abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is associated with massive @entity2 of amyloid, which isformed from a mutated @entity5 ( @entity5 ) protein. Ninety percent of @entity5 protein is produced in liver. Liver transplantation (LT) is the only treatment that can halt @entity4 clinical progression. We studied 35 LT @entity0 . The mean age of the first symptoms was 36.6 years (ranging from 27 to 56), 19 were males, and 16 females, they underwent LT after a mean time of 5 years of symptomatic disease. Fifteen @entity0 followed for more than 24 months after LT had periodic evaluations with clinical and neurophysiological scores (CS and @entity3 ). Ten were first evaluated before LT (mean follow-up time of 44 months after LT), and 5 were evaluated only after LT (or a mean time of 41 months). Five @entity0 were followed periodically before LT (mean time of 44 months) to study the natural course of this condition. The mortality rate was of 14% in the first 6 months and was related to known complications of the surgery. No @entity1 occurred in the period 6 months to 1 year after LT. Five @entity0 (14%) died 1-2 years after LT, 4 of whom were transplanted in advance stages. In the survival group, CS tended to stabilize shortly after LT and to remain invariable later on. The NSprogressed in the first year following LT, and subsequently it did not increase significantly. LT changed the natural course of @entity4 -I.

title: Long-term quantitative evaluation of liver transplantation in XXXX (Portuguese V30M).

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity8 in @entity0 should be suspected if clinical features and @entity4 tests persist for over one month following an episode of @entity3 , in @entity0 who present with relapsing @entity3 , or those presenting coincidentally with features of @entity4 . Specific investigation must be undertaken to define aetiology. For example, @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity9 must be excluded. Early histological diagnosis by an experienced histopathologist is mandatory. @entity8 requires no therapy, but careful follow-up is desirable, especially for @entity6 . If the histological appearances are those of @entity8 , distinction between @entity2 -associated and autoimmune varieties is necessary. Autoimmune CAH in @entity0 differs from that in adults in that the onset is often acute, response to immunosuppressants usually favourable, and withdrawal of therapy may be successful, especially if diagnosis is established early before serious liver damage occurs. Evidence is presented to suggest that autoimmune CAH is associated with a genetic predisposition to @entity5 , characterized by both antigen-specific and antigen-independent T suppressor cell defects. An antibody-dependent non-T cell cytotoxicity operates against liver cell surface antigens. @entity2 CAH, on the other hand, may respond poorly to immunosuppressants and appropriate therapeutic regimens are not defined. There is some evidence to suggest that early diagnosis and institution of therapy in autoimmune CAH may lessen the incidence of @entity1 on follow-up. Further studies to understand the interaction between hepatocytes, inflammatory cells and non-parenchymal cells in the process of hepatic @entity1 may provide the means of active intervention in this area in the future.

title: XXXX and related disorders.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Numerous investigations in animals and @entity0 on the role of @entity7 in pregnancy yielded the following results. During normal pregnancy, there is an increased production of @entity7 with a vasodilatory action, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and prostacyclin (PGI2), especially in the uteroplacental and renal regions. This additional production contributes to a reduction in peripheral resistance so that the increase of blood volume which is specific for pregnancy can occur without increase in blood pressure. The fact that @entity7 participate in this mechanism is shown by administration of @entity9 synthesis inhibitors, thus producing a rise in blood pressure. In the autoregulation of the vessels, interactions between @entity3 angiotensin and @entity5 and PGI2 are thought to play an important role also in pregnancy. In support of this concept it has been shown that the pregnancy-specific reduction in vasoconstrictor action of angiotensin, is abolished when @entity9 synthesis inhibitors are given. It is assumed that @entity5 /PGI2 production and the @entity3 angiotensin production influence each other physiologically. Another important factor in the control of the haemodynamics and @entity4 is represented by the prostacyclin- @entity8 system. In normal pregnancy there should be a production equilibrium between the two antagonistic @entity7 . In @entity6 this equilibrium, which is particularly marked in the placenta and region of the foetal vessels, is disturbed with decreasing PGI2. The main symptoms of @entity6 --increase in blood pressure, coagulation disturbances and diminished placental circulation--can be derived from this. In @entity1 and @entity2 , both of which predispose to @entity6 , similar changes in @entity10 production have been observed. Hence, in case of @entity6 with disturbed eicosanoid production the administration of @entity9 synthesis inhibitors such as peripherally acting analgesics and corticoids is contraindicated. Approaches to a rational therapy such as administration of @entity8 synthesis inhibitors, a diet with @entity9 precursors and infusions of PGI2 appear promising according to preliminary results. Further advances may be expected after the function of @entity7 of the lipoxygenase paths in @entity6 has been elucidated.

title: [Significance of prostaglandins and other XXXX in the physiology and physiopathology of pregnancy].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Twenty-two adults with @entity3 of the spinal cord were treated with surgery and postoperative radiation between January 1963 and December 1983. The median age was 47 years. Nineteen @entity0 had grade 1 lesions, two had grade 2 and one grade 3. Ten @entity0 had the myxopapillary histologic subtype (all grade 1) and 12 had the cellular variant. There were 15 distal cord lesions originating from the conus medullaris, filum terminale and/or cauda equina. The remaining seven lesions arose more proximally. Fourteen @entity0 had localized lesions involving one to three @entity5 , while the remaining eight had extensive @entity3 spanning six to thirteen @entity5 . The median time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 3 years. Surgical treatment consisted of biopsy only in three @entity0 , subtotal removal in eleven @entity0 and total removal in eight @entity0 . Radiation was given to the spine only in all cases. Five @entity0 received whole spine radiation; seventeen received partial spine treatment, appropriate for the length of the @entity2 . The median dose was 5000 cGy (range 3600-5700 cGy). The disease free survival at 5 and 10 years was 81 and 71%, respectively. Overall survival at 5 and 10 years was 95%. Seven of twenty-two (32%) @entity0 failed. Factors analyzed for prognostic significance included age, sex, histology, extent of primary, location of primary within the cord, extent of surgical resection and dose. Too few grade 2 and 3 @entity0 precluded meaningful statistical analysis of grade as a prognostic factor. Neither age, sex, histology, extent of primary, location of primary, nor extent of surgical @entity4 free or overall survival (p greater than 0.05). Four of nineteen (21%) @entity0 with grade 1 lesions failed, while all three @entity0 with grade 2 and 3 lesions did so. Half of the eight @entity0 with extensive @entity3 failed compared to three of fourteen (21%) with limited ones. Six of seventeen (35%) @entity0 failed at doses less than or equal to 5000 cGy while only one of five (20%) failed at doses greater than 5000 cGy. Patterns of failure were analyzed for the seven @entity0 who failed. Six of the seven failures (86% of the failure group, 27% of the overall group) were local, that is, within the initial radiation field at the site of the original @entity1 . A single @entity0 (grade 2) failed in the posterior fossa while remaining NED in the spinal cord (a head CT scan at initial work-up was negative).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Radiotherapeutic management of adult XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: We adopted a two-stage approach ( @entity4 trunk procedure) in the repair of extensive @entity3 in 1991, performing 241 procedures in 155 @entity0 . METHODS: Reversed @entity4 trunk (graft replacement of the descending thoracic aorta followed by ascending/arch replacement) was performed in 18 @entity0 . All other @entity0 underwent conventional staged repair. The first stage was performed in 137 @entity0 , with 86 @entity0 returning for the second stage. RESULTS: First stage 30-day mortality was 9.5% (13 of 137). There was no second stage immediate @entity1 . Second stage mortality was 7.0% (6 of 86). During the interval of 31 days to 6 weeks after stage one, mortality was 10 of 124 (8%). Seven of the 10 interval deaths (70%) were due to rupture of the untreated aortic segment. The mortality rate was 32.1% (18 of 56) in the group of @entity0 who did not return for the second stage repair. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive @entity3 can be repaired with acceptable morbidity and mortality using the @entity4 trunk technique. After stage one, prompt treatment of the remaining @entity2 is crucial to success.

title: Staged repair of extensive XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity7 is a life-threatening medical condition. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Type B dissections are usually managed clinically during the acute phase. Conventional surgery carries high mortality rates due to the presence of serious complications. We herein present treatment of this condition with a less invasive endovascular approach. Other clinical situations such as penetrating @entity5 , intramural @entity6 , and true @entity2 of descending aorta were similarly treated. METHODS: From December 1996 to March 2002, 191 @entity0 with type B dissections were treated with self-expandable, @entity8 -covered stents. There were 120 @entity0 (62.8%) with type B dissections, 61 @entity0 (31.9%) with true @entity2 , 6 @entity0 (3.1%) with penetrating @entity5 or intramural @entity6 , and 4 @entity0 (2.1%) with @entity1 . @entity0 with @entity2 (44) and stents introduced under direct vision through the aortic arch (70) were excluded. The stent graft was delivered in the catheterization laboratory under general anesthesia, with induced @entity4 and heparinization. All stents used were made in Brazil (Braile Biomedics, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP). RESULTS: The procedure was performed in 191 consecutive cases. The success rate was 91.1% (174/191). Success was defined as occlusion of the thoracic intimal tear, or exclusion of the @entity2 without leaks. Hospital mortality was 10.4% (20/191 @entity0 ), due to preoperative comorbidities. Six @entity0 required conversion to surgery. No case of @entity3 was observed. An actuarial survival curve showed 87.4% +/- 29% survival in the late follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Stent grafts are an important development in the treatment of descending aortic @entity2 or dissections. This novel approach may replace conventional surgical treatment of these conditions, with earlier intervention and less morbidity.

title: Revolutionary treatment of XXXX and dissections of descending aorta: the endovascular approach.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Isometric tension responses to electrical stimulation have been studied at 7.5 37.5 degrees C in single, intact fibres of the flexor digitorum brevis muscle of the @entity1 . A large number of reproducible @entity2 could be obtained at temperatures less than or equal to 35 degrees C. 2. The tetanic force per cross-sectional area generated at 25.0 degrees C was 375 +/- 56 kPa (mean +/- S.D., n = 16). 3. The curve relating maximum tetanic tension to temperature exhibited a transition between a level of almost unaltered force (25.0-32.5 degrees C) and a marked force decline (less than or equal to 20.0 degrees C). At temperatures higher than 35.0 degrees C force production was markedly depressed and this reduction was in some cases irreversible. 4. Twitch tension showed less regular dependence on temperature; it was reduced less than tetanic tension at low temperatures. Thus, the twitch/ @entity2 tension ratio was higher at low temperatures. 5. The times for twitch contraction and for twitch half-relaxation (i) ranged from 7 to 14 ms and from 6 to 15 ms at 35.0 degrees C and (ii) exhibited Q10 values of 3.2 +/- 0.4 and 4.0 +/- 0.6, respectively. 6. It is concluded that it is possible to use intact, single fibres dissected from @entity0 skeletal muscle in physiological studies. Our results are close to previous results obtained from @entity0 muscles except that the tetanic tension per cross-sectional area was found to be higher than commonly reported.

title: The temperature dependence of isometric contractions of single, intact fibres dissected from a XXXX foot muscle.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The utility of @entity8 was evaluated in 93 @entity0 by means of electrophysiologic studies before and after intravenous @entity8 administration to determine long-term efficacy. Twenty @entity0 had a prior history of at least one @entity4 and 73 @entity0 had sustained @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The mean radionuclear ejection fraction was 32 +/- 5%. @entity8 was evaluated in 93 @entity0 , with 44 @entity0 no longer having @entity3 following @entity8 (47% efficacy). @entity5 was evaluated in 69 @entity0 ; 24 @entity0 had an adverse reaction to reaction to @entity5 and 28 of the 69 @entity0 were protected on @entity5 (40% efficacy). The mean serum concentration of @entity8 achieved in the protected group was 298 +/- 36 ng/ml and 4.3 micrograms/ml for @entity5 . Both @entity8 and @entity5 significantly prolonged refractoriness, lengthened QRS duration, while only @entity5 increased the QT interval. All 93 @entity0 were discharged on antiarrhythmic therapy, 42 on @entity8 , 27 on other antiarrhythmic therapy guided by electrophysiologic testing, and 24 on @entity6 (when all other agents failed). Six of the 42 @entity0 on @entity8 complained of adverse side effects, but none were severe enough to warrant stopping therapy. Of the 42 @entity0 on @entity8 , four (9%) died suddenly over 18 +/- 4 months. Twenty-seven @entity0 were on other therapy; eight of these have died, three suddenly (11%), four with @entity1 , and one due to @entity2 . Twenty-four @entity0 started @entity6 ; 11 have died, five (21%) suddenly, four of @entity2 , one of @entity7 , and one with @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Chronic XXXX therapy selected by electrophysiology testing of intravenous @entity8 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The utility of @entity8 was evaluated in 93 @entity0 by means of electrophysiologic studies before and after intravenous @entity8 administration to determine long-term efficacy. Twenty @entity0 had a prior history of at least one @entity4 and 73 @entity0 had sustained @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The mean radionuclear ejection fraction was 32 +/- 5%. @entity8 was evaluated in 93 @entity0 , with 44 @entity0 no longer having @entity3 following @entity8 (47% efficacy). @entity5 was evaluated in 69 @entity0 ; 24 @entity0 had an adverse reaction to reaction to @entity5 and 28 of the 69 @entity0 were protected on @entity5 (40% efficacy). The mean serum concentration of @entity8 achieved in the protected group was 298 +/- 36 ng/ml and 4.3 micrograms/ml for @entity5 . Both @entity8 and @entity5 significantly prolonged refractoriness, lengthened QRS duration, while only @entity5 increased the QT interval. All 93 @entity0 were discharged on antiarrhythmic therapy, 42 on @entity8 , 27 on other antiarrhythmic therapy guided by electrophysiologic testing, and 24 on @entity6 (when all other agents failed). Six of the 42 @entity0 on @entity8 complained of adverse side effects, but none were severe enough to warrant stopping therapy. Of the 42 @entity0 on @entity8 , four (9%) died suddenly over 18 +/- 4 months. Twenty-seven @entity0 were on other therapy; eight of these have died, three suddenly (11%), four with @entity1 , and one due to @entity2 . Twenty-four @entity0 started @entity6 ; 11 have died, five (21%) suddenly, four of @entity2 , one of @entity7 , and one with @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Chronic @entity8 therapy selected by electrophysiology testing of intravenous XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity5 were compared with intravenous @entity4 in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 in a double-blind, parallel study. Twenty-nine @entity0 were randomized to a @entity5 (n = 15) or @entity4 (n = 14) group. Antiarrhythmic efficacy was defined as a greater than or equal to 50% reduction in single @entity3 ( @entity3 ) frequency, greater than or equal to 90% reduction in paired @entity3 frequency, and total abolition of @entity2 . Efficacy was observed in 40% (6 of 15) of @entity0 in the @entity5 group and in 36% (5 of 14) @entity0 in the @entity4 group. A 75% or greater reduction in total VPCs occurred in 40% (6 of 15) of @entity0 in the @entity5 group and in 57% (8 of 14) of @entity0 in the @entity4 group. Greater than 90% suppression of paired VPCs occurred in 9 of 13 (69%) @entity0 taking @entity5 and in 6 of 11 (54%) @entity0 taking @entity4 . Total abolition of @entity2 was documented in 5 of 11 (45%) @entity0 given @entity5 and in two of six (33%) @entity0 given @entity4 . A total of 17 adverse reactions affecting 86% (12 of 14) of @entity0 taking @entity4 and 11 adverse reactions affecting 53% (8 of 15) of @entity0 taking @entity5 occurred. Four @entity0 in each treatment group suffered dose-limiting adverse effects. This study suggests that the efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity5 are similar to that of intravenous @entity4 in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 .

title: Double-blind randomized comparison of intravenous @entity5 versus XXXX in the treatment of chronic @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity5 were compared with intravenous @entity4 in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 in a double-blind, parallel study. Twenty-nine @entity0 were randomized to a @entity5 (n = 15) or @entity4 (n = 14) group. Antiarrhythmic efficacy was defined as a greater than or equal to 50% reduction in single @entity3 ( @entity3 ) frequency, greater than or equal to 90% reduction in paired @entity3 frequency, and total abolition of @entity2 . Efficacy was observed in 40% (6 of 15) of @entity0 in the @entity5 group and in 36% (5 of 14) @entity0 in the @entity4 group. A 75% or greater reduction in total VPCs occurred in 40% (6 of 15) of @entity0 in the @entity5 group and in 57% (8 of 14) of @entity0 in the @entity4 group. Greater than 90% suppression of paired VPCs occurred in 9 of 13 (69%) @entity0 taking @entity5 and in 6 of 11 (54%) @entity0 taking @entity4 . Total abolition of @entity2 was documented in 5 of 11 (45%) @entity0 given @entity5 and in two of six (33%) @entity0 given @entity4 . A total of 17 adverse reactions affecting 86% (12 of 14) of @entity0 taking @entity4 and 11 adverse reactions affecting 53% (8 of 15) of @entity0 taking @entity5 occurred. Four @entity0 in each treatment group suffered dose-limiting adverse effects. This study suggests that the efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity5 are similar to that of intravenous @entity4 in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 .

title: Double-blind randomized comparison of intravenous @entity5 versus @entity4 in the treatment of chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity5 were compared with intravenous @entity4 in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 in a double-blind, parallel study. Twenty-nine @entity0 were randomized to a @entity5 (n = 15) or @entity4 (n = 14) group. Antiarrhythmic efficacy was defined as a greater than or equal to 50% reduction in single @entity3 ( @entity3 ) frequency, greater than or equal to 90% reduction in paired @entity3 frequency, and total abolition of @entity2 . Efficacy was observed in 40% (6 of 15) of @entity0 in the @entity5 group and in 36% (5 of 14) @entity0 in the @entity4 group. A 75% or greater reduction in total VPCs occurred in 40% (6 of 15) of @entity0 in the @entity5 group and in 57% (8 of 14) of @entity0 in the @entity4 group. Greater than 90% suppression of paired VPCs occurred in 9 of 13 (69%) @entity0 taking @entity5 and in 6 of 11 (54%) @entity0 taking @entity4 . Total abolition of @entity2 was documented in 5 of 11 (45%) @entity0 given @entity5 and in two of six (33%) @entity0 given @entity4 . A total of 17 adverse reactions affecting 86% (12 of 14) of @entity0 taking @entity4 and 11 adverse reactions affecting 53% (8 of 15) of @entity0 taking @entity5 occurred. Four @entity0 in each treatment group suffered dose-limiting adverse effects. This study suggests that the efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity5 are similar to that of intravenous @entity4 in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 .

title: Double-blind randomized comparison of intravenous XXXX versus @entity4 in the treatment of chronic @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: This report describes the course of 23 @entity0 with @entity5 and severe @entity2 treated with a combination of plasmapheresis, chemotherapy, and supportive measures. Eight of ten @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) obtained recovery of renal function, and in five of them serum @entity4 concentration returned to normal. The remaining two @entity0 died before the effect of treatment could be evaluated. Eleven of 13 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) had substantial, albeit incomplete, improvement in renal function. The extent of functional recovery appeared to depend on the type of @entity1 , probably related to the duration of exposure to light chains. The median survival of the whole series of @entity0 was 9 months, and five @entity0 lived longer than 3 years. No clear-cut difference in survival was found between the group with @entity3 and that with @entity2 , although the latter presented higher values of serum @entity4 at the time of diagnosis and @entity2 after the completion of treatment. Moreover, no significantly different survival times were found when the group with complete recovery of renal function was compared to that with minor improvement. Thus, @entity2 , with the availability of effective forms of treatment of @entity6 , did not play a major prognostic role in our series. In contrast, the response to chemotherapy appeared to be the outstanding factor conditioning the duration of survival in these @entity0 .

title: Management of XXXX : an anti-light-chain approach.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In this study, we used DNA polymorphisms for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of @entity1 in a large group of Italian families. The restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) investigated were the intragenic polymorphic Bc/I site within the factor VIII gene; the extragenic multiallelic Taq I system at the @entity2 locus; and the extragenic Bg/II site at the DX13 locus. The factor VIII probe was informative in 30%, @entity2 in 82%, and DX13 in 60% of obligate carriers. The combination of factor VIII-Bc/I and @entity2 -Taq I showed that 91% of obligate carriers were heterozygotes for one or both; with all three probes, only 4% of obligate carriers were noninformative. In families clearly segregating for @entity1 , RFLP analysis allowed us to define the carrier status for the @entity1 gene in all 27 @entity0 tested. RFLP analysis allowed us to exclude the carrier status in 39 of 45 female relatives of sporadic @entity0 . The combination of RFLP analysis and biological assay of factor VIII allowed us to identify a de novo mutation in the maternal grandfather in 7 of 12 of the families with sporadic cases, for which members of three generations were available for study. Nine of 10 couples requesting prenatal diagnosis provided informative RFLP DNA pattern. Carrier status was excluded in two @entity0 , two fetuses were shown to be female, and prenatal diagnosis was carried out in five pregnancies by DNA analysis. Prenatal testing was successful in three instances and failed in two because a sufficient amount of chorionic villous DNA was not obtained for the analysis.

title: XXXX : carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis by DNA analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The change of immunoglobulin heavy (H) chain gene configuration during the differentiation of B cells from their early precursors was investigated in long-term cultures of bone marrow cells (LTBC). Hemopoietic stem cells are maintained in LTBC described by Dexter et al. (J. Cell. Physiol. 1977. 91: 335; LTBC-D), which supports the differentiation of myeloid lineage cells but not B lineage cells. By simply shifting the culture condition to that devised by Whitlock and Witte (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1982. 79: 3608; LTBC-B) to support the development of B lineage cells, surface IgM-bearing (sIgM+) B cells became detectable by the 2nd week after the shift and the number quickly increased thereafter, while the number of polymorphonuclear cells and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cell (CFU-c) decreased rapidly. H chain gene configuration of the developing cells in the culture was examined by Southern blot analysis of Eco RI-digested DNA with a @entity2 probe. Whereas rearranged @entity2 gene configuration was not detectable in the DNA from LTBC-D cells, it first appeared 2 weeks after the shift, and the level of the rearrangement rapidly increased thereafter as the intensity of @entity2 band of germ-line configuration decreased. Almost all the cells in the culture had undergone H chain gene rearrangement in both chromosomes by the 6th week after the shift. During 2 to 4 weeks after the shift, a cluster of bands spanning around 4.5-5.5 kb appeared dominant among the rearranged configurations of @entity2 gene and then it decreased in intensity as the pattern of @entity2 band became a more homogeneous smear. The distribution of rearranged @entity2 bands observed during 3-4 weeks after the shift was strikingly similar to that observed in normal spleen B cells. By semi-quantitative analysis of the intensity of @entity2 and DSP2 bands remaining in germ-line configuration, it was found that the loss of germ-line @entity2 band was far more rapid than that of germ-line DSP2 bands in the developing B cells in vitro. This result is consistent with the conclusion obtained in B cell tumor lines that D to J assembly occurred first and was followed by V to DJ assembly in this culture system. Taken together, it is likely that the process of H chain gene diversification in this culture system may represent the actual process during B cell differentiation in vivo. Differentiative capacity of bone marrow stem cells from @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was also analyzed in the same culture system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene diversification in the long-term bone marrow culture of normal @entity0 and @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The change of immunoglobulin heavy (H) chain gene configuration during the differentiation of B cells from their early precursors was investigated in long-term cultures of bone marrow cells (LTBC). Hemopoietic stem cells are maintained in LTBC described by Dexter et al. (J. Cell. Physiol. 1977. 91: 335; LTBC-D), which supports the differentiation of myeloid lineage cells but not B lineage cells. By simply shifting the culture condition to that devised by Whitlock and Witte (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1982. 79: 3608; LTBC-B) to support the development of B lineage cells, surface IgM-bearing (sIgM+) B cells became detectable by the 2nd week after the shift and the number quickly increased thereafter, while the number of polymorphonuclear cells and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cell (CFU-c) decreased rapidly. H chain gene configuration of the developing cells in the culture was examined by Southern blot analysis of Eco RI-digested DNA with a @entity2 probe. Whereas rearranged @entity2 gene configuration was not detectable in the DNA from LTBC-D cells, it first appeared 2 weeks after the shift, and the level of the rearrangement rapidly increased thereafter as the intensity of @entity2 band of germ-line configuration decreased. Almost all the cells in the culture had undergone H chain gene rearrangement in both chromosomes by the 6th week after the shift. During 2 to 4 weeks after the shift, a cluster of bands spanning around 4.5-5.5 kb appeared dominant among the rearranged configurations of @entity2 gene and then it decreased in intensity as the pattern of @entity2 band became a more homogeneous smear. The distribution of rearranged @entity2 bands observed during 3-4 weeks after the shift was strikingly similar to that observed in normal spleen B cells. By semi-quantitative analysis of the intensity of @entity2 and DSP2 bands remaining in germ-line configuration, it was found that the loss of germ-line @entity2 band was far more rapid than that of germ-line DSP2 bands in the developing B cells in vitro. This result is consistent with the conclusion obtained in B cell tumor lines that D to J assembly occurred first and was followed by V to DJ assembly in this culture system. Taken together, it is likely that the process of H chain gene diversification in this culture system may represent the actual process during B cell differentiation in vivo. Differentiative capacity of bone marrow stem cells from @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was also analyzed in the same culture system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene diversification in the long-term bone marrow culture of normal XXXX and @entity0 with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The change of immunoglobulin heavy (H) chain gene configuration during the differentiation of B cells from their early precursors was investigated in long-term cultures of bone marrow cells (LTBC). Hemopoietic stem cells are maintained in LTBC described by Dexter et al. (J. Cell. Physiol. 1977. 91: 335; LTBC-D), which supports the differentiation of myeloid lineage cells but not B lineage cells. By simply shifting the culture condition to that devised by Whitlock and Witte (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1982. 79: 3608; LTBC-B) to support the development of B lineage cells, surface IgM-bearing (sIgM+) B cells became detectable by the 2nd week after the shift and the number quickly increased thereafter, while the number of polymorphonuclear cells and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cell (CFU-c) decreased rapidly. H chain gene configuration of the developing cells in the culture was examined by Southern blot analysis of Eco RI-digested DNA with a @entity2 probe. Whereas rearranged @entity2 gene configuration was not detectable in the DNA from LTBC-D cells, it first appeared 2 weeks after the shift, and the level of the rearrangement rapidly increased thereafter as the intensity of @entity2 band of germ-line configuration decreased. Almost all the cells in the culture had undergone H chain gene rearrangement in both chromosomes by the 6th week after the shift. During 2 to 4 weeks after the shift, a cluster of bands spanning around 4.5-5.5 kb appeared dominant among the rearranged configurations of @entity2 gene and then it decreased in intensity as the pattern of @entity2 band became a more homogeneous smear. The distribution of rearranged @entity2 bands observed during 3-4 weeks after the shift was strikingly similar to that observed in normal spleen B cells. By semi-quantitative analysis of the intensity of @entity2 and DSP2 bands remaining in germ-line configuration, it was found that the loss of germ-line @entity2 band was far more rapid than that of germ-line DSP2 bands in the developing B cells in vitro. This result is consistent with the conclusion obtained in B cell tumor lines that D to J assembly occurred first and was followed by V to DJ assembly in this culture system. Taken together, it is likely that the process of H chain gene diversification in this culture system may represent the actual process during B cell differentiation in vivo. Differentiative capacity of bone marrow stem cells from @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was also analyzed in the same culture system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene diversification in the long-term bone marrow culture of normal @entity0 and XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The fine structure and distribution of the epithelial cells of the airway in the @entity0 were studied continuously from the @entity1 to terminal bronchioles by @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The airway could be divided into three different regions according to cell population: 1) the @entity1 and extrapulmonary bronchi; 2) intrapulmonary bronchi (larger than 500 microns in caliber); and 3) bronchioles (smaller than 500 microns in caliber). From their surface structures, the epithelial cells could be classified into ciliated and non-ciliated cells, the latter including brush cells, Clara cells and other non-ciliated (secretory) cells. 1. Ciliated cells. The cilia are longer, thicker and more numerous in the @entity1 ; they decrease in length, thickness and number toward the periphery. 2. Brush cells. They possess thin microvilli (0.2 micron in thickness) in the @entity1 and extrapulmonary bronchi, with a rounded end. In the bronchioles they possess thick microvilli (0.3 micron in thickness) abruptly ending in a right angle edge. The brush cells are distributed sparsely but rather uniformly, and apt to be grouped in two or more cells. 3. Clara cells. Their apical cytoplasm shows a domed or papillary swelling and possesses a few microvilli. The Clara cells are distributed in the bronchioles and can already be found some distance proximal to the bronchial furcations into bronchioles. 4. Other non-ciliated (secretory) cells. Their apical cytoplasm seems to contain secretory granules immediately beneath the cell surface. They often gather in groups in the @entity1 and extrapulmonary bronchi, tending to form large areas corresponding to sites supported by tracheal or bronchial cartilage. There were found several orifices in tracheal or bronchial glands whose long axes paralleled the tracheal or bronchial axes. Dome-shaped elevations sometimes appear near the branching points of the intrapulmonary bronchi. There were regarded as bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT).

title: The distribution and surface ultrastructure of airway epithelial cells in the XXXX lung: a scanning electron microscopic study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the value of elemental diet in @entity3 -resistant and @entity3 -dependent @entity1 . Elemental diet (Vivonex HN, 39.4 +/- 9.2 kcal/kg/d) was delivered through a nasogastric tube at a constant rate. Twenty therapeutic periods lasting from 20 to 74 days (median, 32 days) were undertaken in 18 @entity0 . Elemental diet was well tolerated. Mean values of hemoglobin, serum albumin, and serum @entity2 increased significantly through the therapeutic period; body weight and anthropometric data did not change significantly. The short-term response to elemental diet was excellent in 11 cases, demonstrated by achievement of clinical remission and @entity3 withdrawal; six @entity0 had an incomplete remission and remained slightly active or had to be maintained under low dose @entity4 ; three @entity0 did not respond to therapy and had to be operated upon. During the follow-up (6-30 months), 8 @entity0 out of 17 had a relapse. Relapse was controlled by medical therapy in 5 cases and led to surgery in the 3 other cases. We conclude that elemental diet, as total parenteral nutrition, is an effective therapy of @entity3 -resistant and @entity3 -dependent @entity1 . However, elemental diet does not prevent relapse.

title: [Exclusive elemental enteral diet in cortico-resistant and cortico-dependent forms of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: This report represents the first published information on intestinal ciliated protozoa in the African @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Two new genera which do not relate to any known ciliated protozoa from the intestines of mammals and five new species are described. The ciliates were found in the colon of three of these free-living hindgut-fermenting grazers that were shot in widely spaced districts in southern Africa. Phalodinium digitalis n. gen., @entity0 ., Arachnodinium noveni n. gen., @entity0 ., Monoposthium vulgaris @entity0 ., M. bracchium @entity0 ., and M. latus @entity0 . constituted between 1% and 10% of the total ciliate population (ca. 1 X 10(5)/ml digesta) in the ascending colon. Exceedingly small numbers were observed in the descending colon, indicating temporary accommodation only.

title: Intestinal ciliated protozoa of African rhinoceros: two new genera and five new species from the white rhino ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effects of @entity2 on conduction of dorsal column fibers at various stimulus frequencies were analyzed in pentobarbital anesthetized @entity1 . The responses to L6 dorsal root stimulation at 1 to 500 Hz were recorded from the L2 cord dorsum. The L4 cord segment was compressed gradually until the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) at 1 Hz was flat. There was no significant change of @entity3 at any frequency during the first part of compression, but there was progressive conduction failure, which was more severe with increased stimulus frequency, at a later stage. After decompression, the CAPs at all frequencies recovered progressively for 1 hour but slowly thereafter. However, marked differences were observed in recovery rate at different stimulus frequencies. The recovery rate at 500 Hz was much slower than that at 1 Hz, whereas the recovery rate at 100 Hz exceeded those at 1 Hz. Serial analysis of a train of high frequency impulses revealed the following different response patterns with stimulus frequencies after decompression. At 333-500 Hz the amplitude of CAPs decreased progressively, whereas at 33-125 Hz it increased up to 110-134% of the first @entity3 and then reached an almost steady level. At 200-250 Hz the amplitude increased transiently and then decreased progressively. The latency increased with decreased amplitude, and decreased with increased amplitude. Conduction failure at a high stimulus frequency (500 Hz) was observed at the compression site. In contrast, augmentation of CAPs at moderately high stimulus frequency (100 Hz) was observed rostral to the compressing site. The conduction failure at high stimulus frequency indicates @entity0 of spike generation in axons injured by mechanical compression and that these axons can transmit impulses at a low stimulus frequency. High frequency stimulation may be useful for monitoring of the function of the CNS axons. The mechanism underlying the augmentation of CAPs at moderately high stimulus frequency is briefly discussed.

title: Conductivity of dorsal column fibers during experimental XXXX and after decompression at various stimulus frequencies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The association between support elements (ventilator days = Vd, enteral protein = EnP, number of antibiotics per day = AB/d) and the magnitude of the septic state ( @entity5 ) and its bacteriologic manifestations (bacti. log) in 66 @entity0 with blunt @entity3 (mean HTI-ISS = 40) over 1649 days have been studied retrospectively. @entity5 is measured by summing the standard deviation units of change in the septic direction for the 16 measurements taken every day in the intensive care unit. Increasing Vd is tightly associated with an increasing @entity5 (r = +0.52), after day 10 an increasing bacti. log (r = +0.21 to +0.32), and an increasing AB/d (r = +0.26) (all p less than 0.001, N = 1615 - 1626). The independent variables that best predicted Vd were delayed operations (DORS), day of rising EnP, and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (adj. R sq. = 0.84, F = 104, dF = 3/59). An increasing AB/d was associated with an increasing @entity5 (r = +0.38), increasing Vd (r = +0.26), and an increased bacti. log (r = +0.14 to +0.18) (all p less than 0.001, N = 1615). Only an increased EnP was consistently associated with a reduced @entity5 (r = -0.38) and a reduction in bacti. log (r = -0.10 to -0.21) (all p less than 0.001, N = 1626-1636). The independent variables Vd, EnP, AB/d, and @entity4 best predicted @entity5 for all surviving @entity0 (adj. R sq. = 0.42, F = 268, dF = 4/1496). The @entity0 who died of @entity2 were not different in terms of bacti. log from those with equal Vd but were distinguished by zero EnP, high AB/d, and persistent ventilatory support. In conclusion, DORS is tightly associated with increased Vd, @entity5 , AB/d, and zero EnP. If Vd exceeds 10, there is an increasing bacti. log and evidence of @entity1 probably from the gut. This responds only to increased EnP and not to AB/d. Death due to @entity2 is not associated with increased bacti. log but with zero EnP and high AB/d and their consequences.

title: The gut origin septic states in blunt XXXX (ISS = 40) in the ICU.

answer: @entity3


abstract: During the last 10 years we operated on 69 Conn's @entity3 of which 59 were followed up for a mean period of 16 months (range: 3-96 months). Surgery cured the @entity2 (blood pressure less than 140/90) in 47 p. 100 of the @entity0 . Improved blood pressure (systolic: mean = 46 mmHg; range 0-135 mmHg and diastolic: mean = 25 mmHg; range 0-66 mmHg) was noted in another 47 p. 100 of @entity0 whereas no blood pressure change was noted in 3 @entity0 . Biological primary @entity6 was found post-operatively in 2 of these 3 @entity0 and also in one whose @entity2 was improved. In this last @entity0 plus the three unimproved by surgery, small @entity1 (less than 10 mm) were found and co-existnt @entity8 was found in the 2 @entity0 who had had an adrenalectomy. Fifty-one @entity0 were treated pre-operatively by @entity9 (SP) alone (3.2 +/- 1.3 mg/kg) for a mean period of 6.8 weeks (range: 3 to 20 weeks). Only 2 of the 24 @entity0 controlled by SP were not cured by surgery and one of them had persistnt primary @entity6 . Conversely, 3 of the 27 uncontrolled by SP were cured post-operatively, and these exceptions could be due to the weak dose of SP (n = 2) and an observance problem (n = 1). @entity0 cured by surgery had shorter duration of @entity2 (4.3 +/- 3.0 years vs 10.1 +/- 8.1; p less than 0.01) and lower diastolic pressure (111 +/- 14 mmHg vs 121 +/- 12; p less than 0.01) than uncured @entity0 . No significant difference between these two groups was observed with respect to systolic pressure, age, sex, plasma @entity5 , plasma @entity4 activity and plasma @entity7 levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Results of the surgical treatment of Conn's XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Five experiments involving 359 weanling (8 kg) @entity3 were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary excesses of @entity10 (Met), @entity11 (Trp), @entity12 (Thr) or @entity6 (Leu) when added to a 20% crude protein @entity7 - @entity2 meal (C-SBM) diet. Experiments involved supplementing the basal diet with 0, .5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0% excesses of Met, Trp or Thr, or in the case of Leu, a 0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 or 6.0% excess. Levels of .5 and 1.0% excess Met did not depress feed intake (FI), @entity1 (G) or gain/feed (G/F); 2.0 and 4.0% additions, however, depressed both FI and G but not G/F. Free Met in blood plasma increased linearly as dietary Met level increased, reaching over a 100-fold elevation at the highest Met level fed. Plasma Thr and @entity0 (Ser) increased, and @entity4 ( @entity5 ) decreased, with each added increment of Met. With Trp, only the 4.0% addition depressed FI and G (but not G/F). None of the levels of excess Thr depressed performance. Excess Thr, in fact, tended to increase G/F. Free Thr, Ser and @entity5 in plasma increased linearly as graded increments of excess Thr were added to the diet. With Leu, a 6% addition depressed @entity1 and food intake (but not G/F) but 1, 2 or 4% excesses were without effect. Plasma free Leu increased linearly while free @entity9 and @entity8 decreased as graded increments of Leu were added to the diet. These results suggest that @entity3 can tolerate considerable excesses of Met, Trp, Thr and Leu without experiencing @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Amino acid excesses for young XXXX : effects of excess methionine, tryptophan, threonine or leucine.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The fibrinolytic response to @entity2 was assessed in 29 @entity0 with normal or complicated pregnancy, by measurements of total @entity6 and free @entity6 with specific ELISAs. The release of @entity6 from the vessel wall was 11 +/- 9 ng/ml in non-pregnant @entity0 (mean +/- SD, n = 6) but was markedly reduced throughout pregnancy. Following @entity2 , free @entity6 increased by 12 +/- 11 ng/ml in non-pregnant @entity0 but remained below the detection limit of 2 ng/ml towards the end of pregnancy. A markedly reduced @entity6 release with absence of free @entity6 was also observed during late pregnancy in @entity0 with @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity4 . Plasma levels of fragment D-dimer of cross-linked fibrin were measured with a specific ELISA in 79 pregnant @entity0 . D-dimer levels were 129 +/- 36 ng/ml (mean +/- SD, n = 8) in non-pregnant @entity0 and increased to 400 +/- 170 ng/ml (n = 25) and 440 +/- 220 ng/ml (n = 22) during the second and third trimester of pregnancy respectively. Significantly higher levels than observed in uncomplicated third trimester pregnancies were found in 3 out of 6 @entity1 and in 2 out of 7 pre-eclamptic @entity0 . It is concluded that the @entity6 release after @entity2 is significantly reduced during pregnancy. In addition, released @entity6 is rapidly inhibited. The levels of fragment D-dimer increase during pregnancy, suggesting that, notwithstanding the marked impairment of the fibrinolytic response to @entity2 , the fibrinolytic system remains functionally active.

title: Fibrinolytic response to XXXX and fibrin fragment D-dimer levels in normal and complicated pregnancy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The protective role of the liver in @entity2 was strongly suggested. However, hepatic changes in other forms of shock has not been elucidate the purpose of present work were to investigate. The morphological and histochemical changes of the liver in @entity3 were observed. In six mongrel @entity1 severe @entity3 was produced by occlusion of superior mesenteric artery for 4 hours and experiment was terminated when agony of animals began. Six healthy @entity1 severed as control group. In @entity3 the microscopic findings supposed severe @entity0 changes in intestinal epithelium. Simultaneously distinct degenerative changes in hepatic cells with vacuolization of enzymic cytoplasm. The reaction to acid phosphatase was more intensive and partially diffuse. The staining reaction alkaline phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, and lactic dehydrogenase varied from strongly positive to negative. Different changes of p.a.S. reaction and protein and groups SH and groups NH were observed suggesting the damage hepatocytes. The results of this study suggest the severe disturbances in hepatic morphology and function following the @entity3 . The pathogenesis of this changes is discussion.

title: Intestinal and hepatic changes following superior mesenteric artery occlusion shock in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The clinical investigation of fast neutrons at Hammersmith Hospital included 17 @entity1 who between them had 20 T4 @entity0 . The majority of these @entity3 were @entity8 and all were @entity5 . Ten had recurred after multiple other therapies. Complete local regression was achieved in all but one (95%) and no @entity3 recurred. Symptoms were relieved in all cases. Median survival was 26 months. Three @entity1 developed small areas of @entity4 following trauma of previous radiation. All the neutron treated breasts became fibrosed, but this was painless. Neutron treatment needed only 12 attendances over 28 days, in contrast to the best results from photon therapy which required 6-7 weeks followed by implant of radioactive wire and/or surgical excision. One @entity1 who had bilateral @entity3 received neutrons to the left breast and X-ray therapy (photons) to the right. The photon treated @entity3 did not completely regress and recurred. The neutron treated one completely regressed and did not recur. Neutrons were also more effective than @entity7 which causes complete regression in only about 30% of cases. It is suggested that neutron therapy is indicated for locally advanced @entity3 which do not respond to hormones. Since @entity2 were a common cause of @entity6 , there remains a need for an effective adjuvant treatment, acceptable to elderly @entity1 .

title: Fast neutrons in the treatment of locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A retrospective cooperative study was undertaken to analyze the fate of 300 clinical @entity0 @entity1 who were alive and apparently cured with both breasts preserved, 10 years following primary limited surgery with irradiation. All @entity1 had been treated by @entity3 excision, with or without axillary dissection, followed by megavoltage radiation therapy. Follow-up ranged from 10.5 to 26 years, median 14.5 years. The overall actuarial survival (Kaplan-Meier) of the 300 "cured" @entity1 was 86% at 15 years and 78% at 20 years, with 38.5% of deaths attributable to @entity0 . The actuarial probability of remaining free of @entity2 was 91% at both 15 and 20 years, independent of age or clinical stage. Sixteen @entity1 (5.3%) developed recurrent @entity3 in the treated breast beyond the tenth year, the actuarial probability of remaining free of breast recurrence being 94% and 90% at 15 and 20 years, respectively. Contralateral @entity0 developed during the second decade in 5 @entity1 , with a cumulative risk of 6.5% at 20 years. Significant treatment-related problems appeared during the second decade in 5 @entity1 , including one chest wall @entity4 ; all of these @entity1 had received at least 60 Gy to breast and regional nodal areas. A comparison of these results with those in the literature allowed the following conclusions to be drawn: (a) the risk of death, as well as @entity0 mortality during the second decade, are similar for both conservatively and radically treated @entity1 with @entity0 ; (b) the risk of @entity0 is not greater than that observed following primary radical surgery without radiation therapy; (c) ipsilateral breast "recurrences" continue to occur at about 1% per year during the second decade. Such late recurrences are highly operable and have a favorable prognosis; (d) late progression of treatment-related sequelae is uncommon. This analysis supports the continued use of breast-conserving surgery with radiation therapy in the treatment of @entity0 .

title: The second ten years: long-term risks of breast conservation in early XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Four @entity0 , aged 10 to 44 years, with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and @entity3 developed @entity2 after treatment of their CSF leaks. The leak was at the spinal level in all @entity0 (thoracic level, 2; lumbar level, 1; and undetermined, 1). One @entity0 responded to an epidural blood patch. Three @entity0 responded to surgery, of whom 2 had not responded to prior epidural blood patches. Treatment resulted in complete resolution of symptoms, including @entity1 and disappearance of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities. However, all @entity0 later developed steady @entity1 different from their previous @entity1 . None had recurrence of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities or any evidence of occlusion of cerebral venous sinuses. All had increased CSF opening pressures. One had bilateral @entity4 , and another had no venous pulsations on examination of fundi. Follow-up was possible in 2 @entity0 . One responded well to treatment with @entity5 , and the other improved gradually and was asymptomatic within several months.

title: XXXX after treatment of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The expansion of coronary surgery on the beating heart without cardiopulmonary bypass has led to increasing interest in ultra-fast track anesthesia, allowing extubation of the @entity0 in the operating theater. The techniques described to date combined general anesthesia with @entity8 . We report the routine application of a technique that allows immediate extubation in the majority of @entity0 undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting without @entity8 . METHODS: Fast-track anesthesia using an ultra-shortacting opiate @entity10 , without epidural catheter insertion, was used in 160 unselected @entity0 undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (aged 43 to 83 years, mean 65 years). There were an average of 2.2 bypass procedures per @entity0 , with the left internal mammary artery used in 93%. Contraindications to immediate extubation were (except for failure to meet standard extubation criteria) @entity9 and persistent @entity4 at the end of operation. Satisfactory postoperative @entity2 control was achieved by continuous @entity10 (0.0125 to 0.05 microg x kg(-1) x @entity7 )). RESULTS: Operating theater extubation within 10 minutes of the end of operation was feasible in 150 @entity0 (94%). Five @entity0 (3%) were extubated within 2 hours, and the remaining 5 @entity0 (3%) were converted to standard anesthesia. There were no deaths during hospitalization. Major complications included @entity5 and transient @entity1 attacks (2 @entity0 each). No @entity3 were seen. Episodes of @entity6 occurred in 21% of the @entity0 undergoing operation. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate extubation is possible in most @entity0 after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting even without @entity8 . We believe this type of less invasive cardiac anesthesia is safe and promising.

title: Routine immediate extubation for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting without XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Out of 24 @entity0 with @entity3 6 (5 female, 1 male) suffered from repeated relapses and underwent long-term treatment with alpha-IFN-therapy. Age at onset of the disease: 1 5/12-16 2/12 years. Duration of illness: 1-7 years, with several relapses were treated surgically and with laser-coagulation. Three out of 6 @entity0 had a tracheal cannula and were cauterized by podophylline at 2-4 week intervals. IFN was given in dosages of 5-20 X 10(4) U/kg 2 or 3 times a week. IFN-dosage for each @entity0 was determined using the induction kinetics of (2'-5')-oligo(A)synthetase ( @entity1 ) in the mononuclear cells of the circulating blood of @entity0 with @entity3 . A continuous effect could be achieved by the dose of IFN determined in the described way always before @entity1 activity decreased to its initial level. All 6 @entity0 responded favorably to the alpha-IFN-therapy. Two @entity0 treated only with IFN showed remission without relapses. In 2 cases IFN was successfully used to prevent relapses after surgical treatment and laser-coagulation. In 2 @entity0 with @entity2 extending into the main bronchi the disease could only be brought to a standstill, i.e. it was not necessary to remove the @entity2 . Two out of 3 @entity0 with @entity3 could be decannulated. Long-term therapy following the above described principles is efficient and without significant side-effects. Three @entity0 are in treatment for more than 3 10/12 years.

title: [Results of long-term leukocyte interferon (alpha IFN) therapy using an individually determined dose schedule in recurrent XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: T cell depletion of donor bone marrow prevents @entity3 ( @entity3 ) but increases the risk of rejection. @entity0 bone marrow was T-cell-depleted using the properties of @entity0 T cells to form spontaneous rosettes in the cold and by incubation in @entity2 (1 mg/ml, 10(6) cells/ml). New Zealand white @entity0 were transplanted with Red Burgundy @entity0 bone marrow from the opposite sex after conditioning with 12 Gy total body irradiation. Untreated animals die of @entity3 at day 23. Three groups were studied: T cell depletion plus @entity1 (A), T-cell-depleted bone marrow plus irradiated autologous bone marrow plus irradiated donor buffy coat (B), and T-cell-depleted bone marrow plus irradiated autologous bone marrow plus irradiated donor buffy coat plus @entity1 (C). Buffy coat cells irradiated with 15 Gy were given for 5 days. Such cells do not form colonies in culture; however, they are able to release @entity4 . In group A, 9 of 15 animals rejected, 6 survived for 45 days (median, range 16-249 days). In group B, all 5 of 5 animals died of rejection (median survival time 14 days, range 13-20 days). In group C, 8 of 10 animals did engraft, 4 died of @entity3 (median survival 48 days, range 26-58 days), and 4 are long-term survivors (greater than 6 months to greater than 1 year), 3 as complete chimeras. We conclude that the combination of irradiated donor buffy coat cells, irradiated autologous bone marrow and @entity1 restores engraftment of T-cell-depleted mismatched bone marrow without losing the benefit of reduced @entity3 .

title: Engraftment of T-cell-depleted XXXX bone marrow.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Recently, we reported that recombinant interferon-alpha (rIFN-alpha) can induce hematologic remissions and cytogenetic improvement in newly diagnosed Philadelphia (Ph)-positive @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 . Although @entity2 is a structurally distinct molecule, this agent suppresses in vitro hematopoietic progenitor cells in a fashion similar to that of @entity4 . Therefore, we initiated a study of @entity5 at doses of 0.25 to 0.5 mg/m2/d intramuscularly in @entity0 with Ph-positive benign-phase @entity3 . Twenty-six of 30 @entity0 entered in the study were evaluable. Six @entity0 have achieved a complete hematologic response; four, a partial hematologic response. The median follow-up period of @entity0 who are in complete remission is 7.5 months (range, 5 to 12 months). No relapses have occurred among the complete responders. So far, five @entity0 have had cytogenetic improvement with emergence of 5% to 45% diploid cells in the bone marrow. @entity1 and flulike symptoms were the most common side effects, with partial tolerance often developing after about 1 week. The majority of @entity0 tolerated therapy with minimal change in performance status. In conclusion, @entity5 has demonstrated clinical activity in @entity3 . On the basis of these observations and the in vitro synergistic growth-inhibitory effects of @entity4 and @entity2 , we have started trials of combination IFN therapy in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Therapy of XXXX with recombinant @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Recently, we reported that recombinant interferon-alpha (rIFN-alpha) can induce hematologic remissions and cytogenetic improvement in newly diagnosed Philadelphia (Ph)-positive @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 . Although @entity2 is a structurally distinct molecule, this agent suppresses in vitro hematopoietic progenitor cells in a fashion similar to that of @entity4 . Therefore, we initiated a study of @entity5 at doses of 0.25 to 0.5 mg/m2/d intramuscularly in @entity0 with Ph-positive benign-phase @entity3 . Twenty-six of 30 @entity0 entered in the study were evaluable. Six @entity0 have achieved a complete hematologic response; four, a partial hematologic response. The median follow-up period of @entity0 who are in complete remission is 7.5 months (range, 5 to 12 months). No relapses have occurred among the complete responders. So far, five @entity0 have had cytogenetic improvement with emergence of 5% to 45% diploid cells in the bone marrow. @entity1 and flulike symptoms were the most common side effects, with partial tolerance often developing after about 1 week. The majority of @entity0 tolerated therapy with minimal change in performance status. In conclusion, @entity5 has demonstrated clinical activity in @entity3 . On the basis of these observations and the in vitro synergistic growth-inhibitory effects of @entity4 and @entity2 , we have started trials of combination IFN therapy in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Therapy of @entity3 with recombinant XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 who undergo orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for @entity10 ( @entity10 ) traditionally have been anticoagulated with warfarin postoperatively. Because a significant proportion of @entity10 @entity0 are found to have an underlying @entity11 ( @entity11 ), antiplatelet therapy may be a more rational treatment strategy for this subgroup. METHODS: All @entity0 who underwent OLT for the diagnosis of @entity10 at our institution through March 2000 were included in this analysis. Posttransplant therapy consisted of @entity8 and @entity2 for those with MPDs. Standard anticoagulation or no antithrombotic treatment was given to @entity10 @entity0 with other causes. @entity3 ( @entity5 and @entity4 ) and mortality were determined. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity0 underwent OLT for @entity10 at our institution. The mean follow-up was 68.4 months. Two of seventeen @entity0 died; one @entity0 died of recurrent @entity5 (124 months after OLT) and the other @entity0 died of @entity9 (7 months after OLT). Twelve @entity0 (71%) had evidence of a @entity11 . Two of the @entity11 @entity0 were treated with @entity6 before the initiation of @entity8 and @entity2 therapy. The remaining 10 @entity11 @entity0 were placed on only @entity8 and @entity2 after OLT. @entity12 was used in place of @entity8 in two @entity0 because of @entity7 caused by the latter agent. The mean follow-up of this group of 10 @entity0 was 59.9 months. Only one @entity0 experienced recurrent @entity5 , which occurred more than 10 years after the original transplant. There were no major @entity4 complications and posttransplant liver biopsies were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Antiplatelet therapy that consists of @entity8 and @entity2 is a safe and effective alternative to anticoagulation to prevent recurrent @entity5 in @entity11 @entity0 with @entity10 after liver transplantation. For @entity0 with a @entity1 state corrected by OLT, antithrombotic therapy probably is not required. For those @entity0 with conditions not corrected by OLT or with idiopathic @entity10 , anticoagulation or other therapy to control the @entity1 state should be given.

title: Hematologic aspects of liver transplantation for @entity10 with special reference to XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 who undergo orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for @entity10 ( @entity10 ) traditionally have been anticoagulated with warfarin postoperatively. Because a significant proportion of @entity10 @entity0 are found to have an underlying @entity11 ( @entity11 ), antiplatelet therapy may be a more rational treatment strategy for this subgroup. METHODS: All @entity0 who underwent OLT for the diagnosis of @entity10 at our institution through March 2000 were included in this analysis. Posttransplant therapy consisted of @entity8 and @entity2 for those with MPDs. Standard anticoagulation or no antithrombotic treatment was given to @entity10 @entity0 with other causes. @entity3 ( @entity5 and @entity4 ) and mortality were determined. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity0 underwent OLT for @entity10 at our institution. The mean follow-up was 68.4 months. Two of seventeen @entity0 died; one @entity0 died of recurrent @entity5 (124 months after OLT) and the other @entity0 died of @entity9 (7 months after OLT). Twelve @entity0 (71%) had evidence of a @entity11 . Two of the @entity11 @entity0 were treated with @entity6 before the initiation of @entity8 and @entity2 therapy. The remaining 10 @entity11 @entity0 were placed on only @entity8 and @entity2 after OLT. @entity12 was used in place of @entity8 in two @entity0 because of @entity7 caused by the latter agent. The mean follow-up of this group of 10 @entity0 was 59.9 months. Only one @entity0 experienced recurrent @entity5 , which occurred more than 10 years after the original transplant. There were no major @entity4 complications and posttransplant liver biopsies were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Antiplatelet therapy that consists of @entity8 and @entity2 is a safe and effective alternative to anticoagulation to prevent recurrent @entity5 in @entity11 @entity0 with @entity10 after liver transplantation. For @entity0 with a @entity1 state corrected by OLT, antithrombotic therapy probably is not required. For those @entity0 with conditions not corrected by OLT or with idiopathic @entity10 , anticoagulation or other therapy to control the @entity1 state should be given.

title: Hematologic aspects of liver transplantation for XXXX with special reference to @entity11 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: Very high survival rates have been observed in four through 11 years of follow-up in 4,240 @entity1 with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity0 in the Breast @entity3 Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP). The relative five, eight, and 10-year survival rates were 88, 83, and 79 percent, respectively. Allowances were made for lead-time bias among @entity3 detected through screening, and the validity of the findings was supported by internal analyses, which showed that length-time bias was of little, if any, importance, and that any possible "overdiagnosis" of @entity3 cases was also of small relevance. In view of current interest in the value of screening @entity1 before age 50, intensive analyses were made comparing the BCDDP data for @entity1 in their 40s with @entity1 in their 50s. In terms of kinds of @entity0 found, modality of finding them, and survival rates once they have been found, the parallel results for the two groups show that screening was virtually as effective in the younger as in the older @entity1 . Some authorities are of the opinion that the benefits of mammography after age 50 are well documented, but at younger ages the evidence is still inconclusive. The findings in this study show there is no doubt of the very successful results of screening for @entity0 with mammography in younger as well as older @entity1 . In comparing relative five-year and eight-year survival rates for @entity1 with invasive @entity0 detected through screening in the BCDDP, with those for cases diagnosed in the National @entity3 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (NCI SEER) program from 1977 to 1982, it is seen that for individual subcategories by @entity3 size and nodal class, the survival rates are about the same. However, for @entity2 , the five-year and eight-year survival rates were 87 and 81 percent, respectively, for the BCDDP compared with 74 and 65 percent for SEER. Thus the substantial gains in survival followed the large shift toward a high proportion of @entity3 being diagnosed and treated in more favorable stages through the screening accomplishments. With respect to the relative case fatality rates, the complements of the relative survival rates, the eight-year rate of 19 percent for the BCDDP versus that of 35 percent for SEER connotes 46 percent fewer @entity1 dying in the BCDDP group.

title: Survival experience in the Breast XXXX Detection Demonstration Project.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study was performed to determine the @entity6 and effectiveness of @entity12 used with @entity11 - @entity7 in the treatment of @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . Forty-five @entity1 were treated, 29 of whom were fully eligible. Twelve of the 45 who had @entity2 and/or @entity5 were also analyzed. All had measurable sites of disease. The median age was 63 years, and the median time from first recurrence to on-study was 19 months. Approximately half the @entity1 already had chemotherapy, and about 90% had hormone therapy for advanced disease. The most common side effects were @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity3 . No life-threatening or lethal @entity6 were reported. The overall response rate (complete or partial) among the fully eligible @entity1 was 34% (90% confidence intervals from 20% to 51%), with a 5-month median duration of response. @entity1 with soft tissue, visceral, and @entity4 responded. Seventy-two percent of fully eligible @entity1 have progressed or relapsed. The median time to failure of treatment was 6 months, and the median survival time was 15 months.

title: Combination hormone therapy for metastatic XXXX . An ECOG study of megestrol and @entity11 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study was performed to determine the @entity6 and effectiveness of @entity12 used with @entity11 - @entity7 in the treatment of @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . Forty-five @entity1 were treated, 29 of whom were fully eligible. Twelve of the 45 who had @entity2 and/or @entity5 were also analyzed. All had measurable sites of disease. The median age was 63 years, and the median time from first recurrence to on-study was 19 months. Approximately half the @entity1 already had chemotherapy, and about 90% had hormone therapy for advanced disease. The most common side effects were @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity3 . No life-threatening or lethal @entity6 were reported. The overall response rate (complete or partial) among the fully eligible @entity1 was 34% (90% confidence intervals from 20% to 51%), with a 5-month median duration of response. @entity1 with soft tissue, visceral, and @entity4 responded. Seventy-two percent of fully eligible @entity1 have progressed or relapsed. The median time to failure of treatment was 6 months, and the median survival time was 15 months.

title: Combination hormone therapy for metastatic @entity0 . An ECOG study of megestrol and XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: Earlier results on the photodynamic action of several carcinogenic @entity3 , and particularly @entity4 ( @entity1 ), have been extended to determine if @entity1 + near-u.v. light produces damage to DNA. @entity1 by itself (30 min, approximately 24 degrees C) introduces relatively few breaks into genomic DNA. The addition of near-u.v. light, however, inserts large numbers of single-strand breaks in a dose-dependent way. Incubation following exposure initially results in the rapid repair of these breaks. A primary role for DNA damage in photodynamic cell killing is not supported by other observations, however. First, @entity5 , an inhibitor of radiation-associated DNA repair processes, has only a minor effect on the @entity0 -dependent killing of cells exposed to @entity1 + u.v. light. Second, along with the repair of DNA breaks, the insertion of additional breaks becomes evident leading to a massive breakdown of genomic DNA due to an @entity2 . And third, lethally affected cells rapidly lose their surface attachment. Because light induces damage in DNA when @entity1 is present, it is likely that @entity1 becomes closely associated with DNA. Thus, a starting point for mutagenic and carcinogenic action in the absence of light is suggested although activation of @entity1 by a P-450 system does not appear to be a prerequisite of @entity1 -DNA association. Still, DNA as such may not be the initial or the primary target for light-induced cell killing. In addition to interacting with DNA, @entity1 is sequestered by membranes, suggesting that killing results from an @entity0 -dependent release of catabolic enzymes. These enzymes, which may come from lysosomes, degrade DNA but concomitantly release surface-attached cells into the medium.

title: XXXX plus near-u.v. light initiates DNA damage and repair in Chinese hamster cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: From April of 1969 through December of 1980, 197 @entity0 with Stage IB, invasive, epidermoid @entity2 received radical radiation therapy. The treatment consisted of external beam and intracavitary therapy designed to deliver 7000 to 8000 rad to Point A and 5000 to 5500 rad to the pelvic lymph nodes. The 2-, 5-, and 10-year, disease-free survival rates were 87%, 83%, and 81%, respectively. Thirty-six @entity0 developed recurrent and/or metastatic disease. The sites that failed to remain disease-free were: locoregional in five @entity0 (3%), locoregional with distant @entity1 in 15 @entity0 (8%), and distant @entity1 only in 14 @entity0 (7%). In addition, there were two @entity0 (1%) who are considered to have died of disease but the site or sites of recurrence could not be determined. Thirty-nine @entity0 developed complications. The complications were mild and self-limiting--Grade I--in 24 @entity0 (12%) and of moderate severity--Grade II--in eight @entity0 (4%). Seven @entity0 (4%) developed severe--Grade III--complications. A correlation was found between the dose to Point A, the bladder, and the rectum and the complications. The mean dose to Point A for @entity0 without and with complications were 7453 rad (SE +/- 91) and 7737 (SE +/- 124), respectively, with a P value of .05. The mean dose to the bladder for @entity0 without and with urinary complications was 5590 rad (SE +/- 103) and 6335 rad (SE +/- 411), respectively, with a P value of 0.14. The mean dose to the rectum for @entity0 without and with intestinal complications was 5837 rad (SE +/- 103) and 6810 rad (SE +/- 236), respectively, with a P value of 0.001. No correlation was found between the dose to Point A and locoregional recurrences.

title: Analysis of results of radiation therapy for stage IB XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 is a diverse group of @entity2 with variable @entity7 substrates. The response to programmed stimulation is dependent on spontaneous @entity7 presentation. In @entity0 with @entity4 , the majority of sustained monomorphic VT is caused by a scar-related reentrant mechanism, similar to that of @entity5 . The @entity7 is uniformly inducible and is often refractory to pharmacologic therapy. Sustained VT is associated with more extensive @entity1 and non-uniform anisotropy, involving both the endocardium and epicardium, compared to those without sustained reentry. The response to programmed stimulation is more variable in @entity0 presenting with nonsustained @entity7 , @entity9 or @entity8 . Inducibility of monomorphic VT is much lower compared to those with @entity6 . Other non-reentrant mechanism, such as focal automaticity, can also be observed in @entity0 with monomorphic VT, in the absence of @entity1 or evidence of slow conduction. The utility of electrophysiology studies to determine prognosis and to guide therapy remains limited in this @entity0 population. The clinical outcome does not correlate with @entity7 inducibility, and suppression of induced @entity7 does not predict a good prognosis. The diagnosis of @entity3 or @entity10 ' @entity1 should be considered in @entity0 with @entity4 of unknown etiology, particularly in those with marked regional wall motion abnormalities and inducible VT. Epicardial reentrant circuits may be more prevalent in these @entity1 , especially in those with VT related to chronic @entity10 . Although bundle branch reentry VT is a common finding in @entity0 with @entity4 , it can occur in @entity1 of any type and may coexist with other myocardial reentrant VT. It often has a @entity11 QRS pattern during VT and is associated with His-Purkinje conduction delay. Evidence of macroreentry involving the bundle branches can usually be demonstrated, and catheter ablation of the bundle branches provides an effective and specific treatment.

title: Electrophysiology studies in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 is a diverse group of @entity2 with variable @entity7 substrates. The response to programmed stimulation is dependent on spontaneous @entity7 presentation. In @entity0 with @entity4 , the majority of sustained monomorphic VT is caused by a scar-related reentrant mechanism, similar to that of @entity5 . The @entity7 is uniformly inducible and is often refractory to pharmacologic therapy. Sustained VT is associated with more extensive @entity1 and non-uniform anisotropy, involving both the endocardium and epicardium, compared to those without sustained reentry. The response to programmed stimulation is more variable in @entity0 presenting with nonsustained @entity7 , @entity9 or @entity8 . Inducibility of monomorphic VT is much lower compared to those with @entity6 . Other non-reentrant mechanism, such as focal automaticity, can also be observed in @entity0 with monomorphic VT, in the absence of @entity1 or evidence of slow conduction. The utility of electrophysiology studies to determine prognosis and to guide therapy remains limited in this @entity0 population. The clinical outcome does not correlate with @entity7 inducibility, and suppression of induced @entity7 does not predict a good prognosis. The diagnosis of @entity3 or @entity10 ' @entity1 should be considered in @entity0 with @entity4 of unknown etiology, particularly in those with marked regional wall motion abnormalities and inducible VT. Epicardial reentrant circuits may be more prevalent in these @entity1 , especially in those with VT related to chronic @entity10 . Although bundle branch reentry VT is a common finding in @entity0 with @entity4 , it can occur in @entity1 of any type and may coexist with other myocardial reentrant VT. It often has a @entity11 QRS pattern during VT and is associated with His-Purkinje conduction delay. Evidence of macroreentry involving the bundle branches can usually be demonstrated, and catheter ablation of the bundle branches provides an effective and specific treatment.

title: Electrophysiology studies in XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To present an @entity3 injury of the rectus muscle after @entity7 , usually the inferior rectus, and detail its diagnosis and operative repair. METHODS: Forty-three @entity0 underwent repair of @entity6 tears of 62 rectus muscles. During surgery, we found the @entity1 was often subtle, with narrowing or thinning of the remaining attached global layer of muscle. The detached @entity6 of external (orbital) muscle was found embedded in surrounding orbital fat and connective tissue. Retrieval and repair were performed in each case. RESULTS: The causes of @entity7 were as follows: @entity8 (15 @entity0 ), @entity2 with no @entity4 (11 @entity0 ), suspected @entity2 but did not undergo computerized tomographic scan (12 @entity0 ), and status after @entity5 repair (5 @entity0 ). Of note, 15 of the 43 @entity0 (35%) underwent repair of the @entity6 tear alone, without any additional orbital or strabismus surgery. Diagnostically, the predominant motility defect in 45 muscles was limitation toward the field of action of the muscle, presumably as a result of a tether created by the torn @entity6 ; these tethers simulated muscle palsy. Seventeen muscles were restricted away from their field of action, simulating entrapment. The direction taken by the @entity6 during healing determined the resultant strabismus pattern. All @entity0 with gaze limitation toward an @entity8 had @entity6 tears. The worst results after @entity6 tear repair were seen in @entity0 (1) who had undergone @entity8 repair before presentation, (2) who had undergone previous attempts at strabismus repair, and (3) who had the longest intervals between the precipitating event and the repair. The best results were obtained in @entity0 who underwent simultaneous @entity4 and strabismus repair or early strabismus repair alone. CONCLUSIONS: Avulsion-type @entity6 tears of the extraocular muscles are a common cause of posttraumatic strabismus. Early repair produces the best results, but improvement is possible despite long delay.

title: XXXX tear of rectus muscles: an underlying cause of strabismus after @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To present an @entity3 injury of the rectus muscle after @entity7 , usually the inferior rectus, and detail its diagnosis and operative repair. METHODS: Forty-three @entity0 underwent repair of @entity6 tears of 62 rectus muscles. During surgery, we found the @entity1 was often subtle, with narrowing or thinning of the remaining attached global layer of muscle. The detached @entity6 of external (orbital) muscle was found embedded in surrounding orbital fat and connective tissue. Retrieval and repair were performed in each case. RESULTS: The causes of @entity7 were as follows: @entity8 (15 @entity0 ), @entity2 with no @entity4 (11 @entity0 ), suspected @entity2 but did not undergo computerized tomographic scan (12 @entity0 ), and status after @entity5 repair (5 @entity0 ). Of note, 15 of the 43 @entity0 (35%) underwent repair of the @entity6 tear alone, without any additional orbital or strabismus surgery. Diagnostically, the predominant motility defect in 45 muscles was limitation toward the field of action of the muscle, presumably as a result of a tether created by the torn @entity6 ; these tethers simulated muscle palsy. Seventeen muscles were restricted away from their field of action, simulating entrapment. The direction taken by the @entity6 during healing determined the resultant strabismus pattern. All @entity0 with gaze limitation toward an @entity8 had @entity6 tears. The worst results after @entity6 tear repair were seen in @entity0 (1) who had undergone @entity8 repair before presentation, (2) who had undergone previous attempts at strabismus repair, and (3) who had the longest intervals between the precipitating event and the repair. The best results were obtained in @entity0 who underwent simultaneous @entity4 and strabismus repair or early strabismus repair alone. CONCLUSIONS: Avulsion-type @entity6 tears of the extraocular muscles are a common cause of posttraumatic strabismus. Early repair produces the best results, but improvement is possible despite long delay.

title: @entity6 tear of rectus muscles: an underlying cause of strabismus after XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The study was conducted with three @entity0 and seven @entity0 , 72-84 years old, characterized by psychopathological and clinical signs of @entity3 (A). All @entity0 suffered from @entity1 . With one exception every experiment ran for five days during which closed-eye-EEGs were registered at 8 a.m., 12 noon, 4 p.m., and 8 p.m. of the alert but relaxed @entity0 and recorded on tape for computer processing. Simultaneously with every EEG registration the body temperature was measured. The findings were compared statistically with corresponding data of a former study conducted with ten healthy aged volunteers (G). RESULTS: The dominant peak-frequency of the @entity0 turned out significantly slower than that of the volunteers.--While in healthy @entity0 the peak frequency increased corresponding with the body temperature from the morning to the late afternoon or the early evening respectively, the @entity0 lacked such a correlation, although their temperatures rose gradually in the normal way. In most of the @entity0 the peak-frequency had a remarkable small variety from day to day as well as from scalp-position, and its circadian shift was poor. Psychopathologically these subjects manifested primarily @entity2 , general intellectual decline, and in four cases disorientation. On the other hand the EEGs of three @entity0 showed substantial greater variety of the peak-frequency from day to day and from scalp-position to scalp-position. Besides the alterations during the day were rather excessive, but lacking any appreciable correspondence with the undisturbed circadian variations of the body temperature. In these three cases psychopathologically personality changes preponderated.

title: [Effect of the time of day on the EEG in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: We should ask about any therapy: (1) is it safe? and (2) is it effective? The best therapy is that which has the greatest chance to do good with the least chance to cause harm. Medical treatment is certainly safer than surgery, since (by my definition) surgery always involves a general anaesthetic, and morbidly @entity1 @entity0 are bad anaesthetic risks. @entity1 also increases other surgical risks, so all published series of surgically-treated @entity1 @entity0 report some mortality. Surgeons will claim that surgery is much more effective than medical treatment, which has negligible success in morbid @entity1 . However all surgical bypass or banding procedures cause @entity3 by restricting food intake, so if food intake can be equally restricted without surgery the results are just as good. In our experience @entity2 (which does not require a general anaesthetic) produces similar @entity3 to gastroplasty. However the most difficult problem in morbid @entity1 is the maintenance of reduced weight many years after treatment. We have too few good long-term follow-up data after either medical or surgical treatment, but about half our @entity0 treated with @entity2 and a waist cord maintain their @entity3 on 3 years follow-up, zero mortality from the procedure. The results of surgical and medical treatments depend on the skill and care with which they are applied, and the way in which @entity0 are selected. If @entity0 are given treatment B if they are considered unsuitable for treatment A then the results from treatment A will be better.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Morbid XXXX : medical or surgical treatment? The case for medical treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Microtubulin binding agents such as @entity7 have significant preclinical and clinical activity in the treatment of @entity3 . We have previously used median-effect analysis to define both synergistic and antagonistic drug combinations which may be of value in management of @entity0 disease. These studies extend our findings in @entity3 cell lines. A semi-automated microtiter culture system was used. @entity7 was combined with 18 other agents, incubated with DU 145, LnCaP or @entity14 @entity3 cell lines for 72 h and the cells then incubated with @entity1 to determine cytotoxic effect. Both doublet and triplet combinations were examined. Synergy and antagonism as measured by the combination index were determined for each combination. The non-mutually exclusive criterion was applied. @entity7 demonstrated cytotoxic additive effects or synergy with - @entity10 , @entity2 and @entity8 in all three cell lines. @entity7 combined with either @entity9 or @entity4 displayed cytotoxic synergistic effects in hormone-refractory DU 145 and @entity14 cell lines. In contrast, drugs which have been combined clinically to treat @entity3 , i.e. @entity5 , @entity12 or @entity11 , were antagonistic when combined with @entity7 . We conclude that combinations of @entity7 with either - @entity10 or @entity8 may offer an enhanced cytotoxic effect in the management of @entity3 and need to be evaluated for therapeutic effect. The combination of @entity7 with an @entity13 was also synergistic in the two hormone-refractory cell lines, DU 145 and @entity14 , thus suggesting a potential role in advanced disease after endocrine failure. Combinations of @entity7 with @entity6 or @entity11 may lead to subadditive effects in treatment.

title: Synergistic and antagonistic combinations of drugs in @entity0 XXXX cell lines in vitro.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Microtubulin binding agents such as @entity7 have significant preclinical and clinical activity in the treatment of @entity3 . We have previously used median-effect analysis to define both synergistic and antagonistic drug combinations which may be of value in management of @entity0 disease. These studies extend our findings in @entity3 cell lines. A semi-automated microtiter culture system was used. @entity7 was combined with 18 other agents, incubated with DU 145, LnCaP or @entity14 @entity3 cell lines for 72 h and the cells then incubated with @entity1 to determine cytotoxic effect. Both doublet and triplet combinations were examined. Synergy and antagonism as measured by the combination index were determined for each combination. The non-mutually exclusive criterion was applied. @entity7 demonstrated cytotoxic additive effects or synergy with - @entity10 , @entity2 and @entity8 in all three cell lines. @entity7 combined with either @entity9 or @entity4 displayed cytotoxic synergistic effects in hormone-refractory DU 145 and @entity14 cell lines. In contrast, drugs which have been combined clinically to treat @entity3 , i.e. @entity5 , @entity12 or @entity11 , were antagonistic when combined with @entity7 . We conclude that combinations of @entity7 with either - @entity10 or @entity8 may offer an enhanced cytotoxic effect in the management of @entity3 and need to be evaluated for therapeutic effect. The combination of @entity7 with an @entity13 was also synergistic in the two hormone-refractory cell lines, DU 145 and @entity14 , thus suggesting a potential role in advanced disease after endocrine failure. Combinations of @entity7 with @entity6 or @entity11 may lead to subadditive effects in treatment.

title: Synergistic and antagonistic combinations of drugs in XXXX @entity3 cell lines in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential and feasibility of ultrasound-guided cryotherapy in @entity0 . Fifteen female @entity1 with 16 @entity0 (mean @entity3 diameter 21+/-7.8 mm) were treated. A 3-mm cryo probe was placed in the @entity3 under ultrasound guidance. Two freeze/thaw cycles with durations of 7-10 min and 5 min, respectively, were performed. The size of the iceballs was measured sonographically in 1-min intervals. The @entity1 underwent surgery within 5 days and the specimens were evaluated histologically. The mean diameter of the iceball was 28+/-2.7 mm after the second freezing cycle. No severe side effects were observed. @entity3 with a diameter below 16 mm did not show any remaining @entity2 after treatment. Two of these had @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in the surrounding tissue. In 11 @entity1 cryotherapy of @entity3 reaching diameters of 23 mm or more resulted in incomplete @entity4 . This study shows that the invasive components of small @entity3 can be treated using cryotherapy. Remnant @entity5 components which may not be detected preinterventionally represent a challenging problem for complete ablation. In @entity3 larger than 15 mm two or more cryo probes should be used to achieve larger iceballs.

title: Cryotherapy of XXXX under ultrasound guidance: initial results and limitations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A group of 51 @entity0 with @entity1 refractory to standard oral antiarrhythmic agents were treated with oral @entity5 . Antiarrhythmic efficacy was defined as total abolition of occurrences of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) as assessed by hospital admissions for @entity1 and the occurrence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Of the 51 @entity0 , 32 (63%) initially tolerated @entity5 and were discharged from the hospital. Of the 19 @entity0 not initially responding to @entity5 , 6 (12%) had @entity1 recurrence and 13 (25%) developed intolerable central nervous system or gastrointestinal side effects. Of these 19 short-term nonresponders, 8 (42%) @entity0 suffered @entity2 over an average follow-up of 24 months (annual @entity2 rate of 21%). Two @entity0 suffered @entity2 during the first week of @entity5 therapy. Discounting the 2 @entity0 with @entity2 on @entity5 therapy, 6 of 17 (35%) @entity0 initially withdrawn from @entity5 suffered @entity2 (annual @entity2 rate of 18%). Twenty-four of the 32 short-term responders did not have @entity1 recurrence over a mean follow-up of 38 months resulting in an overall long-term efficacy of 47% (24/51). Over an average follow-up of 38 months for these 24 short-term responders, 12 @entity0 expired from nonarrhythmic causes, 3 @entity0 were withdrawn for non-drug-related causes, and 9 @entity0 remain on @entity5 therapy. Of the 8 long-term nonresponders, 3 @entity0 had @entity1 recurrence and died suddenly while 5 @entity0 developed intolerable side effects. The annual @entity2 rate in short-term responders was 3%. Eighteen of the 51 @entity0 (35%) were withdrawn from the study because of adverse effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy and tolerance of @entity5 during long-term treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A group of 51 @entity0 with @entity1 refractory to standard oral antiarrhythmic agents were treated with oral @entity5 . Antiarrhythmic efficacy was defined as total abolition of occurrences of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) as assessed by hospital admissions for @entity1 and the occurrence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Of the 51 @entity0 , 32 (63%) initially tolerated @entity5 and were discharged from the hospital. Of the 19 @entity0 not initially responding to @entity5 , 6 (12%) had @entity1 recurrence and 13 (25%) developed intolerable central nervous system or gastrointestinal side effects. Of these 19 short-term nonresponders, 8 (42%) @entity0 suffered @entity2 over an average follow-up of 24 months (annual @entity2 rate of 21%). Two @entity0 suffered @entity2 during the first week of @entity5 therapy. Discounting the 2 @entity0 with @entity2 on @entity5 therapy, 6 of 17 (35%) @entity0 initially withdrawn from @entity5 suffered @entity2 (annual @entity2 rate of 18%). Twenty-four of the 32 short-term responders did not have @entity1 recurrence over a mean follow-up of 38 months resulting in an overall long-term efficacy of 47% (24/51). Over an average follow-up of 38 months for these 24 short-term responders, 12 @entity0 expired from nonarrhythmic causes, 3 @entity0 were withdrawn for non-drug-related causes, and 9 @entity0 remain on @entity5 therapy. Of the 8 long-term nonresponders, 3 @entity0 had @entity1 recurrence and died suddenly while 5 @entity0 developed intolerable side effects. The annual @entity2 rate in short-term responders was 3%. Eighteen of the 51 @entity0 (35%) were withdrawn from the study because of adverse effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy and tolerance of XXXX during long-term treatment of @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The relationship between lip strength and lip pressure (pressure from the lips on the teeth) was studied in 84 @entity0 (aged 7 to 16 years) with varying types of @entity1 . The lip strength was recorded with a dynamometer. The lip pressure was measured on the upper and lower central incisors in the rest position, and during chewing and swallowing of crispbread. The lip pressure measurements were made with an extraoral pressure transducer incorporated in a water-filled system with an intraoral mouthpiece. The muscle activity of the lips was recorded electromyographically. Bite and facial morphologies were studied on dental casts and profile cephalograms. There was no correlation between lip strength and lip pressure. Lip strength was lower in @entity0 with Angle Class II, Division 1 @entity1 than in @entity0 with @entity2 . The lip pressure on the upper incisors, on the other hand, was higher in Class II, Division 1 than in @entity2 , and was lowest in @entity0 with Class II, Division 2 @entity1 . The findings suggest that the pressure from the lips on the teeth is a result of the incisor position.

title: Pressure from the lips on the teeth and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We conclude that, although many therapies have been advocated, no regimen has proved to be consistently effective in the treatment of @entity8 . Couples in which the husband is identified as having idiopathic @entity1 should be advised of the inconsistent and often low conception rates obtained with medical therapy. This should be weighed against the possibility of greater success with in vitro fertilization and the likelihood of success with artificial insemination by donor. Matson and colleagues performed in vitro fertilization on 75 couples in which the husband was oligospermic. When the husband was moderately (5.1 to 11.9 million motile sperm per milliliter) or severely (less than or equal to 5 million motile sperm per milliliter) oligospermic, fertilization rates were 56 and 30 per cent, respectively. This is in comparison to a fertilization rate of 72 per cent in normospermic couples. Following embryo transfer, pregnancy rates were similar in all groups. In vitro fertilization, although expensive and often not covered by insurance policies, may yield results in 1 month. Pharmacologic treatment of the male, which is less expensive, requires several months before improvement might be expected. The decision as to which course to recommend should be made after careful consultation with the couple. If empiric therapy is decided upon, the choice of an agent is somewhat arbitrary. Reasonable initial choices for the oligospermic @entity0 are @entity3 (or @entity7 ) or @entity9 ( @entity9 may also be used in the @entity0 with idiopathic asthenospermia). @entity2 rebound, with its risk of permanent @entity6 , is not an acceptable initial therapy. Similarly, the results of studies of @entity11 , @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity10 either demonstrate low pregnancy rates or are too preliminary to recommend at this time. Regardless of the choice of therapy, it should be administered for at least 3 months to include the length of one spermatogenic cycle. The performance of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over studies of present and future treatments will allow more definite conclusions to be drawn.

title: Medical treatment of idiopathic XXXX .

answer: @entity1