abstract: How @entity4 stimulate enteroendocrine cells to release @entity6 ( @entity7 ) is largely unknown. Recently, we proposed that the @entity0 enteroendocrine cell line, @entity9 , responds to insoluble @entity3 aggregates rather than @entity3 monomers in solution. This hypothesis led to two testable predictions. First, other insoluble particles of similar size but unrelated to @entity3 may be able to stimulate @entity9 cells in a similar fashion to @entity8 and second, @entity3 sensing in @entity9 cells should be fairly insensitive to chemical modifications of the @entity3 as long as these modifications do not greatly alter the ability of the molecule to form insoluble aggregates. We used several analogues of @entity8 and several varieties of latex microsphere (varying in size and surface charge) to see whether the predictions of our model hold. We found that while there was at least one latex microsphere that could induce @entity7 secretion and @entity1 mobilisation in @entity9 cells, there was a very poor correlation between the presence of insoluble aggregates and a cellular response. Instead the most important property, determining the potency of @entity3 analogues as stimulants of @entity7 secretion, was their amphipathicity. Removal of either the polar head or lipophilic tail completely abolished the ability of a given @entity3 analogue to stimulate @entity9 cells. These data suggested that while @entity4 can stimulate cells as aggregates, they may also be acting in monomeric form with the oil:water partitioning coefficient playing a crucial role. We finally resolved this issue with the observation that the @entity2 ion greatly altered the response of @entity9 cells to monomeric @entity8 . In the presence of @entity2 , @entity9 cells will only respond to @entity8 aggregates whereas when @entity2 is replaced with @entity5 the cells clearly respond to @entity8 monomers which are completely in solution. In summary, we propose that @entity8 can stimulate @entity9 cells via two separate pathways one involving @entity3 monomers in solution and one involving @entity3 aggregates. Which pathway dominates depends on the presence of @entity2 in the extracellular medium.

title: @entity1 mobilisation and @entity7 secretion induced by modified @entity4 and latex microspheres reveal dual receptor mechanisms for lipid stimulation of XXXX cells.

answer: @entity9


abstract: How @entity4 stimulate enteroendocrine cells to release @entity6 ( @entity7 ) is largely unknown. Recently, we proposed that the @entity0 enteroendocrine cell line, @entity9 , responds to insoluble @entity3 aggregates rather than @entity3 monomers in solution. This hypothesis led to two testable predictions. First, other insoluble particles of similar size but unrelated to @entity3 may be able to stimulate @entity9 cells in a similar fashion to @entity8 and second, @entity3 sensing in @entity9 cells should be fairly insensitive to chemical modifications of the @entity3 as long as these modifications do not greatly alter the ability of the molecule to form insoluble aggregates. We used several analogues of @entity8 and several varieties of latex microsphere (varying in size and surface charge) to see whether the predictions of our model hold. We found that while there was at least one latex microsphere that could induce @entity7 secretion and @entity1 mobilisation in @entity9 cells, there was a very poor correlation between the presence of insoluble aggregates and a cellular response. Instead the most important property, determining the potency of @entity3 analogues as stimulants of @entity7 secretion, was their amphipathicity. Removal of either the polar head or lipophilic tail completely abolished the ability of a given @entity3 analogue to stimulate @entity9 cells. These data suggested that while @entity4 can stimulate cells as aggregates, they may also be acting in monomeric form with the oil:water partitioning coefficient playing a crucial role. We finally resolved this issue with the observation that the @entity2 ion greatly altered the response of @entity9 cells to monomeric @entity8 . In the presence of @entity2 , @entity9 cells will only respond to @entity8 aggregates whereas when @entity2 is replaced with @entity5 the cells clearly respond to @entity8 monomers which are completely in solution. In summary, we propose that @entity8 can stimulate @entity9 cells via two separate pathways one involving @entity3 monomers in solution and one involving @entity3 aggregates. Which pathway dominates depends on the presence of @entity2 in the extracellular medium.

title: XXXX mobilisation and @entity7 secretion induced by modified @entity4 and latex microspheres reveal dual receptor mechanisms for lipid stimulation of @entity9 cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: How @entity4 stimulate enteroendocrine cells to release @entity6 ( @entity7 ) is largely unknown. Recently, we proposed that the @entity0 enteroendocrine cell line, @entity9 , responds to insoluble @entity3 aggregates rather than @entity3 monomers in solution. This hypothesis led to two testable predictions. First, other insoluble particles of similar size but unrelated to @entity3 may be able to stimulate @entity9 cells in a similar fashion to @entity8 and second, @entity3 sensing in @entity9 cells should be fairly insensitive to chemical modifications of the @entity3 as long as these modifications do not greatly alter the ability of the molecule to form insoluble aggregates. We used several analogues of @entity8 and several varieties of latex microsphere (varying in size and surface charge) to see whether the predictions of our model hold. We found that while there was at least one latex microsphere that could induce @entity7 secretion and @entity1 mobilisation in @entity9 cells, there was a very poor correlation between the presence of insoluble aggregates and a cellular response. Instead the most important property, determining the potency of @entity3 analogues as stimulants of @entity7 secretion, was their amphipathicity. Removal of either the polar head or lipophilic tail completely abolished the ability of a given @entity3 analogue to stimulate @entity9 cells. These data suggested that while @entity4 can stimulate cells as aggregates, they may also be acting in monomeric form with the oil:water partitioning coefficient playing a crucial role. We finally resolved this issue with the observation that the @entity2 ion greatly altered the response of @entity9 cells to monomeric @entity8 . In the presence of @entity2 , @entity9 cells will only respond to @entity8 aggregates whereas when @entity2 is replaced with @entity5 the cells clearly respond to @entity8 monomers which are completely in solution. In summary, we propose that @entity8 can stimulate @entity9 cells via two separate pathways one involving @entity3 monomers in solution and one involving @entity3 aggregates. Which pathway dominates depends on the presence of @entity2 in the extracellular medium.

title: @entity1 mobilisation and XXXX secretion induced by modified @entity4 and latex microspheres reveal dual receptor mechanisms for lipid stimulation of @entity9 cells.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Vertical climbing is central to the locomotor and foraging strategies of the great apes and, indeed, to theories about the evolution of locomotor specialisations of hominoid primates. Nevertheless, its kinematics have yet to be fully evaluated. Here, we present spatio-temporal parameters of 80 climbing sequences containing 560 limb cycles obtained from video recordings of captive, rehabilitant and wild Sumatran @entity2 ( @entity3 ). Gait parameters such as cycle duration, duty factor, laterality of footfalls, relative stride length and normalised speed were analysed to identify the influence of body size (through an intraspecific comparison of age/sex classes), the influence of the environment (through an intraspecific comparison of animals living in different habitats) and the influence of morphology (through an interspecific comparison with the climbing characteristics of other primates) on climbing ability in @entity2 . Results show that there are only few differences between the climbing of wild, rehabilitant and captive individuals. Cycle duration is longer and speed is lower for the wild individuals than for other groups due to the complexity of their environment and lack of familiarity with each substrate, which results in a more cautious gait. Sex/age-related differences in climbing were found to be small, although juveniles generally exhibited a shorter cycle duration and lower duty factor than other groups. The spatio-temporal gait parameters of adult females carrying @entity0 were not found to differ significantly from those for females without an @entity0 , which suggests that climbing kinematics are not affected by the presence of a clinging @entity0 . Extended-elbow vertical climbing is primarily characterised by a higher duty factor than flexed-elbow climbing, indicating that the former is an energetically more demanding form of locomotion. In comparison with other primates, @entity2 exhibit a longer cycle duration, longer strides but lower climbing speed, reflecting a compromise between the demands of a large body mass and @entity1 .

title: Gait parameters in vertical climbing of captive, rehabilitant and wild Sumatran @entity2 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: Vertical climbing is central to the locomotor and foraging strategies of the great apes and, indeed, to theories about the evolution of locomotor specialisations of hominoid primates. Nevertheless, its kinematics have yet to be fully evaluated. Here, we present spatio-temporal parameters of 80 climbing sequences containing 560 limb cycles obtained from video recordings of captive, rehabilitant and wild Sumatran @entity2 ( @entity3 ). Gait parameters such as cycle duration, duty factor, laterality of footfalls, relative stride length and normalised speed were analysed to identify the influence of body size (through an intraspecific comparison of age/sex classes), the influence of the environment (through an intraspecific comparison of animals living in different habitats) and the influence of morphology (through an interspecific comparison with the climbing characteristics of other primates) on climbing ability in @entity2 . Results show that there are only few differences between the climbing of wild, rehabilitant and captive individuals. Cycle duration is longer and speed is lower for the wild individuals than for other groups due to the complexity of their environment and lack of familiarity with each substrate, which results in a more cautious gait. Sex/age-related differences in climbing were found to be small, although juveniles generally exhibited a shorter cycle duration and lower duty factor than other groups. The spatio-temporal gait parameters of adult females carrying @entity0 were not found to differ significantly from those for females without an @entity0 , which suggests that climbing kinematics are not affected by the presence of a clinging @entity0 . Extended-elbow vertical climbing is primarily characterised by a higher duty factor than flexed-elbow climbing, indicating that the former is an energetically more demanding form of locomotion. In comparison with other primates, @entity2 exhibit a longer cycle duration, longer strides but lower climbing speed, reflecting a compromise between the demands of a large body mass and @entity1 .

title: Gait parameters in vertical climbing of captive, rehabilitant and wild Sumatran XXXX ( @entity3 ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: The multi-faceted components of the @entity4 now include markers of @entity2 and endothelial activation. Despite this growing body of epidemiological data, standard statistical methods fail to evaluate the nature of these associations adequately. In this pilot study, we hypothesize that @entity1 may lead to endothelial activation which is in part mediated by dyslipidaemia and proinflammatory cytokines. These factors interact to give rise to hyperinsulinaemia, @entity3 and an anti-fibrinolytic state. To test this hypothesis, we used confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling to fit these data to a model designed on theoretical grounds. METHODS: @entity4 variables, cytokines ( @entity6 and @entity5 ), markers of @entity2 and endothelial activation were measured in 107 Caucasian non-diabetic subjects aged 40-75 y. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we identified six factors to represent composite measurements of blood pressure, @entity1 , dyslipidaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, endothelial activation and the anti-fibrinolytic state. We fitted these variables to two separate models, one using @entity6 and the other @entity5 as the cytokine, and examined the inter-relationships (path analysis) amongst these variables, based on the above hypothesis. RESULTS: @entity0 were centrally more @entity1 and had increased markers of endothelial activation, @entity2 and the anti-fibrinolytic state as well as hyperinsulinaemia and dyslipidaemia, compared with @entity0 . Obesity indexes (both body mass index and waist-hip ratio) were strongly associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Both @entity6 and @entity5 were correlated with age, male gender, @entity1 indexes and markers of endothelial activation. Only @entity6 was associated with smoking while @entity5 was correlated with hyperinsulinaemia. In the @entity5 model, 61% of the @entity1 variance was explained by male gender, 36% of @entity5 variance by age and dyslipidaemia, 43% of dyslipidaemia variance by age and @entity1 , 33% of hyperinsulinaemia variance by dyslipidaemia and a non-smoking state, 29% of anti-fibrinolytic state variance by hyperinsulinaemia, 65% of endothelial activation variance by @entity5 , dyslipidaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, 34% of blood pressure variance by hyperinsulinaemia and endothelial activation. In the @entity6 model, we observed similar relationships except that 23% of @entity6 variance was explained by smoking and age. CONCLUSIONS: Using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling, we found that @entity1 , @entity7 and cytokines were the principal explanatory variables for the various components of the @entity4 , with @entity6 and @entity5 having different explanatory variables and effects. These complex inter-relationships were in part mediated by hyperinsulinaemia and endothelial activation. While this hypothetical model was based on scientific evidence, supported by rigorous analysis, it requires further confirmation in large-scale prospective studies. Given the complexity of the biological system and its interactions with exogenous factors, structural equation modelling provides a useful scientific tool for hypothesis testing, complementary to the more traditional experimental and cohort studies.

title: The central roles of XXXX -associated dyslipidaemia, endothelial activation and cytokines in the Metabolic Syndrome--an analysis by structural equation modelling.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report a 71-year-old @entity0 with @entity1 who showed high serum LDH and urinary disturbance for one year before manifesting @entity4 . High serum LDH was found at a health check at age 70. Two months later, he had an onset of backache and urinary retention. MRI of the spinal cord was unremarkable. One year later, he showed decline of mental activities and was admitted to our hospital. He was agitated and confused. However @entity3 or @entity5 was not noted. The MRI of the brain showed T2-high signal in bilateral occipital, right temporal lobe and the left insular cortices. The abdominal CT scan showed swelling of the adrenals on both sides. Adrenal biopsy revealed diffuse large @entity10 . He developed @entity7 and he died two months after the admission. Post mortem examination revealed intravascular and extravascular proliferation of @entity8 cells in most of the internal organs including adrenals, spleen, liver and the kidneys. In the brain, the laminar @entity2 was seen in the left occipital cortex and hemorrhagic @entity9 were noted in the insular and temporal cortices and the medial temporal cortex. Sacral spinal cord showed @entity2 of the gray matters and loss of myelinated fibers in the white matter. Intravascular proliferation of the @entity8 cells were also seen in the vessels of the brain and the spinal cord. This @entity0 suggests the importance of survey for @entity1 , when high serum LDH and @entity6 of @entity11 are seen.

title: [A @entity0 with XXXX presenting subacute @entity4 one year after sustained urinary retention and high serum LDH activity from the onset].

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report a 71-year-old @entity0 with @entity1 who showed high serum LDH and urinary disturbance for one year before manifesting @entity4 . High serum LDH was found at a health check at age 70. Two months later, he had an onset of backache and urinary retention. MRI of the spinal cord was unremarkable. One year later, he showed decline of mental activities and was admitted to our hospital. He was agitated and confused. However @entity3 or @entity5 was not noted. The MRI of the brain showed T2-high signal in bilateral occipital, right temporal lobe and the left insular cortices. The abdominal CT scan showed swelling of the adrenals on both sides. Adrenal biopsy revealed diffuse large @entity10 . He developed @entity7 and he died two months after the admission. Post mortem examination revealed intravascular and extravascular proliferation of @entity8 cells in most of the internal organs including adrenals, spleen, liver and the kidneys. In the brain, the laminar @entity2 was seen in the left occipital cortex and hemorrhagic @entity9 were noted in the insular and temporal cortices and the medial temporal cortex. Sacral spinal cord showed @entity2 of the gray matters and loss of myelinated fibers in the white matter. Intravascular proliferation of the @entity8 cells were also seen in the vessels of the brain and the spinal cord. This @entity0 suggests the importance of survey for @entity1 , when high serum LDH and @entity6 of @entity11 are seen.

title: [A @entity0 with @entity1 presenting subacute XXXX one year after sustained urinary retention and high serum LDH activity from the onset].

answer: @entity4


abstract: We report a 71-year-old @entity0 with @entity1 who showed high serum LDH and urinary disturbance for one year before manifesting @entity4 . High serum LDH was found at a health check at age 70. Two months later, he had an onset of backache and urinary retention. MRI of the spinal cord was unremarkable. One year later, he showed decline of mental activities and was admitted to our hospital. He was agitated and confused. However @entity3 or @entity5 was not noted. The MRI of the brain showed T2-high signal in bilateral occipital, right temporal lobe and the left insular cortices. The abdominal CT scan showed swelling of the adrenals on both sides. Adrenal biopsy revealed diffuse large @entity10 . He developed @entity7 and he died two months after the admission. Post mortem examination revealed intravascular and extravascular proliferation of @entity8 cells in most of the internal organs including adrenals, spleen, liver and the kidneys. In the brain, the laminar @entity2 was seen in the left occipital cortex and hemorrhagic @entity9 were noted in the insular and temporal cortices and the medial temporal cortex. Sacral spinal cord showed @entity2 of the gray matters and loss of myelinated fibers in the white matter. Intravascular proliferation of the @entity8 cells were also seen in the vessels of the brain and the spinal cord. This @entity0 suggests the importance of survey for @entity1 , when high serum LDH and @entity6 of @entity11 are seen.

title: [A XXXX with @entity1 presenting subacute @entity4 one year after sustained urinary retention and high serum LDH activity from the onset].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 over 1,000 mg/dl can provoke @entity4 and its persistence can worsen the clinical outcome. On the contrary, a rapid decrease in @entity2 level is beneficial. Plasmapheresis has been performed in some @entity0 to remove chylomicrons from the circulation, while heparin and/or @entity9 have been administered in some other cases to rapidly reduce blood @entity7 . Heparin and @entity9 stimulate lipoprotein-lipase activity and accelerate chylomicron degradation. AIM: To report five @entity0 with @entity4 treated with heparin and @entity9 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Five @entity0 (4 females and 1 male) seen in the last two years, who suffered @entity4 induced by @entity8 are reported. Initial blood @entity2 levels were above 1,000 mg/dl (range 1,590-8,690 mg/dl). Besides the usual treatment of @entity4 , heparin and/or @entity9 were administered intravenously in continuous infusion. Heparin dose was guided by usual parameters of @entity6 , and @entity9 dose, by serial determinations of blood @entity3 . @entity1 was demonstrated in 4 patients. RESULTS: Serum @entity2 levels decreased to < 500 mg/dl within 3 days in all cases. No complication of treatment was observed and all @entity0 survived. Early and late complications of @entity5 occurred in one @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Administration of heparin and/or @entity9 is an efficient alternative to reduce @entity2 levels in @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity8 .

title: [heparin and @entity9 treatment of @entity4 caused by XXXX . Experience of 5 cases].

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 over 1,000 mg/dl can provoke @entity4 and its persistence can worsen the clinical outcome. On the contrary, a rapid decrease in @entity2 level is beneficial. Plasmapheresis has been performed in some @entity0 to remove chylomicrons from the circulation, while heparin and/or @entity9 have been administered in some other cases to rapidly reduce blood @entity7 . Heparin and @entity9 stimulate lipoprotein-lipase activity and accelerate chylomicron degradation. AIM: To report five @entity0 with @entity4 treated with heparin and @entity9 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Five @entity0 (4 females and 1 male) seen in the last two years, who suffered @entity4 induced by @entity8 are reported. Initial blood @entity2 levels were above 1,000 mg/dl (range 1,590-8,690 mg/dl). Besides the usual treatment of @entity4 , heparin and/or @entity9 were administered intravenously in continuous infusion. Heparin dose was guided by usual parameters of @entity6 , and @entity9 dose, by serial determinations of blood @entity3 . @entity1 was demonstrated in 4 patients. RESULTS: Serum @entity2 levels decreased to < 500 mg/dl within 3 days in all cases. No complication of treatment was observed and all @entity0 survived. Early and late complications of @entity5 occurred in one @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Administration of heparin and/or @entity9 is an efficient alternative to reduce @entity2 levels in @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity8 .

title: [heparin and @entity9 treatment of XXXX caused by @entity8 . Experience of 5 cases].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 over 1,000 mg/dl can provoke @entity4 and its persistence can worsen the clinical outcome. On the contrary, a rapid decrease in @entity2 level is beneficial. Plasmapheresis has been performed in some @entity0 to remove chylomicrons from the circulation, while heparin and/or @entity9 have been administered in some other cases to rapidly reduce blood @entity7 . Heparin and @entity9 stimulate lipoprotein-lipase activity and accelerate chylomicron degradation. AIM: To report five @entity0 with @entity4 treated with heparin and @entity9 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Five @entity0 (4 females and 1 male) seen in the last two years, who suffered @entity4 induced by @entity8 are reported. Initial blood @entity2 levels were above 1,000 mg/dl (range 1,590-8,690 mg/dl). Besides the usual treatment of @entity4 , heparin and/or @entity9 were administered intravenously in continuous infusion. Heparin dose was guided by usual parameters of @entity6 , and @entity9 dose, by serial determinations of blood @entity3 . @entity1 was demonstrated in 4 patients. RESULTS: Serum @entity2 levels decreased to < 500 mg/dl within 3 days in all cases. No complication of treatment was observed and all @entity0 survived. Early and late complications of @entity5 occurred in one @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Administration of heparin and/or @entity9 is an efficient alternative to reduce @entity2 levels in @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity8 .

title: [heparin and XXXX treatment of @entity4 caused by @entity8 . Experience of 5 cases].

answer: @entity9


abstract: Short-term preoperative radiotherapy in combination with surgery has been shown to decrease the rate of local recurrence in @entity1 @entity0 . The effects of this type of radiotherapy on the histopathology of @entity2 has been hitherto unknown. Since various histopathological factors are associated with prognosis, the study of alterations induced by irradiation is an important issue. This paper examines the histopathology of resection specimens from 1306 @entity0 who were treated in a randomized trial that evaluated the benefits of preoperative radiotherapy. In this trial, @entity0 were treated with short-term radiotherapy (5 x 5 Gy) and operated on within 5 days after radiation. Histopathological parameters were determined by the Pathology Review Committee of the trial and we compared @entity1 of @entity0 with and without preoperative radiotherapy. Tumours of @entity0 who were treated with preoperative radiotherapy were smaller, more @entity2 (13% versus 7%, p < 0.001) and more often poorly differentiated (35% versus 24%, p<0.001). After radiotherapy, there was less inflammatory reaction around the @entity1 (extensive in 7% versus 18%, p<0.001), which was mainly caused by a decrease in T lymphocytes and neutrophil granulocytes. The fibroblastic reaction was more pronounced in the radiotherapy group (extensive in 22% versus 10%, p <0.001). Remarkable histological alterations occurred within a week after 5 days of @entity2 . The prognostic value of these factors therefore needs to be re-evaluated for irradiated @entity0 .

title: Short-term preoperative radiotherapy interferes with the determination of pathological parameters in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Maternal serum screening to identify fetal aneuploidies is now routinely offered during the second trimester of pregnancy in developed countries. The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the value of maternal serum screening between 15 and 20 weeks of gestation to detect fetal aneuploidies and to determine the false positive rate (FPR). Blood samples were collected from 1,062 pregnant @entity0 between 15 and 20 weeks of gestation. Samples were assayed for @entity1 ( @entity1 ), free beta @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and unconjugated @entity3 (uE3). Medians were established at each week from 200 normal, singleton pregnancies. Second trimester risk was calculated using the maternal age and different combinations of @entity1 , beta-hCG and uE3. Screening results calculated by likelihood ratio to be equal to or greater than 1:270 were considered positive. If the gestational age was confirmed by ultrasonography, genetic counselling and amniocentesis were offered. Ten fetal @entity2 were detected with maternal serum screening. Sample's size does not allow a correct detection rate estimation, but false positive rate (FPR) was found to be 6.5%. This FPR has a clinical application. At a cut-off of 1:270, second trimester screening best results were obtained using a combination of all three biochemical markers. These results confirm the efficacy of maternal serum screening for fetal @entity2 with a low FPR. The measurement of @entity1 , beta-hCG and uE3 is an effective prenatal screening test.

title: [Prenatal maternal blood screening for the detection of fetal XXXX : clinical importance of the rate of false positives].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the successful long-term use of @entity3 and @entity4 in treating @entity5 in a marine police officer. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The @entity0 sustained a work-related @entity1 fallen down stairs while on duty in 1990. After multiple operations for a prolapsed L5/S1 intervertebral disk, he was first seen at our @entity2 clinic in 1994. Numerous systemic medications, invasive procedures, physiotherapy and psychotherapy were used to treat his @entity2 , but without sustained effect. @entity3 was started in late 1995 and @entity4 in 2000. The current maintenance doses are @entity3 20 mg and @entity4 200 mg, both twice daily. Apart from some initial disruption, the @entity0 was soon able to return to full time work. Regular performance reports from his supervisors have always been excellent. CONCLUSION: The use of @entity3 in this police officer with @entity5 has been very successful despite the demanding nature of his job. The controversy surrounding, and further suggestions regarding long-term use of opioid therapy for non-malignant @entity2 are discussed.

title: Long-term therapy of chronic non-malignant XXXX with potent opioids in an active police officer.

answer: @entity2


abstract: It has been suggested that @entity3 -activated protein kinase ( @entity7 ) is involved in the regulation of @entity1 and glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle. We used @entity0 with chronic high muscle glycogen stores and deficient glycogenolysis ( @entity6 ) as a model to address this issue. Six @entity6 @entity0 were compared with control subjects during exercise. Muscle alpha2AMPK activity increased in @entity6 @entity0 (from 1.3 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.2 pmol min(-1) mg(-1), P = 0.05) but not in control subjects (from 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 1.3 +/- 0.3 pmol min(-1) mg(-1)). Exercise-induced phosphorylation of the in vivo @entity7 substrate @entity5 carboxylase (ACCbeta; Ser(221)) was higher (P < 0.01) in @entity6 @entity0 than in control subjects (18 +/- 3 vs. 10 +/- 1 arbitrary units). Exercise-induced whole-body @entity1 utilization was also higher in @entity6 @entity0 than in control subjects (P < 0.05). No correlation between individual @entity7 or ACCbeta values and @entity1 utilization was observed. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) activity was decreased in @entity6 @entity0 from 11 +/- 1.3 to 5 +/- 1.2 % (P < 0.05) and increased in control subjects from 19 +/- 1.6 to 23 +/- 2.3 % (P < 0.05) in response to exercise. This was not associated with activity changes of @entity4 kinase 3 or protein phosphatase 1, but the changes in @entity4 activity could be due to changes in activity of @entity7 or protein kinase A (PKA) as a negative correlation between either ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) or plasma @entity2 and @entity4 activity was observed. These findings suggest that @entity4 activity is increased by glycogen breakdown and decreased by @entity7 and possibly PKA activation and that the resultant @entity4 activity depends on the relative strengths of the various stimuli. Furthermore, @entity7 may be involved in the regulation of @entity1 utilization during exercise in @entity0 , although the lack of correlation between individual @entity7 activity or ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) values and individual @entity1 utilization during exercise implies that @entity7 may not be an essential regulator.

title: Role of XXXX -activated protein kinase in glycogen synthase activity and @entity1 utilization: insights from @entity0 with @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: It has been suggested that @entity3 -activated protein kinase ( @entity7 ) is involved in the regulation of @entity1 and glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle. We used @entity0 with chronic high muscle glycogen stores and deficient glycogenolysis ( @entity6 ) as a model to address this issue. Six @entity6 @entity0 were compared with control subjects during exercise. Muscle alpha2AMPK activity increased in @entity6 @entity0 (from 1.3 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.2 pmol min(-1) mg(-1), P = 0.05) but not in control subjects (from 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 1.3 +/- 0.3 pmol min(-1) mg(-1)). Exercise-induced phosphorylation of the in vivo @entity7 substrate @entity5 carboxylase (ACCbeta; Ser(221)) was higher (P < 0.01) in @entity6 @entity0 than in control subjects (18 +/- 3 vs. 10 +/- 1 arbitrary units). Exercise-induced whole-body @entity1 utilization was also higher in @entity6 @entity0 than in control subjects (P < 0.05). No correlation between individual @entity7 or ACCbeta values and @entity1 utilization was observed. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) activity was decreased in @entity6 @entity0 from 11 +/- 1.3 to 5 +/- 1.2 % (P < 0.05) and increased in control subjects from 19 +/- 1.6 to 23 +/- 2.3 % (P < 0.05) in response to exercise. This was not associated with activity changes of @entity4 kinase 3 or protein phosphatase 1, but the changes in @entity4 activity could be due to changes in activity of @entity7 or protein kinase A (PKA) as a negative correlation between either ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) or plasma @entity2 and @entity4 activity was observed. These findings suggest that @entity4 activity is increased by glycogen breakdown and decreased by @entity7 and possibly PKA activation and that the resultant @entity4 activity depends on the relative strengths of the various stimuli. Furthermore, @entity7 may be involved in the regulation of @entity1 utilization during exercise in @entity0 , although the lack of correlation between individual @entity7 activity or ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) values and individual @entity1 utilization during exercise implies that @entity7 may not be an essential regulator.

title: Role of @entity3 -activated protein kinase in glycogen synthase activity and @entity1 utilization: insights from @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: It has been suggested that @entity3 -activated protein kinase ( @entity7 ) is involved in the regulation of @entity1 and glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle. We used @entity0 with chronic high muscle glycogen stores and deficient glycogenolysis ( @entity6 ) as a model to address this issue. Six @entity6 @entity0 were compared with control subjects during exercise. Muscle alpha2AMPK activity increased in @entity6 @entity0 (from 1.3 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.2 pmol min(-1) mg(-1), P = 0.05) but not in control subjects (from 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 1.3 +/- 0.3 pmol min(-1) mg(-1)). Exercise-induced phosphorylation of the in vivo @entity7 substrate @entity5 carboxylase (ACCbeta; Ser(221)) was higher (P < 0.01) in @entity6 @entity0 than in control subjects (18 +/- 3 vs. 10 +/- 1 arbitrary units). Exercise-induced whole-body @entity1 utilization was also higher in @entity6 @entity0 than in control subjects (P < 0.05). No correlation between individual @entity7 or ACCbeta values and @entity1 utilization was observed. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) activity was decreased in @entity6 @entity0 from 11 +/- 1.3 to 5 +/- 1.2 % (P < 0.05) and increased in control subjects from 19 +/- 1.6 to 23 +/- 2.3 % (P < 0.05) in response to exercise. This was not associated with activity changes of @entity4 kinase 3 or protein phosphatase 1, but the changes in @entity4 activity could be due to changes in activity of @entity7 or protein kinase A (PKA) as a negative correlation between either ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) or plasma @entity2 and @entity4 activity was observed. These findings suggest that @entity4 activity is increased by glycogen breakdown and decreased by @entity7 and possibly PKA activation and that the resultant @entity4 activity depends on the relative strengths of the various stimuli. Furthermore, @entity7 may be involved in the regulation of @entity1 utilization during exercise in @entity0 , although the lack of correlation between individual @entity7 activity or ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) values and individual @entity1 utilization during exercise implies that @entity7 may not be an essential regulator.

title: Role of @entity3 -activated protein kinase in glycogen synthase activity and XXXX utilization: insights from @entity0 with @entity6 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: It has been suggested that @entity3 -activated protein kinase ( @entity7 ) is involved in the regulation of @entity1 and glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle. We used @entity0 with chronic high muscle glycogen stores and deficient glycogenolysis ( @entity6 ) as a model to address this issue. Six @entity6 @entity0 were compared with control subjects during exercise. Muscle alpha2AMPK activity increased in @entity6 @entity0 (from 1.3 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.2 pmol min(-1) mg(-1), P = 0.05) but not in control subjects (from 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 1.3 +/- 0.3 pmol min(-1) mg(-1)). Exercise-induced phosphorylation of the in vivo @entity7 substrate @entity5 carboxylase (ACCbeta; Ser(221)) was higher (P < 0.01) in @entity6 @entity0 than in control subjects (18 +/- 3 vs. 10 +/- 1 arbitrary units). Exercise-induced whole-body @entity1 utilization was also higher in @entity6 @entity0 than in control subjects (P < 0.05). No correlation between individual @entity7 or ACCbeta values and @entity1 utilization was observed. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) activity was decreased in @entity6 @entity0 from 11 +/- 1.3 to 5 +/- 1.2 % (P < 0.05) and increased in control subjects from 19 +/- 1.6 to 23 +/- 2.3 % (P < 0.05) in response to exercise. This was not associated with activity changes of @entity4 kinase 3 or protein phosphatase 1, but the changes in @entity4 activity could be due to changes in activity of @entity7 or protein kinase A (PKA) as a negative correlation between either ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) or plasma @entity2 and @entity4 activity was observed. These findings suggest that @entity4 activity is increased by glycogen breakdown and decreased by @entity7 and possibly PKA activation and that the resultant @entity4 activity depends on the relative strengths of the various stimuli. Furthermore, @entity7 may be involved in the regulation of @entity1 utilization during exercise in @entity0 , although the lack of correlation between individual @entity7 activity or ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) values and individual @entity1 utilization during exercise implies that @entity7 may not be an essential regulator.

title: Role of @entity3 -activated protein kinase in glycogen synthase activity and @entity1 utilization: insights from XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Circadian rhythms have been demonstrated in organisms across the taxonomic spectrum. In view of their widespread occurrence, the adaptive significance of these rhythms is of interest. We have previously shown that constitutive expression of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) gene in @entity0 plants ( @entity1 -ox) results in loss of circadian rhythmicity. Here, we demonstrate that these @entity1 -ox plants retain the ability to respond to diurnal changes in light. Thus, transcript levels of several circadian-regulated genes, as well as @entity1 itself and the closely related LHY, oscillate robustly if @entity1 -ox plants are grown under diurnal conditions. However, in contrast with wild-type plants in which transcript levels change in anticipation of the dark/light transitions, the @entity1 -ox plants have lost the ability to anticipate this daily change in their environment. We have used @entity1 -ox lines to examine the effects of loss of circadian regulation on the fitness of an organism. @entity1 -ox plants flowered later, especially under long-day conditions, and were less viable under very short-day conditions than their wild-type counterparts. In addition, we demonstrate that two other circadian rhythm mutants, @entity2 , have low-viability phenotypes. Our findings demonstrate the adaptive advantage of circadian rhythms in @entity0 .

title: Circadian rhythms confer a higher level of fitness to XXXX plants.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 is a ubiquitous phospholipid that is also present in the photosynthetic membranes of plants. Multiple independent lines of evidence suggest that this lipid plays a critical role for the proper function of photosynthetic membranes and cold acclimation. In eukaryotes, different subcellular compartments are competent for the biosynthesis of @entity2 . Details on the plant-specific pathways in different organelles are scarce. Here, we describe a @entity2 biosynthesis-deficient mutant of @entity1 , @entity5 . The overall content of @entity2 is reduced by 30%. This mutant carries a point mutation in the @entity3 - @entity0 phosphotransferase motif of the @entity4 synthase (EC 2.7.8.5) isoform encoded by a gene on chromosome 2. The mutant shows an 80% reduction in plastidic phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase activity consistent with the plastidic location of this particular isoform. Mutant plants are pale green, and their photosynthesis is impaired. This mutant provides a promising new tool to elucidate the biosynthesis and function of plastidic @entity2 in seed plants.

title: The XXXX mutant locus of @entity1 encodes a phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase with impaired activity.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 is a ubiquitous phospholipid that is also present in the photosynthetic membranes of plants. Multiple independent lines of evidence suggest that this lipid plays a critical role for the proper function of photosynthetic membranes and cold acclimation. In eukaryotes, different subcellular compartments are competent for the biosynthesis of @entity2 . Details on the plant-specific pathways in different organelles are scarce. Here, we describe a @entity2 biosynthesis-deficient mutant of @entity1 , @entity5 . The overall content of @entity2 is reduced by 30%. This mutant carries a point mutation in the @entity3 - @entity0 phosphotransferase motif of the @entity4 synthase (EC 2.7.8.5) isoform encoded by a gene on chromosome 2. The mutant shows an 80% reduction in plastidic phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase activity consistent with the plastidic location of this particular isoform. Mutant plants are pale green, and their photosynthesis is impaired. This mutant provides a promising new tool to elucidate the biosynthesis and function of plastidic @entity2 in seed plants.

title: The @entity5 mutant locus of XXXX encodes a phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase with impaired activity.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We examined the role of gibberellins (GAs) in germination of @entity1 seeds by a proteomic approach. For that purpose, we used two systems. The first system consisted of seeds of the GA-deficient @entity4 mutant, and the second corresponded to wild-type seeds incubated in @entity3 , a specific GA biosynthesis inhibitor. With both systems, radicle protrusion was strictly dependent on exogenous GAs. The proteomic analysis indicated that GAs do not participate in many processes involved in germination sensu stricto (prior to radicle protrusion), as, for example, the initial mobilization of seed protein and lipid reserves. Out of 46 protein changes detected during germination sensu stricto (1 d of incubation on water), only one, corresponding to the cytoskeleton component alpha-2,4 tubulin, appeared to depend on the action of GAs. An increase in this protein spot was noted for the wild-type seeds but not for the @entity4 seeds incubated for 1 d on water. In contrast, GAs appeared to be involved, directly or indirectly, in controlling the abundance of several proteins associated with radicle protrusion. This is the case for two isoforms of @entity2 (Ado-Met) synthetase, which catalyzes the formation of Ado-Met from Met and @entity0 . Owing to the housekeeping functions of Ado-Met, this event is presumably required for germination and seedling establishment, and might represent a major metabolic control of seedling establishment. GAs can also play a role in controlling the abundance of a beta-glucosidase, which might be involved in the embryo cell wall loosening needed for cell elongation and radicle extension.

title: Proteomics of XXXX seed germination. A comparative study of wild-type and gibberellin-deficient seeds.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is an @entity2 and subcutaneous fat with @entity1 of the overlying skin, and it is a toxin-mediated disease. The aim of this study was to review 13 cases of @entity1 of the perineum and the external genitalia region with regard to the diagnosis, treatment, and methods of reconstruction of secondary defects. The study was performed from June 1997 to May 2001 and involved 11 @entity0 and 2 @entity0 who ranged in age from 35 to 67 years (mean age, 53 years). All @entity0 presented to the plastic surgery unit with huge secondary defects of the urogenital region, upper thigh, and lower abdomen after being excised initially by general surgeons. Eight @entity0 were treated with bilateral flaps, and the unilateral flap was used in 2 @entity0 . The V-Y island fasciocutaneous flap, used to resurface the urogenital region after @entity1 , is considered a new indication. The V-Y axial-pattern design of the flap is also considered a new modification, which enabled the flap to be advanced and tailored nicely in the midline. The idea of using the V-Y-plasty design is raised because the perineum has a pair of symmetrical anatomic structures. In addition, this procedure conserves tissue and the flap donor site is closed primarily without @entity3 . Both aesthetic and functional results were satisfactory.

title: V-Y fasciocutaneous pudendal thigh flap for repair of perineum and genital region after XXXX : modification and new indication.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Base deficit has been established as a predictor of mortality and endpoint of resuscitation. We hypothesized that in a significant subset of surgical intensive care @entity0 , base deficit is secondary to @entity4 , and that these @entity0 experience lower mortality than those @entity0 whose base deficits are secondary to other causes. Seventy-five consecutive surgical intensive care @entity0 with base deficits greater than 2.0 were prospectively studied. The etiology of the @entity0 ' base deficits was determined by admission laboratory data. @entity0 were divided into those with @entity4 , and those with @entity4 from other causes. Mortality within these groups was compared by Fisher's exact test. Thirty-seven @entity0 (49.3%) had @entity4 . Thirty-three @entity0 (46.7%) had @entity5 . Three @entity0 (4%) had base @entity1 , and two @entity0 (2.6%) had base @entity1 . There were no significant differences in age, APACHE II scores, or volumes of resuscitation between the hyperchloremic group and the remaining @entity0 . There were four @entity2 (10.8%) in the hyperchloremic group and thirteen @entity2 (34.2%) in the remaining @entity0 (P = 0.03). @entity4 resulted from resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution in 18 (48.6%) of the hyperchloremic @entity0 . @entity4 is a common etiology of base deficit in the surgical intensive care unit. It is associated with lower mortality than base deficit secondary to other causes. Moreover, it is frequently induced following resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution. Failure to properly diagnose this subset of acidotic @entity0 may result in inappropriate clinical interventions due to the erroneous presumption of ongoing tissue @entity3 .

title: Base deficit does not predict mortality when secondary to XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Neurite retraction is a crucial process during nervous system development and @entity0 . This process implies reorganization of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Some bioactive lipids such as @entity1 ( @entity2 ) induce neurite retraction. The reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton during neurite retraction is one of the best-characterized effects of @entity2 . However, less information is available regarding the reorganization of the microtubule (MT) network in response to @entity2 in neuronal cells. Here, we first give an overview of the roles of cytoskeleton during neurite outgrowth, and subsequently, we review some of the data from different laboratories concerning @entity2 -induced cytoskeletal rearrangement in neuronal cells. We also summarize our own recent results about modifications of MTs during @entity2 -induced neurite retraction. We have shown that @entity2 induces changes in tubulin pools and increases in the phosphorylation levels of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), such as Tau. Tau hyperphosphorylation in response to @entity2 is mediated by the activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). The upregulation of GSK-3 activity by @entity2 seems to be a general process as it occurs in diverse neuronal cells of different species in correlation with the neurite retraction process.

title: Regulation of neuronal cytoskeleton by XXXX : role of GSK-3.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is one of the major causes of post-treatment morbidity in @entity4 . The molecular basis of @entity2 in active and healed @entity1 is yet to be fully characterized. OBJECTIVES: To measure the tissue levels of collagen, @entity5 , fibronectin, @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity3 in active and healed lesions of cutaneous @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Biopsy lesions obtained from 17 @entity0 with active cutaneous @entity4 and 12 @entity0 after a 6-month regimen of antituberculous chemotherapy were examined. Collagen, @entity5 and @entity3 were estimated biochemically. In addition, the presence of collagen IV, @entity6 and fibronectin were determined immunohistochemically. RESULTS: It was found that collagen, @entity5 , fibronectin and @entity6 levels were higher in the active lesions. The levels of @entity3 were similar in both active and healed lesions. Clinically, scar tissue or keloid formation was not seen in any of the healed lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Effective antituberculous chemotherapy will lead to a substantial reduction of @entity2 and the consequent disability that can arise in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Biochemical and histochemical changes pertaining to active and healed cutaneous XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The DNA of eukaryotes is wrapped around nucleosomes and packaged into chromatin. Covalent modifications of the histone proteins that comprise the nucleosome alter chromatin structure and have major effects on gene expression. Methylation of @entity1 4 of histone H3 by COMPASS is required for silencing of genes located near chromosome telomeres and within the rDNA (Krogan, N. J, Dover, J., Khorrami, S., Greenblatt, J. F., Schneider, J., Johnston, M., and Shilatifard, A. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 10753-10755; Briggs, S. D., Bryk, M., Strahl, B. D., Cheung, W. L., Davie, J. K., Dent, S. Y., Winston, F., and Allis, C. D. (2001) Genes. Dev. 15, 3286-3295). To learn about the mechanism of histone methylation, we surveyed the genome of the @entity0 @entity0 for genes necessary for this process. By analyzing approximately 4800 mutant strains, each deleted for a different non-essential gene, we discovered that the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme @entity2 is required for methylation of @entity1 4 of histone H3. Ubiquitination of @entity3 on @entity1 123 is the signal for the methylation of histone H3, which leads to silencing of genes located near telomeres.

title: Methylation of histone H3 by COMPASS requires ubiquitination of @entity3 by XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The DNA of eukaryotes is wrapped around nucleosomes and packaged into chromatin. Covalent modifications of the histone proteins that comprise the nucleosome alter chromatin structure and have major effects on gene expression. Methylation of @entity1 4 of histone H3 by COMPASS is required for silencing of genes located near chromosome telomeres and within the rDNA (Krogan, N. J, Dover, J., Khorrami, S., Greenblatt, J. F., Schneider, J., Johnston, M., and Shilatifard, A. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 10753-10755; Briggs, S. D., Bryk, M., Strahl, B. D., Cheung, W. L., Davie, J. K., Dent, S. Y., Winston, F., and Allis, C. D. (2001) Genes. Dev. 15, 3286-3295). To learn about the mechanism of histone methylation, we surveyed the genome of the @entity0 @entity0 for genes necessary for this process. By analyzing approximately 4800 mutant strains, each deleted for a different non-essential gene, we discovered that the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme @entity2 is required for methylation of @entity1 4 of histone H3. Ubiquitination of @entity3 on @entity1 123 is the signal for the methylation of histone H3, which leads to silencing of genes located near telomeres.

title: Methylation of histone H3 by COMPASS requires ubiquitination of XXXX by @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the outcome of @entity0 with thoracolumbar @entity4 treated surgically or conservatively at the Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between the year 1989 through to 1999. METHODS: The medical and surgical record of all @entity0 diagnosed as having thoracolumbar @entity4 (thoracic 10-lumbar 12) between the years 1989 to 1999 were reviewed. The parameter studies included the personal @entity0 data, type of @entity4 , mechanism and cause of @entity1 . For the outcome, the method of treatment and recovery from @entity2 , return to pre-injury activity and work as well as complications were noted. RESULTS: One hundred @entity0 were treated for thoracolumbar @entity4 . Seventy two percent were related to motor vehicle accident, 37% had @entity2 , 19 of them had complete lesion. Thoracic 12 Lumbar 1 constituted 63% of injury level. Forty-four @entity0 were treated surgically whereas 56 had conservative treatment. At follow up, 17 @entity0 had complete recovery from @entity2 while 6 had partial recovery and 14 had no recovery at all. No major complication has occurred due to method of treatment in both groups. CONCLUSION: Treatment of thoracolumbar @entity4 was carried out using both surgical and conservative methods. In our view, surgical treatment is indicated in cases of instability or removal of retropulsive fragment if there is @entity2 or to @entity3 . For other cases conservative treatment was selected and gave satisfactory results.

title: Treatment of thoracolumbar XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity10 is a systemic disease of unknown etiology. We report a retrospective study of 11 cases (9 females and 2 males) of @entity10 collected during 25 years. The mean age was 36 years. Fever, @entity6 and @entity8 was constant. Adenopathies and @entity5 were observed in 2 @entity0 . The laboratory findings was characterized by a constant @entity1 and leucocytosis. Hypertransaminasemia and @entity9 were observed respectively in 7 cases and 3 cases. @entity4 were prescribed in all @entity0 . @entity7 was administered in 3 @entity0 . Outcome was favorable in 10 cases, @entity3 incurred in one @entity0 , secondary to acute @entity2 .

title: [ XXXX : study of a series of 11 cases].

answer: @entity10


abstract: The Public Health Laboratory Service has published guidance outlining appropriate investigations and public health action to control the spread of @entity3 . We investigated compliance with this guidance in audits of suspected @entity1 cases in our district notified to the public health department between January 1996 and December 1997, and in 1999. The total number of suspected @entity1 cases in 1996-7 and in 1999 were 58 and 34 respectively. @entity3 was suspected in 49 and 28 @entity0 respectively, and for 58 (75.3%) of these case notes were found. @entity2 was more often a presenting sign in 1999. The second audit also showed a non-significant reduction in the proportion of @entity0 given penicillin before hospital admission (22.4% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.12), and in CSF microscopy requests (31% vs. 17.6%, p < 0.5). Requests for meningococcal investigation by blood culture (77.5% vs. 79.4%, p < 0.5) blood PCR (34.5% vs. 64.7%, p < 0.001) and throat swab (25.9% vs. 55.9%, p < 0.005) were increased. Notifications of cases to the public health department within 24 hours of admission were also increased slightly (42.8% vs. 52.9%; p < 0.5). Changes in clinical practice can be achieved through guidelines, audit and feedback. The importance of parenteral penicillin administration prior to hospital admission, appropriate investigations and prompt public health notification should be re-emphasised.

title: Audit of suspected XXXX in a district in 1996-1997 and in 1999.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The American College of Rheumatology presented a consensus document in 1999 proposing the classification of 19 different syndromes defined by neurological and @entity1 manifestations of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The detection of autoantibodies in patient's serum or cerebrospinal fluid has not been used as diagnostic markers for the proposed @entity6 as their disease associations remain highly contentious. Autoantibodies detected in the serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid, that have been reported to segregate with @entity0 presenting with @entity6 include: (1) anti-neuronal antibodies, (2) brain-lymphocyte cross-reactive antibodies, (3) anti-ribosomal P antibodies, (4) anti-phospholipid antibodies and (5) anti- @entity5 antibodies. Tests for anti-neuronal, anti-brain-lymphocyte cross-reactive and anti- @entity5 antibodies remain highly specialized whereas tests for ribosomal P antibodies and for antiphospholipid antibodies are currently routinely available in most diagnostic laboratories. Anti-ribosomal antibodies segregate with @entity3 . Antiphospholipid P antibodies are markers for the @entity4 . This syndrome may be associated with another disease, commonly @entity3 . In this setting, @entity1 manifestations in @entity3 may arise as a consequence of @entity2 episodes involving the cerebral vasculature. There is a pressing need for antibodies to ribosomal P and to phospholipids to be standardized for routine diagnostic application. We conclude that the search for specific antibody marker(s) that can be applied for the routine laboratory diagnosis for @entity6 remains elusive.

title: Autoantibodies in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIM: The study aims to look for an association between trapezius muscle activity and @entity2 in work situations characterized by work stress and low biomechanical exposure. METHODS: Female subjects (n = 93) were recruited from four occupational groups: health care, shop assistants, banking, and university secretaries. Thirty-eight workers were interviewed and classified as @entity0 by their @entity2 score in the last 6 months; 55 were @entity0 -free. @entity2 , bodily state of @entity1 and fatigue, and subjective exposure assessments were monitored by repeated hourly measurements over 24 hr. Trapezius muscle activity was recorded bilaterally by surface EMG. RESULTS: @entity2 , perceived @entity1 , work stress ("stressful environment"), and mental fatigue was augmented over the workday and reduced leisure time. Physical fatigue was low and stable. Thus, work stress appeared to be the dominant exposure associated with @entity2 . Muscle activity was low and similar for @entity0 and @entity0 -free subjects during working hours. It was unchanged from work to leisure for the @entity0 workers and was significantly reduced for the @entity0 -free group. CONCLUSIONS: Stress-induced shoulder and neck @entity0 is not necessarily associated with elevated trapezius muscle activity, but @entity0 -free workers may benefit from better muscle relaxation in leisure.

title: Daytime trapezius muscle activity and XXXX of service workers with work stress and low biomechanical exposure.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of arthroscopic repair of isolated superior @entity1 of the shoulder. METHODS: We evaluated thirty-four @entity0 at a mean of thirty-three months (range, twenty-four to forty-nine months) following arthroscopic repair of an isolated superior @entity1 of the shoulder with suture anchors. The outcome of treatment was evaluated with the University of California at Los Angeles shoulder score and on the basis of the @entity0 's ability to return to prior activities. There were thirty male @entity0 and four female @entity0 with a mean age of twenty-six years (range, sixteen to thirty-five years). Thirty @entity0 were involved in athletic activities, and eighteen of them were engaged in overhead sports. RESULTS: Repair of the superior @entity1 resulted in a satisfactory University of California at Los Angeles shoulder score for thirty-two @entity0 (94%) and an unsatisfactory score for two. Thirty-one @entity0 (91%) regained their preinjury level of shoulder function. The shoulder score and the return to activity were correlated with the type of sports activity (r = 0.291, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.373, p = 0.010, respectively. @entity0 participating in overhead sports had significantly lower shoulder scores and a lower percentage of return to their preinjury level of shoulder function compared with @entity0 who were not engaged in overhead activity (p = 0.024 and 0.015, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic repair of an isolated superior @entity1 is successful in a majority of @entity0 . However, the results in @entity0 who participate in overhead sports are not as satisfactory as those in @entity0 who are not involved in overhead sports.

title: Results of arthroscopic treatment of superior XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to identify the factors that determined whether a @entity0 underwent surgery and its impact on @entity0 outcome. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of the records of all @entity0 diagnosed with resectable stages I and II @entity1 between 1990 and 1998 at the University of Arkansas and Veterans Administration Hospitals were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, pathologic, and outcome data were captured. Analysis was conducted to identify prognostic factors as well as factors leading to surgical treatment disparities. RESULTS: A total of 551 @entity0 were included; 490 (89%) were @entity0 , 480 (87%) were white, and 315 (57%) were aged >65 years. Median follow-up of these @entity0 was 24 months (1-109 months). Surgery was performed on 455 @entity0 (82.6%); 26 @entity0 received nonsurgical treatment including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both, and 70 @entity0 did not receive any type of treatment. A univariate analysis revealed that age, race, sex, and forced expiratory volume in the first second were significantly different between the surgery and no surgery groups. However, a multivariate analysis showed that age, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and hemoglobin were significantly different between both groups. The median overall survival was 45.5 months (1-109 months) for the surgically treated @entity0 compared with 12.0 months (1-86 months) for those who did not undergo surgery (P <.0001). CONCLUSION: Elderly @entity0 with early-stage @entity1 are less likely to undergo a potentially curative surgical resection. Racial and sex disparities may be due to other comorbidities.

title: Disparities in surgical resection of early-stage XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: High plasma @entity8 [ @entity8 ] and @entity6 ( @entity9 ) levels are now considered to be independent risk factors for cerebro- and cardiovascular @entity5 , but little is known about the influence of @entity8 and @entity9 on the early events of @entity1 or their significance in subjects with a positive family history of @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity9 levels and the severity of @entity3 , and investigate whether there was a correlation between @entity8 and @entity9 levels in the @entity2 @entity0 and their @entity0 . METHODS: The study involved 35 @entity0 with early @entity3 aged 46.1 +/- 6.6 years and their 50 @entity0 aged 17.2 +/- 5.5 years. The @entity0 were grouped on the basis of the form of the @entity2 (transient, progressive or complete @entity2 ), and their levels of @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity4 (UA), @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and factor VII (FVII) activity were measured. RESULTS: @entity9 and @entity8 concentrations increased with the severity of the @entity1 , being highest in the @entity0 with complete @entity2 (15.1 +/- 2.9 mumol/L and 32.9 +/- 37.6 mg/dL respectively). A similar trend was found in the offspring, with the highest @entity9 and @entity8 values in the @entity0 of complete @entity2 @entity0 (12.6 +/- 4.4 mumol/L and 23.0 +/- 24.6 mg/dL). The control values were respectively 8.7 +/- 1.6 mumol/L and 5.35 +/- 7.05 mg/dL. The following correlations between the parents and @entity0 were noted: @entity8 (r = 0.87 p < 0.0001), UA (r = 0.71 p < 0.001), @entity9 (r = 0.45 p < 0.05), FVII (r = 0.45 p < 0.05), and @entity7 (r = 0.42 p = 0.06). Correlations between @entity8 and @entity9 (r = 0.47 p < 0.05) and @entity7 and FVII (r = 0.60 p < 0.01) were found in the @entity0 . Multiple regression analysis revealed that only @entity8 and @entity7 significantly influenced @entity9 levels in the offspring with a positive family history. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 levels correlate with the severity of @entity3 and, in families with a history of @entity3 , the levels of the risk factors in @entity0 are determined by the levels in their parents.

title: XXXX , @entity6 and a family history of early @entity3 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: High plasma @entity8 [ @entity8 ] and @entity6 ( @entity9 ) levels are now considered to be independent risk factors for cerebro- and cardiovascular @entity5 , but little is known about the influence of @entity8 and @entity9 on the early events of @entity1 or their significance in subjects with a positive family history of @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity9 levels and the severity of @entity3 , and investigate whether there was a correlation between @entity8 and @entity9 levels in the @entity2 @entity0 and their @entity0 . METHODS: The study involved 35 @entity0 with early @entity3 aged 46.1 +/- 6.6 years and their 50 @entity0 aged 17.2 +/- 5.5 years. The @entity0 were grouped on the basis of the form of the @entity2 (transient, progressive or complete @entity2 ), and their levels of @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity4 (UA), @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and factor VII (FVII) activity were measured. RESULTS: @entity9 and @entity8 concentrations increased with the severity of the @entity1 , being highest in the @entity0 with complete @entity2 (15.1 +/- 2.9 mumol/L and 32.9 +/- 37.6 mg/dL respectively). A similar trend was found in the offspring, with the highest @entity9 and @entity8 values in the @entity0 of complete @entity2 @entity0 (12.6 +/- 4.4 mumol/L and 23.0 +/- 24.6 mg/dL). The control values were respectively 8.7 +/- 1.6 mumol/L and 5.35 +/- 7.05 mg/dL. The following correlations between the parents and @entity0 were noted: @entity8 (r = 0.87 p < 0.0001), UA (r = 0.71 p < 0.001), @entity9 (r = 0.45 p < 0.05), FVII (r = 0.45 p < 0.05), and @entity7 (r = 0.42 p = 0.06). Correlations between @entity8 and @entity9 (r = 0.47 p < 0.05) and @entity7 and FVII (r = 0.60 p < 0.01) were found in the @entity0 . Multiple regression analysis revealed that only @entity8 and @entity7 significantly influenced @entity9 levels in the offspring with a positive family history. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 levels correlate with the severity of @entity3 and, in families with a history of @entity3 , the levels of the risk factors in @entity0 are determined by the levels in their parents.

title: @entity8 , XXXX and a family history of early @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: High plasma @entity8 [ @entity8 ] and @entity6 ( @entity9 ) levels are now considered to be independent risk factors for cerebro- and cardiovascular @entity5 , but little is known about the influence of @entity8 and @entity9 on the early events of @entity1 or their significance in subjects with a positive family history of @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity9 levels and the severity of @entity3 , and investigate whether there was a correlation between @entity8 and @entity9 levels in the @entity2 @entity0 and their @entity0 . METHODS: The study involved 35 @entity0 with early @entity3 aged 46.1 +/- 6.6 years and their 50 @entity0 aged 17.2 +/- 5.5 years. The @entity0 were grouped on the basis of the form of the @entity2 (transient, progressive or complete @entity2 ), and their levels of @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity4 (UA), @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and factor VII (FVII) activity were measured. RESULTS: @entity9 and @entity8 concentrations increased with the severity of the @entity1 , being highest in the @entity0 with complete @entity2 (15.1 +/- 2.9 mumol/L and 32.9 +/- 37.6 mg/dL respectively). A similar trend was found in the offspring, with the highest @entity9 and @entity8 values in the @entity0 of complete @entity2 @entity0 (12.6 +/- 4.4 mumol/L and 23.0 +/- 24.6 mg/dL). The control values were respectively 8.7 +/- 1.6 mumol/L and 5.35 +/- 7.05 mg/dL. The following correlations between the parents and @entity0 were noted: @entity8 (r = 0.87 p < 0.0001), UA (r = 0.71 p < 0.001), @entity9 (r = 0.45 p < 0.05), FVII (r = 0.45 p < 0.05), and @entity7 (r = 0.42 p = 0.06). Correlations between @entity8 and @entity9 (r = 0.47 p < 0.05) and @entity7 and FVII (r = 0.60 p < 0.01) were found in the @entity0 . Multiple regression analysis revealed that only @entity8 and @entity7 significantly influenced @entity9 levels in the offspring with a positive family history. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 levels correlate with the severity of @entity3 and, in families with a history of @entity3 , the levels of the risk factors in @entity0 are determined by the levels in their parents.

title: @entity8 , @entity6 and a family history of early XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increase in @entity1 is still unexplained. It was hypothesized that the intake of @entity8 is a contributing cause of this development. We investigated the relationship between serum @entity3 levels, intake of @entity8 ( @entity9 ) and manifestations of @entity4 in a population-based setting. METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed within the population of the 3rd MONICA survey in Augsburg (Germany). The serum levels of total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity3 of 1537 adults (aged 28-78 years, response 61.4%) and the estimated intake of @entity9 in a subset of 139 @entity0 were compared with the frequency of a doctor's diagnosis of @entity6 , @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity1 sensitization as measured by skin prick and Radio Allergo Sorbent Test. FINDINGS: In bivariate analyses, we obtained a negative linear association between total and LDL @entity3 levels and the frequency of @entity1 and sensitization, which was no longer significant after adjustment for important confounders. In contrast, positive linear associations were found between HDL @entity3 levels and @entity1 and @entity5 and, furthermore, between the intake of @entity9 and @entity1 sensitization in @entity0 (P<0.01). After adjustment, an increasing risk for @entity2 with increasing levels of HDL @entity3 and an increasing risk for @entity1 sensitization with increasing intakes of @entity9 remained statistically significant. INTERPRETATION: There is indication that HDL @entity3 also plays a role in the complex interaction of fat intake, metabolism and the manifestation of @entity4 in adults. These findings may contribute to the understanding of time trends and regional differences of @entity7 .

title: Intake of @entity8 and HDL XXXX levels are associated with manifestations of @entity4 in adults.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increase in @entity1 is still unexplained. It was hypothesized that the intake of @entity8 is a contributing cause of this development. We investigated the relationship between serum @entity3 levels, intake of @entity8 ( @entity9 ) and manifestations of @entity4 in a population-based setting. METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed within the population of the 3rd MONICA survey in Augsburg (Germany). The serum levels of total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity3 of 1537 adults (aged 28-78 years, response 61.4%) and the estimated intake of @entity9 in a subset of 139 @entity0 were compared with the frequency of a doctor's diagnosis of @entity6 , @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity1 sensitization as measured by skin prick and Radio Allergo Sorbent Test. FINDINGS: In bivariate analyses, we obtained a negative linear association between total and LDL @entity3 levels and the frequency of @entity1 and sensitization, which was no longer significant after adjustment for important confounders. In contrast, positive linear associations were found between HDL @entity3 levels and @entity1 and @entity5 and, furthermore, between the intake of @entity9 and @entity1 sensitization in @entity0 (P<0.01). After adjustment, an increasing risk for @entity2 with increasing levels of HDL @entity3 and an increasing risk for @entity1 sensitization with increasing intakes of @entity9 remained statistically significant. INTERPRETATION: There is indication that HDL @entity3 also plays a role in the complex interaction of fat intake, metabolism and the manifestation of @entity4 in adults. These findings may contribute to the understanding of time trends and regional differences of @entity7 .

title: Intake of XXXX and HDL @entity3 levels are associated with manifestations of @entity4 in adults.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increase in @entity1 is still unexplained. It was hypothesized that the intake of @entity8 is a contributing cause of this development. We investigated the relationship between serum @entity3 levels, intake of @entity8 ( @entity9 ) and manifestations of @entity4 in a population-based setting. METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed within the population of the 3rd MONICA survey in Augsburg (Germany). The serum levels of total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity3 of 1537 adults (aged 28-78 years, response 61.4%) and the estimated intake of @entity9 in a subset of 139 @entity0 were compared with the frequency of a doctor's diagnosis of @entity6 , @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity1 sensitization as measured by skin prick and Radio Allergo Sorbent Test. FINDINGS: In bivariate analyses, we obtained a negative linear association between total and LDL @entity3 levels and the frequency of @entity1 and sensitization, which was no longer significant after adjustment for important confounders. In contrast, positive linear associations were found between HDL @entity3 levels and @entity1 and @entity5 and, furthermore, between the intake of @entity9 and @entity1 sensitization in @entity0 (P<0.01). After adjustment, an increasing risk for @entity2 with increasing levels of HDL @entity3 and an increasing risk for @entity1 sensitization with increasing intakes of @entity9 remained statistically significant. INTERPRETATION: There is indication that HDL @entity3 also plays a role in the complex interaction of fat intake, metabolism and the manifestation of @entity4 in adults. These findings may contribute to the understanding of time trends and regional differences of @entity7 .

title: Intake of @entity8 and HDL @entity3 levels are associated with manifestations of XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous occlusion of secundum type @entity1 with an Amplatzer device is an effective treatment alternative. However, there is little information about the use of this treatment for large defects. @entity0 AND METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed the initial and follow-up findings in 31 @entity0 aged 41 18 years who had large @entity1 (>= 30 mm diameter). Mean defect diameter evaluated by the balloon occlusion method was 33.4 3.4 mm (range, 30-40 mm). In all @entity0 we attempted the implantation of an Amplatzer septal occluder. RESULTS: The implant was successful in 23 @entity0 (74%); 3 of whom had a double orifice. The size of the device was 34 3 mm diameter (range, 30-38 mm). Combined associated procedures were @entity2 in 3 @entity0 and coronary stent implantation in 1. In 4 out of 8 @entity0 where we failed, the implant was attempted but the device was unstable so we decided to retrieve it; in the remaining 4 @entity0 , balloon measurement alone contraindicated the procedure. All @entity0 did well, but one had cardiac tamponade during the procedure that was resolved in the catheterization laboratory. After 15 12 months of follow-up all 31 @entity0 were alive and those who had functional limitation before treatment remained stable, with significant clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous device occlusion of large @entity1 is feasible and effective in most @entity0 .

title: [Percutaneous closure of large XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the effect of modified Anderson's procedure in @entity1 surgery with pure horizontal torticollis. METHOD: Retrospective study of 8 @entity0 with @entity1 and pure horizontal torticollis that were surgically treated in our hospital in a 4 years period. Mean age of the sample was 9 years, SD 8.6 (range 4-30). Large bilateral recessions were made in the yoke rectus muscles that are responsible for the versions to obtain the null position. The amount of surgery was variable according to the torticollis intensity and the association of strabismus. Follow-up length ranged from 15 to 45 months (average 31.14, SD 11.55). RESULTS: Torticollis improved in all @entity0 at the end of the study. A good result was achieved in 62.5% of the cases, with a residual torticollis inferior to 10 degrees. In two cases, severe torticollis improved to a moderate one (10-20 degrees ). Torticollis reversal occurred in one @entity0 , who needed a second operation. Neither clinically significant ductions limitations, nor secondary strabismus were found. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Anderson's procedure was effective for treating moderate horizontal torticollis with @entity1 . Severe torticollis were not totally corrected. Large muscle recessions were not associated with clinically significant ductions limitations. There was not secondary strabismus (Arch Soc @entity2 Oftalmol 2003; 78: 481-486).

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX with horizontal torticollis].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In many @entity2 , intratumoral microvascular density (MVD) has been suggested to be a prognostic parameter. We aimed to provide a quantitative evaluation of intratumoral microvascular density in a large series of resected endocrine @entity2 of the pancreas and to evaluate the potential prognostic significance of this parameter. METHODS: Eighty-two @entity2 from 77 @entity0 have been studied. MVD was evaluated by 2 observers after @entity6 immunostaining and correlated with the following parameters: WHO classification, hormonal profile, @entity2 size, @entity3 expression, occurrence of @entity1 , duration of survival. RESULTS: MVD ranged from 5 to 92 vessels/field. MVD was significantly higher in well-differentiated @entity2 of uncertain behavior and in @entity4 . No close correlation was found between MVD and the hormonal profile. MVD was significantly higher in @entity2 characterized by the following histoprognostic parameters: size <2 cm, proliferation index <2%, no evidence of @entity1 . No close correlation was observed between MVD and @entity3 expression. Finally, a MVD <30 vessels/field was associated with the occurrence of @entity1 in @entity2 <2 cm and/or with a proliferation index <2% and with a significantly shorter survival after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative analysis of microvessel density in @entity5 may identify @entity0 who, despite favorable conventional histoprognostic factors, are at risk of unfavorable evolution.

title: Low microvessel density is an unfavorable histoprognostic factor in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: An immunohistochemical method for assessing cell-cycle phase distribution in colorectal resection specimens would enable phase data to be incorporated into diagnostic algorithms for the estimation of prognosis and response to adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 . In contrast to flow cytometry, an immunohistochemical method would also allow the phase distribution to be examined within morphologically heterogeneous regions of @entity0 . Paraffin sections of normal colon (n = 25), @entity4 (n = 15), and @entity3 (n = 30) were analysed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against markers of cell-cycle entry, @entity7 and Ki67, and putative markers of the cell-cycle phase, cyclins @entity8 (putative markers of G1 phase), @entity5 (S phase), cytoplasmic @entity6 (G2 phase), and phosphohistone H3 (M phase). The phase specificity of each marker was assessed by examining the degree of co-expression of adjacent phase markers using double-antibody fluorescence confocal microscopy and by comparison with flow cytometric analysis performed on adjacent tissue sections. The S-phase specificity of detectable @entity5 was also assessed in combination with in situ DNA replication using fluorescence confocal microscopy. All cells expressing phase markers co-expressed @entity7 . Adjacent phase markers were not significantly co-expressed, confirming the relative specificity of these markers in tissue sections of colon. Cell-cycle phase distribution, calculated by immunohistochemistry, compared well with phase analyses obtained by flow cytometry. No cells expressed @entity5 in the absence of active DNA replication. The S-phase labelling index, as defined by detectable @entity5 expression, showed a positive correlation with the @entity7 labelling index and increased in the progression from normal colon to @entity2 . In conclusion, a combination of these cell-cycle phase markers can be used to calculate the distribution of cells throughout each phase of the cell cycle in colorectal tissue sections. Detectable @entity5 can be used as a surrogate marker of S phase and may be of value in predicting prognosis and response to adjuvant therapy.

title: A novel immunohistochemical method to estimate cell-cycle phase distribution in archival tissue: implications for the prediction of outcome in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In cementless fixation systems, surface character is an important factor. Alkali and heat treatments of @entity1 metal have been shown to produce strong bonding to bone and a higher ongrowth rate. In this study we examined the effect of alkali and heat treatments on @entity1 rods in an intramedullary @entity0 femur model, in regard to the cementless hip stem. The implant rods were 5 mm in diameter and 25 mm in length. Half of the implants were immersed in 5 mol/L @entity3 solution and heated at 600 degrees C for 1 h ( @entity2 implants), and the other half were untreated (CL implants). The rods were implanted into the distal femur of the @entity0 ; @entity2 implants into the left femur and CL implants into the right. The bone-implant interfaces were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 weeks after implantation. Pull-out tests showed that the @entity2 implants had a significantly higher bonding strength to bone than the CL implants at each time point. As postoperative time elapsed, histological examination revealed that new bone formed on the surface of both types of implants, but significantly more bone made direct contact with the surface of the @entity2 implants. At 12 weeks, approximately 56% of the whole surface of the @entity2 implants was covered with the bone. In conclusion, alkali- and heat-treated @entity1 offers strong bone bonding and a high affinity to bone as opposed to a conventional mechanical interlocking mechanism. Alkali and heat treatments of @entity1 may be suitable surface treatments for cementless joint replacement implants.

title: Biology of alkali- and heat-treated XXXX implants.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Extracellular @entity2 mediates diverse biological effects by activating two families of receptors, the P2X and P2Y receptors. There is growing evidence to show that activation of G protein-coupled P2Y receptors can produce trophic effects in many cell types. Yet the expression and function of the P2Y receptors in development has rarely been studied and has never been investigated in @entity0 development. This study used the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry to demonstrate the abundant and dynamic expression of P2Y receptors in @entity1 development. These receptors were expressed in a wide range of @entity3 , notably somites, skeletal muscle, the central and peripheral nervous system, the heart, lung, and liver. All the P2Y receptors studied were expressed as early as embryonic day 11, when most embryonic organs were far from being functional and still in the process of being formed. P2Y receptor proteins were strongly expressed in temporary, developmental structures that do not have a correlate in the adult animal, including the somites ( @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity6 ) and the floor plate of the neural tube ( @entity5 ). P2Y receptors were also dynamically expressed, with receptor mRNA and protein being both up- and down-regulated at different developmental stages. The down-regulation of the @entity5 proteins in skeletal muscle and heart, and the disappearance of the @entity6 receptor from the brainstem and ventral white matter of the spinal cord postnatally, demonstrated that many P2Y receptors were likely to be involved in functions specific to embryonic life. Thus, these findings strongly suggest that P2Y receptors play an important role in the development of many tissues, and pioneer further studies into the role of purinergic signalling in development.

title: Abundant and dynamic expression of G protein-coupled P2Y receptors in XXXX development.

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity10 is a benign disorder, predominantly affecting young @entity0 with a predilection for @entity8 . Although the disease has been recognized worldwide, to our knowledge no cases have been reported previously from Nepal. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of @entity10 in Nepal and to analyze clinicopathologic features. METHODS: We reviewed 6 cases of @entity10 recorded at 3 different hospitals in Nepal during a period from June 1998 to June 2002. Clinical data and histopathology are presented. RESULTS: This study included 5 females and 1 @entity0 , aged 13 to 32 years. These @entity0 presented with prolonged @entity2 and @entity7 . The 5 female @entity0 had @entity8 , and the @entity0 had @entity7 . Complete blood counts revealed raised erythrocyte sedimentation rates in all @entity0 and @entity4 in 2 @entity0 . The size of excised lymph nodes (in greatest dimension) ranged from 1.5 to 5 cm. Typical histologic features were seen, namely, architectural effacement due to presence of pale nodular lymphohistiocytic foci with @entity9 , coagulation @entity1 , @entity6 , and absence of granulocytic infiltration. In a follow-up of the cases, disease recurrence was not found. CONCLUSION: Our study emphasizes that @entity10 should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses in @entity0 with prolonged @entity2 and @entity8 and that it should be differentiated from @entity5 in regions where @entity3 is prevalent.

title: XXXX in Nepal: a study of 6 cases.

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylaxis is recommended following total joint replacement because of the high risk of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Postoperative low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) reduces the incidence of venographically detected @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to about 10-15% in total hip replacement (THR) @entity0 . @entity8 is a novel, oral direct @entity2 inhibitor that selectively and competitively inhibits both free and clot-bound @entity2 . We compared the efficacy and safety of @entity8 with those of @entity7 for the prevention of @entity6 in @entity0 undergoing THR. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind study conducted principally in the USA and Canada. @entity0 received fixed-dose oral @entity8 24 mg bid or subcutaneous @entity7 30 mg bid and matched placebo for 7-12 days; both regimens were initiated the morning after surgery. The incidence of @entity6 (by postoperative day 12) included @entity3 determined by mandatory venography of the leg on which surgery was performed and symptomatic, objectively proven @entity4 or @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity6 and @entity1 events were interpreted by an independent central adjudication committee for primary analysis. RESULTS: Of the 1838 @entity0 randomized, 1557 had either adequate venography or symptomatic, proven @entity6 (efficacy population). Overall rate of venography acceptable for evaluation was 85.4%. Overall rates of total @entity6 were 7.9% (62 of 782 @entity0 ) in the @entity8 group and 4.6% (36 of 775 @entity0 ) in the @entity7 group, with an absolute difference of 3.3% and a 95% confidence interval for the difference of 0.9% to 5.7%. Proximal @entity4 and/or @entity5 occurred in 3.6% (28 of 782 @entity0 ) in the @entity8 group and 1.2% (nine of 774 @entity0 ) in the @entity7 group. Major @entity1 events were observed in 0.8% (seven of 906) of the @entity8 -treated @entity0 and in 0.9% (eight of 910) of the @entity7 -treated @entity0 (P > 0.95). Non-inferiority of @entity8 24 mg bid based on a prespecified margin of 5% was not met, resulting in superiority of the @entity7 regimen. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity8 and @entity7 decreased the overall rate of @entity6 compared with that reported historically. However, in this study, @entity7 30 mg bid was more effective than @entity8 24 mg bid for prevention of @entity6 in THR. Oral @entity8 was used without coagulation monitoring, was well tolerated, and had @entity1 rates comparable to those of @entity7 . Further refinement by testing a higher dose of @entity8 in the @entity0 undergoing THR is warranted.

title: Comparison of @entity8 , an oral direct @entity2 inhibitor, with @entity7 for the prevention of XXXX following total hip replacement. A randomized, double-blind study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylaxis is recommended following total joint replacement because of the high risk of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Postoperative low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) reduces the incidence of venographically detected @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to about 10-15% in total hip replacement (THR) @entity0 . @entity8 is a novel, oral direct @entity2 inhibitor that selectively and competitively inhibits both free and clot-bound @entity2 . We compared the efficacy and safety of @entity8 with those of @entity7 for the prevention of @entity6 in @entity0 undergoing THR. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind study conducted principally in the USA and Canada. @entity0 received fixed-dose oral @entity8 24 mg bid or subcutaneous @entity7 30 mg bid and matched placebo for 7-12 days; both regimens were initiated the morning after surgery. The incidence of @entity6 (by postoperative day 12) included @entity3 determined by mandatory venography of the leg on which surgery was performed and symptomatic, objectively proven @entity4 or @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity6 and @entity1 events were interpreted by an independent central adjudication committee for primary analysis. RESULTS: Of the 1838 @entity0 randomized, 1557 had either adequate venography or symptomatic, proven @entity6 (efficacy population). Overall rate of venography acceptable for evaluation was 85.4%. Overall rates of total @entity6 were 7.9% (62 of 782 @entity0 ) in the @entity8 group and 4.6% (36 of 775 @entity0 ) in the @entity7 group, with an absolute difference of 3.3% and a 95% confidence interval for the difference of 0.9% to 5.7%. Proximal @entity4 and/or @entity5 occurred in 3.6% (28 of 782 @entity0 ) in the @entity8 group and 1.2% (nine of 774 @entity0 ) in the @entity7 group. Major @entity1 events were observed in 0.8% (seven of 906) of the @entity8 -treated @entity0 and in 0.9% (eight of 910) of the @entity7 -treated @entity0 (P > 0.95). Non-inferiority of @entity8 24 mg bid based on a prespecified margin of 5% was not met, resulting in superiority of the @entity7 regimen. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity8 and @entity7 decreased the overall rate of @entity6 compared with that reported historically. However, in this study, @entity7 30 mg bid was more effective than @entity8 24 mg bid for prevention of @entity6 in THR. Oral @entity8 was used without coagulation monitoring, was well tolerated, and had @entity1 rates comparable to those of @entity7 . Further refinement by testing a higher dose of @entity8 in the @entity0 undergoing THR is warranted.

title: Comparison of XXXX , an oral direct @entity2 inhibitor, with @entity7 for the prevention of @entity6 following total hip replacement. A randomized, double-blind study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylaxis is recommended following total joint replacement because of the high risk of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Postoperative low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) reduces the incidence of venographically detected @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to about 10-15% in total hip replacement (THR) @entity0 . @entity8 is a novel, oral direct @entity2 inhibitor that selectively and competitively inhibits both free and clot-bound @entity2 . We compared the efficacy and safety of @entity8 with those of @entity7 for the prevention of @entity6 in @entity0 undergoing THR. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind study conducted principally in the USA and Canada. @entity0 received fixed-dose oral @entity8 24 mg bid or subcutaneous @entity7 30 mg bid and matched placebo for 7-12 days; both regimens were initiated the morning after surgery. The incidence of @entity6 (by postoperative day 12) included @entity3 determined by mandatory venography of the leg on which surgery was performed and symptomatic, objectively proven @entity4 or @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity6 and @entity1 events were interpreted by an independent central adjudication committee for primary analysis. RESULTS: Of the 1838 @entity0 randomized, 1557 had either adequate venography or symptomatic, proven @entity6 (efficacy population). Overall rate of venography acceptable for evaluation was 85.4%. Overall rates of total @entity6 were 7.9% (62 of 782 @entity0 ) in the @entity8 group and 4.6% (36 of 775 @entity0 ) in the @entity7 group, with an absolute difference of 3.3% and a 95% confidence interval for the difference of 0.9% to 5.7%. Proximal @entity4 and/or @entity5 occurred in 3.6% (28 of 782 @entity0 ) in the @entity8 group and 1.2% (nine of 774 @entity0 ) in the @entity7 group. Major @entity1 events were observed in 0.8% (seven of 906) of the @entity8 -treated @entity0 and in 0.9% (eight of 910) of the @entity7 -treated @entity0 (P > 0.95). Non-inferiority of @entity8 24 mg bid based on a prespecified margin of 5% was not met, resulting in superiority of the @entity7 regimen. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity8 and @entity7 decreased the overall rate of @entity6 compared with that reported historically. However, in this study, @entity7 30 mg bid was more effective than @entity8 24 mg bid for prevention of @entity6 in THR. Oral @entity8 was used without coagulation monitoring, was well tolerated, and had @entity1 rates comparable to those of @entity7 . Further refinement by testing a higher dose of @entity8 in the @entity0 undergoing THR is warranted.

title: Comparison of @entity8 , an oral direct @entity2 inhibitor, with XXXX for the prevention of @entity6 following total hip replacement. A randomized, double-blind study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylaxis is recommended following total joint replacement because of the high risk of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Postoperative low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) reduces the incidence of venographically detected @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to about 10-15% in total hip replacement (THR) @entity0 . @entity8 is a novel, oral direct @entity2 inhibitor that selectively and competitively inhibits both free and clot-bound @entity2 . We compared the efficacy and safety of @entity8 with those of @entity7 for the prevention of @entity6 in @entity0 undergoing THR. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind study conducted principally in the USA and Canada. @entity0 received fixed-dose oral @entity8 24 mg bid or subcutaneous @entity7 30 mg bid and matched placebo for 7-12 days; both regimens were initiated the morning after surgery. The incidence of @entity6 (by postoperative day 12) included @entity3 determined by mandatory venography of the leg on which surgery was performed and symptomatic, objectively proven @entity4 or @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity6 and @entity1 events were interpreted by an independent central adjudication committee for primary analysis. RESULTS: Of the 1838 @entity0 randomized, 1557 had either adequate venography or symptomatic, proven @entity6 (efficacy population). Overall rate of venography acceptable for evaluation was 85.4%. Overall rates of total @entity6 were 7.9% (62 of 782 @entity0 ) in the @entity8 group and 4.6% (36 of 775 @entity0 ) in the @entity7 group, with an absolute difference of 3.3% and a 95% confidence interval for the difference of 0.9% to 5.7%. Proximal @entity4 and/or @entity5 occurred in 3.6% (28 of 782 @entity0 ) in the @entity8 group and 1.2% (nine of 774 @entity0 ) in the @entity7 group. Major @entity1 events were observed in 0.8% (seven of 906) of the @entity8 -treated @entity0 and in 0.9% (eight of 910) of the @entity7 -treated @entity0 (P > 0.95). Non-inferiority of @entity8 24 mg bid based on a prespecified margin of 5% was not met, resulting in superiority of the @entity7 regimen. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity8 and @entity7 decreased the overall rate of @entity6 compared with that reported historically. However, in this study, @entity7 30 mg bid was more effective than @entity8 24 mg bid for prevention of @entity6 in THR. Oral @entity8 was used without coagulation monitoring, was well tolerated, and had @entity1 rates comparable to those of @entity7 . Further refinement by testing a higher dose of @entity8 in the @entity0 undergoing THR is warranted.

title: Comparison of @entity8 , an oral direct XXXX inhibitor, with @entity7 for the prevention of @entity6 following total hip replacement. A randomized, double-blind study.

answer: @entity2