abstract: BACKGROUND: The start of warm ischemic time (WIT) of donor lungs in donation after @entity1 (DCD) is not clearly defined. We investigated the effect of donor pre-mortem @entity4 and @entity3 to determine which physiologic factor is the determinant of WIT onset in controlled DCD lung transplantation. METHODS: Twenty mechanically-ventilated donor @entity6 were placed in 4 groups (n = 5 each) and exposed to each of the pseudo-agonal conditions for 60 minutes: (1) control group, no intervention and optimum ventilation, followed by @entity5 ; (2) @entity4 ( @entity4 ) group, controlled @entity4 to <50 mm Hg, followed by @entity5 ; (3) @entity7 ( @entity7 ) group, ventilation with room air at 5 breaths/min, followed by @entity5 ; (4) non-circulation (NC) group, initial @entity5 , followed by a 60-minute standoff time. The lung graft was retrieved and the left lung was transplanted to the recipient. Graft function was evaluated for 4 hours after @entity2 . The reperfusion injury was evaluated based on tissue cytokine expression, wet weight-to-dry weight ratio, and histology at the end of the reperfusion period. RESULTS: Impaired post-transplant graft function was seen in the @entity7 group, which had significantly poorer oxygenation during the reperfusion period than the other groups (p < 0.001). The @entity7 group also had higher tissue levels of @entity8 (p < 0.05), a higher wet weight-to-dry weight ratio (p < 0.05), and histologic findings of graft tissue injury than the control group. The difference in these parameters among the control, @entity4 , and NC groups was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Only pre-mortem @entity3 provoked by @entity7 significantly impaired lung graft function in DCD lung transplantation. Ventilatory rather than circulatory deterioration can trigger the onset of warm @entity0 .

title: Effect of donor pre-mortem XXXX and @entity4 on graft function and start of warm @entity0 in donation after @entity1 lung transplantation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The start of warm ischemic time (WIT) of donor lungs in donation after @entity1 (DCD) is not clearly defined. We investigated the effect of donor pre-mortem @entity4 and @entity3 to determine which physiologic factor is the determinant of WIT onset in controlled DCD lung transplantation. METHODS: Twenty mechanically-ventilated donor @entity6 were placed in 4 groups (n = 5 each) and exposed to each of the pseudo-agonal conditions for 60 minutes: (1) control group, no intervention and optimum ventilation, followed by @entity5 ; (2) @entity4 ( @entity4 ) group, controlled @entity4 to <50 mm Hg, followed by @entity5 ; (3) @entity7 ( @entity7 ) group, ventilation with room air at 5 breaths/min, followed by @entity5 ; (4) non-circulation (NC) group, initial @entity5 , followed by a 60-minute standoff time. The lung graft was retrieved and the left lung was transplanted to the recipient. Graft function was evaluated for 4 hours after @entity2 . The reperfusion injury was evaluated based on tissue cytokine expression, wet weight-to-dry weight ratio, and histology at the end of the reperfusion period. RESULTS: Impaired post-transplant graft function was seen in the @entity7 group, which had significantly poorer oxygenation during the reperfusion period than the other groups (p < 0.001). The @entity7 group also had higher tissue levels of @entity8 (p < 0.05), a higher wet weight-to-dry weight ratio (p < 0.05), and histologic findings of graft tissue injury than the control group. The difference in these parameters among the control, @entity4 , and NC groups was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Only pre-mortem @entity3 provoked by @entity7 significantly impaired lung graft function in DCD lung transplantation. Ventilatory rather than circulatory deterioration can trigger the onset of warm @entity0 .

title: Effect of donor pre-mortem @entity3 and @entity4 on graft function and start of warm @entity0 in donation after XXXX lung transplantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The start of warm ischemic time (WIT) of donor lungs in donation after @entity1 (DCD) is not clearly defined. We investigated the effect of donor pre-mortem @entity4 and @entity3 to determine which physiologic factor is the determinant of WIT onset in controlled DCD lung transplantation. METHODS: Twenty mechanically-ventilated donor @entity6 were placed in 4 groups (n = 5 each) and exposed to each of the pseudo-agonal conditions for 60 minutes: (1) control group, no intervention and optimum ventilation, followed by @entity5 ; (2) @entity4 ( @entity4 ) group, controlled @entity4 to <50 mm Hg, followed by @entity5 ; (3) @entity7 ( @entity7 ) group, ventilation with room air at 5 breaths/min, followed by @entity5 ; (4) non-circulation (NC) group, initial @entity5 , followed by a 60-minute standoff time. The lung graft was retrieved and the left lung was transplanted to the recipient. Graft function was evaluated for 4 hours after @entity2 . The reperfusion injury was evaluated based on tissue cytokine expression, wet weight-to-dry weight ratio, and histology at the end of the reperfusion period. RESULTS: Impaired post-transplant graft function was seen in the @entity7 group, which had significantly poorer oxygenation during the reperfusion period than the other groups (p < 0.001). The @entity7 group also had higher tissue levels of @entity8 (p < 0.05), a higher wet weight-to-dry weight ratio (p < 0.05), and histologic findings of graft tissue injury than the control group. The difference in these parameters among the control, @entity4 , and NC groups was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Only pre-mortem @entity3 provoked by @entity7 significantly impaired lung graft function in DCD lung transplantation. Ventilatory rather than circulatory deterioration can trigger the onset of warm @entity0 .

title: Effect of donor pre-mortem @entity3 and @entity4 on graft function and start of warm XXXX in donation after @entity1 lung transplantation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The start of warm ischemic time (WIT) of donor lungs in donation after @entity1 (DCD) is not clearly defined. We investigated the effect of donor pre-mortem @entity4 and @entity3 to determine which physiologic factor is the determinant of WIT onset in controlled DCD lung transplantation. METHODS: Twenty mechanically-ventilated donor @entity6 were placed in 4 groups (n = 5 each) and exposed to each of the pseudo-agonal conditions for 60 minutes: (1) control group, no intervention and optimum ventilation, followed by @entity5 ; (2) @entity4 ( @entity4 ) group, controlled @entity4 to <50 mm Hg, followed by @entity5 ; (3) @entity7 ( @entity7 ) group, ventilation with room air at 5 breaths/min, followed by @entity5 ; (4) non-circulation (NC) group, initial @entity5 , followed by a 60-minute standoff time. The lung graft was retrieved and the left lung was transplanted to the recipient. Graft function was evaluated for 4 hours after @entity2 . The reperfusion injury was evaluated based on tissue cytokine expression, wet weight-to-dry weight ratio, and histology at the end of the reperfusion period. RESULTS: Impaired post-transplant graft function was seen in the @entity7 group, which had significantly poorer oxygenation during the reperfusion period than the other groups (p < 0.001). The @entity7 group also had higher tissue levels of @entity8 (p < 0.05), a higher wet weight-to-dry weight ratio (p < 0.05), and histologic findings of graft tissue injury than the control group. The difference in these parameters among the control, @entity4 , and NC groups was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Only pre-mortem @entity3 provoked by @entity7 significantly impaired lung graft function in DCD lung transplantation. Ventilatory rather than circulatory deterioration can trigger the onset of warm @entity0 .

title: Effect of donor pre-mortem @entity3 and XXXX on graft function and start of warm @entity0 in donation after @entity1 lung transplantation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Increasing antibiotic resistance makes choosing antibiotics for suspected Gram-negative @entity1 challenging. This study set out to identify key determinants of mortality among @entity0 with @entity7 , focusing particularly on the importance of appropriate empiric antibiotic treatment. We conducted a prospective observational study of 679 unselected adults with @entity7 at ten acute english hospitals between October 2013 and March 2014. Appropriate empiric antibiotic treatment was defined as intravenous treatment on the day of blood culture collection with an antibiotic to which the cultured organism was sensitive in  vitro. Mortality analyses were adjusted for @entity0 demographics, co-morbidities and illness severity. The majority of @entity4 were community-onset (70%); most were caused by @entity2 (65%), @entity6 spp. (15%) or Pseudomonas spp. (7%). Main foci of @entity1 were urinary tract (51%), abdomen/biliary tract (20%) and lower respiratory tract (14%). The main antibiotics used were co-amoxiclav (32%) and @entity5 - @entity8 (30%) with 34% receiving combination therapy (predominantly @entity3 ). Empiric treatment was inappropriate in 34%. All-cause mortality was 8% at 7 days and 15% at 30 days. Independent predictors of mortality (p <0.05) included older age, greater burden of co-morbid disease, severity of illness at presentation and inflammatory response. Inappropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was not associated with mortality at either time-point (adjusted OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.35-1.94 and adjusted OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.50-1.66, respectively). Although our study does not exclude an impact of empiric antibiotic choice on survival in @entity7 , outcome is determined primarily by @entity0 and disease factors.

title: XXXX ; a multi-centre prospective evaluation of empiric antibiotic therapy and outcome in English acute hospitals.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Axillary node status is a major prognostic factor in early @entity0 . Staging with sentinel node biopsy (SNB) leads to a substantial reduction in surgical morbidity. Recent multiinstitutional studies revealed SNB false-negative rates ranging from 5.5% to 16.7%, higher than the target (<5%) set by the 2005 guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. These alarming data point to the necessity of optimization. Dual mapping with radiotracer and blue dye, combining 2 different injection sites, and routinely using lymphoscintigraphy may improve accuracy. Factors associated with decreased sensitivity, such as prior excisional biopsy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, should be recognized. The use of SNB in situations with a high prevalence of node positivity (large @entity2 , multifocality) is controversial. The risk of missed disease after negative SNB ranges from 1% to 4% in @entity1 with T1 @entity2 and up to 15% in @entity1 with T3. With peritumoral injection, internal mammary drainage is seen in about 20% of cases. @entity1 combining internal mammary drainage with a positive axillary sentinel node have close to a 50% probability of internal mammary involvement. Lymphoscintigraphy might thus be helpful in selecting @entity1 for whom internal mammary radiation has a high benefit-to-risk ratio.

title: The sentinel node procedure in XXXX : nuclear medicine as the starting point.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Apc mutant (Apc(Min)) @entity1 develop multiple @entity3 in their intestines and are widely used to study @entity0 and chemopreventive approaches. Molecular imaging of intestinal @entity3 could potentially provide noninvasive longitudinal evaluation of these lesions in living @entity1 . Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of @entity2 PET in the Apc(Min) @entity1 model. METHODS: Apc(Min) @entity1 (n = 8) fed a purified diet were imaged serially after injection of @entity2 at age 9 and 12 wk using a small-animal PET scanner. Abdominal uptake of the tracer was quantified. After dissection, intestines were imaged separately, and intestinal tracer uptake was quantified. Tracer distribution was compared with results from microscopic examination regarding adenoma number and size. Thereafter, findings were validated serially in 20 Apc(Min) @entity1 aged 6, 8, 10, and 12 wk that received standard chow to increase @entity3 . In vivo abdominal @entity2 uptake was correlated with microscopy results. RESULTS: Microscopic examination showed that the @entity1 developed 25-35 intestinal @entity3 at age 12 wk. Ex vivo @entity2 PET of the dissected intestines visualized all large @entity3 and most small @entity3 . Ex vivo total intestinal @entity2 uptake correlated with in vivo total abdominal uptake and with the number of large @entity3 at age 9 and 12 wk. At 12 wk, there was a clear correlation between in vivo abdominal tracer uptake and the number of large @entity3 but not the total number of lesions. CONCLUSION: Intestinal @entity3 in Apc(Min) @entity1 are metabolically active lesions that take up @entity2 . Abdominal @entity2 uptake at age 12 wk serves as a readout modality for large intestinal @entity3 .

title: Total abdominal XXXX uptake reflects intestinal adenoma burden in Apc mutant @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Apc mutant (Apc(Min)) @entity1 develop multiple @entity3 in their intestines and are widely used to study @entity0 and chemopreventive approaches. Molecular imaging of intestinal @entity3 could potentially provide noninvasive longitudinal evaluation of these lesions in living @entity1 . Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of @entity2 PET in the Apc(Min) @entity1 model. METHODS: Apc(Min) @entity1 (n = 8) fed a purified diet were imaged serially after injection of @entity2 at age 9 and 12 wk using a small-animal PET scanner. Abdominal uptake of the tracer was quantified. After dissection, intestines were imaged separately, and intestinal tracer uptake was quantified. Tracer distribution was compared with results from microscopic examination regarding adenoma number and size. Thereafter, findings were validated serially in 20 Apc(Min) @entity1 aged 6, 8, 10, and 12 wk that received standard chow to increase @entity3 . In vivo abdominal @entity2 uptake was correlated with microscopy results. RESULTS: Microscopic examination showed that the @entity1 developed 25-35 intestinal @entity3 at age 12 wk. Ex vivo @entity2 PET of the dissected intestines visualized all large @entity3 and most small @entity3 . Ex vivo total intestinal @entity2 uptake correlated with in vivo total abdominal uptake and with the number of large @entity3 at age 9 and 12 wk. At 12 wk, there was a clear correlation between in vivo abdominal tracer uptake and the number of large @entity3 but not the total number of lesions. CONCLUSION: Intestinal @entity3 in Apc(Min) @entity1 are metabolically active lesions that take up @entity2 . Abdominal @entity2 uptake at age 12 wk serves as a readout modality for large intestinal @entity3 .

title: Total abdominal @entity2 uptake reflects intestinal adenoma burden in Apc mutant XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Chronic @entity4 is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We conducted a study comparing the efficacy of @entity6 and @entity5 with respect to their impact on serum and hepatic viral DNA clearance, and improvement in hepatic necro-inflammatory score, in naive @entity0 of chronic @entity4 . METHODS: This prospective randomized pilot study was conducted in Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, involving 30 @entity0 of chronic @entity4 (both e antigen positive and negative); 15 were randomly selected to receive either @entity6 or @entity5 for a period of 6 months. Quantification of serum and hepatic @entity3 DNA levels was done by real time PCR and liver biopsy was done at the beginning and end of 6 months. RESULTS: Serum ALT was elevated to 2 or more times normalized in both the groups. In the @entity6 group, two @entity0 became HBeAg negative. In the @entity5 group, one @entity0 became HBeAg negative. After therapy @entity3 DNA was negative in 26.7 per cent @entity0 from @entity6 group and 13.3 per cent @entity0 from @entity5 group. Serum HBV DNA levels were correlated with the hepatic levels before therapy (r=0.843; P<0.001) and after therapy (r=0.713, P<0.001) showing strong correlation. There was a median reduction of 1.92 and 2.06 log copies per ml in serum HBV DNA load after @entity6 and @entity5 therapy, respectively. The mean reduction in the histology activity index (HAI) score was 2 and 1.53, @entity2 score was 2.33 and 3.06 after @entity6 and @entity5 therapy respectively. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 and @entity5 treatment caused biochemical and serological improvement when administered for about 6 months with significant reduction in HBV DNA, serum and hepatic viral load without completely clearing the virus from either serum or liver. It also helped in @entity1 and @entity2 score of @entity0 with chronic @entity4 . Our study also showed significant correlation between serum and hepatic @entity3 DNA levels both before and after therapy. There was not enough evidence to show therapeutic advantage of one drug over the other in any of the parameters measured.

title: Evaluation of @entity6 _ @entity5 in chronic @entity4 : correlation with @entity3 viral kinetic, hepatic-necro inflammation _ XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Chronic @entity4 is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We conducted a study comparing the efficacy of @entity6 and @entity5 with respect to their impact on serum and hepatic viral DNA clearance, and improvement in hepatic necro-inflammatory score, in naive @entity0 of chronic @entity4 . METHODS: This prospective randomized pilot study was conducted in Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, involving 30 @entity0 of chronic @entity4 (both e antigen positive and negative); 15 were randomly selected to receive either @entity6 or @entity5 for a period of 6 months. Quantification of serum and hepatic @entity3 DNA levels was done by real time PCR and liver biopsy was done at the beginning and end of 6 months. RESULTS: Serum ALT was elevated to 2 or more times normalized in both the groups. In the @entity6 group, two @entity0 became HBeAg negative. In the @entity5 group, one @entity0 became HBeAg negative. After therapy @entity3 DNA was negative in 26.7 per cent @entity0 from @entity6 group and 13.3 per cent @entity0 from @entity5 group. Serum HBV DNA levels were correlated with the hepatic levels before therapy (r=0.843; P<0.001) and after therapy (r=0.713, P<0.001) showing strong correlation. There was a median reduction of 1.92 and 2.06 log copies per ml in serum HBV DNA load after @entity6 and @entity5 therapy, respectively. The mean reduction in the histology activity index (HAI) score was 2 and 1.53, @entity2 score was 2.33 and 3.06 after @entity6 and @entity5 therapy respectively. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 and @entity5 treatment caused biochemical and serological improvement when administered for about 6 months with significant reduction in HBV DNA, serum and hepatic viral load without completely clearing the virus from either serum or liver. It also helped in @entity1 and @entity2 score of @entity0 with chronic @entity4 . Our study also showed significant correlation between serum and hepatic @entity3 DNA levels both before and after therapy. There was not enough evidence to show therapeutic advantage of one drug over the other in any of the parameters measured.

title: Evaluation of @entity6 _ @entity5 in chronic XXXX : correlation with @entity3 viral kinetic, hepatic-necro inflammation _ @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Chronic @entity4 is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We conducted a study comparing the efficacy of @entity6 and @entity5 with respect to their impact on serum and hepatic viral DNA clearance, and improvement in hepatic necro-inflammatory score, in naive @entity0 of chronic @entity4 . METHODS: This prospective randomized pilot study was conducted in Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, involving 30 @entity0 of chronic @entity4 (both e antigen positive and negative); 15 were randomly selected to receive either @entity6 or @entity5 for a period of 6 months. Quantification of serum and hepatic @entity3 DNA levels was done by real time PCR and liver biopsy was done at the beginning and end of 6 months. RESULTS: Serum ALT was elevated to 2 or more times normalized in both the groups. In the @entity6 group, two @entity0 became HBeAg negative. In the @entity5 group, one @entity0 became HBeAg negative. After therapy @entity3 DNA was negative in 26.7 per cent @entity0 from @entity6 group and 13.3 per cent @entity0 from @entity5 group. Serum HBV DNA levels were correlated with the hepatic levels before therapy (r=0.843; P<0.001) and after therapy (r=0.713, P<0.001) showing strong correlation. There was a median reduction of 1.92 and 2.06 log copies per ml in serum HBV DNA load after @entity6 and @entity5 therapy, respectively. The mean reduction in the histology activity index (HAI) score was 2 and 1.53, @entity2 score was 2.33 and 3.06 after @entity6 and @entity5 therapy respectively. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 and @entity5 treatment caused biochemical and serological improvement when administered for about 6 months with significant reduction in HBV DNA, serum and hepatic viral load without completely clearing the virus from either serum or liver. It also helped in @entity1 and @entity2 score of @entity0 with chronic @entity4 . Our study also showed significant correlation between serum and hepatic @entity3 DNA levels both before and after therapy. There was not enough evidence to show therapeutic advantage of one drug over the other in any of the parameters measured.

title: Evaluation of @entity6 _ @entity5 in chronic @entity4 : correlation with XXXX viral kinetic, hepatic-necro inflammation _ @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Chronic @entity4 is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We conducted a study comparing the efficacy of @entity6 and @entity5 with respect to their impact on serum and hepatic viral DNA clearance, and improvement in hepatic necro-inflammatory score, in naive @entity0 of chronic @entity4 . METHODS: This prospective randomized pilot study was conducted in Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, involving 30 @entity0 of chronic @entity4 (both e antigen positive and negative); 15 were randomly selected to receive either @entity6 or @entity5 for a period of 6 months. Quantification of serum and hepatic @entity3 DNA levels was done by real time PCR and liver biopsy was done at the beginning and end of 6 months. RESULTS: Serum ALT was elevated to 2 or more times normalized in both the groups. In the @entity6 group, two @entity0 became HBeAg negative. In the @entity5 group, one @entity0 became HBeAg negative. After therapy @entity3 DNA was negative in 26.7 per cent @entity0 from @entity6 group and 13.3 per cent @entity0 from @entity5 group. Serum HBV DNA levels were correlated with the hepatic levels before therapy (r=0.843; P<0.001) and after therapy (r=0.713, P<0.001) showing strong correlation. There was a median reduction of 1.92 and 2.06 log copies per ml in serum HBV DNA load after @entity6 and @entity5 therapy, respectively. The mean reduction in the histology activity index (HAI) score was 2 and 1.53, @entity2 score was 2.33 and 3.06 after @entity6 and @entity5 therapy respectively. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 and @entity5 treatment caused biochemical and serological improvement when administered for about 6 months with significant reduction in HBV DNA, serum and hepatic viral load without completely clearing the virus from either serum or liver. It also helped in @entity1 and @entity2 score of @entity0 with chronic @entity4 . Our study also showed significant correlation between serum and hepatic @entity3 DNA levels both before and after therapy. There was not enough evidence to show therapeutic advantage of one drug over the other in any of the parameters measured.

title: Evaluation of @entity6 _ XXXX in chronic @entity4 : correlation with @entity3 viral kinetic, hepatic-necro inflammation _ @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Chronic @entity4 is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We conducted a study comparing the efficacy of @entity6 and @entity5 with respect to their impact on serum and hepatic viral DNA clearance, and improvement in hepatic necro-inflammatory score, in naive @entity0 of chronic @entity4 . METHODS: This prospective randomized pilot study was conducted in Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, involving 30 @entity0 of chronic @entity4 (both e antigen positive and negative); 15 were randomly selected to receive either @entity6 or @entity5 for a period of 6 months. Quantification of serum and hepatic @entity3 DNA levels was done by real time PCR and liver biopsy was done at the beginning and end of 6 months. RESULTS: Serum ALT was elevated to 2 or more times normalized in both the groups. In the @entity6 group, two @entity0 became HBeAg negative. In the @entity5 group, one @entity0 became HBeAg negative. After therapy @entity3 DNA was negative in 26.7 per cent @entity0 from @entity6 group and 13.3 per cent @entity0 from @entity5 group. Serum HBV DNA levels were correlated with the hepatic levels before therapy (r=0.843; P<0.001) and after therapy (r=0.713, P<0.001) showing strong correlation. There was a median reduction of 1.92 and 2.06 log copies per ml in serum HBV DNA load after @entity6 and @entity5 therapy, respectively. The mean reduction in the histology activity index (HAI) score was 2 and 1.53, @entity2 score was 2.33 and 3.06 after @entity6 and @entity5 therapy respectively. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 and @entity5 treatment caused biochemical and serological improvement when administered for about 6 months with significant reduction in HBV DNA, serum and hepatic viral load without completely clearing the virus from either serum or liver. It also helped in @entity1 and @entity2 score of @entity0 with chronic @entity4 . Our study also showed significant correlation between serum and hepatic @entity3 DNA levels both before and after therapy. There was not enough evidence to show therapeutic advantage of one drug over the other in any of the parameters measured.

title: Evaluation of XXXX _ @entity5 in chronic @entity4 : correlation with @entity3 viral kinetic, hepatic-necro inflammation _ @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a polypoid lesion originating from the maxillary sinus, emerging from the ostium and extending to the choana. Although the etiologic causes of @entity5 are not known completely, it presents a fairly uniform clinical appearance. @entity4 (NO) has an important role in non-specific immunoreactions and @entity1 in various tissues and has a main regulatory role in airway function and seems to involve in pathomechanism of several @entity7 . NO is synthesized by the effect of three isoforms of @entity4 synthase i.e. @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Some studies revealed that @entity5 has some different characteristics from the ordinary @entity3 . In the present study, in order to compare @entity5 with @entity2 (NANP), we detected and localized the @entity6 expression and also evaluate some histological parameters. METHODS: Twenty-six cases were chosen from the files and four controls were used. The cases were separated as follows: normal inferior turbinate mucosa as control (n=4) ACPs (n=8), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (n=9), and NANP (n=9). Five-micrometer thick sections were prepared from the paraffin sections of @entity5 and normal nasal mucosa to quantify the @entity6 expression. @entity6 protein was observed in the cytoplasm of epithelial and stromal inflammatory cells. @entity6 protein expression in the groups was assessed according to the intensity of staining and histomorphological parameters, @entity0 , lymphocytic and eosinophilic cell infiltration were detected semi quantitatively. RESULTS: @entity6 expressions, either stromal or epithelial, were not different from each other among the four groups. Although it is not statistically significant, we noted that @entity3 and @entity5 frequently showed moderate and severe @entity6 protein expression in epithelial and stromal parts when compared with NANPs and controls. Also, @entity6 expression was significantly higher in the stroma of the ANPs than NANPs (P=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: ACPs and ANPs have frequently showed moderate and significant epithelial and stromal @entity6 expression. Further studies are needed in large groups to elucidate differences between @entity5 and the other @entity3 .

title: Expression of inducible @entity4 synthase in antrochoanal XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a polypoid lesion originating from the maxillary sinus, emerging from the ostium and extending to the choana. Although the etiologic causes of @entity5 are not known completely, it presents a fairly uniform clinical appearance. @entity4 (NO) has an important role in non-specific immunoreactions and @entity1 in various tissues and has a main regulatory role in airway function and seems to involve in pathomechanism of several @entity7 . NO is synthesized by the effect of three isoforms of @entity4 synthase i.e. @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Some studies revealed that @entity5 has some different characteristics from the ordinary @entity3 . In the present study, in order to compare @entity5 with @entity2 (NANP), we detected and localized the @entity6 expression and also evaluate some histological parameters. METHODS: Twenty-six cases were chosen from the files and four controls were used. The cases were separated as follows: normal inferior turbinate mucosa as control (n=4) ACPs (n=8), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (n=9), and NANP (n=9). Five-micrometer thick sections were prepared from the paraffin sections of @entity5 and normal nasal mucosa to quantify the @entity6 expression. @entity6 protein was observed in the cytoplasm of epithelial and stromal inflammatory cells. @entity6 protein expression in the groups was assessed according to the intensity of staining and histomorphological parameters, @entity0 , lymphocytic and eosinophilic cell infiltration were detected semi quantitatively. RESULTS: @entity6 expressions, either stromal or epithelial, were not different from each other among the four groups. Although it is not statistically significant, we noted that @entity3 and @entity5 frequently showed moderate and severe @entity6 protein expression in epithelial and stromal parts when compared with NANPs and controls. Also, @entity6 expression was significantly higher in the stroma of the ANPs than NANPs (P=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: ACPs and ANPs have frequently showed moderate and significant epithelial and stromal @entity6 expression. Further studies are needed in large groups to elucidate differences between @entity5 and the other @entity3 .

title: Expression of inducible XXXX synthase in antrochoanal @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of peripheral @entity1 reconstruction by surgical treatment and determine the influence factors for recovery. METHODS: From 1999 to 2009, 104 @entity0 underwent surgical rehabilitation for transected peripheral @entity2 in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. The age ranged from 2 to 77 years with a median age of 30 years. Sixty-five of the 72 cases (90.2%) who underwent @entity1 and 24 of the 32 @entity0 (75.0%) underwent @entity1 grafting. All these @entity0 were followed for the final results. @entity1 was scored by the gross and regional House-Brackmann (HB) facial grading system. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 software package by   2 test or Fisher exact test. RESULTS: In the @entity1 group, @entity3 IV function were achieved in 37 (56.9%), 11 (16.9%), 15 (23.1%) and 2 (3.1%) @entity0 respectively. The regional grades showed that the recovery rate of @entity3 were 27.3% in forehead, 97.6% in eye region, 97.9% in midface and 78.6% in the mouth region. In the @entity1 grafting group, HB grades I, II, III and IV were achieved in 4 (16.7%), 5 (20.8%), 7 (29.2%) and 8 (33.3%) @entity0 respectively. By regional HB grades, @entity3 rate were 37.5% in forehead, 73.7% in eye region, 72.7% in midface, 44.4% in mouth region. The @entity1 group had a higher @entity3 recovery rate than @entity1 grafting group (P=0.002). CONCLUSION: @entity1 and @entity1 grafting are effective surgical options for transected peripheral @entity2 . The site and range of @entity2 , the time post onset until repair, and the age of @entity0 are factors that influence the clinical outcomes.

title: [Surgical treatment of transected peripheral XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the role of the recently discovered @entity1 ( @entity1 ) risk factor mapped to chromosome 7q31 in @entity2 @entity0 from Iowa and to determine the expression pattern of genes in the locus in @entity0 eyes. METHODS: A cohort of 545 @entity1 @entity0 and 297 control subjects from Iowa were genotyped with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; @entity5 ) in the chromosome 7q31 locus using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The expression of genes within the 7q31 locus, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 eyes was investigated with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The minor allele frequency (MAF) of @entity5 was 27% in control subjects and 29% in @entity1 @entity0 . We detected no statistical difference when we compared the allele frequencies of @entity5 between @entity1 @entity0 and control subjects (p=0.5). Similarly, we detected no statistical difference in the frequency of the three possible @entity5 genotypes between @entity0 and controls (p=0.22). Immunohistochemistry showed caveolin expression in @entity0 retina, ciliary muscle, trabecular meshwork, and Schlemm's canal. In our small cohort of donor eyes, the genotype of @entity5 did not obviously influence labeling intensity or distribution of @entity3 and @entity4 in the retina. CONCLUSIONS: A genome-wide association study of subjects from Iceland mapped the first common genetic risk factor for @entity1 to a small region of the genome on chromosome 7q31 that contains the caveolin genes @entity3 and @entity4 . We were unable to detect this association in our @entity0 from Iowa, suggesting that this risk factor may not have a strong effect in all populations.

title: Chromosome 7q31 XXXX locus: ocular expression of caveolins and lack of association with @entity1 in a US cohort.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the role of the recently discovered @entity1 ( @entity1 ) risk factor mapped to chromosome 7q31 in @entity2 @entity0 from Iowa and to determine the expression pattern of genes in the locus in @entity0 eyes. METHODS: A cohort of 545 @entity1 @entity0 and 297 control subjects from Iowa were genotyped with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; @entity5 ) in the chromosome 7q31 locus using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The expression of genes within the 7q31 locus, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 eyes was investigated with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The minor allele frequency (MAF) of @entity5 was 27% in control subjects and 29% in @entity1 @entity0 . We detected no statistical difference when we compared the allele frequencies of @entity5 between @entity1 @entity0 and control subjects (p=0.5). Similarly, we detected no statistical difference in the frequency of the three possible @entity5 genotypes between @entity0 and controls (p=0.22). Immunohistochemistry showed caveolin expression in @entity0 retina, ciliary muscle, trabecular meshwork, and Schlemm's canal. In our small cohort of donor eyes, the genotype of @entity5 did not obviously influence labeling intensity or distribution of @entity3 and @entity4 in the retina. CONCLUSIONS: A genome-wide association study of subjects from Iceland mapped the first common genetic risk factor for @entity1 to a small region of the genome on chromosome 7q31 that contains the caveolin genes @entity3 and @entity4 . We were unable to detect this association in our @entity0 from Iowa, suggesting that this risk factor may not have a strong effect in all populations.

title: Chromosome 7q31 @entity1 locus: ocular expression of caveolins and lack of association with XXXX in a US cohort.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cause of atypical manifestation of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in triple-phase spiral CT enhanced scan. METHODS: Triple-phase spiral CT scan was performed in 75 @entity0 with @entity2 . The hepatic arterial phase (HAP), portal venous phase ( @entity5 ) and delayed phase (DP) images were started at 25 to 30 s, 65 to 70 s and 3 tp 5 min after injection of contrast medium. The contrast enhanced patterns of lesion were observed and analyzed. RESULTS: Ninety-two lesions were found in 75 @entity0 . Typical enhanced findings such as hyperdense in HAP and @entity4 in @entity5 and DP was found in 60 of 92 lesions. Atypical enhanced findings were observed in the other 32 lesions. Fourteen of 32 atypical enhanced lesions were hyperdense in HAP and isodense in @entity5 , of which 8 were seen in liver @entity1 and 3 in @entity3 . In DP, 10 were @entity4 and 4 still isodense. Eight of the 32 lesions were hyperdense both in HAP and @entity5 , of which 6 were seen in @entity3 . In DP, 3 were isodense and 5 were @entity4 . Six of 32 lesions were isodense in HAP which became @entity4 in @entity5 and DP. Four of 32 lesions were all @entity4 in HAP, @entity5 and DP. CONCLUSION: Multiple atypical enhanced manifestations are present by triple-phase spiral CT scan in @entity2 . Pattern of blood supply, scanning technique and pathophysiologic status are usually the cause of these findings.

title: [Atypical manifestation of XXXX by triple-phase spiral CT scan].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The results are reported of four feeding experiments in which lactating @entity0 were given fixed rations of hay and high-cereal concentrates at different meal frequencies. In Expt 1 the total ration was given in two and twenty-four meals daily and in Expts 2-4, the concentrates were given in two and five or six meals and the hay was given twice daily. The diets contained 600-900 g concentrate/kg. In all the experiments, more frequent feeding of these low-roughage diets reduced milk fat @entity1 and increased milk fat yield. In each experiment the increase was greater with the diet containing the lower proportion of hay. There was no significant effect on milk yield, the protein or @entity2 contents of the milk or live-weight gain. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and energy was increased in one of the experiments but not in two others in which it was measured. More frequent feeding was calculated to increase the net energy secreted in milk and there was a tendency for it to increase the net energy in live-weight gain with diets containing 600 or 700 g concentrate/kg but to decrease it with diets containing 800 or 900 g concentrate/kg. These results are discussed in relation to theories of energy partition in lactating @entity0 . It is concluded that at fixed feed intakes, the main response to increased meal frequency is likely to be a reduction in milk fat @entity1 and that this will be confined to diets containing not more than about 200 g modified acid-detergent fibre/kg dry matter.

title: Feeding frequency for lactating XXXX : effects on digestion, milk production and energy utilization.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study assesses the effect of the stem cell antigen-1 positive ( @entity4 (+) ) cell-based @entity0 @entity3 (hGH) ex vivo gene transfer strategy on endosteal bone mass in the @entity1 . METHODS: Sublethally irradiated recipient @entity1 were transplanted with @entity4 (+) cells transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing hGH or b-galactosidase control genes. Bone parameters were assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. RESULTS: This hGH strategy drastically increased hGH mRNA levels in bone marrow cells and serum @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (by nearly 50%, p < 0.002) in hGH recipient @entity1 . Femoral trabecular bone volume of the hGH @entity1 was significantly reduced by 35% (p < 0.002). The hGH @entity1 also had decreased trabecular number (by 26%; p < 0.0001), increased trabecular separation (by 38%; p < 0.0002) and reduced trabecular connectivity density (by 64%; p < 0.001), as well as significantly more osteoclasts (2.5-fold; p < 0.05) and greater osteoclastic surface per bone surface (2.6-fold; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted expression of hGH in cells of marrow cavity through the @entity4 (+) cell-based gene transfer strategy increased circulating @entity5 and decreased endosteal bone mass through an increase in resorption in recipient @entity1 . These results indicate that high local levels of hGH or @entity5 in the bone marrow microenvironment enhanced resorption, which is consistent with previous findings in @entity1 with targeted bone @entity5 expression showing that high local @entity5 expression increased bone remodeling, favoring a net @entity2 . Thus, GH and/or @entity5 would not be an appropriate transgene for use in this @entity4 cell-based gene transfer strategy to promote endosteal bone formation. Published 2011 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Stem cell antigen-1 positive cell-based systemic @entity0 @entity3 gene transfer strategy increases endosteal bone resorption and XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study assesses the effect of the stem cell antigen-1 positive ( @entity4 (+) ) cell-based @entity0 @entity3 (hGH) ex vivo gene transfer strategy on endosteal bone mass in the @entity1 . METHODS: Sublethally irradiated recipient @entity1 were transplanted with @entity4 (+) cells transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing hGH or b-galactosidase control genes. Bone parameters were assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. RESULTS: This hGH strategy drastically increased hGH mRNA levels in bone marrow cells and serum @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (by nearly 50%, p < 0.002) in hGH recipient @entity1 . Femoral trabecular bone volume of the hGH @entity1 was significantly reduced by 35% (p < 0.002). The hGH @entity1 also had decreased trabecular number (by 26%; p < 0.0001), increased trabecular separation (by 38%; p < 0.0002) and reduced trabecular connectivity density (by 64%; p < 0.001), as well as significantly more osteoclasts (2.5-fold; p < 0.05) and greater osteoclastic surface per bone surface (2.6-fold; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted expression of hGH in cells of marrow cavity through the @entity4 (+) cell-based gene transfer strategy increased circulating @entity5 and decreased endosteal bone mass through an increase in resorption in recipient @entity1 . These results indicate that high local levels of hGH or @entity5 in the bone marrow microenvironment enhanced resorption, which is consistent with previous findings in @entity1 with targeted bone @entity5 expression showing that high local @entity5 expression increased bone remodeling, favoring a net @entity2 . Thus, GH and/or @entity5 would not be an appropriate transgene for use in this @entity4 cell-based gene transfer strategy to promote endosteal bone formation. Published 2011 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Stem cell antigen-1 positive cell-based systemic @entity0 XXXX gene transfer strategy increases endosteal bone resorption and @entity2 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study assesses the effect of the stem cell antigen-1 positive ( @entity4 (+) ) cell-based @entity0 @entity3 (hGH) ex vivo gene transfer strategy on endosteal bone mass in the @entity1 . METHODS: Sublethally irradiated recipient @entity1 were transplanted with @entity4 (+) cells transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing hGH or b-galactosidase control genes. Bone parameters were assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. RESULTS: This hGH strategy drastically increased hGH mRNA levels in bone marrow cells and serum @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (by nearly 50%, p < 0.002) in hGH recipient @entity1 . Femoral trabecular bone volume of the hGH @entity1 was significantly reduced by 35% (p < 0.002). The hGH @entity1 also had decreased trabecular number (by 26%; p < 0.0001), increased trabecular separation (by 38%; p < 0.0002) and reduced trabecular connectivity density (by 64%; p < 0.001), as well as significantly more osteoclasts (2.5-fold; p < 0.05) and greater osteoclastic surface per bone surface (2.6-fold; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted expression of hGH in cells of marrow cavity through the @entity4 (+) cell-based gene transfer strategy increased circulating @entity5 and decreased endosteal bone mass through an increase in resorption in recipient @entity1 . These results indicate that high local levels of hGH or @entity5 in the bone marrow microenvironment enhanced resorption, which is consistent with previous findings in @entity1 with targeted bone @entity5 expression showing that high local @entity5 expression increased bone remodeling, favoring a net @entity2 . Thus, GH and/or @entity5 would not be an appropriate transgene for use in this @entity4 cell-based gene transfer strategy to promote endosteal bone formation. Published 2011 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Stem cell antigen-1 positive cell-based systemic XXXX @entity3 gene transfer strategy increases endosteal bone resorption and @entity2 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study assesses the effect of the stem cell antigen-1 positive ( @entity4 (+) ) cell-based @entity0 @entity3 (hGH) ex vivo gene transfer strategy on endosteal bone mass in the @entity1 . METHODS: Sublethally irradiated recipient @entity1 were transplanted with @entity4 (+) cells transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing hGH or b-galactosidase control genes. Bone parameters were assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. RESULTS: This hGH strategy drastically increased hGH mRNA levels in bone marrow cells and serum @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (by nearly 50%, p < 0.002) in hGH recipient @entity1 . Femoral trabecular bone volume of the hGH @entity1 was significantly reduced by 35% (p < 0.002). The hGH @entity1 also had decreased trabecular number (by 26%; p < 0.0001), increased trabecular separation (by 38%; p < 0.0002) and reduced trabecular connectivity density (by 64%; p < 0.001), as well as significantly more osteoclasts (2.5-fold; p < 0.05) and greater osteoclastic surface per bone surface (2.6-fold; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted expression of hGH in cells of marrow cavity through the @entity4 (+) cell-based gene transfer strategy increased circulating @entity5 and decreased endosteal bone mass through an increase in resorption in recipient @entity1 . These results indicate that high local levels of hGH or @entity5 in the bone marrow microenvironment enhanced resorption, which is consistent with previous findings in @entity1 with targeted bone @entity5 expression showing that high local @entity5 expression increased bone remodeling, favoring a net @entity2 . Thus, GH and/or @entity5 would not be an appropriate transgene for use in this @entity4 cell-based gene transfer strategy to promote endosteal bone formation. Published 2011 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Stem cell antigen-1 positive cell-based systemic @entity0 @entity3 gene transfer strategy increases endosteal bone resorption and @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: From the first laparoscopic colectomy that we performed 18 years ago, several studies showed equivalent oncologic results of this technique compared to open surgery Despite this evidence traditional surgeons remain skeptical in the use of this technique, although it may favor an early return of bowel function and therefore a shorter hospitalization, as reported in recent comparative studies. Many colorectal surgeons, who have appreciated the advantages of laparoscopic colectomy, extended this approach also in @entity1 , finding a better view in the pelvis during dissection. METHOD: From 1992 to july 2009 we performed more than 400 laparoscopic resection and amputation for @entity1 . One hundreds eighteen @entity0 (TNM stage I-III) with a 36 month minimum follow-up were enrolled in this analysis. Converted @entity0 to open surgery and @entity0 staged as iT1N0 are not present in this series because we treat with local excision by TEM. RESULTS: Mean operative time was 160 minutes (90-265). Mortality was 1% in 186 @entity0 and conversion rate was 1.5%. Major complications occurred in 10.7%, including @entity2 in 14 @entity0 (7.5%) and mean hospital stay was 7.7 days. With a mean follow up of 96.8 (36-175) months in the stage I-III, the local recurrence rate was 12.5%. Systematic recurrence occurred in 13.1%. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic resection in @entity1 would allow the use of the same Heald's technique, respecting the Heald's principle of meticulous dissection during total mesorectal excision, furthermore we are waiting 5 years data from randomized trials (COLOR II and CLASICC).

title: [Laparoscopic surgery of XXXX : state of art and long-term results].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 deprivation as a treatment for @entity3 has evolved since the pioneering studies of Huggins and Hodges 60 years ago using surgical castration or @entity1 treatments. The most common hormonal treatments today use injections of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) agonists. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 5 @entity6 agonist formulations for treatment of @entity3 in the United States. Of these approved products, 3 involve different delivery systems for the @entity6 superagonist @entity5 . Sustained-release formulations of 2 distinct @entity6 agonists, @entity7 and @entity8 , are also commercially available. This review focuses on new data on a novel formulation of @entity5 (Eligard; Atrix Laboratories Inc., Fort Collins, CO) that incorporates a unique mixture of selected polymers and solvents to achieve sustained drug delivery after subcutaneous injection. The FDA has approved 1-month and 3-month formulations of Eligard, and 4-month and 6-month products are in development. In clinical trials, Eligard achieves reliable and sustained suppression of serum @entity2 to castration levels (< or =50 ng/dL). Of the @entity0 treated with the 1-month and 3-month formulations, 98% (115 of 117) and 94% (104 of 111), respectively, reached @entity2 levels of < or =20 ng/dL. Breakthroughs, defined as @entity2 levels >50 ng/dL after achievement of castration levels, occurred rarely at 0% (0 of 117) for the 1-month and at 0.9% (1 of 111) for the 3-month formulations in @entity0 receiving Eligard. The degree of disease control and the adverse-events profile are commensurate with the effectiveness of the @entity2 suppression; the incidence of severe hot flashes is actually lower than anticipated. Additional studies with these novel formulations are warranted.

title: Eligard: XXXX in a novel sustained-release delivery system.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The clinical impact of neutralizing antibodies directed against the therapeutic enzyme was investigated in @entity0 with @entity3 . Two @entity0 with @entity3 were followed for their clinical progression during antibody development and clinical changes during tolerization. @entity0 1 developed neutralizing antibodies to @entity4 (GCase) at the 10th month of enzyme therapy. Tolerization was achieved within a 42-month period with a short course of @entity2 and then higher dose enzyme (60 IU/kg/week) alone. @entity0 1 continues to improve up to 100 months of enzyme therapy despite the presence of low level in vitro neutralizing antibodies. Patient 2 developed neutralizing antibodies to GCase at the 29th month of enzyme therapy that correlated with clinical deterioration. Clinical stabilization has been observed with increased enzyme therapy (60 IU/kg/week) even in the presence of the neutralizing antibodies. Patient 2 is the first to develop neutralizing antibodies after 12 months of enzyme therapy. Plasma chitotriosidase activities were not well correlated with the clinical course in either @entity0 . The presence of neutralizing antibodies should be suspected in @entity3 @entity0 on enzyme therapy who experience diminished response or deterioration. The persistence of minimal amounts of in vitro neutralizing antibodies does not interfere with the therapeutic effectiveness. Chitotriosidase is not a sensitive marker for the severity of @entity1 progression.

title: Enzyme therapy of XXXX : clinical and biochemical changes during production of and tolerization for neutralizing antibodies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 , due to its effect on cardiac conductivity, is a potentially life-threatening electrolyte abnormality. Multiple therapeutic agents may be used alone or in combination for its prompt management. METHODS: We report on the safety and efficacy of continuous infusion of a solution containing fixed concentrations of @entity11 , insulin, @entity1 and @entity12 (HyperK-Cocktail) for the treatment of @entity7 . This solution is prepared at our institution and is infused parenterally until the plasma @entity2 level stabilizes. Twenty-one consecutive @entity10 @entity0 managed with HyperK-Cocktail on 23 occasions are reported. RESULTS: None of the subjects had intravenous extravasation injuries, @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity3 or @entity9 during HyperK-Cocktail infusion. Transient @entity8 developed in nine subjects and @entity6 in one subject. The decrease in serum @entity2 was similar in the initial hour when compared to prior studies using a beta-agonist and/or insulin and @entity1 ; a larger decrease was present from 2 to 8 h with the HyperK-Cocktail. The plasma @entity2 decreased by a mean of 1.0, 1.7, 2.1 and 2.1 mmol/ @entity13 h, respectively. The mean serum @entity2 at hours 1-8 was significantly lower than the initial level. CONCLUSION: The results of our study demonstrated that HyperK-Cocktail is a safe and effective combination therapy for @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: Continuous infusion of a standard combination solution in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Obesity continues to be an epidemic worldwide. There also continues to be a relationship between @entity1 and @entity2 both causal and consequentially. The study aims at determining the prevalence and pattern of overweight and @entity1 among our @entity0 being managed for essential @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a cross sectional study. Consecutive @entity0 diagnosed with essential @entity2 were recruited from two university teaching hospitals in the South West of Nigeria. Demographic data such as age, gender, weight and height were obtained from @entity0 at recruitment. @entity0 with @entity5 , secondary @entity2 , @entity6 , and other @entity3 were excluded. Pregnant @entity0 were also excluded. Obesity was defined according to WHO classification. Statistical analysis was done by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 11.0. RESULTS: One thousand one hundred and two (1102) consecutive @entity2 @entity0 were recruited. Two hundred and eighty six (286) were dropped due to evidence of overt @entity4 and others (188). There were (420) males (51.5%) and 396 females (48.5%), mean age 54.97 (  13.14) years. (Range 10-91). 7.6% (62) were underweight (36 males, 26 Females): 260 (31.9%) were overweight, consisting of 148 males and 112 females: 135 (16.5%) had mild @entity1 consisting of 48 males and 87 females: 43(5.3%) had moderate @entity1 with 15 males and 28 females while 30(3.7%) had severe @entity1 (consisting of 22 females). CONCLUSION: About two thirds of the @entity2 @entity0 seen in two teaching hospitals in the South West of Nigeria in this study were either overweight or @entity1 . Therefore lifestyle modification geared toward weight reduction should be emphasized in these @entity0 .

title: Burden of @entity1 in essential XXXX : pattern and prevalence.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Obesity continues to be an epidemic worldwide. There also continues to be a relationship between @entity1 and @entity2 both causal and consequentially. The study aims at determining the prevalence and pattern of overweight and @entity1 among our @entity0 being managed for essential @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a cross sectional study. Consecutive @entity0 diagnosed with essential @entity2 were recruited from two university teaching hospitals in the South West of Nigeria. Demographic data such as age, gender, weight and height were obtained from @entity0 at recruitment. @entity0 with @entity5 , secondary @entity2 , @entity6 , and other @entity3 were excluded. Pregnant @entity0 were also excluded. Obesity was defined according to WHO classification. Statistical analysis was done by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 11.0. RESULTS: One thousand one hundred and two (1102) consecutive @entity2 @entity0 were recruited. Two hundred and eighty six (286) were dropped due to evidence of overt @entity4 and others (188). There were (420) males (51.5%) and 396 females (48.5%), mean age 54.97 (  13.14) years. (Range 10-91). 7.6% (62) were underweight (36 males, 26 Females): 260 (31.9%) were overweight, consisting of 148 males and 112 females: 135 (16.5%) had mild @entity1 consisting of 48 males and 87 females: 43(5.3%) had moderate @entity1 with 15 males and 28 females while 30(3.7%) had severe @entity1 (consisting of 22 females). CONCLUSION: About two thirds of the @entity2 @entity0 seen in two teaching hospitals in the South West of Nigeria in this study were either overweight or @entity1 . Therefore lifestyle modification geared toward weight reduction should be emphasized in these @entity0 .

title: Burden of XXXX in essential @entity2 : pattern and prevalence.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A consecutive series of 27 @entity0 with @entity4 (24 @entity3 , 3 @entity5 ) have been staged at laparotomy using the Japanese criteria for macroscopic staging. In 20 @entity0 the radical R2/3 resection was considered potentially curative as defined by the Japanese Society for Research in @entity4 . The operative mortality in this subgroup was 1/20 (5 per cent) and 3/27 (11 per cent) in the entire series. Locoregional recurrence was not observed in the potentially curative group. Follow-up has varied from 6 months to 7 years. An overall survival of 12/27 (48 per cent) has been observed to date. Death from @entity2 dissemination is maximal in the first and second year after resection. The R2/3 resection was considered non-curative in seven @entity0 . In this subgroup there were two postoperative deaths and four have died of @entity1 within 12 months of the resection. The only 5 year survivor in this group had a @entity6 .

title: R2/3 gastrectomy for XXXX : an audited experience of a consecutive series.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 @entity8 is a pregnancy marker secreted by the placenta, and it utilizes the same receptors as does LH. @entity0 @entity8 is a heterodimer, and its subunits are expressed in tissues other than placenta. Similarly, LH/ @entity8 receptors are also expressed in multiple tissues; however, the physiological significance of this expression is unknown. Free @entity9 is efficiently secreted in vitro in transfected cells and is highly expressed in many @entity0 @entity1 ; however, the biological effects of free @entity9 in vivo are unknown. To study in vivo consequences of elevated levels of free @entity9 and @entity8 dimer in both male and female reproductive physiology, we used @entity2 metallothionein 1 promoter to generate multiple lines of @entity2 that overexpressed either one or both subunits of @entity8 . Although @entity2 expressing the glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit are normal and fertile, both male and female @entity2 overexpressing only the hormone-specific @entity9 subunit are infertile. The @entity9 subunit-expressing transgenic female @entity2 progressively develop @entity3 , whereas the male @entity2 are infertile but otherwise are not phenotypically discernible. In contrast, both the male and female @entity2 coexpressing high levels of the @entity8 subunits (i.e., the @entity8 dimer) demonstrate multiple reproductive defects. The male @entity2 have @entity7 , very high levels of serum @entity5 , reduced testis size, and dramatically enlarged seminal vesicles and are infertile and display overly aggressive behavior when caged with females. The female @entity2 are also infertile, have elevated levels of serum @entity4 , and progressively develop @entity6 and @entity3 with thecal layer enlargement and stromal cell proliferation and degenerating kidneys. These results suggest that the in vivo biological effects of ectopically expressed free @entity9 subunit are distinct from those of the @entity8 dimer and are gender specific. These @entity2 are useful models for studying the biology of free @entity9 subunit, for further analyzing the gain of function effects of @entity8 during early Leydig cell development, and for studying the roles of @entity8 in ovarian and kidney pathophysiology and function.

title: Overexpression of XXXX chorionic gonadotropin causes multiple reproductive defects in @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 @entity8 is a pregnancy marker secreted by the placenta, and it utilizes the same receptors as does LH. @entity0 @entity8 is a heterodimer, and its subunits are expressed in tissues other than placenta. Similarly, LH/ @entity8 receptors are also expressed in multiple tissues; however, the physiological significance of this expression is unknown. Free @entity9 is efficiently secreted in vitro in transfected cells and is highly expressed in many @entity0 @entity1 ; however, the biological effects of free @entity9 in vivo are unknown. To study in vivo consequences of elevated levels of free @entity9 and @entity8 dimer in both male and female reproductive physiology, we used @entity2 metallothionein 1 promoter to generate multiple lines of @entity2 that overexpressed either one or both subunits of @entity8 . Although @entity2 expressing the glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit are normal and fertile, both male and female @entity2 overexpressing only the hormone-specific @entity9 subunit are infertile. The @entity9 subunit-expressing transgenic female @entity2 progressively develop @entity3 , whereas the male @entity2 are infertile but otherwise are not phenotypically discernible. In contrast, both the male and female @entity2 coexpressing high levels of the @entity8 subunits (i.e., the @entity8 dimer) demonstrate multiple reproductive defects. The male @entity2 have @entity7 , very high levels of serum @entity5 , reduced testis size, and dramatically enlarged seminal vesicles and are infertile and display overly aggressive behavior when caged with females. The female @entity2 are also infertile, have elevated levels of serum @entity4 , and progressively develop @entity6 and @entity3 with thecal layer enlargement and stromal cell proliferation and degenerating kidneys. These results suggest that the in vivo biological effects of ectopically expressed free @entity9 subunit are distinct from those of the @entity8 dimer and are gender specific. These @entity2 are useful models for studying the biology of free @entity9 subunit, for further analyzing the gain of function effects of @entity8 during early Leydig cell development, and for studying the roles of @entity8 in ovarian and kidney pathophysiology and function.

title: Overexpression of @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin causes multiple reproductive defects in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1 renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells are physiologically exposed to a wide range of ambient tonicity. To maintain their function upon changes in osmolality, IMCD cells induce expression of osmoprotective and antiapoptotic genes, mainly mediated by the transcription factor @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Some drugs like @entity3 (CsA) are discussed to interfere with the activity of @entity7 and thereby mediate their nephrotoxic effects. The aim of our study was to further understand CsA @entity2 during elevation of ambient osmolality. METHODS: First we examined @entity2 of CsA in IMCD exposed to elevated tonicity. Employing microarray analysis of gene expression, real-time PCR and immunoassays, we scrutinized pathways contributing to this effect. RESULTS: We show that in IMCD cells CsA but not @entity5 increases apoptosis upon an increase in tonicity. This effect is independent of cellular @entity7 localization or activity and reactive @entity0 species. Microarray studies revealed marked quantitative differences in gene expression. Functional analysis showed overrepresentation of genes associated with cell death in presence of CsA. This correlated with increased mRNA expression of genes associated with the death receptor pathway and detection of @entity6 in culture medium of cells treated with CsA. CONCLUSION: Our results show that CsA @entity2 is induced under elevated ambient osmolality and that death receptor signaling probably contributes to @entity4 @entity2 .

title: @entity3 induced XXXX in @entity1 renal collecting duct cells: interference with enhanced hypertonicity induced apoptosis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1 renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells are physiologically exposed to a wide range of ambient tonicity. To maintain their function upon changes in osmolality, IMCD cells induce expression of osmoprotective and antiapoptotic genes, mainly mediated by the transcription factor @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Some drugs like @entity3 (CsA) are discussed to interfere with the activity of @entity7 and thereby mediate their nephrotoxic effects. The aim of our study was to further understand CsA @entity2 during elevation of ambient osmolality. METHODS: First we examined @entity2 of CsA in IMCD exposed to elevated tonicity. Employing microarray analysis of gene expression, real-time PCR and immunoassays, we scrutinized pathways contributing to this effect. RESULTS: We show that in IMCD cells CsA but not @entity5 increases apoptosis upon an increase in tonicity. This effect is independent of cellular @entity7 localization or activity and reactive @entity0 species. Microarray studies revealed marked quantitative differences in gene expression. Functional analysis showed overrepresentation of genes associated with cell death in presence of CsA. This correlated with increased mRNA expression of genes associated with the death receptor pathway and detection of @entity6 in culture medium of cells treated with CsA. CONCLUSION: Our results show that CsA @entity2 is induced under elevated ambient osmolality and that death receptor signaling probably contributes to @entity4 @entity2 .

title: XXXX induced @entity2 in @entity1 renal collecting duct cells: interference with enhanced hypertonicity induced apoptosis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1 renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells are physiologically exposed to a wide range of ambient tonicity. To maintain their function upon changes in osmolality, IMCD cells induce expression of osmoprotective and antiapoptotic genes, mainly mediated by the transcription factor @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Some drugs like @entity3 (CsA) are discussed to interfere with the activity of @entity7 and thereby mediate their nephrotoxic effects. The aim of our study was to further understand CsA @entity2 during elevation of ambient osmolality. METHODS: First we examined @entity2 of CsA in IMCD exposed to elevated tonicity. Employing microarray analysis of gene expression, real-time PCR and immunoassays, we scrutinized pathways contributing to this effect. RESULTS: We show that in IMCD cells CsA but not @entity5 increases apoptosis upon an increase in tonicity. This effect is independent of cellular @entity7 localization or activity and reactive @entity0 species. Microarray studies revealed marked quantitative differences in gene expression. Functional analysis showed overrepresentation of genes associated with cell death in presence of CsA. This correlated with increased mRNA expression of genes associated with the death receptor pathway and detection of @entity6 in culture medium of cells treated with CsA. CONCLUSION: Our results show that CsA @entity2 is induced under elevated ambient osmolality and that death receptor signaling probably contributes to @entity4 @entity2 .

title: @entity3 induced @entity2 in XXXX renal collecting duct cells: interference with enhanced hypertonicity induced apoptosis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 resulting from @entity10 is not uncommon. @entity7 may lead to intractable @entity3 , mechanical overload of the neighboring joints, limitation of motion and function, and dysmorphic appearance. Although @entity11 has been used to treat @entity2 , the outcome of @entity11 for @entity1 resulting from @entity10 remains largely unknown. METHODS: The results after twenty-five corrective osteotomies (twenty-two @entity0 ), performed between 1975 and 1995, in sixteen tibiae, eight femora, and one radius were evaluated. There were thirteen @entity0 and nine @entity0 with a mean age of sixty-seven years. The indication for osteotomy was @entity3 in twenty limbs, recurrent @entity8 in three, and limitation of function in two. A variety of osteotomies and fixation methods were used. Two @entity0 underwent simultaneous total hip arthroplasty and proximal femoral osteotomy. RESULTS: Twenty-three of twenty-five osteotomies healed with an average time to union of six months. Both nonunions were in @entity0 who had been managed with intramedullary fixation. The time to union was significantly shorter in metaphyseal osteotomies fixed with plates than in diaphyseal osteotomies (p < 0.04). There was a substantial improvement in the deformities. Satisfaction was rated excellent or good by fourteen @entity0 , fair by six, and poor by two. Complications included a pin-track infection in two @entity0 , @entity9 in one, and loss of fixation following external fixation in one. Disease activity, as measured by serum alkaline phosphatase level, and medical treatment with @entity6 and/or @entity4 did not have a significant impact on time to union. CONCLUSIONS: Corrective osteotomy for the treatment of severe @entity2 can be challenging and yet rewarding. A higher prevalence of complications was observed following intramedullary nailing and external fixation. @entity5 seems to be particularly protracted in diaphyseal osteotomies.

title: Corrective osteotomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: As brain temperature is reported to be extensively higher than core body temperature in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 , posttraumatic @entity2 is of particular relevance in the injured brain. OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of prophylactic normothermia on brain temperature and the temperature gradient between brain and core body in @entity0 with severe @entity1 using an intravascular cooling system and to assess the relationship between brain temperature and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) under endovascular temperature control. METHODS: Prospective case series study conducted in the neurologic intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital. Seven @entity0 with severe @entity1 with a Glasgow @entity4 Scale score of 8 or less were consecutively enrolled. Prophylactic normothermia, defined as a target temperature of 36.5  C, was maintained using an intravascular cooling system. Simultaneous measurements of brain and urinary bladder temperature and @entity3 were taken over a 72-hour period. RESULTS: The mean bladder temperature in normothermic @entity0 was 36.3    0.4  C, and the mean brain temperature was determined as 36.4    0.5  C. The mean temperature difference between brain and bladder was 0.1  C. We found a significant direct correlation between brain and bladder temperature (r = 0.95). In 52.4% of all measurements, brain temperature was higher than core body temperature. The mean @entity3 was 18    8 mm Hg. CONCLUSION: Intravascular temperature management stabilizes both brain and body core temperature; prophylactic normothermia reduces the otherwise extreme increase of intracerebral temperature in @entity0 with severe @entity1 . The intravascular cooling management proved to be an efficacious and feasible method to control brain temperature and to avoid @entity2 in the injured brain. We could not find a statistically significant correlation between brain temperature and @entity3 .

title: Keep the brain cool--endovascular cooling in @entity0 with severe XXXX : a case series study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: As brain temperature is reported to be extensively higher than core body temperature in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 , posttraumatic @entity2 is of particular relevance in the injured brain. OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of prophylactic normothermia on brain temperature and the temperature gradient between brain and core body in @entity0 with severe @entity1 using an intravascular cooling system and to assess the relationship between brain temperature and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) under endovascular temperature control. METHODS: Prospective case series study conducted in the neurologic intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital. Seven @entity0 with severe @entity1 with a Glasgow @entity4 Scale score of 8 or less were consecutively enrolled. Prophylactic normothermia, defined as a target temperature of 36.5  C, was maintained using an intravascular cooling system. Simultaneous measurements of brain and urinary bladder temperature and @entity3 were taken over a 72-hour period. RESULTS: The mean bladder temperature in normothermic @entity0 was 36.3    0.4  C, and the mean brain temperature was determined as 36.4    0.5  C. The mean temperature difference between brain and bladder was 0.1  C. We found a significant direct correlation between brain and bladder temperature (r = 0.95). In 52.4% of all measurements, brain temperature was higher than core body temperature. The mean @entity3 was 18    8 mm Hg. CONCLUSION: Intravascular temperature management stabilizes both brain and body core temperature; prophylactic normothermia reduces the otherwise extreme increase of intracerebral temperature in @entity0 with severe @entity1 . The intravascular cooling management proved to be an efficacious and feasible method to control brain temperature and to avoid @entity2 in the injured brain. We could not find a statistically significant correlation between brain temperature and @entity3 .

title: Keep the brain cool--endovascular cooling in XXXX with severe @entity1 : a case series study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity11 (EF), a growth factor modulator, is the @entity1 homologue of @entity0 secretory group II phospholipase A(2). EF exhibits growth-promoting activity in vitro, in the presence of @entity7 , and also brings about phenotypic transformation of normal cells. In order to ascertain the role of EF in vivo, a @entity0 @entity8 promoter was used to drive the expression of EF ectopically to squamous epithelial cells. The founder @entity1 and its progeny showed abnormal whiskers and a scaly, beaded tail. In these @entity1 , keratinization pattern of the epidermis was disturbed and @entity9 and @entity6 were noted. The @entity1 , TgK14-EF, expressed EF in the suprabasal layers of tail epidermis as well as in the epithelial cells of hair follicle and sebaceous glands of skin. Expression of EF along with @entity5 was also observed in other @entity10 and oesophagus. TgK14-EF @entity1 homozygous for the transgene showed delayed and scanty hair growth although the @entity1 were healthy and fertile. The hemizygous TgK14-EF @entity1 were sensitive to a two-stage chemical @entity2 and developed a higher number of @entity4 than their normal littermates over the course of the experiment. The conversion rate of @entity4 to @entity3 was two fold higher in the @entity1 .

title: Expression of @entity11 /phospholipase A2 in skin results in abnormal epidermis and increased sensitivity to chemical XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity11 (EF), a growth factor modulator, is the @entity1 homologue of @entity0 secretory group II phospholipase A(2). EF exhibits growth-promoting activity in vitro, in the presence of @entity7 , and also brings about phenotypic transformation of normal cells. In order to ascertain the role of EF in vivo, a @entity0 @entity8 promoter was used to drive the expression of EF ectopically to squamous epithelial cells. The founder @entity1 and its progeny showed abnormal whiskers and a scaly, beaded tail. In these @entity1 , keratinization pattern of the epidermis was disturbed and @entity9 and @entity6 were noted. The @entity1 , TgK14-EF, expressed EF in the suprabasal layers of tail epidermis as well as in the epithelial cells of hair follicle and sebaceous glands of skin. Expression of EF along with @entity5 was also observed in other @entity10 and oesophagus. TgK14-EF @entity1 homozygous for the transgene showed delayed and scanty hair growth although the @entity1 were healthy and fertile. The hemizygous TgK14-EF @entity1 were sensitive to a two-stage chemical @entity2 and developed a higher number of @entity4 than their normal littermates over the course of the experiment. The conversion rate of @entity4 to @entity3 was two fold higher in the @entity1 .

title: Expression of XXXX /phospholipase A2 in skin results in abnormal epidermis and increased sensitivity to chemical @entity2 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: AIM: Diffuse sclerosing variant of @entity8 (DSV-PTC) is an uncommon variant of PTC, and its prognostic significance remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the major genetic alterations of DSV-PTC and their prognostic implications. METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 37 @entity0 with DSV-PTC who underwent thyroid surgery and had @entity4 -fixed @entity5 -embedded samples. We tested for a panel of genetic alterations including BRAF(V) (600E) , @entity9 codon 61, HRAS codon 12/13/61, and KRAS codon 12/13 point mutations as well as @entity10 / @entity7 , @entity10 / @entity12 , and @entity11 /PPARy rearrangements using reverse transcription real-time PCR. All genetic alterations found on PCR were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Associations between the identified genetic alterations and clinicopathologic characteristics were evaluated. Among 37 cases of DSV-PTC, 17 were positive for @entity10 / @entity7 (46%), 6 for @entity10 / @entity12 (16%), and 9 for BRAF(V) (600E) (24%). All mutations/rearrangements were mutually exclusive. The remaining 5 cases had none of the above genetic alterations. DSV-PTC with @entity10 / @entity12 rearrangement was associated with @entity2 , including T4 and distant @entity1 (P < 0.05). @entity0 with @entity10 / @entity12 showed a higher frequency of persistent disease (P < 0.01). In contrast, DSV-PTC with @entity10 / @entity7 was associated with a higher prevalence of disease remission (P < 0.05) and coexistent @entity6 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Taken together, @entity10 /PTC rearrangement was the major @entity3 seen in @entity0 with DSV-PTC and @entity10 / @entity12 rearrangement was associated with advanced stage at diagnosis and poor clinical outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Diffuse sclerosing variant of XXXX :Major genetic alterations and prognostic implications.

answer: @entity8


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) inhibitors most widely used to treat neovascular age-dependent @entity4 (nAMD) are different proteins with structural features potentially relevant to adverse effects (AEs). Two of these are also established in @entity1 therapy (with higher dosages and AEs). The importance of ocular AE and extraocular activities is still a subject of controversy and ongoing research. Areas covered: Potential risks of intraocular @entity2 inhibition based on prospective studies, in vitro investigations, pharmacokinetics, and hints from anti- @entity1 treatment. Expert opinion: nAMD is a frequently observed chronic clinical condition severely affecting the visual function of elderly @entity0 . Intravitreal injection of @entity2 -inactivating proteins is highly effective to prevent @entity3 . Anti- @entity2 therapy is well tolerated, and low rates of ocular and systemic AEs in smaller trials suggest a very high benefit/risk ratio. The proteins established in nAMD therapy show similar efficacies. In the controversy over the off-label use of bevacizumab purely on grounds of much lower cost, the small, but potentially relevant differences between the available drugs are easily either dramatized (by pharmaceutical companies) or trivialized (by health insurances) and even political interference is involved. Facing the lack of a convincing body of evidence regarding safety, further long-term study results seem necessary.

title: Safety of monoclonal antibodies and related therapeutic proteins for the treatment of XXXX : addressing outstanding issues.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Dolichoectasia is an @entity4 that causes dilatation and/or tortuosity of the affected vessel. The prevalence of dolichoectasia increases with age, and this disease is also associated with other traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Multiple pathophysiological processes might lead to the development of dolichoectatic vessels, and activation of metalloproteinases and irregular turbulent blood flow seem to cause irreversible disruption of the internal elastic lamina. Intracranial dolichoectasia commonly presents with @entity1 or @entity2 , and/or @entity3 . The posterior circulation is more frequently affected by the dolichoectatic process than the anterior circulation. A positive diagnosis of dolichoectasia requires visual assessment of vessel shape and, if the posterior circulation is affected, application of Smoker's criteria. Reproducible criteria that aid diagnosis of dolichoectasia in the anterior circulation are lacking. No specific treatment for dolichoectasia exists, and the surgical and medical therapies that have been used to treat this condition have not been systematically evaluated. More evidence is needed to better understand the underlying dilatatory artheriopathy that causes this disease, and to determine whether @entity0 with dolichoectasia might benefit from early diagnosis. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of current knowledge regarding dolichoectasia, and highlight gaps in our knowledge to aid future research.

title: Dolichoectasia-an evolving XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the biochemical recurrence-free and @entity1 -specific survival after radical prostatectomy in a consecutive series of @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data for 1,822 @entity0 who underwent radical prostatectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection at our institution between 1990 and 2009. After excluding 498 @entity0 who were treated with neoadjuvant @entity3 deprivation therapy or who were followed up for  <=6 months, we included 1324 @entity0 (mean age, 64.4 years; mean @entity4 [PSA] level, 12.3 ng/ml). We assessed @entity0 age at the time of surgery, preoperative PSA concentration, biopsy and pathologic Gleason scores, pathologic stage, surgical margin status, disease progression, and survival. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 40 months (range, 6-193 months). The 5- and 10-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rates were 73.2% and 66.2%, respectively, and the 10-year @entity1 -specific survival rate was 92.4%. The mean time from surgery to biochemical recurrence was 18 months. In the multivariate analysis, Gleason score (4+3 vs. 2-6, p=0.004; 8-10 vs. 2-6, p<0.001), pathologic stage (pT3a vs. pT2, p=0.001; pT3b-4 vs. pT2, p<0.001; @entity5 vs. pT2, p<0.001), and resection margin status (p<0.001) were statistically significant predictors of biochemical recurrence, with only pathologic stage (pT3b-4 vs. pT2, p=0.006; @entity5 vs. pT2, p=0.010) being a statistically significant predictor of @entity1 -specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: Radical prostatectomy resulted in favorable @entity1 control in more than 70% of @entity0 after 5 years and a low (<10%) @entity1 -specific mortality rate after 10 years. The factors predictive of biochemical recurrence were Gleason score, pathologic stage, and resection margin status.

title: Biochemical recurrence-free and XXXX -specific survival after radical prostatectomy at a single institution.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Particle stimulated chemiluminescence (CL) production by @entity0 polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) has been utilized to evaluate the pathogenicity of mineral and glass fibers with the understanding that reactive @entity1 metabolites (ROM) production as measured by CL is etiopathogenically related to fiber @entity2 . In the present study to investigate the specific pathogenic role of fiber number and dimensions, CL production from PMN exposed to @entity3 asbestos mineral and glass fiber samples milled for different time periods was measured. Almost all the fibrous particles in the glass fiber sample were destroyed after milling for 30 minutes. With @entity3 , the total number of fibrous particles remained almost constant for up to 240 minutes of milling, although the size of fibrous particles was reduced. CL produced by the same mass of glass fiber was elevated after milling for 15 minutes, but then declined when the milling time was further increased. Similarly, with @entity3 , the production of CL was elevated at the first period of milling for 30 minutes, but then declined at the longer milling times. The level of CL produced was not correlated to the total number of fibrous particles, for both the glass fiber and the @entity3 samples. Likewise for the glass fiber and @entity3 samples, no specific range of fiber dimension was correlated to the peak hight CL production. These findings indicate that neither the total number, nor the specific range of fiber dimension solely determines CL production. As a consequence, it may be concluded that other physiochemical factors, such as the surface reactive characteristics of milled fibers, may be more closely related to CL production by PMN.

title: Reactive XXXX metabolite production induced by asbestos and glass fibers: effect of fiber milling.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress-induced @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is an @entity4 , mimics @entity5 ( @entity5 ), largely confined to postmenopausal @entity0 , frequently precipitated by a stressful event. The pathogenesis of @entity6 is still unknown. Some authors hypothesized a possible connection between @entity6 and @entity2 , but no previous study analyzed the relationship between @entity2 trait and @entity6 . This study sought to assess the potential role of @entity2 trait in the development and clinical course of @entity6 . METHODS: We included in the present prospective case-control study 50 consecutive @entity0 admitted to our Hospital with a diagnosis of @entity6 according to the Mayo Clinic criteria. Fifty control @entity0 with anterior @entity5 matched for clinical characteristics such as age, gender, and @entity1 were selected. During the hospitalization, all @entity0 were asked to complete the Spielberger Trait @entity2 Inventory (STAI) scale for measuring self-reported trait @entity2 (Trait-A). Outcome measures at follow-up were @entity3 , @entity6 recurrence, and rehospitalization. RESULTS: The mean value of STAI scale was 46    12 in @entity6 @entity0 and 45    14 in @entity5 @entity0 (p = 0.815). High- @entity2 trait (STAI scale value >=  40) was documented in 30 (60%) @entity6 @entity0 and in 26 (52%) @entity5 @entity0 (p = 0.387). At multivariate analysis, predictors of @entity6 were lower peak @entity7 kinase value (HR 0.999; 95% CI 0.998-0.999; p = 0.018) and an antecedent stressful trigger event (HR 45.487; 95% CI 6.471-319.759; p = 0.001), but @entity2 trait was not. There were no differences in outcome measures between @entity6 @entity0 with or without high- @entity2 trait. CONCLUSION: In @entity6 @entity0 , high- @entity2 trait is a common finding but it is not significantly more frequent than in @entity0 with @entity5 . Moreover, a high- @entity2 trait seems to be neither associated with a worse clinical outcome nor a predictor of @entity6 . Our study do not support the routine evaluation of @entity2 trait in @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: XXXX trait in @entity0 with stress-induced cardiomyopathy: a case-control study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress-induced @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is an @entity4 , mimics @entity5 ( @entity5 ), largely confined to postmenopausal @entity0 , frequently precipitated by a stressful event. The pathogenesis of @entity6 is still unknown. Some authors hypothesized a possible connection between @entity6 and @entity2 , but no previous study analyzed the relationship between @entity2 trait and @entity6 . This study sought to assess the potential role of @entity2 trait in the development and clinical course of @entity6 . METHODS: We included in the present prospective case-control study 50 consecutive @entity0 admitted to our Hospital with a diagnosis of @entity6 according to the Mayo Clinic criteria. Fifty control @entity0 with anterior @entity5 matched for clinical characteristics such as age, gender, and @entity1 were selected. During the hospitalization, all @entity0 were asked to complete the Spielberger Trait @entity2 Inventory (STAI) scale for measuring self-reported trait @entity2 (Trait-A). Outcome measures at follow-up were @entity3 , @entity6 recurrence, and rehospitalization. RESULTS: The mean value of STAI scale was 46    12 in @entity6 @entity0 and 45    14 in @entity5 @entity0 (p = 0.815). High- @entity2 trait (STAI scale value >=  40) was documented in 30 (60%) @entity6 @entity0 and in 26 (52%) @entity5 @entity0 (p = 0.387). At multivariate analysis, predictors of @entity6 were lower peak @entity7 kinase value (HR 0.999; 95% CI 0.998-0.999; p = 0.018) and an antecedent stressful trigger event (HR 45.487; 95% CI 6.471-319.759; p = 0.001), but @entity2 trait was not. There were no differences in outcome measures between @entity6 @entity0 with or without high- @entity2 trait. CONCLUSION: In @entity6 @entity0 , high- @entity2 trait is a common finding but it is not significantly more frequent than in @entity0 with @entity5 . Moreover, a high- @entity2 trait seems to be neither associated with a worse clinical outcome nor a predictor of @entity6 . Our study do not support the routine evaluation of @entity2 trait in @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: @entity2 trait in XXXX with stress-induced cardiomyopathy: a case-control study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the early results of @entity6 resection in relation to cardiac and other operative risk factors, assess the magnitude of the procedure, and evaluate longer-term postoperative rehabilitation; 176 @entity0 (mean age 67,1 years) were assessed, of whom 160 (90,9%) had operations. Using the multifactorial index of cardiac risk in non-cardiac surgical procedures (Goldman) the majority fell into the low-risk category (groups I and II). Other risk factors evaluated were @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity1 . The majority of these @entity0 had @entity5 clearance rates of less than 50% of the theoretical normal rate for age. Of 7 postoperative deaths (operative mortality rate 4,4%) 4 followed @entity4 , and all the latter @entity0 fell into cardiac risk grade III. The other risk factors did not significantly influence the mortality or complication rates. The highest complication rate occurred in @entity0 who underwent aortic bifurcation graft placement and the lowest in @entity0 who underwent simple infrarenal tube grafting. Of 153 survivors, 10 have been lost to follow-up and 141 have returned to full activity. In conclusion, the cardiac risk index used is a valuable predictor of operative risk. If the @entity0 survives surgery, excellent longer-term rehabilitation can be expected.

title: XXXX resection--operative risk and long-term results.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: The literature on @entity1 support groups supports the provision of ongoing education and training for @entity1 support group leaders, with evidence suggesting that more skilled and experienced leaders create better outcomes for group members. To address support and training needs reported by leaders, three novel interventions were developed and pilot-tested. These included a leaders' website and discussion forum, @entity2 and manual, and a 2-day training workshop. METHODS: The interventions were developed using a combination of literature review, expert consensus, and consumer feedback. A convenience sample of ten leaders pilot-tested the Website and discussion forum. Using a mixed-method approach, evaluation of the workshop and the @entity2 and manual was conducted with 35 leaders. RESULTS: Overall, satisfaction with all aspects of the Website and discussion forum was high. Analysis of the quantitative data revealed extremely high satisfaction with the workshop and @entity2 and manual. The qualitative responses of workshop @entity0 further supported the quantitative findings with enhanced knowledge, understanding, and confidence reported by leaders. CONCLUSIONS: All three interventions exhibited a high degree of user acceptance, regardless of the skill or experience of the @entity1 support group leader. The overall positive findings from the evaluation of the leader Website and discussion forum, the @entity2 and manual, and the workshop for @entity1 support group leaders provides evidence to support more rigorous evaluation of these resources in a randomized controlled trial.

title: The development of novel interventions to assist the leaders of XXXX support groups.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has a role in respiratory function and dysfunction. Although @entity4 affects respiratory drive to both phrenic and cranial motoneurons, relatively little is known about the role of @entity4 receptor subtypes in the control of upper airway muscle (UAM) respiratory activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here, we performed central injections of @entity9 agonist ( @entity7 ) or antagonist ( @entity8 ) in anesthetized @entity2 and analyzed changes in the electromyographic activity of several UAM and other cardiorespiratory parameters. We also compared the pattern of @entity5 expression induced after central injection of a control solution or @entity7 . RESULTS: Results showed that @entity7 induced a robust increase in UAM activity, associated with either @entity6 under @entity3 or bradypnea under liquid anesthesia. Injection of @entity8 switched off UAM respiratory activity and led to bradypnea, suggesting a tonic excitatory role of endogenous @entity9 receptor activation. Co-injection of the agonist and the antagonist blocked the effects produced by each drug alone. Besides drug-induced changes in respiratory frequency, only slight increases in surface of diaphragm bursts were observed. Significant increases in @entity5 expression after @entity9 receptor activation were seen in the nucleus tractus solitarius, nucleus raphe pallidus, @entity1 , retrotrapezoid nucleus, lateral parabrachial, and K  lliker-Fuse nuclei. This restricted pattern of @entity5 expression likely identified the neural substrate responsible for the enhancement of UAM respiratory activity observed after @entity7 injection. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest an important role for the @entity9 receptors in the neural control of upper airway patency and may be relevant to counteract pharyngeal atonia during @entity0 .

title: Differential respiratory control of the upper airway and diaphragm muscles induced by XXXX receptor ligands.

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish age-stratified normal values for prostate volume, serum total @entity2 concentration, maximum urinary flow rate (Q (max)), micturition and postvoid residual urine volumes, IPSS, and quality of life. These community-derived values of healthy older @entity0 are necessary to correctly judge @entity0 with lower urinary tract symptoms due to @entity1 (LUTS/BPH). METHODS: Analysis of LUTS/BPH-related determinants in community-dwelling @entity0 in the city of Herne, Germany after exclusion of subgroups with co-morbidities or co-medications with possible influence on the key items. RESULTS: The analysis is based on 1,763 @entity0 . In these @entity0 aged 50-80 years, mean total prostate volume continuously increased from 24 to 38 cc and mean @entity2 concentration from 1.1 to 2.5 ng/ml. @entity2 concentration in @entity0 with a prostate volume <25 cc also showed a continuous increase with aging, starting at 0.8 in the youngest and ending at 1.9 ng/ml in the oldest age group. Mean Q (max) of free uroflowmetry (from 22.1 to 13.7 ml/s) and mean micturition volume (from 329 to 193 cc) showed a continuous decrease that was dependent on prostate size. Mean postvoid residual urine was nearly unchanged over the age groups at approximately 20-30 cc. Although IPSS increased continuously with aging (from 4 to 7), QoL remained unchanged at 2 over the age groups. Prostate size had a minor impact on IPSS. CONCLUSIONS: Normal values for investigated LUTS/BPH-related determinants and the influence of aging hereon should serve as references during the assessment of Caucasian @entity0 in Europe.

title: Age-stratified normal values for prostate volume, XXXX , maximum urinary flow rate, IPSS, and other LUTS/BPH indicators in the German male community-dwelling population aged 50 years or older.

answer: @entity2