abstract: From 1982 to 1992, 25 @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were admitted with 20 undergoing surgery. Etiology included @entity3 56% (14/25), @entity6 36% (9/25), 14 of them were smokers. @entity4 or occlusion of the left subclavian artery were found in 14, the right in 7, and bilateral in 4. 14 cases had vertigo symptoms, 24 cases had @entity2 of the arm, 9 of them complained @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Carotid to subclavian bypass were performed for 15 cases. Two @entity0 underwent axilloaxillary bypass with evidence of both clinical and laboratory improvement. Aorta-Carotid graft bypass was done in 2 cases with good result in one. PTA was done for a @entity0 with innominate severe @entity4 but symptom recurred three months later. Symptoms of the upper extremity @entity1 were relieved in 75% of the @entity0 , and of the @entity1 in 50%. Our conclusion is that surgical therapy remains the treatment of choice in symptomatic @entity0 .

title: [ XXXX : a report of 25 cases].

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: @entity12 ( @entity12 ) is a @entity5 (+)-mediated autoimmune pathology of the central nervous system (CNS) that is used as a model for the study of the @entity0 @entity4 , @entity1 . During the development of @entity12 , auto-reactive @entity7 and Th17 @entity5 (+) T cells infiltrate the CNS promoting inflammatory cells recruitment, focal @entity3 and tissue destruction. In this sense, @entity13 , agents used to lower lipid levels, have recently shown to exert interesting immunomodulatory function. In fact, @entity13 promote a bias towards a Th2 response, which ameliorates the clinical outcome of @entity12 . Additionally, @entity10 can inhibit Th17 differentiation. However, many other effects exerted on the immune system by @entity13 have yet to be clarified, in particular during neuroinflammation. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of @entity10 on the development of experimental autoimmune @entity8 . METHODS: @entity2 were immunized with MOG35-55 and @entity12 severity was assessed daily and scored using a clinical scale. Cytokine secretion by mononuclear cells infiltrating the CNS was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS: @entity10 (5  mg/kg/day) improved clinical outcome, induced an increase in @entity9 mRNA expression and inhibited @entity6 , IL-12p40, IL-12p70, @entity11 and @entity14 secretion (p  <  0.05). This was accompanied by a significant decrease in CNS inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration, with reduced frequencies of both @entity7 and Th17 cells. @entity10 inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocytes co-cultured with primary microglial cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 treatment promotes @entity12 clinical amelioration by inhibiting T cell proliferation and CNS infiltration by pathogenic @entity7 and Th17 cells.

title: @entity10 ameliorates experimental autoimmune XXXX by inhibiting @entity7 /Th17 response and cellular infiltration.

answer: @entity8


abstract: AIM: @entity12 ( @entity12 ) is a @entity5 (+)-mediated autoimmune pathology of the central nervous system (CNS) that is used as a model for the study of the @entity0 @entity4 , @entity1 . During the development of @entity12 , auto-reactive @entity7 and Th17 @entity5 (+) T cells infiltrate the CNS promoting inflammatory cells recruitment, focal @entity3 and tissue destruction. In this sense, @entity13 , agents used to lower lipid levels, have recently shown to exert interesting immunomodulatory function. In fact, @entity13 promote a bias towards a Th2 response, which ameliorates the clinical outcome of @entity12 . Additionally, @entity10 can inhibit Th17 differentiation. However, many other effects exerted on the immune system by @entity13 have yet to be clarified, in particular during neuroinflammation. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of @entity10 on the development of experimental autoimmune @entity8 . METHODS: @entity2 were immunized with MOG35-55 and @entity12 severity was assessed daily and scored using a clinical scale. Cytokine secretion by mononuclear cells infiltrating the CNS was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS: @entity10 (5  mg/kg/day) improved clinical outcome, induced an increase in @entity9 mRNA expression and inhibited @entity6 , IL-12p40, IL-12p70, @entity11 and @entity14 secretion (p  <  0.05). This was accompanied by a significant decrease in CNS inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration, with reduced frequencies of both @entity7 and Th17 cells. @entity10 inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocytes co-cultured with primary microglial cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 treatment promotes @entity12 clinical amelioration by inhibiting T cell proliferation and CNS infiltration by pathogenic @entity7 and Th17 cells.

title: XXXX ameliorates experimental autoimmune @entity8 by inhibiting @entity7 /Th17 response and cellular infiltration.

answer: @entity10


abstract: AIM: @entity12 ( @entity12 ) is a @entity5 (+)-mediated autoimmune pathology of the central nervous system (CNS) that is used as a model for the study of the @entity0 @entity4 , @entity1 . During the development of @entity12 , auto-reactive @entity7 and Th17 @entity5 (+) T cells infiltrate the CNS promoting inflammatory cells recruitment, focal @entity3 and tissue destruction. In this sense, @entity13 , agents used to lower lipid levels, have recently shown to exert interesting immunomodulatory function. In fact, @entity13 promote a bias towards a Th2 response, which ameliorates the clinical outcome of @entity12 . Additionally, @entity10 can inhibit Th17 differentiation. However, many other effects exerted on the immune system by @entity13 have yet to be clarified, in particular during neuroinflammation. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of @entity10 on the development of experimental autoimmune @entity8 . METHODS: @entity2 were immunized with MOG35-55 and @entity12 severity was assessed daily and scored using a clinical scale. Cytokine secretion by mononuclear cells infiltrating the CNS was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS: @entity10 (5  mg/kg/day) improved clinical outcome, induced an increase in @entity9 mRNA expression and inhibited @entity6 , IL-12p40, IL-12p70, @entity11 and @entity14 secretion (p  <  0.05). This was accompanied by a significant decrease in CNS inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration, with reduced frequencies of both @entity7 and Th17 cells. @entity10 inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocytes co-cultured with primary microglial cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 treatment promotes @entity12 clinical amelioration by inhibiting T cell proliferation and CNS infiltration by pathogenic @entity7 and Th17 cells.

title: @entity10 ameliorates experimental autoimmune @entity8 by inhibiting XXXX /Th17 response and cellular infiltration.

answer: @entity7


abstract: AIM: Professional soccer players are subjected to substantial physical loads during competitive seasons. We aimed to explore the changes induced by a soccer match on @entity1 and @entity0 biomarkers, and their relationship with @entity6 parameters. METHODS: Twenty young male professional in-field soccer players from an Italian Serie A team (age 17-20 years, weight 73.0  7.0 kg, height 1.81  0.05m) played a 90-minute soccer match. Players' distances and velocities were recorded during the match. Before the match and 30 minutes, 24 and 48 hours after the match, blood samples were drawn and a full blood cell count was determined, along with serum @entity5 kinase (CK), @entity3 (hsIL-6), @entity4 and @entity2 . At the same time intervals, counter-movement jump (CMJ) performance was recorded. RESULTS: The players covered fewer meters at low velocities in the second period while the meters covered at higher intensity remained unchanged. CMJ height was lower at all post-game time-points compared to the pre-game measurement. Immediately after the match, CK, hs-IL6 and neutrophil counts were elevated. 24 and 48 hours after the match, CK and neutrophil counts remained significantly elevated. The distance covered during the game was found to be correlated with the values for post-match hsIL-6 (  =0.521, p=0.027), post 24-hour @entity4 (r=0.502, p=0.034) and the increase in @entity4 at 48 hours with respect to pre-match values (r=0.515, p=0.029). CONCLUSION: A soccer match provokes a transient systemic imbalance that results in @entity1 and inflammatory and performance- related parameter changes. HsIL-6 and @entity4 could be used to monitor recovery processes and as @entity6 markers, even for short time periods.

title: Changes in XXXX , @entity0 , and @entity6 -related parameters in young elite soccer players after a match.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: Professional soccer players are subjected to substantial physical loads during competitive seasons. We aimed to explore the changes induced by a soccer match on @entity1 and @entity0 biomarkers, and their relationship with @entity6 parameters. METHODS: Twenty young male professional in-field soccer players from an Italian Serie A team (age 17-20 years, weight 73.0  7.0 kg, height 1.81  0.05m) played a 90-minute soccer match. Players' distances and velocities were recorded during the match. Before the match and 30 minutes, 24 and 48 hours after the match, blood samples were drawn and a full blood cell count was determined, along with serum @entity5 kinase (CK), @entity3 (hsIL-6), @entity4 and @entity2 . At the same time intervals, counter-movement jump (CMJ) performance was recorded. RESULTS: The players covered fewer meters at low velocities in the second period while the meters covered at higher intensity remained unchanged. CMJ height was lower at all post-game time-points compared to the pre-game measurement. Immediately after the match, CK, hs-IL6 and neutrophil counts were elevated. 24 and 48 hours after the match, CK and neutrophil counts remained significantly elevated. The distance covered during the game was found to be correlated with the values for post-match hsIL-6 (  =0.521, p=0.027), post 24-hour @entity4 (r=0.502, p=0.034) and the increase in @entity4 at 48 hours with respect to pre-match values (r=0.515, p=0.029). CONCLUSION: A soccer match provokes a transient systemic imbalance that results in @entity1 and inflammatory and performance- related parameter changes. HsIL-6 and @entity4 could be used to monitor recovery processes and as @entity6 markers, even for short time periods.

title: Changes in @entity1 , @entity0 , and XXXX -related parameters in young elite soccer players after a match.

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIM: Professional soccer players are subjected to substantial physical loads during competitive seasons. We aimed to explore the changes induced by a soccer match on @entity1 and @entity0 biomarkers, and their relationship with @entity6 parameters. METHODS: Twenty young male professional in-field soccer players from an Italian Serie A team (age 17-20 years, weight 73.0  7.0 kg, height 1.81  0.05m) played a 90-minute soccer match. Players' distances and velocities were recorded during the match. Before the match and 30 minutes, 24 and 48 hours after the match, blood samples were drawn and a full blood cell count was determined, along with serum @entity5 kinase (CK), @entity3 (hsIL-6), @entity4 and @entity2 . At the same time intervals, counter-movement jump (CMJ) performance was recorded. RESULTS: The players covered fewer meters at low velocities in the second period while the meters covered at higher intensity remained unchanged. CMJ height was lower at all post-game time-points compared to the pre-game measurement. Immediately after the match, CK, hs-IL6 and neutrophil counts were elevated. 24 and 48 hours after the match, CK and neutrophil counts remained significantly elevated. The distance covered during the game was found to be correlated with the values for post-match hsIL-6 (  =0.521, p=0.027), post 24-hour @entity4 (r=0.502, p=0.034) and the increase in @entity4 at 48 hours with respect to pre-match values (r=0.515, p=0.029). CONCLUSION: A soccer match provokes a transient systemic imbalance that results in @entity1 and inflammatory and performance- related parameter changes. HsIL-6 and @entity4 could be used to monitor recovery processes and as @entity6 markers, even for short time periods.

title: Changes in @entity1 , XXXX , and @entity6 -related parameters in young elite soccer players after a match.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of this work is to study the causes of early and late in-hospital mortality of @entity2 , to define elements of prognosis and to attempt to prevent the fatal outcome of the @entity1 . This study concerns 107 @entity0 and 33 @entity0 , between the ages of 30 and 83 years (mean age 62.8 years). The total mortality is 12% (early: 6.5%, late: 5.5%. 66% of the @entity0 are over 60 and 45% present 3 or more coronary risks factors. The clinical picture is characterized by frequent initial complications (84% of the cases), dominated by hemodynamic failure. The @entity3 is most of the time located anteriorly (56.6% of the cases). Primary @entity4 represents the main cause of early mortality (55.3%). A recurrent @entity3 represents 75% of the causes of late deaths. Tri-vessels involvement and alteration of the ventricular function are noted in 9 out of 14 coronary arteriograms. Prognosis factors are proposed to differentiate high risk @entity0 requiring an early coronary arteriogram in view of a specific medical and/or surgical treatment. The best signs of a poor prognosis are: tri-vessels involvement and alteration of the ventricular function.

title: [Early and late hospital mortality in XXXX . Causes and prognostic factors. Apropos of 140 cases].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Risk models and scores have been developed to predict incidence of @entity3 2 @entity1 in Western populations, but their performance may differ when applied to non-Western populations. We developed and validated a risk score for predicting 3-year incidence of @entity3 2 @entity1 in a Japanese population. METHODS: @entity0 were 37,416 @entity0 and @entity0 , aged 30 or older, who received periodic health checkup in 2008-2009 in eight companies. @entity1 was defined as fasting plasma @entity4 (FPG) >= 126 mg/dl, random plasma @entity4 >= 200 mg/dl, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) >= 6.5%, or receiving medical treatment for @entity1 . Risk scores on non-invasive and invasive models including FPG and HbA1c were developed using logistic regression in a derivation cohort and validated in the remaining cohort. RESULTS: The area under the curve (AUC) for the non-invasive model including age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, @entity2 , and smoking status was 0.717 (95% CI, 0.703-0.731). In the invasive model in which both FPG and HbA1c were added to the non-invasive model, AUC was increased to 0.893 (95% CI, 0.883-0.902). When the risk scores were applied to the validation cohort, AUCs (95% CI) for the non-invasive and invasive model were 0.734 (0.715-0.753) and 0.882 (0.868-0.895), respectively. @entity0 with a non-invasive score of >= 15 and invasive score of >= 19 were projected to have >20% and >50% risk, respectively, of developing @entity3 2 @entity1 within 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: The simple risk score of the non-invasive model might be useful for predicting @entity5 , and its predictive performance may be markedly improved by incorporating FPG and HbA1c.

title: Development of Risk Score for Predicting 3-Year Incidence of XXXX : Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The working hypothesis was that the amount of increase in secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) that results from positive feedback of @entity0 (E2) is dependent on season of the year in mature @entity1 females. Seven beef @entity1 , ovariectomized approximately 2 mo before the initiation of the experiment, were used in the initial year (1983) of the study. Three of the ovariectomized @entity1 (OVX-E2) received an sc E2 implant, which provided low circulating levels of E2. The remaining four @entity1 (OVX) were not implanted. Blood samples were collected serially (at 10-min intervals for 6 h) at each spring and fall equinox and at each summer and winter solstice. This protocol was replicated with a different group of @entity1 in 1985 (OVX-E2, n = 4; OVX, n = 6). Concentration of LH in blood serum was quantified in all samples. Concentration of E2 in blood serum was measured in pools of samples from each serial blood collection. Concentrations of E2 were higher (P less than .05) in the implanted @entity1 . Mean concentration of LH and amplitude of pulses of LH were higher (P less than .05) at each season of the year in @entity1 that were ovariectomized and implanted with E2 than in @entity1 that were ovariectomized and did not receive E2. An effect of season of the year on mean concentration of LH was detected (P less than .01). No influence of season or E2 was detected for frequency of pulses of LH. There was no significant treatment X season interaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Feedback of XXXX on secretion of luteinizing hormone during different seasons of the year.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite limitations of routine methods, Clinical Practice Guidelines support the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) and @entity3 in renal transplant recipients. Changes in fat mass also occur post-transplantation, although they are traditionally difficult to measure accurately. We report the feasibility, convenience and accuracy of measuring the above 3 parameters using a novel CT protocol. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 64 first renal allograft recipients ( @entity2   >   30  ml/min/1.73  m(2)). Quantitative CT (QCT) BMD analysis was conducted using CT lumbar spine (GE Medical Systems Lightspeed VCT _ Mindways QCT Pro Bone Mineral Densitometry System Version 4.2.3) to calculate spinal volumetric BMD and compared with standard DXA calculated areal BMD at the spine, hip and distal forearm. @entity4 was assessed by semi-quantitative @entity4 Index (ACI) method and compared with lateral lumbar x-ray Kappuila score and pulse wave velocity ( @entity1 ). Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volume (Osirix 16 Ver 3.7.1) was compared with BMI. RESULTS: @entity0 were 61  % male, had a mean age of 47  years, median ESKD duration of 5.4  years and a mean @entity2 of 54  ml/min. iDXA median T-score at proximal femur was -1.2 and at lumbar spine was -0.2. Median QCT Trabecular T-score at lumbar spine was -1.2. The percent of subjects with a T-score of <2.5 by site and method was DXA Proximal Femur: 7  %, DXA distal radius: 17  %, DXA spine: 9  %, QCT (American College of Radiology cutoffs): 9  %. CT derived ACI correlated with @entity1 (r   =   0.29, p   =   0.02), pulse wave pressure (r   =   0.51, p   <   0.001), QCT Trabecular (-0.31, p   =   0.01) and cortical volumetric BMD and history of cardiovascular events (Mann-Whitney U, p   =   0.02). Both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue correlated with BMI (r   =   0.63 _ 0.64, p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Single CT scan triple assessment of BMD, @entity3 and body composition is an efficient, accurate and convenient method of risk factor monitoring post renal transplantation.

title: Comparison of single CT scan assessment of bone mineral density, XXXX and fat mass with standard clinical measurements in renal transplant subjects: the ABC HeART study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To improve early diagnosis of @entity3 to aid clinical decision-making. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is sensitive to water diffusion throughout tissues, which correlates with Gleason score, a histological measure of @entity3 @entity2 . In this study the ability of DW-MRI to @entity3 onset and development was evaluated in transgenic @entity4 of the @entity1 prostate ( @entity5 ) @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: T2 -weighted and DW-MRI were acquired using a 7T MR scanner, 200   mm bore diameter; 10 @entity5 and 6 C57BL/6 control @entity1 were scanned every 4 weeks from 8 weeks of age until sacrifice at 28-30 weeks. After sacrifice, the genitourinary tract was excised and sectioned for histological analysis. Histology slides registered with DW-MR images allowed for validation of DW-MR images and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as tools for @entity0 detection and disease stratification. An automated early assessment tool based on ADC threshold values was developed to aid @entity0 detection and progression monitoring. RESULTS: The ADC differentiated between control prostate ((1.86        0.20)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) and normal @entity5 prostate ((1.38        0.10)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.0001), between @entity5 prostate and well-differentiated @entity0 ((0.93        0.18)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.0006), and between well-differentiated @entity0 and poorly differentiated @entity0 ((0.63        0.06)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.02). CONCLUSION: DW-MRI is a tool for early detection of @entity0 , and discrimination between @entity0 stages in the @entity5 model. The incorporation of DW-MRI-based @entity3 stratification and monitoring could increase the accuracy of preclinical trials using @entity5 @entity1 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1207-1217.

title: Diffusion-weighted MRI for early detection and characterization of XXXX in the transgenic @entity4 of the @entity1 prostate model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To improve early diagnosis of @entity3 to aid clinical decision-making. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is sensitive to water diffusion throughout tissues, which correlates with Gleason score, a histological measure of @entity3 @entity2 . In this study the ability of DW-MRI to @entity3 onset and development was evaluated in transgenic @entity4 of the @entity1 prostate ( @entity5 ) @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: T2 -weighted and DW-MRI were acquired using a 7T MR scanner, 200   mm bore diameter; 10 @entity5 and 6 C57BL/6 control @entity1 were scanned every 4 weeks from 8 weeks of age until sacrifice at 28-30 weeks. After sacrifice, the genitourinary tract was excised and sectioned for histological analysis. Histology slides registered with DW-MR images allowed for validation of DW-MR images and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as tools for @entity0 detection and disease stratification. An automated early assessment tool based on ADC threshold values was developed to aid @entity0 detection and progression monitoring. RESULTS: The ADC differentiated between control prostate ((1.86        0.20)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) and normal @entity5 prostate ((1.38        0.10)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.0001), between @entity5 prostate and well-differentiated @entity0 ((0.93        0.18)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.0006), and between well-differentiated @entity0 and poorly differentiated @entity0 ((0.63        0.06)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.02). CONCLUSION: DW-MRI is a tool for early detection of @entity0 , and discrimination between @entity0 stages in the @entity5 model. The incorporation of DW-MRI-based @entity3 stratification and monitoring could increase the accuracy of preclinical trials using @entity5 @entity1 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1207-1217.

title: Diffusion-weighted MRI for early detection and characterization of @entity3 in the transgenic XXXX of the @entity1 prostate model.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To improve early diagnosis of @entity3 to aid clinical decision-making. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is sensitive to water diffusion throughout tissues, which correlates with Gleason score, a histological measure of @entity3 @entity2 . In this study the ability of DW-MRI to @entity3 onset and development was evaluated in transgenic @entity4 of the @entity1 prostate ( @entity5 ) @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: T2 -weighted and DW-MRI were acquired using a 7T MR scanner, 200   mm bore diameter; 10 @entity5 and 6 C57BL/6 control @entity1 were scanned every 4 weeks from 8 weeks of age until sacrifice at 28-30 weeks. After sacrifice, the genitourinary tract was excised and sectioned for histological analysis. Histology slides registered with DW-MR images allowed for validation of DW-MR images and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as tools for @entity0 detection and disease stratification. An automated early assessment tool based on ADC threshold values was developed to aid @entity0 detection and progression monitoring. RESULTS: The ADC differentiated between control prostate ((1.86        0.20)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) and normal @entity5 prostate ((1.38        0.10)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.0001), between @entity5 prostate and well-differentiated @entity0 ((0.93        0.18)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.0006), and between well-differentiated @entity0 and poorly differentiated @entity0 ((0.63        0.06)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.02). CONCLUSION: DW-MRI is a tool for early detection of @entity0 , and discrimination between @entity0 stages in the @entity5 model. The incorporation of DW-MRI-based @entity3 stratification and monitoring could increase the accuracy of preclinical trials using @entity5 @entity1 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1207-1217.

title: Diffusion-weighted MRI for early detection and characterization of @entity3 in the transgenic @entity4 of the XXXX prostate model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line designated PC/AA, derived from a large pre-malignant @entity8 from a @entity0 with @entity7 (also referred to as @entity6 ) has become immortal in vitro. PC/AA has been passaged in vitro continuously for over 4 years and shows no signs of senescence. At early passage, PC/AA has a normal diploid karyotype but with late passage is showing signs of progression, becoming @entity4 . Every cell examined of late-passage PC/AA has an isochromosome (1q), and one other marker chromosome which is probably derived from an additional chromosome 8. The majority of cells examined have 48 chromosomes. Despite showing signs of progression in vitro, late-passage PC/AA has remained non-tumorigenic in athymic @entity2 and retained morphological differentiation characteristics of colonic cells, in particular the ability to synthesize and secrete mucin. Two other cell lines derived from small @entity5 did not become immortal in vitro and were also non-tumorigenic in athymic @entity2 . The isolation of an immortal pre-malignant @entity0 epithelial cell line could prove invaluable in studies on @entity0 @entity3 and @entity1 progression. Our results, showing that only a large @entity5 and no small @entity5 have given rise to immortal cell lines, raise the possibility that the acquisition of in vitro immortality is associated with a relatively late stage in the @entity8 sequence. The possible involvement of chromosome 1 in @entity1 progression is discussed.

title: Immortalization of a @entity0 XXXX cell line by continuous in vitro passage: possible involvement of chromosome 1 in @entity1 progression.

answer: @entity8


abstract: A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line designated PC/AA, derived from a large pre-malignant @entity8 from a @entity0 with @entity7 (also referred to as @entity6 ) has become immortal in vitro. PC/AA has been passaged in vitro continuously for over 4 years and shows no signs of senescence. At early passage, PC/AA has a normal diploid karyotype but with late passage is showing signs of progression, becoming @entity4 . Every cell examined of late-passage PC/AA has an isochromosome (1q), and one other marker chromosome which is probably derived from an additional chromosome 8. The majority of cells examined have 48 chromosomes. Despite showing signs of progression in vitro, late-passage PC/AA has remained non-tumorigenic in athymic @entity2 and retained morphological differentiation characteristics of colonic cells, in particular the ability to synthesize and secrete mucin. Two other cell lines derived from small @entity5 did not become immortal in vitro and were also non-tumorigenic in athymic @entity2 . The isolation of an immortal pre-malignant @entity0 epithelial cell line could prove invaluable in studies on @entity0 @entity3 and @entity1 progression. Our results, showing that only a large @entity5 and no small @entity5 have given rise to immortal cell lines, raise the possibility that the acquisition of in vitro immortality is associated with a relatively late stage in the @entity8 sequence. The possible involvement of chromosome 1 in @entity1 progression is discussed.

title: Immortalization of a @entity0 @entity8 cell line by continuous in vitro passage: possible involvement of chromosome 1 in XXXX progression.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line designated PC/AA, derived from a large pre-malignant @entity8 from a @entity0 with @entity7 (also referred to as @entity6 ) has become immortal in vitro. PC/AA has been passaged in vitro continuously for over 4 years and shows no signs of senescence. At early passage, PC/AA has a normal diploid karyotype but with late passage is showing signs of progression, becoming @entity4 . Every cell examined of late-passage PC/AA has an isochromosome (1q), and one other marker chromosome which is probably derived from an additional chromosome 8. The majority of cells examined have 48 chromosomes. Despite showing signs of progression in vitro, late-passage PC/AA has remained non-tumorigenic in athymic @entity2 and retained morphological differentiation characteristics of colonic cells, in particular the ability to synthesize and secrete mucin. Two other cell lines derived from small @entity5 did not become immortal in vitro and were also non-tumorigenic in athymic @entity2 . The isolation of an immortal pre-malignant @entity0 epithelial cell line could prove invaluable in studies on @entity0 @entity3 and @entity1 progression. Our results, showing that only a large @entity5 and no small @entity5 have given rise to immortal cell lines, raise the possibility that the acquisition of in vitro immortality is associated with a relatively late stage in the @entity8 sequence. The possible involvement of chromosome 1 in @entity1 progression is discussed.

title: Immortalization of a XXXX @entity8 cell line by continuous in vitro passage: possible involvement of chromosome 1 in @entity1 progression.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Since 1966 the authors have encountered nine @entity13 : eight @entity10 and one @entity1 initially thought to be a @entity5 but histologically a @entity7 . Seven @entity10 were left atrial and the other were right atrial in location. The @entity3 was predominantly located in the right ventricle. Eight of the nine @entity0 were female; ages ranged from 32 to 85 years. Of the @entity10 , five displayed @entity4 and @entity9 , two @entity6 and one transient @entity2 episodes. The @entity0 with @entity3 was in @entity6 . All @entity0 underwent cardiac catheterization as well as echocardiography when it became available. @entity10 were correctly diagnosed preoperatively while three were thought to have @entity14 . The @entity0 with @entity3 showed a large right ventricular filling defect and a picture of constriction. All @entity10 @entity0 underwent surgery--three via left thoracotomy and five via sternotomy. Seven @entity0 survived; however, the @entity0 with right @entity12 was explored via the left chest for @entity14 and the @entity10 was not discovered. She died of a @entity8 pathologically confirmed as @entity10 . All survivors have been followed by yearly echocardiograms and are free of recurrence. The @entity0 with @entity3 died before surgery could be performed. Autopsy revealed almost complete replacement of the right ventricle by @entity1 and @entity11 . The terminal event was @entity7 . Although @entity13 are a rare entity, a high incidence of suspicion plus modern diagnostic methods can yield the diagnosis and allow a curative operation.

title: XXXX in 19 years of private practice.

answer: @entity13


abstract: Out of 44 @entity0 (with 200 mg/dl @entity3 ) 22, with constantly high levels of @entity3 were studied. All belong to a @entity0 population from Madrid which 95 percentile for @entity3 was 204 mg/dl. Fifty nine subjects, first degree relatives of these 22 @entity0 (17 families) plus probands were studied to determine if moderately elevated @entity3 levels during infancy are related to any form of @entity2 . Serum lipidic levels, anthropometric measurements, dietary habits a history of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), were evaluated in all these 81 individuals. @entity7 was encountered in 13 of the 59 non probands and high @entity5 levels in 6 @entity0 . More than one member of the family was to have some form of @entity8 in 12 of 17 families (71%) and in 10 the metabolic abnormality was of a type associated with a higher risk to suffer @entity1 . Five families had a combined @entity4 of the multiple lipoproteinemic (4 familiar heterozygotic @entity7 and one @entity4 with a double phenotype II B and V). All family members were apparently healthy and had no knowledge of their underlying @entity9 . In this group of families antecedents of morbi-mortality because of @entity6 were more frequent that in group control families. Authors conclude that a moderately elevated serum @entity3 level during infancy may be a marker for @entity8 . Detection in infantile population of serum @entity3 levels 200 mg/dl should prompt us to perform a more complete lipidic evaluation both in @entity0 as well as in their families.

title: [Moderate XXXX in @entity0 . An index of familial pathology?].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Out of 44 @entity0 (with 200 mg/dl @entity3 ) 22, with constantly high levels of @entity3 were studied. All belong to a @entity0 population from Madrid which 95 percentile for @entity3 was 204 mg/dl. Fifty nine subjects, first degree relatives of these 22 @entity0 (17 families) plus probands were studied to determine if moderately elevated @entity3 levels during infancy are related to any form of @entity2 . Serum lipidic levels, anthropometric measurements, dietary habits a history of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), were evaluated in all these 81 individuals. @entity7 was encountered in 13 of the 59 non probands and high @entity5 levels in 6 @entity0 . More than one member of the family was to have some form of @entity8 in 12 of 17 families (71%) and in 10 the metabolic abnormality was of a type associated with a higher risk to suffer @entity1 . Five families had a combined @entity4 of the multiple lipoproteinemic (4 familiar heterozygotic @entity7 and one @entity4 with a double phenotype II B and V). All family members were apparently healthy and had no knowledge of their underlying @entity9 . In this group of families antecedents of morbi-mortality because of @entity6 were more frequent that in group control families. Authors conclude that a moderately elevated serum @entity3 level during infancy may be a marker for @entity8 . Detection in infantile population of serum @entity3 levels 200 mg/dl should prompt us to perform a more complete lipidic evaluation both in @entity0 as well as in their families.

title: [Moderate @entity7 in XXXX . An index of familial pathology?].

answer: @entity0


abstract: A familial case of @entity7 , occurring in a mother and her daughter, is reported. A 12-year old @entity3 @entity0 was seen with a history of repeated ecchymoses despite normal hemostasis. On clinical examination, the skin was diffusely atrophic with @entity1 and wrinkling most pronounced on the extremities. The venous pattern was noticeable on the upper aspect of the anterior trunk and the extremities. The feet were small and the nose was pinched. "Cigarette paper" scars and molluscoid @entity5 were seen over the elbows and the knees. Some skin hyperextensibility was noted and @entity6 of the fingers was demonstrated. The fingernails, hair, dentition, and bone roentgenograms were normal. The mother, a 34-year old @entity0 , presented with the same abnormalities and reported the same condition in her mother. A younger brother was normal and there was no history of consanguinity. In both cases, the skin biopsy specimens showed @entity1 with irregular increase of the elastic staining material in the mid dermis. Ultrastructural studies showed a widened endoplasmic reticulum within the fibroblasts. Biochemical studies, performed in the daughter, showed complete lack of collagen III in the dermis. This, together with the visceral complications occurring in the mother and in previously reported @entity0 , suggests that @entity7 represents a clinical variant of @entity4 . Its association with @entity2 in the daughter is considered to be coincidental.

title: [ @entity4 of XXXX type].

answer: @entity7


abstract: A familial case of @entity7 , occurring in a mother and her daughter, is reported. A 12-year old @entity3 @entity0 was seen with a history of repeated ecchymoses despite normal hemostasis. On clinical examination, the skin was diffusely atrophic with @entity1 and wrinkling most pronounced on the extremities. The venous pattern was noticeable on the upper aspect of the anterior trunk and the extremities. The feet were small and the nose was pinched. "Cigarette paper" scars and molluscoid @entity5 were seen over the elbows and the knees. Some skin hyperextensibility was noted and @entity6 of the fingers was demonstrated. The fingernails, hair, dentition, and bone roentgenograms were normal. The mother, a 34-year old @entity0 , presented with the same abnormalities and reported the same condition in her mother. A younger brother was normal and there was no history of consanguinity. In both cases, the skin biopsy specimens showed @entity1 with irregular increase of the elastic staining material in the mid dermis. Ultrastructural studies showed a widened endoplasmic reticulum within the fibroblasts. Biochemical studies, performed in the daughter, showed complete lack of collagen III in the dermis. This, together with the visceral complications occurring in the mother and in previously reported @entity0 , suggests that @entity7 represents a clinical variant of @entity4 . Its association with @entity2 in the daughter is considered to be coincidental.

title: [ XXXX of @entity7 type].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The bottleneck of VDD systems is the reliable detection of the small atrial signals by a floating atrial electrode. Fractally @entity3 coated electrodes offer excellent sensing and pacing performance. In this study, the performance of such a floating @entity1 in P wave sensing and synchronous ventricular stimulation was examined. Atrial pacing was also used as a test of atrial wall contact. @entity0 AND METHODS: A fractally @entity3 coated VDD lead was implanted in 18 @entity0 . In 15 @entity0 it was interfaced with a VDD pacemaker and in 3 @entity0 with a DDD system depending on the P wave amplitude measured acutely (> or = 2 mV). Simultaneous recordings of the surface ECG and pacemaker telemetry were used to analyze P wave amplitudes and AV synchrony in different body positions, and during normal and deep @entity2 . Additionally, exercise tests based on daily life activities and 24-hour ECG monitoring were performed to test the pacemaker function. RESULTS: During implantation P wave amplitudes were 1.86 mV +/- 1.08 mV (range 0.5-4.9 mV) and during follow-up (6.6 +/- 5.6 weeks) 0.18-3.8 mV. Holter recordings revealed reliable P wave sensing at a sensitivity setting of 0.5 mV (95.5%). P wave sensing was further improved by a higher atrial sensitivity. AV synchronous pacing > or = 99.9% was achieved in all @entity0 . In 7 @entity0 the atrial electrode could be positioned close to the atrial wall enabling atrial stimulation thresholds at an average of 4.3 volts. CONCLUSION: This fractally @entity3 coated VVD lead allowed consistent and reliable P wave sensing at an atrial sensitivity as low as 0.5 mV in selected @entity0 .

title: P wave recognition and atrial stimulation with fractally XXXX coated VDD single pass leads.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The long term sequelae of hair cell destruction consequent from administration of the @entity5 @entity7 antibiotic, @entity9 , were evaluated in histological and ultrastructural studies of cochlear morphology in @entity2 . @entity1 , as defined by an absence of brainstem evoked responses to click stimulation at 120 dB peak SPL, was induced by intramuscular injections of @entity9 at 50 mg/kg body weight/day, and cochlear pathology was studied at 6 months and 1, 3 and 4 years following onset of profound @entity6 . In these long term @entity5 cases the organ of Corti was collapsed and resorbed over the basal one-quarter to three-quarters of the cochlear spiral, depending on duration of @entity6 . Significant progressive reduction in the @entity8 cell population and sequential degenerative alterations in the remaining neurons were observed with increasing time elapsed after induced @entity1 . The sequence of pathological alterations in @entity3 appeared to be: a) swelling, @entity0 and @entity4 ; b) @entity0 and shrinkage of the cell soma with preservation of the central axon; and c) @entity0 of the central axon and degeneration of the cell perikaryon. In apical cochlear regions, severe degeneration of the @entity8 preceded the collapse of the tunnel of Corti and regional loss of pillar cells. Residual populations of @entity3 were as low as 1-2% of the normal values in the most severely degenerated cochleae in the series. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies revealed a selective survival advantage for the unmyelinated type II neurons over the myelinated type I neurons with these long survival periods. The prolonged time course and atrophic nature of these pathological alterations suggests that degeneration of @entity3 progresses continuously following drug-induced insult to the cochlea. Some possible factors contributing to this long term progressive degeneration will be discussed.

title: Cochlear pathology of long term @entity9 induced @entity6 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The long term sequelae of hair cell destruction consequent from administration of the @entity5 @entity7 antibiotic, @entity9 , were evaluated in histological and ultrastructural studies of cochlear morphology in @entity2 . @entity1 , as defined by an absence of brainstem evoked responses to click stimulation at 120 dB peak SPL, was induced by intramuscular injections of @entity9 at 50 mg/kg body weight/day, and cochlear pathology was studied at 6 months and 1, 3 and 4 years following onset of profound @entity6 . In these long term @entity5 cases the organ of Corti was collapsed and resorbed over the basal one-quarter to three-quarters of the cochlear spiral, depending on duration of @entity6 . Significant progressive reduction in the @entity8 cell population and sequential degenerative alterations in the remaining neurons were observed with increasing time elapsed after induced @entity1 . The sequence of pathological alterations in @entity3 appeared to be: a) swelling, @entity0 and @entity4 ; b) @entity0 and shrinkage of the cell soma with preservation of the central axon; and c) @entity0 of the central axon and degeneration of the cell perikaryon. In apical cochlear regions, severe degeneration of the @entity8 preceded the collapse of the tunnel of Corti and regional loss of pillar cells. Residual populations of @entity3 were as low as 1-2% of the normal values in the most severely degenerated cochleae in the series. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies revealed a selective survival advantage for the unmyelinated type II neurons over the myelinated type I neurons with these long survival periods. The prolonged time course and atrophic nature of these pathological alterations suggests that degeneration of @entity3 progresses continuously following drug-induced insult to the cochlea. Some possible factors contributing to this long term progressive degeneration will be discussed.

title: Cochlear pathology of long term @entity9 induced XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The long term sequelae of hair cell destruction consequent from administration of the @entity5 @entity7 antibiotic, @entity9 , were evaluated in histological and ultrastructural studies of cochlear morphology in @entity2 . @entity1 , as defined by an absence of brainstem evoked responses to click stimulation at 120 dB peak SPL, was induced by intramuscular injections of @entity9 at 50 mg/kg body weight/day, and cochlear pathology was studied at 6 months and 1, 3 and 4 years following onset of profound @entity6 . In these long term @entity5 cases the organ of Corti was collapsed and resorbed over the basal one-quarter to three-quarters of the cochlear spiral, depending on duration of @entity6 . Significant progressive reduction in the @entity8 cell population and sequential degenerative alterations in the remaining neurons were observed with increasing time elapsed after induced @entity1 . The sequence of pathological alterations in @entity3 appeared to be: a) swelling, @entity0 and @entity4 ; b) @entity0 and shrinkage of the cell soma with preservation of the central axon; and c) @entity0 of the central axon and degeneration of the cell perikaryon. In apical cochlear regions, severe degeneration of the @entity8 preceded the collapse of the tunnel of Corti and regional loss of pillar cells. Residual populations of @entity3 were as low as 1-2% of the normal values in the most severely degenerated cochleae in the series. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies revealed a selective survival advantage for the unmyelinated type II neurons over the myelinated type I neurons with these long survival periods. The prolonged time course and atrophic nature of these pathological alterations suggests that degeneration of @entity3 progresses continuously following drug-induced insult to the cochlea. Some possible factors contributing to this long term progressive degeneration will be discussed.

title: Cochlear pathology of long term XXXX induced @entity6 in @entity2 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: The Maze procedure has been developed as a surgical approach to the management of @entity0 with @entity5 refractory to medical treatment. The recent modification of the technique (Maze 3) achieves good rate control with coordinated AV contractions. However, the procedure involves cuts that completely isolate a block of left atrial (LA) wall, including the four ostia of the pulmonary veins. The electrical and mechanical activity of this isolated @entity6 are dissociated from the rest of the atrium, and the area may, in fact, continue to fibrillate. This may provide a nidus for the development of @entity4 . The weight and endocardial surface area of the @entity6 and of the entire LA were estimated in ten @entity3 fixed hearts from @entity1 victims with no evidence of @entity2 . In these samples, the @entity6 represented 35% of the endocardial surface area of the entire LA and 29% of the weight. The @entity6 is of sufficient size to allow macroreentrant circuits to form and has the potential to fibrillate if isolated from the rest of the atrium. We modified the Maze 3 procedure to recruit the otherwise isolated @entity6 by using two additional cuts around each pair of pulmonary veins as they enter the LA. The first @entity0 who underwent the modified procedure demonstrated sinus rhythm on Holter monitoring postoperatively and remained in sinus rhythm following burst atrial pacing at 300 and 420 beats/min each for 30 seconds. In addition, atrial contractions were found to contribute 19% of the cardiac output.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Maze 3 for XXXX : two cuts too few?

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown an increase in the prevalence of @entity2 with advancing age. However, little is known about @entity2 in centenarians. METHOD AND RESULTS: Thirty-two Japanese centenarians aged 100-106 years (14 males, 18 females) were studied. All of them had 12-lead ECGs, and 22 also had 24-hour ambulatory monitoring. As controls, 89 healthy Japanese elderly from the same geographic area underwent 12-lead ECG. Their mean age was 75 +/- 6 years with a range of 63-93 years, and there were 28 males and 61 females. Twenty-three of them also had Holter ECGs. On the 12-lead ECG, the heart rate was slightly, but significantly, higher in the centenarians (76.8 +/- 12.7 beats/min) than that in the elderly subjects (74.9 +/- 5.9 beats/min, P < 0.005). PQ and QTc were significantly longer in the centenarians (174 +/- 29 and 439 +/- 33 msec, respectively) compared with the elderly subjects (158 +/- 23 and 417 +/- 31 msec, P < 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). Supraventricular premature beats (SVPBs) were observed in 31% of the centenarians and in 4% of the elderly subjects (P < 0.001). First- and second-degree @entity0 was recorded in 25% of the centenarians and 1% of the elderly subjects (P < 0.001). @entity1 was found in 19% of the centenarians and 7% of the elderly subjects (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the frequency of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) or QRS voltage. On the Holter ECG, there were no significant differences in average heart rate, maximum heart rate, minimum heart rate, or the longest RR interval. A subgroup of centenarians had frequent SVPBs. However, none of them had > 1,000 VPBs/day as opposed to four elderly subjects (P < 0.01). @entity3 was not observed in any records of the centenarians despite the presence of frequent SVPBs. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that conduction disturbances of the AV nodal--His-Purkinje system and frequent SVPBs are common in centenarians, whereas very frequent VPBs and @entity3 seem less common.

title: XXXX in centenarians.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose was to compare the psychosocial outcome in two groups of @entity1 @entity0 who were treated by different methods but were in other respects unselected, and to consider factors predictive of the outcome. The first sample, consisting of a total of 100 @entity0 , had received hospital and outpatient care, here called traditional; only 12 of them had received sustained psychotherapy. Of the second sample, comprising 75 @entity0 , 66 were treated in a psychotherapeutic community and 25 also received sustained psychotherapy. All @entity0 were interviewed by the author on an average of 8 years after the first hospitalization. The @entity0 treated in the psychotherapeutic community had remained longer under hospital care, particularly at first, and at the end of follow-up their functional capacity was lower, but they were more satisfied with the treatment received compared with the @entity0 treated traditionally. The samples did not differ in terms of clinical status. The severity of the @entity1 , including diagnostic category, and a tendency toward grandiose thinking emerged as the most important factors predictive of psychosocial outcome. Premorbid psychosocial development and social support were also relevant to the outcome. After taking the predictor variables into account, extensive hospital care was still associated with a poor outcome. This may in part explain why, despite the greater amount of psychotherapy provided, the functional capacity of the @entity0 who received psychotherapeutic community treatment had poorer outcome than those treated traditionally.

title: Psychosocial outcome in XXXX and psychotherapeutic orientation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Ninety @entity0 with @entity2 were followed up 9-16 years (median 11.3 years) after diagnosis. The mean duration of @entity3 therapy was 5.8 years (range 0-12.8 years). Together, the @entity0 had received corticosteroids for 492 @entity0 -years. Five years after diagnosis, 43% of the @entity0 were on corticosteroid therapy. After 9 years, 15 of 60 surviving @entity0 (25%) were still being treated with 1.25-10 mg of @entity4 daily (median dose 5 mg). The relapse rate was about 50%, regardless of the time after diagnosis, when an attempt to withdraw the treatment was made. Forty-six per cent of the relapses occurred within one month and 96% within one year of the end of treatment. Most of the flare-ups occurred during the first year of therapy and in 55% of the @entity0 on a @entity4 dosage of 5 mg or less. We did not find any increase in morbidity in our @entity0 compared to the general population. Nor did we see any significant complications which we could attribute to the @entity1 treatment.

title: Long-term corticosteroid treatment in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We studied 71 @entity0 with @entity7 for the occurrence of pathologic urinary and renal findings. Transient @entity4 and/or microhematuria was found in 17 @entity0 (24%) and slightly elevated serum @entity6 in seven @entity0 (10%). Renal biopsy was done in two @entity0 and revealed mild @entity3 in both cases. One of these @entity0 had IgA @entity3 and @entity9 . @entity8 occurred in 16 @entity0 (23%) and was frequently associated with @entity9 . Seventy-three @entity0 with acute @entity2 were studied for the occurrence of @entity7 by determining Yersinia antibodies by ELISA. One out of 13 @entity0 with acute @entity3 but none of 60 @entity0 with acute @entity1 had @entity7 . Acute @entity7 seems to be rarely an etiologic factor in acute @entity2 . Our results indicate that transient @entity4 , microhematuria, @entity8 or @entity1 are frequent findings in @entity0 with @entity7 . However, @entity3 seems to be a rather infrequent and mild @entity5 .

title: Urinary tract and renal findings in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training devices are used in rehabilitation, and may help to improve arm function after @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength in @entity0 after @entity1 . We also assessed the acceptability and safety of the therapy. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane @entity1 Group's Trials Register (last searched February 2015), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library 2015, Issue 3), MEDLINE (1950 to March 2015), EMBASE (1980 to March 2015), CINAHL (1982 to March 2015), AMED (1985 to March 2015), SPORTDiscus (1949 to March 2015), PEDro (searched April 2015), Compendex (1972 to March 2015), and Inspec (1969 to March 2015). We also handsearched relevant conference proceedings, searched trials and research registers, checked reference lists, and contacted trialists, experts, and researchers in our field, as well as manufacturers of commercial devices. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for recovery of arm function with other rehabilitation or placebo interventions, or no treatment, for @entity0 after @entity1 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed trial quality and risk of bias, and extracted data. We contacted trialists for additional information. We analysed the results as standardised mean differences (SMDs) for continuous variables and risk differences (RDs) for dichotomous variables. MAIN RESULTS: We included 34 trials (involving 1160 @entity0 ) in this update of our review. Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training improved activities of daily living scores ( @entity2 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11 to 0.64, P = 0.005, I   = 62%), arm function ( @entity2 0.35, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.51, P < 0.0001, I   = 36%), and arm muscle strength ( @entity2 0.36, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.70, P = 0.04, I   = 72%), but the quality of the evidence was low to very low. Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training did not increase the risk of @entity0 drop-out (RD 0.00, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.03, P = 0.84, I   = 0%) with moderate-quality evidence, and adverse events were rare. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who receive electromechanical and robot-assisted arm and hand training after @entity1 might improve their activities of daily living, arm and hand function, and arm and hand muscle strength. However, the results must be interpreted with caution because the quality of the evidence was low to very low, and there were variations between the trials in the intensity, duration, and amount of training; type of treatment; and @entity0 characteristics.

title: Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 undergoing pituitary adenomectomy are usually given glucocorticoid therapy, although there are no data to document the need for such therapy. We prospectively studied @entity4 ( @entity4 ) function in 88 consecutive @entity2 @entity0 before and after selective adenomectomy, excluding those with @entity5 . Preoperatively, 5 @entity0 had @entity3 ( @entity3 ); they were treated with glucocorticoids and excluded from the analysis. The remaining 83 @entity0 had normal @entity4 function preoperatively and were not given glucocorticoids before, during, or immediately after surgery, but were closely monitored, and their serum @entity1 levels were measured in the immediate postoperative period. Two @entity0 were clinically suspected to have @entity3 postoperatively and were treated accordingly. The remaining 81 @entity0 had no clinical manifestations of @entity3 and received no glucocorticoid therapy. Their serum @entity1 levels in the immediate postoperative period were appropriately elevated. The mean serum @entity1 level was 40.5 +/- 11.1 (+/- SD) micrograms/dL (1117 +/- 306 nmol/L) 6 h after surgery; serum @entity1 levels decreased gradually thereafter. Morning serum @entity1 levels were within the normal range on the fourth, fifth, and sixth days after surgery: day 4, 15.1 +/- 7.0 micrograms/dL (417 +/- 193 nmol/L); day 5, 16.4 +/- 5.6 micrograms/dL (453 +/- 155 nmol/L); and day 6, 16.3 +/- 5.7 micrograms/dL (450 +/- 157 nmol/L). When tested 3 months after surgery, all 81 @entity0 had normal @entity4 function. We conclude that @entity4 function is rarely compromised after selective pituitary adenomectomy. Close observation and serum @entity1 measurements in the immediate postoperative period can reliably predict the integrity of the @entity4 after surgery. Routine glucocorticoid therapy is not needed in @entity0 undergoing selective adenomectomy whose preoperative adrenal function is normal.

title: Evaluation of the XXXX immediately after pituitary adenomectomy: is perioperative steroid therapy necessary?

answer: @entity4


abstract: The age-related alterations in the number and size of alpha- and gamma-motoneurons were studied in the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) motor nuclei in @entity0 at four ages: young (5 months), middle aged (10-13 months), old (26 months), and very old (31 months). Small volumes (0.1-0.5 microliter) of 40% horseradish peroxidase (HRP) solution were injected into the cut @entity1 nerve bilaterally by using glass micropipettes and a pressure injection system. The number, position, and soma size (average soma diameter) of @entity1 motoneurons were determined by using photographic maps of each TMB-stained section. The total number of myelinated axons was counted in seven @entity1 nerves from the same animals. The average soma diameters in each @entity1 nucleus were distributed bimodally; cells with average diameter greater than 21.0-24.0 micron were presumed to be alpha-motoneurons and those with smaller diameters were presumed to be gamma. The mean number of presumed alpha-motoneurons was significantly less in the old and very old groups as compared with the young and middle-aged. In contrast, the number of presumed gamma-motoneurons was the same across age groups. The mean average soma diameter of both alpha- and gamma-motoneurons was smaller in the old animals. The apparent decrease in the total number of labeled motoneurons in old animals was also reflected in a decrease in myelinated axon counts. We conclude that there is a significant decrease in the absolute numbers of motoneurons in @entity0 aged 26 months and older, with most of the decrease occurring among the larger alpha-motoneurons.

title: Medial gastrocnemius motor nucleus in the XXXX : age-related changes in the number and size of motoneurons.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast conservation treatment (BCT) is an accepted treatment modality for early @entity0 . However, multifocal and @entity0 (MFMCBC) is a relative contraindication to BCT. This study was performed to compare BCT rates in @entity0 and its outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for @entity1 with @entity0 who underwent operative treatment between 2009 and 2011. Successful BCT was defined as the ability to obtain clear margins for all @entity2 foci through a single incision with acceptable resultant cosmesis. RESULTS: A total of 160 @entity1 were analysed, of which 40 were MFMCBC. Thirty-four of the 40 @entity1 with MFMCBC underwent BCT (85  %). After a mean follow-up period of 55  months, there were no local recurrences in @entity1 with MFMCBC. CONCLUSION: BCT was achieved in 85  % of the @entity1 with MFMCBC in this cohort without evidence of poorer local control. Further investigation is needed to confirm this finding for its potential contribution to improved survival outcomes.

title: Optimising Breast Conservation Treatment for Multifocal and XXXX : A Worthwhile Endeavour?

answer: @entity0


abstract: Circulatory excretory-secretory antigen levels and IgM and IgG responses to larval antigens were monitored in the serum of 20 BALB/c @entity0 that had been given approximately 500 infective eggs of @entity3 by stomach tube. Other groups of @entity0 received different doses of infective eggs, ranging from 5 to 1,250 eggs. Excretory-secretory antigens were collected from culture fluid in which mechanically hatched larvae of @entity3 were maintained. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to monitor specific antibody responses. Circulating antigen levels were monitored using a direct ELISA which incorporated an IgG fraction of a rabbit antiserum to the excretory-secretory antigens as a capture antibody and a @entity2 -conjugated form of the same rabbit IgG as the second antibody. The antigen-specific IgM response was evident the first week of @entity1 and peaked 3 to 6 weeks post- @entity1 . The antigen-specific IgG response first appeared the second week of @entity1 and peaked at 6 to 8 weeks post- @entity1 . Both isotype levels stayed near their peak values for the remainder of the study. In the untreated sera, circulating antigen was initially evident and highest the first week of @entity1 ; the antigen concentrations dropped by the third month of @entity1 to low, but significant, levels that persisted for the duration of the study. The administration of greater than 25 eggs produced antigenemias. There appeared to be a positive linear trend between the number of eggs given and the amount of antigen in the circulation.

title: Circulating excretory-secretory antigen levels and specific antibody responses in @entity0 infected with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Circulatory excretory-secretory antigen levels and IgM and IgG responses to larval antigens were monitored in the serum of 20 BALB/c @entity0 that had been given approximately 500 infective eggs of @entity3 by stomach tube. Other groups of @entity0 received different doses of infective eggs, ranging from 5 to 1,250 eggs. Excretory-secretory antigens were collected from culture fluid in which mechanically hatched larvae of @entity3 were maintained. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to monitor specific antibody responses. Circulating antigen levels were monitored using a direct ELISA which incorporated an IgG fraction of a rabbit antiserum to the excretory-secretory antigens as a capture antibody and a @entity2 -conjugated form of the same rabbit IgG as the second antibody. The antigen-specific IgM response was evident the first week of @entity1 and peaked 3 to 6 weeks post- @entity1 . The antigen-specific IgG response first appeared the second week of @entity1 and peaked at 6 to 8 weeks post- @entity1 . Both isotype levels stayed near their peak values for the remainder of the study. In the untreated sera, circulating antigen was initially evident and highest the first week of @entity1 ; the antigen concentrations dropped by the third month of @entity1 to low, but significant, levels that persisted for the duration of the study. The administration of greater than 25 eggs produced antigenemias. There appeared to be a positive linear trend between the number of eggs given and the amount of antigen in the circulation.

title: Circulating excretory-secretory antigen levels and specific antibody responses in XXXX infected with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have examined @entity1 cell DNA content as a possible variable in the behavior of early @entity1 treated by local excision. Flow cytometry assays of @entity1 cell DNA content were carried out on specimens of archived, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 30 @entity0 (11 male and 19 female) whose early @entity1 were treated by curative local excision more than 60 months previously. The @entity1 invaded to the muscularis mucosae in 2 @entity0 (1 with @entity4 and 1 with @entity2 ), into the submucosa in 15 @entity0 (7 with @entity4 and 8 with @entity2 ), and the muscularis propria in 13 @entity0 (8 with @entity4 and 5 with @entity2 ). A total of 16 @entity0 had @entity4 and 14 had @entity2 . Local recurrence of @entity1 developed in 12 @entity0 . Of these 12 @entity0 , 10 (83 percent) had @entity4 . By contrast, of the 18 @entity0 who remained free of disease, 12 (67 percent) had @entity2 . Seven of the 12 @entity0 with recurrence died. Six of these seven (86 percent) had @entity4 . The aggressive clinical behavior of the @entity1 with aneuploid DNA content was not otherwise predictable by standard histologic features. @entity3 behavior appears to correlate closely with @entity4 in locally treated @entity1 , as opposed to a lack of correlation in our @entity0 treated with major resection. The fact that these @entity1 are being treated by local excision may allow the prognostic impact of DNA content to reflect the natural history of @entity1 .

title: Influence of @entity1 cell DNA ploidy on the natural history of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have examined @entity1 cell DNA content as a possible variable in the behavior of early @entity1 treated by local excision. Flow cytometry assays of @entity1 cell DNA content were carried out on specimens of archived, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 30 @entity0 (11 male and 19 female) whose early @entity1 were treated by curative local excision more than 60 months previously. The @entity1 invaded to the muscularis mucosae in 2 @entity0 (1 with @entity4 and 1 with @entity2 ), into the submucosa in 15 @entity0 (7 with @entity4 and 8 with @entity2 ), and the muscularis propria in 13 @entity0 (8 with @entity4 and 5 with @entity2 ). A total of 16 @entity0 had @entity4 and 14 had @entity2 . Local recurrence of @entity1 developed in 12 @entity0 . Of these 12 @entity0 , 10 (83 percent) had @entity4 . By contrast, of the 18 @entity0 who remained free of disease, 12 (67 percent) had @entity2 . Seven of the 12 @entity0 with recurrence died. Six of these seven (86 percent) had @entity4 . The aggressive clinical behavior of the @entity1 with aneuploid DNA content was not otherwise predictable by standard histologic features. @entity3 behavior appears to correlate closely with @entity4 in locally treated @entity1 , as opposed to a lack of correlation in our @entity0 treated with major resection. The fact that these @entity1 are being treated by local excision may allow the prognostic impact of DNA content to reflect the natural history of @entity1 .

title: Influence of XXXX cell DNA ploidy on the natural history of @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The biliary tract is a well-branched ductal structure that exhibits great variation in morphology among vertebrates. Its function is maintained by complex constructions of blood vessels, nerves, and smooth muscles, the so-called hepatobiliary system. Although the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been used as a model organism for @entity0 , the morphology of its hepatobiliary system has not been well documented at the topographical level, mostly because of its small size and complexity. To reconcile this, we conducted whole-mount anatomical descriptions of the @entity1 extrahepatic biliary tracts with related blood vessels, nerves and smooth muscles using a recently developed transparentizing method, CUBIC.   Several major differences from @entity0 were found in @entity1 ; (1) Among the biliary arteries, the arteria gastrica sinistra accessoria was commonly found, which rarely appears in @entity0 ; (2) The sphincter muscle in the choledochoduodenal junction is un-separated from the duodenal muscle; (3) The pancreatic duct opens to the bile duct without any sphincter muscles because of its distance from the duodenum. This state is identical to a @entity0 @entity2 , an anomalous arrangement of pancreaticobiliary ducts (APBDs). However, other parts of the @entity1 hepatobiliary system (such as the branching patterns of the biliary tract, blood vessels and nerves) presented the same patterns as @entity0 and other mammals topologically. Thus the @entity1 is useful as an experimental model for studying the @entity0 hepatobiliary system. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Anatomy of the XXXX hepatobiliary system: A whole-organ-level analysis using a transparency method.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity2 , transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has been reported as a new organ preserving treatment but outcomes are rarely reported. METHODS: From 2010 to 2013, 10 @entity0 with early T classification @entity2 were selected to receive TORS and conventional neck dissection. The clinical parameters, including rates of adjuvant radiotherapy, survivals, as well as organ and function preservation, were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: TORS was successful in all 10 @entity0 , and 5 @entity0 received adjuvant radiotherapy. After mean follow-up of 26 months, 1 @entity0 died of distant @entity1 and 1 @entity0 died of other @entity2 . There was no local recurrence and larynxes were all preserved. Eight surviving @entity0 who were followed up continuously could receive oral intake and had a serviceable voice without tracheostomy or feeding tubes. CONCLUSION: TORS is a feasible transoral approach for selected @entity0 with early T classification @entity2 . The reported oncologic/functional outcomes are satisfactory.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 857-862, 2016.

title: Transoral robotic surgery for early T classification XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Filarial @entity4 cause debilitating @entity0 diseases. While treatable, recent evidence suggests drug resistance is developing, necessitating the development of novel targets and new treatment options. Although transcriptomic and proteomic studies around the @entity4 life cycle have greatly enhanced our knowledge, whole organism approaches have not provided spatial resolution of gene expression, which can be gained by examining individual tissues. Generally, due to their small size, tissue dissection of @entity0 -infecting filarial @entity4 remains extremely challenging. However, @entity2 @entity7 is caused by a closely related and much larger filarial @entity4 , @entity6 . As with many other filarial @entity4 , @entity6 contains Wolbachia, an obligate bacterial endosymbiont present in the hypodermis and developing oocytes within the uterus. Here, we describe the first concurrent tissue-specific transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of a filarial @entity4 ( @entity6 ) and its Wolbachia (wDi) in order to better understand tissue functions and identify tissue-specific antigens that may be used for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. METHODS: Adult @entity6 worms were dissected into female body wall (FBW), female uterus (FU), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity1 ( @entity1 ), male body wall (MBW), male testis (MT), @entity8 ( @entity8 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and 10.1186/s12864-015-2083-2 male spicule (MS) and used to prepare transcriptomic and proteomic libraries. RESULTS: Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of several @entity6 tissues identified many biological functions enriched within certain tissues. Hierarchical clustering of the @entity6 tissue transcriptomes, along with the recently published whole-worm adult male and female @entity6 transcriptomes, revealed that the whole-worm transcriptome is typically dominated by transcripts originating from reproductive tissue. The uterus appeared to have the most variable transcriptome, possibly due to age. Although many functions are shared between the reproductive tissues, the most significant differences in gene expression were observed between the uterus and testis. Interestingly, wDi gene expression in the male and female body wall is fairly similar, yet slightly different to that of Wolbachia gene expression in the uterus. Proteomic methods verified 32 % of the predicted @entity6 proteome, including over 700 hypothetical proteins of @entity6 . Of note, hypothetical proteins were among some of the most abundant Wolbachia proteins identified, which may fulfill some important yet still uncharacterized biological function. CONCLUSIONS: The spatial resolution gained from this parallel transcriptomic and proteomic analysis adds to our understanding of filarial biology and serves as a resource with which to develop future therapeutic strategies against filarial @entity4 and their Wolbachia endosymbionts.

title: Tissue-specific transcriptomics and proteomics of a filarial XXXX and its Wolbachia endosymbiont.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify characteristics associated with past malpractice lawsuits and how malpractice concerns may affect interpretive practices. METHODS: We surveyed 207 of 301 (68.8%) eligible dermatopathologists who interpret @entity2 in 10 states. The survey assessed dermatopathologists' demographic and clinical practice characteristics, perceptions of how medical malpractice concerns could influence their interpretive practices, and past malpractice lawsuits. RESULTS: Of dermatopathologists, 33% reported past malpractice experiences. Factors associated with being sued included older age (57 vs 48  years, P  <  .001), lack of board certification or fellowship training in dermatopathology (76.5% vs 53.2%, P  =  .001), and greater number of years interpreting @entity1 (>20  years: 52.9% vs 20.1%, P  <  .001). Of @entity0 , 64% reported being moderately or extremely confident in their melanocytic interpretations. Although most dermatopathologists believed that malpractice concerns increased their likelihood of ordering specialized pathology tests, obtaining recuts, and seeking a second opinion, none of these practices were associated with past malpractice. Most dermatopathologists reported concerns about potential harms to @entity0 that may result from their assessments of @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: Limitations of this study include lack of validation of and details about the malpractice suits experienced by participating dermatopathologists. In addition, the study assessed perceptions of practice rather than actual practices that might be associated with malpractice incidents. CONCLUSIONS: Most dermatopathologists reported apprehension about how malpractice affects their clinical practice and are concerned about @entity0 safety irrespective of whether they had actually experienced a medical malpractice suit.

title: How concerns and experiences with medical malpractice affect dermatopathologists' perceptions of their diagnostic practices when interpreting cutaneous XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study correlates force generation and healing in muscle after controlled @entity5 . Right tibialis anterior (TA) muscles from 30 @entity4 were strained to approximately 80% of failure while the left TA muscles served as control. Both injured and control muscles were then tested for ability to generate force. Seven animals were sacrificed immediately after testing and the muscles were examined grossly and histologically. Remaining animals were retested at 24 hours (N = 7), 48 hours (N = 8), and 7 days (N = 8). Contractile ability following injury was 70.5% of control immediately, 51.1% at 24 hours, 74.5% at 48 hours, and 92.5% at 7 days. Immediate histology showed limited distal fiber rupture and @entity7 . By 24 hours, histology showed fiber @entity2 , infiltration of inflammatory cells, @entity0 , and @entity7 . At 48 hours there was complete fiber breakdown and intense inflammatory cell proliferation. At 7 days @entity1 was reduced and collagen @entity3 more advanced. Our findings demonstrate that injured muscle begins functional recovery by 48 hours despite @entity1 and active healing. This suggests that decreasing muscle function seen clinically between 24 and 48 hours following @entity5 may result from @entity6 due to @entity1 . Scarring and @entity3 seen at 7 days may explain the frequent recurrence of injury to strained muscles.

title: Biomechanical and histological evaluation of muscle after controlled XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: In 60 elderly @entity0 , spinal anaesthesia for orthopaedic hip surgery was induced randomly with 15 mg @entity3 0.375% without @entity1 (Group I), 2.5% @entity1 (Group II) or 7.5% @entity1 (Group III), in 4 ml. The injection was made in the lateral position, and the @entity0 turned supine immediately after. The onset, extent and duration of sensory and motor blockade, the cardiovascular effects and the quality of anaesthesia were evaluated. The hyperbaric solutions produced a greater cephalad spread of @entity2 (T8,9 and T9,8 respectively) than the @entity1 -free solution (T10,5). The mean duration of @entity2 at the L2 level with the isobaric solution was significantly greater: 187 min versus 171 min and 150 min with the hyperbaric solutions. All the @entity0 had complete motor blockade of the lower limb. The mean duration of the motor block was significantly shorter for the 2.5% and 7.5% @entity1 solutions (137 and 125 min respectively for Bromage's degree 3) versus 170 min for the @entity1 -free solution. Although the pre-anaesthetic arterial pressures in the three groups did not differ significantly, the systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressures decreased only by about 20 to 25% in all groups. It was suggested to take into account the more rapid infusion of lactated Ringer's solution (20 ml X kg-1) in Group III. Anaesthesia was satisfactory in 95% of @entity0 in Group I and Group II, and 90% in Group III. @entity1 -free @entity3 produced a long-lasting blockade suitable for hip surgery of long duration.

title: [Spinal anesthesia with XXXX for surgery of the hip in the elderly].

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background Small bowel @entity7 (SBA) account for 50% of obscure @entity3 . Lesions bleed recurrently and current treatments are relatively ineffective at reducing re- @entity5 . Little is known about the natural history of SBA which is needed to guide treatment decisions and counsel @entity0 on prognosis. Aim The aim of this study is to describe the natural history of a cohort of @entity0 with SBA. Methods @entity0 with SBA were identified retrospectively and clinical and outcome information were collected. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with re- @entity5 . Results SBAs were found in 86 @entity0 of which 54% (n   =   47) were female, and the average age was 71.6 years. The majority (69%) had @entity1 , mean of 2.76/ @entity0 , and 65% were located in the jejunum. Follow-up was available in 65% (n   =   56). There was a significant increase in haemoglobin level from 10.05g/dL to 11.94g/dL, p   <   0.001 after mean follow up of 31.9 (6-62) months. Re- @entity5 events occurred in 80% (n   =   45), with an average of 2.91/ @entity0 . The mean interval between diagnosis and the first re- @entity5 event was 10.7 months. Of the group overall, 70% (n   =   40) required transfusions during follow up, and 67% required hospitalisation due to re- @entity5 . About 50% received a directed treatment, including @entity8 plasma coagulation, @entity6 analogues, or surgical resection. A total of 3.5% (n   =   2) died as a direct consequence of @entity5 from SBAs. @entity1 (p   =   0.048) and @entity2 (p   =   0.034) were predictive of re- @entity5 . Conclusion Our results show the significant impact of SBA on @entity0 ' morbidity, with high rates of re- @entity5 , persistent @entity4 and a mortality rate of 3.5%, despite the use of currently available medical and endoscopic therapies.

title: The natural history of small bowel XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Radiation with doses > 7.5 Gy damages the @entity2 intestinal mucosa, and pretreatment with @entity4 reduces this damage. However, the effects of radiation and of @entity4 on in vivo intestinal transport are unclear. Therefore, we determined @entity2 survival, intestinal transport, and mucosal histology following unilateral abdominal irradiation. Isoperistaltic ileostomies were prepared in 23 @entity2 under general anesthesia and aseptic conditions. After a three-week recovery period, animals were given either placebo or @entity4 , 150 mg/kg intravenously, 30 min prior to 10 Gy @entity3 -60 abdominal irradiation. Ileal transport and histology were determined in both groups before exposure and one, four, and seven days after irradiation. Seven-day survival was significantly improved by pretreatment with @entity4 (91% vs 33%, P < 0.02). On day 4, both @entity1 and net intestinal absorption were significantly better (P < 0.05) after @entity4 than after placebo. Thus, radiation-induced @entity0 is accompanied by a reduction in net ileal absorption of water and electrolytes in vivo. In addition, pretreatment with @entity4 improves animal survival while reducing ileal damage and improving intestinal absorption.

title: Effect of radiation and radioprotection on small intestinal function in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The characterization of nanomaterials under high strain rates is critical to understand their suitability for dynamic applications such as nanoresonators and nanoswitches. It is also of great theoretical importance to explore nanomechanics with dynamic and rate effects. Here, we report in situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) tensile testing of bicrystalline @entity2 nanowires at strain rates up to 2/s, which is 2 orders of magnitude higher than previously reported in the literature. The experiments are enabled by a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) with fast response time. It was identified that the nanowire @entity1 has a small activation volume (<10b(3)), suggesting dislocation nucleation as the rate controlling mechanism. Also, a remarkable brittle-to-ductile failure mode transition was observed at a threshold strain rate of 0.2/s. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that along the nanowire, dislocation density and spatial distribution of plastic regions increase with increasing strain rate. Furthermore, @entity0 ( @entity0 ) simulations show that deformation mechanisms such as grain boundary migration and dislocation interactions are responsible for such ductility. Finally, the @entity0 and experimental results were interpreted using dislocation nucleation theory. The predicted yield stress values are in agreement with the experimental results for strain rates above 0.2/s when ductility is pronounced. At low strain rates, random imperfections on the nanowire surface trigger localized plasticity, leading to a brittle-like failure.

title: High Strain Rate Tensile Testing of XXXX Nanowires: Rate-Dependent Brittle-to-Ductile Transition.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Lower @entity1 caused by exercise but relieved by rest is usually a reliable symptom of chronic @entity4 . However, similar discomfort often occurs in @entity0 who have neurospinal compression. Furthermore, both @entity2 and neurogenic causes of lower extremity discomfort may present simultaneously. Forty @entity0 with symptoms that suggested intermittent @entity3 comprised our study group. All had non-arterial cause of their complaint. The nonvascular origin of the symptoms was suggested initially by clinical evaluation in 30 @entity0 and by noninvasive evaluation in 25 @entity0 . The neurospinal origin of symptoms was obscured in 15 @entity0 because of the concomitant presence of significant @entity2 as demonstrated by noninvasive arterial testing. Twelve of these 15 @entity0 underwent arterial reconstruction, which did not relieve their symptoms. Subsequently, the neurospinal origin of their symptoms was proven by appropriate evaluation and therapy. Forms of evaluation that proved helpful in the differential diagnosis were lumbosacral spine x-rays, electromyography, nerve conduction velocity studies, computerized tomography, Doppler noninvasive assessment and, at times arteriography and contrast myelography.

title: Differentiation of vascular and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no previous prospective study on the outcome of surgical decompression of @entity2 (AC). OBJECTIVE: To investigate if surgical fenestration for AC leads to change in @entity0 ' health-related quality of life. METHODS: Prospective study including 76 adult @entity0 operated for AC. @entity0 responded to Short Form-36 and Glasgow Benefit Inventory quality of life questionnaires, and to visual analogue scales, assessing @entity1 and @entity3 pre- and postoperatively. @entity0 scores were compared with those of a large sample of healthy individuals. RESULTS: Preoperatively, 84.2% of the @entity0 experienced @entity1 and 70.1% @entity3 . Mean pre- versus postoperative Visual Analogue Scale scores for @entity1 and @entity3 dropped from 45.6 to 25.7 and from 35.2 to 12.2, respectively. Preoperative Short Form-36 scores were significantly below age norms in all subscales, but improved after surgery into normal range in 7 out of 8 subscales for middle-aged and older @entity0 . Younger @entity0 ' scores remained lower than age norm in 6 out of 8 subscales. A significant postoperative improvement was seen in 3 out of 4 Glasgow Benefit Inventory subscales. Improvement in @entity1 and/or @entity3 , but not preoperative cyst size or reduction in cyst volume, correlated with improvement in 6 out of 8 Short Form-36 subscales and 3 out of 4 Glasgow Benefit Inventory subscales. Only 1 @entity0 experienced a severe complication causing permanent invalidity. CONCLUSION: Surgery for AC can be performed with a fairly low risk of complications and yields significant improvement in quality of life correlated to postoperative improvement in @entity1 and @entity3 . These findings may justify a more liberal approach to surgical treatment for AC. ABBREVIATIONS: AC, @entity4 , chronic subdural hematomaCVRI, cyst volume reduction indexGBI, Glasgow Benefit InventorySDH, subdural hematomaSF-36, Short Form-36 (SF-36)QOL, quality of lifeVAS, Visual Analogue ScaleVP, ventriculoperitoneal.

title: Surgical Decompression of XXXX Leads to Improved Quality of Life: A Prospective Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Microbacterium sp. strain @entity1 is a bacterial strain that recently received attention for its capability to mineralize @entity0 ( @entity2 ) and other @entity3 . In this study, the survival of Microbacterium sp. in municipal sludge waters was tested in batch experiments to explore optimal process conditions. Inoculation of Microbacterium sp. was subsequently performed in a pilot membrane bioreactor (MBR) operated in two configurations: treating full-scale MBR permeate (post-treatment) and treating raw municipal wastewater. @entity2 removal by Microbacterium sp. could not be proved in any of the configurations, except for @entity2 concentrations far higher than the ones normally found in municipal wastewater. By use of molecular tools (fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis) a low capability to survive in activated sludge systems was assessed. After inoculation, Microbacterium sp. was reduced to a small fraction of the viable biomass. The observed growth rate appeared to be many times lower than the one of typical activated sludge micro-organisms. Possibilities of application in full-scale municipal wastewater treatment are scarce.

title: Evaluating the application of Microbacterium sp. strain @entity1 for the removal of XXXX in full-scale membrane bioreactors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Microbacterium sp. strain @entity1 is a bacterial strain that recently received attention for its capability to mineralize @entity0 ( @entity2 ) and other @entity3 . In this study, the survival of Microbacterium sp. in municipal sludge waters was tested in batch experiments to explore optimal process conditions. Inoculation of Microbacterium sp. was subsequently performed in a pilot membrane bioreactor (MBR) operated in two configurations: treating full-scale MBR permeate (post-treatment) and treating raw municipal wastewater. @entity2 removal by Microbacterium sp. could not be proved in any of the configurations, except for @entity2 concentrations far higher than the ones normally found in municipal wastewater. By use of molecular tools (fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis) a low capability to survive in activated sludge systems was assessed. After inoculation, Microbacterium sp. was reduced to a small fraction of the viable biomass. The observed growth rate appeared to be many times lower than the one of typical activated sludge micro-organisms. Possibilities of application in full-scale municipal wastewater treatment are scarce.

title: Evaluating the application of Microbacterium sp. strain XXXX for the removal of @entity0 in full-scale membrane bioreactors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: During the 8-year period beginning 1979, 116 cases of @entity3 were treated by limb salvage operation. Of these, the local recurrence rate was 9% and the postoperative metastatic rate was 28%. The limb salvage rate was about 80%. Limb salvage procedures were generally performed using curative surgical procedures without preoperative adjunctive therapy. However, reduction of the surgical margin to achieve local cure was made possible by combined therapy with preoperative adjunctive chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The wide procedures combined with preoperative adjunctive therapy achieved a local curability rate equal to curative procedures. Marginal procedures following preoperative radiotherapy were also undertaken in those cases in which the @entity2 was located in an area for which curative or wide procedures were not feasible. Also, similar procedures were performed for @entity0 of advanced age, @entity0 with lung @entity1 , @entity0 who refused ablative surgery, and for extirpation of lymph node @entity1 . Accordingly, we were able to determine which procedures best ensure local curability. Also, the most significant prognostic factor was found to be local recurrence caused by inadequate surgical margin. This was especially true in the treatment of high malignant @entity5 . Moreover, from analysis of recurrent cases, the suggested factors contributing to local recurrence were: the invasive character of the @entity2 , lymph node @entity1 , @entity6 @entity1 , @entity2 dissemination due to pathological @entity4 , previously performed inadequate surgery, venous invasion, and multicentrical occurrence of certain @entity2 .

title: [Procedures and results of limb salvage surgery of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Approximately 10% of all cases of @entity6 arise from a rib. Conventional management has included chest wall resection (3 or more ribs) and radiation therapy. These forms of therapy have led to complications such as @entity5 and @entity3 . The addition of radiation therapy can result in @entity4 and also potentiate @entity4 . Between 1971 and 1978, 9 @entity0 were treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and combination chemotherapy (three- or four-drug regimen). Only 2 @entity0 (22%) survive. Since 1979, 14 @entity0 were entered into a new protocol consisting of sequential induction chemotherapy, followed by delayed surgical resection whenever feasible. Three @entity0 had complete resection of their @entity2 at onset. Initially, 7 @entity0 had either biopsy (N = 4) or incomplete chest wall resection N = 3). All 4 @entity0 with biopsy only at diagnosis had excellent responses to induction chemotherapy, allowing delayed resection of the involved rib without chest wall resection. Overall, 12 of 14 @entity0 (86%) treated since 1979 survive, with only 2 receiving radiation therapy for @entity1 in the primary rib site.

title: Chest wall resection for XXXX of the rib: an unnecessary procedure.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a rare case of bilateral @entity11 as presentation of an obstructing @entity13 . METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 41-year-old healthy @entity0 presented with distortion of his peripheral vision for 9 months. He denied @entity3 or @entity4 . Examination showed bilateral @entity1 , @entity6 , and absent spontaneous venous pulsations. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance venography were unrevealing. Lumbar puncture showed a normal opening pressure of 19 cm cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF protein was significantly elevated at 3.22 g/L (0.10-0.45 g/L). Spinal MRI with contrast revealed a @entity2 in the T9 vertebral body extending through the disc spaces into T8 and T10, compressing the spinal cord. Computed tomography-guided biopsy confirmed a @entity13 . He received radiotherapy to the spine T7-T11 to reduce @entity9 followed by a 6-month course of chemotherapy with @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity10 . Disc swelling improved on starting radiotherapy with complete resolution 8 months posttreatment. MRI spine showed reduction of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the importance of spinal imaging in @entity0 with normal cranial scans and raised CSF protein levels who lack the typical @entity12 intracranial @entity5 phenotype.

title: Bilateral XXXX as a presentation of an obstructing @entity13 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a rare case of bilateral @entity11 as presentation of an obstructing @entity13 . METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 41-year-old healthy @entity0 presented with distortion of his peripheral vision for 9 months. He denied @entity3 or @entity4 . Examination showed bilateral @entity1 , @entity6 , and absent spontaneous venous pulsations. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance venography were unrevealing. Lumbar puncture showed a normal opening pressure of 19 cm cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF protein was significantly elevated at 3.22 g/L (0.10-0.45 g/L). Spinal MRI with contrast revealed a @entity2 in the T9 vertebral body extending through the disc spaces into T8 and T10, compressing the spinal cord. Computed tomography-guided biopsy confirmed a @entity13 . He received radiotherapy to the spine T7-T11 to reduce @entity9 followed by a 6-month course of chemotherapy with @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity10 . Disc swelling improved on starting radiotherapy with complete resolution 8 months posttreatment. MRI spine showed reduction of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the importance of spinal imaging in @entity0 with normal cranial scans and raised CSF protein levels who lack the typical @entity12 intracranial @entity5 phenotype.

title: Bilateral @entity11 as a presentation of an obstructing XXXX .

answer: @entity13


abstract: The results in ninety-three knees that had been treated by proximal tibial opening-wedge osteotomy for @entity1 and @entity3 of the medial compartment were evaluated after a mean length of follow-up of 11.5 years (range, ten to thirteen years). After ten years, only forty-two (45 per cent) of the ninety-three knees had an excellent or good result, and in fifty-one knees there was recurrent @entity2 for which seventeen had another operation. At five years, on the other hand, 90 per cent of the knees had a good result. Deterioration occurred at an average of seven years after the osteotomy and was always associated with recurrence of @entity2 . Although the results deteriorated with time, time was not the only determinant of the result. Alignment, measured as the hip-knee-ankle angle on radiographs of the whole limb that were made with the @entity0 bearing weight, was also a determinant of long-term results. The best results were obtained in the twenty knees that had a hip-knee-ankle angle of 183 to 186 degrees. In these knees, there was no @entity2 and no progression of the @entity5 in either the medial or the lateral tibiofemoral compartment. Of the five knees that had an angle of more than 186 degrees, all five had progressive degenerative changes in the lateral compartment. In the sixty-eight undercorrected knees (an angle of less than 183 degrees), the results were less satisfactory, and there was a tendency toward recurrence of the @entity1 and progression of the @entity4 of the medial compartment. However, when the correction was insufficient the deterioration was slow (average, seven years), and it was not associated with @entity6 and deterioration of the lateral compartment, which are the changes that characterize the natural course of gonarthrosis as described by Hernborg and Nilsson. Therefore, proximal tibial osteotomy is a very suitable operation for @entity0 who have gonarthrosis of the medial compartment, but a rigidly standardized and precise operative technique is required as well as accurate radiographic measurements of the mechanical axis of the limb, because exact postoperative alignment is the prerequisite for the longest possible period of relief of symptoms after osteotomy.

title: Proximal tibial osteotomy for @entity3 with XXXX . A ten to thirteen-year follow-up study.

answer: @entity1