abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an extended infusion of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 ( @entity4 ) has a greater effect to promote insulin secretion in type 2 @entity1 subjects than acute administration of the peptide. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Nine @entity1 subjects and nine nondiabetic volunteers of similar age and weight were studied in identical protocols. First-phase insulin release (FPIR; the incremental insulin response in the first 10 min after the intravenous @entity2 bolus) and second-phase insulin release (SPIR; the incremental insulin response from 10-60 min after intravenous @entity2 ) were measured during three separate intravenous @entity2 tolerance tests (IVGTTs): 1). without @entity4 (control); 2). with acute administration of @entity4 as a square wave starting just before @entity2 administration; and 3). with an extended infusion of @entity4 for 3 h before and during the IVGTT. RESULTS: In the subjects with @entity1 , FPIR was severely impaired-a defect that was only modestly improved by acute administration of @entity4 (197 +/- 97 vs. 539 +/- 218 pmol/l. min, P < 0.05), while SPIR was substantially increased (1952 +/- 512 vs. 8072 +/- 1664 pmol/l. min, P < 0.05). In contrast, the 3-h preinfusion of @entity4 normalized fasting @entity3 (7.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.6, P < 0.05), increased FPIR by 5- to 6-fold (197 +/- 97 vs. 1141 +/- 409 pmol/l. min, P < 0.05), and augmented SPIR significantly (1952 +/- 512 vs. 4026 +/- 851 pmol/l. min, P < 0.05), but to a lesser degree than the acute administration of @entity4 . In addition, only the 3-h @entity4 preinfusion significantly improved intravenous @entity2 tolerance (K(g) control 0.61 +/- 0.04, acute infusion 0.71 +/- 0.04, P = NS; 3-h infusion 0.92 +/- 0.08%/min, P < 0.05). These findings were also noted in the nondiabetic subjects in whom acute administration of @entity4 significantly increased SPIR relative to the control IVGTT (9439 +/- 2885 vs. 31553 +/- 11660 pmol/l. min, P < 0.001) with less effect on FPIR (3221 +/- 918 vs. 4917 +/- 1614 pmol/l. min, P = 0.075), while the 3-h preinfusion of @entity4 significantly increased both FPIR (3221 +/- 918 vs. 7948 +/- 2647 pmol/l. min, P < 0.01) and SPIR (9439 +/- 2885 vs. 21997 +/- 9849 pmol/l. min, P < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Extended administration of @entity4 not only augments @entity2 -stimulated insulin secretion, but also shifts the dynamics of the insulin response to earlier release in both @entity1 and nondiabetic @entity0 . The restitution of some FPIR in subjects with type 2 @entity1 is associated with significantly improved @entity2 tolerance. These findings demonstrate the benefits of a 3-h infusion of @entity4 on beta-cell function beyond those of an acute insulin secretagogue, and support the development of strategies using continuous or prolonged @entity5 agonism for treating @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Differential effects of acute and extended infusions of glucagon-like peptide-1 on first- and second-phase insulin secretion in XXXX and nondiabetic @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an extended infusion of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 ( @entity4 ) has a greater effect to promote insulin secretion in type 2 @entity1 subjects than acute administration of the peptide. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Nine @entity1 subjects and nine nondiabetic volunteers of similar age and weight were studied in identical protocols. First-phase insulin release (FPIR; the incremental insulin response in the first 10 min after the intravenous @entity2 bolus) and second-phase insulin release (SPIR; the incremental insulin response from 10-60 min after intravenous @entity2 ) were measured during three separate intravenous @entity2 tolerance tests (IVGTTs): 1). without @entity4 (control); 2). with acute administration of @entity4 as a square wave starting just before @entity2 administration; and 3). with an extended infusion of @entity4 for 3 h before and during the IVGTT. RESULTS: In the subjects with @entity1 , FPIR was severely impaired-a defect that was only modestly improved by acute administration of @entity4 (197 +/- 97 vs. 539 +/- 218 pmol/l. min, P < 0.05), while SPIR was substantially increased (1952 +/- 512 vs. 8072 +/- 1664 pmol/l. min, P < 0.05). In contrast, the 3-h preinfusion of @entity4 normalized fasting @entity3 (7.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.6, P < 0.05), increased FPIR by 5- to 6-fold (197 +/- 97 vs. 1141 +/- 409 pmol/l. min, P < 0.05), and augmented SPIR significantly (1952 +/- 512 vs. 4026 +/- 851 pmol/l. min, P < 0.05), but to a lesser degree than the acute administration of @entity4 . In addition, only the 3-h @entity4 preinfusion significantly improved intravenous @entity2 tolerance (K(g) control 0.61 +/- 0.04, acute infusion 0.71 +/- 0.04, P = NS; 3-h infusion 0.92 +/- 0.08%/min, P < 0.05). These findings were also noted in the nondiabetic subjects in whom acute administration of @entity4 significantly increased SPIR relative to the control IVGTT (9439 +/- 2885 vs. 31553 +/- 11660 pmol/l. min, P < 0.001) with less effect on FPIR (3221 +/- 918 vs. 4917 +/- 1614 pmol/l. min, P = 0.075), while the 3-h preinfusion of @entity4 significantly increased both FPIR (3221 +/- 918 vs. 7948 +/- 2647 pmol/l. min, P < 0.01) and SPIR (9439 +/- 2885 vs. 21997 +/- 9849 pmol/l. min, P < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Extended administration of @entity4 not only augments @entity2 -stimulated insulin secretion, but also shifts the dynamics of the insulin response to earlier release in both @entity1 and nondiabetic @entity0 . The restitution of some FPIR in subjects with type 2 @entity1 is associated with significantly improved @entity2 tolerance. These findings demonstrate the benefits of a 3-h infusion of @entity4 on beta-cell function beyond those of an acute insulin secretagogue, and support the development of strategies using continuous or prolonged @entity5 agonism for treating @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Differential effects of acute and extended infusions of glucagon-like peptide-1 on first- and second-phase insulin secretion in @entity1 and nondiabetic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Microsurgical clipping of @entity2 requires meticulous technique and is usually performed through open approaches. Endoscopic endonasal clipping of @entity2 may utilize the same techniques through an alternative corridor. The aim of this manuscript is to report a series of @entity0 who underwent EEA for microsurgical clipping of @entity2 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review. Surgical outcome and complications were noted. The conceptual application and the technical nuances of these procedures were discussed. RESULTS: Ten @entity0 underwent EEA for clipping of 11 @entity2 arising from the paraclinoidal ICA (n=9) and vertebrobasilar system (n=2). The ICA @entity3 projected medially whereas the vertebrobasilar artery @entity3 were directly ventral to the brainstem with low-lying basilar apices. One @entity0 required craniotomy for distal control given the size and thrombosed nature of the @entity3 . Proximal and distal vascular control with direct visualization of the @entity3 was obtained in all cases. In all cases, @entity3 were @entity5 . Among complications, three @entity0 had postoperative CSF leakage and two further complicated with @entity4 . Two @entity0 suffered @entity1 . One recovered completely and the other remains with mild disabling symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: EEAs can provide direct access for microsurgical clipping of rare and carefully selected @entity2 . The basic principles of cerebrovascular surgery have to be followed throughout the procedure. These surgeries require a skull base team with a neurosurgeon well versed in both endoscopic endonasal and cerebrovascular surgery working in concert with an otolaryngologist experienced in skull base endoscopy and reconstruction.

title: Endoscopic endonasal clipping of XXXX : Surgical Technique and Results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Previous studies on X-ray-induced @entity5 -3 mutations induced in heterokaryon 12 of @entity4 showed that they consisted of gene/point mutations, multilocus deletion mutations, and 3 different genotypic classes of multiple-locus mutations (designated [-3]IR + RLCL, ad-3R + RLCL, and ad-3R + RL). In the present paper, multiple-locus mutations consisting of gene/point mutations at the ad-3A or the ad-3B locus with sites of recessive lethal damage closely linked to the ad-3 region (designated ad-3R + RLCL) or with sites of recessive lethal damage elsewhere in the genome (designated ad-3R + RL) were analyzed to determine whether they resulted from mutations at the same sites or different sites throughout the genome. It was assumed that if the recessive lethal mutations in individual multiple-locus mutations showed complementation on @entity5 -supplemented medium, they resulted from mutations at different sites. Multiple-locus mutations from both major genotypic classes were combined, as forced heterokaryons, in all possible pairwise combinations and then were plated out on @entity5 -supplemented medium. These studies indicated that 89.3% (50/56) of the recessive lethal mutations in these 2 classes of multiple-locus mutations complement one another. Thus, they are presumed to have resulted predominantly from @entity2 at different sites throughout the genome. Within the group of 20 multiple-locus mutations that did not complement in various pairwise combinations, 90% (18/20) appear to map in a region, distal to the ad-3 region, defined by a series of overlapping multilocus deletion mutations in 6 mutations of genotype ad-3R + RLCL. The other 10% (2/20) are located elsewhere on Linkage Group I or elsewhere in the genome. The present data base on multiple-locus mutations is unique; such events either can not be detected, or can only be detected with difficulty, in other eukaryotic specific-locus assay systems such as @entity0 cells in culture, @entity3 or @entity1 . Our data on X-ray-induced ad-3 specific-locus mutations from the present and previous studies demonstrate the presence of additional sites of @entity2 , both closely linked with the ad-3 region or elsewhere in the genome, in ad-3 specific-locus mutations. Because the frequencies of each class of multiple-locus mutations is dose-dependent, they must be taken into account in genetic risk assessment exercises. Failure to acknowledge the presence of such additional sites of @entity2 in the utilization of specific-locus data could result in underestimation of the risk of @entity0 exposure to environmental mutagens.

title: X-ray-induced specific-locus mutations in the ad-3 region of two-component heterokaryons of XXXX . XII. Analysis of multiple-locus ad-3 mutations reveals a nonrandom distribution of the separate sites of recessive lethal damage throughout the genome.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3)-positive multipotent mesenchymal cells (multilineage differentiating stress-enduring [Muse] cells) were isolated from cultured @entity0 adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) and characterized, and their therapeutic potential for treating @entity6 was evaluated. Cultured hASCs were separated using magnetic-activated cell sorting into positive and negative fractions, a SSEA-3(+) cell-enriched fraction (Muse-rich) and the remaining fraction (Muse-poor). Muse-rich hASCs showed upregulated and downregulated pluripotency and cell proliferation genes, respectively, compared with Muse-poor hASCs. These cells also released higher amounts of certain growth factors, particularly under @entity5 conditions, compared with Muse-poor cells. Skin ulcers were generated in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity2 with type 1 @entity1 , which showed delayed wound @entity3 compared with nondiabetic @entity4 @entity2 . Treatment with Muse-rich cells significantly accelerated wound @entity3 compared with treatment with Muse-poor cells. Transplanted cells were integrated into the regenerated dermis as vascular endothelial cells and other cells. However, they were not detected in the surrounding intact regions. Thus, the selected population of ASCs has greater therapeutic effects to accelerate impaired wound @entity3 associated with type 1 @entity1 . These cells can be achieved in large amounts with minimal morbidity and could be a practical tool for a variety of stem cell-depleted or ischemic conditions of various organs and tissues.

title: Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived SSEA-3-Positive Muse Cells for Treating XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: A previous @entity1 trial showed that @entity0 treated with repeated fibrin glue injection for @entity1 have significantly less rebleeding than those treated with @entity3 . OBJECTIVE: To analyse the cost and effectiveness of repeated fibrin glue injection and to investigate whether these results change physicians' attitudes. DESIGN: A retrospective random sample of five hospitals from the previous study, collection of cost identification, and follow-up data on 320 @entity0 (155 in the @entity3 group, 165 in the fibrin glue group). METHODS: An incremental cost-effectiveness analysis and comparison of outcomes was performed using chi-squared tests and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. A survey was carried out using a questionnaire in the five hospitals on local guidelines for management of @entity2 , and its results were analysed qualitatively. The measure of effectiveness is the number of prevented rebleedings. Further variables were length of hospital stay and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. RESULTS: The cost for the prevention of one additional rebleeding by repeated fibrin glue treatment amounts to 14,316 +/- 4981 @entity4 (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio). There were no significant differences in length of stays in ICU or in hospital. The physicians did not change their management plans for @entity0 with @entity1 . In a survey, it was seen that other factors, such as local guidelines, attitudes towards new treatment options, and ease of handling of drugs, are more important than a result of a single study for a behavioural change of the doctors. CONCLUSIONS: The study was not designed prospectively to address a pharmacoeconomic question. As relevant variables (e.g. length of ICU stay) could not be reliably ascertained retrospectively, this may lead to biased estimates of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.

title: From clinical evidence to everyday practice: implementing findings from a cost-effectiveness analysis for endoscopic injection therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Diseases of the prostate are of high socioeconomic importance owing to their high incidence and prevalence rates. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) can be detected in 80% of males over the age of 80. Clinical symptoms do not correlate with organ enlargement. Only 10% of @entity0 with @entity3 need surgical treatment. The decision for surgical treatment is made as a result of objective findings and the symptoms reported by the @entity0 . Preoperative evaluation of @entity3 must include digital rectal examination (DRE), measurement of peak flow rate, sonographic estimation of residual urine, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), urethrocystography and the assessment of subjective complaints using symptom scores. @entity2 is the most common @entity1 in @entity0 . An abnormal DRE, increased PSA level and/or hypoechogenic lesions in TRUS are indications for prostate biopsy. The sensitivity of TRUS is superior to that of CT and MRI. New MRI techniques are promising with regard to local @entity1 extent. Whereas CT and MRI are not useful in screening of @entity0 , these methods are valuable diagnostic tools in the follow-up of @entity2 .

title: [The value of diagnostic imaging in @entity3 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Diseases of the prostate are of high socioeconomic importance owing to their high incidence and prevalence rates. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) can be detected in 80% of males over the age of 80. Clinical symptoms do not correlate with organ enlargement. Only 10% of @entity0 with @entity3 need surgical treatment. The decision for surgical treatment is made as a result of objective findings and the symptoms reported by the @entity0 . Preoperative evaluation of @entity3 must include digital rectal examination (DRE), measurement of peak flow rate, sonographic estimation of residual urine, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), urethrocystography and the assessment of subjective complaints using symptom scores. @entity2 is the most common @entity1 in @entity0 . An abnormal DRE, increased PSA level and/or hypoechogenic lesions in TRUS are indications for prostate biopsy. The sensitivity of TRUS is superior to that of CT and MRI. New MRI techniques are promising with regard to local @entity1 extent. Whereas CT and MRI are not useful in screening of @entity0 , these methods are valuable diagnostic tools in the follow-up of @entity2 .

title: [The value of diagnostic imaging in XXXX and @entity2 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of jejunostomy during esophagectomy for @entity1 on postoperative health-related quality of life (HRQL). METHODS: We evaluate all consecutive @entity0 who underwent esophagectomy for @entity1 at the surgical oncology unit of the Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS) between January 2008 and March 2014. The primary outcome was HRQL, which was assessed using nine scales of EORTC C30 and OES18 questionnaires. General linear models were estimated to evaluate mean score difference (MD) of each selected scale in @entity0 with and without jejunostomy, adjusting for clinically relevant confounders. The secondary outcomes were morbidity, hospital stay, postoperative @entity3 . RESULTS: Jejunostomy was performed in 40 on 109 @entity0 (41.3%) who participated in quality of life investigation. A clinically and statistically significantly worse eating at admission (P=0.009) became not clinically significant at 3 months after surgery (MD =9.1). Jejunostomy was associated to clinically and statistically significantly poorer emotional function (EF) at 3 months after surgery (MD =-15.6; P=0.04). Hospital stay was longer in jejunostomy group (median, 20 vs. 17 days, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In our series @entity0 who had a jejunostomy during esophagectomy had been selected for their risk for @entity2 . However, their postoperative outcome was actually similar compared to those without jejunostomy. Nevertheless, jejunostomy was associated to clinically and statistically significantly poorer EF at 3 months after surgery. Therefore, @entity0 candidate to esophagectomy and feeding jejunostomy should receive additional psychological support.

title: Impact of jejunostomy during esophagectomy for XXXX on health related quality of life.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the results of vitrectomy in @entity1 and to check whether systematic intra- and/or @entity2 is necessary in most cases. @entity0 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 108 @entity0 records (137 eyes) of vitrectomy performed for complications of @entity1 between 1982 and 2000. Fifty-eight percent of the @entity0 were @entity0 . The average age was 44 years. Sixty percent of the @entity0 presented with @entity7 . Only 39% of the eyes had complete preoperative panretinal photocoagulation. Preoperative visual acuity was lower than 2/200 in 81% of eyes, 27% presenting initially with traction @entity6 involving the macula. The surgical technique used was segmentation-delamination. Endodiathermy was necessary in 45% of the eyes and intraoperative photocoagulation was not performed. @entity2 was carried out in only 9% of the eyes. RESULTS: Results were analyzed with an average follow-up of 66 months. Anatomical success was obtained in 69% of the eyes, with 55% visual improvement. These results were unchanging at long-term follow-up in 95% of the eyes studied. @entity5 were observed in 8% of the eyes. @entity3 were dominated by single (8%) or recurrent @entity4 (8%). The rate of postoperative @entity8 was approximately 5%. These results are similar to the rates reported by other authors using intraoperative endophotocoagulation. CONCLUSION: Intra- and/or @entity2 should not be systematic but reserved for management of @entity5 and also for extensive panretinal photocoagulation in recurrent @entity4 .

title: [Should associated intraoperative and/or XXXX be systematic during or after vitrectomy for @entity1 ?].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the results of vitrectomy in @entity1 and to check whether systematic intra- and/or @entity2 is necessary in most cases. @entity0 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 108 @entity0 records (137 eyes) of vitrectomy performed for complications of @entity1 between 1982 and 2000. Fifty-eight percent of the @entity0 were @entity0 . The average age was 44 years. Sixty percent of the @entity0 presented with @entity7 . Only 39% of the eyes had complete preoperative panretinal photocoagulation. Preoperative visual acuity was lower than 2/200 in 81% of eyes, 27% presenting initially with traction @entity6 involving the macula. The surgical technique used was segmentation-delamination. Endodiathermy was necessary in 45% of the eyes and intraoperative photocoagulation was not performed. @entity2 was carried out in only 9% of the eyes. RESULTS: Results were analyzed with an average follow-up of 66 months. Anatomical success was obtained in 69% of the eyes, with 55% visual improvement. These results were unchanging at long-term follow-up in 95% of the eyes studied. @entity5 were observed in 8% of the eyes. @entity3 were dominated by single (8%) or recurrent @entity4 (8%). The rate of postoperative @entity8 was approximately 5%. These results are similar to the rates reported by other authors using intraoperative endophotocoagulation. CONCLUSION: Intra- and/or @entity2 should not be systematic but reserved for management of @entity5 and also for extensive panretinal photocoagulation in recurrent @entity4 .

title: [Should associated intraoperative and/or @entity2 be systematic during or after vitrectomy for XXXX ?].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Selective management has been the standard management protocol in penetrating @entity4 (PNIs) since this approach has significantly reduced unnecessary neck exploration. The purpose of this study is to evaluate outcomes of selective management in PNIs using the "no zone" approach, in which the management is guided mainly by clinical signs and symptoms, not the location of the neck wounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in @entity0 treated for PNIs at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH) from January 2003 to December 2013. The @entity0 with hard signs of @entity4 (i.e., active @entity1 , significant haematoma, massive @entity3 , and air bubbling through the neck wound) underwent emergency neck exploration. The asymptomatic @entity0 and the @entity0 with soft signs (other symptoms) were considered to be candidates for selective management. Data collection included demographic data, emergency department parameters, details of @entity4 , and outcomes in terms of mortality, negative exploration rate, and missed injury rate. RESULTS: Eighty-six PNI @entity0 were treated at KCMH from 2003 to 2013, 64 of which sustained stab wounds, 12 gunshot wounds, 4 shotgun wounds, and 6 other causes. Thirty-six @entity0 presenting with hard signs underwent immediate neck exploration and there were 2 negative explorations. Twenty-six @entity0 with soft signs underwent selective investigations (including computed tomographic angiography in 21 @entity0 ), 5 @entity0 required neck explorations due to positive results of the investigations with one negative exploration. All of the twenty-four asymptomatic @entity0 were managed with close observation, none required subsequent neck exploration. There was no missed injury found in the present study. Successful non-operative management was carried out in 45 @entity0 (52%). The overall negative exploration rate was 7% (3 in 41 @entity0 undergoing neck exploration). Two @entity0 with hard signs died from associated @entity2 (mortality rate 2%). CONCLUSION: Selective management of penetrating @entity4 based on physical examination and selective use of investigations (no zone approach) is safe and simple with low negative exploration rate and no missed injury.

title: Selective management of penetrating XXXX using "no zone" approach.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Herein we report the clinicopathological features of four cases of @entity3 that appeared at our institution during a period of 30 years. The @entity0 , 2 males and 2 females, were 50-62 years old. @entity1 was found in the pulmonary trunk and right pulmonary artery in all cases, in the @entity3 in three of the four cases, and in the right ventricular outflow tract in one case. There was direct extension or metastases to the lungs in two cases, the heart in one case, mediastinum or lymph nodes in two cases and the pleura in one case. Ultrastructural examination in one case revealed cells with features of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts. Immunohistochemical examination of three cases gave the following results: @entity5 and smooth muscle specific actin was positive in all three cases, @entity6 in one case and cytokeratin in one case. No positivity was found for Factor VIII. This and other studies indicate that histologically most pulmonary @entity2 are @entity4 or "undifferentiated @entity2 ". Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations favour an origin from myofibroblasts, probably derived from multipotent (undifferentiated) cells in the wall of the vessel. Most lesions show extensive intrathoracic growth although they rarely metastasize outside the thoracic cavity. They have a poor prognosis although some cases are currently being diagnosed during life.

title: XXXX : report of four cases with electron microscopic and immunohistochemical examinations, and review of the literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Shigella species are a common cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide and the disease is characterized by seasonality. Shigella has been encountered by widespread resistance to commonly used antibiotics which is a serious concern. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological relatedness of Shigella strains isolated from @entity0 during one year period by @entity3 method and to investigate antimicrobial resistance determinants and cassettes among Shigella species. The occurrence of Shigella spp. in the present study was 1.32% during the study period and the majority of cases (56 (80%)) were occurred during autumn while @entity2 was the most prevalent species identified. Multi-drug resistance phenotype was seen in 98.5% of total isolates with SXT(r)/TE(r)/TMP(r) resistance pattern. Among the 70 Shigella spp. analyzed in this study, 16 isolates were positive for class I integron (int1(+)) with two types of gene cassette arrays (dfrA17/aadA5 and dfrA7).The class 2 integron was more frequently detected among the isolates (85.71%) with dfrA1/sat1/aadA1 (10%) and dfrA1/sat1 (75.71%) gene cassettes. The tetA and tetB determinants were observed in 75.7% and 21.42% of Shigella isolates and tet(A) was the foremost in @entity2 and @entity1 population. In this study 5 tetracycline resistant isolates had no tetracycline resistance gene (A-D) and no association was recognized between the value of MIC against tetracycline and the tet genes content of isolates. Fifty three of total Shigella isolates (75.7%) showed an identical @entity3 patterns. Seven @entity3 clusters observed in our study were composed of members with one to three band variations, which is indicative of closely related isolates. The major cluster (cluster C) constituted 75.7% of total isolates, all of which (except eight isolates) consonantly showed identical class 2 integron of 1500 bp which strongly suggests the dissemination of a single @entity2 clone among the pediatric population in 2012 autumn in Tehran, Iran, in comparison with the equal data from the comparable time period from recent years.

title: Clonal dissemination of a single XXXX among Iranian @entity0 during Fall 2012 in Tehran, I.R. Iran.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Shigella species are a common cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide and the disease is characterized by seasonality. Shigella has been encountered by widespread resistance to commonly used antibiotics which is a serious concern. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological relatedness of Shigella strains isolated from @entity0 during one year period by @entity3 method and to investigate antimicrobial resistance determinants and cassettes among Shigella species. The occurrence of Shigella spp. in the present study was 1.32% during the study period and the majority of cases (56 (80%)) were occurred during autumn while @entity2 was the most prevalent species identified. Multi-drug resistance phenotype was seen in 98.5% of total isolates with SXT(r)/TE(r)/TMP(r) resistance pattern. Among the 70 Shigella spp. analyzed in this study, 16 isolates were positive for class I integron (int1(+)) with two types of gene cassette arrays (dfrA17/aadA5 and dfrA7).The class 2 integron was more frequently detected among the isolates (85.71%) with dfrA1/sat1/aadA1 (10%) and dfrA1/sat1 (75.71%) gene cassettes. The tetA and tetB determinants were observed in 75.7% and 21.42% of Shigella isolates and tet(A) was the foremost in @entity2 and @entity1 population. In this study 5 tetracycline resistant isolates had no tetracycline resistance gene (A-D) and no association was recognized between the value of MIC against tetracycline and the tet genes content of isolates. Fifty three of total Shigella isolates (75.7%) showed an identical @entity3 patterns. Seven @entity3 clusters observed in our study were composed of members with one to three band variations, which is indicative of closely related isolates. The major cluster (cluster C) constituted 75.7% of total isolates, all of which (except eight isolates) consonantly showed identical class 2 integron of 1500 bp which strongly suggests the dissemination of a single @entity2 clone among the pediatric population in 2012 autumn in Tehran, Iran, in comparison with the equal data from the comparable time period from recent years.

title: Clonal dissemination of a single @entity2 among Iranian XXXX during Fall 2012 in Tehran, I.R. Iran.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated how the flexural strength and @entity0 behavior of a zirconia-based ceramic (Y-TZP) were affected by pre- and post-sintering mechanical and thermal treatments. METHODS: Treatments included sandblasting with different particle size and type (30 m @entity1 ; 50 and 110 m @entity2 ) and thermal conditioning. Two hundred bar-shaped specimens of pre-sintered Y-TZP ceramic (Lava Frame, 3M) were prepared (specimen dimensions: 25mm length*4mm width*0.7mm thickness) and divided into three groups (before sintering, after sintering and after sintering with heating treatment). The before sintering group specimens were airborne-particle abraded prior to dense sintering. Specimens from the after sintering group were airborne-particle abraded after sintering. The after sintering with heating treatment group specimens were submitted to a heating procedure after airborne-particle abrasion. The controls were the specimens that were sintered and not treated with any conditioning procedures. The specimens from all experimental conditions were analyzed by SEM, CLSM and XRD. All specimens were tested in four-point bending. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc tests (a=0.05). A Weibull analysis was used to analyze the strength reliability. RESULTS: Sandblasting pre-sintered zirconia before sintering significantly decreased the flexural strength, except when the smallest blasting particles were used (30 m @entity1 ). Phase transformation (t-m) was observed after sandblasting and reverse transformation (m-t) was observed after heating. SIGNIFICANCE: Sandblasting with 30 m @entity1 and 50 m @entity2 allowed lower phase transformation. However, 30mm @entity1 presented better reliability.

title: The effect of air-abrasion and heat treatment on the XXXX behavior of Y-TZP.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 is treated with nephropexy, a surgical procedure through which the floating kidney is fixed to the retroperitoneum. Although both open and endoscopic procedures have a high success rate, they can be associated with risk of complications, relatively long hospital stay and high cost. AIM: We describe our percutaneous technique for fixing @entity1 and evaluate the efficacy of the percutaneous nephrostomy insertion in management of symptomatic nephroptosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between January 2005 and December 2011, 11 @entity0 diagnosed with a symptomatic right nephroptosis of at least 1 year duration were treated with a single point percutaneous nephrostomy technique. All data were retrieved from @entity0 ' medical records and then retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: Nephropexy through a single point percutaneous nephrostomy technique was successfully accomplished in 11 @entity0 . The mean operative time was 20 min. The intraoperative estimated @entity3 was minimal in all cases. No major or @entity4 were noted. The average postoperative hospital stay was 2 days. @entity0 returned to their usual activities 14 days following the surgery. Nine @entity0 had complete resolution of their @entity2 , and 2 @entity0 continued to complain of discomfort in their lumbar area. One @entity0 was re-operated upon with satisfactory subjective and objective outcomes achieved. One @entity0 refused re-operation. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous nephropexy is simple, inexpensive and effective for treatment of @entity1 . It remains a valuable alternative to open, laparoscopic, and robotic methods for fixing a floating kidney.

title: Percutaneous nephrostomy for XXXX : a single centre experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 contain multiple cell types including smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes. The development of an extralymphatic T lymphocyte focus of @entity1 in this condition requires chemoattractant-induced cell migration and growth factor-induced cell activation. In a previous study, we described a novel 13-15-kDa T lymphocyte-specific chemotactic cytokine, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), secreted by @entity5 -stimulated @entity3 aortic endothelial cells that is distinct from previously identified endothelial cell-derived interleukins (IL) 1, 6, and 8. Because of the association between T lymphocyte chemotactic and growth factor activity, in the current study we investigated the effect of @entity6 on T cell growth. We assessed its capacity to induce markers of the passage of T cells from the resting (G0) state into the G1 phase of the cell cycle, such as receptors for @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and class II major histocompatibility complex antigens (HLA-DR). Incubation of G0 freshly isolated @entity0 T lymphocytes for 48 h with chromatographically resolved, partially purified @entity6 resulted in a threefold increase in expression of the @entity7 subunit of @entity7 , a threefold increase in @entity2 , and a twofold increase in HLA-DR. Passage into the G1 phase of the cell cycle was confirmed by cell cycle analysis employing @entity8 . Evaluation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets by double-antibody labeling demonstrated that the @entity7 subunit of @entity7 was induced in both T cell subsets. Although incubation of @entity0 T cells with @entity6 alone did not induce proliferation, addition of exogenous @entity7 to T cells pulsed with @entity6 for 24 h caused a proliferative response with a stimulation index of 3. By up-regulating functional cell surface receptors for @entity7 , @entity6 is a competence growth factor for T lymphocytes and primes them to respond to @entity7 . By virtue of its effect on T cells, as a chemotactic and competence factor, this endothelial cell-derived mitoattractant could participate with other T cell growth factors like @entity7 in the recruitment and amplification of the extralymphatic T cell component of @entity4 .

title: XXXX -stimulated aortic endothelial cells secrete a novel T lymphocyte chemotactic and growth factor.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Total elbow arthroplasty is an established option for the primary treatment of @entity2 , but there are sparse data regarding @entity6 ( @entity6 ) as an alternative. We present the outcome of @entity6 performed with a modular anatomic prosthesis and a "triceps-on" surgical technique. METHODS: Eighteen consecutive @entity0 underwent @entity6 for an acute @entity2 . Two @entity0 died, leaving a study group of 16 @entity0 with minimum 2-year follow-up. Clinical evaluation included range of motion; Mayo Elbow Performance Score; Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score; and Oxford Elbow Score. Radiographic assessment looked at alignment, evidence of loosening, ulnar and radial head wear, @entity4 , and whether healing of the condyles had occurred. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 35  months (24-79  months). The mean scores were as follows: Mayo Elbow Performance Score, 89.6; shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score, 11.2; and Oxford Elbow Score, 43.7. The mean flexion and pronation-supination arcs were 116   and 172   respectively. Radial head wear was absent in 13 @entity0 and mild in 3. Ulnar wear was absent in 6 @entity0 , mild in 8, and moderate in 2. Wear was not associated with @entity1 or inferior functional scores. There was no sign of @entity3 , and complete condylar bone union occurred in 15 elbows. There was 1 complication, a transient @entity5 that resolved without intervention. CONCLUSION: @entity6 with a modular anatomic implant using a triceps-on approach is a reliable technique for the management of acute unreconstructible @entity2 in older @entity0 .

title: Elbow hemiarthroplasty using a "triceps-on" approach for the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: RATIONALE: b2-Agonists are the most common form of treatment of @entity0 , but there is significant variability in response to these medications. A significant proportion of this responsiveness may be heritable. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether a genome-wide association study (GWAS) could identify novel pharmacogenetic loci in @entity0 . METHODS: We performed a GWAS of acute bronchodilator response (BDR) to inhaled b2-agonists. A total of 444,088 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined in 724 individuals from the SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe) Asthma Resource Project ( @entity1 ). The top 50 SNPs were carried forward to replication in a population of 444 individuals. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The combined P value for four SNPs reached statistical genome-wide significance aftercorrecting for multiple comparisons. Combined P values for @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity5 were 2.21   *   10(-10), 5.75   *   10(-8), 9.3   *   10(-8), and 3.95   *   10(-8), respectively. The significant variants all map to a novel genetic region on chromosome 2 near the @entity6 gene, a region associated with smooth muscle proliferation. As compared with the wild type, the presence of the minor alleles reduced the degree of BDR by 20% in the original population and by a similar percentage in the confirmatory population. CONCLUSIONS: These GWAS findings for BDR in subjects with @entity0 suggest that a gene associated with smooth muscle proliferation may influence a proportion of the smooth muscle relaxation that occurs in @entity0 .

title: Genome-wide association study of short-acting b2-agonists. A novel genome-wide significant locus on chromosome 2 near XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied transplacental passage of @entity2 ( @entity4 ; LTG) using an ex vivo @entity0 placental perfusion method and in in vivo samples. METHODS: Term placentas from healthy mothers without medications were perfused in a recirculating dual perfusion system. LTG (2.5 microg/ml, n=4; 10 microg/ml, n=4) and reference compound @entity3 (100 microg/ml) were added into the maternal circulation. The disappearance of drugs from the maternal circulation and appearance into the foetal circulation was followed every 15 min up to 2 h. Drug concentrations were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition to @entity0 placental perfusions, we analysed LTG concentrations in maternal vein and cord blood samples after delivery from two @entity1 mothers receiving LTG therapy during pregnancy. RESULTS: LTG was detectable in the foetal circulation at 15 min in all of the perfusions, indicating rapid transfer. Maternal and foetal concentrations reached equilibrium at 60 min with both concentrations used. The feto-maternal ratio was 1.26+/-0.20 with 10 microg/ml LTG and 0.83+/-0.41 with 2.5 microg/ml LTG at the end of the perfusion. The transfer of LTG from the maternal to the foetal compartment at 120 min was 28.9+/-10.7% with 2.5 microg/ml LTG and 37.8+/-3.2% with 10 microg/ml LTG (p>0.05). In the serum samples from @entity1 mothers, the cord blood maternal concentration ratio was 1.02 in one pair and 1.55 in the other. CONCLUSIONS: LTG crossed the placenta easily and rapidly, indicating that the maternal treatment leads to a considerable foetal exposure.

title: Transplacental passage of XXXX in a @entity0 placental perfusion system in vitro and in maternal and cord blood in vivo.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied transplacental passage of @entity2 ( @entity4 ; LTG) using an ex vivo @entity0 placental perfusion method and in in vivo samples. METHODS: Term placentas from healthy mothers without medications were perfused in a recirculating dual perfusion system. LTG (2.5 microg/ml, n=4; 10 microg/ml, n=4) and reference compound @entity3 (100 microg/ml) were added into the maternal circulation. The disappearance of drugs from the maternal circulation and appearance into the foetal circulation was followed every 15 min up to 2 h. Drug concentrations were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition to @entity0 placental perfusions, we analysed LTG concentrations in maternal vein and cord blood samples after delivery from two @entity1 mothers receiving LTG therapy during pregnancy. RESULTS: LTG was detectable in the foetal circulation at 15 min in all of the perfusions, indicating rapid transfer. Maternal and foetal concentrations reached equilibrium at 60 min with both concentrations used. The feto-maternal ratio was 1.26+/-0.20 with 10 microg/ml LTG and 0.83+/-0.41 with 2.5 microg/ml LTG at the end of the perfusion. The transfer of LTG from the maternal to the foetal compartment at 120 min was 28.9+/-10.7% with 2.5 microg/ml LTG and 37.8+/-3.2% with 10 microg/ml LTG (p>0.05). In the serum samples from @entity1 mothers, the cord blood maternal concentration ratio was 1.02 in one pair and 1.55 in the other. CONCLUSIONS: LTG crossed the placenta easily and rapidly, indicating that the maternal treatment leads to a considerable foetal exposure.

title: Transplacental passage of @entity2 in a XXXX placental perfusion system in vitro and in maternal and cord blood in vivo.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background : Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising therapy for cardiac repair. However, the efficacy is limited by the poor viability of MSCs in the infarcted heart. Recent findings have implicated that @entity5 ( @entity7 ) enhanced the survival of the stem cells under various conditions. However, as the stem cells in these studies were animal-derived, little information is available about the effects of @entity7 on @entity0 MSCs. Herein, we propose that @entity7 may protect @entity0 MSCs against apoptosis induced by @entity1 /Serum deprivation (H/SD). Methods: @entity0 umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) from Wharton's jelly were pretreated with 10  M @entity7 of H/SD with or without the @entity3 inhibitor @entity6 . The morphological changes were assessed using Hoechst 33342. Apoptosis was evaluated via @entity8 /PI staining; and apoptosis-related proteins were detected using Western-blot. Protein chip technology was used to screen for differences between the cell supernatants. Results : @entity7 had a significant protective effect against H/SD-induced apoptosis, accompanied by an increase in @entity4 and p- @entity3 . The @entity7 -mediated anti-apoptotic effect on MSCs could be attenuated by treatment with @entity6 . Moreover, protein chip assays showed that @entity7 treatment increased the paracrine functions of MSCs. Conclusion : @entity5 protects @entity0 UC-MSCs from H/SD-induced apoptosis via the @entity3 pathway and may therefore be a potentially useful therapeutic adjunct for transplanting MSCs into damaged heart after @entity2 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: @entity5 Protects Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against XXXX and Serum Deprivation Induced Apoptosis by Activation of @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background : Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising therapy for cardiac repair. However, the efficacy is limited by the poor viability of MSCs in the infarcted heart. Recent findings have implicated that @entity5 ( @entity7 ) enhanced the survival of the stem cells under various conditions. However, as the stem cells in these studies were animal-derived, little information is available about the effects of @entity7 on @entity0 MSCs. Herein, we propose that @entity7 may protect @entity0 MSCs against apoptosis induced by @entity1 /Serum deprivation (H/SD). Methods: @entity0 umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) from Wharton's jelly were pretreated with 10  M @entity7 of H/SD with or without the @entity3 inhibitor @entity6 . The morphological changes were assessed using Hoechst 33342. Apoptosis was evaluated via @entity8 /PI staining; and apoptosis-related proteins were detected using Western-blot. Protein chip technology was used to screen for differences between the cell supernatants. Results : @entity7 had a significant protective effect against H/SD-induced apoptosis, accompanied by an increase in @entity4 and p- @entity3 . The @entity7 -mediated anti-apoptotic effect on MSCs could be attenuated by treatment with @entity6 . Moreover, protein chip assays showed that @entity7 treatment increased the paracrine functions of MSCs. Conclusion : @entity5 protects @entity0 UC-MSCs from H/SD-induced apoptosis via the @entity3 pathway and may therefore be a potentially useful therapeutic adjunct for transplanting MSCs into damaged heart after @entity2 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: XXXX Protects Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against @entity1 and Serum Deprivation Induced Apoptosis by Activation of @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background : Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising therapy for cardiac repair. However, the efficacy is limited by the poor viability of MSCs in the infarcted heart. Recent findings have implicated that @entity5 ( @entity7 ) enhanced the survival of the stem cells under various conditions. However, as the stem cells in these studies were animal-derived, little information is available about the effects of @entity7 on @entity0 MSCs. Herein, we propose that @entity7 may protect @entity0 MSCs against apoptosis induced by @entity1 /Serum deprivation (H/SD). Methods: @entity0 umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) from Wharton's jelly were pretreated with 10  M @entity7 of H/SD with or without the @entity3 inhibitor @entity6 . The morphological changes were assessed using Hoechst 33342. Apoptosis was evaluated via @entity8 /PI staining; and apoptosis-related proteins were detected using Western-blot. Protein chip technology was used to screen for differences between the cell supernatants. Results : @entity7 had a significant protective effect against H/SD-induced apoptosis, accompanied by an increase in @entity4 and p- @entity3 . The @entity7 -mediated anti-apoptotic effect on MSCs could be attenuated by treatment with @entity6 . Moreover, protein chip assays showed that @entity7 treatment increased the paracrine functions of MSCs. Conclusion : @entity5 protects @entity0 UC-MSCs from H/SD-induced apoptosis via the @entity3 pathway and may therefore be a potentially useful therapeutic adjunct for transplanting MSCs into damaged heart after @entity2 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: @entity5 Protects Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against @entity1 and Serum Deprivation Induced Apoptosis by Activation of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study addresses the extent to which DSM-IV and @entity9 definitions of @entity11 ( @entity11 ) predict subsequent @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and related @entity2 following @entity1 . METHOD: @entity0 with randomized admissions to 5 hospitals across Australia (N = 596) were assessed in hospital and reassessed for @entity6 at 3 (n = 508), 12 (n = 426), 24 (n = 439), and 72 (n = 314) months using the Clinician-Administered @entity6 Scale; DSM-IV definition of @entity6 was used at each assessment, and @entity9 definition was used at 72 months. The Mini-International @entity2 Interview (MINI) was used at each assessment to assess @entity3 , mood, and substance use disorders. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity0 (8%) met DSM-IV criteria, and 80 @entity0 (14%) met @entity9 criteria for @entity11 . @entity6 was diagnosed in 93 @entity0 (9%) at 3, 82 @entity0 (10%) at 12, 100 @entity0 (12%) at 24, and 26 @entity0 (8%) at 72 months; 19 @entity0 (6%) met @entity9 criteria for @entity6 at 72 months. Comparable proportions of those diagnosed with @entity11 developed @entity6 using DSM-IV (3 months = 46%, 12 months = 39%, 24 months = 32%, and 72 months = 25%) and @entity9 (43%, 42%, 33%, and 24%) @entity11 definitions. Sensitivity was improved for @entity9 relative to DSM-IV for @entity4 (0.18 vs 0.30), @entity8 (0.19 vs 0.41), @entity10 (0.14 vs 0.40), @entity5 (0.12 vs 0.44), specific @entity5 (0.24 vs 0.58), @entity7 (0.17 vs 0.47), and generalized @entity3 (0.20 vs 0.47). More than half of @entity0 with @entity9 -defined @entity11 had a subsequent disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity9 criteria for @entity11 results in better identification of @entity0 who will subsequently develop @entity6 or another @entity2 relative to the DSM-IV criteria. Although prediction is modest, it suggests that the new @entity11 diagnosis can serve a useful function in acute @entity1 settings for triaging those who can benefit from either early intervention or subsequent monitoring.

title: A comparison of the capacity of DSM-IV and @entity9 @entity11 definitions to predict XXXX and related disorders.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study addresses the extent to which DSM-IV and @entity9 definitions of @entity11 ( @entity11 ) predict subsequent @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and related @entity2 following @entity1 . METHOD: @entity0 with randomized admissions to 5 hospitals across Australia (N = 596) were assessed in hospital and reassessed for @entity6 at 3 (n = 508), 12 (n = 426), 24 (n = 439), and 72 (n = 314) months using the Clinician-Administered @entity6 Scale; DSM-IV definition of @entity6 was used at each assessment, and @entity9 definition was used at 72 months. The Mini-International @entity2 Interview (MINI) was used at each assessment to assess @entity3 , mood, and substance use disorders. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity0 (8%) met DSM-IV criteria, and 80 @entity0 (14%) met @entity9 criteria for @entity11 . @entity6 was diagnosed in 93 @entity0 (9%) at 3, 82 @entity0 (10%) at 12, 100 @entity0 (12%) at 24, and 26 @entity0 (8%) at 72 months; 19 @entity0 (6%) met @entity9 criteria for @entity6 at 72 months. Comparable proportions of those diagnosed with @entity11 developed @entity6 using DSM-IV (3 months = 46%, 12 months = 39%, 24 months = 32%, and 72 months = 25%) and @entity9 (43%, 42%, 33%, and 24%) @entity11 definitions. Sensitivity was improved for @entity9 relative to DSM-IV for @entity4 (0.18 vs 0.30), @entity8 (0.19 vs 0.41), @entity10 (0.14 vs 0.40), @entity5 (0.12 vs 0.44), specific @entity5 (0.24 vs 0.58), @entity7 (0.17 vs 0.47), and generalized @entity3 (0.20 vs 0.47). More than half of @entity0 with @entity9 -defined @entity11 had a subsequent disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity9 criteria for @entity11 results in better identification of @entity0 who will subsequently develop @entity6 or another @entity2 relative to the DSM-IV criteria. Although prediction is modest, it suggests that the new @entity11 diagnosis can serve a useful function in acute @entity1 settings for triaging those who can benefit from either early intervention or subsequent monitoring.

title: A comparison of the capacity of DSM-IV and XXXX @entity11 definitions to predict @entity6 and related disorders.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study addresses the extent to which DSM-IV and @entity9 definitions of @entity11 ( @entity11 ) predict subsequent @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and related @entity2 following @entity1 . METHOD: @entity0 with randomized admissions to 5 hospitals across Australia (N = 596) were assessed in hospital and reassessed for @entity6 at 3 (n = 508), 12 (n = 426), 24 (n = 439), and 72 (n = 314) months using the Clinician-Administered @entity6 Scale; DSM-IV definition of @entity6 was used at each assessment, and @entity9 definition was used at 72 months. The Mini-International @entity2 Interview (MINI) was used at each assessment to assess @entity3 , mood, and substance use disorders. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity0 (8%) met DSM-IV criteria, and 80 @entity0 (14%) met @entity9 criteria for @entity11 . @entity6 was diagnosed in 93 @entity0 (9%) at 3, 82 @entity0 (10%) at 12, 100 @entity0 (12%) at 24, and 26 @entity0 (8%) at 72 months; 19 @entity0 (6%) met @entity9 criteria for @entity6 at 72 months. Comparable proportions of those diagnosed with @entity11 developed @entity6 using DSM-IV (3 months = 46%, 12 months = 39%, 24 months = 32%, and 72 months = 25%) and @entity9 (43%, 42%, 33%, and 24%) @entity11 definitions. Sensitivity was improved for @entity9 relative to DSM-IV for @entity4 (0.18 vs 0.30), @entity8 (0.19 vs 0.41), @entity10 (0.14 vs 0.40), @entity5 (0.12 vs 0.44), specific @entity5 (0.24 vs 0.58), @entity7 (0.17 vs 0.47), and generalized @entity3 (0.20 vs 0.47). More than half of @entity0 with @entity9 -defined @entity11 had a subsequent disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity9 criteria for @entity11 results in better identification of @entity0 who will subsequently develop @entity6 or another @entity2 relative to the DSM-IV criteria. Although prediction is modest, it suggests that the new @entity11 diagnosis can serve a useful function in acute @entity1 settings for triaging those who can benefit from either early intervention or subsequent monitoring.

title: A comparison of the capacity of DSM-IV and @entity9 XXXX definitions to predict @entity6 and related disorders.

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUD: Although photoselective vaporization of the prostate ( @entity4 ) is considered one of the most promising alternatives to transurethral radical prostatectomy, a longer operative time, an unsatisfactory tissue removal rate, and the absence of postoperative pathology samples remain the main criticisms for this procedure. OBJECTIVE: To describe the novel technique of photoselective vaporesection of the prostate (PVRP) with a front-firing @entity5 (LBO) laser and to report our initial experience. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : This is a prospective study of 215 @entity0 undergoing PVRP between November 2011 and March 2013. Their average age, prostate size, and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were 70.3  7.3 yr, 70.4  34.0ml, and 24.9  5.0, respectively. SURGICAL PROCEDURE: The operative technique is detailed in the accompanying video. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Perioperative data were collected. The @entity0 were followed up at 3, 6, 12 mo after PVRP, and functional outcomes and complications were assessed. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The mean operation time was 44.1  22.6min. The mean hemoglobin decrease was 0.37  0.21g/dl. The catheterization time was 23.9  15.2h and the postoperative hospital stay was 1.8  0.8 d. Significant improvements were observed in maximum flow, IPSS, and postvoid residual urine at each follow-up time point. Compared to preoperative values, prostate volume and serum @entity3 fell by 67% and 63%, respectively, at 3 mo after PVRP. No major complications were noted. Application of a hemostat for a front-firing LBO laser makes it easy to handle intractable @entity1 . The main limitation of this study is the short follow-up period. The influence of PVRP on sexual function and the learning curve remain to be evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: PVRP is a novel technique that is effective and safe for treatment of @entity2 . This technique retains the excellent hemostatic property of LBO lasers and has a short operation time and a high tissue removal rate. The problem of the lack of postoperative tissue samples for @entity4 is also overcome in PVRP. @entity0 SUMMARY: We have developed a novel technique named photoselective vaporesection of the prostate (PVRP) with a front-firing green laser. Our results show that PVRP retains the excellent hemostatic property of a green laser, but has a much shorter operation time and a higher rate of tissue removal than photoselective vaporization of the prostate ( @entity4 ). This technique also solves the problem of the lack of postoperative tissue specimens and the difficulty of handling intractable @entity1 . According to our initial results, PVRP is a novel technique superior to @entity4 in the treatment of @entity2 .

title: Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate with a Front-firing XXXX Laser: Surgical Technique and Experience After 215 Procedures.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Integrins are a superfamily of transmembrane alpha beta heterodimers that play an important role in cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions by acting as receptors for extracellular matrix proteins and for cell adhesion molecules. Using monoclonal antibodies against @entity7 , @entity6 to alpha 6, and alpha v subunits, the in situ distribution pattern of @entity4 was examined immunohistochemically in nonneoplastic smooth and striated muscle cells and in their @entity0 . Nonneoplastic smooth muscle cells were @entity7 +, @entity6 +, alpha 3+, alpha v+ and, in diverse localizations, also alpha 5+ or even alpha 6+. The expression of the @entity7 chain was conserved in all @entity5 and @entity3 . The distribution pattern of the alpha subunits by contrast underwent several changes during malignant transformation of smooth muscle cells. These alterations consisted in a neoexpression of alpha 2, @entity2 , and alpha 6 as well as in an abnormal abrogation of @entity6 3 in some @entity3 . Except for the absence of alpha 5 in the majority of @entity3 , expression of the alpha 5 and alpha v subunits was mainly conserved. In addition, @entity0 with epithelioid differentiation differed from typical cases by the absence of @entity6 and the simultaneous presence of @entity2 . Adult striated muscle cells were @entity7 + but @entity6 - to alpha 6- and alpha v-, whereas fetal striated muscle cells were not only @entity7 + but also alpha 3+/-, @entity2 +/-, alpha 5+ and alpha 6+. In all @entity1 the expression of @entity7 was retained. Furthermore, the majority of cases showed the expression of one or more alpha subunits most of which, ie, @entity2 , alpha 5, and alpha 6, were also found in fetal striated muscle cells. In conclusion, @entity7 integrins exhibited a differential expression pattern along the two lines of myogenic differentiation. This integrin profile underwent characteristic changes during malignant transformation. Nevertheless, the compiled distribution patterns of the @entity6 , alpha 3, and alpha v subunits allowed in most instances the discrimination between @entity0 of smooth ( @entity6 +/alpha 3+/alpha v+) and striated muscle ( @entity6 -/alpha 3-/alpha v-) differentiation.

title: Differential expression of XXXX integrins in nonneoplastic smooth and striated muscle cells and in @entity0 derived from these cells.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Integrins are a superfamily of transmembrane alpha beta heterodimers that play an important role in cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions by acting as receptors for extracellular matrix proteins and for cell adhesion molecules. Using monoclonal antibodies against @entity7 , @entity6 to alpha 6, and alpha v subunits, the in situ distribution pattern of @entity4 was examined immunohistochemically in nonneoplastic smooth and striated muscle cells and in their @entity0 . Nonneoplastic smooth muscle cells were @entity7 +, @entity6 +, alpha 3+, alpha v+ and, in diverse localizations, also alpha 5+ or even alpha 6+. The expression of the @entity7 chain was conserved in all @entity5 and @entity3 . The distribution pattern of the alpha subunits by contrast underwent several changes during malignant transformation of smooth muscle cells. These alterations consisted in a neoexpression of alpha 2, @entity2 , and alpha 6 as well as in an abnormal abrogation of @entity6 3 in some @entity3 . Except for the absence of alpha 5 in the majority of @entity3 , expression of the alpha 5 and alpha v subunits was mainly conserved. In addition, @entity0 with epithelioid differentiation differed from typical cases by the absence of @entity6 and the simultaneous presence of @entity2 . Adult striated muscle cells were @entity7 + but @entity6 - to alpha 6- and alpha v-, whereas fetal striated muscle cells were not only @entity7 + but also alpha 3+/-, @entity2 +/-, alpha 5+ and alpha 6+. In all @entity1 the expression of @entity7 was retained. Furthermore, the majority of cases showed the expression of one or more alpha subunits most of which, ie, @entity2 , alpha 5, and alpha 6, were also found in fetal striated muscle cells. In conclusion, @entity7 integrins exhibited a differential expression pattern along the two lines of myogenic differentiation. This integrin profile underwent characteristic changes during malignant transformation. Nevertheless, the compiled distribution patterns of the @entity6 , alpha 3, and alpha v subunits allowed in most instances the discrimination between @entity0 of smooth ( @entity6 +/alpha 3+/alpha v+) and striated muscle ( @entity6 -/alpha 3-/alpha v-) differentiation.

title: Differential expression of @entity7 integrins in nonneoplastic smooth and striated muscle cells and in XXXX derived from these cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence and interrelationships of epiretinal membranes (ERMs), vitreomacular traction (VMT), @entity6 , @entity2 ( @entity2 ), lamellar macular holes (LMHs), full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs), and @entity3 in a population-based study of older adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. @entity0 : There were 1913 @entity0 aged 63 to 102 years at the 20-year Beaver Dam Eye Study follow-up examination in 2008-2010, of whom 1540 (2980 eyes) had gradable spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) scans of the macula in at least 1 eye. METHODS: The presence of ERMs and other @entity5 was determined by standardized grading of macular SD OCT scans and photographs of 3 standard fields. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Epiretinal membranes, VMT, @entity6 , @entity2 , LMHs, FTMHs, and @entity3 . RESULTS: By using SD OCT, the prevalence of ERMs (34.1%), VMT (1.6%), @entity6 (5.6%), @entity2 (20.0%), LMHs (3.6%), and FTMHs (0.4%) was estimated. The prevalence of @entity6 (P < 0.001), ERMs (P < 0.001), and VMT (P = 0.005) increased with age; the prevalence of @entity2 (P = 0.05) decreased with age; and the prevalence of LMHs was not associated with age (P = 0.70). The prevalence of @entity6 , LMHs, and ERMs was higher in eyes with a history of @entity4 surgery. Macular cysts and ERMs were more common in eyes with @entity5 , such as @entity1 , @entity8 , and @entity7 , than in eyes without these conditions. Macular cysts, ERMs, and FTMHs were associated with @entity3 . While adjusting for age and sex, @entity6 (odds ratio [OR], 3.96; P < 0.0001), @entity2 (OR, 1.45, P = 0.007), LMHs (OR, 10.62; P < 0.001), VMT (OR, 2.72, P = 0.01), and @entity3 (OR, 3.23; P < 0.001) were more frequent in eyes with ERMs compared with eyes without ERMs. CONCLUSIONS: Epiretinal membranes are associated with @entity6 , @entity2 , LMHs, VMT, and @entity3 . Further follow-up will allow better understanding of the natural history of ERMs and VMT and their relationships to the development of @entity6 and LMHs in the aging population.

title: The epidemiology of XXXX as detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: the beaver dam eye study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 is a @entity7 that typically produces a subacute to chronic inflammatory disease of the lung. Although rare in the United States, @entity9 is sporadically observed in the immigrant population. Rarely, @entity9 can affect the nervous system. This infection even more unusual in the pediatric population, and therefore can be challenging to diagnose. @entity0 : Here we present a @entity0 with @entity5 . She presented with new onset @entity4 in the setting of a @entity1 . Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with contrast revealed a ring-enhancing lesion within the right frontal lobe and a second lesion in the left parietal lobe extending from the cortex to the centrum semiovale. Extensive evaluation including stool ova and parasite analysis confirmed the diagnosis of @entity8 . She was treated with @entity6 and @entity2 and improved both clinically and radiographically. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is diagnosable and treatable and therefore is important to consider in the differential of immigrants presenting with @entity3 and central nervous system findings.

title: XXXX : An Unusual Manifestation of a Rare Parasitic Infection.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The auditory steady-state response, which measures the ability of neural ensembles to entrain to rhythmic auditory stimuli, has been used in @entity0 electroencephalogram studies to assess sensory processing and electrical oscillatory deficits. @entity0 with @entity2 show a deficit in auditory steady-state response at 40 Hz, and therefore this may be a useful biomarker to study this disorder. METHODS: We used auditory steady-state response recordings from the primary auditory cortex, hippocampus, and vertex electroencephalogram sites in awake behaving @entity1 to determine whether pharmacological impairment of excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmission mimics auditory steady-state response abnormalities in @entity2 . RESULTS: We found the most robust response to auditory stimuli in the primary auditory cortex, in line with previous studies suggesting this region is the primary generator of the auditory steady-state response in @entity0 . Acute MK-801 (0.1mg/kg i.p.) increased primary auditory cortex intertrial coherence during auditory steady-state response at 20 and 40 Hz. Chronic MK-801 (21-day exposure at this daily dose) had no significant effect on 40-Hz auditory steady-state response. Furthermore, we found no effect of acute or chronic picrotoxin (a GABA-A antagonist) on intertrial coherence. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that acute N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonism increases synchronous activity in the primary auditory cortex in a frequency-specific manner, supporting the widely held view that acute N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonism augments gamma oscillations. Thus, rodent auditory steady-state response could be a valuable method to study the cortical ability to support synchronous activity at specific frequencies.

title: Effects of NMDA and GABA-A Receptor Antagonism on Auditory Steady-State Synchronization in Awake Behaving XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A novel deletion in the @entity0 beta-globin gene cluster associated with increased levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in adult life was molecularly characterized in a member of a family of Eastern European descent. The phenotype of the deletion, documented in five members of the family, shows mild hypochromia and microcytosis (mean corpuscular Hb, 24 to 25.9 pg; mean corpuscular volume, 74 to 78.5 fL) but high production of HbF (13% to 24%) with heterocellular distribution (36% to 86% F cells). Extensive restriction enzyme mapping of the beta-globin cluster and sequencing of the region encompassing the breakpoints showed that the deletion starts 1,612 bp upstream of the cap site of the delta-globin gene, and terminates within the first intron of the beta-globin gene, deleting 9.1 kb of DNA. This length is definitely shorter than the average 12.0 kb of the previously characterized (delta beta) zero- @entity1 . The 5' breakpoint of the new deletion is close to that of the Yugoslavian delta @entity2 deletion, whereas the 3' breakpoint is very close to those of the Turkish and the Greek beta zero- @entity1 deletions. The breakpoints of the deletion occur within a direct repeat containing a tetranucleotide exhibiting homology to a donor-splice site, and is symmetrically flanked by a set of 13- and 14-bp homologous complementary sequences, respectively. It is likely that the deletion may be the result of an "illegitimate" or "nonhomologous" recombination event to which these two short sequences may have contributed. It is of interest that the novel deletion (9.1 kb) is comparable to the Italian @entity3 -5 deletion (12.9 kb), regarding both the size and the position of the breakpoints. However, the @entity3 -5 deletion includes sequences flanking the breakpoints that are preserved in the new deletion. Considering the resulting two discrete phenotypes (ie, delta @entity2 v @entity3 ), it can be hypothesized that the deleted sequences in the Italian @entity3 -5 mutation may harbor regulatory elements that exert a negative control on the gamma-globin gene expression.

title: Eastern European (delta beta) zero- XXXX : molecular characterization of a novel 9.1-kb deletion resulting in high levels of fetal hemoglobin in the adult.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Expression-profiling studies have helped define genetic changes associated with @entity3 . Determining which alterations in gene expression are causally associated with @entity0 and which result from the general dysregulation in gene expression that is characteristic of @entity0 remains a problem. Transcriptional profiling of @entity2 (small @entity0 or precancers) holds promise for identifying biologically important changes in gene expression. There are, however, technical barriers to the study of small @entity0 . The total number of cells available for analysis is limiting. It is also often difficult to distinguish @entity0 cells from normal proliferating cells in frozen sections that are typically used as a source of RNA. Here we describe an @entity5 fixation and @entity4 -embedding protocol that preserves tissue architecture and cellular morphology of the @entity1 endometrium, and allows for the recovery of high-quality RNA from microdissected cells. We performed GeneChip expression profiling using RNA from 800 to 4400 cells microdissected from @entity5 -fixed, @entity4 -embedded uteri. Endometrial adenocarcinomas exhibited changes in the levels of a number of messages known to be abnormally expressed in @entity0 , and differential expression of additional transcripts not previously implicated in @entity3 . We confirmed increased @entity7 expression in RNAs from @entity1 @entity6 that were hybridized to GeneChips and validated overexpression of this transcript in additional @entity0 .

title: Expression profiling of @entity1 @entity6 microdissected from @entity5 -fixed, XXXX -embedded tissues.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Expression-profiling studies have helped define genetic changes associated with @entity3 . Determining which alterations in gene expression are causally associated with @entity0 and which result from the general dysregulation in gene expression that is characteristic of @entity0 remains a problem. Transcriptional profiling of @entity2 (small @entity0 or precancers) holds promise for identifying biologically important changes in gene expression. There are, however, technical barriers to the study of small @entity0 . The total number of cells available for analysis is limiting. It is also often difficult to distinguish @entity0 cells from normal proliferating cells in frozen sections that are typically used as a source of RNA. Here we describe an @entity5 fixation and @entity4 -embedding protocol that preserves tissue architecture and cellular morphology of the @entity1 endometrium, and allows for the recovery of high-quality RNA from microdissected cells. We performed GeneChip expression profiling using RNA from 800 to 4400 cells microdissected from @entity5 -fixed, @entity4 -embedded uteri. Endometrial adenocarcinomas exhibited changes in the levels of a number of messages known to be abnormally expressed in @entity0 , and differential expression of additional transcripts not previously implicated in @entity3 . We confirmed increased @entity7 expression in RNAs from @entity1 @entity6 that were hybridized to GeneChips and validated overexpression of this transcript in additional @entity0 .

title: Expression profiling of @entity1 @entity6 microdissected from XXXX -fixed, @entity4 -embedded tissues.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Expression-profiling studies have helped define genetic changes associated with @entity3 . Determining which alterations in gene expression are causally associated with @entity0 and which result from the general dysregulation in gene expression that is characteristic of @entity0 remains a problem. Transcriptional profiling of @entity2 (small @entity0 or precancers) holds promise for identifying biologically important changes in gene expression. There are, however, technical barriers to the study of small @entity0 . The total number of cells available for analysis is limiting. It is also often difficult to distinguish @entity0 cells from normal proliferating cells in frozen sections that are typically used as a source of RNA. Here we describe an @entity5 fixation and @entity4 -embedding protocol that preserves tissue architecture and cellular morphology of the @entity1 endometrium, and allows for the recovery of high-quality RNA from microdissected cells. We performed GeneChip expression profiling using RNA from 800 to 4400 cells microdissected from @entity5 -fixed, @entity4 -embedded uteri. Endometrial adenocarcinomas exhibited changes in the levels of a number of messages known to be abnormally expressed in @entity0 , and differential expression of additional transcripts not previously implicated in @entity3 . We confirmed increased @entity7 expression in RNAs from @entity1 @entity6 that were hybridized to GeneChips and validated overexpression of this transcript in additional @entity0 .

title: Expression profiling of @entity1 XXXX microdissected from @entity5 -fixed, @entity4 -embedded tissues.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Expression-profiling studies have helped define genetic changes associated with @entity3 . Determining which alterations in gene expression are causally associated with @entity0 and which result from the general dysregulation in gene expression that is characteristic of @entity0 remains a problem. Transcriptional profiling of @entity2 (small @entity0 or precancers) holds promise for identifying biologically important changes in gene expression. There are, however, technical barriers to the study of small @entity0 . The total number of cells available for analysis is limiting. It is also often difficult to distinguish @entity0 cells from normal proliferating cells in frozen sections that are typically used as a source of RNA. Here we describe an @entity5 fixation and @entity4 -embedding protocol that preserves tissue architecture and cellular morphology of the @entity1 endometrium, and allows for the recovery of high-quality RNA from microdissected cells. We performed GeneChip expression profiling using RNA from 800 to 4400 cells microdissected from @entity5 -fixed, @entity4 -embedded uteri. Endometrial adenocarcinomas exhibited changes in the levels of a number of messages known to be abnormally expressed in @entity0 , and differential expression of additional transcripts not previously implicated in @entity3 . We confirmed increased @entity7 expression in RNAs from @entity1 @entity6 that were hybridized to GeneChips and validated overexpression of this transcript in additional @entity0 .

title: Expression profiling of XXXX @entity6 microdissected from @entity5 -fixed, @entity4 -embedded tissues.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Telomerase activity (TA) is the most recently recognized prognostic factor in @entity1 , and its outstanding predictive power was documented by several studies. However, TA measurements require fresh @entity0 tissue that is not always available in daily clinical practice. We previously described a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay that we used to investigate the possible prognostic relevance of the telomerase catalytic subunit, @entity2 , at the mRNA level. Because @entity2 mRNA undergoes alternative splicing as a regulatory mechanism of TA, we discriminated between truncated and full-length @entity2 transcripts. In a retrospective study on 124 @entity1 , 56 (45.2%) @entity0 showed spliced @entity2 transcripts, whereas 30 (24.2%) contained full-length @entity2 transcripts. The presence of both spliced and full-length @entity2 transcripts was significantly associated with @entity3 amplification. @entity2 in general showed no correlation to other prognostic factors, ie, International @entity1 Staging System stage, International @entity1 Pathology classification grade, or age at diagnosis, whereas the presence of full-length transcripts was significantly associated with higher stages. The presence of any @entity2 transcripts carried no significant prognostic information, yet full-length @entity2 transcripts were highly predictive of poor outcome (P < 0.0001). In a multivariate analysis, full-length @entity2 transcripts and International @entity1 Pathology classification grade emerged as the sole independent predictors of event-free survival, with relative risks of 10.0 and 3.9, respectively. The strong statistical correlation of full-length @entity2 transcripts with clinical outcome in @entity1 suggests that the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of @entity2 transcripts may be equatable to TA measurements. Because this assay is well suited for archival material, it could become a useful adjunct in evaluating the prognosis of individual @entity1 cases.

title: Full-length telomerase reverse transcriptase messenger RNA is an independent prognostic factor in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To study the role of treatment compliance and parents' smoking on @entity1 control in @entity0 with recently diagnosed mild or moderate persistent @entity1 who were prescribed inhaled anti-inflammatory treatment. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 167 @entity0 aged 6-12 years (64% @entity0 ). @entity0 were examined at inclusion and followed up for three years with a visit every four months. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured twice a day during the week before each visit. Two control criteria were monitored: (1) symptom control = having diurnal or nocturnal exacerbations less than once a week and no symptoms between exacerbations, at all visits; and (2) PEF control = daily PEF variability <20% on each of the seven days before each visit. RESULTS: Symptom control was achieved by 25.1% of @entity0 and PEF control by 53.3%. Symptom control was positively related to having understood the way in which the medication worked and taking the prescribed doses (odds ratios (OR) = 3.38 and 4.82 respectively). It was inversely related to smoking within the home (OR = 0.34). PEF control was positively related to taking the prescribed doses (OR = 3.58). It was less frequently achieved if the mother smoked within the home (OR = 0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that, to maximise the benefits of available @entity1 medication and to improve health outcomes, further efforts should be made to convince the parents of asthmatic @entity0 not to smoke in the house, and to improve compliance by increasing the @entity0 ' understanding of the disease and its treatment.

title: Treatment compliance, passive smoking, and XXXX control: a three year cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of preoperative @entity3 and its prognostic significance in Thai @entity0 with @entity4 . We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 238 cases who had undergone surgical staging procedures between January 2005 and December 2008. Associations between clinicopathological variables and preoperative platelet counts were analyzed using Pearson's chi square or two- tailed Fisher's exact tests. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier estimates. Univariate and @entity2 - regression models were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of various factors including platelet count in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival. The mean preoperative platelet count was 315,437/ L (SD 100,167/  L). @entity0 who had advanced stage, adnexal involvement, lymph node @entity1 , and positive peritoneal cytology had significantly higher mean preoperative platelet counts when compared with those who had not. We found @entity3 (platelet count greater than 400,000/ L) in 18.1% of our @entity0 with @entity4 . These had significant higher rates of advanced stage, cervical involvement, adnexal involvement, positive peritoneal cytology, and lymph node involvement than @entity0 with a normal pretreatment platelet count. The 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival were significantly lower in @entity0 who had @entity3 compared with those who had not (67.4% vs. 85.1%, p=0.001 and 86.0% vs. 94.9%, p=0.034, respectively). @entity3 was shown to be a prognostic factor in the univariate but not the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, presence of @entity3 is not uncommon in @entity4 and may reflect unfavorable prognostic factors but its prognostic impact on survival needs to be clarified in further studies.

title: Preoperative XXXX and poor prognostic factors in @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of preoperative @entity3 and its prognostic significance in Thai @entity0 with @entity4 . We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 238 cases who had undergone surgical staging procedures between January 2005 and December 2008. Associations between clinicopathological variables and preoperative platelet counts were analyzed using Pearson's chi square or two- tailed Fisher's exact tests. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier estimates. Univariate and @entity2 - regression models were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of various factors including platelet count in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival. The mean preoperative platelet count was 315,437/ L (SD 100,167/  L). @entity0 who had advanced stage, adnexal involvement, lymph node @entity1 , and positive peritoneal cytology had significantly higher mean preoperative platelet counts when compared with those who had not. We found @entity3 (platelet count greater than 400,000/ L) in 18.1% of our @entity0 with @entity4 . These had significant higher rates of advanced stage, cervical involvement, adnexal involvement, positive peritoneal cytology, and lymph node involvement than @entity0 with a normal pretreatment platelet count. The 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival were significantly lower in @entity0 who had @entity3 compared with those who had not (67.4% vs. 85.1%, p=0.001 and 86.0% vs. 94.9%, p=0.034, respectively). @entity3 was shown to be a prognostic factor in the univariate but not the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, presence of @entity3 is not uncommon in @entity4 and may reflect unfavorable prognostic factors but its prognostic impact on survival needs to be clarified in further studies.

title: Preoperative @entity3 and poor prognostic factors in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a heterogeneous disease and cell proliferation markers may help to identify subtypes of clinical interest. We here analyzed the correlation between cell proliferation determined by Ki67 and HG in @entity0 @entity1 undergoing preoperative chemotherapy (PCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained clinical/pathological data from @entity1 with invasive @entity0 treated at our institution from 1999 until 2012. Expression of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 ( @entity5 ) and Ki67 were determined by immuno-histochemistry (IHC). Clinicopathological subtypes were defined as: Luminal A, @entity6 and/or @entity7 positive, @entity5 negative, HG 1 or 2; Luminal B, @entity6 and/or @entity7 positive, @entity5 negative or positive and/or HG 3; @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity5 negative independent of HG; @entity5 positive, @entity6 , @entity7 negative and @entity5 positive, independent of HG. By using Ki67, a value of 14% separated Luminal A and B @entity2 , independently of the histological grade. We analyzed correlations between Ki67 and HG, to define @entity0 subtypes and their predictive value for response to PCT. RESULTS: 1,560 @entity0 @entity1 were treated in the period, 147 receiving PCT (9.5%). Some 57 had sufficient clinicopathological information to be included in the study. Median age was 52 years (26-72), with 87.7% invasive @entity3 (n=50). We performed IHC for Ki67 in 40 core biopsies and 50 surgical biopsies, 37 paired samples with Ki67 before and after chemotherapy being available. There was no significant correlation between Ki67 and HG (p=0.237), both categorizing @entity1 into different subtypes. In most cases Ki67 decreased after PCT (65.8%). Only 3 @entity1 had pathologic complete response (cPR). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience we did not find associations between Ki67 and HG. Determination of clinicopathological luminal subtypes differs by using Ki67 or HG.

title: Correlation between Ki67 and Histological Grade in XXXX @entity1 Treated with Preoperative Chemotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a heterogeneous disease and cell proliferation markers may help to identify subtypes of clinical interest. We here analyzed the correlation between cell proliferation determined by Ki67 and HG in @entity0 @entity1 undergoing preoperative chemotherapy (PCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained clinical/pathological data from @entity1 with invasive @entity0 treated at our institution from 1999 until 2012. Expression of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 ( @entity5 ) and Ki67 were determined by immuno-histochemistry (IHC). Clinicopathological subtypes were defined as: Luminal A, @entity6 and/or @entity7 positive, @entity5 negative, HG 1 or 2; Luminal B, @entity6 and/or @entity7 positive, @entity5 negative or positive and/or HG 3; @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity5 negative independent of HG; @entity5 positive, @entity6 , @entity7 negative and @entity5 positive, independent of HG. By using Ki67, a value of 14% separated Luminal A and B @entity2 , independently of the histological grade. We analyzed correlations between Ki67 and HG, to define @entity0 subtypes and their predictive value for response to PCT. RESULTS: 1,560 @entity0 @entity1 were treated in the period, 147 receiving PCT (9.5%). Some 57 had sufficient clinicopathological information to be included in the study. Median age was 52 years (26-72), with 87.7% invasive @entity3 (n=50). We performed IHC for Ki67 in 40 core biopsies and 50 surgical biopsies, 37 paired samples with Ki67 before and after chemotherapy being available. There was no significant correlation between Ki67 and HG (p=0.237), both categorizing @entity1 into different subtypes. In most cases Ki67 decreased after PCT (65.8%). Only 3 @entity1 had pathologic complete response (cPR). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience we did not find associations between Ki67 and HG. Determination of clinicopathological luminal subtypes differs by using Ki67 or HG.

title: Correlation between Ki67 and Histological Grade in @entity0 XXXX Treated with Preoperative Chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence rate of @entity7 has increased more than 40% in the past 20 years, especially in adults. We aimed to study the clinical and pathological findings of central nervous system (CNS) @entity2 @entity0 and to evaluate their 5 year survival rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The archives of all @entity0 with CNS @entity2 in 6 health care centers in Yazd, Iran, from 2006 to 2013, were studied. @entity0 data were extracted using a checklist which included age, sex, date of reference and diagnosis, date of @entity4 , clinical signs, radiography findings, pathology report, size and location of @entity2 , @entity0 treatment and grade of @entity2 . RESULTS: A total of 306 @entity0 records were studied in the 8 year period. The most prevalent type of @entity2 was @entity6 (n=113, 36.9%). The frequency of almost all @entity2 types was statistically higher in male @entity0 (p=0.025). In most cases surgery with radiotherapy was the treatment of choice (49.3%). The most frequent symptom reported was @entity3 (in 60.8% of @entity0 ) followed by @entity5 (15.7%). Most of the @entity2 were located in the right hemisphere (46.1%) and the frontal and parietal lobe (26% and 12%, respectively). Radiography findings displayed @entity1 with a nonhomogeneous lesion in majority of the @entity0 (87%). The survival fraction of the @entity0 with @entity2 decreased over time (0.807 in the first year and 0.358 at the end of the 5th year). CONCLUSIONS: Astrocytoma was the more common CNS @entity2 with male predominance. Overall survival rates of @entity2 decreased over time and this was in relation with @entity2 grade.

title: Clinicopathological findings and five year survival rates for XXXX with central nervous system tumors in yazd, iran.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity5 (NA)-induced cation current was investigated in neurones freshly isolated from @entity1 cardiac parasympathetic @entity0 using the @entity11 -perforated patch recording configuration. Under current-clamp conditions, NA depolarized the membrane, eliciting repetitive action potentials. NA evoked an inward cation current under voltage-clamp conditions at a holding potential of -60 mV. The NA-induced current was inhibited by extracellular @entity2 or @entity4 , with a half-maximal concentration of 13 microM for @entity2 and 1.2 mM for @entity4 . @entity17 mimicked the NA response, and @entity8 and @entity16 inhibited the NA-induced current, suggesting the contribution of an alpha1-adrenoceptor. The NA-induced current was inhibited by @entity9 , a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. The membrane-permeable @entity13 blocker @entity12 also blocked the NA-induced current. Furthermore, pretreatment with @entity7 and @entity15 could inhibit the NA response while @entity14 , @entity6 ( @entity10 ) and @entity3 had no effect. These results suggest that NA activates the extracellular @entity2 - and @entity4 -sensitive cation channels via alpha 1-adrenoceptors in neurones freshly isolated from @entity1 cardiac parasympathetic @entity0 . This activation mechanism also involves phosphoinositide breakdown, release of @entity2 from intracellular @entity2 stores and calmodulin. The cation channels activated by NA may play an important role in neuronal membrane depolarization in @entity1 cardiac @entity0 .

title: Alpha 1-adrenoceptor-activated cation currents in neurones acutely isolated from @entity1 cardiac parasympathetic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity5 (NA)-induced cation current was investigated in neurones freshly isolated from @entity1 cardiac parasympathetic @entity0 using the @entity11 -perforated patch recording configuration. Under current-clamp conditions, NA depolarized the membrane, eliciting repetitive action potentials. NA evoked an inward cation current under voltage-clamp conditions at a holding potential of -60 mV. The NA-induced current was inhibited by extracellular @entity2 or @entity4 , with a half-maximal concentration of 13 microM for @entity2 and 1.2 mM for @entity4 . @entity17 mimicked the NA response, and @entity8 and @entity16 inhibited the NA-induced current, suggesting the contribution of an alpha1-adrenoceptor. The NA-induced current was inhibited by @entity9 , a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. The membrane-permeable @entity13 blocker @entity12 also blocked the NA-induced current. Furthermore, pretreatment with @entity7 and @entity15 could inhibit the NA response while @entity14 , @entity6 ( @entity10 ) and @entity3 had no effect. These results suggest that NA activates the extracellular @entity2 - and @entity4 -sensitive cation channels via alpha 1-adrenoceptors in neurones freshly isolated from @entity1 cardiac parasympathetic @entity0 . This activation mechanism also involves phosphoinositide breakdown, release of @entity2 from intracellular @entity2 stores and calmodulin. The cation channels activated by NA may play an important role in neuronal membrane depolarization in @entity1 cardiac @entity0 .

title: Alpha 1-adrenoceptor-activated cation currents in neurones acutely isolated from XXXX cardiac parasympathetic @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Here, we describe that microenvironmental @entity6 and, to a lesser extent, @entity5 are required for in vivo angiogenesis and @entity0 of different @entity1 cells. In @entity6 knockout (KO) @entity2 , local @entity1 or lung metastases of B16 @entity4 cells were not observed compared with WT @entity2 . Angiogenesis was assessed by the recruitment of blood vessel networks into Matrigel plugs containing B16 @entity4 cells; vascularization of the plugs was present in WT @entity2 , but was absent in @entity6 KO @entity2 . The addition of exogenous @entity7 into B16-containing Matrigel plugs in @entity6 KO @entity2 partially restored the angiogenic response. Moreover, the incorporation of @entity7 receptor antagonist to B16-containing plugs in WT @entity2 inhibited the ingrowth of blood vessel networks into Matrigel plugs. In @entity7 alpha KO @entity2 , local @entity1 development and induction of an angiogenic response in Matrigel plugs was less pronounced than in WT @entity2 , but significantly higher than in @entity6 KO @entity2 . These effects of host-derived @entity5 and @entity6 were not restricted to the @entity4 model, but were also observed in @entity2 mammary and prostate @entity1 cell models. In addition to the in vivo findings, @entity7 contributed to the production of vascular endothelial cell growth factor and @entity1 necrosis factor in cocultures of peritoneal macrophages and @entity1 cells. Host-derived @entity7 seems to control @entity1 angiogenesis and @entity0 . Furthermore, the anti-angiogenic effects of @entity7 receptor antagonist, shown here, suggest a possible therapeutic role in @entity1 , in addition to its current use in @entity3 .

title: @entity7 is required for @entity1 XXXX and angiogenesis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Here, we describe that microenvironmental @entity6 and, to a lesser extent, @entity5 are required for in vivo angiogenesis and @entity0 of different @entity1 cells. In @entity6 knockout (KO) @entity2 , local @entity1 or lung metastases of B16 @entity4 cells were not observed compared with WT @entity2 . Angiogenesis was assessed by the recruitment of blood vessel networks into Matrigel plugs containing B16 @entity4 cells; vascularization of the plugs was present in WT @entity2 , but was absent in @entity6 KO @entity2 . The addition of exogenous @entity7 into B16-containing Matrigel plugs in @entity6 KO @entity2 partially restored the angiogenic response. Moreover, the incorporation of @entity7 receptor antagonist to B16-containing plugs in WT @entity2 inhibited the ingrowth of blood vessel networks into Matrigel plugs. In @entity7 alpha KO @entity2 , local @entity1 development and induction of an angiogenic response in Matrigel plugs was less pronounced than in WT @entity2 , but significantly higher than in @entity6 KO @entity2 . These effects of host-derived @entity5 and @entity6 were not restricted to the @entity4 model, but were also observed in @entity2 mammary and prostate @entity1 cell models. In addition to the in vivo findings, @entity7 contributed to the production of vascular endothelial cell growth factor and @entity1 necrosis factor in cocultures of peritoneal macrophages and @entity1 cells. Host-derived @entity7 seems to control @entity1 angiogenesis and @entity0 . Furthermore, the anti-angiogenic effects of @entity7 receptor antagonist, shown here, suggest a possible therapeutic role in @entity1 , in addition to its current use in @entity3 .

title: @entity7 is required for XXXX @entity0 and angiogenesis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Here, we describe that microenvironmental @entity6 and, to a lesser extent, @entity5 are required for in vivo angiogenesis and @entity0 of different @entity1 cells. In @entity6 knockout (KO) @entity2 , local @entity1 or lung metastases of B16 @entity4 cells were not observed compared with WT @entity2 . Angiogenesis was assessed by the recruitment of blood vessel networks into Matrigel plugs containing B16 @entity4 cells; vascularization of the plugs was present in WT @entity2 , but was absent in @entity6 KO @entity2 . The addition of exogenous @entity7 into B16-containing Matrigel plugs in @entity6 KO @entity2 partially restored the angiogenic response. Moreover, the incorporation of @entity7 receptor antagonist to B16-containing plugs in WT @entity2 inhibited the ingrowth of blood vessel networks into Matrigel plugs. In @entity7 alpha KO @entity2 , local @entity1 development and induction of an angiogenic response in Matrigel plugs was less pronounced than in WT @entity2 , but significantly higher than in @entity6 KO @entity2 . These effects of host-derived @entity5 and @entity6 were not restricted to the @entity4 model, but were also observed in @entity2 mammary and prostate @entity1 cell models. In addition to the in vivo findings, @entity7 contributed to the production of vascular endothelial cell growth factor and @entity1 necrosis factor in cocultures of peritoneal macrophages and @entity1 cells. Host-derived @entity7 seems to control @entity1 angiogenesis and @entity0 . Furthermore, the anti-angiogenic effects of @entity7 receptor antagonist, shown here, suggest a possible therapeutic role in @entity1 , in addition to its current use in @entity3 .

title: XXXX is required for @entity1 @entity0 and angiogenesis.

answer: @entity7