abstract: The growing use of cochlear prosthetic devices and demonstrations of direct ototoxic insult to spiral ganglion neurons make it imperative to gain an understanding of intracellular biochemical regulation in primary sensory neurons. @entity0 and calmodulin regulate many aspects of neuronal cellular physiology through stimulation of protein kinase activity. We have previously demonstrated the presence of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase substrates in the @entity2 modiolus and, additionally, the presence of two proteins (12 kDa and 81 kDa, designated as p12 and p81) whose phosphorylation is blocked by @entity0 and calmodulin (Coling and Schacht, 1991). Here, we investigate three models for this unusual regulatory mechanism. The effects of @entity0 , calmodulin and @entity3 on dephosphorylation of both proteins suggests that calmodulin inhibits protein kinase activity. P81 was identified by immunoprecipitation as the myristoylated @entity1 -rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS), a ubiquitous actin-binding protein. Two observations indicate that MARCKS may be regulated differently in acoustic nerve than in cerebral cortex. 32P incorporation was significantly higher in acoustic nerve than in brain. The calmodulin-dependent block of MARCKS phosphorylation was observed only in acoustic nerve. p12 shares several characteristics with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). We used a double label assay with 32P autoradiography and immunoblotting to show that p12 is in fact distinct from @entity4 . We suggest that either p12 or p12 kinase may be either specific to the peripheral auditory system or novel marker proteins for that tissue.

title: XXXX and calmodulin inhibit phosphorylation of a novel auditory nerve protein.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Neural activity of single eighth nerve fibers was recorded with glass microelectrodes in anesthetized normal-hearing @entity0 . The units had a spontaneous rate ranging from 0 to approximately 120 spikes/s. In a large number of fibers this rate was below 2 spikes/s. The frequency tuning curves (FTCs) had a tip and a tail region for fibers with a high or medium @entity2 ( @entity2 ). For low-frequency units the @entity3 was more symmetrically U-shaped. The tip threshold reached the behavioral threshold and units with thresholds of up to more than 60 dB above the mean behavioral threshold were found. There was a weak negative correlation between spontaneous rate and tip threshold. Frequency selectivity, Q10, was about 2 for units with @entity2 below 2 kHz and about 5 for those with @entity2 above 4 kHz. The peristimulus time (PST) histogram showed an initial peak, a plateau, and poststimulus inhibition. For the majority of fibers the dynamic range was 20-30 dB. Some fibers did not reach saturation within the stimulus intensity available. The tip-to-tail distance was 50 dB for high-frequency units at one octave below @entity2 , a matter of potential interest for further studies of animals with @entity1 .

title: Eighth nerve fiber firing features in normal-hearing XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The i(12p) chromosome has been shown to characterize more than 80% of @entity2 ( @entity1 ) and is an important diagnostic marker. Although recent cytogenetic analyses of @entity1 have defined nonrandom chromosome abnormalities in these @entity0 , no attempt has so far been made to compare i(12p)-positive and -negative @entity0 in terms of their cytogenetic, histologic, and clinical features. During a 5-year period, we have ascertained 202 @entity1 , of which 117 had clonally abnormal karyotypes. Among the latter, 91 had one or more copies of i(12p), whereas 26 lacked an i(12p). We report here the karyotypic analysis of these 26 i(12p)-negative @entity1 . In this group, nonrandom sites of chromosomal rearrangements included 12p13 (9/26) and 1p11-q11 (5/26). Comparison of the cytogenetic features of i(12p)-negative @entity0 with i(12p)-positive @entity0 revealed the only significant difference to be rearrangements affecting 12p13 in the former (35%) as compared to their absence in the latter (3%). Hybridization of metaphase preparations of 9 i(12p)-negative @entity0 with a chromosome 12 painting probe and with a microdissected 12p painting probe revealed extra copies of chromosome 12 segments incorporated into marker chromosomes whose composition could not otherwise be resolved by banding analysis; all were shown to be derived from 12p. These data demonstrate that both i(12p)-negative and -positive groups are characterized by an increased copy number of 12p, which is consistent with a lack of significant clinical or biological difference between them. An increased 12p copy number thus is a specific aberration of significance to the development of @entity1 .

title: Molecular cytogenetic analysis of i(12p)-negative human XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine magnetic resonance (MR) enteroclysis findings in @entity0 with uncomplicated @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ) type I, and @entity2 , to develop and validate a scoring system to identify @entity0 with @entity2 II and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of MR enteroclysis to detect @entity3 -related @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed with approval of the institutional review board. One radiologist blinded to clinical details retrospectively evaluated quantitative and qualitative criteria of 28 studies obtained in symptomatic @entity0 with @entity3 (uncomplicated @entity3 , n = 10; @entity2 I, n = 8; @entity2 II, n = 10). A scoring system was developed by using parameters identified in multivariate analysis to be associated with @entity2 II, which two radiologists evaluated in a second group of 40 symptomatic @entity0 with @entity3 . Accuracy to detect @entity1 was assessed in the total study group. Cumulative survival was evaluated in the total study group by using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: MR enteroclysis could not be used to discriminate between uncomplicated @entity3 and @entity2 I. The presence of less than 10 folds per 5 cm jejunum, mesenteric fat infiltration, and bowel wall thickening were associated with @entity2 II. A positive MR score was defined as the presence of two or more of these features. In the validation group, the MR score was positive in 13 of 15 @entity0 with @entity2 II (sensitivity, 0.87) and negative in 24 of 25 @entity0 without @entity2 II (specificity, 0.96). The 5-year survival rate was 95% in @entity0 with a negative MR score and 56% in @entity0 with a positive MR score (P < .0001). MR enteroclysis helped to identify the presence of seven of eight @entity1 and to diagnose absence of @entity1 in 58 of 60 studies. CONCLUSION: MR enteroclysis can be used to investigate the presence of @entity2 II or @entity1 in symptomatic @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: MR enteroclysis in refractory XXXX : proposal and validation of a severity scoring system.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A study has been done to assess the extent to which toxoplasma was responsible for fetal wastage. Hemagglutination and intradermal tests were used for diagnosis of @entity5 . In addition, on 50 specimens of abortus material, placenta, and endometrial biopsy, animal innoculation was performed and at least 8 passages were done before negative results were declared. In 5 cases, toxoplasma was recovered. Brief clinical data for these @entity0 are presented. Hemagglutination tests were positive in 14% of the study group; i.e., cases with a history of fetal wastage in the form of abortions, @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity1 . In the control group of @entity0 with a good obstetric history, positive reactions were obtained in 4.9%. This difference was statistically significant. Reactions were more often positive in higher dilutions in the study group than in the controls. The intradermal test was positive in 14% of the @entity0 in the study group as compared to 6.7% of the controls. The difference was not statistically significant. In all cases, routine tests for other commonly known etiological factors for abortions were also done. Sometimes, more than 1 factor was discovered. A certain percentage of positive reactions to hemagglutination and intradermal tests in the control group is thought to be due to exposure of the @entity0 to @entity2 , but with no cysts in the uterus. It is concluded that the hemagglutination test is simple and a reliable screening test for @entity5 . Toxoplasma is an etiological factor of abortions and @entity4 particularly when fetal losses exceed 3.

title: XXXX : abortions and @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A study has been done to assess the extent to which toxoplasma was responsible for fetal wastage. Hemagglutination and intradermal tests were used for diagnosis of @entity5 . In addition, on 50 specimens of abortus material, placenta, and endometrial biopsy, animal innoculation was performed and at least 8 passages were done before negative results were declared. In 5 cases, toxoplasma was recovered. Brief clinical data for these @entity0 are presented. Hemagglutination tests were positive in 14% of the study group; i.e., cases with a history of fetal wastage in the form of abortions, @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity1 . In the control group of @entity0 with a good obstetric history, positive reactions were obtained in 4.9%. This difference was statistically significant. Reactions were more often positive in higher dilutions in the study group than in the controls. The intradermal test was positive in 14% of the @entity0 in the study group as compared to 6.7% of the controls. The difference was not statistically significant. In all cases, routine tests for other commonly known etiological factors for abortions were also done. Sometimes, more than 1 factor was discovered. A certain percentage of positive reactions to hemagglutination and intradermal tests in the control group is thought to be due to exposure of the @entity0 to @entity2 , but with no cysts in the uterus. It is concluded that the hemagglutination test is simple and a reliable screening test for @entity5 . Toxoplasma is an etiological factor of abortions and @entity4 particularly when fetal losses exceed 3.

title: @entity5 : abortions and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We conducted a retrospective study of 78 @entity0 who underwent palliative reconstructive operation for @entity3 representing an entire consecutive experience between 1983 and 1991 to identify predictors of mortality that might enable more appropriate triage of @entity0 to either reconstruction or transplantation. Twenty-nine @entity0 had @entity4 , mitral @entity2 ; 18 had @entity1 , @entity5 ; 20 had @entity4 and @entity5 ; and 11 had miscellaneous forms of @entity3 . There were 29 hospital deaths (37%). A worst preoperative pH (p = 0.01) and immediate preoperative pH (p = 0.03) less than the median were predictors of hospital mortality. The anatomic subgroup @entity4 , @entity5 (p = 0.06) had a possible increased hospital mortality. One @entity0 was lost to follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimate among hospital survivors was 34% at 3 years and 25% at 5 years. The anatomic subgroup @entity4 , mitral @entity2 (p = 0.02) had a worse late outcome (11% 3-year survival) whereas the subgroup @entity1 , @entity5 (p = 0.04; 76% 3-year survival) had a better late outcome. There were no other significant predictors of late survival other than immediate prerepair pH (p = 0.05). Interpretation of this experience is complicated by the large number of different surgical techniques used for both first-stage neonatal reconstruction and the Fontan procedure plus introduction of the bidirectional Glenn shunt as an intermediate step midway through the experience. Nevertheless in this time frame and with the variety of techniques used, this experience demonstrates that @entity0 with @entity4 , mitral @entity2 , particularly those who have been very acidotic in the neonatal period, are least likely to do well with the reconstructive approach to @entity3 and are the most appropriate subgroup to be directed to transplantation. @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity5 have an excellent late outcome with the reconstructive approach.

title: Anatomic subtype and survival after reconstructive operation for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Evident progress has been made in the treatment of @entity4 . The results of hormone analysis became very accurate, the method for @entity1 localisation are non invasive and safe: with 131-I-MIBG, ultrasonography and CT-scan an exact preoperative localisation is possible without serious risks. @entity0 are prepared for the operation with alpha- and beta-blocking agents. Modern methods of anaesthesia with continuous monitoring of blood pressure, pulmonary pressure and cardiac output and a standardized operative procedure are essential. From 1965 to 1987 71 @entity0 with a total of 87 @entity6 producing @entity1 have been operated. In all cases a transabdominal access was chosen. @entity1 were removed in 8 @entity0 , multiple (7) @entity1 in 2 @entity0 . The comparison of the 2 time intervals 1965 to 1976 and 1977 to 1987 showed a significant decrease of serious intra- and @entity3 . Surgical specimens of 36 @entity0 with @entity4 were used for immunohistologic evaluation. Marked positivity was found in 44% of cases for @entity2 . The reaction for @entity8 ( @entity8 ) was positive in 28% of cases. @entity5 was not detected in any case, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in all cases. 6 @entity0 with @entity1 were treated with high doses of 131-I-MIBG, 4 other @entity0 received a combined chemotherapy.

title: [Treatment of XXXX : changes in diagnosis and therapy].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate gray-scale and color Doppler sonographic (US) features of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), according to the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon. METHODS: From 2010 through 2013, 586 @entity0 with @entity3 were seen; 101 (17%) of those lesions were diagnosed as complex @entity3 on percutaneous needle biopsy or surgery. Among the @entity0 with complex @entity3 , 67 who had US examination results available were included in this study. In addition, the results from 98 @entity0 who had simple @entity3 were included as controls. US features were retrospectively analyzed by two breast radiologists in consensus for shape, margin, echogenicity, posterior acoustic pattern, boundary, orientation, and associated findings. They also reassessed the BI-RADS category for @entity3 . Color Doppler US examination results were classified according to the amount of vascularity as absent, moderate, or marked. RESULTS: Complex @entity2 were larger than simple @entity3 were (14.5 cm versus 12.1 cm, p > 0.05). On univariate analysis, a round to irregular shape, an uncircumscribed margin, the presence of associated findings, and BI-RADS categorization as 4a and 4b were more frequently revealed in complex than in simple @entity3 (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the @entity1 margin was a predictive factor for complex @entity2 (odds ratio: 6.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.14-32.49, p < 0.05). On color Doppler US, the complex @entity3 had higher degrees of vascularity than simple @entity2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Complex @entity3 , in comparison with simple @entity3 , tend to have more aggressive features and to be in higher BI-RADS categories on US examination.

title: Gray-scale and color Doppler sonographic features of complex XXXX of the breast.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate dosimetric coverage of the prostate, normal tissue sparing, and acute @entity1 with @entity4 brachytherapy for large prostate volumes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and two @entity2 @entity0 with prostate volumes >50 mL (range: 5-29 mL) were treated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) brachytherapy    intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to 4,500 cGy in 25 daily fractions between 2009 and 2013. @entity4 brachytherapy monotherapy doses consisted of two 1,350-1,400 cGy fractions separated by 2-3 weeks, and @entity4 brachytherapy boost doses consisted of two 950-1,150 cGy fractions separated by 4 weeks. Twelve of 32 (38%) unfavorable intermediate risk, high risk, and very high risk @entity0 received @entity3 deprivation therapy. Acute @entity1 was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 14 months. Dosimetric goals were achieved in over 90% of cases. Three of 102 (3%) @entity0 developed Grade 2 acute @entity5 . No variables were significantly associated with Grade 2 acute @entity5 . Seventeen of 102 (17%) @entity0 developed Grade 2 acute urinary retention. American Urological Association (AUA) symptom score was the only variable significantly associated with Grade 2 acute urinary retention (p=0.04). There was no >=  Grade 3 acute @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Dosimetric coverage of the prostate and normal tissue sparing were adequate in @entity0 with prostate volumes >50 mL. Higher pre-treatment AUA symptom scores increased the relative risk of Grade 2 acute urinary retention. However, the overall incidence of acute @entity1 was acceptable in @entity0 with large prostate volumes.

title: Dosimetric coverage of the prostate, normal tissue sparing, and acute XXXX with @entity4 brachytherapy for large prostate volumes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate dosimetric coverage of the prostate, normal tissue sparing, and acute @entity1 with @entity4 brachytherapy for large prostate volumes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and two @entity2 @entity0 with prostate volumes >50 mL (range: 5-29 mL) were treated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) brachytherapy    intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to 4,500 cGy in 25 daily fractions between 2009 and 2013. @entity4 brachytherapy monotherapy doses consisted of two 1,350-1,400 cGy fractions separated by 2-3 weeks, and @entity4 brachytherapy boost doses consisted of two 950-1,150 cGy fractions separated by 4 weeks. Twelve of 32 (38%) unfavorable intermediate risk, high risk, and very high risk @entity0 received @entity3 deprivation therapy. Acute @entity1 was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 14 months. Dosimetric goals were achieved in over 90% of cases. Three of 102 (3%) @entity0 developed Grade 2 acute @entity5 . No variables were significantly associated with Grade 2 acute @entity5 . Seventeen of 102 (17%) @entity0 developed Grade 2 acute urinary retention. American Urological Association (AUA) symptom score was the only variable significantly associated with Grade 2 acute urinary retention (p=0.04). There was no >=  Grade 3 acute @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Dosimetric coverage of the prostate and normal tissue sparing were adequate in @entity0 with prostate volumes >50 mL. Higher pre-treatment AUA symptom scores increased the relative risk of Grade 2 acute urinary retention. However, the overall incidence of acute @entity1 was acceptable in @entity0 with large prostate volumes.

title: Dosimetric coverage of the prostate, normal tissue sparing, and acute @entity1 with XXXX brachytherapy for large prostate volumes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: C57BL/6 (B6) @entity0 were injected i.v. with class I H-2-disparate B10.QBR spleen cells (10(7)/ @entity0 ). This regimen, termed donor alloantigen-specific i.v. pre-sensitization (DSP), induced almost complete reduction of the anti-B10.QBR mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) that has been regarded to represent a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-independent graft rejection pathway. Because the DSP regimen failed to affect the generation of CTL responses, it did not prolong graft survival. Repeated (four or 11 times) administration in vivo (during 5 or 18 days) of @entity3 at suboptimal doses (0.5-2.0 mg/kg/day) failed to eliminate the capacities to exhibit MLR as well as to generate CTL responses. The suppression of CTL responses was achieved only through the combination of these two treatments. It was also shown that prolongation of skin graft survival was not induced by either of a single DSP or @entity3 treatment alone, but by the combination of these. Potent suppression of CTL responses was also induced when a single DSP was combined with repeated injection of a suboptimal dose (0.75 mg/kg/day) of another immunosuppressive drug, @entity1 , instead of @entity3 . However, there was a substantial difference in cellular mechanisms underlying the suppression of CTL responses by the above two different combinations. Under conditions in which lymphoid cells from @entity0 receiving the treatments with DSP plus @entity1 failed to generate CTL responses, the addition of recombinant @entity2 ( @entity4 ) to cultures restored the CTL generation, suggesting that CTL precursors themselves are not attenuated by the combined treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Suppression of allograft responses by combining alloantigen-specific i.v. pre-sensitization with suboptimal doses of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 2014/15 @entity1 season in Canada was characterized by an @entity2 due to vaccine-mismatched @entity1 , disproportionately affecting elderly individuals >= 65-years-old. We assessed vaccine effectiveness (VE) against A(H3N2) hospitalization among elderly individuals during the peak weeks of the 2014/15 epidemic in Quebec, Canada. METHODS: Nasal specimens and clinical/epidemiological data were collected within 7 days of illness onset from elderly @entity0 admitted with respiratory symptoms to one of four participating hospitals between November 30, 2014 and January 13, 2015. Cases tested RT-PCR positive for @entity1 A(H3N2) and controls tested negative for any @entity1 . VE was assessed by test-negative case-control design. RESULTS: There were 314 @entity0 including 186 cases (62% vaccinated) and 128 controls (59% vaccinated) included in primary VE analysis. Median age was 81.5 years, two-thirds were admitted from the community and 91% had underlying comorbidity. Crude VE against A(H3N2) hospitalization was -17% (95%CI: -86% to 26%), decreasing to -23% (95%CI: -99 to 23%) with adjustment for age and comorbidity, and to -39% (95%CI: -142 to 20%) with additional adjustment for specimen collection interval, calendar time, type of residence and hospital. In sensitivity analyses, VE estimates were improved toward the null with restriction to @entity0 admitted from the community (-2%; 95%CI: -105 to 49%) or with specimen collection  <=4 days since illness onset (- 8%; 95%CI: -104 to 43%) but further from the null with restriction to @entity0 with comorbidity (-51%; 95%CI: -169 to 15%). CONCLUSION: The 2014/15 mismatched @entity1 vaccine provided elderly @entity0 with no cross-protection against hospitalization with the A(H3N2) epidemic strain, reinforcing the need for adjunct protective measures among high-risk individuals and improved vaccine options.

title: Mid-Season Estimates of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness against XXXX (H3N2) Hospitalization in the Elderly in Quebec, Canada, January 2015.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: First-Trimester Use of Selective @entity2 -Reuptake Inhibitors and the Risk of @entity1 Original Article, N Engl J Med 2007;356:2675-2683. In the Abstract (page 2675), the second sentence of Results should have read, "Analyses of the associations between individual SSRIs and specific defects showed significant associations between the use of @entity5 and omphalocele (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.6 to 20.7; 3 exposed subjects) and between the use of @entity3 and right ventricular outflow @entity6 (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3 to 8.8; 6 exposed subjects)," rather than ".  .  . and omphalocele (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.6 to 20.7; 3 exposed subjects) and @entity4 (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.0; 13 exposed subjects) and between the use of @entity3 .  .  . ." In the third paragraph of the "Assessment of Previous Hypotheses" subsection of Results (page 2678), the second sentence should have ended, ".  .  . ranged from 0.5 to 3.3, and one risk estimate had lower bounds that exceeded 1.0: @entity3 in relation to right ventricular .  .  . ," rather than ".  .  . 3.3, and two risk estimates had lower bounds that exceeded 1.0: @entity5 in relation to @entity4 (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.0, based on 13 exposed subjects) and @entity3 in relation to right ventricular .  .  . ." In Table 2 (page 2679), the 95% confidence interval given for @entity4 in the " @entity5 " column should have been "(1.0-4.0)," rather than "(1.2-4.0)." In the second paragraph of the Discussion, the first parenthetical in the second sentence (page 2680) should have read, "(odds ratio, 2.0; lower confidence bound, 1.0)," rather than "(odds ratio, 2.0)." In the first sentence of the third paragraph (page 2680), the term "selected @entity0 " should have been "selected defects." In the fifth paragraph, the final sentence (page 2681) should have ended, ".  .  . neither of which was common to both drugs," rather than ".  .  . none of which were common .  .  . ." The article is correct at NEJM.org.

title: First-Trimester Use of Selective XXXX -Reuptake Inhibitors and the Risk of @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: First-Trimester Use of Selective @entity2 -Reuptake Inhibitors and the Risk of @entity1 Original Article, N Engl J Med 2007;356:2675-2683. In the Abstract (page 2675), the second sentence of Results should have read, "Analyses of the associations between individual SSRIs and specific defects showed significant associations between the use of @entity5 and omphalocele (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.6 to 20.7; 3 exposed subjects) and between the use of @entity3 and right ventricular outflow @entity6 (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3 to 8.8; 6 exposed subjects)," rather than ".  .  . and omphalocele (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.6 to 20.7; 3 exposed subjects) and @entity4 (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.0; 13 exposed subjects) and between the use of @entity3 .  .  . ." In the third paragraph of the "Assessment of Previous Hypotheses" subsection of Results (page 2678), the second sentence should have ended, ".  .  . ranged from 0.5 to 3.3, and one risk estimate had lower bounds that exceeded 1.0: @entity3 in relation to right ventricular .  .  . ," rather than ".  .  . 3.3, and two risk estimates had lower bounds that exceeded 1.0: @entity5 in relation to @entity4 (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.0, based on 13 exposed subjects) and @entity3 in relation to right ventricular .  .  . ." In Table 2 (page 2679), the 95% confidence interval given for @entity4 in the " @entity5 " column should have been "(1.0-4.0)," rather than "(1.2-4.0)." In the second paragraph of the Discussion, the first parenthetical in the second sentence (page 2680) should have read, "(odds ratio, 2.0; lower confidence bound, 1.0)," rather than "(odds ratio, 2.0)." In the first sentence of the third paragraph (page 2680), the term "selected @entity0 " should have been "selected defects." In the fifth paragraph, the final sentence (page 2681) should have ended, ".  .  . neither of which was common to both drugs," rather than ".  .  . none of which were common .  .  . ." The article is correct at NEJM.org.

title: First-Trimester Use of Selective @entity2 -Reuptake Inhibitors and the Risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity4 84 multicentric prospective trial of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) was designed to (1) test the effectiveness of @entity6 3 g/m2 on days 1 and 2, vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 on days 1 and 14, and @entity9 0.9 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2 ( @entity8 ) repeated every 21 days; and (2) reduce late effects of treatment by reserving radiation therapy to the primary site for @entity0 not achieving a complete response (CR) to primary chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1984 and 1989, the MMT 84 study registered 34 @entity0 with nonmetastatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and other @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the orbit in this trial. RESULTS: The 4-year event-free survival rate is 62% +/- 9% (SD) and the 4-year survival rate 86% +/- 7% (SD). A total of 11 local recurrences occurred, 10 among 22 @entity0 treated without initial radiation. Salvage of local failure was achieved in nine of 11 @entity0 with the use of radiation and additional chemotherapy, but three later developed distant metastases and two have died. One isolated regional lymph node failure has occurred, while no @entity0 relapsed with isolated distant metastases. Six of 12 @entity0 who failed are alive with no evidence of disease from 16 to 50 months after relapse. The treatment was well tolerated in all @entity0 , except for one with @entity2 and one who died of @entity7 . Twelve @entity0 remain in first remission without the use of radiation to the @entity1 from 27 to 84 months. CONCLUSION: Despite a higher incidence of local recurrence when treated by primary chemotherapy, early survival rates were not compromised and a significant number of @entity0 avoided the late effects of radiation. However, longer follow-up is required to assess the ultimate outcome of @entity0 treated in this manner.

title: Primary chemotherapy in @entity5 and other XXXX of the orbit: results of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology MMT 84 Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity4 84 multicentric prospective trial of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) was designed to (1) test the effectiveness of @entity6 3 g/m2 on days 1 and 2, vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 on days 1 and 14, and @entity9 0.9 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2 ( @entity8 ) repeated every 21 days; and (2) reduce late effects of treatment by reserving radiation therapy to the primary site for @entity0 not achieving a complete response (CR) to primary chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1984 and 1989, the MMT 84 study registered 34 @entity0 with nonmetastatic @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and other @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the orbit in this trial. RESULTS: The 4-year event-free survival rate is 62% +/- 9% (SD) and the 4-year survival rate 86% +/- 7% (SD). A total of 11 local recurrences occurred, 10 among 22 @entity0 treated without initial radiation. Salvage of local failure was achieved in nine of 11 @entity0 with the use of radiation and additional chemotherapy, but three later developed distant metastases and two have died. One isolated regional lymph node failure has occurred, while no @entity0 relapsed with isolated distant metastases. Six of 12 @entity0 who failed are alive with no evidence of disease from 16 to 50 months after relapse. The treatment was well tolerated in all @entity0 , except for one with @entity2 and one who died of @entity7 . Twelve @entity0 remain in first remission without the use of radiation to the @entity1 from 27 to 84 months. CONCLUSION: Despite a higher incidence of local recurrence when treated by primary chemotherapy, early survival rates were not compromised and a significant number of @entity0 avoided the late effects of radiation. However, longer follow-up is required to assess the ultimate outcome of @entity0 treated in this manner.

title: Primary chemotherapy in XXXX and other @entity3 of the orbit: results of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology MMT 84 Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity6 (ET) is increased in plasma after @entity1 . Whether brief periods of @entity2 not leading to @entity1 also increase plasma ET is not known. The purpose of the present study was to examine cardiac ET balance in association with a 10-min LAD occlusion followed by reperfusion. Venous blood was selectively sampled from the transiently @entity0 myocardium using a shunt between the anterior interventricular vein and the right atrium in eight @entity5 -anesthetized @entity4 . Flow in the shunt was measured with a Doppler flow probe. Arterial blood was drawn from the aortic arch. Plasma ET was measured using an ET [1-21]-specific 125I assay system. This assay system has no cross-reactivity with big ET. A net cardiac ET uptake of 0.7 (0.3-1.4) fmol min-1 g-1 (median, 95% confidence interval) in the control period shifted to a net release during the first 10 min of reperfusion. The release reached a maximum of 2.8 (0.4-6.0) fmol min-1 g-1 after 1.5 min of reperfusion. Cardiac venous ET concentration increased from 3.4 (2.5-4.8) to 4.4 (3.6-6.9) and 4.4 (3.6-6.6) fmol ml-1 at 1.5 and 5 min of reperfusion, respectively (p < 0.001 for both). Arterial ET concentration decreased from 4.8 (3.9-6.1) to 2.7 (2.4-4.3) fmol ml-1 at 10 min of reperfusion (p < 0.001). ET is released from the porcine heart for several minutes during reperfusion after a brief @entity3 .

title: XXXX is released from the porcine coronary circulation after short-term @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 (ET) is increased in plasma after @entity1 . Whether brief periods of @entity2 not leading to @entity1 also increase plasma ET is not known. The purpose of the present study was to examine cardiac ET balance in association with a 10-min LAD occlusion followed by reperfusion. Venous blood was selectively sampled from the transiently @entity0 myocardium using a shunt between the anterior interventricular vein and the right atrium in eight @entity5 -anesthetized @entity4 . Flow in the shunt was measured with a Doppler flow probe. Arterial blood was drawn from the aortic arch. Plasma ET was measured using an ET [1-21]-specific 125I assay system. This assay system has no cross-reactivity with big ET. A net cardiac ET uptake of 0.7 (0.3-1.4) fmol min-1 g-1 (median, 95% confidence interval) in the control period shifted to a net release during the first 10 min of reperfusion. The release reached a maximum of 2.8 (0.4-6.0) fmol min-1 g-1 after 1.5 min of reperfusion. Cardiac venous ET concentration increased from 3.4 (2.5-4.8) to 4.4 (3.6-6.9) and 4.4 (3.6-6.6) fmol ml-1 at 1.5 and 5 min of reperfusion, respectively (p < 0.001 for both). Arterial ET concentration decreased from 4.8 (3.9-6.1) to 2.7 (2.4-4.3) fmol ml-1 at 10 min of reperfusion (p < 0.001). ET is released from the porcine heart for several minutes during reperfusion after a brief @entity3 .

title: @entity6 is released from the porcine coronary circulation after short-term XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a potent vasoconstrictor whose serum concentration increases with the development of @entity3 . Coronary artery-vein bypass grafts are susceptible to @entity5 and to the development of accelerated @entity3 . Although @entity7 is thought to play a role in @entity6 , the effect of @entity7 in atherosclerotic vein grafts is unknown. The responses of veins, arteries, and vein bypass grafts from normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic animals to @entity7 were therefore investigated. Vein bypass grafts were placed in the carotid position of 12 New Zealand White @entity0 . Seven were fed a 1% @entity1 diet for 4 weeks before surgery and thereafter until harvest ( @entity2 ), and five were fed a normal diet (normolipidemia). Vein grafts, contralateral common carotid arteries, and jugular veins were harvested 4 weeks after surgery. Whereas there were no histologic changes in veins or carotids, normolipidemic vein grafts developed intimal @entity4 and hyperlipidemic vein grafts developed @entity3 . Isometric tension studies with @entity7 (10(-12) to 10(-6) M) showed that @entity2 increased the maximal tension generated to @entity7 in the veins (660 +/- 80 to 1,110 +/- 140 mg, mean +/- SEM; p < 0.05), carotids (150 +/- 30 mg to 540 +/- 120 mg; p < 0.05), and vein grafts (180 +/- 20 to 450 +/- 60 mg; p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Endothelin and vein bypass grafts in experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of @entity5 in school-aged @entity0 and to determine the value of field spirometry. METHODS: Data on 313 1st and 4th graders from four public schools in Lisbon were analyzed. A respiratory self-answered questionnaire and standard spirometry were performed. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was followed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Thirty-five percent of the @entity0 presented at least one episode of wheezing (18% >=  2 episodes), and 4% had @entity2 . Wheezing was more frequent with family history of @entity1 (adjusted OR = 2.7; 95%CI 1.4-5.1), maternal smoking during pregnancy, @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (adjusted OR = 2.8; 95%CI 1.2-6.2), @entity7 (adjusted OR = 3.3; 95%CI 1.3-8.2), and @entity3 to aeroallergens (adjusted OR = 3.2; 95%CI 1.4-7.2). @entity2 was more frequent with previous history of @entity6 (adjusted OR = 14.6; 95%CI 1.7-122.9) and @entity3 to aeroallergens (adjusted OR = 8.2; 95%CI 2.0-34.2). Fifty-five percent of spirometry measurements met the acceptability criteria of the American @entity4 Society and of the European Respiratory Society. Wheezers presented mean lower z scores for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), ratio between FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEV1/FVC), and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% (FEF25-75) (p < 0.05), as well as higher percentage of abnormal FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75/ (FEF25-75, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study showed a high prevalence of obstructive airway symptoms in school-aged @entity0 in Lisbon. Symptoms assessed by the questionnaire showed good correlation with spirometric values. The small prevalence of @entity2 leads us to speculate that @entity2 is under-diagnosed in this population.

title: XXXX screening in school-aged @entity0 using portable spirometry.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of @entity5 in school-aged @entity0 and to determine the value of field spirometry. METHODS: Data on 313 1st and 4th graders from four public schools in Lisbon were analyzed. A respiratory self-answered questionnaire and standard spirometry were performed. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was followed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Thirty-five percent of the @entity0 presented at least one episode of wheezing (18% >=  2 episodes), and 4% had @entity2 . Wheezing was more frequent with family history of @entity1 (adjusted OR = 2.7; 95%CI 1.4-5.1), maternal smoking during pregnancy, @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (adjusted OR = 2.8; 95%CI 1.2-6.2), @entity7 (adjusted OR = 3.3; 95%CI 1.3-8.2), and @entity3 to aeroallergens (adjusted OR = 3.2; 95%CI 1.4-7.2). @entity2 was more frequent with previous history of @entity6 (adjusted OR = 14.6; 95%CI 1.7-122.9) and @entity3 to aeroallergens (adjusted OR = 8.2; 95%CI 2.0-34.2). Fifty-five percent of spirometry measurements met the acceptability criteria of the American @entity4 Society and of the European Respiratory Society. Wheezers presented mean lower z scores for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), ratio between FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEV1/FVC), and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% (FEF25-75) (p < 0.05), as well as higher percentage of abnormal FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75/ (FEF25-75, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study showed a high prevalence of obstructive airway symptoms in school-aged @entity0 in Lisbon. Symptoms assessed by the questionnaire showed good correlation with spirometric values. The small prevalence of @entity2 leads us to speculate that @entity2 is under-diagnosed in this population.

title: @entity5 screening in school-aged XXXX using portable spirometry.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of human @entity1 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). METHODS: We genotyped three SNPs ( @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity5 ). The primers were designed using Primer3 algorithm via primer-BLAST interface. PCR products were digested by using NlaIII, BmrI and TaqaI enzymes. Quality control was performed by DNA sequence analysis. RESULTS: In total, 207 @entity0 with @entity2 and 32 healthy controls were included in the study. The sensitivity and specificity of SNPs @entity3 and @entity5 in identifying @entity1 were identical and adequate at 0.946 and 1.000, respectively. On the other hand, the sensitivity and specificity for @entity4 was 0.878 and 0.934, respectively. The presence of another SNP ( @entity6 ) in close proximity to @entity3 complicated the analysis for RFLP and required that we sequence all the T allele carrying samples. CONCLUSION: The SNPs @entity3 and @entity5 may have a place in the identification of @entity1 in the Turkish population; however, methods other than PCR-RFLP should be considered.

title: Do major histocompatibility complex tag single nucleotide polymorphisms accurately identify XXXX in the Turkish population?

answer: @entity1


abstract: RATIONALE: The default mode network ( @entity0 ), one of several resting-state networks (RSN) in the brain, is thought to be involved in self-referential thought, awareness, and episodic memories. @entity1 improves cognitive performance, in part by improving attention. Nicotinic agonists have been shown to decrease activity in regions within @entity0 and increase activity in regions involved in visual attention during effortful processing of external stimuli. It is unknown if these pharmacological effects also occur in the absence of effortful processing. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine if @entity1 suppresses activity in default mode and enhances activity in extra-striate RSNs in the absence of an external visual task. METHODS: Within-subject, single-blinded, counterbalanced study of 19 non-smoking subjects who had resting functional MRI scans after 7 mg @entity1 or placebo patch. Group independent component analysis was performed. The @entity0 component was identified by spatial correlation with a reference @entity0 mask. A visual attention component was identified by spatial correlation with an extra-striate mask. Analyses were conducted using statistical parametric mapping. RESULTS: @entity1 was associated with decreased activity in regions within the @entity0 and increased activity in extra-striate regions. CONCLUSIONS: Suppression of @entity0 and enhancement of extra-striate resting-state activity in the absence of visual stimuli or effortful processing suggest that @entity1 's cognitive effects may involve a shift in activity from networks that process internal to those that process external information. This is a potential mechanism by which cholinergic agonists may have a beneficial effect in diseases associated with altered resting-state activity.

title: XXXX effects on default mode network during resting state.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Moxibustion, an acupuncture-like intervention, is increasingly used in the management of @entity3 . The aim of this review is to summarize and critically evaluate the trials testing effectiveness of moxibustion for major @entity3 . Fourteen databases were searched from their inception through May 2010, without language restriction. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were included if moxibustion was used as the sole treatment or as a part of a combination therapy with conventional drugs for @entity3 . Cochrane criteria were used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 14 @entity4 met our inclusion criteria. All were of low methodological quality. The meta-analysis of the eight @entity4 suggested favorable effects of moxibustion on the response rate compared with conventional drug therapy [n   =   631; relative risk (RR), 1.13; 95% confidence intervals (CIs), 1.02 to 1.26; P   =   0.02] with high heterogeneity (I (2)   =   58%). A subgroup analysis showed significant effects of moxibustion on the RR compared with drug therapy in @entity0 with @entity2 , whereas it failed to do so in @entity1 . The results of meta-analysis of the six @entity4 suggested favorable effects of moxibustion plus drug therapy on the response rate compared with conventional drug therapy alone (n   =   433; RR, 1.25; 95% CIs, 1.09 to 1.43; P   =   0.02) with high heterogeneity (I (2)   =   62%). This systematic review fails to provide conclusive evidence for the effectiveness of moxibustion compared with drug therapy in @entity3 . The total number of @entity4 included in this review and their methodological quality were low. These limitations make it difficult to draw firm conclusions.

title: Moxibustion for XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the function recovery and treatment effect of extended supraglottic orizontal-partial laryngectomy in the treatment of advanced @entity3 and @entity3 . METHOD: Forty-four @entity0 who received extended supraglottic orizontal partial laryngectomy were followed up on the survival, breath function, pronunciation and swallowing function. RESULT: The 2-year, 3-year survival rates of this group were 72.7% and 71.4%, respectively. There were no recurrence cases in this group. All cases of @entity4 were due to cervical lymph node @entity1 or recurrent cervical lymph node @entity1 after cervical lymph node dissection. The extractive rate of tracheostomy tube was 97.7%. Forty-two @entity0 own good pronunciations. Two @entity0 who received partial arytenoid cartilage resection own weaker pronunciations. After practising, all the @entity0 can eat without the nasal feeding tube. CONCLUSION: Extended supraglottic orizontalpartial laryngectomy give complete resection of the @entity2 . @entity0 who received extended supraglottic orizontalpartial laryngectomy have good breath, swallowing and pronunciation function.

title: [The application of extended supraglottic horizontal partial laryngectomy in advanced XXXX and @entity3 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the function recovery and treatment effect of extended supraglottic orizontal-partial laryngectomy in the treatment of advanced @entity3 and @entity3 . METHOD: Forty-four @entity0 who received extended supraglottic orizontal partial laryngectomy were followed up on the survival, breath function, pronunciation and swallowing function. RESULT: The 2-year, 3-year survival rates of this group were 72.7% and 71.4%, respectively. There were no recurrence cases in this group. All cases of @entity4 were due to cervical lymph node @entity1 or recurrent cervical lymph node @entity1 after cervical lymph node dissection. The extractive rate of tracheostomy tube was 97.7%. Forty-two @entity0 own good pronunciations. Two @entity0 who received partial arytenoid cartilage resection own weaker pronunciations. After practising, all the @entity0 can eat without the nasal feeding tube. CONCLUSION: Extended supraglottic orizontalpartial laryngectomy give complete resection of the @entity2 . @entity0 who received extended supraglottic orizontalpartial laryngectomy have good breath, swallowing and pronunciation function.

title: [The application of extended supraglottic horizontal partial laryngectomy in advanced @entity3 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the sublingual immunotherapy with @entity3 drops on @entity0 with @entity1 . METHOD: One hundred and twelve cases were collected from adult @entity0 with dust-mite @entity1 of our hospital who could adhere to treatment and regular follow-up. These @entity0 were randomly allocated to receive either sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT group, n = 56) or medical treatment (Control group, n = 56). To evaluate the clinical efficacy by side effects which were registered, symptom and medication scores which were assessed and @entity2 quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) which was completed in the baseline and two years after treatment. RESULT: Dropouts after the 2 years' treatment were 5 of SLIT group and 4 of Control group respectively. SLIT group induced the significant reductions on both the symptom scores (7.81    3.14 to 3.89    2.01, P < 0.0 1) and the medication scores (2.86    0.75 to 0.44    0.06, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, Control group induced the reductions on both the symptom scores (8.01    3.32 to 5.20    2.43) and the medication scores (2.95    0.80 to 1.75    0.40). There were significant differences (P< 0. 01) in symptom and medication scores between the two groups after 2-year treatment. The @entity0 in SLIT group had fewer symptoms and lower intake of medication. There were statistically significant differences in RQLQ between SLIT group [19 (15,22)] and Control group [36 (26,47)] after two years treatment (Z = -5. 21, P < 0.01). SLIT group also had significant improvement in RQLQ (Z = -6.10, P < 0.01) between before and after the treatment. There were 4 @entity0 who showed adverse reactions in SLIT group (3 occurred in increment period, and 1 occurred in the maintenance period). The incidence of adverse reactions was 7.14%. No severe systemic side effects were registered. CONCLUSION: SLIT with standardized @entity3 drops in China is safe and effective to @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: [Study on the efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy with standardized @entity3 drops for XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the sublingual immunotherapy with @entity3 drops on @entity0 with @entity1 . METHOD: One hundred and twelve cases were collected from adult @entity0 with dust-mite @entity1 of our hospital who could adhere to treatment and regular follow-up. These @entity0 were randomly allocated to receive either sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT group, n = 56) or medical treatment (Control group, n = 56). To evaluate the clinical efficacy by side effects which were registered, symptom and medication scores which were assessed and @entity2 quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) which was completed in the baseline and two years after treatment. RESULT: Dropouts after the 2 years' treatment were 5 of SLIT group and 4 of Control group respectively. SLIT group induced the significant reductions on both the symptom scores (7.81    3.14 to 3.89    2.01, P < 0.0 1) and the medication scores (2.86    0.75 to 0.44    0.06, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, Control group induced the reductions on both the symptom scores (8.01    3.32 to 5.20    2.43) and the medication scores (2.95    0.80 to 1.75    0.40). There were significant differences (P< 0. 01) in symptom and medication scores between the two groups after 2-year treatment. The @entity0 in SLIT group had fewer symptoms and lower intake of medication. There were statistically significant differences in RQLQ between SLIT group [19 (15,22)] and Control group [36 (26,47)] after two years treatment (Z = -5. 21, P < 0.01). SLIT group also had significant improvement in RQLQ (Z = -6.10, P < 0.01) between before and after the treatment. There were 4 @entity0 who showed adverse reactions in SLIT group (3 occurred in increment period, and 1 occurred in the maintenance period). The incidence of adverse reactions was 7.14%. No severe systemic side effects were registered. CONCLUSION: SLIT with standardized @entity3 drops in China is safe and effective to @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: [Study on the efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy with standardized XXXX drops for @entity1 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metamemory describes the monitoring and knowledge about one's memory capabilities. @entity0 with @entity2 have been found to be less able in differentiating between correct and false answers (smaller confidence gap) when asked to provide retrospective confidence ratings in previous studies. Furthermore, higher proportions of very-high-confident but false responses have been found in this @entity0 group (high knowledge corruption). Whether and how these biases contribute to the early pathogenesis of @entity3 is yet unclear. This study thus aimed at investigating metamemory function in the early course of @entity3 . METHOD: @entity0 in an at-risk mental state for @entity3 (ARMS, n = 34), @entity0 with a first episode of @entity3 (FEP, n = 21) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 38) were compared on a verbal recognition task combined with retrospective confidence-level ratings. RESULTS: FEP @entity0 showed the smallest confidence gap, followed by ARMS @entity0 , followed by HCs. All groups differed significantly from each other. Regarding knowledge corruption, FEP @entity0 differed significantly from HCs, whereas a statistical trend was revealed in comparison of ARMS and FEP groups. Correlations were revealed between metamemory, measures of positive symptoms and working memory performance. CONCLUSIONS: These data underline the presence of a metamemory bias in ARMS @entity0 which is even more pronounced in FEP @entity0 . The bias might represent an early cognitive marker of the beginning @entity3 state. Longitudinal studies are needed to unravel whether @entity1 predict the transition to @entity3 and to evaluate therapeutic interventions.

title: Investigation of metamemory functioning in the at-risk mental state for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 complex (MAC) is a ubiquitous pathogen, widely distributed in the environment including water, soil and animals. It is an uncommonly encountered clinical pathogen; primarily causing @entity3 in @entity0 with underlying @entity3 or disseminated disease in immunocompromised hosts. Sporadically, extra- @entity3 have been documented including involvement of the liver, spleen, skin, soft tissue and lymph nodes. @entity12 due to MAC are exceedingly rare and carry a poor prognosis. Additionally, such infections are largely reported in @entity0 infected with @entity5 . Herein we report the first case of @entity7 due to MAC in an immunocompetent @entity0 with a normal @entity4 count and negative @entity5 status. CASE PRESENTATION: A previously healthy 40-year-old male presented to us with progressively worsening CNS symptoms. The @entity0 's presentation was uncharacteristic of @entity13 in immunocompetent hosts, as he developed subacute, progressive symptoms that included severe @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity6 , without any pulmonary or systemic manifestations. Neuroimaging revealed multiple ring-enhancing lesions, which required neurosurgical intervention. MAC was the only pathogen that grew from intraoperative tissue cultures. The @entity0 was subsequently treated with a 12-month regimen consisting of @entity11 , @entity10 , and @entity8 , with successful clinical resolution. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that it is important to consider rare infections such as MAC in immunocompetent @entity0 , regardless of atypical symptoms. Despite the severity of this infection, with timely diagnosis effective treatment is available.

title: XXXX due to @entity9 complex in an immunocompetent host: a case report.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 complex (MAC) is a ubiquitous pathogen, widely distributed in the environment including water, soil and animals. It is an uncommonly encountered clinical pathogen; primarily causing @entity3 in @entity0 with underlying @entity3 or disseminated disease in immunocompromised hosts. Sporadically, extra- @entity3 have been documented including involvement of the liver, spleen, skin, soft tissue and lymph nodes. @entity12 due to MAC are exceedingly rare and carry a poor prognosis. Additionally, such infections are largely reported in @entity0 infected with @entity5 . Herein we report the first case of @entity7 due to MAC in an immunocompetent @entity0 with a normal @entity4 count and negative @entity5 status. CASE PRESENTATION: A previously healthy 40-year-old male presented to us with progressively worsening CNS symptoms. The @entity0 's presentation was uncharacteristic of @entity13 in immunocompetent hosts, as he developed subacute, progressive symptoms that included severe @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity6 , without any pulmonary or systemic manifestations. Neuroimaging revealed multiple ring-enhancing lesions, which required neurosurgical intervention. MAC was the only pathogen that grew from intraoperative tissue cultures. The @entity0 was subsequently treated with a 12-month regimen consisting of @entity11 , @entity10 , and @entity8 , with successful clinical resolution. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that it is important to consider rare infections such as MAC in immunocompetent @entity0 , regardless of atypical symptoms. Despite the severity of this infection, with timely diagnosis effective treatment is available.

title: @entity7 due to XXXX complex in an immunocompetent host: a case report.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic transcutaneous inguinal @entity3 repair in @entity0 may reduce @entity1 , improve cosmesis, allow for less manipulation of the cord structures, and offer easy access to the contralateral groin. However, there is concern for unacceptably high recurrence rates when the procedure is generalized. To address this increase in recurrence, in 2011 we described in this journal a modification of the laparoscopic transcutaneous technique that replicates high transfixation ligature of the @entity3 sac with the aim of inducing more secure healing, preventing @entity6 , and distributing tension across two suture passes. We now describe our long-term follow-up of this novel repair. METHODS: After obtaining IRB approval, a retrospective chart review and phone follow-up were performed on all @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic transfixation ligature @entity3 repair between October 2009 and August 2014 (including further follow-up of the 21 @entity0 reviewed in the 2011 report of this technique). Data collection included demographics, laterality of @entity3 , evidence of recurrence, complications, and time to follow-up. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 24 months (range 2-52 months). Three pediatric surgeons performed 216 laparoscopic transfixation ligature repairs on 166 @entity0 . DEMOGRAPHICS: mean age 29.5 months (range 1-192 months); male 67.2% and female 32.8%; 4.2% of @entity0 were premature at operation. Repairs were bilateral in 42% of @entity0 , right sided in 34%, and left sided in 24%. Three @entity0 together experienced 4 recurrences, for an overall recurrence rate of 1.8%. Two of the recurrences occurred in @entity5 @entity0 with severe @entity2 who recurred twice after laparoscopic transfixation ligature repair then subsequently failed an attempt at open repair. Excluding this one outlier @entity0 , the recurrence rate was 0.9%. The complication rate was 1.7% (3 hydroceles and 1 inguinal @entity4 ; all resolved spontaneously). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic high transfixation ligature @entity3 repair can be adopted by surgeons with basic laparoscopic skills, and result in excellent outcomes with acceptable recurrence rates.

title: Long-term follow-up of laparoscopic transcutaneous inguinal herniorraphy with high transfixation suture ligature of the XXXX sac.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have examined the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) protein gene expression in euthyroid and @entity2 @entity0 . @entity4 mRNA levels were estimated by northern blot analysis of total RNA from brown adipose tissue (BAT). Stimuli were endogenous (cold) and exogenous @entity1 (NE), @entity3 , T3, and T4. While the euthyroid @entity0 @entity4 mRNA levels increase 2- to 3-fold by 2 h after NE or overnight cold exposure, these stimuli and @entity3 are ineffective in @entity2 @entity0 . One single dose of T4, equal to the daily production rate, brings about a normal response in @entity2 @entity0 exposed to cold overnight. @entity2 @entity0 recover their responsiveness to NE approximately 4 h after a receptor saturating dose of T3. On the other hand, such a dose of T3 induces a 3- to 4-fold increase in @entity4 mRNA levels in @entity2 @entity0 without the need of exogenous NE, and this response is not reduced by raising ambient temperature to thermoneutrality (28 C). However, the following evidence indicates that T3 requires adrenergic input to stimulate the accumulation of @entity4 mRNA: first, euthyroid animals maintained at 28 C do not respond to such a treatment. Second, when T3 was injected to @entity2 @entity0 with unilaterally denervated BAT, only the intact side responded to T3 with an elevation of the @entity4 mRNA levels, but both sides remained responsive to T3 + NE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Full expression of @entity4 protein gene requires the concurrence of XXXX and triiodothyronine.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have examined the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) protein gene expression in euthyroid and @entity2 @entity0 . @entity4 mRNA levels were estimated by northern blot analysis of total RNA from brown adipose tissue (BAT). Stimuli were endogenous (cold) and exogenous @entity1 (NE), @entity3 , T3, and T4. While the euthyroid @entity0 @entity4 mRNA levels increase 2- to 3-fold by 2 h after NE or overnight cold exposure, these stimuli and @entity3 are ineffective in @entity2 @entity0 . One single dose of T4, equal to the daily production rate, brings about a normal response in @entity2 @entity0 exposed to cold overnight. @entity2 @entity0 recover their responsiveness to NE approximately 4 h after a receptor saturating dose of T3. On the other hand, such a dose of T3 induces a 3- to 4-fold increase in @entity4 mRNA levels in @entity2 @entity0 without the need of exogenous NE, and this response is not reduced by raising ambient temperature to thermoneutrality (28 C). However, the following evidence indicates that T3 requires adrenergic input to stimulate the accumulation of @entity4 mRNA: first, euthyroid animals maintained at 28 C do not respond to such a treatment. Second, when T3 was injected to @entity2 @entity0 with unilaterally denervated BAT, only the intact side responded to T3 with an elevation of the @entity4 mRNA levels, but both sides remained responsive to T3 + NE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Full expression of XXXX protein gene requires the concurrence of @entity1 and triiodothyronine.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The object of this study was to determine whether the immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratin (CK)-positive cells is useful as quick section diagnosis, and whether the retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RLA) can be reduced by this method without any disadvantage for the @entity0 . The RLA represents a combined diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for staging as well as removal of regional lymph node @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 . The disadvantage of the radical RLA is a 40 to 90% loss of potency. The risk of the reduced RLA is the relapse. The metastatic affection of the first retroperitoneal lymph node station, the so-called "sentinale" lymph nodes, allows a judgement for the remaining lymph nodes, and, therefore, for the extent of the necessary operation. The conventional frozen technique has a limited reliability, whereas the paraffin technique needs too much time. We used the immunohistochemistry as alternative method for the rapid as well as reliable evaluation of @entity1 . A group (7 cases) of 35 @entity0 with @entity2 of the testis was only treated by radical RLA after detection of CK-positive cells in the sentinale lymph nodes. The other @entity0 were treated by modified RLA (20 cases) or reduced RLA (6 cases). The results were compared with a control group (48 cases) which was treated by radical RLA only. Using the modified RLA the relapse-free interval was not affected and the loss of ejaculation as a consequence of radical treatment could be avoided.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunohistological detection of lymph node XXXX in the testicular center as quick section diagnosis during retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. The influence of perfusion pressure on flow distribution in the left ventricular wall was investigated with a newly developed microsphere method in Langendorff preparations of the @entity1 heart. 2. Microspheres with a diameter of 10 microns stained with the fluorescent dye yellow-green were infused into the perfusion medium. The hearts were then relaxed with a @entity3 -chelator, fixed with @entity2 and cut transversally with a freezing microtome. Photographs were taken of the 52 microns slices with a fluorescence photomacroscope. The ventricular wall was subdivided into four zones, evaluated planimetrically and the beads were counted for calculation of microsphere density. 3. Perfusion of groups of hearts, paced at 5 Hz, with Tyrode's solution at pressures of 30, 50, 80 or 120 cm @entity4 for 30 min revealed an increase of left ventricular pressure amplitude, coronary flow, myocardial @entity0 consumption and flow redistribution towards the endocardium of the left ventricular wall with increasing perfusion pressure. 4. The quotient of the sphere densities in the inner endocardium over that in the outer epicardium, however, was already maximal at a pressure of 80 cm @entity4 and amounted to 1.59 +/- 0.15. This quotient was only 0.52 +/- 0.11 at a perfusion pressure of 30 cm @entity4 , thus indicating massive change in flow distribution upon hypoperfusion. 5. These results indicate that transmural left ventricular flow redistribution in response to hypoperfusion in the isolated @entity1 heart is similar to that in hearts of much larger species.

title: Perfusion pressure and transmural flow distribution in the left ventricles of isolated XXXX hearts.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A microanalysis of hunger-driven and palatability-driven feeding was carried out after @entity5 -mediated inactivation of two frontal regions in @entity0 , the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Food and water intake, feeding microstructure, and general motor activity were measured under two motivational conditions: food-deprived @entity0 given standard chow or ad libitum-fed @entity0 given a palatable @entity6 shake. @entity5 infusions into the @entity2 diminished intake, total feeding duration, and average feeding bout duration for the palatable-food condition only but failed to alter exploratory-like behavior (ambulation or rearing). In contrast, intra-vmPFC @entity5 infusions did not alter the overall intake of chow or @entity6 shake. However, these infusions markedly increased mean feeding bout duration for both food types and produced a modest but significant reduction of exploratory-like behavior. The lengthening of feeding-bout duration and reduction in rearing were mimicked by intra-vmPFC blockade of @entity1 -type but not @entity4 -type @entity3 receptors. Neither water consumption nor the microstructure of water drinking was affected by inactivation of either site. These results indicate a regional heterogeneity in frontal control of feeding behavior. Neural processing in @entity2 supports palatability-driven feeding but is not necessary for intake of a standard food under a food-restriction condition, whereas ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and @entity1 signaling therein, modulates the duration of individual feeding bouts regardless of motivational context. Results are discussed in the context of regionally heterogeneous frontal modulation of two distinct components of feeding behavior: reward valuation based upon taste perception ( @entity2 ) vs switching between ingestive and non-ingestive (eg, exploratory-like) behavioral repertoires (vmPFC).

title: GABA-Mediated Inactivation of Medial Prefrontal and Agranular Insular Cortex in the XXXX : Contrasting Effects on Hunger- and Palatability-Driven Feeding.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of the present investigation was to find out if a compound injected into the spinal subarachnoid space, after having entered ventral and dorsal nerve roots, can be traced to the @entity1 . This would indicate a centrifugal movement of substances from the cerebrospinal fluid along nerves; one route of drainage of cerebrospinal fluid which in the past has been widely discussed. In vivo studies were made using Evans blue-albumin and @entity3 as tracers. Evans blue-albumin is macromolecular in size and emits a red fluorescence after exposure to ultraviolet light. @entity2 ions are small and easily visible in the electron microscope. The tracers were injected into the cervical subarachnoid space and 15 min to 24 h later samples from roots, dorsal root @entity0 , proximal part of spinal nerves and the median nerves were taken and further processed for detection of tracers. Fluorescence microscopy from samples removed 15 min and 24 h after the injection of Evans blue-albumin showed a red fluorescence of low intensity in the endoneurium of nerve roots, @entity0 and proximal spinal nerve. After 24 h also the median nerve elicited some fluorescence. The sheaths around these structures were also fluorescent. @entity2 was detected between cell layers of the nerve root sheath as well as inside the nerve root parenchyma. In about 50% of the samples from dorsal root @entity0 extracellular @entity2 was found in the capsule. The tracer was also found in the epineurium of 50% of the spinal nerves and occasionally in the perineurium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Drainage of molecules from subarachnoid space to spinal nerve roots and peripheral nerve of the rat. A study based on Evans blue-albumin and XXXX as tracers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of childhood environment including exposure to infection via siblings and pets in @entity2 ( @entity1 ) and @entity4 is relatively unknown. We assessed proxy measures of microbial exposure in early childhood to assess if these are associated with @entity1 and functional @entity4 in later life. METHODS: @entity0 (n  =  767, response rate  =  53%) were a random population sample from Sydney, Australia who previously responded to a validated survey. @entity1 and functional @entity4 were defined using Rome III criteria. Early environmental risk factors assessed included type of birth delivery, premature birth, breastfeeding, bedroom sharing, and pet exposure (the latter two then combined as early hygiene factors) up to 5  years of age. Post infectious @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was assessed by development of @entity1 following @entity3 . KEY RESULTS: In this sample, in adult life 17% developed @entity1 (of which 20% had @entity1 ) and 12% functional @entity4 . Development of @entity1 was associated with childhood factors-a shorter duration of breastfeeding (odds ratios [OR]  =  0.87, 95% CI: 0.78-0.97, p  =  0.01), sharing a bedroom (OR  =  1.89, 95% CI: 1.73-3.08, p  =  0.01), exposure to a herbivore pet (OR  =  1.65 (1.10, 2.48), p  =  0.02), and hygiene factors (OR  =  4.39; 95% CI: 1.89-10.21, p  =  0.001). The sole factor associated with functional @entity4 was exposure to a herbivore pet (1.79; 95% CI: 1.19-2.87, p  =  0.02). CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: Childhood environment factors, particularly bedroom sharing and pet exposure, combined with subsequent risk of microbial exposure are a risk factor for @entity1 in later life. These associations however need confirmation to rule out any risk of a type I error.

title: Identification of early environmental risk factors for XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of childhood environment including exposure to infection via siblings and pets in @entity2 ( @entity1 ) and @entity4 is relatively unknown. We assessed proxy measures of microbial exposure in early childhood to assess if these are associated with @entity1 and functional @entity4 in later life. METHODS: @entity0 (n  =  767, response rate  =  53%) were a random population sample from Sydney, Australia who previously responded to a validated survey. @entity1 and functional @entity4 were defined using Rome III criteria. Early environmental risk factors assessed included type of birth delivery, premature birth, breastfeeding, bedroom sharing, and pet exposure (the latter two then combined as early hygiene factors) up to 5  years of age. Post infectious @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was assessed by development of @entity1 following @entity3 . KEY RESULTS: In this sample, in adult life 17% developed @entity1 (of which 20% had @entity1 ) and 12% functional @entity4 . Development of @entity1 was associated with childhood factors-a shorter duration of breastfeeding (odds ratios [OR]  =  0.87, 95% CI: 0.78-0.97, p  =  0.01), sharing a bedroom (OR  =  1.89, 95% CI: 1.73-3.08, p  =  0.01), exposure to a herbivore pet (OR  =  1.65 (1.10, 2.48), p  =  0.02), and hygiene factors (OR  =  4.39; 95% CI: 1.89-10.21, p  =  0.001). The sole factor associated with functional @entity4 was exposure to a herbivore pet (1.79; 95% CI: 1.19-2.87, p  =  0.02). CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: Childhood environment factors, particularly bedroom sharing and pet exposure, combined with subsequent risk of microbial exposure are a risk factor for @entity1 in later life. These associations however need confirmation to rule out any risk of a type I error.

title: Identification of early environmental risk factors for @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Pulmonary immaturity, @entity3 exposure that elicits cellular damage by free radicals, and @entity12 induced by mechanical ventilation are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity8 . In the adult counterpart of adult @entity6 , @entity2 characterizes a histopathological sequence of lung findings that can occur during the disease course. Although adult @entity6 has many etiologies, elevated @entity3 exposure is known to be a contributor to the ensuing @entity7 . In @entity8 , @entity3 exposure is thought to be a primary agent of injury. The evolution of the histopathological findings in the premature @entity9 model of @entity11 / @entity8 was investigated in this study and compared to that in @entity3 -treated adult @entity10 with adult @entity6 . Findings from lung specimens of 121 prematurely delivered @entity10 at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3-6, 7-11+ days after delivery document that the premature lung has a delayed and more blunted exudative response when compared to that of @entity0 and @entity9 adults. Saccular @entity1 , not hyaline membranes, is the dominant histopathological finding in the exudative phase of @entity2 and occurs later (7-11 days) in @entity0 lungs when compared to comparably treated adult lungs in which maximal exudative changes are seen at 3-6 days. The reparative response in the premature @entity9 is characterized by saccular wall thickening and @entity5 , with less intramural organization of exudate in saccular/alveolar spaces when compared to adults. The airway changes in the premature are more severe than those seen in @entity4 . These findings indicate that @entity2 does occur in the immature lung albeit with differing characteristics when contrasted to comparably injured adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in the evolution of @entity8 in the @entity9 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Pulmonary immaturity, @entity3 exposure that elicits cellular damage by free radicals, and @entity12 induced by mechanical ventilation are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity8 . In the adult counterpart of adult @entity6 , @entity2 characterizes a histopathological sequence of lung findings that can occur during the disease course. Although adult @entity6 has many etiologies, elevated @entity3 exposure is known to be a contributor to the ensuing @entity7 . In @entity8 , @entity3 exposure is thought to be a primary agent of injury. The evolution of the histopathological findings in the premature @entity9 model of @entity11 / @entity8 was investigated in this study and compared to that in @entity3 -treated adult @entity10 with adult @entity6 . Findings from lung specimens of 121 prematurely delivered @entity10 at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3-6, 7-11+ days after delivery document that the premature lung has a delayed and more blunted exudative response when compared to that of @entity0 and @entity9 adults. Saccular @entity1 , not hyaline membranes, is the dominant histopathological finding in the exudative phase of @entity2 and occurs later (7-11 days) in @entity0 lungs when compared to comparably treated adult lungs in which maximal exudative changes are seen at 3-6 days. The reparative response in the premature @entity9 is characterized by saccular wall thickening and @entity5 , with less intramural organization of exudate in saccular/alveolar spaces when compared to adults. The airway changes in the premature are more severe than those seen in @entity4 . These findings indicate that @entity2 does occur in the immature lung albeit with differing characteristics when contrasted to comparably injured adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity2 in the evolution of @entity8 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Pulmonary immaturity, @entity3 exposure that elicits cellular damage by free radicals, and @entity12 induced by mechanical ventilation are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity8 . In the adult counterpart of adult @entity6 , @entity2 characterizes a histopathological sequence of lung findings that can occur during the disease course. Although adult @entity6 has many etiologies, elevated @entity3 exposure is known to be a contributor to the ensuing @entity7 . In @entity8 , @entity3 exposure is thought to be a primary agent of injury. The evolution of the histopathological findings in the premature @entity9 model of @entity11 / @entity8 was investigated in this study and compared to that in @entity3 -treated adult @entity10 with adult @entity6 . Findings from lung specimens of 121 prematurely delivered @entity10 at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3-6, 7-11+ days after delivery document that the premature lung has a delayed and more blunted exudative response when compared to that of @entity0 and @entity9 adults. Saccular @entity1 , not hyaline membranes, is the dominant histopathological finding in the exudative phase of @entity2 and occurs later (7-11 days) in @entity0 lungs when compared to comparably treated adult lungs in which maximal exudative changes are seen at 3-6 days. The reparative response in the premature @entity9 is characterized by saccular wall thickening and @entity5 , with less intramural organization of exudate in saccular/alveolar spaces when compared to adults. The airway changes in the premature are more severe than those seen in @entity4 . These findings indicate that @entity2 does occur in the immature lung albeit with differing characteristics when contrasted to comparably injured adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity2 in the evolution of XXXX in the @entity9 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Repeatable head immobilization is important for minimizing positioning error during radiation therapy for veterinary @entity0 with @entity2 . The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to describe a novel technique for head immobilization (Device II) and compare this technique with a previously described technique (Device I). Device II provided additional support by incorporating three teeth (vs. two teeth with Device I). Between 2011 and 2013, both devices were applied in clinically affected @entity4 (Device I, n = 17; Device II, n = 11) and @entity3 (Device I, n = 85; Device II, n = 22) of various breeds and sizes. The following data were recorded for each included @entity0 : variability in the angle of the skull (roll, yaw, and pitch), coordinates of the isocenter, and distance from the reference mark to the @entity1 . Devices I and II differed for skull angle variability during the treatment of @entity3 (roll, P = 0.0007; yaw, P = 0.0018; pitch, P = 0.0384) and for yaw of during the treatment of @entity4 (P < 0.0001). In each case, Device II was superior to Device I. The distance from the reference mark to the center of the @entity1 was significantly decreased for Device II vs. Device I ( @entity3 , P < 0.0001; @entity4 , P = 0.0002). Device II also provided more accurate coordinates for the isocenter. Authors recommend the use of, Device II for future clinical @entity0 .

title: A NOVEL SUPPORT DEVICE FOR HEAD IMMOBILIZATION DURING RADIATION THERAPY THAT IS APPLICABLE TO BOTH XXXX AND @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Repeatable head immobilization is important for minimizing positioning error during radiation therapy for veterinary @entity0 with @entity2 . The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to describe a novel technique for head immobilization (Device II) and compare this technique with a previously described technique (Device I). Device II provided additional support by incorporating three teeth (vs. two teeth with Device I). Between 2011 and 2013, both devices were applied in clinically affected @entity4 (Device I, n = 17; Device II, n = 11) and @entity3 (Device I, n = 85; Device II, n = 22) of various breeds and sizes. The following data were recorded for each included @entity0 : variability in the angle of the skull (roll, yaw, and pitch), coordinates of the isocenter, and distance from the reference mark to the @entity1 . Devices I and II differed for skull angle variability during the treatment of @entity3 (roll, P = 0.0007; yaw, P = 0.0018; pitch, P = 0.0384) and for yaw of during the treatment of @entity4 (P < 0.0001). In each case, Device II was superior to Device I. The distance from the reference mark to the center of the @entity1 was significantly decreased for Device II vs. Device I ( @entity3 , P < 0.0001; @entity4 , P = 0.0002). Device II also provided more accurate coordinates for the isocenter. Authors recommend the use of, Device II for future clinical @entity0 .

title: A NOVEL SUPPORT DEVICE FOR HEAD IMMOBILIZATION DURING RADIATION THERAPY THAT IS APPLICABLE TO BOTH @entity4 AND XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Marburg @entity3 is a lethal @entity8 for which no licensed vaccines or therapeutics are available. Development of appropriate medical countermeasures requires a thorough understanding of the interaction between the host and the pathogen and the resulting disease course. In this study, 15 @entity5 were sequentially sacrificed following aerosol exposure to the @entity10 , with longitudinal changes in physiology, immunology, and histopathology used to assess disease progression. Immunohistochemical evidence of @entity0 and resulting histopathological changes were identified as early as day 3 postexposure (p.e.). The appearance of fever in infected animals coincided with the detection of serum @entity2 and plasma viral genomes on day 4 p.e. High (>10(7) PFU/ml) viral loads were detected in all major organs (lung, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, etc.) beginning day 6 p.e. Clinical pathology findings @entity4 , @entity1 , and profound liver destruction as indicated by elevated liver transaminases, @entity6 , and @entity7 . Altered cytokine expression in response to @entity0 included early increases in Th2 cytokines such as @entity13 ( @entity13 ) and @entity14 and late-stage increases in Th1 cytokines such as @entity9 , @entity11 , and @entity12 ( @entity12 ). This study provides a longitudinal examination of clinical disease of aerosol MARV @entity0 in the @entity5 model. IMPORTANCE: In this study, we carefully analyzed the timeline of Marburg virus @entity0 in nonhuman primates in order to provide a well-characterized model of disease progression following aerosol exposure.

title: Temporal Characterization of Marburg XXXX following Aerosol Challenge in @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Marburg @entity3 is a lethal @entity8 for which no licensed vaccines or therapeutics are available. Development of appropriate medical countermeasures requires a thorough understanding of the interaction between the host and the pathogen and the resulting disease course. In this study, 15 @entity5 were sequentially sacrificed following aerosol exposure to the @entity10 , with longitudinal changes in physiology, immunology, and histopathology used to assess disease progression. Immunohistochemical evidence of @entity0 and resulting histopathological changes were identified as early as day 3 postexposure (p.e.). The appearance of fever in infected animals coincided with the detection of serum @entity2 and plasma viral genomes on day 4 p.e. High (>10(7) PFU/ml) viral loads were detected in all major organs (lung, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, etc.) beginning day 6 p.e. Clinical pathology findings @entity4 , @entity1 , and profound liver destruction as indicated by elevated liver transaminases, @entity6 , and @entity7 . Altered cytokine expression in response to @entity0 included early increases in Th2 cytokines such as @entity13 ( @entity13 ) and @entity14 and late-stage increases in Th1 cytokines such as @entity9 , @entity11 , and @entity12 ( @entity12 ). This study provides a longitudinal examination of clinical disease of aerosol MARV @entity0 in the @entity5 model. IMPORTANCE: In this study, we carefully analyzed the timeline of Marburg virus @entity0 in nonhuman primates in order to provide a well-characterized model of disease progression following aerosol exposure.

title: Temporal Characterization of Marburg @entity3 following Aerosol Challenge in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Between January 1990 and February 1993, 73 @entity0 underwent first-stage reconstruction for @entity3 at the University of Michigan Medical Center. During this period, surgical reconstruction remained essentially constant and consisted of a pulmonary artery-to-aorta anastomosis with allograft augmentation of the ascending, transverse, and proximal descending aorta, restriction of pulmonary blood flow with a @entity2 shunt from the innominate artery to the central pulmonary artery confluence, and atrial septectomy. Hospital survival was 62 of 73 @entity0 , 85% (70% confidence limits: 80% to 89%). These results stand in marked contrast to those obtained during the earlier years of our experience from 1986 to 1989 when only 21 of 50 @entity0 (42%, 70% confidence limits: 35% to 49%) survived (p = 0.001). Among the most recent group of @entity0 , only 2 of 7 @entity0 older than 1 month of age at operation survived, whereas 60 of 66 (91%, 70% confidence limits: 87% to 94%) @entity0 younger than 1 month of age survived (p = 0.0001). Anatomic subtype and ascending aortic diameter were not predictive of survival. Actuarial survivals for those @entity0 younger than 1 month of age at the first-stage operation, including hospital @entity1 and subsequent operative procedures, were 81%, 74%, and 74% at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively. These results indicate that survival for @entity0 after first-stage reconstruction for @entity3 has significantly improved in recent years. Older age was a strong risk factor, with a hospital survival of 91% for those @entity0 undergoing first-stage palliation within the first month of life. These data have important implications for the type of operative intervention and its timing.

title: Improving results with first-stage palliation for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The causative agent of @entity4 , @entity3 , occurs in two main biovars, the highly virulent F. t. biovar tularensis, found in North America; and the less virulent biovar palaearctica, found all over the northern hemisphere. Two other biovars have been proposed, F. t. biovar mediaasiatica and F. t. biovar palaearctica var. japonica. In Sweden @entity4 is most frequently observed in @entity0 and varying hares (Lepus timidus), and occasionally in other species. @entity4 in hares is normally an acute fatal disease, although less fatal @entity2 have been reported. The diagnosis of @entity4 is routinely based on immunological reactions. We studied 10 different isolates of @entity3 from varying hares, one isolate from an Ural owl (Strix uralensis), one vaccine strain, one strain of F. @entity5 , and six isolates from a virulence study of @entity3 , by biochemical tests and by hybridization experiments with probes complementary to 16S rRNA. All isolates, except the isolate F. @entity5 , were characterized as F. t. biovar palaearctica by biochemical tests. In the 16S rRNA analysis all isolates were positive to the probe for @entity3 and the probe for F. t. biovar palaearctica with the exception that F. @entity5 reacted with the probe specific to F. t. biovar tularensis. To further confirm that the strains used belonged to F. t. biovar palaearctica virulence tests in @entity1 were performed which disclosed this phenotype. The results presented in this work show that the isolated strains from the western part of Europe were F. t. biovar palaearctica, irrespective of animal origin or virulence.

title: Identification and classification of different isolates of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We studied 4 @entity0 with progressive @entity1 ( @entity2 ; @entity2 ). Somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs), auditory evoked fields (AEFs), and spontaneous activity over the somatomotor cortex were recorded with a 24-channel SQUID gradiometer. All @entity0 had "giant" 20-45 msec median nerve SEFs at the first somatomotor cortex, with 2-6 times larger amplitudes than the healthy control subjects. Later deflections were not similarly enhanced. The dependence of @entity3 amplitudes on interstimulus interval (0.2-4 sec) and on successive ulnar-median nerve stimulation (stimulus interval 40 msec) was comparable to that in controls. Cortical AEFs were attenuated and delayed. In 3 @entity0 , the spontaneous activity consisted of 6-8 Hz mu rhythm, which originated within 2 cm from the sources of SEFs and was abolished by clenching of the contralateral fist. Control subjects had major spectral peaks around 10 and 20 Hz. The @entity3 amplitudes and the strength of the 6-10 Hz mu correlated strongly, suggesting that some components of evoked and spontaneous activity obtain contributions from overlapping neuronal populations. The results imply that @entity2 is associated with thalamo-cortical hyperreactivity in the sensorimotor but not in the auditory system.

title: Cortical reactivity in progressive XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The dose-response relationship (challenge phase) of the @entity0 response was investigated in previously sensitized Hartley @entity1 . Larger numbers of animals were used per group at the lower doses so that statistically significant observations could be made. Model compounds known to be skin sensitizers were used: a strong sensitizer, @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and a weaker sensitizer, @entity3 ( @entity4 ). A gradation in response to changing @entity2 doses was easily observed by using either the open epicutaneous test (OET) or the Buehler occlusive patch test. The Buehler test was used to study the dose-response relationship of @entity2 sensitization. The sensitivity of the OET and Buehler test was judged not adequate to measure the dose response for @entity4 , because at high doses a high incidence of responders was not obtained. Therefore, the maximization test was used to evaluate @entity4 . Similar, non-linear dose-response curves were obtained with each compound. The higher doses produced a somewhat linear relationship, but at lower doses the curves flattened out and more slowly approached a zero response. Thus, for potent sensitizers, concentrations found in exposure situations might be in the linear portion of the dose-response curve. For weak responders, use concentrations might be in the shallow portion of the curve, where reactions would be underestimated if a linear dose-response curve were assumed.

title: Dose-response relationship in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity3 ) is an infrequent disease. Data on incidence and prevalence are scarce and conflictive. There are no such data in Latin America or in Argentina in particular. OBJECTIVES: We undertook to examine the incidence and prevalence of @entity2 in the prepaid health maintenance organization of our hospital, in the city of Buenos Aires. METHODS: Members of the plan between 1999 and 2004 were followed up for incident cases, and prevalence was calculated at the end of the period. RESULTS: A total of 98,642 @entity0 were followed up for a total of 32,9534 @entity0 -years. Density of incidence overall was 21.2 per million @entity0 -years (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4-37). Density of incidence for @entity1 was 6.1 per million @entity0 -years (95% CI, 2.3-14.5), and for limited disease, it was 15.2 per million @entity0 -years (95% CI, 2-28). Prevalence was 296 per million @entity0 (95% CI, 193-434); females, 477 per million @entity0 (95% CI, 309-704); and males, 28 per million @entity0 (95% CI, 7-157). Prevalence for @entity1 was 57 per million @entity0 (95% CI, 18-133), and for limited disease, it was 240 per million @entity0 (95% CI, 148-365). CONCLUSIONS: Despite potential biases, these data are in agreement with others from different parts of the world and the first obtained in Argentina and, to our knowledge, in Latin America.

title: Incidence and prevalence of XXXX in a healthcare plan in Buenos Aires.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: India leads the world with maximum number of @entity1 @entity0 being termed as the " @entity1 capital of the world." Certain risk factors including unsatisfactory diet, overweight, and a sedentary lifestyle are potentially reversible. Acharayas have widely described the role of diet and activities to control Madhumeha ( @entity1 [ @entity1 ]) along with medications. Habitual consumption of roasted or dry @entity3 ( @entity3 .) flour, Mudga (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) and Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) prevents the manifestation of Prameha. AIM: To assess the clinical effects of dietary interventions and life style modifications in Madhumeha @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Present study was carried out on 56 @entity0 of Madhumeha from S.S. Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Dietary interventions and life style modifications schedule was prepared based on Ayurvedic principles and @entity0 were advised to follow this regimen. Three consecutive follow-ups were done for 3 months at the interval of one month each. RESULTS: Significant improvement was observed in clinical signs and symptoms along with plasma @entity2 and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Madhumeha @entity0 after these interventions (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Dietary interventions and life style modifications are two important tools by which adequate glycemic control can be obtained, especially in newly diagnosed @entity1 @entity0 and in @entity0 who are on antidiabetic medication, but not properly controlled.

title: Clinical assessment of dietary interventions and lifestyle modifications in Madhumeha (type- 2 XXXX ).

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity12 + B lymphocytes and TCR gamma-delta T lymphocytes, phenotypes implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity5 , were isolated from the vitreous in a case of @entity4 . These cells were obtained using a method which allows the selective maintainance in vitro of in vivo activated T lymphocytes. Dual colour flow cytometry showed that after 3 days culture in @entity7 containing medium 61% of cells were @entity12 / @entity6 + ve and 41% CD3/TCR gamma delta + ve. Of the total CD3 + ve population, 15% were gamma/delta negative. These cells formed a population which also responded in a proliferation assay to retinal antigens. Histologically the eye showed a marked mononuclear cell infiltration of the retina, ciliary body and choroid. @entity0 within the choroid contained lymphocytes, plasma cells and multinucleate giant cells. Immunocytochemistry showed lymphocyte populations to be predominantly @entity10 + ve CD3 + ve T lymphocytes of the @entity2 sub-set. Distribution of monocytes/macrophages throughout the lesions and restriction of B-lymphocytes to granulomata were all consistent with a DTH type reaction. Despite immunosuppressive therapy, the expression of activation antigens HLA-DR and @entity8 on infiltrating and resident ocular tissue cells was high, although @entity11 ( @entity9 ) expression was virtually absent. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood cells prior to treatment with @entity1 showed systemic activation of lymphocytes, with high levels of HLA-DR and @entity9 expression and a raised @entity2 / @entity3 ratio.

title: Retinal antigen specific lymphocytes, TCR-gamma delta T cells and @entity12 + B cells cultured from the vitreous in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity12 + B lymphocytes and TCR gamma-delta T lymphocytes, phenotypes implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity5 , were isolated from the vitreous in a case of @entity4 . These cells were obtained using a method which allows the selective maintainance in vitro of in vivo activated T lymphocytes. Dual colour flow cytometry showed that after 3 days culture in @entity7 containing medium 61% of cells were @entity12 / @entity6 + ve and 41% CD3/TCR gamma delta + ve. Of the total CD3 + ve population, 15% were gamma/delta negative. These cells formed a population which also responded in a proliferation assay to retinal antigens. Histologically the eye showed a marked mononuclear cell infiltration of the retina, ciliary body and choroid. @entity0 within the choroid contained lymphocytes, plasma cells and multinucleate giant cells. Immunocytochemistry showed lymphocyte populations to be predominantly @entity10 + ve CD3 + ve T lymphocytes of the @entity2 sub-set. Distribution of monocytes/macrophages throughout the lesions and restriction of B-lymphocytes to granulomata were all consistent with a DTH type reaction. Despite immunosuppressive therapy, the expression of activation antigens HLA-DR and @entity8 on infiltrating and resident ocular tissue cells was high, although @entity11 ( @entity9 ) expression was virtually absent. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood cells prior to treatment with @entity1 showed systemic activation of lymphocytes, with high levels of HLA-DR and @entity9 expression and a raised @entity2 / @entity3 ratio.

title: Retinal antigen specific lymphocytes, TCR-gamma delta T cells and XXXX + B cells cultured from the vitreous in @entity4 .

answer: @entity12