abstract: During delivery a reduction of placental blood flow in relation to uterine contractions resulting in repetitive decelerations of the fetal heart rate is frequently encountered. In this context the question arises whether a critical threshold of @entity0 saturation ( @entity14 ) in fetal arterial blood can be defined, below which a severe @entity10 and a @entity10 may develope. In chronically instrumented ewes (8 experiments) a slowly progressive @entity13 was induced by stepwise reduction of uterine blood flow via occlusion of the maternal aorta. Fetal arterial blood pressure and heart rate were continuously monitored and fetal arterial blood samples were taken intermittently from a catheter placed in the fetal aorta. The stepwise decrease of fetal arterial @entity14 was 10% at time intervals of 15-30 minutes. With @entity14 -values above 15%, @entity5 increased 0.01-0.03 mmol/l/min and the pH decreased 0.003-0.0012/min. A significant increase of @entity5 concentration (0.1-0.3 mmol/l/min) and decrease of the pH (0.003-0.009/min) was encountered when the fetal arterial @entity14 was below 15%. With progressive desoxygenation systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as pulse pressure increased. There was no uniform reaction pattern of the basal fetal heart rate to progressive @entity1 ; while in some experiments @entity2 prevailed, @entity8 was encountered in other experiments. Plasma free @entity11 exhibited an inverse relationship to @entity14 with an exponential increase of @entity12 concentrations when @entity14 fell below 15-20%. During almost complete desoxygenation ( @entity14 below 5%), @entity12 concentrations were increased 100 fold ( @entity7 ), 1000 fold (epinephrine) and 50 fold ( @entity6 ) as compared to control values. In comparison to free @entity11 increases of the concentrations of @entity3 and @entity9 were only small. The increase of @entity3 with progressive @entity1 may explain the endogenous stimulation of lung maturity during fetal stress. Our experiments suggest that a @entity14 level of 15-20% represents a critical threshold for development of severe @entity10 and a @entity10 . However, even during severe @entity1 ( @entity14 below 10%) the @entity4 fetus is able to maintain blood pressure for at least 30 minutes with the help of an excessive @entity12 secretion. Only with @entity1 a @entity10 has to be anticipated within a few minutes.

title: [Metabolic, cardiovascular and sympathoadrenal reactions of the fetus to progressive XXXX --animal experiment studies].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Only partial studies evaluating the endocrine profile in @entity6 have been performed. In order to characterize the neuro-endocrine pattern during and after @entity6 , we studied the basal hormonal levels of @entity8 , @entity0 @entity10 ( @entity9 ), FSH, GH, TSH, free @entity7 index (FTI), @entity1 -17 beta (E2), and @entity5 (PG), as well as the anterior pituitary response to @entity4 , @entity3 , and hypoglycaemia induced by insulin in 7 @entity0 during @entity6 and one week after @entity11 . @entity8 showed significantly higher serum levels during rather than after @entity6 and @entity9 was detectable in only 4 @entity0 during, but in none after @entity6 . FSH values were in the follicular phase range before and after @entity11 (12.7 +/- 0.8 and 12.7 +/- 3.5 IU/l). PRL had elevated basal levels before and after @entity11 ; 103.0 +/- 16.5 and 43 +/- 10.6 micrograms/l, respectively (P less than 0.05). GH levels were distinctly elevated in 3 @entity0 during @entity6 ; after @entity11 , the basal GH values were normal in all @entity0 less than 10 micrograms/l. Basal @entity2 and TSH levels were in the normal range before and after @entity11 . The FTI was above the normal range in 3 @entity0 during @entity6 , whereas after @entity11 the values were normalized. E2 levels were elevated before and after @entity11 , 1881 +/- 477 and 96.5 +/- 39.2 ng/l, respectively (P less than 0.01). PG levels before and after @entity11 were 30.9 +/- 5.4 and 10 +/- 6.7 micrograms/l, respectively (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Neuroendocrine regulation of anterior pituitary function in @entity0 during and after XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Only partial studies evaluating the endocrine profile in @entity6 have been performed. In order to characterize the neuro-endocrine pattern during and after @entity6 , we studied the basal hormonal levels of @entity8 , @entity0 @entity10 ( @entity9 ), FSH, GH, TSH, free @entity7 index (FTI), @entity1 -17 beta (E2), and @entity5 (PG), as well as the anterior pituitary response to @entity4 , @entity3 , and hypoglycaemia induced by insulin in 7 @entity0 during @entity6 and one week after @entity11 . @entity8 showed significantly higher serum levels during rather than after @entity6 and @entity9 was detectable in only 4 @entity0 during, but in none after @entity6 . FSH values were in the follicular phase range before and after @entity11 (12.7 +/- 0.8 and 12.7 +/- 3.5 IU/l). PRL had elevated basal levels before and after @entity11 ; 103.0 +/- 16.5 and 43 +/- 10.6 micrograms/l, respectively (P less than 0.05). GH levels were distinctly elevated in 3 @entity0 during @entity6 ; after @entity11 , the basal GH values were normal in all @entity0 less than 10 micrograms/l. Basal @entity2 and TSH levels were in the normal range before and after @entity11 . The FTI was above the normal range in 3 @entity0 during @entity6 , whereas after @entity11 the values were normalized. E2 levels were elevated before and after @entity11 , 1881 +/- 477 and 96.5 +/- 39.2 ng/l, respectively (P less than 0.01). PG levels before and after @entity11 were 30.9 +/- 5.4 and 10 +/- 6.7 micrograms/l, respectively (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Neuroendocrine regulation of anterior pituitary function in XXXX during and after @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: To examine whether sequence-specific antibodies directed against serum amyloid A were useful in the demonstration and classification of @entity4 , needle biopsy specimens from the kidneys of 152 cases with @entity1 were investigated using the avidin- @entity3 -peroxidase complex technique of immunohistochemistry. A distinct immunoreactivity of @entity5 was seen in biopsies from all 42 individuals who were clinically classified as having the AA-type of @entity4 . The stained areas coincided with deposits stained by Congo red. Four of these cases demonstrated immunoreactivity of both @entity5 and light immunoglobulin chains and all biopsies except one showed immunoreactivity for the amyloid P-component. After treatment with @entity6 , the @entity2 in the biopsies of all 42 cases lost their affinity for Congo red. Ten @entity0 with clinical and laboratory findings compatible with the AL-type of @entity4 were also investigated. All their biopsies demonstrated @entity2 but none of them showed any immunoreactivity of @entity5 . @entity2 of lambda light immunoglobulin chains-but not kappa-were demonstrated in biopsies from four @entity0 . The amyloid P-component was found in biopsies from six individuals and positive Congo red staining after treatment with @entity6 was seen in biopsies from four of the cases. Biopsies of 100 @entity0 suffering from @entity1 were also examined. None of them displayed any immunoreactive deposits of @entity5 . The investigation shows that @entity2 of the AA-type can be identified in needle biopsies when sequence-specific antibodies against serum amyloid A are used in the avidin- @entity3 -peroxidase complex technique. Both the diagnostic sensitivity (42 of 42) and specificity (110 of 110) of the assay were optimal (1.0). The method was found to be superior to other investigated techniques and useful for classifying @entity4 in formalin-fixed renal biopsies.

title: Demonstration and classification of @entity4 in needle biopsies of the kidneys, with special reference to XXXX of the AA-type.

answer: @entity4


abstract: To examine whether sequence-specific antibodies directed against serum amyloid A were useful in the demonstration and classification of @entity4 , needle biopsy specimens from the kidneys of 152 cases with @entity1 were investigated using the avidin- @entity3 -peroxidase complex technique of immunohistochemistry. A distinct immunoreactivity of @entity5 was seen in biopsies from all 42 individuals who were clinically classified as having the AA-type of @entity4 . The stained areas coincided with deposits stained by Congo red. Four of these cases demonstrated immunoreactivity of both @entity5 and light immunoglobulin chains and all biopsies except one showed immunoreactivity for the amyloid P-component. After treatment with @entity6 , the @entity2 in the biopsies of all 42 cases lost their affinity for Congo red. Ten @entity0 with clinical and laboratory findings compatible with the AL-type of @entity4 were also investigated. All their biopsies demonstrated @entity2 but none of them showed any immunoreactivity of @entity5 . @entity2 of lambda light immunoglobulin chains-but not kappa-were demonstrated in biopsies from four @entity0 . The amyloid P-component was found in biopsies from six individuals and positive Congo red staining after treatment with @entity6 was seen in biopsies from four of the cases. Biopsies of 100 @entity0 suffering from @entity1 were also examined. None of them displayed any immunoreactive deposits of @entity5 . The investigation shows that @entity2 of the AA-type can be identified in needle biopsies when sequence-specific antibodies against serum amyloid A are used in the avidin- @entity3 -peroxidase complex technique. Both the diagnostic sensitivity (42 of 42) and specificity (110 of 110) of the assay were optimal (1.0). The method was found to be superior to other investigated techniques and useful for classifying @entity4 in formalin-fixed renal biopsies.

title: Demonstration and classification of XXXX in needle biopsies of the kidneys, with special reference to @entity4 of the AA-type.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We report the identification of an @entity2 -dependent haem-degrading system in ox heart mitochondria. The activity was localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane, specifically associated with complex I ( @entity2 : @entity6 oxidoreductase). The mitochondrial @entity2 -dependent haem-degradation activity was highly effective and displayed a rate nearly 60% higher than that of the microsomal activity. The following observations suggested the enzymic nature of the activity: (i) haem degradation by complex I did not proceed upon exposure to elevated temperature and extremes of pH; (ii) it displayed substrate specificity; (iii) it was inhibited by a substrate analogue; and (iv) it showed a cofactor requirement. Moreover, the activity was distinctly different from the @entity5 -mediated haem-degradation activity. Also, complex I differed from the microsomal @entity1 : @entity3 (P-450) reductase inasmuch as the formation of an effective interaction with the microsomal haem oxygenase could not be detected. Addition of purified haem oxygenase to complex I neither influenced the rate of haem degradation nor resulted in the formation of @entity4 alpha. In contrast, addition of haem oxygenase to @entity1 : @entity3 (P-450) reductase enhanced the rate of haem degradation by nearly 8-fold, and more than 60% of the degraded haem could be accounted for as @entity4 alpha. The haem-degrading activity of complex I appeared to involve the activity of @entity0 , as the reaction was inhibited by nearly 90% by catalase, and propentdyopents were detected as reaction products. Intact haemoproteins such as @entity3 and myoglobin were not effective substrates. However, the haem undecapeptide of @entity3 was degraded at a rate equal to that observed for haem. Haematohaem was degraded at a rate 50% lower than that observed for haem. It is suggested that the @entity2 -dependent haem-degradation system may have a biological role in the regulation of the concentration of respiratory haemoproteins and the disposition of the aberrant forms of the mitochondrial haemoproteins.

title: Characterization of an XXXX -dependent haem-degrading system in ox heart mitochondria.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The spleens of old NZB @entity1 have an abnormal population of B cells with extra chromosomes. These @entity3 B cells manifest increased proliferative capacity; they grow in (NZB X DBA/2)F1 spleens after intravenous injections. Molecular analysis of individual old NZB and F1 passaged spleens demonstrate that @entity3 cells represent a clonal or oligoclonal expansion of B cells. All spleens with at least 10% @entity3 cells demonstrated both heavy and kappa light chain immunoglobulin gene rearrangements by Southern blot hybridization. None of the @entity3 spleens from old NZB @entity1 had lambda rearrangements and only one of five showed evidence of clonal rearrangement of the TCR-beta gene. One also had a VK10 clonal rearrangement. Elevated @entity2 oncogene protein was observed in NZB @entity3 spleen cells; however, no @entity2 or other oncogene rearrangements or amplifications were seen. @entity3 cells were IgM-bright, IgD-dull, Ia+, dull B220, @entity4 -, and Ly-1-dull. Spleens with @entity3 B cells had increased percentages of Ly-1 B cells. The data suggest that @entity3 cells in old NZB @entity1 represent clonal expansion of B cells and that they may represent an intermediate stage between autoimmunity and @entity0 .

title: Clonal expansion of abnormal B cells in old NZB XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Clinical records of one hundred pediatric @entity0 affected by @entity7 have been analyzed. All the @entity0 have been followed since the beginning of the disease and they have had a check up on average of four months (weight, height, blood pressure, @entity9 , @entity8 , Triglyceridemia, renal function were evaluated). The method of home-self-monitoring was applied. After four years, and periodically thereafter, microvascular abnormalities were evaluated in all the @entity0 by @entity5 angiography. @entity2 was evaluated only in symptomatic @entity0 by peripheral nerve conduction. The average follow up period was 6.1 years (range 1-20). RESULTS: the onset of the disease was expressed in 11% of the cases by @entity4 , in 14% by @entity6 , in the remaining cases by @entity10 only. The severity of initial symptoms has progressively and significantly decreased in the last years. In 7% of the subjects @entity1 affected more members of the same family (4 couples of siblings and 3 couples of parent- @entity0 ). An infection preceding the onset of the disease was present in the history of 23% of the cases. Islet cell antibodies were found in 83% of the studied cases at the onset of the disease. In 80 out of the 100 @entity0 a detailed history has been obtained about the occurrence of @entity6 episodes after the first admission and about the occurrence of severe hypoglycemic crises ( @entity3 and/or @entity4 ). 17% of the @entity0 presented at least one @entity6 episode after the first admission (the main cause was infection before 12 years of age, an emotional problem thereafter).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity8 -dependent XXXX . Study and follow-up of 100 cases].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Clinical records of one hundred pediatric @entity0 affected by @entity7 have been analyzed. All the @entity0 have been followed since the beginning of the disease and they have had a check up on average of four months (weight, height, blood pressure, @entity9 , @entity8 , Triglyceridemia, renal function were evaluated). The method of home-self-monitoring was applied. After four years, and periodically thereafter, microvascular abnormalities were evaluated in all the @entity0 by @entity5 angiography. @entity2 was evaluated only in symptomatic @entity0 by peripheral nerve conduction. The average follow up period was 6.1 years (range 1-20). RESULTS: the onset of the disease was expressed in 11% of the cases by @entity4 , in 14% by @entity6 , in the remaining cases by @entity10 only. The severity of initial symptoms has progressively and significantly decreased in the last years. In 7% of the subjects @entity1 affected more members of the same family (4 couples of siblings and 3 couples of parent- @entity0 ). An infection preceding the onset of the disease was present in the history of 23% of the cases. Islet cell antibodies were found in 83% of the studied cases at the onset of the disease. In 80 out of the 100 @entity0 a detailed history has been obtained about the occurrence of @entity6 episodes after the first admission and about the occurrence of severe hypoglycemic crises ( @entity3 and/or @entity4 ). 17% of the @entity0 presented at least one @entity6 episode after the first admission (the main cause was infection before 12 years of age, an emotional problem thereafter).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX -dependent @entity1 . Study and follow-up of 100 cases].

answer: @entity8


abstract: Seven hundred and seventy nine isolates of @entity2 from the County of Avon, United Kingdom, were examined by auxotyping and @entity0 susceptibility testing. @entity3 which were heterogeneous as judge by @entity0 susceptibility were the most commonly isolated and increased in prevalence over the three year period. The group most generally susceptible to @entity0 required ArgHypUra for growth and decreased in prevalence over the three year period. Ten strains failed to grow on the auxotyping medium. Serogrouping was undertaken on 408 isolates. All strains reacting with the WI reagents were ArgHypUra requiring. However auxotypically similar strains (ArgHypUra) reacted with WII/WIII reagents suggesting a distinct and separately evolved group. Twenty four strains did not type with the serogrouping reagents. Using contact pairs, W-class serology was found to be a stable marker during natural transmission. However auxotypes were found to be unstable in 22 of 104 contact pairs and of these 18 involved a single requirement for @entity1 . This very high incidence of instability with respect to this marker means it is not possible to reliably differentiate between the prototrophic group and the group with a single requirement for @entity1 .

title: Epidemiological studies on XXXX isolated in the United Kingdom.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The retrospective analysis of 53 cases with supratentorial low-grade (grade 1 or 2 due to WHO grading) @entity4 included the years 1965-84. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 61.9% and 52.1%, respectively. The recurrence of @entity1 occurred in 15 cases (28.3%), almost within 3 years after the initial treatment, and early recurrent cases indicated poor results. Among them, 6 cases were noticed increasing @entity1 of histological findings. According to our investigations, the factors which influence to the survival rate were age of @entity0 , duration of symptoms before treatment, presence of @entity2 and @entity1 . The @entity0 with good prognosis were under 20-year old, over 6 months of duration, with no neurological signs and with @entity3 . But, 5-year survival rate was not so improved by postoperative radiation therapy. Analysis on the effects of chemotherapy for low-grade @entity4 was little reported. We treated 26 @entity0 with RAFP therapy (Radiation + @entity5 + @entity6 + @entity7 ). Only 2 cases out of 26 showed the recurrence till now. The rate of @entity1 was 46.2% by CT scan. So, it was considered that RAFP therapy was effective for supratentorial low-grade @entity4 .

title: [Results of supratentorial low-grade XXXX --effects of combined radiochemotherapy].

answer: @entity4


abstract: We have presented three cases of @entity1 to the orbit. The first case illustrated @entity1 that originated from a @entity4 . This lesion, first reported by MacCormac as being morphologically intermediate between basal and @entity3 , has become a topic of some controversy. Conley reported these @entity2 to represent 1% of @entity5 . Several authors have reported a higher incidence of recurrence with these lesions, as compared with the @entity7 . Recurrence of @entity5 are reported as approximately 10%, but are four times greater in the basosquamous cell @entity2 . The incidence of @entity1 with the basosquamous cell @entity2 has been reported in between 37% and 51% of cases. The second case represented involvement of the orbit by direct extension of a @entity3 . As illustrated by this case, these @entity2 can be very aggressive and should be treated with respect. The third case showed the metastatic potential of the @entity6 with @entity1 that involved the eye, orbit, and maxilla. Diagnostic techniques available in evaluation of these @entity2 include CT scan, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, ultrasound, open biopsy, and fine-needle aspiration. Li et al., in an article that compared MR imaging, CT scan, and ultrasound concluded that MR imaging, with the use of the 0.15 T resistive magnet, offered no distinct advantage over the combination of CT and ultrasound in evaluation of @entity0 with @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Secondary and XXXX of the orbit.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The authors describe autopsy cases of primary extranodal @entity5 of the oral regions in 11 (8%) of 134 @entity0 : 10 were clinical stage IE, and one was IIE. Histologic subtypes of each @entity3 included the diffuse large cell type (8 cases), diffuse mixed type (2 cases) and Burkitt's type (1 case) according to the @entity3 Study Group (JLSG) classification. All patients received anti-lymphomatous chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Nine cases had active disease, 3/9 manifesting @entity4 . Nodes were involved. There was involvement of cervical lymph nodes in 7 (64%). Viscera most commonly involved were, in order of decreasing frequency: lung, kidney, pancreas, liver, spleen, heart, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow, and adrenal gland. It is apparent that primary extranodal @entity5 of the oral region arise in a single focus, and extensions of the disease are not random. The primary lesions spread to regional lymph nodes by way of lymphatic channels, and to extranodal organs of the intrathoracic and intraabdominal regions by contiguous direct invasion of adjacent organs and by blood-borne @entity1 . Wide spread dissemination at the time of @entity2 was found in 6 cases and 3 modes of spreading were observed.

title: Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's XXXX of the oral region: analysis of 11 autopsy cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Copies of death certificates were provided by the Registrar General for all @entity1 attributed to @entity3 in @entity0 aged 5 to 34 years which were registered in England and Wales in the last quarter of 1966 and the first quarter of 1967. Information was obtained from the relevant general practitioners about 177 of the 184 subjects, and necropsy data were obtained for 113 of the 124 cases in which a post-mortem examination was known to have been made. Ninety-eight per cent. of the subjects for whom evidence was obtained were known to have been suffering from @entity3 , and signs of severe @entity3 (overdistended lungs and small bronchi plugged with mucus) were found in 91% of necropsies (57% of all @entity1 ). Evidence that death might have been due to any other pathological condition was rare. @entity1 was sudden and unexpected in 81% of the subjects (137 out of 171), and 59% of all @entity1 were referred to coroners. In 39% of cases (67 out of 171) the practitioner had not regarded the @entity0 as suffering from severe @entity3 in his terminal episode. @entity2 and sympathomimetic preparations were the only drugs to have been used by a large proportion of @entity0 . Two-thirds of the @entity0 had received corticosteroids before the terminal episode, but detailed information about their use provided no suggestion that excess use could have been responsible for any large proportion of the @entity1 . Eighty-four per cent. of the @entity0 were known to have used pressurized aerosol bronchodilators, and several instances of their use in excess were described. Routine inquiries about their use in the hours immediately preceding death were not made, and further evidence is required before their effect can be assessed adequately.

title: Investigation into use of drugs preceding death from XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The organization and sequence of the rDNA multigene family of four @entity0 species (melanogaster, orena, virilis and hydei) have been compared in order to understand the quality and quantity of the differences which are involved with interspecific divergence of promoters and the polymerase I complexes (molecular coevolution). Each species has an intergenic spacer (IGS) made up of subrepeats which contain duplications of the promoter. Major structural and point-mutational differences exist, most of which have been spread by unequal crossingover through the family and species. Structural differences involve the types, lengths and copy-number of the IGS subrepeats, and the lengths and position of "unique" regions between blocks of repeats. The 240 base-pair repeat array shared by @entity0 and D. orena has been replaced by a 220 base-pair repeat, and the 95 and 330 base-pair arrays are absent altogether in @entity1 and D. hydei. The length of the "unique" region between the 240/220 base-pair arrays and the start of transcription varies, with the unusual situation of the last of the 220 repeats ending at the external transcribed spacer (ETS) boundary in @entity1 . Other structural differences involve regions of high cryptic simplicity arising from slippage in @entity1 and D. hydei IGSs. Sequence analysis of IGS and the ETSs indicates that the rDNA is not uniformly divergent throughout its length. Apart from the genes, there are regions of relatively high conservation covering the promoter regions and at some but not all potential RNA processing sites. The conserved promoter regions are more extensive within each pair of species @entity0 versus D. orena and @entity1 versus D. hydei, in keeping with their phylogenetic distances. Slippage-like mechanisms are involved with large numbers of deletions/insertions that make up the ETS differences between the species. Patterns of shared mutations between IGS subrepeats indicate stages of transition during rDNA differentiation by continual homogenization. The simultaneous operation of different turnover mechanisms, at different periodicities and rates, generates a complex picture of reorganization, some of which would influence the process of molecular coevolution in the family.

title: Evolutionary divergence of promoters and spacers in the rDNA family of four XXXX species. Implications for molecular coevolution in multigene families.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The cornerstone for radiographic evaluation of genitourinary @entity2 is intravenous pyelography (IVP). Despite its widespread use, however, the indications for emergency IVP in @entity2 remain controversial. Some authors recommend the use of an IVP for all @entity0 with @entity4 , while others are selective, basing their decision on the degree of @entity4 or such other factors as the mechanism of injury, physical examination, or the presence of associated injuries. Based on the data reviewed for blunt and penetrating @entity2 , we recommend that an IVP be performed in: all @entity0 with gross @entity4 ; all @entity0 who present with @entity3 or tenderness that could be referrable to the genitourinary tract, even in the absence of @entity4 ; all @entity0 with flank @entity6 or ecchymosis; and all @entity0 with penetrating @entity2 that could reasonably be expected to injure the genitourinary tract. Recently computed tomography (CT) has been proposed for the evaluation of renal @entity2 . The CT proponents cite superior definition of the extent of @entity1 and superior detection of injuries not clinically suspected. Some have proposed the following algorithm, incorporating computed tomography. If an isolated @entity1 is suspected clinically, an emergency IVP is performed. If the IVP is normal, expectant conservative treatment follows. If the IVP is abnormal or if the @entity0 has persistent symptoms, an emergency CT scan is performed. Furthermore computed tomography is performed initially in the stable @entity0 with @entity5 and in the @entity0 with suspected severe @entity1 . While this algorithm has not been universally accepted, future studies confirming the theoretical advantages of this approach are anticipated.

title: Indications for intravenous pyelography in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: H466-B and T47-D @entity0 cell lines were treated with recombinant gamma interferon (r gamma IFN) to study major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II antigen responses. Untreated H466-B cells released @entity3 ( @entity3 ) into the culture medium and expressed @entity3 and class I heavy chain on 100% of the cells. The expression of class II antigens (DR) was limited to 8 +/- 4% of the cells. This subpopulation was isolated by cell sorting and labelled with 35S @entity2 . Protein extracts were immunoprecipitated with anti-DR antibody and subjected to two dimensional non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). A normal pattern of expression of invariant, alpha and beta chains was shown. The MHC antigenic expression of H466-B parental cell line was not modified by interferon treatment. Untreated T47-D cells did not release @entity3 into the culture medium, expressed @entity3 and class I heavy chain on 100% of the cells but did not express class II molecules using radio-immunoassay or 2D-PAGE. As early as 24 h after r gamma IFN addition, T47-D cells released @entity3 into the medium, @entity3 and class I heavy chain were significantly greater than that of untreated cells, and class II antigenic expression was found, all these in a dose dependent manner. 2D-PAGE analysis of class II antigens revealed the profile of @entity1 DR molecules but this expression seemed incomplete since only single alpha and beta spots were detected suggesting a possible defect in the sialilation of DR molecules. These results show a heterogeneity in MHC antigenic responses to r gamma IFN and suggest that synthetized class II molecules may be incompletely processed.

title: Quantitative modifications of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens induced by recombinant gamma interferon in two @entity1 XXXX lines.

answer: @entity0


abstract: H466-B and T47-D @entity0 cell lines were treated with recombinant gamma interferon (r gamma IFN) to study major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II antigen responses. Untreated H466-B cells released @entity3 ( @entity3 ) into the culture medium and expressed @entity3 and class I heavy chain on 100% of the cells. The expression of class II antigens (DR) was limited to 8 +/- 4% of the cells. This subpopulation was isolated by cell sorting and labelled with 35S @entity2 . Protein extracts were immunoprecipitated with anti-DR antibody and subjected to two dimensional non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). A normal pattern of expression of invariant, alpha and beta chains was shown. The MHC antigenic expression of H466-B parental cell line was not modified by interferon treatment. Untreated T47-D cells did not release @entity3 into the culture medium, expressed @entity3 and class I heavy chain on 100% of the cells but did not express class II molecules using radio-immunoassay or 2D-PAGE. As early as 24 h after r gamma IFN addition, T47-D cells released @entity3 into the medium, @entity3 and class I heavy chain were significantly greater than that of untreated cells, and class II antigenic expression was found, all these in a dose dependent manner. 2D-PAGE analysis of class II antigens revealed the profile of @entity1 DR molecules but this expression seemed incomplete since only single alpha and beta spots were detected suggesting a possible defect in the sialilation of DR molecules. These results show a heterogeneity in MHC antigenic responses to r gamma IFN and suggest that synthetized class II molecules may be incompletely processed.

title: Quantitative modifications of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens induced by recombinant gamma interferon in two XXXX @entity0 lines.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Seventy-nine @entity0 with soft tissue @entity3 were treated with fast neutron therapy at the Hammersmith Hospital, MRC Cyclotron Unit. Sixty-six of these, treated between 1971 and 1983 were assessable. The histology was reviewed and graded in 82% of cases and @entity2 divided into groups according to maximum diameter. In sixteen @entity0 , who were irradiated following complete macroscopic removal of @entity2 , there was 94% local control and 86% survived 5 years. Of the 50 @entity0 who had gross @entity2 present 62% were greater than 10 cm in diameter, and 20 were recurrent after previous radiotherapy or surgery or both. Sixty-eight per cent of gross @entity2 completely regressed and local control was 52%. The main cause of death was metastatic spread, and median survival was 63 months for Grade 1 @entity0 , 9 months for Grade 2, and 7 months for Grade 3. Thus, there was a significant advantage to @entity0 with Grade 1 @entity2 but little difference between Grades 2 and 3. Twenty-seven @entity0 experienced late complications of treatment, 67% of which involved the skin predominantly and were related to the low energy of neutrons used. Seventeen of the 27 had received previous radiotherapy. Neutron therapy given in this dose and fractionation produced a higher local control rate than photon therapy, but complications were more frequent. Since these mainly involved the skin a lower level of complications may be anticipated using higher energy neutrons which will have a more even distribution of dose and lower skin dosage. Forty-eight per cent of @entity0 developed @entity1 , indicating the need for effective systemic therapy, especially in Grades 2 and 3 @entity2 .

title: Fast neutron therapy for soft tissue XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: One hundred and thirteen cases of recurrent and/or unresectable @entity1 , treated with fast neutron therapy at Fermilab between September 1976 and December 1984, are analyzed for local control, sites of failure, and treatment-related morbidity. Sixty-three @entity0 had major and 55 had @entity1 . Local control was achieved in 67% of @entity0 with major and 58% of @entity0 with @entity1 . In the subgroup of @entity0 with oropharyngeal and oral cavity lesions, 19/24 (80%) had local control. However, only four of 15 @entity0 with @entity1 had successful control of their disease. Seventy-four percent of @entity0 with lesions measuring 5 cm or less and 30% of @entity0 with larger lesions had their local disease controlled. Histology did not influence the local control rate. Both observed and adjusted median survival for @entity0 with major @entity1 was 36 months. Disease-free survival was 31 months. Observed and adjusted median survivals for @entity0 with @entity1 are 48 and 57 months respectively. Twenty of 86 @entity0 (23%) had major morbidity; this was directly related to the total dose delivered. In the dose range 20-24 Gy the complication rate was 16%. Most of these complications were successfully managed with minimal functional disability. We have concluded that fast neutron irradiation is an appropriate treatment for @entity1 .

title: An update on XXXX treated with neutrons at Fermilab.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The large majority of @entity1 are well or moderately differentiated @entity3 . Their biological behavior is not as malignant as that of @entity0 , with a tendency of slow growth and limited spread. Surgery is therefore the first choice for management of these @entity0 even in cases @entity0 is not expected, surgery is useful for the prolongation or improvement of the quality of life. However, the correct choice of operation for such cases is very important. The extent of resection and dissection must be decided based upon the degree of @entity0 spread. Both must be sufficient, but not excessive. In cases in the early stage where cancerous growth has not spread beyond the submucosal layer, local or segmental excision may be a good enough treatment. On the other hand, for far advanced @entity0 involving adjacent organs, combined resection and pelvic evisceration is curatively effective. Several pathological findings of resected specimens influencing prognosis were investigated in the present study. In cases which appeared to be diffuse infiltrative spreading type in macroscopic appearance or poorly differentiated, undifferentiated, or mucinous types of @entity0 in their histological features, survival rates were low. However, these were uncommon and over half of them were much too far advanced to receive curative resection. Irradiation combined with @entity2 or heavy chemotherapy were applied, but were mostly ineffective. For these uncommon types of cases as well as far advanced cases, we have no effective treatment other than surgery at this time.

title: [Treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The hormonal characteristics of anorchism are elevated basal levels of gonadotropins, especially follicle-stimulating hormone and a low concentration of plasma @entity2 that fails to increase after the administration of @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin. However, little is known about the dynamics of plasma gonadotropin secretion in @entity0 and @entity0 with anorchism. We analyzed plasma gonadotropin concentrations and their responses to luteinizing hormone releasing factor, along with plasma @entity2 responses to @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin, in 9 @entity0 with surgically proved bilateral anorchism. Basal concentrations of gonadotropins, especially plasma follicle-stimulating hormone, are elevated above normal during the first 3 to 4 years of life, decrease gradually to normal prepubertal levels and then increase again after age 9 years. This age-dependent diphasic pattern of gonadotropin secretion is comparable to that described previously in @entity0 with the syndrome of @entity3 and it is consistent with @entity1 -independent central nervous system inhibition of pulsatile luteinizing hormone releasing factor secretion during mid childhood. Moreover, a sex difference in follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone values was observed; the mean follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations in anorchid @entity0 less than 3 years old were lower than in @entity0 with @entity4 . We suggest that this sex dichotomy is a consequence, at least in part, of the actions of @entity2 derived from the fetal testis on the fetal hypothalamus. Luteinizing hormone releasing factor administration to anorchid male subjects resulted in an age-dependent augmented release of gonadotropin, particularly follicle-stimulating hormone. This study emphasizes that the age of the @entity0 must be considered when interpreting basal gonadotropin levels. We also propose that in mid childhood the luteinizing hormone releasing factor test in conjunction with the @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin stimulation test is a more accurate hormonal indicator of @entity0 with congenital anorchism than either the @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin test or basal gonadotropin concentrations.

title: Ontogeny of gonadotropin secretion in congenital anorchism: sexual dimorphism versus syndrome of XXXX and diagnostic considerations.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Trisomic and normal control embryos 9.5 through 12 gestational days were examined externally and on serial section with standard light microscopy techniques. Trisomic embryos showed significant retardation in length, weight, optic angle, and somite numbers at most times (p less than .05), and were 1/2 day behind normal animals in overall development. The eye showed the most defects, and these appeared at every period. They included @entity6 , large intraretinal space, and dysmorphia of optic cup layers. @entity2 were found at all times. The most common were narrow brain vesicles and folding of the vesicle walls. Some animals showed @entity4 . The major defect in neural crest derivatives was deficient frontonasal processes in the most defective embryos. The study supports the conclusion of previous investigators that @entity8 is a syndrome of growth and @entity5 with a wide range of defects. Definitive evidence, previously lacking, indicates that @entity3 and defective morphogenesis are apparent before 11 days of gestation. In addition, according to our measurements, optic angles are larger in trisomic @entity1 than in normal littermates. This is in contrast to the only previous investigation that included such measurements. Our data do not give definitive support to the suggestion that trisomy 1 belongs to the holoprosencephaly- @entity7 spectrum. However, the hypothesis that @entity1 trisomy 1 shows a parallel in development to @entity0 trisomy 13 is not supported by our data. Possible causal mechanisms for the defects and @entity3 are discussed.

title: Development of the embryonic trisomy 1 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 involving right-sided valvular structures is largely a disease of intravenous drug abusers. The majority of these @entity0 respond to antibiotic therapy with clearing of their @entity3 and preservation of their hemodynamic status. This study evaluated the prognostic value of echocardiographically determined vegetation size in 23 episodes of right-sided @entity1 in 21 @entity0 . Right-sided vegetations were visualized in 19 of 23 episodes (83 percent). Of these, a vegetation of 1.0 cm or greater was found in 11. No @entity0 with an echocardiographically determined vegetation size of less than 1.0 cm required surgery, whereas four of 11 (36 percent) of those episodes in which the vegetation size was 1.0 cm or greater required surgery for persistent pyrexia (p less than 0.05). In all @entity0 requiring surgery, a bioprosthetic tricuspid valve was placed at the time of initial surgery and in no @entity0 did early reinfection occur. This study reconfirms the benign prognosis of right-sided @entity1 . Further, although vegetations of less than 1.0 cm identify those @entity0 who will respond to medical therapy, echocardiographically documented vegetations of 1.0 cm or greater are associated with a significantly lower response rate to appropriate medical therapy. The association of fever that persists for more than three weeks in the absence of another source of infection with an echocardiographically demonstrable right-sided vegetation of 1 cm or more identifies those @entity0 who will require surgical intervention. Finally, tricuspid valve replacement can be performed at the time of initial surgery without undue concern for early reinfection or @entity1 .

title: Influence of vegetation size on clinical outcome of right-sided XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Serum TSH was determined photometrically by a recently developed enzyme immunoassay (EIA) based on the use of a monoclonal antihuman @entity6 antibody and a polyclonal antiTSH antibody coupled to horseradish peroxidase. The results obtained in @entity0 with various @entity2 and in normal controls were compared with those achieved by conventional double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA). In normal subjects, serum TSH was detectable in all cases by EIA (values ranging from 0.27 to 5.1 mU/L), but only in 76% by RIA. Ninety-two percent of hyperthyroids had undetectable serum TSH by EIA and the remaining 8% had values between 0.2 and 0.4 mU/L. In clinically euthyroid @entity0 with @entity5 , 9% had undetectable serum TSH by EIA, suggesting the presence of autonomously functioning areas within the thyroid. Serum TSH under basal conditions and after @entity1 stimulation was measured in 45 @entity0 on @entity3 suppressive therapy. Undetectable basal serum TSH by EIA was associated with a lack of TSH response to @entity1 in 95% of cases. Conversely, 37.5% of @entity0 with undetectable basal serum TSH by RIA had a normal or blunted response to @entity1 . Detectable basal values were predictive of a normal response to @entity1 by both methods. These data indicate that basal serum TSH measurement by EIA allows an almost complete differentiation of normal from @entity4 @entity0 and can avoid the need of the @entity1 stimulation test.

title: Serum TSH measurements by a sensitive enzyme immunoassay discriminate euthyroid from hyperthyroid subjects and avoid the need for XXXX test during suppressive therapy with @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Serum TSH was determined photometrically by a recently developed enzyme immunoassay (EIA) based on the use of a monoclonal antihuman @entity6 antibody and a polyclonal antiTSH antibody coupled to horseradish peroxidase. The results obtained in @entity0 with various @entity2 and in normal controls were compared with those achieved by conventional double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA). In normal subjects, serum TSH was detectable in all cases by EIA (values ranging from 0.27 to 5.1 mU/L), but only in 76% by RIA. Ninety-two percent of hyperthyroids had undetectable serum TSH by EIA and the remaining 8% had values between 0.2 and 0.4 mU/L. In clinically euthyroid @entity0 with @entity5 , 9% had undetectable serum TSH by EIA, suggesting the presence of autonomously functioning areas within the thyroid. Serum TSH under basal conditions and after @entity1 stimulation was measured in 45 @entity0 on @entity3 suppressive therapy. Undetectable basal serum TSH by EIA was associated with a lack of TSH response to @entity1 in 95% of cases. Conversely, 37.5% of @entity0 with undetectable basal serum TSH by RIA had a normal or blunted response to @entity1 . Detectable basal values were predictive of a normal response to @entity1 by both methods. These data indicate that basal serum TSH measurement by EIA allows an almost complete differentiation of normal from @entity4 @entity0 and can avoid the need of the @entity1 stimulation test.

title: Serum TSH measurements by a sensitive enzyme immunoassay discriminate euthyroid from hyperthyroid subjects and avoid the need for @entity1 test during suppressive therapy with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: An X-ray irradiation method was employed to analyse the role of cell proliferation in vitro in the cleft formation of @entity0 embryonic submandibular epithelium at early stages. When the mid 12-day gland was exposed to 200 rad of X-rays, the growth was severely retarded. In contrast, late 12-day and early 13-day glands grew apparently in a normal fashion, as did the control gland, for up to 40 h. In either case, they formed shallow clefts within 10 h of culture. With 1000 rad irradiation, the mid 12-day gland did not grow at all, but formed clefts within 20 h of culture followed by a rapid degeneration. Under the same conditions, the growth of the late 12-day gland, which was at the stage just before branching, was retarded until 10 h of culture, followed by a slight increase in epithelial size, but cleft formation was also observed within 6-10 h, as in the control gland. When exposed to a dose of 1000 rad of X-rays, the early 13-day and the late 12-day glands exhibited similar radiosensitivity; the @entity2 in the epithelium deepened and new clefts began to form within 6-10 h of culture. @entity1 incorporation studies revealed that a dose of 1000 rad reduced DNA synthesis of mid and late 12-day glands by 72 and 65%, respectively. Histological examination of X-irradiated late 12-day gland showed that mitotic figures were rarely seen in the epithelium at 6 h of culture. @entity3 , a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis, could not halt the cleft formation of the late 12-day gland. In this experiment 89% of DNA synthesis was inhibited. Treatment of an X-ray irradiated late 12-day gland with @entity3 blocked 92% of the DNA synthesis, but did not prevent cleft formation taking place. These results indicate that neither cell division nor DNA synthesis, is required for the initiation process of the cleft formation of the @entity0 embryonic submandibular epithelium at early morphogenetic stages in vitro.

title: Cell proliferation is not required for the initiation of early cleft formation in XXXX embryonic submandibular epithelium in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 and adnexa commonly simulates other entities both clinically and pathologically. Between 1905 and 1981, 43 @entity0 with sebaceous @entity3 were seen at the Mayo Clinic. Prior to establishing the diagnosis of @entity3 , @entity0 commonly carried multiple clinical diagnoses (mean = 2.2) and multiple microscopic diagnosis (mean = 1.7). The most common clinical diagnosis was chalazion. The @entity0 ' average age at the onset of symptoms was 61.5, with females predominating. The upper eyelid was most commonly involved. The conjunctival surface was involved alone in a statistically greater number of @entity0 with @entity1 (P less than 0.05). Second @entity2 and/or radiation exposure was found in 11 @entity0 , or 25% of our series. Of the second @entity2 , @entity2 of the skin and breast were most common. @entity3 should be suspect in atypical presentations of common disorders and in cases in which clinical and pathologic findings are not well correlated. If sebaceous @entity3 is a diagnostic consideration, we recommend a frozen section with fat stain together with a full-thickness lid biopsy. Surveillance for second @entity2 may be warranted.

title: XXXX : pitfalls in diagnosis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity1 have low bone density than healthy controls. It is now widely recognized that physical activity and sports are beneficial for @entity0 with @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of mild and moderate intensity treadmill walking exercises on markers of bone metabolism and hand @entity3 strength in male @entity0 with moderate @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty male @entity0 with moderate @entity1 , and age range from 25 to 45 years. The subjects were randomly assigned into 2 equal groups; the first group (A) received moderate intensity aerobic exercise training. The second group (B) received mild intensity aerobic exercise training. RESULTS: There was a 32.1% and 24.8% increase in mean values of serum @entity2 and hand @entity3 strength respectively and 22.7 % reduction in mean values of parathyroid hormone in moderate exercise training group (A). While there was a 15.1 % and 15 % increase in mean values of Serum @entity2 and Hand @entity3 strength respectively and 10.3 % reduction in mean values of parathyroid hormone in mild exercise training group(B). The mean values of serum @entity2 and hand @entity3 strength were significantly increased, while the mean values of parathyroid hormone were significantly decreased in both groups . There were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment. CONCLUSION: Moderate intensity aerobic exercise training on treadmill is appropriate to improve markers of bone metabolism and hand @entity3 strength in male @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Impact of Mild versus Moderate Intensity Aerobic Walking Exercise Training on Markers of Bone Metabolism and Hand XXXX Strength in Moderate Hemophilic A @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity1 have low bone density than healthy controls. It is now widely recognized that physical activity and sports are beneficial for @entity0 with @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of mild and moderate intensity treadmill walking exercises on markers of bone metabolism and hand @entity3 strength in male @entity0 with moderate @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty male @entity0 with moderate @entity1 , and age range from 25 to 45 years. The subjects were randomly assigned into 2 equal groups; the first group (A) received moderate intensity aerobic exercise training. The second group (B) received mild intensity aerobic exercise training. RESULTS: There was a 32.1% and 24.8% increase in mean values of serum @entity2 and hand @entity3 strength respectively and 22.7 % reduction in mean values of parathyroid hormone in moderate exercise training group (A). While there was a 15.1 % and 15 % increase in mean values of Serum @entity2 and Hand @entity3 strength respectively and 10.3 % reduction in mean values of parathyroid hormone in mild exercise training group(B). The mean values of serum @entity2 and hand @entity3 strength were significantly increased, while the mean values of parathyroid hormone were significantly decreased in both groups . There were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment. CONCLUSION: Moderate intensity aerobic exercise training on treadmill is appropriate to improve markers of bone metabolism and hand @entity3 strength in male @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Impact of Mild versus Moderate Intensity Aerobic Walking Exercise Training on Markers of Bone Metabolism and Hand @entity3 Strength in Moderate Hemophilic A XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and endovascular treatment of @entity5 (PICA) @entity2 . METHODS: 11 consecutive @entity0 (7 @entity0 , 4 @entity0 , mean age of 49.2 years) with @entity5 were studied retrospectively. All had onset of acute intraventricular or @entity4 , and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Hunt-Hess (HH) grades were H-H I in 1 @entity0 , H-H II in 5 @entity0 , H-H 111 in 4 @entity0 and H-H IV in 1 @entity0 on admission. RESULTS: All @entity0 were treated by endovascular treatment, seven cases got endosaccular coiling and four cases got parent @entity1 at the same time. All the @entity0 were followed up one to four years. Recurrences occurred in 1 @entity0 two years post-treatment, and were successfully retreated by endosaccular coiling and parent @entity1 . The occluded PICA was recanalized one year post-treatment but without any growth of the @entity2 in one case. One year post-treatment, 2 @entity0 had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0, 8 @entity0 had a mRS score of 1 and 1 @entity0 had a mRS score of 2. CONCLUSIONS: Coiling of ruptured distal PICA aneury, with or without parent vessel occlusion, was feasible, relatively safe and effective in preventing early/medium-term rebleeding. A strict angiographic follow-up, however, was necessary to detect recurrence.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX : report of 11 cases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 with mild @entity2 ( @entity2 ) as defined by an admission Glasgow @entity5 Score (GCS) of 14-15 often do not require neurosurgical interventions, but which @entity0 will go on to require neurosurgical care has been difficult to predict. We hypothesized that injury patterns would be associated with need for eventual neurosurgical intervention in mild @entity2 . METHODS: The National @entity1 Databank (2007-2012) was queried for @entity0 with @entity6 and a diagnosis of @entity2 with an emergency department GCS of 14-15. @entity0 were stratified by age and @entity1 . Multiple logistic regression for neurosurgical intervention was run with @entity0 demographics, physiologic variables, and injury diagnoses as dependent variables. RESULTS: The study included 50,496 @entity0 , with an overall 8.8  % rate of neurosurgical intervention. Neurosurgical intervention rates varied markedly according to @entity1 , and were only correlated with age for @entity0 with epidural and @entity4 . In multiple logistic regression, @entity2 diagnoses were predictive of need for neurosurgical interventions; moreover, after controlling for @entity1 and severity score, age was not significantly associated with requiring neurosurgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: We found that in mild @entity2 , injury pattern is associated with eventual need for neurosurgical intervention. @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity3 are much less likely to require neurosurgical intervention, and the effects of age are not significant after controlling for other @entity0 factors. Prospective studies should validate this finding so that treatment guidelines can be updated to better allocate ICU resources.

title: Prediction of neurosurgical intervention after mild XXXX using the national @entity1 data bank.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 with mild @entity2 ( @entity2 ) as defined by an admission Glasgow @entity5 Score (GCS) of 14-15 often do not require neurosurgical interventions, but which @entity0 will go on to require neurosurgical care has been difficult to predict. We hypothesized that injury patterns would be associated with need for eventual neurosurgical intervention in mild @entity2 . METHODS: The National @entity1 Databank (2007-2012) was queried for @entity0 with @entity6 and a diagnosis of @entity2 with an emergency department GCS of 14-15. @entity0 were stratified by age and @entity1 . Multiple logistic regression for neurosurgical intervention was run with @entity0 demographics, physiologic variables, and injury diagnoses as dependent variables. RESULTS: The study included 50,496 @entity0 , with an overall 8.8  % rate of neurosurgical intervention. Neurosurgical intervention rates varied markedly according to @entity1 , and were only correlated with age for @entity0 with epidural and @entity4 . In multiple logistic regression, @entity2 diagnoses were predictive of need for neurosurgical interventions; moreover, after controlling for @entity1 and severity score, age was not significantly associated with requiring neurosurgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: We found that in mild @entity2 , injury pattern is associated with eventual need for neurosurgical intervention. @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity3 are much less likely to require neurosurgical intervention, and the effects of age are not significant after controlling for other @entity0 factors. Prospective studies should validate this finding so that treatment guidelines can be updated to better allocate ICU resources.

title: Prediction of neurosurgical intervention after mild @entity2 using the national XXXX data bank.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The Missouri Breast @entity2 Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP) at the @entity2 Research Center in Columbia, Missouri, detected 136 malignant lesions among 10,187 asymptomatic @entity1 between 1974 and 1980. Mammography was the sole detection modality in 76 or 56% of cases (Group 1). Mammography combined with physical examination revealed 41 (30%) additional cases (Group 2). Physical examination alone detected 19 (14%) cases (Group 3). Follow-up was complete in all cases. There were 26 (19%) noninvasive and 110 (81%) invasive lesions. Positive axillary nodes were found in 34 (25%) cases, and 102 (75%) @entity1 had negative nodes. The overall 5-year survival was 84.5%. After a minimum follow-up of 5 years and a median follow-up of 8.5 years, 108 @entity1 are alive, 5 of whom have recurrences. Among 28 deceased @entity1 , 9 died of causes unrelated to @entity0 . The 5-year survival of Group 1 was 95% (72/76). Among this group of @entity1 , 84% (64/76) had negative lymph nodes. At 5 to 10 years follow-up, there have been no @entity0 -related @entity3 among this group, and only one @entity1 has recurrent disease 91 months after mastectomy. Furthermore, 85% (22/26) of all noninvasive lesions were found in this group. Of the remaining 12 @entity1 diagnosed by mammography alone but who had positive nodes, the 5-year survival was 75% (9/12). By contrast, @entity1 diagnosed by mammography plus physical examination (Group 2) experienced a survival of 71% (29/41) at 5 years. Sixty-three percent of @entity1 diagnosed by physical examination had negative lymph nodes. Their 5-year survival was 84%, which contrasts with a 50% 5-year survival for @entity1 with positive nodes. In Group 3, 79% (15/19) had negative nodes. The 5-year survival rate of this group was 74% (14/19), and the 5-year survival rate of the node-negative @entity1 with invasive disease in this group was 29% and 21% lower than that of the node-negative @entity1 with invasive disease of Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P less than 0.01). This study suggests that improved survival in @entity0 screening program is in large measure dependent on the ability to detect lesions before they become palpable. The authors conclude that mammography is a determining factor in early diagnosis, and at 5 to 10 years contributes significantly to improved 5- and 10-year survival rates.

title: The impact of XXXX screening on survival. A 5- to 10-year follow-up study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The advancement in the healthcare systems, stringent interventions for @entity1 and improved diet has significantly shifted the patterns of morbidities, and consequently hereditary and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have emerged as the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. In Pakistan, there is no systematic health surveillance system to assess the impact of such diseases particularly on the young and adult populations. METHODS: In order to glean into the health and morbidity profile of Azad Jammu and Kashmir we have carried out an epidemiological study in Bhimber District in the north-east of Pakistan. A total of 1,731 female subjects of age 12-75 yr originating from Bhimber were recruited through a cross-sectional study. RESULTS: There were 74 cases (and 15 types) of @entity0 with a prevalence estimate of 42.75/1,000. @entity0 was significantly higher in subjects who were illiterate and married, speaking Pahari language and belonged to rural areas and nuclear families. Additionally, there were 104 cases (and 21 types) of @entity1 (prevalence 60.08/1,000). @entity1 were observed to have higher prevalence in subjects who were illiterate and married, speaking Punjabi language, and belonged to higher age groups and nuclear families. CONCLUSION: This study explores the types and dynamics of morbidity across the major socio-demographic parameters of adult females of Bhimber and would be helpful in estimating the impact of morbidity in this population. A comprehensive country-wide study is the need of the time to identify specific risk factors associated with certain morbidity types and help prioritize areas for interventions.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and Non-Communicable Diseases in Women of Age 12-75 Years in District Bhimber, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Classical and @entity3 are traditionally treated with radiation therapy and are said to have the same prognosis. A retrospective study was undertaken of 90 @entity3 @entity0 treated with radiation therapy between 1961 and 1985. The classical group consisted of 71 @entity0 of whom 50 had stage I and 21 had @entity2 . The anaplastic group consisted of 19 @entity0 of whom ten had stage I and nine had @entity2 . The median follow-up time was 64 months for the entire group. The 10-year relapse-free survival rate for the classical group was 94% and for the anaplastic group was 70% (P less than .05). For @entity0 with classical stage I disease, the relapse-free actuarial survival rate was 98%; for @entity0 with anaplastic stage I disease, it was 64% (P less than .02). For the classical @entity2 group, the relapse-free actuarial survival rate was 84% and for the anaplastic @entity2 group, 75% (P less than .70). Four @entity0 in the classical group (6%) had relapses; of these, one @entity0 had local recurrence of @entity1 , and three had distant metastases. In the anaplastic group, four @entity0 (21%) had relapses; two @entity0 had local recurrence of @entity1 , and two had distant metastases. Therefore the data suggest a difference in survival and relapse rates between classical and @entity3 .

title: Classical and XXXX : difference in survival.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This paper presents findings based on a one-year pre-introductory clinical investigation concerning safety, efficacy, and acceptability of the new contraceptive NORPLANT implants in @entity3 Lanka. The study is based on 400 acceptors of the implants at two clinics in @entity3 Lanka. Acceptors' mean age was 27 years, mean number of @entity0 was about two, and average educational attainment was eight years. Nearly half of the acceptors did not want to have another @entity0 . Follow-up was conducted at one, three, six, and twelve months. The one-year termination rate due to medical problems was very low, and the one-year life-table pregnancy rate was 0.5. Menstrual pattern disruption was the most frequently reported complaint with the implants. @entity2 increased in the first three months of use, and @entity1 was common among those menstruating. In spite of these changes and some significant variations between the acceptors in the two study center, the overall degree of satisfaction with the implants was very high. The features most important to the acceptability of the implants were low risk of pregnancy, the long duration of action, and the convenience of use. The results of the study suggest that NORPLANT implants are safe, effective, and highly acceptable to @entity3 Lankan @entity0 .

title: Evaluation of safety, efficacy, and acceptability of NORPLANT implants in XXXX Lanka.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Factors associated with early arrival may vary according to the characteristics of the hospital. We investigated the factors associated with early hospital arrival in two different @entity1 centers located in Korea and Japan. METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 arrived hospital within 48 hours of onset between January 2011 and December 2012 were identified and the clinical and time variables were retrieved from the prospective @entity1 registries of Severance Hospital of Yonsei University Health System (YUHS; Seoul, Korea) and National @entity2 (NCVC; Osaka, Japan). Subjects were dichotomized into early (time from onset to arrival  <=4.5 hours) and late (>4.5 hours) arrival groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with early hospital arrival. RESULTS: A total of 1,966 subjects (992 from YUHS; 974 from NCVC) were included in this study. The median time from onset to arrival was 6.1 hours [interquartile range, 1.7-17.8 hours]. In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with early arrival were @entity4 (Odds ratio [OR], 1.505; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.168-1.939]), higher initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores (OR, 1.037; 95% CI [1.023-1.051]), onset during daytime (OR, 2.799; 95% CI [2.173-3.605]), and transport by an emergency medical service (OR, 2.127; 95% CI [1.700-2.661]). These factors were consistently associated with early arrival in both hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Despite differences between the hospitals, there were common factors related to early arrival. Efforts to identify and modify these factors may promote early hospital arrival and improve @entity1 outcome.

title: Factors Associated with Early Hospital Arrival in @entity0 with Acute XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Factors associated with early arrival may vary according to the characteristics of the hospital. We investigated the factors associated with early hospital arrival in two different @entity1 centers located in Korea and Japan. METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 arrived hospital within 48 hours of onset between January 2011 and December 2012 were identified and the clinical and time variables were retrieved from the prospective @entity1 registries of Severance Hospital of Yonsei University Health System (YUHS; Seoul, Korea) and National @entity2 (NCVC; Osaka, Japan). Subjects were dichotomized into early (time from onset to arrival  <=4.5 hours) and late (>4.5 hours) arrival groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with early hospital arrival. RESULTS: A total of 1,966 subjects (992 from YUHS; 974 from NCVC) were included in this study. The median time from onset to arrival was 6.1 hours [interquartile range, 1.7-17.8 hours]. In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with early arrival were @entity4 (Odds ratio [OR], 1.505; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.168-1.939]), higher initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores (OR, 1.037; 95% CI [1.023-1.051]), onset during daytime (OR, 2.799; 95% CI [2.173-3.605]), and transport by an emergency medical service (OR, 2.127; 95% CI [1.700-2.661]). These factors were consistently associated with early arrival in both hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Despite differences between the hospitals, there were common factors related to early arrival. Efforts to identify and modify these factors may promote early hospital arrival and improve @entity1 outcome.

title: Factors Associated with Early Hospital Arrival in XXXX with Acute @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a significant cause of disability and @entity6 and a huge economic burden throughout the world. Much of the morbidity associated with @entity5 is attributed to secondary @entity9 resulting in @entity8 and @entity2 after the initial @entity4 . Intracranial @entity3 and decreased partial brain @entity1 tension (PbtO2) are targeted as potentially avoidable causes of morbidity. @entity10 ( @entity10 ) may be an effective intervention to reduce @entity7 ( @entity7 ), but could also affect cerebral blood flow (CBF). This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 17 @entity0 admitted to the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh. @entity0 with an @entity7 >20   mmHg refractory to initial therapy were randomized to standard care or standard care and @entity10 (intervention group) titrated between 32  C and 35  C to reduce @entity7 . @entity7 and PbtO2 were measured using the Licox system and core temperature was recorded through rectal thermometer. Data were analyzed at the hour before cooling, the first hour at target temperature, 2 consecutive hours at target temperature, and after 6 hours of @entity10 . There was a mean decrease in @entity7 of 4.3  1.6   mmHg (p<0.04) from 15.7 to 11.4   mmHg, from precooling to the first epoch of @entity10 in the intervention group (n=9) that was not seen in the control group (n=8). A decrease in @entity7 was maintained throughout all time periods. There was a mean decrease in PbtO2 of 7.8  3.1   mmHg (p<0.05) from 30.2 to 22.4   mmHg, from precooling to stable @entity10 , which was not seen in the control group. This research supports others in demonstrating a decrease in @entity7 with temperature, which could facilitate a reduction in the use of hyperosmolar agents or other stage II interventions. The decrease in PbtO2 is not below the suggested treatment threshold of 20   mmHg, but might indicate a decrease in CBF.

title: Therapeutic Hypothermia Reduces Intracranial Pressure and Partial Brain @entity1 Tension in @entity0 with Severe XXXX : Preliminary Data from the Eurotherm3235 Trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a significant cause of disability and @entity6 and a huge economic burden throughout the world. Much of the morbidity associated with @entity5 is attributed to secondary @entity9 resulting in @entity8 and @entity2 after the initial @entity4 . Intracranial @entity3 and decreased partial brain @entity1 tension (PbtO2) are targeted as potentially avoidable causes of morbidity. @entity10 ( @entity10 ) may be an effective intervention to reduce @entity7 ( @entity7 ), but could also affect cerebral blood flow (CBF). This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 17 @entity0 admitted to the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh. @entity0 with an @entity7 >20   mmHg refractory to initial therapy were randomized to standard care or standard care and @entity10 (intervention group) titrated between 32  C and 35  C to reduce @entity7 . @entity7 and PbtO2 were measured using the Licox system and core temperature was recorded through rectal thermometer. Data were analyzed at the hour before cooling, the first hour at target temperature, 2 consecutive hours at target temperature, and after 6 hours of @entity10 . There was a mean decrease in @entity7 of 4.3  1.6   mmHg (p<0.04) from 15.7 to 11.4   mmHg, from precooling to the first epoch of @entity10 in the intervention group (n=9) that was not seen in the control group (n=8). A decrease in @entity7 was maintained throughout all time periods. There was a mean decrease in PbtO2 of 7.8  3.1   mmHg (p<0.05) from 30.2 to 22.4   mmHg, from precooling to stable @entity10 , which was not seen in the control group. This research supports others in demonstrating a decrease in @entity7 with temperature, which could facilitate a reduction in the use of hyperosmolar agents or other stage II interventions. The decrease in PbtO2 is not below the suggested treatment threshold of 20   mmHg, but might indicate a decrease in CBF.

title: Therapeutic Hypothermia Reduces Intracranial Pressure and Partial Brain XXXX Tension in @entity0 with Severe @entity5 : Preliminary Data from the Eurotherm3235 Trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a significant cause of disability and @entity6 and a huge economic burden throughout the world. Much of the morbidity associated with @entity5 is attributed to secondary @entity9 resulting in @entity8 and @entity2 after the initial @entity4 . Intracranial @entity3 and decreased partial brain @entity1 tension (PbtO2) are targeted as potentially avoidable causes of morbidity. @entity10 ( @entity10 ) may be an effective intervention to reduce @entity7 ( @entity7 ), but could also affect cerebral blood flow (CBF). This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 17 @entity0 admitted to the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh. @entity0 with an @entity7 >20   mmHg refractory to initial therapy were randomized to standard care or standard care and @entity10 (intervention group) titrated between 32  C and 35  C to reduce @entity7 . @entity7 and PbtO2 were measured using the Licox system and core temperature was recorded through rectal thermometer. Data were analyzed at the hour before cooling, the first hour at target temperature, 2 consecutive hours at target temperature, and after 6 hours of @entity10 . There was a mean decrease in @entity7 of 4.3  1.6   mmHg (p<0.04) from 15.7 to 11.4   mmHg, from precooling to the first epoch of @entity10 in the intervention group (n=9) that was not seen in the control group (n=8). A decrease in @entity7 was maintained throughout all time periods. There was a mean decrease in PbtO2 of 7.8  3.1   mmHg (p<0.05) from 30.2 to 22.4   mmHg, from precooling to stable @entity10 , which was not seen in the control group. This research supports others in demonstrating a decrease in @entity7 with temperature, which could facilitate a reduction in the use of hyperosmolar agents or other stage II interventions. The decrease in PbtO2 is not below the suggested treatment threshold of 20   mmHg, but might indicate a decrease in CBF.

title: Therapeutic Hypothermia Reduces Intracranial Pressure and Partial Brain @entity1 Tension in XXXX with Severe @entity5 : Preliminary Data from the Eurotherm3235 Trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of @entity3 in subjects with @entity2 is much higher than in the general population. The higher than chance co-occurrence has also been demonstrated at the level of subclinical expression of both phenotypes. Both extended phenotypes have been shown to cluster in families. However, little is known about the origins of their elevated co-occurrence. In the present study, evidence for a shared etiological mechanism was investigated in 3 samples with decreasing levels of @entity1 liability: 987 @entity0 , 973 of their unaffected siblings and 566 healthy controls. The association between the obsessive-compulsive phenotype and the @entity1 phenotype c.q. @entity1 liability was investigated. First, the association was assessed between (subclinical) @entity3 and @entity1 liability. Second, in a cross-sib cross-trait analysis, it was examined whether (subclinical) @entity3 in the @entity0 were associated with (subclinical) @entity1 in the related unaffected sibling. Evidence was found for both associations, which is compatible with a partially shared etiological pathway underlying @entity3 . This is the first study that used a cross-sib cross-trait design in @entity0 and unaffected siblings, thus circumventing confounding by disease-related factors present in clinical samples.

title: Evidence for a Shared Etiological Mechanism of Psychotic Symptoms and XXXX in @entity0 with @entity2 and Their Siblings.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of @entity3 in subjects with @entity2 is much higher than in the general population. The higher than chance co-occurrence has also been demonstrated at the level of subclinical expression of both phenotypes. Both extended phenotypes have been shown to cluster in families. However, little is known about the origins of their elevated co-occurrence. In the present study, evidence for a shared etiological mechanism was investigated in 3 samples with decreasing levels of @entity1 liability: 987 @entity0 , 973 of their unaffected siblings and 566 healthy controls. The association between the obsessive-compulsive phenotype and the @entity1 phenotype c.q. @entity1 liability was investigated. First, the association was assessed between (subclinical) @entity3 and @entity1 liability. Second, in a cross-sib cross-trait analysis, it was examined whether (subclinical) @entity3 in the @entity0 were associated with (subclinical) @entity1 in the related unaffected sibling. Evidence was found for both associations, which is compatible with a partially shared etiological pathway underlying @entity3 . This is the first study that used a cross-sib cross-trait design in @entity0 and unaffected siblings, thus circumventing confounding by disease-related factors present in clinical samples.

title: Evidence for a Shared Etiological Mechanism of Psychotic Symptoms and @entity3 in @entity0 with XXXX and Their Siblings.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of @entity3 in subjects with @entity2 is much higher than in the general population. The higher than chance co-occurrence has also been demonstrated at the level of subclinical expression of both phenotypes. Both extended phenotypes have been shown to cluster in families. However, little is known about the origins of their elevated co-occurrence. In the present study, evidence for a shared etiological mechanism was investigated in 3 samples with decreasing levels of @entity1 liability: 987 @entity0 , 973 of their unaffected siblings and 566 healthy controls. The association between the obsessive-compulsive phenotype and the @entity1 phenotype c.q. @entity1 liability was investigated. First, the association was assessed between (subclinical) @entity3 and @entity1 liability. Second, in a cross-sib cross-trait analysis, it was examined whether (subclinical) @entity3 in the @entity0 were associated with (subclinical) @entity1 in the related unaffected sibling. Evidence was found for both associations, which is compatible with a partially shared etiological pathway underlying @entity3 . This is the first study that used a cross-sib cross-trait design in @entity0 and unaffected siblings, thus circumventing confounding by disease-related factors present in clinical samples.

title: Evidence for a Shared Etiological Mechanism of Psychotic Symptoms and @entity3 in XXXX with @entity2 and Their Siblings.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A physiological sickness scoring system (SS), based on the APACHE II score, has been used to assess outcome from @entity2 in 128 @entity0 admitted to a general intensive care unit. Physiological data were collected on each @entity0 from admission until @entity1 or discharge from the unit, and survival was recorded as survival to home. The admission SS correctly classified 80.6% of survivors, and 70.4% of non-survivors. Predictive power did not improve with time using the daily SS. However, when the proportional change in SS over time was included in the analysis, predictive power improved; and at day 4, 87.1% of survivors and 75% of non-survivors were correctly classified. At intermediate levels of sickness severity (admission score of 13-18), a reduction in SS of 30% by day 4 reduced the risk of @entity1 by 32%; at higher levels (greater than 18) a similar reduction in SS was associated with a 47% reduction in @entity1 -risk. Failure to obtain a reduction in score by day 4 was associated with increased risk of @entity1 . Survivors consistently showed a greater fall in SS by day 4 than non-survivors. The APACHE score and its modifications provide an accurate, unitary measure of physiological disturbance. Correction of abnormal physiology, and the measurement of responsiveness to therapy are important components in the prediction of outcome from @entity2 .

title: Sickness scoring and response to treatment as predictors of outcome from XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial mechanism in @entity2 progression, describes the process whereby epithelial cells lose their apico-basal polarity and junctional complexes and acquire a mesenchymal-like morphology. Several markers are considered to be authentic indicators of an epithelial or mesenchymal status; however, there is currently no comprehensive or systematic method with which to determine their functional relevance. Previously, we identified a 33-gene EMT signature comprising 25 epithelial and 6 mesenchymal genes that best describe this concept of the EMT spectrum. Here, we designed small-scale siRNA screens targeting these six mesenchymal signature genes ( @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity3 , @entity7 ) to explore their functional relevance and their roles during EMT reversal by @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in a mesenchymal-like SKOV3 @entity0 cell line. We found that neither cell proliferation nor @entity1 was affected by silencing any of these genes. SKOV3 cells expressing siRNA against mesenchymal genes ( @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity10 ) showed enhanced colony compaction (reduced inter-nuclear distance). Inductions of @entity4 expression were only observed in @entity10 - and @entity7 -silenced SKOV3 cells. In addition, only @entity10 -silenced SKOV3 cells showed increased anoikis. Finally, we identified that @entity10 and @entity7 were down-regulated in @entity5 -treated SKOV3 cells and @entity10 - and @entity7 -silenced SKOV3 cells showed enhanced @entity5 -induced up-regulation of @entity4 . @entity5 -treated SKOV3 cells also showed colony compaction and decreases in EMT scores both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that @entity10 and @entity7 are functionally relevant in EMT reversal. This study thus provides a proof-of-concept for the use of in vitro siRNA screening to explore the EMT-related functions of selected genes and their potential relevance in the discovery of EMT reversing drugs.

title: Functional relevance of a six mesenchymal gene signature in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) reversal by the triple angiokinase inhibitor, XXXX ( @entity5 ).

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial mechanism in @entity2 progression, describes the process whereby epithelial cells lose their apico-basal polarity and junctional complexes and acquire a mesenchymal-like morphology. Several markers are considered to be authentic indicators of an epithelial or mesenchymal status; however, there is currently no comprehensive or systematic method with which to determine their functional relevance. Previously, we identified a 33-gene EMT signature comprising 25 epithelial and 6 mesenchymal genes that best describe this concept of the EMT spectrum. Here, we designed small-scale siRNA screens targeting these six mesenchymal signature genes ( @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity3 , @entity7 ) to explore their functional relevance and their roles during EMT reversal by @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in a mesenchymal-like SKOV3 @entity0 cell line. We found that neither cell proliferation nor @entity1 was affected by silencing any of these genes. SKOV3 cells expressing siRNA against mesenchymal genes ( @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity10 ) showed enhanced colony compaction (reduced inter-nuclear distance). Inductions of @entity4 expression were only observed in @entity10 - and @entity7 -silenced SKOV3 cells. In addition, only @entity10 -silenced SKOV3 cells showed increased anoikis. Finally, we identified that @entity10 and @entity7 were down-regulated in @entity5 -treated SKOV3 cells and @entity10 - and @entity7 -silenced SKOV3 cells showed enhanced @entity5 -induced up-regulation of @entity4 . @entity5 -treated SKOV3 cells also showed colony compaction and decreases in EMT scores both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that @entity10 and @entity7 are functionally relevant in EMT reversal. This study thus provides a proof-of-concept for the use of in vitro siRNA screening to explore the EMT-related functions of selected genes and their potential relevance in the discovery of EMT reversing drugs.

title: Functional relevance of a six mesenchymal gene signature in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) reversal by the triple angiokinase inhibitor, @entity5 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity5


abstract: In order to determine if the decreased hypothalamic and increased posterior pituitary content of @entity4 (VP) observed previously in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) were a secondary consequence of the @entity1 , the effect of preventing the development of @entity1 on VP content of the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system was evaluated. Two methods for preventing the @entity1 were used: (1) chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (oral @entity6 , 100 mg/kg/day at 4-12 weeks of age); and (2) intraventricular @entity5 ( @entity5 , 200 micrograms at 4 and 5 weeks of age). Both of these treatments markedly attenuated the increase in systolic blood pressure in SHRs at 5-11 weeks of age. The @entity6 -treated @entity0 had a significant elevation in serum @entity7 activity at 12 weeks of age indicating the presence of chronic converting enzyme inhibition, and the @entity5 -treatment resulted in a depletion of hypothalamic (86%) and brainstem (76%) @entity3 content. @entity8 content was reduced in untreated SHRs compared to normotensive @entity0 -Kyoto @entity0 (WKYs, P = 0.0015). It was not significantly altered in either strain by the @entity5 treatment. @entity6 caused a @entity8 content in both SHRs and WKYs (P less than 0.01). Posterior pituitary VP content was elevated in untreated SHRs compared to WKYs (P less than 0.001), and remained elevated with @entity6 and @entity5 treatments. These data indicate that the abnormalities in VP content in the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary of SHRs are not a response to the @entity1 . Therefore, they may represent @entity2 in the SHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Abnormalities in hypothalamic and neurohypophysial vasopressin content are not a consequence of @entity1 in the spontaneously XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In order to determine if the decreased hypothalamic and increased posterior pituitary content of @entity4 (VP) observed previously in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) were a secondary consequence of the @entity1 , the effect of preventing the development of @entity1 on VP content of the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system was evaluated. Two methods for preventing the @entity1 were used: (1) chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (oral @entity6 , 100 mg/kg/day at 4-12 weeks of age); and (2) intraventricular @entity5 ( @entity5 , 200 micrograms at 4 and 5 weeks of age). Both of these treatments markedly attenuated the increase in systolic blood pressure in SHRs at 5-11 weeks of age. The @entity6 -treated @entity0 had a significant elevation in serum @entity7 activity at 12 weeks of age indicating the presence of chronic converting enzyme inhibition, and the @entity5 -treatment resulted in a depletion of hypothalamic (86%) and brainstem (76%) @entity3 content. @entity8 content was reduced in untreated SHRs compared to normotensive @entity0 -Kyoto @entity0 (WKYs, P = 0.0015). It was not significantly altered in either strain by the @entity5 treatment. @entity6 caused a @entity8 content in both SHRs and WKYs (P less than 0.01). Posterior pituitary VP content was elevated in untreated SHRs compared to WKYs (P less than 0.001), and remained elevated with @entity6 and @entity5 treatments. These data indicate that the abnormalities in VP content in the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary of SHRs are not a response to the @entity1 . Therefore, they may represent @entity2 in the SHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Abnormalities in hypothalamic and neurohypophysial vasopressin content are not a consequence of XXXX in the spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In order to determine if the decreased hypothalamic and increased posterior pituitary content of @entity4 (VP) observed previously in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) were a secondary consequence of the @entity1 , the effect of preventing the development of @entity1 on VP content of the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system was evaluated. Two methods for preventing the @entity1 were used: (1) chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (oral @entity6 , 100 mg/kg/day at 4-12 weeks of age); and (2) intraventricular @entity5 ( @entity5 , 200 micrograms at 4 and 5 weeks of age). Both of these treatments markedly attenuated the increase in systolic blood pressure in SHRs at 5-11 weeks of age. The @entity6 -treated @entity0 had a significant elevation in serum @entity7 activity at 12 weeks of age indicating the presence of chronic converting enzyme inhibition, and the @entity5 -treatment resulted in a depletion of hypothalamic (86%) and brainstem (76%) @entity3 content. @entity8 content was reduced in untreated SHRs compared to normotensive @entity0 -Kyoto @entity0 (WKYs, P = 0.0015). It was not significantly altered in either strain by the @entity5 treatment. @entity6 caused a @entity8 content in both SHRs and WKYs (P less than 0.01). Posterior pituitary VP content was elevated in untreated SHRs compared to WKYs (P less than 0.001), and remained elevated with @entity6 and @entity5 treatments. These data indicate that the abnormalities in VP content in the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary of SHRs are not a response to the @entity1 . Therefore, they may represent @entity2 in the SHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Abnormalities in hypothalamic and neurohypophysial vasopressin content are not a consequence of @entity1 in the spontaneously @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. We have studied the kinetics of the conversion of @entity4 into haem and haem precursors in homogenates of livers of @entity0 and @entity1 embryos. Homogenates of fresh liver from both species efficiently convert @entity4 into haem. After frozen storage for 1 year, homogenates of @entity0 , but not @entity1 , liver have decreased rates of formation of haem with accumulation of more @entity2 . The rate of haem formation after storage is restored by addition of @entity5 and @entity3 . 2. At all initial concentrations of @entity4 tested (2 microM-1 mM), homogenates of @entity0 liver accumulate less @entity2 than haem. In contrast, homogenates of @entity1 embryo liver accumulate more @entity2 than haem at concentration of @entity4 greater than 10 microM. Conversion of @entity2 into haem by homogenates of fresh or frozen @entity1 embryo liver is not increased by addition of @entity5 . 3. Homogenates of liver from both species accumulate porphobilinogen; the kinetic parameters for this process reflect those of @entity4 dehydratase. 4. The results show that the rate-limiting enzyme for the hepatic conversion of @entity4 into @entity2 is @entity6 deaminase. In addition, @entity1 liver, compared with @entity0 liver, has only about one-fifth the activity of @entity7 , the final enzyme of the haem biosynthetic pathway, which inserts @entity5 into @entity2 to form haem. 5. Comparison of these results with previous studies indicates that the homogenate system described here provides physiologically and clinically relevant information for study of hepatic haem synthesis and its control.

title: Conversion of XXXX into haem by liver homogenates. Comparison of @entity0 and @entity1 embryo.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. We have studied the kinetics of the conversion of @entity4 into haem and haem precursors in homogenates of livers of @entity0 and @entity1 embryos. Homogenates of fresh liver from both species efficiently convert @entity4 into haem. After frozen storage for 1 year, homogenates of @entity0 , but not @entity1 , liver have decreased rates of formation of haem with accumulation of more @entity2 . The rate of haem formation after storage is restored by addition of @entity5 and @entity3 . 2. At all initial concentrations of @entity4 tested (2 microM-1 mM), homogenates of @entity0 liver accumulate less @entity2 than haem. In contrast, homogenates of @entity1 embryo liver accumulate more @entity2 than haem at concentration of @entity4 greater than 10 microM. Conversion of @entity2 into haem by homogenates of fresh or frozen @entity1 embryo liver is not increased by addition of @entity5 . 3. Homogenates of liver from both species accumulate porphobilinogen; the kinetic parameters for this process reflect those of @entity4 dehydratase. 4. The results show that the rate-limiting enzyme for the hepatic conversion of @entity4 into @entity2 is @entity6 deaminase. In addition, @entity1 liver, compared with @entity0 liver, has only about one-fifth the activity of @entity7 , the final enzyme of the haem biosynthetic pathway, which inserts @entity5 into @entity2 to form haem. 5. Comparison of these results with previous studies indicates that the homogenate system described here provides physiologically and clinically relevant information for study of hepatic haem synthesis and its control.

title: Conversion of @entity4 into haem by liver homogenates. Comparison of @entity0 and XXXX embryo.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. We have studied the kinetics of the conversion of @entity4 into haem and haem precursors in homogenates of livers of @entity0 and @entity1 embryos. Homogenates of fresh liver from both species efficiently convert @entity4 into haem. After frozen storage for 1 year, homogenates of @entity0 , but not @entity1 , liver have decreased rates of formation of haem with accumulation of more @entity2 . The rate of haem formation after storage is restored by addition of @entity5 and @entity3 . 2. At all initial concentrations of @entity4 tested (2 microM-1 mM), homogenates of @entity0 liver accumulate less @entity2 than haem. In contrast, homogenates of @entity1 embryo liver accumulate more @entity2 than haem at concentration of @entity4 greater than 10 microM. Conversion of @entity2 into haem by homogenates of fresh or frozen @entity1 embryo liver is not increased by addition of @entity5 . 3. Homogenates of liver from both species accumulate porphobilinogen; the kinetic parameters for this process reflect those of @entity4 dehydratase. 4. The results show that the rate-limiting enzyme for the hepatic conversion of @entity4 into @entity2 is @entity6 deaminase. In addition, @entity1 liver, compared with @entity0 liver, has only about one-fifth the activity of @entity7 , the final enzyme of the haem biosynthetic pathway, which inserts @entity5 into @entity2 to form haem. 5. Comparison of these results with previous studies indicates that the homogenate system described here provides physiologically and clinically relevant information for study of hepatic haem synthesis and its control.

title: Conversion of @entity4 into haem by liver homogenates. Comparison of XXXX and @entity1 embryo.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Three hundred and ninety-five four-week-old SPF female ddY @entity2 were each exposed to 5 or 6 cercariae of @entity7 (Japanese strain) on their shaved abdomens and were maintained in a conditioned clean environment and fed on sterilized food and water. Fecal examinations at 8 to 10 weeks postinfection (PI) revealed 169 @entity2 to be infected. More than half of them died within 30 weeks PI and 70 @entity2 that survived to the 50th week PI were sacrificed. At autopsy, we could find no schistosome eggs in the liver or intestinal wall of 9 @entity2 , and they were excluded. Out of 61 @entity2 which showed @entity8 eggs in their livers, 48 had single or multiple @entity3 , while no @entity1 was observed in the livers of the 60 control @entity2 . The @entity1 were yellowish-white in color with distinct boundaries and the centers of the @entity1 were @entity5 in some cases. The size of the @entity1 varied from 1 to 20 mm in diameter. Most of the @entity1 retained the normal trabecular pattern, but in some cases the trabeculae were thickened, having wide vascular spaces. The @entity1 cells were PAS-negative and showed varieties of pleomorphism. The sizes of cells and nuclei varied greatly. These findings suggested some causal relationship between @entity8 @entity4 and the @entity3 formation in the host's liver. In the chronic course of @entity6 japonica in the endemic areas, @entity8 @entity4 probably plays a role in @entity3 formation of @entity0 .

title: XXXX formation in ddY @entity2 with chronic schistosomiasis japonica.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Three hundred and ninety-five four-week-old SPF female ddY @entity2 were each exposed to 5 or 6 cercariae of @entity7 (Japanese strain) on their shaved abdomens and were maintained in a conditioned clean environment and fed on sterilized food and water. Fecal examinations at 8 to 10 weeks postinfection (PI) revealed 169 @entity2 to be infected. More than half of them died within 30 weeks PI and 70 @entity2 that survived to the 50th week PI were sacrificed. At autopsy, we could find no schistosome eggs in the liver or intestinal wall of 9 @entity2 , and they were excluded. Out of 61 @entity2 which showed @entity8 eggs in their livers, 48 had single or multiple @entity3 , while no @entity1 was observed in the livers of the 60 control @entity2 . The @entity1 were yellowish-white in color with distinct boundaries and the centers of the @entity1 were @entity5 in some cases. The size of the @entity1 varied from 1 to 20 mm in diameter. Most of the @entity1 retained the normal trabecular pattern, but in some cases the trabeculae were thickened, having wide vascular spaces. The @entity1 cells were PAS-negative and showed varieties of pleomorphism. The sizes of cells and nuclei varied greatly. These findings suggested some causal relationship between @entity8 @entity4 and the @entity3 formation in the host's liver. In the chronic course of @entity6 japonica in the endemic areas, @entity8 @entity4 probably plays a role in @entity3 formation of @entity0 .

title: @entity3 formation in ddY XXXX with chronic schistosomiasis japonica.

answer: @entity2