abstract: Two common chronic @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 )-result from complex pathological mechanisms where genetic susceptibility, environmental exposure, alterations in intestinal permeability and immune responses play central roles. In this study, we investigated whether these characteristics were universal for @entity1 independently of @entity5 association. For this purpose, we studied 36 @entity0 with normal small-bowel mucosa and 26 @entity0 with active @entity1 , including 12 @entity0 with @entity5 . In samples from the small-bowel mucosa, we detected the lowest expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) mRNA in @entity1 @entity0 with @entity5 , indicating an increase in intestinal permeability. Furthermore, these samples displayed the highest expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) mRNA, a marker for regulatory T cells, as compared with other @entity0 groups. At the same time, serum levels of IgA antibodies specific for the @entity1 -related antigens deamidated gliadin and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were the highest in @entity1 @entity0 with @entity5 . In contrast, no significant differences were found in IgA or IgG antibodies specific for @entity2 beta-lactoglobulin or @entity8 @entity8 -derived proteins. There were also no differences in the transamidating activity of serum autoantibodies between @entity0 and control individuals. Our results show that @entity0 with @entity5 and newly detected @entity1 exhibit severely altered intestinal permeability, strong local immune activation and increased immunoregulatory mechanisms in the small bowel. Further study is required to determine whether these extreme changes in this @entity1 subgroup are due to some specific environmental factors ( @entity4 ), unknown genetic effects or autoimmune reactions to antigenic targets in intracellular tight junctions.

title: Celiac disease in @entity0 with XXXX : a condition with distinct changes in intestinal immunity?

answer: @entity5


abstract: Two common chronic @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 )-result from complex pathological mechanisms where genetic susceptibility, environmental exposure, alterations in intestinal permeability and immune responses play central roles. In this study, we investigated whether these characteristics were universal for @entity1 independently of @entity5 association. For this purpose, we studied 36 @entity0 with normal small-bowel mucosa and 26 @entity0 with active @entity1 , including 12 @entity0 with @entity5 . In samples from the small-bowel mucosa, we detected the lowest expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) mRNA in @entity1 @entity0 with @entity5 , indicating an increase in intestinal permeability. Furthermore, these samples displayed the highest expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) mRNA, a marker for regulatory T cells, as compared with other @entity0 groups. At the same time, serum levels of IgA antibodies specific for the @entity1 -related antigens deamidated gliadin and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were the highest in @entity1 @entity0 with @entity5 . In contrast, no significant differences were found in IgA or IgG antibodies specific for @entity2 beta-lactoglobulin or @entity8 @entity8 -derived proteins. There were also no differences in the transamidating activity of serum autoantibodies between @entity0 and control individuals. Our results show that @entity0 with @entity5 and newly detected @entity1 exhibit severely altered intestinal permeability, strong local immune activation and increased immunoregulatory mechanisms in the small bowel. Further study is required to determine whether these extreme changes in this @entity1 subgroup are due to some specific environmental factors ( @entity4 ), unknown genetic effects or autoimmune reactions to antigenic targets in intracellular tight junctions.

title: Celiac disease in XXXX with @entity5 : a condition with distinct changes in intestinal immunity?

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. We aimed to identify certain genes related to response to infliximab (IFX) and biomarkers to predict the IFX effect for Japanese @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 by performing an association study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes in the interleukin- (IL-) 17 signaling pathway with response to IFX after 1 year of treatment. Methods. A total of 103 @entity0 were divided into two groups, responders and nonresponders. Twenty-eight tag SNPs in 5 genes were genotyped. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes of each SNP were compared between responders and nonresponders in three different inheritance models. A genetic test was performed using a combination of the associated SNPs as biomarkers. Results. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the four variable factors, concomitant use of immunomodulators, penetrating disease, a G/G genotype of @entity4 in @entity2 , and a C/C or C/A genotype of @entity5 in @entity3 , independently contributed to response to IFX after 1 year of treatment. Genetic test using the polymorphisms of these genes perfectly predicted the responder and nonresponder @entity1 @entity0 with both concomitant use of immunomodulators and penetrating disease. Conclusion. @entity2 and @entity3 are one of IFX-related genes, useful as biomarkers of IFX response, and may be target molecules for new therapeutic drugs.

title: Genetic Polymorphisms of @entity2 and XXXX Could Be Predictive Factors of the Long-Term Effect of Infliximab against @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. We aimed to identify certain genes related to response to infliximab (IFX) and biomarkers to predict the IFX effect for Japanese @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 by performing an association study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes in the interleukin- (IL-) 17 signaling pathway with response to IFX after 1 year of treatment. Methods. A total of 103 @entity0 were divided into two groups, responders and nonresponders. Twenty-eight tag SNPs in 5 genes were genotyped. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes of each SNP were compared between responders and nonresponders in three different inheritance models. A genetic test was performed using a combination of the associated SNPs as biomarkers. Results. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the four variable factors, concomitant use of immunomodulators, penetrating disease, a G/G genotype of @entity4 in @entity2 , and a C/C or C/A genotype of @entity5 in @entity3 , independently contributed to response to IFX after 1 year of treatment. Genetic test using the polymorphisms of these genes perfectly predicted the responder and nonresponder @entity1 @entity0 with both concomitant use of immunomodulators and penetrating disease. Conclusion. @entity2 and @entity3 are one of IFX-related genes, useful as biomarkers of IFX response, and may be target molecules for new therapeutic drugs.

title: Genetic Polymorphisms of @entity2 and @entity3 Could Be Predictive Factors of the Long-Term Effect of Infliximab against XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. We aimed to identify certain genes related to response to infliximab (IFX) and biomarkers to predict the IFX effect for Japanese @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 by performing an association study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes in the interleukin- (IL-) 17 signaling pathway with response to IFX after 1 year of treatment. Methods. A total of 103 @entity0 were divided into two groups, responders and nonresponders. Twenty-eight tag SNPs in 5 genes were genotyped. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes of each SNP were compared between responders and nonresponders in three different inheritance models. A genetic test was performed using a combination of the associated SNPs as biomarkers. Results. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the four variable factors, concomitant use of immunomodulators, penetrating disease, a G/G genotype of @entity4 in @entity2 , and a C/C or C/A genotype of @entity5 in @entity3 , independently contributed to response to IFX after 1 year of treatment. Genetic test using the polymorphisms of these genes perfectly predicted the responder and nonresponder @entity1 @entity0 with both concomitant use of immunomodulators and penetrating disease. Conclusion. @entity2 and @entity3 are one of IFX-related genes, useful as biomarkers of IFX response, and may be target molecules for new therapeutic drugs.

title: Genetic Polymorphisms of XXXX and @entity3 Could Be Predictive Factors of the Long-Term Effect of Infliximab against @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: To assess the predictive value of ventricular late potentials and programmed ventricular stimulation, 379 @entity0 without a history of sustained @entity5 , @entity7 or @entity3 were studied prospectively. Group I included @entity0 referred for coronary angiography. Group II consisted of @entity0 who survived an episode of @entity1 and who were studied within 6 weeks after onset. During follow-up (mean 13 months), 16 @entity0 died. Six of these @entity0 died suddenly within one hour. The prevalence of @entity4 was lower (0.8%) in group I compared to group II (3.0%). There was no correlation between results of both methods and the subsequent occurrence of @entity4 . Symptomatic sustained @entity5 was documented in 10 @entity0 (2.6%). Only one @entity0 in group I later developed symptomatic sustained @entity5 in contrast to nine cases in group II. Symptomatic sustained @entity5 could be predicted in @entity0 in the early postmyocardial @entity6 period (group II). By using various combinations of parameters, the highest predictive value for subsequent sustained @entity5 was reached by the following combination: Late potentials of 40 ms duration or more, induction of monomorphic sustained @entity5 at rates below 270 beats @entity2 and interval after @entity1 less than 6 weeks. In conclusion, both techniques seemed to be promising for the identification of @entity0 at risk of @entity5 after @entity1 .

title: Ventricular late potentials and inducible @entity5 as a marker for XXXX after @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: To assess the predictive value of ventricular late potentials and programmed ventricular stimulation, 379 @entity0 without a history of sustained @entity5 , @entity7 or @entity3 were studied prospectively. Group I included @entity0 referred for coronary angiography. Group II consisted of @entity0 who survived an episode of @entity1 and who were studied within 6 weeks after onset. During follow-up (mean 13 months), 16 @entity0 died. Six of these @entity0 died suddenly within one hour. The prevalence of @entity4 was lower (0.8%) in group I compared to group II (3.0%). There was no correlation between results of both methods and the subsequent occurrence of @entity4 . Symptomatic sustained @entity5 was documented in 10 @entity0 (2.6%). Only one @entity0 in group I later developed symptomatic sustained @entity5 in contrast to nine cases in group II. Symptomatic sustained @entity5 could be predicted in @entity0 in the early postmyocardial @entity6 period (group II). By using various combinations of parameters, the highest predictive value for subsequent sustained @entity5 was reached by the following combination: Late potentials of 40 ms duration or more, induction of monomorphic sustained @entity5 at rates below 270 beats @entity2 and interval after @entity1 less than 6 weeks. In conclusion, both techniques seemed to be promising for the identification of @entity0 at risk of @entity5 after @entity1 .

title: Ventricular late potentials and inducible XXXX as a marker for @entity5 after @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: To assess the predictive value of ventricular late potentials and programmed ventricular stimulation, 379 @entity0 without a history of sustained @entity5 , @entity7 or @entity3 were studied prospectively. Group I included @entity0 referred for coronary angiography. Group II consisted of @entity0 who survived an episode of @entity1 and who were studied within 6 weeks after onset. During follow-up (mean 13 months), 16 @entity0 died. Six of these @entity0 died suddenly within one hour. The prevalence of @entity4 was lower (0.8%) in group I compared to group II (3.0%). There was no correlation between results of both methods and the subsequent occurrence of @entity4 . Symptomatic sustained @entity5 was documented in 10 @entity0 (2.6%). Only one @entity0 in group I later developed symptomatic sustained @entity5 in contrast to nine cases in group II. Symptomatic sustained @entity5 could be predicted in @entity0 in the early postmyocardial @entity6 period (group II). By using various combinations of parameters, the highest predictive value for subsequent sustained @entity5 was reached by the following combination: Late potentials of 40 ms duration or more, induction of monomorphic sustained @entity5 at rates below 270 beats @entity2 and interval after @entity1 less than 6 weeks. In conclusion, both techniques seemed to be promising for the identification of @entity0 at risk of @entity5 after @entity1 .

title: Ventricular late potentials and inducible @entity5 as a marker for @entity5 after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To develop an in vitro tool for assessing the efficacy and @entity1 of anticancer drugs using mixed culture containing both @entity0 and non- @entity0 cells. Such in vitro tool should have high application potential in drug-screening and personalized @entity0 care. METHODS: Fibroblasts were spiked as non- @entity0 cells into @entity0 cells of an established line. The mixed culture was treated with a test drug at various concentrations. After the treatment, DNA was prepared directly from the survived adhesive cells in the wells of the 96-well plates using a simple and inexpensive method, and subjected to digital PCR for measuring relative copy numbers of a target gene @entity2 to that of a reference gene @entity3 . The @entity2 gene is known to be heterozygously deleted in these @entity0 cells while the @entity3 gene has two @entity0 and non- @entity0 cells. Using the @entity2 / @entity3 ratios resulting from the dual digital PCR assay, the proportions of @entity0 cells were calculated for each drug concentration. RESULTS: Digital PCR confirmed that the @entity0 cells have only one copy of the @entity2 gene while the non- @entity0 fibroblasts have two copies. By contrast, both types of cells have two copies of the reference gene @entity3 . Using the ratio of the two genes, we successfully calculated the proportion of @entity0 cells which decreased as the dose of the test drug increased up to a certain concentration, indicating that the drug is more effective for the @entity0 cells than for the non- @entity0 cells in this dose-range. At the highest dose, we observed a slight increase in the proportion of @entity0 cells, likely reflecting the toxic effect of the @entity0 and non- @entity0 cells. CONCLUSION: This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of a genetic- and cell-based tool for testing efficacy and @entity1 of anticancer drugs in vitro. The promising results suggest that additional efforts are merited, for further development since such a tool will likely have high application potential (1) in drug discovery where it enables simultaneously assessing therapeutic effect on target cells and toxic effect on non-target cells, and (2) in personalized adjuvant chemotherapy where multiple drugs can be tested in primary cultures derived from surgically removed @entity0 .

title: A novel genetic- and cell-based tool for assessing the efficacy and XXXX of anticancer drugs in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in cortical motor neuron excitability after @entity1 , evoked spinal cord potentials (ESCPs) following hemispheric @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were recorded in awake @entity0 with unilateral @entity2 . METHODS: ESCPs following hemispheric @entity3 were recorded in 6 @entity0 with unilateral complete type @entity2 . Studies were performed within 6 months from the time of injury. ESCPs were recorded from posterior epidural space using catheter electrodes. Hemispheric @entity3 was applied on the motor cortex using a figure-of-8 coil. The threshold of ESCPs following hemispheric @entity3 was measured. The number, latency, and amplitude of ESCPs following high stimulus hemispheric @entity3 were measured and compared. RESULTS: No significant change was observed in the threshold of ESCPs following @entity3 contra-lateral to the injured upper limb compared to that following @entity3 contra-lateral to the intact upper limb. Several ESCP components were recorded following high stimulus hemispheric @entity3 . No significant changes were observed in comparison with number, latency and amplitude of ESCPs following high stimulus @entity3 contra-lateral to the injured upper limb and those following @entity3 contra-lateral to the intact upper limb. CONCLUSIONS: From a study of ESCPs following single @entity3 , no evidence was obtained that cortical motor neuron excitability changes in @entity0 with traumatic unilateral @entity2 at relatively early stages. We investigated the changes of cortical motor neuron excitability in @entity0 with @entity2 from the ESCPs following @entity3 . In single @entity3 , our data gave no evidence for cortical excitability changes at relatively early stages.

title: Does cortical motor neuron excitability change in XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: A clinicopathological study was undertaken in 15 cases of massive @entity1 after shock. The GOT and @entity8 level exceeded 1000 units in 10 cases. The 15 cases consisted of 3 diagnosed as @entity5 clinically and 12 diagnosed as @entity7 ( @entity7 ) or multiple systemic organ failure (MOF) from the unremarkableness of @entity3 . It was noteworthy that @entity2 and surgery were closely associated with these lesions. The weight of the liver at autopsy ranged from 800 to 2,700 g. @entity3 was macroscopically characterized by clear demarcation of the @entity0 areas sharply separated from the surrounding @entity3 , showing the appearance of so-called "map-like @entity0 ". Microscopically, the lesions in these subjects showed mainly the pattern of centrilobular @entity0 . As observed in the @entity6 case (case 12), the shock which provoked in different phases of time seemed to have repeated its attack. These liver necroses were considered to result from severe systemic circulatory disturbance or intrahepatic circulatory disturbance. The possibility is indicated that the generalized or univisceral Shwartzman reaction, and repeated and combined severe shock participated in the pathogenesis. Fibrin thrombi aggrevate tissue perfusion and accelerate @entity4 . Heparin therapy seemed effective in these cases if administered at an appropriate time.

title: Fatal XXXX after shock.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Essentials Molecular diagnostics has improved the differentiation of acute @entity9 ( @entity9 ). @entity4 may have features mimicking @entity6 . We identified novel complement mutations and a high incidence of @entity2 , with favorable long term outcomes. Complement mutation analysis in @entity9 where the diagnosis is unclear and @entity5 activity is >10%. SUMMARY: Background Differentiation of acute @entity9 ( @entity9 ) at presentation has historically been dependent on clinical parameters. Confirmation of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is increasingly reliant on demonstrating deficient @entity5 activity. The identification of alternative complement pathway abnormalities in @entity4 ( @entity4 ), along with the proven efficacy of terminal complement inhibitors in treatment, has increased the need for rapid differentiation of @entity6 from @entity4 . Objectives We describe the clinical phenotype and nature of complement mutations in a cohort of @entity4 @entity0 referred as acute @entity9 . @entity0 /methods Fourteen consecutive @entity4 @entity0 were screened for mutations in C3, @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and CFB, as well as @entity7 ( @entity7 ) antibodies. All @entity4 @entity0 had @entity5 activity > 10%. Results Of 14 @entity4 @entity0 , 11 (79%) had platelet counts < 30 * 10(9) /L during the acute phase. Median presenting @entity3 level was 295  mol L(-1) , while five (36%) of 14 presented with a serum @entity3 level < 200  mol L(-1) . Alternative complement pathway mutations were detected in 9 (64%) of 14 @entity0 , including @entity2 mutations in five (36%) of 14 @entity0 . @entity0 were identified with novel mutations in CFB and C3 that have not been previously reported. Conclusions We demonstrate that diagnostic differentiation based on platelet count and renal function is insufficient to predict an underlying complement mutation in some @entity4 cases. Specifically, we demonstrate a high frequency of functionally significant @entity2 mutations which may mimic @entity6 . @entity5 activity > 10% in a @entity0 with a @entity9 should necessitate genetic screening for @entity1 .

title: The role of XXXX activity and complement mutational analysis in differentiating acute @entity9 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Essentials Molecular diagnostics has improved the differentiation of acute @entity9 ( @entity9 ). @entity4 may have features mimicking @entity6 . We identified novel complement mutations and a high incidence of @entity2 , with favorable long term outcomes. Complement mutation analysis in @entity9 where the diagnosis is unclear and @entity5 activity is >10%. SUMMARY: Background Differentiation of acute @entity9 ( @entity9 ) at presentation has historically been dependent on clinical parameters. Confirmation of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is increasingly reliant on demonstrating deficient @entity5 activity. The identification of alternative complement pathway abnormalities in @entity4 ( @entity4 ), along with the proven efficacy of terminal complement inhibitors in treatment, has increased the need for rapid differentiation of @entity6 from @entity4 . Objectives We describe the clinical phenotype and nature of complement mutations in a cohort of @entity4 @entity0 referred as acute @entity9 . @entity0 /methods Fourteen consecutive @entity4 @entity0 were screened for mutations in C3, @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and CFB, as well as @entity7 ( @entity7 ) antibodies. All @entity4 @entity0 had @entity5 activity > 10%. Results Of 14 @entity4 @entity0 , 11 (79%) had platelet counts < 30 * 10(9) /L during the acute phase. Median presenting @entity3 level was 295  mol L(-1) , while five (36%) of 14 presented with a serum @entity3 level < 200  mol L(-1) . Alternative complement pathway mutations were detected in 9 (64%) of 14 @entity0 , including @entity2 mutations in five (36%) of 14 @entity0 . @entity0 were identified with novel mutations in CFB and C3 that have not been previously reported. Conclusions We demonstrate that diagnostic differentiation based on platelet count and renal function is insufficient to predict an underlying complement mutation in some @entity4 cases. Specifically, we demonstrate a high frequency of functionally significant @entity2 mutations which may mimic @entity6 . @entity5 activity > 10% in a @entity0 with a @entity9 should necessitate genetic screening for @entity1 .

title: The role of @entity5 activity and complement mutational analysis in differentiating acute XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity8 therapy is one of the most common causes of the acquired @entity5 and @entity6 . In reviewing clinical data in 24 @entity0 with the @entity8 -associated @entity5 , 20 of whom had @entity6 , we have delineated several heretofore unreported or underemphasized features. (1) This adverse drug reaction occurred either in @entity0 who were being treated for frequent nonsustained @entity2 or for @entity3 or flutter. (2) In @entity0 being treated for @entity3 , @entity6 occurred only after conversion to sinus rhythm. (3) Although most @entity0 developed the syndrome within days of starting @entity8 , four had @entity6 during long-term @entity8 therapy, usually in association with @entity7 . (4) Because of the large experience with this entity at our institution, we have been able to estimate the risk as at least 1.5% per year. (5) Twenty of the 24 @entity0 had at least one major, easily identifiable, associated risk factor including serum @entity4 below 3.5 mEq/L (four); serum @entity4 between 3.5 and 3.9 mEq/L (nine); high-grade @entity1 (four); and marked underlying, (unrecognized) @entity5 (two). Plasma @entity8 concentrations were low, being at or below the lower limit of the therapeutic range in half of @entity0 . The ECG features typically included absence of marked QRS widening, marked @entity5 (by definition), and a stereotypic series of cycle length changes just prior to the onset of @entity6 . @entity6 started after the T wave of a markedly prolonged QT interval that followed a cycle that had been markedly prolonged (usually by a post ectopic pause).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Incidence and clinical features of the XXXX -associated @entity5 : implications for @entity0 care.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity8 therapy is one of the most common causes of the acquired @entity5 and @entity6 . In reviewing clinical data in 24 @entity0 with the @entity8 -associated @entity5 , 20 of whom had @entity6 , we have delineated several heretofore unreported or underemphasized features. (1) This adverse drug reaction occurred either in @entity0 who were being treated for frequent nonsustained @entity2 or for @entity3 or flutter. (2) In @entity0 being treated for @entity3 , @entity6 occurred only after conversion to sinus rhythm. (3) Although most @entity0 developed the syndrome within days of starting @entity8 , four had @entity6 during long-term @entity8 therapy, usually in association with @entity7 . (4) Because of the large experience with this entity at our institution, we have been able to estimate the risk as at least 1.5% per year. (5) Twenty of the 24 @entity0 had at least one major, easily identifiable, associated risk factor including serum @entity4 below 3.5 mEq/L (four); serum @entity4 between 3.5 and 3.9 mEq/L (nine); high-grade @entity1 (four); and marked underlying, (unrecognized) @entity5 (two). Plasma @entity8 concentrations were low, being at or below the lower limit of the therapeutic range in half of @entity0 . The ECG features typically included absence of marked QRS widening, marked @entity5 (by definition), and a stereotypic series of cycle length changes just prior to the onset of @entity6 . @entity6 started after the T wave of a markedly prolonged QT interval that followed a cycle that had been markedly prolonged (usually by a post ectopic pause).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Incidence and clinical features of the @entity8 -associated XXXX : implications for @entity0 care.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity8 therapy is one of the most common causes of the acquired @entity5 and @entity6 . In reviewing clinical data in 24 @entity0 with the @entity8 -associated @entity5 , 20 of whom had @entity6 , we have delineated several heretofore unreported or underemphasized features. (1) This adverse drug reaction occurred either in @entity0 who were being treated for frequent nonsustained @entity2 or for @entity3 or flutter. (2) In @entity0 being treated for @entity3 , @entity6 occurred only after conversion to sinus rhythm. (3) Although most @entity0 developed the syndrome within days of starting @entity8 , four had @entity6 during long-term @entity8 therapy, usually in association with @entity7 . (4) Because of the large experience with this entity at our institution, we have been able to estimate the risk as at least 1.5% per year. (5) Twenty of the 24 @entity0 had at least one major, easily identifiable, associated risk factor including serum @entity4 below 3.5 mEq/L (four); serum @entity4 between 3.5 and 3.9 mEq/L (nine); high-grade @entity1 (four); and marked underlying, (unrecognized) @entity5 (two). Plasma @entity8 concentrations were low, being at or below the lower limit of the therapeutic range in half of @entity0 . The ECG features typically included absence of marked QRS widening, marked @entity5 (by definition), and a stereotypic series of cycle length changes just prior to the onset of @entity6 . @entity6 started after the T wave of a markedly prolonged QT interval that followed a cycle that had been markedly prolonged (usually by a post ectopic pause).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Incidence and clinical features of the @entity8 -associated @entity5 : implications for XXXX care.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The pattern of left ventricular diastolic filling in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity3 ) as assessed by gated blood pool scintigraphy has received little attention. Twenty-one normal @entity0 (group 1), 24 @entity0 with significant @entity3 and ejection fractions of 50% or more (group 2) and 15 @entity0 with significant @entity3 and ejection fractions less than 50% (group 3) were studied. From the time-activity curve, the peak filling rate and mean filling rate (as end-diastolic volumes [EDV]/s) and percent @entity1 volume filled at first third of diastole and at the end of the rapid filling period were determined. Group 2 had a reduced peak filling rate (2.58 +/- 0.65 EDV/s, p less than 0.05) compared with group 1 (3.11 +/- 0.65 EDV/s). Similarly, the percent @entity1 volume filled at the end of the rapid filling period was reduced in group 2. Group 3 @entity0 had a lower peak filling rate and mean filling rate than group 1 @entity0 . However, percent @entity1 volume filled at first third of diastole and percent @entity1 volume filled at the end of the rapid filling period were greater in group 3 than in group 1. Two distinct patterns of diastolic filling were noted in @entity0 with @entity3 . Group 2 @entity0 had reduced peak filling rates with less diastolic filling during the rapid filling period. Although the peak filling rate was reduced in group 3, more complete filling occurred during the rapid filling period.

title: Left ventricular diastolic filling in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 19-yr-old @entity0 ingested 25 g of @entity7 in a suicide attempt. Twenty-one hours after the ingestion the plasma @entity7 level was potentially hepatoxic at 62 micrograms/ml. The toxicology screen was negative for all other drugs. Thirty-six hours after admission the @entity0 developed an acute abdomen with a serum amylase of 1500 IU. Peritoneal lavage revealed a grossly hemorrhagic fluid. Exploratory laparotomy revealed @entity4 . Hepatoxicity with the peak SGOT greater than 2000 IU and a mild @entity1 with the @entity6 of 1.9 mg/dl occurred despite late initiation of treatment with @entity5 . No other etiology for the @entity4 was found. Peritoneal irrigation was continuously performed through a surgically placed dialysis catheter. @entity4 associated with @entity7 @entity8 has been reported twice in the past. Although the pathophysiology of the @entity3 is obscure, the lack of other etiological factors and temporal association of the @entity4 with @entity7 -induced @entity2 suggest a causal relationship.

title: Hemorrhagic pancreatitis associated with XXXX @entity8 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: A 19-yr-old @entity0 ingested 25 g of @entity7 in a suicide attempt. Twenty-one hours after the ingestion the plasma @entity7 level was potentially hepatoxic at 62 micrograms/ml. The toxicology screen was negative for all other drugs. Thirty-six hours after admission the @entity0 developed an acute abdomen with a serum amylase of 1500 IU. Peritoneal lavage revealed a grossly hemorrhagic fluid. Exploratory laparotomy revealed @entity4 . Hepatoxicity with the peak SGOT greater than 2000 IU and a mild @entity1 with the @entity6 of 1.9 mg/dl occurred despite late initiation of treatment with @entity5 . No other etiology for the @entity4 was found. Peritoneal irrigation was continuously performed through a surgically placed dialysis catheter. @entity4 associated with @entity7 @entity8 has been reported twice in the past. Although the pathophysiology of the @entity3 is obscure, the lack of other etiological factors and temporal association of the @entity4 with @entity7 -induced @entity2 suggest a causal relationship.

title: Hemorrhagic pancreatitis associated with @entity7 XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity1 is disease in which the mortality rate is highly variable among populations. An increasing risk with migratory changes suggests that some environmental factor or factors influence @entity1 risk. It is well established that the prostate is hormonally influenced. Carcinogenesis is a process of malignant transformation evolving over time, involving cellular growth and division. There is evidence suggesting that androgenic influences over a period time encourages the process of prostate carcinogenesis. Studies of prostate biology support the concept that @entity4 is the principal @entity2 responsible for both normal and hyperplastic growth of the prostate gland. It may be that @entity2 causes prostate carcinogenesis. Suppression of @entity4 synthesis may inhibit @entity5 . Some preclinical and clinical observations support this hypothesis. A placebo controlled randomized trial using @entity3 , an inhibitor of @entity6 , the enzyme that converts @entity0 to @entity4 , is ongoing. The endpoint of this trial is reduction of @entity1 incidence.

title: Hormonal prevention of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac troponins T ( @entity16 ) and I ( @entity15 ) are proven diagnostic and risk stratification biomarkers in @entity0 with @entity10 . To date, no immunohistochemical studies have been performed which allow visualization of the time course and pattern of myocardial troponin egress from the myocardium during the early evolution of @entity3 in experimental systems. METHODS: We studied archival @entity6 -fixed, @entity9 -embedded myocardium from 50 experimental animals ( @entity4 , @entity13 and @entity1 ) that had undergone permanent @entity12 (n = 34) for 0.5-6 h or occlusion of 0.75-6 h followed by reperfusion (n = 16). Histologic sections that included @entity3 and nonischemic myocardium were studied by immunohistochemistry with three different antibodies to @entity0 @entity15 and one to @entity16 , using a standard avidin- @entity14 -peroxidase system. RESULTS: All antibodies detected @entity16 or @entity15 in normal myocardium and its loss from @entity2 , in some cases as early as 30 min after @entity12 , before histologic evidence of @entity2 was present. Loss was nonuniform, being greater at the periphery of the @entity11 then at their central regions. Usually, loss of @entity16 appeared greater than loss of @entity15 . With reperfusion, findings were similar to those after permanent occlusion, except that there was a greater contrast between loss at the periphery compared to the loss in the central region. Considerable residual staining persisted for hours after occlusion, indicating delayed release over time, concordant with sustained serum elevations in @entity0 with @entity7 . No loss of staining was observed in nonnecrotic myocardium. CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical staining using antibodies to @entity0 @entity16 and @entity15 can be used to visualize cardiac troponins and document their loss in histologic sections of myocardium in different animal species. Loss of @entity16 and @entity15 occurs very early following @entity3 and may precede histologic evidence of @entity2 , but does not occur in myocardium that is not necrotic. Immunohistochemical staining of hearts for @entity16 and @entity15 can assist in the often difficult recognition of @entity5 at autopsy, in @entity0 suspected of dying from acute @entity8 .

title: Myocardial tissue troponins T and I. An immunohistochemical study in experimental models of XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: To test the hypothesis that @entity2 alter insulin action, we evaluated the effects of intravenous conjugated @entity2 (CE) on insulin-stimulated steady-state @entity3 infusion rate (SSGIR) and suppression of plasma @entity4 in postmenopausal @entity0 (mean +/- SD; 56 +/- 4 yr; n = 12) not using hormone replacement. SSGIR and @entity4 were measured during a two-stage (8 and 40 mU. m-2. @entity5 ) hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp on 2 days, with or without a 2.5-mg intravenous CE bolus. Serum @entity1 concentrations were increased approximately 200% on the @entity2 (EST) compared with the control (CON) days. Serum insulin was reduced (P < 0.01) during stage 2 of the clamp for EST (63.3 +/- 12.8 micro U/ml) vs. CON (78.2 +/- 15.8 micro U/ml). Mean SSGIR and plasma @entity4 did not differ between CON and EST days. With adjustment for differences in insulin concentration between conditions, stage 2 @entity3 disposals were significantly higher (8.63 vs. 7.20 mg. kg-1. @entity5 ) and plasma @entity4 concentrations were significantly lower (29.4 vs. 35.0 micro mol/l) for EST vs. CON. Our findings suggest that acute CE administration increases insulin clearance and action in postmenopausal @entity0 .

title: Intravenous XXXX increase insulin clearance and action in postmenopausal @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: To test the hypothesis that @entity2 alter insulin action, we evaluated the effects of intravenous conjugated @entity2 (CE) on insulin-stimulated steady-state @entity3 infusion rate (SSGIR) and suppression of plasma @entity4 in postmenopausal @entity0 (mean +/- SD; 56 +/- 4 yr; n = 12) not using hormone replacement. SSGIR and @entity4 were measured during a two-stage (8 and 40 mU. m-2. @entity5 ) hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp on 2 days, with or without a 2.5-mg intravenous CE bolus. Serum @entity1 concentrations were increased approximately 200% on the @entity2 (EST) compared with the control (CON) days. Serum insulin was reduced (P < 0.01) during stage 2 of the clamp for EST (63.3 +/- 12.8 micro U/ml) vs. CON (78.2 +/- 15.8 micro U/ml). Mean SSGIR and plasma @entity4 did not differ between CON and EST days. With adjustment for differences in insulin concentration between conditions, stage 2 @entity3 disposals were significantly higher (8.63 vs. 7.20 mg. kg-1. @entity5 ) and plasma @entity4 concentrations were significantly lower (29.4 vs. 35.0 micro mol/l) for EST vs. CON. Our findings suggest that acute CE administration increases insulin clearance and action in postmenopausal @entity0 .

title: Intravenous @entity2 increase insulin clearance and action in postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic value of @entity3 ( @entity3 )-D and @entity5 ( @entity5 )-3 in @entity6 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We assessed the levels of immunoreactivity for @entity9 and @entity8 in 71 @entity6 , 14 complex atypical @entity7 , and 16 normal endometria by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity9 was stained in both @entity2 cells and adjacent stromal cells. @entity8 was stained in both @entity2 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Immunoreactivity for @entity9 in @entity2 cells and adjacent stromal cells became significantly stronger as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity4 . Similarly, immunoreactivity for @entity8 in @entity2 cells and adjacent endothelial cells was significantly greater as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity4 . A strong correlation was found between high levels of @entity9 immunoreactivity in @entity4 cells and @entity8 in both @entity4 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Similarly, high levels of @entity9 immunoreactivity in stromal cells were significantly correlated with those of @entity8 in both @entity4 cells and endothelial cells. High levels of @entity9 in @entity4 cells and stromal cells, as well as those of @entity8 in @entity4 cells and endothelial cells, were significantly related to @entity1 and lymph node @entity1 . A strong correlation was found between poor survival and high levels of @entity9 in both @entity4 cells and stromal cells and between poor survival and high levels of @entity8 in @entity4 cells. Moreover, the high levels of @entity9 in stromal cells and @entity8 in @entity4 cells were independent prognostic factors in @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity9 and @entity8 in @entity6 may predict @entity1 and lymph node @entity1 and may prospectively identify @entity0 who are at increased risk for poor outcome. In addition, @entity9 and @entity8 may be promising targets for new therapeutic strategies in @entity6 .

title: Expression of XXXX ( @entity3 )-D and its receptor, @entity5 3, as a prognostic factor in @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic value of @entity3 ( @entity3 )-D and @entity5 ( @entity5 )-3 in @entity6 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We assessed the levels of immunoreactivity for @entity9 and @entity8 in 71 @entity6 , 14 complex atypical @entity7 , and 16 normal endometria by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity9 was stained in both @entity2 cells and adjacent stromal cells. @entity8 was stained in both @entity2 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Immunoreactivity for @entity9 in @entity2 cells and adjacent stromal cells became significantly stronger as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity4 . Similarly, immunoreactivity for @entity8 in @entity2 cells and adjacent endothelial cells was significantly greater as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity4 . A strong correlation was found between high levels of @entity9 immunoreactivity in @entity4 cells and @entity8 in both @entity4 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Similarly, high levels of @entity9 immunoreactivity in stromal cells were significantly correlated with those of @entity8 in both @entity4 cells and endothelial cells. High levels of @entity9 in @entity4 cells and stromal cells, as well as those of @entity8 in @entity4 cells and endothelial cells, were significantly related to @entity1 and lymph node @entity1 . A strong correlation was found between poor survival and high levels of @entity9 in both @entity4 cells and stromal cells and between poor survival and high levels of @entity8 in @entity4 cells. Moreover, the high levels of @entity9 in stromal cells and @entity8 in @entity4 cells were independent prognostic factors in @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity9 and @entity8 in @entity6 may predict @entity1 and lymph node @entity1 and may prospectively identify @entity0 who are at increased risk for poor outcome. In addition, @entity9 and @entity8 may be promising targets for new therapeutic strategies in @entity6 .

title: Expression of @entity3 ( XXXX )-D and its receptor, @entity5 3, as a prognostic factor in @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic value of @entity3 ( @entity3 )-D and @entity5 ( @entity5 )-3 in @entity6 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We assessed the levels of immunoreactivity for @entity9 and @entity8 in 71 @entity6 , 14 complex atypical @entity7 , and 16 normal endometria by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity9 was stained in both @entity2 cells and adjacent stromal cells. @entity8 was stained in both @entity2 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Immunoreactivity for @entity9 in @entity2 cells and adjacent stromal cells became significantly stronger as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity4 . Similarly, immunoreactivity for @entity8 in @entity2 cells and adjacent endothelial cells was significantly greater as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity4 . A strong correlation was found between high levels of @entity9 immunoreactivity in @entity4 cells and @entity8 in both @entity4 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Similarly, high levels of @entity9 immunoreactivity in stromal cells were significantly correlated with those of @entity8 in both @entity4 cells and endothelial cells. High levels of @entity9 in @entity4 cells and stromal cells, as well as those of @entity8 in @entity4 cells and endothelial cells, were significantly related to @entity1 and lymph node @entity1 . A strong correlation was found between poor survival and high levels of @entity9 in both @entity4 cells and stromal cells and between poor survival and high levels of @entity8 in @entity4 cells. Moreover, the high levels of @entity9 in stromal cells and @entity8 in @entity4 cells were independent prognostic factors in @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity9 and @entity8 in @entity6 may predict @entity1 and lymph node @entity1 and may prospectively identify @entity0 who are at increased risk for poor outcome. In addition, @entity9 and @entity8 may be promising targets for new therapeutic strategies in @entity6 .

title: Expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 )-D and its receptor, XXXX 3, as a prognostic factor in @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic value of @entity3 ( @entity3 )-D and @entity5 ( @entity5 )-3 in @entity6 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We assessed the levels of immunoreactivity for @entity9 and @entity8 in 71 @entity6 , 14 complex atypical @entity7 , and 16 normal endometria by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity9 was stained in both @entity2 cells and adjacent stromal cells. @entity8 was stained in both @entity2 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Immunoreactivity for @entity9 in @entity2 cells and adjacent stromal cells became significantly stronger as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity4 . Similarly, immunoreactivity for @entity8 in @entity2 cells and adjacent endothelial cells was significantly greater as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity4 . A strong correlation was found between high levels of @entity9 immunoreactivity in @entity4 cells and @entity8 in both @entity4 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Similarly, high levels of @entity9 immunoreactivity in stromal cells were significantly correlated with those of @entity8 in both @entity4 cells and endothelial cells. High levels of @entity9 in @entity4 cells and stromal cells, as well as those of @entity8 in @entity4 cells and endothelial cells, were significantly related to @entity1 and lymph node @entity1 . A strong correlation was found between poor survival and high levels of @entity9 in both @entity4 cells and stromal cells and between poor survival and high levels of @entity8 in @entity4 cells. Moreover, the high levels of @entity9 in stromal cells and @entity8 in @entity4 cells were independent prognostic factors in @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity9 and @entity8 in @entity6 may predict @entity1 and lymph node @entity1 and may prospectively identify @entity0 who are at increased risk for poor outcome. In addition, @entity9 and @entity8 may be promising targets for new therapeutic strategies in @entity6 .

title: Expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 )-D and its receptor, @entity5 3, as a prognostic factor in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: From 1980 to 1984, 72 @entity0 with @entity3 were treated by anterior acromioplasty before they developed rotator cuff tears. Follow-up evaluations averaged 23 months (range, five to 48 months). The average age was 42 years (range, 23-61 years). Preoperatively, 80% of the @entity0 had @entity1 at rest; the other 20% complained of @entity1 during moderate activity. At the time of follow-up examination, 89% showed significant improvement, while 11% remained unchanged. Thirty-seven percent of the @entity0 had varying degrees of @entity2 preoperatively; of these, 71% were improved, 21% were unchanged, and 8% had a further decrease in the range of motion postoperatively. The results indicate that anterior acromioplasty is an excellent procedure for relief of @entity1 due to impingement. Additionally, beneficial results were obtained in range of motion and muscle strength. In only a few select cases was lateral clavicle excision or tenodesis of the long head of the biceps necessary. Caution is advised in allowing return to strenuous activity unless the @entity0 has recovered adequate strength in the cuff musculature.

title: XXXX . A review of late stage II and early stage III lesions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although acceleration of plasma @entity3 ( @entity3 ) level after emergent coronary angioplasty in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has been documented, its pathophysiologic role is still unknown. HYPOTHESIS: This study was designed to elucidate the role of @entity3 in the development of @entity1 after primary coronary stenting in @entity2 . METHODS: We selected for this study 66 @entity0 with @entity2 , who underwent primary coronary stenting for @entity4 in an emergent situation. In all @entity0 , plasma @entity3 level was measured at admission, and at 3 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 1 month after coronary stenting. RESULTS: At admission, the @entity3 level was equivalent in 24 @entity0 who experienced @entity1 and in 42 @entity0 without @entity1 (28 +/- 4 vs. 29 +/- 4 ng/ml). In @entity0 with @entity1 , the levels did not change during the course after coronary stenting. In @entity0 without @entity1 , however, the level significantly increased at 3 h (48 +/- 9 ng/ml, p < 0.001), 24 h (42 +/- 9, p < 0.01), and 48 h (38 +/- 7, p < 0.05) after coronary stenting, and was restored to the level equivalent to that at admission (27 +/- 2 ng/ml) I month aftercoronary stenting. The @entity3 level at 3 h after coronary stenting in @entity0 without @entity1 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the level (33 +/- 6 ng/ml) in @entity0 with @entity1 . Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the @entity3 level 3 h after coronary stenting was an independent predictor of @entity1 (Wald chi2 = 3.826, p = 0.019, odds ratio 0.921, 95% confidence interval 0.866-0.961). CONCLUSION: Accelerated @entity3 after coronary stenting in @entity0 with @entity2 may protect against the development of late @entity1 .

title: Accelerated plasminogen activator inhibitor may prevent late XXXX after coronary stenting in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although acceleration of plasma @entity3 ( @entity3 ) level after emergent coronary angioplasty in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has been documented, its pathophysiologic role is still unknown. HYPOTHESIS: This study was designed to elucidate the role of @entity3 in the development of @entity1 after primary coronary stenting in @entity2 . METHODS: We selected for this study 66 @entity0 with @entity2 , who underwent primary coronary stenting for @entity4 in an emergent situation. In all @entity0 , plasma @entity3 level was measured at admission, and at 3 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 1 month after coronary stenting. RESULTS: At admission, the @entity3 level was equivalent in 24 @entity0 who experienced @entity1 and in 42 @entity0 without @entity1 (28 +/- 4 vs. 29 +/- 4 ng/ml). In @entity0 with @entity1 , the levels did not change during the course after coronary stenting. In @entity0 without @entity1 , however, the level significantly increased at 3 h (48 +/- 9 ng/ml, p < 0.001), 24 h (42 +/- 9, p < 0.01), and 48 h (38 +/- 7, p < 0.05) after coronary stenting, and was restored to the level equivalent to that at admission (27 +/- 2 ng/ml) I month aftercoronary stenting. The @entity3 level at 3 h after coronary stenting in @entity0 without @entity1 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the level (33 +/- 6 ng/ml) in @entity0 with @entity1 . Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the @entity3 level 3 h after coronary stenting was an independent predictor of @entity1 (Wald chi2 = 3.826, p = 0.019, odds ratio 0.921, 95% confidence interval 0.866-0.961). CONCLUSION: Accelerated @entity3 after coronary stenting in @entity0 with @entity2 may protect against the development of late @entity1 .

title: Accelerated plasminogen activator inhibitor may prevent late @entity1 after coronary stenting in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 is a moderately common syndrome resulting from many causes, many of which are yet to be defined. The syndrome is relatively easy to diagnose in its late congestive stage if @entity6 , @entity3 , and gross @entity10 are absent. However, it should be suspected in @entity0 with undiagnosed @entity11 , in @entity0 whose severe @entity13 has no obvious cause, and in any @entity0 with demonstrable @entity17 or systolic malfunction. It may follow @entity5 , especially viral ones and is found in many @entity12 , especially @entity1 . Repeated episodes of @entity14 due to @entity2 may result in myocardial "stunning" with ultimate dilation and failure. Microvascular @entity16 or occlusion may be etiologically important. @entity7 may be a manifestation of toxins, with @entity15 being the most important. Immune mechanisms may play a major role, either independently or in connection with other factors. Early diagnosis may be made with the help of echocardiography, radionuclide angiography, and even coronary arteriography. Gallium scan may be helpful, and if positive myocardial biopsy is indicated. Therapy includes classic measures for congestive failure if it is present: cardiac glycosides, diuretics, antiarrhythmics, and anticoagulants. There is evidence that vasodilators, @entity8 channel blockers, and beta-adrenergic blockers may be helpful for both general and specific reasons, but these should be used with care. @entity4 and @entity9 may help if there is an inflammatory component. Cardiac replacement remains an ultimate measure.

title: XXXX : current concepts.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity3 is the fifth most common reason for physician visits. Multiple treatment options are available, but not all physicians and @entity0 are satisfied with the results. This study evaluated treatment outcomes from @entity0 ' perspectives using standardized measures. METHODS: 368 @entity0 with @entity3 were enrolled in the study. Only 128 @entity0 (35%) completed all 4 health outcome questionnaires (administered at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year). RESULTS: Most @entity0 reported improved health at 1-year follow-up,, with the most significant gains achieved by 3 months. However, 40% were not satisfied with their outcome. @entity0 with @entity3 scored lower on health outcome measures than @entity0 without radicular symptoms. CONCLUSION: A sizeable percentage of @entity0 with @entity3 progress to chronic @entity1 despite therapeutic intervention. @entity0 with @entity2 may require nonstandard treatment to avoid unfavorable outcomes.

title: Treatment of XXXX in Wisconsin: results of the State Medical Society's Medical Outcomes Research Project.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present our recent experience in the management of @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: We present 21 cases of @entity3 managed at the two Federal-owned tertiary hospitals in two neighbouring states in south-west Nigeria between 2001 and 2011. The diagnosis was based mainly on a clinical evaluation. The treatment was surgical in @entity0 who presented within 2  weeks of the @entity2 . The emphasis during the follow-up was on erectile function and micturition. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity0 presented within 48  h, two presented after a week, while two reported months later with penile deviation. The mean age of the @entity0 was 26.4  years. The cause of @entity2 was sexual intercourse in 11 (52%) @entity0 and forceful manipulation of the erect penis in 10 (48%). Thirteen (62%) of all @entity1 occurred in the last 2  years of the study, of which eight @entity0 were injured during rear entry with the @entity0 on top (reverse coital) position. Six of the @entity0 with reverse @entity1 reported trying the position after watching it on the Internet, specifically on their cellular phones. Eighteen @entity0 had surgical treatment, with a satisfactory outcome. Two of the other three @entity0 had penile deviation during erection. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and causes of @entity3 appear to have changed drastically over the last 2  years in our environment. The rapid demographic changes in south-west Nigeria are probably responsible. There appears to be a relationship between the cause of @entity2 and the use of the Internet, although that might be coincidental. Surgical repair, irrespective of the delay before intervention, usually offers a satisfactory outcome.

title: Increase in XXXX of the penis in south-west Nigeria.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of @entity2 and @entity3 as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones. @entity0 AND METHODS: In all, 112 @entity0 with ureteric stones of    10  mm, located along the ureter, were randomly divided into three groups. In group I, 32 @entity0 received no a-blockers (controls), in group II 40 @entity0 received @entity2 0.4  mg daily, and in group III 40 @entity0 received @entity3 10  mg daily. All @entity0 were given analgesia and antibiotics when indicated. The follow-up was weekly for 4  weeks. RESULTS: The mean stone size and age were comparable in the three groups. The stone expulsion rate was 44%, 85% and 75% in groups I, II and III, respectively. Half of the stones in group II passed within 2  weeks, half in group III passed within 3  weeks, while more than half of the stones in group I did not pass even after 4  weeks. The mean number of @entity1 episodes was 2.45, 1.38 and 1.64 in groups I, II and III, respectively. The drug-related side-effects reported by @entity0 were mild and transient. CONCLUSION: The use of @entity2 or @entity3 as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones in the three sections of the ureter (upper, middle and lower) was safe and effective, as shown by the increased overall stone expulsion rate, reduced stone expulsion time and fewer @entity1 episodes. @entity2 was associated with a greater rate of stone expulsion than was @entity3 .

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity2 vs. XXXX as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of @entity2 and @entity3 as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones. @entity0 AND METHODS: In all, 112 @entity0 with ureteric stones of    10  mm, located along the ureter, were randomly divided into three groups. In group I, 32 @entity0 received no a-blockers (controls), in group II 40 @entity0 received @entity2 0.4  mg daily, and in group III 40 @entity0 received @entity3 10  mg daily. All @entity0 were given analgesia and antibiotics when indicated. The follow-up was weekly for 4  weeks. RESULTS: The mean stone size and age were comparable in the three groups. The stone expulsion rate was 44%, 85% and 75% in groups I, II and III, respectively. Half of the stones in group II passed within 2  weeks, half in group III passed within 3  weeks, while more than half of the stones in group I did not pass even after 4  weeks. The mean number of @entity1 episodes was 2.45, 1.38 and 1.64 in groups I, II and III, respectively. The drug-related side-effects reported by @entity0 were mild and transient. CONCLUSION: The use of @entity2 or @entity3 as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones in the three sections of the ureter (upper, middle and lower) was safe and effective, as shown by the increased overall stone expulsion rate, reduced stone expulsion time and fewer @entity1 episodes. @entity2 was associated with a greater rate of stone expulsion than was @entity3 .

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX vs. @entity3 as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether @entity2 is effective as an adjunctive medical therapy to increase the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for treating ureteric stones, and minimises the use of analgesic drugs after the procedure. @entity0 AND METHODS: To treat single ureteric stones of 5-15  mm in diameter, 130 @entity0 were treated with ESWL. After treatment, equal numbers of @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive either the standard medical therapy alone (controls) or combined with 0.4  mg @entity2 daily for    12  weeks. All @entity0 were followed up for 3  months or until an alternative treatment was offered. RESULTS: At 3  months the treatment was considered to be clinically successful in 55/65 (85%) of those receiving @entity2 and in 58/65 (89%) of the controls (P  =  0.34). When @entity0 were classified according to stone size the success rate was similar in both groups (P  =  0.22) for those with a stone of >10  mm. However, ureteric colic was reported in 12% of @entity0 treated with standard therapy but in only 5% of those treated with @entity2 (P  =  0.006). The mean cumulative @entity1 dose was 380  mg/ @entity0 in the @entity2 group and 750  mg/ @entity0 in the control group (P  =  0.004). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the effectiveness of @entity2 as an adjunctive medical therapy after ESWL for ureteric stones, but it did not improve stone clearance when treating ureteric stones. However, it decreased the use of analgesics and reduced the complication rate, especially for steinstrasse.

title: The efficacy of XXXX therapy after extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy for ureteric calculi: A prospective randomised, controlled study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The stomach is a common site of extranodal @entity2 . Here we examined the clinicopathological features of 317 @entity4 and characterized the differences among low-grade mucosa-associated @entity3 (LG), high-grade @entity3 (HG), @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and diffuse large @entity4 (DL). Cases included 126 DL, 71 HG, 98 LG, 10 @entity2 , three @entity5 and nine of undefined type. The age range of @entity0 was as follows: LG, 14-96 years (mean, 61.1); HG, 20-87 years (mean, 63.9); DL, 16-88 years (mean, 62.8); and @entity2 , 54-76 years (mean, 65.5). There were no differences in age with respect to @entity1 type. There were more @entity0 @entity0 with LG (female:male, 55:43), while males predominated among DL @entity0 (54:72). The sexes were represented almost equally in HG cases (34:37). Histological findings, especially in @entity1 , correlated significantly to the gross appearance of mass formation. Dutcher bodies were encountered mainly in HG or LG cases. Our results showed no differences in age, sex or site of disease between LG, HG and @entity1 . However, the grade of @entity1 correlated strongly to gross appearance. Dutcher bodies were important for the diagnosis of @entity6 .

title: Clinicopathological features of XXXX : a series of 317 cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: To study the long-term prognosis of @entity1 , we performed annual follow-up examinations on 306 @entity0 who had survived cerebrovascular accidents. All @entity0 had been admitted to the Neurology Service, First Teaching Hospital, Beijing Medical College from January 1, 1976, to December 31, 1978, and were followed up for 1 to 4 years. The series included 217 cases of @entity4 , 54 of @entity2 , and 35 of @entity3 . The life-table method was used to determine the cumulative survival rate (CSR), cumulative marked improvement rate (CMIR), and cumulative recurrence rate (CRR), for each of these three types of @entity1 . The main results were the following: 1. The prognosis was not significantly influenced by sex, BP level on admission, or type of cerebrovascular accident. 2. Age was an important prognostic factor. The survival rate decreased significantly in each successive age group. However, age was not a risk factor for recurrence or poor improvement. 3. The cumulative survival rate, cumulative marked improvement rate, and cumulative recurrence rate did not differ significantly among @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity3 .

title: A 1-4 year follow-up study of 306 cases of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The participation of NK-cells in the regulation of an inflammatory process in different variants of @entity3 isn't studied enough, that was the basis for conducting of this investigation. The aim of the work is to determine the character of changes of relative and absolute quantity of NK-cells in the @entity0 ' peripheral blood in @entity5 (ABA) and @entity1 -induced (AIA) @entity3 with regard for the level Ig E in the serum of the blood. The investigations were carried out with 140 @entity0 with @entity3 at the age of 28-57 years old (80 @entity0 and 60 @entity0 ). Among the examined @entity0 70 of them were with diagnosis AIA. Seventy examined @entity0 had ABA. The control group was formed of 50 healthy volunteers at the age of 22-42 years old (30 @entity0 and 20 @entity0 ) who had no manifestations of @entity2 . The phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes of peripheral blood was performed by the method of flow cytometry with the use of the equipment and reagents of the Becton Dickinson. The allergen-specific IgE were determined using MAST CLA method. The analysis of frequency incidence of @entity4 among the examined @entity0 with @entity3 with special reference to the level of IgE showed that the lowering of the quantity of NK cells was observed in 72.9% cases of ABA and only in 9.1% cases of AIA in the @entity0 with high level IgE. Most often (in 87.9% cases) @entity4 in AIA was pronounced among the @entity0 with normal level of IgE. So, the results of the conducted investigation point to the different character of changes in the system of NK cells in @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity1 -induced @entity3 and also to the interrelation between the level of IgE and the content of NK cells in peripheral blood of the examined @entity0 .

title: NK Cells and IgE Level in Peripheral Blood in XXXX -Induced and Allergic @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The participation of NK-cells in the regulation of an inflammatory process in different variants of @entity3 isn't studied enough, that was the basis for conducting of this investigation. The aim of the work is to determine the character of changes of relative and absolute quantity of NK-cells in the @entity0 ' peripheral blood in @entity5 (ABA) and @entity1 -induced (AIA) @entity3 with regard for the level Ig E in the serum of the blood. The investigations were carried out with 140 @entity0 with @entity3 at the age of 28-57 years old (80 @entity0 and 60 @entity0 ). Among the examined @entity0 70 of them were with diagnosis AIA. Seventy examined @entity0 had ABA. The control group was formed of 50 healthy volunteers at the age of 22-42 years old (30 @entity0 and 20 @entity0 ) who had no manifestations of @entity2 . The phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes of peripheral blood was performed by the method of flow cytometry with the use of the equipment and reagents of the Becton Dickinson. The allergen-specific IgE were determined using MAST CLA method. The analysis of frequency incidence of @entity4 among the examined @entity0 with @entity3 with special reference to the level of IgE showed that the lowering of the quantity of NK cells was observed in 72.9% cases of ABA and only in 9.1% cases of AIA in the @entity0 with high level IgE. Most often (in 87.9% cases) @entity4 in AIA was pronounced among the @entity0 with normal level of IgE. So, the results of the conducted investigation point to the different character of changes in the system of NK cells in @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity1 -induced @entity3 and also to the interrelation between the level of IgE and the content of NK cells in peripheral blood of the examined @entity0 .

title: NK Cells and IgE Level in Peripheral Blood in @entity1 -Induced and Allergic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 phosphorylase (dThdPase) is an enzyme that is involved in @entity7 metabolism and DNA synthesis and converts @entity6 ( @entity3 ) to @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between dThdPase expression and biological @entity1 , prognosis, and sensitivity to postoperative chemotherapy, using immunohistochemical staining. We studied 148 @entity0 with @entity2 who underwent surgery at Department of Surgery II in Oita Medical University between 1990 and 1999. Immunohistochemical expression of dThdPase was correlated to clinicopathological factors and postoperative survival. Tumor tissue was dThdPase-positive in 112 @entity0 . The results suggested a relationship between the degree of histological differentiation and dThdPase expression (p=0.0697). Examination of dThdPase expression based on the site of the @entity1 revealed that the groups with upper or lower @entity2 included a significantly greater number of dThdPase-positive @entity0 (p=0.0011). Analysis of the @entity0 as a whole showed no significant difference between the survival. In the chemotherapy group, the dThdPase-positive @entity0 tended to have a more favorable prognosis than the dThdPase-negative @entity0 (p=0.0578). The results suggest that postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy that makes use of FU metabolic pathways may improve prognosis in @entity0 with dThdPase-positive @entity2 .

title: Clinical impact of @entity4 phosphorylase expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 phosphorylase (dThdPase) is an enzyme that is involved in @entity7 metabolism and DNA synthesis and converts @entity6 ( @entity3 ) to @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between dThdPase expression and biological @entity1 , prognosis, and sensitivity to postoperative chemotherapy, using immunohistochemical staining. We studied 148 @entity0 with @entity2 who underwent surgery at Department of Surgery II in Oita Medical University between 1990 and 1999. Immunohistochemical expression of dThdPase was correlated to clinicopathological factors and postoperative survival. Tumor tissue was dThdPase-positive in 112 @entity0 . The results suggested a relationship between the degree of histological differentiation and dThdPase expression (p=0.0697). Examination of dThdPase expression based on the site of the @entity1 revealed that the groups with upper or lower @entity2 included a significantly greater number of dThdPase-positive @entity0 (p=0.0011). Analysis of the @entity0 as a whole showed no significant difference between the survival. In the chemotherapy group, the dThdPase-positive @entity0 tended to have a more favorable prognosis than the dThdPase-negative @entity0 (p=0.0578). The results suggest that postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy that makes use of FU metabolic pathways may improve prognosis in @entity0 with dThdPase-positive @entity2 .

title: Clinical impact of XXXX phosphorylase expression in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Technetium-99m tetrofosmin (TF) is a myocardial perfusion agent that has recently proved useful also as @entity1 -seeking tracer. The aim of this study was to make a preliminary assessment of TF scintigraphy in @entity3 , with regard to @entity1 detection and monitoring of response to preoperative chemotherapy (PC). Current clinical investigations have demonstrated that the curability of @entity3 mainly depends on the response to PC, and the percentage of @entity1 @entity2 is the most powerful prognostic factor. However, this is difficult to assess radiologically, and it can only been obtained by histologic examination after surgery. Fourteen @entity0 (7 males, age range: 1-17 years) with recently discovered @entity3 were injected with TF ( approximately 7.4 MBq/kg i.v., never in the affected limb): a dynamic acquisition (20 min) was performed immediately post-injection, followed by static planar views of the involved area. Six @entity0 were studied twice: before and after PC. Images were evaluated visually and quantitatively using regions of interest over lesion (L) and controlateral normal tissue (N). All initial TF scans demonstrated very rapid tumoral uptake (1-2 min post-injection); the mean L/N ratio at 20 min was 2.76+/-1.05. The post-PC scans showed reduced uptake in 4 @entity0 , unchanged in one and increased accumulation in one case, with a strong correlation between the percentage change in L/N and the percentage of @entity1 @entity2 . Our preliminary data indicate that TF is able to detect @entity3 ; further studies including larger population is need to confirm its usefulness in non-invasively predicting response to PC.

title: Technetium-99m tetrofosmin scintigraphy in pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Multidetector computed tomography can be used to evaluate the anatomy of pulmonary veins (PVs) in @entity0 with AF. The study evaluated two groups. Group 1 included 61 @entity0 assessed following @entity2 ablation with ultrasound of RF energy. Group 2 included 15 @entity0 undergoing ablation for AF and 14 control subjects without a history of AF matched for age and sex. The anatomy of the PVs was analyzed in this group prior to the ablation and compared to controls. Computed tomography was used to measure the ostium of the left superior, left inferior, right superior, right inferior PVs, and the left atrial appendage size. In group 1, @entity2 was seen in 14 (30%) of 46 @entity0 undergoing ablation with RF energy and in none of the 15 @entity0 receiving ablation with ultrasound energy. In group 2, the ostium size was not different between @entity0 with AF and controls. Similarly, the ostium of the @entity2 that appeared to trigger AF was not larger than the ostium of the remaining veins. A "clustering pattern" of @entity2 branches near the right inferior @entity2 ostium was seen in almost every @entity0 , independent of the presence of the @entity1 . Computed tomography frequently detects @entity2 following RF ablation. Ultrasound ablation does not appear to result in @entity2 narrowing. Overall, @entity0 with AF do not have larger sizes of @entity2 ostia. Multiple ramifications from the right inferior @entity2 ostium is a common pattern and may represent a protective anatomic variant.

title: Three-dimensional reconstruction of pulmonary veins in XXXX with atrial fibrillation and controls: morphological characteristics of different veins.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Activity of 64 single neurons in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was recorded for 1-8 days in freely behaving @entity1 . The activity of 26 (40.6%) neurons varied with circadian rhythm and in relation to feeding. Activity of 23 of these neurons decreased during consumption of each pellet, and that of one increased. The activity of two other neurons increased intermittently, at night, prior to and during eating and drinking episodes. All changed activity with sleep-wake changes; increasing in the dark or upon arousal, and decreasing in the light or during slow wave sleep, but the activity was independent of individual movement, except feeding. The activity of 29 (45.3%) neurons varied only diurnally. Of these, 26 neurons also had sleep-wake responses and activity changes that corresponded to behavior. The firing rate of the other 3 neurons was independent of @entity0 or individual feeding activity, but gradually increased in the dark to a maximum in the early morning, then subsided rapidly in 1-2 h. Four (6.3%) neurons were related only to feeding and not to diurnal rhythm, and 5 (7.8%) neurons were not related to either. Of the 5 neurons that were unrelated to either diurnal rhythm or feeding acts, 3 increased activity at light on and decreased it at light off for 4-13 min. These data suggest @entity2 neuronal involvement in control of short term feeding or individual feeding episodes, and long term feeding or circadian feeding rhythm.

title: Feeding and diurnal related activity of lateral hypothalamic neurons in freely behaving XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The responsiveness of @entity4 to treatment with @entity3 has been recognized for over 40 years, but whether the effect is mediated by diminished @entity2 growth or reduction in metastatic spread is not known. To answer this question the authors reviewed the clinical and pathologic features of 89 @entity0 with @entity4 after autopsy. Sixty-three percent of the @entity0 studied were black. @entity0 treated with @entity3 survived somewhat longer (0.05 less than P less than 0.10), but they had significantly greater numbers of metastatic sites (P less than 0.001) and greater overall @entity2 burden (P less than 0.001), with significantly increased frequencies of @entity1 to the liver, adrenal gland, bone, lymph nodes, large bowel, lungs, serosal surfaces, ureters, and central nervous system (CNS) (all P less than 0.05 or lower) compared with @entity0 who had not been treated with @entity3 . However, @entity0 not treated with @entity3 more frequently died from other causes (P less than 0.001). When the @entity0 who died from other causes were excluded from the data analysis, there were no significant differences in the number of metastatic sites between @entity0 who received @entity3 therapy and those who did not, and the only remaining significant difference in the distribution of @entity1 was that @entity0 who received @entity3 treatment had more frequent @entity1 to the adrenal cortex and CNS (P less than 0.05). These observations were corroborated by cluster analysis of the metastatic patterns. Cluster analysis also identified a subset of predominantly (67%) black @entity0 who developed distant @entity1 without much local spread of @entity2 . This suggests that @entity2 behavior in this group was less predictable than for the other @entity0 in whom disease appeared to progress from Stage A to Stage D as expected. The authors conclude that @entity3 therapy may prolong survival by slowing the rate of @entity2 growth rather than by inhibiting the metastatic progression of @entity4 or destroying selective populations of @entity2 cells.

title: XXXX . Cluster analysis of patterns with respect to @entity3 treatment.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The responsiveness of @entity4 to treatment with @entity3 has been recognized for over 40 years, but whether the effect is mediated by diminished @entity2 growth or reduction in metastatic spread is not known. To answer this question the authors reviewed the clinical and pathologic features of 89 @entity0 with @entity4 after autopsy. Sixty-three percent of the @entity0 studied were black. @entity0 treated with @entity3 survived somewhat longer (0.05 less than P less than 0.10), but they had significantly greater numbers of metastatic sites (P less than 0.001) and greater overall @entity2 burden (P less than 0.001), with significantly increased frequencies of @entity1 to the liver, adrenal gland, bone, lymph nodes, large bowel, lungs, serosal surfaces, ureters, and central nervous system (CNS) (all P less than 0.05 or lower) compared with @entity0 who had not been treated with @entity3 . However, @entity0 not treated with @entity3 more frequently died from other causes (P less than 0.001). When the @entity0 who died from other causes were excluded from the data analysis, there were no significant differences in the number of metastatic sites between @entity0 who received @entity3 therapy and those who did not, and the only remaining significant difference in the distribution of @entity1 was that @entity0 who received @entity3 treatment had more frequent @entity1 to the adrenal cortex and CNS (P less than 0.05). These observations were corroborated by cluster analysis of the metastatic patterns. Cluster analysis also identified a subset of predominantly (67%) black @entity0 who developed distant @entity1 without much local spread of @entity2 . This suggests that @entity2 behavior in this group was less predictable than for the other @entity0 in whom disease appeared to progress from Stage A to Stage D as expected. The authors conclude that @entity3 therapy may prolong survival by slowing the rate of @entity2 growth rather than by inhibiting the metastatic progression of @entity4 or destroying selective populations of @entity2 cells.

title: @entity4 . Cluster analysis of patterns with respect to XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In 103 @entity0 who recovered from an @entity3 ( @entity3 ) we evaluated the usefulness of predischarge clinical, routine laboratory and M-mode echocardiographic (echo) criteria in predicting @entity2 during a period of 12-41 months (25.0 +/- 10.7 months) follow-up. The echo parameters evaluated were: left ventricular diastolic diameter, left ventricular percent fractional shortening and the mitral valve E point septal separation. The combination of these three echo criteria was defined as an echo-index, which was considered abnormal if at least two of the three single parameters were pathological. @entity5 occurred in 35 (34%) @entity0 , with significantly higher prevalence among those older than 65 years, with previous @entity3 and with predischarge findings of @entity5 . However, the sensitivity of these clinical parameters was unsatisfactory (34-69%). The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the echo-index for @entity5 were 89, 88 and 80%, respectively. @entity4 prior to hospital discharge was the only criteria predicting high risk of reinfarction (p = 0.001). The risk of @entity1 was related to age older than 65 years (p = 0.03) and an abnormal echo-index (p = 0.01). The overall mortality rate was 13%, but only 6% among those with normal and 26% among those with pathologic echo-index. In conclusion, in @entity0 who recovered from an @entity3 , a simple and easily measured echo-index was superior to most clinical and routine laboratory criteria in predicting @entity5 and @entity1 .

title: Usefulness of predischarge echocardiographic criteria in predicting complications following XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Incubation of @entity1 embryos with 200 nmoles/egg of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) completely inhibits cell proliferation in the embryo. At an age older than embryonic day 4 (E4) more than 90% of the embryos survive this treatment. The drug induces various @entity0 ; in particular the retina is heavily affected. This simple method offers the possibility to study the effect of a more or less decreased cell production on processes of further differentiation and histogenesis of retinal tissue. The following results are obtained: In spite of the inhibition of cell proliferation in the retina by AraC an abnormally thick basal lamina is found and the expansion of the eye still proceeds, indicating that eye growth is not only dependent on retinal cell numbers. Stereotyped @entity0 of retinal histogenesis are induced and categorized into three groups: in addition to areas of normal structure cells are found arranged in rosettes and in half-rosettes sometimes linked by areas of undefined transient cell arrangements. The results point to a strong tendency of a severely diminished cell population to form regularly laminated retinal-like structures as long as a minimal ratio of cell types is given. The spatio-temporal appearance of the type of retinal @entity0 in a given retinal area is dependent on the time of AraC exposure and thus on the degree of differentiation reached at a "spatio-temporal spot": Full rosettes develop at earlier, and half-rosettes at later stages of AraC interference. Furthermore, deformities first appear on temporal and ventral sides. Thus, the establishment of these @entity0 follows and reflects the normal sequence of differentiation within the retina. Cells within rosettes organize in specific layers and start to differentiate normally. This shows that earlier formed cells are not dependent on the influence of factors derived from cells that are formed later for their proper differentiation.

title: Inhibition of cell proliferation by cytosine-arabinoside and its interference with spatial and temporal differentiation patterns in the XXXX retina.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activators on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) expression in @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells and elucidate a possible mechanism. METHODS: @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were obtained from normal fetus, and cultured conventionally. Then the HUVEC were exposed to @entity1 and @entity9 in varying concentrations with fresh media. RT-PCR and ELISA were used to determine the expression of @entity6 and @entity2 in HUVECs. Transient co-transfection of @entity2 promoter and @entity6 gene or @entity7 gene to ECV304 was performed. RESULTS: @entity6 , @entity10 and @entity7 mRNA in HUVECs were detected by RT-PCR. Treatment of HUVECs with @entity6 and @entity7 activators- @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity9 , but not with @entity3 could augment PAI-I mRNA expression and protein secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. Proportional induction of @entity2 promoter activity was observed through increasing amounts of @entity6 DNA in HUVECs through a transient gene transfection assay, although the mRNA expression of the 3 subtypes of @entity6 with their activators were not changed compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: HUVECs express PPARs. PPARs activators may increase @entity2 expression in endothelial cells (EC). Although PPARs expression was not enhanced after being stimulated by their activators in EC, the functionally active @entity6 is probably involved in regulating @entity2 expression in EC.

title: Activation of XXXX in @entity0 endothelial cells increases plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 expression.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activators on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) expression in @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells and elucidate a possible mechanism. METHODS: @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were obtained from normal fetus, and cultured conventionally. Then the HUVEC were exposed to @entity1 and @entity9 in varying concentrations with fresh media. RT-PCR and ELISA were used to determine the expression of @entity6 and @entity2 in HUVECs. Transient co-transfection of @entity2 promoter and @entity6 gene or @entity7 gene to ECV304 was performed. RESULTS: @entity6 , @entity10 and @entity7 mRNA in HUVECs were detected by RT-PCR. Treatment of HUVECs with @entity6 and @entity7 activators- @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity9 , but not with @entity3 could augment PAI-I mRNA expression and protein secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. Proportional induction of @entity2 promoter activity was observed through increasing amounts of @entity6 DNA in HUVECs through a transient gene transfection assay, although the mRNA expression of the 3 subtypes of @entity6 with their activators were not changed compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: HUVECs express PPARs. PPARs activators may increase @entity2 expression in endothelial cells (EC). Although PPARs expression was not enhanced after being stimulated by their activators in EC, the functionally active @entity6 is probably involved in regulating @entity2 expression in EC.

title: Activation of @entity6 in XXXX endothelial cells increases plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 expression.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Survivors of @entity4 due to @entity3 are at risk for recurrent events. The role of revascularization in secondary prevention for survivors of @entity4 has been addressed in various studies with conflicting results. A total of 142 survivors of @entity4 with @entity2 were evaluated according to a standardized protocol, including 2-dimensional echocardiography, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, coronary angiography, and electrophysiologic testing. Revascularization of scintigraphically documented @entity1 myocardial regions was performed in 44 @entity0 (31%). Final therapy was based on the results of electrophysiologic testing. Four-year survival rates were 100% for revascularized noninducible @entity0 , 84% for revascularized inducible @entity0 , 91% for nonrevascularized noninducible @entity0 , and 72% for nonrevascularized inducible @entity0 . Only 1 @entity0 (<1% of study population) died suddenly. Recurrences were much more frequent in @entity0 without revascularization (38% vs 7%, p <0.001) and the recurrence rate was 0% in the revascularized noninducible @entity0 . Thus, revascularization of ischemically jeopardized myocardium in survivors of @entity4 resulted in excellent survival; moreover, in absence of inducible @entity3 , the recurrence rate was 0%. Systematic evaluation of survivors of @entity4 due to @entity3 allows risk stratification and guidance of subsequent antiarrhythmic therapy.

title: Impact of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting on outcome after nonfatal XXXX outside the hospital.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Diet and exercise form the foundation of a healthy lifestyle. These are especially important for @entity0 living with @entity1 , as they are the most practical non-pharmacological means by which @entity0 may significantly improve their blood @entity4 levels. Exercise @entity5 (both short and long term), lowers blood sugar levels, reduces body fat and improves cardiovascular (CV) function. Because of this, exercise offers enormous benefit to @entity0 with @entity1 . Blood @entity4 levels can significantly drop during and after physical activities, due to the increased utilisation of @entity4 as a fuel during exercise and the up-regulation of @entity4 transport into working muscles. Therefore, @entity0 (especially those with @entity3 1 @entity1 ) must account for the effects of exercise and adjust their medications and nutrition accordingly. Improvements in real-time continuous @entity4 monitoring and optimisation of basal insulin dosing may offer significant benefit to preventing hypoglycaemia in @entity0 with @entity3 1 @entity1 who regularly exercise. Diverse exercise programmes and devices can also assist @entity0 in monitoring their activities as well as motivating them to achieve their exercise goals. For @entity0 with @entity3 1 @entity1 , questions such as how much, how long, how strenuous and what kind of exercise must be addressed in order for healthcare professionals to offer maximum benefit to their @entity0 . Additionally, since @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 often have other significant co-morbidities such as @entity2 and CV disease, care providers must evaluate each @entity0 's risk factors before designing an exercise programme. Several publications in the last year have addressed these issues and may serve as a valuable resource to provide safe and effective recommendations to @entity0 and their healthcare providers. To be included in the Exercise and @entity1 chapter for the 2010 YEARBOOK, we reviewed leading peer-reviewed manuscripts that were published in the period July 2009 to June 2010. PubMed was used in the initial screening of articles.

title: Exercise and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the in vivo effect of @entity2 sublingual versus placebo on cortical and subcortical brain activation during video sexual stimulation. METHODS: Ten @entity0 with @entity1 and six potent controls underwent functional magnetic resonance of the brain during video sexual stimulation after the administration of either @entity2 sublingual 4mg or placebo following a randomized, double blind design. Functional magnetic resonance sessions were performed with a 7-day interval. RESULTS: In potent controls, viewing erotic versus neutral films induced bilateral activations in a network of occipito-parietal and temporal inferior regions, in dorsolateral and premotor frontal cortex, in anterior temporal limbic areas and the thalamus, which were comparable to the @entity0 activations during erotic stimulation in the placebo condition. However, a striking difference was found in @entity0 , who demonstrated a significant and extended activation in the cingulate gyrus, frontal mesial and frontal basal cortex, bilaterally, in comparison with potent controls. These activated neural systems were modulated by @entity2 administration which produced a picture that was similar to the one seen in potent controls. In @entity0 with spychogenic @entity1 @entity2 sublingual caused an increase in the extension of the activated networks, plus additional activation foci in subcortical and deep structures, namely in the nucleus accumbens, hypothalamus and mesencephalon: this activation was greater than that seen with placebo. Interestingly, a down-regulation in the frontal basal and temporal limbic cortex was present as shown by a decrease of functional magnetic resonance imaging signal reflecting a deactivation of these regions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 significantly enhances the activation of cortical and subcortical brain function during video sexual stimulation. @entity0 with @entity1 may have an underlying functional abnormality of the brain acting as a previously unrecognised aetiological factor.

title: Brain activation patterns during video sexual stimulation following the administration of XXXX : results of a placebo-controlled study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Post-operative hyponatraemia can be dangerous and can go unrecognised as the presenting signs and symptoms are often confused with post-operative or post-anaesthesia sequelae. Infusion of dextrose containing fluids in the peri-operative period is a well-documented cause of this electrolyte imbalance. We conducted a retrospective study to identify the incidence of hyponatraemia following surgery for @entity1 . Medical notes and fluid charts of the @entity0 were scrutinised. We detected 32 cases of post-operative hyponatraemia over a period of 1 year. Eleven hundred and thirty-one @entity0 underwent orthopaedic surgery during this period. Calculated incidence of hyponatraemia was 2.8%. In the hyponatraemic group, the mean pre-operative sodium was 134 mmol/l and mean post-operative sodium was 126 mmol/l. There was a statistically significant difference between mean pre-operative and mean post-operative serum @entity3 concentration (P<0.0001, two sample t-test). The mean volume of @entity2 containing fluids received by each @entity0 was 3.26 l. There is a significant risk of hyponatraemia following orthopaedic surgery, especially in the elderly. Orthopaedic units need to be aware of this easily avoidable condition. Fluid infusion regimes should be carefully formulated with exclusion of dextrose containing fluids to prevent the danger of hyponatraemia.

title: Post-operative hyponatraemia in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Guidelines for the management of @entity2 issued by the National @entity1 Network provide a basis for rational treatment decisions. These guidelines represent consensus recommendations by a panel of experts that are evidence based and are designated according to the degree of consensus within the expert panel. The initial stratification point is the @entity0 's life expectancy (>5 or <5 years). If life expectancy is >5 years, the recommended intervention is based on clinical stage, @entity4 level, and Gleason score, as well as the presence of symptoms. These assessments establish the @entity0 's risk of recurrence after therapy. Specific initial therapies are then recommended according to whether the risk category is low, intermediate, high, or very high. The guidelines also describe the appropriate use of observation ("watchful waiting") versus active intervention in certain @entity0 . After definitive therapy, @entity0 should be monitored with @entity4 determinations, digital rectal examination, and bone scans, as outlined in the guidelines. @entity0 who exhibit increasing @entity4 levels after prostatectomy are candidates for salvage therapy with @entity3 ablation, radiotherapy, or observation. If @entity4 levels begin to increase after radiotherapy, surgery may then be an additional option. Systemic salvage therapy generally consists of @entity3 ablation; the benefit of total @entity3 blockade versus initial monotherapy remains controversial. Relapse after initial @entity3 ablation is treated with an antiandrogen, if none had been administered previously. @entity0 refractory to further hormonal manipulations are observed or receive palliative therapy, including chemotherapy. The treatment of @entity2 is complex. Optimal treatment is risk-adapted to the specific characteristics of the @entity1 and the expected longevity and personal preferences of the @entity0 .

title: National @entity1 Network guidelines for the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Guidelines for the management of @entity2 issued by the National @entity1 Network provide a basis for rational treatment decisions. These guidelines represent consensus recommendations by a panel of experts that are evidence based and are designated according to the degree of consensus within the expert panel. The initial stratification point is the @entity0 's life expectancy (>5 or <5 years). If life expectancy is >5 years, the recommended intervention is based on clinical stage, @entity4 level, and Gleason score, as well as the presence of symptoms. These assessments establish the @entity0 's risk of recurrence after therapy. Specific initial therapies are then recommended according to whether the risk category is low, intermediate, high, or very high. The guidelines also describe the appropriate use of observation ("watchful waiting") versus active intervention in certain @entity0 . After definitive therapy, @entity0 should be monitored with @entity4 determinations, digital rectal examination, and bone scans, as outlined in the guidelines. @entity0 who exhibit increasing @entity4 levels after prostatectomy are candidates for salvage therapy with @entity3 ablation, radiotherapy, or observation. If @entity4 levels begin to increase after radiotherapy, surgery may then be an additional option. Systemic salvage therapy generally consists of @entity3 ablation; the benefit of total @entity3 blockade versus initial monotherapy remains controversial. Relapse after initial @entity3 ablation is treated with an antiandrogen, if none had been administered previously. @entity0 refractory to further hormonal manipulations are observed or receive palliative therapy, including chemotherapy. The treatment of @entity2 is complex. Optimal treatment is risk-adapted to the specific characteristics of the @entity1 and the expected longevity and personal preferences of the @entity0 .

title: National XXXX Network guidelines for the management of @entity2 .

answer: @entity1