abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested recently that cortical pathology in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) may, at least partly, be caused by factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We thus hypothesized that @entity1 -related tissue changes in compartments close to the CSF, such as @entity3 , might correlate with cortical pathology. METHODS: We investigated a cohort of 160 @entity0 , comprising 91 with a @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and 69 with relapsing-remitting @entity1 (RRMS; mean age: @entity5 : 31.4    9.0; RRMS: 33.0    8.7 years; mean disease duration: @entity5 : 7.2    15 months; RRMS: 8.0    6.5 years, Expanded Disability Status Scale (median, min-max): @entity5 : 1, 0-3.5; RRMS: 1.25, 0-4) with 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging. @entity1 lesions were segmented semiautomatically on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. To quantify periventricular lesion load (PV-LL), we generated ventricle masks and dilated them by a voxel factor of 3. Lesions within the dilated ventricle margin were classified as periventricular. Cortical thinning was assessed by @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and compared to data from 58 healthy controls (HCs; mean age: 29.1    7.4 years). RESULTS: Compared to HC, @entity5 and (even more so) RRMS @entity0 demonstrated significantly reduced @entity4 . Even after controlling for ventricular volume and total lesion load, increased periventricular lesion occupancy (percentage of PV-LL) significantly correlated with decreased @entity4 in RRMS (r = -0.295; p = 0.015), but not in @entity5 (r = 0.032; p = 0.768) @entity0 . INTERPRETATION: The correlation between increased periventricular lesion burden and decreased @entity4 indicative of subpial cortical pathology supports the concept that common CSF-mediated factors might play a role in the accumulation of @entity2 in @entity1 .

title: @entity3 correlate with cortical thinning in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested recently that cortical pathology in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) may, at least partly, be caused by factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We thus hypothesized that @entity1 -related tissue changes in compartments close to the CSF, such as @entity3 , might correlate with cortical pathology. METHODS: We investigated a cohort of 160 @entity0 , comprising 91 with a @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and 69 with relapsing-remitting @entity1 (RRMS; mean age: @entity5 : 31.4    9.0; RRMS: 33.0    8.7 years; mean disease duration: @entity5 : 7.2    15 months; RRMS: 8.0    6.5 years, Expanded Disability Status Scale (median, min-max): @entity5 : 1, 0-3.5; RRMS: 1.25, 0-4) with 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging. @entity1 lesions were segmented semiautomatically on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. To quantify periventricular lesion load (PV-LL), we generated ventricle masks and dilated them by a voxel factor of 3. Lesions within the dilated ventricle margin were classified as periventricular. Cortical thinning was assessed by @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and compared to data from 58 healthy controls (HCs; mean age: 29.1    7.4 years). RESULTS: Compared to HC, @entity5 and (even more so) RRMS @entity0 demonstrated significantly reduced @entity4 . Even after controlling for ventricular volume and total lesion load, increased periventricular lesion occupancy (percentage of PV-LL) significantly correlated with decreased @entity4 in RRMS (r = -0.295; p = 0.015), but not in @entity5 (r = 0.032; p = 0.768) @entity0 . INTERPRETATION: The correlation between increased periventricular lesion burden and decreased @entity4 indicative of subpial cortical pathology supports the concept that common CSF-mediated factors might play a role in the accumulation of @entity2 in @entity1 .

title: XXXX correlate with cortical thinning in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We previously demonstrated stimulation of collateral vessel formation in a @entity0 model of unilateral limb ischaemia after administration of endothelial cell growth factor ( @entity2 ). To distinguish clearly the effects of ischaemia alone from those of ischaemia combined with angiogenic stimulation in the same animal, a model of bilateral hindlimb ischaemia was used to evaluate further the angiogenic effect of @entity2 . DESIGN: Ischaemia was produced in both hindlimbs of 11 @entity0 by femoral artery excision. Beginning 10 days later, @entity2 (8 mg in 3 ml of saline) was injected in one hindlimb while 3 ml of saline alone was injected in the other every other day for a total of five doses. OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 systolic blood pressure was measured in both limbs on postoperative days, 10, 30, and 50. On day 50, collateral formation was quantitated angiographically, and muscle samples were obtained for quantitation of capillary density and histologic studies. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 systolic blood pressure in the both hindlimbs was similar on day 10 (36.9 +/- 2.3 versus 38.1 +/- 2.9 mmHg) but was significantly higher in the @entity2 -treated limb on day 30 (68.9 +/- 3.1 versus 45.0 +/- 2.9 mmHg) and day 50 (83.0 +/- 3.0 versus 57.0 +/- 1.7; p < 0.0001 for both comparisons). On day 50, collateral vessels were significantly more numerous in the @entity2 -treated limb (17.2 +/- 1.6 versus 11.0 +/- 0.8; p < 0.0006), as were capillaries (225.9 +/- 11.4 versus 159.6 +/- 12.9 per mm2; p < 0.002). CONCLUSION: Local administration of @entity2 enhanced collateral development leading to significantly improved perfusion in the treated as compared with the untreated limb in the same animal. Exogenous administration of an angiogenic mitogen can upregulate the normal collateral response to ischaemia and may be useful in treating severe limb ischaemia.

title: Enhanced revascularisation after angiogenic stimulation in a XXXX model of bilateral limb ischaemia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The clinical efficacy of COP-BLAM chemotherapy combined with @entity0 recombinant @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was evaluated in 104 previously untreated @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). According to the method of Laurence et al., a modified COP-BLAM regimen was administered every 21 days. @entity5 was added when the granulocyte count fell below 1000 x 10(9)/l. Ninety-eight of 104 (94.2%) @entity0 achieved a complete remission; the 4-year survival rate was 82.4% with a median duration of observation of 26 months. Survival was significantly longer in @entity0 with low serum LDH levels, B-cell type or low CRP or in earlier clinical stages, than in @entity0 with high serum LDH levels, T-cell type of higher CRP levels or in advanced clinical stages. The mean duration of administration of @entity5 was 5.4 days. Twelve @entity0 developed @entity3 during treatment. The adverse effects of @entity5 included @entity4 , @entity1 and @entity2 . @entity0 administered COP-BLAM combined with @entity5 achieved a high rate of remission and had a low incidence of @entity3 . Nearly all the @entity0 could be treated in 21-day cycles. The results suggest that @entity5 combined with COP-BLAM was effective in treating @entity6 , because the @entity0 can tolerate a higher dose of the anticancer agents.

title: COP-BLAM regimen combined with @entity5 and high-grade XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The clinical efficacy of COP-BLAM chemotherapy combined with @entity0 recombinant @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was evaluated in 104 previously untreated @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). According to the method of Laurence et al., a modified COP-BLAM regimen was administered every 21 days. @entity5 was added when the granulocyte count fell below 1000 x 10(9)/l. Ninety-eight of 104 (94.2%) @entity0 achieved a complete remission; the 4-year survival rate was 82.4% with a median duration of observation of 26 months. Survival was significantly longer in @entity0 with low serum LDH levels, B-cell type or low CRP or in earlier clinical stages, than in @entity0 with high serum LDH levels, T-cell type of higher CRP levels or in advanced clinical stages. The mean duration of administration of @entity5 was 5.4 days. Twelve @entity0 developed @entity3 during treatment. The adverse effects of @entity5 included @entity4 , @entity1 and @entity2 . @entity0 administered COP-BLAM combined with @entity5 achieved a high rate of remission and had a low incidence of @entity3 . Nearly all the @entity0 could be treated in 21-day cycles. The results suggest that @entity5 combined with COP-BLAM was effective in treating @entity6 , because the @entity0 can tolerate a higher dose of the anticancer agents.

title: COP-BLAM regimen combined with XXXX and high-grade @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 )/clubfoot is the most common @entity1 . The success rate of Ponseti casting in the hands of the legend himself is not 100%. The prediction of difficult to correct foot and recurrences still remains a mystery to be solved. We all know that tarsal bones are @entity4 in clubfoot and considering it; we hypothesize that the amount of @entity6 can predict management duration and outcome. In literature we were not able to find studies that satisfactorily quantify the amount of @entity6 . Hence, it was considered worthwhile to quantify the amount of @entity2 in tarsal bone and to correlate these parameters with the duration and outcome of treatment by conventional method. METHODS: A total of 25 @entity0 with unilateral idiopathic clubfoot that have not taken any previous treatment were included in the study. An initial ultrasonography was done before start of treatment in 3 standard planes to measure the maximum length of 3 tarsal bones (talus, calcaneus, and navicular). Ponseti method of treatment was used; pirani scoring was done at each OPD (out @entity0 department) visit. Number of casts required for complete correction and need for any surgical intervention were taken as the outcome parameters. RESULTS: We found that there is a significant correlation between number of casts required and the @entity2 of talus (a error=0.05). We also found a significant negative correlation between relative @entity2 of talus and number of casts required (r=-0.629 sig=0.001, r=-0.552 sig=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 as quantified by using ultrasonography can be used as a prognostic indicator in @entity3 . Although promising the method needs further studies and can be more useful after long-term follow-up where recurrences if any can be documented. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II.

title: @entity5 in Clubfoot as Measured by Ultrasonography: Can It be Used as a Prognostic Indicator in XXXX ? A Prospective Observational Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 )/clubfoot is the most common @entity1 . The success rate of Ponseti casting in the hands of the legend himself is not 100%. The prediction of difficult to correct foot and recurrences still remains a mystery to be solved. We all know that tarsal bones are @entity4 in clubfoot and considering it; we hypothesize that the amount of @entity6 can predict management duration and outcome. In literature we were not able to find studies that satisfactorily quantify the amount of @entity6 . Hence, it was considered worthwhile to quantify the amount of @entity2 in tarsal bone and to correlate these parameters with the duration and outcome of treatment by conventional method. METHODS: A total of 25 @entity0 with unilateral idiopathic clubfoot that have not taken any previous treatment were included in the study. An initial ultrasonography was done before start of treatment in 3 standard planes to measure the maximum length of 3 tarsal bones (talus, calcaneus, and navicular). Ponseti method of treatment was used; pirani scoring was done at each OPD (out @entity0 department) visit. Number of casts required for complete correction and need for any surgical intervention were taken as the outcome parameters. RESULTS: We found that there is a significant correlation between number of casts required and the @entity2 of talus (a error=0.05). We also found a significant negative correlation between relative @entity2 of talus and number of casts required (r=-0.629 sig=0.001, r=-0.552 sig=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 as quantified by using ultrasonography can be used as a prognostic indicator in @entity3 . Although promising the method needs further studies and can be more useful after long-term follow-up where recurrences if any can be documented. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II.

title: XXXX in Clubfoot as Measured by Ultrasonography: Can It be Used as a Prognostic Indicator in @entity3 ? A Prospective Observational Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Few studies have investigated the @entity5 ( @entity5 )   4 allele status of @entity3 @entity0 with severe @entity1 ( @entity2 ). In this study, we aimed to characterize the @entity5 epsivlon genotypes and clinical features of @entity3 @entity0 with severe @entity2 . Four hundred and thirty nine @entity0 with @entity3 and 152 subjects with normal cognition (NC) were recruited from multiple centers in Korea, known as the Clinical Research Center for @entity3 of South Korea (CREDOS), since November 2005. The @entity2 were rated using the scale that had been developed by the CREDOS study. @entity3 @entity0 with minimal @entity2 were considered to have @entity2 ( @entity2 ) without @entity2 ( @entity2 - @entity2 : 325), and those with severe @entity2 were considered to have Subcortical @entity4 (SIVD: 50) or @entity2 with severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Comparisons of @entity5 allelic prevalence were performed using chi-square analysis. The @entity5 allele was more prevalent in those with @entity2 than in those with SIVD and NC (p < 0.001). It was not more prevalent in those with SIVD than in those with NC (p = 0.169). @entity5 allele status in @entity2 + @entity2 did not differ from that in @entity2 - @entity2 (p = 0.625). The @entity5 allele was more prevalent in those with @entity2 than in those with SIVD. @entity5 may not be associated with SIVD although it is one of the vascular risk factors.

title: @entity5 allele status in korean @entity3 @entity0 with severe XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Few studies have investigated the @entity5 ( @entity5 )   4 allele status of @entity3 @entity0 with severe @entity1 ( @entity2 ). In this study, we aimed to characterize the @entity5 epsivlon genotypes and clinical features of @entity3 @entity0 with severe @entity2 . Four hundred and thirty nine @entity0 with @entity3 and 152 subjects with normal cognition (NC) were recruited from multiple centers in Korea, known as the Clinical Research Center for @entity3 of South Korea (CREDOS), since November 2005. The @entity2 were rated using the scale that had been developed by the CREDOS study. @entity3 @entity0 with minimal @entity2 were considered to have @entity2 ( @entity2 ) without @entity2 ( @entity2 - @entity2 : 325), and those with severe @entity2 were considered to have Subcortical @entity4 (SIVD: 50) or @entity2 with severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Comparisons of @entity5 allelic prevalence were performed using chi-square analysis. The @entity5 allele was more prevalent in those with @entity2 than in those with SIVD and NC (p < 0.001). It was not more prevalent in those with SIVD than in those with NC (p = 0.169). @entity5 allele status in @entity2 + @entity2 did not differ from that in @entity2 - @entity2 (p = 0.625). The @entity5 allele was more prevalent in those with @entity2 than in those with SIVD. @entity5 may not be associated with SIVD although it is one of the vascular risk factors.

title: XXXX allele status in korean @entity3 @entity0 with severe @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Few studies have investigated the @entity5 ( @entity5 )   4 allele status of @entity3 @entity0 with severe @entity1 ( @entity2 ). In this study, we aimed to characterize the @entity5 epsivlon genotypes and clinical features of @entity3 @entity0 with severe @entity2 . Four hundred and thirty nine @entity0 with @entity3 and 152 subjects with normal cognition (NC) were recruited from multiple centers in Korea, known as the Clinical Research Center for @entity3 of South Korea (CREDOS), since November 2005. The @entity2 were rated using the scale that had been developed by the CREDOS study. @entity3 @entity0 with minimal @entity2 were considered to have @entity2 ( @entity2 ) without @entity2 ( @entity2 - @entity2 : 325), and those with severe @entity2 were considered to have Subcortical @entity4 (SIVD: 50) or @entity2 with severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Comparisons of @entity5 allelic prevalence were performed using chi-square analysis. The @entity5 allele was more prevalent in those with @entity2 than in those with SIVD and NC (p < 0.001). It was not more prevalent in those with SIVD than in those with NC (p = 0.169). @entity5 allele status in @entity2 + @entity2 did not differ from that in @entity2 - @entity2 (p = 0.625). The @entity5 allele was more prevalent in those with @entity2 than in those with SIVD. @entity5 may not be associated with SIVD although it is one of the vascular risk factors.

title: @entity5 allele status in korean XXXX @entity0 with severe @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Few studies have investigated the @entity5 ( @entity5 )   4 allele status of @entity3 @entity0 with severe @entity1 ( @entity2 ). In this study, we aimed to characterize the @entity5 epsivlon genotypes and clinical features of @entity3 @entity0 with severe @entity2 . Four hundred and thirty nine @entity0 with @entity3 and 152 subjects with normal cognition (NC) were recruited from multiple centers in Korea, known as the Clinical Research Center for @entity3 of South Korea (CREDOS), since November 2005. The @entity2 were rated using the scale that had been developed by the CREDOS study. @entity3 @entity0 with minimal @entity2 were considered to have @entity2 ( @entity2 ) without @entity2 ( @entity2 - @entity2 : 325), and those with severe @entity2 were considered to have Subcortical @entity4 (SIVD: 50) or @entity2 with severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Comparisons of @entity5 allelic prevalence were performed using chi-square analysis. The @entity5 allele was more prevalent in those with @entity2 than in those with SIVD and NC (p < 0.001). It was not more prevalent in those with SIVD than in those with NC (p = 0.169). @entity5 allele status in @entity2 + @entity2 did not differ from that in @entity2 - @entity2 (p = 0.625). The @entity5 allele was more prevalent in those with @entity2 than in those with SIVD. @entity5 may not be associated with SIVD although it is one of the vascular risk factors.

title: @entity5 allele status in korean @entity3 XXXX with severe @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Between April 1993 and May 1994, 66 @entity0 were treated with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) for the relief of @entity5 obstruction secondary to @entity3 . @entity2 , with a urethral cooling system, employs a balloon catheter and irradiating laser through 360 degrees to produce @entity6 and @entity1 of the prostatic tissue while preserving the urethral mucosa. The procedure was implemented under local topical anesthesia. Baseline AUA Symptom Scores, peak uroflow rates, postvoiding residual urine volumes (PVR), and prostatic volumes were measured before and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. The mean symptom score decreased from 18.8 preoperatively to 9.8, 6.9, 7.4, and 4.8 at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. The mean peak uroflow rate increased from 6.4 mL/sec to 9.1, 11.2, 10.1, and 10.4 mL/sec at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. As for the mean PVR, statistically significant reductions were clearly observed at 3 and 6 months after treatment. However, at 1 and 12 months, the difference was not statistically significant. In follow-up for as long as 12 months after the procedure, 23 of 26 @entity0 (88%) showed an improvement of 50% or more in the AUA Symptom Scores. Of 20 available @entity0 , 12 (60%) showed an improvement of 50% or higher in the peak uroflow rates, and 10 (50%) showed an improvement of 50% or higher in PVR. The mean prostatic volume reductions at 3, 6, and 9 months were 12%, 16%, and 14%, respectively. The serum @entity4 concentration increased to four times the baseline concentration on the 7th day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transurethral balloon laser thermotherapy for symptomatic XXXX : preliminary clinical results.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To document the clinical and neurodevelopmental profiles of a cohort of @entity0 with neonatal-onset @entity8 and to determine the efficacy of current therapy with respect to outcome. METHOD: The clinical, neurologic, and developmental status of six @entity0 was prospectively evaluated during a 15-month period. Previous clinical and biochemical data were ascertained from hospital records to determine longitudinal nutritional status, number of episodes of @entity7 with @entity5 , and developmental performance with respect to age. RESULTS: No deaths resulted from @entity8 since the identification of the oldest @entity0 in the series in 1980. Therapeutic intervention (e.g., gastrostomy tube feeding) resulted in improved nutritional status and possibly contributed to improved survival. All @entity0 had @entity6 , resulting in a significant effect on motor development; however, focal @entity1 and evidence of @entity4 were absent. Mild @entity3 was evident on cranial magnetic resonance imaging in four @entity0 . All @entity0 , including two @entity0 with no significant episodes of @entity7 and normal growth since the neonatal period, had a mild to moderate degree of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that current therapy for neonatal-onset @entity8 is associated with improved survival and nutritional status, and an absence of focal @entity1 . However, @entity6 and @entity2 were still present, even in @entity0 with "optimal" metabolic control. Additional therapeutic advances are required to improve the developmental and cognitive outcome.

title: Neonatal-onset XXXX : neurologic and developmental profiles, and implications for management.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lymphatic system contributes to fluid homeostasis in various tissues. Recent evidence suggests that lymphangiogenesis induced by a @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is associated with blood pressure regulation. Lymph nodes, located along lymphatic pathways, are not only important secondary lymphoid tissues for cancer @entity0 , @entity2 , and immune responses, but are also important for fluid homeostasis. Afferent lymphatics collect lymph from the pre-nodal area and efferent lymphatics drain lymph out of the lymph nodes. However, the difference in mechanical activity between afferent and efferent lymphatics and the effect of a @entity4 on these vessels have not been shown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Changes in mechanical activity of isolated afferent and efferent lymphatics in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and 4-week @entity4 @entity1 in response to increases in intraluminal pressures from 3 to 7   cm @entity5 were measured using video-microscopy. The higher intramural pressure equivalently decreased pumping activity of afferent and efferent lymphatics in @entity4 @entity1 . A @entity4 suppressed the amplitude, ejection fraction, and @entity3 volume of afferent lymphatics, leading to marked reductions in pumping activity. In contrast, the pumping activities of efferent lymphatics were resistant to a @entity4 and were preserved by enhancing the contraction frequency. CONCLUSIONS: A @entity4 differentially modulated the mechanical activity of afferent and efferent collecting lymphatics in @entity1 iliac lymph nodes.

title: A High-Salt Diet Differentially Modulates Mechanical Activity of Afferent and Efferent Collecting Lymphatics in XXXX Iliac Lymph Nodes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The sarcomeres form the molecular motor of the cardiomyocyte and consist of a complex multi-protein of thick and thin filaments which are anchored to the cytoskeleton. The thick filament, composed of @entity5 and associated proteins, and the thin filament composed of actin, tropomyosin and the troponins develop actinmyosin crossbridges which cycle in response to @entity2 resulting in sliding of the filaments and contraction. The thin filament in fixed to the cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton at the Z-disc, a complex of structural and regulatory proteins. A giant protein, @entity6 , provides an external scaffold and regulates passive force in diastole. Both @entity0 and acquired conditions may affect proteins of the sarcomere. @entity0 of the thick and thin filament proteins are the predominant cause of @entity3 . These mutations lead to abnormal sarcomere function, often an enhanced sensitivity to @entity2 , and impaired relaxation. This may result in secondary changes in @entity2 cycling and amplification of @entity4 signaling cascades. Correcting the abnormal function of the sarcomere as well as intervening in later stages of the pathophysiologic cascades may ameliorate disease. In dilated @entity0 in the sarcomere, Z-disc, @entity2 regulatory and cytoskeletal proteins as well as the dystrophin complex may be causal for disease. In @entity1 , disturbances in post-translational modifications of the sarcomere my also play a prominent role. Experimental models indicate that altered phosphorylation of sarcomeric proteins may impair systolic and diastolic function as well as the response to heart rate and afterload. Thus correcting these post-translational changes are legitimate targets for future therapeutic strategies for @entity1 .

title: Molecular mechanisms of sarcomere dysfunction in dilated and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence, treatment, and outcomes of @entity1 of the nose and paranasal sinuses over the last 15 years. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of 20 @entity0 identified and treated at the otolaryngology clinic of Zurich University Hospital between 1992 and 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Recurrence- and disease-free survival were the most important outcomes of interest. RESULTS: Twenty @entity0 (16 @entity0 ) with sinonasal @entity1 were found. The average age was 64 years. At the time of diagnosis, usually more than one sinus was involved and nasal obstruction was the most common symptom. In 57.9% of @entity0 , the initial treatment was endoscopic surgery. Two-year recurrence-free survival was 48.5%, and 5-year disease-specific survival was 77.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection is difficult owing to anatomic restraints, and adjuvant therapy must be considered in most @entity0 . Endoscopic surgery was performed in a majority of @entity0 , with outcomes comparable to those in the general literature. SIGNIFICANCE: @entity1 of the paranasal sinuses was found to have almost 80% 5-year survival if adequately treated surgically and with adjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

title: XXXX and paranasal sinuses: single-institution review of diagnosis, histology, and outcome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effect of graciloplasty using two different gracilis encircled loops for the treatment of @entity1 after anoplasty for imperforate anus. METHODS: From January 2009 to January 2012, 38 @entity0 were treated by graciloplasty. The @entity0 were randomly divided into two groups, one group consisting of 18 cases underwent the "y-loop" and the other group consisting of 20 cases underwent the "  -loop." All @entity0 underwent postoperative defecation training and regular follow-up. All @entity0 were evaluated via Wexner score and anal manometry (including anal resting pressure, anal maximal squeeze pressure, duration of anal squeeze, and rectal maximum tolerable volume) before and after graciloplasty. In addition, it was assessed whether the @entity0 had difficulty defecating while squatting after surgery. RESULTS: The surgeries on the 38 @entity0 were accomplished successfully. There were no differences in postoperative complications between the two groups (P   >   0.05). The Wexner score and anal manometry parameters of the two groups were gradually improved after operation. The generalized estimating equation results of the Wexner score indicated that the difference of measurement time was statistically significant (P   <   0.05) but the difference of measurement group was not statistically significant (P   >   0.05). The results of anal manometry parameters using repeated measures ANOVA indicated that differences between different time points were statistically significant (all P   <   0.05) but differences between different surgery groups were not statistically significant (all P   >   0.05). Regarding the postoperative defecating @entity2 while squatting, the probability of occurrence in the "y-loop" group was significantly higher than that in the "  -loop" group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Graciloplasty with different gracilis loops can improve anal function in @entity0 . However, "  -loop" can significantly improve @entity2 in defecating while squatting.

title: Two different gracilis loops in graciloplasty of XXXX : comparison of the therapeutic effects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Angiogenesis in the porcine heart can be induced by @entity2 following @entity3 . This process is characterised by increased numbers of monocytes/macrophages, known to be potent producers of various mitogens such as insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and interleukins (IL). The aim of the study was to examine gene expression of these factors by means of northern blot hybridisation, slot blot analysis, and in situ hybridisation in a porcine model of coronary angiogenesis. METHODS: Experimental ischaemia and subsequent focal @entity1 were induced by selective injection of 25 microns microspheres into the left circumflex artery. The hearts were excised after 3-168 h of microembolisation, and tissue was collected from a non-ischaemic control area and the circumflex region of the same heart for further analysis. RESULTS: @entity4 was constitutively transcribed in normal porcine myocardium mainly by myocytes. Following microembolisation, @entity4 mRNA expression was significantly increased in the experimental region (1.8-fold) after 72 h and to a lesser extent after 168 h. In the ischaemic region, characterised by capillary sprouting, numerous mononuclear cells contained @entity4 mRNA. In contrast, @entity9 mRNA levels, constitutively produced by porcine myocytes, were not altered by microembolisation. @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity8 mRNA expression was undetectable in our animal model, whereas @entity5 was constitutively transcribed in normal and ischaemic heart and remained insensitive to microembolisation and focal @entity1 . CONCLUSION: After microembolisation, increased @entity4 mRNA expression occurred by infiltrating monocytes in areas of microsphere induced focal @entity1 , where capillary sprouting can be detected, suggesting that @entity4 is involved in @entity0 linked angiogenic processes.

title: Insulin-like growth factor I is involved in XXXX linked angiogenic processes after microembolisation in porcine heart.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mortality figures become available after some years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the World Health Organization mortality and population data, we estimated numbers of @entity3 in 2011 from all @entity2 and selected sites for the European Union (EU) and six major countries, by fitting a joinpoint model to 5-year age-specific numbers of @entity3 . Age-standardized rates were computed using EUROSTAT population estimates. RESULTS: The predicted number of @entity2 @entity3 in the EU in 2011 was 1,281,436, with standardized rates of 143/100,000 @entity0 and 85/100,000 @entity0 . Poland had the highest rates, with smaller falls over recent periods. Declines in mortality for major sites including stomach, colorectum, breast, uterus, prostate and @entity5 , plus @entity1 , will continue until 2011, and a trend reversal or a leveling off is predicted where upward trends were previously observed. @entity1 rates are increasing in all major EU countries except the UK, where it is the first cause of @entity2 death, as now in Poland. The increasing @entity4 trends in @entity0 observed up to 2004 have likely leveled off. CONCLUSIONS: Despite falls in rates, absolute numbers of @entity2 @entity3 are stable in Europe. The gap between Western and former nonmarket economy countries will likely persist.

title: XXXX mortality predictions for the year 2011.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were collected from 24 @entity0 who were treated with high dose @entity8 . Studied @entity0 included one with @entity3 , 4 with @entity9 ( @entity9 ), 1 with @entity7 , 13 with @entity2 , 1 with @entity1 , 2 with @entity5 , and 4 with @entity1 . @entity8 was infused at a dose of 500 mg/m2 for 4 days, followed by subcutaneous injection of recombinant @entity0 @entity4 from the nadir of leukocyte. PBSC were collected by processing 15-20 liters of blood apheresis in the recovery phase of chemotherapy. In all @entity0 , the number of CFU-GM collected per aphereresis ranged from 0.01 to 59.4 x 10(5)/kg, and more than 5 x 10(5)/kg CFU-GM were collected in 19 of the @entity0 (73%). All @entity6 @entity0 treated along with our protocols have remained in complete remission, but one @entity0 with @entity9 relapsed within 1 month after the treatment. @entity2 @entity0 were assessable for antitumor effect, and complete response (CR) was observed in 2, partial response (PR) was 7, and no change (NC) in one @entity0 . Two @entity0 with @entity5 were classified to be NC. Three of the 4 @entity0 with @entity1 were PR, and the other one was NC. Eleven @entity0 subsequently underwent PBSCT. The number of days required to achieve an absolute granulocyte count of 0.5 x 10(9)/l was 7 to 11 days, with a mean of 8.6.

title: [Peripheral blood stem cell collection with high dose XXXX ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: The current study assesses hepatic and intestinal glucuronidation, sulfation, and @entity7 (P450) metabolism of @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity5 using different in vitro systems. The fraction metabolized by conjugation and P450 metabolism was estimated in liver and intestine, and the importance of multiple metabolic pathways on accuracy of clearance prediction was assessed. In vitro intrinsic sulfation clearance (CL(int, SULT)) was determined in @entity0 intestinal and hepatic cytosol and compared with hepatic and intestinal microsomal glucuronidation (CL(int, @entity6 )) and P450 clearance (CL(int, @entity8 )) expressed per gram of tissue. Hepatic and intestinal cytosolic scaling factors of 80.7 mg/g liver and 18 mg/g intestine were estimated from published data. Scaled CL(int, SULT) ranged between 0.7 and 11.4 ml    @entity2 )    g(-1) liver and 0.1 and 3.3 ml    @entity2 )    g(-1) intestine ( @entity3 and @entity4 were the extremes). @entity3 was the only compound with a high extent of sulfation (51 and 28% of total CL(int) for liver and intestine, respectively) and also significant renal clearance (26-57% of observed plasma clearance). In contrast, the clearance of @entity4 was largely accounted for by glucuronidation. Drugs metabolized by multiple pathways ( @entity1 and @entity5 ) demonstrated improved prediction of intravenous clearance using data from all hepatic pathways (44-86% of observed clearance) compared with predictions based only on the primary pathway (22-36%). The assumption of no intestinal first pass resulted in underprediction of oral clearance for @entity1 , @entity5 , and @entity4 (3-22% of observed, respectively). Accounting for the intestinal contribution to oral clearance via estimated intestinal availability improved prediction accuracy for @entity1 and @entity5 (within 2.5-fold of observed). Current findings emphasize the importance of both hepatic and intestinal conjugation for in vitro-in vivo extrapolation of metabolic clearance.

title: Prediction of XXXX drug clearance by multiple metabolic pathways: integration of hepatic and intestinal microsomal and cytosolic data.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The exact time frame of @entity8 -induced immunosuppression and the immune mechanisms mediating transition to @entity3 are largely unknown. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 69 @entity0 with @entity8 within the first 24h from injury and from 36 healthy volunteers and stimulated for cytokine production. Circulating endotoxins were measured by the kinetic LAL assay. Measurements were repeated the first 24h of @entity3 onset. @entity0 had defective responses for @entity1 necrosis factor-alpha ( @entity4 ), @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity5 (IFNy) using a broad-panel of bacterial stimuli. Production of IFNy was pronounced for @entity0 with @entity2 -related @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Thirty-six @entity0 developed @entity3 . At that time, production of @entity4 was increased compared to baseline. The increase was greater among non-survivors than among survivors. Enhanced @entity4 production on @entity3 onset was a main finding of @entity0 without @entity10 . Immunosuppression of both innate and adaptive cytokine responses appears as early as the first 24h from injury. Transition into @entity3 due to bacterial superinfection is accompanied by enhanced production of @entity4 and this is linked with unfavorable outcome.

title: Defective cytokine production early after @entity8 : Modulation in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The exact time frame of @entity8 -induced immunosuppression and the immune mechanisms mediating transition to @entity3 are largely unknown. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 69 @entity0 with @entity8 within the first 24h from injury and from 36 healthy volunteers and stimulated for cytokine production. Circulating endotoxins were measured by the kinetic LAL assay. Measurements were repeated the first 24h of @entity3 onset. @entity0 had defective responses for @entity1 necrosis factor-alpha ( @entity4 ), @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity5 (IFNy) using a broad-panel of bacterial stimuli. Production of IFNy was pronounced for @entity0 with @entity2 -related @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Thirty-six @entity0 developed @entity3 . At that time, production of @entity4 was increased compared to baseline. The increase was greater among non-survivors than among survivors. Enhanced @entity4 production on @entity3 onset was a main finding of @entity0 without @entity10 . Immunosuppression of both innate and adaptive cytokine responses appears as early as the first 24h from injury. Transition into @entity3 due to bacterial superinfection is accompanied by enhanced production of @entity4 and this is linked with unfavorable outcome.

title: Defective cytokine production early after XXXX : Modulation in @entity3 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: The identification of @entity1 for targeted antineoplastic therapies requires accurate measurement of therapeutic targets and associated signaling complexes. @entity8 signaling through heterodimerization is an important growth-promoting mechanism in several @entity2 types and may be a principal resistance mechanism by which @entity4 and @entity7 expressing @entity2 elude targeted therapies. Current methods that can study these interactions are inadequate for @entity3 -fixed, @entity6 -embedded (FFPE) @entity2 samples. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Herein, we describe a panel of proximity-directed assays capable of measuring protein-interactions and phosphorylation in FFPE samples in the @entity8 / @entity9 / @entity5 pathway and examine the capability of these assays to inform on the functional state of the pathway. We used FFPE @entity0 cell line and @entity2 models for this study. In @entity0 cell lines we observe both ligand-dependent and independent activation of the pathway and strong correlations between measured activation of key analytes. When selected cell lines are treated with @entity7 inhibitors, we not only observe the expected molecular effects based on mechanism of action knowledge, but also novel effects of @entity7 inhibition on key targets in the HER receptor pathway. Significantly, in a xenograft model of delayed @entity2 fixation, @entity8 phosphorylation is unstable, while alternate measures of pathway activation, such as formation of the HER3PI3K complex is preserved. Measurements in @entity0 samples showed correlations between @entity8 phosphorylation and receptor interactions, obviating the need to use phosphorylation as a surrogate for @entity8 activation. SIGNIFICANCE: This assay system is capable of quantitatively measuring therapeutically relevant responses and enables molecular profiling of receptor networks in both preclinical and @entity2 models.

title: Profiling the XXXX / @entity9 pathway in @entity0 using proximity-directed assays identifies correlations between protein complexes and phosphoproteins.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: The identification of @entity1 for targeted antineoplastic therapies requires accurate measurement of therapeutic targets and associated signaling complexes. @entity8 signaling through heterodimerization is an important growth-promoting mechanism in several @entity2 types and may be a principal resistance mechanism by which @entity4 and @entity7 expressing @entity2 elude targeted therapies. Current methods that can study these interactions are inadequate for @entity3 -fixed, @entity6 -embedded (FFPE) @entity2 samples. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Herein, we describe a panel of proximity-directed assays capable of measuring protein-interactions and phosphorylation in FFPE samples in the @entity8 / @entity9 / @entity5 pathway and examine the capability of these assays to inform on the functional state of the pathway. We used FFPE @entity0 cell line and @entity2 models for this study. In @entity0 cell lines we observe both ligand-dependent and independent activation of the pathway and strong correlations between measured activation of key analytes. When selected cell lines are treated with @entity7 inhibitors, we not only observe the expected molecular effects based on mechanism of action knowledge, but also novel effects of @entity7 inhibition on key targets in the HER receptor pathway. Significantly, in a xenograft model of delayed @entity2 fixation, @entity8 phosphorylation is unstable, while alternate measures of pathway activation, such as formation of the HER3PI3K complex is preserved. Measurements in @entity0 samples showed correlations between @entity8 phosphorylation and receptor interactions, obviating the need to use phosphorylation as a surrogate for @entity8 activation. SIGNIFICANCE: This assay system is capable of quantitatively measuring therapeutically relevant responses and enables molecular profiling of receptor networks in both preclinical and @entity2 models.

title: Profiling the @entity8 / @entity9 pathway in XXXX using proximity-directed assays identifies correlations between protein complexes and phosphoproteins.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The identification of @entity1 for targeted antineoplastic therapies requires accurate measurement of therapeutic targets and associated signaling complexes. @entity8 signaling through heterodimerization is an important growth-promoting mechanism in several @entity2 types and may be a principal resistance mechanism by which @entity4 and @entity7 expressing @entity2 elude targeted therapies. Current methods that can study these interactions are inadequate for @entity3 -fixed, @entity6 -embedded (FFPE) @entity2 samples. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Herein, we describe a panel of proximity-directed assays capable of measuring protein-interactions and phosphorylation in FFPE samples in the @entity8 / @entity9 / @entity5 pathway and examine the capability of these assays to inform on the functional state of the pathway. We used FFPE @entity0 cell line and @entity2 models for this study. In @entity0 cell lines we observe both ligand-dependent and independent activation of the pathway and strong correlations between measured activation of key analytes. When selected cell lines are treated with @entity7 inhibitors, we not only observe the expected molecular effects based on mechanism of action knowledge, but also novel effects of @entity7 inhibition on key targets in the HER receptor pathway. Significantly, in a xenograft model of delayed @entity2 fixation, @entity8 phosphorylation is unstable, while alternate measures of pathway activation, such as formation of the HER3PI3K complex is preserved. Measurements in @entity0 samples showed correlations between @entity8 phosphorylation and receptor interactions, obviating the need to use phosphorylation as a surrogate for @entity8 activation. SIGNIFICANCE: This assay system is capable of quantitatively measuring therapeutically relevant responses and enables molecular profiling of receptor networks in both preclinical and @entity2 models.

title: Profiling the @entity8 / XXXX pathway in @entity0 using proximity-directed assays identifies correlations between protein complexes and phosphoproteins.

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: p53 protein has been reported as frequently overexpressed in esophageal and @entity2 . However, the correlation between p53 protein expression and clinico-pathological features of the @entity0 is debated in this heterogeneous group of @entity0 . The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of p53 protein overexpression in a series of resected @entity4 (n = 78), @entity3 developed on Barrett's esophagus (n = 20), @entity3 (n = 36), and @entity3 of the antrum (n = 30), and to correlate this expression with the clinico-pathological and flow-cytometric characteristics of the @entity0 . METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed on frozen sections with a monoclonal antibody directed against wild type and mutated p53 protein (Pab 1801). An adjacent frozen specimen was used for flow cytometric determination of the DNA-ploidy and S phase fraction. RESULTS: p53 protein nuclear expression was detected in 76% of @entity4 , in 75% of @entity3 developed in Barretts esophagus, in 56% of @entity3 , and in 27% of @entity3 of the antrum. Only the number of positive @entity3 of the antrum was significantly lower when compared to the other three types of @entity0 (p = 0.001). No significant correlation was observed between p53 protein expression and most of the clinico-pathological and flow-cytometric parameters (sex, age, @entity1 smoking, chronic alcohol consumption, size of the @entity0 , grade of differentiation, depth of infiltration, presence of lymph node metastases, UICC stage, DNA-ploidy, S phase fraction). p53 protein expression was more frequent in Lauren's intestinal @entity3 (67%) when compared to the @entity0 (24%) (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that overexpression of p53 protein is a common feature of esophageal and @entity2 . The high prevalence of p53 protein overexpression found in cardiac @entity3 when compared to antral @entity3 reinforces the hypothesis of distinct carcinogenetic mechanisms in these two @entity0 . In particular the lack of correlation between p53 expression and @entity0 stage suggests that p53 protein overexpression is an early event in these @entity0 .

title: Overexpression of the p53 @entity0 suppressor gene product in esophageal and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: p53 protein has been reported as frequently overexpressed in esophageal and @entity2 . However, the correlation between p53 protein expression and clinico-pathological features of the @entity0 is debated in this heterogeneous group of @entity0 . The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of p53 protein overexpression in a series of resected @entity4 (n = 78), @entity3 developed on Barrett's esophagus (n = 20), @entity3 (n = 36), and @entity3 of the antrum (n = 30), and to correlate this expression with the clinico-pathological and flow-cytometric characteristics of the @entity0 . METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed on frozen sections with a monoclonal antibody directed against wild type and mutated p53 protein (Pab 1801). An adjacent frozen specimen was used for flow cytometric determination of the DNA-ploidy and S phase fraction. RESULTS: p53 protein nuclear expression was detected in 76% of @entity4 , in 75% of @entity3 developed in Barretts esophagus, in 56% of @entity3 , and in 27% of @entity3 of the antrum. Only the number of positive @entity3 of the antrum was significantly lower when compared to the other three types of @entity0 (p = 0.001). No significant correlation was observed between p53 protein expression and most of the clinico-pathological and flow-cytometric parameters (sex, age, @entity1 smoking, chronic alcohol consumption, size of the @entity0 , grade of differentiation, depth of infiltration, presence of lymph node metastases, UICC stage, DNA-ploidy, S phase fraction). p53 protein expression was more frequent in Lauren's intestinal @entity3 (67%) when compared to the @entity0 (24%) (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that overexpression of p53 protein is a common feature of esophageal and @entity2 . The high prevalence of p53 protein overexpression found in cardiac @entity3 when compared to antral @entity3 reinforces the hypothesis of distinct carcinogenetic mechanisms in these two @entity0 . In particular the lack of correlation between p53 expression and @entity0 stage suggests that p53 protein overexpression is an early event in these @entity0 .

title: Overexpression of the p53 XXXX suppressor gene product in esophageal and @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the intrinsic death pathway, @entity4 (CC) released from mitochondria to the cytosol triggers @entity3 apoptosome formation and subsequent caspase activation. This process can be recapitulated using recombinant @entity3 and CC in the presence of @entity2 @entity1 or @entity6 [(d) @entity1 ] or using fresh cytosol and CC without the need of exogenous @entity2 . Surprisingly, we found that stored cytosols failed to support CC-initiated caspase activation. Storage of cytosols at different temperatures led to the loss of all (deoxy) @entity2 including (d) @entity1 . Addition of @entity6 to such stored cytosols partially restored CC-initiated caspase activation. Nevertheless, CC could not induce complete @entity5 /3 activation in stored cytosols, even with the addition of @entity6 , despite robust @entity3 oligomerization. The @entity3 apoptosome, which functions as a proteolytic-based molecular timer appeared to be defective as auto-processing of recruited procaspase-9 was inhibited. Far Western analysis revealed that procaspase-9 directly interacted with @entity3 and this interaction was reduced in the presence of physiological levels of @entity1 . Co-incubation of recombinant @entity3 and procaspase-9 prior to CC and @entity1 addition inhibited CC-induced caspase activity. These findings suggest that in the absence of @entity0 such as @entity1 , direct association of procaspase-9 with @entity3 leads to defective molecular timer, and thus, inhibits apoptosome-mediated caspase activation. Altogether, our results provide novel insight on @entity0 regulation of apoptosome.

title: Defective molecular timer in the absence of XXXX leads to inefficient caspase activation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Facial @entity1 from @entity2 or @entity6 can significantly affect lip strength and function. Lip @entity1 may result in articulation difficulties and spillage of food, both of which are socially and functionally disruptive for @entity0 . There are few quantitative data on the effect of @entity5 on lip strength. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the effect of @entity5 and @entity6 on lip strength and evaluate the effectiveness of targeted lip injection augmentation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Analysis of @entity0 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between January 1, 2008, and July 31, 2014, presenting for treatment of @entity4 due to @entity5 and @entity6 was prospectively undertaken. @entity0 who had undergone direct surgical lip procedures were excluded. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Lip pressure measurements, anterior bolus spillage, and articulation of bilabial sounds before and after treatment were assessed by a single speech pathologist. Lip pressures were measured with the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity0 with unilateral @entity5 were evaluated for this study. Three @entity0 with @entity6 were also evaluated. In unilateral @entity5 , central lip strength was reduced in all @entity0 compared with sex-corrected normative data (mean [SD] central lip strength, 5.5   [2.5] kPa in females and 9.6   [4.6] kPa in males). Compared with the nonparalyzed side, labial strength on the paralyzed sided was reduced by 69%. After injection augmentation of the paralyzed side, labial strength improved across the entire lip. Mean lip strength improved by 0.7-fold in the central lip from 5.60 to 9.30 kPa (P   =   .009), by 1.4-fold on the paralyzed side from 2.2 to 5.33 kPa (P   =   .006), and by 0.4-fold on the unaffected side from 7.11 to 9.56 kPa (P   =   .12). Lip strength in the 3 @entity0 with @entity6 were uniformly reduced across the entire lip and improved by 6- to 7-fold after injection augmentation. All @entity0 were noted by the speech pathologist to have improved articulation of plosive sounds and @entity3 after the injection. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Labial strength is reduced across the lip in @entity0 with unilateral @entity5 . The Iowa Oral Performance Instrument is an effective tool for measuring labial strength and can be use to evaluate the effectiveness of facial reanimation procedures. Injection augmentation of the lip is a simple and effective means of improving labial strength, bilabial sounds, and @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity6 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Quantifying Labial Strength and Function in XXXX : Effect of Targeted Lip Injection Augmentation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of insulin resistance (IR) in @entity2 models of @entity3 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is characterized by progressive accumulation of inflammatory macrophages and subpopulations of T cells in the visceral adipose. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) may play a critical role in modulating tissue @entity4 via their interactions with both adaptive and innate immune mechanisms. We hypothesized that an imbalance in Tregs is a critical determinant of adipose @entity4 and investigated the role of Tregs in IR/ @entity3 through coordinated studies in @entity2 and @entity0 . METHODS AND FINDINGS: @entity6 -green fluorescent protein (GFP) "knock-in" @entity2 were randomized to a high-fat diet intervention for a duration of 12 weeks to induce DIO/IR. Morbidly obese @entity0 without overt type 2 @entity1 (n=13) and lean controls (n=7) were recruited prospectively for assessment of @entity4 . DIO resulted in increased CD3(+)CD4(+), and CD3(+)CD8(+) cells in visceral adipose with a striking decrease in visceral adipose Tregs. Treg numbers in visceral adipose inversely correlated with @entity10 (+) @entity8 (+) adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). Splenic Treg numbers were increased with up-regulation of homing receptors @entity5 and @entity9 and marker of activation @entity7 . In-vitro differentiation assays showed an inhibition of Treg differentiation in response to conditioned media from inflammatory macrophages. @entity0 visceral adipose in morbid @entity3 was characterized by an increase in @entity8 (+) ATMs and a decrease in @entity6 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our experiments indicate that @entity3 in @entity2 and @entity0 results in adipose Treg depletion. These changes appear to occur via reduced local differentiation rather than impaired homing. Our findings implicate a role for Tregs as determinants of adipose @entity4 .

title: @entity4 in XXXX is associated with critical alterations in tregulatory cell numbers.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of insulin resistance (IR) in @entity2 models of @entity3 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is characterized by progressive accumulation of inflammatory macrophages and subpopulations of T cells in the visceral adipose. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) may play a critical role in modulating tissue @entity4 via their interactions with both adaptive and innate immune mechanisms. We hypothesized that an imbalance in Tregs is a critical determinant of adipose @entity4 and investigated the role of Tregs in IR/ @entity3 through coordinated studies in @entity2 and @entity0 . METHODS AND FINDINGS: @entity6 -green fluorescent protein (GFP) "knock-in" @entity2 were randomized to a high-fat diet intervention for a duration of 12 weeks to induce DIO/IR. Morbidly obese @entity0 without overt type 2 @entity1 (n=13) and lean controls (n=7) were recruited prospectively for assessment of @entity4 . DIO resulted in increased CD3(+)CD4(+), and CD3(+)CD8(+) cells in visceral adipose with a striking decrease in visceral adipose Tregs. Treg numbers in visceral adipose inversely correlated with @entity10 (+) @entity8 (+) adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). Splenic Treg numbers were increased with up-regulation of homing receptors @entity5 and @entity9 and marker of activation @entity7 . In-vitro differentiation assays showed an inhibition of Treg differentiation in response to conditioned media from inflammatory macrophages. @entity0 visceral adipose in morbid @entity3 was characterized by an increase in @entity8 (+) ATMs and a decrease in @entity6 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our experiments indicate that @entity3 in @entity2 and @entity0 results in adipose Treg depletion. These changes appear to occur via reduced local differentiation rather than impaired homing. Our findings implicate a role for Tregs as determinants of adipose @entity4 .

title: XXXX in @entity3 is associated with critical alterations in tregulatory cell numbers.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) represents a spectrum of pathologies with progressive compression of the spinal cord. The clinical signs and symptoms play a key role in diagnosis. The characteristic hand @entity1 signs are of significant clinical importance. The aim of this descriptive study was to report a relatively easy to elicit new hand @entity1 sign. The basis for this is finger and wrist flexor disinhibition, which is used for the spinal specificity of @entity3 at or above the C5/6 level. METHODS: The new clinical test was conducted in 68 @entity0 with a mean age of 62 (range 54-68) years. The @entity0 were divided into two groups according to their level of @entity2 . Group 1 (n is 58) @entity0 had @entity2 at or above the C5/6 level, while Group 2 (n is 10) @entity0 had @entity2 at or below the C6/7 level. All these @entity0 were clinically evaluated and their level of @entity2 was confirmed using magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: The Wazir sign was observed and well reproducible in 54 (93%) @entity0 (Group 1); the @entity1 signs of three @entity0 were positive (Hoffman's sign, finger escape and ten-second test). In Group 2, the Wazir sign was not reproducible, but the @entity1 signs were also positive in three @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The Wazir hand @entity1 sign was found to be consistently present in our @entity0 , in addition to the other hand @entity1 signs.

title: New clinical sign of cervical @entity1 : Wazir hand XXXX sign.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) represents a spectrum of pathologies with progressive compression of the spinal cord. The clinical signs and symptoms play a key role in diagnosis. The characteristic hand @entity1 signs are of significant clinical importance. The aim of this descriptive study was to report a relatively easy to elicit new hand @entity1 sign. The basis for this is finger and wrist flexor disinhibition, which is used for the spinal specificity of @entity3 at or above the C5/6 level. METHODS: The new clinical test was conducted in 68 @entity0 with a mean age of 62 (range 54-68) years. The @entity0 were divided into two groups according to their level of @entity2 . Group 1 (n is 58) @entity0 had @entity2 at or above the C5/6 level, while Group 2 (n is 10) @entity0 had @entity2 at or below the C6/7 level. All these @entity0 were clinically evaluated and their level of @entity2 was confirmed using magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: The Wazir sign was observed and well reproducible in 54 (93%) @entity0 (Group 1); the @entity1 signs of three @entity0 were positive (Hoffman's sign, finger escape and ten-second test). In Group 2, the Wazir sign was not reproducible, but the @entity1 signs were also positive in three @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The Wazir hand @entity1 sign was found to be consistently present in our @entity0 , in addition to the other hand @entity1 signs.

title: New clinical sign of cervical XXXX : Wazir hand @entity1 sign.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The ability of leucocytes to adhere to endothelium is essential for leucocyte migration into inflammatory sites. Some of these adhesion molecules are released from the cell surface and can be detected in serum. The soluble adhesion molecules @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity7 , and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) were studied in the serum of @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity3 , and healthy controls. A second blood sample was taken from @entity0 with @entity5 after one month of treatment and a third two months after remission was achieved. Tissue expression of the same adhesion molecules was studied by immunohistology. Circulating @entity8 concentrations were significantly higher in @entity0 with active @entity3 (n = 11, median = 165 U/ml) compared with @entity0 with inactive @entity3 (n = 10, median = 117 U/ml, p < 0.005), active @entity2 (n = 12, median = 124 U/ml, p < 0.02), and controls (n = 90, median = 50 U/ml, p < 0.0001). Within each disease group there were no significant differences in @entity7 or @entity6 concentrations between the active and inactive states, however, @entity0 with active @entity2 had significantly higher @entity6 concentrations (n = 12, median = 273 ng/ml) than controls (n = 28, median = 168, p < 0.003). @entity8 concentrations fell significantly from pretreatment values to remission in active @entity3 (p < 0.01). In @entity2 there was a significant fall in @entity6 both during treatment (p < 0.01) and two months after remission (p < 0.02). Vascular expression of @entity6 occurred more often and was more intense in inflamed tissue sections from @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 than from controls. Vascular labelling with antibody to @entity7 also occurred more often in @entity0 with active @entity1 . In conclusion, increased circulating concentrations of selected adhesion molecules are associated with @entity1 . There is also evidence of local upregulation, particularly of @entity6 . Differential expression of adhesion molecules in tissue may play a part in the initiation of leucocyte migration and local @entity4 ; the function of circulating adhesion molecules is unknown, but may play a physiological part in blocking adhesion.

title: Adhesion molecules in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 is a food-borne pathogen of significant threat to public health. @entity0 ( @entity0 ) treatment can be used to control @entity2 in food. The CtsR (class three stress gene repressor) protein negatively regulates the expression of class III heat shock genes. A spontaneous pressure-tolerant ctsR mutant 2-1 that was able to survive under @entity0 treatment has been identified previously. So far, there is only limited information about the mechanisms of survival and adaptation of this mutant to high pressure. Microarray technology was used to monitor the gene expression profiles of the ctsR mutant 2-1 under @entity0 treatment. Compared to pressure-treated @entity2 Scott A wild type, 17 genes were up-regulated (>2-fold increase) in the ctsR mutant 2-1, whereas 58 genes were down-regulated (<-2-fold decrease). The entire clpC operon was up-regulated in the ctsR mutant 2-1, indicating that the mutant CtsR protein was not a functional repressor. The increased levels of expression of stress-related genes in ctsR mutant 2-1 may contribute to its survival under high pressure. The reduced expression levels of the genes related to virulence, flagella synthesis, and cell division in the ctsR mutant 2-1 correlate with its characteristics (elongated cells, reduced virulence, and @entity1 ). The gene expression changes determined by microarray assays were confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR analyses. This study enhances our understanding of how @entity2 survives under @entity0 and may contribute to the design of effective and economically feasible @entity0 treatment in food processing.

title: Gene expression profiling of a pressure-tolerant XXXX Scott A ctsR deletion mutant.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Contraction-induced activation of a skeletal muscle specific @entity1 and calmodulin dependent myosin light chain kinase (skMLCK) catalyzes phosphorylation of the @entity3 , a reaction that potentiates twitch force. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of skMLCK gene ablation on the fatigability of @entity0 extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle (in vitro at 25  C). Muscles were isolated from wildtype (WT, n = 10-12) and skeletal @entity2 knockout (skMLCK KO, n = 10-12) @entity0 and fatigued using a protocol consisting of 5 min of repeated tetanic stimulation (150 Hz for 1000 ms every 5 s). Both twitch (P(t)) and tetanic (P(o)) force as well as unloaded shortening velocity (V(o)) were assessed before, during and after fatiguing stimulation. Fatiguing stimulation increased @entity3 phosphorylation in WT but not skMLCK KO muscles (16    0.01-0.63    0.02 and 0.07    0.02-0.08    0.02 mol phos mol @entity3 , respectively). Although P(t) was potentiated above baseline in both WT and KO muscles, this increase was greater in WT than in KO muscles (to 1.37    0.05 vs. 1.14    0.02 of unpotentiated values, respectively). The difference in P(t) persisted until P(o) had been diminished to ~60% of baseline and thereafter P(t) declined to similar levels in both WT and KO muscles (to ~35% of initial). Overall, the time-course and decline in P(o) for WT and KO was similar (reduced to 0.20    0.01 and 0.20    0.01 of baseline, respectively) (P < 0.05). Initial values for V(o) were similar between WT and KO muscles and, moreover, the fatigue related decline in Vo was similar for both muscle genotypes (P < 0.05). Thus, our results demonstrate that skMLCK--catalyzed @entity3 phosphorylation augments isometric twitch force during moderate, but not severe, levels of fatigue.

title: The effect of skeletal myosin light chain kinase gene ablation on the fatigability of XXXX fast muscle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Autologous peripheral-blood progenitor cells can restore @entity3 after high-dose chemotherapy in @entity0 with solid @entity1 or @entity7 . We investigated the ability of peripheral-blood progenitor cells generated ex vivo to restore @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 who have undergone high-dose chemotherapy. METHODS: Ten @entity0 who had received high-dose chemotherapy were given transplants of autologous progenitor cells that had been generated ex vivo. We used 11 million @entity8 + hematopoietic progenitor cells as the starting population for the cell growth. This number corresponds to less than 10 percent of the usual preparation of peripheral-blood @entity8 + mononuclear cells used in leukapheresis. The @entity8 + cells were grown in medium containing autologous plasma, recombinant @entity0 @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity2 , and erythropoietin. RESULTS: No toxic effects were observed with the infusion of the generated cells. The cells promoted a rapid and sustained hemopoietic recovery when transplanted after treatment with high-dose @entity10 (1500 mg per square meter of body-surface area), @entity5 (12 g per square meter), @entity11 (750 mg per square meter), and @entity4 (150 mg per square meter). The pattern of hematopoietic reconstitution was identical to that in historical controls treated with unseparated mononuclear cells or positively selected @entity8 + cells. CONCLUSIONS: A small number of peripheral-blood @entity8 + cells, when grown ex vivo, can supply a population of hematopoietic precursors that have the ability to restore blood formation in @entity0 treated with high doses of chemotherapy. This method, which requires only a small volume of the @entity0 's blood, may reduce the risk of @entity1 -cell contamination, circumvent the need for leukapheresis, and allow repeated cycles of high-dose chemotherapy.

title: Reconstitution of XXXX after high-dose chemotherapy by autologous progenitor cells generated ex vivo.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is defined by a minimum of 15 eosinophils (eos) per @entity7 ( @entity7 ) on esophageal biopsy, along with esophageal symptoms and the exclusion of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The clinical significance of fewer eosinophils is unknown. METHODS: Fifty-nine adult @entity0 without a previous diagnosis of @entity8 with esophageal biopsies containing 1-14 eos per @entity7 (low grade @entity5 ) and 418 adult @entity0 with >= 15 eos per @entity7 were identified by retrospective review. @entity0 were divided into group A (1-9 eos per @entity7 ), group B (10-14 eos per @entity7 ), and group C (>= 15 eos per @entity7 ) with a chart review of clinical and demographic data. RESULTS: While @entity4 and @entity2 ( @entity3 and @entity6 ) were more common in @entity0 with >= 15 eos per @entity7 (group C) than those with low grade esophageal @entity5 (groups A and B) (93 vs. 88%, P  =  0.02), food impaction and heartburn occurred at an equal frequency across all @entity0 groups. Endoscopic findings were likewise similar between groups. Of the 14 @entity0 with low grade esophageal @entity5 who underwent repeat endoscopy a mean interval of 42  weeks (range 8-118  weeks) later, five (36%) met conventional diagnostic criteria for @entity8 of 15 or greater eos per @entity7 . Follow-up in ten @entity0 treated with topical corticosteroids noted improvement in nine, with mean follow-up of 8  weeks (range 4-12  weeks). CONCLUSION: Some adult @entity0 with @entity4 and less than 15 eos per @entity7 have similar endoscopic findings and clinical course to @entity0 meeting the consensus definition of @entity8 . Further evaluation of @entity0 with low grade esophageal @entity5 is needed.

title: Low grade esophageal @entity5 in adults: an unrecognized part of the spectrum of XXXX ?

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is defined by a minimum of 15 eosinophils (eos) per @entity7 ( @entity7 ) on esophageal biopsy, along with esophageal symptoms and the exclusion of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The clinical significance of fewer eosinophils is unknown. METHODS: Fifty-nine adult @entity0 without a previous diagnosis of @entity8 with esophageal biopsies containing 1-14 eos per @entity7 (low grade @entity5 ) and 418 adult @entity0 with >= 15 eos per @entity7 were identified by retrospective review. @entity0 were divided into group A (1-9 eos per @entity7 ), group B (10-14 eos per @entity7 ), and group C (>= 15 eos per @entity7 ) with a chart review of clinical and demographic data. RESULTS: While @entity4 and @entity2 ( @entity3 and @entity6 ) were more common in @entity0 with >= 15 eos per @entity7 (group C) than those with low grade esophageal @entity5 (groups A and B) (93 vs. 88%, P  =  0.02), food impaction and heartburn occurred at an equal frequency across all @entity0 groups. Endoscopic findings were likewise similar between groups. Of the 14 @entity0 with low grade esophageal @entity5 who underwent repeat endoscopy a mean interval of 42  weeks (range 8-118  weeks) later, five (36%) met conventional diagnostic criteria for @entity8 of 15 or greater eos per @entity7 . Follow-up in ten @entity0 treated with topical corticosteroids noted improvement in nine, with mean follow-up of 8  weeks (range 4-12  weeks). CONCLUSION: Some adult @entity0 with @entity4 and less than 15 eos per @entity7 have similar endoscopic findings and clinical course to @entity0 meeting the consensus definition of @entity8 . Further evaluation of @entity0 with low grade esophageal @entity5 is needed.

title: Low grade esophageal XXXX in adults: an unrecognized part of the spectrum of @entity8 ?

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of a hybrid surgical approach of video-assisted minithoracotomy (hybrid VATS) sleeve lobectomy for @entity2 ( @entity2 ), using success rate as the primary end point. METHODS: Between February 1996 and December 2006, @entity0 with @entity1 were prospectively registered to undergo hybrid VATS sleeve resection in a single institution. Hybrid VATS involved performing the main procedures via rib spreading and minithoracotomy using a monitor and direct vision. A successful procedure was defined as a @entity0 who had a sleeve lobectomy via hybrid VATS without conversion to thoracotomy and without significant perioperative morbidity or mortality. RESULTS: A total of 148 @entity0 (108 @entity0 and 40 @entity0 ; median age = 58 years) who underwent hybrid VATS sleeve lobectomy for @entity2 were identified in our database. The median duration of the successfully completed procedures was 190 min (range = 145-305 min). The median length of time of chest tube in place was 3 days (range = 1-12 days). Hybrid VATS sleeve lobectomy was performed successfully in 134 of 148 @entity0 for a success rate of 90.5%. The median follow-up period was 65.1 months (range = 34.5-154.8 months). The overall 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival of all @entity0 were 36.7% (95% CI = 27.9-45.5%) and 54.2% (95% CI = 44.8-63.6%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Hybrid VATS sleeve lobectomy is feasible for selected @entity0 with @entity2 in specialized centers.

title: Long-term outcome of hybrid surgical approach of video-assisted minithoracotomy sleeve lobectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Activation of the phosphoinositide (PI) pathway has been shown to be involved in the compaction of blastomeres in @entity0 embryos and in @entity4 formation in @entity3 and in @entity5 embryos. Here we investigate @entity1 signals in individual blastomeres of @entity5 embryos with the goal to better understand the role of PI and @entity1 signaling for early vertebrate embryogenesis. Initial studies showed that the @entity2 (IP3) concentration increases after the 32-cell stage of development, suggesting that IP3-mediated @entity1 signals may be present during the blastula stage. @entity1 signals were measured by identifying individual cells using confocal imaging of a nuclear localized @entity1 indicator. Using this in situ indicator, changes in @entity1 concentration were measured over several hours in each cell of a series of sections through the developing embryo. Transient increases in @entity1 concentration that lasted 20-50 sec ( @entity1 spikes) were first triggered during the 32- to 128-cell stage in cells of the outer embryonic cell layer. These cells develop epithelial characteristics and specialize into the enveloping layer (EVL). No @entity1 activity was observed during the earlier cleavage cycles or in deep blastomeres. @entity1 spikes remained restricted to the EVL until the end of the blastula stage. @entity1 spikes in neighboring EVL cells often occurred in the same short time interval, indicating that small groups of EVL cells can synchronize their activity. When averaged over several cell cycles, @entity1 activity showed an even distribution in the EVL and did not indicate future polarities.

title: Localized calcium signals in early XXXX development.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Recent experimental and clinical studies suggest that @entity3 -induced angiogenesis may be an important step in the evolution of @entity3 , and may be related to prognosis. In our study we examined 42 cases of @entity0 (mean age: 56.76 +/- 13.5), 21 with lymph node @entity2 and 21 without. Angiogenesis was evaluated after immunohistochemical staining of @entity3 vessels, using polyclonal antibody to factor VIII related antigen (VIIIR-Ag) and counting of the three most active areas of neovascularization. In the same manner we counted the microvessels in lymph node @entity2 . The mean vessel count of node-negative cases (51.16 +/- 19.32) did not differ significantly from node-positive cases (45.66 +/- 17.44). In contrast @entity1 younger than 50 years had much higher mean vessel counts (54.04 +/- 16.47) than did @entity1 older than 70 years (38.03 +/- 16.73) producing a P value of < or = 0.05. No association was found between @entity3 size and mean vessel count, nor was there any significant difference between grade I (45.94 +/- 16.54), grade II (53.13 +/- 23.22) and @entity3 (51.71 +/- 20.64). When we compared the mean vessel count of primary @entity3 with those of node @entity2 , we found much lower counts in the latter (P < or = 0.01). The differences in our results from previous studies, probably reflect the heterogeneity which exists between different @entity3 in their ability to induce angiogenesis. Additionally, there is some evidence in our study that angiogenesis is possibly related to @entity1 age and probably depends on differences in the @entity3 stroma.

title: Angiogenesis in XXXX : is it associated with parameters of prognostic significance?

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Expression of light chain 3 ( @entity6 ), a characteristic marker of autophagy, was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot using a @entity3 ( @entity3 ) model in @entity0 . Electron microscopic analysis was also performed to examine the anatomic formation of autophagy and autophagic cell @entity2 in the injured spinal cord. OBJECTIVE: To examine both biochemically and anatomically the activity of autophagy in the damaged neural tissue after @entity3 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Autophagy is the bulk degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles, and it is involved in a number of diseases. Autophagy can lead to nonapoptotic programmed cell @entity2 , which is called autophagic cell @entity2 . Recent researches have revealed the increased expression of @entity6 and the anatomic formation of autophagy and autophagic cell @entity2 in damaged tissues of @entity1 models. However, previous studies have focused on apoptotic process but not autophagic activity as mechanism of @entity5 after @entity3 . To date, there has been no study to examine the expression of @entity6 and the anatomic formation of autophagy after @entity3 . METHODS: The spinal cord was hemitransected at T10 in adult female C57BL/6J @entity0 . The @entity6 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The anatomic formation of autophagic activity was investigated using electron microscopy. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed that the number of the @entity6 -positive cells significantly increased at the lesion site after hemisection. The increase of @entity6 -positive cells was observed from 4 hours and peaked at 3 days, and it lasted for at least 21 days after hemisection. The @entity6 -positive cells were observed in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the level of @entity6 -II protein expression significantly increased in the injured spinal cord. Electron microscopy showed the formation of autophagic vacuoles to increase in the damaged cells. Furthermore, the nuclei in the transferase-mediated @entity4 nick end labeling-positive cells expressed @entity6 were round, which is consistent with autophagic cell @entity2 , and they were neither shrunken nor fragmented as is observed in apoptotic nuclei. CONCLUSION: This study suggested both biochemically and anatomically that autophagy was clearly activated and autophagic cell @entity2 was induced in the damaged neural tissue after @entity3 .

title: Induction of autophagy and autophagic cell XXXX in damaged neural tissue after acute @entity3 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Expression of light chain 3 ( @entity6 ), a characteristic marker of autophagy, was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot using a @entity3 ( @entity3 ) model in @entity0 . Electron microscopic analysis was also performed to examine the anatomic formation of autophagy and autophagic cell @entity2 in the injured spinal cord. OBJECTIVE: To examine both biochemically and anatomically the activity of autophagy in the damaged neural tissue after @entity3 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Autophagy is the bulk degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles, and it is involved in a number of diseases. Autophagy can lead to nonapoptotic programmed cell @entity2 , which is called autophagic cell @entity2 . Recent researches have revealed the increased expression of @entity6 and the anatomic formation of autophagy and autophagic cell @entity2 in damaged tissues of @entity1 models. However, previous studies have focused on apoptotic process but not autophagic activity as mechanism of @entity5 after @entity3 . To date, there has been no study to examine the expression of @entity6 and the anatomic formation of autophagy after @entity3 . METHODS: The spinal cord was hemitransected at T10 in adult female C57BL/6J @entity0 . The @entity6 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The anatomic formation of autophagic activity was investigated using electron microscopy. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed that the number of the @entity6 -positive cells significantly increased at the lesion site after hemisection. The increase of @entity6 -positive cells was observed from 4 hours and peaked at 3 days, and it lasted for at least 21 days after hemisection. The @entity6 -positive cells were observed in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the level of @entity6 -II protein expression significantly increased in the injured spinal cord. Electron microscopy showed the formation of autophagic vacuoles to increase in the damaged cells. Furthermore, the nuclei in the transferase-mediated @entity4 nick end labeling-positive cells expressed @entity6 were round, which is consistent with autophagic cell @entity2 , and they were neither shrunken nor fragmented as is observed in apoptotic nuclei. CONCLUSION: This study suggested both biochemically and anatomically that autophagy was clearly activated and autophagic cell @entity2 was induced in the damaged neural tissue after @entity3 .

title: Induction of autophagy and autophagic cell @entity2 in damaged neural tissue after acute XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Expression of light chain 3 ( @entity6 ), a characteristic marker of autophagy, was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot using a @entity3 ( @entity3 ) model in @entity0 . Electron microscopic analysis was also performed to examine the anatomic formation of autophagy and autophagic cell @entity2 in the injured spinal cord. OBJECTIVE: To examine both biochemically and anatomically the activity of autophagy in the damaged neural tissue after @entity3 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Autophagy is the bulk degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles, and it is involved in a number of diseases. Autophagy can lead to nonapoptotic programmed cell @entity2 , which is called autophagic cell @entity2 . Recent researches have revealed the increased expression of @entity6 and the anatomic formation of autophagy and autophagic cell @entity2 in damaged tissues of @entity1 models. However, previous studies have focused on apoptotic process but not autophagic activity as mechanism of @entity5 after @entity3 . To date, there has been no study to examine the expression of @entity6 and the anatomic formation of autophagy after @entity3 . METHODS: The spinal cord was hemitransected at T10 in adult female C57BL/6J @entity0 . The @entity6 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The anatomic formation of autophagic activity was investigated using electron microscopy. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed that the number of the @entity6 -positive cells significantly increased at the lesion site after hemisection. The increase of @entity6 -positive cells was observed from 4 hours and peaked at 3 days, and it lasted for at least 21 days after hemisection. The @entity6 -positive cells were observed in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the level of @entity6 -II protein expression significantly increased in the injured spinal cord. Electron microscopy showed the formation of autophagic vacuoles to increase in the damaged cells. Furthermore, the nuclei in the transferase-mediated @entity4 nick end labeling-positive cells expressed @entity6 were round, which is consistent with autophagic cell @entity2 , and they were neither shrunken nor fragmented as is observed in apoptotic nuclei. CONCLUSION: This study suggested both biochemically and anatomically that autophagy was clearly activated and autophagic cell @entity2 was induced in the damaged neural tissue after @entity3 .

title: Induction of autophagy and autophagic cell @entity2 in damaged neural tissue after acute @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To investigate efficacy and safety of second-line treatment with @entity10 -loaded drug-eluting beads (DEBIRI) and cetuximab (DEBIRITUX) of unresectable colorectal liver @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 with the following characteristics were included in the study: unresectable hepatic @entity1 from @entity3 ( @entity3 ), progression after first line chemotherapy (any type of chemotherapeutic drug and combination was allowed), second line treatment (mandatory), which included for each @entity0 (unregarding the @entity7 status) two cycles of DEBIRI (using 100-300  m beads loaded with @entity10 at a total dose 200 mg) followed by 12 cycles of cetuximab that was administered weekly at a first dose of 400 mg/m(2) and then 250 mg/m(2); good performance status (0-2) and liver functionality ( @entity11 aminotransferase and @entity12 transferase not exceeding three times the upper limit of normal, total @entity5 not exceeding 2.5 mg/mL). Data were collected retrospectively and included: @entity2 response (evaluated monthly for 6 mo then every 3 mo), overall response rate (ORR), @entity7 status, type and intensity of adverse events (G according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0, CTCAE), @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and progression free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Forty consecutive cases of CRC hepatic @entity1 were included in the study. Median duration of DEBIRITUX was 4.4 mo (range, 4.0-6.5). Sixteen @entity0 (40%) received the planned 2 cycles of DEBIRI and an average of 10 cetuximab cycles. ORR of the whole sample was 50%, in particular 4 @entity0 were complete responders (10%) and 16 (40%) partial responders. The most observed side effects (G2) were: @entity6 (30%), @entity4 (25%), skin rushes (38%) and @entity9 (35%). The retrospective evaluation of @entity7 status (24 wild type, 16 mutated) showed that the group of @entity0 with wild type @entity7 had ORR significantly higher than mutant @entity7 . Median follow-up was 29 mo (8-48 range); median PFS was 9.8 mo and @entity8 was 20.4 mo. Future randomized trials are required in this setting to establish a role for DEBIRITUX compared with systemic chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: DEBIRITUX seems to be efficacious after first line chemotherapy for the treatment of unresectable @entity3 .

title: Locoregional therapy and systemic cetuximab to treat colorectal liver XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dedifferentiation, a process whereby differentiated cells lose their specialized characteristics and revert to a less differentiated state, plays a key role in the regeneration process in urodele amphibians such as the red spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. Dedifferentiation of fully mature tissues is generally absent in @entity0 cells. Previous studies have shown that @entity1 C2C12 multinucleated myotubes treated with extract derived from regenerating newt forelimbs can re-enter the cell cycle, fragment into mononucleated cells, and proliferate. However, this response has been difficult to replicate. METHODS: We isolated extract from early newt forelimb regenerates and assessed its effects on differentiation of proliferating primary and C2C12 myoblasts. We also treated fully differentiated primary and C2C12 myotube cultures with extract and assessed cell cycle re-entry and @entity2 . RESULTS: We have confirmed the results obtained in C2C12 cells and expanded these studies to also examine the effects of newt regeneration extracts on primary muscle cells. Newt extract can block differentiation of both C2C12 and primary myoblasts. Once differentiation is induced, treatment with newt extract causes cell cycle re-entry and fragmentation of C2C12 myotubes. Downregulation of @entity3 and muscle-specific markers is also induced. Primary myotubes also fragment in response to extract treatment, and the fragmented cells remain viable for long periods of time in culture. However, unlike C2C12 cells, primary muscle cells do not re-enter the cell cycle in response to treatment with newt extracts. CONCLUSIONS: Dedifferentiation of fully mature muscle occurs during regeneration in the newt forelimb to contribute cells to the regeneration process. Our study shows that extracts derived from regenerating newt forelimbs can induce dedifferentiation, cell cycle re-entry, and fragmentation of @entity1 C2C12 cells but can only induce fragmentation in primary muscle cells.

title: A differential response to newt regeneration extract by C2C12 and primary XXXX muscle cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Proteases and their inhibitors have been shown to play roles in @entity3 invasion and @entity1 in a number of experimental models. Recently, relative increases in the amounts of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( @entity12 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( @entity11 ) in @entity3 samples have been correlated with poorer, pathological grade, shorter disease-free interval, and shorter survival. To date, all studies investigating the prognostic significance of proteases and their inhibitors have been limited to extracranial @entity3 . In this article, we review the literature and present our data on the prognostic significance of proteases in @entity0 @entity9 . High levels of @entity12 were seen in @entity4 and @entity1 (n = 82), whereas normal levels of @entity12 were found in low-grade @entity4 . Analysis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a significant correlation between high levels of @entity12 and @entity5 and @entity2 (n = 50; P < 0.05). Similarly, @entity0 with high levels of @entity12 had shorter survival than did @entity0 with low levels of @entity12 . Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), which was virtually absent in @entity7 multiforme (GBM), colon lung, and breast @entity1 , was found in normal quantities in @entity8 ( @entity8 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity10 . @entity6 had significantly more tPA activity than normal brain did. A reverse correlation was found between tPA and MRI findings of @entity5 , enhancement, and @entity2 . Similarly, @entity0 with no detectable tPA activity had shorter survival than did @entity0 with detectable tPA activity. We conclude that high levels of @entity12 and absent tPA activity correlate with histologically malignant @entity9 , aggressive characteristics, and shorter survival.

title: Prognostic significance of proteolytic enzymes in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Proteases and their inhibitors have been shown to play roles in @entity3 invasion and @entity1 in a number of experimental models. Recently, relative increases in the amounts of urokinase type plasminogen activator ( @entity12 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( @entity11 ) in @entity3 samples have been correlated with poorer, pathological grade, shorter disease-free interval, and shorter survival. To date, all studies investigating the prognostic significance of proteases and their inhibitors have been limited to extracranial @entity3 . In this article, we review the literature and present our data on the prognostic significance of proteases in @entity0 @entity9 . High levels of @entity12 were seen in @entity4 and @entity1 (n = 82), whereas normal levels of @entity12 were found in low-grade @entity4 . Analysis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a significant correlation between high levels of @entity12 and @entity5 and @entity2 (n = 50; P < 0.05). Similarly, @entity0 with high levels of @entity12 had shorter survival than did @entity0 with low levels of @entity12 . Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), which was virtually absent in @entity7 multiforme (GBM), colon lung, and breast @entity1 , was found in normal quantities in @entity8 ( @entity8 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity10 . @entity6 had significantly more tPA activity than normal brain did. A reverse correlation was found between tPA and MRI findings of @entity5 , enhancement, and @entity2 . Similarly, @entity0 with no detectable tPA activity had shorter survival than did @entity0 with detectable tPA activity. We conclude that high levels of @entity12 and absent tPA activity correlate with histologically malignant @entity9 , aggressive characteristics, and shorter survival.

title: Prognostic significance of proteolytic enzymes in XXXX @entity9 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study examined the sciatic nerve axonal transport of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and its basal content in stomach, sciatic nerve and lumbar spinal cord of 8- and 12-week alloxan- @entity1 @entity3 , respectively. One group of @entity1 @entity3 received @entity5 (ALCAR) throughout the experimental period. Alloxan treatment caused @entity6 and reduced @entity0 growth. Axonal transport of @entity4 was studied by measurement of 24-hour accumulation at a ligature on the sciatic nerve. There was a marked reduction (from 50% to 100% according to the nerve segment examined) of anterograde and retrograde accumulation of @entity4 in the constricted nerve of 8-week @entity1 @entity3 . In the sciatic nerve of ALCAR-treated @entity1 @entity3 , the accumulation of @entity4 was comparable to control values. In the sciatic nerve, lumbar spinal cord and stomach of 12-week @entity1 @entity3 , there is a significant reduction of @entity4 content. ALCAR treatment prevented @entity4 loss in these tissues. Sciatic nerves showed the typical @entity7 increase and @entity9 loss that were significantly counteracted by ALCAR. This study suggests that ALCAR treatment prevents @entity1 -induced @entity2 by improving altered metabolic pathways such as @entity8 activity and @entity9 synthesis, and by preventing the reduction of synthesis and axonal transport of substance P.

title: Diabetic neuropathy in the XXXX : 1. Alcar augments the reduced levels and axoplasmic transport of substance P.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To test the feasibility of using intermittent @entity5 suppression in the treatment of @entity4 by taking advantage of the reversible action of medical castration. METHODS: Observations were made on a group of 47 @entity0 (clinical @entity6 ; and A2, 2) with a mean follow-up time of 125 weeks. Treatment was initiated with combined @entity5 blockade and continued for at least 6 months until a serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) nadir was observed. Medication was then withheld until the serum PSA increased to a mean value between 10 and 20 ng/mL. This cycle of treatment and no treatment was repeated until the regulation of serum PSA became @entity5 independent. RESULTS: The first two treatment cycles lasted 73 and 75 weeks, with a mean time off therapy of 30 and 33 weeks and an overall mean percentage time off therapy of 41% and 45%, respectively. The mean time to achieve a nadir level of serum PSA was 20 weeks in cycle 1 and 18 weeks in cycle 2. Serum @entity3 returned to the normal range within 8 weeks (range, 1 to 26) of stopping treatment. The off-treatment period in both cycles was associated with an improvement in sense of well-being and the recovery of libido and potency in the @entity0 who reported normal or near-normal sexual function before the start of therapy. In 7 @entity0 with Stage D2 disease, the @entity1 progressed to an @entity5 -independent state. The mean and median times to progression were 128 weeks and 108 weeks, respectively. Seven @entity0 have died, 1 from a noncancer-related illness, with mean and median overall survival times of 210 weeks and 166 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 is amenable to control by intermittent @entity5 suppression. This approach affords an improved quality of life when the @entity0 is off therapy. It also results in reduced @entity2 and cost of treatment and possibly delays @entity1 progression. Whether survival is affected in a beneficial or adverse way remains to be studied in a randomized, prospective study.

title: Intermittent @entity5 suppression in the treatment of XXXX : a preliminary report.

answer: @entity4