abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk for atypia and @entity2 in large @entity5 is not known. Atypia and @entity2 were determined in small (<2 g) and large (>= 2 g) @entity1 in @entity0 undergoing parathyroidectomy for @entity3 . METHODS: The study was a retrospective analysis of a 5-year prospective database. Tumor weight, histopathology, age, gender, @entity4 , and parathyroid hormone levels were registered. @entity0 with 4-gland disease were not included. RESULTS: Among 353 @entity5 , 313 weighed <2 g and 40 weighed >= 2 g. There was no difference in age between groups. @entity0 with large @entity1 were more frequently @entity0 and had higher @entity4 and parathyroid hormone levels. Atypia was found in 4 of 313 (1.3%) and 7 of 40 (17.5%) small and large @entity1 , respectively (P < .05). Corresponding figures for @entity2 were 1 of 313 (.3%) and 2 of 40 (5.0%) (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Large @entity5 have increased risk for atypia and @entity2 . Even so, most large @entity5 are benign.

title: Large @entity5 have an increased risk of atypia and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk for atypia and @entity2 in large @entity5 is not known. Atypia and @entity2 were determined in small (<2 g) and large (>= 2 g) @entity1 in @entity0 undergoing parathyroidectomy for @entity3 . METHODS: The study was a retrospective analysis of a 5-year prospective database. Tumor weight, histopathology, age, gender, @entity4 , and parathyroid hormone levels were registered. @entity0 with 4-gland disease were not included. RESULTS: Among 353 @entity5 , 313 weighed <2 g and 40 weighed >= 2 g. There was no difference in age between groups. @entity0 with large @entity1 were more frequently @entity0 and had higher @entity4 and parathyroid hormone levels. Atypia was found in 4 of 313 (1.3%) and 7 of 40 (17.5%) small and large @entity1 , respectively (P < .05). Corresponding figures for @entity2 were 1 of 313 (.3%) and 2 of 40 (5.0%) (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Large @entity5 have increased risk for atypia and @entity2 . Even so, most large @entity5 are benign.

title: Large XXXX have an increased risk of atypia and @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of the clinical characteristics and prognosis of @entity4 complicated with @entity8 @entity0 . METHODS: In 3 cases of @entity4 complicated with @entity8 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: In the 3 @entity0 , 2 cases of @entity6 , with chest tightness, @entity3 as initial symptom; 1 case of @entity1 , with @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity9 as initial symptom. One case of the @entity6 misdiagnosed as @entity7 . 3 @entity0 were in CT or B ultrasound guided biopsy pathology confirmed to be @entity8 . 2 @entity0 received systemic chemotherapy, another received symptomatic and supportive treatment. Up till now, 3 @entity0 have died. CONCLUSION: The disease is a high degree of malignant, the early clinical manifestations are not specific, easily missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The treatment effect is not ideal, the prognosis is poor. Biopsy is a reliable method for diagnosis of MM.

title: [Analysis of the clinical diagnosis of XXXX complicated with @entity8 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of the clinical characteristics and prognosis of @entity4 complicated with @entity8 @entity0 . METHODS: In 3 cases of @entity4 complicated with @entity8 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: In the 3 @entity0 , 2 cases of @entity6 , with chest tightness, @entity3 as initial symptom; 1 case of @entity1 , with @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity9 as initial symptom. One case of the @entity6 misdiagnosed as @entity7 . 3 @entity0 were in CT or B ultrasound guided biopsy pathology confirmed to be @entity8 . 2 @entity0 received systemic chemotherapy, another received symptomatic and supportive treatment. Up till now, 3 @entity0 have died. CONCLUSION: The disease is a high degree of malignant, the early clinical manifestations are not specific, easily missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The treatment effect is not ideal, the prognosis is poor. Biopsy is a reliable method for diagnosis of MM.

title: [Analysis of the clinical diagnosis of @entity4 complicated with XXXX ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A number of unusual conditions cause decreased bone mass and density in @entity0 and these may be associated with @entity3 . However, a series of reports have more recently identified that @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) much more often than had been suspected. The common denominator involved is glucocorticoid (GC) administration, although other factors such as disease activity come into play. This review will focus on the imaging findings in this form of secondary @entity2 . @entity3 in @entity0 have been found to correlate with @entity4 . At the same time, up to 2/3 of @entity0 with @entity3 in the GC-treated setting are asymptomatic, underscoring the importance of routine surveillance in at-risk @entity0 . Other predictors of prevalent and incident @entity3 include GC exposure (average daily and cumulative dose), declines in lumbar spine bone mineral density Z-scores and increases in body mass index Z-scores, as well as increases in disease activity scores. The imaging diagnosis of @entity5 in @entity0 is made differently from that in adults because immature vertebral bodies continue to ossify during growth. Thus, it is not possible to assess the vertebral end plates or periphery until late, as enchondral ossification extends centripetally within the centrum. Diagnosis, therefore, is much more dependent upon changes in shape than on loss of structural integrity, which may have a more prominent diagnostic role in adults. However, @entity0 have a unique ability to model (a growth-dependent process) and thereby reshape previously fractured vertebral bodies. If the underlying disease is successfully treated and the @entity0 has sufficient residual growth potential, this means that, on one hand, treatment of the @entity1 may be of more limited duration, and, as a last recourse, the diagnosis may be apparent retrospectively.

title: The Radiology of @entity3 in XXXX Related to Glucocorticoid Administration.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A number of unusual conditions cause decreased bone mass and density in @entity0 and these may be associated with @entity3 . However, a series of reports have more recently identified that @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) much more often than had been suspected. The common denominator involved is glucocorticoid (GC) administration, although other factors such as disease activity come into play. This review will focus on the imaging findings in this form of secondary @entity2 . @entity3 in @entity0 have been found to correlate with @entity4 . At the same time, up to 2/3 of @entity0 with @entity3 in the GC-treated setting are asymptomatic, underscoring the importance of routine surveillance in at-risk @entity0 . Other predictors of prevalent and incident @entity3 include GC exposure (average daily and cumulative dose), declines in lumbar spine bone mineral density Z-scores and increases in body mass index Z-scores, as well as increases in disease activity scores. The imaging diagnosis of @entity5 in @entity0 is made differently from that in adults because immature vertebral bodies continue to ossify during growth. Thus, it is not possible to assess the vertebral end plates or periphery until late, as enchondral ossification extends centripetally within the centrum. Diagnosis, therefore, is much more dependent upon changes in shape than on loss of structural integrity, which may have a more prominent diagnostic role in adults. However, @entity0 have a unique ability to model (a growth-dependent process) and thereby reshape previously fractured vertebral bodies. If the underlying disease is successfully treated and the @entity0 has sufficient residual growth potential, this means that, on one hand, treatment of the @entity1 may be of more limited duration, and, as a last recourse, the diagnosis may be apparent retrospectively.

title: The Radiology of XXXX in @entity2 Related to Glucocorticoid Administration.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is the most common complication after cardiac surgery. Current medical treatment using antiarrhythmics and anticoagulants has a significant morbidity. The goal of this study was to determine if epicardial @entity4 can be safely performed and return @entity0 to sinus rhythm. METHODS: A prospective analysis of @entity0 undergoing cardiac surgery was performed. @entity0 with a prior pacemaker/defibrillator, history of @entity3 , preoperative antiarrhythmic, age greater than 85 years, history of @entity1 , or intraaortic balloon pump were excluded. @entity4 wires were placed on the right and left atrium. Bipolar atrial and ventricular pacing wires were also placed. The wires were tested in the operating room. @entity0 who went into @entity2 were cardioverted with 3 J, 6 J, or 9 J. RESULTS: There were 45 @entity0 enrolled. Sixteen @entity0 (35%) went into @entity2 during their hospital stay. Mean time to onset of @entity4 was 2.6 +/- 1.4 days after surgery. Fifteen @entity0 were successfully cardioverted to sinus rhythm on the primary cardioversion, with mean of 5.7 +/- 2.4 J. One @entity0 was cardioverted at 6 hours after onset of @entity4 , at 6 J. Recurrent @entity4 occurred in 4 @entity0 during their hospital stay. All 4 of these @entity0 were cardioverted with a mean of 6.4 +/- 2.6 J. All wires were removed the day before @entity0 were discharged. There were no complications with wire insertion or removal. There were no adverse neurologic events. The mean hospital stay was 5.1 +/- 2.2 days. All @entity0 were in sinus rhythm at 1 month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a temporary atrial defibrillator to resynchronize @entity0 in @entity2 is safe and effective.

title: @entity4 : successful treatment of postoperative XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is the most common complication after cardiac surgery. Current medical treatment using antiarrhythmics and anticoagulants has a significant morbidity. The goal of this study was to determine if epicardial @entity4 can be safely performed and return @entity0 to sinus rhythm. METHODS: A prospective analysis of @entity0 undergoing cardiac surgery was performed. @entity0 with a prior pacemaker/defibrillator, history of @entity3 , preoperative antiarrhythmic, age greater than 85 years, history of @entity1 , or intraaortic balloon pump were excluded. @entity4 wires were placed on the right and left atrium. Bipolar atrial and ventricular pacing wires were also placed. The wires were tested in the operating room. @entity0 who went into @entity2 were cardioverted with 3 J, 6 J, or 9 J. RESULTS: There were 45 @entity0 enrolled. Sixteen @entity0 (35%) went into @entity2 during their hospital stay. Mean time to onset of @entity4 was 2.6 +/- 1.4 days after surgery. Fifteen @entity0 were successfully cardioverted to sinus rhythm on the primary cardioversion, with mean of 5.7 +/- 2.4 J. One @entity0 was cardioverted at 6 hours after onset of @entity4 , at 6 J. Recurrent @entity4 occurred in 4 @entity0 during their hospital stay. All 4 of these @entity0 were cardioverted with a mean of 6.4 +/- 2.6 J. All wires were removed the day before @entity0 were discharged. There were no complications with wire insertion or removal. There were no adverse neurologic events. The mean hospital stay was 5.1 +/- 2.2 days. All @entity0 were in sinus rhythm at 1 month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a temporary atrial defibrillator to resynchronize @entity0 in @entity2 is safe and effective.

title: XXXX : successful treatment of postoperative @entity4 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In a review of the most important examination methods for diagnosis of @entity3 so far published the efficacy of each of the individual methods is assessed according to uniform criteria. Only the specimens diagnosed as positive were taken as a basis for the rate of correct diagnosis, in order to facilitate comparison of the efficacy of the methods with one another. The validity of the methods is briefly outlined. Cytological diagnosis of @entity3 is appreciably less reliable than that of @entity5 , regardless of the method used. The cytodiagnostic problems are different, depending whether exfoliative cytology or endouterine biopsy techniques have been used. @entity1 of highly differentiated @entity1 cells are most seldom identified by the conventional smear techniques. Taking the @entity3 and @entity4 @entity0 at Erlangen University Gynecological Clinic between 1963 and 1981 as a basis, and limiting the scope of the study to high-risk adipose @entity0 aged over 45, one-fifth of the @entity2 and one-fourth of the precancerous @entity0 would not be included in a program based on risk factors. Of the Erlangen @entity0 , a 5-year survival probability of 95% and more was calculated for @entity0 with @entity1 from cytologically highly differentiated @entity1 cells in histological stage I. It is particularly difficult to identify these @entity0 cytologically, and the prognosis for them can hardly be improved further. Cytological nucleus grading proved a reliable prognosis factor, in particular for histologically undifferentiated @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Possibilities and limits of a cytologic early detection program for XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. The renal medulla is a major source of plasminogen activators (PA), recently shown to induce vasodilation in vitro. Treatment with PA inhibitors has been associated with @entity0 , suggesting compromised renal microvasculature. We investigated the impact of the PA inhibitor @entity3 ( @entity4 ) upon vascular tone in vitro, and studied the effect of both @entity5 and @entity4 upon intrarenal hemodynamics in vivo. 2. In vitro experiments were carried out in isolated aortic rings and with cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Studies of renal microcirculation and morphology were conducted in anesthetized @entity1 . 3. In isolated aortic rings, @entity4 (but not the other inhibitors of the fibrinolytic system @entity6 or @entity8 ) reduced the half-maximal effective concentration of @entity7 (PE) required to induce contraction (from 32 nm in control solution to 2 and 0.1 nm at @entity4 concentrations of 1 and 10 microm, respectively). Using reteplase (retavase) in the same model, we also provide evidence that the vasoactivity of @entity5 is in part kringle-dependent. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, @entity2 internalization following PE was enhanced by @entity4 , and retarded by @entity5 . 4. In anesthetized @entity1 , @entity4 (150 mg x kg(-1)) did not affect systemic blood pressure, total renal or cortical blood flow. However, the outer medullary blood flow declined 12+/-2% below the baseline (P<0.03). By contrast, @entity5 (2 mg x kg(-1)), transiently increased outer medullary blood flow by 8+/-5% (P<0.02). Fibrin microthrombi were not found within the renal microvasculature in @entity4 -treated animals. 5. In conclusion, both fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic agents modulate medullary renal blood flow with reciprocal effects of vasodilation (PA) and vasoconstriction ( @entity4 ). In vitro studies suggest that these hemodynamic responses are related to direct modulation of the vascular tone.

title: The fibrinolytic system attenuates vascular tone: effects of XXXX ( @entity5 ) and aminocaproic acid on renal microcirculation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: 1. The renal medulla is a major source of plasminogen activators (PA), recently shown to induce vasodilation in vitro. Treatment with PA inhibitors has been associated with @entity0 , suggesting compromised renal microvasculature. We investigated the impact of the PA inhibitor @entity3 ( @entity4 ) upon vascular tone in vitro, and studied the effect of both @entity5 and @entity4 upon intrarenal hemodynamics in vivo. 2. In vitro experiments were carried out in isolated aortic rings and with cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Studies of renal microcirculation and morphology were conducted in anesthetized @entity1 . 3. In isolated aortic rings, @entity4 (but not the other inhibitors of the fibrinolytic system @entity6 or @entity8 ) reduced the half-maximal effective concentration of @entity7 (PE) required to induce contraction (from 32 nm in control solution to 2 and 0.1 nm at @entity4 concentrations of 1 and 10 microm, respectively). Using reteplase (retavase) in the same model, we also provide evidence that the vasoactivity of @entity5 is in part kringle-dependent. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, @entity2 internalization following PE was enhanced by @entity4 , and retarded by @entity5 . 4. In anesthetized @entity1 , @entity4 (150 mg x kg(-1)) did not affect systemic blood pressure, total renal or cortical blood flow. However, the outer medullary blood flow declined 12+/-2% below the baseline (P<0.03). By contrast, @entity5 (2 mg x kg(-1)), transiently increased outer medullary blood flow by 8+/-5% (P<0.02). Fibrin microthrombi were not found within the renal microvasculature in @entity4 -treated animals. 5. In conclusion, both fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic agents modulate medullary renal blood flow with reciprocal effects of vasodilation (PA) and vasoconstriction ( @entity4 ). In vitro studies suggest that these hemodynamic responses are related to direct modulation of the vascular tone.

title: The fibrinolytic system attenuates vascular tone: effects of @entity5 ( XXXX ) and aminocaproic acid on renal microcirculation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: To investigate whether differences in the rapidity of a positive result for @entity1 can save resources, by comparing two commercially available urease kits. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-five adults (130 outpatients, 55 inpatients) undergoing gastroscopy were entered prospectively. @entity0 were divided into two groups: Group 1 (if they were not on PPIs, antibiotics, H   A, @entity2 or @entity3 for up to 14 d prior to the endoscopy) and Group 2 (if they were on, or had been on, any of the above medication in the previous 14 d). At endoscopy two sets of biopsies, taken in random order, were placed in the wells of the Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) test (Kimberly-Clark, Utah, USA) and the Quick test (Biohit @entity5 , Helsinki, Finland). Five additional gastric biopsies were taken for histology/Giemsa and immunohistochemical study. The two urease test slides were read at 2 min, 30 min, 2 h and 24 h. Sensitivity and specificity at 24 h were determined. RESULTS: At 24 h, for all @entity0 , there was no difference in sensitivity (100% vs 97.5%), specificity (99.3%), positive (97.5%) and negative predictive values (100% vs 99.3%) between the CLO and Quick tests, respectively. There was a positive result at 30 min in 17/41 (41.5%) CLO tests, and in 28/40 (70%) Quick tests, P = 0.05. Quick test enabled the prescription of eradication therapy before discharge in all 28/40 @entity0 . Only 12 (30%) follow-up appointments were needed. If the CLO test had been used alone, only 17 (41.5%) prescriptions would have been possible prior to discharge and 24 (58%) follow-up appointments would be needed (P = 0.001). Of 2000 gastroscopies performed annually at our unit, a saving of 123 follow-up appointments (total: 8856 @entity4 or 11 808 USD) would be achieved if we switched to the Quick test. CONCLUSION: Direct comparison of locally available urease test kits is worthwhile, since the appropriate choice results in a significant saving of resources. Local costs and follow-up protocols will determine the magnitude of these savings.

title: Detection of XXXX : A faster urease test can save resources.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) induce cell cycle arrest, differentiation, or apoptosis in numerous @entity1 cell types both in vivo and in vitro. These dramatic effects are the result of a specific reprogramming of gene expression. However, the mechanism by which these agents activate the transcription of some genes, such as @entity2 ( @entity2 ), but repress others, such as @entity3 , is currently unknown. We have been studying the @entity0 @entity4 gene as a model for HDI-mediated transcriptional repression. We found previously that both the tissue-specific and housekeeping @entity4 promoters were equally repressed by HDIs. Here we show that, despite an overt dissimilarity, both @entity4 promoters do share similar core promoter elements and transcription is @entity5 dependent. Detailed analysis of the @entity4 promoters suggested that both core and proximal promoter elements were responsible for HDI-mediated repression. This was confirmed in a series of promoter-swapping experiments with the HDI-inducible, @entity5 -independent @entity2 ( @entity2 ) promoter. Remarkably, all the @entity4 - @entity2 ( @entity2 ) chimeric promoter constructs were not only repressed by HDIs but also dependent on @entity5 . Together these experiments suggest that the overall promoter architecture, rather than discrete response elements, is responsible for HDI-mediated repression, and they implicate core promoter elements in particular as potential mediators of this response.

title: @entity4 proximal and core promoter elements dictate XXXX dependence and transcriptional repression by histone deacetylase inhibitors.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) induce cell cycle arrest, differentiation, or apoptosis in numerous @entity1 cell types both in vivo and in vitro. These dramatic effects are the result of a specific reprogramming of gene expression. However, the mechanism by which these agents activate the transcription of some genes, such as @entity2 ( @entity2 ), but repress others, such as @entity3 , is currently unknown. We have been studying the @entity0 @entity4 gene as a model for HDI-mediated transcriptional repression. We found previously that both the tissue-specific and housekeeping @entity4 promoters were equally repressed by HDIs. Here we show that, despite an overt dissimilarity, both @entity4 promoters do share similar core promoter elements and transcription is @entity5 dependent. Detailed analysis of the @entity4 promoters suggested that both core and proximal promoter elements were responsible for HDI-mediated repression. This was confirmed in a series of promoter-swapping experiments with the HDI-inducible, @entity5 -independent @entity2 ( @entity2 ) promoter. Remarkably, all the @entity4 - @entity2 ( @entity2 ) chimeric promoter constructs were not only repressed by HDIs but also dependent on @entity5 . Together these experiments suggest that the overall promoter architecture, rather than discrete response elements, is responsible for HDI-mediated repression, and they implicate core promoter elements in particular as potential mediators of this response.

title: XXXX proximal and core promoter elements dictate @entity5 dependence and transcriptional repression by histone deacetylase inhibitors.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 , a selective cannabinoid-1 ( @entity6 ) receptor antagonist, has been shown to reduce weight and enhance improvements in cardiometabolic risk parameters in Western populations. This study assessed these effects of @entity4 in Asian population. A total of 643 @entity0 (BMI 25   kg/m(2) or greater without @entity1 ) from China, Republic of Korea, and Taiwan were prescribed a hypocaloric diet (600   kcal/day deficit) and randomized to @entity4 20   mg (n = 318) or placebo (n = 325) for 9months. The primary efficacy variable was weight change from baseline after 9 months of treatment. Results showed that @entity4 group lost more weight than placebo, (LSM    SEM of -4.7    0.3   kg vs. -1.7    0.3   kg, P < .0001). The 5% and 10% responders were 2 or 3 folds more in the @entity4 group (53.0% vs. 20.0% and 21.5% vs. 5.7%, resp.) (P < .0001). @entity4 also significantly increased HDL- @entity3 , decreased @entity5 and waist circumference,by 7.1%, 10.6%, and 2.8   cm, respectively (P < .0001). This study confirmed the comparable efficacy and safety profile of @entity4 in Asian population to Caucasians. Owing to the recent suspension of all the @entity6 antagonists off the pharmaceutical market for weight reduction in Europe and USA, a perspective in drug discovery for intervening peripheral @entity6 receptor in the management of @entity2 is discussed.

title: Perspectives of XXXX Antagonist in Treatment of Obesity: Experience of RIO-Asia.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity11 with increased hepatic @entity7 concentration was diagnosed in 25 female and 1 male Doberman Pinscher @entity1 . Common clinical signs included @entity10 / @entity12 , @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity6 . Increased liver enzyme activities and abnormal liver function test results were the most consistent clinicopathologic changes. The @entity1 were assigned to 3 groups on the basis of clinical course of the disease. Group 1 @entity1 (n = 12) had clinical signs of advanced @entity9 and died within one week. Group 2 @entity1 (n = 7) had less severe clinical signs of @entity4 and died within one month. Group 3 @entity1 (n = 5) did not have clinical signs of @entity0 or had mild clinical signs of @entity4 and died 1 to 42 months after initial evaluation. One @entity1 could not be reevaluated and another @entity1 was alive 3 months after initial examination. Treatments consisted of supportive care for @entity1 in group 1, and dietary manipulations and @entity2 for @entity1 in groups 2 and 3. The association of increased liver @entity7 concentration and @entity11 is not known.

title: XXXX in 26 Doberman pinschers.

answer: @entity11


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of the combined use of frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry and polarimetry of the retinal nerve fiber layer. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Seventy ocular @entity1 @entity0 (normal optic disk and standard perimetry, elevated intraocular pressure [>21 mm Hg]), 59 @entity0 with "preperimetric" @entity5 (glaucomatous optic disk @entity2 , elevated intraocular pressure [>21 mm Hg], no @entity3 in standard perimetry), 105 @entity0 with "perimetric" @entity5 (glaucomatous optic disk @entity2 and clearly marked @entity3 ), and 73 control subjects had FDT screening (protocol: C-20-5) and polarimetric measurements ( @entity6 ). Criteria for exclusion: optic disks larger than 4 mm(2), media opacities, @entity0 younger than 33 years or older than 66 years. None of the subjects had earlier FDT perimetry. One eye of each @entity0 and control subject entered the statistical evaluation. Database and statistical software were used for case-wise recalculation of all missed localized probability levels to create a FDT screening score. RESULTS: At a predefined specificity of 94.5% in control eyes, discrimination between "perimetric" @entity4 and normal subjects is superior using the FDT perimetry (sensitivity = 84.8%) in comparison to polarimetry (sensitivity = 63.8%), whereas sensitivity is similar with both methods in "preperimetric" @entity0 ( @entity6 , FDT: 25.4%). In several cases, @entity0 classified as glaucomatous by the @entity6 are not the same @entity0 as identified by the FDT perimetry. Therefore, a two-dimensional discrimination analysis can increase correct positive classification. Using a linear combination of the present FDT screening score and polarimetry ("the number"), 92.4% of "perimetric" @entity4 and 44.1% of "preperimetric" @entity4 have been classified as glaucomatous. CONCLUSION: Joint usage of polarimetry and FDT perimetry indicate that a combination of different techniques which can uncover different @entity4 properties, might be helpful in early @entity4 detection.

title: Combined use of frequency doubling perimetry and polarimetric measurements of retinal nerve fiber layer in XXXX detection.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Strains of pigmented melanocytes can be derived reproducibly from normal @entity0 skin. Published procedures have been modified here to yield a strain, 'Nohm-1', comprising many unpigmented cells as well as cells with various degrees of pigmentation observable by light microscopy. The unpigmented cells contain early melanosomes (pigment organelles) and the specific enzyme tyrosinase. They are on average smaller and less dendritic than the pigmented cells. Nohm-1 cells show normal chromosomal banding patterns and normal proliferative behaviour, including senescence. They form no @entity1 in @entity3 ( @entity2 . Nohm-1 cells have been cloned and yield two distinct types of colony, depending on the progenitor cell. Well-pigmented melanocytes engender pure colonies of pigmented cells, but cells with little or no pigment can produce both unpigmented and pigmented progeny. Thus there is a separate cell type, or premelanocyte, which can differentiate spontaneously and stably in culture; this cell type includes both unpigmented and faintly pigmented cells. Usefully, most premelanocytes are viable after frozen storage, unlike well-pigmented melanocytes. Some components of the culture medium affect the proportion of pigmented cells in Nohm-1 cultures, and hence probably the ratio of mature melanocytes to premelanocytes. Rapid pigmentation can be induced artificially and simply, by using a medium with increased extracellular pH and @entity4 concentration.

title: Clonal separation of mature melanocytes from premelanocytes in a diploid XXXX cell strain: spontaneous and induced pigmentation of premelanocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is an aggressive @entity0 in which the early diagnosis of @entity1 is known to directly correlate with increased survival. However, only a portion of biopsies showing @entity3 will progress to @entity0 , and there are no currently accepted criteria for predicting @entity1 will progress. Therefore, diagnostic protocols that can identify the lesions that are likely to become @entity2 are required. RNA was isolated from normal keratinocytes, the immortalized but nontumorigenic HaCat cell line, and the @entity0 cell lines @entity6 , SCC-9, SCC-25, and OSCC-3. The RNA was then labeled and used to probe nylon microarray filters that contained a total of 9184 genes (5295 named and 3889 Expression Sequence Tags). Genes whose expression demonstrated a 3-fold or greater change were considered significant. Comparison of expression profiles from normal, HaCat, and four @entity0 cell lines revealed changes in gene expression in a total of 508 genes. Of these, 16 genes showed a consistent loss of expression when comparing normal to immortalized keratinocytes. In addition, 10 genes demonstrated a consistent loss of expression in the @entity0 cell lines only. In this latter group of genes, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), a gene whose expression has been linked to cell invasion, was additionally investigated. Altered expression of @entity5 in the different cultured cells was validated via real-time quantitative-PCR. In addition, immunohistochemical evaluation of biopsy samples revealed a high expression of @entity5 in both normal and @entity4 with a marked decrease of expression in areas of the biopsies containing @entity2 . These data demonstrate that genomic profiling can then be used to identify potential genotypic/phenotypic biomarkers that may predict which @entity1 are most likely to progress to @entity2 .

title: XXXX : a molecular biomarker for head and neck cancer progression.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Data guiding selection of nonsurgical treatment of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are lacking. We therefore compared outcomes between stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: From 2004 to 2012, 224 @entity0 with inoperable, nonmetastatic @entity3 underwent RFA (n = 161) to 249 @entity1 or image-guided SBRT (n = 63) to 83 @entity1 . We applied inverse probability of treatment weighting to adjust for imbalances in treatment assignment. Freedom from local progression (FFLP) and @entity2 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: RFA and SBRT groups were similar with respect to number of lesions treated per @entity0 , type of underlying @entity5 , and @entity1 size (median, 1.8 v 2.2 cm in maximum diameter; P = .14). However, the SBRT group had lower pretreatment @entity0 -Pugh scores (P = .003), higher pretreatment @entity4 levels (P = .04), and a greater number of prior liver-directed treatments (P < .001). One- and 2-year FFLP for @entity1 treated with RFA were 83.6% and 80.2% v 97.4% and 83.8% for SBRT. Increasing @entity1 size predicted for FFLP in @entity0 treated with RFA (hazard ratio [HR], 1.54 per cm; P = .006), but not with SBRT (HR, 1.21 per cm; P = .617). For @entity1 >=  2 cm, there was decreased FFLP for RFA compared with SBRT (HR, 3.35; P = .025). Acute grade 3+ complications occurred after 11% and 5% of RFA and SBRT treatments, respectively (P = .31). Overall survival 1 and 2 years after treatment was 70% and 53% after RFA and 74% and 46% after SBRT. CONCLUSION: Both RFA and SBRT are effective local treatment options for inoperable @entity3 . Although these data are retrospective, SBRT appears to be a reasonable first-line treatment of inoperable, larger @entity3 .

title: Outcomes After Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy or Radiofrequency Ablation for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Evidence-based gGuidelines for acute @entity5 recommend primarily supportive care, but unnecessary care remains well documented. Published quality improvement work has been accomplished inchildren's hospitals, but little broad dissemination has been reported outside of those settings. We sought to use a voluntary collaborative strategy to disseminatebest practices to reduce overuse of unnecessary care in @entity0 hospitalized for @entity4 in community settings. METHODS: This project was aquality improvement collaborative consisting of monthly interactive webinars with online data collection and feedback. Data were collected by chart review for 2 @entity4 seasons, defined as January, February, and March of 2013 and 2014. @entity0 aged <24 months hospitalized for @entity4 and without @entity1 , @entity3 , or intensive care use were included. Results were analyzed using run charting, analysis of means, and nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: There were 21 participating hospitals contributing a total of 1869 chart reviews to the project, 995 preintervention and 874 postintervention. Mean use of any bronchodilator declined by 29% (P = .03) and doses per @entity0 decreased 45% (P < .01). Mean use of any @entity2 declined by 68% (P < .01), and doses per @entity0 decreased 35% (P = .04). Chest radiography use declined by 44% (P = .05). Length of stay decreased 5 hours (P < .01), and readmissions remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: A voluntary collaborative was effective in reducing unnecessary care among a cohort of primarily community hospitals. Such a strategy may be generalizable to the settings where the majority of @entity0 are hospitalized in the United States.

title: A Multicenter Collaborative to Reduce Unnecessary Care in Inpatient XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The role of endogenous opiates in the colonic motor response to feeding has been investigated in four @entity0 chronically fitted with two strain gages on the proximal and distal colon and a cannula in cerebral lateral ventricle. A daily meal stimulated the colonic motility during 8-10 hrs. The colonic motility index was significantly higher during this period when an enkephalinase inhibitor, @entity3 , was intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg before the meal. This effect was blocked by a previous i.c.v. administration of @entity1 (0.1 mg/kg) and reproduced by (D-Ala2, Met5) enkephalinamide ( @entity2 ) at a dose of 50 mg/kg. I.c.v. administration of @entity3 or @entity2 did not modify the colonic motility in @entity0 fasted for 48 hrs. The postprandial motility index remained unchanged after intravenous administration of @entity3 or @entity2 at the same dosages. These results provide evidence for a central control of the colonic motor response to feeding by endogenous enkephalins in @entity0 .

title: Enhancement of colonic motor response to feeding by central endogenous opiates in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity10 ( @entity9 ) induced growth inhibition in @entity0 @entity1 cells using the national @entity1 institute (NCI) anticancer drug screen. In our previous study, we demonstrated that @entity9 exerted growth inhibitory activities in the three @entity0 @entity2 cell lines (Colo 205, HT-29, and HCT-15). To identify the detailed mechanism, we examined the functional importance of @entity5 and @entity3 in @entity9 -induced anticancer effect. We used three isogenic @entity2 cell lines, HCT-116, HCT-116 @entity3 (-/-), and HCT-116 @entity5 (-/-), to evaluate the roles of @entity5 and @entity3 in the in vitro anticancer effects of @entity9 . @entity9 dose-dependently inhibited cell growth, cell migration and increased cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase in HCT116 cells but not in @entity5 (-/-) and @entity3 (-/-) isogenic HCT-116 cells. Additionally, Western blot showed that @entity9 treatment induced the @entity5 , @entity3 , and cyclin-E protein expressions in HCT-116 cells. The @entity5 associated cell cycle regulatory protein such as cyclin D, @entity8 , and pRb were decreased after @entity9 treatment in HCT-116 cells. @entity9 decreased cell migration in HCT-116 and HCT-116 @entity3 (-/-) but not in HCT-116 @entity5 (-/-) cells. We observed the up-regulation of @entity7 , p- @entity4 , and p- @entity6 in @entity9 -treated HCT-116 group but not in HCT-116 @entity5 (-/-) and HCT-116 @entity3 (-/-) groups. We assumed that @entity5 was required for @entity9 -induced anti- @entity2 effect through the @entity6 and @entity4 pathway leading to cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell motility. Mean (   SE) pharmacokinetic parameters of the @entity9 were as follows: AUC = 64.44    8.41, Cmax = 1.56    0.48 and t1/2 = 113.92    58.19. The pharmacokinetic data suggest @entity9 can be applied to further clinical study. This is the first pharmacokinetic study of @entity9 , and indicated that anti-proliferation and the cell mobility inhibition effects of @entity9 in HCT116 WT cells may result from the induction of @entity5 through activation of @entity6 and @entity4 pathway.

title: @entity1 effects and pharmacokinetic application of XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity10 ( @entity9 ) induced growth inhibition in @entity0 @entity1 cells using the national @entity1 institute (NCI) anticancer drug screen. In our previous study, we demonstrated that @entity9 exerted growth inhibitory activities in the three @entity0 @entity2 cell lines (Colo 205, HT-29, and HCT-15). To identify the detailed mechanism, we examined the functional importance of @entity5 and @entity3 in @entity9 -induced anticancer effect. We used three isogenic @entity2 cell lines, HCT-116, HCT-116 @entity3 (-/-), and HCT-116 @entity5 (-/-), to evaluate the roles of @entity5 and @entity3 in the in vitro anticancer effects of @entity9 . @entity9 dose-dependently inhibited cell growth, cell migration and increased cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase in HCT116 cells but not in @entity5 (-/-) and @entity3 (-/-) isogenic HCT-116 cells. Additionally, Western blot showed that @entity9 treatment induced the @entity5 , @entity3 , and cyclin-E protein expressions in HCT-116 cells. The @entity5 associated cell cycle regulatory protein such as cyclin D, @entity8 , and pRb were decreased after @entity9 treatment in HCT-116 cells. @entity9 decreased cell migration in HCT-116 and HCT-116 @entity3 (-/-) but not in HCT-116 @entity5 (-/-) cells. We observed the up-regulation of @entity7 , p- @entity4 , and p- @entity6 in @entity9 -treated HCT-116 group but not in HCT-116 @entity5 (-/-) and HCT-116 @entity3 (-/-) groups. We assumed that @entity5 was required for @entity9 -induced anti- @entity2 effect through the @entity6 and @entity4 pathway leading to cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell motility. Mean (   SE) pharmacokinetic parameters of the @entity9 were as follows: AUC = 64.44    8.41, Cmax = 1.56    0.48 and t1/2 = 113.92    58.19. The pharmacokinetic data suggest @entity9 can be applied to further clinical study. This is the first pharmacokinetic study of @entity9 , and indicated that anti-proliferation and the cell mobility inhibition effects of @entity9 in HCT116 WT cells may result from the induction of @entity5 through activation of @entity6 and @entity4 pathway.

title: XXXX effects and pharmacokinetic application of @entity10 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to investigate clinical effects of protruding after percutaneous vertebral plasty (PKP holds) for treatment of chronic @entity1 (CPOVCFs), and assess its safety and effectiveness. One hundred and eighteen CPOVCFs @entity0 were included, and analyzed and followed up therapeutic effects of PKP holds. All of these @entity0 were divided into NIVC (73 cases) and IVC (45 cases) group. Comparing operation time, bone cement perfusion, @entity1 intensity modulus visual grading scoring, @entity3 index, @entity2 fanterior relative height, local convex Angle, and surgical complications between the two groups. There were no significant differences between two groups for operation time of PKP holds (P>0.05). Amount of bone cement injection in IVC groups was significantly higher compared to NIVC group (P<0.05). @entity1 intensity visual modulus ratings and @entity3 index were significantly improved in both groups after surgery and postoperative follow-up period compared to pre-operation (P<0.05). @entity2 fanterior margin relative height and local convex angle were also significantly improved (P<0.05). @entity2 fanterior margin relative height was also significantly improved for IVC compared to NIVC group (P<0.05). There were no differences for bone cement leakage rate and adjacent segment @entity2 between two groups (P>0.05). But there was a case of bone cement loose, which needs to be treated for further step. In conclusion, PKP holds is a kind of effective and safe method for the IVC and NIVC @entity0 . Especially for the IVC @entity0 , PKP holds can significantly improve the @entity2 fanterior margin relative height.

title: Therapeutic effects of PKP on chronic XXXX with or without intravertebral cleft.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is reported that up to one-third of @entity0 might have some @entity3 after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The predictive factors for @entity2 remains conflicted, which was the main objective of this study. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis using data from enrolled 411 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity4 underwent PCNL from 2008 to 2013. The correlation between @entity3 with demographic characteristics, comorbidities and perioperative features was analyzed by Fisher's exact test or Mann-Whitney test. Logistic regression analysis was used for assessment of risk factors associatedwith @entity2 . RESULTS: The mean age of 411 @entity0 included was 53.6 years and male @entity0 occupied 57.9%. Of all the 411 @entity0 enrolled, 145 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The comorbidity of @entity1 and complete staghorn calculi were suggested to be independent risk factors for postoperative infectious complications by Logistic regression analysis. The overall complication rate was 31.1% (128/411) and 33 cases (8.0%) was categorized as major complications according to the modified Clavien score. The comorbidity of @entity1 and an upper pole tract were risk factors for the occurrence of major complications after PCNL. CONCLUSIONS: The comorbidity of @entity1 was significantly associated with an increasing incidence of both @entity3 after PCNL.

title: @entity1 , a risk factor for both XXXX after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is reported that up to one-third of @entity0 might have some @entity3 after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The predictive factors for @entity2 remains conflicted, which was the main objective of this study. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis using data from enrolled 411 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity4 underwent PCNL from 2008 to 2013. The correlation between @entity3 with demographic characteristics, comorbidities and perioperative features was analyzed by Fisher's exact test or Mann-Whitney test. Logistic regression analysis was used for assessment of risk factors associatedwith @entity2 . RESULTS: The mean age of 411 @entity0 included was 53.6 years and male @entity0 occupied 57.9%. Of all the 411 @entity0 enrolled, 145 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The comorbidity of @entity1 and complete staghorn calculi were suggested to be independent risk factors for postoperative infectious complications by Logistic regression analysis. The overall complication rate was 31.1% (128/411) and 33 cases (8.0%) was categorized as major complications according to the modified Clavien score. The comorbidity of @entity1 and an upper pole tract were risk factors for the occurrence of major complications after PCNL. CONCLUSIONS: The comorbidity of @entity1 was significantly associated with an increasing incidence of both @entity3 after PCNL.

title: XXXX , a risk factor for both @entity2 after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Strains of @entity3 virus isolated from enzootic habitats during interepizootic periods in Middle America and northern South America can be distinguished from each other antigenically by hemagglutination inhibition. This test has provided the basis for the classification of these virus strains into subtypes I-E and I-D, respectively. Virus strains of these two subtypes have been found to differ profoundly with respect to virulence for English short hair @entity1 . Studies are described which confirm that virus strains of the I-D subtype are @entity1 virulent, and that virulence is not the result of cocycling subpopulations of epizootic subtype I-AB or I-C virions. Two additional markers were found which distinguish subtype I-D and I-E @entity3 virus strains. Firstly, @entity0 chromatography of intact virions at pH 6.5 showed differential elution of I-D and I-E prototype strains. Virions of subtype I-D strains eluted at 0.08 to 0.11 M @entity2 , while those of subtype I-E strains eluted at 0.15 to 0.20 M @entity2 . Secondly, the isoelectric points of the E1 envelope glycoproteins of the I-D and I-E prototype strains were significantly different; pH 6.85 to 7.00 and pH 7.25 to 7.30, respectively. There was no significant difference in the isoelectric points of the E2 envelope glycoproteins. These distinguishing characteristics most likely reflect a fundamental difference in virion surface structure.

title: Markers of XXXX virus which distinguish enzootic strains of subtype I-D from those of I-E.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effect of water-soluble components of extra-old Cheddar cheese on experimental caries was tested by means of the seven-day @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Two @entity1 enamel blocks were placed in each buccal flange of the dental appliances of five volunteers. One side of each appliance (experimental) was dipped in a 25% water extract of the cheese for five min, while the other side (control) was dipped in de-ionized water. Immediately thereafter, the appliance was returned to the subject's mouth, and two 60-second rinses with 10% @entity3 were performed. These procedures were repeated six times per day. The cheese-extract dippings reduced the cariogenicity of the @entity3 by an average of 55.7% (p less than 0.01), as assessed by enamel microhardness. Neither the mean resting pH nor the mean minimum pH in response to @entity3 was significantly different between the experimental and control sides. The concentration of @entity2 was significantly higher in plaque from the experimental side (32.44 micrograms/mg) as compared with the control side (19.36 micrograms/mg, p less than 0.01). The concentration of plaque @entity5 was higher on the experimental side (12.90 micrograms/mg) than on the control side (9.61 micrograms/mg); however, the difference was not statistically significant. These results show that cheese has one or more water-soluble components which reduce experimental caries in @entity0 subjects.

title: Effects of water-soluble components of cheese on experimental caries in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The distribution patterns of @entity4 and fibronectin were studied in @entity1 of @entity0 aortas as well as in the regions devoid of any @entity1 of the same aortas. Frozen sections were analyzed for fibronectin and collagens by indirect immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase analysis with specific antisera prepared in @entity2 against @entity0 plasma fibronectin and against @entity0 @entity4 . Tissue samples were also stained for type I and III collagen distribution using Picro Sirius red according to the method described by Junqueira et al. (1979). In the regions devoid of any visible @entity1 , there is a co-distribution in the media of the aortic wall of @entity4 , with a predominance of type I collagen. Type I collagen is also visible in the intima, as a continuous layer. This is attributed to an age-dependent change of the aorta ( @entity5 ). Fibronectin can be demonstrated as a thin layer in the subendothelium and as a weak immunofluorescence over the media. In recent or evolutive @entity3 , fibronectin and type III collagen appear to be strongly increased and superimposed. There is also an increase of type I collagen in the intimal region of the plaque. The co-distribution of type III collagen and fibronectin in the @entity3 may suggest a tissue-repair-type of process, analogous to that which can be observed during wound healing. Our results suggest that in @entity1 , type III collagen and fibronectin are predominantly synthesized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative distribution patterns of XXXX and fibronectin in @entity0 arteriosclerotic aorta.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The distribution patterns of @entity4 and fibronectin were studied in @entity1 of @entity0 aortas as well as in the regions devoid of any @entity1 of the same aortas. Frozen sections were analyzed for fibronectin and collagens by indirect immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase analysis with specific antisera prepared in @entity2 against @entity0 plasma fibronectin and against @entity0 @entity4 . Tissue samples were also stained for type I and III collagen distribution using Picro Sirius red according to the method described by Junqueira et al. (1979). In the regions devoid of any visible @entity1 , there is a co-distribution in the media of the aortic wall of @entity4 , with a predominance of type I collagen. Type I collagen is also visible in the intima, as a continuous layer. This is attributed to an age-dependent change of the aorta ( @entity5 ). Fibronectin can be demonstrated as a thin layer in the subendothelium and as a weak immunofluorescence over the media. In recent or evolutive @entity3 , fibronectin and type III collagen appear to be strongly increased and superimposed. There is also an increase of type I collagen in the intimal region of the plaque. The co-distribution of type III collagen and fibronectin in the @entity3 may suggest a tissue-repair-type of process, analogous to that which can be observed during wound healing. Our results suggest that in @entity1 , type III collagen and fibronectin are predominantly synthesized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative distribution patterns of @entity4 and fibronectin in XXXX arteriosclerotic aorta.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate changes in incidence, @entity0 characteristics, comorbidity and in the care provided in cases of @entity3 at a tertiary hospital during the period 1973-99. METHODS: Thirty-nine cases were identified through the Swedish National Birth Registry. Incidences and rates regarding @entity0 characteristics and outcomes (duration of intensive care unit surveillance, assisted ventilation, multiple @entity1 , @entity2 , perinatal mortality, small for gestational age, and neonatal intensive care surveillance) were compared between the time periods 1973-79, 1980-89 and 1990-99 with trend analysis. RESULTS: The incidences in the three time periods were 3.0/10,000 births [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1-5.9], 6.2/10,000 births (95% CI 2.7-9.7) and 10.9/10,000 births (95% CI 6.4-15.4), respectively, which constitutes a significant difference according to trend analysis (p = 0.006). There were no differences in @entity0 characteristics or comorbidity. Onset occurred in hospital in 85% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the incidence of @entity3 reported here is contrary to international trends up until the early 1990s. The incidence in 1990-99 is also higher than the reported national incidence in Sweden 1976-80, which was 2.9/10,000 births. Despite successful identification of @entity0 at risk for @entity3 and hospital surveillance, several cases were not prevented. Better prognostic tests that identify impending @entity3 are needed to bring the incidence down further.

title: XXXX at a tertiary hospital 1973-99.

answer: @entity3


abstract: An easy, safe, and definitive operation for the " @entity6 " is described and has been termed subtotal cholecystectomy. Eighteen @entity0 underwent subtotal cholecystectomy during a 30-month period, which constitutes approximately 7% of cholecystectomies performed at our institution. The indications were @entity9 with severe @entity1 or inflammatory changes that prevented safe dissection in Calot's triangle in 11 @entity0 and portal @entity2 in seven @entity0 ( @entity7 [two @entity0 ] and segmental portal @entity2 caused by chronic @entity5 [five @entity0 ]) to prevent massive @entity3 from the @entity6 bed. The operation entails leaving the posterior wall of the @entity6 attached to the liver and securing the cystic duct at its origin from within the @entity6 with a purse string technique. The latter obviates the need for dangerous dissection in Calot's triangle. Control of bleeding from the remaining @entity6 edge is greatly facilitated by the use of a running suture after each stage of piecemeal excision of the @entity6 . All @entity0 survived the operation and wound @entity4 occurred in only two @entity0 (11%). One @entity0 required a laparotomy 1 month after surgery for adhesive @entity8 related to the remaining @entity6 wall and site of a liver biopsy. No @entity0 have so far developed postcholecystectomy symptoms (median follow-up 12.2 months; range 3 to 31 months). Subtotal cholecystectomy is a definitive operation that prevents recurrent @entity10 formation, as no residual diseased @entity6 is left in continuity with the biliary system. It provides a simple, safe option in @entity0 in whom cholecystectomy could be hazardous.

title: Subtotal cholecystectomy: for the difficult @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: An easy, safe, and definitive operation for the " @entity6 " is described and has been termed subtotal cholecystectomy. Eighteen @entity0 underwent subtotal cholecystectomy during a 30-month period, which constitutes approximately 7% of cholecystectomies performed at our institution. The indications were @entity9 with severe @entity1 or inflammatory changes that prevented safe dissection in Calot's triangle in 11 @entity0 and portal @entity2 in seven @entity0 ( @entity7 [two @entity0 ] and segmental portal @entity2 caused by chronic @entity5 [five @entity0 ]) to prevent massive @entity3 from the @entity6 bed. The operation entails leaving the posterior wall of the @entity6 attached to the liver and securing the cystic duct at its origin from within the @entity6 with a purse string technique. The latter obviates the need for dangerous dissection in Calot's triangle. Control of bleeding from the remaining @entity6 edge is greatly facilitated by the use of a running suture after each stage of piecemeal excision of the @entity6 . All @entity0 survived the operation and wound @entity4 occurred in only two @entity0 (11%). One @entity0 required a laparotomy 1 month after surgery for adhesive @entity8 related to the remaining @entity6 wall and site of a liver biopsy. No @entity0 have so far developed postcholecystectomy symptoms (median follow-up 12.2 months; range 3 to 31 months). Subtotal cholecystectomy is a definitive operation that prevents recurrent @entity10 formation, as no residual diseased @entity6 is left in continuity with the biliary system. It provides a simple, safe option in @entity0 in whom cholecystectomy could be hazardous.

title: Subtotal cholecystectomy: for the difficult XXXX and @entity9 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In a combination of in vivo and in vitro studies, we investigated mechanisms via which @entity5 , a lipid soluble form of @entity2 , can directly affect endothelial activation as induced by @entity3 and @entity4 . METHODS: We measured effects of @entity5 on @entity3 -induced lipid peroxidation as determined with a fluorescent C-11 BODIPY(581/591) probe and on adhesion molecule expression in cultured endothelial cells. In 20 healthy volunteers treated with increasing doses of @entity5 up to 800 IU/ml for 12 weeks, plasma levels of soluble cell adhesion molecules (sCAMs) and C-reactive protein were measured. RESULTS: We showed that @entity5 protects cultured endothelial cells against @entity3 -induced lipid peroxidation, while @entity4 did not induce lipid peroxidation. Moreover, @entity5 attenuated @entity3 -, but not @entity4 -induced increases in adhesion molecule expression. In healthy @entity0 , @entity5 decreased plasma levels of sE-selectin from 65+/-6 to 60+/-6 ng/ml (P=0.002), sVCAM from 893+/-31 to 853+/-23 ng/ml (P=0.022), and sICAM from 483+/-21 to 463+/-16 ng/ml (P=0.048). C-Reactive protein, as a sensitive marker of low grade @entity1 , was not significantly affected. CONCLUSION: @entity5 specifically inhibits lipid peroxidation-induced endothelial activation in vitro. The observed @entity2 -induced decrease in sCAMs in control subjects suggests that lipid peroxidation can take place in healthy individuals. Although @entity2 supplementation may be especially effective in specific groups of @entity0 exposed to increased oxidative stress, our study suggests that @entity2 supplementation can be of benefit in healthy individuals as well.

title: XXXX inhibits lipid peroxidation-induced adhesion molecule expression in endothelial cells and decreases soluble cell adhesion molecules in healthy subjects.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Several dietary approaches have reduced cardiovascular events in randomized clinical trials. Replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat prevented coronary events in @entity0 , and a Mediterranean diet and fatty fish improved survival. None of these trials had much impact on total fat intake but rather increased vegetable oils, @entity9 , or many other plant foods or nutrients that are linked to coronary prevention. The reductions in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) caused by these dietary therapies compare favorably with drug treatments for @entity4 and @entity2 . Improvement in blood lipid risk factors is an important mechanism to explain the results of trials of unsaturated fats. When saturated or trans unsaturated fats are replaced with monounsaturated or n-6 polyunsaturated fats from vegetable oils, primarily low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity3 decreases. The LDL to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity3 ratio decreases. When @entity8 are used to replace saturated fats, in a low-fat diet, LDL and HDL decrease similarly, and the ratio is not improved; @entity6 increase as well when @entity7 increases, except when low glycemic index foods are used. The n-3 polyunsaturated fats in fish oils suppress @entity5 and reduce @entity6 , but they have little effect on LDL or HDL @entity3 levels. The theme should be that diet has benefits that come directly from foods, as well as from the reduction in saturated fats, @entity3 , meats, and fatty dairy foods. It is likely that many diets could be designed that could prevent @entity1 . This potential diversity is crucial for engaging the diverse cultures and tastes of @entity0 worldwide in @entity1 prevention.

title: Randomized clinical trials on the effects of dietary fat and @entity7 on plasma lipoproteins and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Several dietary approaches have reduced cardiovascular events in randomized clinical trials. Replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat prevented coronary events in @entity0 , and a Mediterranean diet and fatty fish improved survival. None of these trials had much impact on total fat intake but rather increased vegetable oils, @entity9 , or many other plant foods or nutrients that are linked to coronary prevention. The reductions in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) caused by these dietary therapies compare favorably with drug treatments for @entity4 and @entity2 . Improvement in blood lipid risk factors is an important mechanism to explain the results of trials of unsaturated fats. When saturated or trans unsaturated fats are replaced with monounsaturated or n-6 polyunsaturated fats from vegetable oils, primarily low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity3 decreases. The LDL to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity3 ratio decreases. When @entity8 are used to replace saturated fats, in a low-fat diet, LDL and HDL decrease similarly, and the ratio is not improved; @entity6 increase as well when @entity7 increases, except when low glycemic index foods are used. The n-3 polyunsaturated fats in fish oils suppress @entity5 and reduce @entity6 , but they have little effect on LDL or HDL @entity3 levels. The theme should be that diet has benefits that come directly from foods, as well as from the reduction in saturated fats, @entity3 , meats, and fatty dairy foods. It is likely that many diets could be designed that could prevent @entity1 . This potential diversity is crucial for engaging the diverse cultures and tastes of @entity0 worldwide in @entity1 prevention.

title: Randomized clinical trials on the effects of dietary fat and XXXX on plasma lipoproteins and @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: A variety of indices has been developed for the quantitation of dental plaque. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the L  e plaque index and the number of bacteria on the same tooth. Furthermore, the effect of plaque accumulation on the salivary counts of some @entity1 was estimated. Twenty volunteers were asked to abstain from all oral hygiene for a one-week period. Clinical indices and bacteriological samples were taken at the start and at the end of the experimental period. After an interval of seven days, the experiment was repeated. The relationship between the L  e plaque index and the total bacterial counts on the same area of the tooth was found to be highly significant. After seven days without oral hygiene, the total counts and the Actinomyces viscosus/naeslundii and @entity0 counts in dental plaque had increased by approximately two log units, while the @entity2 counts had increased by more than one log unit. The large increase in the number of bacteria on the teeth was reflected in the salivary counts of the Actinomyces species, but not in the @entity0 or @entity2 counts. This was due to differences in ecological habitats of these species in the mouth. Highly significant correlations were found between the @entity2 level in dental plaque and the salivary level, and between the @entity2 counts of the subjects in the first and second trials of the experiment.

title: Relationship between XXXX and those in saliva.

answer: @entity1


abstract: There has been little information and much @entity2 regarding the genotoxic effects of @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to examine the spermatogenic influence of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) on the germ cells by means of the @entity0 sperm morphology test. Male @entity0 of genotype B6C3F1 were obtained at about eight weeks of age and maintained on a low- @entity3 diet (less than 0.2 ppm F) and distilled water ad libitum throughout the experiment. At approximately 13 weeks of age, the animals were randomly assigned to eight groups. Group I was intubated with the Maximum Tolerable Dosage (MTD) of @entity5 (70 mg/kg). Groups II through VI received @entity5 by stomach intubation at doses of 35, 20, 10, 1, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Group VII served as a negative control and was intubated with distilled water. The positive control, Group VIII, was exposed to a known mutagen, @entity1 (20 mg/kg, i.p.). The animals were treated daily for five days, and killed by cervical dislocation 35 days after the first exposure to chemicals. Slides of sperm from the cauda epididymides were prepared and blindly scored for morphological abnormalities. Weight of the testes was recorded, and the femurs were saved for @entity3 (F) analysis. Analysis of bone F demonstrated the effective absorption of @entity3 following intubation. The counts of abnormal sperm and the weights of the testes for @entity0 exposed to @entity5 doses up to the MTD were not significantly different from those of the negative control. The results of this study showed that @entity5 did not have adverse effects on @entity0 sperm morphology.

title: Effects of XXXX on the @entity0 sperm morphology test.

answer: @entity3


abstract: There has been little information and much @entity2 regarding the genotoxic effects of @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to examine the spermatogenic influence of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) on the germ cells by means of the @entity0 sperm morphology test. Male @entity0 of genotype B6C3F1 were obtained at about eight weeks of age and maintained on a low- @entity3 diet (less than 0.2 ppm F) and distilled water ad libitum throughout the experiment. At approximately 13 weeks of age, the animals were randomly assigned to eight groups. Group I was intubated with the Maximum Tolerable Dosage (MTD) of @entity5 (70 mg/kg). Groups II through VI received @entity5 by stomach intubation at doses of 35, 20, 10, 1, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Group VII served as a negative control and was intubated with distilled water. The positive control, Group VIII, was exposed to a known mutagen, @entity1 (20 mg/kg, i.p.). The animals were treated daily for five days, and killed by cervical dislocation 35 days after the first exposure to chemicals. Slides of sperm from the cauda epididymides were prepared and blindly scored for morphological abnormalities. Weight of the testes was recorded, and the femurs were saved for @entity3 (F) analysis. Analysis of bone F demonstrated the effective absorption of @entity3 following intubation. The counts of abnormal sperm and the weights of the testes for @entity0 exposed to @entity5 doses up to the MTD were not significantly different from those of the negative control. The results of this study showed that @entity5 did not have adverse effects on @entity0 sperm morphology.

title: Effects of @entity3 on the XXXX sperm morphology test.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity5 ) inhibits cell proliferation. This may be mediated by transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity6 ). @entity6 directly stops cell proliferation, restrains cells in G(0), and inhibits the uptake of platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor. These effects are identical to those observed with @entity5 treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: We cultured @entity1 thoracic aorta vascular smooth muscle cells and measured @entity3 , cell proliferation, cell cycle, transcription of @entity6 , and concentration of @entity6 in supernatant medium. @entity5 dose-dependently restrained cells in G(0) phase with no cytotoxic effect and inhibited cell proliferation by 30.86%. Anti- @entity6 reversed this inhibition by 30.21%. However, @entity5 treatment decreased @entity6 transcription and had no significant effect on @entity6 concentration. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 seems to play an important role in @entity5 -mediated inhibition of cell proliferation. Therefore, treatment with @entity5 prevents @entity4 not only by means of its antiplatelet properties but also by an important inhibition of plaque growth. This relationship between @entity5 and @entity6 explains many other effects, such as @entity0 chemoprevention, immunomodulation, and wound healing. The aim of this study was to demonstrate this link.

title: XXXX inhibits cell proliferation by involving transforming growth factor-beta.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study reports quantitative and qualitative differences in intestinal @entity2 and @entity0 in miniature @entity1 following dietary casein or soy protein isolate. The total amount of @entity2 in the small intestine was significantly higher when soy protein isolate was fed in comparison to casein. The values were (mean +/- SEM) 4.51 +/- 0.39 mmol and 2.43 +/- 0.08 mmol, respectively, when the proteins were given as the sole component of the diet. When the proteins were given as part of a semi-purified diet, these values were 6.44 +/- 1.04 mmol and 3.95 +/- 0.39 mmol, respectively. @entity5 amounted to 39.6%, @entity6 to 31%, and @entity4 to 27.6% of total @entity2 in the small intestine when casein was fed. The soy-fed animals tended to have more secondary @entity2 . The total small bowel chymus content, on a wet weight basis, was 63% higher in the soy group. In all experimental conditions studied, there was a close correlation between small bowel chyme content and @entity3 content. The distribution of @entity2 in the small intestine showed that the soy fed animals tended to have more @entity2 in the distal parts of the jejunum. The intestinal @entity0 contents were not significantly different between dietary groups.

title: Influence of dietary casein and soy protein isolate on intestinal XXXX and @entity3 concentration.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study reports quantitative and qualitative differences in intestinal @entity2 and @entity0 in miniature @entity1 following dietary casein or soy protein isolate. The total amount of @entity2 in the small intestine was significantly higher when soy protein isolate was fed in comparison to casein. The values were (mean +/- SEM) 4.51 +/- 0.39 mmol and 2.43 +/- 0.08 mmol, respectively, when the proteins were given as the sole component of the diet. When the proteins were given as part of a semi-purified diet, these values were 6.44 +/- 1.04 mmol and 3.95 +/- 0.39 mmol, respectively. @entity5 amounted to 39.6%, @entity6 to 31%, and @entity4 to 27.6% of total @entity2 in the small intestine when casein was fed. The soy-fed animals tended to have more secondary @entity2 . The total small bowel chymus content, on a wet weight basis, was 63% higher in the soy group. In all experimental conditions studied, there was a close correlation between small bowel chyme content and @entity3 content. The distribution of @entity2 in the small intestine showed that the soy fed animals tended to have more @entity2 in the distal parts of the jejunum. The intestinal @entity0 contents were not significantly different between dietary groups.

title: Influence of dietary casein and soy protein isolate on intestinal @entity0 and XXXX concentration.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It was aimed to analyze the biometric changes in ipsilateral submandibular glands of @entity0 with unilateral chorda tympani (ChT) section during otological operations, compared with change in size of the contralateral glands and with those of healthy subjects. METHODS: 29 @entity0 with unilateral complete ChT section and 29 healthy subjects with identical ages, genders, and weights to the @entity0 group were examined ultrasonographically. The @entity0 having a mean duration to follow-up examination of 32 months (2-84 months) were subdivided into two groups by their time to follow-up as short-term @entity0 group (2-12 months, 14 @entity0 ) and long-term @entity0 group (13-84 months, 15 @entity0 ). The ultrasonographic dimensions and volumes of submandibular glands were compared statistically between the groups. RESULTS: In the @entity0 group, the glands on the contralateral, non-operated side were found to be greater than the ipsilateral, denervated glands in terms of both paramandibular depth dimension (P<0.05) and volume (P<0.01). The differences could be determined only in long-term @entity0 group. When comparing the submandibular glands of the @entity0 group with those of the control group, it was found that paramandibular depth dimension and volume of the submandibular glands on the contralateral, non-operated side were statistically greater (P<0.01). There was no difference between submandibular glands on the operated side of the @entity0 group and those of the control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The late (13-84 months) biometric results of @entity1 on submandibular gland were significant for increase in the size of the contralateral, non-denervated submandibular gland. An @entity2 effect was not ascertained in the submandibular glands denervated parasympathetically due to the section of the ChT.

title: The effects of the XXXX on submandibular glands: biometric changes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Heller myotomy using the laparoscopic approach is the best treatment that we can offer to @entity0 with @entity3 . On not acting on the cause of the disease, we can only alleviate the persistence of the symptoms, but not make them disappear. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the results of our group in the treatment of @entity3 by laparoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The pre- and post-operative results are analysed of a series of 20 @entity0 intervened prospectively by laparoscopy of @entity3 during a period from May 2003 to April 2010. For this we used a modification of the grading scale of pre- and post-operative symptoms described by Velanovich for @entity2 (a scale from 0-5). Data on the complications and the hospital stay were also collected. RESULTS: A wide Heller myotomy was performed using a Dor type antireflux mechanism. There were no oesophageal perforations or complications during the surgery. Two (10%) @entity0 had @entity1 . The mean hospital stay was 3.11    2.13 days. After a mean follow up of 55.8    14.1 months, the symptoms studied had significantly decreased after the surgery. Only 3 (15%) @entity0 had clinical symptoms of @entity2 after surgery. Nineteen @entity0 (95%) said they were satisfied with the operation. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic treatment of @entity3 is a safe technique, reproducible and effective technique, which achieves very satisfactory control of the @entity3 symptoms with a minimum of morbidity.

title: [Laparoscopic treatment of XXXX : analysis of results and reflections on the technique].

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study investigating the clinical outcome of the inside-outside cranial bolt technique for occipitocervical stabilization used to manage @entity3 was conducted. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the inside-outside technique for occipitocervical stabilization used to manage @entity3 @entity0 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Achieving occipital cervical fusion for @entity0 with @entity3 is a complex and challenging problem. Complications related to placement of occipital screws have been reported. METHODS: Occipitocervical stabilization was used for @entity4 in 21 @entity0 with @entity3 . The @entity0 were assessed for pre- and postoperative neurologic status (Ranawat classification), @entity5 , fusion and alignment, hardware complications, and continued posterior cranial settling. All the @entity0 underwent stabilization using inside-outside occipital screws. The technique involves bilateral fixation of cervical plates to the occiput using inside-outside screws, and to the cervical spine using pars screws at C2 or lateral mass screws at subaxial levels. Bone grafting was accomplished with autologous rib or iliac crest graft. RESULTS: During the study, 14 @entity0 and 7 @entity0 with @entity3 underwent occipitocervical stabilization and fusion. The average age of the @entity0 was 65 years, and the mean follow-up period was 25.5 months. There were no surgical complications. Neck @entity2 was reduced from an average Ranawat @entity2 score of 2.40 to 0.4 (P < 0.0001). The Ranawat neurologic grade improved in 62% of the @entity0 with preoperative @entity1 . Further cranial settling was not observed in any @entity0 . There were no complications from implants and no incidence of instrumentation failure. CONCLUSIONS: The "inside-outside" technique is safe and effective for stabilizing the occipitocervical junction in @entity3 @entity0 . It is associated with significant @entity5 , improved neurologic status, and maintenance of alignment and stability.

title: Occipitocervical fusion for XXXX using the inside-outside stabilization technique.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Pharmacoinvasive strategy represents an attractive alternative to primary angioplasty. Using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging we compared the left ventricular outcome of the pharmacoinvasive strategy and primary angioplasty for the reperfusion of ST-segment elevation @entity3 . METHODS: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance was performed 1 week and 6 months after @entity4 in two consecutive cohorts of @entity0 included in a prospective university hospital ST-segment elevation @entity3 registry. During the period 2004-2006, 151 @entity0 were treated with pharmacoinvasive strategy (thrombolysis followed by routine non-immediate angioplasty). During the period 2007-2008, 93 @entity0 were treated with primary angioplasty. A propensity score matched population was also evaluated. RESULTS: At 1-week cardiovascular magnetic resonance, pharmacoinvasive strategy and primary angioplasty @entity0 showed a similar extent of area at risk (29  15 vs. 29  17%, P=.9). Non-significant differences were detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 1 week and at 6 months in infarct size, salvaged myocardium, microvascular obstruction, ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume index and end-systolic volume index (P>.2 in all cases). The same trend was observed in 1-to-1 propensity score matched @entity0 . The rate of major adverse @entity2 ( @entity1 and/or re- @entity4 ) at 1 year was 6% in pharmacoinvasive strategy and 7% in primary angioplasty @entity0 (P=.7). CONCLUSIONS: A pharmacoinvasive strategy including thrombolysis and routine non-immediate angioplasty represents a widely available and logistically attractive approach that yields identical short-term and long-term cardiovascular magnetic resonance-derived left ventricular outcome compared to primary angioplasty.

title: One-week and 6-month cardiovascular magnetic resonance outcome of the pharmacoinvasive strategy and primary angioplasty for the reperfusion of ST-segment elevation XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: 136 @entity0 were followed after implantation a @entity8 pacemaker (PM) for a total of 1,919 @entity0 -months (m = 14.1 months/ @entity0 ). 22/136 @entity0 had one or more episodes of @entity4 (AF) postoperatively. In 121/136 @entity0 (group A) AF had not been documented before, in 4 it was unknown at the time of implantation, but was verified retrospectively (group B). 11 @entity0 (group C) had a positive history of previous AF. Post implantation 7.4% in group A and 81.8% in group C developed AF. In @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) the incidence was 10/37 (27%), in those with @entity2 (AV) 6/77 (7.8%) and in cases with both @entity6 and AV 6/22 (27.3%). The first AF episode occurred during the implantation itself (n = 2) or during the hospital course in 9/22 @entity0 (A: 11%, B/C: 64% early attacks), and later on in 13 with a time delay of 1-24 months (m = 8.5, 8 @entity0 ) in group A and 2-15 months (m = 6.6, 4 @entity0 ) in groups B/C. 2 @entity0 of group C had no AF episodes post implantation. In the individual @entity0 the number of attacks ranged from 1 to 3 (10.4/100 @entity0 -months) in group A and from 1 to 6 (20.1/100 @entity0 -months) in groups B/C. During AF 16/22 @entity0 had a ventricular rate of 110-185, m = 132 bpm. In 6 @entity0 the @entity1 was mediated by the PM and in 10 by fast intrinsic AV conduction. 1 @entity0 with @entity6 , 2 with @entity6 + AV (spontaneous ventricular rate less than 45 bpm) and 3 with AV needed ventricular backup-pacing during AF. In 7 @entity0 a total of 15 attacks of @entity5 could be terminated by atrial overdrive pacing, in 5 of these episodes by temporary high rate A00 stimulation via the implanted pacemaker lead system. Otherwise AF was converted to sinus rhythm by antiarrhythmic drugs. After termination AF often recurred, but only 3 @entity0 developed chronic @entity4 . In 2 @entity0 a ventricular rate greater than 180 bpm during AF reverted the PM to asynchronous mode, a possible cause of @entity7 in one. No other complications due to the PM itself have been encountered. AF, therefore, common during @entity8 pacing, even in @entity0 without any AF history before implant. Both the incidence and the recurrence of AF depend on the presence or absence of previous @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX and @entity4 by @entity8 stimulation].

answer: @entity5


abstract: 136 @entity0 were followed after implantation a @entity8 pacemaker (PM) for a total of 1,919 @entity0 -months (m = 14.1 months/ @entity0 ). 22/136 @entity0 had one or more episodes of @entity4 (AF) postoperatively. In 121/136 @entity0 (group A) AF had not been documented before, in 4 it was unknown at the time of implantation, but was verified retrospectively (group B). 11 @entity0 (group C) had a positive history of previous AF. Post implantation 7.4% in group A and 81.8% in group C developed AF. In @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) the incidence was 10/37 (27%), in those with @entity2 (AV) 6/77 (7.8%) and in cases with both @entity6 and AV 6/22 (27.3%). The first AF episode occurred during the implantation itself (n = 2) or during the hospital course in 9/22 @entity0 (A: 11%, B/C: 64% early attacks), and later on in 13 with a time delay of 1-24 months (m = 8.5, 8 @entity0 ) in group A and 2-15 months (m = 6.6, 4 @entity0 ) in groups B/C. 2 @entity0 of group C had no AF episodes post implantation. In the individual @entity0 the number of attacks ranged from 1 to 3 (10.4/100 @entity0 -months) in group A and from 1 to 6 (20.1/100 @entity0 -months) in groups B/C. During AF 16/22 @entity0 had a ventricular rate of 110-185, m = 132 bpm. In 6 @entity0 the @entity1 was mediated by the PM and in 10 by fast intrinsic AV conduction. 1 @entity0 with @entity6 , 2 with @entity6 + AV (spontaneous ventricular rate less than 45 bpm) and 3 with AV needed ventricular backup-pacing during AF. In 7 @entity0 a total of 15 attacks of @entity5 could be terminated by atrial overdrive pacing, in 5 of these episodes by temporary high rate A00 stimulation via the implanted pacemaker lead system. Otherwise AF was converted to sinus rhythm by antiarrhythmic drugs. After termination AF often recurred, but only 3 @entity0 developed chronic @entity4 . In 2 @entity0 a ventricular rate greater than 180 bpm during AF reverted the PM to asynchronous mode, a possible cause of @entity7 in one. No other complications due to the PM itself have been encountered. AF, therefore, common during @entity8 pacing, even in @entity0 without any AF history before implant. Both the incidence and the recurrence of AF depend on the presence or absence of previous @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [ @entity5 and XXXX by @entity8 stimulation].

answer: @entity4


abstract: 136 @entity0 were followed after implantation a @entity8 pacemaker (PM) for a total of 1,919 @entity0 -months (m = 14.1 months/ @entity0 ). 22/136 @entity0 had one or more episodes of @entity4 (AF) postoperatively. In 121/136 @entity0 (group A) AF had not been documented before, in 4 it was unknown at the time of implantation, but was verified retrospectively (group B). 11 @entity0 (group C) had a positive history of previous AF. Post implantation 7.4% in group A and 81.8% in group C developed AF. In @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) the incidence was 10/37 (27%), in those with @entity2 (AV) 6/77 (7.8%) and in cases with both @entity6 and AV 6/22 (27.3%). The first AF episode occurred during the implantation itself (n = 2) or during the hospital course in 9/22 @entity0 (A: 11%, B/C: 64% early attacks), and later on in 13 with a time delay of 1-24 months (m = 8.5, 8 @entity0 ) in group A and 2-15 months (m = 6.6, 4 @entity0 ) in groups B/C. 2 @entity0 of group C had no AF episodes post implantation. In the individual @entity0 the number of attacks ranged from 1 to 3 (10.4/100 @entity0 -months) in group A and from 1 to 6 (20.1/100 @entity0 -months) in groups B/C. During AF 16/22 @entity0 had a ventricular rate of 110-185, m = 132 bpm. In 6 @entity0 the @entity1 was mediated by the PM and in 10 by fast intrinsic AV conduction. 1 @entity0 with @entity6 , 2 with @entity6 + AV (spontaneous ventricular rate less than 45 bpm) and 3 with AV needed ventricular backup-pacing during AF. In 7 @entity0 a total of 15 attacks of @entity5 could be terminated by atrial overdrive pacing, in 5 of these episodes by temporary high rate A00 stimulation via the implanted pacemaker lead system. Otherwise AF was converted to sinus rhythm by antiarrhythmic drugs. After termination AF often recurred, but only 3 @entity0 developed chronic @entity4 . In 2 @entity0 a ventricular rate greater than 180 bpm during AF reverted the PM to asynchronous mode, a possible cause of @entity7 in one. No other complications due to the PM itself have been encountered. AF, therefore, common during @entity8 pacing, even in @entity0 without any AF history before implant. Both the incidence and the recurrence of AF depend on the presence or absence of previous @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [ @entity5 and @entity4 by XXXX stimulation].

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Thyroid autoantibodies (TA) and thyroid ultrasonography are widely used in the diagnosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, we know little of the significance of having @entity2 ( @entity2 ) without having any other signs of @entity4 . In a previous population-based study of 105 young @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 (T1DM) we found a high prevalence (42%) of @entity2 . In the present study we evaluate the development of both @entity2 and TA in a 3-Year follow-up of this cohort. DESIGN: Of the 105 previously investigated @entity0 and adolescents with T1DM (aged 5-21 Years), 101 were re-examined. Serum concentrations of @entity5 (T(3)), @entity6 (T(4)), TSH, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOab) and thyroglobulin antibodies (Tgab), as well as thyroid size and morphology were determined in all @entity0 . RESULTS: During the 3 Years follow-up period, the prevalence of @entity3 increased from 5 to 8%, the prevalence of TPOab was unchanged at 13%, while the prevalence of Tgab decreased from 14 to 7%. The prevalence of @entity2 increased from 42 to 49%. Most @entity0 presented @entity2 at both examinations. @entity0 with @entity2 had a higher prevalence of TA than those without @entity2 (P=0.038) and higher serum levels of TSH (P=0.027). All @entity0 with @entity3 presented with @entity2 . However, many @entity0 with @entity2 had no other signs of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of @entity3 , TA and thyroid @entity2 were found in young @entity0 with T1DM. Thyroid @entity2 was a sensitive but non-specific marker of @entity4 and is therefore unsuitable for screening purposes. Instead, we recommend regular screening using serum TSH in the follow-up of young @entity1 @entity0 .

title: A prospective study of thyroid function, morphology and autoimmunity in young @entity0 with type 1 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Thyroid autoantibodies (TA) and thyroid ultrasonography are widely used in the diagnosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, we know little of the significance of having @entity2 ( @entity2 ) without having any other signs of @entity4 . In a previous population-based study of 105 young @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 (T1DM) we found a high prevalence (42%) of @entity2 . In the present study we evaluate the development of both @entity2 and TA in a 3-Year follow-up of this cohort. DESIGN: Of the 105 previously investigated @entity0 and adolescents with T1DM (aged 5-21 Years), 101 were re-examined. Serum concentrations of @entity5 (T(3)), @entity6 (T(4)), TSH, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOab) and thyroglobulin antibodies (Tgab), as well as thyroid size and morphology were determined in all @entity0 . RESULTS: During the 3 Years follow-up period, the prevalence of @entity3 increased from 5 to 8%, the prevalence of TPOab was unchanged at 13%, while the prevalence of Tgab decreased from 14 to 7%. The prevalence of @entity2 increased from 42 to 49%. Most @entity0 presented @entity2 at both examinations. @entity0 with @entity2 had a higher prevalence of TA than those without @entity2 (P=0.038) and higher serum levels of TSH (P=0.027). All @entity0 with @entity3 presented with @entity2 . However, many @entity0 with @entity2 had no other signs of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of @entity3 , TA and thyroid @entity2 were found in young @entity0 with T1DM. Thyroid @entity2 was a sensitive but non-specific marker of @entity4 and is therefore unsuitable for screening purposes. Instead, we recommend regular screening using serum TSH in the follow-up of young @entity1 @entity0 .

title: A prospective study of thyroid function, morphology and autoimmunity in young XXXX with type 1 @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to semi-quantitatively analyze stromal cell apoptosis, stromal cell proliferation, and myofibroblast generation over time points from 4hr to 3 months in @entity2 eyes having photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or laser in situ keratomeliusis (LASIK). @entity1 and @entity0 were also studied. PRK for @entity4 (-4.5diopters [D]), PRK for @entity4 (-9.0D), and LASIK for @entity4 (-9.0D) were performed in @entity2 eyes, and corneas were obtained for examination at 4, 24, and 72hr, 1 and 4 weeks, and 3 months after surgery. A total of 144 @entity2 were included in the study. Stromal cell apoptosis, proliferation, and myofibroblast generation were evaluated semi-quantitatively by TUNEL assay, immunocytochemical analysis of Ki67, and immunocytochemical analysis of @entity5 , respectively. @entity1 and characteristics of other cell types in the stroma were evaluated by electron microscopy. Keratocyte apoptosis and the subsequent proliferation and generation of myofibroblasts were qualitatively and quantitatively different in PRK for @entity4 compared to either PRK for @entity4 or LASIK for @entity4 . @entity1 becomes a significant form of cell death by 24hr after injury and may involve corneal fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and inflammatory cells. Large numbers of polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes invade the @entity3 by 24hr after surgery and persist for over 1 week. The qualitative and quantitative differences in the cellular wound healing response after PRK for high and @entity4 and LASIK for @entity4 are likely determinants of the clinical differences in refractive outcome and some of the complications, such as regression and haze, seen after these procedures.

title: Apoptosis, XXXX , proliferation, and myofibroblast generation in the stroma following LASIK and PRK.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Among @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), vestibular function is nonhomogeneous, both before and after surgical removal of the @entity1 . This paper reports investigations of neural changes, especially changes in the contribution of visual input to vestibular system integration, after @entity1 surgery. METHODS: We examined 33 @entity0 who underwent @entity1 surgery via a middle fossa approach. Static and dynamic subjective visual vertical ( @entity3 ) was measured once after surgery and compared to those measured in control subjects. SVVs were assessed using a paradigm requiring the subject to manually adjust an image of a bar to the perceived vertical alignment. SVVs were measured when the background was stationary or rotating. RESULTS: In almost all @entity0 , static @entity3 deviated toward the operated side. In @entity1 subjects, the mean static @entity3 was 1.8+/-2.2 degrees; the amount of deviation in the dynamic @entity3 toward the operated side (11.7+/-8.3 degrees ) was significantly larger than that to the intact side (8.8+/-5.5 degrees ). In @entity1 subjects, static @entity3 was correlated with dynamic @entity3 only in cases of bar adjustments toward the operated side (R=0.67, P<0.001), but not in cases of adjustments toward the intact, unoperated side. The @entity2 was defined as the mean value of dynamic @entity3 for adjustments toward either side. There was only a weak correlation between the static @entity3 and the @entity2 (R=0.31; P<0.05) in the control subjects. On the other hand, a more robust correlation between static @entity3 and @entity2 was found (R=0.67, P<0.001) in @entity1 subjects. There was no correlation between the static @entity3 and the deviation of dynamic @entity3 from static @entity3 for CCW and CW in control subjects. In contrast, there were significant correlations between static @entity3 and deviation of dynamic @entity3 from static @entity3 for adjustments made toward both operated (r=0.48, P<0.001) and intact sides (r=038, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It is assumed that the amount of deviation in static @entity3 reflects the individual level of compensation. In addition, increased visual dependency evoked a symmetrical bias of the dynamic @entity3 from the measures at initial @entity3 assessment (i.e. static @entity3 or the center of tilt). As a result, we conclude that the contribution of visual inputs had changed after surgery, while at the same time, each @entity0 used their static @entity3 as their reference point for orientation.

title: Compensatory changes in static and dynamic subjective visual vertical in @entity0 following XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Among @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), vestibular function is nonhomogeneous, both before and after surgical removal of the @entity1 . This paper reports investigations of neural changes, especially changes in the contribution of visual input to vestibular system integration, after @entity1 surgery. METHODS: We examined 33 @entity0 who underwent @entity1 surgery via a middle fossa approach. Static and dynamic subjective visual vertical ( @entity3 ) was measured once after surgery and compared to those measured in control subjects. SVVs were assessed using a paradigm requiring the subject to manually adjust an image of a bar to the perceived vertical alignment. SVVs were measured when the background was stationary or rotating. RESULTS: In almost all @entity0 , static @entity3 deviated toward the operated side. In @entity1 subjects, the mean static @entity3 was 1.8+/-2.2 degrees; the amount of deviation in the dynamic @entity3 toward the operated side (11.7+/-8.3 degrees ) was significantly larger than that to the intact side (8.8+/-5.5 degrees ). In @entity1 subjects, static @entity3 was correlated with dynamic @entity3 only in cases of bar adjustments toward the operated side (R=0.67, P<0.001), but not in cases of adjustments toward the intact, unoperated side. The @entity2 was defined as the mean value of dynamic @entity3 for adjustments toward either side. There was only a weak correlation between the static @entity3 and the @entity2 (R=0.31; P<0.05) in the control subjects. On the other hand, a more robust correlation between static @entity3 and @entity2 was found (R=0.67, P<0.001) in @entity1 subjects. There was no correlation between the static @entity3 and the deviation of dynamic @entity3 from static @entity3 for CCW and CW in control subjects. In contrast, there were significant correlations between static @entity3 and deviation of dynamic @entity3 from static @entity3 for adjustments made toward both operated (r=0.48, P<0.001) and intact sides (r=038, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It is assumed that the amount of deviation in static @entity3 reflects the individual level of compensation. In addition, increased visual dependency evoked a symmetrical bias of the dynamic @entity3 from the measures at initial @entity3 assessment (i.e. static @entity3 or the center of tilt). As a result, we conclude that the contribution of visual inputs had changed after surgery, while at the same time, each @entity0 used their static @entity3 as their reference point for orientation.

title: Compensatory changes in static and dynamic subjective visual vertical in XXXX following @entity1 surgery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a syndrome characterized by @entity1 , low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure without apparent causes for CSF loss, and diffuse pachymeningeal @entity5 enhancement on cranial MRI. Hearing is affected in some @entity0 with @entity6 . A case of @entity6 with @entity2 is reported. A 51-year-old @entity0 developed a severe @entity1 that was almost completely relieved on recumbency. Cranial MRI with @entity5 infusion showed diffuse enhancement of the dura mater. Radionuclide cisternography demonstrated CSF leaks at the upper and lower thoracic levels. Epidural blood patches at these leak sites alleviated the @entity1 , however, @entity2 and muffled hearing persisted. Initial audiometry was unremarkable; repeat audiometry performed 6 weeks later demonstrated low-frequency @entity3 in the right ear. Continuous epidural saline infusion for 3 consecutive days was performed; auditory symptoms disappeared 4 weeks thereafter. This case illustrates that @entity2 represent @entity4 even in the absence of @entity1 . MRI with @entity5 infusion should be carried out in the evaluation of @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Orthostatic tinnitus: an otological presentation of spontaneous XXXX .

answer: @entity4