abstract: AIM: To review the imaging findings of @entity1 , and document the colour flow ultrasound and MR imaging features in this benign condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 was clinically and histologically diagnosed in eight lesions in six @entity0 . All six @entity0 underwent conventional mammography and high frequency grey-scale ultrasound. Colour flow ultrasound was performed additionally in six lesions in four @entity0 and MR imaging in four lesions in three @entity0 before biopsy. The imaging findings were reviewed and correlated with final histological diagnosis. RESULTS: Mammography showed regional asymmetric increased opacity with ill-defined margins in all lesions. A heterogeneously hypoechoic mass with ill-defined margins was identified on high frequency grey-scale ultrasound in all lesions. Marked posterior acoustic shadowing was present in seven of eight (88%) lesions. Six lesions interrogated with colour flow ultrasound showed absence of Doppler signal. MR imaging in three @entity0 revealed non-specific stromal enhancement. CONCLUSION: @entity1 shows absence of Doppler signal on colour flow ultrasound and non-specific stromal enhancement on MR imaging.

title: Ultrasound and MR imaging of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To report an experience with helical computed tomographic (CT) angiography as the initial procedure to rule out @entity2 caused by penetrating @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: During 27 months, 175 @entity0 were referred for helical CT angiography of the neck because of clinical suspicion of @entity4 . The protocol included a 100-mL bolus of nonionic contrast material injected at 4.5 mL/sec, with 11-second scanning delay, 3-mm collimation, and pitch of 1.3-2.0. CT images were interpreted prospectively by the emergency radiologist, and two radiologists retrospectively interpreted studies with consensus. Outcome was determined with examination of @entity0 and their charts. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. RESULTS: Studies in two @entity0 were considered inadequate for diagnosis; these @entity0 were referred for conventional arteriography and had normal findings. In 27 @entity0 (15.6%), @entity2 were detected. One @entity0 had two @entity4 . Lesions demonstrated with helical CT angiography were @entity1 (n = 14), @entity5 (n = 8), @entity5 and arteriovenous fistulae (n = 4), and partial @entity3 (n = 2). The remaining 146 @entity0 had normal arteries. On the basis of these findings, @entity0 were treated with surgery (n = 21), endovascular intervention (n = 7), and observation alone (n = 146). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that helical CT angiography can be used as the initial method for evaluation in @entity0 with possible @entity4 of the neck.

title: Penetrating XXXX : helical CT angiography for initial evaluation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine and report the spectrum of ultrasonographic appearances of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) without shadowing in otherwise normal ovaries and the histopathologic and physical characteristics of these foci. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The appearances of foci on transvaginal pelvic sonograms obtained in 189 @entity0 with @entity1 were prospectively analyzed. The foci were classified according to bilaterality, size, number (<5, 5-10, or >10), and location (peripheral, central, or diffuse). At histopathologic analysis, resected normal ovaries, seven with and 10 without echogenic foci, in a water bath were scanned. The foci were then localized for histopathologic correlation. To assess the physical properties of the foci, tissue-mimicking water- and @entity2 -based phantoms, with voids of different diameters, in a water bath were scanned with 8- and 70-MHz transducers. RESULTS: At appearance analysis, @entity1 (mean diameter, 1.8 mm +/- 0.6 [SD]) were detected unilaterally in 103 (54.5%) of 189 @entity0 . @entity1 were distributed peripherally in 183 (66.5%), centrally in 15 (5.5%), and diffusely in 77 (28.0%) of 275 ovaries. There were fewer than five foci in 123 (44.7%), five to 10 foci in 91 (33.1%), and more than 10 foci in 61 (22.2%) of 275 ovaries. At histopathologic analysis of the seven ovaries with @entity1 , the foci had tiny cysts with no evidence of @entity3 . A single cyst cluster was identified in two of 10 ovaries that did not have echogenic foci. At physical property analysis, single echogenic foci were associated with specular reflection from the walls of unresolved cysts that were comparable in size to the ultrasound wavelength (about 0.50 mm). CONCLUSION: @entity1 without shadowing are caused by a specular reflection from the walls of tiny unresolved benign cysts rather than by psammomatous @entity3 .

title: Echogenic ovarian foci without shadowing: are they caused by psammomatous XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The long-term outcome of @entity0 treated with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs) remains unknown and is being evaluated. We sought to assess the feasibility and utility of contrast-enhanced MR angiography in the follow-up of anterior communicating @entity2 treated with GDCs. METHODS: In a prospective study, 20 consecutive @entity0 with AcomA @entity3 underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA), time-of-flight MR angiography (TOF-MRA), and contrast-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) 12 months after treatment with GDCs. The aneurysmal sac measured less than 10 mm in 19 @entity0 and 12 mm in one @entity0 . Two observers who did not analyze the DSA images independently reviewed the MRA images. @entity3 were classified according to the presence of a residual neck (ie, @entity1 , small residual neck, large residual neck, or not assessable). DSA was used as the standard of reference. RESULTS: Images from all examinations were assessable. Venous enhancement was observed in five cases at contrast-enhanced MRA; this did not affect image interpretation. Interobserver agreement was good. A comparison of the techniques showed good agreement in the detection of a residual neck. Two cases of a small residual neck were not detected at TOF-MRA, and one case of @entity1 was misclassified as a small residual neck at contrast-enhanced MRA. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that contrast-enhanced MRA is a valuable method for the follow-up of @entity3 in the AcomA after their treatment with GDCs. Further studies with @entity3 locations and larger groups are required to determine the exact role of this technique.

title: XXXX treated with Guglielmi detachable coils: follow-up with contrast-enhanced MR angiography.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Blood flow within the middle cerebral artery can be monitored by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography. @entity3 can produce turbulent flow, but controversy remains regarding the @entity1 needed to cause TCD-detectable turbulence. Furthermore, @entity2 and turbulent flow may coexist in the same @entity0 . The current study was designed to study the relationship between stenotic degree and TCD-detectable turbulent flow and its differentiation from @entity2 . METHODS: A stenotic middle cerebral artery model was constructed to allow the study of different degrees of @entity1 . TCD was used to detect the turbulent flow and embolic materials in the circulation model, and signal intensities were analyzed. RESULTS: Turbulent flow was generated with a series of short, asymmetric stenoses in this test. Transition of turbulence from laminar flow began to occur at a moderate @entity1 (55% reduction of cross-sectional area) but became dampened at the high degrees of stenoses (>/=75%). Turbulence caused a notable increase in average Doppler signal intensity. However, the @entity1 was not associated with signal intensity at the region where turbulence existed, but rather was related to the mean flow velocity measured at the narrowed region. Embolic materials such as air bubbles (30 micro m) and platelet-rich clots (100 micro m) had notably higher Doppler signal intensity than that produced by turbulence. CONCLUSION: TCD-detectable turbulence predominantly developed at a moderate @entity3 and its acoustic signature with TCD is different from that caused by air bubbles and platelet-rich clots.

title: Turbulence and circulating XXXX detectable at Doppler ultrasonography: a differentiation study in a stenotic middle cerebral artery model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Topotecan, a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor, is an established treatment for @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 ( @entity3 ), with antitumor response rates of approximately 20% and median survival of approximately 32 weeks in @entity0 with @entity1 . Topotecan's comparable activity relative to other agents used in @entity3 and its novel mechanism of action, noncumulative @entity2 , and in vitro synergy with other active agents have provided the rationale for investigating topotecan in first-line therapy. Furthermore, topotecan penetrates the blood-brain barrier and is potentially useful for the relatively large subset of @entity0 with @entity3 and brain metastases. In early studies of topotecan in brain metastases, encouraging antitumor activity has been observed. In several feasibility and phase II studies of topotecan as single-agent therapy in @entity0 with extensive- and limited-stage @entity1 and as part of novel first-line combination regimens, overall response rates have ranged from 42% to 100%. Complete responses of 3%-67% and partial responses of 33%-80% have been observed in first-line therapy. Furthermore, the median overall survival in @entity0 receiving topotecan in first-line therapy has ranged from approximately 8 months ( @entity1 ) to 20 months (limited-stage disease). The most frequent adverse events associated with topotecan-based regimens include grade 3/4 @entity5 and @entity4 that often require the incorporation of growth factor support into the treatment regimen. Nonhematologic adverse events associated with topotecan-based combination regimens have been mild or primarily attributed to other agents in the combination. Alternative doses and schedules (3 consecutive days and weekly) are being explored because they appear to be associated with considerably less myelosuppression. Although several trials have established the feasibility and activity of topotecan in first-line therapy of @entity0 with @entity3 , randomized phase III studies with comparison to standard therapy will be required to confirm a potential role for this active agent and to determine the optimal dosing regimen.

title: Emerging role of topotecan in first-line therapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the association of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and @entity2 after noncardiac surgery. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated @entity0 referred for noncardiac surgery. The ABI was performed before surgery. @entity0 with abnormal ABI ( <=0.9) were included in the @entity9 ( @entity9 ) group and the remaining constituted the control group. Cardiac troponin and electrocardiogram were obtained 72 hours after surgery. @entity0 were followed up to 30 days, and primary end point was the occurrence of any cardiovascular event: @entity2 , @entity6 , isolated troponin elevation (ITE), decompensated @entity3 , @entity7 , unstable @entity4 , nonfatal @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity1 , or @entity9 symptoms increase. RESULTS: We evaluated 124 @entity0 (61.3% male; mean age 65.4 years). During the study, 57.9% of @entity0 in the @entity9 group had an event versus 25.7% in the control group (P = .011). The ITE was the most observed event (24.2%). After logistic regression, the odds ratio for ITE was 7.4 (95% confidence interval 2.2-25.0, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 submitted to noncardiac surgery, abnormal ABI is associated with a higher occurrence of a cardiovascular event.

title: The Ankle-Brachial Index is Associated With XXXX After Noncardiac Surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 potentiates @entity2 -stimulated insulin release and mediates the stimulatory effects of hormones such as @entity7 ( @entity7 ) on pancreatic beta-cells. By inhibition of @entity1 -degrading phosphodiesterase (PDE) and, in particular, selective inhibition of @entity6 activity, stimulatory effects on insulin secretion have been observed. Molecular and functional information on beta-cell @entity6 is, however, scarce. To provide such information, we have studied the specific effects of the @entity8 isoform by adenovirus-mediated overexpression. In @entity0 islets and @entity0 @entity5 cells, approximate 10-fold overexpression of @entity8 was accompanied by a 6-8-fold increase in membrane-associated @entity8 activity. The @entity1 concentration was significantly lowered in transduced cells ( @entity4 (832/13)), and insulin secretion in response to stimulation with high @entity2 (11.1 mm) was reduced by 40% (islets) and 50% ( @entity4 ). Further, the ability of @entity7 (100 nm) to augment @entity2 -stimulated insulin secretion was inhibited by approximately 30% (islets) and 70% ( @entity4 ). Accordingly, when stimulating with @entity1 , a substantial decrease (65%) in exocytotic capacity was demonstrated in patch-clamped single beta-cells. In untransduced @entity5 cells, application of the @entity6 -selective inhibitor @entity9 (10 microm) was shown to increase @entity2 -stimulated insulin release as well as @entity1 -enhanced exocytosis. The findings suggest a significant role of @entity8 as an important regulator of insulin secretory processes.

title: Important role of XXXX for the stimulatory action of @entity1 on pancreatic beta-cell exocytosis and release of insulin.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity3 potentiates @entity2 -stimulated insulin release and mediates the stimulatory effects of hormones such as @entity7 ( @entity7 ) on pancreatic beta-cells. By inhibition of @entity1 -degrading phosphodiesterase (PDE) and, in particular, selective inhibition of @entity6 activity, stimulatory effects on insulin secretion have been observed. Molecular and functional information on beta-cell @entity6 is, however, scarce. To provide such information, we have studied the specific effects of the @entity8 isoform by adenovirus-mediated overexpression. In @entity0 islets and @entity0 @entity5 cells, approximate 10-fold overexpression of @entity8 was accompanied by a 6-8-fold increase in membrane-associated @entity8 activity. The @entity1 concentration was significantly lowered in transduced cells ( @entity4 (832/13)), and insulin secretion in response to stimulation with high @entity2 (11.1 mm) was reduced by 40% (islets) and 50% ( @entity4 ). Further, the ability of @entity7 (100 nm) to augment @entity2 -stimulated insulin secretion was inhibited by approximately 30% (islets) and 70% ( @entity4 ). Accordingly, when stimulating with @entity1 , a substantial decrease (65%) in exocytotic capacity was demonstrated in patch-clamped single beta-cells. In untransduced @entity5 cells, application of the @entity6 -selective inhibitor @entity9 (10 microm) was shown to increase @entity2 -stimulated insulin release as well as @entity1 -enhanced exocytosis. The findings suggest a significant role of @entity8 as an important regulator of insulin secretory processes.

title: Important role of @entity8 for the stimulatory action of XXXX on pancreatic beta-cell exocytosis and release of insulin.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Vasoconstrictive and vasodilatory @entity6 generated after @entity4 ( @entity4 ) may contribute to cerebral vasomotor disturbances and @entity3 . We evaluated the balance of vasodilator/vasoconstrictor @entity6 produced by cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism, and determined their role on cortical perfusion, functional outcome, and @entity3 after pediatric asphyxial @entity4 . @entity4 of 9 and 12 minutes was induced in 16- to 18-day-old @entity1 . At 5 and 120 minutes after @entity4 , we quantified the concentration of CYP @entity6 in the cortex and subcortical areas. In separate @entity1 , we inhibited @entity7 ( @entity7 ) synthesis after @entity4 and assessed cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF), @entity2 score, @entity3 , and @entity0 . After 9 minutes of @entity4 , vasodilator @entity6 markedly increased versus sham. Conversely, after 12 minutes of @entity4 , vasoconstrictor eicosanoid @entity7 increased versus sham, without compensatory increases in vasodilator @entity6 . Inhibition of @entity7 synthesis after 12 minutes of @entity4 decreased cortical @entity7 levels, increased CBF, reduced @entity2 at 3 hours, and reduced @entity3 and @entity0 at 48 hours versus vehicle-treated @entity1 . In conclusion, cerebral vasoconstrictor @entity6 increased after a pediatric @entity4 of 12 minutes. Inhibition of @entity7 synthesis improved cortical perfusion and short-term neurologic outcome. These results suggest that alterations in CYP @entity6 have a role in @entity5 and @entity3 after @entity4 and may represent important therapeutic targets.

title: @entity7 Inhibition by HET0016 Offers Neuroprotection, Decreases XXXX , and Increases Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow in a Pediatric Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Model in @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Vasoconstrictive and vasodilatory @entity6 generated after @entity4 ( @entity4 ) may contribute to cerebral vasomotor disturbances and @entity3 . We evaluated the balance of vasodilator/vasoconstrictor @entity6 produced by cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism, and determined their role on cortical perfusion, functional outcome, and @entity3 after pediatric asphyxial @entity4 . @entity4 of 9 and 12 minutes was induced in 16- to 18-day-old @entity1 . At 5 and 120 minutes after @entity4 , we quantified the concentration of CYP @entity6 in the cortex and subcortical areas. In separate @entity1 , we inhibited @entity7 ( @entity7 ) synthesis after @entity4 and assessed cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF), @entity2 score, @entity3 , and @entity0 . After 9 minutes of @entity4 , vasodilator @entity6 markedly increased versus sham. Conversely, after 12 minutes of @entity4 , vasoconstrictor eicosanoid @entity7 increased versus sham, without compensatory increases in vasodilator @entity6 . Inhibition of @entity7 synthesis after 12 minutes of @entity4 decreased cortical @entity7 levels, increased CBF, reduced @entity2 at 3 hours, and reduced @entity3 and @entity0 at 48 hours versus vehicle-treated @entity1 . In conclusion, cerebral vasoconstrictor @entity6 increased after a pediatric @entity4 of 12 minutes. Inhibition of @entity7 synthesis improved cortical perfusion and short-term neurologic outcome. These results suggest that alterations in CYP @entity6 have a role in @entity5 and @entity3 after @entity4 and may represent important therapeutic targets.

title: XXXX Inhibition by HET0016 Offers Neuroprotection, Decreases @entity0 , and Increases Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow in a Pediatric Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Model in @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Vasoconstrictive and vasodilatory @entity6 generated after @entity4 ( @entity4 ) may contribute to cerebral vasomotor disturbances and @entity3 . We evaluated the balance of vasodilator/vasoconstrictor @entity6 produced by cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism, and determined their role on cortical perfusion, functional outcome, and @entity3 after pediatric asphyxial @entity4 . @entity4 of 9 and 12 minutes was induced in 16- to 18-day-old @entity1 . At 5 and 120 minutes after @entity4 , we quantified the concentration of CYP @entity6 in the cortex and subcortical areas. In separate @entity1 , we inhibited @entity7 ( @entity7 ) synthesis after @entity4 and assessed cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF), @entity2 score, @entity3 , and @entity0 . After 9 minutes of @entity4 , vasodilator @entity6 markedly increased versus sham. Conversely, after 12 minutes of @entity4 , vasoconstrictor eicosanoid @entity7 increased versus sham, without compensatory increases in vasodilator @entity6 . Inhibition of @entity7 synthesis after 12 minutes of @entity4 decreased cortical @entity7 levels, increased CBF, reduced @entity2 at 3 hours, and reduced @entity3 and @entity0 at 48 hours versus vehicle-treated @entity1 . In conclusion, cerebral vasoconstrictor @entity6 increased after a pediatric @entity4 of 12 minutes. Inhibition of @entity7 synthesis improved cortical perfusion and short-term neurologic outcome. These results suggest that alterations in CYP @entity6 have a role in @entity5 and @entity3 after @entity4 and may represent important therapeutic targets.

title: @entity7 Inhibition by HET0016 Offers Neuroprotection, Decreases @entity0 , and Increases Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow in a Pediatric Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Model in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This report presents three cases of atypical @entity2 in order to illustrate challenges associated with the use of biologic markers of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) for diagnosis and management. Clinical diagnostic methods followed the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for @entity1 . Additional diagnostic studies included serial neurocognitive testing, MRI, neuroSPECT, @entity4 genotyping, and a CSF assay of tau and beta-amyloid(42). For @entity0 1, both the clinical and biologic markers were consistent with @entity1 . The @entity0 was diagnosed with @entity1 with a high degree of confidence, even though the base rate of nonfamilial @entity1 at this age group (<55 years) is exceedingly rare. This case argues favorably for the use of biologic markers to aid in confirming a diagnosis in an atypical @entity2 . @entity0 2 met the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for @entity1 , although with less confidence. Neurocognitive data indicated a progressive @entity3 , insight was preserved, and @entity4 was 3/3, but tau concentrations and beta-amyloid(42) were highly consistent with cut-offs for @entity1 ; the differential fell on the @entity5 's disease/frontotemporal degeneration spectrum. @entity0 3 had no clinical evidence of the disease, even when evaluated via extensive neurocognitive testing over a 2-year interval. However, @entity4 was 4/4, and CSF assay of tau and beta-amyloid(42) were within the @entity1 range. Therefore, while the CSF assay of tau and beta-amyloid(42) markers was confirmatory of @entity1 , each case was highly atypical. Results illustrate the lack of normative data available when using biologic markers for highly atypical cases, calling into question their usefulness for such @entity0 . These cases illustrate the interplay between neuropsychological and biological markers in establishing neurodegenerative diagnoses.

title: Diagnostic challenges of using CSF assay of tau and beta-amyloid(42) in atypical XXXX of the Alzheimer type.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Despite similar early clinical events, @entity0 who undergo treatment of small vessels are at an increased risk for @entity2 revascularization (TLR) after coronary artery stenting. We sought to determine predictors of TLR after stent implantation in small coronary arteries. We identified 423 consecutive @entity0 who underwent @entity4 ( @entity4 )-guided small vessel stenting procedures in 465 coronary lesions with an angiographic reference vessel diameter of <2.75 mm. @entity0 were divided into 2 groups based on a final @entity4 lumen area of < or =6.0 mm2 (n=345 lesions, group I) and >6.0 mm2 (n=115, group II). Baseline @entity0 characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were similar between the 2 groups, except for a higher rate of @entity2 in group I and bifurcation lesions in group II. Group I had higher TLR rates at 1 year compared with group II @entity0 (39% vs 26%, p = 0.02). The TLR rate appeared to decrease with greater stent expansion, especially at >90% of the reference vessel area, as assessed by @entity4 . By multivariate analysis, an @entity4 final stent area of < or =6 mm2, @entity1 , absence of prior @entity3 , and history of intervention were independent predictors of 1-year TLR in this population. Final stent area of >6.0 mm2 and greater stent expansion were associated with a decrease in TLR. Therefore, there does not appear to be any "downside" to aggressive stent implantation strategies in small vessels. In contrast, @entity4 allows maximization of final lumen dimensions to minimize clinical restenosis.

title: Optimal final lumen area and predictors of XXXX revascularization after stent implantation in small coronary arteries.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plantar @entity5 , the most common cause of @entity1 in the inferior heel, accounts for 11% to 15% of all foot symptoms requiring professional care among adults. The present study reports the results of a minimally invasive surgical treatment of @entity4 . All @entity0 with @entity4 who had undergone percutaneous @entity2 at 3 clinical sites from March 2008 to March 2009 were included in the present study. The follow-up evaluations for this treatment were conducted using the Mayo clinical scoring system. We investigated 17 @entity0 with recalcitrant @entity4 who had undergone this treatment within a follow-up period of >= 13 months. All procedures were performed in the clinic with the @entity0 under local anesthesia. No wound @entity3 occurred. At a mean follow-up period of 16.0      2.29 (range 13 to 21) months, significant improvement was seen in the preoperative mean Mayo score (from 12.06      2.54 to 89.76      4.28, p  <  .001) and no @entity0 had developed symptom recurrence. Also, none of the @entity0 had developed @entity1 . All @entity0 were able to return to regular shoe wear by 3  weeks postoperatively. The technique of @entity4 with percutaneous @entity2 could be a promising treatment option for @entity0 with recalcitrant @entity4 .

title: Treatment of @entity4 With Percutaneous XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plantar @entity5 , the most common cause of @entity1 in the inferior heel, accounts for 11% to 15% of all foot symptoms requiring professional care among adults. The present study reports the results of a minimally invasive surgical treatment of @entity4 . All @entity0 with @entity4 who had undergone percutaneous @entity2 at 3 clinical sites from March 2008 to March 2009 were included in the present study. The follow-up evaluations for this treatment were conducted using the Mayo clinical scoring system. We investigated 17 @entity0 with recalcitrant @entity4 who had undergone this treatment within a follow-up period of >= 13 months. All procedures were performed in the clinic with the @entity0 under local anesthesia. No wound @entity3 occurred. At a mean follow-up period of 16.0      2.29 (range 13 to 21) months, significant improvement was seen in the preoperative mean Mayo score (from 12.06      2.54 to 89.76      4.28, p  <  .001) and no @entity0 had developed symptom recurrence. Also, none of the @entity0 had developed @entity1 . All @entity0 were able to return to regular shoe wear by 3  weeks postoperatively. The technique of @entity4 with percutaneous @entity2 could be a promising treatment option for @entity0 with recalcitrant @entity4 .

title: Treatment of XXXX With Percutaneous @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Sulfation is an important metabolic pathway in @entity0 for xenobiotics, hormones and neurotransmitters, and is catalysed by the cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes. @entity1 SULTs, especially @entity2 , are particularly important in xenobiotic and drug metabolism because of their broad substrate specificity and extensive tissue distribution. A common variant @entity2 allozyme ( @entity2 *2) exists in the population, and is less stable than the wild-type @entity2 *1. @entity3 is widely used as a substrate for quantifying @entity2 activity. However, our kinetic experiments suggest that @entity3 is not an ideal substrate when determining @entity2 activity in @entity0 liver. Assays with a bank of 68 @entity0 liver cytosols revealed three distinct kinetic profiles for @entity3 sulfation in the population: linear, biphasic and inhibition. Sulfation of @entity3 by purified, recombinant @entity2 *1 and @entity2 *2 shows marked substrate inhibition, with inhibition at @entity3 concentrations greater than 4 and 10 microM, respectively. Furthermore, sulfation of @entity3 by purified recombinant @entity4 was significant at concentrations of @entity3 less than 10 microM. Western blots showed that the @entity2 levels in liver are highly variable between liver samples and that no correlation was observed between @entity2 activity and protein level in liver cytosols. However, a correlation between @entity2 activity and protein level was observed in @entity0 placental cytosols, where @entity4 is not expressed. We believe that in @entity0 liver other SULT isoforms (particularly @entity4 ) contribute to the sulfation of @entity3 . Therefore, @entity3 is not an ideal substrate with which to quantitate @entity2 activity in @entity0 liver tissue.

title: @entity1 sulfotransferase 1A1 activity in @entity0 liver: kinetic properties, interindividual variation and re-evaluation of the suitability of XXXX as a probe substrate.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Sulfation is an important metabolic pathway in @entity0 for xenobiotics, hormones and neurotransmitters, and is catalysed by the cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes. @entity1 SULTs, especially @entity2 , are particularly important in xenobiotic and drug metabolism because of their broad substrate specificity and extensive tissue distribution. A common variant @entity2 allozyme ( @entity2 *2) exists in the population, and is less stable than the wild-type @entity2 *1. @entity3 is widely used as a substrate for quantifying @entity2 activity. However, our kinetic experiments suggest that @entity3 is not an ideal substrate when determining @entity2 activity in @entity0 liver. Assays with a bank of 68 @entity0 liver cytosols revealed three distinct kinetic profiles for @entity3 sulfation in the population: linear, biphasic and inhibition. Sulfation of @entity3 by purified, recombinant @entity2 *1 and @entity2 *2 shows marked substrate inhibition, with inhibition at @entity3 concentrations greater than 4 and 10 microM, respectively. Furthermore, sulfation of @entity3 by purified recombinant @entity4 was significant at concentrations of @entity3 less than 10 microM. Western blots showed that the @entity2 levels in liver are highly variable between liver samples and that no correlation was observed between @entity2 activity and protein level in liver cytosols. However, a correlation between @entity2 activity and protein level was observed in @entity0 placental cytosols, where @entity4 is not expressed. We believe that in @entity0 liver other SULT isoforms (particularly @entity4 ) contribute to the sulfation of @entity3 . Therefore, @entity3 is not an ideal substrate with which to quantitate @entity2 activity in @entity0 liver tissue.

title: XXXX sulfotransferase 1A1 activity in @entity0 liver: kinetic properties, interindividual variation and re-evaluation of the suitability of @entity3 as a probe substrate.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Sulfation is an important metabolic pathway in @entity0 for xenobiotics, hormones and neurotransmitters, and is catalysed by the cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes. @entity1 SULTs, especially @entity2 , are particularly important in xenobiotic and drug metabolism because of their broad substrate specificity and extensive tissue distribution. A common variant @entity2 allozyme ( @entity2 *2) exists in the population, and is less stable than the wild-type @entity2 *1. @entity3 is widely used as a substrate for quantifying @entity2 activity. However, our kinetic experiments suggest that @entity3 is not an ideal substrate when determining @entity2 activity in @entity0 liver. Assays with a bank of 68 @entity0 liver cytosols revealed three distinct kinetic profiles for @entity3 sulfation in the population: linear, biphasic and inhibition. Sulfation of @entity3 by purified, recombinant @entity2 *1 and @entity2 *2 shows marked substrate inhibition, with inhibition at @entity3 concentrations greater than 4 and 10 microM, respectively. Furthermore, sulfation of @entity3 by purified recombinant @entity4 was significant at concentrations of @entity3 less than 10 microM. Western blots showed that the @entity2 levels in liver are highly variable between liver samples and that no correlation was observed between @entity2 activity and protein level in liver cytosols. However, a correlation between @entity2 activity and protein level was observed in @entity0 placental cytosols, where @entity4 is not expressed. We believe that in @entity0 liver other SULT isoforms (particularly @entity4 ) contribute to the sulfation of @entity3 . Therefore, @entity3 is not an ideal substrate with which to quantitate @entity2 activity in @entity0 liver tissue.

title: @entity1 sulfotransferase 1A1 activity in XXXX liver: kinetic properties, interindividual variation and re-evaluation of the suitability of @entity3 as a probe substrate.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The most important pathological feature of @entity1 is @entity0 , which results in airway hyper-responsiveness. We hypothesized that excessive oxidation is likely to contribute to @entity0 in @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of both acute exposure and a 30-day administration of @entity2 (AA), which has an antioxidant effect, on airway responsiveness in sensitized @entity3 . METHODOLOGY: @entity3 sensitized to ovalbumin (OA), were given drinking water without AA (group 2) or with AA (group 3). The responses of tracheal chains of control animals (group 1) and both groups of sensitized @entity3 (n = 10, for all groups) to cumulative concentrations of @entity4 were measured, and the effective concentrations of @entity4 causing 50% of maximum response (EC50 M) were obtained. The response of tracheal chains to 0.1% OA, relative to contraction obtained with 10 micro mol/L @entity4 , was also measured. The tracheal responses to @entity4 and OA were measured on tissues both incubated and not incubated with AA. RESULTS: The tracheal responses of group 2 tissues were significantly greater than those of groups 1 and 3 to both OA and @entity4 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in tracheal responses to OA and @entity4 between groups 1 and 3. Acute incubation of tissues caused a reduction of tracheal response to @entity4 in all groups, but this was only significantly differ-ent for group 3 (P < 0.05). Acute incubation of tissues did not change tracheal response to OA significantly. CONCLUSION: These results showed that although short-term administration of AA had no major effect on tracheal responsiveness among sensitized animals, 30-day administration of AA could lead to a decrease in airway responsiveness of sensitized @entity3 to both OA and @entity4 .

title: Effect of XXXX on airway responsiveness in ovalbumin sensitized @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The most important pathological feature of @entity1 is @entity0 , which results in airway hyper-responsiveness. We hypothesized that excessive oxidation is likely to contribute to @entity0 in @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of both acute exposure and a 30-day administration of @entity2 (AA), which has an antioxidant effect, on airway responsiveness in sensitized @entity3 . METHODOLOGY: @entity3 sensitized to ovalbumin (OA), were given drinking water without AA (group 2) or with AA (group 3). The responses of tracheal chains of control animals (group 1) and both groups of sensitized @entity3 (n = 10, for all groups) to cumulative concentrations of @entity4 were measured, and the effective concentrations of @entity4 causing 50% of maximum response (EC50 M) were obtained. The response of tracheal chains to 0.1% OA, relative to contraction obtained with 10 micro mol/L @entity4 , was also measured. The tracheal responses to @entity4 and OA were measured on tissues both incubated and not incubated with AA. RESULTS: The tracheal responses of group 2 tissues were significantly greater than those of groups 1 and 3 to both OA and @entity4 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in tracheal responses to OA and @entity4 between groups 1 and 3. Acute incubation of tissues caused a reduction of tracheal response to @entity4 in all groups, but this was only significantly differ-ent for group 3 (P < 0.05). Acute incubation of tissues did not change tracheal response to OA significantly. CONCLUSION: These results showed that although short-term administration of AA had no major effect on tracheal responsiveness among sensitized animals, 30-day administration of AA could lead to a decrease in airway responsiveness of sensitized @entity3 to both OA and @entity4 .

title: Effect of @entity2 on airway responsiveness in ovalbumin sensitized XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: To quantify the rates of eye preservation and @entity0 survival, @entity1 relapse and recurrence, and development of new @entity1 in the remaining eye of @entity0 with @entity5 with one eye already enucleated. Also, in the same @entity0 , to describe the types of primary and secondary treatment procedures, and to define the anatomical outcome. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational case series report. The study @entity0 consisted of 107 @entity0 with @entity5 with one eye enucleated within 1 month of baseline examination and had their remaining eye treated conservatively. The main outcome measure were: primary treatment failures, new @entity1 , enucleation of the only eye, @entity2 , remission, and anatomical outcomes ( @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity3 ). RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 8.4 (range 0.2-44, SD 10.1) months with a median ophthalmic follow up of 44.3 (8.1-114, SD 10.1) months. In 22 of the 107 @entity0 (21%) the treated eye was in Reese Ellsworth groups I or II and in the remaining 85 (79%) in groups III-V at diagnosis. The primary treatment was cryotherapy in 14% (15/107) of eyes, radioactive plaque brachytherapy in 3.7% (4/107), and chemotherapy in 10% (11/107). It was lens sparing radiotherapy in 37% (40/107), whole eye radiotherapy in 29% (31/107), combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy in 2.8% (3/107), chemothermotherapy in 0.9% (1/107), and combined focal therapy in 1.8% (2/107). The primary treatment failed to achieve @entity1 control during the follow up period in 37% (40/107) of eyes. In 17 eyes failure was due to inadequate control of the presenting @entity1 , in 16 to development of a new @entity1 , and in eight eyes to a combination of both. 35 (88%) of the 40 failures were managed by secondary conservative treatment and the remaining five were treated by enucleation of the only eye. There were eight (7.4%) deaths and the 3 year survival rate was 93% (100/108). Anatomical results included @entity4 in four cases, tractional @entity6 also in four cases, and 24 @entity0 required @entity3 surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive conservative treatment achieved a good rate of globe salvage without impairing survival.

title: Globe conserving treatment of the only eye in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) has advocated open mesh repair for primary @entity1 but suggested laparoscopic repair may be considered for recurrent @entity1 . AIM: To establish current surgical practice by surgeons from the South West of England. METHODS: A postal survey was distributed to 121 consultant surgeons and a response rate of 75% was achieved. RESULTS: The majority (86%) of the surgeons surveyed performed @entity1 repairs, and most (95%) of these used open mesh repair as standard for primary @entity0 . Only 8% used laparoscopic repair routinely for primary @entity1 . Few consultants (only 28%) were able to quote formally audited @entity1 rates. A total of 90% of respondents still employed open mesh repair routinely for recurrent @entity1 ; however, if mesh had been used for the primary repair, this figure fell to 55%. Some 7% of respondents recommended laparoscopic repair for recurrent @entity1 , but this increased to 17% if the primary repair was done with mesh. All laparoscopic surgeons in the South West employed the totally extraperitoneal approach (TEP). There was a range of opinion on the technical demands of repair of a recurrent @entity1 previously mended with mesh; the commonest cause of mesh failure was thought to be a medial direct recurrence (insufficient mesh medially). CONCLUSIONS: Current surgical practice for primary @entity1 in the South West England reflects NICE guidelines although many surgeons continue to manage recurrent @entity1 by further open repair. In this survey, there was anecdotal evidence to suggest that @entity1 can be managed effectively by open repair.

title: Management of primary and recurrent XXXX by surgeons from the South West of England.

answer: @entity0


abstract: It is good medical practice to offer carrier tests and counselling to the relatives of those affected by @entity1 . Many are concerned about their own chances of having affected offspring. @entity2 carrier tests have been feasible since the discovery of the gene in 1989. It was generally agreed that although population screening was not practical, testing should be offered to relatives and their partners. There is evidence that such offers have not always been made and relatives have sometimes found it difficult to be tested. An active cascade programme of the counselling and testing of @entity2 @entity0 ' relatives and their partners has operated from Royal Manchester @entity0 's Hospital since 1993. The service operates with dedicated staff, backed up by a specialist @entity2 molecular genetics laboratory and a specialist genetic counselling service. The main target groups are couples or individuals of @entity0 -bearing age. There is discouragement of the testing of young @entity0 and of grandparents beyond reproductive age, although, if parents or individuals are insistent, testing is often performed, after counselling. An audit of users has shown satisfaction, very few feeling that they were pressured into having the tests. The experience of other centres with cascade-testing in @entity2 is summarised. Cascades can start whenever a sufferer or carrier is identified, although care should be exercised in instituting active cascades in the extended families of newborns identified as carriers in neonatal screening programmes.

title: Cascade carrier-testing in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To observe in a clinical trial the feasibility, tolerance, and efficacy of reirradiation by three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for locoregionally recurrent @entity1 after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 1999 and March 2001, 23 @entity1 @entity0 with locoregional recurrence after EBRT were enrolled in this study. Of the 23 @entity0 , 21 were @entity0 and 2 were @entity0 (median age 68 years, range 43-79). At the first course of @entity4 , 9 @entity0 had @entity6 , 7 @entity5 , and 7 @entity8 . The interval between the first course of @entity4 and recurrence varied from 6 to 42 months (median 13). The median dose of the first course of @entity4 was 66 Gy (range 30-78). Reirradiation was carried out using 3D-CRT and only covered the radiographic lesions. The median dose of reirradiation was 51 Gy (range 46-60), which was delivered by a conventionally fractionated schedule (i.e., 1.8-2.0 Gy/fraction, 5 fractions/wk). The @entity3 was assessed according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 15 months (range 2-37). Acute @entity7 occurred in 9% of @entity0 (Grade 1-2). @entity9 developed in 22% of @entity0 (Grade 1-2). No cases of acute Grade 3 or greater @entity3 had been recorded at last follow-up. Pulmonary @entity2 was observed in 26% of @entity0 (Grade 2-3); no other severe late complications have been observed. The 1- and 2-year survival rate was 59% and 21%, respectively. The locoregional progression-free rate at 1 and 2 years was 51% and 42%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Reirradiation using 3D-CRT was tolerated by this group of recurrent @entity1 @entity0 without severe complications. The 2-year outcome was encouraging. Reirradiation with 3D-CRT can be considered an option for the management of locoregionally recurrent @entity1 .

title: Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for locoregionally recurrent XXXX after external beam irradiation: a prospective phase I-II clinical trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The natural history of @entity3 in @entity4 is unclear. We aimed to characterise this in an epidemiological first-episode cohort and relate it to long-term outcome. All but 1 of 112 first-episode @entity5 cases ascertained from a geographical catchment area were traced at 10-12 years. Neurocognitive and multi-dimensional outcome assessments were made at interview in 49 cases with @entity4 and @entity2 . Twenty-four of these had completed the same @entity3 at index admission. Comparisons with normative data showed @entity1 in a proportion of the first episode (FE) sample at baseline. Significant deterioration was seen over the follow-up period in three of nine sub-tests: object assembly, picture completion and memory for designs. @entity3 at outcome, but not baseline, correlated with clinical outcome. Poor outcome was associated with a decline in performance on visuo-spatial tasks and a failure to improve on frontal-temporal tasks during the follow-up period. @entity0 may be present in the FE, but do not progress over 10-12 years. Visuo-spatial function is spared in the FE but may deteriorate over time. Changes in both these patterned deficits are predictive of clinical outcome.

title: Neurocognitive function and outcome in XXXX : a 10-year follow-up of an epidemiological cohort.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) plays an important role in @entity1 angiogenesis. The soluble form of @entity7 @entity2 receptor inhibits @entity2 activity in a dominant-negative manner. AIM: This study demonstrated the regional @entity1 suppression effect of adenovirus-mediated soluble @entity7 in @entity0 @entity4 cells. METHODOLOGY: The @entity2 expression level was examined in nine cell lines. Panc-1 and PK-8 were used as lower- and higher- @entity2 -producing cell lines, respectively. The in vitro proliferation of @entity1 cells infected with adenovirus vectors encoding soluble @entity7 (Adsflt) and control vectors (AdLacZ) was not different. To assess the in vivo @entity1 growth suppression, @entity1 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in @entity5 @entity3 . Adsflt, AdLacZ, or vehicle was injected directly into the @entity1 . The early process of @entity1 angiogenesis in a dorsal skinfold chamber was monitored by intravital microscopy. RESULTS: In both Panc-1 cells and PK-8 cells, the @entity1 growth of the Adsflt-treated group was significantly suppressed. The microvessel density, revealed by @entity6 immunostaining, was also significantly lower in the Adsflt-treated group. Apoptosis index was higher in the Adsflt group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of @entity2 not only in @entity1 cells but also in @entity1 stromal cells. Wild-type cells and AdLacZ-infected cells prompted strong @entity1 angiogenesis, whereas Adsflt-infected cells failed to exert such an effect. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that antiangiogenic gene therapy using soluble @entity7 might be an effective approach for @entity4 treatment.

title: Gene therapy for XXXX using an adenovirus vector encoding soluble @entity7 @entity2 receptor.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) plays an important role in @entity1 angiogenesis. The soluble form of @entity7 @entity2 receptor inhibits @entity2 activity in a dominant-negative manner. AIM: This study demonstrated the regional @entity1 suppression effect of adenovirus-mediated soluble @entity7 in @entity0 @entity4 cells. METHODOLOGY: The @entity2 expression level was examined in nine cell lines. Panc-1 and PK-8 were used as lower- and higher- @entity2 -producing cell lines, respectively. The in vitro proliferation of @entity1 cells infected with adenovirus vectors encoding soluble @entity7 (Adsflt) and control vectors (AdLacZ) was not different. To assess the in vivo @entity1 growth suppression, @entity1 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in @entity5 @entity3 . Adsflt, AdLacZ, or vehicle was injected directly into the @entity1 . The early process of @entity1 angiogenesis in a dorsal skinfold chamber was monitored by intravital microscopy. RESULTS: In both Panc-1 cells and PK-8 cells, the @entity1 growth of the Adsflt-treated group was significantly suppressed. The microvessel density, revealed by @entity6 immunostaining, was also significantly lower in the Adsflt-treated group. Apoptosis index was higher in the Adsflt group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of @entity2 not only in @entity1 cells but also in @entity1 stromal cells. Wild-type cells and AdLacZ-infected cells prompted strong @entity1 angiogenesis, whereas Adsflt-infected cells failed to exert such an effect. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that antiangiogenic gene therapy using soluble @entity7 might be an effective approach for @entity4 treatment.

title: Gene therapy for @entity4 using an adenovirus vector encoding soluble @entity7 XXXX receptor.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) plays an important role in @entity1 angiogenesis. The soluble form of @entity7 @entity2 receptor inhibits @entity2 activity in a dominant-negative manner. AIM: This study demonstrated the regional @entity1 suppression effect of adenovirus-mediated soluble @entity7 in @entity0 @entity4 cells. METHODOLOGY: The @entity2 expression level was examined in nine cell lines. Panc-1 and PK-8 were used as lower- and higher- @entity2 -producing cell lines, respectively. The in vitro proliferation of @entity1 cells infected with adenovirus vectors encoding soluble @entity7 (Adsflt) and control vectors (AdLacZ) was not different. To assess the in vivo @entity1 growth suppression, @entity1 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in @entity5 @entity3 . Adsflt, AdLacZ, or vehicle was injected directly into the @entity1 . The early process of @entity1 angiogenesis in a dorsal skinfold chamber was monitored by intravital microscopy. RESULTS: In both Panc-1 cells and PK-8 cells, the @entity1 growth of the Adsflt-treated group was significantly suppressed. The microvessel density, revealed by @entity6 immunostaining, was also significantly lower in the Adsflt-treated group. Apoptosis index was higher in the Adsflt group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of @entity2 not only in @entity1 cells but also in @entity1 stromal cells. Wild-type cells and AdLacZ-infected cells prompted strong @entity1 angiogenesis, whereas Adsflt-infected cells failed to exert such an effect. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that antiangiogenic gene therapy using soluble @entity7 might be an effective approach for @entity4 treatment.

title: Gene therapy for @entity4 using an adenovirus vector encoding soluble XXXX @entity2 receptor.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity5 and @entity3 share many clinical features, including hyperdynamic @entity1 . @entity7 may result in a similar @entity1 . In @entity3 , @entity7 , defined using the short synacthen test (SST), is associated with hemodynamic instability and poor outcome. We examined the SST, a dynamic test of adrenal function, in 45 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and determined the association of these results with hemodynamic profile, severity of illness, and outcomes. Abnormal SSTs were common, occurring in 62% of @entity0 . Those who required @entity6 (NA) for blood pressure support had a significantly lower increment (median, 161 vs. 540 nmol/L; P <.001) following synacthen compared with @entity0 who did not. Increment and peak were lower in @entity0 who required ventilation for the management of @entity2 (increment, 254 vs. 616 nmol/L, P <.01; peak, 533 vs. 1,002 nmol/L, P <.01). Increment was significantly lower in those who fulfilled liver transplant criteria compared with those who did not (121 vs. 356 nmol/L; P <.01). @entity0 who died or underwent liver transplantation had a lower increment (148 vs. 419 nmol/L) and peak (438 vs. 764 nmol/L) than those who survived (P <.01). There was an inverse correlation between increment and severity of illness (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, r = -0.63; P <.01). In conclusion, @entity4 assessed by the SST is common in @entity4 and may contribute to hemodynamic instability and mortality. It is more frequent in those with severe @entity4 and correlates with severity of illness.

title: The clinical importance of XXXX in @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity5 and @entity3 share many clinical features, including hyperdynamic @entity1 . @entity7 may result in a similar @entity1 . In @entity3 , @entity7 , defined using the short synacthen test (SST), is associated with hemodynamic instability and poor outcome. We examined the SST, a dynamic test of adrenal function, in 45 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and determined the association of these results with hemodynamic profile, severity of illness, and outcomes. Abnormal SSTs were common, occurring in 62% of @entity0 . Those who required @entity6 (NA) for blood pressure support had a significantly lower increment (median, 161 vs. 540 nmol/L; P <.001) following synacthen compared with @entity0 who did not. Increment and peak were lower in @entity0 who required ventilation for the management of @entity2 (increment, 254 vs. 616 nmol/L, P <.01; peak, 533 vs. 1,002 nmol/L, P <.01). Increment was significantly lower in those who fulfilled liver transplant criteria compared with those who did not (121 vs. 356 nmol/L; P <.01). @entity0 who died or underwent liver transplantation had a lower increment (148 vs. 419 nmol/L) and peak (438 vs. 764 nmol/L) than those who survived (P <.01). There was an inverse correlation between increment and severity of illness (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, r = -0.63; P <.01). In conclusion, @entity4 assessed by the SST is common in @entity4 and may contribute to hemodynamic instability and mortality. It is more frequent in those with severe @entity4 and correlates with severity of illness.

title: The clinical importance of @entity7 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 in @entity5 are frequent and sometimes they are the first symptoms of the disease. @entity5 may cause a variety of clinical presentations and pathologic patterns, which can be difficult to diagnose. We observed 11 @entity0 (9 @entity0 and 2 @entity0 ) with pulmonary manifestations of @entity5 during last 18 years in our department. Mean age of @entity0 was 47.7 +/- 13.4 years. There were no @entity0 with drug induced @entity5 . @entity3 (7/11) acute or chronic and pleural involvement (5/11) were the most frequent clinical presentation. In three cases @entity4 presented as reduction of FEV1%VC index was detected. In one case " @entity2 was confirmed by muscle function (diaphragm relaxation time) and lung function tests. @entity1 confirmed by echocardiography, was associated with @entity3 or @entity6 . Six cases representing different lung involvement pattern of @entity5 were described in details.

title: [Lung involvement in XXXX ( @entity5 )--own experience].

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 in @entity5 are frequent and sometimes they are the first symptoms of the disease. @entity5 may cause a variety of clinical presentations and pathologic patterns, which can be difficult to diagnose. We observed 11 @entity0 (9 @entity0 and 2 @entity0 ) with pulmonary manifestations of @entity5 during last 18 years in our department. Mean age of @entity0 was 47.7 +/- 13.4 years. There were no @entity0 with drug induced @entity5 . @entity3 (7/11) acute or chronic and pleural involvement (5/11) were the most frequent clinical presentation. In three cases @entity4 presented as reduction of FEV1%VC index was detected. In one case " @entity2 was confirmed by muscle function (diaphragm relaxation time) and lung function tests. @entity1 confirmed by echocardiography, was associated with @entity3 or @entity6 . Six cases representing different lung involvement pattern of @entity5 were described in details.

title: [Lung involvement in @entity5 ( XXXX )--own experience].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Our aim was to assess the efficacy of the liver dialysis unit (LDU) in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity5 -induced @entity3 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity0 with @entity5 -induced @entity3 between January 1996 and December 2001 were retrospectively studied. A liver dialysis unit became available in our Unit in July 2000, and as of December 2001, four of these 17 @entity0 had undergone treatment with liver dialysis. RESULTS: Mean age was 29 years (range: 14-47) and 76% were @entity0 . Four of 17 @entity0 underwent a total of 12 (range: 1-4) LDU sessions. Ammonia level tended to be lower following the LDU and all four @entity0 recovered without a need for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Prior to July 2000, eight of 13 @entity0 survived with supportive therapy, three expired and two underwent OLT. No major @entity2 episodes were observed during the LDU course. A significant difference was found between the three cases who died and the cases that survived with respect to the grade of @entity1 (p<0.001). There was significant difference in the admission serum @entity4 among survivors (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the Liver Dialysis Unit treatment appeared to benefit @entity0 with @entity5 -induced @entity3 by reverse of the @entity1 and spontaneous recovery of the damaged liver in selected @entity0 .

title: Experience with liver dialysis in XXXX induced @entity3 : a preliminary report.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Our aim was to assess the efficacy of the liver dialysis unit (LDU) in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity5 -induced @entity3 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity0 with @entity5 -induced @entity3 between January 1996 and December 2001 were retrospectively studied. A liver dialysis unit became available in our Unit in July 2000, and as of December 2001, four of these 17 @entity0 had undergone treatment with liver dialysis. RESULTS: Mean age was 29 years (range: 14-47) and 76% were @entity0 . Four of 17 @entity0 underwent a total of 12 (range: 1-4) LDU sessions. Ammonia level tended to be lower following the LDU and all four @entity0 recovered without a need for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Prior to July 2000, eight of 13 @entity0 survived with supportive therapy, three expired and two underwent OLT. No major @entity2 episodes were observed during the LDU course. A significant difference was found between the three cases who died and the cases that survived with respect to the grade of @entity1 (p<0.001). There was significant difference in the admission serum @entity4 among survivors (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the Liver Dialysis Unit treatment appeared to benefit @entity0 with @entity5 -induced @entity3 by reverse of the @entity1 and spontaneous recovery of the damaged liver in selected @entity0 .

title: Experience with liver dialysis in @entity5 induced XXXX : a preliminary report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Trisomy rescue is one of various proposed mechanisms in formation of supernumerary @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In the present report a small de novo marker chromosome derived from chromosome 14 or 22 was diagnosed at prenatal diagnosis due to maternal age. Follow up investigations at birth revealed mosaicism 47,XX,+mar/46,XX. Using FISH, the marker was positive for the probe D14/22Z1, but negative for the probes midi 54 and D22Z4. Using three informative markers both chromosomes 22 were shown to be inherited from the mother (UPDmat). The results are consistent with nondisjunction at maternal meiosis I. The @entity0 is 18 months old now and phenotypically normal. @entity1 were excluded by sonographic examinations. Motor and mental development is according to or ahead of developmental milestones (free walking with 10 months, first words at 12 months). The case confirms that maternal @entity3 22 most likely is not associated with clinical abnormalities. According to FISH results, @entity3 22, and 47,XX,+22 in the placenta, we conclude that the @entity2 was derived from alpha satellite sequences of chromosome 22. This case for the first time gives evidence that early postzygotic reduction of a chromosome to a @entity2 is a real existing mechanism to rescue a conceptus with trisomy.

title: Supernumerary XXXX ( @entity2 ) and uniparental disomy 22 in a @entity0 with confined placental mosaicism of trisomy 22: trisomy rescue due to marker chromosome formation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Trisomy rescue is one of various proposed mechanisms in formation of supernumerary @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In the present report a small de novo marker chromosome derived from chromosome 14 or 22 was diagnosed at prenatal diagnosis due to maternal age. Follow up investigations at birth revealed mosaicism 47,XX,+mar/46,XX. Using FISH, the marker was positive for the probe D14/22Z1, but negative for the probes midi 54 and D22Z4. Using three informative markers both chromosomes 22 were shown to be inherited from the mother (UPDmat). The results are consistent with nondisjunction at maternal meiosis I. The @entity0 is 18 months old now and phenotypically normal. @entity1 were excluded by sonographic examinations. Motor and mental development is according to or ahead of developmental milestones (free walking with 10 months, first words at 12 months). The case confirms that maternal @entity3 22 most likely is not associated with clinical abnormalities. According to FISH results, @entity3 22, and 47,XX,+22 in the placenta, we conclude that the @entity2 was derived from alpha satellite sequences of chromosome 22. This case for the first time gives evidence that early postzygotic reduction of a chromosome to a @entity2 is a real existing mechanism to rescue a conceptus with trisomy.

title: Supernumerary @entity2 ( XXXX ) and uniparental disomy 22 in a @entity0 with confined placental mosaicism of trisomy 22: trisomy rescue due to marker chromosome formation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Trisomy rescue is one of various proposed mechanisms in formation of supernumerary @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In the present report a small de novo marker chromosome derived from chromosome 14 or 22 was diagnosed at prenatal diagnosis due to maternal age. Follow up investigations at birth revealed mosaicism 47,XX,+mar/46,XX. Using FISH, the marker was positive for the probe D14/22Z1, but negative for the probes midi 54 and D22Z4. Using three informative markers both chromosomes 22 were shown to be inherited from the mother (UPDmat). The results are consistent with nondisjunction at maternal meiosis I. The @entity0 is 18 months old now and phenotypically normal. @entity1 were excluded by sonographic examinations. Motor and mental development is according to or ahead of developmental milestones (free walking with 10 months, first words at 12 months). The case confirms that maternal @entity3 22 most likely is not associated with clinical abnormalities. According to FISH results, @entity3 22, and 47,XX,+22 in the placenta, we conclude that the @entity2 was derived from alpha satellite sequences of chromosome 22. This case for the first time gives evidence that early postzygotic reduction of a chromosome to a @entity2 is a real existing mechanism to rescue a conceptus with trisomy.

title: Supernumerary @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and uniparental disomy 22 in a XXXX with confined placental mosaicism of trisomy 22: trisomy rescue due to marker chromosome formation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Rotator cuff conditions are characterized by unspecific signs, as well as anatomic alterations and symptoms. They have a multifactorial etiology and may include everything from @entity4 to massive, full thickness tears of the rotator cuff tendon that compromise the normal biomechanics of the involved shoulder. They usually occur in @entity0 over 40 years of age but lesions resulting from @entity2 may vary according to the mechanism of injury and are not directly related with the age at onset of symptoms. Vascular factors have been described as related with rotator cuff @entity1 in conditions affecting the microcirculation. However, recent studies have not proven that the tendon under direct observation shows hypovascularity. Type A botulinum toxin acts by blocking the release of @entity5 in the neuromuscular plate; in the joints it releases capsular tension and reduces proinflammatory factors such as interleukin-1 (IL-1). There are only a few papers on its intraarticular benefit; in muscle and tendon groups it not only has a muscle relaxant effect, but several publications support its utility for @entity3 management. It has been widely used in the rehabilitation of this group of @entity0 at low doses. Material and methods: Prospective, investigational and longitudinal study involving the follow-up of 24 @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity3 proven clinically and with imaging tests, and caused by rotator cuff lesions. The @entity0 either did not meet the criteria for immediate surgical repair or had already undergone such a repair. Type A botulinum toxin was applied to 12 @entity0 in the subacromial space around the rotator cuff conjoint tendon, as well as in the @entity3 and in the @entity6 in the shoulder. The total dose of Type A botulinum toxin was 200 IU. The control group, also composed of 12 @entity0 , was given a @entity7 oral antiinflammatory agent for 6 weeks ( @entity8 , 100 mg BID). Both groups followed a pre-established rehabilitation program for a total of 6 weeks and were supervised every 2 weeks. Subjective and objective assessments were made including @entity3 , performance level and possible mobility, using Constant's functional shoulder assessment and the visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: @entity8 group: Mean initial Constant scale score was 60; after the first dose it remained unchanged. After 2 weeks of treatment with @entity8 the mean Constant score was 66; by 6 weeks it was 70.33, with p > 0.005. The botulinum toxin group received a maximum dose of 200 IU in the affected shoulder, 50 IU were administered subacromially and 150 in the @entity3 . This treatment was combined with rehabilitation exercises supervised at the doc tor's office. The mean initial Constant scale score was 58; immediately after the first dose it went up to 70.83. Two weeks after the injection and the supervision of rehabilitation exercises at the office, the mean Constant scale score was 77.16; at six weeks it was 78.5, with p < 0.005 (p = 0.00045). The VAS in the @entity8 group decreased at six weeks with p < 0.005.

title: [Functional results of type A botulinum toxin versus oral anti-inflammatory agents in the rehabilitation of XXXX caused by rotator cuff lesion].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgical procedures are becoming a standard treatment for morbid @entity2 in many western countries and in some Asian countries. AIM: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the initial 30 cases of bariatric surgical procedures performed for morbid @entity2 at a single institution in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2012 until September 2014, 30 bariatric surgical procedures were performed for morbid @entity2 at a single medical center (Kyushu University Hospital) in Japan. RESULTS: All of the operations procedures were planned laparoscopic procedures, and none required conversion to laparotomy. There were no perioperative or postoperative mortalities. @entity4 occurred in 3 @entity0 : 1 @entity0 developed an @entity8 , 1 @entity0 experienced temporary food intolerance, and 1 @entity0 developed @entity7 . The excessive body @entity5 rates after surgery at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year post-surgery were 26.1%, 39.2%, 41.7%, and 51.2%, respectively. The mean body mass index (BMI) at the same time points were 38.3%, 36.4%, 35.5%, and 31.4%, respectively. Eighteen @entity0 had @entity1 (T2DM). The mean preoperative fasting blood @entity6 levels were 169    37 mg/dL. Following surgery, the blood @entity6 levels at 3, 6 and 12 months were 113    12, 115    22, and 110    19, mg/dL, respectively. The preoperative HbA1c percentage was 7.9    0.5. Following surgery, the HbA1c percentages at 3, 6, and 12 months were 6.9    0.5, 6.2    0.9, and 5.9    0.6, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgical procedures are effective and safe for the treatment of morbid @entity2 . Our results indicate that the mechanism of improvement of @entity1 and @entity3 following bariatric surgical procedures is not simply as a result of calorie restriction and @entity5 .

title: Clinical significance of the laparoscopic bariatric surgeries for morbid XXXX : initial 30 cases at a single institution in Japan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effect of diagnostic mydriasis with 1% @entity3 on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of @entity0 @entity2 , medical retina and @entity1 clinics. METHODS: Levels of agreement for IOP assessment were determined and 95% of repeated readings found to be within +/-2 mmHg. The IOP of 83 @entity1 , 87 medical retinal and 100 @entity2 @entity0 was measured with Goldmann applanation tonometry before and 45 min after dilatation with 1% @entity3 . Those showing a substantial (>10 mmHg) increase in IOP underwent gonioscopy to determine if their angles remained open and were medically treated to lower their IOP. RESULTS: An approximately normal distribution of change in IOP following dilatation was seen in all three groups (mean change 0.4 mmHg (95% CI 0.1-0.8)). The proportion of @entity0 with a rise of 5 mmHg or more in the right eye was 7% (95% CI 4-10%). Logistic regression using all right eyes, looking at age, sex, diagnosis, ethnicity, ocular medication, iris colour and lens status (phakic/pseudophakic/aphakic) as risk factors for a rise of IOP of 5 mmHg or more did not reveal any significant contribution. Correlation between results obtained for right and left eyes in the @entity2 group was lower (0.43) than for the other groups (0.66 and 0.72), but the extent to which the direction of change in one eye predicted that in the other was shown to be high. Two @entity2 @entity0 with open angles developed a clinically important (>10 mmHg) sustained rise in IOP requiring treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Individual variability in the effects of @entity3 on aqueous dynamics may account for the approximately normal distribution of IOP seen following dilatation in all three groups. This variation was in excess of that due to observation error alone. It is recommended that the IOP be rechecked after dilation in @entity2 @entity0 with significantly damaged optic nerve heads. In medical retina and @entity1 @entity0 , sustained clinically important rises in intraocular pressure following dilation seem rarer.

title: Changes in intraocular pressure following diagnostic mydriasis with XXXX 1%.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Operative treatment consisting of @entity2 reduction and fixation, or arthroplasty to permit early @entity0 mobilization, continues to be the treatment of choice for most @entity3 . Options for internal fixation have included a variety of implants; however most recent reports and textbooks cite parallel multiple cancellous screws as the surgical technique of choice. METHODS: The study was prospective, randomized and IRB approved. Inclusion criteria included skeletal maturity, closed @entity3 without concomitant @entity2 or @entity1 with complete charts and adequate radiographs obtained from the initial injury till the last follow-up. Forty-four @entity0 were enrolled in this study during one-year period at two university centers. 22 were randomized to be treated with full threaded, cannulated compression screws (Acutrak 6/7, ACUMED) (Group 1) and the other 22 with 16mm partial threaded, 6.5mm or 7.3mm cannulated screws (SYNTHES) (Group 2). Three or four screws were used in both groups according to @entity2 type and surgeon's preference. Data evaluated included surgical time, fluoroscopy time, @entity2 type, radiological outcome, complications and functional status using the Harris Hip Score. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable in terms of age and gender. There was not a significant difference in terms of surgical time, follow-up period, @entity2 type, or fluoroscopy time. There were eight complications in Group 1 and two in Group 2 (P=0.049) Time to union was significantly longer in Group 1 (P=0.001). However, Hip Scores were not significantly different in both groups (P=0.20). CONCLUSION: When compared with full threaded compression screws, partial-threaded cannulated screws provides a shorter union time and less complication rate while providing equivalent functional results in adult @entity3 .

title: Should full threaded compression screws be used in adult XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The perception we have of our own body, called 'body image,' is crucial for self-awareness. Here, we evoked reproducible mental imagery of a @entity5 by intrasurgical electrostimulation of the central cortex. CASE REPORT: A 24-year-old @entity0 experienced @entity3 involving vivid mental imagery of biomechanically impossible movements of the upper limb. A right precentral @entity1 was diagnosed. Awake surgery with intraoperative electrostimulation sensorimotor mapping was performed. Remarkably, the same mental representations of biomechanically impossible movements of the left upper limb were repeatedly elicited during stimulation of the central cortex. These eloquent areas were preserved, even though the precentral part of the knob of the hand was removed. After a transient @entity4 , the @entity0 recovered and resumed a normal life which included playing the guitar. CONCLUSION: These mental experiences of a @entity5 generated by intraoperative stimulation could be related to neuroplasticity mechanisms induced by the slow growth of @entity1 within the knob of the hand. Such a functional reorganization may explain why this area was removed without @entity2 . This perception of biomechanically impossible movements during surgery might be due to a transient disruption by stimulating the frontoparietal network involved in the coding of the body image.

title: Vivid Mental Imagery of Biomechanically Impossible Movements Elicited by Cortical Electrostimulation of the Central Region in an Awake XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic ability of the transcriptional profiling of the HER family genes in early @entity0 , as a validation analysis of another previously published HeCOG study. METHODS: RNA was extracted from 663 @entity3 -fixed @entity5 -embedded (FFPE) @entity2 tissue samples of high-risk early @entity0 @entity1 enrolled in the randomized HE10/00 trial. Relative mRNA expression of all four HER family members was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: In compliance with our previous study, the overall agreement between qRT-PCR and IHC/FISH for @entity7 status determination was good (69%). Likewise, the overall concordance between qRT-PCR and IHC for @entity4 status was high (81%). In line with our previously reported data, we demonstrated a positive association between @entity7 and @entity8 mRNA expression. Similarly, mRNA expression of @entity8 and @entity9 was positively associated with each other and negatively associated with @entity4 . Regarding relationships with clinico-pathological parameters, our findings are also in agreement with our previous results. Generally, increased @entity4 and @entity7 mRNA expression was related to unfavorable, whereas high @entity8 and @entity9 mRNA expression was associated with favorable clinico-pathological parameters. In univariate analysis, no significant association between @entity4 , @entity7 and @entity8 mRNA expression and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or disease-free survival (DFS) was demonstrated. However, high @entity4 protein expression was associated with significantly shorter @entity6 (log-rank, p = 0.015). In compliance with our previously published data, increased @entity9 mRNA expression had a significantly favorable prognostic value in terms of @entity6 (p = 0.044) and DFS (p = 0.047). In multivariate analysis, among all HER receptors, only @entity4 protein expression was found to affect @entity6 (Wald's p = 0.028) and DFS (p = 0.015) independently. Concerning the combined expression of all four HER family receptors, the combination of high @entity4 , high @entity7 , low @entity8 and low @entity9 mRNA expression was associated with a trend for shorter @entity6 (log-rank, p = 0.065) and significantly worse DFS (p = 0.033), compared with all other co-expression profiles. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that qRT-PCR may represent a valid alternative method for evaluating the expression of HER family members in FFPE @entity0 tissue samples. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12609001036202.

title: Evaluation of the prognostic significance of HER family mRNA expression in high-risk early XXXX : a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HeCOG) validation study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large single-centre institutional series on thymic @entity1 are rare. Complete resection remains the mainstay of successful treatment. Characteristics and survival were reviewed in all @entity0 treated between 1993-2013. METHODS: Hospital databases revealed 134 @entity0 with pathologically-proven thymic @entity1 . Follow-up (median 63 months) was through @entity0 notes and telephone contact with general practitioner. RESULTS: @entity0 were classified in Masaoka-Koga stages: I: 50 (37%); IIa: 14 (10%); IIb: 14 (10%); III: 27 (20%); IVa: 19 (14%); IVb: 4 (3%); unknown: 6 (5%). According to WHO classification, pathological subtypes were A: 19 (14%); AB: 25 (19%); B1: 21 (16%); B2: 31 (23%); B3: 15 (11%); @entity2 : 23 (17%). Parathymic syndromes were diagnosed in 45 @entity0 : @entity4 (84%); @entity3 (4%); @entity5 (2%); and others. 124 @entity0 (93%) underwent surgery with complete resection in 104 (84%). Surgical approach was: sternotomy: 79; thoracotomy: 35; cervicotomy: 2; other/unknown: 8. In 73 @entity0 (59%) no biopsy was taken prior to surgical resection, 25 were treated with induction chemotherapy, 36 received adjuvant radiotherapy. Hospital mortality was 0.81%. 35 @entity0 died during follow-up (13 of @entity1 or treatment-related causes). Overall and recurrence-free survival at 5, 10, and 15 years were 86%; 64%; 47% and 67%; 49%; and 31%, respectively and were significantly (p < 0.01) different according to Masaoka-Koga stage. There was a significant association between WHO classification and Masaoka-Koga stages I-IIa-IIb versus III-IVa-IVb (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Operability and complete resectability of thymic @entity1 in our experience is high resulting in prolonged overall and recurrence-free survival. Masaoka-Koga stage is an important predictor for survival and shows a significant association with WHO classification.

title: Single-centre 20-year experience with surgical XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of bitoric ablation (cross cylinder) in 1 eye and ordinary monotoric treatment in the contralateral eye of @entity0 with mixed @entity1 . SETTING: Instituto Oftalmol  gico de Alicante and University of Miguel Hern  ndez, Alicante, Spain. METHODS: A comparative consecutive study was initiated in 30 eyes of 15 @entity0 with mixed @entity1 . In each @entity0 , 1 eye was treated with bitoric ablation (Group 1) and the other eye was treated with monotoric ablation (Group 2). The decision to treat with bitoric or monotoric ablation was randomized. All @entity0 were operated on by the same surgeon (J.L.A.) and examined by the same investigators (M.J.A., M.A.H.). All completed a 6-month follow-up. Visual acuity was estimated by transforming the Snellen chart readings into logMAR equivalents. In Group 1, theoretical ablation was also performed on glass slides by making 3 ablation profiles (positive, negative, and bitoric). RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in the mean uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), the mean @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and the mean refractive cylinder in Group 1 (P<.0001, P =.04, P<.0001, respectively) and in the mean refractive cylinder in Group 2 (P =.01). Better results were obtained in the mean incremental change in UCVA, best corrected visual acuity, @entity2 , and refractive cylinder in Group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Treatments to correct mixed @entity1 vary in ablation profiles and depth. Bitoric ablation appears to be safer, more effective, and more tissue sparing than the standard treatment.

title: Laser in situ keratomileusis correction of mixed XXXX by bitoric ablation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Little is known about cardiac surgery-associated @entity3 (CS-AKI) in @entity0 in developing regions of the world. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of CSAKI, associated factors and its impact on mortality and utilization of hospital services. The hospital records of @entity0 aged 0-17 years who underwent CS at an Indian hospital were reviewed. CS-AKI was defined as a rise in serum @entity4 of >= 0.3 mg/dL in any 48 h and or by urine output <0.5 mL/kg/h for an 8-h period in the first five days after CS. The study included 323 @entity0 with a median age of one year (0.04-17), of whom 22 (6.8%) were neonates and 18.3% had a single ventricle. About 60% of the @entity0 had Risk Adjusted Congenital Heart Surgery-I category 1 or 2 interventions. CS-AKI occurred in 39 @entity0 (12.1%). Factors associated with CS-AKI were @entity1 and intraand post-operative @entity2 . In-hospital mortality was six-fold higher in @entity0 who developed CS-AKI. CS-AKI was associated with two to three days more of mechanical ventilation and Intensive care unit stay. CS-AKI occurs in @entity0 in developing countries, but at a lower frequency mainly due to the predominance of post-neonatal @entity0 undergoing less-complex CSs. CS-AKI was associated with higher in-hospital mortality and increased utilization of hospital services. Factors associated with CS-AKI included intraand post-operative @entity2 and @entity1 .

title: Cardiac surgery-associated XXXX in a developing country: Prevalence, risk factors and outcome.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a training programme intended to improve the management of @entity1 , delivered to general practice teams. DESIGN: Cluster randomised trial. SETTING: Northern and Yorkshire region of England. @entity0 : 44 general practices invited consecutively attending obese adults to participate; 843 @entity0 attended for collection of baseline data and were subsequently randomised. INTERVENTION: 4.5 hour training programme promoting an @entity1 management model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Difference in weight between @entity0 in intervention and control groups at 12 months (main outcome measure) and at 3 months and 18 months; change in practitioners' knowledge and behaviour in @entity1 management consultations. RESULTS: Twelve months after training the @entity0 in the intervention group were 1 (95% confidence interval--1.9 to 3.9) kg heavier than controls (P = 0.5). Some evidence indicated that practitioners' knowledge had improved. Some aspects of the management model, including recording weight, target weight, and dietary targets, occurred more frequently in intervention practices after the training, but in absolute terms levels of implementation were low. CONCLUSION: A training package promoting a brief, prescriptive approach to the treatment of @entity1 through lifestyle modification, intended to be incorporated into routine clinical practice, did not ultimately affect the weight of this motivated and at risk cohort of @entity0 .

title: Improving management of XXXX in primary care: cluster randomised trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative contribution of general practices (GPs) to the diagnosis of @entity1 and gonorrhoea in England and whether treatment complied with national guidelines. DESIGN: Analysis of longitudinal electronic health records in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and national @entity3 ( @entity3 ) surveillance databases, England, 2000-2011. SETTING: GPs, and community and specialist @entity3 services. @entity0 : @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 (n=1,386,169) and gonorrhoea (n=232,720) at CPRD GPs, and community and specialist @entity3 Services from 2000-2011. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers and rates of @entity1 and gonorrhoea diagnoses; percentages of @entity0 diagnosed by GPs relative to other services; percentage of GP @entity0 treated and antimicrobials used; percentage of GP @entity0 referred. RESULTS: The diagnosis rate (95% CI) per 100,000 population of @entity1 in GP increased from 22.8 (22.4-23.2) in 2000 to 29.3 (28.8-29.7) in 2011 (p<0.001), while the proportion treated increased from 59.5% to 78.4% (p=0.001). Over 90% were prescribed a recommended antimicrobial. Over the same period, the diagnosis rate (95% CI) per 100,000 population of gonorrhoea in GP ranged between 3.2 (3-3.3) and 2.4 (2.2-2.5; p=0.607), and the proportion treated ranged between 32.7% and 53.6% (p=0.262). Despite being discontinued as a recommended therapy for gonorrhoea in 2005, @entity2 accounted for 42% of prescriptions in 2007 and 20% in 2011. Over the study period, GPs diagnosed between 9% and 16% of @entity1 cases and between 6% and 9% of gonorrhoea cases in England. CONCLUSIONS: GP makes an important contribution to the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial STIs in England. While most @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 were managed appropriately, many of those treated for gonorrhoea received antimicrobials no longer recommended for use. Given the global threat of antimicrobial resistance, GPs should remain abreast of national treatment guidelines and alert to treatment failure in their @entity0 .

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX and gonorrhoea in general practice in England 2000-2011: a population-based study using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate in a prospective, multicenter setting the long-term effectiveness of @entity6 stents in the percutaneous management of @entity8 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 (n = 426; age range, 19-88 years, mean, 48; 91 @entity0 , 335 @entity0 ) with severe @entity8 had stents (470 eyes/496 stents) inserted to treat unilateral or bilateral and complete or partial obstruction of the nasolacrimal system. The etiology of the obstruction was idiopathic in 280 cases (59.5%) and @entity7 in 190 (40.4%). The stent set designed by Song was used in all @entity0 , and the original technique was slightly modified by us and conducted on an outpatient basis. RESULTS: The initial technical success rate of stent placement was 95%. The average time of the procedure was 6 minutes (range, 3-70). @entity8 was complete in 452 eyes and partial in 18. On follow-up (mean, 24 months; range, 1 week to 67 months), 340 of 496 stents remained patent (68.5%). Segregating primary patency by year of follow-up, the rates were 75.6%, 68.4%, 64.8%, 60.1%, and 59.2% in the first, second, third, fourth, and the current (67 months) years, respectively. Minor complications such as moderate @entity3 (21 cases), @entity5 (75 cases), palpebral @entity1 and @entity4 (31 cases), and @entity2 (four cases) and two acute @entity7 events were recorded. Of the 156 obstructed stents, 114 were withdrawn, and 49 of these @entity0 remained asymptomatic for a mean of 27 months (secondary patency, 31.4%). After stent removal, the sac configuration was unchanged in 93 (81.5%), contracted in 11 (9.6%), and widened in 10 (8.8%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: The procedure is simple and safe, both in stent insertion and in withdrawal when occluded. The success rate was >75% in the short term and >55% in the long term. Although not totally without concerns, the technique is attractive for most @entity0 who prefer not to undergo surgery or are unsuitable surgical candidates. Stent failure does not preclude subsequent treatment options and is an excellent first-line treatment of @entity8 .

title: XXXX with nasolacrimal stents: results of long-term follow-up in a multicenter prospective study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report is presented. OBJECTIVES: To present a very rare case of orally ingested sex hormone pills inducing nondurally attached @entity5 in the lumbosacral region. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity5 are known to enlarge in response to female sex hormones. At this writing, few cases of nondurally based @entity5 have been reported. Moreover, @entity5 in the lumbosacral region are very rare. @entity5 predominantly arise in the fourth to sixth decades of life and are more common in @entity0 . METHODS: The @entity0 was a 20-year-old @entity0 . She had undergone oral sex @entity2 therapy for long-term @entity6 . The @entity0 complained of intolerable lumbago and numbness in her buttocks. Nonopioid analgesics did not relieve her @entity3 , and she was unable to walk without the aid of a walker. Radiography disclosed a @entity1 . RESULTS: Complete @entity1 was performed. The @entity1 was not adherent to the dura, and its appearance was that of a typical @entity4 . However, the pathologic diagnosis was @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 in the reported case may have enlarged in response to orally ingested sex @entity2 pills. Nondural @entity5 are quite uncommon. The gross appearance of the @entity1 during surgery was typical of @entity4 . All the cases reported so far, including the current case, have involved @entity1 located in the lumbosacral region. Care must be taken in the management of @entity1 because @entity1 resembling @entity4 may in fact represent @entity5 , some subtypes of which possess a high rate of recurrence.

title: A rare case of lumbosacral meningioma: nondural attachment and possible enlargement by orally administered sex XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative placement of self-expanding metal stents is used in @entity0 with obstructing @entity2 to prevent an emergency operation. The perceived benefits remain the subject of discussion. The data-evaluating function and complications of stents in relation to radiological position are limited. METHODS: @entity0 receiving a preoperative stent between 2003 and 2013 were retrospectively analysed in this single-centre study. We analysed radiological deployment, eccentricity and angulation of the stent directly after placement. Endpoints were clinical success (resolution of @entity3 ), complications needing non-elective surgery (blow-out, perforation, persistent @entity3 , dislocation) and other complications ( @entity1 , infiltrate). Associations were corrected for other potential influences. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity0 were included. In 22 @entity0 (26.8%), the stent was placed proximal to the @entity4 . Clinical success was present in 85.4%. Twenty-two @entity0 (26.8%) had a complication of which 16 (19.5%) underwent urgent surgery for insufficient functioning of the stent; there were two blow-outs (2.4%). A more symmetrically placed stent was associated with clinical success (p = 0.042), with large overlap between groups. However, no association was found with non-elective surgery or complications. Also, angulation and deployment were unassociated with these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: We could not establish an association between symmetry, angulation or deployment of self-expandable colonic stents with clinical success and complications.

title: Radiological Position and Clinical Outcome of Preoperative Self-Expanding Metal Stents for Obstructing XXXX : A Single-Centre Cohort Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Remote @entity2 conditioning has been shown to protect against @entity1 in animal and @entity0 studies of @entity2 -reperfusion. Recent evidence suggests that conditioning may also provide protection against @entity1 caused by contrast medium. The purpose of this study was to determine if conditioning protected against increases in serum @entity4 (SCr) after contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). METHODS: A randomised controlled trial (NCT 01741896) was performed with institutional review board approval and informed @entity0 consent. Adult in- @entity0 undergoing abdomino-pelvic CECT were allocated to conditioned or control groups. Conditioning consisted of four cycles of five minutes of cuff-induced arm @entity2 with three minutes of reperfusion applied ~40 minutes before CECT. The primary outcome was SCr change after CECT. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. For all @entity0 , conditioning reduced the risk ratio (RR) of increased SCr; RR 0.65 (95% confidence intervals 0.41 to 1.04). The protective effect was greater and the evidence for protection stronger when analysis was restricted to @entity0 with pre-scan reduced renal function ( @entity3 .

title: Remote XXXX conditioning and renal function after contrast-enhanced CT scan: A randomized trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Remodeling of the extracellular matrix seems to be a crucial event in the pathogenesis of @entity1 . Matrix metalloproteinases are the most important degrading enzymes in the extracellular matrix. Their activity is controlled predominantly by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). To investigate the possible impact of genetic variants within the genes encoding @entity6 , we conducted this case-control study. METHODS: A study sample was analyzed that comprised 44 @entity0 with @entity1 and 44, 41, and 40 controls for the analysis of @entity6 , respectively. Differences in genotype and allele frequencies of identified polymorphisms were determined. The entire coding regions and parts of the promoter sequences of the @entity6 genes were with using the automated laser fluorescence technique. RESULTS: Nine polymorphisms were identified, 3 located in @entity4 ( @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity9 ), 4 in @entity3 ( @entity10 , @entity11 , @entity12 , @entity13 ), and 2 in @entity5 ( @entity14 , @entity8 ), whereas @entity10 , @entity11 , and @entity12 of the @entity3 gene are newly identified polymorphisms. We detected no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in any of the groups. The C allele of the @entity9 polymorphism was more frequently found in female than in male controls (exact nominal P=0.0012). However, this finding could not be validated by analysis of a second sample of 113 controls (exact nominal P=1.0000). There were no differences in genotype and allele frequencies between any of the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis of the entire coding region of 3 TIMPs, which are the main inhibitors of metalloproteinase activity in the extracellular matrix, failed to show an association between genetic polymorphisms and an @entity1 . These data do not support the hypothesis that genetic variants within these genes have an impact on @entity2 development in the white population.

title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, -2, and -3 polymorphisms in a white population with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a unique wake-promoting agent that is chemically distinct from traditional stimulants. Results of a placebo-controlled study showed it to improve @entity3 in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) at a dose of 200 mg daily, but not at a dose of 400 mg daily. OBJECTIVE: To establish the efficacy, safety and appropriate dose of @entity6 in the treatment of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHOD: A total of 50 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 (mean age 40.4 +/- 10.3 years, 30 females/20 males; @entity1 type: 36 relapsing remitting, 1 primary progressive, 13 secondary progressive; mean disability level 3.8 +/- 1.5 on the Kurtzke EDSS) and complaining of chronic @entity3 were enrolled in a prospective 3-month, two-center, open-label study. Efficacy was evaluated with the @entity7 ( @entity7 , score range 0-42), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS, score range 0-24) and by subjective @entity0 appraisal of change of @entity3 , quality of life and overall satisfaction with treatment. Adverse effects (AEs) were recorded throughout the study. Treatment was started with a single daily dose of 100 mg in all @entity0 . In non-responders the dose was increased by 100 mg increments up to a maximum daily dose of 400 mg. RESULTS: Three @entity0 discontinued @entity6 because of AEs (nervousness, @entity4 ). Two @entity0 (4 %) were treated with 50 mg, 25 (50 %) with 100 mg, 21 (42 %) with 200 mg and 2 (4 %) with 300 mg daily. No @entity0 required 400 mg daily. Mean @entity7 scores were 30.3 +/- 8.5 at baseline and 25.4 +/- 3.7 at 3 months (p < 0.0001). Mean ESS scores were 9.7 +/- 3.9 at baseline and 4.9 +/- 2.9 at 3 months (p < 0.0001). Self-appraisal of change of @entity3 showed clear improvement in 41 @entity0 (87.2 %), some improvement in 4 (8.5 %) and no change in 2 (4.3 %). Overall clinical condition was clearly improved in 43 @entity0 (91.5 %), somewhat improved in 1 @entity0 (2.1 %), and unchanged in 3 @entity0 (6.4 %). No @entity0 reported worsening of overall clinical condition. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity6 significantly improves @entity2 and is well tolerated by @entity0 with @entity1 . Unlike the higher dose regimen required in @entity5 , a low-dose regimen of @entity6 is effective in @entity1 .

title: XXXX in treatment of @entity3 in @entity1 . Results of an open-label study.

answer: @entity6