abstract: Between November 1998 and December 2001, we treated 14 @entity0 with advanced recurrent high-grade @entity2 with a total dose of 4.6 x 10(8), 4.6 x 10(9), 4.6 x 10(10), or 4.6 x 10(11) viral particles (VP) of a replication-incompetent adenoviral vector harboring the herpes simplex virus @entity3 kinase gene driven by the adenoviral major late promoter (IG.Ad.MLPI.TK), followed by @entity4 (GCV) treatment. The VP-to-infectious-unit ratio was 40. The vector was administered by 50 intraoperative wound-bed injections of 0.2 ml each (total volume 10 ml). The study's primary objective was to determine the safety of this treatment and establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Injection of all doses of IG.Ad.MLPI.TK followed by GCV was safely tolerated and MTD was not reached. All @entity0 had recurrence or progression of the @entity1 1-24 months (median 3.5 months) after gene therapy. The overall median survival was 4 months. Four @entity0 survived longer than 1 year following gene therapy. One @entity0 is still alive, with histologically confirmed progression of the @entity1 , 29 months after treatment. Ten @entity0 died within 8 months of treatment, all from progression of the @entity1 . In 5 @entity0 residual and measurable @entity1 was visible on the direct (<48 h) postoperative MRI. No objective radiological response was documented on subsequent MRI. None of the @entity0 came to autopsy. In conclusion, the administration of 4.6 x 10(11) VP of IG.Ad.MLPI.TK by 50 injections into the wound bed following resection of recurrent @entity2 , followed by GCV treatment, was well tolerated.

title: Treatment of relapsed @entity2 with an adenoviral vector containing the herpes simplex @entity3 kinase gene followed by XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Between November 1998 and December 2001, we treated 14 @entity0 with advanced recurrent high-grade @entity2 with a total dose of 4.6 x 10(8), 4.6 x 10(9), 4.6 x 10(10), or 4.6 x 10(11) viral particles (VP) of a replication-incompetent adenoviral vector harboring the herpes simplex virus @entity3 kinase gene driven by the adenoviral major late promoter (IG.Ad.MLPI.TK), followed by @entity4 (GCV) treatment. The VP-to-infectious-unit ratio was 40. The vector was administered by 50 intraoperative wound-bed injections of 0.2 ml each (total volume 10 ml). The study's primary objective was to determine the safety of this treatment and establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Injection of all doses of IG.Ad.MLPI.TK followed by GCV was safely tolerated and MTD was not reached. All @entity0 had recurrence or progression of the @entity1 1-24 months (median 3.5 months) after gene therapy. The overall median survival was 4 months. Four @entity0 survived longer than 1 year following gene therapy. One @entity0 is still alive, with histologically confirmed progression of the @entity1 , 29 months after treatment. Ten @entity0 died within 8 months of treatment, all from progression of the @entity1 . In 5 @entity0 residual and measurable @entity1 was visible on the direct (<48 h) postoperative MRI. No objective radiological response was documented on subsequent MRI. None of the @entity0 came to autopsy. In conclusion, the administration of 4.6 x 10(11) VP of IG.Ad.MLPI.TK by 50 injections into the wound bed following resection of recurrent @entity2 , followed by GCV treatment, was well tolerated.

title: Treatment of relapsed @entity2 with an adenoviral vector containing the herpes simplex XXXX kinase gene followed by @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Between November 1998 and December 2001, we treated 14 @entity0 with advanced recurrent high-grade @entity2 with a total dose of 4.6 x 10(8), 4.6 x 10(9), 4.6 x 10(10), or 4.6 x 10(11) viral particles (VP) of a replication-incompetent adenoviral vector harboring the herpes simplex virus @entity3 kinase gene driven by the adenoviral major late promoter (IG.Ad.MLPI.TK), followed by @entity4 (GCV) treatment. The VP-to-infectious-unit ratio was 40. The vector was administered by 50 intraoperative wound-bed injections of 0.2 ml each (total volume 10 ml). The study's primary objective was to determine the safety of this treatment and establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Injection of all doses of IG.Ad.MLPI.TK followed by GCV was safely tolerated and MTD was not reached. All @entity0 had recurrence or progression of the @entity1 1-24 months (median 3.5 months) after gene therapy. The overall median survival was 4 months. Four @entity0 survived longer than 1 year following gene therapy. One @entity0 is still alive, with histologically confirmed progression of the @entity1 , 29 months after treatment. Ten @entity0 died within 8 months of treatment, all from progression of the @entity1 . In 5 @entity0 residual and measurable @entity1 was visible on the direct (<48 h) postoperative MRI. No objective radiological response was documented on subsequent MRI. None of the @entity0 came to autopsy. In conclusion, the administration of 4.6 x 10(11) VP of IG.Ad.MLPI.TK by 50 injections into the wound bed following resection of recurrent @entity2 , followed by GCV treatment, was well tolerated.

title: Treatment of relapsed XXXX with an adenoviral vector containing the herpes simplex @entity3 kinase gene followed by @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The humerus is a common site for @entity1 . Intramedullary nail fixation has been reported to be the best form of fixation for this disease but complications occur. This study aimed to assess the use of a new humeral nail to treat pathological @entity2 and impending pathological @entity2 of the humerus. METHODS: 29 @entity0 received 31 Austofix locked intramedullary humeral nails: 25 for pathological @entity2 and 6 for impending @entity2 ; 24 nails were inserted anterograde and 7 retrograde. Cement augmentation was applied in 4 @entity0 , and adjuvant therapy was used in 28 @entity0 . Complications occurred in 12 @entity0 . RESULTS: Fixation failed in 6 @entity0 : 2 due to intraoperative @entity2 during retrograde nailing, one due to a @entity2 through screw holes postoperatively, and 3 due to local progression of disease. Difficulty in distal locking of the nail was encountered in 4 @entity0 . Locked intramedullary nailing resulted in a stable humerus in 80% of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Retrograde insertion of the nail is associated with an increased risk of intra-operative @entity2 , and disease progression can occur, despite the administration of adjuvant therapy.

title: Treatment of pathological XXXX of the humerus with a locked intramedullary nail.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Previous studies have indicated that @entity3 (RA) may be therapeutic for @entity2 . However, the downstream target genes and pathways triggered by ligand-activated @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity2 cells are largely unknown. In this study, @entity4 , flow cytometry, and immunoblotting assays were used to assess the roles of RA and the RA agonist ( @entity9 ) in the growth of @entity2 cells. Illumina-based microarray expression profiling of endometrial Ishikawa cells incubated with and without @entity9 for 1, 3, and 6h was performed. We found that both RA and @entity9 markedly inhibited @entity2 cell proliferation, while knockdown of @entity5 could block @entity9 inhibition. Knockdown of @entity5 significantly increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen and @entity1 protein levels. Incubation of Ishikawa cells with or without @entity9 followed by microarray expression profiling showed that 12768 genes out of 47296 gene probes were differentially expressed with significant P values. We found that 90 genes were the most regulated genes with the most significant P value (P<0.0001) using F-test. We selected four highly regulated genes with diverse functions, namely @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity6 , and @entity8 . Real-time PCR verified that @entity9 highly regulated these genes, whereas chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR assay demonstrated that ligand-activated @entity5 interacted with the promoter of these genes in intact @entity2 cells. @entity9 also significantly altered 18 pathways including those related to cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. In conclusion, @entity9 treatment of Ishikawa cells causes the differential expression of a number of @entity5 target genes and activation of signaling pathways. These pathways could, therefore, mediate the carcinogenesis of @entity0 @entity2 .

title: XXXX inhibits @entity2 via multiple genomic mechanisms.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Previous studies have indicated that @entity3 (RA) may be therapeutic for @entity2 . However, the downstream target genes and pathways triggered by ligand-activated @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity2 cells are largely unknown. In this study, @entity4 , flow cytometry, and immunoblotting assays were used to assess the roles of RA and the RA agonist ( @entity9 ) in the growth of @entity2 cells. Illumina-based microarray expression profiling of endometrial Ishikawa cells incubated with and without @entity9 for 1, 3, and 6h was performed. We found that both RA and @entity9 markedly inhibited @entity2 cell proliferation, while knockdown of @entity5 could block @entity9 inhibition. Knockdown of @entity5 significantly increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen and @entity1 protein levels. Incubation of Ishikawa cells with or without @entity9 followed by microarray expression profiling showed that 12768 genes out of 47296 gene probes were differentially expressed with significant P values. We found that 90 genes were the most regulated genes with the most significant P value (P<0.0001) using F-test. We selected four highly regulated genes with diverse functions, namely @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity6 , and @entity8 . Real-time PCR verified that @entity9 highly regulated these genes, whereas chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR assay demonstrated that ligand-activated @entity5 interacted with the promoter of these genes in intact @entity2 cells. @entity9 also significantly altered 18 pathways including those related to cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. In conclusion, @entity9 treatment of Ishikawa cells causes the differential expression of a number of @entity5 target genes and activation of signaling pathways. These pathways could, therefore, mediate the carcinogenesis of @entity0 @entity2 .

title: @entity3 inhibits XXXX via multiple genomic mechanisms.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of knee effusion on the quadriceps muscle in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity1 ). DESIGN: Single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Single medical center. @entity0 : Forty subjects with knee @entity1 were assigned to a experimental (n  =  20) or control (n  =  20) group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quadriceps torque and root mean square (RMS) values of surface electromyography (EMG) of the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles were measured during a maximal isometric contraction at 60   knee flexion. Thereafter, 20  mL of normal saline was injected into the knee joint of the experimental group. Quadriceps torque and RMS values were again measured. RESULTS: Five subjects did not complete the study. No significant difference in quadriceps peak torque or RMS of EMG activity was observed at baseline, pre-effusion, or post-effusion measures in either group. The experimental group showed no significant change in quadriceps peak torque or RMS of EMG activity in any period compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that a 20  ml joint effusion did not affect peak torque or RMS values of the quadriceps muscle in @entity0 with knee @entity1 .

title: Effects of joint effusion on quadriceps muscles in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of knee effusion on the quadriceps muscle in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity1 ). DESIGN: Single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Single medical center. @entity0 : Forty subjects with knee @entity1 were assigned to a experimental (n  =  20) or control (n  =  20) group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quadriceps torque and root mean square (RMS) values of surface electromyography (EMG) of the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles were measured during a maximal isometric contraction at 60   knee flexion. Thereafter, 20  mL of normal saline was injected into the knee joint of the experimental group. Quadriceps torque and RMS values were again measured. RESULTS: Five subjects did not complete the study. No significant difference in quadriceps peak torque or RMS of EMG activity was observed at baseline, pre-effusion, or post-effusion measures in either group. The experimental group showed no significant change in quadriceps peak torque or RMS of EMG activity in any period compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that a 20  ml joint effusion did not affect peak torque or RMS values of the quadriceps muscle in @entity0 with knee @entity1 .

title: Effects of joint effusion on quadriceps muscles in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Disruption of the axonal transport of neurotrophic factors plays a critical role in the apoptosis of @entity4 cells (RGCs) in @entity2 . Live-cell imaging in vitro was used in this study, to visualize and evaluate the axonal transport of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in both living and axon-damaged RGCs. METHODS: @entity0 RGCs were purified by a two-step immunopanning method. Cultivated RGCs were transfected with a plasmid encoding @entity3 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP), and the dynamics of @entity3 in the axons and dendrites were analyzed by time-lapse imaging. Changes in the axonal transport of @entity3 were examined after treatment with 1 mM @entity5 , and @entity1 after treatment was evaluated with @entity6 homodimer-1. RESULTS: The expression of @entity3 showed a vesicular pattern in the axons and dendrites of cultivated RGCs. Time-lapse imaging revealed that the mean velocity of @entity3 in the axons (0.86    0.37  m/s; maximum = 2.03  m/s) was significantly greater (P < 0.0001) than that in the dendrites (mean = 0.49    0.19  m/s). @entity5 significantly inhibited the axonal transport of @entity3 -GFP at 2 and 3 hours after treatment (P = 0.003 and 0.0002, respectively) without affecting cell viability; however, @entity1 was detected 24 hours after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Live-cell imaging revealed the dynamics of the axonal transport of @entity3 in living RGCs, which clearly differed from the movements in dendrites. Furthermore, it was possible to confirm the disruption of axonal transport in @entity5 -treated RGCs before cell death.

title: Dynamic imaging of axonal transport in living XXXX cells in vitro.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In comparison to more differentiated cells, @entity4 stem-like cells are radioresistant, which could explain radio-recurrent @entity4 . Improvement of radiotherapeutic efficacy may therefore require combination therapy. We have investigated the consequences of treating primary prostate epithelial cells with gamma irradiation and photodynamic therapy (PDT), both of which act through production of reactive @entity1 species (ROS). Primary prostate epithelial cells were cultured from @entity0 samples of @entity5 and @entity4 prior to treatment with PDT or gamma irradiation. Cell viability was measured using @entity3 and alamar blue assay, and cell recovery by colony-forming assays. Immunofluorescence of gamma-H2AX foci was used to quantify DNA damage, and autophagy and apoptosis were assessed using Western blots. Necrosis and senescence were measured by @entity7 staining and @entity6 staining, respectively. Both PDT and gamma irradiation reduced the colony-forming ability of primary prostate epithelial cells. PDT reduced the viability of all types of cells in the cultures, including stem-like cells and more differentiated cells. PDT induced @entity2 and autophagy, whereas gamma irradiation induced senescence, but neither treatment induced apoptosis. PDT and gamma irradiation therefore inhibit cell growth by different mechanisms. We suggest these treatments would be suitable for use in combination as sequential treatments against @entity4 .

title: Mechanisms of growth inhibition of primary prostate epithelial cells following gamma irradiation or photodynamic therapy include senescence, XXXX , and autophagy, but not apoptosis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Comparison of functional radiographs in consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 with or without @entity1 on sitting down and relieved by standing up. OBJECTIVES: To detect radiologic signs possibly associated with a clinical symptom. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: No link has been established between increased vertebral mobility and a specific @entity1 pattern or a clinical symptom. METHODS: Forty-two @entity0 seen consecutively with @entity2 occurring immediately on sitting down and relieved on standing up were compared with 32 controls whose @entity2 did not show this pattern. Dynamic radiographs were taken in extension, erect, flexion, and sitting in the @entity1 position. The segments thought to be responsible for the @entity1 were identified by comparing clinical, radiographic, and magnetic resonance data. Endplate angles, rotation, and translation were measured. The radiographs were read twice each by two independent observers. RESULTS: Eighty-six percent (95% confidence interval, 72-99%) of the @entity0 with the symptom were female. The segments identified as the source of @entity1 were as follows: L4-L5 in 20 cases and L1-L2 to L3-L4 in 22 cases. Mean rotation of these segments was 13.9 +/- 4.5 degrees in the @entity0 group versus 7.5 +/- 4.3 degrees in the control group (P < 0.001). In 14% of the @entity0 (vs. 3% of controls), it exceeded 20 degrees (P = 0.13). Anterior or posterior translation >10% was seen in 31% of the @entity0 (vs. 0% of controls; P < 0.001). In flexion, the endplate angle was -5.2 +/- 3.6 degrees ( @entity0 ) versus 1.2 +/- 5.7 degrees (controls) (P < 0.01) and <-5 degrees in 55% of @entity0 versus 12.5% of controls (P < 0.001). This value of <-5 degrees was associated with marked anterior loss of disc space. CONCLUSION: @entity2 occurring immediately on sitting down and relieved on standing up was statistically associated with instability (specificity 100%, sensitivity 31%) or marked anterior loss of disc space in flexion (specificity 87%, sensitivity 55%).

title: XXXX immediately upon sitting down and relieved by standing up is often associated with radiologic lumbar instability or marked anterior loss of disc space.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In a retrospective study of @entity0 18 years of age and younger over a 28-year period, 48 @entity0 had @entity10 . @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity7 were present in 90%. @entity14 was present in 34 @entity0 ; elevated amylase/creatinine clearance ratio was helpful in diagnosing ten others. In four @entity0 , @entity10 was diagnosed at laparotomy. Etiology of the @entity10 was @entity11 in 16, drug-induced in 12, all of whom had received corticosteroids. Nine developed @entity10 after @entity2 ; seven had obstruction of the pancreaticobiliary drainage system. Two @entity0 developed @entity10 in association with @entity5 , and two had recurrent @entity12 . Thirty of the 48 @entity0 were managed nonoperatively while operations were required in 18. Seven had drainage of @entity13 , four had a pancreatectomy, and four underwent laparotomy with debridement and @entity1 . Bilioenteric bypass procedures were performed to prevent recurrent @entity10 in three @entity0 ; while duodenojenjunostomy sphincteroplasty and cholecystectomy were performed in one @entity0 each. Cure was achieved in 38 of 48 @entity0 treated for @entity10 and its complications; each subsequently grew and developed normally. @entity9 occurred in seven @entity0 , six of whom died. Seven @entity4 occurred, all in the medically treated group. Fifteen of the 18 @entity0 treated operatively did well in long-term follow-up. Although rare, @entity10 is a serious cause of @entity8 in childhood; almost half of the @entity0 will benefit from operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Surgical management of XXXX in childhood.

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the relapse pattern and influence of second-line treatment after recurrence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 who had previously undergone multimodality treatment. METHODS: Between September 1999 and December 2013, 136 @entity0 underwent macroscopic complete resection (MCR) by extrapleural pneumonectomy after induction chemotherapy for @entity4 . We analysed 106 @entity0 who presented with recurrent disease until October 2014. Data were retrieved from our @entity3 database, with additional information regarding precise localization gathered by reviewing the imaging and medical records. RESULTS: The overall recurrence rate was 78% (106/136 @entity0 ). The median freedom from recurrence was 9 months after surgery [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 7-10]. Local recurrence only was observed in 33 @entity0 (31%), distant metastases only in 27 @entity0 (26%) and simultaneous distant and local recurrence in 46 @entity0 (43%). Local recurrence was observed significantly less frequently in @entity0 having received adjuvant radiotherapy (19 vs 47%, P = 0.003), but there was no significant impact on overall survival (OS) [radiation: 22 months (95% CI 19-24); no-radiation: 23 months (95% CI 18-27), P = 0.6]. The median OS was 22 months (95% CI 21-24), median @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was 7 months (95% CI 5-9) and @entity0 with local recurrence only survived significantly longer (12 months, 95% CI 8-16) compared with @entity0 with distant recurrence only (5 months, 95% CI 2-8) or distant plus local relapse (6 months, 95% CI 3-9; P = 0.04). A total of 78 @entity0 received a second-line therapy after @entity1 recurrence: chemotherapy (n = 48), local radiotherapy (n = 9), surgery (n = 10) or a combination thereof (n = 11). @entity0 undergoing second-line treatment survived significantly longer compared with @entity0 not receiving therapy (P < 0.0005). The median @entity2 after surgery was significantly longer than that of @entity0 receiving chemo-, radio- or chemo-radiotherapy (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Local recurrence of @entity4 remains the most frequent type of relapse even after multimodality treatment including MCR. In the present cohort, active treatment seems beneficial to the @entity0 since surgical excision of local @entity1 relapse has good long-term outcome in selected @entity0 . Thus, second-line treatment may prolong @entity2 ; however, these results need to be confirmed in a prospective manner.

title: Relapse pattern and second-line treatment following multimodality treatment for XXXX   .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The paper reviews occurrence, diagnostic tools venous @entity2 . Cost effectiveness of preventive measures for @entity1 and @entity4 in general surgery is analysed. The study included 45 @entity0 who underwent elective (21) and urgent (24) abdominal and pelvic interventions. Each @entity0 was examined with ultrasonic with color Doppler imaging before and 8-10 days after surgery. @entity3 of lower limbs was diagnosed in 11.1%, most of cases being asymptomatic. Ultrasonic angioscanning appeared to be an acute and reliable diagnostic tool for this pathology. Various approaches to the management of @entity0 at thrombotic risk are reviewed. Cost effectiveness analysis of anticoagulation prevention for @entity5 must address the problem: is prevention outcome worth those extra efforts? Surveillance of 500 @entity0 at high thrombotic risk has shown that preventive use of low weight heparin ( @entity6 ) is economically beneficial then conventional @entity7 , the more in the absence of special preventive strategy. Targeted prevention in @entity0 with different risk of @entity5 can yield more then 3-fold reduction in occurrence of these complications.

title: [The problem of XXXX in general surgery].

answer: @entity5


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: In vivo feline preparation groups loaded into lumbar flexion at different magnitudes and an unloaded control group. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that a static, constant load flexion of the lumbar spine results in a @entity3 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Epidemiology suggests that static lumbar flexion is a cause of @entity1 . There is little direct experimental evidence describing the physiologic and biomechanical processes that elicit the disorder. Recent evidence shows that static flexion of the spine under constant displacement results in muscular @entity2 and a prolonged recovery period. The response of the spine to flexion under constant load of various magnitudes (as opposed to constant displacement) is not known. It was hypothesized that static lumbar flexion under constant load may elicit creep in spinal ligaments, discs, etc., causing microdamage and development of a @entity3 . METHODS: The lumbar spine of the feline was subjected to 20 minutes of constant load static flexion at physiologic load intensities from light to heavy while creep of lumbar viscoelastic tissues and EMG from the multifidus muscles of L3-L4 to L5-L6 were recorded. Recordings were continued over a 7-hour rest period after the static flexion was terminated. RESULTS: Spasms and decreasing reflexive EMG were evident during the loading period, and a transient surge of EMG activity occurred at the beginning of the rest period. A second surge of EMG activity was seen 3-4 hours later. The four components of the @entity3 were present regardless of the load magnitude. A model was developed to quantify the disorder. CONCLUSION: @entity3 was elicited by a 20-minute constant load static flexion even when very light loads were applied. The disorder was elicited by creep of the viscoelastic tissues, which resulted in @entity2 and muscular hyperexcitability lasting for >24 hours. Although the disorder was transient, the physiologic and biomechanical principles associated with its development could also explain cumulative @entity0 .

title: Biomechanics and electromyography of a common XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The early phase after liver transplant is considered the period of greatest risk for graft failure. In recent years breath tests have been proposed as a non-invasive method to assess liver function. In particular, the @entity3 breath test is useful for evaluating the liver viable mass, and the @entity1 breath test could be used to evaluate oxidative capacity of liver mitochondria. We aimed to perform these tests in the early phase following liver transplant in order to correlate the time course of these tests to the outcome of transplantation. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity0 undergoing liver transplant were enrolled. The @entity1 and @entity3 breath tests were performed on the days 1, 3 and 5, and 2, 4 and 6, respectively, after transplant. Results were expressed as the percentage of administered @entity2 recovered per hour and as the cumulative percentage of the @entity2 dose recovered over the test period. RESULTS: All but two transplants were successful in the short term and the cumulative percentage of the dose of @entity2 progressively increased after transplantation, reaching values not significantly different from controls ( @entity1 at day 5). In two @entity0 , primary non-function occurred: in these @entity0 the cumulative percentage of the @entity2 dose did not increase after orthotopic liver transplant and the results of both breath tests indicated that it always remained significantly lower compared to that of other @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: A combination of breath tests, exploring both mitochondrial and microsomal function, could be useful in the early phase after liver transplant in order to evaluate the graft outcome.

title: Quantitative evaluation of liver function by the XXXX and @entity3 breath tests in the early stages of liver transplantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The early phase after liver transplant is considered the period of greatest risk for graft failure. In recent years breath tests have been proposed as a non-invasive method to assess liver function. In particular, the @entity3 breath test is useful for evaluating the liver viable mass, and the @entity1 breath test could be used to evaluate oxidative capacity of liver mitochondria. We aimed to perform these tests in the early phase following liver transplant in order to correlate the time course of these tests to the outcome of transplantation. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity0 undergoing liver transplant were enrolled. The @entity1 and @entity3 breath tests were performed on the days 1, 3 and 5, and 2, 4 and 6, respectively, after transplant. Results were expressed as the percentage of administered @entity2 recovered per hour and as the cumulative percentage of the @entity2 dose recovered over the test period. RESULTS: All but two transplants were successful in the short term and the cumulative percentage of the dose of @entity2 progressively increased after transplantation, reaching values not significantly different from controls ( @entity1 at day 5). In two @entity0 , primary non-function occurred: in these @entity0 the cumulative percentage of the @entity2 dose did not increase after orthotopic liver transplant and the results of both breath tests indicated that it always remained significantly lower compared to that of other @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: A combination of breath tests, exploring both mitochondrial and microsomal function, could be useful in the early phase after liver transplant in order to evaluate the graft outcome.

title: Quantitative evaluation of liver function by the @entity1 and XXXX breath tests in the early stages of liver transplantation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 can be genetically determined and/or part of complex syndromes. When the defect is detected during pregnancy, it important to rule out an associated @entity0 . Family history and detailed examination of fetal anatomy are needed. DISCUSSION: @entity1 , as well as @entity3 (especially polydactyly) are strong indicators of a @entity0 in the context of a fetal @entity2 . A standard chromosomal analysis is needed in all cases. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques using locus-specific probes that permit the detection of subtle chromosomal rearrangements and metabolic analyses may be indicated when a specific condition is suspected. As for molecular analyses, they have so far been mainly applicable to pregnancies at risk of a known disorder because of family history. The diagnosis consists of determining whether the fetus has inherited the causative mutation identified in the index case. When termination of pregnancy is elicited, a careful prenatal and postnatal examination is needed in order to give accurate genetic counseling for further pregnancies. Storage of fetal material allowing further molecular analyses is strongly recommended.

title: Screening for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Previously using a series of monovalent vaccines, we demonstrated that the optimal method for inducing an antibody response against @entity0 cell-surface antigens is covalent conjugation of the antigens to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and the use of a @entity3 adjuvant. We have prepared a heptavalent-KLH conjugate vaccine containing the seven epithelial @entity0 antigens GM2, Globo H, Lewis(y), TF(c), @entity7 , @entity6 (c), and glycosylated @entity2 . In preparation for testing this vaccine in the clinic, we tested the impact on antibody induction of administering the individual conjugates plus adjuvant compared with a mixture of the seven conjugates plus adjuvant, and of several variables thought to augment immunogenicity. These include approaches for decreasing suppressor cell activity or increasing helper T-lymphocyte activity (low dose @entity1 or anti- @entity4 MAb), different @entity3 adjuvants at various doses ( @entity8 and @entity9 ), and different methods of formulation (lyophilization and use of @entity5 80). We find that: (1). Immunization with the heptavalent-KLH conjugate plus @entity9 vaccine induces antibodies against the seven antigens of comparable titer to those induced by the individual-KLH conjugate vaccines, high titers of antibodies against Tn (median ELISA titer IgM/IgG 320/10240), @entity6 (640/5120), TF (320/10240), @entity2 (80/20480), and globo H (640/40); while lower titers of antibodies against Lewis(y)()(160/0) and only occasional antibodies against GM2 are induced. (2). These antibodies reacted with the purified synthetic antigens by ELISA, and with naturally expressed antigens on the @entity0 cell surface by FACS. (3). None of the approaches for further altering the suppressor cell/helper T-cell balance nor changes to the standard formulation by lyophilization or use of @entity5 80 had any impact on antibody titers. (4). An optimal dose of @entity3 adjuvant, @entity8 (50 microg) or @entity9 (1000 microg), is required for optimal antibody titers. This heptavalent vaccine is sufficiently optimized for testing in the clinic.

title: A preclinical study comparing approaches for augmenting the immunogenicity of a heptavalent KLH-conjugate vaccine against XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) can provide insights into @entity0 survivors' physical and mental functioning, their social relationships, and perceptions of their health and well-being. Understanding factors associated with HRQOL may help identify those who are at greater risk for diminished functioning and improve targeted delivery of health promotion programs. This analysis sought to assess sociodemographic and medical factors associated with HRQOL among @entity1 survivors and factors that may put survivors at risk for poor functioning. In addition, associations between BMI and physical activity and HRQOL were explored. METHODS: Data from a cross-sectional study of health behaviors among 593 long-term @entity1 survivors recruited through the California @entity0 Registry in early 2010 were analyzed in late 2014 to early 2015. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with physical, mental, and overall HRQOL. RESULTS: The mean physical and mental HRQOL scores of survivors were 46.88 and 42.28, respectively, and lower than the population norm (50). Being older, having more comorbid conditions, and having had a recurrence were associated with lower physical and overall HRQOL, whereas being physically active was associated with higher physical and overall HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the need to encourage healthcare providers to promote physical activity among sedentary @entity0 survivors, even at modest levels. In addition, lower mental HRQOL scores may indicate a greater need to screen @entity0 survivors for psychosocial issues and link them with appropriate services.

title: Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life Among XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS AND HYPOTHESES: JEVIN ( Jena's St. Vincent Trial) is a prospective, 10-year follow-up, population-based survey of all insulin-treated @entity0 with type 1 and @entity1 aged 16-60 years and living in the city of Jena (100,000 inhabitants), Thuringia. It aims to show the effects of recent changes in the health care system and new treatment strategies. During the period from 1989/90 to 1994/95, the health care system was decentralized. There has been an broad implementation of postgraduate educational courses for primary care physicians, of structured @entity2 ( @entity2 ), of intensified insulin therapy, and blood @entity3 self-monitoring for all @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: 190 @entity0 (83% of the target population), 244 @entity0 (90%) and 261 @entity0 (90%) were studied in 1989/90, 1994/95 and 1999/2000, respectively. RESULTS: Up to 1994/95, the relative HbA(1c) (HbA(1c)/mean normal) of @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 increased (1994/95: 1.65 +/- 0.35 vs. 1989/90: 1.52 +/- 0.31; p = 0.002). For @entity0 with @entity1 it remained constant (1.75 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.78 +/- 0.31; p = 0.669). During the period from 1994/95 to 1999/2000, there was a substantial improvement in the relative HbA(1c) of both, @entity0 with type 1 (1.48 +/- 0.3; p < 0.0001), and type 2 @entity1 (1.47 +/- 0.25; p < 0.0001). Up to 1999/2000, 87.7% of the @entity0 with type 1 (1989/90: 0%, 1994/95: 73.2%) and 96.6% of the @entity0 with type 2 @entity1 (1989/90: 0%, 1994/95: 89.7%) participated in TTPs. Similarly, the percentage of @entity0 with intensified insulin therapy (type 1/2: 1989/90: 5.3%/3.4%, 1994/95: 80.3%/30.8%, 1999/2000: 94.7%/48.3%) and the frequency of weekly blood @entity3 self-monitoring (type 1/2: 1989/90: 1 [0-28]/0 [0-21], 1994/95: 25 [0-49]/14 [0-35], 1999/2000: 28 [0-70]/21 [0-46]) increased. Moreover, there was a drastic improvement in private health care: up to 1999/2000, about 90% of all the @entity0 studied were treated by primary care physicians who took part in postgraduate educational courses. CONCLUSIONS: During the past decade, there has been a substantial improvement in the quality of @entity1 control. The broad implementation of structured TTPs, intensified insulin therapy, and blood @entity3 self-monitoring for @entity0 with type 1 and 2 @entity1 seem to be the major cornerstones for the improved quality of @entity1 care. However, the impressive improvement in the quality of @entity1 care in @entity0 with @entity1 seems not to be related mainly to an increase (about 10% vs. 20% in type 1 @entity1 ) in the number of @entity0 under specialist care, but rather to an improvement in the quality of @entity1 therapy administered by private health care physicians.

title: [Structured @entity2 and an improvement in private health care lead to a better quality of XXXX care. JEVIN, a population-based trial 1989/90 up to 1999/2000].

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS AND HYPOTHESES: JEVIN ( Jena's St. Vincent Trial) is a prospective, 10-year follow-up, population-based survey of all insulin-treated @entity0 with type 1 and @entity1 aged 16-60 years and living in the city of Jena (100,000 inhabitants), Thuringia. It aims to show the effects of recent changes in the health care system and new treatment strategies. During the period from 1989/90 to 1994/95, the health care system was decentralized. There has been an broad implementation of postgraduate educational courses for primary care physicians, of structured @entity2 ( @entity2 ), of intensified insulin therapy, and blood @entity3 self-monitoring for all @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: 190 @entity0 (83% of the target population), 244 @entity0 (90%) and 261 @entity0 (90%) were studied in 1989/90, 1994/95 and 1999/2000, respectively. RESULTS: Up to 1994/95, the relative HbA(1c) (HbA(1c)/mean normal) of @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 increased (1994/95: 1.65 +/- 0.35 vs. 1989/90: 1.52 +/- 0.31; p = 0.002). For @entity0 with @entity1 it remained constant (1.75 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.78 +/- 0.31; p = 0.669). During the period from 1994/95 to 1999/2000, there was a substantial improvement in the relative HbA(1c) of both, @entity0 with type 1 (1.48 +/- 0.3; p < 0.0001), and type 2 @entity1 (1.47 +/- 0.25; p < 0.0001). Up to 1999/2000, 87.7% of the @entity0 with type 1 (1989/90: 0%, 1994/95: 73.2%) and 96.6% of the @entity0 with type 2 @entity1 (1989/90: 0%, 1994/95: 89.7%) participated in TTPs. Similarly, the percentage of @entity0 with intensified insulin therapy (type 1/2: 1989/90: 5.3%/3.4%, 1994/95: 80.3%/30.8%, 1999/2000: 94.7%/48.3%) and the frequency of weekly blood @entity3 self-monitoring (type 1/2: 1989/90: 1 [0-28]/0 [0-21], 1994/95: 25 [0-49]/14 [0-35], 1999/2000: 28 [0-70]/21 [0-46]) increased. Moreover, there was a drastic improvement in private health care: up to 1999/2000, about 90% of all the @entity0 studied were treated by primary care physicians who took part in postgraduate educational courses. CONCLUSIONS: During the past decade, there has been a substantial improvement in the quality of @entity1 control. The broad implementation of structured TTPs, intensified insulin therapy, and blood @entity3 self-monitoring for @entity0 with type 1 and 2 @entity1 seem to be the major cornerstones for the improved quality of @entity1 care. However, the impressive improvement in the quality of @entity1 care in @entity0 with @entity1 seems not to be related mainly to an increase (about 10% vs. 20% in type 1 @entity1 ) in the number of @entity0 under specialist care, but rather to an improvement in the quality of @entity1 therapy administered by private health care physicians.

title: [Structured XXXX and an improvement in private health care lead to a better quality of @entity1 care. JEVIN, a population-based trial 1989/90 up to 1999/2000].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared the oncologic outcomes of radical nephroureterectomy, distal ureterectomy and endoscopic surgery for elective treatment of clinically organ confined upper tract @entity2 of the distal ureter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From a multi-institutional collaborative database we identified 304 @entity0 with unifocal, clinically organ confined @entity2 of the distal ureter and bilateral functional kidneys. Rates of overall, @entity1 specific, local recurrence-free and intravesical recurrence-free survival according to surgery type were compared using Kaplan-Meier statistics. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the adjusted outcomes of radical nephroureterectomy, distal ureterectomy and endoscopic surgery. RESULTS: Overall 128 (42.1%), 134 (44.1%) and 42 @entity0 (13.8%) were treated with radical nephroureterectomy, distal ureterectomy and endoscopic surgery, respectively. Although rates of overall, @entity1 specific and intravesical recurrence-free survival were equivalent among the 3 surgical procedures, 5-year local recurrence-free survival was lower for endoscopic surgery (35.7%) than for nephroureterectomy (95.0%, p <0.001) or ureterectomy (85.5%, p = 0.01) with no significant difference between nephroureterectomy and distal ureterectomy. On multivariable analyses only endoscopic surgery was an independent predictor of decreased local recurrence-free survival compared to nephroureterectomy (HR 1.27, p = 0.001) or distal ureterectomy (HR 1.14, p = 0.01). Distal ureterectomy and endoscopic surgery did not significantly correlate to @entity1 specific or intravesical recurrence-free survival. However, when adjustment was made for ASA(  ) (American Society of Anesthesiologists(  )) score, distal ureterectomy (HR 0.80, p = 0.01) and endoscopic surgery (HR 0.84, p = 0.02) were independent predictors of increased overall survival, although no significant difference was found between them. CONCLUSIONS: Because of better oncologic outcomes, distal ureterectomy could be considered the elective first line treatment of clinically organ confined @entity2 of the distal ureter.

title: Oncologic Outcomes of Kidney Sparing Surgery versus Radical Nephroureterectomy for the Elective Treatment of Clinically Organ Confined Upper Tract XXXX of the Distal Ureter.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: An immediate repair is considered optimal in acute biliary duct injuries; however, it may prove to be a challenge, because such repairs are usually performed on small ducts whose viability cannot always be determined. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the charts of @entity0 with acute @entity5 who underwent repair at a tertiary care academic university hospital. A total of 204 @entity0 with acute @entity5 were seen between 1989 and 2002. Of these, 30 were repaired within minutes to hours after the injury. These @entity0 were divided into two groups. Group I @entity0 had a Roux-en-Y hepatojejunostomy below the hepatic junction; Group II @entity0 had a Roux-en-Y hepatojejunostomy at the junction level. We then performed a long-term evaluation of @entity3 function in these @entity0 , using clinical, radiological, and laboratory. RESULTS: Twenty-eight injuries were secondary to a laparoscopy; the other two resulted from open cholecystectomies. All of the @entity0 suffered @entity2 with complete section of the duct and substance loss (Strasberg E). There were 12 @entity0 in group I and 18 in group II. Three cases in group I (25%) and one in group II (5%) developed @entity3 dysfunction. Mean follow-up was 56 months (range, 12-80) in group I and 52 months (range, 10-76) in group II. Two cases in group I (16%) and none in group II (0) required reoperation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the acute setting, complex lesions should be treated with a high bilioenteric @entity3 (at the junction level) in the first attempt at repair. Lower-level anastomoses are associated with a higher dysfunction rate and the need for radiological manipulation and reoperation. Also, @entity4 of the @entity3 secondary to undetected duct @entity1 in the acute repair is more frequent in low bilioenteric anastomoses.

title: Acute XXXX . The need for a high repair.

answer: @entity5


abstract: These experiments examined the effects, on retention, of posttraining intra-amygdala administration of @entity1 (NE), and @entity2 . @entity0 were trained on a one-trial step-through inhibitory avoidance task and tested for retention 24 h later. Injections were administered bilaterally (1.0 microliter/injection) through chronically-implanted cannulae. Low doses of NE (0.1 or 0.3 microgram) administered shortly after training enhanced retention while higher doses (1.0 or 5.0 micrograms) were ineffective. Retention was not affected by NE administered 3 h after training. The effect of intra-amygdala NE on retention is blocked by simultaneous administration of @entity2 (0.2 microgram). This finding suggests that the memory-enhancing effect of NE may be mediated by beta-receptors. Posttraining intra-amygdala NE also attenuated the retention deficit produced by adrenal demedullation. Further, intra-amygdala injections of @entity2 (0.2 microgram) blocked the enhancing effect, on retention, of posttraining s.c. injections of @entity3 . These findings suggest that activation of noradrenergic receptors in the amygdala may be involved in memory processing and may play a role in the memory-modulating effect of peripheral @entity3 .

title: Modulating effects of posttraining XXXX on memory: involvement of the amygdala noradrenergic system.

answer: @entity3


abstract: It has been shown that @entity5 and @entity3 -synthase activities are present in chromatin and they modify the @entity3 (SM) content. The activity of the first enzyme is stimulated and the second inhibited, when the hepatocytes enter into the S-phase after partial hepatectomy, thus suggesting that @entity2 may have a pivotal role in cell proliferation. An opposite function was attributed to @entity2 in hepatocytes which undergo apoptosis after lobular ligature. In order to clarify this point, a model was developed in which the same liver cells undergo proliferation followed by induced apoptosis. To this purpose, the @entity0 were treated for 7 days with @entity4 and then left without treatment for 4 days. During the treatment, the peroxisome enzyme markers increase their activity and the number of proliferating cells increases, reaching a maximum after 3 days of treatment, as shown by the number of cells positive for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen. At the same time, the chromatin sphingomyelinase activity reaches the maximum, while a similar increase is not found in the cytoplasm or in the isolated nuclei. On the contrary, SM-synthase activity is depressed in chromatin, but not in the nuclei in which a peak is shown after 3 days of @entity4 treatment. After drug withdrawal, the hepatocytes undergo apoptosis as confirmed by the increase of @entity1 and tissue transglutaminase (tTGase) expression; the chromatin SM increases as a consequence of an increase of SM-synthase activity. It can be hypothesised that chromatin SM may have a role in cell duplication by influencing the chromatin structure stability.

title: Chromatin XXXX changes in cell proliferation and/or apoptosis induced by @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: It has been shown that @entity5 and @entity3 -synthase activities are present in chromatin and they modify the @entity3 (SM) content. The activity of the first enzyme is stimulated and the second inhibited, when the hepatocytes enter into the S-phase after partial hepatectomy, thus suggesting that @entity2 may have a pivotal role in cell proliferation. An opposite function was attributed to @entity2 in hepatocytes which undergo apoptosis after lobular ligature. In order to clarify this point, a model was developed in which the same liver cells undergo proliferation followed by induced apoptosis. To this purpose, the @entity0 were treated for 7 days with @entity4 and then left without treatment for 4 days. During the treatment, the peroxisome enzyme markers increase their activity and the number of proliferating cells increases, reaching a maximum after 3 days of treatment, as shown by the number of cells positive for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen. At the same time, the chromatin sphingomyelinase activity reaches the maximum, while a similar increase is not found in the cytoplasm or in the isolated nuclei. On the contrary, SM-synthase activity is depressed in chromatin, but not in the nuclei in which a peak is shown after 3 days of @entity4 treatment. After drug withdrawal, the hepatocytes undergo apoptosis as confirmed by the increase of @entity1 and tissue transglutaminase (tTGase) expression; the chromatin SM increases as a consequence of an increase of SM-synthase activity. It can be hypothesised that chromatin SM may have a role in cell duplication by influencing the chromatin structure stability.

title: Chromatin @entity3 changes in cell proliferation and/or apoptosis induced by XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 and @entity4 are major @entity1 risk factors. To modify them, @entity0 often need to adopt healthier lifestyles and adhere to prescribed medications. However, @entity0 ' adherence to recommended treatments has been suboptimal. Reducing out-of-pocket costs (ROPC) to @entity0 may improve medication adherence and consequently improve health outcomes. This Community Guide systematic review examined the effectiveness of ROPC for medications prescribed for @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity4 . METHODS: We assessed effectiveness and economics of ROPC for medications to treat @entity2 , @entity4 , or both. Per Community Guide review methods, reviewers identified, evaluated, and summarized available evidence published from January 1980 through July 2015. RESULTS: Eighteen studies were included in the analysis. ROPC interventions resulted in increased medication adherence for @entity0 taking blood pressure and @entity3 medications by a median of 3.0 percentage points; proportion achieving 80% adherence to medication increased by 5.1 percentage points. Blood pressure and @entity3 outcomes also improved. Nine studies were included in the economic review, with a median intervention cost of  172 per @entity0 per year and a median change in health care cost of - 127 per @entity0 per year. CONCLUSION: ROPC for medications to treat @entity2 and @entity4 is effective in increasing medication adherence, and, thus, improving blood pressure and @entity3 outcomes. Most ROPC interventions are implemented in combination with evidence-based health care interventions such as team-based care with medication counseling. An overall conclusion about the economics of the intervention could not be reached with the small body of inconsistent cost-benefit evidence.

title: Reducing Medication Costs to Prevent XXXX : A Community Guide Systematic Review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To use audit to inform the local implementation of a national clinical guideline for the prevention of @entity2 in @entity1 . DESIGN: Computer and @entity0 record search in hospital and general practice to determine levels of morbidity and follow-up. Questionnaire to each practice to determine models and techniques of eye screening. SETTING: Ayrshire and Arran Health Board area, Scotland. SUBJECTS: All known @entity1 @entity0 . MAIN MEASURES: Proportion of @entity1 @entity0 who have had @entity1 eye review and monitoring of risk factors within one year. Proportion of @entity1 @entity0 who have risk factors recorded within target level. Proportion of eye screening centres with recommended mechanisms in place. RESULTS: Both district general hospitals, and 59 of the 63 general practices, in the area took part in the audit. A total of 6,217 @entity1 @entity0 were included; the prevalence of @entity1 in this population was 1.65%. Twenty-seven per cent were insulin treated. Seventy-two per cent of diabetics who were not registered blind had a record of having had fundoscopy performed through dilated pupils within one year. Sixty-nine per cent of those who were not registered blind had had corrected visual acuity measured within one year. Eighty-five per cent of diabetics had HbA1C recorded within one year and of these 65% had a level of 8% or less. Eighty-eight per cent had a blood pressure recording within twelve months and 52% of recorded pressures were 140/90 mmHg or less. Smoking status was recorded for 89% of @entity0 and 75% of @entity0 with a record were non-smokers. Representatives of 57 practices returned a completed questionnaire. All these practices had a Snellen chart, but only 83% had near vision testing equipment and only 54% had a pinhole occluder. CONCLUSIONS: An area wide collaborative audit provided local data to inform the process of guideline implementation and baseline data from which to evaluate this process. Wide stakeholder involvement increased interest, motivation and support for the process. The audit highlighted specific areas for change and provided the local stimulus for change.

title: Use of collaborative audit to assist local implementation of the SIGN guideline for prevention of XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To use audit to inform the local implementation of a national clinical guideline for the prevention of @entity2 in @entity1 . DESIGN: Computer and @entity0 record search in hospital and general practice to determine levels of morbidity and follow-up. Questionnaire to each practice to determine models and techniques of eye screening. SETTING: Ayrshire and Arran Health Board area, Scotland. SUBJECTS: All known @entity1 @entity0 . MAIN MEASURES: Proportion of @entity1 @entity0 who have had @entity1 eye review and monitoring of risk factors within one year. Proportion of @entity1 @entity0 who have risk factors recorded within target level. Proportion of eye screening centres with recommended mechanisms in place. RESULTS: Both district general hospitals, and 59 of the 63 general practices, in the area took part in the audit. A total of 6,217 @entity1 @entity0 were included; the prevalence of @entity1 in this population was 1.65%. Twenty-seven per cent were insulin treated. Seventy-two per cent of diabetics who were not registered blind had a record of having had fundoscopy performed through dilated pupils within one year. Sixty-nine per cent of those who were not registered blind had had corrected visual acuity measured within one year. Eighty-five per cent of diabetics had HbA1C recorded within one year and of these 65% had a level of 8% or less. Eighty-eight per cent had a blood pressure recording within twelve months and 52% of recorded pressures were 140/90 mmHg or less. Smoking status was recorded for 89% of @entity0 and 75% of @entity0 with a record were non-smokers. Representatives of 57 practices returned a completed questionnaire. All these practices had a Snellen chart, but only 83% had near vision testing equipment and only 54% had a pinhole occluder. CONCLUSIONS: An area wide collaborative audit provided local data to inform the process of guideline implementation and baseline data from which to evaluate this process. Wide stakeholder involvement increased interest, motivation and support for the process. The audit highlighted specific areas for change and provided the local stimulus for change.

title: Use of collaborative audit to assist local implementation of the SIGN guideline for prevention of @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 is the most frequently diagnosed health problem in @entity2 yet little is known about the bacterial species important for the disease. The objective of this study was to identify bacterial species associated with health, @entity5 or mild @entity4 (<25% attachment loss) in feline plaque. Knowledge of these species is a first step in understanding the potential for improving oral health of @entity2 via dietary interventions that alter the proportions of influential species. @entity3 samples were collected from 92 @entity2 with healthy gingiva, @entity5 or mild @entity4 . Pyrosequencing of the V1-V3 region of the 16S rDNA from these plaque samples generated more than one million reads and identified a total of 267 operational taxonomic units after bioinformatic and statistical analysis. Porphyromonas was the most abundant genus in all gingival health categories, particularly in health along with Moraxella and Fusobacteria. The Peptostreptococcaceae were the most abundant family in @entity5 and mild @entity4 . Logistic regression analysis identified species from various genera that were significantly associated with health, @entity5 or mild @entity4 . The species identified were very similar to those observed in @entity1 plaque in the corresponding health and disease states. Such similarities were not observed between cat and @entity0 at the bacterial species level but with disease progression similarities did emerge at the phylum level. This suggests that interventions targeted at @entity0 pathogenic species will not be effective for use in @entity2 but there is more potential for commonalities in interventions for @entity2 and @entity1 .

title: A Pyrosequencing Investigation of Differences in the Feline Subgingival Microbiota in Health, @entity5 and Mild XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 is the most frequently diagnosed health problem in @entity2 yet little is known about the bacterial species important for the disease. The objective of this study was to identify bacterial species associated with health, @entity5 or mild @entity4 (<25% attachment loss) in feline plaque. Knowledge of these species is a first step in understanding the potential for improving oral health of @entity2 via dietary interventions that alter the proportions of influential species. @entity3 samples were collected from 92 @entity2 with healthy gingiva, @entity5 or mild @entity4 . Pyrosequencing of the V1-V3 region of the 16S rDNA from these plaque samples generated more than one million reads and identified a total of 267 operational taxonomic units after bioinformatic and statistical analysis. Porphyromonas was the most abundant genus in all gingival health categories, particularly in health along with Moraxella and Fusobacteria. The Peptostreptococcaceae were the most abundant family in @entity5 and mild @entity4 . Logistic regression analysis identified species from various genera that were significantly associated with health, @entity5 or mild @entity4 . The species identified were very similar to those observed in @entity1 plaque in the corresponding health and disease states. Such similarities were not observed between cat and @entity0 at the bacterial species level but with disease progression similarities did emerge at the phylum level. This suggests that interventions targeted at @entity0 pathogenic species will not be effective for use in @entity2 but there is more potential for commonalities in interventions for @entity2 and @entity1 .

title: A Pyrosequencing Investigation of Differences in the Feline Subgingival Microbiota in Health, XXXX and Mild @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of a parametric deconvolution algorithm (DA) in the diagnostic assessment of @entity2 @entity0 by multi- slice spiral computed tomography (MS-CT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 52 @entity0 (age range 34 - 89 years) with clinically suspected acute @entity1 of one hemisphere and no @entity5 on plain cerebral CT underwent CT perfusion ( @entity3 ), performed on average 3.4 hours after the onset of symptoms by using MS-CT (4 x 8 mm scan volume). Using a DA-based software module, perfusion images of the cerebral blood perfusion (CBP), cerebral blood volume ( @entity6 ) and mean transit time ( @entity4 ) were calculated and assessed by two readers for visually apparent perfusion abnormalities. Amount and extension of perfusion disturbances were measured and correlated with the outcome. RESULTS: Of 44 @entity0 , in whom perfusion maps could be generated, territorial @entity5 was confirmed by follow-up in 22 subjects. With a sensitivity of 95 % @entity1 could be detected on @entity4 -maps (CBP 91 %, @entity6 77 %). Specificity was highest (100 %) for @entity6 -maps. @entity0 with @entity5 showed significant (p < 0.001) reduction of CBP (10.7 vs. 38.3 ml/100 ml/min), @entity6 (1.3 vs. 2.3 ml/100 ml) and prolongation of @entity4 (12.3 vs. 4.3 s) compared to the contralateral hemisphere, whereas in @entity0 without @entity5 no significant changes were found. Extension of @entity6 reduction showed the best correlation (r = 0.82) with final @entity5 volume. CONCLUSION: The DA-based CTP protocol evaluated in this study is a suitable tool for the early identification and quantification of @entity7 .

title: [Quantitative perfusion imaging by multi-slice CT in XXXX @entity0 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of a parametric deconvolution algorithm (DA) in the diagnostic assessment of @entity2 @entity0 by multi- slice spiral computed tomography (MS-CT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 52 @entity0 (age range 34 - 89 years) with clinically suspected acute @entity1 of one hemisphere and no @entity5 on plain cerebral CT underwent CT perfusion ( @entity3 ), performed on average 3.4 hours after the onset of symptoms by using MS-CT (4 x 8 mm scan volume). Using a DA-based software module, perfusion images of the cerebral blood perfusion (CBP), cerebral blood volume ( @entity6 ) and mean transit time ( @entity4 ) were calculated and assessed by two readers for visually apparent perfusion abnormalities. Amount and extension of perfusion disturbances were measured and correlated with the outcome. RESULTS: Of 44 @entity0 , in whom perfusion maps could be generated, territorial @entity5 was confirmed by follow-up in 22 subjects. With a sensitivity of 95 % @entity1 could be detected on @entity4 -maps (CBP 91 %, @entity6 77 %). Specificity was highest (100 %) for @entity6 -maps. @entity0 with @entity5 showed significant (p < 0.001) reduction of CBP (10.7 vs. 38.3 ml/100 ml/min), @entity6 (1.3 vs. 2.3 ml/100 ml) and prolongation of @entity4 (12.3 vs. 4.3 s) compared to the contralateral hemisphere, whereas in @entity0 without @entity5 no significant changes were found. Extension of @entity6 reduction showed the best correlation (r = 0.82) with final @entity5 volume. CONCLUSION: The DA-based CTP protocol evaluated in this study is a suitable tool for the early identification and quantification of @entity7 .

title: [Quantitative perfusion imaging by multi-slice CT in @entity2 XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: During the years 1971-81, we treated 7 @entity0 with clinical features suggestive of @entity7 . Muscle weakness developed at 1.5 or at 5-8 years and progressed rapidly. Two @entity0 were in wheel-chairs in their teens. @entity8 began in the proximal parts of the lower extremities and pseudohypertrophy of the @entity2 occurred in all patients. Serum @entity4 phosphokinase (CPK) activity was moderately to highly elevated in all cases and EMG showed a moderate to marked myopathic pattern. Chromosomal studies showed normal finding in the five examined. @entity5 (IQ 37-73) was present in four. Consanguinity was present in 3 out of the 7 cases. Two mothers showed elevated levels of CPK and myopathic patterns on EMG. In addition, one mother had slight @entity3 at the age of 42 and another had prominent pseudohypertrophy of the @entity2 . Sex-linked recessive inheritance might be considered here, because carriers of @entity1 showed elevated levels of CPK or mild @entity6 . The other five of our seven might be cases of autosomal recessive inheritance, because the mothers had normal serum CPK levels and in 2 families there was a consanguinity.

title: Clinical and genetic studies of muscular dystrophy in young XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Advances in high-throughput technologies have generated diverse informative molecular markers for @entity1 outcome prediction. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and DNA methylation as new classes of promising markers are emerging as key molecules in @entity0 @entity1 ; however, the prognostic utility of such diverse molecular data remains to be explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We proposed a computational pipeline (IDFO) to predict @entity0 survival by identifying prognosis-related biomarkers using multi-type molecular data (mRNA, microRNA, DNA methylation, and lncRNA) from 3198 samples of five @entity1 types. We assessed the predictive performance of both single molecular data and integrated multi-type molecular data in @entity0 survival stratification, and compared their relative importance in each type of @entity1 , respectively. Survival analysis using multivariate Cox regression was performed to investigate the impact of the IDFO-identified markers and traditional variables on clinical outcome. RESULTS: Using the IDFO approach, we obtained good predictive performance of the molecular datasets (bootstrap accuracy: 0.71-0.97) in five @entity1 types. Impressively, lncRNA was identified as the best prognostic predictor in the validated cohorts of four @entity1 types, followed by DNA methylation, mRNA, and then microRNA. We found the incorporating of multi-type molecular data showed similar predictive power to single-type molecular data, but with the exception of the lncRNA + DNA methylation combinations in two @entity1 . Survival analysis of proportional hazard models confirmed a high robustness for lncRNA and DNA methylation as prognosis factors independent of traditional clinical variables. CONCLUSION: Our study provides insight into systematically understanding the prognostic performance of diverse molecular data in both single and aggregate patterns, which may have specific reference to subsequent related studies.

title: Comparison of the Prognostic Utility of the Diverse Molecular Data among lncRNA, DNA Methylation, microRNA, and mRNA across Five XXXX Cancers.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A slow-growing Corynebacterium was isolated in pure culture from pus of a K  ntscher-nailed @entity1 . The strain was identified as Johnson-Kay strain or corynebacterium JK (CJK). This bacterium has been discovered recently and recognized as the cause of serious @entity2 , especially in immunocompromized @entity0 , polytraumatized @entity0 , and @entity0 with @entity3 . Superficial wounds can be colonized and hemocultures contaminated with CJK. Nosocomial spreading can occur. This microorganism is usually highly resistant to antimicrobial agents and requires therapy with @entity4 . This case was different from @entity2 with "CJK" in several aspects. The @entity2 occurred in a @entity0 without underlying disease and the strain was sensitive to the antibiotic. The @entity0 responded well to @entity5 treatment. Being part of the normal skin flora, Corynebacteria are often discarded as contaminants. A critical review of all clinical and laboratory data is necessary for the recognition of the @entity2 and is important especially when a resistant strain is encountered.

title: Corynebacterium JK (Johnson-Kay strain) @entity2 of a K  ntscher-nailed XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A slow-growing Corynebacterium was isolated in pure culture from pus of a K  ntscher-nailed @entity1 . The strain was identified as Johnson-Kay strain or corynebacterium JK (CJK). This bacterium has been discovered recently and recognized as the cause of serious @entity2 , especially in immunocompromized @entity0 , polytraumatized @entity0 , and @entity0 with @entity3 . Superficial wounds can be colonized and hemocultures contaminated with CJK. Nosocomial spreading can occur. This microorganism is usually highly resistant to antimicrobial agents and requires therapy with @entity4 . This case was different from @entity2 with "CJK" in several aspects. The @entity2 occurred in a @entity0 without underlying disease and the strain was sensitive to the antibiotic. The @entity0 responded well to @entity5 treatment. Being part of the normal skin flora, Corynebacteria are often discarded as contaminants. A critical review of all clinical and laboratory data is necessary for the recognition of the @entity2 and is important especially when a resistant strain is encountered.

title: Corynebacterium JK (Johnson-Kay strain) XXXX of a K  ntscher-nailed @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pedicled buccal fat pad @entity2 for its applicability in the reconstruction of surgically created oral defects. We highlighted the technique of @entity2 harvesting, its different applications, and limitations. DESIGN:     Prospective analysis of @entity0 with @entity1 repaired by the buccal fat pad @entity2 . SETTING:     Institutional center. @entity0 / @entity0 :     Twenty-nine @entity0 with surgical @entity3 , @entity4 , lower gingiva, retromolar region, oral floor, and temporomandibular joint. INTERVENTIONS:     Pedicled buccal fat pad @entity2 for treatment of small to medium-sized @entity1 . OUTCOME MEASURES:     @entity0 had repair using a pedicled buccal fat pad @entity2 between 2012 and 2014. @entity0 ' photographs and clinical records were collected. The technique of @entity2 harvesting, its advantages, and its drawbacks are described in this study. RESULTS:     @entity0 were followed up over a mean period of 13.7 months to check @entity2 viability, competent repair, and donor site function and aesthetics. Complete epithelialization was observed within 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively according to the extent of the defect. All @entity0 showed uneventful healing without complications. CONCLUSIONS:     Buccal fat pad @entity2 proved to be feasible for the reconstruction of surgically induced proximal small to medium-sized defects and can be extended to the palate, mandible, mouth angle, and temporomandibular joint region. Further research using preoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of the size of the buccal fat pad is needed when reconstructing large distal defects.

title: The Feasibility of Buccal Pad Fat XXXX in Oral Reconstruction Based on Clinical Experience in a Governmental Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) tend to interact with each other. @entity1 may lead to nutrition deficiencies that will conversely delay recovery by depressing immune functions. Nutrition support can promote recovery in the subject being treated for @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition support on promoting the recovery of adult @entity3 patients with anti- @entity1 drug therapy. METHODS: English database of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese database of CBM, CNKI, VIP, and WANFANG were searched. Randomized controlled trials comparing nutrition support (given for more than 2 weeks) with no nutrition intervention, nutrition advice only, or placebo-control for @entity1 patients being anti- @entity1 treated were included. Two reviewers conducted data extraction, assessed the quality of the studies independently, and any discrepancies were solved by the third reviewer. Data were entered and analyzed by RevMan 5.2 software, and meta-analysis was done using risk ratios (RR s) for dichotomous variables and mean differences (MDs) for continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals (CI s). RESULTS: A total of 19 studies (3681 @entity0 ) were included. In nutritional support for @entity1 @entity0 , pooled RR and its 95% CI of sputum smears- or culture-negative conversion rate and chest X-ray (CXR) absorption rate were 1.10 (1.04, 1.17) and 1.22 (1.08, 1.39), respectively, the pooled @entity2 and its 95% CI of body mass index (BMI) and time of sputum smears or culture negativity were 0.59 (0.16, 1.2) and - 5.42 (-7.93, -2.92), respectively, compared with the control group. The differences in outcomes of CXR zone affected, @entity1 score, serum albumin, and hemoglobin were not statistically significant (P = 0.76, 0.24, 0.28, and 0.20, respectively) between the intervention group and the control group. No systemic adverse events were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: During anti- @entity1 course, nutrition support may be helpful in treatment of @entity1 @entity0 by improving both sputum smears- or culture-negative conversion rate and BMI, shortening the time of sputum conversion negative. Whether it can improve the final clinical effect, there still needs high-level quality studies to confirm in the future.

title: Adjuvant Efficacy of Nutrition Support During XXXX Treating Course: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The results of four different ambulatory methods used in the treatment of 248 @entity0 with @entity2 were compared in five different hospitals. In each hospital the @entity0 population was selected for the @entity4 of treatment policy. Seventy-two @entity0 were treated with crutches alone, 58 with a Scottish Rite orthosis, 48 with a @entity5 (a bilateral long-leg brace holding the hips in abduction and internal rotation), and 70 with proximal femoral osteotomy. The end results of treatment were rated according to head sphericity using the MOSE method. Prognostic indicators were recorded, including age of onset of disease, Catterall type, and femoral subluxation. @entity0 with partial-head involvement under eight years of age at disease onset with minimal lateral subluxation (less than 1.5 lateral subluxation ratios) and no proximal subluxation fared equally well with crutch walking or any of the three ambulatory-containment treatments studied. With greater degrees of subluxation, all three containment groups were superior to crutch walking and all were equally effective. In partial-head involvement, @entity0 between eight and 12 years of age, with or without lateral or proximal subluxation, all three ambulatory containment methods were superior to crutch walking. @entity1 and the @entity5 were equally effective. Only five Scottish Rite @entity0 were in this age group, too small a number to compare with the other treatment methods. @entity0 with partial-head involvement over 12 years of age at disease onset had poor results. For @entity0 with total-head involvement under eight years of age at disease onset, femoral osteotomy was correlated with a lesser degree of femoral head flattening than either brace or crutch treatment. In whole-head involvement @entity0 over eight years old at disease onset, all three ambulatory containment methods were equally effective and superior to crutch walking; however, there were few crutch walking and Newington abduction @entity3 @entity0 in this age group.

title: Ambulatory containment treatment in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effects of auricular acupressure therapy on @entity0 with postpartum @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Postpartum @entity0 generally have poor @entity2 because of frequent night-time breastfeeding during the first month after giving birth. DESIGN: A one-group pretest/post-test quasi-experiment was conducted. METHODS: A convenience sampling method was used to recruit @entity0 at a postpartum centre (doing-the-month centre) in Northern Taiwan, from January 2014-July 2014. Thirty @entity0 with postpartum @entity1 received auricular acupressure therapy on one auricular point (Shenmen point pressing) four times a day for 14  days. The Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess @entity2 before and after the 14-day treatment. RESULTS: After the 14-day auricular acupressure treatment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total scores of the @entity0 decreased from 8  7 (pretest) to 5  57 (post-test, 36% reduction). Scores on the subscales of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, including @entity2 , sleep latency, sleep duration and @entity2 , also statistically improved (p  <  0  05). CONCLUSIONS: Hormone changes and frequent breastfeeding were identified as characteristics that may exacerbate poor @entity2 of postpartum @entity0 , for  whom the auricular acupressure intervention may effectively improve @entity2 . RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Auricular acupressure can be an alternative complementary therapy to aid postpartum @entity0 with @entity1 in improving @entity2 .

title: Effect of auricular acupressure for postpartum XXXX : an uncontrolled clinical trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: There are well-recognized limitations of conventional axial radiographs of the patellofemoral joint in assessing @entity0 with @entity1 , particularly in the first 20 degrees of knee flexion. Computerized tomography (CT) was used, therefore, to evaluate 20 @entity0 with persistent @entity1 and ten asymptomatic volunteers. Multiple midpatellar images were obtained between zero degrees and 30 degrees -40 degrees (sometimes 40 degrees) of flexion, with and without maximal @entity3 . Three distinct patterns of @entity2 were identified. When compared to controls, 11 @entity0 had lateralized patellae based on high-congruence angles in extension. With progressive flexion to 30 degrees, all but one reduced into the trochlea. This group was subdivided into those lateralized with or without associated patellar tilting. There were seven @entity0 whose patellae progressively tilted between zero degrees and 30 degrees of flexion while remaining centered in the trochlea. Anatomic differences demonstrated by CT appear to be a factor in distinguishing these groups. Computerized tomography may be the optimal method of radiographically evaluating the patellofemoral joint. @entity0 have been identified with lateralized patellae in extension that subsequently become congruent by 30 degrees of flexion and therefore may not be appreciated on traditional radiographs. An awareness of different patterns of @entity2 is a significant advantage of computerized tomography when planning selective surgical realignment for these @entity0 .

title: The evaluation of XXXX using computerized tomography. A preliminary study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have analyzed nucleotide polymorphism within a 5.3-kb region encompassing the functional @entity2 gene and the @entity3 putative pseudogene in 28 strains of @entity0 and one of @entity1 . Two divergent sequence types were detected, which are not perfectly associated with @entity2 allozyme variation. The level of variation (pi) is very close in the 5'-flanking region (0.0059) and @entity2 gene (0.0057), but significantly higher in the intergenic region (0.0141) and putative pseudogene (0.0122). The variation in the 3'-flanking region is intermediate (0.0083). These observations may reflect different levels of purifying selection in the different regions. Strong linkage disequilibrium occurs within the region studied, with the largest values revealed in the putative pseudogene and 3'-flanking region. Moreover, recombination is restricted within @entity3 . Gene conversion is detected both within and (to a lesser extent) between @entity2 and @entity3 . The data indicate that @entity3 exhibits some characteristics that are typical of nonfunctional genes, while other characteristics are typically attributed to functional genes; the same situation has been observed in other pseudogenes (including @entity0 ). The results of structural entropy analysis demonstrate higher structural ordering in @entity2 than in @entity3 , in accordance with expectations if @entity3 is indeed a pseudogene. Taking into account that the function of @entity3 is not known (but could exist) and following the terminology of J. Brosius and S. J. Gould, we suggest that the term "potogene" may be appropriate for @entity3 , indicating that it is a potential gene that may have acquired some distinctive but unknown function.

title: DNA polymorphism in the beta-Esterase gene cluster of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity0 @entity2 complex consists of at least six proteins and two noncoding roX RNAs that mediate dosage compensation. It acts to remodel the male's X chromatin by covalently modifying the @entity1 terminal tails of histones. The @entity4 and @entity3 genes are thought to be nucleation sites for assembly and spreading of @entity2 complexes into surrounding chromatin where they roughly double the rates of transcription. We generated many transgenic stocks in which the @entity4 gene was moved from its normal location on the X to new autosomal sites. Approximately 10% of such lines displayed unusual sexually dimorphic expression patterns of the transgene's mini-white eye-color marker. Males often displayed striking mosaic pigmentation patterns similar to those seen in position-effect variegation and yet most inserts were in euchromatic locations. In many of these stocks, female mini-white expression was very low or absent. The male-specific activation of mini-white depended upon the @entity2 complex. We propose that these transgenes are inserted in several different types of repressive chromatin environments that inhibit mini-white expression. Males are able to overcome this silencing through the action of the @entity2 complex spreading from the @entity4 gene and remodeling the local chromatin to allow transcription. The potency with which an ectopic @entity2 complex overcomes silent chromatin suggests that its normal action on the X must be under strict regulation.

title: The XXXX @entity4 RNA gene can overcome silent chromatin by recruiting the male-specific lethal dosage compensation complex.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity0 @entity2 complex consists of at least six proteins and two noncoding roX RNAs that mediate dosage compensation. It acts to remodel the male's X chromatin by covalently modifying the @entity1 terminal tails of histones. The @entity4 and @entity3 genes are thought to be nucleation sites for assembly and spreading of @entity2 complexes into surrounding chromatin where they roughly double the rates of transcription. We generated many transgenic stocks in which the @entity4 gene was moved from its normal location on the X to new autosomal sites. Approximately 10% of such lines displayed unusual sexually dimorphic expression patterns of the transgene's mini-white eye-color marker. Males often displayed striking mosaic pigmentation patterns similar to those seen in position-effect variegation and yet most inserts were in euchromatic locations. In many of these stocks, female mini-white expression was very low or absent. The male-specific activation of mini-white depended upon the @entity2 complex. We propose that these transgenes are inserted in several different types of repressive chromatin environments that inhibit mini-white expression. Males are able to overcome this silencing through the action of the @entity2 complex spreading from the @entity4 gene and remodeling the local chromatin to allow transcription. The potency with which an ectopic @entity2 complex overcomes silent chromatin suggests that its normal action on the X must be under strict regulation.

title: The @entity0 XXXX RNA gene can overcome silent chromatin by recruiting the male-specific lethal dosage compensation complex.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The isotope washout method has been widely used to study characteristics of the microcirculation in localized vascular beds. Some of these studies have used local injections of vasodilating agents to maximally dilate the vascular bed. This study was undertaken to determine the agent most effective in producing this critical vasodilation. A @entity1 model was constructed that allowed the study of the subcutaneous blood flow by either 133Xe and 131I-antipyrine washout. Dose-response curves were constructed for five agents. The agents used and the doses that produced the maximum washout rate, were @entity2 (100 micrograms), @entity4 (0.5 mg), @entity6 (6 micrograms), @entity5 (5 mg) and @entity3 (60 micrograms). The five agents at these doses were compared with each other, and @entity3 produced a greater washout rate than @entity5 (P less than 0.005), @entity2 (P less than 0.001) and @entity4 (P less than 0.005). There was no difference between @entity3 and @entity6 (P greater than 0.01). The effect of three of the agents in producing tissue @entity0 was examined by comparing the washout rates values obtained with the two isotopes. Both @entity3 and @entity5 produced large @entity0 whereas @entity2 resulted in little @entity0 formation. @entity3 , therefore, appears to be the most suitable vasodilating agent for use in studies which require maximum vasodilation of localized vascular beds.

title: The effectiveness of local injections of vasodilating agents to produce vasodilation in subcutaneous tissue in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence immunocytochemistry (uCyt+ assay) as combined with urinary cytology for detection of primary and recurrent @entity3 . We analyzed 694 urinary samples from 236 new symptomatic @entity0 and 458 @entity0 followed after transurethral resection (TUR) for @entity2 . Lesions suspicious for @entity1 at cystoscopy were sampled by biopsies or TUR. Sensitivity and specificity of tests were calculated using cystoscopy and histopathology, whether or not combined as gold standards. In new symptomatic @entity0 , sensitivity of uCyt+ was 40%, 88.2%, and 76.7%, whereas that of urinary cytology was 30%, 70.6%, and 83.3%, respectively, in G1, G2, and G3 @entity1 . In follow-up cases, sensitivity of uCyt+ was 61.9%, 66.7%, and 76.9%, whereas that of urinary cytology was 38.1%, 58.3%, and 64.1%, respectively, in G1, G2, and G3 @entity1 . The combination of uCyt+ and urinary cytology significantly increased mean sensitivity in newly diagnosed cases (86.4% versus 71.2% with urinary cytology only, p < 0.05), as well as in @entity0 followed after TUR (79.3% versus 55.2%, p < 0.001). Specificity of uCyt+ and urinary cytology was identical in new @entity0 (83.3%) and was 81.9% and 86.2%, respectively, in @entity0 followed after TUR. In @entity0 with negative cystoscopy, positive uCyt+ tests had a strong predictive value for @entity1 recurrence at 1 year (47.0% versus 11.9% in @entity0 with negative assay, p < 0.01). We conclude that combining uCyt+ with urinary cytology improves the detection of @entity3 as well in @entity0 with symptoms suggesting @entity2 as in those followed after treatment.

title: Improved detection of XXXX with fluorescence immunocytochemistry (uCyt+ assay) and urinary cytology: results of a French Prospective Multicenter Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the need to adapt dietary prescriptions, we studied potential effects of increasing the dialysis dose by adding a daytime icodextrin dwell, in @entity0 on Nocturnal Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (NIPD), on peritoneal @entity5 (AA) and albumin loss, AA, albumin, @entity1 and @entity6 plasma levels and nutritional intake. METHODS: A cross-over study in eight @entity0 (age 2-12 years) on NIPD at baseline (week 1). INTERVENTION: to increase dialysis dose we added a daytime dwell with 1100 ml/m(2) icodextrin solution for a week (week 2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: peritoneal albumin loss (quantified by nephelometry) and @entity8 (quantified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry) in the last 72 h dialysate collections of weeks 1 and 2. On days 7 and 14, morning blood sample was taken for @entity3 , @entity2 , plasma AA levels, serum albumin, @entity1 and @entity6 determination. Nutritional intake diaries were kept throughout the study period. RESULTS: Weekly dialysis creatinine clearance increased from 35 to 65 l/1.73 m(2) (P<0.0001) and Kt/V from 1.99 to 2.54 (P<0.01). Peritoneal albumin loss did not change significantly (2.4+/-0.4 to 2.4+/-0.3 g/m(2)/24 h) nor did serum albumin (3.25+/-0.52 to 3.21+/-0.25 g/dl), @entity1 (216+/-73 to 240+/-61 mg/dl) and @entity6 (385+/-40 to 436+/-64 mg/dl). There was a significant increase in loss of essential (EAA) [1122+/-200 to 2104+/-417 mg/m(2)/week (P<0.0001)] and non-essential @entity5 (NEAA) [6160+/-1341 to 10406+/-2899 mg/m(2)/week (P<0.001)]. Plasma AA levels did not change significantly except for a drop in @entity7 and @entity4 . Dietary protein intake did not change from 43+/-12 to 41+/-8 g/m(2)/day, caloric intake from 73+/-21 to 70+/-24 kcal/kg/day. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing dialysis dose by introducing a daytime icodextrin dwell during a week does not affect peritoneal albumin loss, serum albumin, @entity1 and @entity6 levels nor dietary intake on a short term. There is a significant increase in EAA and NEAA loss without change in plasma levels. We suggest monitoring dietary intake when adding a daytime icodextrin dwell in @entity0 .

title: Nutritional effects of increasing dialysis dose by adding an icodextrin daytime dwell to Nocturnal Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (NIPD) in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Immunoreactive @entity5 deaminase complexing protein (ADCP) was studied in 91 @entity0 @entity2 . The expression of ADCP was correlated with that of secretory component (SC) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), with the histological grade and the @entity1 . The histological grade was scored semi-quantitatively according to 5 structural and 4 cytological variables. ADCP expression was observed in 3 different staining patterns, namely: (1) diffuse cytoplasmic (77% of the @entity3 ); (2) granular cytoplasmic (13%); and (3) membrane-associated (66%). These patterns were observed alone or in combination. Eleven percent of the @entity3 exhibited no ADCP immunoreactivity. Linear regression analysis showed that the expression of ADCP correlates with that of SC and @entity4 . However, no significant correlation emerged between the histological parameters or the Dukes' stage and any of the immunohistological parameters. Comparison of the histological characteristics of @entity3 exhibiting little or no ADCP immunoreactivity with those showing extensive immunoreactivity, showed that membranous ADCP immunoreactivity occurs more frequently in well-differentiated @entity3 . Structural parameters showed a better correlation with membranous ADCP expression than the cytological variables. It is concluded that membranous expression of ADCP and @entity4 are indicators of a high level of differentiation as reflected primarily in the structural characteristics of the @entity1 .

title: @entity5 deaminase complexing protein (ADCP) immunoreactivity in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Immunoreactive @entity5 deaminase complexing protein (ADCP) was studied in 91 @entity0 @entity2 . The expression of ADCP was correlated with that of secretory component (SC) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), with the histological grade and the @entity1 . The histological grade was scored semi-quantitatively according to 5 structural and 4 cytological variables. ADCP expression was observed in 3 different staining patterns, namely: (1) diffuse cytoplasmic (77% of the @entity3 ); (2) granular cytoplasmic (13%); and (3) membrane-associated (66%). These patterns were observed alone or in combination. Eleven percent of the @entity3 exhibited no ADCP immunoreactivity. Linear regression analysis showed that the expression of ADCP correlates with that of SC and @entity4 . However, no significant correlation emerged between the histological parameters or the Dukes' stage and any of the immunohistological parameters. Comparison of the histological characteristics of @entity3 exhibiting little or no ADCP immunoreactivity with those showing extensive immunoreactivity, showed that membranous ADCP immunoreactivity occurs more frequently in well-differentiated @entity3 . Structural parameters showed a better correlation with membranous ADCP expression than the cytological variables. It is concluded that membranous expression of ADCP and @entity4 are indicators of a high level of differentiation as reflected primarily in the structural characteristics of the @entity1 .

title: XXXX deaminase complexing protein (ADCP) immunoreactivity in @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Survivin is a novel inhibitor of apoptosis commonly detected in tissues during fetal development and in @entity0 , but not usually in normal tissues. Expression of this protein may be of prognostic significance and therapeutically relevant in many @entity0 . We assessed survivin expression in @entity1 , correlating results with expression of other anti-apoptotic ( @entity2 , @entity5 , mutant @entity4 ) and pro-apoptotic ( @entity3 ) markers, with prognostic parameters, and prognosis. Paraffin-embedded sections of 49 @entity1 were immunostained for survivin, @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity4 . Expression was evaluated in nuclei and cytoplasm, as intensity (0-3+), and percentage of positive cells was scored on a four-tiered system with <10% as negative. Frequency of survivin, @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity4 was 73.5%, 36.7%, 93.9%, 77.6%, and 60.4%, respectively. There was significant correlation between nuclear survivin expression and grade (P =.0014), histologic type (P =.0376), and mutant @entity4 (P =.0414). Survivin expression did not correlate with @entity2 , @entity5 , or @entity3 expression, stage, or overall or disease-free survival. The majority (74%) of @entity1 show survivin expression, which correlates with poor prognostic parameters (high grade, histologic type, @entity4 mutation) but not with survival. Therapeutic targeting of survivin in @entity1 is a future possibility.

title: Survivin expression in XXXX : correlation with apoptotic markers and prognosis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Use of thrombolytic therapy in the early hours of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has gained widespread acceptance. One potential benefit of early reperfusion could be improved left ventricular (LV) function. Experimental animal studies have demonstrated that duration of coronary occlusion determines ultimate @entity4 size and have also raised the issue of reperfusion injury. The evolution of LV function after @entity2 in @entity0 where there is no attempt at early reperfusion is discussed. Studies of LV function following thrombolytic therapy in @entity0 have illustrated the following points. Time to successful reperfusion appears to be a critical determinant for potential for LV functional recovery. If reperfusion is achieved within 2.5 hours after onset of symptoms, consistent recovery of function within the @entity4 zone appears to be possible. With reperfusion from 2.5 to six hours after onset of symptoms, there is no predictable, substantial improvement in either global or regional LV function. Within the framework of this general conclusion, there are three potential exceptions: Successful reperfusion up to six hours after onset of symptoms may prevent @entity4 expansion. @entity0 with subtotal occlusion of the @entity4 vessel prior to therapy in this time period may have more potential for recovery of LV function than those with @entity1 . A tight residual @entity3 following thrombolytic therapy may mask potential for functional recovery in the @entity4 zone. Earlier diagnosis and treatment of @entity2 is one obvious solution for the overall lack of beneficial results on evolution of LV function seen in most studies to date.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of thrombolytic therapy on evolution of left ventricular function in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: One hundred eighty-seven @entity4 of the lower lip were examined microscopically to identify parameters that might predict @entity1 and @entity0 outcome. Excision specimens of 157 nonmetastasizing @entity3 (group I) were compared with specimens from 30 @entity2 that had metastasized (group II). The following features were recorded: architectural pattern; microscopic thickness (mm); cytologic grade; presence of muscle, nerve, or vessel invasion; inflammatory response; and mitotic rate. The mean thickness was 2.5 mm for group I @entity2 and 7.5 mm for group II @entity2 . Seventy-six per cent of the group I @entity2 were 3 mm thick or less, whereas only one group II lesion (3 per cent) was less than 3 mm thick. Five per cent of the group I @entity2 , compared with 77 per cent of the group II @entity2 , were at least 6 mm thick. Perineural invasion was seen in 5 per cent of the group I and 41 per cent of the group II lesions. Three per cent of the group I @entity3 had a dispersed pattern, compared with 57 per cent of those in group II. One group I lesion (0.6 per cent) and 37 per cent of the group II @entity2 were grade 4. Each of these differences was statistically significant (P less than 0.0001). For all lesions studied, @entity1 had occurred in 60 per cent with perineural invasion, 74 per cent measuring 6 mm or more, 77 per cent with a dispersed pattern, and 92 per cent that were grade 4. These important prognostic variables were best evaluated in the deeper portions of the lesions.

title: Prognostic factors in XXXX of the lower lip.

answer: @entity4