abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the cause of acute @entity3 observed in the treatment of @entity2 with extended-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (EF-IMRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: EF-IMRT was used to treat @entity2 , with the gross target volume receiving 70 Gy and the clinical target volume 60 Gy. A thermoplastic mask covering the head, neck, and shoulder was used for immobilization. Dosimetric studies were conducted to investigate the possible causes of the skin reactions, such as the bolus effect of the mask, the use of multiple tangential beams with IMRT plans, and the way in which the physicians contoured the lymph nodes. The dose-volume histograms of conventional opposed-lateral fields were compared with that of the multiple tangential EF-IMRT fields. IMRT plans with neck nodes contoured up to and including the skin surface were compared with plans that contoured the neck nodes 5 mm away from the skin surface. In addition, IMRT plans defining the skin as a sensitive structure were compared with plans that did not define the skin as a sensitive structure. All plans were created using an anthropomorphic Rando phantom, and the skin doses were measured with and without the mask. In each measurement, 6 thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were placed at the lateral and medial surfaces of the neck. RESULTS: For all four plans, the measured skin doses with the mask were consistently higher than those without the mask. The average dose increase was about 18% owing to the bolus effect of the mask. Multiple tangential fields used in IMRT plans contributed to an increase in skin dose by about 19% and 27%, with and without the mask, respectively. If the skin of the neck was contoured as a sensitive structure for dose optimization, the volume of skin that received >45 Gy was further reduced by about 20%. Five @entity0 immobilized with head and shoulder masks were treated with EF-IMRT plans with the neck nodes carefully delineated away from the skin surface. The neck skin was identified as a sensitive structure for dose optimization. Grade 1 @entity3 was observed in 3 @entity0 , Grade 2 in 1 @entity0 , and Grade 3 in 1 @entity0 toward the end of treatment. CONCLUSION: Multiple factors contributed to the observed acute skin reaction for @entity2 @entity0 treated with EF-IMRT. By taking into consideration the skin as a sensitive structure during inverse planning, it was possible to reduce the skin dose to a tolerable level without compromising @entity1 target coverage.

title: XXXX due to intensity-modulated radiotherapy for @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the cause of acute @entity3 observed in the treatment of @entity2 with extended-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (EF-IMRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: EF-IMRT was used to treat @entity2 , with the gross target volume receiving 70 Gy and the clinical target volume 60 Gy. A thermoplastic mask covering the head, neck, and shoulder was used for immobilization. Dosimetric studies were conducted to investigate the possible causes of the skin reactions, such as the bolus effect of the mask, the use of multiple tangential beams with IMRT plans, and the way in which the physicians contoured the lymph nodes. The dose-volume histograms of conventional opposed-lateral fields were compared with that of the multiple tangential EF-IMRT fields. IMRT plans with neck nodes contoured up to and including the skin surface were compared with plans that contoured the neck nodes 5 mm away from the skin surface. In addition, IMRT plans defining the skin as a sensitive structure were compared with plans that did not define the skin as a sensitive structure. All plans were created using an anthropomorphic Rando phantom, and the skin doses were measured with and without the mask. In each measurement, 6 thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were placed at the lateral and medial surfaces of the neck. RESULTS: For all four plans, the measured skin doses with the mask were consistently higher than those without the mask. The average dose increase was about 18% owing to the bolus effect of the mask. Multiple tangential fields used in IMRT plans contributed to an increase in skin dose by about 19% and 27%, with and without the mask, respectively. If the skin of the neck was contoured as a sensitive structure for dose optimization, the volume of skin that received >45 Gy was further reduced by about 20%. Five @entity0 immobilized with head and shoulder masks were treated with EF-IMRT plans with the neck nodes carefully delineated away from the skin surface. The neck skin was identified as a sensitive structure for dose optimization. Grade 1 @entity3 was observed in 3 @entity0 , Grade 2 in 1 @entity0 , and Grade 3 in 1 @entity0 toward the end of treatment. CONCLUSION: Multiple factors contributed to the observed acute skin reaction for @entity2 @entity0 treated with EF-IMRT. By taking into consideration the skin as a sensitive structure during inverse planning, it was possible to reduce the skin dose to a tolerable level without compromising @entity1 target coverage.

title: @entity3 due to intensity-modulated radiotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 -curing agent for @entity5 resin, @entity10 (commercial name; @entity10 ) has been suspected to have induced in the workers some @entity3 signs such as collagen disease like @entity6 or @entity8 . Subacute @entity3 of this agent was studied in @entity0 following repeated oral administration. The agent was given orally at 5 dose levels (25 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg per one dose) for periods ranging from 10 days to 4 weeks. After the completion of administration, clinico-biochemical tests and histopathological examinations were carried out. In a few cases, skeletal muscles and choroid plexus of the brain were examined by electronmicroscopy. Clinico-biochemical tests revealed some elevation of muscle-derived components such as GOT and CPK as seen in the @entity1 . Histologically, various degrees of @entity4 , degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers and a numerical increase of interstitial cells were observed in the skeletal muscles. Electronmicroscopical examination of the gastrocnemius muscle revealed intrasarcoplasmic osmiophilic round-shaped inclusion bodies, sometimes with lamellar structure, which were suggestive of some @entity9 . The epithelial cells of choroid plexus in the brain ventricles represented various degrees of vacuolar changes lightmicroscopically, which were suggested to be dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum electronmicroscopically. Although @entity6 -like changes were not observed in our experiments, the results suggest that this @entity7 -curing agent for @entity5 resin could be one of the causative agents which induced @entity3 lesions like some collagen diseases including @entity2 in the workers. In addition, it is considered that the agent may have systemic @entity3 effects.

title: Clinico-pathological changes induced in @entity0 treated with @entity7 -curing agent for XXXX resin, @entity10 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity7 -curing agent for @entity5 resin, @entity10 (commercial name; @entity10 ) has been suspected to have induced in the workers some @entity3 signs such as collagen disease like @entity6 or @entity8 . Subacute @entity3 of this agent was studied in @entity0 following repeated oral administration. The agent was given orally at 5 dose levels (25 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg per one dose) for periods ranging from 10 days to 4 weeks. After the completion of administration, clinico-biochemical tests and histopathological examinations were carried out. In a few cases, skeletal muscles and choroid plexus of the brain were examined by electronmicroscopy. Clinico-biochemical tests revealed some elevation of muscle-derived components such as GOT and CPK as seen in the @entity1 . Histologically, various degrees of @entity4 , degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers and a numerical increase of interstitial cells were observed in the skeletal muscles. Electronmicroscopical examination of the gastrocnemius muscle revealed intrasarcoplasmic osmiophilic round-shaped inclusion bodies, sometimes with lamellar structure, which were suggestive of some @entity9 . The epithelial cells of choroid plexus in the brain ventricles represented various degrees of vacuolar changes lightmicroscopically, which were suggested to be dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum electronmicroscopically. Although @entity6 -like changes were not observed in our experiments, the results suggest that this @entity7 -curing agent for @entity5 resin could be one of the causative agents which induced @entity3 lesions like some collagen diseases including @entity2 in the workers. In addition, it is considered that the agent may have systemic @entity3 effects.

title: Clinico-pathological changes induced in @entity0 treated with XXXX -curing agent for @entity5 resin, @entity10 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 -curing agent for @entity5 resin, @entity10 (commercial name; @entity10 ) has been suspected to have induced in the workers some @entity3 signs such as collagen disease like @entity6 or @entity8 . Subacute @entity3 of this agent was studied in @entity0 following repeated oral administration. The agent was given orally at 5 dose levels (25 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg per one dose) for periods ranging from 10 days to 4 weeks. After the completion of administration, clinico-biochemical tests and histopathological examinations were carried out. In a few cases, skeletal muscles and choroid plexus of the brain were examined by electronmicroscopy. Clinico-biochemical tests revealed some elevation of muscle-derived components such as GOT and CPK as seen in the @entity1 . Histologically, various degrees of @entity4 , degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers and a numerical increase of interstitial cells were observed in the skeletal muscles. Electronmicroscopical examination of the gastrocnemius muscle revealed intrasarcoplasmic osmiophilic round-shaped inclusion bodies, sometimes with lamellar structure, which were suggestive of some @entity9 . The epithelial cells of choroid plexus in the brain ventricles represented various degrees of vacuolar changes lightmicroscopically, which were suggested to be dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum electronmicroscopically. Although @entity6 -like changes were not observed in our experiments, the results suggest that this @entity7 -curing agent for @entity5 resin could be one of the causative agents which induced @entity3 lesions like some collagen diseases including @entity2 in the workers. In addition, it is considered that the agent may have systemic @entity3 effects.

title: Clinico-pathological changes induced in @entity0 treated with @entity7 -curing agent for @entity5 resin, XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity7 -curing agent for @entity5 resin, @entity10 (commercial name; @entity10 ) has been suspected to have induced in the workers some @entity3 signs such as collagen disease like @entity6 or @entity8 . Subacute @entity3 of this agent was studied in @entity0 following repeated oral administration. The agent was given orally at 5 dose levels (25 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg per one dose) for periods ranging from 10 days to 4 weeks. After the completion of administration, clinico-biochemical tests and histopathological examinations were carried out. In a few cases, skeletal muscles and choroid plexus of the brain were examined by electronmicroscopy. Clinico-biochemical tests revealed some elevation of muscle-derived components such as GOT and CPK as seen in the @entity1 . Histologically, various degrees of @entity4 , degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers and a numerical increase of interstitial cells were observed in the skeletal muscles. Electronmicroscopical examination of the gastrocnemius muscle revealed intrasarcoplasmic osmiophilic round-shaped inclusion bodies, sometimes with lamellar structure, which were suggestive of some @entity9 . The epithelial cells of choroid plexus in the brain ventricles represented various degrees of vacuolar changes lightmicroscopically, which were suggested to be dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum electronmicroscopically. Although @entity6 -like changes were not observed in our experiments, the results suggest that this @entity7 -curing agent for @entity5 resin could be one of the causative agents which induced @entity3 lesions like some collagen diseases including @entity2 in the workers. In addition, it is considered that the agent may have systemic @entity3 effects.

title: Clinico-pathological changes induced in XXXX treated with @entity7 -curing agent for @entity5 resin, @entity10 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite many studies demonstrating memory and executive impairments in young and old @entity2 @entity0 , the relationships between age, executive functioning and memory have not been evaluated in @entity2 . The aim of this study was to investigate if older @entity0 were more vulnerable than younger @entity0 to the impact of @entity2 on memory and if the differences between young and old @entity2 could be related to executive functioning. METHODS: Forty-nine inpatients, with @entity1 , ranging in age from 19 to 72 years were compared with 70 controls on a verbal memory task. Age cut-off of 45 years was used as a categorical variable to divide subjects into subgroups. A subset of @entity0 (n=41) was also evaluated with the modified version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and separated into a non-dysexecutive group and a group of @entity0 with mild-executive impairment. RESULTS: @entity2 @entity0 exhibited @entity5 with a pattern of memory failure -- impaired free recall and normal cued recall and recognition -- interpreted as a retrieval problem. Both age and executive function influenced memory performance in @entity2 , however neither group x age interaction nor age x executive status interaction were significant. Multiple regression analysis showed that free recall scores were related to age and @entity3 in @entity2 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Age and executive functioning have different influences on the memory performance of @entity2 @entity0 . Our findings support an 'executive memory decline hypothesis' in young as well as old @entity2 @entity0 . The @entity5 in @entity2 may be associated with both trait and state factors and raise questions about the long-term cognitive functioning of @entity0 with recurrent @entity4 .

title: Influence of age and executive functioning on verbal memory of inpatients with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arterial fenestrations are associated with @entity3 that are often difficult to treat with open surgical techniques. We evaluated our experience with endovascular treatment of such @entity3 . METHODS: Ten consecutive @entity0 with 11 basilar @entity2 associated with fenestrations were treated with coils by means of the endovascular route between November 1994 and February 2000. All @entity0 underwent endovascular embolization by the femoral approach, under general anesthesia. Twelve embolization procedures were perfomed in the 10 @entity0 . RESULTS: Nine proximal and two distal basilar @entity2 were treated successfully. The embolization was complete in 10 of the 11 @entity3 . It was incomplete in one case, and complete @entity1 could not be achieved at the second attempt. There was one regrowth at 1-year follow-up, which was successfully treated again. Four of the @entity3 were treated initially with @entity3 with regrowth and one with incomplete @entity1 were treated with balloon remodeling at the second embolization procedure. In one case, one limb of the fenestration was sacrificed. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of basilar @entity2 associated with fenestrations appears to offer advantages over traditional open surgical techniques.

title: Endovascular management of basilar XXXX associated with fenestrations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increasing evidence exists that cerebral gray matter (GM) from @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is not spared. This study was performed to quantify in vivo the extent of cerebral GM pathologic abnormality in @entity0 with relapsing-remitting (RR), secondary progressive (SP), and primary progressive @entity1 , by using diffusion tensor (DT) MR imaging. METHODS: Dual-echo and DT MR imaging of the brain were performed in 102 @entity0 with @entity1 and 30 healthy volunteers. After GM segmentation using a technique based on diffusion anisotropy thresholding, average diffusivity (D) histograms of the cerebral GM were produced for all @entity0 . RESULTS: All D histogram-derived metrics of the GM were significantly different between control volunteers and the whole @entity1 population. No significant difference was found for any of the D histogram-derived metrics between control volunteers and @entity0 with RRMS, whereas significant differences were found for D and D histogram peak location between control volunteers and @entity0 with PPMS. All the D histogram-derived metrics differed significantly between @entity0 with RRMS and @entity0 with SPMS. @entity0 with SPMS also had significantly lower D than did @entity0 with PPMS. All D histogram-derived metrics of the GM were strongly correlated with the T2 lesion volume. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the presence of brain GM changes in @entity0 with @entity1 . It also shows that the extent of such changes is greater during the progressive forms of the disease.

title: Quantification of brain gray matter damage in different XXXX phenotypes by use of diffusion tensor MR imaging.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish a community health care system for screening community-dwelling older @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and early diagnosis by a medical specialist. METHODS: Out of all the elderly residents aged 65 years and over living in Yoita town in 2000 (n = 1673), 1544 participated in the interview survey held at community halls or at home (92.3% response). They underwent a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for assessment of cognitive function and answered questionnaires covering socio-demographic, psychological, physical and medical, and social activity items (2000/11). We defined @entity1 as an MMSE < or = 1 SD below the age-specific mean (n = 371). Out of a total eligible population of 332, 158 pairs of subjects and their proxies participated in a follow-up survey (2001/11). The subjects themselves underwent MMSE again, and were asked for complaints of memory-related problems. Proxies answered about functional capacity and memory-related problems of subjects, for which we assessed the level of @entity3 with the Clinical @entity3 Rating (CDR). We established criteria for encouragement to undergo detailed examination by a medical specialist as follows. 1) MMSE scores < or = 1 SD below age-specific means at both baseline and follow-up surveys, or 2) CDR > or = 0.5, and 3) not due to @entity4 . RESULTS: Non- @entity0 had significant higher MMSE scores but were younger in the follow-up survey. Out of 96 subjects eligible for the detailed examination, 47 @entity0 showed a tendency for older age with lower MMSE scores or younger age with higher MMSE scores than the average in the follow-up survey. The detailed examinations confirmed @entity3 of @entity2 in 22 and @entity5 in 13 on DSM-IV or magnetic resonance imaging. During our screening, 8 community care saloons were opened and the number of facilities for older @entity0 with @entity1 is increasing. CONCLUSIONS: To establish a community health care system to screen and cope with community-dwelling older @entity0 with @entity1 in earlier stages, increased awareness of residents with slight @entity1 is especially important. Our attempt also suggested the importance of educational lectures, methods for testing cognitive function, and @entity3 care activity.

title: [Toward constructing a system for detecting and coping with XXXX in early stages among community-dwelling older @entity0 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish a community health care system for screening community-dwelling older @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and early diagnosis by a medical specialist. METHODS: Out of all the elderly residents aged 65 years and over living in Yoita town in 2000 (n = 1673), 1544 participated in the interview survey held at community halls or at home (92.3% response). They underwent a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for assessment of cognitive function and answered questionnaires covering socio-demographic, psychological, physical and medical, and social activity items (2000/11). We defined @entity1 as an MMSE < or = 1 SD below the age-specific mean (n = 371). Out of a total eligible population of 332, 158 pairs of subjects and their proxies participated in a follow-up survey (2001/11). The subjects themselves underwent MMSE again, and were asked for complaints of memory-related problems. Proxies answered about functional capacity and memory-related problems of subjects, for which we assessed the level of @entity3 with the Clinical @entity3 Rating (CDR). We established criteria for encouragement to undergo detailed examination by a medical specialist as follows. 1) MMSE scores < or = 1 SD below age-specific means at both baseline and follow-up surveys, or 2) CDR > or = 0.5, and 3) not due to @entity4 . RESULTS: Non- @entity0 had significant higher MMSE scores but were younger in the follow-up survey. Out of 96 subjects eligible for the detailed examination, 47 @entity0 showed a tendency for older age with lower MMSE scores or younger age with higher MMSE scores than the average in the follow-up survey. The detailed examinations confirmed @entity3 of @entity2 in 22 and @entity5 in 13 on DSM-IV or magnetic resonance imaging. During our screening, 8 community care saloons were opened and the number of facilities for older @entity0 with @entity1 is increasing. CONCLUSIONS: To establish a community health care system to screen and cope with community-dwelling older @entity0 with @entity1 in earlier stages, increased awareness of residents with slight @entity1 is especially important. Our attempt also suggested the importance of educational lectures, methods for testing cognitive function, and @entity3 care activity.

title: [Toward constructing a system for detecting and coping with @entity2 in early stages among community-dwelling older XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is strongly concerned with the pathogenesis of urinary stones. @entity5 is mainly regulated by the serum @entity4 concentration and not by other hormones, as is usually the case. We studied whether @entity5 is also regulated by adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( @entity8 ) or not. @entity8 (0.25 mg) was injected intravenously to 17 @entity0 with @entity3 PHP, 7 @entity0 with @entity7 , 7 @entity0 with @entity1 , and 6 control subjects. Serum @entity4 was significantly increased in only PHP. The serum @entity4 increase rate showed a significant positive correlation with serum alkaline phosphatase, and a negative correlation with the preinjected serum @entity4 . @entity5 was slightly increased in all four groups. Serum @entity6 and @entity8 concentrations were not significantly different among the groups. @entity5 concentration in a culture medium of parathyroid tissues increased after @entity8 addition. Serum @entity4 was significantly increased after @entity8 injection in an adrenalectomized @entity2 , and decreased in a parathyroidectomized @entity2 . From our data and those of others, it appears that @entity8 acts on the adrenal glands to decrease the serum @entity4 concentration, and might act directly on the parathyroid gland or bones to increase it.

title: [Studies on the endocrinological metabolism of the parathyroid. II. Influence of XXXX on parathyroid function and @entity4 metabolism].

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is strongly concerned with the pathogenesis of urinary stones. @entity5 is mainly regulated by the serum @entity4 concentration and not by other hormones, as is usually the case. We studied whether @entity5 is also regulated by adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( @entity8 ) or not. @entity8 (0.25 mg) was injected intravenously to 17 @entity0 with @entity3 PHP, 7 @entity0 with @entity7 , 7 @entity0 with @entity1 , and 6 control subjects. Serum @entity4 was significantly increased in only PHP. The serum @entity4 increase rate showed a significant positive correlation with serum alkaline phosphatase, and a negative correlation with the preinjected serum @entity4 . @entity5 was slightly increased in all four groups. Serum @entity6 and @entity8 concentrations were not significantly different among the groups. @entity5 concentration in a culture medium of parathyroid tissues increased after @entity8 addition. Serum @entity4 was significantly increased after @entity8 injection in an adrenalectomized @entity2 , and decreased in a parathyroidectomized @entity2 . From our data and those of others, it appears that @entity8 acts on the adrenal glands to decrease the serum @entity4 concentration, and might act directly on the parathyroid gland or bones to increase it.

title: [Studies on the endocrinological metabolism of the parathyroid. II. Influence of @entity8 on parathyroid function and XXXX metabolism].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether @entity2 in precordial leads at the time of @entity7 represents a reciprocal change rather than concurrent anterior wall @entity1 on the surface electrocardiography. BACKGROUND: The mechanism of reciprocal @entity2 during acute @entity3 is controversial. " @entity1 at a distance" or a benign electrical phenomenon has been implicated in numerous reports. Pulsed-wave tissue Doppler (PWTD) echocardiography can be used to examine the regional diastolic motion of the left ventricular myocardial wall and may allow the detection of @entity1 segments. METHODS: We evaluated regional @entity4 using PWTD echocardiography in 48 @entity0 with a first @entity3 . The left ventricle was divided into 16 segments. PWTD echocardiographic velocities were obtained from each left ventricular segments. RESULTS: Reciprocal @entity2 was present in 35 @entity0 (Group 1) but not in the remaining 13 @entity0 (Group 2). There were no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 with respect to systolic (S) (7.4 +/- 1.1 vs 6.8 +/- 0.9 cm/s; P > 0.05), early (E) (10.5 +/- 2 vs 9.4 +/- 1.2 cm/s; P > 0.05), and late (A) (9.5 +/- 3.2 vs 8.5 +/- 2.3 cm/s; P > 0.05) diastolic waves peak velocities, E/A ratio 1.1 +/- 0.2 vs 1.1 +/- 0.1; P > 0.05), Ewave deceleration time (DT) (92 +/- 17 vs 101 +/- 16 ms; P > 0.05) and regional @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (82 +/- 19 vs 93 +/- 21 ms; P > 0.05) in anterior wall (basal levels), which correspond to reciprocal @entity2 on electrocardiography. According to E/A ratio detected by PWTD echocardiography in anterior wall and anterior septum, @entity0 with reciprocal @entity2 were also divided into two groups: Group A, with E/A ratio > 1; Group B, with E/A ratio < 1. Among the 35 @entity0 with reciprocal @entity2 , anterior wall @entity1 was present in 10 @entity0 and absent in 25 @entity0 , whereas anterior septal @entity1 was present 12 @entity0 and absent in 23 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Reciprocal @entity2 during the early phases of inferior @entity6 is an electrical reflection of primary ST segment elevation in the area of @entity6 .

title: Are reciprocal changes a consequence of " XXXX at a distance" or merely a benign electrical phenomenon? A pulsed-wave tissue Doppler echocardiographic study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is the most common @entity1 of childhood, with a prevalence ranging from 1 to 3%. Periorbital haemangiomas can cause @entity8 secondary to @entity9 , induced @entity4 , strabismus or occlusion of the @entity2 . Oral and intralesional @entity3 are considered to be the most accepted form of primary treatment. The authors have been performing early surgery as definitive treatment in selected lesions and believe it has an important role. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 17 @entity0 (2-20 months old) seen between 1996 and 2002 was carried out. Indications for surgery in the present series were @entity4 , rapid growth, @entity8 and obscuration of the @entity2 . Thirteen were treated primarily with surgery and the other four were treated with other methods prior to considering surgery. Preoperative computed tomography scans were obtained when indicated. RESULTS: Fourteen lesions were completely excised; residual tissue was deliberately left in order to preserve vital structures in three cases. No major surgical complications were noted. One @entity0 with residual tissue after surgery, who had proliferation of the remaining tissue, developed @entity8 and @entity5 . One @entity0 had a mild @entity5 postoperatively that resolved after 6 months. Follow up was for an average 11.1 months. CONCLUSIONS: Early surgical intervention should be considered in a multidisciplinary team approach as a primary treatment option with selected, @entity7 , without a significant cutaneous component. Surgery is a safe, effective treatment for selected lesions, provides a definitive early treatment, and prevents @entity4 and occlusion-related @entity8 .

title: Early surgical intervention as definitive treatment for ocular adnexal XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the test-retest reliability of the electronic Early Treatment @entity1 Study (E-ETDRS) visual acuity algorithm using the computerized @entity2 ( @entity2 ) tester in @entity0 7 to <13 years old. DESIGN: Test-retest reliability study. METHODS: This multicenter study involved 245 subjects at four clinical sites. As the main outcome measure, visual acuity was measured twice using the E-ETDRS testing protocol on the @entity2 system, which uses a programmed handheld device to communicate with a personal computer and a 17-inch monitor at a 3-m test distance. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability was high (r =.94 for right eyes and 0.96 for left eyes) and for both right and left eyes, 89% of retest scores were within 0.1 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) (five letters) of the initial test score and 99% of retests were within 0.2 logMAR (10 letters). Reliability was high across the age range of 7 to <13 years. Based on 95% confidence level estimates, a change in visual acuity of 0.2 logMAR (10 letters) from a previous acuity measure is unlikely to result from measurement variability. CONCLUSIONS: The E-ETDRS protocol using the @entity2 has high test-retest reliability in @entity0 7 to <13 years of age. Potential advantages include better standardization across multiple sites, the ability to directly capture data electronically with an automatic acuity score calculation, the reduction of potential bias by limiting the tester's role, and the requirement of only a single testing distance for measurements from 20/800 to 20/12. This computerized testing method should be considered when visual acuity is used as an outcome measure in eye research involving @entity0 7 to <13 years old.

title: Reliability of the electronic early treatment XXXX study testing protocol in @entity0 7 to <13 years old.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the test-retest reliability of the electronic Early Treatment @entity1 Study (E-ETDRS) visual acuity algorithm using the computerized @entity2 ( @entity2 ) tester in @entity0 7 to <13 years old. DESIGN: Test-retest reliability study. METHODS: This multicenter study involved 245 subjects at four clinical sites. As the main outcome measure, visual acuity was measured twice using the E-ETDRS testing protocol on the @entity2 system, which uses a programmed handheld device to communicate with a personal computer and a 17-inch monitor at a 3-m test distance. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability was high (r =.94 for right eyes and 0.96 for left eyes) and for both right and left eyes, 89% of retest scores were within 0.1 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) (five letters) of the initial test score and 99% of retests were within 0.2 logMAR (10 letters). Reliability was high across the age range of 7 to <13 years. Based on 95% confidence level estimates, a change in visual acuity of 0.2 logMAR (10 letters) from a previous acuity measure is unlikely to result from measurement variability. CONCLUSIONS: The E-ETDRS protocol using the @entity2 has high test-retest reliability in @entity0 7 to <13 years of age. Potential advantages include better standardization across multiple sites, the ability to directly capture data electronically with an automatic acuity score calculation, the reduction of potential bias by limiting the tester's role, and the requirement of only a single testing distance for measurements from 20/800 to 20/12. This computerized testing method should be considered when visual acuity is used as an outcome measure in eye research involving @entity0 7 to <13 years old.

title: Reliability of the electronic early treatment @entity1 study testing protocol in XXXX 7 to <13 years old.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Most DNA intercalators and epipodophyllotoxins inhibit @entity0 topoisomerase II by trapping the enzyme within DNA cleavage complexes that can be detected in cells as protein-associated DNA strand breaks. We have characterized previously a line of @entity3 cells (DC3F/9-OHE cells) the resistance of which to the cytotoxic effect of intercalators and @entity2 is associated with a reduced formation of protein-associated DNA strand breaks. In the present study, topoisomerases of these cells were compared to those of the parental sensitive cells (DC3F). @entity1 extracts (0.35 M) of isolated DC3F/9-OHE nuclei did not form @entity4 -induced DNA-protein linking, whereas DC3F nuclear extracts did. In addition, DC3F/9-OHE nuclear extract had an unusually high level of DNA linking activity in the absence of @entity4 . Topoisomerases II from DC3F/9-OHE and DC3F nuclei appeared similar qualitatively. DC3F/9-OHE nuclear extract had approximately twice less topoisomerase II molecules than did DC3F nuclear extract but similar topoisomerase II activity. Topoisomerase I activities appeared also similar in sensitive and resistant cells. However, part of DC3F/9-OHE topoisomerase I copurified with a DNA linking activity which was not present in DC3F nuclei. This unusual DNA linking activity was not sensitive to the stimulatory effect of @entity4 .

title: Altered DNA topoisomerase II activity in XXXX cells resistant to topoisomerase II inhibitors.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity5 virus (SENV) was discovered in 1999 as a DNA virus with hepatotropic properties. Nine genotypes (A-I) have been identified with genotypes D and H being more prevalent in cases of chronic @entity1 . Attempts to determine whether SENV causes @entity3 have been hampered by limited diagnostic testing. METHODS: In the present study, we developed two PCR based assays; a general SENV screening and genotype-specific assay. RESULTS: By screening PCR, the specificity for all SENV genotypes and SENV-related sequences was 20/20 (100%) with confirmation of the results being provided by genomic sequencing. With the genotype-specific PCR, specificities for SENV-D and SENV-H were 7/7 (100%) and 7/11 (64%), respectively. All screening PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The results of sequencing showed high genetic diversity in representative SENV genotypes. Five of twenty @entity0 (25%) had @entity2 with several SENV genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The screening PCR was useful for identifying cases of @entity4 . However, because of high genetic divergence and mixed @entity2 , it was difficult to establish a specific method for genotype distinction. Hence, sequencing is still required for further investigations of SENV as a potential cause of @entity3 .

title: Genomic analysis of a recently identified virus ( XXXX virus) and genotypes D and H by polymerase chain reaction.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined the influence of maternal birth weight on the risk of the development of @entity1 , a likely precursor to adult chronic disease. STUDY DESIGN: This hospital-based case-control study included 181 @entity1 cases and 349 control subjects. @entity0 provided information about their birth weight and other covariates that included medical and reproductive history, prepregnancy weight, and adult height. Odds ratios and 95% CIs were estimated by logistic regression. RESULTS: The risk of @entity1 decreased as maternal birth weight increased (P=.01). After an adjustment was made for confounders, data showed that @entity0 with a low birth weight (<2500 g) had a 2.3-fold increased risk of experiencing @entity1 (95% CI, 1.0-5.3) as compared with @entity0 who weighed 2500 to 2999 g at birth. Conversely, @entity0 with a birth weight of >/=4000 g appeared to have a nonstatistically significant, but >50%, reduction in the risk of experiencing @entity1 (95% CI, 0.2-1.2). This relationship differed for lean and overweight @entity0 (body mass index, <25 kg/m(2) vs >/=25 kg/m(2)). Among lean @entity0 , those who were low birth weight had a near doubling in risk of the development of @entity1 (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.8-4.6), although this association did not reach statistical significance. However, among overweight @entity0 , those @entity0 who weighed <2500 g at birth had an almost 4-fold increased risk of experiencing @entity1 (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.1-13.8). CONCLUSION: These results confirm two earlier reports and expand the literature by showing that @entity0 who are small at birth and who become overweight as adults are at particularly high risk of the development of @entity1 .

title: Weight at birth and subsequent risk of XXXX as an adult.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe familial relationships among @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity2 intake, and physical activity in early-adolescent daughters, their premenopausal mothers, and postmenopausal maternal grandmothers. SUBJECTS: Healthy, early-adolescent daughter and premenopausal mother pairs (n=72) were enrolled in the study. In addition, a cohort of 22 postmenopausal maternal grandmothers were measured for comparison of related triads (n=22). DESIGN: Cross-sectional measurements of hip (three sites) and lumbar spine @entity1 by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), body height and weight, menstrual function, current @entity2 intake, and current and past physical activity patterns were assessed using recalls and questionnaires. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Correlational analysis was used to establish relationships between bone characteristics and body size, menstrual function, @entity2 intake, and physical activity. Multiple regression analyses with backward elimination were used to examine heritability of bone characteristics in daughter-mother and mother-grandmother pairs and daughter-mother-grandmother triads. Quick cluster analysis and cross-tabulation with Pearson's chi(2) were used to evaluate familial patterns for bone characteristics and lifestyle practices. RESULTS: Height, weight, and lumbar spine @entity1 were significantly correlated within mother-daughter pairs. Current and past @entity2 intakes were not related within pairs or triads or to @entity1 in the daughters or the grandmothers. A weak inverse relationship between @entity2 intake and the hip trochanter and lumbar spine @entity1 was observed in the mothers (R(2)=-0.25; P=.05). Physical activity, independent of @entity2 intake, was strong predictor of @entity1 for daughters and mothers. Among the daughters, the hertiability estimates for trochanter and lumbar spine @entity1 were 0.56 and 0.70, respectively (P<.01). The heritability estimate for premenopausal mothers were significant for lumbar spine @entity1 (h(2)=0.66; P<.01). Daughter-mother-grandmother triads with low physical activity had low femoral neck @entity1 whereas those with high physical activity had high femoral neck @entity1 (P<.001). APPLICATIONS: Making physical activity a part of the daily routine, in addition to an adequate intake of @entity2 and bone-related nutrients, is an important goal for maintaining or improving bone health for @entity0 of all ages.

title: Familial resemblance of bone mineralization, XXXX intake, and physical activity in early-adolescent daughters, their mothers, and maternal grandmothers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Three cases of @entity3 associated with arachnoid webs are reported. Each @entity0 presented with progressive @entity1 and had thoracic syringes detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In one @entity0 the web was also visible. At operation a thoracic arachnoid web was found, obstructing the subarachnoid compartment in each @entity0 . One @entity0 had intraoperative ultrasound, which demonstrated @entity2 with each cardiac systole. The webs were divided and shunts inserted into the syringes. All @entity0 improved clinically, and on follow-up MRI. Arachnoid webs are likely to represent a focal band of @entity4 and are difficult to visualise on standard preoperative MR imaging. A reduction in the subarachnoid space compliance with resultant increase in pulse pressure and potentiation of an arterial pulsation driven perivascular flow could explain the associated syringes. Treatment should be aimed at restoring compliance, and involve division of the web with or without shunt insertion.

title: XXXX and the arachnoid web.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are at high risk for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). In addition to the same epidemiological risk factors of the general population, factors unique or secondary to the uremic milieu may contribute to excess @entity2 and mortality. Recent studies suggest the endothelium has a key role in the development of @entity4 . Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) may be a tool to study the state of the endothelium, with their number markedly increased in conditions associated with a high degree of endothelial cell activation and/or injury. Our hypothesis is that CEC number increases in diseases that commonly progress to stage 5 @entity5 , as well as in @entity0 on hemodialysis (HD) therapy, reflecting ongoing endothelial cell activation and/or injury. METHODS: The study population consisted of 22 healthy nonsmoking individuals, 29 individuals undergoing long-term HD treatment, 10 individuals with the diagnosis of @entity1 and stage 1 or 2 @entity5 , and 7 individuals with @entity3 and stage 1 or 2 @entity5 . The number of CECs was enumerated in all study groups. RESULTS: We found that CEC number was increased in HD @entity0 , @entity3 @entity0 , and @entity0 with @entity1 compared with healthy individuals. In addition, although CEC number did not accurately reflect the presence of @entity2 , the number was increased significantly in a group of HD @entity0 with active @entity2 , whereas it was decreased significantly in a group of HD @entity0 with stable @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that CEC number may reflect @entity2 activity in HD @entity0 , independent of the presence of @entity2 .

title: Circulating endothelial cells as potential markers of the state of the endothelium in hemodialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The clinical and immunologic abnormalities of 7 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity1 are reported. Indicative immune changes, positive anti- @entity2 serologic test and/or virus isolation led to the diagnosis. In a case with a particularly severe form of the disease, whose mother died from @entity3 , serologic tests and virus isolation were negative. Beside a case associated with blood transfusion, the familial and ethnic context helped the diagnosis. Clinical and biochemical features were close to those in adult @entity3 , including @entity4 , polyadenopathy, a decreased absolute number of OKT4(+) lymphocytes and @entity6 . The importance of cellular and sometimes also humoral @entity5 was highly variable. For 4 @entity0 , the severity of the @entity5 allowed the diagnosis of @entity3 . Occurrence of such an @entity1 in the first months of life suggests a fetomaternal viral transmission; however, a postnatal contamination cannot be ruled out. Long-term prognosis is difficult to assess. It depends, among other factors, on the importance of the @entity5 .

title: [ XXXX infections and the @entity3 in @entity0 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The clinical and immunologic abnormalities of 7 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity1 are reported. Indicative immune changes, positive anti- @entity2 serologic test and/or virus isolation led to the diagnosis. In a case with a particularly severe form of the disease, whose mother died from @entity3 , serologic tests and virus isolation were negative. Beside a case associated with blood transfusion, the familial and ethnic context helped the diagnosis. Clinical and biochemical features were close to those in adult @entity3 , including @entity4 , polyadenopathy, a decreased absolute number of OKT4(+) lymphocytes and @entity6 . The importance of cellular and sometimes also humoral @entity5 was highly variable. For 4 @entity0 , the severity of the @entity5 allowed the diagnosis of @entity3 . Occurrence of such an @entity1 in the first months of life suggests a fetomaternal viral transmission; however, a postnatal contamination cannot be ruled out. Long-term prognosis is difficult to assess. It depends, among other factors, on the importance of the @entity5 .

title: [ @entity2 infections and the XXXX in @entity0 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The clinical and immunologic abnormalities of 7 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity1 are reported. Indicative immune changes, positive anti- @entity2 serologic test and/or virus isolation led to the diagnosis. In a case with a particularly severe form of the disease, whose mother died from @entity3 , serologic tests and virus isolation were negative. Beside a case associated with blood transfusion, the familial and ethnic context helped the diagnosis. Clinical and biochemical features were close to those in adult @entity3 , including @entity4 , polyadenopathy, a decreased absolute number of OKT4(+) lymphocytes and @entity6 . The importance of cellular and sometimes also humoral @entity5 was highly variable. For 4 @entity0 , the severity of the @entity5 allowed the diagnosis of @entity3 . Occurrence of such an @entity1 in the first months of life suggests a fetomaternal viral transmission; however, a postnatal contamination cannot be ruled out. Long-term prognosis is difficult to assess. It depends, among other factors, on the importance of the @entity5 .

title: [ @entity2 infections and the @entity3 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin (BTX) injection is the first choice treatment for @entity5 . However 10% or more of @entity0 who receive repetitive injections of BTX type A (BTX-A) lose response (secondary non-responders). One of the strategies to manage such @entity0 is to treat them with another serotype. The aim of this article is to describe my experience with BTX type B ( @entity9 ) in the management of @entity0 with @entity5 who became secondary non-responders to BTX-A. METHOD: Open-label non-controlled use of @entity9 injections to treat @entity4 @entity0 who developed secondary nonresponse to BTX-A Response to treatment was rated on a 0-4 scale (Jankovic). RESULTS: Four @entity0 entered the study. Pacient 1- At age 48 this @entity0 developed @entity5 . Five years later he also presented with @entity7 and @entity8 . He was treated with 7604U of BTX-A along 23 sessions separated by a mean interval of 18.8 weeks (range 6-39). Loss of response was noticed after the seventh session. First treatment with @entity9 consisted of injection of 20000U with response rated 3 but duration of 3 weeks. Second session, 23500U, resulted in score 4 with response lasting 12 weeks. @entity0 2- This @entity0 , with @entity6 since age 8 years, developed tardive @entity7 at age 51. On 8 sessions of BTX-A injections he received a cumulative dosage of 550U with a mean interval between sessions of 8.8 weeks (range 6-12). Decline of response was noticed after the fifth session. First treatment with @entity9 , 3000U, had a response rated 3 with duration of 12 weeks. Second session, 6000U, resulted in score 4. @entity0 3- This @entity0 noticed onset of @entity7 at age 58 and developed oromandibular and @entity4 as well as cervical @entity4 , respectively, at ages 59 and 65. In other institutions she received 6 sessions of BTX-A. In my service she received a dosage of 1404U along 8 sessions with a mean interval between sessions of 17.4 weeks (range 16-18). She became secondary non-responder after the ninth session. First treatment with @entity9 , 6000U, was rated 0. Second session, 12000U, was rated 4. @entity0 4- At age 69 this @entity0 developed @entity5 . Prior to follow up with me, he received 6 sessions of BTX-A in other services. In my institution he was treated with a cumulative dosage of 730U along 4 sessions with a mean interval between sessions of 16.3 weeks (range 15-18). He developed loss of response on the sixth session. Treatment with @entity9 , 12000U, was rated 4 and lasted 20 weeks. Side-effects: @entity1 (all @entity0 ) and @entity3 and @entity2 (one @entity0 each). CONCLUSION: My findings confirm that @entity9 injections are a safe and effective option for the management of @entity4 @entity0 who become secondary non-responders to BTX-A. The results also underscore the need of individualizing dosage regimens before optimum results are achieved.

title: [Botulinum toxin type B in the management of XXXX non-responsive to botulinum toxin type A].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Light-, electron microscopic and enzyme histochemical examinations (phosphorylase, LDH, @entity8 :TR, @entity13 and 3-HBDH) were performed on endomyocardial biopsies of 26 @entity0 with @entity4 of unknown etiology. On the basis of the clinical findings the @entity0 were grouped into @entity7 @entity0 ), @entity5 (8 @entity0 ), latent @entity3 and @entity12 (11 @entity0 ) and @entity10 (4 @entity0 ). Morphologic changes which might characterize the pathogenesis, were found in 7 @entity0 : @entity12 in 3 @entity0 , nonspecific @entity10 in 1, @entity1 storage disease in 1, @entity6 @entity3 in 1 and @entity3 with inclusions typical of @entity9 in 1 @entity0 . In the other @entity0 the morphologic changes were not sufficiently characteristic to be indicative of an etiopathogenesis. Several pathologic alterations did, nonetheless, appear to have a certain prognostic value such as endocardial and @entity2 , myofibrillolysis, myolysis, mitochondrial degeneration and increased lipid content in the muscle fibers. The frequency of these changes was evaluated partly semiquantitatively, partly by means of the point-counting method and graded with 1-3 points. Three @entity0 with @entity5 scored at least 7 points. Two of them died within 8 weeks, 1 @entity0 with @entity6 @entity3 recovered after discontinuation of the therapy but he died 4 years after the biopsy. Six to 50 months after the biopsy (mean 31.5, median 6.5) the score was less than 7 in the other @entity0 and all these @entity0 were still alive. The histochemical changes manifested as an increase and/or a decrease of the enzymatic activities, involving scattered muscle fibers or their segments. A decrease of the activities of all dehydrogenases examined appeared to be prognostically ominous, correlating with a score of 7 or higher. A decrease of @entity13 activity in 7 cases, in combination with a decrease of the HBDH activity in 4 of them, was indicative of a disturbance in the Krebs cycle and lipid metabolism in the absence of @entity11 . The alterations in the phosphorylase activity did not, however, appear to have a prognostic significance. Normal activity of the phosphorylase seemed to be prognostically favorable.

title: The usefulness of an endomyocardial biopsy in XXXX of unknown etiology.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 affection of the cauda equina (SPCCE) can be an ultimate cause of morbidity and mortality. Since the results of management of this particular disease condition remain largely unknown, a retrospective case review was undertaken to determine the effects of treatment by radiation in SPCCE @entity0 . METHODS: The records of 12 @entity0 with SPCCE treated at the Division of Therapeutic Radiology during the period 1984 to 1998 were reviewed. The administered total radiation dosage ranged from 6 Gy to 32 Gy (average, 26.6 +/- 2.0 Gy). Two individuals underwent decompressive laminectomy and bilateral orchiectomy at the time of SPCCE and @entity3 diagnoses. Ten @entity0 had prior hormonal manipulative treatment (orchiectomy, @entity2 , or @entity5 therapy). RESULTS: @entity1 was relieved in three of four symptomatic @entity0 (75%). Five of nine @entity0 unable to walk before therapy could walk after treatment. One of two individuals with anal or bladder @entity4 improved following irradiation. The overall mean duration of survival was five months. With treatment, survival was approximately three times as long for ambulatory versus non-ambulatory @entity0 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that radiation treatment is efficacious in promoting palliation of SPCCE, although it may not prolong life.

title: Management of epidural cauda XXXX by radiotherapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: In cases of @entity5 with a pathologic flaring of frontal teeth, a combined periodontic-orthodontic therapy may be a reliable approach in order to solve both functional and esthetic problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the periodontal tissue alterations following periodontal surgery and orthodontic intrusion in migrated upper central incisors with @entity2 . METHODS: Ten @entity0 with @entity5 and an extruded maxillary central incisor infrabony defect at its mesial aspect and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) > or = 6 mm were included in the present study. At baseline, @entity1 and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. The vertical and horizontal dimensions of the defects were assessed on standardized radiographs. Seven to 10 days after surgery the active orthodontic treatment started using the segmented arch technique, in order to intrude and move the teeth into the defects. Maintenance therapy was performed every 2 to 3 months until the orthodontic treatment was completed. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, mean @entity1 reduction was 4.35 mm, with a residual mean @entity1 of 2.80 mm. Mean @entity3 was 5.50 mm. The mean radiological vertical and horizontal bone fills were, respectively, 1.35 mm and 1.40 mm. All differences were of statistical significance (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the combined orthodontic and periodontic therapy performed resulted in the realignment of extruded teeth with @entity2 , obtaining a significant @entity1 reduction, clinical @entity4 , and radiological bone fill.

title: Orthodontic movement into XXXX in @entity0 with @entity5 : a clinical and radiological study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In cases of @entity5 with a pathologic flaring of frontal teeth, a combined periodontic-orthodontic therapy may be a reliable approach in order to solve both functional and esthetic problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the periodontal tissue alterations following periodontal surgery and orthodontic intrusion in migrated upper central incisors with @entity2 . METHODS: Ten @entity0 with @entity5 and an extruded maxillary central incisor infrabony defect at its mesial aspect and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) > or = 6 mm were included in the present study. At baseline, @entity1 and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. The vertical and horizontal dimensions of the defects were assessed on standardized radiographs. Seven to 10 days after surgery the active orthodontic treatment started using the segmented arch technique, in order to intrude and move the teeth into the defects. Maintenance therapy was performed every 2 to 3 months until the orthodontic treatment was completed. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, mean @entity1 reduction was 4.35 mm, with a residual mean @entity1 of 2.80 mm. Mean @entity3 was 5.50 mm. The mean radiological vertical and horizontal bone fills were, respectively, 1.35 mm and 1.40 mm. All differences were of statistical significance (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the combined orthodontic and periodontic therapy performed resulted in the realignment of extruded teeth with @entity2 , obtaining a significant @entity1 reduction, clinical @entity4 , and radiological bone fill.

title: Orthodontic movement into @entity2 in @entity0 with XXXX : a clinical and radiological study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: In cases of @entity5 with a pathologic flaring of frontal teeth, a combined periodontic-orthodontic therapy may be a reliable approach in order to solve both functional and esthetic problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the periodontal tissue alterations following periodontal surgery and orthodontic intrusion in migrated upper central incisors with @entity2 . METHODS: Ten @entity0 with @entity5 and an extruded maxillary central incisor infrabony defect at its mesial aspect and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) > or = 6 mm were included in the present study. At baseline, @entity1 and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. The vertical and horizontal dimensions of the defects were assessed on standardized radiographs. Seven to 10 days after surgery the active orthodontic treatment started using the segmented arch technique, in order to intrude and move the teeth into the defects. Maintenance therapy was performed every 2 to 3 months until the orthodontic treatment was completed. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, mean @entity1 reduction was 4.35 mm, with a residual mean @entity1 of 2.80 mm. Mean @entity3 was 5.50 mm. The mean radiological vertical and horizontal bone fills were, respectively, 1.35 mm and 1.40 mm. All differences were of statistical significance (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the combined orthodontic and periodontic therapy performed resulted in the realignment of extruded teeth with @entity2 , obtaining a significant @entity1 reduction, clinical @entity4 , and radiological bone fill.

title: Orthodontic movement into @entity2 in XXXX with @entity5 : a clinical and radiological study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. Our study showed a prevalence of 5.33% in @entity4 working in an urban city like Pune. The prevalence would definitely be higher in a population from a rural area. 2. All these cases who showed presence of antibodies to @entity5 , had varied clinical manifestations, characteristic of the protean manifestations in @entity3 . Likewise in our study we had cases ranging from @entity2 , abortions and genito urinary manifestations. 3. All the antibody positive cases had significant antibody titres. The clinicians miss many cases of @entity3 because it is not considered as an alternative diagnosis. The clinician should keep in mind the possibility of an occupational or environmental exposure in cases of P.U.O. It would also be worthwhile to create awareness of the disease in such professions so that necessary precautions and periodic screening of such occupationally exposed @entity0 can be done. Studies are needed to assess the role of @entity3 as a cause of morbidity in India, which had not received the attention it deserved. Prevention of @entity0 @entity3 focuses mainly on elimination of infection in @entity1 along with hygiene, vaccine, and effective heating and pasteurization of dairy products and related foods.

title: Detection of antibodies to @entity5 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. Our study showed a prevalence of 5.33% in @entity4 working in an urban city like Pune. The prevalence would definitely be higher in a population from a rural area. 2. All these cases who showed presence of antibodies to @entity5 , had varied clinical manifestations, characteristic of the protean manifestations in @entity3 . Likewise in our study we had cases ranging from @entity2 , abortions and genito urinary manifestations. 3. All the antibody positive cases had significant antibody titres. The clinicians miss many cases of @entity3 because it is not considered as an alternative diagnosis. The clinician should keep in mind the possibility of an occupational or environmental exposure in cases of P.U.O. It would also be worthwhile to create awareness of the disease in such professions so that necessary precautions and periodic screening of such occupationally exposed @entity0 can be done. Studies are needed to assess the role of @entity3 as a cause of morbidity in India, which had not received the attention it deserved. Prevention of @entity0 @entity3 focuses mainly on elimination of infection in @entity1 along with hygiene, vaccine, and effective heating and pasteurization of dairy products and related foods.

title: Detection of antibodies to XXXX in @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is need for safe working environment in both government and private hospitals for the safety of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The present study was conducted to know the present knowledge regarding occupational exposure to @entity2 amongst doctors in non-governmental hospitals and clinics across Delhi. METHODS: Seventy doctors from different medical and surgical specialties in various non-government hospitals/nursing homes in Delhi were given a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Majority of them have suffered @entity4 . Many had also experienced splash over face, eyes. Some @entity0 were still recapping needles most of times. 85.7% of @entity0 were fully vaccinated for @entity3 . 44.2% didn't know if they were responders to @entity3 vaccine or not. Most of them didn't report the @entity4 . In majorities of incidents source @entity0 was not tested for blood born infections. Many of @entity0 were not aware of post exposure prophylactic measures to be taken if there is an occupational exposure to the blood of @entity2 positive @entity0 . Awareness that drugs for postexposure prophylaxis are to be started immediately was low (36%). CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the low awareness of postexposure prophylaxis measures amongst @entity1 . Many @entity1 were also not aware if they were responders to @entity3 vaccine or not. Most of the @entity4 were neither reported nor investigated.

title: XXXX : awareness of management of occupational exposure in health care workers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Dysregulation of cell cycle is important in oncogenesis. We analyzed the inactivation of the @entity2 family @entity9 /CDK/ @entity3 pathway by gene promoter hypermethylation in leukemogenesis. The methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) with primers for methylated (M-MSP) and unmethylated (U-MSP) alleles of the @entity8 , @entity2 , @entity7 , and @entity3 genes was used to study five leukemic cell lines, 50 @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and 25 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) samples. None of the leukemic cell lines showed @entity7 and @entity3 methylation. @entity8 was methylated in Raji, while @entity2 was methylated in U937 and Raji. In NB4 and Jurkat, both alleles of @entity8 and @entity2 appeared to be deleted. At diagnosis, @entity8 methylation occurred in 29 (58%) @entity6 @entity0 , and 10 (40.0%) @entity1 @entity0 . @entity2 methylation occurred in two (4%) @entity6 and two (8%) @entity1 @entity0 . Only one each of @entity6 and @entity1 @entity0 had concurrent @entity8 and @entity2 methylation. None of the @entity0 had methylation of @entity7 or @entity3 . In @entity6 , @entity8 methylation was associated with M2 subtype ( p=0.018). @entity0 with and without @entity8 methylation had similar complete remission (CR) rates and projected 5-year @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or disease-free survival (DFS). Therefore, methylation inactivation of the @entity2 /CDK/ @entity3 pathway in @entity5 involved primarily @entity8 and occasionally @entity2 , but not @entity7 or @entity3 . In @entity6 , @entity8 gene methylation was associated with the M2 subtype, but was not prognostic for CR, @entity4 , or DFS.

title: Epigenetic inactivation of XXXX /CDK/ @entity3 cell cycle pathway in @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Dysregulation of cell cycle is important in oncogenesis. We analyzed the inactivation of the @entity2 family @entity9 /CDK/ @entity3 pathway by gene promoter hypermethylation in leukemogenesis. The methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) with primers for methylated (M-MSP) and unmethylated (U-MSP) alleles of the @entity8 , @entity2 , @entity7 , and @entity3 genes was used to study five leukemic cell lines, 50 @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and 25 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) samples. None of the leukemic cell lines showed @entity7 and @entity3 methylation. @entity8 was methylated in Raji, while @entity2 was methylated in U937 and Raji. In NB4 and Jurkat, both alleles of @entity8 and @entity2 appeared to be deleted. At diagnosis, @entity8 methylation occurred in 29 (58%) @entity6 @entity0 , and 10 (40.0%) @entity1 @entity0 . @entity2 methylation occurred in two (4%) @entity6 and two (8%) @entity1 @entity0 . Only one each of @entity6 and @entity1 @entity0 had concurrent @entity8 and @entity2 methylation. None of the @entity0 had methylation of @entity7 or @entity3 . In @entity6 , @entity8 methylation was associated with M2 subtype ( p=0.018). @entity0 with and without @entity8 methylation had similar complete remission (CR) rates and projected 5-year @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or disease-free survival (DFS). Therefore, methylation inactivation of the @entity2 /CDK/ @entity3 pathway in @entity5 involved primarily @entity8 and occasionally @entity2 , but not @entity7 or @entity3 . In @entity6 , @entity8 gene methylation was associated with the M2 subtype, but was not prognostic for CR, @entity4 , or DFS.

title: Epigenetic inactivation of @entity2 /CDK/ @entity3 cell cycle pathway in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Dysregulation of cell cycle is important in oncogenesis. We analyzed the inactivation of the @entity2 family @entity9 /CDK/ @entity3 pathway by gene promoter hypermethylation in leukemogenesis. The methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) with primers for methylated (M-MSP) and unmethylated (U-MSP) alleles of the @entity8 , @entity2 , @entity7 , and @entity3 genes was used to study five leukemic cell lines, 50 @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and 25 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) samples. None of the leukemic cell lines showed @entity7 and @entity3 methylation. @entity8 was methylated in Raji, while @entity2 was methylated in U937 and Raji. In NB4 and Jurkat, both alleles of @entity8 and @entity2 appeared to be deleted. At diagnosis, @entity8 methylation occurred in 29 (58%) @entity6 @entity0 , and 10 (40.0%) @entity1 @entity0 . @entity2 methylation occurred in two (4%) @entity6 and two (8%) @entity1 @entity0 . Only one each of @entity6 and @entity1 @entity0 had concurrent @entity8 and @entity2 methylation. None of the @entity0 had methylation of @entity7 or @entity3 . In @entity6 , @entity8 methylation was associated with M2 subtype ( p=0.018). @entity0 with and without @entity8 methylation had similar complete remission (CR) rates and projected 5-year @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or disease-free survival (DFS). Therefore, methylation inactivation of the @entity2 /CDK/ @entity3 pathway in @entity5 involved primarily @entity8 and occasionally @entity2 , but not @entity7 or @entity3 . In @entity6 , @entity8 gene methylation was associated with the M2 subtype, but was not prognostic for CR, @entity4 , or DFS.

title: Epigenetic inactivation of @entity2 /CDK/ XXXX cell cycle pathway in @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We report a unique case of metastatic @entity6 of the submandibular lymph nodes with @entity5 . A 48-year-old @entity0 was referred to our hospital for treatment of a @entity2 and right submandibular masses. @entity1 , 2 cm in its largest dimension, was palpated in the right lobe of the thyroid gland. The masses in the submandibular region measured up to 3 cm in diameter. Each submandibular @entity1 had a cystic cavity containing slightly opaque fluid. Aspiration cytology of the thyroid established a diagnosis of @entity4 . Aspirated material from the cystic cavity of one of the submandibular masses contained only keratinized material with a thyroglobulin level of 175 ng/ml. The @entity0 underwent a total thyroidectomy with modified radical neck dissection. Microscopic examination of the resected specimen confirmed a diagnosis of @entity4 of the thyroid, as well as well-differentiated @entity3 with cystic changes in the submandibular lymph nodes. Focal immunoreactivity for thyroglobulin, combined with the absence of any other possible primary lesions in the head and neck region, suggested metastatic @entity6 of the submandibular lymph nodes with @entity5 .

title: Metastatic XXXX of the submandibular lymph nodes with @entity5 : report of a case.

answer: @entity6


abstract: We report a unique case of metastatic @entity6 of the submandibular lymph nodes with @entity5 . A 48-year-old @entity0 was referred to our hospital for treatment of a @entity2 and right submandibular masses. @entity1 , 2 cm in its largest dimension, was palpated in the right lobe of the thyroid gland. The masses in the submandibular region measured up to 3 cm in diameter. Each submandibular @entity1 had a cystic cavity containing slightly opaque fluid. Aspiration cytology of the thyroid established a diagnosis of @entity4 . Aspirated material from the cystic cavity of one of the submandibular masses contained only keratinized material with a thyroglobulin level of 175 ng/ml. The @entity0 underwent a total thyroidectomy with modified radical neck dissection. Microscopic examination of the resected specimen confirmed a diagnosis of @entity4 of the thyroid, as well as well-differentiated @entity3 with cystic changes in the submandibular lymph nodes. Focal immunoreactivity for thyroglobulin, combined with the absence of any other possible primary lesions in the head and neck region, suggested metastatic @entity6 of the submandibular lymph nodes with @entity5 .

title: Metastatic @entity6 of the submandibular lymph nodes with XXXX : report of a case.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a soft-tissue @entity4 originating from fibroblast cells, characterized by a high rate of @entity1 or recurrence. This @entity2 rarely develops in the gastrointestinal tract, with no more than 30 cases described in the literature. We report a case of @entity7 of the abdominal cavity in a 45-year-old @entity0 who presented with @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity5 . A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed multiple solid @entity2 in the peritoneal cavity. We performed exploratory laparotomy and found at least 15 solid whitish @entity2 attached to the wall of the small intestine, as well as to the parietal peritoneum. There were three metastases in the liver. All of the @entity2 were excised, most of which were about 10 cm in diameter. Histopathological findings indicated a @entity2 consisting of spindle cells, and immunohistochemical examination of the resected specimens established the definite diagnosis of a @entity7 . The @entity0 had an uneventful postoperative course and was given adjuvant chemotherapy. She is currently well 2 years after her operation. We review the clinical picture of this @entity2 in the abdominal cavity, and discuss its diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment.

title: XXXX of the abdominal cavity: report of a case.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The polypeptide pattern of red blood cell (RBC) membranes from @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity1 , analyzed by @entity8 gel electrophoresis, was compared to @entity0 RBC counterpart. Some qualitative and quantitative differences were noted. Among the high molecular weight components the bands 2.1-2.3 appeared slightly decreased in @entity3 and @entity2 and increased in @entity5 RBC membranes. Band 3 appeared to have a higher molecular weight in the @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity1 RBCs, and a lower molecular weight in the @entity5 RBCs. @entity9 from the RBC membranes of @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity6 was splitted into two sub-bands, while band 4.2 overlapped with @entity9 in @entity7 and @entity6 RBC membranes. There are marked differences in the number and position of bands in the 4.5 region, while band 4.9 is present in higher amounts in @entity7 , @entity3 and @entity6 RBC membranes. Band 6 ( @entity10 ) was undetectable in @entity7 , @entity2 and @entity1 RBC membranes and was decreased in @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity6 . There are also major differences in the region of band 7 and below ("post-7"). Band 8 was undetectable in @entity7 , @entity4 and @entity6 , and was in higher amounts in @entity2 . A band corresponding to a molecular weight of about 22 kD in the "post-8" region was present only in @entity6 RBC membranes.

title: Comparative studies of the protein composition of red blood cell membranes from eight XXXX species.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity6 hormones @entity2 -vasopressin (AVP) and @entity3 (OT) are produced in the neurons of the hypothalamic supraoptic ( @entity7 ) and paraventricular (PVN) nucleus and in the much smaller cells of the suprachiasmatic (SCN) nucleus. The @entity7 is the main source of plasma @entity5 . Part of the AVP and OT neurons of the PVN join the hypothalamo- @entity6 tract, whereas others send projections to the median eminence or various brain areas, where AVP and OT are involved in a number of central functions as neurotransmitters/neuromodulators. AVP and OT from the PVN can also regulate via the @entity4 . OT is produced for a major part in the PVN but some OT neurons are present in the @entity7 . Moreover, both AVP and OT containing neurons are observed in the "accessory nuclei", i.e. islands situated between the @entity7 and PVN. The SCN is the biological clock, and the number of AVP expressing neurons in the SCN shows both diurnal and seasonal rhythms. In addition to these hypothalamic areas, AVP and OT may be found to a lesser extent in some other brain areas, such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, diagonal band of Broca, nucleus basalis of Meynert, lateral septal nucleus, globus pallidus and the anterior amygdaloid nucleus, as well as in the peripheral tissues. The AVP and OT containing neurons should not be considered as one system. Prominent functional differences exist between the different nuclei. The heterogeneity also becomes clear from the marked differences in the @entity6 peptides containing neurons of the @entity7 , PVN and SCN during aging, and in the most prevalent age-related @entity0 , i.e. @entity1 ( @entity1 ). For those reasons, we will discuss the @entity7 , PVN and SCN separately.

title: XXXX peptides in aging and @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The @entity6 hormones @entity2 -vasopressin (AVP) and @entity3 (OT) are produced in the neurons of the hypothalamic supraoptic ( @entity7 ) and paraventricular (PVN) nucleus and in the much smaller cells of the suprachiasmatic (SCN) nucleus. The @entity7 is the main source of plasma @entity5 . Part of the AVP and OT neurons of the PVN join the hypothalamo- @entity6 tract, whereas others send projections to the median eminence or various brain areas, where AVP and OT are involved in a number of central functions as neurotransmitters/neuromodulators. AVP and OT from the PVN can also regulate via the @entity4 . OT is produced for a major part in the PVN but some OT neurons are present in the @entity7 . Moreover, both AVP and OT containing neurons are observed in the "accessory nuclei", i.e. islands situated between the @entity7 and PVN. The SCN is the biological clock, and the number of AVP expressing neurons in the SCN shows both diurnal and seasonal rhythms. In addition to these hypothalamic areas, AVP and OT may be found to a lesser extent in some other brain areas, such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, diagonal band of Broca, nucleus basalis of Meynert, lateral septal nucleus, globus pallidus and the anterior amygdaloid nucleus, as well as in the peripheral tissues. The AVP and OT containing neurons should not be considered as one system. Prominent functional differences exist between the different nuclei. The heterogeneity also becomes clear from the marked differences in the @entity6 peptides containing neurons of the @entity7 , PVN and SCN during aging, and in the most prevalent age-related @entity0 , i.e. @entity1 ( @entity1 ). For those reasons, we will discuss the @entity7 , PVN and SCN separately.

title: @entity6 peptides in aging and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Thirty cases of @entity9 who had been treated at the Ramathibodi Hospital from January 1970 to December 1982 were analysed retrospectively. There were 14 @entity0 and 16 @entity0 , aged 6 months to 7 years (mean age was 2 years). The right kidney was involved in 12 cases, the left side involvement in 18 cases. Other than the abdominal mass, the common signs and symptoms were @entity6 (30%) and @entity2 (13.3%). The @entity3 were found in 2 cases. There was an increase in VMA in three of the six cases determined for VMA:creatine ratio and VMA in 24 hours urine. Seven cases (23.3%) had nephrectomy done in other hospitals. Ninety percent of the @entity0 came in with the stage II-IV, only 10% had stage I. The treatment consisted of surgery, radiation therapy, @entity10 , @entity8 and @entity5 . Eight @entity0 (26.6%) were lost to follow-up. The cure rate in stage II, III and IV were 71.4%, 50% and 29% respectively. The serious surgical complications include a case of shock due to excessive @entity4 and another case of @entity7 during the operation due to the @entity1 emboli from the inferior vena cava to the main pulmonary and both bronchial arteries.

title: XXXX : analysis of thirty cases.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Modern treatment of @entity10 requires rapid and accurate diagnosis followed by risk stratification to devise an optimal management strategy. @entity0 at low risk have good outcomes simply with intensive anticoagulation treatment. Higher-risk @entity0 may require more aggressive intervention with thrombolysis or embolectomy. Clinical risk factors for an adverse outcome include increasing age, @entity1 , @entity6 , systemic arterial @entity5 , @entity9 and @entity2 . A promising approach is the Geneva Prognostic Score, which is based upon a rapid clinical assessment. On physical examination, signs of @entity2 , including distended jugular veins and a right-sided S3 gallop, should be looked for. The electrocardiogram may show evidence of right ventricular strain with a new @entity7 or T wave inversion in leads V1-V4. The troponin level may be elevated as a marker of @entity3 and right ventricular microinfarction, even in the absence of @entity4 . The most useful imaging marker of high risk is the presence of moderate or severe right @entity11 and hypokinesis on the echocardiogram, especially with progressively worsening right ventricular function despite intensive anticoagulation treatment. @entity0 at high risk should be considered for thrombolytic therapy or embolectomy rather than management with anticoagulation therapy alone. Special care must be taken to avoid thrombolytic therapy among @entity0 who might be susceptible to @entity8 . @entity8 reached a surprisingly high rate of 3.0% in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry of 2,454 prospectively evaluated @entity10 @entity0 at 52 hospitals in seven countries. An alternative approach to @entity0 at high risk is a catheter-based or open surgical embolectomy. It is crucial to refer these @entity0 as quickly as possible, rather than delaying intervention until cardiogenic shock has ensued. Fortunately the current tools for risk stratification provide an "early window" for prognostication and can help the coordination of a definitive treatment plan with optimal results.

title: Modern treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: The incidence of @entity2 is greater in @entity0 with hemodialysis than in the general population. Surgically created @entity6 are widely used in end-stage @entity3 @entity0 for the vascular access of hemodialysis. Despite occurrence of @entity2 at the @entity5 site in the forearm, bone mineral density is similar in both arms. The effects of @entity6 on @entity2 healing have not been widely studied. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that a @entity2 distal to a surgically-created @entity6 has negative effects in a @entity1 osteotomy model. The tibial bones were @entity2 in a monocortical fashion bilaterally. No fixation method was used. The right side was used as control. On the left side of the @entity1 , a side-to-side arteriovenous @entity4 was done between the common femoral vessels proximal to the @entity2 line under magnification with the operating microscope. Three weeks later, bone segments, including the monocortical osteotomy line, were removed and examined histopathologically. Although the gross appearance of callus formation was not different in both groups, histopathologically, there were more dead medullary bone and less cartilage cells around the osteotomy line in the bone associated with the @entity6 . But with short-term evaluation of the @entity2 sites after opening an arteriovenous connection proximal to the @entity2 site, no real difference was noted related to @entity2 healing.

title: XXXX and bone healing: experimental study in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The incidence of @entity2 is greater in @entity0 with hemodialysis than in the general population. Surgically created @entity6 are widely used in end-stage @entity3 @entity0 for the vascular access of hemodialysis. Despite occurrence of @entity2 at the @entity5 site in the forearm, bone mineral density is similar in both arms. The effects of @entity6 on @entity2 healing have not been widely studied. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that a @entity2 distal to a surgically-created @entity6 has negative effects in a @entity1 osteotomy model. The tibial bones were @entity2 in a monocortical fashion bilaterally. No fixation method was used. The right side was used as control. On the left side of the @entity1 , a side-to-side arteriovenous @entity4 was done between the common femoral vessels proximal to the @entity2 line under magnification with the operating microscope. Three weeks later, bone segments, including the monocortical osteotomy line, were removed and examined histopathologically. Although the gross appearance of callus formation was not different in both groups, histopathologically, there were more dead medullary bone and less cartilage cells around the osteotomy line in the bone associated with the @entity6 . But with short-term evaluation of the @entity2 sites after opening an arteriovenous connection proximal to the @entity2 site, no real difference was noted related to @entity2 healing.

title: @entity6 and bone healing: experimental study in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Purified brush border membranes were obtained from homogenized jejunal epithelial cells of @entity0 by divalent cation aggregation of nonbrush border membranes and differential centrifugation. Membrane marker enzyme assays determined effectiveness of the fractionation procedure. Compared with cellular homogenate, maltase and @entity3 +- @entity2 +- @entity1 triphosphatase specific activities in the membrane fraction isolated from the interface of discontinuous (35 and 45% wt/wt) sucrose gradients increased 14.5- and 1.9-fold whereas enzyme recoveries averaged 20.2 and 2.4%. These data indicate significant enrichment in brush border membranes with minimal basolateral membrane contamination. @entity4 formed from this membrane fraction had a predominately (93%) luminal side out orientation. After incubating vesicles with radiolabeled substrates, vesicles and accumulated substrates were separated from the incubation buffer by filtration and substrate uptake quantified by liquid scintillation counting. Observed uptake was the result of substrate accumulation within an osmotically active intravesicular space and was not due to nonspecific binding of the substrate to vesicular membranes. @entity4 exhibited @entity3 -dependent and independent substrate uptake pathways and were able to discriminate between substrate stereoisomers for uptake. Major differences were not detected between results obtained with vesicles prepared from fresh or frozen intestines. These vesicles can be utilized to investigate nutrient uptake by the @entity0 small intestine.

title: Preparation of brush border membrane vesicles from fresh and frozen XXXX intestine for nutrient uptake studies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute perforated @entity3 has a mortality rate of up to 30 per cent, but little is known about its aetiology. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that three classes of drugs, namely non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioid analgesics and @entity2 , are risk factors for perforated @entity1 . METHODS: All @entity0 with confirmed perforated @entity3 were identified over a 5-year period in two hospitals in Norfolk, UK. Two control groups were selected and matched for age, sex and hospital of admission. Data on medication use were obtained from hospital records. Odds ratios for each drug were calculated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Opioid analgesics, NSAIDs and @entity2 were all positively associated with perforated @entity3 . The odds ratio for opioid analgesics was 1.8 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1.1 to 3.0) in the analysis with ophthalmology controls and 3.1 (95 per cent c.i. 1.8 to 5.5) in that with dermatology controls. Respective odds ratios for NSAIDs were 4.0 (95 per cent c.i. 2.1 to 7.6) and 3.7 (95 per cent c.i. 2.0 to 6.8), and those for @entity2 were 5.7 (95 per cent c.i. 2.2 to 14.4) and 7.8 (95 per cent c.i. 2.6 to 23.3). CONCLUSION: Opioid analgesics, NSAIDs and @entity2 are all positively associated with perforated @entity3 . The consistency of these associations, together with plausible biological mechanisms, suggests that these drugs may have a causative role in this condition.

title: Anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics and the risk of perforated XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The male reproductive tract contains two different isoenzymes of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), i.e., pulmonary and testicular @entity1 . The present study shows selectively the cellular distribution of the @entity1 isoenzymes in the reproductive tract of male @entity0 , using indirect immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase methods. Testicular @entity1 was found in the seminiferous tubules of the testes in spermatocytes containing mature spermatids, and in spermatids within the epididymal tubular lumen in sexually mature, but not in immature, @entity0 . Epididymal tubular cells contained pulmonary @entity1 . In the young @entity0 , epididymal tissue contained more @entity1 than that in adult @entity0 , since @entity1 was observed in principal cells in addition to basal cells. In mature @entity0 , @entity1 was observed in basal cells only. Strong staining for pulmonary @entity1 was observed in cells of the vas deferens in both young and adult @entity0 . Therefore, synthesis of epididymal @entity1 , unlike the testicular isoenzyme, was not stimulated by sexual maturation. Enzymatically active @entity1 in seminal fluid corresponds to the pulmonary isoenzyme. The present study indicates that this seminal fluid @entity1 may originate from cells of the epididymal tubules, particularly those of the vas deferens. Endothelial cells of blood vessels lying in the interstitium of both testicular and epididymal tissue contained the pulmonary isoenzyme.

title: Immunohistochemical localization of two angiotensin I-converting isoenzymes in the reproductive tract of the male XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study was carried out to determine the pathways along which two strains of @entity3 (JV), the pathogenic XJV and the attenuated XJC13V, reach the CNS following IP inoculation of 2-day-old @entity0 . A sequential study of infectivity and antigen distribution in peritoneal macrophages, spleen, and brain was performed. Mortality was 85% with the former strain, but only 15% with the latter. At 4-7 days PI, XJV-infected animals had viral antigen in 10% of peritoneal macrophages. @entity1 and spleen virus lasted for 10-15 days. Low brain titers were detected at day 7, with a peak at day 15. Brain antigen correlated with virus titers. In contrast, XJC13V-infected rats, macrophage antigen appeared later and to a lesser degree (1% of cells). @entity1 and spleen virus were transient, while both the @entity2 and the viral antigen proved lower. Antibody titers were over twofold higher for XJ-infected animals. It is suggested that the different replication rate at the inoculation site could account for the greater ability of the XJV strain to reach the CNS. A greater antigen mass and/or more numerous antigenic determinants presented by the macrophage could explain the higher antibody titers found in XJ-injected @entity0 , which were unable, however, to prevent viral spread.

title: XXXX access to CNS by extraneural @entity0 inoculation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study was carried out to determine the pathways along which two strains of @entity3 (JV), the pathogenic XJV and the attenuated XJC13V, reach the CNS following IP inoculation of 2-day-old @entity0 . A sequential study of infectivity and antigen distribution in peritoneal macrophages, spleen, and brain was performed. Mortality was 85% with the former strain, but only 15% with the latter. At 4-7 days PI, XJV-infected animals had viral antigen in 10% of peritoneal macrophages. @entity1 and spleen virus lasted for 10-15 days. Low brain titers were detected at day 7, with a peak at day 15. Brain antigen correlated with virus titers. In contrast, XJC13V-infected rats, macrophage antigen appeared later and to a lesser degree (1% of cells). @entity1 and spleen virus were transient, while both the @entity2 and the viral antigen proved lower. Antibody titers were over twofold higher for XJ-infected animals. It is suggested that the different replication rate at the inoculation site could account for the greater ability of the XJV strain to reach the CNS. A greater antigen mass and/or more numerous antigenic determinants presented by the macrophage could explain the higher antibody titers found in XJ-injected @entity0 , which were unable, however, to prevent viral spread.

title: @entity3 access to CNS by extraneural XXXX inoculation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) occurs in a third of the childbirths preterm, this represents 8% of all pregnancies, with same morbidity and mortality in developing and developed countries, @entity1 is the more common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, making this obstetric complication a worldwide problem of health, since it contributes to the economic problem for the cost risen in medical attention for both, mothers and live birth. @entity1 is considered a mutifactorial entity. This study was carried out in the Hospital de Ginecolog  a y Obstetricia of the Centro M  dico "La Raza" in Mexico City, where @entity0 entered in serial form with pregnancies from 27 to 34 weeks of gestation and spontaneous @entity1 , without any other pathology. 120 @entity0 were included, with 26.8 +/- 5.9 year-old age. The gestational age with more frequency of @entity1 were from 30 to 33 weeks, 22.5% of the @entity0 had 4 days with @entity1 , 6 of this cases arrived up to 13 days with this complication at delivery. 2.5% of the @entity0 presented deciduitis, with adequated response to the use of antibiotics. When analyzing the hospital stay, a stay was observed from 4 to 7 days (5.26 +/- 1.96 M +/- SD), with a total cost for maternal stay of 2 millions 445,650 pesos. Those babies born had an average of 23 days of hospital stay and the total cot of the days of stay was 4 millions 963,978 pesos. Other costs were the attention of maternal and pediatrics specialty, the obstetric resolution of the pregnancy, obstetric ultrasonography and crystallographies. Thus, the total costs of the attention of this complication in these @entity0 with @entity1 was of 10 millions 296,988 pesos. The international reference is the American dollar that was in 10 pesos for dollar to the moment of this study. The maternal morbidity is low to that described in previous studies, but in spite of the exhaustive efforts on the prevention, prediction, diagnosis and treatment, the premature rate due to @entity1 has not diminished, however the rate of neonatal survival has been increased and the morbidity has diminished.

title: [Maternal and fetal morbidity in XXXX with premature rupture of the membrane after 27-week gestation. Causes and costs].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Seven autopsies performed on immunosuppressed bone marrow transplant recipients who died with documented herpes virus infection were reviewed. The kidneys were studied by light and electron microscopy and revealed no pathological findings, specifically no @entity1 or tubular @entity2 . Seven renal biopsies performed on kidney transplant recipients in whom a diagnosis of @entity1 was entertained were also studied. These @entity0 exhibited clinical parameters suggestive of @entity3 . Three @entity0 had subsequent nephrectomies and two showed severe acute vascular rejection. The one kidney without demonstrable acute vascular rejection was negative for cytomegalovirus on culture. Three additional @entity0 improved or stabilized their renal function under therapy for rejection. Light, electron microscopic and immunofluorescent studies, although confirmatory of endothelial cell damage, did not substantiate active @entity1 in these @entity0 . An additional group of fifteen @entity0 with disseminated @entity3 revealed no evidence of @entity1 . Finally, two kidney transplant recipients with proven @entity3 (one with associated tubular @entity2 ) also showed no glomerular alterations. It is the author's opinion that the entity that has been considered as @entity1 probably represents rejection, either a peculiar anti-endothelial type of rejection or a protracted, early, or partially resolved acute vascular rejection without residual or identifiable acute vascular rejection changes in the tissue sampled.

title: XXXX : a controversial lesion.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have analysed the role played by @entity3 ( @entity2 ) in Italy today, and in particular in L'Aquila, in the light of a worrying recrudescence. We report the case of a 64-year-old @entity0 , in menopause for the past 11 years or so, referred to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the University of L'Aquila, with an anamnesis of menometrorrhagia since the age of 55. The @entity0 was studied from a gynecological and internist profile including the following procedures: gynecological examination and pap-test, colposcopy, transvaginal scan, chest X-ray, abdominal and pelvic CAT, laboratory tests and Mantoux reaction. The uterus was found to be fibromatous during the gynecological examination and scan, whereas colposcopy revealed a small ectropion and the presence of very adherent yellowish mucus. The Mantoux test was positive. CAT showed cicatricial sequelae in the @entity1 . It was decided to perform curettage, but this was prevented by the presence of pyometra. The @entity0 was treated with specific chemotherapy and then underwent total laparohysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy. The histological findings confirmed genital @entity2 . Genital @entity2 is now undergoing a worrying recrudescence. We need to have a full knowledge of the pathology, the diagnostic means with which to discover it and the correct therapeutic instruments to overcome it.

title: XXXX in a menopausal @entity0 . A case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have analysed the role played by @entity3 ( @entity2 ) in Italy today, and in particular in L'Aquila, in the light of a worrying recrudescence. We report the case of a 64-year-old @entity0 , in menopause for the past 11 years or so, referred to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the University of L'Aquila, with an anamnesis of menometrorrhagia since the age of 55. The @entity0 was studied from a gynecological and internist profile including the following procedures: gynecological examination and pap-test, colposcopy, transvaginal scan, chest X-ray, abdominal and pelvic CAT, laboratory tests and Mantoux reaction. The uterus was found to be fibromatous during the gynecological examination and scan, whereas colposcopy revealed a small ectropion and the presence of very adherent yellowish mucus. The Mantoux test was positive. CAT showed cicatricial sequelae in the @entity1 . It was decided to perform curettage, but this was prevented by the presence of pyometra. The @entity0 was treated with specific chemotherapy and then underwent total laparohysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy. The histological findings confirmed genital @entity2 . Genital @entity2 is now undergoing a worrying recrudescence. We need to have a full knowledge of the pathology, the diagnostic means with which to discover it and the correct therapeutic instruments to overcome it.

title: @entity3 in a menopausal XXXX . A case report.

answer: @entity0