abstract: Radish (Raphanus sativus) is a food plant known worldwide. From antiquity it has been used in folk medicine as a natural drug against many toxicants. @entity5 (zen) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin present in @entity2 and food mixture for farm animals and it is hepatotoxic, hematotoxic, immunotoxic, nephrotoxic and genotoxic. The objectives of the present study were to assess the biological activity of radish extract and to evaluate the protective role of radish extract against the @entity1 of zen in female Balb/c @entity0 . Animals were divided into seven groups and treated orally for 10 days as follows: a control, an olive oil group, groups treated with radish extract alone (5, 10 and 15 mg kg(-1) b.w.), a group treated with zen (40 mg kg(-1) b.w.) and a group treated with zen plus the lowest dose of radish extract. The results indicate that radish extract improved the antioxidant status and had no significant effects on hematological and biochemical parameters tested or histology of the liver and kidney. Treatment with zen results in a significant increase in @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity6 , BILT, BILD, CRE accompanied with significant changes in most of hematological parameters and the antioxidant enzyme activities, co-treatment of zen and the radish extract results in a significant reestablishment of hematological, serum biochemical parameters, and the histology of the liver and kidney. These findings suggest that radish extract is safe and can be overcome or, at least, significantly diminish zen effects.

title: Tunisian radish extract (Raphanus sativus) enhances the antioxidant status and protects against oxidative stress induced by @entity5 in Balb/c XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Osteophytes of the cervical spine are usually seen in elderly adults. When prominent, they have been blamed for @entity4 , cough, @entity9 and dyspnoea. This paper reports on an @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 with cervical spinal @entity8 , one cause of @entity3 . A 75-year-old male complained of pronounced snoring. The diagnosis was mild @entity1 , apnoea hypopnoea index was 9.4. @entity0 reported no restrictions in neck movements, experiences of neck @entity6 . Previously, @entity0 underwent a tonsillectomy due to discomfort in the pharyngeal region. A lateral cephalometric image was taken to observe airway before oral appliance therapy. The image revealed the presence of large @entity8 or @entity2 , lying on anterior surfaces from the fourth to seventh cervical vertebrae. A computed tomography (CT) image revealed the relationship of airway position to the spine. In the reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) image, the airway appeared displaced to the right of the craniomandiblar bone, with the hyoid bone similarly displaced in a manner to that of the airway. The spine also appeared displaced to the left side ofcraniomandiblar bone. Additionally, the 3D image revealed calcification of the stylohyoideum ligament and ligamentum nuchae. This present case highlights the necessity of CT examination for @entity1 @entity0 . There were several ligament calcifications in the head and neck region. Cervical spine @entity8 , as a component of @entity7 , have been associated with @entity4 and @entity9 . It was reported that bilateral @entity5 was caused by @entity8 compressing the post-cricoid area of larynx.

title: A case of @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Osteophytes of the cervical spine are usually seen in elderly adults. When prominent, they have been blamed for @entity4 , cough, @entity9 and dyspnoea. This paper reports on an @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 with cervical spinal @entity8 , one cause of @entity3 . A 75-year-old male complained of pronounced snoring. The diagnosis was mild @entity1 , apnoea hypopnoea index was 9.4. @entity0 reported no restrictions in neck movements, experiences of neck @entity6 . Previously, @entity0 underwent a tonsillectomy due to discomfort in the pharyngeal region. A lateral cephalometric image was taken to observe airway before oral appliance therapy. The image revealed the presence of large @entity8 or @entity2 , lying on anterior surfaces from the fourth to seventh cervical vertebrae. A computed tomography (CT) image revealed the relationship of airway position to the spine. In the reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) image, the airway appeared displaced to the right of the craniomandiblar bone, with the hyoid bone similarly displaced in a manner to that of the airway. The spine also appeared displaced to the left side ofcraniomandiblar bone. Additionally, the 3D image revealed calcification of the stylohyoideum ligament and ligamentum nuchae. This present case highlights the necessity of CT examination for @entity1 @entity0 . There were several ligament calcifications in the head and neck region. Cervical spine @entity8 , as a component of @entity7 , have been associated with @entity4 and @entity9 . It was reported that bilateral @entity5 was caused by @entity8 compressing the post-cricoid area of larynx.

title: A case of XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary endpoint of this study was to estimate the efficacy of endovascular interventions - @entity9 - (occlusion and chemoinfusion of the internal iliac arteries- IIA) in the control of bleeding of @entity0 with advanced cervical and @entity8 . @entity1 response and survival were also estimated. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity9 were carried out in 95 @entity0 with advanced @entity3 (study group). In 82 (86%) of them @entity9 preceded primary radiotherapy. Autoclots, Ivalon, and Gelfoam were used for @entity4 . In 43 @entity0 intraarterial chemotherapy was followed by occlusion of the internal iliac arteries (IIA). For chemoinfusion, @entity7 (120 mg/m(2)), and later the combination of @entity7 , @entity5 and @entity6 (CAP) were administered into the femoral artery using the Seldinger method. These @entity0 were compared with a similar group of 143 @entity0 treated with radiotherapy alone (control group). RESULTS: Bleeding was controlled by embolization in all 95 @entity0 with @entity9 and in 122 (85.3%) @entity0 of the control group (p <0.01). Repeat angiographic studies in @entity0 undergoing chemoembolization showed complete remission (CR) in 7%, partial remission (PR) in 63% and disease stabilization (SD) in 30% of the @entity0 . The corresponding figures for the control group were 5%, 54% and 23%, while @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was observed in 18% of the @entity0 of this group. The 3-year overall survival was 47% versus 36% in the study and control groups, respectively (p <0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity9 is a method effective in stopping bleeding in @entity0 with advanced @entity3 . Chemoembolization of the IIA increases the efficacy of subsequent radiotherapy in @entity0 with advanced @entity3 .

title: Endovascular interventions in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The 120-kD gelation factor and @entity7 are among the most abundant F-actin cross-linking proteins in @entity5 . Both molecules are homodimers and have extended rod-like configurations that are respectively approximately 35 and 40 nm long. Here we report the complete cDNA sequence of the 120-kD gelation factor which codes for a protein of 857 @entity2 . Its calculated molecular mass is 92.2 kD which is considerably smaller than suggested by its mobility in SDS-PAGE. Analysis of the sequence shows a region that is highly homologous to @entity5 @entity7 , @entity3 fibroblast @entity7 , and @entity0 @entity6 . This conserved domain probably represents an actin binding site that is connected to the rod-forming part of the molecule via a highly charged stretch of @entity2 . Whereas the sequence of @entity7 (Noegel, A., W. Witke, and M. Schleicher. 1987. FEBS [Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc.] Lett. 221:391-396) suggests that the extended rod domain of the molecule is based on four spectrin-like repeats with high alpha-helix potential, the rod domain of the 120-kD gelation factor is constructed from six 100-residue repeats that have a high content of @entity4 and @entity1 residues and which, in contrast to @entity7 , do not appear to have a high alpha-helical content. These repeats show a distinctive pattern of regions that have high beta-sheet potential alternating with short zones rich in residues with a high potential for turns. This observation suggests that each 100-residue motif has a cross-beta conformation with approximately nine sheets arranged perpendicular to the long axis of the molecule. In the high beta-potential zones every second residue is often hydrophobic. In a cross-beta structure, this pattern would result in one side of the domain having a surface rich in hydrophobic side chains which could account for the dimerization of the 120-kD gelation factor subunits.

title: The @entity5 gelation factor shares a putative actin binding site with alpha-actinins and XXXX and also has a rod domain containing six 100-residue motifs that appear to have a cross-beta conformation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The 120-kD gelation factor and @entity7 are among the most abundant F-actin cross-linking proteins in @entity5 . Both molecules are homodimers and have extended rod-like configurations that are respectively approximately 35 and 40 nm long. Here we report the complete cDNA sequence of the 120-kD gelation factor which codes for a protein of 857 @entity2 . Its calculated molecular mass is 92.2 kD which is considerably smaller than suggested by its mobility in SDS-PAGE. Analysis of the sequence shows a region that is highly homologous to @entity5 @entity7 , @entity3 fibroblast @entity7 , and @entity0 @entity6 . This conserved domain probably represents an actin binding site that is connected to the rod-forming part of the molecule via a highly charged stretch of @entity2 . Whereas the sequence of @entity7 (Noegel, A., W. Witke, and M. Schleicher. 1987. FEBS [Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc.] Lett. 221:391-396) suggests that the extended rod domain of the molecule is based on four spectrin-like repeats with high alpha-helix potential, the rod domain of the 120-kD gelation factor is constructed from six 100-residue repeats that have a high content of @entity4 and @entity1 residues and which, in contrast to @entity7 , do not appear to have a high alpha-helical content. These repeats show a distinctive pattern of regions that have high beta-sheet potential alternating with short zones rich in residues with a high potential for turns. This observation suggests that each 100-residue motif has a cross-beta conformation with approximately nine sheets arranged perpendicular to the long axis of the molecule. In the high beta-potential zones every second residue is often hydrophobic. In a cross-beta structure, this pattern would result in one side of the domain having a surface rich in hydrophobic side chains which could account for the dimerization of the 120-kD gelation factor subunits.

title: The XXXX gelation factor shares a putative actin binding site with alpha-actinins and @entity6 and also has a rod domain containing six 100-residue motifs that appear to have a cross-beta conformation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical and imaging features of @entity0 with @entity3 primarily involving extraocular muscles were evaluated. METHODS: This retrospective case series includes @entity0 with @entity3 whose only ophthalmic manifestation was extraocular muscle enlargement. Demographic data, clinical information on the @entity1 , prominent ocular signs and symptoms, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics, treatments applied and the outcomes were collected. RESULTS: Five @entity0 were diagnosed as leukaemic infiltration of extraocular muscle between 1995 and 2008. The age at presentation ranged between 3 and 61 years. @entity5 was the diagnosis in two @entity0 , and @entity6 , @entity4 and biphenotypic acute @entity3 were found in one @entity0 each, respectively. One @entity0 had bilateral involvement. The lateral rectus muscle was affected in four @entity0 and the superior rectus muscle in one case. @entity2 was the most common finding. In one @entity0 who had no prior history of @entity3 , an incisional biopsy established the diagnosis. All @entity0 received multi-agent chemotherapy. Four @entity0 expired after a rapid decline of the systemic status within a mean period of 7 months. CONCLUSIONS: Leukaemic infiltration of extraocular muscles is a rare and late manifestation of the advanced disease associated with relapse and there seems to be a predilection for the lateral rectus muscle. Systemic prognosis remains dismal despite intensive chemotherapy.

title: Isolated extraocular muscle involvement as the ophthalmic manifestation of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Activation of both the complement system and the contact system of @entity3 is implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity2 . Because @entity4 ( @entity4 ) regulates the activation of both cascade systems, we studied the characteristics of plasma @entity4 in 48 @entity0 with severe @entity2 on admission to the Intensive Care Unit at the Free University of Amsterdam. The ratio between the level of functional and antigenic @entity4 (functional index) was significantly reduced in the @entity0 with @entity2 compared with healthy volunteers (P = 0.004). The assessment of modified (cleaved), inactive @entity4 ( @entity5 -Inh), and complexed forms of @entity4 (nonfunctional @entity4 species) revealed that the reduced functional index was mainly due to the presence of @entity5 -Inh. On @entity1 -PAGE, @entity5 -Inh species migrated with a lower apparent molecular weight (Mr 98,000, 91,000, and 86,000) than native @entity4 (Mr 110,000). Elevated @entity5 -Inh levels (greater than or equal to 0.13 microM) were found in 81% of all @entity0 , sometimes up to 1.6 microM. Levels of @entity5 -Inh on admission appeared to be of prognostic value: @entity5 -Inh was higher in 27 @entity0 who died than in 21 @entity0 who survived (P = 0.003). The mortality in 15 @entity0 with @entity5 -Inh levels up to 0.2 microM was 27%, but in 12 @entity0 with plasma @entity5 -Inh exceeding 0.44 microM, the mortality was 83%. The overall mortality in the @entity0 with @entity2 was 56%. We propose that the cleavage of @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 reflects processes that play a major role in the development of fatal complications during @entity2 .

title: Proteolytic inactivation of plasma C1- inhibitor in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: @entity1 is associated with difficulties in cognition and behavior in @entity0 . These problems have been attributed to genetics, ongoing @entity2 , psychosocial issues, underlying abnormality of the brain, and/or antiepileptic drugs. In a previous study, we found baseline cognitive differences between @entity0 with partial versus generalized and @entity2 versus non- @entity2 @entity2 . Measures in that study focused primarily on IQ scores. In the present study, we assessed baseline function with respect to new learning, attention, and memory, thus providing a more comprehensive profile than our previous study. METHOD: We examined 57 @entity0 (42 females, 15 males), aged 6 to 17 years (mean 10y 1mo, SD 2y 9mo), with new-onset, @entity4 , using tests of cognitive function reflective of new learning, memory, and attention. @entity2 were classified as generalized @entity2 (n=5), generalized non- @entity2 (n=18), or focal (n=34). Focal @entity2 were divided into unilateral versus bilateral independent foci, and presence versus absence of secondary generalization. RESULTS: Attention was a particular area of weakness across all groups. The Vocabulary score of an intelligence screen was higher for the focal @entity2 groups (p=0.012), primarily because of a difference between the unilateral focal and the primary generalized groups (p<0.047). @entity0 with generalized, non- @entity2 @entity2 performed significantly worse than the focal group on a measure of short-term auditory memory (p=0.019). All groups performed poorly on a test of visual-motor speed. INTERPRETATION: These findings suggest @entity3 in @entity0 with new-onset, @entity4 at baseline.

title: Baseline cognition, behavior, and motor skills in @entity0 with new-onset, XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: @entity1 is associated with difficulties in cognition and behavior in @entity0 . These problems have been attributed to genetics, ongoing @entity2 , psychosocial issues, underlying abnormality of the brain, and/or antiepileptic drugs. In a previous study, we found baseline cognitive differences between @entity0 with partial versus generalized and @entity2 versus non- @entity2 @entity2 . Measures in that study focused primarily on IQ scores. In the present study, we assessed baseline function with respect to new learning, attention, and memory, thus providing a more comprehensive profile than our previous study. METHOD: We examined 57 @entity0 (42 females, 15 males), aged 6 to 17 years (mean 10y 1mo, SD 2y 9mo), with new-onset, @entity4 , using tests of cognitive function reflective of new learning, memory, and attention. @entity2 were classified as generalized @entity2 (n=5), generalized non- @entity2 (n=18), or focal (n=34). Focal @entity2 were divided into unilateral versus bilateral independent foci, and presence versus absence of secondary generalization. RESULTS: Attention was a particular area of weakness across all groups. The Vocabulary score of an intelligence screen was higher for the focal @entity2 groups (p=0.012), primarily because of a difference between the unilateral focal and the primary generalized groups (p<0.047). @entity0 with generalized, non- @entity2 @entity2 performed significantly worse than the focal group on a measure of short-term auditory memory (p=0.019). All groups performed poorly on a test of visual-motor speed. INTERPRETATION: These findings suggest @entity3 in @entity0 with new-onset, @entity4 at baseline.

title: Baseline cognition, behavior, and motor skills in XXXX with new-onset, @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Colonic diverticular @entity5 can usually be managed with conservative treatment. However, in a selected group of @entity0 under conditions of recurrent, persistent @entity5 influencing quality of life or causing life-threatening shock, it should be managed with surgery. This is a retrospective study to clarify the risk factors relating to colectomy for @entity6 . METHODS: Between 1997 and 2005, a retrospective chart review of 73 @entity0 with @entity6 was undertaken. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the relevant risk factors correlating to colectomy. RESULTS: The mean age of the 73 @entity0 was 70 years (range, 22-90 years). Most @entity6 could be managed with conservative treatment (n = 63, 86.3%), and urgent colectomy was performed in ten @entity0 (13.7%). The @entity5 site could not be well identified in six of those ten @entity0 and so underwent total abdominal colectomy with @entity4 , and the other four underwent right hemicolectomy after a diagnosis of right-sided @entity8 with @entity5 . There were two deaths in the surgical group and one @entity3 in the nonsurgical group. The overall mortality rate in the series was 4.11% and 20% among @entity0 undergoing urgent colectomy. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of comorbidities and daily maximum blood transfusion requirement were risk factors for urgent colectomy for @entity6 . CONCLUSION: Preoperative @entity2 may increase operative risk in urgent surgery, and the outcome is poor. To avoid high mortality and morbidity relating to the urgent colectomy, we suggest that @entity0 of @entity6 with @entity2 , especially subgroups of @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity7 , may need early elective colectomy.

title: Colonic diverticular @entity5 with XXXX may need elective colectomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Colonic diverticular @entity5 can usually be managed with conservative treatment. However, in a selected group of @entity0 under conditions of recurrent, persistent @entity5 influencing quality of life or causing life-threatening shock, it should be managed with surgery. This is a retrospective study to clarify the risk factors relating to colectomy for @entity6 . METHODS: Between 1997 and 2005, a retrospective chart review of 73 @entity0 with @entity6 was undertaken. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the relevant risk factors correlating to colectomy. RESULTS: The mean age of the 73 @entity0 was 70 years (range, 22-90 years). Most @entity6 could be managed with conservative treatment (n = 63, 86.3%), and urgent colectomy was performed in ten @entity0 (13.7%). The @entity5 site could not be well identified in six of those ten @entity0 and so underwent total abdominal colectomy with @entity4 , and the other four underwent right hemicolectomy after a diagnosis of right-sided @entity8 with @entity5 . There were two deaths in the surgical group and one @entity3 in the nonsurgical group. The overall mortality rate in the series was 4.11% and 20% among @entity0 undergoing urgent colectomy. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of comorbidities and daily maximum blood transfusion requirement were risk factors for urgent colectomy for @entity6 . CONCLUSION: Preoperative @entity2 may increase operative risk in urgent surgery, and the outcome is poor. To avoid high mortality and morbidity relating to the urgent colectomy, we suggest that @entity0 of @entity6 with @entity2 , especially subgroups of @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity7 , may need early elective colectomy.

title: Colonic diverticular XXXX with @entity2 may need elective colectomy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of selective laser trabeculoplasty as an initial treatment for newly diagnosed @entity3 , and its role as adjunctive therapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: A prospective multicenter nonrandomized clinical trial was performed. @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity3 or @entity4 were assigned to the primary (selective laser trabeculoplasty) treatment group or the control (latanoprost) group according to @entity0 choice. Both groups were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. A secondary treatment group was also included to study the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty for @entity0 intolerant of medical therapy or in whom such therapy was unsuccessful, with or without a history of previous argon laser trabeculoplasty. RESULTS: One @entity2 (61 @entity0 ) were enrolled, 74 in the primary treatment group and 26 in the control group. The average absolute and percent reductions in intraocular pressure for the primary treatment group were 8.3 mm Hg or 31.0%, compared with 7.7 mm Hg or 30.6% for the control group (P = 0.208 and P = 0.879). The responder rates (20% pressure reduction) were 83% and 84% for the primary and control groups, respectively. There were no differences in intraocular pressure lowering with selective laser trabeculoplasty on the basis of angle pigmentation. A modest contralateral effect was observed in the untreated fellow eyes of @entity0 undergoing selective laser trabeculoplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Selective laser trabeculoplasty was found to be equally efficacious as latanoprost in reducing intraocular pressure in newly diagnosed @entity3 and @entity4 over 12 months, independent of angle pigmentation. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory therapy had similar efficacy to @entity1 after laser therapy. These findings support the consideration of selective laser trabeculoplasty as a first-line treatment for newly diagnosed @entity3 or @entity4 .

title: Selective laser trabeculoplasty as initial and adjunctive treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Phylogenetic relationships among the 5 groups of extant seed plants are presently unsettled. To reexamine this long-standing debate, we determine the complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) of @entity2 and 56 protein-coding genes encoded in the cpDNA of @entity3 . The cpDNA of Cycas is a circular molecule of 163,403 bp with 2 typical large inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,074 bp each. We inferred phylogenetic relationships among major seed plant lineages using concatenated 56 protein-coding genes in 37 land plants. Phylogenies, generated by the use of 3 independent methods, provide concordant and robust support for the monophylies of extant seed plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Within the modern gymnosperms are 2 highly supported sister clades: Cycas- @entity0 and Gnetum-Pinus. This result agrees with both the "gnetifer" and "gnepines" hypotheses. The sister relationships in Cycas- @entity0 and Gnetum-Pinus clades are further reinforced by cpDNA structural evidence. Branch lengths of Cycas- @entity0 and Gnetum were consistently the shortest and the longest, respectively, in all separate analyses. However, the Gnetum relative rate test revealed this tendency only for the 3rd codon positions and the transversional sites of the first 2 codon positions. A PsitufA located between psbE and petL genes is here first detected in Anthoceros (a @entity1 ), cycads, and @entity0 . We demonstrate that the PsitufA is a footprint descended from the chloroplast tufA of green algae. The duplication of @entity4 genes and their shift into IRs should have taken place at least in the common ancestor of seed plants more than 300 MYA, and the tRNAPro-GGG gene was lost from the angiosperm lineage at least 150 MYA. Additionally, from cpDNA structural comparison, we propose an alternative model for the loss of large IR regions in black pine. More cpDNA data from non-Pinaceae conifers are necessary to justify whether the gnetifer or gnepines hypothesis is valid and to generate solid structural evidence for the monophyly of extant gymnosperms.

title: Chloroplast genome (cpDNA) of XXXX and 56 cp protein-coding genes of @entity3 : insights into cpDNA evolution and phylogeny of extant seed plants.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Phylogenetic relationships among the 5 groups of extant seed plants are presently unsettled. To reexamine this long-standing debate, we determine the complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) of @entity2 and 56 protein-coding genes encoded in the cpDNA of @entity3 . The cpDNA of Cycas is a circular molecule of 163,403 bp with 2 typical large inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,074 bp each. We inferred phylogenetic relationships among major seed plant lineages using concatenated 56 protein-coding genes in 37 land plants. Phylogenies, generated by the use of 3 independent methods, provide concordant and robust support for the monophylies of extant seed plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Within the modern gymnosperms are 2 highly supported sister clades: Cycas- @entity0 and Gnetum-Pinus. This result agrees with both the "gnetifer" and "gnepines" hypotheses. The sister relationships in Cycas- @entity0 and Gnetum-Pinus clades are further reinforced by cpDNA structural evidence. Branch lengths of Cycas- @entity0 and Gnetum were consistently the shortest and the longest, respectively, in all separate analyses. However, the Gnetum relative rate test revealed this tendency only for the 3rd codon positions and the transversional sites of the first 2 codon positions. A PsitufA located between psbE and petL genes is here first detected in Anthoceros (a @entity1 ), cycads, and @entity0 . We demonstrate that the PsitufA is a footprint descended from the chloroplast tufA of green algae. The duplication of @entity4 genes and their shift into IRs should have taken place at least in the common ancestor of seed plants more than 300 MYA, and the tRNAPro-GGG gene was lost from the angiosperm lineage at least 150 MYA. Additionally, from cpDNA structural comparison, we propose an alternative model for the loss of large IR regions in black pine. More cpDNA data from non-Pinaceae conifers are necessary to justify whether the gnetifer or gnepines hypothesis is valid and to generate solid structural evidence for the monophyly of extant gymnosperms.

title: Chloroplast genome (cpDNA) of @entity2 and 56 cp protein-coding genes of XXXX : insights into cpDNA evolution and phylogeny of extant seed plants.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: We clarified the clinical significance of measurement of IgG antibody titers against @entity4 using data from a nested case-control study from a large-scale cohort study in Japan. METHOD: @entity0 included 36,745 subjects from the Japan Health Center-based Prospective Study who responded to the baseline questionnaire and provided a blood sample. Subjects were aged 40-69 years and were followed over 15 years after initial sampling. Controls were matched to 511 @entity3 @entity0 . Plasma surface antigen (Hp)-IgG titer was measured using ELISA, and @entity2 was determined by measuring pepsinogen I and II levels. RESULTS: Seropositive subjects with low Hp-IgG titer and @entity2 showed a higher risk for @entity3 than high-titer subjects. Odds ratio (OR) referred to cases with true negative IgG titers and no @entity2 . In moderately @entity5 subjects, the low titer OR was 19.0, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 7.7-46.9, and 12.5 for high titer, with a 95% CI of 5.2-30.0. In severely @entity5 subjects, the low titer OR was almost double that of high-titer subjects (OR = 30.2, 95% CI = 12.4-73.7 and OR = 15.9, 95% CI = 6.3-40.3, respectively). These associations were observed more frequently for differentiated than undifferentiated @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Combination assay with Hp-IgG titer and pepsinogens may help identify groups at high risk for @entity3 . Subjects with low Hp-IgG titer and @entity2 were at extremely high risk for @entity3 , particularly differentiated @entity1 . Subjects with this background may require ongoing observation and periodic endoscopic examination for early @entity1 detection.

title: Clinical significance of IgG antibody titer against XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 , the systemic inflammatory response to an @entity3 , is an increasingly common condition. It represents a major healthcare problem as affected @entity0 have a high morbidity and mortality leading to high direct and indirect costs. This article describes the progression from a simple @entity3 to @entity5 and @entity6 , with a special emphasis on the body's response at the cellular level. Pathogen recognition by the host is followed by a cascade of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators that attempt to defend the body and prevent further harm. Both pathogen virulence and host resistance regulate the severity of the inflammatory response. As a result of the inflammatory insult, mitochondria are damaged functionally and structurally. Since mitochondria are responsible for intracellular energy production, mitochondrial dysfunction places the cells at risk of developing energy failure and, consequently, cell death. However, @entity4 is characterised by a lack of tissue @entity2 and the ability of most - if not all - organs to recover completely. This underlines the assumption that organ dysfunction during @entity4 is predominantly a functional problem which appears to relate to the creation of a new balance between energy generation and expenditure. Hence, organ dysfunction could be viewed as a protective mechanism for the @entity0 and may represent a state analogous to hibernation, which can be reversed once the @entity3 is overcome and @entity1 has abated. More research is needed to develop better directed and timed therapeutic interventions that can reduce the high morbidity and mortality of this common condition.

title: Cellular processes in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to examine the @entity1 biofilm cellular proteins recognized by immunoglobulin A (IgA) in saliva from various @entity0 -defined populations. METHODS: Biofilm and planktonic @entity2 cells were prepared. The proteins were extracted, separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, transferred to blotting membranes, and probed for IgA using individual saliva samples from three groups of subjects; those who developed 0 @entity0 (no active @entity0 ), 5-9 @entity0 (medium), or more than 10 @entity0 (severe) over a 12-month interval. RESULTS: Several proteins were recognized by salivary IgA in all groups of saliva but spot distribution and intensity varied greatly between the groups, and some proteins were recognized more strongly in biofilm cells than in planktonic culture, and vice versa. Furthermore, 15 proteins were only recognized by saliva from the 'no active @entity0 ' group, and four proteins were recognized by saliva samples from subjects in all three groups. Specifically, antigen I/II was recognized less in biofilm cells by @entity0 -free saliva compared with planktonic cells. However, salivary IgA antibody to antigen I/II was absent in blots using saliva from the 'medium @entity0 ' and 'severe @entity0 ' groups. CONCLUSION: The bacterial molecules recognized by @entity0 -free saliva are significant factors for @entity1 @entity0 formation, and their inhibition could be a therapeutic target. In addition, saliva of @entity0 -free subjects includes significant IgA antibody against antigen I/II of @entity1 , indicating a protective mechanism. However, microorganisms may protect themselves from host immune attack by forming biofilms and decreasing expression of antigen I/II.

title: Analysis of XXXX biofilm proteins recognized by salivary immunoglobulin A.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the immediate and midterm angiographic and clinical results of stent placement in the endovascular treatment of @entity2 . METHODS: Out of 330 @entity2 treated by endovascular approach in our neurovascular centre, stents have been used in 18 @entity0 . Twelve @entity3 (66.7%) were acutely ruptured, four (22.2%) were unruptured, two (11.1%) were recanalized after initial coiling. In three @entity0 (16.7%) stent placement was used for revascularization of acute vessel @entity4 during coiling. Angiographic follow-up was obtained in 13 (72.2%) @entity0 (mean 1.8 years, range 0.4-6.6) and clinical follow-up in 13 (72.2%) @entity0 (mean 2.0 years, range 0.2-6.6). RESULTS: Complete occlusion was achieved in eight (44.4%) @entity0 , a neck-remnant remained in four (22.2%) and an incomplete occlusion in four (22.2%). In the two cases of previously treated @entity3 a neck-remnant remained after secondary stent-assisted coiling. In four cases @entity7 events resulted in a transient procedure related morbidity. No permanent procedure related morbidity or mortality was observed. One case of an asymptomatic late in-stent @entity6 occurred. On clinical followup modified Ranking Score was 0 in 3 @entity0 (23.1%), 1 in 3 @entity0 (23.1%) and 2-3 in 7 @entity0 (53.9%). On angiographic follow-up recanalisation was observed in 5 (38.5% = 5/13) @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Even in acutely @entity8 , stent assisted coiling can be a relatively effective and safe treatment for @entity2 . One asymptomatic in-stent @entity6 occurred indicating that the risk rate of @entity1 seems to be lower compared to stent deployment in @entity5 , where @entity1 rates up to 30% are described.

title: Stent placement in the endovascular treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The members of the RAS gene family of protooncogenes are of implied biological significance in oncogenesis. The precise role of these genes is unclear. One difficulty has been the inability to discriminate the individual @entity2 protein products of various ras genes in cell lines, de novo @entity0 @entity1 , and related normal tissues. In this report, specific proteins of the @entity0 @entity3 , @entity4 -ras-2, and c-N-ras genes have been detected and discriminated by the differential use of various antisera recognizing these p21s. This enzyme-linked immunoblot assay utilizes a double antibody system in which monoclonal antibodies are initially used to immunoprecipitate the @entity3 proteins. Immunoprecipitates are then subjected to one-dimensional Western blot analysis utilizing other antibodies raised against p21s, coupled with nonradiolabeled enzyme-linked colorimetric detection. By direct detection, the specific products of the three @entity0 ras genes can be discriminated. In addition, we describe the generation and characterization of a new anti-p21c-N-ras-specific antibody. The simultaneous expression into protein of multiple ras genes is unequivocally demonstrated in both homogeneous cell lines and heterogeneous @entity0 tissues. This new technique is also applicable for discrimination of the protein products of other gene families.

title: RAS enzyme-linked immunoblot assay discriminates XXXX species: a technique to dissect gene family expression.

answer: @entity2


abstract: It has already been demonstrated that @entity4 resistance (IR) is associated with the stimulation of erythroid progenitors and with increased levels of @entity0 markers. Therefore, IR should also be associated with increased @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and white blood cell (WBC) count. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that IR is independently associated with altered hematological parameters in a Brazilian sample. We analyzed laboratorial exams from 925 subjects. All data on hematological parameters, @entity4 resistance (Homeostasis Model Assessment [HOMA]) and lipid levels were included in the analysis. Demographic information included age and gender. HOMA correlated positively with @entity2 (r= 0.17, p< 0.001), plasma hemoglobin concentrations (r= 0.14, p< 0.001), hematocrit value (r= 0.15, p< 0.001) and WBC (r= 0.17, p< 0.01). Subjects in the upper quartile of IR had higher levels of plasma @entity1 , fasting @entity4 , @entity3 , hematocrit, hemoglobin, @entity2 and WBC count than those in the lower quartile. In conclusion, IR seems to be associated with alterations in several hematological parameters. These hematological alterations may be considered an indirect feature of the IR syndrome.

title: Relation between XXXX resistance and hematological parameters in a Brazilian sample.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The role of neoadjuvant therapy in the treatment of locally advanced @entity3 still remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy on pathological staging and prognosis in the @entity0 with locally advanced @entity4 . Between January 1991 and December 2000, 473 @entity0 with advanced @entity3 diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy underwent surgical resection in our center. With informed consent, they were randomized into four groups: neoadjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant radiotherapy, neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy, and surgery alone (control group). The preoperative computed tomography staging criteria were the following: Stage I, the @entity2 limited to the esophageal lumen or the thickness of the esophageal wall varied between 3-5 mm; Stage II, the thickness exceeds 5 mm but no invasion to the @entity5 or distant @entity1 ; Stage III, the @entity2 invades adjacent mediastinal structure; and Stage IV, there is distant @entity1 . The @entity2 resection rate, pathological stage, treatment-related complication, and survival among groups were compared. The radical resection rate for the @entity0 in radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy groups was increased in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). Their pathological stage after esophagectomy was regressed significantly than that of the control group (50.85%, 55.08% vs. 0%, P < 0.05). The adjuvant chemotherapy group did show significant improvement on resection rate and pathological staging compared with the control group. The treatment-related complication in the three neoadjuvant groups had no significant difference from that of the control group (P > 0.05). The 3-year survival rate of radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (69.49%, 73.73% vs. 53.38%, P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rate of radiochemotherapy group was higher than that of the radiotherapy group although did not show a statistical difference (P > 0.05). Rational application of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy seems to provide a modest benefit in radical resection and survival in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity3 .

title: Effects of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy on pathological staging and prognosis for locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Adult neurogenesis, particularly in the subgranular zone, is thought to be linked with learning and memory. Chronic stress inhibits adult hippocampal neurogenesis and also impairs learning and memory. On the other hand, exposure to enriched environment (EE) is reported to enhance the survival of new neurons and improve cognition. Accordingly, in the present study, we examined whether short-term EE after stress could ameliorate the stress-induced decrease in hippocampal cell proliferation and impairment in radial arm maze learning. After restraint stress (6 hr/day, 21 days) adult @entity0 were exposed to EE (6 hr/day, 10 days). We observed that chronic restraint stress severely affected formation of new cells and learning. Stressed @entity0 showed a significant decrease (70%) in the number of @entity1 ( @entity1 )-immunoreactive cells and impairment in the performance of the partially baited radial arm maze task. Interestingly, EE after stress completely restored the hippocampal cell proliferation. On par with the restoration of hippocampal cytogenesis, short-term EE after stress resulted in a significant increase in percentage correct choices and a decrease in the number of reference memory errors compared with the stressed animals. Also, EE per se significantly increased the cell proliferation compared with controls. Furthermore, stress significantly reduced the hippocampal volume that was reversed after EE. Our observations demonstrate that short-term EE completely ameliorates the stress-induced decrease in cell proliferation and @entity2 , thus demonstrating the efficiency of rehabilitation in reversal of stress-induced deficits and suggesting a probable role of newly formed cells in the effects of EE.

title: Enriched environment restores hippocampal cell proliferation and ameliorates cognitive deficits in chronically stressed XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity1 and target organ damage. We hypothesized that induction of @entity10 contributes to left ventricular (LV) @entity3 and @entity2 in @entity0 with 2-kidney, 1-clip @entity1 . Deletion of @entity10 diminishes oxidative stress, thereby attenuating @entity8 and enhancing cardiac performance. 2-Kidney, 1-clip @entity1 was induced in @entity0 lacking @entity10 and wild-type controls (C57BL/6J). Sham-clipped @entity0 served as controls. Systolic blood pressure was measured weekly by tail cuff. Left ventricular ejection fraction (by echocardiography) and cardiac response (maximum and minimum dP/dt, as well as an indicator of isovolumic contraction) to @entity6 (50 ng per @entity0 , i.v.) were studied at the end of the experiment. @entity9 (a byproduct of lipid peroxidation and an indicator of oxidative stress) was measured by immunohistochemical staining. @entity11 (phox), endothelial NO synthase, and @entity10 protein expression were determined by Western blot. We found that systolic blood pressure, LV weight, myocyte cross-sectional area, interstitial collagen fraction, ejection fraction, and cardiac response to @entity6 did not differ between strains with sham clipping. 2-Kidney, 1-clip @entity1 increased systolic blood pressure, LV weight, myocyte cross-sectional area, and interstitial collagen fraction similarly in both strains. However, in @entity0 lacking @entity10 , maximum and minimum dP/dt, as well as an indicator of isovolumic contraction, markedly increased in response to @entity6 , associated with decreased cardiac @entity9 expression and urinary @entity5 / @entity7 . We concluded that deletion of @entity10 does not seem to play a significant role in preventing 2-kidney, 1-clip @entity1 -induced @entity1 and @entity4 ; however, it does enhance preservation of cardiac function, probably because of a reduction of @entity10 -induced oxidative stress.

title: Deletion of inducible nitric oxide synthase provides cardioprotection in @entity0 with 2-kidney, 1-clip XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity1 and target organ damage. We hypothesized that induction of @entity10 contributes to left ventricular (LV) @entity3 and @entity2 in @entity0 with 2-kidney, 1-clip @entity1 . Deletion of @entity10 diminishes oxidative stress, thereby attenuating @entity8 and enhancing cardiac performance. 2-Kidney, 1-clip @entity1 was induced in @entity0 lacking @entity10 and wild-type controls (C57BL/6J). Sham-clipped @entity0 served as controls. Systolic blood pressure was measured weekly by tail cuff. Left ventricular ejection fraction (by echocardiography) and cardiac response (maximum and minimum dP/dt, as well as an indicator of isovolumic contraction) to @entity6 (50 ng per @entity0 , i.v.) were studied at the end of the experiment. @entity9 (a byproduct of lipid peroxidation and an indicator of oxidative stress) was measured by immunohistochemical staining. @entity11 (phox), endothelial NO synthase, and @entity10 protein expression were determined by Western blot. We found that systolic blood pressure, LV weight, myocyte cross-sectional area, interstitial collagen fraction, ejection fraction, and cardiac response to @entity6 did not differ between strains with sham clipping. 2-Kidney, 1-clip @entity1 increased systolic blood pressure, LV weight, myocyte cross-sectional area, and interstitial collagen fraction similarly in both strains. However, in @entity0 lacking @entity10 , maximum and minimum dP/dt, as well as an indicator of isovolumic contraction, markedly increased in response to @entity6 , associated with decreased cardiac @entity9 expression and urinary @entity5 / @entity7 . We concluded that deletion of @entity10 does not seem to play a significant role in preventing 2-kidney, 1-clip @entity1 -induced @entity1 and @entity4 ; however, it does enhance preservation of cardiac function, probably because of a reduction of @entity10 -induced oxidative stress.

title: Deletion of inducible nitric oxide synthase provides cardioprotection in XXXX with 2-kidney, 1-clip @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 is a common condition associated with significant @entity0 morbidity and health care costs. Although widely accepted evidence-based guidelines for @entity1 management exist, unnecessary variation in @entity0 care remains. Application of biomedical informatics techniques is one potential way to improve care for @entity2 @entity0 . We performed a systematic literature review to identify computerized applications for clinical @entity1 care. Studies were evaluated for their clinical domain, developmental stage and study design. Additionally, prospective trials were identified and analyzed for potential study biases, study effects, and clinical study characteristics. Sixty-four papers were selected for review. Publications described @entity1 detection or diagnosis (18 papers), @entity1 monitoring or prevention (13 papers), @entity0 education (13 papers), and @entity1 guidelines or therapy (20 papers). The majority of publications described projects in early stages of development or with non-prospective study designs. Twenty-one prospective trials were identified, which evaluated both clinical and non-clinical impacts on @entity0 care. Most studies took place in the outpatient clinic environment, with minimal study of the emergency department or inpatient settings. Few studies demonstrated evidence of computerized applications improving clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to prospectively evaluate the impact of using biomedical informatics to improve care of @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Biomedical informatics applications for XXXX care: a systematic review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Acquired @entity5 is a form of obligatorily paraneoplastic disease characterised by the recurrence of lanuga hair during adulthood. We report a case in which this @entity4 allowed diagnosis of @entity3 . OBSERVATION: A 51 year-old @entity0 was seen for @entity4 present for 3 months. Clinical examination led to diagnosis of acquired @entity5 , which subsequently resulted in the discovery of @entity3 . @entity1 resulted in the disappearance of @entity4 with no recurrence during the ensuing 13 months. DISCUSSION: Acquired @entity5 is rare, with only 50 or so cases reported in the literature since the condition was first described in 1865 by Turner. These cases confirm the obligatorily paraneoplastic nature of this particular @entity2 . Our finding is original since it is the first recorded case of association with @entity3 . It is also unique in terms of the strictly parallel development of acquired @entity1 , with complete disappearance of the @entity4 in the weeks following surgical @entity1 , and in terms of prolonged survival (complete remission 17 months after the onset of symptoms). The mechanism responsible for acquired @entity5 is unknown. Two hypotheses have nevertheless been suggested: acquired @entity5 could be associated with secretion by the @entity1 of an as yet unidentified serum factor, or with a nutritional deficiency that may accompany this form of @entity1 .

title: [Acquired @entity5 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Acquired @entity5 is a form of obligatorily paraneoplastic disease characterised by the recurrence of lanuga hair during adulthood. We report a case in which this @entity4 allowed diagnosis of @entity3 . OBSERVATION: A 51 year-old @entity0 was seen for @entity4 present for 3 months. Clinical examination led to diagnosis of acquired @entity5 , which subsequently resulted in the discovery of @entity3 . @entity1 resulted in the disappearance of @entity4 with no recurrence during the ensuing 13 months. DISCUSSION: Acquired @entity5 is rare, with only 50 or so cases reported in the literature since the condition was first described in 1865 by Turner. These cases confirm the obligatorily paraneoplastic nature of this particular @entity2 . Our finding is original since it is the first recorded case of association with @entity3 . It is also unique in terms of the strictly parallel development of acquired @entity1 , with complete disappearance of the @entity4 in the weeks following surgical @entity1 , and in terms of prolonged survival (complete remission 17 months after the onset of symptoms). The mechanism responsible for acquired @entity5 is unknown. Two hypotheses have nevertheless been suggested: acquired @entity5 could be associated with secretion by the @entity1 of an as yet unidentified serum factor, or with a nutritional deficiency that may accompany this form of @entity1 .

title: [Acquired XXXX and @entity3 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Schistosome eggs must traverse tissues of the intestine or bladder to escape the @entity0 host and further the life cycle. Escape from host tissues is facilitated by secretion of immuno-reactive molecules by eggs and the formation of an intense strong granulomatous response by the host which acts to exclude the egg into gut or bladder lumens. Schistosome eggs hatch on contact with freshwater, but the mechanisms of activation and hatching are poorly understood. In view of the lack of knowledge of the behaviour of egg hatching in schistosomes, we undertook a detailed dynamic and correlative study of the hatching biology of @entity2 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Hatching eggs of @entity3 were studied using correlative light and electron microscopy (EM). The hatching behaviour was recorded by video microscopy. EM preparative methods incorporating high pressure freezing and cryo-substitution were used to investigate ultrastructural features of the miracidium and extra-embryonic envelopes in pre-activated and activated eggs, and immediately after eggshell rupture. Lectin cytochemistry was performed on egg tissues to investigate subcellular location of specific @entity1 groups. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The hatching of @entity3 eggs is a striking phenomenon, whereby the larva is liberated explosively while still encapsulated within its sub-shell envelopes. The major alterations that occur in the egg during activation are scission of the outer envelope-eggshell boundary, autolysis of the cellular inner envelope, and likely hydration of abundant complex and simple polysaccharides in the lacunal space between the miracidial larva and surrounding envelopes. These observations on hatching provide insight into the dynamic activity of the eggs and the biology of schistosomes within the host.

title: Correlative and dynamic imaging of the hatching biology of XXXX from eggs prepared by high pressure freezing.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with lower socioeconomic status experience higher rates of mortality and are more likely to suffer from @entity1 . While some studies indicate that @entity0 who suffer from social inequality suffer generally worse health, to our knowledge no controlled experiments of this nature have been done in any species. @entity5 is a highly oxidized cross-linked aggregate consisting of oxidized protein and lipid clusters. This eminent terminal oxidation outcome accumulates within cells during aging process. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Thirty two @entity2 were assigned into four groups randomly of eight each. The first group encountered food @entity3 for eight weeks and was kept in an isolated situation. The second group was food deprived for eight weeks but encountered to other groups continuously. The third group suffered two weeks of @entity3 and then received free access to food. The fourth group had free access to diet without any @entity3 . All hearts were removed for histopathological evaluation. Cross-sections of hearts were examined by light microscopy for the presence of yellow-brown Lipofuscin pigment granules. Here we show that relative food @entity3 can cause accumulation of @entity4 . We find that cardiac Lipofuscin deposition increases the most in the inequitable condition in which food deprived individuals observe well-fed individuals. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings demonstrate that a sense of inequality in food intake can promote aging more than food @entity3 alone. These findings should be considered as a basis for further studies on the physiological mechanisms by which inequality negatively impacts health and well-being.

title: Food inequality negatively impacts cardiac health in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has a lower incidence in @entity0 of South Asian origin compared with British Caucasians. There are however little data available regarding the demographics of these @entity0 , their presentation and outcome. Leicester has a high South Asian immigrant population, and we aim to define any potential differences in presentation, pathogenesis and outcome between our Caucasian and South Asian ethnic groups. METHOD: All @entity0 of South Asian origin were identified from the @entity2 database between June 1998 and April 2007. Data were analysed regarding the @entity0 ' demographics, the presentation and treatment details, @entity1 characteristics and clinical outcome. Data were compared with Caucasian @entity0 from the same database. @entity0 from an ethnic background other than South Asia or Caucasians were excluded from analysis. RESULTS: 3435 @entity0 were included in the analysis, of which 134 (3.9%) were of South Asian ethnicity. 61.9% of South Asian @entity0 were male compared with 56% of Caucasians. South Asians were significantly younger at presentation (61.4 vs 70.6 years, P < 0.001). South Asian @entity0 had significantly more @entity1 than their Caucasian counterparts (P = 0.002). South Asian @entity0 were more likely to require initial oncological therapy, and were less likely to have resectional surgery than Caucasians (P = 0.006). Of the @entity0 undergoing resectional surgery, the ASA grade, mode of surgery, @entity1 characteristics and Dukes' stage were similar. There was no difference in 5-year survival between the South Asian and Caucasian @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 of South Asian ethnicity are younger at their age of presentation and have a higher proportion of @entity1 compared with British Caucasian @entity0 . They are more likely to require initial oncological treatment and are less likely to undergo resectional surgery, therefore suggesting more @entity3 at presentation. Overall 5-year survival is the similar.

title: XXXX : presentation and outcome in British South Asians.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Aberrant activation of the wingless-type- (Wnt)-signaling pathway is common in many @entity0 including nasopharyngeal ( @entity4 ) and esophageal squamous cell (ESCC) @entity1 , both prevalent in Southern China and Southeast Asia. However, the molecular mechanism leading to this abnormality is still obscure. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a secreted antagonist of the Wnt pathway, and is recently shown to be inactivated by epigenetic mechanism in some @entity0 . Here, we examined whether @entity6 is also inactivated epigenetically in @entity4 and ESCC. With semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR and methylation-specific PCR, we detected @entity6 downregulation or silencing in 6/6 of @entity4 and 12/19 of ESCC cell lines, which is well correlated with its methylation status. Methylation was further confirmed by high-resolution bisulfite genomic sequencing. Methylation was also frequently observed in a large collection of @entity0 of @entity4 (85%, 55/65) and ESCC (27%, 25/92), with @entity6 expressed and unmethylated in normal @entity4 and esophageal cell lines and normal tissues. Treatment of @entity5 demethylated @entity6 and induced its expression in @entity4 and ESCC cell lines, highlighting a direct role of epigenetic inactivation. Ectopic expression of @entity6 in @entity4 and @entity0 cells resulted in significant @entity0 cell colony formation, similar to @entity2 , and also significant downregulation of @entity3 protein level in @entity4 cells. Thus, @entity6 functions as a @entity0 suppressor for both @entity4 and ESCC through suppressing the Wnt-signaling pathway, but is frequently silenced by epigenetic mechanism in a @entity0 -specific way. Our study indicates that epigenetic inactivation of @entity6 contributes to the aberrant activation of Wnt pathway and is involved in the pathogenesis of both @entity0 . @entity6 methylation could also serve as a specific biomarker for these @entity0 .

title: The @entity0 suppressor Wnt inhibitory factor 1 is frequently methylated in nasopharyngeal and esophageal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Aberrant activation of the wingless-type- (Wnt)-signaling pathway is common in many @entity0 including nasopharyngeal ( @entity4 ) and esophageal squamous cell (ESCC) @entity1 , both prevalent in Southern China and Southeast Asia. However, the molecular mechanism leading to this abnormality is still obscure. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a secreted antagonist of the Wnt pathway, and is recently shown to be inactivated by epigenetic mechanism in some @entity0 . Here, we examined whether @entity6 is also inactivated epigenetically in @entity4 and ESCC. With semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR and methylation-specific PCR, we detected @entity6 downregulation or silencing in 6/6 of @entity4 and 12/19 of ESCC cell lines, which is well correlated with its methylation status. Methylation was further confirmed by high-resolution bisulfite genomic sequencing. Methylation was also frequently observed in a large collection of @entity0 of @entity4 (85%, 55/65) and ESCC (27%, 25/92), with @entity6 expressed and unmethylated in normal @entity4 and esophageal cell lines and normal tissues. Treatment of @entity5 demethylated @entity6 and induced its expression in @entity4 and ESCC cell lines, highlighting a direct role of epigenetic inactivation. Ectopic expression of @entity6 in @entity4 and @entity0 cells resulted in significant @entity0 cell colony formation, similar to @entity2 , and also significant downregulation of @entity3 protein level in @entity4 cells. Thus, @entity6 functions as a @entity0 suppressor for both @entity4 and ESCC through suppressing the Wnt-signaling pathway, but is frequently silenced by epigenetic mechanism in a @entity0 -specific way. Our study indicates that epigenetic inactivation of @entity6 contributes to the aberrant activation of Wnt pathway and is involved in the pathogenesis of both @entity0 . @entity6 methylation could also serve as a specific biomarker for these @entity0 .

title: The XXXX suppressor Wnt inhibitory factor 1 is frequently methylated in nasopharyngeal and esophageal @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Aging can be defined as a progressive decline in the ability of the organism to resist stress, damage, and disease. Although there are currently over 300 theories to explain the aging phenomenon, it is still not well understood why organisms age and why the aging process can vary so much in speed and quality from individual to individual. The oxidative stress hypothesis is one of the prevailing theories of aging. This theory states that free radicals produced during cellular respiration damage lipids, proteins, and DNA thereby accelerating the aging process and increasing disease risk. Under normal conditions, the electron transport chain is the primary producer of the @entity3 anion, which is precursor to other highly reactive species such as @entity4 and the @entity5 radical. @entity0 accumulates when prooxidants overwhelm the antioxidant defense mechanisms. This is dependent on a number of factors including free radical production, susceptibility of tissue to stress, and strength of the defense and repair system. @entity0 has been implicated in a number of @entity1 states usually grouped under the umbrella of the @entity2 and is thought to contribute to the aging process. It has been hypothesized that the production of free radicals is dependent on resting metabolic rate and this may have an impact on the aging process. However, other factors, such as mitochondrial function, may be important in the production of free radicals and the subsequent effect on aging and disease states.

title: Energy metabolism and oxidative stress: impact on the XXXX and the aging process.

answer: @entity2


abstract: To determine the efficacy and @entity4 of @entity11 combined with @entity12 , we conducted a phase II trial. Eligibility criteria were: chemotherapy-na  ve, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), good performance status (PS: 0-2), age<or=75 years, and adequate organ function. The @entity0 ' characteristics were: male/female=56/5; @entity13 =19/38/4; median age (range)=68 years(51-75 years); limited disease (LD)/extensive disease ( @entity2 )=27/34. The @entity0 received @entity11 (50 mg m-2) on days 1, 8, and 15, and @entity12 (AUC 5, Chatelut formula) on day 1 every 4 weeks. In total, 61 @entity0 were eligible and all were evaluated. In all, 31 @entity0 were treated with four or more courses of chemotherapy. Of the @entity0 , 17 showed a complete response (CR), 34 showed a partial response (PR), nine had @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and one had @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The overall response rate was 84% (95% confidence interval (CI), 72-91%; LD 89%, @entity2 79%) and the CR rate was 28% (95%CI, 17-41%; LD 37%, @entity2 21%). The median time to @entity1 progression was 6.1 (LD 6.4, @entity2 5.4) months. The medial survival time was 15.0 (LD 20.0, @entity2 9.7) months, and the 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 31.1% (LD 48.1%, @entity2 17.7%) and 9.5% (LD 11.1%, @entity2 5.9%), respectively. Grade 3 or 4 @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity6 occurred in 33, 74, 41, 39, and 13% of cases, respectively. In conclusion, the combination of @entity11 and @entity12 is an active and well-tolerated regimen in cases of @entity5 .

title: Phase II study of @entity11 combined with @entity12 in previously untreated XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: To determine the efficacy and @entity4 of @entity11 combined with @entity12 , we conducted a phase II trial. Eligibility criteria were: chemotherapy-na  ve, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), good performance status (PS: 0-2), age<or=75 years, and adequate organ function. The @entity0 ' characteristics were: male/female=56/5; @entity13 =19/38/4; median age (range)=68 years(51-75 years); limited disease (LD)/extensive disease ( @entity2 )=27/34. The @entity0 received @entity11 (50 mg m-2) on days 1, 8, and 15, and @entity12 (AUC 5, Chatelut formula) on day 1 every 4 weeks. In total, 61 @entity0 were eligible and all were evaluated. In all, 31 @entity0 were treated with four or more courses of chemotherapy. Of the @entity0 , 17 showed a complete response (CR), 34 showed a partial response (PR), nine had @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and one had @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The overall response rate was 84% (95% confidence interval (CI), 72-91%; LD 89%, @entity2 79%) and the CR rate was 28% (95%CI, 17-41%; LD 37%, @entity2 21%). The median time to @entity1 progression was 6.1 (LD 6.4, @entity2 5.4) months. The medial survival time was 15.0 (LD 20.0, @entity2 9.7) months, and the 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 31.1% (LD 48.1%, @entity2 17.7%) and 9.5% (LD 11.1%, @entity2 5.9%), respectively. Grade 3 or 4 @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity6 occurred in 33, 74, 41, 39, and 13% of cases, respectively. In conclusion, the combination of @entity11 and @entity12 is an active and well-tolerated regimen in cases of @entity5 .

title: Phase II study of @entity11 combined with XXXX in previously untreated @entity5 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: To determine the efficacy and @entity4 of @entity11 combined with @entity12 , we conducted a phase II trial. Eligibility criteria were: chemotherapy-na  ve, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), good performance status (PS: 0-2), age<or=75 years, and adequate organ function. The @entity0 ' characteristics were: male/female=56/5; @entity13 =19/38/4; median age (range)=68 years(51-75 years); limited disease (LD)/extensive disease ( @entity2 )=27/34. The @entity0 received @entity11 (50 mg m-2) on days 1, 8, and 15, and @entity12 (AUC 5, Chatelut formula) on day 1 every 4 weeks. In total, 61 @entity0 were eligible and all were evaluated. In all, 31 @entity0 were treated with four or more courses of chemotherapy. Of the @entity0 , 17 showed a complete response (CR), 34 showed a partial response (PR), nine had @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and one had @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The overall response rate was 84% (95% confidence interval (CI), 72-91%; LD 89%, @entity2 79%) and the CR rate was 28% (95%CI, 17-41%; LD 37%, @entity2 21%). The median time to @entity1 progression was 6.1 (LD 6.4, @entity2 5.4) months. The medial survival time was 15.0 (LD 20.0, @entity2 9.7) months, and the 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 31.1% (LD 48.1%, @entity2 17.7%) and 9.5% (LD 11.1%, @entity2 5.9%), respectively. Grade 3 or 4 @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity6 occurred in 33, 74, 41, 39, and 13% of cases, respectively. In conclusion, the combination of @entity11 and @entity12 is an active and well-tolerated regimen in cases of @entity5 .

title: Phase II study of XXXX combined with @entity12 in previously untreated @entity5 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: PURPOSE: Epidemiological and ecological evidences suggest a positive association of overweight and @entity2 with the risk of @entity1 (GCC). Previous controlled trials reported conflicting results. The present study aimed to analyse the putative association of overweight with GCC risk in a large @entity0 sample and to summarize previous data. METHODS: A total of 8,498 GCC @entity0 were enrolled in a nationwide multicentric case control study. Self-reported body dimensions were recorded for calculation of the body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)). For comparison, 2,070 age-matched male probands of the latest German National Health Survey (NHS) were employed. @entity0 and controls were categorized according to age as follows: 18-29, 30-39, and 40-49 years, respectively, and according to BMI, as follows: <18.5; 18.5 to <25; 25 to <30; >30 kg/m(2), respectively. Frequencies of BMI-categories in the three age groups were tabulated and compared statistically. The literature was searched for previous controlled trials regarding BMI and GCC risk. RESULTS: The median BMI of all GCC @entity0 is 24.69 kg/m(2). Overall comparison of frequencies of BMI categories of cases and controls did not reveal any significant difference. However, in young @entity0 (18-29 years) BMI categories 25 to <30 kg/m(2) and >30 kg/m(2) were significantly more frequent in GCC @entity0 than in controls (p < 0.00001). Nineteen previous studies were identified in the literature, one of which being clearly in accordance with the present hypothesis, one being antithetical while the remaining studies were inconclusive in various aspects. CONCLUSION: The results of this population-based study lend support to two hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of GCC: First, as high-calorie nutrition is the most important reason for increased BMI, it appears conceivable that nutritional factors are involved in the pathogenesis of GCC. Second, as nonseminoma is the most prevalent histological subtype among younger @entity0 , the association of increased BMI with incidence of GCC in this particular subgroup may point to divergent pathogenetic pathways of nonseminoma and @entity3 , respectively.

title: Is increased body mass index associated with the incidence of XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 cell entry commonly uses, in addition to @entity0 , one of the chemokine receptors @entity5 or @entity1 as coreceptor. Knowledge of coreceptor usage is critical for monitoring disease progression as well as for supporting therapy with the novel drug class of coreceptor antagonists. Predictive methods for inferring coreceptor usage based on the third hypervariable (V3) loop region of the viral gene coding for the envelope protein @entity6 can provide us with these monitoring facilities while avoiding expensive phenotypic tests. All simple heuristics (such as the 11/25 rule) as well as statistical learning methods proposed to date predict coreceptor usage based on sequence features of the V3 loop exclusively. Here, we show, based on a recently resolved structure of @entity6 with an untruncated V3 loop, that using structural information on the V3 loop in combination with sequence features of V3 variants improves prediction of coreceptor usage. In particular, we propose a distance-based descriptor of the spatial arrangement of physicochemical properties that increases discriminative performance. For a fixed specificity of 0.95, a sensitivity of 0.77 was achieved, improving further to 0.80 when combined with a sequence-based representation using @entity2 indicators. This compares favorably with the sensitivities of 0.62 for the traditional 11/25 rule and 0.73 for a prediction based on sequence information as input to a support vector machine and constitutes a statistically significant improvement. A detailed analysis and interpretation of structural features important for classification shows the relevance of several specific @entity4 -bond donor sites and aliphatic side chains to coreceptor specificity towards @entity5 or @entity1 . Furthermore, an analysis of side chain orientation of the specificity-determining residues suggests a major role of one side of the V3 loop in the selection of the coreceptor. The proposed method constitutes the first approach to an improved prediction of coreceptor usage based on an original integration of structural bioinformatics methods with statistical learning.

title: Structural descriptors of XXXX V3 loop for the prediction of @entity3 coreceptor usage.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 cell entry commonly uses, in addition to @entity0 , one of the chemokine receptors @entity5 or @entity1 as coreceptor. Knowledge of coreceptor usage is critical for monitoring disease progression as well as for supporting therapy with the novel drug class of coreceptor antagonists. Predictive methods for inferring coreceptor usage based on the third hypervariable (V3) loop region of the viral gene coding for the envelope protein @entity6 can provide us with these monitoring facilities while avoiding expensive phenotypic tests. All simple heuristics (such as the 11/25 rule) as well as statistical learning methods proposed to date predict coreceptor usage based on sequence features of the V3 loop exclusively. Here, we show, based on a recently resolved structure of @entity6 with an untruncated V3 loop, that using structural information on the V3 loop in combination with sequence features of V3 variants improves prediction of coreceptor usage. In particular, we propose a distance-based descriptor of the spatial arrangement of physicochemical properties that increases discriminative performance. For a fixed specificity of 0.95, a sensitivity of 0.77 was achieved, improving further to 0.80 when combined with a sequence-based representation using @entity2 indicators. This compares favorably with the sensitivities of 0.62 for the traditional 11/25 rule and 0.73 for a prediction based on sequence information as input to a support vector machine and constitutes a statistically significant improvement. A detailed analysis and interpretation of structural features important for classification shows the relevance of several specific @entity4 -bond donor sites and aliphatic side chains to coreceptor specificity towards @entity5 or @entity1 . Furthermore, an analysis of side chain orientation of the specificity-determining residues suggests a major role of one side of the V3 loop in the selection of the coreceptor. The proposed method constitutes the first approach to an improved prediction of coreceptor usage based on an original integration of structural bioinformatics methods with statistical learning.

title: Structural descriptors of @entity6 V3 loop for the prediction of XXXX coreceptor usage.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between myocardial performance index (MPI; also known as the Tei index) and cardiac function in anesthetized @entity4 administered @entity3 . ANIMALS: 6 adult @entity4 . PROCEDURES: @entity4 were anesthetized by administration of @entity6 (6 mg/kg, IV), and anesthesia was maintained by administration of @entity7 . Heart rate and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) were monitored. @entity1 volume, cardiac output, and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were measured by use of transesophageal ultrasonography. @entity5 ( @entity5 ), mitral E-wave velocity-to-A-wave velocity (E:A) ratio, and ejection time were measured by use of transthoracic echocardiography. @entity3 was administrated via a cephalic vein at rates of 2.5, 5.0, and 10 microg/kg/min. RESULTS: Heart rate, SAP, cardiac output, and @entity2 increased with @entity3 administration, whereas @entity1 volume significantly decreased. The @entity5 significantly increased, and the E:A ratio significantly decreased. Total isovolumic time and the MPI significantly decreased. The MPI was negatively correlated (r=-0.63) with @entity5 . Conversely, the MPI was positively correlated with the E:A ratio (r=0.47), @entity1 volume (r=0.66), and total isovolumic time (r=0.95). However, the MPI was not significantly correlated with heart rate, SAP, cardiac output, or @entity2 . CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis suggested that the MPI provides a sensitive clinical assessment of cardiac response to medication in @entity4 , which may be similar to the usefulness of the MPI reported in @entity0 .

title: Changes in the myocardial performance index during @entity3 administration in anesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between myocardial performance index (MPI; also known as the Tei index) and cardiac function in anesthetized @entity4 administered @entity3 . ANIMALS: 6 adult @entity4 . PROCEDURES: @entity4 were anesthetized by administration of @entity6 (6 mg/kg, IV), and anesthesia was maintained by administration of @entity7 . Heart rate and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) were monitored. @entity1 volume, cardiac output, and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were measured by use of transesophageal ultrasonography. @entity5 ( @entity5 ), mitral E-wave velocity-to-A-wave velocity (E:A) ratio, and ejection time were measured by use of transthoracic echocardiography. @entity3 was administrated via a cephalic vein at rates of 2.5, 5.0, and 10 microg/kg/min. RESULTS: Heart rate, SAP, cardiac output, and @entity2 increased with @entity3 administration, whereas @entity1 volume significantly decreased. The @entity5 significantly increased, and the E:A ratio significantly decreased. Total isovolumic time and the MPI significantly decreased. The MPI was negatively correlated (r=-0.63) with @entity5 . Conversely, the MPI was positively correlated with the E:A ratio (r=0.47), @entity1 volume (r=0.66), and total isovolumic time (r=0.95). However, the MPI was not significantly correlated with heart rate, SAP, cardiac output, or @entity2 . CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis suggested that the MPI provides a sensitive clinical assessment of cardiac response to medication in @entity4 , which may be similar to the usefulness of the MPI reported in @entity0 .

title: Changes in the myocardial performance index during XXXX administration in anesthetized @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the local and systemic effects of IM implantation of lead shot alternatives in @entity2 . ANIMALS: 22 @entity2 . PROCEDURES: Sterile IM implantation of shot metals was performed, with euthanasia and necropsy at 2, 8, 16, and 26 weeks after implantation. Skeletal muscle specimens were examined histologically and kidney specimens were tested for heavy metals. In vivo and in vitro evaluation of corrosion of metals was performed. RESULTS: Corrosion of susceptible metals was greatest at 2 weeks in vivo and in vitro. @entity1 associated with all pellet types was greatest 2 weeks after implantation. @entity6 -plated steel incited significantly greater inflammation at 2 weeks, compared with @entity5 alloy. Kidney @entity3 concentration was significantly greater at 26 weeks, compared with other test periods. Local tissue deposition of @entity3 was verified by use of Prussian blue staining for all @entity3 -containing metals. Concentration of @entity7 in kidneys was significantly greater at 8, 16, and 26 weeks after implantation, compared with 2 weeks. CLINICAL RELEVANCE AND IMPACT FOR @entity0 MEDICINE: @entity0 or @entity4 wounded with @entity6 -plated steel may require more aggressive initial monitoring than those wounded with other shot types. Monitoring of systemic @entity7 concentrations may be indicated in @entity0 wounded with shotgun pellets.

title: Evaluation of local and systemic effects after intramuscular implantation of lead shot alternatives in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Legume root nodules are the site of biological @entity2 fixation in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Nodules are structures unique to this symbiosis and they are morphologically as well as physiologically distinct from other plant organs. Organic substances affecting the macro- or microsymbionts vitality, such as @entity3 (WETZEL: et al., 1991), reduce nodulation even before visible damage to the plant can be detected. We present data that the formation of nodules (nodulation) may also serve for ecotoxicological evaluation of heavy metals in different binding states. Tests were performed in petri dishes with alfalfa (lucerne) seedlings inoculated with @entity10 . Cultivation took place in growth cabinets with carefully standardized and documented growth conditions. Data from stressed plants was recorded after 14 days of cultivation on contaminated substrate. A dose responsive decrease in nodulation was found after application of @entity11 , @entity12 , @entity9 , @entity0 salts of @entity7 and @entity6 , @entity13 , and lead @entity1 , whereas @entity8 showed no effect up to a concentration of 3 microM. The dose response curves were used to calculate EC10, EC50 and EC90 values. EC50 values for @entity4 compounds range from 1.5 to 9.5 pM. Testing different @entity5 compounds results in EC50 from 2.6 to 20.1 microM. EC50 of lead @entity1 is 2.2 microM. The sensitivity, reproducibility and reliability of this test system is discussed compared to established biotests.

title: Toxicity testing of heavy metals with the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis: High sensitivity to @entity4 and XXXX compounds.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Legume root nodules are the site of biological @entity2 fixation in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Nodules are structures unique to this symbiosis and they are morphologically as well as physiologically distinct from other plant organs. Organic substances affecting the macro- or microsymbionts vitality, such as @entity3 (WETZEL: et al., 1991), reduce nodulation even before visible damage to the plant can be detected. We present data that the formation of nodules (nodulation) may also serve for ecotoxicological evaluation of heavy metals in different binding states. Tests were performed in petri dishes with alfalfa (lucerne) seedlings inoculated with @entity10 . Cultivation took place in growth cabinets with carefully standardized and documented growth conditions. Data from stressed plants was recorded after 14 days of cultivation on contaminated substrate. A dose responsive decrease in nodulation was found after application of @entity11 , @entity12 , @entity9 , @entity0 salts of @entity7 and @entity6 , @entity13 , and lead @entity1 , whereas @entity8 showed no effect up to a concentration of 3 microM. The dose response curves were used to calculate EC10, EC50 and EC90 values. EC50 values for @entity4 compounds range from 1.5 to 9.5 pM. Testing different @entity5 compounds results in EC50 from 2.6 to 20.1 microM. EC50 of lead @entity1 is 2.2 microM. The sensitivity, reproducibility and reliability of this test system is discussed compared to established biotests.

title: Toxicity testing of heavy metals with the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis: High sensitivity to XXXX and @entity5 compounds.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is common, often causing physiologic impairment. Inconsistent results have been reported using a variety of open surgical techniques with extensive subperiosteal costal cartilage resection. METHODS: Since 1969, 912 (80% @entity0 ) symptomatic @entity6 @entity0 (mean severity index 4.9) underwent open surgical correction at UCLA Medical Center by one surgeon. Almost all @entity0 had @entity5 , reduced endurance, @entity7 , and @entity4 with exertion. The mean age at operation was 19.8 years. @entity3 was present in 465 (51%) @entity0 ; combined @entity6 and pectus carinatum was present in 33 @entity0 . Recurrent @entity6 were repaired on 73 @entity0 . Progressively less deformed costal cartilage was resected during the 38-year period; almost all of the last 303 @entity0 had only short segments excised from both ends with suture reattachment. Transverse wedge sternal osteotomy was used on all @entity0 , and 883 (97%) had a sternal support strut for 6 to 9 months. RESULTS: @entity5 , endurance, @entity7 , and @entity4 was improved in almost all @entity0 within 5 months after repair. Repair for recurrent deformities and resection of mild localized cartilage protrusion was reduced more than threefold when minimal cartilage resection with wire reattachment was used. @entity2 in the last 537 @entity0 were less frequent, @entity1 was less severe, and results were better than when more extensive previous repairs were used (mean follow-up 7.6 years). Very good or excellent results were reported by 94.2% of all @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: In this largest series of open @entity6 repair, progressively less extensive operative techniques have resulted in low morbidity, mild @entity1 , short hospitalization, and very good physiologic and cosmetic results.

title: 912 open XXXX repairs: changing trends, lessons learned: one surgeon's experience.

answer: @entity6


abstract: A-76-year-old @entity0 consulted for open biopsy for a pulmonary mass. Thoracoscopic wedge resection was performed. The lesion was histologically diagnosed as nonspecific @entity2 . On the first postoperative day ( @entity7 ), the @entity0 lost consciousness transiently. Eleven hours after the first @entity4 , the @entity0 experienced a second @entity4 together with @entity5 . Pulmonary perfusion scan on POD2 showed multiple perfusion defects, and the @entity0 was diagnosed with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Thrombolitic therapy was started. @entity1 didn't improve, and cerebral angiography on POD3 showed delayed perfusion in superficial veins. The @entity0 was diagnosed with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy had been continued, and the @entity0 was found to have @entity6 cerebral infarction on POD11. After persistent therapy, the @entity0 was discharged on POD120. Although both @entity8 and @entity3 are rare complications after thoracic surgery, we must consider these complications in @entity0 undergoing thoracic operations including thoracoscopic surgery.

title: @entity8 and XXXX after thoracoscopic surgery for benign pulmonary disease.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A-76-year-old @entity0 consulted for open biopsy for a pulmonary mass. Thoracoscopic wedge resection was performed. The lesion was histologically diagnosed as nonspecific @entity2 . On the first postoperative day ( @entity7 ), the @entity0 lost consciousness transiently. Eleven hours after the first @entity4 , the @entity0 experienced a second @entity4 together with @entity5 . Pulmonary perfusion scan on POD2 showed multiple perfusion defects, and the @entity0 was diagnosed with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Thrombolitic therapy was started. @entity1 didn't improve, and cerebral angiography on POD3 showed delayed perfusion in superficial veins. The @entity0 was diagnosed with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy had been continued, and the @entity0 was found to have @entity6 cerebral infarction on POD11. After persistent therapy, the @entity0 was discharged on POD120. Although both @entity8 and @entity3 are rare complications after thoracic surgery, we must consider these complications in @entity0 undergoing thoracic operations including thoracoscopic surgery.

title: XXXX and @entity3 after thoracoscopic surgery for benign pulmonary disease.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine @entity8 and @entity3 in elderly @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) under intensive multifactorial @entity2 control. DESIGN: Six-year interventional observation study. SETTING: Multicenter study including four hospitals. @entity0 : Four hundred thirteen elderly (> or = 65) @entity0 with type 2 @entity2 attending each hospital for 1 year or longer; those receiving hemodialysis or with uncured @entity1 were excluded. MEASUREMENTS: Development, worsening, and improvement of @entity8 and @entity3 and respective risk factors. RESULTS: The mean baseline hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and total @entity6 were 6.8%, 137/74 mmHg, and 5.13 mmol/L, respectively. @entity8 developed in 45 of 168 (27%) @entity0 and, of 63 with @entity8 , worsened and improved in 11 (17%) and 23 (37%), respectively. @entity3 developed in 53 of 227 (23%) @entity0 and improved in 13 of 51 (25%) having it baseline. The mean change in glomerular filtration rate (DeltaGFR, baseline GFR-GFR at the end of the study period) in those with @entity3 at baseline was 21.5 mL/min. HbA1c was related to development of @entity8 (P=.001, odds ratio (OR)=1.91), and serum @entity10 (P=.03, OR=1.02), systolic BP (SBP) (P=.03, OR=1.22), and prior @entity4 (P=.005, OR=3.21) were related to development of @entity3 . In @entity0 with @entity3 at baseline, SBP (P=.03, Spearman's rho (rho)=0.310), total @entity6 (P=.01, rho=0.361), and low-density lipoprotein @entity6 (P=.03, rho=0.322) were correlated with DeltaGFR. CONCLUSION: In elderly @entity0 under intensive control for @entity2 , the outcome of @entity7 is favorable. Modifiable risk factors were @entity11 for development of @entity8 and @entity5 and @entity9 for development or worsening of @entity3 ; prior @entity4 was an unmodifiable risk factor for development of @entity3 .

title: Development, worsening, and improvement of diabetic microangiopathy in older @entity0 : six-year prospective study of @entity0 under intensive XXXX control.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine @entity8 and @entity3 in elderly @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) under intensive multifactorial @entity2 control. DESIGN: Six-year interventional observation study. SETTING: Multicenter study including four hospitals. @entity0 : Four hundred thirteen elderly (> or = 65) @entity0 with type 2 @entity2 attending each hospital for 1 year or longer; those receiving hemodialysis or with uncured @entity1 were excluded. MEASUREMENTS: Development, worsening, and improvement of @entity8 and @entity3 and respective risk factors. RESULTS: The mean baseline hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and total @entity6 were 6.8%, 137/74 mmHg, and 5.13 mmol/L, respectively. @entity8 developed in 45 of 168 (27%) @entity0 and, of 63 with @entity8 , worsened and improved in 11 (17%) and 23 (37%), respectively. @entity3 developed in 53 of 227 (23%) @entity0 and improved in 13 of 51 (25%) having it baseline. The mean change in glomerular filtration rate (DeltaGFR, baseline GFR-GFR at the end of the study period) in those with @entity3 at baseline was 21.5 mL/min. HbA1c was related to development of @entity8 (P=.001, odds ratio (OR)=1.91), and serum @entity10 (P=.03, OR=1.02), systolic BP (SBP) (P=.03, OR=1.22), and prior @entity4 (P=.005, OR=3.21) were related to development of @entity3 . In @entity0 with @entity3 at baseline, SBP (P=.03, Spearman's rho (rho)=0.310), total @entity6 (P=.01, rho=0.361), and low-density lipoprotein @entity6 (P=.03, rho=0.322) were correlated with DeltaGFR. CONCLUSION: In elderly @entity0 under intensive control for @entity2 , the outcome of @entity7 is favorable. Modifiable risk factors were @entity11 for development of @entity8 and @entity5 and @entity9 for development or worsening of @entity3 ; prior @entity4 was an unmodifiable risk factor for development of @entity3 .

title: Development, worsening, and improvement of diabetic microangiopathy in older XXXX : six-year prospective study of @entity0 under intensive @entity2 control.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine @entity8 and @entity3 in elderly @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) under intensive multifactorial @entity2 control. DESIGN: Six-year interventional observation study. SETTING: Multicenter study including four hospitals. @entity0 : Four hundred thirteen elderly (> or = 65) @entity0 with type 2 @entity2 attending each hospital for 1 year or longer; those receiving hemodialysis or with uncured @entity1 were excluded. MEASUREMENTS: Development, worsening, and improvement of @entity8 and @entity3 and respective risk factors. RESULTS: The mean baseline hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and total @entity6 were 6.8%, 137/74 mmHg, and 5.13 mmol/L, respectively. @entity8 developed in 45 of 168 (27%) @entity0 and, of 63 with @entity8 , worsened and improved in 11 (17%) and 23 (37%), respectively. @entity3 developed in 53 of 227 (23%) @entity0 and improved in 13 of 51 (25%) having it baseline. The mean change in glomerular filtration rate (DeltaGFR, baseline GFR-GFR at the end of the study period) in those with @entity3 at baseline was 21.5 mL/min. HbA1c was related to development of @entity8 (P=.001, odds ratio (OR)=1.91), and serum @entity10 (P=.03, OR=1.02), systolic BP (SBP) (P=.03, OR=1.22), and prior @entity4 (P=.005, OR=3.21) were related to development of @entity3 . In @entity0 with @entity3 at baseline, SBP (P=.03, Spearman's rho (rho)=0.310), total @entity6 (P=.01, rho=0.361), and low-density lipoprotein @entity6 (P=.03, rho=0.322) were correlated with DeltaGFR. CONCLUSION: In elderly @entity0 under intensive control for @entity2 , the outcome of @entity7 is favorable. Modifiable risk factors were @entity11 for development of @entity8 and @entity5 and @entity9 for development or worsening of @entity3 ; prior @entity4 was an unmodifiable risk factor for development of @entity3 .

title: Development, worsening, and improvement of diabetic microangiopathy in older @entity0 : six-year prospective study of XXXX under intensive @entity2 control.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Most cytotoxic agents exert their action via damage of DNA. Therefore, the repair of such lesions is of major importance for the sensitivity of malignant cells to chemotherapeutic agents. The underlying mechanisms of various DNA repair pathways have extensively been studied in @entity2 , bacteria and @entity0 cells. Sensitive and @entity1 cell lines have provided models for analysis of the contribution of DNA repair to chemosensitivity. However, the validity of results obtained by laboratory experiments with regard to the clinical situation is limited. In both @entity4 , the emergence of drug resistant cells is a major cause for treatment failure. Recently, assays have become available to measure cellular DNA repair capacity in clinical specimens at the single-cell level. Application of these assays to isolated lymphocytes from @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) revealed large interindividual differences in DNA repair rates. Accelerated @entity5 elimination from DNA and faster processing of repair-induced single-strand breaks were found in @entity3 lymphocytes from @entity0 nonresponsive to chemotherapy with alkylating agents compared to untreated or treated sensitive @entity0 . Moreover, modulators of DNA repair with different target mechanisms were identified which also influence the sensitivity of @entity1 cells to alkylating agents. In this article, we review the current knowledge about the contribution of DNA repair to drug resistance in @entity0 @entity4 .

title: Drug resistance and DNA repair in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to compare the utility of immunoflow cytometry (IFC) with two IgH polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for the identification of clonality in fine needle aspirations (FNAs) from T-cell-rich @entity3 (TCRBCLs). METHODS: Ten cases of TCRBCLs were identified in which IFC had been performed according to our previously described method. Seven of these were cases in which the original diagnosis had been made by FNA cytology with IFC and cell block immunohistochemistry (IHC). The remaining three cases only had biopsies with histology, IFC and IHC. @entity0 -fixed paraffin-embedded FNA cell block or histology tissue from these specimens had also been submitted for IgH PCR clonality studies using primers FR2a/VLJH and primers FR3a/VLJH. The results were reviewed and compared. RESULTS: All 10 case demonstrated B-cell clonality for at least one of the primer sets on PCR, but none showed light chain restriction on IFC. All TCRBCLs were positive for @entity4 and @entity10 but negative for @entity5 and @entity1 . They were also consistently negative for @entity11 , @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity12 , @entity13 , @entity6 and @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: If IgH PCR clonality assays had a turnaround time of 1 or 2 days, there might be a strong case for these studies supporting or even replacing IFC, in the FNA diagnosis of @entity2 .

title: Immunoflow cytometry compared with PCR for the identification of clonality in FNAs of T-cell-rich XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a chronic progressive @entity2 of unknown pathogenesis. However, several reports have demonstrated the involvement of genetic backgrounds in this syndrome. The aim of this study is to examine the genetic disequilibrium in the HLA region in Japanese @entity0 using six microsatellite markers. METHODS: Genomic DNAs were obtained from 73 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity0 cohort) and 186 healthy volunteers (control cohort). Genetic polymorphisms at six microsatellite markers (D6S1568, DQ.CAR, D6S273, @entity1 -d, @entity4 ) were determined using fluorescence-labeled polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genetic analyzer. Allele frequencies were estimated by direct counting and the genotypic differentiation test was performed by the Markov chain method using Genepop software. RESULTS: Among these six microsatellite markers, four markers in the @entity0 significantly (P < 0.05) deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: DQ.CAR (P = 0.0278), D6S273 (P = 0.0168), @entity1 -d (P = 0.0089) and @entity4 (P = 0.0005). Genotypic differentiation test between the @entity0 and controls demonstrated that DQ.CAR (P = 0.0111), @entity1 -d (P = 0.0051) and @entity4 (P = 0.0371) were significant. Finally, allelic association test revealed before correction for multiple testing demonstrated allele125 of @entity1 -d (P = 0.00065, Pc = 0.0052) and allele246 of @entity4 (P = 0.0026 Pc = 0.033) had significant association after Bonferroni's correction. CONCLUSION: Disequilibrium mapping using microsatellite markers was a useful method to narrow a disease susceptibility locus. The possible susceptibility gene in the HLA region is thought to be localized around or in the @entity1 gene. Further studies seem feasible using more closely distributed microsatellite markers or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to narrow the susceptibility locus in @entity3 in Japanese populations.

title: Mapping of a disease susceptibility locus in the HLA region for XXXX in Japan.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In this investigation, clastogenic effects of Thymus kotschyanus var. glabrescens Boiss. extract (TE) and anticlastogenic effects of this extract against @entity2 ( @entity3 ) induced @entity1 have been evaluated in @entity0 peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Two series of experiments were conducted. In the first, only 10(-5), 10(-4), 10(-3) and 10(-2) mul ml(-1) concentrations of TE were used for 48 h to detect potential clastogenicity. In the second, @entity3 (0.38 mug ml(-1)) plus 10(-5), 10(-4), 10(-3) and 10(-2) mul ml(-1) concentrations of TE were used for 48 h to determine anticlastogenic effects. TE did not increase sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) (except 10(-2) mul ml concentration) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) significantly compared with negative and solvent controls. However, it decreased the frequency of @entity3 induced @entity4 . Decreasing was significant at 10(-4), 10(-3) and 10(-2) mul ml(-1) concentrations. On the other hand, TE significantly increased @entity3 -induced SCEs for all treatment groups compared with positive control.

title: Effects of Thymus kotschyanus var. glabrescens Boiss. extract on XXXX -C induced @entity4 and sister chromatid exchanges in @entity0 lymphocytes.

answer: @entity2