abstract: BACKGROUND: Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are @entity1 . Rare mutations in the sonic hedgehog ( @entity4 ) signaling gene @entity7 have recently been reported in @entity0 with @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: To report a unique case of PSIS with a maternally inherited nonsense mutation in the @entity4 signaling protein @entity7 . METHOD: We performed exome sequencing on a case of PSIS. Control databases (1000 Genomes, dbSNP, Exome Variant Server, ExAC Browser) and an ancestry-matched control panel were screened upon identification of @entity7 mutation. RESULTS: We identified a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation ( @entity8 , @entity9 ) in a case of PSIS without @entity5 who presented with @entity3 and @entity2 associated with GH, TSH, and @entity6 . This mutation was absent in all control databases and from 400 healthy ancestry-matched control subjects. The mutation was inherited from the @entity0 's mother, who was operated on in childhood for strabismus. The absence of this variant in control samples suggests that it is likely to be responsible for the phenotype. CONCLUSION: We report for the first time a mutation in the @entity7 gene associated with PSIS.

title: A Nonsense Mutation in the Hedgehog Receptor XXXX Associated With Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome.

answer: @entity7


abstract: One hundred and sixty-seven choledoco-duodenostomies for @entity8 of the common bile duct (CBD) were performed. The mean age of the @entity0 was 74 +/- 1 years. Sixty p. 100 of the @entity0 presented with at least one operative risk factor, usually related to their general condition. An @entity3 of at least 20 mm in diameter was possible as the diameter of the CBC was always larger than 10 mm. @entity5 (within one month) were observed in 29 cases (17 p. 100). In 14 cases (8 p. 100), these complications were directly related to the operative procedure and, in 15 cases (9 p. 100), @entity1 occurred. Operative mortality was 4 p. 100 (7 cases); in 2 cases, @entity2 was directly related to the operative procedure, and in 5 cases, @entity2 was not directly due to surgery. Operative complications were significantly higher in the case of emergency procedures, impaction of the CBD by multiple stones, and associated acute @entity7 . One hundred and thirty-four of the 160 survivors (84 p. 100) have been followed for a mean duration of 5 years (63 +/- 7 months); 115 (86 p. 100) have remained asymptomatic. Eleven @entity0 had non specific findings; 8 (6 p. 100) had @entity4 , half of them having suffered from only one episode. The first (or only) episode occurred during the first postoperative year in 7 out of 8 @entity0 . No @entity4 developed after the second postoperative year in @entity0 still asymptomatic. No @entity6 was found in any of these cases. One case of stump syndrome was observed. These results suggest that choledocoduodenostomy is a reliable procedure for treatment of choledocolithiasis and related late complications are rare.

title: [Results of choledoco-duodenostomy for common bile duct XXXX ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a glycosaminoglycan found in connective tissues and tissue spaces, including the peritoneal cavity. In vivo studies in a @entity2 model of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have shown that addition of @entity8 to @entity3 solution during an intraperitoneal dwell can alter peritoneal fluid transport and protect the peritoneal membrane from the effects of @entity1 and repeated infusions of dialysis solution. The current study sought to evaluate the safety of intraperitoneal @entity8 and its effect on peritoneal fluid and solute transport when administered during a dialysis dwell in @entity0 . METHODS: 13 @entity3 @entity0 were enrolled in a prospective, randomized crossover study involving three dialysis treatments using the following @entity3 solutions: (1) a commercially available @entity3 solution (Dianeal @entity3 -4, 1.36% @entity4 ; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Alliston, Ontario, Canada); (2) Dianeal @entity3 -4 containing 0.1 g/L @entity8 , and (3) Dianeal @entity3 -4 containing 0.5 g/L @entity8 . Each 6-hour dialysis exchange was separated from the other exchanges by a 2-week washout period. Radioiodinated human serum albumin (RISA) was administered with the dialysis solution to evaluate intraperitoneal volume, net ultrafiltration (UF), and fluid reabsorption. Peritoneal clearances, dialysate/plasma ratios (D/P), and mass transfer area coefficients (MTACs) were determined for @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity5 , albumin, and @entity4 . Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events and changes in serum chemistries. Ten @entity0 completed all three dialysis exchanges and two additional @entity0 completed at least one treatment exchange. RESULTS: There were no reported adverse events related to @entity8 administration and no significant changes in serum chemistries. There were no significant differences in net UF or peritoneal volume profiles among the three treatments. Mean net UF calculated using residual volumes, estimated by RISA dilution, tended to be slightly higher during treatment with solution containing 0.1 g/L @entity8 and 0.5 g/L @entity8 [74 +/- 86 (SE) and 41 +/- 99 mL, respectively] compared to control treatment (-58 +/- 129 mL). Although not statistically significant, there was a trend toward decreased fluid reabsorption during treatment with @entity8 . Solute clearances, D/P ratios, and MTACs were similar for the three treatments. Serum levels of @entity8 were also unaffected by the two treatment solutions. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the acute safety of @entity8 when administered intraperitoneally with the dialysis solution to @entity3 @entity0 . Due to the small sample size and variability in net UF and fluid reabsorption, statistically significant differences were not demonstrated for these parameters. However, a trend toward decreased fluid reabsorption was observed, suggesting that @entity8 may act by a mechanism similar to that observed in animal studies. Further studies are necessary to evaluate whether the beneficial effects of @entity8 observed in animal studies can be shown in @entity0 .

title: Effects of intraperitoneal hyaluronan on peritoneal fluid and solute transport in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a glycosaminoglycan found in connective tissues and tissue spaces, including the peritoneal cavity. In vivo studies in a @entity2 model of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have shown that addition of @entity8 to @entity3 solution during an intraperitoneal dwell can alter peritoneal fluid transport and protect the peritoneal membrane from the effects of @entity1 and repeated infusions of dialysis solution. The current study sought to evaluate the safety of intraperitoneal @entity8 and its effect on peritoneal fluid and solute transport when administered during a dialysis dwell in @entity0 . METHODS: 13 @entity3 @entity0 were enrolled in a prospective, randomized crossover study involving three dialysis treatments using the following @entity3 solutions: (1) a commercially available @entity3 solution (Dianeal @entity3 -4, 1.36% @entity4 ; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Alliston, Ontario, Canada); (2) Dianeal @entity3 -4 containing 0.1 g/L @entity8 , and (3) Dianeal @entity3 -4 containing 0.5 g/L @entity8 . Each 6-hour dialysis exchange was separated from the other exchanges by a 2-week washout period. Radioiodinated human serum albumin (RISA) was administered with the dialysis solution to evaluate intraperitoneal volume, net ultrafiltration (UF), and fluid reabsorption. Peritoneal clearances, dialysate/plasma ratios (D/P), and mass transfer area coefficients (MTACs) were determined for @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity5 , albumin, and @entity4 . Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events and changes in serum chemistries. Ten @entity0 completed all three dialysis exchanges and two additional @entity0 completed at least one treatment exchange. RESULTS: There were no reported adverse events related to @entity8 administration and no significant changes in serum chemistries. There were no significant differences in net UF or peritoneal volume profiles among the three treatments. Mean net UF calculated using residual volumes, estimated by RISA dilution, tended to be slightly higher during treatment with solution containing 0.1 g/L @entity8 and 0.5 g/L @entity8 [74 +/- 86 (SE) and 41 +/- 99 mL, respectively] compared to control treatment (-58 +/- 129 mL). Although not statistically significant, there was a trend toward decreased fluid reabsorption during treatment with @entity8 . Solute clearances, D/P ratios, and MTACs were similar for the three treatments. Serum levels of @entity8 were also unaffected by the two treatment solutions. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the acute safety of @entity8 when administered intraperitoneally with the dialysis solution to @entity3 @entity0 . Due to the small sample size and variability in net UF and fluid reabsorption, statistically significant differences were not demonstrated for these parameters. However, a trend toward decreased fluid reabsorption was observed, suggesting that @entity8 may act by a mechanism similar to that observed in animal studies. Further studies are necessary to evaluate whether the beneficial effects of @entity8 observed in animal studies can be shown in @entity0 .

title: Effects of intraperitoneal hyaluronan on peritoneal fluid and solute transport in @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Increased immune sensitivity to dietary gluten proteins has been reported in @entity2 but has not been studied in @entity3 . In this study, we examine the levels of antibody reactivity to gliadin, deamidated gliadin, and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in individuals with @entity3 and compare these levels to those in individuals who do not have any history of @entity1 . METHODS: The sample of 275 individuals included 102 with @entity3 and 173 controls without a @entity1 . Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to gliadin and @entity5 and IgG antibodies to deamidated gliadin were measured by enzyme immunoassay. @entity0 ' levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin and @entity5 were classified based on the cutoffs for positivity that are predictive of @entity4 . Quantitative levels of antibodies were compared between groups employing regression models which were controlled for demographic variables. RESULTS: Individuals with @entity3 had increased levels of IgG antibodies to gliadin compared with controls in multivariate analyses. We also found evidence of increased levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin in the @entity3 population. The levels of IgA class antigliadin antibodies and antibodies to @entity5 did not differ significantly between groups. There was also not a significant difference between groups in the number of @entity0 who were classified as having levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin or @entity5 that are predictive of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with @entity3 have increased levels of IgG antibodies to gliadin. However, such antibody increase is not accompanied by an elevation in IgA antibodies to gliadin or the @entity4 -associated antibodies against deamidated gliadin and @entity5 . These results warrant further detailed examination of the molecular specificity and pattern of reactivity of the antibody response to gluten antigens in @entity3 .

title: Markers of @entity4 and @entity4 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Increased immune sensitivity to dietary gluten proteins has been reported in @entity2 but has not been studied in @entity3 . In this study, we examine the levels of antibody reactivity to gliadin, deamidated gliadin, and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in individuals with @entity3 and compare these levels to those in individuals who do not have any history of @entity1 . METHODS: The sample of 275 individuals included 102 with @entity3 and 173 controls without a @entity1 . Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to gliadin and @entity5 and IgG antibodies to deamidated gliadin were measured by enzyme immunoassay. @entity0 ' levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin and @entity5 were classified based on the cutoffs for positivity that are predictive of @entity4 . Quantitative levels of antibodies were compared between groups employing regression models which were controlled for demographic variables. RESULTS: Individuals with @entity3 had increased levels of IgG antibodies to gliadin compared with controls in multivariate analyses. We also found evidence of increased levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin in the @entity3 population. The levels of IgA class antigliadin antibodies and antibodies to @entity5 did not differ significantly between groups. There was also not a significant difference between groups in the number of @entity0 who were classified as having levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin or @entity5 that are predictive of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with @entity3 have increased levels of IgG antibodies to gliadin. However, such antibody increase is not accompanied by an elevation in IgA antibodies to gliadin or the @entity4 -associated antibodies against deamidated gliadin and @entity5 . These results warrant further detailed examination of the molecular specificity and pattern of reactivity of the antibody response to gluten antigens in @entity3 .

title: Markers of XXXX and @entity4 in @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Increased immune sensitivity to dietary gluten proteins has been reported in @entity2 but has not been studied in @entity3 . In this study, we examine the levels of antibody reactivity to gliadin, deamidated gliadin, and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in individuals with @entity3 and compare these levels to those in individuals who do not have any history of @entity1 . METHODS: The sample of 275 individuals included 102 with @entity3 and 173 controls without a @entity1 . Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to gliadin and @entity5 and IgG antibodies to deamidated gliadin were measured by enzyme immunoassay. @entity0 ' levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin and @entity5 were classified based on the cutoffs for positivity that are predictive of @entity4 . Quantitative levels of antibodies were compared between groups employing regression models which were controlled for demographic variables. RESULTS: Individuals with @entity3 had increased levels of IgG antibodies to gliadin compared with controls in multivariate analyses. We also found evidence of increased levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin in the @entity3 population. The levels of IgA class antigliadin antibodies and antibodies to @entity5 did not differ significantly between groups. There was also not a significant difference between groups in the number of @entity0 who were classified as having levels of antibodies to deamidated gliadin or @entity5 that are predictive of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with @entity3 have increased levels of IgG antibodies to gliadin. However, such antibody increase is not accompanied by an elevation in IgA antibodies to gliadin or the @entity4 -associated antibodies against deamidated gliadin and @entity5 . These results warrant further detailed examination of the molecular specificity and pattern of reactivity of the antibody response to gluten antigens in @entity3 .

title: Markers of @entity4 and XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Perturbations in blood vessels play a critical role in the pathophysiology of @entity5 and @entity4 . Here, we use a systematic genome-wide transcriptome screening approach to investigate the vasculome after @entity3 in @entity0 . @entity0 were subjected to controlled cortical impact and brains were extracted for analysis at 24   h post-injury. The core of the traumatic lesion was removed and then cortical microvesels were isolated from nondirectly damaged ipsilateral cortex. Compared to contralateral cortex and normal cortex from sham-operated @entity0 , we identified a wide spectrum of responses in the vasculome after @entity2 . Up-regulated pathways included those involved in regulation of @entity1 and extracellular matrix processes. Decreased pathways included those involved in regulation of metabolism, mitochondrial function, and transport systems. These findings suggest that microvascular perturbations can be widespread and not necessarily localized to core areas of direct injury per se and may further provide a broader gene network context for existing @entity1 , metabolism, and blood-brain barrier alterations after @entity3 . Further efforts are warranted to map the vasculome with higher spatial and temporal resolution from acute to delayed phase post- @entity2 . Investigating the widespread network responses in the vasculome may reveal potential mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and biomarkers for @entity3 .

title: Effects of Controlled Cortical Impact on the XXXX Brain Vasculome.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECT: Symptomatic spinal dissemination of @entity1 is rarely found except at autopsy. This study evaluated the clinical incidence and characteristics of spinal dissemination and the effect on outcome. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 treated for primary @entity1 , including 33 with @entity4 and 35 with @entity3 , at our department between 1997 and 1999 were followed up until April 30, 2001. Head magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of all @entity0 was obtained every 2-3 months. Signs and symptoms of leptomeningeal spread were checked at monthly outpatient examinations. Spinal MR imaging was performed if any symptoms indicating spinal dissemination were found. RESULTS: Median survival times of @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity3 were 40.5 and 16.0 months, respectively. Seventeen @entity0 (25%) developed @entity5 and 15 of these died. Six @entity0 (8.8%), one with @entity4 and five with @entity3 , developed spinal dissemination. All @entity0 with spinal dissemination also had @entity5 . Five of the six @entity0 died, despite systemic radiochemotherapy in four @entity0 . All @entity0 died of extensive whole brain and spinal dissemination or nodular mass enlargement at the upper cervical cord, not of local massive @entity1 progression. CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic spinal dissemination of @entity1 is not so rare, and is the cause of @entity2 . The relatively high incidence of symptomatic leptomeningeal dissemination must be considered in the treatment of malignant @entity4 .

title: Symptomatic spinal dissemination of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Submucosal (SM) and ligation excision (LE) haemorrhoidectomy were compared to establish whether SM is a less painful procedure and whether anal sensation is better preserved by SM, and, if so, how this relates to postoperative function. There were 18 SM and 22 LE @entity0 . Anal sphincter manometry and anal mucosal electrosensitivity were measured pre-operatively and 6 weeks after surgery. @entity2 was assessed by linear analogue scale. Anal sphincter pressures which were high pre-operatively fell to normal after surgery. Neither operation affected functional sphincter length or the recto-anal inhibitory reflex. Forty per cent of @entity0 showed ultraslow waves on sphincter motility studies. These were associated with the highest pressures and in all but three cases disappeared after surgery. There were no differences in postoperative @entity1 scores between the two techniques but there was a wide range from no @entity1 to very severe @entity1 in both groups. Submucosal haemorrhoidectomy preserved anal sensation better than ligation excision but this was not reflected in improved function. There was minor leakage and soiling in 50 per cent of @entity0 from both groups and two SM and LE @entity0 had initial @entity3 . All these symptoms had resolved by 6 weeks.

title: Submucosal versus ligation excision haemorrhoidectomy: a comparison of anal sensation, anal sphincter manometry and postoperative XXXX and function.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Haustral portions of intestine of 6 @entity1 were isolated by excising the taeniae coli from the cecum and the ventral colon. Uniform 5-cm X 5-cm sections were cut from the haustra and were illuminated from the serosal side with a strong light source (mural transillumination). Cyathostome larvae encysted in the mucosa and submucosa were observed at 15 X magnification and counted. Two separate counts of the larvae in 80 replicates of tissue by the mural transillumination technique ( @entity0 ) revealed no significant (P less than 0.05) difference between sample means. Larvae in tissue sections were counted in situ by @entity0 , and the mucosal scrapings of the tissue sections were digested in pepsin and @entity2 to determine larval yields for comparison with the @entity0 counts. Numbers of larvae recovered by pepsin and @entity2 digestion for 3 and 6 hours were significantly (P less than 0.01) lower than were numbers originally determined by @entity0 . Larvae recovered by tissue digestion for 3 or 6 hours were examined individually and given objective scores for morphologic damage. Distribution of scores was time-dependent; increased damage to larvae was associated with a longer time of digestion. Individual 4th-stage cyathostome larvae were dissected from cysts in the large intestinal wall and were incubated in water, 0.9% saline solution, 1.1% @entity2 , or pepsin (7,000 U of activity/ml). Significantly fewer (P less than 0.05) larvae were recovered from all solutions after 3 and 6 hours. The proportion of dissected larvae that were given high scores after exposure to pepsin was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than were those held in @entity2 , saline solution, or water for both periods.

title: Comparison of two techniques for quantitation of encysted cyathostome larvae in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: It was previously suggested that @entity7 were predominantly affected by the parasympathetic nerve and HR increase to standing was predominantly affected by the sympathetic nerve. To compare parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve function in @entity1 , these two tests were performed in 95 @entity1 and 38 controls by use of an instantaneous-HR-change continuous recorder. All subjects were between 40 and 59 years-old. As indices of autonomic nerve function, the mean difference between maximal and minimal HR during deep breathing (delta I-E) and the HR increase on standing (delta HR) were determined. The mean delta I-E and delta HR in the @entity1 were 9.4 beats/min and 15.1 beats/min, respectively. These values were significantly lower than those in the controls (delta I-E 14.4, delta HR 20.5 beats/min). delta I-E correlated negatively to duration of @entity1 and mean fasting blood @entity4 during the last 6 months in the @entity1 , but delta HR did not correlate to them at all. Diminished delta I-E was found in the @entity0 with insulin treatment, @entity6 or persistent @entity5 . Diminished delta HR, however, was found only in the @entity0 with long-standing complicated @entity1 . Thus, both @entity3 and sympathetic nerve function were significantly impaired in the @entity1 as compared with the controls and that parasympathetic @entity2 occurred early whereas sympathetic innervation was preserved.

title: Quantitative evaluation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy by using heart rate variations: relationship between XXXX or sympathetic damage and clinical conditions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 were given a single intragastric administration of the prodrug sulindac (4.0 mg/kg) or its @entity6 (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 8.0 mg/kg) or @entity7 (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 8.0 mg/kg) metabolites and were then subjected to acute stress in the form of immobilization for 3 hr in a cold environment. Control @entity0 received an equal volume of @entity5 vehicle or nothing po. Other @entity0 received 200 mg/kg @entity1 ( @entity3 ) with or without stress, to compare the gastrointestinal effects of sulindac metabolites with those of a known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. The @entity6 metabolite exacerbated stress-induced gastric glandular @entity2 incidence and severity in a dose-related manner relative to all groups except the ASA-stress group, which exhibited the greatest amount of @entity4 . The @entity7 metabolite did not potentiate @entity2 incidence or severity beyond control (stress only) levels at lower doses. However, at 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg, the observed ulceration was greater than that seen in stressed but otherwise untreated animals. Sulindac, vehicle, and otherwise untreated @entity0 exhibited a similar degree of stress-induced @entity4 . It appears that the prodrug does not significantly enhance stress-related gut disease, but that the active @entity6 metabolite does. Although the clinical literature suggests that the @entity7 metabolite is inactive, the present results suggest otherwise. While this metabolite did not, by itself, induce @entity4 at higher doses, @entity7 did exacerbate stress @entity2 formation. This is the only report of which we are aware, indicating a possible toxic effect of the @entity7 metabolite.

title: The effects of sulindac and its metabolites on acute stress-induced gastric ulcers in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The present study was designed to clarify the effect of blood @entity3 level on cerebral blood flow and metabolism during and after @entity7 induced by bilateral carotid ligation (BCL) in spontaneously @entity2 @entity0 (SHR). Blood @entity3 levels were varied by intraperitoneal infusion of 50% of @entity3 ( @entity11 ), insulin with @entity10 saline ( @entity9 ) or @entity10 saline (normoglycemia). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the parietal cortex and thalamus was measured by @entity8 clearance technique, and the supratentorial metabolites of the brain frozen in situ were determined by the enzymatic method. In non- @entity1 animals, blood @entity3 levels had no influence on the supratentorial @entity5 , @entity6 or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) concentrations. In @entity1 animals, however, cortical CBF was reduced to less than 1% of the resting value at 3 hours after BCL. However, there were no substantial differences of CBF during and after @entity1 among 3 glycemic groups. Cerebral lactate in the @entity1 brain greatly increased in @entity11 (34.97 +/- 1.29 mmol/kg), moderately in normoglycemia (23.43 +/- 3.13 mmol/kg) and less in @entity9 (7.20 +/- 1.54 mmol/kg). In contrast, cerebral @entity4 decreased in @entity11 (0.93 +/- 0.19 mmol/kg) as much as it did in normoglycemia (1.04 +/- 0.25 mmol/kg), while @entity4 reduction was much greater in @entity9 (0.45 +/- 0.05 mmol/kg). At 1-hour recirculation after 3-hour @entity1 , @entity4 tended to increase in all groups of animals, indicating the recovery of energy metabolism. Such metabolic recovery after recirculation was good in hypo- and normoglycemia, and was also evident in @entity11 . Our results suggest that @entity11 is not necessarily an unfavorable condition in acute incomplete @entity7 .

title: Cerebral blood flow and tissue metabolism in experimental @entity7 of spontaneously XXXX @entity0 with hyper-, normo-, and @entity9 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The present study was designed to clarify the effect of blood @entity3 level on cerebral blood flow and metabolism during and after @entity7 induced by bilateral carotid ligation (BCL) in spontaneously @entity2 @entity0 (SHR). Blood @entity3 levels were varied by intraperitoneal infusion of 50% of @entity3 ( @entity11 ), insulin with @entity10 saline ( @entity9 ) or @entity10 saline (normoglycemia). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the parietal cortex and thalamus was measured by @entity8 clearance technique, and the supratentorial metabolites of the brain frozen in situ were determined by the enzymatic method. In non- @entity1 animals, blood @entity3 levels had no influence on the supratentorial @entity5 , @entity6 or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) concentrations. In @entity1 animals, however, cortical CBF was reduced to less than 1% of the resting value at 3 hours after BCL. However, there were no substantial differences of CBF during and after @entity1 among 3 glycemic groups. Cerebral lactate in the @entity1 brain greatly increased in @entity11 (34.97 +/- 1.29 mmol/kg), moderately in normoglycemia (23.43 +/- 3.13 mmol/kg) and less in @entity9 (7.20 +/- 1.54 mmol/kg). In contrast, cerebral @entity4 decreased in @entity11 (0.93 +/- 0.19 mmol/kg) as much as it did in normoglycemia (1.04 +/- 0.25 mmol/kg), while @entity4 reduction was much greater in @entity9 (0.45 +/- 0.05 mmol/kg). At 1-hour recirculation after 3-hour @entity1 , @entity4 tended to increase in all groups of animals, indicating the recovery of energy metabolism. Such metabolic recovery after recirculation was good in hypo- and normoglycemia, and was also evident in @entity11 . Our results suggest that @entity11 is not necessarily an unfavorable condition in acute incomplete @entity7 .

title: Cerebral blood flow and tissue metabolism in experimental XXXX of spontaneously @entity2 @entity0 with hyper-, normo-, and @entity9 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The present study was designed to clarify the effect of blood @entity3 level on cerebral blood flow and metabolism during and after @entity7 induced by bilateral carotid ligation (BCL) in spontaneously @entity2 @entity0 (SHR). Blood @entity3 levels were varied by intraperitoneal infusion of 50% of @entity3 ( @entity11 ), insulin with @entity10 saline ( @entity9 ) or @entity10 saline (normoglycemia). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the parietal cortex and thalamus was measured by @entity8 clearance technique, and the supratentorial metabolites of the brain frozen in situ were determined by the enzymatic method. In non- @entity1 animals, blood @entity3 levels had no influence on the supratentorial @entity5 , @entity6 or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) concentrations. In @entity1 animals, however, cortical CBF was reduced to less than 1% of the resting value at 3 hours after BCL. However, there were no substantial differences of CBF during and after @entity1 among 3 glycemic groups. Cerebral lactate in the @entity1 brain greatly increased in @entity11 (34.97 +/- 1.29 mmol/kg), moderately in normoglycemia (23.43 +/- 3.13 mmol/kg) and less in @entity9 (7.20 +/- 1.54 mmol/kg). In contrast, cerebral @entity4 decreased in @entity11 (0.93 +/- 0.19 mmol/kg) as much as it did in normoglycemia (1.04 +/- 0.25 mmol/kg), while @entity4 reduction was much greater in @entity9 (0.45 +/- 0.05 mmol/kg). At 1-hour recirculation after 3-hour @entity1 , @entity4 tended to increase in all groups of animals, indicating the recovery of energy metabolism. Such metabolic recovery after recirculation was good in hypo- and normoglycemia, and was also evident in @entity11 . Our results suggest that @entity11 is not necessarily an unfavorable condition in acute incomplete @entity7 .

title: Cerebral blood flow and tissue metabolism in experimental @entity7 of spontaneously @entity2 @entity0 with hyper-, normo-, and XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: The present study was designed to clarify the effect of blood @entity3 level on cerebral blood flow and metabolism during and after @entity7 induced by bilateral carotid ligation (BCL) in spontaneously @entity2 @entity0 (SHR). Blood @entity3 levels were varied by intraperitoneal infusion of 50% of @entity3 ( @entity11 ), insulin with @entity10 saline ( @entity9 ) or @entity10 saline (normoglycemia). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the parietal cortex and thalamus was measured by @entity8 clearance technique, and the supratentorial metabolites of the brain frozen in situ were determined by the enzymatic method. In non- @entity1 animals, blood @entity3 levels had no influence on the supratentorial @entity5 , @entity6 or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) concentrations. In @entity1 animals, however, cortical CBF was reduced to less than 1% of the resting value at 3 hours after BCL. However, there were no substantial differences of CBF during and after @entity1 among 3 glycemic groups. Cerebral lactate in the @entity1 brain greatly increased in @entity11 (34.97 +/- 1.29 mmol/kg), moderately in normoglycemia (23.43 +/- 3.13 mmol/kg) and less in @entity9 (7.20 +/- 1.54 mmol/kg). In contrast, cerebral @entity4 decreased in @entity11 (0.93 +/- 0.19 mmol/kg) as much as it did in normoglycemia (1.04 +/- 0.25 mmol/kg), while @entity4 reduction was much greater in @entity9 (0.45 +/- 0.05 mmol/kg). At 1-hour recirculation after 3-hour @entity1 , @entity4 tended to increase in all groups of animals, indicating the recovery of energy metabolism. Such metabolic recovery after recirculation was good in hypo- and normoglycemia, and was also evident in @entity11 . Our results suggest that @entity11 is not necessarily an unfavorable condition in acute incomplete @entity7 .

title: Cerebral blood flow and tissue metabolism in experimental @entity7 of spontaneously @entity2 XXXX with hyper-, normo-, and @entity9 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A randomized trial was conducted comparing @entity4 and @entity6 in the prevention of @entity5 and appearance of invasive @entity2 in 51 @entity3 @entity0 undergoing induction chemotherapy. @entity4 was administered in a 200 mg dose twice daily. @entity6 oral suspension was given in doses of 500,000 units four times daily. Surveillance cultures of the throat and urine were obtained prior to treatment and conducted weekly. @entity0 were enrolled in the study if the absolute granulocyte count was less than 1500/microliter, if physical examination revealed no evidence of @entity5 , no evidence of @entity1 , and there was no pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray. @entity0 were continued on study until the absolute granulocyte count reached 1500/microliter, evidence of @entity5 appeared, or presumed or proven invasive @entity2 appeared. Of the 46 evaluable @entity0 , 22 received @entity4 , 3 (14%) developed @entity5 , and 5 developed suspected @entity2 (23%). Of 24 @entity0 who received @entity6 , 4 (17%) developed @entity5 and 8 (33%) developed @entity2 , 4 proven and 4 suspected. Significantly more @entity0 on the @entity6 arm progressed to invasive @entity2 . @entity4 was not superior to @entity6 in reducing the frequency of @entity5 but possibly reduced the frequency of invasive @entity2 .

title: A randomized trial comparing @entity4 and @entity6 prophylactic therapy in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A randomized trial was conducted comparing @entity4 and @entity6 in the prevention of @entity5 and appearance of invasive @entity2 in 51 @entity3 @entity0 undergoing induction chemotherapy. @entity4 was administered in a 200 mg dose twice daily. @entity6 oral suspension was given in doses of 500,000 units four times daily. Surveillance cultures of the throat and urine were obtained prior to treatment and conducted weekly. @entity0 were enrolled in the study if the absolute granulocyte count was less than 1500/microliter, if physical examination revealed no evidence of @entity5 , no evidence of @entity1 , and there was no pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray. @entity0 were continued on study until the absolute granulocyte count reached 1500/microliter, evidence of @entity5 appeared, or presumed or proven invasive @entity2 appeared. Of the 46 evaluable @entity0 , 22 received @entity4 , 3 (14%) developed @entity5 , and 5 developed suspected @entity2 (23%). Of 24 @entity0 who received @entity6 , 4 (17%) developed @entity5 and 8 (33%) developed @entity2 , 4 proven and 4 suspected. Significantly more @entity0 on the @entity6 arm progressed to invasive @entity2 . @entity4 was not superior to @entity6 in reducing the frequency of @entity5 but possibly reduced the frequency of invasive @entity2 .

title: A randomized trial comparing XXXX and @entity6 prophylactic therapy in @entity3 @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A randomized trial was conducted comparing @entity4 and @entity6 in the prevention of @entity5 and appearance of invasive @entity2 in 51 @entity3 @entity0 undergoing induction chemotherapy. @entity4 was administered in a 200 mg dose twice daily. @entity6 oral suspension was given in doses of 500,000 units four times daily. Surveillance cultures of the throat and urine were obtained prior to treatment and conducted weekly. @entity0 were enrolled in the study if the absolute granulocyte count was less than 1500/microliter, if physical examination revealed no evidence of @entity5 , no evidence of @entity1 , and there was no pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray. @entity0 were continued on study until the absolute granulocyte count reached 1500/microliter, evidence of @entity5 appeared, or presumed or proven invasive @entity2 appeared. Of the 46 evaluable @entity0 , 22 received @entity4 , 3 (14%) developed @entity5 , and 5 developed suspected @entity2 (23%). Of 24 @entity0 who received @entity6 , 4 (17%) developed @entity5 and 8 (33%) developed @entity2 , 4 proven and 4 suspected. Significantly more @entity0 on the @entity6 arm progressed to invasive @entity2 . @entity4 was not superior to @entity6 in reducing the frequency of @entity5 but possibly reduced the frequency of invasive @entity2 .

title: A randomized trial comparing @entity4 and XXXX prophylactic therapy in @entity3 @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: A randomized trial was conducted comparing @entity4 and @entity6 in the prevention of @entity5 and appearance of invasive @entity2 in 51 @entity3 @entity0 undergoing induction chemotherapy. @entity4 was administered in a 200 mg dose twice daily. @entity6 oral suspension was given in doses of 500,000 units four times daily. Surveillance cultures of the throat and urine were obtained prior to treatment and conducted weekly. @entity0 were enrolled in the study if the absolute granulocyte count was less than 1500/microliter, if physical examination revealed no evidence of @entity5 , no evidence of @entity1 , and there was no pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray. @entity0 were continued on study until the absolute granulocyte count reached 1500/microliter, evidence of @entity5 appeared, or presumed or proven invasive @entity2 appeared. Of the 46 evaluable @entity0 , 22 received @entity4 , 3 (14%) developed @entity5 , and 5 developed suspected @entity2 (23%). Of 24 @entity0 who received @entity6 , 4 (17%) developed @entity5 and 8 (33%) developed @entity2 , 4 proven and 4 suspected. Significantly more @entity0 on the @entity6 arm progressed to invasive @entity2 . @entity4 was not superior to @entity6 in reducing the frequency of @entity5 but possibly reduced the frequency of invasive @entity2 .

title: A randomized trial comparing @entity4 and @entity6 prophylactic therapy in @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Since 1979, 41 @entity0 with locally advanced @entity4 have been prospectively treated in our institution according to a combination regimen of low-dose @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and external-beam @entity6 . Two types of treatment regimen were used depending on @entity1 histologic type. Group 1 @entity0 with well-differentiated papillary, follicular, or mixed @entity1 (n = 22) received the combined regimen consisting of once weekly administration of @entity5 (10 mg/m2) before @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Radiation therapy was carried out with a daily dose of 200 cGy for 5 days per week to a total @entity1 dose of 5600 cGy. Group 2 @entity0 with anaplastic giant and @entity3 of the thyroid (n = 19) received the combined regimen, consisting of once weekly administration of @entity5 (10 mg/m2) before hyperfractionated @entity6 . Radiation therapy was carried out with a fractional dose of 160 cGy per treatment twice a day for 3 days per week to a total dose of 5760 cGy in 40 days. Initial complete @entity1 response rates in the group 1 and 2 were 91% and 84%, respectively. @entity1 control rates at 2 years after combined therapy were 77% and 68%, respectively. The median survival time was 4 years for group 1 and 1 year for group 2. There was no disproportionately enhanced normal tissue morbidity seen with this combined approach. @entity0 in group 1 have a good quality of life, once the @entity2 is under control due to the indolent course of the disease. On the contrary, most @entity0 in group 2 promptly developed distant metastases and died from the disease.

title: Treatment of locally advanced XXXX with combination @entity5 and @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Since 1979, 41 @entity0 with locally advanced @entity4 have been prospectively treated in our institution according to a combination regimen of low-dose @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and external-beam @entity6 . Two types of treatment regimen were used depending on @entity1 histologic type. Group 1 @entity0 with well-differentiated papillary, follicular, or mixed @entity1 (n = 22) received the combined regimen consisting of once weekly administration of @entity5 (10 mg/m2) before @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Radiation therapy was carried out with a daily dose of 200 cGy for 5 days per week to a total @entity1 dose of 5600 cGy. Group 2 @entity0 with anaplastic giant and @entity3 of the thyroid (n = 19) received the combined regimen, consisting of once weekly administration of @entity5 (10 mg/m2) before hyperfractionated @entity6 . Radiation therapy was carried out with a fractional dose of 160 cGy per treatment twice a day for 3 days per week to a total dose of 5760 cGy in 40 days. Initial complete @entity1 response rates in the group 1 and 2 were 91% and 84%, respectively. @entity1 control rates at 2 years after combined therapy were 77% and 68%, respectively. The median survival time was 4 years for group 1 and 1 year for group 2. There was no disproportionately enhanced normal tissue morbidity seen with this combined approach. @entity0 in group 1 have a good quality of life, once the @entity2 is under control due to the indolent course of the disease. On the contrary, most @entity0 in group 2 promptly developed distant metastases and died from the disease.

title: Treatment of locally advanced @entity4 with combination XXXX and @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Since 1979, 41 @entity0 with locally advanced @entity4 have been prospectively treated in our institution according to a combination regimen of low-dose @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and external-beam @entity6 . Two types of treatment regimen were used depending on @entity1 histologic type. Group 1 @entity0 with well-differentiated papillary, follicular, or mixed @entity1 (n = 22) received the combined regimen consisting of once weekly administration of @entity5 (10 mg/m2) before @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Radiation therapy was carried out with a daily dose of 200 cGy for 5 days per week to a total @entity1 dose of 5600 cGy. Group 2 @entity0 with anaplastic giant and @entity3 of the thyroid (n = 19) received the combined regimen, consisting of once weekly administration of @entity5 (10 mg/m2) before hyperfractionated @entity6 . Radiation therapy was carried out with a fractional dose of 160 cGy per treatment twice a day for 3 days per week to a total dose of 5760 cGy in 40 days. Initial complete @entity1 response rates in the group 1 and 2 were 91% and 84%, respectively. @entity1 control rates at 2 years after combined therapy were 77% and 68%, respectively. The median survival time was 4 years for group 1 and 1 year for group 2. There was no disproportionately enhanced normal tissue morbidity seen with this combined approach. @entity0 in group 1 have a good quality of life, once the @entity2 is under control due to the indolent course of the disease. On the contrary, most @entity0 in group 2 promptly developed distant metastases and died from the disease.

title: Treatment of locally advanced @entity4 with combination @entity5 and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if the use of a modified adult protocol that uses cervical spine imaging on presentation for the assessment of cervical @entity1 in @entity0 improves clinical outcome. METHODS: This is a case series study on all consecutive @entity1 @entity0 presenting from April to July 2000 inclusive to the ED of a major paediatric @entity1 hospital. @entity0 presenting to the ED with potential cervical @entity1 (CSI) were identified using standard selection criteria. @entity0 demographics, mechanism of injury, method and time of presentation, associated injuries, radiological investigation and clinical outcome were recorded. The major outcome measures for this study were: time to clearance of the cervical spine, length of stay in the ED and admission to an in-hospital bed. Data were analysed for compliance to the protocol, this being the standard assessment pathway of cervical spine clearance used by our @entity1 service. RESULTS: The @entity1 registry identified 1721 @entity1 presentations during the 4-month study period; 208 presentations representing 200 @entity0 with potential CSI were entered into the study. Males represented 72.5% of the study population, having a mean age of 8.32 years, although 29% were less than 5 years of age. The majority of presentations (69%) occurred outside of normal working hours. In 17.8% of cases the cervical spine was cleared based on clinical assessment alone, half less than 5 years of age. Compliance to the protocol occurred in 78% of presentations. However, when examined by age group, @entity0 5 years of age or above were 1.5 times more likely to comply with the protocol as compared with younger @entity0 . Adequate plain imaging was not obtained in 18% of presentations, this group almost exclusively less than 5 years of age. There were no missed injuries and no short or long-term neurological sequelae reported during this study. There were no differences in time to clearance, length of stay and admission rate between compliant and non-compliant groups. CONCLUSIONS: Modified adult protocols for cervical spine clearance offer guidance in managing the majority of @entity0 suffering blunt @entity1 . However, we recommend caution in rigidly applying such protocols, especially to @entity0 of young age.

title: The usefulness of a modified adult protocol for the clearance of XXXX in the emergency department.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Arterial @entity4 is, besides age, the number one risk factor for @entity2 . @entity0 with arterial @entity4 frequently present with additional coexisting vascular risk factors interacting in a complex way. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This paper reviews the benefit of antihypertensive treatment, as well as different treatment options of arterial @entity4 and their side-effects. RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity4 , but also @entity0 with so-called normal or high-normal blood pressure are at increased risk to develop @entity2 and other @entity3 . Vascular remodelling of small and large vessels provoked by arterial @entity4 is the initial step in the development of @entity5 and lipohyalinosis. Vascular remodelling can be improved or even normalized by antihypertensive treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-I-receptor antagonists showing the most convincing effects. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-I-receptor antagonists have the lowest rate of side-effects, however, economic restraints hinder their general application. Statins are needed to treat dyslipidaemia. They also lower blood pressure and have a synergistic effect with the above two antihypertensive components in lowering blood pressure. In @entity4 @entity0 , risk of @entity2 and other @entity3 is determined by the blood pressure level and the presence or absence of target organ damage and the interaction with other risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, dyslipidaemia, and @entity1 . These high-risk @entity0 should be treated even more aggressively than usual. CONCLUSIONS: In the vast majority of @entity0 and healthy individuals, target blood pressure should be as high as or below 120/80 mmHg to minimize the occurrence of @entity2 and other @entity3 .

title: Arterial @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Arterial @entity4 is, besides age, the number one risk factor for @entity2 . @entity0 with arterial @entity4 frequently present with additional coexisting vascular risk factors interacting in a complex way. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This paper reviews the benefit of antihypertensive treatment, as well as different treatment options of arterial @entity4 and their side-effects. RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity4 , but also @entity0 with so-called normal or high-normal blood pressure are at increased risk to develop @entity2 and other @entity3 . Vascular remodelling of small and large vessels provoked by arterial @entity4 is the initial step in the development of @entity5 and lipohyalinosis. Vascular remodelling can be improved or even normalized by antihypertensive treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-I-receptor antagonists showing the most convincing effects. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-I-receptor antagonists have the lowest rate of side-effects, however, economic restraints hinder their general application. Statins are needed to treat dyslipidaemia. They also lower blood pressure and have a synergistic effect with the above two antihypertensive components in lowering blood pressure. In @entity4 @entity0 , risk of @entity2 and other @entity3 is determined by the blood pressure level and the presence or absence of target organ damage and the interaction with other risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, dyslipidaemia, and @entity1 . These high-risk @entity0 should be treated even more aggressively than usual. CONCLUSIONS: In the vast majority of @entity0 and healthy individuals, target blood pressure should be as high as or below 120/80 mmHg to minimize the occurrence of @entity2 and other @entity3 .

title: Arterial XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Some @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) develop perilesional @entity7 during the course of healing and carry poor prognosis for the @entity4 control. We evaluated the clinical status of these @entity0 during complete control of their original @entity4 on anti- @entity3 drugs (AED). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 172 @entity0 with solitary @entity8 , 45 with perilesional @entity7 as visible on magnetization transfer spin echo (MTSE) magnetic resonance imaging and 127 without @entity7 , for any abnormal symptom during the course of their " @entity4 -free" period. All of them received optimum doses of AED to control the original @entity4 . RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity7 had high incidence of abnormal symptoms with or without corresponding abnormalities on surface electroencephalogram (EEG). These symptoms disappeared on increasing the dose or adding a new AED. The symptoms, which were transient episodic in nature, included heaviness, @entity6 , weightlessness, @entity5 and alien limb phenomenon on the side of the body contralateral to @entity2 , and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity8 who develop perilesional @entity7 during the process of healing tend to suffer from disturbing intermittent symptoms during their apparent control of @entity4 . The symptoms are controllable with increased dosage of previously prescribed or addition of another AED. As these symptoms could possibly be @entity3 in nature, their identification and treatment may have a bearing on long-term @entity4 control after stopping AED therapy.

title: Intermittent symptoms in XXXX : could they be @entity3 ?

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Some @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) develop perilesional @entity7 during the course of healing and carry poor prognosis for the @entity4 control. We evaluated the clinical status of these @entity0 during complete control of their original @entity4 on anti- @entity3 drugs (AED). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 172 @entity0 with solitary @entity8 , 45 with perilesional @entity7 as visible on magnetization transfer spin echo (MTSE) magnetic resonance imaging and 127 without @entity7 , for any abnormal symptom during the course of their " @entity4 -free" period. All of them received optimum doses of AED to control the original @entity4 . RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity7 had high incidence of abnormal symptoms with or without corresponding abnormalities on surface electroencephalogram (EEG). These symptoms disappeared on increasing the dose or adding a new AED. The symptoms, which were transient episodic in nature, included heaviness, @entity6 , weightlessness, @entity5 and alien limb phenomenon on the side of the body contralateral to @entity2 , and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity8 who develop perilesional @entity7 during the process of healing tend to suffer from disturbing intermittent symptoms during their apparent control of @entity4 . The symptoms are controllable with increased dosage of previously prescribed or addition of another AED. As these symptoms could possibly be @entity3 in nature, their identification and treatment may have a bearing on long-term @entity4 control after stopping AED therapy.

title: Intermittent symptoms in @entity8 : could they be XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the properties of @entity7 in a @entity0 with severe @entity2 negative @entity6 . Treatment of @entity2 negative @entity6 relies on the drugs that are effective in @entity5 , but it is usually pharmacoresistant. @entity7 is a new antiepileptic drug with a broad-spectrum activity that includes efficacy against positive @entity6 . CASE REPORT: This @entity0 had had @entity2 falls since the age of 2 years. In 2000, she was on @entity1 (100 mg/day) and @entity4 (2000 mg/day) and had two drop attacks per month. Clinical examination showed negative @entity6 of the arms clearly predominating on the left side, which was confirmed by a polygraphic EEG. @entity7 (1000 mg/day in the first week, increased to 2000 mg/day thereafter) was added. During the first 2 months, the @entity0 experienced four minor @entity3 without fall. A polygraphic EEG confirmed that the @entity0 's @entity2 negative @entity6 disappeared during @entity7 treatment. At 1-year follow-up, this @entity0 had had only one @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The result of @entity7 treatment in this @entity0 is encouraging, but efficacy should be confirmed in larger series. A long-term follow-up is also necessary to establish that this antimyoclonic effect of @entity7 is maintained over a period of years.

title: Dramatic effect of XXXX on @entity2 negative @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the properties of @entity7 in a @entity0 with severe @entity2 negative @entity6 . Treatment of @entity2 negative @entity6 relies on the drugs that are effective in @entity5 , but it is usually pharmacoresistant. @entity7 is a new antiepileptic drug with a broad-spectrum activity that includes efficacy against positive @entity6 . CASE REPORT: This @entity0 had had @entity2 falls since the age of 2 years. In 2000, she was on @entity1 (100 mg/day) and @entity4 (2000 mg/day) and had two drop attacks per month. Clinical examination showed negative @entity6 of the arms clearly predominating on the left side, which was confirmed by a polygraphic EEG. @entity7 (1000 mg/day in the first week, increased to 2000 mg/day thereafter) was added. During the first 2 months, the @entity0 experienced four minor @entity3 without fall. A polygraphic EEG confirmed that the @entity0 's @entity2 negative @entity6 disappeared during @entity7 treatment. At 1-year follow-up, this @entity0 had had only one @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The result of @entity7 treatment in this @entity0 is encouraging, but efficacy should be confirmed in larger series. A long-term follow-up is also necessary to establish that this antimyoclonic effect of @entity7 is maintained over a period of years.

title: Dramatic effect of @entity7 on XXXX negative @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the properties of @entity7 in a @entity0 with severe @entity2 negative @entity6 . Treatment of @entity2 negative @entity6 relies on the drugs that are effective in @entity5 , but it is usually pharmacoresistant. @entity7 is a new antiepileptic drug with a broad-spectrum activity that includes efficacy against positive @entity6 . CASE REPORT: This @entity0 had had @entity2 falls since the age of 2 years. In 2000, she was on @entity1 (100 mg/day) and @entity4 (2000 mg/day) and had two drop attacks per month. Clinical examination showed negative @entity6 of the arms clearly predominating on the left side, which was confirmed by a polygraphic EEG. @entity7 (1000 mg/day in the first week, increased to 2000 mg/day thereafter) was added. During the first 2 months, the @entity0 experienced four minor @entity3 without fall. A polygraphic EEG confirmed that the @entity0 's @entity2 negative @entity6 disappeared during @entity7 treatment. At 1-year follow-up, this @entity0 had had only one @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The result of @entity7 treatment in this @entity0 is encouraging, but efficacy should be confirmed in larger series. A long-term follow-up is also necessary to establish that this antimyoclonic effect of @entity7 is maintained over a period of years.

title: Dramatic effect of @entity7 on @entity2 negative XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The management of asymptomatic @entity3 discovered during abdominal surgery is controversial. Should cholecystectomy be performed en passant? The authors report a 4-year survey of 109 @entity0 with asymptomatic @entity2 who underwent surgery for other abdominal conditions: colorectal (31), gastric (24), vascular (20), gynecologic (21) and miscellaneous (13). @entity2 was established preoperatively by ultrasonography in 52 of 55 examinations (95%). In the other 54, the @entity3 were discovered at operation. Cholecystectomy was performed in 78 @entity0 and in 31 the gallbladder was left in place. In the former group, 11 (14%) had complications, 2 being attributable to the cholecystectomy. Intraoperative cholangiograms were obtained in 43 and led to common-bile-duct explorations in 8. Common-bile-duct stones were found in seven. In the non-cholecystectomized group, three died postoperatively and three were lost to follow-up. Twelve of the remaining 25 are still asymptomatic and 13 have had symptoms: 7 underwent cholecystectomy (4 for acute @entity1 ) between 2 weeks and 11 months after the initial laparotomy. Because of the low morbidity and the relatively high number of cholecystectomies that were subsequently necessary, the authors recommend cholecystectomy en passant unless there is a specific contraindication. They also recommend ultrasonography before major gastrointestinal or vascular surgery in order to plan for cholecystectomy.

title: Should cholecystectomy be done en passant for asymptomatic XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Among 8,758 necropsies there are 93 cases of @entity7 . Of these, 14 are associated with @entity1 : seven with @entity7 or @entity5 , and seven with @entity3 . The incidence of @entity9 in @entity7 is at least 10%. Attention is drawn to the presence of @entity11 in the tubular casts of ; @entity2 '. In @entity6 the incidence is about 4% but it may be higher in @entity0 receiving chemotherapy. In @entity8 it is of the order of a fraction of 1% but in @entity10 , essential or associated with @entity5 , the incidence is considerably higher. Systemic @entity11 is found in one in 375 of @entity0 with @entity3 and in only a single @entity0 among 1,500 ;control cases'. @entity4 accounts for one-quarter of all @entity3 associated with systemic @entity11 . The other @entity3 originate in a variety of organs. In @entity7 , @entity11 may be found in the @entity1 deposits. In @entity6 and in @entity8 there appears to be greater @entity11 deposition in neoplastic tissue than hitherto realized. The @entity3 provide a striking example of topographical association of @entity1 , the two being closely related in six of seven cases.

title: XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Among 8,758 necropsies there are 93 cases of @entity7 . Of these, 14 are associated with @entity1 : seven with @entity7 or @entity5 , and seven with @entity3 . The incidence of @entity9 in @entity7 is at least 10%. Attention is drawn to the presence of @entity11 in the tubular casts of ; @entity2 '. In @entity6 the incidence is about 4% but it may be higher in @entity0 receiving chemotherapy. In @entity8 it is of the order of a fraction of 1% but in @entity10 , essential or associated with @entity5 , the incidence is considerably higher. Systemic @entity11 is found in one in 375 of @entity0 with @entity3 and in only a single @entity0 among 1,500 ;control cases'. @entity4 accounts for one-quarter of all @entity3 associated with systemic @entity11 . The other @entity3 originate in a variety of organs. In @entity7 , @entity11 may be found in the @entity1 deposits. In @entity6 and in @entity8 there appears to be greater @entity11 deposition in neoplastic tissue than hitherto realized. The @entity3 provide a striking example of topographical association of @entity1 , the two being closely related in six of seven cases.

title: @entity7 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AQ-A 39 is a new agent with specific bradycardic action on the sinus node. In this study the electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of this compound were investigated in 24 @entity0 with various @entity1 . The results show: AQ-A 39 causes a significant decrease in enhanced sinus rate. The bradycardic action is more profound at higher sinus rates. In sinus rhythm of normal frequency or, in sinus @entity4 , sinus rate remains unchanged or increases even in the case of @entity5 . Conductivity of the AV-node is significantly improved. QT- and QTc-interval increase dose dependently. Other cardiac conduction times and refractory intervals are not significantly changed. In exercise-induced @entity3 increased left ventricular filling pressures are diminished. The extent of this decrease parallels the reduction in heart rate. AQ-A 39 appears to be suitable to reduce inadaequate increases in sinus rate, and seems to be of particular interest in surgical cases or intensive @entity2 as well as in @entity3 .

title: [Electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of the new XXXX -inducing substance AQ-A 39].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The movement of populations shapes the patterns and distribution of @entity1 globally. The consequences of travel are seen in the traveller and in places and populations visited and may persist long after travel. The traveller can be seen as an interactive biological unit who picks up, processes, carries and drops off microbial genetic material. A traveller can introduce potential pathogens in the absence of signs or symptoms of illness. Travellers can serve as a sentinel population; study of them can provide insights into the presence and level of risk of transmission of @entity2 in other geographical regions. Travellers can also be seen as couriers who inadvertently ferry pathogens and microbial genetic material to regions where researchers can carry out detailed analyses that can help to map the location and movement of strains, genotypes and resistance patterns. The laboratory plays a key role in the identification and characterization of pathogens, which can inform management of individual @entity0 and the public health response. The connectedness and mobility in the world today facilitate the emergence of @entity1 in @entity0 and also in animals and plants. Many traditional barriers have been breached by travel, roads and technology. Population size and density favour spread of many @entity2 . The rapid generation time of microbes and their capacity to adapt to changes in the physico-chemical and immunological environment will pose continuing challenges.

title: The traveller and emerging XXXX : sentinel, courier, transmitter.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In all, 199 @entity0 were entered in this study by 21 collaborating hospitals. @entity0 with superficial transitional cell @entity1 were randomized postoperatively into four groups. Group A received early (immediately and 2 days after transurethral resection) instillation of @entity2 (30 mg/30 mg); group B received early instillation of @entity2 with oral administration of @entity3 (200 mg/day); group C received delayed (7 days after transurethral resection) instillation of @entity2 (30 mg/30 ml); and group D received delayed instillation of @entity2 with oral administration of @entity3 (200 mg/day). All @entity0 subsequently received instillations weekly for 2 more weeks, and then every 2 weeks for a further 14 weeks. After 4 months, they received one instillation per month for 8 months. @entity3 was administered p.o. for 1 year. The postoperative follow-up period was 12 months. After 3 and 6 months there were significant differences in the non-recurrence rates between groups B and C. After 12 months the overall non-recurrence rates were 87.9% in group A, 83.5% in group B, 89.2% in group C, and 82.8% in group D, and there were no significant differences among the four groups. The number of @entity0 entered and the follow-up period are not adequate for firm conclusions, and further studies are necessary. The main side effect was @entity4 , which was observed in 38.8% of @entity0 in the early instillation groups and in 26.3% of those in the delayed instillation groups. No severe systemic side effects were observed in this study.

title: Early intravesical instillation of @entity2 with oral administration of @entity3 after transurethral resection for superficial XXXX : preliminary results.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In all, 199 @entity0 were entered in this study by 21 collaborating hospitals. @entity0 with superficial transitional cell @entity1 were randomized postoperatively into four groups. Group A received early (immediately and 2 days after transurethral resection) instillation of @entity2 (30 mg/30 mg); group B received early instillation of @entity2 with oral administration of @entity3 (200 mg/day); group C received delayed (7 days after transurethral resection) instillation of @entity2 (30 mg/30 ml); and group D received delayed instillation of @entity2 with oral administration of @entity3 (200 mg/day). All @entity0 subsequently received instillations weekly for 2 more weeks, and then every 2 weeks for a further 14 weeks. After 4 months, they received one instillation per month for 8 months. @entity3 was administered p.o. for 1 year. The postoperative follow-up period was 12 months. After 3 and 6 months there were significant differences in the non-recurrence rates between groups B and C. After 12 months the overall non-recurrence rates were 87.9% in group A, 83.5% in group B, 89.2% in group C, and 82.8% in group D, and there were no significant differences among the four groups. The number of @entity0 entered and the follow-up period are not adequate for firm conclusions, and further studies are necessary. The main side effect was @entity4 , which was observed in 38.8% of @entity0 in the early instillation groups and in 26.3% of those in the delayed instillation groups. No severe systemic side effects were observed in this study.

title: Early intravesical instillation of XXXX with oral administration of @entity3 after transurethral resection for superficial @entity1 : preliminary results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In all, 199 @entity0 were entered in this study by 21 collaborating hospitals. @entity0 with superficial transitional cell @entity1 were randomized postoperatively into four groups. Group A received early (immediately and 2 days after transurethral resection) instillation of @entity2 (30 mg/30 mg); group B received early instillation of @entity2 with oral administration of @entity3 (200 mg/day); group C received delayed (7 days after transurethral resection) instillation of @entity2 (30 mg/30 ml); and group D received delayed instillation of @entity2 with oral administration of @entity3 (200 mg/day). All @entity0 subsequently received instillations weekly for 2 more weeks, and then every 2 weeks for a further 14 weeks. After 4 months, they received one instillation per month for 8 months. @entity3 was administered p.o. for 1 year. The postoperative follow-up period was 12 months. After 3 and 6 months there were significant differences in the non-recurrence rates between groups B and C. After 12 months the overall non-recurrence rates were 87.9% in group A, 83.5% in group B, 89.2% in group C, and 82.8% in group D, and there were no significant differences among the four groups. The number of @entity0 entered and the follow-up period are not adequate for firm conclusions, and further studies are necessary. The main side effect was @entity4 , which was observed in 38.8% of @entity0 in the early instillation groups and in 26.3% of those in the delayed instillation groups. No severe systemic side effects were observed in this study.

title: Early intravesical instillation of @entity2 with oral administration of XXXX after transurethral resection for superficial @entity1 : preliminary results.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sclerotherapy with @entity5 and @entity6 in the management of simple @entity2 . METHODS: Twenty-four simple @entity2 were subjected to sclerotherapy with @entity5 and @entity6 . All procedures were performed under local anesthesia and in an outpatient setting. Cytological examination was carried out in all cases and two @entity0 were excluded from the study because of suspicious cytological results. The @entity0 were followed up monthly with color Doppler sonography for more than 12 months. RESULTS: Cyst fluid was serous in 17 cases and dark- @entity7 colored in seven cases. The volume of aspirated fluid ranged from 100 to 220 ml. The size of ovarian masses and cyst-wall thickness ranged from 5.5 to 8.5 cm and 1.5 to 5 mm, respectively. Cytological analysis of 15 cysts revealed acellular sediment, seven cysts were compatible with @entity3 , and two were reported as suspicious. During the 12-month follow-up, seven cyst recurrences were detected. CONCLUSION: Aspiration and sclerotherapy with @entity5 and @entity6 are followed by a relatively high recurrence rate when the aspirate is bloody. However, @entity0 with a simple cyst that is @entity4 or liable to torsion could benefit from sclerotherapy. Such @entity0 , who are at low risk for @entity1 , are relieved with sclerotherapy while avoiding surgery.

title: Management of non-neoplastic XXXX with sclerotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic pulse wave velocity ( @entity1 ) is a strong independent predictor of overall and cardiovascular mortality in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Nevertheless, because age, blood pressure, heart rate, and gender are strong determinants of both arterial stiffness and mortality, the individual relevance of @entity1 measurements remains controversial. METHODS: A cohort of 242 @entity0 with @entity2 undergoing hemodialysis was studied for a mean (+/- SD) duration of 78 +/- 46 months. At entry, together with standard clinical and biochemical analyses, @entity1 was measured using Doppler ultrasonography. On the basis of a nomogram established on 469 nonuremic subjects, a theoretical value of @entity1 was determined in @entity2 @entity0 according to their age, blood pressure, gender, and heart period. The @entity1 index (measured @entity1 - theoretical @entity1 ) was then calculated for each individual @entity2 @entity0 . RESULTS: Based on Cox analysis, the @entity1 index, but neither pulse pressure nor cardiac mass, was a strong and independent predictor of both cardiovascular and overall mortality, together with age and time on dialysis before inclusion. @entity0 with positive (versus negative) @entity1 index had a twofold adjusted risk of mortality during the follow-up. Per each 1 meter/second @entity1 index increment, we observed a 34% (crude) and a 14% (adjusted) increase in both cardiovascular and overall mortality (P < 0.02 for all). CONCLUSION: In @entity2 @entity0 , the calculation of a @entity1 index provides information about cardiovascular and overall mortality risk with high predictive power, showing that @entity1 measurements provide discriminatory prognostic power over and above conventional cardiovascular risk factors.

title: Aortic pulse wave velocity index and mortality in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twenty @entity0 with @entity3 (T1, 3 @entity0 ; T2, 6 @entity0 ; T3, 8 @entity0 ; T4a, 3 @entity0 ) were preoperatively treated with intra-arterial @entity4 chemotherapy in combination with low-dose irradiation. The originally scheduled operations were as follows: total cystectomy in 16 @entity0 (T1 + cis, 1 @entity0 ; T2, 5 @entity0 ; T3, 7 @entity0 ; T4a, 3 @entity0 ), segmental cystectomy in 2 @entity0 , and transurethral resection in 2 @entity0 . The total dose of @entity4 ranged from 120 to 540 mg (251.5 +/- 100.2 mg), and that of irradiation was from 4 to 36 Gy (24.4 +/- 7.3 Gy). Clinical and pathological effects were evaluated in all of the cases. Clinically, complete remission (CR) was observed in 14 cases (70.0%), partial remission (PR) was seen in 3 cases, a minor response (MR) occurred in 2 cases, and no response (NR) was seen in 1 @entity0 ; non @entity0 showed @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The pathological effects (according to the criteria of Shimosato et al.) were as follows: grade IV was seen in 10 cases, grade III in 3 cases, and less than grade II in 7 cases; however, viable @entity1 cell were not seen in 13 (65.0%) of the 20 cases. The bladder was preserved in 13 (81.3%) of the 16 cases for which total cystectomy had been recommended. All of the @entity0 were followed up for periods ranging from 3 to 54 months (26.3 +/- 16.5 months), during which time 6 @entity0 (30.0%) died (3 with @entity1 , 1 without @entity1 , and 2 unknown causes). The actual survival rate according to the stage of disease was 100.0% at 50 months in T1-T2 and 40.9% at 54 months in T3-T4a. In T3-T4a, the actual survival rate in pathologically complete responders was 60% (relative rate 68.8%) at 54 months, and the actual survival rate in incomplete responders was 25.0% (relative rate 27.1%) at 36 months. The results of our study are encouraging, especially in T1-T2 and T3-T4a cases, who showed a complete response. It is concluded that @entity4 intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with low-dose irradiation could be the first treatment of choice for locally invasive @entity3 .

title: The role of preoperative intra-arterial @entity4 chemotherapy in combination with low-dose irradiation for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Twenty @entity0 with @entity3 (T1, 3 @entity0 ; T2, 6 @entity0 ; T3, 8 @entity0 ; T4a, 3 @entity0 ) were preoperatively treated with intra-arterial @entity4 chemotherapy in combination with low-dose irradiation. The originally scheduled operations were as follows: total cystectomy in 16 @entity0 (T1 + cis, 1 @entity0 ; T2, 5 @entity0 ; T3, 7 @entity0 ; T4a, 3 @entity0 ), segmental cystectomy in 2 @entity0 , and transurethral resection in 2 @entity0 . The total dose of @entity4 ranged from 120 to 540 mg (251.5 +/- 100.2 mg), and that of irradiation was from 4 to 36 Gy (24.4 +/- 7.3 Gy). Clinical and pathological effects were evaluated in all of the cases. Clinically, complete remission (CR) was observed in 14 cases (70.0%), partial remission (PR) was seen in 3 cases, a minor response (MR) occurred in 2 cases, and no response (NR) was seen in 1 @entity0 ; non @entity0 showed @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The pathological effects (according to the criteria of Shimosato et al.) were as follows: grade IV was seen in 10 cases, grade III in 3 cases, and less than grade II in 7 cases; however, viable @entity1 cell were not seen in 13 (65.0%) of the 20 cases. The bladder was preserved in 13 (81.3%) of the 16 cases for which total cystectomy had been recommended. All of the @entity0 were followed up for periods ranging from 3 to 54 months (26.3 +/- 16.5 months), during which time 6 @entity0 (30.0%) died (3 with @entity1 , 1 without @entity1 , and 2 unknown causes). The actual survival rate according to the stage of disease was 100.0% at 50 months in T1-T2 and 40.9% at 54 months in T3-T4a. In T3-T4a, the actual survival rate in pathologically complete responders was 60% (relative rate 68.8%) at 54 months, and the actual survival rate in incomplete responders was 25.0% (relative rate 27.1%) at 36 months. The results of our study are encouraging, especially in T1-T2 and T3-T4a cases, who showed a complete response. It is concluded that @entity4 intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with low-dose irradiation could be the first treatment of choice for locally invasive @entity3 .

title: The role of preoperative intra-arterial XXXX chemotherapy in combination with low-dose irradiation for @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 42-d trial was conducted to study the influence of exogenous alpha-amylase on digestive and performance traits in broilers fed a @entity3 - @entity0 meal diet. There were two treatments (control and alpha-amylase supplemented diet) and six replicates (14 Cobb male chicks caged together) per treatment. At 7 d of age, alpha-amylase supplementation improved daily gain by 9.4% (P < or = 0.05) and feed conversion by 4.2% (P < or = 0.01). At the end of the trial, birds fed the alpha-amylase-supplemented diet ate more and grew faster (P < or = 0.05) and hadbetter feed conversion (P < or = 0.10) than broilers fed the control diet. Also, alpha-amylase supplementation improved apparent fecal digestibility of organic matter and starch (P < or = 0.01) and AMEn of the diet (P < or = 0.001). However, no effects were detected for @entity2 or fat digestibility. Nutrient digestibility and AMEn of the diet increased with age (P < or = 0.001); however, no interactions of alpha-amylase x age were observed for any trait. Coefficients of apparent ileal and fecal digestibility of starch at 28 d of age were similar, which indicated that most of the undigested starch was not fermented in the hindgut of the @entity1 . alpha-Amylase supplementation reduced relative pancreas weight (P < or = 0.001) but did not affect the weight of the remaining organs. Age consistently reduced intestinal viscosity and relative weights of all the organs (P < or = 0.001). The data indicated that alpha-amylase supplementation of a @entity3 - @entity0 meal diet improved digestibility of nutrients and performance of broilers.

title: Alpha-amylase supplementation of broiler diets based on XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The first goal of this study was to examine bilateral effects of reflex activation of sympathetic nerves on the cerebral circulation. @entity3 , which activate sympathetic nerves, were induced in animals with intact nerves and after bilateral cervical sympathetic denervation. Increases in cerebral blood flow (microspheres) and decreases in cerebral vascular resistance were similar in denervated and innervated animals. Thus, during intense metabolic stimulation, metabolic factors are the primary determinant of cerebral blood flow, and bilateral effects of sympathetic nerves are minimal. The second goal of this study was to examine the role of vascular @entity4 in protection of the cerebral circulation. Cerebral perfusion pressure was decreased on one side by clipping one carotid artery in 4-week-old @entity1 -prone spontaneously @entity2 @entity0 . Two to four months later, the clip was removed, and @entity3 were induced. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier in the cerebrum occurred predominantly on the clipped side. We suggest that reduction in perfusion pressure attenuates development of @entity4 and thereby increases susceptibility to disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Thus, @entity4 of cerebral vessels during chronic @entity2 may protect the cerebral circulation.

title: Cerebral circulation: effects of sympathetic nerves and protective mechanisms during XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Current use of angioplasty, thrombolysis, and surgical techniques for prompt reperfusion of an acute @entity2 raises questions concerning the optimum reperfusion technique for maximum myocardial salvage. Alterations in the conditions of reperfusion and/or the composition of the initial reperfusate can exert a significant effect on the extent of myocardial salvage. In an effort to define an optimum reperfusion technique, we used 40 @entity0 in a series of experiments in which the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was snared for 2 hr followed by reperfusion by one of five methods for 4 hr. In addition, in a control group(group I, n = 6) the LAD was occluded for 6 hr without any reperfusion. In group 2 (n = 12), simulating medical reperfusion, reperfusion was achieved by simply releasing the snare for 4 hr. Group 3 @entity0 (n = 6) were placed on pulsatile left @entity4 throughout 4 hr of reperfusion. Group 4 @entity0 (n = 9) were placed on percutaneous, synchronized pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass during reperfusion. The procedure in group 5 (n = 7) @entity0 simulated coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass and cold blood, low-Ca++ cardioplegia during reperfusion. Group 6 (n = 6) was treated similarly except that during reperfusion @entity1 -enriched cardioplegia was administered by warm induction techniques. At the end of 4 hr of reperfusion, the left ventricular area of @entity3 was determined by @entity5 staining and expressed as a percentage of the left ventricular area at risk for @entity3 (area of @entity3 [AI]/area at risk [AR]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of methods for limiting XXXX expansion during acute reperfusion--primary role of unloading.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A driving simulator was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a 30-min. nap and 300-mg slow-release @entity3 as countermeasures to drivers' @entity1 induced by @entity2 . 12 @entity0 were allowed 45 hr. time in bed at the laboratory. Driving performance then was measured twice--at 9 a.m. and at 1 p.m.--by a 45-min. driving task on a simulator. @entity1 /alertness and mood were assessed four times on the Stanford Sleepiness Scale and the Profile of Mood States. Driving performance was assessed as Lane Drifting, Speed Deviation, and Accident Liability. A 30-min. nap opportunity and 300 mg of slow-release @entity3 both were successful in counteracting drivers' @entity1 . The remedial effect of slow-release @entity3 lasted longer than that of the nap, that is, it was also effective in the afternoon session. This suggests that slow-release @entity3 represents a valuable countermeasure that, in the case of @entity2 , is preferred to a nap when @entity1 has to be counteracted for a longer time.

title: Effects of slow-release @entity3 and a nap on driving simulator performance after XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A driving simulator was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a 30-min. nap and 300-mg slow-release @entity3 as countermeasures to drivers' @entity1 induced by @entity2 . 12 @entity0 were allowed 45 hr. time in bed at the laboratory. Driving performance then was measured twice--at 9 a.m. and at 1 p.m.--by a 45-min. driving task on a simulator. @entity1 /alertness and mood were assessed four times on the Stanford Sleepiness Scale and the Profile of Mood States. Driving performance was assessed as Lane Drifting, Speed Deviation, and Accident Liability. A 30-min. nap opportunity and 300 mg of slow-release @entity3 both were successful in counteracting drivers' @entity1 . The remedial effect of slow-release @entity3 lasted longer than that of the nap, that is, it was also effective in the afternoon session. This suggests that slow-release @entity3 represents a valuable countermeasure that, in the case of @entity2 , is preferred to a nap when @entity1 has to be counteracted for a longer time.

title: Effects of slow-release XXXX and a nap on driving simulator performance after @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incomplete resection of a @entity2 does not necessarily imply @entity0 recurrence. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the clinical features most often associated with positive surgical margins and to establish whether positive margins effectively imply @entity0 recurrence. METHODS: We did a retrospective evaluation of 273 @entity2 in a total of 248 subjects. For each case, data regarding @entity0 location, sex, histological type and the presence or absence of affected surgical margins were collected. Follow-up was available in 151 cases. RESULTS: Positive margins were most often observed in @entity1 , particularly in the nasal and perioral areas, and for morphoeic histological types. Tumours with margin involvement exhibited a higher recurrence rate (26%) than those with free margins (14%) over a 5-year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Individualized management, with special considerations depending on @entity0 location and histological type, is needed to treat @entity2 and cases with affected margins. Re-excision, preferably with Mohs' surgery, is advised in the latter as recurrences are much more complicated to treat. Furthermore, all cases need adequate follow-up, even in cases with unaffected surgical margins.

title: Positive margins in XXXX : relationship to clinical features and recurrence risk. A retrospective study of 248 patients.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To prepare and evaluate the solid lipid nanoparticles of @entity1 (BA- @entity2 ) for ocular drug delivery system. METHODS: The BA- @entity2 was prepared by emulsification/ultrasonication method. The appearance of BA- @entity2 was examined by the negative stain method. The mean diameter and zeta potential of BA- @entity2 were determined using a Zetasizer. The entrapment efficiency of BA- @entity2 was determined by Sephadex-G50 column. And the solid-state characterization of BA- @entity2 was analyzed by DSC and X-ray. The release of drug from BA- @entity2 was evaluated using dialysis bag diffusion technique. The effects of @entity2 on corneal permeability of @entity1 were investigated in vitro, using isolated @entity0 corneas. The in vivo ocular irritation of BA- @entity2 was tested by pathological section observation using @entity0 . The pharmacokinetics was evaluated by microdialysis in the @entity0 aqueous humors. RESULTS: The results showed that the BA- @entity2 had an average diameter of 91.42    1.02 nm with a zeta potential of -33.5    -1.28 mV and the entrapment efficiency of 62.45    1.67%. In vitro release studies indicated that the BA- @entity2 retained the drug entity better than the @entity1 ophthalmic solutions (BA-SOL). In the pharmacokinetics studies, the AUC value of BA- @entity2 was 4.0-fold versus the BA-SOL (P < 0.01), and the Cmax value of BA- @entity2 versus the BA-SOL was 5.3-fold (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity2 can be used as a carrier to enhance ocular bioavailability of @entity1 .

title: Preparation and evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles of XXXX for ocular drug delivery system in vitro and in vivo.

answer: @entity1


abstract: With an incidence of 1/2800 to 1/5000 live-births, perinatal arterial @entity7 is the most frequent form of @entity7 in @entity0 . About 40% of the @entity0 do not have specific symptoms in the neonatal period, and are only recognized later with the emergence of @entity3 , @entity4 , specific @entity3 or @entity8 . In the remaining 60%, @entity0 present with early symptoms, mostly recurrent focal @entity8 in the first 3 days of life. The diagnosis is easily confirmed by cranial ultrasounds and MRI. Early MRI has both a key role in the diagnosis, dating the injury, but also an important prognostic value to predict the motor outcome of the @entity0 . Indeed, although the @entity11 does not recur, the majority of @entity0 show subsequent sequels: @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity3 . Finding predictors of outcome regarding these latter concerns (and the way to prevent or alleviate them) is of major interest. The main etiological hypothesis for perinatal @entity12 is a @entity10 , originating from the placenta through the foramen ovale. Most of the established risk factors are indeed either determinants or biomarkers of vasculo-placental pathology. Injury to the cervico-cerebral arteries, giving rise to @entity9 /embolus during the birthing process is also suggested. Both placento-embolic and traumatic theories are supported by a few, but well-analysed pathological or arteriographic reports. Nevertheless, their relative frequency, the implication of other mechanisms, and their repercussions to evidence-based preventive strategies remain to be determined. Moreover, the mechanism of @entity2 in the different groups of newborns with @entity2 (term vs. preterm; symptomatic neonates vs. those with a delayed presentation) is likely to be different, and there is a need for future studies to assess all populations as different entities. Neonatal supportive care remains important for all @entity0 while there is no evidence for preventive anticoagulant use at present. In an effort to reduce @entity1 , and in adjunction with ongoing physical therapy and pharmacological treatment, new rehabilitative interventions, such as constraint-induced movement therapy and mirror therapy, are increasingly being used.

title: New insights (and new interrogations) in perinatal arterial XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The daily @entity1 levels during the first week of life in 94 premature very low birthweight (VLBW, less than 1500 g) relatively 'healthy' @entity0 were determined. Mean daily @entity1 values peaked on the fourth day of life at 188.1 mumol/l (s.e.m. = 5.3). Twenty-eight @entity0 developed hyperbilirubinaemia ( @entity1 greater than 260 mumol/l), at which time they were exposed to phototherapy. When individual peak @entity1 values were evaluated, the overall peak value was 213.9 mumol/l (s.e.m. = 5.1) occurring at 4.81 days (s.e.m. = 0.11), although the value is most likely an underestimate, since the 28 pre-phototherapy values were not truly peak values. Seventy-six (81%) @entity0 experienced @entity1 levels greater than 170 mumol/l. The method of delivery apparently had no impact on the @entity1 levels. All the @entity0 remained well and progressed satisfactorily. 'Healthy' VLBW @entity0 experience a much greater incidence and severity of @entity2 than mature @entity0 with the same clinical status.

title: XXXX in 'healthy' very low birthweight @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The daily @entity1 levels during the first week of life in 94 premature very low birthweight (VLBW, less than 1500 g) relatively 'healthy' @entity0 were determined. Mean daily @entity1 values peaked on the fourth day of life at 188.1 mumol/l (s.e.m. = 5.3). Twenty-eight @entity0 developed hyperbilirubinaemia ( @entity1 greater than 260 mumol/l), at which time they were exposed to phototherapy. When individual peak @entity1 values were evaluated, the overall peak value was 213.9 mumol/l (s.e.m. = 5.1) occurring at 4.81 days (s.e.m. = 0.11), although the value is most likely an underestimate, since the 28 pre-phototherapy values were not truly peak values. Seventy-six (81%) @entity0 experienced @entity1 levels greater than 170 mumol/l. The method of delivery apparently had no impact on the @entity1 levels. All the @entity0 remained well and progressed satisfactorily. 'Healthy' VLBW @entity0 experience a much greater incidence and severity of @entity2 than mature @entity0 with the same clinical status.

title: @entity2 in 'healthy' very low birthweight XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Experimental evidence suggests that leptin may exert direct effects on peripheral tissues. In this study we investigated some transductional molecules in skeletal muscle, after intraperitoneal leptin injection in wild-type and ob/ob @entity0 . By immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting with anti- @entity8 antibodies, we observed a modified pattern of @entity8 proteins. We then identified an increase in @entity13 , @entity6 and @entity5 @entity1 -phosphorylation and in their association with @entity12 , a subunit of @entity4 . The increase in @entity4 activity in immunoprecipitated @entity12 did not reach statistical significance, however, both @entity2 and @entity7 resulted significantly hyper-phosphorylated. Bad, an @entity2 substrate involved in cell survival, appeared modified in its phosphorylation. @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity3 MAP kinase phosphorylation significantly increased, even if the latter only in wild-type animals. Finally, by EMSA experiments, we documented that leptin increased the DNA binding capacity of @entity9 homodimers and AP-1. Thus, leptin appears to activate, within minutes, some insulin signalling molecules. @entity9 and AP-1 activation by gene expression remodelling could subsequently trigger more leptin-specific effects. Further, leptin might play a still underestimated role in cell survival.

title: Early intracellular events induced by in vivo leptin treatment in XXXX skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In many mammals, hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy and parturition produce neurochemical events that are necessary for the transition from a non-maternal state to a maternal state that occurs when @entity0 are born. However, the nature of these events is mostly unknown. We investigated whether changes in @entity4 (DA) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) activity within the preoptic area (POA) and striatum, neural sites important for some @entity2 , could be part of this process. Female @entity1 were sacrificed as either diestrus virgins, on pregnancy day 10 or 20, on the day of parturition, or on day 7 or 17 of lactation. Bilateral tissue punches from the POA, dorsolateral striatum (ST(dl)), and nucleus accumbens (NA) were obtained and levels of intracellular DA and @entity3 analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). In the POA, DA was high in virgins and during early pregnancy, lowest on the day of parturition, and very high during lactation. Although there were no changes in the @entity5 to DA ratio (i.e., turnover), @entity5 levels also followed this pattern. @entity3 turnover in the POA was lower in virgins compared to other groups. In the ST(dl), DA turnover was highest during late pregnancy and on the day of parturition, while no changes in @entity3 measures were found. No significant effects were found in the NA. Therefore, decreased DAergic activity in the POA and increased DAergic activity in the ST(dl) occurs around parturition, the time when maternal behavior emerges, and may influence its onset.

title: Intracellular preoptic and striatal monoamines in pregnant and lactating XXXX : possible role in maternal behavior.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of corticosteroids in severe @entity2 and @entity1 remains controversial. This study described the use of L'Abb   and pooled calibration plots to assess the relationship between severity of illness and effectiveness of corticosteroids for severe @entity2 . METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing corticosteroids and placebo from Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were retrieved. The observed and predicted mortality rates of the placebo groups were used as a measure of the severity of illness of the @entity0 in L'Abb   and calibration plots. RESULTS: A total of 1089 @entity0 from 10 RCTs fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were subject to further analysis. L'Abb   and calibration plots did not suggest significant interactions between the effectiveness of corticosteroids and severity of illness. The pooled calibration plot suggested that the mortality rates of the placebo groups from three studies were higher than predicted. After excluding these studies in the meta-analysis, there was a reduction in the point estimate of benefit of corticosteroids on mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71-1.33, P=0.87 by a fixed-effect model, P=0.59 by a random-effects model vs OR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.66-1.10%]. CONCLUSIONS: The pooled calibration plot suggested that there were excessive deaths in the placebo groups of some RCTs that could explain the apparent benefit of corticosteroids on mortality of @entity0 with severe @entity2 . L'Abb   and pooled calibration plots might be useful as adjuncts to assess interactions between severity of illness and effectiveness of an intervention.

title: Use of L'Abb   and pooled calibration plots to assess the relationship between severity of illness and effectiveness in studies of corticosteroids for severe XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE(S): @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are serious complications in @entity0 and for which the standard of care, unfractionated heparin followed by oral anticoagulation (UFH/ @entity3 ), is problematic. The objective of REVIVE was to compare the efficacy and safety of a low molecular weight heparin (reviparin- @entity6 ) to UFH/ @entity3 for the treatment of @entity5 in @entity0 . STUDY DESIGN: This multicenter, open-label study, with blinded central outcome adjudication, randomized @entity0 with objectively confirmed @entity5 to receive either reviparin- @entity6 or UFH/ @entity3 . Dose adjustments were made using nomograms. The efficacy outcome was based on recurrent @entity5 and @entity1 due to @entity5 during the 3-month treatment period. The safety outcomes were @entity2 , minor @entity2 and @entity1 . Due to slow @entity0 accrual, REVIVE was closed prematurely. RESULTS: At 3 months, with reviparin- @entity6 , 2/36 @entity0 (5.6%) had recurrent @entity5 or @entity1 compared to 4/40 @entity0 (10.0%) receiving UFH/ @entity3 (odds ratio=0.53; 95% CI=(0.05, 4.00); Fisher's exact test: 2P=0.677). There were 7 major @entity2 , 2/36 (5.6%) in the reviparin- @entity6 group and 5/40 (12.5%) in UFH/ @entity3 group (odds ratio=0.41; 95% confidence interval 0.04, 2.76); Fisher's exact test: P=0.435). There were 5 deaths during the study period, 1 (2.8%) in the reviparin- @entity6 group and 4 (10.0%) in the UFH/ @entity3 group. All five deaths were unrelated to @entity5 but one was due to an @entity4 in the UFH/ @entity3 group. CONCLUSIONS: Although limited by small sample size, REVIVE provides valuable information on the incidence of recurrent @entity5 , @entity2 and problematic issues associated with therapy of @entity5 in @entity0 .

title: An open-label randomized controlled trial of low molecular weight heparin compared to heparin and coumadin for the treatment of venous thromboembolic events in XXXX : the REVIVE trial.

answer: @entity0