abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple different organs, including the @entity5 (CNS). Conventional radiological examinations in @entity6 @entity0 include volumetric/ anatomical computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US). The utility of these modalities is limited, however, due to the @entity3 . Furthermore, CT and MRI contrast agents are contraindicated in @entity0 with @entity1 . Various radiologic methods are currently being developed to improve disease characterization in @entity0 with @entity6 beyond simple anatomical endpoints. Physiological non-contrast MRI protocols have been developed to assess tissue oxygenation, glomerular filtration, renal perfusion, interstitial diffusion, and @entity2 -driven @entity4 in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity0 . For neurological symptoms, vessel size imaging (VSI, an MRI approach utilizing T2-relaxing @entity7 nanoparticles) has shown promise as a diagnostic tool. Molecular imaging probes (mostly for MRI and nuclear medicine imaging) have also been developed for diagnosing @entity6 with high sensitivity, and for monitoring disease activity. This paper reviews the challenges in evaluating disease activity in @entity0 with @entity8 and @entity9 ( @entity9 ). We describe novel MRI and positron-emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging protocols using targeted @entity7 nanoparticles and radioactive ligands, respectively, for detection of @entity6 -associated @entity2 .

title: Non-invasive imaging to monitor XXXX and @entity9 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Forty-two @entity0 with measurable advanced @entity1 were treated with sequential @entity4 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ), followed by @entity6 rescue. Twenty-one @entity0 had received prior chemotherapy, mainly @entity3 (group 1) and remaining 21 @entity0 had not been previously treated by cytotoxic agents (group 2). Two different treatment schedules were used. Regimen I (27 @entity0 ): @entity5 250 mg/m2 was infused over 1 hour. Two hours from start @entity3 600 mg/m2 was given as intravenous bolus. @entity6 rescue started 24 hours after @entity5 infusion. Regimen II (15 @entity0 ): @entity5 250 mg/m2 was given as 1-hour infusion. Three hours after the start of @entity5 a 46-hour @entity3 infusion (2000 mg/m2) was started. @entity6 rescue as in regimen I. The chemotherapy courses were repeated every second week. After 3 cycles only one @entity0 had partial response, 33 had no change and 8 progressive disease. The median time until progression was 2 1/2 months in group 1 and 4 months in group 2. The median survival was 7 months in group 1 and 10 1/2 months in group 2. Almost identical results were obtained by the two treatment schedules. The @entity2 of both regimens was low.

title: Sequential @entity3 and XXXX . Negative experience in metastatic @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Forty-two @entity0 with measurable advanced @entity1 were treated with sequential @entity4 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ), followed by @entity6 rescue. Twenty-one @entity0 had received prior chemotherapy, mainly @entity3 (group 1) and remaining 21 @entity0 had not been previously treated by cytotoxic agents (group 2). Two different treatment schedules were used. Regimen I (27 @entity0 ): @entity5 250 mg/m2 was infused over 1 hour. Two hours from start @entity3 600 mg/m2 was given as intravenous bolus. @entity6 rescue started 24 hours after @entity5 infusion. Regimen II (15 @entity0 ): @entity5 250 mg/m2 was given as 1-hour infusion. Three hours after the start of @entity5 a 46-hour @entity3 infusion (2000 mg/m2) was started. @entity6 rescue as in regimen I. The chemotherapy courses were repeated every second week. After 3 cycles only one @entity0 had partial response, 33 had no change and 8 progressive disease. The median time until progression was 2 1/2 months in group 1 and 4 months in group 2. The median survival was 7 months in group 1 and 10 1/2 months in group 2. Almost identical results were obtained by the two treatment schedules. The @entity2 of both regimens was low.

title: Sequential @entity3 and @entity4 . Negative experience in metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Forty-two @entity0 with measurable advanced @entity1 were treated with sequential @entity4 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ), followed by @entity6 rescue. Twenty-one @entity0 had received prior chemotherapy, mainly @entity3 (group 1) and remaining 21 @entity0 had not been previously treated by cytotoxic agents (group 2). Two different treatment schedules were used. Regimen I (27 @entity0 ): @entity5 250 mg/m2 was infused over 1 hour. Two hours from start @entity3 600 mg/m2 was given as intravenous bolus. @entity6 rescue started 24 hours after @entity5 infusion. Regimen II (15 @entity0 ): @entity5 250 mg/m2 was given as 1-hour infusion. Three hours after the start of @entity5 a 46-hour @entity3 infusion (2000 mg/m2) was started. @entity6 rescue as in regimen I. The chemotherapy courses were repeated every second week. After 3 cycles only one @entity0 had partial response, 33 had no change and 8 progressive disease. The median time until progression was 2 1/2 months in group 1 and 4 months in group 2. The median survival was 7 months in group 1 and 10 1/2 months in group 2. Almost identical results were obtained by the two treatment schedules. The @entity2 of both regimens was low.

title: Sequential XXXX and @entity4 . Negative experience in metastatic @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beach volleyball is an intensive sport with high impact on the lumbar spine. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is frequent among elite players. Increased prevalence of pathological changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the lumbar spine of elite athletes has been reported. HYPOTHESIS: There is an increased prevalence of @entity3 and spondylolysis in the MRI of the lumbar spine of professional beach volleyball players. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Twenty-nine fully competitive professional male volleyball players (mean age, 28 years) completed outcomes questionnaires and underwent a complete clinical examination and an MRI of their lumbar spine. RESULTS: Whereas 86% of players suffered from @entity2 during their career, the incidence of @entity2 in the last 4 weeks was 35%. @entity0 rated using a visual analog scale (VAS) averaged 3 points (range, 0-8). Twenty-three of 29 players (79%) had at least 1 degenerated disc of Pfirrmann grade >= 3. The most affected spinal levels were L4-5 in 14 (48%) and L5-S1 in 15 players (52%); both levels were involved in 5 players (17%). Six of 29 (21%) players showed a spondylolysis grade 4 according to the Hollenburg classification; there was evidence of spondylolisthesis in 2 players. There was no significant correlation between @entity2 and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In the lumbar spine MRI of professional beach volleyball players, the prevalence of @entity3 is 79%. Spondylolysis (21%) is up to 3 times higher compared with the normal population. Abnormal MRI findings did not correlate with @entity2 , thus MRIs have to be interpreted with caution.

title: High Prevalence of XXXX and Spondylolysis in the Lumbar Spine of Professional Beach Volleyball Players.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Myocardial salvage assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) holds promise as a surrogate endpoint in studies comparing different treatment strategies for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of salvaged myocardium measurements by CMRI. Twenty @entity0 underwent CMRI on 2 consecutive days early after reperfused @entity2 to assess the area at risk (AAR) on T2-weighted and final @entity3 ( @entity3 ) on delayed enhancement images. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was calculated (AAR minus @entity3 ). Agreement between @entity4 for the AAR, @entity3 and @entity1 were analyzed using Bland-Altman analyses. Inter- and intraobserver reliability were assessed. Paired t testing revealed a trend for a significant difference for @entity1 between @entity4 ( @entity4 : 43.8      22.5; scan 2: 45.5      22.0; P  =  0.052). The average difference for AAR and @entity3 between @entity4 and scan 2 was -0.5 (upper limit of agreement 5.4% of left ventricular [LV] volume; lower limit of agreement -6.4%LV) and 0.1%LV (upper limit of agreement 2.3%LV; lower limit of agreement -2.1%LV). The corresponding calculated @entity1 measurements showed a mean bias of -1.7 (upper limit of agreement 5.5; lower limit of agreement -8.9). Coefficients of repeatability for interobserver variability were 3.6%LV for AAR, 2.4%LV for @entity3 and 5.4 for @entity1 . Likewise, for intraobserver variability, coefficients of repeatability were 5.0%LV (AAR), 2.4%LV ( @entity3 ) and 4.8 ( @entity1 ). Assessment of myocardial salvage by CMRI shows acceptable reliability. Further validation studies and trials showing the prognostic value of myocardial salvage by CMRI are needed before routine implementation as a surrogate endpoint in @entity2 trials.

title: Reliability of myocardial salvage assessment by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in acute reperfused XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Antiangiogenic treatment has recently become an integral part of modern @entity1 therapy targeting the vasculature of numerous aggressive @entity1 including @entity3 . There is preclinical evidence that antiangiogenic therapies promote @entity2 cell invasiveness. In clinical series, upon progression on antiangiogenic therapy with the vascular endothelial growth factor-directed antibody bevacizumab ( @entity5 ), @entity3 has been reported to display a more infiltrative pattern of recurrence. This distant spread at recurrence or progression and a @entity4 pattern is best detectable on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI. The frequency of up to 20% to 30% of such a pattern in @entity5 -treated @entity0 is higher than expected to occur without @entity5 . Older reports and common clinical knowledge estimate the frequency of diffuse or distant spread in recurrent @entity3 at 10%. This observation stimulated two streams of research. One is to overcome this often insidious adverse effect of antiangiogenic treatment, to optimize antiangiogenic therapies and to face this major challenge, integrating antiangiogenic with anti-invasive mechanisms into one combined treatment concept. The second is questioning a specific property of antiangiogenic therapy to induce diffuse or distant spread. Here, alternative hypotheses of increased awareness and better imaging as well as invasiveness being part of the natural course of the disease have been tested. Without doubt, migration and invasiveness are major obstacles to successful @entity2 therapy, notably local therapies, both in the natural course of the disease and in the concept of "evasive resistance." However, clinical analyses of case series, matched pairs analyses, and follow-up on the BRAIN trial (A Study to Evaluate Bevacizumab Alone or in Combination with Irinotecan for Treatment of @entity3 ), which led to accelerated approval of @entity5 for recurrent @entity3 in the United States, have not supported a specific propensity of @entity5 to induce diffuse growth or distant spread at recurrence.

title: Patterns of progression in XXXX following anti-VEGF therapy: perceptions and evidence.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Activity-dependent modification of neural network output usually results from changes in neurotransmitter release and/or membrane conductance. In @entity0 frog tadpoles, spinal locomotor network output is adapted by an ultraslow afterhyperpolarization (usAHP) mediated by an increase in @entity3 pump current. Here we systematically explore how the interval between two swimming episodes affects the second episode, which is shorter and slower than the first episode. We find the firing reliability of spinal rhythmic neurons to be lower in the second episode, except for excitatory descending interneurons (dINs). The @entity1 /proton antiporter, @entity4 , which potentiates @entity3 pump function, induced similar effects to short inter-swim intervals. A usAHP induced by supra-threshold pulses reduced neuronal firing reliability during swimming. It also increased the threshold current for spiking and introduced a delay to the first spike in a train, without reducing subsequent firing frequency. This delay was abolished by @entity5 or zero @entity2 saline, which eliminate the usAHP. We present evidence for an A-type @entity2 current in spinal CPG neurons which is inactivated by depolarization and de-inactivated by hyperpolarization, and accounts for the prolonged delay. We conclude that the usAHP attenuates neuronal responses to excitatory network inputs by both membrane hyperpolarization and enhanced de-inactivation of an A-current.

title: Mechanisms underlying the activity-dependent regulation of locomotor network performance by the XXXX pump.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The Central Chest Clinic, Bangkok, Thailand, undertook a study among @entity0 contacts of newly discovered sputum-smear-positive @entity0 with @entity3 to determine the effectiveness of BCG vaccination in young @entity0 . The study design resembled that of a controlled trial except that it was retrospective for vaccination, i.e., the vaccinated and control groups were not randomly selected. For this reason a number of measures were taken to allow for the comparability of groups to be verified and for adjustments to be made if necessary. The study was initiated in September 1981 and terminated in June 1984, after 971 index cases who reported contact with young @entity0 had been registered. Registration and initial examinations were completed for 1506 @entity0 contacts. The field teams could not trace 124 reported @entity0 contacts. In the case of 8 @entity0 , the initial examination was refused. Within a week of the detection of the index case, a visit was made to the household and personal data were collected. The contact @entity0 then were offered a clinical and X-ray examination at the Central Chest Clinic for the examinations. A clinical record was prepared for each @entity0 contact, the site of BCG vaccination was covered with a dressing (even if there had been no vaccination or scar), and the pediatrician administered a clinical examination and made a full-plate postero-anterior X-ray. The X-ray picture was examined by 2 readers. Suspect @entity0 were followed up for as long as there were medical indications. When indicated by the clinical or X-ray examination, a laryngeal swab was taken for culture and gland biopsies were made and examined by histopathology and culture. If @entity1 was strongly suspected, treatment was initiated at once with @entity2 and isoniazid. For each @entity0 a final diagnosis was made at the end of the study. A scoring system proposed by WHO was used to obtain an indication of the probability of @entity1 . As many as 1218 (81%) of the @entity0 had a BCG scar, and among those without a scar, 35 had a record of vaccination. Vaccination coverage as well as disease risk appeared to be associated with age. Stratification by age showed that this did not affect the calculated effectiveness of BCG vaccination. Apart from age, no differences between the vaccinated and the unvaccinated @entity0 were observed that call for stratification of the material. 284 @entity1 suspects were found, 218 among the 1253 vaccinated and 66 among the 253 unvaccinated @entity0 . The total incidence of @entity1 was 14.5%; it was 12.6% among the vaccinated and 23.6% among the unvaccinated. Based on the data presented in Tables 1 and 8, and adjusting for the estimated 55 vaccinated @entity0 included among those without a scar or a vaccination record, the observed efficacy is 53% with 95% confidence limits of 64% and 38%; the observed number of cases among the vaccinated is 185 less than expected. Thus, although efficacy appears less, the effectiveness is far higher than with a more stringent diagnostic criteria.

title: The effectiveness of BCG vaccination of the newborn against childhood XXXX in Bangkok.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 is a rare autoimmune disease of the pituitary presenting mainly with features of a @entity1 and loss of pituitary function. Its course is quite unpredictable and its treatment is still controversial as experience in the field remains scarce. We describe a 45 year-old @entity0 with a history of recurrent @entity2 who was referred 3 years later to our department for @entity8 . Hormonal studies revealed an anterior @entity7 and @entity6 . Pituitary @entity5 as evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging showed complete regression upon @entity4 substitution therapy. Two years later, @entity2 recurred as well as pituitary @entity5 . Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed an @entity10 . Pituitary biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of LH. The @entity0 was started on @entity3 70 mg per day. She improved clinically and radiologically and remained free of symptoms thereafter. At a recent follow up the MRI showed an @entity9 . Hereby we illustrate a yet unreported pattern of LH presenting as a recurrent @entity10 . We also describe one of the long-term course of the disease which is still unpredictable.

title: A relapsing remitting XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) shows more severe functional and structural changes in type 1 than in type 2 @entity0 and experimental @entity1 . We have previously suggested that these differences may be due to insulin and/or C-peptide deficiencies in type 1 @entity1 . To further explore these differences between type I and type 2 @entity9 , we examined factors underlying nerve fiber regeneration in the @entity6 BB/Z- @entity2 and compared these with previous data obtained from the iso- @entity5 , insulin and C-peptide-deficient type 1 @entity1 BB/Wor- @entity2 . The expression of neurotrophic factors and cytoskeletal proteins were studied in L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at various time points after sciatic nerve crush. The data were compared to those of nondiabetes-prone BB- @entity2 . @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity8 levels were lower in DRG from type 1 than from those of type 2 and control BB- @entity2 . On the other hand, @entity11 expression was increased at baseline in type 1 BB/Wor- @entity2 and decreased after @entity4 , whereas its expression increased after @entity4 in both control and type 2 BB/ @entity2 . Following @entity4 , betaII- and betaIII-tubulins were upregulated in type 2 BB/Z and control @entity2 , which did not occur in type 1 BB/Wor- @entity2 . Furthermore, type 2 BB/ @entity2 showed the normal downregulation of low and medium molecular neurofilament ( @entity12 and @entity13 , respectively), which did not occur in type 1 BB/Wor- @entity2 . These findings were associated with significantly milder @entity3 and caliber growth of regenerating fibers in type 2 compared to type 1 @entity1 @entity2 . These data suggest that @entity1 may be of greater significance in the regulation of neurotrophic and neurocytoskeletal protein synthesis than @entity10 in explaining the differences in nerve fiber regeneration between type 2 and type 1 @entity1 .

title: Insulin deficiency rather than XXXX accounts for impaired neurotrophic responses and nerve fiber regeneration in type 1 @entity9 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) shows more severe functional and structural changes in type 1 than in type 2 @entity0 and experimental @entity1 . We have previously suggested that these differences may be due to insulin and/or C-peptide deficiencies in type 1 @entity1 . To further explore these differences between type I and type 2 @entity9 , we examined factors underlying nerve fiber regeneration in the @entity6 BB/Z- @entity2 and compared these with previous data obtained from the iso- @entity5 , insulin and C-peptide-deficient type 1 @entity1 BB/Wor- @entity2 . The expression of neurotrophic factors and cytoskeletal proteins were studied in L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at various time points after sciatic nerve crush. The data were compared to those of nondiabetes-prone BB- @entity2 . @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity8 levels were lower in DRG from type 1 than from those of type 2 and control BB- @entity2 . On the other hand, @entity11 expression was increased at baseline in type 1 BB/Wor- @entity2 and decreased after @entity4 , whereas its expression increased after @entity4 in both control and type 2 BB/ @entity2 . Following @entity4 , betaII- and betaIII-tubulins were upregulated in type 2 BB/Z and control @entity2 , which did not occur in type 1 BB/Wor- @entity2 . Furthermore, type 2 BB/ @entity2 showed the normal downregulation of low and medium molecular neurofilament ( @entity12 and @entity13 , respectively), which did not occur in type 1 BB/Wor- @entity2 . These findings were associated with significantly milder @entity3 and caliber growth of regenerating fibers in type 2 compared to type 1 @entity1 @entity2 . These data suggest that @entity1 may be of greater significance in the regulation of neurotrophic and neurocytoskeletal protein synthesis than @entity10 in explaining the differences in nerve fiber regeneration between type 2 and type 1 @entity1 .

title: Insulin deficiency rather than @entity10 accounts for impaired neurotrophic responses and nerve fiber regeneration in type 1 XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this randomized double-blind investigation was to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of a commercially available 3% @entity1 tooth-whitening material (ADS Tooth Whitening Gel, Applied Dental Sciences, Inc., Lee, MA). The material was used over 2 weeks in a dentist-supervised, @entity0 -applied application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The evaluation was carried out in accordance with American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Scientific Affairs Acceptance Program Guidelines for Home-Use Tooth Whitening Products (May 1998). Sixty-five @entity0 were randomized into two groups (active and placebo) for a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. A custom application tray, scalloped without reservoirs, was fabricated for each @entity0 . Tooth shades were documented by matching with the Vita shade guide ordered according to value and assigned a numeric ranking from 1 to 16, darkest to lightest. @entity0 were supplied with the treatment solutions to use in the application tray. Duration of active treatment was 30 minutes 3 times a day for 2 weeks. @entity0 were evaluated at baseline, 1 week and 2 weeks treatment, and 12 and 26 weeks post-treatment. The statistical analysis used at each time point to determine the difference between the active and placebo groups based on the change in value was the two-sample t-test. Plaque and soft tissue indices were also recorded. RESULTS: The teeth treated with 3% @entity1 were significantly lighter at 2, 12, and 26 weeks (p < or = .0140, .0004, and .0001, respectively) compared with the placebo group. The mean shade change was 4.2 Vita shade tabs at 2 weeks. At 26 weeks (6 months), the degree of whitening was 4.1 tabs.

title: Clinical evaluation of a 3% XXXX tooth-whitening gel.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Inherited @entity2 with acute severe manifestations can be divided into five categories: (1) disorders of the intoxication type, (2) disorders with @entity1 , (3) disorders with disturbed energy metabolism, (4) disorders of neurotransmission and (5) disorders in which no specific emergency treatment is available. Diagnostic emergency laboratory evaluation should cover all differential diagnoses that are therapeutically relevant and should always include @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity5 and acid-base status as well as testing the urine for @entity9 . These are indispensable for planning and conducting the first steps of metabolic emergency treatment and should be available within 30 min. According to the clinical situation and biochemical derangement, special metabolic investigations must be initiated in parallel. These include @entity8 profiling with tandem mass spectrometry (in plasma or dried blood spots) and analysis of @entity6 in plasma and of organic acids in urine. The results of all laboratory investigations relevant to the diagnosis of @entity2 for which specific emergency therapy exists should be available within 24 h. There is general agreement with regard to some therapeutic strategies that are clearly explained by pathophysiology: in disorders with endogenous intoxication, anabolism must be promoted and specific detoxification measures initiated. In disorders with @entity1 , administration of @entity3 at the rate of hepatic @entity3 production forms the basis of treatment. Correction of @entity4 is a major @entity0 with disturbed mitochondrial energy metabolism, while @entity3 supply may have to be limited. Many current therapeutic strategies are based on case reports and personal experiences at different metabolic centres. The aim of devising the 'best' management is often hampered by the lack of objective evidence of efficacy.

title: Emergency management of inherited XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 / @entity2 (H/I) of the premature @entity0 is a major cause of @entity4 and @entity5 . An important determinant of the ultimate outcome from this insult is the extent to which the stem cells and progenitors in the brain are affected. Irreversible injury to these cells will impair normal development of the @entity0 's brain and, hence, its function. In the present study, we examine early intervals after H/I to identify which cells in the periventricular region are most vulnerable. At 0 h of recovery from a perinatal H/I insult, the choroid plexus shows extensive @entity1 . The adjacent ependymal and subependymal cells are also affected. Swelling of the ependymal and medial subependymal cells is observed; however, these cells rarely sustain permanent damage. By contrast, cells in the most lateral aspect of the subventricular zone (SVZ) show more delayed, but extensive apoptotic and hybrid cell deaths. Interestingly, activated macrophages/microglia are observed adjacent to the swollen ependymal cells as well as within the affected subependyma. We conclude that the choroid plexus is an especially vulnerable structure in the immature brain, whereas the ependymal and adjacent subependymal cells are relatively resistant to damage. As the medial aspect of the SVZ contains neural stem cells, we predict that neural stem cells will be especially resistant to perinatal H/I @entity3 .

title: Damage to the choroid plexus, ependyma and subependyma as a consequence of perinatal hypoxia/ XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tilapia islet xenograft rejection is characterized by infiltration with macrophages (Mphis), eosinophils (Ephis), and T lymphocytes. The presence of these cells indicates they contribute to rejection; therefore, an attempt was made to assess their role through host immunomodulation. METHODS: Tilapia islet cells were transplanted under the kidney capsule of @entity6 diabetic Balb/c @entity0 , which were then treated with one of several immunomodulatory regimes targeting Mphis, Ephis, or T cells. Mphis were depleted using either @entity5 or liposome-entrapped @entity8 . Ephi migration was blocked using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting interleukin (IL)-4 or @entity1 . T-cell function was altered with mAbs targeting @entity7 , @entity4 , or CD8. Finally, T helper (Th)1 and @entity2 activity was altered by depleting essential @entity3 or @entity2 cytokines with mAbs or by promoting a @entity3 response with the injection of exogenous IL-12. The effects of antibody-mediated immunomodulation on graft survival were initially screened by cotransplanting alginate-encapsulated, mAb-secreting hybridoma cells into the peritoneal cavity at the time of islet transplantation. Significant prolongation was then confirmed using purified antibodies injected at the time of islet transplantation. Rejected grafts were examined histologically, and immunohistochemistry was used to assess the cellular infiltrates for each of the treatment groups. RESULTS: Modulation of Mphis and Ephis alone did not significantly delay functional rejection of tilapia islet grafts (maximal mean graft survival time [mGST]=7.1+/-1.7 and 9.4+/-3.4, respectively) compared with untreated controls (mGST=8.2+/-1.0). Treatment of transplanted animals with antibodies against @entity7 or @entity4 significantly promoted graft survival (maximal mGST=16.3+/-5.8 and 34.0+/-11.6, respectively), whereas targeting CD8 and @entity3 and @entity2 cytokines showed no prolonging effect (maximal mGST=7.8+/-2.9 and 9.5+/-4.3, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that rejection in the tilapia-to- @entity0 model follows a pattern similar to other models of discordant islet cell xenotransplantation.

title: Islet transplantation in the discordant tilapia-to- XXXX model: a novel application of alginate microencapsulation in the study of xenograft rejection.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pancreatic islets are avascular immediately after transplantation and depend on revascularization. Recently, the authors found decreased vascular density in @entity1 islets 1 month after implantation into nondiabetic recipients. This study investigated possible differences in revascularization between islets implanted into nondiabetic and @entity0 recipients, and also evaluated changes in vascular density up to 6 months posttransplantation. METHODS: Islets were syngenically transplanted beneath the renal capsule of normoglycemic or @entity2 - @entity0 C57BL/6 @entity1 . One to 6 months later, the animals were killed and the grafts removed. Histologic slides were prepared and stained with Bandeiraea simplicifolia. RESULTS: The vascular density in all transplanted islets was decreased compared with native islets. There were no differences in the islet graft vascular density between nondiabetic and @entity0 animals. No improvement over time occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The vascular density is decreased in islets implanted to cure @entity0 recipients. No improvement occurs in transplanted islets after 1 month posttransplantation.

title: Impaired revascularization of transplanted XXXX pancreatic islets is chronic and glucose-independent.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Addition of @entity0 to primary cultures of female pituitary cells incubated in serum-free medium lacking added @entity0 yielded no effects on levels of @entity1 or @entity3 mRNA, assayed by cytoplasmic dot hybridization. However, incubation of the cells in serum-free medium containing sufficient @entity2 bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid to reduce medium @entity0 levels below the 10-40 microM present as a trace contaminant yielded a decrease in the levels of both mRNAs. The decrease was dose-dependent at extracellular @entity0 concentrations below 1.0 microM, had an apparent half-maximum at about 0.3 microM, and did not appear to plateau with increasing incubation times. Following 2-3-day incubations of cells in low @entity0 , a reduction of @entity1 mRNA (23-70-fold) consistently greater than the reduction of @entity3 mRNA (9-15-fold) was observed. Similar effects of reduced extracellular @entity0 were obtained with primary cultures of male pituitary cells. The specificity of these effects of lowered extracellular @entity0 was demonstrated by the following observations. The decreases in these mRNAs were substantially reversible by readdition of @entity0 to the incubation medium. Reduction of extracellular @entity0 led to no detectable changes in cellular ribosomal RNA levels or over-all RNA synthesis. In male pituitary cells, the level of another metal-regulated mRNA, that for metallothionein, was not decreased by a reduction of extracellular @entity0 that caused a 40-fold decrease in levels of @entity1 and @entity3 mRNA. Hence, @entity0 exhibits specificity in its regulation of pituitary @entity1 and @entity3 gene expression.

title: Regulation by calcium of @entity1 and XXXX mRNA sequences in primary cultures of rat pituitary cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Addition of @entity0 to primary cultures of female pituitary cells incubated in serum-free medium lacking added @entity0 yielded no effects on levels of @entity1 or @entity3 mRNA, assayed by cytoplasmic dot hybridization. However, incubation of the cells in serum-free medium containing sufficient @entity2 bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid to reduce medium @entity0 levels below the 10-40 microM present as a trace contaminant yielded a decrease in the levels of both mRNAs. The decrease was dose-dependent at extracellular @entity0 concentrations below 1.0 microM, had an apparent half-maximum at about 0.3 microM, and did not appear to plateau with increasing incubation times. Following 2-3-day incubations of cells in low @entity0 , a reduction of @entity1 mRNA (23-70-fold) consistently greater than the reduction of @entity3 mRNA (9-15-fold) was observed. Similar effects of reduced extracellular @entity0 were obtained with primary cultures of male pituitary cells. The specificity of these effects of lowered extracellular @entity0 was demonstrated by the following observations. The decreases in these mRNAs were substantially reversible by readdition of @entity0 to the incubation medium. Reduction of extracellular @entity0 led to no detectable changes in cellular ribosomal RNA levels or over-all RNA synthesis. In male pituitary cells, the level of another metal-regulated mRNA, that for metallothionein, was not decreased by a reduction of extracellular @entity0 that caused a 40-fold decrease in levels of @entity1 and @entity3 mRNA. Hence, @entity0 exhibits specificity in its regulation of pituitary @entity1 and @entity3 gene expression.

title: Regulation by calcium of XXXX and @entity3 mRNA sequences in primary cultures of rat pituitary cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 @entity0 evidenced very often a low self-esteem. Self-esteem in @entity6 @entity0 is excessively based on body dissatisfaction. In @entity6 there seems to be a link between body image dissatisfaction and social @entity2 . We hypothesised: self-esteem would be as low in @entity6 @entity0 as in @entity5 @entity0 ; self-esteem would be lower in @entity6 @entity0 with @entity5 than in @entity0 with @entity5 alone; self-esteem would be lower in @entity6 @entity0 with @entity1 @entity0 with @entity3 cognitions; self-esteem could have different characteristics in the two disorders; self-esteem would be as low in @entity4 as in bulimia; 103 @entity6 @entity0 (33 restrictive anorectics, 34 anorectics-bulimics, 36 bulimics) and 26 @entity5 @entity0 diagnosed according to DSM IV and ICD-10 criteria have been investigated by the Self-Esteem Inventory of Coopersmith, the Assertiveness Schedule of Rathus, the Fear Survey Schedule of Wolpe (FSS III) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). @entity0 were free of medication and presented no episode of @entity3 according to DSM IV criteria. Evaluations took place before any psychotherapy. Self-esteem in @entity6 @entity0 is reduced at the same level as in @entity5 @entity0 ; 86.1% of the total sample and 84.5% of the @entity6 @entity0 have a very low self-esteem (score 33 in the SEI). @entity6 @entity0 have significantly higher scores in the Social (p=0.016) and Professional (p=0.0225) sub-scales of the SEI than @entity5 @entity0 . @entity6 @entity0 show higher scores on the Assertiveness Schedule of Rathus (p=0.0013) than @entity5 @entity0 . @entity6 @entity0 disclose higher scores on the BDI (p=0.0003) but @entity6 @entity0 with @entity3 cognitions do not differ from @entity5 @entity0 with @entity3 cognitions in the level of self-esteem. The FSS III scores are significantly lower in @entity6 @entity0 (p<0.0001). There is a difference in the nature of the deficit of self-esteem between the two @entity0 populations. Self-esteem is not influenced by the Body Mass Index (BMI) and is identically reduced in all groups of @entity6 @entity0 . Whereas @entity6 @entity0 have the same complaints compared to @entity5 , they differ significantly from @entity5 @entity0 in their characteristics of @entity5 and self-esteem.

title: [Self-esteem: a comparison study between XXXX and @entity5 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 @entity0 evidenced very often a low self-esteem. Self-esteem in @entity6 @entity0 is excessively based on body dissatisfaction. In @entity6 there seems to be a link between body image dissatisfaction and social @entity2 . We hypothesised: self-esteem would be as low in @entity6 @entity0 as in @entity5 @entity0 ; self-esteem would be lower in @entity6 @entity0 with @entity5 than in @entity0 with @entity5 alone; self-esteem would be lower in @entity6 @entity0 with @entity1 @entity0 with @entity3 cognitions; self-esteem could have different characteristics in the two disorders; self-esteem would be as low in @entity4 as in bulimia; 103 @entity6 @entity0 (33 restrictive anorectics, 34 anorectics-bulimics, 36 bulimics) and 26 @entity5 @entity0 diagnosed according to DSM IV and ICD-10 criteria have been investigated by the Self-Esteem Inventory of Coopersmith, the Assertiveness Schedule of Rathus, the Fear Survey Schedule of Wolpe (FSS III) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). @entity0 were free of medication and presented no episode of @entity3 according to DSM IV criteria. Evaluations took place before any psychotherapy. Self-esteem in @entity6 @entity0 is reduced at the same level as in @entity5 @entity0 ; 86.1% of the total sample and 84.5% of the @entity6 @entity0 have a very low self-esteem (score 33 in the SEI). @entity6 @entity0 have significantly higher scores in the Social (p=0.016) and Professional (p=0.0225) sub-scales of the SEI than @entity5 @entity0 . @entity6 @entity0 show higher scores on the Assertiveness Schedule of Rathus (p=0.0013) than @entity5 @entity0 . @entity6 @entity0 disclose higher scores on the BDI (p=0.0003) but @entity6 @entity0 with @entity3 cognitions do not differ from @entity5 @entity0 with @entity3 cognitions in the level of self-esteem. The FSS III scores are significantly lower in @entity6 @entity0 (p<0.0001). There is a difference in the nature of the deficit of self-esteem between the two @entity0 populations. Self-esteem is not influenced by the Body Mass Index (BMI) and is identically reduced in all groups of @entity6 @entity0 . Whereas @entity6 @entity0 have the same complaints compared to @entity5 , they differ significantly from @entity5 @entity0 in their characteristics of @entity5 and self-esteem.

title: [Self-esteem: a comparison study between @entity6 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity7 is localized hyperpigmentation over the forehead, upper lips, cheeks, and chin. In this study, evidence suggesting an association between @entity6 and @entity7 and the relationship of @entity3 to the origin of @entity7 is presented. A total of 108 nonpregnant @entity0 , aged 20-56 yr, were divided into 2 groups for the purpose of this study: 1) @entity7 , 84 @entity0 ; 2) control group, 24 @entity0 from the Dermatology Clinic matched for age and sex. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were sought in all subjects. TRH-TSH tests were performed in @entity0 with @entity7 and in those @entity0 with @entity9 and/or positive @entity3 tests from the control group. Studies were completed with serum T4, T3, and antithyroglobulin antibody (TGHA) measurements in all @entity0 with @entity3 . In @entity0 with @entity7 , the frequency of @entity3 (58.3%) was 4 times greater than in the control group. The @entity3 -negative @entity0 had 1) @entity8 (13.1%), 2) @entity2 (2.4%), and 3) TSH hyperresponse to TRH in nongoitrous @entity0 (10.7%). @entity0 with positive @entity3 tests (32.1%) were divided into 2 subgroups. One comprised those @entity0 with an apparently normal thyroid gland and thyroid function (n = 7), while the other included all @entity0 with @entity9 and/or subclinical @entity4 (n = 20). Regarding the origin of the @entity7 , it was found that 70% of @entity0 who developed @entity7 during pregnancy or while using oral contraceptives had @entity3 compared to 39.4% of @entity0 with idiopathic @entity7 . Subjects from the control group had a 12.5% incidence of @entity3 , and only 8.3% had positive @entity3 . @entity1 , @entity5 , or both could be the triggering factor in the development of @entity7 in @entity0 who have a particular predisposition toward both @entity7 and @entity6 . @entity0 with idiopathic @entity7 had a lower frequency of @entity3 , suggesting that there may be different genetic patterns linked to @entity6 . We conclude that there is a true association between @entity6 and @entity7 , mostly in @entity0 whose @entity7 develops during pregnancy or after ingestion of oral contraceptive drugs.

title: Association of @entity7 with @entity6 and other @entity3 and their relationship to the origin of the XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 is localized hyperpigmentation over the forehead, upper lips, cheeks, and chin. In this study, evidence suggesting an association between @entity6 and @entity7 and the relationship of @entity3 to the origin of @entity7 is presented. A total of 108 nonpregnant @entity0 , aged 20-56 yr, were divided into 2 groups for the purpose of this study: 1) @entity7 , 84 @entity0 ; 2) control group, 24 @entity0 from the Dermatology Clinic matched for age and sex. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were sought in all subjects. TRH-TSH tests were performed in @entity0 with @entity7 and in those @entity0 with @entity9 and/or positive @entity3 tests from the control group. Studies were completed with serum T4, T3, and antithyroglobulin antibody (TGHA) measurements in all @entity0 with @entity3 . In @entity0 with @entity7 , the frequency of @entity3 (58.3%) was 4 times greater than in the control group. The @entity3 -negative @entity0 had 1) @entity8 (13.1%), 2) @entity2 (2.4%), and 3) TSH hyperresponse to TRH in nongoitrous @entity0 (10.7%). @entity0 with positive @entity3 tests (32.1%) were divided into 2 subgroups. One comprised those @entity0 with an apparently normal thyroid gland and thyroid function (n = 7), while the other included all @entity0 with @entity9 and/or subclinical @entity4 (n = 20). Regarding the origin of the @entity7 , it was found that 70% of @entity0 who developed @entity7 during pregnancy or while using oral contraceptives had @entity3 compared to 39.4% of @entity0 with idiopathic @entity7 . Subjects from the control group had a 12.5% incidence of @entity3 , and only 8.3% had positive @entity3 . @entity1 , @entity5 , or both could be the triggering factor in the development of @entity7 in @entity0 who have a particular predisposition toward both @entity7 and @entity6 . @entity0 with idiopathic @entity7 had a lower frequency of @entity3 , suggesting that there may be different genetic patterns linked to @entity6 . We conclude that there is a true association between @entity6 and @entity7 , mostly in @entity0 whose @entity7 develops during pregnancy or after ingestion of oral contraceptive drugs.

title: Association of XXXX with @entity6 and other @entity3 and their relationship to the origin of the @entity7 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 is localized hyperpigmentation over the forehead, upper lips, cheeks, and chin. In this study, evidence suggesting an association between @entity6 and @entity7 and the relationship of @entity3 to the origin of @entity7 is presented. A total of 108 nonpregnant @entity0 , aged 20-56 yr, were divided into 2 groups for the purpose of this study: 1) @entity7 , 84 @entity0 ; 2) control group, 24 @entity0 from the Dermatology Clinic matched for age and sex. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were sought in all subjects. TRH-TSH tests were performed in @entity0 with @entity7 and in those @entity0 with @entity9 and/or positive @entity3 tests from the control group. Studies were completed with serum T4, T3, and antithyroglobulin antibody (TGHA) measurements in all @entity0 with @entity3 . In @entity0 with @entity7 , the frequency of @entity3 (58.3%) was 4 times greater than in the control group. The @entity3 -negative @entity0 had 1) @entity8 (13.1%), 2) @entity2 (2.4%), and 3) TSH hyperresponse to TRH in nongoitrous @entity0 (10.7%). @entity0 with positive @entity3 tests (32.1%) were divided into 2 subgroups. One comprised those @entity0 with an apparently normal thyroid gland and thyroid function (n = 7), while the other included all @entity0 with @entity9 and/or subclinical @entity4 (n = 20). Regarding the origin of the @entity7 , it was found that 70% of @entity0 who developed @entity7 during pregnancy or while using oral contraceptives had @entity3 compared to 39.4% of @entity0 with idiopathic @entity7 . Subjects from the control group had a 12.5% incidence of @entity3 , and only 8.3% had positive @entity3 . @entity1 , @entity5 , or both could be the triggering factor in the development of @entity7 in @entity0 who have a particular predisposition toward both @entity7 and @entity6 . @entity0 with idiopathic @entity7 had a lower frequency of @entity3 , suggesting that there may be different genetic patterns linked to @entity6 . We conclude that there is a true association between @entity6 and @entity7 , mostly in @entity0 whose @entity7 develops during pregnancy or after ingestion of oral contraceptive drugs.

title: Association of @entity7 with @entity6 and other XXXX and their relationship to the origin of the @entity7 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity7 is localized hyperpigmentation over the forehead, upper lips, cheeks, and chin. In this study, evidence suggesting an association between @entity6 and @entity7 and the relationship of @entity3 to the origin of @entity7 is presented. A total of 108 nonpregnant @entity0 , aged 20-56 yr, were divided into 2 groups for the purpose of this study: 1) @entity7 , 84 @entity0 ; 2) control group, 24 @entity0 from the Dermatology Clinic matched for age and sex. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were sought in all subjects. TRH-TSH tests were performed in @entity0 with @entity7 and in those @entity0 with @entity9 and/or positive @entity3 tests from the control group. Studies were completed with serum T4, T3, and antithyroglobulin antibody (TGHA) measurements in all @entity0 with @entity3 . In @entity0 with @entity7 , the frequency of @entity3 (58.3%) was 4 times greater than in the control group. The @entity3 -negative @entity0 had 1) @entity8 (13.1%), 2) @entity2 (2.4%), and 3) TSH hyperresponse to TRH in nongoitrous @entity0 (10.7%). @entity0 with positive @entity3 tests (32.1%) were divided into 2 subgroups. One comprised those @entity0 with an apparently normal thyroid gland and thyroid function (n = 7), while the other included all @entity0 with @entity9 and/or subclinical @entity4 (n = 20). Regarding the origin of the @entity7 , it was found that 70% of @entity0 who developed @entity7 during pregnancy or while using oral contraceptives had @entity3 compared to 39.4% of @entity0 with idiopathic @entity7 . Subjects from the control group had a 12.5% incidence of @entity3 , and only 8.3% had positive @entity3 . @entity1 , @entity5 , or both could be the triggering factor in the development of @entity7 in @entity0 who have a particular predisposition toward both @entity7 and @entity6 . @entity0 with idiopathic @entity7 had a lower frequency of @entity3 , suggesting that there may be different genetic patterns linked to @entity6 . We conclude that there is a true association between @entity6 and @entity7 , mostly in @entity0 whose @entity7 develops during pregnancy or after ingestion of oral contraceptive drugs.

title: Association of @entity7 with XXXX and other @entity3 and their relationship to the origin of the @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the yield rate (YR) of echocardiography when evaluating @entity0 with suspected @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in both the actual clinical setting and in the hypothetic setting where strict clinical criteria are applied. Study design Medical records of 101 @entity0 undergoing echocardiography for suspected @entity1 were reviewed. Echocardiograms with positive findings were identified and the actual diagnostic YR was calculated. With the use of clinical criteria proposed by von Reyn (VR), the probability of @entity1 was retrospectively classified as (1) rejected, (2) possible, or (3) probable. Theoretic YR of echocardiography was calculated for each classification. RESULTS: The actual YR of echocardiography was 12% (12/101). The YR of echocardiography by VR class was 0% in rejected, 20% in possible, and 80% in probable cases (chi(2) = 55.1, P <.0001). Echocardiography did not change the probability of @entity1 in any @entity0 classified as rejected, but allowed reassignment of disease probability in a significant proportion of @entity0 with possible or probable @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The YR of echocardiography was significant when clinical probability of @entity1 was intermediate-to-high, and low, with marginal clinical utility, when clinical probability was low. Strict pretest assessment of disease probability may lead to more effective utilization of echocardiography in this population.

title: Does assessment of pretest probability of disease improve the utility of echocardiography in suspected endocarditis in XXXX ?

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 , the S(-)-enantiomer of racemic @entity4 , is associated with a similar efficacy but a reduced potential for @entity1 than racemic @entity4 . Thus, this prospective, randomised, double-masked study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of 0.75% @entity5 vs 0.75% @entity4 , each with hyaluronidase, for peribulbar anaesthesia. METHODS: A total of 60 @entity0 undergoing elective anterior segment surgery were randomly allocated to receive either agent by a single, inferotemporal peribulbar injection technique, supplemented with a medial canthus injection if necessary. Ocular @entity3 and orbicularis oculi function were assessed by scoring systems at 2 min intervals until satisfactory @entity3 was achieved, and movements were reassessed on the day after surgery to confirm regression of the block. RESULTS: The time taken to reach a state of satisfactory anaesthesia and @entity3 was deemed to be the primary measure of efficacy. Both agents achieved this in a similar median time of 2 min after receiving 5 ml of the injectate, and the treatment difference was not statistically significant (P=0.24). Blood samples from the first 20 @entity0 were taken at intervals up to 4 h. These were analysed for plasma levels and confirmed similar plasma concentration vs time profiles for the two agents. Seven @entity0 in each group (23%) complained of @entity2 on injection but the technique was generally well tolerated. Two @entity0 in the @entity5 group experienced serious adverse events, but neither was considered related to the study medication. The most common minor post-operative adverse event was prolongation of the local anaesthetic block, which was reported by nine @entity0 (four in the @entity5 group and five in the @entity4 group). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and @entity4 are equally successful in achieving clinically satisfactory peribulbar anaesthesia with few adverse effects.

title: The efficacy and safety of 0.75% @entity5 vs 0.75% XXXX for peribulbar anaesthesia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 , the S(-)-enantiomer of racemic @entity4 , is associated with a similar efficacy but a reduced potential for @entity1 than racemic @entity4 . Thus, this prospective, randomised, double-masked study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of 0.75% @entity5 vs 0.75% @entity4 , each with hyaluronidase, for peribulbar anaesthesia. METHODS: A total of 60 @entity0 undergoing elective anterior segment surgery were randomly allocated to receive either agent by a single, inferotemporal peribulbar injection technique, supplemented with a medial canthus injection if necessary. Ocular @entity3 and orbicularis oculi function were assessed by scoring systems at 2 min intervals until satisfactory @entity3 was achieved, and movements were reassessed on the day after surgery to confirm regression of the block. RESULTS: The time taken to reach a state of satisfactory anaesthesia and @entity3 was deemed to be the primary measure of efficacy. Both agents achieved this in a similar median time of 2 min after receiving 5 ml of the injectate, and the treatment difference was not statistically significant (P=0.24). Blood samples from the first 20 @entity0 were taken at intervals up to 4 h. These were analysed for plasma levels and confirmed similar plasma concentration vs time profiles for the two agents. Seven @entity0 in each group (23%) complained of @entity2 on injection but the technique was generally well tolerated. Two @entity0 in the @entity5 group experienced serious adverse events, but neither was considered related to the study medication. The most common minor post-operative adverse event was prolongation of the local anaesthetic block, which was reported by nine @entity0 (four in the @entity5 group and five in the @entity4 group). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and @entity4 are equally successful in achieving clinically satisfactory peribulbar anaesthesia with few adverse effects.

title: The efficacy and safety of 0.75% XXXX vs 0.75% @entity4 for peribulbar anaesthesia.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The sequence variations of the Der p 2 allergen of @entity3 diverge along 2 pathways with particular @entity2 substitutions at positions 40,47,111, and 114. The environmental prevalence and IgE binding to Der p 2 variants differ among regions. To compare IgE binding to Der p 2 variants between sera from Bangkok, Thailand and Perth, Western Australia with different variants and to determine the variant-specificity of antibodies induced by vaccination with recombinant variants. METHODS: The structures of recombinant variants produced in @entity1 were compared by circular dichroism and @entity4 staining of their lipid-binding cavity. Sera from subjects in Bangkok and Perth where different variants are found were compared by the affinity (IC      ) of IgE cross-reactivity to different variants and by direct IgE binding. @entity0 were immunized with the variants Der p 2.0101 and Der p 2.0110, and their IgG binding to Der p 2.0103, 2.0104, and 2.0109 was measured. RESULTS: The secondary structures of the recombinant variants resembled the natural allergen but with differences in ANS binding. The IC       of Der p 2.0101 required 7-fold higher concentrations to inhibit IgE binding to the high-IgE-binding Der p 2.0104 than for homologous inhibition in sera from Bangkok where it is absent, while in sera from Perth that have both variants the IC       was the same and low. Reciprocal results were obtained for Der p 2.0110 not found in Perth. Direct binding revealed that Der p 2.0104 was best for detecting IgE in both regions, followed by Der p 2.0101 with binding to other variants showing larger differences. Mouse anti-Der p 2.0101 antibodies had a high affinity of cross-reactivity but bound poorly to other variants. CONCLUSIONS: The affinity of IgE antibody cross-reactivity, the direct IgE binding, and the specificities of antibodies induced by vaccination show that measures of allergic sensitization and therapeutic strategies could be optimized with knowledge of Der p 2 variants.

title: Effect of XXXX Polymorphisms of House Dust Mite Der p 2 Variants on Allergic Sensitization.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Since the late 1950s, prophylactic therapy has been used in @entity0 with severe @entity1 in order to convert their phenotype into the phenotype of moderate @entity1 . In the early years, prophylaxis was mostly started after the development of @entity3 . This secondary prophylaxis decreased the number of @entity2 but did not halt the development of @entity3 . With the start of primary prophylaxis, however, it was shown that both joint @entity2 and @entity3 could be prevented. Although its benefits have been proved, prophylaxis has been used as standard treatment for @entity0 in only few countries. There are now favorable results with prophylaxis on @entity2 and @entity3 with more than 25 years of follow-up. In general, the strategies used for prophylaxis can be divided into those that are targeted at preinfusion clotting factor levels of > 1% and those that are guided by clinical @entity2 patterns of individual @entity0 . In both types of strategies, treatment should be started early, before the start of joint damage. However, clotting factor consumption in the first group of strategies is expected to be higher, whereas @entity2 frequencies are expected to be slightly lower. The differences in long-term outcome between both strategies may only become apparent after more than two decades. In addition, some @entity0 may be able to stop taking prophylaxis in adulthood while maintaining a low @entity2 frequency. In conclusion, although the optimal prophylactic regimen is still under debate, it is well established that prophylaxis reduces or even prevents joint @entity2 and @entity3 . Therefore, prophylaxis should be offered to all @entity0 with severe @entity1 , at least until adulthood.

title: Prophylaxis for severe XXXX : experience from Europe and the United States.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mild to moderate elevation of muscle @entity2 kinase (CK) is commonly observed in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Although the determinants of increased the CK in @entity1 remain uncertain, we hypothesize that @entity3 and muscle denervation can be involved by damaging the muscle fibre. @entity0 AND METHODS: We studied 87 @entity1 @entity0 in whom CK determination was performed. In 47, a standardized EMG investigation was performed. In 22 @entity0 a second CK determination was performed a mean of 5 months later. CK values were compared between different @entity0 arranged in groups as determined by the number of regions with @entity3 as detected on the clinical examination, and the number of muscles with @entity3 or with fibrillation potentials as observed on EMG. RESULTS: 43% of our population had an increased CK value. Four out of 5 @entity0 with suspected @entity1 had an increased CK value. The number of @entity0 with increased CK value was not different between sexes, or between bulbar and spinal-onset @entity0 . CK value was not related with disease duration, and did not change at the second measurement. CK value was not different between the groups studied. CONCLUSION: The @entity3 ,and the signs of denervation on EMG, are not determinants for high CK values in @entity1 @entity0 , which are still unknown. Increased CK can be useful in the differential diagnosis of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Increased XXXX kinase and spontaneous activity on electromyography, in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mild to moderate elevation of muscle @entity2 kinase (CK) is commonly observed in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Although the determinants of increased the CK in @entity1 remain uncertain, we hypothesize that @entity3 and muscle denervation can be involved by damaging the muscle fibre. @entity0 AND METHODS: We studied 87 @entity1 @entity0 in whom CK determination was performed. In 47, a standardized EMG investigation was performed. In 22 @entity0 a second CK determination was performed a mean of 5 months later. CK values were compared between different @entity0 arranged in groups as determined by the number of regions with @entity3 as detected on the clinical examination, and the number of muscles with @entity3 or with fibrillation potentials as observed on EMG. RESULTS: 43% of our population had an increased CK value. Four out of 5 @entity0 with suspected @entity1 had an increased CK value. The number of @entity0 with increased CK value was not different between sexes, or between bulbar and spinal-onset @entity0 . CK value was not related with disease duration, and did not change at the second measurement. CK value was not different between the groups studied. CONCLUSION: The @entity3 ,and the signs of denervation on EMG, are not determinants for high CK values in @entity1 @entity0 , which are still unknown. Increased CK can be useful in the differential diagnosis of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Increased @entity2 kinase and spontaneous activity on electromyography, in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Although used extensively, there is little published information on the prognostic ability of exercise 201Tl scintigraphy. Accordingly, 1 yr after testing we contacted 819 @entity0 without previous MI or CABG seen in our laboratory during a 2-yr period. Events were defined as death from a cardiovascular cause, nonfatal MI, or worsening clinical state requiring CABG. The event rate was 3.9 events per 100 @entity0 per year. There was univariate prognostic information when comparing the highest and lowest categories as risk ratios for @entity1 characteristics (2.7), sex (2.3), exercise duration (3.1), ST slope (2.5), and @entity2 pattern (11.6), intensity of perfusion defect (17.2), and number of abnormal regions (8.7). However, the strongest predictors were also the least common. Prognostic ability was improved by combining the results categorically, as the number of abnormal tests (13.9). The highest risk ratio, 20.5:1, was obtained by combining results through discriminant function analysis. We conclude that exercise @entity2 scintigraphy provides prognostic information, although the most predictive patterns are uncommon. Combining the results of multiple test results improves the prognostic ability.

title: Prediction of death, myocardial infarction, and worsening @entity1 using XXXX scintigraphy and exercise electrocardiography.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although used extensively, there is little published information on the prognostic ability of exercise 201Tl scintigraphy. Accordingly, 1 yr after testing we contacted 819 @entity0 without previous MI or CABG seen in our laboratory during a 2-yr period. Events were defined as death from a cardiovascular cause, nonfatal MI, or worsening clinical state requiring CABG. The event rate was 3.9 events per 100 @entity0 per year. There was univariate prognostic information when comparing the highest and lowest categories as risk ratios for @entity1 characteristics (2.7), sex (2.3), exercise duration (3.1), ST slope (2.5), and @entity2 pattern (11.6), intensity of perfusion defect (17.2), and number of abnormal regions (8.7). However, the strongest predictors were also the least common. Prognostic ability was improved by combining the results categorically, as the number of abnormal tests (13.9). The highest risk ratio, 20.5:1, was obtained by combining results through discriminant function analysis. We conclude that exercise @entity2 scintigraphy provides prognostic information, although the most predictive patterns are uncommon. Combining the results of multiple test results improves the prognostic ability.

title: Prediction of death, myocardial infarction, and worsening XXXX using @entity2 scintigraphy and exercise electrocardiography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study reports on patterns of @entity1 use among cantineras: recently immigrated Latina @entity0 who make a living drinking in working class Latino bars (cantinas). METHOD: @entity0 working in 10 cantinas in a Latino neighborhood participated in a semistructured interview that included questions about their personal background and current working conditions. Twenty-one @entity0 were interviewed at their home or place of work. RESULTS: Drinking is a duty required of @entity0 who work in cantinas, and the conditions in which @entity1 is consumed varies by the type of job they perform. Cantineras establish drinking habits and routines to maximize profits and maintain their jobs, while adopting coping strategies to minimize adverse health consequences. CONCLUSIONS: The drinking behavior of cantineras presents a paradox. To make a living, they need to become efficient drinkers who profit from their behavior. At the same time, they need to recognize and set limits to their drinking. The norms of cantineras distinguish drinking as duty from drinking for recreation, and they recognize problem drinking. The heavy health burden imposed by obligatory drinking at work is the result of limited job opportunities and the @entity2 experienced by Latina immigrants who must find ways to cope with the pressures they endure as poor @entity0 .

title: Drinking for wages: XXXX use among cantineras.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the immunological and virological outcome, and the factors associated to discontinuation in @entity0 switching to a regimen containing efavirenz (EFV), @entity5 ( @entity6 ) or @entity7 (ABC) after long-term viral suppression under protease inhibitor-including HAART. DESIGN: Observational study at three outpatient clinics for @entity3 care in Italy. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity3 RNA <80 copies/ml and @entity2 >200 cells/ml for at least 6 months on a protease inhibitor-containing treatment who switched to NVP, EFV or ABC were included in the study. End-points were immunological failure, virological failure and discontinuation due to @entity1 . Survival analyses were performed to find out any independent variables predictive of reaching the end-points. RESULTS: 177 @entity0 were enrolled; 85 started EFV, 54 NVP and 38 ABC as part of the simplification regimen. 16/159 @entity0 experienced immunological failure: the variables associated to @entity2 count decrease were @entity3 RNA set point value (HR 2.32 for each log10 copies more, P=0.040) and intolerance/ @entity1 as reason for simplification (HR 3.96, P=0.05). 13/151 subjects showed virological failure; an @entity4 diagnosis (HR 6.04, P=0.021) and the use of NVP (HR 7.98, P=0.027) were associated to a worse virological outcome, while @entity0 naive before HAART showed a lower risk of failure (HR 0.008, P=0.007). 16/177 @entity0 discontinued simplification regimen due to @entity1 ; longer HAART duration before switch was associated to risk reduction (HR 0.92, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Simplification is safe and effective, but it should be offered to @entity0 with shorter treatment duration, and in good clinical and immunovirological conditions.

title: Simplification of protease inhibitor-containing regimens with efavirenz, @entity5 or XXXX : safety and efficacy outcomes.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the immunological and virological outcome, and the factors associated to discontinuation in @entity0 switching to a regimen containing efavirenz (EFV), @entity5 ( @entity6 ) or @entity7 (ABC) after long-term viral suppression under protease inhibitor-including HAART. DESIGN: Observational study at three outpatient clinics for @entity3 care in Italy. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity3 RNA <80 copies/ml and @entity2 >200 cells/ml for at least 6 months on a protease inhibitor-containing treatment who switched to NVP, EFV or ABC were included in the study. End-points were immunological failure, virological failure and discontinuation due to @entity1 . Survival analyses were performed to find out any independent variables predictive of reaching the end-points. RESULTS: 177 @entity0 were enrolled; 85 started EFV, 54 NVP and 38 ABC as part of the simplification regimen. 16/159 @entity0 experienced immunological failure: the variables associated to @entity2 count decrease were @entity3 RNA set point value (HR 2.32 for each log10 copies more, P=0.040) and intolerance/ @entity1 as reason for simplification (HR 3.96, P=0.05). 13/151 subjects showed virological failure; an @entity4 diagnosis (HR 6.04, P=0.021) and the use of NVP (HR 7.98, P=0.027) were associated to a worse virological outcome, while @entity0 naive before HAART showed a lower risk of failure (HR 0.008, P=0.007). 16/177 @entity0 discontinued simplification regimen due to @entity1 ; longer HAART duration before switch was associated to risk reduction (HR 0.92, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Simplification is safe and effective, but it should be offered to @entity0 with shorter treatment duration, and in good clinical and immunovirological conditions.

title: Simplification of protease inhibitor-containing regimens with efavirenz, XXXX or @entity7 : safety and efficacy outcomes.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity0 22K factor is a cytokine released by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes. The factor stimulates fibroblasts to produce interferon-beta ( @entity5 ) and thereby exerts antiviral activity on these cells. It was identified as @entity4 ( @entity4 ) by its @entity3 sequence and spectrum of biological activities. The pyrogenic and haematological effects of pure 22K factor were studied at different doses and were compared with those of endotoxin and interferon. 22K factor dose-dependently induced @entity2 in @entity1 , 0.1 microgram/kg being a minimum effective dose. Intravenous injection in @entity1 caused immediate granulocytosis at low dose, while a profound granulopenia followed by hypergranulocytosis was observed at high dose. Preparations of pure 22K factor were free of detectable lipopolysaccharide and lost their biological effects after heat-treatment. Repeated injections of 22K factor did not result in a state of tolerance. There is no evidence that the effects in vivo of 22K factor were mediated by induction of interferon. @entity0 22K factor, a weak and species-specific inducer in @entity5 in vitro, did not induce detectable amounts of circulating interferon in @entity1 . Moreover, injection of @entity1 with @entity5 resulted in a weak effect on body temperature and granulocyte counts as compared to similar doses of 22K factor.

title: Pyrogenic and haematological effects of the interferon-inducing 22K factor ( XXXX ) from @entity0 leukocytes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 22K factor is a cytokine released by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes. The factor stimulates fibroblasts to produce interferon-beta ( @entity5 ) and thereby exerts antiviral activity on these cells. It was identified as @entity4 ( @entity4 ) by its @entity3 sequence and spectrum of biological activities. The pyrogenic and haematological effects of pure 22K factor were studied at different doses and were compared with those of endotoxin and interferon. 22K factor dose-dependently induced @entity2 in @entity1 , 0.1 microgram/kg being a minimum effective dose. Intravenous injection in @entity1 caused immediate granulocytosis at low dose, while a profound granulopenia followed by hypergranulocytosis was observed at high dose. Preparations of pure 22K factor were free of detectable lipopolysaccharide and lost their biological effects after heat-treatment. Repeated injections of 22K factor did not result in a state of tolerance. There is no evidence that the effects in vivo of 22K factor were mediated by induction of interferon. @entity0 22K factor, a weak and species-specific inducer in @entity5 in vitro, did not induce detectable amounts of circulating interferon in @entity1 . Moreover, injection of @entity1 with @entity5 resulted in a weak effect on body temperature and granulocyte counts as compared to similar doses of 22K factor.

title: Pyrogenic and haematological effects of the interferon-inducing 22K factor ( @entity4 ) from XXXX leukocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Margin status can often be difficult to assess intraoperatively, particularly during partial nephrectomy given the time constraints related to @entity2 . We hypothesized that a targeted molecular imaging approach could be used during surgery to identify @entity1 margins and confirm disease clearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: EC17, a novel tracer targeting FRa, was used in @entity3 models of @entity5 to identify positive margins after surgery. Positive margins were detected due to elevated @entity1 -to-background ratios of the @entity1 compared to surrounding normal tissues. We performed a pilot study in 4  @entity0 using EC17 preoperatively with intraoperative imaging during the operation. RESULTS: FRa was highly expressed in 65% of @entity5 harvested from the operating room. In the @entity3 model intraoperative imaging of @entity5 revealed a mean    SD @entity1 -to-background ratio of 8.2      1.1 in the RCC10, 11.2    1.1 in the 786-0 and 4.3    1.1 in the UMRC2 cell line. Compared to visual inspection intraoperative imaging of the surgical resection bed identified @entity4 in 24% more animals. In the @entity0 pilot study targeted molecular imaging identified 2 of 4 @entity5 and had no false-positive results. In these 2 cases the @entity1 -to-background ratio was 3.7 and 4.6, respectively. In each case we confirmed disease clearance and @entity1 fluorescence did not correlate with nodule size or @entity1 grade. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first demonstration in @entity0 of identifying @entity5 during surgery using a targeted molecular contrast agent. This approach may lead to a superior method of identifying @entity1 and @entity1 borders in the intraoperative setting.

title: Intraoperative Molecular Diagnostic Imaging Can XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-pigmented, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterial strain WYH 22-41T was isolated from a @entity5 mine in Yunnan Province, China. The cells were motile with a single polar flagellum. The 16S rRNA gene of strain WYH 22-41T was phylogenetically related to the corresponding gene of Comamonas terrae DSM 27221T (98.4%), Comamonas odontotermitis LMG 23579T (97.6%) and Comamonas aquatica LMG 2370T (97.4%). DNA-DNA hybridizations of strain WYH 22-41T with these three strains showed relatedness of 33.2%, 20.5% and 27.7%, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain WYH 22-41T was 62.4 mol%. The predominant respiratory @entity2 was @entity7 -8. The major polar lipids were @entity6 , @entity3 , and @entity4 . The major @entity1 of strain WYH 22-41T were C16 : 0, @entity8 : 0 cyclo, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1   6c and/or C16 : 1   7c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1   6c and/or C18 : 1   7c). On the basis of its phenotypic properties, phylogenetic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization, as well as whole-cell @entity0 composition, strain WYH 22-41T represents a novel species of the genus Comamonas, for which the name Comamonas phosphati sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WYH 22-41T (=CGMCC 1.12294T = DSM 26017T).

title: Comamonas phosphati sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a XXXX mine.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The process of preparing endoscopic @entity3 samples for next-generation DNA/RNA sequencing is poorly described. Therefore, we assessed the feasibility and pitfalls of preparing @entity3 endoscopic biopsies toward DNA/RNA samples suitable for next-generation sequencing. In this prospective study, four @entity1 biopsy samples were collected from consecutive @entity2 @entity0 during esophagogastroduodenoscopy and fresh-frozen in liquid @entity4 . DNA and RNA were isolated from samples with a @entity1 percentage of at least 50%. For next-generation sequencing, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is required and high-quality RNA preferred. The quantity dsDNA and RNA quantity and quality were assessed with the Nanodrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Biopsy samples of 69 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 were included. In five @entity0 (7%), the @entity1 percentage was less than 50% in all four biopsies. Using a protocol allowing simultaneous DNA and RNA isolation, the median dsDNA yield was 2.4    g (range 0.1-12.0    g) and the median RNA yield was 0.5    g (range 0.01-2.05    g). The median RNA integrity number of samples that were fresh-frozen within 30 minutes after sampling was 6.7 (range 4.2-8.9) compared with 2.5 (1.8-4.5) for samples that were fresh-frozen after 2 hours. The results from this study show that obtaining dsDNA and RNA for next-generation sequencing from endoscopic @entity3 samples is feasible. @entity1 percentage and dsDNA/RNA yield and quality emphasize the need for sampling multiple biopsies and minimizing the delay before fresh-freezing.

title: Biobanking of fresh-frozen endoscopic biopsy specimens from XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Histologic sections of seven @entity1 ( @entity1 ), 13 @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and a Bowenoid actinic keratoses were examined for expression of HLA class 1 antigens (HLA-ABC) using a monoclonal antibody and an immunoperoxidase technique. Expression of @entity3 was examined with a polyclonal antibody method. Neither cell marker was detected within the Bowenoid actinic keratoses. @entity1 and @entity2 exhibited decreased expression of both HLA-ABC and @entity3 and often did not express these antigens at all. HLA-ABC was present in only two of 13 @entity2 and four of seven @entity1 . @entity3 was present in one of 13 @entity2 and two of seven @entity1 . When present, these antigens often were present in a few areas of the @entity0 , but absent in others. In both @entity1 and @entity2 , both antigens were usually lost simultaneously. In all @entity0 with @entity3 , HLA-ABC also was retained. There was no apparent relationship of anatomic site or type of @entity0 with retention of surface antigens. Since some @entity0 or portions of @entity0 retained HLA-ABC and @entity3 on their surfaces, the absence of these antigens is not an absolute marker for @entity0 .

title: HLA and @entity3 expression in basal and XXXX of the skin.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Histologic sections of seven @entity1 ( @entity1 ), 13 @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and a Bowenoid actinic keratoses were examined for expression of HLA class 1 antigens (HLA-ABC) using a monoclonal antibody and an immunoperoxidase technique. Expression of @entity3 was examined with a polyclonal antibody method. Neither cell marker was detected within the Bowenoid actinic keratoses. @entity1 and @entity2 exhibited decreased expression of both HLA-ABC and @entity3 and often did not express these antigens at all. HLA-ABC was present in only two of 13 @entity2 and four of seven @entity1 . @entity3 was present in one of 13 @entity2 and two of seven @entity1 . When present, these antigens often were present in a few areas of the @entity0 , but absent in others. In both @entity1 and @entity2 , both antigens were usually lost simultaneously. In all @entity0 with @entity3 , HLA-ABC also was retained. There was no apparent relationship of anatomic site or type of @entity0 with retention of surface antigens. Since some @entity0 or portions of @entity0 retained HLA-ABC and @entity3 on their surfaces, the absence of these antigens is not an absolute marker for @entity0 .

title: HLA and XXXX expression in basal and @entity1 of the skin.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is characterized by recurrent @entity3 and/or pregnancy loss associated with persistently elevated levels of autoantibodies to phospholipids or plasma proteins. @entity5 occurs both as a @entity2 and as a condition secondary to lupus and other @entity4 . Awareness of the polymorphic presentations of @entity5 is vital given the risk of life-threatening @entity3 associated with this condition. Anticoagulant therapy is effective in preventing recurrent @entity3 . New biological markers have been developed, including autoantibodies to beta-2-glycoprotein 1 (anti-beta2GP1), @entity6 (PE), and @entity7 . These autoantibodies are not listed in the new diagnostic criteria set (Sapporo, 1999) because their usefulness needs to be validated and their detection standardized. Nevertheless, they may be helpful as part of a biological evaluation strategy for @entity5 . Progress can be expected in the near future, particularly regarding prediction of @entity3 . Although no marker predicts @entity3 with complete certainty, persistent high titers of the IgG variants of one or more antiphospholipid antibodies (particularly circulating anticoagulant and anti-beta2GP1) indicate a high risk of @entity3 . Evaluation of other thrombogenic factors such as inherited @entity1 is probably useful in @entity0 with @entity5 . Improvements in our ability to predict the risk of @entity3 may lead to novel strategies for prevention and treatment. New drugs such as complement factor (C3) inhibitors are being developed.

title: XXXX : why and how should we make the diagnosis?

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Department of Defense health care system provides access to care without respect to age, race, or socioeconomic status. We sought to determine the effect of race as a predictor of survival in @entity0 with @entity2 treated in the Department of Defense medical system. METHODS: Information on @entity0 with @entity2 was extracted from the Department of Defense centralized @entity1 registry for the period 1988 to 1995. Data included age at diagnosis, military status, race, @entity1 histology, grade, FIGO surgical stage, adjuvant therapies, and disease-free survival. The chi(2) test was used for analysis of prognostic factors and adjuvant treatments between racial groups. Actuarial survival curves were calculated by using the method of Kaplan and Meier and compared by the log-rank test. Variables found to be significant on univariate analysis (P < 0.05) were entered into a multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 1811 @entity0 meeting criteria for the study, racial distribution was 90% Caucasian, 4.4% African-American, and 5.5% Asian-Pacific Islander. African-Americans had more advanced stages of disease compared to Caucasians (P < 0.001). Both African-Americans and Asian-Pacific Islanders had higher grade @entity1 and less favorable histologic types than Caucasians (P < 0.05). The extent of adjuvant therapies was similar for racial groups. African-Americans and Asian-Pacific Islanders had significantly worse 5-year disease-free survivals than Caucasians (P = 0.007). Additional poor prognostic factors included age >60 years, grade, unfavorable histology, and stage. On multivariate analysis age >60 years, stage, and Asian-Pacific Islander race remained significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: African-Americans and Asian-Pacific Islanders had worse survivals than Caucasians. After controlling for imbalances in clinicopathologic factors, Asian-Pacific Islander race was found to be a newly identified poor prognostic factor.

title: Asian-Pacific Islander race independently predicts poor outcome in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Department of Defense health care system provides access to care without respect to age, race, or socioeconomic status. We sought to determine the effect of race as a predictor of survival in @entity0 with @entity2 treated in the Department of Defense medical system. METHODS: Information on @entity0 with @entity2 was extracted from the Department of Defense centralized @entity1 registry for the period 1988 to 1995. Data included age at diagnosis, military status, race, @entity1 histology, grade, FIGO surgical stage, adjuvant therapies, and disease-free survival. The chi(2) test was used for analysis of prognostic factors and adjuvant treatments between racial groups. Actuarial survival curves were calculated by using the method of Kaplan and Meier and compared by the log-rank test. Variables found to be significant on univariate analysis (P < 0.05) were entered into a multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 1811 @entity0 meeting criteria for the study, racial distribution was 90% Caucasian, 4.4% African-American, and 5.5% Asian-Pacific Islander. African-Americans had more advanced stages of disease compared to Caucasians (P < 0.001). Both African-Americans and Asian-Pacific Islanders had higher grade @entity1 and less favorable histologic types than Caucasians (P < 0.05). The extent of adjuvant therapies was similar for racial groups. African-Americans and Asian-Pacific Islanders had significantly worse 5-year disease-free survivals than Caucasians (P = 0.007). Additional poor prognostic factors included age >60 years, grade, unfavorable histology, and stage. On multivariate analysis age >60 years, stage, and Asian-Pacific Islander race remained significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: African-Americans and Asian-Pacific Islanders had worse survivals than Caucasians. After controlling for imbalances in clinicopathologic factors, Asian-Pacific Islander race was found to be a newly identified poor prognostic factor.

title: Asian-Pacific Islander race independently predicts poor outcome in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prior to 1995, in our center, @entity0 with surgically staged @entity1 with greater than 50% myoinvasion (FIGO 1C) were treated with vault brachytherapy and whole pelvis (WP) radiotherapy despite negative nodes. After October 1, 1995, these @entity0 were treated with vault brachytherapy alone. The aim of this study was to ensure that the survival and recurrence rate had not changed. METHODS: A retrospective review of Cancer Care Manitoba charts was undertaken. All @entity0 diagnosed with @entity3 between October 1, 1995, and @entity2 , 2001, were reviewed. Data for all FIGO surgical stage 1 @entity0 , and a subset of stage 1C @entity0 , were analyzed and compared with those of a historical control group, composed of @entity0 data previously collected in our center (1978 to 1990) [Gynecol. Oncol. 55 (1994), 51]. RESULTS: A total of 172 @entity0 had negative selective pelvic lymphadenectomy and FIGO stage 1 disease. Fifty-three stage 1C @entity0 were spared WP radiotherapy. Median follow-up was 32 months. Recurrence rate in FIGO stage 1 disease was 2.3% (4/172) and for the subset 1C was 5.7% (3/53). The recurrence rate was not statistically significantly different from that of the historical control group, 3.6% for stage 1 (P = 0.562) and 7.2% for stage 1C (P = 0.51). Two- and five-year survival rates for stage 1 @entity0 in this study were 97 and 95%, respectively. In the historical group, 2- and 5-year survival rates were 97 and 94%. CONCLUSION: Whole pelvis radiotherapy can be safely omitted in @entity0 with FIGO stage 1C @entity1 if nodal status is known.

title: High-risk surgical stage 1 XXXX : outcomes with vault brachytherapy alone.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 risk factors begin in childhood. Their presence may predict @entity2 in adulthood. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity2 risk factors in a group of nurses   @entity0 at a health facility in Bogot  , Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based observational study among 3-17 year-old individuals evaluated between June, 2011, and July, 2012. RESULTS: A total number of 118 @entity0 were included. The mean age was 7.4 years, with a standard deviation of 3.86; 72.0% of the @entity0 had a normal weight. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was distributed as follows: inadequate food habits, 89.0%; sedentary lifestyle, 78.8%; family history of @entity2 , 16.1%; overweight, 15.3%, and @entity1 , 12.7%. There were no significant differences in risk factors between @entity0 and @entity0 . Among overweight and @entity1 @entity0 , sedentary lifestyle was present in 90.9%, and among normal-weight @entity0 , in 36.5% (p<0.001). Inadequate food habits were present in 84.8% of the overweight and @entity1 @entity0 , and in 42.4% of those with normal weight (p<0.001). Among the study population, 97.5% had at least one risk factor and 42.4% presented 3 or more. The presence of 3 or more @entity2 risk factors was higher in @entity1 @entity0 , when compared to overweight (p<0.001) and normal-weight @entity0 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that there was a substantial burden of @entity2 risk factors in the 3-17 year-old @entity0 included, particularly in those who were @entity1 or overweight.

title: [High prevalence of XXXX risk factors in a pediatric population].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Captive African ( @entity3 ) and Asian ( @entity2 ) elephants can experience foot pathologies and @entity0 . As a preventative measure against these pathologies and to alleviate the potential discomfort due to concrete substrates, some zoological institutions have renovated @entity2 housing to increase the amount of natural or shock-absorbent substrates. The objective of this study was to compare behavioral (diurnal and nocturnal) and glucorticoid (e.g., serum @entity1 ) responses of three female African elephants before, during, and after renovation to their indoor housing floor to assess whether renovations had short-term effects on the elephants' behavior and stress physiology. Behavioral data were collected using scan-sampling methods, and activity budgets were constructed for each of the three elephants. In addition, the duration of all lying rest activities were recorded. Weekly serum @entity1 concentrations were determined with enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Overall, eating was the most prevalent behavior exhibited outdoors during the day, while resting (either in a lying or standing position) were most common during the indoor, nocturnal periods. Although variation existed among the three elephants, all three females spent significantly more time walking and less time eating during the day after the completion of the renovations. The extent to which the three elephants exhibited nocturnal lying rest behavior varied among the elephants, with the oldest @entity2 exhibiting the least amount (an average of 13.2    2.8% of the nightly behavioral scans) compared to the two younger elephants (an average of 34.5    2.1% and 56.6    2.8% of the nightly behavioral scans). There was a significant increase in lying rest behavior for one @entity2 and standing rest for a second @entity2 following renovations. Baseline @entity1 concentrations prior to renovations were 3.0    0.4 ng/ml, 4.5    0.5 ng/ml, and 4.9    0.5 ng/ml for the three elephants. @entity1 concentrations remained baseline for two of the elephants throughout and after the renovation period, while one @entity2 that was pregnant had elevated @entity1 during construction. @entity1 concentrations for the pregnant @entity2 remained higher than baseline once she was introduced to the new flooring and allowed back into the building, but these values were closer to the @entity1 concentrations before renovations than during construction. Our findings demonstrate that individual elephants can vary in their behavioral and physiological responses to exhibit modifications. Given that the elephants walked more during the day, two of the three elephants had an increase in rest behavior during the night, and there were minimal changes in @entity1 response after the flooring renovations, we conclude that the flooring renovations overall had a positive impact on animal welfare.

title: Assessment of Flooring Renovations on African XXXX ( @entity3 ) Behavior and Glucocorticoid Response.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Captive African ( @entity3 ) and Asian ( @entity2 ) elephants can experience foot pathologies and @entity0 . As a preventative measure against these pathologies and to alleviate the potential discomfort due to concrete substrates, some zoological institutions have renovated @entity2 housing to increase the amount of natural or shock-absorbent substrates. The objective of this study was to compare behavioral (diurnal and nocturnal) and glucorticoid (e.g., serum @entity1 ) responses of three female African elephants before, during, and after renovation to their indoor housing floor to assess whether renovations had short-term effects on the elephants' behavior and stress physiology. Behavioral data were collected using scan-sampling methods, and activity budgets were constructed for each of the three elephants. In addition, the duration of all lying rest activities were recorded. Weekly serum @entity1 concentrations were determined with enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Overall, eating was the most prevalent behavior exhibited outdoors during the day, while resting (either in a lying or standing position) were most common during the indoor, nocturnal periods. Although variation existed among the three elephants, all three females spent significantly more time walking and less time eating during the day after the completion of the renovations. The extent to which the three elephants exhibited nocturnal lying rest behavior varied among the elephants, with the oldest @entity2 exhibiting the least amount (an average of 13.2    2.8% of the nightly behavioral scans) compared to the two younger elephants (an average of 34.5    2.1% and 56.6    2.8% of the nightly behavioral scans). There was a significant increase in lying rest behavior for one @entity2 and standing rest for a second @entity2 following renovations. Baseline @entity1 concentrations prior to renovations were 3.0    0.4 ng/ml, 4.5    0.5 ng/ml, and 4.9    0.5 ng/ml for the three elephants. @entity1 concentrations remained baseline for two of the elephants throughout and after the renovation period, while one @entity2 that was pregnant had elevated @entity1 during construction. @entity1 concentrations for the pregnant @entity2 remained higher than baseline once she was introduced to the new flooring and allowed back into the building, but these values were closer to the @entity1 concentrations before renovations than during construction. Our findings demonstrate that individual elephants can vary in their behavioral and physiological responses to exhibit modifications. Given that the elephants walked more during the day, two of the three elephants had an increase in rest behavior during the night, and there were minimal changes in @entity1 response after the flooring renovations, we conclude that the flooring renovations overall had a positive impact on animal welfare.

title: Assessment of Flooring Renovations on African @entity2 ( XXXX ) Behavior and Glucocorticoid Response.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Physical activity appears to attenuate the decline of cognitive function typically observed in older @entity0 and @entity0 . The @entity1 component of the event-related potential (ERP) is particularly affected by aging and allows for basic neurobiological assessment of cognitive function. Three aspects of the @entity1 component (i.e. latency, amplitude, and area under the curve (AUC)), elicited by an oddball task, were derived to assess cognitive function in young and older @entity0 (N=73) who were further classified as high- and low-active. The low-active elderly @entity0 exhibited larger AUC values than those observed in all other groups which were undifferentiated. That is, the high-active elderly and the young @entity0 exhibited smaller AUC values than the low-active older group. In conclusion, higher levels of physical activity in the elderly may be associated with a reduction in the neural resources allocated in response to simple cognitive challenge. This interpretation is consistent with the concept of psychomotor efficiency proposed by Hatfield and Hillman [The psychophysiology of sport: a mechanistic understanding of the psychology of superior performance. In: Singer RN, @entity2 , Janelle CM, editors. Handbook of sport psychology. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley; 2001, p. 362-88].

title: Aging, physical activity, and cognitive processing: an examination of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the compliance with and tolerability of daily cranberry capsule ingestion for asymptomatic @entity2 (ASB) prevention in pregnancy. DESIGN: A total of 49 pregnant @entity0 from two sites were randomly assigned to cranberry or matching placebo, two doses daily, at gestational ages less than 16 weeks. @entity0 were followed monthly for urinary tract infection until delivery. Up to seven monthly visits were scheduled for each @entity0 . Delivery data were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 38 evaluable @entity0 , the mean compliance rate over the study period was 82% (range, 20%-100%). This compliance rate and the 74% of @entity0 achieving good (>= 75%) compliance were similar between those who received cranberry capsules and placebo. Compliance evaluation revealed that most @entity0 stopped capsule consumption after 34-38 weeks of participation. Multivariate logistic regression and longitudinal analysis showed a significant interaction time effect with cranberry treatment. However, cranberry consumption was not a significant predictor of @entity1 or study withdrawal. Although 30% of @entity0 withdrew for various reasons, only 1 withdrew because of intolerance to the cranberry capsules. Loss to follow-up was mostly due to provider change (9 of 49 [18%]) and therapy disinterest (4 of 49 [8%]). Seven cases of ASB occurred in 5 @entity0 : 2 of 24 (8%) in the cranberry group and 3 of 25 (12%) in the placebo group. No cases of @entity3 or @entity4 were observed. CONCLUSION: One third of pregnant @entity0 could not complete the study protocol for various reasons. Compliance with and tolerability of cranberry capsule ingestion appear good; these capsules provide a potentially effective means to prevent ASB in pregnancy. Further studies with large samples are necessary to confirm the findings.

title: Pilot Study to Evaluate Compliance and Tolerability of Cranberry Capsules in Pregnancy for the Prevention of Asymptomatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity0 plant ( @entity0 Mill.) is sensitive to cold, and low field temperatures can result in shortened growth periods and decreased crop yield. Transcription of CRT/DRE-binding factor (CBF) is regulated by @entity7 ( @entity7 ). CBF activates many downstream genes that confer cold tolerance on plants. @entity7 has been used in genetic engineering to improve cold-resistance in several plant species. Here, @entity7 in a plant expression vector was used to transform a tissue-cultured rhubarb @entity0 variety using @entity4 . The transgenic and control plants were compared at 4  C for 0, 24, and 72 h. We measured leaf physiological indicators related to cold resistance, including @entity1 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 ( @entity5 ) contents, and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and catalase (CAT) activities. At 72 h, the @entity3 content in transgenic plants was significantly lower than in control plants, indicating a lower membrane lipid injury. The @entity5 contents and the CAT and @entity6 activities in the transgenic plants increased significantly compared with those of the control plants. For @entity5 , the increase continued over the prolonged stress exposure, while CAT and @entity6 activities reached peak levels at 24 h. These results are consistent with the roles of @entity5 , CAT, and @entity6 in defending the integrity of plant cells. Our study not only improves the cold resistance of @entity0 , but also provides the foundation for further research on the role of @entity7 as a transcription factor in plant cold resistance.

title: Cloning and transformation of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in XXXX .

answer: @entity0