abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of @entity0 with metastatic @entity3 requiring reoperative retroperitoneal surgery at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, because such @entity0 are poorly characterized. METHODS: The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center germ cell @entity1 surgical database was reviewed from January 1989 through April 2001, and the clinical characteristics of @entity0 undergoing reoperative retroperitoneal surgery for @entity3 were identified. The initial presentation, histologic findings, morbidity, and survival were analyzed. Disease-specific survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: A total of 56 @entity0 underwent 61 repeat operations: 22 after primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) and 34 after postchemotherapy RPLND. Left testicular primary @entity1 were more common than right (33 versus 23), and the most common sites of disease prompting reoperation were the para-aortic and left hilar regions. @entity2 was the most common histologic finding at the time of reoperation. Of 56 @entity0 , 37 (66%) required chemotherapy between the initial operation and reoperation. The overall perioperative complication rate was 27%, and median length of hospital stay was 8 days. Sixty-nine percent of @entity0 required adjunctive procedures at the time of reoperation, the most common of which was thoracotomy. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 67% for the entire group (86% following reoperation after primary RPLND and 56% following reoperation after postchemotherapy RPLND). CONCLUSIONS: Reoperative retroperitoneal surgery for @entity3 can be performed with acceptable morbidity in select referral centers. @entity2 is highly prevalent in the retroperitoneum at the time of reoperation. A significant subset of these high-risk @entity0 can be salvaged with complete resection.

title: Reoperative retroperitoneal surgery for XXXX : clinical presentation, patterns of recurrence, and outcome.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present our experience with the use of stomach, ileum, and colon for augmentation cystoplasty to examine the incidence of, and risk factors for, spontaneous perforation. Spontaneous @entity7 is a potentially life-threatening complication of augmentation cystoplasty with a reported incidence of up to 13%. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records from 1988 to 2001 identified 107 @entity0 (57 males and 50 females) who underwent augmentation cystoplasty at our institution. The etiology for @entity7 included myelomeningocele, VATER ( @entity2 , imperforate anus, @entity8 , radial and renal dysplasia) syndrome, bladder and @entity9 , @entity4 , and @entity1 . Thirteen @entity0 also had @entity6 . RESULTS: The median follow-up was 7.4 years. Gastrocystoplasty was performed in 50 @entity0 (47%), ileocystoplasty in 37 (35%), colocystoplasty in 18 (17%), and @entity5 in 2 (2%). Augmentation cystoplasty procedures were performed using a standard technique that included a two-layer @entity3 . Additional procedures at the time of reconstruction included Mitrofanoff neourethra in 66 @entity0 (62%) and @entity7 repair in 44 (41%). Postoperatively, most @entity0 started a strict incremental catheterization regimen. The overall incidence of @entity7 was 5%, with one traumatic (1%) and four spontaneous (4%) perforations. All @entity0 recovered uneventfully after exploratory laparotomy. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the relatively low incidence of spontaneous @entity7 encountered in this series may be explained by the large number of @entity0 with gastrocystoplasty, as well as our strict adherence to a postoperative incremental catheterization program.

title: Risk factors for spontaneous XXXX after augmentation cystoplasty.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The morphological and functional differences between the retinal and choroidal vascular bed raise the question of whether the smallest functional unit, the microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC), also differs in its basal characteristics. Here, we examined @entity0 retinal and choroidal MVECs (rMVECs, cMVECs) for the presence and regulation of angiogenic mediators and their receptors, and cytokines at the mRNA level using quantitative RT-PCR and differential display. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) mRNA was expressed in both rMVECs and cMVECs. The basal and @entity1 -increased @entity2 mRNA levels were significantly higher in cMVECs, which may indicate a higher capacity for autocrine stimulation in these cells. The mRNA for two @entity2 receptors, @entity5 and @entity4 , was present in rMVECs and cMVECs. Interestingly, rMVECs expressed higher @entity5 but lower @entity4 mRNA levels compared to cMVECs. Examining the angiopoietin (Ang)/Tie-2 system, we only detected @entity7 mRNA at very low levels. While @entity8 mRNA levels were high in both rMVECs and cMVECs, rMVECs expressed 2-3 times the basal and @entity1 -upregulated @entity8 mRNA levels than did cMVECs. No difference was found in basal Tie-2 mRNA levels. rMVECs are the more potent producers of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ), whereas cMVECs expressed higher @entity3 mRNA levels. In our second approach - screening rMVECs and cMVECs for differentially expressed genes - we found @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity11 ( @entity11 ) mRNA in both MVEC types at varying levels. In summary, MVECs from the retinal and choroidal vascular beds showed quantitative differences in angiogenic regulator expression and in their capability to produce cytokines.

title: Differences between retinal and choroidal microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) under normal and XXXX conditions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Between 1978 and 1997 the Institute of Legal Medicine of the Hannover Medical School examined 17 fatal @entity2 . The incidence for the Hannover region was 0.49 cases per million inhabitants per year. The victims included 17 @entity0 with an average age of 36.8 years; a peak in the age distribution was seen between 20 and 29 years. Twelve of the @entity0 were found by friends or family in a domestic environment, while other situations in which the victims were found included the victim's own car, a hotel room, a canal embankment, a public parking lot as well as the holding cell of the youth detention center. The @entity0 were of varying socioeconomic status and held a number of different types of jobs or still attended school. Five of the @entity0 were found completely nude, while five were only undressed below the waist. Four @entity0 wore @entity0 's clothes and two were fully clothed with exposed genitals. Besides @entity0 's clothes, other objects found at the scene included various types of sexual aids, including ropes, chains, metal bars, locks, sex magazines, condoms, plastic bags, rubber items, etc. In four cases blood @entity1 levels between 0.1 and 2.5 per thousand (urine @entity1 levels between 0.2 and 2.5 per thousand ) were found. Toxicologic examination revealed @entity10 , @entity11 , a @entity13 - @entity12 gas mixture in one case each, and in two cases @entity8 and @entity6 . Causes of @entity2 included central @entity5 after strangulation (seven cases), @entity7 (4), @entity3 (2), intoxication (1), @entity9 (1), @entity4 (1), and drowning (1). The history, findings at scene, and autopsy findings and, in individual cases, other investigations are of utmost importance to accurately reconstruct a fatal autoerotic accident.

title: Accidental XXXX between 1978 and 1997. Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical School Hannover.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy, tolerability, and acceptance of a vaginal ring delivering the equivalent of 50 or 100 microg per day of @entity1 (E2), compared with placebo, for relief of moderate to severe @entity4 and urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity4 (seven or more per day or 56 per week average) received 13 weeks of treatment with a vaginal ring delivering 50 microg per day E2 (n = 113) or 100 microg per day E2 (n = 112), or a placebo vaginal ring (n = 108). Severity of @entity4 was assessed by a daily diary card and the Greene Climacteric Scale. Urogenital signs and symptoms were evaluated via @entity0 and physician assessment and vaginal cytology. @entity0 satisfaction with the vaginal ring was evaluated via questionnaire. RESULTS: Vasomotor symptoms significantly improved in both treatment groups, compared with placebo (P <.05). There was a trend toward greater improvement in @entity0 assessment of urogenital signs with active rings compared with placebo. For @entity0 with @entity3 at baseline (n = 60), the maturation index improved significantly in both treatment groups compared with placebo. Total Greene Climacteric Scale scores significantly improved for both E2 vaginal ring groups (P <.05) compared with placebo. The vaginal rings were well tolerated. Most adverse events were mild or moderate and consistent with @entity2 therapy. CONCLUSION: A novel vaginal ring delivering the equivalent of 50 or 100 microg per day of E2 significantly reduced the number and severity of @entity4 and improved urogenital symptoms, compared with placebo. The E2 vaginal ring was well tolerated.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of a novel XXXX vaginal ring for relief of menopausal symptoms.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 is a small modifier protein that is conjugated to substrates to target them for degradation. Recently, a surprising number of @entity3 -like proteins have been identified that also can be attached to proteins. Herein, we identify two molecular functions for the posttranslational protein modifier from @entity0 , @entity6 . Simultaneous loss of @entity6 and @entity5 , a p21-activated kinase that functions in budding, is lethal. This result suggests a role for the urmylation pathway in budding. Furthermore, loss of the urmylation pathway causes defects in @entity1 and confers sensitivity to @entity2 . Our results indicate that the sensitivity to @entity2 is due to a genetic interaction with the TOR pathway, which is important for regulation of cell growth in response to nutrients. We have found that @entity6 can be attached to a number of proteins. Loss of five genes that are also essential in a cla4Delta strain, @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity4 , affect the level of at least one @entity6 conjugate. Moreover, these five genes have a role in @entity1 and display genetic interactions with the TOR pathway. In summary, our results suggest the urmylation pathway is involved in nutrient sensing and budding.

title: Urmylation: a @entity3 -like pathway that functions during XXXX and budding in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 is a small modifier protein that is conjugated to substrates to target them for degradation. Recently, a surprising number of @entity3 -like proteins have been identified that also can be attached to proteins. Herein, we identify two molecular functions for the posttranslational protein modifier from @entity0 , @entity6 . Simultaneous loss of @entity6 and @entity5 , a p21-activated kinase that functions in budding, is lethal. This result suggests a role for the urmylation pathway in budding. Furthermore, loss of the urmylation pathway causes defects in @entity1 and confers sensitivity to @entity2 . Our results indicate that the sensitivity to @entity2 is due to a genetic interaction with the TOR pathway, which is important for regulation of cell growth in response to nutrients. We have found that @entity6 can be attached to a number of proteins. Loss of five genes that are also essential in a cla4Delta strain, @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity4 , affect the level of at least one @entity6 conjugate. Moreover, these five genes have a role in @entity1 and display genetic interactions with the TOR pathway. In summary, our results suggest the urmylation pathway is involved in nutrient sensing and budding.

title: Urmylation: a @entity3 -like pathway that functions during @entity1 and budding in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 is a small modifier protein that is conjugated to substrates to target them for degradation. Recently, a surprising number of @entity3 -like proteins have been identified that also can be attached to proteins. Herein, we identify two molecular functions for the posttranslational protein modifier from @entity0 , @entity6 . Simultaneous loss of @entity6 and @entity5 , a p21-activated kinase that functions in budding, is lethal. This result suggests a role for the urmylation pathway in budding. Furthermore, loss of the urmylation pathway causes defects in @entity1 and confers sensitivity to @entity2 . Our results indicate that the sensitivity to @entity2 is due to a genetic interaction with the TOR pathway, which is important for regulation of cell growth in response to nutrients. We have found that @entity6 can be attached to a number of proteins. Loss of five genes that are also essential in a cla4Delta strain, @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity4 , affect the level of at least one @entity6 conjugate. Moreover, these five genes have a role in @entity1 and display genetic interactions with the TOR pathway. In summary, our results suggest the urmylation pathway is involved in nutrient sensing and budding.

title: Urmylation: a XXXX -like pathway that functions during @entity1 and budding in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity9 (hypocretin 1 and 2) are the endogenous ligands of orexin receptors, a G-protein-coupled orphan receptor family containing orexin 1 (OX1) and orexin 2 (OX2) types. @entity9 induces @entity4 in acute and @entity1 models. We further elucidated the possible antiallodynic effect of intrathecal orexins in a @entity0 model of @entity2 . Mechanical @entity6 was induced by incising the @entity0 hind paw and evaluated with the withdrawal threshold to von Frey filament stimulation. Intrathecal @entity9 (0.03-1 nmol) and orexin B (0.1-3 nmol) dose dependently attenuated the incision-induced @entity6 . @entity9 (ED50 = 0.06 nmol) is more potent than orexin B. The effects of @entity9 were abolished by their respective antibodies, but not by @entity5 , and were attenuated by @entity8 and @entity3 , the P2X purinergic and @entity7 receptor antagonists, respectively. @entity10 , an OX1 receptor antagonist, at 30 nmol completely blocked the effect of @entity9 but, even at 100 nmol, only partially antagonized the effect of orexin B. @entity9 antibody, @entity10 , @entity8 , @entity3 , or @entity5 enhanced the incision-induced allodynic response. It is concluded that intrathecal orexins reduce incision-induced @entity6 through OX1 receptors. @entity7 and P2X purinergic receptors, but not opioid receptors, might be involved in the antiallodynic effects of orexins. Endogenous orexin might be released after incision injury to activate the spinal OX1 receptors as an endogenous analgesic protector.

title: Antiallodynic effects of intrathecal orexins in a @entity0 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity9 (hypocretin 1 and 2) are the endogenous ligands of orexin receptors, a G-protein-coupled orphan receptor family containing orexin 1 (OX1) and orexin 2 (OX2) types. @entity9 induces @entity4 in acute and @entity1 models. We further elucidated the possible antiallodynic effect of intrathecal orexins in a @entity0 model of @entity2 . Mechanical @entity6 was induced by incising the @entity0 hind paw and evaluated with the withdrawal threshold to von Frey filament stimulation. Intrathecal @entity9 (0.03-1 nmol) and orexin B (0.1-3 nmol) dose dependently attenuated the incision-induced @entity6 . @entity9 (ED50 = 0.06 nmol) is more potent than orexin B. The effects of @entity9 were abolished by their respective antibodies, but not by @entity5 , and were attenuated by @entity8 and @entity3 , the P2X purinergic and @entity7 receptor antagonists, respectively. @entity10 , an OX1 receptor antagonist, at 30 nmol completely blocked the effect of @entity9 but, even at 100 nmol, only partially antagonized the effect of orexin B. @entity9 antibody, @entity10 , @entity8 , @entity3 , or @entity5 enhanced the incision-induced allodynic response. It is concluded that intrathecal orexins reduce incision-induced @entity6 through OX1 receptors. @entity7 and P2X purinergic receptors, but not opioid receptors, might be involved in the antiallodynic effects of orexins. Endogenous orexin might be released after incision injury to activate the spinal OX1 receptors as an endogenous analgesic protector.

title: Antiallodynic effects of intrathecal orexins in a XXXX model of @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: A promising treatment strategy for stage 4 @entity2 @entity0 is the repeated application of anti-GD2 immunotherapy after activating myeloid effectors with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). To use early marrow response as a prognostic marker is particularly relevant for @entity0 not likely to benefit from this therapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: Eighty-six stage 4 @entity2 @entity0 older than 1 year at diagnosis were classified in four clinical groups on protocol entry: complete remission or very good partial remission (n = 33), primary refractory (n = 33), secondary refractory (n = 10), and progressive disease (n = 10). Bone marrow samples collected before and following treatment were assayed for GD2 synthase mRNA by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Response and survival analyses were performed on posttreatment samples before the third cycle at 1.8 months from protocol entry. RESULTS: GD2 synthase mRNA was evident in pretreatment marrow samples of the four clinical groups (42%, 52%, 60%, and 80% of samples, respectively), with median transcript level of 10.0, 16.6, 26.5, and 87.2, respectively. This marker became negative following antibody plus @entity3 in 77% of complete remission or very good partial remission, 45% of primary refractory, 25% of secondary refractory, and 0% of progressive disease group. Progression-free survival was statistically different between responder and nonresponder groups (P <.0001). Among @entity0 with @entity1 , molecular responders had a significantly lower risk of disease progression at a median follow-up of 29.8 months (P =.0001). CONCLUSION: GD2 synthase mRNA is a sensitive response marker of @entity2 in the bone marrow. It is particularly useful for @entity1 evaluation and may potentially be useful as an early predictor of resistance to antibody plus @entity3 immunotherapy.

title: Early molecular response of marrow disease to biologic therapy is highly prognostic in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and volume expansion on renal function in the @entity1 were studied to gain more knowledge of the @entity7 seen during laparoscopic procedures and to reduce the detrimental renal effects of IAP. METHODS: IAP was elevated to 5 or 10 mmHg by insufflation of @entity2 and maintained for 2 h in anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated @entity1 . @entity1 with normal IAP served as controls. An @entity9 receptor I antagonist, @entity8 , was given as a bolus injection and a 5% volume expansion was achieved by i.v. saline infusion. An @entity10 ( @entity10 ) inhibitor was also given. Renal parameters were the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine production, the urinary concentrations of @entity6 and @entity4 and the osmolality in the urine. The arterial acid-base balance and blood pressure were also monitored. RESULTS: The GFR deteriorated by 70% during @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of 10 mmHg. There was a dramatic drop in @entity6 excretion (88-97%). With @entity8 and elevated IAP, there was a drop in mean arterial pressure (from 90 to 55 mmHg) and the negative renal effects were very pronounced. Renal function was better preserved during elevated IAP in combination with volume expansion. CONCLUSIONS: Capnoperitoneum suppresses renal function, especially in combination with @entity9 receptor 1 blockade and @entity10 inhibition. Volume expansion reduces the deleterious effects of @entity3 on renal function during elevated IAP. The results suggest that @entity0 should not be given pharmaceuticals blocking the renin-angiotensin- @entity5 system prior to procedures that may increase IAP. It may be beneficial, however, to reduce @entity9 tension by volume expansion.

title: Effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure and volume expansion on renal function in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cyclic @entity4 -gated (CNG) channels are nonselective cation channels first identified in retinal photoreceptors and olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). They are opened by the direct binding of @entity10 , @entity3 and @entity9 . Although their activity shows @entity5 , CNG channels belong to the superfamily of voltage-gated ion channels. Like their cousins the voltage-gated K+ channels, CNG channels form heterotetrameric complexes consisting of two or three different types of subunits. Six different genes encoding CNG channels, four A subunits (A1 to A4) and two B subunits (B1 and B3), give rise to three different channels in rod and cone photoreceptors and in OSNs. Important functional features of these channels, i.e., ligand sensitivity and selectivity, ion permeation, and gating, are determined by the subunit composition of the respective channel complex. The function of CNG channels has been firmly established in retinal photoreceptors and in OSNs. Studies on their presence in other sensory and nonsensory cells have produced mixed results, and their purported roles in neuronal pathfinding or synaptic plasticity are not as well understood as their role in sensory neurons. Similarly, the function of invertebrate homologs found in @entity7 , @entity2 , and Limulus is largely unknown, except for two subunits of @entity7 that play a role in chemosensation. CNG channels are nonselective cation channels that do not discriminate well between alkali ions and even pass divalent cations, in particular @entity1 . @entity1 entry through CNG channels is important for both excitation and adaptation of sensory cells. CNG channel activity is modulated by @entity1 /calmodulin and by phosphorylation. Other factors may also be involved in channel regulation. Mutations in CNG channel genes give rise to @entity6 . In particular, mutations in the A and B subunits of the CNG channel expressed in @entity0 cones cause various forms of complete and incomplete @entity8 .

title: Cyclic XXXX -gated ion channels.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The development of @entity3 -induced @entity2 is, in part, a consequence of the immunological/inflammatory response that @entity3 stimulates. The abnormalities of immune function in heavy drinkers have been documented well. Cytokines, especially @entity8 , produced from macrophages/Kupffer cells, play a role in the induction of liver cell @entity1 and apoptosis. @entity8 can cause liver cell apoptosis through the @entity8 receptor or Fas/CD95 which is expressed by liver cells. Furthermore, chronic @entity7 consumption may damage the liver by inhibiting the hepatotrophic and hepatoprotective actions of @entity8 and other cytokines. There exists an intrinsic lymphocyte population in the normal liver. Intrahepatic T lymphocytes consist of a heterogeneous population of cells that has many and varied functional characteristics in addition to classical T cell activity. The population of intrahepatic T lymphocytes may arise via a thymus-independent pathway. Our recent work has demonstrated the role of liver-associated T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of @entity3 related @entity2 initiated by a variety of stimuli such as endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, @entity5 ) or concanavalin A (Con A). Our studies have, for the first time, suggested that @entity3 consumption alone does not lead to the development of marked @entity4 (at least in the @entity0 ), but rather that a second insult is required for this to occur. Liver-associated T lymphocytes in @entity0 spontaneously secrete @entity9 , @entity6 and @entity8 in vitro culture. There is a significant decline in the amounts of @entity9 and @entity8 secreted in @entity7 -consuming @entity0 compared with non- @entity7 consuming @entity0 . The numbers of T cells, NK cells and Kupffer cells in liver perfusates remains stable over a prolonged period of @entity7 consumption. However, following Con A injection, there was an inappropriate increase in the amounts of @entity6 and @entity8 secreted in in vitro culture of liver-associated T lymphocytes and a significant increase in the percentage of CD4+ T cells and CD25+ T cells in liver perfusates compared with non- @entity7 consuming @entity0 . It suggested that liver-associated T lymphocytes are involved in the inflammatory process associated with @entity3 related @entity2 through increased cytokine secretion ( @entity8 ).

title: Molecular pathogenesis of T lymphocyte-induced @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The development of @entity3 -induced @entity2 is, in part, a consequence of the immunological/inflammatory response that @entity3 stimulates. The abnormalities of immune function in heavy drinkers have been documented well. Cytokines, especially @entity8 , produced from macrophages/Kupffer cells, play a role in the induction of liver cell @entity1 and apoptosis. @entity8 can cause liver cell apoptosis through the @entity8 receptor or Fas/CD95 which is expressed by liver cells. Furthermore, chronic @entity7 consumption may damage the liver by inhibiting the hepatotrophic and hepatoprotective actions of @entity8 and other cytokines. There exists an intrinsic lymphocyte population in the normal liver. Intrahepatic T lymphocytes consist of a heterogeneous population of cells that has many and varied functional characteristics in addition to classical T cell activity. The population of intrahepatic T lymphocytes may arise via a thymus-independent pathway. Our recent work has demonstrated the role of liver-associated T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of @entity3 related @entity2 initiated by a variety of stimuli such as endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, @entity5 ) or concanavalin A (Con A). Our studies have, for the first time, suggested that @entity3 consumption alone does not lead to the development of marked @entity4 (at least in the @entity0 ), but rather that a second insult is required for this to occur. Liver-associated T lymphocytes in @entity0 spontaneously secrete @entity9 , @entity6 and @entity8 in vitro culture. There is a significant decline in the amounts of @entity9 and @entity8 secreted in @entity7 -consuming @entity0 compared with non- @entity7 consuming @entity0 . The numbers of T cells, NK cells and Kupffer cells in liver perfusates remains stable over a prolonged period of @entity7 consumption. However, following Con A injection, there was an inappropriate increase in the amounts of @entity6 and @entity8 secreted in in vitro culture of liver-associated T lymphocytes and a significant increase in the percentage of CD4+ T cells and CD25+ T cells in liver perfusates compared with non- @entity7 consuming @entity0 . It suggested that liver-associated T lymphocytes are involved in the inflammatory process associated with @entity3 related @entity2 through increased cytokine secretion ( @entity8 ).

title: Molecular pathogenesis of T lymphocyte-induced XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the soluble form of @entity10 (sIL-1RAcP), whose physiologic function remains to be established, can serve as a specific inhibitor of @entity9 signaling in vitro, and to evaluate its applicability in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Soluble @entity10 was cloned from @entity1 liver complementary DNA and expressed by the use of either an adenoviral vector (AdRGD) for sIL-1RAcP or a stable-transfected NIH3T3 fibroblast cell line. The ability of affinity-purified @entity11 RAcP to inhibit @entity9 signaling was tested on NF-kappaB luciferase reporter fibroblasts and quantified by luminometer. To investigate therapeutic efficacy, sIL-1RAcP was both locally (knee joint) and systemically overexpressed in collagen-immunized male DBA/1 @entity1 . Severity of @entity4 was monitored visually, and the pathologic process in the joint was examined histologically. Serum was obtained from @entity1 to quantify @entity5 and anti-bovine type II collagen (BCII) antibody levels. RESULTS: Incubation of the NF-kappaB reporter fibroblast with purified @entity11 RAcP protein showed a marked reduction of @entity9 -induced, but not @entity0 @entity3 factor-induced, NF-kappaB activation. This showed a novel role for @entity11 RAcP as a specific inhibitor of @entity9 signaling. Local transplantation of @entity11 RAcP-producing NIH3T3 fibroblasts into the knee before onset of @entity6 had little or no effect on general disease severity in these @entity1 . Histologic evaluation of the knee joints receiving @entity11 RAcP cell transplantation showed a marked @entity2 and bone and cartilage @entity7 . Local treatment with @entity11 RAcP had no profound effect on serum levels of @entity5 and anti-BCII antibodies, which is indicative of the ongoing presence of @entity4 in @entity8 . In contrast to local treatment, systemic treatment with the AdRGD for @entity11 RAcP markedly ameliorated @entity6 in all joints. CONCLUSION: In this study we demonstrated that @entity11 RAcP is a biologically active and innovative inhibitor of @entity9 , and treatment of @entity1 with @entity11 RAcP had a profound prophylactic effect on @entity6 .

title: Effectiveness of the soluble form of the @entity9 receptor accessory protein as an inhibitor of @entity9 in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the soluble form of @entity10 (sIL-1RAcP), whose physiologic function remains to be established, can serve as a specific inhibitor of @entity9 signaling in vitro, and to evaluate its applicability in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Soluble @entity10 was cloned from @entity1 liver complementary DNA and expressed by the use of either an adenoviral vector (AdRGD) for sIL-1RAcP or a stable-transfected NIH3T3 fibroblast cell line. The ability of affinity-purified @entity11 RAcP to inhibit @entity9 signaling was tested on NF-kappaB luciferase reporter fibroblasts and quantified by luminometer. To investigate therapeutic efficacy, sIL-1RAcP was both locally (knee joint) and systemically overexpressed in collagen-immunized male DBA/1 @entity1 . Severity of @entity4 was monitored visually, and the pathologic process in the joint was examined histologically. Serum was obtained from @entity1 to quantify @entity5 and anti-bovine type II collagen (BCII) antibody levels. RESULTS: Incubation of the NF-kappaB reporter fibroblast with purified @entity11 RAcP protein showed a marked reduction of @entity9 -induced, but not @entity0 @entity3 factor-induced, NF-kappaB activation. This showed a novel role for @entity11 RAcP as a specific inhibitor of @entity9 signaling. Local transplantation of @entity11 RAcP-producing NIH3T3 fibroblasts into the knee before onset of @entity6 had little or no effect on general disease severity in these @entity1 . Histologic evaluation of the knee joints receiving @entity11 RAcP cell transplantation showed a marked @entity2 and bone and cartilage @entity7 . Local treatment with @entity11 RAcP had no profound effect on serum levels of @entity5 and anti-BCII antibodies, which is indicative of the ongoing presence of @entity4 in @entity8 . In contrast to local treatment, systemic treatment with the AdRGD for @entity11 RAcP markedly ameliorated @entity6 in all joints. CONCLUSION: In this study we demonstrated that @entity11 RAcP is a biologically active and innovative inhibitor of @entity9 , and treatment of @entity1 with @entity11 RAcP had a profound prophylactic effect on @entity6 .

title: Effectiveness of the soluble form of the XXXX receptor accessory protein as an inhibitor of @entity9 in @entity6 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the soluble form of @entity10 (sIL-1RAcP), whose physiologic function remains to be established, can serve as a specific inhibitor of @entity9 signaling in vitro, and to evaluate its applicability in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Soluble @entity10 was cloned from @entity1 liver complementary DNA and expressed by the use of either an adenoviral vector (AdRGD) for sIL-1RAcP or a stable-transfected NIH3T3 fibroblast cell line. The ability of affinity-purified @entity11 RAcP to inhibit @entity9 signaling was tested on NF-kappaB luciferase reporter fibroblasts and quantified by luminometer. To investigate therapeutic efficacy, sIL-1RAcP was both locally (knee joint) and systemically overexpressed in collagen-immunized male DBA/1 @entity1 . Severity of @entity4 was monitored visually, and the pathologic process in the joint was examined histologically. Serum was obtained from @entity1 to quantify @entity5 and anti-bovine type II collagen (BCII) antibody levels. RESULTS: Incubation of the NF-kappaB reporter fibroblast with purified @entity11 RAcP protein showed a marked reduction of @entity9 -induced, but not @entity0 @entity3 factor-induced, NF-kappaB activation. This showed a novel role for @entity11 RAcP as a specific inhibitor of @entity9 signaling. Local transplantation of @entity11 RAcP-producing NIH3T3 fibroblasts into the knee before onset of @entity6 had little or no effect on general disease severity in these @entity1 . Histologic evaluation of the knee joints receiving @entity11 RAcP cell transplantation showed a marked @entity2 and bone and cartilage @entity7 . Local treatment with @entity11 RAcP had no profound effect on serum levels of @entity5 and anti-BCII antibodies, which is indicative of the ongoing presence of @entity4 in @entity8 . In contrast to local treatment, systemic treatment with the AdRGD for @entity11 RAcP markedly ameliorated @entity6 in all joints. CONCLUSION: In this study we demonstrated that @entity11 RAcP is a biologically active and innovative inhibitor of @entity9 , and treatment of @entity1 with @entity11 RAcP had a profound prophylactic effect on @entity6 .

title: Effectiveness of the soluble form of the @entity9 receptor accessory protein as an inhibitor of XXXX in @entity6 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between cumulative CS dose and risk of @entity0 . DESIGN: Population-based case-control design. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 6660 subjects with @entity0 and 33,272 age-matched population controls were identified using the County Hospital Discharge Registry in North Jutland County, Denmark and the Danish Central Personal Registry, respectively. Data on redeemed prescriptions for CS within the last 5 years before the index date were retrieved from a population-based prescription database, and recalculated to @entity2 equivalents. Cases and controls were categorized according to cumulative CS dose: (i) no use; (ii) <130 mg (e.g. equivalent to 30 mg of @entity2 for 4 days given for an acute exacerbation of @entity1 ); (iii) 130-499 mg (e.g. equivalent to a short course of @entity2 of 450 mg for acute @entity1 ); (iv) 500-1499 mg (e.g. equivalent to 7.5 mg @entity2 daily for 6 months or 800 microg day(-1) of inhaled budesonide for 1 year); and (v) > or =1500 mg (e.g. equivalent to >4.1 mg day(-1) for 1 year, a long-term high dose). Data were analysed using conditional logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders including gender, redeemed prescriptions for hormone replacement therapy, antiosteoporotic, anxiolytic, antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs. RESULTS: Compared with never users, an increased risk of @entity0 was found for CS users, with increasing cumulative doses of any type of CS use during the preceding 5 years [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.89-1.04] for <130 mg @entity2 ; OR=1.17 (CI=1.01-1.35) for 130-499 mg; OR=1.36 (CI=1.19-1.56) for 500-1499 mg; and OR=1.65 (CI=1.43-1.92) for > or =1500 mg. An increased risk was also found when the study population was stratified according to gender, age and type of CS (systemic or topical). CONCLUSIONS: Even a limited daily dose of CS (more than an average dose of approximately 71 microg @entity2 per day) was associated with an increased risk of @entity0 .

title: Corticosteroid use and risk of XXXX : a population-based case-control study in Denmark.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity2 ) has been used in many fields as a coating of surgical instruments, with the purpose of creating materials more resistant to wear and corrosion and also reducing adhesion. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of @entity2 -coated dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five @entity0 were used in this study. One hundred eighty 2 mm x 2 mm implants (P.H.I. San Vittore Olona, Milano, Italy) were used. The implants were divided into the following three groups: Group 1 (n = 60): 30 machined and 30 machined coated with Group 2 (n = 60): 30 sandblasted and 30 sandblasted coated with Group 3 (n = 60): 30 @entity1 plasma sprayed, 30 @entity1 plasma sprayed and coated with @entity2 Four implants were placed in each @entity0 , two implants coated with @entity2 on the right tibia and two uncoated implants on the left. The animals were killed after 5, 10, 20, 30, or 60 days. Another 18 implants were used for surface roughness analysis. RESULTS: The present study showed that the healing around the @entity2 -coated implants was similar to that observed around the uncoated surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 coating demonstrated a good biocompatibility, did not have untoward effects on the periimplant bone formation, and did not change the surface roughness values.

title: Bone healing around XXXX and @entity3 -coated dental implants with three surfaces: an experimental study in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity2 ) has been used in many fields as a coating of surgical instruments, with the purpose of creating materials more resistant to wear and corrosion and also reducing adhesion. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of @entity2 -coated dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five @entity0 were used in this study. One hundred eighty 2 mm x 2 mm implants (P.H.I. San Vittore Olona, Milano, Italy) were used. The implants were divided into the following three groups: Group 1 (n = 60): 30 machined and 30 machined coated with Group 2 (n = 60): 30 sandblasted and 30 sandblasted coated with Group 3 (n = 60): 30 @entity1 plasma sprayed, 30 @entity1 plasma sprayed and coated with @entity2 Four implants were placed in each @entity0 , two implants coated with @entity2 on the right tibia and two uncoated implants on the left. The animals were killed after 5, 10, 20, 30, or 60 days. Another 18 implants were used for surface roughness analysis. RESULTS: The present study showed that the healing around the @entity2 -coated implants was similar to that observed around the uncoated surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 coating demonstrated a good biocompatibility, did not have untoward effects on the periimplant bone formation, and did not change the surface roughness values.

title: Bone healing around @entity1 and XXXX -coated dental implants with three surfaces: an experimental study in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity2 ) has been used in many fields as a coating of surgical instruments, with the purpose of creating materials more resistant to wear and corrosion and also reducing adhesion. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of @entity2 -coated dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five @entity0 were used in this study. One hundred eighty 2 mm x 2 mm implants (P.H.I. San Vittore Olona, Milano, Italy) were used. The implants were divided into the following three groups: Group 1 (n = 60): 30 machined and 30 machined coated with Group 2 (n = 60): 30 sandblasted and 30 sandblasted coated with Group 3 (n = 60): 30 @entity1 plasma sprayed, 30 @entity1 plasma sprayed and coated with @entity2 Four implants were placed in each @entity0 , two implants coated with @entity2 on the right tibia and two uncoated implants on the left. The animals were killed after 5, 10, 20, 30, or 60 days. Another 18 implants were used for surface roughness analysis. RESULTS: The present study showed that the healing around the @entity2 -coated implants was similar to that observed around the uncoated surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 coating demonstrated a good biocompatibility, did not have untoward effects on the periimplant bone formation, and did not change the surface roughness values.

title: Bone healing around @entity1 and @entity3 -coated dental implants with three surfaces: an experimental study in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Although @entity3 has been reported in a large proportion of @entity0 undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, its clinical significance and pathogenetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. The study was designed to investigate whether avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass would limit amylase elevation. Serum levels of amylase and lipase were measured preoperatively as well as 24 and 48 hours postoperatively in 58 @entity0 undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Three surgical approaches were used: cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 32) and off-pump through a median sternotomy (n = 14) or a left minithoracotomy (n = 12). There was no hospital mortality or postoperative abdominal complications. Transient @entity3 occurred in 14 @entity0 : 7 (22%), 5 (36%), and 2 (17%) in the respective groups. The increase in amylase levels was similar among the groups. However, no lipase elevation was detected in any @entity0 . There was no clear correlation between @entity3 and increased @entity2 levels. Perioperative plasma @entity1 levels were normal in @entity0 who had @entity3 . Our results indicate that @entity3 after bypass surgery is not related to the use of cardiopulmonary bypass or the mode of surgical access.

title: Is XXXX after cardiac surgery due to cardiopulmonary bypass?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy for @entity1 has yet to be established, mainly because previous reports have not included a sufficient number of cases. METHODS: Seventy-five treatment-naive @entity0 with @entity3 without contiguous spread underwent esophageal mobilization and extensive mediastinal lymphadenectomy through a 5-cm mini-thoracotomy and four trocar ports. RESULTS: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed without major @entity4 or emergency conversion to open surgery. We retrieved 34.1+/-13.0 mediastinal nodes, including 11.5+/-3.8 tracheobronchial nodes and 6.2+/-3.0 recurrent laryngeal nodes. Mean time of operation and @entity2 were less in the last 39 @entity0 than the first 36 (186.7+/-25.3 min and 165.4+/-101.8 g vs 270. 2+/-96.0 min and 421.5+/-31.2 g, respectively: p <0.0001 and p <0.001). Pulmonary morbidity was 5% in the later 39 @entity0 . Survival was 90%, 80%, and 57% at 1, 2, and 5 years after surgery. CONCLUSION: Thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy has less morbidity and comparable survival to conventional surgery, after a moderate amount of experience. Mini-thoracotomy is essential to perform the procedure safely and effectively.

title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy and radical lymph node dissection for XXXX . A series of 75 cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: To evaluate the impact of @entity5 on subjective and psychosexual well-being in @entity0 @entity1 in relation to type of prior chemotherapy and menopausal status. Longitudinal interview study in @entity0 @entity1 during and after adjuvant @entity5 use. Menopausal status was defined by last menstrual period and serum @entity3 and FSH levels. Gynaecology outpatient clinic, Tertiary Referral Hospital, January 1995 to September 1999. @entity0 @entity1 <56 years of age, participating in a randomised trial comparing adjuvant high-dose (n=45) and standard-dose (n=53) chemotherapy, followed by radiotherapy and @entity5 . Relative incidence and correlation of subjective and @entity6 during and after @entity5 . During @entity5 the most frequent complaints were hot flushes (85%), disturbed sleep (55%), @entity7 (47%), @entity6 (44%) and musculo-skeletal symptoms (43%). Disturbed sleep correlated with hot flushes (P<0.0005) and concentration problems (P<0.05). Decreased sexual interest correlated with @entity4 (P<0.0005). In the high-dose group more @entity1 became postmenopausal (95% vs 33%) and more @entity1 reported symptoms than in the standard-dose group (P<0.05). After discontinuation of @entity5 , symptoms decreased significantly. However, hot flushes, disturbed @entity2 persisted more often in @entity1 who remained postmenopausal after high-dose chemotherapy (P<0.05). Overall, during @entity5 @entity1 reported many symptoms. More @entity1 become postmenopausal after high-dose chemotherapy, and they remain often symptomatic after @entity5 .

title: @entity5 effects on subjective and psychosexual well-being, in a randomised XXXX study comparing high-dose and standard-dose chemotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To evaluate the impact of @entity5 on subjective and psychosexual well-being in @entity0 @entity1 in relation to type of prior chemotherapy and menopausal status. Longitudinal interview study in @entity0 @entity1 during and after adjuvant @entity5 use. Menopausal status was defined by last menstrual period and serum @entity3 and FSH levels. Gynaecology outpatient clinic, Tertiary Referral Hospital, January 1995 to September 1999. @entity0 @entity1 <56 years of age, participating in a randomised trial comparing adjuvant high-dose (n=45) and standard-dose (n=53) chemotherapy, followed by radiotherapy and @entity5 . Relative incidence and correlation of subjective and @entity6 during and after @entity5 . During @entity5 the most frequent complaints were hot flushes (85%), disturbed sleep (55%), @entity7 (47%), @entity6 (44%) and musculo-skeletal symptoms (43%). Disturbed sleep correlated with hot flushes (P<0.0005) and concentration problems (P<0.05). Decreased sexual interest correlated with @entity4 (P<0.0005). In the high-dose group more @entity1 became postmenopausal (95% vs 33%) and more @entity1 reported symptoms than in the standard-dose group (P<0.05). After discontinuation of @entity5 , symptoms decreased significantly. However, hot flushes, disturbed @entity2 persisted more often in @entity1 who remained postmenopausal after high-dose chemotherapy (P<0.05). Overall, during @entity5 @entity1 reported many symptoms. More @entity1 become postmenopausal after high-dose chemotherapy, and they remain often symptomatic after @entity5 .

title: XXXX effects on subjective and psychosexual well-being, in a randomised @entity0 study comparing high-dose and standard-dose chemotherapy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Besides @entity3 , @entity16 induce other biological effects, especially in the immune system. @entity16 have demonstrated immunostimulatory effects against @entity2 , supporting the idea that these agents suppress @entity2 through several mechanisms and not solely through inhibiting cell division. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of @entity16 ( @entity11 and @entity10 ) and investigate their ability in alterating important immunological parameters in @entity0 @entity1 . Thirty @entity1 with @entity0 undergoing chemotherapy were randomly assigned into two groups treated with either single agent @entity11 or @entity10 . Sera from @entity1 before the first and after the last treatment cycle and from normal donors were assayed by ELISA for @entity9 , @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity14 , @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity13 levels. In these same blood samples, NK and @entity17 cell activity was tested in the total PBMC population against NK-sensitive K562 @entity2 targets, respectively, and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction was tested by @entity8 proliferation assays. All @entity1 in both groups responded to therapy. Significant differences were observed in the following immune parameters between the control group of healthy blood donors and the pretreatment values of both @entity15 groups; @entity9 , @entity14 , @entity6 levels and NK and @entity17 cell @entity3 were @entity4 , whereas @entity5 and @entity7 levels were raised in @entity0 @entity1 before treatment compared to controls. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups regarding any of the parameters studied. Both drugs led to increases in MLR values, NK and @entity17 cell @entity3 , and @entity7 , @entity14 , @entity6 levels, and decreases for @entity12 , TNF, and @entity13 levels. The percentage of these differences was greater for @entity10 in comparison to @entity11 (P<0.0001). More specifically, @entity10 demonstrated a more pronounced effect on enhancing MLR, NK, @entity17 activity and @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity14 levels, as well as caused more potent reduction in @entity12 and @entity5 levels when compared to @entity11 . The present study indicates that @entity1 responded to treatment of @entity0 with single-agent @entity11 or @entity10 leads to an increase in serum @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity14 cytokine levels and enhancement of PBMC NK and @entity17 cell activity, while they both lead to a decrease of acute phase serum cytokine levels of @entity12 and @entity5 . Moreover, the effects of @entity10 are in all the above parameters more pronounced than those of @entity11 .

title: Immune changes in @entity1 with XXXX undergoing chemotherapy with @entity16 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Besides @entity3 , @entity16 induce other biological effects, especially in the immune system. @entity16 have demonstrated immunostimulatory effects against @entity2 , supporting the idea that these agents suppress @entity2 through several mechanisms and not solely through inhibiting cell division. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of @entity16 ( @entity11 and @entity10 ) and investigate their ability in alterating important immunological parameters in @entity0 @entity1 . Thirty @entity1 with @entity0 undergoing chemotherapy were randomly assigned into two groups treated with either single agent @entity11 or @entity10 . Sera from @entity1 before the first and after the last treatment cycle and from normal donors were assayed by ELISA for @entity9 , @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity14 , @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity13 levels. In these same blood samples, NK and @entity17 cell activity was tested in the total PBMC population against NK-sensitive K562 @entity2 targets, respectively, and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction was tested by @entity8 proliferation assays. All @entity1 in both groups responded to therapy. Significant differences were observed in the following immune parameters between the control group of healthy blood donors and the pretreatment values of both @entity15 groups; @entity9 , @entity14 , @entity6 levels and NK and @entity17 cell @entity3 were @entity4 , whereas @entity5 and @entity7 levels were raised in @entity0 @entity1 before treatment compared to controls. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups regarding any of the parameters studied. Both drugs led to increases in MLR values, NK and @entity17 cell @entity3 , and @entity7 , @entity14 , @entity6 levels, and decreases for @entity12 , TNF, and @entity13 levels. The percentage of these differences was greater for @entity10 in comparison to @entity11 (P<0.0001). More specifically, @entity10 demonstrated a more pronounced effect on enhancing MLR, NK, @entity17 activity and @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity14 levels, as well as caused more potent reduction in @entity12 and @entity5 levels when compared to @entity11 . The present study indicates that @entity1 responded to treatment of @entity0 with single-agent @entity11 or @entity10 leads to an increase in serum @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity14 cytokine levels and enhancement of PBMC NK and @entity17 cell activity, while they both lead to a decrease of acute phase serum cytokine levels of @entity12 and @entity5 . Moreover, the effects of @entity10 are in all the above parameters more pronounced than those of @entity11 .

title: Immune changes in @entity1 with @entity0 undergoing chemotherapy with XXXX .

answer: @entity16


abstract: Besides @entity3 , @entity16 induce other biological effects, especially in the immune system. @entity16 have demonstrated immunostimulatory effects against @entity2 , supporting the idea that these agents suppress @entity2 through several mechanisms and not solely through inhibiting cell division. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of @entity16 ( @entity11 and @entity10 ) and investigate their ability in alterating important immunological parameters in @entity0 @entity1 . Thirty @entity1 with @entity0 undergoing chemotherapy were randomly assigned into two groups treated with either single agent @entity11 or @entity10 . Sera from @entity1 before the first and after the last treatment cycle and from normal donors were assayed by ELISA for @entity9 , @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity14 , @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity13 levels. In these same blood samples, NK and @entity17 cell activity was tested in the total PBMC population against NK-sensitive K562 @entity2 targets, respectively, and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction was tested by @entity8 proliferation assays. All @entity1 in both groups responded to therapy. Significant differences were observed in the following immune parameters between the control group of healthy blood donors and the pretreatment values of both @entity15 groups; @entity9 , @entity14 , @entity6 levels and NK and @entity17 cell @entity3 were @entity4 , whereas @entity5 and @entity7 levels were raised in @entity0 @entity1 before treatment compared to controls. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups regarding any of the parameters studied. Both drugs led to increases in MLR values, NK and @entity17 cell @entity3 , and @entity7 , @entity14 , @entity6 levels, and decreases for @entity12 , TNF, and @entity13 levels. The percentage of these differences was greater for @entity10 in comparison to @entity11 (P<0.0001). More specifically, @entity10 demonstrated a more pronounced effect on enhancing MLR, NK, @entity17 activity and @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity14 levels, as well as caused more potent reduction in @entity12 and @entity5 levels when compared to @entity11 . The present study indicates that @entity1 responded to treatment of @entity0 with single-agent @entity11 or @entity10 leads to an increase in serum @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity14 cytokine levels and enhancement of PBMC NK and @entity17 cell activity, while they both lead to a decrease of acute phase serum cytokine levels of @entity12 and @entity5 . Moreover, the effects of @entity10 are in all the above parameters more pronounced than those of @entity11 .

title: Immune changes in XXXX with @entity0 undergoing chemotherapy with @entity16 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is the most frequent cause of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), sometimes accompanied by @entity4 . However, other glomerular pathologies are important in these @entity0 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity10 ( @entity10 ) in selected @entity0 with @entity1 , and to identify clinical markers that may predict its presence in this population. We reviewed 20 renal biopsies performed on twenty @entity0 with @entity1 . Nine of them showed @entity10 ( @entity10 ) (45%), whereas eleven showed @entity10 (55%): 1 IgA @entity2 , 3 @entity8 and 7 @entity2 . We found no differences between the two groups with regard to sex, duration of @entity1 , insulin therapy, glycosylated haemoglobin, @entity5 , presence of @entity9 , @entity3 , serum IgA level or renal size. The @entity10 group had haematuria in 63.6%, whereas the @entity0 with @entity10 had it in 44.4% (NS). Body mass index was higher in @entity10 @entity0 (30 +/- 6.7 vs 22 +/- 2.9; p < 0.01), The same was true for @entity7 clearance (82.2 +/- 51.4 ml/m vs 40.4 +/- 19.6 ml/m; p < 0.05). The age at the moment of diagnosis was higher in @entity11 @entity0 (67 +/- 11.2 vs 54.3 +/- 4.6; p < 0.05). The 3 @entity0 who had @entity1 were found to have @entity10 on renal biopsy (diagnostic specificity = 100%), although 66.7% of the @entity0 with @entity10 had no @entity6 . We conclude that @entity0 with @entity1 with renal findings suggesting @entity10 frequently it have @entity10 , and a renal biopsy must be performed. The presence of @entity6 has a predictive value of 100% in predicting @entity10 , therefore its existence may make this diagnostic procedure unneccesary.

title: [Renal histological lesions in @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is the most frequent cause of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), sometimes accompanied by @entity4 . However, other glomerular pathologies are important in these @entity0 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity10 ( @entity10 ) in selected @entity0 with @entity1 , and to identify clinical markers that may predict its presence in this population. We reviewed 20 renal biopsies performed on twenty @entity0 with @entity1 . Nine of them showed @entity10 ( @entity10 ) (45%), whereas eleven showed @entity10 (55%): 1 IgA @entity2 , 3 @entity8 and 7 @entity2 . We found no differences between the two groups with regard to sex, duration of @entity1 , insulin therapy, glycosylated haemoglobin, @entity5 , presence of @entity9 , @entity3 , serum IgA level or renal size. The @entity10 group had haematuria in 63.6%, whereas the @entity0 with @entity10 had it in 44.4% (NS). Body mass index was higher in @entity10 @entity0 (30 +/- 6.7 vs 22 +/- 2.9; p < 0.01), The same was true for @entity7 clearance (82.2 +/- 51.4 ml/m vs 40.4 +/- 19.6 ml/m; p < 0.05). The age at the moment of diagnosis was higher in @entity11 @entity0 (67 +/- 11.2 vs 54.3 +/- 4.6; p < 0.05). The 3 @entity0 who had @entity1 were found to have @entity10 on renal biopsy (diagnostic specificity = 100%), although 66.7% of the @entity0 with @entity10 had no @entity6 . We conclude that @entity0 with @entity1 with renal findings suggesting @entity10 frequently it have @entity10 , and a renal biopsy must be performed. The presence of @entity6 has a predictive value of 100% in predicting @entity10 , therefore its existence may make this diagnostic procedure unneccesary.

title: [Renal histological lesions in XXXX with @entity1 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent data suggest that dietary protein restriction improves survival and delays the progression to @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in non- @entity1 @entity2 . The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of dietary protein restriction on survival and progression to @entity5 in @entity6 . METHODS: A four-year prospective, controlled trial with concealed randomization was performed comparing the effects of a low-protein diet (0.6 g/kg/day) with a usual-protein diet. The study included 82 type 1 @entity1 @entity0 with progressive @entity6 [pre-study mean decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 7.1 mL/min/year (95% CI, 5.8 to 8.5)]. The main outcome measures were decline in GFR and development of @entity5 or @entity4 . RESULTS: During the follow-up period the usual-protein diet group consumed 1.02 g/kg/day (95% CI; 0.95 to 1.10) as compared with 0.89 (0.83 to 0.95) in the low-protein diet group (P = 0.005). The mean declines in GFR were 3.9 mL/min/year (2.7 to 5.2) in the usual-protein diet group and 3.8 (2.8 to 4.8) in the low-protein diet group. @entity5 or @entity4 occurred in 27% of @entity0 on a usual-protein diet as compared with 10% on a low-protein diet (log-rank test; P = 0.042). The relative risk of @entity5 or @entity4 was 0.23 (0.07 to 0.72) for @entity0 assigned to a low-protein diet, after an adjustment at baseline for the presence of @entity3 (P = 0.01). Blood pressure and glycemic control were comparable in the two diet groups during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Moderate dietary protein restriction improves prognosis in type 1 @entity1 @entity0 with progressive @entity6 in addition to the beneficial effect of antihypertensive treatment.

title: Effect of dietary protein restriction on prognosis in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent data suggest that dietary protein restriction improves survival and delays the progression to @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in non- @entity1 @entity2 . The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of dietary protein restriction on survival and progression to @entity5 in @entity6 . METHODS: A four-year prospective, controlled trial with concealed randomization was performed comparing the effects of a low-protein diet (0.6 g/kg/day) with a usual-protein diet. The study included 82 type 1 @entity1 @entity0 with progressive @entity6 [pre-study mean decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 7.1 mL/min/year (95% CI, 5.8 to 8.5)]. The main outcome measures were decline in GFR and development of @entity5 or @entity4 . RESULTS: During the follow-up period the usual-protein diet group consumed 1.02 g/kg/day (95% CI; 0.95 to 1.10) as compared with 0.89 (0.83 to 0.95) in the low-protein diet group (P = 0.005). The mean declines in GFR were 3.9 mL/min/year (2.7 to 5.2) in the usual-protein diet group and 3.8 (2.8 to 4.8) in the low-protein diet group. @entity5 or @entity4 occurred in 27% of @entity0 on a usual-protein diet as compared with 10% on a low-protein diet (log-rank test; P = 0.042). The relative risk of @entity5 or @entity4 was 0.23 (0.07 to 0.72) for @entity0 assigned to a low-protein diet, after an adjustment at baseline for the presence of @entity3 (P = 0.01). Blood pressure and glycemic control were comparable in the two diet groups during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Moderate dietary protein restriction improves prognosis in type 1 @entity1 @entity0 with progressive @entity6 in addition to the beneficial effect of antihypertensive treatment.

title: Effect of dietary protein restriction on prognosis in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 occurs in approximately 1 in 1000 live births. In developed countries about 60% of @entity2 is genetic. However, in Brazil most cases of @entity2 are due to environmental factors, such as @entity1 (mainly @entity7 ), perinatal @entity3 , @entity4 . Recently, it has been demonstrated that the @entity8 gene is a major gene underlying congenital @entity5 . Mutations in this gene cause 10-20% of all genetic @entity2 . One specific mutation, @entity9 , accounts for the majority of mutant alleles. The extent of the @entity2 varies from mild/moderate to profound, even within the @entity0 homozygous for the common @entity9 mutation. There may also be progression with age. Mutation analysis in the @entity8 gene was performed on 36 families (group A) presenting with at least one individual with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). An unselected series of 26 deaf individuals referred by other services where the environmental factors were not completely excluded was also part of the study (group B). Mutations in the @entity8 gene were found in 22% (eight @entity0 ) of the families tested in group A, and 11.5% (three @entity0 ) of individuals within group B. This finding should facilitate diagnosis of @entity6 and allow early treatment of the affected subjects.

title: @entity6 resulting from mutations in the XXXX ( @entity8 ) gene in Brazilian @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity6 occurs in approximately 1 in 1000 live births. In developed countries about 60% of @entity2 is genetic. However, in Brazil most cases of @entity2 are due to environmental factors, such as @entity1 (mainly @entity7 ), perinatal @entity3 , @entity4 . Recently, it has been demonstrated that the @entity8 gene is a major gene underlying congenital @entity5 . Mutations in this gene cause 10-20% of all genetic @entity2 . One specific mutation, @entity9 , accounts for the majority of mutant alleles. The extent of the @entity2 varies from mild/moderate to profound, even within the @entity0 homozygous for the common @entity9 mutation. There may also be progression with age. Mutation analysis in the @entity8 gene was performed on 36 families (group A) presenting with at least one individual with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). An unselected series of 26 deaf individuals referred by other services where the environmental factors were not completely excluded was also part of the study (group B). Mutations in the @entity8 gene were found in 22% (eight @entity0 ) of the families tested in group A, and 11.5% (three @entity0 ) of individuals within group B. This finding should facilitate diagnosis of @entity6 and allow early treatment of the affected subjects.

title: @entity6 resulting from mutations in the @entity8 ( XXXX ) gene in Brazilian @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity6 occurs in approximately 1 in 1000 live births. In developed countries about 60% of @entity2 is genetic. However, in Brazil most cases of @entity2 are due to environmental factors, such as @entity1 (mainly @entity7 ), perinatal @entity3 , @entity4 . Recently, it has been demonstrated that the @entity8 gene is a major gene underlying congenital @entity5 . Mutations in this gene cause 10-20% of all genetic @entity2 . One specific mutation, @entity9 , accounts for the majority of mutant alleles. The extent of the @entity2 varies from mild/moderate to profound, even within the @entity0 homozygous for the common @entity9 mutation. There may also be progression with age. Mutation analysis in the @entity8 gene was performed on 36 families (group A) presenting with at least one individual with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). An unselected series of 26 deaf individuals referred by other services where the environmental factors were not completely excluded was also part of the study (group B). Mutations in the @entity8 gene were found in 22% (eight @entity0 ) of the families tested in group A, and 11.5% (three @entity0 ) of individuals within group B. This finding should facilitate diagnosis of @entity6 and allow early treatment of the affected subjects.

title: XXXX resulting from mutations in the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) gene in Brazilian @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 occurs in approximately 1 in 1000 live births. In developed countries about 60% of @entity2 is genetic. However, in Brazil most cases of @entity2 are due to environmental factors, such as @entity1 (mainly @entity7 ), perinatal @entity3 , @entity4 . Recently, it has been demonstrated that the @entity8 gene is a major gene underlying congenital @entity5 . Mutations in this gene cause 10-20% of all genetic @entity2 . One specific mutation, @entity9 , accounts for the majority of mutant alleles. The extent of the @entity2 varies from mild/moderate to profound, even within the @entity0 homozygous for the common @entity9 mutation. There may also be progression with age. Mutation analysis in the @entity8 gene was performed on 36 families (group A) presenting with at least one individual with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). An unselected series of 26 deaf individuals referred by other services where the environmental factors were not completely excluded was also part of the study (group B). Mutations in the @entity8 gene were found in 22% (eight @entity0 ) of the families tested in group A, and 11.5% (three @entity0 ) of individuals within group B. This finding should facilitate diagnosis of @entity6 and allow early treatment of the affected subjects.

title: @entity6 resulting from mutations in the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) gene in Brazilian XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Expression of the alkane degradation pathway encoded by the OCT plasmid of @entity3 GPo1 is regulated by two control systems. One relies on the transcriptional regulator AlkS, which activates expression of the pathway in the presence of @entity5 . The other, which is a dominant global regulation control, represses the expression of the pathway genes when a preferred @entity0 source is present in the growth medium in addition to @entity5 . This catabolite repression control occurs through a poorly characterized mechanism that ultimately regulates transcription from the two AlkS-activated promoters of the pathway. To identify the factors involved, a screening method was developed to isolate mutants without this control. Several isolates were obtained, all of which contained mutations that mapped to genes encoding cytochrome o @entity4 oxidase, the main terminal oxidase of the electron transport chain under highly aerobic conditions. Elimination of this terminal oxidase led to a decrease in the catabolic repression observed both in rich Luria-Bertani medium and in a defined medium containing @entity1 or @entity2 as the @entity0 source. This suggests that catabolic repression could monitor the physiological or metabolic status by using information from the electron transport chain or from the redox state of the cell. Since inactivation of the crc gene also reduces catabolic repression in rich medium (although not that observed in a defined medium), a strain was generated lacking both the Crc function and the cytochrome o terminal oxidase. The two mutations had an additive effect in relieving catabolic repression in rich medium. This suggests that crc and cyo belong to different regulation pathways, both contributing to catabolic repression.

title: Inactivation of cytochrome o @entity4 oxidase relieves catabolic repression of the XXXX GPo1 alkane degradation pathway.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Expression of the alkane degradation pathway encoded by the OCT plasmid of @entity3 GPo1 is regulated by two control systems. One relies on the transcriptional regulator AlkS, which activates expression of the pathway in the presence of @entity5 . The other, which is a dominant global regulation control, represses the expression of the pathway genes when a preferred @entity0 source is present in the growth medium in addition to @entity5 . This catabolite repression control occurs through a poorly characterized mechanism that ultimately regulates transcription from the two AlkS-activated promoters of the pathway. To identify the factors involved, a screening method was developed to isolate mutants without this control. Several isolates were obtained, all of which contained mutations that mapped to genes encoding cytochrome o @entity4 oxidase, the main terminal oxidase of the electron transport chain under highly aerobic conditions. Elimination of this terminal oxidase led to a decrease in the catabolic repression observed both in rich Luria-Bertani medium and in a defined medium containing @entity1 or @entity2 as the @entity0 source. This suggests that catabolic repression could monitor the physiological or metabolic status by using information from the electron transport chain or from the redox state of the cell. Since inactivation of the crc gene also reduces catabolic repression in rich medium (although not that observed in a defined medium), a strain was generated lacking both the Crc function and the cytochrome o terminal oxidase. The two mutations had an additive effect in relieving catabolic repression in rich medium. This suggests that crc and cyo belong to different regulation pathways, both contributing to catabolic repression.

title: Inactivation of cytochrome o XXXX oxidase relieves catabolic repression of the @entity3 GPo1 alkane degradation pathway.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We investigated the effects of @entity4 , a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, on the regulation of the chondrocyte phenotype, and we identified signaling molecules involved in this regulation. @entity4 triggers three concomitant responses in @entity0 primary chondrocytes and chondrocytic MC615 cells. First, @entity4 stimulates expression or synthesis of type II collagen. Second, @entity4 induces expression of molecular markers characteristic of pre- and @entity2 chondrocytes, such as Indian hedgehog, parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor, type X collagen, and alkaline phosphatase. Third, @entity4 induces @entity3 expression, a specific trait of osteoblasts. Constitutively active forms of transforming growth factor-beta family type I receptors and Smad proteins were overexpressed to address their role in this process. @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity9 were able to reproduce the @entity2 maturation of chondrocytes induced by @entity4 . In addition, @entity7 mimicked further the osteoblastic differentiation of chondrocytes induced by @entity4 . In the presence of @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity10 , and @entity11 potentiated the @entity2 maturation of chondrocytes, but failed to induce @entity3 expression. @entity12 and @entity1 impaired chondrocytic expression and osteoblastic differentiation induced by @entity4 . Thus, our results indicate that Smad-mediated pathways are essential for the regulation of the different steps of chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation and suggest that additional Smad-independent pathways might be activated by @entity7 .

title: Functions of transforming growth factor-beta family type I receptors and Smad proteins in the XXXX maturation and osteoblastic differentiation of chondrocytes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The persistence of anti-leptospiral IgM and IgG antibodies and agglutinating antibodies was studied in serologically confirmed cases of severe @entity3 during the acute illness and over periods of several years after recovery. The antibody response in non- @entity3 @entity0 presenting to hospital with similar symptoms over the same period of time was used to estimate the background antibody level to @entity3 in the community. All @entity0 enrolled in the study had blood samples collected twice in the acute stage of illness, once during convalescence and then annually from the time of initial hospitalisation until the end of the study period. Six hundred and thirty-eight @entity0 presented to hospital with @entity1 , of whom 321 were diagnosed with @entity3 . @entity0 who had severe @entity3 commonly remained seropositive, with IgM, IgG and agglutinating antibodies detectable for several years after @entity2 . A significant proportion of cases had high titres of agglutinating antibody detectable by the microscopic agglutination test (> or = 800). There were marked differences in the magnitude and duration of persistence of agglutinating antibodies directed against different serogroups. More than 20% of cases with evidence of @entity2 with serogroup Autumnalis retained titres of >800, 4 years after the acute illness. In one case a titre of 800 was detected 11 years after @entity2 . Persistence of agglutinating antibody titres can create problems in interpretation of serological results and make it impossible to estimate the time of @entity2 , given a specific titre. This study demonstrates that in endemic areas where seroprevalence is high, use of a single elevated titre is not reliable to define a current @entity2 .

title: Persistence of anti-leptospiral IgM, IgG and agglutinating antibodies in @entity0 presenting with XXXX in Barbados 1979-1989.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The persistence of anti-leptospiral IgM and IgG antibodies and agglutinating antibodies was studied in serologically confirmed cases of severe @entity3 during the acute illness and over periods of several years after recovery. The antibody response in non- @entity3 @entity0 presenting to hospital with similar symptoms over the same period of time was used to estimate the background antibody level to @entity3 in the community. All @entity0 enrolled in the study had blood samples collected twice in the acute stage of illness, once during convalescence and then annually from the time of initial hospitalisation until the end of the study period. Six hundred and thirty-eight @entity0 presented to hospital with @entity1 , of whom 321 were diagnosed with @entity3 . @entity0 who had severe @entity3 commonly remained seropositive, with IgM, IgG and agglutinating antibodies detectable for several years after @entity2 . A significant proportion of cases had high titres of agglutinating antibody detectable by the microscopic agglutination test (> or = 800). There were marked differences in the magnitude and duration of persistence of agglutinating antibodies directed against different serogroups. More than 20% of cases with evidence of @entity2 with serogroup Autumnalis retained titres of >800, 4 years after the acute illness. In one case a titre of 800 was detected 11 years after @entity2 . Persistence of agglutinating antibody titres can create problems in interpretation of serological results and make it impossible to estimate the time of @entity2 , given a specific titre. This study demonstrates that in endemic areas where seroprevalence is high, use of a single elevated titre is not reliable to define a current @entity2 .

title: Persistence of anti-leptospiral IgM, IgG and agglutinating antibodies in XXXX presenting with @entity1 in Barbados 1979-1989.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Health-related quality of life (HRQL) instruments have been used to measure HRQL in @entity2 @entity0 , but how different instruments compare in the same groups of @entity0 is not known. The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability and validity of three HRQL measures in 211 @entity2 @entity0 recruited from clinics affiliated with an urban hospital. Two disease-specific instruments, the chronic @entity2 questionnaire (CHQ) and the living with @entity2 questionnaire (LHFQ), and one generic instrument, the short-form 12 (SF-12), were administered. @entity0 reported moderate to low HRQL scores. Floor or ceiling effects were noted in the disease-specific instruments. Internal consistency reliabilities of the CHQ and LHFQ were satisfactory. Construct, convergent, and discriminant validity were supported for each instrument. Each scale and subscale, except for the SF-12 mental component scale, differentiated between @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) class I, II, and III plus IV; the LHFQ physical subscale was the only measure to differentiate between @entity0 with @entity1 class III and IV. All three instruments were satisfactory for measuring HRQL, but the disease-specific instruments were preferable to the generic instrument. The decision of which instrument to use depends on the purpose of the study.

title: Discriminant properties of commonly used quality of life measures in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A population-based case-control design was employed to quantify the risk of injury after consumption of @entity1 as a function of setting, concurrent activity and usual drinking habits. METHOD: A total of 797 cases (66.6% @entity0 ) and 797 controls (57.7% @entity0 ) were interviewed. The response rate was 83% for eligible cases approached for an interview. Cases were injured @entity0 from a hospital emergency department. Community controls used were each paired with a case on suburb of residence, and interviewed regarding their activities in the 6-hour period preceding their paired case's injury. RESULTS: Self-reported @entity1 consumption was consistent with both medical records and breath-analyzer tests. Drinking any @entity1 and using prescribed medication in the prior 6 hours were both associated with significantly increased risk of injury when controlling for demographic and setting variables. Use of illicit drugs (mainly cannabis) was associated with reduced risk of injury. Setting (e.g., recreational, work) and activity (e.g., sport, travel, work) variables were also independently associated with risk of injury. The risk of injury for @entity0 was significantly elevated for any consumption of @entity1 ; for @entity0 it was elevated only when consumption exceeded 90 grams. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm earlier findings that risk of injury for @entity0 for a given level of consumption is greater than for @entity0 . They extend earlier findings by identifying significant setting, activity and drug use variables predictive of injury. In addition, when these latter variables are controlled, it is found that for @entity0 , but not for @entity0 , the risk of injury is significantly elevated even at low levels of @entity1 intake.

title: XXXX consumption, setting, gender and activity as predictors of injury: a population-based case-control study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 is a common complication in @entity0 with @entity5 , with incidence rates ranging up to 63%. In @entity6 , @entity2 is an essential feature of the disease. The decrease in hemoglobin may lead to several symptoms such as fatigue, exhaustion, and impaired quality of life, and it may worsen prognosis. Before the introduction of recombinant @entity0 @entity4 (rHuEPO, @entity4 alfa), red blood cell transfusions were the traditional treatment for improvement of Hb levels. Transfusions, however, are associated with several adverse events and risks, have only transient effects, and have a limited capacity to ameliorate the symptoms of @entity2 . @entity4 alfa represents a physiologic treatment option, especially in the long-term treatment of @entity1 treatment-associated @entity2 , and is well tolerated, with response rates as high as 80%. @entity4 alfa is less effective in the treatment of the @entity2 of @entity6 , but appears to be synergistic with @entity3 . However, not every @entity0 responds to @entity4 alfa; to avoid unnecessary interventions and costs, predictors of response have been proposed. This article outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the two major treatment forms of @entity2 : transfusions and @entity4 alfa. Representative studies on the efficacy of @entity4 alfa in anemic @entity0 with @entity5 as well as models to predict response to @entity4 alfa treatment are summarized.

title: @entity2 of XXXX : what are the treatment options?

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 is a common complication in @entity0 with @entity5 , with incidence rates ranging up to 63%. In @entity6 , @entity2 is an essential feature of the disease. The decrease in hemoglobin may lead to several symptoms such as fatigue, exhaustion, and impaired quality of life, and it may worsen prognosis. Before the introduction of recombinant @entity0 @entity4 (rHuEPO, @entity4 alfa), red blood cell transfusions were the traditional treatment for improvement of Hb levels. Transfusions, however, are associated with several adverse events and risks, have only transient effects, and have a limited capacity to ameliorate the symptoms of @entity2 . @entity4 alfa represents a physiologic treatment option, especially in the long-term treatment of @entity1 treatment-associated @entity2 , and is well tolerated, with response rates as high as 80%. @entity4 alfa is less effective in the treatment of the @entity2 of @entity6 , but appears to be synergistic with @entity3 . However, not every @entity0 responds to @entity4 alfa; to avoid unnecessary interventions and costs, predictors of response have been proposed. This article outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the two major treatment forms of @entity2 : transfusions and @entity4 alfa. Representative studies on the efficacy of @entity4 alfa in anemic @entity0 with @entity5 as well as models to predict response to @entity4 alfa treatment are summarized.

title: XXXX of @entity5 : what are the treatment options?

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: DNA methylation is an important biologic event in @entity2 and in some cases is associated with the development of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In this study, we sought to determine the prognostic significance of DNA methylation, both in univariate analysis and in concert with other clinicopathologic factors known to influence outcome. @entity0 AND METHODS: Fresh tissue (625 @entity1 ) was obtained from 605 individuals (age range, 29 to 99 years) undergoing curative surgery for @entity2 at one institution during a period of 8 years. Clinicopathologic details were recorded for all @entity1 , including stage, grade, type, vascular space invasion, and clinical follow-up to 5 years. Microsatellite status was assessed using standard markers. Methylation of @entity4 and @entity5 promoters was determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas methylation at methylated-in- @entity1 loci ( @entity7 , @entity8 , MINT12, and MINT31 loci were assessed by @entity6 -PCR. RESULTS: @entity0 with microsatellite unstable @entity1 (12%) had better disease-specific survival than those with microsatellite stable (MSS) @entity1 (univariate analysis: hazard ratio [HR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.0). Overall survival of individuals with @entity1 was influenced by three independently significant factors: @entity1 stage (HR, 7.3; 95% CI, 5.1 to 10.4), heavy @entity1 methylation (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.0), and vascular space invasion (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.9). In @entity1 , methylation at any single site was not independently predictive of survival. Neither methylation nor microsatellite status predicted a favorable response to chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: DNA methylation is associated with a worse outcome in @entity2 , but this adverse prognostic influence is lost in those @entity1 showing @entity3 . The mechanisms of these events warrant additional investigation.

title: Adverse prognostic effect of methylation in @entity2 is reversed by XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: DNA methylation is an important biologic event in @entity2 and in some cases is associated with the development of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In this study, we sought to determine the prognostic significance of DNA methylation, both in univariate analysis and in concert with other clinicopathologic factors known to influence outcome. @entity0 AND METHODS: Fresh tissue (625 @entity1 ) was obtained from 605 individuals (age range, 29 to 99 years) undergoing curative surgery for @entity2 at one institution during a period of 8 years. Clinicopathologic details were recorded for all @entity1 , including stage, grade, type, vascular space invasion, and clinical follow-up to 5 years. Microsatellite status was assessed using standard markers. Methylation of @entity4 and @entity5 promoters was determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas methylation at methylated-in- @entity1 loci ( @entity7 , @entity8 , MINT12, and MINT31 loci were assessed by @entity6 -PCR. RESULTS: @entity0 with microsatellite unstable @entity1 (12%) had better disease-specific survival than those with microsatellite stable (MSS) @entity1 (univariate analysis: hazard ratio [HR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.0). Overall survival of individuals with @entity1 was influenced by three independently significant factors: @entity1 stage (HR, 7.3; 95% CI, 5.1 to 10.4), heavy @entity1 methylation (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.0), and vascular space invasion (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.9). In @entity1 , methylation at any single site was not independently predictive of survival. Neither methylation nor microsatellite status predicted a favorable response to chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: DNA methylation is associated with a worse outcome in @entity2 , but this adverse prognostic influence is lost in those @entity1 showing @entity3 . The mechanisms of these events warrant additional investigation.

title: Adverse prognostic effect of methylation in XXXX is reversed by @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the levels of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) and @entity6 in the expired breath condensate (EBC) of @entity0 with @entity4 , and to assess the relationship between the above markers of oxidative stress and parameters expressing inflammatory process and disease severity. SETTING: Inpatient respiratory unit and outpatient clinic in tertiary care hospital. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. @entity0 : Thirty stable @entity4 @entity0 (all smokers) with disease severity ranging from mild to severe. Ten subjects who were smokers with stage 0 disease (ie, at risk for @entity4 ; mean [+/- SD] FEV(1), 88 +/- 5% predicted) were studied as a control group. METHODS: @entity3 and @entity6 levels were measured in EBC, and the values were correlated with variables expressing @entity4 severity (ie, FEV(1) percent predicted, @entity5 severity score (ie, Medical Research Council scale) and airway @entity1 (ie, differential cell counts from induced sputum). RESULTS: The mean concentration of @entity3 was significantly elevated in @entity4 @entity0 compared to control subjects (mean, 0.66 micromol/L [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54 to 0.68 micro mol/L) vs 0.31 micro mol/L [95% CI, 0.26 to 0.35 micromol/L], respectively; p < 0.0001). The difference was primarily due to the elevation of @entity3 in @entity0 with severe and moderate @entity4 , whose expired breath @entity3 levels were significantly higher than those of @entity0 with mild disease (mean, 0.96 micromol/L [95% CI, 0.79 to 1.13 micromol/L], 0.68 micromol/L [95% CI, 0.55 to 0.81 micromol/L], and 0.33 micromol/L [95% CI, 0.24 to 0.43 micromol/L], respectively, p < 0.0001). The mean concentration of @entity6 was significantly elevated in @entity0 with @entity4 compared to that of the control group (47 pg/mL [95% CI, 41 to 53 pg/mL] vs 29 pg/mL [95% CI, 25 to 33 pg/mL], respectively; p < 0.0001) but did not differ significantly among the different stages of the disease (p = 0.43). Repeatability and stability data within measurements showed that @entity3 has a better repeatability and stability than @entity6 . Furthermore, we observed significant correlations of @entity3 with FEV(1), neutrophil count, and @entity5 score. Those correlations existed only in @entity0 with moderate and severe disease. No correlations were found between levels of @entity6 and the above parameters. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that levels of @entity3 and @entity6 are elevated in the EBC of @entity0 with @entity4 , but that @entity3 seems to be a more repeatable and a more sensitive index of the inflammatory process and the severity of the disease.

title: Oxidative stress in expired breath condensate of @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the levels of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) and @entity6 in the expired breath condensate (EBC) of @entity0 with @entity4 , and to assess the relationship between the above markers of oxidative stress and parameters expressing inflammatory process and disease severity. SETTING: Inpatient respiratory unit and outpatient clinic in tertiary care hospital. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. @entity0 : Thirty stable @entity4 @entity0 (all smokers) with disease severity ranging from mild to severe. Ten subjects who were smokers with stage 0 disease (ie, at risk for @entity4 ; mean [+/- SD] FEV(1), 88 +/- 5% predicted) were studied as a control group. METHODS: @entity3 and @entity6 levels were measured in EBC, and the values were correlated with variables expressing @entity4 severity (ie, FEV(1) percent predicted, @entity5 severity score (ie, Medical Research Council scale) and airway @entity1 (ie, differential cell counts from induced sputum). RESULTS: The mean concentration of @entity3 was significantly elevated in @entity4 @entity0 compared to control subjects (mean, 0.66 micromol/L [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54 to 0.68 micro mol/L) vs 0.31 micro mol/L [95% CI, 0.26 to 0.35 micromol/L], respectively; p < 0.0001). The difference was primarily due to the elevation of @entity3 in @entity0 with severe and moderate @entity4 , whose expired breath @entity3 levels were significantly higher than those of @entity0 with mild disease (mean, 0.96 micromol/L [95% CI, 0.79 to 1.13 micromol/L], 0.68 micromol/L [95% CI, 0.55 to 0.81 micromol/L], and 0.33 micromol/L [95% CI, 0.24 to 0.43 micromol/L], respectively, p < 0.0001). The mean concentration of @entity6 was significantly elevated in @entity0 with @entity4 compared to that of the control group (47 pg/mL [95% CI, 41 to 53 pg/mL] vs 29 pg/mL [95% CI, 25 to 33 pg/mL], respectively; p < 0.0001) but did not differ significantly among the different stages of the disease (p = 0.43). Repeatability and stability data within measurements showed that @entity3 has a better repeatability and stability than @entity6 . Furthermore, we observed significant correlations of @entity3 with FEV(1), neutrophil count, and @entity5 score. Those correlations existed only in @entity0 with moderate and severe disease. No correlations were found between levels of @entity6 and the above parameters. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that levels of @entity3 and @entity6 are elevated in the EBC of @entity0 with @entity4 , but that @entity3 seems to be a more repeatable and a more sensitive index of the inflammatory process and the severity of the disease.

title: Oxidative stress in expired breath condensate of XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: To obtain prevalence estimates for key symptoms and features that can indicate the presence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in a broad range of primary care settings. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Forty offices and clinics in the United States, Germany, and Spain. @entity0 : Consecutive @entity0 who were > 15 years of age, regardless of the reason for the visit. MEASUREMENTS: We collected demographic information, prevalence of self-reported chronic snoring, @entity1 , @entity3 (body mass index [BMI] > 30), @entity4 , and calculation of @entity2 risk, and we also compared results between the United States and Europe. RESULTS: There was a 78% return rate for 8,000 surveys (mean age, 51 years; age range, 15 to 98 years; 52% @entity0 ). One third of @entity0 (32%) had a high pretest probability for @entity2 , with a higher rate in the United States (35.8% of 3,915 @entity0 ) than in Europe (26.3% of 2,308 @entity0 ; p < 0.001; age-matched and sex-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 1.61). @entity1 (32.4% vs 11.8%, respectively; p < 0.001) followed by @entity3 and/or @entity4 (44.8% vs 37.1%, respectively; p < 0.01) contributed to the @entity2 risk difference between @entity0 in the United States and Europe, as frequent snoring and breathing pauses were similarly reported (44%). A high pretest probability for @entity2 was more often present in @entity0 than in @entity0 (37.9% vs 27.8%, respectively; p < 0.005; OR, 1.96; CI, 1.59 to 2.88) and in those that were @entity3 (ie, BMI, > or = 30 kg/m(2)), a condition that is generally more common in the US population than in the European population (27.9% vs 17.2%, respectively; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Primary care physicians in the United States and Europe will encounter a high demand for services to confirm or manage @entity5 , @entity1 , and @entity3 .

title: Prevalence of symptoms and risk of XXXX in primary care.

answer: @entity5


abstract: How @entity4 stimulate enteroendocrine cells to release @entity6 ( @entity7 ) is largely unknown. Recently, we proposed that the @entity0 enteroendocrine cell line, @entity9 , responds to insoluble @entity3 aggregates rather than @entity3 monomers in solution. This hypothesis led to two testable predictions. First, other insoluble particles of similar size but unrelated to @entity3 may be able to stimulate @entity9 cells in a similar fashion to @entity8 and second, @entity3 sensing in @entity9 cells should be fairly insensitive to chemical modifications of the @entity3 as long as these modifications do not greatly alter the ability of the molecule to form insoluble aggregates. We used several analogues of @entity8 and several varieties of latex microsphere (varying in size and surface charge) to see whether the predictions of our model hold. We found that while there was at least one latex microsphere that could induce @entity7 secretion and @entity1 mobilisation in @entity9 cells, there was a very poor correlation between the presence of insoluble aggregates and a cellular response. Instead the most important property, determining the potency of @entity3 analogues as stimulants of @entity7 secretion, was their amphipathicity. Removal of either the polar head or lipophilic tail completely abolished the ability of a given @entity3 analogue to stimulate @entity9 cells. These data suggested that while @entity4 can stimulate cells as aggregates, they may also be acting in monomeric form with the oil:water partitioning coefficient playing a crucial role. We finally resolved this issue with the observation that the @entity2 ion greatly altered the response of @entity9 cells to monomeric @entity8 . In the presence of @entity2 , @entity9 cells will only respond to @entity8 aggregates whereas when @entity2 is replaced with @entity5 the cells clearly respond to @entity8 monomers which are completely in solution. In summary, we propose that @entity8 can stimulate @entity9 cells via two separate pathways one involving @entity3 monomers in solution and one involving @entity3 aggregates. Which pathway dominates depends on the presence of @entity2 in the extracellular medium.

title: @entity1 mobilisation and @entity7 secretion induced by modified XXXX and latex microspheres reveal dual receptor mechanisms for lipid stimulation of @entity9 cells.

answer: @entity4