abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and management of intractable deep-seated @entity4 . METHODS: Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively in 195 @entity0 with intractable deep-seated @entity4 treated in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao College between June 2008 and June 2014. The analyses included common risk factors, @entity3 sites, treatments and therapeutic effects. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were 162 males and 33 females, aged from 15 to 88 years old (mean 52    16 years). One hundred and eighty-seven cases (95.9%) were unilateral and 8 cases (4.1%) were bilateral. One hundred and twenty-six cases (64.6%) had the history of @entity2 or blood pressure higher than normal on admission. Eight @entity0 were cured by nasal packing and appropriate drugs, and 187 @entity0 were treated by endoscopy and electrocoagulation. The numbers of treatment needed to stop @entity3 were 1 time in 184 cases (98.4%), 2 times in 3 cases (1.6%). Thirteen cases did not have certain @entity3 point, while the other 174 had certain one or more @entity3 sites. The rewarded @entity3 sites were 222, which were found in the following different sites: posterior inferior nasal meatus (33.3%, 74 /222), olfactory cleft of nasal septum (26.6%, 59/222), the root of the middle turbinate (14.0%, 31/222), and so on. @entity2 and @entity1 were risk factors (OR value was 3.411, 7.142, both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intractable deep-seated @entity4 are mainly found in males and are almost unilatera1. @entity2 and @entity1 are the common risk factor. The most effective and safe treatment for intractable deep-seated @entity4 is electrocoagulation under nasal endoscopy.

title: [Clinical analyses of XXXX with intractable @entity4 originated from deep-seated nasal cavity].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study is to determine if breast conservative treatment is justified for @entity1 with a positive family history of @entity0 and to investigate whether they have a worse prognosis. We performed a prospective cohort study of @entity0 @entity1 , treated with breast conservative treatment with radiotherapy at the Radiotherapy Department of the Medisch Spectrum Twente. Between 1984 and 1996, 1204 @entity1 with T1 and T2 < or =3 cm were treated. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was recorded according to first degree relative (FDR). Treatment consisted of lumpectomy with axillary dissection followed by radiotherapy to the whole breast with a boost to the primary area. Adjuvant systemic therapy was given to @entity1 with positive nodes. A positive @entity3 was noted in 243 (20.5%) @entity1 , of whom 208 (17.6%) had one FDR, and 35 (3.0%) > or =2 FDRs. The local recurrence rate was 4.1%, with similar rates for all groups. In young @entity1 , < or =40 years, a significant relation between local recurrence and @entity3 was found. The distant metastasis rate was 15.5%, with the lowest rate (5.7%) among @entity1 with > or =2 FDRs. @entity1 with a positive @entity3 had significantly more @entity2 . The 5-year corrected survival was 91.3%. Among @entity1 with a positive @entity3 , a 5-year corrected survival of 91% was observed and the survival 100% among @entity1 with one and > or =2 FDR. @entity3 is not a contraindication for breast conservative treatment and is not associated with a worse prognosis. @entity3 is not a prognostic factor for local recurrence rate in @entity1 older than 40 years.

title: @entity3 in XXXX is not a prognostic factor?

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study is to determine if breast conservative treatment is justified for @entity1 with a positive family history of @entity0 and to investigate whether they have a worse prognosis. We performed a prospective cohort study of @entity0 @entity1 , treated with breast conservative treatment with radiotherapy at the Radiotherapy Department of the Medisch Spectrum Twente. Between 1984 and 1996, 1204 @entity1 with T1 and T2 < or =3 cm were treated. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was recorded according to first degree relative (FDR). Treatment consisted of lumpectomy with axillary dissection followed by radiotherapy to the whole breast with a boost to the primary area. Adjuvant systemic therapy was given to @entity1 with positive nodes. A positive @entity3 was noted in 243 (20.5%) @entity1 , of whom 208 (17.6%) had one FDR, and 35 (3.0%) > or =2 FDRs. The local recurrence rate was 4.1%, with similar rates for all groups. In young @entity1 , < or =40 years, a significant relation between local recurrence and @entity3 was found. The distant metastasis rate was 15.5%, with the lowest rate (5.7%) among @entity1 with > or =2 FDRs. @entity1 with a positive @entity3 had significantly more @entity2 . The 5-year corrected survival was 91.3%. Among @entity1 with a positive @entity3 , a 5-year corrected survival of 91% was observed and the survival 100% among @entity1 with one and > or =2 FDR. @entity3 is not a contraindication for breast conservative treatment and is not associated with a worse prognosis. @entity3 is not a prognostic factor for local recurrence rate in @entity1 older than 40 years.

title: XXXX in @entity0 is not a prognostic factor?

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to analyze the efficacy of standardized house dust mite allergen vaccine to @entity5 by subcutaneous injection and investigate the possible mechanism of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: From January 2011 to December 2011 a prospective study was performed in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, involving 90 @entity0 with perennial @entity4 , of whom 60 @entity0 received Der p - @entity6 + pharmacotherapy after their approval and 30 received only pharmacotherapy. All @entity0 were @entity1 to house dust mites. Symptom and medication scores were recorded three times: before the treatment, at the middle of treatment and at the end of treatment. Over a period of 1 yr. prior to and at the end of treatment, @entity3 (+) CD25(+) @entity2 (+) Treg cells and Th17 cells were measured by flow cytometry. SPSS 21.0 software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The symptom scores using VAS and medication scores in @entity4 @entity0 treated with @entity6 and medication were reduced, the differences were significant (14.25    6.40, 1.00    0.84 vs. 32.18    7.78, 3.12    1.54, t value was 19.65, 10.71, both P < 0.05). The symptom of VAS score in medication group was reduced after treatment (30.30    5.97 vs. 20.30    5.79, t = 10.09, P < 0.05), but the medication score had not significant difference (P > 0.05). The frequency of Th17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were decreased in @entity0 treated with @entity6 , whereas the frequency of Treg cells were increased (  (2) value was 2.81, 2.80, both P < 0.05), but not in medication group. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity6 and pharmacotherapy can improve symptoms of @entity5 , but @entity6 can also reduce medication use. The effect of immunotherapy is better than drug treatment alone. The frequency of blood Th17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were decreased in @entity0 treated with @entity6 , whereas the frequency of Treg cells were increased.

title: [Research on the efficacy and mechanism of standardized house dust mite allergen vaccine to XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The founder stock of a captive breeding program is prone to changes in genetic structure due to inbreeding and genetic drift. Genetic characterization of the founder population using suitable molecular markers may help monitor periodic changes in the genetic structure in future. To develop benchmark information about the genetic structure we analyzed six microsatellite loci in the Brodbank collections of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) originated from three major rivers-the Jamuna, the @entity0 and the Halda. A total of 28 alleles were detected in 90 individuals with an average of 4.6 alleles per locus. The average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.655 to 0.705 and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.702 to 0.725. The mean F IS values were 0.103, 0.106 and 0.018 for the Jamuna, @entity0 and Halda fishes respectively. The population pair-wise F ST values ranged from 0.0057 to 0.0278. Structure analysis grouped the fishes of the three rivers into two clusters. The numbers of half-sib families were 5, 5 and 4 and the numbers of full-sib families were 12, 10 and 18 for the Halda, Jamuna and the @entity0 samples respectively. Bottleneck was detected in all the river samples. We recommend to collect more fish from different locations of the major rivers to broaden the genetic variability of the founder stocks of the Brood bank.

title: Population genetic characterization and family reconstruction in brood bank collections of the Indian major carp XXXX (Cyprinidae:Cypriniformes).

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study middle period curative effect of posterior lumbar intervertebral fusion (PLIF) and interspinous dynamic fixation (Wallis) in the treatment of @entity1 and its influence on adjacent segment degeneration. @entity0 AND METHODS: 66 @entity0 with lumbar L45 degenerative diseases were selected for study. The @entity0 were randomly divided into PLIF operation group and Wallis operation group with 33 cases in each group. The @entity0 were analyzed for T1   value, functional score and UCLA classification of L3/4 and L5/S1 segment in different periods of two groups of @entity0 . RESULTS: The level of T1   for L3/4 and L5/S1 segment in two groups between preoperative period and last follow-up showed a decreasing trend, while level of T1   value of L3/4 segment in PLIF operation group was significantly lower than Wallis group. Within group comparison, the level of T1   for L3/4 segment in PLIF operation group until the last follow-up was significantly lower than that before operation. While comparing two groups, ODI scores after operation for PLIF group and Wallis group was significantly lower than those before operation and JOA score was significantly higher than that before operation. The UCLA grade of L3/4 and L5/S1 segment of the two groups was significantly improved compared with that at the time of the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Both PLIF and Wallis methods are effective for the treatment of @entity1 . Wallis operation has slight advantage in slowing down the speed of @entity2 in the upper adjacent segment of the @entity0 .

title: Middle-period curative effect of posterior lumbar intervertebral fusion (PLIF) and interspinous dynamic fixation (Wallis) for treatment of XXXX and its influence on adjacent segment degeneration.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Alternaria brassicicola is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes black spot disease on cruciferous plants including economically important Brassica species. The purpose of this study was to identify fungal genes expressed during @entity0 of @entity1 . In order to identify candidate genes involved in pathogenicity, we employed suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) between RNA isolated from A. brassicicola spores incubated in water and on the leaf surface of the @entity1 ecotype Landsberg. Two populations of cDNA were created from total RNA extracted after 24h when approximately 80% of the spores had germinated either on the leaf surface or in water. Following SSH, expression of clones was examined using dot-blot macro-arrays and virtual Northern blots. 47 cDNA clones differentially expressed between Alternaria infected @entity1 leaves and spore germination in water were selected for sequencing. Seventy-seven percent (36) of the cDNAs had significant homology to fungal sequences from databases examined, including available fungal genomes, while 13% (11) had no homology to sequences in the databases. All 36 genes had significant matches with genes of fungal origin, while 11 genes did not have significant hits in the databases examined. Five sequences were expressed on the plant leaf surface but not during spore germination in water according to virtual Northern blots. These five cDNAs were predicted to encode a @entity3 hydratase, @entity2 ATPase, @entity4 dehydrogenase, major Alternaria allergen, and one unknown. RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of these five genes during @entity0 of Brassica oleraceae var. capitata (cabbage), in vitro growth in nutrient rich media, and @entity0 of @entity1 . Four of these genes are expressed in the nutrient rich medium, while the unknown gene P3F2 was only expressed during @entity0 . The results of this study provide the first insight into genes expressed during A. brassicicola @entity0 of Brassica species that may be involved in fungal pathogenesis.

title: Identification of Alternaria brassicicola genes expressed in planta during pathogenesis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Societal perceptions may factor into the high rates of nontreatment in @entity1 with @entity2 . To determine whether bias exists toward @entity2 , a study using the Implicit Association Test method of inferring subconscious attitudes and stereotypes from @entity1 reaction times to visual cues was initiated. @entity1 were primarily recruited from an online survey panel based on US census data. Explicit attitudes regarding lung and @entity0 were derived from @entity1 ' ratings (n = 1778) regarding what they thought @entity1 experienced in terms of guilt, shame, and hope (descriptive statements) and from @entity1 ' opinions regarding whether @entity1 ought to experience such feelings (normative statements). @entity1 ' responses to descriptive and normative statements about @entity2 were compared with responses to statements about @entity0 . Analyses of responses revealed that the @entity1 were more likely to agree with negative descriptive and normative statements about @entity2 than @entity0 (P<0.001). Furthermore, @entity1 had significantly stronger implicit negative associations with @entity2 compared with @entity0 ; mean response times in the @entity2 /negative conditions were significantly shorter than in the @entity2 /positive conditions (P<0.001). @entity1 , caregivers, healthcare providers, and members of the general public had comparable levels of negative implicit attitudes toward @entity2 . These results show that @entity2 was stigmatized by @entity1 , caregivers, healthcare professionals, and the general public. Further research is needed to investigate whether implicit and explicit attitudes and stereotypes affect @entity1 care.

title: Attitudes and Stereotypes in Lung Cancer versus XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity11 due to @entity15 is a rare but serious disease often leading to @entity5 and @entity6 . Two cases of listerial prosthetic @entity5 are reviewed along with 66 cases previously reported. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity0 with @entity11 increased from 47.1 years in the decades from 1955-1984 to 65.5 years from 1985-2000. @entity2 , solid @entity1 and immunosuppression associated with organ transplantation, @entity12 or @entity8 were found in 41.1% of cases. @entity11 was a vegetative and destructive process, with dehiscense of the prosthesis and occasionally, @entity7 formation, fistulization and @entity14 . Treatment with @entity3 or @entity10 alone or combined with @entity9 was adequate therapy in most cases. @entity13 together with @entity9 may be a reasonable alternative therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite problems associated with microbial persistence and relapses in other forms of human listeriosis, antimicrobial therapy alone may be a successful treatment for @entity11 , including cases occurring on prosthetic valves. Valve replacement may be reserved for complicated cases with valve dehiscense, @entity6 or @entity4 . Overall mortality was 35.3%, although most @entity0 who died did so before 1985 and since then mortality has been significantly reduced to 12%.

title: XXXX due to @entity15 . Report of two cases and reviews.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity11 due to @entity15 is a rare but serious disease often leading to @entity5 and @entity6 . Two cases of listerial prosthetic @entity5 are reviewed along with 66 cases previously reported. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity0 with @entity11 increased from 47.1 years in the decades from 1955-1984 to 65.5 years from 1985-2000. @entity2 , solid @entity1 and immunosuppression associated with organ transplantation, @entity12 or @entity8 were found in 41.1% of cases. @entity11 was a vegetative and destructive process, with dehiscense of the prosthesis and occasionally, @entity7 formation, fistulization and @entity14 . Treatment with @entity3 or @entity10 alone or combined with @entity9 was adequate therapy in most cases. @entity13 together with @entity9 may be a reasonable alternative therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite problems associated with microbial persistence and relapses in other forms of human listeriosis, antimicrobial therapy alone may be a successful treatment for @entity11 , including cases occurring on prosthetic valves. Valve replacement may be reserved for complicated cases with valve dehiscense, @entity6 or @entity4 . Overall mortality was 35.3%, although most @entity0 who died did so before 1985 and since then mortality has been significantly reduced to 12%.

title: @entity5 due to XXXX . Report of two cases and reviews.

answer: @entity15


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 of the cervical esophagus is a rare and @entity1 . We present a case of constricting granular cell @entity1 of the cervical esophagus and discuss esophageal reconstruction. CASE REPORT: Constricting granular cell @entity1 of the cervical esophagus was diagnosed in a @entity0 who experienced aphagia for two years. Endoscopy demonstrated complete stricture of the cervical esophagus and computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of a @entity1 formation in the cervical esophagus. Total esophagectomy with preservation of the larynx was performed. DISCUSSION: Surgical treatment raises the problem of esophageal reconstruction (gastric pull up, free flap reconstruction). We used the gastric pull up technique and fashioned a @entity2 . There was no postoperative complication and functional outcome was excellent. CONCLUSION: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide essential data on the spread and location of granular cell @entity1 . Surgery provides excellent functional results.

title: [ XXXX of the cervical esophagus: a case report].

answer: @entity3


abstract: There has been enormous growth in world population over the last several decades. 90 million @entity0 are currently added to the world's population every year. That amounts to 250,000 @entity0 per day, or 10,000 per hour. However, the Earth is a finite body with finite resources. For the first time, the @entity0 population is beginning to push against some of the Earth's limits at the global level. The author cites the example of the stagnation in growth of the world fish catch. The world fish catch grew from 22 million tons in 1950 to 100,000 million tons by 1990. In 1950, the average @entity0 consumed 9 kg of seafood; by 1990, average per capita consumption had increased to 19 kg. Japan alone in 1994 consumed almost 10 million tons of seafood. Most marine biologists believe that oceanic fisheries cannot sustain a catch of more than 100 million tons of seafood per year. Indeed, 6 years have passed since we hit that limit and the catch has not increased. The per capita seafood catch has therefore declined by 7% and will continue to decline until world population size is stabilized. Already expensive, seafood will grow increasingly more costly as demand rises. Available water supplies and cropland are also declining. It has even been determined that there are limits to the amount of fertilizer crops can use. The author considers the rising consumerism in China as it becomes increasingly industrialized and urges Japan to continue to expand its financial support of international family planning programs, especially in the context of US budget cuts to family planning expenditures. For most countries in the world, the main threat to security will not be @entity1 , but food scarcity.

title: A fundamental shift. For most countries in the world, the principal threat to security will not be XXXX , but food scarcity.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effects of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in 125I brachytherapy dose enhancement on @entity2 are examined using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. Usually, Monte Carlo ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry is performed in a water phantom. However, here, the compositions of @entity0 eye have been considered instead of water. Both @entity0 eye and water phantoms have been simulated with MCNP5 code. These simulations were performed for a fully loaded 16 mm COMS eye plaque containing 13 125I seeds. The dose delivered to the @entity1 and normal tissues have been calculated in both phantoms with and without GNPs. Normally, the radiation therapy of @entity1 @entity0 is designed to deliver a required dose to the @entity1 while sparing the surrounding normal tissues. However, as the normal and cancerous cells absorbed dose in an almost identical fashion, the normal tissue absorbed radiation dose during the treatment time. The use of GNPs in combination with radiotherapy in the treatment of @entity1 decreases the absorbed dose by normal tissues. The results indicate that the dose to the @entity1 in an eyeball implanted with COMS plaque increases with increasing GNPs concentration inside the target. Therefore, the required irradiation time for the @entity1 in the eye is decreased by adding the GNPs prior to treatment. As a result, the dose to normal tissues decreases when the irradiation time is reduced. Furthermore, a comparison between the simulated data in an eye phantom made of water and eye phantom made of @entity0 eye composition, in the presence of GNPs, shows the significance of utilizing the composition of eye in ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry Also, defining the eye composition instead of water leads to more accurate calculations of GNPs radiation effects in ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry.

title: Gold nanoparticle-based brachytherapy enhancement in XXXX using a full Monte Carlo model of the @entity0 eye.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in 125I brachytherapy dose enhancement on @entity2 are examined using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. Usually, Monte Carlo ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry is performed in a water phantom. However, here, the compositions of @entity0 eye have been considered instead of water. Both @entity0 eye and water phantoms have been simulated with MCNP5 code. These simulations were performed for a fully loaded 16 mm COMS eye plaque containing 13 125I seeds. The dose delivered to the @entity1 and normal tissues have been calculated in both phantoms with and without GNPs. Normally, the radiation therapy of @entity1 @entity0 is designed to deliver a required dose to the @entity1 while sparing the surrounding normal tissues. However, as the normal and cancerous cells absorbed dose in an almost identical fashion, the normal tissue absorbed radiation dose during the treatment time. The use of GNPs in combination with radiotherapy in the treatment of @entity1 decreases the absorbed dose by normal tissues. The results indicate that the dose to the @entity1 in an eyeball implanted with COMS plaque increases with increasing GNPs concentration inside the target. Therefore, the required irradiation time for the @entity1 in the eye is decreased by adding the GNPs prior to treatment. As a result, the dose to normal tissues decreases when the irradiation time is reduced. Furthermore, a comparison between the simulated data in an eye phantom made of water and eye phantom made of @entity0 eye composition, in the presence of GNPs, shows the significance of utilizing the composition of eye in ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry Also, defining the eye composition instead of water leads to more accurate calculations of GNPs radiation effects in ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry.

title: Gold nanoparticle-based brachytherapy enhancement in @entity2 using a full Monte Carlo model of the XXXX eye.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reduction in systolic blood pressure ( @entity2 reduction) during the treatment of acute decompensated @entity1 is strongly and independently associated with @entity0 . Our objective was to determine whether @entity2 reduction or titration of oral neurohormonal antagonists during acute decompensated @entity1 treatment negatively influences diuresis and decongestion. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity2 reduction was evaluated from admission to discharge in consecutive acute decompensated @entity1 admissions (n=656). Diuresis and decongestion were examined across a range of parameters, such as diuretic efficiency, fluid output, hemoconcentration, and diuretic dose. The average reduction in @entity2 was 14.4  19.4 mm   Hg, and 77.6% of the population had discharge @entity2 lower than admission. @entity2 reduction was strongly associated with @entity0 (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.9; P=0.004), a finding that persisted after adjusting for parameters of diuresis and decongestion (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-3.2; P=0.002). However, @entity2 reduction did not negatively affect diuresis or decongestion (P>= 0.25 for all parameters). Uptitration of neurohormonal antagonists occurred in >50% of admissions and was associated with a modest additional reduction in blood pressure ( <=5.6 mm   Hg). Notably, @entity0 was not increased, and diuretic efficiency was significantly improved with the uptitration of neurohormonal antagonists. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a higher rate of @entity0 , blood pressure reduction was not associated with worsening of diuresis or decongestion. Furthermore, titration of oral neurohormonal antagonists was actually associated with improved diuresis in this cohort. These results provide reassurance that the guideline-recommended titration of chronic oral medication during acute decompensated @entity1 hospitalization may not be antagonistic to the short-term goal of decongestion.

title: Influence of Titration of Neurohormonal Antagonists and Blood Pressure Reduction on Renal Function and Decongestion in Decompensated XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: The aim of the study was to assess a possible circadian variation of premature @entity1 (PACs) in a community-based population and to determine if the daily variation could be used to assess a more vulnerable period of PACs in predicting later incidence of @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 638 subjects between the ages of 55 and 75 years from the Copenhagen Holter Study who underwent up to 48 h electrocardiogram recording. Follow-up on cardiovascular endpoints was performed in 2013 with a median follow-up time of 14.4 years. According to previous studies, two subgroups were studied based on a cut-off point of >= 720 PACs/day termed frequent PACs (n = 66) and not frequent PACs with <720 PACs/day (n = 572). Based on median values, a circadian rhythm could not be demonstrated in the population as a whole and the group without frequent PACs. However, a circadian variation was observed in the group with frequent PACs, who had the fewest PACs/h during the night with a nadir at 6 am and then reaching a peak value in the afternoon at 3 pm. Runs of PACs in all subjects showed a similar circadian variation. Both PACs/h and runs of PACs seemed to follow the daily variation in heart rate. After adjusting for relevant risk factors, the risk of @entity0 was equal in all time intervals throughout the day. CONCLUSION: Premature @entity1 showed a circadian variation in subjects with frequent PACs. No specific time interval of the day was more predictive of @entity0 than others.

title: The circadian variation of premature XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: We describe the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities and neuropathologic findings in @entity0 with @entity5 and medically @entity2 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features, preoperative MRI studies, and pathologic findings of all @entity0 with @entity5 who underwent excisional surgery for intractable @entity2 at Boston @entity0 's Hospital between 1993 and  2011. RESULTS: Eleven @entity0 (male/female  =  4/7) with @entity5 were identified who underwent surgery for intractable @entity2 (mean age 13    6.2  months), including hemispherectomy (n  =  10) and focal cortical resection (n  =  1). Mean age at @entity4 onset was 15    11  weeks. Fifty-five percent (n  =  6) of @entity0 exhibited two different types of @entity4 , and 18% (n  =  2) had three types of @entity4 . @entity8 were the most common type, occurring in nine @entity0 ; @entity3 was the second most common, occurring in four @entity0 . Brain MRIs were reviewed in five @entity0 . Histopathologic examination revealed signs of varied degrees of @entity1 in seven of 11 @entity0 . Overall, there were no abnormalities in the MRIs that corresponded directly with the pathologic findings except in one @entity0 with @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: In spite of pathologic findings of @entity1 in varied degrees, these findings could not be readily detected on brain MRIs. The failure to detect focal @entity6 on MRIs may be attributable to the subtle microscopic nature of the abnormalities; in some of the older individuals, the imaging studies available for review were done during an advanced stage of the disease.

title: XXXX : Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and  Neuropathology Findings.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite universal healthcare in some countries, lower @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has been associated with worse @entity1 survival. The influence of @entity3 on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) survival is of immense interest, since @entity3 is associated with the risk and prognostic factors associated with this disease. @entity0 AND METHODS: Newly diagnosed @entity2 @entity0 from 2003 to 2010 (n=2124) were identified at Toronto's Princess Margaret Cancer Centre. Principal component analysis was used to calculate a composite score using neighbourhood-level @entity3 variables obtained from the 2006 Canada Census. Associations of @entity3 with overall survival were evaluated in @entity2 subsets and by @entity5 status (surrogate for @entity6 ). RESULTS: @entity3 score was higher for oral cavity (n=423) and @entity5 -positive @entity1 ( @entity1 , n=404) @entity0 compared with other disease sites. Lower @entity3 was associated with worse survival [HR 1.14 (1.06-1.22), p=0.0002], larger @entity1 staging (p<0.001), current smoking (p<0.0001), heavier @entity4 consumption (p<0.0001), and greater comorbidity (p<0.0002), but not with treatment regimen (p>0.20). After adjusting for age, sex, and stage, the lowest @entity3 quintile was associated with the worst survival only for @entity1 @entity0 [HR 1.66 (1.09-2.53), n=832], primarily in the @entity5 -negative subset [HR 1.63 (0.96-2.79)]. The predictive ability of the prognostic models improved when smoking/ @entity4 was added to the model (c-index 0.71 vs. 0.69), but addition of @entity3 did not (c-index 0.69). CONCLUSION: @entity3 was associated with survival, but this effect was lost after accounting for other factors (age, sex, TNM stage, smoking/ @entity4 ). Lower @entity3 was associated with greater smoking, @entity4 consumption, comorbidity, and stage.

title: Socioeconomic status, XXXX , and overall survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in Toronto, Canada.

answer: @entity6


abstract: This article presents the impact of @entity2 / @entity3 on the Zambian health system. The Ministry of Health is expecting an increase in hospital bed occupancy from 6% in 1990 to 43% in 2005. The increase is a result of the continued increasing number of @entity3 @entity0 hospitalized which also require longer hospital stays (15-80 days) and intensive medical care compared with other diseases. In addition, treatment of @entity5 places a considerable strain on health service expenditures; wherein 90% are treated in hospitals or health centers. In 1999, the World Bank estimated that the cost of treating an @entity3 @entity0 from the time of diagnosis until @entity1 ranged from @entity4 100-1100. In Zambia, the average cost ranges from @entity4 3.31-7.25. An average daily cost of @entity4 5 would accumulate to @entity4 150 for a cumulative 30-day stay of an @entity3 individual. The cost could reach @entity4 200 per @entity3 @entity0 if pharmaceuticals and other direct costs were added. @entity3 care expenditure is anticipated to increase from @entity4 1.7 million in 1990 to @entity4 12.9 million in 1995, and to @entity4 21 million in 2005. The increased expenditure in @entity3 care threatens the deviation of fund allocation necessary for other important health care needs. This article underscores the burden on district health services in assuming responsibility for delivery of essential service package in terms of health care reforms.

title: The burden of @entity2 / XXXX on the Zambian health system.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This article presents the impact of @entity2 / @entity3 on the Zambian health system. The Ministry of Health is expecting an increase in hospital bed occupancy from 6% in 1990 to 43% in 2005. The increase is a result of the continued increasing number of @entity3 @entity0 hospitalized which also require longer hospital stays (15-80 days) and intensive medical care compared with other diseases. In addition, treatment of @entity5 places a considerable strain on health service expenditures; wherein 90% are treated in hospitals or health centers. In 1999, the World Bank estimated that the cost of treating an @entity3 @entity0 from the time of diagnosis until @entity1 ranged from @entity4 100-1100. In Zambia, the average cost ranges from @entity4 3.31-7.25. An average daily cost of @entity4 5 would accumulate to @entity4 150 for a cumulative 30-day stay of an @entity3 individual. The cost could reach @entity4 200 per @entity3 @entity0 if pharmaceuticals and other direct costs were added. @entity3 care expenditure is anticipated to increase from @entity4 1.7 million in 1990 to @entity4 12.9 million in 1995, and to @entity4 21 million in 2005. The increased expenditure in @entity3 care threatens the deviation of fund allocation necessary for other important health care needs. This article underscores the burden on district health services in assuming responsibility for delivery of essential service package in terms of health care reforms.

title: The burden of XXXX / @entity3 on the Zambian health system.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have been associated with mortality in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). All 3 main mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis - reentry, trigger activity, and automatism - have been implicated. Arrhythmogenic substrates in @entity3 favor these mechanisms and are often potentiated by electrolyte imbalance secondary to diuretic treatment, by antiarrhythmic drugs, or by @entity7 , leading to polymorphic @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Myocardial macroreentry is the mechanism most frequently responsible for monomorphic @entity5 in @entity3 ; however, focal activation and His-Purkinje macroreentry are often responsible and, especially in the latter case, are frequently unrecognized. Clinical suspicion and final recognition by electrophysiologic testing have important therapeutic consequences, because both focal activation and His-Purkinje macroreentry can be treated effectively by catheter ablation. On the other hand, the frequent recurrences of myocardial macroreentrant @entity5 after ablation require this therapy to be used in combination with drugs or an @entity1 ( @entity1 ). beta-Adrenoceptor antagonists (beta-blockers) have a beneficial effect for primary prevention of @entity2 in @entity3 . Type III antiarrhythmics have a neutral effect on mortality and type I antiarrhythmics should be avoided. Treatment of nonsustained @entity5 in @entity3 is controversial because it often presents without symptoms and is linked more to overall mortality than to arrhythmic mortality. Empiric treatment with @entity8 or electrophysiologically guided @entity9 are preferred to the use of other drugs for secondary prevention of sustained @entity2 . ICDs should be implanted in @entity0 who have been resuscitated from @entity6 due to @entity2 , or in those with poorly tolerated @entity5 and severe @entity4 . Empiric treatment with @entity8 or electrophysiologically guided class III antiarrhythmics may also be alternatives for @entity0 with @entity3 and no severe @entity4 , especially if @entity5 is well tolerated.

title: Mechanisms underlying @entity2 in XXXX : implications for management.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have been associated with mortality in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). All 3 main mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis - reentry, trigger activity, and automatism - have been implicated. Arrhythmogenic substrates in @entity3 favor these mechanisms and are often potentiated by electrolyte imbalance secondary to diuretic treatment, by antiarrhythmic drugs, or by @entity7 , leading to polymorphic @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Myocardial macroreentry is the mechanism most frequently responsible for monomorphic @entity5 in @entity3 ; however, focal activation and His-Purkinje macroreentry are often responsible and, especially in the latter case, are frequently unrecognized. Clinical suspicion and final recognition by electrophysiologic testing have important therapeutic consequences, because both focal activation and His-Purkinje macroreentry can be treated effectively by catheter ablation. On the other hand, the frequent recurrences of myocardial macroreentrant @entity5 after ablation require this therapy to be used in combination with drugs or an @entity1 ( @entity1 ). beta-Adrenoceptor antagonists (beta-blockers) have a beneficial effect for primary prevention of @entity2 in @entity3 . Type III antiarrhythmics have a neutral effect on mortality and type I antiarrhythmics should be avoided. Treatment of nonsustained @entity5 in @entity3 is controversial because it often presents without symptoms and is linked more to overall mortality than to arrhythmic mortality. Empiric treatment with @entity8 or electrophysiologically guided @entity9 are preferred to the use of other drugs for secondary prevention of sustained @entity2 . ICDs should be implanted in @entity0 who have been resuscitated from @entity6 due to @entity2 , or in those with poorly tolerated @entity5 and severe @entity4 . Empiric treatment with @entity8 or electrophysiologically guided class III antiarrhythmics may also be alternatives for @entity0 with @entity3 and no severe @entity4 , especially if @entity5 is well tolerated.

title: Mechanisms underlying XXXX in @entity3 : implications for management.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. A new mutant strain (AN228) of @entity5 , unable to couple phosphorylation to electron transport, has been isolated. The mutant allele (unc-405), in strain AN228, was found to map near the uncA and uncB genes at about minute 74 on the @entity1 genome. 2. A transductant strain (AN285) carrying the unc-405 allele is similar to the uncA and uncB mutants described previously in that it is unable to grow on @entity6 , gives a low aerobic yield on limiting concentrations of @entity0 , has a normal rate of electron transport, is unable to couple phosphorylation to electron transport, and lacks @entity2 -dependent transhydrogenase activity. 3. Strain AN285 (unc-405) is similar to an uncA mutant, but different from an uncB mutant, in that it is unable to grow anaerobically in a @entity0 -mineral-salts medium, and membrane preparations do not have @entity4 -stimulated @entity3 triphosphatase activity. 4. Strain AN285 (unc-405) does not form an aggregate analogous to the membrane-bound @entity4 -stimulated @entity3 triphosphatase aggregate found in normal cells. In this respect it differs from strain AN249 (uncA(-)), which forms an inactive membrane-bound @entity4 -stimulated @entity3 triphosphatase aggregate.

title: Oxidative phosphorylation in XXXX . An uncoupled mutant with altered membrane structure.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the radiographic clearance of proven community-acquired nontuberculous @entity2 in nonimmunocompromised older @entity0 to provide working estimates of the rate of radiographic resolution as a function of the @entity0 cumulative comorbidities, extent of initial radiographic involvement, functional status, and causative pathogens. DESIGN: A prospective study. @entity0 : Seventy-four @entity0 aged 70 and older, consecutively admitted to a hospital for community-acquired @entity2 . SETTING: A university-affiliated teaching hospital. MEASUREMENTS: Chest radiographs were performed every 3 weeks from the date of admission for a total period of 12 weeks or until all radiographic abnormalities had resolved or returned to baseline. RESULTS: Sixty-four @entity0 (86%) completed the study. The rate of radiographic clearance was estimated at 35.1% within 3 weeks, 60.2% within 6 weeks, and 84.2% within 12 weeks. Radiographic resolution was significantly slower for those with high comorbidity index, @entity3 , multilobar involvement, and enteric gram-negative bacilli @entity1 . Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the comorbidity index (relative risk for clearance=0.67 per class index, P<.001) and multilobar disease (relative risk for clearance=0.24 for more than one lobe, P<.001) had independent predictive value (Cox proportional hazards regression model) on the rate of resolution. CONCLUSION: The radiographic resolution of nontuberculous @entity2 in the elderly should take into account the extent of lobar disease and the burden of underlying illnesses. A waiting period of 12 to 14 weeks is recommended for slowly resolving @entity1 to be considered nonresolving.

title: Radiographic resolution of community-acquired XXXX in the elderly.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The biological effects of thyroid hormone (T3) are mediated by the thyroid hormone receptor (TR). Amphibian metamorphosis is one of the most dramatic processes that are dependent on T3. T3 regulates a series of orchestrated developmental changes, which ultimately result in the conversion of an aquatic herbivorous tadpole to a terrestrial carnivorous frog. T3 is presumed to bind to TRs, which in turn recruit coactivators, leading to gene activation. The best-studied coactivators belong to the p160 or SRC family. Members of this family include @entity1 /NCoA-1, @entity2 / @entity2 / @entity3 , and @entity4 /pCIP/ @entity4 / @entity4 / @entity5 / @entity6 . These SRCs interact directly with liganded TR and function as adapter molecules to recruit other coactivators such as @entity7 / @entity7 . Here, we studied the expression patterns of these coactivators during various stages of development. Amongst the coactivators cloned in @entity0 , @entity4 was found to be dramatically upregulated during natural and T3-induced metamorphosis, and @entity2 and @entity7 are expressed throughout postembryonic development with little change in their expression levels. These results support the view that these coactivators participate in gene regulation by TR during metamorphosis.

title: Distinct expression profiles of transcriptional coactivators for thyroid hormone receptors during XXXX metamorphosis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the methods of different types of hysteroscopic surgery for @entity5 . METHODS: A total of 109 cases by different ways by hysteroscopic surgery for endometrial @entity3 from October 2000 to May 2002 were followed up. The mean age was 45 +/- 9 (26 - 73) years. The mean follow-up was 12 +/- 5 (3 - 22) months. The @entity0 of @entity7 were asked for filling in pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) before and after the surgery. RESULTS: By the PBAC there was significant difference between before and after the surgery (P = 0.001). After the surgery, among 84 @entity3 with @entity7 , 14 cases (16.7%) were @entity8 , 26 cases (31.0%) spotting, other 24 cases reducing the amount. Thirty-four cases that had had @entity2 recovered in one month after the surgery. In 16 cases @entity6 , 7 cases were recovered, 7 got better, and the other 2 got worse. Of 5 cases of @entity1 (3 were primary and 2 were secondary), 4 cases got pregnancy after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3 @entity0 who had @entity7 without desire of fertility should undergo polypectomy with endometrial resection in order to avoid recurrence. The @entity0 who has desire of fertility should undergo polypectomy merely. If she had @entity3 with @entity4 she should undergo polypectomy with endometrial resection of superficial layer. The postmenopausal @entity0 should perform polypectomy merely or polypectomy with endometrial ablation.

title: [Clinical study of hysteroscopic surgery for XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Major @entity0 therapeutic approaches are based on inhibition of the ras-signaling pathway, with special emphasis on the MAPK arm. Transformation progression from benign to malignant can be effected by the expression of Rho GTPases, also ras effectors. To ascertain whether their inhibition, could suppress progression, dominant negative (DN) GTPases were transfected into malignantly transformed epithelial cells. N17rac gave rise to cells that, though viable, were severely @entity1 in their growth rate and saturation density, due to increased apoptosis. This was in contrast to cells expressing WTrac1 or the other DN GTPases, which did not exhibit altered growth kinetics. WTrac1 and N17rac transfectants were no longer able to grow in soft agar, unlike the other DN GTPase transfectants, which retained their ability to grow in soft agar. Thus, not only progression, but transformation per se was suppressed by DNrac1. V12 @entity2 alters the expression and localization of the actin regulating proteins @entity3 and @entity4 , which results in the loss of stable F-actin structures and actin-based differentiation characteristics. In the presence of N17rac1, @entity4 was downregulated and @entity3 and F-actin colocalization restored. Consequently, F-actin structures and their dependent adhesive interactions were reestablished. Thus, @entity2 and its effectors may also serve as important targets for @entity0 therapeutics.

title: Suppression of epithelial cell transformation and induction of actin dependent differentiation by dominant negative XXXX , but not Ras, Rho or Cdc42.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prospective study designed to count the number of granulocytic cells and eosinophils in nasal polyp tissue removed during ethmoidectomy and to look for anatomical correlations. METHODS: Bilateral ethmoidectomy with a postoperative local @entity3 treatment was performed in 40 @entity0 with @entity6 . Immunolabeling of the operative specimen using common leukocyte antigen ( @entity5 ) and granulocytes associated antigen ( @entity7 ) and quantification of the granulocyte infiltrate by image and manual counting of eosinophils with the mean of micro-reticule, were performed. The results were compared to those of 10 healthy subjects. An endoscopy of the postoperative cavities was performed one year after surgery to assess the local results. RESULTS: The granulocyte and eosinophil infiltrates were significantly more important in the operated @entity0 compared to the healthy population (p<10(- 4)). A "moderate" granulocytic infiltration (G -) was found in 11 @entity0 out of 40 (27.5%). Among them, 9 @entity0 showed less than 30% eosinophils (mean 16.2% +/- 2%). "Severe" granulocytic infiltrate (G +) was found in 29 @entity0 out of 40 (72.5%). Among them, 25 @entity0 showed more than 30% eosinophils (mean 48.8% +/- 2%). Most of the @entity0 with G + type infiltrate suffered from @entity1 . One year after surgery, 17 out of 29 G + @entity0 had no @entity6 recurrence, 12 out of 29 G + @entity0 had a recurrence. However, 12 out of 15 @entity0 with recurrent @entity6 had G + type infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS: Granulocyte and eosinophil infiltration cannot be considered as a prognostic factor for recurrence at the time of surgery. A severe granulocyte and eosinophil infiltration is a typical feature of @entity6 , particularly in @entity0 with @entity4 and/or in the @entity2 triad.

title: [Nasal XXXX : quantification of the eosinophil and granulocyte infiltrates. Anatomo-clinical correlations].

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine the characteristics of @entity0 ( @entity0 ), optimise the topography and the frequency of the stimulus, determine the origin of the @entity0 and analyze its clinical implications. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fifty-two severe @entity1 (SUVL) (post-surgical vestibular areflexy) were studied. The @entity0 was measured by 2D and 3D videonystagmography (Synapsis, France). The stimulus was applied with a 3S vibrator at the vertex, both masto  ds, and posterior cervical muscles, at frequencies ranging from 20 to 150 Hz. For topographic optimization, stimulation was given with S vibrator (Synapsis, France) at 100 Hz. The interferences between the vibratory test (VT) and the caloric test (CT) were studied on the normal ear (in 11 subjects). The same study was carried out with the optokinetic test. RESULTS: The VT revealed a defective nystagmus at all frequencies of stimulation. Optimal response was obtained in a band frequency of 80-120 Hz. Stimulations at 100 Hz showed optimal responses for mastoid topography (responses in 96% of the cases). Stimulation at the posterior cervical muscles and at the vertex indicated respectively a response in 90% and 60% of the cases. The efficiency of the mastoid stimulation was not correlated with the side of stimulation (p=0.9). The interference between the VT and caloric test (CT) with cold water (30 degrees C and 20 degrees C) exhibited the inversion of the @entity0 during the vibrator stimulation. The resulting nystagmus was respectively an algebraic subtraction or addition between the pre-existing @entity0 and the value of the @entity0 obtained before the caloric test. Adaptation of the @entity0 was moderate. The interference between the VT and the optokinetic test resulted in a subtraction or addition effect, according to the side of the lesion and the direction of the optokinetic stimulus. CONCLUSION: The VT is an efficient stimulation in mastoid topography. The vestibular contribution is bilateral by bony conduction of the vibration, it explores frequencies ranging from 30 to 120 Hz, with a maximum of response at 100 Hz. The VT interacts with the caloric test and the optokinetic test. The stimulation is very strong, and is able to inverse the @entity0 at cold water stimulation (20 degrees C) In labyrinthine-defective subjects, the @entity0 is always defective at all frequencies, whatever the topographic location of the stimulus, and the position of the head.

title: [Nystagmus and vibratory test: evidence for mechanism. Material conditions and methods in the fast detection of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells were first identified for their ability to kill @entity1 cells of different origin in vitro. Similarly, gammadelta T lymphocytes display strong cytotoxic activity against various @entity1 cell lines. However, the ability of both the NK and gammadelta cells to mediate natural immune response against @entity0 @entity1 in vivo is still poorly defined. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity2 have been successfully engrafted with @entity0 @entity1 . In this study, the antitumor effect of local as well as of systemic treatments based on NK cells or Vdelta1 or Vdelta2 gamma/delta T lymphocytes against @entity3 cells was investigated in vivo. The results show that all three of the populations were effective in preventing growth of autologous @entity0 @entity3 when both @entity1 and lymphoid cells were s.c. inoculated at the same site. However, when lymphoid cells were infused i.v., only NK cells and Vdelta1 gamma/delta T lymphocytes could either prevent or inhibit the s.c. growth of @entity3 . Accordingly, both NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes could be detected at the s.c. @entity1 site. In contrast, Vdelta2 gammadelta T lymphocytes were only detectable in the spleen of the @entity4 @entity2 . Moreover, NK cells maintained their inhibitory effect on @entity1 growth even after discontinuation of the treatment. Indeed they were present at the @entity1 site for a longer period. These data support the possibility to exploit NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes in @entity1 immunotherapy. Moreover, our study emphasizes the usefulness of @entity0 @entity1 / @entity4 @entity2 models for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapy protocols against @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Effect of XXXX natural killer and gammadelta T cells on the growth of @entity0 @entity3 xenografts in @entity4 @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells were first identified for their ability to kill @entity1 cells of different origin in vitro. Similarly, gammadelta T lymphocytes display strong cytotoxic activity against various @entity1 cell lines. However, the ability of both the NK and gammadelta cells to mediate natural immune response against @entity0 @entity1 in vivo is still poorly defined. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity2 have been successfully engrafted with @entity0 @entity1 . In this study, the antitumor effect of local as well as of systemic treatments based on NK cells or Vdelta1 or Vdelta2 gamma/delta T lymphocytes against @entity3 cells was investigated in vivo. The results show that all three of the populations were effective in preventing growth of autologous @entity0 @entity3 when both @entity1 and lymphoid cells were s.c. inoculated at the same site. However, when lymphoid cells were infused i.v., only NK cells and Vdelta1 gamma/delta T lymphocytes could either prevent or inhibit the s.c. growth of @entity3 . Accordingly, both NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes could be detected at the s.c. @entity1 site. In contrast, Vdelta2 gammadelta T lymphocytes were only detectable in the spleen of the @entity4 @entity2 . Moreover, NK cells maintained their inhibitory effect on @entity1 growth even after discontinuation of the treatment. Indeed they were present at the @entity1 site for a longer period. These data support the possibility to exploit NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes in @entity1 immunotherapy. Moreover, our study emphasizes the usefulness of @entity0 @entity1 / @entity4 @entity2 models for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapy protocols against @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Effect of @entity0 natural killer and gammadelta T cells on the growth of XXXX @entity3 xenografts in @entity4 @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells were first identified for their ability to kill @entity1 cells of different origin in vitro. Similarly, gammadelta T lymphocytes display strong cytotoxic activity against various @entity1 cell lines. However, the ability of both the NK and gammadelta cells to mediate natural immune response against @entity0 @entity1 in vivo is still poorly defined. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity2 have been successfully engrafted with @entity0 @entity1 . In this study, the antitumor effect of local as well as of systemic treatments based on NK cells or Vdelta1 or Vdelta2 gamma/delta T lymphocytes against @entity3 cells was investigated in vivo. The results show that all three of the populations were effective in preventing growth of autologous @entity0 @entity3 when both @entity1 and lymphoid cells were s.c. inoculated at the same site. However, when lymphoid cells were infused i.v., only NK cells and Vdelta1 gamma/delta T lymphocytes could either prevent or inhibit the s.c. growth of @entity3 . Accordingly, both NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes could be detected at the s.c. @entity1 site. In contrast, Vdelta2 gammadelta T lymphocytes were only detectable in the spleen of the @entity4 @entity2 . Moreover, NK cells maintained their inhibitory effect on @entity1 growth even after discontinuation of the treatment. Indeed they were present at the @entity1 site for a longer period. These data support the possibility to exploit NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes in @entity1 immunotherapy. Moreover, our study emphasizes the usefulness of @entity0 @entity1 / @entity4 @entity2 models for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapy protocols against @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Effect of @entity0 natural killer and gammadelta T cells on the growth of @entity0 XXXX xenografts in @entity4 @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells were first identified for their ability to kill @entity1 cells of different origin in vitro. Similarly, gammadelta T lymphocytes display strong cytotoxic activity against various @entity1 cell lines. However, the ability of both the NK and gammadelta cells to mediate natural immune response against @entity0 @entity1 in vivo is still poorly defined. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity2 have been successfully engrafted with @entity0 @entity1 . In this study, the antitumor effect of local as well as of systemic treatments based on NK cells or Vdelta1 or Vdelta2 gamma/delta T lymphocytes against @entity3 cells was investigated in vivo. The results show that all three of the populations were effective in preventing growth of autologous @entity0 @entity3 when both @entity1 and lymphoid cells were s.c. inoculated at the same site. However, when lymphoid cells were infused i.v., only NK cells and Vdelta1 gamma/delta T lymphocytes could either prevent or inhibit the s.c. growth of @entity3 . Accordingly, both NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes could be detected at the s.c. @entity1 site. In contrast, Vdelta2 gammadelta T lymphocytes were only detectable in the spleen of the @entity4 @entity2 . Moreover, NK cells maintained their inhibitory effect on @entity1 growth even after discontinuation of the treatment. Indeed they were present at the @entity1 site for a longer period. These data support the possibility to exploit NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes in @entity1 immunotherapy. Moreover, our study emphasizes the usefulness of @entity0 @entity1 / @entity4 @entity2 models for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapy protocols against @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Effect of @entity0 natural killer and gammadelta T cells on the growth of @entity0 @entity3 xenografts in XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells were first identified for their ability to kill @entity1 cells of different origin in vitro. Similarly, gammadelta T lymphocytes display strong cytotoxic activity against various @entity1 cell lines. However, the ability of both the NK and gammadelta cells to mediate natural immune response against @entity0 @entity1 in vivo is still poorly defined. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity2 have been successfully engrafted with @entity0 @entity1 . In this study, the antitumor effect of local as well as of systemic treatments based on NK cells or Vdelta1 or Vdelta2 gamma/delta T lymphocytes against @entity3 cells was investigated in vivo. The results show that all three of the populations were effective in preventing growth of autologous @entity0 @entity3 when both @entity1 and lymphoid cells were s.c. inoculated at the same site. However, when lymphoid cells were infused i.v., only NK cells and Vdelta1 gamma/delta T lymphocytes could either prevent or inhibit the s.c. growth of @entity3 . Accordingly, both NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes could be detected at the s.c. @entity1 site. In contrast, Vdelta2 gammadelta T lymphocytes were only detectable in the spleen of the @entity4 @entity2 . Moreover, NK cells maintained their inhibitory effect on @entity1 growth even after discontinuation of the treatment. Indeed they were present at the @entity1 site for a longer period. These data support the possibility to exploit NK cells and Vdelta1 gammadelta T lymphocytes in @entity1 immunotherapy. Moreover, our study emphasizes the usefulness of @entity0 @entity1 / @entity4 @entity2 models for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapy protocols against @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Effect of @entity0 natural killer and gammadelta T cells on the growth of @entity0 @entity3 xenografts in @entity4 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the need for pacing in adults with chronic Mobitz type I second degree @entity2 (Mobitz I). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: District general hospital. @entity0 : 147 subjects aged > or = 20 years (age cohorts 20-44, 45-64, 65-79, and > or = 80) with chronic Mobitz I without second degree Mobitz II or third degree (higher degree) block on entry, seen from 1968 to 1993 and followed up to 30 June 1997. Sixty four had @entity1 . The presence of symptomatic @entity3 was defined as highly likely in 47 @entity0 (class 1); probable in 14 (class 2); and absent in 86 (class 3). INTERVENTIONS: Pacemakers were implanted in 90 @entity0 for the following indications: symptoms in 74 and prophylaxis in 16. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measure was death, with conduction deterioration to higher degree block or symptomatic @entity3 the alternative measure. RESULTS: Five year survival to death was reduced in unpaced @entity0 relative to that expected for the normal population (overall mean (SD) 53.5 (6.7)% v 68.6%, p < 0.001; class 3, 54.4 (7.3)% v 70.1%, p < 0.001). Paced @entity0 fared better than unpaced (overall (mean (SD) five year survival 76.3 (4.5)% v 53.5 (6.7)%, p = 0.0014; class 3, 87.2 (5.4)% v 54.4 (7.3)%, p = 0.020; and @entity1 , 68.2 (7.6)% v 44.0 (9.9)%, p < or = 0.0014). There were no deaths in the < 45 cohort. Survival to first outcome (main or alternative) was further reduced to 31.7 (5.0)% in 102 @entity0 unpaced initially and 34.2 (5.7)% in class 3. Only the 20-44 cohort and @entity0 with @entity4 had > 50% survival. CONCLUSION: Mobitz I block is not usually benign in @entity0 > or = 45 years of age. Pacemaker implantation should be considered, even in the absence of symptomatic @entity3 or @entity1 .

title: Is Mobitz type I XXXX benign in adults?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Apoptosis in the testis and prostate exposed to disrupters of endocrine function, including @entity3 ( @entity4 ), during neonatal or postnatal periods has repeatedly been demonstrated, but not in the mature epididymis. We investigated the effects of @entity4 , a potent and synthetic @entity0 , on apoptosis in the adult. Adult male @entity2 received an SC injection of @entity4 and were then sacrificed to collect epididymides after 1, 4, or 7 days of treatment. A significant decrease in epididymal weight and an increase in apoptotic cells were shown on the first day after @entity4 injection. Flow cytometry showed that @entity4 treatment (1 mg/kg) for 1, 4, or 7 days induced significant apoptosis both in the caput and the cauda epididymides. Greater numbers of apoptotic cells were detected in the caput than in the cauda at a fixed time after @entity4 treatment. Serum levels of @entity1 decreased markedly within 24 hr after @entity4 administration, reaching undetectable levels of 0.1 ng/ml at 4 days and thereafter. These results indicate that @entity4 administration can increase epididymal apoptosis with a decrease in serum @entity1 levels. Because @entity4 used to be injected into domestic animals, adult males also have a chance to take this substance through food. Our study indicates that exposure to @entity4 in adults is as toxic as that in the perinatal period.

title: Apoptosis in the epididymal epithelium of adult male @entity2 exposed to XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Apoptosis in the testis and prostate exposed to disrupters of endocrine function, including @entity3 ( @entity4 ), during neonatal or postnatal periods has repeatedly been demonstrated, but not in the mature epididymis. We investigated the effects of @entity4 , a potent and synthetic @entity0 , on apoptosis in the adult. Adult male @entity2 received an SC injection of @entity4 and were then sacrificed to collect epididymides after 1, 4, or 7 days of treatment. A significant decrease in epididymal weight and an increase in apoptotic cells were shown on the first day after @entity4 injection. Flow cytometry showed that @entity4 treatment (1 mg/kg) for 1, 4, or 7 days induced significant apoptosis both in the caput and the cauda epididymides. Greater numbers of apoptotic cells were detected in the caput than in the cauda at a fixed time after @entity4 treatment. Serum levels of @entity1 decreased markedly within 24 hr after @entity4 administration, reaching undetectable levels of 0.1 ng/ml at 4 days and thereafter. These results indicate that @entity4 administration can increase epididymal apoptosis with a decrease in serum @entity1 levels. Because @entity4 used to be injected into domestic animals, adult males also have a chance to take this substance through food. Our study indicates that exposure to @entity4 in adults is as toxic as that in the perinatal period.

title: Apoptosis in the epididymal epithelium of adult male XXXX exposed to @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The new antifungal triazoles @entity1 and @entity2 have revolutionized the treatment of @entity4 . Both drugs have shown promising results in different dose schedules. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of single oral dose treatment with @entity2 versus @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: A total of 40 @entity0 with @entity4 were allocated randomly to group A and group B. A single dose of @entity2 (400 mg) or @entity1 (400 mg) was given orally to group A or group B @entity0 , respectively. @entity0 were assessed mycologically by @entity3 and culture. Culture was done from lesional and perilesional skin to quantify growth and to observe the effect of these drugs and the persistence/reappearance of the fungus in relation to relapse at 2 and 8 weeks. Relapse was defined as reappearance or worsening of clinical signs and symptoms or positive @entity3 /culture after initial improvement. RESULTS: Thirteen (65%) @entity0 in the @entity2 group and 4 (20%) @entity0 in the @entity1 group became culture negative at the end of 8 weeks. Relapse was found to be higher in the @entity1 group compared to the @entity2 group (60 vs. 35%). A direct correlation was found between the relapse rate and positivity of perilesional skin for Malassezia furfur. CONCLUSION: In the same dosing, @entity2 was found to be more effective than @entity1 ; however, both drugs were found to be safe.

title: Single-dose XXXX versus @entity1 in @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The new antifungal triazoles @entity1 and @entity2 have revolutionized the treatment of @entity4 . Both drugs have shown promising results in different dose schedules. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of single oral dose treatment with @entity2 versus @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: A total of 40 @entity0 with @entity4 were allocated randomly to group A and group B. A single dose of @entity2 (400 mg) or @entity1 (400 mg) was given orally to group A or group B @entity0 , respectively. @entity0 were assessed mycologically by @entity3 and culture. Culture was done from lesional and perilesional skin to quantify growth and to observe the effect of these drugs and the persistence/reappearance of the fungus in relation to relapse at 2 and 8 weeks. Relapse was defined as reappearance or worsening of clinical signs and symptoms or positive @entity3 /culture after initial improvement. RESULTS: Thirteen (65%) @entity0 in the @entity2 group and 4 (20%) @entity0 in the @entity1 group became culture negative at the end of 8 weeks. Relapse was found to be higher in the @entity1 group compared to the @entity2 group (60 vs. 35%). A direct correlation was found between the relapse rate and positivity of perilesional skin for Malassezia furfur. CONCLUSION: In the same dosing, @entity2 was found to be more effective than @entity1 ; however, both drugs were found to be safe.

title: Single-dose @entity2 versus XXXX in @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The new antifungal triazoles @entity1 and @entity2 have revolutionized the treatment of @entity4 . Both drugs have shown promising results in different dose schedules. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of single oral dose treatment with @entity2 versus @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: A total of 40 @entity0 with @entity4 were allocated randomly to group A and group B. A single dose of @entity2 (400 mg) or @entity1 (400 mg) was given orally to group A or group B @entity0 , respectively. @entity0 were assessed mycologically by @entity3 and culture. Culture was done from lesional and perilesional skin to quantify growth and to observe the effect of these drugs and the persistence/reappearance of the fungus in relation to relapse at 2 and 8 weeks. Relapse was defined as reappearance or worsening of clinical signs and symptoms or positive @entity3 /culture after initial improvement. RESULTS: Thirteen (65%) @entity0 in the @entity2 group and 4 (20%) @entity0 in the @entity1 group became culture negative at the end of 8 weeks. Relapse was found to be higher in the @entity1 group compared to the @entity2 group (60 vs. 35%). A direct correlation was found between the relapse rate and positivity of perilesional skin for Malassezia furfur. CONCLUSION: In the same dosing, @entity2 was found to be more effective than @entity1 ; however, both drugs were found to be safe.

title: Single-dose @entity2 versus @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe anterior vitreous face behavior when AcrySof (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX) intraocular lenses come in contact with the anterior vitreous face after posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis without anterior vitrectomy in pediatric @entity0 undergoing @entity2 surgery. METHODS: This study comprised 14 eyes of 12 @entity0 whose mean age was 9.6 years (range, 2.3 to 16.0). All eyes underwent primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis without anterior vitrectomy and had AcrySof IOLs implanted in the bag. Changes on the anterior vitreous face were documented, and visual acuity was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Student group t and Mann Whitney tests. RESULTS: Mean length of follow-up was 21.1 +/- 7.4 months (range, 15.0 to 36 months). Nine eyes (64.3%) had a clear @entity1 , whereas 5 eyes (35.7%) developed anterior vitreous face changes. Of those with anterior vitreous face changes, 60% (3 of 5) eyes showed a fine meshwork-like reticular response termed "anterior vitreous reticular response" (AVR); 20% (1 of 5) eyes showed a scaffold response; and 20% (1 of 5) eyes showed a mixed response at the last follow-up examination. The difference in visual acuity before and after the development of the AVR response was not significant (P =.712). The mean age of @entity0 with eyes having a clear @entity1 was 12.1 +/- 2.3 years (median = 11.0; range, 9.1 to 16.0), and the mean age of @entity0 with eyes having anterior vitreous face changes was 5.1 +/- 3.4 years (median = 3.6; range, 2.3 to 11.6) (P =.0098). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that when the AcrySof intraocular lenses come in contact with the anterior vitreous face, they produce the AVR response during the early postoperative period in younger eyes. This does not seem to have any significant impact on visual acuity.

title: Anterior vitreous face behavior with AcrySof in pediatric XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The improved Finapres apparatus, known as the Finometer, measures finger blood pressure noninvasively on a beat-to-beat basis and gives waveform measurements similar to intra-arterial recordings. The Finometer measures brachial pressure and corrects for finger pressure accordingly. It also corrects for the hydrostatic height of the finger with respect to the heart level. The objective was to validate the Finometer according to the revised British @entity2 Society (BHS) protocol and the criteria of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). We carried out a main validation test using a subject group of 102 black @entity0 , which was also divided into smaller groups, namely 24 @entity2 , 25 @entity1 normotensive and 35 lean normotensive @entity0 . Finometer and @entity3 sphygmomanometer blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken early in the morning before breakfast, after the subjects stayed overnight in a research unit. Within the whole subject group, the Finometer satisfied the AAMI criteria for accuracy and achieved an overall A/B grading according to the BHS criteria. The sphygmomanometer measurements were 128+/-20/78+/-12 mmHg compared to 130+/-20/78+/-11 mmHg for the Finometer. The average differences between the @entity3 sphygmomanometer and Finometer readings for systolic and diastolic BP were, respectively, -1.83+/-6.8 and 0.88+/-7.5. Systolic readings of the Finometer device differed by less than 5 mmHg for 64%, by less than 10 mmHg for 86% and differed by less than 15 mmHg for 96% of all readings. A total of 63% of all diastolic readings of the Finometer by less than 5 mmHg, 85% by less than 10 mmHg and 94% of all readings differed by less than 15 mmHg. On the basis of these results, the Finometer device satisfied the validation criteria of AAMI and received an A/B grading according to the BHS protocol. It can therefore be recommended for measurements in the clinical set-up and for research purposes.

title: Validation of the Finometer device for measurement of blood pressure in black XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is an unusual condition mainly observed during the postpartum period. It has not been reported to date in the @entity3 . Two female @entity0 with @entity3 , ages 33 years and 73 years, were diagnosed as having @entity1 by computed tomography (CT) scan, according to the radiologic criteria described by Zerhouni et al. In 1 of the @entity0 , the left vein was affected by @entity1 , while in the other @entity0 , the right vein was affected. One of the @entity0 had a @entity2 ; the diagnosis of @entity1 was established after she underwent a cesarean section and a right atrium thrombectomy. The other @entity0 had no vascular manifestations. @entity1 was asymptomatic in both @entity0 . Searches for associated thrombophilic states yielded negative results. With the continuation of anticoagulation therapy, the 2 @entity0 have remained in good condition. Resolution of the @entity1 was observed in the @entity0 who underwent a CT scan during followup. To our knowledge, this is the first report of @entity1 occurring in the @entity3 . Given that it may develop in the absence of pelvic clinical manifestations, this complication may be underdiagnosed.

title: @entity1 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is an unusual condition mainly observed during the postpartum period. It has not been reported to date in the @entity3 . Two female @entity0 with @entity3 , ages 33 years and 73 years, were diagnosed as having @entity1 by computed tomography (CT) scan, according to the radiologic criteria described by Zerhouni et al. In 1 of the @entity0 , the left vein was affected by @entity1 , while in the other @entity0 , the right vein was affected. One of the @entity0 had a @entity2 ; the diagnosis of @entity1 was established after she underwent a cesarean section and a right atrium thrombectomy. The other @entity0 had no vascular manifestations. @entity1 was asymptomatic in both @entity0 . Searches for associated thrombophilic states yielded negative results. With the continuation of anticoagulation therapy, the 2 @entity0 have remained in good condition. Resolution of the @entity1 was observed in the @entity0 who underwent a CT scan during followup. To our knowledge, this is the first report of @entity1 occurring in the @entity3 . Given that it may develop in the absence of pelvic clinical manifestations, this complication may be underdiagnosed.

title: XXXX in the @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This case report describes a failure after correct clip application at a time unrelated to pregnancy and discusses some implications of this form of sterilization. A 26-year-old @entity0 with 3 @entity0 had a laparoscopic clip sterilization performed by a double portal approach. A good view of a normal pelvis was obtained and a clip applied to the isthmic region of each tube, approximately 2 cm from the cornu. The clips appeared to be @entity3 . The @entity0 presented again 4 months later with a history of 7 weeks' @entity2 and a positive pregnancy test. Vagainal suction termination of the pregnancy was performed and bilateral partial salpingectomy performed through a small transverse suprapubic incision. The portion of tube beneath the left clip was completely occluded on histological examination, while that on the right was obviously patent. The clips were completely across and correctly applied at right angles to the isthmic regions with no other adjacent structures included: the hinges were apparently intact and the springs were fully engaged. Most reported cases of pregnancy when clips were thought to have been correctly applied (although such application is rarely confirmed by further study) occur within 11 months of the primary procedure, suggesting failure of @entity1 to be the cause, rather than recanalization. It is believed that this pregnant case is the 1st reported in which failure to occlude a tube has been followed by careful assessment of the anatomical correctness of application and histological examination of the clipped portions of both tubes. The case demonstrates that even when clips are correctly applied, with careful exclusion of adjacent nontubal structures, and at a time unrelated to pregnancy, there is still no visible evidence of @entity1 such as that seen after ring or coagulation procedures. While it is possible that the clip mechanism itself was at fault, both clips were completely locked over their respective tubes, and one had produced absolute histological obliteration of the lumen. Failure of the clip method, however rare, may therefore be entirely unpredictable. It appears that further evaluation of clip application is indicated in view of this failure with anatomically normal, nonpregnant tubes.

title: Clip sterilization--failure of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Interviewing some 350,000 @entity0 in 42 developing countries and 20 developed countries representing nearly 40% of the world's population, the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is in a unique position to document the historic 1970s slowdown in global population growth. This Bulletin describes efforts begun in 1972 to ensure high quality, internationally comparable, accessible data, the data's importance for policymakers, planners and researchers, and major findings available by early 1982 from directly assisted @entity2 surveys in 29 developing countries and contraceptive use data from @entity2 -type surveys in 16 developed countries. Marital fertility has declined in all developing regions except Africa but still averages from 4.6 @entity0 / @entity0 in Latin America to 6.7 in Africa, while preferred family size ranges from 3.0 @entity0 in @entity1 to 8.9 in Senegal--far above the average 2.2-2.5 @entity0 / @entity0 needed to end developing countries' population growth in the long run. However, @entity0 ages 15-19 prefer nearly 2 @entity0 fewer than the oldest @entity0 ages 45-49; 3.8 vs. 5.7 on the average. Nearly 1/2 (48%) of married @entity0 surveyed in 27 countreis said they wanted no more @entity0 . Preventing all unwanted births would reduce birth rates up to 15 births/1000 population in these countries. Overall, 32% of married, fecund @entity0 in developing countries are using contraception compared to an average 72% in 16 developed countries. Education, literacy, and more available family planning services increase contraceptive use. Age at marriage is rising in Asia, but this factor alone has little effect on fertility. @entity0 mortality is higher in many developing countries than previously thought. Breastfeeding is an important restraint on fertility in most developing countries but is declining among more educated, employed, and urban @entity0 which could raise fertility if not compensated for by gains in contraceptive use.

title: The XXXX : charting global childbearing.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The author, who helped develop the OMGA IUD in 1966, presents data on the effectiveness and tolerance of the OMGA @entity2 IUD. From July 1980-February 1982, 180 insertions were done, yielding a total of 2302 months of use through May 1982. 26 OOT, 78 OT, 67 IT, and 9 2T devices were included. There were 19 expulsions, 1 removal for metrorragia, 4 pregnancies, 1 @entity1 ( @entity3 ). Minor problems associated with IUD use were not considered. The Pearl index of 2.08% was higher than that obtained in 1970 with inert OMGA IUDs. The same findings were noted at endometrial biopsies after 1 year of use of OMGA @entity2 devices as had been found with the inert devices. The number of expulsions (10.55% on average for the 4 models) was significant, despite precautions to adjust IUDs to the uterine cavity. The proportion of expulsions varied from 3.84% for the OOT and OT, 16.66% for the IT, to 22.22% for the 2T. In addition, 2 2T IUDs rotated 90 degrees 6 months after insertion, but without requiring removal. No pregnancies occurred with the OOT, 2 with the OT, 1 in a 36-year old @entity0 after 15 months and 1 in a 39-year old @entity0 after 7 months; 2 with the IT, 1 in a 36-year old after 7 months and 1 in a 43-year old after 16 months. No uterine pregnancies occurred with the 2T but ectopic pregnancy occurred in a 45-year old @entity0 after 4 months. It is hazardous to predict the in vivo experience of OMGA @entity2 devices based on in vitro experiments, but it appears that after the disappearance of the @entity2 the device becomes an inert OMGA and may be left in place for several years without problems for @entity0 over 40.

title: [OMGA XXXX : prescribe or proscribe (author's transl) (letter)].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Several studies have reported on the appearance of cutaneous porphyria in @entity0 treated with @entity1 . This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) on levels of @entity3 in urine in nonporphyric @entity0 . 30 @entity0 aged 21-40 and on OCs were observed as the study group, and 10 @entity0 using other contraceptive methods were observed as the control group. Urinary @entity3 were measured by the Remington method. Levels of urinary @entity4 and of urinary @entity5 were higher in the study group than in the control group. These differences, however, are not statistically significant. To study the effect of duration of OC treatment, @entity0 who had taken OCs for 3-6 months and @entity0 who had taken OCs for longer than 6 months were observed, and the means of urinary @entity4 and @entity5 measured. Again, the differences were found to be insignificant, although slightly higher values of urinary @entity4 were obtained for @entity0 who had been on OCs for a longer period. These results compare favorably with others reported in the published literature. It can be concluded that OC treatment has no significant bearing on @entity2 metabolism.

title: Effect of oral contraceptives on urinary XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The widespread use of abdominal imaging has led to increased detection of @entity1 . The significance of these masses, as well as the optimal management approach to treatment, has generated some controversy regarding further evaluation and therapy. METHODS: The authors reviewed the literature regarding the evaluation and management of these masses, particularly @entity2 . Based on their institutional experience, they propose a diagnostic, evaluation, and management algorithm for treating @entity3 . RESULTS: Appearance and clinical history should indicate how to perform the biochemical evaluation, keeping in mind that the presence of @entity4 must be ruled out. Radiological evaluation by CT or MRI provides useful parameters to identify malignant lesions. Surgery is indicated for masses that are larger than 5 cm in diameter or suspected of @entity1 . Fine-needle aspiration biopsy should be used when other extra-adrenal @entity1 are suspected and after @entity4 has been ruled out. CONCLUSIONS: Careful analysis of each @entity3 is essential to effectively avoid potential problems. Guidelines to manage @entity0 with @entity3 are needed.

title: Evaluation and management of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 induced by @entity1 may alter transmitral blood flow, but this reflects global ventricular function, and pseudonormalization may occur with increased preload. Tissue Doppler may assess regional diastolic function and is relatively load-independent, but limited data exist regarding its application to stress testing. We sought to examine the stress response of regional diastolic parameters to @entity3 echocardiography (DbE). METHODS: Sixty-three @entity0 underwent study with DbE: 20 with low probability of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and 43 with @entity4 who underwent angiography. A standard DbE protocol was used, and segments were categorized as @entity1 , scar, or normal. Color tissue Doppler was acquired at baseline and peak stress, and waveforms in the basal and mid segments were used to measure early filling (Em), late filling (Am), and E deceleration time. Significant @entity4 was defined by stenoses >50% vessel diameter. RESULTS: Diastolic parameters had limited feasibility because of merging of Em and Am waves at high heart rates and limited reproducibility. Nonetheless, compared with normal segments, segments subtended with significant stenoses showed a lower Em velocity at rest (6.2 +/- 2.6 cm/s vs 4.8 +/- 2.2 cm/s, P <.0001) and peak (7.5 +/- 4.2 cm/s vs 5.1 +/- 3.6 cm/s, P <.0001). Abnormal segments also showed a shorter E deceleration time (51 +/- 27 ms vs 41 +/- 27 ms, P =.0001) at base and peak. No changes were documented in Am. The same pattern was seen with segments identified as @entity1 with wall motion score. However, in the absence of @entity1 , segments of @entity0 with @entity5 showed a lower Em velocity, with blunted Em responses to stress. CONCLUSION: Regional diastolic function is sensitive to @entity1 . However, a number of practical limitations limit the applicability of diastolic parameters for the quantification of stress echocardiography.

title: Determinants of tissue Doppler measures of regional diastolic function during XXXX stress echocardiography.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: The number of examined lymph nodes (NLN) was associated with survival of stages II and III @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . Guidelines recommend examining at least 12 lymph nodes. This study investigated the influence of surgical specimen length on lymph node harvest and compliance with international guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This population-based study included 4,724 cases of surgically treated @entity2 that were diagnosed from 2002 to 2008. Multivariate analyses were performed for the main study variables (age, gender, diagnosis at screening or in symptomatic @entity0 , @entity1 site, staging, grading, number of positive nodes, neo-adjuvant treatment for @entity1 , hospital were surgery was performed). Fractional polynomial models investigated the relationship between continuous variables and outcomes. RESULTS: The NLN increased over time reaching >= 12 NLN in 64% of cases at the end of the study period. More NLN were associated with young age, right @entity3 , @entity4 -T4 disease, stages II and III and high grade. Fewer NLN were associated with short surgical specimen length and neo-adjuvant treatment in @entity1 @entity0 . Use of laparoscopy increased sharply over time. CONCLUSIONS: NLN increased over time in accordance with international guidelines. Surgical specimen length correlated with NLN which may determine therapeutic choices, particularly in @entity1 . When harvested lymph nodes are under 10 in number and all are negative, chemotherapy is always recommended. As specimen lengths <20  cm were associated with a high risk of inadequate NLN counts, @entity0 are at risk of over-treatment.

title: Linking surgical specimen length and examined lymph nodes in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: The number of examined lymph nodes (NLN) was associated with survival of stages II and III @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . Guidelines recommend examining at least 12 lymph nodes. This study investigated the influence of surgical specimen length on lymph node harvest and compliance with international guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This population-based study included 4,724 cases of surgically treated @entity2 that were diagnosed from 2002 to 2008. Multivariate analyses were performed for the main study variables (age, gender, diagnosis at screening or in symptomatic @entity0 , @entity1 site, staging, grading, number of positive nodes, neo-adjuvant treatment for @entity1 , hospital were surgery was performed). Fractional polynomial models investigated the relationship between continuous variables and outcomes. RESULTS: The NLN increased over time reaching >= 12 NLN in 64% of cases at the end of the study period. More NLN were associated with young age, right @entity3 , @entity4 -T4 disease, stages II and III and high grade. Fewer NLN were associated with short surgical specimen length and neo-adjuvant treatment in @entity1 @entity0 . Use of laparoscopy increased sharply over time. CONCLUSIONS: NLN increased over time in accordance with international guidelines. Surgical specimen length correlated with NLN which may determine therapeutic choices, particularly in @entity1 . When harvested lymph nodes are under 10 in number and all are negative, chemotherapy is always recommended. As specimen lengths <20  cm were associated with a high risk of inadequate NLN counts, @entity0 are at risk of over-treatment.

title: Linking surgical specimen length and examined lymph nodes in @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We report on an elderly @entity0 with a @entity3 forming a huge mass in the heart. An 82-year-old @entity0 became aware of general fatigue and a cough in August 1999. Her right supraclavicular, bilateral axillary, and right inguinal lymph nodes were swollen. A hypodermical mass in the right frontal chest was detected. Her left axillary lymph node was biopsied. She was diagnosed as having @entity8 , diffuse large cell type, B-cell type. Computed tomography scans showed a markedly thickened right ventricular wall of the heart, swollen lymph nodes of the mediastinum, bilateral @entity5 , and a @entity1 in the spleen. @entity3 cells were found in the @entity5 , and the @entity3 was diagnosed as clinical stage IV. @entity7 of the heart, ejection fraction (EF) 49%, was demonstrated with transthoracic echocardiography. EF increased to 70% after 3 courses of chemotherapy with @entity9 regimen. All @entity2 disappeared after 6 courses of chemotherapy were completed. After consolidative radiotherapy with a total dose of 37 Gy to the mediastinum and heart, bilateral @entity5 , elevation of the @entity0 's @entity4 dehydrogenase level and soluble @entity6 receptor value were recognized, which suggested relapse of the @entity3 , although histopathological confirmation could not be realized.

title: [An elderly @entity8 XXXX with a massive @entity1 of the heart].

answer: @entity0


abstract: We report on an elderly @entity0 with a @entity3 forming a huge mass in the heart. An 82-year-old @entity0 became aware of general fatigue and a cough in August 1999. Her right supraclavicular, bilateral axillary, and right inguinal lymph nodes were swollen. A hypodermical mass in the right frontal chest was detected. Her left axillary lymph node was biopsied. She was diagnosed as having @entity8 , diffuse large cell type, B-cell type. Computed tomography scans showed a markedly thickened right ventricular wall of the heart, swollen lymph nodes of the mediastinum, bilateral @entity5 , and a @entity1 in the spleen. @entity3 cells were found in the @entity5 , and the @entity3 was diagnosed as clinical stage IV. @entity7 of the heart, ejection fraction (EF) 49%, was demonstrated with transthoracic echocardiography. EF increased to 70% after 3 courses of chemotherapy with @entity9 regimen. All @entity2 disappeared after 6 courses of chemotherapy were completed. After consolidative radiotherapy with a total dose of 37 Gy to the mediastinum and heart, bilateral @entity5 , elevation of the @entity0 's @entity4 dehydrogenase level and soluble @entity6 receptor value were recognized, which suggested relapse of the @entity3 , although histopathological confirmation could not be realized.

title: [An elderly @entity8 @entity0 with a massive XXXX of the heart].

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report on an elderly @entity0 with a @entity3 forming a huge mass in the heart. An 82-year-old @entity0 became aware of general fatigue and a cough in August 1999. Her right supraclavicular, bilateral axillary, and right inguinal lymph nodes were swollen. A hypodermical mass in the right frontal chest was detected. Her left axillary lymph node was biopsied. She was diagnosed as having @entity8 , diffuse large cell type, B-cell type. Computed tomography scans showed a markedly thickened right ventricular wall of the heart, swollen lymph nodes of the mediastinum, bilateral @entity5 , and a @entity1 in the spleen. @entity3 cells were found in the @entity5 , and the @entity3 was diagnosed as clinical stage IV. @entity7 of the heart, ejection fraction (EF) 49%, was demonstrated with transthoracic echocardiography. EF increased to 70% after 3 courses of chemotherapy with @entity9 regimen. All @entity2 disappeared after 6 courses of chemotherapy were completed. After consolidative radiotherapy with a total dose of 37 Gy to the mediastinum and heart, bilateral @entity5 , elevation of the @entity0 's @entity4 dehydrogenase level and soluble @entity6 receptor value were recognized, which suggested relapse of the @entity3 , although histopathological confirmation could not be realized.

title: [An elderly XXXX @entity0 with a massive @entity1 of the heart].

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: Lymph node positive (pN+) @entity3 after radical prostatectomy has wide variability in long-term oncologic outcomes. We present a large institutional series with extended followup to create an oncologic risk stratification system that clarifies the prognostic heterogeneity for @entity0 with pN+ disease after radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 with pN+ @entity3 after radical prostatectomy during 1987 to 2012 were included in the study. Regression models were created to identify significant predictors of biochemical recurrence, @entity1 , @entity2 specific mortality and overall mortality. A @entity2 specific mortality risk score was then created and internally validated to stratify @entity0 in terms of risk of @entity2 specific mortality. RESULTS: For our cohort of 1,011 @entity0 with a median followup of 17.6 years the 20-year rate of @entity2 specific mortality was 31%. On multivariate Cox regression modeling 3 or more positive nodes (HR 1.75, p=0.003), pathological Gleason score 7 vs 6 (HR 1.74, p=0.04) and 8-10 vs 6 (HR 2.63, p=0.001), and positive surgical margins (HR 1.96, p=0.001) were significantly associated with increased @entity2 specific mortality, while adjuvant radiotherapy (HR 0.40, p=0.008) was associated with decreased @entity2 specific mortality. A @entity2 specific mortality risk score was then created using these 4 variables to stratify @entity0 with markedly different prognoses, yielding 20-year @entity2 specific mortality rates of 19.1% vs 34% vs 46% (p <0.001) for low, intermediate and high risk categories, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of @entity0 with pN+ @entity3 varied significantly after radical prostatectomy. A risk score created using the number of positive nodes, pathological Gleason score, margin status and adjuvant radiotherapy status successfully separated @entity0 into low, intermediate and high risk groups.

title: Risk Stratification of pN+ XXXX after Radical Prostatectomy from a Large Single Institutional Series with Long-Term Followup.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enucleoresection is defined as presence of a minimal paratumor parenchyma that allows for clear visualization of the @entity1 's contours during @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Because there is variability in published reports regarding resection techniques during @entity5 before the surface-intermediate-base (SIB) margin score reporting system, the association between postoperative outcomes and resection techniques are rarely reported. This study was designed to compare the perioperative, oncologic, and functional outcomes between laparoscopic enucleoresection (LER) (SIB score 1  +  1  +  1  =  3) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (SIB score 1  +  2  +  2  =  5). METHODS: Data from 270 consecutive @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic @entity5 for single T1 @entity4 at 3 medical centers were prospectively collected. Propensity score matching was performed on age, gender, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), @entity1 size, RENAL nephrometry score, Charlson score, and solitary kidney status. Normal parenchyma width of each @entity0 was evaluated right after the surgery, and SIB score was assigned retrospectively. Ninety-eight matched @entity0 undergoing LER or @entity5 were compared for perioperative, oncologic, and functional outcomes. RESULTS: After matching, warm @entity2 time (WIT) and operative time were significantly shorter in LER than @entity5 group (20.8 vs. 23.8  min, P  =  0.003 and 130.8 vs. 152.1  min, P  =  0.005, respectively). Estimated @entity3 (EBL) also was lower in LER than @entity5 group (50 vs. 90  mL, P  =  0.045). Complication rates, positive surgical margin rates, and local recurrence rates were comparable between groups (P  =  0.3, P  =  0.62, and P  =  1.0, respectively). At last follow-up, the eGFRs also were comparable in both groups (P  =  0.6). CONCLUSIONS: LER has similar oncologic, functional outcomes and complication rates with the advantage of a shorter WIT, operative time, and lower EBL compared with @entity5 .

title: Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for T1 XXXX : Comparison of Two Resection Techniques in a Multi-institutional Propensity Score-Matching Analysis.

answer: @entity4