abstract: The copulatory structure of the @entity0 male tail includes a set of nine bilaterally symmetrical pairs of sense organs known as rays. Each ray comprises three cells, which are generated by a stereotyped cell sublineage expressed by 18 epidermal ray precursor cells. A pattern formation mechanism in the epidermis guides the specification of morphogenetic differences between the rays necessary for correct organelle assembly at specific positions within the epidermis. Expression of these ray differences was altered in mutations we described previously, resulting in displaced and fused rays. Here we show that two genes of the @entity0 HOM-C/Hox gene complex play a role in the pattern formation mechanism. Increasing or decreasing the gene dosage of @entity1 , an Antennapedia homolog, and @entity2 , an Abdominal B homolog, results in displacement and fusion of specific rays. These changes are interpreted as anterior or posterior transformations in ray identities. Mutations in the genes previously described are dominant modifiers of these effects. This suggests that these genes act in the same morphogenetic pathway as @entity1 and @entity2 . Several lines of evidence, including cell ablation experiments, argue that the identity of each ray is specified cell-autonomously in the terminal cells of the ray lineages. @entity1 and @entity2 , therefore, specify the morphogenetic properties of differentiating cells, without change in cell lineage or apparent cell type. Modifier genes may act upstream of @entity1 and @entity2 to regulate their expression. Alternatively, they may act at the same step in the pathway, as cofactors, or they may be target genes. Target genes could include genes specifying cell recognition and adhesion molecules governing ray organelle assembly.

title: HOM-C/Hox genes and four interacting loci determine the morphogenetic properties of single cells in the XXXX male tail.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To provide accident surgeons working under extreme conditions with reports on the results of their efforts, the complications of resuscitation measures in 30 @entity3 in which a final fall was to be excluded were analyzed in a fundamental study. According to these results, there are two predilection sites for injuries, viz., the thorax and neck. Thus, injuries to the bones of the thorax, which had occurred in 70% of all cases, were found regularly in rigid emphysematous thorax, and in 40% in elastic thorax after external cardiac massage. The typical secondary injuries are dealt with. Because of the great danger of a @entity1 as observed in two cases, resuscitation measures using an extrathoracic cardiac massage machine appear to be problematic even if injuries to the bones of the thorax can be avoided in an elastic thorax. @entity6 after intubation occurred nearly as often as @entity2 after external cardiac massage. @entity2 were predominantly small @entity4 and abrasions at the base of the tongue and in the tonsillar ring on the right. @entity4 in the neck musculature are likely to be attributed to the @entity2 , and the retropharyngeal @entity4 to @entity5 . The single organ most frequently injured overall was the cervical spine with an injury frequency of 66%. However, there was no indication, not even in a single case, that resuscitation measures had shortened the life of a @entity0 .

title: [Direct and indirect XXXX in resuscitation (author's transl)].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 (Ang II) is an important regulator of @entity2 production by @entity0 adrenal glomerulosa (BAG) cells. Ang II interacts with a specific receptor coupled to a @entity4 -binding protein (G protein) that controls the activity of phospholipase C. A primary culture of BAG cells was used to study short-term desensitization of the Ang II receptor. After short exposures to Ang II, BAG cells lost some [125I]Ang II binding capacity. This loss was dependent on the duration of the pretreatment and on the concentration of Ang II used. A maximal loss of [125I]Ang II binding of 55 +/- 10% was observed after a pretreatment of 30 min with 30 nM Ang II. The EC50 was 1.3 +/- 0.6 nM (mean +/- SD of three experiments). The desensitization was readily reversible, since most of the binding capacity (higher than 90%) was recovered after a 60-min incubation, at 37 C, in the absence of Ang II. Scatchard studies revealed that the Ang II receptor of BAG cells exists under two affinity states with one dissociation constant of 0.2 nM and another dissociation constant of 1.5 nM. After a 30-min exposure of BAG cells to 10 nM Ang II, an important decrease of high affinity binding sites was observed. The maximal amount of binding sites was similar on control and desensitized cells (around 52,000 receptors per cell). GTP gamma S, a potent activator of G proteins, decreased [125I]Ang II binding to permeabilized BAG cells. This GTP gamma S effect was not observed on permeabilized BAG cells that had previously been desensitized with 10 nM Ang II. These results suggested that, similarly to GTP gamma S, short exposure to 10 nM Ang II caused the uncoupling of Ang II receptor from its G protein. @entity5 (a selective AT1 angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist) markedly unhibited, whereas @entity6 (a selective AT2 angioten II type 2 receptor antagonist) had no effect on Ang II receptor desensitization, indicating that the AT1 receptor subtype was responsible for the observed phenomenon. Pretreatment of BAG cells with @entity1 (a protein kinase C inhibitor) and @entity3 (a calmodulin inhibitor) did not modify Ang II-induced desensitization of AT1 receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Short-term desensitization of the angiotensin II receptor of XXXX adrenal glomerulosa cells corresponds to a shift from a high to a low affinity state.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 which may not be familiar in this country is a polypoid lesion of the cervix and has been noticed as the lesion sustained by contraceptive pills. The retrospective study was performed to clarify whether or not this lesion have been enclosed into diagnosis of cervical @entity4 at routine clinic. 1. Among 895 cases of cervical @entity4 resected at our clinic during 7 years from 1971, 7 microglandular @entity5 were found, showing 0.8% of the incidence. 2. Ages of the 7 @entity0 ranged from 42 to 52 years, and the average was 45.7. Three cases complained of @entity6 . 3. One @entity0 was taking oral contraceptives and the other was on hormonal therapy. No @entity0 was pregnant. 4. @entity4 with @entity5 were usually above the size of small finger tip. In one case, a large papillary mass (3.0 x 3.5 cm) resembling to @entity2 was experienced. 5. There were no characteristic findings in cytology except a case with enlarged and vesicular cells. 6. Histologically, the lesion consists of numerous microglandular spaces lined by regular cuboidal or flat cells without atypism. The eosinophilic cytoplasms are not vacuolated. Glands are not clearly demarcated from @entity1 . This change may be mistaken for @entity3 .

title: [ XXXX of the cervix: reevaluation of the @entity4 (author's transl)].

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 which may not be familiar in this country is a polypoid lesion of the cervix and has been noticed as the lesion sustained by contraceptive pills. The retrospective study was performed to clarify whether or not this lesion have been enclosed into diagnosis of cervical @entity4 at routine clinic. 1. Among 895 cases of cervical @entity4 resected at our clinic during 7 years from 1971, 7 microglandular @entity5 were found, showing 0.8% of the incidence. 2. Ages of the 7 @entity0 ranged from 42 to 52 years, and the average was 45.7. Three cases complained of @entity6 . 3. One @entity0 was taking oral contraceptives and the other was on hormonal therapy. No @entity0 was pregnant. 4. @entity4 with @entity5 were usually above the size of small finger tip. In one case, a large papillary mass (3.0 x 3.5 cm) resembling to @entity2 was experienced. 5. There were no characteristic findings in cytology except a case with enlarged and vesicular cells. 6. Histologically, the lesion consists of numerous microglandular spaces lined by regular cuboidal or flat cells without atypism. The eosinophilic cytoplasms are not vacuolated. Glands are not clearly demarcated from @entity1 . This change may be mistaken for @entity3 .

title: [ @entity5 of the cervix: reevaluation of the XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Advanced @entity1 has a grim prognosis: management is complicated. It may include surgery which needs to be exenterative if cure is intended, and/or @entity4 ( @entity4 ), the dose of which is limited by the radiosensitivity of adjacent structures. We report on 3 cases, in each of which the @entity1 was located in different anatomic sites, and we demonstrate how therapy was tailored to each situation. All 3 @entity0 had Stage III, @entity3 . They received external beam irradiation (EBI) 4000-5000 cGy to the pelvis. This is the maximal tolerable dose by most pelvic organs, but is not curative. Therefore brachytherapy was combined with EBI. In one @entity0 brachytherapy was given intraoperatively, following extensive @entity2 in the pelvis. Two @entity0 are alive and free of disease three and six and a half years later, and one @entity0 died of disease five years following therapy. For eradication of advanced @entity1 , treatment includes the combination of EBI and brachytherapy with or without debulking surgery, the role of which was not previously described in this setting. Treatment strategy should be adapted to the anatomic location of the @entity1 , its intravaginal extension and the age of the @entity0 .

title: The role of brachytherapy in the treatment of XXXX . A report of 3 cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two sisters, 2 and 5 years of age, suffered from acute @entity3 occurring after @entity8 with @entity4 O157. One @entity0 developed clinical signs of severe and @entity5 and @entity2 . She received transfusion and antibiotic therapy. The second @entity0 presented with mild to moderate @entity7 only. None of them developed @entity1 . In serum of both @entity0 , elevated titres of short-lived agglutinins were demonstrated in the indirect haemagglutination assay consisting of @entity6 erythrocytes coated with lipopolysaccharide from @entity4 O157. By immunoblot analysis IgM antibodies against the O157 lipopolysaccharide were demonstrated in the acute phase sera but not in follow up sera taken 2 months after disease. On erythrocyte membranes, adsorption of microbial antigens was detected by use of a pool-immunoglobulin fluorescence test. The immunological status of both @entity0 was normal. Complete recovery from @entity9 was observed without further therapy. Microbial antigens attached to the cell surface were assumed to be the pathophysiological cause of @entity4 O157 associated @entity3 in two siblings.

title: @entity3 in association with XXXX O157 infection in two sisters.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Two sisters, 2 and 5 years of age, suffered from acute @entity3 occurring after @entity8 with @entity4 O157. One @entity0 developed clinical signs of severe and @entity5 and @entity2 . She received transfusion and antibiotic therapy. The second @entity0 presented with mild to moderate @entity7 only. None of them developed @entity1 . In serum of both @entity0 , elevated titres of short-lived agglutinins were demonstrated in the indirect haemagglutination assay consisting of @entity6 erythrocytes coated with lipopolysaccharide from @entity4 O157. By immunoblot analysis IgM antibodies against the O157 lipopolysaccharide were demonstrated in the acute phase sera but not in follow up sera taken 2 months after disease. On erythrocyte membranes, adsorption of microbial antigens was detected by use of a pool-immunoglobulin fluorescence test. The immunological status of both @entity0 was normal. Complete recovery from @entity9 was observed without further therapy. Microbial antigens attached to the cell surface were assumed to be the pathophysiological cause of @entity4 O157 associated @entity3 in two siblings.

title: XXXX in association with @entity4 O157 infection in two sisters.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: With @entity2 , @entity1 can be classified into @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and the small cell subtype ( @entity7 ); yet, elucidations to this @entity2 has not been addressed. In this study, we elucidated the molecular diversity among these subtypes by investigating large-scale sequencing datasets. Among genes upregulated from normal, @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity3 to @entity7 , six hub genes were found closely correlated with adverse clinical outcome and were testified on cellular or tissue level with quantitative RT-PCR. Cox regression model was then built to generate a risk signature. The possible linkages among these genes were also explored. Transcript levels of @entity11 , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity12 , @entity8 , and @entity13 were found significantly elevated from normal, @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity3 to @entity7 . Overexpression of one or multiple of these genes was correlated with adverse overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in the whole @entity0 cohort or groups stratified according to clinical variables, while most of all six genes were independent prognostic factors. When used as a six-gene risk signature, @entity0 with high signature score displayed more unfavorable clinical variables and poorer outcome. Tight regulative relationships were found within these genes, while @entity11 and @entity9 were likely to be the drivers. We considered the @entity2 from @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to @entity7 might be due to the elevation of these six genes. We believe these genes were powerful cancer prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in @entity1 ; moreover, changes of their level might be correlated with @entity1 phenotype plasticity.

title: Combined analysis identifies six genes correlated with XXXX from non-small cell to small cell lung cancer.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A seven-year surveillance was done of the antibiotic susceptibility of @entity5 isolated from @entity0 seen in The @entity0 's Hospital, Birmingham, Ala. There were no outbreaks of hospital-acquired @entity7 during this time. Of 5,479 strains, 2,685 were from hospitalized @entity0 ; 2,794 of 5,479 were from outpatients. The incidence of @entity1 resistance increased from 76% to more than 85% between 1973 and 1979, with no significant difference noted between inpatient and outpatient strains. @entity1 resistance was similar, regardless of the clinical source (site of isolation) of staphylococci. @entity2 , soft tissue, wounds, and @entity4 perennially accounted for the greatest proportion of isolates. Thus, @entity2 represent an important reservoir for @entity1 -resistant staphylococci. Nearly all strains were susceptible to the other antibiotics tested; multiple resistance was rare. Susceptibility to @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity10 , @entity6 , and @entity11 remained stable through the years. These agents provide effective therapeutic regimens for @entity0 with @entity7 , including those with @entity1 @entity3 .

title: Sources and susceptibilities of staphylococci isolated from XXXX . A seven-year survey.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a three-in-one injection comfort system (ICS) and 10 percent @entity3 pump spray in reducing injection @entity1 in @entity0 . METHODS: Fifty eight- to 12-year-old @entity0 treated at a university pediatric dental clinic participated in this study. The @entity0 's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale was used to select nonanxious @entity0 to participate. @entity2 were treated in two separate visits with random use of either ICS or @entity3 pump spray. The @entity1 perception levels were assessed with heart rate changes, the @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS). At the end of the second visit, @entity0 's preferences were noted. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to compare the results. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the two groups in the @entity1 and WBFPRS scores, and mean heart rate changes (P>.05). However, 68 percent of the @entity0 preferred ICS. CONCLUSIONS: Both ICS and 10 percent @entity3 pump spray presented the same efficacy in reducing injection @entity1 .

title: Comparison of Topical 10 Percent XXXX and a Local Anesthetic System in Pediatric Dental @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a three-in-one injection comfort system (ICS) and 10 percent @entity3 pump spray in reducing injection @entity1 in @entity0 . METHODS: Fifty eight- to 12-year-old @entity0 treated at a university pediatric dental clinic participated in this study. The @entity0 's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale was used to select nonanxious @entity0 to participate. @entity2 were treated in two separate visits with random use of either ICS or @entity3 pump spray. The @entity1 perception levels were assessed with heart rate changes, the @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS). At the end of the second visit, @entity0 's preferences were noted. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to compare the results. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the two groups in the @entity1 and WBFPRS scores, and mean heart rate changes (P>.05). However, 68 percent of the @entity0 preferred ICS. CONCLUSIONS: Both ICS and 10 percent @entity3 pump spray presented the same efficacy in reducing injection @entity1 .

title: Comparison of Topical 10 Percent @entity3 and a Local Anesthetic System in Pediatric Dental XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antibiotic dosing in @entity2 @entity0 poses a challenge for clinicians due to the pharmacokinetic variability seen in this @entity0 population. @entity6 / @entity7 is often used for empirical treatment, and initial appropriate dosing is crucial for reducing mortality. Accordingly, we determined the pharmacokinetic profile of @entity6 (4 g) every 8 hours, during the third consecutive dosing interval, in 15 @entity0 treated empirically for @entity2 . We developed a population pharmacokinetic model to assess empirical dosing and to simulate alternative dosing regimens and modes of administration. Time above the minimal inhibitory concentration (T>MIC) predicted for each @entity0 was evaluated against clinical breakpoint MIC for @entity3 (16 mg/L). Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic ( @entity8 / @entity5 ) targets evaluated were 50% fT>4xMIC and 100% f T>MIC. A population @entity8 model was developed using NONMEM and data was best described by a two-compartment model. Central and inter-compartmental clearances were 3.6 L/h (RSE 15.7%) and 6.58 (16.4%), and central and peripheral volumes were 7.3 L (RSE 11.8 %) and 3.9 L (RSE 9.7%), respectively. @entity6 plasma concentrations varied considerably between @entity0 and were associated with levels of plasma @entity4 . @entity0 with @entity1 were more likely to achieve predefined @entity8 / @entity5 targets compared to @entity0 with preserved or augmented renal function. Simulations of alternative dosing regimens showed that frequent intermittent bolus dosing as well as dosing by extended and continuous infusion increases the probability of attaining therapeutic plasma concentrations. For @entity2 @entity0 with preserved or augmented renal function, dose increment or prolonged infusion of the drug need to be considered.

title: Population pharmacokinetics of XXXX in the early phase of @entity2 -does standard dosing result in therapeutic plasma concentrations?

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antibiotic dosing in @entity2 @entity0 poses a challenge for clinicians due to the pharmacokinetic variability seen in this @entity0 population. @entity6 / @entity7 is often used for empirical treatment, and initial appropriate dosing is crucial for reducing mortality. Accordingly, we determined the pharmacokinetic profile of @entity6 (4 g) every 8 hours, during the third consecutive dosing interval, in 15 @entity0 treated empirically for @entity2 . We developed a population pharmacokinetic model to assess empirical dosing and to simulate alternative dosing regimens and modes of administration. Time above the minimal inhibitory concentration (T>MIC) predicted for each @entity0 was evaluated against clinical breakpoint MIC for @entity3 (16 mg/L). Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic ( @entity8 / @entity5 ) targets evaluated were 50% fT>4xMIC and 100% f T>MIC. A population @entity8 model was developed using NONMEM and data was best described by a two-compartment model. Central and inter-compartmental clearances were 3.6 L/h (RSE 15.7%) and 6.58 (16.4%), and central and peripheral volumes were 7.3 L (RSE 11.8 %) and 3.9 L (RSE 9.7%), respectively. @entity6 plasma concentrations varied considerably between @entity0 and were associated with levels of plasma @entity4 . @entity0 with @entity1 were more likely to achieve predefined @entity8 / @entity5 targets compared to @entity0 with preserved or augmented renal function. Simulations of alternative dosing regimens showed that frequent intermittent bolus dosing as well as dosing by extended and continuous infusion increases the probability of attaining therapeutic plasma concentrations. For @entity2 @entity0 with preserved or augmented renal function, dose increment or prolonged infusion of the drug need to be considered.

title: Population pharmacokinetics of @entity6 in the early phase of XXXX -does standard dosing result in therapeutic plasma concentrations?

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: This pre-trial qualitative research study was carried out to explore @entity0 and clinical staff attitudes to central venous access devices (CVADs). In addition, views about participation in a @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were explored with the aim of maximising recruitment to an imminent @entity2 of three CVADs. METHODS: Three @entity0 focus groups (each comprising three @entity0 ) and 23 interviews with clinical staff were conducted. Interviews and focus group discussions were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, anonymised, uploaded to the QSR NVivo10 qualitative software programme and thematically analysed. RESULTS: Analysis of focus group interviews revealed the added challenges that a CVAD poses to @entity0 with @entity1 . Four key themes emerged: continuity of daily life, @entity3 and discomfort, stigma (a mark of disgrace associated with certain conditions) and self-preservation. The findings show the impact of a CVAD on @entity0 ' ability to manage their condition. Clinical staff interviews highlighted several potential barriers to recruitment; a lack of equipoise (genuine clinical uncertainty as to which intervention is the most beneficial), concerns about the logistics of device insertion and a perceived requirement for education and training. CONCLUSIONS: This qualitative study raises awareness of key areas of concern to @entity0 who need a CVAD for chemotherapy delivery. It was identified that there is a need for clearer @entity0 information around CVADs. Additionally it allows investigators to identify barriers to recruitment in a timely manner in order to minimise the potential for conflict between the roles of carer and researcher and consequently, maximise recruitment to the @entity2 .

title: Exploring attitudes towards a XXXX of venous access devices - a nested pre-trial qualitative study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Agonistic autoantibody to the angiotensin II type I receptor ( @entity4 -AA) is highly associated with @entity2 by increasing the sensitivity of @entity3 during pregnancy in @entity0 , thus leading to @entity2 . However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to observe @entity4 -AA amplification of @entity3 -induced vasoconstriction in @entity0 thoracic aortic rings. It was found that exposure to low concentrations of @entity4 -AA (0.4 nM) caused a contraction of <5% of the maximal response to 60 mM @entity8 . In addition, the @entity3 -induced contractile response was amplified in the presence of a threshold contraction to @entity4 -AA, as manifested by a leftward shift of the midpoint of the concentration-response curve with no change in the maximal response. These results showed that preincubation with low @entity4 -AA could amplify the @entity3 dose-response curve, and this amplification could be attenuated markedly by 0.1   M heptapeptide AFHYESQ. In @entity1 -free Krebs solution, 10   M of @entity9 (an @entity7 inhibitor) both blocked the @entity4 -AA base contraction and completely abolished the amplification. Both 5   M of @entity5 (a phospholipase C inhibitor) and 10   M of   V1-2 (an   @entity6 inhibitor) could partially inhibit the @entity3 -induced contractile response.   V1-2, but not @entity5 , could completely inhibit the amplification response of @entity4 -AA to @entity3 . These results suggest that @entity4 -AA is able to cause amplification response to @entity3 probably via the @entity1 -independent protein kinase C pathway, which may provide a new therapy strategy for @entity2 .

title: Mechanism of agonistic angiotensin II type I receptor autoantibody-amplified contractile response to XXXX in the isolated @entity0 thoracic aorta.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Agonistic autoantibody to the angiotensin II type I receptor ( @entity4 -AA) is highly associated with @entity2 by increasing the sensitivity of @entity3 during pregnancy in @entity0 , thus leading to @entity2 . However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to observe @entity4 -AA amplification of @entity3 -induced vasoconstriction in @entity0 thoracic aortic rings. It was found that exposure to low concentrations of @entity4 -AA (0.4 nM) caused a contraction of <5% of the maximal response to 60 mM @entity8 . In addition, the @entity3 -induced contractile response was amplified in the presence of a threshold contraction to @entity4 -AA, as manifested by a leftward shift of the midpoint of the concentration-response curve with no change in the maximal response. These results showed that preincubation with low @entity4 -AA could amplify the @entity3 dose-response curve, and this amplification could be attenuated markedly by 0.1   M heptapeptide AFHYESQ. In @entity1 -free Krebs solution, 10   M of @entity9 (an @entity7 inhibitor) both blocked the @entity4 -AA base contraction and completely abolished the amplification. Both 5   M of @entity5 (a phospholipase C inhibitor) and 10   M of   V1-2 (an   @entity6 inhibitor) could partially inhibit the @entity3 -induced contractile response.   V1-2, but not @entity5 , could completely inhibit the amplification response of @entity4 -AA to @entity3 . These results suggest that @entity4 -AA is able to cause amplification response to @entity3 probably via the @entity1 -independent protein kinase C pathway, which may provide a new therapy strategy for @entity2 .

title: Mechanism of agonistic angiotensin II type I receptor autoantibody-amplified contractile response to @entity3 in the isolated XXXX thoracic aorta.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Finite-element solutions to the Pennes bioheat equation are obtained with a model of a @entity1 -containing, @entity0 prostate and surrounding normal tissues. Simulations of ferromagnetic @entity2 treatments are conducted on the tissue model in which the prostate is implanted with an irregularly spaced array of thermoseeds. Several combinations of thermoseed temperatures with different Curie points are investigated. Non-uniform, constant-rate blood perfusion models are studied and compared with temperature-dependent descriptions of blood perfusion. Blood perfusions in the temperature-dependent models initially increase with tissue temperature and then decrease at higher temperatures. Simulations with temperature-dependent versus constant-rate blood perfusion models reveal significant differences in temperature distributions in and surrounding the @entity1 -containing prostate. Results from the simulations include differences (between temperature-dependent and constant-rate models) in (1) the percentage of normal tissue volume and @entity1 volume at temperatures > 42 degrees C, and (2) temperature descriptors in the @entity1 (subscript t) and normal (subscript n) tissues including Tmax.t, Tmin.t and Tmax.n. Isotherms and grey-scale contours in the @entity1 and surrounding normal tissues are presented for four simulations that model a combination of high-temperature thermoseeds. Several simulations show that Tmin.t is between 1.7 and 2.6 degrees C higher and Tmax.n is between 2.1 and 3.3 degrees C higher with a temperature-dependent versus a comparable constant-rate blood perfusion model. The same simulations reveal that the percentages of @entity1 volume at temperatures > 42 degrees C are between 0 and 68% higher with the temperature-dependent versus the constant-rate perfusion model over all seed combinations studied. In summary, a numerical method is presented which makes it possible to investigate temperature-dependent, continuous functions of blood perfusion in simulations of @entity2 treatments. Simulations with this numerical method reveal that the use of constant-rate instead of temperature-dependent blood perfusion models can be a conservative approach in treatment planning of ferromagnetic @entity2 .

title: Temperature-dependent versus constant-rate blood perfusion modelling in ferromagnetic thermoseed XXXX : results with a model of the @entity0 prostate.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Finite-element solutions to the Pennes bioheat equation are obtained with a model of a @entity1 -containing, @entity0 prostate and surrounding normal tissues. Simulations of ferromagnetic @entity2 treatments are conducted on the tissue model in which the prostate is implanted with an irregularly spaced array of thermoseeds. Several combinations of thermoseed temperatures with different Curie points are investigated. Non-uniform, constant-rate blood perfusion models are studied and compared with temperature-dependent descriptions of blood perfusion. Blood perfusions in the temperature-dependent models initially increase with tissue temperature and then decrease at higher temperatures. Simulations with temperature-dependent versus constant-rate blood perfusion models reveal significant differences in temperature distributions in and surrounding the @entity1 -containing prostate. Results from the simulations include differences (between temperature-dependent and constant-rate models) in (1) the percentage of normal tissue volume and @entity1 volume at temperatures > 42 degrees C, and (2) temperature descriptors in the @entity1 (subscript t) and normal (subscript n) tissues including Tmax.t, Tmin.t and Tmax.n. Isotherms and grey-scale contours in the @entity1 and surrounding normal tissues are presented for four simulations that model a combination of high-temperature thermoseeds. Several simulations show that Tmin.t is between 1.7 and 2.6 degrees C higher and Tmax.n is between 2.1 and 3.3 degrees C higher with a temperature-dependent versus a comparable constant-rate blood perfusion model. The same simulations reveal that the percentages of @entity1 volume at temperatures > 42 degrees C are between 0 and 68% higher with the temperature-dependent versus the constant-rate perfusion model over all seed combinations studied. In summary, a numerical method is presented which makes it possible to investigate temperature-dependent, continuous functions of blood perfusion in simulations of @entity2 treatments. Simulations with this numerical method reveal that the use of constant-rate instead of temperature-dependent blood perfusion models can be a conservative approach in treatment planning of ferromagnetic @entity2 .

title: Temperature-dependent versus constant-rate blood perfusion modelling in ferromagnetic thermoseed @entity2 : results with a model of the XXXX prostate.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In brief, the current status of our present knowledge regarding alternatives to free @entity6 is as follows: 1. Biocidal Capabilities - @entity4 is the most potent biocide of those under consideration. @entity3 is about on a par with @entity10 , the most efficient form of free residual @entity6 . @entity3 , in contrast to free residual @entity6 , increases in efficiency as pH increases above 6. @entity9 is a much weaker biocide than @entity10 ion, the least inefficient form of free residual @entity6 . 2. Health effects - All of the potential alternatives may cause some adverse health effects. @entity7 and @entity5 , two of the reaction products of @entity3 , have been shown to cause a subclinical apparently compensated @entity8 in @entity2 . On the other hand, according to very preliminary studies, @entity6 and all of the alternatives except @entity3 have been shown to produce reaction products from substances in water that can initiate @entity0 in @entity1 . Actually, all disinfectants are reactive molecules capable of altering the chemical nature of organic substances present in the water. Thus, the alternative disinfectants question relates to other aspects of water treatment particularly the use of processes for organic precursor removal prior to disinfection. 3. Technology and Economics - The simplest and most economical conversion for many utilities, would be to the use of @entity11 and the most difficult and expensive would be to the use of @entity4 . Conversion to @entity3 would be intermediate in cost.

title: XXXX , is there a better alternative?

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The choice of chemotherapy regimens is often constrained by the @entity0 's tolerance to the side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. This dose-limiting issue is a major concern in dose regimen design, which is typically focused on maximising drug benefits. Chemotherapy-induced @entity3 is one of the most prevalent @entity1 effects @entity0 experience and frequently threatens the efficient use of chemotherapy. In response, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is co-administered during chemotherapy to stimulate neutrophil production, increase neutrophil counts, and hopefully avoid @entity3 . Its clinical use is, however, largely dictated by trial and error processes. Based on up-to-date knowledge and rational considerations, we develop a physiologically realistic model to mathematically characterise the neutrophil production in the bone marrow which we then integrate with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PKPD) models of a chemotherapeutic agent and an exogenous form of @entity2 (recombinant @entity0 @entity2 , or rhG-CSF). In this work, model parameters represent the average values for a general @entity0 and are extracted from the literature or estimated from available data. The dose effect predicted by the model is confirmed through previously published data. Using our model, we were able to determine clinically relevant dosing regimens that advantageously reduce the number of rhG-CSF administrations compared to original studies while significantly improving the @entity3 status. More particularly, we determine that it could be beneficial to delay the first administration of rhG-CSF to day seven post-chemotherapy and reduce the number of administrations from ten to three or four for a @entity0 undergoing 14-day periodic chemotherapy.

title: Neutrophil dynamics during concurrent chemotherapy and @entity2 administration: Mathematical modelling guides dose optimisation to minimise XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The choice of chemotherapy regimens is often constrained by the @entity0 's tolerance to the side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. This dose-limiting issue is a major concern in dose regimen design, which is typically focused on maximising drug benefits. Chemotherapy-induced @entity3 is one of the most prevalent @entity1 effects @entity0 experience and frequently threatens the efficient use of chemotherapy. In response, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is co-administered during chemotherapy to stimulate neutrophil production, increase neutrophil counts, and hopefully avoid @entity3 . Its clinical use is, however, largely dictated by trial and error processes. Based on up-to-date knowledge and rational considerations, we develop a physiologically realistic model to mathematically characterise the neutrophil production in the bone marrow which we then integrate with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PKPD) models of a chemotherapeutic agent and an exogenous form of @entity2 (recombinant @entity0 @entity2 , or rhG-CSF). In this work, model parameters represent the average values for a general @entity0 and are extracted from the literature or estimated from available data. The dose effect predicted by the model is confirmed through previously published data. Using our model, we were able to determine clinically relevant dosing regimens that advantageously reduce the number of rhG-CSF administrations compared to original studies while significantly improving the @entity3 status. More particularly, we determine that it could be beneficial to delay the first administration of rhG-CSF to day seven post-chemotherapy and reduce the number of administrations from ten to three or four for a @entity0 undergoing 14-day periodic chemotherapy.

title: Neutrophil dynamics during concurrent chemotherapy and XXXX administration: Mathematical modelling guides dose optimisation to minimise @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Voltage-dependent properties of muscarinic receptor cationic current activated by @entity2 in single smooth muscle cells have been studied using patch-clamp recording techniques. Cells were obtained by enzymic digestion from the longitudinal muscle layer of @entity0 small intestine. 2. The inward cationic current showed a pronounced U-shaped current-voltage relationship (inward current negative). The relationship of cationic conductance to voltage could be described by a Boltzman distribution which was shifted 36 mV in the negative direction on the voltage @entity1 by increasing fractional receptor occupancy (by increasing agonist concentration from 3 to 300 microM), and in the positive direction by desensitization during prolonged application of agonist. Cationic channels opened by low and high concentrations of @entity2 at the same potential do not have identical properties. 3. Release of GTP within the cell, by flash photolysis of an inert caged precursor, had the same effect on the current-voltage relationship as increasing receptor occupancy by the agonist. Release of GDP beta S by flash photolysis had the opposite effect. 4. These various results could be explained if cationic channel opening upon receptor activation required binding of at least one alpha-GTP subunit, but the position of the activation curve on the voltage @entity1 depended critically on the concentration of activated G-protein alpha-subunits in the cell.

title: G-protein control of voltage dependence as well as gating of muscarinic metabotropic channels in XXXX ileum.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Five cases of oral @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 who had previously received radiotherapy in the head or neck region were included in this study. There were 3 @entity0 and 2 @entity0 . Four @entity0 had been irradiated for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the other for a @entity3 ( @entity3 ) involving the tongue and mouth floor. The @entity4 developed 2.5-11 years after the initial radiotherapy. Two cases of @entity4 occurred in the maxilla, two in the mandible, and the remaining one in the tongue, @entity5 and mandible. Clinically, the oral post-radiation @entity4 presented as tender, reddish, elastic, lobulated masses with surface ulceration. Radiographic examination of the involved jaws revealed a poorly defined radiolucent lesion without any periosteal or endosteal reaction. The prognosis of these @entity1 was very poor. Although aggressive multimodality treatment had been applied, 3 of 5 @entity0 eventually died of the disease, with a mean survival time of 17 months after establishing the diagnosis of @entity4 . In order to ensure the early diagnosis and treatment of this radiation-induced second @entity1 , close oral follow-up is mandatory for @entity0 who have received radiotherapy for head and @entity1 .

title: Oral post-radiation XXXX : a clinicopathological study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 inhibitory and antioxidative peptides identified by LCMS/MS, from mixed milk ( @entity2 and @entity0 ) tryptic whey protein hydrolysate, were compared with the in silico predictions. a la and    lg sequences, both from @entity2 and @entity0 , were used for in silico study. SWISS-PROT and BIOPEP protein libraries were accessed for prediction of peptide generation. Study observed gaps in the prediction versus actual results, which remain unaddressed in the literature. Many peptides obtained in vitro, were not reflected in in silico predictions. Differences in identified peptides in separate libraries were observed too. In in silico prediction, peptides with known biological activities were also not reflected. Predictions, towards generation of bioactive peptides, based upon in silico release of proteins and @entity1 sequences from different sources and thereupon validation in relation to actual results has often been reported in research literature. Given that computer aided simulation for prediction purposes is an effective research direction, regular updating of protein libraries and an effectual integration, for more precise results, is critical. The gaps addressed between these two techniques of research, have not found any address in literature. Inclusion of more flexibility with the variables, within the tools being used for prediction, and a hierarchy based database with search options for various peptides, will further enhance the scope and strength of research.

title: Discordance between in silico _ in vitro analyses of XXXX inhibitory _ antioxidative peptides from mixed milk tryptic whey protein hydrolysate.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ponies may suffer from @entity0 ( @entity0 ), an allergic IgE-mediated @entity1 , induced by allergens from @entity2 of the @entity2 spp. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To determine whether recombinant @entity2 obsoletus allergens are able to activate T cells of ponies exposed to C.  obsoletus and whether these allergen-specific responses differ between @entity0 -affected and healthy ponies. ANIMALS: Ten @entity0 -affected Shetland ponies and 10 age-matched healthy controls taken from the same stables, to ensure similar exposure to midges. METHOD: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured with two different pools of recombinant C.  obsoletus complex allergens to expand the allergen-specific T cells. These PBMC cultures were subsequently co-cultured with mature dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with the same antigens. Induction of Th1, Th2 and regulatory T (Treg) cells in these DC/PBMC co-cultures was assessed by analysis of IFN-y, IL-4, IL-10 and FoxP3 expression levels using quantitative RT-PCR and phenotyping by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Recombinant C.  obsoletus allergens increased IFN-y mRNA expression levels, percentages of IFN-y expressing (Th1) cells and CD25(high) FoxP3(+) IL-10(+) Tregs compared to unstimulated DC/PBMC co-cultures. Stimulation of IL-4 expressing Th2 cells by the recombinant allergens was far less pronounced. The DC/PBMC co-cultures did not reveal significant differences between healthy and @entity0 -affected ponies for any of the analysed parameters, except for higher IL-4 mRNA levels in @entity0 affected ponies after stimulation with one of the two allergen pools. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The recombinant C.  obsoletus complex allergens can stimulate antigen-specific Th1 and IL10 producing Treg cells and are therefore promising candidates for the immunotherapy of @entity0 .

title: Recombinant XXXX obsoletus complex allergens stimulate antigen-specific T cells of insect bite hypersensitive Shetland ponies in  vitro.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Immunohistochemical analysis of five paraffin wax-embedded @entity1 was performed to elucidate the characteristics of @entity2 nervous-tissue @entity1 . In case 1 ( @entity5 ), the neoplastic tissue was characterized by the formation of true and Homer-Wright rosettes and the existence of neuron-specific enolase. The neoplastic cells were possibly more immature than those of common @entity3 , because similar features are observed in @entity0 @entity1 . The neoplastic cells in case 2 ( @entity7 ) ranged from large cells with abundant neurofilaments to immature small cells, rarely with neurofilaments or @entity9 ( @entity9 ). Such expression suggests the presence of pluripotential cells. The neoplastic tissue in case 3 ( @entity8 ) was strikingly polymorphous, and had five elements; neuronal, astrocytic, oligodendrocytic, spindle cell and small oval cell. The neoplastic neurocytes and astrocytes were, respectively, characterized by neurofilament and @entity9 positivity. The neoplastic oligodendrocytes made a honeycomb appearance, and the neoplastic spindle cells and small oval cells were considered to be less differentiated. The @entity1 of cases 2 and 3, which contained poorly differentiated cells and revealed both neuronal and glial differentiation, may be specific to @entity2 . In case 4 ( @entity4 ), almost all the neoplastic cells were positive for S100 protein, while S100-negative fibroblasts were present in many areas of case 5 ( @entity6 ). These two @entity1 were readily distinguished histologically and immunohistochemically.

title: An immunohistochemical study of @entity5 , XXXX , @entity8 , @entity4 and @entity6 in @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Immunohistochemical analysis of five paraffin wax-embedded @entity1 was performed to elucidate the characteristics of @entity2 nervous-tissue @entity1 . In case 1 ( @entity5 ), the neoplastic tissue was characterized by the formation of true and Homer-Wright rosettes and the existence of neuron-specific enolase. The neoplastic cells were possibly more immature than those of common @entity3 , because similar features are observed in @entity0 @entity1 . The neoplastic cells in case 2 ( @entity7 ) ranged from large cells with abundant neurofilaments to immature small cells, rarely with neurofilaments or @entity9 ( @entity9 ). Such expression suggests the presence of pluripotential cells. The neoplastic tissue in case 3 ( @entity8 ) was strikingly polymorphous, and had five elements; neuronal, astrocytic, oligodendrocytic, spindle cell and small oval cell. The neoplastic neurocytes and astrocytes were, respectively, characterized by neurofilament and @entity9 positivity. The neoplastic oligodendrocytes made a honeycomb appearance, and the neoplastic spindle cells and small oval cells were considered to be less differentiated. The @entity1 of cases 2 and 3, which contained poorly differentiated cells and revealed both neuronal and glial differentiation, may be specific to @entity2 . In case 4 ( @entity4 ), almost all the neoplastic cells were positive for S100 protein, while S100-negative fibroblasts were present in many areas of case 5 ( @entity6 ). These two @entity1 were readily distinguished histologically and immunohistochemically.

title: An immunohistochemical study of @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity4 and XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Immunohistochemical analysis of five paraffin wax-embedded @entity1 was performed to elucidate the characteristics of @entity2 nervous-tissue @entity1 . In case 1 ( @entity5 ), the neoplastic tissue was characterized by the formation of true and Homer-Wright rosettes and the existence of neuron-specific enolase. The neoplastic cells were possibly more immature than those of common @entity3 , because similar features are observed in @entity0 @entity1 . The neoplastic cells in case 2 ( @entity7 ) ranged from large cells with abundant neurofilaments to immature small cells, rarely with neurofilaments or @entity9 ( @entity9 ). Such expression suggests the presence of pluripotential cells. The neoplastic tissue in case 3 ( @entity8 ) was strikingly polymorphous, and had five elements; neuronal, astrocytic, oligodendrocytic, spindle cell and small oval cell. The neoplastic neurocytes and astrocytes were, respectively, characterized by neurofilament and @entity9 positivity. The neoplastic oligodendrocytes made a honeycomb appearance, and the neoplastic spindle cells and small oval cells were considered to be less differentiated. The @entity1 of cases 2 and 3, which contained poorly differentiated cells and revealed both neuronal and glial differentiation, may be specific to @entity2 . In case 4 ( @entity4 ), almost all the neoplastic cells were positive for S100 protein, while S100-negative fibroblasts were present in many areas of case 5 ( @entity6 ). These two @entity1 were readily distinguished histologically and immunohistochemically.

title: An immunohistochemical study of @entity5 , @entity7 , XXXX , @entity4 and @entity6 in @entity2 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Immunohistochemical analysis of five paraffin wax-embedded @entity1 was performed to elucidate the characteristics of @entity2 nervous-tissue @entity1 . In case 1 ( @entity5 ), the neoplastic tissue was characterized by the formation of true and Homer-Wright rosettes and the existence of neuron-specific enolase. The neoplastic cells were possibly more immature than those of common @entity3 , because similar features are observed in @entity0 @entity1 . The neoplastic cells in case 2 ( @entity7 ) ranged from large cells with abundant neurofilaments to immature small cells, rarely with neurofilaments or @entity9 ( @entity9 ). Such expression suggests the presence of pluripotential cells. The neoplastic tissue in case 3 ( @entity8 ) was strikingly polymorphous, and had five elements; neuronal, astrocytic, oligodendrocytic, spindle cell and small oval cell. The neoplastic neurocytes and astrocytes were, respectively, characterized by neurofilament and @entity9 positivity. The neoplastic oligodendrocytes made a honeycomb appearance, and the neoplastic spindle cells and small oval cells were considered to be less differentiated. The @entity1 of cases 2 and 3, which contained poorly differentiated cells and revealed both neuronal and glial differentiation, may be specific to @entity2 . In case 4 ( @entity4 ), almost all the neoplastic cells were positive for S100 protein, while S100-negative fibroblasts were present in many areas of case 5 ( @entity6 ). These two @entity1 were readily distinguished histologically and immunohistochemically.

title: An immunohistochemical study of @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity4 and @entity6 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Immunohistochemical analysis of five paraffin wax-embedded @entity1 was performed to elucidate the characteristics of @entity2 nervous-tissue @entity1 . In case 1 ( @entity5 ), the neoplastic tissue was characterized by the formation of true and Homer-Wright rosettes and the existence of neuron-specific enolase. The neoplastic cells were possibly more immature than those of common @entity3 , because similar features are observed in @entity0 @entity1 . The neoplastic cells in case 2 ( @entity7 ) ranged from large cells with abundant neurofilaments to immature small cells, rarely with neurofilaments or @entity9 ( @entity9 ). Such expression suggests the presence of pluripotential cells. The neoplastic tissue in case 3 ( @entity8 ) was strikingly polymorphous, and had five elements; neuronal, astrocytic, oligodendrocytic, spindle cell and small oval cell. The neoplastic neurocytes and astrocytes were, respectively, characterized by neurofilament and @entity9 positivity. The neoplastic oligodendrocytes made a honeycomb appearance, and the neoplastic spindle cells and small oval cells were considered to be less differentiated. The @entity1 of cases 2 and 3, which contained poorly differentiated cells and revealed both neuronal and glial differentiation, may be specific to @entity2 . In case 4 ( @entity4 ), almost all the neoplastic cells were positive for S100 protein, while S100-negative fibroblasts were present in many areas of case 5 ( @entity6 ). These two @entity1 were readily distinguished histologically and immunohistochemically.

title: An immunohistochemical study of @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity8 , XXXX and @entity6 in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Immunohistochemical analysis of five paraffin wax-embedded @entity1 was performed to elucidate the characteristics of @entity2 nervous-tissue @entity1 . In case 1 ( @entity5 ), the neoplastic tissue was characterized by the formation of true and Homer-Wright rosettes and the existence of neuron-specific enolase. The neoplastic cells were possibly more immature than those of common @entity3 , because similar features are observed in @entity0 @entity1 . The neoplastic cells in case 2 ( @entity7 ) ranged from large cells with abundant neurofilaments to immature small cells, rarely with neurofilaments or @entity9 ( @entity9 ). Such expression suggests the presence of pluripotential cells. The neoplastic tissue in case 3 ( @entity8 ) was strikingly polymorphous, and had five elements; neuronal, astrocytic, oligodendrocytic, spindle cell and small oval cell. The neoplastic neurocytes and astrocytes were, respectively, characterized by neurofilament and @entity9 positivity. The neoplastic oligodendrocytes made a honeycomb appearance, and the neoplastic spindle cells and small oval cells were considered to be less differentiated. The @entity1 of cases 2 and 3, which contained poorly differentiated cells and revealed both neuronal and glial differentiation, may be specific to @entity2 . In case 4 ( @entity4 ), almost all the neoplastic cells were positive for S100 protein, while S100-negative fibroblasts were present in many areas of case 5 ( @entity6 ). These two @entity1 were readily distinguished histologically and immunohistochemically.

title: An immunohistochemical study of XXXX , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity4 and @entity6 in @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to define the @entity1 and to assess the contribution of high-resolution CT (HRCT) in the evaluation of @entity2 involving the lung parenchyma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed HRCT scans of 11 @entity0 with microbiologically or clinically proved @entity2 . RESULTS: In 10 @entity0 , the most characteristic HRCT finding of @entity2 was the presence of small nodules uniformly distributed throughout both lungs. The profusion of nodules was numerous in all 10 @entity0 . High-resolution CT scans showed both sharply and poorly defined, small nodules varying in sizes from 1 to 2 mm (n = 6), 1 to 3 mm (n = 2), and 1 to 4 mm (n = 2) in diameter. These nodules had a diffuse random distribution in the secondary lobule in all 10 @entity0 . In 1 of the 10 @entity0 with small nodules on HRCT, chest radiography had shown no evidence of miliary nodules in the lung. In addition to nodules, HRCT showed diffuse or localized reticular opacities superimposed on nodules in five @entity0 , especially in the lower lung zones. In 1 of all 11 @entity0 , ground-glass attenuation was the predominant abnormality seen on HRCT. CONCLUSION: We believe that in the appropriate clinical situation, @entity2 may be suggested on HRCT. Moreover, in cases with no evidence of miliary nodules on the chest radiograph, HRCT scan may depict miliary nodules in the lung parenchyma.

title: High-resolution CT appearance of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed the value of superparamagnetic @entity4 (SPIO) particles on the detection of focal @entity3 by MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity0 with one to five focal @entity3 , primarily detected with ultrasonography and/or contrast-enhanced CT, were evaluated further with unenhanced and @entity4 -enhanced MRI at 1.0 T. Superparamagnetic @entity4 particles were administered intravenously as a slow infusion. Then T1-, T2-, and proton density-weighted SE images were obtained. In addition, the performance of a short TI inversion recovery (STIR) sequence was evaluated. RESULTS: The @entity4 contrast medium had marked effects on liver signal-to-noise (S/N) and @entity1 -to-liver contrast-to-noise (C/N) ratios but only minimal effects on @entity1 S/N ratios in cases of @entity1 foci. Lesion-to-liver contrast, expressed as differences between the @entity1 and liver S/N ratios, improved very significantly after SPIO infusion with all four pulse sequences. Contrast enhancement of the liver parenchyma was best in T2-weighted SE images, but the @entity1 -to-liver C/N values were highest with the postcontrast STIR sequence. The SPIO enhancement revealed a number of additional focal lesions (31%), also foci under 1 cm in diameter. In three benign focal lesions, SPIO infusion produced a definite reduction in the S/N ratio of the lesions in contrast to the minimal change measured in malignant foci. The favorable performance of the STIR sequence contradicts the disappointing results previously obtained at 0.6 T. CONCLUSION: Superparamagnetic @entity4 is a promising new contrast medium for MR examinations of the liver, increasing the conspicuity and reducing the detectability threshold of focal @entity2 .

title: XXXX with superparamagnetic @entity4 : value of STIR and SE imaging.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed the value of superparamagnetic @entity4 (SPIO) particles on the detection of focal @entity3 by MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity0 with one to five focal @entity3 , primarily detected with ultrasonography and/or contrast-enhanced CT, were evaluated further with unenhanced and @entity4 -enhanced MRI at 1.0 T. Superparamagnetic @entity4 particles were administered intravenously as a slow infusion. Then T1-, T2-, and proton density-weighted SE images were obtained. In addition, the performance of a short TI inversion recovery (STIR) sequence was evaluated. RESULTS: The @entity4 contrast medium had marked effects on liver signal-to-noise (S/N) and @entity1 -to-liver contrast-to-noise (C/N) ratios but only minimal effects on @entity1 S/N ratios in cases of @entity1 foci. Lesion-to-liver contrast, expressed as differences between the @entity1 and liver S/N ratios, improved very significantly after SPIO infusion with all four pulse sequences. Contrast enhancement of the liver parenchyma was best in T2-weighted SE images, but the @entity1 -to-liver C/N values were highest with the postcontrast STIR sequence. The SPIO enhancement revealed a number of additional focal lesions (31%), also foci under 1 cm in diameter. In three benign focal lesions, SPIO infusion produced a definite reduction in the S/N ratio of the lesions in contrast to the minimal change measured in malignant foci. The favorable performance of the STIR sequence contradicts the disappointing results previously obtained at 0.6 T. CONCLUSION: Superparamagnetic @entity4 is a promising new contrast medium for MR examinations of the liver, increasing the conspicuity and reducing the detectability threshold of focal @entity2 .

title: @entity3 with superparamagnetic XXXX : value of STIR and SE imaging.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The identification of a family of SINE retroposons dispersed in the genome of @entity1 @entity1 has provided the basis for an evolutionary analysis of retroposition in plants. The repetitive elements (called S1Bn) are 170 bp long and occupy roughly 500 loci by haploid genome. They present characteristic features of SINE retroposons such as a 3' terminal A-rich region, two conserved polymerase III motifs (box A and B), flanking direct repeats of variable sizes, and a primary and secondary sequence homology to several tRNA species. A consensus sequence was made from the alignment of 34 members of the family. The retroposon population was divided into five subfamilies based on several correlated sets of mutations from the consensus. These precise separations in subfamilies based on "diagnostic" mutations and the random distribution of mutations observed inside each subfamily are consistent with the master sequence model proposed for the dispersion of @entity0 retroposons. An independent analysis of each subfamily provides strong evidence for the coexpression of at least three @entity2 ( @entity2 ). In contrast to @entity0 retroposition, diagnostic positions are not shared between @entity2 . We therefore propose that @entity2 were all derived from a general master sequence (GMS) and independently activated for retroposition after a variable period of random drift. Possible models for plant retroposition are discussed.

title: An analysis of retroposition in plants based on a family of SINEs from XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Peritoneovenous shunts (LeVeen) were placed in 52 @entity0 with intractable @entity5 due to @entity6 between March 1975 and June 1978. The @entity5 was defined as intractable if it persisted despite at least six weeks of in-hospital medical management. Only 4.5% of such @entity0 seen during this interval met this criterion by failing to respond to intensive drug and diet therapy. Eight (15%) died five to 60 days postoperatively; six of these did not undergo diuresis. @entity1 and @entity3 were important contributing factors. There were 21 late deaths (mean survival, 16 months), primarily related to complications characteristic of this group of cirrhotics: @entity4 and @entity2 . Twenty-three @entity0 were alive by June 25, 1980, with mean survival of 46 months. Four @entity0 operated on five or more years ago survive without @entity5 . An accurately placed LeVeen shunt dramatically relieves intractable @entity5 with improvement in renal function, nutrition, and general health. The operation enables at least partial rehabilitation so that ambulatory care becomes feasible for many of these chronically and seriously disabled @entity0 .

title: Intractable XXXX treated with peritoneovenous shunts (LeVeen). A 24- to 64-month follow-up of results in 52 alcoholic cirrhotics.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Long-term potentiation (LTP) of inhibitory synaptic transmission in @entity0 visual cortex was investigated using intracellular recording in slice preparations. The inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) of layer V cells evoked monosynaptically by layer IV stimulation was recorded while excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were blocked by adding @entity1 and non- @entity1 receptor antagonists to the perfusate. Separate presynaptic fiber groups were activated by two stimulating electrodes placed in layer IV. One electrode was used to test the effect of conditioning stimulation; the other served as a control. Trains of high-frequency stimulation (50 Hz, 1 sec) were applied at an interval of 10 sec as a conditioning stimulation. The LTP of IPSP induced by the conditioning stimulation had properties similar to those known for LTP of EPSP in hippocampal @entity2 : (1) it was specific to the conditioned pathway; (2) repetitive application of the conditioning stimulation saturated the LTP; (3) LTP was induced by conditioning stimulation at intensities higher than a threshold; (4) weak conditioning stimulation to one pathway, which alone failed to induce LTP, induced associative LTP when strong conditioning stimulation was simultaneously applied to the other pathway; (5) weak conditioning stimulation sometimes induced short-term potentiation. In contrast to these similarities, LTP of IPSP was induced by a wider range of stimulus frequencies than that capable of generating LTP of EPSPs in @entity2 . It was induced not only by a brief high-frequency stimulation but also by an intermediate-frequency (2 Hz) stimulation continued for 5 min. In addition, the LTP induction was not dependent on postsynaptic membrane potential. Finally, the LTP of IPSP was more easily induced in developing than in mature @entity0 . This age dependence suggests that LTP of IPSPs may contribute to the improvement of response selectivity of visual cortical cells through visual experience during postnatal development.

title: Age-dependent long-term potentiation of inhibitory synaptic transmission in XXXX visual cortex.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the Danish Cancer Registry, 72 @entity1 in @entity0 younger than 15 years of age were recorded during the period 1943-1989 and material from 34 of these was retrieved from Danish departments of pathology. The histological types were evaluated and the role of immunohistochemical staining was analysed. The survival of the @entity0 was correlated with the histological diagnoses, and changes in the incidence of @entity1 in childhood were analysed. Twenty-nine of the 34 @entity0 had germ cell @entity1 , which fell into two groups (infantile and pubertal) with distinct differences. The @entity1 of infancy usually presented before the age of 3 years and were either pure yolk sac @entity1 or @entity2 . The @entity1 of puberty showed no morphological or immunohistochemical differences from adult germ cell @entity1 . In the infantile group, immunohistochemical staining confirmed the morphological evaluation but was not necessary for diagnosis. @entity0 in the infantile group seemed to have a better prognosis than adult @entity0 , only one @entity0 dying from his disease, whereas the pubertal @entity0 seemed to have a prognosis similar to that of adult @entity0 . The incidence of @entity1 in Denmark appears to have increased at almost the same rate as that observed in adult @entity0 , but due to the small numbers in infancy, this cannot be statistically substantiated. We conclude that the testicular germ cell @entity1 of infancy and puberty may arise from different precursor cells, but both groups seem to arise prenatally.

title: XXXX of childhood in Denmark, 1943-1989: incidence and evaluation of histology using immunohistochemical techniques.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) is a normal physiological response of the neonate to cold exposure, characterized by increased blood flow to metabolically active brown fat stores. It is standard practice during neonatal surgery to warm the ambient environment in order to avoid consuming vital energy stores. While NST has been well-studied in the neonate, the response during anesthesia and @entity2 has not been fully characterized. @entity1 pups (aged 1 to 7 days) were randomized into several groups. The experimental groups consisted of animals mechanically ventilated and administered either @entity8 , @entity7 , curare, @entity4 , @entity6 ( @entity5 ), or @entity3 . The controls were spontaneously breathing animals. @entity0 consumption (VO2), an index of metabolic activity, was measured at thermoneutrality (39 degrees C) and after cold exposure (25 degrees C). Control and @entity8 animals had a significant increase in VO2 in response to cold exposure. The increase in VO2 was not noted in animals that received curare, @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity5 , or @entity3 . To test the effect of anesthetic withdrawal during cold exposure on VO2, additional series of animals were studied. One group received continuous @entity3 throughout the period of cold exposure; the other had cessation of the @entity3 during cold exposure. Both groups were rewarmed subsequently. The animals that had withdrawal of @entity3 during cold exposure had a marked and significant increase in VO2 compared with the control group (continuous @entity3 ). VO2 returned to near-baseline levels upon rewarming. The authors conclude that many commonly used anesthetic and paralyzing agents inhibit the thermogenic response to cold exposure. However, cessation of anesthesia ( @entity3 ) in a cold environment results in a marked increase in metabolic activity.

title: Anesthesia blocks nonshivering thermogenesis in the neonatal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 are extremely rare. We present three cases and discuss cause, diagnosis, and treatment. Three @entity0 , a 23-year-old @entity0 , a 31-year-old @entity0 , and a 39-year-old @entity0 , were referred with symptomatic varicose veins of the arm. None of the @entity0 had lower extremity varicosities. Diagnosis was made by physical examination, noninvasive and invasive procedures, and excluded @entity1 . Surgical treatment, similar to that for lower extremity varicose veins, entailed ligation and stripping of the varicose veins. Ligation and stripping were performed and successfully eliminated the varicosities with prevention of recurrence with a mean follow-up of 17 months. Although @entity2 are extremely rare, they can be readily diagnosed and successfully treated, similar to lower extremity varicose veins. Although not proven, the cause is likely identical to lower extremity varicose veins. Excellent functional and cosmetic results can be obtained with surgical treatment.

title: XXXX : a report of three cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The six major components of @entity6 , a new antibiotic complex produced by Micromonospora verruculosa MCRL 0404 showed a similar type of antimicrobial spectrum. Among these components, VA-2 exhibited the most potent antimicrobial activity, particularly significantly against some Gram-positive bacteria and Neisseria. VA-2 and @entity5 also exhibited marked inhibitory effects against L-forms of @entity2 209P and @entity4 . The MICs of VA-2, @entity7 and @entity5 were remarkably affected by the pH of the test medium, the inoculum size and the amount of horse serum added in the medium. By intraperitoneal administration, these components showed good protective effects in @entity0 infected intraperitoneally with @entity2 Smith. However, the protective effect decreased remarkably by other administration routes. In addition, components such as VA-2 and @entity5 exhibited @entity1 against HeLa S-3 cells in vitro and excellent in vivo antitumor activity against @entity3 . VA-2 possessed a high order of acute @entity1 to @entity0 [LD50:1.9 mg/kg (i.p.); 1.8 mg/kg (i.v.)], but others were relatively less toxic.

title: Studies on a new antibiotic XXXX produced by Micromonospora. III. Biological activities.

answer: @entity6


abstract: 1 In the pithed @entity0 , muscarine (2.5-10 microgram/kg i.v.) normally produced @entity2 , but @entity1 were seen in the presence of @entity7 (0.1-1.0 mg/kg i.v.) and @entity8 (0.1-5.0 mg/kg i.v.). 2 The @entity1 was probably a result of muscarinic receptor stimulation, because it was antagonized by @entity5 (10 microgram/kg i.v.) and @entity6 (10-30 microgram/kg i.v.). The location of these muscarinic receptors is probably within the sympathetic ganglia since the @entity1 were inhibited by pretreatment with @entity3 (1 mg/kg i.v.) or @entity4 (5 mg/kg i.p. 24 h prior to study). 3 In the @entity0 isolated atria preparation, @entity7 was 86 times more potent as an antagonist of the effects of muscarine than in the @entity0 isolated superior cervical ganglion. The mechanism of action in both tissues may be non-competitive. 4 @entity7 selectivity antagonized atrial inhibitory muscarinic responses compared to excitatory muscarinic responses in sympathetic ganglia in the @entity0 .

title: A comparison of the muscarinic antagonist actions of @entity7 and XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: 1 In the pithed @entity0 , muscarine (2.5-10 microgram/kg i.v.) normally produced @entity2 , but @entity1 were seen in the presence of @entity7 (0.1-1.0 mg/kg i.v.) and @entity8 (0.1-5.0 mg/kg i.v.). 2 The @entity1 was probably a result of muscarinic receptor stimulation, because it was antagonized by @entity5 (10 microgram/kg i.v.) and @entity6 (10-30 microgram/kg i.v.). The location of these muscarinic receptors is probably within the sympathetic ganglia since the @entity1 were inhibited by pretreatment with @entity3 (1 mg/kg i.v.) or @entity4 (5 mg/kg i.p. 24 h prior to study). 3 In the @entity0 isolated atria preparation, @entity7 was 86 times more potent as an antagonist of the effects of muscarine than in the @entity0 isolated superior cervical ganglion. The mechanism of action in both tissues may be non-competitive. 4 @entity7 selectivity antagonized atrial inhibitory muscarinic responses compared to excitatory muscarinic responses in sympathetic ganglia in the @entity0 .

title: A comparison of the muscarinic antagonist actions of XXXX and @entity8 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: This study examines the structure of mucosal glands in the walls of the hamster maxillary recess, compares the histochemical appearance of nasal glands to their @entity1 content, and determines the vulnerability of nasal glands to @entity2 @entity0 . Observations were made on plastic-embedded tissue with light and transmission electron microscopes. Determinations of total @entity1 in mucosal samples were conducted with @entity3 . Experimental hamsters were administered 0.2 micrograms of @entity2 (IP)/gm body weight/day for five days. Types of granules present in the later nasal gland (LNG) and glands of the maxillary recess (MRGs) include: 2.0 micrometers lightly basophilic, lightly electron-dense granules and 1.5 micrometers strongly basophilic, electron-dense granules in the same acinar cell type in both the LNG and MRGs; 1.5 micrometers metachromatic granules in some acinar cells of the LNG; 1.0 micrometer moderately electron-dense granules in cells of @entity4 ducts; and 0.7 micrometers electron-dense granules in cells of LNG intercalated ducts. Acid glycoproteins, demonstrable by histochemistry, are present in the LNG but not in the MRGs. However, the total @entity1 content of tissues from @entity4 tissue is greater than that of other tissues measured. A minor number of LNG acini, those with metachromatic granules, have branching basal cytoplasmic projections. Many dark cells are present in striated ducts of the LNG. Histological alteration due to @entity2 @entity0 , conspicuous in parotid salivary parenchyma, is greater in @entity4 than in LNG tissue.

title: Hamster nasal glands: their structure, @entity1 content, and vulnerability to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study examines the structure of mucosal glands in the walls of the hamster maxillary recess, compares the histochemical appearance of nasal glands to their @entity1 content, and determines the vulnerability of nasal glands to @entity2 @entity0 . Observations were made on plastic-embedded tissue with light and transmission electron microscopes. Determinations of total @entity1 in mucosal samples were conducted with @entity3 . Experimental hamsters were administered 0.2 micrograms of @entity2 (IP)/gm body weight/day for five days. Types of granules present in the later nasal gland (LNG) and glands of the maxillary recess (MRGs) include: 2.0 micrometers lightly basophilic, lightly electron-dense granules and 1.5 micrometers strongly basophilic, electron-dense granules in the same acinar cell type in both the LNG and MRGs; 1.5 micrometers metachromatic granules in some acinar cells of the LNG; 1.0 micrometer moderately electron-dense granules in cells of @entity4 ducts; and 0.7 micrometers electron-dense granules in cells of LNG intercalated ducts. Acid glycoproteins, demonstrable by histochemistry, are present in the LNG but not in the MRGs. However, the total @entity1 content of tissues from @entity4 tissue is greater than that of other tissues measured. A minor number of LNG acini, those with metachromatic granules, have branching basal cytoplasmic projections. Many dark cells are present in striated ducts of the LNG. Histological alteration due to @entity2 @entity0 , conspicuous in parotid salivary parenchyma, is greater in @entity4 than in LNG tissue.

title: Hamster nasal glands: their structure, XXXX content, and vulnerability to @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: During a five-year prospective study of @entity0 compliance with the Hemoccult slide test as a screen for @entity2 , 772 adults above 40 years of age received 1,693 sets of Hemoccult slides. Overall compliance with returning the slides was 75 percent. Compliance remained high with repeat testing. Sixty percent of @entity0 returned all sets of slides. Thirty percent of @entity0 who did not return the first two sets of slide ultimately changed their behavior and returned subsequent slides. Two to five minutes of provider time were required for instruction and distribution of the first set of slides. Distribution of subsequent sets of slides required less than one minute of provider time. Three @entity1 were detected during the study period. Two of these @entity1 were diagnosed only by colonoscopy or subsequent surgery and were missed by rigid sigmoidoscopy and barium enema. Stool occult blood screening for @entity2 is accepted by @entity0 and requires little physician time in the private practice, fee-for-service setting.

title: Stool occult blood screening for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The experience in the surgical treatment of @entity3 of the thoracic aorta is discussed. Twenty-two @entity0 were seen from 1970 to 1980. They were divided into three groups, according to delay between injury and aortic repair: 1 degree emergency group: 16 @entity0 ; 2 degree delayed group: 3 @entity0 ; 3 degrees chronic group: 3 @entity0 . All @entity0 had a widened @entity8 and the aortography confirmed the diagnosis. In the first group four @entity0 died before surgery could be started and four after aortic repair from 10 days to 6 seeks postoperatively. In the second and third group all @entity0 survived. Of 22 cases, 21 @entity3 were located at the aortic isthmus and 1 at the aortic arch. Many @entity0 had various other injuries, skeletal, abdominal or cerebral. All, but one @entity0 , were operated with the aid of a partial pulsatile left heart bypass to avoid cerebral @entity1 and @entity2 , and to prevent kidney and @entity7 . One @entity0 was operated, according to the method of Crawford, with blood pressure controlled with @entity6 . We have not observed in our @entity0 paresis or @entity5 after surgery. The hospital mortality of the surgical treated @entity0 was 34% in the emergency group and 0% in the delayed and chronic group. Surgical treatment is essential in emergency situation, as a @entity3 may be fatal and repair of the chronic post-traumatic false @entity4 is advocated, as their prognosis is unpredictable.

title: XXXX of the thoracic aorta.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 has been a challenging problem for every surgeon. It develops spontaneously, postoperatively or post-traumatically. @entity3 develops following @entity4 . @entity9 is an important cause in developing countries. @entity1 develops after enteric perforation or @entity6 . @entity5 , penetrating or perforating, isolated or part of multiple injuries--can lead to @entity3 . @entity3 is more common after emergency surgery, especially in malnourished @entity0 . @entity3 leads to unnatural losses of fluid and electrolytes and @entity7 . Infection is generally a causative factor or the malnourished @entity0 with @entity3 develops @entity2 very fast. Assessment of the general condition of the @entity0 and the level of the @entity3 is very important in treating the @entity0 . Correction of fluid and electrolyte balance, control of @entity2 and supplementation of nutrition is the basis of treatment. Improved parasurgical care and @entity8 has improved the survival rate and the spontaneous healing, reducing the need for surgical intervention.

title: Faecal fistulae in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: During the phase I clinical trial of a new antitumor agent, @entity8 , the pharmacology was studied in 18 @entity1 @entity0 . The drug was infused intravenously (IV) for 3 h at doses ranging from 1 to 3.6 mg/m2 per day for 5 days. The plasma drug disappearance curves were biphasic, with a fast initial half-life of less than 15 min. The second half-life ( @entity7 ) varied from 0.7 to 38 h among different @entity0 and was not dose-related. The difference between the @entity7 on day 1 and that on day 5 was not significant. In @entity0 with normal liver function, the mean plasma concentration at the end of infusion was 22 ng/ml, and the value of the area under the concentration X time curve (AUC) was 111 (ng/ml)h. In contrast, in @entity0 with @entity5 the corresponding values were 115 ng/ml and 830 (ng/ml)h, respectively. In addition, these @entity0 had a slower elimination half-life of 10.9 h and a decreased total clearance of 157 ml/min/m2, as compared with 2.6 h and 671 ml/min/m2, respectively, for the normal group. All these differences were statistically significant. @entity0 with @entity5 developed more severe @entity2 , including fever, severe @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity6 . Two @entity0 with severe @entity5 received a reduced dose and developed no @entity2 . These results demonstrated the importance of the effects of @entity5 on drug disposition and showed that the dosage should be reduced in @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: Clinical pharmacology of XXXX by radioimmunoassay.

answer: @entity8


abstract: One hundred chronic alcoholics, who were hospitalized in our ward for @entity1 directly or indirectly due to a prolonged and continual consumption of @entity3 , have been treated with @entity7 in doses varying from 600 up to 1200 mg/die. The drug was administered either per os or by injection. 50 of these @entity0 were given, at the same time, graded doses of @entity3 per os. The purpose of this study was to analyse the preventive and therapeutical effects of the drug both on ten "target symptoms" examined separately, and on the onset and duration of the @entity3 @entity5 . We have noticed that decreasing doses of @entity3 , in the first days of hospitalization, were unable to reduce significantly the onset of fits of delirium @entity6 . @entity7 showed a reasonably good therapeutical activity on some features of the "target symptoms": it shortened the average duration of the symptoms, while it did not prove better than @entity4 in inhibiting the onset of the same. The drug was unable to prevent the onset of the @entity5 , and, even if it had a favourable control over the symptoms, it was unable to shorten their duration. The mortality rate was similar to that of other reviews where @entity4 , or major drugs acting on the nervous system, were employed. The sedative action of @entity7 , even at higher doses, was insignificant, and its hypnotic effect almost absent. No @entity2 have been observed, at least up to 1000 mg/die.

title: [Prevention and therapy of delirium @entity6 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: One hundred chronic alcoholics, who were hospitalized in our ward for @entity1 directly or indirectly due to a prolonged and continual consumption of @entity3 , have been treated with @entity7 in doses varying from 600 up to 1200 mg/die. The drug was administered either per os or by injection. 50 of these @entity0 were given, at the same time, graded doses of @entity3 per os. The purpose of this study was to analyse the preventive and therapeutical effects of the drug both on ten "target symptoms" examined separately, and on the onset and duration of the @entity3 @entity5 . We have noticed that decreasing doses of @entity3 , in the first days of hospitalization, were unable to reduce significantly the onset of fits of delirium @entity6 . @entity7 showed a reasonably good therapeutical activity on some features of the "target symptoms": it shortened the average duration of the symptoms, while it did not prove better than @entity4 in inhibiting the onset of the same. The drug was unable to prevent the onset of the @entity5 , and, even if it had a favourable control over the symptoms, it was unable to shorten their duration. The mortality rate was similar to that of other reviews where @entity4 , or major drugs acting on the nervous system, were employed. The sedative action of @entity7 , even at higher doses, was insignificant, and its hypnotic effect almost absent. No @entity2 have been observed, at least up to 1000 mg/die.

title: [Prevention and therapy of delirium XXXX with @entity7 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Between 1970 and 1981, 35 @entity0 with @entity2 of the diaphragma were treated. @entity1 , mostly caused by traffic accidents, predominates. The localization, type and dimensions of the diaphragmatic tear are studied. Among the associated visceral lesions, lacerations of the spleen and the liver are most often seen. Clinical and diagnostic aspects are discussed. Traumatic @entity2 is an absolute surgical indication. In the early cases, with few exceptions, a primary abdominal approach is advocated. In the delayed category a thoracotomy is mostly preferred. Operative mortality in the early cases is mainly due to the magnitude of the associated lesions. No mortality occurred in the delayed category. Long term results in controlled @entity0 were very satisfactory.

title: [Surgical experiences with traumatic XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Water, sediment, plankton, and animal samples from five coastal sites from North Carolina to Georgia were sampled for their @entity3 -fermenting vibrio populations. Over 20% of all vibrios tested were @entity2 negative and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) positive, suggesting identification as the @entity0 pathogen @entity5 . These vibrios were isolated from all sample sites and sources (water, sediment, plankton, and animals). Correlations with several of 19 environmental parameters monitored at each site were found for total vibrios. The presence of ONPG-positive, @entity2 -negative vibrios was correlated with @entity6 levels in the water and, in the case of plankton samples, with salinity. A total of 279 @entity2 -negative, ONPG-positive isolates were subjected to numerical taxonomic analysis, which resulted in three major clusters. Cluster I corresponded to and included 11 reference strains of @entity5 . Cluster II contained the largest number (133) of isolates, of which the great majority were bioluminescent. Although having a resemblance to @entity7 , the isolates were ONPG positive and many were @entity4 positive. Cluster III consisted of strains similar to the group F vibrios ( @entity9 ). Of all of the isolates, 55% were luminescent, of which over 20% were lethal when injected into @entity1 . Problems involved in detecting @entity3 fermentation among marine vibrios and the potential pathogenicity of these organisms are discussed.

title: Distribution and ecology of XXXX and other @entity3 -fermenting marine vibrios in coastal waters of the southeastern United States.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Water, sediment, plankton, and animal samples from five coastal sites from North Carolina to Georgia were sampled for their @entity3 -fermenting vibrio populations. Over 20% of all vibrios tested were @entity2 negative and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) positive, suggesting identification as the @entity0 pathogen @entity5 . These vibrios were isolated from all sample sites and sources (water, sediment, plankton, and animals). Correlations with several of 19 environmental parameters monitored at each site were found for total vibrios. The presence of ONPG-positive, @entity2 -negative vibrios was correlated with @entity6 levels in the water and, in the case of plankton samples, with salinity. A total of 279 @entity2 -negative, ONPG-positive isolates were subjected to numerical taxonomic analysis, which resulted in three major clusters. Cluster I corresponded to and included 11 reference strains of @entity5 . Cluster II contained the largest number (133) of isolates, of which the great majority were bioluminescent. Although having a resemblance to @entity7 , the isolates were ONPG positive and many were @entity4 positive. Cluster III consisted of strains similar to the group F vibrios ( @entity9 ). Of all of the isolates, 55% were luminescent, of which over 20% were lethal when injected into @entity1 . Problems involved in detecting @entity3 fermentation among marine vibrios and the potential pathogenicity of these organisms are discussed.

title: Distribution and ecology of @entity5 and other XXXX -fermenting marine vibrios in coastal waters of the southeastern United States.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 pediatric wards are particularly at risk of @entity4 . Therefore, the newest principles of prevention of @entity2 should be implemented and monitored. AIM: 1) to determine the prevalence, etiology and clinical manifestations of @entity4 in hospitalized @entity0 ; 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of procedures that aim at preventing @entity8 and catheter-related bloodstream @entity2 ; 3) to analyse the incidence of @entity5 among staff in two consecutive seasons of the epidemic @entity5 H1N1 (2009/2010 and 2010/2011); 4) to promote vaccinations of the medical staff. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 4432 @entity0 hospitalized from October 2007 to December 2009 and 57 medical staff (doctors, nurses, orderlies). The effectiveness was assessed of prevention procedures for @entity4 and morbidity, and of vaccination against @entity5 among the @entity9 , as de  ned by the Act on the prevention and @entity2 and @entity1 @entity0 and the criteria developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: @entity4 were diagnosed in 2.2% of hospitalized @entity0 , where 96% were of acute @entity7 ; 3% were bloodstream @entity2 associated with peripheral vascular catheter. The 1% had @entity6 ( @entity5 ). @entity3 were caused by the rotavirus (78%), norovirus (13%) and adenovirus (0.9%). In 1.1% of cases the etiology had not been determined. As a result of implementing prophylactic activities, a statistically signi  cant reduction of the incidence of @entity4 by the rotavirus was achieved (from 7.1 to 1.5%). The occurrence catheter-related bloodstream @entity2 was entirely eliminated. @entity5 were reported in 7% of the medical staff in the season of 2009/2010 and 5% in the season of 2010/2011. 42% of the medical staff was immunized against the @entity5 (92% of doctors, 7% nurses, 0% orderlies). CONCLUSIONS: The most common cause of @entity4 in the pediatric ward are rotaviruses. @entity8 and catheter-related bloodstream @entity2 are possible to be effectively prevented through regular, proactive preventive measures. Vaccinations of the medical @entity9  against @entity5 medical staff against @entity5 still require implementing measures of a promotional and educational character.

title: [Prevention of XXXX in the pediatric ward - own experiences].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Several studies have suggested an asymmetry in Meyer's loop in individuals, with the left loop anterior to the right. In this study we test the hypothesis that there is an association between Meyer's loop asymmetry (MLA) and language lateralisation. METHODS: 57 @entity0 with @entity1 were identified with language functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion MRI acquisition. Language lateralisation indices from fMRI( @entity2 ) and optic radiation and arcuate fasciculus probabilistic tractography was performed for each subject. The subjects were divided into left language dominant ( @entity2 >0.4) and non-left language groups ( @entity2 <0.4) according to their @entity2 . RESULTS: A negative linear correlation was identified between language lateralisation and MLA, with greater left lateralised language associated with more anteriorly placed left Meyer's loops (R value -0.34, p=0.01). There was a significant difference in mean MLA between the two groups, with the left loop being anterior to the right loop in the @entity2 >0.4 group and posterior to the right loop in the @entity2 <0.4 group (p=0.003). No correlation was found between language lateralisation and arcuate fasciculus volume. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests an association between the extent of Meyer's loop asymmetry and the lateralisation of language determined by fMRI in @entity0 with @entity1 . Further studies should be carried out to evaluate this association in control subjects and with other measures of language lateralisation.

title: Meyer's loop asymmetry and language lateralisation in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether preoperative @entity3 provides risk stratification for perioperative @entity1 in @entity0 undergoing noncardiac surgery. The relationship between perioperative @entity1 and @entity2 after noncardiac surgery (MINS) was explored secondarily. DESIGN: An observational study. SETTING: Two academic medical centers. @entity0 : A total of 218 @entity0 scheduled to undergo intermediate or high-risk noncardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity3 was identified preoperatively by a Reactive @entity4 -Peripheral Arterial Tonometry (RH-PAT) index. @entity1 was defined by peak delta serum @entity6 (  SCr) or @entity6 -based @entity1 : Improving global outcomes @entity5 ( @entity5 ) criteria within 7 days postoperatively. MINS was defined by peak troponin>= 0.04   g/L within 3 days postoperatively. @entity5 occurred in 22 @entity0 (10.1%). Median RH-PAT index within the study cohort was 1.64 (range 1.03-4.96) and did not differ between @entity0 with or without @entity5 . When adjusted for covariates, there was no association between RH-PAT index and either @entity5 or peak   SCr. MINS occurred in 32 @entity0 (14.7%) and was associated independently with the outcome of @entity5 (odds ratio [OR], 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-10.8; p = 0.02) and peak   SCr (b-regression coefficient 23; 95% CI, 9-37; p = 0.002). Co-occurrence of @entity5 and MINS portended a marked increase in 30-day mortality (OR, 43; 95% CI, 6-305; p = 0.001) and delayed time to discharge (hazard ratio, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.13-0.54; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity0 undergoing noncardiac surgery, preoperative endothelial function assessed by noninvasive peripheral arterial tonometry was not associated with perioperative @entity5 . @entity1 was associated strongly with MINS, and this may represent a mechanism by which @entity5 increases adverse outcomes.

title: Is Preoperative Endothelial Dysfunction a Potentially Modifiable Risk Factor for XXXX Associated With Noncardiac Surgery?

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose   This study aims to evaluate the endoscopic morphological features of @entity4 in @entity0 with refractory daytime @entity2 and/or nocturnal enuresis. @entity0 and Methods   A total of 54 consecutive @entity0 underwent endoscopy and were diagnosed with a @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (types 1-4). @entity3 type 1 was classified as severe, moderate, or mild. A transurethral incision (TUI) was mainly performed for anterior wall lesions of the @entity3 . Voiding cystourethrography and pressure flow studies (PFS) were performed before and 3 to 4 months after TUI. Clinical symptoms were evaluated 6 months after TUI, and outcomes were assessed according to PFS waveform pattern groups (synergic pattern [SP] and dyssynergic pattern [DP]). Results   All @entity0 had @entity3 type 1 and/or 3 (i.e., n   =   34 type 1, 7 type 3, and 13 types 1 and 3). There were severe (n   =   1), moderate (n   =   21), and mild (n   =   25) cases of @entity3 type 1. According to PFS, SP and DP were present in 43 and 11 @entity0 , respectively. TUI was effective in the SP group and symptoms improved in 77.4 and 69.3% of @entity0 with daytime @entity2 and nocturnal enuresis, respectively. Almost no effect was observed in the DP group. A significant decrease in the detrusor pressure was observed at maximum flow rate using PFS in the SP group. Conclusions   @entity3 type 1 encompassed lesions with a spectrum of obstructions ranging from severe to mild, with mild types whose @entity1 existed at the anterior wall of urethra occurring most frequently in @entity0 with refractory daytime @entity2 and/or nocturnal enuresis.

title: The Endoscopic Morphological Features of Congenital Posterior Urethral Obstructions in XXXX with Refractory Daytime Urinary Incontinence and Nocturnal Enuresis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: To evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention by health education and medical intervention to @entity2 Uyghur @entity0 in low-income rural areas in Xinjiang, China. Method: A multistaged (prefecture-county-township-village) stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select @entity0 in southern Xinjiang. Twelve villages in Jiangbazi Township in Jiashi County were chosen. These villages were randomly divided into six intervention groups and six control groups, and local Uyghur aged 18 years or older residing in the village for at least 6 months were interviewed for a baseline prevalence study and to select @entity0 for two years of comprehensive intervention including low dose @entity3 and the effects of the interventions were observed. Results: A total of 655 @entity0 (347 @entity0 in the intervention groups, 308 @entity0 in the control groups) were randomly selected from 12 villages in Jiangbazi Township, follow-up rate is 87.0%. Compared to baseline mean levels of TG and LDL-C were reduced by 1.39 mmol/L (p < 0.01) and 2.12 mmol/L (p < 0.01) respectively and levels of HDL-C increased by1.22 mmol/L (p < 0.01) in the intervention group. Lipids were controlled in 38.61% of the intervention groups vs. 3.57% of the control groups (p < 0.01). Compared with baseline lipid levels, TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C was significantly improved, compared with it was in control groups. Conclusions: Blood lipid levels of Uygur @entity0 with @entity2 can be effectively improved through health education combined with low-dose @entity4 administration. This suggests that national strategies in public health be developed to improve the treatments to @entity1 .

title: An Evaluation on the Effect of Health Education and of Low-Dose Statin in @entity2 among XXXX in Far Western China: A Comprehensive Intervention Study.

answer: @entity1