abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a well-recognized independent risk factor for @entity1 in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . Since @entity3 ( @entity6 ) largely binds to serum proteins (80 to 90%), in this study we investigated the possibility that @entity5 ( @entity5 )-based protein-leaking dialyzers could reduce total plasma @entity6 (tHcy) levels in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: Two matched groups of @entity0 (N = 13) showing mild to intermediate @entity4 on standard hemodialysis (HD) with conventional non-protein-leaking dialyzers were included. In the control group membranes were maintained the same, while the study group was switched to protein-leaking dialyzers (BK-F series; Toray, Japan) and studied for 6 months. tHcy was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 months. Proteins and @entity6 were also measured in the spent dialysate. RESULTS: The pre-HD levels of tHcy in the control group remained close to baseline values (26.6 +/- 5.0 micromol/L), while in the study group at 1, 3, and 6 months they decreased from a baseline value (in micrormol/L) of 25.3 +/- 5.9 to 21.5 +/- 4.5, 16.9 +/- 4.0, and 17.2 +/- 4.2, respectively (P < 0.01 for values at 3 and 6 months vs. baseline). The intra-HD drop of tHcy (Delta HDHcy) slightly but progressively decreased during the 3 steps on protein-leaking dialyzers and a positive correlation was found between Delta HDHcy and pre-HD levels of tHcy. In spent dialysate samples from protein-leaking dialyzer-treated @entity0 , the amount of protein-bound @entity6 (bHcy) was approximately 10 times higher than in non-protein-leaking dialyzers, but the Delta HDHcy observed in non-protein-leaking dialyzers and protein-leaking dialyzers was comparable. Serum proteins and albumin were only slightly affected by protein-leaking dialyzers. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that protein-leaking dialyzers used with a pure diffusive technique significantly lower pre-HD tHcy (approximately 33% of starting levels after 3 months of treatment) in @entity2 @entity0 . A possible underlying mechanism for this effect could be the removal of large molecular weight solutes responsible for a defective metabolism of the @entity6 , as the removal of bHcy with protein-leaking dialyzers seems not sufficient, per se, to explain this steady reduction of tHcy levels in pre-HD.

title: The effect of @entity5 -based protein-leaking dialyzers on plasma XXXX levels.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Inflammatory cells are generally assumed to be the primary source of most growth factors/cytokines that participate in wound healing. Correspondingly, most attempts to enhance wound healing have been directed at the wound itself. However, certain key factors such as @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and related proteins are present in blood in sufficient quantities to suggest significant contributions from outside the wound. Because little is known of the dynamics of IGF family members in wounds, particularly in @entity0 wounds, we serially measured the mRNAs and proteins of the IGF family in fluid and tissues taken from acute as well as chronically inflamed @entity0 wounds and compared them to their corresponding concentrations in blood. We also measured @entity7 , @entity1 , @entity5 , matrix metalloproteinases and selected isomers/receptors, all of which are associated with @entity2 . All IGF proteins reached their highest concentrations immediately after injury. No difference between @entity4 mRNA expression between acute and inflamed wounds was found. As a group, IGF-related proteins, in contrast to @entity6 , @entity1 , and @entity5 , are highly correlated to and are generally below their concentrations in blood and are not elevated by @entity2 . The IGF family therefore appears to enter wounds, even inflamed wounds, mainly from blood. If blood @entity4 is low, wound levels are lower. This data suggests that @entity3 due to @entity4 deficiency can be readily detected and is, at least in part, easily and safely correctable.

title: Comparison of inflammatory and systemic sources of growth factors in acute and chronic XXXX wounds.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The results obtained from treatment of 156 @entity0 for @entity1 are reported in this paper. Eighty-five per cent of the fistulae had developed in the wake of gynaecological operations. Vaginography played a major role in diagnosis. Spontaneous occlusion of fistulae occurred in 19 cases. Satisfactory results were recorded from nine @entity0 by means of indwelling ureteral catheters. Cases of @entity2 were tackled by means of corticosteroid therapy. Nephrectomy was necessary in 24 cases. A date between five and seven weeks from fistulation has proved to be the optimum time for ureteroplasty. Organ-saving operations were performed on 101 @entity0 . Results were satisfactory in 82.1 per cent of all cases. This assessment is given with due consideration of renal function.

title: [Treatment of XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity0 ultimately diagnosed with nonimmune @entity2 are often referred to pediatric hematology clinics with a provisional diagnosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The authors' aim was to establish in these @entity0 the features characterizing the mechanism of @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of the case records of seven @entity0 (three @entity0 and four @entity0 , aged 5 months to 7 years) with misdiagnosed chronic @entity4 referred to a single pediatric hematology center between 1990 and 2000. RESULTS: In the seven @entity0 , the suspected diagnosis on referral was @entity4 and the final diagnosis was @entity2 . @entity3 and/or leukocyte morphology were present in all of them. Other features suggestive of @entity2 included a history of @entity2 (2/7), failure of @entity1 and/or intravenous immunoglobulins to raise the platelet count to normal levels (5/7), and moderate increase of @entity5 -111 platelet turnover in the two @entity0 tested. Platelet-associated IgG (PaIgG) was above the normal threshold in the four @entity0 tested; the direct monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) test was negative in the four @entity0 tested and the serum test was positive in two @entity0 . Bone marrow examination revealed either a normal (4/7) or an elevated (3/7) number of megakaryocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Family history and blood cell morphology analysis in experienced hands are the first steps in discriminating @entity4 from @entity2 in @entity0 with isolated @entity2 . In contrast, bone marrow examination and search for specific autoantibodies using the MAIPA test are of little help. An isotopic platelet life span study, when available, should be performed before considering splenectomy to exclude the diagnosis of @entity2 , especially when @entity1 and/or IgG IV administration failed to raise the platelet count.

title: Misdiagnosis of XXXX in childhood.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the outcome of surgical management of pouch-vaginal @entity3 in females who had undergone restorative proctocolectomy. METHODS: This study was designed as a retrospective chart review of females treated for pouch-vaginal @entity3 from 1983 to 2000. All @entity0 were followed up using our prospective pouch registry, with additional data collected by interview or mailed questionnaire. RESULTS: Sixty females were identified (mean age, 33.3 +/- 1.3 years), of whom 33 had their initial restorative proctocolectomy done at our institution. Preoperative diagnosis was @entity2 (88 percent), indeterminate @entity6 (10 percent), and @entity5 (2 percent). Average time to @entity7 following restorative proctocolectomy was 21 months (range, 1-132 months). Postoperative @entity4 had occurred in 17 (28 percent) @entity0 . Primary treatment modalities included the following: local repairs (n = 46, 77 percent), the majority of which were ileal advancement flaps; redo restorative proctocolectomy (n = 6, 10 percent); and pouch excision (n = 5, 8 percent). Initial healing was achieved in 20 @entity0 . An additional 11 @entity0 with recurrences healed after repeat procedures. The overall healing rate was 52 percent at 49.4 +/- 3.8 months follow-up. Pouch failure was the eventual outcome in 13 (22 percent) @entity0 and 16 (27 percent) @entity0 had persistent @entity7 . A delayed diagnosis of @entity1 was made in 24 @entity0 . @entity1 @entity0 had lower success rates following ileal advancement flaps compared with the non-Crohn's group (25 vs. 48 percent, respectively), much lower overall healing rates of their pouch-vaginal @entity3 (17 vs. 75 percent, respectively), and a higher incidence of pouch failure (33 vs. 14 percent, respectively). CONCLUSION: Pouch-vaginal @entity3 are a difficult problem in females following restorative proctocolectomy. However, local repair can be successful with good functional outcomes. Redo restorative proctocolectomy may also achieve healing if local repairs are not possible or have failed. A delayed diagnosis of @entity1 results in worse treatment outcome and higher pouch failure rates.

title: Management and treatment outcome of pouch-vaginal XXXX following restorative proctocolectomy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The pathogenesis of the @entity7 is not fully solved. An almost invariable histological finding is the great accumulation of mucinous material in the valve leaflets and constitutes the basis of the @entity2 . The presence of a mucinous layer in normal valves-- the @entity8 --is not well recognised. To establish the normal range of the extent of this zone, 50 excised mitral valves from @entity0 aged 2 to 89 years and who died as a result of road traffic accidents or non-cardiac causes have been analysed by measuring the thickness of the zone in relation to the valve thickness. A range of 0 to 60 per cent was found and this was not influenced by age. The findings were compared with 50 @entity0 clinically diagnosed as suffering from the @entity7 . A value of over 60 per cent (range 62 to 94%) was found in 43 @entity0 . The increase in the extent of the mucinous material was considered to be a secondary change in the thickened fibrosa which normally accompanies the @entity7 . Measurements of @entity8 falling within the normal range were found in seven @entity0 . The clinical features, complications, and accompanying conditions have also been analysed. @entity4 had occurred in 20 @entity0 , @entity6 in three, and @entity5 was found in four valves. In four @entity0 the aortic valve was also involved and accompanying @entity3 in an additional @entity0 . It is suggested that these @entity0 should not be included in the group of Marfan's forme fruste, nor in the typical floppy @entity1 . Apart from the valvular theory, the myocardial theory in the pathogenesis of the syndrome has been discussed and the components ensuring normal mitral valve function have been reviewed. It is concluded that an inherent, prominent @entity8 predisposes to the @entity7 , particularly if any one of the components of normal valve function is abnormal.

title: The XXXX . Study on pathogenesis.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of @entity0 seen at the King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out in 31,028 consecutive deliveries between January 1986 and December 1996 at the King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, KSA. The study group was compared with a matched control group. RESULTS: There were 203 newborns with 208 injuries with an incidence of 6.70 per 1,000 live births. The majority (55%) of the injuries was sustained during normal vaginal deliveries and the least were during cesarean section (5.2%). The average gestational age was 39 weeks (25-44 weeks) in the study group and in the control group was 38.84 (21-44 weeks). The birth weight in the study group was 3323 gms (780-6190) and the control group was 3015 gms (790-6,015) p<0.01. The Apgar score in the study group was 7 and 9 at one and 5 minutes and in the control group was 8 and 9. There were 104 scalp injuries, 50 nerve injuries, 20 @entity2 (11 clavicle and 9 long bones) and 21 newborns had @entity3 . CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a variety of birth related @entity1 at the teaching institution with a lower overall incidence as compared to reports from the literature. The only significant factor was that birth weight was higher in the study group as compared to the control group (p <0.01). It is recommended that every effort be required to further decrease the incidence of @entity0 .

title: Birth associated XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 activity and peroxisomal and mitochondrial @entity3 oxidation have been investigated in cardiac and skeletal muscle from @entity0 fed @entity5 , @entity6 or @entity7 in an unrefined diet for different periods of time. @entity7 was also added to either a high @entity2 (70% of kilocalories from @entity1 ) or high fat (70% of kilocalories from lard) diet and fed to @entity0 for either 1 or 3 weeks. @entity4 activity was elevated in all muscles from @entity0 fed the hypolipidemic drugs. The response of @entity4 activity in muscle to clofibrate was dose-dependent. The response time of @entity4 activity was different in individual muscles. Peroxisomal @entity3 oxidation was elevated in the heart and soleus muscle from @entity0 fed @entity7 in either the high- @entity2 or the high-fat diet. There was no change in peroxisomal @entity3 oxidation in psoas or extensor digitorum longus muscle from @entity0 fed the drugs. Mitochondrial @entity3 oxidation was only slightly increased by @entity7 in the heart and soleus muscles after 3 weeks of @entity7 feeding. The results suggest that the cardiac muscle, like the liver, responds to hypolipidemic drug treatment with an increase in peroxisomal fat oxidation. The skeletal muscle response is less specific and that tissue may not contribute to the hypolipidemic effect of the drugs. The findings also suggest that these drugs do not induce peroxisome proliferation in skeletal muscle.

title: The effect of three hypolipidemic drugs on XXXX activity and peroxisomal and mitochondrial @entity3 oxidation in @entity0 cardiac and skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 activity and peroxisomal and mitochondrial @entity3 oxidation have been investigated in cardiac and skeletal muscle from @entity0 fed @entity5 , @entity6 or @entity7 in an unrefined diet for different periods of time. @entity7 was also added to either a high @entity2 (70% of kilocalories from @entity1 ) or high fat (70% of kilocalories from lard) diet and fed to @entity0 for either 1 or 3 weeks. @entity4 activity was elevated in all muscles from @entity0 fed the hypolipidemic drugs. The response of @entity4 activity in muscle to clofibrate was dose-dependent. The response time of @entity4 activity was different in individual muscles. Peroxisomal @entity3 oxidation was elevated in the heart and soleus muscle from @entity0 fed @entity7 in either the high- @entity2 or the high-fat diet. There was no change in peroxisomal @entity3 oxidation in psoas or extensor digitorum longus muscle from @entity0 fed the drugs. Mitochondrial @entity3 oxidation was only slightly increased by @entity7 in the heart and soleus muscles after 3 weeks of @entity7 feeding. The results suggest that the cardiac muscle, like the liver, responds to hypolipidemic drug treatment with an increase in peroxisomal fat oxidation. The skeletal muscle response is less specific and that tissue may not contribute to the hypolipidemic effect of the drugs. The findings also suggest that these drugs do not induce peroxisome proliferation in skeletal muscle.

title: The effect of three hypolipidemic drugs on @entity4 activity and peroxisomal and mitochondrial XXXX oxidation in @entity0 cardiac and skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 activity and peroxisomal and mitochondrial @entity3 oxidation have been investigated in cardiac and skeletal muscle from @entity0 fed @entity5 , @entity6 or @entity7 in an unrefined diet for different periods of time. @entity7 was also added to either a high @entity2 (70% of kilocalories from @entity1 ) or high fat (70% of kilocalories from lard) diet and fed to @entity0 for either 1 or 3 weeks. @entity4 activity was elevated in all muscles from @entity0 fed the hypolipidemic drugs. The response of @entity4 activity in muscle to clofibrate was dose-dependent. The response time of @entity4 activity was different in individual muscles. Peroxisomal @entity3 oxidation was elevated in the heart and soleus muscle from @entity0 fed @entity7 in either the high- @entity2 or the high-fat diet. There was no change in peroxisomal @entity3 oxidation in psoas or extensor digitorum longus muscle from @entity0 fed the drugs. Mitochondrial @entity3 oxidation was only slightly increased by @entity7 in the heart and soleus muscles after 3 weeks of @entity7 feeding. The results suggest that the cardiac muscle, like the liver, responds to hypolipidemic drug treatment with an increase in peroxisomal fat oxidation. The skeletal muscle response is less specific and that tissue may not contribute to the hypolipidemic effect of the drugs. The findings also suggest that these drugs do not induce peroxisome proliferation in skeletal muscle.

title: The effect of three hypolipidemic drugs on @entity4 activity and peroxisomal and mitochondrial @entity3 oxidation in XXXX cardiac and skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Late @entity4 after radiotherapy for @entity0 was studied in 197 @entity1 examined before, 6 months after, and 10 years after treatment. The 10-year follow-up was done by survey of the files of @entity1 who had died and re-examination of @entity1 who were alive and free of @entity2 . Among 95 @entity1 who died, 3 died of @entity3 . Autopsy in 32 @entity1 showed serious @entity4 in 3. Of 102 @entity1 alive at follow-up, 3 reported heart symptoms. Sixty-nine @entity1 participated in the re-examination. Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities were found in 19% of these @entity1 before treatment; in 45% at 6 months, essentially due to T-wave changes in @entity1 who had received left-sided irradiation; and in 45% at 10 years, with fewer T-wave abnormalities but more @entity5 and ectopic beats. Average working capacity was 83 W before, 81 W at 6 months, and 84 W at ten years. Average heart volume was 680 ml before, 689 ml at 6 months, and 718 ml (P less than 0.01) 10 years after treatment. In conclusion, there was a high incidence of ECG T-wave changes, but they were reversible, and the perimyocardial damage indicated was functionally insignificant. The incidence of serious @entity4 was low.

title: Incidence of @entity4 and functional significance of changes in the electrocardiogram 10 years after radiotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Late @entity4 after radiotherapy for @entity0 was studied in 197 @entity1 examined before, 6 months after, and 10 years after treatment. The 10-year follow-up was done by survey of the files of @entity1 who had died and re-examination of @entity1 who were alive and free of @entity2 . Among 95 @entity1 who died, 3 died of @entity3 . Autopsy in 32 @entity1 showed serious @entity4 in 3. Of 102 @entity1 alive at follow-up, 3 reported heart symptoms. Sixty-nine @entity1 participated in the re-examination. Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities were found in 19% of these @entity1 before treatment; in 45% at 6 months, essentially due to T-wave changes in @entity1 who had received left-sided irradiation; and in 45% at 10 years, with fewer T-wave abnormalities but more @entity5 and ectopic beats. Average working capacity was 83 W before, 81 W at 6 months, and 84 W at ten years. Average heart volume was 680 ml before, 689 ml at 6 months, and 718 ml (P less than 0.01) 10 years after treatment. In conclusion, there was a high incidence of ECG T-wave changes, but they were reversible, and the perimyocardial damage indicated was functionally insignificant. The incidence of serious @entity4 was low.

title: Incidence of XXXX and functional significance of changes in the electrocardiogram 10 years after radiotherapy for @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Short-term cultures of 10 malignant @entity2 derived from 8 @entity0 were analyzed cytogenetically. The chromosome composition of the @entity1 was found to be similar in terms of modal number and structural and numerical aberrations, especially the nonrandom nature of breakpoints. Six chromosomes were consistently involved in marker formation. Aberrations of chromosomes #1 and #9 were identified in every @entity1 , whereas structural alterations of chromosome #2 were found in 9 @entity1 . In contrast, aberrations of chromosomes #6, #3, and #7 were identified in 7, 7, and 8 of the @entity1 , respectively. The nonrandom breakpoints on these chromosomes frequently coincided with known oncogenic loci and resulted in morphologically identical marker chromosomes. Consecutive lesions were obtained for two @entity0 . Common markers were identified in both cases, indicating the clonal origin of the @entity1 . In addition, many marker chromosomes characteristic of the individual lesions were also identified. The presence of these lesion-specific markers indicates the nonrandom selective nature of the metastatic process and suggests the possible heterogeneity of the original @entity1 cell population.

title: Nonrandom chromosome structural aberrations and oncogene loci in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Short-term cultures of 10 malignant @entity2 derived from 8 @entity0 were analyzed cytogenetically. The chromosome composition of the @entity1 was found to be similar in terms of modal number and structural and numerical aberrations, especially the nonrandom nature of breakpoints. Six chromosomes were consistently involved in marker formation. Aberrations of chromosomes #1 and #9 were identified in every @entity1 , whereas structural alterations of chromosome #2 were found in 9 @entity1 . In contrast, aberrations of chromosomes #6, #3, and #7 were identified in 7, 7, and 8 of the @entity1 , respectively. The nonrandom breakpoints on these chromosomes frequently coincided with known oncogenic loci and resulted in morphologically identical marker chromosomes. Consecutive lesions were obtained for two @entity0 . Common markers were identified in both cases, indicating the clonal origin of the @entity1 . In addition, many marker chromosomes characteristic of the individual lesions were also identified. The presence of these lesion-specific markers indicates the nonrandom selective nature of the metastatic process and suggests the possible heterogeneity of the original @entity1 cell population.

title: Nonrandom chromosome structural aberrations and oncogene loci in XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In mammals, males consume more food, which is considered a masculinized behavior, but the underlying mechanism of this sex-specific feeding behavior is unknown. In @entity0 , neonatal @entity3 (NT) is critical to masculinize the developing brain, leading to sex differences in reproductive physiology. The proopiomelanocortin ( @entity9 ) neurons of the hypothalamic @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are critical to suppress energy intake and @entity9 innervation of hypothalamic feeding circuits develops to a large extent neonatally. We hypothesized that NT programs the masculinization of energy intake by programming @entity9 neurons. We tested this hypothesis by comparing control females and control males (CMs) with female @entity0 neonatally androgenized with @entity3 (NTFs). We show that increased food intake in CMs is associated with reduced @entity9 expression and decreased intensity of neuronal projections from @entity9 neurons within the @entity7 compared with control females. We found that NTFs display a masculinized energy intake and @entity7 @entity9 expression and innervation as observed in CMs, which can be mimicked by neonatal exposure to the @entity4 receptor agonist @entity5 ( @entity6 ). NTFs also exhibit hyperleptinemia and a decreased ability of leptin to up-regulate @entity9 , suppress food intake, and prevent adipose tissue accumulation, independent of @entity8 . However, this leptin resistance is specific to NTFs, is not a consequence of masculinization, and is reproduced by neonatal exposure to @entity2 but not @entity6 . Thus, NT programs a sexual differentiation of @entity9 neurons in female @entity0 via @entity6 but also predisposes to leptin resistance and @entity1 in an @entity2 -dependent manner.

title: Early-life exposure to XXXX programs the hypothalamic melanocortin system.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases of central pontine @entity9 (CPM) post liver transplantation in which treatment with plasmapheresis and intravenous immune globulin improved expected neurologic outcome. CASE SUMMARY: Two @entity0 who underwent orthotopic liver transplant developed CPM early in their postoperative course. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated severe @entity2 of either the pons or the midbrain, respectively. Both @entity0 developed significant @entity1 , including acute mental status changes, severe @entity4 , @entity5 , and/or prolonged @entity6 . Pretransplant laboratory results indicated serum @entity7 levels fluctuating between 115 mEq/L and 152 mEq/L. Both @entity0 received 6 days of plasmapheresis (PP) followed by 5 consecutive days of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG). Significant neurologic improvement was experienced at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, after therapy was initiated. Complete resolution of neurologic symptoms was evident at 1 year follow-up. DISCUSSION: Currently, specific guidelines or recommendations for the treatment of CPM are practically nonexistent. CPM remains a @entity1 that is difficult to treat and may result in permanent significant neurologic sequelae. The etiology and pathogenesis of this disease are unclear, although @entity3 , particularly in the setting of @entity8 , is the main risk factor. While @entity0 may eventually show some improvement with supportive care, progress is often protracted, and complete resolution of symptoms is exceedingly rare. The severity of the midbrain lesions juxtaposed against the rapidity of symptom resolution in these 2 @entity0 alludes to a potential therapeutic benefit after initiation of therapy with PP and IVIG. CONCLUSIONS: These cases suggest that prompt recognition of CPM and initiation of PP and IVIG may help modulate its progress and improve long-term neurologic outcome.

title: Plasmapheresis and Intravenous Immune Globulin Improve Neurologic Outcome of XXXX Occurring Post Orthotopic Liver Transplant.

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity13 ), a product of platelet lipid peroxidation, was measured in @entity0 platelet-rich plasma. Levels of 3.19 n moles/10(9) platelets /+- 0.40 S.E. in 11 @entity0 with prosthetic heart valves were elevated (p < 0.25) compared to 17 normal subjects (2.09 /+- 0.13 n moles/10(9) platelets). Reduced production (1.44 /+- 0.28 n moles/10(9) platelets, p < 0.5) was found in 10 @entity0 with @entity10 . Normal levels were found in @entity0 with @entity16 , @entity3 or @entity1 . Usual serum levels of drugs used in cardiac treatment reduced @entity13 levels as follows: @entity9 , 47% (p < .01); @entity2 , 58% (p < .05); @entity11 , 32.6% (p < .005), and @entity19 , 41% (p < .05). Digoxin, @entity15 , heparin, @entity4 , @entity14 , @entity8 , @entity12 , @entity5 , @entity17 , or @entity6 had no significant effect at therapeutic concentrations. None of the drugs explained the enhanced production in @entity0 with prosthetic valves while enhanced production in @entity0 with prosthetic valves while analgesic therapy could explain the decreased levels in other cardiacs. The half-time of platelet survival, measured by suppression of @entity7 production, was 3.2 /+- 0.24 days in 9 normal subjects but could not be measured reliably in most @entity0 because of multiple drug therapies. We conclude that the blood platelets of @entity0 with prosthetic heart valves differ from those of normal subjects in their capacity to release @entity7 after stimulation with @entity18 . Additionally, we find that inhibition of @entity7 production by several pharmacologic agents limits the usefulness of this method for the measurement of platelet survival in cardiac @entity0 .

title: Platelet XXXX in cardiovascular disease: effect of prosthetic heart valves and cardioactive drugs on production.

answer: @entity7


abstract: AIM: This study was designed to evaluate the performance of shear-wave elastography as a diagnostic tool for @entity2 in a larger cohort of @entity0 than previously reported. @entity0 AND METHODS: Seventy-three @entity0 with suspected @entity2 were investigated by ultrasound elastography followed by directed biopsy. The elastographic and histological results for all biopsies were compared. RESULTS: After exclusion of invalid and non-assessable results, 794 samples were obtained for which both a histological assessment and an elastometric result (tissue stiffness in kPa) were available: according to the histology 589 were benign and 205 were malignant. Tissue elasticity was found to be weakly correlated with @entity0 's age, @entity3 level and gland volume. ROC analysis showed that, for the set of results acquired, elastometry did not fulfil literature claims that it could identify malignant @entity1 with high sensitivity and specificity. However, it did show promise in distinguishing between Gleason scores  <=6 and >6 when @entity1 had already been identified. Unexpected observations were the finding of a smaller proportion of @entity1 in the lateral regions of the prostate than generally expected, and also the observation that the elasticity of benign prostate tissue is region-sensitive, the tissue being stiffest in the basal region and more elastic at the apex. CONCLUSIONS: Shear-wave elastography was found to be a poor predictor of @entity1 , but for malignant lesions an elasticity cut-off of 80 kPa allowed a fairly reliable distinction between lesions with Gleason  <=6 and those with Gleason >6. We demonstrate an increase in elasticity of benign prostate tissue from the basal to the apical region.

title: New aspects in shear-wave elastography of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Grossly circumscribed, nonhemorrhagic breast masses consisting of mammary stromal proliferations that simulated @entity3 were studied in nine @entity1 . Histologically, a striking pattern, which appeared to consist of complex inter-anastomosing channels lined by slender spindle cells, was present in the mammary parenchyma. The importance of this benign lesion, referred to as @entity6 of mammary stroma, is its distinction from @entity5 . The @entity1 ranged in age from 22 to 52 years; all were premenopausal. Each presented with a palpable unilateral mass, measuring up to 7 cm in diameter. The @entity1 were treated by excisional biopsy and remained well for up to 2.5 years after excision. One @entity1 had two local recurrences within one year of the original excision, and a second @entity1 had a local recurrence at 14 months. No @entity1 had another concurrent or metachronous @entity0 or other organ, and no abnormal hormonal status was found. Complete local excision appears to be adequate treatment. It remains to be determined whether this is a @entity2 . However, there is no evidence that it is a precursor of @entity5 , and ultrastructural observations demonstrate that the spaces found in the lesion are not true vascular channels. Rather, they appear to arise by a process that involves disruption and separation of stromal collagen fibers. Since small foci of this change are common in hyperplastic breast tissue from premenopausal @entity1 , it is likely that the development of a discrete @entity2 with this pattern represents an exaggerated form of @entity4 .

title: XXXX of mammary stroma.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Slowing the @entity0 in Africa requires improved detection of @entity3 . @entity2 , a form of glycated hemoglobin A, is recommended for diagnosing @entity3 . The glycated proteins, @entity4 and glycated albumin (GA), are hemoglobin-independent alternatives to @entity2 , but their efficacy in Africans is unknown. Our goals were to determine the ability of @entity2 , @entity4 , and GA to detect @entity3 in U.S.-based Africans and the value of combining @entity2 with either @entity4 or GA. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Oral @entity1 tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed in 217 self-identified healthy African immigrants (69% male, age 39    10 years [mean    SD], BMI 27.6    4.5 kg/m(2)). @entity2 , @entity4 , and GA were measured. @entity3 was diagnosed by American @entity0 Association criteria for @entity1 obtained from a 2-h OGTT. The thresholds to diagnose @entity3 by @entity2 , @entity4 , and GA were the cutoff at the upper tertile for each variable: >= 5.7% (39 mmol/mol) (range 4.2-6.6% [22.4-48.6 mmol/mol]), >= 230   mol/L (range 161-269   mol/L) and >= 13.35% (range 10.20-16.07%), respectively. RESULTS: @entity3 occurred in 34% (74 of 217). The diagnostic sensitivities of @entity2 , @entity4 , and GA were 50%, 41%, and 42%, respectively. The P values for comparison with @entity2 were both >0.3. Combining @entity2 with either @entity4 or GA increased sensitivities. However, the sensitivity of @entity2 combined with @entity4 was not better than for @entity2 alone (72% vs. 50%, P = 0.172). In contrast, the sensitivity of @entity2 combined with GA was higher than for @entity2 alone (78% vs. 50%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: As individual tests, @entity2 , @entity4 , and GA detected  <=50% of Africans with @entity3 . However, combining @entity2 with GA made it possible to identify nearly 80% of Africans with @entity3 .

title: A1C Combined With Glycated Albumin Improves Detection of XXXX in Africans: The Africans in America Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: This study assessed the long-term benefits and side effects of low-to-medium dose of @entity1 therapy in primary @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: The retrospective analysis included 319 @entity0 with @entity2 who accepted @entity1 therapy. @entity0 accepted @entity1 alone or in combination with glucocorticoids. Clinical outcome and tolerance were assessed in all @entity0 . RESULTS: Among @entity0 with persistent or chronic @entity2 , the overall response rate of @entity1 therapy was 65.0%. Sixty-five (63.1%) of the 103 @entity0 reached remission with @entity1 alone, and 93 (48.7%) of the 191 @entity0 who accepted combination therapies acquired remission and discontinued glucocorticoids successfully. Age and previous treatments were 2 risk factors for response rate. In newly diagnosed @entity0 with @entity2 , the response rate and median response time did not differ significantly with or without @entity1 . However, the relapse rate was significantly lower in @entity0 administered @entity1 combined with glucocorticoids than those accepted glucocorticoids alone. Totally, 21.1% of the @entity0 experienced mild or moderate side effects, and 1.2% of the @entity0 discontinued treatment due to intolerable side effects. CONCLUSION: Low-to-medium dosage of @entity1 is better tolerated and effective in @entity0 with @entity2 , even in those refractory to other treatments. Combination of @entity1 and glucocorticoids for initial treatment may decrease relapse rates to achieve well-tolerated long-term remission.

title: The Effect of XXXX in Primary @entity2 : An Analysis of a Large Cohort From a Single Center in China.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: This study assessed the long-term benefits and side effects of low-to-medium dose of @entity1 therapy in primary @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: The retrospective analysis included 319 @entity0 with @entity2 who accepted @entity1 therapy. @entity0 accepted @entity1 alone or in combination with glucocorticoids. Clinical outcome and tolerance were assessed in all @entity0 . RESULTS: Among @entity0 with persistent or chronic @entity2 , the overall response rate of @entity1 therapy was 65.0%. Sixty-five (63.1%) of the 103 @entity0 reached remission with @entity1 alone, and 93 (48.7%) of the 191 @entity0 who accepted combination therapies acquired remission and discontinued glucocorticoids successfully. Age and previous treatments were 2 risk factors for response rate. In newly diagnosed @entity0 with @entity2 , the response rate and median response time did not differ significantly with or without @entity1 . However, the relapse rate was significantly lower in @entity0 administered @entity1 combined with glucocorticoids than those accepted glucocorticoids alone. Totally, 21.1% of the @entity0 experienced mild or moderate side effects, and 1.2% of the @entity0 discontinued treatment due to intolerable side effects. CONCLUSION: Low-to-medium dosage of @entity1 is better tolerated and effective in @entity0 with @entity2 , even in those refractory to other treatments. Combination of @entity1 and glucocorticoids for initial treatment may decrease relapse rates to achieve well-tolerated long-term remission.

title: The Effect of @entity1 in Primary XXXX : An Analysis of a Large Cohort From a Single Center in China.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 156 cases of @entity3 in the @entity0 were seen over a 10 year period. 40 were congenital and 116 acquired, chiefly after intubation. @entity2 improved spontaneously in 60 % of cases. When tracheotomy was necessary, treatment was similar to that of acquired @entity2 . For post-intubation @entity2 analysis of the underlying pathology revealed the existence of risk factors: @entity1 , cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation, laryngaeal pathology being responsible in 75 % of cases. Awareness of these risk factors was felt to be one of the essential elements in the prevention of post-intubation @entity2 . Treatment varied in accordance with the degree of progression of the @entity2 . In recent progressive forms medical and endoscopic treatment (51 cures without treacheotomy, 11 after tracheotomy for 2 to 10 weeks). In forms with scar tissue, tracheotomy associated with endolaryngeal calibration (21 cases) or laryngotracheal enlargement surgery (21 cases). A number of precautions are suggested in order to improve the prevention of @entity2 with scar tissue. Indications of the various therapeutic methods are discussed according to whether the @entity2 is due to scar tissue or is congenital. With regard to procedures involving laryngotracheal widening (28 in all : 21 for @entity2 after intubation and 7 for @entity2 ), emphasis placed upon the need to select amongst several types of operation according to the site and extent of the lesions.

title: [The treatment of XXXX in the @entity0 . 156 cases (author's transl)].

answer: @entity3


abstract: 156 cases of @entity3 in the @entity0 were seen over a 10 year period. 40 were congenital and 116 acquired, chiefly after intubation. @entity2 improved spontaneously in 60 % of cases. When tracheotomy was necessary, treatment was similar to that of acquired @entity2 . For post-intubation @entity2 analysis of the underlying pathology revealed the existence of risk factors: @entity1 , cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation, laryngaeal pathology being responsible in 75 % of cases. Awareness of these risk factors was felt to be one of the essential elements in the prevention of post-intubation @entity2 . Treatment varied in accordance with the degree of progression of the @entity2 . In recent progressive forms medical and endoscopic treatment (51 cures without treacheotomy, 11 after tracheotomy for 2 to 10 weeks). In forms with scar tissue, tracheotomy associated with endolaryngeal calibration (21 cases) or laryngotracheal enlargement surgery (21 cases). A number of precautions are suggested in order to improve the prevention of @entity2 with scar tissue. Indications of the various therapeutic methods are discussed according to whether the @entity2 is due to scar tissue or is congenital. With regard to procedures involving laryngotracheal widening (28 in all : 21 for @entity2 after intubation and 7 for @entity2 ), emphasis placed upon the need to select amongst several types of operation according to the site and extent of the lesions.

title: [The treatment of @entity3 in the XXXX . 156 cases (author's transl)].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inteins and group I introns found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms occasionally behave as mobile genetic elements. During meiosis of the @entity1 @entity1 , the site-specific endonuclease encoded by @entity6 intein, VDE, triggers a single @entity3 ( @entity3 ) at an inteinless allele, leading to @entity6 intein homing. Besides the accumulating information on the in vitro activity of VDE, very little has been known about the molecular mechanism of intein homing in @entity1 nucleus. RESULTS: We developed an assay to detect the product of @entity6 intein homing in @entity1 genome. We analysed mutant phenotypes of RecA homologs, @entity4 and @entity7 , and their interacting proteins, @entity8 and @entity12 , and found that they all play critical roles in intein inheritance. The absence of @entity3 end processing proteins, @entity9 and those in the @entity10 - @entity5 - @entity11 complex, also causes partial reduction in homing efficiency. As with meiotic recombination, crossover events are frequently observed during intein homing. We also observed that the absence of premeiotic DNA replication caused by @entity2 (HU) or clb5delta clb6delta mutation reduces VDE-mediated DSBs. CONCLUSION: The repairing system working in intein homing shares molecular machinery with meiotic recombination induced by @entity0 . Moreover, like @entity0 -induced DNA cleavage, premeiotic DNA replication is a prerequisite for a VDE-induced @entity3 . @entity6 intein thus utilizes several host factors involved in meiotic and recombinational processes to spread its genetic information and guarantee its progeny through establishment of a parasitic relationship with the organism.

title: VDE-initiated intein homing in XXXX proceeds in a meiotic recombination-like manner.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We describe a @entity0 with acute necrotizing @entity6 who recovered rapidly after pericardial drainage and without corticosteroid therapy. The 25-year- old @entity0 was referred to our hospital with suspected acute @entity3 on the basis of severe epigastralgia, abnormal Q waves and ST elevation on electrocardiography, and an increase in cardiac enzymes. Echocardiography disclosed pericardial effusion that compressed the right ventricle, left @entity1 in conjunction with posterolateral hypokinesis, and a thickened ventricular wall but no mural @entity4 . The eosinophil count in the peripheral blood was slightly increased. Coronary angiography showed normal arteries and thus prompted an endomyocardial biopsy. The @entity0 was transferred to the intensive care unit with a clinical diagnosis of @entity6 associated with @entity5 . Emergency pericardiocentesis relieved symptoms immediately. The cells in the pericardial effusion were mainly eosinophils; @entity2 and @entity7 levels were predominantly elevated, and the effusion was drained for 5 days. The biopsy specimen revealed necrotizing @entity6 . Left ventricular function recovered within a week without corticosteroid therapy. No relapse was observed as of 8 months after diagnosis.

title: Therapeutic role of pericardiocentesis for acute necrotizing XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: We describe a @entity0 with acute necrotizing @entity6 who recovered rapidly after pericardial drainage and without corticosteroid therapy. The 25-year- old @entity0 was referred to our hospital with suspected acute @entity3 on the basis of severe epigastralgia, abnormal Q waves and ST elevation on electrocardiography, and an increase in cardiac enzymes. Echocardiography disclosed pericardial effusion that compressed the right ventricle, left @entity1 in conjunction with posterolateral hypokinesis, and a thickened ventricular wall but no mural @entity4 . The eosinophil count in the peripheral blood was slightly increased. Coronary angiography showed normal arteries and thus prompted an endomyocardial biopsy. The @entity0 was transferred to the intensive care unit with a clinical diagnosis of @entity6 associated with @entity5 . Emergency pericardiocentesis relieved symptoms immediately. The cells in the pericardial effusion were mainly eosinophils; @entity2 and @entity7 levels were predominantly elevated, and the effusion was drained for 5 days. The biopsy specimen revealed necrotizing @entity6 . Left ventricular function recovered within a week without corticosteroid therapy. No relapse was observed as of 8 months after diagnosis.

title: Therapeutic role of pericardiocentesis for acute necrotizing @entity6 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 are the most common conditions affecting the external ocular adnexa. The most common forms are primarily IgE-mediated and share features in common with other @entity4 . Mast cell activation and release of mediators, particularly @entity3 , are central to the pathogenesis of seasonal and @entity2 . These conditions are self-limited without the occurrence of ocular surface damage. In contrast, @entity7 and @entity8 are complex diseases, involving both early- and late-phase allergic responses. They are characterized by severe chronic @entity1 with T cell infiltration in the conjunctiva and may be sight-threatening. OBJECTIVES: To provide a brief overview of the @entity2 and summarize the current knowledge of immunopathogenetic mechanisms involved in initiating and driving these conditions. DATA SOURCES: English-language articles were sought from a MEDLINE search from 1995. This yielded a number of scientific and review papers exploring recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Recent advances in knowledge about the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in @entity5 have led to a better understanding of treatment options and to the development of new treatment modalities, resulting in improved control of symptoms for @entity0 .

title: Ocular XXXX : implications for the clinical immunologist.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Aquatic larvae of the newt Pleurodeles waltl were exposed to different concentrations of @entity0 ( @entity1 ) for various lengths of time. Frequencies of micronuclei in circulating erythrocytes were determined at different times after termination of the treatment. The incidence of micronuclei in larvae kept for 8 days in @entity1 -containing water displayed a marked increase with dose up to 0.075 ppm and a more gradual one with higher doses, reaching 158 per 1,000 at 0.75 ppm. The lowest dose at which a significant increase could be discerned was 0.01 ppm. Short periods of exposure, less than 2 days, did not result in a marked increase in micronuclei. Uptake and release was studied with tritiated @entity1 . Larvae concentrated @entity1 rapidly, attaining maximal levels after 12 hr. The ratio of radioactivity in larvae to that in an equivalent volume of surrounding water was about 200 independent of the amount of @entity1 added. Calf serum or bovine serum albumin added to the water lowered this ratio by competing for binding to @entity1 . Radioactive larvae placed in regularly renewed noncontaminated water lost 99% of the label after 100 hr. It is concluded that pleurodele larvae are a promising model for the detection of genotoxic activity in the aquatic environment.

title: Micronuclei in red blood cells of the newt Pleurodeles waltl after treatment with XXXX : dependence on dose, length of exposure, posttreatment time, and uptake of the drug.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The practice of treating candidates for liver transplantation (LT) for @entity3 ( @entity3 ), with locoregional therapies, is common in most transplantation centers. We present our results using transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as a neo-adjuvant treatment in our center between 2002 and 2013 to determine its effectiveness in downstaging (DS) @entity3 within the Milan criteria (MC). Clinical variables were recorded of both donors and recipients, such as diagnosis and treatment, variables related to its etiology, the use of TACE as a neo-adjuvant treatment, immunosuppressive therapy, @entity2 , recurrence of disease, exitus, and others. Sixty-four @entity0 were analyzed. Median age was 57 (range, 51-64) years. In this study, 84% (54) were male and 16% (10) were @entity0 . Etiology of @entity3 was viral in 47% (30), alcoholic in 25% (16), and other in 28% (18). TACE was conducted in 45 @entity0 (70%). Every @entity0 included in our study presented a T2 stage (of @entity1 -nodes-metastasis [TNM]) before surgery, thus within the MC. However, DS protocol was performed in 5 @entity0 (7.8%). We performed a bivariate analysis, having assessed that the use of TACE decreases T2 stage into T1-T0 stage (P  < .05). We have also calculated the recurrence-free survival, which reaches up to 80% to 125 months. Furthermore, even though the statistical differences are not consistent due to the simple size presented, we conclude that TACE is a safe and effective therapy to control @entity3 progression during the waiting list time.

title: Role of Transarterial Chemoembolization to Downstage XXXX Within the Milan Criteria.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 due to falls cause significant morbidity and mortality among geriatric @entity0 . A significant unmet need is an optimal @entity1 management strategy. Consequently, @entity0 are treated with standard analgesic care (SAC) regimens, which deliver high narcotic doses. However, narcotics are associated with @entity5 as well as gastrointestinal and @entity6 risks. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided continuous compartmental fascia @entity4 (CFIB) in @entity0 60 years or older with @entity2 in comparison with SAC alone. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 108 @entity0 60 years or older, with acute @entity1 secondary to hip @entity3 (2012-2013). @entity0 variables were age, sex, comorbidities, and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Primary outcome was @entity1 scores; secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, discharge disposition, morbidity, and mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using (IBM SPSS version 22). For group comparison (SAC vs. SAC + CFIB) median test, repeated-measures analysis and Student's t test of transformed @entity1 scores were used. RESULTS: Sixty-four @entity0 received SAC only, and 44 @entity0 received SAC + CFIB. Each CFIB placement was successful on first attempt without complications. Median time from emergency department arrival to block placement was 12.5 hours (interquartile range, 4-22 hours). @entity0 who received SAC + CFIB had significantly lower @entity1 score ratings than @entity0 treated with SAC alone. There were no differences in inpatient morbidity and mortality rates. @entity0 treated with SAC + CFIB were discharged home more often (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided CFIB is safe, practical, and readily integrated into the G-60 service for improved @entity1 management of @entity2 . We are now conducting a prospective randomized control trial to confirm our observations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level IV.

title: Geriatric trauma G-60 falls with @entity2 : A pilot study of acute XXXX management using femoral nerve fascia iliac blocks.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 due to falls cause significant morbidity and mortality among geriatric @entity0 . A significant unmet need is an optimal @entity1 management strategy. Consequently, @entity0 are treated with standard analgesic care (SAC) regimens, which deliver high narcotic doses. However, narcotics are associated with @entity5 as well as gastrointestinal and @entity6 risks. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided continuous compartmental fascia @entity4 (CFIB) in @entity0 60 years or older with @entity2 in comparison with SAC alone. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 108 @entity0 60 years or older, with acute @entity1 secondary to hip @entity3 (2012-2013). @entity0 variables were age, sex, comorbidities, and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Primary outcome was @entity1 scores; secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, discharge disposition, morbidity, and mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using (IBM SPSS version 22). For group comparison (SAC vs. SAC + CFIB) median test, repeated-measures analysis and Student's t test of transformed @entity1 scores were used. RESULTS: Sixty-four @entity0 received SAC only, and 44 @entity0 received SAC + CFIB. Each CFIB placement was successful on first attempt without complications. Median time from emergency department arrival to block placement was 12.5 hours (interquartile range, 4-22 hours). @entity0 who received SAC + CFIB had significantly lower @entity1 score ratings than @entity0 treated with SAC alone. There were no differences in inpatient morbidity and mortality rates. @entity0 treated with SAC + CFIB were discharged home more often (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided CFIB is safe, practical, and readily integrated into the G-60 service for improved @entity1 management of @entity2 . We are now conducting a prospective randomized control trial to confirm our observations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level IV.

title: Geriatric trauma G-60 falls with XXXX : A pilot study of acute @entity1 management using femoral nerve fascia iliac blocks.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Assessment of @entity4 ) prevalence and genotype distribution is important for monitoring the impact of prophylactic HPV vaccination. This study aimed to demonstrate the HPV genotypes predominating in pre-malignant and @entity1 in Northern Ireland (NI) before the vaccination campaign has effect. METHODS: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks from 2,303 @entity0 aged 16-93 years throughout NI were collated between April 2011 and February 2013. HPV DNA was amplified by PCR and HPV genotyping undertaken using the Roche   linear array detection kit. RESULTS: In total, 1,241 out of 1,830 eligible samples (68.0%) tested positive for HPV, with the majority of these [1,181/1,830 (64.5%)] having high-risk (HR) @entity5 ; 37.4% were positive for @entity6 (n   =   684) and 5.1% for HPV-18 (n   =   93). HPV type-specific prevalence was 48.1%, 65.9%, 81.3%, 92.2% and 64.3% among @entity7 ( @entity7 ) grades I-III, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) cases, respectively. Most @entity3 cases (81.3%) had only one HPV genotype detected and almost a third (32.0%) of all cervical pathologies were HPV negative including 51.9% of @entity7 I (n   =   283), 34.1% @entity7 (n   =   145), 18.7% of @entity7 (n   =   146), 7.8% of @entity3 (n   =   5) and 35.7% of @entity2 (n   =   5) cases. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important baseline data for monitoring the effect of HPV vaccination in NI and for comparison with other UK regions. The coverage of other HR-HPV genotypes apart from 16 and 18, including HPV-45, 31, 39 and 52, and the potential for cross protection, should be considered when considering future polyvalent vaccines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: HPV prevalence and type-distribution in cervical XXXX and premalignant lesions of the cervix: A population-based study from Northern Ireland.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the combined effect of @entity9 and different @entity4 ( @entity8 , LYS; @entity6 , @entity6 ; @entity7 , LEU; and @entity2 , @entity2 ) on the solubility of @entity5 , a poorly water-soluble anti-inflammatory drug. Aqueous solubilities of @entity5 in binary and ternary systems with @entity9 and each @entity3 were determined. The pH was measured in all solubility studies and its role on drug solubility variation was evaluated. @entity0 was the most effective @entity3 in improving drug solubility and the only one which showed a synergistic effect when used in combination with @entity9 . In contrast, some reduction with respect to the theoretical drug solubility (i.e. the sum of the solubilities in the presence of cyclodextrin and @entity3 separately) was observed in ternary combinations with the other @entity4 . This occurred also in the case of @entity1 , despite the higher solubility of its ternary system in comparison with the binary cyclodextrin complex at pH 7. Phase-solubility experiments showed that the ternary system with @entity0 (pH approximately 7) exhibited a stability constant 3.6 times higher and was about 5.5 times more effective in improving drug solubility than the binary complex in buffered (pH approximately 7) aqueous solutions. These results demonstrated that the high increase in the drug solubility shown by ternary systems with @entity0 was not simply due to a favorable pH change but to multicomponent complex formation. Solid products of @entity5 with @entity9 , and/or @entity0 , prepared by different methods, were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Hot Stage Microscopy (HSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

title: Ternary systems of @entity5 with @entity9 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the combined effect of @entity9 and different @entity4 ( @entity8 , LYS; @entity6 , @entity6 ; @entity7 , LEU; and @entity2 , @entity2 ) on the solubility of @entity5 , a poorly water-soluble anti-inflammatory drug. Aqueous solubilities of @entity5 in binary and ternary systems with @entity9 and each @entity3 were determined. The pH was measured in all solubility studies and its role on drug solubility variation was evaluated. @entity0 was the most effective @entity3 in improving drug solubility and the only one which showed a synergistic effect when used in combination with @entity9 . In contrast, some reduction with respect to the theoretical drug solubility (i.e. the sum of the solubilities in the presence of cyclodextrin and @entity3 separately) was observed in ternary combinations with the other @entity4 . This occurred also in the case of @entity1 , despite the higher solubility of its ternary system in comparison with the binary cyclodextrin complex at pH 7. Phase-solubility experiments showed that the ternary system with @entity0 (pH approximately 7) exhibited a stability constant 3.6 times higher and was about 5.5 times more effective in improving drug solubility than the binary complex in buffered (pH approximately 7) aqueous solutions. These results demonstrated that the high increase in the drug solubility shown by ternary systems with @entity0 was not simply due to a favorable pH change but to multicomponent complex formation. Solid products of @entity5 with @entity9 , and/or @entity0 , prepared by different methods, were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Hot Stage Microscopy (HSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

title: Ternary systems of XXXX with @entity9 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the combined effect of @entity9 and different @entity4 ( @entity8 , LYS; @entity6 , @entity6 ; @entity7 , LEU; and @entity2 , @entity2 ) on the solubility of @entity5 , a poorly water-soluble anti-inflammatory drug. Aqueous solubilities of @entity5 in binary and ternary systems with @entity9 and each @entity3 were determined. The pH was measured in all solubility studies and its role on drug solubility variation was evaluated. @entity0 was the most effective @entity3 in improving drug solubility and the only one which showed a synergistic effect when used in combination with @entity9 . In contrast, some reduction with respect to the theoretical drug solubility (i.e. the sum of the solubilities in the presence of cyclodextrin and @entity3 separately) was observed in ternary combinations with the other @entity4 . This occurred also in the case of @entity1 , despite the higher solubility of its ternary system in comparison with the binary cyclodextrin complex at pH 7. Phase-solubility experiments showed that the ternary system with @entity0 (pH approximately 7) exhibited a stability constant 3.6 times higher and was about 5.5 times more effective in improving drug solubility than the binary complex in buffered (pH approximately 7) aqueous solutions. These results demonstrated that the high increase in the drug solubility shown by ternary systems with @entity0 was not simply due to a favorable pH change but to multicomponent complex formation. Solid products of @entity5 with @entity9 , and/or @entity0 , prepared by different methods, were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Hot Stage Microscopy (HSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

title: Ternary systems of @entity5 with XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A solid @entity1 is a rare @entity2 accounting for 1-2% of exocrine @entity2 . It is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. It is mainly seen in young @entity0 between the second and third decades of life. Although it usually has a large size at the time of diagnosis, it is considered to have low malignant potential. Solid @entity1 (SPTs) have characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features that enable it to be differentiated from other more common @entity2 . Here, we report the case of a 34-year-old pregnant @entity0 who was admitted to The Royal Hospital, Oman, with a large mass in her pancreas, which was incidentally discovered during abdominal ultrasonography. The mass was investigated further with MRI. The MRI revealed a well-defined mass related to the tail and body of the pancreas with solid and cystic components. It had a heterogeneous texture with fluid levels of different signal intensities due to the presence of blood of different ages. The cystic-solid appearance of an encapsulated lesion with characteristic signal intensity on MRI suggested the possibility of a SPT. Postoperative histopathology results confirmed the diagnosis of a SPT. In this case report, we highlight the MRI features of a SPT and discuss how to differentiate it from other cystic @entity2 to increase the awareness of clinicians to this rare @entity2 .

title: Solid XXXX in a Pregnant @entity0 : Imaging Findings and Literature Review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A solid @entity1 is a rare @entity2 accounting for 1-2% of exocrine @entity2 . It is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. It is mainly seen in young @entity0 between the second and third decades of life. Although it usually has a large size at the time of diagnosis, it is considered to have low malignant potential. Solid @entity1 (SPTs) have characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features that enable it to be differentiated from other more common @entity2 . Here, we report the case of a 34-year-old pregnant @entity0 who was admitted to The Royal Hospital, Oman, with a large mass in her pancreas, which was incidentally discovered during abdominal ultrasonography. The mass was investigated further with MRI. The MRI revealed a well-defined mass related to the tail and body of the pancreas with solid and cystic components. It had a heterogeneous texture with fluid levels of different signal intensities due to the presence of blood of different ages. The cystic-solid appearance of an encapsulated lesion with characteristic signal intensity on MRI suggested the possibility of a SPT. Postoperative histopathology results confirmed the diagnosis of a SPT. In this case report, we highlight the MRI features of a SPT and discuss how to differentiate it from other cystic @entity2 to increase the awareness of clinicians to this rare @entity2 .

title: Solid @entity1 in a Pregnant XXXX : Imaging Findings and Literature Review.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calpain, a cytosolic @entity4 -dependent proteinase, plays a pivotal role in cell injury. In this study, we investigated the effect of calpain-mu antisense oligonucleotide on oxidative stress induced- @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hemagglutinating virus of Japan liposome complex with one of three types of antisense oligonucleotide ( @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity9 ) or scramble oligonucleotide was added to the culture medium of HuH7 cells and incubated for 6 days. The expression of calpain-mu protein was examined by Western blotting. After the addition of @entity7 , bleb formation was examined by phase contrast microscopy, and cell viability was assessed by the release of @entity5 dehydrogenase. RESULTS: Incubation of HuH7 cells with @entity8 resulted in a decrease in the amount of calpain on day 4 and a further decrease to almost undetectable levels on day 6, whereas scramble oligonucleotide had no effect. Bleb formation was observed 120 min after the addition of @entity7 in scramble oligonucleotide-treated cells as in untreated cells. In contrast, it was rarely observed in @entity8 -treated cells. @entity5 dehydrogenase release was significantly suppressed in @entity8 -treated cells, compared with that in scramble oligonucleotide treated-cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that calpain activation is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1 and that transfection of calpain antisense may potentially protect against @entity0 /reperfusion @entity2 .

title: Suppression of oxidative stress-induced XXXX by calpain antisense.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed at quantifying the biomechanical features of the Sheffield Support Snood, a cervical orthosis specifically designed for @entity0 with neck @entity1 . The orthosis is designed to be adaptable to a @entity0 's level of functional limitation using adjustable removable supports, which contribute support and restrict movement only in desired anatomical planes. METHODS: The snood was evaluated along with two commercially available orthoses, the @entity2 and Headmaster, in a series of flexion, extension, axial-rotation and lateral flexion movements. Characterization was performed with twelve healthy @entity0 with and without the orthoses. Two inertial-magneto sensors, placed on the forehead and sternum, were used to quantify the neck's range of motion. FINDINGS: In its less supportive configuration, the snood was effective in limiting movements to the desired planes, preserving free movement in other planes. The Headmaster was only effective in limiting flexion. The range of motion achieved with the snood in its rigid configuration was equivalent (P>0.05, effect size<0.4) to that achieved with the @entity2 , both in trials performed reaching the maximum amplitude (range of motion reduction: 25%-34% vs 24%-47%) and at maximum speed (range of motion reduction: 24%-29% vs 25%-43%). INTERPRETATION: The Sheffield Support Snood is effectively adaptable to different tasks and, in its most supportive configuration, offers a support comparable to the @entity2 , but providing a less bulky structure. The chosen method is suitable for the assessment of range of motions while wearing neck orthoses and is easily translatable in a clinical context.

title: Assessment of the Sheffield Support Snood, an innovative cervical orthosis designed for @entity0 affected by neck XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed at quantifying the biomechanical features of the Sheffield Support Snood, a cervical orthosis specifically designed for @entity0 with neck @entity1 . The orthosis is designed to be adaptable to a @entity0 's level of functional limitation using adjustable removable supports, which contribute support and restrict movement only in desired anatomical planes. METHODS: The snood was evaluated along with two commercially available orthoses, the @entity2 and Headmaster, in a series of flexion, extension, axial-rotation and lateral flexion movements. Characterization was performed with twelve healthy @entity0 with and without the orthoses. Two inertial-magneto sensors, placed on the forehead and sternum, were used to quantify the neck's range of motion. FINDINGS: In its less supportive configuration, the snood was effective in limiting movements to the desired planes, preserving free movement in other planes. The Headmaster was only effective in limiting flexion. The range of motion achieved with the snood in its rigid configuration was equivalent (P>0.05, effect size<0.4) to that achieved with the @entity2 , both in trials performed reaching the maximum amplitude (range of motion reduction: 25%-34% vs 24%-47%) and at maximum speed (range of motion reduction: 24%-29% vs 25%-43%). INTERPRETATION: The Sheffield Support Snood is effectively adaptable to different tasks and, in its most supportive configuration, offers a support comparable to the @entity2 , but providing a less bulky structure. The chosen method is suitable for the assessment of range of motions while wearing neck orthoses and is easily translatable in a clinical context.

title: Assessment of the Sheffield Support Snood, an innovative cervical orthosis designed for XXXX affected by neck @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We developed a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) followed by donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) for treatment of chemotherapy refractory @entity1 . Although the majority of @entity0 who receive this regimen achieve lasting mixed or full allogeneic chimerism, approximately 30% show initial mixed chimerism followed by loss of the donor graft. These @entity0 recover host hematopoiesis without significant @entity5 . To assess the role of immunologic rejection in graft loss, we compared T-cell recovery and in vitro alloresponses in six @entity0 who lost their marrow graft to that in 16 concurrent @entity0 with sustained donor chimerism. @entity0 AND METHODS: Conditioning included pretransplant @entity3 (150-200 mg/kg), thymic irradiation (700 cGy), and pre- and post-transplant equine antithymocyte globulin (ATG; ATGAM). HLA-identical related donor BMT was followed by DLI at approximately day 35 in @entity0 without @entity6 . RESULTS: The group with transient chimerism showed significantly increased circulating host T-cell (median 416 cells/mm(3) vs 10 cells/mm(3), p<0.05) and @entity2 T-cell numbers (354 cells/mm(3) vs 71 cells/mm(3), p<0.05) compared to the group with stable mixed or full donor chimerism within the first 100 days post-BMT. All DLI recipients who lost chimerism following DLI had greater than 80% recipient T cells at the time of DLI, whereas those with persistent chimerism had <60% host T cells. Graft rejection was associated with the development of a sensitized anti-donor bulk cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response in 4 of 6 evaluated @entity0 , compared to only 1 of 10 evaluated @entity0 with sustained chimerism (p<0.05). Additionally, 3 of 5 evaluated transient chimeras showed high anti-donor CTL precursor frequencies in limiting dilution assays, and 3 of 4 evaluated transient chimeras showed high anti-donor @entity4 ( @entity4 )-producing T-helper (T(H)) cell frequencies. High anti-donor T(H) or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors were not detected in sustained chimeras. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that loss of chimerism in @entity0 receiving this nonmyeloablative regimen is due to immune-mediated rejection. This rejection appears to bemediated by recovering recipient cytolytic @entity2 (+) cells as well as @entity4 -producing recipient T(H) cells. These data are the first to demonstrate sensitization of recipient anti-donor @entity4 -producing cells in association with @entity0 marrow allograft rejection.

title: Early host @entity2 T-cell recovery and sensitized anti-donor XXXX -producing and cytotoxic T-cell responses associated with marrow graft rejection following nonmyeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We developed a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) followed by donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) for treatment of chemotherapy refractory @entity1 . Although the majority of @entity0 who receive this regimen achieve lasting mixed or full allogeneic chimerism, approximately 30% show initial mixed chimerism followed by loss of the donor graft. These @entity0 recover host hematopoiesis without significant @entity5 . To assess the role of immunologic rejection in graft loss, we compared T-cell recovery and in vitro alloresponses in six @entity0 who lost their marrow graft to that in 16 concurrent @entity0 with sustained donor chimerism. @entity0 AND METHODS: Conditioning included pretransplant @entity3 (150-200 mg/kg), thymic irradiation (700 cGy), and pre- and post-transplant equine antithymocyte globulin (ATG; ATGAM). HLA-identical related donor BMT was followed by DLI at approximately day 35 in @entity0 without @entity6 . RESULTS: The group with transient chimerism showed significantly increased circulating host T-cell (median 416 cells/mm(3) vs 10 cells/mm(3), p<0.05) and @entity2 T-cell numbers (354 cells/mm(3) vs 71 cells/mm(3), p<0.05) compared to the group with stable mixed or full donor chimerism within the first 100 days post-BMT. All DLI recipients who lost chimerism following DLI had greater than 80% recipient T cells at the time of DLI, whereas those with persistent chimerism had <60% host T cells. Graft rejection was associated with the development of a sensitized anti-donor bulk cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response in 4 of 6 evaluated @entity0 , compared to only 1 of 10 evaluated @entity0 with sustained chimerism (p<0.05). Additionally, 3 of 5 evaluated transient chimeras showed high anti-donor CTL precursor frequencies in limiting dilution assays, and 3 of 4 evaluated transient chimeras showed high anti-donor @entity4 ( @entity4 )-producing T-helper (T(H)) cell frequencies. High anti-donor T(H) or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors were not detected in sustained chimeras. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that loss of chimerism in @entity0 receiving this nonmyeloablative regimen is due to immune-mediated rejection. This rejection appears to bemediated by recovering recipient cytolytic @entity2 (+) cells as well as @entity4 -producing recipient T(H) cells. These data are the first to demonstrate sensitization of recipient anti-donor @entity4 -producing cells in association with @entity0 marrow allograft rejection.

title: Early host XXXX T-cell recovery and sensitized anti-donor @entity4 -producing and cytotoxic T-cell responses associated with marrow graft rejection following nonmyeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In vivo (lung resistive and viscoelastic pressures and static elastance) and in vitro (tissue resistance, elastance, and hysteresivity) respiratory mechanics were analyzed 1 and 30 days after saline (control) or @entity5 (P [10 and 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally]) injection in @entity0 . Additionally, P10 and @entity6 were treated with @entity4 (2 mg/kg intravenously) at 1 or 6 hours after @entity3 ( @entity3 ) induction. Collagen and elastic fibers were quantified. Lung resistive and viscoelastic pressures and static elastance were higher in P10 and @entity6 than in the control. Tissue elastance and resistance augmented from control to P10 (1 and 30 days) and @entity6 . Hysteresivity increased in only @entity6 . @entity4 at 1 or 6 hours attenuated in vivo and in vitro mechanical changes in @entity6 , whereas P10 parameters were similar to the control. Collagen increment was dose and time dependent. Elastic fibers increased in @entity6 and at 30 days in P10. @entity1 prevented collagen increment and avoided elastogenesis. In conclusion, @entity4 led to a complete maintenance of in vivo and in vitro respiratory mechanics in mild lesion, whereas it minimized the changes in tissue impedance and extracellular matrix in severe @entity3 . The beneficial effects of the early use of @entity2 in @entity3 remained unaltered at Day 30.

title: Effect of corticosteroid on lung parenchyma remodeling at an early phase of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study evaluated the remote @entity1 preconditioning (R-IPC) early and late repercussion on fresh ovarian transplants, aiming to assess a probable protective effect in ovarian follicular pool. Sixty @entity0 @entity3 @entity0 were used, divided in 2 study groups: ovarian transplantation (Tx) and Tx + R-IPC, submitted to ovary transplant with or without R-IPC, respectively. These groups were subdivided according to the date for euthanasia: 4th, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th days of the postoperatory period. Morphology, morphometry, neoangiogenesis ( @entity2 [ @entity2 ]), proliferative activity (Ki-67), and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) were evaluated. Remote @entity1 preconditioning was performed in the common iliac artery. Fresh autologous ovarian tissue was implanted integrally in the retroperitoneum. All animals showed resumption of estrous phase after ovary transplantation. Remote @entity1 preconditioning attenuated the lesions progressively from the 7th day, with greater number of the immature follicles (14 days, P < .05), but didn't affect mature follicles and corpora lutea (P > .05). Immunohistochemical analyzes, taken as a whole, show that R-IPC benefic effect is more evident in the later periods of evaluation, when a greater proliferative activity (14, 21, and 30 days, P < .05) and lesser cell apoptotic activity (21 and 30 days, P < .05). The @entity2 expression was similar in all times (P > .05). Remote @entity1 preconditioning could have a benefic effect in the progressive evaluation of freshly grafted ovarian, especially on the latest phases of the posttransplant period. The 14th day was a landmark in the recuperation of the graft. Further investigations are necessary to determine the role of R-IPC in this scenario and its effect in frozen-thawed ovarian tissue.

title: Progressive Evaluation of Apoptosis, Proliferation, and Angiogenesis in Fresh XXXX Ovarian Autografts Under Remote Ischemic Preconditioning.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate remission rates and therapeutic strategies in the routine care of early @entity1 . METHODS: Between 2010 and 2013, a  total of 1,301  @entity0 with early @entity3 were followed by 89 rheumatologists for up to 2  years in an early @entity3 cohort (CAPEA). Complete 2-year data are available for 669 @entity0 with @entity1 . RESULTS: Ninety-three percent of @entity0 were diagnosed with a moderate or high disease activity score (DAS28 >  3.2). Within 6  months, 40   % were in clinical remission (DAS28 <  2.6) and 21   % reached a low disease activity score (DAS28 >  2.6 to <  3.2). This proportion did not substantially increase during the 2-year follow-up. @entity4 was the standard first-line treatment in 82   % of @entity0 . During follow-up, 10   % were treated with a  combination of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and 12   % with biological agents. In 60   % of the @entity0 who did not reach remission within 3  months (and 54   % of @entity0 without remission by 6  months), treatment was not changed. At the beginning, 77   % of @entity0 were treated with glucocorticoids at different starting doses (26   % <  7.5  mg, 29   % 7.5-20  mg, and 45   % >=   20  mg of @entity2 per day). After 2  years, 47   % remained on glucocorticoids. CONCLUSION: While 40   % of @entity0 achieved clinical remission through standard care within 6  months, disease activity remained moderate to high in 37   % of @entity0 at 2  years. In these @entity0 a more consistent application of treatment may have increased the response rates.

title: [Clinical remission in @entity1 : Data from the early XXXX cohort study CAPEA].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate remission rates and therapeutic strategies in the routine care of early @entity1 . METHODS: Between 2010 and 2013, a  total of 1,301  @entity0 with early @entity3 were followed by 89 rheumatologists for up to 2  years in an early @entity3 cohort (CAPEA). Complete 2-year data are available for 669 @entity0 with @entity1 . RESULTS: Ninety-three percent of @entity0 were diagnosed with a moderate or high disease activity score (DAS28 >  3.2). Within 6  months, 40   % were in clinical remission (DAS28 <  2.6) and 21   % reached a low disease activity score (DAS28 >  2.6 to <  3.2). This proportion did not substantially increase during the 2-year follow-up. @entity4 was the standard first-line treatment in 82   % of @entity0 . During follow-up, 10   % were treated with a  combination of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and 12   % with biological agents. In 60   % of the @entity0 who did not reach remission within 3  months (and 54   % of @entity0 without remission by 6  months), treatment was not changed. At the beginning, 77   % of @entity0 were treated with glucocorticoids at different starting doses (26   % <  7.5  mg, 29   % 7.5-20  mg, and 45   % >=   20  mg of @entity2 per day). After 2  years, 47   % remained on glucocorticoids. CONCLUSION: While 40   % of @entity0 achieved clinical remission through standard care within 6  months, disease activity remained moderate to high in 37   % of @entity0 at 2  years. In these @entity0 a more consistent application of treatment may have increased the response rates.

title: [Clinical remission in XXXX : Data from the early @entity3 cohort study CAPEA].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Vertebrate mesoderm and endoderm formation requires signaling by Nodal-related ligands from the TGFb superfamily. The factors that initiate Nodal-related gene transcription are unknown in most species and the relative contributions of Nodal-related ligands from embryonic, extraembryonic and maternal sources remain uncertain. In @entity1 , signals from the yolk syncytial layer (YSL), an extraembryonic domain, are required for mesoderm and endoderm induction, and YSL expression of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity2 accounts for a portion of this activity. A variable requirement of maternally derived @entity4 for dorsal and anterior @entity0 formation has also been documented. Here we show that @entity5 directly activates expression of @entity2 via binding to its first intron and is required for @entity2 expression in the YSL. @entity5 is also required for the Nodal signaling-independent expression component of the @entity3 (ntla) gene, which is required for posterior (tail) mesoderm formation. Therefore, @entity5 defines a new pathway upstream of Nodal signaling and posterior mesoderm formation. We further show that the co-disruption of extraembryonic @entity2 , extraembryonic @entity4 and maternal @entity4 eliminates endoderm and anterior (head and trunk) mesoderm, recapitulating the loss of Nodal signaling phenotype. Therefore, non-embryonic sources of Nodal-related ligands account for the complete spectrum of early Nodal signaling requirements. In summary, the induction of mesoderm and endoderm depends upon the combined actions of @entity5 and Nodal-related ligands from non-embryonic sources.

title: Embryonic mesoderm and endoderm induction requires the actions of non-embryonic Nodal-related ligands and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A ten-year follow-up study of 382 @entity1 with Stage I (T1N0M0) @entity0 revealed @entity4 due to @entity2 in 16% of the @entity1 . Among 134 @entity1 (35%) with a primary @entity2 1.0 cm or less in diameter (Group A), 7% had recurrences and 5% died of @entity0 . Recurrences were observed in 21% of the 248 @entity1 with a @entity2 1.1-2.0 cm in diameter (Group B), and 15% died of disease. These differences in recurrence and mortality rates were statistically significant. All recurrences were due to infiltrating @entity5 which accounted for 91% of the 382 @entity3 . Most strongly linked to recurrence was the finding of @entity2 emboli in lymphatics of the breast. This was found in 23 Group B @entity1 and ten of them (43%) died of disease. No recurrences were observed among the seven Group A @entity1 with lymphatic emboli. Other features associated with a significantly increased risk of recurrence were poorly differentiated @entity3 , marked @entity2 , and menarche before age 12 years or after age 14 years. No combination of variables proved to identify a subset of @entity1 with an especially increased or low risk of recurrence. Stage I @entity1 with @entity2 in the breast surrounding a @entity3 1.1-2.0 cm in diameter have a sufficient risk for recurrence to warrant consideration of adjuvant systemic therapy. A very low risk of recurrence was observed for the following: any @entity2 1.0 cm or smaller; and tubular, medullary or @entity6 up to 2.0 cm.

title: Predictors of recurrence in stage I (T1N0M0) XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A bioassay of the tuberculostatic drug @entity6 for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to Fischer 344 @entity2 and B6C3F1 @entity1 . Groups of 35 @entity2 and 35 @entity1 of each sex were administered @entity6 at one of two doses, either 5,000 or 10,000 ppm, for 78 weeks, and then observed for an additional 26 or 27 weeks. Matched controls consisted of groups of 15 untreated @entity2 and 15 untreated @entity1 of each sex. High-dose male @entity1 died or were killed by week 92; all other surviving animals were killed at weeks 104 or 105. Mean body weights of the dosed male @entity2 were slightly lower than those of the matched controls, while mean body weights of the dosed females were more nearly comparable to those of the controls. A sufficient number of @entity2 in each group was at risk to termination of the study at weeks 104-105 for the development of late-appearing @entity0 . In @entity1 , administration of @entity6 had no consistent effect on mean body weights. Survival to termination of the study was low, particularly among the control groups. In @entity2 , no lesions could clearly be related to administration of the chemical. In @entity1 , interstitial and suppurative @entity4 in the dosed animals and @entity5 in both dosed and matched control @entity1 of each sex were associated with increased deaths. In the females, there was a significant positive dose-related trend (P=0.037) in the incidence of @entity3 (matched controls 0/13, low-dose 2/25, high-dose 6/29); however, the incidences in each of the dosed groups were not significant when compared with that in the matched controls. In addition, the poor survival and the small size of the control group precluded making a clear association of the incidence of these @entity0 with administration of the chemical. It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, the early deaths and small size of the control group precluded a conclusion regarding the carcinogenicity of @entity6 in female B6C3F1 @entity1 . @entity6 was not carcinogenic for Fischer 344 @entity2 or for male @entity1 .

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

answer: @entity6


abstract: A bioassay of the carcinogenicity of technical-grade @entity5 was conducted using Osborne-Mendel @entity2 and B6C3F1 @entity1 . The test material was administered in feed to groups of 50 @entity2 of each sex at either of two concentrations for 80 weeks, followed by 35 weeks of observation. Initial doses were not well tolerated; therefore, they were reduced during the study. The "time-weighted average doses" for @entity2 were 155 and 310 ppm for males and 192 and 384 ppm for females. All surviving @entity2 were killed between 113 and 115 weeks. @entity5 was administered in feed to groups of 50 male and 50 female @entity1 at two concentrations. Female @entity1 received diets containing 200 and 500 ppm of @entity5 for 80 weeks; male @entity1 received the same dosage. However, high-dose males were returned to the control diet at 60 weeks, and low-dose males at 69 weeks. All surviving @entity1 were killed between 93 and 94 weeks. @entity4 and hyperexcitability, both indications of @entity5 @entity3 , were observed in the treated animals. However, it is considered that the low-dose group of @entity2 and both dose groups of @entity1 survived long enough to permit an evaluation of carcinogenicity. Pathologic evaluation revealed no statistically significant increase in @entity0 associated with @entity5 treatment in either species of animal, and it is concluded that there was no carcinogenic effect under the conditions of the experiment.

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A bioassay of @entity3 for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to Fischer 344 @entity2 and B6C3F1 @entity1 . Groups of 35 @entity2 and 35 @entity1 of each sex were administered @entity3 at one of the following doses, either 15,000 or 30,000 ppm for the @entity2 , and either 25,000 or 50,000 ppm for the @entity1 , 5 days per week for 78 weeks, then observed for an additional 26-27 weeks. Matched controls consisted of groups of 15 @entity2 and 15 @entity1 of each sex; pooled controls, used for statistical evaluation, consisted of the matched controls combined with 15 untreated male and 15 untreated female animals of each species from a similar bioassay of another test chemical Except for the matched-control male @entity1 , all surviving animals in the study were killed at 104-106 weeks. Half of the matched-control male @entity1 , which were accidentally killed at week 12, were excluded from the report; the remaining matched-control males died by week 94. Mean body weights of the low-and high-dose male and high-dose female @entity2 were lower than those of the corresponding matched controls for the duration of the study. The weights of the low-dose females were similar to those of the matched controls for the first 45 weeks, after which they declined slightly. The weights of the low-dose male @entity1 were similar to those of the matched controls, while those of the high-dose males and of the low-and high-dose females were slightly lower. Survival of both treated and matched-control groups of @entity2 of both sexes was high; survival of treated @entity1 of both sexes and of female matched controls, although lower than that of the @entity2 , was sufficient for meaningful statistical analyses of the incidences of @entity0 . In @entity2 , a variety of @entity0 were observed in both treated and control animals. Few @entity0 were found, and no @entity0 occurred in treated animals in statistically significant incidences when compared with control animals. In @entity1 , a variety of @entity0 were observed in both treated and control animals. These @entity0 are not uncommon in this strain of @entity1 , and none occurred in treated animals in statistically significant incidences when compared with control animals. It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, @entity3 was not carcinogenic for either Fischer 344 @entity2 or B6C3F1 @entity1 .

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 -glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are critical for the metabolism and clearance of drugs, chemicals, and hormones. The development of @entity4 and 1A6 was studied in 50 pediatric liver samples using @entity1 , @entity2 activity assays, and Western blot as well as pharmacokinetic scaling. UGT activity developed age dependently in pediatric liver. Maximal activity of 0.7690 nmol    min    (-1) mg protein(-1) was observed for @entity4 at 3.8 months. For @entity5 , activity matured at 14 months (4.737 nmol    min    (-1)mg protein(-1)). Protein expression was not age-dependent, and activities did not correlate to protein levels for either enzyme. The in vitro activities were used to calculate normalized hepatic clearances using both allometric scaling and a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. For @entity4 , allometry predicted normalized adult clearances of 0.0070 l    h(-1)    kg(-1) at 3.0 (well stirred) and 2.8 years (parallel tube), whereas the Simcyp model showed normalized clearances of 0.0079 l    h(-1)    kg(-1) at 2.6 (well stirred) and 2.5 years (parallel tube). For @entity5 , only the Simcyp well stirred model converged at 0.3524 l    h(-1)    kg(-1) at 12.6 months. These data imply independent regulation of @entity4 and 1A6 where activity has matured after 6 months to 1 year. Total hepatic clearance of substances mediated by these enzymes may mature concurrently or take longer because of other physiological factors. Late development of UGT enzymes may contribute to chemical, drug, and environmental @entity0 .

title: The development of XXXX -glucuronosyltransferases 1A1 and 1A6 in the pediatric liver.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the radiographic findings in @entity2 of the hip is widening of the joint space between the femoral head and the acetabulum, although the cause and sequelae of the widening are unclear. METHODS: Between May 1991 and June 2005, twenty-one @entity0 with @entity2 of the hip were treated with open @entity1 . Joint space widening was assessed on radiographs made preoperatively, immediately after surgery, and at the time of follow-up. The changes of the radiographic joint space width were evaluated during the mean follow-up period of 5.9 years (range, 2.3 to 12.3 years). RESULTS: Twelve @entity0 had joint space widening on preoperative radiographs of the hip. Medial joint space widening was seen in three @entity0 , and both medial and superior joint space widening was evident in nine @entity0 . Compared with the medial and superior joint spaces in the unaffected, contralateral hip, those in the affected hip were wider by an average of 44.7% and 35.9%, respectively. The medial joint space widths of the affected hip decreased slightly during the early postoperative period; however, widened joint spaces were persistent at the final follow-up visit, without other important changes. The superior joint space widths did not show substantial changes throughout the postoperative follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Joint space widening is a recognized radiographic finding in primary @entity2 of the hip. Although there was persistence of joint space widening after synovectomy in all @entity0 , this joint space widening did not influence the clinical results at the time of follow-up.

title: Joint space widening in XXXX of the hip.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous manifestations of @entity3 are rare, polymorphic, and occur at various stages of the disease. CASE REPORTS: Case 1. A 60 year-old @entity0 , 6 months after the initial diagnosis of a @entity3 , developed a right latero-thoracic subcutaneous nodule. The lesion resulted from an inoculation of tumoral cells to the wall at the time of the initial thoracoscopy. No specific treatment was proposed. Case 2. A 62 year-old @entity0 , with a history of @entity3 developed an inflammatory layer of the left chest wall. The lesion, laid out like an hemi-belt, was centred by the thoracotomy scar and was associated with retraction phenomena of the thoracic wall. The lesion corresponded to a direct extension of the mesothelioma to the wall. At the same time, the @entity2 was progressing. The @entity0 died a few weeks later. COMMENTS: Cutaneous manifestations usually occur when the diagnosis of primitive @entity1 has been already established. Distant cutaneous metastases are exceptional and involve with predilection the cephalic extremity. The majority of cutaneous lesions are distributed near the tumoral site and represent either a direct extension of the @entity1 to the thoracic wall, or a malignant seeding by diffusion of the pleural fluid at the time of the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

title: [Cutaneous metastasis of XXXX : two cases].

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Histological subtype is an established prognostic factor in malignant @entity1 (MPM). We retrospectively investigated the accuracy of classifying histological subtype on diagnostic biopsies and examined the impact of different diagnostic procedures on the outcome. METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 with histologically confirmed MPM who underwent extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) from 1994 to 2009 were included. @entity0 records were reviewed, and the initial diagnoses of histological subtype were obtained. The archival EPP specimens were reviewed by a panel of pathologists. The histological subtype obtained at review was compared with the initial diagnosis. RESULTS: Eighty-five @entity0 underwent EPP. Two @entity0 achieved a pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, leaving 83 @entity0 to be included in this review. Different diagnostic methods were used before EPP: 81% thoracoscopy; 7% thoracotomy; 11% computed tomography-guided procedure; and 1% other. @entity0 determined to have an epithelial subtype (n = 64) at EPP were diagnosed correctly at initial diagnostic biopsy in 84% of cases, whereas @entity0 considered to have a biphasic subtype (n = 19) at EPP were diagnosed correctly at diagnostic biopsy in 26% of cases. The sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic biopsy for epithelial MPM was 93% and 31%, respectively. The overall subtype misclassification rate was 20%. Biopsy by thoracotomy was most accurate in subtype classification (83%) compared with thoracoscopy (74%) and computed tomography-guided procedure (44%). CONCLUSIONS: The determination of histological subtype from a diagnostic biopsy is difficult due to sampling error, but an adequate specimen obtained from surgical biopsy increases the accuracy of subtype classification compared with radiological-guided biopsies.

title: Accuracy of diagnostic biopsy for the histological subtype of malignant XXXX .

answer: @entity1