abstract: BACKGROUND: Small RNA (sRNA) regulatory pathways (SRRPs) are important to anti-viral defence in mosquitoes. To identify critical features of the @entity1 process in @entity2 (DENV2)-infected Ae. aegypti, we deep-sequenced small non-coding RNAs. Triplicate biological replicates were used so that rigorous statistical metrics could be applied. RESULTS: In addition to virus-derived siRNAs (20-23 nts) previously reported for other arbovirus-infected mosquitoes, we show that @entity4 pathway sRNAs (piRNAs) (24-30 nts) and unusually small RNAs (usRNAs) (13-19 nts) are produced in DENV-infected mosquitoes. We demonstrate that a major catalytic enzyme of the siRNA pathway, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), co-migrates with a ~1 megadalton complex in adults prior to bloodfeeding. sRNAs were cloned and sequenced from @entity3 immunoprecipitations. Viral sRNA patterns change over the course of @entity0 . Host sRNAs were mapped to the published aedine transcriptome and subjected to analysis using edgeR (Bioconductor). We found that sRNA profiles are altered early in DENV2 @entity0 , and mRNA targets from mitochondrial, transcription/translation, and transport functional categories are affected. Moreover, small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as tRNAs, spliceosomal U RNAs, and snoRNAs are highly enriched in DENV-infected samples at 2 and 4 dpi. CONCLUSIONS: These data implicate the @entity4 pathway in anti-viral defense. Changes to host sRNA profiles indicate that specific cellular processes are affected during DENV @entity0 , such as mitochondrial function and @entity5 levels. Together, these data provide important progress in understanding the DENV2 @entity0 process in Ae. aegypti.

title: Small RNA profiling of Dengue virus-mosquito interactions implicates the XXXX RNA pathway in anti-viral defense.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Influenza super-strains can emerge through recombination of strains from birds, @entity3 , and @entity0 . However, once a new recombinant strain emerges, it is not clear whether the strain is capable of sustaining an outbreak. In certain cases, such strains have caused major @entity2 pandemics. METHODS: Here we develop a multi-host (i.e., birds, @entity3 , and @entity0 ) and multi-strain model of @entity2 to analyze the outcome of emergent strains. In the model, @entity3 act as "mixing vessels" for avian and @entity0 strains and can produce super-strains from genetic recombination. RESULTS: We find that epidemiological outcomes are predicted by three factors: (i) contact between @entity3 and @entity0 , (ii) transmissibility of the super-strain in @entity0 , and (iii) transmissibility from @entity3 to @entity0 . Specifically, outbreaks will reoccur when the super-strain @entity1 are less frequent between @entity0 (e.g., R0=1.4) but frequent from @entity3 to @entity0 , and a large-scale outbreak followed by successively damping outbreaks will occur when @entity0 transmissibility is high (e.g., R0=2.3). The average time between the initial outbreak and the first resurgence varies from 41 to 82 years. We determine the largest outbreak will occur when 2.3 <R0 < 3.8 and the highest cumulative @entity1 occur when 0 <R0 < 3.0 and is dependent on the frequency of @entity3 -to- @entity0 @entity1 for lower R0 values (0 <R0 < 1.9). CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide insights on the effect of species interactions on the dynamics of @entity2 super-strains. Counter intuitively, epidemics may occur in @entity0 even if the transmissibility of a super-strain is low. Surprisingly, our modeling shows strains that have generated past epidemics (e.g., H1N1) could resurge decades after they have apparently disappeared.

title: Emergence and dynamics of XXXX super-strains.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present a rare cause of @entity3 , and the differential diagnosis of a lesion of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. CASE REPORT: A 19-year-old @entity0 presented to a tertiary referral skull base centre with right periorbital @entity3 and a progressive, right-sided deficit of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. Clinical examination revealed right-sided hypoaesthesia in the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve dermatome, mild trismus and some wasting of the right masseter muscle. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed a small area of mildly enhancing soft tissue centred within the foramen ovale, with concentric enlargement. Surgery was undertaken via an infratemporal fossa (Fisch) type D approach. @entity4 was found filling the foramen ovale, with no obvious nerve separate from the lesion. The lesion was removed en bloc. Histopathological analysis demonstrated a @entity5 within the nerve. CONCLUSION: @entity3 is common, and may be wrongly attributed to trigeminal @entity1 . A thorough clinical examination must be performed to identify subtle @entity2 , and appropriate imaging undertaken to exclude rare causes, such as this @entity5 of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.

title: XXXX of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to present a rare @entity1 of neural origin located in the orbit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Authors describe case of six-year-old @entity0 with @entity1 of the right orbit, upper eyelid and right zygomatic fossa. Medical history revealed gradually increasing in size, painless @entity1 . Before admission to the hospital computed tomography was taken to assess the size, localization of the @entity1 and to plan the proper treatment. RESULTS: The @entity0 was operated on using Kr  nlein approach. @entity1 was removed in macroscopically radical limits without need to incise the muscles responsible for eye movement. Histopathological examination revealed: @entity2 , classic type. During one year follow-up there was no recurrence. CONCLUSION: @entity2 may occur in young @entity0 in eyelid and orbit. A unique localization of @entity2 in the orbit, close to the lacrimal gland shows that this kind of histopatological @entity1 may infiltrate deeper tissues. Surgical treatment of @entity2 is the same as in other @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX of the orbit].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: GreenLight HPS    laser photoselective vaporization prostatectomy ( @entity5 ) is a treatment option for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to @entity2 . We review our experience using the 120 W GreenLight HPS laser system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated our experience with GreenLight HPS laser @entity5 . All @entity0 who failed medical therapy underwent GreenLight HPS laser @entity5 (C.W.). All had American Urological Association Symptom Score, Quality of Life score, Sexual Health Inventory for @entity0 , American Society of Anesthesiologists risk score, serum @entity3 , maximum flow rate, and postvoid residual determinations and volumetric measurements with transrectal ultrasonography. Transurethral @entity5 was performed using a GreenLight HPS side-firing laser system. RESULTS: 170 consecutive @entity0 were identified, having a mean age of 67.4  9.5 years. The mean prostate volume was 65.3  36.7    mL and mean American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 2.3  0.7. Mean laser time, operating time, and energy usage were 14.1  10.5 minutes, 33.5  24.7 minutes, and 95.0  72.3    kJ, respectively. All were outpatient procedures with 100 (58.8%) @entity0 catheter-free at discharge. 35 (20.5%) and 26 (15.3%) @entity0 had follow-up of 24 and 36 months, respectively. Eight (4.7%) @entity0 developed a @entity1 . No @entity4 contracture or urethral stricture were reported. American Urological Association Symptom Score, Quality of Life, maximum flow rate, and postvoid residual showed immediate and stable improvement from baseline (p<0.05) that has been durable to 36 months. The Sexual Health Inventory for @entity0 score did not change postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Our intermediate results suggest that GreenLight HPS laser @entity5 is safe, effective, and durable for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to @entity2 .

title: Intermediate outcomes of GreenLight HPS    laser photoselective vaporization prostatectomy for symptomatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The etiopathogenesis of @entity3 , a systemic @entity5 , still remains obscure. A multitude of organs have been described to be affected in systemic @entity3 . Skeletal muscles may also be affected, leading to @entity7 and @entity4 . A workup of the specific immune response with emphasis on the macrophage response is provided herein. Affected muscle tissue from seven @entity0 with systemic @entity3 was analyzed and compared with that from seven @entity0 with other @entity2 containing macrophagocytic infiltration. Monocytes/macrophages and giant cells in granulomas of muscle tissue from @entity0 with @entity3 show a status of alternative activation (M2) based on their expression of @entity14 , @entity11 , @entity15 as a consequence of a functionally type 2 helper T cell (Th2)-biased cytokine profile. Significant @entity1 and up-regulation of @entity13 were associated with the M2 phenotype of macrophages. Conversely, up-regulated @entity8 cytokines did not result in significant classical activation of macrophages (M1), with poor inducible @entity6 synthase and @entity9 production. Giant cell formation was further associated with up-regulated expression of DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12; gene symbol @entity12 ). Functionally, alternative activation of macrophages on the basis of a Th2-biased immune response may induce clinical symptoms and chronic evolution of @entity10 . This is the first characterization of Th2-mediated immune mechanisms in @entity10 suggesting that a specific macrophage activation status leading to myofibrosis may be a key event in the pathogenesis of this disease.

title: M2 polarized macrophages and giant cells contribute to myofibrosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: An 82-year-old female underwent emergency surgery for right femoral @entity1 under general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with @entity10 and @entity9 . Her laboratory data showed severe @entity8 (1.83 mEq x l(-1)) and @entity13 (HCO3 36.9 mmol x l(-1)). We suspected that the causes of such abnormalities were due to an @entity5 , but we could not ascertain the actual cause. Drip infusion of @entity11 and saline solution infusion, to avoid supplying @entity6 or @entity2 , the source of @entity12 ions, were chosen for palliative treatment. No adverse event occurred during surgery. After surgery, endocrinological functions were examined. Primary aldosteronism was ruled out because serum @entity7 and rennin activity were within normal ranges. The @entity0 had been taking a Kampo preparation, Shakuyaku-kanzo-to, for two years. @entity14 , the main component of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to, has been reported to be a cause of @entity15 by inhibiting the enzyme converting @entity3 to @entity4 . With these findings we confirmed that severe @entity8 was induced by @entity15 by long-term administration of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to.

title: [Case of severe XXXX during emergency surgery caused by long-term administration of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to].

answer: @entity8


abstract: We administered anesthesia for a 20-month-old @entity0 with @entity3 who underwent orthopedic syndactyly repair on two occasions. Anesthetic considerations include the difficult fixation of the tracheal tube and iv cannulas and the risk of @entity2 . Intravenous access placement was also difficult due to the @entity3 and the @entity1 . In the first surgery, pharyngeal temperature fell to 34.4 degrees C despite the use of the 37 degrees C circulating water mattress and room temperature set to 26 degrees C. It gradually returned to 36 degrees C during the surgery. We applied Steri-Strip compound @entity4 tincture to the skin to increase adhesiveness before taping the tracheal tube. It resulted in a good fixation but difficult removal. In the second surgery, we fixed the tracheal tube with a tube holder which enabled the fixation without the use of adhesive tapes to the skin. To maintain body temperature we used forced air warming device Bair Huggar, which was very useful to avoid @entity2 but resulting in a rather high body temperature. In conclusion, a tube holder was an effective device to fix the tracheal tube in this @entity0 . Forced air warming device was useful to prevent @entity2 .

title: [Anesthetic considerations for a @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: We administered anesthesia for a 20-month-old @entity0 with @entity3 who underwent orthopedic syndactyly repair on two occasions. Anesthetic considerations include the difficult fixation of the tracheal tube and iv cannulas and the risk of @entity2 . Intravenous access placement was also difficult due to the @entity3 and the @entity1 . In the first surgery, pharyngeal temperature fell to 34.4 degrees C despite the use of the 37 degrees C circulating water mattress and room temperature set to 26 degrees C. It gradually returned to 36 degrees C during the surgery. We applied Steri-Strip compound @entity4 tincture to the skin to increase adhesiveness before taping the tracheal tube. It resulted in a good fixation but difficult removal. In the second surgery, we fixed the tracheal tube with a tube holder which enabled the fixation without the use of adhesive tapes to the skin. To maintain body temperature we used forced air warming device Bair Huggar, which was very useful to avoid @entity2 but resulting in a rather high body temperature. In conclusion, a tube holder was an effective device to fix the tracheal tube in this @entity0 . Forced air warming device was useful to prevent @entity2 .

title: [Anesthetic considerations for a XXXX with @entity3 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical resection for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with suprahepatic inferior vena cava @entity2 @entity3 is associated with significant morbidity, yet there are currently no tools for preoperative prognostic evaluation. Our goal was to develop a preoperative multivariable model for prediction of survival and risk of major complications in @entity0 with suprahepatic thrombi. METHODS: We identified @entity0 who underwent surgery for @entity5 with @entity2 @entity3 extension from 2000 to 2013 at 4 tertiary centers. A Cox proportional hazard model was used for analysis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and logistic regression was used for major complications within 90 days of surgery (Clavien>= 3A). Nomograms were internally calibrated by bootstrap resampling method. RESULTS: A total of 49 @entity0 with level III @entity3 and 83 @entity0 with level IV @entity3 were identified. During median follow-up of 24.5 months, 80 @entity0 (60.6%) died and 46 @entity0 (34.8%) experienced major complication. Independent prognostic factors for @entity4 included distant @entity1 at presentation (hazard ratio = 2.52, P = 0.002) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (hazard ratio = 1.84, P<0.0001). Variables associated with increased risk of major complications on univariate analysis included preoperative systemic symptoms, level IV @entity3 , and elevated preoperative alkaline phosphatase and @entity6 transaminase levels; however, only systemic symptoms (odds ratio = 8.45, P<0.0001) was an independent prognostic factor. Preoperative nomograms achieved a concordance index of 0.72 for @entity4 and 0.83 for major complications. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed and internally validated multivariable preoperative models for the prediction of survival and major complications in @entity0 with @entity5 who have a suprahepatic inferior vena cava @entity3 . If externally validated, these tools may aid in @entity0 selection for surgical intervention.

title: Preoperative multivariable prognostic models for prediction of survival and major complications following surgical resection of XXXX with suprahepatic caval @entity2 @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical resection for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with suprahepatic inferior vena cava @entity2 @entity3 is associated with significant morbidity, yet there are currently no tools for preoperative prognostic evaluation. Our goal was to develop a preoperative multivariable model for prediction of survival and risk of major complications in @entity0 with suprahepatic thrombi. METHODS: We identified @entity0 who underwent surgery for @entity5 with @entity2 @entity3 extension from 2000 to 2013 at 4 tertiary centers. A Cox proportional hazard model was used for analysis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and logistic regression was used for major complications within 90 days of surgery (Clavien>= 3A). Nomograms were internally calibrated by bootstrap resampling method. RESULTS: A total of 49 @entity0 with level III @entity3 and 83 @entity0 with level IV @entity3 were identified. During median follow-up of 24.5 months, 80 @entity0 (60.6%) died and 46 @entity0 (34.8%) experienced major complication. Independent prognostic factors for @entity4 included distant @entity1 at presentation (hazard ratio = 2.52, P = 0.002) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (hazard ratio = 1.84, P<0.0001). Variables associated with increased risk of major complications on univariate analysis included preoperative systemic symptoms, level IV @entity3 , and elevated preoperative alkaline phosphatase and @entity6 transaminase levels; however, only systemic symptoms (odds ratio = 8.45, P<0.0001) was an independent prognostic factor. Preoperative nomograms achieved a concordance index of 0.72 for @entity4 and 0.83 for major complications. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed and internally validated multivariable preoperative models for the prediction of survival and major complications in @entity0 with @entity5 who have a suprahepatic inferior vena cava @entity3 . If externally validated, these tools may aid in @entity0 selection for surgical intervention.

title: Preoperative multivariable prognostic models for prediction of survival and major complications following surgical resection of @entity5 with suprahepatic caval XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical resection for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with suprahepatic inferior vena cava @entity2 @entity3 is associated with significant morbidity, yet there are currently no tools for preoperative prognostic evaluation. Our goal was to develop a preoperative multivariable model for prediction of survival and risk of major complications in @entity0 with suprahepatic thrombi. METHODS: We identified @entity0 who underwent surgery for @entity5 with @entity2 @entity3 extension from 2000 to 2013 at 4 tertiary centers. A Cox proportional hazard model was used for analysis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and logistic regression was used for major complications within 90 days of surgery (Clavien>= 3A). Nomograms were internally calibrated by bootstrap resampling method. RESULTS: A total of 49 @entity0 with level III @entity3 and 83 @entity0 with level IV @entity3 were identified. During median follow-up of 24.5 months, 80 @entity0 (60.6%) died and 46 @entity0 (34.8%) experienced major complication. Independent prognostic factors for @entity4 included distant @entity1 at presentation (hazard ratio = 2.52, P = 0.002) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (hazard ratio = 1.84, P<0.0001). Variables associated with increased risk of major complications on univariate analysis included preoperative systemic symptoms, level IV @entity3 , and elevated preoperative alkaline phosphatase and @entity6 transaminase levels; however, only systemic symptoms (odds ratio = 8.45, P<0.0001) was an independent prognostic factor. Preoperative nomograms achieved a concordance index of 0.72 for @entity4 and 0.83 for major complications. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed and internally validated multivariable preoperative models for the prediction of survival and major complications in @entity0 with @entity5 who have a suprahepatic inferior vena cava @entity3 . If externally validated, these tools may aid in @entity0 selection for surgical intervention.

title: Preoperative multivariable prognostic models for prediction of survival and major complications following surgical resection of @entity5 with suprahepatic caval @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated symptoms and tests performed prior to a formal diagnosis of @entity1 and the reasons for diagnostic delay. METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 recently diagnosed with @entity1 were enrolled between October 2012 and November 2013. Clinical data, symptoms including Rome III criteria at onset and at diagnosis, location and disease phenotype were recorded. Faecal calprotectin, radiological and endoscopic examinations performed prior to diagnosis were analysed. Diagnostic delay, stratified into tertiles and median time, was analysed using parametric and nonparametric tests. RESULTS: 83 @entity0 (49.4% males, median age 31 years) were enrolled. The median diagnostic delay was 8 (0-324) months. Twenty-six @entity0 did not consult a general practitioner until diagnosis (31.3%), 18 presented to the emergency department (21.7%) and 8 directly to a gastroenterologist (9.6%). Diagnostic delay was not associated with specific symptoms. However, @entity0 with bloating at presentation had a longer delay compared to those who did not (median, 6.1 vs. 16.8 months, respectively; p=0.016). Nineteen @entity0 underwent incomplete ileocolonoscopies (22.9%) and 7 had no biopsies (8.4%), with a consequent diagnostic delay (median, 24 and 24 vs. 6 months, respectively; p=0.025 and p=0.008). CONCLUSION: Diagnostic delay for @entity1 is significantly associated with incomplete ileocolonoscopies, but not with symptoms, except bloating at presentation.

title: The impact of symptoms, irritable bowel syndrome pattern and diagnostic investigations on the diagnostic delay of XXXX : A prospective study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of topical therapy in the treatment of @entity0 has declined in recent years despite evidence of good efficacy. AIMS: To review US prescription trends for @entity1 ( @entity2 ) since the US approval of Asacol extended-release oral @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in 1992; to estimate the optimal level of @entity2 exposure in the distal colon; to determine factors influencing distal colonic exposures; and to compare the effectiveness of different @entity2 formulations (oral, topical suspension, foam, suppositories) in clinical trials. METHODS: Review of clinical trials, physiologic studies and prescription trends of various @entity1 formulations for treatment of distal @entity0 . RESULTS: Between 1992 and 2009, prescriptions for oral @entity1 increased sixfold, whereas topical suspensions declined by 10%. In clinical trials, topical therapy resulted in higher remission and clinical response rates than oral therapy, with trends to earlier improvement. The mucosal concentrations of @entity2 achieved by topical agents in the distal colon were up to 200-fold higher than those achieved by oral administration alone. Despite active colitis, over 40% of a topically administered 4 g @entity2 suspension (equal to 1.6 g) reached the sigmoid colon. This likely represents a therapeutic exposure of @entity2 . Although topical therapies are less convenient than oral medications, treatment algorithms have failed to take into account quality of life improvements resulting from more rapid and complete treatment response. CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity1 therapy is superior to oral therapy in distal @entity0 for both therapeutic response and drug delivery. Practice patterns should be re-evaluated in light of this information.

title: Review article: delivery and efficacy of topical @entity1 ( @entity1 ) therapy in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of topical therapy in the treatment of @entity0 has declined in recent years despite evidence of good efficacy. AIMS: To review US prescription trends for @entity1 ( @entity2 ) since the US approval of Asacol extended-release oral @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in 1992; to estimate the optimal level of @entity2 exposure in the distal colon; to determine factors influencing distal colonic exposures; and to compare the effectiveness of different @entity2 formulations (oral, topical suspension, foam, suppositories) in clinical trials. METHODS: Review of clinical trials, physiologic studies and prescription trends of various @entity1 formulations for treatment of distal @entity0 . RESULTS: Between 1992 and 2009, prescriptions for oral @entity1 increased sixfold, whereas topical suspensions declined by 10%. In clinical trials, topical therapy resulted in higher remission and clinical response rates than oral therapy, with trends to earlier improvement. The mucosal concentrations of @entity2 achieved by topical agents in the distal colon were up to 200-fold higher than those achieved by oral administration alone. Despite active colitis, over 40% of a topically administered 4 g @entity2 suspension (equal to 1.6 g) reached the sigmoid colon. This likely represents a therapeutic exposure of @entity2 . Although topical therapies are less convenient than oral medications, treatment algorithms have failed to take into account quality of life improvements resulting from more rapid and complete treatment response. CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity1 therapy is superior to oral therapy in distal @entity0 for both therapeutic response and drug delivery. Practice patterns should be re-evaluated in light of this information.

title: Review article: delivery and efficacy of topical XXXX ( @entity1 ) therapy in the treatment of @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of topical therapy in the treatment of @entity0 has declined in recent years despite evidence of good efficacy. AIMS: To review US prescription trends for @entity1 ( @entity2 ) since the US approval of Asacol extended-release oral @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in 1992; to estimate the optimal level of @entity2 exposure in the distal colon; to determine factors influencing distal colonic exposures; and to compare the effectiveness of different @entity2 formulations (oral, topical suspension, foam, suppositories) in clinical trials. METHODS: Review of clinical trials, physiologic studies and prescription trends of various @entity1 formulations for treatment of distal @entity0 . RESULTS: Between 1992 and 2009, prescriptions for oral @entity1 increased sixfold, whereas topical suspensions declined by 10%. In clinical trials, topical therapy resulted in higher remission and clinical response rates than oral therapy, with trends to earlier improvement. The mucosal concentrations of @entity2 achieved by topical agents in the distal colon were up to 200-fold higher than those achieved by oral administration alone. Despite active colitis, over 40% of a topically administered 4 g @entity2 suspension (equal to 1.6 g) reached the sigmoid colon. This likely represents a therapeutic exposure of @entity2 . Although topical therapies are less convenient than oral medications, treatment algorithms have failed to take into account quality of life improvements resulting from more rapid and complete treatment response. CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity1 therapy is superior to oral therapy in distal @entity0 for both therapeutic response and drug delivery. Practice patterns should be re-evaluated in light of this information.

title: Review article: delivery and efficacy of topical @entity1 ( XXXX ) therapy in the treatment of @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) may be used to deliver radiation to the @entity2 bed post-lumpectomy in eligible @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity1 and @entity2 characteristics as well as the lumpectomy technique can influence @entity1 eligibility for APBI. This report describes a lumpectomy procedure and examines @entity1 , @entity2 , and surgical characteristics from a prospective, multicenter study of electronic brachytherapy. METHODS: The study enrolled 65 @entity1 of age 45-84 years with @entity3 or @entity3 in situ, and 44 @entity1 , who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were treated with APBI using the Axxent   electronic brachytherapy system following lumpectomy. The prescription dose was 34 Gy in 10 fractions over 5 days. RESULTS: The lumpectomy technique as described herein varied by site and @entity1 characteristics. The balloon applicator was implanted by the surgeon (91%) or a radiation oncologist (9%) during or up to 61 days post-lumpectomy (mean 22 days). A lateral approach was most commonly used (59%) for insertion of the applicator followed by an incision site approach in 27% of cases, a medial approach in 5%, and an inferior approach in 7%. A trocar was used during applicator insertion in 27% of cases. Local anesthetic, sedation, both or neither were administered in 45%, 2%, 41% and 11% of cases, respectively, during applicator placement. The prescription dose was delivered in 42 of 44 treated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Early stage @entity0 can be treated with breast conserving surgery and APBI using electronic brachytherapy. Treatment was well tolerated, and these early outcomes were similar to the early outcomes with @entity4 -based balloon brachytherapy.

title: Surgical perspectives from a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter study of breast conserving surgery and adjuvant electronic brachytherapy for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The mature fruits of Aristolochia debilis, known in China by the name, "Madouling" has been popularly prescribed in Asia, particularly in China, to treat a range of conditions including gynaecological problems, @entity1 and wound healing. This study was aimed to evaluate the potential effect of Madouling on the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) isozymes in vitro in microsomal fractions and in vivo in @entity0 . The influence of Madouling on CYPs activity was first explored by an in vitro method of estimating levels of four respective metabolites in @entity0 liver microsomes. The results were re-examined in vivo in @entity0 by using a cocktail approach involving the probe drugs @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity8 and @entity4 . Pharmacokinetics of the four substrates was used to analyze the activities of the targeting isozymes. In vitro study revealed that Madouling decreased the activity of @entity6 , 3A1 and 2E1. However, no significant influence on @entity5 was found. These results coincided with those of in vivo study to a great degree except that in vivo estimation the herb didn't inhibit @entity6 significantly. From the data obtained, Madouling is suggested as a candidate for clinically signi   cant @entity2 interactions. Drug co-administrated with Madouling may need dose adjustment.

title: Inhibitory effect of Aristolochia fruit on XXXX isozymes in vitro and in vivo.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The soft tissue around dental implants forms a barrier between the oral environment and the peri-implant bone and a crucial factor for long-term success of therapy is development of a good abutment/soft-tissue seal. Sol-gel derived nanoporous @entity3 coatings have been shown to enhance soft-tissue attachment but their effect on adhesion and biofilm formation by oral bacteria is unknown. METHODS: We have investigated how the properties of surfaces that may be used on abutments: turned @entity1 , sol-gel nanoporous @entity3 coated surfaces and anodized @entity0 modified surfaces, affect biofilm formation by two early colonizers of the oral cavity: @entity2 sanguinis and Actinomyces naeslundii. The bacteria were detected using 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization together with confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: Interferometry and atomic force microscopy revealed all the surfaces to be smooth (Sa <=0.22  m). Incubation with a consortium of @entity2 and A. naeslundii showed no differences in adhesion between the surfaces over 2 hours. After 14 hours, the level of biofilm growth was low and again, no differences between the surfaces were seen. The presence of saliva increased the biofilm biovolume of @entity2 and A. naeslundii ten-fold compared to when saliva was absent and this was due to increased adhesion rather than biofilm growth. CONCLUSIONS: Nano-topographical modification of smooth @entity1 surfaces had no effect on adhesion or early biofilm formation by @entity2 and A. naeslundii as compared to turned surfaces or those treated with anodic oxidation in the presence of @entity0 . The presence of saliva led to a significantly greater biofilm biovolume but no significant differences were seen between the test surfaces. These data thus suggest that modification with sol-gel derived nanoporous @entity3 , which has been shown to improve osseointegration and soft-tissue healing in vivo, does not cause greater biofilm formation by the two oral commensal species tested than the other surfaces.

title: Effect of nanoporous @entity3 coating and anodized XXXX modification of @entity1 surfaces on early microbial biofilm formation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The soft tissue around dental implants forms a barrier between the oral environment and the peri-implant bone and a crucial factor for long-term success of therapy is development of a good abutment/soft-tissue seal. Sol-gel derived nanoporous @entity3 coatings have been shown to enhance soft-tissue attachment but their effect on adhesion and biofilm formation by oral bacteria is unknown. METHODS: We have investigated how the properties of surfaces that may be used on abutments: turned @entity1 , sol-gel nanoporous @entity3 coated surfaces and anodized @entity0 modified surfaces, affect biofilm formation by two early colonizers of the oral cavity: @entity2 sanguinis and Actinomyces naeslundii. The bacteria were detected using 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization together with confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: Interferometry and atomic force microscopy revealed all the surfaces to be smooth (Sa <=0.22  m). Incubation with a consortium of @entity2 and A. naeslundii showed no differences in adhesion between the surfaces over 2 hours. After 14 hours, the level of biofilm growth was low and again, no differences between the surfaces were seen. The presence of saliva increased the biofilm biovolume of @entity2 and A. naeslundii ten-fold compared to when saliva was absent and this was due to increased adhesion rather than biofilm growth. CONCLUSIONS: Nano-topographical modification of smooth @entity1 surfaces had no effect on adhesion or early biofilm formation by @entity2 and A. naeslundii as compared to turned surfaces or those treated with anodic oxidation in the presence of @entity0 . The presence of saliva led to a significantly greater biofilm biovolume but no significant differences were seen between the test surfaces. These data thus suggest that modification with sol-gel derived nanoporous @entity3 , which has been shown to improve osseointegration and soft-tissue healing in vivo, does not cause greater biofilm formation by the two oral commensal species tested than the other surfaces.

title: Effect of nanoporous @entity3 coating and anodized @entity0 modification of XXXX surfaces on early microbial biofilm formation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The soft tissue around dental implants forms a barrier between the oral environment and the peri-implant bone and a crucial factor for long-term success of therapy is development of a good abutment/soft-tissue seal. Sol-gel derived nanoporous @entity3 coatings have been shown to enhance soft-tissue attachment but their effect on adhesion and biofilm formation by oral bacteria is unknown. METHODS: We have investigated how the properties of surfaces that may be used on abutments: turned @entity1 , sol-gel nanoporous @entity3 coated surfaces and anodized @entity0 modified surfaces, affect biofilm formation by two early colonizers of the oral cavity: @entity2 sanguinis and Actinomyces naeslundii. The bacteria were detected using 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization together with confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: Interferometry and atomic force microscopy revealed all the surfaces to be smooth (Sa <=0.22  m). Incubation with a consortium of @entity2 and A. naeslundii showed no differences in adhesion between the surfaces over 2 hours. After 14 hours, the level of biofilm growth was low and again, no differences between the surfaces were seen. The presence of saliva increased the biofilm biovolume of @entity2 and A. naeslundii ten-fold compared to when saliva was absent and this was due to increased adhesion rather than biofilm growth. CONCLUSIONS: Nano-topographical modification of smooth @entity1 surfaces had no effect on adhesion or early biofilm formation by @entity2 and A. naeslundii as compared to turned surfaces or those treated with anodic oxidation in the presence of @entity0 . The presence of saliva led to a significantly greater biofilm biovolume but no significant differences were seen between the test surfaces. These data thus suggest that modification with sol-gel derived nanoporous @entity3 , which has been shown to improve osseointegration and soft-tissue healing in vivo, does not cause greater biofilm formation by the two oral commensal species tested than the other surfaces.

title: Effect of nanoporous XXXX coating and anodized @entity0 modification of @entity1 surfaces on early microbial biofilm formation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To investigate the feasibility of milk @entity4 as predictors of onset of luteal activity (OLA), 87 lactations taken from 73 healthy Norwegian Red @entity0 were surveyed over 2 winter housing seasons. The feasibility of using frozen milk samples for dry-film Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) determination of milk samples was also tested. Morning milk samples were collected thrice weekly (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) for the first 10 wk in milk (WIM). These samples had @entity5 ( @entity5 ) added to them before being frozen at -20  C, thawed, and analyzed by ELISA to determine @entity3 concentration and the concentrations of the milk @entity4 C4:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, and cis-9 C18:1 as a proportion of total milk @entity1 content using dry-film FTIR, and averaged by WIM. Onset of luteal activity was defined as the first day that milk @entity3 concentrations were >3 ng/mL for 2 successive measurements; the study population was categorized as early (n = 47) or late (n = 40) OLA, using the median value of 21 DIM as the cutoff. Further milk samples were collected 6 times weekly, from morning and afternoon milkings, these were pooled by WIM, and one proportional sample was analyzed fresh for fat, protein, and @entity2 content by the dairy company Tine SA, using traditional FTIR spectrography in the wet phase of milk. Daily energy-balance calculations were performed in 42 lactations and averaged by WIM. Animals experiencing late OLA had a more negative energy balance in WIM 1, 3, 4, and 5, with the greatest differences been seen in WIM 3 and 4. A higher proportion of the @entity4 were medium chained, C14:0 and C16:0, in the early than in the late OLA group from WIM 1. In WIM 4, the proportion of total @entity1 content that was C16:0 predicted late OLA, with 74% sensitivity and 80% specificity. The long-chain proportion of the @entity4 @entity6 and cis-9 C18:1 were lower in the early than in the late OLA group. Differences were greatest in WIM 4 and 5. Differences in concentrations of cis-9 C18:1 were seen between the groups from WIM 1. No relationship was seen between OLA and milk concentrations of either protein or fat, or between OLA and the milk fat:protein ratio. The differences in milk @entity1 proportions between the 2 groups are most likely related to differences in energy balance. The study shows that frozen milk samples can be tested for @entity4 by FTIR spectroscopy and that FTIR spectroscopy of milk can be used to provide real-time information about @entity0 reproductive function.

title: The relationship between XXXX profiles in milk identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and onset of luteal activity in Norwegian dairy @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To investigate the feasibility of milk @entity4 as predictors of onset of luteal activity (OLA), 87 lactations taken from 73 healthy Norwegian Red @entity0 were surveyed over 2 winter housing seasons. The feasibility of using frozen milk samples for dry-film Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) determination of milk samples was also tested. Morning milk samples were collected thrice weekly (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) for the first 10 wk in milk (WIM). These samples had @entity5 ( @entity5 ) added to them before being frozen at -20  C, thawed, and analyzed by ELISA to determine @entity3 concentration and the concentrations of the milk @entity4 C4:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, and cis-9 C18:1 as a proportion of total milk @entity1 content using dry-film FTIR, and averaged by WIM. Onset of luteal activity was defined as the first day that milk @entity3 concentrations were >3 ng/mL for 2 successive measurements; the study population was categorized as early (n = 47) or late (n = 40) OLA, using the median value of 21 DIM as the cutoff. Further milk samples were collected 6 times weekly, from morning and afternoon milkings, these were pooled by WIM, and one proportional sample was analyzed fresh for fat, protein, and @entity2 content by the dairy company Tine SA, using traditional FTIR spectrography in the wet phase of milk. Daily energy-balance calculations were performed in 42 lactations and averaged by WIM. Animals experiencing late OLA had a more negative energy balance in WIM 1, 3, 4, and 5, with the greatest differences been seen in WIM 3 and 4. A higher proportion of the @entity4 were medium chained, C14:0 and C16:0, in the early than in the late OLA group from WIM 1. In WIM 4, the proportion of total @entity1 content that was C16:0 predicted late OLA, with 74% sensitivity and 80% specificity. The long-chain proportion of the @entity4 @entity6 and cis-9 C18:1 were lower in the early than in the late OLA group. Differences were greatest in WIM 4 and 5. Differences in concentrations of cis-9 C18:1 were seen between the groups from WIM 1. No relationship was seen between OLA and milk concentrations of either protein or fat, or between OLA and the milk fat:protein ratio. The differences in milk @entity1 proportions between the 2 groups are most likely related to differences in energy balance. The study shows that frozen milk samples can be tested for @entity4 by FTIR spectroscopy and that FTIR spectroscopy of milk can be used to provide real-time information about @entity0 reproductive function.

title: The relationship between @entity1 profiles in milk identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and onset of luteal activity in Norwegian dairy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Transcutaneous immunization (TI) has many practical merits compared to parenteral routes of administration. In the present study, non ionic surfactant vesicular carrier, i.e. niosomes, was evaluated for topical delivery of vaccines using @entity3 surface protein as an antigen and cholera toxin B as an adjuvant. Niosomes were characterized for size, shape, entrapment efficiency and in process antigen stability. In vitro permeation and skin deposition studies of antigen were performed using @entity0 cadaver skin. Skin penetration efficiency of niosomes was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The immune stimulating activity of these vesicles was studied by measuring the serum IgG titer, isotype ratio @entity5 / @entity4 and mucosal immune responses following transcutaneous immunization in Balb/c @entity1 and results were compared with the alum adsorbed HBsAg given intramuscularly and topically administered plain HBsAg solution. The result shows that optimal niosomal formulation could entrap 58.11    0.71 of antigen with vesicle size range of 2.83    0.29  m. Serum IgG titers after three consecutive topical administrations were significantly better than single administration of hepatitis antigen with niosomal system, suggesting an effective stimulation of serum immune response; higher @entity4 / @entity5 ratio revealed CTB mixed niosomes elicit both @entity2 and Th2 responses. This study suggests that topical immunization with cholera toxin B is potential adjuvant for cutaneous immune responses when coadministered with the HBsAg encapsulated niosomes. Results also suggest that the investigated niosomes systems can be effective as topical delivery of vaccines.

title: Non-ionic surfactant vesicles mediated transcutaneous immunization against XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cytoplasmic poly(A) binding protein  4 ( @entity1 ) is an RNA-processing protein which has an important role in regulating gene expression. The association of the @entity1 @entity2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and serum lipid profiles has, to the best of our knowledge, not previously been studied in the Chinese population. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the @entity1 @entity2 SNP and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Mulao and Han populations. A total of 727 individuals of Mulao nationality and 729 individuals of Han nationality were randomly selected from stratified randomized samples from a previous study by our group. Genotypes of the @entity1 @entity2 SNP were determined via polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses and subsequently confirmed by direct sequencing. Serum levels of low-density lipoprotein @entity0 (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo)  B were higher in the Mulao group than those in the Han group (P<0.01 for each). The genotypic and allelic frequencies of the @entity1 @entity2 SNP were significantly different between males and females in the Mulao population (P<0.05 for each), while no significant difference was detected between those of males and females amongst the Han population. The frequency of the G  allele was higher in Mulao males than in Mulao females (22.12 vs. 13.44%). The G  allele carriers were found to have higher total @entity0 (TC), high-density lipoprotein @entity0 (HDL-C) and ApoAI levels in Han females but not in Han males, and lower TC and HDL-C levels in Mulao females but not in Mulao males than those of the G  allele non-carriers (P<0.05 for all). These associations were confirmed by multiple linear regression analysis (P<0.05  -0.001). Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with multiple environmental factors (P<0.05  -0.001). The @entity1 @entity2 SNP was associated with serum TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and ApoAI levels in these study populations; however, the association varied between the Mulao and Han populations. A gender-specific association was identified in the populations of the two ethnic groups.

title: Gender-specific association between the cytoplasmic poly(A) binding protein 4 XXXX single nucleotide polymorphism and serum lipid levels.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mitigation of landfill gas (LFG) is among the critical aspects considered in the design of a landfill cover in order to prevent atmospheric pollution and control global warming. In general, landfill cover soils can partially remove @entity1 ( @entity2 ) through microbial oxidation carried out by methanotrophic bacteria present within them. The oxidizing capacity of these landfill cover soils may be improved by adding organic materials, such as biochar, which increase adsorption and promote subsequent or simultaneous oxidation of @entity2 . In this study, seven wood-derived biochars and granular activated @entity0 (GAC) were characterized for their @entity2 adsorption capacity by conducting batch and small-scale column studies. The effects of influential factors, such as exposed @entity2 concentration, moisture content and temperature on @entity2 adsorption onto biochars, were determined. The @entity2 transport was modeled using a 1-D advection-dispersion equation that accounted for sorption. The effects of LFG inflow rates and moisture content on the combined adsorption and transport properties of biochars were determined. The maximum @entity2 adsorption capacity of GAC (3.21mol/kg) was significantly higher than that of the biochars (0.05-0.9mol/kg). The @entity2 gas dispersion coefficients for all of the biochars ranged from 1*10(-3) to 3*10(-3)m(2)s(-1). The presence of moisture significantly suppressed the extent of @entity1 adsorption onto the biochars and caused the @entity1 to break through within shorter periods of time. Overall, certain biochar types have a high potential to enhance @entity2 adsorption and transport properties when used as a cover material in landfills. However, field-scale studies need to be conducted in order to evaluate the performance of biochar-based cover system under a more dynamic field condition that captures the effect of seasonal and temporal changes.

title: Adsorption and transport of XXXX in biochars derived from waste wood.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid is a common, yet controversial, therapeutic option for @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity2 ). The purpose of this research was to determine the safety and efficacy of US-approved viscosupplements for symptomatic knee @entity2 . METHODS: We searched MedLine and EMBase for randomized, sham-controlled trials evaluating safety and/or clinical efficacy of US-approved viscosupplements in @entity0 with symptomatic knee @entity2 . Knee @entity1 severity and knee joint function were assessed at 4 to 13 weeks and 14 to 26 weeks. Safety outcomes included serious adverse events, treatment-related serious adverse events, @entity0 withdrawal, and adverse event-related @entity0 withdrawal occurring at any time during follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 29 studies representing 4,866 unique @entity0 (active: 2,673, control: 2,193) were included. All sham-controlled trials used saline injections as a control. Viscosupplementation resulted in very large treatment effects between 4 and 26 weeks for knee @entity1 and function compared to preinjection values, with standardized mean difference values ranging from 1.07 to 1.37 (all P<0.001). Compared to controls, standardized mean difference with viscosupplementation ranged from 0.38 to 0.43 for knee @entity1 and 0.32 to 0.34 for knee function (all P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between viscosupplementation and controls for any safety outcome, with absolute risk differences of 0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.2 to 1.5%) for serious adverse events, 0% (95% CI: -0.4 to 0.4%) for treatment-related serious adverse events, 0% (95% CI: -1.6 to 1.6%) for @entity0 withdrawal, and 0.2% (95% CI: -0.4 to 0.8%) for adverse event-related @entity0 withdrawal. CONCLUSION: Intra-articular injection of US-approved viscosupplements is safe and efficacious through 26 weeks in @entity0 with symptomatic knee @entity2 .

title: Safety and efficacy of US-approved viscosupplements for XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, saline-controlled trials.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Microglia, the resident immune cells of the @entity1 , are highly responsive to tissue injury. Following cell damage, microglial processes redirect their motility from randomly scouting the extracellular space to specifically reaching toward the compromised tissue. While the cell morphology aspects of this defense mechanism have been characterized, the intracellular events underlying these responses remain largely unknown. Specifically, the role of intracellular @entity2 dynamics has not been systematically investigated in acutely activated microglia due to technical difficulty. Here we used live two-photon imaging of the @entity0 cortex ubiquitously expressing the genetically encoded @entity2 indicator GCaMP5G and fluorescent marker tdTomato in central nervous system microglia. We found that spontaneous @entity2 transients in microglial somas and processes were generally low (only 4% of all microglia showing transients within 20 min), but baseline activity increased about 8-fold when the animals were treated with @entity3 12 h before imaging. When challenged with focal laser injury, an additional surge in @entity2 activity was observed in the somas and protruding processes. Notably, coherent and simultaneous @entity2 rises in multiple microglial cells were occasionally detected in @entity3 -treated animals. We show that @entity2 transients were pre-dominantly mediated via purinergic receptors. This work demonstrates the usefulness of genetically encoded @entity2 indicators for investigation of microglial physiology.

title: Intracellular calcium dynamics in cortical microglia responding to focal laser injury in the PC::G5-tdT reporter XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The impact of treatment delays on survival of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is uncertain. Although later treatment could negatively affect psychological well-being, the maximum acceptable waiting time has not been determined. METHODS: We analyzed consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 between January 2005 and May 2007 in our center. Treatment delay was calculated from the first abnormal radiographic study. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to identify predictive factors and log-rank tests to compare survival. RESULTS: Four hundred ninety-five cases were identified; shorter treatment delays were associated with a poor prognosis. Conversely, for every week that the treatment could be delayed, the hazard ratio was improved at 0.97 (p = 0.05). Standard treatment was given to 319 of these @entity0 who were separated in localized, regional, and advanced stages. The median treatment delay was 73 days and distributed as follows: 85, 94, and 50 days for localized, regional, and advanced stages, respectively (p < 0.01). For localized or regional stages, the association between treatment delay and survival was inconclusive. In the advanced group, each week of treatment delay had a hazard ratio of 0.93 (p = 0.009). Survival of advanced @entity0 who began treatment earlier versus later than the group median was 6.8 versus 11.6 months (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity0 with advanced @entity1 receiving equivalent chemotherapy regimens, shorter treatment delays were associated with shorter survival. We hypothesize that urgent treatment carried a negative prognostic meaning, as this was preferentially offered to @entity0 presenting with a higher symptom burden, which conferred them a worse outcome.

title: Treatment delays in XXXX and their prognostic implications.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severity-adjusted mortality is an unequivocal measure of burn care success. Hospitals can be compared on this metric using administrative data because information required for calculating statistically adjusted risk of mortality is routinely collected on hospital admission. METHODS: The New York State Department of Health provided information on all 13,113 thermally injured @entity0 hospitalized at 1 of 194 hospitals between 2004 and 2008. We compared hospital survival rates using a random effects logistic model of mortality that incorporated age and several predictors that were present on admission and captured as International Classification of Diseases-9 codes: burn surface area, @entity1 , three measures of physiologic compromise, and four medical comorbidities. Hospitals were compared on the adjusted odds of @entity2 and the number of excess @entity2 . RESULTS: Overall mortality was 3.2%. Nine high-volume hospitals (>100 @entity0 /year) cared for 83% of @entity0 with @entity1 . Overall variability of the odds of mortality among these high-volume centers was modest (median odds ratio=1.2) and we found little evidence for differences in the adjusted odds of mortality. A secondary analysis of the 185 low-volume hospitals that cared for 2,235 @entity0 disclosed only 24 @entity2 . When examined in aggregate, these hospitals had better than predicted risk-adjusted mortality; a logical explanation is judicious case selection. CONCLUSIONS: Administrative hospital discharge data are extensive and comparably enough collected to allow comparison of the performance of burn centers. Risk-adjusted models show that @entity0 have statistically indistinguishable risk-adjusted odds of mortality regardless of which hospital in New York State cared for them.

title: Comparison of hospital mortality rates after XXXX in New York State: a risk-adjusted population-based observational study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the QEEG of adolescents affected by @entity1 with age and gender matched healthy controls, and to extract the characteristics of the alpha frequency band to better understand this disorder. METHODS: Twenty one adolescents affected by acute episodes of @entity1 ( @entity4 II), both hypomanic and @entity2 , were selected via convenience sampling based on DSM IV criteria and @entity0 and adolescent psychiatrist diagnosis. Eleven @entity0 were going through a hypomanic episode and 10 @entity0 were going through a @entity2 episode. Of the @entity0 , 18 who were matched with the @entity0 group participated in this study as a normal group. Any major comorbidities and @entity3 were excluded through applying K-SADS-PL and Raven's IQ test for all the @entity0 and the healthy @entity0 . Electroencephalogram signals were obtained according to 10-20 international system by 21 electrodes from @entity0 in open and closed eyes in a resting state. We selected 40 seconds length segments from each recorded EEG signals that had minimal noise and artifacts. Power spectrum density (PSD) was estimated for each segment and extracted alpha band frequency. We used only referential (unipolar) montage for comparison. Eventually, data were analyzed by independent Mann-Whitney test and independent t test. RESULTS: We observed significant differences in the alpha frequency band in some brain regions. Alpha power increased in the fronto-central region and right parietal lobe in the @entity0 (P < 0.05). In the @entity0 with @entity4 II, entropy of alpha oscillations was larger than the normal @entity0 in the central region and in the F3, F4 and P4 channels. Also, there were differences in the variance of alpha oscillations in these regions between the two groups (P < 0.05). In the occipital lobe, alpha wave had different skewness between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Thalamus as a generator and modulator of at least a part of alpha oscillations may be involved in this disorder and hence this explains the major symptoms like distractibility and inattention in both hypomanic and @entity2 of @entity1 .

title: Characteristics of Alpha Band Frequency in Adolescents with XXXX : A Resting-State QEEG Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The estimated prevalence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 less than 18 years of age is 6 per 1000. Roughly 50% of cases of congenital @entity2 can be linked to a genetic cause, with approximately 30% being syndromic and the remaining 70% being non-syndromic. The term "syndromic" implies the presence of other distinctive clinical features in addition to @entity1 . The aim of our study was to find the distribution of various Syndromic associations in @entity0 with profound @entity3 , presented at Madras ENT Research foundation, Chennai and to formulate a management protocol for these @entity0 and to discuss in detail about the clinical features of commonly encountered @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our retrospective study was aimed at describing the various Syndromic associations seen in @entity0 with congenital profound @entity3 . Information was collected from the medical records. At our centre all @entity0 undergo a comprehensive evaluation. The distribution, etiological factors and management protocol for various syndromes are here presented. RESULTS: Out of 700 @entity0 with congenital profound @entity3 all @entity0 with Syndromic associations (n  =  35) were studied. 5% of profoundly deaf candidates were found to be syndromic. Most common syndrome in our series was found to be @entity4 followed by Jervell and @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity3 is an associated feature of many syndromes. Detailed history taking with comprehensive evaluation is mandatory to rule out the associated syndromes. Diagnosis must be confirm by a genetic study. Multidisciplinary approach is essential for appropriate diagnosis and management.

title: XXXX -prevalence, distribution and hearing management protocol in Indian scenario.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In metazoan development, the precise mechanisms that regulate the completion of morphogenesis according to a developmental timetable remain elusive. The @entity0 male terminalia is an asymmetric looping organ; the internal @entity2 (spermiduct) loops dextrally around the hindgut. Mutants for apoptotic signaling have an orientation defect of their male terminalia, indicating that apoptosis contributes to the looping morphogenesis. However, the physiological roles of apoptosis in the looping morphogenesis of male terminalia have been unclear. Here, we show the role of apoptosis in the organogenesis of male terminalia using time-lapse imaging. In normal flies, @entity1 accelerated as development proceeded, and completed a full 360   rotation. This acceleration was impaired when the activity of caspases or @entity3 or PVF/PVR signaling was reduced. Acceleration was induced by two distinct subcompartments of the A8 segment that formed a ring shape and surrounded the male @entity2 : the inner ring rotated with the @entity2 and the outer ring rotated later, functioning as a 'moving walkway' to accelerate the inner @entity1 . A quantitative analysis combining the use of a FRET-based indicator for caspase activation with single-cell tracking showed that the timing and degree of apoptosis correlated with the movement of the outer ring, and upregulation of the apoptotic signal increased the speed of @entity1 . Therefore, apoptosis coordinates the outer ring movement that drives the acceleration of @entity1 , thereby enabling the complete morphogenesis of male @entity2 within a limited developmental time frame.

title: Apoptosis controls the speed of looping morphogenesis in XXXX male terminalia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is characterized pathologically by structural changes in the airway, termed airway remodeling. These changes are associated with worse long-term clinical outcomes and have been attributed to @entity1 . In vitro studies indicate, however, that the compressive mechanical forces that arise during bronchoconstriction may induce remodeling independently of @entity1 . We evaluated the influence of repeated experimentally induced bronchoconstriction on airway structural changes in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: We randomly assigned 48 subjects with @entity2 to one of four inhalation challenge protocols involving a series of three challenges with one type of inhaled agent presented at 48-hour intervals. The two active challenges were with either a dust-mite allergen (which causes bronchoconstriction and @entity1 ) or @entity3 (which causes bronchoconstriction without @entity1 ); the two control challenges (neither of which causes bronchoconstriction) were either saline alone or @entity4 followed by @entity3 (to control for nonbronchoconstrictor effects of @entity3 ). Bronchial-biopsy specimens were obtained before and 4 days after completion of the challenges. RESULTS: Allergen and @entity3 immediately induced similar levels of bronchoconstriction. Eosinophilic @entity1 of the airways increased only in the allergen group, whereas both the allergen and the @entity3 groups had significant airway remodeling not seen in the two control groups. Subepithelial collagen-band thickness increased by a median of 2.17  m in the allergen group (interquartile range [IQR], 0.70 to 3.67) and 1.94  m in the @entity3 group (IQR, 0.37 to 3.24) (P<0.001 for the comparison of the two challenge groups with the two control groups); periodic acid-Schiff staining of epithelium (mucus glands) also increased, by a median of 2.17 percentage points in the allergen group (IQR, 1.03 to 4.77) and 2.13 percentage points in the @entity3 group (IQR, 1.14 to 7.96) (P=0.003 for the comparison with controls). There were no significant differences between the allergen and @entity3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Bronchoconstriction without additional @entity1 induces airway remodeling in @entity0 with @entity2 . These findings have potential implications for management.

title: Effect of bronchoconstriction on airway remodeling in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We have evaluated the possible underlying mechanisms of immobilization @entity4 ( @entity4 ) by behavioral cross-tolerance studies and molecular studies. In the behavioral studies, the cross-tolerance between single or repeated immobilization @entity4 and the antinociceptive effects of b-endorphin, @entity3 , @entity2 ( @entity2 ), or @entity5 were assessed. Both single and repeated ( 7) immobilization stress significantly attenuated the b-endorphin and @entity2 -induced antinociception in the 2nd phase of @entity1 response, respectively. However, these cross-tolerances disappeared in prolonged repetition of the stress ( 14). Neither single nor repeated ( 7 and  14) immobilization stress affected the antinociceptive effect of @entity3 or @entity5 at all. We also found that immobilization stress activated hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin ( @entity6 ) gene and b-endorphin expression. Since, it has potent inhibitory activity on the noxious stimuli-induced @entity6 expression, immobilization stress seemed to dissipate the @entity6 gene expression process. Meanwhile, we did not find any changes in the opioid receptors' (mu-, delta- and kappa-receptor) and the cannabinoid receptors' ( @entity7 and @entity8 ) expressions in the midbrain regions elicited by single or repeated stress. These results suggested that a single immobilization stress activates the descending @entity0 modulatory system, which is mainly mediated through endorphinergic and serotonergic activation. Moreover, the tolerance of @entity4 induced by repeated stresses may be due to the prolonged activation of these systems induced by repeated immobilization.

title: Differential cross-tolerance development between single and repeated immobilization stress on the antinociceptive effect induced by b-endorphin, XXXX , @entity3 , and @entity5 in the inflammatory mouse @entity0 mode.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We have evaluated the possible underlying mechanisms of immobilization @entity4 ( @entity4 ) by behavioral cross-tolerance studies and molecular studies. In the behavioral studies, the cross-tolerance between single or repeated immobilization @entity4 and the antinociceptive effects of b-endorphin, @entity3 , @entity2 ( @entity2 ), or @entity5 were assessed. Both single and repeated ( 7) immobilization stress significantly attenuated the b-endorphin and @entity2 -induced antinociception in the 2nd phase of @entity1 response, respectively. However, these cross-tolerances disappeared in prolonged repetition of the stress ( 14). Neither single nor repeated ( 7 and  14) immobilization stress affected the antinociceptive effect of @entity3 or @entity5 at all. We also found that immobilization stress activated hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin ( @entity6 ) gene and b-endorphin expression. Since, it has potent inhibitory activity on the noxious stimuli-induced @entity6 expression, immobilization stress seemed to dissipate the @entity6 gene expression process. Meanwhile, we did not find any changes in the opioid receptors' (mu-, delta- and kappa-receptor) and the cannabinoid receptors' ( @entity7 and @entity8 ) expressions in the midbrain regions elicited by single or repeated stress. These results suggested that a single immobilization stress activates the descending @entity0 modulatory system, which is mainly mediated through endorphinergic and serotonergic activation. Moreover, the tolerance of @entity4 induced by repeated stresses may be due to the prolonged activation of these systems induced by repeated immobilization.

title: Differential cross-tolerance development between single and repeated immobilization stress on the antinociceptive effect induced by b-endorphin, @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity5 in the inflammatory mouse XXXX mode.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have evaluated the possible underlying mechanisms of immobilization @entity4 ( @entity4 ) by behavioral cross-tolerance studies and molecular studies. In the behavioral studies, the cross-tolerance between single or repeated immobilization @entity4 and the antinociceptive effects of b-endorphin, @entity3 , @entity2 ( @entity2 ), or @entity5 were assessed. Both single and repeated ( 7) immobilization stress significantly attenuated the b-endorphin and @entity2 -induced antinociception in the 2nd phase of @entity1 response, respectively. However, these cross-tolerances disappeared in prolonged repetition of the stress ( 14). Neither single nor repeated ( 7 and  14) immobilization stress affected the antinociceptive effect of @entity3 or @entity5 at all. We also found that immobilization stress activated hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin ( @entity6 ) gene and b-endorphin expression. Since, it has potent inhibitory activity on the noxious stimuli-induced @entity6 expression, immobilization stress seemed to dissipate the @entity6 gene expression process. Meanwhile, we did not find any changes in the opioid receptors' (mu-, delta- and kappa-receptor) and the cannabinoid receptors' ( @entity7 and @entity8 ) expressions in the midbrain regions elicited by single or repeated stress. These results suggested that a single immobilization stress activates the descending @entity0 modulatory system, which is mainly mediated through endorphinergic and serotonergic activation. Moreover, the tolerance of @entity4 induced by repeated stresses may be due to the prolonged activation of these systems induced by repeated immobilization.

title: Differential cross-tolerance development between single and repeated immobilization stress on the antinociceptive effect induced by b-endorphin, @entity2 , XXXX , and @entity5 in the inflammatory mouse @entity0 mode.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have evaluated the possible underlying mechanisms of immobilization @entity4 ( @entity4 ) by behavioral cross-tolerance studies and molecular studies. In the behavioral studies, the cross-tolerance between single or repeated immobilization @entity4 and the antinociceptive effects of b-endorphin, @entity3 , @entity2 ( @entity2 ), or @entity5 were assessed. Both single and repeated ( 7) immobilization stress significantly attenuated the b-endorphin and @entity2 -induced antinociception in the 2nd phase of @entity1 response, respectively. However, these cross-tolerances disappeared in prolonged repetition of the stress ( 14). Neither single nor repeated ( 7 and  14) immobilization stress affected the antinociceptive effect of @entity3 or @entity5 at all. We also found that immobilization stress activated hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin ( @entity6 ) gene and b-endorphin expression. Since, it has potent inhibitory activity on the noxious stimuli-induced @entity6 expression, immobilization stress seemed to dissipate the @entity6 gene expression process. Meanwhile, we did not find any changes in the opioid receptors' (mu-, delta- and kappa-receptor) and the cannabinoid receptors' ( @entity7 and @entity8 ) expressions in the midbrain regions elicited by single or repeated stress. These results suggested that a single immobilization stress activates the descending @entity0 modulatory system, which is mainly mediated through endorphinergic and serotonergic activation. Moreover, the tolerance of @entity4 induced by repeated stresses may be due to the prolonged activation of these systems induced by repeated immobilization.

title: Differential cross-tolerance development between single and repeated immobilization stress on the antinociceptive effect induced by b-endorphin, @entity2 , @entity3 , and XXXX in the inflammatory mouse @entity0 mode.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a @entity0 characterized by aberrant proliferation of myofibroblasts, the source of which remains unknown. Recent studies indicate that circulating and tissue-resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into myofibroblasts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to profile MSCs from phenotypically distinct @entity3 sites including cord, nodule, skin overlying nodule (SON), and perinodular fat (PNF) compared with unaffected internal controls, that is, distant palmar fat (DPF) and transverse palmar fascia (Skoog's fibers) as well as external control @entity2 ( @entity2 ) tissue including skin, fat, and fascia. Freshly isolated primary fibroblasts as well as cells grown up to passage 5 (P5) from @entity3 (n=27) and @entity2 (n=14) samples were analyzed for the presence of established MSC markers @entity7 , @entity5 , and CD105 and absence of hematopoietic marker @entity4 using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, in-cell quantitative western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry. Freshly isolated cells from SON, PNF, and cord biopsies had a higher number of @entity4 (-)73(+)90(+)105(+) cells compared with Skoog's fibers and @entity2 controls. P3 cells obtained from all @entity3 biopsies compared with @entity2 samples differentiated into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. P3 cord and nodule cells expressed intense a-smooth muscle actin staining compared with skin and fat cells. Stem cell markers including stem cell factor, MSC-homing marker @entity1 , and Wnt/b-catenin downregulator @entity6 were all upregulated in SON and PNF compared with @entity2 skin and @entity2 fat, respectively, as shown by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. However, osteogenic marker @entity8 had a significantly higher expression in the PNF (P=0.002) and cord (P=0.01) compared with the nodule. In conclusion, we have shown the presence of MSCs in specific @entity3 tissue phenotypes compared with internal and external control tissue. These findings provide preliminary support for a potential alternative source of disease myofibroblasts originating from sites such as SON and PNF as opposed to palmar fascia alone.

title: Identification of mesenchymal stem cells in perinodular fat and skin in XXXX : a potential source of myofibroblasts with implications for pathogenesis and therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Grade II and III @entity3 have higher rates of @entity1 recurrence than grade I @entity3 after surgery and/or external irradiation. As the utility of noninvasive treatments for @entity2 increases, it is becoming increasingly important to assess the likelihood that a @entity1 is not benign before treatment initiation. Hence, the authors have reviewed a large series of their @entity0 to determine risk factors for higher-grade pathology, with particular interest paid to @entity1 location. METHODS: The authors reviewed 378 @entity0 presenting at their institution from 2000 to 2007 with histologically confirmed @entity3 , central pathology grading according to the World Health Organization 2000 guidelines, and @entity1 location confirmed with preoperative imaging. They performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression on potential risk factors for high-grade pathology. RESULTS: Risk factors for grade II/III pathology included nonskull base location (2-fold) and male sex (2-fold). @entity0 with prior surgery had a 3-fold increased incidence of higher-grade @entity3 at presentation at the authors' center. The authors controlled for this referral bias by performing a multivariate regression, and analysis without @entity0 receiving prior treatment. Ninety-seven percent of operations were performed for @entity1 size and clinical symptoms, whereas <3% were performed for interval growth or features concerning higher-grade pathology. CONCLUSIONS: Nonskull-base @entity3 , male sex, and prior surgery impart increased risk for grade II or III pathology. This increased risk translates to probable poorer prognosis and increased likelihood of recurrence after treatment. Thus, it is prudent to take these specific variables into consideration in conjunction with the complete clinical presentation when advising @entity0 regarding their prognosis.

title: Anatomic location is a risk factor for atypical and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: An ectopic origin of the coronary artery from the aorta beyond the sinotubular junction, a condition commonly referred to as 'coronary artery high take-off', has been described in @entity0 and C57BL/6 @entity1 . The present paper reports this congenital @entity4 in the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Hearts from 14 individuals, aged 53-350 days, were examined by means of a corrosion-cast technique, scanning electron microscopy or histological and immunohistochemical techniques. In 11 hamsters, the right coronary artery was the ectopic vessel. In the other three animals there was a solitary coronary ostium in the aorta. In all cases, the ectopic coronary artery originated at an acute angle and a valve-like ridge was in front of the coronary artery ostium. The ectopic arteries examined microscopically showed an intramural trajectory within the aortic wall. In the hearts with a solitary ostium in the aorta, the left main coronary artery coursed between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. In @entity0 , all of these anomalous conditions place the individual at risk of @entity2 and @entity5 . However, none of the affected hamsters had clinical signs of disease. Intimal thickenings of increasing size with age were present in the intramural coronary artery segment of eight hamsters aged 106 days or older, examined histologically. The present findings fit with the notion that coronary arteries with acute angle take-off and an intramural course are subjected to unusual wear and tear, leading to tissue changes in the vessel wall.

title: Ectopic origin of coronary arteries from the aorta in XXXX ( @entity3 ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: An ectopic origin of the coronary artery from the aorta beyond the sinotubular junction, a condition commonly referred to as 'coronary artery high take-off', has been described in @entity0 and C57BL/6 @entity1 . The present paper reports this congenital @entity4 in the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Hearts from 14 individuals, aged 53-350 days, were examined by means of a corrosion-cast technique, scanning electron microscopy or histological and immunohistochemical techniques. In 11 hamsters, the right coronary artery was the ectopic vessel. In the other three animals there was a solitary coronary ostium in the aorta. In all cases, the ectopic coronary artery originated at an acute angle and a valve-like ridge was in front of the coronary artery ostium. The ectopic arteries examined microscopically showed an intramural trajectory within the aortic wall. In the hearts with a solitary ostium in the aorta, the left main coronary artery coursed between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. In @entity0 , all of these anomalous conditions place the individual at risk of @entity2 and @entity5 . However, none of the affected hamsters had clinical signs of disease. Intimal thickenings of increasing size with age were present in the intramural coronary artery segment of eight hamsters aged 106 days or older, examined histologically. The present findings fit with the notion that coronary arteries with acute angle take-off and an intramural course are subjected to unusual wear and tear, leading to tissue changes in the vessel wall.

title: Ectopic origin of coronary arteries from the aorta in @entity3 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure and response prevention (ERP) for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is underutilized, in part because of costs and time requirements. This study extends pilot work investigating the use of a stepped care ERP administration, in which @entity0 are first given a low-intensity, low-cost treatment and the more costly intervention is reserved for those who do not respond to the first intervention. METHODS: Thirty adults with @entity1 were randomized to receive stepped care ERP or standard ERP. Those receiving stepped care started with three sessions over 6 weeks of low-intensity counseling with ERP bibliotherapy; @entity0 failing to meet strict responder criteria after 6 weeks were given the more traditional treatment of therapist-administered ERP (17 sessions twice weekly). Those receiving standard ERP received the therapist-administered ERP with no lower-intensity lead-in. RESULTS: The two treatments were equally efficacious, with 67% of stepped care completers and 50% of standard treatment completers meeting criteria for clinically significant change at posttreatment. Similarly, no differences in client satisfaction ratings were obtained between the two groups. Examination of treatment costs, however, revealed that stepped care resulted in significantly lower costs to @entity0 and third-party payers than did standard ERP, with large effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that stepped care ERP can significantly reduce treatment costs, without evidence of diminished treatment efficacy or @entity0 satisfaction. Additional research is needed to determine the long-term efficacy and costs of stepped care for @entity1 , and to examine the financial and therapeutic impact of implementing stepped care in community settings.

title: Stepped care versus standard cognitive-behavioral therapy for XXXX : a preliminary study of efficacy and costs.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In 1998 to 2008, the Republic of Bashkortostan officially notified 174 cases of @entity5 , including 43 cases in @entity0 less than 14 years of age. The @entity0 ' age varied from 6 to 75 years. Among the @entity0 , the proportion of @entity0 was 25%; out of them schoolchildren accounted for 95%. Able-bodied @entity0 aged 20 to 55 years suffered from @entity5 in 55% of cases. 63.3% of the @entity0 were males while 36.7% were females. The disease cases were recorded in 46 of 63 municipal areas of the republic. Morbidity rates in the rural areas were 2.8 times greater than those in the urban ones. In the past 5 years, the morbidity rate in the Republic of Bashkortostan increased by 16 times (from 0.1 cases per 100,000 population in 2004 to 1.6 in 2008). It exceeded the average federal rate by 2.3 times in 2006 (0.9 in Bashkorstan and 0.4 in the Russian Federation) and by 4 times in 2008 (1.6 and 0.4, respectively). By using the morphological characteristics, genome typing by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay, and electrophoretic analysis of selected samples, the authors established that @entity6 genotype (total, @entity3 ) causing @entity1 ( @entity5 ) in the republic's population. The @entity5 affliction rate for agricultural animals in the republic was as follows: 3.1-3.5% in @entity2 , 4.4-6.1% in small @entity2 , and 0.5-1.3% in @entity4 .

title: [ XXXX in the Republic of Bashkortostan].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A quick confirmative method was developed for determining the residues of 17 glucocorticoids, 11 progesterones, 3 @entity7 and 8 @entity2 in @entity0 formula by liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC- @entity1 / @entity1 ). The sample was extracted with @entity4 at first. Then the lipid substances were removed by centrifugation under freezing condition and liquid-liquid extraction with @entity8 of the extract. The purification was carried out on hydrophilic-lipophilic solid-phase extraction columns and @entity3 was used as the eluted solvent. The detection of 39 analytes was carried out in the positive or negative multi-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, separately. Acetonitrile-0.1% @entity9 was used as the mobile phase and an ordinary @entity6 gel @entity10 column was selected to separate the analytes in the positive mode. @entity4 -0.1% aqueous @entity5 as mobile phase and the separation was carried out on an ultra-performance @entity10 column with a wide pH range in the negative mode. The limits of quantification (LOQ, S/N > or = 10) were 0.02-5 microg/kg. The overall recoveries varied from 59.5% to 117.9%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were between 6.4% and 16.3%. The real sample tests showed that the simple and accurate method can be used for determining the residues of multi-endogenous and chemically synthesized hormones in milk powders.

title: [Quick determination of 39 hormones residues in XXXX formula by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

answer: @entity0


abstract: In this study, @entity3 extracts of stems and leaves of Costus cf. arabicus L. were evaluated for antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant strains of @entity0 and @entity2 aureus. The antibacterial and modulatory activities of the extracts were assayed by microdilution. The light-enhanced antibacterial activity was assayed by a light regimen. The growth of the bacteria tested was not inhibited by the extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration values were >= 1,024  g/mL. However, the antibiotic activity of @entity1 was synergistically enhanced when these extracts at subinhibitory concentrations were combined with the antibiotics. Also, both extracts showed activity against the wild-type bacterial strains, but the leaf extract was the more active extract, being active against both @entity2 and @entity0 . Therefore, we conclude that the @entity3 extracts of stems and leaves of C. cf. arabicus L. have potential light-induced antibacterial activity and synergistic antibiotic activity. This study showed that these extracts may be a promising source of antibacterial and modulatory agents.

title: In vitro antibacterial, phototoxic, and synergistic activity of XXXX extracts from Costus cf. arabicus L.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) consumption is strictly related to a high gastrointestinal and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity rate. @entity2 Research Society International (OARSI) recommendations in @entity0 with symptomatic hip or knee @entity2 stated that NSAIDs should be used at the lowest effective dose but their long-term use should be avoided if possible. OARSI guidelines for the treatment of the hip @entity2 include the use of viscosupplementation, which aims to restore physiological and rheological features of the synovial fluid. OBJECTIVE: Aim of this multicentric, open and retrospective study is to investigate if NSAID consumption may be reduced by the use of ultrasound-guided intra-articular injection of several hyaluronic acid (HA) products in hip joint administered in @entity0 affected by symptomatic hip @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 affected by mono or bilateral symptomatic hip @entity2 according to American Rheumatology Association (ARA) criteria, radiological @entity2 graded II-IV (Kellgren and Lawrence) entered the study and were administered with ultrasound-guided intra-articular injection of @entity3 products. As a primary endpoint, consumption of NSAIDs was evaluated by recording the number of days a month (range 0-30) the @entity0 had used NSAID during the previous month, reported at each visit during the 24 months follow-up period. Secondary endpoints included further analysis for subgroups of @entity0 categorized for Lequesne index score, Kellgren-Lawrence score, pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, ultrasound pattern, age, hyaluronic acid used. RESULTS: 2343 @entity0 entered the study. Regarding primary endpoint, the consumption of NSAIDs was reduced of 48.2% at the third month when compared with baseline values. This sparing effect increased at 12th and 24th month with a reduction respectively of 50% and 61% in comparison to baseline values. These differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: These data point out that intraarticular hyaluronan preparations provide @entity1 relief and reduce NSAIDs consumption in a large cohort of @entity0 for a long period of follow-up. Multiple courses of viscosupplementation (vs) are required to maintain low dose of NSAID consumption over time. NSAIDs consumption is strictly related to an high gastrointestinal and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity rate, instead HA intra-articular treatment is well tolerated and is associated with a low incidence of adverse effects. For these reasons further studies evaluating cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of VS in the management of hip @entity2 are required.

title: Hip viscosupplementation under ultra-sound guidance riduces NSAID consumption in symptomatic hip osteoarthritis XXXX in a long follow-up. Data from Italian registry.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 69-year-old female was receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in an intensive care unit (ICU). Consultation was requested from the palliative medicine service to facilitate a shared decision-making process regarding goals of care. Clinician responsibility in shared decision making includes the formulation and expression of a prognostic assessment providing the necessary perspective for a spokesperson to match @entity0 values with treatment options. For this @entity0 , @entity2 requiring RRT in the ICU was used as a focal point for preparing a prognostic assessment. A prognostic assessment should include the outcomes of most importance to a discussion of goals of care: mortality risk and survivor functional status, in this case including renal recovery. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to document published data regarding these outcomes for adult @entity0 receiving RRT for @entity2 in the ICU. Forty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. The combined mean values for short-term mortality, long-term mortality, renal-function recovery of short-term survivors, and renal-function recovery of long-term survivors were 51.7%, 68.6%, 82.0%, and 88.4%, respectively. This case example illustrates a process for formulating and expressing a prognostic assessment for an ICU @entity0 requiring RRT for @entity2 . Data from the literature review provide baseline information that requires adjustment to reflect specific @entity0 circumstances. The nature of the acute primary process, comorbidities, and severity of @entity1 are key modifiers. Finally, the prognostic assessment is expressed during a family meeting using recommended principles of communication.

title: XXXX requiring renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit: impact on prognostic assessment for shared decision making.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Bodily self-recognition is one aspect of our ability to distinguish between self and others and is central to effective socialization. Here we explored the influence of emotional body postures on bodily self-processing in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) as well as in high-functioning @entity2 @entity0 . METHOD: Subjects' bodies were photographed while expressing endogenously- (self-generated, Experiment 1) or exogenously-driven body emotions (imitated upon request, Experiment 2). Postures conveying positive (happiness), negative (fearful) and neutral valences were used. These pictures served as stimuli in a visual matching-to-sample task with self and others' body-images. RESULTS: A similar self-versus-others advantage was found in @entity1 and in @entity2 @entity0 , since @entity0 were faster with stimuli representing their own than others' body. This "self-advantage" was modulated by self-expressed emotional body postures being present with pictures of happy and neutral, but not fearful body images. This modulation was stronger when emotional postures were endogenously rather than exogenously driven. Moreover, faster responses were observed for others' fearful rather than happy or neutral body images in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The bodily self-advantage is a low-level function present in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and in high-functioning @entity2 @entity0 . Body postures, especially when they are endogenously generated, modulate the self and others' body processing. The advantage for processing others' fearful, comparing to others' happy and neutral, body postures may have played a crucial evolutionary role for species survival.

title: Scared by you: modulation of bodily-self by emotional body-postures in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Dendritic cells (DC) may be the most effective way of delivering oncolytic viruses to @entity0 . Reovirus, a naturally occurring oncolytic virus, is currently undergoing early clinical trials; however, intravenous delivery of the virus is hampered by pre-existing antiviral immunity. Systemic delivery via cell carriage is a novel approach currently under investigation and initial studies have indicated its feasibility by using a variety of cell types and viruses. This study addressed the efficacy of @entity0 DC to transport virus in the presence of human neutralizing serum. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Following reovirus-loading, DC or T cells were cocultured with @entity3 cells with or without neutralizing serum; the @entity3 cells were then analyzed for cell death. Following reovirus loading, cells were examined by electron microscopy to identify mechanisms of delivery. The phagocytic function of reovirus-loaded DC was investigated by using labeled @entity2 cells and the ability of reovirus-loaded DC to prime T cells was also investigated. RESULTS: In the presence of human neutralizing serum DC, but not T cells, were able to deliver reovirus for @entity3 cell killing in vitro. Electron microscopy suggested that DC protected the virus by internalization, whereas with T cells it remained bound to the surface and hence accessible to neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, DC loaded with reovirus were fully functional with regard to phagocytosis and priming of specific antitumor immune responses. CONCLUSIONS: The delivery of reovirus via DC could be a promising new approach offering the possibility of combining systemic viral therapy for @entity1 with induction of an antitumor immune response.

title: Internalization of oncolytic reovirus by XXXX dendritic cell carriers protects the virus from neutralization.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Gene expression can be regulated by chromatin modifiers, transcription factors and proteins that modulate DNA architecture. Among the latter, AT-hook transcription factors have emerged as multifaceted regulators that can activate or repress broad A/T-rich gene networks. Thus, alterations of AT-hook genes could affect the transcription of multiple genes causing global cell dysfunction. Here we report that targeted deletions of @entity1 @entity9 , a hypothetical @entity6 factor, sensitize @entity1 to pathogen-induced @entity2 and cause @entity5 . Compared with wild-type littermates, @entity9 KO @entity1 appeared weak, failed to thrive and most died by postnatal day 10. Systemic @entity2 , predominantly in the lungs, was accompanied by enhanced leukocyte infiltration and @entity3 . Cytologic, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses revealed @entity7 (+)Gr1(+) neutrophils as major tissue infiltrators, neutrophilic granule protein, cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide and @entity8 as neutrophil-specific chemoattracting factors, @entity4 and interferon-y as proinflammatory mediators, and matrix metalloprotease 9 as a plausible proteolytic trigger of @entity0 . @entity9 KO bone marrow transplants in wild-type recipients reproduced the severe pathogen-induced reactions and confirmed the involvement of neutrophils in acute @entity2 . Moreover, promoter/reporter experiments showed that @entity9 could act as a gene repressor. Our results support the concept of coordinated pathway-specific gene regulation functions modulating the intensity of inflammatory responses, reveal neutrophils as prominent mediators of acute @entity2 and suggest mechanisms underlying the triggering of acute and potentially fatal immune reactions.

title: Coordinate activation of inflammatory gene networks, @entity3 and neonatal death in XXXX deficient @entity1 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Gene expression can be regulated by chromatin modifiers, transcription factors and proteins that modulate DNA architecture. Among the latter, AT-hook transcription factors have emerged as multifaceted regulators that can activate or repress broad A/T-rich gene networks. Thus, alterations of AT-hook genes could affect the transcription of multiple genes causing global cell dysfunction. Here we report that targeted deletions of @entity1 @entity9 , a hypothetical @entity6 factor, sensitize @entity1 to pathogen-induced @entity2 and cause @entity5 . Compared with wild-type littermates, @entity9 KO @entity1 appeared weak, failed to thrive and most died by postnatal day 10. Systemic @entity2 , predominantly in the lungs, was accompanied by enhanced leukocyte infiltration and @entity3 . Cytologic, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses revealed @entity7 (+)Gr1(+) neutrophils as major tissue infiltrators, neutrophilic granule protein, cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide and @entity8 as neutrophil-specific chemoattracting factors, @entity4 and interferon-y as proinflammatory mediators, and matrix metalloprotease 9 as a plausible proteolytic trigger of @entity0 . @entity9 KO bone marrow transplants in wild-type recipients reproduced the severe pathogen-induced reactions and confirmed the involvement of neutrophils in acute @entity2 . Moreover, promoter/reporter experiments showed that @entity9 could act as a gene repressor. Our results support the concept of coordinated pathway-specific gene regulation functions modulating the intensity of inflammatory responses, reveal neutrophils as prominent mediators of acute @entity2 and suggest mechanisms underlying the triggering of acute and potentially fatal immune reactions.

title: Coordinate activation of inflammatory gene networks, XXXX and neonatal death in @entity9 deficient @entity1 .

answer: @entity3