abstract: AIM: To determine the feasibility and effectiveness of endoscopic resection for the treatment of @entity3 (GCTs). METHODS: This was a retrospective study performed at a single institution. From January 2008 to April 2015, we examined a total of 11 lesions in 11 @entity0 who were treated by an endoscopic procedure for colorectal GCTs in the Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Either endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed by three surgeons with expertise in endoscopic treatment. The pre- and post-operative condition and follow-up of these @entity0 were evaluated by colonoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). RESULTS: Of these 11 lesions, 2 were located in the cecum, 3 were in the ileocecal junction, 5 were in the ascending colon, and 1 was in the rectum. The median maximum diameter of the @entity2 was 0.81 cm (range 0.4-1.2 cm). The en bloc rate was 100%, and the complete resection rate was 90.9% (10/11). Post-operative pathology in one @entity0 showed a @entity2 at the cauterization margin. However, during ESD, this lesion was removed en bloc, and no @entity2 tissue was seen in the wound. No perforations or delayed perforations were observed and emergency surgery was not required for complications. All @entity0 were followed up to May 2015, and none had recurrence, @entity1 , or complaints of discomfort. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic treatment performed by endoscopists with sufficient experience appears to be feasible and effective for colorectal GCTs.

title: Endoscopic resection of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an association between @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and increased @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a surrogate index of @entity4 . This association is poorly studied in asymptomatic subjects with risk factors of @entity3 . AIM: To study the relationship between carotid- @entity6 , coronary flow reserve (CFR) and cardiac function in asymptomatic young @entity2 subjects. METHODS: This study includes 82 asymptomatic young subjects with essential @entity2 , and 78 healthy control subjects. Carotid- @entity6 was assessed with B-mode ultrasonography. Treadmill exercise test, CFR and echo Doppler study were performed for all subjects. RESULTS: @entity2 group had a significantly higher carotid- @entity6 (0.91 + 0.13 vs. 51    0.09, P < 0.01), and a significantly lower coronary flow velocity reserve (1.9    0.44 vs. 3.2    0.44, P < 0.003) than in control subjects, especially in those with stress induced @entity5 . Multiple linear regression analyses shows that increased carotid- @entity6 was related to a reduced CFR (r = -843, P < 0.001) and a lower diastolic function (E/e   , r = -512, P < 0.003) in asymptomatic @entity2 . In addition the carotid- @entity6 showed a significant correlation with family history of @entity2 in these subjects (r = 653, P < 0.002). CONCLUSION: Carotid- @entity6 increases significantly in asymptomatic young @entity2 @entity0 . It has a relationship with stress-induced @entity5 , decrease CFR and incipient @entity1 in those @entity0 . It could be considered as an index for subclinical @entity4 and @entity1 in asymptomatic subjects with risk factors for CADs.

title: Early detection of silent ischemia and XXXX in asymptomatic young @entity2 @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an association between @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and increased @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a surrogate index of @entity4 . This association is poorly studied in asymptomatic subjects with risk factors of @entity3 . AIM: To study the relationship between carotid- @entity6 , coronary flow reserve (CFR) and cardiac function in asymptomatic young @entity2 subjects. METHODS: This study includes 82 asymptomatic young subjects with essential @entity2 , and 78 healthy control subjects. Carotid- @entity6 was assessed with B-mode ultrasonography. Treadmill exercise test, CFR and echo Doppler study were performed for all subjects. RESULTS: @entity2 group had a significantly higher carotid- @entity6 (0.91 + 0.13 vs. 51    0.09, P < 0.01), and a significantly lower coronary flow velocity reserve (1.9    0.44 vs. 3.2    0.44, P < 0.003) than in control subjects, especially in those with stress induced @entity5 . Multiple linear regression analyses shows that increased carotid- @entity6 was related to a reduced CFR (r = -843, P < 0.001) and a lower diastolic function (E/e   , r = -512, P < 0.003) in asymptomatic @entity2 . In addition the carotid- @entity6 showed a significant correlation with family history of @entity2 in these subjects (r = 653, P < 0.002). CONCLUSION: Carotid- @entity6 increases significantly in asymptomatic young @entity2 @entity0 . It has a relationship with stress-induced @entity5 , decrease CFR and incipient @entity1 in those @entity0 . It could be considered as an index for subclinical @entity4 and @entity1 in asymptomatic subjects with risk factors for CADs.

title: Early detection of silent ischemia and @entity1 in asymptomatic young XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an association between @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and increased @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a surrogate index of @entity4 . This association is poorly studied in asymptomatic subjects with risk factors of @entity3 . AIM: To study the relationship between carotid- @entity6 , coronary flow reserve (CFR) and cardiac function in asymptomatic young @entity2 subjects. METHODS: This study includes 82 asymptomatic young subjects with essential @entity2 , and 78 healthy control subjects. Carotid- @entity6 was assessed with B-mode ultrasonography. Treadmill exercise test, CFR and echo Doppler study were performed for all subjects. RESULTS: @entity2 group had a significantly higher carotid- @entity6 (0.91 + 0.13 vs. 51    0.09, P < 0.01), and a significantly lower coronary flow velocity reserve (1.9    0.44 vs. 3.2    0.44, P < 0.003) than in control subjects, especially in those with stress induced @entity5 . Multiple linear regression analyses shows that increased carotid- @entity6 was related to a reduced CFR (r = -843, P < 0.001) and a lower diastolic function (E/e   , r = -512, P < 0.003) in asymptomatic @entity2 . In addition the carotid- @entity6 showed a significant correlation with family history of @entity2 in these subjects (r = 653, P < 0.002). CONCLUSION: Carotid- @entity6 increases significantly in asymptomatic young @entity2 @entity0 . It has a relationship with stress-induced @entity5 , decrease CFR and incipient @entity1 in those @entity0 . It could be considered as an index for subclinical @entity4 and @entity1 in asymptomatic subjects with risk factors for CADs.

title: Early detection of silent ischemia and @entity1 in asymptomatic young @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Rectal varices are portosystemic collaterals that form as a complication of portal @entity1 , their prevalence has been reported as high as 94% in @entity0 with extrahepatic @entity4 . The diagnosis is typically based on lower endoscopy (colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy). However, endoscopic ultrasonography has been shown to be superior to endoscopy in diagnosing rectal varices. Color Doppler ultrasonography is a better method because it allows the calculation of the velocity of blood flow in the varices and can be used to predict the @entity2 risk in the varices. Although rare, @entity2 from rectal varices can be life threatening. The management of @entity0 with rectal variceal @entity2 is not well established. It is important to ensure hemodynamic stability with blood transfusion and to correct any @entity3 prior to treating the @entity2 varices. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy has been reported to be more effective in the management of active @entity2 from rectal varices with less rebleeding rate as compared to endoscopic band ligation. Transjugular intrahepatic portsystemic shunt alone or in combination with embolization is another method used successfully in control of @entity2 . Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration is an emerging procedure for management of gastric varices that has also been successfully used to treat @entity2 rectal varices. Surgical procedures including suture ligation and porto-caval shunts are considered when other methods have failed.

title: Management of rectal varices in portal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Histopathology is the only accepted method to measure and stage the @entity0 size. However, there is a need to find another method to measure and stage the @entity2 size when the pathological assessment is not available. Micro-computed tomography. (micro-CT) has the ability to measure @entity2 in three dimensions in an intact lumpectomy specimen. In this study, we aimed to determine the accuracy of micro-CT to measure and stage the primary @entity2 size in breast lumpectomy specimens, as compared to the histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two @entity1 who underwent lumpectomy surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Surgery from June 2011 to September 2011, and from August 2013 to December 2013 participated in this study. The lumpectomy specimens were scanned using micro-CT followed by routine pathological processing. The maximum dimension of the invasive @entity0 was obtained from the micro-CT image and was compared to the corresponding pathology report for each subject. RESULTS: The invasive @entity2 size measurement by micro-CT was underestimated in 24 cases. (33%), overestimated in 37 cases. (51%), and matched it exactly in 11 cases. (15%) compared to the histopathology measurement for all the cases. However, micro-CT T-stage classification differed from histopathology in only 11. (15.2%) with 6 cases. (8.3%) classified as a higher stage by micro-CT, and 5 cases. (6.9%) classified as lower compared to histopathology. In addition, micro-CT demonstrated a statically significant strong agreement (k =0.6, P < 0.05) with pathological @entity2 size and staging for invasive @entity3 . (IDC) group. In contrast, there was no agreement. (k = -2, P = 0.67) between micro-CT and pathology in estimating and staging @entity2 size for @entity4 . (ILC) group. This could be explained by a small sample size. (7) for ILC group. CONCLUSIONS: Micro-CT is a promising modality for measuring and staging the IDC.

title: Prediction of primary XXXX size and T-stage using micro-computed tomography in lumpectomy specimens.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was to evaluate the effect of excision repair cross-complementation group 1( @entity5 ) expression on response to @entity3 -based induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) in locally advanced unresectable @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity0 with locally advanced unresectable @entity2 who received @entity3 -based IC followed by CCRT from January 1, 2006 through January 1, 2008. Eligibility criteria included presence of biopsy-proven @entity2 without a prior history of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess @entity5 expression in pretreatment biopsy specimens from @entity4 blocks. Clinical parameters, including smoking, @entity1 consumption and betel nuts chewing, were obtained from the medical records. RESULTS: The 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates of fifty-seven @entity0 were 61.1% and 61.0%, respectively. Among these @entity0 , thirty-one @entity0 had low @entity5 expression and forty-one @entity0 responded to IC followed by CCRT. Univariate analyses showed that @entity0 with low expression of @entity5 had a significantly higher 12-month PFS rates (73.3% vs. 42.3%, p < 0.001) and 2-year OS (74.2 vs. 44.4%, p = 0.023) rates. Multivariate analysis showed that for @entity0 who did not chew betel nuts and had low expression of @entity5 were independent predictors for prolonged survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggest that a high expression of @entity5 predict a poor response and survival to @entity3 -based IC followed by CCRT in @entity0 with locally advanced unresectable @entity2 in betel nut chewing area.

title: High @entity5 expression predicts XXXX -based chemotherapy resistance and poor outcome in unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck in a betel-chewing area.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was to evaluate the effect of excision repair cross-complementation group 1( @entity5 ) expression on response to @entity3 -based induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) in locally advanced unresectable @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity0 with locally advanced unresectable @entity2 who received @entity3 -based IC followed by CCRT from January 1, 2006 through January 1, 2008. Eligibility criteria included presence of biopsy-proven @entity2 without a prior history of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess @entity5 expression in pretreatment biopsy specimens from @entity4 blocks. Clinical parameters, including smoking, @entity1 consumption and betel nuts chewing, were obtained from the medical records. RESULTS: The 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates of fifty-seven @entity0 were 61.1% and 61.0%, respectively. Among these @entity0 , thirty-one @entity0 had low @entity5 expression and forty-one @entity0 responded to IC followed by CCRT. Univariate analyses showed that @entity0 with low expression of @entity5 had a significantly higher 12-month PFS rates (73.3% vs. 42.3%, p < 0.001) and 2-year OS (74.2 vs. 44.4%, p = 0.023) rates. Multivariate analysis showed that for @entity0 who did not chew betel nuts and had low expression of @entity5 were independent predictors for prolonged survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggest that a high expression of @entity5 predict a poor response and survival to @entity3 -based IC followed by CCRT in @entity0 with locally advanced unresectable @entity2 in betel nut chewing area.

title: High XXXX expression predicts @entity3 -based chemotherapy resistance and poor outcome in unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck in a betel-chewing area.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity0 with @entity1 , who have survived an episode of @entity4 , often have far-advanced @entity3 and therefore, on average, a severely restricted life expectancy. Still, the prognosis for the individual @entity0 varies greatly depending on the presence or absence of large varices and the @entity0 classification. Centres evaluating @entity4 often attract different @entity0 populations. Comparison of the outcome of the complete series of @entity0 is usually meaningless since results reflect the composition of the @entity0 population rather than the applied therapy. The natural history of @entity0 with @entity4 should be defined by @entity0 category, allowing more precise definition of the therapeutic aims and subsequently assessment of the results. Persistent lowering of the portal pressure by pharmacological modulation of the portal haemodynamic system is now feasible due to the availability of long-acting oral medication. @entity5 is still the leading drug and, in one centre, its use in predominantly @entity0 A @entity0 was associated with a marked reduction in recurrent @entity2 and subsequently mortality rate. These results could not be reproduced in another centre. Both the restricted indication as well as the uncertain efficacy limit the current use of @entity5 , but further pharmacological developments are bound to appear. Endoscopic sclerotherapy has become the treatment of choice in the prevention of recurrent @entity4 . The proponents of paravasal injection report excellent efficacy in combination with a low incidence of side-effects, whereas mainly theoretical reasons are advanced by users of intravariceal injections. Still, @entity4 remains an important clinical problem in the period between the start of sclerotherapy and the eradication of varices. Combination of sclerotherapy with portal antihypertensive medication might become the treatment of choice until eradication of varices has been achieved; thereafter either continued medication or repeated endoscopy will maintain an avariceal state and effective prevention of recurrent @entity4 .

title: Prevention of recurrent XXXX : non-surgical procedures.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Local delivery of therapeutic angiogenic agents that stimulate blood vessel formation represents a promising strategy for the treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). At present, requirements for temporal and spatial parameters for localized delivery are unclear, with a variety of sustained delivery approaches being examined. Two polymer-based sustained formulations containing the 165 @entity4 isoform of @entity0 recombinant @entity1 (rhVEGF(165)) were evaluated for their potential application in the treatment of @entity5 following intramuscular injection. Microspheres prepared from a 50:50 ratio of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and a gel of @entity7 polymer solubilized in @entity8 ( @entity7 :NMP) were each loaded with rhVEGF(165) and tested in vitro and in vivo. @entity7 microspheres averaged    30  m in diameter and contained 8.9% (w/w) rhVEGF(165), while the @entity7 :NMP gel was formulated with varying amounts of spray freeze-dried rhVEGF(165) to result in final gel formulations having concentrations of 0.36, 0.72, or 3.6 mg/mL rhVEGF(165). In vitro release of rhVEGF(165) from @entity7 microspheres showed    10% cumulative release by day 6, whereas the cumulative release of rhVEGF(165) from the @entity7 :NMP gel matrices (0.65% w/w loading) was less than 0.25% at this same time point. While the in vitro release characteristics of these two sustained release formulations were broadly different, the plasma rhVEGF(165) concentration-time profiles following hind-limb intramuscular (IM) injection of these formulations in non-compromised @entity3 revealed similar in vivo pharmacokinetics. Three-dimensional resin casts of vascular architecture were prepared at days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, and 75 following a single IM dosing of these sustained release microsphere and gel matrix formulations in the gastrocnemius muscle of immune-compromised @entity2 . Scanning electron microscopic visualization of these vascular casts demonstrated spatial arrangement of @entity6 consistent with profound vascular changes occurring within 3 days of dosing that persisted for 2 months, approximately 1 month beyond the anticipated completion of rhVEGF(165) release from these sustained delivery formulations. Vascular re-modeling events were correlated with histological and immunohistochemical parameters attributed to known biological actions of rhVEGF(165) signaling. Together, these pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic results support the use of sustained release @entity7 -based formulations for the local delivery of rhVEGF(165) to achieve a durable vascular re-modeling response.

title: Sustained release formulations of rhVEGF          produce a durable response in a XXXX model of peripheral angiogenesis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidural @entity5 offers greater @entity2 relief compared to systemic opioid-based medications, but its effect on morbidity and mortality is unclear. This review was originally published in 2006 and was updated in 2012 and again in 2016. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of @entity1 in comparison with postoperative systemic opioid-based @entity5 for adults undergoing elective abdominal aortic surgery. SEARCH METHODS: In the updated review, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and five trial registers in November 2014, together with reference checking to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomized controlled trials comparing @entity1 and postoperative systemic opioid-based @entity5 for adults who underwent elective open abdominal aortic surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information and data when required. We assessed the level of evidence according to the scale provided by the GRADE working group. MAIN RESULTS: We included 15 trials published from 1987 to 2009 with 1498 @entity0 in this updated review. @entity0 had a mean age between 60.5 and 71.3 years. The percentage of @entity0 in the included studies varied from 0% to 28.1%. Adding an epidural to general anaesthesia for @entity0 undergoing abdominal aortic repair reduced @entity4 (risk ratio (RR) 0.54 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30 to 0.97); I(2) statistic = 0%; number needed to treat for one additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) 28 (95% CI 19 to 1423), visual or verbal analogical scale (VAS) scores up to three days after the surgery (mean difference (MD) -1.78 (95% CI -2.32 to -1.25); I(2) statistic = 0% for VAS scores on movement at postoperative day one), time to tracheal extubation (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.42 (95% CI -0.70 to -0.15); I(2) statistic = 83%; equivalent to a mean reduction of 36 hours), @entity6 (RR 0.69 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.85); I(2) statistic = 0%; NNTB 8 (95% CI 6 to 16)), @entity3 (OR 0.20 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.65); I(2) statistic = 0%; NNTB 32 (95% CI 27 to 74)) and time spent in the intensive care unit (SMD -0.23 (95% CI -0.41 to -0.06); I(2) statistic = 0%; equivalent to a mean reduction of six hours). We did not demonstrate a reduction in the mortality rate up to 30 days (RR 1.06 (95% CI 0.60 to 1.86); I(2) statistic = 0%). The level of evidence was low for mortality and time before tracheal extubation; moderate for @entity4 , @entity6 and intensive care unit length of stay; and high for @entity3 and VAS scores. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Epidural @entity5 provided better @entity2 management, reduced @entity4 , time to tracheal extubation, @entity6 , @entity3 , and intensive care unit length of stay compared with systemic opioid-based drugs. For mortality, we did not find a difference at 30 days.

title: XXXX relief versus systemic opioid-based @entity2 relief for abdominal aortic surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidural @entity5 offers greater @entity2 relief compared to systemic opioid-based medications, but its effect on morbidity and mortality is unclear. This review was originally published in 2006 and was updated in 2012 and again in 2016. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of @entity1 in comparison with postoperative systemic opioid-based @entity5 for adults undergoing elective abdominal aortic surgery. SEARCH METHODS: In the updated review, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and five trial registers in November 2014, together with reference checking to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomized controlled trials comparing @entity1 and postoperative systemic opioid-based @entity5 for adults who underwent elective open abdominal aortic surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information and data when required. We assessed the level of evidence according to the scale provided by the GRADE working group. MAIN RESULTS: We included 15 trials published from 1987 to 2009 with 1498 @entity0 in this updated review. @entity0 had a mean age between 60.5 and 71.3 years. The percentage of @entity0 in the included studies varied from 0% to 28.1%. Adding an epidural to general anaesthesia for @entity0 undergoing abdominal aortic repair reduced @entity4 (risk ratio (RR) 0.54 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30 to 0.97); I(2) statistic = 0%; number needed to treat for one additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) 28 (95% CI 19 to 1423), visual or verbal analogical scale (VAS) scores up to three days after the surgery (mean difference (MD) -1.78 (95% CI -2.32 to -1.25); I(2) statistic = 0% for VAS scores on movement at postoperative day one), time to tracheal extubation (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.42 (95% CI -0.70 to -0.15); I(2) statistic = 83%; equivalent to a mean reduction of 36 hours), @entity6 (RR 0.69 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.85); I(2) statistic = 0%; NNTB 8 (95% CI 6 to 16)), @entity3 (OR 0.20 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.65); I(2) statistic = 0%; NNTB 32 (95% CI 27 to 74)) and time spent in the intensive care unit (SMD -0.23 (95% CI -0.41 to -0.06); I(2) statistic = 0%; equivalent to a mean reduction of six hours). We did not demonstrate a reduction in the mortality rate up to 30 days (RR 1.06 (95% CI 0.60 to 1.86); I(2) statistic = 0%). The level of evidence was low for mortality and time before tracheal extubation; moderate for @entity4 , @entity6 and intensive care unit length of stay; and high for @entity3 and VAS scores. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Epidural @entity5 provided better @entity2 management, reduced @entity4 , time to tracheal extubation, @entity6 , @entity3 , and intensive care unit length of stay compared with systemic opioid-based drugs. For mortality, we did not find a difference at 30 days.

title: @entity2 relief versus systemic opioid-based XXXX relief for abdominal aortic surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Classical @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is characterized by rare neoplastic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells within abundant reactive cellular backgrounds. In most cases, H-RS cells originate from the B-cell lineage, but their immunophenotypes are unusual. Here we newly found frequent expression of chemokine receptors @entity8 and @entity6 and their respective ligands @entity1 and @entity5 in @entity0 -derived cell lines. @entity6 is known to be selectively expressed by plasma cells, whereas @entity5 attracts eosinophils via @entity7 and plasma cells via @entity6 and @entity7 . Therefore, we examined their expression in @entity0 tissues by immunohistochemistry. We found that H-RS cells in 15 of 19 cases were positive for @entity5 . Among them, seven cases were also positive for @entity6 , suggesting a potential autocrine effect. In situ hybridization confirmed the expression of @entity5 mRNA in H-RS cells. The @entity5 positivity in H-RS cells did not significantly correlate with that of @entity9 , @entity2 , @entity3 , or @entity4 . However, it significantly correlated with the background accumulation of eosinophils, plasma cells, and @entity6 + cells. Thus, the production of @entity5 by H-RS cells may play a major role in tissue accumulation of eosinophils and/or plasma cells in classical @entity0 . The frequent expression of @entity6 in H-RS cells themselves also supports their close relationship to plasma cells.

title: Expression of @entity5 by Reed-Sternberg cells defines a major subtype of classical XXXX with frequent infiltration of eosinophils and/or plasma cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Classical @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is characterized by rare neoplastic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells within abundant reactive cellular backgrounds. In most cases, H-RS cells originate from the B-cell lineage, but their immunophenotypes are unusual. Here we newly found frequent expression of chemokine receptors @entity8 and @entity6 and their respective ligands @entity1 and @entity5 in @entity0 -derived cell lines. @entity6 is known to be selectively expressed by plasma cells, whereas @entity5 attracts eosinophils via @entity7 and plasma cells via @entity6 and @entity7 . Therefore, we examined their expression in @entity0 tissues by immunohistochemistry. We found that H-RS cells in 15 of 19 cases were positive for @entity5 . Among them, seven cases were also positive for @entity6 , suggesting a potential autocrine effect. In situ hybridization confirmed the expression of @entity5 mRNA in H-RS cells. The @entity5 positivity in H-RS cells did not significantly correlate with that of @entity9 , @entity2 , @entity3 , or @entity4 . However, it significantly correlated with the background accumulation of eosinophils, plasma cells, and @entity6 + cells. Thus, the production of @entity5 by H-RS cells may play a major role in tissue accumulation of eosinophils and/or plasma cells in classical @entity0 . The frequent expression of @entity6 in H-RS cells themselves also supports their close relationship to plasma cells.

title: Expression of XXXX by Reed-Sternberg cells defines a major subtype of classical @entity0 with frequent infiltration of eosinophils and/or plasma cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to B cell- and T cell-specific antigens uniformly have been restricted in their use to cell suspension or frozen section techniques because the antigens that they identify are either masked or lost in the fixation or @entity2 -embedding processes. Antiimmunoglobulin antisera, although readily identifying cytoplasmic immunoglobulin in paraffin sections, has not been as useful as originally hoped since the majority of B cell @entity0 express surface immunoglobulins, which requires cell suspensions or frozen sections for detection. Because cell suspension procedures disrupt tissue architecture and frozen section techniques grossly distort morphology, neither method allows the combination of optimal morphologic and immunologic classification of @entity0 . We recently reported two MoAbs, @entity5 and @entity3 , that react with B cells in paraffin sections. @entity5 reacts with the surface membrane and cytoplasm of germinal center B cells. @entity3 reacts uniquely with the nuclear membrane and cytoplasm of mantle zone and germinal center B cells and interdigitating histiocytes. We have also identified a new MoAb, LN-3, that reacts with the HLA-DR antigen in paraffin sections. We now report the use of @entity5 , @entity3 , and LN-3 in the analysis of paraffin sections from 58 @entity4 and 15 cases of @entity1 . The types of cells reactive with these MoAbs in neoplastic lymphoid proliferations largely recapitulate their benign morphologic and immunologic counterparts. As a panel, @entity5 , @entity3 , and LN-3 were reactive with 98% of B cell @entity0 , and @entity5 and @entity3 were negative on all T cell @entity0 . In addition to identifying the cell of origin of these malignant proliferations, these MoAbs were also useful for identifying architectural features in neoplastic lymph nodes. Thus, these reagents provide the ability to assess the immunologic phenotype of neoplastic lymphocytes in conjunction with the critical morphologic criteria requiring paraffin embedding.

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of human XXXX with monoclonal antibodies to B cell and Ia antigens reactive in paraffin sections.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Tryptic, thermitatic, and tryptic-thermitatic casein hydrolyzates as well as their equimolar @entity3 mixture were perfused through proximal and distal parts of the intestine (10 cm length) of nonanaesthesized @entity0 . The total @entity3 concentration of the perfused solution was 50 mM. The absorption of @entity5 and total @entity4 respectively did not reveal significant absorption advantages in favour of the hydrolyzates. In contrast to this, some peptidic bound @entity4 of these hydrolyzates show a significantly better absorption as compared to free @entity4 . At this, dependences of the kind of hydrolyzate and the part of the intestine are evident. @entity1 , e.g. is generally more rapidly absorbed when peptidic bound; @entity6 is more rapidly absorbed only from the thermitatic and tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzates, and @entity2 and @entity7 only in the distal part of the intestine. Independent of the @entity3 or peptide substrate the total absorption of all the @entity4 is higher in the distal part of the intestine. The comparison concerning the ranking order of the single @entity3 absorption rates shows in the two parts of the intestine distinct differences between the @entity3 mixtures and the enzymatic hydrolyzates. The lowest differences were found between the thermitatic and the tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzate. Both of them have approximately the same degrees of hydrolysis (30 and 35%, respectively). The variability of the @entity3 absorption from the three casein hydrolyzates is lower in comparison with the @entity3 mixture. The tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzates have the lowest coefficients of variability.

title: [Comparative study of the absorption of enzymatic protein hydrolysates in the small intestine of the @entity0 . 2. The absorption of tryptic, thermitatic and tryptic-thermitatic casein hydrolysates compared with the equimolar composition of free XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Tryptic, thermitatic, and tryptic-thermitatic casein hydrolyzates as well as their equimolar @entity3 mixture were perfused through proximal and distal parts of the intestine (10 cm length) of nonanaesthesized @entity0 . The total @entity3 concentration of the perfused solution was 50 mM. The absorption of @entity5 and total @entity4 respectively did not reveal significant absorption advantages in favour of the hydrolyzates. In contrast to this, some peptidic bound @entity4 of these hydrolyzates show a significantly better absorption as compared to free @entity4 . At this, dependences of the kind of hydrolyzate and the part of the intestine are evident. @entity1 , e.g. is generally more rapidly absorbed when peptidic bound; @entity6 is more rapidly absorbed only from the thermitatic and tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzates, and @entity2 and @entity7 only in the distal part of the intestine. Independent of the @entity3 or peptide substrate the total absorption of all the @entity4 is higher in the distal part of the intestine. The comparison concerning the ranking order of the single @entity3 absorption rates shows in the two parts of the intestine distinct differences between the @entity3 mixtures and the enzymatic hydrolyzates. The lowest differences were found between the thermitatic and the tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzate. Both of them have approximately the same degrees of hydrolysis (30 and 35%, respectively). The variability of the @entity3 absorption from the three casein hydrolyzates is lower in comparison with the @entity3 mixture. The tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzates have the lowest coefficients of variability.

title: [Comparative study of the absorption of enzymatic protein hydrolysates in the small intestine of the XXXX . 2. The absorption of tryptic, thermitatic and tryptic-thermitatic casein hydrolysates compared with the equimolar composition of free @entity4 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: A self-perpetuating change in the conformation of the translation termination factor @entity4 is the basis for the prion [PSI+], a protein-based genetic element of @entity0 . In a process closely allied to in vivo conversion, the purified soluble, prion-determining region of @entity4 ( @entity3 ) converts to amyloid fibers by means of nucleated conformational conversion. First, oligomeric species convert to nuclei, and these nuclei then promote polymerization of soluble protein into amyloid fibers. To elucidate the nature of the polymerization step, we created single- @entity1 substitution mutants at different positions in @entity3 to provide unique attachment sites for various probes. In vivo, the mutants behaved like wild-type protein in both the [psi-] and [PSI+] states. In vitro, they assembled with wild-type kinetics and formed fibers with the same morphologies. When labeled with fluorescent probes, two mutants, NMT158C and NME167C, exhibited a change in fluorescence coincident with amyloid assembly. These mutants provided a sensitive measure for the kinetics of fiber elongation, and the lag phase in conversion. The @entity1 in the mutant NMK184C remained exposed after assembly. When labeled with @entity2 and bound to streptavidin beads, it was used to capture radiolabeled soluble @entity3 in the process of conversion. This process established the existence of a detergent-susceptible intermediate in fiber elongation. Thus, the second stage of nucleated conformational conversion, fiber elongation, itself contains at least two steps: the association of soluble protein with preformed fibers to form an assembly intermediate, followed by conformational conversion into amyloid.

title: The elongation of XXXX prion fibers involves separable steps of association and conversion.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Peripheral T cell subsets were determined in 26 @entity0 after renal transplantation. Thirteen @entity0 were undergoing acute rejection episodes at the time of blood sampling. Two methods were used for the determinations: the @entity2 sensitivity test (THST) and the monoclonal antibodies method OKT8 and OKT4. In both rejecting and non-rejecting groups, the percentages of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was found to be higher by the OKT8 method than by the THST. Furthermore, no significant difference in @entity1 percentages could be revealed by the OKT8 method between the two groups. However, with the THST the differences were significant with a mean value of 13.5 +/- 7.9 per cent in the rejecting group and 21 +/- 5.9 per cent in the non-rejecting group (p less than 0.01). The different results between the two methods could be attributed to the fact that by THST only @entity1 cells are defined while the OKT8 conjugates also with cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The measuring of T helper cells (TH) revealed much higher percentages of TH in the rejecting group than in the non-rejecting group, 51 +/- 9.5 per cent mean value and 29 +/- 13 per cent mean value, respectively (p less than 0.05). The ratio OKT4+/OKT8+ was below one in the non-rejecting group and above 1.5 in the rejecting group. We concluded that the THST as well as OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio may be a helpful laboratory test to confirm a clinically suspected acute rejection episode.

title: T cell subsets in renal transplanted XXXX defined by theophylline sensitivity and monoclonal antibodies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The objective of this study was to describe the functional profiles of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and the relationships between @entity1 , limitations in activities, and @entity3 , using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). @entity0 were consecutively enrolled, and the ICF checklist was administered. Two count-based indices were developed: 'extension', containing ICF categories rated with qualifiers 1-4 and 'severity', containing ICF categories rated with qualifiers 3-4. Categories rated with qualifiers 1-4 in at least 50% of @entity0 are described separately. Spearman's correlation analysis was carried out to identify the relationships between @entity1 (BF) and body structures, activities and participation, and @entity3 ( @entity3 ); linear regressions were performed to identify the best predictors of performance indices in activities and participation. A total of 96 @entity0 were enrolled; 34 categories rated with qualifiers 1-4 in at least 50% of @entity0 are reported, and most of them describe impairment in movement-related functions and limitations in mobility and self-care. Performance indices are significantly lower than capacity and significant relationships with both @entity1 and @entity3 are observed. High difficulties in activities and participation performance are connected with both presence of severe BF symptoms and relevant barriers in @entity3 . Both BF and @entity3 play a relevant role in improving functioning of the @entity0 with @entity2 . The connection between @entity3 barriers and severe problems in activities and participation performance suggests the need of fostering participation of @entity0 with @entity2 by promoting facilitators among EFs. Methodologies and tools are needed to couple information on symptoms, on the difficulties in executing activities, and on environmental features.

title: Disability and profiles of functioning of @entity0 with XXXX described with ICF classification.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this study was to describe the functional profiles of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and the relationships between @entity1 , limitations in activities, and @entity3 , using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). @entity0 were consecutively enrolled, and the ICF checklist was administered. Two count-based indices were developed: 'extension', containing ICF categories rated with qualifiers 1-4 and 'severity', containing ICF categories rated with qualifiers 3-4. Categories rated with qualifiers 1-4 in at least 50% of @entity0 are described separately. Spearman's correlation analysis was carried out to identify the relationships between @entity1 (BF) and body structures, activities and participation, and @entity3 ( @entity3 ); linear regressions were performed to identify the best predictors of performance indices in activities and participation. A total of 96 @entity0 were enrolled; 34 categories rated with qualifiers 1-4 in at least 50% of @entity0 are reported, and most of them describe impairment in movement-related functions and limitations in mobility and self-care. Performance indices are significantly lower than capacity and significant relationships with both @entity1 and @entity3 are observed. High difficulties in activities and participation performance are connected with both presence of severe BF symptoms and relevant barriers in @entity3 . Both BF and @entity3 play a relevant role in improving functioning of the @entity0 with @entity2 . The connection between @entity3 barriers and severe problems in activities and participation performance suggests the need of fostering participation of @entity0 with @entity2 by promoting facilitators among EFs. Methodologies and tools are needed to couple information on symptoms, on the difficulties in executing activities, and on environmental features.

title: Disability and profiles of functioning of XXXX with @entity2 described with ICF classification.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of late enhancement dual-energy CT (LE-DECT) for the detection of infarcted @entity5 as compared with 1.5-T late enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LE-MRI) in a porcine model of reperfused chronic @entity1 ( @entity1 ), using histopathology as standard of reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 8 healthy minipigs, @entity1 was induced by 30-minute balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Sixty-one    4 days after left anterior descending @entity6 , LE-DECT was performed 5, 10, and 15 minutes subsequent to contrast material injection. Therefore, a dual-source CT scanner (Somatom Definition, Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany) was used in dual-energy mode with the following protocol: tube potential/current 140 kV/95 mAs on tube A and 100 kV/165 mAs on tube B, collimation 2   32   0.6 mm, 1.5 mL/kg contrast material injected at 3 to 4 mL/s. Myocardial @entity4 distribution was calculated from the dual-energy data and superimposed on the gray scale multiplanar reformats of the heart in @entity2 view. Fifty    12 minutes after LE-DECT imaging, 1.5-T LE-MRI (Magnetom Avanto, Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany) was performed 10 minutes successive to injection of contrast material using phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequences. For all @entity7 investigated, @entity8 staining and histopathology of stained-tissue samples were acquired. Two experienced radiologists assessed all imaging studies in a random manner and were blinded to the results of the other techniques for the presence of late enhancement (LE). The American Heart Association 17-segment model was used to compare the results of LE-DECT, 100 kV grayscale LE images, LE-MRI, and histopathology. Size of @entity1 was calculated for histopathological findings, LE-MRI, LE-DECT, and 100 kV grayscale LE images 10 minutes after contrast agent injection. Agreement between @entity3 size assessed with imaging modalities and histopathology was evaluated with Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: Of the 136 @entity0 in 8 minipigs, histopathology found @entity1 in 27 segments. Diagnostic per-segment sensitivities and specificities for 100 kV grayscale LE images, LE-DECT images, and MR images obtained 10 minutes after contrast agent injection for both the readers were 0.62, 0.77, 0.79 and 0.97, 0.92, 0.94, respectively. Although sensitivities were higher for LE-DECT and LE-MRI than for 100 kV grayscale images, no statistically significant difference for the diagnostic accuracies of 100 kV grayscale LE images, LE-DECT images, and MR images (0.9, 0.89, 0.9) existed 10 minutes successive to contrast agent injection (all P > 0.05). Infarct size for LE-MRI, LE-DECT, and 100 kV grayscale LE images correlated well with histopathological findings (r = 0.97, 0.96, and 0.94; all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This feasibility study shows a high accuracy and a good correlation of LE-DECT and LE-MRI to histopathology for the detection of LE in a porcine model of reperfused chronic @entity1 .

title: Dual-energy computed tomography for the detection of late enhancement in reperfused chronic XXXX : a comparison to magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology in a porcine model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a common medical problem for critically ill @entity0 . Blood transfusion to augment oxygen delivery for these @entity0 has been a traditional therapy. However, few studies have identified the impact of @entity2 on individuals suffering from severe @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Hence, this study aims to evaluate the effects of initial @entity2 on @entity0 with severe @entity1 admitted to the Emergency Unit. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of @entity0 with isolated severe @entity1 admitted to the Emergency Unit of a university hospital from July 2003 to June 2008. @entity0 were divided into two groups based on their initial @entity2 data taken while in the Emergency Unit. The @entity2 datum is defined as hemoglobin (Hb) <10 mg/dL. The t test was used to identify the differences between the two groups, while logistic regression was applied to determine any significant differences found in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 234 @entity0 were signed up in our study. Based on their initial hemoglobin at emergency department, 23 @entity0 (9.8%) comprised the @entity2 group, 17 @entity0 (7.3%) comprised the nonanemia group, whereas 112 @entity0 (47.9%) belonging to the nonanemia group were deceased. There is no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.076; odds ratio, 0.97; confidence interval, 0.78-1.05). CONCLUSION: This study shows that initial @entity2 is not a mortality risk factor for @entity0 with isolated severe blunt @entity1 .

title: The association between @entity2 and the mortality of severe XXXX in emergency department.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a common medical problem for critically ill @entity0 . Blood transfusion to augment oxygen delivery for these @entity0 has been a traditional therapy. However, few studies have identified the impact of @entity2 on individuals suffering from severe @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Hence, this study aims to evaluate the effects of initial @entity2 on @entity0 with severe @entity1 admitted to the Emergency Unit. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of @entity0 with isolated severe @entity1 admitted to the Emergency Unit of a university hospital from July 2003 to June 2008. @entity0 were divided into two groups based on their initial @entity2 data taken while in the Emergency Unit. The @entity2 datum is defined as hemoglobin (Hb) <10 mg/dL. The t test was used to identify the differences between the two groups, while logistic regression was applied to determine any significant differences found in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 234 @entity0 were signed up in our study. Based on their initial hemoglobin at emergency department, 23 @entity0 (9.8%) comprised the @entity2 group, 17 @entity0 (7.3%) comprised the nonanemia group, whereas 112 @entity0 (47.9%) belonging to the nonanemia group were deceased. There is no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.076; odds ratio, 0.97; confidence interval, 0.78-1.05). CONCLUSION: This study shows that initial @entity2 is not a mortality risk factor for @entity0 with isolated severe blunt @entity1 .

title: The association between XXXX and the mortality of severe @entity1 in emergency department.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity12 are a group of @entity1 caused by deficiency of lysosomal enzymes or structural components. The manifestations of @entity12 are complicated due to different @entity11 . It has been reported that a range of @entity3 resulting in abnormal accumulation of metabolic byproducts may exhibit abnormal cytoplasmic vacuolation of lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to elicit the usefulness of vacuolated peripheral lymphocytes detection in screening and diagnosis of @entity12 . METHOD: Clinical data of 42 @entity0 who underwent microscopic and electron microscopic examination of peripheral blood specimens in our department were retrospectively evaluated between January 2008 and December 2009. RESULT: Forty-two @entity0 with the suspected @entity12 were included, these @entity0 presented with motor and @entity8 and/or regression. @entity4 occurred in 32 @entity0 . @entity6 were found in 4 @entity0 . Three @entity0 presented with declined visual acuity. @entity2 and/or abnormal signals were detected on cranial CT/MRI images in 24 @entity0 . Blood biochemical tests were normal. Serum levels of @entity14 , @entity9 and @entity13 were normal. Serum @entity5 profiles and urinary @entity15 profiles were normal. Serum @entity7 profiles were normal. Vacuolated lymphocytes were detected on microscopic examination of blood film in 14 @entity0 , and 8 of these @entity0 were confirmed to have @entity12 . Curvilinear body was found on electronic microscopic examination of peripheral lymphocytes specimens in 4 @entity0 , confirming the diagnosis of @entity17 . In 3 of these 4 @entity0 , curvilinear body were also found on electronic microscopic examination of skin and/or muscle specimens. Enzyme analysis confirmed the diagnosis of @entity16 in one @entity0 and @entity18 in another @entity0 . Typical pathological changes were found on the examination of bone marrow in 2 @entity0 with normal acid sphingomyelinase activity. So the @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity10 . The diagnosis of other 6 @entity0 with vacuolated lymphocytes was unknown. CONCLUSION: Because of its usefulness and minimal invasiveness, vacuolated peripheral lymphocytes examination should be a screening test for @entity12 . As for @entity0 with suspected @entity17 , electron microscopic examination of peripheral lymphocyte specimens may provide specific clues to the final diagnosis.

title: [Detection of vacuolated peripheral blood lymphocytes in screening for and diagnosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity12


abstract: @entity1 is a major public health problem with serious medical and financial consequences. Barriers to successful conventional pharmacological treatment include side effects, out-of-pocket expenses, @entity0 noncompliance and insufficient dosages. Acupuncture has been studied as an alternative therapy for controlling blood pressure (BP) but previous studies have serious methodological limitations. This paper describes the design of the Stop @entity1 with the Acupuncture Research Program (SHARP) trial, a pilot randomized clinical trial designed to gather preliminary data regarding the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-based acupuncture for control of essential @entity1 . The design of the SHARP trial balanced rigorous clinical trial methodology with principles of TCM. Eligible @entity0 had systolic BP (SBP) 140-179 mm Hg and diastolic BP (DBP) 90-109 mm Hg in the absence of antihypertensive therapy. Following screening, @entity0 were randomized to one of three groups: individualized, standardized or control acupuncture. Treatments were designed according to principles of TCM; nonspecific effects associated with the interventions were standardized across the randomized groups. For individualized acupuncture, points were tailored to each @entity0 . Standardized acupuncture used a prespecified set of points. The invasive sham control acupuncture regimen was designed to be non-active. Each @entity0 received a "prescription" for individualized acupuncture from an acupuncturist who was masked to treatment assignment, and was subsequently treated by an independent acupuncturist. @entity0 and those assessing BP were masked to treatment group. Acupuncture was delivered twice a week for 6 weeks. Follow-up visits were every 2 weeks to week 10 and then at months 4, 6, 9 and 12. The primary endpoint will be change in SBP from baseline to 10 weeks. DBP, BP trajectories over the 12-month follow-up and antihypertensive medication requirements will also be examined. Initial contact was documented for 1442 prospective @entity0 from March 2001 to April 2002; 424 provided informed consent and 192 were ultimately randomized.

title: Stop XXXX with the Acupuncture Research Program (SHARP): clinical trial design and screening results.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy of female sterilization by modified Uchida technique and @entity1 clips and to evaluate the influence on operation procedure and clinical effect with or without surgery training of service providers. METHODS: A comparative, multicenter clinical trial was performed in 18 county and township-level service centers. Totally 2198 @entity0 underwent sterilization from these 18 study center were divided into 1116 @entity0 sterilized by modified Uchida technique and 1082 @entity0 by @entity1 clips. Those 18 centers were classified into 9 training groups which provide surgical skills of sterilization and other contents and 9 non training groups. Clinical documents of sterilization were recorded. All @entity0 were follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: There were no complications during surgery by both sterilization. The failure rate was 2.03% (22/1082) in @entity1 clip method and the mean operative time were (12.4    6.4) minutes in training group and (14.4    8.1) minutes in non training group. In modified Uchida method, the failure rate was 0.18% (2/1116) and the mean operative time were (16.2    4.9) minutes in training group and (19.0    8.6) minutes in non training group. The mean operative time between two groups reached statistical difference (all P < 0.05). Total ended rate in modified Uchida technique were 2.2/hundred @entity0 year in training group and 2.5/hundred @entity0 year in non training group, and the rate of @entity1 slips were 3.9/hundred @entity0 year and 4.8/hundred @entity0 year, which did not show significant difference (all P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in acceptability and side effects of all @entity0 between two methods (P > 0.05). The training of service providers could influence acceptability of @entity0 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical efficacy was not influenced by those two methods. The operative time and acceptability were improved by training surgeons in @entity1 clips method.

title: [The comparison of efficacy of female sterilization by modified Uchida technique and XXXX clips in China].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The neuroendocrine system integrates genotype with external factors such as nutrition to regulate animal growth. To investigate the role of @entity2 in the interaction of genotype and nutrition, two series of experiments were conducted using broiler and layer @entity0 as a model. In the first experiment, both strains of @entity0 were raised on their respective standard diets and the mRNA expressions of somatotropic genes were investigated on day 5 (D5), D21, and D42 after hatching as composites of genotype and nutrition. The hypothalamic @entity1 (SS) and pituitary growth hormone (GH) mRNA expression as well as the plasma GH levels were higher in layer @entity0 while the opposite was true for hepatic @entity3 ( @entity3 ) mRNA. Regulation of @entity3 mRNA expression was found to be tissue-specific. Hepatic @entity3 mRNA content increased with age whereas in the muscle, the peak levels of expression were observed at D5 with significantly higher abundance ratio in the layer. To evaluate genotype-diet interaction on growth and the patterns of gene expression of both layer and broiler @entity0 , layers were fed broiler diet and vice versa from D1 to 42 in the second experiment. The D42 body weight of layer @entity0 increased by 35% when fed with broiler diet, whereas that of broiler @entity0 decreased by 51% when fed with layer food. The diet exchange completely reversed the patterns of hypothalamic SS and pituitary GH mRNA expression and the strain differences vanished when the comparison was made on the same diet basis. The hepatic @entity3 mRNA decreased by 46.1% in broilers fed with layer food, but increased by 45.6% in the layer fed with broiler diet. The strain differences were diminished but did not completely disappear on the same diet basis for hepatic @entity3 mRNA. In contrast, however, the muscle @entity3 mRNA expression was not affected by diet exchange and thus, was more genotype-specific. The results suggest that genes of the @entity2 respond to nutrition differently at the level of transcription.

title: Effect of genotype-nutrition interaction on growth and somatotropic gene expression in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The contribution of the @entity1 (IF) network to the mechanical response of cells has so far received little attention, possibly because the assembly and regulation of IFs are not as well understood as that of the actin cytoskeleton or of microtubules. The mechanical role of IFs has been mostly inferred from measurements performed on individual filaments or gels in vitro. In this study we employ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to examine the contribution of @entity2 IFs to the nanomechanical properties of living cells under native conditions. To specifically target and modulate the @entity2 network, @entity0 -2 fibroblasts were transfected with GFP- @entity3 variants. Cells expressing @entity3 variants were identified by the fluorescence microscopy extension of the AFM instrument. This allowed us to directly compare the nanomechanical response of transfected and untransfected cells at high spatial resolution by means of AFM. Depending on the variant @entity3 , transfectants were either softer or stiffer than untransfected fibroblasts. Expression of the non-filament forming GFP-Des @entity4 mutant led to a collapse of the endogenous @entity2 network in the perinuclear region that was accompanied by localized stiffening. Correlative confocal microscopy indicates that the expression of @entity3 variants specifically targets the endogenous @entity2 IF network without major rearrangements of other cytoskeletal components. By measuring functional changes caused by IF rearrangements in intact cells, we show that IFs play a crucial role in mechanical behavior not only at large deformations but also in the nanomechanical response of individual cells.

title: The nanomechanical properties of @entity0 fibroblasts are modulated by interfering with the XXXX @entity1 system.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The contribution of the @entity1 (IF) network to the mechanical response of cells has so far received little attention, possibly because the assembly and regulation of IFs are not as well understood as that of the actin cytoskeleton or of microtubules. The mechanical role of IFs has been mostly inferred from measurements performed on individual filaments or gels in vitro. In this study we employ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to examine the contribution of @entity2 IFs to the nanomechanical properties of living cells under native conditions. To specifically target and modulate the @entity2 network, @entity0 -2 fibroblasts were transfected with GFP- @entity3 variants. Cells expressing @entity3 variants were identified by the fluorescence microscopy extension of the AFM instrument. This allowed us to directly compare the nanomechanical response of transfected and untransfected cells at high spatial resolution by means of AFM. Depending on the variant @entity3 , transfectants were either softer or stiffer than untransfected fibroblasts. Expression of the non-filament forming GFP-Des @entity4 mutant led to a collapse of the endogenous @entity2 network in the perinuclear region that was accompanied by localized stiffening. Correlative confocal microscopy indicates that the expression of @entity3 variants specifically targets the endogenous @entity2 IF network without major rearrangements of other cytoskeletal components. By measuring functional changes caused by IF rearrangements in intact cells, we show that IFs play a crucial role in mechanical behavior not only at large deformations but also in the nanomechanical response of individual cells.

title: The nanomechanical properties of @entity0 fibroblasts are modulated by interfering with the @entity2 XXXX system.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The contribution of the @entity1 (IF) network to the mechanical response of cells has so far received little attention, possibly because the assembly and regulation of IFs are not as well understood as that of the actin cytoskeleton or of microtubules. The mechanical role of IFs has been mostly inferred from measurements performed on individual filaments or gels in vitro. In this study we employ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to examine the contribution of @entity2 IFs to the nanomechanical properties of living cells under native conditions. To specifically target and modulate the @entity2 network, @entity0 -2 fibroblasts were transfected with GFP- @entity3 variants. Cells expressing @entity3 variants were identified by the fluorescence microscopy extension of the AFM instrument. This allowed us to directly compare the nanomechanical response of transfected and untransfected cells at high spatial resolution by means of AFM. Depending on the variant @entity3 , transfectants were either softer or stiffer than untransfected fibroblasts. Expression of the non-filament forming GFP-Des @entity4 mutant led to a collapse of the endogenous @entity2 network in the perinuclear region that was accompanied by localized stiffening. Correlative confocal microscopy indicates that the expression of @entity3 variants specifically targets the endogenous @entity2 IF network without major rearrangements of other cytoskeletal components. By measuring functional changes caused by IF rearrangements in intact cells, we show that IFs play a crucial role in mechanical behavior not only at large deformations but also in the nanomechanical response of individual cells.

title: The nanomechanical properties of XXXX fibroblasts are modulated by interfering with the @entity2 @entity1 system.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Increasing consumer concern exists over the relationship between food composition and @entity0 health. Because of the known effects of @entity3 on @entity0 health, the development of a quick, inexpensive, and accurate method to directly quantify the @entity2 (FA) composition in milk would be valuable for milk processors to develop a payment system for milk pertinent to their customer requirements and for farmers to adapt their feeding systems and breeding strategies accordingly. The aim of this study was (1) to confirm the ability of mid-infrared spectrometry (MIR) to quantify individual FA content in milk by using an innovative procedure of sampling (i.e., samples were collected from @entity1 belonging to different breeds, different countries, and in different production systems); (2) to compare 6 mathematical methods to develop robust calibration equations for predicting the contents of individual FA in milk; and (3) to test interest in using the FA equations developed in milk as basis to predict FA content in fat without corrections for the slope and the bias of the developed equations. In total, 517 samples selected based on their spectral variability in 3 countries (Belgium, Ireland, and United Kingdom) from various breeds, @entity1 , and production systems were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The samples presenting the largest spectral variability were used to calibrate the prediction of FA by MIR. The remaining samples were used to externally validate the 28 FA equations developed. The 6 methods were (1) @entity4 ( @entity4 ); (2) @entity4 +repeatability file (REP); (3) first derivative of spectral data+ @entity4 ; (4) first derivative+REP+ @entity4 ; (5) second derivative of spectral data+ @entity4 ; and (6) second derivative+REP+ @entity4 . Methods were compared on the basis of the cross-validation coefficient of determination (R2cv), the ratio of standard deviation of GC values to the standard error of cross-validation (RPD), and the validation coefficient of determination (R2v). The third and fourth methods had, on average, the highest R2cv, RPD, and R2v. The final equations were built using all GC and the best accuracy was observed for the infrared predictions of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, @entity5 , C18:1 trans, C18:1 cis-9, C18:1 cis, and for some groups of FA studied in milk (saturated, monounsaturated, unsaturated, short-chain, medium-chain, and long-chain FA). These equations showed R2cv greater than 0.95. With R2cv equal to 0.85, the MIR prediction of polyunsaturated FA could be used to screen the @entity1 population. As previously published, infrared predictions of FA in fat are less accurate than those developed from FA content in milk (g/dL of milk) and no better results were obtained by using milk FA predictions if no corrections for bias and slope based on reference milk samples with known contents of FA were used. These results indicate the usefulness of equations with R2cv greater than 95% in milk payment systems and the usefulness of equations with R2cv greater than 75% for animal breeding purposes.

title: Mid-infrared prediction of @entity1 milk XXXX across multiple breeds, production systems, and countries.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Increasing consumer concern exists over the relationship between food composition and @entity0 health. Because of the known effects of @entity3 on @entity0 health, the development of a quick, inexpensive, and accurate method to directly quantify the @entity2 (FA) composition in milk would be valuable for milk processors to develop a payment system for milk pertinent to their customer requirements and for farmers to adapt their feeding systems and breeding strategies accordingly. The aim of this study was (1) to confirm the ability of mid-infrared spectrometry (MIR) to quantify individual FA content in milk by using an innovative procedure of sampling (i.e., samples were collected from @entity1 belonging to different breeds, different countries, and in different production systems); (2) to compare 6 mathematical methods to develop robust calibration equations for predicting the contents of individual FA in milk; and (3) to test interest in using the FA equations developed in milk as basis to predict FA content in fat without corrections for the slope and the bias of the developed equations. In total, 517 samples selected based on their spectral variability in 3 countries (Belgium, Ireland, and United Kingdom) from various breeds, @entity1 , and production systems were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The samples presenting the largest spectral variability were used to calibrate the prediction of FA by MIR. The remaining samples were used to externally validate the 28 FA equations developed. The 6 methods were (1) @entity4 ( @entity4 ); (2) @entity4 +repeatability file (REP); (3) first derivative of spectral data+ @entity4 ; (4) first derivative+REP+ @entity4 ; (5) second derivative of spectral data+ @entity4 ; and (6) second derivative+REP+ @entity4 . Methods were compared on the basis of the cross-validation coefficient of determination (R2cv), the ratio of standard deviation of GC values to the standard error of cross-validation (RPD), and the validation coefficient of determination (R2v). The third and fourth methods had, on average, the highest R2cv, RPD, and R2v. The final equations were built using all GC and the best accuracy was observed for the infrared predictions of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, @entity5 , C18:1 trans, C18:1 cis-9, C18:1 cis, and for some groups of FA studied in milk (saturated, monounsaturated, unsaturated, short-chain, medium-chain, and long-chain FA). These equations showed R2cv greater than 0.95. With R2cv equal to 0.85, the MIR prediction of polyunsaturated FA could be used to screen the @entity1 population. As previously published, infrared predictions of FA in fat are less accurate than those developed from FA content in milk (g/dL of milk) and no better results were obtained by using milk FA predictions if no corrections for bias and slope based on reference milk samples with known contents of FA were used. These results indicate the usefulness of equations with R2cv greater than 95% in milk payment systems and the usefulness of equations with R2cv greater than 75% for animal breeding purposes.

title: Mid-infrared prediction of XXXX milk @entity3 across multiple breeds, production systems, and countries.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Postoperative awake @entity0 may have significant residual @entity2 . In awake @entity0 , the results of accelerometry are affected by extra movements to which the thumb may be subject. In this study, we evaluated the repeatability of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) ratio using acceleromyography in 253 @entity0 recovering from anesthesia. Immediately after arrival in the postanesthesia care unit, the ulnar nerve was stimulated with @entity1 stimulation. The evoked response at the thumb was measured by the @entity1 -Watch apparatus. The current intensity was 30 mA. Two @entity1 stimulations were applied and recorded at 30-s intervals. A Bland-Altman test was used. The Kappa (kappa) test for clinical agreement between the two measurements was also calculated according to the presence or absence of a residual @entity2 , defined as a @entity1 ratio <0.9. According to the presence of a residual @entity2 , the paired @entity1 ratios were discordant in 61 @entity0 (24%; 95% confidence interval, 21%-27%). The kappa test indicated a moderate agreement (k = 0.47). We demonstrated that accelerometry as used in this study is not always accurate. Two isolated acceleromyograph @entity1 ratios are not an accurate representation of the neuromuscular status of the @entity0 recovering from anesthesia. IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians should be aware that acceleromyography as used in this study does not always provide precise @entity1 ratio measurements. Two isolated acceleromyograph @entity1 ratios are not an accurate representation of the neuromuscular status of the @entity0 recovering from anesthesia.

title: Assessing residual XXXX using acceleromyography can be deceptive in postoperative awake @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Postoperative awake @entity0 may have significant residual @entity2 . In awake @entity0 , the results of accelerometry are affected by extra movements to which the thumb may be subject. In this study, we evaluated the repeatability of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) ratio using acceleromyography in 253 @entity0 recovering from anesthesia. Immediately after arrival in the postanesthesia care unit, the ulnar nerve was stimulated with @entity1 stimulation. The evoked response at the thumb was measured by the @entity1 -Watch apparatus. The current intensity was 30 mA. Two @entity1 stimulations were applied and recorded at 30-s intervals. A Bland-Altman test was used. The Kappa (kappa) test for clinical agreement between the two measurements was also calculated according to the presence or absence of a residual @entity2 , defined as a @entity1 ratio <0.9. According to the presence of a residual @entity2 , the paired @entity1 ratios were discordant in 61 @entity0 (24%; 95% confidence interval, 21%-27%). The kappa test indicated a moderate agreement (k = 0.47). We demonstrated that accelerometry as used in this study is not always accurate. Two isolated acceleromyograph @entity1 ratios are not an accurate representation of the neuromuscular status of the @entity0 recovering from anesthesia. IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians should be aware that acceleromyography as used in this study does not always provide precise @entity1 ratio measurements. Two isolated acceleromyograph @entity1 ratios are not an accurate representation of the neuromuscular status of the @entity0 recovering from anesthesia.

title: Assessing residual @entity2 using acceleromyography can be deceptive in postoperative awake XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In animal hearts, the magnitude of integrated ultrasonic backscatter is increased in @entity5 . Our purpose in this study was to quantitate the relationship between ultrasonic backscatter and collagen deposition in 10 excised @entity0 hearts with old @entity4 . A 2.25 MHz, 50% fractional bandwidth transducer was positioned at the transducer focal distance from the epicardium of each specimen. The radio frequency backscatter signal was digitized, squared, and integrated to yield the integrated ultrasonic backscatter, which was referenced to the backscatter from a water/steel interface. The interrogated myocardium was then excised and divided into two portions. One portion was assayed for @entity3 , a marker for collagen. A second portion was sectioned, stained with Masson's trichrome, and studied with the use of a computer-assisted image analysis system. There was a linear correlation between the magnitude of integrated backscatter and myocardial collagen content estimated by @entity3 assay (r = .78). Quantitative histologic analysis revealed a variable relationship between the transmural distribution of collagen and the corresponding transmural pattern of the backscatter signal. In two specimens exhibiting a discrete @entity1 , the backscatter amplitude was also increased in the subendocardial region. In specimens with other patterns of @entity1 , the local backscatter amplitude did not correspond to the transmural pattern of collagen distribution. We conclude that the quantitative analysis of ultrasonic backscatter shows promise for the noninvasive evaluation of @entity2 after @entity4 .

title: Assessment of XXXX in infarcted @entity0 hearts by analysis of ultrasonic backscatter.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In animal hearts, the magnitude of integrated ultrasonic backscatter is increased in @entity5 . Our purpose in this study was to quantitate the relationship between ultrasonic backscatter and collagen deposition in 10 excised @entity0 hearts with old @entity4 . A 2.25 MHz, 50% fractional bandwidth transducer was positioned at the transducer focal distance from the epicardium of each specimen. The radio frequency backscatter signal was digitized, squared, and integrated to yield the integrated ultrasonic backscatter, which was referenced to the backscatter from a water/steel interface. The interrogated myocardium was then excised and divided into two portions. One portion was assayed for @entity3 , a marker for collagen. A second portion was sectioned, stained with Masson's trichrome, and studied with the use of a computer-assisted image analysis system. There was a linear correlation between the magnitude of integrated backscatter and myocardial collagen content estimated by @entity3 assay (r = .78). Quantitative histologic analysis revealed a variable relationship between the transmural distribution of collagen and the corresponding transmural pattern of the backscatter signal. In two specimens exhibiting a discrete @entity1 , the backscatter amplitude was also increased in the subendocardial region. In specimens with other patterns of @entity1 , the local backscatter amplitude did not correspond to the transmural pattern of collagen distribution. We conclude that the quantitative analysis of ultrasonic backscatter shows promise for the noninvasive evaluation of @entity2 after @entity4 .

title: Assessment of @entity1 in infarcted XXXX hearts by analysis of ultrasonic backscatter.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polysomnography is used to assess sleep quality and to gauge the functional effect of @entity1 . Few population-based data are available to estimate the variation in sleep architecture across the population and the extent to which @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a common health condition, contributes to poor sleep independent of other factors. The objective of this study was to describe the population variability in sleep quality and to quantify the independent associations with @entity2 . METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses were performed on data from 2685 @entity0 , aged 37 to 92 years, in a community-based multicenter cohort study. Dependent measures included the percentage time in each sleep stage, the arousal index, and sleep efficiency. Independent measures were age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidity status, and the respiratory disturbance index. RESULTS: Lighter sleep was found in @entity0 relative to @entity0 and in American Indians and blacks relative to other ethnic groups. Increasing age was associated with @entity1 in @entity0 , with less consistent associations in @entity0 . Notably, @entity0 had, on average, 106% more slow wave sleep. @entity1 @entity3 was associated with poorer sleep; however, these associations were generally smaller than associations with sex, ethnicity, and age. Current smokers had lighter sleep than ex-smokers or never smokers. Obesity had little effect on sleep. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep architecture varies with sex, age, ethnicity, and @entity2 . Individual assessment of the effect of @entity2 on sleep quality needs to account for other host characteristics. @entity0 , but not @entity0 , show evidence of poorer sleep with aging, suggesting important sex differences in sleep physiology.

title: The effects of age, sex, ethnicity, and sleep-disordered XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The natural course of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is variable and the role of immunosuppressive therapy is controversial. In our centre, the strategy has been conservative: the immunomodulating treatment (glucocorticoids and/or @entity2 ) has been targeted to @entity0 at high risk of developing progressive @entity1 and the cytotoxic drugs have been used cautiously. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to evaluate the efficacy of this strategy. METHODS: We evaluated the clinical course and outcome of @entity1 @entity0 diagnosed between 1993 and 2003. Risk assessment was done during an observation period of >= 6 months after the initial renal biopsy. @entity0 were followed up until death, the development of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or the last clinical visit (before December 2006). Treatments and their side effects were recorded. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-two @entity0 with @entity1 were diagnosed of which 81 were idiopathic. The clinical course of 76 @entity1 @entity0 (38 high risk and 38 low risk) were followed up [mean duration 66    40 (median 59) months]. Thirty-five @entity0 were treated with immunosuppressive drugs, and at last follow-up, 71% of them were in complete or partial remission. The overall response rate of this therapy was 83%. 11% of the high-risk @entity0 had reached @entity3 . For the high-risk @entity0 , 10-year survival (alive with glomerular filtration rate >10 mL/ @entity4 .73 m(2)) was 79%. No major side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that targeted, stepwise, cytotoxic drug-sparing immunosuppressive treatment in @entity1 was associated with favourable renal, as well as overall survival among @entity0 at risk of developing @entity3 .

title: Outcome of XXXX using targeted stepwise immunosuppressive treatment strategy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The possible impact of corneal thickness, curvature, and size on the measurement of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has largely been ignored in the normal eye. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible impact of the main corneal parameters on the analysis of @entity4 values at the central, superior, and temporal parts of the corneal surface. METHODS: All 75 @entity0 (52 females, 23 males) were assessed as part of a pre- @entity2 surgery investigation. The mean age was 75.7 ( @entity1 10.9) years. Confocal microscopy was used to measure @entity4 and the percentage of six sided cells at the central, superior, and temporal parts of the @entity3 . The Orbscan II topography system was used to measure corneal thickness, topography, and horizontal corneal diameter. RESULTS: The mean central @entity4 measured was 2488 ( @entity1 301) cells/mm(2), compared with 2525 ( @entity1 505) cells/mm(2) in the temporal @entity3 and 2639 ( @entity1 398) cells/mm(2) in the superior @entity3 . The regional differences in @entity4 were not significant (p>0.14). The central @entity4 was significantly correlated to the central (mean 0.593 ( @entity1 0.039) mm, p = 0.021) as well as the temporal (0.628 ( @entity1 0.039) mm, p<0.001) and the superior corneal thickness ( @entity1 0.644 ( @entity1 0.048) mm, p = 0.018). The mean corneal curvature at the centre (7.7 ( @entity1 0.34) mm, p = 0.002) as well as 3 and 5 mm from the apex was significantly related to @entity4 (p = 0.008 and p = 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that in an older population, lower @entity4 values would be expected in thinner and/or steeper corneas.

title: The effects of corneal parameters on the assessment of XXXX in the elderly eye.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: To the best of our knowledge, there are currently no recorded cytologic features of any effusion from @entity3 showing cytologic findings linked to rheumatoid @entity5 , although @entity12 have been described in the peritoneum. CASE: A 75-year-old @entity0 with longstanding, poorly controlled @entity4 was seen in our hospital after a motor vehicle collision. Computed tomography showed free fluid in the abdominal cavity. Laparoscopic examination revealed a large amount of nonhemorrhagic @entity6 fluid and no traumatic intraabdominal injuries. Abdominal and peritoneal surfaces appeared completely normal. The @entity6 fluid was aspirated through the laparoscope and sent for cytologic examination. Cytospin preparations revealed histiocytes and loosely cohesive clusters of small cytologically bland epithelioid cells amid acute inflammatory cells and granular @entity1 . Cell block material displayed transected fibroconnective tissue fragments lined by hyperplastic mesothelium with @entity7 . Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the mesothelial cells were positive for calretinin, @entity9 , and @entity10 . CONCLUSION: The ascites was attributed to peritoneal disease from @entity4 , based on the cytologic findings, immuno-profile, exclusion of other possible causes (i.e., @entity2 , @entity8 , @entity11 , or drugs), and @entity0 's clinical setting.

title: Laparoscopic aspiration cytology in XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effect of the products of autolysis on @entity3 serovar pomona was investigated in @entity1 kidney tissues and urine inoculated with this organism. No viable leptospires were found at 24 h or subsequently after inoculation of kidney tissues or urine. Leptospires and their soluble antigens were rapidly destroyed in tissues stored at 20 degrees C and could not be detected by the fluorescent-antibody test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. On the other hand, leptospires were detectable by dark-field microscopy and fluorescent-antibody test 38 days after addition to urine. The rate of destruction proceeded less rapidly in tissues stored at 4 degrees C. Under the conditions of this study, soluble leptospiral antigen levels decreased less rapidly than did the number of detectable leptospires. Similarly, breakdown of leptospires, demonstrated by dark-field microscopy and fluorescent-antibody test, progressed during the first 5 days after inoculation of urine, when levels of soluble leptospiral antigen remained constant. Although the number of intact leptospires was markedly reduced after freezing of tissues at -20 degrees C, soluble leptospiral antigen levels remained unaltered. Neither intact leptospires nor their soluble antigens were detected after preservation of tissues in @entity2 . However, formolization of urine delayed the destruction of leptospires and increased the levels of soluble leptospiral antigen during at least the first 5 days after inoculation. These results indicate that assays such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay should be useful for the detection of soluble leptospiral antigens in urine and in autolyzing tissues such as those taken from a @entity1 fetus aborted as a result of @entity0 .

title: Effects of products of autolysis of tissue and urine on the viability, morphology, and antigenicity of XXXX serovar pomona.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The gonococcal @entity0 receptor is composed of two distinct proteins, @entity1 and TbpB. @entity1 is a member of the TonB-dependent family of integral outer membrane transporters, while TbpB is lipid modified and thought to be peripherally surface exposed. We previously proposed a hypothetical topology model for gonococcal @entity1 that was based upon computer predictions and similarity with other TonB-dependent transporters for which crystal structures have been determined. In the present study, the hemagglutinin epitope was inserted into @entity1 to probe the surface topology of this protein and secondarily to test the functional impacts of site-specific mutagenesis. Twelve epitope insertion mutants were constructed, five of which allowed us to confirm the surface exposure of loops 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10. In contrast to the predictions set forth by the hypothetical model, insertion into the plug region resulted in an epitope that was surface accessible, while epitope insertions into two putative loops (9 and 11) were not surface accessible. Insertions into putative loop 3 and beta strand 9 abolished @entity0 binding and utilization, and the plug insertion mutant exhibited decreased @entity0 -binding affinity concomitant with an inability to utilize it. Insertion into putative beta strand 16 generated a mutant that was able to bind @entity0 normally but that was unable to mediate utilization. Mutants with insertions into putative loops 2, 9, and 11 maintained wild-type binding affinity but could utilize only @entity0 in the presence of TbpB. This is the first demonstration of the ability of TbpB to compensate for a mutation in @entity1 .

title: Determination of surface-exposed, functional domains of gonococcal XXXX -binding protein A.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 , the primary health problem in western life, is caused by the interaction of multiple factors. Absolute proof of the contributing role of physical inactivity is not possible owing to the complexity of the CHD problem and the infeasibility of a definitive clinical trial because of logistical and economic constraints. Despite limitations, existing epidemiologic studies strongly suggest, but fall short of proving, the concept that habitual physical exercise offers partial protection against primary or secondary events of CHD and associated mortality. However, experimental data support this hypothesis and provide evidence of possible mechanisms responsible for the protection. The available epidemiologic data also suggest that physical inactivity is probably not as potent an individual risk factor as elevated serum @entity1 levels, @entity0 , and cigarette smoking, and that the protective effects of exercise may be overwhelmed by high levels of these major risk factors. On the other hand, there is some evidence that exercise may attenuate other risk factors both directly and through associated weight reduction. Epidemiologic studies also suggest a dose response relationship between physical activity and rates of CHD. About 2000 kcal per week of moderate intensity, dynamic, endurance-type of exercise (such as walking or jogging about 20 miles per week) or at least one hour of intermittent hard physical labor are required to obtain the optimal effect of exercise on @entity2 rates. Experimental studies suggest that this amount of exercise should provide sufficient stimulus to favorably alter blood HDL @entity1 levels and perhaps other CHD risk factors, especially if there is an accompanying reduction in weight. Possible mechanisms for the protective effects of exercise against CHD are illustrated in Figure 1. Insistence on final experimental proof prior to prudent medical practice or public health policy on physical inactivity or other coronary risk factors indicates a lack of understanding of the nature of scientific proof and evidence required for health actions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Physical activity levels and XXXX . Analysis of epidemiologic and supporting studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Longitudinal associations of @entity5 with @entity2 events in @entity7 are unclear. In 50,732 incident Medicare dialysis @entity0 who had normal (18.5 to 24.9 kg/m(2)), low (<18.5 kg/m(2)), or high (> or = 25 kg/m(2)) body mass index (BMI) and initiated dialysis in the United States from January 1995 to December 1999 with reported measured @entity3 clearances and @entity4 ( @entity6 ; International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes 410.x and 411.x) were examined in parametric survival models. Normal BMI was the referent group. Twenty-four-hour urinary @entity3 (UCr) was used as a measure of muscle mass. There were 7213 (14.2%) hospitalized @entity6 events, 1528 (22%) of which were fatal ( @entity1 within 30 d). One-year post- @entity6 mortality was 48%. Low BMI (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; P = 0.02] was associated with lower hazard, and UCr was not predictive (NS) of hospitalized @entity6 in multivariable model. Low BMI (NS) was not associated with a composite end point of hospitalized @entity6 /suspected out-of-hospital @entity6 @entity1 , whereas lowest UCr quartile was associated with higher hazard (HR, 1.14; P < 0.001). Low BMI (HR, 1.24; P < 0.001) and decrease in UCr (highest quartile reference, second quartile HR, 1.11 [P < 0.001]; third quartile HR, 1.24 [P < 0.001]; and fourth quartile HR, 1.43 [P < 0.001]) were associated with increased hazard of @entity1 . Hospitalized @entity6 events in dialysis @entity0 carry very high immediate and long-term mortality. Positive longitudinal associations of @entity5 with documented hospitalized @entity6 events could not be demonstrated. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to provide definitive evidence of @entity5 as a uremic risk factor for @entity2 .

title: XXXX and @entity2 in dialysis @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Longitudinal associations of @entity5 with @entity2 events in @entity7 are unclear. In 50,732 incident Medicare dialysis @entity0 who had normal (18.5 to 24.9 kg/m(2)), low (<18.5 kg/m(2)), or high (> or = 25 kg/m(2)) body mass index (BMI) and initiated dialysis in the United States from January 1995 to December 1999 with reported measured @entity3 clearances and @entity4 ( @entity6 ; International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes 410.x and 411.x) were examined in parametric survival models. Normal BMI was the referent group. Twenty-four-hour urinary @entity3 (UCr) was used as a measure of muscle mass. There were 7213 (14.2%) hospitalized @entity6 events, 1528 (22%) of which were fatal ( @entity1 within 30 d). One-year post- @entity6 mortality was 48%. Low BMI (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; P = 0.02] was associated with lower hazard, and UCr was not predictive (NS) of hospitalized @entity6 in multivariable model. Low BMI (NS) was not associated with a composite end point of hospitalized @entity6 /suspected out-of-hospital @entity6 @entity1 , whereas lowest UCr quartile was associated with higher hazard (HR, 1.14; P < 0.001). Low BMI (HR, 1.24; P < 0.001) and decrease in UCr (highest quartile reference, second quartile HR, 1.11 [P < 0.001]; third quartile HR, 1.24 [P < 0.001]; and fourth quartile HR, 1.43 [P < 0.001]) were associated with increased hazard of @entity1 . Hospitalized @entity6 events in dialysis @entity0 carry very high immediate and long-term mortality. Positive longitudinal associations of @entity5 with documented hospitalized @entity6 events could not be demonstrated. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to provide definitive evidence of @entity5 as a uremic risk factor for @entity2 .

title: @entity5 and XXXX in dialysis @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Longitudinal associations of @entity5 with @entity2 events in @entity7 are unclear. In 50,732 incident Medicare dialysis @entity0 who had normal (18.5 to 24.9 kg/m(2)), low (<18.5 kg/m(2)), or high (> or = 25 kg/m(2)) body mass index (BMI) and initiated dialysis in the United States from January 1995 to December 1999 with reported measured @entity3 clearances and @entity4 ( @entity6 ; International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes 410.x and 411.x) were examined in parametric survival models. Normal BMI was the referent group. Twenty-four-hour urinary @entity3 (UCr) was used as a measure of muscle mass. There were 7213 (14.2%) hospitalized @entity6 events, 1528 (22%) of which were fatal ( @entity1 within 30 d). One-year post- @entity6 mortality was 48%. Low BMI (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; P = 0.02] was associated with lower hazard, and UCr was not predictive (NS) of hospitalized @entity6 in multivariable model. Low BMI (NS) was not associated with a composite end point of hospitalized @entity6 /suspected out-of-hospital @entity6 @entity1 , whereas lowest UCr quartile was associated with higher hazard (HR, 1.14; P < 0.001). Low BMI (HR, 1.24; P < 0.001) and decrease in UCr (highest quartile reference, second quartile HR, 1.11 [P < 0.001]; third quartile HR, 1.24 [P < 0.001]; and fourth quartile HR, 1.43 [P < 0.001]) were associated with increased hazard of @entity1 . Hospitalized @entity6 events in dialysis @entity0 carry very high immediate and long-term mortality. Positive longitudinal associations of @entity5 with documented hospitalized @entity6 events could not be demonstrated. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to provide definitive evidence of @entity5 as a uremic risk factor for @entity2 .

title: @entity5 and @entity2 in dialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association of @entity1 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and describe the imaging appearances and clinical relevance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one @entity0 who had undergone CT or MRI with reported @entity4 (> 8 cm) between 1997 and 2009 were identified retrospectively. Three readers interpreted 27 MRI studies, 36 CT studies, and 16 ultrasound studies of these @entity0 . Prevalence, extent, and imaging appearance of coexistent @entity5 in the surrounding liver parenchyma were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-two GCHs were identified in 41 @entity0 and @entity5 was present in 18 of 41 @entity0 (44%) with @entity4 . Twelve @entity0 had a diffuse pattern of @entity5 (67%), and six @entity0 showed a nodular pattern consisting of multiple coalescent nodules measuring < 5 mm (33%). There was no association between the size of the @entity4 and presence and extent of @entity5 . The common hepatic artery was enlarged (> 5 mm) in 14 @entity0 with @entity4 , of whom 12 had associated @entity5 . There was a statistically significant association between the size of the hepatic artery and presence of @entity5 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity5 is not rare in the liver parenchyma adjacent to a @entity4 . The presence and extent of @entity5 must be specifically communicated to referring physicians. Surgical candidates have to be carefully selected to avoid complications, such as excessive @entity2 and diminished risk of postoperative @entity3 from apparent overestimation of functional residual volume due to oversight of involved liver areas by @entity5 .

title: Association of XXXX with @entity4 in the adult population: prevalence, imaging appearance, and relevance.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association of @entity1 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and describe the imaging appearances and clinical relevance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one @entity0 who had undergone CT or MRI with reported @entity4 (> 8 cm) between 1997 and 2009 were identified retrospectively. Three readers interpreted 27 MRI studies, 36 CT studies, and 16 ultrasound studies of these @entity0 . Prevalence, extent, and imaging appearance of coexistent @entity5 in the surrounding liver parenchyma were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-two GCHs were identified in 41 @entity0 and @entity5 was present in 18 of 41 @entity0 (44%) with @entity4 . Twelve @entity0 had a diffuse pattern of @entity5 (67%), and six @entity0 showed a nodular pattern consisting of multiple coalescent nodules measuring < 5 mm (33%). There was no association between the size of the @entity4 and presence and extent of @entity5 . The common hepatic artery was enlarged (> 5 mm) in 14 @entity0 with @entity4 , of whom 12 had associated @entity5 . There was a statistically significant association between the size of the hepatic artery and presence of @entity5 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity5 is not rare in the liver parenchyma adjacent to a @entity4 . The presence and extent of @entity5 must be specifically communicated to referring physicians. Surgical candidates have to be carefully selected to avoid complications, such as excessive @entity2 and diminished risk of postoperative @entity3 from apparent overestimation of functional residual volume due to oversight of involved liver areas by @entity5 .

title: Association of @entity1 with XXXX in the adult population: prevalence, imaging appearance, and relevance.

answer: @entity4