abstract: The transplantable hormone-responsive @entity1 mammary @entity4 13762NF was dissociated with collagenase and hyaluronidase. Cells were cloned directly or lines were established from mass cultures and cells from these lines were cloned. Clones differed in cellular morphology, colony morphology on plastic or in collagen gel, growth rate, growth response to hormones, and hormone receptor levels. Growth response to prolactin, @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) was determined by culturing the cells within collagen gel and using a serum-free medium base of @entity9 (1:1) with insulin, @entity7 , and BSA. The clones varied in their hormone responses, with all 20 of the clones tested responding to @entity5 in combination with @entity8 . Some clones would respond to @entity8 , @entity5 , or @entity6 when used alone. None of the clones tested could be stimulated by prolactin or @entity2 . Receptor levels for @entity2 , @entity6 , glucocorticoids, and @entity8 were assessed in 3 selected clones differing in their hormone responsiveness. Receptor levels appeared to correlate with hormonal sensitivity. Selected clones transplanted into female F344 @entity1 produced @entity3 with histopathologies similar to the @entity0 .

title: Heterogeneity in the hormonal responsiveness of clones derived from the 13762NF @entity1 mammary XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The transplantable hormone-responsive @entity1 mammary @entity4 13762NF was dissociated with collagenase and hyaluronidase. Cells were cloned directly or lines were established from mass cultures and cells from these lines were cloned. Clones differed in cellular morphology, colony morphology on plastic or in collagen gel, growth rate, growth response to hormones, and hormone receptor levels. Growth response to prolactin, @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) was determined by culturing the cells within collagen gel and using a serum-free medium base of @entity9 (1:1) with insulin, @entity7 , and BSA. The clones varied in their hormone responses, with all 20 of the clones tested responding to @entity5 in combination with @entity8 . Some clones would respond to @entity8 , @entity5 , or @entity6 when used alone. None of the clones tested could be stimulated by prolactin or @entity2 . Receptor levels for @entity2 , @entity6 , glucocorticoids, and @entity8 were assessed in 3 selected clones differing in their hormone responsiveness. Receptor levels appeared to correlate with hormonal sensitivity. Selected clones transplanted into female F344 @entity1 produced @entity3 with histopathologies similar to the @entity0 .

title: Heterogeneity in the hormonal responsiveness of clones derived from the 13762NF XXXX mammary @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine how the implementation of @entity4 (PSA) testing has affected disease-specific survival and other characteristics of @entity3 . METHODS: Data were collected on all @entity0 with @entity3 diagnosed between 1988 and 1998 and registered in the Center for @entity5 Research Database at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Statistical analyses were used to summarize trends over time in survival, mortality, and clinical stage. RESULTS: Between 1988 and 1998, a total of 2042 @entity0 with @entity3 were registered at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 86.9% and 93.7% for @entity0 diagnosed in the respective year groups of 1988 to 1991 and 1992 to 1994, with follow-up through December 1, 2000 (P < 0.001). @entity3 was the cause of @entity2 for 37.5% of the @entity0 in 1988 to 1989 versus 15.4% in 1999 to 2000. Marked stage migration has occurred; from 1988 to 1998, the percentage of @entity0 presenting with @entity1 decreased from 14.1% to 3.3% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A statistically significant improved 5-year disease-specific survival and a decreased chance of dying from @entity3 has occurred after the widespread implementation of PSA. We suspect that PSA testing has resulted in fewer @entity0 presenting with @entity1 and more @entity0 presenting with localized disease amenable to curative treatment. This portends well for the use of PSA screening to improve outcomes for @entity3 . However, randomized trials are needed to confirm the improvements in survival and mortality.

title: Improved @entity3 -specific survival and other disease parameters: impact of XXXX testing.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine how the implementation of @entity4 (PSA) testing has affected disease-specific survival and other characteristics of @entity3 . METHODS: Data were collected on all @entity0 with @entity3 diagnosed between 1988 and 1998 and registered in the Center for @entity5 Research Database at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Statistical analyses were used to summarize trends over time in survival, mortality, and clinical stage. RESULTS: Between 1988 and 1998, a total of 2042 @entity0 with @entity3 were registered at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 86.9% and 93.7% for @entity0 diagnosed in the respective year groups of 1988 to 1991 and 1992 to 1994, with follow-up through December 1, 2000 (P < 0.001). @entity3 was the cause of @entity2 for 37.5% of the @entity0 in 1988 to 1989 versus 15.4% in 1999 to 2000. Marked stage migration has occurred; from 1988 to 1998, the percentage of @entity0 presenting with @entity1 decreased from 14.1% to 3.3% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A statistically significant improved 5-year disease-specific survival and a decreased chance of dying from @entity3 has occurred after the widespread implementation of PSA. We suspect that PSA testing has resulted in fewer @entity0 presenting with @entity1 and more @entity0 presenting with localized disease amenable to curative treatment. This portends well for the use of PSA screening to improve outcomes for @entity3 . However, randomized trials are needed to confirm the improvements in survival and mortality.

title: Improved XXXX -specific survival and other disease parameters: impact of @entity4 testing.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 (nt) sequence polymorphism within a collection of @entity3 (WSMV) isolates was examined. An approximately 1267-nt region encompassing the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) cistron and flanking sequences was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for each of 49 isolates not previously sequenced. Consensus sequences were compiled for each isolate based on sequences derived from three clones per RT-PCR product. Among 59 consensus sequences examined, only two were identical. Clades A-C contained divergent isolates from Mexico (Clade A); the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Russia (Clade B); and Iran (Clade C). Fifty-four closely related consensus sequences of isolates from the U.S. (51 sequences), Canada (1 sequence), and @entity0 (2 sequences) comprised Clade D. Pair-wise nt divergence between two of the most distantly related sequences (Sidney 81 of Clade D and El Bat  n 3 of Clade A) was 20%, representing over half of the variable sites (34.1%) in the entire WSMV data set. Maximum pairwise nt divergence within Clade D was 3.6%, yet the proportion of all variable sites within Clade D (21.4%) was similar to that of the Sidney 81-El Bat  n 3 pair. Patterns of polymorphism within Clade D and the Sidney 81-El Bat  n 3 pair were remarkably similar with respect to synonymous, nonsynonymous, and noncoding substitutions, as were the proportions of substitutions as a function of nt position within codons. The majority of substitutions within Clade D were synonymous and randomly distributed throughout the coding region examined, whereas nonsynonymous substitutions exhibited a clumped distribution and mostly occurred within the 5'-proximal portion of the @entity4 cistron. Because over half of the polymorphic sites within Clade D were of allele size class 1, the isolates appear to be evolving independently and in a nondeterministic manner, within the constraints of selection. These results indicate that Clade D has undergone substantial and, most likely, recent divergence with the majority of consensus sequence substitutions potentially neutral with respect to fitness. An estimate of evolution rate suggests that the present diversity within the U.S. population arose in about a century, a timeframe corresponding to the establishment of @entity2 monoculture in the Great Plains.

title: Patterns of polymorphism in XXXX : sequence space explored by a clade of closely related viral genotypes rivals that between the most divergent strains.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Upregulation of the inducible cyclooxygenase ( @entity4 ) in the macula densa accompanies the activation of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in many high- @entity3 conditions. The functional role of @entity4 in these disease states is poorly understood. We tested whether @entity4 is required to increase @entity3 in @entity2 . @entity0 with established two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) @entity1 were treated for 2 wk with two different inhibitors of @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity6 , respectively. @entity1 in 2K1C @entity0 was not affected or slightly enhanced by @entity4 inhibition, as measured intra-arterially in conscious animals. The increase in plasma @entity3 activity was also unchanged by both @entity6 and @entity5 . The number of glomeruli with a @entity3 -positive juxtaglomerular apparatus was elevated in clipped kidneys and decreased in contralateral kidneys of 2K1C @entity0 . This pattern was unaltered by @entity4 inhibition. To test the effects of @entity4 blockade on a primarily macula densa-mediated stimulus, we studied salt depletion for comparison. A low-salt diet induced a significant increase in plasma @entity3 activity, which was partially inhibited by treatment with @entity5 . We conclude that inhibition of @entity4 in established @entity2 does not affect @entity3 synthesis or release. Thus either @entity4 is not necessary for the macula densa mechanism or the macula densa is not important for maintaining high @entity3 in @entity2 .

title: Role of macula densa cyclooxygenase-2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A noninvasive marker of bone turnover would be useful in predicting which @entity0 are at risk of rapid @entity5 and in monitoring response to therapy. @entity2 (CT)-induced @entity7 correlates with bone turnover but has not been a clinically useful test because changes in serum @entity4 are small, and test duration is long. CT rapidly increases plasma @entity3 levels. We conducted studies in @entity1 and in @entity0 to characterize the origin of this rise, and to determine its suitability as a potential clinical marker of bone resorption. Administration of CT to @entity1 resulted in a prompt and sustained rise in plasma @entity3 . This effect was not blunted by nephrectomy and was greater in @entity4 -deprived @entity1 with increased bone resorption. Thus, it appears to reflect CT action on bone. An intramuscular injection of 100 units salmon CT elevated plasma @entity3 in 18 normal @entity0 and @entity0 . This effect was observed by 20 min after injection and persisted over 2 h. Although basal levels of plasma @entity3 were similar in healthy postmenopausal @entity0 and @entity0 , the response to CT was greater in @entity0 . The response of @entity0 with @entity6 was greater than that of normal @entity0 , and the response of pagetic @entity0 was greater than that of normal @entity0 . The rise in plasma @entity3 following CT is rapid and easily measured and appears to correlate with the state of bone remodeling. Additional studies will be required in osteoporotic subjects with high and low remodeling activity before the clinical utility of this test can be determined.

title: Plasma cyclic AMP response to XXXX : a potential clinical marker of bone turnover.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility of an intervention designed to promote sleep and modify @entity3 during four cycles of adjuvant @entity0 chemotherapy. DESIGN: Prospective, repeated measures, quasi-experimental feasibility study. SETTING: Midwestern urban oncology clinics. SAMPLE: 25 @entity1 between the ages of 40-65 (mean = 54.3) with stage I-II @entity0 receiving @entity2 -based chemotherapy. METHODS: Each @entity1 developed, reinforced, and revised an individualized sleep promotion plan (ISPP) with four components: sleep hygiene, relaxation therapy, stimulus control, and sleep restriction techniques. A daily diary, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a wrist actigraph, and the Piper Fatigue Scale were used to collect data two days before and seven days after each treatment. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Adherence, sleep and wake outcomes, and @entity3 . FINDINGS: Adherence rates with the components of the ISPP varied during treatments one through four: sleep hygiene (68%-78%), relaxation therapy (57%-67%), stimulus control (46%-67%), and sleep restriction (76%-80%). Mean sleep and wake outcomes at baseline, peak, and rebound times were that (a) sleep latency remained brief (less than 30 minutes per night), (b) time awake after sleep onset exceeded the desired less than 30 minutes per night, (c) sleep efficiency scores remained stable at 85%-90%, (d) total rest time remained stable at 8-10 hours per night, (e) subjective ratings of feelings on arising were stable, and (f) nighttime awakenings were 8-10 per night. Fatigue outcomes were that @entity3 was stable two days after each treatment and mean daily @entity3 intensity was lower at treatment three than at treatment one but rebounded at treatment four. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention was feasible, adherence rates improved over time, and most sleep and wake patterns were consistent with normal values. Revisions will focus on decreasing nighttime awakenings. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Adopting behaviors to promote sleep may assist in maintaining sleep and managing @entity3 during chemotherapy.

title: Feasibilty of a sleep intervention during adjuvant XXXX chemotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 is the second leading @entity1 in Germany. The mortality is still 60%. 75% of the @entity0 have no risk factors for @entity2 , 18% have a positive family history for the disease. In these @entity0 @entity2 arise from benign @entity3 . A 76-90% reduction in @entity2 incidence can be achieved by endoscopic polypectomy. @entity1 stage is an important determinant of outcome. In Dukes stage A the overall survival rate is over 90%. By annual fecal occult blood test the incidence and mortality rate of @entity2 can be reduced significantly. The combination of fecal occult blood test and flexible sigmoidoscopy seems to be more effective. An alternative strategy is a colonoscopy every ten years. But the important problem in Germany is the very low compliance of the @entity0 . Only 16% of the @entity0 and 34% of the @entity0 are participating in @entity1 surveillance program.

title: [ XXXX : screening--early detection].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is the most common @entity1 in @entity0 in Taiwan. In order to improve the detection of cervical lesions using the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear in screening, a number of adjunctive tests have been developed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of a magnified chemiluminescent screening examination (speculoscopy) combined with the Pap smear (PapSure) in detecting @entity1 . METHODS: A total number of 572 @entity0 underwent routine @entity1 screening by receiving a Pap smear and speculoscopy examination. When either the Pap smear or speculoscopy result was positive, colposcopy was performed. Targeted biopsies were taken from any suspicious lesions that were found by positive colposcopies and the data analyzed using McNemar's test. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity0 had a positive on either screening test. Of the 62 biopsy specimens obtained, 3 @entity0 showed high-grade squamous @entity2 (HGSIL), and 13 @entity0 showed low-grade squamous @entity2 (LGSIL). The histopathological findings were correlated at different levels with the results of the Pap smear alone and speculoscopy alone and both combined. The Pap smear alone detected 1.0% (6 of 572) of significant pathology, while speculoscopy alone detected 2.3% (13 of 572) of significant pathology. The use of the PapSure showed enhanced detection (16 of 572) compared with either the Pap smear alone or speculoscopy alone. CONCLUSIONS: Speculoscopy can be combined with the Pap smear (PapSure) as a @entity1 screening test to yield a higher detection rate of biopsy-confirmed cervical pathology in @entity0 than the use of the Pap smear or speculoscopy alone.

title: The evaluation of XXXX screening by combining speculoscopy with Papanicolaou smear examination in Taiwan.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 and @entity7 both are common causes of primary @entity6 . Coexistence of @entity5 and @entity7 has been previously described as a rare event. The karyotypes, 45,XO,45,X/46,XX,45,X/46,X,dic(X),46,XX, and 46,XY, have been reported in the literature. A 22-year-old @entity0 presented with primary @entity6 and normal intelligence. Her physical examination confirmed the absence of breast development and axillary hair. The @entity0 weighed 43 kg and was 150 cm tall. Scoliosis of the thoracic spine was noted on a chest X-ray film. Also, her pelvic examination revealed a vaginal introitus with a vaginal depth of 7 cm, measured by sounding. Her external genitalia were female but lacked pubic hair. The rectal examination failed to reveal a uterus. Pelvic ultrasound disclosed the absence of uterus and ovaries, and her serum gonadotropin levels were in the menopausal range (FSH, 118.59 IU/L; LH, 38.94 IU/L). @entity1 was less than 10 pg/ml. Two mosaic cell lines, 45,X (50%) and 46,X,del(X)(p22.2X50%), were found in the chromosomal study. Laparoscopic evaluation confirmed the absence of uterus and ovaries with normal fallopian tubes. Coexistence of @entity5 and @entity7 is a rare event. The two mosaic cell lines 45,X/46,X,del(X)(p22.2) in this combination have not been reported before. In @entity0 with this condition, @entity4 will initiate and sustain maturation and function of secondary sexual characteristics, and lifelong hormone therapy will protect against @entity3 and @entity2 .

title: Coexistence of @entity5 and XXXX with two mosaic cell lines 45,X/46,X,del(X)(p22.2).

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity5 and @entity7 both are common causes of primary @entity6 . Coexistence of @entity5 and @entity7 has been previously described as a rare event. The karyotypes, 45,XO,45,X/46,XX,45,X/46,X,dic(X),46,XX, and 46,XY, have been reported in the literature. A 22-year-old @entity0 presented with primary @entity6 and normal intelligence. Her physical examination confirmed the absence of breast development and axillary hair. The @entity0 weighed 43 kg and was 150 cm tall. Scoliosis of the thoracic spine was noted on a chest X-ray film. Also, her pelvic examination revealed a vaginal introitus with a vaginal depth of 7 cm, measured by sounding. Her external genitalia were female but lacked pubic hair. The rectal examination failed to reveal a uterus. Pelvic ultrasound disclosed the absence of uterus and ovaries, and her serum gonadotropin levels were in the menopausal range (FSH, 118.59 IU/L; LH, 38.94 IU/L). @entity1 was less than 10 pg/ml. Two mosaic cell lines, 45,X (50%) and 46,X,del(X)(p22.2X50%), were found in the chromosomal study. Laparoscopic evaluation confirmed the absence of uterus and ovaries with normal fallopian tubes. Coexistence of @entity5 and @entity7 is a rare event. The two mosaic cell lines 45,X/46,X,del(X)(p22.2) in this combination have not been reported before. In @entity0 with this condition, @entity4 will initiate and sustain maturation and function of secondary sexual characteristics, and lifelong hormone therapy will protect against @entity3 and @entity2 .

title: Coexistence of XXXX and @entity7 with two mosaic cell lines 45,X/46,X,del(X)(p22.2).

answer: @entity5


abstract: Collagenase in @entity0 neutrophils is found within intracellular granules which can be stimulated to be secreted with @entity4 myristic @entity2 . This extracellular secreted form of neutrophil collagenase was isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody previously shown to specifically recognize neutrophil collagenase. The enzyme efficiently bound to this column and was eluted with @entity5 as three major species of 75, 57, and 22 kDa, respectively. These proteins were closely related immunologically since, after radiolabeling and separation by gel filtration, each of the three proteins was precipitated by the monoclonal antibody. Also, the 75- and 57-kDa proteins exhibited collagenase activity after elution from @entity3 gels run under nondenaturing conditions. Further, the 57-kDa protein autodegraded into a 22-kDa protein with time. Polyclonal antibody, prepared to the 57-kDa enzyme, also recognized the 75- and 22-kDa proteins using an immunoblot technique. When crude neutrophil supernatants containing latent collagenase were immunoblotted, both the 75- and the 57-kDa enzymes were present. Our immunoaffinity purified active enzymes, although activated during the course of purification, resemble the latent enzymes in crude neutrophil supernatants. The multiple forms of secreted collagenase from degranulated leukocytes may resemble more closely that seen in @entity1 .

title: Secreted forms of XXXX neutrophil collagenase.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two of four siblings expressed the salt-losing form of @entity2 (CAH) and had identical human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) and complement C4 (fourth component of complement) types (HLA-A3,C4,B35,C4A3,C4BQO,DR1/A2,C-,B18,C4A3, C4BQO,DR6). The father and one unaffected sibling were heterozygous carriers of CAH, as determined by a 30-min iv ACTH stimulation test and HLA typing. In addition, the iv ACTH stimulation test revealed that the mother and the other unaffected sibling also carried an allele for an attenuated form of CAH. Restriction endonuclease digests of genomic DNA obtained from members of this family and from normal unrelated subjects were hybridized with cDNA probes encoding @entity0 21-hydroxylase and C4. With the 21-hydroxylase probe, Southern blots prepared from control DNA samples revealed two major restriction fragments in each of four restriction endonuclease digests; TaqI produced major bands at 3.7 and 3.2 kilobases (kb), KpnI at 4.0 and 2.9 kb, EcoRI at 18 and 13 kb, and BglII at 15 and 12.5 kb. Southern blots prepared from DNA of the two @entity0 lacked the 3.7-kb TaqI and 2.9-kb KpnI fragments, but had increased hybridization intensity (relative to control DNA samples) in the 3.2-kb TaqI and 4.0-kb KpnI fragments. By contrast, blots with EcoRI or BglII had two large hybridization fragments not different from control DNA samples. These data indicate the presence of two different 21-hydroxylase genes. Additional mapping studies revealed that the two genes had the restriction pattern of the inactive 21-hydroxylase gene. When genomic DNA that had been isolated from all members of this family and from normal subjects was hybridized with the @entity0 C4 cDNA probe, the restriction fragment hybridization patterns for all four endonuclease digests were similar in the two groups. Hence, our results suggest that the 21-hydroxylase deficiency of our @entity0 is due to conversion of the active 21-hydroxylase gene to the inactive gene. This gene conversion was associated with absence of functional @entity1 protein, without any detectable alterations in the restriction fragment pattern of the C4 genes.

title: Gene conversion in salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia with absent complement XXXX protein.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We examined several possible causes for the high incidence of poor sensory acuity in the limbs of 176 @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity4 . We investigated the relationships of @entity1 , @entity2 , and smoking, as well as the severity of @entity4 , to the integrity of basic sensory modalities such as two-point discrimination and perception of light touch. The presence or absence of @entity1 exerted the strongest effect on peripheral sensation. In @entity0 who did not have @entity1 , sensation in the limbs was most strongly affected by whether the @entity0 was an alcoholic. Smoking did not have a significant effect on limb sensation. Among nondiabetic, nonalcoholic @entity0 , there was a weak residual effect related to the severity of the @entity4 . Even among these @entity0 , however, systemic factors predominated in determining the @entity5 . We also examined the extent to which @entity5 might be related to the development of @entity3 . Among @entity0 who were not @entity1 , there was a highly significant relationship between @entity5 and the presence of limb @entity3 . Surprisingly, however, there was no discernable relationship between the presence of @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 and the degree of @entity5 . This result suggests that a large percentage of @entity3 seen in @entity1 @entity0 are not of neurogenic origin.

title: Factors relating to the sensory acuity of limbs with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Between 1979 and 1983 56 @entity1 with @entity0 underwent tumorectomy plus lymphadenectomy, postoperative irradiation and adjuvant antioestrogen therapy in cases of hormone receptor positive @entity3 . All @entity1 with hormone receptor negative @entity3 received 6 cycles of combined CMF chemotherapy instead of antioestrogen therapy. It was possible to complete optimal dosage of CMF or @entity5 in more than 85% of our @entity1 . @entity6 occurred in only 3 @entity1 given chemotherapy, whilst intolerable gastrointestinal side effects occurred in 4 patients given antioestrogen therapy. No interference was detected between irradiation and chemo- or hormone therapy and no serious local complications with functional impairment were registered. 23% of the @entity1 had positive axillary nodes at the time of operation. The preoperative staging proved incorrect in 16% of cases, the @entity3 size exceeding 2 cm. After a mean follow-up period of 36 months the local recurrence rate was 3.6% and distant @entity2 appeared in 9% of @entity1 , whereby there was a significant dependence on lymph node status. No @entity1 died of @entity3 during the observation period. In view of the hypothesis that @entity0 is a @entity4 more attention should be paid to local cosmetic results and to systemic adjuvant therapy.

title: [Experiences with an organ-saving and adjuvant-therapy concept in stage 1 XXXX after 6 years of use within the scope of a controlled clinical study].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Even if the effectiveness of psychotherapy emphasising a cognitive behavioral approach is clearly shown by randomised controlled trials, it is difficult to motivate @entity3 @entity0 to use this type of treatment. We compared the effectiveness of consultation and liaison models of co-operation between an outpatient @entity1 clinic and a psychosomatic department in creating motivation to psychotherapy. METHODS: In a retrospective design we collected data of all @entity0 seen in the @entity1 clinic during two periods of 6 months before ( N=165) and after ( N=277) changing from a consultation to a liaison model. Clinical data were documented by the MASK system (Hildebrandt u. Pfingsten 1993). @entity2 was screened using a @entity2 scale (vgl. Zerssen 1973), somatic complaints by listing of complaints (vgl. Zerssen u. Koeller 1976) and two short screening questionnaires. RESULTS: In the liaison model diagnostic sessions with the consulting psychotherapist were significantly more often recommended by physicians from anaesthesia departments (25.6% vs 13.9%; p<0.01) and accepted by @entity0 (63.3 vs 30.4%; p<0.01). In both systems 80% of the @entity0 accepted the suggested psychotherapy. After changing to the liaison type of co-operation, there was a significant decrease in the prescription of opioid and @entity4 drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The liaison model of co-operation was significantly more effective to enhance physician's and @entity0 's motivation for a psychosomatic approach to @entity1 treatment. Psychotherapy is better accepted by @entity0 suffering from @entity3 if it is offered in a multidisciplinary context and in the familiar surroundings of the @entity1 clinic.

title: [Consultation or liaison psychotherapy service--what difference does it make for an outpatient XXXX clinic?].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Stool weight, fecal constituents, @entity2 , fat, neutral @entity1 , and intestinal transit time were recorded in 28 subjects over 18 mo. During the first 12 mo the subjects ate white bread. They were studied for an initial period of 7 days, and after 6 mo (study period 1). For the first 6 mo they ate their usual intake of bread, they then increased their white bread intake by 62 g/day for 6 mo (study @entity3 ). The subjects ate a self-selected diet throughout the 18 mo study. During the last 6 mo (study @entity4 ) the subjects replaced white bread by the same amount of wholemeal bread as in study @entity3 . No increase in stool weight occurred until study @entity4 when there was an increase of 20%. There developed a linear relationship between stool weight and intestinal transit time which was not found during the initial first and second study periods. A seasonal influence on serum @entity0 was not observed during the wholemeal bread period. Fecal @entity5 excretion was unchanged throughout the experiment.

title: Long-term effect of wholemeal bread on stool weight, transit time, fecal @entity2 , fats, and neutral XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Stool weight, fecal constituents, @entity2 , fat, neutral @entity1 , and intestinal transit time were recorded in 28 subjects over 18 mo. During the first 12 mo the subjects ate white bread. They were studied for an initial period of 7 days, and after 6 mo (study period 1). For the first 6 mo they ate their usual intake of bread, they then increased their white bread intake by 62 g/day for 6 mo (study @entity3 ). The subjects ate a self-selected diet throughout the 18 mo study. During the last 6 mo (study @entity4 ) the subjects replaced white bread by the same amount of wholemeal bread as in study @entity3 . No increase in stool weight occurred until study @entity4 when there was an increase of 20%. There developed a linear relationship between stool weight and intestinal transit time which was not found during the initial first and second study periods. A seasonal influence on serum @entity0 was not observed during the wholemeal bread period. Fecal @entity5 excretion was unchanged throughout the experiment.

title: Long-term effect of wholemeal bread on stool weight, transit time, fecal XXXX , fats, and neutral @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fifty @entity0 with severe @entity4 had no transfusions of blood products until just before marrow transplantation from HLA-identical family members. Of the 50, 42 are still alive 1 to 12 years after transplantation (median, 7 years). By actuarial standards, the 10-year probability of survival is 82%. Of the 42 surviving @entity0 , 37 have Karnofsky performance status scores of 100% and 5 with @entity3 have scores ranging from 50% to 90% (median, 80%). The 8 @entity1 were caused by @entity2 in 1, graft rejection in 1, @entity3 in 3, and @entity3 in 3. All @entity1 occurred within two years after transplantation. The incidence of graft failure was 10%. @entity3 developed in 14 of 44 @entity0 at risk and @entity3 , in 15 of 41. Risk factors for development of @entity3 included increased age (p = 0.008) and presence of @entity3 (p = 0.001). The only factor associated with increased risk of @entity1 was development of @entity3 (p = 0.05). Results of this study extend our previous finding that @entity0 with severe @entity4 who have transplants before the onset of transfusion-induced sensitization have an excellent probability of long-term survival and a normal life.

title: Marrow transplantation for severe XXXX . Long-term outcome in fifty "untransfused" @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Fifty @entity0 with severe @entity4 had no transfusions of blood products until just before marrow transplantation from HLA-identical family members. Of the 50, 42 are still alive 1 to 12 years after transplantation (median, 7 years). By actuarial standards, the 10-year probability of survival is 82%. Of the 42 surviving @entity0 , 37 have Karnofsky performance status scores of 100% and 5 with @entity3 have scores ranging from 50% to 90% (median, 80%). The 8 @entity1 were caused by @entity2 in 1, graft rejection in 1, @entity3 in 3, and @entity3 in 3. All @entity1 occurred within two years after transplantation. The incidence of graft failure was 10%. @entity3 developed in 14 of 44 @entity0 at risk and @entity3 , in 15 of 41. Risk factors for development of @entity3 included increased age (p = 0.008) and presence of @entity3 (p = 0.001). The only factor associated with increased risk of @entity1 was development of @entity3 (p = 0.05). Results of this study extend our previous finding that @entity0 with severe @entity4 who have transplants before the onset of transfusion-induced sensitization have an excellent probability of long-term survival and a normal life.

title: Marrow transplantation for severe @entity4 . Long-term outcome in fifty "untransfused" XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In 1979-81, 419 @entity0 with incident cases of @entity6 and 732 controls were questioned regarding diet and @entity4 . @entity1 cases were a population-based series reported to the South Australian Central @entity1 Registry, were 30-74 years of age, and were residing in Metropolitan Adelaide. Controls were selected from the electoral roll and individually age- and sex-matched to @entity1 cases. The most consistent risk factor for @entity2 was dietary protein, which was associated with a twofold-to-threefold relative risk for @entity6 and for @entity1 in @entity0 for all levels of consumption above the base line (i.e., the lowest consumption quintile). For male @entity6 the corresponding relative risk was similar; but for male @entity1 , risk was elevated only at old ages. Total energy intake and, less clearly, meal frequency were also positively associated with increased risk. Total @entity4 intake (but not specifically beer) was associated with increased risk of both @entity6 in @entity0 ; in both sexes, there was an increased risk of @entity6 associated with spirits consumption. A reduced risk of @entity1 was associated with @entity5 but not with @entity7 . The increased risk associated with high protein and total energy was confined to those consuming a low fiber diet, particularly among @entity0 ; but some other aspects of the relationship between fiber consumption and risk of @entity2 were more complex. Some modifications and extensions of the current fat-to- @entity8 -to-fiber theory of bowel @entity3 were suggested.

title: Diet and XXXX and rectum: a case-control study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Expression of @entity2 receptors of cultured @entity0 lymphocytes has been investigated by using monoclonal antibody (5E9) specific for @entity0 @entity2 receptors. When isolated lymphocytes were cultured in a medium containing fetal calf serum, the biosynthesis of @entity2 receptor was barely detectable. The addition of concanavalin A or human serum to the medium caused a slight stimulation of the biosynthesis. The addition of concanavalin A and human serum in combination caused the highest biosynthetic activity. Appearance of the receptor on the cell surface increased in parallel with the degree of the synthesis. Treatment of concanavalin A- and human serum-treated cells with @entity3 ( @entity4 ) resulted in a marked stimulation of the phosphorylation of the receptor. Enhancement of phosphorylation occurred within 20 min after the addition of @entity4 . The density of the receptor on the cell surface slightly increased upon @entity4 treatment of cells, and the treatment was without effect on @entity1 incorporation from @entity2 into the cells. The density of newly synthesized receptor in @entity4 -treated cells was similar to that in non-treated cells. These results indicated that @entity4 treatment of mitogen-activated @entity0 lymphocytes stimulated the phosphorylation of @entity2 receptors, but @entity4 had no effect on the expression of the receptors thereafter.

title: Expression and phosphorylation of XXXX receptors in mitogen-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In order to genetically map and eventually isolate avirulence genes, parasexual crosses between different races of @entity1 @entity2 . lycopersici were performed by means of protoplast fusion. Two wild-type strains, race 1 Fol004 (A1a2a3) and race 3 Fol029 (a1a2A3), were transformed with @entity0 and @entity3 resistance genes, respectively. In total 32 fusion products were selected by screening for the presence of both marker genes. The presence of either avirulence gene A1 or A3 in the fusion products was determined by plant bioassays. Segregation of avirulence revealed a bias for the presence of A1. Two recombinants for the avirulence phenotype were observed, each with a new association of avirulence genes never observed to exist in the wild. Electrophoretic karyotype analysis revealed that chromosome patterns were different for all fusion products. Hybridization patterns using various probes indicated that chromosome rearrangements and recombination had occurred. Karyotype analysis of the two avirulence recombinants revealed hybrid karyotypes resulting from a massive exchange of parental DNA. This indicates that the present population of recombinants can be used for gene mapping in the asexual fungus @entity1 @entity2 . lycopersici.

title: Genetic exchange of avirulence determinants and extensive karyotype rearrangements in parasexual recombinants of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 in the course of @entity1 like @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and of course essential @entity3 (ET), are characterized by life-threatening complications. In a number of clinical trials the recently introduced drug Agrylin((R)) has proven to be very effective. The normalization of the platelet count was related to an interference with megakaryocyte maturation leading to a left-shifting of this cell lineage and/or a reduced proliferation. However, until now no systematic study has been performed on the relationship between development of megakaryopoiesis and proliferative activity. In this investigation we included 10 @entity0 with @entity6 and 5 @entity0 with ET that had received Agrylin((R)) for a period ranging between 6 and 70 months. Following therapy this cohort revealed a decrease in the platelet count from 1,104x10(9)/l at diagnosis to 485x10(9)/l. In this context we focused on an immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis of the @entity5 (+) megakaryopoiesis involving also endomitotic reduplication, by applying a double-immune incubation technique with the @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Moreover, we determined the changes of fiber density during observation time. According to our results, the @entity2 effect of Agrylin((R)) is based on an arrest in the dynamics of megakaryocyte maturation towards large (mature) platelet-shedding (polyploid) cells. This pathomechanism causes a significant increase in the number of promegakaryoblasts and megakaryoblasts. On the other hand, the total amount of @entity5 (+) megakaryocytic cells is not increased. Related to the peculiar cell biology of endomitotic reduplication during the maturation process and its different periods alloted to each single step, @entity4 activity (late G1- and S-phase of the cell cycle) is found to be enhanced in the megakaryocyte precursors. Finally, no significant influence of Agrylin((R)) on the evolution of @entity6 is detectable and there is a general improvement of hematological data especially in @entity6 .

title: [Anagrelide-induced changes of megakaryopoiesis during therapy of @entity1 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 in the course of @entity1 like @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and of course essential @entity3 (ET), are characterized by life-threatening complications. In a number of clinical trials the recently introduced drug Agrylin((R)) has proven to be very effective. The normalization of the platelet count was related to an interference with megakaryocyte maturation leading to a left-shifting of this cell lineage and/or a reduced proliferation. However, until now no systematic study has been performed on the relationship between development of megakaryopoiesis and proliferative activity. In this investigation we included 10 @entity0 with @entity6 and 5 @entity0 with ET that had received Agrylin((R)) for a period ranging between 6 and 70 months. Following therapy this cohort revealed a decrease in the platelet count from 1,104x10(9)/l at diagnosis to 485x10(9)/l. In this context we focused on an immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis of the @entity5 (+) megakaryopoiesis involving also endomitotic reduplication, by applying a double-immune incubation technique with the @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Moreover, we determined the changes of fiber density during observation time. According to our results, the @entity2 effect of Agrylin((R)) is based on an arrest in the dynamics of megakaryocyte maturation towards large (mature) platelet-shedding (polyploid) cells. This pathomechanism causes a significant increase in the number of promegakaryoblasts and megakaryoblasts. On the other hand, the total amount of @entity5 (+) megakaryocytic cells is not increased. Related to the peculiar cell biology of endomitotic reduplication during the maturation process and its different periods alloted to each single step, @entity4 activity (late G1- and S-phase of the cell cycle) is found to be enhanced in the megakaryocyte precursors. Finally, no significant influence of Agrylin((R)) on the evolution of @entity6 is detectable and there is a general improvement of hematological data especially in @entity6 .

title: [Anagrelide-induced changes of megakaryopoiesis during therapy of XXXX with @entity3 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT: During episodes of @entity0 / @entity4 , the neurochemical and environmental changes considered toxic for nervous tissue lie behind the characteristic abrupt @entity6 ( @entity6 ). A strong resemblance with other pathologic events enable us to postulate that @entity6 is a different state of the tissue that includes among others the anoxic depolarization and Le o s spreading @entity3 . @entity6 is an active event. Neurons enter and leave @entity6 suddenly and synchronously, and contrary to current belief, their membrane integrity is preserved and ion gradients are only reduced. Biophysical membrane properties are not compatible with some postulates based on endotoxines. There is a direct relation between @entity6 susceptibility of the different neuron types/nuclei and their vulnerability to @entity0 / @entity4 . Two different substates can be distinguished in the associated interstitial potentials that are likely related to @entity1 , respectively. The different modes and timings of anoxic @entity5 depend on the duration of @entity6 , the functional integrity of the glial network, and the history of previous insults. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 is a cellular state of risk bridging life and @entity2 . Neurons die if they cannot exit, but may recover if they do promptly, although still have to face subtle changes as well initiated during @entity6 that will eventually lead them to a delayed @entity2 . Avoiding @entity6 is escaping @entity2 . From a clinical point of view, the relevant point is that manipulating @entity6 entails the simultaneous control of all toxic neurochemical concomitants. Reinforcing vulnerable neurons to avoid their falling into @entity6 is possible

title: [Tracking along the path toward ischemic XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present 4 @entity0 with @entity1 who had a favourable evolution as well as to show that many cases have better prognosis than it is usually though. CASE REPORT: Anamnesis, image and psychological studies of 4 @entity0 with @entity1 , who had been seen in the Pediatric Neurology Service of the University Hospital La Paz of Madrid. RESULTS: Four of our 11 @entity0 with @entity1 (36.36%) presented a favourable evolution. Their age ranged between 25 months old and 12 years old. The comprehensive language corresponded to their ages in 3 @entity0 . Two @entity0 began to talk at 19 and 20 months respectively. Three @entity0 exhibited a normal language and 1 only communicated by gestures at the time of the last clinical study. All the four @entity0 walked without help. The mental level was calculated by the Raven scale in 2 cases and they showed a borderline intellectual quotient (IQ). Both @entity0 were self sufficient in their daily cleanliness and feeding. A @entity0 was able to read, to write and to make mathematical calculi. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 is a heterogeneous disease from the clinic and genetics points of view, as well as in the evolution. Because of that, an attentive neuropsychological evaluation is necessary before giving the prognosis of the @entity0 .

title: [ XXXX . Report of four cases with a favourable evolution].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A locus containing two hsp16 genes in @entity3 has been characterized by DNA sequencing. Each gene encodes a 16-kDa polypeptide which is expressed following heat induction. The two genes, designated @entity4 and @entity6 , are arranged in divergent orientations, and each contains a single intron of 46 and 58 base pairs, respectively. Although both gene transcripts are spliced efficiently in vivo, @entity6 corresponds to a previously isolated cDNA which contains an unspliced intron sequence. The 5'-noncoding regions of both genes contain TATA boxes preceded 18 or 19 @entity2 upstream by a @entity1 regulatory sequence. The 3'-noncoding regions contain polyadenylation signals (AATAAA) either downstream ( @entity4 ) or immediately adjacent ( @entity6 ) to a sequence capable of forming a hairpin. This pair of hsp16 genes is flanked by three copies of an approximately 200-bp dispersed repetitive element (two copies on one side and a single one on the other side of the locus) which occurs in at least 70 copies throughout the @entity3 genome, and has been designated CeRep-16. Together with data described previously (Russnak, R. H., and Candido, E. P. M. (1985) Mol. Cell. Biol. 5, 1268-1278), the results presented here define a family of four distinct, related small @entity1 protein genes. These are arranged in divergently transcribed pairs at two loci. The @entity5 /41 genes code for one class of HSP16, 143- @entity0 residues long, while the @entity7 genes encode the other class, which is 2 @entity0 residues longer. Thus each locus codes for the two major types of HSP16. The two loci differ in a number of respects, including the presence of a tandem inverted duplication of two @entity1 protein genes at one locus, and of repetitive elements at the other. Sequence comparisons allow us to propose a scheme for the evolution of the four genes and reveal conserved features of noncoding regions which may be involved in the regulation of their transcription, RNA processing, or translation. Using locus-specific hybridization probes, we have found that the genes at locus @entity4 /41 are expressed at levels approximately 20-40-fold higher than those at locus @entity8 .

title: Structure, expression, and evolution of a @entity1 gene locus in XXXX that is flanked by repetitive elements.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A locus containing two hsp16 genes in @entity3 has been characterized by DNA sequencing. Each gene encodes a 16-kDa polypeptide which is expressed following heat induction. The two genes, designated @entity4 and @entity6 , are arranged in divergent orientations, and each contains a single intron of 46 and 58 base pairs, respectively. Although both gene transcripts are spliced efficiently in vivo, @entity6 corresponds to a previously isolated cDNA which contains an unspliced intron sequence. The 5'-noncoding regions of both genes contain TATA boxes preceded 18 or 19 @entity2 upstream by a @entity1 regulatory sequence. The 3'-noncoding regions contain polyadenylation signals (AATAAA) either downstream ( @entity4 ) or immediately adjacent ( @entity6 ) to a sequence capable of forming a hairpin. This pair of hsp16 genes is flanked by three copies of an approximately 200-bp dispersed repetitive element (two copies on one side and a single one on the other side of the locus) which occurs in at least 70 copies throughout the @entity3 genome, and has been designated CeRep-16. Together with data described previously (Russnak, R. H., and Candido, E. P. M. (1985) Mol. Cell. Biol. 5, 1268-1278), the results presented here define a family of four distinct, related small @entity1 protein genes. These are arranged in divergently transcribed pairs at two loci. The @entity5 /41 genes code for one class of HSP16, 143- @entity0 residues long, while the @entity7 genes encode the other class, which is 2 @entity0 residues longer. Thus each locus codes for the two major types of HSP16. The two loci differ in a number of respects, including the presence of a tandem inverted duplication of two @entity1 protein genes at one locus, and of repetitive elements at the other. Sequence comparisons allow us to propose a scheme for the evolution of the four genes and reveal conserved features of noncoding regions which may be involved in the regulation of their transcription, RNA processing, or translation. Using locus-specific hybridization probes, we have found that the genes at locus @entity4 /41 are expressed at levels approximately 20-40-fold higher than those at locus @entity8 .

title: Structure, expression, and evolution of a XXXX gene locus in @entity3 that is flanked by repetitive elements.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The gtfB gene coding for a glucosyltransferase (GTF) activity of @entity3 GS-5 was isolated on a 15.4-kilobase DNA fragment by using a lambda L47.1 gene library. The activity was catalyzed by gene products of 150 and 145 kilodaltons which reacted with antibodies directed against both soluble and insoluble glucan-synthesizing GTFs. The enzyme present in crude @entity1 extracts synthesized both soluble and insoluble glucans. The enzyme was partially purified from lysates of the lambda DS-76 clone and synthesized both types of glucans in a primer-independent fashion. In addition, the purified enzyme exhibited a pI of approximately 5.0. Southern blot analysis indicated that the cloned GTF gene represented a contiguous @entity0 sequence on the strain GS-5 chromosome. Furthermore, evidence for the existence of a distinct gene sharing partial homology with gtfB was also obtained. The gtfB gene was subcloned into plasmid pACYC184 into @entity1 and exhibited GTF activity when carried on GS-5 inserts as small as 5 kilobases. The approximate location of the GTF promoter and the direction of gene transcription were also determined. The cloned enzyme was not secreted through the cytoplasmic membrane of @entity1 , since most of the activity was found in the cytoplasm and, in lesser amounts, associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. The gtfB gene was insertionally inactivated by introducing a gene fragment coding for @entity2 resistance into the GTF coding region. After transformation of strain GS-5 with the altered gene, transformants defective in insoluble glucan synthesis were identified. These results indicate that the gtfB gene codes for a GTF involved in insoluble glucan synthesis in strain GS-5.

title: Cloning of a XXXX glucosyltransferase gene coding for insoluble glucan synthesis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 -dependent protease II ( @entity3 -II) from @entity1 heart is a heterodimer with subunit molecular weights of 80,000 and 26,000. Previous studies have demonstrated that the protease requires 350 microM @entity0 for half-maximal activity and that the large subunit contains both the catalytic and @entity0 binding functions of the enzyme. The function of the small subunit has been unclear. We have examined the effect of @entity0 on structural and catalytic properties of @entity3 -II in the presence and absence of substrate proteins. When incubated with @entity0 in the absence of substrate, @entity3 -II undergoes a series of autoproteolytic cleavages that sequentially reduce the small subunit's molecular weight from 26,000 to 24,000 to 22,000 to 17,000. During this time there is no detectable change in the 80-kDa subunit, which remains associated with the autolyzed small subunit. The rate of autoproteolysis is dependent on temperature and on the concentration of @entity0 (half-maximal rate at approximately 600 microM @entity0 ). The first cleavage appears to be unimolecular because its rate is unaffected by @entity3 -II concentration or by the presence of exogenous protein substrates. Subsequent cleavages result in the formation of the 80-kDa/17-kDa heterodimer and appear to occur by bimolecular reactions; rates of these reactions were slowed by decreasing @entity3 -II concentrations and by the presence of protein substrates. Autoproteolysis of the small subunit has two distinct functional consequences, each of which is associated with different forms of the autolyzed protease. Our results indicate that the 80-kDa/26-kDa form of @entity3 -II represents an inactive proenzyme and that the initial @entity0 -dependent cleavage of the 26-kDa subunit results in activation of the protease. The activated enzyme hydrolyzes protein substrates with a @entity0 concentration requirement of 350 microM for half-maximal rates. The further autoproteolysis, which results in the formation of the 80-kDa/17-kDa heterodimer, serves to reduce the @entity0 concentration requirement for protease activity by 25-fold. Thus, these results provide evidence for specific roles of the small subunit in the regulation of @entity3 -II activity.

title: Autoproteolysis of the small subunit of XXXX -dependent protease II activates and regulates protease activity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Haeme metabolism remains a vulnerable problem for the intraerythrocytic @entity8 which catabolises haemoglobin as a source of @entity5 in an acidic, @entity1 -rich lysosome-like digestive vacuole. Haeme monomer, capable of generating @entity1 radicals, transforms into an inert crystal named malarial pigment or haemozoin by forming unique dimers that then crystalise. Laveran first described pigmented bodies in @entity0 to define a protozoan as the aetiologic agent of @entity3 . The trail of @entity3 pigment enabled Ross to implicate the mosquito in the life cycle of @entity8 . In 1991, Slater and Cerami postulated a unique @entity2 - @entity6 bond between two haemes in haemozoin crystals based on infrared and X-ray spectroscopy data. Additionally, parasite extracts were shown to possess a 'haeme polymerase' enzymatic activity as the process of crystal formation was then termed. Importantly, the @entity10 , such as choloroquine, inhibit haemozoin formation. A @entity8 derived @entity7 -rich protein II, which binds haeme and initiates haemozoin formation, is present in the digestive vacuole. Pfhistidine-rich protein II and Pfhistidine-rich protein III are sufficient, but not necessary for haemozoin formation as a laboratory clone lacking both still makes the haeme crystals. The reduvid bug, and the Schistosoma and Haemoproteus genera also make haemozoin. Recently, Bohle and coworkers used X-ray diffraction to document the iron-carboxylate bond in intact desiccated parasites and to show that a Fe1-O41 head to tail haeme dimer is the unit building block of haemozoin. The role of the @entity8 histidine-rich protein family members, lipids or potential novel proteins in the exact molecular assembly of the large molecular weight haeme crystals in the protein rich digestive vacuole needs to be solved. Accurate experimental determination of the role of haemozoin formation and inhibition as the target of @entity4 is fundamental to determination of the mechanism of @entity9 drug action and resistance. The enhanced understanding of the biosynthetic pathway leading to haemozoin formation using functional proteomic tools and the mechanisms through which existing antimalarial drugs affect @entity8 haeme chemistry will help design improved chaemotherapeutic agents.

title: Theories on malarial pigment formation and XXXX action.

answer: @entity9


abstract: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that some of the proliferative effects of steroid hormones on @entity2 cells are mediated by the @entity7 proto-oncogenes. The @entity1 @entity0 cell line MCF-7 is @entity5 ( @entity5 ) positive (+). NCI/ADR-RES is a @entity1 cell line lacking the @entity5 ( @entity5 -) that was initially named @entity9 and @entity3 kinase activities were examined in cell lines treated with beta-estradiol for 24 hours. Increases in @entity8 and @entity9 activities were observed after treatment with beta-estradiol in the @entity5 (+) MCF-7 cells but not in the @entity5 (-) NCI/ADR-RES cells. In contrast, no significant changes in @entity3 activity were observed. Thus beta-estradiol can induce @entity8 and @entity9 activities in @entity5 (+) cells. In addition, beta-estradiol caused cell cycle progression in MCF-7 cells and an increased proliferative response to beta-estradiol was observed in MCF-7, which overexpressed constitutively-active @entity8 (MCF/DeltaRaf-1). Increased mRNA levels of the ligand for the @entity4 receptor, @entity6 (ARG) were observed after beta-estradiol treatment of MCF-7 cells whereas constitutively higher levels of ARG and its receptor, @entity4 mRNAs were detected in MCF/DeltaRaf-1 cells. These findings suggest that targeting @entity7 may prove efficacious in @entity0 therapies.

title: The effects of beta-estradiol on XXXX activity, cell cycle progression and growth factor synthesis in the @entity0 cell line.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that some of the proliferative effects of steroid hormones on @entity2 cells are mediated by the @entity7 proto-oncogenes. The @entity1 @entity0 cell line MCF-7 is @entity5 ( @entity5 ) positive (+). NCI/ADR-RES is a @entity1 cell line lacking the @entity5 ( @entity5 -) that was initially named @entity9 and @entity3 kinase activities were examined in cell lines treated with beta-estradiol for 24 hours. Increases in @entity8 and @entity9 activities were observed after treatment with beta-estradiol in the @entity5 (+) MCF-7 cells but not in the @entity5 (-) NCI/ADR-RES cells. In contrast, no significant changes in @entity3 activity were observed. Thus beta-estradiol can induce @entity8 and @entity9 activities in @entity5 (+) cells. In addition, beta-estradiol caused cell cycle progression in MCF-7 cells and an increased proliferative response to beta-estradiol was observed in MCF-7, which overexpressed constitutively-active @entity8 (MCF/DeltaRaf-1). Increased mRNA levels of the ligand for the @entity4 receptor, @entity6 (ARG) were observed after beta-estradiol treatment of MCF-7 cells whereas constitutively higher levels of ARG and its receptor, @entity4 mRNAs were detected in MCF/DeltaRaf-1 cells. These findings suggest that targeting @entity7 may prove efficacious in @entity0 therapies.

title: The effects of beta-estradiol on @entity7 activity, cell cycle progression and growth factor synthesis in the XXXX cell line.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To study the characteristics and outcome of @entity0 with @entity3 in a low-incidence region. METHODS: 98 @entity0 with @entity3 who had been referred to the Surgical Department, National Hospital, Oslo, between 1981 and 1999 were studied retrospectively. @entity1 size, prevalence of @entity2 , serum @entity4 concentration, rate of resection, type of resection and survival were analysed. RESULTS: 19% (19/98) of the @entity0 had @entity2 of varying aetiology. Median @entity1 size was 10 cm. @entity4 was normal in 46% of the @entity0 . Hepatic resection was performed in 30 (31%) @entity0 and 77% of the resections were major (more than 2 segments). Abdominal exploration was done in 33 @entity0 and liver transplantation in 6 @entity0 . No surgical intervention was made in 31 @entity0 . Five-year actuarial survival in resected @entity0 was 24%. Median survival of non-resected @entity0 was 3.3 months. CONCLUSION: The @entity0 characteristics in this study differ from @entity0 cohorts with @entity3 in other geographical areas. The main differences are large @entity1 size, low prevalence of the disease, and diverse aetiology of @entity2 .

title: XXXX in a low-incidence region. Surgical perspectives.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Shock resuscitation is integral to early management of severely injured @entity0 . Our standardized shock resuscitation protocol, developed in 1997 and implemented as a computerized intensive care unit (ICU) bedside decision support tool in 2000, used @entity1 delivery index (Do I) > or = 600 mL/min/m as the intervention endpoint. In a recent publication, Shoemaker et al. refuted positive outcome effect of early supranormal Do (i.e., Do I > or = 600) resuscitation. In response to and because of ongoing concern for excessive volume loading, we decreased our Do I endpoint from 600 to 500. Our hypothesis was that by decreasing the Do I endpoint, less crystalloid would be administered. We compare resuscitation responses to the protocol with goals of Do I > or = 600 versus 500 in two @entity0 cohorts. METHODS: A standardized protocol was used to direct bedside decisions for resuscitation of @entity0 with @entity2 (Injury Severity Score > 15), @entity3 (> or = 6 units of packed red blood cells), metabolic stress (base deficit > or = 6 mEq/L), and no severe @entity4 . The protocol logic is to attain and maintain Do I > or = a specified goal for the first 24 ICU hours using primarily blood and volume loading. Two cohorts were compared: Do I > or = 500 (18 @entity0 admitted February-August 2001) versus Do I > or = 600 (18 @entity0 admitted during 2000 age and gender matched with the Do I > or = 500 group). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, chi, and t tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Both groups had similar demographics (age 30 +/- 3 years; 78% @entity0 ; Injury Severity Score 27 +/- 3), hemodynamics, and severity of shock at start of resuscitation in the ICU. Resuscitation response was Do I increase to > or = 600 for both cohorts within approximately 12 hours. Throughout the 24-hour ICU process, the Do I > or = 500 cohort received less lactated Ringer's volume than the Do I > or = 600 cohort (total of 8 +/- 1 vs. 12 +/- 2 L; p < 0.05) and tended to receive less blood transfusion (total of 3 +/- 1 vs. 5 +/- 1 units of packed red blood cells). CONCLUSION: Shock resuscitation using Do I > or = 500 was indistinguishable from Do I > or = 600 mL/min/m. Less volume loading was required to attain and maintain Do I > or = 500 than 600 using computerized protocol technology to standardize resuscitation during the first 24 ICU hours.

title: Normal versus supranormal XXXX delivery goals in shock resuscitation: the response is the same.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 of the posterior fossa/ @entity3 ( @entity4 ) are the most common malignant primary @entity1 of childhood. Current approaches to therapy for @entity0 with @entity4 are illustrative of both the advances which have been made in management of @entity2 and the areas where increased understanding is needed. With the optimal use of surgery and radiotherapy, the majority of @entity0 with @entity4 can be expected to be alive and free of disease 5 years after diagnosis. Based on various factors, including the age of @entity0 , the extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis and histological parameters, it is possible to stratify @entity0 with @entity4 into 'risk' groups. It is unclear whether preoperative or postoperative factors are most predictive of outcome. @entity0 with factors predictive of a higher likelihood of disease relapse seem to benefit from treatment with chemotherapy. The amount of radiotherapy and the type and amount of chemotherapy which is most efficacious in controlling the disease has yet to be determined. @entity0 surviving @entity4 are at high risk for endocrinologic and neuropsychologic sequelae. Multiple prospective treatment protocols are now underway, attempting to determine which therapy is best at controlling disease without causing severe long-term damage. A multidisciplinary approach is needed for the treatment of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Management of @entity0 with primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the posterior fossa/ XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 of the posterior fossa/ @entity3 ( @entity4 ) are the most common malignant primary @entity1 of childhood. Current approaches to therapy for @entity0 with @entity4 are illustrative of both the advances which have been made in management of @entity2 and the areas where increased understanding is needed. With the optimal use of surgery and radiotherapy, the majority of @entity0 with @entity4 can be expected to be alive and free of disease 5 years after diagnosis. Based on various factors, including the age of @entity0 , the extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis and histological parameters, it is possible to stratify @entity0 with @entity4 into 'risk' groups. It is unclear whether preoperative or postoperative factors are most predictive of outcome. @entity0 with factors predictive of a higher likelihood of disease relapse seem to benefit from treatment with chemotherapy. The amount of radiotherapy and the type and amount of chemotherapy which is most efficacious in controlling the disease has yet to be determined. @entity0 surviving @entity4 are at high risk for endocrinologic and neuropsychologic sequelae. Multiple prospective treatment protocols are now underway, attempting to determine which therapy is best at controlling disease without causing severe long-term damage. A multidisciplinary approach is needed for the treatment of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Management of XXXX with primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the posterior fossa/ @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, detections of early @entity4 (EGC) have been increasing, and the treatment strategies for @entity4 have been changing. To demonstrate recent clinical experience of EGC in Japan and to assess modern strategies for the treatment of EGC, we investigated the English-language literature of the past 10 years through computer searches. METHODS: This article intends to provide gastric surgeons with recent Japanese experience of the treatment for EGC. In a search for modern treatments of EGC, we selected 100 papers published in well-known medical journals, and focused on the following items of EGC: (1) prognostic factors, (2) endoscopic treatment, (3) surgical procedures, and (4) Japanese guidelines. RESULTS: The most important factor influencing the survival of @entity0 with EGC is the status of lymph node @entity1 . The incidence of lymph node @entity1 is 1-3% for @entity5 and 11-20% for @entity2 . Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a technique for the treatment of EGC, and the recent indication includes the @entity2 confined to the mucosa up to 3 cm in size or those invading the superficial submucosa. Surgical procedures include conventional Billroth I gastrectomy, limited resections, and laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic wedge resection using the lesion-lifting method and laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy provide less @entity3 , faster recovery and shorter hospital stay. Guidelines for the treatment of @entity4 proposed by the Japanese @entity4 Association show that @entity0 with @entity5 can be managed by EMR or distal gastrectomy, whereas @entity0 with @entity2 are candidates for distal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection. CONCLUSION: Although the prognosis of @entity0 with EGC depends on the presence or absence of lymph node @entity1 , most are successfully treated by modern endoscopic or surgical techniques. Laparoscopic surgery and limited resections will contribute to the better quality of life of @entity0 with EGC.

title: Modern treatment of early XXXX : review of the Japanese experience.

answer: @entity4


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case of lower-extremity @entity2 induced by physical exertion in a @entity0 with Type 2 (failure of segmentation) @entity5 is reported. OBJECTIVE: To describe the uncommon presentation of neurologic sequelae in a @entity0 with @entity5 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Various reports have described neurologic sequelae in @entity0 with Type 1 (failure of formation) @entity5 . To the authors' knowledge, no case of @entity5 leading to @entity1 has been reported. METHODS: A 17-year-old @entity0 presented with a 3-year history of progressively worsening @entity3 . During exertion, numbness developed along the posterior aspects of his legs, and he experienced a wobbly sensation in his lower extremities that prevented his participation in athletic activities. His static and dynamic neurologic examination was unremarkable. However, he developed a wide-based clumsy myelopathic gait when he was asked to run in the halls of the clinic. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that the spinal cord was draped over the posterior vertebral body of T10. Anterior thoracic spinal cord decompression and fusion were performed through a seventh rib thoracotomy using a structural rib graft to fill the defect. The anterior 1 cm of bone was left intact so as not to cause any additional instability. RESULTS: The @entity0 tolerated the procedure well and had complete resolution of his exertionally dependent @entity4 . At this writing, 3 years after surgery, he is involved in the Navy ROTC program. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity5 is a rare entity, it should be followed carefully and corrected surgically when appropriate. A history of exertional @entity2 may be an early sign of spinal cord impingement and is an indication for surgical decompression.

title: Exertional @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case of lower-extremity @entity2 induced by physical exertion in a @entity0 with Type 2 (failure of segmentation) @entity5 is reported. OBJECTIVE: To describe the uncommon presentation of neurologic sequelae in a @entity0 with @entity5 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Various reports have described neurologic sequelae in @entity0 with Type 1 (failure of formation) @entity5 . To the authors' knowledge, no case of @entity5 leading to @entity1 has been reported. METHODS: A 17-year-old @entity0 presented with a 3-year history of progressively worsening @entity3 . During exertion, numbness developed along the posterior aspects of his legs, and he experienced a wobbly sensation in his lower extremities that prevented his participation in athletic activities. His static and dynamic neurologic examination was unremarkable. However, he developed a wide-based clumsy myelopathic gait when he was asked to run in the halls of the clinic. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that the spinal cord was draped over the posterior vertebral body of T10. Anterior thoracic spinal cord decompression and fusion were performed through a seventh rib thoracotomy using a structural rib graft to fill the defect. The anterior 1 cm of bone was left intact so as not to cause any additional instability. RESULTS: The @entity0 tolerated the procedure well and had complete resolution of his exertionally dependent @entity4 . At this writing, 3 years after surgery, he is involved in the Navy ROTC program. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity5 is a rare entity, it should be followed carefully and corrected surgically when appropriate. A history of exertional @entity2 may be an early sign of spinal cord impingement and is an indication for surgical decompression.

title: Exertional XXXX in @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The clinical efficacy of submucosal anal injections of @entity5 in advanced @entity4 is investigated. An experimental study on 20 @entity2 has shown that @entity5 injected into the anal submucosa has no clinicopathological effect on the anorectum. The clinical study comprised 18 @entity0 with advanced @entity4 (13 with stage T3 and 5 with stage T4 disease) as a test group in whom @entity5 was injected into the anal submucosa and 8 (6 with stage T3 and 2 with stage T4 @entity1 ) treated concurrently with intravenous @entity5 . The dose in both groups was 50 mg. every 5 days for 5 consecutive doses. The course was repeated at 3-week intervals. Most @entity0 received @entity5 as outpatients. @entity5 blood levels were measured 4 and 24 hours after administration in both groups. In the test group 10 of the 18 @entity0 showed complete @entity1 regression and were alive 21 to 50 months after the start of treatment. Partial regression was observed in 8 @entity0 . Hematological reserve remained unchanged. Mild @entity3 occurred in 3 @entity0 . Of the 8 @entity0 treated intravenously the @entity1 showed partial regression in 1, was stable in 3 and progressed in 4. Side effects were severe in 5 @entity0 . Our results show that @entity5 injection is highly effective in the treatment of advanced @entity4 . It is safe, well tolerated and can be used on an outpatient basis.

title: Anal submucosal injection: a new route for drug administration in pelvic @entity1 . II. XXXX anal injection in the treatment of advanced @entity4 . Preliminary study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The clinical efficacy of submucosal anal injections of @entity5 in advanced @entity4 is investigated. An experimental study on 20 @entity2 has shown that @entity5 injected into the anal submucosa has no clinicopathological effect on the anorectum. The clinical study comprised 18 @entity0 with advanced @entity4 (13 with stage T3 and 5 with stage T4 disease) as a test group in whom @entity5 was injected into the anal submucosa and 8 (6 with stage T3 and 2 with stage T4 @entity1 ) treated concurrently with intravenous @entity5 . The dose in both groups was 50 mg. every 5 days for 5 consecutive doses. The course was repeated at 3-week intervals. Most @entity0 received @entity5 as outpatients. @entity5 blood levels were measured 4 and 24 hours after administration in both groups. In the test group 10 of the 18 @entity0 showed complete @entity1 regression and were alive 21 to 50 months after the start of treatment. Partial regression was observed in 8 @entity0 . Hematological reserve remained unchanged. Mild @entity3 occurred in 3 @entity0 . Of the 8 @entity0 treated intravenously the @entity1 showed partial regression in 1, was stable in 3 and progressed in 4. Side effects were severe in 5 @entity0 . Our results show that @entity5 injection is highly effective in the treatment of advanced @entity4 . It is safe, well tolerated and can be used on an outpatient basis.

title: Anal submucosal injection: a new route for drug administration in pelvic @entity1 . II. @entity5 anal injection in the treatment of advanced XXXX . Preliminary study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The clinical efficacy of submucosal anal injections of @entity5 in advanced @entity4 is investigated. An experimental study on 20 @entity2 has shown that @entity5 injected into the anal submucosa has no clinicopathological effect on the anorectum. The clinical study comprised 18 @entity0 with advanced @entity4 (13 with stage T3 and 5 with stage T4 disease) as a test group in whom @entity5 was injected into the anal submucosa and 8 (6 with stage T3 and 2 with stage T4 @entity1 ) treated concurrently with intravenous @entity5 . The dose in both groups was 50 mg. every 5 days for 5 consecutive doses. The course was repeated at 3-week intervals. Most @entity0 received @entity5 as outpatients. @entity5 blood levels were measured 4 and 24 hours after administration in both groups. In the test group 10 of the 18 @entity0 showed complete @entity1 regression and were alive 21 to 50 months after the start of treatment. Partial regression was observed in 8 @entity0 . Hematological reserve remained unchanged. Mild @entity3 occurred in 3 @entity0 . Of the 8 @entity0 treated intravenously the @entity1 showed partial regression in 1, was stable in 3 and progressed in 4. Side effects were severe in 5 @entity0 . Our results show that @entity5 injection is highly effective in the treatment of advanced @entity4 . It is safe, well tolerated and can be used on an outpatient basis.

title: Anal submucosal injection: a new route for drug administration in pelvic XXXX . II. @entity5 anal injection in the treatment of advanced @entity4 . Preliminary study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is common, often severe, and usually recurrent, and it carries an excess risk of mortality due to medical illness as well as suicide. At referral centers, recurrence risk averages 85% within 2-3 years of full recovery from an acute episode. The natural history of @entity1 is highly variable, but typically episodes las ca. 6 months, with cycles of ca. 2 years. Yet, most long-term treatment studies are limited to the year or two following recovery from an acute episode. Accordingly, available evidence best supports a relapse-preventing effect of tri-cyclic antidepressants or @entity2 within the first months after apparent recovery but is less compelling regarding prevention of later recurrences of new episodes. Other treatments have not been evaluated systematically. The hypothesis that bipolarlike, but apparently unipolar, @entity0 might respond selectively to @entity2 maintenance requires further testing. Knowledge of long-term dose-benefit and dose-risk relationships is starting to emerge for @entity2 , but these relationships remain inadequately tested for antidepressants. Actual levels of clinical treatment of @entity1 appear to fall short of the ideal, and much additional research and education is required to improve care in this very common disorder.

title: Is there a long-term protective effect of mood-altering agents in unipolar XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Lipoproteins suppress several immune functions (mitogen-induced lymphoblast transformation, macrophage functions). Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is responsible for most of these effects. Diet may cause an elevation in LDL level. Therefore, we investigated the effect of @entity1 -rich diet upon the mitogen response of @entity0 . The @entity1 and LDL- @entity1 level of @entity0 was elevated after 8 days of diet. The blastogenic response of spleen cells separated by Ficoll-Paque gradient decreased. The response to phytomitogens 1, and 10 micrograms/ml phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and 10 micrograms/ml concanavalin A (Con A) was measured by @entity2 incorporation after 3 days of culture. The decrease of blastogenic response was more pronounced at the higher doses (10 micrograms/ml PHA, and 10 micrograms/ml Con A). For the lymphocyte cultures that did not contain autologous (rat) serum, we suggest that suppressed response was caused by an alteration of either in the membrane or in the metabolism of cells participating in the mitogen response. The decreased amount of LDL receptors and a derangement in intracellular @entity1 biosynthesis are supposed. The clinical implications of the immunosuppressive effect of dietary @entity1 is discussed.

title: [Effect of hyperlipemia on mitogen-induced blastogenesis in lymphocytes isolated from the XXXX spleen].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Wound healing is a complex process of which growth and motility are essential features. The aim of this study was to search for keratinocyte-derived secreted factors that may play a role in these mechanisms, and their corresponding receptors. Growth and motility factors were purified from conditioned medium from cultured primary keratinocytes. Receptor and growth factor expression profiles were investigated by immunohistochemical, western blotting, and in situ hybridization analysis on cultured keratinocytes and tissue sections derived from chronic wounds. The most potent autocrine growth factor for keratinocytes, which it was possible to purify and sequence from keratinocyte-conditioned medium, is @entity5 . Its receptor @entity3 is up-regulated on the membranes of keratinocytes lining the edge of the wound. From the same keratinocyte-conditioned medium, heregulin-alpha was purified as a potent motility factor for keratinocytes. Its receptor is @entity6 , which is up-regulated on the membranes of keratinocytes lining the edge of the wound and on keratinocytes that had migrated towards the centre of the wound. @entity7 - another receptor for heregulin-alpha - is weakly present in occasional cells near the edge of the wound. The co-receptor for @entity6 and @entity7 is @entity4 , which is also present in epidermal cells but not overexpressed. This study shows that heregulin-alpha is a potent motility factor for normal epithelial cells and that it plays a central role in the process of wound healing of stratified epithelia. Heregulin-alpha has already been shown to be the motility factor leading to migration of @entity4 / @entity4 -overexpressing @entity0 cells. The role of @entity5 as a growth factor and of heregulin-alpha as a motility factor for keratinocytes in epidermal and @entity1 healing parallels their motility and growth induction in @entity2 .

title: The role of heregulin-alpha as a motility factor and XXXX as a growth factor in wound healing.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Previously, we demonstrated that Ia+ epidermal cells (EC) have @entity3 ( @entity3 ) antigen-presenting capacity in vitro and play an important role in resistance to @entity5 in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the effects of in vivo ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of the skin on the @entity3 -immunity function of EC both in vitro and in vivo and on the pathogenesis of @entity5 . Immune T cells cultured with EC and @entity3 antigen showed a proliferative response in vitro. Exposure of the skin to UV light 1 to 3 days before preparation of EC resulted in dose-dependent impairment of this proliferation. This UV-induced impairment of the accessory cell function of EC was accompanied by a parallel reduction of the number of Ia+ EC. We also transferred these EC-stimulated T cells to intracutaneously infected @entity0 . Immune T cells stimulated with EC obtained from irradiated @entity0 did not effectively clear @entity3 and allowed development of zosteriform @entity1 . In contrast normal-EC-stimulated immune T cells completely prevented the formation of a zosteriform @entity4 . In addition, @entity0 irradiated with UV on shaved midflank skin 2 days before intracutaneous inoculation of @entity3 showed increased severity of @entity2 and a higher incidence of latency compared with control @entity0 . These studies indicate that in vivo UV irradiation of the skin abrogates the immune function of EC both in vitro and in vivo, and affects @entity3 pathogenesis. The implication of our results for the better understanding of the effect of UV on acute and recurrent @entity5 is discussed.

title: The effects of ultraviolet irradiation of the XXXX : alteration in immune function mediated by epidermal cells and in the course of @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Previously, we demonstrated that Ia+ epidermal cells (EC) have @entity3 ( @entity3 ) antigen-presenting capacity in vitro and play an important role in resistance to @entity5 in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the effects of in vivo ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of the skin on the @entity3 -immunity function of EC both in vitro and in vivo and on the pathogenesis of @entity5 . Immune T cells cultured with EC and @entity3 antigen showed a proliferative response in vitro. Exposure of the skin to UV light 1 to 3 days before preparation of EC resulted in dose-dependent impairment of this proliferation. This UV-induced impairment of the accessory cell function of EC was accompanied by a parallel reduction of the number of Ia+ EC. We also transferred these EC-stimulated T cells to intracutaneously infected @entity0 . Immune T cells stimulated with EC obtained from irradiated @entity0 did not effectively clear @entity3 and allowed development of zosteriform @entity1 . In contrast normal-EC-stimulated immune T cells completely prevented the formation of a zosteriform @entity4 . In addition, @entity0 irradiated with UV on shaved midflank skin 2 days before intracutaneous inoculation of @entity3 showed increased severity of @entity2 and a higher incidence of latency compared with control @entity0 . These studies indicate that in vivo UV irradiation of the skin abrogates the immune function of EC both in vitro and in vivo, and affects @entity3 pathogenesis. The implication of our results for the better understanding of the effect of UV on acute and recurrent @entity5 is discussed.

title: The effects of ultraviolet irradiation of the @entity5 : alteration in immune function mediated by epidermal cells and in the course of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A phylogeny of haemosporidian parasites (phylum Apicomplexa, family Plasmodiidae) was recovered using mitochondrial @entity4 gene sequences from 52 species in 4 genera ( @entity1 , Hepatocystis, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon), including parasite species infecting mammals, birds, and reptiles from over a wide geographic range. Leucocytozoon species emerged as an appropriate out-group for the other @entity2 . Both parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses produced similar phylogenetic trees. Life-history traits and parasite morphology, traditionally used as taxonomic characters, are largely phylogenetically uninformative. The @entity1 and Hepatocystis species of @entity0 hosts form 1 well-supported clade, and the @entity1 and Haemoproteus species of birds and lizards form a second. Within this second clade, the relationships between taxa are more complex. Although jackknife support is weak, the @entity1 of birds may form 1 clade and the Haemoproteus of birds another clade, but the parasites of lizards fall into several clusters, suggesting a more ancient and complex evolutionary history. The parasites currently placed within the genus Haemoproteus may not be monophyletic. @entity1 of @entity0 was not derived from an avian malarial ancestor and, except for its close sister species, @entity3 , is only distantly related to haemospordian parasites of all other mammals. @entity1 is paraphyletic with respect to 2 other genera of @entity2 , Haemoproteus and Hepatocystis. Explicit hypothesis testing supported these conclusions.

title: A molecular phylogeny of @entity2 recovered from XXXX gene sequences.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A phylogeny of haemosporidian parasites (phylum Apicomplexa, family Plasmodiidae) was recovered using mitochondrial @entity4 gene sequences from 52 species in 4 genera ( @entity1 , Hepatocystis, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon), including parasite species infecting mammals, birds, and reptiles from over a wide geographic range. Leucocytozoon species emerged as an appropriate out-group for the other @entity2 . Both parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses produced similar phylogenetic trees. Life-history traits and parasite morphology, traditionally used as taxonomic characters, are largely phylogenetically uninformative. The @entity1 and Hepatocystis species of @entity0 hosts form 1 well-supported clade, and the @entity1 and Haemoproteus species of birds and lizards form a second. Within this second clade, the relationships between taxa are more complex. Although jackknife support is weak, the @entity1 of birds may form 1 clade and the Haemoproteus of birds another clade, but the parasites of lizards fall into several clusters, suggesting a more ancient and complex evolutionary history. The parasites currently placed within the genus Haemoproteus may not be monophyletic. @entity1 of @entity0 was not derived from an avian malarial ancestor and, except for its close sister species, @entity3 , is only distantly related to haemospordian parasites of all other mammals. @entity1 is paraphyletic with respect to 2 other genera of @entity2 , Haemoproteus and Hepatocystis. Explicit hypothesis testing supported these conclusions.

title: A molecular phylogeny of XXXX recovered from @entity4 gene sequences.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Measurements of pulmonary vein (PV) flow with intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) immediately before and after PV isolation may be a useful method for predicting which @entity0 will develop @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed preablation and postablation flows in each of the four PVs using a phase-array ICE catheter in 95 @entity0 (mean age 52 +/- 13) undergoing @entity3 ablation. The ostium of each of the PVs was defined using angiography, electrical mapping, and ICE imaging. Ostial electrical isolation of all PVs was achieved using a 4-mm cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation catheter. Change in PV flow, when present, was examined as both an absolute value and as a percentage of the baseline flow. All @entity0 underwent spiral computed tomography (CT) scans of the PVs 3 months after the procedure for detection of @entity2 . The average preablation diastolic flows for the left superior, left inferior, right superior, and right inferior veins were 0.56, 0.54, 0.47, and 0.45 m/sec, respectively. These values increased to 0.74, 0.67, 0.58, and 0.59 m/sec postablation (P < 0.001). Of 380 PVs ablated, the CT scans revealed 2 (1%) with severe (>70%) @entity2 , 13 (3%) with moderate (51%-70%) @entity2 , and 62 (16%) with mild (< or = 50%) @entity2 . The r value between flow and @entity2 was only 0.09 (P = NS). CONCLUSION: Acute changes in PV flow immediately after ostial PV isolation do not appear to be a strong predictor of @entity1 .

title: Use of intracardiac echocardiography for prediction of chronic XXXX after ablation of @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Measurements of pulmonary vein (PV) flow with intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) immediately before and after PV isolation may be a useful method for predicting which @entity0 will develop @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed preablation and postablation flows in each of the four PVs using a phase-array ICE catheter in 95 @entity0 (mean age 52 +/- 13) undergoing @entity3 ablation. The ostium of each of the PVs was defined using angiography, electrical mapping, and ICE imaging. Ostial electrical isolation of all PVs was achieved using a 4-mm cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation catheter. Change in PV flow, when present, was examined as both an absolute value and as a percentage of the baseline flow. All @entity0 underwent spiral computed tomography (CT) scans of the PVs 3 months after the procedure for detection of @entity2 . The average preablation diastolic flows for the left superior, left inferior, right superior, and right inferior veins were 0.56, 0.54, 0.47, and 0.45 m/sec, respectively. These values increased to 0.74, 0.67, 0.58, and 0.59 m/sec postablation (P < 0.001). Of 380 PVs ablated, the CT scans revealed 2 (1%) with severe (>70%) @entity2 , 13 (3%) with moderate (51%-70%) @entity2 , and 62 (16%) with mild (< or = 50%) @entity2 . The r value between flow and @entity2 was only 0.09 (P = NS). CONCLUSION: Acute changes in PV flow immediately after ostial PV isolation do not appear to be a strong predictor of @entity1 .

title: Use of intracardiac echocardiography for prediction of chronic @entity1 after ablation of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors present a new method for the reconstruction of large or complex-formed cranial bone defects using prefabricated, computer-generated, individual CFRP ( @entity3 fibre reinforced plastics) medical grade implants. METHOD: CFRP is a composite material containing @entity3 fibres embedded in an @entity4 resin matrix. It is radiolucent, heat-resistant, extremely strong and light (its weight is 20% that of @entity6 ), has a modulus of elasticity close to that of bone, and an established biocompatibility. The utilisation of a CAD/CAM (computer aided design/computer aided manufacture) technique based on digitised computed tomography (CT) data, with stereolithographic modelling as intermediate step, enabled the production of individual, prefabricated CFRP medical grade implants with an arithmetical maximum aberration in extension of less than +/-0.25 mm. Between 1995 and February 2002, 29 @entity0 (15 @entity0 and 14 @entity0 ; mean age, 39.9 years; range, 16 to 67 years) underwent cranioplasty with CFRP medical grade implants at the neurosurgical department of the University of Vienna. Twenty-four @entity0 were repaired secondarily (delayed cranioplasty) while 5 were repaired immediately following craniectomy (single stage cranioplasty). All cases were assessed for the accuracy of the intra-operative fit of the implant, restoration of the natural skull contour and aesthetics and adverse symptoms. FINDINGS: The intra-operative fit was excellent in 93.1% and good in 6.9% of the implants. In two cases minor adjustments of the bony margin of the defect were required. The operating time for insertion ranged from 16 to 38 minutes, median 21 minutes. Postoperatively, 86.2% of the @entity0 graded the restoration of their natural skull shape and symmetry as excellent while 13.8% termed it good. In one @entity0 a non-space occupying @entity7 was found at the follow-up, but required no intervention. Two @entity0 experienced @entity2 of the frontal portion of the temporal muscle while one @entity0 had a transient @entity5 . Over the mean follow-up period of 3.3 years (range, 0.08 to 6.8 years), there were no adverse reactions and no plate had to be removed. INTERPRETATION: Individual, prefabricated CFRP medical grade implants may be considered as an alternative to conventionally utilised materials for cranioplasty, in particular in the challenging group of @entity0 with extensive @entity1 or more complex-formed defects of the fronto-orbital or temporo-zygomatic region, guaranteeing short operating times and excellent functional and aesthetic results, which justifies the expense of their production.

title: Cranioplasty with individual XXXX fibre reinforced polymere (CFRP) medical grade implants based on CAD/CAM technique.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Changes in glycolytic flux have been observed in liver under conditions where effects of @entity3 seem unlikely. We have, therefore, studied the phosphorylation of four enzymes involved in the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (6-phosphofructo-1-kinase from @entity0 liver and @entity1 muscle; @entity6 kinase, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase and @entity4 -1,6-bisphosphatase from @entity0 liver) by defined concentrations of two @entity3 -independent protein kinases: @entity2 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and @entity2 /phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). The results were compared with those obtained with the catalytic subunit of @entity3 -dependent protein kinase. The following results were obtained. 1. @entity2 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase and L-type @entity6 kinase at a slightly lower rate as compared to @entity3 -dependent protein kinase. 2. 6-Phosphofructo-1-kinase is phosphorylated by the two kinases at a single identical position. There is no additive phosphorylation. The final stoichiometry is 2 mol @entity5 /mol tetramer. The same holds for L-type @entity6 kinase except that the stoichiometry with either kinase or both kinases together is 4 mol @entity5 /mol tetramer. 3. @entity1 muscle 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase is phosphorylated by @entity3 -dependent protein kinase but not by @entity2 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. 4. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from @entity0 but not from @entity1 liver is phosphorylated at the same position but at a markedly lower rate by @entity2 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase when compared to the phosphorylation by @entity3 -dependent protein kinase. 5. 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase is phosphorylated by @entity2 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase only at a negligible rate. 6. Protein kinase C does not seem to be involved in the regulation of the enzymes examined: only 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase became phosphorylated to a significant degree. In contrast to the phosphorylation by @entity3 -dependent protein kinase, this phosphorylation is not associated with a change of enzyme activity. This agrees with our observation that the sites of phosphorylation by the two kinases are different. The results indicate that @entity2 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase but not protein kinase C could be involved in the regulation of hepatic glycolytic flux under conditions where changes in the activity of @entity3 -dependent protein kinase seem unlikely.

title: Are calcium-dependent protein kinases involved in the regulation of glycolytic/gluconeogenetic enzymes? Studies with XXXX /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We studied diurnal variation and the responses of plasma corticoids to @entity1 and ACTH before and after adrenal surgery in 11 @entity0 with @entity4 . Diurnal variation of plasma corticoids was examined in all cases. Before adrenal surgery, plasma @entity5 (Ald) was higher at all times, @entity9 ( @entity8 ) was high value at 5:00 and then normal value, @entity7 (S) was high value at 5:00 and 9:00, thereafter normal value, while @entity6 (B) and @entity3 (F) were almost normal value at all times. The circadian rhythm was observed in these corticoids. @entity1 (2 mg/day) was administered to 8 @entity0 for 10 days. Plasma Ald and @entity8 were significantly suppressed only at 5:00, while B, S and F almost suppressed at all times. After dexa suppression, the circadian rhythm of Ald still observed, while the diurnal variation of the other corticoids was even. ACTH (1 microgram) was injected intravenously to 9 @entity0 . Responses of @entity8 , B and Ald were higher, and of S and F were almost normal. Diurnal variation of plasma corticoids was observed after 1 month of adrenal surgery. Ald was lower, the other corticoids were normal values. ACTH (1 microgram) was injected to the same case before surgery. Responses of these corticoids to ACTH were slightly lower. Contents of Ald in @entity2 tissues were higher than those in adjacent and normal adrenal tissues, and the contents of the other corticoids in @entity2 tissue were almost normal value. As these results showed, before surgery these corticoids were secreted from @entity2 without ACTH, although these were responsible to ACTH, and the presence of regulative factor of circadian rhythm except ACTH was suggested. After surgery, not only the responses to ACTH of mineralocorticoids but these of glucocorticoids decreased.

title: [Diurnal variation and responses of corticoids to @entity1 and ACTH before and after adrenal surgery in XXXX ].

answer: @entity4