abstract: The activities of four purified @entity0 growth factors: biosynthetic (recombinant) @entity2 ( @entity2 ); recombinant @entity3 (EPA); natural and recombinant @entity1 ( @entity1 ); and natural @entity1 alpha ( @entity1 alpha), were compared on the growth of hematopoietic colonies from enriched populations of @entity0 marrow and blood progenitor cells. Conditioned medium from the Mo T cell line (MoCM) was used as a standard positive control. We found that activities of @entity2 and @entity1 alpha on the growth of hematopoietic colonies were indistinguishable; @entity1 alpha is now believed to be identical to @entity2 . Both factors were able to promote the growth of colonies derived from subpopulations of CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEM. Colonies derived from CFU-GM and CFU-GEM in cultures stimulated by @entity2 and @entity1 alpha were much smaller than in cultures stimulated by MoCM. In contrast to previous reports in which less highly enriched progenitors were used as target cells, @entity1 had no detectable activity on the growth of colonies derived from BFU-E or CFU-GEM but promoted the growth of a subpopulation of CFU-GM derived colonies. @entity1 is now recognized to be identical to @entity1 . The GM colonies in cultures stimulated by @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were much smaller than in cultures stimulated by MoCM. EPA had no detectable activity on either the size or number of colonies derived from CFU-GM, BFU-E, or CFU-GEM. Results from experiments using target cell populations of marrow fractions separated by velocity sedimentation and marrow populations following freezing suggested that @entity2 ( @entity1 alpha) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) primarily affect the growth of relatively mature subpopulations of progenitor cells. It is clear from these results that additional factor(s) are present in MoCM that are necessary to stimulate CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEM maximally in vitro.

title: Activities of four purified growth factors on highly enriched XXXX hematopoietic progenitor cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 stimulated an increase in transmural electrical potential difference (p.d.) in @entity0 seminal vesicle tissue in vitro. Pretreatment with @entity5 abolished this response. @entity5 pretreatment did not prevent the p.d. from increasing in response to theophylline. Changes in p.d. in response to @entity1 were greatly attenuated, and the response to @entity2 was abolished in seminal vesicle tissue taken from castrated @entity0 . Seminal vesicles, aorta and ileum taken from castrated @entity0 synthesized and released more @entity3 than did those from control animals. It is concluded that the effects of @entity1 on p.d. are mediated by its metabolism to @entity3 ; the inability of seminal vesicles from castrated animals to respond to @entity1 is not a result of a decrease in @entity4 production, but is more likely a result of other degenerative changes attendant upon castration; and @entity6 appear to have some regulatory function on @entity4 synthesis in a variety of tissues.

title: Effect of castration on XXXX -mediated changes in membrane potential and @entity4 synthesis in @entity0 seminal vesicle tissue.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 stimulated an increase in transmural electrical potential difference (p.d.) in @entity0 seminal vesicle tissue in vitro. Pretreatment with @entity5 abolished this response. @entity5 pretreatment did not prevent the p.d. from increasing in response to theophylline. Changes in p.d. in response to @entity1 were greatly attenuated, and the response to @entity2 was abolished in seminal vesicle tissue taken from castrated @entity0 . Seminal vesicles, aorta and ileum taken from castrated @entity0 synthesized and released more @entity3 than did those from control animals. It is concluded that the effects of @entity1 on p.d. are mediated by its metabolism to @entity3 ; the inability of seminal vesicles from castrated animals to respond to @entity1 is not a result of a decrease in @entity4 production, but is more likely a result of other degenerative changes attendant upon castration; and @entity6 appear to have some regulatory function on @entity4 synthesis in a variety of tissues.

title: Effect of castration on @entity4 -mediated changes in membrane potential and XXXX synthesis in @entity0 seminal vesicle tissue.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 stimulated an increase in transmural electrical potential difference (p.d.) in @entity0 seminal vesicle tissue in vitro. Pretreatment with @entity5 abolished this response. @entity5 pretreatment did not prevent the p.d. from increasing in response to theophylline. Changes in p.d. in response to @entity1 were greatly attenuated, and the response to @entity2 was abolished in seminal vesicle tissue taken from castrated @entity0 . Seminal vesicles, aorta and ileum taken from castrated @entity0 synthesized and released more @entity3 than did those from control animals. It is concluded that the effects of @entity1 on p.d. are mediated by its metabolism to @entity3 ; the inability of seminal vesicles from castrated animals to respond to @entity1 is not a result of a decrease in @entity4 production, but is more likely a result of other degenerative changes attendant upon castration; and @entity6 appear to have some regulatory function on @entity4 synthesis in a variety of tissues.

title: Effect of castration on @entity4 -mediated changes in membrane potential and @entity4 synthesis in XXXX seminal vesicle tissue.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of supplemental transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) through the extrahepatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for the treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: We studied 21 @entity0 with extrahepatic collaterals of the @entity5 , among 1,512 @entity0 with @entity4 who had undergone angiography. HCCs supplied by collateral OAs were located at: segment IV in seven, segment V in five, segment III in three, segment VI in three and segment @entity7 in three @entity0 (Couinaud classification of segments). On preoperative CT scans, every @entity4 was abutting the liver surface. @entity9 or engorgement was noted in 11 @entity0 . @entity3 showed @entity8 of the feeding @entity5 in all @entity0 . TACE of the @entity5 was performed in 19 @entity0 with an emulsion of iodized oil and @entity6 . Embolization with gelatin sponge particles was added in five @entity0 . RESULTS: Collaterals of the @entity5 to the @entity4 were found on the first to seventeenth sessions of TACE. On follow-up CT scans, five @entity0 showed complete uptake of iodized oil in the @entity1 . Partial uptake of iodized oil was noted in 13 @entity0 and no uptake in one @entity0 . There was no serious complication that related to the omental embolization, such as @entity2 . The cumulative survival rates from the time of the TACE of the @entity5 were 81% at 6 months and 68% at 12 months. CONCLUSION: TACE of the @entity5 is safe and has a potential therapeutic effect in the treatment of @entity4 .

title: XXXX through a @entity5 : treatment for @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of supplemental transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) through the extrahepatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for the treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: We studied 21 @entity0 with extrahepatic collaterals of the @entity5 , among 1,512 @entity0 with @entity4 who had undergone angiography. HCCs supplied by collateral OAs were located at: segment IV in seven, segment V in five, segment III in three, segment VI in three and segment @entity7 in three @entity0 (Couinaud classification of segments). On preoperative CT scans, every @entity4 was abutting the liver surface. @entity9 or engorgement was noted in 11 @entity0 . @entity3 showed @entity8 of the feeding @entity5 in all @entity0 . TACE of the @entity5 was performed in 19 @entity0 with an emulsion of iodized oil and @entity6 . Embolization with gelatin sponge particles was added in five @entity0 . RESULTS: Collaterals of the @entity5 to the @entity4 were found on the first to seventeenth sessions of TACE. On follow-up CT scans, five @entity0 showed complete uptake of iodized oil in the @entity1 . Partial uptake of iodized oil was noted in 13 @entity0 and no uptake in one @entity0 . There was no serious complication that related to the omental embolization, such as @entity2 . The cumulative survival rates from the time of the TACE of the @entity5 were 81% at 6 months and 68% at 12 months. CONCLUSION: TACE of the @entity5 is safe and has a potential therapeutic effect in the treatment of @entity4 .

title: @entity5 through a XXXX : treatment for @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of supplemental transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) through the extrahepatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for the treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: We studied 21 @entity0 with extrahepatic collaterals of the @entity5 , among 1,512 @entity0 with @entity4 who had undergone angiography. HCCs supplied by collateral OAs were located at: segment IV in seven, segment V in five, segment III in three, segment VI in three and segment @entity7 in three @entity0 (Couinaud classification of segments). On preoperative CT scans, every @entity4 was abutting the liver surface. @entity9 or engorgement was noted in 11 @entity0 . @entity3 showed @entity8 of the feeding @entity5 in all @entity0 . TACE of the @entity5 was performed in 19 @entity0 with an emulsion of iodized oil and @entity6 . Embolization with gelatin sponge particles was added in five @entity0 . RESULTS: Collaterals of the @entity5 to the @entity4 were found on the first to seventeenth sessions of TACE. On follow-up CT scans, five @entity0 showed complete uptake of iodized oil in the @entity1 . Partial uptake of iodized oil was noted in 13 @entity0 and no uptake in one @entity0 . There was no serious complication that related to the omental embolization, such as @entity2 . The cumulative survival rates from the time of the TACE of the @entity5 were 81% at 6 months and 68% at 12 months. CONCLUSION: TACE of the @entity5 is safe and has a potential therapeutic effect in the treatment of @entity4 .

title: @entity5 through a @entity5 : treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate of the efficacy and safety of 8 hours of continuous, low-level heatwrap therapy administered during sleep. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, parallel, single-blind (investigator), placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial. SETTING: Two community-based research facilities. @entity0 : Seventy-six @entity0 , aged 18 to 55 years, with acute, nonspecific @entity3 . INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were stratified by baseline @entity2 intensity and gender and randomized to one of the following treatments: evaluation of efficacy (heatwrap, n=33; oral placebo, n=34) or blinding (unheated wrap, n=5; oral @entity4 , n=4). All treatments were administered for 3 consecutive nights with 2 days of follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary: morning @entity2 relief (hour 0) on days 2 through 4 (0-5-point verbal response scale). Secondary: mean @entity2 relief score (days 2-4, hours 0-8), mean extended @entity2 relief score (day 4, hour 0; day 5, hour 0), @entity1 , lateral trunk flexibility, and disability (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire). RESULTS: Heatwrap therapy was significantly better than placebo at hour 0 on days 2 through 4 for mean @entity2 relief (P=.00005); at hours 0 through 8 on days 2 through 4 for @entity2 relief (P<.001); at hour 0 on day 4 and at hour 0 on day 5 for mean @entity2 relief (P<.001); on day 4 in reduction of morning @entity1 (P<.001); for increased lateral trunk flexibility on day 4 (P<.002); and for @entity3 on day 4 (P=.005). Adverse events were mild and infrequent. CONCLUSIONS: Overnight use of heatwrap therapy provided effective @entity2 relief throughout the next day, reduced @entity1 and disability, and improved trunk flexibility. Positive effects were sustained more than 48 hours after treatments were completed.

title: Overnight use of continuous low-level heatwrap therapy for relief of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether computer adaptive testing (CAT) can be used to decrease the number of @entity3 trade mark instrument motor component items administered in assessing @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). DESIGN: For a CAT simulation, a 3-step algorithm was used to select 6 @entity3 items for each individual; items were selected according to the subject's motor ability as estimated by 2 initial items. Separate estimates of motor ability for admission, discharge, and follow-up data (plus combined time points) derived from 6 items were compared statistically with estimates derived from 14 items (walking and wheelchair mobility were split). SETTING: Records from the @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity0 : @entity0 served by the @entity2 , for whom complete motor @entity3 information was available for rehabilitation admission (N=5,969), discharge (N=5,964), or follow-up at a first or later anniversary (N=5,176). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Similarity of mean, standard deviation, @entity1 , kurtosis, and Rasch reliability and separation of @entity0 and items based on 6 and 13 items; intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for parallel estimates. RESULTS: Calibrations for @entity3 items and @entity3 steps differed for the 3 time points, but showed sufficient agreement (ICC, >.90) that combined calibration was feasible. Means and other distribution characteristics differed minimally between the 6- and 13-item estimates. The @entity0 and item separations and reliabilities were somewhat lower and the mean measurement errors somewhat higher for the 6-item estimates, but only marginally so. ICCs between 6- and 13-item estimates were .95 or higher. CONCLUSION: CAT can be used to reduce data collection time; the level of precision of estimates is minimally less than that provided by traditional assessment approaches.

title: A computer adaptive testing simulation applied to the XXXX instrument motor component.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The specificity of three commonly used monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) reacting with @entity0 class II histocompatibility antigens, was analyzed to determine whether these MoAbs would distinguish between @entity1 , DQ, and DR in a large number of haplotypes. The reactivity of these MoAbs (L243, Anti-Leu 10, and @entity3 ) was compared by serial immunoprecipitation of class II antigens from 11 B-cell lines. The cell lines examined expressed a total of five DP, three DQ, and nine DR types, which together represent most of the well-defined class II specificities. This is the first demonstration that one of these antibodies, @entity3 . binds to at least five DP specificities, and does not bind to DR or DQ molecules as defined by reactivity with the two other MoAbs. Within the scope of these experiments, the @entity3 antibody was shown to react with a monomorphic DP determinant. A variant clone of the @entity3 hybridoma was isolated that secretes IgG1 antibody with the same specificity as the original @entity2 antibody. The two other antibodies studied have been previously shown to react with DR molecules (L243) or DQ molecules (Anti-Leu 10). Here, their lack of cross-reaction with DP molecules is demonstrated. Thus, each of the three MoAbs reacts exclusively with a distinct class II molecule in all haplotypes studied, and therefore should be useful for comparing the independent expression and function of DP, DQ, and DR molecules.

title: Monoclonal antibodies that distinguish between class II antigens ( XXXX , DQ, and DR) in 14 haplotypes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The classification scheme of @entity7 has undergone numerous revisions. The criteria for distinguishing seven distinct subtypes of @entity12 are now well defined by consensus in the recently published ATS/ERS classification of these @entity6 . In our present review the histological patterns of the different types are described and the differential diagnosis of @entity12 is discussed. Surgical lung biopsy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of @entity7 , and sampling from at least 2 sites is recommended. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical biopsy is the preferred method for obtaining lung tissue as this procedure offers a similar yield as an open thoracotomy The most common histological subtype of chronic @entity7 is the @entity9 [ @entity9 ] which makes up 47-71% of cases. The key histologic features include patchy subpleural and paraseptal distribution of remodeling lung architecture with dense @entity4 , frequent honeycombing, and large fibroblastic foci. Temporal and spatial heterogeneity are the hallmarks. @entity7 [ @entity7 ] occurs primarily in middle-aged @entity0 who have never smoked, with more than 5-years survival rate in 80% of @entity0 . The major feature of @entity7 is a uniform interstitial thickening of @entity5 by a fibrosing or cellular process. The cardinal histological feature in @entity8 and desquamative @entity3 is an excess of intraalveolar histiocytes. In both patterns, there is variable interstitial @entity4 and @entity2 , and a strong association with a history of smoking. @entity11 ( @entity11 [BOOP]) is not strictly an interstitial process, because the alveoli and bronchioles are filled by intraluminal polyps of fibroblastic tissue and the expansion of the interstitium is mild. @entity7 [ @entity7 ] is currently viewed as a pattern of diffuse reactive @entity6 associated in most cases with EB virus, immunosuppression, or a @entity10 . Malignant transformation may rarely occur. A dense mixed interstitial lymphoid infiltrate is a typical histological finding. @entity1 [ @entity1 ] from unknown causes is termed @entity7 [ @entity7 ], and is synonymous with cases of @entity9 . Hyaline membranes in the exsudative phase and marked expansion of the interstitium later are present.

title: [Histopathological classification of XXXX ].

answer: @entity12


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of a novel stannous-containing @entity2 dentifrice in reducing malodor-causing volatile @entity0 compound (VSC) levels versus a standard marketed fluoride (negative control) anti-caries dentifrice using pooled data from independent clinical trials. METHODS: Four randomized and controlled, evaluator-blinded, 3- or 4-period, 2-treatment crossover clinical studies were conducted at four separate centers in Asia and the United States in subjects with a baseline VSC score of > 100 ppb. Following a week-long acclimation period, subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment sequence specifying the order of use of a stannous-containing @entity2 dentifrice and a negative control dentifrice (Crest Cavity Protection). VSC levels were assessed at four time points using a Halimeter during each treatment period: (1) baseline prior to treatment; (2) 3-4 hours after baseline and a single brushing; (3) 24 hours post-baseline and after two total brushings ("overnight"/" @entity1 "); and (4) 27-28 hours post-baseline following three total product uses. Brushing instructions were standardized and required two minutes of timed toothbrushing with the assigned dentifrice. Washout periods of at least 2 days separated the treatment periods. RESULTS: A total of 100 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. The stannous-containing dentifrice showed statistically significantly greater breath benefits via VSC reduction compared to the negative control dentifrice (P < 0.047) at all three time points. The stannous-containing dentifrice provided increasingly greater superior relative breath protection benefits of 7.7% at Hour 3-4 post-baseline, 10.6% after 24 hours ("overnight"/" @entity1 "), and 24.5% at Hour 27-28. Similar malodor reduction benefits in favor of the stannous-containing dentifrice relative to the negative control were observed for each individual study.

title: Breath malodor reduction with use of a stannous-containing XXXX dentifrice: a meta-analysis of four randomized and controlled clinical trials.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: In a retrospective study design, we explored the immediate results of redo-percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty in comparison with initial percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 30 consecutive @entity0 with de-novo @entity3 (group A) and 40 consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 after successful initial percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (group B). Echocardiographic assessment of the mitral valve was performed in all @entity0 by trans-thoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography excluded @entity2 . Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty was performed by the antegrade trans-septal approach using either the standard Inoue technique or the multi-track technique. @entity0 assessment by trans-thoracic echocardiography was repeated 48 hours following the procedure. Procedural success was defined as a 50% or more increase of mitral valve area with a final mitral valve area > or = 1.5 cm2, without major complications. Procedural success was achieved in 28 (93.3%) @entity0 in group A and in 37 (92.5%) @entity0 in group B (p > 0.05). The two groups were similar concerning the final mitral valve area, gain of mitral valve area, mean pressure gradient across the mitral valve and complication rate (p > 0.05 for all). The final mitral valve area correlated negatively with the initial mitral valve score in both group A and B. CONCLUSION: Redo-percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty for @entity1 achieves comparable immediate results to initial percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty.

title: Head-to-head comparison between redo percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty for XXXX and percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty for de novo @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: In a retrospective study design, we explored the immediate results of redo-percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty in comparison with initial percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 30 consecutive @entity0 with de-novo @entity3 (group A) and 40 consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 after successful initial percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (group B). Echocardiographic assessment of the mitral valve was performed in all @entity0 by trans-thoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography excluded @entity2 . Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty was performed by the antegrade trans-septal approach using either the standard Inoue technique or the multi-track technique. @entity0 assessment by trans-thoracic echocardiography was repeated 48 hours following the procedure. Procedural success was defined as a 50% or more increase of mitral valve area with a final mitral valve area > or = 1.5 cm2, without major complications. Procedural success was achieved in 28 (93.3%) @entity0 in group A and in 37 (92.5%) @entity0 in group B (p > 0.05). The two groups were similar concerning the final mitral valve area, gain of mitral valve area, mean pressure gradient across the mitral valve and complication rate (p > 0.05 for all). The final mitral valve area correlated negatively with the initial mitral valve score in both group A and B. CONCLUSION: Redo-percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty for @entity1 achieves comparable immediate results to initial percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty.

title: Head-to-head comparison between redo percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty for @entity1 and percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty for de novo XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study was initiated to evaluate the effects of varying the length and site of origin of small-intestine transplants on rejection and on @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Eighty @entity0 had heterotopic transplants performed with systemic venous drainage of the grafts. The host native bowel was left in situ and no immunosuppressive agents were used. Twenty male Lewis inbred (LEW) @entity0 who received isogenic grafts survived without any evidence of rejection or @entity1 . When intestine from Lewis X Brown Norway hybrid @entity0 (LBN) was transplanted into LEW @entity0 , rejection occurred between day 6 and 9 and the time of onset of rejection was not influenced either by the length of transplanted bowel (10 to 80 cm, n = 6 each) or by whether the graft was from the jejunum or the ileum. However, rates of survival for 100 days from rejection were significantly better if 10 cm (100%) or 20 cm (84%) was transplanted than if the grafts were 40 cm or more in length (56%). The LBN recipients of LEW allografts developed @entity1 on days 7 through 9, and this response was similarly unrelated to the length or segment of bowel transplanted. However, host survival was quite dependent on graft segment length and site of origin. All animals who received 20 cm or less of proximal bowel survived (with @entity1 but no evidence of rejection). While 50% of the animals that received proximal intestinal grafts 40 cm in length survived @entity1 , none who received identical-sized grafts from the distal ileum survived (all were dead by day 20). Our data document that the results of small-intestine transplantation is dependent on the length and site of origin of the grafts.

title: The effects of size and site of origin of intestinal grafts on small-bowel transplantation in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The genomic duplication associated with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) maps in close proximity to the duplication associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity8 is characterized by @entity4 , @entity1 to thrive, reduced body weight, @entity3 , and autistic features. @entity5 is a common autosomal dominant distal symmetric peripheral @entity2 . The key dosage-sensitive genes @entity7 and @entity6 are respectively associated with @entity8 and @entity5 . Recurrent duplications accounting for the majority of subjects with these conditions are mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination between distinct low-copy repeat (LCR) substrates. The LCRs flanking a contiguous genomic interval encompassing both @entity7 and @entity6 do not share extensive homology; thus, duplications encompassing both loci are rare and potentially generated by a different mutational mechanism. We characterized genomic rearrangements that simultaneously duplicate @entity6 and @entity7 , including nine potential complex genomic rearrangements, in 23 subjects by high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization and breakpoint junction sequencing. Insertions and microhomologies were found at the breakpoint junctions, suggesting potential replicative mechanisms for rearrangement formation. At the breakpoint junctions of these nonrecurrent rearrangements, enrichment of repetitive DNA sequences was observed, indicating that they might predispose to genomic instability and rearrangement. Clinical evaluation revealed @entity8 and @entity5 phenotypes with a potential earlier onset of @entity0 . Moreover, additional clinical findings might be observed due to the extra duplicated material included in the rearrangements. Our genomic analysis suggests replicative mechanisms as a predominant mechanism underlying @entity6 - @entity7 contiguous gene duplications and provides further evidence supporting the role of complex genomic architecture in genomic instability.

title: Nonrecurrent 17p11.2p12 Rearrangement Events that Result in Two Concomitant Genomic Disorders: The XXXX - @entity7 Contiguous Gene Duplication Syndrome.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The genomic duplication associated with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) maps in close proximity to the duplication associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity8 is characterized by @entity4 , @entity1 to thrive, reduced body weight, @entity3 , and autistic features. @entity5 is a common autosomal dominant distal symmetric peripheral @entity2 . The key dosage-sensitive genes @entity7 and @entity6 are respectively associated with @entity8 and @entity5 . Recurrent duplications accounting for the majority of subjects with these conditions are mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination between distinct low-copy repeat (LCR) substrates. The LCRs flanking a contiguous genomic interval encompassing both @entity7 and @entity6 do not share extensive homology; thus, duplications encompassing both loci are rare and potentially generated by a different mutational mechanism. We characterized genomic rearrangements that simultaneously duplicate @entity6 and @entity7 , including nine potential complex genomic rearrangements, in 23 subjects by high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization and breakpoint junction sequencing. Insertions and microhomologies were found at the breakpoint junctions, suggesting potential replicative mechanisms for rearrangement formation. At the breakpoint junctions of these nonrecurrent rearrangements, enrichment of repetitive DNA sequences was observed, indicating that they might predispose to genomic instability and rearrangement. Clinical evaluation revealed @entity8 and @entity5 phenotypes with a potential earlier onset of @entity0 . Moreover, additional clinical findings might be observed due to the extra duplicated material included in the rearrangements. Our genomic analysis suggests replicative mechanisms as a predominant mechanism underlying @entity6 - @entity7 contiguous gene duplications and provides further evidence supporting the role of complex genomic architecture in genomic instability.

title: Nonrecurrent 17p11.2p12 Rearrangement Events that Result in Two Concomitant Genomic Disorders: The @entity6 - XXXX Contiguous Gene Duplication Syndrome.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity0 @entity5 have been associated with @entity2 and vascular remodeling. Since the endocannabinoid system modulates @entity2 and tissue remodeling, we investigated its components in @entity0 @entity5 . We obtained anterior aortic wall samples from @entity0 undergoing elective surgery for @entity5 or @entity6 as controls. Histological and molecular analysis (RT-qPCR) was performed, and endocannabinoid concentration was determined using LC-MRM. @entity0 characteristics were comparable between the groups except for a higher incidence of arterial @entity3 and @entity1 in the control group. mRNA level of cannabinoid receptors was significantly higher in @entity4 than in controls. Concentration of the endocannabinoid @entity11 was significantly higher, while the second endocannabinoid @entity10 and its metabolite @entity7 and @entity12 were significantly lower in @entity4 . Histology revealed persistent infiltration of newly recruited leukocytes and significantly higher mononuclear cell density in adventitia of the @entity4 . Proinflammatory environment in @entity4 was shown by significant upregulation of @entity9 and PPARy but associated with downregulation of chemokines. We found comparable collagen-stained area between the groups, significantly decreased mRNA level of @entity13 , osteopontin-1, and @entity8 , and increased @entity14 expression in @entity4 . Our data provides evidence for endocannabinoid system activation in @entity0 @entity5 , associated with persistent low-level @entity2 and vascular remodeling.

title: Activation of Endocannabinoid System Is Associated with Persistent Inflammation in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity0 @entity5 have been associated with @entity2 and vascular remodeling. Since the endocannabinoid system modulates @entity2 and tissue remodeling, we investigated its components in @entity0 @entity5 . We obtained anterior aortic wall samples from @entity0 undergoing elective surgery for @entity5 or @entity6 as controls. Histological and molecular analysis (RT-qPCR) was performed, and endocannabinoid concentration was determined using LC-MRM. @entity0 characteristics were comparable between the groups except for a higher incidence of arterial @entity3 and @entity1 in the control group. mRNA level of cannabinoid receptors was significantly higher in @entity4 than in controls. Concentration of the endocannabinoid @entity11 was significantly higher, while the second endocannabinoid @entity10 and its metabolite @entity7 and @entity12 were significantly lower in @entity4 . Histology revealed persistent infiltration of newly recruited leukocytes and significantly higher mononuclear cell density in adventitia of the @entity4 . Proinflammatory environment in @entity4 was shown by significant upregulation of @entity9 and PPARy but associated with downregulation of chemokines. We found comparable collagen-stained area between the groups, significantly decreased mRNA level of @entity13 , osteopontin-1, and @entity8 , and increased @entity14 expression in @entity4 . Our data provides evidence for endocannabinoid system activation in @entity0 @entity5 , associated with persistent low-level @entity2 and vascular remodeling.

title: Activation of Endocannabinoid System Is Associated with Persistent Inflammation in XXXX @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To investigate the association of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and plantar foot pressure in Asian Indian @entity1 subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The @entity5 and plantar pressure were measured in 345 consecutive subjects attending the foot clinic. The study groups were: Control-non- @entity1 controls (n=50), @entity6 - @entity1 @entity0 without @entity2 (n=100), @entity6 +N- @entity1 neuropaths (n=110) and @entity6 +NU- @entity1 neuropaths with past history of foot @entity3 (n=85). Joint mobility was assessed using a goniometer. Plantar pressure was measured using the RS-Scan platform system. All subjects were able to walk comfortably unaided at their own pace. Data obtained on the metatarsal heads were used for analysis. @entity2 status was assessed using the biothesiometer. RESULTS: The @entity1 @entity0 had higher prevalence of @entity5 and higher plantar pressure than control subjects (P<0.0001). Among the @entity1 @entity0 , those with @entity2 and history of plantar @entity3 had higher @entity5 and plantar pressure compared to non-neuropaths (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity5 and high plantar pressure appear to be important determinants of foot @entity3 in susceptible @entity4 Indian @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Association of XXXX and high plantar pressure in diabetic foot ulceration in Asian Indians.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess arterial distensibility using pulse wave velocity ( @entity4 ) measurements and its relation with endothelium dependent vasodilatation (EDV) in @entity0 with cardiological @entity8 . METHODS: The study group consisted of 92 @entity0 : 52 with @entity8 (34 @entity0 , 18 @entity0 , mean (SD) age 45 (3) years) and 40 healthy volunteer controls (27 @entity0 , 13 @entity0 , mean (SD) age 41 (2) years) without risk factors of @entity7 and with negative ECG exercise test and normal proximal coronaries on transoesophageal echocardiography. @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity2 , or @entity5 were excluded. @entity4 measured by a Complior Colson device was calculated for each @entity0 . EDV was assessed from two dimensional Doppler measurement using an Acuson Sequoia with 8 MHz linear transducer at rest, during postischaemic reactive hyperaemia, and after an oral dose of 400 micro g of @entity9 . RESULTS: @entity4 was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity8 than in healthy subjects (9.3 (0.7) m/s v 8.2 (0.9) m/s, respectively, p < 0.001). Baseline brachial artery diameter was similar in the @entity8 and control groups (4.0 (0.6) mm v 4.08 (0.64) mm, NS). EDV was impaired in @entity0 with @entity8 compared with controls (6.6 (3.0)% v 11.1 (3.9)%, p < 0.001). Endothelium independent vasodilatation was similar in both groups. In @entity0 with @entity8 there was a positive correlation between @entity4 and the degree of EDV (r = 0.864, p < 0.001). The cut off value for @entity4 was 8.5 m/s, with a sensitivity of 62% and a specificity of 91%. CONCLUSIONS: EDV but not @entity9 induced vasodilatation is decreased in @entity0 with @entity8 . There is a strong correlation between @entity4 and the degree of @entity6 of peripheral arteries in @entity0 with @entity8 . @entity4 assessment may be useful to identify abnormal vascular physiology in these @entity0 .

title: Arterial dysfunction in XXXX : results of arterial reactivity and pulse wave propagation tests.

answer: @entity8


abstract: This study examined the relative role of FSH and LH in governing testicular inhibin B secretion in the @entity3 . Adult male monkeys, rendered hypogonadotropic and hypogonadal by administration of a @entity2 receptor antagonist ( @entity5 ), were implanted with @entity1 (T)-filled or empty capsules. Following T-induced restoration of spermatogenesis, both groups received recombinant @entity0 FSH and vehicle for 12 d. Juvenile male monkeys received an 11-d infusion of single-chain recombinant @entity0 LH and recombinant @entity0 FSH, either alone or in combination. In adults, chronic @entity4 resulted in a modest reduction of circulating @entity6 levels, which was more than fully reversed by FSH. In the presence of T, which exerted a marked suppression in inhibin B secretion, FSH restored inhibin B levels only to those observed before @entity5 treatment. In juveniles, treatment with single-chain recombinant @entity0 LH led to a suppression of inhibin B secretion and curtailed the FSH-induced stimulation of this testicular hormone. The T-induced decrease in inhibin B secretion was associated with suppression in @entity7 mRNA levels, but FSH stimulation of inhibin B secretion occurred in the absence of clear changes in expression of this subunit gene. These findings indicate that inhibin B secretion by the monkey testis is governed by the inhibitory and stimulatory action of LH and FSH, respectively. The action of LH is presumably indirect and likely mediated by T inhibition of @entity7 gene expression. The molecular basis of the stimulatory action of FSH on inhibin B secretion requires further study.

title: Inhibitory and stimulatory regulation of testicular inhibin B secretion by luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, respectively, in the XXXX ( @entity3 ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study examined the relative role of FSH and LH in governing testicular inhibin B secretion in the @entity3 . Adult male monkeys, rendered hypogonadotropic and hypogonadal by administration of a @entity2 receptor antagonist ( @entity5 ), were implanted with @entity1 (T)-filled or empty capsules. Following T-induced restoration of spermatogenesis, both groups received recombinant @entity0 FSH and vehicle for 12 d. Juvenile male monkeys received an 11-d infusion of single-chain recombinant @entity0 LH and recombinant @entity0 FSH, either alone or in combination. In adults, chronic @entity4 resulted in a modest reduction of circulating @entity6 levels, which was more than fully reversed by FSH. In the presence of T, which exerted a marked suppression in inhibin B secretion, FSH restored inhibin B levels only to those observed before @entity5 treatment. In juveniles, treatment with single-chain recombinant @entity0 LH led to a suppression of inhibin B secretion and curtailed the FSH-induced stimulation of this testicular hormone. The T-induced decrease in inhibin B secretion was associated with suppression in @entity7 mRNA levels, but FSH stimulation of inhibin B secretion occurred in the absence of clear changes in expression of this subunit gene. These findings indicate that inhibin B secretion by the monkey testis is governed by the inhibitory and stimulatory action of LH and FSH, respectively. The action of LH is presumably indirect and likely mediated by T inhibition of @entity7 gene expression. The molecular basis of the stimulatory action of FSH on inhibin B secretion requires further study.

title: Inhibitory and stimulatory regulation of testicular inhibin B secretion by luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, respectively, in the @entity3 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: All currently available @entity3 (Spn) vaccines have limitations due to their capsular serotype composition. Both the 23-valent Spn polysaccharide vaccine ( @entity6 ) and 7, 10, or 13-valent Spn conjugate vaccines ( @entity5 -7, 10, -13) are serotype-based vaccines and therefore they elicit only serotype-specific immunity. Emergence of replacement Spn strains expressing other serotypes has consistently occurred following introduction of capsular serotype based Spn vaccines. Furthermore, capsular polysaccharide vaccines are less effective in protection against non-bacteremic @entity2 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) than against @entity1 ( @entity1 ). These shortcomings of capsular polysaccharide-based Spn vaccines has created high interest in development of non-serotype specific protein-based vaccines that could be effective in preventing both @entity1 . This review discusses the progress the progress to date on development of Spn protein vaccine candidates that are universally expressed by all Spn strains, are highly conserved, exhibit maximal antigenicity and minimal reactogenicity to replace or complement the current capsule-based vaccines. Key to development of a protein based Spn vaccine is an understanding of Spn pathogenesis. Based on pathogenesis, a protein-based Spn vaccine should include one or more ingredients that reduce NP colonization below a pathogenic inoculum. Elimination of all Spn colonization may not be achievable or even advisable. The level of expression of a target protein antigen during pathogenesis is another key to the success of protein based vaccines.. As with virtually all currently licensed vaccines, production of a serum antibody response in response to protein based vaccines is anticipated to provide protection from Spn infections. A significant advantage that protein vaccine formulations can offer over capsule based vaccination is their potential benefits associated with natural priming and boosting to all strains of Spn. One of the most universal and comprehensive approaches of identifying novel vaccine candidates is the investigation of @entity0 sera from different disease stages of natural infections. Antigens that are robustly reactive in preliminary human serum screening constitute a pathogen-specific antigenome. This strategy has identified a number of Spn protein vaccine candidates that are moving forward in @entity0 clinical trials.

title: Next generation protein based XXXX vaccines.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the agonadal, androgenized ewe @entity1 before birth produces a precocious pubertal rise in circulating LH and abolishes the LH surge mechanism. The present study tested two predictions from this model in the ovary-intact female: 1) prenatal @entity2 exposure produces early ovarian stimulation; and 2) despite early ovarian stimulation, progestogenic cycles would not occur because of the abolition or disruption of the LH surge. Pregnant ewes were injected with @entity5 twice per week from either d 30-90 (T60 group; 100 mg/injection) or d 60-90 (T30 group; 80 mg/injection) of gestation (term, 147 d). Control ewes received no injections. At birth, the androgenized and control @entity3 were divided into two groups: ovary-intact to determine the effects of prenatal @entity2 on the timing of puberty and subsequent ovarian function, and ovariectomized to assess the timing of the pubertal decrease in sensitivity to @entity0 negative feedback and the subsequent increase in LH. Neonatally orchidectomized, @entity0 -treated males were included for comparison of the timing of this pubertal rise in LH secretion. Neuroendocrine puberty (determined on the basis of LH increase) was advanced in the androgenized females to a similar age as in males. Repeated @entity4 cycles of the same duration and number occurred in the ovary-intact ewes, and they began at the same time as for control females, thus negating both predictions. Differences appeared during the second breeding season, when reproductive cycles were either absent (T60) or disrupted (T30 group). Our findings reveal that exposure to @entity6 in utero causes a progressive loss of cyclic function in adulthood.

title: Prenatal programming of reproductive neuroendocrine function: fetal @entity2 exposure produces progressive disruption of reproductive cycles in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the agonadal, androgenized ewe @entity1 before birth produces a precocious pubertal rise in circulating LH and abolishes the LH surge mechanism. The present study tested two predictions from this model in the ovary-intact female: 1) prenatal @entity2 exposure produces early ovarian stimulation; and 2) despite early ovarian stimulation, progestogenic cycles would not occur because of the abolition or disruption of the LH surge. Pregnant ewes were injected with @entity5 twice per week from either d 30-90 (T60 group; 100 mg/injection) or d 60-90 (T30 group; 80 mg/injection) of gestation (term, 147 d). Control ewes received no injections. At birth, the androgenized and control @entity3 were divided into two groups: ovary-intact to determine the effects of prenatal @entity2 on the timing of puberty and subsequent ovarian function, and ovariectomized to assess the timing of the pubertal decrease in sensitivity to @entity0 negative feedback and the subsequent increase in LH. Neonatally orchidectomized, @entity0 -treated males were included for comparison of the timing of this pubertal rise in LH secretion. Neuroendocrine puberty (determined on the basis of LH increase) was advanced in the androgenized females to a similar age as in males. Repeated @entity4 cycles of the same duration and number occurred in the ovary-intact ewes, and they began at the same time as for control females, thus negating both predictions. Differences appeared during the second breeding season, when reproductive cycles were either absent (T60) or disrupted (T30 group). Our findings reveal that exposure to @entity6 in utero causes a progressive loss of cyclic function in adulthood.

title: Prenatal programming of reproductive neuroendocrine function: fetal XXXX exposure produces progressive disruption of reproductive cycles in @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Social psychologists have learned a great deal about the nature of intergroup conflict and the attitudinal and cognitive processes that enable it. Less is known about where these processes come from in the first place. In particular, do our strategies for dealing with other groups emerge in the absence of @entity0 -specific experiences? One profitable way to answer this question has involved administering tests that are conceptual equivalents of those used with adult @entity0 in other species, thereby exploring the continuity or discontinuity of psychological processes. We examined intergroup preferences in a nonhuman species, the @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We found the first evidence that a nonhuman species automatically distinguishes the faces of members of its own social group from those in other groups and displays greater vigilance toward outgroup members (Experiments 1-3). In addition, we observed that macaques spontaneously associate novel objects with specific social groups and display greater vigilance to objects associated with outgroup members (Experiments 4-5). Finally, we developed a looking time procedure-the Looking Time Implicit Association Test, which resembles the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald _ Banaji, 1995)-and we discovered that macaques, like @entity0 , automatically evaluate ingroup members positively and outgroup members negatively (Experiments 6-7). These field studies represent the first controlled experiments to examine the presence of intergroup attitudes in a nonhuman species. As such, these studies suggest that the architecture of the mind that enables the formation of these biases may be rooted in phylogenetically ancient mechanisms.

title: The evolution of intergroup bias: perceptions and attitudes in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The transcription factor NF-kB has been associated with a range of pathological conditions of the heart, mainly based on its function as a master regulator of @entity1 and pro-survival factor. Here, we addressed the question what effects activation of NF-kB can have during @entity0 heart development. We expressed a constitutively active (CA) mutant of @entity4 , the kinase activating canonical NF-kB signaling, specifically in cardiomyocytes under the control of the a-myosin heavy chain promoter. Expression of @entity4 -CA resulted in @entity2 around E13. Embryos showed defects in compact zone formation and the contractile apparatus, and overall were characterized by widespread @entity1 with infiltration of myeloid cells. Gene expression analysis suggested an interferon type I signature, with increased expression of interferon regulatory factors. While apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was only increased at later stages, their proliferation was decreased early on, providing an explanation for the disturbed compact zone formation. Mechanistically, this could be explained by activation of the JAK/STAT axis and increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor @entity3 . A rescue experiment with an IkBa superrepressor demonstrated that the phenotype was dependent on NF-kB. We conclude that activation of NF-kB is detrimental during normal heart development due to excessive activation of pro-inflammatory pathways.

title: Cardiac-Specific Activation of XXXX Leads to Defects in Heart Development and @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The transcription factor NF-kB has been associated with a range of pathological conditions of the heart, mainly based on its function as a master regulator of @entity1 and pro-survival factor. Here, we addressed the question what effects activation of NF-kB can have during @entity0 heart development. We expressed a constitutively active (CA) mutant of @entity4 , the kinase activating canonical NF-kB signaling, specifically in cardiomyocytes under the control of the a-myosin heavy chain promoter. Expression of @entity4 -CA resulted in @entity2 around E13. Embryos showed defects in compact zone formation and the contractile apparatus, and overall were characterized by widespread @entity1 with infiltration of myeloid cells. Gene expression analysis suggested an interferon type I signature, with increased expression of interferon regulatory factors. While apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was only increased at later stages, their proliferation was decreased early on, providing an explanation for the disturbed compact zone formation. Mechanistically, this could be explained by activation of the JAK/STAT axis and increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor @entity3 . A rescue experiment with an IkBa superrepressor demonstrated that the phenotype was dependent on NF-kB. We conclude that activation of NF-kB is detrimental during normal heart development due to excessive activation of pro-inflammatory pathways.

title: Cardiac-Specific Activation of @entity4 Leads to Defects in Heart Development and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the value of the spot protein/ @entity3 ratio as the diagnostic test for @entity4 by correlating it to the 24   h urine protein. For the spot test, this study uses the cut-off value recognised by the International Society for the Study of @entity1 in Pregnancy (ISSHP). Ours was a correlational study made in the setting of the antenatal assessment unit/antenatal ward in a District General Hospital. @entity0 at>24 weeks' gestation with @entity1 and>1+ @entity2 (n=32) were included in the study. A 10   ml sample of urine was collected for the spot protein/ @entity3 ratio (PCR) before the 24   h collection was started. Spot PCR samples were stored at -18  C until the end of the study period. The results of the spot PCR were correlated to 24   h results using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Main outcome measures were correlation coefficient, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Correlation was significant (r(2)=0.82). Sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 92%; positive likelihood ratio, 10.3; negative likelihood ratio, 0.18. The spot PCR correlates well to the 24   h urine protein. The new cut-off values recognised by the ISSHP are producing consistent results. The evidence in favour of the spot PCR needs to be reassessed by larger studies.

title: Is the urine spot protein/ @entity3 ratio a valid diagnostic test for XXXX ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the value of the spot protein/ @entity3 ratio as the diagnostic test for @entity4 by correlating it to the 24   h urine protein. For the spot test, this study uses the cut-off value recognised by the International Society for the Study of @entity1 in Pregnancy (ISSHP). Ours was a correlational study made in the setting of the antenatal assessment unit/antenatal ward in a District General Hospital. @entity0 at>24 weeks' gestation with @entity1 and>1+ @entity2 (n=32) were included in the study. A 10   ml sample of urine was collected for the spot protein/ @entity3 ratio (PCR) before the 24   h collection was started. Spot PCR samples were stored at -18  C until the end of the study period. The results of the spot PCR were correlated to 24   h results using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Main outcome measures were correlation coefficient, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Correlation was significant (r(2)=0.82). Sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 92%; positive likelihood ratio, 10.3; negative likelihood ratio, 0.18. The spot PCR correlates well to the 24   h urine protein. The new cut-off values recognised by the ISSHP are producing consistent results. The evidence in favour of the spot PCR needs to be reassessed by larger studies.

title: Is the urine spot protein/ XXXX ratio a valid diagnostic test for @entity4 ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: An @entity1 ( @entity1 ) cDNA probe and an @entity6 responsive T-cell clone (D10.G4; half-maximal stimulation, 0.1-1 pM) have been used to study the production of @entity6 by primary @entity0 cell populations, particularly macrophages and dendritic cells. Spleen and peritoneal macrophages produced @entity6 mRNA and released biologically active @entity6 when challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Induction of @entity6 was evident over a dose range of 0.01-10 micrograms of LPS per ml, and maximal mRNA levels were maintained from 4 to 20 hr. Several other stimuli did not induce @entity6 in cultured macrophages, including @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity2 , and activated T cells. @entity5 cells could markedly reduce the response of peritoneal macrophages to LPS. When other cell types were compared with macrophages, keratinocytes had high levels of @entity6 mRNA, apparently in response to endogenous LPS. However B and T lymphocytes did not yield detectable @entity6 during proliferative responses to LPS and Con A, respectively, while dendritic cells produced little or no @entity6 when challenged with a battery of stimuli. Therefore, @entity6 may not be required for the potent accessory function of dendritic cells in lymphocyte mitogenesis. The results indicate that macrophages and dendritic cells have different secretory capacities. The macrophage is the principal leukocyte that synthesizes @entity6 , and select stimuli increase and decrease the levels of macrophage @entity6 mRNA.

title: Induction of XXXX interleukin 1: stimuli and responsive primary cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) produced by the Pulsegen device compared with placebo in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Fifty-five @entity0 with @entity2 were randomly assigned to the active @entity1 group (30 @entity0 ) or the placebo group (22 @entity0 ). Each @entity0 in the active group received a Pulsegen device, which produced a pulsating magnetic field of B = 10 microT intensity and a frequency of 10 Hz. @entity0 were asked to wear the Pulsegen device day and night for 2 months. Clinical and urodynamic data were collected before and after @entity1 and analyzed using nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: Compared with the placebo, the number of pads used was significantly lower (P = 0.0031) after @entity1 , as was the pad weight (P = 0.014). In @entity0 from the active group, a significant improvement in the power of the pelvic floor muscle contractions (P = 0.0071), as well as in the duration of the pelvic floor muscle contractions (P = 0.038), was observed. After @entity1 , a 56.3% improvement in @entity2 was reported by @entity0 in the active group, a significantly greater difference (P = 0.00012) compared with the reported 26.3% improvement in symptoms in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that @entity1 represents a new method in the conservative treatment of @entity2 . Magnetic stimulation with the Pulsegen device is efficient and safe. It can be used at home and, because of its small size, wearing the device is not annoying for @entity0 .

title: Conservative treatment of female XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) produced by the Pulsegen device compared with placebo in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Fifty-five @entity0 with @entity2 were randomly assigned to the active @entity1 group (30 @entity0 ) or the placebo group (22 @entity0 ). Each @entity0 in the active group received a Pulsegen device, which produced a pulsating magnetic field of B = 10 microT intensity and a frequency of 10 Hz. @entity0 were asked to wear the Pulsegen device day and night for 2 months. Clinical and urodynamic data were collected before and after @entity1 and analyzed using nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: Compared with the placebo, the number of pads used was significantly lower (P = 0.0031) after @entity1 , as was the pad weight (P = 0.014). In @entity0 from the active group, a significant improvement in the power of the pelvic floor muscle contractions (P = 0.0071), as well as in the duration of the pelvic floor muscle contractions (P = 0.038), was observed. After @entity1 , a 56.3% improvement in @entity2 was reported by @entity0 in the active group, a significantly greater difference (P = 0.00012) compared with the reported 26.3% improvement in symptoms in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that @entity1 represents a new method in the conservative treatment of @entity2 . Magnetic stimulation with the Pulsegen device is efficient and safe. It can be used at home and, because of its small size, wearing the device is not annoying for @entity0 .

title: Conservative treatment of female @entity2 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The expression and cell surface levels of many important receptors are dependent on the maturation stage of dendritic cells (DCs), and related to the unique function of immature and mature DCs. In this report, we show for the first time that @entity0 monocyte-derived DCs express two types of @entity6 -receptors, @entity8 and @entity5 . Furthermore, immature DCs secrete detectable amount of @entity6 into the culture supernatant. Immature DCs express higher cell surface levels of both C1qRs than mature ones, while the total @entity7 protein and mRNA levels remain the same. The following experimental evidence supports this conclusion. (1) Inflammatory cytokines and @entity1 , which induce maturation of DCs, downregulate surface expression of both @entity7 molecules. (2) Cytokines and drugs ( @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity2 ) that keep DCs phenotypically and functionally immature significantly upregulate the cell surface expression of both C1qRs. (3) Neither of these treatments changed the intracellular @entity8 level nor the @entity8 mRNA levels measured by real-time RT-PCR. The elevated surface expression of C1qRs on DCs has been found not to be due to increased apoptosis or cell death as the result of DC treatment. Taken together, these data show that @entity0 monocyte-derived DCs express @entity8 and @entity5 , their expression on the cell surface is maturation dependent and imature DCs secrete @entity6 . These data strongly suggest the role of C1qRs in immature DC function and in the regulation of immune processes.

title: Maturation-dependent expression of XXXX -binding proteins on the cell surface of @entity0 monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The expression and cell surface levels of many important receptors are dependent on the maturation stage of dendritic cells (DCs), and related to the unique function of immature and mature DCs. In this report, we show for the first time that @entity0 monocyte-derived DCs express two types of @entity6 -receptors, @entity8 and @entity5 . Furthermore, immature DCs secrete detectable amount of @entity6 into the culture supernatant. Immature DCs express higher cell surface levels of both C1qRs than mature ones, while the total @entity7 protein and mRNA levels remain the same. The following experimental evidence supports this conclusion. (1) Inflammatory cytokines and @entity1 , which induce maturation of DCs, downregulate surface expression of both @entity7 molecules. (2) Cytokines and drugs ( @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity2 ) that keep DCs phenotypically and functionally immature significantly upregulate the cell surface expression of both C1qRs. (3) Neither of these treatments changed the intracellular @entity8 level nor the @entity8 mRNA levels measured by real-time RT-PCR. The elevated surface expression of C1qRs on DCs has been found not to be due to increased apoptosis or cell death as the result of DC treatment. Taken together, these data show that @entity0 monocyte-derived DCs express @entity8 and @entity5 , their expression on the cell surface is maturation dependent and imature DCs secrete @entity6 . These data strongly suggest the role of C1qRs in immature DC function and in the regulation of immune processes.

title: Maturation-dependent expression of @entity6 -binding proteins on the cell surface of XXXX monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Eighteen CT examinations of the wrist were performed in 13 @entity0 to evaluate the results of treatment for @entity2 . In four cases with metal objects and in seven with cast materials, there was no difficulty achieving adequate CT studies. In 13 cases CT was found to be helpful in determining bony union in the presence of advanced @entity1 . In six cases CT was excellent in evaluating bone-graft incorporation. CT affords improved detection of @entity2 perpendicular to the plane of the scan and also shows small areas of bone disruption, even with @entity1 . Axial CT images can evaluate Lister's tubercle, a bony prominence on the dorsum of the distal radius, for @entity4 , which can occur secondary to traumatic and degenerative changes. A hypertrophied tubercle can impinge on the extensor pollicis longus tendon and cause @entity3 and disruption. The high cost of CT is offset by the possibility of reducing the @entity0 's period of immobilization and, thereby, the length of time the @entity0 is unable to participate in normal activities. In addition, since CT is often definitive, the number of supplemental or follow-up radiologic procedures or clinical appointments should be reduced. We conclude that CT is useful in evaluating the results of treatment of @entity5 .

title: CT for determining the results of treatment of XXXX of the wrist.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with associated serum IgM antibodies are often difficult to treat. Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody directed against the B cell surface membrane marker @entity3 . Rituximab eliminates B cells from the circulation, and, over time, could reduce cells producing autoantibodies. This study tested the ability of rituximab to produce changes in serum antibody titres, and improvement in strength, in @entity0 with @entity4 and IgM autoantibodies. METHODS: Over a period of two years, the authors evaluated changes in strength, measured by quantitative dynamometry, and concentrations of several types of serum antibodies in @entity0 with @entity1 and serum IgM autoantibodies. Twenty one @entity0 treated with rituximab were compared with 13 untreated controls. RESULTS: Treatment with rituximab was followed by improved strength (an increase of mean (SEM) 23% (2%)of normal levels of strength), a reduction in serum IgM autoantibodies (to 43% (4%) of initial values), and a reduction in total levels of IgM (to 55% (4%) of initial values). There was no change in levels of serum IgG antibodies. There were no major side effects, even though B cells were virtually eliminated from the circulation for periods up to two years. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with IgM autoantibody associated @entity2 , rituximab treatment is followed by reduced serum concentrations of IgM, but not IgG, antibodies, and by improvement in strength. Additional studies, with placebo controls and blinded outcome measures, are warranted to further test the efficacy of rituximab treatment of IgM associated @entity1 .

title: Treatment of IgM antibody associated XXXX using rituximab.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate acute and chronic therapeutic effects of the positive inotropic vasodilating agent @entity9 . 50 @entity0 with @entity1 or @entity3 and @entity5 participated in the study. Swan-Ganz catheterisation was used in 15 @entity0 ; following injection of 1.5 mg/kg @entity9 , the mean pulmonary pressure decreased by 26%, the wedge pressure by 27%. Cardiac index rose by 18% (p less than 0.01). 35 @entity0 were examined in the oral study, the avg. dose being 300 mg/day. After 2 and 12 weeks of therapy, exercise tolerance increased by 22% and 13% respectively (p less than 0.05). Cardiac output after maximal workload as determined by equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography increased by 27% and 30% respectively (p less than 0.05). 34 side effects occurred in 23 of 35 @entity0 : @entity2 , orthostasis, @entity7 , @entity4 , hepatotoxicity, @entity6 , @entity8 and brown coloring of finger-nails. From the hemodynamic point of view @entity9 is intravenously and orally effective. Careful selection of @entity0 and frequent examinations are however necessary.

title: [ XXXX in acute and long-term therapy].

answer: @entity9


abstract: Oxidative stress plays a major pathogenetic role in @entity1 . The @entity11 variant of the @entity8 gene encoding the p22phox subunit of the @entity7 oxidase, a major source of @entity3 production, has been shown to be associated with @entity4 and with vascular @entity3 production in @entity0 veins ex vivo. Since @entity3 degrades @entity5 (NO), we hypothesized that the @entity11 variant influences endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the @entity0 forearm vasculature in vivo. In the present study, 90 subjects with elevated @entity2 levels were stratified for the @entity11 polymorphism of the @entity8 p22phox gene. Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation were assessed by plethysmographic monitoring of forearm blood flow responses to intra-arterial infusion of @entity6 and @entity9 respectively. @entity10 ( @entity10 ) was infused to analyse NO-mediated basal vascular tone. Baseline parameters (age, gender, blood pressure, body mass index, @entity2 level) were similar across the genotypes. No differences in forearm blood flow responses to the intra-arterial infusion of @entity6 , @entity9 or @entity10 were found across the @entity8 p22phox genotypes. Our sample size of n =90 had a power of >80% (beta=0.20) with a P value of <0.05 (alpha=0.05) to detect a difference greater than 156% in the forearm blood flow response to @entity6 across genotypes (S.D. 336%; average increase in forearm blood flow=514%). In conclusion, at a power of 80%, our study excludes a major effect of the @entity11 @entity8 p22phox polymorphism on @entity6 -mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation and basal NO-mediated vascular tone of the @entity0 forearm circulation in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia.

title: The XXXX p22phox polymorphism and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia.

answer: @entity11


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the consumption of the main groups and sub-groups of vegetables and fruits (V_F) in @entity0 and @entity0 from the centres participating in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity1 and Nutrition (EPIC). DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. Dietary intake was assessed by means of a 24-hour dietary recall using computerised interview software and standardised procedures. Crude and adjusted means were computed for the main groups and sub-groups of V_F by centre, separately for @entity0 and @entity0 . Adjusted means by season, day of the week and age were estimated using weights and covariance analysis. SETTING: Twenty-seven centres in 10 European countries participating in the EPIC project. SUBJECTS: In total, 35 955 subjects (13 031 @entity0 and 22 924 @entity0 ), aged 35-74 years, randomly selected from each EPIC cohort. RESULTS: The centres from southern countries had the highest consumption of V_F, while the lowest intake was seen in The Netherlands and Scandinavia for both genders. These differences were more evident for fruits, particularly citrus. However, slightly different patterns arose for some sub-groups of vegetables, such as root vegetables and cabbage. Adjustment for body mass index, physical activity, smoking habits and education did not substantially modify the mean intakes of vegetables and fruits. CONCLUSIONS: Total vegetable and fruit intake follows a south-north gradient in both genders, whereas for several sub-groups of vegetables a different geographic distribution exists. Differences in mean intake of V_F by centre were not explained by lifestyle factors associated with V_F intake.

title: Consumption of vegetables, fruit and other plant foods in the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition (EPIC) cohorts from 10 European countries.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A family is described with familial @entity10 associated with @entity9 . The disorder follows a maternal inheritance pattern consistent with a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation. The large kindred permitted exclusion of autosomal dominant, recessive, and X-linked patterns of transmission. Several characteristics of the inheritance and variability of expression within the pedigree are consistent with recently acquired knowledge about the genetics of @entity0 mtDNA. The clinical spectrum of disease is compatible with a proportionality model of mutant and wild-type mtDNAs. Muscle biopsies of affected @entity0 showed an increased number of abnormal muscle mitochondria. Serum levels of @entity8 or @entity8 and @entity5 were elevated. The most severely affected @entity0 had constant @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity11 . @entity1 in @entity0 with mild involvement was marked by prominent photic driving seen on electroencephalograms and high-amplitude visual and somatosensory evoked responses but no @entity6 , @entity7 , or @entity2 . The individual clinical features of the disease worsen over time for all @entity0 ; however, mildly affected @entity0 have not become moderately affected and moderately affected @entity0 have not become severely affected.

title: @entity9 and XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: A family is described with familial @entity10 associated with @entity9 . The disorder follows a maternal inheritance pattern consistent with a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation. The large kindred permitted exclusion of autosomal dominant, recessive, and X-linked patterns of transmission. Several characteristics of the inheritance and variability of expression within the pedigree are consistent with recently acquired knowledge about the genetics of @entity0 mtDNA. The clinical spectrum of disease is compatible with a proportionality model of mutant and wild-type mtDNAs. Muscle biopsies of affected @entity0 showed an increased number of abnormal muscle mitochondria. Serum levels of @entity8 or @entity8 and @entity5 were elevated. The most severely affected @entity0 had constant @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity11 . @entity1 in @entity0 with mild involvement was marked by prominent photic driving seen on electroencephalograms and high-amplitude visual and somatosensory evoked responses but no @entity6 , @entity7 , or @entity2 . The individual clinical features of the disease worsen over time for all @entity0 ; however, mildly affected @entity0 have not become moderately affected and moderately affected @entity0 have not become severely affected.

title: XXXX and @entity10 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review @entity0 records operated with the diagnosis of @entity6 and to discuss their clinical presentations, diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Ankara Numune Teaching and Research Hospital, @entity2 . SUBJECTS: Eight cases were operated in the Department of 6th Surgery, Ankara Numune Teaching and Research Hospital between 1994 and 2000. All @entity0 had @entity4 . Six @entity0 had blood @entity3 levels of lower than 50 mg/dL during the admission. The other two @entity0 had hypoglycaemia in the prolonged fasting test. Serum insulin/ @entity3 ratio was diagnostic in all @entity0 except one. Abdominal ultrasonography and computerised tomography could successfully localise the @entity1 in one case. In six @entity0 @entity1 could be localised by endoscopic pancreatic ultrasonography. In one @entity0 none of the studies could localise the @entity1 . Three @entity1 were located at the pancreatic head, one in the neck, two at the body and two at the tail. All @entity1 except one were palpable. Enucleation was the procedure of choice in four cases and distal pancreatectomy was the procedure of choice in four. RESULTS: Post-operative course was uneventful in seven @entity0 . One @entity0 died due to @entity5 . Hypoglycaemia was controlled in all @entity0 after the surgery. CONCLUSION: Surgery is the mainstay of treatment of @entity6 . Enucleation should be the procedure of choice if possible. Endoscopic pancreatic ultrasonography has promising results and may replace invasive angiographic studies in the future.

title: Review of eight cases of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: There is little information about the role of complement in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We studied the levels of both normal complement components and activation products in peripheral blood of @entity0 with mild to intermediate disease. 35 @entity0 had not received systemic or topical steroid therapy 6 weeks prior to blood collection. C3, C4 and C1 INA were determined in serum by radioimmunodiffusion. @entity4 and @entity3 levels were measured in @entity2 plasma by radioimmunoassay. Compared to healthy non-atopic controls C3, C4 and C1 INA were found to be increased significantly. There was a tendency towards increased @entity4 levels but the difference was not significant. No measurable amounts of @entity3 were detected. Elevations of @entity4 were correlated with elevated levels of C3. The results suggest that the complement system participates in the inflammatory process in @entity1 .

title: Involvement of complement in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) possibly induced by @entity8 . CASE SUMMARY: An 11-week-old @entity0 was referred to our hospital for tetrology of fallot surgical repair, performed on admission day 2. On day 3, the @entity0 developed third-degree @entity3 , necessitating pacemaker connection and oral @entity7 3 mg/kg 3 times daily. @entity8 1 mg orally twice daily, intravenous @entity5 7 mg every 12 hours, and oral @entity4 7 mg twice daily were started. On day 5, the @entity0 developed scaling @entity2 . On day 7, his temperature spiked to 37.8 degrees C, and pus discharge from the pacing wire site was noticed. Intravenous @entity6 80 mg 3 times daily and intravenous @entity10 200 mg 3 times daily were initiated. On the same day, @entity8 was discontinued because we suspected that it had induced the skin reaction. On day 15, the @entity0 's skin problem progressed. The dermatologist diagnosed partial @entity1 . On that day, @entity7 and @entity5 were also discontinued. On day 16, the @entity0 still had some blisters, but the skin started to show signs of healing, until complete healing occurred on day 22. The @entity0 was discharged on oral medications: @entity5 7 mg twice daily, @entity4 7 mg twice daily, and @entity9 0.1 mg twice daily. Three weeks later, he was followed up. No recurrences were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests @entity8 induces @entity1 when combined with other @entity11 medications. An objective causality assessment revealed that the adverse drug event was possible. Although it is a rare complication, healthcare providers should be familiar with its potential to occur and take appropriate treatment and prevention measures.

title: Possible @entity8 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) possibly induced by @entity8 . CASE SUMMARY: An 11-week-old @entity0 was referred to our hospital for tetrology of fallot surgical repair, performed on admission day 2. On day 3, the @entity0 developed third-degree @entity3 , necessitating pacemaker connection and oral @entity7 3 mg/kg 3 times daily. @entity8 1 mg orally twice daily, intravenous @entity5 7 mg every 12 hours, and oral @entity4 7 mg twice daily were started. On day 5, the @entity0 developed scaling @entity2 . On day 7, his temperature spiked to 37.8 degrees C, and pus discharge from the pacing wire site was noticed. Intravenous @entity6 80 mg 3 times daily and intravenous @entity10 200 mg 3 times daily were initiated. On the same day, @entity8 was discontinued because we suspected that it had induced the skin reaction. On day 15, the @entity0 's skin problem progressed. The dermatologist diagnosed partial @entity1 . On that day, @entity7 and @entity5 were also discontinued. On day 16, the @entity0 still had some blisters, but the skin started to show signs of healing, until complete healing occurred on day 22. The @entity0 was discharged on oral medications: @entity5 7 mg twice daily, @entity4 7 mg twice daily, and @entity9 0.1 mg twice daily. Three weeks later, he was followed up. No recurrences were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests @entity8 induces @entity1 when combined with other @entity11 medications. An objective causality assessment revealed that the adverse drug event was possible. Although it is a rare complication, healthcare providers should be familiar with its potential to occur and take appropriate treatment and prevention measures.

title: Possible XXXX -induced @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: One hundred forty-nine cases of @entity2 were studied with a panel of monoclonal antibodies, including antibodies to natural killer (NK) cells--anti-NKH1, anti- @entity3 , and anti-Leu 11b. There were 95 B-cell, 51 T-cell, and three null cell @entity0 . @entity1 (33 per cent) expressed NKH1, @entity3 , and/or Leu 11b. None of the B- or null cell @entity0 expressed the NK markers. In comparison with the NK-negative @entity1 , the NK-positive cases showed a predilection for the nasal and paranasal region. There was a more significant loss of the T-cell markers T3 (peripheral T cell) and T4 (T-helper cell) in NK-positive @entity0 . The difference was due to a high proportion of nasal/ @entity0 , which were associated with a frequent loss of T-cell markers, among the NK-positive cases. However, a similar degree of loss of T-cell markers was observed among NK-positive and NK-negative nasal/ @entity0 . We conclude that expression of NK markers occurs exclusively in a proportion of @entity1 , but not B-cell or null cell @entity0 . The reason this occurs predominantly in nasal and @entity0 is unknown.

title: Expression of natural killer cell markers in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The European Prospective Investigation into @entity1 and Nutrition (EPIC), which covers a large cohort of half a million @entity0 and @entity0 from 23 European centres in 10 Western European countries, was designed to study the relationship between diet and the risk of @entity2 , particularly @entity1 . Information on usual individual dietary intake was assessed using different validated dietary assessment methods across participating countries. In order to adjust for possible systematic over- or underestimation in dietary intake measurements and correct for attenuation bias in relative risk estimates, a calibration approach was developed. This approach involved an additional dietary assessment common across study populations to re-express individual dietary intakes according to the same reference scale. A single 24-hour diet recall was therefore collected, as the EPIC reference calibration method, from a stratified random sample of 36 900 subjects from the entire EPIC cohort, using a software program (EPIC-SOFT) specifically designed to standardise the dietary measurements across study populations. This paper describes the design and populations of the calibration sub-studies set up in the EPIC centres. In addition, to assess whether the calibration sub-samples were representative of the entire group of EPIC cohorts, a series of subjects' characteristics known possibly to influence dietary intakes was compared in both population groups. This was the first time that calibration sub-studies had been set up in a large multi-centre European study. These studies showed that, despite certain inherent methodological and logistic constraints, a study design such as this one works relatively well in practice. The average response in the calibration study was 78.3% and ranged from 46.5% to 92.5%. The calibration population differed slightly from the overall cohort but the differences were small for most characteristics and centres. The overall results suggest that, after adjustment for age, dietary intakes estimated from calibration samples can reasonably be interpreted as representative of the main cohorts in most of the EPIC centres.

title: European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study: rationale, design and population characteristics.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Defining @entity4 ( @entity4 ) for varying levels of @entity2 intensity is important for assessing changes in @entity0 's functional status, and guiding the development and evaluation of treatment options. We aimed to summarize @entity4 identified in the literature for mild, moderate, and severe @entity2 on the numeric rating scale (NRS), and recommend optimal @entity4 for @entity1 and @entity1 @entity0 . We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (inception to May 2015) for studies that used @entity4 to classify @entity2 intensity on the NRS among @entity0 with @entity1 or @entity1 conditions leading to acute or @entity3 . A CP was defined as the upper bound of a mild or moderate @entity2 category. Of 1,556 identified articles, 27 were included for review. Among @entity0 with @entity1 , mild-moderate @entity2 @entity4 ranged from 1 to 4 (mean, 3.5  1.08), with CP4 being the most recommended CP (80%). For moderate-severe @entity2 , @entity4 ranged from 4 to 7 (mean, 6.2  0.92), and CP6 (50%) was the optimal @entity4 . Among @entity0 with @entity1 , mild-moderate @entity2 @entity4 ranged from 2 to 5 (mean, 3.62  0.78), and CP4 was the most frequently used CP (52.9%). For moderate-severe @entity1 , @entity4 ranged from 4 to 8 (mean, 6.5  0.99), and CP6 (41.2%) was the most frequently recommended CP. A wide range of @entity4 for mild, moderate, and severe @entity2 categories were identified in the literature among both @entity1 and @entity1 @entity0 populations. Further studies are needed to delineate more accurate and precise @entity4 for @entity2 intensity.

title: Cut points for mild, moderate, and severe XXXX among @entity1 and @entity1 @entity0 : a literature review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Defining @entity4 ( @entity4 ) for varying levels of @entity2 intensity is important for assessing changes in @entity0 's functional status, and guiding the development and evaluation of treatment options. We aimed to summarize @entity4 identified in the literature for mild, moderate, and severe @entity2 on the numeric rating scale (NRS), and recommend optimal @entity4 for @entity1 and @entity1 @entity0 . We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (inception to May 2015) for studies that used @entity4 to classify @entity2 intensity on the NRS among @entity0 with @entity1 or @entity1 conditions leading to acute or @entity3 . A CP was defined as the upper bound of a mild or moderate @entity2 category. Of 1,556 identified articles, 27 were included for review. Among @entity0 with @entity1 , mild-moderate @entity2 @entity4 ranged from 1 to 4 (mean, 3.5  1.08), with CP4 being the most recommended CP (80%). For moderate-severe @entity2 , @entity4 ranged from 4 to 7 (mean, 6.2  0.92), and CP6 (50%) was the optimal @entity4 . Among @entity0 with @entity1 , mild-moderate @entity2 @entity4 ranged from 2 to 5 (mean, 3.62  0.78), and CP4 was the most frequently used CP (52.9%). For moderate-severe @entity1 , @entity4 ranged from 4 to 8 (mean, 6.5  0.99), and CP6 (41.2%) was the most frequently recommended CP. A wide range of @entity4 for mild, moderate, and severe @entity2 categories were identified in the literature among both @entity1 and @entity1 @entity0 populations. Further studies are needed to delineate more accurate and precise @entity4 for @entity2 intensity.

title: Cut points for mild, moderate, and severe @entity2 among XXXX and @entity1 @entity0 : a literature review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Defining @entity4 ( @entity4 ) for varying levels of @entity2 intensity is important for assessing changes in @entity0 's functional status, and guiding the development and evaluation of treatment options. We aimed to summarize @entity4 identified in the literature for mild, moderate, and severe @entity2 on the numeric rating scale (NRS), and recommend optimal @entity4 for @entity1 and @entity1 @entity0 . We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (inception to May 2015) for studies that used @entity4 to classify @entity2 intensity on the NRS among @entity0 with @entity1 or @entity1 conditions leading to acute or @entity3 . A CP was defined as the upper bound of a mild or moderate @entity2 category. Of 1,556 identified articles, 27 were included for review. Among @entity0 with @entity1 , mild-moderate @entity2 @entity4 ranged from 1 to 4 (mean, 3.5  1.08), with CP4 being the most recommended CP (80%). For moderate-severe @entity2 , @entity4 ranged from 4 to 7 (mean, 6.2  0.92), and CP6 (50%) was the optimal @entity4 . Among @entity0 with @entity1 , mild-moderate @entity2 @entity4 ranged from 2 to 5 (mean, 3.62  0.78), and CP4 was the most frequently used CP (52.9%). For moderate-severe @entity1 , @entity4 ranged from 4 to 8 (mean, 6.5  0.99), and CP6 (41.2%) was the most frequently recommended CP. A wide range of @entity4 for mild, moderate, and severe @entity2 categories were identified in the literature among both @entity1 and @entity1 @entity0 populations. Further studies are needed to delineate more accurate and precise @entity4 for @entity2 intensity.

title: Cut points for mild, moderate, and severe @entity2 among @entity1 and XXXX @entity0 : a literature review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Defining @entity4 ( @entity4 ) for varying levels of @entity2 intensity is important for assessing changes in @entity0 's functional status, and guiding the development and evaluation of treatment options. We aimed to summarize @entity4 identified in the literature for mild, moderate, and severe @entity2 on the numeric rating scale (NRS), and recommend optimal @entity4 for @entity1 and @entity1 @entity0 . We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (inception to May 2015) for studies that used @entity4 to classify @entity2 intensity on the NRS among @entity0 with @entity1 or @entity1 conditions leading to acute or @entity3 . A CP was defined as the upper bound of a mild or moderate @entity2 category. Of 1,556 identified articles, 27 were included for review. Among @entity0 with @entity1 , mild-moderate @entity2 @entity4 ranged from 1 to 4 (mean, 3.5  1.08), with CP4 being the most recommended CP (80%). For moderate-severe @entity2 , @entity4 ranged from 4 to 7 (mean, 6.2  0.92), and CP6 (50%) was the optimal @entity4 . Among @entity0 with @entity1 , mild-moderate @entity2 @entity4 ranged from 2 to 5 (mean, 3.62  0.78), and CP4 was the most frequently used CP (52.9%). For moderate-severe @entity1 , @entity4 ranged from 4 to 8 (mean, 6.5  0.99), and CP6 (41.2%) was the most frequently recommended CP. A wide range of @entity4 for mild, moderate, and severe @entity2 categories were identified in the literature among both @entity1 and @entity1 @entity0 populations. Further studies are needed to delineate more accurate and precise @entity4 for @entity2 intensity.

title: Cut points for mild, moderate, and severe @entity2 among @entity1 and @entity1 XXXX : a literature review.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity0 and @entity2 , neonatal administration of @entity3 or @entity7 inhibited development of uterine glands. The aims of the present study were (1) to describe uterine gland development on postnatal Days 6 to 8 and (2) to evaluate the effects of a single postnatal administration of a progestin on reproduction and adult uterine glands morphology and function in @entity1 . Necropsy was performed on three 1-week-old female @entity1 which had died unrelated to this study. Ten female kittens were randomly assigned within the first 24  hours of birth to: @entity8 10  mg/animal subcutaneously ( @entity6 ; n  =  6) or placebo (PLC; n  =  4) and followed up until puberty when they were mated. Twenty-four days after the end of estrus, ovulation and pregnancy were diagnosed by serum @entity3 measurement and ultrasonography, respectively. Then, all the @entity1 were ovariohysterectomized. After necropsy or surgery, the excised organs were histologically evaluated. Seven queens ovulated (4 of 6 @entity6 and 3 of 4 PLC; P  >  0.1) and were pregnant (P  >  0.1). Four @entity6 @entity1 presented @entity5 and one of them developed a pyometra. The 1-week-old females presented uterine glands in the stage of budding and incipient penetration of the glandular epithelium into the underlying stroma. The @entity6 -treated queens revealed that the area occupied by uterine glands per square-micrometer (0.55      0.2 vs. 0.49      0.2; P  >  0.1) and the height of the glandular epithelium ( m; 24.5      6.7 vs. 24.4      7.2; P  >  0.1) did not differ from those of the PLC group. Neither significant gross nor microscopical differences were also found for ovaries (P  >  0.1). It is concluded that 1-week-old kittens had an incipient stage of uterine gland development and that a single postnatal supraphysiological dose of @entity6 did not alter uterine adenogenesis in this species. Furthermore, this treatment seemed to predispose to @entity4 without prevention of fertility.

title: Failure of a single dose of @entity8 to induce uterine infertility in postnatally treated XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity0 and @entity2 , neonatal administration of @entity3 or @entity7 inhibited development of uterine glands. The aims of the present study were (1) to describe uterine gland development on postnatal Days 6 to 8 and (2) to evaluate the effects of a single postnatal administration of a progestin on reproduction and adult uterine glands morphology and function in @entity1 . Necropsy was performed on three 1-week-old female @entity1 which had died unrelated to this study. Ten female kittens were randomly assigned within the first 24  hours of birth to: @entity8 10  mg/animal subcutaneously ( @entity6 ; n  =  6) or placebo (PLC; n  =  4) and followed up until puberty when they were mated. Twenty-four days after the end of estrus, ovulation and pregnancy were diagnosed by serum @entity3 measurement and ultrasonography, respectively. Then, all the @entity1 were ovariohysterectomized. After necropsy or surgery, the excised organs were histologically evaluated. Seven queens ovulated (4 of 6 @entity6 and 3 of 4 PLC; P  >  0.1) and were pregnant (P  >  0.1). Four @entity6 @entity1 presented @entity5 and one of them developed a pyometra. The 1-week-old females presented uterine glands in the stage of budding and incipient penetration of the glandular epithelium into the underlying stroma. The @entity6 -treated queens revealed that the area occupied by uterine glands per square-micrometer (0.55      0.2 vs. 0.49      0.2; P  >  0.1) and the height of the glandular epithelium ( m; 24.5      6.7 vs. 24.4      7.2; P  >  0.1) did not differ from those of the PLC group. Neither significant gross nor microscopical differences were also found for ovaries (P  >  0.1). It is concluded that 1-week-old kittens had an incipient stage of uterine gland development and that a single postnatal supraphysiological dose of @entity6 did not alter uterine adenogenesis in this species. Furthermore, this treatment seemed to predispose to @entity4 without prevention of fertility.

title: Failure of a single dose of XXXX to induce uterine infertility in postnatally treated @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the treatment of @entity6 with the Low-profile Visualized Intraluminal Support Device (LVIS Jr) stent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The databases of three institutions were retrospectively reviewed. @entity0 who underwent endovascular treatment of @entity6 using a reconstructive technique where the LVIS Jr stent was totally or partially deployed into the PICA were included in the analysis. Clinical presentation, @entity2 and PICA sizes, procedural complications, and clinical and angiographic follow-up information was recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Seven @entity0 who underwent endovascular treatment of @entity6 with an LVIS Jr stent were identified. Four @entity2 were treated in the acute phase of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). There were no symptomatic complications. One @entity0 had @entity5 distal to the stent as a result of mechanical straightening of the vessel. One @entity0 was treated in the acute phase of @entity3 and required a gycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor after the stent was implanted. This @entity0 needed to be re-treated to complete embolization. All @entity0 had good clinical outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale 5). No in-stent @entity4 or @entity1 was seen on short-term angiographic follow-up and the @entity2 were occluded. CONCLUSIONS: This small series suggests that the use of a reconstructive technique with the LVIS Jr stent for the treatment of @entity6 is feasible, safe and effective in the short term.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX with a Low-profile Visualized Intraluminal Support (LVIS Jr) device.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Movement of transposons causes insertions, deletions and chromosomal rearrangements potentially leading to pre-mature lethality in @entity0 . To repress these elements and combat genomic instability, eukaryotes have evolved several small RNA mediated defense mechanisms. Specifically, in @entity0 somatic cells, endogenous small interfering (esi)RNAs suppress retrotransposon mobility. EsiRNAs are produced by @entity2 processing of double-stranded RNA precursors, yet the origins of these precursors are unknown. We show that most transposon families are transcribed in both the sense and antisense direction in Dmel-2 cells. LTR retrotransposons Dm297, mdg1 and blood, and non-LTR retrotransposons juan and jockey transcripts are generated from intra element transcription start sites with canonical RNA polymerase II promoters. We also determined that retrotransposon antisense transcripts are less polyadenylated than sense transcripts, which may promote nuclear retention of antisense transcripts and the double-stranded RNAs they form. RNA-seq and small RNA-seq revealed that @entity2 RNAi-depletion causes a decrease in the number of esiRNAs mapping to retrotransposons and an increase in expression of both S and @entity1 retrotransposon transcripts. These data support a model in which double-stranded RNA precursors are derived from convergent transcription and processed by @entity2 into esiRNAs that silence both sense and antisense retrotransposon transcripts. Reduction of sense retrotransposon transcripts potentially lowers element specific protein levels to prevent transposition. This mechanism preserves genomic integrity and is especially important for @entity0 fitness because mobile genetic elements are highly active.

title: Antisense Transcription of Retrotransposons in XXXX : The Origin of Endogenous Small Interfering RNA Precursors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple different organs, including the @entity5 (CNS). Conventional radiological examinations in @entity6 @entity0 include volumetric/ anatomical computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US). The utility of these modalities is limited, however, due to the @entity3 . Furthermore, CT and MRI contrast agents are contraindicated in @entity0 with @entity1 . Various radiologic methods are currently being developed to improve disease characterization in @entity0 with @entity6 beyond simple anatomical endpoints. Physiological non-contrast MRI protocols have been developed to assess tissue oxygenation, glomerular filtration, renal perfusion, interstitial diffusion, and @entity2 -driven @entity4 in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity0 . For neurological symptoms, vessel size imaging (VSI, an MRI approach utilizing T2-relaxing @entity7 nanoparticles) has shown promise as a diagnostic tool. Molecular imaging probes (mostly for MRI and nuclear medicine imaging) have also been developed for diagnosing @entity6 with high sensitivity, and for monitoring disease activity. This paper reviews the challenges in evaluating disease activity in @entity0 with @entity8 and @entity9 ( @entity9 ). We describe novel MRI and positron-emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging protocols using targeted @entity7 nanoparticles and radioactive ligands, respectively, for detection of @entity6 -associated @entity2 .

title: Non-invasive imaging to monitor @entity8 and XXXX .

answer: @entity9