powerful predictor of avoiding secondary failure. Approximately 50% of subjects whose best @entity2 was 7-7.9% added/switched antihyperglycemic drugs within 36 months, whereas it took >60 months for those in the 6-6.9% @entity2 category to reach a 50% failure rate. Those who achieved an @entity2 <6% did not reach a 50% rate of adding/switching drugs until 84 months. For the alternative secondary failure outcome, about half of those whose best @entity2 was 7.0-7.9% reached an @entity2 >8% within 24 months. Only approximately 25% of subjects in the 6-6.9% category failed by 48 months, and >80% of subjects in the <6% category remained below 8% through 60 months. CONCLUSIONS: Whether defined by adding/switching to another drug or by reaching an @entity2 of 8%, secondary failure is inversely associated with the reduction of @entity2 achieved within the 1st year of @entity1 monotherapy.

title: Treatment escalation and rise in HbA1c following successful initial XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity3 (PCG) is a severe form of @entity1 that presents early in life. PCG is a clinical and genetic entity that is distinct from juvenile forms of @entity1 . Inheritance is usually autosomal recessive and therefore the disease might be more common in societies where consanguinity is high. We studied the prevalence of @entity8 ( @entity2 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) mutations in a group of Saudi PCG @entity0 and attempted to correlate the mutation status with the disease severity. METHODS: Genomic DNA was collected from 54 unrelated Saudi PCG families (74 @entity0 ) who were diagnosed as having PCG by standard ophthalmological examinations and screened for mutations in @entity2 and @entity6 by sequencing. We also examined the effect of mutations on the phenotype of @entity0 with PCG (phenotype-genotype correlation). RESULTS: Mutations in @entity2 were identified in 41 (75.9%) of affected @entity0 . No mutation in @entity2 was found in 13 (24.1%) affected @entity0 . We detected a total of 13 mutations: 9 missense mutations ( @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity5 , @entity10 , @entity11 , @entity12 , @entity13 , @entity14 , and @entity15 ), 2 deletions ( @entity16 and @entity17 ), and 2 nonsense mutations ( @entity18 and @entity7 ). Two mutations, @entity13 and @entity11 , were novel. The @entity4 mutation was by far the most common mutation detected. PCG cases with @entity2 mutation(s) presented with a high degree of haze and greater cup/disc ratio than those with no mutation(s). Also, PCG cases with a mutation had higher post operative indices in terms of post operative haze and the need for anti- @entity1 medications. Additionally, the surgical success rate was higher 13/14 (92.9%) among cases without mutation than those with mutation 42/60 (70%). No mutation(s) were found in @entity6 in any of the tested @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 mutations are the predominant cause of PCG in the Saudi Arabian population with @entity4 as the dominant disease-associated allele. PCG cases with a mutation had higher last postoperative visit indices in terms of postoperative haze and the need for anti- @entity1 medications. This will be a valuable parameter in predicting disease severity earlier on and might help in predicting the surgical outcome.

title: Screening of @entity2 and XXXX genes in Saudi families with primary @entity3 : genotype-phenotype correlation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity3 (PCG) is a severe form of @entity1 that presents early in life. PCG is a clinical and genetic entity that is distinct from juvenile forms of @entity1 . Inheritance is usually autosomal recessive and therefore the disease might be more common in societies where consanguinity is high. We studied the prevalence of @entity8 ( @entity2 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) mutations in a group of Saudi PCG @entity0 and attempted to correlate the mutation status with the disease severity. METHODS: Genomic DNA was collected from 54 unrelated Saudi PCG families (74 @entity0 ) who were diagnosed as having PCG by standard ophthalmological examinations and screened for mutations in @entity2 and @entity6 by sequencing. We also examined the effect of mutations on the phenotype of @entity0 with PCG (phenotype-genotype correlation). RESULTS: Mutations in @entity2 were identified in 41 (75.9%) of affected @entity0 . No mutation in @entity2 was found in 13 (24.1%) affected @entity0 . We detected a total of 13 mutations: 9 missense mutations ( @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity5 , @entity10 , @entity11 , @entity12 , @entity13 , @entity14 , and @entity15 ), 2 deletions ( @entity16 and @entity17 ), and 2 nonsense mutations ( @entity18 and @entity7 ). Two mutations, @entity13 and @entity11 , were novel. The @entity4 mutation was by far the most common mutation detected. PCG cases with @entity2 mutation(s) presented with a high degree of haze and greater cup/disc ratio than those with no mutation(s). Also, PCG cases with a mutation had higher post operative indices in terms of post operative haze and the need for anti- @entity1 medications. Additionally, the surgical success rate was higher 13/14 (92.9%) among cases without mutation than those with mutation 42/60 (70%). No mutation(s) were found in @entity6 in any of the tested @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 mutations are the predominant cause of PCG in the Saudi Arabian population with @entity4 as the dominant disease-associated allele. PCG cases with a mutation had higher last postoperative visit indices in terms of postoperative haze and the need for anti- @entity1 medications. This will be a valuable parameter in predicting disease severity earlier on and might help in predicting the surgical outcome.

title: Screening of XXXX and @entity6 genes in Saudi families with primary @entity3 : genotype-phenotype correlation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity3 (PCG) is a severe form of @entity1 that presents early in life. PCG is a clinical and genetic entity that is distinct from juvenile forms of @entity1 . Inheritance is usually autosomal recessive and therefore the disease might be more common in societies where consanguinity is high. We studied the prevalence of @entity8 ( @entity2 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) mutations in a group of Saudi PCG @entity0 and attempted to correlate the mutation status with the disease severity. METHODS: Genomic DNA was collected from 54 unrelated Saudi PCG families (74 @entity0 ) who were diagnosed as having PCG by standard ophthalmological examinations and screened for mutations in @entity2 and @entity6 by sequencing. We also examined the effect of mutations on the phenotype of @entity0 with PCG (phenotype-genotype correlation). RESULTS: Mutations in @entity2 were identified in 41 (75.9%) of affected @entity0 . No mutation in @entity2 was found in 13 (24.1%) affected @entity0 . We detected a total of 13 mutations: 9 missense mutations ( @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity5 , @entity10 , @entity11 , @entity12 , @entity13 , @entity14 , and @entity15 ), 2 deletions ( @entity16 and @entity17 ), and 2 nonsense mutations ( @entity18 and @entity7 ). Two mutations, @entity13 and @entity11 , were novel. The @entity4 mutation was by far the most common mutation detected. PCG cases with @entity2 mutation(s) presented with a high degree of haze and greater cup/disc ratio than those with no mutation(s). Also, PCG cases with a mutation had higher post operative indices in terms of post operative haze and the need for anti- @entity1 medications. Additionally, the surgical success rate was higher 13/14 (92.9%) among cases without mutation than those with mutation 42/60 (70%). No mutation(s) were found in @entity6 in any of the tested @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 mutations are the predominant cause of PCG in the Saudi Arabian population with @entity4 as the dominant disease-associated allele. PCG cases with a mutation had higher last postoperative visit indices in terms of postoperative haze and the need for anti- @entity1 medications. This will be a valuable parameter in predicting disease severity earlier on and might help in predicting the surgical outcome.

title: Screening of @entity2 and @entity6 genes in Saudi families with primary XXXX : genotype-phenotype correlation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Ultrasound diagnostics enable the prenatal diagnosis of extensive @entity1 . The diagnosis is made prenatally or directly after birth in 50-60% of the cases, in about 80% of the afflicted in the first year of life and up to 90% of the cases in the second year of life. PRENATAL DIAGNOSTICS AND POSSIBILITIES OF PRE- AND PERINATAL INTERVENTIONS: The so called @entity4 is a primary symptom, which is detected during the routine ultrasound examination. @entity1 , which are diagnosed antenatally are often associated with @entity2 . The EXIT procedure allows invasive therapeutic or diagnostic interventions. Hereby the airway safety of Newborns with extended cervical or zerviko-facial @entity3 can be warranted. The survival chance and the prognosis may be significantly improved. MANIFESTATION AND ENT-CLINICS: 72 @entity0 (mean age 12.3 yrs) with @entity1 of the Head and Neck presented for the first time during a 5-years period until 31.12.2008 at the Department of Otolaryngology of the University of Marburg. Therapeutic interventions consisted in conventional surgery, laser assisted therapy, sclerosing therapy or a combined therapeutic approach. CONCLUSION: @entity5 of the Head and Neck challenge treating physicians and affected families. Advancements of prenatal diagnostics and opportunities of peri- and postnatal interventions contribute to an improved survival chance and prognosis. Intensive interdisciplinary cooperation in specialised centers is of outstanding importance for an optimal care of these @entity0 .

title: [Therapy for prenatally diagnosed XXXX --multimodal procedure and interdisciplinary challenge].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether whole-body reaching (WBR) could be a task with adequate and gradable dynamic balance challenges for @entity1 @entity0 . DESIGN: A total of 23 subjects with @entity2 , after their first @entity1 , participated in this study. The degree of dynamic balance challenges of WBR was graded by varying the distance to the targets that the subjects had to reach. A foot-pressure measurement system was used to measure the amount of center-of-pressure shift during performance of WBR and sit-to-stand transfer. The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was administered, and the @entity3 total score was calculated. Static and dynamic @entity3 subscores were separately calculated to further understanding of the subject performance regarding balance. Paired t tests were used to examine the effects of target distance on center-of-pressure shift. Correlations between measures of center-of-pressure shift during performance of WBR and of sit-to-stand transfer, @entity3 total score, @entity3 static subscores, and @entity3 dynamic subscores and measures of center-of-pressure shift during performance of sit-to-stand transfer were analyzed. RESULTS: Significant effects of distance on three of the variables representing amount of center-of-pressure shift were found (P < 0.05). The correlations between WBR and sit-to-stand transfer were positive and moderate. The correlations between WBR and sit-to-stand transfer were stronger when the subjects were reaching for a closer target than when reaching for a farther target. The correlations between WBR and @entity3 total score were weak to moderate; the correlations between WBR and three scores of the @entity3 across target distance were inconsistent; and the correlations were higher when the subjects were reaching for a farther target than when reaching for a closer target. CONCLUSIONS: WBR for targets at different distances imposed graded dynamic balance challenges on @entity1 @entity0 and might be an appropriate dynamic balance measure. However, WBR, as applied in this study, showed limitations in measuring the lateral dynamic stability of @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Whole-body reaching as a measure of dynamic balance in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether whole-body reaching (WBR) could be a task with adequate and gradable dynamic balance challenges for @entity1 @entity0 . DESIGN: A total of 23 subjects with @entity2 , after their first @entity1 , participated in this study. The degree of dynamic balance challenges of WBR was graded by varying the distance to the targets that the subjects had to reach. A foot-pressure measurement system was used to measure the amount of center-of-pressure shift during performance of WBR and sit-to-stand transfer. The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was administered, and the @entity3 total score was calculated. Static and dynamic @entity3 subscores were separately calculated to further understanding of the subject performance regarding balance. Paired t tests were used to examine the effects of target distance on center-of-pressure shift. Correlations between measures of center-of-pressure shift during performance of WBR and of sit-to-stand transfer, @entity3 total score, @entity3 static subscores, and @entity3 dynamic subscores and measures of center-of-pressure shift during performance of sit-to-stand transfer were analyzed. RESULTS: Significant effects of distance on three of the variables representing amount of center-of-pressure shift were found (P < 0.05). The correlations between WBR and sit-to-stand transfer were positive and moderate. The correlations between WBR and sit-to-stand transfer were stronger when the subjects were reaching for a closer target than when reaching for a farther target. The correlations between WBR and @entity3 total score were weak to moderate; the correlations between WBR and three scores of the @entity3 across target distance were inconsistent; and the correlations were higher when the subjects were reaching for a farther target than when reaching for a closer target. CONCLUSIONS: WBR for targets at different distances imposed graded dynamic balance challenges on @entity1 @entity0 and might be an appropriate dynamic balance measure. However, WBR, as applied in this study, showed limitations in measuring the lateral dynamic stability of @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Whole-body reaching as a measure of dynamic balance in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and severe @entity3 ( @entity3 with @entity2 ) occurring after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are common causes of morbidity and mortality among cardiac surgical @entity0 . These syndromes are often preceded by a profound vasodilation, characterized by @entity4 occurring during surgery. Many substances have been implicated in their pathophysiology. @entity1 is a strong endogenous vasodilating agent released by endothelial cells and myocytes under metabolic stress and may be involved in blood pressure failure during CPB induced by severe @entity3 . DESIGN: A prospective comparative observational study. SETTING: The operating room and intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital. @entity0 : @entity1 plasma levels (mean+/-sd; APLs) were measured before (baseline), during, and immediately after surgery in 35 @entity0 who underwent aortic valve replacement involving CPB. APLs were correlated to operative and postoperative clinical courses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: APLs were significantly higher in seven @entity0 with @entity4 and postoperative severe @entity3 (1.6 micromol.L [0.2-2.6] vs. 0.4 micromol.L [0.1-1.0]) at baseline and during surgery. The duration of mechanical ventilation and stay in the intensive care unit were significantly longer for @entity0 with higher APLs. Mean arterial pressure was inversely correlated with mean arterial APLs (Pearson's correlation coefficient: R=-0.66; p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: High APLs were found in @entity0 with operative @entity4 and postoperative severe @entity3 occurring after cardiopulmonary bypass. This suggests that @entity1 release is involved in @entity4 that occurs during the systemic inflammatory response to cardiac surgery. Further studies are needed to clarify the association between cytokine production and @entity1 release in severe @entity3 following cardiac surgery.

title: Role of endogenous @entity1 as a predictive marker of XXXX during cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative severe systemic inflammatory response.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and severe @entity3 ( @entity3 with @entity2 ) occurring after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are common causes of morbidity and mortality among cardiac surgical @entity0 . These syndromes are often preceded by a profound vasodilation, characterized by @entity4 occurring during surgery. Many substances have been implicated in their pathophysiology. @entity1 is a strong endogenous vasodilating agent released by endothelial cells and myocytes under metabolic stress and may be involved in blood pressure failure during CPB induced by severe @entity3 . DESIGN: A prospective comparative observational study. SETTING: The operating room and intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital. @entity0 : @entity1 plasma levels (mean+/-sd; APLs) were measured before (baseline), during, and immediately after surgery in 35 @entity0 who underwent aortic valve replacement involving CPB. APLs were correlated to operative and postoperative clinical courses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: APLs were significantly higher in seven @entity0 with @entity4 and postoperative severe @entity3 (1.6 micromol.L [0.2-2.6] vs. 0.4 micromol.L [0.1-1.0]) at baseline and during surgery. The duration of mechanical ventilation and stay in the intensive care unit were significantly longer for @entity0 with higher APLs. Mean arterial pressure was inversely correlated with mean arterial APLs (Pearson's correlation coefficient: R=-0.66; p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: High APLs were found in @entity0 with operative @entity4 and postoperative severe @entity3 occurring after cardiopulmonary bypass. This suggests that @entity1 release is involved in @entity4 that occurs during the systemic inflammatory response to cardiac surgery. Further studies are needed to clarify the association between cytokine production and @entity1 release in severe @entity3 following cardiac surgery.

title: Role of endogenous XXXX as a predictive marker of @entity4 during cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative severe systemic inflammatory response.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided needle biopsy remains one of the most important diagnostic tools in the management of lung nodules; however, it carries a risk of intrapleural dissemination of @entity1 cells. METHODS: CT-guided lung biopsy was performed before surgery in 171 (34.8%) of 491 @entity0 . A coaxial biopsy system was used that comprised a 19-gauge introducer needle and a 20-gauge core biopsy needle. A total of 412 (83.9%) of the 491 @entity0 underwent intraoperative pleural lavage cytology just after thoracotomy. Intraoperative pleural lavage cytology was performed immediately after opening the thorax, after the @entity2 was gently washed with 50 mL of saline. RESULTS: No @entity0 had implantation of @entity1 cells in the chest wall after a median follow-up of 20.2 months. Intraoperative pleural lavage cytology results were positive for 5 (2.9%) of the 171 @entity0 who underwent CT-guided biopsy before surgery, in contrast to 13 (5.4%) of the 241 @entity0 who did not undergo biopsy before surgery. The difference between the biopsy and nonbiopsy groups was not statistically significant. When the analysis was limited to @entity0 with @entity1 , intraoperative pleural lavage cytology results were positive for 1 (0.8%) of the 128 @entity0 who underwent CT-guided biopsy, in contrast to 3 (2.7%) of the 110 @entity0 who did not undergo biopsy. This difference was also not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: No significant association was observed between percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy and intraoperative pleural lavage cytology results, even in @entity0 with @entity1 . Percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy with a coaxial needle does not seem to cause @entity2 .

title: Percutaneous computed tomography-guided lung biopsy and XXXX : an assessment by intraoperative pleural lavage cytology.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a novel visible-light therapy (VLT) device for the prevention of @entity3 in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) @entity0 . A VLT-device suitable for intra-oral use was applied to 20 @entity0 undergoing HSCT. The study design was placebo-controlled, randomized and double-blind. @entity3 was assessed using the OMAS and WHO scales. @entity2 and acceptance levels were scored by the @entity0 using a 10-step scale. @entity0 were evaluated once a week until day 21 post-HSCT. @entity1 rate, severity and @entity2 score were compared. At the third visit, 1week post-HSCT, @entity1 rates were significantly lower in the treatment group (for both WHO and OMAS p=0.02). @entity1 was also less severe in the treatment group (for WHO p=0.01; for OMAS p=0.01). Furthermore, the @entity0 in the treatment group reported @entity2 levels (p=0.04). The treatment was well tolerated and highly accepted, with no reports of adverse events related to the device. These findings suggest that the VLT-device is safe and effective for the prevention of @entity3 in @entity0 undergoing HSCT.

title: A randomized controlled trial of visible-light therapy for the prevention of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Advanced @entity4 (CKD) is closely associated with a pro-inflammatory condition, with an increase in @entity2 -rich lipoproteins and decrease in HDL level. HDL contains antioxidant enzymes such as paraoxonase ( @entity3 ), whose activity is diminished in CKD. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity3 activity with HDL @entity1 , @entity6 and hs-CRP levels, which are known to be inflammatory markers in hemodialyzed @entity0 . Forty-two @entity0 were studied; age, median (range) = 50 (25-67) years old, gender M/F = 22/20, duration of hemodialysis = 4.4    0.5 years, BMI: 23    0.5 kg/m2. After a 12 h fast, a blood sample was obtained and classic components of lipid profile were determined, as well as apoproteins @entity7 , @entity3 by means of its arylsterase activity and hs-CRP levels. On the basis of the latter, @entity0 were divided into two groups: hs- @entity8 (low risk, range: 0.1 to 1.0 mg/l) and > 1 mg/l (moderate and high risk, 1.1 to 10.7 mg/l). No difference was found in @entity5 , LDL @entity1 and apo B in the groups. @entity0 with hs- @entity8 showed lower HDL @entity1 (40    2 mg/dl) and @entity6 (118    4 mg/dl) than @entity0 with hs- @entity8 (50    4 and 133    5, respectively); p < 0.05. @entity3 was lower in hs- @entity8 = 90.5    24.0   mol/ml.min than in hs- @entity8 = 105.2    18.0. Consequently, inverse correlations were obtained between @entity6 and hs-CRP, r = -0.381, p = 0.013 and between @entity3 and hs-CRP, r = -0.32, p = 0.042. Furthermore, increase in hs-CRP correlated positively with BMI r = 0.318, p = 0.042. Since @entity6 has an anti-inflammatory role and @entity3 an antioxidant activity, the decrease in HDL and its components, @entity1 , @entity6 and @entity3 , in subjects with higher chronic inflammatory condition might explain, in part, the increased cardiovascular risk in these @entity0 .

title: [Relation between paraoxonase activity, other HDL components and inflammatory state in hemodialyzed XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. To improve survival for @entity0 with @entity2 , research has focused on other treatment modalities like adding biological modulators such as type-I interferons (IFNs). Type I IFNs (ie, @entity4 / @entity3 ) have antiproliferative, antiviral, and immunoregulatory activities. Furthermore, they are able to induce apoptosis, exert cell cycle blocking, and sensitize @entity1 cells for chemo- and radiotherapy. A few years ago in vitro, in vivo, and several clinical trials have been described regarding adjuvant @entity4 therapy in the treatment of @entity2 . Some studies reported a remarkable increase in the 2- and 5-year survival. Unfortunately, the only randomized clinical trial did not show a significant increase in overall survival, although the increased median survival implicated that some @entity0 in the experimental group benefited from the adjuvant @entity4 therapy. Furthermore, encouraging in vitro and in vivo data points to a possible role for adjuvant @entity4 therapy. However, up till now, the use of IFNs in the treatment of @entity2 remains controversial. This review, therefore, aims to describe, based on the available data, whether there is a distinct role for @entity4 therapy in the treatment of @entity2 .

title: Potentials of Interferon Therapy in the Treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In @entity6 , the cellular requirements for @entity2 (ALA) are in part regulated by the level of ALA synthase activity, which is encoded by the @entity8 and @entity9 genes. Under standard growth conditions, only the @entity8 gene is transcribed, and the level of ALA synthase activity varies in response to @entity0 tension. The presence of an FNR consensus sequence upstream of @entity8 suggested that @entity0 regulation of @entity8 expression could be mediated, in part, through a homolog of the fnr gene. Two independent studies, one detailed here, identified a region of the @entity6 genome containing extensive homology to the fix region of the symbiotic @entity1 -fixing bacteria @entity4 and @entity5 . Within this region that maps to 443 kbp on chromsome I, we have identified an fnr homolog ( @entity7 ), as well as a gene that codes for an anaerobic coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, the second such gene identified in this organism. We also present an analysis of the role of @entity7 in the physiology of @entity6 through the construction and characterization of @entity7 -null strains. Our results further show that @entity7 is essential for both photosynthetic and anaerobic-dark growth with @entity3 . Analysis of @entity8 expression, with @entity8 ::lacZ transcriptional fusions, suggests that @entity7 is an activator of @entity8 under anaerobic conditions. On the other hand, the open reading frame immediately upstream of @entity8 appears to be an activator of @entity8 transcription regardless of either the presence or the absence of @entity0 or @entity7 . Given the lack of @entity9 expression under these conditions, we consider @entity7 regulation of @entity8 expression to be a major factor in bringing about changes in the level of ALA synthase activity in response to changes in @entity0 tension.

title: Aerobic and anaerobic regulation in XXXX : the role of the @entity7 gene.

answer: @entity6


abstract: In @entity6 , the cellular requirements for @entity2 (ALA) are in part regulated by the level of ALA synthase activity, which is encoded by the @entity8 and @entity9 genes. Under standard growth conditions, only the @entity8 gene is transcribed, and the level of ALA synthase activity varies in response to @entity0 tension. The presence of an FNR consensus sequence upstream of @entity8 suggested that @entity0 regulation of @entity8 expression could be mediated, in part, through a homolog of the fnr gene. Two independent studies, one detailed here, identified a region of the @entity6 genome containing extensive homology to the fix region of the symbiotic @entity1 -fixing bacteria @entity4 and @entity5 . Within this region that maps to 443 kbp on chromsome I, we have identified an fnr homolog ( @entity7 ), as well as a gene that codes for an anaerobic coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, the second such gene identified in this organism. We also present an analysis of the role of @entity7 in the physiology of @entity6 through the construction and characterization of @entity7 -null strains. Our results further show that @entity7 is essential for both photosynthetic and anaerobic-dark growth with @entity3 . Analysis of @entity8 expression, with @entity8 ::lacZ transcriptional fusions, suggests that @entity7 is an activator of @entity8 under anaerobic conditions. On the other hand, the open reading frame immediately upstream of @entity8 appears to be an activator of @entity8 transcription regardless of either the presence or the absence of @entity0 or @entity7 . Given the lack of @entity9 expression under these conditions, we consider @entity7 regulation of @entity8 expression to be a major factor in bringing about changes in the level of ALA synthase activity in response to changes in @entity0 tension.

title: Aerobic and anaerobic regulation in @entity6 : the role of the XXXX gene.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the present study, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) along with various surfactants loaded with @entity0 ( @entity1 ) were prepared by an emulsification technique using a Box-Behnken design. The Box-Behnken design indicated that the most effective factors on the size and PDI were at high surfactant concentration (1.5%), low lipids ratio (6:4) and medium homogenization speed (6000   rpm). Among all the formulations, @entity3 -loaded NLCs show least particle size compared to @entity3 and @entity3 . Entrapment efficiency of @entity3 , @entity3 and @entity3 -loaded formulations were 82.40, 85.60 and 79.78%, respectively. Drug release of @entity3 , @entity3 and @entity3 -loaded NLCs is 64.9, 62.3 and 59.7%, respectively (within 72   h). Maximum cellular uptake was observed with @entity3 formulation on Caco-2 cell lines. Furthermore, spray drying of resultant NLCs was showed good flow properties and was selected for drug delivery to deeper airways. In-vivo studies demonstrated the better localization of drug within the lungs using different surfactant-based pulmonary delivery systems. From this study, we have concluded that delivering drugs through pulmonary route is advantageous for local action in lungs as maximum amount of drug concentration was observed in lungs. The surfactants could prove to be beneficial in treating drug resistance lung cancer by inhibiting @entity2 efflux in the form of nano lipidic carriers.

title: Development, optimization and evaluation of surfactant-based pulmonary nanolipid carrier system of XXXX for the management of drug resistance lung cancer using Box-Behnken design.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The evolution of idiopathic membranous membranous (MNi) is variable, treatment is discussed. Our work's main objective was to evaluate the results of a standardized management strategy proposed in 2006 in Lorraine (Nephrolor health network). The secondary objective was to evaluate the professional practices. @entity0 ET METHODS: This study compared the evolution of incident MNi between 2002 and 2005 (Before) and between 2007 and 2010 (After), the respective dates point to 31/12/2011 and 31/12/2006. In @entity3 @entity0 without @entity2 , the risk assessment of end stage @entity1 based on urinary @entity4 (ub2  m, threshold to 0,5   g/min). @entity0 at high risk should receive immunosuppressive therapy (IS). RESULTS: Seventy-four biopsy-proven MNi were diagnosed with 50  @entity3 (22 Before and 28 After) of which 20 had normal renal function. In these @entity3 , there was no significant difference in the probability and the average time of remission between the two groups (P=0.26). Dosage of ub2m was performed in 35% of cases. Fifty percent were treated with IS respecting strategy. CONCLUSION: Despite differences between the strategy and practices, which may explain these non-significant results, we observed changes in thinking and therapeutic attitude of the clinician. The implementation of this strategy tends to standardize and improve practices about MNi in Lorraine, which seems to improve results in remission. We encourage to generalize the application of this strategy and to continue this cohort follow.

title: [Management of idiopathic XXXX : Evaluation of a standardized strategy in a Lorraine health network.]

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 is a key component of biologically active molecules and a pharmaceutically important chiral building block. It can be stereoselectively produced from @entity6 by a two-step bioconversion involving @entity6 a-oxidase and    (1)-piperideine-2-carboxylae (Pip2C) reductase. In this study, we focused on an @entity6 a-oxidase from @entity9 that was originally identified as an @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and applied the enzyme to one-pot fermentation of @entity8 in @entity4 . A synthetic gene coding for an @entity0 was expressed in @entity4 , and the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. The purified enzyme was determined to be a homodimer with a molecular mass of 133.9  kDa. The enzyme essentially exhibited the same substrate specificity as the native enzyme. Optimal temperature and pH for the enzymatic reaction were 70   C  and 7.4, respectively. The enzyme was stable below 60    C and at a pH range of 5.5-7.5 but was markedly inhibited by @entity3 . To establish a one-pot fermentation system for the synthesis of optically pure @entity8 from DL-lysine, an @entity4 carrying a plasmid encoding @entity0 , Pip2C reductase from @entity7 , @entity1 racemase from @entity7 , and @entity2 dehydrogenase from @entity5 was constructed. The one-pot process produced 45.1  g/L of @entity8 (87.4  % yield from DL- @entity1 ) after a 46-h reaction with high optical purity (>99.9  % enantiomeric excess).

title: Functional expression of @entity6 a-oxidase from @entity9 in XXXX for one-pot synthesis of @entity8 from DL-lysine.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 is a key component of biologically active molecules and a pharmaceutically important chiral building block. It can be stereoselectively produced from @entity6 by a two-step bioconversion involving @entity6 a-oxidase and    (1)-piperideine-2-carboxylae (Pip2C) reductase. In this study, we focused on an @entity6 a-oxidase from @entity9 that was originally identified as an @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and applied the enzyme to one-pot fermentation of @entity8 in @entity4 . A synthetic gene coding for an @entity0 was expressed in @entity4 , and the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. The purified enzyme was determined to be a homodimer with a molecular mass of 133.9  kDa. The enzyme essentially exhibited the same substrate specificity as the native enzyme. Optimal temperature and pH for the enzymatic reaction were 70   C  and 7.4, respectively. The enzyme was stable below 60    C and at a pH range of 5.5-7.5 but was markedly inhibited by @entity3 . To establish a one-pot fermentation system for the synthesis of optically pure @entity8 from DL-lysine, an @entity4 carrying a plasmid encoding @entity0 , Pip2C reductase from @entity7 , @entity1 racemase from @entity7 , and @entity2 dehydrogenase from @entity5 was constructed. The one-pot process produced 45.1  g/L of @entity8 (87.4  % yield from DL- @entity1 ) after a 46-h reaction with high optical purity (>99.9  % enantiomeric excess).

title: Functional expression of XXXX a-oxidase from @entity9 in @entity4 for one-pot synthesis of @entity8 from DL-lysine.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 is a key component of biologically active molecules and a pharmaceutically important chiral building block. It can be stereoselectively produced from @entity6 by a two-step bioconversion involving @entity6 a-oxidase and    (1)-piperideine-2-carboxylae (Pip2C) reductase. In this study, we focused on an @entity6 a-oxidase from @entity9 that was originally identified as an @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and applied the enzyme to one-pot fermentation of @entity8 in @entity4 . A synthetic gene coding for an @entity0 was expressed in @entity4 , and the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. The purified enzyme was determined to be a homodimer with a molecular mass of 133.9  kDa. The enzyme essentially exhibited the same substrate specificity as the native enzyme. Optimal temperature and pH for the enzymatic reaction were 70   C  and 7.4, respectively. The enzyme was stable below 60    C and at a pH range of 5.5-7.5 but was markedly inhibited by @entity3 . To establish a one-pot fermentation system for the synthesis of optically pure @entity8 from DL-lysine, an @entity4 carrying a plasmid encoding @entity0 , Pip2C reductase from @entity7 , @entity1 racemase from @entity7 , and @entity2 dehydrogenase from @entity5 was constructed. The one-pot process produced 45.1  g/L of @entity8 (87.4  % yield from DL- @entity1 ) after a 46-h reaction with high optical purity (>99.9  % enantiomeric excess).

title: Functional expression of @entity6 a-oxidase from @entity9 in @entity4 for one-pot synthesis of XXXX from DL-lysine.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 is a key component of biologically active molecules and a pharmaceutically important chiral building block. It can be stereoselectively produced from @entity6 by a two-step bioconversion involving @entity6 a-oxidase and    (1)-piperideine-2-carboxylae (Pip2C) reductase. In this study, we focused on an @entity6 a-oxidase from @entity9 that was originally identified as an @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and applied the enzyme to one-pot fermentation of @entity8 in @entity4 . A synthetic gene coding for an @entity0 was expressed in @entity4 , and the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. The purified enzyme was determined to be a homodimer with a molecular mass of 133.9  kDa. The enzyme essentially exhibited the same substrate specificity as the native enzyme. Optimal temperature and pH for the enzymatic reaction were 70   C  and 7.4, respectively. The enzyme was stable below 60    C and at a pH range of 5.5-7.5 but was markedly inhibited by @entity3 . To establish a one-pot fermentation system for the synthesis of optically pure @entity8 from DL-lysine, an @entity4 carrying a plasmid encoding @entity0 , Pip2C reductase from @entity7 , @entity1 racemase from @entity7 , and @entity2 dehydrogenase from @entity5 was constructed. The one-pot process produced 45.1  g/L of @entity8 (87.4  % yield from DL- @entity1 ) after a 46-h reaction with high optical purity (>99.9  % enantiomeric excess).

title: Functional expression of @entity6 a-oxidase from XXXX in @entity4 for one-pot synthesis of @entity8 from DL-lysine.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoprosthetic reconstruction of the proximal humerus is one of the standard procedures after resection of @entity1 of the proximal humerus and has been considered a reliable method to reconstruct the proximal humerus in recent reports. However, instability of the shoulder joint caused by loss of the rotator cuff and deltoid muscle function is often observed after such an endoprosthetic reconstruction. METHODS: We performed the endoprosthesis suspension method with @entity2 monofilament knitted mesh. This suspension method, by which the endoprosthesis is suspended from the bone structure, was used after resection of @entity1 in 9 @entity0 . We assessed postoperative stability of the shoulder joint by comparing these @entity0 with 12 @entity0 who underwent the conventional surgical technique, by which the mesh-wrapped endoprosthesis is attached only to soft tissue. RESULTS: In radiographic and physical evaluation, 4 of the 12 @entity0 in the soft tissue reconstruction group showed shoulder joint instability. No @entity0 in the suspension method group showed subluxation of the humeral prosthesis. The mean shoulder flexion was 35   and 65   and the mean shoulder abduction was 40   and 40   for the soft tissue reconstruction group and the suspension method group, respectively. DISCUSSION: Shoulder joint subluxation sometimes occurs because of elongation of the attached soft tissue in the conventional reconstruction with mesh, whereas no shoulder joint subluxation occurs after endoprosthetic reconstruction in the suspension method because the bone structure has no leeway for elongation. Excellent stability of our new method enables exercise of the surgical shoulder at an early stage, leading to improved range of shoulder joint motion.

title: New endoprosthesis suspension method with XXXX monofilament knitted mesh after resection of bone tumors in proximal humerus.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to assess whether an intercalated dosing schedule of @entity4 and @entity2 could avoid possible negative interactions and optimize the benefit obtained as second-line therapy in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A phase II randomized clinical trial was designed for advanced @entity1 @entity0 in whom previous chemotherapy treatment had failed. The experimental arm with 33 @entity0 consisted of @entity4 150 mg/d orally, intermittent administration on days 2 to 16 every 21 days, combined with @entity2 75 mg/m(2) every 21 days; the control arm with 35 @entity0 consisted of @entity4 150 mg/d orally, administered continuously. The study's primary end point was the proportion of @entity0 who remained progression-free  at 6 months in the 2 arms. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity0 who remained progression-free at 6 months was of 5 @entity0 (15%) in the intercalated arm and 3 @entity0 (9%) in the @entity4 monotherapy arm respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS)  was 3.0 versus 2.1 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-1.06; P  = .086). Median @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was 7.5 and 5.2 months (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.41-1.19; P  = .19). Disease control rates were 51.7% and 36.4%, respectively. No new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSION: @entity4 and @entity2 with intermittent administration of @entity4 improved PFS, @entity3 , and disease control rates compared with @entity4 alone. All of our results indicated that an intercalated dosing schedule of @entity4 and @entity2 could be more efficient than @entity4 treatment  alone. Therefore, further studies should be developed in a larger number of @entity0 . This study has shown the  absence of antagonism between @entity2 and @entity4 when given in an intercalated fashion.

title: Intercalated Dosing Schedule of @entity4 and @entity2 as a Therapeutic Strategy to Avoid Antagonism and Optimize Its Benefits in Advanced XXXX . A  Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to assess whether an intercalated dosing schedule of @entity4 and @entity2 could avoid possible negative interactions and optimize the benefit obtained as second-line therapy in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A phase II randomized clinical trial was designed for advanced @entity1 @entity0 in whom previous chemotherapy treatment had failed. The experimental arm with 33 @entity0 consisted of @entity4 150 mg/d orally, intermittent administration on days 2 to 16 every 21 days, combined with @entity2 75 mg/m(2) every 21 days; the control arm with 35 @entity0 consisted of @entity4 150 mg/d orally, administered continuously. The study's primary end point was the proportion of @entity0 who remained progression-free  at 6 months in the 2 arms. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity0 who remained progression-free at 6 months was of 5 @entity0 (15%) in the intercalated arm and 3 @entity0 (9%) in the @entity4 monotherapy arm respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS)  was 3.0 versus 2.1 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-1.06; P  = .086). Median @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was 7.5 and 5.2 months (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.41-1.19; P  = .19). Disease control rates were 51.7% and 36.4%, respectively. No new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSION: @entity4 and @entity2 with intermittent administration of @entity4 improved PFS, @entity3 , and disease control rates compared with @entity4 alone. All of our results indicated that an intercalated dosing schedule of @entity4 and @entity2 could be more efficient than @entity4 treatment  alone. Therefore, further studies should be developed in a larger number of @entity0 . This study has shown the  absence of antagonism between @entity2 and @entity4 when given in an intercalated fashion.

title: Intercalated Dosing Schedule of XXXX and @entity2 as a Therapeutic Strategy to Avoid Antagonism and Optimize Its Benefits in Advanced @entity1 . A  Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to assess whether an intercalated dosing schedule of @entity4 and @entity2 could avoid possible negative interactions and optimize the benefit obtained as second-line therapy in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A phase II randomized clinical trial was designed for advanced @entity1 @entity0 in whom previous chemotherapy treatment had failed. The experimental arm with 33 @entity0 consisted of @entity4 150 mg/d orally, intermittent administration on days 2 to 16 every 21 days, combined with @entity2 75 mg/m(2) every 21 days; the control arm with 35 @entity0 consisted of @entity4 150 mg/d orally, administered continuously. The study's primary end point was the proportion of @entity0 who remained progression-free  at 6 months in the 2 arms. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity0 who remained progression-free at 6 months was of 5 @entity0 (15%) in the intercalated arm and 3 @entity0 (9%) in the @entity4 monotherapy arm respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS)  was 3.0 versus 2.1 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-1.06; P  = .086). Median @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was 7.5 and 5.2 months (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.41-1.19; P  = .19). Disease control rates were 51.7% and 36.4%, respectively. No new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSION: @entity4 and @entity2 with intermittent administration of @entity4 improved PFS, @entity3 , and disease control rates compared with @entity4 alone. All of our results indicated that an intercalated dosing schedule of @entity4 and @entity2 could be more efficient than @entity4 treatment  alone. Therefore, further studies should be developed in a larger number of @entity0 . This study has shown the  absence of antagonism between @entity2 and @entity4 when given in an intercalated fashion.

title: Intercalated Dosing Schedule of @entity4 and XXXX as a Therapeutic Strategy to Avoid Antagonism and Optimize Its Benefits in Advanced @entity1 . A  Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate if the treatments with @entity5 and @entity0 are risk factors for the emergence of cephalosporin resistant (CR) @entity1 in a @entity2 farm during the rearing period. One hundred 7-day-old piglets were divided into two groups, a control (n = 50) group and a group parenterally treated with @entity5 (n = 50). During the fattening period, both groups were subdivided in two. A second treatment with @entity0 was administered in feed to two of the four groups, as follows: group 1 (untreated, n = 20), group 2 (treated with @entity0 , n = 26), group 3 (treated with @entity5 , n = 20), and group 4 (treated with @entity5 and @entity0 , n = 26). During treatment with @entity5 , fecal samples were collected before treatment (day 0) and at days 2, 7, 14, 21, and 42 posttreatment, whereas with @entity0 , the sampling was extended 73 days posttreatment. CR @entity1 bacteria were selected on MacConkey agar with @entity3 (1 mg/liter). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), MICs of 14 antimicrobials, the presence of @entity4 resistance genes, and replicon typing of plasmids were analyzed. Both treatments generated an increase in the prevalence of CR @entity1 , which was statistically significant in the treated groups. Resistance diminished after treatment. A total of 47 CR @entity1 isolates were recovered during the study period; of these, 15 contained blaCTX-M-1, 10 contained @entity7 , 4 contained blaCTX-M-9, 2 contained @entity6 , and 5 contained blaSHV-12. The treatment with @entity5 and @entity0 was associated with the emergence of CR @entity1 during the course of the treatment. However, by the time of finishing, CR @entity1 bacteria were not recovered from the animals.

title: Impact of the Use of b-Lactam Antimicrobials on the Emergence of XXXX Isolates Resistant to Cephalosporins under Standard @entity2 -Rearing Conditions.

answer: @entity1