abstract: @entity6 is caused by transplacental contamination of the fetus withToxoplasma gondiifollowing maternal @entity3 . The risk of mother-to- @entity0 transmission depends on the term of pregnancy at the time of @entity3 . The risk is lower than 5% in the first trimester but can reach 90% in the last days of pregnancy. Inversely, however, @entity4 is more severe when contamination occurs early in pregnancy. The French prevention program officially recommends monthly serological screening of susceptible @entity0 during pregnancy and information about hygiene and dietary rules. Prenatal diagnosis of @entity6 is based on a combination of examinations: PCR testing for the parasite in amniotic fluid, @entity1 inoculation, fetal ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Neonatal screening consists of PCR of the placenta, @entity1 inoculation, detection of specific IgM and IgA in the newborn, ocular fundus examinations by indirect ophthalmoscopy, and transfontanellar ultrasonography. As soon as @entity3 is suspected, preventive treatment with @entity8 begins; the treatment is changed to a combination of @entity7 - @entity9 if fetal infection is proved. Some teams are using this combination as first-line treatment after 30 weeks of gestation, without performing amniocentesis. Recent European multicenter studies raise questions about the effectiveness of prenatal treatment on mother-to- @entity0 transmission and on the reduction in the number and severity of fetal sequelae. A randomized controlled trial is required to prove the efficacy of prenatal treatment in general and of specific drugs, in particular. As soon as infection is confirmed, infected @entity0 are treated with the @entity7 - @entity9 combination for 12 to 24 months. Recent multicenter studies show that postnatal treatment does not prevent @entity5 : 5% of treated @entity0 had @entity2 at birth, 20% at 5 years, and 30% at 8 years of age. Furthermore no consensus exists about the duration of postnatal treatment (3 months in Denmark versus 12 months in France). A multicenter randomized controlled trial is necessary to assess the efficacy of postnatal treatment and determine its duration. A surveillance system was set up in 2007 by the National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis to determine the perinatal burden of this infection and to assess the national policy.

title: [Management of XXXX in France: current data].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are effective @entity2 controllers, but long-term use could lead to adverse effects. OBJECTIVE: To examine adrenal responsiveness of @entity0 with persistent @entity2 treated with long-term ICSs. METHODS: Morning plasma @entity3 levels before and 30 minutes after @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (1 microg intravenously) stimulation were compared. Primary end points included mean prestimulation and poststimulation @entity3 levels; secondary end points included morning @entity3 level of 5 microg/dL or less, post- @entity6 stimulation @entity3 level of 18 microg/dL or less, and/or a net change of 7 microg/dL or less from baseline. RESULTS: A total of 103 @entity4 @entity0 (29 in the @entity5 group, 18 in the @entity9 group, 45 in the @entity7 group, and 11 in the oral @entity1 group [positive controls]) completed the study. Mean daily @entity8 doses and durations were as follows: @entity5 : 448 microg for 36 months; @entity9 : 1,181 microg for 41 months; and @entity7 : 745 microg for 19 months. Eleven of 30 @entity0 taking high-dose ICSs (10 of 28 taking @entity7 and 1 of 2 taking @entity9 ) had both low morning @entity3 levels and abnormal post- @entity6 stimulation @entity3 levels. Few @entity0 taking lower doses of any @entity8 had abnormal results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who require long-term treatment with high-dose ICSs may have abnormal morning plasma @entity3 levels and reduced responsiveness to @entity6 stimulation. Careful monitoring of adrenal function should be considered in such @entity0 .

title: Effects of long-term inhaled corticosteroids on adrenal function in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are effective @entity2 controllers, but long-term use could lead to adverse effects. OBJECTIVE: To examine adrenal responsiveness of @entity0 with persistent @entity2 treated with long-term ICSs. METHODS: Morning plasma @entity3 levels before and 30 minutes after @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (1 microg intravenously) stimulation were compared. Primary end points included mean prestimulation and poststimulation @entity3 levels; secondary end points included morning @entity3 level of 5 microg/dL or less, post- @entity6 stimulation @entity3 level of 18 microg/dL or less, and/or a net change of 7 microg/dL or less from baseline. RESULTS: A total of 103 @entity4 @entity0 (29 in the @entity5 group, 18 in the @entity9 group, 45 in the @entity7 group, and 11 in the oral @entity1 group [positive controls]) completed the study. Mean daily @entity8 doses and durations were as follows: @entity5 : 448 microg for 36 months; @entity9 : 1,181 microg for 41 months; and @entity7 : 745 microg for 19 months. Eleven of 30 @entity0 taking high-dose ICSs (10 of 28 taking @entity7 and 1 of 2 taking @entity9 ) had both low morning @entity3 levels and abnormal post- @entity6 stimulation @entity3 levels. Few @entity0 taking lower doses of any @entity8 had abnormal results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who require long-term treatment with high-dose ICSs may have abnormal morning plasma @entity3 levels and reduced responsiveness to @entity6 stimulation. Careful monitoring of adrenal function should be considered in such @entity0 .

title: Effects of long-term inhaled corticosteroids on adrenal function in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Prior reviews regarding genitourinary manifestations of @entity4 used data acquired from diverse specialty specific articles to define the incidence and sequelae of its genitourinary manifestations. We believe that this resulted in erroneous conclusions regarding the urological complications of @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on genitourinary manifestations in @entity0 with @entity4 treated at 1 institution from 1970 through 2005 were acquired. RESULTS: Of 218 @entity0 with @entity4 30% (66 of 218) had genitourinary involvement, including 7% (15) with @entity2 , 7% (15) with visceral genitourinary involvement and 16% (36) with each type. Intermittent @entity1 from @entity2 developed in 65% of @entity0 (33 of 51). Conservative treatment with compression and/or cauterization was attempted in all 33 @entity0 and it was successful in 64% (21 of 33). Intractable @entity1 resulted in excision of the cutaneous @entity1 site in 36% of cases (12 of 33). A total of 39 hospitalizations for gross @entity3 occurred in 9% of the @entity0 (19 of 218). @entity3 developed from the bladder in 11 cases, the urethra in 4 and the kidney in 4. Conservative therapy resolved gross @entity3 in 21% of the @entity0 (4 of 19). Refractory @entity3 was successfully treated with cauterization in 37% of the @entity0 (7 of 19) and by angiographic embolization in 10% (2 of 19). Intractable gross @entity3 resulted in open surgical excision of the @entity1 site in 32% of the @entity0 (6 of 19). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of genitourinary manifestations of @entity4 is 30%, which is triple the previously reported incidence of 9%. Unlike prior reports stating that the @entity2 rarely caused problems, 52% of the @entity0 (34 of 66) with @entity4 who had urological manifestations eventually required interventional therapy for genitourinary complications.

title: XXXX : incidence and treatment of genitourinary sequelae.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2 involving the supra-aortic vessels are rare but carry serious risk of embolization, @entity3 , and @entity1 . We describe our experience with the diagnosis, treatment strategies, and outcomes in @entity0 with extended follow-up. METHODS: Data during a 17-year period (January 1990 to December 2007) was analyzed. We assessed age, gender, presenting symptoms, localization, pathologic diagnosis, type of procedures, complications, and survival. RESULTS: A total of 74 @entity0 were treated for supra-aortic @entity2 . Of all @entity2 treated, 63% were degenerative, 24% iatrogenic, 8% traumatic, 3% genetic, and 1% mycotic. The subclavian artery was most commonly affected (50%, 2/3 in the right side), followed by the common carotid (36%), internal carotid (10%), innominate (3%), and vertebral (1%). At the time of diagnosis, 52 @entity0 (70%) were asymptomatic, but of those symptomatic 68% had an embolic event as a presenting symptom. @entity4 were more common in @entity0 with smaller @entity2 (P < .006). Open surgery was performed in 77% of all cases, and the use of endovascular techniques became the predominant treatment modality over the last 4 years. Survival at 30 days was 100%. Five- and 10-year survival rates were 87% and 43%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Most cases of supra-aortic @entity2 are asymptomatic and embolization as opposed to @entity1 represents the greatest risk to the @entity0 . Most cases can be detected prior to symptoms. Endovascular repair is an emerging alternative of treatment and, with the current development of appropriate devices, will likely form the mainstay of therapy in the near future.

title: Supra-aortic vessels XXXX : diagnosis and prompt intervention.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To characterise the clinical features and response to treatment of supratentorial cavernomas associated with @entity1 . METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was carried out and a retrospective case series of @entity0 with cavernoma diagnosed by MRI and/or histology was compiled. @entity0 selection biases in the literature review were reduced as far as possible by selection of unbiased publications. RESULTS: In the literature, cavernomas were relatively less common in the frontal lobes. There were multiple cavernomas in 23% of cases. The main clinical manifestations were @entity2 (79%) and @entity3 (16%). The annual @entity3 rate was 0.7%. The outcome after excision was good with improvement in @entity2 in 92% of @entity0 . In the case series the surgical outcome was less favourable, reflecting inclusion of a higher proportion of @entity0 with intractable @entity1 . In both the literature review and the case series, outcome was poorer in cases with a longer duration of @entity2 at the time of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The good surgical results, particularly in cases treated earlier, and the significant cumulative @entity3 rate, suggest that excision is the optimum treatment. However, these factors have not been examined prospectively and, despite the availability of several retrospective studies, the optimum treatment, particularly for non-intractable cases, will only be determined by a prospective study.

title: Supratentorial cavernous haemangiomas and XXXX : a review of the literature and case series.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the utility of an extratympanic intrameatal electrode for intraoperative monitoring during @entity2 and other @entity1 surgery and to define the neurophysiological and surgical factors which influence hearing preservation. METHODS: Twenty two @entity0 , 18 with @entity2 and four with @entity1 , underwent intraoperative monitoring during @entity1 excision. The extratympanic intrameatal electrode (IME) was used to record the electrocochleogram (ECoG) and surface electrodes to record the brainstem auditory evoked response (ABR). RESULTS: The compound action potential (CAP) of the ECoG was two and a half times greater in amplitude than wave I of the ABR and was easily monitored. Virtually instant information was available as minimal averaging was required. Continuous monitoring was possible from the commencement of anaesthesia to skin closure. The IME was easy to place, non-invasive, and did not interfere with the operative field. Operative procedures which affected CAP or wave V latency or amplitude were drilling around the internal auditory meatus, @entity1 dissection, nerve section, and brainstem and cerebellar retraction. Hearing was achieved in 59% of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The IME had significant benefits in comparison with other methods of monitoring. The technique provided information beneficial to preservation of hearing.

title: Intraoperative monitoring during surgery for XXXX : benefits of an extratympanic intrameatal electrode.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interest in bariatric surgery is growing as an effective method for long-term metabolic control in morbidly @entity2 @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 . We analyzed the @entity4 and changes in use of @entity1 medication in @entity2 @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 treated with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). METHODS: From 1993 to 2005, 1791 morbid @entity2 @entity0 underwent LAGB at our institution. Of the 1791 @entity0 , 394 (22%) had @entity1 at baseline. Of the 394 @entity0 with @entity1 , 52 were receiving @entity1 medication. The median follow-up period for the drug-treated @entity1 @entity0 was 3 years (range .25-9). RESULTS: The drug-treated @entity1 @entity0 were older (age 47.6 +/- 7.5 versus 37.5 +/- 10.7 years, P <.001), weighed more (body mass index 49.1 +/- 9.5 versus 45.6 +/- 7.5 kg/m(2), P 0.001), and were more frequently affected by co-morbidities than the nondiabetic @entity0 at surgery. The percentage of excess @entity4 1 year after surgery was less (32.4% +/- 14.1% versus 41.1% +/- 19.9%, P <.01) for the drug-treated @entity1 @entity0 than for the nondiabetic @entity0 . This difference was maintained for 5 years of follow-up. A significant decline occurred in the use of both oral @entity1 medication and insulin after surgery. Of the 52 @entity0 treated with oral antidiabetic medication at baseline, 33 required oral antidiabetic medication at the end of follow-up. Of the 6 @entity0 who also required insulin at baseline, 2 did so at the end of follow-up. The use of @entity1 medication had increased in 4 @entity0 (7.7%), was unchanged in 12 (23.1%), had decreased in 17 (32.7%), and was suspended in 19 (36.5%) of 52 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The amount of @entity4 after LAGB was less in drug-treated @entity1 @entity0 than in nondiabetic @entity0 . However, LAGB was associated with a sustained reduction in the use of @entity1 medication.

title: Weight loss and changes in use of antidiabetic medication in XXXX diabetics after laparoscopic gastric banding.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 divers are exposed to repeated massive arterial @entity1 desaturation, which could perturb chemoreflexes. An earlier study suggested that peripheral chemoreflex regulation of sympathetic vasomotor tone and ventilation may have recovered 4 or more weeks into the off season. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that peripheral chemoreflex regulation of ventilation and sympathetic vasomotor tone is present during the training season. We determined ventilation, heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac @entity3 volume, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) during isocapnic @entity5 in 10 breath hold divers and 11 matched control subjects. The study was carried out at the end of the season of intense @entity4 trainings. Baseline MSNA frequency was 30+/-4bursts/min in control subjects and 25+/-4bursts/min in breath hold divers (P=0.053). During @entity5 burst frequency and total sympathetic activity increased similarly in both groups. Sympathetic activity normalized during the 30-minute recovery. @entity5 -induced stimulation of minute ventilation was similar in both groups, although in divers it was maintained by higher tidal volumes and lower breathing frequency compared with control subjects. In both groups, @entity5 increased heart rate and cardiac output whereas total peripheral resistance decreased. Blood pressure remained unchanged. We conclude that peripheral chemoreflex regulation of ventilation and sympathetic vasomotor tone is paradoxically preserved in @entity4 divers, both, during the off and during the training season. The observation suggests that repeated arterial @entity1 desaturation may not be sufficient explaining sympathetic reflex abnormalities similar to those in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity and sympathetic nerve activity are normal in XXXX divers during training season.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Medium-term studies of ABG-1 cementless total hip arthroplasty have shown favorable functional results with excellent femoral component fixation but an abnormally high rate of periacetabular component @entity7 , which may require early revision. HYPOTHESIS: The periacetabular @entity7 rate increases with time with the ABG-1 implant, leading to a high revision rate. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis with a minimum follow-up of 10 years and evaluate the progression of periacetabular @entity7 and its consequences on implant fixation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A continuous series of 111 ABG-1 cementless prostheses implanted by a single operator with a theoretical minimum follow-up of 10 years. Seventy-five implants were analyzed with a mean follow-up of 13 years. All the prostheses had been implanted via a posterolateral approach and consisted of a 28 mm cup matching a head in zirconia and an antidislocation rim design high-density @entity4 insert. RESULTS: Twelve cups were revised because of progressive @entity7 . The revisions were performed systematically although there was no @entity2 or gross cup loosening. The revisions included resection of the @entity6 , @entity9 filling with morselized bone grafts, and implantation of new uncemented ABG-2 cups in eight cases or cemented cups associated with a support ring in the four other cases. Thirty-two (48.5%) of the cups still in place at the end of the follow-up evaluation presented moderate and asymptomatic @entity7 , inciting close subsequent observation. No predictive factor of @entity7 onset was identified (age, body mass index, @entity4 wear, or cup orientation). None of the femoral stems was changed because of @entity7 : the only two femoral revisions resulted from @entity8 and one case of @entity3 . The femoral @entity7 images were small and all limited to zones 7a (18.8% of cases), 1a, and 1b (65.2% of cases). The overall survival rate of the series at 13 years of follow-up was 80.5%; the cup survival rate was 83.2%; the femoral implant, 94.3%; and failure of the femoral stem secondary to aseptic loosening was only 1.3%. DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION: This long-term study confirms the high frequency of @entity7 of ABG-1 prostheses surpassing the @entity7 rate of other uncemented cups with a @entity4 insert. The absence of predictive criteria of @entity7 occurrence and the lack of symptoms warrants periodic follow-up of @entity0 with ABG-1 cups and, if necessary, early repair of bone stock loss with grafts combined with acetabular cup revision. This procedure remains simple as long as performed before the onset of massive @entity1 , confirming the proposed revisions in this series were judicious. This study also confirms the excellent long-term fixation of the ABG-1 femoral stems derived from the osteointegration and proximal seal around the @entity5 coating.

title: Long-term results of the ABG-1 XXXX coated total hip arthroplasty: analysis of 111 cases with a minimum follow-up of 10 years.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: For a comprehensive overview of the genetic alterations of @entity3 , their association and clinical significance, we conducted a whole-genome DNA copy number analysis. @entity0 AND METHODS: A series of 493 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) samples was investigated by array-based comparative genomic hybridization in two consecutive steps (224, then 269 @entity0 ). RESULTS: Genomic analysis identified several types of profiles. Tumors presenting exclusively whole-chromosome copy number variations were associated with excellent survival. No @entity2 was observed in this group. In contrast, @entity1 with any @entity4 characterized @entity0 with a high risk of relapse. @entity0 with both numerical and @entity4 clearly shared the higher risk of relapse of @entity4 @entity0 . In a multivariate analysis, taking into account the genomic profile, but also previously described individual genetic and clinical markers with prognostic significance, the presence of segmental alterations with (HR, 7.3; 95% CI, 3.7 to 14.5; P < .001) or without @entity5 amplification (HR, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.4 to 8.4; P < .001) was the strongest predictor of relapse; the other significant variables were age older than 18 months (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.8; P = .004) and stage 4 (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.7; P = .005). Finally, within @entity1 showing segmental alterations, stage 4, age, @entity5 amplification, 1p and 11q deletions, and 1q gain were independent predictors of decreased overall survival. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the overall genomic pattern, which probably unravels particular genomic instability mechanisms rather than the analysis of individual markers, is essential to predict relapse in @entity3 @entity0 . It adds critical prognostic information to conventional markers and should be included in future treatment stratification.

title: Overall genomic pattern is a predictor of outcome in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a randomized, double-blind, prospective study, we have evaluated the effect of i.v. infusion of @entity7 during spinal anaesthesia on postoperative @entity5 and postoperative analgesic requirements. METHODS: Forty @entity0 undergoing total hip replacement arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia were included. After the induction of spinal anaesthesia, the @entity6 group (Group M) received @entity7 50 mg kg(-1) for 15 min and then 15 mg kg(-1) h(-1) by continuous i.v. infusion until the end of surgery. The saline group (Group S) received the same volume of isotonic saline over the same period. After surgery, a @entity0 -controlled @entity5 (PCA) device containing @entity4 and @entity8 was provided for the @entity0 . @entity2 scores, PCA consumption, and the incidences of shivering, postoperative @entity3 were evaluated immediately after surgery, and at 30 min, 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery. Serum @entity6 concentrations were checked before the induction of anaesthesia, immediately after surgery, and at 1 and 24 h after surgery. RESULTS: @entity2 scores were significantly lower in Group M at 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery (P<0.05). Cumulative @entity1 were also significantly lower in Group M at 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery (P<0.05). Postoperative @entity6 concentrations were higher in Group M (P<0.05 at 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery), but no side-effects associated with hypermagnesemia were observed. Haemodynamic variables and the incidences of shivering, @entity3 were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: I.V. @entity7 administration during spinal anaesthesia improves postoperative @entity5 .

title: I.V. infusion of @entity7 during spinal anaesthesia improves postoperative XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a randomized, double-blind, prospective study, we have evaluated the effect of i.v. infusion of @entity7 during spinal anaesthesia on postoperative @entity5 and postoperative analgesic requirements. METHODS: Forty @entity0 undergoing total hip replacement arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia were included. After the induction of spinal anaesthesia, the @entity6 group (Group M) received @entity7 50 mg kg(-1) for 15 min and then 15 mg kg(-1) h(-1) by continuous i.v. infusion until the end of surgery. The saline group (Group S) received the same volume of isotonic saline over the same period. After surgery, a @entity0 -controlled @entity5 (PCA) device containing @entity4 and @entity8 was provided for the @entity0 . @entity2 scores, PCA consumption, and the incidences of shivering, postoperative @entity3 were evaluated immediately after surgery, and at 30 min, 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery. Serum @entity6 concentrations were checked before the induction of anaesthesia, immediately after surgery, and at 1 and 24 h after surgery. RESULTS: @entity2 scores were significantly lower in Group M at 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery (P<0.05). Cumulative @entity1 were also significantly lower in Group M at 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery (P<0.05). Postoperative @entity6 concentrations were higher in Group M (P<0.05 at 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery), but no side-effects associated with hypermagnesemia were observed. Haemodynamic variables and the incidences of shivering, @entity3 were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: I.V. @entity7 administration during spinal anaesthesia improves postoperative @entity5 .

title: I.V. infusion of XXXX during spinal anaesthesia improves postoperative @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To correlate neuropsychological outcome in @entity0 after severe traumatic @entity3 , with neurophysiological and neuroradiological data collected during the intensive care unit (ICU) period of care. METHODS: @entity0 admitted to Waikato Hospital ICU with severe traumatic @entity3 were studied. Respiratory difficulty at the accident site, admission Glasgow @entity4 Score (GCS), anatomic traumatic brain disruption as quantified by a cerebral computed tomography score, prolongation of the central conduction time (CCT) of somatosensory evoked potentials and the percentage time that the cerebral perfusion pressure was less than 70 mmHg (%CPP < 70) were measured. Neuropsychological outcome was assessed, in terms of cognitive and behavioural function, by the Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) test (performed by the @entity0 ) and @entity3 Behaviour rating scale (HIBS, performed by their caregiver) respectively, one year following injury. RESULTS: Sixty-eight @entity0 with a median post-resuscitation GCS of 6 were able to complete the neuropsychological follow up. Most @entity0 had significantly impaired cognitive and behavioural function (mean COWA = 32 and HIBS = 9.7). Cognitive function did not correlate significantly with behavioural function (COWA vs HIBS, r = -0.14, p = 0.27). There were no significant correlations between either GCS (r = 0.15, p = 0.28) or estimates of respiratory difficulty at the accident scene and neuropsychological outcome. Poor cognitive outcome (COWA) was correlated with %CPP < 70 (r =-0.41, p = 0.005) and prolonged CCT (r = 0.26, p = 0.03). There was an insignificant correlation between the CT score and cognitive outcome (frontal lobe score vs COWA, r = -0.12, p = 0.33). However, the group of @entity0 with the most severe @entity2 tended to have a worse behavioural outcome as assessed by the HIBS. CONCLUSIONS: Behavioural outcome as quantified by the caregiver (HIBS) does not correlate well with the degree of @entity1 as measured directly from the @entity0 (COWA). Severely head injured @entity0 with poor neurophysiological indicators (%CPP < 70 or prolonged CCT) have a poor neuropsychological outcome. However, anatomical disruption of the brain as estimated by the frontal lobe CT score correlated poorly with outcome.

title: Cognitive and psychosocial outcome in survivors of severe XXXX : correlations with cerebral perfusion pressure, frontal lobe damage and somatosensory evoked potentials.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is an @entity1 mediated by T lymphocytes. Many treatments have been used but their results remain disappointing. There is a need to propose new therapeutic alternatives. METHODS: During a period of 3 years, 26 @entity0 with recalcitrant or severe @entity2 (>40% hair loss) were enrolled in an open-label uncontrolled clinical trial. According to the response to @entity3 , @entity0 were grouped into 3 categories: no hair regrowth (< 10% terminal hair), partial hair regrowth (10%-90% terminal hair), and complete hair regrowth (90%-100% terminal hair). Efficacy evaluation was performed with clinical examination. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity0 completed the treatment. Overall, 68.2% (15 of 22 @entity0 ) responded to therapy: 27.3% (6 of 22 @entity0 ) achieved complete hair regrowth, and 40.9% had partial hair regrowth. Seven (31.8%) @entity0 had no hair regrowth. Of the 22 @entity0 with complete and partial remission, 10 (45.5%) suffered a partial or complete relapse. Side effects following treatment were seen in 7 (31.8%) @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity3 could be considered as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of @entity2 , because of its safety profile, cosmetically acceptable efficacy, and good tolerability.

title: An uncontrolled, open label study of XXXX in severe alopecia areata.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resistance to activated @entity4 due to the factor V @entity5 (Leiden) mutation is the most common clotting abnormality in @entity0 with @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk for @entity2 associated with the @entity3 mutation or with resistance to activated @entity4 in the general population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: General community of Vicenza, Italy. @entity0 : A population-based sample of 15,109 white @entity0 18 to 65 years of age who were randomly selected from the census list. MEASUREMENTS: Sequential validated approach based on @entity0 ' reports and Doppler ultrasonography. Resistance to activated @entity4 was investigated in all @entity0 ; 2134 @entity0 with resistance to activated @entity4 were screened for the @entity3 mutation. RESULTS: Carriers of the @entity3 mutation had a relative risk of 3.3 (95% CI, 1.7 to 6.1) for @entity2 before 65 years of age. The fraction of cases attributable to the @entity3 mutation was 6.6%. By 65 years of age, 5.7% of carriers of the mutation had had @entity2 , mostly after surgery. @entity0 with a reduced response to activated @entity4 were at higher risk even if they did not carry the mutation (odds ratio, 1.7 [CI, 1.0 to 2.7]); the attributable risk for @entity2 was 5.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3 mutation and resistance to activated @entity4 are important, independent risk factors for @entity2 . Screening strategies for the @entity3 mutation in @entity0 undergoing surgery or experiencing @entity1 cannot be recommended, but phenotypic evaluation of resistance to activated @entity4 should be encouraged in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Activated protein C resistance and @entity3 mutation are independent risk factors for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resistance to activated @entity4 due to the factor V @entity5 (Leiden) mutation is the most common clotting abnormality in @entity0 with @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk for @entity2 associated with the @entity3 mutation or with resistance to activated @entity4 in the general population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: General community of Vicenza, Italy. @entity0 : A population-based sample of 15,109 white @entity0 18 to 65 years of age who were randomly selected from the census list. MEASUREMENTS: Sequential validated approach based on @entity0 ' reports and Doppler ultrasonography. Resistance to activated @entity4 was investigated in all @entity0 ; 2134 @entity0 with resistance to activated @entity4 were screened for the @entity3 mutation. RESULTS: Carriers of the @entity3 mutation had a relative risk of 3.3 (95% CI, 1.7 to 6.1) for @entity2 before 65 years of age. The fraction of cases attributable to the @entity3 mutation was 6.6%. By 65 years of age, 5.7% of carriers of the mutation had had @entity2 , mostly after surgery. @entity0 with a reduced response to activated @entity4 were at higher risk even if they did not carry the mutation (odds ratio, 1.7 [CI, 1.0 to 2.7]); the attributable risk for @entity2 was 5.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3 mutation and resistance to activated @entity4 are important, independent risk factors for @entity2 . Screening strategies for the @entity3 mutation in @entity0 undergoing surgery or experiencing @entity1 cannot be recommended, but phenotypic evaluation of resistance to activated @entity4 should be encouraged in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Activated protein C resistance and XXXX mutation are independent risk factors for @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The glucagon-stimulated transcription of the cytosolic @entity6 carboxykinase-1 ( @entity8 ) gene is mediated by @entity2 and positively modulated by @entity0 in primary hepatocytes. @entity1 hepatocytes were transfected with constructs containing the first 2500, 493 or 281 bp of the @entity8 5'-flanking region in front of the @entity4 acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. With all three constructs glucagon induced CAT activity with decreasing efficiency maximally under arterial @entity5 and to about 65% under venous @entity5 . @entity1 hepatocytes were then transfected with constructs containing the first 493 bp of the @entity8 5'-flanking region in front of the luciferase (LUC) reporter gene, which were block-mutated at the CRE1 ( @entity2 -response element-1; -93/-86), putative CRE2 (-146/-139), promoter element (P) 1 (-118/-104), P2 (-193/-181) or P4 (-291/-273) sites. Glucagon induced LUC activity strongly when the P1 and P2 sites were mutated and weakly when the P4 site was mutated; induction of the @entity7 mutants was positively modulated by the @entity5 . Glucagon also induced LUC activity strongly when the putative CRE2 site was altered; however, induction of the CRE2 mutant was not modulated by the @entity5 . Glucagon did not induce LUC activity when the CRE1 site was modified. These experiments suggested that the CRE1 but not the putative CRE2 was an essential site necessary for the @entity2 -mediated @entity8 gene activation by glucagon and that the putative CRE2 site was involved in the @entity0 -dependent modulation of @entity8 gene activation. To confirm these conclusions @entity1 hepatocytes were transfected with @entity3 (SV40)-promoter-driven LUC-gene constructs containing three CRE1 sequences (-95/-84), three CRE2 sequences (-148/-137) or three CRE1 sequences plus two CRE2 sequences of the @entity8 gene in front of the SV40 promoter. Glucagon induced LUC activity markedly when the CRE1, but not when the CRE2, sites were in front of the SV40-LUC gene; however, induction of the (CRE1)3SV40-LUC constructs was not modulated by the @entity5 . Glucagon also induced LUC activity very strongly when the CRE1 and CRE2 sites were combined; induction of the (CRE1)3(CRE2)2SV40-LUC constructs was positively modulated by the @entity5 . These findings corroborated that sequences of the putative CRE2 site were responsible for the modulation by @entity0 of the CRE1-dependent induction by glucagon of @entity8 gene transcription.

title: Identification of an XXXX -responsive element in the 5'-flanking sequence of the @entity1 cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 gene, modulating its glucagon-dependent activation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The glucagon-stimulated transcription of the cytosolic @entity6 carboxykinase-1 ( @entity8 ) gene is mediated by @entity2 and positively modulated by @entity0 in primary hepatocytes. @entity1 hepatocytes were transfected with constructs containing the first 2500, 493 or 281 bp of the @entity8 5'-flanking region in front of the @entity4 acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. With all three constructs glucagon induced CAT activity with decreasing efficiency maximally under arterial @entity5 and to about 65% under venous @entity5 . @entity1 hepatocytes were then transfected with constructs containing the first 493 bp of the @entity8 5'-flanking region in front of the luciferase (LUC) reporter gene, which were block-mutated at the CRE1 ( @entity2 -response element-1; -93/-86), putative CRE2 (-146/-139), promoter element (P) 1 (-118/-104), P2 (-193/-181) or P4 (-291/-273) sites. Glucagon induced LUC activity strongly when the P1 and P2 sites were mutated and weakly when the P4 site was mutated; induction of the @entity7 mutants was positively modulated by the @entity5 . Glucagon also induced LUC activity strongly when the putative CRE2 site was altered; however, induction of the CRE2 mutant was not modulated by the @entity5 . Glucagon did not induce LUC activity when the CRE1 site was modified. These experiments suggested that the CRE1 but not the putative CRE2 was an essential site necessary for the @entity2 -mediated @entity8 gene activation by glucagon and that the putative CRE2 site was involved in the @entity0 -dependent modulation of @entity8 gene activation. To confirm these conclusions @entity1 hepatocytes were transfected with @entity3 (SV40)-promoter-driven LUC-gene constructs containing three CRE1 sequences (-95/-84), three CRE2 sequences (-148/-137) or three CRE1 sequences plus two CRE2 sequences of the @entity8 gene in front of the SV40 promoter. Glucagon induced LUC activity markedly when the CRE1, but not when the CRE2, sites were in front of the SV40-LUC gene; however, induction of the (CRE1)3SV40-LUC constructs was not modulated by the @entity5 . Glucagon also induced LUC activity very strongly when the CRE1 and CRE2 sites were combined; induction of the (CRE1)3(CRE2)2SV40-LUC constructs was positively modulated by the @entity5 . These findings corroborated that sequences of the putative CRE2 site were responsible for the modulation by @entity0 of the CRE1-dependent induction by glucagon of @entity8 gene transcription.

title: Identification of an @entity0 -responsive element in the 5'-flanking sequence of the XXXX cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 gene, modulating its glucagon-dependent activation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 75 mg (Zantac 75) has been shown to be effective for the treatment of pre-existing @entity2 . AIM: To compare the efficacy of dosing @entity1 75 mg or placebo 30 min prior to a proven heartburn-provoking meal in completely preventing or reducing subsequent @entity2 . METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, parallel methodology was used at nine investigative centres. Following a screening visit, @entity0 ate a standard test meal consisting of chili, chips and a soft drink on two occasions. On the first occasion, @entity0 received single-blind placebo 30 min before the meal. This meal was used to qualify @entity0 and to ensure the onset of a minimum level of heartburn. @entity0 who qualified were randomized (n = 284) to receive double-blind @entity1 75 mg or placebo 30 min before a second test meal administered 4-14 days later at the treatment visit. @entity0 recorded whether heartburn was present and rated heartburn severity by completing visual analogue scales at 15-min intervals over the 4. 5 h meal evaluation periods. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences favouring @entity1 75 mg were determined for complete prevention of heartburn (P < 0.006), heartburn severity area under the curve (P < 0.001), a clinical success end-point (P < 0.001), and all other end-points (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data clearly demonstrate that @entity1 75 mg is effective in completely preventing or decreasing heartburn when administered 30 min prior to a provocative meal.

title: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of non-prescription XXXX 75 mg in the prevention of meal-induced heartburn.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The neutrophil is pivotal to ANCA @entity4 pathogenesis. @entity1 frequently complicates ANCA diseases. This study investigated the effects of short-term heat exposure on apoptosis in neutrophils that were treated with @entity2 , @entity10 , @entity11 , and @entity3 . All compounds delayed apoptosis. Heat abrogated the apoptosis-delaying effect of @entity2 without affecting constitutive apoptosis or delayed apoptosis by @entity10 , @entity11 , or @entity3 . The heat effect was dose dependent over the 39 to 42 degrees C range. @entity6 but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase, @entity9 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), or @entity12 3-kinase/ @entity8 controlled @entity2 -delayed apoptosis. Furthermore, @entity2 -induced @entity7 degradation, DNA binding, and @entity6 -dependent gene transcription activation were abrogated by short-term heat. When core temperatures were raised to 40.5 degrees C for 30 min in @entity0 , @entity2 -induced neutrophil @entity6 activation also was prevented. Short-term heat removed @entity5 protein 90 from the IkappaB kinase complex, resulting in failure of @entity2 -induced IkappaB kinase activation. Despite delayed apoptosis, ANCA antigen expression was increased in @entity2 -treated neutrophils. ANCA antigen increase was prevented by @entity9 inhibition and by heat exposure. Heat exposure did not inhibit @entity2 -induced @entity9 MAPK phosphorylation. Instead, apoptosis-mediated @entity9 degradation was accelerated, thereby decreasing the @entity9 that was available for @entity2 -mediated ANCA antigen upregulation. These data suggest that @entity1 -like temperatures modulate neutrophil behavior in this disease.

title: XXXX -like temperatures affect neutrophil @entity6 signaling, apoptosis, and ANCA-antigen expression.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The neutrophil is pivotal to ANCA @entity4 pathogenesis. @entity1 frequently complicates ANCA diseases. This study investigated the effects of short-term heat exposure on apoptosis in neutrophils that were treated with @entity2 , @entity10 , @entity11 , and @entity3 . All compounds delayed apoptosis. Heat abrogated the apoptosis-delaying effect of @entity2 without affecting constitutive apoptosis or delayed apoptosis by @entity10 , @entity11 , or @entity3 . The heat effect was dose dependent over the 39 to 42 degrees C range. @entity6 but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase, @entity9 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), or @entity12 3-kinase/ @entity8 controlled @entity2 -delayed apoptosis. Furthermore, @entity2 -induced @entity7 degradation, DNA binding, and @entity6 -dependent gene transcription activation were abrogated by short-term heat. When core temperatures were raised to 40.5 degrees C for 30 min in @entity0 , @entity2 -induced neutrophil @entity6 activation also was prevented. Short-term heat removed @entity5 protein 90 from the IkappaB kinase complex, resulting in failure of @entity2 -induced IkappaB kinase activation. Despite delayed apoptosis, ANCA antigen expression was increased in @entity2 -treated neutrophils. ANCA antigen increase was prevented by @entity9 inhibition and by heat exposure. Heat exposure did not inhibit @entity2 -induced @entity9 MAPK phosphorylation. Instead, apoptosis-mediated @entity9 degradation was accelerated, thereby decreasing the @entity9 that was available for @entity2 -mediated ANCA antigen upregulation. These data suggest that @entity1 -like temperatures modulate neutrophil behavior in this disease.

title: @entity1 -like temperatures affect neutrophil XXXX signaling, apoptosis, and ANCA-antigen expression.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Long-term treatment with @entity3 ( @entity4 ) down-regulates select @entity5 ( @entity5 ) isozymes and may differentially affect @entity5 substrates. We investigated the role of @entity5 down-regulation on phosphorylation of two @entity5 substrates, the 43 kDa growth-associated protein ( @entity7 ) and the myristoylated @entity1 -rich C-kinase substrate ( @entity6 ) in SK-N-SH @entity0 @entity2 cells. Cells were treated with 70 nM @entity4 for 15 min, 17 or 72 h. Phosphorylation of @entity6 and @entity7 was elevated throughout 72 h of @entity4 . The magnitude and peptidic sites of phosphorylation in @entity7 and @entity6 were similar after all @entity4 treatments. @entity7 , but not @entity6 , content was increased after 17 and 72 h of @entity4 . The ratio of @entity7 phosphorylation to content was elevated throughout 17 h but returned to control by 72 h as content increased. @entity5 epsilon and alpha isozyme content was greatly reduced after 72 h of @entity4 but membranes retained 23% of @entity5 activity. Only @entity5 epsilon translocated to membranes after 15 min @entity4 . @entity7 content after 72 h of @entity4 was increased in subcellular fractions in which significant @entity5 epsilon isozyme concentration remained. These results demonstrate that continuous @entity4 differentially affected phosphorylation of @entity5 substrate proteins and regulation of @entity5 isozyme content in SK-N-SH cells.

title: Continuous phosphorylation of XXXX and @entity6 by long-term @entity4 treatment in SK-N-SH @entity0 @entity2 cells.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Long-term treatment with @entity3 ( @entity4 ) down-regulates select @entity5 ( @entity5 ) isozymes and may differentially affect @entity5 substrates. We investigated the role of @entity5 down-regulation on phosphorylation of two @entity5 substrates, the 43 kDa growth-associated protein ( @entity7 ) and the myristoylated @entity1 -rich C-kinase substrate ( @entity6 ) in SK-N-SH @entity0 @entity2 cells. Cells were treated with 70 nM @entity4 for 15 min, 17 or 72 h. Phosphorylation of @entity6 and @entity7 was elevated throughout 72 h of @entity4 . The magnitude and peptidic sites of phosphorylation in @entity7 and @entity6 were similar after all @entity4 treatments. @entity7 , but not @entity6 , content was increased after 17 and 72 h of @entity4 . The ratio of @entity7 phosphorylation to content was elevated throughout 17 h but returned to control by 72 h as content increased. @entity5 epsilon and alpha isozyme content was greatly reduced after 72 h of @entity4 but membranes retained 23% of @entity5 activity. Only @entity5 epsilon translocated to membranes after 15 min @entity4 . @entity7 content after 72 h of @entity4 was increased in subcellular fractions in which significant @entity5 epsilon isozyme concentration remained. These results demonstrate that continuous @entity4 differentially affected phosphorylation of @entity5 substrate proteins and regulation of @entity5 isozyme content in SK-N-SH cells.

title: Continuous phosphorylation of @entity7 and @entity6 by long-term XXXX treatment in SK-N-SH @entity0 @entity2 cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Long-term treatment with @entity3 ( @entity4 ) down-regulates select @entity5 ( @entity5 ) isozymes and may differentially affect @entity5 substrates. We investigated the role of @entity5 down-regulation on phosphorylation of two @entity5 substrates, the 43 kDa growth-associated protein ( @entity7 ) and the myristoylated @entity1 -rich C-kinase substrate ( @entity6 ) in SK-N-SH @entity0 @entity2 cells. Cells were treated with 70 nM @entity4 for 15 min, 17 or 72 h. Phosphorylation of @entity6 and @entity7 was elevated throughout 72 h of @entity4 . The magnitude and peptidic sites of phosphorylation in @entity7 and @entity6 were similar after all @entity4 treatments. @entity7 , but not @entity6 , content was increased after 17 and 72 h of @entity4 . The ratio of @entity7 phosphorylation to content was elevated throughout 17 h but returned to control by 72 h as content increased. @entity5 epsilon and alpha isozyme content was greatly reduced after 72 h of @entity4 but membranes retained 23% of @entity5 activity. Only @entity5 epsilon translocated to membranes after 15 min @entity4 . @entity7 content after 72 h of @entity4 was increased in subcellular fractions in which significant @entity5 epsilon isozyme concentration remained. These results demonstrate that continuous @entity4 differentially affected phosphorylation of @entity5 substrate proteins and regulation of @entity5 isozyme content in SK-N-SH cells.

title: Continuous phosphorylation of @entity7 and XXXX by long-term @entity4 treatment in SK-N-SH @entity0 @entity2 cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Long-term treatment with @entity3 ( @entity4 ) down-regulates select @entity5 ( @entity5 ) isozymes and may differentially affect @entity5 substrates. We investigated the role of @entity5 down-regulation on phosphorylation of two @entity5 substrates, the 43 kDa growth-associated protein ( @entity7 ) and the myristoylated @entity1 -rich C-kinase substrate ( @entity6 ) in SK-N-SH @entity0 @entity2 cells. Cells were treated with 70 nM @entity4 for 15 min, 17 or 72 h. Phosphorylation of @entity6 and @entity7 was elevated throughout 72 h of @entity4 . The magnitude and peptidic sites of phosphorylation in @entity7 and @entity6 were similar after all @entity4 treatments. @entity7 , but not @entity6 , content was increased after 17 and 72 h of @entity4 . The ratio of @entity7 phosphorylation to content was elevated throughout 17 h but returned to control by 72 h as content increased. @entity5 epsilon and alpha isozyme content was greatly reduced after 72 h of @entity4 but membranes retained 23% of @entity5 activity. Only @entity5 epsilon translocated to membranes after 15 min @entity4 . @entity7 content after 72 h of @entity4 was increased in subcellular fractions in which significant @entity5 epsilon isozyme concentration remained. These results demonstrate that continuous @entity4 differentially affected phosphorylation of @entity5 substrate proteins and regulation of @entity5 isozyme content in SK-N-SH cells.

title: Continuous phosphorylation of @entity7 and @entity6 by long-term @entity4 treatment in SK-N-SH @entity0 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Long-term treatment with @entity3 ( @entity4 ) down-regulates select @entity5 ( @entity5 ) isozymes and may differentially affect @entity5 substrates. We investigated the role of @entity5 down-regulation on phosphorylation of two @entity5 substrates, the 43 kDa growth-associated protein ( @entity7 ) and the myristoylated @entity1 -rich C-kinase substrate ( @entity6 ) in SK-N-SH @entity0 @entity2 cells. Cells were treated with 70 nM @entity4 for 15 min, 17 or 72 h. Phosphorylation of @entity6 and @entity7 was elevated throughout 72 h of @entity4 . The magnitude and peptidic sites of phosphorylation in @entity7 and @entity6 were similar after all @entity4 treatments. @entity7 , but not @entity6 , content was increased after 17 and 72 h of @entity4 . The ratio of @entity7 phosphorylation to content was elevated throughout 17 h but returned to control by 72 h as content increased. @entity5 epsilon and alpha isozyme content was greatly reduced after 72 h of @entity4 but membranes retained 23% of @entity5 activity. Only @entity5 epsilon translocated to membranes after 15 min @entity4 . @entity7 content after 72 h of @entity4 was increased in subcellular fractions in which significant @entity5 epsilon isozyme concentration remained. These results demonstrate that continuous @entity4 differentially affected phosphorylation of @entity5 substrate proteins and regulation of @entity5 isozyme content in SK-N-SH cells.

title: Continuous phosphorylation of @entity7 and @entity6 by long-term @entity4 treatment in SK-N-SH XXXX @entity2 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Performing phantom movements with visual virtual feedback, or mirror therapy, is a promising treatment avenue to alleviate @entity3 . However the effectiveness of this approach appears to vary from one @entity0 to another. OBJECTIVE: To assess the individual response to training with visual virtual feedback and to explore factors influencing the response to that approach. METHODS: Eight male @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) resulting from either a traumatic upper limb amputation or a @entity2 participated in this single case multiple baseline study. Training was performed 2 times per week for 8 weeks where a virtual image of a missing limb performing different movements was presented and the @entity0 was asked to follow the movements with his phantom limb. RESULTS: @entity0 reported an average 38% decrease in background @entity1 on a visual analog scale (VAS), with 5 @entity0 out of 8 reporting a reduction greater than 30%. This decrease in @entity1 was maintained at 4 weeks postintervention in 4 of the 5 @entity0 . No significant relationship was found between the long-term @entity1 relief and the duration of the deafferentation or with the immediate @entity1 relief during exposure to the feedback. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the use of training with virtual feedback to alleviate @entity3 . Our observations suggest that between- @entity0 differences in the effectiveness of the treatment might be related more to a difference in the susceptibility to the virtual visual feedback, than to factors related to the lesion, such as the duration of the deafferentation.

title: Training with virtual XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONTEXT: High dietary @entity3 intake has deleterious consequences for renal @entity0 and is possibly harmful for the general public as well. To prevent @entity2 , @entity0 with @entity1 limit their intake of foods that are naturally high in @entity3 . However, @entity3 -containing additives are increasingly being added to processed and fast foods. The effect of such additives on serum @entity3 levels is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of limiting the intake of @entity3 -containing food additives on serum @entity3 levels among @entity0 with @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Cluster randomized controlled trial at 14 long-term hemodialysis facilities in northeast Ohio. Two hundred seventy-nine @entity0 with elevated baseline serum @entity3 levels (>5.5 mg/dL) were recruited between May and October 2007. Two shifts at each of 12 large facilities and 1 shift at each of 2 small facilities were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. INTERVENTION: Intervention @entity0 (n=145) received education on avoiding foods with @entity3 additives when purchasing groceries or visiting fast food restaurants. Control @entity0 (n=134) continued to receive usual care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Change in serum @entity3 level after 3 months. RESULTS: At baseline, there was no significant difference in serum @entity3 levels between the 2 groups. After 3 months, the decline in serum @entity3 levels was 0.6 mg/dL larger among intervention vs control @entity0 (95% confidence interval, -1.0 to -0.1 mg/dL). Intervention @entity0 also had statistically significant increases in reading ingredient lists (P<.001) and nutrition facts labels (P = .04) but no significant increase in food knowledge scores (P = .13). CONCLUSION: Educating @entity1 @entity0 to avoid @entity3 -containing food additives resulted in modest improvements in @entity2 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00583570.

title: Effect of food additives on XXXX among @entity0 with @entity1 : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT: High dietary @entity3 intake has deleterious consequences for renal @entity0 and is possibly harmful for the general public as well. To prevent @entity2 , @entity0 with @entity1 limit their intake of foods that are naturally high in @entity3 . However, @entity3 -containing additives are increasingly being added to processed and fast foods. The effect of such additives on serum @entity3 levels is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of limiting the intake of @entity3 -containing food additives on serum @entity3 levels among @entity0 with @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Cluster randomized controlled trial at 14 long-term hemodialysis facilities in northeast Ohio. Two hundred seventy-nine @entity0 with elevated baseline serum @entity3 levels (>5.5 mg/dL) were recruited between May and October 2007. Two shifts at each of 12 large facilities and 1 shift at each of 2 small facilities were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. INTERVENTION: Intervention @entity0 (n=145) received education on avoiding foods with @entity3 additives when purchasing groceries or visiting fast food restaurants. Control @entity0 (n=134) continued to receive usual care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Change in serum @entity3 level after 3 months. RESULTS: At baseline, there was no significant difference in serum @entity3 levels between the 2 groups. After 3 months, the decline in serum @entity3 levels was 0.6 mg/dL larger among intervention vs control @entity0 (95% confidence interval, -1.0 to -0.1 mg/dL). Intervention @entity0 also had statistically significant increases in reading ingredient lists (P<.001) and nutrition facts labels (P = .04) but no significant increase in food knowledge scores (P = .13). CONCLUSION: Educating @entity1 @entity0 to avoid @entity3 -containing food additives resulted in modest improvements in @entity2 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00583570.

title: Effect of food additives on @entity2 among @entity0 with XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: High dietary @entity3 intake has deleterious consequences for renal @entity0 and is possibly harmful for the general public as well. To prevent @entity2 , @entity0 with @entity1 limit their intake of foods that are naturally high in @entity3 . However, @entity3 -containing additives are increasingly being added to processed and fast foods. The effect of such additives on serum @entity3 levels is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of limiting the intake of @entity3 -containing food additives on serum @entity3 levels among @entity0 with @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Cluster randomized controlled trial at 14 long-term hemodialysis facilities in northeast Ohio. Two hundred seventy-nine @entity0 with elevated baseline serum @entity3 levels (>5.5 mg/dL) were recruited between May and October 2007. Two shifts at each of 12 large facilities and 1 shift at each of 2 small facilities were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. INTERVENTION: Intervention @entity0 (n=145) received education on avoiding foods with @entity3 additives when purchasing groceries or visiting fast food restaurants. Control @entity0 (n=134) continued to receive usual care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Change in serum @entity3 level after 3 months. RESULTS: At baseline, there was no significant difference in serum @entity3 levels between the 2 groups. After 3 months, the decline in serum @entity3 levels was 0.6 mg/dL larger among intervention vs control @entity0 (95% confidence interval, -1.0 to -0.1 mg/dL). Intervention @entity0 also had statistically significant increases in reading ingredient lists (P<.001) and nutrition facts labels (P = .04) but no significant increase in food knowledge scores (P = .13). CONCLUSION: Educating @entity1 @entity0 to avoid @entity3 -containing food additives resulted in modest improvements in @entity2 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00583570.

title: Effect of food additives on @entity2 among XXXX with @entity1 : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Intrauterine @entity1 is a recognized cause of @entity3 . The infectious organisms are believed to originate primarily from the vaginal tract and secondarily from other parts of the body. It is plausible that microbes in the oral cavity can be transmitted to the pregnant uterus. However, direct evidence supporting such a transmission is lacking. In this study, amniotic fluids of 34 pregnant @entity0 were examined by PCR using 16S and 23S rRNA universally conserved primers. Bacterial DNA was amplified from the only @entity0 with clinical intrauterine @entity1 and histologic necrotizing acute and chronic @entity4 . One strain, Bergeyella sp. clone @entity5 , was detected and was 99.7% identical to a previously reported uncultivated oral Bergeyella strain, clone AK152, at the 16S rRNA level. The same strain was detected in the @entity2 of the @entity0 but not in her vaginal tract. The 16S-23S rRNA sequence of clone @entity5 matched exactly with the sequences amplified from the @entity0 's @entity2 . These observations suggest that the Bergeyella strain identified in the @entity0 's intrauterine @entity1 originated from the oral cavity. This is the first direct evidence of oral-utero microbial transmission. The @entity0 's periodontal health during pregnancy was unclear. She did not have detectable periodontal disease during postpartum examination. Bergeyella spp. had not been previously associated with @entity3 and were detected in @entity2 of @entity0 without clinical levels of intrauterine @entity1 . Uncultivated species may be overlooked opportunistic pathogens in @entity3 . This study sheds new light on the implication of oral bacteria in @entity3 .

title: Transmission of an uncultivated Bergeyella strain from the oral cavity to amniotic fluid in a case of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with @entity6 ( @entity4 ) on growth performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broilers. A total of 480 broilers with an average initial BW of 45.04 g per @entity2 were randomly allocated into 1 of the following 4 dietary treatments (20 broilers per pen with 6 pens per treatment): 1) CON (basal diet), 2) ANT (basal diet + 44 mg/kg of @entity7 ), 3) COS0.2 (basal diet + 14 g/kg of @entity4 ), 4) COS0.4 (basal diet + 28 g/kg of @entity4 ). The experiment lasted for 5 wk and @entity7 was administered from d 0 to 21. Growth performance was measured on d 0, 21, and 35, and all other response criteria were measured on d 35. No change in feed conversion (G:F) was observed in response to any of the treatments throughout the experimental period (P > 0.05). However, BW gain and feed intake were greater (P < 0.05) in broilers provided with feed supplemented with @entity4 than in those in the control group. In addition, broilers had significantly greater (P < 0.05) red blood cell and high-density lipoprotein @entity0 concentrations when they were provided with the COS0.4 diet, whereas the @entity1 concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in broilers in the COS0.2 treatment group. No other blood characteristics were affected by the treatments. Additionally, as the dietary @entity4 concentration increased, the liver weight increased (P < 0.05). Conversely, as the concentrations of dietary @entity4 increased, abdominal fat decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, meat yellowness decreased (P < 0.05) as the concentration of @entity4 increased. Finally, the breast meat and abdominal fat of birds provided with feed supplemented with @entity4 had a lower (P < 0.05) @entity5 concentration but a greater concentration of total @entity3 (P < 0.05) than that of birds in the control. In conclusion, @entity4 can improve the performance and breast meat quality of broilers while increasing the red blood cell and high-density lipoprotein @entity0 concentrations in blood. In addition, @entity4 can induce a decrease in abdominal fat and improve meat quality.

title: Effects of @entity6 supplementation on performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broiler XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with @entity6 ( @entity4 ) on growth performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broilers. A total of 480 broilers with an average initial BW of 45.04 g per @entity2 were randomly allocated into 1 of the following 4 dietary treatments (20 broilers per pen with 6 pens per treatment): 1) CON (basal diet), 2) ANT (basal diet + 44 mg/kg of @entity7 ), 3) COS0.2 (basal diet + 14 g/kg of @entity4 ), 4) COS0.4 (basal diet + 28 g/kg of @entity4 ). The experiment lasted for 5 wk and @entity7 was administered from d 0 to 21. Growth performance was measured on d 0, 21, and 35, and all other response criteria were measured on d 35. No change in feed conversion (G:F) was observed in response to any of the treatments throughout the experimental period (P > 0.05). However, BW gain and feed intake were greater (P < 0.05) in broilers provided with feed supplemented with @entity4 than in those in the control group. In addition, broilers had significantly greater (P < 0.05) red blood cell and high-density lipoprotein @entity0 concentrations when they were provided with the COS0.4 diet, whereas the @entity1 concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in broilers in the COS0.2 treatment group. No other blood characteristics were affected by the treatments. Additionally, as the dietary @entity4 concentration increased, the liver weight increased (P < 0.05). Conversely, as the concentrations of dietary @entity4 increased, abdominal fat decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, meat yellowness decreased (P < 0.05) as the concentration of @entity4 increased. Finally, the breast meat and abdominal fat of birds provided with feed supplemented with @entity4 had a lower (P < 0.05) @entity5 concentration but a greater concentration of total @entity3 (P < 0.05) than that of birds in the control. In conclusion, @entity4 can improve the performance and breast meat quality of broilers while increasing the red blood cell and high-density lipoprotein @entity0 concentrations in blood. In addition, @entity4 can induce a decrease in abdominal fat and improve meat quality.

title: Effects of XXXX supplementation on performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broiler @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extranodal natural killer/ @entity4 (ENKTL), nasal-type, is a distinct entity of lymphoid tissue. ENKTL is sensitive to radiotherapy (RT), but the prognosis is poorer than for other types of @entity3 . The treatment schedule is controversial. METHODS: A phase 2 study was conducted of "sandwich" protocols, with earlier RT after an initial 2 to 3 cycles of LVP ( @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity2 ), followed by further "consolidation" cycles. @entity0 aged 18 years and older who had previously untreated ENKTL and localized lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract were enrolled. The primary endpoints were objective response rate and complete remission rate. The secondary endpoints were 2-year overall survival, 2-year progression-free survival, and @entity1 . This study is registered with www.Chictr.org, number ChicTR-TNC-00000394, and is ongoing for long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity0 completed total therapy, which resulted in 88.5% response that included 21 @entity0 (80.8%) with complete response (CR) and 2 @entity0 (7.7%) with partial response. Three (11.5%) of 26 @entity0 progressed during therapy. With a median follow-up of 27 months (range, 4-35 months), the 2-year overall survival was 88.5%, and the 2-year progression-free survival was 80.6%. @entity0 with CR had better prognosis than @entity0 without CR. Only 2 @entity0 (7.7%) experienced grade 3 @entity5 . No grade 4 @entity1 or treatment-related deaths were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The research showed that the "sandwich" protocol of LVP combined with RT was a safe and effective treatment for localized nasal natural killer/ @entity4 , and the results warrant further investigation into this protocol.

title: Phase 2 trial of "sandwich" XXXX , @entity6 , and @entity2 chemotherapy with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/ @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extranodal natural killer/ @entity4 (ENKTL), nasal-type, is a distinct entity of lymphoid tissue. ENKTL is sensitive to radiotherapy (RT), but the prognosis is poorer than for other types of @entity3 . The treatment schedule is controversial. METHODS: A phase 2 study was conducted of "sandwich" protocols, with earlier RT after an initial 2 to 3 cycles of LVP ( @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity2 ), followed by further "consolidation" cycles. @entity0 aged 18 years and older who had previously untreated ENKTL and localized lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract were enrolled. The primary endpoints were objective response rate and complete remission rate. The secondary endpoints were 2-year overall survival, 2-year progression-free survival, and @entity1 . This study is registered with www.Chictr.org, number ChicTR-TNC-00000394, and is ongoing for long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity0 completed total therapy, which resulted in 88.5% response that included 21 @entity0 (80.8%) with complete response (CR) and 2 @entity0 (7.7%) with partial response. Three (11.5%) of 26 @entity0 progressed during therapy. With a median follow-up of 27 months (range, 4-35 months), the 2-year overall survival was 88.5%, and the 2-year progression-free survival was 80.6%. @entity0 with CR had better prognosis than @entity0 without CR. Only 2 @entity0 (7.7%) experienced grade 3 @entity5 . No grade 4 @entity1 or treatment-related deaths were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The research showed that the "sandwich" protocol of LVP combined with RT was a safe and effective treatment for localized nasal natural killer/ @entity4 , and the results warrant further investigation into this protocol.

title: Phase 2 trial of "sandwich" @entity7 , @entity6 , and XXXX chemotherapy with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/ @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extranodal natural killer/ @entity4 (ENKTL), nasal-type, is a distinct entity of lymphoid tissue. ENKTL is sensitive to radiotherapy (RT), but the prognosis is poorer than for other types of @entity3 . The treatment schedule is controversial. METHODS: A phase 2 study was conducted of "sandwich" protocols, with earlier RT after an initial 2 to 3 cycles of LVP ( @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity2 ), followed by further "consolidation" cycles. @entity0 aged 18 years and older who had previously untreated ENKTL and localized lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract were enrolled. The primary endpoints were objective response rate and complete remission rate. The secondary endpoints were 2-year overall survival, 2-year progression-free survival, and @entity1 . This study is registered with www.Chictr.org, number ChicTR-TNC-00000394, and is ongoing for long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity0 completed total therapy, which resulted in 88.5% response that included 21 @entity0 (80.8%) with complete response (CR) and 2 @entity0 (7.7%) with partial response. Three (11.5%) of 26 @entity0 progressed during therapy. With a median follow-up of 27 months (range, 4-35 months), the 2-year overall survival was 88.5%, and the 2-year progression-free survival was 80.6%. @entity0 with CR had better prognosis than @entity0 without CR. Only 2 @entity0 (7.7%) experienced grade 3 @entity5 . No grade 4 @entity1 or treatment-related deaths were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The research showed that the "sandwich" protocol of LVP combined with RT was a safe and effective treatment for localized nasal natural killer/ @entity4 , and the results warrant further investigation into this protocol.

title: Phase 2 trial of "sandwich" @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity2 chemotherapy with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/ XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extranodal natural killer/ @entity4 (ENKTL), nasal-type, is a distinct entity of lymphoid tissue. ENKTL is sensitive to radiotherapy (RT), but the prognosis is poorer than for other types of @entity3 . The treatment schedule is controversial. METHODS: A phase 2 study was conducted of "sandwich" protocols, with earlier RT after an initial 2 to 3 cycles of LVP ( @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity2 ), followed by further "consolidation" cycles. @entity0 aged 18 years and older who had previously untreated ENKTL and localized lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract were enrolled. The primary endpoints were objective response rate and complete remission rate. The secondary endpoints were 2-year overall survival, 2-year progression-free survival, and @entity1 . This study is registered with www.Chictr.org, number ChicTR-TNC-00000394, and is ongoing for long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity0 completed total therapy, which resulted in 88.5% response that included 21 @entity0 (80.8%) with complete response (CR) and 2 @entity0 (7.7%) with partial response. Three (11.5%) of 26 @entity0 progressed during therapy. With a median follow-up of 27 months (range, 4-35 months), the 2-year overall survival was 88.5%, and the 2-year progression-free survival was 80.6%. @entity0 with CR had better prognosis than @entity0 without CR. Only 2 @entity0 (7.7%) experienced grade 3 @entity5 . No grade 4 @entity1 or treatment-related deaths were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The research showed that the "sandwich" protocol of LVP combined with RT was a safe and effective treatment for localized nasal natural killer/ @entity4 , and the results warrant further investigation into this protocol.

title: Phase 2 trial of "sandwich" @entity7 , XXXX , and @entity2 chemotherapy with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/ @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We performed a meta-analysis of published studies on the endovascular treatment of very small @entity2 , including 71 @entity0 treated at our institution. METHODS: We conducted a computerized MEDLINE search of the literature for reports on the treatment of @entity2 with a maximum dimension of </=3 mm by using the search terms "small," "tiny," " @entity2 ," "endovascular," and "coil." A total of 7 studies, including our institution's consecutive case series of 71 @entity2 , were included in this study. We extracted information regarding intraoperative complications, procedural mortality and morbidity, immediate- and long-term angiographic outcomes, and retreatment rate. The meta-analysis was performed with the statistical package Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. RESULTS: Approximately 61% of the @entity3 in this meta-analysis presented as ruptured, whereas 39% of the @entity3 were unruptured. Procedural @entity1 rates for very small @entity3 was 8.3% (95% CI, 6.0% to 11.4%). The mortality rate due to procedural @entity1 was 2.4% (95% CI, 1.2% to 4.7%). The morbidity rate due to @entity5 complications was 1.9% (95% CI, 0.9% to 3.9%). @entity4 within 1 month of treatment occurred in 1.6% (95% CI, 0.6% to 3.7%) of cases. There was no statistically significant difference between unruptured and @entity6 for any of these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggests that treatment of very small @entity3 is feasible and effective in >90% of treated @entity3 . However, the risk of periprocedural @entity1 is higher than that reported for larger @entity3 . Similarly, the combined rate of periprocedural mortality and morbidity is not negligible (7.3%) and should be considered when considering the best therapeutic option for these @entity3 .

title: Endovascular treatment of very small (3 mm or smaller) XXXX : report of a consecutive series and a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lumbar surgery and epidural injections for @entity4 are the most commonly performed interventions in the United States. However, there is only moderate evidence to the effectiveness of surgery and caudal epidural injections. The next sequential step is adhesiolysis and hypertonic neurolysis with targeted delivery. There have not been any randomized trials evaluating the effectiveness of percutaneous adhesiolysis and targeted delivery of local anesthetic, @entity1 and hypertonic @entity7 solution in lumbar @entity4 . STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, equivalence, controlled trial. SETTING: An interventional @entity2 management practice, a specialty referral center, a private practice setting in the United States. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis in @entity0 with @entity6 with lumbar central @entity4 and compare with fluoroscopically directed caudal epidural injections. METHODS: @entity0 were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups with 25 @entity0 in each group. Group I @entity0 received caudal epidural injections with catheterization up to S3 with local anesthetic, 0.9% @entity7 solution, non-particulate betamethasone and served as the control group. Group II @entity0 received percutaneous adhesiolysis with targeted delivery and injection of @entity8 , 10% hypertonic @entity7 solution, and non-particulate @entity9 and formed the intervention group. Randomization was performed by computer-generated random allocation sequence by simple randomization. OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT: Multiple outcome measures were utilized including the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the @entity5 Index 2.0 (ODI), employment status, and opioid intake with assessment at 3, 6, and 12 months post treatment. Significant @entity2 relief was described as 50% or more, whereas significant improvement in the disability score was defined as a reduction of 40% or more. RESULTS: This evaluation showed significant @entity2 relief (>or= 50%) in 76% of the @entity0 at one year follow-up in the adhesiolysis group compared to 4% of the @entity0 in the control group. LIMITATIONS: The results of this study are limited by the lack of a placebo group, the fact that it is a preliminary report, and there are only 25 @entity0 in each group. CONCLUSIONS: With significant @entity2 relief in 76% of @entity0 , percutaneous adhesiolysis utilizing local anesthetic, @entity3 and hypertonic @entity7 solution may be effective in @entity0 with @entity6 with @entity4 .

title: The preliminary results of a comparative effectiveness evaluation of adhesiolysis and caudal epidural injections in managing XXXX secondary to @entity4 : a randomized, equivalence controlled trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lumbar surgery and epidural injections for @entity4 are the most commonly performed interventions in the United States. However, there is only moderate evidence to the effectiveness of surgery and caudal epidural injections. The next sequential step is adhesiolysis and hypertonic neurolysis with targeted delivery. There have not been any randomized trials evaluating the effectiveness of percutaneous adhesiolysis and targeted delivery of local anesthetic, @entity1 and hypertonic @entity7 solution in lumbar @entity4 . STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, equivalence, controlled trial. SETTING: An interventional @entity2 management practice, a specialty referral center, a private practice setting in the United States. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis in @entity0 with @entity6 with lumbar central @entity4 and compare with fluoroscopically directed caudal epidural injections. METHODS: @entity0 were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups with 25 @entity0 in each group. Group I @entity0 received caudal epidural injections with catheterization up to S3 with local anesthetic, 0.9% @entity7 solution, non-particulate betamethasone and served as the control group. Group II @entity0 received percutaneous adhesiolysis with targeted delivery and injection of @entity8 , 10% hypertonic @entity7 solution, and non-particulate @entity9 and formed the intervention group. Randomization was performed by computer-generated random allocation sequence by simple randomization. OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT: Multiple outcome measures were utilized including the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the @entity5 Index 2.0 (ODI), employment status, and opioid intake with assessment at 3, 6, and 12 months post treatment. Significant @entity2 relief was described as 50% or more, whereas significant improvement in the disability score was defined as a reduction of 40% or more. RESULTS: This evaluation showed significant @entity2 relief (>or= 50%) in 76% of the @entity0 at one year follow-up in the adhesiolysis group compared to 4% of the @entity0 in the control group. LIMITATIONS: The results of this study are limited by the lack of a placebo group, the fact that it is a preliminary report, and there are only 25 @entity0 in each group. CONCLUSIONS: With significant @entity2 relief in 76% of @entity0 , percutaneous adhesiolysis utilizing local anesthetic, @entity3 and hypertonic @entity7 solution may be effective in @entity0 with @entity6 with @entity4 .

title: The preliminary results of a comparative effectiveness evaluation of adhesiolysis and caudal epidural injections in managing @entity6 secondary to XXXX : a randomized, equivalence controlled trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Progression of @entity2 and @entity3 in @entity1 have been shown to correlate with control of blood @entity6 , lipids, blood pressure, and smoking. These factors, however, do not appear to totally explain these @entity11 . @entity2 and @entity3 in @entity9 are associated with @entity7 and @entity4 , both of which may occur with impaired fibrinolysis. A cross-sectional study was therefore performed in 107 type II @entity1 @entity0 recruited from the Denver Metropolitan Area to examine the effect of impaired fibrinolysis, as assessed by the ratio of plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity10 ) to @entity12 ( @entity12 ). With urinary albumin excretion (UAE) as a risk factor for both @entity3 , the @entity0 were analyzed with respect to UAE less than and greater than 1 gm/day. The age, blood @entity6 , hemoglobin @entity13 , duration of @entity1 , lipids, body mass index, and smoking were no different between the groups. As expected, the group with greater UAE had worse renal function, the serum @entity8 (1.98 +/- 0.24 vs 1.21 +/- 0.05 mg/dl, P < 0.001) and @entity8 clearance (55.5 +/- 6.0 vs 76.8 +/- 2.7 ml/min, P < 0.001) were significantly different. The type II @entity1 @entity0 with greater UAE exhibited significantly higher @entity10 / @entity12 (2.43 +/- 0.26 vs 1.85 +/- 0.07, P < 0.03). The past history of @entity5 was also higher (87.5 vs 72.3%, P < 0.07) in the @entity1 @entity0 with more impaired fibrinolysis and greater UAE. Thus a prospective, randomized clinical trial in @entity9 with @entity10 inhibitors is needed.

title: Impaired fibrinolytic activity in @entity9 : correlation with urinary albumin excretion and progression of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Progression of @entity2 and @entity3 in @entity1 have been shown to correlate with control of blood @entity6 , lipids, blood pressure, and smoking. These factors, however, do not appear to totally explain these @entity11 . @entity2 and @entity3 in @entity9 are associated with @entity7 and @entity4 , both of which may occur with impaired fibrinolysis. A cross-sectional study was therefore performed in 107 type II @entity1 @entity0 recruited from the Denver Metropolitan Area to examine the effect of impaired fibrinolysis, as assessed by the ratio of plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity10 ) to @entity12 ( @entity12 ). With urinary albumin excretion (UAE) as a risk factor for both @entity3 , the @entity0 were analyzed with respect to UAE less than and greater than 1 gm/day. The age, blood @entity6 , hemoglobin @entity13 , duration of @entity1 , lipids, body mass index, and smoking were no different between the groups. As expected, the group with greater UAE had worse renal function, the serum @entity8 (1.98 +/- 0.24 vs 1.21 +/- 0.05 mg/dl, P < 0.001) and @entity8 clearance (55.5 +/- 6.0 vs 76.8 +/- 2.7 ml/min, P < 0.001) were significantly different. The type II @entity1 @entity0 with greater UAE exhibited significantly higher @entity10 / @entity12 (2.43 +/- 0.26 vs 1.85 +/- 0.07, P < 0.03). The past history of @entity5 was also higher (87.5 vs 72.3%, P < 0.07) in the @entity1 @entity0 with more impaired fibrinolysis and greater UAE. Thus a prospective, randomized clinical trial in @entity9 with @entity10 inhibitors is needed.

title: Impaired fibrinolytic activity in XXXX : correlation with urinary albumin excretion and progression of @entity2 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: DNA topoisomerase I (Top1) and topoisomerase II (Top2) inhibitors are widely used to treat a variety of @entity0 . Their mechanism of action involves stabilization of otherwise transient ("cleavable") complexes between Top1 or Top2 and DNA; collisions of DNA replication forks with such stabilized complexes lead to formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In this study, using @entity4 ( @entity5 ) as a DNA precursor, we directly assessed the relationship between DNA replication and induction of DSBs revealed as yH2AX foci in A549 cells treated with Top1 inhibitors topotecan (Tpt) or @entity3 ( @entity1 ) and Top2 inhibitors @entity2 (Mxt) and etoposide (Etp). Analysis of cells by multiparameter laser scanning cytometry following treatment with Tpt or Cpt revealed that only DNA replicating cells showed induction of yH2AX and a strong correlation between DNA replication and formation of DSBs (r = 0.86). In cells treated with Mxt or Etp, the correlation was weaker (r = 0.52 and 0.64). In addition, both Mtx and Etp caused induction of yH2AX in cells not replicating DNA. Confocal imaging of nuclei of cells treated with Tpt revealed the presence of yH2AX foci predominantly in DNA replicating cells and close association and co-localization of yH2AX foci with DNA replication sites. In cells treated with Mxt or Etp, the yH2AX foci were induced in DNA replicating as well as non-replicating cells but the close association between a large proportion of yH2AX foci and DNA replication sites was also apparent. The data are consistent with the view that collision of DNA replication forks with cleavable Top1-DNA complexes stabilized by Tpt/Cpt is the sole cause of induction of DSBs. Additional mechanisms such as involvement of transcription and/or generation of oxidative stress may contribute to DSBs induction by Mxt and Etp. The confocal analysis of the association between DNA replication sites and the sites of DSBs (yH2AX foci) opens a new approach for mechanistic studies of the involvement of DNA replication in induction of DNA damage.

title: Relationship of DNA damage signaling to DNA replication following treatment with DNA topoisomerase inhibitors @entity3 /topotecan, XXXX , or etoposide.

answer: @entity2


abstract: DNA topoisomerase I (Top1) and topoisomerase II (Top2) inhibitors are widely used to treat a variety of @entity0 . Their mechanism of action involves stabilization of otherwise transient ("cleavable") complexes between Top1 or Top2 and DNA; collisions of DNA replication forks with such stabilized complexes lead to formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In this study, using @entity4 ( @entity5 ) as a DNA precursor, we directly assessed the relationship between DNA replication and induction of DSBs revealed as yH2AX foci in A549 cells treated with Top1 inhibitors topotecan (Tpt) or @entity3 ( @entity1 ) and Top2 inhibitors @entity2 (Mxt) and etoposide (Etp). Analysis of cells by multiparameter laser scanning cytometry following treatment with Tpt or Cpt revealed that only DNA replicating cells showed induction of yH2AX and a strong correlation between DNA replication and formation of DSBs (r = 0.86). In cells treated with Mxt or Etp, the correlation was weaker (r = 0.52 and 0.64). In addition, both Mtx and Etp caused induction of yH2AX in cells not replicating DNA. Confocal imaging of nuclei of cells treated with Tpt revealed the presence of yH2AX foci predominantly in DNA replicating cells and close association and co-localization of yH2AX foci with DNA replication sites. In cells treated with Mxt or Etp, the yH2AX foci were induced in DNA replicating as well as non-replicating cells but the close association between a large proportion of yH2AX foci and DNA replication sites was also apparent. The data are consistent with the view that collision of DNA replication forks with cleavable Top1-DNA complexes stabilized by Tpt/Cpt is the sole cause of induction of DSBs. Additional mechanisms such as involvement of transcription and/or generation of oxidative stress may contribute to DSBs induction by Mxt and Etp. The confocal analysis of the association between DNA replication sites and the sites of DSBs (yH2AX foci) opens a new approach for mechanistic studies of the involvement of DNA replication in induction of DNA damage.

title: Relationship of DNA damage signaling to DNA replication following treatment with DNA topoisomerase inhibitors XXXX /topotecan, @entity2 , or etoposide.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: A recent collaborative meta-analysis by @entity1 : Improving Global Outcomes reported that an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/ @entity3 .73 m(2) and an albumin-to-creatinine ratio of >=  10 mg/g were independent predictors for mortality in the general population. However, selection bias, heterogeneity of the cohorts and measurement issues could be limitations. METHODS: We analyzed the relationship of eGFR and @entity2 with mortality in the Korean general population, represented by 112,115 @entity0 , aged >=  20 years, who had a @entity5 check-up with homogenous calibration of @entity4 measurement from 2003 to 2009. @entity2 (trace or more) was determined by urine dipstick. RESULTS: eGFR and @entity2 were independently associated with all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM), and progressive increases in risks for mortality were noted according to eGFR level and the presence of @entity2 . Compared with eGFR 90-105 mL/ @entity3 .73 m(2), hazard ratio (HRs) for ACM were 1.60 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-2.30] for eGFR 60-74 mL/ @entity3 .73 m(2) and 3.54 (2.20-5.68) for eGFR <60 mL/ @entity3 .73 m(2) in @entity0 with no @entity2 . In @entity0 with @entity2 , HRs for ACM were 2.10 (1.41-3.12) for eGFR 75-89 mL/ @entity3 .73 m(2), 2.30 (1.50-3.53) for eGFR 60-74 mL/ @entity3 .73 m(2) and 3.77 (2.15-6.38) for eGFR <60 mL/ @entity3 .73 m(2). Similar findings were observed for CVM. CONCLUSIONS: eGFR <75 mL/ @entity3 .73 m(2) and urine dipstick trace or more were independent risk factors of ACM and CVM. The risks of adverse outcomes are greater in the general population with mild @entity1 or mild @entity2 .

title: Mild decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate and XXXX are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate short- and long-term effects of intensive rehabilitation on @entity2 , gait, and activities of daily living (ADLs) in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 42 @entity0 with @entity3 were randomly assigned to the immediate group or the delayed-entry control group. The immediate group received 2 hours of inpatient physical and occupational therapy, focusing on coordination, balance, and ADLs, on weekdays and 1 hour on weekends for 4 weeks. The control group received the same intervention after a 4-week delay. Short-term outcome was compared between the immediate and control groups. Long-term evaluation was done in both groups at 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the intervention. Outcome measures included the assessment and rating of @entity2 , Functional Independence Measure, gait speed, cadence, functional ambulation category, and number of falls. RESULTS: The immediate group showed significantly greater functional gains in @entity2 , gait speed, and ADLs than the control group. Improvement of truncal @entity2 . The gains in @entity2 and gait were sustained at 12 weeks and 24 weeks, respectively. At least 1 measure was better than at baseline at 24 weeks in 22 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Short-term benefit of intensive rehabilitation was evident in @entity0 with @entity1 . Although functional status tended to decline to the baseline level within 24 weeks, gains were maintained in more than half of the @entity0 .

title: Cerebellar ataxia rehabilitation trial in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of @entity2 on both surgical and audiologic outcomes following pediatric cochlear implant (CI) surgery. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (1982-2009) and data from Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. REVIEW METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed. Variables assessed included age at implantation, duration of CI use, radiologic and operative findings, and speech perception outcome data. RESULTS: The initial search yielded 1326 articles. Including data from our own study, twenty-two fulfilled criteria for inclusion, representing 311 @entity0 . Data for bilateral implants were recorded only for the first implant. Data on simultaneous bilateral implants were not recorded. The most common @entity1 seen was @entity5 (89/311 or 29%). When comparing @entity0 with mild-moderate or severe @entity3 , rates of cerebrospinal fluid gusher were 31% versus 35% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.50), anomalous @entity4 was seen in 11% versus 51% (OR = 0.15), and postoperative speech perception abilities were found in 84% versus 54% (OR = 1.93), respectively. A large heterogeneity was found among studies regarding all outcome measures. CONCLUSION: Although we found that severe @entity2 was associated with increased surgical difficulty and lower speech perception, the lack of uniformity in published clinical data limited the strength of these results. Standardization of surgical and radiologic reporting as well as more consistent speech perception testing is needed to better determine the association between anomalous cochleovestibular anatomy and clinical outcomes.

title: Cochlear implantation in XXXX with anomalous cochleovestibular anatomy: a systematic review.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Linked to extreme rates of chronic @entity2 , @entity6 is endemic amongst Aboriginal @entity0 in Australia's Northern Territory (NT). Many of those with @entity6 will also have @entity5 . We report the results of a community-based collaboration within the East Arnhem Region, which aimed to reduce the prevalence of both @entity1 in Aboriginal @entity0 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Commencing September 2004, we conducted an ecological study that included active surveillance for @entity1 amongst @entity0 aged <15 years in five remote East Arnhem communities over a three year period. Screening was undertaken by trained local community workers, usually accompanied by another project team member, using a standard data collection form. @entity1 were diagnosed clinically with the aid of a pictorial flip chart developed for the purpose. Topical 5% @entity3 was provided for age-eligible @entity0 and all household contacts whenever @entity5 was diagnosed, whilst those with @entity6 were referred to the clinic for treatment in accordance with current guidelines. In addition, annual mass @entity5 treatment (5% @entity3 cream) was offered to all community residents in accordance with current guidelines but was not directly observed. @entity6 and @entity5 prevalence per month was determined from 6038 skin assessments conducted on 2329 @entity0 . @entity6 prevalence dropped from 46.7% at baseline to a median of 32.4% (IQR 28.9%-41.0%) during the follow-up period - an absolute reduction of 14.7% (IQR 4.7%-16.8%). Compared to the first 18 months of observation, there was an absolute reduction in @entity6 prevalence of 18 cases per 100 @entity0 (95%CI -21.0, -16.1, p</=0.001) over the last 18 months. Treatment uptake increased over the same period (absolute difference 13.4%, 95%CI 3.3, 23.6). While @entity5 prevalence was unchanged, the prevalence of infected @entity5 (that is with superimposed @entity6 ) decreased from 3.7% (95%CI 2.4, 4.9) to 1.5% (95%CI 0.7, 2.2), a relative reduction of 59%. CONCLUSION: Although @entity6 prevalence remained unacceptably high, there was a substantial reduction overall with improvements in treatment uptake a critical factor. More acceptable alternatives, such as @entity4 for @entity6 and ivermectin as a community-wide scabicide, warrant further investigation in these settings. We are encouraged by progress made through this work, where local action was led by local community members and primary health care providers with external training and support. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00884728.

title: A regional initiative to reduce XXXX amongst aboriginal @entity0 living in remote communities of the Northern Territory, Australia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Linked to extreme rates of chronic @entity2 , @entity6 is endemic amongst Aboriginal @entity0 in Australia's Northern Territory (NT). Many of those with @entity6 will also have @entity5 . We report the results of a community-based collaboration within the East Arnhem Region, which aimed to reduce the prevalence of both @entity1 in Aboriginal @entity0 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Commencing September 2004, we conducted an ecological study that included active surveillance for @entity1 amongst @entity0 aged <15 years in five remote East Arnhem communities over a three year period. Screening was undertaken by trained local community workers, usually accompanied by another project team member, using a standard data collection form. @entity1 were diagnosed clinically with the aid of a pictorial flip chart developed for the purpose. Topical 5% @entity3 was provided for age-eligible @entity0 and all household contacts whenever @entity5 was diagnosed, whilst those with @entity6 were referred to the clinic for treatment in accordance with current guidelines. In addition, annual mass @entity5 treatment (5% @entity3 cream) was offered to all community residents in accordance with current guidelines but was not directly observed. @entity6 and @entity5 prevalence per month was determined from 6038 skin assessments conducted on 2329 @entity0 . @entity6 prevalence dropped from 46.7% at baseline to a median of 32.4% (IQR 28.9%-41.0%) during the follow-up period - an absolute reduction of 14.7% (IQR 4.7%-16.8%). Compared to the first 18 months of observation, there was an absolute reduction in @entity6 prevalence of 18 cases per 100 @entity0 (95%CI -21.0, -16.1, p</=0.001) over the last 18 months. Treatment uptake increased over the same period (absolute difference 13.4%, 95%CI 3.3, 23.6). While @entity5 prevalence was unchanged, the prevalence of infected @entity5 (that is with superimposed @entity6 ) decreased from 3.7% (95%CI 2.4, 4.9) to 1.5% (95%CI 0.7, 2.2), a relative reduction of 59%. CONCLUSION: Although @entity6 prevalence remained unacceptably high, there was a substantial reduction overall with improvements in treatment uptake a critical factor. More acceptable alternatives, such as @entity4 for @entity6 and ivermectin as a community-wide scabicide, warrant further investigation in these settings. We are encouraged by progress made through this work, where local action was led by local community members and primary health care providers with external training and support. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00884728.

title: A regional initiative to reduce @entity1 amongst aboriginal XXXX living in remote communities of the Northern Territory, Australia.

answer: @entity0