abstract: BACKGROUND: A report of inflammatory damage when islets come into contact with allogeneic blood prompted us to confirm the finding. METHODS: Fresh handpicked @entity0 islets were incubated in blood group matched, nonsensitized allogeneic blood. Destruction was quantified by assaying the supernatants for @entity2 release and by blood clot histology. The effect on global hemostasis was assessed by thromboelastography (TEG), and heparin-bonded tubing was used to assess the effect on blood cellular counts. In separate experiments, islets were incubated in allogeneic blood with heparin or Reopro (monoclonal anti-GpIIbIIIa). Islets were also incubated in serum, and cryosections were stained for @entity3 , C4, C3, C5b-9, immunoglobulin (Ig)M, and IgG binding using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Histologic assessment showed severe destruction in 37% of islets in contact with allogeneic blood versus none in controls and a sevenfold increase in @entity2 release from controls (n = 6)(P < 0.005). TEG (n = 11) showed accelerated coagulation in the presence of islets (P < 0.001). Analysis of blood cellular counts (n = 3) showed consumption of platelets, neutrophils, and monocytes in the presence of islets (P < 0.001). Inhibition of coagulation with heparin (n = 3) or inhibition of @entity1 with Reopro (n = 3), separately or together (n = 3), did not make a substantial improvement in the destruction in terms of histology or @entity2 release. Immunohistochemical staining (n = 4) revealed @entity3 , C4, C3, and C5b-9 deposition along with IgG binding. IgM binding was weak if anything. CONCLUSION: This study confirms and extends the finding that @entity0 islet-allogeneic blood interaction results in significant destruction of islet tissue with activation of the coagulation cascade and platelet, neutrophil, and monocyte consumption. There was evidence for activation of complement by the classical pathway along with IgG binding.

title: Adverse outcome of XXXX islet-allogeneic blood interaction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2004, the Japanese government halted the 6-month mass screening program for @entity1 . We investigated whether its cessation had led to an increase not only in mortality due to this disease but also in the incidence of advanced-stage disease among older @entity0 . METHODS: Study subjects were @entity1 @entity0 retrieved from the population-based Osaka Cancer Registry. Trends of incidence and mortality from @entity1 were analyzed by calendar year and birth cohort. Prognostic factors, including stage and v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene @entity1 derived homolog ( @entity2 ) oncogene status, were compared before and after the cessation of mass screening. RESULTS: Age-standardized incidence rates in 2005-2009 (the cessation period of mass screening; 11.1 per million) were similar to those in 1975-1979 (the pre-screening period; 8.6 per million). Age-standardized mortality rates tended to decrease from 1975-1979 (4.0 per million) to 2005-2009 (2.7 per million) in parallel with the improvement in survival. Analysis by birth cohort indicated that the mortality rates in 2004-2005 (after cessation) for @entity0 0-4 years of age were lower than those in 1975-1979 (O:E ratio 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.90). For @entity0 1-9 years of age, there was a not significant difference in the distribution of stage, @entity2 oncogene status, and DNA ploidy between 1991-2003 (the mass screening period) and 2004-2008 (after cessation). CONCLUSIONS: The cessation of mass screening for @entity1 does not appear to have increased mortality due to this disease or incidence of advanced-stage disease among older @entity0 .

title: Effects of the Cessation of Mass Screening for XXXX at 6 Months of Age: A Population-Based Study in Osaka, Japan.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of @entity7 plus @entity3 as a maintenance regimen with or without small-dose @entity2 ( @entity4 ) adjunctive therapy in renal transplant recipients. METHODS: A total of 133 recipients of kidney allograft transplantations recruited in the United Kingdom and Ireland were enrolled into the study and are presented in this interim analysis. In the first 3 months, all @entity0 received CsA plus @entity7 and small-dose @entity3 after transplantation. At 3 months, @entity0 were randomized 1:1 to CsA elimination (e)CsA or CsA dose minimization (m)CsA. Dosing of agents was concentration-controlled and open label. RESULTS: @entity0 and graft survival were 97.7% and 95.5%, respectively (n = 133), whereas the biopsy-proven acute rejection rate in the first 6 months was 19.5% (26 episodes in 133 @entity0 ); incidents of acute rejection rates comprised 22 episodes (16.5%) during the first 3 months of the study and four episodes (3%) after randomization. Eighty-seven @entity0 were randomized to receive eCsA or mCsA. At 6 months, @entity5 clearance was significantly higher in the eCsA group versus mCsA group, respectively (65 mL/min vs. 57 mL/min; P = 0.027). There was no significant difference in serum @entity1 , @entity6 , low-density lipoprotein, or high-density lipoprotein levels between the groups. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that withdrawal of CsA from a small-dose @entity7 maintenance regimen is safe and is associated with an improvement in renal function. The study also suggests that the addition of small-dose CsA to a @entity7 maintenance regimen does not increase immunosuppressive efficacy.

title: A phase III prospective, randomized study to evaluate concentration-controlled @entity7 (rapamune) with XXXX dose minimization or elimination at six months in de novo renal allograft recipients.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of @entity7 plus @entity3 as a maintenance regimen with or without small-dose @entity2 ( @entity4 ) adjunctive therapy in renal transplant recipients. METHODS: A total of 133 recipients of kidney allograft transplantations recruited in the United Kingdom and Ireland were enrolled into the study and are presented in this interim analysis. In the first 3 months, all @entity0 received CsA plus @entity7 and small-dose @entity3 after transplantation. At 3 months, @entity0 were randomized 1:1 to CsA elimination (e)CsA or CsA dose minimization (m)CsA. Dosing of agents was concentration-controlled and open label. RESULTS: @entity0 and graft survival were 97.7% and 95.5%, respectively (n = 133), whereas the biopsy-proven acute rejection rate in the first 6 months was 19.5% (26 episodes in 133 @entity0 ); incidents of acute rejection rates comprised 22 episodes (16.5%) during the first 3 months of the study and four episodes (3%) after randomization. Eighty-seven @entity0 were randomized to receive eCsA or mCsA. At 6 months, @entity5 clearance was significantly higher in the eCsA group versus mCsA group, respectively (65 mL/min vs. 57 mL/min; P = 0.027). There was no significant difference in serum @entity1 , @entity6 , low-density lipoprotein, or high-density lipoprotein levels between the groups. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that withdrawal of CsA from a small-dose @entity7 maintenance regimen is safe and is associated with an improvement in renal function. The study also suggests that the addition of small-dose CsA to a @entity7 maintenance regimen does not increase immunosuppressive efficacy.

title: A phase III prospective, randomized study to evaluate concentration-controlled XXXX (rapamune) with @entity2 dose minimization or elimination at six months in de novo renal allograft recipients.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to pinpoint @entity5 risk. Clinical @entity2 genetics include: diagnostic @entity2 genetics, @entity2 genetic counseling and management of @entity1 at high risk of developing @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: An update of documented data was performed in order to assess our current knowledge about @entity5 . RESULTS: Most @entity0 ( @entity0 ) are sporadic while 5-10% are estimated to be due to an inherited predisposition. Rare autosomal dominant alteration in two genes, @entity6 and @entity4 , which confer a high risk of developing @entity3 (OC), are likely to account for most families with multiple cases of early-onset @entity0 and OC, but only 3-4% of all @entity0 . The estimations of their prevalence and penetrance vary greatly, depending on the population studied, the study design, statistical methods and the sensitivity of technical methods for detection of mutations. Penetrance can be very high, but incomplete (maximum 80%). Penetrance and age at onset of the same mutation show great variability within and between @entity0 families. This could be due to the effects of other genetic as well as non-genetic factors that are being studied. The heterogeneity of families makes the identification of other high-risk genes difficult. Additive effects of several susceptibility genes could explain much more @entity0 in the general population (polygenic models). Molecular diagnoses have become feasible. Specific consultations in oncogenetics help clinicians and @entity1 understand hereditary components, establish molecular diagnoses, provide guidelines for a better surveillance of @entity1 at high risk of developing @entity0 , OC or both and reassure the mutation non-carriers. The strategies of management and treatment of @entity0 and OC in mutation carriers remain under discussion and it is is difficult to choose preventive options. CONCLUSION: Inherited @entity0 or OC due to a mutation in @entity6 or @entity4 are rare in the general population. However, @entity1 and @entity1 have the right to be informed of the possibilities concerning presymptomatic testing, risk assessment, surveillance, prevention and psychological support with respect to the potential benefits and limitations. Other large prospective studies are needed to validate rapidly the methods of surveillance and prevention in this group at "high risk" in order to adapt them to very large populations. However, predictive medicine should be used with care.

title: [Clinical and molecular diagnosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 (NO) counteracts several mechanisms involved in the restenotic process after coronary angioplasty. NO mediates an antiproliferative effect on smooth muscle cells, inhibition of leukocyte-vessel wall interactions, and @entity6 and adhesion. Because these effects are mainly dose dependent, NO-releasing drugs have to be applied at a high dose to have an effect on restenotic mechanisms. OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of the NO donor @entity7 at a high dose of 8 mg tid on angiographic restenosis rate in a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial. @entity0 AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty-six @entity0 with de novo @entity5 were randomly assigned to @entity7 or placebo treatment for six months (83 @entity0 each). The primary end point was the angiographic restenosis rate at six months. The secondary end points were major adverse @entity2 (MACE) including death, @entity3 and revascularization. Analyses were performed by intention to treat. RESULTS: There were no differences in clinical, procedural and angiographic data, including minimum lumen diameter and reference diameter. Provisional stenting was performed in 28% of @entity0 receiving @entity7 and 25% of @entity0 treated with placebo. All other @entity0 were treated with standard balloon angioplasty. Reangiography rate was 89.3% ( @entity7 90 lesions, placebo 97 lesions). @entity1 rate (greater than 50% diameter @entity5 ) was not significantly different ( @entity7 25.6% and placebo 29.9%). @entity0 receiving @entity7 improved significantly more in their anginal class than @entity0 receiving placebo (P<0.026). Occurrence of MACE did not significantly differ between both groups ( @entity7 26.8% and placebo 34.9%, P=0.26). CONCLUSION: Treatment with the NO donor @entity7 at a high dose of 8 mg tid for six months after coronary angioplasty has no effect on the angiographic restenosis rate. Due to the vasodilating effect of NO, the anginal status improves slightly more in @entity0 receiving @entity7 .

title: No effect of highly dosed @entity4 donor XXXX on the angiographic restenosis rate after percutaneous coronary angioplasty: a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 (NO) counteracts several mechanisms involved in the restenotic process after coronary angioplasty. NO mediates an antiproliferative effect on smooth muscle cells, inhibition of leukocyte-vessel wall interactions, and @entity6 and adhesion. Because these effects are mainly dose dependent, NO-releasing drugs have to be applied at a high dose to have an effect on restenotic mechanisms. OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of the NO donor @entity7 at a high dose of 8 mg tid on angiographic restenosis rate in a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial. @entity0 AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty-six @entity0 with de novo @entity5 were randomly assigned to @entity7 or placebo treatment for six months (83 @entity0 each). The primary end point was the angiographic restenosis rate at six months. The secondary end points were major adverse @entity2 (MACE) including death, @entity3 and revascularization. Analyses were performed by intention to treat. RESULTS: There were no differences in clinical, procedural and angiographic data, including minimum lumen diameter and reference diameter. Provisional stenting was performed in 28% of @entity0 receiving @entity7 and 25% of @entity0 treated with placebo. All other @entity0 were treated with standard balloon angioplasty. Reangiography rate was 89.3% ( @entity7 90 lesions, placebo 97 lesions). @entity1 rate (greater than 50% diameter @entity5 ) was not significantly different ( @entity7 25.6% and placebo 29.9%). @entity0 receiving @entity7 improved significantly more in their anginal class than @entity0 receiving placebo (P<0.026). Occurrence of MACE did not significantly differ between both groups ( @entity7 26.8% and placebo 34.9%, P=0.26). CONCLUSION: Treatment with the NO donor @entity7 at a high dose of 8 mg tid for six months after coronary angioplasty has no effect on the angiographic restenosis rate. Due to the vasodilating effect of NO, the anginal status improves slightly more in @entity0 receiving @entity7 .

title: No effect of highly dosed XXXX donor @entity7 on the angiographic restenosis rate after percutaneous coronary angioplasty: a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 , Hand-Sch  ller-Christian disease an @entity1 are characterised by ideopathic proliferation of histiocytes producing focal or systemic manifestations. Definitive diagnosis of @entity7 is made by histopathology including immunohistochemical detection of @entity3 and @entity5 antigens. In general these diseases are summarised under the term @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The localised form of @entity1 , in which the disease is limited to bones, lymphatic nodes or the lung, is commonly referred to as @entity2 . Surgical excision, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, either alone or in combination, are the main treatment options. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a nine-year old @entity0 with an extended @entity2 of left temporal bone. The @entity0 was submitted to a chemotherapeutic protocol with glucocorticoids, @entity6 and @entity4 . Until today a successful treatment and a complete remission for one year can be reported. CONCLUSIONS: Unifocal @entity2 is usually treated by local excision and low-dose irradiation. However treatment with the chemotherapeutic protocol offered an excellent alternative avoiding extensive surgical destruction of the temporal bone in this case.

title: [ XXXX of the temporal bone. Case report and literature review].

answer: @entity2


abstract: To our knowledge, the relationship between all four endogenous female sex hormones and resting cardiac autonomic function has not been studied. The aim of the current study was to examine the association between the normal endogenous levels of @entity3 ( @entity1 ), @entity2 , luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone and heart rate variability (HRV) during the menstrual cycle in young eumenorrheic @entity0 . Ten healthy, young, female subjects volunteered for this study. HRV and endogenous hormone levels were recorded at three phases of the menstrual cycle: menses (day 3.8 +/- 0.5), ovulation (day 15.8 +/- 0.7) and luteal (day 22.1 +/- 0.4) to ensure HRV recordings at times of low (menses) and high (ovulation and luteal) hormonal influence. Heart rate recordings were obtained from supine resting subjects and analysed on a Holter analysis system. Total power (TP, 0-1.0 Hz), low frequency (LF, 0.041-0.15 Hz), high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.80 Hz) and LF/HF components of HRV were examined. Despite a significantly greater HR at ovulation and normal cyclic variations in all endogenous sex hormone levels, no measure of HRV was significantly different between menstrual cycle phases. Significant correlations between @entity3 levels and absolute measures of HRV at ovulation were identified. The results of the current study demonstrated that the normal cyclic variations in endogenous sex hormone levels during the menstrual cycle were not significantly associated with changes in cardiac autonomic control as measured by HRV. Significant correlation between peak @entity3 levels and HRV measures at ovulation provided further support for the reported cardioprotective effects of @entity3 in healthy females.

title: Heart rate variability and endogenous sex hormones during the menstrual cycle in young XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National Comorbidity Survey (NCS; Kessler et al. 1994) was a nationwide household survey of the U.S. population designed to produce data on the prevalence and correlates of @entity0 . The NCS dataset is now in public-use format and continues to be widely used for ongoing research efforts. The NCS dataset included a set of 14 items that have face validity as a measure of current @entity1 ( @entity3 and @entity2 ) and could serve as a potentially useful continuous measure of @entity4 . However, there have been no published studies on its psychometric properties and this measure has not yet been utilized by researchers using the NCS dataset. This paper provides an evaluation of the psychometric properties of the NCS Distress Index. METHOD: The NCS Part II public-use dataset (N = 5877) was used. Detailed diagnostic information was collected along with 14 items assessing current @entity4 and measures of @entity5 and Openness to Experience. RESULTS: The NCS Distress Index was found to be internally consistent (Alpha = 0.92) and a series of principal-components analyses demonstrated that the measure is most accurately conceptualized as a single-factor measure of general distress. The construct validity of the Distress Index was supported by its associations with the measures of @entity5 and Openness to Experience. A series of comparisons between diagnostic groups also supported the construct validity of the measure. For example, those with disorders characterized by depressed mood and worry scored higher on the Distress Index than those with disorders characterized by fear and hyperarousal. CONCLUSIONS: The NCS Distress Index is a psychometrically sound measure of current @entity1 . Future studies utilizing the NCS public-use dataset could potentially benefit from the inclusion of this measure in addition to more commonly investigated categorical variables such as diagnosable disorders.

title: Psychometric properties of an index of XXXX in the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term histological changes in @entity0 retina damaged by infusion air during vitrectomy. METHODS: Fourteen eyes of 14 @entity0 were used. A standard three-port vitrectomy with @entity5 followed by fluid-air exchange was performed. After the fluid-air exchange, one side port was kept open for 30 s to freely introduce the air into the vitreous cavity under a pressure of 40 mmHg. Four weeks after surgery, @entity3 angiography and histological examination were performed. RESULTS: At the air-infused area, @entity3 angiography revealed the filling delay of the choroidal circulation in the early phase. The retinal surface was smooth and the internal limiting membrane was revealed to be intact by scanning electron microscopy. Light microscopy documented the thinning of the photoreceptor layer in the air-infused area. Transmission electron microscopy showed the disarrangement of the retinal pigment epithelium and loss of choriocapillaries. CONCLUSION: Infusion air during vitrectomy causes long-term outer @entity2 after surgery. Thinning of the photoreceptor cells, disarrangement of the retinal pigment epithelium and loss of choriocapillaries reflect the findings that we have observed previously in clinical cases. @entity1 is a complication of vitreous surgery using fluid-air exchange. Although the @entity1 were observed just after surgery, abnormal @entity4 continued to appear over time after the surgical procedure.

title: Long-term alteration in the air-infused XXXX retina.

answer: @entity0


abstract: GOALS: To describe patterns of antidepressant (ADs) prescribing in community oncology practice. @entity0 AND METHODS: Data were collected using an electronic medical record on all staged breast, colon, and @entity1 @entity0 in three community-based oncology practices. The data were analyzed retrospectively, using descriptive and bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression modeling. There were 850 breast, 299 colon, and 473 @entity1 @entity0 identified in this analysis. MAIN RESULTS: Overall, 19.2% of breast, 11% of colon, and 13.7% of @entity1 @entity0 had been prescribed ADs during the 2-year period. The clinic in which @entity2 treatment was received predicted @entity5 prescribing. The relationship between @entity5 administration and age proved to be nonlinear; the pattern exhibited an "inverted U" shape. @entity0 with comorbidities and on @entity4 medications were more likely to be administered ADs. @entity7 @entity0 on @entity4 medications were five times more likely to be administered ADs than those not on @entity4 medications. CONCLUSIONS: While some predictors of @entity5 prescribing appear to be consistent with other studies, such as being on @entity4 medication, there is still a great amount of variability in prescribing patterns across community practices, age groups, and @entity2 diagnoses. This study demonstrates that prescriptions of ADs seem to be influenced by parameters other than psychopathology. Given the importance of @entity6 in oncology care, diagnosis of @entity3 and prescription patterns of psychotropics should be part of the routine monitoring and quality management in oncology @entity0 care.

title: Antidepressant prescribing in community XXXX care.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Despite effectiveness of standard chemotherapy regimens, complete responses are infrequent in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and there are no cures. Since @entity6 shares certain biological and clinical features with @entity3 , including responsiveness to alkylating agents, evaluation of high-dose therapy (HDT) with transplant, which is effective in @entity3 , is an obvious next step in an effort to achieve high response rates and improve survival. Due to the indolent nature of the disease and older @entity0 with comorbidities, such evaluations have been infrequent in the past. We have evaluated the safety and efficacy of high-dose melphalan with peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) support in eight @entity0 between the ages of 45 and 69 years with @entity6 . Adequate numbers of stem cells were collected in six @entity0 ; however, two @entity0 with more extensive prior @entity4 therapy failed to collect adequate cells and required a second attempt at stem cell collection. Seven @entity0 were treated with @entity5 200 mg/m(2), including two @entity0 who received tandem transplants; one @entity0 received melphalan 140 mg/m(2) with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). There was no treatment-related mortality and @entity1 were manageable. Recovery of bone marrow after transplant was prompt except in one @entity0 with extensive prior use of @entity4 . All the eight @entity0 achieved at least partial response (PR), including one complete response (CR). Five @entity0 are alive and with out relapse (77+ to 6+ months post-transplant). Other investigators have reported similar experience suggesting safety and efficacy of HDT in @entity6 . However, therapy with @entity7 analogues leads to stem cell damage with decreased ability to collect adequate numbers of stem cells. This suggests that the PBSCs should preferably be procured prior to extensive use of @entity7 analogues. Future strategies in @entity6 will include a plan to evaluate the role of HDT along with biological agents, role of purging using rituximab, post-HDT maintenance strategies (including immunotherapy), and evaluation of nonmyeloablative regimens containing @entity4 to achieve higher response rates and improve survival.

title: Role for high-dose therapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell support in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a @entity4 characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and a monoclonal IgM serum peak. Treatment includes cytotoxic chemotherapy with alkylators, or purine @entity6 analogues and monoclonal anti- @entity5 antibody. The role of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity7 has not been established. We identified 24 published cases of @entity7 treated with high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by autologous @entity1 (ASCT). The median age was 50 years; half of the @entity0 had refractory disease and received a variety of preparative regimens. Nine complete and 14 partial responses were observed, with one @entity3 . Fifteen @entity0 were alive and well at follow-ups ranging from 1 to 132 months. Six additional @entity0 , with a median age of 45 years (range, 30 to 62), who received allogeneic @entity1 have been reported. All were heavily pretreated with refractory or @entity2 . Median time from diagnosis to transplant was 3.1 years (range, 1.3 to 7). Two @entity0 died of complications of the procedure while one died of disease progression. Three @entity0 were alive and well between 5 and 112 months post-transplant. The small number of reported @entity0 precludes any significant conclusion except that @entity1 is feasible in @entity7 and long-term disease control can be achieved in selected @entity0 with autologous or allogeneic @entity1 , even in those with refractory disease.

title: Autologous and allogeneic XXXX in @entity7 : review of the literature and future directions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a @entity4 characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and a monoclonal IgM serum peak. Treatment includes cytotoxic chemotherapy with alkylators, or purine @entity6 analogues and monoclonal anti- @entity5 antibody. The role of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity7 has not been established. We identified 24 published cases of @entity7 treated with high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by autologous @entity1 (ASCT). The median age was 50 years; half of the @entity0 had refractory disease and received a variety of preparative regimens. Nine complete and 14 partial responses were observed, with one @entity3 . Fifteen @entity0 were alive and well at follow-ups ranging from 1 to 132 months. Six additional @entity0 , with a median age of 45 years (range, 30 to 62), who received allogeneic @entity1 have been reported. All were heavily pretreated with refractory or @entity2 . Median time from diagnosis to transplant was 3.1 years (range, 1.3 to 7). Two @entity0 died of complications of the procedure while one died of disease progression. Three @entity0 were alive and well between 5 and 112 months post-transplant. The small number of reported @entity0 precludes any significant conclusion except that @entity1 is feasible in @entity7 and long-term disease control can be achieved in selected @entity0 with autologous or allogeneic @entity1 , even in those with refractory disease.

title: Autologous and allogeneic @entity1 in XXXX : review of the literature and future directions.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Findings from studies in the @entity1 literature suggest that thoracic computed tomography (TCT) scanning should replace conventional radiographs as an initial imaging modality. Limited data exist on the clinical utility and cost of TCT scans in pediatric @entity1 . Our current practice is to obtain TCT scans in those @entity0 at risk for @entity5 . The purpose of this study is to examine what additional information TCT provides, how frequently it results in a change in clinical management, and a cost/benefit analysis. METHODS: @entity0 18 years old and younger that had both a Chest x-ray (CXR) and TCT scan in their initial workup were included. Indications for TCT scan were (1) any sign of @entity4 on CXR, (2) pathologic findings on physical examination of the chest, and (3) high impact force to chest wall. A @entity0 may have had one or more indications for a TCT scan. RESULTS: Between 1996 and 2000, 45 of 1,638 @entity1 @entity0 met study criteria. Indications for TCT included @entity4 on CXR (n = 27), findings on physical examination (n = 8) and high-impact force (n = 33). In 18 of the 45 (40%), injuries were detected with TCT imaging but not on CXR. These included contusions (n = 12), hemothorax (n = 6), pneumothorax (n = 5), widened @entity6 (n = 4), rib @entity2 (n = 2), @entity3 (n = 1), and @entity1 (n = 1). In 8 @entity0 (17.7%) TCT imaging resulted in a change in clinical management. These included insertion of a chest tube (n = 5) aortography (n = 2) and operation (n = 1). Age, sex, injury severity score, mechanism, and indication for TCT could not predict differences between TCT and CXR (P >.05). In our institution, the cost of a TCT is  200, and the @entity0 charge is  906 ( 94 per CXR). Based on our study data 200 TCTs would need to be done for each clinically significant change, increasing @entity0 ( 180,000) and hospital ( 39,600) costs. CONCLUSIONS: Helical TCT is a highly sensitive imaging modality for the thoracic cavity; however, routine CXR still provides clinically valuable information for the initial @entity1 evaluation at minimal cost. TCT should be reserved for selected cases and not as a primary imaging tool.

title: Should helical CT scanning of the thoracic cavity replace the conventional chest x-ray as a primary assessment tool in pediatric XXXX ? An efficacy and cost analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 derives from an initial insufficiency of all processes which metabolize hydrophobic @entity3 into diglucuronide excretable in bile. The term 'neonatal @entity4 ' should only be used when there is a potential risk of @entity3 intoxication. Thus, the concept @entity4 is not necessarily linked to the exceeding of a certain threshold value, but rather to the maturity of the @entity0 and its clinical condition. In this sense, @entity4 is, therefore, always a syndrome requiring treatment. Besides substitution transfusion, which is highly effective per se, but risky and costly, enzyme induction (e.g., by administration of @entity1 ) represents an elegant causal therapy; however, because of its slow onset of action, it has to be given prophylactically to almost all newborns. In addition, this method requires a general induction of all microsomal enzyme systems, and is hence a major intervention in the process of maturation of the neonatal enzyme systems. Therefore, phototherapy must be regarded as the treatment of choice in cases of @entity5 . It leads to a bypassing of the hepatic enzyme insufficiency in that by interaction between light with a wavelength of around 460 nm and the @entity3 molecules in the skin, an isomeric, water-soluble, renally secretable @entity3 is produced. The effect of phototherapy, i.e., the reduction in the serum @entity3 concentration under phototherapy, may be described as a simple e-function. The evaluation of this regular occurrence provides important information applicable to the phototherapy procedure: it should not be initiated prematurely, the duration of radiation should be as short as possible, the irradiated surface as large as possible, the radiation source should be exploited to a maximum by keeping the distance from the light source short and using lateral reflectors. As supporting measures intestinal lavage, early oral administration of @entity2 or oligosaccharide solution and possibly in some cases also @entity0 albumin are very useful.

title: [Treatment of XXXX by efficient phototherapy].

answer: @entity6


abstract: We reported a case of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) that was diagnosed during surgery. A female @entity0 , weighing 1,104 g, was born at the 29 weeks of gestation. She showed severe @entity1 without crying. Oxygenation was improved by mask ventilation, but tracheal intubation was very difficult. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was suspected because significant amount of air from nasogastric tube was noticed. Physical examination and X-ray findings suggested Gross E type @entity3 , duodenal @entity2 and cloaca. On the second day of life, ligation of TEE gastrostomy and colostomy were scheduled. Although operation was started without problems, ventilation became impossible when @entity3 was clamped and release of clamping made it possible. Bronchoscopic investigation revealed that tracheal tube was located in the esophagus. We have never doubted the esophageal intubation, because @entity0 was ventilated preoperatively and signs of @entity1 were successfully treated by the surfactant replacement therapy through tracheal tube. Type II @entity4 according to Floyd's classification was diagnosed by bronchoscopic and echographic investigations. Distal esophageal ligation, gastrostomy and esophagostomy were performed. She died on the 12th day of life in spite of vigorous ventilatory and cardiovascular support.

title: [Case of XXXX found during surgery].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The osteosynthesis of @entity1 requires a minimal invasive technique to guarantee fully weight bearing and early rehabilitation in elderly @entity0 . In this retrospective study we want to prove if the gamma nail meets all requirements and if the results improved after initiation of the new instrumentarium and standardization of the operative technique. From January 1992 until April 2000 we treated 387 @entity0 with a gamma nail. The average age was 79.4 years. We used the new instrumentarium suitable for radiography since June 1996, the operative technique was standardized since the same time. The evaluation occurred on the basis of clinical and radiological findings included analysis of complications. We've seen intraoperative problems in 29% before June 1996, this rate could be reduced to 9%. @entity3 presented in equal frequency. After improvement of the technique dislocations of the neck screw and relevant sinking of the @entity2 were more rarely. The rate of reoperations after complications of the implant was 8% in both groups. In consideration of technical standards the postoperative full weight bearing and early mobilisation is possible even in old @entity0 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX with the gamma nail].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The main objective of surgery of @entity3 is to avoid a permanent colostomy by sphincter-sparing surgical procedures. A variety of different abdominoperineal resection rates is described in the literature. MATERIAL/METHOD: The study was performed in 2000 within the framework of a multicentric study including 282 hospitals. The purpose of the study was to document the quality of diagnosis and therapy for @entity2 .A total of 9477 @entity0 were included in this study: 3402 suffering from a @entity3 and 6075 suffering from a @entity5 . RESULTS: A total of 866 abdominoperineal resections was performed. This corresponds to an abdominoperineal resection rate of 27.4%. In 30.4% of all @entity0 and in 23.0% of all @entity0 an abdominoperineal resection was performed. Of all @entity1 @entity0 who underwent abdominoperineal resection, 8.3% had a pT4 @entity3 and 57.5% a pT3 @entity3 . Adapted to the localization of the @entity1 in the rectum, i.e., the distance of the @entity1 margin to the anal verge, the following abdominoperineal resection rates were found: <4 cm from the anal verge 84.6%, 4-7.9 cm 43.9%, 8-11.9 cm 5.8%, and 12-16 cm 0.5%. @entity6 occurred in 11.8%, specific @entity4 in 33.1%, and general @entity4 in 27.4% of the @entity0 . The postoperative lethality was 2.8%. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 21.7 days. Logistic regression identified the body mass index, gender, the distance of the @entity3 from the anal verge, and the T category as independent factors influencing the abdominoperineal resection rate. DISCUSSION: Despite an overall decrease in use, abdominoperineal resection will continue to play an important role for the surgical treatment of @entity1 in routine clinical practice in Germany. It will remain an individual decision for each @entity0 whether the @entity1 and the @entity0 allow sphincter preservation or whether abdominoperineal resection seems to be necessary. According to the results of the present study,a general definition of an abdominoperineal resection rate in an unselected group of @entity0 should be viewed critically.

title: [Importance of rectal extirpation for the therapy concept of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previous studies have suggested that maintained vagal stimulation or @entity2 infusion results in a fade of responses in the sinoatrial node but not in the @entity1 , implying different muscarinic receptor subtypes in the two regions. We investigated this hypothesis in 23 isolated @entity0 atrial preparations made quiescent by continuous superfusion with @entity3 (1 microgram/ml). Transmembrane potentials were recorded simultaneously from cells in the sinoatrial pacemaker region and from the "N" region of the @entity1 . Postganglionic vagal stimulation was achieved by the application of trains of pulses (50-150 microseconds; 10-20 V; 200 Hz). Simultaneous application of long-lasting (1-10 sec) vagal trains produced hyperpolarizations which were nearly identical for both nodal regions. Maximal hyperpolarizations (approximately or equal to 24 mV for sinoatrial node; 26 mV for @entity1 ) were reached about 500 msec after initiation of the vagal train. Thereafter, hyperpolarizations faded, following a biphasic time course, and thus displaying two different time constants, one fast (tau fast = 580 msec for sinoatrial node; 550 msec for @entity1 ), and one slow (tau slow = 9.2 sec for both sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes). Hyperpolarizations during brief (200-msec) but repetitive vagal trains also faded biphasically, but approached a steady state much more rapidly than responses to long-lasting trains. Recovery from hyperpolarization decay occurred rather slowly and was linear. Our results demonstrate that the membrane potential responses to vagal stimulation in the @entity1 are indistinguishable from those in the sinoatrial node, and suggest that similar muscarinic receptors are operative in both regions. These phenomena may play an important role in the response of the cardiac conducting system to direct or reflexly mediated vagal input.

title: "Fade" of hyperpolarizing responses to vagal stimulation at the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes of the XXXX heart.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large-scale screening in @entity1 diagnosis is expensive and time consuming. Sequential classification strategies can provide an effective combination of time-efficiency and diagnostic accuracy for @entity1 screening. METHODS: In a cross-sectional clinical study, a sequential diagnostic strategy, based on several psychophysical and electrophysiological tests, was evaluated on measurements from 595 eyes from 310 @entity0 with primary @entity2 , and 419 eyes from 213 control subjects (age range 18-70 years in each group). @entity0 and controls successively underwent up to five psychophysical and electrophysiological diagnostic tests. Optic disc morphometry was taken as gold standard. Adapting group sequential techniques, sensitivity and specificity for the whole diagnostic program were controlled, allotting overall error rates of 10%. The criteria for the diagnostic process were developed in a learning sample (677 eyes) and verified in a validation sample (337 eyes). RESULTS: In the validation sample, 62.0% of the examined eyes could be classified, using a sequential 15-min two-step program. An overall 13.6% "gain" of saved time, compared to non-sequential discriminant analysis, was achieved without loss of diagnostic accuracy. A sequential 45-min five-step program classified 68.8% of the whole sample before morphometry, saving approximately 39% of examination time, compared to taking the complete discriminant score. CONCLUSION: Especially in screening, where the use of time-consuming and complicated diagnostic procedures is restricted, the implementation of testing programs based on group sequential strategies might be a promising means of saving personnel resources and reducing inconvenience for @entity0 .

title: Sequential classification in XXXX diagnosis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two extremely morphologically similar sister species of desert ants, Cataglyphis bicolor and @entity2 , exhibit broadly overlapping distributional ranges within Tunisia. In order to analyse the microhabitats of @entity1 and @entity2 within the sympatric and allopatric areas of both ant species, the plant species located at 113 different nest sites of the two ant species were determined. In the sympatric area, the two species exhibit a clear-cut nest site segregation. This is not the case in the allopatric areas. Hence the two species differentiate their microhabitat only when they are sympatric. The plant species associated mainly with the nest sites of @entity1 indicate that this species prefers a type of vegetation that needs irrigation. This is in contrast to the nest sites of @entity2 , which are usually found around plants that characterize typical @entity0 . As the ants' foraging paths recorded in the sympatric area reveal, @entity1 performs significantly shorter foraging runs with respect to both length and time, and covers a much smaller foraging range than @entity2 does. This result reflects the fact that the microhabitat occupied by the colonies of @entity1 is richer in food abundance. When direct interspecific interactions were investigated by placing a bait midway between two heterospecific nests, @entity1 foragers dominated over those of @entity2 . The same dominance of @entity1 over @entity2 occurred in laboratory experiments. These results suggest that the dominant species drives the subordinate one out of the high quality microhabitats, and that the subordinate species is forced to survive in the less lucrative habitats. In conclusion, coexistence seems to be maintained by the asymmetric competitive relationship between the two species and the fact that the subordinate species has the ability to endure in the less favourable microhabitat.

title: Sympatry and allopatry in two desert ant sister species: how do Cataglyphis bicolor and XXXX coexist?

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to find out how long it is necessary to follow-up esophageal @entity3 @entity0 endoscopically to prevent irreversible mucosal changes. METHODS: Seventy-four of 79 long-term survivors with esophageal @entity3 and primary @entity1 underwent a total of 322 esophagogastroduodenoscopies during a follow-up period of 0.5 to 19 years (mean, 10.3) after the primary operation. For analysis, the biopsy findings were divided into 2 groups: good, histologically normal or only mildly inflamed mucosa; unfavorable, moderate or severe @entity4 or @entity2 . Fundoplication irrespective of indications was considered unfavorable. The results were analyzed using actuarial survival analysis; the changing point was when a "good" turned into "unfavorable." RESULTS: Forty-five @entity0 (61%) remained in the "good" group throughout the study period; 15 of those (20%) had completely normal findings. Nine @entity0 (12%) had moderate, one (1%) had severe @entity4 , and 13 @entity0 (18%) had @entity2 . Fundoplication was performed on 21 @entity0 (28%). CONCLUSIONS: About 40% of esophageal @entity3 @entity0 eventually have significant esophageal mucosal pathology or need to have a fundoplication. The majority of these changes appear before the age of 3 years. Routine endoscopic follow-up of esophageal @entity3 @entity0 is recommended at least to the age of 3 years.

title: Endoscopic follow-up in esophageal XXXX -for how long is it necessary?

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the treatment of @entity4 , @entity5 ablation has proven to be the cornerstone. Several important questions about its use, however, remain unanswered. The first question is whether @entity5 ablation should be started at the time of diagnosis, or when symptoms arise. Although previous evidence had suggested no benefit to early therapy, a recent large trial of @entity0 has shown clear benefit. @entity0 with locally advanced and asymptomatic @entity1 were randomly assigned to early treatment, or treatment started at signs of progression: the early treatment group showed benefit in time to progression, incidence of severe complications, and time to @entity3 . The other major unresolved issue is the type of @entity5 ablation to be used. Maximal @entity5 blockade (MAB) has been shown to increase the survival of @entity0 with @entity1 in a least two large, well-conducted trial, although other trials have contradicted this finding. A recent meta-analysis of 22 MAB trials containing more than 5000 @entity0 has suggested that MAB does not prolong life. A large trial by the National @entity2 Institute (NCI) NCI INT-0105, from which preliminary results are now available, has shown that castration and an antiandrogen is no better than castration alone in terms of time to progression and survival. This trial, furthermore, did not find that MAB was superior in low-volume, good-performance status @entity0 . @entity5 ablation is not a cure for @entity4 , but it does provide excellent palliation. New treatment regimens, and new studies, are needed to optimize treatment for these @entity0 .

title: A review of hormonal treatment in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effect of a preventive program was studied in 12-14-yr-old @entity0 . 104 @entity0 (test group) participated in this program. After four visits in the first 6 wk, the @entity0 visited the oral hygienist five times a year to receive professional oral prophylactic treatment and instructions. Additionally a @entity1 application (Duraphat) was given two times a year. @entity0 of a control group (n = 117) received no prophylactic treatment. Diet was not controlled in either test or control group. After 2 yr mean caries increment amounted to 2.7 +/- 2.8 new DFS in the test group and 5.0 +/- 4.2 new DFS in the control group, respectively. The most pronounced differences between the two groups could be found on the proximal surfaces. In all, caries was reduced by 46% during the 2-yr period. Plaque accumulation and frequency of @entity2 were significantly reduced only in the test group (67% and 55%, resp.). The data revealed that the program reduced both caries and @entity2 to a remarkable extent.

title: Effect of a preventive program based on professional toothcleaning and XXXX application on caries and @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effect of a preventive program was studied in 12-14-yr-old @entity0 . 104 @entity0 (test group) participated in this program. After four visits in the first 6 wk, the @entity0 visited the oral hygienist five times a year to receive professional oral prophylactic treatment and instructions. Additionally a @entity1 application (Duraphat) was given two times a year. @entity0 of a control group (n = 117) received no prophylactic treatment. Diet was not controlled in either test or control group. After 2 yr mean caries increment amounted to 2.7 +/- 2.8 new DFS in the test group and 5.0 +/- 4.2 new DFS in the control group, respectively. The most pronounced differences between the two groups could be found on the proximal surfaces. In all, caries was reduced by 46% during the 2-yr period. Plaque accumulation and frequency of @entity2 were significantly reduced only in the test group (67% and 55%, resp.). The data revealed that the program reduced both caries and @entity2 to a remarkable extent.

title: Effect of a preventive program based on professional toothcleaning and @entity1 application on caries and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In 1969, 1972, 1975 and 1978 dental examinations were carried out in the City of The Hague on cohorts of about 800 @entity0 from kindergartens and elementary schools in order to test a (dental) health education program. Since 1980/1981 weekly @entity1 mouthrinses have been done in kindergartens and elementary schools in areas with lower SES. In 1981, a baseline dental examination for a follow-up study was carried out on about 500 second grade schoolchildren from areas of low and medium SES. In this baseline examination in 1981 a considerable improvement in dental health was found compared with the earlier cohort examinations, especially in medium SES groups. The average D3MFS value in 1981 was 1.53 and 0.92 for second grade @entity0 of the low and medium social level respectively; the average d3fs values were 5.83 and 3.42. Over the 12-yr period (1969-1981) a respective D3MFS reduction of 57.6 and 76.2% was found for low and medium SES. The percentage d3fs reduction for the primary dentition was 55.3 and 72.9%, respectively. In 1978 and 1981 the percentage of @entity0 without @entity2 was 26.8 and 31.9%. The difference in the number of @entity2 -free @entity0 between 1978 and 1981 seemed to be due to an increase in the number of @entity0 without @entity2 in the medium SES groups. A greater use of @entity1 tablets was found in low and medium socioeconomic levels between 1972 and 1975, followed by a decrease in the period between 1975 and 1978 and another increase by 1981 compared with 1978.

title: Dental caries and XXXX in second grade schoolchildren in The Hague over the period 1969-1981.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of transperineal versus transrectal six-core prostate biopsy. Transrectal sextant biopsy is the most common method for @entity2 detection. However, the @entity1 detection rate with this technique is increasingly considered inadequate. Different prostate biopsy procedures, mainly based on addition of additional transrectal cores to traditional sextant biopsy, have been proposed to increase the @entity1 diagnosis rate. The efficacy of the transperineal approach has not yet been fully established. METHODS: In a prospective study, 107 @entity0 with elevated @entity3 levels (greater than 4.0 ng/mL) underwent prostate biopsy with six transperineal cores, using a "fan" scheme, plus six transrectal cores, according to the sextant technique. The median @entity3 level was 8.2 ng/mL (range 4.1 to 240). RESULTS: The overall @entity1 detection rate was 40% (43 of 107); @entity2 was found in 38% (41 of 107) of @entity0 with the transperineal approach and in 32% (34 of 107) of @entity0 with the transrectal approach. Of 43 diagnosed @entity1 , 41 (95%) were found with the transperineal approach and 34 (79%) with the transrectal approach (P = 0.012). No @entity0 had low-grade @entity1 (Gleason score 2 to 4), 25 @entity0 had intermediate-grade @entity1 (Gleason score 5 to 6), and 18 @entity0 had high-grade @entity1 (Gleason score 7 to 10). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report comparing in vivo two different approaches to prostate biopsy. Transperineal biopsy seems superior to transrectal biopsy to detect @entity2 . Both the transperineal and the transrectal approach should be familiar to the urologist who needs to obtain an adequate @entity1 detection rate. Transrectal sextant biopsy cannot be considered the standard technique for @entity2 detection.

title: Best approach for XXXX detection: a prospective study on transperineal versus transrectal six-core prostate biopsy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PSA continues to be one of the most effective and widely used @entity1 screening tools available. Its popularity in @entity2 screening, however, has eroded its usefulness in the staging of this disease. As more @entity0 are screened every year on a routine basis with DRE and PSA, the average PSA at diagnosis has drifted down to well below 10 ng/mL in many centers, including ours. This trend is likely to accelerate, as a PSA cut off for prompting biopsy of the prostate of 2.5 ng/mL gains more widespread acceptance. The recent realization that, at these levels, serum PSA is more reflective of the presence of BPH than of the extent of @entity1 and, therefore, does not provide additional staging information, has renewed the search for new biochemical markers that are capable of predicting @entity2 stage and prognosis. Because of the heterogeneity of this disease, it is unlikely that a single biochemical marker that is capable of accurately staging @entity2 @entity0 will be found. For this reason, nomograms that are capable of integrating various parameters to predict stage and prognosis will remain indispensable. As new biochemical markers that provide independent predictive information about stage or prognosis are identified, they can be incorporated into currently available nomograms. Of the biochemical markers discussed in this article, IL-6sR and @entity3 are the most promising. By incorporating them into a preoperative nomogram designed to predict PSA recurrence, we found that they improved the ability to predict biochemical recurrence by a statistically and clinically significant margin. The @entity1 and predict response to therapy has improved dramatically over the last 3 decades. Nevertheless, there is still a need for new biochemical markers that will improve the ability to predict an individual @entity0 's stage and response to therapy. Incorporating these new markers into nomograms will enhance the ability to provide optimal care for each @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Biochemical staging of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study is to use cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to acquire accurate radiographic images for alveolar bone in lower incisors and the change after presurgical orthodontic treatment. Seventeen @entity0 with skeletal @entity2 , ten normal occlusion subjects, and fifteen @entity0 treated with orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery were included. CBCT images were obtained. The labial and lingual inclinations of mandibular incisors, the @entity1 and root length were measured. Alveolar bone thickness at the apex in @entity0 with skeletal @entity2 was thinner than normal subjects. The @entity1 heights at labial and lingual sides in @entity0 with skeletal @entity2 were both reduced compared with normal subjects, especially at the labial side. There were statistically significant correlations between lower incisor inclination and alveolar bone morphology. After orthodontics, the incisors root apex was closer to the lingual side of alveolar bone. The alveolar bone thickness at apex was not statistically changed. The @entity1 heights at the labial and lingual sides were both significantly reduced especially the lingual side after presurgical orthodontic treatment. The root length was not significantly changed. In conclusion, the alveolar bone thickness at apex is thinner and the vertical alveolar height is reduced at the labial side. Forward movement of lower incisors during presurgical orthodontic treatment can render the lower incisors root apex closer to the lingual side and the vertical alveolar height is reduced.

title: Presurgical orthodontic decompensation alters alveolar bone condition around mandibular incisors in adults with skeletal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study is to investigate the value of intracranial venous circulation evaluation in guiding the surgery for @entity5 . METHODS: A total of 44 @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 received 3D CE-MRV scanning. The obtained images were reconstructed by virtual reality (VR) technology. Venous collateral circulation was evaluated. Postoperative follow-up was carried out. RESULTS: Among 44 @entity5 @entity0 , 41 cases were with resection of Simpson grade I/II (93.18%) and 6 cases were with permanent @entity3 (13.64%). @entity2 occurred in the remaining 3 @entity0 (6.82%), with 2 cases cured and 1 case died. The mortality rate was 2.27%. Recurrence occurred in one case (2.27%) after discharge. In 9 cases, @entity1 adjacent @entity6 was transected and the poor prognosis rate was 33.33%. @entity6 was opened in 3 cases and after removal of the @entity1 the broken end was sutured directly. The poor prognosis occurred in one case (33.33%). Electrocoagulation was carried out to the @entity6 wall in 32 cases without opening venous sinus and 2 cases were with poor prognosis (6.25%). The three different venous sinus treatment methods had no significantly difference on the prognosis of @entity0 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative evaluation of intracranial venous circulation with VR technology and 3D CE-MRV may help making individual surgical plans, reduce @entity4 and improve the prognosis of @entity5 @entity0 .

title: Guidance value of intracranial venous circulation evaluation to XXXX operation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with partial or complete disruption of urethral integrity can lead to voiding problems and serious infections. We report a new management technique involving immediate endoscopic realignment with drainage via peel-away sheath for post-traumatic bulbar @entity2 . METHODS: Thirteen @entity0 presenting with post-traumatic bulbar @entity2 between July 2010 and May 2013 were treated. An 18F peel-away sheath was inserted into the anterior urethra, then a ureteroscope or nephroscope was inserted into the peel-away sheath with continuous normal saline infusion and drainage through the cavity between ureteroscope and sheath to maintain operative field clarity. A guide wire was negotiated across the disruption to the bladder and an 18F Foley catheter inserted for 2-4 weeks. @entity2 severity was evaluated by urethroscopy during operation. Two @entity0 had partial @entity2 and 11 complete rupture. Before Foley catheter removal, pericatheter urethrography was performed to determine if urinary extravasation had occurred. Urethroscopy was performed after catheter removal. Follow-up uroflowmetry was conducted monthly for 1 year. RESULTS: This technique was successful in all @entity0 and none experienced urinary extravasation or required open surgery. Mean operation time was 4.9  1.6 min (3-8 min) and the mean Foley catheter indwelling time was 25.8  5.3 days. During follow-up (18.4  5.4 months, 12-26 months), 6 @entity0 developed @entity3 (8.7  10.5 weeks, 1-28 weeks post-treatment). Strictures were managed by internal urethrotomy (1 @entity0 ) or urethral sound dilation (5) without open urethroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate endoscopic realignment with drainage via peel-away sheath is a fast, effective, and safe technique for bulbar @entity2 .

title: A new technique for immediate endoscopic realignment of post-traumatic bulbar XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single transverse cage placed in the anterior vertebral column can better maintain lumbar @entity6 and sagittal alignment and is frequently used via the lateral transpsoas approach. However, there is no clear description in the literature of the steps required to place the single transverse cage during the instrumented transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedure for the treatment of @entity1 . The objective of this study is to describe the technique using single transverse-orientation cage when performing TLIF procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present 18 illustrative cases in which single transverse-orientation cage was placed according to a step-by-step technique that can be used during the TLIF procedure. Information acquired included procedure time, intraoperative @entity2 and @entity4 . The preoperative and postoperative @entity5 Index (ODI) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were recorded. Changes in disc height and segmental @entity6 were measured at radiographs. RESULTS: The single transverse-orientation cage was successfully placed in 18 @entity0 in a stepwise technique to achieve lumbar fusion. Using this technique, the @entity0 significantly improved clinically and radiographically at postoperative visits. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report demonstrating the safety and efficacy of instrumented TLIF with single transverse-orientation cage for the treatment of @entity1 . Single transverse-orientation cage via @entity3 -TLIF approach can maintain @entity6 and avoid the unique complications of lateral transpsoas approach. Understanding the options for cage placement is important for surgeons considering the use of this technique.

title: Single transverse-orientation cage via @entity3 -TLIF approach for the treatment of XXXX : a technical note.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single transverse cage placed in the anterior vertebral column can better maintain lumbar @entity6 and sagittal alignment and is frequently used via the lateral transpsoas approach. However, there is no clear description in the literature of the steps required to place the single transverse cage during the instrumented transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedure for the treatment of @entity1 . The objective of this study is to describe the technique using single transverse-orientation cage when performing TLIF procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present 18 illustrative cases in which single transverse-orientation cage was placed according to a step-by-step technique that can be used during the TLIF procedure. Information acquired included procedure time, intraoperative @entity2 and @entity4 . The preoperative and postoperative @entity5 Index (ODI) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were recorded. Changes in disc height and segmental @entity6 were measured at radiographs. RESULTS: The single transverse-orientation cage was successfully placed in 18 @entity0 in a stepwise technique to achieve lumbar fusion. Using this technique, the @entity0 significantly improved clinically and radiographically at postoperative visits. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report demonstrating the safety and efficacy of instrumented TLIF with single transverse-orientation cage for the treatment of @entity1 . Single transverse-orientation cage via @entity3 -TLIF approach can maintain @entity6 and avoid the unique complications of lateral transpsoas approach. Understanding the options for cage placement is important for surgeons considering the use of this technique.

title: Single transverse-orientation cage via XXXX -TLIF approach for the treatment of @entity1 : a technical note.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Poor semen quality is one of the main causes of @entity1 . We have generated a set of monoclonal antibodies to @entity0 sperm and used them to investigate sperm quality. Some of these antibodies found differences in the expression of proteins between normal sperm and pathological sperm displaying severe defects. One of them was the Hs-14 antibody. The aim of this paper was to determine the target protein of the Hs-14 monoclonal antibody and to investigate the expression of the Hs-14-reacting protein on the sperm of asthenozoospermic @entity0 with sperm motility defect and of healthy normozoospermic @entity0 . METHODS: Indirect immunofluorescence, one-dimensional and two-dimensional @entity2 gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The Hs-14 antibody binds fibronectin, b-tubulin and valosin-containing protein - new name for this protein is @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Since the Hs-14 reaction with @entity3 remained the strongest at the highest antibody dilution, and Hs-14 consistently labelled the same spot or band as the monospecific anti- @entity3 antibody on immunoblots, we assume that @entity3 is an Hs-14-specific protein. Binding of fibronectin and b-tubulin might represent nonspecific cross-reactivity or Hs-14 reaction with similar epitopes of these proteins. A significant difference (P   <   0.001) in immunofluorescence staining with Hs-14 was found between the normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The Hs-14 antibody enables discrimination between sterile or subfertile asthenozoospermic and fertile normozoospermic @entity0 . Decreased levels of @entity3 in @entity0 can be used as a biomarker of reduced fertility.

title: Target antigens for Hs-14 monoclonal antibody and their various expression in normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 can cause vision-threatening pathological neovascularization. The mechanisms of @entity6 are not fully understood, however. Here we have shown that leukocytes prune the retinal vasculature during normal development and obliterate it in disease. Beginning at postnatal day 5 (P5) in the normal @entity1 , vascular pruning began centrally and extended peripherally, leaving behind a less dense, smaller-caliber vasculature. The pruning was correlated with @entity3 expression of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and coincided with an outward-moving wave of adherent leukocytes composed in part of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The leukocytes adhered to the vasculature through @entity7 and remodeled it through @entity8 ( @entity8 )-mediated endothelial cell apoptosis. In a model of @entity0 -induced @entity2 , this process was exaggerated. Leukocytes used @entity7 and @entity8 to obliterate the retinal vasculature, leaving behind large areas of @entity2 retina. In vitro, T lymphocytes isolated from @entity0 -exposed neonates induced a @entity8 -mediated apoptosis of hyperoxygenated endothelial cells. Targeting these pathways may prove useful in the treatment of @entity6 , a leading cause of @entity4 .

title: Leukocytes mediate XXXX remodeling during development and vaso-obliteration in disease.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Purpose. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of cavernosum play an important role in erection. It is of great significance to quantitatively analyze the level of SMCs in penis. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of shear wave elastography (SWE) on evaluating the level of SMCs in penis quantitatively. Materials and Methods. Twenty healthy male @entity0 were selected. The SWE imaging of penis was carried out and then immunohistochemistry analysis of penis was performed to analyze the expression of @entity1 in penis. The measurement index of SWE examination was @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The measurement index of immunohistochemistry analysis was positive area percentage of @entity1 (AP). Results. Sixty sets of data of @entity2 and AP were obtained. The results showed that @entity2 was significantly correlated with AP and the correlation coefficient was -0.618 (p < 0.001). The result of @entity2 had been plotted against the AP measurements. The relation between the two results has been fitted with quadric curve; the goodness-of-fit index was 0.364 (p < 0.001). Conclusions. The level of SMCs in penis was successfully quantified in vivo with SWE. SWE can be used clinically for evaluating the level of SMCs in penis quantitatively.

title: Smooth Muscle Cells of Penis in the XXXX : Noninvasive Quantification with Shear Wave Elastography.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is an essential problem for healthcare systems especially in developing countries. All newborns are given Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) vaccine in Iran which is prepared from live @entity5 @entity6 bacillus, and is given to protect against @entity6 . @entity9 secondary to BCG vaccination is rare and usually involves epiphysis of long tubular bones. METHODS: 4 @entity0 , 3 males and a female entered this study and were between 11 to 24 months old. The involved bones were first metatarsi, talus, humerus and tibia bone. The main radiologic finding was @entity2 with cortical destruction and periosteal reaction. RESULTS: 3 @entity0 underwent core needle biopsy and the one with the proximal tibia involvement, underwent open surgery. Pathology report suggested @entity8 and @entity1 compatible with @entity6 . Surgical treatment for these @entity0 was curettage and debridement of the @entity3 and involved tissues around. The @entity0 got standard anti TB pharmacotherapy, were completely cured and no short term complication was seen in a one year follow up. CONCLUSION: BCG @entity9 and @entity7 , should be kept in mind when assessing a @entity0 presenting chronic symptoms like @entity4 , limping or local swelling of extremities. The long interval time between BCG vaccination and outbreak of the culture-negative abscess is a major point which emphasizes on pathologic evaluation. Image guided tissue biopsy and PCR studies confirm diagnosis. Early use of a surgical curettage and debridement along with chemotherapy soon afterwards, enabled these @entity0 to enjoy a satisfactory clinical outcome.

title: Bacille Calmette-Gu  rin XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Thirty-six @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were randomized to either medical therapy (N = 18) or unilateral GPi pallidotomy (N = 18). The primary outcome variable was the change in total Unified @entity1 Rating Scale (UPDRS) score at 6 months. Secondary outcome variables included subscores and individual @entity2 as determined from the UPDRS. At the six month follow-up, @entity0 receiving pallidotomy had a statistically significant reduction (32% decrease) in the total UPDRS score compared to those randomized to medical therapy (5% increase). Following surgery, @entity0 ' showed improvement in all the cardinal motor signs of @entity1 including @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity6 , gait and balance. @entity4 were also markedly improved. Although the greatest improvement occurred on the side contralateral to the lesion, significant ipsilateral improvement was also observed for @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity4 . A total of twenty @entity0 have been followed for 2 years to assess the effect of time on clinical outcome. These @entity0 have shown sustained improvement in the total UPDRS (p < 0.0001), "off" motor (p < 0.0001) and complications of therapy subscores (p < 0.0001). Sustained improvement was also seen for @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity6 , percent on time and @entity4 .

title: Randomized trial of pallidotomy versus medical therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoluminal repair of thoracic aortic pathology has become established in clinical practice, but is associated with significant @entity1 . The aim of this study was to identify factors that were predictive of @entity2 and @entity3 . METHODS: Prospective data was collected for a cohort of 293 consecutive @entity0 having thoracic aortic endovascular repair between August 1997 and September 2009. @entity0 and procedural characteristics were related to the incidence of @entity2 and @entity3 using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The median age was 68 years (18-87), there were 191 @entity0 and 102 @entity0 . Mortality was 5.1% for 195 elective and 13.4% for 98 urgent @entity0 . @entity2 affected 16 (5.5%) @entity0 : 11 affected the anterior and 5 the posterior circulation. Coverage of the left subclavian artery with no revascularisation was the only significant factor predictive of @entity2 (OR 5.34 (1.42-20.40) P = 0.01). @entity3 affected 16 @entity0 (5.5%) but no independent risk factor was identified: 12 were identified perioperatively and 4 were delayed by up to 6 months. CONCLUSION: Covering the left subclavian artery without revascularisation increases the risk of @entity2 following endoluminal repair of thoracic pathology. @entity3 appears to be more complex and no independent precipitating factor was identified.

title: Predictors of XXXX and @entity3 in thoracic aortic endovascular intervention.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoluminal repair of thoracic aortic pathology has become established in clinical practice, but is associated with significant @entity1 . The aim of this study was to identify factors that were predictive of @entity2 and @entity3 . METHODS: Prospective data was collected for a cohort of 293 consecutive @entity0 having thoracic aortic endovascular repair between August 1997 and September 2009. @entity0 and procedural characteristics were related to the incidence of @entity2 and @entity3 using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The median age was 68 years (18-87), there were 191 @entity0 and 102 @entity0 . Mortality was 5.1% for 195 elective and 13.4% for 98 urgent @entity0 . @entity2 affected 16 (5.5%) @entity0 : 11 affected the anterior and 5 the posterior circulation. Coverage of the left subclavian artery with no revascularisation was the only significant factor predictive of @entity2 (OR 5.34 (1.42-20.40) P = 0.01). @entity3 affected 16 @entity0 (5.5%) but no independent risk factor was identified: 12 were identified perioperatively and 4 were delayed by up to 6 months. CONCLUSION: Covering the left subclavian artery without revascularisation increases the risk of @entity2 following endoluminal repair of thoracic pathology. @entity3 appears to be more complex and no independent precipitating factor was identified.

title: Predictors of @entity2 and XXXX in thoracic aortic endovascular intervention.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although sickle erythrocytes (RBC) undergo excessive autooxidation, investigators have not found evidence for abnormal oxidation of protein @entity1 in sickle RBC membranes (e.g., protein aggregates linked by intermolecular @entity2 bonds). However, the conventional techniques heretofore used cannot detect more subtle changes in @entity0 status such as abnormal intramolecular @entity2 bonds. We examined RBC membranes using @entity0 - @entity2 exchange chromatography which partitions @entity4 -solubilized proteins on the basis of reactive @entity1 , yielding gel-bound (reduced- @entity0 ) and filtrate (oxidized/blocked- @entity0 ) fractions. Membranes from normal RBC partition so that only 13.6 +/- 1.4% of all membrane protein is found in the filtrate fraction. An abnormally increased amount of membrane protein from sickle RBC (21.5 +/- 4.3%) partitions into the filtrate fraction (P less than 0.001). Since sickle RBC do not have high molecular weight aggregates of membrane protein, this indicates abnormal intramolecular @entity0 oxidation in sickle RBC membranes. Treatment of normal RBC with @entity0 blockers and oxidants simulates this shift of membrane protein into the filtrate fraction. Analysis using @entity3 gel electrophoresis reveals that the filtrate fraction derived from normal RBC consists mostly of band 7 and glycophorins, with only trace amounts of other membrane proteins. Superimposed upon this normal background, sickle RBC filtrates are enriched with all proteins (including cytoskeletal protein bands 1, 2, 2.1, and 4.1), suggesting a generalized oxidative perturbation of sickle RBC membranes. These observations support the concept that excessive RBC autooxidation may play a role in sickle disease pathophysiology, and they perhaps help explain the development of those membrane abnormalities that may reflect cytoskeletal dysfunction in sickle erythrocytes.

title: Abnormal redox status of membrane-protein XXXX in sickle erythrocytes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) cell signaling pathway is important in @entity1 and cell survival. @entity1 and cell death in the kidney are features of @entity5 -induced @entity4 . While it is known that @entity5 induces NF-kB signaling in the kidney, the NF-kB responsive genes and the effect of direct NF-kB transcriptional inhibition in @entity5 -induced @entity4 is not known. @entity0 injected with @entity5 , 25mg/kg, developed @entity4 , @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and apoptosis on day 3. @entity0 were treated with @entity13 (20 or 40mg/kg) which directly affects NF-kB transcriptional activity. Kidney function, @entity4 ( @entity9 , serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL], but not apoptosis) and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) activity were significantly improved by @entity13 (40mg/kg). Sixty one NF-kB responsive genes were increased by @entity5 of which 21 genes were decreased by @entity13 . Genes that were decreased by @entity13 that are known to play a role in @entity5 -induced @entity4 were @entity6 , IFN-y, chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2 ( @entity7 ) and @entity11 . Another gene, caspase recruitment domain family, member 11 ( @entity14 ), not previously known to play a role in @entity4 , was increased more than 20-fold and completely inhibited by @entity13 . @entity12 and @entity3 , known mediators of @entity5 -induced @entity4 , were decreased by @entity13 . @entity15 , receptor-interacting @entity2 / @entity8 -protein kinases, that play an important role in necroptosis, were decreased by @entity13 . In @entity0 proximal tubule cells in culture, @entity13 resulted in an increase in apoptosis suggesting that the mechanism of protection against @entity4 by @entity13 is not due to a direct effect on proximal tubules. In conclusion, NF-kB transcriptional inhibition in @entity5 -induced @entity4 without a significant effect on apoptosis and is associated with a decrease pro-inflammatory mediators and @entity14 .

title: NF-kB transcriptional inhibition ameliorates XXXX -induced @entity4 ( @entity4 ).

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) cell signaling pathway is important in @entity1 and cell survival. @entity1 and cell death in the kidney are features of @entity5 -induced @entity4 . While it is known that @entity5 induces NF-kB signaling in the kidney, the NF-kB responsive genes and the effect of direct NF-kB transcriptional inhibition in @entity5 -induced @entity4 is not known. @entity0 injected with @entity5 , 25mg/kg, developed @entity4 , @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and apoptosis on day 3. @entity0 were treated with @entity13 (20 or 40mg/kg) which directly affects NF-kB transcriptional activity. Kidney function, @entity4 ( @entity9 , serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL], but not apoptosis) and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) activity were significantly improved by @entity13 (40mg/kg). Sixty one NF-kB responsive genes were increased by @entity5 of which 21 genes were decreased by @entity13 . Genes that were decreased by @entity13 that are known to play a role in @entity5 -induced @entity4 were @entity6 , IFN-y, chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2 ( @entity7 ) and @entity11 . Another gene, caspase recruitment domain family, member 11 ( @entity14 ), not previously known to play a role in @entity4 , was increased more than 20-fold and completely inhibited by @entity13 . @entity12 and @entity3 , known mediators of @entity5 -induced @entity4 , were decreased by @entity13 . @entity15 , receptor-interacting @entity2 / @entity8 -protein kinases, that play an important role in necroptosis, were decreased by @entity13 . In @entity0 proximal tubule cells in culture, @entity13 resulted in an increase in apoptosis suggesting that the mechanism of protection against @entity4 by @entity13 is not due to a direct effect on proximal tubules. In conclusion, NF-kB transcriptional inhibition in @entity5 -induced @entity4 without a significant effect on apoptosis and is associated with a decrease pro-inflammatory mediators and @entity14 .

title: NF-kB transcriptional inhibition ameliorates @entity5 -induced XXXX ( @entity4 ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) cell signaling pathway is important in @entity1 and cell survival. @entity1 and cell death in the kidney are features of @entity5 -induced @entity4 . While it is known that @entity5 induces NF-kB signaling in the kidney, the NF-kB responsive genes and the effect of direct NF-kB transcriptional inhibition in @entity5 -induced @entity4 is not known. @entity0 injected with @entity5 , 25mg/kg, developed @entity4 , @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and apoptosis on day 3. @entity0 were treated with @entity13 (20 or 40mg/kg) which directly affects NF-kB transcriptional activity. Kidney function, @entity4 ( @entity9 , serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL], but not apoptosis) and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) activity were significantly improved by @entity13 (40mg/kg). Sixty one NF-kB responsive genes were increased by @entity5 of which 21 genes were decreased by @entity13 . Genes that were decreased by @entity13 that are known to play a role in @entity5 -induced @entity4 were @entity6 , IFN-y, chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2 ( @entity7 ) and @entity11 . Another gene, caspase recruitment domain family, member 11 ( @entity14 ), not previously known to play a role in @entity4 , was increased more than 20-fold and completely inhibited by @entity13 . @entity12 and @entity3 , known mediators of @entity5 -induced @entity4 , were decreased by @entity13 . @entity15 , receptor-interacting @entity2 / @entity8 -protein kinases, that play an important role in necroptosis, were decreased by @entity13 . In @entity0 proximal tubule cells in culture, @entity13 resulted in an increase in apoptosis suggesting that the mechanism of protection against @entity4 by @entity13 is not due to a direct effect on proximal tubules. In conclusion, NF-kB transcriptional inhibition in @entity5 -induced @entity4 without a significant effect on apoptosis and is associated with a decrease pro-inflammatory mediators and @entity14 .

title: NF-kB transcriptional inhibition ameliorates @entity5 -induced @entity4 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dissecting @entity3 (VA) are difficult to treat using current surgical and endovascular techniques. OBJECTIVE: To analyze retrospectively the efficacy and safety of flow diverters in the treatment of dissecting @entity3 . METHODS: We identified six @entity0 with six unruptured VA dissecting @entity4 either arising from the V4 or V3-V4 junction that were treated with the Pipeline embolization device (PED) at our institution between July 2012 and February 2015. Among other parameters, technical feasibility of the procedure, procedure-related complications, angiographic results, and clinical outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: PED placement was achieved in all cases and immediate angiography follow-up demonstrated intra-aneurysmal contrast stasis with parent artery preservation. A temporary episode of @entity6 was noted in one @entity0 . Major procedure-related complications were not observed. The 6-month follow-up (n=6) demonstrated complete/near-complete @entity4 in five @entity0 and partial obliteration in one. At the 1-year follow-up (n=5) stable complete @entity4 was seen in two @entity0 . Two cases showed progression from near complete @entity2 and partial @entity2 at 6 months to complete @entity2 and near complete @entity2 . One cases showed unchanged near complete @entity2 . No @entity4 , in-stent stenosis or @entity5 complication was seen. National Institutes of Health @entity1 Scale and modified Rankin scale scores remained unchanged from admission to discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary experience with the use of PED for the treatment of intradural VA dissecting @entity4 shows promising short-term results, making this technique a feasible and safe treatment option in @entity0 suitable for this approach. However, long-term and larger cohort studies are needed to validate these results.

title: Endovascular reconstruction of unruptured intradural vertebral artery dissecting XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: To assess the value of lead V4R during exercise testing for predicting proximal @entity2 of the right coronary artery, 107 @entity0 were studied. In all @entity0 , a Bruce exercise test with the simultaneous recording of leads I, II, @entity6 , V1, V4 and V6 was followed by coronary angiography. Apart from registering ST segment changes in the conventional leads, all @entity0 were classified according to absence or presence of an ST segment deviation of 1 mm or greater in lead V4R. Seventy-nine of the 107 @entity0 were studied because of inadequate control of @entity4 . Seven @entity0 had had @entity1 before 40 years of age. Twenty-one @entity0 were analyzed because of severe @entity3 . In the 46 @entity0 who had a previous @entity1 , the @entity5 location was inferior in 28 and anterior in 18. Seven of the 14 @entity0 without @entity1 and significant proximal @entity2 in the right coronary artery showed an ST segment deviation of 1 mm or greater in lead V4R during exercise. This was also observed in 11 of 18 @entity0 with an old inferior wall @entity5 and proximal occlusion of the right coronary artery. None of the 53 @entity0 without significant proximal @entity2 in the right coronary artery showed exercise-related ST segment changes in lead V4R. Exercise-related ST segment deviation in lead V4R had a sensitivity of 56%, a specificity of 96% and a predictive accuracy of 84% in recognizing proximal @entity2 in the right coronary artery. These observations indicate that the recording of lead V4R is of value for predicting or excluding proximal @entity2 in the right coronary artery.

title: Value of lead V4R in exercise testing to predict proximal XXXX of the right coronary artery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is common in primary care and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment of underlying @entity1 can reverse @entity2 and eliminate the associated risks. Electrocardiography is widely available and commonly used to screen @entity1 @entity0 for @entity2 , but it is limited by low sensitivity. Limited echocardiographic measurement of the left ventricle is a method for screening with improved sensitivity; however, it is not currently widely used in the primary care setting. This study attempts to test the accuracy of primary care physicians' (PCPs) measurements of the left ventricle using a pocket-sized ultrasound (pUS) device after a brief training session. METHODS: This study was performed in an outpatient cardiology clinic by 3 family medicine residents and 1 family medicine faculty member after a 4-hour training session. Measurements of the left ventricle were made by PCPs using a pUS device; these measurements were compared with cardiologists' measurements from images obtained by echocardiography technicians. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated based on these measurements and then compared between groups. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the mean LVMI calculations in the 2 groups. The agreement in measurements between the groups, however, showed high variability. This was manifested by the low sensitivity (70%) and specificity (76%) of PCPs in the detection of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that limited echocardiography for the detection of @entity2 performed by PCPs at the point of care was feasible. Future studies are needed to determine the ideal training and experience necessary to yield competency.

title: Assessment of Primary Care Physicians' Use of a Pocket Ultrasound DeviceTM to Measure Left Ventricular Mass in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is common in primary care and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment of underlying @entity1 can reverse @entity2 and eliminate the associated risks. Electrocardiography is widely available and commonly used to screen @entity1 @entity0 for @entity2 , but it is limited by low sensitivity. Limited echocardiographic measurement of the left ventricle is a method for screening with improved sensitivity; however, it is not currently widely used in the primary care setting. This study attempts to test the accuracy of primary care physicians' (PCPs) measurements of the left ventricle using a pocket-sized ultrasound (pUS) device after a brief training session. METHODS: This study was performed in an outpatient cardiology clinic by 3 family medicine residents and 1 family medicine faculty member after a 4-hour training session. Measurements of the left ventricle were made by PCPs using a pUS device; these measurements were compared with cardiologists' measurements from images obtained by echocardiography technicians. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated based on these measurements and then compared between groups. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the mean LVMI calculations in the 2 groups. The agreement in measurements between the groups, however, showed high variability. This was manifested by the low sensitivity (70%) and specificity (76%) of PCPs in the detection of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that limited echocardiography for the detection of @entity2 performed by PCPs at the point of care was feasible. Future studies are needed to determine the ideal training and experience necessary to yield competency.

title: Assessment of Primary Care Physicians' Use of a Pocket Ultrasound DeviceTM to Measure Left Ventricular Mass in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: An inadequate supply of physicians who perform colonoscopies contributes to suboptimal screening rates, especially among the underserved. This shortage could be reduced if primary care physicians perform colonoscopies. This purpose of this article is to report quality indicators from colonoscopy procedures performed by family medicine physicians as part of a @entity1 prevention program targeting uninsured, low-income individuals. METHODS: A grant-funded @entity1 screening program was implemented to increase access to affordable colonoscopies for underinsured or uninsured residents of target counties while providing colonoscopy training to family medicine resident physicians. Colonoscopies were performed or supervised by 4 board-certified family physicians. Data were collected between 2011 and 2014. RESULTS: A total of 1155 colonoscopies were performed on 1101 individuals over a 3-year period. Cecal intubation rate was 96.25%. @entity3 detection rates among @entity0 and @entity0 >50 years old were 38.15% and 25.96%, respectively. There was 1 perforation, which was referred to a hospital, and 1 instance of postprocedural @entity2 , which spontaneously resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Primary care physicians performing colonoscopies met the recommended quality indicators set forth by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

title: Expanding Access to XXXX Screening: Benchmarking Quality Indicators in a Primary Care Colonoscopy Program.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1 Conversation Map program includes 4 "board game-like" education tools. We describe how the Journey to Life Conversation Map Education Class improves @entity1 performance measures of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and blood pressure (BP). METHODS: Retrospective case-control study in a military family medicine clinic from January 2007 to January 2010. We included 202 @entity0 who completed >= 1 conversation map class and a comparison group of 209 @entity0 who did not attend. RESULTS: Attendees started with HbA1c 8.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.86-8.64) and decreased to 6.96 (95% CI, 6.69-7.23). @entity0 in the comparison group started at 8.57 (95% CI, 8.18-8.95) and decreased to 8.27 (95% CI, 8.01-8.54) (P < .001). Attendees began with LDL of 111 mg/dL (95% CI, 103-119) and decreased to 94 mg/dL (95% CI, 81-106). @entity0 in the comparison group started at 89 mg/dL (95% CI, 81-98) and increased to 98 mg/dL (95% CI, 85-110) (P < .007). Systolic BP decreased 5.4 mmHg among attendees versus 0.8 mmHg among those in the comparison group (P = .014), whereas diastolic BP was unchanged (P = .110). CONCLUSION: The Journey to Life Healthy Interactions Conversation Map Education Class for @entity1 improves @entity1 performance measures.

title: Participation in the Journey to Life Conversation Map Improves Control of Hypertension, XXXX , and Hypercholesterolemia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Studies have demonstrated increases in mRNA expression for inflammatory cytokines following exercise in @entity4 and have suggested those markers of @entity1 may play a role in delayed onset @entity3 . However, measurement of mRNA expression in white blood cells is an indirect method. No studies to date have documented the cytokine response to exercise directly in muscle in @entity4 . HYPOTHESIS: This study tested the hypothesis that exercise increases cytokine markers of @entity1 in blood and muscle. METHODS: Blood and muscle biopsies were obtained from 4 healthy, unfit Standardbred mares (    500 kg). The randomised crossover experiment was performed with the investigators performing the analysis blind to the treatment. Each @entity4 underwent either incremental exercise test (GXT) or standing parallel control with the trials performed one month apart. During the GXT @entity4 ran on a treadmill (1 m/s increases each min until fatigue, 6% grade). Blood and muscle biopsies were obtained 30 min before exercise, immediately after exercise and at 0.5, 1, 2, 6 and 24 h post GXT or at matched time points during the parallel control trials. Samples were analysed using real time-PCR for measurement of mRNA expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity0 @entity2 factor-alpha ( @entity5 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). Data were analysed using t tests with the null hypothesis rejected when P < 0.10. RESULTS: There were no changes (P > 0.10) in IL-1, @entity6 , @entity7 or @entity5 during control. Exercise induced significant increases in @entity7 , IL1 and @entity5 in blood and significant increases in @entity7 , @entity6 and @entity5 in muscle. There were no significant changes in mRNA expression of IL-1 in muscle or @entity6 in blood following the GXT. These cytokine markers of @entity1 all returned to preGXT levels by 24 h post GXT. CONCLUSION: High intensity exercise results in a transient increase in the expression of inflammatory cytokines in muscle and blood.

title: Exercise-induced increases in inflammatory cytokines in muscle and blood of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Sandy beaches are often considered good training surfaces for trotter @entity0 . However, their biomechanical effects on locomotion are insufficiently documented. Events at hoof impact have mostly been studied under laboratory conditions with accelerometers, but there is lack of data (acceleration, force, movement) on events occurring under every day practical conditions in the field. OBJECTIVES: To investigate hoof landing and stride parameters on different tracks (from wet to dry) of a sand beach and on an asphalt road. METHODS: The right front hoof of 4 trotter @entity0 was equipped with a triaxial accelerometer and a dynamometric horseshoe. Acceleration and force recordings (10 kHz) were synchronised with a high speed movie (600 Hz). @entity0 were driven on a sand beach where 3 tracks of decreasing water content had been delimited (from the sea to the shore): @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Firm wet sand and @entity2 were compared at 25 km/h and @entity1 compared to an asphalt road at 15 km/h. Recordings (10 strides) were randomly repeated 3 times. Statistical differences were tested using a GLM procedure (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Main significant results were 1) a decrease in the amplitude of the vertical deceleration (and force) of the hoof during impact on a softer surface (about 59% between @entity2 and @entity2 and 95% between @entity1 and asphalt), 2) a decrease in the longitudinal braking deceleration (and force) on softer grounds (50% for @entity2 vs. @entity2 and 55% for @entity1 vs. asphalt), 3) a decrease in the stride length and an increase in the stride frequency on a softer surface. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Drier sand surfaces reduce shock and impact forces during landing. For daily training, it should, however, be realised that improved damping characteristics are associated with a shorter stride length and a higher stride frequency.

title: Biomechanical analysis of hoof landing and stride parameters in harness trotter XXXX running on different tracks of a sand beach (from wet to dry) and on an asphalt road.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Fifty-seven digits in 18 hands of 14 @entity0 with @entity2 were retrospectively evaluated after surgical correction of @entity1 . Release of each hyperextension @entity1 was done via a previously described lateral band mobilization technique with temporary pin fixation of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and primary skin closure. Extension block splinting was used for 1 month after pin removal. Follow-up averaged 24 months. Twenty-two percent of the @entity0 were enthusiastic about their results, 56% were satisfied, 22% were equivocal, and none were dissatisfied. Maximum active flexion at the PIP joint averaged 55 degrees, and maximum extension averaged--10 degrees. The average distance from fingertip to distal palmar crease was 32 mm. Average grip strength was 10 kg of force in @entity0 and 4 kg in @entity0 . Step-cut lengthening of the central slip was associated with the development of a @entity1 and an unsatisfactory result in three digits. Even with narrowing of the PIP joint or @entity3 , which were found on 91% of roentgenograms, lateral band mobilization to correct @entity1 can predictably improve the function and cosmesis of @entity2 .

title: Correction of XXXX by lateral band mobilization.

answer: @entity2