abstract: Exposure of @entity0 cells to 50 mM @entity4 [an inhibitor of mono( @entity1 - @entity6 )transferase] for 18 hr led to an increase in membrane associated @entity5 measured either as cholera toxin substrate or by immunoblotting with a specific antiserum. Prolonged exposure of @entity0 cells to iloprost is followed by homologous loss of iloprost sensitivity, and heterologous loss of @entity2 -dependent activation of adenylate cyclase. @entity4 reversed the loss of @entity2 sensitivity, but failed to restore iloprost-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase. These results with @entity4 in @entity0 cells contrasted with those from platelets, which also exhibit heterologous desensitization of @entity2 sensitivity following prolonged exposure to iloprost. Treatment of platelets with 50 mM @entity4 for 18 hr led to an increase of 75.0 +/- 19.4% in the amount of membrane associated cholera toxin substrate. However, there was no associated increase in the abundance of @entity5 as determined by immunoblotting. Furthermore, in platelets there was no restoration by @entity4 of the iloprost-dependent loss of @entity2 -sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. It follows that heterologous desensitization in platelets is accompanied by inactivation of @entity5 , which is retained within the plasma membrane in its inactive state. The @entity4 -dependent increase in the abundance of membrane associated cholera toxin substrate and immunoreactive @entity5 in @entity0 cells is associated with an increase of 72.0 +/- 20.3% in the levels of mRNA encoding @entity5 . The capacity of @entity4 to increase the abundance of membrane associated @entity5 was reversed when the cells were cultured in the presence of 20 micrograms/mL @entity3 . These results suggest that the ability of @entity4 to increase the abundance of @entity5 in @entity0 cells is mediated by de novo protein synthesis.

title: Inhibition of @entity1 -ribosyltransferase increases synthesis of XXXX in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells and reverses iloprost-dependent heterologous loss of @entity2 -sensitive adenylate cyclase.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The renal proximal tubule is a main target for drug-induced @entity1 . The prediction of proximal @entity1 during drug development remains difficult. Any in vitro methods based on induced pluripotent stem cell-derived renal cells had not been developed, so far. Here, we developed a rapid 1-step protocol for the differentiation of @entity0 induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) into proximal tubular-like cells. These proximal tubular-like cells had a purity of >90% after 8 days of differentiation and could be directly applied for compound screening. The nephrotoxicity prediction performance of the cells was determined by evaluating their responses to 30 compounds. The results were automatically determined using a machine learning algorithm called random forest. In this way, proximal @entity1 in @entity0 could be predicted with 99.8% training accuracy and 87.0% test accuracy. Further, we studied the underlying mechanisms of injury and drug-induced cellular pathways in these hiPSC-derived renal cells, and the results were in agreement with @entity0 and animal data. Our methods will enable the development of personalized or disease-specific hiPSC-based renal in vitro models for compound screening and nephrotoxicity prediction.

title: Prediction of drug-induced nephrotoxicity and injury mechanisms with XXXX induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells and machine learning methods.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Integrins are a large and complex family of membrane spanning alpha beta heterodimeric cell surface glycoproteins mediating cell/cell and cell/matrix interactions. Small, round, blue cell @entity1 (SRBCS) are a group of poorly differentiated @entity0 of various and in part uncertain histogenesis displaying similar cytomorphology. Among them are @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity4 [(G)NB], primitive peripheral @entity0 (pPNET) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Thirty-two SRBCS were studied immunohistochemically for the distribution of @entity5 , beta 3 and beta 4 integrins in situ. We found complex and to some extent differential patterns of @entity5 and beta 4 integrin subunit expression in different types of SRBCS: all of the @entity1 studied were consistently @entity5 +, beta 4-, alpha 2-. Four of nine @entity2 were completely negative for all other integrin subunits studied while one @entity2 was alpha 5+ throughout and three @entity2 were focally alpha 5+. Three @entity2 expressed the alpha 6 and alpha v chains. In contrast to @entity2 , pPNET and @entity3 , all of which were alpha 1-, alpha 3-, (G)NB were alpha 3+ and frequently co-expressed alpha 1. The eight pPNET and seven @entity3 studied showed a similarly restricted integrin profile that was limited to the expression of @entity5 in nearly all cases. In summary, @entity2 were @entity5 +, alpha 1-, alpha 3- and heterogeneously expressed alpha 5 and alpha 6. (G)NB were generally @entity5 +, alpha 1+, alpha 3+, alpha 5-, alpha 6-. pPNET and @entity3 were @entity5 +, alpha 1-, alpha 3-, alpha 5+, alpha 6-. The data illustrate a complex expression pattern of various integrins in SRBCS, a differential expression pattern of some of the integrin subunits among different types of SRBCS and almost identical integrin profiles in pPNET and @entity3 .

title: Differential expression of @entity5 , beta 3 and beta 4 integrins in XXXX of the small, round, blue cell category.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Integrins are a large and complex family of membrane spanning alpha beta heterodimeric cell surface glycoproteins mediating cell/cell and cell/matrix interactions. Small, round, blue cell @entity1 (SRBCS) are a group of poorly differentiated @entity0 of various and in part uncertain histogenesis displaying similar cytomorphology. Among them are @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity4 [(G)NB], primitive peripheral @entity0 (pPNET) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Thirty-two SRBCS were studied immunohistochemically for the distribution of @entity5 , beta 3 and beta 4 integrins in situ. We found complex and to some extent differential patterns of @entity5 and beta 4 integrin subunit expression in different types of SRBCS: all of the @entity1 studied were consistently @entity5 +, beta 4-, alpha 2-. Four of nine @entity2 were completely negative for all other integrin subunits studied while one @entity2 was alpha 5+ throughout and three @entity2 were focally alpha 5+. Three @entity2 expressed the alpha 6 and alpha v chains. In contrast to @entity2 , pPNET and @entity3 , all of which were alpha 1-, alpha 3-, (G)NB were alpha 3+ and frequently co-expressed alpha 1. The eight pPNET and seven @entity3 studied showed a similarly restricted integrin profile that was limited to the expression of @entity5 in nearly all cases. In summary, @entity2 were @entity5 +, alpha 1-, alpha 3- and heterogeneously expressed alpha 5 and alpha 6. (G)NB were generally @entity5 +, alpha 1+, alpha 3+, alpha 5-, alpha 6-. pPNET and @entity3 were @entity5 +, alpha 1-, alpha 3-, alpha 5+, alpha 6-. The data illustrate a complex expression pattern of various integrins in SRBCS, a differential expression pattern of some of the integrin subunits among different types of SRBCS and almost identical integrin profiles in pPNET and @entity3 .

title: Differential expression of XXXX , beta 3 and beta 4 integrins in @entity1 of the small, round, blue cell category.

answer: @entity5


abstract: From 1987 until 1993 a total of 337 @entity0 underwent a therapy for tubal pregnancy at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the University of Kiel. The percentage of cases treated by tubal-preserving @entity1 and subsequent extraction of the conceptus, increased from 59% in 1987 to 88% in 1993. In 6.5% a second look pelviscopy was performed for suspected remnants of trophoblastic tissue. Remaining trophoblastic cells can be recognised by serial determination of serum beta-hCG titers postoperatively. However, the interval of the postoperative beta-hCG decline reveals considerable interindividual variation. A regression following the "Cox Proportional Hazard" model shows that the period of the beta-hCG decline depends on the initial titer. The Kaplan Meier curve obtained via beta-hCG determination in 98 @entity0 following @entity1 until values reached 20 mIU/ml or less, shows that 50% of the @entity0 had to be controlled for more than 7 days, 10% for more than 28 days and individual @entity0 even for more than 70 days. The relative beta-hCG titers differ significantly from the unresolved group compared to the group with resolved ectopic pregnancy starting at postoperative day 2 (p < 0.01). At postoperative day 3/4 10% of the initial beta-hCG value is attained in 50% of cases. Even then a serial beta-hCG follow-up should be obtained down to the detection limit to ensure complete resolution of viable trophoblastic cells.

title: [Follow-up of beta-hCG after XXXX for therapy of tubal pregnancy].

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intrauterine @entity2 is recognized as a key mediator of both normal and preterm birth but is also associated with neonatal @entity0 . Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is often used to stimulate inflammatory pathways in animal models of @entity2 -induced @entity4 ; however, inconsistencies in maternal and neonatal responses to LPS are frequently reported. We hypothesized that LPS serotype-specific responses may account for a portion of these inconsistencies. Four different @entity3 LPS serotypes (O111:B4, O55:B5, O127:B8, and O128:B12) were administered to CD1 @entity1 via intrauterine injection at day 16 of gestation. Although control ( @entity5 -buffered saline)-treated animals were delivered at term approximately 60      15 hours postinjection (p.i.), those administered with O111:B4 were delivered 7    2 hours p.i., O55:B5 were delivered 10    3 hours p.i., O127:B8 were delivered 16    10 hours p.i., and O128:B12 were delivered 17    2 hours p.i. (data are given as means    SD). A correlation between the onset of preterm birth and myometrial activation of the inflammatory transcription factor, @entity6 , but not NF-kB was observed. Specific LPS serotypes induced differential activation of downstream contractile and inflammatory pathways in both myometrium and neonatal pup brain. Our findings demonstrate functional disparity in inflammatory pathway activation in response to differing LPS serotypes. This may account for some reported differences in models of @entity2 -induced @entity4 . Selective use of LPS serotypes may represent a useful tool for targeting specific inflammatory response mechanisms in these models.

title: Specific Lipopolysaccharide Serotypes Induce Differential Maternal and Neonatal Inflammatory Responses in a @entity1 Model of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intrauterine @entity2 is recognized as a key mediator of both normal and preterm birth but is also associated with neonatal @entity0 . Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is often used to stimulate inflammatory pathways in animal models of @entity2 -induced @entity4 ; however, inconsistencies in maternal and neonatal responses to LPS are frequently reported. We hypothesized that LPS serotype-specific responses may account for a portion of these inconsistencies. Four different @entity3 LPS serotypes (O111:B4, O55:B5, O127:B8, and O128:B12) were administered to CD1 @entity1 via intrauterine injection at day 16 of gestation. Although control ( @entity5 -buffered saline)-treated animals were delivered at term approximately 60      15 hours postinjection (p.i.), those administered with O111:B4 were delivered 7    2 hours p.i., O55:B5 were delivered 10    3 hours p.i., O127:B8 were delivered 16    10 hours p.i., and O128:B12 were delivered 17    2 hours p.i. (data are given as means    SD). A correlation between the onset of preterm birth and myometrial activation of the inflammatory transcription factor, @entity6 , but not NF-kB was observed. Specific LPS serotypes induced differential activation of downstream contractile and inflammatory pathways in both myometrium and neonatal pup brain. Our findings demonstrate functional disparity in inflammatory pathway activation in response to differing LPS serotypes. This may account for some reported differences in models of @entity2 -induced @entity4 . Selective use of LPS serotypes may represent a useful tool for targeting specific inflammatory response mechanisms in these models.

title: Specific Lipopolysaccharide Serotypes Induce Differential Maternal and Neonatal Inflammatory Responses in a XXXX Model of @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and the tolerability of a four-drug chemotherapy regimen combined with interferon alpha (IFN) in @entity4 . Between March 1991 and August 1993, 55 @entity0 with advanced @entity4 were enrolled for the present multicentre phase II study. Forty-nine @entity0 were eligible and evaluable for @entity2 ; 48 @entity0 were evaluable for response. The treatment schedule consisted of a 5-day regimen of @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity10 , plus 6 x 10(6) IU @entity9 three times weekly subcutaneously for 2 weeks starting on day 8. The cycle was repeated on day 29. Among the 48 assessable @entity0 , 16 objective responses were seen, yielding a response rate of 33% (95% confidence interval 20%-46%). Seven @entity0 achieved a complete response (CR) of a median of 6+ months (range 1+ to 21+ months) and 9 @entity0 achieved a partial response (PR) of a median of 9 months (range 4-13 months). The median overall survival was 12+ months (range 6+ to 23+ months) for the @entity0 with CR and 15+ months (range 8-20 months) for the @entity0 with PR. Even the survival of the 7 @entity0 with stable disease was fairly long (median 12, range 7-17 months), appearing to be significantly longer than the survival of the 25 @entity0 with @entity1 (median 5, range 1-24+ months). The treatment was moderately well tolerated, although all @entity0 experienced some mild form of @entity2 , mostly gastrointestinal symptoms, @entity7 and haematotoxicity. Grade 3-4 adverse effects were noted in 39% of the @entity0 . No toxic @entity3 occurred. It can be concluded that the present regimen produces meaningful responses for @entity0 with @entity4 . A randomised study is needed to determine the effect on survival.

title: Intermittent interferon and polychemotherapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We have previously shown in a @entity3 prostate model that a noncontact low power neodymium:YAG laser regimen of 15 watts for 180 seconds yields a larger volume of @entity1 than the currently recommended high power regimen of 50 watts for 60 seconds. These 2 regimens have not yet been compared in @entity0 . The objective of this study was to evaluate histopathologically the thermocoagulation effect of these 2 laser regimens in the @entity0 prostate and the effect of the spatial distribution of the laser lesions on the extent of @entity1 . The study was conducted in 10 @entity0 undergoing radical prostatectomy or cystoprostatectomy. The laser treatment was given transurethrally 1 hour before removal of the specimen. There were no fractures of the prostate. The @entity1 did not reach the peripheral zone and it was minimal in areas rich in fibromuscular tissue, such as the bladder neck. At times, nodular @entity4 was unaffected. A 4-quadrant treatment in the same plane often yielded small nonconfluent lesions. @entity2 in the same plane yielded approximately 30% greater depth of @entity1 , which was achieved when 3 or 4 lesions were created on each side of the prostate (per single transverse plane). Likewise, @entity1 observed with 15 watts for 180 seconds was approximately 40% greater than that noted with the 50 watts for 60 seconds regimen. Our findings suggest that noncontact laser prostatectomy is a safe procedure that can be improved by modifying the laser regimen and the spatial distribution of lesions.

title: Histopathological evaluation of laser thermocoagulation in the @entity0 prostate: optimization of laser irradiation for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We have previously shown in a @entity3 prostate model that a noncontact low power neodymium:YAG laser regimen of 15 watts for 180 seconds yields a larger volume of @entity1 than the currently recommended high power regimen of 50 watts for 60 seconds. These 2 regimens have not yet been compared in @entity0 . The objective of this study was to evaluate histopathologically the thermocoagulation effect of these 2 laser regimens in the @entity0 prostate and the effect of the spatial distribution of the laser lesions on the extent of @entity1 . The study was conducted in 10 @entity0 undergoing radical prostatectomy or cystoprostatectomy. The laser treatment was given transurethrally 1 hour before removal of the specimen. There were no fractures of the prostate. The @entity1 did not reach the peripheral zone and it was minimal in areas rich in fibromuscular tissue, such as the bladder neck. At times, nodular @entity4 was unaffected. A 4-quadrant treatment in the same plane often yielded small nonconfluent lesions. @entity2 in the same plane yielded approximately 30% greater depth of @entity1 , which was achieved when 3 or 4 lesions were created on each side of the prostate (per single transverse plane). Likewise, @entity1 observed with 15 watts for 180 seconds was approximately 40% greater than that noted with the 50 watts for 60 seconds regimen. Our findings suggest that noncontact laser prostatectomy is a safe procedure that can be improved by modifying the laser regimen and the spatial distribution of lesions.

title: Histopathological evaluation of laser thermocoagulation in the XXXX prostate: optimization of laser irradiation for @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Spontaneous rosette formation in @entity0 is restricted to a subpopulation of the circulating T cells. We have previously shown that the interaction between lymphocytes and autologous red blood cells (auto-RBC) is not mediated by a self-recognition mechanism, since allogeneic (allo-) RBC bind to T cells through the same receptors. In this work, we have extended these observations to thymocytes. Using a mixed-rosette assay in which one type of erythrocyte was identified by @entity5 labeling, we have shown that almost all the thymocytes which attached auto-RBC could also fix allo-RBC. However, as for the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), binding of @entity0 RBC to thymocytes occurred with varying affinities according to the erythrocyte's origin. In order to further study the specificity of the erythrocyte to lymphocyte binding in rosette formation, PBL were mixed with auto-RBC and erythrocytes of xenogeneic (xeno-) origin. Although very disparate incidences of rosettes were found according to the species from which the RBC were derived, most of the autorosetting lymphocytes also had receptors for xeno-RBC. In addition, preincubation of PBL with monoclonal antibody OKT11A (directed against the @entity3 RBC receptors on T cells) completely abrogated rosette formation with all the erythrocytes tested ( @entity0 auto- and allo-, @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity2 ) except @entity1 RBC. Taken together these data strongly suggest that @entity0 auto- or allo-, as well as @entity3 or some other xeno-RBC, bind to T lymphocytes by a single receptor and that the combining sites are expressed with different densities or varying affinities depending upon the RBC's origin. Therefore, spontaneous autorosettes may represent T lymphocytes having high-affinity receptors for @entity3 RBC.

title: XXXX autologous rosette-forming cells. III. Binding of erythrocytes from different species to the T-cell receptors for autologous red blood cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the sustainability of the benefits of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy in routine practice in a cohort of adults with @entity1 . METHODS: The clinical records of all adults starting continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion over 12  years at our centre were included in this study. Baseline and mean annual HbA1c levels were recorded. The frequency of mild-to-moderate and severe hypoglycaemia and hypoglycaemia awareness were analysed in a subgroup. RESULTS: Adequate data were available from 327 @entity0 , of whom 71% were female. The @entity0 ' mean      sd age was 41      14  years, the mean      sd (range) follow-up for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion was 4.3      2.7 (1-12) years. The mean      sd @entity2 c concentration fell by 8      5  mmol/mol (0.7      0.5%) at year 1 [to 63      12  mmol/mol from 70      18  mmol/mol (7.9      1.1% from 8.6      1.6%); P  <  0.0005], sustained to year 5. In @entity0 with initial poor control, HbA1c dropped by 12      11  mmol/mol (1.1      1.0%; P  <  0.0005) at year 1, sustained to year 6. The percentage of @entity0 with >=   5 mild to moderate hypoglycaemic episodes per week fell from 29 to 12% (n  =  163; P  =  0.006). In the subgroup (n  =  87; follow-up 2.5      mean      sd 1.1  years), the frequency of severe hypoglycaemia fell from 0.6      1.7 episodes per @entity0 per year to 0.3      0.9 (P  =  0.047). Of 24 @entity0 with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (Gold score >=   4), the mean      sd Gold score improved from 4.9      0.9 to 3.8      1.7 (P  =  0.011). Nine @entity0 regained awareness. No deterioration in HbA1c was seen in the hypoglycaemia-prone groups. CONCLUSIONS: The benefits of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with regard to improving glycaemic control and reducing hypoglycaemia frequency, along with improvement in hypoglycaemia awareness without deterioration in glycaemic control, can be sustained over several years in clinical practice.

title: Sustained benefit of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia in adults with Type 1 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Transurethral microwave thermotherapy was administered to 91 consecutive @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity2 . Mean @entity0 age was 68 years, with a range of 55 to 87 years. Treatment was given in one 60-minute session, on an outpatient basis and without anesthesia. Of the 91 original @entity0 67 (73.6%) were followed from 3 to 18 months, mean 6.1 months. The microwave emission was continuously monitored to permit the control of the urethral temperature level. @entity0 were prospective and randomly assessed into 2 groups: group 1 (34 @entity0 ) who underwent treatment with urethral temperature between 42 and 43 degrees C and group 2 (33 @entity0 ) treated with higher temperature ranging between 43.1 and 45 degrees C. There was improvement of the irritative and obstructive symptoms, prostate weight and residual urine, in both groups after treatment (p < 0.001). PSA did not show a statistically significant difference after TUMT in both groups. Uroflow improved in both groups after the treatment; however, only the group treated with higher temperature showed statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). In the lower temperature group there were 2/34 (5.8%) failures; both @entity0 were still obstructed and underwent transurethral resection. A total of 2/33 (6%) failures were observed in the higher temperature group. @entity0 showed no general conditions which might allow the use of anesthesia. Therefore, they underwent a second postoperative microwave treatment after 2 and 3 months with uneventful clinical recovery at an early follow-up. No systemic complications were encountered. There were minor complications such as @entity3 , @entity1 and severe micturition discomfort within the first 30 days postoperative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Treatment of XXXX using Prostatron: a study of the effects of treatment temperature elevation].

answer: @entity2


abstract: By treating @entity1 @entity0 cells in vitro with mutagens it is possible to obtain at high frequency variants that are rejected by normal syngeneic @entity1 . Such variants have been designated 'tum-' to distinguish them from the original tumorigenic (tum+) cell lines. Most tum- variants appear to express new, individual antigens that can be defined in vivo by cross-protection experiments or in vitro by cytolytic T lymphocytes. The failure of tum- variants to form progressive @entity0 is apparently the result of an immune rejection response. @entity1 that have rejected a tum- variant clone are often protected against a subsequent challenge with the original tum+ cells. This was even demonstrated for two spontaneous @entity1 @entity0 for which no immunogenicity could be demonstrated otherwise. An analysis of 21 variants derived from mastocytoma P815 with cytolytic T lymphocyte populations showed that the repertoire of tum- antigens probably exceeds 50 specificities. No two variants have been found to express the same new antigen. Variant-specific long-term cytolytic T lymphocyte clones were isolated and used for the immunoselection of secondary antigen-loss variants that could then be analysed for the presence of previously undefined residual variant antigenic determinants. Somatic cell hybrids were prepared between different P815 tum- variants or between tum- variants and the original @entity1 cells. An analysis of the hybrids with variant-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte clones showed that the expression of tum- antigens was dominant. The intriguing paradox of the high frequency of tum- variants in populations of mutagen-treated @entity0 cells may require new genetic and immunological approaches before being understood.

title: XXXX cell variants with increased immunogenicity obtained by mutagen treatment.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Background. @entity3 is a mosquito-borne @entity4 and a regular epidemic in Thailand. The peak of the @entity3 period is around June to August during the rainy season. It is believed that climate is an important factor for dengue transmission. Method. A mathematical model for vector-host infectious disease was used to calculate the impacts of climate to the transmission of @entity2 . In this study, the data of climate and @entity3 cases were derived from Chiang Mai during 2004-2014, Thailand. The value of seasonal reproduction number was calculated to evaluate the potential, severity and persistence of @entity1 . Results. The mosquito population was increasing exponentially from the start of the rainy season in early May and reached its the peak in late June. The simulations suggest that the greatest potential for the dengue transmission occurs when the temperature is 28.9   C. The seasonal reproduction numbers were larger than one from late March to end of August and reaching the peak in June. The highest incidences occurred in August due to the delay of transmission @entity0 -mosquito- @entity0 . Increasing mean temperature by 1   C, the number of incidences increases 28.1%. However, a very high or very low temperature reduces the number of @entity1 . Discussion and Conclusion. The results show that the @entity1 depends on the seasonal variation of the climate. The rainfall provides places for the mosquitoes to lay eggs and develop to the adult stage. The temperature plays an important role in the life cycle and behavior of the mosquitoes. A very high or very low temperature reduces the risk of the @entity1 .

title: The seasonal reproduction number of XXXX : impacts of climate on transmission.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Current protocols for the treatment of @entity3 emphasize total or near total resection of @entity1 to improve survival. This is preferentially performed as a primary procedure, or is attempted at a second-look operation. Unfortunately, this @entity1 often grows to large size with invasion of the spinal canal, or encasement of major vascular or other retroperitoneal structures. A primary attempt at complete removal may result in difficult-to-control @entity5 or injury to, or loss of, vital organs. A second-look procedure carries other intrinsic risks. It often must be performed during a period of chemotherapeutically induced hematologic and immunologic suppression. The presence of adhesions and dense scar tissue increases the complexity of the dissection. The Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA) combines continuous fragmentation, irrigation, and aspiration in one instrument. Tissues high in water content are selectively fragmented and aspirated, while tissues high in collagen and @entity6 (such as blood vessels and pseudocapsular walls) are selectively spared. Five @entity0 , two with @entity4 , two with large @entity1 , and one with a seemingly unresectable large right @entity1 (crossing the midline with extensive aortocaval nodal involvement) had total or near-total resection accomplished using the CUSA. In these @entity0 , initial resection of the relatively soft inner part of the @entity1 left a collapsed pseudocapsule, which was then removed under greatly improved exposure in a relatively small field. The constant aspiration virtually eliminated @entity1 spillage. Since most vessels were skeletonized without penetration, @entity2 was minimized. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications.

title: Resection of advanced stage XXXX with the cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Periodontitis is an @entity1 resulting in destruction of @entity3 caused by an exuberant host immunological response to periodontal pathogens. Results from a number of epidemiological studies indicate a close association between @entity0 and @entity5 . Results from cross-sectional studies indicate that subjects with @entity5 have a higher odds ratio of developing insulin resistance (IR). However, the mechanisms by which @entity5 influences the development of @entity0 are not known. Results from our previous studies using an animal model of @entity5 suggest that @entity5 accelerates the onset of @entity7 and IR. In addition, @entity2 from a periodontal pathogen, @entity6 (Pg), stimulates Serpine1 expression in the pancreatic beta cell line MIN6. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that a periodontal pathogen induces @entity7 and @entity8 may be involved in this process. To test this hypothesis, we co-incubated Pg with the pancreatic beta cell line MIN6 and measured the effect on insulin secretion by MIN6 cells. We further determined the involvement of Serpine1 in insulin secretion by downregulating Serpine1 expression. Our results indicated that Pg stimulated insulin secretion by approximately 3.0 fold under normoglycemic conditions. In a @entity4 state, Pg increased insulin secretion by 1.5 fold. Pg significantly upregulated expression of the Serpine1 gene and this was associated with increased secretion of insulin by MIN6 cells. However, cells with downregulated Serpine1 expression were resistant to Pg stimulated insulin secretion under normoglycemic conditions. We conclude that the periodontal pathogen, Pg, induced insulin secretion by MIN6 cells and this induction was, in part, Serpine1 dependent. Thus, Serpine1 may play a pivotal role in insulin secretion during the accelerated development of @entity7 and the resulting IR in the setting of @entity5 .

title: Serpine1 Mediates XXXX Induced Insulin Secretion in the Pancreatic Beta Cell Line MIN6.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Remarkably, a number of definitive epithelia, such as that of the anterior lens, give rise when suspended within 3D gels of type I collagen, to elongate, bipolar shaped cells that exhibit the ultrastructure, polarity, and migratory ability of mesenchymal cells. They begin producing type I collagen and stop producing crystallins, type IV collagen, and laminin. Here, we investigated changes in @entity1 integrins and their extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands during this transdifferentiation. The former free surface of the lens epithelium that is now in contact with collagen begins within a day to stain intensely for @entity1 and it is this surface rather than the surface facing the basement membrane that gives rise to mesenchymal cells. Immunoprecipitation experiments reveal a large increase in the @entity0 subunit on mesenchymal cells as compared to the epithelium of origin. The alpha 5 integrin subunit, which is barely detectable in the lens, increases in the mesenchymal cells and alpha 3 continues to be expressed at about the same level as in the epithelium. alpha 6, the epithelial integrin subunit, and laminin, its ECM ligand, are not detected immunohistochemically or biochemically in the mesenchyme. Rather, the mesenchymal cells secrete abundant fibronectin, the major ECM ligand for alpha 5 @entity1 . RGD peptides do not inhibit the transformation but antibodies to @entity1 do perturb the emigration of mesenchymal cells from the lens apical surface. We conclude that the @entity1 integrins newly expressed on the apical epithelial surface interact with the surrounding 3D collagen gel to help bring about this unusual epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

title: Expression of XXXX changes during transformation of avian lens epithelium to mesenchyme in collagen gels.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a @entity1 immunization poster at a medical clinic in encouraging @entity0 to request immunization against @entity1 with d2T5. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study. SETTING: The Family Medicine Unit (F.M.U.) at the Centre hospitalier de l'Universit   Laval (C.H.U.L.), a tertiary hospital in the region of Quebec City. @entity0 : All @entity0 over 7 years of age at CHUL's FMU between February 22 and March 19, 1993. INTERVENTIONS: Poster promoting @entity1 immunization displayed in waiting room during test weeks 2 and 4 and withdrawn during control weeks 1 and 3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Proportion of @entity0 vaccinated with d2T5. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity0 vaccinated during the test weeks was the same as the proportion vaccinated during the control weeks. Week 1: 1/507 (0.20); Week 2: 1/394 (0.25); Week 3: 1/441 (0.23); Week 4: 1/486 (0.21). CONCLUSION: The presence of the posters in the waiting room had no impact on @entity1 immunization at CHUL's FMU.

title: [ XXXX vaccination. Evaluation of a program of health promotion in a family medicine unit].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity8 @entity0 resistance to both @entity9 - and @entity4 -containing regimens has been related to very short survival (approximately 6 months). The development of effective regimens combined with a low @entity2 rate is mandatory in this @entity0 subgroup. METHODS: Fourteen resistant @entity8 @entity0 were treated with @entity6 (a total of 3.6 g/m2 was delivered in 2 doses on days 1 and 3) and @entity3 (2 mg/kg, days 1-4) every month for 4 cycles. @entity7 support was administered to reduce myelosuppression. RESULTS: This combination was well tolerated. Granulocyte levels fell below 0.1 x 10(9)/L in all @entity0 after a median of 9 days (range 8-11), followed by recovery to 0.5 x 10(9)/L after a median of 12 days from the start of treatment (range 10-13 days). Platelets never fell below 50 x 10(9)/L. All @entity0 were treated on an outpatient basis and only 2 required hospitalization for major complications ( @entity1 and @entity5 ). Response to @entity6 was observed in 6/14 @entity0 : 2 achieved complete remission, 4 showed a 50% or greater reduction of the M-component. Five @entity0 are still in remission after 2, 6, 7, 9 and 10 months; 1 relapsed after 10 months. All @entity0 except one are alive 4-16 months from the start of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This schedule may represent a new approach for resistant @entity8 , and its very low @entity2 allows it to be delivered on an outpatient basis.

title: XXXX (3.6 g/m2) therapy with @entity7 support for resistant @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity8 @entity0 resistance to both @entity9 - and @entity4 -containing regimens has been related to very short survival (approximately 6 months). The development of effective regimens combined with a low @entity2 rate is mandatory in this @entity0 subgroup. METHODS: Fourteen resistant @entity8 @entity0 were treated with @entity6 (a total of 3.6 g/m2 was delivered in 2 doses on days 1 and 3) and @entity3 (2 mg/kg, days 1-4) every month for 4 cycles. @entity7 support was administered to reduce myelosuppression. RESULTS: This combination was well tolerated. Granulocyte levels fell below 0.1 x 10(9)/L in all @entity0 after a median of 9 days (range 8-11), followed by recovery to 0.5 x 10(9)/L after a median of 12 days from the start of treatment (range 10-13 days). Platelets never fell below 50 x 10(9)/L. All @entity0 were treated on an outpatient basis and only 2 required hospitalization for major complications ( @entity1 and @entity5 ). Response to @entity6 was observed in 6/14 @entity0 : 2 achieved complete remission, 4 showed a 50% or greater reduction of the M-component. Five @entity0 are still in remission after 2, 6, 7, 9 and 10 months; 1 relapsed after 10 months. All @entity0 except one are alive 4-16 months from the start of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This schedule may represent a new approach for resistant @entity8 , and its very low @entity2 allows it to be delivered on an outpatient basis.

title: @entity6 (3.6 g/m2) therapy with @entity7 support for resistant XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity8 @entity0 resistance to both @entity9 - and @entity4 -containing regimens has been related to very short survival (approximately 6 months). The development of effective regimens combined with a low @entity2 rate is mandatory in this @entity0 subgroup. METHODS: Fourteen resistant @entity8 @entity0 were treated with @entity6 (a total of 3.6 g/m2 was delivered in 2 doses on days 1 and 3) and @entity3 (2 mg/kg, days 1-4) every month for 4 cycles. @entity7 support was administered to reduce myelosuppression. RESULTS: This combination was well tolerated. Granulocyte levels fell below 0.1 x 10(9)/L in all @entity0 after a median of 9 days (range 8-11), followed by recovery to 0.5 x 10(9)/L after a median of 12 days from the start of treatment (range 10-13 days). Platelets never fell below 50 x 10(9)/L. All @entity0 were treated on an outpatient basis and only 2 required hospitalization for major complications ( @entity1 and @entity5 ). Response to @entity6 was observed in 6/14 @entity0 : 2 achieved complete remission, 4 showed a 50% or greater reduction of the M-component. Five @entity0 are still in remission after 2, 6, 7, 9 and 10 months; 1 relapsed after 10 months. All @entity0 except one are alive 4-16 months from the start of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This schedule may represent a new approach for resistant @entity8 , and its very low @entity2 allows it to be delivered on an outpatient basis.

title: @entity6 (3.6 g/m2) therapy with XXXX support for resistant @entity8 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Elimination of parenterally administered @entity9 was investigated in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) (10 on conservative treatment = CT, 13 on regular hemodialysis therapy = @entity12 ). In a bolus injection protocol 0.1 g @entity9 as a 10% solution containing essential and nonessential @entity9 were infused and pharmacokinetic parameters of 17 @entity9 were calculated. The mean elimination half life was increased by 40% in CT and 87% in @entity12 (p less than 0.001 CT and @entity12 versus controls). Total clearance was reduced in CT (p less than 0.001 versus @entity12 and controls). In CT clearance of @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity16 and @entity3 was reduced, of none of the @entity9 elevated. In @entity12 clearance of @entity10 , @entity4 , @entity15 and @entity6 was increased, of @entity8 decreased. The total transfer rate was reduced in CT (p less than 0.025 versus controls) and transfer of @entity11 , @entity15 , @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity16 and @entity3 was reduced in these @entity0 . Mainly due to elevated basal plasma concentration transfer of @entity10 was elevated in CT and @entity12 . In dialysis @entity0 transfer of @entity18 , @entity14 , @entity13 and @entity6 was increased. Despite variations of absolute values of clearance between the two groups investigated relative clearance rates of @entity9 were similar because of a uniform increase of clearance of about 37% in @entity12 compared to CT (p less than 0.001). Results indicate that the elimination of parenterally administered @entity9 is grossly altered in @entity17 and that in @entity0 on CT and @entity12 a uniform elimination pattern can be observed.

title: Elimination of XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Elimination of parenterally administered @entity9 was investigated in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) (10 on conservative treatment = CT, 13 on regular hemodialysis therapy = @entity12 ). In a bolus injection protocol 0.1 g @entity9 as a 10% solution containing essential and nonessential @entity9 were infused and pharmacokinetic parameters of 17 @entity9 were calculated. The mean elimination half life was increased by 40% in CT and 87% in @entity12 (p less than 0.001 CT and @entity12 versus controls). Total clearance was reduced in CT (p less than 0.001 versus @entity12 and controls). In CT clearance of @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity16 and @entity3 was reduced, of none of the @entity9 elevated. In @entity12 clearance of @entity10 , @entity4 , @entity15 and @entity6 was increased, of @entity8 decreased. The total transfer rate was reduced in CT (p less than 0.025 versus controls) and transfer of @entity11 , @entity15 , @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity16 and @entity3 was reduced in these @entity0 . Mainly due to elevated basal plasma concentration transfer of @entity10 was elevated in CT and @entity12 . In dialysis @entity0 transfer of @entity18 , @entity14 , @entity13 and @entity6 was increased. Despite variations of absolute values of clearance between the two groups investigated relative clearance rates of @entity9 were similar because of a uniform increase of clearance of about 37% in @entity12 compared to CT (p less than 0.001). Results indicate that the elimination of parenterally administered @entity9 is grossly altered in @entity17 and that in @entity0 on CT and @entity12 a uniform elimination pattern can be observed.

title: Elimination of @entity9 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) may be synthesized as part of a larger prohormone, as are several other neuropeptides. In this study, we sought not only to define the distribution and morphological characteristics of LRH neurons within the @entity0 preoptic area and hypothalamus, but also to identify sites of initial synthesis, posttranslational conversion to the decapeptide, and storage of LRH in these neurons. Immunoreactive molecular forms were differentiated using a series of antisera with distinct specificities in the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. These antisera were capable of detecting the fully processed hormone as well as extended decapeptide sequences. Immunopositive LRH neurons were more abundant in the infundibular area of the hypothalamus than in the preoptic area. Numbers of immunopositive perikarya and subcellular distribution of reaction product varied with binding requirements of the antisera. After treatment with an antiserum that requires the fully processed decapeptide for binding, the reaction product was associated almost entirely with granules in perikarya and processes, while very little was associated with either @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or Golgi apparatus. In contrast, with an antiserum capable of detecting extended forms of the decapeptide, the @entity1 and Golgi were labeled in addition to granules. From these data, we infer that in @entity0 , mature decapeptide is present in granules within LRH neuronal perikarya and processes. Furthermore, the molecular forms associated with @entity1 and Golgi may be precursors in which the decapeptide sequence is extended.

title: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons in XXXX preoptic/hypothalamus: differential intraneuronal localization of immunoreactive forms.

answer: @entity0


abstract: IgG anti-T cell autoantibodies are common in @entity2 serum, react preferentially with activated lymphocytes, and exert early-phase inhibitory effects on antigen-induced T cell proliferation. Little is known about the target molecules in this system, however, because the low titer and low avidity of the most interesting antibodies limit their utility in conventional immunoprecipitation analyses. Therefore, Western blotting was used to demonstrate binding of IgG in anti-T cell antibody-positive @entity2 sera to four surface membrane molecules shared by peripheral T cells and @entity0 cells. Molecules of Mr 90,000 and 55,000 were particularly reactive: each target was stained by IgG anti-lymphocyte antibodies in 11 @entity0 sera (approximately 85%) in the panel. Targets of Mr 37,000 and 105,000 were encountered less frequently (six of 13 and one of 13 @entity0 , respectively). It is unlikely that alloantibodies contributed to the staining patterns observed because reactivity with the four targets was consistently present when cell preparations from multiple unrelated donors were examined. The target molecules were localized to the plasma membrane by whole cell absorption/elution experiments, by the failure of chromatin (DNA/histone) to absorb antibodies to these antigens, and through the use of purified membranes as substrate for Western blotting. With the possible exception of the 105,000 Mr molecule, which is a major target in the IgM anti-T cell antibody system, evidence for the existence of neoantigens as a basis for increased reactivity of @entity2 IgG with activated T cells was not obtained. The identity of the IgG antibody-reactive molecules with respect to known T cell antigens was not determined, although evidence against the existence of antibodies to Tac (IL 2 receptor) and the @entity1 receptor was obtained in monoclonal antibody pre-clearing experiments. Nonetheless, the observation that a limited number of major IgG autoantibody target antigens on activated peripheral T cells are shared by @entity0 cells, a primitive T cell line expressing few of the differentiation antigens characteristic of mature T cells, should provide a basis for more definitive characterization of antigens in this system in the future.

title: IgG anti-lymphocyte antibodies in XXXX react with surface molecules shared by peripheral T cells and a primitive T cell line.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The T-antigen (Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen) is a well-characterized @entity1 -associated glycoprotein that is immunologically reactive in @entity0 . In order to demonstrate the presence of T-antigens in colorectal tissue, benign and malignant tissue from 46 @entity0 with @entity2 were examined by means of an immunoperoxidase method. Peanut agglutinin and a polyclonal immune rabbit antiserum were used to demonstrate T-antigens on 72% of @entity4 -fixed malignant specimens and on more than 92% of frozen malignant specimens. Both ligands bound to the cell membrane and secreted mucus, but only the rabbit serum showed routine staining of the cytoplasm. The T-antigen distribution was heterogeneous without relation to degree of differentiation. Transitional mucosa adjacent to malignant tissue showed a strong anti-T binding to secreted mucus. Slightly morphologically altered crypts remote from the @entity3 expressed T-antigens. Unexpectedly, both ligands bound to nerve cells of the enteric ganglia. These contain gangliosides with immunodominant oligosaccharides identical with those on the T-antigen. Therefore, cross-reactions might have occurred between the @entity5 and the used ligands. The T-antigens now seem to be present in various @entity1 , and they probably occur early in malignant transformation.

title: Comparative immunoperoxidase demonstration of T-antigens in @entity0 XXXX and morphologically abnormal mucosa.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The T-antigen (Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen) is a well-characterized @entity1 -associated glycoprotein that is immunologically reactive in @entity0 . In order to demonstrate the presence of T-antigens in colorectal tissue, benign and malignant tissue from 46 @entity0 with @entity2 were examined by means of an immunoperoxidase method. Peanut agglutinin and a polyclonal immune rabbit antiserum were used to demonstrate T-antigens on 72% of @entity4 -fixed malignant specimens and on more than 92% of frozen malignant specimens. Both ligands bound to the cell membrane and secreted mucus, but only the rabbit serum showed routine staining of the cytoplasm. The T-antigen distribution was heterogeneous without relation to degree of differentiation. Transitional mucosa adjacent to malignant tissue showed a strong anti-T binding to secreted mucus. Slightly morphologically altered crypts remote from the @entity3 expressed T-antigens. Unexpectedly, both ligands bound to nerve cells of the enteric ganglia. These contain gangliosides with immunodominant oligosaccharides identical with those on the T-antigen. Therefore, cross-reactions might have occurred between the @entity5 and the used ligands. The T-antigens now seem to be present in various @entity1 , and they probably occur early in malignant transformation.

title: Comparative immunoperoxidase demonstration of T-antigens in XXXX @entity2 and morphologically abnormal mucosa.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Recently, the number of @entity0 who participate in strenuous exercise has increased significantly. The relationship between delayed menarche and early onset of sports training, and increased incidence of @entity3 related to athletic activity had led to increased interest. Five basketball players who are among the best players in Japan were subjected to an investigation of endocrinological responses effected by 60 minutes continuous exercise cycle ergometer. The VO2max value was previously examined. Then, the level of load during exercise was established at 60% VO2max in this study. The serum level of @entity1 increased significantly in the luteal phase but not so significantly in the follicular phase. @entity2 did not show a significant change during exercise. FSH increased slightly in both phases. However, LH showed a slight increase in the follicular phase and a slight decrease in the luteal phase. On the other hand, prolactin showed a continuous significant increase during exercise in both phases. These data suggested that strenuous daily training leads to a frequent significant increase in prolactin in athletic @entity0 and this frequent increase in prolactin may be one of the major factors causing @entity3 in athletic @entity0 . The specialized physician should be more concerned about the managing of athletes who are suffering from @entity3 .

title: [Hormonal changes during continuous exercise in athletic XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The lungs of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 are frequently chronically colonized by @entity4 . Recently there has been an increase in colonization by another pathogen @entity6 , which can cause a rapid decline in clinical condition or death of the @entity0 . The nature of the factor(s) which predispose @entity5 @entity0 to colonization by one or both of these opportunistic pathogens is unknown. It has been suggested that the @entity1 in @entity5 @entity0 results in an increase in the number of epithelial cell receptors available to @entity4 in the lung, thus rendering @entity5 @entity0 more susceptible to bacterial colonization than non- @entity5 individuals. In this study, we have examined adherence of several strains of @entity4 and @entity6 to a variety of continuous cell lines, as well as primary cultures of @entity5 and non- @entity5 nasal polyp cells. The results suggested that there may be a decrease in the number of receptors available to both strains of @entity4 on cells of @entity2 origin compared to @entity0 cells. Both strains appear to use pili as the primary adhesin, but there is also evidence that non-pilus adhesins contribute significantly to eucaryotic cell binding. @entity6 exhibited microcolony formation on all cell types, which is typical of the localized adherence pattern characteristic of the enteropathogenic @entity3 . However, we were unable to demonstrate, with either @entity6 or @entity4 , a significant increase in adherence to @entity5 compared to non- @entity5 nasal polyp cultures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differences in eucaryotic cell binding of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study analyzed hypersensitization in sensory systems after mechanical irritation of the dorsal root ganglion. OBJECTIVES: To develop a reliable and reproducible animal model of @entity3 arising from the dorsal root ganglion and to understand the unique contributions of the dorsal root ganglion to clinical manifestations of @entity5 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The dorsal root ganglion likely plays an important role in disorders of @entity5 . However, no previous study has analyzed @entity5 after irritation of the dorsal root ganglion. Thermal @entity3 indicates a decrease in thermal nociceptive threshold and hypersensitization in sensory systems. METHODS: The left L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia in @entity1 (n = 22) were exposed circumferentially. Other @entity1 (n = 22) also had the left L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia ligated loosely with two 4-0 chromic gut sutures. Changes in thermal withdrawal latency were examined in the hindpaws across time. Substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide contents were quantified in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord. Substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and @entity4 expression also were examined in the spinal cord by immunohistochemistry. In addition, histologic changes in myelinated nerve content were examined in the dorsal root ganglion. RESULTS: Thermal @entity3 occurred in @entity1 with exposure of the dorsal root ganglion and in @entity1 with loose ligation of the dorsal root ganglion, and was accompanied by an increase in @entity4 expression and spontaneous @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: This experimental model reliably produced a disorder resembling an acute phase @entity5 and should help further advance the understanding of pathomechanisms of @entity2 after irritation of the dorsal root ganglion in @entity0 .

title: Characterization of thermal XXXX , @entity4 expression, and alterations in neuropeptides after mechanical irritation of the dorsal root ganglion.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study analyzed hypersensitization in sensory systems after mechanical irritation of the dorsal root ganglion. OBJECTIVES: To develop a reliable and reproducible animal model of @entity3 arising from the dorsal root ganglion and to understand the unique contributions of the dorsal root ganglion to clinical manifestations of @entity5 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The dorsal root ganglion likely plays an important role in disorders of @entity5 . However, no previous study has analyzed @entity5 after irritation of the dorsal root ganglion. Thermal @entity3 indicates a decrease in thermal nociceptive threshold and hypersensitization in sensory systems. METHODS: The left L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia in @entity1 (n = 22) were exposed circumferentially. Other @entity1 (n = 22) also had the left L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia ligated loosely with two 4-0 chromic gut sutures. Changes in thermal withdrawal latency were examined in the hindpaws across time. Substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide contents were quantified in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord. Substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and @entity4 expression also were examined in the spinal cord by immunohistochemistry. In addition, histologic changes in myelinated nerve content were examined in the dorsal root ganglion. RESULTS: Thermal @entity3 occurred in @entity1 with exposure of the dorsal root ganglion and in @entity1 with loose ligation of the dorsal root ganglion, and was accompanied by an increase in @entity4 expression and spontaneous @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: This experimental model reliably produced a disorder resembling an acute phase @entity5 and should help further advance the understanding of pathomechanisms of @entity2 after irritation of the dorsal root ganglion in @entity0 .

title: Characterization of thermal @entity3 , XXXX expression, and alterations in neuropeptides after mechanical irritation of the dorsal root ganglion.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Peripheral blood cells from 2 @entity0 with @entity3 were separated by density centrifugation. Mononuclear cells of low density (d less than 1.062g cm-3) with blast-cell morphology were cryopreserved before culture in vitro. Upon culture in conventional colony assays, up to 20% of the cells formed hemopoietic colonies. Although the spectrum of colony types resembled that of normal bone-marrow cells, there were large differences between the @entity0 with respect to the number, type and size of colonies that were observed. Colony formation required the addition of hemopoietic growth factors, such as colony-stimulating activity and @entity2 to the culture medium. The cells were used to assay hemopoietic regulatory molecules. Both @entity2 and colony-stimulating activity induced a strong proliferative response as measured by @entity1 incorporation. Maximal stimulation was observed when @entity2 and the supernatant of mixed lymphocyte cultures were added simultaneously. The difference between the cells from the 2 @entity0 in clonal assays was reflected by the different response to individual hemopoietic regulators. The time course of maximal stimulation followed distinct patterns dependent on the source of stimulator. The stimulation was linearly dependent on the input cell number. Taken together, cryopreserved blast cells from @entity0 with @entity3 appear to be very useful for the characterization of factors regulating hemopoiesis, as well as for studies of hemopoiesis in general.

title: Colony-forming cells in XXXX --I. Proliferative responses to growth factors.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 causes a reproducible pattern of @entity2 and repair in rodents, in which proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) and fibroblasts is observed during recovery. We postulated that if quiescent cells are stimulated to reenter the cell cycle, then @entity5 expression and @entity5 -dependent protein kinase activity would be reactivated in AEC during the repair process after @entity2 . To test this hypothesis, we exposed adult @entity1 to short-term @entity3 , followed by recovery for various times in room air. Cellular proliferation in vivo was confirmed by 1) flow cytometric analysis of DNA content (FACS) of freshly isolated AEC and 2) immunohistochemistry of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) incorporation into DNA on lung sections. The percentage of freshly isolated AEC in S phase and G2/M phase on FACS analysis increased twofold to a maximum of 16.5%, after 48 h in 100% @entity0 and 48 h recovery in air. Cyclins A and D and p34cdc2 protein expression were also increased during the recovery period; while p33cdk2 and p34cdk4 increased only slightly. p34cdc2 histone H1 kinase activity, both in whole lung and in AEC, decreased initially after 48 h in @entity0 . However, a marked increase in p34cdc2 kinase activity was observed at 48 h recovery in whole lung and returned to baseline by 72 h. In isolated and cultured AEC, p34cdc2 kinase activity was maximal at 24 h of recovery in air. We conclude that cyclins A and D and p34cdc2 protein expression and p34cdc2 kinase activity are increased in vivo during recovery from @entity2 in both adult @entity1 lungs and in AEC isolated from these lungs. We speculate that the induction of @entity5 -dependent protein kinase activity is a key event in mediating the proliferative cellular repair response to @entity2 .

title: Induction of A- and D-type cyclins and cdc2 kinase activity during recovery from short-term XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has emerged as a potential side effect of long-term neuroleptic therapy similar to @entity4 ( @entity4 ). 2. Six @entity1 @entity0 with @entity3 , considered to be drug-resistant, were treated with @entity7 , while another 5 were treated with @entity6 . 3. The 6 @entity7 -treated @entity0 (all @entity0 ) were rated on the Clinical Global Impression Improvement Scale as at least very much improved. Among the 5 @entity6 -treated @entity0 , all 4 @entity0 were found to have a marked response to @entity6 , while the female @entity0 was judged to be minimally improved. 4. It is hypothesized that not only @entity4 but also @entity3 arise from destruction of cholinergic interneurons in the striatum as a consequence of prolonged neuroleptic administration. Thus, the drug-induced @entity2 , which was proposed as mediating the antipsychotic effect of @entity5 D2 blocking drugs, depends on the integrity of these cholinergic neurons. If these neurons are destroyed, drugs such as @entity8 lose their therapeutic effect. 5. In contrast, atypical neuroleptics like @entity6 and @entity7 reduce @entity5 release in the striatum independently of prior production of extrapyramidal symptoms and, in this way, may be effective in @entity3 unresponsive to classical anti-D2 neuroleptics. 6. In the present sample of @entity0 , it is worth noting that @entity1 @entity0 were good responders to @entity6 . In comparison, @entity7 was found to be efficacious in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: @entity7 and @entity6 in the treatment of drug-resistant XXXX and neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has emerged as a potential side effect of long-term neuroleptic therapy similar to @entity4 ( @entity4 ). 2. Six @entity1 @entity0 with @entity3 , considered to be drug-resistant, were treated with @entity7 , while another 5 were treated with @entity6 . 3. The 6 @entity7 -treated @entity0 (all @entity0 ) were rated on the Clinical Global Impression Improvement Scale as at least very much improved. Among the 5 @entity6 -treated @entity0 , all 4 @entity0 were found to have a marked response to @entity6 , while the female @entity0 was judged to be minimally improved. 4. It is hypothesized that not only @entity4 but also @entity3 arise from destruction of cholinergic interneurons in the striatum as a consequence of prolonged neuroleptic administration. Thus, the drug-induced @entity2 , which was proposed as mediating the antipsychotic effect of @entity5 D2 blocking drugs, depends on the integrity of these cholinergic neurons. If these neurons are destroyed, drugs such as @entity8 lose their therapeutic effect. 5. In contrast, atypical neuroleptics like @entity6 and @entity7 reduce @entity5 release in the striatum independently of prior production of extrapyramidal symptoms and, in this way, may be effective in @entity3 unresponsive to classical anti-D2 neuroleptics. 6. In the present sample of @entity0 , it is worth noting that @entity1 @entity0 were good responders to @entity6 . In comparison, @entity7 was found to be efficacious in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: @entity7 and @entity6 in the treatment of drug-resistant @entity1 and neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has emerged as a potential side effect of long-term neuroleptic therapy similar to @entity4 ( @entity4 ). 2. Six @entity1 @entity0 with @entity3 , considered to be drug-resistant, were treated with @entity7 , while another 5 were treated with @entity6 . 3. The 6 @entity7 -treated @entity0 (all @entity0 ) were rated on the Clinical Global Impression Improvement Scale as at least very much improved. Among the 5 @entity6 -treated @entity0 , all 4 @entity0 were found to have a marked response to @entity6 , while the female @entity0 was judged to be minimally improved. 4. It is hypothesized that not only @entity4 but also @entity3 arise from destruction of cholinergic interneurons in the striatum as a consequence of prolonged neuroleptic administration. Thus, the drug-induced @entity2 , which was proposed as mediating the antipsychotic effect of @entity5 D2 blocking drugs, depends on the integrity of these cholinergic neurons. If these neurons are destroyed, drugs such as @entity8 lose their therapeutic effect. 5. In contrast, atypical neuroleptics like @entity6 and @entity7 reduce @entity5 release in the striatum independently of prior production of extrapyramidal symptoms and, in this way, may be effective in @entity3 unresponsive to classical anti-D2 neuroleptics. 6. In the present sample of @entity0 , it is worth noting that @entity1 @entity0 were good responders to @entity6 . In comparison, @entity7 was found to be efficacious in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: XXXX and @entity6 in the treatment of drug-resistant @entity1 and neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: 1. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has emerged as a potential side effect of long-term neuroleptic therapy similar to @entity4 ( @entity4 ). 2. Six @entity1 @entity0 with @entity3 , considered to be drug-resistant, were treated with @entity7 , while another 5 were treated with @entity6 . 3. The 6 @entity7 -treated @entity0 (all @entity0 ) were rated on the Clinical Global Impression Improvement Scale as at least very much improved. Among the 5 @entity6 -treated @entity0 , all 4 @entity0 were found to have a marked response to @entity6 , while the female @entity0 was judged to be minimally improved. 4. It is hypothesized that not only @entity4 but also @entity3 arise from destruction of cholinergic interneurons in the striatum as a consequence of prolonged neuroleptic administration. Thus, the drug-induced @entity2 , which was proposed as mediating the antipsychotic effect of @entity5 D2 blocking drugs, depends on the integrity of these cholinergic neurons. If these neurons are destroyed, drugs such as @entity8 lose their therapeutic effect. 5. In contrast, atypical neuroleptics like @entity6 and @entity7 reduce @entity5 release in the striatum independently of prior production of extrapyramidal symptoms and, in this way, may be effective in @entity3 unresponsive to classical anti-D2 neuroleptics. 6. In the present sample of @entity0 , it is worth noting that @entity1 @entity0 were good responders to @entity6 . In comparison, @entity7 was found to be efficacious in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: @entity7 and XXXX in the treatment of drug-resistant @entity1 and neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)s circulate in plasma as large mol wt proteins bound to specific proteins, termed IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). As IGFBPs have been shown to produce artifacts in IGF radioligand assays, various extraction procedures have been proposed to eliminate IGFBPs from biological samples before radioligand assays. Comparison of acid- @entity2 and @entity8 Sep-Pak extraction methods, the two most widely used procedures for separation of IGFs from IGFBPs in human serum samples, with the established gold standard (Sephadex G-75 acid gel filtration) revealed that a significant amount of IGFBP activity survived the acid- @entity2 extraction and @entity8 Sep-Pak separation techniques. We, therefore, have developed a simple novel method comprising a combination of two techniques, involving separation based on size and separation based on centrifugation. In this method, serum samples were acidified and applied to Bio-Spin columns containing BSA-pretreated Bio-Gel @entity6 -10 (P-10). Upon centrifugation, IGFBPs eluted in the void volume. IGFs were then eluted with 1 mol/L @entity4 containing 0.1 mol/L @entity3 upon subsequent centrifugation. The efficacy of Bio-Spin P-10 separation for the complete removal of IGFBPs was determined by Western ligand blot analysis and determination of @entity5 levels by RIA in the extracted serum samples. The recovery of exogenously added @entity1 to the serum samples was greater than 90%. Comparison of @entity1 and @entity7 values determined in 12 human serum samples after Bio-Spin P-10 separation with those obtained after separation with the established gold standard method (Sephadex G-75) revealed a correlation greater than 0.9. In contrast to the established gold standard method, which is tedious and time consuming, Bio-Spin P-10 separation offers the advantage of speed, such that 50 or more samples can be processed in less than 4-6 h. Application of Bio-Gel P-10 gel filtration to determine the @entity1 and @entity7 levels in 14 normal and 15 age-matched postmenopausal osteoporotic @entity0 revealed that 1) both @entity1 and @entity7 levels were reduced by 30% (P < 0.01) and 20% (P < 0.05), respectively, in osteoporotics; and 2) both @entity1 and @entity7 levels correlated with bone mineral density in the pooled data from normal and osteoporotic populations even when age was held constant (P < 0.05).

title: Development of a simple valid method for the complete removal of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins from IGFs in human serum and other biological fluids: comparison with acid- @entity2 treatment and XXXX Sep-Pak separation.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)s circulate in plasma as large mol wt proteins bound to specific proteins, termed IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). As IGFBPs have been shown to produce artifacts in IGF radioligand assays, various extraction procedures have been proposed to eliminate IGFBPs from biological samples before radioligand assays. Comparison of acid- @entity2 and @entity8 Sep-Pak extraction methods, the two most widely used procedures for separation of IGFs from IGFBPs in human serum samples, with the established gold standard (Sephadex G-75 acid gel filtration) revealed that a significant amount of IGFBP activity survived the acid- @entity2 extraction and @entity8 Sep-Pak separation techniques. We, therefore, have developed a simple novel method comprising a combination of two techniques, involving separation based on size and separation based on centrifugation. In this method, serum samples were acidified and applied to Bio-Spin columns containing BSA-pretreated Bio-Gel @entity6 -10 (P-10). Upon centrifugation, IGFBPs eluted in the void volume. IGFs were then eluted with 1 mol/L @entity4 containing 0.1 mol/L @entity3 upon subsequent centrifugation. The efficacy of Bio-Spin P-10 separation for the complete removal of IGFBPs was determined by Western ligand blot analysis and determination of @entity5 levels by RIA in the extracted serum samples. The recovery of exogenously added @entity1 to the serum samples was greater than 90%. Comparison of @entity1 and @entity7 values determined in 12 human serum samples after Bio-Spin P-10 separation with those obtained after separation with the established gold standard method (Sephadex G-75) revealed a correlation greater than 0.9. In contrast to the established gold standard method, which is tedious and time consuming, Bio-Spin P-10 separation offers the advantage of speed, such that 50 or more samples can be processed in less than 4-6 h. Application of Bio-Gel P-10 gel filtration to determine the @entity1 and @entity7 levels in 14 normal and 15 age-matched postmenopausal osteoporotic @entity0 revealed that 1) both @entity1 and @entity7 levels were reduced by 30% (P < 0.01) and 20% (P < 0.05), respectively, in osteoporotics; and 2) both @entity1 and @entity7 levels correlated with bone mineral density in the pooled data from normal and osteoporotic populations even when age was held constant (P < 0.05).

title: Development of a simple valid method for the complete removal of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins from IGFs in human serum and other biological fluids: comparison with acid- XXXX treatment and @entity8 Sep-Pak separation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Various side effects due to antiherpetic drugs observed in the last ten years in our department were studied. A total of 132 @entity0 were treated with @entity10 ( @entity9 ), 69 with @entity11 ( @entity12 ), 58 with @entity2 (ACV) and 33 with @entity8 (ara-A). Patch tests were routinely done when @entity0 exhibited @entity7 . Of the @entity0 treated with @entity9 , 3 (2.3%) showed @entity7 , 2 (1.5%) @entity4 and 1 (0.8%) @entity5 . Of the @entity0 treated with F3T, 7 (10.1%) exhibited @entity7 and 1 (1.4%) @entity4 . In the group treated with ACV, 2 (3.4%) @entity0 showed @entity5 . The @entity0 who received ara-A did not show any side effects. We found that F3T caused @entity7 more frequently in Japanese @entity0 than Europeans. These side effects were resolved by switching to another anti-herpetic drug without the occurrence of cross- @entity1 . Therefore, switching to another drug is strongly recommended when @entity0 exhibit side effects in the treatment of @entity3 . Other complications were @entity1 to @entity6 and to drug preservative.

title: Side effects in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PARD is a prospective study sponsored by the German Research Council with the aim to establish whether spontaneously enhanced @entity9 or changes of other @entity12 are risk factors for new @entity5 in @entity1 @entity0 . 363 @entity1 @entity0 (aged 45-65, 232 @entity0 , 131 @entity0 ) were observed for 5 years. Of the 232 @entity0 , 53 were on diet, 104 on oral antidiabetic drugs and 75 on insulin. Of 131 @entity0 16 were on diet, 46 on oral antidiabetic drugs and 69 on insulin. At entry clinical examination and laboratory tests were performed, covering the known risk factors for @entity3 . Hemostatic tests and clinical examination were performed at 3 months' intervals. The life status was followed for all @entity0 . Endpoints were carefully defined. Until December 31, 1984, 42 @entity0 died, 23 from @entity3 and 19 from other causes. 13 @entity0 suffered a @entity7 , 10 a @entity2 and 53 peripheral @entity5 . The occurrence of new @entity5 was significantly higher in those @entity0 with enhanced spontaneous @entity9 measured by PAT III angle alpha above 40 degrees at entry as compared to those with lower values. This was not the case for @entity0 . Other @entity12 , which had also some relation to @entity3 , in @entity0 were fibrinogen and F. @entity8 R:Ag. Established risk factors for which a significant relation to @entity3 was observed in this study, were smoking, duration of @entity1 , diastolic blood pressure, @entity4 , @entity10 and also @entity11 . The results of the PARD-study have verified the hypothesis that @entity13 is a major risk factor for future @entity5 in @entity1 @entity0 . They also lead to the hypothesis that high levels of F. @entity8 R:Ag and fibrinogen are further indicators of progressive @entity6 and may be useful as predictors of new @entity5 in combination with such established risk factors as smoking, duration of @entity1 , diastolic blood pressure, @entity4 , and @entity10 .

title: Spontaneous @entity9 and coagulation parameters as risk factors for @entity5 in XXXX . Results of the PARD-study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PARD is a prospective study sponsored by the German Research Council with the aim to establish whether spontaneously enhanced @entity9 or changes of other @entity12 are risk factors for new @entity5 in @entity1 @entity0 . 363 @entity1 @entity0 (aged 45-65, 232 @entity0 , 131 @entity0 ) were observed for 5 years. Of the 232 @entity0 , 53 were on diet, 104 on oral antidiabetic drugs and 75 on insulin. Of 131 @entity0 16 were on diet, 46 on oral antidiabetic drugs and 69 on insulin. At entry clinical examination and laboratory tests were performed, covering the known risk factors for @entity3 . Hemostatic tests and clinical examination were performed at 3 months' intervals. The life status was followed for all @entity0 . Endpoints were carefully defined. Until December 31, 1984, 42 @entity0 died, 23 from @entity3 and 19 from other causes. 13 @entity0 suffered a @entity7 , 10 a @entity2 and 53 peripheral @entity5 . The occurrence of new @entity5 was significantly higher in those @entity0 with enhanced spontaneous @entity9 measured by PAT III angle alpha above 40 degrees at entry as compared to those with lower values. This was not the case for @entity0 . Other @entity12 , which had also some relation to @entity3 , in @entity0 were fibrinogen and F. @entity8 R:Ag. Established risk factors for which a significant relation to @entity3 was observed in this study, were smoking, duration of @entity1 , diastolic blood pressure, @entity4 , @entity10 and also @entity11 . The results of the PARD-study have verified the hypothesis that @entity13 is a major risk factor for future @entity5 in @entity1 @entity0 . They also lead to the hypothesis that high levels of F. @entity8 R:Ag and fibrinogen are further indicators of progressive @entity6 and may be useful as predictors of new @entity5 in combination with such established risk factors as smoking, duration of @entity1 , diastolic blood pressure, @entity4 , and @entity10 .

title: Spontaneous XXXX and coagulation parameters as risk factors for @entity5 in @entity1 . Results of the PARD-study.

answer: @entity9


abstract: PARD is a prospective study sponsored by the German Research Council with the aim to establish whether spontaneously enhanced @entity9 or changes of other @entity12 are risk factors for new @entity5 in @entity1 @entity0 . 363 @entity1 @entity0 (aged 45-65, 232 @entity0 , 131 @entity0 ) were observed for 5 years. Of the 232 @entity0 , 53 were on diet, 104 on oral antidiabetic drugs and 75 on insulin. Of 131 @entity0 16 were on diet, 46 on oral antidiabetic drugs and 69 on insulin. At entry clinical examination and laboratory tests were performed, covering the known risk factors for @entity3 . Hemostatic tests and clinical examination were performed at 3 months' intervals. The life status was followed for all @entity0 . Endpoints were carefully defined. Until December 31, 1984, 42 @entity0 died, 23 from @entity3 and 19 from other causes. 13 @entity0 suffered a @entity7 , 10 a @entity2 and 53 peripheral @entity5 . The occurrence of new @entity5 was significantly higher in those @entity0 with enhanced spontaneous @entity9 measured by PAT III angle alpha above 40 degrees at entry as compared to those with lower values. This was not the case for @entity0 . Other @entity12 , which had also some relation to @entity3 , in @entity0 were fibrinogen and F. @entity8 R:Ag. Established risk factors for which a significant relation to @entity3 was observed in this study, were smoking, duration of @entity1 , diastolic blood pressure, @entity4 , @entity10 and also @entity11 . The results of the PARD-study have verified the hypothesis that @entity13 is a major risk factor for future @entity5 in @entity1 @entity0 . They also lead to the hypothesis that high levels of F. @entity8 R:Ag and fibrinogen are further indicators of progressive @entity6 and may be useful as predictors of new @entity5 in combination with such established risk factors as smoking, duration of @entity1 , diastolic blood pressure, @entity4 , and @entity10 .

title: Spontaneous @entity9 and coagulation parameters as risk factors for XXXX in @entity1 . Results of the PARD-study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The function and morphology of the vestibular and cochlear parts of the inner ear have been examined after prenatal irradiation on the 12th, 13th and 16th gestational days in the CBA/CBA @entity1 . Irradiation was performed with a 0.5, 1 or 2 Gy single dose, whole body irradiation of the pregnant female. The irradiated fetuses were born after full term pregnancies and reached maturity (were 1--2 months old) before inner ears were analyzed with regard to vestibular tests, auditory thresholds and morphology. Morphology was studied by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Auditory function was analyzed by frequency specific auditory brainstem response (ABR). Irradiation doses exceeding 2 Gy caused @entity3 to the pregnant female, abortion or malformed litters which were eaten by their mothers. Doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 Gy caused malformed cristae ampullares and maculae utriculi, in particular after exposure on the 12th or 13th gestational days. After those doses no abnormality of clinical behaviour of the animals was found. Ultrastructurally, type I hair cells (HC) of the vestibular part seemed more vulnerable to irradiation than the type II HC while the outer (OHC) and inner (IHC) hair cells appeared equally vulnerable. The ultrastructural changes of hair cells were predominantly localized to the hair cell surface showing a defect cuticle which was sometimes malformed and bulging. Sensory hair fusion occurred with a resulting poor maturation of sensory hair rootlets. The efferent nerve endings were estimated to be reduced in number but, if present, they had a normal ultrastructure. Otoconia showed severe @entity0 following irradiation particularly if exposed on the 16th gestational day. Malformed and fused otoconia were frequent having a disarrayed matrix. The irradiation induced morphological alterations in vivo could be reproduced in the in vitro systems. In addition, a retarded growth of the in vitro developing inner ear anlage was estimated to be the same for the vestibular and cochlear parts. The cochlear part of the inner ear showed a dose and age dependent @entity4 following irradiation. A shift of the ABR threshold was recorded in all exposed groups that were irradiated with 2 Gy. A correlation was found between the individual ABR-audiograms and the degree of morphological @entity2 in the cochlea along the basilar membrane. The 12th gestational day inner ear anlage was most vulnerable to irradiation. The 13th gestational day inner ear was almost equally vulnerable and showed a dose-response relationship.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Structure and function of the adult inner ear in the XXXX following prenatal irradiation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 / @entity6 has excellent in vitro activity against the most pathogens involved in @entity2 . Two large multicentre studies recently evaluated the efficacy and safety of @entity4 / @entity6 in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections in @entity0 in hospital. The efficacy and safety of @entity4 / @entity6 (4 g/500 mg every 8 hours) have been assessed in an open study in Europe. Among 120 evaluable @entity0 , 93% were clinically cured or improved. Only six @entity0 were withdrawn from the study because of side effects. In another trial, @entity4 / @entity6 were compared with @entity5 / @entity3 in a double-blinded prospective study in the United States. Of evaluable @entity0 , 67 received @entity4 / @entity6 (3 g/375 mg every 6 hours) and 44 received @entity5 / @entity3 (3 g/100 mg every 6 hours). At assessment, 76% of @entity0 given @entity4 / @entity6 and 77% of @entity0 given @entity5 / @entity3 had responded favourably. The lower success rate in this trial may be attributed to more stringent inclusion criteria that resulted in the incorporation of a higher proportion of @entity0 with more severe conditions including @entity1 . The incidence of adverse reactions was similar in both groups. @entity4 / @entity6 seems to be both effective and safe in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections in @entity0 confined to hospital.

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX / @entity6 in skin and soft tissue infections.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 / @entity6 has excellent in vitro activity against the most pathogens involved in @entity2 . Two large multicentre studies recently evaluated the efficacy and safety of @entity4 / @entity6 in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections in @entity0 in hospital. The efficacy and safety of @entity4 / @entity6 (4 g/500 mg every 8 hours) have been assessed in an open study in Europe. Among 120 evaluable @entity0 , 93% were clinically cured or improved. Only six @entity0 were withdrawn from the study because of side effects. In another trial, @entity4 / @entity6 were compared with @entity5 / @entity3 in a double-blinded prospective study in the United States. Of evaluable @entity0 , 67 received @entity4 / @entity6 (3 g/375 mg every 6 hours) and 44 received @entity5 / @entity3 (3 g/100 mg every 6 hours). At assessment, 76% of @entity0 given @entity4 / @entity6 and 77% of @entity0 given @entity5 / @entity3 had responded favourably. The lower success rate in this trial may be attributed to more stringent inclusion criteria that resulted in the incorporation of a higher proportion of @entity0 with more severe conditions including @entity1 . The incidence of adverse reactions was similar in both groups. @entity4 / @entity6 seems to be both effective and safe in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections in @entity0 confined to hospital.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity4 / XXXX in skin and soft tissue infections.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The effect of antibodies against the @entity5 (anti-R) found in a @entity0 with the @entity3 of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans was characterized using 3T3-L1 cultured fat cells. Anti-R acutely mimicked the action of insulin by stimulating deoxyglucose uptake. With more prolonged exposure, this insulinomimetic effect decayed, @entity1 metabolism returned to basal levels, and the cells became severely resistant to the actions of insulin. As seen with anti-R from a previous @entity0 , desensitization consisted of both a dramatic decrease in the maximal responsiveness of the cells to insulin and a shift in the dose-response curve for insulin-stimulated @entity1 oxidation. The acute and chronic effects of anti-R were then compared. The concentration of anti-R required to half-maximally inhibit insulin binding averaged more than twice that required for half-maximal stimulation of @entity2 uptake, consistent with the amount of spare receptors in 3T3-L1 cells. After prolonged exposure, the insulinomimetic activity was completely lost at all concentrations of anti-R, even at those that did not completely induce insulin resistance. Thus, loss of the insulinomimetic activity of anti-R is necessary, but not sufficient, to cause desensitization. @entity4 was required to desensitize cells to insulin than would have been predicted on the basis of the acute inhibition of binding and the number of spare receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Autoantibodies against the XXXX . Dissociation of the acute effects of the antibodies from the desensitization seen with prolonged exposure.

answer: @entity5


abstract: To evaluate the dynamics of lymphocyte recirculation in @entity0 -bearing @entity1 , the post-capillary venules ( @entity2 ) were subjected to quantitative measurements in the regional (RLN) and nonregional (NRLN) lymph nodes during the progression of P815X2 @entity7 in @entity8 @entity1 . @entity1 were sacrificed at two-day intervals, and RLNs and NRLNs were analysed for their content of B- and T-lymphocytes and their subsets, demonstrated by immunoperoxidase technique using monoclonal antibodies; Anti- @entity4 (T cells), Anti- @entity6 (T-helper cells), Anti- @entity3 (T-suppressor cells), and Anti-I-Ad (B cell) antigens, separately in the B- and T-cell compartments. In the PCVs, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and endothelial height (Hend) were measured. There was a biphasic elevation of @entity5 in the RLNs, as compared with only a late rise in the NRLNs, reaching the peak (1.54) on day 14. In RLNs, there was a sharp reduction in Hend starting from the values (6.37 microns) on day 2, down to 4.79 microns on day 8. This is followed by rapid elevation close to the second-day values, e.g. 6.07 on day 10. The changes in @entity5 paralleled the early influx of B cells, as evidenced by the decrease of @entity4 +/I-Ad+ cell ratio and a late recruitment of T cells as indicated by the elevation of that ratio as well as the Hend values in both the RLNs and NRLNs. The present experiment shows that morphology of PCVs in the RLNs and in NRLNs of P815X2-bearing @entity1 is subjected to alterations reflecting the dynamics of lymphocyte recruitment into these organs. When combined with lymphocyte subset enumeration using monoclonal antibodies, the quantitative analysis of the PCVs permits predictions to be made on the recirculatory activity of these cell populations during the @entity0 progression.

title: Immune response against P815X2 XXXX growing in @entity8 @entity1 . III. Morphometric assessment of the dynamic changes in post-capillary venules as regulatory elements of lymphocyte recirculation in @entity0 -draining lymph nodes.

answer: @entity7


abstract: To evaluate the dynamics of lymphocyte recirculation in @entity0 -bearing @entity1 , the post-capillary venules ( @entity2 ) were subjected to quantitative measurements in the regional (RLN) and nonregional (NRLN) lymph nodes during the progression of P815X2 @entity7 in @entity8 @entity1 . @entity1 were sacrificed at two-day intervals, and RLNs and NRLNs were analysed for their content of B- and T-lymphocytes and their subsets, demonstrated by immunoperoxidase technique using monoclonal antibodies; Anti- @entity4 (T cells), Anti- @entity6 (T-helper cells), Anti- @entity3 (T-suppressor cells), and Anti-I-Ad (B cell) antigens, separately in the B- and T-cell compartments. In the PCVs, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and endothelial height (Hend) were measured. There was a biphasic elevation of @entity5 in the RLNs, as compared with only a late rise in the NRLNs, reaching the peak (1.54) on day 14. In RLNs, there was a sharp reduction in Hend starting from the values (6.37 microns) on day 2, down to 4.79 microns on day 8. This is followed by rapid elevation close to the second-day values, e.g. 6.07 on day 10. The changes in @entity5 paralleled the early influx of B cells, as evidenced by the decrease of @entity4 +/I-Ad+ cell ratio and a late recruitment of T cells as indicated by the elevation of that ratio as well as the Hend values in both the RLNs and NRLNs. The present experiment shows that morphology of PCVs in the RLNs and in NRLNs of P815X2-bearing @entity1 is subjected to alterations reflecting the dynamics of lymphocyte recruitment into these organs. When combined with lymphocyte subset enumeration using monoclonal antibodies, the quantitative analysis of the PCVs permits predictions to be made on the recirculatory activity of these cell populations during the @entity0 progression.

title: Immune response against P815X2 @entity7 growing in XXXX @entity1 . III. Morphometric assessment of the dynamic changes in post-capillary venules as regulatory elements of lymphocyte recirculation in @entity0 -draining lymph nodes.

answer: @entity8


abstract: To evaluate the dynamics of lymphocyte recirculation in @entity0 -bearing @entity1 , the post-capillary venules ( @entity2 ) were subjected to quantitative measurements in the regional (RLN) and nonregional (NRLN) lymph nodes during the progression of P815X2 @entity7 in @entity8 @entity1 . @entity1 were sacrificed at two-day intervals, and RLNs and NRLNs were analysed for their content of B- and T-lymphocytes and their subsets, demonstrated by immunoperoxidase technique using monoclonal antibodies; Anti- @entity4 (T cells), Anti- @entity6 (T-helper cells), Anti- @entity3 (T-suppressor cells), and Anti-I-Ad (B cell) antigens, separately in the B- and T-cell compartments. In the PCVs, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and endothelial height (Hend) were measured. There was a biphasic elevation of @entity5 in the RLNs, as compared with only a late rise in the NRLNs, reaching the peak (1.54) on day 14. In RLNs, there was a sharp reduction in Hend starting from the values (6.37 microns) on day 2, down to 4.79 microns on day 8. This is followed by rapid elevation close to the second-day values, e.g. 6.07 on day 10. The changes in @entity5 paralleled the early influx of B cells, as evidenced by the decrease of @entity4 +/I-Ad+ cell ratio and a late recruitment of T cells as indicated by the elevation of that ratio as well as the Hend values in both the RLNs and NRLNs. The present experiment shows that morphology of PCVs in the RLNs and in NRLNs of P815X2-bearing @entity1 is subjected to alterations reflecting the dynamics of lymphocyte recruitment into these organs. When combined with lymphocyte subset enumeration using monoclonal antibodies, the quantitative analysis of the PCVs permits predictions to be made on the recirculatory activity of these cell populations during the @entity0 progression.

title: Immune response against P815X2 @entity7 growing in @entity8 @entity1 . III. Morphometric assessment of the dynamic changes in post-capillary venules as regulatory elements of lymphocyte recirculation in XXXX -draining lymph nodes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To evaluate the dynamics of lymphocyte recirculation in @entity0 -bearing @entity1 , the post-capillary venules ( @entity2 ) were subjected to quantitative measurements in the regional (RLN) and nonregional (NRLN) lymph nodes during the progression of P815X2 @entity7 in @entity8 @entity1 . @entity1 were sacrificed at two-day intervals, and RLNs and NRLNs were analysed for their content of B- and T-lymphocytes and their subsets, demonstrated by immunoperoxidase technique using monoclonal antibodies; Anti- @entity4 (T cells), Anti- @entity6 (T-helper cells), Anti- @entity3 (T-suppressor cells), and Anti-I-Ad (B cell) antigens, separately in the B- and T-cell compartments. In the PCVs, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and endothelial height (Hend) were measured. There was a biphasic elevation of @entity5 in the RLNs, as compared with only a late rise in the NRLNs, reaching the peak (1.54) on day 14. In RLNs, there was a sharp reduction in Hend starting from the values (6.37 microns) on day 2, down to 4.79 microns on day 8. This is followed by rapid elevation close to the second-day values, e.g. 6.07 on day 10. The changes in @entity5 paralleled the early influx of B cells, as evidenced by the decrease of @entity4 +/I-Ad+ cell ratio and a late recruitment of T cells as indicated by the elevation of that ratio as well as the Hend values in both the RLNs and NRLNs. The present experiment shows that morphology of PCVs in the RLNs and in NRLNs of P815X2-bearing @entity1 is subjected to alterations reflecting the dynamics of lymphocyte recruitment into these organs. When combined with lymphocyte subset enumeration using monoclonal antibodies, the quantitative analysis of the PCVs permits predictions to be made on the recirculatory activity of these cell populations during the @entity0 progression.

title: Immune response against P815X2 @entity7 growing in @entity8 XXXX . III. Morphometric assessment of the dynamic changes in post-capillary venules as regulatory elements of lymphocyte recirculation in @entity0 -draining lymph nodes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Small doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced an acute phase response (APR), and a number of studies have also shown that this greatly enhances the severity of @entity0 in the heterologous phase of @entity6 (hNTN), an experimental model of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) disease. Here, we examined the influence of pre-existing @entity7 and raised APR, assessed by plasma @entity8 ( @entity8 ) concentration, on the degree of injury in this model of @entity6 . Studies were initially performed to determine the normal range of @entity8 in @entity1 and its modulation by @entity3 and different doses of LPS. Plasma concentration of @entity8 was found to be variable and dependent on the weight of the @entity1 . Single injections of either LPS or @entity3 had a comparable effect, and continuous perfusions of LPS caused a progressive increase in @entity8 which peaked at 48 h and declined gradually over 1 week. Following induction of @entity6 with 10 mg of anti- @entity4 antibody, rats with raised @entity8 had 14 +/- 3 mg/24 h @entity5 compared with 4 +/- 1 mg/24 h in @entity1 with normal @entity8 (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon). Injection of 20 mg anti- @entity4 antibody caused 36 +/- 11 mg/24 h @entity5 compared with 16 +/- 4 mg/24 h (P < 0.001), respectively. However, all these @entity1 remained active and none of them died. In contrast, injection of 0.25 microgram LPS before induction of @entity6 with 10 mg anti- @entity4 antibody, in @entity1 with raised @entity8 , caused severe @entity5 (115 +/- 23 mg/24 h) compared with @entity1 having normal levels of @entity8 (72 +/- 15 mg/24 h, P < 0.05). Furthermore, @entity1 with raised @entity8 also had severe systemic manifestations characterized by @entity2 and extensive @entity0 , and many of them died. These results demonstrate the potential effect of pre-existing @entity7 and raised APR on severity of @entity0 which may affect the outcome of experimental studies.

title: Influence of an established acute phase response on the severity of experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) induces differential secretion of lymphokines by @entity3 ( @entity3 )-positive and @entity3 -negative T cells. We studied T cell @entity3 -specific modulation of adult bone marrow erythropoiesis by recombinant @entity1 ( @entity4 ). I3-2R were induced by CD3 T cell surface determinant-triggering and analyzed by cytofluorography. Bone marrow monocyte and T cell-depleted ( @entity2 ) target cells were assessed for early erythroid progenitor expression (BFU-E) in the presence of 0 to 10(3) U/mL of @entity4 , @entity4 had no significant effect on BFU-E expression in the absence of T cells or in the presence of @entity3 -negative T cells. @entity4 caused a dose-dependent inhibition (75% to 90%) of BFU-E in the presence of autologous @entity3 -positive T cells. The addition of anti- @entity3 antibody to cultures containing @entity4 plus @entity3 -positive T cells entirely abrogated @entity4 -mediated inhibition of BFU-E. In the presence of @entity4 (10(2) U/mL) production of @entity0 ) by adult marrow CD3-triggered @entity3 -positive T cells was increased 37- to 125-fold compared to @entity3 -negative T cells. rIF-gamma caused a dose-dependent (88% +/- 17% at 10(3) U/mL) inhibition of adult BFU-E in the presence of CD3-triggered autologous T cells. @entity4 -mediated inhibition of adult BFU-E in the presence of @entity3 -positive T cells was partially abrogated (52% +/- 16%) following addition of monospecific IF-gamma antibody. These results demonstrate (a) @entity4 modulation of adult marrow erythropoiesis is selectively dependent upon both the presence or absence of autologous T cells and the @entity3 status of these T cells; and (b) @entity4 -induced inhibition of adult marrow erythropoiesis is mediated in part by release of IF-gamma from @entity3 -positive T cells.

title: Receptor-specific inhibition of bone marrow erythropoiesis by recombinant DNA-derived XXXX .

answer: @entity1