abstract: The ability of Shiga toxin-producing @entity2 (STEC) to cause severe @entity1 in @entity0 is determined by multiple host factors and bacterial characteristics, including Shiga toxin (Stx) subtype. Given the link between Stx2a subtype and disease severity, we sought to identify the stx subtypes present in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of 444 isolates of STEC O157. Difficulties in assembling the stx genes in some strains were overcome by using two complementary bioinformatics methods: mapping and de novo assembly. We compared the @entity3 analysis with the results obtained using a PCR approach and investigated the diversity within and between the subtypes. All strains of STEC O157 in this study had stx1a, stx2a or stx2c or a combination of these three genes. There was over 99% (442/444) concordance between PCR and @entity3 . When common source strains were excluded, 236/349 strains of STEC O157 had multiple copies of different Stx subtypes and 54 had multiple copies of the same Stx subtype. Of those strains harbouring multiple copies of the same Stx subtype, 33 had variants between the alleles while 21 had identical copies. Strains harbouring Stx2a only were most commonly found to have multiple alleles of the same subtype (42%). Both the PCR and @entity3 approach to stx subtyping provided a good level of sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the @entity3 data also showed there were a significant proportion of strains harbouring multiple alleles of the same Stx subtype associated with clinical disease in England.

title: Insight into Shiga toxin genes encoded by XXXX O157 from whole genome sequencing.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INRODUCTION: The @entity4 ( @entity4 ), or @entity4 , is a rare and @entity1 that affects the jaw. @entity4 can be divided into 2 clinico-topographic variants: Intraosseous (central) or Extraosseous (peripheral), with an incidence of 94% and 6%, respectively. The @entity1 have a predilection for the mandible, and most @entity1 arise in the molar and premolar region of the mandible. When present, extraosseous @entity1 are often located in the anterior jaw and involve the gingiva. PURPOSE: In this article we present a unique rare variety of @entity4 of mandible with both intraosseous _ extraosseous presentation and also locally @entity2 behavior. CASE REPORT: A 35 year old @entity0 presented with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of mandible with both intraosseous and extraosseous variant in a single lesion, extending from right premolar region to the left molar region. DISCUSSION: @entity4 is an uncommon @entity1 accounting for less than 1% of all @entity1 . Although @entity4 is considered less @entity2 clinically than typical infiltrating @entity3 , but our case is a rarity which was @entity2 and also rapidly progressive in short duration, with intra and extraosseous presentation. Hence it was managed surgically similar to a @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Presentation of two different variants of an @entity1 in a single lesion and @entity2 behavior of rather slow growing @entity1 , mimicking @entity1 definitely shows possibility of rare variations in different magnitude. Hence proper diagnosis for management with better prognosis of these kinds of @entity1 is very much essential.

title: Peripheral and central @entity2 form of XXXX of mandible - A rare case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INRODUCTION: The @entity4 ( @entity4 ), or @entity4 , is a rare and @entity1 that affects the jaw. @entity4 can be divided into 2 clinico-topographic variants: Intraosseous (central) or Extraosseous (peripheral), with an incidence of 94% and 6%, respectively. The @entity1 have a predilection for the mandible, and most @entity1 arise in the molar and premolar region of the mandible. When present, extraosseous @entity1 are often located in the anterior jaw and involve the gingiva. PURPOSE: In this article we present a unique rare variety of @entity4 of mandible with both intraosseous _ extraosseous presentation and also locally @entity2 behavior. CASE REPORT: A 35 year old @entity0 presented with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of mandible with both intraosseous and extraosseous variant in a single lesion, extending from right premolar region to the left molar region. DISCUSSION: @entity4 is an uncommon @entity1 accounting for less than 1% of all @entity1 . Although @entity4 is considered less @entity2 clinically than typical infiltrating @entity3 , but our case is a rarity which was @entity2 and also rapidly progressive in short duration, with intra and extraosseous presentation. Hence it was managed surgically similar to a @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Presentation of two different variants of an @entity1 in a single lesion and @entity2 behavior of rather slow growing @entity1 , mimicking @entity1 definitely shows possibility of rare variations in different magnitude. Hence proper diagnosis for management with better prognosis of these kinds of @entity1 is very much essential.

title: Peripheral and central XXXX form of @entity4 of mandible - A rare case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cryobiology is an essential tool in assisted reproductive technology. Research in this area focuses on the possibility of restoring fertility in @entity0 with reproductive problems or after @entity1 treatments. AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate viability of oocytes, In vitro maturation and embryo development in vitrified germinal vesicle oocytes with and without cumulus cell after single and stepwise vitrification procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Germinal vesicle oocytes with or without cumulus cells were obtained from 4 weeks old female @entity2 48h after intraperitoneal injection of 7.5 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG). For vitrification collected oocytes vitrification were exposed to cryoprotectant, which was composed of 30% (v/v) @entity5 , 18% (w/v) Ficoll-70, and 0.3 M @entity3 , either by single step or in a step-wise way. After exposure to cryoprotectant and immerged in liquid @entity4 , the oocytes were thawed and washed in medium TCM199 two times. Then the oocytes transferred to IVM medium for maturation and embryo development to blastocyst. RESULTS: The oocytes survival rates after vitrifying-warming, maturation rate, the capacity of fertilization and embryonic development to blastocyst were examined in vitro. The oocytes survival, maturation to MII, fertilization developmental rate in the step-wise exposure and with cumulus cell was significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared with corresponding rate in the single step procedure without cumulus cell. CONCLUSION: The results of present study indicated that oocytes vitrified with cumulus cells and stepwise procedure had positive effect on maturation and developmental rate to blastocyst than oocytes without cumulus cell and single step procedure.

title: The Nuclear Maturation and Embryo Development of XXXX Germinal Vesicle Oocytes with and without Cumulus Cell after Vitrification.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The serodiagnostic tests for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) present a high variability in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Data on @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity0 in high prevalence settings are still limited. The present study aimed to evaluate an in-house strip test for detection of anti-M. @entity1 antibodies in @entity1 @entity0 , mostly @entity0 aged under 15 y, grouped into four diagnostic categories: active @entity1 , @entity2 , healthy @entity1 contacts, and other @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The diagnostic performance of strip test was compared with the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Sensitivity and specificity were assessed for all three diagnostic tests. The detection accuracy among the tests was calculated by using a receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: TST and IGRA could diagnose the active @entity1 cases correctly (100%). The sensitivity of strip test for active @entity1 was 58.3% and 37.5% for @entity2 , while the sensitivities of TST and IGRA for @entity2 were 90.3% and 37.5%, respectively. The overall specificities of strip test and IGRA were 91.5% and 95.7%, respectively, which were superior to that of TST (68.1%). CONCLUSION: The strip test did not appear to be useful for diagnosis of active @entity1 in comparison with the current diagnostic standard. The assay may be particularly significant in situations where @entity1 is clinically difficult to diagnose like @entity2 and could be a meaningful tool in terms of high specificity and simplicity for ruling in pediatric @entity1 in countries with high @entity1 rate. Further studies are needed to determine whether strip test can be improved in its sensitivity and should be implemented into routine clinical practice.

title: Performance of a rapid strip test for the serologic diagnosis of XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The serodiagnostic tests for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) present a high variability in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Data on @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity0 in high prevalence settings are still limited. The present study aimed to evaluate an in-house strip test for detection of anti-M. @entity1 antibodies in @entity1 @entity0 , mostly @entity0 aged under 15 y, grouped into four diagnostic categories: active @entity1 , @entity2 , healthy @entity1 contacts, and other @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The diagnostic performance of strip test was compared with the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Sensitivity and specificity were assessed for all three diagnostic tests. The detection accuracy among the tests was calculated by using a receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: TST and IGRA could diagnose the active @entity1 cases correctly (100%). The sensitivity of strip test for active @entity1 was 58.3% and 37.5% for @entity2 , while the sensitivities of TST and IGRA for @entity2 were 90.3% and 37.5%, respectively. The overall specificities of strip test and IGRA were 91.5% and 95.7%, respectively, which were superior to that of TST (68.1%). CONCLUSION: The strip test did not appear to be useful for diagnosis of active @entity1 in comparison with the current diagnostic standard. The assay may be particularly significant in situations where @entity1 is clinically difficult to diagnose like @entity2 and could be a meaningful tool in terms of high specificity and simplicity for ruling in pediatric @entity1 in countries with high @entity1 rate. Further studies are needed to determine whether strip test can be improved in its sensitivity and should be implemented into routine clinical practice.

title: Performance of a rapid strip test for the serologic diagnosis of @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: RATIONALE: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has demonstrated physiological, symptom-reducing, psychosocial, and health economic benefits for @entity0 with chronic @entity2 , yet it is underutilized worldwide. Insufficient funding, resources, and reimbursement; lack of healthcare professional, payer, and @entity0 awareness and knowledge; and additional @entity0 -related barriers all contribute to the gap between the knowledge of the science and benefits of PR and the actual delivery of PR services to suitable @entity0 . OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this document are to enhance implementation, use, and delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation to suitable individuals worldwide. METHODS: Members of the American @entity1 Society (ATS) Pulmonary Rehabilitation Assembly and the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) Rehabilitation and Chronic Care Group established a Task Force and writing committee to develop a policy statement on PR. The document was modified based on feedback from expert peer reviewers. After cycles of review and revisions, the statement was reviewed and formally approved by the Board of Directors of the ATS and the Science Council and Executive Committee of the @entity2 . MAIN RESULTS: This document articulates policy recommendations for advancing healthcare professional, payer, and @entity0 awareness and knowledge of PR, increasing @entity0 access to PR, and ensuring quality of PR programs. It also recommends areas of future research to establish evidence to support the development of an updated funding and reimbursement policy regarding PR. CONCLUSIONS: The ATS and @entity2 commit to undertake actions that will improve access to and delivery of PR services for suitable @entity0 . They call on their members and other health professional societies, payers, @entity0 , and @entity0 advocacy groups to join in this commitment.

title: An Official American XXXX Society/ @entity2 Policy Statement: Enhancing Implementation, Use, and Delivery of Pulmonary Rehabilitation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: RATIONALE: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has demonstrated physiological, symptom-reducing, psychosocial, and health economic benefits for @entity0 with chronic @entity2 , yet it is underutilized worldwide. Insufficient funding, resources, and reimbursement; lack of healthcare professional, payer, and @entity0 awareness and knowledge; and additional @entity0 -related barriers all contribute to the gap between the knowledge of the science and benefits of PR and the actual delivery of PR services to suitable @entity0 . OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this document are to enhance implementation, use, and delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation to suitable individuals worldwide. METHODS: Members of the American @entity1 Society (ATS) Pulmonary Rehabilitation Assembly and the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) Rehabilitation and Chronic Care Group established a Task Force and writing committee to develop a policy statement on PR. The document was modified based on feedback from expert peer reviewers. After cycles of review and revisions, the statement was reviewed and formally approved by the Board of Directors of the ATS and the Science Council and Executive Committee of the @entity2 . MAIN RESULTS: This document articulates policy recommendations for advancing healthcare professional, payer, and @entity0 awareness and knowledge of PR, increasing @entity0 access to PR, and ensuring quality of PR programs. It also recommends areas of future research to establish evidence to support the development of an updated funding and reimbursement policy regarding PR. CONCLUSIONS: The ATS and @entity2 commit to undertake actions that will improve access to and delivery of PR services for suitable @entity0 . They call on their members and other health professional societies, payers, @entity0 , and @entity0 advocacy groups to join in this commitment.

title: An Official American @entity1 Society/ XXXX Policy Statement: Enhancing Implementation, Use, and Delivery of Pulmonary Rehabilitation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study aimed to investigate the dose response chemopreventive potential of @entity6 ( @entity7 ) against @entity5 ( @entity3 ) induced mammary @entity2 in female @entity1 . @entity0 was induced by a single dose of @entity3 (25mg/ @entity1 ) injected subcutaneously near mammary gland. We observed reduced body weight and @entity0 , @entity0 incidence and @entity0 volume in @entity3 -induced @entity1 . We also observed decreased antioxidant status (SOD, CAT, GPX and @entity4 ) and increased lipid peroxidation (TBARS and LOOH) in plasma and mammary tissues. Increased levels of CYP450, Cyt-b5 and decreased levels of phase II (GST and GR) biotransformation enzymes noticed in liver and mammary tissues of @entity3 -induced @entity1 . Further, increased levels of lipid profile (TC, TG, PL and FFA) and lipoprotein (LDL and VLDL) were noticed. Whereas, decreased level of HDL in plasma and decreased levels of PL and FFA in mammary tissue. Oral administration of @entity7 different doses (10, 20 and 40mg/kgbw) inhibited the @entity0 incidence and restored levels of biochemical markers. Biochemical findings are supported by histopathological studies. These results suggested that @entity7 at a dose of 20mg/kgbw significantly exert chemopreventive potential against @entity3 -induced mammary @entity2 .

title: Dose response chemopreventive potential of @entity6 against @entity5 induced mammary XXXX in female @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study aimed to investigate the dose response chemopreventive potential of @entity6 ( @entity7 ) against @entity5 ( @entity3 ) induced mammary @entity2 in female @entity1 . @entity0 was induced by a single dose of @entity3 (25mg/ @entity1 ) injected subcutaneously near mammary gland. We observed reduced body weight and @entity0 , @entity0 incidence and @entity0 volume in @entity3 -induced @entity1 . We also observed decreased antioxidant status (SOD, CAT, GPX and @entity4 ) and increased lipid peroxidation (TBARS and LOOH) in plasma and mammary tissues. Increased levels of CYP450, Cyt-b5 and decreased levels of phase II (GST and GR) biotransformation enzymes noticed in liver and mammary tissues of @entity3 -induced @entity1 . Further, increased levels of lipid profile (TC, TG, PL and FFA) and lipoprotein (LDL and VLDL) were noticed. Whereas, decreased level of HDL in plasma and decreased levels of PL and FFA in mammary tissue. Oral administration of @entity7 different doses (10, 20 and 40mg/kgbw) inhibited the @entity0 incidence and restored levels of biochemical markers. Biochemical findings are supported by histopathological studies. These results suggested that @entity7 at a dose of 20mg/kgbw significantly exert chemopreventive potential against @entity3 -induced mammary @entity2 .

title: Dose response chemopreventive potential of @entity6 against XXXX induced mammary @entity2 in female @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study aimed to investigate the dose response chemopreventive potential of @entity6 ( @entity7 ) against @entity5 ( @entity3 ) induced mammary @entity2 in female @entity1 . @entity0 was induced by a single dose of @entity3 (25mg/ @entity1 ) injected subcutaneously near mammary gland. We observed reduced body weight and @entity0 , @entity0 incidence and @entity0 volume in @entity3 -induced @entity1 . We also observed decreased antioxidant status (SOD, CAT, GPX and @entity4 ) and increased lipid peroxidation (TBARS and LOOH) in plasma and mammary tissues. Increased levels of CYP450, Cyt-b5 and decreased levels of phase II (GST and GR) biotransformation enzymes noticed in liver and mammary tissues of @entity3 -induced @entity1 . Further, increased levels of lipid profile (TC, TG, PL and FFA) and lipoprotein (LDL and VLDL) were noticed. Whereas, decreased level of HDL in plasma and decreased levels of PL and FFA in mammary tissue. Oral administration of @entity7 different doses (10, 20 and 40mg/kgbw) inhibited the @entity0 incidence and restored levels of biochemical markers. Biochemical findings are supported by histopathological studies. These results suggested that @entity7 at a dose of 20mg/kgbw significantly exert chemopreventive potential against @entity3 -induced mammary @entity2 .

title: Dose response chemopreventive potential of XXXX against @entity5 induced mammary @entity2 in female @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study aimed to investigate the dose response chemopreventive potential of @entity6 ( @entity7 ) against @entity5 ( @entity3 ) induced mammary @entity2 in female @entity1 . @entity0 was induced by a single dose of @entity3 (25mg/ @entity1 ) injected subcutaneously near mammary gland. We observed reduced body weight and @entity0 , @entity0 incidence and @entity0 volume in @entity3 -induced @entity1 . We also observed decreased antioxidant status (SOD, CAT, GPX and @entity4 ) and increased lipid peroxidation (TBARS and LOOH) in plasma and mammary tissues. Increased levels of CYP450, Cyt-b5 and decreased levels of phase II (GST and GR) biotransformation enzymes noticed in liver and mammary tissues of @entity3 -induced @entity1 . Further, increased levels of lipid profile (TC, TG, PL and FFA) and lipoprotein (LDL and VLDL) were noticed. Whereas, decreased level of HDL in plasma and decreased levels of PL and FFA in mammary tissue. Oral administration of @entity7 different doses (10, 20 and 40mg/kgbw) inhibited the @entity0 incidence and restored levels of biochemical markers. Biochemical findings are supported by histopathological studies. These results suggested that @entity7 at a dose of 20mg/kgbw significantly exert chemopreventive potential against @entity3 -induced mammary @entity2 .

title: Dose response chemopreventive potential of @entity6 against @entity5 induced mammary @entity2 in female XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We present a very rare case of focal @entity1 of @entity4 to the small bowel entirely managed laparoscopically. METHODS: A 58 year-old @entity0 with a FIGO I B G2 N0 stage @entity4 was found to have a vaginal cuff recurrence and an isolated distant @entity1 to the small bowel 13 months after primary treatment. In this video we show a fully laparoscopic management mainly focusing on the small bowel resection with intracorporal @entity3 . A laparoscopic partial colpectomy was also performed. RESULTS: Operative time was 180 min. Intraoperative @entity2 was less than 100 cc. The operation was performed successfully with no intra-operative complications. Pathological finding showed recurrent disease in the vaginal cuff and in the resected small bowel segment with free resection margins in both specimens and three mesenteric local nodes negative for @entity1 . @entity0 was discharged on day three and 26 days later started adjuvant chemotherapy. After a 16 months follow-up period, the @entity0 is still disease free and in good general conditions. CONCLUSION: This case shows a successful laparoscopic management of a case of recurrent @entity4 requiring complex surgical procedures.

title: Laparoscopic Management of A Small Bowel Recurrence of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND:    Norovirus is a leading cause of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Noroviruses bind to gut histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), but only 70-80% of individuals have a functional copy of the @entity4 ("secretor") gene required for gut @entity3 expression; these individuals are known as "secretors." Susceptibility to some noroviruses depends on @entity4 secretor status, but the population impact of this association is not established. METHODS:    From 12/2011 to 11/2012, active @entity1 surveillance was performed at six geographically diverse US pediatric sites. Cases under five years were recruited from emergency departments and inpatient units; age-matched healthy controls were recruited at well- @entity0 visits. Salivary DNA was collected to determine secretor status and genetic ancestry. Stool was tested for norovirus by realtime RT-PCR. Norovirus genotype was then determined by sequencing. RESULTS:    Norovirus was detected in 302 (21%) of 1465 @entity1 cases and 52 (6%) of 826 healthy controls. Norovirus @entity1 cases were 2.8-fold more likely than norovirus-negative controls to be secretors (p<0.001) in a logistic regression model adjusted for ancestry, age, site, and health insurance. Secretors comprised all 155 cases and 21 @entity2 with the most prevalent norovirus, GII.4. Control @entity0 of Meso-American ancestry were more likely than @entity0 of European or African ancestry to be secretors (96% versus 74%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS:    @entity4 status is associated with norovirus infection and varies by ancestry. GII.4 norovirus exclusively infected secretors. These findings are important to norovirus vaccine trials and design of agents that may block norovirus- @entity3 binding.

title: Innate susceptibility to norovirus infections influenced by XXXX genotype in a United States pediatric population.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the common sites of @entity2 (SIF) based on three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of MR images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 33 hips of 31 consecutive @entity0 diagnosed with SIF, 3-D reconstruction of the bone, @entity1 , and acetabular edge was performed using MR images. These 3-D images were used to measure the fractured areas and clarify the positional relationship between the @entity1 and degree of acetabular coverage. RESULTS: The fractured area in the anterior portion was significantly larger than in the posterior area. In 11 cases, the @entity1 contacted the acetabular edge and were distributed on the lateral portion. The indices of acetabular coverage (center-edge angle and acetabular head index) in these cases were less than the normal range. In the remaining 22 cases, the @entity1 were apart from the acetabular edge and distributed on the mediolateral centerline of the femoral head. The majority of these cases had normal acetabular coverage. CONCLUSIONS: The common site of SIF is the anterior portion. In addition, two types of SIF are proposed: (1) Lateral type: the contact stress between the acetabular edge and lateral portion of the femoral head causes SIF based on the insufficient acetabular coverage, and (2) Central type: the contact stress between the acetabular surface and the mediolateral center of the femoral head causes SIF independent from the insufficiency of acetabular coverage. These findings may be useful for considering the treatment and prevention of SIF.

title: Common site of XXXX based on three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 appears to be associated with changes in anti-ubiquitin immunoreactivity (UIR). To elucidate the relationship between the two events, we examined the time course of changes in UIR in pyramidal neurons of hippocampal organotypic cultures following exposure to an @entity4 , @entity2 ( @entity0 ). In nontreated cultures, weak UIR was confined to the nucleus. Exposure to 100 microM @entity0 for 15 min induced @entity1 , within 24 h, in the @entity3 and CA3c regions. In these neurons, the nuclear UIR was reduced, and instead, UIR developed in the cytoplasm. In response to the same procedure, CA3a,b pyramidal neurons showed slight shrinkage but otherwise virtually normal morphological features. Little perikaryal (cytoplasmic) UIR developed in CA3a,b neurons. Both degeneration and perikaryal UIR were observed in CA3a,b neurons, however, when the culture was exposed to 300 microM @entity0 . Immunoblot analysis showed that changes in the amount of a ubiquitin protein conjugate (24 kDa), presumably ubiquitinated histone, are similar to those of nuclear UIR in the same time course. We propose that the changes in the expression of nuclear and perikaryal ubiquitinated proteins represent some process closely related to @entity1 .

title: Correlation between anti-ubiquitin immunoreactivity and region-specific @entity1 in XXXX -treated rat hippocampal organotypic cultures.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 appears to be associated with changes in anti-ubiquitin immunoreactivity (UIR). To elucidate the relationship between the two events, we examined the time course of changes in UIR in pyramidal neurons of hippocampal organotypic cultures following exposure to an @entity4 , @entity2 ( @entity0 ). In nontreated cultures, weak UIR was confined to the nucleus. Exposure to 100 microM @entity0 for 15 min induced @entity1 , within 24 h, in the @entity3 and CA3c regions. In these neurons, the nuclear UIR was reduced, and instead, UIR developed in the cytoplasm. In response to the same procedure, CA3a,b pyramidal neurons showed slight shrinkage but otherwise virtually normal morphological features. Little perikaryal (cytoplasmic) UIR developed in CA3a,b neurons. Both degeneration and perikaryal UIR were observed in CA3a,b neurons, however, when the culture was exposed to 300 microM @entity0 . Immunoblot analysis showed that changes in the amount of a ubiquitin protein conjugate (24 kDa), presumably ubiquitinated histone, are similar to those of nuclear UIR in the same time course. We propose that the changes in the expression of nuclear and perikaryal ubiquitinated proteins represent some process closely related to @entity1 .

title: Correlation between anti-ubiquitin immunoreactivity and region-specific XXXX in @entity2 -treated rat hippocampal organotypic cultures.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Simple reaction time (SRT), the latency to respond to a stimulus, has been widely used as a basic measure of processing speed. In the current experiments, we examined clinically-relevant properties of a new SRT test that presents visual stimuli to the left or right hemifield at varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). Experiment 1 examined test-retest reliability in 48 @entity0 who underwent three test sessions at weekly intervals. In the first test, log-transformed (log-SRT) z-scores, corrected for the influence of age and computer-use, were well predicted by regression functions derived from a normative population of 189 control @entity0 . Test-retest reliability of log-SRT z-scores was measured with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.83) and equaled or exceeded those of other SRT tests and other widely used tests of processing speed that are administered manually. No significant learning effects were observed across test sessions. Experiment 2 investigated the same @entity0 when instructed to malinger during a fourth testing session: 94% showed abnormal log-SRT z-scores, with 83% producing log-SRT z-scores exceeding a cutoff of 3.0, a @entity2 never seen in full-effort conditions. Thus, a log-SRT z-score cutoff of 3.0 had a sensitivity (83%) and specificity (100%) that equaled or exceeded that of existing symptom validity tests. We argue that even expert malingerers, fully informed of the malingering-detection metric, would be unable to successfully feign impairments on the SRT test because of the precise control of SRT latencies that would be required. Experiment 3 investigated 26 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) tested more than 1 year post-injury. The 22 @entity0 with mild @entity1 showed insignificantly faster SRTs than controls, but a small group of four @entity0 with severe @entity1 showed slowed SRTs. Simple visual reaction time is a reliable measure of processing speed that is sensitive to the effects of malingering and @entity1 .

title: The Effects of Repeated Testing, Simulated Malingering, and XXXX on High-Precision Measures of Simple Visual Reaction Time.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity2 grafts or Omniflow II biosynthetic grafts are more resistant to @entity1 caused by @entity3 . METHODS: Sixty @entity0 were divided into six groups. In Groups 1A, 1B and 1C, a @entity2 graft was implanted in each @entity0 , and, in Groups 2A, 2B and 2C, a biosynthetic graft was implanted in each @entity0 . @entity3 was inoculated into Groups 1B, 1C, 2B and 2C, and the @entity0 in Groups 1C and 2C were treated with @entity4 . One week later, the @entity0 were euthanized, the grafts were removed and a microbiological count was performed. A histopathological examination was subsequently carried out, and the C-reactive protein, prealbumin and leukocyte levels were investigated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the C-reactive protein, prealbumin and leukocyte levels. The differences in the results of the microbiological evaluations between the groups were significant. The quantitative culture results showed no bacterial growth in Groups 1A, 1C and 2A. The number of bacteria in Group 1B was statistically lower than that in Group 2B. When the groups receiving treatment were compared, Group 2C had bacterial growth, whereas Group 1C did not. The histopathological examinations showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Omniflow II grafts are more susceptible to @entity1 than @entity2 grafts.

title: Which prosthesis is more resistant to vascular graft @entity1 : XXXX or Omniflow II biosynthetic grafts?

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity2 grafts or Omniflow II biosynthetic grafts are more resistant to @entity1 caused by @entity3 . METHODS: Sixty @entity0 were divided into six groups. In Groups 1A, 1B and 1C, a @entity2 graft was implanted in each @entity0 , and, in Groups 2A, 2B and 2C, a biosynthetic graft was implanted in each @entity0 . @entity3 was inoculated into Groups 1B, 1C, 2B and 2C, and the @entity0 in Groups 1C and 2C were treated with @entity4 . One week later, the @entity0 were euthanized, the grafts were removed and a microbiological count was performed. A histopathological examination was subsequently carried out, and the C-reactive protein, prealbumin and leukocyte levels were investigated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the C-reactive protein, prealbumin and leukocyte levels. The differences in the results of the microbiological evaluations between the groups were significant. The quantitative culture results showed no bacterial growth in Groups 1A, 1C and 2A. The number of bacteria in Group 1B was statistically lower than that in Group 2B. When the groups receiving treatment were compared, Group 2C had bacterial growth, whereas Group 1C did not. The histopathological examinations showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Omniflow II grafts are more susceptible to @entity1 than @entity2 grafts.

title: Which prosthesis is more resistant to vascular graft XXXX : @entity2 or Omniflow II biosynthetic grafts?

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity3 ) and egg yolk (EY) are good cryoprotectants of avian and @entity0 sperm, but in birds, they strongly inhibit the eventual fertilization of ova. Using the sperm penetration (SP-holes) assay and fertility trials, the present study investigates (1) the possible mechanism by which this contraceptive effect occurs in @entity2 and (2) the maximum concentrations of @entity3 and EY tolerated by fresh rooster sperm. Seventy Black-Barred Andaluza hens (five per treatment) were inseminated four times (twice per week) with 0.1 mL of fresh semen from roosters of the same breed diluted 1:1 (v:v) with Lake and Ravie medium containing different concentrations of @entity3 or EY. No adverse effects on acrosome integrity, sperm motility, or viability were seen with any concentration of @entity3 or EY. The number of SP-holes on perivitelline layer samples taken from above the germinal disc became progressively lower at @entity3 concentrations of 1.5% or greater (P > 0.05). No holes caused by sperms were seen in unfertilized eggs. The corresponding fertility results showed similar reductions when the @entity3 concentration was 1.5% or greater. No changes in the number of SP-holes were seen with increasing EY concentrations (0%-7.5%), nor were any differences in fertility observed, except for a reduction when 15% EY was used. The results therefore reveal that @entity3 affects the transit of sperms through the oviduct in their attempt to reach the infundibulum area, limiting their access to the ovum perivitelline layer. Egg yolk had no such effect, nor did it influence acrosome reaction capacity; its mechanism of contraceptive action therefore remains unknown. The maximum @entity3 and EY concentrations tolerated by the rooster sperm were 0.75% and 7.5%, respectively.

title: Sperm-egg penetration assay assessment of the contraceptive effects of XXXX and egg yolk in rooster sperm diluents.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 skin is the first line of defense for the protection of the internal organs of the body from different stimuli. Ultraviolet  B  (UVB), one of the harmful radiations for skin, is widely known to induce abnormally increased cytokine release from keratinocytes leading to inflammatory @entity2 . @entity3 and @entity4 induce an acute  -phase response and stimulate leukocyte infiltration in the skin. Previous studies have shown that chronic exposure to UVB radiation increases @entity9  ( @entity7 ) expression through various cell signaling pathways, resulting in @entity6 . Recent studies have shown that the activation of extracellular signal  -regulated kinase  (ERK), c  -Jun @entity8  -terminal kinase  (JNK), and @entity5 MAPK is strongly correlated with @entity1 and development of @entity6 caused by an increased expression of @entity7 . @entity11  (IXA) is an active constituent of Ixeris dentata of the Compositae  (Asteraceae) family. The effect of IXA on @entity1 has yet to be elucidated. To determine the anti  -inflammatory effects of IXA, we examined its effect on UVB  -induced pro  -inflammatory cytokine production in @entity0 keratinocytes  (HaCaT cells) by observing these cells in the presence or absence of IXA. In this study, pro  -inflammatory cytokine production was determined by enzyme  -linked immunosorbent assay  (ELISA), reverse transcription  -polymerase chain reaction  (rt  -pcr), and western blot analysis to evaluate the activation of mitogen  -activated protein kinases  (MAPKs). IXA inhibited UVB  -induced production of the pro  -inflammatory cytokines @entity3 and @entity4 in a dose  -dependent manner. Moreover, IXA inhibited the expression of @entity7 , ERK, JNK, and @entity5 MAPKs, indicating that the secretion of the pro  -inflammatory cytokines @entity10 , and @entity7 expression was inhibited by blocking MAPK phosphorylation. These results indicated that IXA potentially protects against UVB  -induced @entity1 .

title: Protective effect of XXXX against UVB  -induced pro  -inflammatory cytokine production in @entity0 keratinocytes.

answer: @entity11


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 skin is the first line of defense for the protection of the internal organs of the body from different stimuli. Ultraviolet  B  (UVB), one of the harmful radiations for skin, is widely known to induce abnormally increased cytokine release from keratinocytes leading to inflammatory @entity2 . @entity3 and @entity4 induce an acute  -phase response and stimulate leukocyte infiltration in the skin. Previous studies have shown that chronic exposure to UVB radiation increases @entity9  ( @entity7 ) expression through various cell signaling pathways, resulting in @entity6 . Recent studies have shown that the activation of extracellular signal  -regulated kinase  (ERK), c  -Jun @entity8  -terminal kinase  (JNK), and @entity5 MAPK is strongly correlated with @entity1 and development of @entity6 caused by an increased expression of @entity7 . @entity11  (IXA) is an active constituent of Ixeris dentata of the Compositae  (Asteraceae) family. The effect of IXA on @entity1 has yet to be elucidated. To determine the anti  -inflammatory effects of IXA, we examined its effect on UVB  -induced pro  -inflammatory cytokine production in @entity0 keratinocytes  (HaCaT cells) by observing these cells in the presence or absence of IXA. In this study, pro  -inflammatory cytokine production was determined by enzyme  -linked immunosorbent assay  (ELISA), reverse transcription  -polymerase chain reaction  (rt  -pcr), and western blot analysis to evaluate the activation of mitogen  -activated protein kinases  (MAPKs). IXA inhibited UVB  -induced production of the pro  -inflammatory cytokines @entity3 and @entity4 in a dose  -dependent manner. Moreover, IXA inhibited the expression of @entity7 , ERK, JNK, and @entity5 MAPKs, indicating that the secretion of the pro  -inflammatory cytokines @entity10 , and @entity7 expression was inhibited by blocking MAPK phosphorylation. These results indicated that IXA potentially protects against UVB  -induced @entity1 .

title: Protective effect of @entity11 against UVB  -induced pro  -inflammatory cytokine production in XXXX keratinocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recommended as a 'universal precaution' for improving provider- @entity0 communication, teach-back has a limited evidence base. Discharge from the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) to home is an important high-risk transition of care with potential for miscommunication of critical information. We examined whether teach-back improves: comprehension and perceived comprehension of discharge instructions and satisfaction among @entity0 with limited health literacy (LHL) in the @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a randomized, controlled study among adult @entity0 with LHL, to teach-back or standard discharge instructions. @entity0 completed an audio-recorded structured interview evaluating comprehension and perceived comprehension of (1) diagnosis, (2) @entity1 course, (3) post- @entity1 care, and (4) reasons to return and satisfaction using four Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems questions. Concordance with the medical record was rated using a five-level scale. We analyzed differences between groups using multivariable ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS: @entity0 randomized to receive teach-back had higher comprehension of post- @entity1 care areas: post- @entity1 medication (P < 0.02), self-care (P < 0.03), and follow-up instructions (P < 0.0001), but no change in @entity0 satisfaction or perceived comprehension. CONCLUSION: Teach-back appears to improve comprehension of post- @entity1 care instructions but not satisfaction or perceived comprehension. Our data from a randomized, controlled study support the effectiveness of teach-back in a busy clinical setting. Further research is needed to test the utility and feasibility of teach-back for routine use including its impacts on distal outcomes.

title: The impact of teach-back on comprehension of discharge instructions and satisfaction among emergency XXXX with limited health literacy: A randomized, controlled study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: @entity8 is the leading cause of @entity2 related to @entity4 in the world. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is the second most frequent histological @entity1 . Recently, growth factors, growth factor receptors, and signal transduction system-related gene amplifications and mutations are extensively under investigation to estimate the prognosis and to develop individualized therapies in @entity7 . In this study, besides the signal transduction molecule @entity12 kinase ( @entity14 ) p110a, we explored the expressions of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and receptor-1 ( @entity11 ) in @entity2 tissue and also their clinical and prognostic significance in @entity0 with early/advanced @entity7 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2005 to 2013, 129 @entity0 (23 early, 106 @entity9 ) with a histopathological @entity7 diagnosis were selected from the hospital files of Cukurova University Medical Faculty for this study. Two independent pathologists evaluated @entity11 , @entity6 , and @entity13 (p110a) expressions in both @entity2 and stromal tissues from 99 of the @entity0 with sufficient tissue samples, using immunohistochemistry. Considering survival analysis separately for @entity0 with both early and advanced stage diseases, the relationship between the clinical features of the @entity0 and expressions were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: @entity11 expression was found to be low in 59 (60%) @entity0 and high in 40 (40%) @entity0 . For @entity6 ; 12 (12%) @entity0 had high, 87 (88%) @entity0 had low expression and for @entity14 ; 31 (32%) @entity0 had high and 66 (68%) @entity0 had low expressions. In univariate analysis, overall survival (OS) was significantly associated with stage of the disease and the performance status of the @entity0 (P<0.0001 and P<0.001). There was no significant difference in OS of the @entity0 with either low or high expressions of @entity11 , @entity6 , and @entity14 . When the @entity0 with early or advanced stage disease were separately taken into consideration, the relationship did not differ, either. Any of @entity11 , @entity6 or @entity14 expressions was not found predictive for the treatment of early or advanced staged @entity0 . On the other hand, the expressions of both @entity11 and @entity6 were significantly different with respect to smoking, scar of @entity5 and scar of radiotherapy (P=0.002; P=0.06 and P=0.05, respectively). DISCUSSION: There has not been identified an effective individualized treatment for @entity7 yet. Therefore, in order to be able to develop such a treatment in the future, it is essential to identify the @entity3 that are responsible for the biological behaviors and carcinogenesis of @entity7 . Although we could not show the prognostic and predictive significance of @entity11 , @entity6 and @entity14 expressions in @entity7 , we determined the expression rates of @entity11 , @entity6 and @entity14 as a reference for Turkish @entity0 . In conclusion, we want to put some emphasis on the fact that, @entity10 which is a late complication of radiotherapy at @entity2 , and the scar of @entity5 could be associated with @entity11 and @entity6 expressions.

title: Expression of @entity11 , @entity6 , phosphatidyl inositol 3 phosphate kinase and their clinical and prognostic significance in early and advanced stage of squamous cell XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: @entity8 is the leading cause of @entity2 related to @entity4 in the world. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is the second most frequent histological @entity1 . Recently, growth factors, growth factor receptors, and signal transduction system-related gene amplifications and mutations are extensively under investigation to estimate the prognosis and to develop individualized therapies in @entity7 . In this study, besides the signal transduction molecule @entity12 kinase ( @entity14 ) p110a, we explored the expressions of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and receptor-1 ( @entity11 ) in @entity2 tissue and also their clinical and prognostic significance in @entity0 with early/advanced @entity7 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2005 to 2013, 129 @entity0 (23 early, 106 @entity9 ) with a histopathological @entity7 diagnosis were selected from the hospital files of Cukurova University Medical Faculty for this study. Two independent pathologists evaluated @entity11 , @entity6 , and @entity13 (p110a) expressions in both @entity2 and stromal tissues from 99 of the @entity0 with sufficient tissue samples, using immunohistochemistry. Considering survival analysis separately for @entity0 with both early and advanced stage diseases, the relationship between the clinical features of the @entity0 and expressions were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: @entity11 expression was found to be low in 59 (60%) @entity0 and high in 40 (40%) @entity0 . For @entity6 ; 12 (12%) @entity0 had high, 87 (88%) @entity0 had low expression and for @entity14 ; 31 (32%) @entity0 had high and 66 (68%) @entity0 had low expressions. In univariate analysis, overall survival (OS) was significantly associated with stage of the disease and the performance status of the @entity0 (P<0.0001 and P<0.001). There was no significant difference in OS of the @entity0 with either low or high expressions of @entity11 , @entity6 , and @entity14 . When the @entity0 with early or advanced stage disease were separately taken into consideration, the relationship did not differ, either. Any of @entity11 , @entity6 or @entity14 expressions was not found predictive for the treatment of early or advanced staged @entity0 . On the other hand, the expressions of both @entity11 and @entity6 were significantly different with respect to smoking, scar of @entity5 and scar of radiotherapy (P=0.002; P=0.06 and P=0.05, respectively). DISCUSSION: There has not been identified an effective individualized treatment for @entity7 yet. Therefore, in order to be able to develop such a treatment in the future, it is essential to identify the @entity3 that are responsible for the biological behaviors and carcinogenesis of @entity7 . Although we could not show the prognostic and predictive significance of @entity11 , @entity6 and @entity14 expressions in @entity7 , we determined the expression rates of @entity11 , @entity6 and @entity14 as a reference for Turkish @entity0 . In conclusion, we want to put some emphasis on the fact that, @entity10 which is a late complication of radiotherapy at @entity2 , and the scar of @entity5 could be associated with @entity11 and @entity6 expressions.

title: Expression of @entity11 , XXXX , phosphatidyl inositol 3 phosphate kinase and their clinical and prognostic significance in early and advanced stage of squamous cell @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIM: @entity8 is the leading cause of @entity2 related to @entity4 in the world. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is the second most frequent histological @entity1 . Recently, growth factors, growth factor receptors, and signal transduction system-related gene amplifications and mutations are extensively under investigation to estimate the prognosis and to develop individualized therapies in @entity7 . In this study, besides the signal transduction molecule @entity12 kinase ( @entity14 ) p110a, we explored the expressions of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and receptor-1 ( @entity11 ) in @entity2 tissue and also their clinical and prognostic significance in @entity0 with early/advanced @entity7 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2005 to 2013, 129 @entity0 (23 early, 106 @entity9 ) with a histopathological @entity7 diagnosis were selected from the hospital files of Cukurova University Medical Faculty for this study. Two independent pathologists evaluated @entity11 , @entity6 , and @entity13 (p110a) expressions in both @entity2 and stromal tissues from 99 of the @entity0 with sufficient tissue samples, using immunohistochemistry. Considering survival analysis separately for @entity0 with both early and advanced stage diseases, the relationship between the clinical features of the @entity0 and expressions were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: @entity11 expression was found to be low in 59 (60%) @entity0 and high in 40 (40%) @entity0 . For @entity6 ; 12 (12%) @entity0 had high, 87 (88%) @entity0 had low expression and for @entity14 ; 31 (32%) @entity0 had high and 66 (68%) @entity0 had low expressions. In univariate analysis, overall survival (OS) was significantly associated with stage of the disease and the performance status of the @entity0 (P<0.0001 and P<0.001). There was no significant difference in OS of the @entity0 with either low or high expressions of @entity11 , @entity6 , and @entity14 . When the @entity0 with early or advanced stage disease were separately taken into consideration, the relationship did not differ, either. Any of @entity11 , @entity6 or @entity14 expressions was not found predictive for the treatment of early or advanced staged @entity0 . On the other hand, the expressions of both @entity11 and @entity6 were significantly different with respect to smoking, scar of @entity5 and scar of radiotherapy (P=0.002; P=0.06 and P=0.05, respectively). DISCUSSION: There has not been identified an effective individualized treatment for @entity7 yet. Therefore, in order to be able to develop such a treatment in the future, it is essential to identify the @entity3 that are responsible for the biological behaviors and carcinogenesis of @entity7 . Although we could not show the prognostic and predictive significance of @entity11 , @entity6 and @entity14 expressions in @entity7 , we determined the expression rates of @entity11 , @entity6 and @entity14 as a reference for Turkish @entity0 . In conclusion, we want to put some emphasis on the fact that, @entity10 which is a late complication of radiotherapy at @entity2 , and the scar of @entity5 could be associated with @entity11 and @entity6 expressions.

title: Expression of XXXX , @entity6 , phosphatidyl inositol 3 phosphate kinase and their clinical and prognostic significance in early and advanced stage of squamous cell @entity1 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) @entity3 is a common feature of pathologic cardiovascular event such as @entity1 and @entity2 . The role and mechanisms of microRNAs (miRs) in VSMCs proliferation are poorly understood. Here, we report that miR-181b promotes VSMCs proliferation and migration. In an animal model, miR-181b was significantly increased in the @entity0 carotid artery after balloon catheter injury. Delivery of miR-181b inhibitor to injured artery exhibited a marked inhibition of neointimal @entity3 . Transfection of miR-181b with "mimics" to @entity0 cells accelerated cell proliferation, which was accompanied by an increase of cell migration. The induction of @entity0 cells proliferation by miR-181b appeared to be involved in activation of S and G2/M checkpoint, concomitant with decreases in cell-cycle inhibitors @entity7 and @entity6 , and increases in cell-cycle activators @entity9 and @entity8 . In contract, miR-181b inhibition attenuated @entity0 cells proliferation, inhibited cell migration and arrested cell cycle transition. Moreover, forced miR-181b expression elevated the phosphorylation levels of @entity4 and @entity5 , whereas inhibition of miR-181b produced the opposite effects. Additionally, inhibition of @entity10 and MAPK signaling pathways with specific inhibitors, but not inhibition of JNK pathway, significantly abolished the effects of miR-181b in promoting cell proliferation. These findings demonstrate that miR-181b enhances the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through activation of @entity10 and MAPK pathways.

title: MicroRNA 181b promotes vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation through activation of XXXX and MAPK pathways.

answer: @entity10


abstract: The distribution of @entity1 -selective subunits, @entity4 -4, was determined in the @entity0 hippocampus and cerebellum by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. In the hippocampus, in situ hybridization revealed that @entity4 and @entity5 mRNAs were similarly distributed and highly expressed in the dentate gyrus, with lower levels in the CA regions. @entity3 and @entity6 mRNAs were expressed at very low levels. Immunocytochemical studies showed that @entity4 - and @entity5 /3-immunoreactivity were highest in the dentate molecular and granular layers. In the CA regions, @entity4 and @entity5 /3 staining was observed in pyramidal cell bodies and surrounding neuropil and was more intense in @entity7 compared with @entity2 . @entity6 -immunoreactivity was low throughout the hippocampus. In the cerebellum, @entity4 and @entity6 transcripts were expressed in the granular and Purkinje cell/Bergmann glia layers. @entity5 mRNA was highly expressed in the granular layer and individual Purkinje cells, while @entity3 mRNA was not detectable in the cerebellum. @entity4 - and @entity6 -immunoreactivity were localized to Purkinje cells and putative Bergmann glia, as well as their processes extending into the molecular layer. @entity5 /3 staining was intense in Purkinje cells, with moderate staining in the granular layer. Thus, @entity4 -4 subunits are differentially distributed in the hippocampus and cerebellum. In addition, the distribution of subunit mRNA and protein correlate well with each other and with the glutamatergic neuroanatomy of the hippocampus and cerebellum.

title: Distribution of XXXX -selective glutamate receptor subunits in the @entity0 hippocampus and cerebellum.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The distribution of @entity1 -selective subunits, @entity4 -4, was determined in the @entity0 hippocampus and cerebellum by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. In the hippocampus, in situ hybridization revealed that @entity4 and @entity5 mRNAs were similarly distributed and highly expressed in the dentate gyrus, with lower levels in the CA regions. @entity3 and @entity6 mRNAs were expressed at very low levels. Immunocytochemical studies showed that @entity4 - and @entity5 /3-immunoreactivity were highest in the dentate molecular and granular layers. In the CA regions, @entity4 and @entity5 /3 staining was observed in pyramidal cell bodies and surrounding neuropil and was more intense in @entity7 compared with @entity2 . @entity6 -immunoreactivity was low throughout the hippocampus. In the cerebellum, @entity4 and @entity6 transcripts were expressed in the granular and Purkinje cell/Bergmann glia layers. @entity5 mRNA was highly expressed in the granular layer and individual Purkinje cells, while @entity3 mRNA was not detectable in the cerebellum. @entity4 - and @entity6 -immunoreactivity were localized to Purkinje cells and putative Bergmann glia, as well as their processes extending into the molecular layer. @entity5 /3 staining was intense in Purkinje cells, with moderate staining in the granular layer. Thus, @entity4 -4 subunits are differentially distributed in the hippocampus and cerebellum. In addition, the distribution of subunit mRNA and protein correlate well with each other and with the glutamatergic neuroanatomy of the hippocampus and cerebellum.

title: Distribution of @entity1 -selective glutamate receptor subunits in the XXXX hippocampus and cerebellum.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Decay of the fecal source identifier Bacteroidales in sediments has not been studied until now. Two types of microcosms inoculated with @entity0 , @entity3 and @entity2 feces were constructed to investigate the survival and persistence of host-associated Bacteroidales cells and their DNA, respectively, in freshwater sediments: (i) a completely anaerobic microcosm where feces were entirely mixed with sediments for estimating decay of Bacteroidales in @entity1 -free sediments at two temperatures (6    C and 20    C) and (ii) a core microcosm where feces in the overlying water column settled on top of undisturbed core sediments. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) along with @entity6 ( @entity5 ) was used to differentiate between genetic markers present in intact cells and total intracellular as well as extracellular marker DNA. Regulated fecal indicator bacteria were measured by cultivation ( @entity4 and Enterococcus) and qPCR (Enterococcus) in relation to Bacteroidales-associated host markers. In anaerobic microcosms, the survival and persistence of Bacteroidales cells and DNA in sediments were considerably extended, especially at the lower temperature of 6    C, with two-log reduction times (T99) >56  d (cells) and >169  d (DNA). Bacteroidales DNA persisted up to five times longer than cells in anaerobic microcosms at 6    C, whereas decay rates of cells and DNA were not significantly different at 20    C in anaerobic microcosms. In core microcosms, the levels of Bacteroidales cells and DNA decreased approximately six times more slowly in sediments than in overlying water; T99 values of Bacteroidales cells and DNA were 6-9  d (water) and 29-82  d (sediment). The survival of universal, @entity0 -, ruminant- and @entity2 -associated Bacteroidales cells in sediments was similar in both microcosms under each given condition, as was the persistence of DNA. Decay rate constants of Bacteroidales cells and DNA were comparable with those of cultivable Enterococcus and @entity4 cells in core sediments while Enterococcus DNA levels fluctuated without noticeable decay. The prolonged persistence of host-associated Bacteroidales suggests that sediments should be considered in practical applications of microbial source tracking, because they can act as non-point sources of fecal markers.

title: Survival and persistence of host-associated Bacteroidales cells and DNA in comparison with XXXX and Enterococcus in freshwater sediments as quantified by @entity5 -qPCR and qPCR.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Decay of the fecal source identifier Bacteroidales in sediments has not been studied until now. Two types of microcosms inoculated with @entity0 , @entity3 and @entity2 feces were constructed to investigate the survival and persistence of host-associated Bacteroidales cells and their DNA, respectively, in freshwater sediments: (i) a completely anaerobic microcosm where feces were entirely mixed with sediments for estimating decay of Bacteroidales in @entity1 -free sediments at two temperatures (6    C and 20    C) and (ii) a core microcosm where feces in the overlying water column settled on top of undisturbed core sediments. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) along with @entity6 ( @entity5 ) was used to differentiate between genetic markers present in intact cells and total intracellular as well as extracellular marker DNA. Regulated fecal indicator bacteria were measured by cultivation ( @entity4 and Enterococcus) and qPCR (Enterococcus) in relation to Bacteroidales-associated host markers. In anaerobic microcosms, the survival and persistence of Bacteroidales cells and DNA in sediments were considerably extended, especially at the lower temperature of 6    C, with two-log reduction times (T99) >56  d (cells) and >169  d (DNA). Bacteroidales DNA persisted up to five times longer than cells in anaerobic microcosms at 6    C, whereas decay rates of cells and DNA were not significantly different at 20    C in anaerobic microcosms. In core microcosms, the levels of Bacteroidales cells and DNA decreased approximately six times more slowly in sediments than in overlying water; T99 values of Bacteroidales cells and DNA were 6-9  d (water) and 29-82  d (sediment). The survival of universal, @entity0 -, ruminant- and @entity2 -associated Bacteroidales cells in sediments was similar in both microcosms under each given condition, as was the persistence of DNA. Decay rate constants of Bacteroidales cells and DNA were comparable with those of cultivable Enterococcus and @entity4 cells in core sediments while Enterococcus DNA levels fluctuated without noticeable decay. The prolonged persistence of host-associated Bacteroidales suggests that sediments should be considered in practical applications of microbial source tracking, because they can act as non-point sources of fecal markers.

title: Survival and persistence of host-associated Bacteroidales cells and DNA in comparison with @entity4 and Enterococcus in freshwater sediments as quantified by XXXX -qPCR and qPCR.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Calomys callosus a wild rodent, is a natural host of @entity3 . Twelve C. callosus were infected with 10(5) trypomastigotes of the F strain (a myotropic strain) of @entity3 . @entity4 decreased on the 21st day becoming negative around the 40th day of @entity2 . All animals survived but had positive parasitological tests, until the end of the experiment. The infected animals developed severe @entity0 in the myocardium and skeletal muscle. This process was pronounced from the 26th to the 30th day and gradually subsided from the 50th day becoming absent or residual on the 64th day after @entity2 . Collagen was identified by the picro Sirius red method. Fibrogenesis developed early, but regression of @entity1 occurred between the 50th and 64th day. Ultrastructural study disclosed a predominance of macrophages and fibroblasts in the inflammatory infiltrates, with small numbers of lymphocytes. Macrophages had active phagocytosis and showed points of contact with altered muscle cells. Different degrees of matrix expansion were present, with granular and fibrillar deposits and collagen bundles. These alterations subsided by the 64th days. Macrophages seem to be the main immune effector cell in the C. callosus model of @entity2 with @entity3 . The mechanisms involved in the rapid fibrogenesis and its regression deserve further investigation.

title: Morphological aspects of the myocarditis and myositis in Calomys callosus experimentally infected with XXXX : fibrogenesis and spontaneous regression of @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Calomys callosus a wild rodent, is a natural host of @entity3 . Twelve C. callosus were infected with 10(5) trypomastigotes of the F strain (a myotropic strain) of @entity3 . @entity4 decreased on the 21st day becoming negative around the 40th day of @entity2 . All animals survived but had positive parasitological tests, until the end of the experiment. The infected animals developed severe @entity0 in the myocardium and skeletal muscle. This process was pronounced from the 26th to the 30th day and gradually subsided from the 50th day becoming absent or residual on the 64th day after @entity2 . Collagen was identified by the picro Sirius red method. Fibrogenesis developed early, but regression of @entity1 occurred between the 50th and 64th day. Ultrastructural study disclosed a predominance of macrophages and fibroblasts in the inflammatory infiltrates, with small numbers of lymphocytes. Macrophages had active phagocytosis and showed points of contact with altered muscle cells. Different degrees of matrix expansion were present, with granular and fibrillar deposits and collagen bundles. These alterations subsided by the 64th days. Macrophages seem to be the main immune effector cell in the C. callosus model of @entity2 with @entity3 . The mechanisms involved in the rapid fibrogenesis and its regression deserve further investigation.

title: Morphological aspects of the myocarditis and myositis in Calomys callosus experimentally infected with @entity3 : fibrogenesis and spontaneous regression of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) on bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC) mobilization in @entity1 models of @entity0 /reperfusion (I/R) injury. In addition, the effects of @entity4 and @entity5 on cellular apoptosis were explored in order to determine the protective mechanism of the two factors against @entity0 . A unilateral @entity0 model was established for the model and treatment groups. The treatment and treatment control groups were subcutaneously injected with @entity4 (200   g/kg/day) and @entity5 (50   g/kg/day) 24 h after the establishment of the model for five consecutive days. The total number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood and the cellular percentages of @entity2 ( @entity2 )34(+), renal @entity3 (+) and apoptotic cells were detected. The total number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood and the percentages of @entity3 (+) cells in the treatment and treatment control groups reached maximum levels on the fifth postoperative day and were significantly higher than those in the normal control and model groups. The number of renal @entity3 (+) cells in the treatment group was significantly increased compared with that in the treatment control and model groups. The apoptotic indices (AIs) of the model and treatment groups were higher than those of the normal control and treatment control groups. The AI of the model group was significantly higher than that of the treatment group. In conclusion, the combined application of @entity4 and @entity5 can mobilize sufficient numbers of BMSCs and cause cellular 'homing' to the injured site, thus inhibiting apoptosis and promoting the repair of @entity0 .

title: Effects of autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell mobilization on acute tubular necrosis and cell apoptosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a rare disease. RCITs manifest as solid and cystic masses. In pathological sections, cysts of various sizes, with internal @entity4 and @entity2 , are observed. Components of all germ layer tissue are also observed, the majority of which is located within the endoderm. As the @entity1 contains undifferentiated immature tissue components, RCITs are also termed malignant @entity3 . Immature @entity3 grow rapidly, often invading adjacent tissue to cause serious symptoms, and transfer through the blood and lymph vessels, often resulting in @entity1 . The present study reports the case of an @entity0 with @entity3 . The female @entity0 , aged six months and six days, was hospitalized due to an abdominal mass. Physical examination revealed a large mass (10*8 cm) below the xiphoid in the epigastrium. The mass, which ranged from the xiphoid to the umbilical region, was friable, and possessed a smooth surface, clear boundaries and poor activity, without @entity5 . Upper abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a large, solid, cystic mass in the left, middle and lower retroperitoneum. The @entity0 was admitted to the Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital for surgery. The pre-operative examination was improved following admission by documenting parameters that included the results from routine blood tests, @entity4 and clotting times and cardiography. Retroperitoneal @entity1 resection was then performed. During resection, the @entity1 was found to originate from the retroperitoneum. As the @entity1 involved the gastric wall, a section of the gastric wall was resected, in addition to the @entity1 . The resection surface was yellow and friable. Pathological examination of @entity1 tissue sections revealed the involvement of immature nerves and mesenchymal components, confirming the diagnosis of a grade II immature @entity3 . Subsequent to six months of outpatient follow-up, the @entity0 had recovered well, without recurrence. @entity3 is a clinically rare disease, and the present study adds to the current understanding of this rare condition in @entity0 .

title: XXXX : A case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity3 @entity2 suppressor gene encodes an inhibitor of type D cyclin dependent kinases. @entity3 is homozygously deleted in approximately 25% of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) cell lines and these deletions are associated with advanced stage @entity2 . Conflicting reports of the frequency of @entity3 alterations in @entity4 prompted us to examine the relationship of these alterations and those of the related gene, @entity5 , with @entity0 stage and site of @entity2 . One hundred twenty-five @entity4 samples (71 cell lines and 54 @entity2 ) were examined by PCR-SSCP. Twenty of 71 (28%) @entity2 cell lines had homozygous deletions, and six (8%) had point mutations compared to 4 (7%) with point mutations among 54 @entity2 samples. All mutations were observed in @entity2 or cell lines from @entity0 with @entity2 . Two @entity0 with no mutations in their primary @entity2 had a @entity3 point mutation detected in a @entity1 . Point mutations were G:C to T:A transversion on the coding strand in five of 10 and resulted in nonsense mutations in seven of 10. Undetectable @entity3 mRNA, in the absence of detectable genetic alteration, was noted in a similar fraction of cell lines derived from @entity0 with stage I or II disease [two of seven (29%)] and @entity2 [15 of 49 (31%)]. Homozygous deletion of @entity5 was found in 17 of 20 cell lines with @entity3 deletions; no point mutations of @entity5 were identified by SSCP in the 125 samples. Thus, @entity3 is a frequent target of genetic alterations at 9p21 in @entity4 . Both deletions and point mutations of @entity3 are closely associated with @entity2 dissemination.

title: Mechanism of inactivation of @entity3 and @entity5 in XXXX and association with advanced stage.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity3 @entity2 suppressor gene encodes an inhibitor of type D cyclin dependent kinases. @entity3 is homozygously deleted in approximately 25% of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) cell lines and these deletions are associated with advanced stage @entity2 . Conflicting reports of the frequency of @entity3 alterations in @entity4 prompted us to examine the relationship of these alterations and those of the related gene, @entity5 , with @entity0 stage and site of @entity2 . One hundred twenty-five @entity4 samples (71 cell lines and 54 @entity2 ) were examined by PCR-SSCP. Twenty of 71 (28%) @entity2 cell lines had homozygous deletions, and six (8%) had point mutations compared to 4 (7%) with point mutations among 54 @entity2 samples. All mutations were observed in @entity2 or cell lines from @entity0 with @entity2 . Two @entity0 with no mutations in their primary @entity2 had a @entity3 point mutation detected in a @entity1 . Point mutations were G:C to T:A transversion on the coding strand in five of 10 and resulted in nonsense mutations in seven of 10. Undetectable @entity3 mRNA, in the absence of detectable genetic alteration, was noted in a similar fraction of cell lines derived from @entity0 with stage I or II disease [two of seven (29%)] and @entity2 [15 of 49 (31%)]. Homozygous deletion of @entity5 was found in 17 of 20 cell lines with @entity3 deletions; no point mutations of @entity5 were identified by SSCP in the 125 samples. Thus, @entity3 is a frequent target of genetic alterations at 9p21 in @entity4 . Both deletions and point mutations of @entity3 are closely associated with @entity2 dissemination.

title: Mechanism of inactivation of @entity3 and XXXX in @entity4 and association with advanced stage.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The @entity3 @entity2 suppressor gene encodes an inhibitor of type D cyclin dependent kinases. @entity3 is homozygously deleted in approximately 25% of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) cell lines and these deletions are associated with advanced stage @entity2 . Conflicting reports of the frequency of @entity3 alterations in @entity4 prompted us to examine the relationship of these alterations and those of the related gene, @entity5 , with @entity0 stage and site of @entity2 . One hundred twenty-five @entity4 samples (71 cell lines and 54 @entity2 ) were examined by PCR-SSCP. Twenty of 71 (28%) @entity2 cell lines had homozygous deletions, and six (8%) had point mutations compared to 4 (7%) with point mutations among 54 @entity2 samples. All mutations were observed in @entity2 or cell lines from @entity0 with @entity2 . Two @entity0 with no mutations in their primary @entity2 had a @entity3 point mutation detected in a @entity1 . Point mutations were G:C to T:A transversion on the coding strand in five of 10 and resulted in nonsense mutations in seven of 10. Undetectable @entity3 mRNA, in the absence of detectable genetic alteration, was noted in a similar fraction of cell lines derived from @entity0 with stage I or II disease [two of seven (29%)] and @entity2 [15 of 49 (31%)]. Homozygous deletion of @entity5 was found in 17 of 20 cell lines with @entity3 deletions; no point mutations of @entity5 were identified by SSCP in the 125 samples. Thus, @entity3 is a frequent target of genetic alterations at 9p21 in @entity4 . Both deletions and point mutations of @entity3 are closely associated with @entity2 dissemination.

title: Mechanism of inactivation of XXXX and @entity5 in @entity4 and association with advanced stage.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the proficiency of Spanish laboratories with respect to accurate susceptibility testing and the detection and interpretation of @entity2 resistance phenotypes in Enterobacteriaceae. METHODS: Thirteen strains of Enterobacteriaceae were sent to 62 participating centres throughout Spain; strains harboured GyrA/ParC modifications, reduced permeability and/or plasmid-mediated @entity2 resistance genes. The centres were requested to evaluate @entity1 and five @entity4 , provide raw/interpreted clinical categories and to detect/infer resistance mechanisms. Consensus results from reference centres were used to assign minor, major and very major errors (mEs, MEs and VMEs, respectively). RESULTS: Susceptibility testing in the participating centres was frequently performed using the MicroScan WalkAway, Vitek 2 and Wider systems (48%, 30% and 8%, respectively). CLSI/EUCAST breakpoints were used in 71%/29% of the determinations. The percentage of VMEs for all @entity4 was well below 2%. Only @entity0 and @entity3 showed higher values for raw VMEs (6.6%), which decreased to 0% and 2.9%, respectively, in the interpreted VMEs. These errors were particularly associated with the CC-03 strain [qnrS2+aac(6')-Ib-cr]. For MEs, percentages were always <10%, except in the case of @entity0 and @entity1 . There was a significantly higher percentage of all types of errors for strains whose MICs were at the border of clinical breakpoints. CONCLUSIONS: The use of different breakpoints and methods, the complexity of mutation-driven and transferable resistance mechanisms and the absence of specific tests for detecting low-level resistance lead to high variability and represent a challenge to accuracy in susceptibility testing, particularly in strains with MICs on the border of clinical breakpoints.

title: Challenges to accurate susceptibility testing and interpretation of XXXX resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: results of a Spanish multicentre study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome of a modified onlay island flap (MOIF) with that of the Mathieu urethroplasty for @entity2 repair. @entity0 AND METHODS: In a prospective randomised study, 60 @entity0 with coronal, subcoronal and distal @entity1 , with a urethral plate width of    6  mm, and minimal or no chordee, underwent either MOIF using a midline longitudinal outer preputial skin flap passed ventrally by penile buttonholing through dartos fascia incision, or a Mathieu urethroplasty. Closed envelopes were used for randomly selecting @entity0 for each procedure. The operative duration, complications, cosmetic outcome, urinary stream and relatives' satisfaction were reported for each procedure. RESULTS: Preoperative data ( @entity0 ' age and site of urethral meatus) and operative duration were insignificantly different between the groups (P  =  0.653, 0.786 and 0.710, respectively). There were no intraoperative complications in either group. The duration of follow-up was insignificantly different between the groups. @entity0 treated with the MOIF had a statistically significant lower complication rate (P  =  0.036), and a better cosmetic outcome, urinary stream and relatives' satisfaction (P  <  0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: The MOIF urethroplasty seemed to be better than the Mathieu urethroplasty in @entity0 with @entity2 and narrow urethral plates. Further studies including more @entity0 , and a longer follow-up with an objective evaluation of functional outcome should be encouraged to confirm these early results.

title: A modified onlay island flap vs. Mathieu urethroplasty for XXXX repair: A prospective randomised study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although the vast majority of @entity0 with @entity1 receive effective @entity7 from standard therapy, a few @entity0 , particularly those with @entity2 , continue to experience severe @entity3 despite large doses of systemic or intraspinal opioids. Animal studies suggest intraspinal alpha 2-adrenergic agonists may be effective in such cases. Eighty-five @entity0 with severe @entity1 despite large doses of opioids or with therapy-limiting side effects from opioids were randomized to receive, in a double-blind manner, 30 micrograms/h epidural @entity8 or placebo for 14 days, together with rescue epidural @entity6 . @entity3 was assessed by visual analog score (VAS), McGill @entity3 Questionnaire, and daily epidural @entity6 use. Success was defined as a decrease in either @entity6 use of VAS @entity3 , with the alternative variable either decreasing or remaining constant. Blood pressure, heart rate, and degree of @entity4 and sedation were monitored. Successful @entity7 was more common with epidural @entity8 (45%) than with placebo (21%). This was particularly prominent in those with @entity2 (56% vs. 5%). @entity3 scores were lower at the end of the treatment period in @entity0 with @entity2 treated with @entity8 rather than placebo, whereas @entity6 use was unaffected. @entity8 , but not placebo, decreased blood pressure and heart rate. @entity5 was considered a serious complication in 2 @entity0 receiving @entity8 and in 1 @entity0 receiving placebo. This study confirms the findings from previous animal studies which showed the effective, potent analgesic properties of intraspinal alpha 2-adrenergic agonists and suggests that epidural @entity8 may provide effective relief for intractable @entity1 , particular of the neuropathic type.

title: Epidural @entity8 XXXX for intractable @entity1 . The Epidural @entity8 Study Group.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Although the vast majority of @entity0 with @entity1 receive effective @entity7 from standard therapy, a few @entity0 , particularly those with @entity2 , continue to experience severe @entity3 despite large doses of systemic or intraspinal opioids. Animal studies suggest intraspinal alpha 2-adrenergic agonists may be effective in such cases. Eighty-five @entity0 with severe @entity1 despite large doses of opioids or with therapy-limiting side effects from opioids were randomized to receive, in a double-blind manner, 30 micrograms/h epidural @entity8 or placebo for 14 days, together with rescue epidural @entity6 . @entity3 was assessed by visual analog score (VAS), McGill @entity3 Questionnaire, and daily epidural @entity6 use. Success was defined as a decrease in either @entity6 use of VAS @entity3 , with the alternative variable either decreasing or remaining constant. Blood pressure, heart rate, and degree of @entity4 and sedation were monitored. Successful @entity7 was more common with epidural @entity8 (45%) than with placebo (21%). This was particularly prominent in those with @entity2 (56% vs. 5%). @entity3 scores were lower at the end of the treatment period in @entity0 with @entity2 treated with @entity8 rather than placebo, whereas @entity6 use was unaffected. @entity8 , but not placebo, decreased blood pressure and heart rate. @entity5 was considered a serious complication in 2 @entity0 receiving @entity8 and in 1 @entity0 receiving placebo. This study confirms the findings from previous animal studies which showed the effective, potent analgesic properties of intraspinal alpha 2-adrenergic agonists and suggests that epidural @entity8 may provide effective relief for intractable @entity1 , particular of the neuropathic type.

title: Epidural XXXX @entity7 for intractable @entity1 . The Epidural @entity8 Study Group.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Although the vast majority of @entity0 with @entity1 receive effective @entity7 from standard therapy, a few @entity0 , particularly those with @entity2 , continue to experience severe @entity3 despite large doses of systemic or intraspinal opioids. Animal studies suggest intraspinal alpha 2-adrenergic agonists may be effective in such cases. Eighty-five @entity0 with severe @entity1 despite large doses of opioids or with therapy-limiting side effects from opioids were randomized to receive, in a double-blind manner, 30 micrograms/h epidural @entity8 or placebo for 14 days, together with rescue epidural @entity6 . @entity3 was assessed by visual analog score (VAS), McGill @entity3 Questionnaire, and daily epidural @entity6 use. Success was defined as a decrease in either @entity6 use of VAS @entity3 , with the alternative variable either decreasing or remaining constant. Blood pressure, heart rate, and degree of @entity4 and sedation were monitored. Successful @entity7 was more common with epidural @entity8 (45%) than with placebo (21%). This was particularly prominent in those with @entity2 (56% vs. 5%). @entity3 scores were lower at the end of the treatment period in @entity0 with @entity2 treated with @entity8 rather than placebo, whereas @entity6 use was unaffected. @entity8 , but not placebo, decreased blood pressure and heart rate. @entity5 was considered a serious complication in 2 @entity0 receiving @entity8 and in 1 @entity0 receiving placebo. This study confirms the findings from previous animal studies which showed the effective, potent analgesic properties of intraspinal alpha 2-adrenergic agonists and suggests that epidural @entity8 may provide effective relief for intractable @entity1 , particular of the neuropathic type.

title: Epidural @entity8 @entity7 for intractable @entity1 . The Epidural XXXX Study Group.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Although the vast majority of @entity0 with @entity1 receive effective @entity7 from standard therapy, a few @entity0 , particularly those with @entity2 , continue to experience severe @entity3 despite large doses of systemic or intraspinal opioids. Animal studies suggest intraspinal alpha 2-adrenergic agonists may be effective in such cases. Eighty-five @entity0 with severe @entity1 despite large doses of opioids or with therapy-limiting side effects from opioids were randomized to receive, in a double-blind manner, 30 micrograms/h epidural @entity8 or placebo for 14 days, together with rescue epidural @entity6 . @entity3 was assessed by visual analog score (VAS), McGill @entity3 Questionnaire, and daily epidural @entity6 use. Success was defined as a decrease in either @entity6 use of VAS @entity3 , with the alternative variable either decreasing or remaining constant. Blood pressure, heart rate, and degree of @entity4 and sedation were monitored. Successful @entity7 was more common with epidural @entity8 (45%) than with placebo (21%). This was particularly prominent in those with @entity2 (56% vs. 5%). @entity3 scores were lower at the end of the treatment period in @entity0 with @entity2 treated with @entity8 rather than placebo, whereas @entity6 use was unaffected. @entity8 , but not placebo, decreased blood pressure and heart rate. @entity5 was considered a serious complication in 2 @entity0 receiving @entity8 and in 1 @entity0 receiving placebo. This study confirms the findings from previous animal studies which showed the effective, potent analgesic properties of intraspinal alpha 2-adrenergic agonists and suggests that epidural @entity8 may provide effective relief for intractable @entity1 , particular of the neuropathic type.

title: Epidural @entity8 @entity7 for intractable XXXX . The Epidural @entity8 Study Group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Laryngeal @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is extremely rare, worldwide. From January 1994 to January 2014, all cases of laryngeal @entity6 that were diagnosed in the four largest hospitals in Hainan province, were reviewed. Only two such cases were identified. The first @entity0 had a @entity1 in the subglottic region and the second @entity0 , in the glottic region. The @entity0 with subglottic @entity6 , who had experienced ongoing symptoms for 3 years, had previously been diagnosed with @entity3 , at a local hospital. Both presented at an advanced stage. The @entity0 with @entity2 received a total laryngectomy with a positive surgical margin, was treated with adjuvant radiotherapy, and later succumbed to a @entity4 as a result of pulmonary metastases. The @entity0 with @entity2 received a partial laryngectomy and declined adjuvant radiotherapy. Subsequently, she developed recurrent disease and passed away following an episode of @entity5 at 14 months post-surgery. Each of these cases had a poor prognosis at presentation. For @entity0 with locoregionally advanced laryngeal @entity6 , more effective management strategies are required.

title: XXXX of the larynx: A report of two cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: There are 40 @entity0 with @entity8 diagnosed in Albania; 24 were males and 16 females with an average age 18.8 +/- 8.47 years. The incidence rate was 1:75.000 and prevalence rate 1:148.000. According to clinical data, the @entity9 was found in 75% of the cases, the neurologic in 60% and mental disturbances in 27.5%. The liver was damaged in all the cases of @entity2 or @entity7 . In 35% signs of @entity10 were seen. Comparing these data with a control group of 60 alcoholic or viral @entity1 with @entity10 , it was found that @entity10 is encountered in younger ages (p < 0.0001). The platelets were lower in @entity8 than in the control group (p < 0.05), but leucocytes were lower in the control group (p < 0.001). Portal @entity3 was found in 42.5% of the cases. Six of these (35.3%) were complicated by @entity5 . In two twins the disease was accompanied with another @entity4 : genu valgum bilateralis. Two other @entity0 had @entity6 of the parotis gland, six @entity0 had signs of acute haemolysis, accompanied by @entity11 , Coombs negative.

title: XXXX in Albania.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that asymptomatic @entity1 may appear before 50 years of age. BACKGROUND: @entity2 has an asymptomatic stage during which @entity0 are cognitively intact despite having substantial pathologic changes in the brain. While this asymptomatic stage is common in older @entity0 , how early in life it may develop has been unknown. METHODS: We microscopically examined the postmortem brains of 154 @entity0 aged 30 to 39 years (n=59) and 40 to 50 years (n=95) for specific @entity2 : beta-amyloid plaques, @entity6 , and tau-positive neurites. We genotyped DNA samples for the @entity5 gene ( @entity5 ). RESULTS: We found beta-amyloid lesions in 13 brains, all of them from @entity0 aged 40 to 49 with no history of @entity3 . These plaques were of the diffuse type only and appeared throughout the neocortex. Among these 13 brains, five had very subtle tau lesions in the entorhinal cortex and/or hippocampus. All individuals with @entity4 carried one or two @entity5 alleles. Among the individuals aged 40 to 50 with genotype @entity5 /4, 10 (36%) had @entity4 but 18 (64%) had none. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that @entity4 in the cerebral cortex appear as early as 40 years of age in @entity5 carriers, suggesting that these lesions may constitute a very early stage of @entity2 . Future preventive and therapeutic measures for this disease may have to be stratified by risk factors like @entity5 genotype and may need to target @entity0 in their 40s or even earlier.

title: XXXX in the Autopsied Brains of @entity0 30 to 50 Years of Age.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that asymptomatic @entity1 may appear before 50 years of age. BACKGROUND: @entity2 has an asymptomatic stage during which @entity0 are cognitively intact despite having substantial pathologic changes in the brain. While this asymptomatic stage is common in older @entity0 , how early in life it may develop has been unknown. METHODS: We microscopically examined the postmortem brains of 154 @entity0 aged 30 to 39 years (n=59) and 40 to 50 years (n=95) for specific @entity2 : beta-amyloid plaques, @entity6 , and tau-positive neurites. We genotyped DNA samples for the @entity5 gene ( @entity5 ). RESULTS: We found beta-amyloid lesions in 13 brains, all of them from @entity0 aged 40 to 49 with no history of @entity3 . These plaques were of the diffuse type only and appeared throughout the neocortex. Among these 13 brains, five had very subtle tau lesions in the entorhinal cortex and/or hippocampus. All individuals with @entity4 carried one or two @entity5 alleles. Among the individuals aged 40 to 50 with genotype @entity5 /4, 10 (36%) had @entity4 but 18 (64%) had none. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that @entity4 in the cerebral cortex appear as early as 40 years of age in @entity5 carriers, suggesting that these lesions may constitute a very early stage of @entity2 . Future preventive and therapeutic measures for this disease may have to be stratified by risk factors like @entity5 genotype and may need to target @entity0 in their 40s or even earlier.

title: @entity2 in the Autopsied Brains of XXXX 30 to 50 Years of Age.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To use functional magnetic resonance imaging to map the auditory cortical fields that are activated, or nonreactive, to sounds in @entity0 M.L., who has @entity4 caused by @entity1 to the inferior colliculi. BACKGROUND: The @entity0 cannot recognize speech or environmental sounds. Her discrimination is greatly facilitated by context and visibility of the speaker's @entity2 , and under forced-choice testing. Her auditory temporal resolution is severely compromised. Her discrimination is more impaired for words differing in voice onset time than place of articulation. Words presented to her right ear are extinguished with dichotic presentation; auditory stimuli in the right hemifield are mislocalized to the left. METHODS: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine cortical activations to different categories of meaningful sounds embedded in a block design. RESULTS: Sounds activated the caudal sub-area of M.L.'s primary auditory cortex ( @entity3 ) bilaterally and her right posterior superior temporal gyrus (auditory dorsal stream), but not the rostral sub-area (hR) of her primary auditory cortex or the anterior superior temporal gyrus in either hemisphere (auditory ventral stream). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 reflects dysfunction of the auditory ventral stream. The ventral and dorsal auditory streams are already segregated as early as the primary auditory cortex, with the ventral stream projecting from hR and the dorsal stream from @entity3 . M.L.'s leftward localization bias, preserved audiovisual integration, and phoneme perception are explained by preserved processing in her right auditory dorsal stream.

title: Functional Mapping of the XXXX Auditory Cortex: fMRI Investigation of a @entity0 with Auditory Agnosia from Trauma to the Inferior Colliculus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To use functional magnetic resonance imaging to map the auditory cortical fields that are activated, or nonreactive, to sounds in @entity0 M.L., who has @entity4 caused by @entity1 to the inferior colliculi. BACKGROUND: The @entity0 cannot recognize speech or environmental sounds. Her discrimination is greatly facilitated by context and visibility of the speaker's @entity2 , and under forced-choice testing. Her auditory temporal resolution is severely compromised. Her discrimination is more impaired for words differing in voice onset time than place of articulation. Words presented to her right ear are extinguished with dichotic presentation; auditory stimuli in the right hemifield are mislocalized to the left. METHODS: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine cortical activations to different categories of meaningful sounds embedded in a block design. RESULTS: Sounds activated the caudal sub-area of M.L.'s primary auditory cortex ( @entity3 ) bilaterally and her right posterior superior temporal gyrus (auditory dorsal stream), but not the rostral sub-area (hR) of her primary auditory cortex or the anterior superior temporal gyrus in either hemisphere (auditory ventral stream). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 reflects dysfunction of the auditory ventral stream. The ventral and dorsal auditory streams are already segregated as early as the primary auditory cortex, with the ventral stream projecting from hR and the dorsal stream from @entity3 . M.L.'s leftward localization bias, preserved audiovisual integration, and phoneme perception are explained by preserved processing in her right auditory dorsal stream.

title: Functional Mapping of the @entity0 Auditory Cortex: fMRI Investigation of a XXXX with Auditory Agnosia from Trauma to the Inferior Colliculus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Many upper limb amputees experience an incessant, post-amputation "phantom @entity1 " and report that their missing limbs feel paralyzed in an uncomfortable posture. One hypothesis is that efferent commands no longer generate expected afferent signals, such as proprioceptive feedback from changes in limb configuration, and that the mismatch of motor commands and @entity2 is interpreted as @entity1 . Non-invasive therapeutic techniques for treating phantom @entity1 , such as @entity2 ( @entity2 ), rely on visualizations of postural changes. Advances in neural interfaces for artificial sensory feedback now make it possible to combine @entity2 with a high-tech " @entity4 , in which subjects develop a sense of embodiment with a fake hand when subjected to congruent visual and somatosensory feedback. We discuss clinical benefits that could arise from the confluence of known concepts such as @entity2 and the @entity4 , and new technologies such as neural interfaces for sensory feedback and highly sensorized robot hand testbeds, such as the "BairClaw" presented here. Our multi-articulating, anthropomorphic robot testbed can be used to study proprioceptive and tactile sensory stimuli during physical finger-object interactions. Conceived for artificial grasp, manipulation, and haptic exploration, the BairClaw could also be used for future studies on the neurorehabilitation of @entity0 or loss. A remote actuation system enables the modular control of tendon-driven hands. The artificial proprioception system enables direct measurement of joint angles and tendon @entity3 while temperature, vibration, and skin deformation are provided by a multimodal tactile sensor. The provision of multimodal sensory feedback that is spatiotemporally consistent with commanded actions could lead to benefits such as reduced phantom @entity1 , and increased prosthesis use due to improved functionality and reduced cognitive burden.

title: A robot hand testbed designed for enhancing embodiment and functional neurorehabilitation of body schema in subjects with upper XXXX or loss.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to compare the projected long-term clinical and cost implications associated with liraglutide, @entity6 and @entity7 in @entity0 with @entity1 failing to achieve glycemic control on @entity3 monotherapy in France. METHODS: Clinical input data for the modeling analysis were taken from two randomized, controlled trials ( @entity4 and LEAD-2). Long-term ( @entity0 lifetime) projections of clinical outcomes and direct costs (2013 @entity5 ;    ) were made using a validated computer simulation model of @entity2 2 @entity1 . Costs were taken from published France-specific sources. Future costs and clinical benefits were discounted at 3% annually. Sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: Liraglutide was associated with an increase in quality-adjusted life expectancy of 0.25 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and an increase in mean direct healthcare costs of    2558 per @entity0 compared with @entity6 . In the comparison with @entity7 , liraglutide was associated with an increase in quality-adjusted life expectancy of 0.23 QALYs and an increase in direct costs of    4695. Based on these estimates, liraglutide was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of    10,275 per QALY gained vs @entity6 and    20,709 per QALY gained vs @entity7 in France. CONCLUSION: Calculated ICERs for both comparisons fell below the commonly quoted willingness-to-pay threshold of    30,000 per QALY gained. Therefore, liraglutide is likely to be cost-effective vs @entity6 and @entity7 from a healthcare payer perspective in France.

title: Evaluation of the long-term cost-effectiveness of liraglutide therapy for @entity0 with XXXX 2 @entity1 in France.

answer: @entity2