abstract: INTRODUCTION: Lower urinary tract symptoms are a common complaint. Surgery to debulk @entity6 prostate tissue is indicated for @entity0 with symptoms refractory to medical therapy, or for those who cannot tolerate first-line medications. In recent decades, new endoscopic techniques have been developed to reduce the morbidity of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Nonetheless, complications are still frequently encountered in the immediate, early, and remote postoperative setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this review, we perform an in-depth examination of contemporary treatment strategies for long term complications of surgical outlet reduction procedures. Complications encountered in the remote postoperative setting such as @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity5 , refractory @entity1 , and @entity4 contracture were identified in the literature. RESULTS: Treatment strategies for @entity2 after TURP do not differ from algorithms applied for @entity2 due to other causes. Management of @entity5 following TURP depends on the size and location of narrowing and can range from simple dilation to complex excision with grafting techniques or perineal urethrostomy. Refractory @entity1 requires a full diagnostic evaluation, and artificial urinary sphincter placement is efficacious for cases that do not respond to first-line medical therapy. Finally, numerous therapies for @entity4 contracture exist and vary in their invasiveness. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic reduction of the prostate for the male with @entity3 via most contemporary modalities is a safe and effective means to decrease outlet resistance to urinary flow. However, late complications from these procedures still exist. Management of remote morbidity following TURP can be diagnostically and therapeutically complex, necessitating prompt referral to a genitourinary reconstruction specialist.

title: Management of complications after surgical outlet reduction for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) shows high potential for @entity0 with @entity1 . Dental implants can cause substantial artifacts in the oral cavity impairing diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, we evaluated new MRI sequences with multi-acquisition variable-resonance image combination (MAVRIC SL) in comparison to conventional high-bandwidth techniques and in a second step showed the effect of artifact size on MRI-based attenuation correction (AC) with a simulation study. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity0 with dental implants prospectively underwent a trimodality PET/CT/MRI examination after informed consent was obtained under the approval of the local ethics committee. A conventional 3D gradient-echo sequence (LAVA-Flex) commonly used for MRI-based AC of PET (acquisition time of 14  s), a T1w fast spin-echo sequence with high bandwidth (acquisition time of 3.2  min), as well as MAVRIC SL sequence without and with increased phase acceleration (MAVRIC, acquisition time of 6  min; MAVRIC-fast, acquisition time of 3.5  min) were applied. The absolute and relative reduction of the signal void artifact was calculated for each implant and tested for statistical significance using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The effect of artifact size on PET AC was simulated in one case with a large @entity1 in the oral cavity. The relative difference of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in the @entity1 was calculated for increasing artifact sizes centered over the second molar. RESULTS: The absolute reduction of signal void from LAVA-Flex sequences to the T1-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE) sequences was 416  mm(2) (range 4 to 2,010  mm(2)) to MAVRIC 481  mm(2) (range 12 to 2,288  mm(2)) and to MAVRIC-fast 486  mm(2) (range 39 to 2,209  mm(2)). The relative reduction in signal void was significantly improved for both MAVRIC and MAVRIC-fast compared to T1 FSE (-75%/-78% vs. -62%, p   <   0.001 for both). The relative error for SUVmax was negligible for artifacts of 0.5-cm diameter (-0.1%), but substantial for artifacts of 5.2-cm diameter (-33%). CONCLUSIONS: MAVRIC-fast could become useful for artifact reduction in PET/MR for @entity0 with dental implants. This might improve diagnostic accuracy especially for @entity0 with @entity1 in the oropharynx and substantially improve accuracy of PET quantification.

title: Metal artifact reduction in XXXX with dental implants using multispectral three-dimensional data acquisition for hybrid PET/MRI.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Importance: The risk of @entity5 in @entity0 of @entity0 who had @entity2 during pregnancy is poorly understood, despite shared angiogenic pathways in both conditions. Objective: To determine the prevalence of @entity5 in offspring of @entity0 with @entity2 . Design, Setting, and @entity0 : Population-level analysis of live births before discharge, 1989-2012, was conducted for the entire province of Quebec, comprising a quarter of Canada's population. All @entity0 who delivered an @entity0 with or without @entity1 in any Quebec hospital were included (N   =   1   942   072 neonates). Exposures: @entity2 or @entity4 with onset before or after 34 weeks of gestation. Main Outcomes and Measures: Presence of any critical or noncritical @entity5 detected in @entity0 at birth, comparing prevalence in those exposed and not exposed to @entity2 . Results: The absolute prevalence of @entity5 was higher for @entity0 of @entity0 with @entity2 (16.7 per 1000 [1219/72   782]) than without it (8.6 per 1000 [16   077/1   869   290]; prevalence ratio [PR], 1.57; 95% CI, 1.48 to 1.67). @entity0 of preeclamptic @entity0 had no increased prevalence of critical @entity1 (123.7 vs 75.6 per 100   000 [90/72   782 vs 1414/1   869   290]; PR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.57; prevalence difference [PD], 23.6 per 100   000; 95% CI, -1.0 to 48.2) but did have an increased prevalence of noncritical @entity1 (1538.8 vs 789.2 per 100   000 [1120/72   782 vs 14   752/1   869   290]; PR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.47 to 1.67; PD, 521.1 per 100   000; 95% CI, 431.1 to 611.0) compared with @entity0 of nonpreeclamptic @entity0 . Among specific defects, prevalence was greatest for @entity3 . When stratified by variant of @entity2 , @entity0 of @entity0 with early onset (<34 weeks) @entity2 had greater prevalence of critical @entity1 (364.4 per 100   000 [20/5488]; PR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.71-4.50; PD, 249.6 per 100   000; 95% CI, 89.7-409.6) and noncritical @entity1 (7306.9 per 100   000 [401/5488]; PR, 5.55; 95% CI, 4.98-6.19; PD, 6089.2 per 100   000; 95% CI, 5350.0-6828.3), whereas @entity0 of @entity0 with late onset (>= 34 weeks) did not. Conclusions and Relevance: In this population-based study, @entity2 was significantly associated with noncritical @entity1 in offspring, and @entity2 before 34 weeks was associated with critical @entity1 . However, the absolute risk of @entity5 was low.

title: Association Between XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess whether there is a proficiency curve-like relationship between surgeon volume and operative mortality and determine the minimum surgeon volume for optimum operative mortality. BACKGROUND: The inverse relationship between hospital volume and operative mortality is well-established for esophageal, gastric, and @entity2 . The recommended minimum surgeon volumes are however uncertain. METHODS: We retrieved data on esophagectomies, gastrectomies, and pancreatectomies for @entity1 from the NHS Hospital Episodes Statistics database from April 2000 to March 2010. We defined mortality as in-hospital death within 30 days of surgery. We determined whether there was a proficiency curve relationship by inspecting surgeon volume-mortality graphs after adjusting for @entity0 age, sex, socioeconomic, and comorbidity indices. We then statistically determined the minimum surgeon volume that produced a mortality rate insignificantly different from the optimum of the curve. RESULTS: Sixteen thousand five hundred seventy-two esophagectomies, 12,622 gastrectomies, and 9116 pancreatectomies were examined. Surgeon volume ranged from 2 to 29 esophagectomies, from 1 to 14 gastrectomies, and from 2 to 31 pancreatectomies per surgeon per year. We demonstrated a proficiency relationship between surgeon volume and mortality in esophageal, gastric, and @entity2 surgery. Each additional case of esophagectomy, gastrectomy, and pancreatectomy would reduce 30-day mortality odds by 3.4%, 7.2%, and 4.1%, respectively. However, as surgeon volume increased, mortality rate continued to improve. Therefore, we were unable to recommend minimum surgeon volume. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality after resections for esophageal, gastric, and @entity2 falls as surgeon volume rises up to 30 cases. Within this range, we did not demonstrate any statistical threshold that could be recommended as a minimum volume target.

title: Surgeon Volume and XXXX Esophagectomy, Gastrectomy, and Pancreatectomy: A Population-based Study in England.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether liver @entity1 contribute to metastatic spread of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) by shedding intact @entity2 cells. BACKGROUND: Metastases represent the primary cause of death in @entity3 . Understanding the metastatic activity of @entity1 and which @entity0 are at high risk for @entity2 cell dissemination may, therefore, have significant influence on @entity2 care in the future. METHODS: Circulating @entity2 cells (CTCs) were detected in the hepatic inflow (portal venous blood [PVB]) and outflow compartment (hepatic venous blood [HVB]) of a training (n=55) and validation (n=50) set using the CellSearch system. Isolated CTC from the HVB were subjected to gene expression analyses by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: CTC detection rate (37.2% vs 19.6%; P=0.04) and count (mean: 12.7, SEM:  5.9 vs 1.9;  1.2; P=0.01) were significantly higher in HVB compared to PVB. The increased CTC detection rate (54% vs 11.4%; P<0.001) and CTC count (14.7  5.1 vs 1.1  0.6; P<0.001) in the HVB compared to the PVB compartment was confirmed in the validation cohort. Expression of epithelial markers and genes involved in cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion was reduced in CTC compared to @entity2 cells in liver @entity1 . @entity1 size greater than 5cm was associated with CTC shedding from established liver @entity1 in the training and validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Colorectal liver @entity1 shed intact @entity2 cells with an invasive phenotype. @entity1 size serves as a surrogate marker for metastatic activity of colorectal liver @entity1 .

title: Metastatic Spread Emerging From Liver Metastases of XXXX : Does the Seed Leave the Soil Again?

answer: @entity3


abstract: Forty @entity7 have been removed surgically between 1976 and 1986. The condition was unilateral in 32 and bilateral in four. There were 31 large, four medium and five small @entity1 . Excision was complete in 16 and incomplete in 24. Of the incomplete removals 14 were subtotal leaving microscopic remnants, eight were partial capsular and two were intracapsular. Follow-up ranged from two months to ten years (median 3.5 years).There was one early death in an 83-year-old. The overall incidence of post-operative complete facial @entity3 was 20% but reached 55% for large @entity1 when excision was complete. Twenty-eight @entity0 had hearing before operation and in eleven @entity0 some preservation of hearing was possible (39%). In these, the excision was complete in three, subtotal in four, partial capsular in three and intracapsular in one.Of the @entity1 , there have been three recurrences requiring repeat surgery. All were initially incompletely excised. Two were of an invasive nature causing considerable erosion of the petrous temporal bone making complete excision impossible. For the @entity1 a deliberate incomplete excision was first performed on one side to ensure preservation of hearing. Further excision on this side was then left until such time as hearing was lost. Complications included CSF otorhinorrhoea (5%), persistent but @entity5 (10%), @entity2 (5%), @entity4 (5%) and hoarseness and @entity6 (3%).

title: XXXX surgery in Northern Ireland 1976-1986.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Two approaches were used to identify and characterize the presence of @entity2 ) in @entity3 and platelets. We investigated the fibrinolytic activity of @entity0 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and platelets. The presence of @entity2 antigen in @entity3 and platelets was demonstrated using immunocytochemical techniques and polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies specific for @entity2 . When cells were applied to fibrin plates, lysis zones developed around isolated @entity0 @entity3 , whereas no fibrinolytic activity appeared when either intact washed platelets or platelet lysate were deposited. After SDS-PAGE of platelet and @entity3 extracts (Triton X-100) immunoblotting and peroxidase staining identified @entity2 antigen in several bands. Zymographic analysis of SDS-PAGE carried out on fibrin film overlays identified one or two zones corresponding to free or complexed @entity2 . These results indicate that @entity2 is present in platelets as well as in the precursor cells, however, in platelets, @entity2 may not be immediately available for plasminogen activation and fibrin degradation. From our findings and from previous work of others, it appears that platelets may either activate or inhibit the fibrinolytic system. Therefore the conditions of plasminogen activation by platelet @entity2 and @entity1 inhibition by platelet alpha 2-antiplasmin or other inhibitors have to be precised before the role of platelets in clot dissolution is understood. The physiological role of platelets in fibrinolysis and clot dissolution remains unclear. In 1953, the antifibrinolytic activity of blood platelets was demonstrated and in the early 1960's a fibrinolytic activity, increasing with platelet concentration in the experimental system, was shown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tissue plasminogen activator in @entity0 XXXX and platelets: immunocytochemical localization, immunoblotting and zymographic analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Two approaches were used to identify and characterize the presence of @entity2 ) in @entity3 and platelets. We investigated the fibrinolytic activity of @entity0 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and platelets. The presence of @entity2 antigen in @entity3 and platelets was demonstrated using immunocytochemical techniques and polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies specific for @entity2 . When cells were applied to fibrin plates, lysis zones developed around isolated @entity0 @entity3 , whereas no fibrinolytic activity appeared when either intact washed platelets or platelet lysate were deposited. After SDS-PAGE of platelet and @entity3 extracts (Triton X-100) immunoblotting and peroxidase staining identified @entity2 antigen in several bands. Zymographic analysis of SDS-PAGE carried out on fibrin film overlays identified one or two zones corresponding to free or complexed @entity2 . These results indicate that @entity2 is present in platelets as well as in the precursor cells, however, in platelets, @entity2 may not be immediately available for plasminogen activation and fibrin degradation. From our findings and from previous work of others, it appears that platelets may either activate or inhibit the fibrinolytic system. Therefore the conditions of plasminogen activation by platelet @entity2 and @entity1 inhibition by platelet alpha 2-antiplasmin or other inhibitors have to be precised before the role of platelets in clot dissolution is understood. The physiological role of platelets in fibrinolysis and clot dissolution remains unclear. In 1953, the antifibrinolytic activity of blood platelets was demonstrated and in the early 1960's a fibrinolytic activity, increasing with platelet concentration in the experimental system, was shown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tissue plasminogen activator in XXXX @entity3 and platelets: immunocytochemical localization, immunoblotting and zymographic analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this case report is to highlight and emphasize the need for an appropriate and thorough list of differential diagnoses when managing @entity0 , as it is insufficient to assume cases are mechanical, until proven non-mechanical. There are over 250,000 cases of @entity6 annually in the United States. Of these cases, <50% present with classic signs and symptoms of @entity1 in the right lower quadrant, mild @entity2 and @entity4 . It is standard for @entity0 who present with @entity6 to be managed operatively with a laparoscopic appendectomy within 24 hours, otherwise the risk of complications such as @entity3 , and even death increases dramatically. CLINICAL FEATURES: This is a retrospective case report following a 27-year-old male with missed @entity6 , who presented to a chiropractor two-weeks after self-diagnosed food @entity8 . On assessment, he was tender with resisted @entity7 . Psoas Sign, McBurney's Point, vascular exam, hip exam, were negative. A diagnosis of an abdominal strain was provided. Two weeks later, he returned to the chiropractor without an improvement of symptoms. INTERVENTION _ OUTCOME: The @entity0 was sent to the hospital, where he was provided a diagnosis of missed @entity6 . He required a hemicolonectomy due to the associated phlegmonous mass. SUMMARY: When a @entity0 presents to a chiropractic clinic with symptoms of @entity5 , having a comprehensive list of non-mechanical differential diagnoses as well as mechanical differentials is crucial. Appropriate assessment and management of abdominal cases decreases the risk to @entity0 , as missed diagnoses often require more invasive interventions.

title: XXXX diagnosis: A case report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: To achieve therapeutic plasma concentrations of the opioid @entity1 , one must administer the drug as a variable rate continuous infusion. For most @entity0 , using population pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity1 for dosing regimen allows accurate prediction of the plasma concentration of the drug over time. However, for some @entity0 , using such parameters results in systematic over- or underprediction of the concentration. Retrospectively studying a data set (dosage history and measured concentrations) for 34 @entity0 , the authors examined how Bayesian forecasting could improve the precision of prediction. For each @entity0 , a Bayesian regression was performed to estimate "individualized" pharmacokinetic parameters, using population pharmacokinetic values for @entity1 and the measurement of @entity1 in one or more plasma samples from each @entity0 . These individualized parameters were then used to predict the subsequent plasma concentrations of @entity1 over time. By comparing the value of each measured point with its corresponding predicted value, the authors calculated the prediction error as a percentage of the measured value. The precision of the prediction was assessed by the percent mean absolute prediction error. After Bayesian forecasting using a single point sampled at 80 min after start of anesthesia, the average precision of the prediction was 13.8 +/- 6.1% (SD). Using no Bayesian forecasting and only population values of the pharmacokinetic parameters for the prediction of the concentration, the precision was 24.3 +/- 16.9%. The improvement in precision brought by Bayesian forecasting was especially noticeable for those @entity0 whose prediction of @entity1 was poor using population pharmacokinetic values (i.e., "outlier" @entity0 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Bayesian forecasting improves the prediction of intraoperative plasma concentrations of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fat infiltration of the liver, muscle and pancreas is associated with @entity5 resistance and risk of @entity1 . Weight loss reduces ectopic fat deposition and risk of @entity1 , but is difficult to sustain to due to compensatory increases in appetite. Fermentable @entity6 have been shown to decrease appetite and food intake, and promote @entity2 in overweight subjects. In animal studies, fermentable @entity4 reduces ectopic fat independent of @entity2 . We aimed to investigate the effect of the fermentable @entity4 inulin on weight maintenance, appetite and ectopic fat in subjects with @entity7 . METHODS: Forty-four subjects with @entity7 were randomized to 18  weeks' inulin or cellulose supplementation. During weeks 1-9 ( @entity2 phase) all subjects had four visits with a dietitian to guide them towards a 5  % @entity2 . During weeks 10-18 (weight maintenance phase) subjects continued taking their assigned supplementation and were asked to maintain the weight they had lost but were offered no further support. All subjects attended study sessions at baseline, 9 and 18  weeks for measurement of weight; assessment of adipose tissue and ectopic fat content by magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy; @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity8 levels following a meal tolerance test; and appetite by ad libitum meal test and visual analogue scales. RESULTS: Both groups lost approximately 5  % of their body weight by week nine (-5.3        0.1  % vs -4.3        0.4  %, p   =   0.13, but the inulin group lost significantly more weight between 9 and 18  weeks (-2.3        0.5  % vs -0.6        0.4  %, p   =   0.012). Subjects taking inulin had lower hepatic (p   =   0.02) and soleus muscle (p   <   0.05) fat content at 18  weeks compared to control even after controlling for @entity2 and consumed less at the ad libitum meal test (p   =   0.027). Fasting @entity3 significantly decreased at week nine only (p   =   0.005), @entity5 concentrations did not change, and there was a significant increase in @entity8 in the cellulose group at 9 and 18  weeks (p   <   0.03, p   <   0.00001). CONCLUSION: Inulin may have a two-pronged effect on the risk of @entity1 by 1) promoting @entity2 2) reducing intrahepatocellular and intramyocellular lipid in @entity0 with @entity7 independent of @entity2 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trial number: NCT01841073.

title: A randomized controlled trial: the effect of inulin on weight management and ectopic fat in subjects with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: A new class of carbonaceous composites has been developed for @entity0 . The aim of the present study, performed in @entity1 , was to test the immediate blood compatibility of these materials when inserted within the vascular bed. Biocompatibility studies were performed on vascular cylinders (6 mm i.d.) and intra-atrial implants. The specimens were examined sequentially by SEM at 10, 20, 30, 180 s and 10 min after re-establishment of the blood flow. Patency of the vascular cylinders was tested during the second and third postoperative month by Doppler ultrasound investigations; specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy (scanning and transmission) at 15, 60 and 110 d following implantation. As early as 10 s after re-establishment of the blood flow platelet adhesion and a limited fibrin mesh with few erythrocytes developed on the material. Platelet aggregates were only observed on intravenous implants. Except in the case of the intravenous insert, no @entity3 developed at the contact of intra-arterial or intracardiac implants. After 15 d it was completely covered by a fibrocellular layer (3-5 cells thick) consisting of large myofibroblasts with microfilaments, newly synthesized collagen and @entity4 . Endothelial-like cells developed and were completed 2 mnth after implantation. However, deposits present inside and outside the fibrocytic cells of the newly developed tissue were observed corresponding to @entity2 peaks as indicated by wavelength dispersive X-ray microanalysis.

title: Haemocompatibility and biological course of carbonaceous composites for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite over 50  years of research, it remains unclear how the DNA @entity1 viruses SV40 and Polyoma cause @entity1 . Prevailing theories hold that virus-coded @entity1 ( @entity1 )-antigens cause @entity1 by inactivating cellular @entity1 suppressor genes. But these theories don't explain four characteristics of @entity4 : (1) less than one in 10,000 infected cells become @entity1 cells, (2) @entity1 have complex individual phenotypes and transcriptomes, (3) recurrent @entity1 without viral DNA and proteins, (4) preneoplastic aneuploidies and immortal neoplastic clones with individual karyotypes. RESULTS: As an alternative theory we propose that @entity4 is a form of speciation, initiated by virus-induced @entity6 . Since @entity6 destabilizes the karyotype by unbalancing thousands of genes it catalyzes chain reactions of karyotypic and transcriptomic evolutions. Eventually rare karyotypes evolve that encode @entity1 -specific autonomy of growth. The low probability of forming new @entity1 -species by random karyotypic and transcriptomic variations predicts @entity1 . Although @entity1 karyotypes are congenitally aneuploid and thus variable, they are stabilized or immortalized by selections for variants with @entity1 -specific autonomy. Owing to these inherent variations @entity1 karyotypes are heterogeneous within clonal margins. To test this theory we analyzed karyotypes and phenotypes of SV40-infected @entity0 , @entity3 and @entity2 cells developing into neoplastic clones. In all three systems we found (1) preneoplastic @entity1 with individual clonal but flexible karyotypes and phenotypes, which arose from less than one in 10,000 infected cells, survived over 200 generations, but were either @entity1 -antigen positive or negative, (3) spontaneous and drug-induced variations of neoplastic phenotypes correlating 1-to-1 with karyotypic variations. CONCLUSIONS: Since all 14 virus-induced neoplastic clones tested contained individual clonal karyotypes and phenotypes, we conclude that these karyotypes have generated and since maintained these neoplastic clones. Thus SV40 causes @entity1 indirectly, like carcinogens, by inducing @entity6 from which new @entity1 -specific karyotypes evolve automatically at low rates. This theory explains the (1) low probability of carcinogenesis per @entity5 cell, (2) the individuality and clonal flexibility of @entity1 karyotypes, (3) recurrence of @entity1 without viral @entity1 -antigens, and (4) the individual clonal karyotypes, transcriptomes and immortality of virus-induced @entity1 - all unexplained by current viral theories.

title: Karyotype alteration generates the neoplastic phenotypes of SV40-infected XXXX and rodent cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Malignant transformation of @entity2 has been extensively described in the literature. However, extragonadal @entity3 , either de novo or arising from @entity1 , is rare. The present case report describes a @entity0 with @entity3 on the serous surface of the small intestine. A 25-year-old female with no history of @entity2 was referred to our hospital with an intrapelvic @entity1 . An internal examination, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a round mass approximately 80 mm in diameter; however, identification of the affected organ was difficult. Because we could not rule out malignancy based on the non-specific radiologic findings, laparotomy was performed. A mass with @entity4 was detected intraoperatively. In addition, the uterus and bilateral adnexa appeared normal. The @entity1 was resected with part of the ileum. Histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of @entity3 originating from the serous surface of the small intestine.

title: A Case of XXXX Originating from the Serous Surface of the Small Intestine.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recently developed suppositories containing free @entity2 as a bowel-cleansing agent prior to flexible sigmoidoscopy and compare them with Klyx ( @entity4 / @entity3 ). DESIGN: A controlled, non-inferiority, single-blind, randomised study on outpatients undergoing flexible sigmoidoscopy. SETTING: Department of Gastroenterology, Landspitali-University Hospital and endoscopic clinic. @entity0 : 53 outpatients undergoing flexible sigmoidoscopy. INTERVENTION: @entity0 were randomised to receive either free @entity1 suppositories (28) or a standard bowel preparation with Klyx enema (25). In the study group, two suppositories were administered the evening before as well as 2   h prior to the sigmoidoscopy. In the control group, Klyx enema (120   mL) was administered the evening before and repeated 2   h prior to the procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Quality of the bowel cleansing, height of scope insertion and safety. RESULTS: The mean height of scope insertion and bowel cleansing was 43   cm (SD=13.4) in the study group and 48   cm (SD=10.4) in the control group (NS). The investigating physicians were less satisfied with the bowel preparation in the study group compared with the control group with a difference of 20% (p<0.016). The amount of faeces noted in the rectum was similar in both groups with no significant difference (p<0.56). No serious side effects, toxic reaction or irritation were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The suppositories are well tolerated with no significant side effects. The suppositories had distinct bowel emptying effect and as effective as Klyx in rectal cleansing. Although physician's satisfaction was slightly lower, the height of scope insertion was similar. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: EudraCT nr.: 2010-018761-35.

title: Clinical trial: free XXXX suppositories compared with enema as bowel preparation for flexible sigmoidoscopy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is not common in @entity0 and adolescents. From 1982 to 1987 we have seen 13 pediatric @entity0 (8 male and 5 female) with clinical manifestations that characterized @entity7 . Age of onset was 13 years. Clinical findings have been @entity2 (100%) involving the knee and @entity1 (84%), @entity1 (38%). One to three weeks before joint involvement, six @entity0 (46%) complained of @entity8 , 5 (38%) had @entity4 and two @entity0 had both. 46% of the @entity0 had @entity3 antigen. Radiologic findings were sacroileitis in five @entity0 and @entity9 . All @entity0 were treated with non-steroidal antiinflammatory therapy and, in general, there was a clinical remission in 1-3 months. Nevertheless, after 4 years of follow up, 2 @entity0 had acute relapsing @entity2 and 4 had chronic @entity6 . Three @entity0 have developed secondary @entity5 . @entity7 is not all that infrequent in pediatric @entity0 with joint involvements if one looks for @entity8 , @entity4 , eye involvement and cutaneous manifestations. The clinical course is favorable, but there might be some chronic or relapsing cases. Some @entity0 can developed secondary @entity5 . For that reason a prolonged follow up of these @entity0 is necessary.

title: [ XXXX : considerations on the frequency and mid-term course of its juvenile form].

answer: @entity7


abstract: This paper examines the mechanism responsible for @entity7 and accompanying @entity4 during acute salicylism. @entity8 (250 mg/kg) was administered to 8 spontaneously breathing anesthetized @entity1 ( @entity5 , 50 mg/kg, and @entity6 , 500 mg/kg, iv). The @entity2 was sectioned and connected to a pneumotachograph. A catheter was placed in the cisterna magna for sampling cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and a femoral artery was cannulated for blood sampling and pressure determinations. Once the cardiorespiratory steady-state was obtained, air flow, tidal volume, arterial pressure, ECG and rectal temperature were measured for baseline control. The measurements were repeated 8 times during 100 min after @entity3 infusion. Simultaneous determinations of CSF and plasma @entity3 showed that plasmatic levels were maximal just after infusion, diminishing with time. CSF concentration increased gradually as the @entity3 diffused through the blood-brain barrier. Minute ventilation increased to more than 600% of control values and was maximal between 60-100 min after @entity3 infusion. @entity4 and @entity0 (up to 40.3 degrees C) followed the time-course of @entity7 . Only a small part of @entity7 can be attributed to the temperature increase. A high correlation coefficient (r = 0.974) was obtained by regression analysis of the values for ventilation and CSF @entity3 . We conclude that the central action of @entity3 is much more important for increasing ventilation than effects related to oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling.

title: Respiratory and acid-base parameters during salicylic intoxication in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A self-administered questionnaire concerning auditory disability and handicap was completed by 1691 subjects who were part of a two-stage random sample of the UK adult population. A principal components analysis of questionnaire replies identified four components. They were interpreted as (a) disability for everyday speech, (b) disability for speech-in-quiet, (c) localisation, and (d) hearing handicap. Components (a) and (d) were the strongest, accounting for 68% of the variance. Subjects also performed pure-tone audiometry amongst other tests. Audiometric information was well described by a two-parameter model characterised by low-to-mid-frequency loss and high-frequency slope. All four components increased progressively with increasing low-to-mid-frequency loss, independent of high-frequency slope. They were best correlated with a binaural average over 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz weighted 4:1 in favour of the better ear, out of several audiometric descriptors examined. Sex and socio-economic group did not generally affect disability or handicap, but @entity0 of similar @entity1 reported @entity2 and handicap as age increased. This is interpreted as over-compensation for the effects of age in self-report. There were three unexpected findings which may entail some changes in current thinking on the relationship between @entity3 and self-perceived disability/handicap. Hearing losses incorporating a conductive component in the better ear were more disabling and handicapping than sensorineural losses of equal magnitude. Localisation ability and, to a lesser extent, general hearing handicap were more highly correlated with measures of impairment in the worse ear than in the better ear. There was little evidence for the concept of a 'low fence' in the relationship between @entity2 or handicap.

title: Self-reported disability and handicap in the population in relation to pure-tone threshold, age, sex and type of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-Tau) and Beta-Amyloid 1-42 (AB42) in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) are useful biomarkers in @entity0 . The aim of the study was to investigate the role of these and other CSF biomarkers (T-tau, p-Tau, AB42, @entity6 and NSE), during @entity1 -reoxygenation in a newborn @entity3 model. DESIGN: Thirty newborn @entity3 were included in a study of moderate or severe @entity1 . The moderate @entity1 group (n = 12) was exposed to global @entity1 (8% O2) until Base excess (BE) reached -15 mmol/l. The @entity3 in the group exposed to severe @entity1 (n = 12) received 8% @entity5 until BE reached -20 mmol/l or mean Blood Pressure fell below 20 mm Hg, The control group (n = 6) was kept at room air. For all treatments, the CSF was collected at 9.5 hours after the intervention. RESULTS: The level of AB42 in CSF was significantly lower in the @entity3 exposed to severe @entity1 compared with the control group, 922(SD +/-445)pg/ml versus. 1290(SD +/-143) pg/ml (p<0.05), respectively. Further, a non-significant reduction of AB42 was observed in the group exposed to moderate @entity1 T-tau and p-Tau revealed no significant differences between the intervention groups and the control group, however a significantly higher level of @entity6 was seen in the CSF of @entity3 receiving @entity1 in comparison to the level in the control group. Further on, there was a moderate negative correlation between the levels of AB42 and @entity6 in CSF, as well as a moderate negative correlation between @entity2 in blood at end of @entity1 and AB42 in CSF. INTERPRETATION: This is the first study to our knowledge that demonstrated a significant drop in AB42 in CSF after @entity1 . Whether or not this has an etiological basis for @entity0 needs to be studied with additional experiments and epidemiological studies. AB42 and @entity6 are significantly changed in neonatal @entity3 subjected to @entity1 compared to controls and thus may be valuable biomarkers of perinatal @entity4 .

title: Perinatal XXXX May Influence the Level of Beta-Amyloid (1-42) in Cerebrospinal Fluid: An Experimental Study on Newborn @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-Tau) and Beta-Amyloid 1-42 (AB42) in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) are useful biomarkers in @entity0 . The aim of the study was to investigate the role of these and other CSF biomarkers (T-tau, p-Tau, AB42, @entity6 and NSE), during @entity1 -reoxygenation in a newborn @entity3 model. DESIGN: Thirty newborn @entity3 were included in a study of moderate or severe @entity1 . The moderate @entity1 group (n = 12) was exposed to global @entity1 (8% O2) until Base excess (BE) reached -15 mmol/l. The @entity3 in the group exposed to severe @entity1 (n = 12) received 8% @entity5 until BE reached -20 mmol/l or mean Blood Pressure fell below 20 mm Hg, The control group (n = 6) was kept at room air. For all treatments, the CSF was collected at 9.5 hours after the intervention. RESULTS: The level of AB42 in CSF was significantly lower in the @entity3 exposed to severe @entity1 compared with the control group, 922(SD +/-445)pg/ml versus. 1290(SD +/-143) pg/ml (p<0.05), respectively. Further, a non-significant reduction of AB42 was observed in the group exposed to moderate @entity1 T-tau and p-Tau revealed no significant differences between the intervention groups and the control group, however a significantly higher level of @entity6 was seen in the CSF of @entity3 receiving @entity1 in comparison to the level in the control group. Further on, there was a moderate negative correlation between the levels of AB42 and @entity6 in CSF, as well as a moderate negative correlation between @entity2 in blood at end of @entity1 and AB42 in CSF. INTERPRETATION: This is the first study to our knowledge that demonstrated a significant drop in AB42 in CSF after @entity1 . Whether or not this has an etiological basis for @entity0 needs to be studied with additional experiments and epidemiological studies. AB42 and @entity6 are significantly changed in neonatal @entity3 subjected to @entity1 compared to controls and thus may be valuable biomarkers of perinatal @entity4 .

title: Perinatal @entity4 May Influence the Level of Beta-Amyloid (1-42) in Cerebrospinal Fluid: An Experimental Study on Newborn XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The selective medication for @entity2 control in many clinical situations is @entity4 but its complications prevent its widespread use. @entity5 has been introduced as an alternative for @entity4 in some studies. However, the efficacy of its solitary use has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of @entity5 alone in relieving @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 referring to an emergency unit. METHODS: In this double-blind clinical trial, @entity0 with long bone @entity3 were randomly divided into two groups of treatment with intravenous (IV) @entity4 at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg and treatment with IV @entity5 at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. @entity2 severity of the @entity0 was recorded before and 10 minutes after injection based on numeric rating scale. The means in the two groups were compared using independent t-test. Then the Kaplan-Meier curve and log rank analysis were used to evaluate the success of treatment. RESULTS: 126 @entity0 were included in this study. The mean ages of the @entity0 in the @entity4 and @entity5 groups were 33.6  14.3 and 35.1  13.5 years, respectively (P=0.54). After therapeutic intervention, the @entity2 severity significantly decreased in @entity5 (2.7  1.8; P<0.0001) and @entity4 (2.4  1.5; P<0.0001) groups, with a similar effect of both medications on alleviating @entity2 (P=0.28). The success rate of the treatment at 10-minute interval in groups receiving @entity5 and @entity4 were 59 (93.65%) and 61 (96.8%) @entity0 , respectively (P=0.62). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed that administration of @entity5 at a low dose (0.5 mg/kg) results in a significant decrease in the severity of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity3 of long bones. This palliative effect is very similar to that of @entity4 .

title: Comparison of Intravenous XXXX with @entity4 in @entity2 Relief of Long Bones Fractures: a Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The selective medication for @entity2 control in many clinical situations is @entity4 but its complications prevent its widespread use. @entity5 has been introduced as an alternative for @entity4 in some studies. However, the efficacy of its solitary use has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of @entity5 alone in relieving @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 referring to an emergency unit. METHODS: In this double-blind clinical trial, @entity0 with long bone @entity3 were randomly divided into two groups of treatment with intravenous (IV) @entity4 at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg and treatment with IV @entity5 at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. @entity2 severity of the @entity0 was recorded before and 10 minutes after injection based on numeric rating scale. The means in the two groups were compared using independent t-test. Then the Kaplan-Meier curve and log rank analysis were used to evaluate the success of treatment. RESULTS: 126 @entity0 were included in this study. The mean ages of the @entity0 in the @entity4 and @entity5 groups were 33.6  14.3 and 35.1  13.5 years, respectively (P=0.54). After therapeutic intervention, the @entity2 severity significantly decreased in @entity5 (2.7  1.8; P<0.0001) and @entity4 (2.4  1.5; P<0.0001) groups, with a similar effect of both medications on alleviating @entity2 (P=0.28). The success rate of the treatment at 10-minute interval in groups receiving @entity5 and @entity4 were 59 (93.65%) and 61 (96.8%) @entity0 , respectively (P=0.62). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed that administration of @entity5 at a low dose (0.5 mg/kg) results in a significant decrease in the severity of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity3 of long bones. This palliative effect is very similar to that of @entity4 .

title: Comparison of Intravenous @entity5 with @entity4 in XXXX Relief of Long Bones Fractures: a Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The selective medication for @entity2 control in many clinical situations is @entity4 but its complications prevent its widespread use. @entity5 has been introduced as an alternative for @entity4 in some studies. However, the efficacy of its solitary use has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of @entity5 alone in relieving @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 referring to an emergency unit. METHODS: In this double-blind clinical trial, @entity0 with long bone @entity3 were randomly divided into two groups of treatment with intravenous (IV) @entity4 at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg and treatment with IV @entity5 at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. @entity2 severity of the @entity0 was recorded before and 10 minutes after injection based on numeric rating scale. The means in the two groups were compared using independent t-test. Then the Kaplan-Meier curve and log rank analysis were used to evaluate the success of treatment. RESULTS: 126 @entity0 were included in this study. The mean ages of the @entity0 in the @entity4 and @entity5 groups were 33.6  14.3 and 35.1  13.5 years, respectively (P=0.54). After therapeutic intervention, the @entity2 severity significantly decreased in @entity5 (2.7  1.8; P<0.0001) and @entity4 (2.4  1.5; P<0.0001) groups, with a similar effect of both medications on alleviating @entity2 (P=0.28). The success rate of the treatment at 10-minute interval in groups receiving @entity5 and @entity4 were 59 (93.65%) and 61 (96.8%) @entity0 , respectively (P=0.62). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed that administration of @entity5 at a low dose (0.5 mg/kg) results in a significant decrease in the severity of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity3 of long bones. This palliative effect is very similar to that of @entity4 .

title: Comparison of Intravenous @entity5 with XXXX in @entity2 Relief of Long Bones Fractures: a Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Epithelial sheets from @entity0 jejunum and descending colon have been shown to respond to @entity3 (AII) when studied under short-circuit conditions and bathed on both sides with Krebs-Henseleit solution. The octapeptide AII elicited increases in short-circuit current (SCC) in preparations of jejunum and decreases in SCC in the descending colon; both responses occurred when the peptide was applied to the basolateral surface, but not when applied to the apical solution. Responses in both tissues were highly specific, being inhibited by a range of AII antagonists with the following order of potency: [Sar1. Thr8]-AII greater than [Sar1. Leu8]-AII greater than [Sar1. Ile8]-AII greater than [Sar1. Ala8]-AII greater than [Des,Asp1. Ile8]-AII in @entity0 jejunum. AII responses were not affected by alpha- or beta- adrenoceptor antagonists, @entity7 or @entity1 . AII responses were totally inhibited by the @entity5 channel blocker, @entity11 ( @entity9 ) while cotransport inhibitors e.g. @entity10 and @entity2 significantly reduced the size of AII responses in colon and jejunum. These patterns of activity suggest that in the jejunum the responses result from electrogenic @entity5 secretion. Although AII responses in colon were sensitive to DPC the transporting ions have not yet been identified. Both @entity8 and @entity6 inhibited the increase in SCC elicited by AII in the jejunum, and the reduction in SCC caused by AII in the colon. Taken together these results indicate that @entity4 are involved in AII responses in both tissues. This is the first study to demonstrate a direct, electrogenic effect for AII on transporting epithelia from the gastrointestinal tract. The responses are most probably initiated by All interacting with previously identified specific All receptors within the epithelial membranes.

title: The effect of XXXX upon electrogenic ion transport in @entity0 intestinal epithelia.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Epithelial sheets from @entity0 jejunum and descending colon have been shown to respond to @entity3 (AII) when studied under short-circuit conditions and bathed on both sides with Krebs-Henseleit solution. The octapeptide AII elicited increases in short-circuit current (SCC) in preparations of jejunum and decreases in SCC in the descending colon; both responses occurred when the peptide was applied to the basolateral surface, but not when applied to the apical solution. Responses in both tissues were highly specific, being inhibited by a range of AII antagonists with the following order of potency: [Sar1. Thr8]-AII greater than [Sar1. Leu8]-AII greater than [Sar1. Ile8]-AII greater than [Sar1. Ala8]-AII greater than [Des,Asp1. Ile8]-AII in @entity0 jejunum. AII responses were not affected by alpha- or beta- adrenoceptor antagonists, @entity7 or @entity1 . AII responses were totally inhibited by the @entity5 channel blocker, @entity11 ( @entity9 ) while cotransport inhibitors e.g. @entity10 and @entity2 significantly reduced the size of AII responses in colon and jejunum. These patterns of activity suggest that in the jejunum the responses result from electrogenic @entity5 secretion. Although AII responses in colon were sensitive to DPC the transporting ions have not yet been identified. Both @entity8 and @entity6 inhibited the increase in SCC elicited by AII in the jejunum, and the reduction in SCC caused by AII in the colon. Taken together these results indicate that @entity4 are involved in AII responses in both tissues. This is the first study to demonstrate a direct, electrogenic effect for AII on transporting epithelia from the gastrointestinal tract. The responses are most probably initiated by All interacting with previously identified specific All receptors within the epithelial membranes.

title: The effect of @entity3 upon electrogenic ion transport in XXXX intestinal epithelia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The classical Whipple procedure for chronic @entity2 has been associated with significant long term postoperative morbidity. The pylorus-preserving procedure of Longmire has reduced but not eliminated the long-term morbidity. Preservation of the whole duodenum with total pancreatectomy has been introduced for the treatment of @entity0 with end-stage chronic @entity2 after favourable experience with this procedure in @entity0 for @entity3 . Fourteen @entity0 with chronic @entity2 have had a total pancreatectomy with preservation of the duodenum and the bile duct. All @entity0 are still alive (median follow-up 9.5 months) and none suffered major complications in the perioperative period. One @entity0 developed a biliary stricture at 3 months, requiring biliary reconstruction. Six of the @entity0 have returned to full-time work; nine require no analgesia. All @entity0 require pancreatic enzyme replacement, and all @entity0 have gained weight postoperatively. @entity1 control is satisfactory with a twice daily insulin regime. Duodenum-preserving total pancreatectomy is feasible in the adult without mortality or high morbidity; early experience suggests that preserving the duodenum improves gastrointestinal function with easier control of the @entity1 .

title: Duodenum-preserving total pancreatectomy for end stage chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of extracorporeal immunoadsorption of LDL on the lipoprotein metabolism in two @entity0 with @entity2 are reported. The immunoadsorbent consisted of F(ab')2 fragments of sheep anti-LDL antibodies, which had been coupled to Sepharose CL 4B. Within a time period of 3 to 3.5 hours a mean reduction of the level of total @entity1 by 76 +/- 4 p. cent could be obtained. The level of LDL @entity1 was reduced by 78 +/- 4 p. cent and the level of apo. B by 84 +/- 5 p. cent. Both LDL and VLDL were bound to the immunoadsorbent, while HDL was predominantly lowered by the plasma-dilution, which was in the order of 20 p. cent. The same was true for other serum proteins, not related to LDL or VLDL. The relative distribution of the different lipoprotein classes was again reached 3 days after the treatment, the initial lipid and apolipoprotein levels two to three weeks after the treatment. In a long-term therapy consisting of 45 treatments with a mean interval of 18 days between two treatments a mean @entity1 lowering of 42 p. cent could be achieved. No adverse effects and no sensitization to be heterologous protein were observed.

title: Lipoprotein changes in XXXX after extracorporeal immunoadsorption of low density lipoproteins.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Out of 295 outpatients who were followed up by our staff for longer than 4 years, a total of 196 @entity0 was subjected to this retrospective study. The inclusion criterion was that they had inevitably been placed on polytherapy of two or more @entity2 ( @entity2 ). In other words, they had failed to reach monotherapy for some reasons. 2. One of the determinant factors for the success or failure of monotherapy was the type of @entity2 . Namely, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was relatively easy to attain by monotherapy regardless of the @entity3 type, whereas @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with combined @entity3 and secondary @entity2 (SPE) with mixed @entity3 were not infrequently difficult to be placed on a monotherapy regimen. In the latter case, however, an abrupt withdrawal of @entity2 was apt to cause an exacerbation of @entity3 . 3. There were some @entity0 who could reach a complete freedom from @entity3 as a result of bi- or polytherapy and became socially adaptable and acceptable. They themselves are, if not all, afraid of a possible relapse of @entity3 produced by a reduction in the number of @entity2 hitherto prescribed. In some cases, a family member may refuse monotherapy, or even physicians are reluctant to switch to monotherapy because the @entity0 have experienced @entity1 in the past.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Mono- or polytherapy and the severity of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The importance of measuring the quality of @entity2 care has been well recognized in many developed countries, but has never been successfully implemented on a national level in Japan. We sought to establish a wide-scale quality monitoring and evaluation program for @entity2 by measuring 13 process-of-care quality indicators (QIs) using registry-linked claims database. We measured two QIs on pre-treatment testing, nine on adherence to clinical guidelines on therapeutic treatments, and two on supportive care, for breast, prostate, colorectal, stomach, lung, liver, and cervical @entity2 @entity1 who were diagnosed in 2011 from 178 hospitals. We further assessed the reasons for non-adherence for @entity1 who did not receive the indicated care in 26 hospitals. QIs for pretreatment testing were high in most hospitals (above 80%), but scores on adjuvant radiation and chemoradiation therapies were low (20-37%) except for @entity0 (74%). QIs for adjuvant chemotherapy and supportive care were more widely distributed across hospitals (45-68%). Further analysis in 26 hospitals showed that most of the @entity1 who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy had clinically valid reasons for not receiving the specified care (above 70%), but the majority of the @entity1 did not have sufficient reasons for not receiving adjuvant radiotherapy (52-69%) and supportive care (above 80%). We presented the first wide-scale quality measurement initiative of @entity2 @entity1 in Japan. @entity1 without clinically valid reasons for non-adherence should be examined further in the future to improve care. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Monitoring and evaluating the quality of XXXX care in Japan using administrative claims data.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 is an increasingly recognised cause of @entity4 and @entity3 across South East Asia and Northern Australia, caused by the bacterium @entity10 . Risk factors include @entity1 , @entity8 and @entity2 , and a vaccine targeting at-risk populations is urgently required. A better understanding of the protective immune response in naturally infected @entity0 is essential for vaccine design. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal clinical and immunological study of 200 @entity0 with @entity9 on admission, 12 weeks (n = 113) and 52 weeks (n = 65) later. Responses to whole killed @entity10 were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by interferon-gamma (IFN-y) ELIspot assay and flow cytometry and compared to those of control subjects in the region with @entity1 (n = 45) and without @entity1 (n = 43). RESULTS: We demonstrated strong @entity5 + and @entity6 + responses to @entity10 during @entity7 , 12 weeks and 52 weeks later. 28-day mortality was 26% for @entity9 @entity0 , and @entity10 -specific cellular responses in fatal cases (mean 98 IFN-y cells per million PBMC) were significantly lower than those in the survivors (mean 142 IFN-y cells per million PBMC) in a multivariable logistic regression model (P = 0.01). A J-shaped curve association between circulating neutrophil count and mortality was seen with an optimal count of 4000 to 8000 neutrophils/ l. @entity9 @entity0 with known @entity1 had poor @entity1 control (median glycated haemoglobin HbA1c 10.2%, interquartile range 9.2-13.1) and showed a stunted @entity10 -specific cellular response during acute illness compared to those without @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the role of both @entity5 + and @entity6 + T-cells in protection against @entity9 , and an interaction between @entity1 and cellular responses. This supports development of vaccine strategies that induce strong T-cell responses for the control of intracellular pathogens such as @entity10 .

title: T-Cell Responses Are Associated with Survival in Acute XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 is an increasingly recognised cause of @entity4 and @entity3 across South East Asia and Northern Australia, caused by the bacterium @entity10 . Risk factors include @entity1 , @entity8 and @entity2 , and a vaccine targeting at-risk populations is urgently required. A better understanding of the protective immune response in naturally infected @entity0 is essential for vaccine design. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal clinical and immunological study of 200 @entity0 with @entity9 on admission, 12 weeks (n = 113) and 52 weeks (n = 65) later. Responses to whole killed @entity10 were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by interferon-gamma (IFN-y) ELIspot assay and flow cytometry and compared to those of control subjects in the region with @entity1 (n = 45) and without @entity1 (n = 43). RESULTS: We demonstrated strong @entity5 + and @entity6 + responses to @entity10 during @entity7 , 12 weeks and 52 weeks later. 28-day mortality was 26% for @entity9 @entity0 , and @entity10 -specific cellular responses in fatal cases (mean 98 IFN-y cells per million PBMC) were significantly lower than those in the survivors (mean 142 IFN-y cells per million PBMC) in a multivariable logistic regression model (P = 0.01). A J-shaped curve association between circulating neutrophil count and mortality was seen with an optimal count of 4000 to 8000 neutrophils/ l. @entity9 @entity0 with known @entity1 had poor @entity1 control (median glycated haemoglobin HbA1c 10.2%, interquartile range 9.2-13.1) and showed a stunted @entity10 -specific cellular response during acute illness compared to those without @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the role of both @entity5 + and @entity6 + T-cells in protection against @entity9 , and an interaction between @entity1 and cellular responses. This supports development of vaccine strategies that induce strong T-cell responses for the control of intracellular pathogens such as @entity10 .

title: T-Cell Responses Are Associated with Survival in Acute @entity9 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The activation of prothrombin by @entity4 is strongly accelerated by negatively charged phospholipids plus @entity0 ions. In this paper we report that positively charged membranes can also stimulate prothrombin activation provided that the activation reaction is carried out in the absence of @entity0 ions. Membranes composed of a mixture of @entity2 (PC) and positively charged lipids like @entity1 , @entity3 , or @entity5 caused a more than 1000-fold increase of the rate of prothrombin activation. Prothrombin activation by the @entity4 -factor Va complex was also considerably stimulated by such membranes. Stimulation of prothrombin activation by positively charged membranes was suppressed at high ionic strength. This suggests that electrostatic attraction of negatively charged proteins by positively charged membranes is the major driving force in the association of prothrombin and @entity4 with the lipid surface. @entity0 ions strongly inhibited prothrombin activation on vesicles composed of PC and @entity1 (80/20 M/M), which indicates that the regions of prothrombin and/or @entity4 containing @entity6 (gla) are important for the interaction of these proteins with positively charged membranes. The importance of the gla domain was confirmed by the observation that PC/ @entity1 vesicles had much less effect on the reactions between proteins that lack gla residues [gla-domainless (des-1-45) prothrombin, prethrombin 1, prethrombin 2, or gla-domainless (des-1-44) @entity4 ]. The efficiency of prothrombin and prothrombin derivatives to act as substrate decreased in the order prothrombin greater than des-1-45-prothrombin = prethrombin 1 greater than prethrombin 2, while prothrombin activation by gla-domainless (des-1-44) @entity4 was hardly stimulated by positively charged membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX -independent activation of prothrombin on membranes with positively charged lipids.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The protein heterogeneity of fractions isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography on anti- @entity0 and anti-apolipoprotein @entity2 affinity columns was analyzed by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the fractions were analyzed and automatically compared by the computer system MELANIE. Fractions containing apolipoproteins A-I + @entity2 and only A-I as the major protein components have been isolated from plasma and from high density lipoproteins prepared by ultracentrifugation. Similarities between the profiles of the fractions, as indicated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, suggested that those derived from plasma were equivalent to those from high density lipoproteins (HDL), which are particulate in nature. The established apolipoproteins (A-I, @entity2 , A-IV, C, D, and E) were visible and enriched in fractions from both plasma and HDL. However, plasma-derived fractions showed a much greater degree of protein heterogeneity due largely to enrichment in bands corresponding to six additional proteins. They were present in trace amounts in fractions isolated from HDL and certain of the proteins were visible in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the plasma. These proteins are considered to be specifically associated with the immunoaffinity-isolated particles. They have been characterized in terms of Mr and pI. Computer-assisted measurements of protein spot-staining intensities suggest an asymmetric distribution of the proteins (as well as the established apolipoproteins), with four showing greater prominence in particles containing @entity0 but no @entity1 .

title: Protein heterogeneity of lipoprotein particles containing @entity0 without XXXX and @entity0 with @entity1 isolated from human plasma.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The protein heterogeneity of fractions isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography on anti- @entity0 and anti-apolipoprotein @entity2 affinity columns was analyzed by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the fractions were analyzed and automatically compared by the computer system MELANIE. Fractions containing apolipoproteins A-I + @entity2 and only A-I as the major protein components have been isolated from plasma and from high density lipoproteins prepared by ultracentrifugation. Similarities between the profiles of the fractions, as indicated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, suggested that those derived from plasma were equivalent to those from high density lipoproteins (HDL), which are particulate in nature. The established apolipoproteins (A-I, @entity2 , A-IV, C, D, and E) were visible and enriched in fractions from both plasma and HDL. However, plasma-derived fractions showed a much greater degree of protein heterogeneity due largely to enrichment in bands corresponding to six additional proteins. They were present in trace amounts in fractions isolated from HDL and certain of the proteins were visible in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the plasma. These proteins are considered to be specifically associated with the immunoaffinity-isolated particles. They have been characterized in terms of Mr and pI. Computer-assisted measurements of protein spot-staining intensities suggest an asymmetric distribution of the proteins (as well as the established apolipoproteins), with four showing greater prominence in particles containing @entity0 but no @entity1 .

title: Protein heterogeneity of lipoprotein particles containing @entity0 without @entity1 and @entity0 with XXXX isolated from human plasma.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The protein heterogeneity of fractions isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography on anti- @entity0 and anti-apolipoprotein @entity2 affinity columns was analyzed by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the fractions were analyzed and automatically compared by the computer system MELANIE. Fractions containing apolipoproteins A-I + @entity2 and only A-I as the major protein components have been isolated from plasma and from high density lipoproteins prepared by ultracentrifugation. Similarities between the profiles of the fractions, as indicated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, suggested that those derived from plasma were equivalent to those from high density lipoproteins (HDL), which are particulate in nature. The established apolipoproteins (A-I, @entity2 , A-IV, C, D, and E) were visible and enriched in fractions from both plasma and HDL. However, plasma-derived fractions showed a much greater degree of protein heterogeneity due largely to enrichment in bands corresponding to six additional proteins. They were present in trace amounts in fractions isolated from HDL and certain of the proteins were visible in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the plasma. These proteins are considered to be specifically associated with the immunoaffinity-isolated particles. They have been characterized in terms of Mr and pI. Computer-assisted measurements of protein spot-staining intensities suggest an asymmetric distribution of the proteins (as well as the established apolipoproteins), with four showing greater prominence in particles containing @entity0 but no @entity1 .

title: Protein heterogeneity of lipoprotein particles containing XXXX without @entity1 and @entity0 with @entity1 isolated from human plasma.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The protein heterogeneity of fractions isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography on anti- @entity0 and anti-apolipoprotein @entity2 affinity columns was analyzed by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the fractions were analyzed and automatically compared by the computer system MELANIE. Fractions containing apolipoproteins A-I + @entity2 and only A-I as the major protein components have been isolated from plasma and from high density lipoproteins prepared by ultracentrifugation. Similarities between the profiles of the fractions, as indicated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, suggested that those derived from plasma were equivalent to those from high density lipoproteins (HDL), which are particulate in nature. The established apolipoproteins (A-I, @entity2 , A-IV, C, D, and E) were visible and enriched in fractions from both plasma and HDL. However, plasma-derived fractions showed a much greater degree of protein heterogeneity due largely to enrichment in bands corresponding to six additional proteins. They were present in trace amounts in fractions isolated from HDL and certain of the proteins were visible in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles of the plasma. These proteins are considered to be specifically associated with the immunoaffinity-isolated particles. They have been characterized in terms of Mr and pI. Computer-assisted measurements of protein spot-staining intensities suggest an asymmetric distribution of the proteins (as well as the established apolipoproteins), with four showing greater prominence in particles containing @entity0 but no @entity1 .

title: Protein heterogeneity of lipoprotein particles containing @entity0 without @entity1 and XXXX with @entity1 isolated from human plasma.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. A study of the sex- and age- (4 to 103 weeks) related changes in liver microsomal mixed-function oxidase components of @entity0 , showed that total @entity2 ranged from 12.0 to 34.0 nmol/g, peaking between weeks 26 and 39; males had higher levels than females at weeks 4 to 51. Cytochrome b5 ranged from 5.0 to 15.0 nmol/g with inconsistent age- and sex-related differences. 2. @entity1 :cytochrome C reductase ranged from 2.6 to 4.8 mumol/min per g, with maximal activity at week 39; males had greater activity at weeks 12 to 78. @entity3 :cytochrome C reductase ranged from 5.2 to 26.9 mumol/min per g, peaking between weeks 51 and 78; females had greater activity at weeks 12 to 51. 3. This age- and sex-related pattern of changes in these components is specific to the Sprague-Dawley strain. There are slight but significant differences between sexes only in @entity0 less than 1 year old. There was no significant correlation between rates of @entity5 or @entity4 metabolism and @entity2 concentrations.

title: Age- and sex-related changes in the components of the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effects of age on the characteristics of spinal anaesthesia with plain @entity2 were investigated in 29 adult @entity0 (less than 50 yr : group I), and 37 older @entity0 (greater than or equal to 80 yr : group II). Three millilitres of 0.5% solution (15 mg) were injected at the L3-L4 interspace in the lateral position; the @entity0 were turned supine immediately afterwards. The onset, extent and duration of sensory and motor blockade, the cardiovascular effects and the quality of anaesthesia were evaluated. Anaesthesia was unsatisfactory in one @entity0 in group I and two @entity0 in group II; they required a supplement with intravenous inhalation anaesthesia. These @entity0 were not included in the analysis of the variables studied. The time to maximum spread was significantly shorter in the group I : 7.3 min versus 9.9 min in group II. A higher sensory spinal blockade was obtained in the older age group (T 10.4 versus T 11.2). There were no significant difference between the two groups in the mean time from the injection to recovery from @entity1 in the two uppermost segments (121 min versus 107 min). The mean duration of @entity1 at the L2 level did not differ significantly (149 min versus 164 min). All the @entity0 had complete motor blockade of lower limbs. Only the Bromage's degrees 2 and 1 were greater in the elderly's group. In the older group, there was a tendency to a greater decrease in systolic arterial pressure from the preanaesthetic values (-20.9% versus -13%). But moderate falls in mean and diastolic arterial pressures were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Spinal anesthesia with isobaric 0.5% XXXX . Effect of age].

answer: @entity2


abstract: We reviewed the records of 59 @entity0 who suffered @entity11 following @entity1 between the years 1974 and 1984. The age of the @entity0 ranged from 2 to 84 years, with a mean of 35.3 years. Forty-five were male @entity0 . The majority of @entity1 (53%) were caused by motor vehicle accidents. Direct @entity1 was the mechanism of injury for 33 @entity0 , traction for 18, @entity10 for six, and @entity7 for two. The @entity1 occurred on the left side in 33 (56%); the right side in 23 (39%), and bilaterally in three (5%). Eight @entity0 (14%) suffered complete @entity12 , and 51 (86%) incurred partial @entity6 . Nine @entity0 (15.2%) presented in shock. Severe associated @entity1 occurred in this group of @entity0 and included multiple rib @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity2 . Subclavian @entity8 occurred in three @entity0 , axillary artery in two @entity0 , and an internal @entity1 in one @entity0 . Complete resolution of the palsy occurred in 25 @entity0 , partial resolution occurred in 17 cases, and the @entity12 remained permanent in nine. Eight @entity0 were lost to follow-up. @entity11 frequently occur in association with severe @entity1 , are usually partial @entity6 , and resolve partially or completely in two-thirds of cases. In addition, 10% of these @entity0 suffered major @entity8 and 10% incurred significant @entity5 .

title: @entity11 from @entity1 --a harbinger of vascular and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We reviewed the records of 59 @entity0 who suffered @entity11 following @entity1 between the years 1974 and 1984. The age of the @entity0 ranged from 2 to 84 years, with a mean of 35.3 years. Forty-five were male @entity0 . The majority of @entity1 (53%) were caused by motor vehicle accidents. Direct @entity1 was the mechanism of injury for 33 @entity0 , traction for 18, @entity10 for six, and @entity7 for two. The @entity1 occurred on the left side in 33 (56%); the right side in 23 (39%), and bilaterally in three (5%). Eight @entity0 (14%) suffered complete @entity12 , and 51 (86%) incurred partial @entity6 . Nine @entity0 (15.2%) presented in shock. Severe associated @entity1 occurred in this group of @entity0 and included multiple rib @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity2 . Subclavian @entity8 occurred in three @entity0 , axillary artery in two @entity0 , and an internal @entity1 in one @entity0 . Complete resolution of the palsy occurred in 25 @entity0 , partial resolution occurred in 17 cases, and the @entity12 remained permanent in nine. Eight @entity0 were lost to follow-up. @entity11 frequently occur in association with severe @entity1 , are usually partial @entity6 , and resolve partially or completely in two-thirds of cases. In addition, 10% of these @entity0 suffered major @entity8 and 10% incurred significant @entity5 .

title: @entity11 from XXXX --a harbinger of vascular and @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We reviewed the records of 59 @entity0 who suffered @entity11 following @entity1 between the years 1974 and 1984. The age of the @entity0 ranged from 2 to 84 years, with a mean of 35.3 years. Forty-five were male @entity0 . The majority of @entity1 (53%) were caused by motor vehicle accidents. Direct @entity1 was the mechanism of injury for 33 @entity0 , traction for 18, @entity10 for six, and @entity7 for two. The @entity1 occurred on the left side in 33 (56%); the right side in 23 (39%), and bilaterally in three (5%). Eight @entity0 (14%) suffered complete @entity12 , and 51 (86%) incurred partial @entity6 . Nine @entity0 (15.2%) presented in shock. Severe associated @entity1 occurred in this group of @entity0 and included multiple rib @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity2 . Subclavian @entity8 occurred in three @entity0 , axillary artery in two @entity0 , and an internal @entity1 in one @entity0 . Complete resolution of the palsy occurred in 25 @entity0 , partial resolution occurred in 17 cases, and the @entity12 remained permanent in nine. Eight @entity0 were lost to follow-up. @entity11 frequently occur in association with severe @entity1 , are usually partial @entity6 , and resolve partially or completely in two-thirds of cases. In addition, 10% of these @entity0 suffered major @entity8 and 10% incurred significant @entity5 .

title: XXXX from @entity1 --a harbinger of vascular and @entity5 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: To assess the efficacy of once daily monotherapy relative to standard combination antibiotic therapy for the initial management of @entity0 suspected of serious @entity6 , we conducted a randomized trial comparing @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with a combination of @entity5 plus @entity4 . Of 105 @entity0 , 53 were treated with @entity7 alone and 52 with the combination; 13 @entity0 were considered not evaluable. 42 of 53 @entity0 given @entity7 and 33 of 52 given @entity5 plus @entity4 responded to treatment (p = 0.07). Three @entity0 given @entity7 and 6 who received @entity4 plus @entity5 died (p = 0.28). Definite @entity6 were identified in 67 @entity0 ; of the evaluable @entity0 with a definite infection 27 of 29 who received @entity7 and 21 of 31 who were treated with the combination were cured (p = 0.01). No difference was found in the number of side effects. However, therapy had to be discontinued due to treatment failure, an adverse effect or @entity1 in 1 of 33 @entity0 given @entity7 and in 11 of 34 given the combination (p = 0.002). @entity7 was found to have an impact on the count of @entity3 in intestinal microflora. Changes in normal bacterial composition did not lead to the overgrowth with resistant Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas, however, colonization by @entity2 was observed. Using @entity7 reduced the cost of antimicrobial therapy per @entity0 by 107 pounds (US  183). Moreover, the total time save per @entity0 due to decreased nursing and drug administration time per day was 40 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative study of XXXX monotherapy versus a combination regimen of @entity5 plus @entity4 for treatment of serious @entity6 : the efficacy, safety and effect on fecal flora.

answer: @entity7


abstract: To assess the efficacy of once daily monotherapy relative to standard combination antibiotic therapy for the initial management of @entity0 suspected of serious @entity6 , we conducted a randomized trial comparing @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with a combination of @entity5 plus @entity4 . Of 105 @entity0 , 53 were treated with @entity7 alone and 52 with the combination; 13 @entity0 were considered not evaluable. 42 of 53 @entity0 given @entity7 and 33 of 52 given @entity5 plus @entity4 responded to treatment (p = 0.07). Three @entity0 given @entity7 and 6 who received @entity4 plus @entity5 died (p = 0.28). Definite @entity6 were identified in 67 @entity0 ; of the evaluable @entity0 with a definite infection 27 of 29 who received @entity7 and 21 of 31 who were treated with the combination were cured (p = 0.01). No difference was found in the number of side effects. However, therapy had to be discontinued due to treatment failure, an adverse effect or @entity1 in 1 of 33 @entity0 given @entity7 and in 11 of 34 given the combination (p = 0.002). @entity7 was found to have an impact on the count of @entity3 in intestinal microflora. Changes in normal bacterial composition did not lead to the overgrowth with resistant Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas, however, colonization by @entity2 was observed. Using @entity7 reduced the cost of antimicrobial therapy per @entity0 by 107 pounds (US  183). Moreover, the total time save per @entity0 due to decreased nursing and drug administration time per day was 40 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative study of @entity7 monotherapy versus a combination regimen of @entity5 plus XXXX for treatment of serious @entity6 : the efficacy, safety and effect on fecal flora.

answer: @entity4


abstract: To assess the efficacy of once daily monotherapy relative to standard combination antibiotic therapy for the initial management of @entity0 suspected of serious @entity6 , we conducted a randomized trial comparing @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with a combination of @entity5 plus @entity4 . Of 105 @entity0 , 53 were treated with @entity7 alone and 52 with the combination; 13 @entity0 were considered not evaluable. 42 of 53 @entity0 given @entity7 and 33 of 52 given @entity5 plus @entity4 responded to treatment (p = 0.07). Three @entity0 given @entity7 and 6 who received @entity4 plus @entity5 died (p = 0.28). Definite @entity6 were identified in 67 @entity0 ; of the evaluable @entity0 with a definite infection 27 of 29 who received @entity7 and 21 of 31 who were treated with the combination were cured (p = 0.01). No difference was found in the number of side effects. However, therapy had to be discontinued due to treatment failure, an adverse effect or @entity1 in 1 of 33 @entity0 given @entity7 and in 11 of 34 given the combination (p = 0.002). @entity7 was found to have an impact on the count of @entity3 in intestinal microflora. Changes in normal bacterial composition did not lead to the overgrowth with resistant Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas, however, colonization by @entity2 was observed. Using @entity7 reduced the cost of antimicrobial therapy per @entity0 by 107 pounds (US  183). Moreover, the total time save per @entity0 due to decreased nursing and drug administration time per day was 40 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative study of @entity7 monotherapy versus a combination regimen of XXXX plus @entity4 for treatment of serious @entity6 : the efficacy, safety and effect on fecal flora.

answer: @entity5


abstract: To assess the efficacy of once daily monotherapy relative to standard combination antibiotic therapy for the initial management of @entity0 suspected of serious @entity6 , we conducted a randomized trial comparing @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with a combination of @entity5 plus @entity4 . Of 105 @entity0 , 53 were treated with @entity7 alone and 52 with the combination; 13 @entity0 were considered not evaluable. 42 of 53 @entity0 given @entity7 and 33 of 52 given @entity5 plus @entity4 responded to treatment (p = 0.07). Three @entity0 given @entity7 and 6 who received @entity4 plus @entity5 died (p = 0.28). Definite @entity6 were identified in 67 @entity0 ; of the evaluable @entity0 with a definite infection 27 of 29 who received @entity7 and 21 of 31 who were treated with the combination were cured (p = 0.01). No difference was found in the number of side effects. However, therapy had to be discontinued due to treatment failure, an adverse effect or @entity1 in 1 of 33 @entity0 given @entity7 and in 11 of 34 given the combination (p = 0.002). @entity7 was found to have an impact on the count of @entity3 in intestinal microflora. Changes in normal bacterial composition did not lead to the overgrowth with resistant Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas, however, colonization by @entity2 was observed. Using @entity7 reduced the cost of antimicrobial therapy per @entity0 by 107 pounds (US  183). Moreover, the total time save per @entity0 due to decreased nursing and drug administration time per day was 40 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative study of @entity7 monotherapy versus a combination regimen of @entity5 plus @entity4 for treatment of serious XXXX : the efficacy, safety and effect on fecal flora.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Both @entity2 and @entity8 can be associated with intermittent or chronic @entity7 leading to @entity3 and @entity9 . When these problems coexist, it is possible that the cardiopulmonary effects are additive. We hypothesized that hemodynamic disturbances in @entity0 with @entity4 would be more severe than in those with @entity5 alone, and that hemodynamic improvement should follow @entity5 cure, but perhaps at a slower rate than in those with @entity5 alone. To test these hypotheses, we prospectively followed 24 @entity0 with @entity6 . They were divided into 3 nonrandomized groups. Nineteen @entity0 had both @entity4 . Nine of these agreed to curative tracheostomy (Group 1). The other 10 subjects (Group 2) refused tracheostomy but accepted noncurative therapies, including nocturnal @entity1 (n = 9), uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (n = 2), and @entity10 (n = 4). Five subjects with @entity5 but without clinically obvious @entity4 received tracheostomies (Group 3). Subjects were followed at yearly intervals (mean follow-up, 27.2 months) with radionuclide motion studies and, in 15 of 24 who consented, right heart catheterization. The 3 groups did not vary with respect to age, percent ideal weight, or severity of @entity5 symptoms. The severity of right-sided hemodynamic dysfunction in the group with @entity5 but no obvious @entity4 was less than that in the 2 groups with @entity4 . A substantial decrease in pulmonary artery pressure (p = 0.056) and significant improvement in right ventricular ejection fraction occurred in the tracheostomized group with both @entity4 . Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased in both groups receiving tracheostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term cardiopulmonary sequelae in @entity0 with XXXX and @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Both @entity2 and @entity8 can be associated with intermittent or chronic @entity7 leading to @entity3 and @entity9 . When these problems coexist, it is possible that the cardiopulmonary effects are additive. We hypothesized that hemodynamic disturbances in @entity0 with @entity4 would be more severe than in those with @entity5 alone, and that hemodynamic improvement should follow @entity5 cure, but perhaps at a slower rate than in those with @entity5 alone. To test these hypotheses, we prospectively followed 24 @entity0 with @entity6 . They were divided into 3 nonrandomized groups. Nineteen @entity0 had both @entity4 . Nine of these agreed to curative tracheostomy (Group 1). The other 10 subjects (Group 2) refused tracheostomy but accepted noncurative therapies, including nocturnal @entity1 (n = 9), uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (n = 2), and @entity10 (n = 4). Five subjects with @entity5 but without clinically obvious @entity4 received tracheostomies (Group 3). Subjects were followed at yearly intervals (mean follow-up, 27.2 months) with radionuclide motion studies and, in 15 of 24 who consented, right heart catheterization. The 3 groups did not vary with respect to age, percent ideal weight, or severity of @entity5 symptoms. The severity of right-sided hemodynamic dysfunction in the group with @entity5 but no obvious @entity4 was less than that in the 2 groups with @entity4 . A substantial decrease in pulmonary artery pressure (p = 0.056) and significant improvement in right ventricular ejection fraction occurred in the tracheostomized group with both @entity4 . Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased in both groups receiving tracheostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term cardiopulmonary sequelae in @entity0 with @entity6 and XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Both @entity2 and @entity8 can be associated with intermittent or chronic @entity7 leading to @entity3 and @entity9 . When these problems coexist, it is possible that the cardiopulmonary effects are additive. We hypothesized that hemodynamic disturbances in @entity0 with @entity4 would be more severe than in those with @entity5 alone, and that hemodynamic improvement should follow @entity5 cure, but perhaps at a slower rate than in those with @entity5 alone. To test these hypotheses, we prospectively followed 24 @entity0 with @entity6 . They were divided into 3 nonrandomized groups. Nineteen @entity0 had both @entity4 . Nine of these agreed to curative tracheostomy (Group 1). The other 10 subjects (Group 2) refused tracheostomy but accepted noncurative therapies, including nocturnal @entity1 (n = 9), uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (n = 2), and @entity10 (n = 4). Five subjects with @entity5 but without clinically obvious @entity4 received tracheostomies (Group 3). Subjects were followed at yearly intervals (mean follow-up, 27.2 months) with radionuclide motion studies and, in 15 of 24 who consented, right heart catheterization. The 3 groups did not vary with respect to age, percent ideal weight, or severity of @entity5 symptoms. The severity of right-sided hemodynamic dysfunction in the group with @entity5 but no obvious @entity4 was less than that in the 2 groups with @entity4 . A substantial decrease in pulmonary artery pressure (p = 0.056) and significant improvement in right ventricular ejection fraction occurred in the tracheostomized group with both @entity4 . Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased in both groups receiving tracheostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term cardiopulmonary sequelae in XXXX with @entity6 and @entity8 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Four prepuberal @entity0 , two @entity0 and two @entity0 , aged 7 years 3 months to 11 years 6 months with chronic @entity2 were studied. Informed parental consent was obtained. Growth was followed for two years or more and was always less than P 3. Growth velocity during observation period was 4 cm/y or less. Gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal and thyroid functions were normal. Skeletal X-ray examination revealed no anomalies. karyotype in the two @entity0 was 44XX. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) secretion was evaluated in all cases by two different test: exercise- @entity3 and insulin-induced @entity5 . Peaks of @entity4 secretion were 10 ng/ml or more. In three @entity0 , @entity4 secretion was also evaluated during first two hours of @entity1 . @entity4 peaks were 10, 4 and 13.4 ng/ml, respectively. Somatomedin activity (SA) measured in basal condition on two different days with six month interval was low (0.28-0.70 U/ml) and increased after seven daily doses of 2 mg of @entity4 , in all @entity0 (0.80-1.12 U/ml). All @entity0 were treated with @entity4 (2 mg/3 times/week), and growth velocity increased from 4 to 8.7, from 3.9 to 8.8, from 3 to 6.5 and from 3.2 to 6 cm/y, respectively. In conclusion, SA is of value in selection of @entity0 with chronic @entity2 , who may benefit from long-term @entity4 therapy.

title: [Chronic delay of growth with normal response of XXXX secretion to provocation stimuli for its liberation and decreased somatomedin activity: treatment with @entity4 over 6 months].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Four prepuberal @entity0 , two @entity0 and two @entity0 , aged 7 years 3 months to 11 years 6 months with chronic @entity2 were studied. Informed parental consent was obtained. Growth was followed for two years or more and was always less than P 3. Growth velocity during observation period was 4 cm/y or less. Gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal and thyroid functions were normal. Skeletal X-ray examination revealed no anomalies. karyotype in the two @entity0 was 44XX. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) secretion was evaluated in all cases by two different test: exercise- @entity3 and insulin-induced @entity5 . Peaks of @entity4 secretion were 10 ng/ml or more. In three @entity0 , @entity4 secretion was also evaluated during first two hours of @entity1 . @entity4 peaks were 10, 4 and 13.4 ng/ml, respectively. Somatomedin activity (SA) measured in basal condition on two different days with six month interval was low (0.28-0.70 U/ml) and increased after seven daily doses of 2 mg of @entity4 , in all @entity0 (0.80-1.12 U/ml). All @entity0 were treated with @entity4 (2 mg/3 times/week), and growth velocity increased from 4 to 8.7, from 3.9 to 8.8, from 3 to 6.5 and from 3.2 to 6 cm/y, respectively. In conclusion, SA is of value in selection of @entity0 with chronic @entity2 , who may benefit from long-term @entity4 therapy.

title: [Chronic delay of growth with normal response of @entity4 secretion to provocation stimuli for its liberation and decreased somatomedin activity: treatment with XXXX over 6 months].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The data of 331 @entity1 with @entity0 treated in the Second Department of Surgery, Helsinki University, during the period 1976-1980 ( @entity1 material, treatment, prognostic factors) is evaluated and compared with an equally large @entity1 material treated during the period 1951-1961 in the same hospital. A breast lump was the main symptom in 94% and the @entity3 was found by the @entity1 in most cases. Only two @entity1 were younger than 30 years. The median delays to the first medical contact and to operative treatment were 30 and 20 days respectively. The delay had no influence on the prognosis. Also, the age of the @entity1 and the localization of the @entity3 had no significant effect on the prognosis. Simple mastectomy with axillary lymph node excision was the main operative treatment in the present material whereas Halsted's radical mastectomy was frequently performed in the previous study. Operative radicality was the same in both studies. The prognosis has improved in all clinical stages. The present relative five year survivals in stages I-IV were 95, 83, 53 and 18%, whereas in the previous study they were 75, 58, 41 and 0%, respectively. The improvement in stage II-IV @entity0 is probably due to advances in radio- and chemotherapy. However, the improvement in the prognosis of stage I and to a lesser extent of @entity0 cannot be explained on this basis alone. Neither do the shorter delays in treatment fully explain the differences in the prognosis. The most frequent sites of @entity2 were bone and lung/pleura where almost half of the total @entity2 occurring during the follow-up were found.

title: Changes in the treatment and prognosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The antithrombotic efficacy of @entity4 (Naf) was assessed with the following method: an endothelial cell damage is induced in arteriolar vessels of the hamster cheek pouch by intravascular excitation of @entity2 - @entity3 -dextran. On these damaged cells, platelets adhere and a stable @entity1 grows. This process progressively obstructs the vessel's aperture and hence reduces blood flow. Blood cell velocity may thus be used to quantitate @entity1 growth. @entity1 growth is assessed before and repetitively after parenteral application of 1, 5 and 20 mg/kg Naf. Efficacy is compared with 10 and 100 mg/kg @entity0 . Naf shows a significant antithrombotic property, beginning with a dosage of 1 mg/kg which further increases relative to the dosage, and the stability of thrombi decreased. The antithrombotic effectiveness of Naf increases continuously during 120 min after application. Vessel diameter and cell velocity were the same in compared groups thus excluding an influence of the vasodilatory property of Naf on @entity1 growth. Sixty min after application, 5 mg/kg Naf was as effective as 10 mg/kg @entity0 .

title: Antithrombotic efficacy and its time course after application of XXXX in vivo.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The association of @entity1 with @entity2 is not well documented. Our endoscopic experience over a seven-year period (1979 to 1985) included 3247 esophagoduodenoscopies (EGDs). Bezoars were found in 14 @entity0 (0.4%). The mean age of these 14 @entity0 was 63 years (range, 27 to 84 years); there were eight @entity0 and six @entity0 . In 11 @entity0 , there was a history and/or findings of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Two @entity0 had prior surgery (Billroth II in one and vagotomy in another). Seven @entity0 had @entity1 ; five had @entity1 for over five years, and three of these five had @entity1 for over ten years. @entity1 was newly diagnosed in one @entity0 . Except for the newly diagnosed @entity0 , the other @entity1 @entity0 had evidence of @entity3 . Two other @entity0 (not included with the @entity1 @entity0 ) had @entity5 only during stress. The three @entity0 with bezoars but without @entity6 all had @entity1 for many years (9, 17, and 19 years). In two control groups of 14 @entity0 each who also underwent endoscopy, only one @entity1 @entity0 was discovered. We conclude that @entity1 and associated gastropathy are major risk factors for @entity4 formation, especially in the absence of @entity6 .

title: Association of @entity1 with XXXX formation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The association of @entity1 with @entity2 is not well documented. Our endoscopic experience over a seven-year period (1979 to 1985) included 3247 esophagoduodenoscopies (EGDs). Bezoars were found in 14 @entity0 (0.4%). The mean age of these 14 @entity0 was 63 years (range, 27 to 84 years); there were eight @entity0 and six @entity0 . In 11 @entity0 , there was a history and/or findings of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Two @entity0 had prior surgery (Billroth II in one and vagotomy in another). Seven @entity0 had @entity1 ; five had @entity1 for over five years, and three of these five had @entity1 for over ten years. @entity1 was newly diagnosed in one @entity0 . Except for the newly diagnosed @entity0 , the other @entity1 @entity0 had evidence of @entity3 . Two other @entity0 (not included with the @entity1 @entity0 ) had @entity5 only during stress. The three @entity0 with bezoars but without @entity6 all had @entity1 for many years (9, 17, and 19 years). In two control groups of 14 @entity0 each who also underwent endoscopy, only one @entity1 @entity0 was discovered. We conclude that @entity1 and associated gastropathy are major risk factors for @entity4 formation, especially in the absence of @entity6 .

title: Association of XXXX with @entity2 formation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Sixteen mongrel @entity1 were depancreatized and controlled with intravenous hyperalimentation that included fat emulsion (Intralipid) for four weeks. Plasma lipids, fat tolerance test, PHLA, and presence of @entity2 were investigated. @entity1 were divided into three groups (A, B, and C) for the purpose of studying the effect of fat emulsion. Groups A(n = 6) and B(n = 5) were given fat emulsion 1g/kg/day and 2g/kg/day respectively. Group C(n = 5) was not given fat emulsion. Group B had increased plasma total @entity0 and phospholipid. Group A had a slight increase of TG only. Group C had decreased plasma total @entity0 and phospholipid, and became hypoglycemic sometimes. The ability to clear fat emulsion expressed as (K2) decreased significantly after the 14th day in group B only. LPL, determined by the PHLA test in groups B and C only, did not change significantly. It seemed that fat emulsion was utilized in part as FFA and @entity3 bodies. Infusion of fat emulsion did not lead to @entity2 when insulin was administered continuously. For the depancreatized condition, it appeared that fat emulsion could be useful when blood sugar was controlled with insulin.

title: [Effect of intravenous administration of fat emulsion to depancreatized XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cardiac sources of emboli have been frequently described in @entity0 with Transitory @entity1 Attacks (TIAs). The aim of our study was to assess the value of two-dimensional echocardiography (2D-E) in the investigation for possible cardiac aetiology of TIAs. As an offshoot of a larger epidemiologic study which aimed at determining the period prevalence of TIAs in 6.504 subject(s) of the general population aged between 40-65, fifty subjects with @entity9 (group A) and 66 controls (group B) were studied. A @entity3 was found in 20/50 s. (40%) in group A ( @entity5 : 5; @entity2 : 4; @entity8 : 5; left @entity4 : 2; @entity6 : 2; aortic valve prosthesis: 1; @entity7 : 1) and in 5/66 s. (7.5%) in group B (p less than 0.01) (coronary disease: 2; @entity2 : 1; @entity8 : 2). A potential source of emboli was present in 11 s. in group A (22%) and in 2 s. in group B (3%) (p less than 0.01). In 4/50 s. in group A and in 1/66 in group B the diagnosis was obtained by means of 2D-E only, because other clinical signs and ECG data were negative. 2D-E could only confirm the diagnosis in the remaining cases, with no additional information (i.e., no intracavitary masses were seen). In conclusion there is a high prevalence of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity9 over 40 years of age. A cardiac source of emboli may be suspected in a substantial number of cases. Nevertheless the value of routine 2D-E in disclosing an otherwise undetected source of emboli is rather low.

title: [Role of two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of embolic cardiopathy in XXXX with transient cerebral ischemia attacks].

answer: @entity0