abstract: We investigated the efficacy of kidney wrapping with @entity9 ( @entity10 ) mesh for control of @entity6 and preservation of renal function following extensive @entity1 in the @entity3 . Wrapping of lacerated kidneys resulted in reapposition of the renal parenchyma and prompt, sustained hemostasis. At 21 days following injury the @entity1 were well healed. Among five @entity3 with lacerations involving the entire surface of one kidney, the mean of the ratios of the @entity8 clearance of the affected kidney divided by the @entity8 clearance of the uninjured contralateral kidney was 0.83 +/- 0.14. Among ten @entity3 with lacerations confined to the lower pole of one kidney, five were treated by mesh wrapping and five by partial nephrectomy. The mean of the ratios of the @entity8 clearance of the affected kidney divided by the @entity8 clearance of the uninjured contralateral kidney was 0.93 +/- 0.17 for the former group and 0.58 +/- 0.06 for the latter group. @entity4 following kidney wrapping developed in only one @entity3 who had an @entity5 @entity7 at the time of injury. Blood pressure was monitored in eight @entity3 treated with mesh wrapping. None became @entity2 . These data suggest that @entity10 mesh may have clinical utility in the management of selected renal injuries in @entity0 .

title: XXXX mesh in experimental renal trauma.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Our goal was to review and extend statistical methods for discriminating between normal subjects and those with @entity1 or @entity0 . We compared six different methods to one constructed by expert opinion, in their brevity and predictive power. The methods include logistic regression and @entity2 , with standard and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) variable selection, as well as decision trees with and without boosting. These methods were applied to the baseline data of a subgroup of subjects in a @entity1 study, using their screening interview items to predict their clinical diagnosis of normal or non-normal (cognitively impaired or demented). The derived models were then validated on a different subgroup of subjects in the same study who had the screening and clinical diagnosis two to five years later. Performance of different models was compared based on their sensitivity and specificity in the validation sample. Generally, the six statistical methods performed slightly to moderately better than the expert-opinion model. @entity2 generally performed better than the logistic and decision tree models. LASSO improved the performance of logistic and neural network models, but it eliminated few input variables in the neural network. The single decision tree performed at least as well as the standard logistic model, and with fewer items, making it an attractive pre-screening tool. Using the boosting option for decision trees did not substantially improve the performance. We recommend that for each situation, different methods of classification should be attempted to obtain optimal results for a given purpose.

title: Selecting pre-screening items for early intervention trials of XXXX --a case study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In addition to mastectomy, level II and level III axillary node dissection procedures are performed widely in Japan. A randomized clinical trial was performed to determine which procedure was more effective. METHODS: One group of @entity1 had resection of the pectoralis minor muscle and dissection of level I, II and III axillary lymph nodes (level III dissection). In a second group, the pectoralis minor muscle was left intact and level III axillary lymph node dissection was not performed (level II dissection). A total of 1209 @entity1 with @entity0 were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to one of the two groups. RESULTS: The 10-year cumulative survival rate was 86.6 per cent after level II and 85.7 per cent after level III axillary dissection (hazard ratio (HR) 1.02; P = 0.931, log rank test). The 10-year disease-free survival rate was 73.3 and 77.8 per cent respectively (HR 0.94, P = 0.666). Overall survival and disease-free survival rates in the two groups were similar after both procedures. The duration of surgery was significantly shorter (P < 0.001) and @entity2 was significantly less (P = 0.001) after level II dissection. In a survey of @entity1 ' symptoms on follow-up, no significant differences were found between the two procedures. CONCLUSION: The addition of pectoralis minor muscle resection and level III axillary lymph node dissection to mastectomy for @entity0 did not improve overall or disease-free survival rates.

title: Randomized clinical trial comparing level II and level III axillary node dissection in addition to mastectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The anaerobic halorespiring microorganism, Sulfurospirillum multivorans, was observed in the pore structure of an etched @entity2 wafer to determine how flow hydrodynamics and mass transfer limitations along a transverse mixing zone affect biomass growth. @entity1 ( @entity3 , an electron acceptor, 0.2 mM) and @entity0 (an electron donor, 2 mM) were introduced as two separate and parallel streams that mixed along a reaction line in the pore structure. The first visible biomass occupied a single line of pores in the direction of flow, a few pore bodies from the micromodel centerline. This growth was initially present as small aggregates; over time, these grew and fused to form finger-like structures with one end attached to downgradient ends of the @entity2 posts and the other end extending into pore bodies in the direction of flow. Biomass did not grow in pore throats as expected, presumably because shear forces were not favorable. Over the next few weeks, the line of growth migrated upward into the PCE zone and extended over a width of up to five pore spaces. When the PCE concentration was increased to 0.5 mM, the microbial biomass increased and growth migrated down toward the @entity0 side of the micromodel. A new analytical model was developed and used to demonstrate that transverse hydrodynamic dispersion likely caused the biomass to move in the direction observed when the PCE concentration was changed. The model was unable, however, to explain why growth migrated upward when the PCE concentration was initially constant. We postulate that this occurred because PCE, not @entity0 , sorbed to biofilm components and that biomass on the @entity0 side of the micromodel was limited in PCE. A fluorescent tracer experiment showed that biomass growth changed the water flow paths, creating a higher velocity zone in the PCE half of the micromodel. These results contribute to our understanding of biofilm growth and will help in the development of new models to describe this complex process.

title: Pore-scale analysis of anaerobic halorespiring bacterial growth along the transverse mixing zone of an etched XXXX pore network.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this study was to image the surface structure of cultured @entity0 epidermal melanocytes using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Epidermis obtained from @entity0 foreskins was treated with 0.5% dispase. Cell suspensions of the epidermis were prepared and seeded in six-well plates, in which sheets of @entity1 had been placed. Samples for AFM were fixed on @entity1 and scanning AFM images were captured by contacting and tapping modes operated under normal atmospheric pressure and temperature. @entity0 epidermal melanocytes exhibited rounded, oval, triangular or quadrangular perikarya from which eight to 10 thick dendrites arose. These dendrites first bifurcated near the soma and then divided profusely into daughter branches, which spread out in all directions. We observed string-like long thin projections, growth cones and shorter thicker projections, which arose from the dendritic shafts, in which groups of melanosomes were arrayed. In addition to such structures, the most striking feature was the presence of filopodia arising from the melanocyte dendrite @entity2 and the melanocyte cell body, many of which contained melanosomes. The termini of dendrites formed unbranched terminal protrusions (approximately 1,500-2,000 nm wide) consisting of two to three melanosomes wrapped in an arc, with their filopodia extending outwards. The @entity2 of these structures also appeared to be squeezed and finally pinched off by the melanocyte to form a pouch filled with numerous melanosomes. We conclude that secondary and tertiary branches and subordinate branches might take part in transferring melanosomes into keratinocytes in addition to the transfer through the @entity2 of the dendritic shafts. The melanin granules were expelled by exocytosis.

title: Morphology of cultured XXXX epidermal melanocytes observed by atomic force microscopy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 with @entity2 are at risk of specific @entity1 . We aimed to compare and characterize the memory function of @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: @entity2 was identified by clinical data, @entity3 semiology, interictal and ictal electroencephalogram (EEG). Seventy @entity0 aged 6-18 years with @entity5 , @entity8 or @entity4 had neuropsychological assessment including memory function. After adjusting for @entity2 variables, neuropsychological results of the syndrome groups and normative data were compared. RESULTS: @entity0 from all three syndrome groups were at risk of memory difficulties. The duration of @entity2 correlated negatively with memory function. @entity0 with @entity4 had the worst memory function, significantly lower in verbal memory tasks than @entity0 with @entity5 (P = 0.02) and @entity0 with @entity8 (P = 0.01). The performance of @entity0 with @entity4 was significantly below the normed mean across all verbal and most visual tasks. Compared to the normed means, @entity0 with @entity8 had results that were statistically lower in some verbal and visual tasks, and @entity0 with @entity5 were lower in two visual tasks only. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates @entity6 in three common @entity2 . @entity0 with @entity4 had the greatest impairment, @entity0 with @entity8 had memory difficulties not previously reported, and @entity0 with @entity5 had @entity6 . Qualitative differences were also evident. Longer duration of intractable @entity2 was associated with reduced memory ability. Memory function and its potential impact on @entity7 achievement are vital considerations when managing @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Memory function in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity7 , 10-50 microM), a potent inhibitor of @entity2 -induced @entity0 @entity4 in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), does not inhibit aggregation in whole blood. However, the @entity7 analogs, @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) which are resistant to deamination ( @entity11 ) or deamination and phosphorylation ( @entity9 and @entity10 ), inhibit aggregation in whole blood with IC50 values of 12 microM, 2.3 microM and 0.26 microM, respectively. The inhibitory effect of @entity10 (200 nM) is potentiated by the platelet @entity1 phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor @entity12 (5 microM). Inhibition of the erythrocytic @entity5 transport system by dilazep (1 microM) or @entity6 (10 microM), or blockade of @entity7 metabolism by @entity8 (5 microM) plus @entity13 (10 microM), evokes the antiaggregatory action of @entity7 in whole blood (IC50 congruent to 2 microM). @entity12 (5 microM) potentiates @entity7 -mediated inhibition about 10-fold when @entity5 transport or @entity7 metabolism is blocked. @entity7 (10 microM or 200 nM) is rapidly metabolized within 1 min in whole blood. When @entity5 transport is inhibited by dilazep or @entity6 , or when @entity7 metabolism is blocked by @entity8 and @entity13 , 50-60% of the @entity7 remains in the plasma after 5 min. These results show that the failure of @entity7 to inhibit @entity4 in whole blood results from its rapid uptake and metabolism by erythrocytes. More importantly, these data emphasize the key role of @entity5 transport inhibition in the antiplatelet actions of @entity6 and dilazep. In addition, superior therapeutic results may be obtained from the combination of blockade of @entity5 transport system with inhibition of platelet @entity1 PDE.

title: Potentiation of the antiplatelet action of @entity3 in whole blood by @entity6 or dilazep and the XXXX phosphodiesterase inhibitor, @entity12 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity7 , 10-50 microM), a potent inhibitor of @entity2 -induced @entity0 @entity4 in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), does not inhibit aggregation in whole blood. However, the @entity7 analogs, @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) which are resistant to deamination ( @entity11 ) or deamination and phosphorylation ( @entity9 and @entity10 ), inhibit aggregation in whole blood with IC50 values of 12 microM, 2.3 microM and 0.26 microM, respectively. The inhibitory effect of @entity10 (200 nM) is potentiated by the platelet @entity1 phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor @entity12 (5 microM). Inhibition of the erythrocytic @entity5 transport system by dilazep (1 microM) or @entity6 (10 microM), or blockade of @entity7 metabolism by @entity8 (5 microM) plus @entity13 (10 microM), evokes the antiaggregatory action of @entity7 in whole blood (IC50 congruent to 2 microM). @entity12 (5 microM) potentiates @entity7 -mediated inhibition about 10-fold when @entity5 transport or @entity7 metabolism is blocked. @entity7 (10 microM or 200 nM) is rapidly metabolized within 1 min in whole blood. When @entity5 transport is inhibited by dilazep or @entity6 , or when @entity7 metabolism is blocked by @entity8 and @entity13 , 50-60% of the @entity7 remains in the plasma after 5 min. These results show that the failure of @entity7 to inhibit @entity4 in whole blood results from its rapid uptake and metabolism by erythrocytes. More importantly, these data emphasize the key role of @entity5 transport inhibition in the antiplatelet actions of @entity6 and dilazep. In addition, superior therapeutic results may be obtained from the combination of blockade of @entity5 transport system with inhibition of platelet @entity1 PDE.

title: Potentiation of the antiplatelet action of @entity3 in whole blood by XXXX or dilazep and the @entity1 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, @entity12 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity7 , 10-50 microM), a potent inhibitor of @entity2 -induced @entity0 @entity4 in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), does not inhibit aggregation in whole blood. However, the @entity7 analogs, @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) which are resistant to deamination ( @entity11 ) or deamination and phosphorylation ( @entity9 and @entity10 ), inhibit aggregation in whole blood with IC50 values of 12 microM, 2.3 microM and 0.26 microM, respectively. The inhibitory effect of @entity10 (200 nM) is potentiated by the platelet @entity1 phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor @entity12 (5 microM). Inhibition of the erythrocytic @entity5 transport system by dilazep (1 microM) or @entity6 (10 microM), or blockade of @entity7 metabolism by @entity8 (5 microM) plus @entity13 (10 microM), evokes the antiaggregatory action of @entity7 in whole blood (IC50 congruent to 2 microM). @entity12 (5 microM) potentiates @entity7 -mediated inhibition about 10-fold when @entity5 transport or @entity7 metabolism is blocked. @entity7 (10 microM or 200 nM) is rapidly metabolized within 1 min in whole blood. When @entity5 transport is inhibited by dilazep or @entity6 , or when @entity7 metabolism is blocked by @entity8 and @entity13 , 50-60% of the @entity7 remains in the plasma after 5 min. These results show that the failure of @entity7 to inhibit @entity4 in whole blood results from its rapid uptake and metabolism by erythrocytes. More importantly, these data emphasize the key role of @entity5 transport inhibition in the antiplatelet actions of @entity6 and dilazep. In addition, superior therapeutic results may be obtained from the combination of blockade of @entity5 transport system with inhibition of platelet @entity1 PDE.

title: Potentiation of the antiplatelet action of @entity3 in whole blood by @entity6 or dilazep and the @entity1 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, XXXX .

answer: @entity12


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity7 , 10-50 microM), a potent inhibitor of @entity2 -induced @entity0 @entity4 in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), does not inhibit aggregation in whole blood. However, the @entity7 analogs, @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) which are resistant to deamination ( @entity11 ) or deamination and phosphorylation ( @entity9 and @entity10 ), inhibit aggregation in whole blood with IC50 values of 12 microM, 2.3 microM and 0.26 microM, respectively. The inhibitory effect of @entity10 (200 nM) is potentiated by the platelet @entity1 phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor @entity12 (5 microM). Inhibition of the erythrocytic @entity5 transport system by dilazep (1 microM) or @entity6 (10 microM), or blockade of @entity7 metabolism by @entity8 (5 microM) plus @entity13 (10 microM), evokes the antiaggregatory action of @entity7 in whole blood (IC50 congruent to 2 microM). @entity12 (5 microM) potentiates @entity7 -mediated inhibition about 10-fold when @entity5 transport or @entity7 metabolism is blocked. @entity7 (10 microM or 200 nM) is rapidly metabolized within 1 min in whole blood. When @entity5 transport is inhibited by dilazep or @entity6 , or when @entity7 metabolism is blocked by @entity8 and @entity13 , 50-60% of the @entity7 remains in the plasma after 5 min. These results show that the failure of @entity7 to inhibit @entity4 in whole blood results from its rapid uptake and metabolism by erythrocytes. More importantly, these data emphasize the key role of @entity5 transport inhibition in the antiplatelet actions of @entity6 and dilazep. In addition, superior therapeutic results may be obtained from the combination of blockade of @entity5 transport system with inhibition of platelet @entity1 PDE.

title: Potentiation of the antiplatelet action of XXXX in whole blood by @entity6 or dilazep and the @entity1 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, @entity12 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In a 16-year study, 101 @entity4 (16 fatal) developed in 580 renal transplant recipients seen in the authors' institution. Lesions were seen at all levels of the GI tract, but @entity5 were the most common (42 @entity0 ) and were fatal in 8. @entity3 was the single most common morphologic diagnosis (14 @entity0 ). Seven of these @entity0 had an unusual syndrome that clinically, at surgery, and on gross examination resembled @entity1 . Lesions were segmental; involved bowel was thickened and erythematous with creeping peritoneal fat. Histologically, mucosa adjacent to the @entity2 showed simplification and striking epithelial atypia. Specific identifiable @entity6 caused 28% of the GI complications in this series. This incidence is higher than that in other reported series. Most of these infections can be diagnosed from endoscopically obtained material. These findings have therapeutic implications.

title: XXXX in renal transplant recipients.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Fusion between @entity4 and liposomes containing @entity1 (PE) and different mole fractions of @entity3 GD1a has been investigated. At different times after mixing the virus and liposomes, the mixture was diluted with a @entity0 solution and centrifuged in an airfuge to separate the free and virus-associated liposomes. Since the HN protein of the virus was sensitive to the reducing reagent, inclusion of @entity2 in the @entity0 solution dissociated the bound but not the fused liposomes. Thus, the kinetics of liposome-virus binding and fusion could be independently measured. The validity of the assay was confirmed by electron microscopic observation of the virus-liposome mixtures. With trypsin-treated @entity4 , in which the F glycoprotein of the virus had been selectively removed, only virus-liposome binding but not fusion was observed. The kinetic experiments were done under the condition of virus in large excess. Following a very fast initial binding phase, which was completed at the "zero time" of the measurement, the virus-liposome binding followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The subsequent fusion step was zero order. Judging from the discontinuity in the Arrhenius plots, both binding and fusion events were sensitive to the gel-liquid-crystalline phase transition of the target membrane. The binding rate constants had activation energies between 16 and 23 kcal/mol at temperatures above the transition. They were not sensitive to temperature change at temperatures below the transition. On the other hand, the fusion rate constants were not sensitive to temperature change above the transition, except for 6.3% GD1a liposomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Kinetic studies of XXXX -target membrane interactions: independent analysis of binding and fusion.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It has been previously shown that glucocorticoids alter umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms in singleton pregnancies complicated by umbilical artery absent end diastolic flow. Whether similar effects are evident in @entity1 where one fetus has umbilical artery absent end diastolic flow is not known. METHODS: @entity0 with a twin or triplet pregnancy complicated by umbilical artery absent end diastolic flow in one fetus were admitted to hospital for intensive fetal surveillance including daily umbilical artery flow velocity waveform studies, as per hospital protocol. All @entity0 received prophylactic @entity3 (11.4 mg x 2, 24 h apart) in anticipation of @entity2 . RESULTS: Between October 1996 and February 2002, 24 @entity0 with a multiple pregnancy complicated by umbilical artery absent end diastolic flow were cared for. Of these, six had a pregnancy with feto-fetal transfusion and excluded from further analysis. Of the remaining 18 @entity0 , eight had monochorionic diamniotic twins, eight had dichorionic twins, and two had trichorionic, triamniotic triplets. The median (range) gestation at diagnosis of umbilical artery absent end diastolic flow was 210.5 days (173-241). In nine (50%) of the 18 pregnancies the administration of @entity3 was associated with return of umbilical artery end diastolic flow for a median of 5 days. There was no association between this effect and chorionicity. The median (range) interval from diagnosis of umbilical artery absent end diastolic flow to delivery was 11 days (1-46). CONCLUSIONS: As previously reported in singleton pregnancies, the maternal administration of @entity3 in @entity1 with umbilical artery absent end diastolic flow is associated with a transient return of end diastolic flow.

title: @entity3 associated changes in umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms in XXXX with umbilical artery absent end diastolic flow.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It has been previously shown that glucocorticoids alter umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms in singleton pregnancies complicated by umbilical artery absent end diastolic flow. Whether similar effects are evident in @entity1 where one fetus has umbilical artery absent end diastolic flow is not known. METHODS: @entity0 with a twin or triplet pregnancy complicated by umbilical artery absent end diastolic flow in one fetus were admitted to hospital for intensive fetal surveillance including daily umbilical artery flow velocity waveform studies, as per hospital protocol. All @entity0 received prophylactic @entity3 (11.4 mg x 2, 24 h apart) in anticipation of @entity2 . RESULTS: Between October 1996 and February 2002, 24 @entity0 with a multiple pregnancy complicated by umbilical artery absent end diastolic flow were cared for. Of these, six had a pregnancy with feto-fetal transfusion and excluded from further analysis. Of the remaining 18 @entity0 , eight had monochorionic diamniotic twins, eight had dichorionic twins, and two had trichorionic, triamniotic triplets. The median (range) gestation at diagnosis of umbilical artery absent end diastolic flow was 210.5 days (173-241). In nine (50%) of the 18 pregnancies the administration of @entity3 was associated with return of umbilical artery end diastolic flow for a median of 5 days. There was no association between this effect and chorionicity. The median (range) interval from diagnosis of umbilical artery absent end diastolic flow to delivery was 11 days (1-46). CONCLUSIONS: As previously reported in singleton pregnancies, the maternal administration of @entity3 in @entity1 with umbilical artery absent end diastolic flow is associated with a transient return of end diastolic flow.

title: XXXX associated changes in umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms in @entity1 with umbilical artery absent end diastolic flow.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Sarcolemma-enriched preparations from muscles rich in slow oxidative red fibres contained specific binding sites for the alpha 1 antagonist, @entity4 (e.g. soleus Kd 0.13 nM, Bmax 29 fmol/mg protein). Binding sites for @entity4 were almost absent from white muscle. Displacement of @entity4 binding from sarcolemma of soleus muscle ( @entity6 greater than @entity3 greater than idazoxan greater than @entity5 ) suggested that the receptors were alpha 1. Binding sites for @entity8 (beta antagonist) were also more concentrated on red than white muscle and outnumbered @entity4 sites by approx. 10:1. Binding sites for @entity7 (alpha 2 antagonist) were undetectable. Contamination of sarcolemma-enriched preparations by endothelial tissue indicated by the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme did not correlate with @entity4 binding. It is concluded that post-synaptic alpha 1 adrenergic receptors are present on the sarcolemma of slow oxidative red fibres of @entity1 skeletal muscle. The presence provides the mechanistic basis for apparent alpha-adrenergic effects to increase @entity2 and @entity0 uptake in perfused @entity1 hindquarter.

title: Alpha-adrenergic receptors in XXXX skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Six different types of @entity4 papillomavirus ( @entity13 to @entity14 -6) have been identified and classified into two subgroups: subgroup A, which induce fibropapillomas, and subgroup B, which induce true @entity9 . @entity12 , a member of subgroup B, is the aetiological agent of @entity9 of the upper alimentary canal, which can become a focus for transformation to @entity8 in animals feeding on bracken fern. Strong circumstantial evidence suggests that the progression to @entity0 is due to the interplay between @entity12 and carcinogen(s) present in the fern. The @entity2 of the upper alimentary canal are often accompanied by @entity7 and @entity5 of the lower bowels, and by @entity2 and @entity10 of the urinary bladder. Bracken-grazing animals are also heavily immunosuppressed. Florid @entity9 of the @entity0 of the urinary bladder have been experimentally reproduced in animals either kept on a diet of bracken or immunosuppressed with @entity6 . Several @entity1 contained multiple episomal copies of @entity13 DNA, suggesting that this virus, or its genome, can be present in a latent form, and that it can be implicated in malignant transformation. Further indication of @entity3 is provided by the onset of skin warts in @entity9 -free animals. These warts developed at sites of damaged skin and harboured either @entity13 or @entity13 . @entity12 DNA has not been found in the naturally occurring @entity0 of the upper alimentary canal and of the lower bowels, except in one @entity11 and one @entity9 , indicating that the viral genome is not required for the maintenance of the malignant state in the alimentary canal.

title: Papillomavirus infection in XXXX : viral and chemical cofactors in naturally occurring and experimentally induced @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Six different types of @entity4 papillomavirus ( @entity13 to @entity14 -6) have been identified and classified into two subgroups: subgroup A, which induce fibropapillomas, and subgroup B, which induce true @entity9 . @entity12 , a member of subgroup B, is the aetiological agent of @entity9 of the upper alimentary canal, which can become a focus for transformation to @entity8 in animals feeding on bracken fern. Strong circumstantial evidence suggests that the progression to @entity0 is due to the interplay between @entity12 and carcinogen(s) present in the fern. The @entity2 of the upper alimentary canal are often accompanied by @entity7 and @entity5 of the lower bowels, and by @entity2 and @entity10 of the urinary bladder. Bracken-grazing animals are also heavily immunosuppressed. Florid @entity9 of the @entity0 of the urinary bladder have been experimentally reproduced in animals either kept on a diet of bracken or immunosuppressed with @entity6 . Several @entity1 contained multiple episomal copies of @entity13 DNA, suggesting that this virus, or its genome, can be present in a latent form, and that it can be implicated in malignant transformation. Further indication of @entity3 is provided by the onset of skin warts in @entity9 -free animals. These warts developed at sites of damaged skin and harboured either @entity13 or @entity13 . @entity12 DNA has not been found in the naturally occurring @entity0 of the upper alimentary canal and of the lower bowels, except in one @entity11 and one @entity9 , indicating that the viral genome is not required for the maintenance of the malignant state in the alimentary canal.

title: Papillomavirus infection in @entity4 : viral and chemical cofactors in naturally occurring and experimentally induced XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Differential hybridization and screening with cloned inserts was used to identify two families of @entity2 cDNA clones in libraries prepared from total liver poly(A)+RNA of individual @entity8 -treated @entity0 . One family has cDNA inserts for the major @entity1 -inducible P-450s, @entity4 and P-450e. Two types of P-450e inserts were identified. In addition, irregular inserts were characterized from two clones (PB23 and PB24) of this group. The other family has cDNA inserts for the major @entity5 -inducible species, @entity7 . No coding sequence restriction site variants were detected among 26 P-450d and @entity6 inserts analyzed. The restriction map of the irregular 2.2-kb PB23 insert has a @entity4 -like portion, followed by a 3' extension that hybridizes to RNAs of 2.7 and 4.8 kb, which are also detectable with a classical @entity4 probe. The PB23 insert and the 2.7- and 4.8-kb RNAs presumably represent 3' extensions of @entity4 mRNAs, polyadenylated at downstream sites. The 858-bp sequence of the PB24 insert encodes the @entity3 -terminal portion of a @entity4 protein. There is approximately 20% divergence at the polypeptide level between the PB24 and @entity4 sequences; nevertheless, they share many essential features. A PB24-specific probe hybridizes to a 1.9-kb RNA species which is present in the liver of untreated @entity0 and which is not appreciably induced by @entity1 or Aroclor. The PB24 cDNA most likely represents a constitutive @entity2 , related to @entity1 -inducible forms.

title: cDNA clones for liver XXXX s from individual aroclor-treated @entity0 : constitutive expression of a new P-450 gene related to @entity1 -inducible forms.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Differential hybridization and screening with cloned inserts was used to identify two families of @entity2 cDNA clones in libraries prepared from total liver poly(A)+RNA of individual @entity8 -treated @entity0 . One family has cDNA inserts for the major @entity1 -inducible P-450s, @entity4 and P-450e. Two types of P-450e inserts were identified. In addition, irregular inserts were characterized from two clones (PB23 and PB24) of this group. The other family has cDNA inserts for the major @entity5 -inducible species, @entity7 . No coding sequence restriction site variants were detected among 26 P-450d and @entity6 inserts analyzed. The restriction map of the irregular 2.2-kb PB23 insert has a @entity4 -like portion, followed by a 3' extension that hybridizes to RNAs of 2.7 and 4.8 kb, which are also detectable with a classical @entity4 probe. The PB23 insert and the 2.7- and 4.8-kb RNAs presumably represent 3' extensions of @entity4 mRNAs, polyadenylated at downstream sites. The 858-bp sequence of the PB24 insert encodes the @entity3 -terminal portion of a @entity4 protein. There is approximately 20% divergence at the polypeptide level between the PB24 and @entity4 sequences; nevertheless, they share many essential features. A PB24-specific probe hybridizes to a 1.9-kb RNA species which is present in the liver of untreated @entity0 and which is not appreciably induced by @entity1 or Aroclor. The PB24 cDNA most likely represents a constitutive @entity2 , related to @entity1 -inducible forms.

title: cDNA clones for liver @entity2 s from individual aroclor-treated @entity0 : constitutive expression of a new P-450 gene related to XXXX -inducible forms.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Differential hybridization and screening with cloned inserts was used to identify two families of @entity2 cDNA clones in libraries prepared from total liver poly(A)+RNA of individual @entity8 -treated @entity0 . One family has cDNA inserts for the major @entity1 -inducible P-450s, @entity4 and P-450e. Two types of P-450e inserts were identified. In addition, irregular inserts were characterized from two clones (PB23 and PB24) of this group. The other family has cDNA inserts for the major @entity5 -inducible species, @entity7 . No coding sequence restriction site variants were detected among 26 P-450d and @entity6 inserts analyzed. The restriction map of the irregular 2.2-kb PB23 insert has a @entity4 -like portion, followed by a 3' extension that hybridizes to RNAs of 2.7 and 4.8 kb, which are also detectable with a classical @entity4 probe. The PB23 insert and the 2.7- and 4.8-kb RNAs presumably represent 3' extensions of @entity4 mRNAs, polyadenylated at downstream sites. The 858-bp sequence of the PB24 insert encodes the @entity3 -terminal portion of a @entity4 protein. There is approximately 20% divergence at the polypeptide level between the PB24 and @entity4 sequences; nevertheless, they share many essential features. A PB24-specific probe hybridizes to a 1.9-kb RNA species which is present in the liver of untreated @entity0 and which is not appreciably induced by @entity1 or Aroclor. The PB24 cDNA most likely represents a constitutive @entity2 , related to @entity1 -inducible forms.

title: cDNA clones for liver @entity2 s from individual aroclor-treated XXXX : constitutive expression of a new P-450 gene related to @entity1 -inducible forms.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 appears with variable radiologic features. The usual findings include a single nodule, multiple nodules, or areas of consolidation in lung. An air bronchogram in an area of nodular or mass-like density is also a well-known feature. We here report six @entity0 whose disease illustrates interesting or unusual aspects of this @entity2 . The findings include: Minimal radiological signs despite @entity3 found on CT scan or at surgery (two @entity0 ). Thickening of the wall of a preexisting @entity1 : presumed bronchogenic cyst. Expansile lobar consolidation without an air bronchogram simulating @entity5 . An elongated lobulated area of mass-like density resembling @entity7 . @entity6 without an air bronchogram. Consideration of these varied features may aid in the radiological diagnosis of @entity4 .

title: Unusual radiologic presentations of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Experiments were designed to determine the effects of cooling on alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic responses in isolated @entity0 veins. Rings of saphenous and femoral veins were suspended for isometric tension recording in modified Krebs-Ringer @entity4 solution, gassed with 95% @entity7 and 5% @entity5 . Cooling (from 37-24 degrees C) augmented contractions to @entity2 in saphenous but caused @entity1 in femoral veins. Cooling (to 24 degrees C) had no effect on alpha-1 adrenergic responses evoked by @entity3 in saphenous veins but caused @entity1 in femoral veins. Alpha-2 adrenergic responses produced by UK 14,304 were augmented by cooling in the saphenous but were virtually abolished by cooling in femoral veins. Cooling decreased the dissociation constant (i.e., increased affinity) of @entity6 for alpha-1 adrenoceptors in saphenous and femoral veins (approximately 3-fold), and the dissociation constant of @entity6 for alpha-2 adrenoceptors in saphenous veins (approximately 7.5-fold). The influence of cooling on alpha adrenoceptor responsiveness was analyzed using computer-generated receptor-models. The results suggest that the differential sensitivity of cutaneous and deep blood vessels to cooling results from differences in efficiency of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptor response coupling. In the saphenous vein, there is a large alpha-1 adrenoceptor reserve which buffers the alpha-1 adrenergic response from the inhibitory influence of cooling. This coupled with a cooling-induced increase in alpha-2 adrenoceptor affinity ensures that cooling augments the response to @entity2 . In the femoral vein, there is no alpha-1 adrenoceptor reserve and cooling therefore depresses alpha-1 adrenergic responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of cooling on alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic responses in XXXX saphenous and femoral veins.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Initiated in 1987 in 9 pilot villages, Ghana's Integrated Family Planning, Nutrition and Parasite Control Project ( @entity3 ) has succeeded in overcoming traditional opposition to family planning and increasing @entity0 's self-confidence. In Ghana, traditional beliefs have placed obstacles to contraceptive acceptance. A 1988 survey indicated that only 12.9% of all currently married @entity0 were using any contraceptive method, and only 5.2% were using a modern method. At the same time, the country has experienced a high level of fertility. The average Ghanaian @entity0 will have 6.11 @entity0 by age 44. The annual population growth rate currently stands at 2.6% -- far above the government's goal of 2.0% by the year 2000. The @entity3 , implemented by the Planned Parenthood Association of Ghana with support from the Japanese Organization for International Cooperation in Family Planning, promotes family planning as part as a total effort to enhance maternal and @entity0 health. Discussion of family planning does not begin until the community's other concerns have been addressed. The program first focuses on parasite control. A dramatic sight, the process of deworming a @entity0 generally has a strong impact on the @entity0 's consciousness, alerting them to the need for better sanitation. The nutrition component of the program confronts problems such as @entity2 and @entity1 . By addressing parasite control and nutrition, @entity3 workers gain the confidence of the community, making it easier to raise the issue of family planning. In 1987, the 9 pilot villages where the @entity3 was begun registered a family planning acceptance rate of 17.4%. By 1990, rates ranged from 24.67%- 40.6%. @entity3 workers attribute much of the increase to the @entity0 's growing confidence in their own capabilities and resources.

title: Growing confidence. Villagers in Ghana's XXXX pilot areas learn the power of self-help.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 10-year-old @entity0 had gait and @entity3 17 days after the initial symptoms of a @entity6 , @entity1 and cough. Four days later he was admitted to a hospital with mild disturbances of gait, speech, writing, @entity7 . @entity2 ( @entity9 , III and VII), pyramidal sign and cerebellar sign were noticed. EEG showed generalized slow waves. Auditory brain stem response showed prolongation of the interval between I and V waves and poor differentiation between them. Brain CT could not find any abnormalities. Brain stem @entity5 was diagnosed. Clinical signs and symptoms continued for two weeks when @entity4 therapy was started and it was effective to improve the disease. He was discharged from the hospital without sequelae. @entity8 was detected from cells in CSF on admission by fluorescence antibody method. HSV antibody titers in sera changed from 1/8 to 1/64 during three months by complement fixation test. Specific IgG and IgA by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was high in CSF. Specific antibody in CSF/total antibody in CSF: specific antibody in serum/total antibody in serum for IgG and IgA classes were more than 1. Reports of mild type of HSV @entity10 seemed to be rare. Our case which was followed for several months carefully would be important to discuss.

title: [A mild form of XXXX due to herpes simplex virus].

answer: @entity10


abstract: Extracellular recordings were made from neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla in @entity5 - @entity4 -anesthetized @entity0 . Stimulation of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the hypothalamus evoked antidromic action potentials in 71 neurons. On the basis of antidromic spike latencies, these neurons could be divided into fast- (24 neurons) and slow-conducting cell groups (47 neurons). Slow-conducting cells showed irregular and slow spontaneous discharges, while a majority of the fast-conducting cells did not show spontaneous discharges. The spontaneous activity of slow-conducting cells was suppressed by i.v. @entity1 administration. The effects of @entity1 could be consistently reversed by administration of the alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist, @entity3 . The responses by @entity1 and @entity3 remained unimpaired in baroreceptor-denervated @entity0 . Vagus nerve stimulation produced an excitation in 80% of slow-conducting cells tested. Baroreceptor activation induced by i.v. administration of @entity2 inhibited about half of slow-conducting cells tested. Similar elevation of blood pressure in baroreceptor-denervated @entity0 did not show any effect. These physiological and pharmacological properties of slow-conducting cells were similar to those previously reported for catecholaminergic cells in other parts of the brain. The results show the existence of two different populations among neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla which project directly to the PVN, and suggest that the presumed A1 catecholaminergic cells are involved in the afferent pathway from cardiovascular baroreceptors and the vagus nerve to the PVN.

title: Electrophysiological properties of neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla projecting to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity3 induction and augmentation on neonatal @entity4 levels in newborns of @entity1 and @entity2 mothers. All @entity0 included in the study were admitted to the obstetrics department at Al Hussein Hospital. They were 18-38 years old, and their gestational ages were 38-41 weeks by date. A total number of 140 newborn @entity0 were divided into 3 groups and studied for @entity4 levels. The first group consisted of 40 @entity0 of @entity1 mothers, 20 of whom were given @entity3 for labor induction and 20 of whom received it for labor augmentation. The second group consisted of 40 @entity0 of @entity2 mothers, 20 of whom were given @entity3 for labor induction and 20 of whom received it for labor augmentation. The third group consisted of 60 controls, 20 of whom were given @entity3 for labor induction, 20 of whom received it for labor augmentation, and 20 of whom received no @entity3 . It was found that total and unconjugated @entity4 levels were higher in @entity0 delivered after induction of labor, whether their mothers were @entity1 , @entity2 , or neither, than in @entity0 delivered without labor induction. @entity4 levels were mildly high in @entity0 of @entity1 mothers after augmented delivery and then nullified after 24 hours. However, the study suggested that the increased @entity4 levels were related to induced labor rather than the medical problem of the mothers, provided that the newborns were of average weight.

title: Serum XXXX levels in newborns of @entity1 and @entity2 mothers.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity3 induction and augmentation on neonatal @entity4 levels in newborns of @entity1 and @entity2 mothers. All @entity0 included in the study were admitted to the obstetrics department at Al Hussein Hospital. They were 18-38 years old, and their gestational ages were 38-41 weeks by date. A total number of 140 newborn @entity0 were divided into 3 groups and studied for @entity4 levels. The first group consisted of 40 @entity0 of @entity1 mothers, 20 of whom were given @entity3 for labor induction and 20 of whom received it for labor augmentation. The second group consisted of 40 @entity0 of @entity2 mothers, 20 of whom were given @entity3 for labor induction and 20 of whom received it for labor augmentation. The third group consisted of 60 controls, 20 of whom were given @entity3 for labor induction, 20 of whom received it for labor augmentation, and 20 of whom received no @entity3 . It was found that total and unconjugated @entity4 levels were higher in @entity0 delivered after induction of labor, whether their mothers were @entity1 , @entity2 , or neither, than in @entity0 delivered without labor induction. @entity4 levels were mildly high in @entity0 of @entity1 mothers after augmented delivery and then nullified after 24 hours. However, the study suggested that the increased @entity4 levels were related to induced labor rather than the medical problem of the mothers, provided that the newborns were of average weight.

title: Serum @entity4 levels in newborns of @entity1 and XXXX mothers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity3 induction and augmentation on neonatal @entity4 levels in newborns of @entity1 and @entity2 mothers. All @entity0 included in the study were admitted to the obstetrics department at Al Hussein Hospital. They were 18-38 years old, and their gestational ages were 38-41 weeks by date. A total number of 140 newborn @entity0 were divided into 3 groups and studied for @entity4 levels. The first group consisted of 40 @entity0 of @entity1 mothers, 20 of whom were given @entity3 for labor induction and 20 of whom received it for labor augmentation. The second group consisted of 40 @entity0 of @entity2 mothers, 20 of whom were given @entity3 for labor induction and 20 of whom received it for labor augmentation. The third group consisted of 60 controls, 20 of whom were given @entity3 for labor induction, 20 of whom received it for labor augmentation, and 20 of whom received no @entity3 . It was found that total and unconjugated @entity4 levels were higher in @entity0 delivered after induction of labor, whether their mothers were @entity1 , @entity2 , or neither, than in @entity0 delivered without labor induction. @entity4 levels were mildly high in @entity0 of @entity1 mothers after augmented delivery and then nullified after 24 hours. However, the study suggested that the increased @entity4 levels were related to induced labor rather than the medical problem of the mothers, provided that the newborns were of average weight.

title: Serum @entity4 levels in newborns of XXXX and @entity2 mothers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Recent studies have shown that hepatic mRNAS14 responds rapidly to thyroid hormone administration. Moreover, this mRNA is known to increase in mass with the administration of a high @entity4 fat-free diet. Therefore, it appears to share many of the same properties of the known hepatic lipogenic enzymes. Because the lipogenic enzymes display a synergistic interaction between thyroid hormones and @entity6 , we investigated the kinetics of response of mRNAS14 to @entity4 feeding, as well as its interaction with @entity5 (T3). We found that mRNAS14 responds rapidly to the dietary administration of @entity2 in euthyroid @entity0 , with a 2-fold increase within 30 min, and a 25-fold increase by 4 h. On the other hand, when given to @entity3 @entity0 , @entity2 ultimately lead to only a 2-3-fold increase in the level of mRNAS14, attaining a level less than that found in starved euthyroid @entity0 . The diminished response of mRNAS14 to @entity2 in @entity3 could not be enhanced by insulin administration. However, administration of replacement doses of T3 (400 ng/100 g of body weight) immediately restored the rapid response to @entity2 feeding. The response of @entity2 and T3 was synergistic. Dose-response studies with T3 indicated that the rapid interaction between T3 and @entity2 was limited by the occupancy of the T3 nuclear receptor. A similar synergistic response to T3 and @entity1 was noted in primary hepatocyte cultures, thus indicating that the synergism between these two stimuli is not due to changes in extrahepatic hormones or metabolites. Our data are most consistent with the hypothesis that the T3-nuclear receptor complex multiplies a signal generated by @entity4 metabolism to induce hepatic mRNAS14. The interaction does not appear to require the preliminary induction of @entity4 -metabolizing enzymes and their mRNAs.

title: Rapid synergistic interaction between thyroid hormone and XXXX on mRNAS14 induction.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Fertility records (n = 1,802) were collected from 615 Charolais primiparous and multiparous @entity0 managed in an experimental herd over an 11-year period. The objectives of the study were to describe the genetic variability of the re-establishment of postpartum reproductive activity and the relationship with body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) at calving and age at puberty. The length of postpartum anoestrus was estimated based on weekly blood @entity2 assays and on twice daily detection of oestrus behaviour. The first oestrus behaviour was observed 69 days (+/-25 days s.d.) post-calving and the first positive @entity2 measurement (>or=1ng x ml(-1)) was observed at 66 days (+/-22 days s.d.) for the group of easy-calving multiparous suckling @entity0 . Estimates of heritability and repeatability were h2 = 0.12 and r = 0.38 respectively, for the interval from calving to first oestrus (ICO). Corresponding values were h2 = 0.35 and r = 0.60 for the interval from calving to the first positive @entity2 test ( @entity1 ). The genetic correlation between both criteria was high (rg = 0.98). The genetic relationships between postpartum intervals and BW and BCS of the female at calving were negative: the genetic aptitude to be heavier at calving and to have high body reserves was related to shorter postpartum intervals. A favourable genetic correlation between age at puberty and postpartum intervals was found (rg between 0.45 and 0.70). The heifers which were genetically younger at puberty also had shorter postpartum intervals.

title: Genetic variability of the length of postpartum anoestrus in Charolais XXXX and its relationship with age at puberty.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) generated from @entity3 is reported to act as an endogenous @entity5 ( @entity5 ) inhibitor and angiotensin type 1 ( @entity4 )-receptor antagonist in vitro and in vivo. Ang-(1-7) has been suggested to play an important role in @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Therefore, we tested whether Ang-(1-7) differentially modulates vascular resistance and neurotransmission in isolated kidneys of spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 stroke prone (SHR-SP) and @entity0 -Kyoto @entity0 (WKY). Ang-(1-7) was administered in three concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10 micromol/l) to prevent Ang I- and Ang II-induced pressor responses and facilitation of @entity2 release. There were indeed concentration-dependent strain differences. Ang-(1-7) prevented Ang I- and Ang II-mediated changes in vascular resistance more potently in SHR-SP than in WKY by inhibiting @entity5 and by blocking @entity4 -receptors. Ang-(1-7) by itself had no influence on renal vascular tone in both strains. Ang-(1-7) inhibited Ang I-mediated facilitation of @entity2 release more potently than Ang II-mediated facilitation of @entity2 release. Ang-(1-7) by itself enhanced @entity2 release from SHR-SP, but not from WKY kidneys. CONCLUSION: Ang-(1-7) had a greater impact on Ang I and Ang II modulation of renal vascular resistance in SHR-SP than in normotensive @entity0 . Furthermore, Ang-(1-7) by itself has facilitatory presynaptic effects on @entity2 release but no postsynaptic effects on renal vascular resistance in SHR-SP. Since plasma levels of Ang-(1-7) accumulate during @entity5 -inhibitor or @entity4 -receptor antagonist therapy, Ang-(1-7) could contribute to antihypertensive effects of these agents.

title: Angiotensin-(1-7) modulates vascular resistance and sympathetic neurotransmission in kidneys of spontaneously XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) generated from @entity3 is reported to act as an endogenous @entity5 ( @entity5 ) inhibitor and angiotensin type 1 ( @entity4 )-receptor antagonist in vitro and in vivo. Ang-(1-7) has been suggested to play an important role in @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Therefore, we tested whether Ang-(1-7) differentially modulates vascular resistance and neurotransmission in isolated kidneys of spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 stroke prone (SHR-SP) and @entity0 -Kyoto @entity0 (WKY). Ang-(1-7) was administered in three concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10 micromol/l) to prevent Ang I- and Ang II-induced pressor responses and facilitation of @entity2 release. There were indeed concentration-dependent strain differences. Ang-(1-7) prevented Ang I- and Ang II-mediated changes in vascular resistance more potently in SHR-SP than in WKY by inhibiting @entity5 and by blocking @entity4 -receptors. Ang-(1-7) by itself had no influence on renal vascular tone in both strains. Ang-(1-7) inhibited Ang I-mediated facilitation of @entity2 release more potently than Ang II-mediated facilitation of @entity2 release. Ang-(1-7) by itself enhanced @entity2 release from SHR-SP, but not from WKY kidneys. CONCLUSION: Ang-(1-7) had a greater impact on Ang I and Ang II modulation of renal vascular resistance in SHR-SP than in normotensive @entity0 . Furthermore, Ang-(1-7) by itself has facilitatory presynaptic effects on @entity2 release but no postsynaptic effects on renal vascular resistance in SHR-SP. Since plasma levels of Ang-(1-7) accumulate during @entity5 -inhibitor or @entity4 -receptor antagonist therapy, Ang-(1-7) could contribute to antihypertensive effects of these agents.

title: Angiotensin-(1-7) modulates vascular resistance and sympathetic neurotransmission in kidneys of spontaneously @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 is rare. The case of a 61-year-old female is reported here. The @entity2 was clinically, radiologically and macroscopically demarcated. Diagnosis was based on histological and immunohistochemical studies. At the time of diagnosis the @entity2 consisted of myoepithelial cells with few cellular atypias and a low mitotic activity. @entity2 cells expressed @entity3 , actin, @entity4 protein and cytokeratin. No local or distant metastases were found. The @entity1 had been treated initially with a large excision of @entity2 . Local recurrences detected one year after initial surgery and showed a similar morphology and immunoreactivity with higher mitotic activity. Mastectomy with axillary dissection was performed. Neither recurrences nor distant metastases detected two years later. @entity5 which are generally considered as benign or low-grade lesions can give rise to a wide range of clinical evolution.

title: [ XXXX . Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. A case report].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted images with histologic findings in assessing the depth of @entity1 by @entity3 in @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the MRIs of 11 @entity0 who had a total of 12 lesions of @entity3 within @entity4 . T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted images were compared with the histologic findings separately. We assessed the extent of @entity1 by @entity3 . The depth of @entity1 seen on MRI was classified as stage S (superficial invasion), stage D (deep invasion), or undetectable. The @entity2 accuracies of each sequence were assessed. The @entity2 -myometrium contrast-to-noise ratios were calculated for each sequence. RESULTS: The histologic specimens revealed that @entity1 was deep in seven of 12 lesions and superficial in five. On T2-weighted images the depth of invasion was underestimated in two lesions and impossible to determine in five lesions. On dynamic T1-weighted images the depth of invasion was overestimated in one lesion and underestimated in one lesion. The @entity2 accuracy on dynamic T1-weighted images (83%) was significantly higher than that on T2-weighted images (42%). The contrast-to-noise ratio was significantly higher on dynamic T1-weighted studies during the early phase (mean +/- SD, 2.68 +/- 0.94) than it was on T2-weighted studies (1.74 +/- 1.05) and during the delayed phase (2.01 +/- 0.86). CONCLUSION: When @entity4 coexists with @entity3 at the same site on T2-weighted images, contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted imaging improves the accuracy of @entity2 .

title: @entity3 in XXXX : assessment of @entity1 on T2-weighted spin-echo and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted images with histologic findings in assessing the depth of @entity1 by @entity3 in @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the MRIs of 11 @entity0 who had a total of 12 lesions of @entity3 within @entity4 . T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted images were compared with the histologic findings separately. We assessed the extent of @entity1 by @entity3 . The depth of @entity1 seen on MRI was classified as stage S (superficial invasion), stage D (deep invasion), or undetectable. The @entity2 accuracies of each sequence were assessed. The @entity2 -myometrium contrast-to-noise ratios were calculated for each sequence. RESULTS: The histologic specimens revealed that @entity1 was deep in seven of 12 lesions and superficial in five. On T2-weighted images the depth of invasion was underestimated in two lesions and impossible to determine in five lesions. On dynamic T1-weighted images the depth of invasion was overestimated in one lesion and underestimated in one lesion. The @entity2 accuracy on dynamic T1-weighted images (83%) was significantly higher than that on T2-weighted images (42%). The contrast-to-noise ratio was significantly higher on dynamic T1-weighted studies during the early phase (mean +/- SD, 2.68 +/- 0.94) than it was on T2-weighted studies (1.74 +/- 1.05) and during the delayed phase (2.01 +/- 0.86). CONCLUSION: When @entity4 coexists with @entity3 at the same site on T2-weighted images, contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted imaging improves the accuracy of @entity2 .

title: @entity3 in @entity4 : assessment of XXXX on T2-weighted spin-echo and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted images with histologic findings in assessing the depth of @entity1 by @entity3 in @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the MRIs of 11 @entity0 who had a total of 12 lesions of @entity3 within @entity4 . T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted images were compared with the histologic findings separately. We assessed the extent of @entity1 by @entity3 . The depth of @entity1 seen on MRI was classified as stage S (superficial invasion), stage D (deep invasion), or undetectable. The @entity2 accuracies of each sequence were assessed. The @entity2 -myometrium contrast-to-noise ratios were calculated for each sequence. RESULTS: The histologic specimens revealed that @entity1 was deep in seven of 12 lesions and superficial in five. On T2-weighted images the depth of invasion was underestimated in two lesions and impossible to determine in five lesions. On dynamic T1-weighted images the depth of invasion was overestimated in one lesion and underestimated in one lesion. The @entity2 accuracy on dynamic T1-weighted images (83%) was significantly higher than that on T2-weighted images (42%). The contrast-to-noise ratio was significantly higher on dynamic T1-weighted studies during the early phase (mean +/- SD, 2.68 +/- 0.94) than it was on T2-weighted studies (1.74 +/- 1.05) and during the delayed phase (2.01 +/- 0.86). CONCLUSION: When @entity4 coexists with @entity3 at the same site on T2-weighted images, contrast-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted imaging improves the accuracy of @entity2 .

title: XXXX in @entity4 : assessment of @entity1 on T2-weighted spin-echo and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We report data on 110 @entity0 aged <15 years diagnosed with @entity2 during two periods covering 13.25 years. The data sets were consistent. The reported incidence of @entity2 was low. Only 34 (31%) of the @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) compared with 54 (49%) @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The overall mean (SD) age was 6.6 (3.5) years, 6.1 (3.5) for @entity1 and 6.9 (3.5) for @entity4 . There was no evidence of an early childhood peak of @entity1 . The male : female ratio was 1.2 : 1 for all @entity2 , 1.3 for @entity1 and 1.25 for @entity4 . Only eight (22%) of those diagnosed with @entity1 were classified as type L1. Our figures reflect a relative absence of the common (cALL) cell type in early childhood @entity2 and support the role of infection and its effect on the immune system in the aetiology of childhood @entity2 . Our data also revealed an unusually high proportion of @entity3 ( @entity3 ).

title: XXXX in @entity0 in Papua New Guinea: an unusual pattern.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We report data on 110 @entity0 aged <15 years diagnosed with @entity2 during two periods covering 13.25 years. The data sets were consistent. The reported incidence of @entity2 was low. Only 34 (31%) of the @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) compared with 54 (49%) @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The overall mean (SD) age was 6.6 (3.5) years, 6.1 (3.5) for @entity1 and 6.9 (3.5) for @entity4 . There was no evidence of an early childhood peak of @entity1 . The male : female ratio was 1.2 : 1 for all @entity2 , 1.3 for @entity1 and 1.25 for @entity4 . Only eight (22%) of those diagnosed with @entity1 were classified as type L1. Our figures reflect a relative absence of the common (cALL) cell type in early childhood @entity2 and support the role of infection and its effect on the immune system in the aetiology of childhood @entity2 . Our data also revealed an unusually high proportion of @entity3 ( @entity3 ).

title: @entity2 in XXXX in Papua New Guinea: an unusual pattern.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Forty-three @entity0 with advanced @entity8 were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen comprising @entity12 100 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity7 10 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 and @entity5 500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, every 4 weeks. The median age was 61, and the median initial @entity13 . Fourteen @entity0 had received prior therapy. The response rates in previously untreated @entity0 were 25% (5/20) for @entity4 , 0% (0/4) for @entity6 , 0% (0/3) for @entity2 , and 18.5% (5/27) for all @entity0 . There were no responders among the pretreated @entity0 . The median survival time was 7 months for previously untreated @entity0 , 4 months for pretreated @entity0 and 6 months for all @entity0 . @entity0 with @entity4 survived significantly longer (8 months) than those with @entity6 (4 months) and @entity2 (3 months). @entity1 consisted of @entity10 (74%), @entity3 (74%), @entity9 (55%) and @entity11 (94%).

title: [Combination chemotherapy with @entity12 , XXXX , and @entity5 in advanced @entity8 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Forty-three @entity0 with advanced @entity8 were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen comprising @entity12 100 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity7 10 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 and @entity5 500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, every 4 weeks. The median age was 61, and the median initial @entity13 . Fourteen @entity0 had received prior therapy. The response rates in previously untreated @entity0 were 25% (5/20) for @entity4 , 0% (0/4) for @entity6 , 0% (0/3) for @entity2 , and 18.5% (5/27) for all @entity0 . There were no responders among the pretreated @entity0 . The median survival time was 7 months for previously untreated @entity0 , 4 months for pretreated @entity0 and 6 months for all @entity0 . @entity0 with @entity4 survived significantly longer (8 months) than those with @entity6 (4 months) and @entity2 (3 months). @entity1 consisted of @entity10 (74%), @entity3 (74%), @entity9 (55%) and @entity11 (94%).

title: [Combination chemotherapy with @entity12 , @entity7 , and XXXX in advanced @entity8 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Forty-three @entity0 with advanced @entity8 were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen comprising @entity12 100 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity7 10 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 and @entity5 500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, every 4 weeks. The median age was 61, and the median initial @entity13 . Fourteen @entity0 had received prior therapy. The response rates in previously untreated @entity0 were 25% (5/20) for @entity4 , 0% (0/4) for @entity6 , 0% (0/3) for @entity2 , and 18.5% (5/27) for all @entity0 . There were no responders among the pretreated @entity0 . The median survival time was 7 months for previously untreated @entity0 , 4 months for pretreated @entity0 and 6 months for all @entity0 . @entity0 with @entity4 survived significantly longer (8 months) than those with @entity6 (4 months) and @entity2 (3 months). @entity1 consisted of @entity10 (74%), @entity3 (74%), @entity9 (55%) and @entity11 (94%).

title: [Combination chemotherapy with XXXX , @entity7 , and @entity5 in advanced @entity8 ].

answer: @entity12


abstract: Forty-three @entity0 with advanced @entity8 were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen comprising @entity12 100 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity7 10 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 and @entity5 500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, every 4 weeks. The median age was 61, and the median initial @entity13 . Fourteen @entity0 had received prior therapy. The response rates in previously untreated @entity0 were 25% (5/20) for @entity4 , 0% (0/4) for @entity6 , 0% (0/3) for @entity2 , and 18.5% (5/27) for all @entity0 . There were no responders among the pretreated @entity0 . The median survival time was 7 months for previously untreated @entity0 , 4 months for pretreated @entity0 and 6 months for all @entity0 . @entity0 with @entity4 survived significantly longer (8 months) than those with @entity6 (4 months) and @entity2 (3 months). @entity1 consisted of @entity10 (74%), @entity3 (74%), @entity9 (55%) and @entity11 (94%).

title: [Combination chemotherapy with @entity12 , @entity7 , and @entity5 in advanced XXXX ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: A number of large studies have reported that environmental pollutants from fossil fuel combustion can cause deleterious effects to the immune system, resulting in an @entity3 leading to respiratory tract damage. In this study, we investigated the effect of motorcycle exhaust particles ( @entity12 ), a major pollutant in the Taiwan urban area, on airway @entity1 and @entity8 in laboratory animals. BALB/c @entity0 were instilled intratracheally (i.t.) with 1.2 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg of @entity12 , which was collected from two- @entity7 motorcycle engines. The @entity0 were exposed 3 times i.t. with @entity12 , and various parameters for airway @entity1 and hyperresponsiveness were sequentially analyzed. We found that @entity12 would induce airway and @entity2 characterized by infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung. In addition, @entity12 treatment enhanced BALF @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity5 , and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) cytokine levels and serum IgE production. Bronchial response measured by unrestrained plethysmography with @entity9 challenge showed that @entity12 treatment induced @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in BALB/c @entity0 . The chemical components in @entity12 were further fractionated with organic solvents, and we found that the @entity10 -extracted fraction exerts a similar biological effect as seen with @entity12 , including airway @entity1 , increased BALF @entity4 , serum IgE production, and induction of @entity8 . In conclusion, we present evidence showing that the filter-trapped particles emitted from the unleaded- @entity11 -fueled two- @entity7 motorcycle engine may induce proinflammatory and proallergic response profiles in the absence of exposure to allergen.

title: Motorcycle exhaust particles induce airway @entity1 and XXXX in BALB/C @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: A number of large studies have reported that environmental pollutants from fossil fuel combustion can cause deleterious effects to the immune system, resulting in an @entity3 leading to respiratory tract damage. In this study, we investigated the effect of motorcycle exhaust particles ( @entity12 ), a major pollutant in the Taiwan urban area, on airway @entity1 and @entity8 in laboratory animals. BALB/c @entity0 were instilled intratracheally (i.t.) with 1.2 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg of @entity12 , which was collected from two- @entity7 motorcycle engines. The @entity0 were exposed 3 times i.t. with @entity12 , and various parameters for airway @entity1 and hyperresponsiveness were sequentially analyzed. We found that @entity12 would induce airway and @entity2 characterized by infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung. In addition, @entity12 treatment enhanced BALF @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity5 , and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) cytokine levels and serum IgE production. Bronchial response measured by unrestrained plethysmography with @entity9 challenge showed that @entity12 treatment induced @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in BALB/c @entity0 . The chemical components in @entity12 were further fractionated with organic solvents, and we found that the @entity10 -extracted fraction exerts a similar biological effect as seen with @entity12 , including airway @entity1 , increased BALF @entity4 , serum IgE production, and induction of @entity8 . In conclusion, we present evidence showing that the filter-trapped particles emitted from the unleaded- @entity11 -fueled two- @entity7 motorcycle engine may induce proinflammatory and proallergic response profiles in the absence of exposure to allergen.

title: Motorcycle exhaust particles induce airway XXXX and @entity8 in BALB/C @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A number of large studies have reported that environmental pollutants from fossil fuel combustion can cause deleterious effects to the immune system, resulting in an @entity3 leading to respiratory tract damage. In this study, we investigated the effect of motorcycle exhaust particles ( @entity12 ), a major pollutant in the Taiwan urban area, on airway @entity1 and @entity8 in laboratory animals. BALB/c @entity0 were instilled intratracheally (i.t.) with 1.2 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg of @entity12 , which was collected from two- @entity7 motorcycle engines. The @entity0 were exposed 3 times i.t. with @entity12 , and various parameters for airway @entity1 and hyperresponsiveness were sequentially analyzed. We found that @entity12 would induce airway and @entity2 characterized by infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung. In addition, @entity12 treatment enhanced BALF @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity5 , and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) cytokine levels and serum IgE production. Bronchial response measured by unrestrained plethysmography with @entity9 challenge showed that @entity12 treatment induced @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in BALB/c @entity0 . The chemical components in @entity12 were further fractionated with organic solvents, and we found that the @entity10 -extracted fraction exerts a similar biological effect as seen with @entity12 , including airway @entity1 , increased BALF @entity4 , serum IgE production, and induction of @entity8 . In conclusion, we present evidence showing that the filter-trapped particles emitted from the unleaded- @entity11 -fueled two- @entity7 motorcycle engine may induce proinflammatory and proallergic response profiles in the absence of exposure to allergen.

title: Motorcycle exhaust particles induce airway @entity1 and @entity8 in BALB/C XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The natriuretic peptide (NP) family includes atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Natriuretic peptides are known to inhibit vascular cell growth and regulate vessel tone. There is also much evidence to suggest they modulate vascular permeability and angiogenesis, as well as regulating aqueous humor production in the eye. All these data indicate that the natriuretic peptide system might be involved in the development of @entity1 and @entity2 . Given the expression pattern of natriuretic peptides (NPs) and their receptors, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the @entity0 retina has not yet been established, the present study was designed to determine ANP, @entity4 and @entity8 gene expression and localize the mature peptides in this tissue. The expression pattern of the genes encoding the different NP receptor subtypes was also examined. METHODS: Eyes (n=10) from @entity0 donors with no history of @entity3 were fixed and processed for routine paraffin embedding. The cellular location of the NPs was established by immunohistochemistry. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of NP and NP receptor genes in neural retinas obtained from the contralateral eyes. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of NPs in the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Positive NP immunostaining was observed within the astrocytes and in their processes enveloping vessels. In the anterior portion of the optic nerve, NPs were intensely labeled in neural bundles. We were able to detect NP gene expression in the @entity0 retina. The levels of NP receptor-encoding transcripts detected indicated no significant differential expression of genes coding for the different receptor subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding that NP receptor transcripts are expressed along with ANP, @entity4 , and @entity8 mRNA in the @entity0 retina provides evidence for a local system in this tissue. The expression of NPs in neural retinal, glial, and vascular elements of the normal adult retina suggests a role for these peptides in maintaining both the neural and vascular integrity of the mature retina.

title: Natriuretic peptide system in the XXXX retina.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In view of the findings of Moon, Simpson, and Evans (Science, 116:331,1952) that the hypophysectomized @entity1 was refractory to the carcinogenic effect of @entity5 , similar experiments have been conducted but using the more powerful carcinogen @entity2 . The results of 2 separate experiments were as follows: All animals received 5 mg in @entity4 oil of the carcinogen intramuscularly. In the control animals, 15 showed discrete @entity3 out of 21 animals in 4-5 months. In the hypophysectomized animals only 3 showed comparable @entity3 , but in 7 there was marked abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts suggestive of malignant change. 9 animals were negative, although serial sections were not made. In addition to these findings it was noted that in control animals 6 @entity0 developed in tissue adjacent to the injection site. 4 of these were of a malignant nature. In the hypophysectomized group no mammary changes were observed. Although these findings are somewhat in accord with the original observations it is believed that the change is quantitative rather than qualitative. Unfortunately, the hypophysectomized animals survived only 3-4 months, and the findings are suggestive that the malignant process occurs but more slowly in the absence of the normal pituitary function. The changes in mammary tissue would seem more clearcut, but are being repeated on a larger series of animals.

title: The effect of hypophysectomy on XXXX -induced carcinogenesis [abstract].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although @entity5 are a major public health problem at the international level, the relationship between contraception and @entity8 is seldom examined. Numerous @entity5 are more difficult to diagnose, more frequent, and more serious in @entity0 than in @entity0 . Differential diagnosis between @entity8 has been a concern for practitioners for years, and many @entity8 are probably never diagnosed. Lower @entity3 and sensitivity as well as @entity1 , leucocytosis, accelerated sedimentation rate, inflammatory annexial mass evident on sonography, and microorganisms in the pouch of Douglass and presence of leucocytes in the peritoneal fluid are diagnostic criteria. Apart from errors in treatment resulting from errors in diagnosis, @entity8 are often inadequately treated, especially in the initial phase before symptoms are confirmed. The exact incidence of @entity8 in the US is unknown, but @entity7 ( @entity7 ) accounted for over 200,000 hospitalizations per year between 1970-75. @entity7 carries grave risks of subsequent ectopic pregnancy, chronic @entity4 , and @entity2 which is more likely as the number of acute episodes increases. The female genital tract has diverse microenvironments propitious for growth of microorganisms of different types, aerobic and anaerobic. Each anatomic site has specific features conditioning bacterial growth. Histological modifications during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy affect the microbial flora. Except in the case of @entity6 , it is not known how many @entity9 spread to the upper tract. Since 1970, several studies have domonstrated a growing diversity of cervical and vaginal flora in asymptomatic subjects. The principal risk factors for @entity7 have been well described in the literature. All contraceptive methods except the IUD provide some degree of protection against @entity7 . Even among IUD users the risk of @entity7 is probably not greater than among @entity0 with a comparable risk of exposure to @entity5 . The protective effect of condoms has been recognized since the era of Casanova, but it is difficult to quantify. Studies describing the protective effects of spermicides used one against @entity8 are very rare, and protective effects have usually been demonstrated only in vitro. Surfactants such as @entity10 probably have viricidal properties against herpes simplex. Condoms and diaphragms have been seen to exercise a protective effect independent of spermicide, with relative risks of .6 and .4 compared to nonouse of contraception. There is as yet no consensus on changes in risk of @entity7 during oral contraceptive (OC) use, but several studies have shown OCs to have a protective effect. Risks of @entity7 in IUD users apparently stem from contamination during insertion or of the thread during prolonged use, but both possibilities remain controversial. The use of @entity0 not using contraception as controls in studies of relative risks of PId may not be appropriate because their sexual behavior and risks of exposure to @entity5 may differ. At the moment of ovulation, when the mucus is most receptive, IUDs do not place any barrier in the way of ascension of sperm and bacteria to the upper genital tract.

title: [Contraception and XXXX in @entity0 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: Although @entity5 are a major public health problem at the international level, the relationship between contraception and @entity8 is seldom examined. Numerous @entity5 are more difficult to diagnose, more frequent, and more serious in @entity0 than in @entity0 . Differential diagnosis between @entity8 has been a concern for practitioners for years, and many @entity8 are probably never diagnosed. Lower @entity3 and sensitivity as well as @entity1 , leucocytosis, accelerated sedimentation rate, inflammatory annexial mass evident on sonography, and microorganisms in the pouch of Douglass and presence of leucocytes in the peritoneal fluid are diagnostic criteria. Apart from errors in treatment resulting from errors in diagnosis, @entity8 are often inadequately treated, especially in the initial phase before symptoms are confirmed. The exact incidence of @entity8 in the US is unknown, but @entity7 ( @entity7 ) accounted for over 200,000 hospitalizations per year between 1970-75. @entity7 carries grave risks of subsequent ectopic pregnancy, chronic @entity4 , and @entity2 which is more likely as the number of acute episodes increases. The female genital tract has diverse microenvironments propitious for growth of microorganisms of different types, aerobic and anaerobic. Each anatomic site has specific features conditioning bacterial growth. Histological modifications during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy affect the microbial flora. Except in the case of @entity6 , it is not known how many @entity9 spread to the upper tract. Since 1970, several studies have domonstrated a growing diversity of cervical and vaginal flora in asymptomatic subjects. The principal risk factors for @entity7 have been well described in the literature. All contraceptive methods except the IUD provide some degree of protection against @entity7 . Even among IUD users the risk of @entity7 is probably not greater than among @entity0 with a comparable risk of exposure to @entity5 . The protective effect of condoms has been recognized since the era of Casanova, but it is difficult to quantify. Studies describing the protective effects of spermicides used one against @entity8 are very rare, and protective effects have usually been demonstrated only in vitro. Surfactants such as @entity10 probably have viricidal properties against herpes simplex. Condoms and diaphragms have been seen to exercise a protective effect independent of spermicide, with relative risks of .6 and .4 compared to nonouse of contraception. There is as yet no consensus on changes in risk of @entity7 during oral contraceptive (OC) use, but several studies have shown OCs to have a protective effect. Risks of @entity7 in IUD users apparently stem from contamination during insertion or of the thread during prolonged use, but both possibilities remain controversial. The use of @entity0 not using contraception as controls in studies of relative risks of PId may not be appropriate because their sexual behavior and risks of exposure to @entity5 may differ. At the moment of ovulation, when the mucus is most receptive, IUDs do not place any barrier in the way of ascension of sperm and bacteria to the upper genital tract.

title: [Contraception and @entity8 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Different types of @entity4 (PG) have various effects on tissue in different functional states. Their complex effects include uterine contractions, expansion or contraction of blood vessels, and promotion or prevention of @entity3 . The large body of work done on the role of PG in the effects and side effects produced by IUDs is reviewed. PG concentrations in the @entity0 endometrium during the menstrual cycle vary according to PG type and menstrual phase. Evidence is cited showing that overall PG levels or levels of certain types of PG rise with IUD, and that this is a local reaction. In 1976 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were successfully used to reduce uterine @entity1 . The means by which the IUD induces abnormal uterine @entity1 has not been determined. Some authors have sought to explain the rise in PG by means of aseptic inflammation of the endometrium. The possible role of platelets, @entity2 , and expansion and contraction of blood vessels in @entity1 with IUD has been raised. The uterus with IUD becomes more active. When IUD is designed too large or insufficiently pliable, @entity1 may occur in menstruation. The presence of an IUD makes the uterus highly sensitive to PG, so that even normal PG levels can cause a strong reaction in the uterine smooth muscle. PG plays an important role in the mechanisms of abnormal uterine @entity1 ; PG suppressants will be significant in treating abnormal uterine @entity1 with IUD.

title: [ XXXX and intrauterine contraceptive device].

answer: @entity4


abstract: 4 cases of @entity8 in young @entity0 are presented. The 4 @entity0 had been taking estro-progestative contraceptive agents. The @entity5 were single, double or multiple; some could be treated surgically, some were not treated because of the risk involved. In the 4 cases, the @entity1 was benign. The relationship between @entity8 and estro-progestatives, and more generally between @entity3 and steriods is studied. Hepatic @entity5 appear to be much more frequent than had been believed. Latent forms are probably relatively frequent. It is very likely that estro-progestatives are responsible for the @entity1 , but also for some of the malignant ones. This @entity2 also carries a risk of @entity4 . Therefore it is crucial to detect them. In their conclusion, the authors emphasize the necessity of taking into consideration some of the serious risks which come with oral contraception, some of which are @entity3 , @entity6 , cerebral vascular accidents and @entity7 .

title: [Four cases of XXXX associated with oral contraception].

answer: @entity3


abstract: 2 groups of @entity0 are at risk of traumatic complication after midtrimester abortion: older multiparous @entity0 ( @entity4 ) and young primigravid @entity0 ( @entity2 ). While the occurrence of @entity4 in the former class can be reduced by selective use of abortifacient agents, and avoidance of amnioinfusions and intravenous @entity3 , the occurrence of @entity2 continues to be high. From May 1974 through May 1978, 780 @entity0 underwent midtrimester abortion by various techniques. 12 @entity0 (1.5%) sustained cervical @entity1 , 11 of whom were nulliparous aged 16 to 25 years. Intra-amniotic and extra-ovular methods alike produced cervical @entity1 . The combined method of induction increases the likelihood of damaging the cervix. Oxytocic augmentation, however, does not appear to increase its incidence. Nor does a shorter induction-abortion interval, according to the evidence. Since laminaria tents did not prevent cervical @entity1 , none of the presently available methods offers any protection. Nevertheless, it may be that cervical @entity1 can be prevented if midtrimester abortions are undertaken between 13 and 15 weeks of pregnancy. @entity2 can also go unnoticed and cause future obstetric problems; the authors therefore emphasize the importance of routine cervical inspection in all @entity0 .

title: XXXX in midtrimester abortions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: To assess @entity0 referred to the Occupational Therapy Service in Gwent with a presumptive diagnosis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in order to investigate the appropriateness of their referral. METHODS: Non-urgent referrals to the occupational therapy team for @entity0 with coordination difficulties in Gwent between June 2001 and February 2002 were studied. RESULTS: Eighty nine @entity0 , aged 5-10 years, were identified. Thirteen @entity0 who would not meet the @entity1 criteria were excluded. This left 76 @entity0 , 67 of whom were actually assessed. If the 15th centile for the Movement ABC is used, 26 @entity0 met and 41 failed one of the four criteria in DSM IV (38%). If the 5th centile is used, 21 @entity0 met and 46 failed one of the four criteria in the @entity2 %). Of the major groups of referrers, school nurses did the best with 48% success rate; better than the paediatricians with 32%. The worst success rate was in educational psychologists and teachers, with only 20% of cases referred actually having @entity1 . These differences did not quite reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Less than a third of referrals to occupational therapy for @entity1 actually have the diagnosis. This suggests that referrers need further training and guidance. This includes a knowledge and understanding of the DSM IV criteria and their interpretation. This would reduce the number of time consuming, unnecessary assessments being done. A triage procedure with a checklist would be a good way forward and we hope to devise one to assist referrers with this process.

title: Are referrals to occupational therapy for XXXX appropriate?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Several previous reports concluded that the @entity3 fragment of @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) binds with higher affinity to @entity2 than does C4Bb. Because the isotypic residues, (1101)PCPVLD and (1101)LSPVIH in @entity4 and @entity3 , respectively, are located within the C4d region, one may have expected a direct binding contribution of C4d to the interaction with @entity2 . However, using surface plasmon resonance as our analytical tool, with soluble @entity5 immobilized on the biosensor chip, we failed to detect significant binding of C4d of either isotype. By contrast, binding of C4c was readily detectable. @entity4 and @entity3 , purified from plasma lacking one of the isotypes, were Cs converted to @entity4 and C4Bb. Spontaneously formed @entity1 -linked dimers were separated from monomers and higher oligomers by sequential chromatographic steps. The binding sensorgrams of @entity4 and C4Bb monomers as analytes reached steady state plateaus, and these equilibrium data yielded essentially superimposable saturation curves that were well fit by a one-site binding model. Although a two-site model was required to fit the equilibrium-binding data for the dimeric forms of @entity3 , once again there was little difference in the K(D) values obtained for each isotype. Independent verification of our surface plasmon resonance studies came from ELISA-based inhibition experiments in which monomers of @entity4 and C4Bb were equipotent in inhibiting the binding of soluble @entity2 to plate-bound @entity3 . Although divergent from previous reports, our results are consistent with recent @entity4 structural data that raised serious doubts about there being a conformational basis for the previously reported isotypic differences in the @entity3 - @entity2 interaction.

title: The C4A and C4B isotypic forms of @entity0 complement fragment @entity3 have the same intrinsic affinity for complement receptor 1 ( XXXX / @entity2 ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: Several previous reports concluded that the @entity3 fragment of @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) binds with higher affinity to @entity2 than does C4Bb. Because the isotypic residues, (1101)PCPVLD and (1101)LSPVIH in @entity4 and @entity3 , respectively, are located within the C4d region, one may have expected a direct binding contribution of C4d to the interaction with @entity2 . However, using surface plasmon resonance as our analytical tool, with soluble @entity5 immobilized on the biosensor chip, we failed to detect significant binding of C4d of either isotype. By contrast, binding of C4c was readily detectable. @entity4 and @entity3 , purified from plasma lacking one of the isotypes, were Cs converted to @entity4 and C4Bb. Spontaneously formed @entity1 -linked dimers were separated from monomers and higher oligomers by sequential chromatographic steps. The binding sensorgrams of @entity4 and C4Bb monomers as analytes reached steady state plateaus, and these equilibrium data yielded essentially superimposable saturation curves that were well fit by a one-site binding model. Although a two-site model was required to fit the equilibrium-binding data for the dimeric forms of @entity3 , once again there was little difference in the K(D) values obtained for each isotype. Independent verification of our surface plasmon resonance studies came from ELISA-based inhibition experiments in which monomers of @entity4 and C4Bb were equipotent in inhibiting the binding of soluble @entity2 to plate-bound @entity3 . Although divergent from previous reports, our results are consistent with recent @entity4 structural data that raised serious doubts about there being a conformational basis for the previously reported isotypic differences in the @entity3 - @entity2 interaction.

title: The C4A and C4B isotypic forms of @entity0 complement fragment @entity3 have the same intrinsic affinity for complement receptor 1 ( @entity2 / XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: Several previous reports concluded that the @entity3 fragment of @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) binds with higher affinity to @entity2 than does C4Bb. Because the isotypic residues, (1101)PCPVLD and (1101)LSPVIH in @entity4 and @entity3 , respectively, are located within the C4d region, one may have expected a direct binding contribution of C4d to the interaction with @entity2 . However, using surface plasmon resonance as our analytical tool, with soluble @entity5 immobilized on the biosensor chip, we failed to detect significant binding of C4d of either isotype. By contrast, binding of C4c was readily detectable. @entity4 and @entity3 , purified from plasma lacking one of the isotypes, were Cs converted to @entity4 and C4Bb. Spontaneously formed @entity1 -linked dimers were separated from monomers and higher oligomers by sequential chromatographic steps. The binding sensorgrams of @entity4 and C4Bb monomers as analytes reached steady state plateaus, and these equilibrium data yielded essentially superimposable saturation curves that were well fit by a one-site binding model. Although a two-site model was required to fit the equilibrium-binding data for the dimeric forms of @entity3 , once again there was little difference in the K(D) values obtained for each isotype. Independent verification of our surface plasmon resonance studies came from ELISA-based inhibition experiments in which monomers of @entity4 and C4Bb were equipotent in inhibiting the binding of soluble @entity2 to plate-bound @entity3 . Although divergent from previous reports, our results are consistent with recent @entity4 structural data that raised serious doubts about there being a conformational basis for the previously reported isotypic differences in the @entity3 - @entity2 interaction.

title: The C4A and C4B isotypic forms of @entity0 complement fragment XXXX have the same intrinsic affinity for complement receptor 1 ( @entity2 / @entity2 ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: Several previous reports concluded that the @entity3 fragment of @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) binds with higher affinity to @entity2 than does C4Bb. Because the isotypic residues, (1101)PCPVLD and (1101)LSPVIH in @entity4 and @entity3 , respectively, are located within the C4d region, one may have expected a direct binding contribution of C4d to the interaction with @entity2 . However, using surface plasmon resonance as our analytical tool, with soluble @entity5 immobilized on the biosensor chip, we failed to detect significant binding of C4d of either isotype. By contrast, binding of C4c was readily detectable. @entity4 and @entity3 , purified from plasma lacking one of the isotypes, were Cs converted to @entity4 and C4Bb. Spontaneously formed @entity1 -linked dimers were separated from monomers and higher oligomers by sequential chromatographic steps. The binding sensorgrams of @entity4 and C4Bb monomers as analytes reached steady state plateaus, and these equilibrium data yielded essentially superimposable saturation curves that were well fit by a one-site binding model. Although a two-site model was required to fit the equilibrium-binding data for the dimeric forms of @entity3 , once again there was little difference in the K(D) values obtained for each isotype. Independent verification of our surface plasmon resonance studies came from ELISA-based inhibition experiments in which monomers of @entity4 and C4Bb were equipotent in inhibiting the binding of soluble @entity2 to plate-bound @entity3 . Although divergent from previous reports, our results are consistent with recent @entity4 structural data that raised serious doubts about there being a conformational basis for the previously reported isotypic differences in the @entity3 - @entity2 interaction.

title: The C4A and C4B isotypic forms of XXXX complement fragment @entity3 have the same intrinsic affinity for complement receptor 1 ( @entity2 / @entity2 ).

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: To determine alterations which occur in the size and shape of lamina cribrosa (LC) pores in @entity3 over a period of time. METHODS: Baseline and follow up optic disc photographs were retrospectively studied in 39 eyes of 39 @entity0 with @entity2 . Only eyes with a vertical cup to disc ratio equal to or greater than 0.6 were included in the study. In addition, all selected eyes had to have serial optic disc photographs obtained at least 3 years apart allowing clear visualisation of LC surface. The association of the alterations in LC surface morphology with @entity0 specific and eye specific characteristics was statistically analysed. RESULTS: During a mean study period of 3.90 (SD 0.7) years, individual pore size (mean pore area to disc area ratio) exhibited a significant decrease between baseline and follow up measurements of each eye (p<0.0001). However, during the study period, total pore area to disc area ratio did not change (p>0.05), and the change in pore shape in some eyes (from circular to more oval and elongated) was statistically insignificant (p = 0.12). Although a relation was detectable between the optic disc and lamina cribrosa parameters at a given time, which reflects cumulative effects, during the study period, there was no significant association between the changes of the LC parameters and @entity4 . The rate and the magnitude of the changes in individual pore size during the study period were not significantly different among the eyes exhibiting progressive @entity1 and those staying stable (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that the LC surface morphology exhibits changes along with the glaucomatous @entity1 . However, the clinical appearance of LC surface in @entity3 may continue to change, even when the @entity1 is clinically stable. These findings are probably associated with the chronic cellular events of tissue remodelling that occur in the glaucomatous optic nerve head.

title: Alterations in the morphology of lamina cribrosa pores in XXXX .

answer: @entity3