abstract: BACKGROUND: Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd is widely distributed in China and the northern hemisphere, and the most popular medicinal component isolated from Taxus chinensis is @entity6 ( @entity8 ), which has now become the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for @entity0 and @entity3 . Oral administration of pure @entity8 as a potential anti- @entity1 agent is compromised by low bioavailability. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: In the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, drug co-administration in the form of mixtures or formula could achieve pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic synergies. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there exist any 'inherent' phytochemical synergy from Taxus chinensis extract that could improve @entity8 bioavailability. STUDY DESIGN: Pharmacokinetic study of @entity8 after oral administration of Taxus chinensis extracts or single @entity8 was performed. In addition, comparative cytotoxic studies were carried out on the MCF-7 @entity0 cell lines. METHODS: The plasma concentrations of @entity8 were determined using a validated high performance chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. The @entity5 was compared using the @entity4 assay. RESULTS: Oral administration of @entity7 fractions isolated from Taxus chinensis (containing 17.2% @entity8 ) could achieve remarkably higher blood concentration and systemic exposure of @entity8 in @entity2 , while the retention of @entity8 was significantly improved. Further tissue distribution analysis revealed that the penetration of @entity8 into major tissues was drastically increased compared with that of single @entity8 . In addition, in MCF-7 cells, the co-existing components in @entity7 mixtures could strengthen the inhibitory effects of @entity8 on @entity1 cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: Together, these results support that administration of @entity8 in the form of @entity7 mixtures may become a novel approach to improve the poor bioavailability of @entity8 . Moreover, the inherent synergy from Taxus chinensis @entity7 extracts promises a novel strategy to strengthen @entity8 efficacy.

title: Pharmacokinetic synergy from the XXXX extract of Taxus chinensis improves the bioavailability of @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd is widely distributed in China and the northern hemisphere, and the most popular medicinal component isolated from Taxus chinensis is @entity6 ( @entity8 ), which has now become the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for @entity0 and @entity3 . Oral administration of pure @entity8 as a potential anti- @entity1 agent is compromised by low bioavailability. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: In the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, drug co-administration in the form of mixtures or formula could achieve pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic synergies. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there exist any 'inherent' phytochemical synergy from Taxus chinensis extract that could improve @entity8 bioavailability. STUDY DESIGN: Pharmacokinetic study of @entity8 after oral administration of Taxus chinensis extracts or single @entity8 was performed. In addition, comparative cytotoxic studies were carried out on the MCF-7 @entity0 cell lines. METHODS: The plasma concentrations of @entity8 were determined using a validated high performance chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. The @entity5 was compared using the @entity4 assay. RESULTS: Oral administration of @entity7 fractions isolated from Taxus chinensis (containing 17.2% @entity8 ) could achieve remarkably higher blood concentration and systemic exposure of @entity8 in @entity2 , while the retention of @entity8 was significantly improved. Further tissue distribution analysis revealed that the penetration of @entity8 into major tissues was drastically increased compared with that of single @entity8 . In addition, in MCF-7 cells, the co-existing components in @entity7 mixtures could strengthen the inhibitory effects of @entity8 on @entity1 cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: Together, these results support that administration of @entity8 in the form of @entity7 mixtures may become a novel approach to improve the poor bioavailability of @entity8 . Moreover, the inherent synergy from Taxus chinensis @entity7 extracts promises a novel strategy to strengthen @entity8 efficacy.

title: Pharmacokinetic synergy from the @entity7 extract of Taxus chinensis improves the bioavailability of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing concern among @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 and survivors about @entity2 following systemic treatments. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effects of standard systemic adjuvant therapies on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in a large nationwide cohort of @entity0 survivors 7-9 years after primary surgery. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from the nationwide Psychosocial Factors and @entity0 inception cohort of Danish @entity1 treated for primary @entity0 . @entity2 was assessed with the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and @entity1 allocated to systemic treatment according to nationwide standard protocols were compared with @entity1 who had not received any systemic treatments. RESULTS: A total of 1889 recurrence-free survivors were eligible for analysis. No difference in @entity2 was found between survivors across standardized systemic treatment protocols when analyses were stratified by menopausal status and adjusted for possible sociodemographic and treatment-related confounders. The frequency of significant @entity2 in a subgroup of survivors in the age range 65-74 years was    7%. CONCLUSIONS: No differences in long-term @entity2 at 7-9 years post surgery were found between @entity1 who had received systemic therapies and those who had not. Furthermore, the observed proportion of survivors with significant @entity2 was comparable to normative data. These results are important to communicate to @entity1 , survivors, and clinicians alike, especially in the light of increasing concern about @entity2 following systemic therapies.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 14 July 2015; doi:10.1038/bjc.2015.243 www.bjcancer.com.

title: Long-term subjective cognitive functioning following adjuvant systemic treatment: 7-9 years follow-up of a nationwide cohort of @entity1 treated for primary XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing concern among @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 and survivors about @entity2 following systemic treatments. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effects of standard systemic adjuvant therapies on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in a large nationwide cohort of @entity0 survivors 7-9 years after primary surgery. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from the nationwide Psychosocial Factors and @entity0 inception cohort of Danish @entity1 treated for primary @entity0 . @entity2 was assessed with the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and @entity1 allocated to systemic treatment according to nationwide standard protocols were compared with @entity1 who had not received any systemic treatments. RESULTS: A total of 1889 recurrence-free survivors were eligible for analysis. No difference in @entity2 was found between survivors across standardized systemic treatment protocols when analyses were stratified by menopausal status and adjusted for possible sociodemographic and treatment-related confounders. The frequency of significant @entity2 in a subgroup of survivors in the age range 65-74 years was    7%. CONCLUSIONS: No differences in long-term @entity2 at 7-9 years post surgery were found between @entity1 who had received systemic therapies and those who had not. Furthermore, the observed proportion of survivors with significant @entity2 was comparable to normative data. These results are important to communicate to @entity1 , survivors, and clinicians alike, especially in the light of increasing concern about @entity2 following systemic therapies.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 14 July 2015; doi:10.1038/bjc.2015.243 www.bjcancer.com.

title: Long-term subjective cognitive functioning following adjuvant systemic treatment: 7-9 years follow-up of a nationwide cohort of XXXX treated for primary @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) levels are often measured after thyroid surgery and are used to detect @entity0 at risk for @entity1 . However, there is a lack of consensus in the literature about how to define the recovery of parathyroid gland function and when to classify @entity2 as permanent. The goals of this study were to determine the incidence of low postoperative @entity4 in total thyroidectomy @entity0 and to monitor their time course to recovery of parathyroid gland function. METHODS: We identified 1054 consecutive @entity0 who underwent a total or completion thyroidectomy from January, 2006-December, 2013. Low @entity4 was defined as a @entity4 measurement <10 pg/mL immediately after surgery. @entity0 were considered to be permanently @entity2 if they had not recovered within 1  y. Recovery of parathyroid gland function was defined as @entity4 >= 10 pg/mL and no need for therapeutic @entity3 or activated @entity5 ( @entity6 ) supplementation to prevent @entity7 symptoms. RESULTS: Of 1054 total thyroidectomy @entity0 , 189 (18%) had a postoperative @entity4 <10 pg/mL. Of those 189 @entity0 , 132 (70%) showed resolution within 2  mo of surgery. Notably, 9 (5%) resolved between 6 and 12  mo. At 1  y, 20 (1.9%) were considered to have permanent @entity2 . Surprisingly, 50% of those @entity0 had recovery of @entity4 levels yet still required supplementation to avoid symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity0 with a low postoperative @entity4 recover function quickly, but it can take up to 1  y for full resolution. @entity2 needs to be defined not only by @entity4 levels but also by medication requirements.

title: XXXX after total thyroidectomy: incidence and resolution.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are no widely used models in clinical care to predict outcome in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). If available these could help triage @entity0 at presentation to appropriate levels of care/intervention and improve medical resource utilisation. We aimed to apply a state-of-the-art machine learning classifier, gradient boosting (GB), to predict outcome in @entity2 using non-endoscopic measurements as predictors. METHODS: Non-endoscopic variables from @entity0 with @entity2 attending the emergency departments of two teaching hospitals were analysed retrospectively for training/internal validation (n=170) and external validation (n=130) of the GB model. The performance of the GB algorithm in predicting recurrent @entity2 , clinical intervention and severe @entity2 was compared to a multiple logic regression (MLR) model and two published MLR-based prediction algorithms (BLEED and Strate prediction rule). RESULTS: The GB algorithm had the best negative predictive values for the chosen outcomes (>88%). On internal validation the accuracy of the GB algorithm for predicting recurrent @entity2 , therapeutic intervention and severe @entity2 were (88%, 88% and 78% respectively) and superior to the BLEED classification (64%, 68% and 63%), Strate prediction rule (78%, 78%, 67%) and conventional MLR (74%, 74% 62%). On external validation the accuracy was similar to conventional MLR for recurrent @entity2 (88% vs. 83%) and therapeutic intervention (91% vs. 87%) but superior for severe @entity2 (83% vs. 71%). CONCLUSION: The gradient boosting algorithm accurately predicts outcome in @entity0 with @entity1 and outperforms multiple logistic regression based models. These may be useful for risk stratification of @entity0 on presentation to the emergency department.

title: Prediction of Outcome in XXXX Using Gradient Boosting.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Morbidities of impaired immunity and @entity1 are common in preterm @entity0 . Postnatal Intestinal development plays a critical role in the maturation of the immune system and is, in part, driven by exposure to an enteral diet. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the timing of the first enteral feeding on intestinal @entity1 and risk of disease. METHODS: 130 @entity0 <33 weeks' gestation were studied. Maternal and @entity0 data were abstracted from the medical record. Single and multiplex ELISA assays quantified cytokines from fecal and serum samples at two weeks postnatal age. RESULTS: A delay in enteral feedings after the third postnatal day is associated with a 4.5 (95% CI 1.8-11.5, p=0.002) fold increase in @entity5 , 2.9 (1.1-7.8, p=0.03) fold increase in @entity4 , and 3.4 (1.2-9.8, p=0.02) fold increase in multiple comorbidities compared to @entity0 fed on or before the third day. Additionally, a delay in the initiation of feedings is associated with increased fecal @entity2 levels and a decreased @entity3 : @entity2 ratio. CONCLUSIONS: A delay in enteral feeding is associated with intestinal @entity1 and increased risks of morbidities. To improve neonatal outcomes, early nutritional practices need to be reevaluated.

title: Late Enteral Feedings Are Associated with Intestinal XXXX and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a leading cause of @entity2 amongst @entity1 @entity0 . The effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) on the risk of @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether nCRT was associated with an increased risk of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 , either during therapy or with subsequent treatment. METHOD: This was a retrospective study from a prospectively maintained database at a tertiary referral centre. @entity0 included @entity0 with @entity1 treated between January 2000 and December 2013. The primary outcome was the rate of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 who had nCRT compared with those who did not. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-one (7.8%) of 2181 @entity1 @entity0 developed @entity3 . @entity0 who had nCRT did not have an increased incidence of @entity3 compared with those who had surgery alone (81/946, 8.6% vs 94/1235, 7.6%, P = 0.42) after a median follow-up of 95 months. Ten (1.1%) of 946 @entity0 who received nCRT developed @entity3 during or immediately after nCRT. Most @entity3 events occurred in the 30-day postoperative period (70 @entity0 , 3.2%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 was 7.8%, with most events occurring in within 30 days of surgery. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation was not associated with an increased risk of @entity3 .

title: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for @entity1 is not associated with higher rates of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a leading cause of @entity2 amongst @entity1 @entity0 . The effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) on the risk of @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether nCRT was associated with an increased risk of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 , either during therapy or with subsequent treatment. METHOD: This was a retrospective study from a prospectively maintained database at a tertiary referral centre. @entity0 included @entity0 with @entity1 treated between January 2000 and December 2013. The primary outcome was the rate of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 who had nCRT compared with those who did not. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-one (7.8%) of 2181 @entity1 @entity0 developed @entity3 . @entity0 who had nCRT did not have an increased incidence of @entity3 compared with those who had surgery alone (81/946, 8.6% vs 94/1235, 7.6%, P = 0.42) after a median follow-up of 95 months. Ten (1.1%) of 946 @entity0 who received nCRT developed @entity3 during or immediately after nCRT. Most @entity3 events occurred in the 30-day postoperative period (70 @entity0 , 3.2%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 was 7.8%, with most events occurring in within 30 days of surgery. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation was not associated with an increased risk of @entity3 .

title: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for XXXX is not associated with higher rates of @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are highly persistent anthropogenic contaminants found in the environment, posing a risk to aquatic ecosystems, whereas there is a lack of data concerning their impacts on marine invertebrates. The objective of this study was to assess the relative lethal and sublethal @entity0 effects of two @entity1 , @entity4 and @entity3 congeners, on marine zooplankton rotifer @entity5 associated with @entity2 concentrations and time of exposure. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed to determine actual @entity2 concentrations. Rotifer population demographic parameters from life tables, including age-specific survivorship (lx), age-specific fecundity (mx), net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (  ), life expectancy (E0) and generation time (T), were used as measures of treatment effects. Results from this study have revealed increasingly intense negative effects on many of the rotifer demographic parameters with elevated @entity2 concentrations. The population growth curves of @entity5 showed almost no lag phase and reached peak abundances within 11 days, while @entity5 exposed to @entity3 had a lag phase of about 5 days. In addition, increased @entity2 levels reduced the population abundances and peak population densities of @entity5 . The two @entity1 have caused the carrying capacity (K) suppressed and the negative influence turned more serious as the concentration rose. Results also revealed that the time to reach growth curve inflection point (Tp) was shortened by @entity1 to different degrees. This study not only indicated that life table demography and population growth curve studies were two important aspects used to evaluate toxicant @entity2 effects, but also compared the two @entity2 disruptions to the population growth and reproduction of the rotifer.

title: Using population demographic parameters to assess impacts of two @entity1 ( @entity4 , @entity3 ) on the rotifer XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are highly persistent anthropogenic contaminants found in the environment, posing a risk to aquatic ecosystems, whereas there is a lack of data concerning their impacts on marine invertebrates. The objective of this study was to assess the relative lethal and sublethal @entity0 effects of two @entity1 , @entity4 and @entity3 congeners, on marine zooplankton rotifer @entity5 associated with @entity2 concentrations and time of exposure. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed to determine actual @entity2 concentrations. Rotifer population demographic parameters from life tables, including age-specific survivorship (lx), age-specific fecundity (mx), net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (  ), life expectancy (E0) and generation time (T), were used as measures of treatment effects. Results from this study have revealed increasingly intense negative effects on many of the rotifer demographic parameters with elevated @entity2 concentrations. The population growth curves of @entity5 showed almost no lag phase and reached peak abundances within 11 days, while @entity5 exposed to @entity3 had a lag phase of about 5 days. In addition, increased @entity2 levels reduced the population abundances and peak population densities of @entity5 . The two @entity1 have caused the carrying capacity (K) suppressed and the negative influence turned more serious as the concentration rose. Results also revealed that the time to reach growth curve inflection point (Tp) was shortened by @entity1 to different degrees. This study not only indicated that life table demography and population growth curve studies were two important aspects used to evaluate toxicant @entity2 effects, but also compared the two @entity2 disruptions to the population growth and reproduction of the rotifer.

title: Using population demographic parameters to assess impacts of two @entity1 ( @entity4 , XXXX ) on the rotifer @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are highly persistent anthropogenic contaminants found in the environment, posing a risk to aquatic ecosystems, whereas there is a lack of data concerning their impacts on marine invertebrates. The objective of this study was to assess the relative lethal and sublethal @entity0 effects of two @entity1 , @entity4 and @entity3 congeners, on marine zooplankton rotifer @entity5 associated with @entity2 concentrations and time of exposure. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed to determine actual @entity2 concentrations. Rotifer population demographic parameters from life tables, including age-specific survivorship (lx), age-specific fecundity (mx), net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (  ), life expectancy (E0) and generation time (T), were used as measures of treatment effects. Results from this study have revealed increasingly intense negative effects on many of the rotifer demographic parameters with elevated @entity2 concentrations. The population growth curves of @entity5 showed almost no lag phase and reached peak abundances within 11 days, while @entity5 exposed to @entity3 had a lag phase of about 5 days. In addition, increased @entity2 levels reduced the population abundances and peak population densities of @entity5 . The two @entity1 have caused the carrying capacity (K) suppressed and the negative influence turned more serious as the concentration rose. Results also revealed that the time to reach growth curve inflection point (Tp) was shortened by @entity1 to different degrees. This study not only indicated that life table demography and population growth curve studies were two important aspects used to evaluate toxicant @entity2 effects, but also compared the two @entity2 disruptions to the population growth and reproduction of the rotifer.

title: Using population demographic parameters to assess impacts of two @entity1 ( XXXX , @entity3 ) on the rotifer @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are highly persistent anthropogenic contaminants found in the environment, posing a risk to aquatic ecosystems, whereas there is a lack of data concerning their impacts on marine invertebrates. The objective of this study was to assess the relative lethal and sublethal @entity0 effects of two @entity1 , @entity4 and @entity3 congeners, on marine zooplankton rotifer @entity5 associated with @entity2 concentrations and time of exposure. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed to determine actual @entity2 concentrations. Rotifer population demographic parameters from life tables, including age-specific survivorship (lx), age-specific fecundity (mx), net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (  ), life expectancy (E0) and generation time (T), were used as measures of treatment effects. Results from this study have revealed increasingly intense negative effects on many of the rotifer demographic parameters with elevated @entity2 concentrations. The population growth curves of @entity5 showed almost no lag phase and reached peak abundances within 11 days, while @entity5 exposed to @entity3 had a lag phase of about 5 days. In addition, increased @entity2 levels reduced the population abundances and peak population densities of @entity5 . The two @entity1 have caused the carrying capacity (K) suppressed and the negative influence turned more serious as the concentration rose. Results also revealed that the time to reach growth curve inflection point (Tp) was shortened by @entity1 to different degrees. This study not only indicated that life table demography and population growth curve studies were two important aspects used to evaluate toxicant @entity2 effects, but also compared the two @entity2 disruptions to the population growth and reproduction of the rotifer.

title: Using population demographic parameters to assess impacts of two XXXX ( @entity4 , @entity3 ) on the rotifer @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Amyloid-b positron emission tomography (PET) imaging allows in vivo detection of fibrillar plaques, a core neuropathological feature of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Its diagnostic utility is still unclear because amyloid plaques also occur in @entity0 with non- @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To use individual @entity0 data meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of amyloid positivity on PET in a wide variety of @entity3 syndromes. DATA SOURCES: The MEDLINE and Web of Science databases were searched from January 2004 to April 2015 for amyloid PET studies. STUDY SELECTION: Case reports and studies on neurological or @entity1 diseases other than @entity3 were excluded. Corresponding authors of eligible cohorts were invited to provide individual @entity0 data. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data were provided for 1359 @entity0 with clinically diagnosed @entity2 and 538 @entity0 with non- @entity2 . The reference groups were 1849 healthy control @entity0 (based on amyloid PET) and an independent sample of 1369 @entity2 @entity0 (based on autopsy). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Estimated prevalence of positive amyloid PET scans according to diagnosis, age, and @entity6 ( @entity6 )   4 status, using the generalized estimating equations method. RESULTS: The likelihood of amyloid positivity was associated with age and @entity6 status. In @entity2 , the prevalence of amyloid positivity decreased from age 50 to 90 years in @entity6 noncarriers (86% [95% CI, 73%-94%] at 50 years to 68% [95% CI, 57%-77%] at 90 years; n   =   377) and to a lesser degree in @entity6 carriers (97% [95% CI, 92%-99%] at 50 years to 90% [95% CI, 83%-94%] at 90 years; n   =   593; P   <   .01). Similar associations of age and @entity6 with amyloid positivity were observed in @entity0 with @entity2 at autopsy. In most non- @entity2 @entity3 , amyloid positivity increased with both age (from 60 to 80 years) and @entity6 carriership ( @entity3 with @entity5 : carriers [n   =   16], 63% [95% CI, 48%-80%] at 60 years to 83% [95% CI, 67%-92%] at 80 years; noncarriers [n   =   18], 29% [95% CI, 15%-50%] at 60 years to 54% [95% CI, 30%-77%] at 80 years; @entity7 : carriers [n   =   48], 19% [95% CI, 12%-28%] at 60 years to 43% [95% CI, 35%-50%] at 80 years; noncarriers [n   =   160], 5% [95% CI, 3%-8%] at 60 years to 14% [95% CI, 11%-18%] at 80 years; @entity4 : carriers [n   =   30], 25% [95% CI, 9%-52%] at 60 years to 64% [95% CI, 49%-77%] at 80 years; noncarriers [n   =   77], 7% [95% CI, 3%-18%] at 60 years to 29% [95% CI, 17%-43%] at 80 years. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among @entity0 with @entity3 , the prevalence of amyloid positivity was associated with clinical diagnosis, age, and @entity6 genotype. These findings indicate the potential clinical utility of amyloid imaging for differential diagnosis in early-onset @entity3 and to support the clinical diagnosis of @entity0 with @entity2 and noncarrier @entity6 status who are older than 70 years.

title: Prevalence of amyloid PET positivity in XXXX syndromes: a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Osteocytes are proposed to be the mechanosensory cells that translate mechanical loading into biochemical signals during the process of bone adaptation. The lipid mediator @entity4 ( @entity5 ) has been reported to play a role in the mechanotransduction process of blood vessels and also in the dynamic control of bone mineral homeostasis. Nevertheless, the potential role of @entity5 in bone mechanotransduction has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we hypothesized that a @entity5 cascade is involved in the activation of osteocytes in response to loading-induced oscillatory fluid flow (OFF) in bone. MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells express the necessary components of a functional @entity5 cascade. To examine the involvement of @entity5 signaling in osteocyte mechanotransduction, we applied OFF (1Pa, 1Hz) to osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells under conditions where the @entity5 signaling pathway was modulated. We found that decreased endogenous @entity5 levels significantly suppressed the OFF-induced intracellular @entity0 response. Addition of extracellular @entity5 to MLO-Y4 cells enhanced the synthesis and release of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) under static cells and amplified OFF-induced @entity1 release. The stimulatory effect of OFF on the gene expression levels of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was @entity5 dependent. Furthermore, the @entity6 receptor subtype was shown to be involved in OFF-induced @entity1 synthesis and release, as well as down-regulation of @entity3 / @entity2 gene expression ratio. In summary, our data suggest that @entity5 cascade is involved in OFF-induced mechanotransduction in MLO-Y4 cells and that extracellular @entity5 exerts its effect partly through @entity6 receptors.

title: The role of the XXXX signaling pathway in osteocyte mechanotransduction.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of the medial femoral condyle (MFC) is one of the most common causes of knee @entity1 in adolescents. Wilson sign reproduces knee @entity1 with internal rotation of the tibia during extension of the knee from 90 to 30 degrees due to impingement of the tibial eminence on the MFC. This impingement may result in microtrauma and contribute to lesion formation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate anatomic factors that may increase the likelihood of impingement by using magnetic resonance imaging scans of @entity0 with @entity3 to measure tibial eminence height and femoral notch width. METHODS: A retrospective, case-control study was performed using the radiology database at our institution between July 2009 and February 2014. Magnetic resonance imagings of @entity0 with @entity3 and matched controls were identified. For each @entity0 , tibial eminence height and femoral notch width were measured and then normalized for @entity0 size [creating the tibial eminence height normalized, and the notch width index (NWI), respectively]. Values for @entity2 and control knees were compared using Student t test. Interrater and intrarater reliability were calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS: Thirty-five MFC @entity2 @entity0 and matched controls were identified. Comparison of the groups showed a significantly smaller NWI in MFC @entity2 knees than in the matched controls (0.2620  0.0248 vs. 0.2886   0.0323, P=0.0003). There was no difference in tibial eminence height normalized between groups (0.1387  0.0161 vs. 0.1428  0.0108, P=0.21). Interrater and intrarater reliability of all measurements was good to excellent (0.81 to 1.00) when measurements were made using bony margins. CONCLUSIONS: Knees with @entity3 have significantly smaller NWIs than matched controls. This anatomic factor may increase the likelihood of @entity4 and contribute to @entity2 formation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III-case-control study.

title: Intercondylar Notch Width as a Risk Factor for Medial Femoral Condyle Osteochondritis Dissecans in Skeletally Immature XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a cerebral protection technique that has been used in the operations involving the aortic arch and @entity1 for decades. We previous showed that @entity3 treated @entity0 developed a significant oxidative stress and apoptosis in neurons. We here intend to investigate the protective the effect of hydrogen against oxidative stress-induced cell injury and the involved mechanisms using an in vitro experimental model of @entity2 /reoxygenation (H/R) on HT-22 cells. METHODS: The model of H/R was established using an airtight culture container and the anaeropack. Measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was used H2DCFDA and JC-1 staining. Western blot was used for the quantification of @entity5 , p- @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity6 and cleaved caspase-3 proteins. The microRNA (miRNA) profile in hippocampal neurons from @entity0 model of @entity3 was determined by miRNA deep sequencing. RESULTS: The elevation of ROS and reduction of MMP were significantly induced by the treatment with @entity2 for 18 h followed by reoxygenation for 6 h. Hydrogen treatment significantly reduced H/R-caused cell death. The levels of p- @entity5 (Ser 473) and @entity4 were significantly increased while @entity6 and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased by hydrogen treatment on the model of H/R. The expression of miR-200 family was significantly elevated in model of @entity3 and H/R. Hydrogen administration inhibited the H/R-induced expression of miR-200 family in HT-22 cells. In addition, inhibition of miR-200 family suppressed H/R-caused cell death through reducing ROS production. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that H/R causes oxidative stress-induced cell death and that the hydrogen protects against H/R-induced cell death in HT22 cells, in part, due to reducing expression of miR-200 family.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Hydrogen Suppresses XXXX /Reoxygenation-Induced Cell Death in Hippocampal Neurons Through Reducing Oxidative Stress.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twenty-two @entity0 with @entity1 ranging in age from 2 to 13 1/2 years are described. In 10 cases, the correct diagnosis was only made retrospectively. The most salient pathologic features were found in lymph node biopsy specimens. Fever and wasting were the most prominent symptoms in 21 cases, and @entity3 were striking in 9. @entity9 , mostly of the cervicoaxillary type, was present in 21 @entity0 , with marked tenderness in 14. Abnormal mediastinal and/or paraaortic lymph nodes were detected radiographically in two-thirds of the @entity0 . Other prominent features included subcutaneous inflammatory infiltration in 12 @entity0 and skin nodules in 8. @entity6 were seen in 8 @entity0 . The haematologic findings are described. Only 5 of 19 @entity0 had @entity13 . Fifteen @entity0 died, one to 45 months from onset of their illness (median survival time, five months). Nine @entity0 are alive with no evidence of disease 21 to 46+ months (median, 40 months) after the time of diagnosis and 8 have currently been off treatment for periods ranging from three to 29 months; they all have been treated with @entity8 , @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity4 and 4 have achieved remission after treatment with @entity11 , @entity7 , and @entity12 or @entity10 - @entity14 . It is concluded from this study that clearly delineated clinical features of @entity1 in childhood should allow more rapid determination of the proper diagnosis and should result in early treatment by means of intensive systemic combination chemotherapy, which has dramatically improved the prognosis.

title: XXXX in childhood: clinical study and therapeutic results in 22 cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is widely recognized as a complex inflammatory disease involving pathogenic immune response of T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Accumulating evidence has revealed that mature DCs play critical roles in the differentiation of effector T cells into CD4+ T cells, which effectively participate in the onset of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity6 has been shown to be involved in various immune processes. The role of @entity6 in DCs in the pathogenesis of @entity3 has not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the relative mRNA and protein expression of @entity6 in @entity0 monocyte-derived DCs in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The overexpression or silencing of @entity6 expression in DCs in @entity0 with @entity3 was performed to explore the possible role of @entity6 in the maturation and function of DCs involved in @entity3 . The results showed that the relative expression of @entity6 in DCs is obviously increased in @entity0 with @entity3 . The overexpression or silencing of @entity6 expression could effectively promote or attenuate the maturation and function of DCs. In addition, we revealed that the MAPK pathway (phosphorylation of JNK, @entity5 and @entity4 ) might be downstream of @entity6 signalling pathway in activation of circulating DCs in @entity3 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The present data demonstrate that @entity6 could effectively promote the immune maturation and function of DCs in @entity3 @entity0 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: IFN Regulatory Factor-1 Modulates the Function of Dendritic Cells in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is widely recognized as a complex inflammatory disease involving pathogenic immune response of T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Accumulating evidence has revealed that mature DCs play critical roles in the differentiation of effector T cells into CD4+ T cells, which effectively participate in the onset of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity6 has been shown to be involved in various immune processes. The role of @entity6 in DCs in the pathogenesis of @entity3 has not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the relative mRNA and protein expression of @entity6 in @entity0 monocyte-derived DCs in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The overexpression or silencing of @entity6 expression in DCs in @entity0 with @entity3 was performed to explore the possible role of @entity6 in the maturation and function of DCs involved in @entity3 . The results showed that the relative expression of @entity6 in DCs is obviously increased in @entity0 with @entity3 . The overexpression or silencing of @entity6 expression could effectively promote or attenuate the maturation and function of DCs. In addition, we revealed that the MAPK pathway (phosphorylation of JNK, @entity5 and @entity4 ) might be downstream of @entity6 signalling pathway in activation of circulating DCs in @entity3 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The present data demonstrate that @entity6 could effectively promote the immune maturation and function of DCs in @entity3 @entity0 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: IFN Regulatory Factor-1 Modulates the Function of Dendritic Cells in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are common among @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) however little is known about their progression in terms of severity or burden after referral to expert care. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to establish the progression of @entity2 burden in @entity1 @entity0 after referral to tertiary healthcare centre and factors affecting it. METHODS: Newly referred @entity1 @entity0 were prospectively enrolled and follow-up for up to 18 months. @entity2 scale (NMSS) was used to evaluate the burden of non-motor symptoms. RESULTS: There was a significant median reduction of total @entity2 burden over the follow-up period. Similarly all @entity2 domains except domains 2 (sleep/fatigue), 3 (mood/cognition), 6 (gastrointestinal) and 7 (urinary) showed significant median reduction of scores. In the univariate regression analysis, Hoehn _ Yahr staging, disease duration, visit, Schwab _ England Activities of Daily Living score and UPDRS motor scores were individually predictive of change in total @entity2 burden. However, in the multivariable regression analysis only the latter three were significantly predictive of change in the total @entity2 burden. CONCLUSION: There was a significant reduction of total @entity2 burden over the study period. The severity of motor and activity of daily living impairments as well as subsequent visit were the best predictors of @entity2 change.

title: A longitudinal study of non-motor symptom burden in XXXX after a transition to expert care.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to determine whether pterostilbene improves glycaemic control in @entity1 showing insulin resistance induced by an obesogenic diet. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: the control group and two groups treated with either 15 mg kg(-1) d(-1) (PT15) or 30 mg kg(-1) d(-1) of pterostilbene (PT30). HOMA-IR was decreased in both pterostilbene-treated groups, but this reduction was greater in the PT15 group (-45% and -22% respectively vs. the control group). The improvement of glycaemic control was not due to a delipidating effect of pterostilbene on skeletal muscle. In contrast, @entity4 protein expression was increased (+58% and +52% vs. the control group), suggesting an improved glucose uptake. The phosphorylated- @entity2 /total @entity2 ratio was significantly enhanced in the PT30 group (+25%), and therefore a more efficient translocation of @entity4 is likely. Additionally, in this group the amount of @entity5 was significantly increased (+65%). These data suggest that the effect of pterostilbene on @entity2 is mediated by this cytokine. In the liver, @entity3 activity was significantly increased only in the PT15 group (+34%), and no changes were observed in glucose-6-phosphatase activity. The beneficial effect of pterostilbene on glycaemic control was more evident with the lower dose, probably because in the PT15 group both the muscle and the liver were contributing to this effect, but in the PT30 group only the skeletal muscle was responsible. In conclusion, pterostilbene improves glycaemic control in @entity1 showing insulin resistance induced by an obesogenic diet. An increase in hepatic @entity3 activity, as well as in skeletal muscle glucose uptake, seems to be involved in the anti- @entity0 effect of this phenolic compound.

title: Pterostilbene improves glycaemic control in XXXX fed an obesogenic diet: involvement of skeletal muscle and liver.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7 is the most relevant @entity10 worldwide, and still accounts for 1 million deaths each year. Since current antimalarial drugs are unable to prevent @entity6 in severe cases, new therapeutic strategies have been developed. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) confer host resistance against @entity7 ; however, thus far, no study has evaluated the therapeutic effects of MSC therapy on brain and distal organ damage in experimental @entity12 . METHODS: Forty C57BL/6 @entity3 were injected intraperitoneally with 5   *   10(6) @entity8 -infected erythrocytes or saline. After 24  h, @entity3 received saline or bone marrow (BM)-derived MSC (1x10(5)) intravenously and were housed individually in metabolic cages. After 4  days, lung and kidney morphofunction; cerebrum, spleen, and liver histology; and markers associated with @entity4 , fibrogenesis, and epithelial and endothelial cell damage in lung tissue were analyzed. RESULTS: In @entity8 -infected @entity3 , BM-MSCs: 1) reduced @entity11 and mortality; 2) increased phagocytic neutrophil content in brain, even though BM-MSCs did not affect the inflammatory process; 3) decreased @entity7 pigment detection in spleen, liver, and kidney; 4) reduced hepatocyte derangement, with an increased number of Kupffer cells; 5) @entity2 , without effecting significant changes in serum creatinine levels or urinary flow; and 6) reduced neutrophil infiltration, @entity0 , number of myofibroblasts within interstitial tissue, and collagen deposition in lungs, resulting in decreased lung static elastance. These morphological and functional changes were not associated with changes in levels of @entity1 @entity5 factor-a, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC, a @entity3 analog of @entity9 ), or interferon-y, which remained increased and similar to those of @entity8 animals treated with saline. BM-MSCs increased hepatocyte growth factor but decreased VEGF in the @entity8 group. CONCLUSIONS: BM-MSC treatment increased survival and reduced @entity11 and @entity7 pigment accumulation in spleen, liver, kidney, and lung, but not in brain. The two main organs associated with worse prognosis in @entity7 , lung and kidney, sustained less histological damage after BM-MSC therapy, with a more pronounced improvement in lung function.

title: Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy attenuated lung and XXXX but not brain damage in experimental @entity12 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7 is the most relevant @entity10 worldwide, and still accounts for 1 million deaths each year. Since current antimalarial drugs are unable to prevent @entity6 in severe cases, new therapeutic strategies have been developed. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) confer host resistance against @entity7 ; however, thus far, no study has evaluated the therapeutic effects of MSC therapy on brain and distal organ damage in experimental @entity12 . METHODS: Forty C57BL/6 @entity3 were injected intraperitoneally with 5   *   10(6) @entity8 -infected erythrocytes or saline. After 24  h, @entity3 received saline or bone marrow (BM)-derived MSC (1x10(5)) intravenously and were housed individually in metabolic cages. After 4  days, lung and kidney morphofunction; cerebrum, spleen, and liver histology; and markers associated with @entity4 , fibrogenesis, and epithelial and endothelial cell damage in lung tissue were analyzed. RESULTS: In @entity8 -infected @entity3 , BM-MSCs: 1) reduced @entity11 and mortality; 2) increased phagocytic neutrophil content in brain, even though BM-MSCs did not affect the inflammatory process; 3) decreased @entity7 pigment detection in spleen, liver, and kidney; 4) reduced hepatocyte derangement, with an increased number of Kupffer cells; 5) @entity2 , without effecting significant changes in serum creatinine levels or urinary flow; and 6) reduced neutrophil infiltration, @entity0 , number of myofibroblasts within interstitial tissue, and collagen deposition in lungs, resulting in decreased lung static elastance. These morphological and functional changes were not associated with changes in levels of @entity1 @entity5 factor-a, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC, a @entity3 analog of @entity9 ), or interferon-y, which remained increased and similar to those of @entity8 animals treated with saline. BM-MSCs increased hepatocyte growth factor but decreased VEGF in the @entity8 group. CONCLUSIONS: BM-MSC treatment increased survival and reduced @entity11 and @entity7 pigment accumulation in spleen, liver, kidney, and lung, but not in brain. The two main organs associated with worse prognosis in @entity7 , lung and kidney, sustained less histological damage after BM-MSC therapy, with a more pronounced improvement in lung function.

title: Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy attenuated lung and @entity2 but not brain damage in experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity12


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of muscle ultrasound for evaluating muscle changes caused by denervation in @entity2 ( @entity2 ), which is a focal @entity1 . METHODS: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of echo intensity (EI) in the thenar and hypothenar muscles were calculated in 35 @entity0 with @entity2 and 11 healthy subjects. @entity0 were assigned to three subgroups based on @entity2 severity as determined by electrodiagnostic tests. The ratio of thenar muscle pixel brightness to hypothenar muscle pixel brightness was used in statistical analyses. The ratio of mean pixel brightness was termed the EI ratio, and the ratio of the SD of pixel brightness was termed the inhomogeneity ratio. RESULTS: Both the EI ratio and the inhomogeneity ratio were significantly higher in the @entity0 group than in the control group. In a comparison of the three @entity0 subgroups, the severe group showed significant differences in both the EI and inhomogeneity ratios compared to the other two groups. Subjects with denervation potential in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) had higher EI and inhomogeneity ratios than subjects without denervation potential in the APB. CONCLUSION: The EI ratio and inhomogeneity ratio are useful variables with which to evaluate disease severity and the presence of denervation in @entity0 with @entity2 . SIGNIFICANCE: Muscle ultrasound has clinical significance in the detection of muscle changes that result from @entity1 .

title: The significance of muscle echo intensity on ultrasound for focal XXXX : The median- to ulnar-innervated muscle echo intensity ratio in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of muscle ultrasound for evaluating muscle changes caused by denervation in @entity2 ( @entity2 ), which is a focal @entity1 . METHODS: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of echo intensity (EI) in the thenar and hypothenar muscles were calculated in 35 @entity0 with @entity2 and 11 healthy subjects. @entity0 were assigned to three subgroups based on @entity2 severity as determined by electrodiagnostic tests. The ratio of thenar muscle pixel brightness to hypothenar muscle pixel brightness was used in statistical analyses. The ratio of mean pixel brightness was termed the EI ratio, and the ratio of the SD of pixel brightness was termed the inhomogeneity ratio. RESULTS: Both the EI ratio and the inhomogeneity ratio were significantly higher in the @entity0 group than in the control group. In a comparison of the three @entity0 subgroups, the severe group showed significant differences in both the EI and inhomogeneity ratios compared to the other two groups. Subjects with denervation potential in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) had higher EI and inhomogeneity ratios than subjects without denervation potential in the APB. CONCLUSION: The EI ratio and inhomogeneity ratio are useful variables with which to evaluate disease severity and the presence of denervation in @entity0 with @entity2 . SIGNIFICANCE: Muscle ultrasound has clinical significance in the detection of muscle changes that result from @entity1 .

title: The significance of muscle echo intensity on ultrasound for focal @entity1 : The median- to ulnar-innervated muscle echo intensity ratio in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In order to assess the effects of @entity5 in the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and the intraabdominal portion of the vas deferens, we examined these organs at 200 consecutive autopsies of African males. Portions of these organs as well as of the bladder, were digested in @entity6 ; the proportion of eggs of @entity7 found in these organs was: seminal vesicles, 54.5%, spermatic duct, 39.9%, and prostate gland, 20.5%. Eggs of @entity3 were rarer in these tissues (bladder, 1%; seminal vesicles, 15.5%; spermatic duct, 8%; and prostate gland, 1%). The mean number of @entity7 eggs/gm of tissue was substantially greater than for @entity4 . To compare the histologic technique with that of digestion of tissue, we studied a further 100 consecutive autopsies--77% showed evidence of @entity5 by 1 or the other method. The bladder was affected in 65%; prostate gland, 21%, seminal vesicle, 70%; and the vas deferens in 42%. The detection of @entity5 was almost as good by the traditional histologic as by the digestion technique. Neither method revealed all @entity2 . The frequency and severity of the lesions in these tissues was studied by standard histologic technique: tissues from the last 100 consecutive cases showed definite inflammatory lesions especially in the seminal vesicles, but less than in the prostate gland. In none, however, was the reaction marked. There was good correlation between the mean number of eggs by the histologic and digestion methods, the exception being the prostate gland. No correlation could be shown between the number of eggs and @entity1 ; only a few eggs may provoke a marked response or the reverse may occur. Eggs were found mainly in the muscle layer of the seminal vesicles, but also in the mucosa and even the lumen. The number of eggs did not vary much with age of infected @entity0 ; however after age 60 the mean number of eggs in the bladder and seminal vesicles dropped markedly.

title: Schistosomiasis of the male pelvic organs. Severity of XXXX as determined by digestion of tissue and histologic methods in 300 cadavers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Four experiments were conducted with growing chicks to study the effects of feeding rye and @entity6 diets supplemented with different @entity2 levels, two types and two levels of fat, and increasing levels of @entity7 and to study the interrelationships of these dietary ingredients on @entity5 performance. In Experiment 1, feed conversion efficiency was reduced to a much greater extend (10% vs. 1%) when tallow replaced @entity4 oil in a rye-based diet containing only .6% @entity2 compared to a @entity6 -based diet. When the dietary @entity2 was increased to 1.1% the replacement of tallow by @entity4 oil resulted in only a small reduction in feed efficiency for chicks fed either the rye-(3%) or @entity6 - (1%) based diets. The retention of fat, particularly tallow, was @entity1 in rye as compared to @entity6 -fed birds. Fat retention was also influenced by @entity2 levels. Increasing the dietary @entity2 from .6 to 1.1% improved tallow (16%) and @entity1 (7%) @entity4 oil retention in rye-based diets, whereas in @entity6 -based diets the retention for both fats was slightly decreased. Experiment 2 showed that the efficiency of utilization of rye diets containing 7.5% tallow was improved by 10% when the level of dietary @entity2 was increased from .6 to 1.1% while the corresponding improvement in similarly formulated @entity6 diets was only 1%. The improvement of 2.5% fat, however, was only about 3% for both @entity6 and rye diets. The results from Experiment 3 showed that in the presence of a large excess of @entity7 , the @entity1 in the efficiency of utilization of the @entity6 diet was 13% but was less than 1% for the rye diet. This indicates that rye contains a factor that depresses @entity7 absorption. In Experiment 4, when dietary @entity2 was increased from .80 to 2.00% or when @entity0 (200 mg/kg) was added, the improvement in efficiency of feed utilization was greater in chicks fed a rye diet (7%) compared to those fed a @entity6 diet (1%). The rye diets, however, were always less efficiently utilized than the corresponding @entity6 diets. @entity3 supplementation, in contrast, did not affect @entity5 performance. These results show that the performance of chicks fed rye diets is markedly influenced by type and level of dietary fat and the level of dietary @entity2 .

title: The utilization of rye by growing chicks as influenced by @entity2 , XXXX , and fat type and level.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Four experiments were conducted with growing chicks to study the effects of feeding rye and @entity6 diets supplemented with different @entity2 levels, two types and two levels of fat, and increasing levels of @entity7 and to study the interrelationships of these dietary ingredients on @entity5 performance. In Experiment 1, feed conversion efficiency was reduced to a much greater extend (10% vs. 1%) when tallow replaced @entity4 oil in a rye-based diet containing only .6% @entity2 compared to a @entity6 -based diet. When the dietary @entity2 was increased to 1.1% the replacement of tallow by @entity4 oil resulted in only a small reduction in feed efficiency for chicks fed either the rye-(3%) or @entity6 - (1%) based diets. The retention of fat, particularly tallow, was @entity1 in rye as compared to @entity6 -fed birds. Fat retention was also influenced by @entity2 levels. Increasing the dietary @entity2 from .6 to 1.1% improved tallow (16%) and @entity1 (7%) @entity4 oil retention in rye-based diets, whereas in @entity6 -based diets the retention for both fats was slightly decreased. Experiment 2 showed that the efficiency of utilization of rye diets containing 7.5% tallow was improved by 10% when the level of dietary @entity2 was increased from .6 to 1.1% while the corresponding improvement in similarly formulated @entity6 diets was only 1%. The improvement of 2.5% fat, however, was only about 3% for both @entity6 and rye diets. The results from Experiment 3 showed that in the presence of a large excess of @entity7 , the @entity1 in the efficiency of utilization of the @entity6 diet was 13% but was less than 1% for the rye diet. This indicates that rye contains a factor that depresses @entity7 absorption. In Experiment 4, when dietary @entity2 was increased from .80 to 2.00% or when @entity0 (200 mg/kg) was added, the improvement in efficiency of feed utilization was greater in chicks fed a rye diet (7%) compared to those fed a @entity6 diet (1%). The rye diets, however, were always less efficiently utilized than the corresponding @entity6 diets. @entity3 supplementation, in contrast, did not affect @entity5 performance. These results show that the performance of chicks fed rye diets is markedly influenced by type and level of dietary fat and the level of dietary @entity2 .

title: The utilization of rye by growing chicks as influenced by XXXX , @entity7 , and fat type and level.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Introduction   @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are unexpected hypermetabolic foci in the parotid region that can be found when scanning with whole-body positron emission/computed tomography (PET/CT). These deposits are most commonly due to benign lesions such as @entity1 . Objective   The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of @entity2 identified in PET/CT scans and to assess the role of smoking in their etiology. Methods   We retrospectively reviewed all PET/CT scans performed at our center in search of @entity2 and identified smoking status and standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in each case. We also analyzed the database of parotidectomies performed in our department in the previous 10 years and focused on the pathologic diagnosis and the presence or absence of smoking in each case. Results   Sixteen cases of @entity2 were found in 4,250 PET/CT scans, accounting for 0.4%. The average SUVmax was 6.5 (range 2.8 to 16). Cytology was performed in five @entity0 ; it was benign in four cases and inconclusive in one case. Thirteen @entity0 had a history of smoking. Of the parotidectomies performed in our center with a diagnosis of @entity1 , we identified a history of smoking in 93.8% of those @entity0 . Conclusions   The prevalence of @entity2 on PET/CT was similar to that reported by other authors. @entity1 is frequently diagnosed among @entity2 on PET/CT, and it has a strong relationship with smoking. We suggest that a diagnosis other than @entity1 should be considered for @entity2 in nonsmokers.

title: Parotid incidentaloma identified by positron emission/computed tomography: when to consider diagnoses other than XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Stem cell transplantation forms an integral part of the treatment for @entity0 . This paper reviews the current role of transplantation and the progress that has been made in order to optimize the success of this therapy. Effective induction chemotherapy is important and a combination regimen incorporating the novel agent @entity1 is now favorable. Adequate induction is a crucial adjunct to stem cell transplantation and in some cases may potentially postpone the need for transplant. Different conditioning agents prior to transplantation have been explored: high-dose melphalan is most commonly used and @entity1 is a promising additional agent. There is no well-defined superior transplantation protocol but single or tandem autologous stem cell transplantations are those most commonly used, with allogeneic transplantation only used in clinical trials. The appropriate timing of transplantation in the treatment plan is a matter of debate. Consolidation and maintenance chemotherapies, particularly @entity2 and @entity1 , aim to improve and prolong disease response to transplantation and delay recurrence. Prognostic factors for the outcome of stem cell transplant in @entity0 have been highlighted. Despite good responses to chemotherapy and transplantation, the problem of disease recurrence persists. Thus, there is still much room for improvement. Treatments which harness the graft-versus- @entity0 effect may offer a potential cure for this disease. Trials of novel agents are underway, including targeted therapies for specific antigens such as vaccines and monoclonal antibodies.

title: Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation as first-line treatment in XXXX : a global perspective of current concepts and future possibilities.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Microenvironmental elements can directly contribute to the induction and the maintenance of @entity1 . @entity2 is the main element in the cell microenvironment and @entity3 can affect the process of tumorigenesis. In response to @entity3 , cells change their pattern and characteristics. These changes suggest that it is not just adaptation, but some sort of cell defense against @entity3 . If @entity3 is corrected, then cell defense mechanisms are interrupted. An examination of the process of tumorigenesis helps to design better therapeutic strategies. A systematic review of the English literature was conducted by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and ISI Web databases for studies on changes that defend and help cells to live in a @entity3 microenvironment. Cells respond to @entity3 by de-differentiation and an increase in @entity5 proteins. Angiogenesis and deviation of inflammatory response in favor of @entity4 and save the @entity2 -starved cells from death. Finally, anti-angiogenic therapies and more @entity3 enhance @entity0 , as @entity1 with low @entity2 concentration are more malignant than @entity1 with high @entity2 concentration. All these enable cells to migrate away from low @entity2 areas and seek a more conducive microenvironment. Therapies that make the microenvironment more @entity3 need to be revised. This has been done for anti-angiogenic therapies, previously considered to be anti- @entity1 approaches. Effective therapies may be correcting therapies which direct the @entity1 microenvironment towards natural physical/chemical condition. Correcting therapies either @entity1 cells to a normal form ( @entity1 cells) or help the immune system to eradicate @entity1 cells which can not be corrected.

title: Tumorigenesis: cell defense against XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: The current study describes novel multifunctional polymer-shelled microbubbles (MBs) loaded with @entity3 (NO) for integrated therapeutic and diagnostic applications (ie, theranostics) of @entity2 . We used gas-filled MBs with an average diameter of 4  m stabilized by a biocompatible shell of @entity4 . In vitro acoustic tests showed sufficient enhancement of the backscattered power (20 dB) acquired from the MBs' suspension. The values of attenuation coefficient (0.8 dB/cm MHz) and phase velocities (1,517 m/s) were comparable with those reported for the soft tissue. Moreover, polymer MBs demonstrate increased stability compared with clinically approved contrast agents with a @entity1 threshold of about 900 kPa. In vitro chemiluminescence measurements demonstrated that dry powder of NO-loaded MBs releases its gas content in about 2 hours following an exponential decay profile with an exponential time constant equal to 36 minutes. The application of high-power ultrasound pulse (mechanical index =1.2) on the MBs resuspended in saline decreases the exponential time constant from 55 to 4 minutes in air-saturated solution and from 17 to 10 minutes in degassed solution. Thus, ultrasound-triggered release of NO is achieved. @entity0 tests indicate that phagocytosis of the MBs by macrophages starts within 6-8 hours. This is a suitable time for initial diagnostics, treatment, and monitoring of the therapeutic effect using a single injection of the proposed multifunctional MBs.

title: Ultrasound contrast agent loaded with XXXX as a theranostic microdevice.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It was aimed to investigate the frequency of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the intensive care units (ICU), to determine typing of candida to evaluate risk factors associated with @entity6 and mortality, and to evaluate influence of @entity6 on mortality. METHODS: The prospective cohort study was carried out between Jan 1, 2009 and Dec 31, 2010 in ICUs, and the @entity0 were observed with active surveillance. VITEK 2 Compact System (BioMerieux, France) kits were used for the identification of isolates from various clinical samples. RESULTS: A total of 2362 @entity0 had enrolled for 16135 @entity0 -days into the study. During the study, 63 (27,5%) of @entity0 developed 77 episodes of @entity6 were observed. Of the @entity0 ; 54% were male, 46% were female. Duration of hospitalization (OR = 1,03, p = 0,007), @entity3 (OR = 17,93, p = 0,009), and @entity2 (OR = 3,98, p = 0,001) were identified as independent risk factors for @entity6 . The most common @entity1 were bloodstream (53%). 77 of 135 candida strains was isolated as causative pathogens. @entity5 (63,6%) was the most frequent species. Overall mortality rate was 78%. The rates of mortality attributable to @entity6 and @entity4 were 27%, and 18,3% respectively. Species- specific mortality rates of @entity5 and @entity7 were determined as 12%. High APACHE II scores (OR = 1,37; p = 0,002), and the use of central venous catheter (OR = 9,01; p = 0,049) were assigned as independent risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSION: @entity6 is an important problem in our hospital. @entity6 and associated mortality can be prevented by controlling of risk factors. Updating of epidemiological data is required for successful antifungal treatment.

title: A surveillance of nosocomial candida XXXX : epidemiology and influences on mortalty in intensive care units.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Anterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity combined with shaving of the diseased cartilage was used as treatment for @entity3 patellae in 32 knees in 28 consecutive @entity0 and in one @entity0 with @entity3 femoris. The @entity0 were aged 17 to 57 years. One @entity0 had earlier sustained a serious injury to the ligaments of the knee, resulting in instability. All @entity0 except one were unfit for work before the operation. @entity4 was noted in two knees and @entity1 occurred in three legs. The postoperative observation period varied from 8 months to 2 years and 10 months. In one knee the anterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity was not maintained. In lateral radiographs the anterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity in the other knees varied from 10 to 23 mm. The relief from @entity2 obtained by the operative treatment was estimated as good in all knees except three, which were unchanged. All @entity0 became fit for work and/or sport.

title: Anterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity in the treatment of XXXX patellae.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find the frequency of deformity correction, functional outcome and complications of single-stage vertebral column resection in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: The prospective case series was conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, and Aman Hospital, Peshawar, from January 2012 to December 2013, and comprised all @entity0 who underwent single-stage posterior vertebral column resection. Only @entity0 with severe @entity3 of different aetiology that required more than 40 degree correction and who had at least 3-month follow-up were included. Data was processed using SPSS 16. RESULTS: Of the total 18 @entity0 , 11(61.1%) were male and 7(38.9%) were female, with an overall mean age of 28.7  13.6 years (range: 12-60 years). Among them, 8(44.4%) @entity0 had @entity2 , 5(27.8%) had posttraumatic origin, 4(22.2%) had post- @entity1 , while 1(5.6%) had @entity4 . The apex of the deformity was in thoracic spine in 12(66.7%) @entity0 , while in 6(33.3%) @entity0 it was in the lumbar spine. The average pre- and post-operative Cobb's angle was 66.2  18.9 degrees and 18.8  12.8 degrees respectively. Mean correction of deformities was 47.3  13.3 degrees. The mean correction achieved in percentage terms was 73.5  8.6 per cent (range: 56-87%). There were no @entity0 with post-operative deterioration of neurological status. Two (11%) @entity0 underwent re-exploration of the wounds with wash and cultures due to wound discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior vertebral column resection was found to be a very effective method of correction of severe @entity1 in expert hands with acceptable morbidity.

title: Outcome of single stage vertebral column resection in treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) polymorphism in @entity2 after chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood samples from 244 @entity0 treated with CRT for @entity4 were assessed for the role of @entity7 genotype on treatment response and survival. Results: A total of 94 @entity0 were homozygous for the @entity6 388 allele, and 110 were heterozygous and 40 homozygous for the @entity3 388 allele. No significant association was found between the @entity7 genotype and clinicopathological parameters. However, @entity0 carrying the @entity6 388 allele showed a better overall response rate than @entity3 388 carriers (p = 0.038). In addition, @entity6 388 allele @entity0 at an earlier stage showed better @entity5 and PFS than @entity3 388 carriers. Among these, the @entity6 388 allele showed significantly improved @entity5 compared to @entity3 388 carriers in the lymph node (LN) @entity1 group (p = 0.042) compared to the no LN @entity1 group (p = 0.125). However, similar survival outcomes were observed for advanced-stage disease regardless of genotype. Conclusion: This result suggests that the role of @entity7 Gly388 in treatment outcomes differs according to @entity2 stage. It showed a predictive role in the response of @entity2 @entity0 to CRT with a better trend for @entity5 in @entity6 388 than @entity3 388 carriers in the early stages. In particular, LN-positive early-stage @entity0 carrying the @entity6 388 allele showed improved @entity5 compared to those carrying @entity3 388.

title: The Prognostic Significance of XXXX Gly388 Polymorphism in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma after Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: As the comprehensive genomic analysis of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) progresses, novel treatments for this disease need to be explored. With attention to the direct connection between the receptor @entity13 kinases (RTKs) of @entity1 cells and the pharmacological effects of specific inhibitors, we systematically assessed the RTK expressions of high-grade @entity12 of the lung [HGNECs, including @entity2 and @entity3 ( @entity3 )]. @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty-one @entity3 and 61 @entity2 @entity0 who underwent surgical resection were enrolled in this research. As a control group, 202 @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and 122 @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were also analyzed. All the @entity1 were stained with antibodies for 10 RTKs: @entity10 , @entity6 , @entity11 , @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity15 , @entity9 , @entity14 , @entity16 , and @entity17 . RESULTS: The @entity3 and @entity2 @entity0 exhibited similar clinicopathological characteristics. The IHC scores for each RTK were almost equivalent between the @entity3 and @entity2 groups, but they were significantly different from those of the ADC or SQCC groups. In particular, @entity10 was the only RTK that was remarkably expressed in both LCNECs and SCLCs. On the other hand, about 20  % of the HGNEC @entity1 exhibited strongly positive RTK expression, and this rate was similar to those for the ADC and SQCC @entity1 . Intriguingly, strongly positive RTKs were almost mutually exclusive in individual @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared with ADC or SQCC, @entity3 and @entity2 had similar expression profiles for the major RTKs. The exclusive @entity10 positivity observed among HGNECs suggests that @entity10 might be a distinctive RTK in HGNEC.

title: Expression profiling of receptor XXXX kinases in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: a comparative analysis with @entity5 and @entity7 .

answer: @entity13


abstract: BACKGROUND: As the comprehensive genomic analysis of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) progresses, novel treatments for this disease need to be explored. With attention to the direct connection between the receptor @entity13 kinases (RTKs) of @entity1 cells and the pharmacological effects of specific inhibitors, we systematically assessed the RTK expressions of high-grade @entity12 of the lung [HGNECs, including @entity2 and @entity3 ( @entity3 )]. @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty-one @entity3 and 61 @entity2 @entity0 who underwent surgical resection were enrolled in this research. As a control group, 202 @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and 122 @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were also analyzed. All the @entity1 were stained with antibodies for 10 RTKs: @entity10 , @entity6 , @entity11 , @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity15 , @entity9 , @entity14 , @entity16 , and @entity17 . RESULTS: The @entity3 and @entity2 @entity0 exhibited similar clinicopathological characteristics. The IHC scores for each RTK were almost equivalent between the @entity3 and @entity2 groups, but they were significantly different from those of the ADC or SQCC groups. In particular, @entity10 was the only RTK that was remarkably expressed in both LCNECs and SCLCs. On the other hand, about 20  % of the HGNEC @entity1 exhibited strongly positive RTK expression, and this rate was similar to those for the ADC and SQCC @entity1 . Intriguingly, strongly positive RTKs were almost mutually exclusive in individual @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared with ADC or SQCC, @entity3 and @entity2 had similar expression profiles for the major RTKs. The exclusive @entity10 positivity observed among HGNECs suggests that @entity10 might be a distinctive RTK in HGNEC.

title: Expression profiling of receptor @entity13 kinases in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: a comparative analysis with XXXX and @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: As the comprehensive genomic analysis of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) progresses, novel treatments for this disease need to be explored. With attention to the direct connection between the receptor @entity13 kinases (RTKs) of @entity1 cells and the pharmacological effects of specific inhibitors, we systematically assessed the RTK expressions of high-grade @entity12 of the lung [HGNECs, including @entity2 and @entity3 ( @entity3 )]. @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty-one @entity3 and 61 @entity2 @entity0 who underwent surgical resection were enrolled in this research. As a control group, 202 @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and 122 @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were also analyzed. All the @entity1 were stained with antibodies for 10 RTKs: @entity10 , @entity6 , @entity11 , @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity15 , @entity9 , @entity14 , @entity16 , and @entity17 . RESULTS: The @entity3 and @entity2 @entity0 exhibited similar clinicopathological characteristics. The IHC scores for each RTK were almost equivalent between the @entity3 and @entity2 groups, but they were significantly different from those of the ADC or SQCC groups. In particular, @entity10 was the only RTK that was remarkably expressed in both LCNECs and SCLCs. On the other hand, about 20  % of the HGNEC @entity1 exhibited strongly positive RTK expression, and this rate was similar to those for the ADC and SQCC @entity1 . Intriguingly, strongly positive RTKs were almost mutually exclusive in individual @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared with ADC or SQCC, @entity3 and @entity2 had similar expression profiles for the major RTKs. The exclusive @entity10 positivity observed among HGNECs suggests that @entity10 might be a distinctive RTK in HGNEC.

title: Expression profiling of receptor @entity13 kinases in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: a comparative analysis with @entity5 and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3 are recommended as first-line therapy for @entity4 , but drug resistance, especially among @entity5 , is becoming more frequent. We investigated the antifungal susceptibility of @entity10 , @entity8 , and @entity1 against 584 isolates of Candida spp. (bloodstream, other sterile sites) collected from @entity0 admitted to an Italian university hospital between 2000 and 2013. The susceptibility was evaluated using the broth microdilution method according to both the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST EDef 7.2) and the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI M27-A3). The echinocandin susceptibilities were assessed on the basis of the species-specific clinical breakpoints proposed by the EUCAST version 6.1 and CLSI M27-S4 documents. The two methods were comparable by assessing essential agreement (EA), categorical agreement (CA), and Spearman's correlation analysis (rho, r). RESULTS: The modal minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs;  g     mL   (-1)) values by both methods (EUCAST/CLSI) for @entity10 , @entity8 , and @entity1 for each species were, respectively, as follows: @entity2 , 0.03/0.12, 0.016/0.5, and 0.016/0.008; @entity6 complex, 2/1, 2/2, and 2/1; @entity7 , 0.06/0.12, 0.06/0.12, and 0.06/0.12; @entity5 complex, 0.03/0.25, 0.06/0.12, and 0.03/0.06; @entity9 , 2/1, 2/2, and 2/2; and C. krusei, 0.06/0.12, 0.12/0.5, and 0.06/0.12. The overall resistance rates for EUCAST/CLSI were as follows: @entity10 , 2.5/0.9  %; @entity8 , breakpoint not available/3.8  %; @entity1 , 2.7/1.5  %. @entity5 complex was the least susceptible to all three @entity3 , and the percentages of resistant isolates by EUCAST/CLSI were as follows: @entity10 , 13.5/2.7 %; @entity8 , breakpoint not available/16.2  %; @entity1 , 18.9/13.5 %. The overall EA was 93  % for @entity1 , 92  % for @entity10 , and 90  % for @entity8 . The CA was >90  % for all organism-drug combinations with the exception of @entity5 and @entity10 (89  %). Spearman's rho for EUCAST/CLSI was 0.89 (p   <   0.001) for @entity8 , 0.85 (p   <   0.001) for @entity10 , and 0.83 for @entity1 (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Independent of the procedure applied, no alarming resistance to the tested agents was found, although a reduced susceptibility was detected for @entity5 complex. The EUCAST and CLSI methods produce similar MICs, indicating that using one method or the other should not result in susceptibilities different enough to affect treatment decisions.

title: Susceptibility to XXXX of Candida spp. strains isolated in Italy assessed by European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution methods.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: There is a strong medical demand to search for novel, more efficacious and safer than available, analgesics for the treatment of @entity0 . This study investigated antinociceptive activity of intraperitoneally administered 3-[4-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-dihydrofuran-2-one ( @entity4 ) and pregabalin in the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) model of @entity0 in @entity1 and evaluated these drugs' influence on motor coordination. In addition, microscopic examinations of the sciatic nerve were performed to assess, if a surgical method or drug treatment caused changes in the structure of this nerve. Moreover, the alterations of nerve growth factor (NGF) content after drug treatment were assessed. METHODS: Antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activities of @entity4 and pregabalin were assessed in the von Frey and hot plate tests. Motor-impairing properties were evaluated in the rotarod test. Microscopic examinations of the sciatic nerve were performed using electron microscope. In immunohistochemical assays the content of NGF in the sciatic nerve after single or repeated administration of test drugs was assessed. RESULTS: Microscopic examinations of the sciatic nerve revealed ultrastructural changes in nerve fibers indicating for neurodegenerative processes induced by @entity5 . Seven days after @entity5 surgery @entity4 and pregabalin reduced tactile @entity3 in von Frey test (ED50 values were 1.5 and 15.4   mg/kg, respectively). None of the test drugs at dose range 0.5-100   mg/kg induced @entity2 in the rotarod test. In immunohistochemical assays repeated doses of pregabalin and @entity4 elevated NGF content. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 has antiallodynic properties and is an interesting lead structure in the search for novel analgesics used in @entity0 .

title: 3-[4-(3-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-dihydrofuran-2-one and pregabalin attenuate tactile @entity3 in the @entity1 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: There is a strong medical demand to search for novel, more efficacious and safer than available, analgesics for the treatment of @entity0 . This study investigated antinociceptive activity of intraperitoneally administered 3-[4-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-dihydrofuran-2-one ( @entity4 ) and pregabalin in the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) model of @entity0 in @entity1 and evaluated these drugs' influence on motor coordination. In addition, microscopic examinations of the sciatic nerve were performed to assess, if a surgical method or drug treatment caused changes in the structure of this nerve. Moreover, the alterations of nerve growth factor (NGF) content after drug treatment were assessed. METHODS: Antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activities of @entity4 and pregabalin were assessed in the von Frey and hot plate tests. Motor-impairing properties were evaluated in the rotarod test. Microscopic examinations of the sciatic nerve were performed using electron microscope. In immunohistochemical assays the content of NGF in the sciatic nerve after single or repeated administration of test drugs was assessed. RESULTS: Microscopic examinations of the sciatic nerve revealed ultrastructural changes in nerve fibers indicating for neurodegenerative processes induced by @entity5 . Seven days after @entity5 surgery @entity4 and pregabalin reduced tactile @entity3 in von Frey test (ED50 values were 1.5 and 15.4   mg/kg, respectively). None of the test drugs at dose range 0.5-100   mg/kg induced @entity2 in the rotarod test. In immunohistochemical assays repeated doses of pregabalin and @entity4 elevated NGF content. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 has antiallodynic properties and is an interesting lead structure in the search for novel analgesics used in @entity0 .

title: 3-[4-(3-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-dihydrofuran-2-one and pregabalin attenuate tactile XXXX in the @entity1 model of @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: There is a strong medical demand to search for novel, more efficacious and safer than available, analgesics for the treatment of @entity0 . This study investigated antinociceptive activity of intraperitoneally administered 3-[4-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-dihydrofuran-2-one ( @entity4 ) and pregabalin in the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) model of @entity0 in @entity1 and evaluated these drugs' influence on motor coordination. In addition, microscopic examinations of the sciatic nerve were performed to assess, if a surgical method or drug treatment caused changes in the structure of this nerve. Moreover, the alterations of nerve growth factor (NGF) content after drug treatment were assessed. METHODS: Antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activities of @entity4 and pregabalin were assessed in the von Frey and hot plate tests. Motor-impairing properties were evaluated in the rotarod test. Microscopic examinations of the sciatic nerve were performed using electron microscope. In immunohistochemical assays the content of NGF in the sciatic nerve after single or repeated administration of test drugs was assessed. RESULTS: Microscopic examinations of the sciatic nerve revealed ultrastructural changes in nerve fibers indicating for neurodegenerative processes induced by @entity5 . Seven days after @entity5 surgery @entity4 and pregabalin reduced tactile @entity3 in von Frey test (ED50 values were 1.5 and 15.4   mg/kg, respectively). None of the test drugs at dose range 0.5-100   mg/kg induced @entity2 in the rotarod test. In immunohistochemical assays repeated doses of pregabalin and @entity4 elevated NGF content. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 has antiallodynic properties and is an interesting lead structure in the search for novel analgesics used in @entity0 .

title: 3-[4-(3-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-dihydrofuran-2-one and pregabalin attenuate tactile @entity3 in the XXXX model of @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Quinocetone (QCT), a new quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides, has been used as antimicrobial feed additive in China. Potential genotoxicity of QCT was concerned as a public health problem. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of curcumin on QCT-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in @entity0 hepatocyte L02 cells. Cell viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), biomarkers of oxidative stress including @entity2 ( @entity2 ) activity and glutathione (GSH) level were measured. Meanwhile, comet assay and micronucleus assay were carried out to evaluate genotoxicity. The results showed that, compared to the control group, QCT at the concentration ranges of 2-16    g/mL significantly decreased L02 cell viability, which was significantly attenuated with curcumin pretreatment (2.5 and 5    M). In addition, QCT significantly increased cell oxidative stress, characterized by increases of intracellular ROS level, while decreased endogenous antioxidant biomarkers GSH level and @entity2 activity (all p   <   0.05 or 0.01). Curcumin pretreatment significantly attenuated ROS formation, inhibited the decreases of @entity2 activity and GSH level. Furthermore, curcumin significantly reduced QCT-induced DNA fragments and micronuclei formation. These data suggest that curcumin could attenuate QCT-induced @entity1 and genotoxicity in L02 cells, which may be attributed to ROS scavenging and anti-oxidative ability of curcumin. Importantly, consumption of curcumin may be a plausible way to prevent quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides-mediated oxidative stress and genotoxicity in @entity0 or animals.

title: Curcumin attenuates quinocetone-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in XXXX hepatocyte L02 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Hairsamples of domestic and laboratory animals suspected of @entity6 were examined for the presence of dermatophytes. A nutritionally poor base-medium developed by the author was successfully used in the isolation and identification of dermatophytes. Casein-medium supplemented with vitamins and Sabouraud-liquid medium were used in special cases. Dermatophytes were isolated in 36 of 331 samples (10.9%). The dermatophytes recovered were @entity8 : 13 isolates from cat. 4 from @entity2 . 1 from @entity5 ; @entity7 . granulare: 3 isolates from @entity2 , 3 from @entity5 , 2 from @entity4 and 1 from @entity1 ; @entity7 terrestre 1 isolate from @entity2 . Eleven of the 13 feline isolates originated from house @entity3 and the relative frequency was higher among the purebred @entity3 . Two of the cat isolates were connected with @entity0 @entity6 .

title: Studies on fungal flora in hair from domestic and laboratory animals suspected of XXXX . I. Dematophytes.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity4 are emitted by electronic cigarettes due to thermal decomposition of liquid components. Although elevated levels have been reported with new-generation high-power devices, it is unclear whether they are relevant to true exposure of users (vapers) because overheating produces an unpleasant taste, called a dry puff, which vapers learn to avoid. The aim was to evaluate @entity5 emissions at different power levels associated with normal and dry puff conditions. DESIGN: Two customizable atomizers were prepared so that one (A1) had a double wick, resulting in high liquid supply and lower chance of overheating at high power levels, while the other (A2) was a conventional setup (single wick). Experienced vapers took 4-s puffs at 6.5 watts (W), 7.5   W, 9   W and 10   W power levels with both atomizers and were asked to report whether dry puffs were generated. The atomizers were then attached to a smoking machine and aerosol was trapped. SETTING: Clinic office and analytical chemistry laboratory in Greece. @entity0 : Seven experienced vapers. MEASUREMENTS: @entity5 levels were measured in the aerosol. FINDINGS: All vapers identified dry puff conditions at 9   W and 10   W with A2. A1 did not lead to dry puffs at any power level. Minimal amounts of @entity4 per 10 puffs were found at all power levels with A1 (up to 11.3     g for @entity1 , 4.5     g for @entity3 and 1.0     g for @entity6 ) and at 6.5   W and 7.5   W with A2 (up to 3.7     g for @entity1 , 0.8     g for @entity3 and 1.3     g for @entity6 ). The levels were increased by 30 to 250 times in dry puff conditions (up to 344.6     g for @entity1 , 206.3     g for @entity3 and 210.4     g for @entity6 , P   <   0.001), while @entity2 was detected only in dry puff conditions (up to 22.5     g). CONCLUSIONS: Electronic cigarettes produce high levels of @entity5 only in dry puff conditions, in which the liquid overheats, causing a strong unpleasant taste that e-cigarette users detect and avoid. Under normal vaping conditions @entity5 emissions are minimal, even in new-generation high-power e-cigarettes.

title: E-cigarettes generate high levels of XXXX only in 'dry puff' conditions.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Introduction: In @entity1 ( @entity1 ), a decreased inspiratory/total lung capacity ratio ( @entity2 /TLC), is associated with dynamic hyperinflation (DH) and poor exercise capacity. The association to upper extremity force measured by handgrip strength (HGS) and 6 minute walk distance has not been described. We hypothesized that @entity2 /TLC affects muscle strength of upper and lower extremities affecting HGS and the six minute walk test (6MWD) performance. Methods: We prospectively measured lung function, HGS and 6MWD in 27 @entity0 with @entity1 and 12 healthy nonsmoking individuals twice, 1 year apart. The @entity0 were classified according to level of hyperinflation in 2 groups, @entity2 /TLC > or  <= 25%. Results: @entity0 with @entity1 had reduced lung function, static hyperinflation, reduced HGS and 6MWD compared to the controls on both evaluations (p < 0.01). There was a statistically significant deterioration in HGS, @entity2 /TLC and 6MWD after 1 year follow up in the @entity1 compared to the control group (p < 0.001). More hyperinflation ( @entity2 /TLC < .25) was associated with lower HGS and 6MWD (p < 0.001). Changes in @entity2 /TLC correlated with changes in HGS (r = 0.429, p < 0.05). A multivariate analysis determined that @entity2 /TLC was an independent factor associated to HSG and to 6MWD. Conclusion: Handgrip strength and 6MWD are reduced in @entity0 with @entity1 , particularly in @entity0 with hyperinflation with evidence of @entity3 not seen in controls. This suggests that resting hyperinflation may exert a detrimental effect on cardiac function and play a role in the reduced exercise performance in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Longitudinal changes in hand grip strength, hyperinflation and 6-minute walk distance in XXXX @entity0 and a control group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Introduction: In @entity1 ( @entity1 ), a decreased inspiratory/total lung capacity ratio ( @entity2 /TLC), is associated with dynamic hyperinflation (DH) and poor exercise capacity. The association to upper extremity force measured by handgrip strength (HGS) and 6 minute walk distance has not been described. We hypothesized that @entity2 /TLC affects muscle strength of upper and lower extremities affecting HGS and the six minute walk test (6MWD) performance. Methods: We prospectively measured lung function, HGS and 6MWD in 27 @entity0 with @entity1 and 12 healthy nonsmoking individuals twice, 1 year apart. The @entity0 were classified according to level of hyperinflation in 2 groups, @entity2 /TLC > or  <= 25%. Results: @entity0 with @entity1 had reduced lung function, static hyperinflation, reduced HGS and 6MWD compared to the controls on both evaluations (p < 0.01). There was a statistically significant deterioration in HGS, @entity2 /TLC and 6MWD after 1 year follow up in the @entity1 compared to the control group (p < 0.001). More hyperinflation ( @entity2 /TLC < .25) was associated with lower HGS and 6MWD (p < 0.001). Changes in @entity2 /TLC correlated with changes in HGS (r = 0.429, p < 0.05). A multivariate analysis determined that @entity2 /TLC was an independent factor associated to HSG and to 6MWD. Conclusion: Handgrip strength and 6MWD are reduced in @entity0 with @entity1 , particularly in @entity0 with hyperinflation with evidence of @entity3 not seen in controls. This suggests that resting hyperinflation may exert a detrimental effect on cardiac function and play a role in the reduced exercise performance in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Longitudinal changes in hand grip strength, hyperinflation and 6-minute walk distance in @entity1 XXXX and a control group.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In species with a high degree of fission-fusion social dynamics, fusions may trigger social conflict and thus provide an opportunity to identify sources of social tension and mechanisms related to its alleviation. We characterized behavioral and endocrine responses of captive female @entity1 ( @entity1 ) to fusions within a zoo facility designed to simulate naturalistic fission-fusion social dynamics. We compared urinary cortisol levels and frequencies of @entity0 , grooming and socio-sexual interactions between female @entity1 while in stable sub-groups and when one "joiner" was reunited with the "residents" of another sub-group. We hypothesized that fusions would trigger increases in @entity0 and cortisol levels among reunited joiners and resident females. We further predicted that females who face more uncertainty in their social interactions following fusions may use grooming and/or socio-sexual behavior to reduce social tension and @entity0 . The only @entity0 on reunion days occurred between reunited females, but frequencies of @entity0 remained low across non-reunion and reunion days, and there was no effect of fusions on cortisol levels. Fusions did not influence patterns of grooming, but there were increases in socio-sexual solicitations and socio-sexual interactions between joiners and resident females. Joiners who had been separated from residents for longer received the most solicitations, but were also more selective in their acceptance of solicitations and preferred to have socio-sexual interactions with higher-ranking residents. Our results suggest that socio-sexual interactions play a role in reintegrating female @entity1 into social groups following fusions. In addition, females who receive a high number of solicitations are able to gain more control over their socio-sexual interactions and may use socio-sexual interactions for other purposes, such as to enhance their social standing.

title: Welcome Back: Responses of Female XXXX ( @entity1 ) to Fusions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In species with a high degree of fission-fusion social dynamics, fusions may trigger social conflict and thus provide an opportunity to identify sources of social tension and mechanisms related to its alleviation. We characterized behavioral and endocrine responses of captive female @entity1 ( @entity1 ) to fusions within a zoo facility designed to simulate naturalistic fission-fusion social dynamics. We compared urinary cortisol levels and frequencies of @entity0 , grooming and socio-sexual interactions between female @entity1 while in stable sub-groups and when one "joiner" was reunited with the "residents" of another sub-group. We hypothesized that fusions would trigger increases in @entity0 and cortisol levels among reunited joiners and resident females. We further predicted that females who face more uncertainty in their social interactions following fusions may use grooming and/or socio-sexual behavior to reduce social tension and @entity0 . The only @entity0 on reunion days occurred between reunited females, but frequencies of @entity0 remained low across non-reunion and reunion days, and there was no effect of fusions on cortisol levels. Fusions did not influence patterns of grooming, but there were increases in socio-sexual solicitations and socio-sexual interactions between joiners and resident females. Joiners who had been separated from residents for longer received the most solicitations, but were also more selective in their acceptance of solicitations and preferred to have socio-sexual interactions with higher-ranking residents. Our results suggest that socio-sexual interactions play a role in reintegrating female @entity1 into social groups following fusions. In addition, females who receive a high number of solicitations are able to gain more control over their socio-sexual interactions and may use socio-sexual interactions for other purposes, such as to enhance their social standing.

title: Welcome Back: Responses of Female @entity1 ( XXXX ) to Fusions.

answer: @entity1