abstract: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of @entity1 and its relationship to socioeconomic status, knowledge, and awareness among 12-year-old school @entity0 in Quetta, Pakistan. A cross sectional study was conducted among 349 school @entity0 aged 12 years in Quetta, Pakistan. By interviewing @entity0 and questionnaire for parents, socioeconomic status, knowledge, and awareness of @entity1 were collected. @entity1 was examined using Dean's Index and Community @entity1 Index. Prevalence of @entity1 was high (63.6%) among @entity0 with a majority of moderate and mild degree at 32.1% and 27.5%, respectively. The community @entity1 index was 1.6. While most @entity0 and parents had low-to-moderate levels of @entity1 knowledge, the majority of them worried about @entity1 . Most parents (84.8%) were uncertain about the condition of @entity1 in their @entity0 , and 87.4% did not know about @entity1 before. @entity1 was found significantly associated with gender, family income, and parents' awareness (p  <= 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that gender, and parent's awareness significantly predicted @entity0 's @entity1 . Knowledge and basic information regarding @entity1 is lacking in the community. Efforts in dissemination and communication about @entity1 should be increased in order to raise awareness and prevent the @entity1 in Pakistan.

title: DENTAL FLUOROSIS AND ITS RELATION TO SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, PARENTS' KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS AMONG 12-YEAR-OLD SCHOOL XXXX IN QUETTA, PAKISTAN.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the success and failure factors with rib cartilage graft laryngotracheal reconstruction for severe @entity4 for improving the rate of successful decannulation. METHODS: Thirty-six cases with severe @entity4 , received rib cartilage graft for laryngotracheal reconstruction during the last 18 years in our hospital, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Twenty-nine of the 36 @entity0 (80.5%) were successfully decannulated after one procedure. The follow-up time ranged from 1 to 10 years. All of the 29 @entity0 had a stable airway and normal exercise tolerance. The duration of @entity7 was 10 days to one year (average 3 months). Seven @entity0 (19.5%) failed to decannulate. The factors of failure were disturbance of local blood circulation, @entity6 followed rib @entity1 , T-tube injured mucomembrane then became a new @entity4 , and @entity3 for @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Laryngotracheal reconstraction with rib cartilage graft is one of effective method for severe @entity4 . The procedure is relatively simple, and shorter duration of stenting and higher rate of success. The drawbacks of this technique are @entity2 @entity1 easily occurred for isolated cartilage and required additional surgery for the donor sit. The @entity0 with @entity5 or undertaken radiotherapy is contraindications. All the managements, appropriate selection of @entity0 , diligent postoperative care, prevented @entity6 and using T-tube properly, may increase the rate of successful decannulation. PJP].

title: [Rib cartilage graft laryngotracheal reconstruction for severe XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ulinastatin (UTI) and thymosin alpha1 (Ta1) have been investigated for their immunoregulatory properties in @entity0 with severe @entity1 . However, it is unclear whether immunomodulatory therapy using @entity2 ( @entity2 ), UTI alone (UA), or Ta1 alone (TA) improves the disease outcome. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of @entity2 , UA, and TA for the treatment of severe @entity1 . METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were investigated from inception to September 2015. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the treatment of @entity0 with severe @entity1 by @entity2 , UA, and TA were defined as eligible. Data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3, and the RCTs were evaluated by the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0. The quality of the evidence was evaluated according to the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluations (GRADE). RESULTS: Ten articles and 12 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The primary outcome measures indicated that @entity2 was associated with significantly lower 28-day mortality [risk ratio (RR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.57, 0.80), P<0.00001; n = 915; GRADE rating: moderate] and 90-day mortality [RR = 0.75, 95% CI (0.61, 0.93), P = 0.009; n = 547; GRADE rating: moderate]; UA was associated with no significant difference in the 28-day mortality [RR = 0.60, 95% CI (0.30, 1.20), P = 0.15; n = 182; GRADE rating: low], and there was no report on 90-day mortality; TA was associated with significantly lower 28-day mortality [RR = 0.72, 95% CI (0.55, 0.93), P = 0.01; n = 494; GRADE rating: low], but there was no significant difference in the 90-day mortality [RR = 0.84, 95% CI (0.54, 1.31), P = 0.45; n = 91; GRADE rating: very low]. In the secondary outcome measures, there was obvious heterogeneity in the length of the ICU stay and that of the mechanical ventilation, length of the antibiotics and vasopressor use, and 28-day acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of severe @entity1 with @entity2 reduced both the 28-day and the 90-day mortality, whereas treatment with TA reduced only the 28-day mortality. The effects of @entity2 , UA, and TA on ICU stay, mechanical ventilation, antibiotics, and vasopressor use, and 28-day APACHE II scores of septic @entity0 are still unclear. Additional high quality RCTs are needed to define clearly the guidelines for the treatment of severe @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Systematic review, level IV.

title: Ulinastatin and/or Thymosin Alpha1 for Severe XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: identify risk factors for mortality in @entity0 who underwent laparotomy after blunt @entity3 . METHODS: retrospective study, case-control, which were reviewed medical records of blunt @entity1 victims @entity0 undergoing laparotomy, from March 2013 to January 2015, and compared the result of the @entity2 group with the group healed. RESULTS: of 86 @entity0 , 63% were healed, 36% died, and one @entity0 was excluded from the study. Both groups had similar epidemiology and @entity1 mechanism, predominantly young adults males, automobilistic accident. Most cases that evolved to death had hemodynamic instability as laparotomy indication - 61% against 38% in the other group (p=0.02). The presence of solid organ injury was larger in the group of @entity2 - 80% versus 48% (p=0.001) and 61% of them had other associated @entity4 compared to 25% in the other group (p=0.01). Of the @entity0 who died 96% had other serious injuries associated (p=0.0003). @entity0 requiring damage control surgery had a higher mortality rate (p=0.0099). Only one of 18 @entity0 with isolated hollow organ lesion evolved to death (p=0.0001). The mean injury score of TRISS of cured (91.70%) was significantly higher than that of @entity2 (46.3%) (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: the risk factors for mortality were hemodynamic instability as an indication for laparotomy, presence of solid organ injury, multiple intra-abdominal injuries, need for damage control surgery, serious injury association and low index of @entity1 score.

title: Risk factors for mortality in blunt XXXX with surgical approach.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Experimental chemotherapies for 15 @entity0 @entity1 xenografted into @entity2 were performed using 14 anticancer agents including 6 drugs in clinical use. Treatment with each single agent was performed for every @entity1 line using the maximum tolerated dose through continuous daily (antimetabolites) or intermittent (cytocidal agents) schedules. Effectiveness of each drug was evaluated by inhibition rate (IR) calculated from mean @entity1 weights of both treated and untreated groups. Response to a treatment was judged as effective when the IR was higher than 58%. Response rate of each drug was as follows; @entity3 was 67%, UFT 67%, CPA 47%, @entity4 40%, ACNU 33%, ADR 27%, SOAz 87%, 5'-DFUR 80%, MXT 20%, @entity5 17%, M-83 17%, CAM 0% and GANU 0%. Generally, the experimental results for each drug on the xenografts was in good accordance with the known clinical effect of each drug on the same type of @entity1 . On the other hand, individual @entity1 xenografts showed considerable differences in chemosensitivity. Some @entity1 were sensitive to a majority of the drugs, whereas some were resistant to many of them. Each @entity1 line seemed to retain individuality in its spectrum of chemosensitivity irrespective of whether it originated from the same organ or whether it was of similar histologic type. This fact suggests the necessity of selecting drugs effective to the individual @entity1 when considering a @entity0 chemotherapy regime.

title: [Chemosensitivity of XXXX gastrointestinal and breast cancer xenografts in @entity2 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Experimental chemotherapies for 15 @entity0 @entity1 xenografted into @entity2 were performed using 14 anticancer agents including 6 drugs in clinical use. Treatment with each single agent was performed for every @entity1 line using the maximum tolerated dose through continuous daily (antimetabolites) or intermittent (cytocidal agents) schedules. Effectiveness of each drug was evaluated by inhibition rate (IR) calculated from mean @entity1 weights of both treated and untreated groups. Response to a treatment was judged as effective when the IR was higher than 58%. Response rate of each drug was as follows; @entity3 was 67%, UFT 67%, CPA 47%, @entity4 40%, ACNU 33%, ADR 27%, SOAz 87%, 5'-DFUR 80%, MXT 20%, @entity5 17%, M-83 17%, CAM 0% and GANU 0%. Generally, the experimental results for each drug on the xenografts was in good accordance with the known clinical effect of each drug on the same type of @entity1 . On the other hand, individual @entity1 xenografts showed considerable differences in chemosensitivity. Some @entity1 were sensitive to a majority of the drugs, whereas some were resistant to many of them. Each @entity1 line seemed to retain individuality in its spectrum of chemosensitivity irrespective of whether it originated from the same organ or whether it was of similar histologic type. This fact suggests the necessity of selecting drugs effective to the individual @entity1 when considering a @entity0 chemotherapy regime.

title: [Chemosensitivity of @entity0 gastrointestinal and breast cancer xenografts in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The right atrium differs from the left ventricle in two respects during @entity3 : a higher proportion of noncoronary collateral flow is delivered to the right atrium, and the atrium is frequently excluded from topical ice cooling because of its higher position relative to the left ventricle. These factors result in early rewarming of @entity2 . To the best of our knowledge, the surgical literature contains no reports on whether @entity4 can provide better atrial myocardial preservation than electrolyte cardioplegia. Twenty consecutive @entity0 who underwent cardiac operations were randomly selected to receive @entity4 (Group 1) or electrolyte cardioplegia (Group 2). @entity5 was achieved by systemic cooling and continuous topical cooling with ice slush. Stereological morphometric study of mitochondria was performed on 40 biopsy specimens taken from the right atrium prior to aortic cross-clamping (preischemia) and at the end of @entity1 . In Group 1, total aortic cross-clamp time was 72.8 +/- 32.5 minutes. The mean mitochondrial surface area before @entity1 was 0.224 +/- 0.032 mu 2 and after @entity1 , 0.336 +/- 0.032 mu 2, a 50.0% increase in mitochondrial size. In Group 2, total aortic cross-clamp time was 69.7 +/- 30.9 minutes. The mean mitochondrial surface area before @entity1 was 0.205 +/- 0.025 mu 2 and after @entity1 , 0.439 +/- 0.111 mu 2, an average increase in mitochondrial size of 114.2%. There was no significant difference between the two groups in mitochondrial size before @entity1 . However, after @entity1 the mean mitochondrial surface areas were significantly different (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity4 to electrolyte cardioplegia on the effectiveness of preservation of right XXXX : mitochondrial morphometric study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The right atrium differs from the left ventricle in two respects during @entity3 : a higher proportion of noncoronary collateral flow is delivered to the right atrium, and the atrium is frequently excluded from topical ice cooling because of its higher position relative to the left ventricle. These factors result in early rewarming of @entity2 . To the best of our knowledge, the surgical literature contains no reports on whether @entity4 can provide better atrial myocardial preservation than electrolyte cardioplegia. Twenty consecutive @entity0 who underwent cardiac operations were randomly selected to receive @entity4 (Group 1) or electrolyte cardioplegia (Group 2). @entity5 was achieved by systemic cooling and continuous topical cooling with ice slush. Stereological morphometric study of mitochondria was performed on 40 biopsy specimens taken from the right atrium prior to aortic cross-clamping (preischemia) and at the end of @entity1 . In Group 1, total aortic cross-clamp time was 72.8 +/- 32.5 minutes. The mean mitochondrial surface area before @entity1 was 0.224 +/- 0.032 mu 2 and after @entity1 , 0.336 +/- 0.032 mu 2, a 50.0% increase in mitochondrial size. In Group 2, total aortic cross-clamp time was 69.7 +/- 30.9 minutes. The mean mitochondrial surface area before @entity1 was 0.205 +/- 0.025 mu 2 and after @entity1 , 0.439 +/- 0.111 mu 2, an average increase in mitochondrial size of 114.2%. There was no significant difference between the two groups in mitochondrial size before @entity1 . However, after @entity1 the mean mitochondrial surface areas were significantly different (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX to electrolyte cardioplegia on the effectiveness of preservation of right @entity2 : mitochondrial morphometric study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The irreversible transformation of @entity2 into @entity1 is catalysed by cytochrome P450 aromatase. In the present study, we explored the contribution of the (TTTA)(n) polymorphism in the aromatase gene ( @entity3 ) to sperm concentration and motility. Ninety normozoospermic and 60 oligospermic @entity0 were examined during infertility examinations. DNA was extracted from spermatozoa, and the @entity3 (TTTA)(n) polymorphism was genotyped by PCR. Genotype analysis revealed six @entity3 (TTTA)(n) alleles with 7-12 repeats. The allelic distribution of the @entity3 (TTTA)(n) polymorphism differed between normozoospermic and oligospermic @entity0 (P<0.01). Oligospermic @entity0 less frequently had long @entity3 alleles than did normozoospermic @entity0 (25 and 37.8%, respectively; P<0.02). The higher frequency of short @entity3 alleles in oligospermic @entity0 compared to normozoospermic @entity0 (43.3 and 28.3%, respectively; P<0.01) was primarily due to the distribution of the @entity3 (TTTA)(7) allele. The @entity3 (TTTA)(7) allele was associated with lower sperm concentration in normozoospermic @entity0 (P<0.01) and in the total study population (P<0.01); it was also associated with lower sperm motility in normozoospermic @entity0 (P<0.05) and in the total study population (P<0.01). In conclusion, the @entity3 (TTTA)(7) allele probably impairs aromatase activity, which in turn alters aromatase and @entity1 levels in the testis, leading to decreased sperm concentration and motility. These findings support the significance of cytochrome P450 aromatase in @entity0 spermatogenesis and consequently in semen quality.

title: The association of aromatase ( XXXX ) gene variants with sperm concentration and motility.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of the cervical lymph node @entity1 in negative node with clinically @entity2 @entity0 and decide which level should be dissected reasonably. METHODS: 57 modified neck dissection (MND) cases in the cN0 with @entity2 were performed. Each lymph node in the 57 (63 sides) MND samples was studied pathologically in order to define the level of the lymph node @entity1 . RESULTS: 1,877 lymph nodes were obtained in these MND samples; an average of 29.8 lymph nodes was obtained in one side. Among them 43 lymph nodes were @entity1 nodes and 41 lymph nodes were located in the II, III level, 95.4% of @entity1 cases. 15 cases (17 sides) in the 57 @entity0 were @entity1 (26.3%) and 14 cases of them were in the level of II and III (93.3%). Ipsilateral cervical recurrence occurred in the 3 of 57 cases in the II, III and IV level respectively. The recurrent rate was 5.3%, and 5-year survival rate was 80.7%. CONCLUSION: II and III levels should be dissected in the @entity2 with cN0 and IV level should be included when III level was involved. I and V levels should not be included when the evidence of @entity1 is not enough.

title: [Level choice of the neck dissection in clinical N0 @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of the cervical lymph node @entity1 in negative node with clinically @entity2 @entity0 and decide which level should be dissected reasonably. METHODS: 57 modified neck dissection (MND) cases in the cN0 with @entity2 were performed. Each lymph node in the 57 (63 sides) MND samples was studied pathologically in order to define the level of the lymph node @entity1 . RESULTS: 1,877 lymph nodes were obtained in these MND samples; an average of 29.8 lymph nodes was obtained in one side. Among them 43 lymph nodes were @entity1 nodes and 41 lymph nodes were located in the II, III level, 95.4% of @entity1 cases. 15 cases (17 sides) in the 57 @entity0 were @entity1 (26.3%) and 14 cases of them were in the level of II and III (93.3%). Ipsilateral cervical recurrence occurred in the 3 of 57 cases in the II, III and IV level respectively. The recurrent rate was 5.3%, and 5-year survival rate was 80.7%. CONCLUSION: II and III levels should be dissected in the @entity2 with cN0 and IV level should be included when III level was involved. I and V levels should not be included when the evidence of @entity1 is not enough.

title: [Level choice of the neck dissection in clinical N0 XXXX with @entity2 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This procedure was designed to eradicate the advanced @entity2 while preserving the laryngeal physiologic function. The indications and contraindications for the operation were also discussed and evaluated in this paper. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity0 with advanced @entity1 underwent this procedure during the period from 1988 through 1996 in our department. All of the @entity0 were not amenable to conventional partial horizontal and vertical laryngectomies. In those @entity0 , there were 9 supraglottic cancers, 10 @entity1 . Among them, 16 cases had stage T2 lesions and 5 cases had stage T3 lesions. In this procedure, the hyoid and thyroid cartilages were excised in toto, along with both @entity6 , paraglottic space as well as the partial or total epiglottis and the whole preepiglottic space. The cricoid cartilage and at least one arytenoid cartilage were spared. The new larynx was reconstructed by suturing the cricoid and/or epiglottis to the base of the tongue. RESULTS: Of 21 @entity0 , 95% were able to eat normally without @entity4 , 90% were decannulated with near normal speech function. In two @entity0 , the tracheotomy tube was reserved, one developed a @entity3 , and another had recurrent @entity5 . No @entity0 experienced local recurrence. Nineteen @entity0 were followed up for at least 3 years, 13 @entity0 achieved 5 years @entity1 -free survival. CONCLUSION: The term supracricoid subtotal laryngectomy best describes the surgical approach and the reconstruction model of the new larynx. As a useful alternative to total laryngectomy in selected advanced @entity1 , this procedure may greatly improve the quality of life and prolong the life without recurrence.

title: [Supracricoid subtotal laryngectomy for the treatment of advanced XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: P1 is a robust positivity at a latency of 50-150 msec in the auditory evoked potential of young @entity0 . It has been reported that over the first 2-3 years of life, there is a rapid decrease of the latency and the mean P1 latency in adults with normal hearing is approximately 60 msec. This study was designed to evaluate the change of the P1 latency in Koreans with normal hearing according to age and to compare this with the P1 latency of young @entity0 with profound @entity1 before and/or after cochlear implantation. METHODS: Among the @entity0 who visited the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Seoul National University Hospital from June 2007 to September 2009, the P1 response was recorded in 53 @entity0 in the normal hearing group, in 13 @entity0 in the pre-cochlear implantation (CI) group and in 10 @entity0 in the post-CI group. A synthesized consonant-vowel syllable /ba/ was used to elicit the evoked responses. The evoked responses were collected using the center of the frontal head. For each subject, an individual grand average waveform was computed by averaging the ten recordings. The P1 latency was visually identified as a robust positivity in the waveform. RESULTS: For the normal hearing group, the P1 latency showed the pattern of shortening as the age increased (coefficient, -0.758; P<0.001). For the pre-CI group, 10 cases showed delayed latencies and 3 cases did not show the P1 wave. For the post-CI group, the P1 latencies showed a less delayed tendency than those of the pre-CI group, but this was not statistically different. CONCLUSION: This report provides the standard value of the P1 latency at each age in Koreans for the first time and the findings support that the maturation of the central auditory pathways could be measured objectively using the P1 latency.

title: Analysis of p1 latency in normal hearing and profound XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The life expectancy of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) type I is generally considered to be less than 2 years. Recently, with the introduction of proactive treatments, a longer survival and an improved survival rate have been reported. In this study, we analyzed the natural courses and survival statistics of @entity1 @entity0 and compared the clinical characteristics of the @entity0 based on their survival periods. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 14 pediatric @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 during a 9-year period. We examined the demographic and clinical characteristics of these @entity0 , calculated their survival probabilities, and plotted survival curves as on the censoring date, January 1, 2010. We also compared the characteristics of the @entity0 who died before the age of 24 months (early-death, ED group) and those who survived for 24 months or longer (long-survival, LS group). RESULTS: The mean survival time was 22.8  2.0 months. The survival probabilities at 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, and 30 months were 92.9%, 92.9%, 76.0%, 76.0%, and 65.1%, respectively. Birth weight was the only factor that showed a statistically significant difference between the ED and LS groups (P=0.048). CONCLUSION: In this study, the survival probabilities at 2 years were far greater than expected. Because of the limited number of @entity0 and information in this study, the contribution of improved supportive care on longer survival could not be clarified; this may be elucidated in larger cohort studies.

title: Survival analysis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in treating spherical @entity3 using the VISX STAR S2 excimer laser. INTERVENTION: Fifteen consecutive eyes of 15 @entity0 underwent PRK, and 16 consecutive eyes of 16 @entity0 underwent LASIK (follow-up: 12 months). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity2 , uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), deviation from intended correction, and loss of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA). RESULTS: Mean preoperative spherical equivalent was + 2.18 diopter [D] for PRK and + 2.03D for LASIK. All PRK @entity0 experienced significant @entity2 that required systemic medication, whereas LASIK @entity0 had minor and transient discomfort. Mean deviation from intended correction was -0.83D, + 0.01D, and + 0.18D at 1, 6, and 12 months after PRK, and + 0.22D, +0.30D, and + 0.40D at 1, 6, and 12 months after LASIK (P = 0.002 at 1 month). A higher proportion of LASIK eyes had a UCVA of 20/20 or better at all time points (P = 0.013 and 0.025 at 1 and 3 months, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups in BSCVA loss. CONCLUSIONS: LASIK and PRK are comparable in efficacy and safety. However, PRK was more @entity1 , with an initial and temporary myopic over-correction that did not occur after LASIK. Stability was achieved between 3 and 6 months following PRK, and one month following LASIK.

title: Photorefractive keratectomy versus laser in situ keratomileusis for the treatment of spherical XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment of advanced @entity5 . METHODS: Eight @entity0 with @entity2 underwent resections combining mandibular ramus and oral cavity approaches, neck dissection and one-stage repair of the defect with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PM). The managements were supplemented with preoperative chemotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy. RESULTS: Following up 3 to 9 years, 6 of 8 cases(75%) survived for more than 3 years. Two of 8 cases (25%) died of different causes postoperatively. One case died of serious @entity4 resulted from radio-mandibulomyelitis 3 months after operation, and the other case died of @entity3 2 years after operation. Two cases complicated radio-mandibulomyelitis. Two cases suffered from temporary regurgitation of food to the nasal chamber. CONCLUSIONS: Through this combined approach, the @entity2 could be resected en bloc under direct visual field and keeping 1-1.5 cm safe margin to the @entity1 . Neck dissection, preoperative chemotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy were supplemental measures. Combined therapy was of great significance in reducing recurrence of the @entity1 . PM was usually survived and easily obtained, hence, suitable for repairing the pharyngeal defect.

title: [Combined therapy of advanced XXXX and one-stage repair of the defect].

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: This study is aimed to evaluate the role of 14% nonexpansile concentration of @entity7 ( @entity8 ) gas in the management of acute @entity1 in @entity4 . DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative, interventional case series. @entity0 AND CONTROLS: The study group consisted of 62 eyes of 57 @entity0 and the control group included 90 eyes of 82 @entity0 with acute corneal @entity1 who presented within 30 days of onset of symptoms. INTERVENTION: @entity0 in the control group underwent a single intracameral injection of 0.1 mL of nonexpansile concentration (14%) of @entity8 gas. @entity0 in the control group were treated conservatively. @entity0 in both groups were followed regularly for 12.6  7.7 and 13.4  8.3 months in the study and control groups, respectively, and assessed clinically for complete disappearance of epithelial and stromal @entity1 on slit-lamp biomicroscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was mean time to resolution of @entity5 , which was calculated both from the date of onset of @entity1 and the date of initiation of therapy to the date of resolution in days. RESULTS: The overall time to resolution both from the date of onset of symptoms (90.5  55.8 vs 125  68.9 days; P = 0.0005) and from the date of initiation of therapy (78.7  53.2 vs 117.9  68.2 days; P = 0.0001) was significantly lower in the study group compared with the control group. However, on subgroup analysis a significant difference in the resolution time was found only in eyes with @entity6 (P<0.0001). No difference in the resolution time was seen in eyes with pellucid marginal @entity2 (PMCD) or keratoglobus. The main complication of this procedure was reversible @entity3 (16%; P<0.0001). There was no difference in the final visual acuity or endothelial cell counts between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intracameral @entity8 gas in a nonexpansile concentration is a useful modality for faster resolution of @entity5 in @entity0 with acute corneal @entity1 and @entity6 , and its role in the treatment of PMCD and keratoglobus needs further evaluation.

title: Intracameral XXXX gas in the treatment of acute corneal @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: This study is aimed to evaluate the role of 14% nonexpansile concentration of @entity7 ( @entity8 ) gas in the management of acute @entity1 in @entity4 . DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative, interventional case series. @entity0 AND CONTROLS: The study group consisted of 62 eyes of 57 @entity0 and the control group included 90 eyes of 82 @entity0 with acute corneal @entity1 who presented within 30 days of onset of symptoms. INTERVENTION: @entity0 in the control group underwent a single intracameral injection of 0.1 mL of nonexpansile concentration (14%) of @entity8 gas. @entity0 in the control group were treated conservatively. @entity0 in both groups were followed regularly for 12.6  7.7 and 13.4  8.3 months in the study and control groups, respectively, and assessed clinically for complete disappearance of epithelial and stromal @entity1 on slit-lamp biomicroscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was mean time to resolution of @entity5 , which was calculated both from the date of onset of @entity1 and the date of initiation of therapy to the date of resolution in days. RESULTS: The overall time to resolution both from the date of onset of symptoms (90.5  55.8 vs 125  68.9 days; P = 0.0005) and from the date of initiation of therapy (78.7  53.2 vs 117.9  68.2 days; P = 0.0001) was significantly lower in the study group compared with the control group. However, on subgroup analysis a significant difference in the resolution time was found only in eyes with @entity6 (P<0.0001). No difference in the resolution time was seen in eyes with pellucid marginal @entity2 (PMCD) or keratoglobus. The main complication of this procedure was reversible @entity3 (16%; P<0.0001). There was no difference in the final visual acuity or endothelial cell counts between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intracameral @entity8 gas in a nonexpansile concentration is a useful modality for faster resolution of @entity5 in @entity0 with acute corneal @entity1 and @entity6 , and its role in the treatment of PMCD and keratoglobus needs further evaluation.

title: Intracameral @entity7 gas in the treatment of acute corneal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The frictional properties of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) brushes grown from planar @entity4 surfaces by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) have been characterized using in situ friction force microscopy (FFM). The dry thicknesses of the PMPC brushes ranged from 20 to 421 nm. For brush layers with dry thicknesses greater than ca. 100 nm, the coefficient of friction decreased with increasing film thickness. For shorter brushes, the coefficient of friction varied little with brush thickness. We hypothesize that the amount of bound solvent increases as the brush length increases, causing the osmotic pressure to increase and yielding a reduced tendency for the brush layer to deform under applied load. A comparison of the force-displacement plots acquired for various PMPC brushes under water supports this hypothesis, since a greater repulsive force is measured for thicker brushes. FFM was also used to investigate the well-known co-nonsolvency behavior exhibited by PMPC chains. For a PMPC brush layer of 307 nm dry thickness, the friction force was determined as a function of the volume fraction of @entity0 in @entity0 /water mixtures. Unlike a previous macroscopic study, a significant increase in the coefficient of friction was observed for @entity2 /water mixtures at a volume fraction of 90%. This is attributed to brush collapse due to co-nonsolvency, leading to loss of hydration of the brush chains and hence substantially reduced lubrication. Force measurements normal to the surface indicate much greater hysteresis between approaching and retraction curves under co-nonsolvency conditions. However, no such effect was observed for @entity3 /water and @entity1 /water mixtures over a wide range of volume fractions, in agreement with recent ellipsometric studies of PMPC brushes.

title: Effect of brush thickness and solvent composition on the friction force response of XXXX brushes.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Consumption of @entity1 and @entity2 are influenced by many factors that require regular epidemiological assessments. As such, the study of a hospital population seems all the more relevant it can help to better identify @entity0 at risk and tailor addiction interventions. OBJECTIVES: Determine the prevalence of risky @entity1 use and @entity2 use among hospitalized @entity0 in order to propose to the scale of a General Hospital (CHG), algorithms of interventions with these @entity0 . The secondary objective was the analysis socio-demographic determinants of these @entity0 . METHODS: A descriptive study on any given day was done. Regarding @entity2 use, @entity0 were classified as "smoking", "no smoking" and "ex smoker". Regarding @entity1 consumption, test DETA and AUDIT Court were able to classify @entity0 into "consumer risk", "user without risk" and "non user". RESULTS: Hence, 20.5% of @entity0 reported smoking and 23% of @entity0 were classified as having a risky @entity1 use. CONCLUSION: Given the importance of prevalence, it appears necessary to improve activity-tracking consumption of @entity2 and @entity1 at the hospital. To this end, we propose decision algorithms to better differentiate what is a matter of allowing the @entity0 service (tracking and consultants), which may fall to a strategy of specialized care.

title: [Consumption of XXXX and @entity2 remain high in hospital population].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Consumption of @entity1 and @entity2 are influenced by many factors that require regular epidemiological assessments. As such, the study of a hospital population seems all the more relevant it can help to better identify @entity0 at risk and tailor addiction interventions. OBJECTIVES: Determine the prevalence of risky @entity1 use and @entity2 use among hospitalized @entity0 in order to propose to the scale of a General Hospital (CHG), algorithms of interventions with these @entity0 . The secondary objective was the analysis socio-demographic determinants of these @entity0 . METHODS: A descriptive study on any given day was done. Regarding @entity2 use, @entity0 were classified as "smoking", "no smoking" and "ex smoker". Regarding @entity1 consumption, test DETA and AUDIT Court were able to classify @entity0 into "consumer risk", "user without risk" and "non user". RESULTS: Hence, 20.5% of @entity0 reported smoking and 23% of @entity0 were classified as having a risky @entity1 use. CONCLUSION: Given the importance of prevalence, it appears necessary to improve activity-tracking consumption of @entity2 and @entity1 at the hospital. To this end, we propose decision algorithms to better differentiate what is a matter of allowing the @entity0 service (tracking and consultants), which may fall to a strategy of specialized care.

title: [Consumption of @entity1 and XXXX remain high in hospital population].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota is thought to play a key role in the development of the inflammatory bowel diseases @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Shifts in the composition of resident bacteria have been postulated to drive the @entity4 seen in both diseases (the " @entity5 " hypothesis). We therefore specifically sought to compare the mucosa-associated microbiota from both inflamed and non-inflamed sites of the colon in @entity2 and @entity3 @entity0 to that from non- @entity6 controls and to detect disease-specific profiles. RESULTS: Paired mucosal biopsies of inflamed and non-inflamed intestinal tissue from 6 @entity2 (n = 12) and 6 @entity3 (n = 12) @entity0 were compared to biopsies from 5 healthy controls (n = 5) by in-depth sequencing of over 10,000 near full-length bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The results indicate that mucosal microbial diversity is reduced in @entity6 , particularly in @entity2 , and that the species composition is disturbed. Firmicutes were reduced in @entity6 samples and there were concurrent increases in Bacteroidetes, and in @entity2 only, Enterobacteriaceae. There were also significant differences in microbial community structure between inflamed and non-inflamed mucosal sites. However, these differences varied greatly between individuals, meaning there was no obvious bacterial signature that was positively associated with the inflamed gut. CONCLUSIONS: These results may support the hypothesis that the overall @entity5 observed in @entity1 @entity0 relative to non- @entity6 controls might to some extent be a result of the disturbed gut environment rather than the direct cause of disease. Nonetheless, the observed shifts in microbiota composition may be important factors in disease maintenance and severity.

title: High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals XXXX and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota is thought to play a key role in the development of the inflammatory bowel diseases @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Shifts in the composition of resident bacteria have been postulated to drive the @entity4 seen in both diseases (the " @entity5 " hypothesis). We therefore specifically sought to compare the mucosa-associated microbiota from both inflamed and non-inflamed sites of the colon in @entity2 and @entity3 @entity0 to that from non- @entity6 controls and to detect disease-specific profiles. RESULTS: Paired mucosal biopsies of inflamed and non-inflamed intestinal tissue from 6 @entity2 (n = 12) and 6 @entity3 (n = 12) @entity0 were compared to biopsies from 5 healthy controls (n = 5) by in-depth sequencing of over 10,000 near full-length bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The results indicate that mucosal microbial diversity is reduced in @entity6 , particularly in @entity2 , and that the species composition is disturbed. Firmicutes were reduced in @entity6 samples and there were concurrent increases in Bacteroidetes, and in @entity2 only, Enterobacteriaceae. There were also significant differences in microbial community structure between inflamed and non-inflamed mucosal sites. However, these differences varied greatly between individuals, meaning there was no obvious bacterial signature that was positively associated with the inflamed gut. CONCLUSIONS: These results may support the hypothesis that the overall @entity5 observed in @entity1 @entity0 relative to non- @entity6 controls might to some extent be a result of the disturbed gut environment rather than the direct cause of disease. Nonetheless, the observed shifts in microbiota composition may be important factors in disease maintenance and severity.

title: High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals @entity5 and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 - @entity4 stress echocardiography (DASE) is an established test for the diagnosis and risk stratification of @entity0 with @entity3 . @entity4 use to attain target heart rate prolongs test time. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to assess the utility of isometric handgrip exercise (33% maximal voluntary contraction x 4 min) with DASE. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 131 @entity0 undergoing DASE randomized to handgrip exercise or no handgrip. Effect of handgrip exercise on endpoints: time to target heart rate (85% maximum predicted), recovery time, total test time, mean @entity2 and @entity4 dosage, and the number of @entity1 responses were assessed. Effect of current beta-blocker medication use was also evaluated. RESULTS: Heart rate rose more quickly in the handgrip group. At 6-10 min (peak handgrip), mean heart rate rose 51 +/- 14 beats/min in the handgrip group compared with 38 +/- 18 beats/min in the no handgrip group (p < 0.0001). With handgrip, overall @entity2 study time was reduced by a mean of 4.3 min (16.4 +/- 6.9 vs. 20.7 +/- 8.4, p = 0.004) in all @entity0 , and by a mean of 5.9 min in @entity0 not on beta-blocker medication (p = 0.001). The handgrip group also had a lower mean dose of @entity2 (25.8 +/- 13.5 vs. 32.4 +/- 16.4 mg, p = 0.025). The mean @entity4 dose was also lower (0.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.5 mg, p = 0.04). Handgrip exercise, however, did not decrease endpoints in @entity0 on beta-blocker medication. CONCLUSIONS: Use of isometric handgrip exercise with DASE decreases time to target heart rate, recovery time, overall study time, and mean dosage of @entity2 and @entity4 . In @entity0 not on beta-blocker medication, handgrip exercise should be routinely incorporated into all DASE protocols.

title: Isometric handgrip exercise during @entity2 - XXXX stress echocardiography increases heart rate acceleration and decreases study duration and @entity2 and @entity4 dosage.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 - @entity4 stress echocardiography (DASE) is an established test for the diagnosis and risk stratification of @entity0 with @entity3 . @entity4 use to attain target heart rate prolongs test time. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to assess the utility of isometric handgrip exercise (33% maximal voluntary contraction x 4 min) with DASE. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 131 @entity0 undergoing DASE randomized to handgrip exercise or no handgrip. Effect of handgrip exercise on endpoints: time to target heart rate (85% maximum predicted), recovery time, total test time, mean @entity2 and @entity4 dosage, and the number of @entity1 responses were assessed. Effect of current beta-blocker medication use was also evaluated. RESULTS: Heart rate rose more quickly in the handgrip group. At 6-10 min (peak handgrip), mean heart rate rose 51 +/- 14 beats/min in the handgrip group compared with 38 +/- 18 beats/min in the no handgrip group (p < 0.0001). With handgrip, overall @entity2 study time was reduced by a mean of 4.3 min (16.4 +/- 6.9 vs. 20.7 +/- 8.4, p = 0.004) in all @entity0 , and by a mean of 5.9 min in @entity0 not on beta-blocker medication (p = 0.001). The handgrip group also had a lower mean dose of @entity2 (25.8 +/- 13.5 vs. 32.4 +/- 16.4 mg, p = 0.025). The mean @entity4 dose was also lower (0.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.5 mg, p = 0.04). Handgrip exercise, however, did not decrease endpoints in @entity0 on beta-blocker medication. CONCLUSIONS: Use of isometric handgrip exercise with DASE decreases time to target heart rate, recovery time, overall study time, and mean dosage of @entity2 and @entity4 . In @entity0 not on beta-blocker medication, handgrip exercise should be routinely incorporated into all DASE protocols.

title: Isometric handgrip exercise during @entity2 - @entity4 stress echocardiography increases heart rate acceleration and decreases study duration and @entity2 and XXXX dosage.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 - @entity4 stress echocardiography (DASE) is an established test for the diagnosis and risk stratification of @entity0 with @entity3 . @entity4 use to attain target heart rate prolongs test time. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to assess the utility of isometric handgrip exercise (33% maximal voluntary contraction x 4 min) with DASE. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 131 @entity0 undergoing DASE randomized to handgrip exercise or no handgrip. Effect of handgrip exercise on endpoints: time to target heart rate (85% maximum predicted), recovery time, total test time, mean @entity2 and @entity4 dosage, and the number of @entity1 responses were assessed. Effect of current beta-blocker medication use was also evaluated. RESULTS: Heart rate rose more quickly in the handgrip group. At 6-10 min (peak handgrip), mean heart rate rose 51 +/- 14 beats/min in the handgrip group compared with 38 +/- 18 beats/min in the no handgrip group (p < 0.0001). With handgrip, overall @entity2 study time was reduced by a mean of 4.3 min (16.4 +/- 6.9 vs. 20.7 +/- 8.4, p = 0.004) in all @entity0 , and by a mean of 5.9 min in @entity0 not on beta-blocker medication (p = 0.001). The handgrip group also had a lower mean dose of @entity2 (25.8 +/- 13.5 vs. 32.4 +/- 16.4 mg, p = 0.025). The mean @entity4 dose was also lower (0.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.5 mg, p = 0.04). Handgrip exercise, however, did not decrease endpoints in @entity0 on beta-blocker medication. CONCLUSIONS: Use of isometric handgrip exercise with DASE decreases time to target heart rate, recovery time, overall study time, and mean dosage of @entity2 and @entity4 . In @entity0 not on beta-blocker medication, handgrip exercise should be routinely incorporated into all DASE protocols.

title: Isometric handgrip exercise during XXXX - @entity4 stress echocardiography increases heart rate acceleration and decreases study duration and @entity2 and @entity4 dosage.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 - @entity4 stress echocardiography (DASE) is an established test for the diagnosis and risk stratification of @entity0 with @entity3 . @entity4 use to attain target heart rate prolongs test time. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to assess the utility of isometric handgrip exercise (33% maximal voluntary contraction x 4 min) with DASE. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 131 @entity0 undergoing DASE randomized to handgrip exercise or no handgrip. Effect of handgrip exercise on endpoints: time to target heart rate (85% maximum predicted), recovery time, total test time, mean @entity2 and @entity4 dosage, and the number of @entity1 responses were assessed. Effect of current beta-blocker medication use was also evaluated. RESULTS: Heart rate rose more quickly in the handgrip group. At 6-10 min (peak handgrip), mean heart rate rose 51 +/- 14 beats/min in the handgrip group compared with 38 +/- 18 beats/min in the no handgrip group (p < 0.0001). With handgrip, overall @entity2 study time was reduced by a mean of 4.3 min (16.4 +/- 6.9 vs. 20.7 +/- 8.4, p = 0.004) in all @entity0 , and by a mean of 5.9 min in @entity0 not on beta-blocker medication (p = 0.001). The handgrip group also had a lower mean dose of @entity2 (25.8 +/- 13.5 vs. 32.4 +/- 16.4 mg, p = 0.025). The mean @entity4 dose was also lower (0.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.5 mg, p = 0.04). Handgrip exercise, however, did not decrease endpoints in @entity0 on beta-blocker medication. CONCLUSIONS: Use of isometric handgrip exercise with DASE decreases time to target heart rate, recovery time, overall study time, and mean dosage of @entity2 and @entity4 . In @entity0 not on beta-blocker medication, handgrip exercise should be routinely incorporated into all DASE protocols.

title: Isometric handgrip exercise during @entity2 - @entity4 stress echocardiography increases heart rate acceleration and decreases study duration and XXXX and @entity4 dosage.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study examined the impact of prolonged (up to 35 day) exposure to @entity3 on the morphology and function of the retina, in the C57BL/6J @entity1 , as a basis for interpretation of gene expression changes. @entity1 of the C57BL/6J strain were raised from birth in dim cyclic illumination (12  h 5  lux, 12  h dark). Adult animals (90-110 days) were exposed to continuous @entity3 (75% @entity2 ) for up to 35  d. Retinas were examined after 0  d (controls), 3  d, 7  d, 14  d and 35  d. Spatial and temporal patterns of photoreceptor death were mapped, using the TUNEL technique. Immunohistochemistry and a specific assay were used to assess the expression of a stress-related protein ( @entity4 ) and the activity of key antioxidant enzymes (SOD). The dark-adapted flash electroretinogram was used to assess the function of rods and cones. RNA hybridized to Affymetrix Genechips was used to assess gene expression during the first 3  d of exposure. Photoreceptors were stable during the first 7  d exposure to @entity3 , but thereafter showed progressive @entity0 , which began in a 'hot-spot' 0.5  mm inferior to the optic disc, then spread into surrounding retina. SOD activity was upregulated at 14  d, but not at earlier time points. @entity4 expression was upregulated in M  ller cells from 3  d. Rod and cone components of the ERG were supernormal at 3  d and 7  d, but then fell below control levels. Gene expression changes suggested possible mechanisms for this early supernormality of function. At 14  d exposure, damage to and death of photoreceptors were prominent and spreading, and function was correspondingly degraded. However at 3  d exposure, @entity3 -induced supernormal functional responses in rods, while leaving their structure apparently undamaged. Variations in early (3 days) gene expression provide a partial insight into the mechanisms involved in this.

title: Morphological, functional and gene expression analysis of the hyperoxic XXXX retina.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 irradiated and reconstituted with hematopoietic cells lacking manganese @entity4 dismutase ( @entity3 ) show a persistent @entity11 similar to @entity0 @entity6 ( @entity6 ), including characteristic intra-mitochondrial @entity2 deposition. @entity6 is primarily an acquired, @entity5 occurring in individuals over 60 years of age with uncertain etiology. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To define early events in the pathogenesis of this @entity1 model of @entity6 , we compared erythroid differentiation of @entity3   /    and normal bone marrow cells using flow cytometry and gene expression profiling of erythroblasts. The predominant transcriptional differences observed include widespread down-regulation of mitochondrial metabolic pathways and mitochondrial biogenesis. Multiple nuclear encoded subunits of complexes I-IV of the electron transport chain, @entity8 synthase (complex V), @entity9 cycle and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins were coordinately down-regulated in @entity3   /    erythroblasts. Despite @entity2 accumulation within mitochondria, we found increased expression of @entity10 receptor, @entity14 , at both the transcript and protein level in @entity3 deficient cells, suggesting deregulation of @entity2 delivery. Interestingly, there was decreased expression of @entity15 , the gene responsible for @entity13 , a component required for @entity12 cluster biogenesis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results indicate that in erythroblasts, mitochondrial oxidative stress reduces expression of multiple nuclear genes encoding components of the respiratory chain, @entity9 cycle and mitochondrial protein synthesis. An additional target of particular relevance for @entity6 is @entity2 : @entity7 cluster biosynthesis. By decreasing transcription of components of cluster synthesis machinery, both @entity2 utilization and regulation of @entity2 uptake are impacted, contributing to the sideroblastic phenotype.

title: XXXX deficient erythroid cells up-regulate @entity14 and down-regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 irradiated and reconstituted with hematopoietic cells lacking manganese @entity4 dismutase ( @entity3 ) show a persistent @entity11 similar to @entity0 @entity6 ( @entity6 ), including characteristic intra-mitochondrial @entity2 deposition. @entity6 is primarily an acquired, @entity5 occurring in individuals over 60 years of age with uncertain etiology. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To define early events in the pathogenesis of this @entity1 model of @entity6 , we compared erythroid differentiation of @entity3   /    and normal bone marrow cells using flow cytometry and gene expression profiling of erythroblasts. The predominant transcriptional differences observed include widespread down-regulation of mitochondrial metabolic pathways and mitochondrial biogenesis. Multiple nuclear encoded subunits of complexes I-IV of the electron transport chain, @entity8 synthase (complex V), @entity9 cycle and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins were coordinately down-regulated in @entity3   /    erythroblasts. Despite @entity2 accumulation within mitochondria, we found increased expression of @entity10 receptor, @entity14 , at both the transcript and protein level in @entity3 deficient cells, suggesting deregulation of @entity2 delivery. Interestingly, there was decreased expression of @entity15 , the gene responsible for @entity13 , a component required for @entity12 cluster biogenesis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results indicate that in erythroblasts, mitochondrial oxidative stress reduces expression of multiple nuclear genes encoding components of the respiratory chain, @entity9 cycle and mitochondrial protein synthesis. An additional target of particular relevance for @entity6 is @entity2 : @entity7 cluster biosynthesis. By decreasing transcription of components of cluster synthesis machinery, both @entity2 utilization and regulation of @entity2 uptake are impacted, contributing to the sideroblastic phenotype.

title: @entity3 deficient erythroid cells up-regulate XXXX and down-regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism.

answer: @entity14


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overall, @entity0 are less likely than @entity0 to seek health care services for mental health problems, but differences between genders in higher age groups are equivocal. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between gender and the use of @entity1 outpatient specialist services in Norway, both in a general population and in a subpopulation with self-reported @entity3 . METHODS: Using questionnaires from 12,982 @entity0 (30-87 years) in the cross-sectional sixth Troms   Study (2007-8) we estimated proportions reporting @entity3 , and proportions using @entity1 outpatient specialist services in a year. By logistic regressions we studied the association between gender and the use of @entity1 outpatient specialist services. Analyses were adjusted for age, marital status, income, education, self-reported degree of @entity3 , and GP visits last year. Analyses were also performed for genders separately. RESULTS: @entity2 / @entity3 was reported by 21.5 % of @entity0 and 12.3 % of @entity0 in the general population. Visits to @entity1 outpatient services during one year were reported by 4.6 % of @entity0 and 3.3 % of @entity0 . The general population's probability of a visit was significantly lower among @entity0 compared to @entity0 in ages 30-49 years (odds ratio [OR] 0.58, confidence interval [CI] 0.39-0.84, p-value [p]   =   0.004), whereas @entity0 used services slightly more than @entity0 in ages 50 years and over (OR 1.36, CI 1.00-1.83, p   =   0.047). Among those with @entity3 13.5 % of @entity0 and 10.5 % of @entity0 visited @entity1 outpatient services in a year. We found no statistically significant gender differences in the use of services in this subgroup. Other factors associated with services use in @entity0 with @entity3 were higher education, more severe @entity3 , and GP visits the last year, whereas in @entity0 only a more severe @entity3 was associated with @entity1 outpatient visits. Overall, the use of services decreased with higher age. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity0 with self-reported @entity3 did not visit specialist outpatient clinics. This applies in particular to @entity0 aged 30-49 years, older individuals, and individuals with lower education. Gender differences in the use of services in the general population were dependent on age, whereas in the subgroup with @entity3 gender differences were not confirmed.

title: Gender differences in the use of XXXX outpatient specialist services in Troms  , Norway are dependent on age: a population-based cross-sectional survey.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Carriers of @entity11 premutation alleles have 55-200 CGG repeats in the 5' untranslated region of the gene. These individuals are at risk for @entity8 associated primary @entity10 (females) and, in late life, @entity8 associated @entity6 and @entity7 (males, and to a lesser extent, females). Premutation carrier status can also be associated with @entity3 , attention @entity2 , and some @entity4 . In premutation carriers, @entity11 mRNA levels are often higher than those with normal sized alleles. In contrast, in subjects with full mutation alleles, (>200 repeats) the @entity11 gene is silenced and @entity11 mRNA and its product, @entity11 , are absent. We have studied a male knock-in (KI) @entity0 model of the @entity8 premutation (120-140 repeats) during young adulthood. In comparison to wild type, KI @entity0 were hyperactive, exhibited less @entity5 in both the open field and the elevated zero maze, were impaired on the passive avoidance test, and showed some @entity1 on a test of social interaction. Motor learning as assessed by the rotarod test was normal. @entity9 were less complex and spine densities and lengths increased in medial prefrontal cortex, basal lateral amygdala, and hippocampus compared with wild type. Regional rates of cerebral protein synthesis measured in vivo in KI @entity0 were increased. KI @entity0 also had elevated levels of @entity11 mRNA and decreased levels of @entity11 . Our results highlight similarities in phenotype between KI and @entity11 knockout @entity0 and suggest that the decreased concentration of @entity11 contributes to the phenotype in young adult KI @entity0 .

title: A @entity0 model of the XXXX premutation: effects on behavior, dendrite morphology, and regional rates of cerebral protein synthesis.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Carriers of @entity11 premutation alleles have 55-200 CGG repeats in the 5' untranslated region of the gene. These individuals are at risk for @entity8 associated primary @entity10 (females) and, in late life, @entity8 associated @entity6 and @entity7 (males, and to a lesser extent, females). Premutation carrier status can also be associated with @entity3 , attention @entity2 , and some @entity4 . In premutation carriers, @entity11 mRNA levels are often higher than those with normal sized alleles. In contrast, in subjects with full mutation alleles, (>200 repeats) the @entity11 gene is silenced and @entity11 mRNA and its product, @entity11 , are absent. We have studied a male knock-in (KI) @entity0 model of the @entity8 premutation (120-140 repeats) during young adulthood. In comparison to wild type, KI @entity0 were hyperactive, exhibited less @entity5 in both the open field and the elevated zero maze, were impaired on the passive avoidance test, and showed some @entity1 on a test of social interaction. Motor learning as assessed by the rotarod test was normal. @entity9 were less complex and spine densities and lengths increased in medial prefrontal cortex, basal lateral amygdala, and hippocampus compared with wild type. Regional rates of cerebral protein synthesis measured in vivo in KI @entity0 were increased. KI @entity0 also had elevated levels of @entity11 mRNA and decreased levels of @entity11 . Our results highlight similarities in phenotype between KI and @entity11 knockout @entity0 and suggest that the decreased concentration of @entity11 contributes to the phenotype in young adult KI @entity0 .

title: A XXXX model of the @entity8 premutation: effects on behavior, dendrite morphology, and regional rates of cerebral protein synthesis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Current @entity1 "prediction" algorithms are generally based on the knowledge of @entity2 occurring time and analyze the electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings retrospectively. It is then obvious that, although these analyses provide evidence of brain activity changes prior to @entity1 , they cannot be applied to develop implantable devices for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In this paper, we describe an adaptive procedure to prospectively analyze continuous, long-term EEG recordings when only the occurring time of the first @entity2 is known. The algorithm is based on the convergence and divergence of short-term maximum Lyapunov exponents (STLmax) among critical electrode sites selected adaptively. A warning of an impending @entity2 is then issued. Global optimization techniques are applied for selecting the critical groups of electrode sites. The adaptive @entity2 prediction algorithm (ASPA) was tested in continuous 0.76 to 5.84 days intracranial EEG recordings from a group of five @entity0 with refractory @entity3 . A fixed parameter setting applied to all cases predicted 82% of @entity2 with a false prediction rate of 0.16/h. @entity2 warnings occurred an average of 71.7 min before ictal onset. Similar results were produced by dividing the available EEG recordings into half training and testing portions. Optimizing the parameters for individual @entity0 improved sensitivity (84% overall) and reduced false prediction rate (0.12/h overall). These results indicate that ASPA can be applied to implantable devices for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

title: Adaptive XXXX prediction system.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity8 is a rare @entity1 . The severe phenotype is fatal unless hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is performed. A retrospective analysis was performed in 11 @entity0 with @entity8 who underwent HSCT and monitoring over a period of 19 years at our institution. The median age at HSCT was 8.8 months. Stem cell sources were unmanipulated bone marrow from an HLA-matched related donor in 7 @entity0 , unrelated  umbilical cord blood in 3 @entity0 , and a mismatched related donor in 1 @entity0 . Three @entity0 underwent a second HSCT. Conditioning was provided with a @entity6 - and @entity4 -based regimen, with anti-thymocyte immunoglobulin added for the cord blood transplant recipients. @entity7 prophylaxis consisted of @entity2 and @entity5 for related donor recipients (8 @entity0 ) and @entity2 and @entity3 for cord blood transplant recipients (3 @entity0 ). The overall event-free survival rate was 91% with a median follow-up of 94 months (range, 15-223 months). Ten @entity0 had immune reconstitution and demonstrated sustained engraftment that ranged from 11% to 100% for lymphoid lines and from 0% to 100% for myeloid lines. HSCT from a matched related donor or unrelated cord blood provided excellent outcome, and mixed chimerism appeared satisfactory to prevent recurrent infections.

title: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in XXXX : a single center experience.

answer: @entity8


abstract: AIM: The monoclonal antibody cetuximab, targeting the @entity1 ( @entity1 ), is a promising molecular targeting agent to be used in combination with radiation for anticancer therapy. In this study, effects of cetuximab in combination with alpha-emitting radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in a panel of cultured @entity0 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were assessed. METHODS: SCC cell lines were characterized and treated with cetuximab in combination with anti-CD44v6 RIT using the astatinated chimeric monoclonal antibody U36 ((211)At-cMAb U36). Effects on (211)At-cMAb U36 uptake, internalization and cell proliferation were then assessed in SCC cells. RESULTS: Cetuximab in combination with (211)At-cMAb U36 mediated increased growth inhibition compared to RIT or cetuximab alone in two cell lines. However, cetuximab also mediated radioprotective effects compared to RIT alone in two cell lines. The radioprotective effects occurred in the cell lines in which cetuximab clearly inhibited cell growth during radiation exposure. Cetuximab treatment also influenced (211)At-cMAb-U36 uptake and internalization, suggesting interactions between CD44v6 and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study demonstrate the vast importance of further clarifying the mechanisms of cetuximab and radiation response, and the relationship between @entity1 and suitable RIT targets. This is important not only in order to avoid potential radioprotective effects, but also in order to find and utilize potential synergistic effects from these combinations.

title: Effect of cetuximab in combination with alpha-radioimmunotherapy in cultured XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The mechanisms underlying the transition of brain activity toward @entity1 remain unclear. Based on nonlinear analysis of both intracranial and scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, different research groups have recently reported dynamical smooth changes in @entity1 brain activity several minutes before @entity2 onset. Such preictal states have been detected in populations of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and, more recently, with different neocortical @entity1 (NPEs). In this paper, we are particularly interested in the spatio-temporal organization of epileptogenic networks prior to @entity2 in @entity1 . For this, we characterize the network of two @entity0 with NPE by means of two nonlinear measures of interdependencies. Since the synchronization of neuronal activity is an essential feature of the generation and propagation of @entity1 activity, we have analyzed changes in phase synchrony between EEG time series. In order to compare the phase and amplitude dynamics, we have also studied the degree of association between pairs of signals by means of a nonlinear correlation coefficient. Recent findings have suggested changes prior to @entity2 in a wideband frequency range. Instead, for the examples of this study, we report a significant decrease of synchrony in the focal area several minutes before @entity2 (>30 min in both @entity0 ) in the frequency band of 10-25 Hz mainly. Furthermore, the spatio-temporal organization of this preictal activity seems to be specifically related to this frequency band. Measures of both amplitude and phase coupling yielded similar results in narrow-band analysis. These results may open new perspectives on the mechanisms of @entity2 emergence as well as the organization of neocortical epileptogenic networks. The possibility of forecasting the onset of @entity2 has important implications for a better understanding, diagnosis and a potential treatment of the @entity1 .

title: Spatio-temporal dynamics prior to neocortical XXXX : amplitude versus phase couplings.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of pregnant @entity1 with @entity16 ( @entity13 ) on Day 8 of gestation induces @entity9 through a mechanism linked to the @entity5 @entity0 suppressor pathway. The present study defines the response of Day 8 @entity1 embryos through time with respect to pharmacologic intervention with @entity15 , a ligand of the mitochondrial peripheral @entity6 receptor ( @entity14 ). METHODS: Pregnant @entity8 @entity1 dosed with @entity13 with or without @entity15 on gestation Day 8 provided fetuses for teratologic evaluation on Day 14 and Day 17; HPLC measured @entity10 ( @entity7 / @entity7 +) at 1.5 hr, RT-PCR measured mitochondrial 16S rRNA abundance at 3.0 hr, and @entity5 protein induction was assessed with immunostaining at 4.5 hr postexposure. RESULTS: The mean incidences of malformed fetuses were significantly higher in the 7.5 mg/kg @entity13 treatment group (50.2% malformed) vs. the @entity13 + 4.0 mg/kg @entity15 co-treatment group (4.4% malformed). Malformed fetuses displayed a range of @entity4 that included @entity9 and @entity12 ( @entity11 ). No @entity3 were observed in the control or @entity15 alone groups. @entity15 also protected litters from increased resorption rates and fetal @entity2 . It did not rescue early effects on @entity7 balance (1.5 hr) or 16S rRNA expression (3.0 hr); however, the @entity5 response (4.5 hr) was downgraded in @entity13 + @entity15 embryos vs. @entity13 alone. By delaying the administration of @entity15 in 1.5 hr intervals it was determined that the window for protection closed between 4.5 to 6.0 hr after @entity13 . CONCLUSIONS: The capacity of @entity15 to suppress the pathogenesis of @entity9 implies a critical role for mitochondrial peripheral @entity6 receptors in the @entity5 -dependent mode of action of @entity13 on ocular development.

title: Exposure-disease continuum for @entity16 , a prototype ocular teratogen. 3. Intervention with XXXX .

answer: @entity15


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of pregnant @entity1 with @entity16 ( @entity13 ) on Day 8 of gestation induces @entity9 through a mechanism linked to the @entity5 @entity0 suppressor pathway. The present study defines the response of Day 8 @entity1 embryos through time with respect to pharmacologic intervention with @entity15 , a ligand of the mitochondrial peripheral @entity6 receptor ( @entity14 ). METHODS: Pregnant @entity8 @entity1 dosed with @entity13 with or without @entity15 on gestation Day 8 provided fetuses for teratologic evaluation on Day 14 and Day 17; HPLC measured @entity10 ( @entity7 / @entity7 +) at 1.5 hr, RT-PCR measured mitochondrial 16S rRNA abundance at 3.0 hr, and @entity5 protein induction was assessed with immunostaining at 4.5 hr postexposure. RESULTS: The mean incidences of malformed fetuses were significantly higher in the 7.5 mg/kg @entity13 treatment group (50.2% malformed) vs. the @entity13 + 4.0 mg/kg @entity15 co-treatment group (4.4% malformed). Malformed fetuses displayed a range of @entity4 that included @entity9 and @entity12 ( @entity11 ). No @entity3 were observed in the control or @entity15 alone groups. @entity15 also protected litters from increased resorption rates and fetal @entity2 . It did not rescue early effects on @entity7 balance (1.5 hr) or 16S rRNA expression (3.0 hr); however, the @entity5 response (4.5 hr) was downgraded in @entity13 + @entity15 embryos vs. @entity13 alone. By delaying the administration of @entity15 in 1.5 hr intervals it was determined that the window for protection closed between 4.5 to 6.0 hr after @entity13 . CONCLUSIONS: The capacity of @entity15 to suppress the pathogenesis of @entity9 implies a critical role for mitochondrial peripheral @entity6 receptors in the @entity5 -dependent mode of action of @entity13 on ocular development.

title: Exposure-disease continuum for XXXX , a prototype ocular teratogen. 3. Intervention with @entity15 .

answer: @entity16


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous studies examining short- and long-term outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy with vascular resection for @entity2 have not graded perioperative complication severity. These studies may provide incomplete assessments of the efficacy of vascular resection. In the current study, we evaluated 36 @entity0 who had pancreaticoduodenectomy with major vascular resection. These were matched 1:3 by @entity1 stage and age to @entity0 who had pancreaticoduodenectomy without vascular resection. Charts were reviewed to identify all complications and 90-day readmissions. Complications were graded as either severe or minor adverse postoperative outcomes, taking into account the total length of stay. There were no statistical differences in @entity0 demographics, comorbidities, or symptoms between the groups. @entity0 who had vascular resection had significantly increased rates of severe adverse postoperative outcomes, readmissions, lengths of hospital stay, as well as higher hospital costs. @entity4 and major vascular resection were independent predictors of severe adverse postoperative outcomes. On multivariate @entity3 -regression survival analysis, @entity0 who had vascular resection had decreased recurrence-free (12 vs. 17  months) and overall (17 vs. 29  months) survival. Major vascular resection was a predictor of mortality, may be an independent prognostic factor for survival, and may warrant incorporation into future staging systems.

title: A Graded Evaluation of Outcomes Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy with Major Vascular Resection in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine refraction, change in refraction, and risk factors for change in refraction in adults with type 1 and @entity1 . METHODS: Population-based study. Modified Early Treatment of @entity1 Study refractions and a standard history were obtained for all @entity0 . Baseline and 10-year follow-up data were available. RESULTS: Age and education were significantly associated with refraction in @entity0 with younger-onset @entity1 (T1D) and in those with older-onset @entity1 ( @entity2 ); refractions were similar for both groups. @entity0 of similar age with T1D were likely to be more myopic than were those with @entity2 (P < .01). In those with T1D, on average, there was a -0.28-diopter (D) change in refraction in 10 years. Those with longer duration of @entity1 were more likely to have hyperopic shifts in refraction. In @entity0 with @entity2 , there was, on average, a +0.48-D change in refraction during the 10 years, but there was little consistency in the amount of change by age at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 of similar age, those with T1D were likely to be slightly more myopic than were those with @entity2 . Overall, mean refraction and the important risk factors of age and education were similar to those reported in nondiabetic populations.

title: Refraction in adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform an extensive screening for mutations of @entity3 ( @entity3 )-related genes in a consecutive cohort of Sardinian @entity0 , a genetic isolate phylogenically distinct from other European populations. DESIGN: Population-based, prospective cohort study. @entity0 : A total of 135 Sardinian @entity0 with @entity3 and 156 healthy control subjects of Sardinian origin who were age- and sex-matched to @entity0 . INTERVENTION: @entity0 underwent mutational analysis for @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity2 . RESULTS: Mutational screening of the entire cohort found that 39 @entity0 (28.7%) carried the @entity7 ( @entity8 ) missense mutation of the @entity2 gene. Of these, 15 had @entity5 (belonging to 10 distinct pedigrees) and 24 had apparently sporadic @entity3 . None of the 156 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched controls carried the pathogenic variant. Genotype data obtained for 5 @entity3 cases carrying the @entity8 mutation found that they shared a 94-single-nucleotide polymorphism risk haplotype that spanned 663 Kb across the @entity2 locus on chromosome 1p36.22. Three @entity0 with @entity3 who carry the @entity8 mutation developed @entity1 several years after their initial presentation with motor weakness. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2 @entity8 missense mutation accounts for approximately one-third of all @entity3 cases in this island population. These @entity0 share a large risk haplotype across the @entity2 locus, indicating that they have a common ancestor.

title: Large proportion of XXXX cases in Sardinia due to a single founder mutation of the @entity2 gene.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform an extensive screening for mutations of @entity3 ( @entity3 )-related genes in a consecutive cohort of Sardinian @entity0 , a genetic isolate phylogenically distinct from other European populations. DESIGN: Population-based, prospective cohort study. @entity0 : A total of 135 Sardinian @entity0 with @entity3 and 156 healthy control subjects of Sardinian origin who were age- and sex-matched to @entity0 . INTERVENTION: @entity0 underwent mutational analysis for @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity2 . RESULTS: Mutational screening of the entire cohort found that 39 @entity0 (28.7%) carried the @entity7 ( @entity8 ) missense mutation of the @entity2 gene. Of these, 15 had @entity5 (belonging to 10 distinct pedigrees) and 24 had apparently sporadic @entity3 . None of the 156 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched controls carried the pathogenic variant. Genotype data obtained for 5 @entity3 cases carrying the @entity8 mutation found that they shared a 94-single-nucleotide polymorphism risk haplotype that spanned 663 Kb across the @entity2 locus on chromosome 1p36.22. Three @entity0 with @entity3 who carry the @entity8 mutation developed @entity1 several years after their initial presentation with motor weakness. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2 @entity8 missense mutation accounts for approximately one-third of all @entity3 cases in this island population. These @entity0 share a large risk haplotype across the @entity2 locus, indicating that they have a common ancestor.

title: Large proportion of @entity3 cases in Sardinia due to a single founder mutation of the XXXX gene.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical outcomes following stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for lung @entity1 as oligo-recurrence. From May 2003 to June 2014, records for 66 @entity0 with 76 oligo-recurrences in the lungs treated with SBRT were retrospectively reviewed. Oligo-recurrence primary sites and @entity0 numbers were as follows: lungs, 31; colorectal, 13; head and neck, 10; esophagus, 3; uterus, 3; and others, 6. The median SBRT dose was 50 Gy (range, 45-60 Gy) administered in a median of 5 (range, 5-9) fractions. All @entity0 received SBRT, with no acute @entity5 . Surviving @entity0 had a median follow-up time of 36.5 months. The 3-year rates of local control, overall survival and disease-free survival were 90.6%, 76.0% and 53.7%, respectively. Longer disease-free interval from initial treatment to SBRT, and @entity3 were both associated with favorable outcomes. Disease progression after SBRT occurred in 31 @entity0 , most with distant @entity1 (n = 24) [among whom, 87.5% (n = 21) had new lung @entity1 ]. Among these 21 @entity0 , 12 were judged as having a second oligo-recurrence. Additional SBRT was performed for these 12 @entity0 , and all 12 @entity2 were controlled without disease progression. Three @entity0 (4.5%) developed Grade 2 radiation @entity4 . No other late adverse events of Grade >= 2 were identified. Thus, SBRT for oligo-recurrence achieved acceptable @entity2 control, with additional SBRT also effective for selected @entity0 with a second oligo-recurrence after primary SBRT.

title: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung XXXX as oligo-recurrence: a single institutional study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2 is characterized by systemic activation of @entity1 and coagulation in response to infection. In @entity2 , activated neutrophils extrude neutrophil extracellular traps composed of cell-free DNA (CFDNA) that not only trap pathogens but also provide a stimulus for clot formation. Although the effect of CFDNA on coagulation has been extensively studied, much less is known about the impact of CFDNA on fibrinolysis. To address this, we (1) investigated the relationship between CFDNA levels and fibrinolytic activity in @entity2 and (2) determined the mechanisms by which CFDNA modulates fibrinolysis. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Plasma was collected from healthy and septic individuals, and CFDNA was quantified. Clot lysis assays were performed in plasma and purified systems, and lysis times were determined by monitoring absorbance. Clot morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy. Clots formed in plasma from septic @entity0 containing >5   g/mL CFDNA were dense in structure and resistant to fibrinolysis, a phenomenon overcome by deoxyribonuclease addition. These effects were recapitulated in control plasma supplemented with CFDNA. In a purified system, CFDNA delayed fibrinolysis but did not alter tissue-type plasminogen activator-induced @entity3 generation. Using surface plasmon resonance, CFDNA bound @entity3 with a Kd value of 4.2  0.3   mol/L, and increasing concentrations of CFDNA impaired @entity3 -mediated degradation of fibrin clots via the formation of a nonproductive ternary complex between @entity3 , CFDNA, and fibrin. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies suggest that the increased levels of CFDNA in @entity2 impair fibrinolysis by inhibiting @entity3 -mediated fibrin degradation, thereby identifying CFDNA as a potential therapeutic target for @entity2 treatment.

title: Cell-Free DNA Modulates Clot Structure and Impairs Fibrinolysis in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: After surgery, @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) should be assessed regarding the presence of @entity3 , the localization of @entity1 , and the identification of progressive disease. Postoperatively, @entity0 with @entity7 are staged to separate those at low risk from those at high risk of recurrence. The TNM staging system is based on @entity2 size, extra-thyroidal invasion, nodal @entity1 , and distant spread of @entity2 . In addition, the number of lymph-node @entity1 , the number of compartments involved, and the postoperative calcitonin (CTN) and @entity9 ( @entity9 ) levels should be documented. The postoperative normalization of the serum CTN level is associated with a favorable outcome. When @entity0 have basal serum CTN levels less than 150  pg/ml after a thyroidectomy, any persistent or recurrent disease is nearly always confined to lymph nodes in the neck. When the postoperative serum CTN level exceeds 150  pg/ml, @entity0 should be evaluated with imaging procedures, including computed tomography (CT) of the neck and chest, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) of the liver, bone scintigraphy, MRI of the bone, and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. One can estimate the growth rate of @entity7 @entity1 by quantifying increases in @entity2 size over time from sequential imaging studies analyzed with response evaluation criteria in @entity2 (RECIST), and by determining the @entity2 marker doubling time from sequential measures of serum CTN or @entity9 levels over multiple time points. One of the main challenges remains to find effective adjuvant and palliative options for @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 with persistent or recurrent @entity7 localized to the neck following thyroidectomy are candidates for neck operations, depending on the @entity2 extension. Once @entity1 appear, the clinician must decide which @entity0 require therapy. This requires a balance between the (often) slow rate of @entity2 progression, which is associated with a good quality of life, and the limited efficacy and potential @entity4 of local and systemic therapies. Considering that metastatic @entity7 is incurable, the management goals are to provide loco-regional disease control, palliate symptoms of hormonal excess, such as @entity8 , palliate symptomatic @entity1 , like @entity5 or @entity6 , and control @entity1 that threaten life, such as @entity11 or @entity10 . This can be achieved with palliative surgery, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), or systemic therapy with @entity12 kinase inhibitor (TKI).

title: Long-Term Follow-up in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The laboratory is considered the cornerstone of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) control programme. International review of Ghana's programme in the late nineties identified the laboratory services as the weakest component. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) being the main method of diagnosing @entity2 in Ghana, the training objectives were to: (i) strengthen the knowledge and skills of laboratory personnel on @entity3 (ii) impart necessary techniques in biosafety and (iii) introduce a Quality Assurance (QA) system in order to strengthen @entity3 services. METHODS: Personnel were selected for training during a nationwide situation analysis of @entity3 centres in 2000/2001. Four training sessions on @entity3 /QA were held between 2001/2004. RESULTS: A total of 80 personnel were trained: 10 regional @entity1 coordinators and 70 laboratory personnel. The @entity0 upon return to their respective regions also organized training within their districts. This approach resulted in another 100 district @entity1 coordinators and 200 laboratory personnel being trained. Improvement in smear preparation, staining and reading ability of the @entity0 were observed during the post-test and subsequent visit to their respective laboratories. The training has led to strengthening of @entity1 laboratory services in the country and has contributed to increase in case detection from 10,745 in 2000 to 11,827 in 2004 and 14,022 in 2008. It was observed during the post-training follow-up and quarterly supervision visits that morale of the personnel was high. CONCLUSION: Continuous training and re-training of laboratory personnel on @entity3 and QA at regular intervals do play an important role for effective and efficient @entity1 control programme.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX in ghana: the role of laboratory training.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (4th ed. [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) distinction between clinical disorders on @entity2 and @entity1 on @entity2 has become increasingly controversial. Although substantial comorbidity between axes has been demonstrated, the structure of the liability factors underlying these two groups of disorders is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the latent factor structure of a broad set of common @entity0 and all @entity1 and thereby to identify clusters of disorders and account for comorbidity within and between axes. Data were collected in Norway, through a population-based interview study (N = 2,794 young adult twins). @entity2 and @entity0 were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV), respectively. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to investigate the underlying structure of 25 disorders. A four-factor model fit the data well, suggesting a distinction between clinical and @entity1 as well as a distinction between broad groups of internalizing and externalizing disorders. The location of some disorders was not consistent with the DSM-IV classification; @entity4 belonged primarily to the @entity2 externalizing spectrum, dysthymia appeared as a @entity1 , and @entity3 appeared in an interspectral position. The findings have implications for a meta-structure for the DSM.

title: The joint structure of DSM-IV @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (4th ed. [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) distinction between clinical disorders on @entity2 and @entity1 on @entity2 has become increasingly controversial. Although substantial comorbidity between axes has been demonstrated, the structure of the liability factors underlying these two groups of disorders is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the latent factor structure of a broad set of common @entity0 and all @entity1 and thereby to identify clusters of disorders and account for comorbidity within and between axes. Data were collected in Norway, through a population-based interview study (N = 2,794 young adult twins). @entity2 and @entity0 were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV), respectively. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to investigate the underlying structure of 25 disorders. A four-factor model fit the data well, suggesting a distinction between clinical and @entity1 as well as a distinction between broad groups of internalizing and externalizing disorders. The location of some disorders was not consistent with the DSM-IV classification; @entity4 belonged primarily to the @entity2 externalizing spectrum, dysthymia appeared as a @entity1 , and @entity3 appeared in an interspectral position. The findings have implications for a meta-structure for the DSM.

title: The joint structure of DSM-IV XXXX and @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine cost and mortality among stage IV @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 treated with @entity5 (5FU)/ @entity7 / @entity4 (FOLFOX) or 5FU/ @entity7 / @entity6 (FOLFIRI). METHODS: Adult @entity2 @entity0 newly treated with FOLFOX or FOLFIRI were identified from a large database using medical and pharmacy claims for services delivered January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2005. @entity1 stage for a subset of @entity0 was abstracted from medical records. Outcomes were annualized costs calculated for 4 years of observation, and @entity3 as recorded by the National @entity3 Index. Cost was analyzed using generalized linear modeling; mortality was modeled using Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS: Unadjusted annualized median and mean costs were  134,401 and  152,213, respectively, for the FOLFOX cohort (n = 41) and  103,150 and  107,994 for the FOLFIRI cohort (n = 86). @entity3 occurred among five (12%) FOLFOX and 42 (53%) FOLFIRI @entity0 . Adjusted analysis revealed no significant difference in cost between cohorts, even after adjusting for reduced irinotecan costs due to generic availability. Incremental costs associated with one additional life saved per year were only  1,236 higher for @entity0 treated with FOLFOX compared with FOLFIRI. Cox analysis revealed a significant survival advantage for FOLFOX over FOLFIRI (HR = 5.2; 95% CI: 1.7-15.8). CONCLUSIONS: A significant survival benefit was seen for @entity2 @entity0 receiving FOLFOX versus FOLFIRI; multivariate analysis revealed no significant cost differences. However, the small sample size may have resulted in lack of adequate power to detect a difference between cohorts. There may be factors influencing mortality that were not included in the multivariate modeling.

title: A comparison of mortality and costs associated with FOLFOX versus FOLFIRI in stage IV XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the functional connectivity of hippocampal and selected frontal lobe circuits in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: An inpatient @entity3 unit. Imaging and neurocognitive assessments were conducted in an outpatient research facility. @entity0 : Twenty-five consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 consistent with @entity2 and acute subcortical @entity1 were studied as well as 16 healthy volunteers of similar age and sex. INTERVENTIONS: Echo-planar and high-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired using 3-T scanners. Regions of interest (ROI) were drawn bilaterally for the hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and were used to extract time series data. Blood oxygenation level-dependent data from each ROI were used as reference functions for correlating with all other brain voxels. Interhemispheric functional connectivity was assessed for each @entity0 by correlating homologous regions using a Pearson correlation coefficient. @entity0 functional and neurocognitive outcomes were assessed approximately 6 months after injury. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Interhemispheric functional connectivity, spatial patterns of functional connectivity, and associations of connectivity measures with functional and neurocognitive outcomes. RESULTS: @entity0 showed significantly lower interhemispheric functional connectivity for the hippocampus and ACC. Controls demonstrated stronger and more focused functional connectivity for the hippocampi and ACC, and a more focused recruitment of the default mode network for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ROI. The interhemispheric functional connectivity for the hippocampus was correlated with delayed recall of verbal information. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 may affect interhemispheric neural activity, as @entity0 with @entity2 show disrupted interhemispheric functional connectivity. More careful investigation of interhemispheric connectivity is warranted, as it demonstrated a modest association with outcome in chronic @entity3 .

title: Deficits in functional connectivity of hippocampal and frontal lobe circuits after XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging after @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been well studied, while less data exist on perfusion computed tomographic (PCT) imaging. OBJECTIVES: To examine the frequency of @entity3 in @entity0 with anterior circulation @entity1 and to identify factors associated with the presence of @entity3 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Academic hospital. @entity0 : Sixty-five consecutive @entity0 admitted to Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, between June 1, 2007, and November 30, 2009, for anterior circulation motor or aphasic @entity1 in whom PCT was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using an automated software algorithm, perfusion abnormality was defined as brain tissue associated with a mean transit time greater than 145% of that of the contralateral hemisphere and cerebral blood volume greater than 2.0 mL/100 g. Demographic, risk factor, clinical, radiographic, and in-hospital outcome data were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 65 @entity0 with anterior circulation @entity1 who underwent PCT (median age, 62.4 years; 49.2% male), 22 (33.8%) had focal perfusion abnormalities. The presence of motor symptoms (95.5% vs 67.4%, P = .01), multiple (>1) episodes (18.2% vs 2.3%, P = .04), @entity4 greater than 50% or occlusion (77.3% vs 11.6%, P < .001), large-artery @entity2 subtype (59.1% vs 9.3%, P < .001), and subsequent in-hospital events (22.7% vs 0%, P = .001) were more frequent in those with perfusion abnormality. CONCLUSIONS: On acutely performed PCT, one-third of @entity0 with hemispheric @entity1 have perfusion abnormalities. Perfusion abnormality may mark @entity0 at greater risk for subsequent early deterioration. This requires further study.

title: Perfusion computed tomography in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have recently reported that @entity0 deficient in the myeloid @entity10 -family @entity3 kinases @entity13 , @entity14 , and @entity8 ( @entity10 triple knockout [TKO]) had augmented innate lung clearance of @entity9 murina that correlated with a higher ability of alveolar macrophages (AMs) from these @entity0 to kill P. murina. In this article, we show that despite possessing enhanced killing, AMs from naive @entity10 TKO @entity0 did not demonstrate enhanced inflammatory responses to P. murina. We subsequently discovered that both AMs and lungs from P. murina-infected @entity10 TKO @entity0 expressed significantly greater levels of the M2a markers RELM-a and @entity11 , and the M2a-associated chemokines @entity7 and @entity6 than did wild-type @entity0 . @entity1 and @entity4 , the primary cytokines that promote M2a polarization, were not differentially produced in the lungs between wild-type and @entity10 TKO @entity0 . P. @entity2 in @entity10 TKO @entity0 resulted in enhanced lung production of the novel @entity5 family cytokine @entity12 . Immunohistochemical analysis of @entity12 in lung tissue revealed localization predominantly in the nucleus of alveolar epithelial cells. We further demonstrate that experimental polarization of naive AMs to M2a resulted in more efficient killing of P. murina compared with untreated AMs, which was further enhanced by the addition of @entity12 . Administration of @entity12 to C57BL/6 @entity0 increased lung RELM-a and @entity7 levels, and enhanced clearance of P. murina, despite having no effect on the cellular composition of the lungs. Collectively, these results indicate that M2a AMs are potent effector cells against P. murina. Furthermore, enhancing M2a polarization may be an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of @entity9 .

title: @entity12 and M2a alveolar macrophages promote lung defense against the atypical fungal pathogen XXXX murina.

answer: @entity9


abstract: We have recently reported that @entity0 deficient in the myeloid @entity10 -family @entity3 kinases @entity13 , @entity14 , and @entity8 ( @entity10 triple knockout [TKO]) had augmented innate lung clearance of @entity9 murina that correlated with a higher ability of alveolar macrophages (AMs) from these @entity0 to kill P. murina. In this article, we show that despite possessing enhanced killing, AMs from naive @entity10 TKO @entity0 did not demonstrate enhanced inflammatory responses to P. murina. We subsequently discovered that both AMs and lungs from P. murina-infected @entity10 TKO @entity0 expressed significantly greater levels of the M2a markers RELM-a and @entity11 , and the M2a-associated chemokines @entity7 and @entity6 than did wild-type @entity0 . @entity1 and @entity4 , the primary cytokines that promote M2a polarization, were not differentially produced in the lungs between wild-type and @entity10 TKO @entity0 . P. @entity2 in @entity10 TKO @entity0 resulted in enhanced lung production of the novel @entity5 family cytokine @entity12 . Immunohistochemical analysis of @entity12 in lung tissue revealed localization predominantly in the nucleus of alveolar epithelial cells. We further demonstrate that experimental polarization of naive AMs to M2a resulted in more efficient killing of P. murina compared with untreated AMs, which was further enhanced by the addition of @entity12 . Administration of @entity12 to C57BL/6 @entity0 increased lung RELM-a and @entity7 levels, and enhanced clearance of P. murina, despite having no effect on the cellular composition of the lungs. Collectively, these results indicate that M2a AMs are potent effector cells against P. murina. Furthermore, enhancing M2a polarization may be an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of @entity9 .

title: XXXX and M2a alveolar macrophages promote lung defense against the atypical fungal pathogen @entity9 murina.

answer: @entity12