abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity0 bone marrow endothelial cell conditioned medium (mBMEC-CM) on the growth of yolk sac hematopoietic progenitors. METHODS: The serum-free mBMEC-CM was obtained from subcultures of @entity0 endothelial cell line derived from bone marrow which was established in our laboratory. The @entity0 yolk sacs were harvested on day 8.5 postcoitus (pc) and incubated with 0.1% collagenase in 10% fetal calf serum at 37 degrees C for 40 minutes. Yolk sac cells were incubated in tissue culture dishes at 37 degrees C for 1 hour. Nonadherent cells were collected for semisolid culture assay of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming unit (CFU-GM) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) after being cultured in DMEM with 10% mBMEC-CM and 10% @entity3 for 24 hours. The number of @entity4 was counted at day 7 and day 14 respectively. RESULTS: The growth of @entity4 was supported by mBMEC-CM with @entity2 . mBMEC-CM could induce the proliferation and differentiation of yolk sac hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors in liquid culture system. The percentages of @entity4 compared with the 0 hour control were (119.5 +/- 5.7)% and (130.8 +/- 9.8)% respectively after 24 hours liquid culture (P < 0.05). The expansion effects of mBMEC-CM on @entity4 were enhanced by compounded with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity5 (TPO). The percentages of @entity4 compared with the 0 hour control were (132.0 +/- 6.2)% and (176.9 +/- 12.8)% respectively after 24 hours liquid culture (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity0 bone marrow endothelial cell conditioned medium could support the growth and proliferation of yolk sac hematopoitic stem cells and progenitors, and this promoting effect was further enhanced by addition of @entity6 and TPO.

title: [Effects of XXXX bone marrow endothelial cell conditioned medium on the growth of yolk sac hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors].

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Open surgical release remains the gold standard for treatment of recalcitrant @entity4 ( @entity4 ). We aimed to evaluate the potential impact of perioperative factors on outcome after open surgical release for @entity4 . METHODS: All @entity0 without @entity5 who underwent open surgical release for @entity4 from January 2000 to June 2006 were included in the study. Comorbidities and associated pathologies of the upper limb as well as @entity3 score, range of motion, evidence of instability, recurrence and other complications were noted. RESULTS: There were 37 female and 24 male @entity0 aged 22-60 (44.95 +/- 7.34) years. Five (8.1 percent) @entity0 had @entity1 . The mean duration of symptoms before surgery was 16.8 +/- 15.3 (range 2-84) months. The average duration of follow-up was 23.0 +/- 34.5 (range 0.4-206) months. Overall, 59 (96.7 percent) @entity0 reported improvement of symptoms post surgery. Median grip strength on the operated and unoperated sides were 25.5 +/- 9.0 (range 10.5-44.0) KgN and 23.7 +/- 9.1 (range 9.3-41.5) KgN, respectively. @entity0 with @entity1 had significantly higher @entity2 scores (2.80 versus 0.36, p-value less than 0.01, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] 1.2-3.7), reduced grip strength (0.91 KgN versus 1.06 KgN, p-value is 0.038, 95 percent CI 0.29-0.01) and higher recurrence rates (40 percent versus 7.7 percent, p-value is 0.018). CONCLUSION: @entity1 has a negative effect on surgical outcome in terms of @entity2 scores, grip strength ratio and recurrence rate. This should be reiterated during preoperative counselling.

title: Functional outcome assessment after open XXXX release: what are the predictor parameters?

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity6 is stored in synaptic vesicles in presynaptic neurons. It is released into the synaptic cleft to provide signalling to postsynaptic neurons. Normally, the astroglial @entity6 transporters @entity8 and @entity7 take up @entity6 to mediate a high signal-to-noise ratio in the synaptic signalling, and also to prevent excitotoxic effects by @entity6 . In astrocytes, @entity6 is transformed into @entity3 , which is safely transported back to neurons. However, in pathological conditions, such as an @entity0 or @entity2 , astroglial transporters are down-regulated which could lead to excitotoxicity. Lately, it was shown that even microglia can express @entity6 transporters during pathological events. Microglia have two systems for @entity6 transport: @entity8 for transport into the cells and the x (c) (-) system for transport out of the cells. We here review results from our work and others, which demonstrate that microglia in culture express @entity8 , but not @entity7 , and transport @entity6 from the extracellular space. We also show that @entity1 can induce increased microglial @entity8 expression, possibly associating the expression with inflammatory systems. Furthermore, @entity6 taken up through @entity8 may be used for direct incorporation into @entity5 and to fuel the intracellular @entity6 pool to allow @entity4 uptake through the x (c) (-) system. This can lead to a defence against oxidative stress and have an antiviral function.

title: Microglial self-defence mediated through @entity8 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity6 is stored in synaptic vesicles in presynaptic neurons. It is released into the synaptic cleft to provide signalling to postsynaptic neurons. Normally, the astroglial @entity6 transporters @entity8 and @entity7 take up @entity6 to mediate a high signal-to-noise ratio in the synaptic signalling, and also to prevent excitotoxic effects by @entity6 . In astrocytes, @entity6 is transformed into @entity3 , which is safely transported back to neurons. However, in pathological conditions, such as an @entity0 or @entity2 , astroglial transporters are down-regulated which could lead to excitotoxicity. Lately, it was shown that even microglia can express @entity6 transporters during pathological events. Microglia have two systems for @entity6 transport: @entity8 for transport into the cells and the x (c) (-) system for transport out of the cells. We here review results from our work and others, which demonstrate that microglia in culture express @entity8 , but not @entity7 , and transport @entity6 from the extracellular space. We also show that @entity1 can induce increased microglial @entity8 expression, possibly associating the expression with inflammatory systems. Furthermore, @entity6 taken up through @entity8 may be used for direct incorporation into @entity5 and to fuel the intracellular @entity6 pool to allow @entity4 uptake through the x (c) (-) system. This can lead to a defence against oxidative stress and have an antiviral function.

title: Microglial self-defence mediated through XXXX and @entity5 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The aim of this in vivo study was to examine the effect of intramammarily administered endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, @entity2 ) on the expression of L-selectin (CD62L) and the beta2-integrin subunits @entity5 and CD18 on circulating @entity0 PMN. Six early lactating @entity0 were infused with @entity1 @entity2 . The adhesion molecules under study were stained at the cell surface and analyzed flow cytometrically. In addition, some of the clinical parameters associated with adhesion molecule mobilization such as fever, blood @entity3 levels, somatic cell count (SCC), and total and differential blood leukocyte count were measured. In analogy with observations during clinical coliform @entity4 , a progressive decrease of CD62L expression levels was observed early after @entity2 infusion, concomitantly with a continuous rise of @entity5 and CD18 density. However, no correlation was found between the kinetics of @entity5 and CD18 density. The initial changes in adhesion molecule expression paralleled the decrease in blood PMN numbers, together with the increase in rectal temperature, @entity3 levels, SCC, and number of circulating immature PMN. In conclusion, intramammarily administered @entity2 seems to play an important role in modulating adhesion receptor expression on circulating @entity0 PMN. Interestingly, in contrast to coliform @entity4 , the net CD18 variation is not principally influenced by @entity5 upregulation during endotoxin administration. The knowledge of adhesion molecule kinetics in relation to the different parameters evaluated in the present study contributes to an improved understanding of the inflammatory reaction.

title: L-selectin and beta2-integrin expression on circulating XXXX polymorphonuclear leukocytes during endotoxin @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this in vivo study was to examine the effect of intramammarily administered endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, @entity2 ) on the expression of L-selectin (CD62L) and the beta2-integrin subunits @entity5 and CD18 on circulating @entity0 PMN. Six early lactating @entity0 were infused with @entity1 @entity2 . The adhesion molecules under study were stained at the cell surface and analyzed flow cytometrically. In addition, some of the clinical parameters associated with adhesion molecule mobilization such as fever, blood @entity3 levels, somatic cell count (SCC), and total and differential blood leukocyte count were measured. In analogy with observations during clinical coliform @entity4 , a progressive decrease of CD62L expression levels was observed early after @entity2 infusion, concomitantly with a continuous rise of @entity5 and CD18 density. However, no correlation was found between the kinetics of @entity5 and CD18 density. The initial changes in adhesion molecule expression paralleled the decrease in blood PMN numbers, together with the increase in rectal temperature, @entity3 levels, SCC, and number of circulating immature PMN. In conclusion, intramammarily administered @entity2 seems to play an important role in modulating adhesion receptor expression on circulating @entity0 PMN. Interestingly, in contrast to coliform @entity4 , the net CD18 variation is not principally influenced by @entity5 upregulation during endotoxin administration. The knowledge of adhesion molecule kinetics in relation to the different parameters evaluated in the present study contributes to an improved understanding of the inflammatory reaction.

title: L-selectin and beta2-integrin expression on circulating @entity0 polymorphonuclear leukocytes during endotoxin XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is the most frequent @entity0 @entity2 of Caucasian populations. Although the ultraviolet irradiation is a key contributor to the establishment of this keratinocyte malignancy, the @entity3 by some types of @entity4 ) has also been implicated in @entity5 development. Cancers occur as a result of a complex series of interactions between the @entity2 cell and its surrounding matrix. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a role in degrading the extracellular matrix. @entity6 is an important gelatinase involved in processes such as cell migration, invasion and @entity1 . In this report, we demonstrated by EMSA experiments that the @entity6 promoter contains a binding site for the transcriptional regulator E2 of HPV8. Transient reporter gene assays showed that HPV8-E2 activated the @entity6 promoter in a dose-dependent manner in @entity0 epidermal keratinocytes. An E2 transactivation-defective mutant ( @entity7 ) as well as a DNA-binding deficient mutant ( @entity8 ) demonstrated no activation of the @entity6 promoter, suggesting that both an intact transactivation and DNA-binding domain are required for E2 activation of the @entity6 -promoter. The functional role of the E2 binding site within the @entity6 promoter was also confirmed by mutating the E2 binding site. In organotypic cultures of @entity0 skin, an overexpression of @entity6 was observed in suprabasal layers of the HPV8 E2-expressing epidermis thus confirming the results of the monolayer cultures. These results demonstrate that the early gene E2 of HPV8 is able to increase the expression of @entity6 by direct activation of the @entity6 -promoter.

title: The E2 protein of XXXX type 8 increases the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in @entity0 keratinocytes and organotypic skin cultures.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is the most frequent @entity0 @entity2 of Caucasian populations. Although the ultraviolet irradiation is a key contributor to the establishment of this keratinocyte malignancy, the @entity3 by some types of @entity4 ) has also been implicated in @entity5 development. Cancers occur as a result of a complex series of interactions between the @entity2 cell and its surrounding matrix. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a role in degrading the extracellular matrix. @entity6 is an important gelatinase involved in processes such as cell migration, invasion and @entity1 . In this report, we demonstrated by EMSA experiments that the @entity6 promoter contains a binding site for the transcriptional regulator E2 of HPV8. Transient reporter gene assays showed that HPV8-E2 activated the @entity6 promoter in a dose-dependent manner in @entity0 epidermal keratinocytes. An E2 transactivation-defective mutant ( @entity7 ) as well as a DNA-binding deficient mutant ( @entity8 ) demonstrated no activation of the @entity6 promoter, suggesting that both an intact transactivation and DNA-binding domain are required for E2 activation of the @entity6 -promoter. The functional role of the E2 binding site within the @entity6 promoter was also confirmed by mutating the E2 binding site. In organotypic cultures of @entity0 skin, an overexpression of @entity6 was observed in suprabasal layers of the HPV8 E2-expressing epidermis thus confirming the results of the monolayer cultures. These results demonstrate that the early gene E2 of HPV8 is able to increase the expression of @entity6 by direct activation of the @entity6 -promoter.

title: The E2 protein of @entity4 type 8 increases the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in XXXX keratinocytes and organotypic skin cultures.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We report a case of type 1 complex regional @entity2 ( @entity6 ) of the left leg following the implantation of an artificial disc type in the L4/5 segment of the lumbar spine using a midline left-sided retroperitoneal approach. This approach included the mobilisation of the sympathetic trunk with incision and resection of the intervertebral disc. The perioperative and immediate postoperative periods were uneventful, but on the second postoperative day the @entity0 complained of a progressive @entity5 of the whole left leg in combination with @entity3 of the limb. Neurological examination did not reveal any @entity1 or paresis. A sympathetic reaction following the mobilisation of the sympathetic trunk during the ventral preparation of the spine was suspected and investigated further. A diagnosis of @entity6 was proposed, and the @entity0 was treated with @entity4 , co-analgesics for @entity2 alienation, and systemic corticosteroid therapy. A computed tomography-guided sympathetic block and lymphatic drainage were performed. Following conservative orthopaedic rehabilitation therapy, the degree of @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity3 , and swelling were reduced and the condition of the @entity0 was ameliorated. The cost-benefit ratio of spinal arthroplasty is still controversial. The utility of this paper is to debate a possible cause of a @entity2 , which can invalidate the results of a successful operation.

title: XXXX following artificial disc surgery: case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Management of a first-time @entity2 (FTASD) involves important clinical and policy decisions. @entity1 modeling can improve the quality of information disseminated in treatment discussions. In this paper, we describe a general-purpose, publicly available model and illustrate its potential as a tool for management of a FTASD. METHODS: A Markov decision model of the natural history of a FTASD was constructed. Outcome probabilities and effectiveness were derived from the literature or estimated by expert opinion where necessary. Outcomes were the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability index (WOSI) and the probability of a @entity0 experiencing recurrent instability, undergoing surgical stabilization, and having a stable shoulder at 10  years. The model was both internally and externally validated. Outcomes were examined for specific cases. RESULTS: The model was effectively externally validated against two studies, a Swedish prospective cohort of Hovelius et al and Botonni et al's military cohort. It can produce detailed outcome predictions for individuals; eg, an 18-year-old @entity0 has a 77% risk of dislocation in year 1 and a 32% chance of having a stable shoulder in 10 years. CONCLUSION: Detailed and specific information about prognosis is critical in the management of a FTASD. Disease modeling lends itself well to these needs and allows improved shared decision-making. Our model was externally validated and can predict specific outcomes. As a publically available resource, it will allow physicians to accurately predict the expected outcome of treatment based on covariates, @entity0 demographics, and their own surgical success rates.

title: A predictive model of shoulder instability after a first-time XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite a previously published randomized trial, controversy exists regarding the benefit of adding surgery to radiotherapy for metastatic @entity2 (MSCC). It is thought that @entity0 with MSCC from relatively radioresistant @entity1 or @entity1 associated with poor functional outcome after radiotherapy alone may benefit from surgery. This study focuses on these @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data from 67 @entity0 receiving surgery plus radiotherapy (S+RT) were matched to 134 @entity0 (1:2) receiving radiotherapy alone (RT). Groups were matched for 10 factors and compared for motor function, ambulatory status, local control, and survival. Additional separate matched-pair analyses were performed for @entity0 receiving direct decompressive surgery plus stabilization of involved vertebrae (DDSS) and @entity0 receiving laminectomy (LE). RESULTS: Improvement of motor function occurred in 22% of @entity0 after S+RT and 16% after RT (p=0.25). Posttreatment ambulatory rates were 67% and 61%, respectively (p=0.68). Of nonambulatory @entity0 , 29% and 19% (p=0.53) regained ambulatory status. One-year local control rates were 85% and 89% (p=0.87). One-year survival rates were 38% and 24% (p=0.20). The matched-pair analysis of @entity0 receiving LE showed no significant differences between both therapies. In the matched-pair analysis of @entity0 receiving DDSS, improvement of motor function occurred more often after DDSS+RT than RT (28% vs. 19%, p=0.024). Posttreatment ambulatory rates were 86% and 67% (p=0.30); 45% and 18% of @entity0 regained ambulatory status (p=0.29). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with MSCC from an unfavorable @entity1 appeared to benefit from DDSS but not LE when added to radiotherapy in terms of improved functional outcome.

title: Surgery followed by radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for metastatic XXXX from unfavorable @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite a previously published randomized trial, controversy exists regarding the benefit of adding surgery to radiotherapy for metastatic @entity2 (MSCC). It is thought that @entity0 with MSCC from relatively radioresistant @entity1 or @entity1 associated with poor functional outcome after radiotherapy alone may benefit from surgery. This study focuses on these @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data from 67 @entity0 receiving surgery plus radiotherapy (S+RT) were matched to 134 @entity0 (1:2) receiving radiotherapy alone (RT). Groups were matched for 10 factors and compared for motor function, ambulatory status, local control, and survival. Additional separate matched-pair analyses were performed for @entity0 receiving direct decompressive surgery plus stabilization of involved vertebrae (DDSS) and @entity0 receiving laminectomy (LE). RESULTS: Improvement of motor function occurred in 22% of @entity0 after S+RT and 16% after RT (p=0.25). Posttreatment ambulatory rates were 67% and 61%, respectively (p=0.68). Of nonambulatory @entity0 , 29% and 19% (p=0.53) regained ambulatory status. One-year local control rates were 85% and 89% (p=0.87). One-year survival rates were 38% and 24% (p=0.20). The matched-pair analysis of @entity0 receiving LE showed no significant differences between both therapies. In the matched-pair analysis of @entity0 receiving DDSS, improvement of motor function occurred more often after DDSS+RT than RT (28% vs. 19%, p=0.024). Posttreatment ambulatory rates were 86% and 67% (p=0.30); 45% and 18% of @entity0 regained ambulatory status (p=0.29). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with MSCC from an unfavorable @entity1 appeared to benefit from DDSS but not LE when added to radiotherapy in terms of improved functional outcome.

title: Surgery followed by radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for metastatic @entity2 from unfavorable XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSES: Bedside lung ultrasound (LUS) is useful in detecting radio-occult @entity5 . The aim of our study is to compare the value of LUS with other conventional routine diagnostic tools in the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) evaluation of @entity0 with @entity3 and silent chest radiography (CXR). METHODS: Ninety @entity0 consecutively admitted to the @entity4 with @entity3 and normal CXR were retrospectively (n = 49) and prospectively (n = 41) studied. All @entity0 were blindly examined by LUS and submitted to clinical examination and blood samples. The ability of blood tests and symptoms to predict any radio-occult @entity5 confirmed by conclusive image techniques and follow-up was evaluated and compared with LUS. RESULTS: In 57 cases, the final diagnosis was @entity6 . The other 33 @entity0 were diagnosed with a @entity5 (22 @entity2 , 2 @entity8 , 7 @entity7 , 1 @entity1 , 1 pneumothorax). Lung ultrasound showed a sensitivity of 96.97% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.68%-99.46%) and a specificity of 96.49% (95% CI, 88.08%-99.03%) in predicting radio-occult @entity5 and significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic analysis (AUC, 0.967; 95% CI, 0.929-1.00) than d-dimer (AUC, 0.815; 95% CI, 0.720-0.911) and white blood cell count (AUC, 0.778; 95% CI, 0.678-0.858). None of the other routine tests considered or a combination between them better predicted the final diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Chest radiography and blood tests may be inadequate in the diagnostic process of @entity3 . In case of silent CXR, LUS is critical for identifying @entity0 with @entity5 at bedside and cannot be safely replaced by other conventional methods.

title: A comparison of different diagnostic tests in the bedside evaluation of @entity3 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSES: Bedside lung ultrasound (LUS) is useful in detecting radio-occult @entity5 . The aim of our study is to compare the value of LUS with other conventional routine diagnostic tools in the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) evaluation of @entity0 with @entity3 and silent chest radiography (CXR). METHODS: Ninety @entity0 consecutively admitted to the @entity4 with @entity3 and normal CXR were retrospectively (n = 49) and prospectively (n = 41) studied. All @entity0 were blindly examined by LUS and submitted to clinical examination and blood samples. The ability of blood tests and symptoms to predict any radio-occult @entity5 confirmed by conclusive image techniques and follow-up was evaluated and compared with LUS. RESULTS: In 57 cases, the final diagnosis was @entity6 . The other 33 @entity0 were diagnosed with a @entity5 (22 @entity2 , 2 @entity8 , 7 @entity7 , 1 @entity1 , 1 pneumothorax). Lung ultrasound showed a sensitivity of 96.97% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.68%-99.46%) and a specificity of 96.49% (95% CI, 88.08%-99.03%) in predicting radio-occult @entity5 and significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic analysis (AUC, 0.967; 95% CI, 0.929-1.00) than d-dimer (AUC, 0.815; 95% CI, 0.720-0.911) and white blood cell count (AUC, 0.778; 95% CI, 0.678-0.858). None of the other routine tests considered or a combination between them better predicted the final diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Chest radiography and blood tests may be inadequate in the diagnostic process of @entity3 . In case of silent CXR, LUS is critical for identifying @entity0 with @entity5 at bedside and cannot be safely replaced by other conventional methods.

title: A comparison of different diagnostic tests in the bedside evaluation of XXXX in the @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Immunological memory responses to intracellular protozoa and extracellular helminths govern host resistance and susceptibility to reinfection. @entity0 and livestock living in @entity4 endemic regions face continuous exposure from a very early age that often leads to asymptomatic @entity1 over their entire lifespan. Fundamental immunological studies suggest that the generation of T-cell memory is driven by tightly coordinated innate and adaptive cellular immune responses rapidly triggered following initial @entity1 . A key distinguishing feature of immune memory maintenance between the majority of @entity4 and most @entity2 is long-term antigen persistence. Consequently, functional parasite immune memory is in a continuous, dynamic flux between activation and deactivation producing functional parasite killing or functional memory cell death. In this sense, T-cell immune memory can be regarded as " @entity3 ." Furthermore, due to the finite capacity of memory lymphocytes to proliferate, continuous parasite antigen stimulation may exceed a threshold level at some point in the chronically infected host. This may result in suboptimal effector immune memory leading to host susceptibility to reinfection, or immune dysregulation yielding disease reactivation or immune pathology. The goal of this review is to highlight, through numerous examples, what is currently known about T-cell immune memory to parasites and to provide compelling hypotheses on the survival and maintenance of parasite " @entity3 ." These novel concepts are discussed in the context of rationale parasite vaccine design strategies.

title: Parasites and immune responses: XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Infliximab (Ifx) is effective in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), etanercept (Eta) in @entity4 but not in @entity2 . The mechanisms underlying these clinical differences are not fully understood, but this knowledge could be valuable to identify responders and develop new treatments. This study compares Eta and Ifx in vitro regarding transmembrane @entity1 @entity3 factor alpha (tmb- @entity5 ) expression and @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity5 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) production in intestinal T lymphocytes. METHODS: T lymphocyte cultures were established from biopsies from 10 @entity2 @entity0 and three healthy controls. The cytokine production and the expression of tmb- @entity5 were measured in the presence of Ifx/Eta. RESULTS: Eta and Ifx downregulated the production of @entity6 and @entity7 in colonic T lymphocytes from @entity2 @entity0 and healthy controls. Both drugs bound tmb- @entity5 on activated T lymphocytes besides neutralising @entity5 , Eta less efficiently than Ifx (406 pg/ml (337-475); 133 pg/ml (119-147); p=0.004). @entity5 was detectable with the present assay in cell lines cultured in the presence of excess Eta. CONCLUSIONS: We have established that Eta is just as efficient as Ifx in downregulating @entity6 and @entity7 production in vitro and Eta bound to tmb- @entity5 . However, Eta bound the @entity5 molecule, important in @entity2 , less efficiently than Ifx.

title: The effect of etanercept and infliximab on the production of XXXX @entity3 factor alpha, @entity6 and @entity7 in in vivo activated intestinal T lymphocyte cultures.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Infliximab (Ifx) is effective in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), etanercept (Eta) in @entity4 but not in @entity2 . The mechanisms underlying these clinical differences are not fully understood, but this knowledge could be valuable to identify responders and develop new treatments. This study compares Eta and Ifx in vitro regarding transmembrane @entity1 @entity3 factor alpha (tmb- @entity5 ) expression and @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity5 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) production in intestinal T lymphocytes. METHODS: T lymphocyte cultures were established from biopsies from 10 @entity2 @entity0 and three healthy controls. The cytokine production and the expression of tmb- @entity5 were measured in the presence of Ifx/Eta. RESULTS: Eta and Ifx downregulated the production of @entity6 and @entity7 in colonic T lymphocytes from @entity2 @entity0 and healthy controls. Both drugs bound tmb- @entity5 on activated T lymphocytes besides neutralising @entity5 , Eta less efficiently than Ifx (406 pg/ml (337-475); 133 pg/ml (119-147); p=0.004). @entity5 was detectable with the present assay in cell lines cultured in the presence of excess Eta. CONCLUSIONS: We have established that Eta is just as efficient as Ifx in downregulating @entity6 and @entity7 production in vitro and Eta bound to tmb- @entity5 . However, Eta bound the @entity5 molecule, important in @entity2 , less efficiently than Ifx.

title: The effect of etanercept and infliximab on the production of @entity1 XXXX factor alpha, @entity6 and @entity7 in in vivo activated intestinal T lymphocyte cultures.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Infliximab (Ifx) is effective in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), etanercept (Eta) in @entity4 but not in @entity2 . The mechanisms underlying these clinical differences are not fully understood, but this knowledge could be valuable to identify responders and develop new treatments. This study compares Eta and Ifx in vitro regarding transmembrane @entity1 @entity3 factor alpha (tmb- @entity5 ) expression and @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity5 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) production in intestinal T lymphocytes. METHODS: T lymphocyte cultures were established from biopsies from 10 @entity2 @entity0 and three healthy controls. The cytokine production and the expression of tmb- @entity5 were measured in the presence of Ifx/Eta. RESULTS: Eta and Ifx downregulated the production of @entity6 and @entity7 in colonic T lymphocytes from @entity2 @entity0 and healthy controls. Both drugs bound tmb- @entity5 on activated T lymphocytes besides neutralising @entity5 , Eta less efficiently than Ifx (406 pg/ml (337-475); 133 pg/ml (119-147); p=0.004). @entity5 was detectable with the present assay in cell lines cultured in the presence of excess Eta. CONCLUSIONS: We have established that Eta is just as efficient as Ifx in downregulating @entity6 and @entity7 production in vitro and Eta bound to tmb- @entity5 . However, Eta bound the @entity5 molecule, important in @entity2 , less efficiently than Ifx.

title: The effect of etanercept and infliximab on the production of @entity1 @entity3 factor alpha, XXXX and @entity7 in in vivo activated intestinal T lymphocyte cultures.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Infliximab (Ifx) is effective in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), etanercept (Eta) in @entity4 but not in @entity2 . The mechanisms underlying these clinical differences are not fully understood, but this knowledge could be valuable to identify responders and develop new treatments. This study compares Eta and Ifx in vitro regarding transmembrane @entity1 @entity3 factor alpha (tmb- @entity5 ) expression and @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity5 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) production in intestinal T lymphocytes. METHODS: T lymphocyte cultures were established from biopsies from 10 @entity2 @entity0 and three healthy controls. The cytokine production and the expression of tmb- @entity5 were measured in the presence of Ifx/Eta. RESULTS: Eta and Ifx downregulated the production of @entity6 and @entity7 in colonic T lymphocytes from @entity2 @entity0 and healthy controls. Both drugs bound tmb- @entity5 on activated T lymphocytes besides neutralising @entity5 , Eta less efficiently than Ifx (406 pg/ml (337-475); 133 pg/ml (119-147); p=0.004). @entity5 was detectable with the present assay in cell lines cultured in the presence of excess Eta. CONCLUSIONS: We have established that Eta is just as efficient as Ifx in downregulating @entity6 and @entity7 production in vitro and Eta bound to tmb- @entity5 . However, Eta bound the @entity5 molecule, important in @entity2 , less efficiently than Ifx.

title: The effect of etanercept and infliximab on the production of @entity1 @entity3 factor alpha, @entity6 and XXXX in in vivo activated intestinal T lymphocyte cultures.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The @entity3 are the most effective antimalarial drugs known. They possess a remarkably wide therapeutic index. These agents have been used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine for more than 2,000 years but were not subjected to scientific scrutiny until the 1970s. The first formal clinical trials of the @entity3 , and the development of methods for their industrial scale production, followed rapidly. A decade later, Chinese scientists shared their findings with the rest of the world; since then, a significant body of international trial evidence has confirmed these drugs to be far superior to any available alternatives. In particular, they have the ability to rapidly kill a broad range of @entity2 stages at safe concentrations that are consistently achievable via standard dosing regimens. As their half-life is very short, there was also thought to be a low risk of resistance. These discoveries coincided with the appearance and spread of resistance to all the other major classes of antimalarials. As a result, the @entity3 now form an essential element of recommended first-line antimalarial treatment regimens worldwide. To minimize the risk of @entity1 resistance, they are recommended to be used to treat uncomplicated @entity0 in combination with other antimalarials as @entity1 combination therapies (ACTs). Their rollout has resulted in documented reductions in @entity0 prevalence in a number of African and Asian countries. Unfortunately, there are already worrisome early signs of @entity1 resistance appearing in western Cambodia. If this resistance were to spread, it would be disastrous for @entity0 control efforts worldwide. The enormous challenge for the international community is how to avert this catastrophe and preserve the effectiveness of this antimalarial "magic bullet". Drug Dev Res 71: 12-19, 2010.    2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

title: XXXX Antimalarials: Preserving the "Magic Bullet"

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-quality, cause-specific mortality data are critical for effective health policy. Yet vague cause of @entity4 codes, such as @entity5 , are highly prevalent in global mortality data. We propose an empirical method correcting mortality data for the use of @entity5 as an underlying cause of @entity4 . METHODS: We performed a regression analysis stratified by sex, age, and country development status on all available ICD-10 mortality data, consisting of 142 million deaths across 838 country-years. The analysis yielded predicted fractions with which to redistribute @entity5 -attributed deaths to the appropriate underlying causes of @entity4 . Age-adjusted @entity4 rates and rank causes of @entity4 before and after correction were calculated. RESULTS: @entity5 accounts for 3.1% of all deaths in the dataset. @entity6 has the highest redistribution proportion for ages 15-49 and 50+ in both sexes and country development levels, causing gains in age-adjusted @entity4 rates in both developed and developing countries. @entity7 and @entity2 also make significant rank gains. Reproductive-aged @entity0 in developing country-years yield the most diverse range of @entity5 causes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 becomes the No. 1 cause of @entity4 in several developed countries, including France and Japan, underscoring the @entity1 in high-income countries. Age-adjusted @entity4 rate increases for @entity6 in low- and middle-income countries, such as Argentina and South Africa, highlight the rise of the @entity1 in regions where public health efforts have historically focused on @entity3 . This method maximizes the use of available data, providing better evidence on major causes of @entity4 to inform policymakers in allocating finite resources.

title: Improving the public health utility of global cardiovascular mortality data: the rise of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral @entity4 (OCSCC) accounts for 2% to 3% of all @entity1 and has a high mortality rate. The majority of anticancer drugs are of natural origin. However, it is unknown whether the medicinal plant Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) is cytotoxic towards @entity3 ( @entity3 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity2 of thyme essential oil was investigated on the @entity3 cell line, UMSCC1. The IC       of thyme essential oil extract was 369  g/ml. Moreover, we performed pharmacogenomics analyses. RESULTS: Genes involved in the cell cycle, cell death and @entity1 were involved in the cytotoxic activity of thyme essential oil at the transcriptional level. The three most significantly regulated pathways by thyme essential oil were interferon signaling, N-glycan biosynthesis and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) signaling. CONCLUSION: Thyme essential oil inhibits @entity0 @entity3 cell growth. Based on pharmacogenomic approaches, novel insights into the molecular mode of anticancer activity of thyme are presented.

title: @entity2 of Thymus vulgaris essential oil towards @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral @entity4 (OCSCC) accounts for 2% to 3% of all @entity1 and has a high mortality rate. The majority of anticancer drugs are of natural origin. However, it is unknown whether the medicinal plant Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) is cytotoxic towards @entity3 ( @entity3 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity2 of thyme essential oil was investigated on the @entity3 cell line, UMSCC1. The IC       of thyme essential oil extract was 369  g/ml. Moreover, we performed pharmacogenomics analyses. RESULTS: Genes involved in the cell cycle, cell death and @entity1 were involved in the cytotoxic activity of thyme essential oil at the transcriptional level. The three most significantly regulated pathways by thyme essential oil were interferon signaling, N-glycan biosynthesis and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) signaling. CONCLUSION: Thyme essential oil inhibits @entity0 @entity3 cell growth. Based on pharmacogenomic approaches, novel insights into the molecular mode of anticancer activity of thyme are presented.

title: XXXX of Thymus vulgaris essential oil towards @entity0 @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral @entity4 (OCSCC) accounts for 2% to 3% of all @entity1 and has a high mortality rate. The majority of anticancer drugs are of natural origin. However, it is unknown whether the medicinal plant Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) is cytotoxic towards @entity3 ( @entity3 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity2 of thyme essential oil was investigated on the @entity3 cell line, UMSCC1. The IC       of thyme essential oil extract was 369  g/ml. Moreover, we performed pharmacogenomics analyses. RESULTS: Genes involved in the cell cycle, cell death and @entity1 were involved in the cytotoxic activity of thyme essential oil at the transcriptional level. The three most significantly regulated pathways by thyme essential oil were interferon signaling, N-glycan biosynthesis and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) signaling. CONCLUSION: Thyme essential oil inhibits @entity0 @entity3 cell growth. Based on pharmacogenomic approaches, novel insights into the molecular mode of anticancer activity of thyme are presented.

title: @entity2 of Thymus vulgaris essential oil towards XXXX @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The feasibility and reliability of combined use of transcranial and direct cortical motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring during unruptured @entity6 surgery were evaluated. Forty-eight @entity0 with unruptured @entity5 underwent @entity3 clipping accompanied by @entity2 monitoring. MEPs were elicited successfully by transcranial electrical stimulation in all @entity0 . Direct cortical stimulation elicited MEPs in 44 @entity0 . Reduction in MEP amplitude to less than 50% of baseline was considered significant. No postoperative motor paresis occurred in 39 @entity0 in whom transcranial and direct MEPs remained unchanged. Four @entity0 in whom direct MEPs could not be recorded had no intraoperative @entity1 . Four of the other 5 @entity0 manifested significant transient direct MEP changes without transcranial MEP changes. The transient MEP changes were observed in 3 @entity0 during temporary clipping of the parent artery and in one @entity0 with inadequate clipping of an @entity5 , and were considered due to insufficiency of blood flow. Decrease or disappearance of direct MEP waves recovered immediately after re-application of the clip and release of the temporary clip. Direct MEP waves disappeared and did not recover until the end of microsurgical procedures in one @entity0 , although transcranial MEP amplitude remained at less than 50% of baseline. She developed @entity7 postoperatively, which recovered within 6 hours. The duration of @entity4 in @entity0 with direct MEP changes was significantly longer than that in @entity0 without (p < 0.05). Direct MEP was sensitive in detecting ischemic stress to descending motor pathways during @entity6 surgery. Transcranial MEPs could be elicited in @entity0 in whom direct MEPs could not be obtained, and during periods such as craniotomy or after dural closure, in which direct MEPs could not be recorded. These findings suggest that combined transcranial and direct cortical MEP recording may improve the feasibility and reliability of MEP monitoring during unruptured @entity6 surgery.

title: Evaluation of combined use of transcranial and direct cortical motor evoked potential monitoring during unruptured XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the 1-yr follow-up effects of inpatient rehabilitation and its prolongation with an ambulatory training program on blood pressure and metabolic risk factors in @entity0 after an @entity3 . DESIGN: A controlled (n = 20) prospective study was undertaken. The study group consisted of 54 consecutive @entity0 participating in a 3-wk inpatient rehabilitation. Of these, 14 chose to continue the training for 3 mos (CR_In+Amb group) and 40 declined (CR_In group). RESULTS: Body mass index increased in the CR_In and control groups. The magnitude of change was greater in controls (2.2    2.14 vs. 0.7    1.70 kg/m; P < 0.05). Waist circumference increased only in the control group, and at 12 mos, it was higher than in the CR_In and CR_In+Amb groups (P < 0.05). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased in the CR_In (from 121/76 to 130/82 mm Hg; P < 0.01) and control (from 122/74 to 139/87 mm Hg; P < 0.01) groups. At 12 mos, blood pressure in the CR_In group was lower than in the control group but higher than in the CR_In+Amb group (119/77 mm Hg; P < 0.05). Total @entity1 , low-density lipoprotein @entity1 level, and @entity2 level at 12 mos were higher in the control group than in the CR_In and CR_In+Amb groups (P < 0.05). @entity4 decreased in the CR_In and CR_In+Amb groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Inpatient rehabilitation was associated with beneficial effects on blood lipids and @entity4 in coronary @entity0 and attenuated the rise in blood pressure and adiposity indices observed in nonparticipants. Prolongation of rehabilitation with an ambulatory program improved blood pressure control.

title: Early phase 2 inpatient rehabilitation after XXXX treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention: short- and long-term effects on blood pressure and metabolic parameters.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 @entity0 , on average, gain weight after deep brain stimulation (DBS). OBJECTIVE: To determine potential differences in @entity3 when comparing the subthalamic nucleus and the globus pallidus internus target. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the prospective, randomized cohort of National Institutes of Health COMPARE trial DBS @entity0 who received unilateral subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus DBS. Baseline weights were recorded before DBS surgery and at 6, 12, and 18 months postoperatively. Relationships between weight change and changes in Beck Depression Inventory score, Unified @entity1 Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score (part III) (also the @entity2 duration and disability subscores from UPDRS IV), and Hoehn-Yahr stage were determined via Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficients. Regression analyses were performed to investigate the effects of potential factors on weight change over time. RESULTS: @entity0 in the COMPARE DBS cohort gained a significant amount of weight, a mean of 4.86 lb (standard deviation = 8.73) (P = .001), but there was no significant difference between subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus targets ( @entity3 of 4.29    6.79 and 5.38    10.32 lb, respectively; P = .68). Weight gain did not correlate with Beck Depression Inventory score change, UPDRS motor score, @entity2 duration, @entity2 disability change, or the Hoehn-Yahr stage (P = .62, .21, and .31, respectively). No specific variable was associated with @entity3 , and there were no differences in binge eating post-surgery in either target. CONCLUSION: There were significant changes in weight over time after DBS therapy. However, neither Beck Depression Inventory score change nor UPDRS score change or @entity2 was correlated with @entity3 . No significant factor was associated with the weight change.

title: Weight changes in subthalamic nucleus vs globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation: results from the COMPARE XXXX deep brain stimulation cohort.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is the most @entity1 in the United States. Multiple modalities of therapy are utilized in the management of the disease. The role of surgery remains important in the treatment of this disease and is described herein. METHODS: Medline and PubMed were utilized to search the English language medical literature up to March 2010. A broad range of studies and quality of data were analyzed, including prospective studies, case control analyses, and meta-analyses. When possible, the highest level of evidence was reviewed and presented. RESULTS: For the medically fit @entity0 , optimal cytoreductive surgery positively impacts survival. For some highly selected @entity0 , there is a role for a minimally invasive approach. In the recurrent setting, factors such as interval to recurrence and the distribution of disease will determine the utility of secondary cytoreductive surgery. A subgroup of @entity0 may benefit from palliative surgical procedures in the recurrent setting. CONCLUSIONS: Despite advances in the use of chemotherapy and biologic agents, surgery remains an important modality in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity2 .

title: The role of surgery in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity2 ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) gene therapy improves mechanical function in @entity3 and is under evaluation in a clinical trial. A critical question is whether SERCA2a gene therapy predisposes to increased sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity2 (SR @entity1 ) leak, cellular triggered activity, and @entity4 in the failing heart. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied the influence of SERCA2a gene therapy on ventricular arrhythmogenesis in a @entity0 @entity3 model. ECG telemetry studies revealed a significant antiarrhythmic effect of SERCA2a gene therapy with reduction of both spontaneous and @entity5 -induced @entity4 in vivo. SERCA2a gene therapy also reduced susceptibility to reentry @entity4 in ex vivo programmed electrical stimulation studies. Subcellular @entity1 homeostasis and spontaneous SR @entity1 leak characteristics were measured in failing cardiomyocytes transfected in vivo with a novel AAV9.SERCA2a vector. SR @entity1 leak was reduced after SERCA2a gene therapy, with reversal of the greater spark mass observed in the failing myocytes, despite normalization of SR @entity1 load. SERCA2a reduced @entity6 receptor phosphorylation, thereby resetting SR @entity1 leak threshold, leading to reduced triggered activity in vitro. Both indirect effects of reverse remodeling and direct SERCA2a effects appear to underlie the antiarrhythmic action. CONCLUSIONS: SERCA2a gene therapy stabilizes SR @entity1 load, reduces @entity6 receptor phosphorylation and decreases SR @entity1 leak, and reduces cellular triggered activity in vitro and spontaneous and @entity5 -induced @entity4 in vivo in failing hearts. SERCA2a gene therapy did not therefore predispose to @entity4 and may represent a novel antiarrhythmic strategy in @entity3 .

title: SERCA2a gene transfer decreases sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity2 leak and reduces @entity4 in a model of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity2 ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) gene therapy improves mechanical function in @entity3 and is under evaluation in a clinical trial. A critical question is whether SERCA2a gene therapy predisposes to increased sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity2 (SR @entity1 ) leak, cellular triggered activity, and @entity4 in the failing heart. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied the influence of SERCA2a gene therapy on ventricular arrhythmogenesis in a @entity0 @entity3 model. ECG telemetry studies revealed a significant antiarrhythmic effect of SERCA2a gene therapy with reduction of both spontaneous and @entity5 -induced @entity4 in vivo. SERCA2a gene therapy also reduced susceptibility to reentry @entity4 in ex vivo programmed electrical stimulation studies. Subcellular @entity1 homeostasis and spontaneous SR @entity1 leak characteristics were measured in failing cardiomyocytes transfected in vivo with a novel AAV9.SERCA2a vector. SR @entity1 leak was reduced after SERCA2a gene therapy, with reversal of the greater spark mass observed in the failing myocytes, despite normalization of SR @entity1 load. SERCA2a reduced @entity6 receptor phosphorylation, thereby resetting SR @entity1 leak threshold, leading to reduced triggered activity in vitro. Both indirect effects of reverse remodeling and direct SERCA2a effects appear to underlie the antiarrhythmic action. CONCLUSIONS: SERCA2a gene therapy stabilizes SR @entity1 load, reduces @entity6 receptor phosphorylation and decreases SR @entity1 leak, and reduces cellular triggered activity in vitro and spontaneous and @entity5 -induced @entity4 in vivo in failing hearts. SERCA2a gene therapy did not therefore predispose to @entity4 and may represent a novel antiarrhythmic strategy in @entity3 .

title: SERCA2a gene transfer decreases sarcoplasmic reticulum XXXX leak and reduces @entity4 in a model of @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity2 ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) gene therapy improves mechanical function in @entity3 and is under evaluation in a clinical trial. A critical question is whether SERCA2a gene therapy predisposes to increased sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity2 (SR @entity1 ) leak, cellular triggered activity, and @entity4 in the failing heart. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied the influence of SERCA2a gene therapy on ventricular arrhythmogenesis in a @entity0 @entity3 model. ECG telemetry studies revealed a significant antiarrhythmic effect of SERCA2a gene therapy with reduction of both spontaneous and @entity5 -induced @entity4 in vivo. SERCA2a gene therapy also reduced susceptibility to reentry @entity4 in ex vivo programmed electrical stimulation studies. Subcellular @entity1 homeostasis and spontaneous SR @entity1 leak characteristics were measured in failing cardiomyocytes transfected in vivo with a novel AAV9.SERCA2a vector. SR @entity1 leak was reduced after SERCA2a gene therapy, with reversal of the greater spark mass observed in the failing myocytes, despite normalization of SR @entity1 load. SERCA2a reduced @entity6 receptor phosphorylation, thereby resetting SR @entity1 leak threshold, leading to reduced triggered activity in vitro. Both indirect effects of reverse remodeling and direct SERCA2a effects appear to underlie the antiarrhythmic action. CONCLUSIONS: SERCA2a gene therapy stabilizes SR @entity1 load, reduces @entity6 receptor phosphorylation and decreases SR @entity1 leak, and reduces cellular triggered activity in vitro and spontaneous and @entity5 -induced @entity4 in vivo in failing hearts. SERCA2a gene therapy did not therefore predispose to @entity4 and may represent a novel antiarrhythmic strategy in @entity3 .

title: SERCA2a gene transfer decreases sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity2 leak and reduces XXXX in a model of @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUD: There is yet no gold standard for making the diagnosis of acute onset @entity2 (A-AIH). Novel histological characteristics have been reported, but etiologies other than AIH could show similar histological pattern. We attempted to determine what clinical characteristics we should consider as A-AIH different from other etiologies, and to whom histological characteristics should be applied for the diagnosis. METHODS: Clinical, biochemical, immunological and pathological features of 46 @entity0 (35 @entity0 , mean age 55.9    14.2 years) with non-severe A-AIH admitted to a community hospital between 2001 and 2015 were analyzed. RESULTS: Immunoglobulin G level was normal in 28%, and anti-nuclear antibody titer was < x 80 in 28%. Liver histology of 49% showed acute form and 51% chronic one. Centrilobular @entity1 /collapse and/or plasma cell accumulation, rosette formation were characteristic for A-AIH. High levels of @entity3 aminotranferase persisted in 21 @entity0 who could be observed for equal to or more than 4 weeks before the start of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Long persistence of high levels of ALT would be one of clinical features for considering A-AIH along with conventional features. Histological diagnostic features should be applied for such @entity0 . Guidelines for diagnosing A-AIH should be urgently drawn up. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: High level of persistent liver injury is one of clinical characteristics in treatment-na  ve acute onset XXXX : experience in a community hospital.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraosseous (IO) needle insertion is often utilized in the adult population for critical resuscitation purposes. Standard insertion sites include the proximal humerus and proximal tibia, for which limited comparison data are available. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the frequencies of IO first-attempt success between humeral and tibial sites in out-of-hospital @entity1 . METHODS: This observational study was conducted in an urban setting between August 28, 2009, and October 31, 2009, and included all medical @entity1 @entity0 for whom resuscitative efforts were performed. @entity1 protocols stipulate that paramedics insert an IO line for initial vascular access. During the first month of the study, the proximal humerus was the preferred primary insertion site, whereas the tibia was preferred throughout the second month. The primary outcome was first-attempt success, defined as secure IO needle position in the marrow cavity and normal fluid flow. Any needle dislodgment during resuscitation was also recorded. The association between first-attempt IO success and initial IO insertion location was analyzed using a test of independent proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the difference in proportions. RESULTS: There were 88 @entity1 @entity0 receiving IO placement, with 58 (65.9%) @entity0 receiving their initial IO attempt in the tibia. The rate of first-time IO success at the tibia was significantly higher than that observed at the humerus (89.7% vs. 60.0%; p < 0.01). There were 18 initial successes at the humerus; for six (33.3%) of these, the needle became dislodged during resuscitation, compared with 52 initial successes at the tibia, with three (5.8%) dislodgments. The rate of total success for initial IO placements was significantly lower for the humerus (40.0%) compared with that for the tibia (84.5%; p < 0.01) during resuscitation efforts. CONCLUSIONS: In this subset of @entity0 , tibial IO needle placement appeared to be a more effective insertion site than the proximal humerus. Success rates were higher with a lower incidence of needle dislodgments. Further randomized studies are required in order to validate these results.

title: Comparison of first-attempt success between tibial and humeral intraosseous insertions during out-of-hospital XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 2% @entity2 -enriched diet on @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and the serum levels of pro-oxidants and anti-oxidant enzymes, in @entity1 with experimental @entity9 . METHODS: The @entity1 were randomized into the following groups: Group C (standart diet / periodontally healthy), Group Hc (high- @entity2 diet), Group HcP (high- @entity2 diet / @entity9 ), Group @entity9 (standart diet / @entity9 ). All @entity1 were fed for 8 weeks. At 6 weeks, experimental @entity9 was induced. At the end of the 8th week, the @entity1 were sacrificed. Histomorphometric and histopathological analysis were performed. The @entity6 ( @entity7 ), @entity5 (NO), @entity3 dismutase and @entity8 peroxidase (GPX) levels in serum were measured with ELISA. RESULTS: The experiment groups exhibited increases in total @entity2 , low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein compared with the C group. The @entity2 -enriched diet induced @entity4 in the Hc group. The HcP and @entity9 groups had more extensive @entity4 . The most polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in periodontal tissues was found in the HcP group. @entity7 in all experiment groups were higher than that of the C group but only in the @entity10 group was significant. High @entity2 diet, with or without @entity9 resulted in more decreases in GPX and more increases in NO compared to the @entity9 group. CONCLUSION: However any additive effect of @entity2 -enriched diet to @entity4 was not found in @entity1 with ligature-induced experimental @entity9 , these findings revealed that a @entity2 -enriched diet could lead to @entity4 and increase in periodontal @entity0 and serum pro-oxidants.

title: Is a @entity2 -Enriched Diet a Risk Factor for XXXX ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 2% @entity2 -enriched diet on @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and the serum levels of pro-oxidants and anti-oxidant enzymes, in @entity1 with experimental @entity9 . METHODS: The @entity1 were randomized into the following groups: Group C (standart diet / periodontally healthy), Group Hc (high- @entity2 diet), Group HcP (high- @entity2 diet / @entity9 ), Group @entity9 (standart diet / @entity9 ). All @entity1 were fed for 8 weeks. At 6 weeks, experimental @entity9 was induced. At the end of the 8th week, the @entity1 were sacrificed. Histomorphometric and histopathological analysis were performed. The @entity6 ( @entity7 ), @entity5 (NO), @entity3 dismutase and @entity8 peroxidase (GPX) levels in serum were measured with ELISA. RESULTS: The experiment groups exhibited increases in total @entity2 , low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein compared with the C group. The @entity2 -enriched diet induced @entity4 in the Hc group. The HcP and @entity9 groups had more extensive @entity4 . The most polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in periodontal tissues was found in the HcP group. @entity7 in all experiment groups were higher than that of the C group but only in the @entity10 group was significant. High @entity2 diet, with or without @entity9 resulted in more decreases in GPX and more increases in NO compared to the @entity9 group. CONCLUSION: However any additive effect of @entity2 -enriched diet to @entity4 was not found in @entity1 with ligature-induced experimental @entity9 , these findings revealed that a @entity2 -enriched diet could lead to @entity4 and increase in periodontal @entity0 and serum pro-oxidants.

title: Is a XXXX -Enriched Diet a Risk Factor for @entity4 ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormal @entity4 after traumatic @entity5 is a common finding. Some studies have proposed these changes as useful predictors of outcome in @entity0 with @entity2 . This study aimed at evaluating the association of the routine tests of @entity4 within the first hours after severe @entity2 with prognosis of @entity0 with severe @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 52 @entity0 with severe @entity2 (Glasgow @entity3 Scale [GCS],  <=8) were admitted at Tabriz University Hospital for 1 year. @entity0 with major accompanying @entity1 were excluded. On admission, serum levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit as well as the platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and international normalized ratio (INR) were documented. The relation between these parameters with final outcome and also with GCS at admission, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 1 week after admission and discharge time and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) were studied. RESULTS: Thirty three @entity0 were discharged, and 19 died. There were significant negative correlations between PT, PTT, and INR with all GCS and GOS scores. These correlations were significant and positive between the platelet count and all GCS and GOS scores. Median PT, PTT, and INR were significantly higher in nonsurvivors. Median serum platelets count was significantly lower in nonsurvivors. CONCLUSION: On-admission PT, PTT, INR and platelet count may be used as predictors of outcome and prognosis of @entity0 with severe @entity2 .

title: Correlation between @entity4 and outcome in severe XXXX in neurointensive care and @entity1 units.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormal @entity4 after traumatic @entity5 is a common finding. Some studies have proposed these changes as useful predictors of outcome in @entity0 with @entity2 . This study aimed at evaluating the association of the routine tests of @entity4 within the first hours after severe @entity2 with prognosis of @entity0 with severe @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 52 @entity0 with severe @entity2 (Glasgow @entity3 Scale [GCS],  <=8) were admitted at Tabriz University Hospital for 1 year. @entity0 with major accompanying @entity1 were excluded. On admission, serum levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit as well as the platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and international normalized ratio (INR) were documented. The relation between these parameters with final outcome and also with GCS at admission, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 1 week after admission and discharge time and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) were studied. RESULTS: Thirty three @entity0 were discharged, and 19 died. There were significant negative correlations between PT, PTT, and INR with all GCS and GOS scores. These correlations were significant and positive between the platelet count and all GCS and GOS scores. Median PT, PTT, and INR were significantly higher in nonsurvivors. Median serum platelets count was significantly lower in nonsurvivors. CONCLUSION: On-admission PT, PTT, INR and platelet count may be used as predictors of outcome and prognosis of @entity0 with severe @entity2 .

title: Correlation between XXXX and outcome in severe @entity2 in neurointensive care and @entity1 units.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormal @entity4 after traumatic @entity5 is a common finding. Some studies have proposed these changes as useful predictors of outcome in @entity0 with @entity2 . This study aimed at evaluating the association of the routine tests of @entity4 within the first hours after severe @entity2 with prognosis of @entity0 with severe @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 52 @entity0 with severe @entity2 (Glasgow @entity3 Scale [GCS],  <=8) were admitted at Tabriz University Hospital for 1 year. @entity0 with major accompanying @entity1 were excluded. On admission, serum levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit as well as the platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and international normalized ratio (INR) were documented. The relation between these parameters with final outcome and also with GCS at admission, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 1 week after admission and discharge time and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) were studied. RESULTS: Thirty three @entity0 were discharged, and 19 died. There were significant negative correlations between PT, PTT, and INR with all GCS and GOS scores. These correlations were significant and positive between the platelet count and all GCS and GOS scores. Median PT, PTT, and INR were significantly higher in nonsurvivors. Median serum platelets count was significantly lower in nonsurvivors. CONCLUSION: On-admission PT, PTT, INR and platelet count may be used as predictors of outcome and prognosis of @entity0 with severe @entity2 .

title: Correlation between @entity4 and outcome in severe @entity2 in neurointensive care and XXXX units.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cetuximab (Erbitux  ) targets the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and is approved for treatment of @entity3 . Despite wide expression of @entity5 , only a subgroup of @entity2 @entity0 responds to cetuximab therapy. In the present study we assessed the cetuximab response in vivo of 79 @entity0 @entity0 -derived xenografts originating from five @entity2 histotypes. We analysed basic @entity2 characteristics including @entity5 expression and activation, mutational status of @entity7 , @entity6 and @entity10 , the expression of @entity5 ligands and the activation of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor MET. Based on these results, a cetuximab response score including positive and negative factors affecting therapeutic response is proposed. Positive factors are high expression and activation of @entity5 and its ligands epiregulin or @entity8 , negative factors are markers for downstream pathway activation independent of @entity5 . In cetuximab resistant @entity11 @entity4 LXFA 526 and LXFA 1647, overexpression due to gene amplification and strong activation of MET was identified. Knock-down of MET by siRNA in the corresponding cell lines showed that anchorage-independent growth and migration are dependent on MET. MET knock down sensitized LXFA 526L and LXFA 1647L to EGF. Combined treatments of a MET inhibitor and cetuximab were additive. Therefore, combination therapy of cetuximab and a MET inhibitor in selected @entity1 @entity0 could be of high clinical significance.

title: Primary resistance to cetuximab in a panel of @entity0 -derived XXXX xenograft models: activation of MET as one mechanism for drug resistance.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Cetuximab (Erbitux  ) targets the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and is approved for treatment of @entity3 . Despite wide expression of @entity5 , only a subgroup of @entity2 @entity0 responds to cetuximab therapy. In the present study we assessed the cetuximab response in vivo of 79 @entity0 @entity0 -derived xenografts originating from five @entity2 histotypes. We analysed basic @entity2 characteristics including @entity5 expression and activation, mutational status of @entity7 , @entity6 and @entity10 , the expression of @entity5 ligands and the activation of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor MET. Based on these results, a cetuximab response score including positive and negative factors affecting therapeutic response is proposed. Positive factors are high expression and activation of @entity5 and its ligands epiregulin or @entity8 , negative factors are markers for downstream pathway activation independent of @entity5 . In cetuximab resistant @entity11 @entity4 LXFA 526 and LXFA 1647, overexpression due to gene amplification and strong activation of MET was identified. Knock-down of MET by siRNA in the corresponding cell lines showed that anchorage-independent growth and migration are dependent on MET. MET knock down sensitized LXFA 526L and LXFA 1647L to EGF. Combined treatments of a MET inhibitor and cetuximab were additive. Therefore, combination therapy of cetuximab and a MET inhibitor in selected @entity1 @entity0 could be of high clinical significance.

title: Primary resistance to cetuximab in a panel of XXXX -derived @entity2 xenograft models: activation of MET as one mechanism for drug resistance.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nasal closure has been shown to effectively manage severe @entity2 refractory to other treatments in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The nasal closure procedure may be underutilized because of its surgical @entity4 . METHODS: This work is a retrospective review of 13 @entity3 @entity0 treated for severe @entity2 with nasal closure between 2005 and 2013. Operating room (OR) time, need for revision surgery, preprocedure, and @entity2 severity score (ESS), complete blood count values, and Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) questionnaire results were collected for each @entity0 . The technique is described. We characterize a typical nasal closure @entity0 and compare outcomes based on our experience with the traditional 3-flap closure and a simplified 2-flap nasal closure procedure. RESULTS: The average candidate for nasal closure in this series had an ESS of 7.88, hemoglobin (Hgb) of 8.3 g/dL, and received multiple transfusions, @entity1 therapy, and cautery/coagulation procedures. Average ESS subsequent to nasal closure using the 2-flap method is 0.92 and mean GBI score is 56.3. Comparison of 5 @entity0 who underwent the traditional 3-flap nasal closure procedure and 8 @entity0 receiving the 2-flap nasal closure showed no significant difference in postoperative ESS or GBI metrics. Mean operating room times of the traditional and simplified methods were 3.12 hours and 1.44 hours (p = 0.0001). Mean time to first revision for 8 nasal closure @entity0 was 21.5 months. CONCLUSION: In short-term follow-up, the 2-flap procedure showed comparable effectiveness with significantly reduced complexity and operative time compared to the traditional nasal closure method.

title: Treatment of severe @entity2 in XXXX using a two-flap nasal closure method.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nasal closure has been shown to effectively manage severe @entity2 refractory to other treatments in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The nasal closure procedure may be underutilized because of its surgical @entity4 . METHODS: This work is a retrospective review of 13 @entity3 @entity0 treated for severe @entity2 with nasal closure between 2005 and 2013. Operating room (OR) time, need for revision surgery, preprocedure, and @entity2 severity score (ESS), complete blood count values, and Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) questionnaire results were collected for each @entity0 . The technique is described. We characterize a typical nasal closure @entity0 and compare outcomes based on our experience with the traditional 3-flap closure and a simplified 2-flap nasal closure procedure. RESULTS: The average candidate for nasal closure in this series had an ESS of 7.88, hemoglobin (Hgb) of 8.3 g/dL, and received multiple transfusions, @entity1 therapy, and cautery/coagulation procedures. Average ESS subsequent to nasal closure using the 2-flap method is 0.92 and mean GBI score is 56.3. Comparison of 5 @entity0 who underwent the traditional 3-flap nasal closure procedure and 8 @entity0 receiving the 2-flap nasal closure showed no significant difference in postoperative ESS or GBI metrics. Mean operating room times of the traditional and simplified methods were 3.12 hours and 1.44 hours (p = 0.0001). Mean time to first revision for 8 nasal closure @entity0 was 21.5 months. CONCLUSION: In short-term follow-up, the 2-flap procedure showed comparable effectiveness with significantly reduced complexity and operative time compared to the traditional nasal closure method.

title: Treatment of severe XXXX in @entity3 using a two-flap nasal closure method.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In sub-Saharan Africa rates of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are high. Thus, identifying reasons for abuse is crucial in ensuring @entity0 's health. Hence, mens perception of @entity3 was assessed, and prevalence of abuse determined. Survey of 820 married @entity0 from six urban communities in Ibadan was done using interviewer administered questionnaire. Four focus group discussions were conducted. Lifetime prevalence of perpetration of physical abuse was 25.1%, while psychological violence was 44.4%. Two hundred and forty (29.3%) had ever perpetrated @entity2 and 23.2% economic violence. At least one of these forms of violence had been perpetrated by 44.1% of the respondents. "Being rude" (66.4%) and "insufficient care of the @entity0 " (54.3%) were common justifications for @entity3 . Motive of the abuse were "to make partner responsible" (60.3%) and "to obtain respect" (59.9%). Predictors of perpetrating violence were being in polygamous unions (OR 1.83, 95% CI: 1.11-3.03), consuming @entity1 (AOR 1.67; 95% CI: 1.10-2.53), and being Moslem (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.21-2.910). @entity0 with inadequate knowledge and negative attitudes had greater likelihood of perpetrating @entity3 (AOR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.37-3.26 and AOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.33-3.27). @entity3 was also associated with young age. Premarital counseling on how to resolve conflict without resulting to violence and early education of @entity0 on violence to @entity0 is recommended.

title: Intimate partner violence: prevalence and perceptions of married XXXX in Ibadan, Nigeria.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 , a relatively common dise @entity5 , is classified among inflammatory conditions of soft tissues and is frequently associated with @entity2 . The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of radiotherapy in @entity0 with epi con dylitis humeri. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was based on the observation of 50 cases. All @entity0 were irradiated with 6-MV photons delivered in 1 Gy fraction doses, up to a total of 6 Gy, using two opposite coaxial fields. Follow-up examinations took place immediately after the treatment and at 1, 2-3, 4-6, 8-12, 19-24 and 26-30 months post-treatment. @entity2 relief, joint mobility, regional @entity1 , joint temperature and the percentage of @entity0 using analgesics were assessed. RESULTS: No adverse events were observed. The mean percentage of @entity0 with @entity2 relief was 22.8% directly after, compared to 70.2% at 8-12 months and 57.5% at 26-30 months post-treatment. A @entity4 was by 16% of the @entity0 at one year after treatment and in 25% of the @entity0 at 26-30 months after treatment. The percentages of @entity0 with increased elbow temperature, elbow @entity1 and analgesics uptake at the respective time points were 6% and 0%, 36% and 0%, and 0% and 37%. The percentage of @entity0 reporting partial and complete @entity2 relief was 41.7% and 45.8%, and 30% and 40%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Anti-inflammatory radiotherapy of @entity0 with @entity3 is a safe and effective method of treatment.

title: An Evaluation of Radiotherapy Effectiveness for XXXX Humeri (EPH).

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It is unclear whether the costs and risks of mechanical therapies make them cost-effective. We examined whether interventions such as mechanical clot removal or disruption with angioplasty are cost-effective for acute @entity2 compared with best medical therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a cost-utility analysis of @entity0 with @entity1 due to large intracranial @entity3 presenting beyond the 3-hour window for IV tPA. Model inputs for the mechanical arm were derived from Multi MERCI trial data and a recent meta-analysis. For best medical therapy, we used rates of spontaneous recanalization, ICH, and functional outcomes based on a systematic literature review. Discounted QALYs were determined by using the Markov modeling for 65-year-old @entity0 with acute @entity2 . RESULTS: On the basis of a systematic literature review, we modeled an 84% rate of recanalization with mechanical intervention and a 6.3% rate of symptomatic ICH. For best medical therapy, we modeled a spontaneous recanalization rate of 24% with a 2% rate of symptomatic ICH. Mechanical therapies were associated with a  7718 net cost and a gain of a 0.82 QALYs for each use, thus yielding a net of  9386/QALY gained. In sensitivity analyses, results were dependent on the rates of recanalization, symptomatic ICH rates, and costs of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of available data, mechanical therapies in qualified @entity0 with @entity1 beyond the window for IV tPA appear to be cost-effective. However, the inputs are not derived from randomized trials, and results are sensitive to several assumptions.

title: Is mechanical clot removal or disruption a cost-effective treatment for XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) flap breast reconstruction has advantages over deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (DIEP) and muscle sparing transverse rectus abdominus myocutaneous flap (TRAM) reconstructions with less donor site morbidity and less complicated flap dissection. Not all @entity0 have an adequate @entity1 and superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) to support free tissue breast reconstruction, and dissection of the @entity1 in all @entity0 can be time consuming. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) angiograms can be used to identify the @entity1 and SIEV in @entity0 planning to undergo free abdominal tissue breast reconstruction and direct more efficient dissection in @entity0 with a large @entity1 . Retrospective analysis of free abdominal tissue flap breast reconstruction from a single plastic surgeon was performed. All @entity0 undergoing free abdominal tissue breast reconstruction had a preoperative CT angiogram using a protocol for the evaluation of the abdominal wall perforating arteries. CT scans were reviewed by the surgeon preoperatively and evaluated for the presence, caliber, and image quality of the @entity1 and SIEV. All @entity0 , regardless of CT angiogram findings, had operative dissection and evaluation of the @entity1 and SIEV. A total of 177 free flaps were performed on 113 @entity0 who underwent preoperative CT angiogram and free abdominal tissue breast reconstruction. Of them, 64 @entity0 had bilateral breast reconstruction. Twelve @entity1 flaps (10.6%) were performed on 12 @entity0 . During preoperative CT angiographic evaluation, 49 @entity0 (43%) were noted to have at least one visible @entity1 , whereas only 24 of those @entity0 (21%) were felt to have an @entity1 of adequate caliber. No flaps were lost during the postoperative period. All 12 @entity1 flaps performed had an adequate @entity1 when observed on preoperative CT angiogram. Overall, 50% of @entity0 found to have at least one adequate @entity1 on CT angiogram had a single breast reconstructed with an @entity1 flap. If the @entity1 was not visualized on CT angiogram, no usable @entity1 was found during surgery. Preoperative CT angiogram of the abdominal wall perforating arteries can help predict which @entity0 may have adequate anatomy for an @entity1 -based free flap. This information may help direct more efficient dissection of the abdominal flaps by selecting out @entity0 who do not have an adequate @entity1 .

title: Preoperative computed tomography angiogram to predict XXXX with favorable anatomy for superficial inferior epigastric artery flap breast reconstruction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: From January 2002 to June 2008, 525 @entity1 were operated. Forty-two (8%) @entity1 were diaphyseal in origin. The age of the @entity0 ranged from two to 16 years. Femur was the most common site.After resection, various methods of reconstruction were adopted based on @entity1 site and availability of reconstruction options. Thirty-seven @entity0 were available for follow-up. Follow-up duration ranged from 4 months to 86 months (mean 38.3 months). Eight @entity0 succumbed to the disease. There were three local recurrences. The @entity2 Society Score ranged from 18 to 30 (mean 27). Joint-preserving intercalary resections are an oncologically safe option with gratifying functional results.

title: XXXX : options for reconstruction after intercalary resection.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasingly there is a focus on self-care strategies for both malignant and non-malignant conditions. Models of self-care interventions have focussed on the individual and less on the broader context of family and society. In many societies, decision-making and health seeking behaviours, involve family members. OBJECTIVE: To identify elements of effective family-centred self-care interventions that are likely to improve outcomes of adults living with chronic conditions. DESIGN: Review paper. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, @entity3 , PsychInfo and Scopus between 2000-2014. REVIEW METHODS: Quantitative studies targeting @entity0 outcomes through family-centred interventions in adults were retrieved using systematic methods in January, 2015. Search terms used were: 'family', 'spouse', 'carer', 'caregiver', 'chronic', ' @entity1 ', 'self-care', 'self-management' and 'self-efficacy'. Reference lists were reviewed. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. Data were reported using a narrative summary approach. RESULTS: Ten studies were identified. Improvements were noted in readmission rates, emergency department presentations, and @entity2 levels using family-centred interventions compared with controls. Elements of effective interventions used were a family-centred approach, active learning strategy and transitional care with appropriate follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Involving the family in self-care has shown some positive results for @entity0 with chronic conditions. The benefits of family-centred care may be more likely in specific socio-cultural contexts. LIMITATIONS: The review has year limits and further research needs to identify support for both the @entity0 and family caregivers.

title: Family-centred approaches to healthcare interventions in XXXX in adults: a quantitative systematic review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Degradation and chemical modification of RNA in @entity1 -fixed @entity4 -embedded (FFPE) samples hamper their use in expression profiling studies. This study aimed to show that useful information can be obtained by Exon-array profiling @entity0 samples. METHODS: Nineteen cervical @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 9 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) FFPE samples (10-16-year-old) were profiled using Affymetrix Exon arrays. The gene signature derived was tested on a fresh-frozen @entity5 ( @entity5 ) series. Exploration of biological networks involved gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Differential gene expression was confirmed using Quantigene, a multiplex bead-based alternative to qRT-PCR. RESULTS: In all, 1062 genes were higher in @entity3 vs @entity2 , and 155 genes higher in @entity2 . The 1217-gene signature correctly separated 58 @entity5 into @entity3 and @entity2 . A gene network centered on hepatic nuclear factor and @entity6 was identified in @entity2 , suggesting a role in glandular cell differentiation of the cervix. Quantigene analysis of the top 26 differentially expressed genes correctly partitioned cervix samples as @entity3 or @entity2 . CONCLUSION: FFPE samples can be profiled using Exon arrays to derive gene expression signatures that are sufficiently robust to be applied to independent data sets, identify novel biology and design assays for independent platform validation.

title: Exon-array profiling unlocks clinically and biologically relevant gene signatures from @entity1 -fixed paraffin-embedded XXXX samples.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Degradation and chemical modification of RNA in @entity1 -fixed @entity4 -embedded (FFPE) samples hamper their use in expression profiling studies. This study aimed to show that useful information can be obtained by Exon-array profiling @entity0 samples. METHODS: Nineteen cervical @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 9 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) FFPE samples (10-16-year-old) were profiled using Affymetrix Exon arrays. The gene signature derived was tested on a fresh-frozen @entity5 ( @entity5 ) series. Exploration of biological networks involved gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Differential gene expression was confirmed using Quantigene, a multiplex bead-based alternative to qRT-PCR. RESULTS: In all, 1062 genes were higher in @entity3 vs @entity2 , and 155 genes higher in @entity2 . The 1217-gene signature correctly separated 58 @entity5 into @entity3 and @entity2 . A gene network centered on hepatic nuclear factor and @entity6 was identified in @entity2 , suggesting a role in glandular cell differentiation of the cervix. Quantigene analysis of the top 26 differentially expressed genes correctly partitioned cervix samples as @entity3 or @entity2 . CONCLUSION: FFPE samples can be profiled using Exon arrays to derive gene expression signatures that are sufficiently robust to be applied to independent data sets, identify novel biology and design assays for independent platform validation.

title: Exon-array profiling unlocks clinically and biologically relevant gene signatures from XXXX -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity0 samples.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the single ROI approach for the detection of hepatic @entity1 burden in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 in respect to a whole liver measurement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five transverse hepatic slices were acquired by a T2* gradient-echo sequence in 101 @entity3 @entity0 and 20 healthy subjects. The T2* value was calculated in a single region of interest (ROI) defined in the medium-hepatic slice. Moreover, the T2* value was extracted on each of the eight ROIs defined in the functionally independent segments. The mean hepatic T2* value was calculated. RESULTS: For @entity0 , the mean T2* values over segments VII and @entity2 were significantly lower. This pattern was substantially preserved in the two groups identified considering the T2* normal cutoff. All segmental T2* values were correlated with the single ROI T2* value. After the application of a correction map based on T2* fluctuations in the healthy subjects, no significant differences were found in the segmental T2* values. CONCLUSION: Hepatic T2* variations are low and due to artifacts and measurement variability. The single ROI approach can be adopted in the clinical arena, taking care to avoid the susceptibility artifacts, occurring mainly in segments VII and @entity2 .

title: Single region of interest versus multislice T2* MRI approach for the quantification of hepatic XXXX overload.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Teenage motherhood is relatively common in the UK, but little is known about related health inequalities in this population. We estimated cause-specific mortality risks over three decades in a nationally representative cohort. METHOD: We examined premature mortality in a 1.1% sample of all @entity0 who were teenagers in England and Wales during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s using data from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (ONS LS). Our primary outcome was suicide. Long-term follow-up to 31 December 2006, to a potential maximum age of 49 years, was achieved through near-complete routine linkage to national mortality records. We created a time-dependent exposure variable, with relative risks estimated according to age when @entity0 first experienced motherhood versus a reference group of those currently without @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity0 who were teenage mothers were around 30% more likely to die prematurely by any cause and almost 60% more likely to die unnaturally, whereas first-time motherhood at mature age conferred lower risk compared to @entity0 without @entity0 . Teenage motherhood was associated with a more than doubled risk of suicide [mortality rate ratio (MRR) 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-3.83], and elevated risks of fatal @entity1 and lung were also found. Changing the reference category to first-time mothers at 20 years and above also revealed a significant elevation in risk of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The complex psychosocial needs of these @entity0 require greater attention from clinicians, public health professionals, social services and policymakers. Their elevated risk of poor health outcomes may persist well beyond the actual teenage motherhood years.

title: Teenage motherhood and risk of XXXX : long-term follow-up in the ONS Longitudinal Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a single intravenous dose of @entity4 in order to reduce @entity1 in total knee replacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective observational study of the administration of @entity4 in @entity0 undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty from November 2013 to February 2015, in which an autologous blood recovery system was used. The study included 98 @entity0 , distributed into two groups of 49 @entity0 according to whether or not they received intravenous @entity4 . The primary endpoint was the number of @entity0 requiring autologous transfusion from the recovery system autologous blood recovery system. RESULTS: No drop-outs were recorded during follow-up. There were no significant differences between groups as regards the preoperative and hospital variables. The mean preoperative haemoglobin and haematocrit at 24 and 48hours postoperatively were similar in both groups. The average volume of @entity2 in the autologous blood recovery system and estimated average @entity1 was lower in @entity0 who had been administered @entity4 , with significant differences. No @entity0 in the group that was administered @entity4 required blood autotransfusion. The transfusion rate was zero in the two groups. No adverse events related to the administration of @entity4 were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous administration of @entity4 , according to the described protocol, has presented a non-autotransfusion or allo-transfusion rate of 100%, with no increased incidence of @entity3 events. Thus, its use in this group of @entity0 is recommended. The indication should be individualized, its use justified in the @entity0 medical records, and informed consent is mandatory.

title: Single intravenous XXXX dose to reduce @entity1 in primary total knee replacement.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a single intravenous dose of @entity4 in order to reduce @entity1 in total knee replacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective observational study of the administration of @entity4 in @entity0 undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty from November 2013 to February 2015, in which an autologous blood recovery system was used. The study included 98 @entity0 , distributed into two groups of 49 @entity0 according to whether or not they received intravenous @entity4 . The primary endpoint was the number of @entity0 requiring autologous transfusion from the recovery system autologous blood recovery system. RESULTS: No drop-outs were recorded during follow-up. There were no significant differences between groups as regards the preoperative and hospital variables. The mean preoperative haemoglobin and haematocrit at 24 and 48hours postoperatively were similar in both groups. The average volume of @entity2 in the autologous blood recovery system and estimated average @entity1 was lower in @entity0 who had been administered @entity4 , with significant differences. No @entity0 in the group that was administered @entity4 required blood autotransfusion. The transfusion rate was zero in the two groups. No adverse events related to the administration of @entity4 were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous administration of @entity4 , according to the described protocol, has presented a non-autotransfusion or allo-transfusion rate of 100%, with no increased incidence of @entity3 events. Thus, its use in this group of @entity0 is recommended. The indication should be individualized, its use justified in the @entity0 medical records, and informed consent is mandatory.

title: Single intravenous @entity4 dose to reduce XXXX in primary total knee replacement.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Lung @entity7 are associated with numerous conditions, including inflammatory disorders, exposure to environmental pollutants, and @entity4 . @entity8 is a chemotactic cytokine produced by macrophages, and is implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling. Furthermore, @entity8 is up-regulated in @entity7 , and @entity8 null @entity1 exhibit reduced @entity7 formation. Animal models currently used to investigate chronic lung @entity2 bear a pathological resemblance, but lack the chronic nature of @entity0 @entity7 . @entity6 nanoparticles are generated as byproducts of combustion. Interestingly, experimental exposures to @entity6 nanoparticles induce @entity5 . However, the recruited cellular populations and extracellular matrix gene expression profiles within these lesions have not been explored. Because of the rapid resolution of @entity7 in current animal models, the mechanisms responsible for persistence have been elusive. To overcome the limitations of previous models, we investigated whether a model using multiwall @entity6 nanoparticles would resemble chronic @entity0 lung @entity2 . We hypothesized that pulmonary exposure to multiwall @entity6 nanoparticles would induce @entity7 , elicit a macrophage and T-cell response, and mimic other @entity3 with an up-regulation of @entity8 . This model demonstrates: (1) @entity2 , with macrophage and T-cell infiltration; (2) resemblance to the chronicity of @entity0 @entity7 , with persistence up to 90 days; and (3) a marked elevation of @entity8 , metalloproteinases, and cell adhesion molecules in granulomatous foci isolated by laser-capture microdissection and in alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage. The establishment of such a model provides an important platform for mechanistic studies on the persistence of @entity7 .

title: Novel @entity1 model of chronic granulomatous lung inflammation elicited by XXXX nanotubes.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Lung @entity7 are associated with numerous conditions, including inflammatory disorders, exposure to environmental pollutants, and @entity4 . @entity8 is a chemotactic cytokine produced by macrophages, and is implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling. Furthermore, @entity8 is up-regulated in @entity7 , and @entity8 null @entity1 exhibit reduced @entity7 formation. Animal models currently used to investigate chronic lung @entity2 bear a pathological resemblance, but lack the chronic nature of @entity0 @entity7 . @entity6 nanoparticles are generated as byproducts of combustion. Interestingly, experimental exposures to @entity6 nanoparticles induce @entity5 . However, the recruited cellular populations and extracellular matrix gene expression profiles within these lesions have not been explored. Because of the rapid resolution of @entity7 in current animal models, the mechanisms responsible for persistence have been elusive. To overcome the limitations of previous models, we investigated whether a model using multiwall @entity6 nanoparticles would resemble chronic @entity0 lung @entity2 . We hypothesized that pulmonary exposure to multiwall @entity6 nanoparticles would induce @entity7 , elicit a macrophage and T-cell response, and mimic other @entity3 with an up-regulation of @entity8 . This model demonstrates: (1) @entity2 , with macrophage and T-cell infiltration; (2) resemblance to the chronicity of @entity0 @entity7 , with persistence up to 90 days; and (3) a marked elevation of @entity8 , metalloproteinases, and cell adhesion molecules in granulomatous foci isolated by laser-capture microdissection and in alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage. The establishment of such a model provides an important platform for mechanistic studies on the persistence of @entity7 .

title: Novel XXXX model of chronic granulomatous lung inflammation elicited by @entity6 nanotubes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Appropriate treatment choice for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is challenging due to @entity0 heterogeneity. Using the RAND/UCLA method, an international multidisciplinary expert panel established @entity0 -specific criteria for the choice between non-surgical management (NSM), vertebroplasty (VP), and balloon kyphoplasty (BKP). OBJECTIVES: To assess the applicability of the appropriateness criteria in real-life practice. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Eight practices of experts who participated in the panel study, including 2 interventional radiologists, one internal medicine specialist, 2 neurosurgeons, and 3 orthopedic/trauma surgeons. Practices were located in Belgium, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. METHODS: Using an online data capture program, @entity0 documented the clinical profile (age, gender, previous VCFs, time since @entity2 , magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, evolution of symptoms, impact of symptoms on quality of life, @entity1 , ongoing @entity2 process, and presence of @entity3 ) and treatment choice for consecutive @entity0 who consulted them for @entity4 . RESULTS: In total 426 @entity0 were included. BKP was the most frequently chosen treatment option (49%), followed by VP (34%) and NSM (14%). When compared with the panel recommendations, inappropriate treatment choices were rare (5% for NSM, 2% for VP, none for BKP). Treatment choice was strongly associated with the clinical variables used in the panel study. Differences in treatment decisions between interventional radiologists and surgeons were largely determined by differences in @entity0 characteristics, with time of clinical presentation being the dominant factor. LIMITATION: The study population was restricted to the practices of the @entity0 of the panel study. CONCLUSION: This international, multi-specialty utilization review showed excellent applicability of, and good adherence with RAND/UCLA-based recommendations on treatment choice in @entity4 .

title: Treatment of XXXX : Applicability of Appropriateness Criteria in Clinical Practice.

answer: @entity4