abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are benign breast lesions that have been implicated as independent risk factors for @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 9556 @entity1 who underwent biopsy between 1950-1986 and enrolled in the Nashville Breast Cohort was performed to investigate the association between @entity4 in a benign breast biopsy and the risk of @entity0 . The risk associated with @entity4 and coexistent @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was assessed adjusting for age at biopsy using a Cox hazards regression analysis with time-dependent covariates. RESULTS: @entity4 were identified in 880 @entity1 (9.2%). The average follow-up time was 20.4 years. Sixty-two @entity1 (7.0%) with @entity4 developed @entity0 compared with 5.5% of controls. The relative risk of @entity0 associated with @entity4 was 1.82 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.2-2.7) at 10 years. Restricting the analysis to @entity1 age > 49 years increased the risk to 2.14 (95% CI, 0.6-2.8). These risks decreased with increasing years of follow-up. Approximately 92% of @entity1 with @entity4 also had @entity2 , but @entity4 were present in only 1.3% of biopsies without @entity2 . Analyses stratifying relative risk with regard to @entity2 found @entity4 to minimally elevate the relative risk of subsequent @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 in the absence of @entity2 is uncommon. Although the presence of @entity4 in a benign breast biopsy mildly elevates the risk of @entity0 risk, the current analysis indicated that this risk can be largely attributed to the category of coexistent @entity2 . In @entity1 with both @entity4 and @entity3 , recommendations for interventions beyond biopsy should be based on the extent of @entity3 .

title: Interdependence of radial scar and proliferative disease with respect to @entity0 risk in XXXX with benign breast biopsies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved the survival of @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The German @entity8 Study Group investigated whether HAART administered concomitantly with @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity11 , and @entity3 ( @entity12 ) chemotherapy compromised the course of immune parameters during and after chemotherapy and exerted a positive effect on remission and survival. METHODS: From 1997 to 2001, 72 @entity0 with @entity8 were stratified prospectively into a standard-risk group (n = 48 @entity0 ) and a high-risk group (n = 24 @entity0 ) with either 0-1 or 2-3 of the following risk factors: @entity4 < 50/microL, prior @entity9 , and/or a World Health Organization performance status > or = 3. @entity0 in the high-risk group received > or =75% of the @entity12 regimen. RESULTS: In the standard-risk group ( @entity4 = 223/muL; age-adjusted International Prognostic Index [aaIPI], 38% > or = 2), the complete remission (CR) rate was 79%, and median survival was not reached after a median 47 months of follow-up. @entity4 counts did not change from baseline to 4 weeks after the end of chemotherapy (206/microL). In the high-risk group ( @entity4 = 34/muL; aaIPI, 88% > or = 2), the CR rate was 29%, and the median survival was 7.2 months (3 @entity0 survived for > 3 yrs). @entity1 was moderate: @entity10 Grade 3 or 4 occurred in 100 of 249 chemotherapy cycles (40%) in the standard-risk group and in 70 of 102 cycles (69%) in the high-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the aaIPI, the survival of @entity0 in the standard-risk group was very similar to that achieved by @entity6 @entity0 who had @entity2 . Concurrent @entity12 plus HAART can be administered in an outpatient setting. Thus, the authors recommend using this modality as first-line therapy for @entity0 with @entity8 .

title: @entity8 : simultaneous treatment with combined @entity7 , XXXX , @entity11 , and @entity3 chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy is safe and improves survival--results of the German Multicenter Trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved the survival of @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The German @entity8 Study Group investigated whether HAART administered concomitantly with @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity11 , and @entity3 ( @entity12 ) chemotherapy compromised the course of immune parameters during and after chemotherapy and exerted a positive effect on remission and survival. METHODS: From 1997 to 2001, 72 @entity0 with @entity8 were stratified prospectively into a standard-risk group (n = 48 @entity0 ) and a high-risk group (n = 24 @entity0 ) with either 0-1 or 2-3 of the following risk factors: @entity4 < 50/microL, prior @entity9 , and/or a World Health Organization performance status > or = 3. @entity0 in the high-risk group received > or =75% of the @entity12 regimen. RESULTS: In the standard-risk group ( @entity4 = 223/muL; age-adjusted International Prognostic Index [aaIPI], 38% > or = 2), the complete remission (CR) rate was 79%, and median survival was not reached after a median 47 months of follow-up. @entity4 counts did not change from baseline to 4 weeks after the end of chemotherapy (206/microL). In the high-risk group ( @entity4 = 34/muL; aaIPI, 88% > or = 2), the CR rate was 29%, and the median survival was 7.2 months (3 @entity0 survived for > 3 yrs). @entity1 was moderate: @entity10 Grade 3 or 4 occurred in 100 of 249 chemotherapy cycles (40%) in the standard-risk group and in 70 of 102 cycles (69%) in the high-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the aaIPI, the survival of @entity0 in the standard-risk group was very similar to that achieved by @entity6 @entity0 who had @entity2 . Concurrent @entity12 plus HAART can be administered in an outpatient setting. Thus, the authors recommend using this modality as first-line therapy for @entity0 with @entity8 .

title: @entity8 : simultaneous treatment with combined @entity7 , @entity5 , XXXX , and @entity3 chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy is safe and improves survival--results of the German Multicenter Trial.

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved the survival of @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The German @entity8 Study Group investigated whether HAART administered concomitantly with @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity11 , and @entity3 ( @entity12 ) chemotherapy compromised the course of immune parameters during and after chemotherapy and exerted a positive effect on remission and survival. METHODS: From 1997 to 2001, 72 @entity0 with @entity8 were stratified prospectively into a standard-risk group (n = 48 @entity0 ) and a high-risk group (n = 24 @entity0 ) with either 0-1 or 2-3 of the following risk factors: @entity4 < 50/microL, prior @entity9 , and/or a World Health Organization performance status > or = 3. @entity0 in the high-risk group received > or =75% of the @entity12 regimen. RESULTS: In the standard-risk group ( @entity4 = 223/muL; age-adjusted International Prognostic Index [aaIPI], 38% > or = 2), the complete remission (CR) rate was 79%, and median survival was not reached after a median 47 months of follow-up. @entity4 counts did not change from baseline to 4 weeks after the end of chemotherapy (206/microL). In the high-risk group ( @entity4 = 34/muL; aaIPI, 88% > or = 2), the CR rate was 29%, and the median survival was 7.2 months (3 @entity0 survived for > 3 yrs). @entity1 was moderate: @entity10 Grade 3 or 4 occurred in 100 of 249 chemotherapy cycles (40%) in the standard-risk group and in 70 of 102 cycles (69%) in the high-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the aaIPI, the survival of @entity0 in the standard-risk group was very similar to that achieved by @entity6 @entity0 who had @entity2 . Concurrent @entity12 plus HAART can be administered in an outpatient setting. Thus, the authors recommend using this modality as first-line therapy for @entity0 with @entity8 .

title: @entity8 : simultaneous treatment with combined XXXX , @entity5 , @entity11 , and @entity3 chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy is safe and improves survival--results of the German Multicenter Trial.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved the survival of @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The German @entity8 Study Group investigated whether HAART administered concomitantly with @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity11 , and @entity3 ( @entity12 ) chemotherapy compromised the course of immune parameters during and after chemotherapy and exerted a positive effect on remission and survival. METHODS: From 1997 to 2001, 72 @entity0 with @entity8 were stratified prospectively into a standard-risk group (n = 48 @entity0 ) and a high-risk group (n = 24 @entity0 ) with either 0-1 or 2-3 of the following risk factors: @entity4 < 50/microL, prior @entity9 , and/or a World Health Organization performance status > or = 3. @entity0 in the high-risk group received > or =75% of the @entity12 regimen. RESULTS: In the standard-risk group ( @entity4 = 223/muL; age-adjusted International Prognostic Index [aaIPI], 38% > or = 2), the complete remission (CR) rate was 79%, and median survival was not reached after a median 47 months of follow-up. @entity4 counts did not change from baseline to 4 weeks after the end of chemotherapy (206/microL). In the high-risk group ( @entity4 = 34/muL; aaIPI, 88% > or = 2), the CR rate was 29%, and the median survival was 7.2 months (3 @entity0 survived for > 3 yrs). @entity1 was moderate: @entity10 Grade 3 or 4 occurred in 100 of 249 chemotherapy cycles (40%) in the standard-risk group and in 70 of 102 cycles (69%) in the high-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the aaIPI, the survival of @entity0 in the standard-risk group was very similar to that achieved by @entity6 @entity0 who had @entity2 . Concurrent @entity12 plus HAART can be administered in an outpatient setting. Thus, the authors recommend using this modality as first-line therapy for @entity0 with @entity8 .

title: XXXX : simultaneous treatment with combined @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity11 , and @entity3 chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy is safe and improves survival--results of the German Multicenter Trial.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved the survival of @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The German @entity8 Study Group investigated whether HAART administered concomitantly with @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity11 , and @entity3 ( @entity12 ) chemotherapy compromised the course of immune parameters during and after chemotherapy and exerted a positive effect on remission and survival. METHODS: From 1997 to 2001, 72 @entity0 with @entity8 were stratified prospectively into a standard-risk group (n = 48 @entity0 ) and a high-risk group (n = 24 @entity0 ) with either 0-1 or 2-3 of the following risk factors: @entity4 < 50/microL, prior @entity9 , and/or a World Health Organization performance status > or = 3. @entity0 in the high-risk group received > or =75% of the @entity12 regimen. RESULTS: In the standard-risk group ( @entity4 = 223/muL; age-adjusted International Prognostic Index [aaIPI], 38% > or = 2), the complete remission (CR) rate was 79%, and median survival was not reached after a median 47 months of follow-up. @entity4 counts did not change from baseline to 4 weeks after the end of chemotherapy (206/microL). In the high-risk group ( @entity4 = 34/muL; aaIPI, 88% > or = 2), the CR rate was 29%, and the median survival was 7.2 months (3 @entity0 survived for > 3 yrs). @entity1 was moderate: @entity10 Grade 3 or 4 occurred in 100 of 249 chemotherapy cycles (40%) in the standard-risk group and in 70 of 102 cycles (69%) in the high-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the aaIPI, the survival of @entity0 in the standard-risk group was very similar to that achieved by @entity6 @entity0 who had @entity2 . Concurrent @entity12 plus HAART can be administered in an outpatient setting. Thus, the authors recommend using this modality as first-line therapy for @entity0 with @entity8 .

title: @entity8 : simultaneous treatment with combined @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity11 , and XXXX chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy is safe and improves survival--results of the German Multicenter Trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study about @entity3 infections after Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) instrumentation. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the significance of @entity3 -positive deep samples after CD. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The diagnosis of spinal infections to @entity3 after CD is difficult. METHODS: @entity0 with revision surgery and at least 1 @entity3 -positive deep sample, between 2000 and 2006 were included. Group A had 1 revision surgery and group B had 2 successive revision surgeries, with @entity3 -positive deep samples. Group A was divided into 2 subgroups according to the peroperative macroscopic aspect, subgroup A1 with septic tissues, subgroup A2 without septic tissues. The biologic characteristics of the @entity0 and the surgical and medical treatments were assessed. RESULTS: Sixty-eight @entity0 were included, 60 in group A (A1 = 33, A2 = 27) and 8 in group B. Group A: 26 @entity0 had 1 or 2 @entity3 -positive samples and 34 had at least 3 @entity3 -positive samples. Histology showed chronic inflammatory changes. @entity2 value median rate was 42 (A1) and 5 mg/L (A2). Twenty-two @entity0 had a complete implant removal (14 with antibiotics, A1 = 12, A2 = 2). Nine @entity0 had a total implant replacement (7 with antibiotics). Twenty-two @entity0 had a partial implant removal (17 with antibiotics, A1 = 5, A2 = 12). Seven A1 @entity0 had an irrigation and debridement (6 with antibiotics). The evolution was favorable for 28 @entity0 . Seven @entity0 had a documented @entity1 . Group B: during the first revision, 8 @entity0 had a partial implant removal (2 with antibiotics); during the second revision, all patients received antibiotics 4 of whom had a total implant removal. The long-term evolution was favorable for 6 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity3 infection of spinal instrumentation is difficult to diagnose. Results of at least 4 deep sample cultures, histology, and @entity2 values must be compared to the peroperative macroscopic aspect.

title: Significance of XXXX -positive samples in spinal instrumentation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This is an in vitro biomechanical study. OBJECTIVE: The current investigation was performed to evaluate adjacent level kinematic change following unilateral and bilateral facet violation and laminectomy following 1-, 2-, and 3-level reconstruction. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The incidence of superior-segment facet violation with lumbar transpedicular fixation has been reported as high as 35%; however, its contribution to biomechanical instability at the supradjacent level is unknown. In addition, superior-segment laminectomy has been implicated as a risk factor for the development of adjacent level disease. The authors assess the acute biomechanical effects of proximal facet violation and subsequent laminectomy in an instrumented posterior fusion model in 10 cadaveric specimens. METHODS: Biomechanical testing was performed on 10 @entity0 cadaveric spines under @entity1 ( @entity1 ), flexion-extension (FE), and lateral bending (LB) loading. After intact analysis, pedicle screws were inserted from L5-S1 and testing repeated with: (1) preserved L4-L5 facets, (2) unilateral facet breach, (3) bilateral breach, and (4) L5 laminectomy. Following biomechanical analysis, instrumentation was extended to @entity2 and biomechanical testing repeated. Full range of motion (ROM) at the proximal adjacent levels were recorded and normalized to intact (100%). RESULTS: Supradjacent level ROM was increased for all groups under all loading methods relative to intact (P < 0.05). However, @entity1 testing revealed progressive instability at the adjacent level in groups 3 and 4, relative to group 1, following 1-, 2- and 3-level fixation (P < 0.05). During FE, supradjacent level ROM was significantly increased for group 4 specimens compared with group 1 after L5-S1 fixation (P < 0.05), and was greater than all other groups for L3-S1 constructs (P < 0.05). Interestingly, under lateral bending, facet joint destabilization did not change adjacent segment ROM. CONCLUSION: There were significant changes in proximal level ROM immediately after posterior stabilization. However, an additional increase in supradjacent segment ROM was recorded during @entity1 after bilateral facet breach.Subsequent complete laminectomy at the uppermostfixation level further destabilized the supradjacent segment in FE and @entity1 . Therefore, meticulous preservation of the cephalad-most segment facet joints-is paramount to ensure stability.

title: Does superior-segment facet violation or laminectomy destabilize the adjacent level in lumbar transpedicular fixation? An in vitro XXXX cadaveric assessment.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 include @entity1 ranging from benign-appearing cells with widespread @entity5 deposits to @entity2 poorly differentiated signet ring cell @entity3 . Traditionally, these @entity1 are treated with cytoreductive surgery followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. For some @entity0 , cytoreductive surgery is not an option, and minimal published data exist in the management and outcome of these @entity0 . A retrospective analysis was conducted to determine the benefit of modern systemic chemotherapy in @entity0 with disseminated @entity4 who were not considered optimal candidates for cytoreductive surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted using The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center @entity1 registry between January 2000 and July 2005. Response was determined by radiographic response and/or overall clinical benefit. RESULTS: Of 186 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity4 , 54 (29%) @entity0 considered to be suboptimal surgical candidates received > or =2 cycles of systemic chemotherapy. Thirty (55.6%) @entity0 had a disease control rate noted as a complete response, partial response, or stable disease. After a median follow-up of 24 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were determined to be 7.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4-11) and 56 months (95% CI, 36-not applicable), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic chemotherapy has a role in @entity4 @entity0 who are suboptimal candidates for cytoreductive surgery. The intermediate PFS indicates the challenges that exist for @entity4 @entity0 in this setting. Prospective randomized trials including systemic chemotherapy are needed to provide further insight into this malignancy, for which no standard exists.

title: Modern systemic chemotherapy in surgically unresectable XXXX of appendiceal origin: a single-institution experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The diagnosis of a chronic @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is challenging, and no consensus exists regarding how best to define the criteria required for microbiological identification. A general view is that culture of periprosthetic biopsies suffers from inadequate sensitivity. Recently, molecular analyses have been employed in some studies but the specificity of molecular analyses has been questioned, mainly due to contamination issues. In a prospective study of 54 @entity0 undergoing revision surgery due to @entity2 , we focused on two aspects of microbiological diagnosis of chronic @entity1 . First, by collecting diagnostic specimens in a highly standardized manner, we aimed at investigating the adequacy of various specimens by performing quantitative bacteriological culture. Second, we designed and performed real-time 16S rRNA gene PCR analysis with particular emphasis on minimizing the risk of false-positive PCR results. The specimens analysed included synovial fluid, periprosthetic biopsies from the joint capsule and the interface membrane, and specimens from the surface of the explanted prosthesis rendered accessible by scraping and sonication. No antibiotics were given prior to specimen collection. Based on five diagnostic criteria recently suggested, we identified 18 PJIs, all of which fulfilled the criterion of >= 2 positive cultures of periprosthetic specimens. The rate of culture-positive biopsies from the interface membrane was higher compared to specimens from the joint capsule and synovial fluid, and the interface membrane contained a higher bacterial load. Interpretational criteria were applied to differentiate a true-positive PCR from potential bacterial DNA contamination derived from the reagents used for DNA extraction and amplification. The strategy to minimize the risk of false-positive PCR results was successful as only two PCR results were false-positive out of 216 negative periprosthetic specimens. Although the PCR assays themselves were very sensitive, three @entity0 with low bacterial numbers in periprosthetic specimens tested negative by real-time PCR. This overall lowered sensitivity is most likely due to the reduced specimen volume used for PCR analysis compared to culture and may also be due to interference from @entity0 DNA present in tissue specimens. According to the protocol in the present study, 16S rRNA gene real-time PCR did not identify more cases of septic prosthetic loosening than did culture of adequate periprosthetic biopsies.

title: A comprehensive microbiological evaluation of fifty-four @entity0 undergoing revision surgery due to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The diagnosis of a chronic @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is challenging, and no consensus exists regarding how best to define the criteria required for microbiological identification. A general view is that culture of periprosthetic biopsies suffers from inadequate sensitivity. Recently, molecular analyses have been employed in some studies but the specificity of molecular analyses has been questioned, mainly due to contamination issues. In a prospective study of 54 @entity0 undergoing revision surgery due to @entity2 , we focused on two aspects of microbiological diagnosis of chronic @entity1 . First, by collecting diagnostic specimens in a highly standardized manner, we aimed at investigating the adequacy of various specimens by performing quantitative bacteriological culture. Second, we designed and performed real-time 16S rRNA gene PCR analysis with particular emphasis on minimizing the risk of false-positive PCR results. The specimens analysed included synovial fluid, periprosthetic biopsies from the joint capsule and the interface membrane, and specimens from the surface of the explanted prosthesis rendered accessible by scraping and sonication. No antibiotics were given prior to specimen collection. Based on five diagnostic criteria recently suggested, we identified 18 PJIs, all of which fulfilled the criterion of >= 2 positive cultures of periprosthetic specimens. The rate of culture-positive biopsies from the interface membrane was higher compared to specimens from the joint capsule and synovial fluid, and the interface membrane contained a higher bacterial load. Interpretational criteria were applied to differentiate a true-positive PCR from potential bacterial DNA contamination derived from the reagents used for DNA extraction and amplification. The strategy to minimize the risk of false-positive PCR results was successful as only two PCR results were false-positive out of 216 negative periprosthetic specimens. Although the PCR assays themselves were very sensitive, three @entity0 with low bacterial numbers in periprosthetic specimens tested negative by real-time PCR. This overall lowered sensitivity is most likely due to the reduced specimen volume used for PCR analysis compared to culture and may also be due to interference from @entity0 DNA present in tissue specimens. According to the protocol in the present study, 16S rRNA gene real-time PCR did not identify more cases of septic prosthetic loosening than did culture of adequate periprosthetic biopsies.

title: A comprehensive microbiological evaluation of fifty-four XXXX undergoing revision surgery due to @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The directionality of hair cell stimulation combined with the vibration of the basilar membrane causes the auditory nerve fiber action potentials, in response to low-frequency stimuli, to occur at a particular phase of the stimulus waveform. Because direct mechanical measurements at the cochlear apex are difficult, such phase locking has often been used to indirectly infer the basilar membrane motion. Here, we confirm and extend earlier data from mammals using sine wave stimulation over a wide range of sound levels (up to 90 dB sound pressure level). We recorded phase-locked responses to pure tones over a wide range of frequencies and sound levels of a large population of auditory nerve fibers in the anesthetized @entity0 . The results indicate that, for a constant frequency of stimulation, the phase lag decreases with increases in the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of the nerve fiber. The phase lag decreases up to a @entity1 above the stimulation frequency, beyond which it decreases at a much slower rate. Such phase changes are consistent with known basal cochlear mechanics. Measurements from individual fibers showed smaller but systematic variations in phase with sound level, confirming previous reports. We found a "null" stimulation frequency at which little variation in phase occurred with sound level. This null frequency was often not at the @entity1 . At stimulation frequencies below the null, there was a progressive lag with sound level and a progressive lead for stimulation frequencies above the null. This was maximally 0.2 cycles.

title: Variation in the phase of response to low-frequency pure tones in the XXXX auditory nerve as functions of stimulus level and frequency.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a third-generation cephalosporin almost entirely eliminated by glomerular filtration and dose reductions are essential in @entity0 with @entity1 . The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of @entity4 make it susceptible to be eliminated by continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT), but there is little clinical information to guide the correct administration in @entity0 undergoing these techniques. METHODS: In vitro procedures were carried out in three different fluids, using @entity5 or @entity3 membranes. Four @entity0 entered the in vivo study. Two @entity0 received 1,000 mg every 6 h and the other two 2,000 mg every 6 h. Concentrations of @entity4 were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: No differences were detected in thesieving coefficients (Sc) or saturation coefficients (Sa)between membranes during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) or continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHD). Sc-Sa values were close to 1 when Ringer's @entity2 was used as @entity4 vehicle, but were lower in plasma samples (p < 0.05). In @entity0 , the Sc-Sa was 0.93 +/- 0.06 and correlated well with the unbound fraction (0.86 +/- 0.08). The contribution of CRRT to @entity4 clearance was higher in anuric @entity0 than in nonanuric @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: No differences were shown in vitro in the Sc obtained with both membranes during CVVH or the Sa obtained during CVVHD. The contribution of clearance by CRRT to total clearance is clearly dependent on the renal function. The administration of @entity4 every 6 h could be associated with unnecessarily high trough levels which increase the risk of drug nephrotoxicity. Nonanuric @entity0 undergoing CRRT need higher @entity4 doses to reach adequate plasma concentrations against pathogens isolated in the critically ill.

title: In vitro XXXX and @entity3 membrane permeability to @entity4 and in vivo pharmacokinetics during continuous renal replacement therapies.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a third-generation cephalosporin almost entirely eliminated by glomerular filtration and dose reductions are essential in @entity0 with @entity1 . The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of @entity4 make it susceptible to be eliminated by continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT), but there is little clinical information to guide the correct administration in @entity0 undergoing these techniques. METHODS: In vitro procedures were carried out in three different fluids, using @entity5 or @entity3 membranes. Four @entity0 entered the in vivo study. Two @entity0 received 1,000 mg every 6 h and the other two 2,000 mg every 6 h. Concentrations of @entity4 were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: No differences were detected in thesieving coefficients (Sc) or saturation coefficients (Sa)between membranes during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) or continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHD). Sc-Sa values were close to 1 when Ringer's @entity2 was used as @entity4 vehicle, but were lower in plasma samples (p < 0.05). In @entity0 , the Sc-Sa was 0.93 +/- 0.06 and correlated well with the unbound fraction (0.86 +/- 0.08). The contribution of CRRT to @entity4 clearance was higher in anuric @entity0 than in nonanuric @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: No differences were shown in vitro in the Sc obtained with both membranes during CVVH or the Sa obtained during CVVHD. The contribution of clearance by CRRT to total clearance is clearly dependent on the renal function. The administration of @entity4 every 6 h could be associated with unnecessarily high trough levels which increase the risk of drug nephrotoxicity. Nonanuric @entity0 undergoing CRRT need higher @entity4 doses to reach adequate plasma concentrations against pathogens isolated in the critically ill.

title: In vitro @entity5 and XXXX membrane permeability to @entity4 and in vivo pharmacokinetics during continuous renal replacement therapies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a third-generation cephalosporin almost entirely eliminated by glomerular filtration and dose reductions are essential in @entity0 with @entity1 . The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of @entity4 make it susceptible to be eliminated by continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT), but there is little clinical information to guide the correct administration in @entity0 undergoing these techniques. METHODS: In vitro procedures were carried out in three different fluids, using @entity5 or @entity3 membranes. Four @entity0 entered the in vivo study. Two @entity0 received 1,000 mg every 6 h and the other two 2,000 mg every 6 h. Concentrations of @entity4 were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: No differences were detected in thesieving coefficients (Sc) or saturation coefficients (Sa)between membranes during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) or continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHD). Sc-Sa values were close to 1 when Ringer's @entity2 was used as @entity4 vehicle, but were lower in plasma samples (p < 0.05). In @entity0 , the Sc-Sa was 0.93 +/- 0.06 and correlated well with the unbound fraction (0.86 +/- 0.08). The contribution of CRRT to @entity4 clearance was higher in anuric @entity0 than in nonanuric @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: No differences were shown in vitro in the Sc obtained with both membranes during CVVH or the Sa obtained during CVVHD. The contribution of clearance by CRRT to total clearance is clearly dependent on the renal function. The administration of @entity4 every 6 h could be associated with unnecessarily high trough levels which increase the risk of drug nephrotoxicity. Nonanuric @entity0 undergoing CRRT need higher @entity4 doses to reach adequate plasma concentrations against pathogens isolated in the critically ill.

title: In vitro @entity5 and @entity3 membrane permeability to XXXX and in vivo pharmacokinetics during continuous renal replacement therapies.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to assess the use of devices and caregiving among individuals with @entity1 and to evaluate the impact of visual acuity on use. METHODS: Data were collected using a questionnaire that included items on demographic and clinical characteristics and on the use of services, assistive devices, and caregiving. The study was approved by an institutional review board. Two ophthalmologists identified and invited @entity0 with @entity1 and provided best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). @entity0 provided informed consent. De-identified data were analysed in SAS(R). RESULTS: Of the 806 respondents, 55% were @entity0 ; mean age was 65 years. Respondents were classified into five categories based on BCVA. Few respondents used services such as transportation and counseling, but there was wide use of assistive devices. More than 20% of respondents used a cane, a hand-held magnifier, and/or special glasses. The mean number of devices used increased significantly as BCVA deteriorated, as did hours of caregiving. Annual costs for services, devices, and caregiving increased as BCVA deteriorated. CONCLUSIONS: There are substantial differences in the use and costs of assistive devices and caregiving among individuals with @entity1 with varying BCVA.

title: Impact of visual impairment on service and device use by individuals with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The incidence of @entity2 in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) differs according to geographical regions in Spain. We analyse 1,271 consecutive @entity0 diagnosed of @entity3 between 1995 and 2002 in three different regions of Spain: northern, central and southern. There were 624 males (55%) and 505 females (45%). Age ranged between 1 month and 94 years with a median of 61 years. Abnormal karyotypes were observed in 64% of cases. @entity1 as sole cytogenetic changes were detected in 15% of @entity0 , while structural aberrations were present in 28% of cases, and both abnormalities were found in 22% of @entity0 . A significantly higher proportion of t(15;17) was observed in the south of Spain (21.6%) than in the central (17%) or northern regions (12.6%) (p=0.03). By contrast, @entity0 from the south of Spain showed lower incidence of t(8;21) (0%, compared to 1.6% and 3.6% in central and northern areas, respectively, p=0.04). These differences were maintained in the age-adjusted analysis. Trisomy 8 showed similar incidence in southern and central areas, while the incidence in the northern area was lower (14% and 10%, respectively, p=0.04). Other @entity2 , such as inv(16) or 11q23 rearrangements, were found at similar frequencies in the three regions.

title: Geographic differences in the incidence of @entity2 of @entity3 ( XXXX ) in Spain.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The incidence of @entity2 in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) differs according to geographical regions in Spain. We analyse 1,271 consecutive @entity0 diagnosed of @entity3 between 1995 and 2002 in three different regions of Spain: northern, central and southern. There were 624 males (55%) and 505 females (45%). Age ranged between 1 month and 94 years with a median of 61 years. Abnormal karyotypes were observed in 64% of cases. @entity1 as sole cytogenetic changes were detected in 15% of @entity0 , while structural aberrations were present in 28% of cases, and both abnormalities were found in 22% of @entity0 . A significantly higher proportion of t(15;17) was observed in the south of Spain (21.6%) than in the central (17%) or northern regions (12.6%) (p=0.03). By contrast, @entity0 from the south of Spain showed lower incidence of t(8;21) (0%, compared to 1.6% and 3.6% in central and northern areas, respectively, p=0.04). These differences were maintained in the age-adjusted analysis. Trisomy 8 showed similar incidence in southern and central areas, while the incidence in the northern area was lower (14% and 10%, respectively, p=0.04). Other @entity2 , such as inv(16) or 11q23 rearrangements, were found at similar frequencies in the three regions.

title: Geographic differences in the incidence of @entity2 of XXXX ( @entity3 ) in Spain.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The incidence of @entity2 in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) differs according to geographical regions in Spain. We analyse 1,271 consecutive @entity0 diagnosed of @entity3 between 1995 and 2002 in three different regions of Spain: northern, central and southern. There were 624 males (55%) and 505 females (45%). Age ranged between 1 month and 94 years with a median of 61 years. Abnormal karyotypes were observed in 64% of cases. @entity1 as sole cytogenetic changes were detected in 15% of @entity0 , while structural aberrations were present in 28% of cases, and both abnormalities were found in 22% of @entity0 . A significantly higher proportion of t(15;17) was observed in the south of Spain (21.6%) than in the central (17%) or northern regions (12.6%) (p=0.03). By contrast, @entity0 from the south of Spain showed lower incidence of t(8;21) (0%, compared to 1.6% and 3.6% in central and northern areas, respectively, p=0.04). These differences were maintained in the age-adjusted analysis. Trisomy 8 showed similar incidence in southern and central areas, while the incidence in the northern area was lower (14% and 10%, respectively, p=0.04). Other @entity2 , such as inv(16) or 11q23 rearrangements, were found at similar frequencies in the three regions.

title: Geographic differences in the incidence of XXXX of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in Spain.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) diseased seeds provide at seedling, @entity2 plants which are the only source of primary inoculum. @entity1 are bequeathed by aphids. The objective of this research is to study the development of the secondary @entity0 in field. Therefore, eight @entity3 varieties with different seed contamination rate (0, 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 5%) were used over consecutive four years. The infected plants were recorded every week from the tenth day after sowing and over seven weeks. In the same way, aphids' population were evaluated in plots 30 days after sowing. There was no difference for the incidence rate between the average of plots sown with virus free-seeds and those sown with infected seeds with a rate of 0, 5%. In any case, the disease progressed lowly leading to incidences less than 50% at the post-flowering period in spite of a relatively high initial contamination rate of seed. For this group of varieties, the low progression of the disease indicated a high level of resistance to the @entity0 . The high levels of @entity0 especially observed with the varieties with high level of virus transmission to seed, translated the need to reduce aphids' population density notably by the use of insecticides during @entity3 growing cycle. The high number of aphids and inoculum availability in the neighbouring plots were undoubtedly at the source of this result. This situation laid out the problematic of the use of seeds then little or not contaminated by the virus.

title: Effect of XXXX seeds contamination rate by the @entity4 on epidemics development.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) diseased seeds provide at seedling, @entity2 plants which are the only source of primary inoculum. @entity1 are bequeathed by aphids. The objective of this research is to study the development of the secondary @entity0 in field. Therefore, eight @entity3 varieties with different seed contamination rate (0, 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 5%) were used over consecutive four years. The infected plants were recorded every week from the tenth day after sowing and over seven weeks. In the same way, aphids' population were evaluated in plots 30 days after sowing. There was no difference for the incidence rate between the average of plots sown with virus free-seeds and those sown with infected seeds with a rate of 0, 5%. In any case, the disease progressed lowly leading to incidences less than 50% at the post-flowering period in spite of a relatively high initial contamination rate of seed. For this group of varieties, the low progression of the disease indicated a high level of resistance to the @entity0 . The high levels of @entity0 especially observed with the varieties with high level of virus transmission to seed, translated the need to reduce aphids' population density notably by the use of insecticides during @entity3 growing cycle. The high number of aphids and inoculum availability in the neighbouring plots were undoubtedly at the source of this result. This situation laid out the problematic of the use of seeds then little or not contaminated by the virus.

title: Effect of @entity3 seeds contamination rate by the XXXX on epidemics development.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In @entity0 , @entity7 (BAL) and the neurotransmitter @entity8 ( @entity2 ) are transaminated by a single aminotransferase enzyme. Apparently, @entity1 originally also had a single enzyme, but the corresponding gene was duplicated in the @entity10 lineage. SkUGA1 encodes a homologue of @entity1 @entity2 aminotransferase, and SkPYD4 encodes an enzyme involved in both BAL and @entity2 transamination. SkPYD4 and SkUGA1 as well as @entity1 @entity11 and @entity6 @entity11 were subcloned, over-expressed and purified. One discontinuous and two continuous coupled assays were used to characterize the substrate specificity and kinetic parameters of the four enzymes. It was found that the cofactor @entity5 is needed for enzymatic activity and @entity9 , and not @entity4 , as the @entity3 group acceptor. SkPyd4p preferentially uses BAL as the @entity3 group donor (V(max)/K(m)=0.78 U x mg(-1) x mm(-1)), but can also use @entity2 (V(max)/K(m)=0.42 U x mg(-1) x mm(-1)), while SkUga1p only uses @entity2 (V(max)/K(m)=4.01 U x mg(-1) x mm(-1)). SpUga1p and ScUga1p transaminate only @entity2 and not BAL. While mammals degrade BAL and @entity2 with only one enzyme, but in different tissues, @entity10 and related @entity1 have two different genes/enzymes to apparently 'distinguish' between the two reactions in a single cell. It is likely that upon duplication approximately 200 million years ago, a specialized @entity11 evolved into a 'novel' transaminase enzyme with broader substrate specificity.

title: A gene duplication led to specialized XXXX and @entity7 aminotransferase in @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: In @entity0 , @entity7 (BAL) and the neurotransmitter @entity8 ( @entity2 ) are transaminated by a single aminotransferase enzyme. Apparently, @entity1 originally also had a single enzyme, but the corresponding gene was duplicated in the @entity10 lineage. SkUGA1 encodes a homologue of @entity1 @entity2 aminotransferase, and SkPYD4 encodes an enzyme involved in both BAL and @entity2 transamination. SkPYD4 and SkUGA1 as well as @entity1 @entity11 and @entity6 @entity11 were subcloned, over-expressed and purified. One discontinuous and two continuous coupled assays were used to characterize the substrate specificity and kinetic parameters of the four enzymes. It was found that the cofactor @entity5 is needed for enzymatic activity and @entity9 , and not @entity4 , as the @entity3 group acceptor. SkPyd4p preferentially uses BAL as the @entity3 group donor (V(max)/K(m)=0.78 U x mg(-1) x mm(-1)), but can also use @entity2 (V(max)/K(m)=0.42 U x mg(-1) x mm(-1)), while SkUga1p only uses @entity2 (V(max)/K(m)=4.01 U x mg(-1) x mm(-1)). SpUga1p and ScUga1p transaminate only @entity2 and not BAL. While mammals degrade BAL and @entity2 with only one enzyme, but in different tissues, @entity10 and related @entity1 have two different genes/enzymes to apparently 'distinguish' between the two reactions in a single cell. It is likely that upon duplication approximately 200 million years ago, a specialized @entity11 evolved into a 'novel' transaminase enzyme with broader substrate specificity.

title: A gene duplication led to specialized @entity8 and XXXX aminotransferase in @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: In @entity0 , @entity7 (BAL) and the neurotransmitter @entity8 ( @entity2 ) are transaminated by a single aminotransferase enzyme. Apparently, @entity1 originally also had a single enzyme, but the corresponding gene was duplicated in the @entity10 lineage. SkUGA1 encodes a homologue of @entity1 @entity2 aminotransferase, and SkPYD4 encodes an enzyme involved in both BAL and @entity2 transamination. SkPYD4 and SkUGA1 as well as @entity1 @entity11 and @entity6 @entity11 were subcloned, over-expressed and purified. One discontinuous and two continuous coupled assays were used to characterize the substrate specificity and kinetic parameters of the four enzymes. It was found that the cofactor @entity5 is needed for enzymatic activity and @entity9 , and not @entity4 , as the @entity3 group acceptor. SkPyd4p preferentially uses BAL as the @entity3 group donor (V(max)/K(m)=0.78 U x mg(-1) x mm(-1)), but can also use @entity2 (V(max)/K(m)=0.42 U x mg(-1) x mm(-1)), while SkUga1p only uses @entity2 (V(max)/K(m)=4.01 U x mg(-1) x mm(-1)). SpUga1p and ScUga1p transaminate only @entity2 and not BAL. While mammals degrade BAL and @entity2 with only one enzyme, but in different tissues, @entity10 and related @entity1 have two different genes/enzymes to apparently 'distinguish' between the two reactions in a single cell. It is likely that upon duplication approximately 200 million years ago, a specialized @entity11 evolved into a 'novel' transaminase enzyme with broader substrate specificity.

title: A gene duplication led to specialized @entity8 and @entity7 aminotransferase in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The Authors report on a rare case of @entity2 complicated by a sigmoid- vaginal fistula with personal considerations based on a review of literature. A 75 year old @entity0 becomes to our observation suffering the lost of smelly vaginal secretions without @entity3 or abdominalgia. In anamnesis hysterectomy cholecystectomy appendectomy and visceral adhesions lysis. Colonoscopy RX barium enema, gynaecological examination, vaginal buffer show diverticulis of colon sigma with @entity10 . After laparotomy, visceral adhesions lysis, it was done sigmoid- vaginal fistula resection with healing. @entity2 is a XX century pathology with incidence (for some authors) of 50% of population. Symptomatic forms affect 30-50% of @entity0 (variable percentage based on age); the 1% of these need surgery. The @entity7 is the principal cause of @entity2 that recognize the main localization in colon-sigma. @entity8 with pericolic @entity1 are frequent complications; possible evolutions are local tamponed @entity4 , mechanical intestinal occlusion, @entity5 from @entity6 . @entity10 is the most frequent in @entity0 previously treated with laparohysterectomy. The colonoscopy and RX barium enema are gold standard for instrumental diagnosis; the vaginography is diriment, urography excludes @entity9 . The surgical treatment is the fistula resection, with or without colonic resection. In consideration of the necessity of conservative surgery and on the basis of this case, the authors suggest, if it's possible, the simple fistula resection, although the literature report an high number of relapses.

title: [Surgical complications of the XXXX . A rare case of @entity10 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The Authors report on a rare case of @entity2 complicated by a sigmoid- vaginal fistula with personal considerations based on a review of literature. A 75 year old @entity0 becomes to our observation suffering the lost of smelly vaginal secretions without @entity3 or abdominalgia. In anamnesis hysterectomy cholecystectomy appendectomy and visceral adhesions lysis. Colonoscopy RX barium enema, gynaecological examination, vaginal buffer show diverticulis of colon sigma with @entity10 . After laparotomy, visceral adhesions lysis, it was done sigmoid- vaginal fistula resection with healing. @entity2 is a XX century pathology with incidence (for some authors) of 50% of population. Symptomatic forms affect 30-50% of @entity0 (variable percentage based on age); the 1% of these need surgery. The @entity7 is the principal cause of @entity2 that recognize the main localization in colon-sigma. @entity8 with pericolic @entity1 are frequent complications; possible evolutions are local tamponed @entity4 , mechanical intestinal occlusion, @entity5 from @entity6 . @entity10 is the most frequent in @entity0 previously treated with laparohysterectomy. The colonoscopy and RX barium enema are gold standard for instrumental diagnosis; the vaginography is diriment, urography excludes @entity9 . The surgical treatment is the fistula resection, with or without colonic resection. In consideration of the necessity of conservative surgery and on the basis of this case, the authors suggest, if it's possible, the simple fistula resection, although the literature report an high number of relapses.

title: [Surgical complications of the @entity2 . A rare case of XXXX ].

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Chronic @entity2 may alter a @entity0 's social life and well-being. Measures of health-related quality of life have been proven to bring complementary information to functional assessments. The aim of the study was to describe the questionnaires that are most frequently used to measure this subjective construct in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and to compare the responses obtained via administering one generic (SF-36) and one disease-specific questionnaire (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire; SGRQ) to @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: One group of @entity0 (46 individuals) was used to evaluate the questionnaire's performance in repeated administrations under unchanged conditions (reproducibility) and to study the correlations of corresponding domains of respective questionnaires. Responsiveness of both questionnaires was tested on another group of 129 @entity0 measured before and after the therapeutic stay at the @entity3 . Methods of correlational analysis (Spearman, intraclass, and canonical correlation coefficients) as well as the Wilcoxon rank test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Both questionnaires seem to be comprehensive outcome measures for @entity0 with @entity1 , but some particular areas may not be covered with the same intensity (e.g. emotional problems). Reproducibility of both questionnaires was good and only small non-significant shifts were seen, particularly in physical and social functioning domains. In repeated measurement, the SGRQ seemed to be slightly more responsive to change than the SF-36. CONCLUSIONS: The idea of using generic and disease-specific questionnaires together probably represents the best approach to this topic. It may improve our knowledge and explain better the relationship between disease-specific changes in @entity0 status and both disease-specific treatment and general functional status.

title: Generic versus disease-specific instruments in quality-of-life assessment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 is known for its dismal prognosis and poor response to conventional treatment. Chemotherapy with @entity3 -antifolate combinations recently showed promising response rates and prolonged survival in randomised trials. To assess the impact of this development on clinical practice and survival at a population-based level, treatment patterns and survival trends were studied for @entity0 diagnosed with @entity4 in the period 1995-2006. 4,731 records were retrieved from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and chemotherapy use and median survival were analysed. For the periods 1995-1998 to 2005-2006, chemotherapy use increased from 8% to 36%. Median survival increased over time from 7.1 months to 9.2 months. For @entity4 , multivariable analysis demonstrated that survival was poorer for elderly @entity0 and @entity1 . The prognostic impact of chemotherapy increased with time. Median survival for chemotherapy treated @entity0 improved from 10.1 months (1995-1998) to 13.1 months (2005-2006). For @entity2 , median survival was poor (3.9 months) but better for females and younger @entity0 . This study demonstrates that chemotherapy use increased at a national level and coincided with an improvement in survival. The novel chemotherapy regimen appears to be more effective but, due to the observational nature of this study, alternative explanations cannot be excluded.

title: Population-based survival for malignant XXXX after introduction of novel chemotherapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Malignant @entity1 carries a poor prognosis, as the disease is often unresectable at the time of diagnosis. Various palliative measures as surgical/radiological/ endoscopic drainage with or without radiotherapy/chemotherapy have been tried with dismal outcome. We prospectively studied the effect of unilateral metal stent with intraluminal @entity3 ( @entity3 ) brachytherapy in @entity0 with type II malignant @entity1 . METHODS: Eight @entity0 with type II malignant @entity1 were treated with contrast-free unilateral metal stenting followed by endoscopic intraluminal brachytherapy (ILBT). A retrospectively analyzed group of 10 @entity0 treated only with contrast-free unilateral metal stenting served as historical controls. RESULTS: A successful drainage was achieved in all, @entity2 occurred in none and no @entity0 died within 30 days in both groups. The mean (+/-SD) patency of metal stent was 305 (+/-183.96) days and 143.9(+/-115.11) days in @entity0 with and without intraluminal brachytherapy, respectively (P=0.03). Mean (+/-SD) survival of these @entity0 was 310 (+/-192.68) days and 154.9 (+/-122.51) days in @entity0 with and without intraluminal brachytherapy, respectively (P=0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed estimated median survival of 225 (95% CI; 169.5, 280.4) days in brachytherapy and 100 (95%CI; 94.1, 105.8) days in control group (P=0.025). No major complications related to metal stent or ILBT were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-free unilateral metal stenting with @entity3 ILBT in type II malignant @entity1 is a safe and effective method of palliation and appears to prolong @entity0 survival as well as patency of stent in these @entity0 , however, a larger, randomized trial is required to validate the same.

title: Endoscopic intraluminal brachytherapy and metal stent in malignant XXXX : a pilot study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3 complex (BCC) is a versatile group of Gram negative organisms that can be found throughout the environment in sources such as soil, water, and plants. While BCC bacteria can be involved in beneficial interactions with plants, they are also considered opportunistic pathogens, specifically in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity1 . These organisms also exhibit resistance to many antibiotics, making conventional treatment often unsuccessful. KS10 was isolated as a prophage of @entity4 K56-2, a clinically relevant strain of the BCC. Our objective was to sequence the genome of this phage and also determine if this prophage encoded any virulence determinants. RESULTS: KS10 is a 37,635 base pairs (bp) transposable phage of the opportunistic pathogen @entity4 . Genome sequence analysis and annotation of this phage reveals that KS10 shows the closest sequence homology to Mu and BcepMu. KS10 was found to be a prophage in three different strains of @entity4 , including strains K56-2, J2315, and C5424, and seven tested clinical isolates of @entity4 , but no other BCC species. A survey of 23 strains and 20 clinical isolates of the BCC revealed that KS10 is able to form plaques on lawns of @entity5 LMG 19467, @entity4 PC184, and B. stabilis LMG 18870. CONCLUSION: KS10 is a novel phage with a genomic organization that differs from most phages in that its capsid genes are not aligned into one module but rather separated by approximately 11 kb, giving evidence of one or more prior genetic rearrangements. There were no potential virulence factors identified in KS10, though many hypothetical proteins were identified with no known function.

title: Genomic sequence and activity of KS10, a transposable phage of the XXXX complex.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Endovascular coiling has become a powerful alternative to neurosurgical clipping of @entity1 . Apart from the @entity6 (Boston Scientific, Galway, Ireland), there is limited published data about the newer generation of detachable @entity3 coils, e.g., TruFill (Cordis, Johnson and Johnson, Miami, Fl.). We report our initial clinical experience with the embolization of @entity2 by TruFill coils. Included in this retrospective study were 26 @entity0 (age 55.4+/-14.5 years; 9 male, 17 female) with 28 @entity2 , 21 ruptured and 7 unruptured. All @entity0 were treated exclusively by embolization with TruFill @entity3 coils. Immediate angiographic and 6-month angiographic follow-up results were documented. Acute clinical outcome was recorded. Of the 28 @entity2 , 16 (57%) were completely occluded by TruFill embolization, 11 (39%) were @entity5 with residual necks, and 1 (4%) was partially occluded as @entity2 . There were no @entity4 during the procedures. Follow-up at 6 months after the procedure was available in 18 @entity0 and 19 @entity2 . Of the 19 @entity2 , 2 of 12 initially completely occluded @entity2 (17%) and 1 of 7 @entity2 with initial residual necks (14%) showed recanalization at the 6-month follow-up. One recanalized @entity2 was subsequently recoiled with consequent residual neck and remained unchanged at the 1-year follow-up. Embolization by TruFill @entity3 coils has a comparable total @entity2 rate to that with @entity6 . The mid-term reintervention rate is low, and will require verification by future long-term studies.

title: Single-center experience with TruFill @entity3 coils for the embolization of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Endovascular coiling has become a powerful alternative to neurosurgical clipping of @entity1 . Apart from the @entity6 (Boston Scientific, Galway, Ireland), there is limited published data about the newer generation of detachable @entity3 coils, e.g., TruFill (Cordis, Johnson and Johnson, Miami, Fl.). We report our initial clinical experience with the embolization of @entity2 by TruFill coils. Included in this retrospective study were 26 @entity0 (age 55.4+/-14.5 years; 9 male, 17 female) with 28 @entity2 , 21 ruptured and 7 unruptured. All @entity0 were treated exclusively by embolization with TruFill @entity3 coils. Immediate angiographic and 6-month angiographic follow-up results were documented. Acute clinical outcome was recorded. Of the 28 @entity2 , 16 (57%) were completely occluded by TruFill embolization, 11 (39%) were @entity5 with residual necks, and 1 (4%) was partially occluded as @entity2 . There were no @entity4 during the procedures. Follow-up at 6 months after the procedure was available in 18 @entity0 and 19 @entity2 . Of the 19 @entity2 , 2 of 12 initially completely occluded @entity2 (17%) and 1 of 7 @entity2 with initial residual necks (14%) showed recanalization at the 6-month follow-up. One recanalized @entity2 was subsequently recoiled with consequent residual neck and remained unchanged at the 1-year follow-up. Embolization by TruFill @entity3 coils has a comparable total @entity2 rate to that with @entity6 . The mid-term reintervention rate is low, and will require verification by future long-term studies.

title: Single-center experience with TruFill XXXX coils for the embolization of @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: One important mechanism by which @entity0 cells parasitize their host is by escaping apoptosis. Thus, selectively facilitating apoptosis is a therapeutic mechanism by which oncotherapy may prove highly advantageous. One major apoptotic pathway is mediated by @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The death-inducing signaling Ccmplex (DISC) and subsequent death-domain aggregations are created when @entity1 is bound by its receptor thereby enabling programmed cell death. Conceptually, if a better understanding of the Fas pathway can be garnered, an oncoselective prodeath therapeutic approach can be tailored. Herein, we propose that EGF and @entity3 play essential roles in the regulation of the Fas apoptotic pathway in @entity2 . @entity0 and in vitro data suggest viable cells counter the prodeath signal induced by @entity1 by activating EGF, which in turn induces prosurvival @entity3 . The prosurvival attributes of @entity3 ultimately predominate over the death-inducing @entity1 . Cells destined for elimination inhibit this prosurvival response via a presently undefined pathway. This scenario represents a novel role for EGF and @entity3 as regulators of the Fas pathway in @entity2 .

title: Potential for modulation of the fas apoptotic pathway by epidermal growth factor in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of stromal cell derived factor 1( @entity6 )/ @entity4 and their association with clinicopathologic features and lymph node @entity1 in invasive @entity0 . METHODS: The expression of @entity6 was studied by immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization. Immunohistochemical study for @entity4 was also performed. The correlation with various clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: (1) @entity6 was mainly expressed in @entity2 cells and the level of its expression (both membranous and cytoplasmic) in lymph node-positive group was higher than that in lymph node-negative group (P = 0.033). Only cytoplasmic expression correlated with the number of positive lymph node involved by @entity1 , TNM @entity2 stage, histologic grade, @entity2 dimension and @entity3 receptor status (P < 0.05). (2) @entity6 protein was also detected in the endothelial cells, although its mRNA was rarely detected. @entity6 staining in lymphatics was associated with positive lymph node (P = 0.005) and @entity6 staining in blood vessels correlated with stromal lymphocytic reaction (P = 0.001). The extent of nodal involvement was higher in the group with positive @entity6 staining in blood vessels and with prominent lymphocytic reaction than that in other groups with one or neither of the two features (P < 0.05). (3) On the other hand, @entity4 was mainly expressed in @entity2 cells (both nuclear and cytoplasmic); and the level of its expression in lymph node-positive group was higher than that in lymph node-negative group (P = 0.005). Only cytoplasmic expression correlated with the number of positive lymph node involved by @entity1 , TNM @entity2 stage, histologic grade, @entity2 dimension and @entity7 status (P < 0.05). The nuclear expression of @entity4 was only correlated with @entity5 receptor status (P < 0.01). The cytoplasmic expression @entity4 also positively correlated with @entity6 expression (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 and @entity4 can serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of lymph node @entity1 , as well as potential therapeutic targets in invasive @entity0 . The difference in localization and staining patterns may also carry different significance.

title: [Significance of expression of stromal cell derived factor 1 and XXXX in invasive @entity0 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of stromal cell derived factor 1( @entity6 )/ @entity4 and their association with clinicopathologic features and lymph node @entity1 in invasive @entity0 . METHODS: The expression of @entity6 was studied by immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization. Immunohistochemical study for @entity4 was also performed. The correlation with various clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: (1) @entity6 was mainly expressed in @entity2 cells and the level of its expression (both membranous and cytoplasmic) in lymph node-positive group was higher than that in lymph node-negative group (P = 0.033). Only cytoplasmic expression correlated with the number of positive lymph node involved by @entity1 , TNM @entity2 stage, histologic grade, @entity2 dimension and @entity3 receptor status (P < 0.05). (2) @entity6 protein was also detected in the endothelial cells, although its mRNA was rarely detected. @entity6 staining in lymphatics was associated with positive lymph node (P = 0.005) and @entity6 staining in blood vessels correlated with stromal lymphocytic reaction (P = 0.001). The extent of nodal involvement was higher in the group with positive @entity6 staining in blood vessels and with prominent lymphocytic reaction than that in other groups with one or neither of the two features (P < 0.05). (3) On the other hand, @entity4 was mainly expressed in @entity2 cells (both nuclear and cytoplasmic); and the level of its expression in lymph node-positive group was higher than that in lymph node-negative group (P = 0.005). Only cytoplasmic expression correlated with the number of positive lymph node involved by @entity1 , TNM @entity2 stage, histologic grade, @entity2 dimension and @entity7 status (P < 0.05). The nuclear expression of @entity4 was only correlated with @entity5 receptor status (P < 0.01). The cytoplasmic expression @entity4 also positively correlated with @entity6 expression (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 and @entity4 can serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of lymph node @entity1 , as well as potential therapeutic targets in invasive @entity0 . The difference in localization and staining patterns may also carry different significance.

title: [Significance of expression of stromal cell derived factor 1 and @entity4 in invasive XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features and diagnosis of @entity10 ( @entity10 ) of the pancreas. METHODS: Nineteen cases of @entity10 encountered during the period from 1999 to 2007 were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity10 occurred more often in males (68%). It affected @entity0 in older age group (mean age = 59) and was located mainly in the head of pancreas (60%). The mean @entity1 size was 4.2 cm (range = 1 to 8 cm). The clinical presentation was @entity3 (53%), @entity4 (32%), @entity2 (21%), @entity5 (21%) and @entity8 (10%). Pancreatectomy was performed in 18 cases. The remaining @entity0 received bypass surgery only. Features of in-situ or invasive @entity1 were present in 15 of the 19 cases (78%). Histologically, the @entity1 consisted of papillary proliferations protruding into and expanding the pancreatic ducts. Invasion into the surrounding pancreatic parenchyma was noted in 12 cases and chronic @entity5 was present in 16 cases. Follow-up data (4 to 48 months) were available in 13 @entity0 . Apart from 1 @entity0 who died of other disease, all were still alive. Immunohistochemical study showed that @entity6 was positive in 6 cases, @entity7 in 5 cases and fascin in 8 cases. The expression of @entity9 was all negative. Ki-67 index ranged from 1% to 80% (mean = 38%). CONCLUSIONS: Malignant changes are not uncommon in @entity10 . The prognosis after surgical resection however is better than that of conventional @entity5 . The overexpression of @entity6 , @entity7 and fascin may be related to @entity1 progression. The possibility of malignant transformation needs to be considered if the Ki-67 index is over 15%. Early recognition by radiologic examination (including ERCP) and pancreatic cytology would be helpful in early diagnosis. Surgical resection represents the mainstay of treatment and long-term post-operative follow up is needed.

title: [Intraductal papillary mucinous XXXX : a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 19 cases].

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of @entity7 and @entity10 infections among @entity0 with @entity8 and its complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Material for analysis were urethral swabs and @entity1 . @entity7 IST 2 kit was applied to diagnose @entity3 . All @entity0 were additionaly tested for @entity9 , @entity6 and @entity11 and Gram stain specimens were obtained to identify the presence of PMN. RESULTS: @entity10 was detected in 57/390 (14.6%), and @entity7 in 4/390 (1%) @entity0 . Exclusive @entity10 infection was found in 45 (11.5%) @entity0 , and only 2 @entity0 had exclusive @entity7 infection. @entity10 infection the most frequently coexisted with @entity9 --5 (8.8%), next with @entity6 --4 (7%) and @entity7 --2 (3.5%) infections. Mycoplasmal infections were the most frequently found in @entity0 aged 30 to 39 (35.1%) diagnosed with @entity5 (29.2%). The most commonly reported symptom was @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 is the common pathogen among @entity0 with @entity8 and its complications. The most common symptoms in @entity10 @entity0 were: @entity4 , @entity2 and urethrorrhoea, however, clinical symptoms are not frequently observed.

title: XXXX and @entity10 infections in male @entity8 and its complications.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of @entity7 and @entity10 infections among @entity0 with @entity8 and its complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Material for analysis were urethral swabs and @entity1 . @entity7 IST 2 kit was applied to diagnose @entity3 . All @entity0 were additionaly tested for @entity9 , @entity6 and @entity11 and Gram stain specimens were obtained to identify the presence of PMN. RESULTS: @entity10 was detected in 57/390 (14.6%), and @entity7 in 4/390 (1%) @entity0 . Exclusive @entity10 infection was found in 45 (11.5%) @entity0 , and only 2 @entity0 had exclusive @entity7 infection. @entity10 infection the most frequently coexisted with @entity9 --5 (8.8%), next with @entity6 --4 (7%) and @entity7 --2 (3.5%) infections. Mycoplasmal infections were the most frequently found in @entity0 aged 30 to 39 (35.1%) diagnosed with @entity5 (29.2%). The most commonly reported symptom was @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 is the common pathogen among @entity0 with @entity8 and its complications. The most common symptoms in @entity10 @entity0 were: @entity4 , @entity2 and urethrorrhoea, however, clinical symptoms are not frequently observed.

title: @entity7 and XXXX infections in male @entity8 and its complications.

answer: @entity10


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of @entity7 and @entity10 infections among @entity0 with @entity8 and its complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Material for analysis were urethral swabs and @entity1 . @entity7 IST 2 kit was applied to diagnose @entity3 . All @entity0 were additionaly tested for @entity9 , @entity6 and @entity11 and Gram stain specimens were obtained to identify the presence of PMN. RESULTS: @entity10 was detected in 57/390 (14.6%), and @entity7 in 4/390 (1%) @entity0 . Exclusive @entity10 infection was found in 45 (11.5%) @entity0 , and only 2 @entity0 had exclusive @entity7 infection. @entity10 infection the most frequently coexisted with @entity9 --5 (8.8%), next with @entity6 --4 (7%) and @entity7 --2 (3.5%) infections. Mycoplasmal infections were the most frequently found in @entity0 aged 30 to 39 (35.1%) diagnosed with @entity5 (29.2%). The most commonly reported symptom was @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 is the common pathogen among @entity0 with @entity8 and its complications. The most common symptoms in @entity10 @entity0 were: @entity4 , @entity2 and urethrorrhoea, however, clinical symptoms are not frequently observed.

title: @entity7 and @entity10 infections in male XXXX and its complications.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the method of microsurgical treatment for @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Ten @entity0 with dumbbell-shaped JFTs who were microsurgically treated by the same group were retrospectively studied, the surgical approaches includes infratemporal approach and modified far lateral approach according to @entity1 ' size, blood feeding, hearing and growth manner. Cranial nerve function, pre- and postoperative complications, follow-up data were presented and discussed. RESULTS: Gross total @entity1 removal was achieved in 7 @entity0 , subtotal removal in 2 cases, partial removal in 1 case, postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaking in 1 cases, postoperative new @entity3 in 1 cases, aggravation in 2 cases. @entity3 improved in 80 percent of the @entity0 . Favorable facial function in 6 months postoperatively (House-Brackmann grade system in Grade 1 and Grade 2) was noted in 7 of the 10 @entity0 . The postoperative level of hearing was preserved in 3 of the 6 @entity0 with residual hearing. Recurrence was noted in 1 case during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical total removal of @entity1 is possible depends on microsurgical operation with the two approaches with lowly additional @entity2 . The function of preoperative affected cranial nerves can be recovered.

title: [Microsurgical treatment of gigantic dumbbell-shaped XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the outcomes of @entity3 surgery in @entity0 with weak levator function utilizing the direct tarsus to frontalis muscle sling technique without creation of a flap. METHODS: In a prospective nonrandomized case series over a 3-year period, @entity0 with @entity3 and weak (less than 4 mm) levator function underwent direct sling of the tarsus to frontalis muscle without creating any flap. Success was defined as upper lid margin to central corneal reflex distance of at least 3 mm in bilateral cases and a difference of less than 1 mm in unilateral cases. RESULTS: Overall, 26 eyes of 22 @entity0 with mean age of 15.4        9.4 years were operated and followed up for 13.5        8.4 months. The @entity3 was congenital in 15 @entity0 (68.2%) and acquired in 7 @entity0 (31.8%). Twelve @entity0 (54.5%) had a history of @entity3 surgery. The procedure was judged as successful in 77.3% of @entity0 after initial surgery and in 100% after reoperation. Surgical success after initial surgery was directly correlated with the amount of levator function (P   =   0.02). However, success was not associated with age (P   =   0.9) or history of surgery (P   =   0.9). None of the @entity0 developed eyelid @entity2 , lagophthalmus or @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Direct sling of the upper tarsus to the frontalis muscle without creation of flap is an effective procedure for correction of @entity3 in @entity0 with weak levator function. Minimal dissection and preservation of the orbicularis oculi prevents lagophthalmus and its consequences.

title: Direct tarsus to frontalis muscle sling without flap creation for correction of XXXX with poor levator function.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and the efficacy of a new video-assisted minimally invasive surgery for @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: From December 2006 to October 2007, 57 @entity0 who were 56.4 years old in average underwent the video-assisted minimally invasive cardiac operation for @entity3 , and there were 40 male @entity0 . Thirty-eight @entity0 were @entity3 , 7 @entity0 were persistent and 12 @entity0 were long-standing persistent. Three @entity0 had failed catheter ablation, and two @entity0 had preoperative permanent pacemaker implantation. All @entity0 went under the minimally invasive procedure. Intraoperative electrophysiological mapping were performed. RESULTS: Mean operation time was 3.5 h. One @entity0 was confirmed of left auricle thrombus, and one received concurrent epicardial cardiac resynchronization therapy during the procedure. There were no perioperative @entity1 . Acute @entity5 occurred in 1 @entity0 and @entity2 in 1 @entity0 after operation. Sixteen @entity0 had electrical cardioversion after operation and during follow-up. At discharge, 78.9% (45/57) of all @entity0 were in sinus rhythm (84.2% for @entity3 , 71.4% for persistent @entity3 , 66.7% for long-standing persistent @entity3 ). The @entity0 were followed-up by 1 to 10 months. At 1 month after operation, overall 64.3% (36/56) were in sinus rhythm (67.6% for @entity3 , 57.1% for persistent @entity3 , 58.3% for long-standing persistent @entity3 ). At 3 months, overall 83.9% (47/56) were in sinus rhythm (86.5% for @entity3 , 85.7% for persistent @entity3 , 75.0% for long-standing persistent @entity3 ). At > or = 6 months, overall 87.0% (20/23) were in sinus rhythm (89.5% for @entity3 , 75.0% for persistent @entity3 ). No @entity4 event was observed during follow-up period. CONCLUSION: The video-assisted minimally invasive cardiac surgery proves to be safe, less traumatic, and presents optimistic early outcomes for @entity3 @entity0 .

title: [Video-assisted minimally invasive cardiac surgery for XXXX : a report of 57 cases].

answer: @entity3


abstract: This presentation deals with the gross and microscopic pathology of @entity3 . Recent advances in immunohistochemistry, gene rearrangement studies and cell culture are not discussed, except where they shed light on the pathology. Clinical and pathological experience, over the past 2 decades, suggests that @entity3 should be divided into six subtypes, as originally proposed by Lukes et al. (1966b), rather than the four subtypes included in the Rye classification. Nodular lymphocyte/histiocyte predominant @entity3 forms a clinicopathological entity separate from the other subtypes. It most frequently presents at a single nodal site and, even without therapy, progresses only slowly over a period of many years. A proportion of the @entity0 (in the region of 10%) develop large cell @entity2 and a smaller number develop other types of @entity1 . This progression is not due to therapy since it most frequently occurs in untreated @entity0 . Characteristic polylobated @entity5 cell variants are seen in NLPHD. These differ from classic @entity5 cells in that they have a B-cell phenotype, they do not show light chain restriction and, therefore, they do not appear to be a clonal proliferation. Although current dogma states that classic @entity5 cells must be identified before a diagnosis of @entity3 , including NLPHD, is made, it is the author's contention, supported by immunohistochemistry, that this type of @entity5 cell does not occur in NLPHD. Polylobated @entity5 cell variants in the appropriate cellular setting are, in themselves, diagnostic of NLPHD. They also serve to differentiate NLPHD from progressive transformation of germinal centres, an unusual proliferative expansion that may occur in association with @entity3 but which, in itself, appears to be an entirely benign, reactive process. Diffuse lymphocyte/histiocyte predominant @entity3 (DLPHD) differs from NLPHD in its diffuse growth pattern and the frequent presence of larger numbers of histiocytes. Polylobated @entity5 cells are characteristic of both diseases. In some biopsies nodular and diffuse areas are seen in the same lymph node. Despite these similarities, the two diseases differ clinically (NLPHD is usually stage 1, DLPHD is frequently of a higher stage) and in their immunohistochemistry (fewer @entity5 cell variants in DLPHD contain J-chain than in NLPHD). The reasons for these differences are not apparent and require further investigation. It may be due, at least in part, to the inclusion of cases of MCHD and @entity2 in the DLPHD category. @entity4 is the commonest category of @entity3 in most reported series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Pathology of XXXX : anything new?

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between expression of @entity5 ( @entity4 -1) and pERK1/2 and prognosis in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: @entity4 -1 and pERK1/2 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in samples obtained from 160 @entity0 with @entity3 and 20 @entity0 with normal lung tissue. RESULTS: Normal bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells were positive for @entity4 -1 (membranous and cytoplasmic staining patterns). The expression rate of @entity4 -1 in @entity3 was 65.6% (105/160), which was significantly lower than that in normal lung tissue (P = 0.002). The @entity4 -1-positive rates in well to moderately differentiated @entity2 and poorly differentiated @entity2 were 56.8% (46/81) and 75.7% (53/70), respectively (P = 0.015). The expression of @entity4 -1 was much higher in @entity0 with lymph node @entity1 (77.8%, compared with 55.7% in lymph node-negative group, P = 0.003). The expression was also higher in stage III to IV than in stage I to II disease (75.4%, compared with 58.2%, P = 0.024). The overall survival of @entity0 with @entity4 -1-positive @entity2 (71.4%, 37.1% and 17.1% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively) was lower than those with @entity4 -1-negative @entity2 (89.1%, 69.1% and 43.6% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively, P = 0.000). On the other hand, normal bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells were negative for pERK1/2. The expression rate of pERK1/2 in @entity3 was 61.3%, which was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues (P = 0.000). The pERK1/2-positive rates in well to moderately differentiated @entity2 and poorly differentiated @entity2 was 53.1% and 71.4%, respectively (P = 0.021). The expression of pERK1/2 was much higher in @entity0 with lymph node @entity1 (80.6%, compared with 45.5% in lymph node-negative group, P = 0.000). The expression of pERK1/2 was also higher in stage III to IV than in stage I to II disease (76.8%, compared with 49.5%, P = 0.426). The overall survival of @entity0 with @entity6 1/2-positive @entity2 (74.5%, 42.9% and 19.4% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively) was lower than those with pERK1/2-negative @entity2 (82.3%, 56.5% and 37.1% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively, P = 0.002). @entity4 -1 and pERK1/2 expression showed negative correlation (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 -1 expression is lower in @entity3 than in normal lung tissue, whereas pERK1/2 expression is higher in @entity3 . Positive expression of @entity4 -1 and overexpression of pERK1/2 correlates with tumorigenesis and @entity2 progression of @entity3 . @entity4 -1 and pERK1/2 may serve as potential markers for predicting prognosis in @entity3 .

title: [Relationship between expression of @entity5 and pERK1/2 and prognosis in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between expression of @entity5 ( @entity4 -1) and pERK1/2 and prognosis in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: @entity4 -1 and pERK1/2 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in samples obtained from 160 @entity0 with @entity3 and 20 @entity0 with normal lung tissue. RESULTS: Normal bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells were positive for @entity4 -1 (membranous and cytoplasmic staining patterns). The expression rate of @entity4 -1 in @entity3 was 65.6% (105/160), which was significantly lower than that in normal lung tissue (P = 0.002). The @entity4 -1-positive rates in well to moderately differentiated @entity2 and poorly differentiated @entity2 were 56.8% (46/81) and 75.7% (53/70), respectively (P = 0.015). The expression of @entity4 -1 was much higher in @entity0 with lymph node @entity1 (77.8%, compared with 55.7% in lymph node-negative group, P = 0.003). The expression was also higher in stage III to IV than in stage I to II disease (75.4%, compared with 58.2%, P = 0.024). The overall survival of @entity0 with @entity4 -1-positive @entity2 (71.4%, 37.1% and 17.1% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively) was lower than those with @entity4 -1-negative @entity2 (89.1%, 69.1% and 43.6% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively, P = 0.000). On the other hand, normal bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells were negative for pERK1/2. The expression rate of pERK1/2 in @entity3 was 61.3%, which was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues (P = 0.000). The pERK1/2-positive rates in well to moderately differentiated @entity2 and poorly differentiated @entity2 was 53.1% and 71.4%, respectively (P = 0.021). The expression of pERK1/2 was much higher in @entity0 with lymph node @entity1 (80.6%, compared with 45.5% in lymph node-negative group, P = 0.000). The expression of pERK1/2 was also higher in stage III to IV than in stage I to II disease (76.8%, compared with 49.5%, P = 0.426). The overall survival of @entity0 with @entity6 1/2-positive @entity2 (74.5%, 42.9% and 19.4% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively) was lower than those with pERK1/2-negative @entity2 (82.3%, 56.5% and 37.1% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively, P = 0.002). @entity4 -1 and pERK1/2 expression showed negative correlation (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 -1 expression is lower in @entity3 than in normal lung tissue, whereas pERK1/2 expression is higher in @entity3 . Positive expression of @entity4 -1 and overexpression of pERK1/2 correlates with tumorigenesis and @entity2 progression of @entity3 . @entity4 -1 and pERK1/2 may serve as potential markers for predicting prognosis in @entity3 .

title: [Relationship between expression of XXXX and pERK1/2 and prognosis in @entity3 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECT: A large volume of @entity0 presented to a Level I pediatric @entity1 center during and after a recent tornado disaster. Injuries of the central and peripheral nervous systems and the medical responses of a pediatric neurosurgical team are reviewed. METHODS: The clinical courses of @entity0 who suffered cranial, spinal, and @entity2 due to the tornado storm are reported. The clinical actions taken by the neurosurgical team during and after the event are reviewed and the lessons learned are discussed. RESULTS: The tornado storm system moved through the Tuscaloosa and Birmingham metropolitan areas on the early evening hours of April 27, 2011. Twenty-four @entity0 received care from the neurosurgical team. A total of 11 cranial (including placement of an external ventricular drain), 2 spine, and 2 peripheral procedures were performed for the victims. Nine procedures were performed within the first 12 hours of the event, and an additional 6 surgeries were performed in the following 24 hours. Injuries of the peripheral nervous system often presented in a delayed fashion. Several key components were identified that enabled adequate neurosurgical care for a large influx of acute @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Massive casualties due to tornados are rare. A well-organized physician team working with the hospital administration may decrease the mortality and morbidity of such events.

title: Massive XXXX and lessons learned following a tornado disaster in Alabama.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Apoptosis of @entity2 cells between the gastric and intestinal-type @entity0 @entity3 were compared in terms of the expression of oncogene @entity8 and @entity4 , the histological types, the infiltration depth, and lymph node @entity1 . Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity6 - @entity5 nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was employed to stain apoptotic cells. Histochemical method(AB-PAS) was applied to stain mucus that is neutral or acidic in nature. Immunohistochemical method (SABC) was used to detect expression of @entity8 and @entity7 . The results showed that the mean apoptosis index (AI) of total 48 cases was 8.60+/-2.60. AI in the 30 intestinal type cases was significantly higher than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.67, P<0.01). In the 30 intestinal type cases, the spontaneous apoptosis index of @entity8 negative cases was significantly higher than that of the positive cases (t=7.16, P<0.01). And in the 18 gastric type cases, the same result was found. (t=11.39, P<0.01). The @entity8 positive ratio in gastric type cases was higher than that in intestinal type cases (chi2=4.68, P<0.05). There is no significant difference in AI between cases of lymph node @entity1 and non- @entity1 cases in intestinal type cases (t=0.26, P>0.05). But in the gastric type cases, a significant difference existed (t=5.87, P<0.01). A significant difference in lymph node @entity1 ratio was found between the two @entity3 types (chi2=4.48, P<0.05). The @entity4 expression ratio in the 30 intestinal type cases was much lower than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.29, P<0.01). AI of 25 @entity8 -positive cases was much lower than that of the 23 @entity8 -negative cases (t=7.80, P<0.01). @entity4 positive ratio in the 25 @entity8 -negative cases was much lower than that in the 23 negative cases. The difference was statistically significant (t=10.90, P<0.01). Except for few cells scattering within the @entity2 nest, most @entity4 positive cells infiltrated in the interstitium around the @entity2 tissue. In the high-AI cases, @entity4 -positive cells increased. And the @entity4 -positive cells decreased in low-AI cases (r=0.96, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested that among the control variables, only AI was a statistically significant factor in the regression model (chi2=9.64, P<0.01). We concluded that (1) the spontaneous apoptosis index in gastric-type cases of @entity3 was significantly lower than that in intestinal type cases; (2) AI in the two types was influenced by the expression of @entity8 and lymph node @entity1 , but no visible connection was found between AI and the infiltration depth or histological types; (3) in the intestinal type cases, AI and the @entity4 -positive cells increased in @entity8 -negative cases.

title: Comparative study on @entity2 cell apoptosis between gastric and intestinal-type @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Apoptosis of @entity2 cells between the gastric and intestinal-type @entity0 @entity3 were compared in terms of the expression of oncogene @entity8 and @entity4 , the histological types, the infiltration depth, and lymph node @entity1 . Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity6 - @entity5 nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was employed to stain apoptotic cells. Histochemical method(AB-PAS) was applied to stain mucus that is neutral or acidic in nature. Immunohistochemical method (SABC) was used to detect expression of @entity8 and @entity7 . The results showed that the mean apoptosis index (AI) of total 48 cases was 8.60+/-2.60. AI in the 30 intestinal type cases was significantly higher than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.67, P<0.01). In the 30 intestinal type cases, the spontaneous apoptosis index of @entity8 negative cases was significantly higher than that of the positive cases (t=7.16, P<0.01). And in the 18 gastric type cases, the same result was found. (t=11.39, P<0.01). The @entity8 positive ratio in gastric type cases was higher than that in intestinal type cases (chi2=4.68, P<0.05). There is no significant difference in AI between cases of lymph node @entity1 and non- @entity1 cases in intestinal type cases (t=0.26, P>0.05). But in the gastric type cases, a significant difference existed (t=5.87, P<0.01). A significant difference in lymph node @entity1 ratio was found between the two @entity3 types (chi2=4.48, P<0.05). The @entity4 expression ratio in the 30 intestinal type cases was much lower than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.29, P<0.01). AI of 25 @entity8 -positive cases was much lower than that of the 23 @entity8 -negative cases (t=7.80, P<0.01). @entity4 positive ratio in the 25 @entity8 -negative cases was much lower than that in the 23 negative cases. The difference was statistically significant (t=10.90, P<0.01). Except for few cells scattering within the @entity2 nest, most @entity4 positive cells infiltrated in the interstitium around the @entity2 tissue. In the high-AI cases, @entity4 -positive cells increased. And the @entity4 -positive cells decreased in low-AI cases (r=0.96, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested that among the control variables, only AI was a statistically significant factor in the regression model (chi2=9.64, P<0.01). We concluded that (1) the spontaneous apoptosis index in gastric-type cases of @entity3 was significantly lower than that in intestinal type cases; (2) AI in the two types was influenced by the expression of @entity8 and lymph node @entity1 , but no visible connection was found between AI and the infiltration depth or histological types; (3) in the intestinal type cases, AI and the @entity4 -positive cells increased in @entity8 -negative cases.

title: Comparative study on XXXX cell apoptosis between gastric and intestinal-type @entity0 @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Apoptosis of @entity2 cells between the gastric and intestinal-type @entity0 @entity3 were compared in terms of the expression of oncogene @entity8 and @entity4 , the histological types, the infiltration depth, and lymph node @entity1 . Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity6 - @entity5 nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was employed to stain apoptotic cells. Histochemical method(AB-PAS) was applied to stain mucus that is neutral or acidic in nature. Immunohistochemical method (SABC) was used to detect expression of @entity8 and @entity7 . The results showed that the mean apoptosis index (AI) of total 48 cases was 8.60+/-2.60. AI in the 30 intestinal type cases was significantly higher than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.67, P<0.01). In the 30 intestinal type cases, the spontaneous apoptosis index of @entity8 negative cases was significantly higher than that of the positive cases (t=7.16, P<0.01). And in the 18 gastric type cases, the same result was found. (t=11.39, P<0.01). The @entity8 positive ratio in gastric type cases was higher than that in intestinal type cases (chi2=4.68, P<0.05). There is no significant difference in AI between cases of lymph node @entity1 and non- @entity1 cases in intestinal type cases (t=0.26, P>0.05). But in the gastric type cases, a significant difference existed (t=5.87, P<0.01). A significant difference in lymph node @entity1 ratio was found between the two @entity3 types (chi2=4.48, P<0.05). The @entity4 expression ratio in the 30 intestinal type cases was much lower than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.29, P<0.01). AI of 25 @entity8 -positive cases was much lower than that of the 23 @entity8 -negative cases (t=7.80, P<0.01). @entity4 positive ratio in the 25 @entity8 -negative cases was much lower than that in the 23 negative cases. The difference was statistically significant (t=10.90, P<0.01). Except for few cells scattering within the @entity2 nest, most @entity4 positive cells infiltrated in the interstitium around the @entity2 tissue. In the high-AI cases, @entity4 -positive cells increased. And the @entity4 -positive cells decreased in low-AI cases (r=0.96, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested that among the control variables, only AI was a statistically significant factor in the regression model (chi2=9.64, P<0.01). We concluded that (1) the spontaneous apoptosis index in gastric-type cases of @entity3 was significantly lower than that in intestinal type cases; (2) AI in the two types was influenced by the expression of @entity8 and lymph node @entity1 , but no visible connection was found between AI and the infiltration depth or histological types; (3) in the intestinal type cases, AI and the @entity4 -positive cells increased in @entity8 -negative cases.

title: Comparative study on @entity2 cell apoptosis between gastric and intestinal-type XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Oral @entity1 was compared with placebo in a double-blind controlled trial of therapy in @entity4 ( @entity4 ), a rare @entity5 . Eighteen severely affected @entity0 were randomly allocated to @entity1 50 mg t.d.s. or placebo over a 2-year period. Severity of itch and @entity2 were assessed weekly by each @entity0 on a visual analogue scale and overall clinical status monthly by a medical observer. Monitoring of @entity0 ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure was undertaken throughout treatment by @entity3 film lapel-badge dosimetry. Five of 8 @entity0 treated with @entity1 but none of 10 placebo @entity0 achieved remission within 6 months. One @entity0 could not tolerate treatment because of gastrointestinal effects. No haematological or hepatic abnormality was noted. The marked improvement in clinical status of actively treated @entity0 (P less than 0.02, Fisher's exact test), led to early termination of the trial. Oral @entity1 therapy is an effective and usually well tolerated treatment in @entity4 .

title: @entity1 treatment in XXXX : a double-blind controlled trial with monitoring of exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Oral @entity1 was compared with placebo in a double-blind controlled trial of therapy in @entity4 ( @entity4 ), a rare @entity5 . Eighteen severely affected @entity0 were randomly allocated to @entity1 50 mg t.d.s. or placebo over a 2-year period. Severity of itch and @entity2 were assessed weekly by each @entity0 on a visual analogue scale and overall clinical status monthly by a medical observer. Monitoring of @entity0 ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure was undertaken throughout treatment by @entity3 film lapel-badge dosimetry. Five of 8 @entity0 treated with @entity1 but none of 10 placebo @entity0 achieved remission within 6 months. One @entity0 could not tolerate treatment because of gastrointestinal effects. No haematological or hepatic abnormality was noted. The marked improvement in clinical status of actively treated @entity0 (P less than 0.02, Fisher's exact test), led to early termination of the trial. Oral @entity1 therapy is an effective and usually well tolerated treatment in @entity4 .

title: XXXX treatment in @entity4 : a double-blind controlled trial with monitoring of exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

answer: @entity1