abstract: Treatment goals in severe midfacial @entity1 are restoration of function and appearance. Restoration of function is directed at multiple organ systems, which support visual acuity, airway patency, mastication, lacrimation, smelling, tasting, hearing, and facial expression. Victims of blunt @entity3 expect to look the same after surgical treatment as before injury. Delicate soft tissues of the midface often make cosmetic reconstructive surgery technically challenging. Generally, clinical evaluation alone does not suffice to fully characterize @entity2 associated with extensive swelling, and the deeper midface is not accessible to physical examination. Properly performed computed tomography (CT) overcomes most limitations of presurgical examination. Thus, operative approaches and sequencing of surgical repair are guided by imaging information displayed by CT. Restoration of function and appearance relies on recreating normal maxillofacial skeletal anatomy, with @entity0 , mandibular condyles, vertical dimension and orbital morphology. Due to its pivotal role in surgical planning, CT scans obtained for the evaluation of severe midfacial @entity1 should be designed to easily depict the imaging information necessary for clinical decision making. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Understand the facial skeletal buttress system; 2. Understand how the pattern of derangement of the buttress system determines the need for and choice of operative approach for repair of @entity2 in the middle third of the face; 3. Understand the role and importance of CT and CT reformations in the detection and classification of the pattern of buttress system derangement.

title: Imaging of high-energy midfacial XXXX : what the surgeon needs to know.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The anti- @entity9 receptor (anti- @entity10 ) antibody therapy is an exciting approach to the prevention of acute rejection after renal allograft transplantation whereby immunosuppression is exerted by a selective and competitive inhibition of @entity9 -induced T cell proliferation, a critical pathway of allorecognition. The anti- @entity10 antibodies specifically block the alpha-subunit of the @entity10 on activated T cells, and prevent T cell proliferation and activation of the effector arms of the immune system. The anti- @entity10 antibodies are used as induction therapy, immediately after renal transplantation, for prevention of acute cellular rejection in @entity0 and adults. During acute rejection, the @entity10 chain is no longer expressed on T cells; thus, the antibodies cannot be used to treat an existing acute rejection. Two anti- @entity10 monoclonal antibodies are currently in clinical use: daclizumab and basiliximab. In placebo-controlled phase III clinical trials in adults, daclizumab and basiliximab in combination with calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppression, significantly reduced the incidence of acute rejection and @entity5 -resistant acute rejection without increasing the risk of @entity1 , and neither antibody was associated with the cytokine-release syndrome. @entity0 who receive calcineurin inhibitors and corticosteroids for maintenance immunosuppression, as well as @entity0 who receive augmented immunosuppression to treat acute rejection, are at increased risk of @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity2 , and cosmetic changes. In older @entity0 , the cosmetic adverse effects frequently reduce compliance with the treatment, and subsequently increase the risk of allograft loss. Being effective and well tolerated in children, the anti- @entity10 antibodies reduce the need for calcineurin inhibitors while maintaining the overall efficacy of the regimen; thus, the anti- @entity10 antibodies increase the safety margin (less @entity4 , fewer adverse effects) of the baseline immunosuppression. Secondly, the anti- @entity10 antibodies decrease the need for corticosteroids and muromonab CD3 (OKT3) in @entity0 as a result of decreased incidence of acute rejection. The recommended pediatric dose of daclizumab is 1 mg/kg intravenously every 14 days for five doses, with the first dose administered within 24 hours pre-transplantation. This administration regimen maintains daclizumab levels necessary to completely saturate the @entity10 (5-10 microg/mL) in @entity0 for at least 12 weeks.The recommended pediatric dose of basiliximab for recipients <35 kg is 10 mg, and 20 mg for recipients > or =35 kg, intravenously on days 0 and 4 post-transplantation. This administration regimen maintains basiliximab levels necessary to completely saturate the @entity10 (>0.2 microg/mL) in @entity0 for at least 3 weeks.

title: Anti- XXXX receptor antibodies for the prevention of rejection in pediatric renal transplant @entity0 : current status.

answer: @entity9


abstract: The anti- @entity9 receptor (anti- @entity10 ) antibody therapy is an exciting approach to the prevention of acute rejection after renal allograft transplantation whereby immunosuppression is exerted by a selective and competitive inhibition of @entity9 -induced T cell proliferation, a critical pathway of allorecognition. The anti- @entity10 antibodies specifically block the alpha-subunit of the @entity10 on activated T cells, and prevent T cell proliferation and activation of the effector arms of the immune system. The anti- @entity10 antibodies are used as induction therapy, immediately after renal transplantation, for prevention of acute cellular rejection in @entity0 and adults. During acute rejection, the @entity10 chain is no longer expressed on T cells; thus, the antibodies cannot be used to treat an existing acute rejection. Two anti- @entity10 monoclonal antibodies are currently in clinical use: daclizumab and basiliximab. In placebo-controlled phase III clinical trials in adults, daclizumab and basiliximab in combination with calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppression, significantly reduced the incidence of acute rejection and @entity5 -resistant acute rejection without increasing the risk of @entity1 , and neither antibody was associated with the cytokine-release syndrome. @entity0 who receive calcineurin inhibitors and corticosteroids for maintenance immunosuppression, as well as @entity0 who receive augmented immunosuppression to treat acute rejection, are at increased risk of @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity2 , and cosmetic changes. In older @entity0 , the cosmetic adverse effects frequently reduce compliance with the treatment, and subsequently increase the risk of allograft loss. Being effective and well tolerated in children, the anti- @entity10 antibodies reduce the need for calcineurin inhibitors while maintaining the overall efficacy of the regimen; thus, the anti- @entity10 antibodies increase the safety margin (less @entity4 , fewer adverse effects) of the baseline immunosuppression. Secondly, the anti- @entity10 antibodies decrease the need for corticosteroids and muromonab CD3 (OKT3) in @entity0 as a result of decreased incidence of acute rejection. The recommended pediatric dose of daclizumab is 1 mg/kg intravenously every 14 days for five doses, with the first dose administered within 24 hours pre-transplantation. This administration regimen maintains daclizumab levels necessary to completely saturate the @entity10 (5-10 microg/mL) in @entity0 for at least 12 weeks.The recommended pediatric dose of basiliximab for recipients <35 kg is 10 mg, and 20 mg for recipients > or =35 kg, intravenously on days 0 and 4 post-transplantation. This administration regimen maintains basiliximab levels necessary to completely saturate the @entity10 (>0.2 microg/mL) in @entity0 for at least 3 weeks.

title: Anti- @entity9 receptor antibodies for the prevention of rejection in pediatric renal transplant XXXX : current status.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate if @entity6 diagnosed on MR images of the knee relates to reduced @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and may be caused by an insufficiency @entity4 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive @entity0 (8 @entity0 , 24 @entity0 ; age range 27-82 years, mean 62 years) with MR findings of @entity6 of the femoral or tibial condyle were prospectively included. Trabecular and cortical @entity1 were measured with high resolution peripheral quantitative CT in the non-dominant distal radius and the tibia of the involved extremity. One tibia was not measured due to @entity2 . RESULTS: The mean trabecular @entity1 of the radius was 81% of the young-adult average peak @entity1 (range 19-160%). The mean cortical @entity1 in the radius was 86% (range 63-108%). The mean trabecular @entity1 in the tibia was 92% (range 28-160%). The mean cortical @entity1 in the tibia was 86% (range 49-132%). The values of the trabecular bone of the distal radius (tibia) were normal in 11 (15) @entity0 , @entity7 in 12 (4), and osteoporotic in 9 (12), respectively. The cortical bone values of the distal radius (tibia) were normal in 12 (13) @entity0 , @entity7 in 12 (12), and osteoporotic in 8 (6), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity3 and @entity5 are commonly found in @entity0 with @entity6 of the knee as diagnosed on MR images. This indicates that for some @entity0 an insufficiency mechanism may be responsible for the MR findings. However, in the @entity0 with normal bone density other reasons for @entity6 may be present.

title: XXXX diagnosed on MR images of the knee. Relationship to reduced @entity1 determined by high resolution peripheral quantitative CT.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate if @entity6 diagnosed on MR images of the knee relates to reduced @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and may be caused by an insufficiency @entity4 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive @entity0 (8 @entity0 , 24 @entity0 ; age range 27-82 years, mean 62 years) with MR findings of @entity6 of the femoral or tibial condyle were prospectively included. Trabecular and cortical @entity1 were measured with high resolution peripheral quantitative CT in the non-dominant distal radius and the tibia of the involved extremity. One tibia was not measured due to @entity2 . RESULTS: The mean trabecular @entity1 of the radius was 81% of the young-adult average peak @entity1 (range 19-160%). The mean cortical @entity1 in the radius was 86% (range 63-108%). The mean trabecular @entity1 in the tibia was 92% (range 28-160%). The mean cortical @entity1 in the tibia was 86% (range 49-132%). The values of the trabecular bone of the distal radius (tibia) were normal in 11 (15) @entity0 , @entity7 in 12 (4), and osteoporotic in 9 (12), respectively. The cortical bone values of the distal radius (tibia) were normal in 12 (13) @entity0 , @entity7 in 12 (12), and osteoporotic in 8 (6), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity3 and @entity5 are commonly found in @entity0 with @entity6 of the knee as diagnosed on MR images. This indicates that for some @entity0 an insufficiency mechanism may be responsible for the MR findings. However, in the @entity0 with normal bone density other reasons for @entity6 may be present.

title: @entity6 diagnosed on MR images of the knee. Relationship to reduced XXXX determined by high resolution peripheral quantitative CT.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: Effects of prolonged habitual cold-water immersion on fibre size and capillarity in vastus lateralis muscle were studied in @entity0 beings. The hypothesis tested in the present study was that cold acclimatized @entity0 skeletal muscle would have reduced muscle fibre size and higher capillarity, favouring the idea of efficacy of recruitment under cold environment. METHODS: Ten @entity0 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and 10 active @entity0 (controls CONs) participated in this study. Muscle biopsy was obtained from vastus lateralis and determined fibre type composition and capillary density. RESULTS: A major finding was that all @entity1 revealed a markedly smaller cross-sectional area (CSA) in all fibre types than the CONs, or even than any other morphological data reported in previous investigations. Furthermore, mean CSA of type II fibre (range 1205-2766 microm2) was much smaller than type I fibre (2343-4327 microm2). The number of capillaries per fibre in different fibre types in the @entity1 was higher than in the CONs (P < 0.001), and diffusional area was smaller in type II fibres than in type I fibres (P < 0.001). The @entity1 and the CONs have similarity in the percentage of type I fibres, but type II fibre was predominant in both groups. Interestingly the proportion of type IIx fibre in the @entity1 was higher (31%) than in the CONs (22%). No significant difference was found in the thigh circumference between the groups. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that prolonged habitual cold-water immersion may induce a decrease in fibre size and an increase in capillarity in @entity0 skeletal muscle.

title: Muscle fibre size and capillarity in Korean diving XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The number of alveoli is a key structural determinant of lung architecture. A design-based stereologic approach was used for the direct and unbiased estimation of @entity1 in the @entity0 lung. The principle is based on two-dimensional topology in three-dimensional space and is free of assumptions on the shape, size, or spatial orientation of alveoli. @entity1 is estimated by counting their openings at the level of the free septal edges, where they form a two-dimensional network. Mathematically, the Euler number of this network is estimated using physical disectors at a light microscopic level. In six adult @entity0 lungs, the mean @entity1 was 480 million (range: 274-790 million; coefficient of variation: 37%). @entity1 was closely related to total lung volume, with larger lungs having considerably more alveoli. The mean size of a single alveolus was rather constant with 4.2 x 10(6) microm3 (range: 3.3-4.8 x 10(6) microm3; coefficient of variation: 10%), irrespective of the lung size. One cubic millimeter lung parenchyma would then contain around 170 alveoli. The method proved to be very efficient and easy to apply in practice. Future applications will show this approach to be an important addition to design-based stereologic methods for the quantitative analysis of lung structure.

title: The number of alveoli in the XXXX lung.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of this study is to compare triphasic helical CT and fast MRI with respect to detection, characterization and staging of suspected renal masses. To achieve this triphasic helical CT (plain, corticonephrographic and tubulonephrographic phase) and MRI with fast T(1) weighted and T(2) weighted sequences were performed in 29 @entity0 with a suspected @entity2 . Image quality, lesion characterization and lesion extent were assessed for both methods in all @entity0 . The acquisition phase for CT and the image sequence for MRI offering the best image quality and best diagnostic information regarding renal parenchyma, renal vessels, detection of enlarged lymph nodes, and other abdominal organs were determined. Histologically confirmed @entity4 (n=18) were staged based on the Robson classification. Quantitative data were obtained from operator-defined regions of interest (ROIs) in all acquisition phases (CT) and all image sequences (MRI). For most criteria the rating of image quality for helical CT was generally higher as compared with fast MRI. CT and MRI detected all 24 histologically proven masses, while no false positive solid @entity1 was diagnosed with both imaging modalities. All three acquisition phases in CT and all applied image sequences in MRI were regarded as necessary in order to gain important diagnostic information. Altogether, 12 of 18 @entity4 (67%) were correctly staged by CT and MRI. Helical CT and fast MRI allow the correct detection and characterization of suspicious @entity2 . Both imaging modalities can be recommended for clinical routine application. Although the correct histological staging of @entity3 remains difficult for both imaging methods, both are excellent in providing the critical staging information needed before surgery. Helical CT offers a significantly shorter acquisition time to cover the entire abdomen.

title: Imaging of XXXX : evaluation of fast MRI and helical CT.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is of particular concern in @entity1 receiving @entity3 in a chemopreventive setting. We investigate the association between acquired and inherited risk factors for @entity6 in the International @entity0 Intervention Study (IBIS-I) trial of @entity3 prophylaxis for @entity1 at increased risk of @entity0 . METHODS: We used a nested case-control study design to investigate the role of @entity3 and acquired risk factors in the risk of developing a @entity6 . RESULTS: @entity3 was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing a major @entity6 (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.1). @entity1 who had surgery, immobilization, or @entity2 in the previous month had a greatly increased risk of developing a major @entity6 (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 10.1). @entity4 and @entity7 mutations were found exclusively among control @entity1 : @entity7 in eight of 159 control @entity1 (5.0%) and the @entity4 mutation in three control @entity1 (1.9%). Thirty-five @entity1 with a @entity6 and a blood sample were negative for these mutations. The upper one-sided 97.5% CI for the OR of having either mutation was 1.87. Being overweight, smoking, or taking hormone replacement therapy was not associated with @entity6 in this study, but the CIs were wide. CONCLUSION: @entity3 and prior surgery, @entity2 , or immobilization were associated with a significantly increased risk of developing a @entity6 . @entity7 and @entity4 mutations were not associated with @entity5 in this population.

title: Inherited and acquired risk factors for venous thromboembolic disease among @entity1 taking @entity3 to prevent XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is of particular concern in @entity1 receiving @entity3 in a chemopreventive setting. We investigate the association between acquired and inherited risk factors for @entity6 in the International @entity0 Intervention Study (IBIS-I) trial of @entity3 prophylaxis for @entity1 at increased risk of @entity0 . METHODS: We used a nested case-control study design to investigate the role of @entity3 and acquired risk factors in the risk of developing a @entity6 . RESULTS: @entity3 was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing a major @entity6 (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.1). @entity1 who had surgery, immobilization, or @entity2 in the previous month had a greatly increased risk of developing a major @entity6 (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 10.1). @entity4 and @entity7 mutations were found exclusively among control @entity1 : @entity7 in eight of 159 control @entity1 (5.0%) and the @entity4 mutation in three control @entity1 (1.9%). Thirty-five @entity1 with a @entity6 and a blood sample were negative for these mutations. The upper one-sided 97.5% CI for the OR of having either mutation was 1.87. Being overweight, smoking, or taking hormone replacement therapy was not associated with @entity6 in this study, but the CIs were wide. CONCLUSION: @entity3 and prior surgery, @entity2 , or immobilization were associated with a significantly increased risk of developing a @entity6 . @entity7 and @entity4 mutations were not associated with @entity5 in this population.

title: Inherited and acquired risk factors for venous thromboembolic disease among @entity1 taking XXXX to prevent @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is of particular concern in @entity1 receiving @entity3 in a chemopreventive setting. We investigate the association between acquired and inherited risk factors for @entity6 in the International @entity0 Intervention Study (IBIS-I) trial of @entity3 prophylaxis for @entity1 at increased risk of @entity0 . METHODS: We used a nested case-control study design to investigate the role of @entity3 and acquired risk factors in the risk of developing a @entity6 . RESULTS: @entity3 was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing a major @entity6 (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.1). @entity1 who had surgery, immobilization, or @entity2 in the previous month had a greatly increased risk of developing a major @entity6 (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 10.1). @entity4 and @entity7 mutations were found exclusively among control @entity1 : @entity7 in eight of 159 control @entity1 (5.0%) and the @entity4 mutation in three control @entity1 (1.9%). Thirty-five @entity1 with a @entity6 and a blood sample were negative for these mutations. The upper one-sided 97.5% CI for the OR of having either mutation was 1.87. Being overweight, smoking, or taking hormone replacement therapy was not associated with @entity6 in this study, but the CIs were wide. CONCLUSION: @entity3 and prior surgery, @entity2 , or immobilization were associated with a significantly increased risk of developing a @entity6 . @entity7 and @entity4 mutations were not associated with @entity5 in this population.

title: Inherited and acquired risk factors for venous thromboembolic disease among XXXX taking @entity3 to prevent @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The transligamental intraoperative neuromonitoring of the recurrent nerve is established in many surgical clinics as an useful and reliable technique. It is especially suitable to identify the recurrent nerve and to monitor its function during thyroid operation. We have analysed 14 early postoperative recurrent @entity1 between June 1997 and December 2000 (1,23 % related to nerves at risk). As a result of complete follow up we found 4 permanent @entity1 (0,35 % related to nerves at risk). In 11 out of 14 cases the neuromonitoring revealed a dysfunction of the recurrent nerve. The following long distance microsurgical preparation showed no interruption of the continuity of the nerve. Knowing the fact of unilateral negative monitoring signal we adapted our operative strategy. Therefore we did not observe @entity1 . In 3 @entity0 we found a positive nerve signal but nevertheless these @entity0 showed postoperative unilateral recurrent palsies. The possible reasons are discussed. We are convinced that the neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is an important progress in thyroid surgery.

title: [Neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve--a critical analysis of XXXX with postoperative nerve palsy].

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 72-year-old @entity0 underwent choledocholithotomy under general anesthesia combined with epidural block. She was complicated with @entity2 , @entity1 and @entity5 , and was given @entity6 . The medication was stopped 12 days before the operation. Her coagulation tests and platelet counts were within normal ranges. An epidural catheter was inserted at Th 9-10 interspace, and continuous epidural anesthesia was started for @entity3 . Just after the operation, numbness and @entity4 in both @entity9 occurred. We stopped continuous epidural anesthesia, and the symptom on right leg improved. However, after 2 days, magnetic resonance imaging revealed @entity8 extending from Th7 to L1, and the @entity0 underwent laminectomy. After a month, her @entity4 in the left leg started to improve gradually. It is possible that the term of discontinuation of @entity6 was not enough. We should stop antiplatelet drugs early enough, and should be aware of early symptoms of @entity7 .

title: [A case of XXXX associated with epidural catheterization which occurred on 12th days after the last medication of @entity6 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: A 72-year-old @entity0 underwent choledocholithotomy under general anesthesia combined with epidural block. She was complicated with @entity2 , @entity1 and @entity5 , and was given @entity6 . The medication was stopped 12 days before the operation. Her coagulation tests and platelet counts were within normal ranges. An epidural catheter was inserted at Th 9-10 interspace, and continuous epidural anesthesia was started for @entity3 . Just after the operation, numbness and @entity4 in both @entity9 occurred. We stopped continuous epidural anesthesia, and the symptom on right leg improved. However, after 2 days, magnetic resonance imaging revealed @entity8 extending from Th7 to L1, and the @entity0 underwent laminectomy. After a month, her @entity4 in the left leg started to improve gradually. It is possible that the term of discontinuation of @entity6 was not enough. We should stop antiplatelet drugs early enough, and should be aware of early symptoms of @entity7 .

title: [A case of @entity8 associated with epidural catheterization which occurred on 12th days after the last medication of XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: A 45-year-old @entity0 presented with severe @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity17 , and a depressed level of consciousness. A second @entity0 , a 33-year-old @entity0 , was admitted with @entity16 . She developed lethargy, @entity2 , bilateral extensor plantar responses, and @entity8 . The third @entity0 , a 62-year-old @entity0 , presented with @entity12 due to @entity15 and @entity10 . Five days after treatment with immunosuppressive drugs had been initiated, he developed @entity2 , @entity14 , @entity8 , and @entity17 . @entity4 @entity3 is characterised by @entity2 , @entity7 , disturbances in cognition and level of consciousness, @entity6 , and @entity8 . Imaging studies often demonstrate @entity1 of the white matter in the posterior parietal and occipital areas of the brain. This so-called reversible posterior @entity11 is well known in @entity0 with severe @entity4 , but it is also associated with immunosuppressive drug use and @entity5 . It can be recognised by its fairly characteristic clinical features (different combinations of @entity2 , @entity7 , changes in cognition and level of consciousness, @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity6 ) and by its specific imaging findings. Treatment consists of reducing the blood pressure and reducing or discontinuing the use of immunosuppressive drugs. If the treatment is started promptly, symptoms and @entity13 are usually reversible.

title: [ XXXX @entity3 : does not only occur at high blood pressure].

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 45-year-old @entity0 presented with severe @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity17 , and a depressed level of consciousness. A second @entity0 , a 33-year-old @entity0 , was admitted with @entity16 . She developed lethargy, @entity2 , bilateral extensor plantar responses, and @entity8 . The third @entity0 , a 62-year-old @entity0 , presented with @entity12 due to @entity15 and @entity10 . Five days after treatment with immunosuppressive drugs had been initiated, he developed @entity2 , @entity14 , @entity8 , and @entity17 . @entity4 @entity3 is characterised by @entity2 , @entity7 , disturbances in cognition and level of consciousness, @entity6 , and @entity8 . Imaging studies often demonstrate @entity1 of the white matter in the posterior parietal and occipital areas of the brain. This so-called reversible posterior @entity11 is well known in @entity0 with severe @entity4 , but it is also associated with immunosuppressive drug use and @entity5 . It can be recognised by its fairly characteristic clinical features (different combinations of @entity2 , @entity7 , changes in cognition and level of consciousness, @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity6 ) and by its specific imaging findings. Treatment consists of reducing the blood pressure and reducing or discontinuing the use of immunosuppressive drugs. If the treatment is started promptly, symptoms and @entity13 are usually reversible.

title: [ @entity4 XXXX : does not only occur at high blood pressure].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The majority of @entity3 are initiated by the adhesion of pathogenic organisms to the tissues of the host. In many cases this adhesion is mediated by lectins present on the surface of the infectious organism that bind to complementary @entity9 on the surface of the host tissues. Soluble @entity9 recognized by the bacterial lectins block the adhesion of the bacteria to animal cells in vitro. Moreover, such @entity9 have been shown to protect against experimental @entity4 by lectin-carrying bacteria of different mammals, such as @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity5 , and monkeys. Agents other than @entity9 also block adhesion, as demonstrated with cranberry juice as well as with low and high molecular weight preparations isolated from the juice. Both kinds of preparation inhibited the adhesion in vitro of @entity6 to different animal cells. In addition, the high molecular weight material acted similarly on the adhesion of @entity8 to @entity0 gasrointenstinal cells, and on the coaggregation of oral bacteria. Furthermore, in limited clinical studies regular drinking of cranberry juice had a significant preventive effect on @entity7 , and the high molecular weight constituent of the juices was also effective in decreasing the salivary level of Streptococus mutans, the major cause of tooth decay. Because the inhibitors of adhesion examined are not bactericidal, the selection of resistant inhibitor strains is unlikely to occur. Together, these findings may lead to new therapeutic strategies that are in dire need because of the world-wide increase in antibiotic resistant bacteria.

title: Fighting XXXX with inhibitors of microbial adhesion to host tissues.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The interface of bone and aragonite nacre (Margaritifera, fresh water pearl mussel) was studied by in situ hybridization and a @entity2 ( @entity2 ) histochemical assay. Columnar implants were inserted into @entity0 femora for 4, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. In medullary region, a burst of transient bone formation was observed, which propagated from the periphery towards the nacre implant. A fused interface of bone and nacre was observed at 14 days. Later, the new medullary bone was resorbed and bone marrow was re-established while a thin layer of bone tissue remained covering the implant surface. Expressions of collagen alpha1(I), @entity1 , osteopontin mRNAs and @entity2 in the surrounding tissue were monitored. Correlated with the histology events, a strong transient induction of collagen alpha1(I) and @entity1 mRNAs as well as @entity2 expression, exhibiting a peak signal intensity on day 7 and subsequent down-regulation after day 14 was observed. Osteopontin mRNA, in contrast, was expressed continuously. The degrading nacre surface appeared in direct contact with macrophages and multinucleated giant cells at both days 14 and 28. These cells expressed osteopontin mRNA intensively and some @entity2 enzyme activity occasionally.

title: Tissue responses to nacreous implants in XXXX femur: an in situ hybridization and histochemical study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Early-stage bulky @entity7 treated with conventional surgery or radiotherapy has a higher rate of recurrence compared to smaller @entity1 at the same stage. Whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical hysterectomy can improve survival in early-stage bulky @entity7 remains unclear. This study was designed to answer this question. METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity0 with @entity1 were included in this retrospective study. Thirty-one had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radical hysterectomy, and the other 27 @entity0 underwent surgery alone. The chemotherapeutic regimen was a combination of @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity5 with a 10-day interval for two to three courses. RESULTS: The age, parity, and @entity1 diameter before treatment in the two groups were similar. The mean @entity1 diameter was significantly decreased after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (4.6 +/- 0.8 vs 3.4 +/- 1.5 cm, P = 0.003). @entity0 without neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a significantly higher incidence of parametrial invasion (14/27 vs 7/31, P = 0.022). More involved lymph nodes were found during surgery in @entity0 without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (23.1 +/- 10.5 vs 17.4 +/- 7.1, P = 0.024), but the incidence of @entity4 was not different between the two groups (18/31 vs 17/27, P = 0.71). The response rate of primary @entity1 to chemotherapy was 48.4% (15/31). No significant differences in clinical and pathologic parameters were found between responders and non-responders. Deep stromal invasion (> or = 3/4 thickness of @entity8 ) was the only independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the 58 @entity0 and in the 31 @entity0 who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Neither neoadjuvant chemotherapy nor the response to it was an independent prognostic factor for DFS or @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy could reduce the incidence of local invasion for bulky @entity1 but did not improve the DFS or @entity3 in our @entity0 . Without further randomized study of the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, this treatment should be chosen carefully.

title: Radical hysterectomy alone or combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of early stage bulky XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: A relationship between Central Nervous System and coagulation has been known since the work by Goodnight et al5. When an @entity2 occurs tissue damage causes the release of @entity4 -related products, mainly the Tissular Factor. This release produces an activation of the coagulation system specially through its extrinsic path. With this physiopathologic basis we attempt to improve the knowledge of this relation by performing a prospective study at the Intensive Care Unit of our Hospital. The study included 67 @entity0 with cranioencephalic @entity2 alone, with an average Glasgow @entity5 scale score of 10 and a control group consisting of 40 healthy subjects. Two peripheral vein blood extractions were performed, at admission and 24 hours later. @entity7 parameters (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet count and @entity6 ), @entity1 markers (prothrombin fragments @entity8 and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT)) and thrombolisis markers (D-dimer) were determined. Our results show that early after @entity3 an increase in fragments @entity8 , TAT and Ddimer occur. After the first 24 hours a significant decrease in @entity1 markers levels is detected. Modification of the global coagulation parameters was also detected. In conclusion, early after a cranioencephalic @entity2 a simultaneous state of @entity1 and thrombolysis occur which may have the purpose of improving the hemostatic balance.

title: [Haemostatic activation in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely practiced technique in the diagnosis of @entity0 , and it is the only diagnostic procedure performed before definitive treatment, at most institutions. While the histological grading of @entity0 has become routine in many centers worldwide, the cytopathological grading of @entity0 is not commonly used. Grading of @entity0 , while the @entity2 is still in vivo, would be the most ideal and desirable situation, as it would be helpful in the selection of @entity1 for appropriate therapy. The objective of this study, therefore, was to devise a simple system for grading @entity0 , based on the cytological features alone. We reviewed 125 cases of @entity0 retrospectively, which were initially diagnosed by FNAC, with subsequent histopathological confirmation. These included 105 ductal, 6 lobular, 2 tubular, 1 papillary, and 1 @entity4 . There was 1 @entity5 in situ. Nine cases were rendered insufficient for grading. Thus 105 cases of @entity5 (NOS) were evaluated for final cytological grading. Air-dried Diff-Quik-stained smears were reviewed at least twice independently by four histopathologists and were then compared with the original histological grades. Six cytological features used for grading were found to be statistically significant: cellular pleomorphism, nuclear size, nuclear margin, nucleoli, naked @entity2 nuclei, and mitoses. A scoring system based on these six essential parameters was used, to classify @entity5 into three cytological grades, which showed close correlation with the established histological grades. In addition, two less consistent, but still important, features were the presence or absence of @entity3 and stromal invasion. Another six parameters, including smear cellularity, degree of cell dispersion or clustering, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, presence of tubular structures, cytoplasmic appearance of the @entity2 cells, and smear background, were not statistically significant. However, these additional parameters were found helpful in assigning the correct grade, in cases with borderline scores. The concordance rate with histology was 100% for grade 1, 98% for grade 2, and 93% for grade 3.

title: Cytopathological grading, as a predictor of histopathological grade, in XXXX (NOS) of breast, on air-dried Diff-Quik smears.

answer: @entity5


abstract: DNA methylation alteration of several genes contributes to @entity1 tumorigenesis. @entity7 , a member of the D-type cyclins, is implicated in cell cycle regulation and malignant transformation. In our study, we examined the methylation status of the @entity7 promoter in @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity0 and @entity3 cell lines. We observed that aberrant methylation of @entity7 was present in 32 of 56 (57%) @entity4 cell lines, 7 of 32 (22%) @entity4 tissues; 25 of 61 (47%) @entity5 cell lines, 19 of 48 (40%) @entity5 tissues; 18 of 30 (60%) @entity0 cell lines and 19 of 63 (30%) @entity0 tissues. Methylation was more frequent in the @entity3 cell lines compared to the primary breast and @entity4 (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively). Methylation was rare in the control tissue samples; 0 of 12 peripheral blood lymphocytes; 0 of 12 buccal epithelial cells; 0 of 18 nonmalignant lung tissues and 3 of 28 (11%) nonmalignant breast tissues. Promoter methylation correlated with loss of transcript by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in 9 of 11 (6 lung, 5 breast) @entity3 cell lines tested. Two cell lines that were not methylated also lacked expression, suggesting that other mechanisms of inactivation may be involved. Expression was restored by treatment with the demethylating agent, 5 aza 2' @entity6 , in all 9 methylated cell lines. Our results confirm earlier reports in @entity0 and indicate that aberrant methylation of @entity7 may contribute to the pathogenesis of the 2 major @entity2 .

title: Aberrant methylation of the XXXX promoter in primary small cell, nonsmall cell lung and @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: DNA methylation alteration of several genes contributes to @entity1 tumorigenesis. @entity7 , a member of the D-type cyclins, is implicated in cell cycle regulation and malignant transformation. In our study, we examined the methylation status of the @entity7 promoter in @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity0 and @entity3 cell lines. We observed that aberrant methylation of @entity7 was present in 32 of 56 (57%) @entity4 cell lines, 7 of 32 (22%) @entity4 tissues; 25 of 61 (47%) @entity5 cell lines, 19 of 48 (40%) @entity5 tissues; 18 of 30 (60%) @entity0 cell lines and 19 of 63 (30%) @entity0 tissues. Methylation was more frequent in the @entity3 cell lines compared to the primary breast and @entity4 (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively). Methylation was rare in the control tissue samples; 0 of 12 peripheral blood lymphocytes; 0 of 12 buccal epithelial cells; 0 of 18 nonmalignant lung tissues and 3 of 28 (11%) nonmalignant breast tissues. Promoter methylation correlated with loss of transcript by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in 9 of 11 (6 lung, 5 breast) @entity3 cell lines tested. Two cell lines that were not methylated also lacked expression, suggesting that other mechanisms of inactivation may be involved. Expression was restored by treatment with the demethylating agent, 5 aza 2' @entity6 , in all 9 methylated cell lines. Our results confirm earlier reports in @entity0 and indicate that aberrant methylation of @entity7 may contribute to the pathogenesis of the 2 major @entity2 .

title: Aberrant methylation of the @entity7 promoter in primary small cell, nonsmall cell lung and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The declining consumption of ruminant products has been partly associated with their high proportion (but not necessarily content) of @entity3 . Recent studies have focused on the less prominent fact that they are also important sources of beneficial @entity3 , including n-3 @entity3 and conjugated @entity4 . @entity5 (18 : 3n-3) is of particular interest because it also contributes to improved flavour of beef and lamb. Many recent studies showed large effects of special concentrates on levels of @entity3 in milk and meat. However, the 'rumen protection' treatments, needed to ensure a worthwhile level of @entity1 in products, are expensive. Herbage lipids are the cheapest and safest source of these @entity3 and so breeding to increase delivery of @entity3 from plants into ruminant products is an important long-term strategy. Plant lipids usually contain high levels of @entity2 , particularly 18 : 2n-6 and 18 : 3n-3 which are the precursors of beneficial @entity3 . Whilst some plants are particularly rich in individual @entity3 (e.g. 18 : 3n-3 in linseed), there are also useful levels in grass and clover (Trifolium Spp.). Levels of @entity3 in forages in relation to species and varieties are considered, as well as management and conservation methods. Relationships between levels of @entity3 and existing traits and genetic markers are identified. The effects of forage treatments on the @entity1 content of ruminant products are reviewed. The higher levels of @entity2 in milk from @entity0 fed clover silages show that the level of @entity3 in herbage is not the only factor affecting levels of @entity3 in ruminant products. Further effort is needed to characterise susceptibility of @entity2 to oxidative loss during field wilting and biohydrogenation losses in the rumen, and the relative importance of plant and microbial processes in these losses. The pathways of lipolysis and lipid oxidation are reviewed and other plant factors which offer potential to breed for reduced losses are considered.

title: Forage breeding and management to increase the beneficial XXXX content of ruminant products.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To investigate whether the decreased bone formation observed in most experimental situations of disuse was caused by an increased inhibition by the bone microenvironment of osteoblast (OB) proliferation, we studied the inhibiting power on ROS 17/2.8 proliferation of the bone marrow extracellular fluid (IPEF) in loaded and unloaded bones of @entity0 submitted to two situations of partial disuse: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) for 3 days to 2 weeks and around the knee tenectomy (KT) for 2-10 weeks. Histomorphometric parameters and osteoblast precursors dynamics were studied in parallel. Bone volume was lost in the unloaded bones, but not in loaded bones, in both experimental situations. Bone formation was low at early times (7-14 days) in @entity2 @entity0 . However, in KT at later times (4-10 weeks), the osteoblastic index of the unloaded tibia was increased. IPEF was not increased in the unloaded bones 3-7 days after @entity2 . It was decreased later in the course of unloading (after 2 weeks of @entity2 and 2-10 weeks after KT). This decrease was observed in the loaded bones as well. Unexpectedly, we also found that the number of FCFUs was decreased in both loaded and unloaded limbs in @entity2 and KT, and that the yield of cells obtained in primary culture from tibial metaphysis was decreased in both tibiae from KT animals. These data show that an increased IPEF does not play a role in the early inhibition of bone formation responsible for the loss of bone after unloading in the @entity2 model. Its later decrease could be permissive for the increased osteoblastic index observed in the KT model. They also show that, contrary to the usual assumptions, bone biology is changed all over the skeleton after partial unloading, even if the changes result in @entity1 in the unloaded bones only. Thus, as yet, unidentified systemic factors probably superimpose on the local factors that control bone volume.

title: Protracted systemic changes in bone biology after segmented unloading in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 is separated from milk or other fluid dairy products for a variety of reasons. Ultrafiltration is a known process of removing @entity1 from these products. However, during ultrafiltration, valuable minerals, such as @entity0 in soluble form, are also lost into permeate. In this study, a process was developed in which first the @entity1 reduction in skim milk was achieved by ultrafiltration (4x volumetric concentration) using a 10-kDa membrane. Then, the @entity0 present in permeate was precipitated using one of three methods: 1) heat treatment, 2) pH adjustment, or 3) a combination of pH adjustment and heat treatment to permeate, then recovered by refiltering permeate. The process was first developed at laboratory scale, and then its applicability was tested at the pilot scale. Skim milk, retentates, permeates, and the treated permeates were analyzed for total solids, ash, protein, or total @entity2 , @entity0 , and @entity1 content. About 76% of the total @entity1 and about 16% of the @entity0 present in skim milk permeated through the membrane during ultrafiltration. The three treatments applied produced white precipitates and turned the clear permeates turbid. On refiltering the treated permeates approximately 42, approximately 50, and approximately 70% of the total @entity0 present could be recovered from 1) heat-treated, 2) pH-adjusted, and 3) pH-adjusted and heat-treated permeates, respectively. There was no marked change in the @entity1 content due to any of the three treatments and subsequent refiltering of the treated permeates.

title: Process for XXXX retention during skim milk ultrafiltration.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Monocytic cells exposed to @entity1 , through unknown receptors, overexpress the urokinase receptor ( @entity7 ), a key mediator of the plasminogen activation system. We show that combined blockade of @entity5 and @entity6 causes a significant inhibition of @entity1 -induced @entity7 in Mono Mac 6 (MM6) cells. Other pattern recognition receptors tested (CD11b/CD18, the @entity3 receptor, and the @entity4 receptor) did not have demonstrated roles in @entity1 -mediated @entity7 induction. We dissected the result for @entity5 andTLR2 by investigating the singular contributions of each. Independent functional blockade of @entity5 or @entity6 failed to inhibit @entity1 -mediated @entity7 induction. @entity2 differentiation of MM6 cells increased @entity5 expression 12-fold but did not augment @entity1 -mediated @entity7 expression. Peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM) from @entity5 - or @entity6 -deficient @entity0 were not defective in @entity1 -mediated synthesis of @entity7 mRNA and protein. Increased @entity7 mRNA or protein or both were apparent in PEM from transgenic and control @entity0 , even at a ratio of one Borrelia spirochete per cell. We conclude that signaling for the @entity7 response, as mediated by @entity1 , proceeds with @entity5 and @entity6 as partial contributors. That part under control of @entity5 and @entity6 represents a new link between the host plasminogen activation and innate immunity systems.

title: The urokinase receptor can be induced by XXXX through receptors of the innate immune system.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is one of the leading causes of @entity5 in the United States and worldwide. Three to 6 million @entity0 in the United States are at increased risk for developing @entity4 because of @entity6 (IOP), or @entity6 . There is no consensus on the efficacy of medical treatment in delaying or preventing the onset of @entity4 in individuals with elevated IOP. Therefore, we designed a randomized clinical trial, the @entity6 Treatment Study. OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of @entity3 medication in delaying or preventing the onset of @entity4 . METHODS: A total of 1636 @entity0 with no evidence of @entity1 , aged 40 to 80 years, and with an IOP between 24 mm Hg and 32 mm Hg in one eye and between 21 mm Hg and 32 mm Hg in the other eye were randomized to either observation or treatment with commercially available @entity3 medication. The goal in the medication group was to reduce the IOP by 20% or more and to reach an IOP of 24 mm Hg or less. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the development of reproducible @entity2 or reproducible optic disc deterioration attributed to @entity4 . Abnormalities were determined by masked certified readers at the reading centers, and attribution to @entity4 was decided by the masked Endpoint Committee. RESULTS: During the course of the study, the mean +/- SD reduction in IOP in the medication group was 22.5% +/- 9.9%. The IOP declined by 4.0% +/- 11.6% in the observation group. At 60 months, the cumulative probability of developing @entity4 was 4.4% in the medication group and 9.5% in the observation group (hazard ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.59; P<.0001). There was little evidence of increased systemic or ocular risk associated with @entity3 medication. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 medication was effective in delaying or preventing the onset of @entity4 in individuals with elevated IOP. Although this does not imply that all @entity0 with borderline or elevated IOP should receive medication, clinicians should consider initiating treatment for individuals with @entity6 who are at moderate or high risk for developing @entity4 .

title: The XXXX Treatment Study: a randomized trial determines that @entity3 medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is one of the leading causes of @entity5 in the United States and worldwide. Three to 6 million @entity0 in the United States are at increased risk for developing @entity4 because of @entity6 (IOP), or @entity6 . There is no consensus on the efficacy of medical treatment in delaying or preventing the onset of @entity4 in individuals with elevated IOP. Therefore, we designed a randomized clinical trial, the @entity6 Treatment Study. OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of @entity3 medication in delaying or preventing the onset of @entity4 . METHODS: A total of 1636 @entity0 with no evidence of @entity1 , aged 40 to 80 years, and with an IOP between 24 mm Hg and 32 mm Hg in one eye and between 21 mm Hg and 32 mm Hg in the other eye were randomized to either observation or treatment with commercially available @entity3 medication. The goal in the medication group was to reduce the IOP by 20% or more and to reach an IOP of 24 mm Hg or less. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the development of reproducible @entity2 or reproducible optic disc deterioration attributed to @entity4 . Abnormalities were determined by masked certified readers at the reading centers, and attribution to @entity4 was decided by the masked Endpoint Committee. RESULTS: During the course of the study, the mean +/- SD reduction in IOP in the medication group was 22.5% +/- 9.9%. The IOP declined by 4.0% +/- 11.6% in the observation group. At 60 months, the cumulative probability of developing @entity4 was 4.4% in the medication group and 9.5% in the observation group (hazard ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.59; P<.0001). There was little evidence of increased systemic or ocular risk associated with @entity3 medication. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 medication was effective in delaying or preventing the onset of @entity4 in individuals with elevated IOP. Although this does not imply that all @entity0 with borderline or elevated IOP should receive medication, clinicians should consider initiating treatment for individuals with @entity6 who are at moderate or high risk for developing @entity4 .

title: The @entity6 Treatment Study: a randomized trial determines that XXXX medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The response of plasma @entity1 to diet is modulated by endogenous and exogenous factors such as body mass, @entity3 consumption, gender and the genetic background. Our purpose was to know whether the response degree depends on the concentration of @entity1 prior to the intervention and whether several polymorphisms modulating the @entity1 response to diet are actually involved in such response. @entity0 AND METHOD: Seventy two males with @entity4 were administered three different 4-weeks duration diets. The first one was a saturated fat-enriched (SAT) diet. Then, in a randomized and crossed manner, subjects were categorized in two groups: one group received a diet with low fat but high complex @entity5 contents ( @entity2 ); the another group received a monounsaturated fat-enriched diet (Mediterranean diet). In the third period, we inverted the diets of the previous period. We determined the prevalent genotypes of the following apoproteins: E, CIII, A-IV, A-I, B, A-IV 360. RESULTS: The diet with low fat contents and the Mediterranean diet led to a significant decrease of total @entity1 , @entity6 . Those at the upper @entity6 tertile, after the SAT diet, were found to have statistically significant greater decreases (absolute and relative values) with the Mediterranean and HCO diet. In the multivariate analysis, the only variable with an effect on the modification of @entity6 , after shifting a SAT to any hypolipidemic diet, were the levels of @entity6 at the end of a SAT diet. The allelic frequency of different apoproteins in the hyper-respondent group was not different from that in the hypo-respondent group (response displayed when going from a SAT period to any hypolipidemic diet). CONCLUSIONS: The decrease of @entity6 observed with hypolipidemic diets (low in fat contents or Mediterranean) was more significant in those individuals with @entity4 who had higher levels of @entity6 at the onset.

title: [Response degree of @entity1 LDL to feeding in males with XXXX according to baseline value].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The response of plasma @entity1 to diet is modulated by endogenous and exogenous factors such as body mass, @entity3 consumption, gender and the genetic background. Our purpose was to know whether the response degree depends on the concentration of @entity1 prior to the intervention and whether several polymorphisms modulating the @entity1 response to diet are actually involved in such response. @entity0 AND METHOD: Seventy two males with @entity4 were administered three different 4-weeks duration diets. The first one was a saturated fat-enriched (SAT) diet. Then, in a randomized and crossed manner, subjects were categorized in two groups: one group received a diet with low fat but high complex @entity5 contents ( @entity2 ); the another group received a monounsaturated fat-enriched diet (Mediterranean diet). In the third period, we inverted the diets of the previous period. We determined the prevalent genotypes of the following apoproteins: E, CIII, A-IV, A-I, B, A-IV 360. RESULTS: The diet with low fat contents and the Mediterranean diet led to a significant decrease of total @entity1 , @entity6 . Those at the upper @entity6 tertile, after the SAT diet, were found to have statistically significant greater decreases (absolute and relative values) with the Mediterranean and HCO diet. In the multivariate analysis, the only variable with an effect on the modification of @entity6 , after shifting a SAT to any hypolipidemic diet, were the levels of @entity6 at the end of a SAT diet. The allelic frequency of different apoproteins in the hyper-respondent group was not different from that in the hypo-respondent group (response displayed when going from a SAT period to any hypolipidemic diet). CONCLUSIONS: The decrease of @entity6 observed with hypolipidemic diets (low in fat contents or Mediterranean) was more significant in those individuals with @entity4 who had higher levels of @entity6 at the onset.

title: [Response degree of XXXX LDL to feeding in males with @entity4 according to baseline value].

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study compared contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) measures of @entity1 with molecular markers of angiogenesis in a @entity0 @entity4 xenograft model. A total of 14 @entity3 were implanted with a @entity0 @entity4 cell line (WM-9) in the thigh. After 2 to 3 weeks, a @entity1 , approximately 12 mm in diameter, developed. The US contrast agent Optison (Mallinckrodt, St. Louis, MO) was injected in a tail vein (dose: 0.4 to 0.6 mL/kg). Power Doppler and pulse-inversion harmonic imaging (HI) were performed with an Elegra scanner (Siemens Medical Systems, Issaquah, WA) and a 7.5 MHz linear array. Frame-rates of 30 Hz and 0.5 Hz (intermittent imaging) were used for pulse-inversion HI. After surgical removal, specimens were sectioned in the same planes as the US images. Immunohistochemical stains for endothelial cells ( @entity6 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were performed. Two observers graded the stains (for intensity and percent area), and two other observers graded the US imaging modes (for fractional @entity1 ) on the same scale from 0 to 3. Of the 14 @entity3 , 4 failed for technical reasons (i.e., n = 10). Linear regressions indicated statistically significant correlations between percent area stained with @entity7 and power Doppler (r = -0.789; p < 0.01), as well as intermittent pulse-inversion HI (r = -0.795; p < 0.05). There was a trend toward significance between percent area stained with @entity2 and intermittent pulse-inversion HI (r = -0.720; 0.05 < p < 0.10). No other comparisons were significant. In conclusion, contrast-enhanced US measures of @entity1 in a @entity0 @entity4 xenograft model appear to provide a noninvasive marker of angiogenesis corresponding to expression of @entity7 . However, the sample size of this study is small and, until further studies have been conducted, these conclusions are preliminary.

title: Comparing contrast-enhanced ultrasound to immunohistochemical markers of angiogenesis in a @entity0 XXXX xenograft model: preliminary results.

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study compared contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) measures of @entity1 with molecular markers of angiogenesis in a @entity0 @entity4 xenograft model. A total of 14 @entity3 were implanted with a @entity0 @entity4 cell line (WM-9) in the thigh. After 2 to 3 weeks, a @entity1 , approximately 12 mm in diameter, developed. The US contrast agent Optison (Mallinckrodt, St. Louis, MO) was injected in a tail vein (dose: 0.4 to 0.6 mL/kg). Power Doppler and pulse-inversion harmonic imaging (HI) were performed with an Elegra scanner (Siemens Medical Systems, Issaquah, WA) and a 7.5 MHz linear array. Frame-rates of 30 Hz and 0.5 Hz (intermittent imaging) were used for pulse-inversion HI. After surgical removal, specimens were sectioned in the same planes as the US images. Immunohistochemical stains for endothelial cells ( @entity6 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were performed. Two observers graded the stains (for intensity and percent area), and two other observers graded the US imaging modes (for fractional @entity1 ) on the same scale from 0 to 3. Of the 14 @entity3 , 4 failed for technical reasons (i.e., n = 10). Linear regressions indicated statistically significant correlations between percent area stained with @entity7 and power Doppler (r = -0.789; p < 0.01), as well as intermittent pulse-inversion HI (r = -0.795; p < 0.05). There was a trend toward significance between percent area stained with @entity2 and intermittent pulse-inversion HI (r = -0.720; 0.05 < p < 0.10). No other comparisons were significant. In conclusion, contrast-enhanced US measures of @entity1 in a @entity0 @entity4 xenograft model appear to provide a noninvasive marker of angiogenesis corresponding to expression of @entity7 . However, the sample size of this study is small and, until further studies have been conducted, these conclusions are preliminary.

title: Comparing contrast-enhanced ultrasound to immunohistochemical markers of angiogenesis in a XXXX @entity4 xenograft model: preliminary results.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is an important @entity1 of childhood @entity9 , but little is known about its epidemiology and outcomes. AIM: To determine the predictive factors, clinical features, causative pathogens, and outcomes of @entity3 secondary to perinatal and childhood @entity9 . DESIGN: Retrospective analysis METHODS: Over the period 1986-2001, 166 perinatal and childhood @entity0 were identified as having culture-proven @entity9 , of whom 14 had @entity3 at admission. The clinical and CSF data of @entity0 with and without @entity3 on admission were compared. RESULTS: @entity3 @entity0 accounted for 10% (14/166) of @entity9 , mostly in the first year of life (11/14, 79%). @entity10 species (n = 4) and @entity2 (n = 4) were the most frequent causative pathogens, accounting for 57% (8/14) of episodes. Single @entity6 were found in four @entity0 and multiple @entity6 in 10. At 1 year follow-up, outcome was good in three, but poor in 11. Significant differences between the two @entity0 groups at admission included age bands, presence of @entity4 , @entity7 , disturbed consciousness on admission, and CSF @entity5 concentration. DISCUSSION: There was a high prevalence of @entity3 when the disease was caused by @entity8 and @entity10 species. Occurrence was highest in the first year of life, and the prognosis in this @entity0 group is poor. Risk factors associated with @entity3 in our @entity0 included age 28-365 days, @entity4 , @entity7 , disturbed consciousness on admission, and high CSF @entity5 concentrations.

title: @entity3 in perinatal and childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is an important @entity1 of childhood @entity9 , but little is known about its epidemiology and outcomes. AIM: To determine the predictive factors, clinical features, causative pathogens, and outcomes of @entity3 secondary to perinatal and childhood @entity9 . DESIGN: Retrospective analysis METHODS: Over the period 1986-2001, 166 perinatal and childhood @entity0 were identified as having culture-proven @entity9 , of whom 14 had @entity3 at admission. The clinical and CSF data of @entity0 with and without @entity3 on admission were compared. RESULTS: @entity3 @entity0 accounted for 10% (14/166) of @entity9 , mostly in the first year of life (11/14, 79%). @entity10 species (n = 4) and @entity2 (n = 4) were the most frequent causative pathogens, accounting for 57% (8/14) of episodes. Single @entity6 were found in four @entity0 and multiple @entity6 in 10. At 1 year follow-up, outcome was good in three, but poor in 11. Significant differences between the two @entity0 groups at admission included age bands, presence of @entity4 , @entity7 , disturbed consciousness on admission, and CSF @entity5 concentration. DISCUSSION: There was a high prevalence of @entity3 when the disease was caused by @entity8 and @entity10 species. Occurrence was highest in the first year of life, and the prognosis in this @entity0 group is poor. Risk factors associated with @entity3 in our @entity0 included age 28-365 days, @entity4 , @entity7 , disturbed consciousness on admission, and high CSF @entity5 concentrations.

title: XXXX in perinatal and childhood @entity9 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 head consists of a globular catalytic domain and a long alpha-helical regulatory domain. The catalytic domain is responsible for binding to actin and for setting the stage for the main force-generating event, which is a "swing" of the regulatory domain. The proximal end of the regulatory domain contains the essential light chain 1 (LC1). This light chain can interact through the N and C termini with actin and @entity1 heavy chain. The interactions may inhibit the motion of the proximal end. In consequence the motion of the distal end (containing regulatory light chain, @entity2 ) may be different from the motion of the proximal end. To test this possibility, the angular motion of LC1 and @entity2 was measured simultaneously during muscle contraction. Engineered LC1 and @entity2 were labeled with red and green fluorescent probes, respectively, and exchanged with native light chains of striated muscle. The confocal microscope was modified to measure the anisotropy from 0.3 microm(3) volume containing approximately 600 fluorescent cross-bridges. Static measurements revealed that the magnitude of the angular change associated with transition from rigor to relaxation was less than 5 degrees for both light chains. Cross-bridges were activated by a precise delivery of @entity0 from a caged precursor. The time course of the angular change consisted of a fast phase followed by a slow phase and was the same for both light chains. These results suggest that the interactions of LC1 do not inhibit the angular motion of the proximal end of the regulatory domain and that the whole domain rotates as a rigid body.

title: Regulatory and essential light chains of XXXX rotate equally during contraction of skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is a rare condition characterized by cutaneous vascular proliferation that usually occurs in @entity0 with diverse types of @entity3 . Although intravascular proliferation of endothelial cells has been considered to be the key histologic feature in @entity14 , other patterns of vascular proliferation have also been described. We reviewed the clinicopathologic features in 15 cases of @entity14 . The study group comprised eight males and seven females with an age range of 47-88 years (median 65 years). Eleven @entity0 had @entity3 : @entity2 (six @entity0 , including three post renal transplantation); @entity6 (two @entity0 ); one @entity0 each had @entity11 , @entity8 multiforme (on chemotherapy), and @entity5 / @entity10 rheumatica. Six @entity0 were iatrogenically immunosuppressed at the onset of the @entity4 . The clinical appearance included multiple erythematous macules, plaques, @entity1 , and @entity9 , with a wide distribution but a propensity to involve limbs. Lesions had been present for 1 month to 4 years (median 4 months). Lesions resolved in four cases, improved in two cases, remained static in one case, and progressed in four cases. Two cases were recent and follow-up was not available in two other cases. Three @entity0 died of their @entity3 with resolution, improvement, and progression of lesions, respectively. All lesions were characterized histologically by a proliferation of capillaries in the dermis, with variably diffuse (seven cases), lobular (six cases), or mixed lobular and diffuse patterns (two cases). There was marked intercase and intracase heterogeneity in histologic features. Common features included fibrin microthrombi (nine cases), reactive ( @entity12 -like) dermal alterations (seven cases), and foci of epithelioid endothelium (four cases). Four of 10 cases tested showed positive immunohistochemical staining for @entity13 latent nuclear antigen in lesional endothelial cell nuclei. This study suggests that @entity14 has a broader clinicopathologic spectrum than previously described. The pathogenesis of this @entity7 is unknown, but it is likely that immunologic factors play a role.

title: XXXX : a study of 15 cases demonstrating a wide clinicopathologic spectrum.

answer: @entity14


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We describe and analyze the effectiveness and safety of @entity6 for procedural sedation and evaluate the @entity0 's perspective on effectiveness, side effects, and satisfaction. METHODS: We conducted an observational retrospective study of all @entity0 who received @entity6 for procedural sedation over 2 years in 3 affiliated suburban emergency departments of a large group-model health maintenance organization. Data were abstracted from the ED records. Additionally, a @entity0 questionnaire was prospectively administered by telephone. RESULTS: @entity6 was used for sedation in 134 @entity0 between 6 and 93 years of age during 150 procedures. The mean cumulative dose was 0.20 mg/kg. Adjunctive medication was used in 36 (23%) procedures. Moderate sedation with verbal arousability was induced in 48 (32%) @entity0 , and deep sedation with verbal unresponsiveness was induced in 102 (68%) @entity0 . Full recovery to the preprocedural level of alertness was achieved within 30 minutes in 142 (95%) of procedures. Mean changes in systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and @entity1 saturation were clinically insignificant. There were 7 (4.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9% to 9.4%) adverse events, including 5 (3.3%; 95% CI 1.1% to 7.6%) cases of @entity1 desaturation below 94% in older @entity0 (>55 years of age) who received slightly higher mean doses of @entity6 (0.23 mg/kg). Four of these @entity0 received brief assisted bag-valve-mask ventilation and recovered uneventfully; none required endotracheal intubation. The questionnaire was completed by 120 (90%) of 134 @entity0 and involved 136 procedures. During 127 (93%) of these, @entity6 was believed to be extremely effective in causing sleep, and for 127 (93%) it induced complete procedural @entity5 . Only 5 (4%) @entity0 experienced @entity2 or @entity3 . Regarding willingness to receive @entity6 for their next procedure, the @entity0 ' responses were favorable: extremely, 95%; moderately, 2%; slightly, 3%; and not at all, 1%. CONCLUSION: @entity6 is a useful agent for carefully conducted procedural sedation because it provides effective, brief, deep sedation with little hemodynamic compromise. Its safety may be jeopardized by the occurrence of @entity4 in older @entity0 receiving higher doses. @entity0 report a high degree of satisfaction with @entity6 .

title: XXXX for procedural sedation in emergency medicine.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The @entity2 proteinase inhibitors (serpins) are a superfamily of proteins with a diverse set of functions, including the control of @entity4 , complement activation, programmed cell death and development. The most abundant serpins in @entity0 plasma are @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 (ACT). During @entity1 , circulating levels can increase by up to 3-fold for the former and by 4-5-fold for the latter. The major site for increased synthesis is the liver. Other tissues, such as the lung, are also capable of synthesizing @entity5 and ACT, and expression can be increased by up to 100-fold by cytokines. There is a tissue-specific promoter for the liver, and alternative promoters for other tissues that express @entity5 . Basal @entity5 expression is regulated by the synergistic action of the tissue-specific transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factors 1alpha and 4. An enhancer positioned approx. 1.2 kb from the end of the last exon in the 3' flanking sequence modulates cytokine-induced expression by @entity3 and @entity7 . Microcell hybrid transfection studies have shown that a sequence containing 15 kb of 5' flanking sequence is sufficient to allow stable expression of @entity5 in a position-independent manner. There is probably a single promoter for ACT. @entity7 -inducible elements have been identified in the 5' flanking sequence approx. 100 bp upstream from the transcription initiation site, and a further interleukin-1-responsive enhancer has been identified approx. 13 kb upstream. The pathways for a humoral response are being mapped at high resolution.

title: Gene regulation of the XXXX proteinase inhibitors alpha1-antitrypsin and @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity2 proteinase inhibitors (serpins) are a superfamily of proteins with a diverse set of functions, including the control of @entity4 , complement activation, programmed cell death and development. The most abundant serpins in @entity0 plasma are @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 (ACT). During @entity1 , circulating levels can increase by up to 3-fold for the former and by 4-5-fold for the latter. The major site for increased synthesis is the liver. Other tissues, such as the lung, are also capable of synthesizing @entity5 and ACT, and expression can be increased by up to 100-fold by cytokines. There is a tissue-specific promoter for the liver, and alternative promoters for other tissues that express @entity5 . Basal @entity5 expression is regulated by the synergistic action of the tissue-specific transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factors 1alpha and 4. An enhancer positioned approx. 1.2 kb from the end of the last exon in the 3' flanking sequence modulates cytokine-induced expression by @entity3 and @entity7 . Microcell hybrid transfection studies have shown that a sequence containing 15 kb of 5' flanking sequence is sufficient to allow stable expression of @entity5 in a position-independent manner. There is probably a single promoter for ACT. @entity7 -inducible elements have been identified in the 5' flanking sequence approx. 100 bp upstream from the transcription initiation site, and a further interleukin-1-responsive enhancer has been identified approx. 13 kb upstream. The pathways for a humoral response are being mapped at high resolution.

title: Gene regulation of the @entity2 proteinase inhibitors alpha1-antitrypsin and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Type XI collagen is composed of three chains, alpha 1(XI), alpha 2(XI), and alpha 3(XI), and plays a critical role in the formation of @entity6 fibrils and in skeletal morphogenesis. It was previously reported that the -530-bp promoter segment of the alpha 2(XI) collagen gene ( @entity7 ) was sufficient for cartilage-specific expression and that a 24-bp sequence from this segment was able to switch promoter activity from neural tissues to cartilage in @entity1 when this sequence was placed in the heterologous neurofilament light gene (NFL) promoter. To identify a protein factor that bound to the 24-bp sequence of the @entity7 promoter, we screened a @entity1 limb bud cDNA expression library in the @entity3 one-hybrid screening system and obtained the cDNA clone @entity8 . Sequence analysis revealed that @entity8 is a @entity2 finger protein consisting of a Kr  ppel-associated box (KRAB) and is a homologue of @entity0 @entity9 , which was previously isolated by random cloning and sequencing. The KRAB domain has been found in a number of @entity2 finger proteins and implicated as a transcriptional repression domain, although few target genes for KRAB-containing @entity2 finger proteins has been identified. Here, we demonstrate that @entity8 functions as a negative regulator of @entity7 . In situ hybridization analysis of developing @entity1 cartilage showed that @entity8 mRNA is highly expressed by @entity5 chondrocytes but is minimally expressed by resting and proliferating chondrocytes, in an inverse correlation with the expression patterns of @entity7 . Gel shift assays showed that @entity8 bound a specific sequence within the 24-bp site of the @entity7 promoter. We found that @entity7 promoter activity was inhibited by transfection of the @entity8 expression vector in RSC cells, a @entity4 cell line. The expression vector for mutant @entity8 lacking the KRAB domain failed to inhibit @entity7 promoter activity. These results demonstrate that KRAB- @entity2 finger protein @entity8 inhibits transcription of its physiological target gene, suggesting a novel regulatory mechanism of cartilage-specific expression of @entity7 .

title: A Kr  ppel-associated box- XXXX finger protein, @entity8 , represses cell-type-specific promoter activity of the alpha 2(XI) collagen gene.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Type XI collagen is composed of three chains, alpha 1(XI), alpha 2(XI), and alpha 3(XI), and plays a critical role in the formation of @entity6 fibrils and in skeletal morphogenesis. It was previously reported that the -530-bp promoter segment of the alpha 2(XI) collagen gene ( @entity7 ) was sufficient for cartilage-specific expression and that a 24-bp sequence from this segment was able to switch promoter activity from neural tissues to cartilage in @entity1 when this sequence was placed in the heterologous neurofilament light gene (NFL) promoter. To identify a protein factor that bound to the 24-bp sequence of the @entity7 promoter, we screened a @entity1 limb bud cDNA expression library in the @entity3 one-hybrid screening system and obtained the cDNA clone @entity8 . Sequence analysis revealed that @entity8 is a @entity2 finger protein consisting of a Kr  ppel-associated box (KRAB) and is a homologue of @entity0 @entity9 , which was previously isolated by random cloning and sequencing. The KRAB domain has been found in a number of @entity2 finger proteins and implicated as a transcriptional repression domain, although few target genes for KRAB-containing @entity2 finger proteins has been identified. Here, we demonstrate that @entity8 functions as a negative regulator of @entity7 . In situ hybridization analysis of developing @entity1 cartilage showed that @entity8 mRNA is highly expressed by @entity5 chondrocytes but is minimally expressed by resting and proliferating chondrocytes, in an inverse correlation with the expression patterns of @entity7 . Gel shift assays showed that @entity8 bound a specific sequence within the 24-bp site of the @entity7 promoter. We found that @entity7 promoter activity was inhibited by transfection of the @entity8 expression vector in RSC cells, a @entity4 cell line. The expression vector for mutant @entity8 lacking the KRAB domain failed to inhibit @entity7 promoter activity. These results demonstrate that KRAB- @entity2 finger protein @entity8 inhibits transcription of its physiological target gene, suggesting a novel regulatory mechanism of cartilage-specific expression of @entity7 .

title: A Kr  ppel-associated box- @entity2 finger protein, XXXX , represses cell-type-specific promoter activity of the alpha 2(XI) collagen gene.

answer: @entity8


abstract: New finding: @entity4 as a sequella to post-natal @entity7 . BACKGROUND: @entity0 born of mothers who abused illegal substances during pregnancy can present with signs and symptoms of a @entity7 , including @entity2 , jitteriness, @entity3 . Usually these symptoms appear from a few hours up to a few days after birth. It is frequently followed by a post-withdrawal period of several weeks duration with crying, excitability, sleep irregularities and feeding difficulties. The purpose is to report the presence of @entity4 in @entity0 born from @entity5 mothers. METHODS: Five @entity0 born from @entity5 mothers were examined. RESULTS: Three @entity0 (case 1 - 3) presented with @entity4 . Two other @entity0 (case 4 - 5) presented with a peculiar transient @entity4 , lasting 6 months and 7 months respectively. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, @entity4 has never been reported in the literature. It was detected in two @entity0 who suffered from a post-natal @entity7 necessitating substitution therapy, including @entity6 . This may represent a form of @entity6 @entity1 .

title: [New finding: transitory XXXX secondary to neonatal abstinence syndrome].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of low concentration CO on neurobehaviour function and the maximal allowable concentration (MAC) in limited time. METHOD: 40 KM (kunming) male @entity0 were randomly divided into groups A, B, C and D. They were exposed to normal air, 30 mg/m3 CO, 300 mg/m3 CO and 600 mg/m3 CO respectively. The changes in neurobehaviour function of the @entity0 before, during and after 72 h exposure in 0.5 m3 static chambers were observed. Four indices were measured: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and error rate (ER) in the water maze test, enter check frequency (ECF) and urine or excrement frequency (UEF) in open field test. RESULT: The set upright frequency in group D was smaller than those in groups A, B and C during exposure. @entity2 and ER values went in a direction contrary to pre-exposure the four groups in the second 3 days (6 d) after or out of exposure, while ER values showed that group D > group C > group A > group B in the third 3 days (9 d). @entity2 value was not different among the 4 groups, but its order of numerical value was similar to the ER order. The order of ECF values was that group C > group A and group D in 3 d after or out of exposure and not different among the 4 groups in 6 d and group D < group A and group B in 9 d. UEF values were not different among the 4 groups in 3 d and 9 d, but group D > group A and group B in 6 d after or out of exposure. Comparison with every group itself, showed statistically significance increase in ER values in 9 d out of exposure than before exposure in group D. ECF values showed the statistics significant increase in 9 d in group A and B. CONCLUSION: Low concentration CO may interfere with the learning and memory of @entity0 in the water maze and impede the development of the motor nervous function and disturb the steadiness of emotion of @entity0 in the open field. In addition, low concentration of CO may be of @entity1 .

title: [Effects of low concentration carbon monoxide on the neurobehavior function in XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This article discusses theoretical, psychometric, and practical considerations of quality of life assessment in older adults with @entity1 . It describes a new measure of quality of life in @entity3 , the QOL-AD, and examines the reliability and validity of @entity0 and caregiver reports of @entity0 quality of life. METHODS: Subjects were 177 @entity0 /caregiver dyads. @entity0 Mini Mental State Exam scores ranged from 0 to 29, with a mean score of 16 (SD = 7). Each @entity0 and caregiver rated the @entity0 's quality of life on the QOL-AD. @entity0 functional and cognitive status, psychological state, physical function, and @entity2 were also assessed. Reliability and validity of @entity0 QOL-AD reports were examined across three levels of @entity1 . RESULTS: One hundred, fifty-five @entity0 were able to complete the QOL-AD. Completers scored between 4 and 29 on the Mini Mental State Exam, whereas noncompleters all scored 10 or lower. Reliability for both @entity0 and caregiver reports on the QOL-AD was good (alpha values ranged from 0.83 to 0.90). Validity of @entity0 and caregiver reports across cognitive levels was supported by correlation with measures of @entity4 (r = -0.41 to -0.65), day-to-day functioning (r = -0.10 to -0.45), and pleasant events frequency (r = 0.18 to 0.51). Intraclass correlation between @entity0 and caregiver reports was positive across all cognitive levels (r = 0.14 to 0.39). CONCLUSIONS: The QOL-AD seems to be reliable and valid for individuals with MMSE scores greater than 10. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between @entity0 and caregiver reports of @entity0 quality of life and to identify factors that influence quality of life throughout the progression of @entity3 .

title: Assessing quality of life in older adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. To evaluate the effect of primary in vitro antigenic stimulation on a population of immunologically competent cells, a homologous cell transfer system was used, with adult @entity1 as the spleen cell donors, killed @entity2 as the antigen, and newly hatched chicks as the recipients. 2. The distribution of antibody titers in recipients of cells from random donors was bimodal, with about 30 per cent showing no detectable titer and the remainder distributed normally. 3. Variability of titer was reduced significantly in subgroups receiving cells from a single donor, indicating that the primary source of variability was the genetic capacity of discrete cell populations to respond to antigen. 4. In serial passage studies, activity of donor cell populations was lost rapidly: antibody was not demonstrated after the second passage, and the graft versus host reaction ( @entity0 ) was not demonstrated after the third passage. Results were similar with in vitro antigenic stimulation at the time of the first passage only and with additional stimulation at the time of subsequent transfers. 5. The thesis that,the homograft reaction of the newly hatched recipients had contributed significantly to the variability in the single transfer studies and to the rapid loss of activity in the serial transfer experiments was confirmed by the results of transfers following alteration of the lymphoreticular system of the host by thorotrast administration, splenectomy, and treatment with @entity3 during embryogenesis. All three favored the survival and function of transferred cells, raising the average antibody titer and virtually eliminating the no-response category. The inhibition of homograft immunity was most pronounced in the @entity3 group.

title: Antibody-producing capacity of adult XXXX spleen cells in newly hatched chicks.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Reducing the acquisition time of whole-body @entity2 positron emission tomography ( @entity2 PET) (corrected for attenuation) is of major importance in clinical practice. With the introduction of @entity4 (LSO), the acquisition time can be dramatically reduced, provided that @entity0 are injected with larger amounts of tracer and/or the system is operated in 3D mode. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dose of @entity2 required in order to achieve good-to-excellent image quality when a "3-min emission, 2-min transmission/bed position" protocol is used for an LSO PET camera. A total of 218 consecutive whole-body @entity2 PET studies were evaluated retrospectively. After excluding @entity0 with liver @entity1 , hyperglycaemia and paravenous injections, the final study population consisted of 186 subjects (112 @entity0 , 74 @entity0 , age 59 +/- 15 years). @entity0 were injected with an activity of @entity2 ranging from 2.23 to 15.21 MBq/kg. Whole-body images corrected for attenuation (3 min emission, 2 min transmission/bed position) were acquired with an LSO PET camera (Ecat Accel, @entity3 ) 60 min after tracer administration. @entity0 were positioned with their arms along the body. Image reconstruction was done iteratively and a post-reconstruction filter was applied. Image quality was scored visually by two independent observers using a five-point scoring scale (poor, reasonable, good, very good, excellent). In addition, the coefficient of variability (COV) was measured in a region of interest over the liver in order to quantify noise. Of the images obtained in 118 @entity0 injected with > or =8 MBq/kg @entity2 , 92% and 90% were classified as good, very good or excellent by observer 1 and observer 2, respectively. The COV averaged 10.63% +/- 3.19% for doses > or =8 MBq/kg and 16.46% +/- 5.14% for doses <8 MBq/kg. Administration of an @entity2 dose of > or =8 MBq/kg results in images of good to excellent quality in the vast majority of @entity0 when using an LSO PET camera and applying a 3-min emission, 2-min transmission/bed position acquisition protocol. At lower doses, a rapid decline in image quality and increasing noise are observed. Alternative protocols should be adopted in order to compensate for the loss in image quality when doses <8 MBq/kg are used.

title: Optimal dose of XXXX required for whole-body PET using an LSO PET camera.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The therapy of malignant diseases of the conjunctiva with local chemotherapy is an extension of the therapeutic options in this field. We report on our experience in the therapy of @entity2 of the conjunctiva associated with primary acquired @entity4 (PAM). METHODS AND @entity0 : Between March 1998 and April 2001, 13 @entity0 with @entity2 associated with PAM (6 female; 7 male; mean age 57+/-13 years) were treated with local chemotherapy. The @entity1 was classified as stage pT2 (pN0, pM0) in seven @entity0 , stage @entity5 (pN0, pM0) in three @entity0 and in the remaining three @entity0 the lid was involved in the malignant process (pT4, pN0, pM0). Local chemotherapy ( @entity3 0.02% eyedrops 5 times a day) was applied after incisional biopsies in 2 cycles for 14 days with a 14-day break. In 4 @entity0 a third cycle was included. RESULTS: Regression of the @entity1 was observed after completion of the therapy in all cases. Severe ocular or systemic secondary effects were not seen in our @entity0 . Nine @entity0 were without recurrence within the follow-up time. In three @entity0 , a recurrence of the disease was observed. In these cases, the eyelid was involved in the process. CONCLUSION: Local chemotherapy with @entity3 is a useful option in the treatment of @entity2 of the conjunctiva associated with PAM if the @entity1 stage is @entity5 or less. From our point of view the combination with incisional biopsy is of great benefit. Prognosis of @entity2 involving the lid margin (pT4) is poor.

title: [Management of conjunctival malignant @entity2 associated with primary acquired @entity4 (PAM) using 0.02% XXXX eyedrops].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The therapy of malignant diseases of the conjunctiva with local chemotherapy is an extension of the therapeutic options in this field. We report on our experience in the therapy of @entity2 of the conjunctiva associated with primary acquired @entity4 (PAM). METHODS AND @entity0 : Between March 1998 and April 2001, 13 @entity0 with @entity2 associated with PAM (6 female; 7 male; mean age 57+/-13 years) were treated with local chemotherapy. The @entity1 was classified as stage pT2 (pN0, pM0) in seven @entity0 , stage @entity5 (pN0, pM0) in three @entity0 and in the remaining three @entity0 the lid was involved in the malignant process (pT4, pN0, pM0). Local chemotherapy ( @entity3 0.02% eyedrops 5 times a day) was applied after incisional biopsies in 2 cycles for 14 days with a 14-day break. In 4 @entity0 a third cycle was included. RESULTS: Regression of the @entity1 was observed after completion of the therapy in all cases. Severe ocular or systemic secondary effects were not seen in our @entity0 . Nine @entity0 were without recurrence within the follow-up time. In three @entity0 , a recurrence of the disease was observed. In these cases, the eyelid was involved in the process. CONCLUSION: Local chemotherapy with @entity3 is a useful option in the treatment of @entity2 of the conjunctiva associated with PAM if the @entity1 stage is @entity5 or less. From our point of view the combination with incisional biopsy is of great benefit. Prognosis of @entity2 involving the lid margin (pT4) is poor.

title: [Management of conjunctival malignant @entity2 associated with primary acquired XXXX (PAM) using 0.02% @entity3 eyedrops].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The therapy of malignant diseases of the conjunctiva with local chemotherapy is an extension of the therapeutic options in this field. We report on our experience in the therapy of @entity2 of the conjunctiva associated with primary acquired @entity4 (PAM). METHODS AND @entity0 : Between March 1998 and April 2001, 13 @entity0 with @entity2 associated with PAM (6 female; 7 male; mean age 57+/-13 years) were treated with local chemotherapy. The @entity1 was classified as stage pT2 (pN0, pM0) in seven @entity0 , stage @entity5 (pN0, pM0) in three @entity0 and in the remaining three @entity0 the lid was involved in the malignant process (pT4, pN0, pM0). Local chemotherapy ( @entity3 0.02% eyedrops 5 times a day) was applied after incisional biopsies in 2 cycles for 14 days with a 14-day break. In 4 @entity0 a third cycle was included. RESULTS: Regression of the @entity1 was observed after completion of the therapy in all cases. Severe ocular or systemic secondary effects were not seen in our @entity0 . Nine @entity0 were without recurrence within the follow-up time. In three @entity0 , a recurrence of the disease was observed. In these cases, the eyelid was involved in the process. CONCLUSION: Local chemotherapy with @entity3 is a useful option in the treatment of @entity2 of the conjunctiva associated with PAM if the @entity1 stage is @entity5 or less. From our point of view the combination with incisional biopsy is of great benefit. Prognosis of @entity2 involving the lid margin (pT4) is poor.

title: [Management of conjunctival malignant XXXX associated with primary acquired @entity4 (PAM) using 0.02% @entity3 eyedrops].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity1 of pegylated liposomal @entity6 in @entity0 with advanced @entity8 . METHODS: Pegylated liposomal @entity6 was administered at a dose of 40 mg/m2, and repeated on an every 28-day schedule. RESULTS: A total of 19 @entity0 were enrolled in this phase 2 trial. Fourteen @entity0 had received prior chemotherapy ( @entity11 / @entity9 -9; @entity7 / @entity9 -3; single agent @entity9 -2), seven prior radiation therapy, and three prior hormonal therapy. No @entity0 had previously received @entity6 . Two @entity0 (11%) developed grade 1 @entity12 following treatment with pegylated liposomal @entity6 . There were no episodes of @entity2 (>10% reduction in baseline ejection fraction). Three @entity0 required hospitalization for @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity10 . Only 2 (11%) @entity0 required dose reduction. Four of 19 @entity0 (21%; 95% CI: 3-39%) evaluable for response exhibited objective and subjective evidence of an antineoplastic effect of therapy (duration of responses: 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 6+ months). CONCLUSION: The pegylated liposomal @entity6 regimen employed in this trial exhibited an acceptable @entity1 profile ( @entity2 , @entity12 ). Definite, although modest, antineoplastic activity in a @entity0 population with recurrent or advanced @entity8 was documented.

title: Phase 2 trial of pegylated liposomal XXXX in advanced @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity1 of pegylated liposomal @entity6 in @entity0 with advanced @entity8 . METHODS: Pegylated liposomal @entity6 was administered at a dose of 40 mg/m2, and repeated on an every 28-day schedule. RESULTS: A total of 19 @entity0 were enrolled in this phase 2 trial. Fourteen @entity0 had received prior chemotherapy ( @entity11 / @entity9 -9; @entity7 / @entity9 -3; single agent @entity9 -2), seven prior radiation therapy, and three prior hormonal therapy. No @entity0 had previously received @entity6 . Two @entity0 (11%) developed grade 1 @entity12 following treatment with pegylated liposomal @entity6 . There were no episodes of @entity2 (>10% reduction in baseline ejection fraction). Three @entity0 required hospitalization for @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity10 . Only 2 (11%) @entity0 required dose reduction. Four of 19 @entity0 (21%; 95% CI: 3-39%) evaluable for response exhibited objective and subjective evidence of an antineoplastic effect of therapy (duration of responses: 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 6+ months). CONCLUSION: The pegylated liposomal @entity6 regimen employed in this trial exhibited an acceptable @entity1 profile ( @entity2 , @entity12 ). Definite, although modest, antineoplastic activity in a @entity0 population with recurrent or advanced @entity8 was documented.

title: Phase 2 trial of pegylated liposomal @entity6 in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Performance scores predict benefits and @entity3 from chemotherapy. Among older @entity2 @entity0 , however, many investigators have empirically called for a detailed assessment of activities of daily living, claiming that the utility of performance scores is limited in this older population. This study's goals were therefore twofold: (1). to explore the predictive capability of an activities questionnaire and of performance score with respect to chemotherapy's @entity3 and efficacy; (2). to describe the daily activities of older @entity0 as they undergo chemotherapy for incurable metastatic @entity1 . METHODS: As part of a multi-institutional therapeutic trial, this study included 48 @entity0 >or=65 years of age with metastatic @entity4 . All were assigned an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score and completed an activity questionnaire (Voorrips) prior to the initiation of @entity6 and @entity5 . @entity0 were monitored for @entity3 (CTC, version 2) and @entity2 status. RESULTS: Within this cohort, ECOG performance scores were poor at predicting grade 3 or worse toxic events ( P=0.71, Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared). In contrast, the activity questionnaire categories did predict grade 3 or worse @entity3 ( P=0.03) with a positive association observed between greater levels of activity and lower @entity3 rates. Neither instrument predicted 90-day disease progression, although there was a trend that suggested a positive association between favorable scores and lower progression rates ( P=0.051). @entity0 described a broad range of daily activities. CONCLUSION: Activity questionnaires capture a broad range of data that may prove useful in predicting @entity3 among older @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Daily activities: exploring their spectrum and prognostic impact in older, chemotherapy-treated XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Performance scores predict benefits and @entity3 from chemotherapy. Among older @entity2 @entity0 , however, many investigators have empirically called for a detailed assessment of activities of daily living, claiming that the utility of performance scores is limited in this older population. This study's goals were therefore twofold: (1). to explore the predictive capability of an activities questionnaire and of performance score with respect to chemotherapy's @entity3 and efficacy; (2). to describe the daily activities of older @entity0 as they undergo chemotherapy for incurable metastatic @entity1 . METHODS: As part of a multi-institutional therapeutic trial, this study included 48 @entity0 >or=65 years of age with metastatic @entity4 . All were assigned an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score and completed an activity questionnaire (Voorrips) prior to the initiation of @entity6 and @entity5 . @entity0 were monitored for @entity3 (CTC, version 2) and @entity2 status. RESULTS: Within this cohort, ECOG performance scores were poor at predicting grade 3 or worse toxic events ( P=0.71, Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared). In contrast, the activity questionnaire categories did predict grade 3 or worse @entity3 ( P=0.03) with a positive association observed between greater levels of activity and lower @entity3 rates. Neither instrument predicted 90-day disease progression, although there was a trend that suggested a positive association between favorable scores and lower progression rates ( P=0.051). @entity0 described a broad range of daily activities. CONCLUSION: Activity questionnaires capture a broad range of data that may prove useful in predicting @entity3 among older @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Daily activities: exploring their spectrum and prognostic impact in older, chemotherapy-treated @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0