abstract: BACKGROUND: Intragastric balloon is a widely used technique to treat @entity1 that is considered to be more efficient than conservative treatment before bariatric surgery. To describe air-filled balloon (Heliosphere BAG  ) effectiveness [absolute @entity2 , body mass index (BMI) loss, percentage of body @entity2 (BWL), percentage of excess @entity2 (EWL)] and complications 6 months after its insertion. METHODS: Eighty-four consecutive intragastric balloons were placed endoscopically. Individualized nutritional counseling was given. The follow-up was carried out in an endocrinology outpatient clinic. Due to the weight or height data missed in two cases, only 82 @entity0 were included in this report, 63 @entity0 with a mean age 39 years (SD, 11.1); mean BMI, 39.1 kg/m(2) (SD, 5.8). The median follow-up was 182 days. RESULTS: The mean @entity2 and BMI loss were 14.5 kg (SD, 8.2); and 5.3 kg/m(2) (SD, 2.8), respectively (for difference, p   <   0.001). The mean percentage of BWL was 13.4% (SD, 7.0). Of the sample, 70.4% achieved a percentage of BWL >10%. The percentage of EWL reached 33.2% (SD, 19.2). After adjusting by sex and initial BMI, absolute @entity2 (p   =   0.033), BMI loss (p   =   0.034), percentage of BWL (p   =   0.034), and percentage of EWL (p   =   0.034) were inversely related to age. Absolute @entity2 and BMI loss were greater in higher initial BMI, but the percentage of EWL was lower. Two spontaneous deflations occurred (3%), but only one surgical early removal (1.2%) was required. @entity3 and @entity4 developed in 7.4% of the @entity0 during the first week. CONCLUSIONS: Air-filled Heliosphere BAG   has been effective in achieving a relevant loss of body weight.

title: Effectiveness and safety of air-filled balloon Heliosphere BAG   in 82 consecutive @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: I individualize my approach to each @entity0 based upon their understanding of their disease process, acuity of their progression to Stage D @entity2 , clinical setting (hospitalized vs outpatient), and family needs. My first goal is to prove intolerance of traditional therapies for @entity2 by challenging @entity0 with various medication combinations, including staggered dosing regimens and alternatives to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/b-blockers, and by considering cardiac resynchronization therapy if they meet criteria. As @entity0 develop progressive @entity1 and side effects from medicines, I often will discontinue these medicines after careful communication. For @entity0 with @entity2 , I consider cardiac transplantation for those who are candidates and left ventricular assist device as destination therapy for those who are not transplant candidates, both of which require multidisciplinary input from psychiatrists, social workers, nurses, and cardiac surgeons. If @entity0 are not candidates for these advanced therapies, I try to delineate their goals for living and discuss strategies to maximize their survival (however limited) and increase my focus on their quality of life by minimizing unnecessary testing. For the select @entity0 , I use continuous inotrope support only if this improves their quality of life and possibility of having a meaningful existence outside of the hospital. Palliative care consultants are often involved at this stage. For the @entity0 who is clearly at the end of life, I refer to hospice and focus on comfort. Return ambulatory visits and extent of the care received are guided by the preferences of the @entity0 and their family. When there are disparate views of family members, especially when the @entity0 is not cognitively able to participate in the discussion, I tend to be more paternalistic in my approach to therapeutic options in an attempt to possibly dissipate family dynamic problems occurring after the @entity0 dies.

title: End of life care in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Objective of this study to investigate the impact of NCC upon the quality of life (QoL) compared to other chronic @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity1 . The study group consisted of 114 @entity0 subdivided into four groups: NCC with @entity3 (n  =  48), NCC without @entity3 (n  =  17), @entity3 without NCC (n  =  25) and chronic @entity1 (n  =  24). The QoL was evaluated by direct subjective quantification (scale of 0-10) and FACT-HN IV. NCC had impact on QoL, 53.8% @entity0 dependent and needing help. The impact on QoL did not correlate with the classification of NCC, presence of cysts or @entity6 and with CSF TP or number of WBCs. The presence of @entity4 had a significant impact on the QoL of @entity0 with NCC. Lack of @entity5 control tended to produce an adverse effect on the QoL in the group of NCC and @entity3 . NCC is not a benign disease; it has greater adverse effects on QoL of @entity0 than @entity3 and @entity1 , although without statistical significance. The presence of @entity4 and uncontrolled @entity5 may have impact on QoL. Since asymptomatic @entity0 were not evaluated, the results of this study are not applicable to all individuals with NCC.

title: Quality of life assessment in XXXX with neurocysticercosis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Key concepts in @entity1 immunotherapy are reviewed. "Immunotherapy" can refer to a fully-developed, @entity0 -specific immune response, or to its individual cellular or molecular mediators. The immune response is initiated most efficiently in organized lymphoid tissue. After initiation, antigen-specific T lymphocytes (T cells) survey the tissues--including the brain. If the T cells re-encounter their antigen at a @entity0 site, they can be triggered to carry out their effector functions. T cells can attack @entity0 in many ways, directly and indirectly, through cell-cell contact, secreted factors, and attraction and activation of other cells, endogenous or blood-borne. Recent work expands the list of candidate @entity0 antigens: they are not limited to cell surface proteins and need not be @entity0 -specific. Once identified, @entity0 antigens can be targeted immunologically, or in novel ways. The immune response is under complex regulatory control. Most current work aims to enhance initiation of the response (for example, with @entity0 vaccines), rather than enhancing the effector phase at the @entity0 site. The effector phase includes a rich, interactive set of cells and mediators; some that are not usually stressed are of particular interest against @entity0 in the brain. Within the brain, immune regulation varies from site to site, and local neurochemicals (such as @entity3 or @entity2 ) can contribute to local control. Given the complexity of a @entity0 , the brain, and the immune response, animal models are essential, but more emphasis should be given to their limitations and to step-by-step analysis, rather than animal "cures".

title: XXXX immunotherapy: an immunologist's perspective.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 natural killer (NK) cells are thought to play a role in antiviral response and @entity1 immune surveillance. The molecular mechanisms of down regulation of NK-cell activity observed after red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is still undefined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Both effects of blood transfusion (ex vivo) and supernatants (SNs) derived from RBC units unstored (RBC-0) or stored for 5 or 30 days (RBC-5 or -30, respectively) in vitro were analyzed on NK cell-mediated cytolytic activity. RESULTS: We have found that NK cells isolated from transfused @entity0 on Day 3 lysed the NK-sensitive target cells K562 to a lesser extent than before transfusion. This down regulation of NK-cell activation was evident also for NK-cell killing mediated through the engagement of NK cell-activating receptors as @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity7 . Transfused @entity0 reacquired NK cell-mediated cytolytic activity from Day 5 to Day 7 after transfusion. SN from RBC-30, but not from RBC-0 or RBC-5, strongly inhibited the generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and lysis of the NK-resistant target cell Jurkat in a dose-dependent manner. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) blocking antibodies partially restored the generation of LAK activity. In addition, the depletion of both soluble Class I human leukocyte antigens (sHLA-I) and soluble @entity2 (sFasL) from SN of RBC-30 completely restored the generation of LAK activity. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, these findings would support the idea that blood transfusion-mediated down regulation of NK-cell activity is mediated by sHLA-I, sFasL, and @entity3 .

title: Down regulation of @entity0 natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis induced by blood transfusion: role of transforming growth factor-b(1), soluble XXXX , and soluble Class I human leukocyte antigen.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 natural killer (NK) cells are thought to play a role in antiviral response and @entity1 immune surveillance. The molecular mechanisms of down regulation of NK-cell activity observed after red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is still undefined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Both effects of blood transfusion (ex vivo) and supernatants (SNs) derived from RBC units unstored (RBC-0) or stored for 5 or 30 days (RBC-5 or -30, respectively) in vitro were analyzed on NK cell-mediated cytolytic activity. RESULTS: We have found that NK cells isolated from transfused @entity0 on Day 3 lysed the NK-sensitive target cells K562 to a lesser extent than before transfusion. This down regulation of NK-cell activation was evident also for NK-cell killing mediated through the engagement of NK cell-activating receptors as @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity7 . Transfused @entity0 reacquired NK cell-mediated cytolytic activity from Day 5 to Day 7 after transfusion. SN from RBC-30, but not from RBC-0 or RBC-5, strongly inhibited the generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and lysis of the NK-resistant target cell Jurkat in a dose-dependent manner. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) blocking antibodies partially restored the generation of LAK activity. In addition, the depletion of both soluble Class I human leukocyte antigens (sHLA-I) and soluble @entity2 (sFasL) from SN of RBC-30 completely restored the generation of LAK activity. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, these findings would support the idea that blood transfusion-mediated down regulation of NK-cell activity is mediated by sHLA-I, sFasL, and @entity3 .

title: Down regulation of XXXX natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis induced by blood transfusion: role of transforming growth factor-b(1), soluble @entity2 , and soluble Class I human leukocyte antigen.

answer: @entity0


abstract: While severe @entity8 ( @entity8 ) has been known to depress several immune functions, @entity3 are suppressed by decreasing IgE and impairing vascular permeability and mast cell functions. To address the effect of moderate @entity6 without @entity4 and protein hypernutrition on type I @entity3 , we examined the effect of various levels of protein nutrition on @entity3 at humoral immunity and the regulation of Th cell function levels. @entity0 fed 100 g/kg (moderate @entity6 ; MPM), 200 g/kg (normal protein nutrition; PN) and 400 g/kg (protein hypernutrition; PH) protein diets were intraperitoneally sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) in @entity10 . Higher elevations of OVA-specific IgE and total IgE in the serum were observed in the PH group as compared to the PN group. However, OVA-specific IgE in the MPM group was not significantly different from that in the PN group, although the former appeared higher than the latter. While @entity7 , @entity5 , CD8 and @entity9 expressions in the splenic lymphocytes were decreased in the MPM group, @entity9 expressions were increased in the PH group. Splenic lymphocyte proliferative responses to OVA were augmented in the PH group and depressed in the MPM group. @entity2 production from splenic lymphocytes was significantly decreased; however, @entity1 production was not affected significantly in the MPM group, and increased in the PH group. These findings suggest that immune functions to specific antigens in the MPM state are depressed at the cytokine level but not in terms of IgE responses. They also suggest that immune functions become Th2-predominant in the PH state, resulting in an increased risk of type I @entity3 .

title: IgE responses in XXXX fed moderate protein deficient and high protein diets.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The occurrence of transfusion transmissions of variant @entity3 ( @entity3 ) cases has reawakened attention to the possible similar risk posed by other forms of @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity3 with a definite or probable diagnosis ( @entity4 , n = 741; @entity2 , n = 175) and no- @entity3 @entity0 with definite alternative diagnosis (n = 482) with available blood transfusion history were included in the study. The risk of exposure to blood transfusion occurring more than 10 years before disease onset and for some possible confounding factors was evaluated by calculating crude odds ratios (ORs). Variables with significant ORs in univariate analyses were included in multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: In the univariate model, blood transfusion occurring more than 10 years before clinical onset is 4.1-fold more frequent in @entity4 than in other @entity1 . This significance is lost when the 10-year lag time was not considered. Multivariate analyses show that the risk of developing @entity4 after transfusion increases (OR, 5.05) after adjusting for possible confounding factors. Analysis conducted on @entity0 with @entity2 did not reveal any significant risk factor associated with transfusion. CONCLUSION: This is the first case-control study showing a significant risk of transfusion occurring more than 10 years before clinical onset in @entity4 @entity0 . It remains questionable whether the significance of these data is biologically plausible or the consequence of biases in the design of the study, but they counterbalance previous epidemiologic negative reports that might have overestimated the assessment of blood safety in @entity4 .

title: Transmission of XXXX by blood transfusion: risk factor or possible biases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: To compare survival rates and long-term complications after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or treatment with immunosuppressive agents (ISA) in the management of adult @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and to identify prognostic factors associated with improved survival, we evaluated 229 adult @entity3 @entity0 treated with ISA from 1990 to 2001 and compared the results with those for 64 BMT recipients. Of 156 @entity0 with severe @entity3 (SAA) or very severe @entity3 treated with ISA (antithymocyte globulin [ATG] or ATG plus @entity1 ), 46.8% showed complete or partial response and 7.1% had relapses. After long-term follow-up, 1 case each of @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity6 developed. The 6-year survival rate was 69%. Response to ISA, disease severity, and low absolute neutrophil count (ANC) (< or = 200/mm3) were associated with poor survival. @entity0 age, sex, initial platelet count, etiology, or treatment regimen did not significantly affect survival. Cox regression analysis showed low ANC to be the only pretreatment variable significantly associated with poor survival (P = .000). Of 64 BMT recipients, 82.8% had sustained engraftment, and 12.5% experienced graft failure. Twenty (31.3%) of the @entity0 developed grade II to IV @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and 12 (18.8%) of the @entity0 developed chronic @entity2 . The 6-year survival rate was 79%. @entity0 age and sex, disease severity, etiology, ANC, initial platelet count, and treatment regimen did not affect survival. Survival of 83 @entity3 @entity0 , aged 14 to 40 years, treated with ISA was not statistically significant from that of 61 adult @entity3 @entity0 who underwent BMT (6-year survival rate, 65% and 79%, respectively). However, BMT in adult @entity3 achieved long-term engraftment and a lower relapse rate than ISA. These results suggest that ISA can achieve a high response rate and long-term survival among @entity0 with adult @entity3 , regardless of disease severity. Further studies with larger numbers of @entity0 and long-term follow-up are needed.

title: Outcome of adult severe or very severe XXXX treated with immunosuppressive therapy compared with bone marrow transplantation: multicenter trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Low anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection are the surgical techniques used most frequently in the treatment of @entity1 . It is our hypothesis that selected @entity0 with @entity4 stage, well or moderate grade of differentiation, and small @entity1 size are good candidates for transanal excision in terms of minimal morbidity, low recurrence rate, and sphincter preservation. From January 1993 until August 2001 30 @entity0 underwent transanal excision; three @entity0 were excluded because they had histology other than @entity3 . Factors analyzed included those related to the @entity0 [age (years), gender, race, body mass index, and anal tone], @entity1 [size (cm), distance from the anal verge (cm), differentiation, and American Joint Committee on @entity1 stage], and additional treatment. Median follow-up of the group was 40.7 months (range 0.6-99) and the primary end points were local and distant recurrence. Data are presented as mean (range). The median age of the group was 58.9 years (range 27-94); 52 per cent were female and 48 per cent were male. The mean body mass index was 25.9 (range 22.7-36.7). Preoperatively 81, 11, and 4 per cent of the @entity0 had stage I, II, and III/IV @entity1 , respectively. Preoperative size of the @entity1 was 2.0 cm (1-3 cm), and distance from the anal verge was 5.0 cm (3-15 cm). @entity2 was 50 cm3 (5-200 cm3), and there were no operative complications. @entity1 differentiation levels were well (37%) and moderate (63%). All @entity0 had negative margins. Additional treatment consisted of radiation therapy in seven @entity0 (six postoperative and one preoperative). Chemotherapy was given to seven @entity0 (six postoperative and one preoperative). The local recurrence rate was 7.4 per cent (two @entity0 ), and 3.7 per cent recurred distantly (one @entity0 ). Transanal excision of @entity1 in selected @entity0 is an acceptable alternative to formal resection. Important selection criteria include @entity4 stage, well or moderate differentiation, relatively small @entity1 size, and negative microscopic margins. The roles of radiation and chemotherapy remain controversial.

title: Results of long-term follow-up for transanal excision for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the prognostic factors and the neck treatment strategy of early @entity4 (SCC). METHODS: Total of 152 cases of early tongue SCC underwent surgery between January 1994 December 2003 were reviewed. The @entity0 , according to their neck managements, were divided into two groups, or wait-whach group (n = 32) and neck dissection group (n = 120), and the neck dissection group was subdivided into supraomohyoid neck dissection (SND) group and @entity3 ( @entity6 ) group (including radical neck dissection and modified radical neck dissection). RESULTS: All @entity0 were followed up over 5 years or until death and the 5-year follow-up rate was 94.7%. The regional recurrence rates of wait-whach group and neck dissection group were 34.4% and 14.2% respectively (  (2) = 6.865, P < 0.01) and 5-year overall survival rates of the two groups were 68% and 79% respectively (  (2) = 1.699, P > 0.05). There were no significant difference in the regional recurrence rate or 5-year survival rate between SND group and @entity6 group (P > 0.05). The @entity0 with pathologically node positive had a low 5-year survival rate compared to those with node negative. The @entity0 with regional recurrence had a significant low 5-year survival rate compared to @entity0 without regional recurrence (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Occult lymph node @entity1 and regional recurrence were important prognostic factors for early @entity2 . Supraomohyoid neck dissection can not improve the 5-year survival rate, but significantly reduce the rate of neck recurrence. The results suggest that the selective neck dissection for ipsilateral level I-III should be applied to the @entity0 with @entity5 which does not cross the midline.

title: [Prognostic factors of early XXXX and neck treatment].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Investigate the association between GNB3C825T gene polymorphism and pediatric @entity2 . METHOD: Syncope group consisted of 54 cases of unexplained @entity3 in @entity0 , including 18 males and 36 females, at the age of 11.8 years; control group consisted of 54 healthy @entity0 over the same period, of whom 20 were male and 34 female, at the age of 11.2 years. The @entity0 underwent @entity1 ( @entity1 ). According to @entity1 test results, @entity1 -positive group and @entity1 -negative group were further classified. For cases in @entity1 -positive group, based on the changes in blood pressure and in heart rate during @entity1 , vasodepressor, mixed and cardioinhibitory patterns were studied. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood in all the @entity0 . A pair of primers was designed flanking 825 polymorphic loci. Products were recovered by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). GNB3 @entity4 polymorphism was detected by using gene-side GNB3C825T sequencing. Allele distribution between the various groups were studied. RESULT: Among fifty-four @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity1 was positive in 30 cases, including vasodepressor pattern in 15 cases (50.0%), mixed pattern in 9 cases (30.0%) and cardioinhibitory pattern in 6 cases (20.0%). Whereas the subjects in control group had negative @entity1 response. GNB3C825T allele C in the control and @entity3 groups was 81.5% and 65.7%, respectively. GNB3C825T allele T in the control and @entity3 groups was 18.5% and 34.3%, respectively (  (2) = 6.888, P < 0.05). GNB3C825T allele C in @entity1 -positive and negative groups was 61.7% and 81.3%, respectively. And GNB3C825T allele T in @entity1 -positive and negative groups was 38.3% and 18.7%, respectively (  (2) = 4.905, P < 0.05). GNB3C825T allele frequency did not show statistically significant difference among the 3 hemodynamic patterns of VVS (  (2) = 0.658, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Study on GNB3C825T allele frequency in @entity0 with @entity2 is of significant value for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of VVS and provide a molecular biologic basis for its mechanisms.

title: [Association between the polymorphism of GNB3C825T gene and XXXX in @entity0 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Investigate the association between GNB3C825T gene polymorphism and pediatric @entity2 . METHOD: Syncope group consisted of 54 cases of unexplained @entity3 in @entity0 , including 18 males and 36 females, at the age of 11.8 years; control group consisted of 54 healthy @entity0 over the same period, of whom 20 were male and 34 female, at the age of 11.2 years. The @entity0 underwent @entity1 ( @entity1 ). According to @entity1 test results, @entity1 -positive group and @entity1 -negative group were further classified. For cases in @entity1 -positive group, based on the changes in blood pressure and in heart rate during @entity1 , vasodepressor, mixed and cardioinhibitory patterns were studied. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood in all the @entity0 . A pair of primers was designed flanking 825 polymorphic loci. Products were recovered by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). GNB3 @entity4 polymorphism was detected by using gene-side GNB3C825T sequencing. Allele distribution between the various groups were studied. RESULT: Among fifty-four @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity1 was positive in 30 cases, including vasodepressor pattern in 15 cases (50.0%), mixed pattern in 9 cases (30.0%) and cardioinhibitory pattern in 6 cases (20.0%). Whereas the subjects in control group had negative @entity1 response. GNB3C825T allele C in the control and @entity3 groups was 81.5% and 65.7%, respectively. GNB3C825T allele T in the control and @entity3 groups was 18.5% and 34.3%, respectively (  (2) = 6.888, P < 0.05). GNB3C825T allele C in @entity1 -positive and negative groups was 61.7% and 81.3%, respectively. And GNB3C825T allele T in @entity1 -positive and negative groups was 38.3% and 18.7%, respectively (  (2) = 4.905, P < 0.05). GNB3C825T allele frequency did not show statistically significant difference among the 3 hemodynamic patterns of VVS (  (2) = 0.658, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Study on GNB3C825T allele frequency in @entity0 with @entity2 is of significant value for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of VVS and provide a molecular biologic basis for its mechanisms.

title: [Association between the polymorphism of GNB3C825T gene and @entity2 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Paul MacLean has investigated integrated brain functioning through selected @entity1 in animals that disturb circuits necessary for complex behaviors, such as social displays. MacLean is unique in his comparative neurobehavioral approach that emphasizes the evolutionary origins of parenting and social behaviors and the implications of brain changes in the evolution from reptiles (social displays) to mammals (nursing, audiovocal communication, play) to @entity0 (self-awareness, intentionality, social context) that link affect and cognition. Subjectively, how "looking with feeling toward others," the basic element in empathy, evolved has been a central concern of his. Neuroimaging studies of social cognition, mother- @entity0 communication, moral behavior, forgiveness, and trust are consistent with particular brain systems being activated in cooperative social behaviors. The identification of mirror neurons is pertinent to MacLean's model of isopraxis and studies of thalamocortical resonances may be pertinent to his neurobehavioral models. Studies of behavioral phenotypes in @entity0 @entity2 are consistent with MacLean's model of brain circuits being linked to complex behaviors during development. In @entity3 , the behavioral phenotype involves disrupted social communication, deviant imaginative play, and motor stereotypies. In @entity4 ( @entity4 ), self-injury occurs in individuals with normal sensory systems intact who require and request physical restraint to prevent self-injury; they ask for assistance from others to prevent them from harming themselves. @entity3 involves the lack of subjective awareness of others intentions and @entity4 involves a failure in self-regulation and self-control of self-injurious behavior. MacLean's models laid the groundwork for studies focused on understanding brain functioning in these conditions.

title: Social neuroscience, empathy, brain integration, and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Along the years the treatment of @entity1 with L-dopa has revealed unfavorable effects in general after 5-10 years. This has led to the present criteria for treatment of de novo @entity0 that mainly relay on the age, the general strategy being to delay the use of L-dopa as long as possible. However, this practical approach lacks a scientific basis. In a retrospective study data of 155 @entity0 with @entity1 were analyzed with the goal of finding a clinical marker for the critical time point when L-dopa needs to be administrated. The clinical stage of the @entity0 was assessed using the Hoehn and Yahr (H_Y) scale and the severity of the symptoms was measured using the UPDRS score. The results show that there was no relationship between the age of the @entity0 and the therapy (L-dopa vs. no L-dopa) with regard to the clinical outcome. A significant interaction was found however, between the clinical stage (H_Y) and the therapy. Further analysis of this interaction showed that in the H_Y Stages 1-2.5 the UPDRS scores were lower in the @entity0 groups treated without L-dopa. Remarkably, in the H_Y stages 3 and higher the UPDRS scores were lower in the @entity0 groups treated with L-dopa. These results suggest that the clinical stage of the disease (H_Y) might be a better criterion than the age for the time point when L-dopa needs to be administered in de novo @entity0 .

title: Clinical criteria for the switch of treatment strategies in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To describe the experience of using high concentration nitrous @entity7 ( @entity6 ) relative @entity5 administered by nursing staff in @entity0 undergoing minor procedures in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and to demonstrate its safety. METHOD: Data were collected over a 12 month period for all procedures in the @entity2 performed under nurse administered @entity6 sedation. All @entity0 greater than 12 months of age requiring a minor procedure who had no contraindication to the use of @entity6 were considered for sedation by this method. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of a major @entity4 or @entity3 during the procedure. Secondary outcome measures were minor complications and the maximum concentration of @entity6 used. RESULTS: Data were collected for a total of 224 episodes of nurse administered @entity6 sedation over a 12 month period. In 73.2% of @entity0 no complications were recorded. One major complication was recorded (respiratory distress) and the most common minor complication was mask intolerance in 17%. The mean maximum concentration of @entity6 used was 60.2%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 is a safe analgesic in @entity0 over the age of 1 year undergoing @entity1 or stressful procedures in the @entity2 . It may safely be administered in concentrations of up to 70% by nursing staff after appropriate training.

title: Nurse administered relative @entity5 using high concentration nitrous oxide to facilitate minor procedures in @entity0 in an XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: To describe the experience of using high concentration nitrous @entity7 ( @entity6 ) relative @entity5 administered by nursing staff in @entity0 undergoing minor procedures in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and to demonstrate its safety. METHOD: Data were collected over a 12 month period for all procedures in the @entity2 performed under nurse administered @entity6 sedation. All @entity0 greater than 12 months of age requiring a minor procedure who had no contraindication to the use of @entity6 were considered for sedation by this method. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of a major @entity4 or @entity3 during the procedure. Secondary outcome measures were minor complications and the maximum concentration of @entity6 used. RESULTS: Data were collected for a total of 224 episodes of nurse administered @entity6 sedation over a 12 month period. In 73.2% of @entity0 no complications were recorded. One major complication was recorded (respiratory distress) and the most common minor complication was mask intolerance in 17%. The mean maximum concentration of @entity6 used was 60.2%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 is a safe analgesic in @entity0 over the age of 1 year undergoing @entity1 or stressful procedures in the @entity2 . It may safely be administered in concentrations of up to 70% by nursing staff after appropriate training.

title: Nurse administered relative XXXX using high concentration nitrous oxide to facilitate minor procedures in @entity0 in an @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS: To describe the experience of using high concentration nitrous @entity7 ( @entity6 ) relative @entity5 administered by nursing staff in @entity0 undergoing minor procedures in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and to demonstrate its safety. METHOD: Data were collected over a 12 month period for all procedures in the @entity2 performed under nurse administered @entity6 sedation. All @entity0 greater than 12 months of age requiring a minor procedure who had no contraindication to the use of @entity6 were considered for sedation by this method. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of a major @entity4 or @entity3 during the procedure. Secondary outcome measures were minor complications and the maximum concentration of @entity6 used. RESULTS: Data were collected for a total of 224 episodes of nurse administered @entity6 sedation over a 12 month period. In 73.2% of @entity0 no complications were recorded. One major complication was recorded (respiratory distress) and the most common minor complication was mask intolerance in 17%. The mean maximum concentration of @entity6 used was 60.2%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 is a safe analgesic in @entity0 over the age of 1 year undergoing @entity1 or stressful procedures in the @entity2 . It may safely be administered in concentrations of up to 70% by nursing staff after appropriate training.

title: Nurse administered relative @entity5 using high concentration nitrous oxide to facilitate minor procedures in XXXX in an @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most recent publications have shown that the recombinant form of activated factor VII (rFVIIa; NovoSeven, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsv  rd, Denmark) induces excellent hemostasis in @entity0 with severe intractable @entity3 caused by @entity2 and major surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of rFVIIa on the treatment of intractable perioperative @entity3 in vascular surgery when conventional hemostatic measures are inadequate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were two groups of @entity0 : the NovoSeven group (group N), 10 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and 14 @entity0 operated on due to @entity5 ( @entity5 ); the control group (group C), 14 @entity0 with @entity4 and 17 @entity0 with @entity5 . All @entity0 suffered intractable @entity3 refractory to conventional hemostatic measures, while @entity0 from group N were additionally treated with rFVIIa. RESULTS: @entity1 was significantly lower in group N treated with rFVII (P < .0001). Postoperative administration of packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets was lower in @entity0 from group N, (P < .0001). Successful @entity3 arrest was reported in 21 @entity0 (87.5%) treated with rFVIIa, and in 9 @entity0 (29.03%) in group C (P < .001). Thirty-day mortality in these two groups significantly differed. The mortality rate was 12.5% (3 @entity0 ) in group N and 80.65% (25 @entity0 ) in group C (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that rFVIIa may play a role in controlling the intractable perioperative and @entity1 in surgical @entity0 undergoing a repair of @entity4 and @entity5 . Certainly, prospective randomized trials are necessary to further confirm the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of rFVIIa in these @entity0 .

title: Role of recombinant factor VIIa in the treatment of intractable XXXX in vascular surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 and @entity1 are considered to be important factors in the occurrence and maintenance of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, the relationship between those @entity2 after a maze operation has been rarely studied. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pathological evaluation of atrial tissues was useful for predicting an unsuccessful maze operation in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: Between March 2006 and June 2007, left-atrial tissues in the posterior wall and right-atrial appendage were obtained from 47 consecutive @entity0 (24 @entity0 with chronic @entity4 , and 23 with sinus rhythm) undergoing mitral valve surgery (MVS). A concomitant maze operation was performed for all @entity0 with chronic @entity4 . Atrial cell diameters were measured using @entity5 and @entity6 staining, and quantitative assessment of atrial @entity1 was performed with Masson trichrome staining using an image analyzer (Image Processor for Analytical Pathology, Sumika Technoservice Co., Hyogo, Japan). RESULTS: Successful MVS was performed for all @entity0 and there were no complications associated with tissue sampling. @entity0 with chronic @entity4 had more advanced histological features in both atria as compared with those with sinus rhythm. Sixteen of 24 @entity0 , who underwent a maze operation, had successfully restored sinus rhythm (successful maze group), while that in the remaining eight was not restored (unsuccessful maze group). @entity0 in the unsuccessful maze group had a larger left-atrial dimension and cardiothoracic ratio as compared with those in the successful group, whereas the duration of @entity4 was not significantly different. @entity0 in the unsuccessful maze group also had greater hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and more extensive intercellular @entity1 in the left atrium, while there were no differences for right-atrial pathological features between the groups. Multivariate logistic analysis confirmed that a larger amount of @entity1 (>15%) was significantly associated with an unsuccessful maze operation. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggested that advanced @entity1 in the left atrium, but not in the right atrium, might be significantly associated with an unsuccessful maze operation in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Advanced XXXX is associated with unsuccessful maze operation for valvular @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 and @entity1 are considered to be important factors in the occurrence and maintenance of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, the relationship between those @entity2 after a maze operation has been rarely studied. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pathological evaluation of atrial tissues was useful for predicting an unsuccessful maze operation in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: Between March 2006 and June 2007, left-atrial tissues in the posterior wall and right-atrial appendage were obtained from 47 consecutive @entity0 (24 @entity0 with chronic @entity4 , and 23 with sinus rhythm) undergoing mitral valve surgery (MVS). A concomitant maze operation was performed for all @entity0 with chronic @entity4 . Atrial cell diameters were measured using @entity5 and @entity6 staining, and quantitative assessment of atrial @entity1 was performed with Masson trichrome staining using an image analyzer (Image Processor for Analytical Pathology, Sumika Technoservice Co., Hyogo, Japan). RESULTS: Successful MVS was performed for all @entity0 and there were no complications associated with tissue sampling. @entity0 with chronic @entity4 had more advanced histological features in both atria as compared with those with sinus rhythm. Sixteen of 24 @entity0 , who underwent a maze operation, had successfully restored sinus rhythm (successful maze group), while that in the remaining eight was not restored (unsuccessful maze group). @entity0 in the unsuccessful maze group had a larger left-atrial dimension and cardiothoracic ratio as compared with those in the successful group, whereas the duration of @entity4 was not significantly different. @entity0 in the unsuccessful maze group also had greater hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and more extensive intercellular @entity1 in the left atrium, while there were no differences for right-atrial pathological features between the groups. Multivariate logistic analysis confirmed that a larger amount of @entity1 (>15%) was significantly associated with an unsuccessful maze operation. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggested that advanced @entity1 in the left atrium, but not in the right atrium, might be significantly associated with an unsuccessful maze operation in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Advanced @entity1 is associated with unsuccessful maze operation for valvular XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A method was developed for the determination of @entity0 ( @entity1 ) in the seals and enamel of Mason lids. After extraction with acidic @entity2 and methylation, the resulting pentachloroanisole was determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) with electron capture detection (EC). Three of the 9 brands of lids examined contained @entity1 . Levels were as high as 198 micrograms/lid. Recoverires from fortified samples ranged from 92 to 103%. Six fruits and vegetables were canned by home canning techniques, using lids shown to contain @entity1 . @entity1 in these foods was determined by a procedure specifying extraction with acidic @entity2 and gel permeation chromatography cleanup. Extracts were methylated and determined by GLC-EC. @entity1 was found in all the canned foods. Levels were as high as 16 micrograms/qt. Recoveries from foods fortified with @entity1 ranged from 85 to 94%. The presence of @entity1 was confirmed by GLC-mass spectrometric determination of the derivative, @entity3 .

title: Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of XXXX in Mason jar lids and home canned foods.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 90% of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity0 develop @entity2 , and many die of @entity3 . Despite tremendous progress in skeletal muscle gene therapy, few attempts have been made to treat @entity2 . Microdystrophin genes are shown to correct skeletal muscle pathological lesions in the mdx @entity1 model for @entity4 . Here, we tested the therapeutic potential of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated microdystrophin gene therapy in the mdx @entity1 heart. METHODS AND RESULTS: AAV was delivered to the newborn mdx @entity1 cardiac cavity. The procedure was rapid and well tolerated. Efficient expression was achieved in the inner and the outer layers of the myocardium. The ubiquitous cytomegalovirus promoter resulted in substantially higher expression than the muscle-specific CK6 promoter. The therapeutic effects of microdystrophin were evaluated at 10 months after infection. Immunostaining demonstrated extensive microdystrophin expression and successful restoration of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. Importantly, AAV-mediated microdystrophin expression improved the sarcolemma integrity in the mdx heart. CONCLUSIONS: We established a simple gene transfer method for efficient and persistent transduction of the mdx @entity1 heart. AAV-mediated microdystrophin expression restored the critical dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and improved sarcolemma integrity of the mdx heart. Our results revealed the promise of AAV-microdystrophin gene therapy for @entity2 in @entity4 .

title: Microdystrophin gene therapy of XXXX restores dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and improves sarcolemma integrity in the mdx @entity1 heart.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 90% of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity0 develop @entity2 , and many die of @entity3 . Despite tremendous progress in skeletal muscle gene therapy, few attempts have been made to treat @entity2 . Microdystrophin genes are shown to correct skeletal muscle pathological lesions in the mdx @entity1 model for @entity4 . Here, we tested the therapeutic potential of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated microdystrophin gene therapy in the mdx @entity1 heart. METHODS AND RESULTS: AAV was delivered to the newborn mdx @entity1 cardiac cavity. The procedure was rapid and well tolerated. Efficient expression was achieved in the inner and the outer layers of the myocardium. The ubiquitous cytomegalovirus promoter resulted in substantially higher expression than the muscle-specific CK6 promoter. The therapeutic effects of microdystrophin were evaluated at 10 months after infection. Immunostaining demonstrated extensive microdystrophin expression and successful restoration of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. Importantly, AAV-mediated microdystrophin expression improved the sarcolemma integrity in the mdx heart. CONCLUSIONS: We established a simple gene transfer method for efficient and persistent transduction of the mdx @entity1 heart. AAV-mediated microdystrophin expression restored the critical dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and improved sarcolemma integrity of the mdx heart. Our results revealed the promise of AAV-microdystrophin gene therapy for @entity2 in @entity4 .

title: Microdystrophin gene therapy of @entity2 restores dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and improves sarcolemma integrity in the mdx XXXX heart.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 has recently been recognized as a complication of radiofrequency ablation for @entity3 . This study evaluates the presentation of affected @entity0 and the role of transcatheter therapy for this @entity0 population. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study used a retrospective review of data from 19 @entity0 (age, 51+/-13 years) with @entity2 who underwent catheterization and angiography between December 2000 and December 2002. Quantitative perfusion and spiral CT scans were performed for initial diagnosis and follow-up. The median duration between radiofrequency ablation and the reported onset of respiratory symptoms for 18 of 19 @entity0 was 7.5 weeks (0.1 to 48). After the onset of symptoms, all but two @entity0 were initially misdiagnosed with a symptoms-to-diagnosis duration of 16 weeks (2-59). At initial catheterization, 17 of 19 @entity0 had angioplasty in 30 veins with stent placement in 5 vessels when a flap occurred. Overall vessel diameter increased from 2.6+/-1.6 to 6.6+/-2.4 mm (P<0.0001). There were 4 procedure-related adverse events but no long-term sequelae. Immediate follow-up showed improved flow to involved lung segments. At a median follow-up of 43 weeks (2-92), although repeat angioplasty for @entity1 was necessary in 8 of 17 @entity0 , 15 of 17 @entity0 currently have no or minimal persistent symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 after radiofrequency ablation for @entity3 is often misdiagnosed. Although further follow-up is necessary to determine long-term success, our data indicate better pulmonary vein flow and symptomatic improvement in the majority of @entity0 undergoing dilation of postablation @entity2 .

title: Transcatheter angioplasty for acquired XXXX after radiofrequency ablation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the diagnostic accuracy of end-tidal @entity1 detection in detecting inadvertent airway intubation and verifying correct placement of nasogastric tubes. DESIGN: We undertook a meta-analysis of diagnostic studies. STUDY SELECTION: All clinical trials that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the colorimetric capnometry or capnography in detecting inadvertent airway intubation and differentiating between respiratory and gastrointestinal tube placement in adults were included. Electronic databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, All EBM Reviews, WanFang Data, China Journal Net, Chinese Medical Current Contents, and Index to Chinese Periodical Literature were searched from inception to July 2009. DATA EXTRACTION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT: Data were extracted using a form piloted prior to use. Two reviewers independently extracted data relating to purpose of the trial, sample, measurements used, index test results and reference standard. Methodological quality of eligible trials was assessed independently by two reviewers using a modified version of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies for assessing studies of diagnostic accuracy. The accuracy of diagnostic tests is presented in terms of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios. DATA SYNTHESIS: Nine clinical trials were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Eight trials were undertaken in intubated and mechanically ventilated @entity0 and two trials also involved @entity0 who were alert or awake. Eight involving a total of 456 nasogastric feeding tube placements investigated the diagnostic accuracy of either colorimetric capnometry or capnography to detect feeding tube placement. One trial involving 195 gastric tube insertions compared the diagnostic accuracy of simultaneous use of a colorimetric @entity1 detector and capnography to detect feeding tube placement. The use of colorimetric capnometry or capnography had a sensitivity ranging from 0.88 to 1.00, specificity 0.95 to 1.00, positive likelihood ratio 15.22 to 283.35, negative likelihood ratio 0.01 to 0.25. A summary receiver operator characteristics (SROC) curve was constructed and showed an area under the curve was 0.9959. Three trials reported significant cost savings using end-tidal @entity1 detectors. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to support the use of capnography or colorimetric capnometry for the identification of nasogastric feeding tube placement in mechanically ventilated @entity0 .

title: Use of end-tidal XXXX detection to determine correct placement of nasogastric tube: a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 , defined as insufficient protein-calorie intake, is highly prevalent in haemodialysis (HD) @entity0 . It is commonly associated with decreased body weight, depleted energy stores (fat tissue) and loss of somatic proteins. It has been suggested that there may be at least two fundamentally different types of @entity6 in HD @entity0 . The first is related to low protein and energy intake. This type of @entity6 may be amenable to adequate nutritional and dialysis support. In contrast, the second type of @entity6 is associated with @entity1 and @entity2 ( @entity4 ). This type of @entity6 is much more difficult to reverse with nutritional support and dialysis therapy, unless the underlying co-morbid conditions and chronic inflammatory response are treated adequately. There is no single measurement which can be used to determine the presence of @entity6 . Therefore, a panel of measurements is recommended, including a measure of body composition, a measure of dietary protein intake and at least one measure of serum protein status. Therapeutic interventions in @entity6 of HD @entity0 include dietary prescription, correction of @entity3 , therapeutic intervention for co-morbidities, an adequate dose of dialysis and finally interventions on dialysis techniques, membrane and dialysate quality. It is a widespread belief that convective treatments give a clinical advantage over standard diffusive HD, when considering the physiological outcomes, such as @entity5 . Since convective treatments are usually performed utilizing synthetic biocompatible membranes, it is very difficult to separate the effects of convection from those of biocompatibility on a given outcome, e.g. the nutritional status of HD @entity0 . There are, to date, no prospective randomized clinical trials with sufficient power in which the effects of convective therapies on the nutritional status of HD @entity0 were compared with those of other dialysis modalities. Morbidity and mortality of HD @entity0 are strictly associated, but not necessarily linked by a cause-effect relationship to some nutritional parameters, notably serum albumin levels. Thus, as the presence of @entity6 is one of the strongest predictors of mortality, the crucial point is to demonstrate the superiority of convective treatments over standard diffusive HD on hard outcomes: morbidity and mortality. Even though almost all available studies support the hypothesis that convection and high-flux biocompatible membranes are associated with reduced morbidity and mortality risks, there is, to date, no absolute proof showing a cause-effect relationship between convection and high-flux biocompatible membranes and the outcome of HD @entity0 . In conclusion, convective therapies offer the opportunity for as yet unrivalled small and/or middle molecular clearance. Regarding short-term complications, there is ample evidence for the fact that haemodynamic stability is better maintained during haemofiltration than during standard HD. Although a beneficial effect of convective therapies was suggested mainly in uncontrolled studies, as far as the nutritional status, the morbidity and the mortality of HD @entity0 are concerned, there appears to be a shortage of well-controlled prospective randomized clinical trials with sufficient power assessing the potential merits of convection.

title: The effect of convection on the nutritional status of haemodialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Until 1985, glucocorticoids and cytotoxic drugs were the only treatments available for @entity10 ( @entity12 ), that is, @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Trials of @entity4 (CsA) treatment of @entity12 , the rationale of which was based on pathophysiologic considerations, have shown that this immunophillin modulator is effective in inducing and maintaining remission in @entity0 suffering from @entity10 . It appears that the best results, in the order of 80% remission rate, are obtained in @entity2 -sensitive cases, essentially @entity9 , and that in @entity2 -resistant @entity5 the drug obtains remission in no more than 20% of the cases. Addition of glucocorticoids increases the success rate to approximately 30% of cases. @entity1 is proportional to previous @entity1 , primary @entity1 ( @entity5 vs @entity9 ) dosage >5.5 mg/kg/day and duration of treatment. The better bioavailability of the new formulation of @entity6 (Neoral), implies that the former dosage recommendations be reconsidered for distinctly lower figures. Repeat renal biopsy after 1 year of continuous CsA treatment is advisable, as stable serum @entity7 levels may be falsely reassuring. CsA dependency is the rule during the first year of treatment. However, in some 25% of cases stable remission may be maintained after slow tapering off following 3-4 years of treatment. Other immunophillin modulators have been tried in the treatment of @entity10 . Despite few preliminary reports indicating some success of @entity8 the effects of this drug do not seem convincingly superior to CsA in terms of remission rate, @entity3 and dependency. @entity11 has not been tried in the treatment of @entity12 . Anecdotal cases of de novo @entity5 induced by @entity11 in transplanted @entity0 might indicate that this drug is in fact contraindicated in the treatment of @entity12 .

title: Treatment of idiopathic XXXX by immunophillin modulation.

answer: @entity12


abstract: Although there exist some reference and stereotactic anatomical @entity0 brain atlases, there is no equivalent @entity1 . A 3D reference atlas of the @entity0 cerebrovasculature that is interactive, stereotactic, very detailed, completely parcellated, fully labeled, extendable, dissectible, deformable, and user friendly, is needed in education, training, research, and clinical applications. We constructed a sophisticated and very detailed @entity1 with 1325 vascular segments, the smallest of 80  m in diameter. The atlas was created from multiple 3 and 7T scans by employing tools and methods developed in our lab. In contrast to a sort of "sampled" vascular geometry cited in the literature, we provide information about the "continuous" geometry of the vascular model measurable in 3D at every location and along any vascular segment for both hemispheres. This @entity1 was validated taking into account domain knowledge from various fields including angiography, neurosurgery, neuroradiology, (clinical) neuroanatomy, and terminology. Validation was considered as a confirmation of the created vascular model to a typical (conventional) cerebrovascular system with nearly average dimensions. It was done in terms of vessel subdivision, origin, course, surrounding anatomy, patterns, length, diameter, and branches. This validation demonstrates that the constructed cerebrovascular model generally represents a normal, typical cerebrovasculature with its dimensions close to average. This 7T atlas along with the vascular model is a rich source of knowledge about the @entity0 cerebrovasculature. The atlas is applicable in education, research, and clinical applications; it has already been applied in deep brain stimulation.

title: Three-dimensional reference and stereotactic atlas of XXXX cerebrovasculature from 7Tesla.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To determine whether the location of the computed tomography (CT) whirl sign can be used to help differentiate caecal from sigmoid @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one @entity0 (mean age 64.6 years) underwent multidetector CT and had confirmed @entity1 . There were 15 @entity0 with @entity3 . Axial and coronal images were retrospectively evaluated on the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) by two reviewers in consensus without knowledge of the final diagnosis to determine whether a CT whirl sign was present and, if so, was the location to the right of midline or in the midline/left. The location of the twisting at imaging was correlated with whether the @entity0 had @entity3 . Fisher's exact test was used to determine whether there was an association between the location of the twist (right versus mid-left) and the location of the @entity1 (caecal versus sigmoid). The non contrast CT (NCCT) examinations of 30 additional @entity0 without @entity1 were evaluated for the presence or absence of a CT whirl sign. RESULTS: All 31 @entity0 with @entity1 had a CT whirl sign. No @entity0 who underwent NCCT for @entity2 demonstrated a CT whirl sign. According to Fisher's exact test, there was a highly significant association (p<0.0001) between the location of the twist (right versus mid-left) and the location of the @entity1 (caecal versus sigmoid). Using the location of the twist as a predictor of whether the @entity3 was caecal or sigmoid provided a correct diagnosis for 93.3% (14/15) of the @entity0 with @entity3 and 100% (16/16) of those with sigmoid @entity3 , yielding an overall diagnostic accuracy of 96.8% (30/31). CONCLUSION: The location of the mesenteric twist (CT whirl sign) is a highly accurate finding in discriminating caecal from sigmoid @entity3 .

title: Can the location of the CT whirl sign assist in differentiating sigmoid from XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: A case of giant pituitary @entity4 was reported. The @entity0 was a 47-year-old @entity0 with visual disturbance. CT scan revealed the huge @entity1 , about 6 cm in diameter, at the midportion over the sella turcica, extending to the frontal, temporal, posterior and @entity6 region. Total resection of the @entity1 was successfully carried out and the difficult post-operative complications were overcome. In this paper we mainly discussed the operative procedure for @entity5 , which usually involve the main cerebral arteries, i.e., A1 and A2 portion of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), anterior communicating artery (ACOMA) and @entity8 (ICA). We used to expose the internal carotid artery at the neck for the temporary occlusion prior to craniotomy. Prolongation of the temporary occlusion time is achieved by intravenous administration of 800 ml-20% @entity7 solution. After bifrontal craniotomy, we approach the @entity1 interhemispherically and expose the A2 portion of ACA. Then anterior communicating artery, A1 portion of ACA and @entity9 are exposed as the @entity1 is extirpated. Under the bifrontal craniotomy, as we separate bilateral Sylvian fissure and interhemisphere, we can get the wide operative field and we can also approach the @entity1 from various direction. Therefore, even the @entity1 is huge, it is possible to remove the @entity1 without @entity2 , vessel and @entity3 .

title: [An operated case of giant pituitary XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity4


abstract: We previously reported that reactive stroma grading in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is predictive of biochemical recurrence in prostatectomies and biopsies. In this study, we tested whether quantifying the percentage of reactive stromal grade 3 (RSG 3; @entity2 pattern) in the entire @entity1 is predictive of @entity3 -specific death. Whole-mount prostatectomies operated by a single surgeon obtained between 1983 and 1998 were reviewed. Reactive stroma was evaluated as described previously, and areas of RSG 3 in the entire @entity1 were registered as percentages of total @entity1 . Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox analyses. In all, 872 cases were evaluable. Quantification of RSG 3 percentage was an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence, analyzed as a continuous or grouped variable. @entity0 with higher RSG 3 percentages (larger @entity1 areas with RSG 3) had a significantly decreased biochemical recurrence-free survival than those with a lower RSG 3 percentage, even within the Gleason score 7 subset of @entity0 . A nomogram introduced this new variable to the model. Furthermore, quantification of RSG 3 percentage was significantly predictive of @entity3 -specific death. Quantification of the RSG 3 ( @entity2 ) area in @entity3 provides additional novel information on prognosis. These data substantiate the concept that the @entity1 microenvironment holds significant predictive information, as well as biological significance.

title: Determining XXXX -specific death through quantification of @entity2 area in prostatectomy specimens.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We previously reported that reactive stroma grading in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is predictive of biochemical recurrence in prostatectomies and biopsies. In this study, we tested whether quantifying the percentage of reactive stromal grade 3 (RSG 3; @entity2 pattern) in the entire @entity1 is predictive of @entity3 -specific death. Whole-mount prostatectomies operated by a single surgeon obtained between 1983 and 1998 were reviewed. Reactive stroma was evaluated as described previously, and areas of RSG 3 in the entire @entity1 were registered as percentages of total @entity1 . Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox analyses. In all, 872 cases were evaluable. Quantification of RSG 3 percentage was an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence, analyzed as a continuous or grouped variable. @entity0 with higher RSG 3 percentages (larger @entity1 areas with RSG 3) had a significantly decreased biochemical recurrence-free survival than those with a lower RSG 3 percentage, even within the Gleason score 7 subset of @entity0 . A nomogram introduced this new variable to the model. Furthermore, quantification of RSG 3 percentage was significantly predictive of @entity3 -specific death. Quantification of the RSG 3 ( @entity2 ) area in @entity3 provides additional novel information on prognosis. These data substantiate the concept that the @entity1 microenvironment holds significant predictive information, as well as biological significance.

title: Determining @entity3 -specific death through quantification of XXXX area in prostatectomy specimens.

answer: @entity2


abstract: It has recently been shown that mutations in @entity4 / @entity4 are responsible for the development of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) in Caucasians. This gene is located near the IDDM7 region and one of its @entity2 polymorphisms, @entity5 , has been associated with type 1 @entity0 (T1DM) in Japanese and Danish populations. The aim of our study is to examine @entity5 for its role in T1DM in Caucasians. We used both population-based case-control analysis and family-based @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Genotyping was carried out by the dot-blotting method using P32. Study subjects comprised 202 type 1 @entity0 cases (mean age at diagnosis: 11.1 years, mean age at examination: 36.4 years) and 139 controls with normal fasting @entity1 . For the @entity3 study, allelic transmission was evaluated in 209 case family trios. The frequency of the Ala45 allele was 70.3 % in cases and 62.9 % in controls (p=0.04), and 47.5 % of cases were Ala45 homozygotes compared to 36.0 % of controls (p=0.03). The @entity3 component of the study did not achieve statistical significance. However, given the high frequency of this variant even among controls, exceptionally large data sets are needed to provide adequate power for this approach. Our case-control study suggests that the Ala45 variant of @entity4 / @entity4 may be associated with T1DM in Caucasians (or in linkage disequilibrium with a causative variant). However, this finding should be confirmed by a much larger family-based study.

title: The XXXX polymorphism of @entity4 / @entity4 gene and susceptibility to @entity0 in caucasians.

answer: @entity5


abstract: It has recently been shown that mutations in @entity4 / @entity4 are responsible for the development of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) in Caucasians. This gene is located near the IDDM7 region and one of its @entity2 polymorphisms, @entity5 , has been associated with type 1 @entity0 (T1DM) in Japanese and Danish populations. The aim of our study is to examine @entity5 for its role in T1DM in Caucasians. We used both population-based case-control analysis and family-based @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Genotyping was carried out by the dot-blotting method using P32. Study subjects comprised 202 type 1 @entity0 cases (mean age at diagnosis: 11.1 years, mean age at examination: 36.4 years) and 139 controls with normal fasting @entity1 . For the @entity3 study, allelic transmission was evaluated in 209 case family trios. The frequency of the Ala45 allele was 70.3 % in cases and 62.9 % in controls (p=0.04), and 47.5 % of cases were Ala45 homozygotes compared to 36.0 % of controls (p=0.03). The @entity3 component of the study did not achieve statistical significance. However, given the high frequency of this variant even among controls, exceptionally large data sets are needed to provide adequate power for this approach. Our case-control study suggests that the Ala45 variant of @entity4 / @entity4 may be associated with T1DM in Caucasians (or in linkage disequilibrium with a causative variant). However, this finding should be confirmed by a much larger family-based study.

title: The @entity5 polymorphism of XXXX / @entity4 gene and susceptibility to @entity0 in caucasians.

answer: @entity4


abstract: It has recently been shown that mutations in @entity4 / @entity4 are responsible for the development of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) in Caucasians. This gene is located near the IDDM7 region and one of its @entity2 polymorphisms, @entity5 , has been associated with type 1 @entity0 (T1DM) in Japanese and Danish populations. The aim of our study is to examine @entity5 for its role in T1DM in Caucasians. We used both population-based case-control analysis and family-based @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Genotyping was carried out by the dot-blotting method using P32. Study subjects comprised 202 type 1 @entity0 cases (mean age at diagnosis: 11.1 years, mean age at examination: 36.4 years) and 139 controls with normal fasting @entity1 . For the @entity3 study, allelic transmission was evaluated in 209 case family trios. The frequency of the Ala45 allele was 70.3 % in cases and 62.9 % in controls (p=0.04), and 47.5 % of cases were Ala45 homozygotes compared to 36.0 % of controls (p=0.03). The @entity3 component of the study did not achieve statistical significance. However, given the high frequency of this variant even among controls, exceptionally large data sets are needed to provide adequate power for this approach. Our case-control study suggests that the Ala45 variant of @entity4 / @entity4 may be associated with T1DM in Caucasians (or in linkage disequilibrium with a causative variant). However, this finding should be confirmed by a much larger family-based study.

title: The @entity5 polymorphism of @entity4 / XXXX gene and susceptibility to @entity0 in caucasians.

answer: @entity4


abstract: It has recently been shown that mutations in @entity4 / @entity4 are responsible for the development of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) in Caucasians. This gene is located near the IDDM7 region and one of its @entity2 polymorphisms, @entity5 , has been associated with type 1 @entity0 (T1DM) in Japanese and Danish populations. The aim of our study is to examine @entity5 for its role in T1DM in Caucasians. We used both population-based case-control analysis and family-based @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Genotyping was carried out by the dot-blotting method using P32. Study subjects comprised 202 type 1 @entity0 cases (mean age at diagnosis: 11.1 years, mean age at examination: 36.4 years) and 139 controls with normal fasting @entity1 . For the @entity3 study, allelic transmission was evaluated in 209 case family trios. The frequency of the Ala45 allele was 70.3 % in cases and 62.9 % in controls (p=0.04), and 47.5 % of cases were Ala45 homozygotes compared to 36.0 % of controls (p=0.03). The @entity3 component of the study did not achieve statistical significance. However, given the high frequency of this variant even among controls, exceptionally large data sets are needed to provide adequate power for this approach. Our case-control study suggests that the Ala45 variant of @entity4 / @entity4 may be associated with T1DM in Caucasians (or in linkage disequilibrium with a causative variant). However, this finding should be confirmed by a much larger family-based study.

title: The @entity5 polymorphism of @entity4 / @entity4 gene and susceptibility to XXXX in caucasians.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is defined as greater than 100% of traumatic subluxation of one vertebral body in the coronal or sagittal plane which usually causes the complete transaction of spinal cord. It is a rare but severe @entity2 . We present four unusual cases of @entity2 causing complete spinal cord transaction, which were operated upon successfully. METHODS: We reviewed the imaging findings of four @entity0 with traumatic thoraco-lumbar spondyloptosis from our radiology database, who presented to our @entity2 centre from August 2008 to September 2008. Four @entity0 were identified with ages ranging from ten to 27  years. All @entity0 had sustained high-energy closed @entity3 . All @entity0 underwent plain radiography, CT and MR imaging. RESULTS: Three @entity0 had @entity1 and one @entity0 had coronal plane spondyloptosis. Complete cord/cauda eqina transection was present in all @entity0 . One @entity0 had low lying cord with complete cord transection. All @entity0 underwent surgery. Reduction of displacement with pedicle screw and rod fixation was carried out to realign the vertebral column. None of the @entity0 recovered neurological function postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, traumatic thoraco-lumbar spondyloptosis is very rare and radiology plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of @entity2 . Surgical reconstruction and stabilisation allows for rehabilitation.

title: Unusual XXXX causing complete transaction of spinal cord.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The predictive value of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in primary staging and response control in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is under discussion. In the present study initial staging and metabolic response of PET-CT was correlated with @entity1 regression and survival in @entity0 with multimodal treatment of @entity3 . METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis on a prospective database for 83 @entity0 with @entity3 (42 squamous cell, 39 @entity4 , 2 @entity2 ) undergoing PET-CT for primary staging. Twenty-four of the @entity0 underwent primary esophagectomy, 9 had palliative treatment, and 50 neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy ( @entity5 , @entity6 ; 50.4 Gy). The PET-CT study was repeated 6 weeks after induction of chemotherapy and compared with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). For response control, the metabolic response ( @entity1 standardized uptake value [SUV] reduction) was correlated with histopathologic (ypT0-4) and histomorphologic response ( @entity1 regression) and survival. RESULTS: At primary staging 81 of 83 @entity3 (97.5%) showed an increased SUV uptake correlating with the EUS @entity1 stage. Suspicious lymph nodes were detected in 51 (61.4%) @entity0 by PET-CT and 66 (79.5%) were detected by EUS. Fifteen @entity0 had additional findings on PET-CT examination leading to a change in therapy in 9 @entity0 (10.3%). Of 50 @entity0 receiving a second PET-CT study, a SUV reduction >50% correlated with major histomorphologic response ( @entity1 regression grade 4, <10% vital @entity1 cells) and histopathologic response (ypT0 ypN0). Furthermore, these @entity0 showed a significantly increased survival (33.1    3.5 months) compared to non-responders (21.7    3.3 months; p = 0.02) and @entity0 after primary surgery (29    3.2 months; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that PET-CT is a valuable tool for primary staging and response control in multimodal treatment of @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Impact of PET-CT on primary staging and response control on multimodal treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 is a profound threat to the brain since @entity0 is its preferred fuel. Thus, decreases in plasma @entity0 must be sensed and appropriate hormonal and neuroendocrine responses generated to restore @entity0 to safe levels (i.e. counterregulatory responses (CRR) to @entity1 ). Recurrent @entity1 impairs these protective mechanisms, resulting in a potentially life-threatening condition known as @entity2 ( @entity2 ). During @entity2 , the glycemic threshold is reset so that @entity0 levels must fall further before the CRR is initiated. The brain plays a critical role in sensing @entity1 and initiating the CRR. Additionally, many neurons may sense changes in plasma and extracellular @entity0 . However, the way in which central @entity0 sensing is integrated to lead to effective initiation of the CRR is unknown. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which this system becomes impaired during @entity2 are also unknown. Glucosensing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) are poised to serve an integrative function in @entity0 homeostasis. First, they sense @entity0 . Second, the VMN receives input from other @entity0 -sensing areas. Finally, the VMN projects to areas linked to the regulation of the sympathoadrenal system that mediates the CRR. This review discusses VMN glucosensing neurons relative to their capacity to play a role in the regulation of the CRR and the generation of @entity2 . Glucosensing neurons in the hindbrain as well as peripheral glucosensors are also considered.

title: Glucosensing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) and XXXX ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 is a profound threat to the brain since @entity0 is its preferred fuel. Thus, decreases in plasma @entity0 must be sensed and appropriate hormonal and neuroendocrine responses generated to restore @entity0 to safe levels (i.e. counterregulatory responses (CRR) to @entity1 ). Recurrent @entity1 impairs these protective mechanisms, resulting in a potentially life-threatening condition known as @entity2 ( @entity2 ). During @entity2 , the glycemic threshold is reset so that @entity0 levels must fall further before the CRR is initiated. The brain plays a critical role in sensing @entity1 and initiating the CRR. Additionally, many neurons may sense changes in plasma and extracellular @entity0 . However, the way in which central @entity0 sensing is integrated to lead to effective initiation of the CRR is unknown. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which this system becomes impaired during @entity2 are also unknown. Glucosensing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) are poised to serve an integrative function in @entity0 homeostasis. First, they sense @entity0 . Second, the VMN receives input from other @entity0 -sensing areas. Finally, the VMN projects to areas linked to the regulation of the sympathoadrenal system that mediates the CRR. This review discusses VMN glucosensing neurons relative to their capacity to play a role in the regulation of the CRR and the generation of @entity2 . Glucosensing neurons in the hindbrain as well as peripheral glucosensors are also considered.

title: Glucosensing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) and @entity2 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this study is to describe the clinical and laboratory features of @entity12 ( @entity12 ) in systemic onset @entity10 (SOJIA) at a tertiary care center in northwest India. Review of medical records of all @entity0 with SOJIA admitted during the period January 1995-December 2008 in Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, was done. Six @entity0 (5 @entity0 and 1 @entity0 ) with SOJIA and @entity12 were identified. Mean age at time of disease onset was 6.5 years. @entity12 was the presenting manifestation of SOJIA in 4 @entity0 . Clinical manifestations included @entity2 (6/6), clinical shock (6/6), @entity1 (5/6), generalized @entity9 (4/6), @entity4 (3/6), @entity6 and abdominal tenderness (3/6), cardiac involvement (3/6), and meningeal irritation (2/6). Laboratory findings at onset of @entity12 included decreasing total leukocyte and platelet counts, @entity5 , elevated transaminases, @entity8 , and @entity11 . Hemophagocytosis was demonstrable in the bone marrow in 4 @entity0 and in the lymph node in 1. For treatment, we used intravenous @entity7 (4/6), oral @entity3 (2/6), and intravenous immunoglobulin (2/6). Outcome was favorable in all @entity0 except one who died of rapidly progressive disease. This paper describes the experience of JIA-related @entity12 in a tertiary Indian center. We have shown that @entity12 can be the early presenting manifestation of evolving SOJIA. Early diagnosis and aggressive management can have a significant impact on the mortality associated with this syndrome. We stress on the role of glucocorticoids in the management of this condition and believe that glucocorticoids have a far more important role in the management of this condition than what has been previously reported.

title: Macrophage activation syndrome in @entity0 with systemic onset XXXX : clinical experience from northwest India.

answer: @entity10


abstract: The objective of this study is to describe the clinical and laboratory features of @entity12 ( @entity12 ) in systemic onset @entity10 (SOJIA) at a tertiary care center in northwest India. Review of medical records of all @entity0 with SOJIA admitted during the period January 1995-December 2008 in Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, was done. Six @entity0 (5 @entity0 and 1 @entity0 ) with SOJIA and @entity12 were identified. Mean age at time of disease onset was 6.5 years. @entity12 was the presenting manifestation of SOJIA in 4 @entity0 . Clinical manifestations included @entity2 (6/6), clinical shock (6/6), @entity1 (5/6), generalized @entity9 (4/6), @entity4 (3/6), @entity6 and abdominal tenderness (3/6), cardiac involvement (3/6), and meningeal irritation (2/6). Laboratory findings at onset of @entity12 included decreasing total leukocyte and platelet counts, @entity5 , elevated transaminases, @entity8 , and @entity11 . Hemophagocytosis was demonstrable in the bone marrow in 4 @entity0 and in the lymph node in 1. For treatment, we used intravenous @entity7 (4/6), oral @entity3 (2/6), and intravenous immunoglobulin (2/6). Outcome was favorable in all @entity0 except one who died of rapidly progressive disease. This paper describes the experience of JIA-related @entity12 in a tertiary Indian center. We have shown that @entity12 can be the early presenting manifestation of evolving SOJIA. Early diagnosis and aggressive management can have a significant impact on the mortality associated with this syndrome. We stress on the role of glucocorticoids in the management of this condition and believe that glucocorticoids have a far more important role in the management of this condition than what has been previously reported.

title: Macrophage activation syndrome in XXXX with systemic onset @entity10 : clinical experience from northwest India.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Findings on Optical Coherence Tomography in Macular Degeneration with Predominantly Classic Subfoveal @entity3 Treated by Photodynamic Therapy with @entity4 . We determined findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in @entity2 with predominantly classic subfoveal @entity3 treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with @entity4 . We performed 21 correlations of central retinal thickness (CRT) on @entity5 with findings on @entity1 angiography (FA) in our study. We quantified CRT on @entity5 in 14 cases before, during and after the end of the treatment. The control group was composed from @entity0 , who were not able to undergo the treatment and therefore it was postponed. CRT on OCT correlated with FA in 95% of cases in our study. Maximal decreasee of CRT is demonstrated during the first three months of treatment. Values of CRT on OCT are in @entity0 after repeated sessions of PDT lower than before the first session. These values can grow up a little for some time due to increase of amount of intraretinal fluid during the first week after the session of PDT. During next follow-up there are no big differences between values of CRT. In the control group CRT on OCT increases progressively during the follow-up.

title: [ Findings on optical coherence tomography in @entity0 with @entity2 treated with photodynamic therapy using XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Findings on Optical Coherence Tomography in Macular Degeneration with Predominantly Classic Subfoveal @entity3 Treated by Photodynamic Therapy with @entity4 . We determined findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in @entity2 with predominantly classic subfoveal @entity3 treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with @entity4 . We performed 21 correlations of central retinal thickness (CRT) on @entity5 with findings on @entity1 angiography (FA) in our study. We quantified CRT on @entity5 in 14 cases before, during and after the end of the treatment. The control group was composed from @entity0 , who were not able to undergo the treatment and therefore it was postponed. CRT on OCT correlated with FA in 95% of cases in our study. Maximal decreasee of CRT is demonstrated during the first three months of treatment. Values of CRT on OCT are in @entity0 after repeated sessions of PDT lower than before the first session. These values can grow up a little for some time due to increase of amount of intraretinal fluid during the first week after the session of PDT. During next follow-up there are no big differences between values of CRT. In the control group CRT on OCT increases progressively during the follow-up.

title: [ Findings on optical coherence tomography in @entity0 with XXXX treated with photodynamic therapy using @entity4 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Findings on Optical Coherence Tomography in Macular Degeneration with Predominantly Classic Subfoveal @entity3 Treated by Photodynamic Therapy with @entity4 . We determined findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in @entity2 with predominantly classic subfoveal @entity3 treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with @entity4 . We performed 21 correlations of central retinal thickness (CRT) on @entity5 with findings on @entity1 angiography (FA) in our study. We quantified CRT on @entity5 in 14 cases before, during and after the end of the treatment. The control group was composed from @entity0 , who were not able to undergo the treatment and therefore it was postponed. CRT on OCT correlated with FA in 95% of cases in our study. Maximal decreasee of CRT is demonstrated during the first three months of treatment. Values of CRT on OCT are in @entity0 after repeated sessions of PDT lower than before the first session. These values can grow up a little for some time due to increase of amount of intraretinal fluid during the first week after the session of PDT. During next follow-up there are no big differences between values of CRT. In the control group CRT on OCT increases progressively during the follow-up.

title: [ Findings on optical coherence tomography in XXXX with @entity2 treated with photodynamic therapy using @entity4 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: From 21 non osteogenic @entity1 submited to surgery, authors bring their surgical experience of that @entity0 . This frequent @entity3 in childwood has generally a good pronostic; it evolves to spontaneous recovery in most of the cases. It is often latent, asymptomatic, and of an accidental diagnosis. The roentgenographic exam allows most often an accurate diagnosis. Sometimes it remains doubtful, and a biopsy is then necessary. The histologic exam will easily confirm the nature of the lesion. In half of the cases, non ossifying @entity1 is revealed by a spontaneous @entity2 . It seems illusive to hope a complete filling of the @entity0 cavity with an orthopaedic treatment alone; it must be done a resection of the @entity0 together with a bone graft and an osteosynthesis. In the end, in some cases of a fortuitous diagnosis, the bone is made so weak that a resection with bone graft is necessary. And so, during the evolution of non osteogenic @entity1 , there is a certain place for surgical treatment.

title: [Non-ossifying XXXX in children: a surgical condition?].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the life goals of @entity0 with long-term @entity1 and to correlate them with measures of disability. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING: Centre for continuing disability management SUBJECTS: @entity0 with static or progressive @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Survey using questionnaires and disability scales. MEASURES: Life goals were identified with a life goals questionnaire. Subjects were also assessed using the Barthel Index, Rivermead Extended Activities of Daily Living Index, Rivermead Mobility Index, Short Orientation Memory Concentration test and Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 Scale. RESULTS: Ninety-three subjects participated in the study. The frequency with which goals were chosen as extremely important was: family 64; personal care 59; residential arrangements 58; partner 53; social contacts 30; financial status 29; leisure 26; religion 22; and work 19. Positive correlation was noted between stated importance of: personal care and independence in ADL; work and independence; partner and cognitive ability; religion and age; and financial status and @entity2 . There was negative correlation between grades of personal care and @entity3 , work and age, residential arrangements and RMI, and social contact and @entity2 and @entity3 . @entity3 @entity0 rated fewer goals as being of extreme importance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with disabilities attach great significance to relationships and personal care. Grades of life goals correlated with measures of disability, cognition and emotion.

title: Life goals of @entity0 with disabilities due to XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the life goals of @entity0 with long-term @entity1 and to correlate them with measures of disability. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING: Centre for continuing disability management SUBJECTS: @entity0 with static or progressive @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Survey using questionnaires and disability scales. MEASURES: Life goals were identified with a life goals questionnaire. Subjects were also assessed using the Barthel Index, Rivermead Extended Activities of Daily Living Index, Rivermead Mobility Index, Short Orientation Memory Concentration test and Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 Scale. RESULTS: Ninety-three subjects participated in the study. The frequency with which goals were chosen as extremely important was: family 64; personal care 59; residential arrangements 58; partner 53; social contacts 30; financial status 29; leisure 26; religion 22; and work 19. Positive correlation was noted between stated importance of: personal care and independence in ADL; work and independence; partner and cognitive ability; religion and age; and financial status and @entity2 . There was negative correlation between grades of personal care and @entity3 , work and age, residential arrangements and RMI, and social contact and @entity2 and @entity3 . @entity3 @entity0 rated fewer goals as being of extreme importance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with disabilities attach great significance to relationships and personal care. Grades of life goals correlated with measures of disability, cognition and emotion.

title: Life goals of XXXX with disabilities due to @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess inter-rater reliability of the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) when used by occupational therapists in @entity1 @entity0 . DESIGN: Independent administration of the FAI by occupational therapists in 45 @entity1 outpatients. SETTING: Outpatient departments of two Dutch rehabilitation centres. STATISTICS: Agreement between pairs of raters was assessed at item level using weighted Kappa and the percentage absolute agreement and for the total score using @entity2 ( @entity2 ), Bland-Altman plots and computation of the smallest real difference (SMR). RESULTS: @entity2 of the total score was good (0.90; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.82-0.94). The Bland-Altman plot did not reveal relationships between agreement and height of scores. Reliability at item level was good (kappa >0.60) in 11 out of 15 items. The item 'gainful work' showed high agreement but a low kappa due to an extremely skewed score distribution. Reliability was insufficient in three items: 'local shopping', 'social occasions' and 'actively pursuing hobby'. Clarification of scoring instructions of these items might further improve the inter-rater reliability of the FAI. CONCLUSION: The FAI is a reliable instrument to measure outcomes of outpatient rehabilitation in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Good inter-rater reliability of the Frenchay Activities Index in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess inter-rater reliability of the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) when used by occupational therapists in @entity1 @entity0 . DESIGN: Independent administration of the FAI by occupational therapists in 45 @entity1 outpatients. SETTING: Outpatient departments of two Dutch rehabilitation centres. STATISTICS: Agreement between pairs of raters was assessed at item level using weighted Kappa and the percentage absolute agreement and for the total score using @entity2 ( @entity2 ), Bland-Altman plots and computation of the smallest real difference (SMR). RESULTS: @entity2 of the total score was good (0.90; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.82-0.94). The Bland-Altman plot did not reveal relationships between agreement and height of scores. Reliability at item level was good (kappa >0.60) in 11 out of 15 items. The item 'gainful work' showed high agreement but a low kappa due to an extremely skewed score distribution. Reliability was insufficient in three items: 'local shopping', 'social occasions' and 'actively pursuing hobby'. Clarification of scoring instructions of these items might further improve the inter-rater reliability of the FAI. CONCLUSION: The FAI is a reliable instrument to measure outcomes of outpatient rehabilitation in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Good inter-rater reliability of the Frenchay Activities Index in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We report three cases of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), all with @entity3 , @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and ventricular preexcitation. In cases 1 and 2, the ECG revealed sinus rhythm, with type A fusion preexcitation QRS complexes, suggesting left-sided Kent bundles and intact @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Complete serial section (SS) of the @entity0 in both cases revealed an anterior @entity0 and a Kent bundle in the posteroseptal wall of the morphologic right ventricle (MRV). Case 3 had intermittent preexcitation, with periods of complete @entity0 with narrow QRS escape rhythm. The preexcitation complexes suggested the presence of a left lateral Kent bundle. SS of the @entity0 revealed a blind posterior and two anterior AV nodes, one on either side of the pulmonary trunk. The left anterior AV node was blind. The right anterior node formed the anterior bundle, which ended blindly. This bundle emerged again and joined a posterior bundle to form an interrupted sling around the closed @entity1 . In addition, there was a tenous Kent bundle at the posterolateral wall of the MRV. In summary: (1) preexcitation in @entity2 with @entity3 of the left AV valve is associated with Kent bundles; (2) fusion complexes reflected intact @entity0 ; and (3) intermittent preexcitation with @entity0 was associated with the presence of tenuous Kent bundl and discontinuity of the @entity0 .

title: The anatomic substrate for preexcitation in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sequential small intestinal biopsies from @entity0 with @entity2 were studied by scanning electron microscopy before and after dietary treatment. Compared with @entity0 without evidence of @entity1 , there were marked architectural changes. Before treatment, villi were absent and crypts were prominent. After treatment, the intestinal repair could be divided into stages. The first stage consisted of circular ridges surrounding the crypts. Unequal cellular repletion around the crypts resulted in the formation of horseshoe shaped ridges. Elongation of the arms of the horseshoes led to the formation of cerebriform ridges. Mitten-like villi were formed in the last stage by the development of furrows and septation of the ridges. The scanning electron microscope is a useful adjunct to the light microscopic and dissecting microscopic assessment of small intestinal biopsies. It can detect changes not possible with either light microscopy or the dissecting microscope and may be a more sensitive technique for the morphological assessment of @entity0 response to treatment for @entity2 .

title: Scanning electron microscopy of small intestinal repair following treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical experience of trastuzumab treatment in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, metastatic setting of Chinese @entity1 with @entity4 positive @entity0 and evaluate the efficacy of trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy. METHODS: From January 2004 to December 2008, 141 outpatients with @entity0 treated with trastuzumab were investigated retrospectively. The follow-up time ranged from 3 to 319 months. The disease free survival time (DFS) of metastatic setting was calculated. The @entity3 ( @entity3 ), time to treatment failure (TTF) and clinical response rate (CRR, including complete response, partial response and stable disease) of adjuvant, first-line, second-line therapy were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: In the neoadjuvant regimen, @entity2 plus @entity5 in combination with trastuzumab accounted for 66.7%, which achieved pathological complete response in 10 of 16 @entity1 . In the adjuvant regimen, @entity7 or @entity7 followed by @entity6 accounted for 53.9%. The median DFS of 57 cases with metastatic diseases was 17 months. The CRR of first-line trastuzumab use in metastatic setting was 84.5%, compared with 44.4% of second-line use. The median TTF of first-line treatment was 24 months compared with 5 months of second-line treatment. Statistically significant differences were observed. CONCLUSION: The regimen of @entity2 plus @entity5 in combination with trastuzumab deserves wide clinical use. In metastatic setting, first-line treatment of trastuzumab plus chemotherapy can achieve a higher response rate than second-line treatment. Continued trastuzumab therapy combined with different chemotherapy treatment after disease progression may obtain additive clinical advantage.

title: [Retrospective analysis of trastuzumab treatment in 141 @entity1 with XXXX positive @entity0 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical experience of trastuzumab treatment in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, metastatic setting of Chinese @entity1 with @entity4 positive @entity0 and evaluate the efficacy of trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy. METHODS: From January 2004 to December 2008, 141 outpatients with @entity0 treated with trastuzumab were investigated retrospectively. The follow-up time ranged from 3 to 319 months. The disease free survival time (DFS) of metastatic setting was calculated. The @entity3 ( @entity3 ), time to treatment failure (TTF) and clinical response rate (CRR, including complete response, partial response and stable disease) of adjuvant, first-line, second-line therapy were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: In the neoadjuvant regimen, @entity2 plus @entity5 in combination with trastuzumab accounted for 66.7%, which achieved pathological complete response in 10 of 16 @entity1 . In the adjuvant regimen, @entity7 or @entity7 followed by @entity6 accounted for 53.9%. The median DFS of 57 cases with metastatic diseases was 17 months. The CRR of first-line trastuzumab use in metastatic setting was 84.5%, compared with 44.4% of second-line use. The median TTF of first-line treatment was 24 months compared with 5 months of second-line treatment. Statistically significant differences were observed. CONCLUSION: The regimen of @entity2 plus @entity5 in combination with trastuzumab deserves wide clinical use. In metastatic setting, first-line treatment of trastuzumab plus chemotherapy can achieve a higher response rate than second-line treatment. Continued trastuzumab therapy combined with different chemotherapy treatment after disease progression may obtain additive clinical advantage.

title: [Retrospective analysis of trastuzumab treatment in 141 @entity1 with @entity4 positive XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical experience of trastuzumab treatment in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, metastatic setting of Chinese @entity1 with @entity4 positive @entity0 and evaluate the efficacy of trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy. METHODS: From January 2004 to December 2008, 141 outpatients with @entity0 treated with trastuzumab were investigated retrospectively. The follow-up time ranged from 3 to 319 months. The disease free survival time (DFS) of metastatic setting was calculated. The @entity3 ( @entity3 ), time to treatment failure (TTF) and clinical response rate (CRR, including complete response, partial response and stable disease) of adjuvant, first-line, second-line therapy were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: In the neoadjuvant regimen, @entity2 plus @entity5 in combination with trastuzumab accounted for 66.7%, which achieved pathological complete response in 10 of 16 @entity1 . In the adjuvant regimen, @entity7 or @entity7 followed by @entity6 accounted for 53.9%. The median DFS of 57 cases with metastatic diseases was 17 months. The CRR of first-line trastuzumab use in metastatic setting was 84.5%, compared with 44.4% of second-line use. The median TTF of first-line treatment was 24 months compared with 5 months of second-line treatment. Statistically significant differences were observed. CONCLUSION: The regimen of @entity2 plus @entity5 in combination with trastuzumab deserves wide clinical use. In metastatic setting, first-line treatment of trastuzumab plus chemotherapy can achieve a higher response rate than second-line treatment. Continued trastuzumab therapy combined with different chemotherapy treatment after disease progression may obtain additive clinical advantage.

title: [Retrospective analysis of trastuzumab treatment in 141 XXXX with @entity4 positive @entity0 ].

answer: @entity1