abstract: In order to determine whether the @entity3 blockers @entity5 and/or @entity6 decrease @entity1 after @entity4 , all out-of-hospital @entity4 (290) occurring during a nine-month period in five participating hospitals were retrospectively studied. Twenty-nine @entity0 met the criteria for inclusion in this study. Each had an unwitnessed, out-of-hospital @entity4 and was comatose (no purposeful response to @entity2 ) 20 minutes after the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Eighteen @entity0 ( @entity3 blocker group) received @entity5 and/or @entity6 at some point after ROSC, while eleven @entity0 received standard ACLS therapy (control group). Age, arrest time, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) time, and cerebral ischemic time were comparable in the two groups. In the @entity3 blocker group, seven of 18 @entity0 regained consciousness, and six of these seven survived. All six survivors appeared neurologically normal upon discharge and at three and six months of follow-up. While no demonstrably adverse effects were seen after the administration of @entity6 , 56% of the @entity0 who received @entity5 had a significant drop in blood pressure. In the control group, three of 11 @entity0 regained consciousness and two of the three left the hospital alive. Both survivors were disabled--one severely and one moderately. Follow-up after three and six months revealed no significant improvement in their disability. Overall, six of 18 @entity0 experienced clinically complete neurological recovery in the @entity3 blocker group, while none of the 11 @entity0 in the control group made a complete neurological recovery (P = 0.06).

title: Neurological recovery after XXXX : clinical feasibility trial of @entity3 blockers.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The circular dichroism properties of phi W-14 DNA containing @entity6 and its acetylated derivative have been examined in a number of aqueous solvents. Native phi W-14 DNA exhibits a B-type CD spectrum whose characteristics do not entirely conform to what would be expected for its GC content (51%). The conformationally sensitive positive band above 260 nm has a rotational strength greater than that normally found in prokaryotic DNAs of comparable GC content, such as @entity0 DNA. The rotational strength of this band in the spectrum of the heat-denatured form of phi W-14 DNA, however, is similar to that of heat denatured @entity0 DNA. Abolition of the positive charge on the @entity4 residues of native phi W-14 DNA by reaction with @entity5 or by acetylation reduces the rotational strength to a level appropriate for its GC content. Increases in the electrolyte content of the solvent have the same effect, although the rotational strength of this band in phi W-14 DNA does not become comparable to that of @entity0 DNA until 6-7 M @entity3 . Titration to pH 10.6 in solvents of modest electrolyte content, however, fails to appreciably affect the CD spectral properties of either native phi W-14 DNA or the derivative in which half of the secondary and all of the primary @entity2 groups have been acetylated. On the basis of these results we have concluded that the enhanced rotational strength of the positive band above 260 nm in the CD spectrum of phi W-14 DNA is due to a conformational difference caused by an ion-pair interaction of the positively charged primary @entity2 groups of @entity4 with the @entity1 backbone. The CD spectral properties, however, reveal that these differences, averaged over the entire basepair population, appear to be relatively small. The average conformation, at least in dilute aqueous solutions, seems to be an unexceptional B variant with conformational properties which would be more appropriate for a DNA of higher CG content.

title: The circular dichroism properties of phi W-14 DNA containing XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Ten @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 after resection of the primary @entity1 were treated with high-dose recombinant leukocyte alpha-2 interferon. For a period of 12 weeks the @entity0 received up to 20 X 10(6) IU/m2 im twice weekly. Follow-up varied from 6 to 11 months after stopping treatment. All ten @entity0 were evaluable for @entity1 response and @entity3 . There was one partial response. Nine @entity0 showed growth of metastatic marker lesions. Only three of these @entity0 qualified as having progressive disease (greater than 25% increase in @entity1 mass). The response rate was 10%, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.3%-44.5%. @entity3 proved considerable and consisted of flu-like symptoms, @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity5 . Fatigue was the single most important dose-limiting factor. There were no drug-related @entity4 . Three @entity0 died 3, 5, and 7 months after stopping treatment. Median survival was 18 months.

title: Phase II trial of high-dose recombinant leukocyte alpha-2 interferon for metastatic XXXX without previous systemic treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: To better characterize the changes in left ventricular ejection fraction after @entity1 , we compared radionuclide ventriculograms obtained acutely and 2 weeks after @entity1 in 40 @entity0 . These @entity0 underwent angiography within a mean of 4 hr and 20 min after the onset of symptoms of @entity3 and either received no therapy (32 @entity0 who were control subjects in a thrombolysis trial) or did not experience reperfusion (eight @entity0 ) despite receiving streptokinase infusions. In all 40 @entity0 , the change in left ventricular ejection fraction over 2 weeks was small (+2.6%). @entity0 were then grouped according to the presence or absence of residual flow on their angiograms. Residual flow was considered to be present in 21 @entity0 , in 12 by virtue of subtotal occlusion of the artery supplying the area of @entity3 and in nine because of well-developed coronary collaterals to the @entity3 . Mean change in ejection fraction for @entity0 with residual flow was +6.9 +/- 2.3% vs -2.2 +/- 1.7% for @entity0 without residual flow (p less than .01). Fourteen of 21 (67%) @entity0 with residual flow had a spontaneous rise in ejection fraction of greater than 5%, as compared with two of 19 (11%) @entity0 without residual flow (p less than .01). Time to peak level of @entity2 kinase (CK) was significantly shorter in the residual flow group (15 vs 23 hr, p less than .01), while the peak level of CK was lower (1550 vs 2220 IU) in these @entity0 . This latter difference did not reach statistical significance (p = .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Arteriographic predictors of spontaneous improvement in left ventricular function after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Using national mortality statistics, we found that @entity0 mortality rates (IMRs) declined among whites and coloureds in the RSA over the period 1970-1983, the decrease in coloured IMR being from 134,8 to 50,7/1 000 and that in white IMR from 21,6 to 12,6/1 000. The decrease in the IMR among coloureds was mainly due to the decline in post-neonatal mortality rates (PNMRs). Since post-neonatal deaths are generally due to @entity4 , @entity1 , @entity6 and measles, the decline in mortality is probably due to a decrease in these causes. The decrease in early neonatal mortality made only a small contribution to the decline in the IMR among coloureds. In the case of whites the decrease in the IMR was largely due to the decline in the early neonatal mortality rate (ENMR); these deaths usually result from low birth weight, the @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity2 . The decline in the PNMR played a minor role. National IMRs for blacks are not reported annually, but IMRs can be calculated for the two census years 1970 and 1980 for blacks in 34 'selected' (urban) magisterial districts, and were 124,4 and 85,9/1 000 respectively. A valid IMR for 'rural' Transkei from a well-conducted epidemiological study was 130/1 000 in 1980. The components of the IMRs for blacks can only be determined for certain urban areas with large black populations such as Soweto (adjacent to Johannesburg), where the IMR fell from 81,4/1 000 in 1970 to 25,5/1 000 in 1983. The decline in the IMR was due to decreases in both the ENMR and the PNMR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Changes in XXXX mortality rates among whites, coloureds and urban blacks in the RSA over the period 1970-1983.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 in Brazil has received little research attention to date. The disease was investigated in Mata dos Palmitos, a district of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais State, among soapstone handicraft workers. The district has some 180 inhabitants, of whom 108 are engaged in handicrafts production, while 15 alternate handicrafts production with work in the soapstone quarries. A clinical and occupational investigation was conducted, along with a respiratory symptoms standardized questionnaire, chest x-ray (ILO standard), and spirometry. Clinical data showed a low prevalence of respiratory complaints. @entity1 was the most frequent symptom. @entity3 was identified in 12 adult workers. Chest x-rays showed evidence of small lung opacities in 5 workers, and in 11 there was suspicion of the same opacities. One worker showed a plaque-shaped @entity0 . Seven workers showed abnormal spirometry. The soapstone dust composition showed breathable asbestos fibers from the @entity6 group ( @entity5 -actinolite). The results suggest talc @entity2 occurrence among soapstone handicraft workers.

title: [ XXXX among soapstone handicraft workers in a rural area of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 is one of the physician's genuine challenges. @entity1 makes the @entity0 suffering and leads to unfavourable somatic effects as well, which may have negative outcome effects. Sufficient perioperative @entity2 depends on well defined organizational conditions. General responsibility, indication, choice and dosage of drugs should be defined in advance to enable a prompt and sufficient reaction in normal cases. Systemic @entity2 is simply to perform and the cornerstone of perioperative @entity2 . Non-opioid analgesics are indicated in minor and limited @entity1 . If necessary, opioids are added. Opioids are very powerful analgesics and-in principle-sufficient to meet all clinical challenges. Special syringe pumps allow a @entity0 controlled @entity2 (PCA) under fixed conditions. Regional anaesthesia via catheter is powerful as well and avoids systemic opioid side effects. In these cases as well, a continuous or @entity0 controlled @entity2 is possible.

title: [Perioperative XXXX therapy in trauma @entity0 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 is one of the physician's genuine challenges. @entity1 makes the @entity0 suffering and leads to unfavourable somatic effects as well, which may have negative outcome effects. Sufficient perioperative @entity2 depends on well defined organizational conditions. General responsibility, indication, choice and dosage of drugs should be defined in advance to enable a prompt and sufficient reaction in normal cases. Systemic @entity2 is simply to perform and the cornerstone of perioperative @entity2 . Non-opioid analgesics are indicated in minor and limited @entity1 . If necessary, opioids are added. Opioids are very powerful analgesics and-in principle-sufficient to meet all clinical challenges. Special syringe pumps allow a @entity0 controlled @entity2 (PCA) under fixed conditions. Regional anaesthesia via catheter is powerful as well and avoids systemic opioid side effects. In these cases as well, a continuous or @entity0 controlled @entity2 is possible.

title: [Perioperative @entity1 therapy in trauma XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Geographic patterns of suicide are associated with area levels of social @entity3 . It is unknown whether this reflects higher levels of severe @entity2 in socially fragmented areas. METHOD: Data on @entity1 inpatient admissions and suicides amongst @entity0 aged 15-64 living in the City of Bristol [1991-1992] were postcode matched to the city's 34 electoral wards. Ecological associations of @entity1 admission (used as a 'proxy' measure of prevalence of severe @entity2 ) and suicide rates with levels of social @entity3 were investigated using negative binomial regression models. RESULTS: Psychiatric hospital admission rates were higher in areas with high levels of socioeconomic deprivation than in areas with high levels of social @entity3 . In contrast, associations with suicide were stronger in relation to social @entity3 than socioeconomic deprivation. Association of suicide with social @entity3 was only moderately attenuated in models controlling for @entity1 admission rate and socio-economic deprivation, RR 1.23 (95 % C. I. 1.09-1.38) per quartile increase in social @entity3 , compared to 1.29 (95% C. I. 1.16-1.44) before adjustment. CONCLUSION: The association between social @entity3 and suicide is not explained by socioeconomic deprivation or the prevalence of severe @entity2 within socially fragmented areas as measured by @entity1 admission rate.

title: Social fragmentation, severe XXXX and suicide.

answer: @entity2


abstract: To ascertain whether changes in the pattern of @entity1 release from the hypothalmus occur during the 4-day @entity0 estrous cycle, the pattern of LH release was characterized on each day of the estrous cycle, and the results were interpreted in light of the changes in pituitary responsiveness to @entity1 previously described by this laboratory to occur during this time. Blood samples were taken from intact, freely moving @entity0 via venous catheters at 6- to 10-min intervals for 3-4 h. LH pulse height and LH interpulse interval were quantified on each day of the cycle, and the transition on the afternoon of proestrus from tonic LH release to the preovulatory LH surge was detailed. The effects on the pattern of LH release during estrus of small doses of @entity1 (0.4 ng) and the continuous infusion of the opioid antagonist @entity2 were also examined. Plasma LH concentrations (NIAMDD @entity0 LH-RP-1) were determined with a highly sensitive LH RIA. LH pulses were identified using the PULSAR algorithim. The LH interpulse intervals of 46 +/- 2 min on diestrous-1 day, 49 +/- 4 min on diestrous day 2, and 60 +/- 8 min on proestrus immediately before the LH surge were not significantly different. There were no changes immediately preceding the preovulatory LH surge on the afternoon of proestrus in either the LH interpulse interval or the LH pulse height. Instead, the transition from tonic LH secretion to the preovulatory LH surge was found to occur abruptly. These data suggest that an abrupt increase in @entity1 secretion during the afternoon of proestrus initiates the dramatic rise in LH concentrations. The pattern of LH secretion during the day of estrus differed significantly from that on the other days of the cycle in that no LH pulses were observed. However, the administration of small pulses of @entity1 elicited physiological elevations in LH release. Furthermore, the continuous infusion of @entity2 to estrous @entity0 immediately stimulated a pulsatile pattern of LH secretion, with a LH interpulse of 56 +/- 4 min. These data indicate that the absence of LH pulses during estrus may result from a deficit in @entity1 release. Similar modifications in @entity1 release during the other days of the cycle were inferred from the observed changes in LH pulse heights. The LH pulse height of 21 +/- 3 ng/ml on diestrous day 2 was significantly less than the LH pulse height of 41 +/- 4 ng/ml on diestrous day 1 or 35 +/- 4 ng/ml on proestrus before the surge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Changes in the pulsatile pattern of luteinizing hormone secretion during the XXXX estrous cycle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To review our experience of treating 13 neonates with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) over the past 23 years. METHODS: The records of all 13 @entity0 were reviewed, noting gender, weight, gestational age, age at admission, associated anomalies, site of perforation, type of operation, and clinical outcome. RESULTS: There were 11 @entity0 and 2 @entity0 , with a mean body weight of 2 375 g, including 4 (45%) preterm @entity0 . The mean age at admission was 3.2 days. Three (23%) @entity0 had associated anomalies. Perforation occurred in the lesser curvature and anterior wall in 3 (23%) @entity0 , at the greater curvature and anterior wall in 2 (15.4%), in @entity1 of anterior wall in 1 (7.7%), at the esophageal junction and posterior wall in 2 (15.4%), at the lesser curvature and posterior wall in 1 (7.7%), at the lesser curvature and esophageal junction in 1 (7.7%), and the site was not specified in 3 (23%). Twelve @entity0 were treated with gastrorrhaphy and drainage, and 1 was treated with gastrorrhaphy alone. Three @entity0 required additional gastrostomy. Mortality was 53.8% (n = 7). Early diagnosis and management before clinical deterioration of the metabolic status improved the prognosis. CONCLUSION: The pattern of presentation and surgical findings should be investigated comparatively in premature and full-term neonates, as the etiology of this condition is likely to differ in these two gestational groups.

title: XXXX : review of 23 years' experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 with @entity4 represent an expensive problem group of the healthcare system characterized by inappropriately high medical costs. This paper describes a controlled inpatient treatment study using a cognitive-behavioral approach. The aim of this treatment program was to improve the @entity0 ' symptomatology and their psychosocial functioning, as well as reducing unnecessary medical costs. We treated 172 @entity0 with @entity4 (DSM-IV) and compared them with 262 @entity0 of a waiting control list. An additional control group consisted of 123 @entity0 with other @entity2 . Direct and indirect illness-related costs for the two-year periods before and after treatment were re-calculated using objective data provided by the health insurance companies. The results show a marked improvement in the areas of bodily complaints, health anxieties, dysfunctional beliefs towards body and health, @entity3 and @entity1 . The medical costs in the post-treatment period decreased by 1,098 @entity5 (-36.7 %) for inpatient and 382 @entity5 (-24.5 %) for outpatient treatments. Indirect costs due to days lost from work were 6,702 @entity5 (-35.3 %) lower than during the two-years before treatment. The treatment costs had amortized after 21.5 months. We identified a subgroup of high-utilizing somatoform @entity0 for which per @entity0 savings of 32,174 @entity5 (-63.9 %) were found. These results confirm that the cognitive-behavioral approach is effective in improving complaints as well as reducing the health-economical @entity4 .

title: [Effects and cost-effectiveness analysis of inpatient treatment for XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Systemic @entity1 is a common cause of @entity2 . However, left ventricular (LV) systolic function remains normal for many years in @entity0 with mild or moderate @entity1 . In this study, high-quality M-mode echocardiograms were recorded in 7 @entity0 with borderline @entity1 , 14 @entity0 with mild @entity1 and 15 normal @entity0 . Measures of systolic and diastolic LV function and the degree of @entity4 were studied with the assistance of a tablet digitizer and dedicated microcomputer. Average blood pressure was 125 +/- 10/77 +/- 7 mm Hg in normal subjects, 146 +/- 18/92 +/- 2 mm Hg in @entity0 with borderline @entity1 and 150 +/- 11/102 +/- 4 in @entity0 with mild @entity1 . Indexes of systolic LV function were similar in all 3 groups. The peak rate of early relaxation of the LV posterior wall was significantly decreased in the group of @entity0 with mild @entity1 (4.7 vs 6.6 @entity5 , p less than 0.01). The mitral valve closure rate was 150 +/- 32 mm/s in normal subjects, 119 +/- 35 mm/s in @entity0 with borderline @entity1 and 106 +/- 26 mm/s (p less than 0.001) in @entity0 with mild @entity1 . Mild @entity4 was present in 6 of 7 @entity0 with borderline and 13 of 14 @entity0 with mild @entity1 . The degree of @entity3 and the level of blood pressure correlated poorly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Echocardiographic assessment by computer-assisted analysis of diastolic left ventricular function and @entity3 in borderline or mild systemic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Systemic @entity1 is a common cause of @entity2 . However, left ventricular (LV) systolic function remains normal for many years in @entity0 with mild or moderate @entity1 . In this study, high-quality M-mode echocardiograms were recorded in 7 @entity0 with borderline @entity1 , 14 @entity0 with mild @entity1 and 15 normal @entity0 . Measures of systolic and diastolic LV function and the degree of @entity4 were studied with the assistance of a tablet digitizer and dedicated microcomputer. Average blood pressure was 125 +/- 10/77 +/- 7 mm Hg in normal subjects, 146 +/- 18/92 +/- 2 mm Hg in @entity0 with borderline @entity1 and 150 +/- 11/102 +/- 4 in @entity0 with mild @entity1 . Indexes of systolic LV function were similar in all 3 groups. The peak rate of early relaxation of the LV posterior wall was significantly decreased in the group of @entity0 with mild @entity1 (4.7 vs 6.6 @entity5 , p less than 0.01). The mitral valve closure rate was 150 +/- 32 mm/s in normal subjects, 119 +/- 35 mm/s in @entity0 with borderline @entity1 and 106 +/- 26 mm/s (p less than 0.001) in @entity0 with mild @entity1 . Mild @entity4 was present in 6 of 7 @entity0 with borderline and 13 of 14 @entity0 with mild @entity1 . The degree of @entity3 and the level of blood pressure correlated poorly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Echocardiographic assessment by computer-assisted analysis of diastolic left ventricular function and XXXX in borderline or mild systemic @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The presence of macrophage and granulocyte progenitor cells in the @entity0 peripheral blood enabled the establishment of colonies from this accessible tissue and obviated the need for bone marrow to achieve this task. We have developed a method of obtaining reproducible growth of macrophage/granulocyte colonies from @entity0 peripheral blood. Colonies of macrophages and granulocytes were obtained by plating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) in @entity5 containing medium in the presence of medium conditioned by nonstimulated PBM (CM). At early stages of colony growth both macrophage and granulocyte colonies were detected while following 20-25 days in culture all colonies tested revealed monocyte-macrophage morphology. To obtain higher numbers of colonies, we tested different cell sources, different CM preparations and the effect of @entity3 hormones on colony development. We found that the mononuclear cells obtained from cord blood (CB) or from some @entity0 with @entity1 yielded much higher numbers of colonies than PBM from normal individuals. Colony development from these two sources did not depend on an external source of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) but was augmented as a result of @entity4 supplementation. CM obtained from CB mononuclear cells as well as supernatants from some @entity0 monoblastic cell lines were similar in their @entity4 activity to CM from normal PBM and made possible the development of macrophage/granulocyte colonies. Higher numbers of colonies were induced by including physiological concentrations of @entity2 in the culture medium, in the absence of external sources of @entity4 . The system described above enabled the analysis of cloned macrophages and their circulating progenitor cells as well as the assay of different preparations of @entity4 .

title: Development of macrophage and granulocyte colonies from XXXX peripheral blood.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The severely mangled extremity presents a challenge in appropriate surgical management. Very few objective data were found about this problem. To clarify the situation, criteria for a "mangled extremity' were defined, a multidisciplined approach employed, and a retrospective graduated grading system developed. Sixty consecutive @entity1 @entity0 with severely injured extremities during the past 3 years were reviewed. Seventeen @entity0 fit the category of Mangled Extremity Syndrome (M.E.S.). Injuries were retrospectively classified using a graduated grading system directed at four major tissue systems of the extremity involved (integument, nerve, artery, and bone). Additional scoring items were included to define the significance of @entity1 sustained outside the extremities. @entity0 who ultimately came to amputation could have been identified preoperatively at initial emergency evaluation utilizing this graduated grading system. Retrospective data suggest that a Mangled Extremity Syndrome Index (M.E.S.I.) of 20 is the dividing line below which functional limb salvage can be expected and above which limb salvage is improbable. Prospective application of this system, as well as an organized multidisciplined approach, could be useful in the identification of functionally retrievable versus probably irretrievable extremities, thus identifying and helping define the indications for amputation. The grading system criteria and results in these 17 @entity0 form the basis of this report.

title: The mangled extremity syndrome (M.E.S.): a severity grading system for multisystem XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Home monitoring for @entity1 @entity0 has been called a stressful situation for family members. A 28-item questionnaire was used to ascertain the impact of home monitoring on the families of @entity0 with infantile @entity1 . Forty of 71 families returned the questionnaire. The majority of respondents felt the stress of home monitoring to be minimal (42.5%) to moderate (37.5%). All respondents favored home monitoring with 80% of parents reporting that the monitor had alerted them to at least one significant @entity1 or @entity2 episode during the first month of use. Half of parents reported more than five significant alarms in the first month of use. Financial hardship on the family was reported to be minimal. A few parents related significant strain on marital and other sibling-parent relationships. Concerns most commonly voiced were mechanical problems (70%), difficulty in locating qualified and willing babysitters (62.5%), and desire for more concrete information from the physician regarding the @entity0 's medical problem (40.0%). These results confirm good acceptance of home monitors by the family and offer direction in dealing with the families' primary concerns.

title: Family acceptance of home XXXX monitors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Specific metabolic features, such as @entity3 reuptake, have been associated with normal functions of mature astrocytes. In this study, we examined whether these characteristics are acquired together with classical phenotypic markers of differentiated astrocytes. Differentiation of E14 @entity0 neurospheres into astrocytes was induced by the addition of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Degree of differentiation was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence for both @entity6 and nestin. Neural stem cells expressed nestin but not @entity6 , while differentiated astrocytes were immunopositive for @entity6 but displayed low levels of nestin expression. A strong increase in the expression of the @entity3 transporter @entity8 and the @entity5 transporter @entity9 accompanied phenotypic changes. In addition, active @entity3 transport appeared in differentiated astrocytes, as well as their capacity to increase aerobic glycolysis in response to @entity3 . @entity2 inhibitory factor ( @entity7 ) and ciliary neurotrophic factor, but not @entity1 , triggered the expression of phenotypic and morphological characteristics of astrocytes. In addition, exposure to @entity7 led to the appearance of metabolic features typically associated with astrocytes. Altogether, our results show that acquisition of some specific metabolic features by astrocytes occurs early in their differentiation process and that @entity7 represents a candidate signal to induce their expression.

title: Early acquisition of typical metabolic features upon differentiation of XXXX neural stem cells into astrocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the management of @entity0 with @entity7 , an understanding of the effects of altered loading conditions on the left ventricle is important in reaching a proper decision concerning the timing of corrective operation. In acquired @entity7 , @entity10 generally maintains left ventricular chamber size and ejection fraction within normal limits, but in late stage disease function can deteriorate as preload reserve is lost and @entity8 progresses. In this setting, even when the ejection fraction is markedly reduced (less than 25%), it can improve to normal after aortic valve replacement, suggesting that afterload mismatch rather than irreversibly depressed myocardial contractility was responsible for @entity9 . Therefore, @entity0 with severe @entity8 and symptoms should not be denied operation because of @entity4 . In chronic severe aortic and @entity6 , operation is generally recommended when symptoms are present, but whether to recommend operation to prevent irreversible @entity3 in @entity0 with few or no symptoms has remained controversial. In @entity5 , left ventricular function generally improves postoperatively, even if it is moderately impaired preoperatively, indicating correction of afterload mismatch. Most such @entity0 can be carefully followed by echocardiography. However, in some @entity0 , severe left @entity2 fails to improve postoperatively. Therefore, when echocardiographic studies in the @entity0 with severe @entity5 show an ejection fraction of less than 40% (fractional shortening less than 25%) plus enlarging left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (approaching 38 mm/m2 body surface area) and end-systolic diameter (approaching 50 mm or 26 mm/m2), confirmation of these findings by cardiac catheterization and consideration of operation are advisable even in @entity0 with minimal symptoms. In chronic @entity6 , maintenance of a normal ejection fraction can mask depressed myocardial contractility. Pre- and postoperative studies in such @entity0 have shown a poor clinical result after mitral valve replacement, associated with a sharp decrease in the ejection fraction after operation. This response appears to reflect unmasking of decreased myocardial contractility by mitral valve replacement, with ejection of the total @entity1 volume into the high impedance of the aorta (afterload mismatch produced by operation).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Afterload mismatch in aortic and XXXX : implications for surgical therapy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: Many endocrine surgeons advocate subtotal adrenalectomy for @entity0 with bilateral @entity2 despite the risk of recurrence. However, as the effectiveness of this procedure for locally recurrent @entity5 is not well known, we investigated two @entity0 who underwent this operation. METHODS: We performed repeat subtotal adrenalectomy for recurrent @entity2 in two @entity0 who had undergone primary subtotal adrenalectomy. RESULTS: @entity0 1 was a 23-year-old @entity0 with @entity7 , in whom about 25% of the right adrenal gland was left in situ. @entity0 2 was a 22-year-old @entity0 with @entity4 , in whom about 25% of both normal adrenal glands was left in situ. No @entity3 replacement was required postoperatively, and adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation revealed sufficient adrenocortical function in both @entity0 . No sign of recurrent @entity5 has been found in 96 months and 11 months of follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSION: Recurrent hereditary benign @entity5 after subtotal adrenalectomy may be treated successfully by repeated subtotal adrenalectomy. However, the risk of recurrence and @entity1 must be weighed carefully against the risk of lifelong @entity3 replacement and potential @entity6 . Thus, repeated subtotal adrenalectomy should be considered for selective @entity0 who want to avoid @entity3 replacement.

title: Repeat adrenocortical-sparing adrenalectomy for recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are different reports in the literature how often @entity2 occurs after laser resection of @entity3 . This retrospective study investigates the frequency of @entity2 after laser surgery of @entity3 . Time and extent of @entity5 have been considered as well as the localization of the primary @entity1 and possible general risk factors. METHODS AND @entity0 : Between 1998 and 2001, microscopic laser surgery was performed in 223 @entity0 with previously untreated @entity6 of the oral cavity, oropharynx, supraglottic and glottic region and the hypopharynx. In case of ultrasonographic or palpable evidence of cervical @entity8 surgery included subsequent neck dissection. The mean age of the @entity0 was 59.2 year. RESULTS: @entity2 occurred in 14 out of 223 @entity0 (6 %). It was 9 % for @entity7 , @entity0 10 % for @entity4 , 5 % for @entity4 and none for glottic and @entity4 . 5 @entity0 were treated conservatively, 4 @entity0 were controlled bei cautery and ligation, 1 @entity0 was treated with ligation of the lingual artery and in 2 cases ligation of the external carotid artery was performed. 1 @entity0 had a fatal @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Laser-surgical resection of @entity3 does not lead to a higher incidence of @entity5 complications compared to ordinary surgery.

title: [ XXXX after laser surgery in head and @entity3 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are different reports in the literature how often @entity2 occurs after laser resection of @entity3 . This retrospective study investigates the frequency of @entity2 after laser surgery of @entity3 . Time and extent of @entity5 have been considered as well as the localization of the primary @entity1 and possible general risk factors. METHODS AND @entity0 : Between 1998 and 2001, microscopic laser surgery was performed in 223 @entity0 with previously untreated @entity6 of the oral cavity, oropharynx, supraglottic and glottic region and the hypopharynx. In case of ultrasonographic or palpable evidence of cervical @entity8 surgery included subsequent neck dissection. The mean age of the @entity0 was 59.2 year. RESULTS: @entity2 occurred in 14 out of 223 @entity0 (6 %). It was 9 % for @entity7 , @entity0 10 % for @entity4 , 5 % for @entity4 and none for glottic and @entity4 . 5 @entity0 were treated conservatively, 4 @entity0 were controlled bei cautery and ligation, 1 @entity0 was treated with ligation of the lingual artery and in 2 cases ligation of the external carotid artery was performed. 1 @entity0 had a fatal @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Laser-surgical resection of @entity3 does not lead to a higher incidence of @entity5 complications compared to ordinary surgery.

title: [ @entity2 after laser surgery in head and XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Hepatic vein flow can be reliably measured because Doppler sampling volumes are easily oriented parallel with the course of the hepatic vein. In this study, the relationship between the Doppler signal in the hepatic vein and the external jugular vein pulse was evaluated, and the contribution of the Doppler echocardiography to the quantitative diagnosis of @entity2 was also assessed. The subjects consisted of five healthy @entity0 , four @entity0 with lone @entity1 , 27 @entity0 who underwent cardiac surgery, and 34 @entity0 with @entity2 . The severity of the regurgitation was judged by right ventriculography and inferior caval angiography. The pattern of the Doppler hepatic vein flow mimicked that of the jugular phlebogram in each @entity0 . The normal hepatic vein flow consisted of two forward flows toward the heart; one in systole; the other, in diastole, and one retrograde flow toward the liver during atrial contraction. In @entity0 with lone @entity1 , a systolic backward flow toward the liver or a decrease in the systolic forward flow was observed, though there was no @entity2 . In @entity0 who had cardiac surgery, a systolic backward flow toward the liver or a decrease in the systolic forward flow was usual. However, a prominent systolic backward flow toward the liver was observed in @entity0 with severe @entity2 , and a decreased systolic forward flow toward the heart was observed in @entity0 with moderate @entity2 in sinus rhythm. We concluded that Doppler measurement of hepatic vein flow does not contribute to the diagnosis of @entity2 in the presence of @entity1 or in postoperative conditions, but that it is useful in identifying severe @entity2 .

title: [ XXXX evaluated by Doppler hepatic vein flow patterns].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Apoptosis is a key mechanism of the organism that regulates embryogenesis and development, maintains homeostasis of the immune system and removes potentially hazardous cells. A dysregulation of apoptosis signaling may thus disturb the balance of cell survival and cell death, leading to the development of several diseases including @entity0 . In order to determine whether @entity1 display an increased frequency of genetic alterations that affect apoptosis signaling, we analyzed the death domains of the death receptor genes @entity3 /Fas/ @entity3 , @entity8 , @entity6 / @entity6 / @entity6 /LARD/ @entity6 , @entity5 / @entity5 / @entity5 /KILLER, @entity10 and the complete coding sequences of the death receptor gene @entity4 / @entity4 and the genes of the adaptors @entity11 and @entity9 / @entity9 . The investigation included 15 @entity1 samples, 3 @entity1 cell lines (SAOS-2, @entity7 and MG63) and peripheral blood from 20 donors as controls. We were able to identify 4 different sequence variations within the @entity4 gene located on exons 3, 4, 5 and 10 (death-domain). No alterations have been detected in the other genes or exons investigated. Except the sequence variant affecting exon 4, the alterations were homozygous in 15% of the @entity0 samples and cell lines, whereas the same alterations found in the control group were heterozygous or even not detectable. Three out of 4 alterations are located in the receptor's extracellular @entity2 rich domain, which contains the ligand binding area and 1 on exon 10 coding for the death-domain. They may thus exert influence on ligand-receptor interactions and subsequent apoptosis induction. Our findings suggest that homozygous genetic alterations within the @entity4 gene may be implicated in the formation of @entity1 .

title: Mutation analysis of the apoptotic "death-receptors" and the adaptors @entity11 and @entity9 / @entity9 in XXXX samples and @entity1 cell lines.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Apoptosis is a key mechanism of the organism that regulates embryogenesis and development, maintains homeostasis of the immune system and removes potentially hazardous cells. A dysregulation of apoptosis signaling may thus disturb the balance of cell survival and cell death, leading to the development of several diseases including @entity0 . In order to determine whether @entity1 display an increased frequency of genetic alterations that affect apoptosis signaling, we analyzed the death domains of the death receptor genes @entity3 /Fas/ @entity3 , @entity8 , @entity6 / @entity6 / @entity6 /LARD/ @entity6 , @entity5 / @entity5 / @entity5 /KILLER, @entity10 and the complete coding sequences of the death receptor gene @entity4 / @entity4 and the genes of the adaptors @entity11 and @entity9 / @entity9 . The investigation included 15 @entity1 samples, 3 @entity1 cell lines (SAOS-2, @entity7 and MG63) and peripheral blood from 20 donors as controls. We were able to identify 4 different sequence variations within the @entity4 gene located on exons 3, 4, 5 and 10 (death-domain). No alterations have been detected in the other genes or exons investigated. Except the sequence variant affecting exon 4, the alterations were homozygous in 15% of the @entity0 samples and cell lines, whereas the same alterations found in the control group were heterozygous or even not detectable. Three out of 4 alterations are located in the receptor's extracellular @entity2 rich domain, which contains the ligand binding area and 1 on exon 10 coding for the death-domain. They may thus exert influence on ligand-receptor interactions and subsequent apoptosis induction. Our findings suggest that homozygous genetic alterations within the @entity4 gene may be implicated in the formation of @entity1 .

title: Mutation analysis of the apoptotic "death-receptors" and the adaptors @entity11 and @entity9 / @entity9 in @entity1 samples and XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Apoptosis is a key mechanism of the organism that regulates embryogenesis and development, maintains homeostasis of the immune system and removes potentially hazardous cells. A dysregulation of apoptosis signaling may thus disturb the balance of cell survival and cell death, leading to the development of several diseases including @entity0 . In order to determine whether @entity1 display an increased frequency of genetic alterations that affect apoptosis signaling, we analyzed the death domains of the death receptor genes @entity3 /Fas/ @entity3 , @entity8 , @entity6 / @entity6 / @entity6 /LARD/ @entity6 , @entity5 / @entity5 / @entity5 /KILLER, @entity10 and the complete coding sequences of the death receptor gene @entity4 / @entity4 and the genes of the adaptors @entity11 and @entity9 / @entity9 . The investigation included 15 @entity1 samples, 3 @entity1 cell lines (SAOS-2, @entity7 and MG63) and peripheral blood from 20 donors as controls. We were able to identify 4 different sequence variations within the @entity4 gene located on exons 3, 4, 5 and 10 (death-domain). No alterations have been detected in the other genes or exons investigated. Except the sequence variant affecting exon 4, the alterations were homozygous in 15% of the @entity0 samples and cell lines, whereas the same alterations found in the control group were heterozygous or even not detectable. Three out of 4 alterations are located in the receptor's extracellular @entity2 rich domain, which contains the ligand binding area and 1 on exon 10 coding for the death-domain. They may thus exert influence on ligand-receptor interactions and subsequent apoptosis induction. Our findings suggest that homozygous genetic alterations within the @entity4 gene may be implicated in the formation of @entity1 .

title: Mutation analysis of the apoptotic "death-receptors" and the adaptors XXXX and @entity9 / @entity9 in @entity1 samples and @entity1 cell lines.

answer: @entity11


abstract: Apoptosis is a key mechanism of the organism that regulates embryogenesis and development, maintains homeostasis of the immune system and removes potentially hazardous cells. A dysregulation of apoptosis signaling may thus disturb the balance of cell survival and cell death, leading to the development of several diseases including @entity0 . In order to determine whether @entity1 display an increased frequency of genetic alterations that affect apoptosis signaling, we analyzed the death domains of the death receptor genes @entity3 /Fas/ @entity3 , @entity8 , @entity6 / @entity6 / @entity6 /LARD/ @entity6 , @entity5 / @entity5 / @entity5 /KILLER, @entity10 and the complete coding sequences of the death receptor gene @entity4 / @entity4 and the genes of the adaptors @entity11 and @entity9 / @entity9 . The investigation included 15 @entity1 samples, 3 @entity1 cell lines (SAOS-2, @entity7 and MG63) and peripheral blood from 20 donors as controls. We were able to identify 4 different sequence variations within the @entity4 gene located on exons 3, 4, 5 and 10 (death-domain). No alterations have been detected in the other genes or exons investigated. Except the sequence variant affecting exon 4, the alterations were homozygous in 15% of the @entity0 samples and cell lines, whereas the same alterations found in the control group were heterozygous or even not detectable. Three out of 4 alterations are located in the receptor's extracellular @entity2 rich domain, which contains the ligand binding area and 1 on exon 10 coding for the death-domain. They may thus exert influence on ligand-receptor interactions and subsequent apoptosis induction. Our findings suggest that homozygous genetic alterations within the @entity4 gene may be implicated in the formation of @entity1 .

title: Mutation analysis of the apoptotic "death-receptors" and the adaptors @entity11 and XXXX / @entity9 in @entity1 samples and @entity1 cell lines.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Apoptosis is a key mechanism of the organism that regulates embryogenesis and development, maintains homeostasis of the immune system and removes potentially hazardous cells. A dysregulation of apoptosis signaling may thus disturb the balance of cell survival and cell death, leading to the development of several diseases including @entity0 . In order to determine whether @entity1 display an increased frequency of genetic alterations that affect apoptosis signaling, we analyzed the death domains of the death receptor genes @entity3 /Fas/ @entity3 , @entity8 , @entity6 / @entity6 / @entity6 /LARD/ @entity6 , @entity5 / @entity5 / @entity5 /KILLER, @entity10 and the complete coding sequences of the death receptor gene @entity4 / @entity4 and the genes of the adaptors @entity11 and @entity9 / @entity9 . The investigation included 15 @entity1 samples, 3 @entity1 cell lines (SAOS-2, @entity7 and MG63) and peripheral blood from 20 donors as controls. We were able to identify 4 different sequence variations within the @entity4 gene located on exons 3, 4, 5 and 10 (death-domain). No alterations have been detected in the other genes or exons investigated. Except the sequence variant affecting exon 4, the alterations were homozygous in 15% of the @entity0 samples and cell lines, whereas the same alterations found in the control group were heterozygous or even not detectable. Three out of 4 alterations are located in the receptor's extracellular @entity2 rich domain, which contains the ligand binding area and 1 on exon 10 coding for the death-domain. They may thus exert influence on ligand-receptor interactions and subsequent apoptosis induction. Our findings suggest that homozygous genetic alterations within the @entity4 gene may be implicated in the formation of @entity1 .

title: Mutation analysis of the apoptotic "death-receptors" and the adaptors @entity11 and @entity9 / XXXX in @entity1 samples and @entity1 cell lines.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Preventive medicine is supposed to be important for reducing bed-ridden ('netakiri', in Japanese) or frail elderly @entity0 . Previous studies showed that only about 30% of the bed-ridden elderly had decreased their ADL levels directly due to diseases, such as @entity1 or @entity2 . One of the other important causes of 'Netakiri' is @entity3 . A few weeks after staying in bed, not only muscle power but also bone mineral density and intellectual interest often decrease in the elderly. Rehabilitation in daily life is expected to prevent @entity3 . House-bound ('tojikomori', in Japanese) is supposed to be another cause of reduction of ADL. There are miscellaneous causes of tojikomori. Aging is one of the most important factors, but cannot be modified. Physical, mental, social or environmental factors are also important. Participation in social activity, improvement of intellectual interest and habitual physical excise, as well as prevention of diseases, is expected to be useful for preventing 'tojikomori' and 'netakiri' in the elderly.

title: [Strategies to reduce bed-ridden or house-bound elderly XXXX in Japan].

answer: @entity0


abstract: RATIONALE: Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) reduce pressure-overload-induced @entity5 , but their effects on right ventricular (RV) adaptation to pressure overload are unknown. OBJECTIVES: Determine the effect of the broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitors @entity8 ( @entity10 ) and @entity6 ( @entity7 ) on RV function and remodeling after pulmonary artery banding (PAB) in @entity1 . METHODS: Chronic progressive RV pressure-overload was induced in @entity1 by PAB. After establishment of adaptive @entity9 4 weeks after surgery, @entity1 were treated for 2 weeks with vehicle, @entity10 , or @entity7 . RV function and remodeling were determined using echocardiography, invasive hemodynamic measurements, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analyses after 2 weeks of HDAC inhibition. The effects of @entity10 were determined on the expression of proangiogenic and prohypertrophic genes in @entity0 myocardial fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity10 treatment did not prevent the development of @entity9 and was associated with @entity2 , capillary rarefaction, @entity3 , and increased rates of myocardial cell death. Similar results were obtained with the structurally unrelated HDAC inhibitor @entity7 . With @entity10 treatment, a reduction was found in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and @entity11 , which proteins are involved in vascular adaptation to pressure-overload. @entity10 dose-dependently suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and @entity11 expression in cultured myocardial endothelial cells, which effects were mimicked by selective gene silencing of several class I and II HDACs. CONCLUSIONS: HDAC inhibition is associated with @entity4 and worsened remodeling of the pressure-overloaded RV. The detrimental effects of HDAC inhibition on the pressure-overloaded RV may come about via antiangiogenic or proapoptotic effects.

title: Suppression of histone deacetylases worsens right XXXX after pulmonary artery banding in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: RATIONALE: Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) reduce pressure-overload-induced @entity5 , but their effects on right ventricular (RV) adaptation to pressure overload are unknown. OBJECTIVES: Determine the effect of the broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitors @entity8 ( @entity10 ) and @entity6 ( @entity7 ) on RV function and remodeling after pulmonary artery banding (PAB) in @entity1 . METHODS: Chronic progressive RV pressure-overload was induced in @entity1 by PAB. After establishment of adaptive @entity9 4 weeks after surgery, @entity1 were treated for 2 weeks with vehicle, @entity10 , or @entity7 . RV function and remodeling were determined using echocardiography, invasive hemodynamic measurements, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analyses after 2 weeks of HDAC inhibition. The effects of @entity10 were determined on the expression of proangiogenic and prohypertrophic genes in @entity0 myocardial fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity10 treatment did not prevent the development of @entity9 and was associated with @entity2 , capillary rarefaction, @entity3 , and increased rates of myocardial cell death. Similar results were obtained with the structurally unrelated HDAC inhibitor @entity7 . With @entity10 treatment, a reduction was found in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and @entity11 , which proteins are involved in vascular adaptation to pressure-overload. @entity10 dose-dependently suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and @entity11 expression in cultured myocardial endothelial cells, which effects were mimicked by selective gene silencing of several class I and II HDACs. CONCLUSIONS: HDAC inhibition is associated with @entity4 and worsened remodeling of the pressure-overloaded RV. The detrimental effects of HDAC inhibition on the pressure-overloaded RV may come about via antiangiogenic or proapoptotic effects.

title: Suppression of histone deacetylases worsens right @entity2 after pulmonary artery banding in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Procedural @entity6 is a frequent complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) have been shown to reduce @entity2 events in the setting of acute @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity7 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate whether chronic ACE-I treatment prior to PCI reduces the incidence of procedural @entity6 . METHODS: The study cohort included consecutive @entity0 from January 2003 to August 2004 undergoing PCI with normal baseline serum @entity8 kinase (CK) and cardiac CK isoform (CK-MB) (n = 265). Procedural @entity6 was defined as CK-MB elevation >=  3 times the upper limit of normal. RESULTS: @entity0 on chronic ACE-I had a higher baseline prevalence of adverse prognostic features including @entity1 (p = 0.02) and a trend towards a lower incidence of drug-eluting stent use (p = 0.07). Using multiple logistic regression, @entity0 on chronic ACE-I therapy (n = 138) had a 64% reduction in procedural @entity6 compared with those not on ACE-I (n = 127; odds ratio = 0.36; 95% confidence intervals 0.13-0.99; p = 0.05). Long-term outcomes, including @entity4 and major adverse @entity5 (MACE) (combined total of @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity3 revascularization were similar in the two groups. Procedural @entity6 was, however, associated with increased MACE during follow up (60% vs. 35.4%; p = 0.035). CONCLUSION: Chronic ACE-I therapy before PCI may reduce the incidence of procedural @entity6 .

title: Effect of chronic angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy on myocardial injury in XXXX undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: It is well known that @entity7 PET has a high average false-negative rate of 40%-50% in the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). This is not an acceptable accuracy, particularly in countries where this @entity1 is prevalent. In this study, we evaluated prospectively the characteristics of @entity12 and @entity7 metabolism in @entity3 and other @entity5 . METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity0 were recruited into this study, with masses consisting of 39 @entity3 ; 3 @entity4 ; 10 hepatic metastases from lung, breast, colon, and @entity10 primary @entity1 ; and 5 benign pathologies, including @entity11 ( @entity11 ), @entity8 , and @entity9 . All @entity0 , except 2 with typical findings of @entity9 and 3 clinically obvious metastases, were confirmed histopathologically by liver biopsy or resection. All @entity0 fasted for at least 6 h and blood @entity6 concentration was measured before they underwent dual PET radiopharmaceutical evaluation of the upper abdomen with @entity12 and @entity7 . RESULTS: In the subgroup of @entity3 @entity0 with the number of lesions < or = 3 (32 @entity0 ; 55 lesions; mean size +/- SD, 3.5 +/- 1.9 cm), the sensitivity of detection by @entity12 is 87.3% ((11)C-acetate maximum SUV [SUV(max)] = 7.32 +/- 2.02, with a lesion-to-normal liver ratio of 1.96 +/- 0.63), whereas the sensitivity of detection by @entity7 is only 47.3%, and 34% lesions show uptake of both tracers. None of the lesions was negative for both tracers (100% sensitivity using both tracers). In some lesions and in the subgroup of @entity3 @entity0 (n = 7) with multifocal or diffuse disease, dual-tracer uptake by different parts of the @entity1 is demonstrated. Histopathologic correlation suggests that the well-differentiated @entity2 are detected by @entity12 and the poorly differentiated types are detected by @entity7 . All 16 non- @entity3 malignant ( @entity4 and metastatic) liver lesions do not show abnormal @entity12 metabolism. Of the benign liver lesions, only @entity11 shows mildly increased @entity12 activities ( @entity12 SUV(max) = 3.59, with a lesion-to-normal liver ratio of 1.25). CONCLUSION: @entity12 has a high sensitivity and specificity as a radiotracer complementary to @entity7 in PET imaging of @entity3 and evaluation of other @entity5 .

title: XXXX PET imaging in hepatocellular @entity2 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: It is well known that @entity7 PET has a high average false-negative rate of 40%-50% in the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). This is not an acceptable accuracy, particularly in countries where this @entity1 is prevalent. In this study, we evaluated prospectively the characteristics of @entity12 and @entity7 metabolism in @entity3 and other @entity5 . METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity0 were recruited into this study, with masses consisting of 39 @entity3 ; 3 @entity4 ; 10 hepatic metastases from lung, breast, colon, and @entity10 primary @entity1 ; and 5 benign pathologies, including @entity11 ( @entity11 ), @entity8 , and @entity9 . All @entity0 , except 2 with typical findings of @entity9 and 3 clinically obvious metastases, were confirmed histopathologically by liver biopsy or resection. All @entity0 fasted for at least 6 h and blood @entity6 concentration was measured before they underwent dual PET radiopharmaceutical evaluation of the upper abdomen with @entity12 and @entity7 . RESULTS: In the subgroup of @entity3 @entity0 with the number of lesions < or = 3 (32 @entity0 ; 55 lesions; mean size +/- SD, 3.5 +/- 1.9 cm), the sensitivity of detection by @entity12 is 87.3% ((11)C-acetate maximum SUV [SUV(max)] = 7.32 +/- 2.02, with a lesion-to-normal liver ratio of 1.96 +/- 0.63), whereas the sensitivity of detection by @entity7 is only 47.3%, and 34% lesions show uptake of both tracers. None of the lesions was negative for both tracers (100% sensitivity using both tracers). In some lesions and in the subgroup of @entity3 @entity0 (n = 7) with multifocal or diffuse disease, dual-tracer uptake by different parts of the @entity1 is demonstrated. Histopathologic correlation suggests that the well-differentiated @entity2 are detected by @entity12 and the poorly differentiated types are detected by @entity7 . All 16 non- @entity3 malignant ( @entity4 and metastatic) liver lesions do not show abnormal @entity12 metabolism. Of the benign liver lesions, only @entity11 shows mildly increased @entity12 activities ( @entity12 SUV(max) = 3.59, with a lesion-to-normal liver ratio of 1.25). CONCLUSION: @entity12 has a high sensitivity and specificity as a radiotracer complementary to @entity7 in PET imaging of @entity3 and evaluation of other @entity5 .

title: @entity12 PET imaging in hepatocellular XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Various works have been published, mainly by Scandinavian authors, in which a partial immunological identity has been found to exist between birch pollen and hazelnut and apple. However, our attention has been particularly drawn to the high proportion of @entity0 who are allergic to the apple and other fruits, which in some cases has been as much as 50 and 70%, and in whom an oral @entity2 alone is considered sufficient a symptom of @entity3 to certain foodstuffs. However due to the fact that the incidence of @entity3 to fruit in @entity0 who suffer from pollen-related @entity3 is much lower in this area, being in the order of 7%, and because of the absence of birch, we decided to carry out our investigation in the opposite direction to that chosen by the Scandinavian researchers. That is to say, from the point of view of @entity0 suffering from @entity3 to fruits and vegetables (these being the foodstuffs which most frequently produce @entity1 in our own particular environment) we decided to investigate: 1) which foodstuffs, according to clinical history, are most frequently responsible for producing @entity3 ; 2) their possible co-existence with pollen related @entity3 ; 3) which pollens are responsible for producing a higher rate of positive results in @entity0 ; 4) and finally, by means of the RAST inhibition technique, to discover it a cross-reactivity might exist between these pollens and the peanut or the @entity5 . We chose 40 @entity0 (19 females and 21 males), between the ages of 5 and 49 years old, whose clinical history showed beyond a shadow of a doubt that they displayed symptoms of immediate @entity1 after the ingestion of certain fruits and/or vegetables. The technique employed in the skin tests was that of scratch of the skin from the backs of the @entity0 (in a prone position), systematically using fresh natural foodstuffs, and at the same time trying to ensure that they were of the same type as those that had originally produced the above-mentioned symptoms in the @entity0 . On 193 occasions we carried out passive transfers (the Prausnitz-K  stner method or P.K.), and on 13 @entity0 we carried out oral provocative tests (cases with positive scratch and uncertain clinical histories). With regard to the pollens, we used @entity4 -based antigens of the type: @entity7 , @entity6 , Artemisia vulgaris and Parietaria officinalis of Dome/Hollister-Stier, and the Bencard gramineae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Immediate XXXX and pollenosis].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A radioimmunoassay for @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity5 ) has been developed using biosynthetic @entity5 prepared by recombinant DNA technology as immunogen, standard, and tracer. The antiserum was raised in a @entity3 and then adsorbed against insulin and C-peptide conjugated to Sepharose to improve its specificity. After adsorption of the antiserum, the cross-reactivities to insulin and C-peptide were each less than 0.2%. Competition studies using in vitro enzymatically split forms of @entity4 demonstrated that the major antigenic determinant recognized was the junctional region between the B-chain of insulin and the C-peptide. The range of the assay extended from 10 to 150 fmol/tube, with a 50% displacement of 45-55 fmol/tube. This sensitivity proved suitable for measurements of serum @entity5 concentrations during infusion of biosynthetic @entity5 into normal subjects and type I @entity1 subjects. Eighty-five of 89 serum samples from the normal subjects and each of 20 samples from @entity1 subjects diluted in parallel with the @entity5 standard. Since the direct assay sensitivity was not sufficient for measurement of endogenous @entity5 levels, a simple procedure for quantitative extraction of @entity4 -like material (PLM) from up to 40 ml of plasma on insulin antibody-Sepharose columns was developed. Logit-log slopes were calculated for dilutions of extracts of samples collected in the fasting state and 60 min after 75 g or oral @entity2 from eight healthy subjects. The slopes of 15 of the 16 samples did not differ significantly from the slope of the @entity5 standard.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A radioimmunoassay for circulating @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A radioimmunoassay for @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity5 ) has been developed using biosynthetic @entity5 prepared by recombinant DNA technology as immunogen, standard, and tracer. The antiserum was raised in a @entity3 and then adsorbed against insulin and C-peptide conjugated to Sepharose to improve its specificity. After adsorption of the antiserum, the cross-reactivities to insulin and C-peptide were each less than 0.2%. Competition studies using in vitro enzymatically split forms of @entity4 demonstrated that the major antigenic determinant recognized was the junctional region between the B-chain of insulin and the C-peptide. The range of the assay extended from 10 to 150 fmol/tube, with a 50% displacement of 45-55 fmol/tube. This sensitivity proved suitable for measurements of serum @entity5 concentrations during infusion of biosynthetic @entity5 into normal subjects and type I @entity1 subjects. Eighty-five of 89 serum samples from the normal subjects and each of 20 samples from @entity1 subjects diluted in parallel with the @entity5 standard. Since the direct assay sensitivity was not sufficient for measurement of endogenous @entity5 levels, a simple procedure for quantitative extraction of @entity4 -like material (PLM) from up to 40 ml of plasma on insulin antibody-Sepharose columns was developed. Logit-log slopes were calculated for dilutions of extracts of samples collected in the fasting state and 60 min after 75 g or oral @entity2 from eight healthy subjects. The slopes of 15 of the 16 samples did not differ significantly from the slope of the @entity5 standard.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A radioimmunoassay for circulating XXXX @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Snake bite is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in certain parts of @entity7 Lanka. This study was designed to determine the offending snakes, neurological manifestations, disease course, and outcome in @entity6 . METHODS AND MATERIAL: Fifty six consecutive @entity0 admitted with neurological manifestations following snake bite were studied prospectively. Data were obtained regarding the offending snakes, neurological symptoms, time taken for onset of symptoms, neurological signs, and time taken for recovery. RESULTS: The offending snake was @entity9 in 27(48.2%), common and @entity7 Lankan krait in 19(33.9%), cobra in 3(5.4%), and unidentified in 7(12.5%). @entity4 was the commonest neurological manifestation seen in 48(85.7%) followed by @entity8 (75%), limb @entity2 (26.8%), @entity3 (17.9%), @entity2 (10.7%), neck @entity2 (7.1%), and delayed @entity1 (1.8%). @entity1 were experienced usually within 6 hours after the bite. Following administration of antivenom, the signs of recovery became evident within a few hours to several days. The duration for complete recovery ranged from four hours to two weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Complete recovery of neuromuscular @entity2 was observed in all @entity0 except for one who died with @entity5 shortly after admission.

title: Neurological manifestations of snake bite in XXXX Lanka.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The changes in plasma concentrations of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR- @entity2 ) in response to a standard meal were examined in 21 normal subjects and 15 Type 1 (insulin dependent) @entity1 @entity0 7 days, 14 days, and 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after time of diagnosis. During the first 4 tests significantly lower plasma IR- @entity2 concentrations were found in the @entity1 @entity0 after the standard meal. At 9 months and during the remaining tests there was no difference in IR- @entity2 concentrations between the @entity1 and the normal subjects. The IR- @entity2 response was normalized faster if the @entity1 @entity0 were treated with initial short term intensive insulin therapy than if they were treated conventionally with 1 or 2 daily injections of insulin. beta-Cell function, evaluated by the C-peptide response to the meal, increased significantly during the first 3 months. After 3 months maximal beta-cell function was found while the corresponding IR- @entity2 responses were significantly lower than those of the normal subjects. Thereafter beta-cell function declined gradually and significantly, coinciding with the normalization of the IR- @entity2 response. No individual covariation between IR- @entity2 and beta-cell function during the 18 months was found in any @entity0 . The IR- @entity2 response to a meal was diminished at the onset of Type 1 (insulin dependent) @entity1 mellitus. After the start of insulin therapy the response improved, perhaps as a function of the quality of metabolic control, and within a year it was comparable to that of normal subjects. Lack of endogenous @entity2 therefore does not explain the diminished beta-cell function in Type 1 @entity1 a few months after onset of the disease. No causal relationship between the changes in beta-cell function and IR- @entity2 during the first 18 months after the onset of the disease seems to exist.

title: Immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide response to a meal during the first eighteen months after diagnosis of type 1 (insulin dependent) XXXX mellitus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To investigate the mutation in the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA in @entity1 and its influence on the changes of reactive @entity2 species (ROS) and cell cycle. METHODS: The D-loop region was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Reactive @entity2 species and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry in 40 specimens from @entity1 and adjacent normal tissues. According to the sequence results, @entity3 tissue was divided into mutation group and control group. Reactive @entity2 species, apoptosis and proliferation in the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Among the 40 @entity1 specimens, 21 mutations were identified in 12 @entity0 , the mutation rate being 30%. There were four microsatellite instabilities in the mutations. No mutation was found in the adjacent tissues. Reactive @entity2 species, apoptosis and proliferation in the mutation group were all significantly higher than those in the control group. CONCLUSION: Mutation in the D-loop region plays a role in the genesis and development of @entity1 .

title: Significance of mutation in the D-loop region in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A retrospective study was performed on the operative results following @entity9 with @entity1 . We sought to investigate the results of operative decompression and stabilization in @entity0 with @entity2 as a result of an @entity9 . We examined the postoperative radiographic outcomes, level of disability, functional outcomes, and complications. Compression @entity6 of the anterior vertebral column secondary to @entity5 and minimal @entity3 are a common clinical entity. These @entity6 are often effectively treated by nonoperative means. However, compressive failure of the middle vertebral column can lead to retropulsion of vertebral body fragments with significant canal compromise and @entity1 . Treatment of these more severe injuries becomes more difficult and is less well established. Functional outcomes and disability from @entity4 have not been examined. Previous reports on this subject have documented generally good results but have given few specific data regarding outcomes. We retrospectively report on a series of 10 @entity0 , from 1995 to 1998, with @entity9 , which led to varying degrees of @entity1 . There were nine female and one male @entity0 with a mean age of 76 years. Nine of the 10 @entity0 presented more than 1 month following the onset of neurologic symptoms; 70% of the @entity6 occurred at the thoracolumbar junction (T11-L2). Mean loss of anterior column height was 59%, with significant @entity7 (mean 28 degrees) in nine of the 10 @entity6 . Mean canal compromise was 41%. At presentation, seven @entity0 were Frankel grade D and three were Frankel grade C. All @entity0 were treated operatively with decompression and arthrodesis. Mean time to follow-up was 16 months. Six of the 10 @entity0 had improvement of their Frankel grade postoperatively and one deteriorated neurologically. Seven of the eight surviving @entity0 completed the Oswestry questionnaire with a mean score of 44%, representing severe disability secondary to @entity8 . The Physical Component score of the SF-36 was at or below the national mean for each @entity0 . Complications were present in six of the eight surviving @entity0 . @entity9 are not benign. Careful evaluation for @entity1 is warranted. Neurologic recovery occurred in six of the 10 @entity0 ; however, significant disability secondary to @entity4 was common.

title: @entity9 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A retrospective study was performed on the operative results following @entity9 with @entity1 . We sought to investigate the results of operative decompression and stabilization in @entity0 with @entity2 as a result of an @entity9 . We examined the postoperative radiographic outcomes, level of disability, functional outcomes, and complications. Compression @entity6 of the anterior vertebral column secondary to @entity5 and minimal @entity3 are a common clinical entity. These @entity6 are often effectively treated by nonoperative means. However, compressive failure of the middle vertebral column can lead to retropulsion of vertebral body fragments with significant canal compromise and @entity1 . Treatment of these more severe injuries becomes more difficult and is less well established. Functional outcomes and disability from @entity4 have not been examined. Previous reports on this subject have documented generally good results but have given few specific data regarding outcomes. We retrospectively report on a series of 10 @entity0 , from 1995 to 1998, with @entity9 , which led to varying degrees of @entity1 . There were nine female and one male @entity0 with a mean age of 76 years. Nine of the 10 @entity0 presented more than 1 month following the onset of neurologic symptoms; 70% of the @entity6 occurred at the thoracolumbar junction (T11-L2). Mean loss of anterior column height was 59%, with significant @entity7 (mean 28 degrees) in nine of the 10 @entity6 . Mean canal compromise was 41%. At presentation, seven @entity0 were Frankel grade D and three were Frankel grade C. All @entity0 were treated operatively with decompression and arthrodesis. Mean time to follow-up was 16 months. Six of the 10 @entity0 had improvement of their Frankel grade postoperatively and one deteriorated neurologically. Seven of the eight surviving @entity0 completed the Oswestry questionnaire with a mean score of 44%, representing severe disability secondary to @entity8 . The Physical Component score of the SF-36 was at or below the national mean for each @entity0 . Complications were present in six of the eight surviving @entity0 . @entity9 are not benign. Careful evaluation for @entity1 is warranted. Neurologic recovery occurred in six of the 10 @entity0 ; however, significant disability secondary to @entity4 was common.

title: XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity2 represent a heterogeneous group of @entity0 arising from the malignant transformation of presumed diverse cell lineages. We recently demonstrated that @entity0 -specific up-regulation of human @entity6 , a nonclassical HLA class Ib molecule that might be involved in immune evasion by @entity0 cells, frequently occurs in conventional (clear cell) @entity2 . We here examined whether @entity6 activation is a common process affecting all types of @entity2 . We analyzed a series of 38 @entity3 -embedded @entity0 including clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct @entity1 , and @entity5 . Seven of 12 (58%) clear cell @entity0 were positive by immunohistochemistry, whereas all of the other subtypes of @entity2 were negative for @entity6 expression. Developing or adult normal renal tissue were devoid of @entity6 expression. We also observed that ectopic expression of HLA class II antigens occurs more frequently in @entity4 than in other subtypes of @entity2 . Moreover, in contrast to the common observation of a down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class Ia antigens reported in various @entity0 , the concomitant study of the same biopsies for classical HLA class Ia antigen expression revealed a general increase of HLA class Ia expression, regardless of histological subtypes. These results provide evidence for the heterogeneity of major histocompatibility complex expression patterns in @entity2 and support the hypothesis that specific mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation into @entity4 up-regulate expression of @entity6 and to a lesser extent HLA class II molecule expression. Considering the immunotolerant role of @entity6 toward the immune response, these mechanisms may thus provide @entity4 cells with additional means to escape immune surveillance.

title: Altered pattern of major histocompatibility complex expression in @entity2 : @entity0 -specific expression of the nonclassical human leukocyte antigen-G molecule is restricted to XXXX while up-regulation of other major histocompatibility complex antigens is primarily distributed in all subtypes of @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 represent a heterogeneous group of @entity0 arising from the malignant transformation of presumed diverse cell lineages. We recently demonstrated that @entity0 -specific up-regulation of human @entity6 , a nonclassical HLA class Ib molecule that might be involved in immune evasion by @entity0 cells, frequently occurs in conventional (clear cell) @entity2 . We here examined whether @entity6 activation is a common process affecting all types of @entity2 . We analyzed a series of 38 @entity3 -embedded @entity0 including clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct @entity1 , and @entity5 . Seven of 12 (58%) clear cell @entity0 were positive by immunohistochemistry, whereas all of the other subtypes of @entity2 were negative for @entity6 expression. Developing or adult normal renal tissue were devoid of @entity6 expression. We also observed that ectopic expression of HLA class II antigens occurs more frequently in @entity4 than in other subtypes of @entity2 . Moreover, in contrast to the common observation of a down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class Ia antigens reported in various @entity0 , the concomitant study of the same biopsies for classical HLA class Ia antigen expression revealed a general increase of HLA class Ia expression, regardless of histological subtypes. These results provide evidence for the heterogeneity of major histocompatibility complex expression patterns in @entity2 and support the hypothesis that specific mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation into @entity4 up-regulate expression of @entity6 and to a lesser extent HLA class II molecule expression. Considering the immunotolerant role of @entity6 toward the immune response, these mechanisms may thus provide @entity4 cells with additional means to escape immune surveillance.

title: Altered pattern of major histocompatibility complex expression in XXXX : @entity0 -specific expression of the nonclassical human leukocyte antigen-G molecule is restricted to @entity4 while up-regulation of other major histocompatibility complex antigens is primarily distributed in all subtypes of @entity2 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 represent a heterogeneous group of @entity0 arising from the malignant transformation of presumed diverse cell lineages. We recently demonstrated that @entity0 -specific up-regulation of human @entity6 , a nonclassical HLA class Ib molecule that might be involved in immune evasion by @entity0 cells, frequently occurs in conventional (clear cell) @entity2 . We here examined whether @entity6 activation is a common process affecting all types of @entity2 . We analyzed a series of 38 @entity3 -embedded @entity0 including clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct @entity1 , and @entity5 . Seven of 12 (58%) clear cell @entity0 were positive by immunohistochemistry, whereas all of the other subtypes of @entity2 were negative for @entity6 expression. Developing or adult normal renal tissue were devoid of @entity6 expression. We also observed that ectopic expression of HLA class II antigens occurs more frequently in @entity4 than in other subtypes of @entity2 . Moreover, in contrast to the common observation of a down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class Ia antigens reported in various @entity0 , the concomitant study of the same biopsies for classical HLA class Ia antigen expression revealed a general increase of HLA class Ia expression, regardless of histological subtypes. These results provide evidence for the heterogeneity of major histocompatibility complex expression patterns in @entity2 and support the hypothesis that specific mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation into @entity4 up-regulate expression of @entity6 and to a lesser extent HLA class II molecule expression. Considering the immunotolerant role of @entity6 toward the immune response, these mechanisms may thus provide @entity4 cells with additional means to escape immune surveillance.

title: Altered pattern of major histocompatibility complex expression in @entity2 : @entity0 -specific expression of the nonclassical human leukocyte antigen-G molecule is restricted to @entity4 while up-regulation of other major histocompatibility complex antigens is primarily distributed in all subtypes of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 represent a heterogeneous group of @entity0 arising from the malignant transformation of presumed diverse cell lineages. We recently demonstrated that @entity0 -specific up-regulation of human @entity6 , a nonclassical HLA class Ib molecule that might be involved in immune evasion by @entity0 cells, frequently occurs in conventional (clear cell) @entity2 . We here examined whether @entity6 activation is a common process affecting all types of @entity2 . We analyzed a series of 38 @entity3 -embedded @entity0 including clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct @entity1 , and @entity5 . Seven of 12 (58%) clear cell @entity0 were positive by immunohistochemistry, whereas all of the other subtypes of @entity2 were negative for @entity6 expression. Developing or adult normal renal tissue were devoid of @entity6 expression. We also observed that ectopic expression of HLA class II antigens occurs more frequently in @entity4 than in other subtypes of @entity2 . Moreover, in contrast to the common observation of a down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class Ia antigens reported in various @entity0 , the concomitant study of the same biopsies for classical HLA class Ia antigen expression revealed a general increase of HLA class Ia expression, regardless of histological subtypes. These results provide evidence for the heterogeneity of major histocompatibility complex expression patterns in @entity2 and support the hypothesis that specific mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation into @entity4 up-regulate expression of @entity6 and to a lesser extent HLA class II molecule expression. Considering the immunotolerant role of @entity6 toward the immune response, these mechanisms may thus provide @entity4 cells with additional means to escape immune surveillance.

title: Altered pattern of major histocompatibility complex expression in @entity2 : XXXX -specific expression of the nonclassical human leukocyte antigen-G molecule is restricted to @entity4 while up-regulation of other major histocompatibility complex antigens is primarily distributed in all subtypes of @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 is a morphogenic effector in the @entity0 pathogenic @entity1 @entity7 . Depending on temperature, @entity5 induces @entity1 -mycelial conversion or chlamydospore formation. @entity5 is also a @entity2 source for growth in the @entity1 form. Germ-tube formation, i.e. the intermediary of @entity1 -mycelial conversion, is induced at temperatures in excess of 33 degrees C; at lower temperatures the @entity1 or the pseudomycelial form of the organism predominates. @entity3 , at concentrations which do not affect @entity1 growth, is a potent inhibitor of @entity5 -induced germ-tube formation. @entity5 suffices as both the inducer and the @entity2 sources for morphogenesis and both transcription and translation are required for the @entity1 to mycelial transition. The metabolism of @entity5 is essentially the same for @entity1 phase cells (28 degrees C) and germ-tube forming cells (37 degrees C): enzymes for @entity5 uptake and catabolism are equally well induced by gene expression at 28 degrees C and 37 degrees C. During germ-tube formation, the chitin content and the activity of the regulatory enzyme chitin synthase increase. Germ-tube formation in @entity7 can also be induced gratuitously by a number of @entity9 derivatives ( @entity5 covalently linked to @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity6 , colloidal chitin, and mucin). These compounds are not taken up by the @entity1 cells and do not support growth which suggests that germ-tube formation is triggered by a cell-surface receptor mechanism. It is proposed that, after binding to the receptor, @entity5 produces an intracellular message which primes the cell for morphogenesis. This message would ultimately be responsible for the choice of the mode of growth, spherical versus apical, that is characteristic of @entity1 or mycelial form.

title: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-induced morphogenesis in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Myocardial function is enhanced by endurance exercise training, but the cellular mechanisms underlying this improved function remain unclear. A number of studies have shown that the characteristics of cardiac myocytes vary across the width of the ventricular wall. We have previously shown that endurance exercise training alters the @entity1 sensitivity of tension as well as contractile protein isoform expression in @entity0 cardiac myocytes. We tested the hypothesis that these effects of training are not uniform across the ventricular wall but are more pronounced in the subendocardial (Endo) region of the myocardium. Female @entity0 were divided into sedentary control (C) and exercise trained (T) groups. @entity2 underwent 11 wk of progressive treadmill exercise. Myocytes were isolated from the Endo region of the myocardium and from the subepicardial (Epi) region of both T and C hearts. We found an increase in the @entity1 sensitivity of tension in T cells compared with C cells, but this difference was larger in the Endo cells than in the Epi cells. In addition, we found a training-induced increase in atrial myosin light chain 1 (aMLC1) expression that was larger in the Endo compared with Epi samples. We conclude that effects of exercise training on myocyte contractile and biochemical properties are greater in myocytes from the Endo region of the myocardium than those from the Epi region. In addition, these results provide evidence that the increase in aMLC1 expression may be responsible for some of the training-induced increase in myocyte @entity1 sensitivity of tension.

title: Regional differences in effects of exercise training on contractile and biochemical properties of XXXX cardiac myocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: One hundred and fourteen strains of @entity7 were isolated during presumptive plate-counts from 18 groups of industrialized, non-industrialized, crude or cooked food, belonging to 10 separate classes. Specific presumptive counts ranged from 10(2) to 6 X 10(3)/g or ml. Among these isolates, 13 strains were derived from 3 outbreaks of @entity8 (involving a minimum of 57 @entity0 ), as determined by the assayed bacteriological quality of the ingested foods. As an adopted procedure to correlate @entity4 and ability to promote illness in @entity0 , culture fluids of all strains were assayed to determine their ability to increase vascular permeability ( @entity6 ) to cause @entity2 in @entity3 skin and to kill albino @entity1 . @entity6 was positive in 86.85% of the 114 strains, @entity5 of albino @entity1 occurred in 65.79% and a combination of @entity6 and @entity5 was observed in 59.65%. @entity6 plus @entity2 , or only @entity2 , occurred with 34.21% of the culture fluids. Death, @entity6 and @entity5 with or without @entity2 , were demonstrated in the strains implicated with illness. This confirmed the known individuality of action exhibited by certain @entity7 food-borne toxigenic factors. The low presumptive counts of this bacterium in the order of 10(2)-10(3)/g or ml found in food, implicated or not with illness, suggests that the recommended number of @entity7 per g or ml of food sample should be reevaluated in our country. Furthermore, a wider range of food should be brought under bacteriological sanitary control for this species.

title: [Evaluation of the incidence and XXXX of samples of @entity7 in various classes of foods sold and consumed in the State of Rio de Janeiro].

answer: @entity4


abstract: One hundred and fourteen strains of @entity7 were isolated during presumptive plate-counts from 18 groups of industrialized, non-industrialized, crude or cooked food, belonging to 10 separate classes. Specific presumptive counts ranged from 10(2) to 6 X 10(3)/g or ml. Among these isolates, 13 strains were derived from 3 outbreaks of @entity8 (involving a minimum of 57 @entity0 ), as determined by the assayed bacteriological quality of the ingested foods. As an adopted procedure to correlate @entity4 and ability to promote illness in @entity0 , culture fluids of all strains were assayed to determine their ability to increase vascular permeability ( @entity6 ) to cause @entity2 in @entity3 skin and to kill albino @entity1 . @entity6 was positive in 86.85% of the 114 strains, @entity5 of albino @entity1 occurred in 65.79% and a combination of @entity6 and @entity5 was observed in 59.65%. @entity6 plus @entity2 , or only @entity2 , occurred with 34.21% of the culture fluids. Death, @entity6 and @entity5 with or without @entity2 , were demonstrated in the strains implicated with illness. This confirmed the known individuality of action exhibited by certain @entity7 food-borne toxigenic factors. The low presumptive counts of this bacterium in the order of 10(2)-10(3)/g or ml found in food, implicated or not with illness, suggests that the recommended number of @entity7 per g or ml of food sample should be reevaluated in our country. Furthermore, a wider range of food should be brought under bacteriological sanitary control for this species.

title: [Evaluation of the incidence and @entity4 of samples of XXXX in various classes of foods sold and consumed in the State of Rio de Janeiro].

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Japan, the new macrolide immunosuppressant, @entity2 , was approved for the prevention and treatment of allograft rejection in renal transplant recipients in April 1996. This article summarizes efficacy and safety data for @entity2 gathered since its approval. METHOD: Data from 1,007 @entity0 who received @entity2 -based treatment after kidney transplantation at 35 leading Japanese transplant centers between April 1996 and December 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The renal transplants consisted of 856 living (756 @entity3 compatible, 100 @entity3 incompatible) and 151 cadaveric (146 non-heart-beating, 5 brain dead) donor grafts. Mean follow-up duration was 24.4 months. Overall @entity0 and graft survival rates were 98.4% and 94.8% at 1 year, 98.0% and 92.6% at 2 years, and 97.6% and 90.4% at 3 years, respectively. Graft survival rates in living and non-heart-beating donor graft transplantations were 95.9% and 88.8% at 1 year, 94.0% and 85.0% at 2 years, and 92.2% and 80.0% at 3 years, respectively. Graft survival rates in living @entity3 -compatible donor graft transplantation ranged from 93.4% to 97.5%, and in @entity3 -incompatible cases, rates were stable at 83.2% throughout the 3-year assessment period. Median serum @entity1 levels ranged from 1.30 to 1.37 mg/dL during this time. Percentages of patients receiving antihyperlipidemics, antihypertensives, and insulin were 12.6%, 41.1%, and 6.5% at 1 year, respectively, and remained low at 3 years after transplantation. CONCLUSION: Three years of @entity2 therapy demonstrated excellent efficacy and safety in more than 1,000 renal transplant recipients, including recipients of living @entity3 -incompatible and non-heart-beating donor grafts, with favorable graft function maintained.

title: Outcome of 3 years of immunosuppression with XXXX in more than 1,000 renal transplant recipients in japan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 are common in the pediatric age group, and measurement of serum concentration of an antiepileptic drug (AED) is frequently ordered for @entity3 @entity0 in the @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The objective of this study was to develop a better understanding of the indications for, and consequences of, monitoring AED serum concentrations in the pediatric @entity4 . Charts of 116 @entity0 who visited the @entity4 and were tested for blood levels of AED were retrospectively reviewed. Main outcome measures were number and percentage of levels outside the therapeutic range, discontinuation of an AED or introduction of a new one, dosage modifications, and admission to hospital. Two pediatricians and a pediatric neurologist aware only of @entity0 ' age, weight, diagnosis, history, clinical presentation, and drug details reviewed each case and on the basis of predetermined criteria decided whether measurement of AED was indicated. Mean age (+/- SD) of the study population was 7 +/- 5 years (range, 2 months-17 years). Forty-two @entity0 (36%) were on monotherapy, and 74 (64%) were on polytherapy. Sixty-eight @entity0 (59%) presented with increased @entity5 frequency, 7 (6%) with @entity2 , and 13 (11%) with suspected AED @entity1 . The remainder of the @entity0 presented with problems unrelated to @entity3 . No significant difference was found between @entity0 with AED levels within the therapeutic range and those with levels outside it in the proportion of @entity0 needing dosage change, change in medication, or hospital admission (P = 0.5, 0.8, and 0.8, respectively). None of the @entity0 presenting with @entity2 and only 15% of those with increased @entity5 activity had subtherapeutic levels. Review of the cases suggested that measuring serum AED level was not indicated in 57 (49.1%) @entity0 . In the pediatric @entity4 , abnormal AED levels do not correlate with clinical management. Before ordering tests, physicians should consider whether their results would alter @entity0 treatment.

title: Utility of antiepileptic drug monitoring in the pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effect of @entity5 , an adrenergic neuron blocking agent, on @entity1 , penile reflexes, and spontaneous seminal emission (SSE) in the @entity0 was studied by acute (i.e., 4 hours prior to testing) and daily IP injection of a low (5 mg/kg) and moderately high (25 mg/kg) dose of the drug. Acute low dose treatment eliminated the expulsion of a seminal plug with behavioral ejaculation without affecting @entity1 ; while acute high dose administration significantly decreased the number of intromissions preceding ejaculation and eliminated emission in copula and SSE for 3 days, with no evidence of @entity4 . Acute high dose treatment also increased the number of long flips displayed in the penile reflex test, and resulted in significant @entity3 in plasma @entity2 (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Daily injection with the low dose eliminated emission in and ex copula for 4 weeks, without altering @entity1 or penile reflexes. Seminal emission in copula reappeared more rapidly after stopping injections than SSE. Chronic high dose treatment was also without effect on copulatory activity. There was a partial recovery of emission in copula by the fourth week of treatment, suggesting that a nonadrenergic mechanism had assumed this function. In penile reflex tests conducted after 4 and 8 weeks, significantly fewer erections were displayed by drug-treated animals. During the period of initial recovery of emission in copula, emission during the reflex test was markedly increased, but SSE was decreased. Plasma T was significantly suppressed after two and four weeks of daily injections, but not thereafter, while plasma LH levels were not affected by the drug.

title: Reproductive physiology and behavior in the male @entity0 following acute and chronic peripheral adrenergic depletion by XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The effect of @entity5 , an adrenergic neuron blocking agent, on @entity1 , penile reflexes, and spontaneous seminal emission (SSE) in the @entity0 was studied by acute (i.e., 4 hours prior to testing) and daily IP injection of a low (5 mg/kg) and moderately high (25 mg/kg) dose of the drug. Acute low dose treatment eliminated the expulsion of a seminal plug with behavioral ejaculation without affecting @entity1 ; while acute high dose administration significantly decreased the number of intromissions preceding ejaculation and eliminated emission in copula and SSE for 3 days, with no evidence of @entity4 . Acute high dose treatment also increased the number of long flips displayed in the penile reflex test, and resulted in significant @entity3 in plasma @entity2 (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Daily injection with the low dose eliminated emission in and ex copula for 4 weeks, without altering @entity1 or penile reflexes. Seminal emission in copula reappeared more rapidly after stopping injections than SSE. Chronic high dose treatment was also without effect on copulatory activity. There was a partial recovery of emission in copula by the fourth week of treatment, suggesting that a nonadrenergic mechanism had assumed this function. In penile reflex tests conducted after 4 and 8 weeks, significantly fewer erections were displayed by drug-treated animals. During the period of initial recovery of emission in copula, emission during the reflex test was markedly increased, but SSE was decreased. Plasma T was significantly suppressed after two and four weeks of daily injections, but not thereafter, while plasma LH levels were not affected by the drug.

title: Reproductive physiology and behavior in the male XXXX following acute and chronic peripheral adrenergic depletion by @entity5 .

answer: @entity0