abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is an important complication in @entity0 with @entity1 . Since recent studies have shown that @entity6 ( @entity10 ) disturbance plays an important role in @entity4 and cardiovascular mortality, the interest on @entity6 has grown recently. Although much concern focused on the effect of @entity10 on @entity3 ( @entity3 ) levels, however, the influence of @entity3 on serum @entity10 levels is nearly unexplored. To evaluate the effect of @entity3 on serum @entity10 levels, we first described the relationship between serum @entity10 and @entity3 in @entity8 . Besides, we also monitored the changes of serum @entity10 concentration after parathyroidectomy ( @entity9 ) in 23 @entity0 . In our study, we found that hypermagnesemia (>2.5   @entity10 /dL) occurred in up to 44% of cases and @entity5 did not present. No statistically signi   cant correlations were found between serum @entity10 levels and @entity3 (r   =   -0.143, p   =   0.134). Correlation analysis and regression analysis suggested that the derangement of @entity6 homeostasis was consistent with the derangement of @entity2 / @entity7 homeostasis. However, after @entity9 , serum @entity6 levels dropped immediately after the surgery, minimally at the first day and gradually restored from the third day. The changes of serum @entity10 after surgery was positive correlated with the changes of serum @entity11 (r   =   0.558, p   =   0.003). Taken altogether, our data suggested that the therapeutic strategies to achieve optimum serum @entity6 levels in @entity4 should take into account the varying stages of disease development since @entity3 could also influence @entity6 metabolism and this problem might be important in severe @entity8 .

title: Effect of XXXX on serum @entity6 levels: the neglected relationship in hemodialysis @entity0 with @entity8 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is an important complication in @entity0 with @entity1 . Since recent studies have shown that @entity6 ( @entity10 ) disturbance plays an important role in @entity4 and cardiovascular mortality, the interest on @entity6 has grown recently. Although much concern focused on the effect of @entity10 on @entity3 ( @entity3 ) levels, however, the influence of @entity3 on serum @entity10 levels is nearly unexplored. To evaluate the effect of @entity3 on serum @entity10 levels, we first described the relationship between serum @entity10 and @entity3 in @entity8 . Besides, we also monitored the changes of serum @entity10 concentration after parathyroidectomy ( @entity9 ) in 23 @entity0 . In our study, we found that hypermagnesemia (>2.5   @entity10 /dL) occurred in up to 44% of cases and @entity5 did not present. No statistically signi   cant correlations were found between serum @entity10 levels and @entity3 (r   =   -0.143, p   =   0.134). Correlation analysis and regression analysis suggested that the derangement of @entity6 homeostasis was consistent with the derangement of @entity2 / @entity7 homeostasis. However, after @entity9 , serum @entity6 levels dropped immediately after the surgery, minimally at the first day and gradually restored from the third day. The changes of serum @entity10 after surgery was positive correlated with the changes of serum @entity11 (r   =   0.558, p   =   0.003). Taken altogether, our data suggested that the therapeutic strategies to achieve optimum serum @entity6 levels in @entity4 should take into account the varying stages of disease development since @entity3 could also influence @entity6 metabolism and this problem might be important in severe @entity8 .

title: Effect of @entity3 on serum @entity6 levels: the neglected relationship in hemodialysis @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is an important complication in @entity0 with @entity1 . Since recent studies have shown that @entity6 ( @entity10 ) disturbance plays an important role in @entity4 and cardiovascular mortality, the interest on @entity6 has grown recently. Although much concern focused on the effect of @entity10 on @entity3 ( @entity3 ) levels, however, the influence of @entity3 on serum @entity10 levels is nearly unexplored. To evaluate the effect of @entity3 on serum @entity10 levels, we first described the relationship between serum @entity10 and @entity3 in @entity8 . Besides, we also monitored the changes of serum @entity10 concentration after parathyroidectomy ( @entity9 ) in 23 @entity0 . In our study, we found that hypermagnesemia (>2.5   @entity10 /dL) occurred in up to 44% of cases and @entity5 did not present. No statistically signi   cant correlations were found between serum @entity10 levels and @entity3 (r   =   -0.143, p   =   0.134). Correlation analysis and regression analysis suggested that the derangement of @entity6 homeostasis was consistent with the derangement of @entity2 / @entity7 homeostasis. However, after @entity9 , serum @entity6 levels dropped immediately after the surgery, minimally at the first day and gradually restored from the third day. The changes of serum @entity10 after surgery was positive correlated with the changes of serum @entity11 (r   =   0.558, p   =   0.003). Taken altogether, our data suggested that the therapeutic strategies to achieve optimum serum @entity6 levels in @entity4 should take into account the varying stages of disease development since @entity3 could also influence @entity6 metabolism and this problem might be important in severe @entity8 .

title: Effect of @entity3 on serum XXXX levels: the neglected relationship in hemodialysis @entity0 with @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is an important complication in @entity0 with @entity1 . Since recent studies have shown that @entity6 ( @entity10 ) disturbance plays an important role in @entity4 and cardiovascular mortality, the interest on @entity6 has grown recently. Although much concern focused on the effect of @entity10 on @entity3 ( @entity3 ) levels, however, the influence of @entity3 on serum @entity10 levels is nearly unexplored. To evaluate the effect of @entity3 on serum @entity10 levels, we first described the relationship between serum @entity10 and @entity3 in @entity8 . Besides, we also monitored the changes of serum @entity10 concentration after parathyroidectomy ( @entity9 ) in 23 @entity0 . In our study, we found that hypermagnesemia (>2.5   @entity10 /dL) occurred in up to 44% of cases and @entity5 did not present. No statistically signi   cant correlations were found between serum @entity10 levels and @entity3 (r   =   -0.143, p   =   0.134). Correlation analysis and regression analysis suggested that the derangement of @entity6 homeostasis was consistent with the derangement of @entity2 / @entity7 homeostasis. However, after @entity9 , serum @entity6 levels dropped immediately after the surgery, minimally at the first day and gradually restored from the third day. The changes of serum @entity10 after surgery was positive correlated with the changes of serum @entity11 (r   =   0.558, p   =   0.003). Taken altogether, our data suggested that the therapeutic strategies to achieve optimum serum @entity6 levels in @entity4 should take into account the varying stages of disease development since @entity3 could also influence @entity6 metabolism and this problem might be important in severe @entity8 .

title: Effect of @entity3 on serum @entity6 levels: the neglected relationship in hemodialysis XXXX with @entity8 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The antihypertensive effect of @entity4 which has a preferential antagonistic action in the @entity2 channels of vascular smooth muscle was studied in several series of @entity0 . A preliminary double-blind placebo study in 7 moderate @entity1 @entity0 showed that a 10 mg capsule of @entity4 induced a significant @entity3 (max. - 14%) which persisted for 3 hours in ambulatory @entity0 . A crossover trial against @entity5 (1 mg/kg) in 12 moderately @entity1 @entity0 illustrated the antihypertensive effects of 2 capsules (20 mg) of @entity4 . The onset of action was faster and the effects, which were more intense than those of @entity5 , lasted several hours. A double-blind crossover trial against placebo was performed with 3 doses (20, 40, 60 mg) of a tablet form of @entity4 in 8 @entity1 @entity0 . The degree and duration of the fall in blood pressure depended on the dosage: - 11% and 7 hours with 20 mg; - 14% and 10 hours with 40 mg and - 18% and 12 hours with 60 mg. This study demonstrated a direct relationship between the plasma concentration of @entity4 and the associated fall in mean blood pressure. Finally, in a chronic study of 20 @entity1 @entity0 receiving 2 X 20 mg daily of the tablet form of @entity4 alone for 3 weeks, an 8% fall in blood pressure was observed, normalising the values in 50% of cases. @entity0 who remained @entity1 were given 2 X 40 mg of the @entity4 tablets for another 3 weeks and an additional 7% fall in blood pressure was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Evaluation of the antihypertensive effect of capsule and tablet forms of @entity4 in moderate XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The antihypertensive effect of @entity4 which has a preferential antagonistic action in the @entity2 channels of vascular smooth muscle was studied in several series of @entity0 . A preliminary double-blind placebo study in 7 moderate @entity1 @entity0 showed that a 10 mg capsule of @entity4 induced a significant @entity3 (max. - 14%) which persisted for 3 hours in ambulatory @entity0 . A crossover trial against @entity5 (1 mg/kg) in 12 moderately @entity1 @entity0 illustrated the antihypertensive effects of 2 capsules (20 mg) of @entity4 . The onset of action was faster and the effects, which were more intense than those of @entity5 , lasted several hours. A double-blind crossover trial against placebo was performed with 3 doses (20, 40, 60 mg) of a tablet form of @entity4 in 8 @entity1 @entity0 . The degree and duration of the fall in blood pressure depended on the dosage: - 11% and 7 hours with 20 mg; - 14% and 10 hours with 40 mg and - 18% and 12 hours with 60 mg. This study demonstrated a direct relationship between the plasma concentration of @entity4 and the associated fall in mean blood pressure. Finally, in a chronic study of 20 @entity1 @entity0 receiving 2 X 20 mg daily of the tablet form of @entity4 alone for 3 weeks, an 8% fall in blood pressure was observed, normalising the values in 50% of cases. @entity0 who remained @entity1 were given 2 X 40 mg of the @entity4 tablets for another 3 weeks and an additional 7% fall in blood pressure was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Evaluation of the antihypertensive effect of capsule and tablet forms of XXXX in moderate @entity1 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a 20 mg tablet preparation of @entity2 alone in twice daily dosage, in the treatment of moderate @entity1 (95 greater than or equal to @entity4 less than or equal to 115 mmHg). Efficacy was defined as the ability to maintain treatment for 6 months with a fall in @entity4 of a least 5 mmHg after the first month, and with a @entity4 100 mmHg from the second month. One hundred and seventy seven @entity0 were recruited from november 1981 to december 1982, 55% during the first three months of the trial. There were 95 @entity0 (54%) and 82 @entity0 , with a mean age of 55.6 +/- 10 years. The @entity4 ranged from 96 to 111 mmHg in 80% of cases. The @entity0 were randomly allocated in lots of 6, to three groups: placebo (58 @entity0 ), @entity2 (57 @entity0 ) and @entity3 (61 @entity0 ). The comparability of 21 parameters amongst these 3 groups was verified. After 1 month of placebo, 25 @entity0 did not meet the criteria of inclusion and were excluded from the study. During this phase, 19 @entity0 (10.5%) complained of at least one side effect. Of the 152 @entity0 who received active treatment, 34 (22.4%) were "wrongly included", 17 did not complete the test period for undefined reasons and were considered to have been "lost to follow-up", and 6 @entity0 "deviated" from the protocol. These 3 groups were taken into account in the statistical analysis of the graphs of non-failure.

title: [Antihypertensive effect of a new form of XXXX compared to a beta-blocker during chronic administration].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Operative treatment of geriatric @entity2 is challenging and controversial. There are few studies focusing on the clinical features and operative outcomes of @entity2 in the elderly. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the clinical features and operative results of these @entity2 . METHODS: Thirty-three displaced @entity2 in @entity0 >65 years old (mean age: 72.1 years, range: 65-94 years) were treated operatively. We investigated the mechanisms of injury, @entity2 types according to the Schatzker classification, incidences of soft tissue injury, and @entity3 . Clinical and radiographic data were analyzed in 23 @entity0 at the last follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 4.0 years (range: 1-13 years). Twenty-one @entity0 were treated with open reduction and internal fixation and evaluated using the Rasmussen clinical and radiologic scores. Two @entity0 with advanced @entity4 were treated primarily with total knee arthroplasty and assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score for the @entity5 . RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity0 (72.7%) were injured by low-energy @entity1 such as a simple fall. Four @entity0 had @entity6 and required fasciotomies. Rasmussen clinical and radiologic scores were satisfactory in 85.7% and 81.0% of @entity0 , respectively. Two @entity0 treated primarily with total knee arthroplasty showed no radiologic abnormality, and their Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores were both 70 points. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 , although mostly due to low-energy @entity1 , were often accompanied with severe comminution and @entity6 . Postoperative results of open reduction and internal fixation for this population were relatively good. Therefore, primary total knee arthroplasty should only be considered for well-selected @entity0 .

title: XXXX : Clinical features and surgical outcomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are a challenging clinical entity. The vast majority of @entity0 are operated on when @entity1 are advanced. We report herein a case of @entity7 , mimicking @entity6 and treated successfully via laparoscopy. METHODS: A 37-year-old @entity0 , para 1, was admitted to our department for right lower quadrant @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity5 . She had no changes in gastrointestinal and urologic function. A physical examination revealed the presence of abdominal guarding, rebound, and a tender mass in the right lower quadrant. The abdominal ultrasound showed an inhomogeneous ovoid mass (6 cm in diameter) located below the cecum, with no definite margins, and consistent with an @entity8 . The @entity0 was referred for laparoscopy. The procedure was performed with the aid of 3 ports: a 12-mm trocar in the umbilicus (open technique), a 10-mm trocar in the left iliac fossa, and a 5-mm one in the supra-pubic space. On inspection of the abdominal cavity, a retroperitoneal 6-cm mass was immediately found below the cecum and the appendix. Neither intraperitoneal seeding nor suspected lymph nodes were present. After dissection of the parietal peritoneum, the mass appeared to be encapsulated and well demarcated from all surrounding structures. It was eventually dissected and removed via a plastic bag. A standard appendectomy was also performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the @entity0 was discharged on the 3rd day. The histology analysis of the resected specimen showed a totally excised @entity7 . The appendix had no signs of @entity2 . Postoperatively, the @entity0 underwent a total-body CT-scan, which had no signs of residual or distant disease. No adjuvant therapy was necessary. At an 18-month follow-up, the @entity0 was doing well and was disease free. CONCLUSION: Surgery represents the main therapeutic option for resectable @entity7 . Laparoscopy is a useful diagnostic tool that allows safe resection of incidentally discovered, small and well encapsulated @entity7 .

title: XXXX mimicking @entity6 : laparoscopic management.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are a challenging clinical entity. The vast majority of @entity0 are operated on when @entity1 are advanced. We report herein a case of @entity7 , mimicking @entity6 and treated successfully via laparoscopy. METHODS: A 37-year-old @entity0 , para 1, was admitted to our department for right lower quadrant @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity5 . She had no changes in gastrointestinal and urologic function. A physical examination revealed the presence of abdominal guarding, rebound, and a tender mass in the right lower quadrant. The abdominal ultrasound showed an inhomogeneous ovoid mass (6 cm in diameter) located below the cecum, with no definite margins, and consistent with an @entity8 . The @entity0 was referred for laparoscopy. The procedure was performed with the aid of 3 ports: a 12-mm trocar in the umbilicus (open technique), a 10-mm trocar in the left iliac fossa, and a 5-mm one in the supra-pubic space. On inspection of the abdominal cavity, a retroperitoneal 6-cm mass was immediately found below the cecum and the appendix. Neither intraperitoneal seeding nor suspected lymph nodes were present. After dissection of the parietal peritoneum, the mass appeared to be encapsulated and well demarcated from all surrounding structures. It was eventually dissected and removed via a plastic bag. A standard appendectomy was also performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the @entity0 was discharged on the 3rd day. The histology analysis of the resected specimen showed a totally excised @entity7 . The appendix had no signs of @entity2 . Postoperatively, the @entity0 underwent a total-body CT-scan, which had no signs of residual or distant disease. No adjuvant therapy was necessary. At an 18-month follow-up, the @entity0 was doing well and was disease free. CONCLUSION: Surgery represents the main therapeutic option for resectable @entity7 . Laparoscopy is a useful diagnostic tool that allows safe resection of incidentally discovered, small and well encapsulated @entity7 .

title: @entity7 mimicking XXXX : laparoscopic management.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Open reduction and plate fixation has gained recognition as an effective treatment for certain types of @entity2 . However, 88% of cases report some implant-related problems. To determine the optimal plate position, the aim of the present study was to compare implant-related @entity1 and proportion of plate removal in @entity0 with @entity2 undergoing plate fixation by an anteroinferior or superior approach. METHODS: Retrospectively collected data of 39 @entity0 who underwent anteroinferior plating for displaced @entity2 were compared with prospectively collected data of 60 @entity0 who were treated with superior plate fixation as part of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Electronic medical records were reviewed for reports of complications, in particular, implant-related @entity1 and implant removal during follow-up. In addition, all @entity0 were contacted in June 2014 to obtain additional information. The primary outcome parameter was implant-related @entity1 . RESULTS: Univariate and multivariate regression analysis showed plate position was not significantly associated with implant-related @entity1 . Higher rates of asymptomatic @entity0 with the plate still in place were observed in the anteroinferior group (46% vs 22%, P = .01). Almost an equal percentage of implant removals was seen in both groups because of implant @entity1 (36% vs 37%, P = .938). CONCLUSIONS: The present study found the surgical approach of clavicular plating was not associated with implant-related @entity1 . Future studies are needed to determine whether there is an optimal approach for clavicle plating.

title: Anteroinferior versus superior plating of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Biopolymers produced extracellularly by @entity2 KT2442 were examined via atomic force microscopy (AFM) and single molecule force spectroscopy. Surface biopolymers were probed in solutions with added salt concentrations ranging from that of pure water to 1 M @entity1 . By studying the physicochemical properties of the polymers over this range of salt concentrations, we observed a transition in the steric and electrostatic properties and in the conformation of the biopolymers that were each directly related to bioadhesion. In low salt solutions, the electrophoretic mobility of the bacterium was negative, and large theoretical energy barriers to adhesion were predicted from soft-particle DLVO theory calculations. The brush layer in low salt solution was extended due to electrostatic repulsion, and therefore, steric repulsion was also high (polymers extended 440 nm from surface in pure water). The extended polymer brush layer was "soft", characterized by the slope of the compliance region of the AFM approach curves (-0.014 nN/nm). These properties resulted in low adhesion between biopolymers and the @entity3 AFM tip. As the salt concentration increased to > or =0.01 M, a transition was observed toward a more rigid and compressed polymer brush layer, and the adhesion forces increased. In 1 M @entity1 , the polymer brush extended 120 nm from the surface and the @entity0 of the outer cell surface was greater (slope of the compliance region = -0.114 nN/nm). A compressed and more rigid polymer layer, as well as a less negative electrophoretic mobility for the bacterium, resulted in higher adhesion forces between the biopolymers and the AFM tip. Scaling theories for polyelectrolyte brushes were also used to explain the behavior of the biopolymer brush layer as a function of salt concentration.

title: Role of ionic strength on the relationship of biopolymer conformation, DLVO contributions, and steric interactions to bioadhesion of XXXX KT2442.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 are unable to synthesize @entity1 ( @entity7 ), yet it is required as a cofactor in many critical biochemical reactions. The majority of @entity0 dietary @entity7 is obtained from plants. In @entity2 , a @entity3 - @entity4 pyrophosphorylase (GMPP), @entity8 ( @entity8 ), catalyzes a rate-limiting step in @entity7 synthesis: the formation of @entity3 - @entity0 . In this study, we identified two @entity6 sugar pyrophosphorylase-like proteins, KONJAC1 (KJC1) and KJC2, which stimulate the activity of @entity8 . The kjc1kjc2 double mutant exhibited severe @entity5 , indicating that KJC proteins are important for growth and development. The kjc1 mutation reduced GMPP activity to 10% of wild-type levels, leading to a 60% reduction in @entity7 levels. On the contrary, overexpression of KJC1 significantly increased GMPP activity. The kjc1 and kjc1kjc2 mutants also exhibited significantly reduced levels of glucomannan, which is also synthesized from @entity3 - @entity0 . Recombinant KJC1 and KJC2 enhanced the GMPP activity of recombinant @entity8 in vitro, while KJCs did not show GMPP activity. Yeast two-hybrid assays suggested that the stimulation of GMPP activity occurs via interaction of KJCs with @entity8 . These results suggest that KJCs are key factors for the generation of @entity3 - @entity0 and affect @entity7 level and glucomannan accumulation through the stimulation of @entity8 GMPP activity.

title: KONJAC1 and 2 Are Key Factors for XXXX -Mannose Generation and Affect @entity1 and Glucomannan Biosynthesis in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 are unable to synthesize @entity1 ( @entity7 ), yet it is required as a cofactor in many critical biochemical reactions. The majority of @entity0 dietary @entity7 is obtained from plants. In @entity2 , a @entity3 - @entity4 pyrophosphorylase (GMPP), @entity8 ( @entity8 ), catalyzes a rate-limiting step in @entity7 synthesis: the formation of @entity3 - @entity0 . In this study, we identified two @entity6 sugar pyrophosphorylase-like proteins, KONJAC1 (KJC1) and KJC2, which stimulate the activity of @entity8 . The kjc1kjc2 double mutant exhibited severe @entity5 , indicating that KJC proteins are important for growth and development. The kjc1 mutation reduced GMPP activity to 10% of wild-type levels, leading to a 60% reduction in @entity7 levels. On the contrary, overexpression of KJC1 significantly increased GMPP activity. The kjc1 and kjc1kjc2 mutants also exhibited significantly reduced levels of glucomannan, which is also synthesized from @entity3 - @entity0 . Recombinant KJC1 and KJC2 enhanced the GMPP activity of recombinant @entity8 in vitro, while KJCs did not show GMPP activity. Yeast two-hybrid assays suggested that the stimulation of GMPP activity occurs via interaction of KJCs with @entity8 . These results suggest that KJCs are key factors for the generation of @entity3 - @entity0 and affect @entity7 level and glucomannan accumulation through the stimulation of @entity8 GMPP activity.

title: KONJAC1 and 2 Are Key Factors for @entity3 -Mannose Generation and Affect XXXX and Glucomannan Biosynthesis in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 are unable to synthesize @entity1 ( @entity7 ), yet it is required as a cofactor in many critical biochemical reactions. The majority of @entity0 dietary @entity7 is obtained from plants. In @entity2 , a @entity3 - @entity4 pyrophosphorylase (GMPP), @entity8 ( @entity8 ), catalyzes a rate-limiting step in @entity7 synthesis: the formation of @entity3 - @entity0 . In this study, we identified two @entity6 sugar pyrophosphorylase-like proteins, KONJAC1 (KJC1) and KJC2, which stimulate the activity of @entity8 . The kjc1kjc2 double mutant exhibited severe @entity5 , indicating that KJC proteins are important for growth and development. The kjc1 mutation reduced GMPP activity to 10% of wild-type levels, leading to a 60% reduction in @entity7 levels. On the contrary, overexpression of KJC1 significantly increased GMPP activity. The kjc1 and kjc1kjc2 mutants also exhibited significantly reduced levels of glucomannan, which is also synthesized from @entity3 - @entity0 . Recombinant KJC1 and KJC2 enhanced the GMPP activity of recombinant @entity8 in vitro, while KJCs did not show GMPP activity. Yeast two-hybrid assays suggested that the stimulation of GMPP activity occurs via interaction of KJCs with @entity8 . These results suggest that KJCs are key factors for the generation of @entity3 - @entity0 and affect @entity7 level and glucomannan accumulation through the stimulation of @entity8 GMPP activity.

title: KONJAC1 and 2 Are Key Factors for @entity3 -Mannose Generation and Affect @entity1 and Glucomannan Biosynthesis in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Between 1960 and 1983, 38 @entity0 underwent multiple operations for treatment of recurrent @entity4 . There were 23 @entity0 and 15 @entity0 who ranged in age from eight to 69 years old (a mean of 48.5 years). The cause of @entity1 requiring repeat operation was determined roentgenographically, three @entity0 had new disease of the contralateral nonoperated renal artery, 21 @entity0 had a new lesion of the ipsilateral (previously operated) renal artery and 14 @entity0 had new lesions of both the previously operated and nonoperated renal arteries. Thirty @entity0 underwent a secondary unilateral operation and eight had a bilateral operation. Sixteen @entity0 had unilateral renal artery revascularization, 14 had unilateral nephrectomy, three had bilateral revascularization and five had unilateral revascularization with contralateral nephrectomy. There were three operative @entity2 (an operative mortality of 7.9 per cent). At hospital dismissal, 30 of 35 @entity0 were improved. Follow-up study ranged from seven months to 23 years (a mean of 7.2 years). There were eight (22.9 per cent) late @entity2 . Secondary revascularization alone produced improvement in 77 per cent. Nephrectomy alone produced improvement in 80 per cent. We conclude that secondary revascularization is the treatment of choice in @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 . Nephrectomy should be reserved for @entity0 who cannot undergo a revascularization procedure for technical or medical reasons.

title: Repeat revascularization versus nephrectomy in the treatment of recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Despite prophylaxis with immunosuppressive drugs, severe @entity3 ( @entity3 ) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. T cell depletion of the graft has decreased incidence and severity of @entity3 but has resulted in a higher incidence of graft failure and relapse. To reduce the risk of severe @entity3 , but at the same time to maintain the graft-versus- @entity1 effect, we administered a fixed low number of 1 x 10(5) donor T cells per kilogram of body weight to recipients of @entity4 (+) cell-enriched allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs). Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) were then given in incremental doses when mixed chimerism persisted or signs of relapse occurred. A total of 23 @entity0 receiving allografts from related and unrelated donors were treated according to this protocol after myeloablative or reduced intensity conditioning. One @entity0 did not engraft and 3/20 evaluable @entity0 developed acute (a) @entity3 > or = grade II, with a corresponding estimated cumulative incidence of 15.6% (95% CI 0-30.5%). DLI (n = 13) induced aGVHD > or = II in 6 @entity0 , but the severity of the syndrome was reduced. Overall @entity3 -related mortality was low (13%). The probability of disease-free survival and overall survival at 2 years was 0.40 (95% CI 0.21-0.75) and 0.36 (95% CI 0.21-0.63). Progression-free survival and overall survival was significantly better in @entity0 with @entity6 compared to @entity0 with @entity2 (p = 0.002; p = 0.02). We conclude that the combination of allografts with a T cell content of about 1 x 10(5)/kg and escalating doses of DLI is a viable transplant strategy in @entity0 with @entity5 , which results in stable engraftment and a reduction of mortality from aGVHD.

title: Addition of a low fixed number of CD3+ cells to @entity4 -enriched allografts: effects on engraftment, XXXX , and survival after related and unrelated peripheral stem cell transplantation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Despite prophylaxis with immunosuppressive drugs, severe @entity3 ( @entity3 ) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. T cell depletion of the graft has decreased incidence and severity of @entity3 but has resulted in a higher incidence of graft failure and relapse. To reduce the risk of severe @entity3 , but at the same time to maintain the graft-versus- @entity1 effect, we administered a fixed low number of 1 x 10(5) donor T cells per kilogram of body weight to recipients of @entity4 (+) cell-enriched allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs). Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) were then given in incremental doses when mixed chimerism persisted or signs of relapse occurred. A total of 23 @entity0 receiving allografts from related and unrelated donors were treated according to this protocol after myeloablative or reduced intensity conditioning. One @entity0 did not engraft and 3/20 evaluable @entity0 developed acute (a) @entity3 > or = grade II, with a corresponding estimated cumulative incidence of 15.6% (95% CI 0-30.5%). DLI (n = 13) induced aGVHD > or = II in 6 @entity0 , but the severity of the syndrome was reduced. Overall @entity3 -related mortality was low (13%). The probability of disease-free survival and overall survival at 2 years was 0.40 (95% CI 0.21-0.75) and 0.36 (95% CI 0.21-0.63). Progression-free survival and overall survival was significantly better in @entity0 with @entity6 compared to @entity0 with @entity2 (p = 0.002; p = 0.02). We conclude that the combination of allografts with a T cell content of about 1 x 10(5)/kg and escalating doses of DLI is a viable transplant strategy in @entity0 with @entity5 , which results in stable engraftment and a reduction of mortality from aGVHD.

title: Addition of a low fixed number of CD3+ cells to XXXX -enriched allografts: effects on engraftment, @entity3 , and survival after related and unrelated peripheral stem cell transplantation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We developed a new statistical framework to find genetic variants associated with extreme longevity. The method, informed GWAS (iGWAS), takes advantage of knowledge from large studies of age-related disease in order to narrow the search for SNPs associated with longevity. To gain support for our approach, we first show there is an overlap between loci involved in disease and loci associated with extreme longevity. These results indicate that several disease variants may be depleted in centenarians versus the general population. Next, we used iGWAS to harness information from 14 meta-analyses of disease and trait GWAS to identify longevity loci in two studies of long-lived @entity0 . In a standard GWAS analysis, only one locus in these studies is significant ( @entity5 / @entity6 ) when controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) at 10%. With iGWAS, we identify eight genetic loci to associate significantly with exceptional @entity0 longevity at FDR < 10%. We followed up the eight lead SNPs in independent cohorts, and found replication evidence of four loci and suggestive evidence for one more with exceptional longevity. The loci that replicated (FDR < 5%) included @entity5 / @entity6 (associated with @entity2 ), @entity7 /ANRIL (implicated in the regulation of cellular senescence), @entity8 (tags the O blood group), and SH2B3/ATXN2 (a signaling gene that extends lifespan in @entity3 and a gene involved in @entity1 ). Our results implicate new loci in longevity and reveal a genetic overlap between longevity and age-related diseases and traits, including @entity4 and @entity2 . iGWAS provides a new analytical strategy for uncovering SNPs that influence extreme longevity, and can be applied more broadly to boost power in other studies of complex phenotypes.

title: Genome-Wide Scan Informed by Age-Related Disease Identifies Loci for Exceptional XXXX Longevity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Obesity and @entity1 are related to @entity8 ( @entity8 ). A reduction in @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is associated with @entity2 and @entity1 in postmenopausal @entity0 . Thus, we aim to investigate whether @entity9 is associated with @entity8 in @entity0 over 55 who were postmenopausal with a high probability. METHODS: Our data were obtained from the 2014 Survey on Prevalence in East China for @entity4 and Risk Factors. 1635 @entity0 at the age of 55-89 were selected. The degrees of @entity7 were categorized into mild and moderate-severe @entity7 groups by ultrasonography. @entity9 and other sex hormones were measured by chemiluminescence. RESULTS: 366 (22.4%) and 417 (25.5%) @entity0 had mild and moderate-severe @entity7 , respectively. @entity9 was negatively correlated with waist circumference, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and other metabolic factors (all P <0.05). After adjusting for age, @entity3 and total @entity5 , increased quartiles of @entity9 were associated with significantly decreased odds ratios of mild and moderate-severe groups (both P for trends <0.05). After further adjustment for waist circumference and HOMA-IR, @entity9 was no longer associated with mild @entity7 . The association of @entity9 with moderate-severe @entity7 was attenuated by waist circumference and HOMA-IR but persisted in the fully adjusted model (P for trend <0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity9 was negatively associated with @entity8 in @entity0 over 55 years old. @entity6 and insulin resistance explained most of the association of mild @entity7 and partially explained the association of moderate-severe @entity7 with @entity9 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Follicle-stimulating hormone is associated with XXXX in Chinese @entity0 over 55 years old.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Obesity and @entity1 are related to @entity8 ( @entity8 ). A reduction in @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is associated with @entity2 and @entity1 in postmenopausal @entity0 . Thus, we aim to investigate whether @entity9 is associated with @entity8 in @entity0 over 55 who were postmenopausal with a high probability. METHODS: Our data were obtained from the 2014 Survey on Prevalence in East China for @entity4 and Risk Factors. 1635 @entity0 at the age of 55-89 were selected. The degrees of @entity7 were categorized into mild and moderate-severe @entity7 groups by ultrasonography. @entity9 and other sex hormones were measured by chemiluminescence. RESULTS: 366 (22.4%) and 417 (25.5%) @entity0 had mild and moderate-severe @entity7 , respectively. @entity9 was negatively correlated with waist circumference, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and other metabolic factors (all P <0.05). After adjusting for age, @entity3 and total @entity5 , increased quartiles of @entity9 were associated with significantly decreased odds ratios of mild and moderate-severe groups (both P for trends <0.05). After further adjustment for waist circumference and HOMA-IR, @entity9 was no longer associated with mild @entity7 . The association of @entity9 with moderate-severe @entity7 was attenuated by waist circumference and HOMA-IR but persisted in the fully adjusted model (P for trend <0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity9 was negatively associated with @entity8 in @entity0 over 55 years old. @entity6 and insulin resistance explained most of the association of mild @entity7 and partially explained the association of moderate-severe @entity7 with @entity9 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Follicle-stimulating hormone is associated with @entity8 in Chinese XXXX over 55 years old.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to provide estimates of the risk of progression to overt @entity3 ( @entity3 ) from systolic or diastolic asymptomatic @entity4 through a systematic review and meta-analysis. BACKGROUND: Precise population-based estimates on the progression from asymptomatic @entity4 (or stage B @entity3 ) to clinical @entity3 (stage C @entity3 ) remain limited, despite its prognostic and clinical implications. Pre-emptive intervention with neurohormonal modulation may attenuate disease progression. METHODS: MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched (until March 2015). Cohort studies reporting on the progression from @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to overt @entity3 were included. Effect estimates (prevalence, incidence, and relative risk) were pooled using a random-effects model meta-analysis, separately for @entity2 , with heterogeneity assessed with the I(2) statistic. RESULTS: Thirteen reports based on 11 distinct studies of progression of @entity4 were included in the meta-analysis assessing a total of 25,369 @entity0 followed for 7.9 years on average. The absolute risks of progression to @entity3 were 8.4 per 100 @entity0 -years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.0 to 12.8 per 100 @entity0 -years) for those with @entity4 , 2.8 per 100 @entity0 -years (95% CI: 1.9 to 3.7 per 100 @entity0 -years) for those with @entity4 , and 1.04 per 100 @entity0 -years (95% CI: 0.0 to 2.2 per 100 @entity0 -years) without any @entity1 evident. The combined maximally adjusted relative risk of @entity3 for @entity4 was 4.6 (95% CI: 2.2 to 9.8), and that of @entity4 was 1.7 (95% CI: 1.3 to 2.2). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 and @entity4 are each associated with a substantial risk for incident @entity3 indicating an imperative to develop effective intervention at these stages.

title: Assessing the Risk of Progression From  Asymptomatic Left XXXX to Overt @entity3 : A Systematic Overview and Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to provide estimates of the risk of progression to overt @entity3 ( @entity3 ) from systolic or diastolic asymptomatic @entity4 through a systematic review and meta-analysis. BACKGROUND: Precise population-based estimates on the progression from asymptomatic @entity4 (or stage B @entity3 ) to clinical @entity3 (stage C @entity3 ) remain limited, despite its prognostic and clinical implications. Pre-emptive intervention with neurohormonal modulation may attenuate disease progression. METHODS: MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched (until March 2015). Cohort studies reporting on the progression from @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to overt @entity3 were included. Effect estimates (prevalence, incidence, and relative risk) were pooled using a random-effects model meta-analysis, separately for @entity2 , with heterogeneity assessed with the I(2) statistic. RESULTS: Thirteen reports based on 11 distinct studies of progression of @entity4 were included in the meta-analysis assessing a total of 25,369 @entity0 followed for 7.9 years on average. The absolute risks of progression to @entity3 were 8.4 per 100 @entity0 -years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.0 to 12.8 per 100 @entity0 -years) for those with @entity4 , 2.8 per 100 @entity0 -years (95% CI: 1.9 to 3.7 per 100 @entity0 -years) for those with @entity4 , and 1.04 per 100 @entity0 -years (95% CI: 0.0 to 2.2 per 100 @entity0 -years) without any @entity1 evident. The combined maximally adjusted relative risk of @entity3 for @entity4 was 4.6 (95% CI: 2.2 to 9.8), and that of @entity4 was 1.7 (95% CI: 1.3 to 2.2). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 and @entity4 are each associated with a substantial risk for incident @entity3 indicating an imperative to develop effective intervention at these stages.

title: Assessing the Risk of Progression From  Asymptomatic Left @entity1 to Overt XXXX : A Systematic Overview and Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of peritubal infiltration in @entity2 following percutaneous nephrolithotomy in general PCNL @entity0 and PCNL @entity0 with supracostal renal access. @entity0 AND METHODS: A total of 105 PCNL @entity0 were randomized into two groups, 53 @entity0 receiving peritubal analgesic infiltration (study group) and 52 @entity0 as the control group. Of these @entity0 , supracostal access was performed in 22 @entity0 of study group and 23 @entity0 of control group. The study group received peritubal injection with 10mL of bupivacain. @entity2 as the primary outcome was assessed by using visual analogue scale at 1, 4, 12, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. The secondary outcomes were the total postoperative @entity3 usage in 24 hours and time of the first analgesic demand. RESULTS: The average VAS @entity1 at 1 and 4 hours after the operation in the study group were significant lower in the control group (P <= 0.001 and 0.026). Doses of @entity3 usage for controlling @entity2 and the first analgesic demand were significantly lower and longer in study group. Among @entity0 submitted to supracostal access, the average VAS @entity1 at 1 hour after operation in the study group was lower (P=0.018). Doses of @entity3 usage for controlling @entity2 also was lower in the study group (P=0.012). CONCLUSION: The peritubal local anesthetic infiltration is effective in alleviating immediate @entity2 after percutaneous nephrolithotomy even with supracostal access.

title: The efficacy of peritubal analgesic infiltration in XXXX following percutaneous nephrolithotomy - A prospective randomized controlled study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity9 is a drug with established uricosuric and @entity6 properties. We have examined its potential role as a single treatment for hyperuricaemia and @entity2 , 2 disorders which are commonly associated. In 17 subjects with @entity4 , blood @entity5 levels were reduced by approximately 50%. Eleven of these @entity0 also had @entity2 which was improved by @entity9 . However, a statistically significant effect was observed only with standing diastolic blood pressure. Side effects included acute episodes of @entity4 in 4 @entity0 and transient @entity3 and @entity8 in 1 @entity0 . The precipitation of @entity7 is an acknowledged risk of all potent hypouricaemic drugs. The hazard of urate deposition in the renal tract implicit in the history of @entity3 is a more serious complication. Thus, it would appear that @entity9 is a potentially valuable drug which may have a special role in @entity0 with hyperuricaemia and @entity2 . Further study is necessary to determine how it may be best administered without the risk of @entity1 .

title: @entity9 : a single treatment for hyperuricaemia and XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity9 is a drug with established uricosuric and @entity6 properties. We have examined its potential role as a single treatment for hyperuricaemia and @entity2 , 2 disorders which are commonly associated. In 17 subjects with @entity4 , blood @entity5 levels were reduced by approximately 50%. Eleven of these @entity0 also had @entity2 which was improved by @entity9 . However, a statistically significant effect was observed only with standing diastolic blood pressure. Side effects included acute episodes of @entity4 in 4 @entity0 and transient @entity3 and @entity8 in 1 @entity0 . The precipitation of @entity7 is an acknowledged risk of all potent hypouricaemic drugs. The hazard of urate deposition in the renal tract implicit in the history of @entity3 is a more serious complication. Thus, it would appear that @entity9 is a potentially valuable drug which may have a special role in @entity0 with hyperuricaemia and @entity2 . Further study is necessary to determine how it may be best administered without the risk of @entity1 .

title: XXXX : a single treatment for hyperuricaemia and @entity2 ?

answer: @entity9


abstract: Despite strong epidemiologic evidence in favor of a genetic component in the etiology of @entity3 , few hereditary risk factors have been consistently identified. The term genetic anticipation denotes a decrease in the age of onset as disease is passed through generations. In the past 5 years, genetic anticipation has been described in immune-mediated diseases such as @entity2 and chronic @entity1 , and recently this phenomenon has been linked to unstable expanded trinucleotide repeat sequences in several diseases. If present in @entity3 , anticipation could provide clues to its genetic etiology. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether genetic anticipation may occur in @entity3 . Age at diagnosis and age at ascertainment were registered and compared in 33 same-gender parent-offspring pairs with @entity3 from multiply affected families primarily ascertained for a genetic linkage study. The mean age at diagnosis was 46.6 years (range, 16-77) in the parents and 34.1 years (range, 16-44) in the @entity0 . The difference in the mean age at diagnosis between parents and their @entity0 was 12.5 years (95% confidence interval 3.0-21.9), p = 0.010. @entity0 were younger than their parents at diagnosis in 25 of 33 pairs (76%). In 7 pairs (21%), the parent was diagnosed after the @entity0 according to the calendar years. Essentially similar results were obtained after controlling for gender and smoking habits. In conclusion, our data suggest that @entity0 in the second affected generation seem to acquire their disease at an earlier time in life in familial cases of @entity3 , indicating that genetic anticipation might occur.

title: Preliminary evidence of genetic anticipation in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the last decade, the surgical management of @entity1 has been limited to those @entity0 with symptoms or complications of the disease and most surgeons have advocated routine bilateral neck exploration. Several recent articles, however, have supported the role of early surgical intervention and minimally invasive surgery for these @entity0 . The aim of this study was to define the current surgical management of @entity1 in the UK and Ireland. METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to all consultant members of the British Association of Endocrine Surgeons in November 2000. The surgeons were asked about their current criteria for @entity0 selection, methods of pre-operative localisation, imaging technique before re-exploration, operative technique and follow-up. RESULTS: Questionnaires were returned from 66 of 92 surgeons (response rate 71.7%) currently performing parathyroid surgery in the UK and Ireland, at an average of 23.1 parathyroidectomies performed per annum (range, 5-120). The majority of @entity0 referred for surgery were either asymptomatic (12.1%) or minimally symptomatic (53%). There was marked variability among surgeons in the use of pre-operative imaging techniques before the initial operation (sestamibi used by 39.4% [26/66] and ultrasound by 39.4% [26/66] also, alone or in combination with other imaging techniques, while 39.4% (26/66) of surgeons used no imaging) and re-exploration. CONCLUSIONS: This survey demonstrates marked variation in pre-operative localisation and surgical management of @entity0 with @entity1 . The majority of surgeons in the UK and Ireland currently perform bilateral neck exploration with or without pre-operative localisation.

title: Surgical management of XXXX - results of a national survey.

answer: @entity1


abstract: After @entity4 were defleeced with @entity7 , @entity5 or @entity8 , the first samples of the new growth of wool differed markedly in composition from the pretreatment samples, there being substantial reductions in the high- @entity3 proteins and increases in the high- @entity2 proteins. Similar results were obtained with @entity0 dehaired with @entity7 and with @entity4 treated with low levels of @entity7 which resulted in weakened wool rather than depilation. The composition of later samples of the regrowth wool showed progressive changes with time. The high- @entity3 proteins tended to approach the pretreatment levels, although this may take up to 12 weeks to occur, whereas the levels of high- @entity2 proteins, after the initial increase, often fell below normal. In experiments involving defleecing with @entity5 , the level of the latter proteins was still below normal after 3 months. The possibility that this altered protein composition of keratin fibres is characteristic of that portion of fibre first produced by a new or regenerating follicle was investigated in @entity4 and @entity0 . It was found that wool follicles regenerating after plucking, and newly operating follicles in young @entity4 and @entity0 , also produced wool and hair with a reduced content of high- @entity3 proteins. It is suggested, therefore, that the apparent long-term inhibition of the high- @entity3 proteins may not be the direct consequence of the administration of the chemical but rather be characteristic of normal wool and hair regrowth. Infusion of an @entity1 mixture lacking @entity6 into the abomasum of @entity4 caused the growth of weak wool but did not suppress the synthesis of the high- @entity3 proteins. This is in contrast with previous findings that treatments which weaken wool also suppress high- @entity3 proteins.

title: Changes in the matrix proteins of wool and XXXX hair following the administration of depilatory compounds.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Sixty-two consecutive @entity0 with clinical stage I nonseminomatous @entity2 were entered into a prospective study to receive no treatment after orchiectomy until clinical evidence of recurrent disease. Of 59 evaluable cases, 41 (69.5%) remained continuously disease free for a median duration of 30 months (range, 18 to 46 months), and evidence of @entity1 developed in 18 @entity0 (30.5%) from 2 to 36 months after orchiectomy. The median disease-free interval for relapsing @entity0 was 6 months. Retroperitoneal metastases developed in ten @entity0 ; seven @entity0 had pulmonary metastases, and one @entity0 had progressive elevation of the serum @entity3 level. Relapses were significantly more frequent in @entity0 with either @entity4 , infiltrating @entity2 (pT greater than 1), peritumoral vascular invasion, or in those who underwent transscrotal biopsy. One @entity0 with relapse refused salvage therapy and died. The remaining 17 @entity0 have been rendered disease free with @entity5 combination chemotherapy and/or surgery. However, two @entity0 showed further recurrence, with one in the lung and the other one also in the retroperitoneal nodes. In our opinion, surveillance following orchiectomy will provide useful information in clinical stage I nonseminomatous @entity2 , but it is a difficult study. For the time being, it should be restricted to specialized centers only. In the meanwhile, retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy remains the standard treatment.

title: Orchiectomy alone in clinical stage I nonseminomatous XXXX : a critical appraisal.

answer: @entity2


abstract: By immunoelectrophoresis of periotoneal exudates and @entity2 cell antigens from @entity0 and hamsters infected with @entity2 , using their corresponding rabbit antisera absorbed with serum of uninfected animals, eleven precipitating antigens were distinguished and named No. 1--11 in order of increasing electrophoretic mobility. Monospecific rabbit antisera against two of these antigens (antigen No. 1 and 11) were prepared by immunization with antigen purified by zone electrophoresis, and were used for immunochemical analyses: the component with higher mobility on immunoelectrophoresis, antigen No. 11, was detectable only in association with @entity2 infection of @entity0 , hamsters, @entity1 and guinea pigs. Antigen No. 11 was also detectable as a single major antigen in the medium of cultures of L cells infected with @entity4 . In contrast, antigen No. 1 was detectable in uninfected @entity0 in peritoneal exudates, and homogenates of thymus, liver and spleen, but not of brain or lymphocytes. In the latex agglutination test (LAT) for @entity3 , anti-No. 1 serum gave a positive reaction, but anti-No. 11 gave a negative one. In 31 anti- @entity3 sera examined, there was no correlation between the number of precipitating antibodies detectable by immunoelectrophoresis and the LAT titer.

title: Immunological analyses of antigens associated with experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: There is growing concern about lack of scientific rigor and transparent reporting across many preclinical fields of biological research. Poor experimental design and lack of transparent reporting can result in conscious or unconscious experimental bias, producing results that are not replicable. The Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks (ACTTION) public-private partnership with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration sponsored a consensus meeting of the Preclinical Pain Research Consortium for Investigating Safety and Efficacy (PPRECISE) Working Group. International @entity0 from universities, funding agencies, government agencies, industry, and a @entity0 advocacy organization attended. Reduction of publication bias, increasing the ability of others to faithfully repeat experimental methods, and increased transparency of data reporting were specifically discussed. Parameters deemed essential to increase confidence in the published literature were clear, specific reporting of an a priori hypothesis and definition of primary outcome measure. Power calculations and whether measurement of minimal meaningful effect size to determine these should be a core component of the preclinical research effort provoked considerable discussion, with many but not all agreeing. Greater transparency of reporting should be driven by scientists, journal editors, reviewers, and grant funders. The conduct of high-quality science that is fully reported should not preclude novelty and innovation in preclinical @entity1 research, and indeed, any efforts that curtail such innovation would be misguided. We believe that to achieve the goal of finding effective new treatments for @entity0 with @entity1 , the @entity1 field needs to deal with these challenging issues.

title: Ensuring transparency and minimization of methodologic bias in preclinical XXXX research: PPRECISE considerations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 with @entity5 may have @entity2 complications during surgery. Because @entity2 severity and factor levels correlate poorly, factor replacement needs to be personalized based on @entity2 history and type of procedure. We report a 65-year-old male with @entity5 (7 IU  dL(-1) ) who presented before scheduled hip arthroplasty. He had a history of total hip arthroplasty complicated by @entity2 , @entity1 and prosthesis removal, despite receiving prophylactic treatment with plasma infusion. For the current surgery a factor XI >= 50 IU  dL(-1) level was targeted. The calculated plasma infusion needed to achieve this goal was 3100 mL (14 U). Because of concerns about circulatory overload and inability to achieve target by simple infusion, prophylactic treatment with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was requested. TPE was performed the morning before the surgery, using 100% plasma as replacement fluid (3912 mL of plasma), and a positive fluid balance of 631 mL. Factor XI activity level was 51 IU  dL(-1) immediately post TPE. The @entity0 received daily infusions of 3 U (    660 mL) of plasma to maintain a factor XI level of 30 IU  dL(-1) until post-operative day 7. @entity4 was given during the surgery and until post-operative day 10. There were no @entity2 or @entity3 complications. CONCLUSION: TPE was effective in increasing factor XI levels; it was well tolerated and did not result in circulatory overload. TPE can be considered when therapeutic factor levels cannot be achieved by simple plasma infusion, or when circulatory overload is a concern. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Preoperative management of XXXX with therapeutic plasma exchange: A case report and literature review.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity8 following operations on the abdominal aorta is considered an unpredictable event attributable to variations in spinal cord blood supply. Our experience with seven cases of @entity8 contradicts this hypothesis. All @entity0 had a bifurcation graft implanted. Three @entity0 had bilateral interruption of hypogastric circulation. Each had @entity1 and two had left @entity2 . Two @entity0 had unilateral hypogastric ligation. In both of these @entity0 , early @entity4 preceded recognition of @entity8 . Two @entity0 without known interruption of hypogastric flow had proximal side-to-end anastomoses placed in an @entity6 aorta. Intraoperative @entity7 occurred in one and @entity3 occurred in the other @entity0 . In the latter case @entity8 occurred late concomitantly with embolization. The surmised important details in @entity0 ' courses with @entity8 are (1) interference with pelvic blood flow (five of seven @entity0 ) severe enough in three cases to cause @entity1 and (2) a high incidence of perioperative complications. Interruption of an anomalous spinal artery was probably not a factor as @entity5 were mostly distal and no case of @entity8 occurred after a cylinder graft was placed. @entity8 is potentially preventable. Our experience reemphasizes the importance of hypogastric perfusion, the dangers of handling the @entity6 aorta, and the necessity for avoiding @entity4 .

title: XXXX following operations on the abdominal aorta.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Researchers have deemed medicalisation a 'gendered' theory, yet the incorporation of @entity0 and masculinity in medicalisation literature is sparse. Recently, however, medicalisation scholarship has begun studying @entity0 . This burgeoning literature heavily emphasises sexuality and is beginning to focus on medicalised masculinities in which traits associated with masculinity are deemed a health risk. Such research has demonstrated how masculinities shape @entity0 's lived experiences of health, but how does health itself shape masculinity? I explore this question using the case of @entity1 . Through thirty in-depth interviews, I find that @entity0 use medicine as a way to achieve rather than diminish their sense of masculinity in the feminised context of reproduction. By perpetuating the stereotype that @entity1 is a @entity0 's problem, the medical establishment has caused @entity0 to not necessarily see themselves as infertile. Additionally, even if @entity0 do claim the @entity1 status, they do not perceive it as negative. The legitimating effects of medicalisation objectify the ailment and separate its connection with sexuality. In centring @entity0 's voices, the study not only reveals @entity0 as active players in the reproductive process, but also incorporates them into understandings of medicalisation.

title: 'I don't consider a cup performance; I consider it a test': masculinity and the medicalisation of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In differentiated @entity2 refractory to radioactive @entity3 ( @entity4 ), chemotherapy has been considered for decades to be the only systemic therapy with palliative purpose. Phase II studies assessing the efficacy of different chemotherapy outlines have been published. Nevertheless, phase III studies in these @entity1 have not been performed. Our objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of chemotherapy in @entity0 with @entity4 by a systematic review of published studies. Systematic research of the literature in Medline and Embase databases (among others) was carried out. The full texts of selected references were analysed by two independent reviewers and then assessed for risk of bias in each study. We also extracted data using specifically designed questionnaires. Later, a qualitative synthesis of results was performed and pooled data were calculated. We found that 16 studies with 473 @entity0 published in the last 40 years were included out of 509 identified references in databases. Thirteen studies (176 @entity0 ) included data on response to treatment and histology. Four studies included 70 @entity0 only with well-differentiated @entity1 . Response rate (RR) was 22.1% (0-57%) for 13 studies, 25% for the 176 @entity0 and 27.1% for the 70 @entity0 , with 2.5, 3.4 and 2.8% complete responses respectively. Survival times could not be assessed or pooled due to the lack of data and heterogeneity of the studies, and was determined to have a high risk of bias. Although it has not been possible to find solid evidence about the efficacy of chemotherapy, the results shown indicate that it may have some effectiveness, although this should be proven with well-designed studies using modern drugs.

title: Effectiveness of chemotherapy in advanced XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fibrinolytic agents were administered for 13 episodes of @entity4 formation on mitral or aortic valvar prostheses in 12 @entity0 . The most common presenting features were @entity1 (six cases) or arterial emboli (six cases). The diagnosis of @entity4 formation was made by phonocardiography on the following criteria: (a) modifications of the prosthetic sounds (12 cases), (b) appearance of a @entity6 (10 cases). The treatment consisted of streptokinase (100 000 units/h after a loading dose, seven cases) or urokinase using either low doses (75 000 or 112 500 units/h, three cases) or moderate doses (150 000 units/h, three cases) for one to four days. Immediate complete regression of clinical and phonocardiographic anomalies was seen in eight cases. Incomplete improvement was seen in two @entity0 , leading to operation: this was unsuccessful in one @entity0 who had surgery on the third day, and was successful in the other on the 75th day. There were three failures leading to successful reoperative procedures in two @entity0 and to an early death in the third @entity0 suffering from @entity3 . One @entity5 was observed in a @entity0 treated with streptokinase. No important side effect was noted during delivery in a pregnant @entity0 . During subsequent follow-up, a recurrent episode of @entity4 formation was observed in one @entity0 , treated by fibrinolytic therapy with success. One @entity0 had an operation for a valve replacement six months after fibrinolytic treatment because of non-thrombotic @entity2 ; the outcome was fatal. Six @entity0 are alive and in good condition, with a follow-up of six months to five years.

title: Fibrinolytic treatment of XXXX on prosthetic heart valves.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ex vivo expansion of CD8+ T-cells has been a hindrance for the success of adoptive T cell transfer in clinic. Currently, preconditioning with chemotherapy is used to modulate the @entity0 immunity before ACT, however, the @entity1 microenvironment beneficial for transferring T cells may also be damaged. Here preconditioning with single low dose of @entity4 or @entity5 combined with fewer CD8+ T-cells was investigated to verify whether the same therapeutic efficacy of ACT could be achieved. An E.G7/OT1 animal model that involved adoptive transfer of OVA-specific CD8+ T-cells transduced with a granzyme B promoter-driven firefly luciferase and @entity3 fluorescent fusion reporter gene was used to evaluate this strategy. The result showed that CD8+ T-cells were activated and sustained longer in @entity2 pretreated with one low-dose @entity9 or Tax. Enhanced therapeutic efficacy was found in @entity9 or Tax combined with 2x106 CD8+ T-cells and achieved the same level of @entity1 growth inhibition as that of 5x106 CD8+ T-cells group. Notably, reduced numbers of Tregs and myeloid derived suppressor cells were shown in combination groups. By contrast, the number of @entity1 -infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes and IL-12 were increased. The NF-kB activity and immunosuppressive factors such as TGF-b, @entity12 , @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity7 were suppressed. This study demonstrates that preconditioning with single low dose @entity9 or Tax and combined with two fifth of the original CD8+ T-cells could improve the @entity1 microenvironment via suppression of NF-kB and its related immunosuppressors, and activate more CD8+ T-cells which also stay longer.

title: Enhancement of adoptive T cell transfer with single low dose pretreatment of XXXX or @entity5 in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ex vivo expansion of CD8+ T-cells has been a hindrance for the success of adoptive T cell transfer in clinic. Currently, preconditioning with chemotherapy is used to modulate the @entity0 immunity before ACT, however, the @entity1 microenvironment beneficial for transferring T cells may also be damaged. Here preconditioning with single low dose of @entity4 or @entity5 combined with fewer CD8+ T-cells was investigated to verify whether the same therapeutic efficacy of ACT could be achieved. An E.G7/OT1 animal model that involved adoptive transfer of OVA-specific CD8+ T-cells transduced with a granzyme B promoter-driven firefly luciferase and @entity3 fluorescent fusion reporter gene was used to evaluate this strategy. The result showed that CD8+ T-cells were activated and sustained longer in @entity2 pretreated with one low-dose @entity9 or Tax. Enhanced therapeutic efficacy was found in @entity9 or Tax combined with 2x106 CD8+ T-cells and achieved the same level of @entity1 growth inhibition as that of 5x106 CD8+ T-cells group. Notably, reduced numbers of Tregs and myeloid derived suppressor cells were shown in combination groups. By contrast, the number of @entity1 -infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes and IL-12 were increased. The NF-kB activity and immunosuppressive factors such as TGF-b, @entity12 , @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity7 were suppressed. This study demonstrates that preconditioning with single low dose @entity9 or Tax and combined with two fifth of the original CD8+ T-cells could improve the @entity1 microenvironment via suppression of NF-kB and its related immunosuppressors, and activate more CD8+ T-cells which also stay longer.

title: Enhancement of adoptive T cell transfer with single low dose pretreatment of @entity4 or XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ex vivo expansion of CD8+ T-cells has been a hindrance for the success of adoptive T cell transfer in clinic. Currently, preconditioning with chemotherapy is used to modulate the @entity0 immunity before ACT, however, the @entity1 microenvironment beneficial for transferring T cells may also be damaged. Here preconditioning with single low dose of @entity4 or @entity5 combined with fewer CD8+ T-cells was investigated to verify whether the same therapeutic efficacy of ACT could be achieved. An E.G7/OT1 animal model that involved adoptive transfer of OVA-specific CD8+ T-cells transduced with a granzyme B promoter-driven firefly luciferase and @entity3 fluorescent fusion reporter gene was used to evaluate this strategy. The result showed that CD8+ T-cells were activated and sustained longer in @entity2 pretreated with one low-dose @entity9 or Tax. Enhanced therapeutic efficacy was found in @entity9 or Tax combined with 2x106 CD8+ T-cells and achieved the same level of @entity1 growth inhibition as that of 5x106 CD8+ T-cells group. Notably, reduced numbers of Tregs and myeloid derived suppressor cells were shown in combination groups. By contrast, the number of @entity1 -infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes and IL-12 were increased. The NF-kB activity and immunosuppressive factors such as TGF-b, @entity12 , @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity7 were suppressed. This study demonstrates that preconditioning with single low dose @entity9 or Tax and combined with two fifth of the original CD8+ T-cells could improve the @entity1 microenvironment via suppression of NF-kB and its related immunosuppressors, and activate more CD8+ T-cells which also stay longer.

title: Enhancement of adoptive T cell transfer with single low dose pretreatment of @entity4 or @entity5 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sixty-four patients with monoclonal protein in serum but initially without evidence of @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity4 or @entity1 , were studied. Fifty @entity0 (78%) were observed for a period of exceeding 3 years. Based on the follow-up data the @entity0 were classified into the following four groups: Group 1 = @entity0 with transient @entity2 : 4 . 7%; Group 2 = @entity0 without significant increase in monoclonal serum protein: 75%; Group 3 = @entity0 with more than 50% increase in monoclonal serum protein: 14 . 1%; Group 4 = @entity0 in whom @entity3 developed: 6 . 2%. The mean interval from discovery of the serum monoclonal protein to evolution to @entity3 was 61 months. Retrospective analysis of age, sex, blood count, bone marrow picture, antigenic type and size of serum monoclonal proteins, presence of small amounts of homogeneous light chain in the urine, serum albumin level, levels of residual immunoglobulins, did not help to distinguish initially the @entity0 in whom the @entity2 evolved to @entity3 from @entity0 in whom the disease remained benign and stable. The evolution to @entity3 had occurred abruptly after long periods of stable condition; and until this progression the follow-up data were similar to the @entity0 with benign disease. The possible physiopathology of occurrence and evolution of @entity6 is discussed.

title: The physiopathological significance of XXXX : a study of 64 cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Plasma @entity4 concentrations and the elimination of parenterally administered @entity11 were investigated in 12 @entity0 with nonhypercatabolic @entity7 . A distinctive plasma @entity4 pattern could be observed: plasma concentrations of @entity8 and @entity12 were increased, those of @entity18 and @entity2 decreased. Of the nonessential @entity11 , @entity9 , @entity14 und @entity6 had elevated but none of them reduced plasma concentrations. The elimination of @entity11 was evaluated in a monocompartment model after bolus injection of an @entity4 solution containing essential and nonessential @entity11 . Pharmacokinetic parameters of 17 @entity11 were calculated. The mean elimination half-time was raised by 25%. The elimination half-time of @entity8 , @entity12 , @entity1 , @entity10 and @entity19 was increased. @entity17 was the only @entity4 with--however insignificantly--accelerated elimination from the intravascular compartment. The total clearance rate and total transfer rate was not altered (107 and 97% of normal, respectively). The clearance of @entity13 , @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity15 and @entity17 was increased, of @entity18 , @entity8 , @entity1 and to a minor degree of @entity12 was decreased. The transfer rate of @entity12 , @entity3 , @entity15 was elevated, of @entity18 , @entity16 , @entity1 and @entity19 reduced. The demonstration of these pronounced alterations of @entity4 elimination in @entity7 may have major consequences in parenteral @entity4 therapy.

title: Elimination of XXXX in @entity7 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: Plasma @entity4 concentrations and the elimination of parenterally administered @entity11 were investigated in 12 @entity0 with nonhypercatabolic @entity7 . A distinctive plasma @entity4 pattern could be observed: plasma concentrations of @entity8 and @entity12 were increased, those of @entity18 and @entity2 decreased. Of the nonessential @entity11 , @entity9 , @entity14 und @entity6 had elevated but none of them reduced plasma concentrations. The elimination of @entity11 was evaluated in a monocompartment model after bolus injection of an @entity4 solution containing essential and nonessential @entity11 . Pharmacokinetic parameters of 17 @entity11 were calculated. The mean elimination half-time was raised by 25%. The elimination half-time of @entity8 , @entity12 , @entity1 , @entity10 and @entity19 was increased. @entity17 was the only @entity4 with--however insignificantly--accelerated elimination from the intravascular compartment. The total clearance rate and total transfer rate was not altered (107 and 97% of normal, respectively). The clearance of @entity13 , @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity15 and @entity17 was increased, of @entity18 , @entity8 , @entity1 and to a minor degree of @entity12 was decreased. The transfer rate of @entity12 , @entity3 , @entity15 was elevated, of @entity18 , @entity16 , @entity1 and @entity19 reduced. The demonstration of these pronounced alterations of @entity4 elimination in @entity7 may have major consequences in parenteral @entity4 therapy.

title: Elimination of @entity11 in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identification and appropriate management of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is critical to mitigate the consequences of the disease. We sought to assess the frequency and pattern of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) use by @entity0 who presented with @entity4 and/or @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in a midsized Canadian hospital. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of @entity0 who presented to the @entity3 with @entity4 and/or @entity5 during the calendar years 2010-2012. @entity0 were identified using the MUSE (General Electric Healthcare, Bucks, United Kingdom) electrocardiogram database and matched with the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System and Discharge Abstract Database up to and including December 31, 2013, a follow-up period of 12 months. The number of presentations and time between visits was assessed. Admissions were identified and lengths of stay and reason for admission were recorded. RESULTS: We identified 1361 @entity0 who represented a total of 4783 visits to the @entity3 , a mean of 2.8    2.9 visits per @entity0 with 949 (69.7%) who returned for a subsequent @entity3 visit in the subsequent 12  months. Mean time between base and subsequent visits was 136.8    114.2 days. @entity3 visits generated 1462 admissions (63.0% at repeat @entity3 visits); mean length of stay was 9.7    16.0 days. @entity2 or transient @entity1 attack accounted for 80 return visits and 8 deaths in 77 @entity0 , 74% of whom with subtherapeutic or no anticoagulation medication. CONCLUSIONS: Presentation to the @entity3 with @entity4 and/or @entity5 , either as a primary reason for consultation or as a secondary diagnosis, was associated with a high risk of subsequent re-presentation and hospital admission.

title: Emergency Department Re-Presentation for @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identification and appropriate management of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is critical to mitigate the consequences of the disease. We sought to assess the frequency and pattern of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) use by @entity0 who presented with @entity4 and/or @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in a midsized Canadian hospital. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of @entity0 who presented to the @entity3 with @entity4 and/or @entity5 during the calendar years 2010-2012. @entity0 were identified using the MUSE (General Electric Healthcare, Bucks, United Kingdom) electrocardiogram database and matched with the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System and Discharge Abstract Database up to and including December 31, 2013, a follow-up period of 12 months. The number of presentations and time between visits was assessed. Admissions were identified and lengths of stay and reason for admission were recorded. RESULTS: We identified 1361 @entity0 who represented a total of 4783 visits to the @entity3 , a mean of 2.8    2.9 visits per @entity0 with 949 (69.7%) who returned for a subsequent @entity3 visit in the subsequent 12  months. Mean time between base and subsequent visits was 136.8    114.2 days. @entity3 visits generated 1462 admissions (63.0% at repeat @entity3 visits); mean length of stay was 9.7    16.0 days. @entity2 or transient @entity1 attack accounted for 80 return visits and 8 deaths in 77 @entity0 , 74% of whom with subtherapeutic or no anticoagulation medication. CONCLUSIONS: Presentation to the @entity3 with @entity4 and/or @entity5 , either as a primary reason for consultation or as a secondary diagnosis, was associated with a high risk of subsequent re-presentation and hospital admission.

title: Emergency Department Re-Presentation for XXXX and @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Advanced technologies using polymerase-chain reaction have allowed for @entity4 including @entity1 . @entity2 have been described for several respiratory viruses, especially with @entity3 . Outcomes of @entity6 , including cases with @entity2 , have not been well described.This was observational cohort study conducted to describe hospitalized @entity0 with @entity6 including @entity2 , clinical outcomes, and predictors of mortality. @entity0 admitted from March 2013 to November 2014 with a positive respiratory virus panel (RVP) and radiographic findings of @entity1 within 48h of the index RVP were included. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was defined as any organism identification from a respiratory specimen within 3 days of the index RVP. Predictors of in-hospital mortality on univariate analysis were evaluated in a multivariate model.Of 284 @entity0 with @entity6 , a majority (51.8%) were immunocompromised. A total of 84 @entity0 (29.6%) were found to have a @entity4 with 48 (57.6%) having a bacterial @entity4 . Viral @entity4 with HSV, @entity5 , or both occurred in 28 @entity0 (33.3%). Fungal (16.7%) and other CRIs (7.1%) were less common. Many @entity0 required mechanical ventilation (54%) and vasopressor support (36%). Overall in-hospital mortality was high (23.2%) and readmissions were common with several @entity0 re-hospitalized within 30 (21.1%) and 90 days (36.7%) of discharge. Predictors of in-hospital mortality on multivariate regression included severity of illness factors, stem-cell transplant, and identification of multiple respiratory viruses. In conclusion, hospital mortality is high among adult @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity0 with multiple respiratory viruses identified may be at a higher risk.

title: Epidemiology, XXXX , and Outcomes of @entity6 in Adults: An Observational Cohort Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Advanced technologies using polymerase-chain reaction have allowed for @entity4 including @entity1 . @entity2 have been described for several respiratory viruses, especially with @entity3 . Outcomes of @entity6 , including cases with @entity2 , have not been well described.This was observational cohort study conducted to describe hospitalized @entity0 with @entity6 including @entity2 , clinical outcomes, and predictors of mortality. @entity0 admitted from March 2013 to November 2014 with a positive respiratory virus panel (RVP) and radiographic findings of @entity1 within 48h of the index RVP were included. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was defined as any organism identification from a respiratory specimen within 3 days of the index RVP. Predictors of in-hospital mortality on univariate analysis were evaluated in a multivariate model.Of 284 @entity0 with @entity6 , a majority (51.8%) were immunocompromised. A total of 84 @entity0 (29.6%) were found to have a @entity4 with 48 (57.6%) having a bacterial @entity4 . Viral @entity4 with HSV, @entity5 , or both occurred in 28 @entity0 (33.3%). Fungal (16.7%) and other CRIs (7.1%) were less common. Many @entity0 required mechanical ventilation (54%) and vasopressor support (36%). Overall in-hospital mortality was high (23.2%) and readmissions were common with several @entity0 re-hospitalized within 30 (21.1%) and 90 days (36.7%) of discharge. Predictors of in-hospital mortality on multivariate regression included severity of illness factors, stem-cell transplant, and identification of multiple respiratory viruses. In conclusion, hospital mortality is high among adult @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity0 with multiple respiratory viruses identified may be at a higher risk.

title: Epidemiology, @entity2 , and Outcomes of XXXX in Adults: An Observational Cohort Study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The effects of acute @entity9 and @entity2 on intestinal electrolyte transport were studied in adult @entity0 . Animals were made alkalotic or acidotic by gavage feeding of 1 M solutions of @entity4 (pH = 7.42), @entity10 (pH = 7.52), @entity11 (pH = 7.18), or 0.75 M (NH4)2SO4 (pH = 7.21). After 1-3 h, animals were anesthetized and prepared for in vivo perfusion of the jejunum, ileum, and colon. The jejunum exhibited increased net @entity3 absorption in @entity9 and decreased @entity3 absorption in @entity2 . In the ileum, net @entity5 absorption and @entity3 secretion were decreased, and @entity7 secretion was increased in @entity9 , and opposite effects were observed in @entity2 . The ileal lumen minus blood gradient for PCO2 (an index of @entity8 ion secretion) was greater in acidotic than in alkalotic animals. The levels of ileal @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity3 transport and the PCO2 gradient correlated well with the plasma pH and @entity7 concentration in individual animals. In the colon, net @entity7 secretion and @entity6 absorption increased and @entity3 secretion decreased in @entity9 , and opposite effects were observed in @entity2 . The colonic lumen minus blood PCO2 gradient was not affected by acid-base balance. Colonic @entity7 transport correlated with the plasma @entity6 concentration as well as with the plasma pH. The @entity1 had no effect on transmural potential difference. These results suggest that acute @entity9 and @entity2 alter @entity5 and @entity8 ion transport in the ileum and @entity6 and @entity7 transport in the colon.

title: Effect of acute XXXX and @entity2 on intestinal electrolyte transport in vivo.

answer: @entity9


abstract: The effects of acute @entity9 and @entity2 on intestinal electrolyte transport were studied in adult @entity0 . Animals were made alkalotic or acidotic by gavage feeding of 1 M solutions of @entity4 (pH = 7.42), @entity10 (pH = 7.52), @entity11 (pH = 7.18), or 0.75 M (NH4)2SO4 (pH = 7.21). After 1-3 h, animals were anesthetized and prepared for in vivo perfusion of the jejunum, ileum, and colon. The jejunum exhibited increased net @entity3 absorption in @entity9 and decreased @entity3 absorption in @entity2 . In the ileum, net @entity5 absorption and @entity3 secretion were decreased, and @entity7 secretion was increased in @entity9 , and opposite effects were observed in @entity2 . The ileal lumen minus blood gradient for PCO2 (an index of @entity8 ion secretion) was greater in acidotic than in alkalotic animals. The levels of ileal @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity3 transport and the PCO2 gradient correlated well with the plasma pH and @entity7 concentration in individual animals. In the colon, net @entity7 secretion and @entity6 absorption increased and @entity3 secretion decreased in @entity9 , and opposite effects were observed in @entity2 . The colonic lumen minus blood PCO2 gradient was not affected by acid-base balance. Colonic @entity7 transport correlated with the plasma @entity6 concentration as well as with the plasma pH. The @entity1 had no effect on transmural potential difference. These results suggest that acute @entity9 and @entity2 alter @entity5 and @entity8 ion transport in the ileum and @entity6 and @entity7 transport in the colon.

title: Effect of acute @entity9 and XXXX on intestinal electrolyte transport in vivo.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for @entity5 in middle-aged to elderly Singaporeans of Indian ethnicity. METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional study of Indians aged over 40 years of age residing in Southwestern Singapore was conducted. An age-stratified (10-year age group) random sampling procedure was performed to select @entity0 . Refraction was determined by autorefraction followed by subjective refraction. @entity4 was defined as @entity7 ( @entity7 ) < -0.50 diopters (D), @entity4 as @entity7 < -5.00 D, @entity3 as cylinder < -0.50 D, @entity6 as @entity7 > 0.50 D, and @entity8 as @entity7 difference > 1.00 D. Prevalence was adjusted to the 2000 Singapore census. RESULTS: Of the 4497 @entity0 eligible to participate, 3400 (75.6%) were examined. Complete data were available for 2805 adults with right eye @entity5 and no prior @entity2 surgery. The age-adjusted prevalence was 28.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.8-30.2) for @entity4 and 4.1% (95% CI, 3.3-5.0) for @entity4 . There was a U-shaped relationship between @entity4 and increasing age. The age-adjusted prevalence was 54.9% (95% CI, 52.0-57.9) for @entity3 , 35.9% (95% CI, 33.7-38.3) for @entity6 , and 9.8% (95% CI, 8.6-11.1) for @entity8 . In a multiple logistic regression model, adults who were female, younger, taller, spent more time reading and writing per day, or had @entity3 were more likely to be myopic. Adults who were older or had @entity4 or @entity1 had higher risk of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: In Singapore, the prevalence of @entity4 in Indian adults is similar to those in Malays, but lower than those in Chinese. Risk factors for @entity4 are similar across the three ethnic groups in Singapore.

title: Prevalence and risk factors for XXXX in Indians: the Singapore Indian Eye Study (SINDI).

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is @entity2 or non- @entity2 in origin. Eosinophilic infiltrate is identified in coronary artery adventitia in @entity1 . We postulate that a systemic inflammatory state causes @entity4 in younger @entity0 who do not have significant @entity1 risk factors. We report a case series of 13 @entity0 presenting with @entity4 from ages 26-48 with follow up from 1 month to 13 years. Most @entity0 did not have conventional risk factors for @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Approximately 50% of the @entity0 developed recurrent dissection within the first 2 weeks of an index event, but < 25% were symptomatic during follow up. All @entity0 were alive at follow up. Systemic inflammatory state was observed in 80% of @entity0 who developed early recurrent dissection. @entity4 should be strongly suspected in younger @entity0 presenting with @entity3 without @entity1 risk factors. Coronary dissection may recur within first 2 weeks, but @entity0 have good long-term survival without new episodes of dissection. Broad rheumatologic and connective tissue disease work-up should be considered in young females presenting with @entity4 .

title: XXXX : case series with extended follow up.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Successful results of palatal implants in the treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have been reported in the short term; however, there are limited data in the long-term results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term results and to determine factors that predicted the responders in @entity0 undergoing palatal implants in the treatment of @entity1 . A study was undertaken on 92 @entity1 @entity0 . Palatal implants were conducted to stiffen the soft palate and data were analyzed. @entity0 tolerated the procedure well. They were examined between 26 and 32 months after the operation (mean 28.9    4.8). Age range was 25-65 years (38.4    10.5) and BMI was 27.3    2.4 kg/m. The mean preoperative ESS score was 12.3    2.6 and long-term ESS was 7.9    1.8 (p < 0.001). The mean VAS for snoring in the baseline was 8.2    1.2 and long-term VAS was 3.8    2.3 (p < 0.001). The mean preoperative LSAT and long-term LSAT were 87.4    6.7 and 89.2    4.8%, respectively (p < 0.01). The mean AHI decreased from 21.7    6.8 to 10.8    4.8 (p < 0.001). Forty-eight (52.2%) @entity0 had long-term surgical response. Responders had significantly lower preoperative BMI, AHI, and MMP level than non-responders. Implant extrusion occurred in seven @entity0 (7.6%) and @entity3 in one @entity0 (1.1%). Bleeding and @entity2 were not encountered. Palatal implants in carefully selected @entity0 suffering from mild @entity1 , give fairly good long-term results and have a low complication rate.

title: Long-term results of palatal implants for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report an @entity3 outbreak in our 25-bed tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), which was successfully contained. Methods include a retrospective review of @entity0 files, microbiology records and meeting protocols. During the seven months of outbreak, 27 @entity0 and seven @entity1 ( @entity1 ) had positive cultures for @entity3 . The outbreak was caused by the epidemic Rhine-Hessen strain; cultured isolates were monoclonal. After a sharp increase of the number of new @entity3 -cases the installation of an outbreak management team (OMT) and implementation of comprehensive measures (extensive screening and decolonization strategy including orally applied @entity4 , isolation wards, intensive disinfection regimen) successfully terminated the outbreak within one month. Ten (53%) of 19 @entity0 with completed follow-up and all of the @entity1 were decolonized successfully. Gastrointestinal colonization was present in 15 of 27 (56%) neonates, and was associated with poor decolonization success (30% vs. 78% in absence of @entity2 ). A comprehensive outbreak management can terminate an outbreak in a NICU setting within a short time. Thorough screening of nares, throat and especially stool is necessary for correct cohorting. Gastrointestinal decolonization in neonates seems difficult.

title: Successful management of an XXXX outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 is the fourth commonest @entity1 and the second leading cause of @entity1 . Although @entity2 is less common throughout Africa than in Europe, there are considerable variations in its incidence and pattern. It accounts for about 5% of @entity1 . It is characterized with significant morbidity and mortality mainly because of late presentation in developing and poor countries. Previous studies on @entity2 in Ibadan and other West African centres demonstrated the preponderance of distal (pyloric antrum) @entity8 when @entity9 ( @entity9 , fundus) lesions. Nevertheless, recent studies in developed nations show that @entity8 are on the decline while there is an increase in the proportion of proximal @entity8 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to review the pattern of presentation of @entity0 with @entity2 managed in our surgical division over a 5-year period and to determine changes in the trend in our environment. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study of all @entity0 with @entity2 between November 2004 and October 2009 was carried out. Simple descriptive analysis was used to characterize the @entity0 ' demographic parameters, symptomatology, clinical and investigative findings along with treatment and outcome modalities. RESULTS: There were 49 cases managed by the division over the period under review. The male to female ratio was 1.45:1 with a mean age of 56 years at presentation. Duration of symptom was less than 5 months (20 weeks) in 47.9% of the @entity0 . @entity6 was present in 12.2% while 52.6% had a history of suspected @entity10 . There was electrolyte derangement in 31.7% of the @entity0 while 52.6% had @entity3 at presentation. Proximal @entity1 of the gastro-oesophageal region, @entity9 and the body constituted 51% of the cases; 51.4% of the @entity0 were blood group O as opposed to 28.6% and 20%, respectively, with blood A and B. Thirty-six @entity0 (73.5%) had a histological diagnosis of @entity4 , five @entity0 (10%) had signet ring variant of @entity1 , while three @entity0 (6.1%) were each had @entity1 or @entity5 . DISCUSSION: Our review shows a peak age in the sixth and seventh decades at presentation. There is a significant increase in the proportion of proximal @entity8 and a predominance of blood group O. @entity1 and @entity5 should be considered as differential diagnosis. @entity0 still present late with @entity7 , and curative treatment is often impossible.

title: A review of the current profile of XXXX presentation in the university college hospital Ibadan, a tertiary health care institution in the tropics.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 increasingly require dietary management of overweight and @entity1 for resolution. Dietary management of inappropriate @entity4 may be outside of normal pediatric expertise. This review used scientific statements of expert professional groups, federal program documentation, and selected original articles or opinions to survey dietary techniques and highlight continuing controversies and therapeutic successes. At present, complex societal and environmental factors underlie the current epidemic in pediatric overweight, precluding definitive statements of best practices. Thus, although first-generation professional group recommendations are available, clinicians should expect recommendations to change. However, lack of standardized practices to assess the degree and quality of overweight (central versus peripheral adiposity) limit objective determination of therapeutic need and timely referral to nutrition professionals. Dietary management of @entity7 -resistant, overweight/ @entity1 @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity2 ) requires appropriate laboratory diagnostics to ensure that total fat and energy restrictions do not provoke or exacerbate @entity5 or liver fat accumulation. Integrated treatment approaches that combine nutrition education, behavioral modification, and individualized diet instruction are showing success. Diet instructions that include practical translation of nutrition principles to daily eating habits are able to bring about substantial dietary change. The role of the school as a significant component of a @entity0 's lifestyle is described, as well as consideration of federally mandated feeding programs as a factor in designing effective dietary management strategies for those likely to be at high risk for overweight and @entity6 . The need for coordination among families, and health and school professionals to achieve success is emphasized.

title: Societal aspects in the dietary management of childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 analogues are promising drugs for @entity3 , but because of their possible side effects such as increased risk of @entity1 , @entity4 which exert their estrogenic effects selectively on bone are desired. It has been shown that rhein inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity and has an antitumor role in several types of @entity1 . Having found that rhein had high affinity for the bone mineral, we synthesized @entity10 -rhein hybrid compounds and confirmed that one of these hybrid compounds, LC, exhibited a selective profile in the bone and prevented @entity5 but had no effect on endometrium growth in ovariectomized @entity2 . However, the mechanisms underlying its actions on @entity0 bone cells have not been well defined. Here we show that LC concurrently stimulates @entity11 ( @entity11 ) and inhibits @entity13 ( @entity13 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) production by @entity0 osteoblastic MG-63 cells containing two @entity4 receptor (ER) isotypes. Treatment with the ER antagonist @entity7 abrogates the above actions of LC on osteoblast-derived cells. Using small interfering double-stranded RNAs (siRNA) technology, we further demonstrate that the effects of LC on @entity6 production are mediated by both @entity8 and @entity9 but those on @entity11 and @entity13 expression primarily by @entity8 . Furthermore, we also demonstrate that LC functions at least partially through activation of the classic @entity4 response element (ERE) pathway as well as Ras/ @entity14 / @entity12 and @entity15 /Akt signaling. The effect of LC on bone is due to not only its estrogenic activity but also action of its rhein moiety. Also, this compound shows much weaker effect on breast epithelial cell growth than that of @entity10 . Therefore, using rhein for conjugating compounds is a promising method of effectively targeting @entity4 to the bone.

title: LC, a novel @entity10 -rhein hybrid compound, concurrently stimulates XXXX and inhibits receptor activator of NF-kB ligand ( @entity13 ) and @entity6 production by @entity0 osteoblastic cells.

answer: @entity11