abstract: BACKGROUND: There is insufficient evidence to suggest the routine use of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in @entity0 with one to three positive axillary nodes and @entity1 . We have assessed the risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR) with or without @entity2 in this group of @entity0 , and focused on the results in subgroups defined by @entity1 size. @entity0 AND METHODS: 249 @entity0 with @entity1 and one to three positive nodes underwent mastectomy and axillary dissection between 1983 and 1987. Locoregional @entity2 of 50 Gy was given to 175 @entity0 . Chemotherapy or hormonal therapy was administered to 41 and 71 @entity0 , respectively. The median follow-up time of survivors was 189 months (range, 167-227 months). RESULTS: The rates of isolated LRR without or with @entity2 were 16% (12/74) and 8% (14/175), respectively (p = 0.05), and the total (with or without distant relapse) LRR rates 23% and 12%, respectively (p = 0.03). 15-year overall survival amounted to 41% without @entity2 and to 52% with @entity2 (p = 0.2). The rates of isolated LRR for @entity0 treated with chemotherapy or hormonal therapy only were 25% and 12%, respectively. In the absence of @entity2 , age (> 45 vs = 45 years; p = 0.06), @entity1 size (T1 vs T2; p = 0.07), and extranodal invasion (ENI; absent vs present; p = 0.09) were related to the risk of developing an isolated LRR. On multivariate analysis, only @entity1 size (relative risk [RR], 3.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-15.14) and age (RR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.03-11.09) emerged as independent significant predictors, whereas ENI (RR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.81-2.77) did not. In the T1 subgroup, the estimated 15-year isolated LRR rate was 9% (3/36) without and 9% (8/99) with @entity2 (p = 0.9775). 15-year disease-free survival amounted to 62% and 57%, respectively (p = 0.5153). For @entity0 without @entity2 , according to the age groups (= 45 vs > 45 years), the 15-year rates of isolated LRR were 9% and 9%, respectively (p = 0.9910). In the T2 subgroup, the estimated 15-year isolated LRR rate was 30% (9/38) without and 10% (6/76) with @entity2 (RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.12-0.92; p = 0.0244). 15-year disease-free survival amounted to 32% and 50%, respectively (p = 0.1213). For @entity0 without @entity2 , according to the age groups (< or = 45 vs > 45 years), the 15-year rates of isolated LRR were 57% and 16%, respectively (p = 0.0049). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with T1 @entity1 and one to three positive nodes are at low risk of isolated LRR either with or without @entity2 . @entity0 with T2 @entity1 and one to three positive nodes are at high risk of isolated LRR without @entity2 . Our findings support the routine use of PMRT in @entity0 with T2 @entity1 , especially those aged < or = 45 years.

title: Locoregional failure 15 years after mastectomy in XXXX with one to three positive axillary nodes with or without irradiation the significance of @entity1 size.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To create an evidence-based position statement regarding the role of progestogen in postmenopausal hormone therapy ( @entity3 plus a progestogen, or EPT) for the management of menopause-related symptoms. DESIGN: NAMS followed the general principles established for evidence-based guidelines to create this document. Clinicians and researchers acknowledged to be experts in the field of postmenopausal hormone therapy were enlisted to review the evidence obtained from the medical literature and develop a position statement for approval by the NAMS Board of Trustees. RESULTS: The primary role of progestogen in postmenopausal hormone therapy is endometrial protection. Unopposed @entity3 therapy (ET) is associated with a significantly increased risk of @entity6 and @entity4 . Adding the appropriate dose and duration of progestogen to ET has been shown to lower that risk to the level found in never-users of ET. The clinical goal of progestogen in EPT is to provide endometrial protection while maintaining @entity3 benefits and minimizing progestogen-induced side effects, particularly uterine @entity5 . EPT discontinuance correlates with uterine @entity5 - @entity1 with more days of @entity7 have higher rates of continuance. All US Food and Drug Administration-approved progestogen formulations will provide endometrial protection if the dose and duration are adequate. @entity9 may diminish the beneficial effects of ET on cardiovascular risk factors. However, no EPT (or ET) regimen should be initiated for the primary or secondary prevention of @entity2 . Some @entity9 may negatively affect mood. Adding progestogen to ET does not decrease the @entity0 risk, although it does not seem to increase mortality. Progestogen increases mammographic density, which is reversed after discontinuation of use. @entity8 has limited effect on the bone-enhancing action of ET. In general, the side effects of added @entity8 are mild, although they may be severe in a small percentage of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Progestogen should be added to ET for all postmenopausal @entity1 with an intact uterus to prevent the elevated risk of @entity3 -induced @entity6 and @entity4 . There is no consensus on a preferred regimen for all @entity1 . By changing the progestogen type, route, or regimen, clinicians can individualize therapy to minimize side effects, especially uterine @entity5 , and limit any effects on ET benefits while providing adequate endometrial protection.

title: Role of progestogen in hormone therapy for postmenopausal XXXX : position statement of The North American Menopause Society.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the inflammatory markers in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or non-inflammatory diseases undergoing @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and to ascertain the variation trend of perioperative inflammatory markers and the influence of @entity1 markers after @entity3 . METHODS: Between January 2013 and December 2014, 153 consecutive @entity0 with @entity5 were included. According to the range of motion (ROM), the @entity0 were divided into ankylosis group (ROM: 0 degrees; group A, n = 92) and stiff group (ROM: 3-46 degrees; group B, n = 61); 120 non-inflammatory diseases @entity0 having no @entity7 and undergoing primary @entity3 served as non-inflammatory group (group C). The inflammatory markers including @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) concentrations were measured before operation and at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after operation, and the complication was observed. RESULTS: Perioperative serum @entity6 , @entity4 , and ESR increased at first after operation, and then decreased in 3 groups. There were significant differences in @entity6 and ESR between at pre- and post-operation (P < 0.05); the @entity4 at 1, 3, and 5 days after operation were significantly higher than that at preoperation (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between at 7 days and at preoperation (P > 0.05). @entity6 , @entity4 , and ESR of group B were significantly higher than those of group A at preoperation (P < 0.05); @entity6 and @entity4 of groups A and B were significantly higher than those of group C at preoperation and at 1 day after operation (P < 0.05); ESR of groups A and B was significantly higher than that of group C at preoperation, and at 1 day and 3 days after operation (P < 0.05); and no significant difference was shown among 3 groups at the other time points (P > 0.05). No inflammatory activity or increased complication was observed. CONCLUSION: @entity5 and non-inflammatory diseases show similar change trend of inflammatory markers at pre- and post-operation. The inflammatory activity of @entity5 has no significant effect on the changes of @entity1 markers and does not increase the incidence of @entity2 .

title: [COMPARISON OF PERIOPERATIVE INFLAMMATORY MARKERS BETWEEN XXXX WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS AND NON-INFLAMMATORY DISEASES UNDERGOING TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 after positioning is sometimes seen especially in @entity0 with cervical spinal lesion operated on under prone position. @entity0 with spinal lesion and those with @entity1 are compared in the frequency of @entity2 after positioning to prone. Sixty-one cases operated on with prone position were studied. Ages ranged from 40 to 82 (mean 61) years and ASA grade was 1 or 2 in each case. Cervical laminoplasty (group C) or craniotomy (group B) are performed in 40 and 21 @entity0 , respectively. @entity6 was administrated when the systolic blood pressure decreased under 80 mmHg and the frequency of @entity6 use was compared. There were no differences in age and sex distribution between group C and B. The induction doses of @entity3 and @entity4 in group B were larger than those of group C, but ephedrine use in group C was more frequent than in group B. In T2-weighted image of the cervical cord, high signal intensity areas were depicted in cases with @entity2 . The sympathetic flow descends in the medial part in the lateral funiculus. Damage of this pathway would cause @entity5 in @entity0 with cervical spinal lesion and strict monitoring is necessary during positioning to prone.

title: [ XXXX after turning to the prone position].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is the leading parasitic aetiology of @entity0 enteric infections in the United States, with an estimated 1  2 million cases occurring annually. To better understand transmission, we analysed data on all @entity2 outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for 1971-2011. The 242 outbreaks, affecting ~41 000 @entity0 , resulted from waterborne (74  8%), foodborne (15  7%), @entity0 -to- @entity0 (2  5%), and animal contact (1  2%) transmission. Most (74  6%) waterborne outbreaks were associated with drinking water, followed by recreational water (18  2%). Problems with water treatment, untreated groundwater, and distribution systems were identified most often during drinking water-associated outbreak investigations; problems with water treatment declined after the 1980s. Most recreational water-associated outbreaks were linked to treated swimming venues, with pools and wading pools implicated most often. Produce was implicated most often in foodborne outbreaks. Additionally, foods were most commonly prepared in a restaurant and contaminated by a food handler. Lessons learned from examining patterns in outbreaks over time can help prevent future disease. Groundwater and distribution system vulnerabilities, inadequate pool disinfection, fruit and vegetable contamination, and poor food handler hygiene are promising targets for @entity2 prevention measures.

title: XXXX outbreaks in the United States, 1971-2011.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: Prion diseases exist in classical and atypical disease forms. Both forms are characterised by disease-associated accumulation of a host membrane sialoglycoprotein known as @entity6 (PrP(d) ). In classical forms of @entity4 , PrP(d) can accumulate in the extracellular space as fibrillar amyloid, intracellularly within lysosomes, but mainly on membranes in association with unique and characteristic membrane pathology. These membrane changes are found in all species and strains of classical @entity4 and consist of spiral, branched and clathrin coated membrane invaginations on dendrites. Atypical @entity4 have been described in ruminants and @entity0 and have distinct biological, biochemical and pathological properties when compared to classical disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the sub-cellular pattern of PrP(d) accumulation and membrane changes in @entity5 were the same as those found in classical @entity4 METHODS: Immunogold electron microscopy was used to examine brains of @entity5 affected @entity3 and Tg338 @entity1 RESULTS: Classical prion disease-associated membrane lesions were not found in @entity5 affected @entity3 , however, white matter PrP(d) accumulation was localised mainly to the inner mesaxon and paranodal cytoplasm of oligodendroglia. Similar lesions were found in myelinated axons of @entity5 Tg338-infected @entity1 . However, Tg338 @entity1 also showed the unique grey matter membrane changes seen in classical forms of disease CONCLUSIONS: These data show that atypical @entity2 directs a change in trafficking of abnormal PrP to axons and oligodendroglia and that the resulting pathology is an interaction between the agent strain and host genotype. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Altered trafficking of abnormal @entity6 in @entity5 : XXXX accumulation in oligodendroglial inner mesaxons.

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIMS: Prion diseases exist in classical and atypical disease forms. Both forms are characterised by disease-associated accumulation of a host membrane sialoglycoprotein known as @entity6 (PrP(d) ). In classical forms of @entity4 , PrP(d) can accumulate in the extracellular space as fibrillar amyloid, intracellularly within lysosomes, but mainly on membranes in association with unique and characteristic membrane pathology. These membrane changes are found in all species and strains of classical @entity4 and consist of spiral, branched and clathrin coated membrane invaginations on dendrites. Atypical @entity4 have been described in ruminants and @entity0 and have distinct biological, biochemical and pathological properties when compared to classical disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the sub-cellular pattern of PrP(d) accumulation and membrane changes in @entity5 were the same as those found in classical @entity4 METHODS: Immunogold electron microscopy was used to examine brains of @entity5 affected @entity3 and Tg338 @entity1 RESULTS: Classical prion disease-associated membrane lesions were not found in @entity5 affected @entity3 , however, white matter PrP(d) accumulation was localised mainly to the inner mesaxon and paranodal cytoplasm of oligodendroglia. Similar lesions were found in myelinated axons of @entity5 Tg338-infected @entity1 . However, Tg338 @entity1 also showed the unique grey matter membrane changes seen in classical forms of disease CONCLUSIONS: These data show that atypical @entity2 directs a change in trafficking of abnormal PrP to axons and oligodendroglia and that the resulting pathology is an interaction between the agent strain and host genotype. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Altered trafficking of abnormal XXXX in @entity5 : @entity6 accumulation in oligodendroglial inner mesaxons.

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIMS: Prion diseases exist in classical and atypical disease forms. Both forms are characterised by disease-associated accumulation of a host membrane sialoglycoprotein known as @entity6 (PrP(d) ). In classical forms of @entity4 , PrP(d) can accumulate in the extracellular space as fibrillar amyloid, intracellularly within lysosomes, but mainly on membranes in association with unique and characteristic membrane pathology. These membrane changes are found in all species and strains of classical @entity4 and consist of spiral, branched and clathrin coated membrane invaginations on dendrites. Atypical @entity4 have been described in ruminants and @entity0 and have distinct biological, biochemical and pathological properties when compared to classical disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the sub-cellular pattern of PrP(d) accumulation and membrane changes in @entity5 were the same as those found in classical @entity4 METHODS: Immunogold electron microscopy was used to examine brains of @entity5 affected @entity3 and Tg338 @entity1 RESULTS: Classical prion disease-associated membrane lesions were not found in @entity5 affected @entity3 , however, white matter PrP(d) accumulation was localised mainly to the inner mesaxon and paranodal cytoplasm of oligodendroglia. Similar lesions were found in myelinated axons of @entity5 Tg338-infected @entity1 . However, Tg338 @entity1 also showed the unique grey matter membrane changes seen in classical forms of disease CONCLUSIONS: These data show that atypical @entity2 directs a change in trafficking of abnormal PrP to axons and oligodendroglia and that the resulting pathology is an interaction between the agent strain and host genotype. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Altered trafficking of abnormal @entity6 in XXXX : @entity6 accumulation in oligodendroglial inner mesaxons.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Developing strong ties between oneself and others lays the foundation for developing social competence. Neuroimaging studies have consistently identified specific cortical midline regions activated during evaluative judgments about the self and others. Individuals with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) process self-relevant information differently from their peers, both behaviorally and at the neural level. We compared resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of regions involved in self-referential (e.g. medial prefrontal cortex; mPFC) and other-referential (e.g. posterior cingulate cortex; @entity2 ) processing between neurotypical individuals and individuals with @entity1 in three age cohorts using regions of interest (ROIs) identified through an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Typically developing @entity0 demonstrated greater connectivity within the midline self- and other-referential networks compared with age-matched @entity0 with @entity1 . No group differences in rsFC of mPFC or @entity2 emerged between typically developing adolescents and adolescents with @entity1 . Neurotypical adults exhibited stronger rsFC of the @entity2 with orbitofrontal cortex compared with adults with @entity1 . Developmental differences in functional connectivity between areas underlying self- and other-referential thought may explain altered developmental trajectories in the understanding of self and others in individuals with @entity1 .

title: Functional connectivity of brain regions for self- and other-evaluation in XXXX , adolescents and adults with autism.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity13 due to @entity10 usually manifests as bilateral adrenal enlargement. We report a @entity0 with @entity4 in whom the initial overt primary @entity11 was accompanied by an only slightly enlarged right adrenal gland. The 80-year-old @entity0 presented with @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity14 . @entity13 was diagnosed based on this clinical presentation and laboratory findings of low @entity9 and high adrenocorticotropin levels. Computerized tomography (CT) of the adrenal glands revealed a small right @entity2 . His family refused to allow percutaneous or surgical biopsy to determine the nature of the @entity2 . His general condition improved after @entity3 supplementation. However, about 1 year later, dizziness, @entity5 , night sweats, and @entity1 of the lower legs developed, and adrenal CT scanning revealed that the left adrenal gland had enlarged and now exceeded the size of the right one. Left adrenalectomy was performed and pathology showed a diffuse large @entity12 . Staging work-up using whole-body CT scanning suggested a stage @entity10 . Chemotherapy was given, but the disease still progressed and the @entity0 died 4 months after diagnosis. Primary @entity10 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity13 , even if only slight enlargement of the adrenal glands is found initially.

title: XXXX and @entity13 : report of a case.

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity13 due to @entity10 usually manifests as bilateral adrenal enlargement. We report a @entity0 with @entity4 in whom the initial overt primary @entity11 was accompanied by an only slightly enlarged right adrenal gland. The 80-year-old @entity0 presented with @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity14 . @entity13 was diagnosed based on this clinical presentation and laboratory findings of low @entity9 and high adrenocorticotropin levels. Computerized tomography (CT) of the adrenal glands revealed a small right @entity2 . His family refused to allow percutaneous or surgical biopsy to determine the nature of the @entity2 . His general condition improved after @entity3 supplementation. However, about 1 year later, dizziness, @entity5 , night sweats, and @entity1 of the lower legs developed, and adrenal CT scanning revealed that the left adrenal gland had enlarged and now exceeded the size of the right one. Left adrenalectomy was performed and pathology showed a diffuse large @entity12 . Staging work-up using whole-body CT scanning suggested a stage @entity10 . Chemotherapy was given, but the disease still progressed and the @entity0 died 4 months after diagnosis. Primary @entity10 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity13 , even if only slight enlargement of the adrenal glands is found initially.

title: @entity10 and XXXX : report of a case.

answer: @entity13


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bleeding splanchnic artery @entity2 is a rare but frequently fatal complication that can be successfully managed by angiographic embolization. However, certain @entity0 because of hemodynamic instability, non-availability of technique or angiographic failure may require primary surgical intervention. METHOD: Retrospective review of 13 @entity0 presenting with exsanguinating @entity3 from @entity6 arising from branches of @entity7 , managed surgically in absence of angiographic embolization. RESULTS: Splenic artery was most commonly involved (n = 7) followed by hepatic (n = 3), gastroduodenal (n = 2) and left gastric artery (n = 1). The most common underlying aetiology was @entity4 (n = 8, acute = 2; chronic = 6) followed by iatrogenic (n = 3), @entity8 (n = 1) and gastric @entity5 (n = 1). Seven @entity0 presented with @entity1 , while 2 each with lower @entity1 , haemobilia and @entity3 through tube drains. CT-scan accurately demonstrated the @entity2 in 11 (84.6%) @entity0 and additionally demonstrated the underlying pathology. The surgical management chiefly consisted of ligation of offending vessel and additional procedures directed at primary pathology. Overall, 77% @entity0 had a favourable outcome while 23% died consequent to ongoing @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Pseudo- @entity2 involving the branches of @entity7 most commonly arises as a result of @entity4 and affects splenic artery. CT-scan accurately demonstrates @entity2 and associated pathology in majority of cases. Primary surgical management in the presence of hemodynamic instability and non-availability of angiographic embolization is a viable alternative.

title: Experience of surgical management of XXXX in a North Indian Hospital.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity15 is an @entity2 which has been reported from various parts of India with Rajasthan recently joining the list of affected states. AIM: To report a series of paediatric scrub typhus cases from rural Rajasthan. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of @entity0 with scrub typhus admitted to the wards and paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary-care hospital. METHODS: The study was undertaken over an 8-month period from May to December 2013. All @entity0 with a clinical presentation and/or serological confirmation of scrub typhus who tested negative for @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity12 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were included. A range of investigations were undertaken including IgM-ELISA for scrub typhus, followed by appropriate medical management. RESULTS: Thirty @entity0 satisfied the inclusion criteria. The mean (SD, range) age of the @entity0 was 8  56 (3  43, 3-16) years. The most common clinical features were @entity2 (n   =   30, 100%), @entity1 (n   =   20, 66%), @entity9 (n   =   15, 50%), @entity8 (n   =   18, 60%) and pallor (n   =   5, 16%). Typical features such as @entity10 were observed in only one (3  3%) and three (10%) @entity0 , respectively; none had generalised @entity13 or conjunctival congestion. IgM-ELISA for scrub typhus was positive in 28 @entity0 (93  3%) and 27 responded to @entity14 within 24-72hours. One of the three @entity0 who required PICU support responded to intravenous @entity11 and, of the other two (6  6%), one died of acute @entity5 and the other owing to @entity7 . CONCLUSION: A high index of suspicion is essential for early diagnosis and prevention of complications in scrub typhus together with prompt referral from rural areas to a higher centre. Awareness of the disease manifestations may further help to prevent excessive investigations in @entity0 presenting with non-specific @entity2 and reduce the economic burden to the family and society in resource-constrained settings.

title: XXXX in rural Rajasthan and a review of other Indian studies.

answer: @entity15


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have established the efficacy of psychosocial interventions as adjuncts to pharmacotherapy in the symptom maintenance of @entity1 . This study concerned a new psychosocial approach - integrated family and individual therapy (IFIT) - that synthesizes family psychoeducational sessions with individual sessions of interpersonal and social rhythm therapy. METHOD: Shortly after an @entity3 , 30 @entity1 @entity0 (DSM-IV criteria) were assigned to open treatment with IFIT (up to 50 weekly sessions of family and individual therapy) and mood-stabilizing medications in the context of a treatment development study. Their outcomes over 1 year were compared with the outcomes of 70 @entity0 from a previous trial who received standard community care, consisting of 2 family educational sessions, mood-stabilizing medications, and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity0 in both samples were evaluated as to symptomatic functioning at entry into the project and then every 3 months for 1 year. RESULTS: @entity0 in IFIT had longer survival intervals (time without relapsing) than @entity0 in @entity4 . They also showed greater reductions in @entity2 over 1 year of treatment relative to their baseline levels. The results could not be explained by group differences in baseline symptoms or pharmacologic treatment regimens. CONCLUSION: Combining family and individual therapy with medication may protect episodic @entity1 @entity0 from early relapse and @entity2 . Further examination of this integrative model within randomized controlled trials is warranted.

title: Integrated family and individual therapy for XXXX : results of a treatment development study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enhanced eosinophil responses have critical roles in the development of @entity3 . @entity4 regulates the maturation, migration and survival of eosinophils, and @entity4 and eotaxins mediate the trafficking and activation of eosinophils in inflamed tissues. @entity6 (+) Th2 cells are the main producers of @entity4 and other cells such as NK also release this cytokine. Although multiple signalling pathways may be involved, @entity7 critically regulates the differentiation and cytokine production of Th2 cells and the expression of eotaxins. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that mediate different parts of the eosinophilic inflammatory process in different tissues in allergic @entity5 remain unclear. Furthermore, the mechanisms at play may vary depending on the context of @entity1 and microenvironment of the involved tissues. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We employed a model of @entity3 in wild type and @entity7 -deficient @entity0 to explore the roles of @entity7 and @entity4 in the development of @entity1 in this context. Quantitative PCR and ELISA were used to examine @entity4 , eotaxins levels in serum and lungs. Eosinophils in lung, peripheral blood and bone marrow were characterized by morphological properties. @entity6 (+) T cell and NK cells were identified by flow cytometry. Antibodies were used to deplete @entity6 (+) and NK cells. We showed that @entity7 is indispensible for @entity2 and the induction of @entity8 during allergic airway @entity1 . In the absence of these chemokines eosinophils are not attracted into lung and accumulate in peripheral blood. We also demonstrate the existence of an alternate @entity7 -independent pathway of @entity4 production by @entity6 (+) and NK cells that mediates the development of eosinophils in bone marrow and their subsequent movement into the circulation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that different points of eosinophilic inflammatory processes in @entity3 may be differentially regulated by the activation of @entity7 -dependent and -independent pathways.

title: An alternate XXXX -independent pathway promotes eosinophil influx into blood during allergic airway @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enhanced eosinophil responses have critical roles in the development of @entity3 . @entity4 regulates the maturation, migration and survival of eosinophils, and @entity4 and eotaxins mediate the trafficking and activation of eosinophils in inflamed tissues. @entity6 (+) Th2 cells are the main producers of @entity4 and other cells such as NK also release this cytokine. Although multiple signalling pathways may be involved, @entity7 critically regulates the differentiation and cytokine production of Th2 cells and the expression of eotaxins. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that mediate different parts of the eosinophilic inflammatory process in different tissues in allergic @entity5 remain unclear. Furthermore, the mechanisms at play may vary depending on the context of @entity1 and microenvironment of the involved tissues. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We employed a model of @entity3 in wild type and @entity7 -deficient @entity0 to explore the roles of @entity7 and @entity4 in the development of @entity1 in this context. Quantitative PCR and ELISA were used to examine @entity4 , eotaxins levels in serum and lungs. Eosinophils in lung, peripheral blood and bone marrow were characterized by morphological properties. @entity6 (+) T cell and NK cells were identified by flow cytometry. Antibodies were used to deplete @entity6 (+) and NK cells. We showed that @entity7 is indispensible for @entity2 and the induction of @entity8 during allergic airway @entity1 . In the absence of these chemokines eosinophils are not attracted into lung and accumulate in peripheral blood. We also demonstrate the existence of an alternate @entity7 -independent pathway of @entity4 production by @entity6 (+) and NK cells that mediates the development of eosinophils in bone marrow and their subsequent movement into the circulation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that different points of eosinophilic inflammatory processes in @entity3 may be differentially regulated by the activation of @entity7 -dependent and -independent pathways.

title: An alternate @entity7 -independent pathway promotes eosinophil influx into blood during allergic airway XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity11 is combined with a progressive external @entity9 ( @entity6 ), retinal @entity2 and @entity3 . In some @entity0 , progression of incomplete forms has been described and potentially fatal conduction disturbances may occur. The disease is considered as a systemic @entity7 . As part of an ongoing prospective study 6 @entity0 (3 female, 3 male; age 32 +/- 9 years) with @entity6 and typical ultrastructural changes of a @entity8 in their skeletal muscle were examined. The ECG disclosed atrio/intraventricular conduction defects in 5 @entity0 : 1 @entity0 had a @entity4 which was treated by a pacemaker. Another @entity0 had @entity5 with complete @entity5 . In 3 other @entity0 an incomplete @entity5 was registered. In 1 @entity0 , His-bundle electrography disclosed a block distal to His by atrial high rate pacing before and after i.v. injection of @entity10 ; prophylactically a pacemaker was implanted. The mean HV-interval increased significantly under @entity10 by 44% in @entity0 with sinus rhythm. Hemodynamic studies were normal in 5 @entity0 at rest; only 1 @entity0 was abnormal during exercise. Myocardial biopsy demonstrated @entity7 such as variability in shape and size. In 4 @entity0 concentric cristae mitochondriales were seen. Our results suggest that @entity4 are common in @entity0 with @entity6 . By means of endomyocardial catheterbiopsy a @entity1 could be detected.

title: [Heart involvement in progressive external @entity9 ( XXXX ): electrophysiologic, hemodynamic and morphologic findings].

answer: @entity11


abstract: The @entity11 is combined with a progressive external @entity9 ( @entity6 ), retinal @entity2 and @entity3 . In some @entity0 , progression of incomplete forms has been described and potentially fatal conduction disturbances may occur. The disease is considered as a systemic @entity7 . As part of an ongoing prospective study 6 @entity0 (3 female, 3 male; age 32 +/- 9 years) with @entity6 and typical ultrastructural changes of a @entity8 in their skeletal muscle were examined. The ECG disclosed atrio/intraventricular conduction defects in 5 @entity0 : 1 @entity0 had a @entity4 which was treated by a pacemaker. Another @entity0 had @entity5 with complete @entity5 . In 3 other @entity0 an incomplete @entity5 was registered. In 1 @entity0 , His-bundle electrography disclosed a block distal to His by atrial high rate pacing before and after i.v. injection of @entity10 ; prophylactically a pacemaker was implanted. The mean HV-interval increased significantly under @entity10 by 44% in @entity0 with sinus rhythm. Hemodynamic studies were normal in 5 @entity0 at rest; only 1 @entity0 was abnormal during exercise. Myocardial biopsy demonstrated @entity7 such as variability in shape and size. In 4 @entity0 concentric cristae mitochondriales were seen. Our results suggest that @entity4 are common in @entity0 with @entity6 . By means of endomyocardial catheterbiopsy a @entity1 could be detected.

title: [Heart involvement in progressive external XXXX ( @entity11 ): electrophysiologic, hemodynamic and morphologic findings].

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity4 (BECTS) is considered to be the most common @entity1 . We studied the relationship between the type of @entity2 and response to medication in a Greek population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 60 neurodevelopmentally normal @entity0 diagnosed with BECTS. @entity0 were subdivided into three groups, based on type of @entity2 : Group A comprised 32 @entity0 with generalized @entity2 , Group B 19 @entity0 with focal @entity2 and Group C 9 @entity0 with focal @entity2 with secondary generalization. All @entity0 in the present study were started on an antiepileptic medication after the third @entity2 ( @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity6 ), and we studied the response to medication. RESULTS: 10 from 13 (76.92%) of @entity0 in Group A, 13 from 15 (86.66%) @entity0 in Group B, and all 6 @entity0 (100%) in Group C started @entity5 or @entity6 had a favorable respond. Similarly, 16 from 19 (84.2%) of @entity0 in Group A, 3 from 4 @entity0 (75%) in Group B, and 1 from 3 @entity0 (33.3%) in Group C, started @entity3 responded well to medication. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity0 responded well to the first antiepileptic treatment and had a favorable outcome, regardless of type of @entity2 . 88.3% of @entity0 became @entity2 free by 1 or 2 years after @entity2 onset. These findings are indicative that the type of @entity2 has no major effect neither in response to antiepileptic treatment or in the final outcome. Further research in a larger number of @entity0 is needed.

title: @entity1 with @entity4 : Relationship between type of XXXX and response to medication in a Greek population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity4 (BECTS) is considered to be the most common @entity1 . We studied the relationship between the type of @entity2 and response to medication in a Greek population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 60 neurodevelopmentally normal @entity0 diagnosed with BECTS. @entity0 were subdivided into three groups, based on type of @entity2 : Group A comprised 32 @entity0 with generalized @entity2 , Group B 19 @entity0 with focal @entity2 and Group C 9 @entity0 with focal @entity2 with secondary generalization. All @entity0 in the present study were started on an antiepileptic medication after the third @entity2 ( @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity6 ), and we studied the response to medication. RESULTS: 10 from 13 (76.92%) of @entity0 in Group A, 13 from 15 (86.66%) @entity0 in Group B, and all 6 @entity0 (100%) in Group C started @entity5 or @entity6 had a favorable respond. Similarly, 16 from 19 (84.2%) of @entity0 in Group A, 3 from 4 @entity0 (75%) in Group B, and 1 from 3 @entity0 (33.3%) in Group C, started @entity3 responded well to medication. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity0 responded well to the first antiepileptic treatment and had a favorable outcome, regardless of type of @entity2 . 88.3% of @entity0 became @entity2 free by 1 or 2 years after @entity2 onset. These findings are indicative that the type of @entity2 has no major effect neither in response to antiepileptic treatment or in the final outcome. Further research in a larger number of @entity0 is needed.

title: @entity1 with XXXX : Relationship between type of @entity2 and response to medication in a Greek population.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity4 (BECTS) is considered to be the most common @entity1 . We studied the relationship between the type of @entity2 and response to medication in a Greek population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 60 neurodevelopmentally normal @entity0 diagnosed with BECTS. @entity0 were subdivided into three groups, based on type of @entity2 : Group A comprised 32 @entity0 with generalized @entity2 , Group B 19 @entity0 with focal @entity2 and Group C 9 @entity0 with focal @entity2 with secondary generalization. All @entity0 in the present study were started on an antiepileptic medication after the third @entity2 ( @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity6 ), and we studied the response to medication. RESULTS: 10 from 13 (76.92%) of @entity0 in Group A, 13 from 15 (86.66%) @entity0 in Group B, and all 6 @entity0 (100%) in Group C started @entity5 or @entity6 had a favorable respond. Similarly, 16 from 19 (84.2%) of @entity0 in Group A, 3 from 4 @entity0 (75%) in Group B, and 1 from 3 @entity0 (33.3%) in Group C, started @entity3 responded well to medication. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity0 responded well to the first antiepileptic treatment and had a favorable outcome, regardless of type of @entity2 . 88.3% of @entity0 became @entity2 free by 1 or 2 years after @entity2 onset. These findings are indicative that the type of @entity2 has no major effect neither in response to antiepileptic treatment or in the final outcome. Further research in a larger number of @entity0 is needed.

title: XXXX with @entity4 : Relationship between type of @entity2 and response to medication in a Greek population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 -based preoperative chemoradiotherapy has become the standard treatment for @entity2 . In order to improve the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ), we added @entity7 to the standard treatment, and compared the effectiveness of these two treatment patterns. METHODS: A total of 206 @entity0 enrolled in the prospective study had histologically confirmed @entity2 of clinical stage II/III during July 2007 to July 2010. They were randomized into the experimental group received @entity7 and @entity6 in combination with radiotherapy, and the control group received @entity6 in combination with radiotherapy. All @entity0 received surgery in 6-10 weeks after chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6. The primary endpoints were @entity3 and @entity8 , and the secondary endpoints included @entity4 , compliance, and histopathological response. RESULTS: The 3-year @entity8 in the experimental group and the control group was 90.29% vs. 86.41% (P>0.05), and the 3-year @entity3 was 80.58% vs. 69.90% (P>0.05). The pathological complete remission (pCR) rates were 23.30% and 19.42%, respectively (P=0.497). The 3-year local recurrence rates were 4.85% vs. 5.83% (P=0.694), and the 3-year distant @entity1 rates were 16.50% and 28.16%, respectively (P=0.045). There were no significant differences in most grade 3-4 toxicities between two groups, however, grade 3-4 @entity5 occurred in 16.50% (17/103) of the experimental group, compared with 6.80% (7/103) of the control group (P=0.030). Also, the total grade 3-4 acute @entity4 showed a significant difference (10.68% vs. 21.36%, P=0.037). CONCLUSIONS: The experimental treatment did not lead significantly improved @entity8 and @entity3 , and thus longer follow-up is warranted for our @entity0 cohort. Adding @entity7 to @entity6 -based preoperative chemoradiotherapy can significantly reduce @entity1 , but has only minimal impact on local recurrence. Although grade 3-4 @entity4 rate increased (primarily gastrointestinal @entity4 ), @entity0 can stand to be followed up with allopathic treatment.

title: @entity9 -based preoperative chemoradiotherapy with or without XXXX for @entity2 : a 3-year follow-up study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 -based preoperative chemoradiotherapy has become the standard treatment for @entity2 . In order to improve the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ), we added @entity7 to the standard treatment, and compared the effectiveness of these two treatment patterns. METHODS: A total of 206 @entity0 enrolled in the prospective study had histologically confirmed @entity2 of clinical stage II/III during July 2007 to July 2010. They were randomized into the experimental group received @entity7 and @entity6 in combination with radiotherapy, and the control group received @entity6 in combination with radiotherapy. All @entity0 received surgery in 6-10 weeks after chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6. The primary endpoints were @entity3 and @entity8 , and the secondary endpoints included @entity4 , compliance, and histopathological response. RESULTS: The 3-year @entity8 in the experimental group and the control group was 90.29% vs. 86.41% (P>0.05), and the 3-year @entity3 was 80.58% vs. 69.90% (P>0.05). The pathological complete remission (pCR) rates were 23.30% and 19.42%, respectively (P=0.497). The 3-year local recurrence rates were 4.85% vs. 5.83% (P=0.694), and the 3-year distant @entity1 rates were 16.50% and 28.16%, respectively (P=0.045). There were no significant differences in most grade 3-4 toxicities between two groups, however, grade 3-4 @entity5 occurred in 16.50% (17/103) of the experimental group, compared with 6.80% (7/103) of the control group (P=0.030). Also, the total grade 3-4 acute @entity4 showed a significant difference (10.68% vs. 21.36%, P=0.037). CONCLUSIONS: The experimental treatment did not lead significantly improved @entity8 and @entity3 , and thus longer follow-up is warranted for our @entity0 cohort. Adding @entity7 to @entity6 -based preoperative chemoradiotherapy can significantly reduce @entity1 , but has only minimal impact on local recurrence. Although grade 3-4 @entity4 rate increased (primarily gastrointestinal @entity4 ), @entity0 can stand to be followed up with allopathic treatment.

title: XXXX -based preoperative chemoradiotherapy with or without @entity7 for @entity2 : a 3-year follow-up study.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 -based preoperative chemoradiotherapy has become the standard treatment for @entity2 . In order to improve the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ), we added @entity7 to the standard treatment, and compared the effectiveness of these two treatment patterns. METHODS: A total of 206 @entity0 enrolled in the prospective study had histologically confirmed @entity2 of clinical stage II/III during July 2007 to July 2010. They were randomized into the experimental group received @entity7 and @entity6 in combination with radiotherapy, and the control group received @entity6 in combination with radiotherapy. All @entity0 received surgery in 6-10 weeks after chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6. The primary endpoints were @entity3 and @entity8 , and the secondary endpoints included @entity4 , compliance, and histopathological response. RESULTS: The 3-year @entity8 in the experimental group and the control group was 90.29% vs. 86.41% (P>0.05), and the 3-year @entity3 was 80.58% vs. 69.90% (P>0.05). The pathological complete remission (pCR) rates were 23.30% and 19.42%, respectively (P=0.497). The 3-year local recurrence rates were 4.85% vs. 5.83% (P=0.694), and the 3-year distant @entity1 rates were 16.50% and 28.16%, respectively (P=0.045). There were no significant differences in most grade 3-4 toxicities between two groups, however, grade 3-4 @entity5 occurred in 16.50% (17/103) of the experimental group, compared with 6.80% (7/103) of the control group (P=0.030). Also, the total grade 3-4 acute @entity4 showed a significant difference (10.68% vs. 21.36%, P=0.037). CONCLUSIONS: The experimental treatment did not lead significantly improved @entity8 and @entity3 , and thus longer follow-up is warranted for our @entity0 cohort. Adding @entity7 to @entity6 -based preoperative chemoradiotherapy can significantly reduce @entity1 , but has only minimal impact on local recurrence. Although grade 3-4 @entity4 rate increased (primarily gastrointestinal @entity4 ), @entity0 can stand to be followed up with allopathic treatment.

title: @entity9 -based preoperative chemoradiotherapy with or without @entity7 for XXXX : a 3-year follow-up study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Surgery is the main treatment for most @entity3 . However, the indications for subtotal or radical thyroidectomy in cases of @entity3 remain controversial. This study examined the indications for subtotal thyroidectomy or radical total thyroidectomy in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: A total of 196 cases of @entity2 diagnosed among 1,545 @entity3 cases between 1960 and 2000 at National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) were included in this study. Diagnosis of @entity2 was based on the findings of pathologic examination. All surgeries were performed in the Department of Surgery at NTUH. The average period of postoperative follow-up was 11.7 years. Subtotal thyroidectomy was defined as thyroid resection performed on not more than two-thirds of the whole lobe. Radical thyroidectomy was defined as total removal of the thyroid plus cervical lymph node removal if surgical examination revealed @entity2 . Local recurrence was defined as @entity2 reappearance in soft tissue in the neck or cervical lymph node after initial treatment. Distal @entity1 was also surveyed from medical records. @entity0 were classified into three groups according to the size of the surgical specimen as less than 3 cm in diameter, 3 to 5 cm, and more than 5 cm. RESULTS: Between 1960 and 2000, the percentage of @entity2 @entity0 undergoing @entity2 surgery decreased from 22.0 to 7.7%, while papillary @entity2 surgery increased from 65.5 to 87.1%. This change was associated with the addition of @entity4 to table salt island-wide from 1967. The change in percentage of surgically treated cases was greater between 1991 and 2000. Subtotal thyroidectomy was performed in 56 cases and radical thyroidectomy was performed in 140 cases during the study period. None of the 63 cases with a @entity2 diameter of less than 3 cm undergoing either radical or subtotal thyroidectomy had local recurrence during a mean follow-up of 11.7 years. However, six of those cases (9.5%) had distant @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: For follicular cancers of less than 3 cm in diameter, subtotal thyroidectomy instead of radical thyroidectomy may be considered, but close follow-up is necessary.

title: Operative strategy in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Recent work has tested the hypothesis that @entity3 (NO) might play an important role in the control of heart rate (HR) by stimulating cardiac pacemaking in the sino-atrial node (SAN). In isolated @entity2 SAN cells and atrial preparations, nano-micromolar concentrations of NO donors were shown to elicit a NO-dependent increase of 20-30% in the beating rate. In the @entity4 heart in situ, topical NO donor application to the SAN increased HR by ca. 10%, indicating that the direct positive chronotropic effect of NO is relevant in vivo. Indeed, a similar significant increase in HR (by 12%) was seen in @entity0 with intravenous NO donor infusion while blood pressure was clamped. Inhibition of NO synthase or depletion of its gene have been associated with a significant reduction in HR by ca. 10% in vitro and in vivo, consistent with a tonic positive chronotropic effect of endogenous NO. The direct stimulatory effect of NO on cardiac pacemaking is mediated by stimulation of the 'pacemaker' current I, in SAN cells via a novel cascade involving @entity5 , PDE3-PKA signalling and mobilization of intracellular @entity1 . In conclusion, recent studies have demonstrated for the first time that NO exerts a direct positive chronotropic effect through the activation of a novel signal transduction pathway in SAN cells. Evidence in animals and in @entity0 indicates that direct stimulation of cardiac pacemaking by NO is functionally relevant for the control of HR in vivo.

title: XXXX stimulation of cardiac pacemaking in the sino-atrial node through the activation of a novel signalling pathway: overview of in vitro and in vivo evidence for a new basic mechanism in the control of heart rate.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Complex disturbances in hemostasis characterise @entity5 . Defect of primary hemostasis is a common cause of @entity3 complications. The @entity8 ( @entity8 ), by itself, influences platelet function (the key part of primary hemostasis) which is compromised after the procedure. Many functional defects of thrombocytes have been described in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 ; one of them is adhesion defect where the pivotal role plays the complex of glycoprotein Ib (GP Ib) and IX. The aim of the study was to determine the extent of activation, reactivity of platelets and expression of GP Ib in @entity2 @entity0 . The flow cytometry method was used, and @entity4 was used for stimulation of thrombocytes. Membrane expression of GP Ib and @entity7 was assessed in 14 hemodialysed @entity0 before and after stimulation with @entity4 , before and after @entity8 and in 10 healthy @entity0 . The @entity0 group had lower expression of GP Ib on resting platelets and significantly lower expression of @entity7 after stimulation with @entity4 when compared to the control group. After @entity8 , thrombocytes had much lower expression of GP Ib; however there was no difference in expression of @entity7 when compared to the state before @entity8 . A lower reduction of GP Ib expression after stimulation with @entity4 was observed after and before @entity8 . On the basis of the results the following conclusions may be drawn: hemo-dialysed @entity2 @entity0 have lower expression of platelet GP Ib and reactivity of thrombocytes; the @entity8 results in further @entity1 in expression of GP Ib and reactivity of thrombocytes. It is plausible that @entity6 (NO) released during @entity8 modulates the expression of @entity7 , but it remains to be confirmed.

title: [Influence of hemodialysis on expression of glycoprotein lb platelets reactivity in @entity0 with the XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Complex disturbances in hemostasis characterise @entity5 . Defect of primary hemostasis is a common cause of @entity3 complications. The @entity8 ( @entity8 ), by itself, influences platelet function (the key part of primary hemostasis) which is compromised after the procedure. Many functional defects of thrombocytes have been described in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 ; one of them is adhesion defect where the pivotal role plays the complex of glycoprotein Ib (GP Ib) and IX. The aim of the study was to determine the extent of activation, reactivity of platelets and expression of GP Ib in @entity2 @entity0 . The flow cytometry method was used, and @entity4 was used for stimulation of thrombocytes. Membrane expression of GP Ib and @entity7 was assessed in 14 hemodialysed @entity0 before and after stimulation with @entity4 , before and after @entity8 and in 10 healthy @entity0 . The @entity0 group had lower expression of GP Ib on resting platelets and significantly lower expression of @entity7 after stimulation with @entity4 when compared to the control group. After @entity8 , thrombocytes had much lower expression of GP Ib; however there was no difference in expression of @entity7 when compared to the state before @entity8 . A lower reduction of GP Ib expression after stimulation with @entity4 was observed after and before @entity8 . On the basis of the results the following conclusions may be drawn: hemo-dialysed @entity2 @entity0 have lower expression of platelet GP Ib and reactivity of thrombocytes; the @entity8 results in further @entity1 in expression of GP Ib and reactivity of thrombocytes. It is plausible that @entity6 (NO) released during @entity8 modulates the expression of @entity7 , but it remains to be confirmed.

title: [Influence of hemodialysis on expression of glycoprotein lb platelets reactivity in XXXX with the @entity2 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2 is one of the major components of health problems for soldiers either during war or peacetime. Despite increased numbers and scale of military missions, dermatological survey is limited. The aim of this study was to outline the dermatological profile in international peacekeepers in Lebanon and to explore the features of disease pattern. METHODS: The dermatological records of peacekeepers visiting a Chinese Level 2 hospital during a 7-year period were retrospectively assessed. Comparisons with previous reports of @entity2 in military personnel were performed. RESULTS: A total of 1658 @entity0 (91% @entity0 , with a mean age of 32   years) were included. More than half of them were Asian (62%). @entity6 and @entity4 (27%) was the leading category. @entity9 (13%), lichen simplex chronicus (9%), unspecified @entity6 (8%), @entity7 (7%) and @entity5 areata (5%) were the top five complaints. @entity6 and @entity1 appeared to be the most common condition in troops deployed in the Middle East, whereas @entity3 was highly prevalent in tropical regions. Additionally, a remarkably high rate of @entity5 areata was noted in two studies including ours. CONCLUSIONS: Environment, group living, occupational activities and work-related stress act as initiating and/or aggravating factors in the development and/or spread of some conditions. The knowledge of disease profile empowers doctors to enforce preventive measures and prepare for treatment modalities. In particular, the underlying @entity8 and @entity5 areata should be addressed appropriately.

title: XXXX in United Nations peacekeepers in Lebanon.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a botulinum toxin type A injection in both medial rectus muscles in @entity0 with partially accommodative @entity3 . Residual deviation and stability of strabismus were evaluated at 18 months follow up. METHOD: A prospective, analytical, quasi-experimental study was conducted on a cohort of 21 @entity0 who underwent total cycloplegic refraction and with a residual deviation of at least 14 DP. A botulinum toxin type A dose of 5 IU was injected into each medial rectus muscle for a residual deviation greater than 18 DP, with a dose of 2.5 IU being used for a deviation between 14 and 18 DP. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to relate residual deviation to variables recorded as potential predictors. RESULTS: A total of 21 @entity0 were included, 33.3% (n=7) males and 66.6% (n=14) females. Mean visual acuity was -.28  .25 logMAR for right eye (range 0 to -1) and -.42  .31 logMAR for left eye (range 0 to -1.3). Mean angle of residual deviation before application of botulinum toxin was 40.95  8.6DP without spectacles correction, and 22.3  7.99 DP with full cycloplegic refraction. Adverse effects were @entity2 in 14.2% (n=3), @entity1 23.8% (n=5), and vertical deviation in 33% (n=7). One @entity0 had a poor outcome, therefore required surgical treatment. At one year follow up, 85.71% of @entity0 showed good results with @entity3 of 12 DP or less, dropping to 71.43% at 18 months of follow up. CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin type A is an effective long-term treatment with a good response in 71.43% of @entity0 . No predictors of good response were demonstrated.

title: Botulinum toxin type A as treatment of partially accommodative XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate the targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform-Ion Torrent @entity5 for @entity3 exon 2 and expanded RAS mutations detection in @entity2 -fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) @entity1 ( @entity1 ) specimens, with comparison of Sanger sequencing and ARMS-Scorpion real-time PCR. SETTING: Beijing, China. @entity0 : 51 archived FFPE @entity1 samples (36 @entity0 , 15 @entity0 ) were retrospectively randomly selected and then checked by an experienced pathologist for sequencing based on histological confirmation of @entity1 and availability of sufficient tissue. METHODS: RAS mutations were detected in the 51 FFPE @entity1 samples by @entity5 analysis, Sanger sequencing and the Therascreen @entity3 assay, respectively. Agreement among the 3 methods was assessed. Assay sensitivity was further determined by sequencing serially diluted DNA from FFPE cell lines with known mutation statuses. RESULTS: 13 of 51 (25.5%) cases had a mutation in @entity3 exon 2, as determined by @entity5 analysis. @entity5 analysis showed 100% (51/51) concordance with Sanger sequencing (k=1.000, 95% CI 1 to 1) and 98.04% (50/51) agreement with the Therascreen assay (k=0.947, 95% CI 0.844 to 1) for detecting @entity3 exon 2 mutations, respectively. The only discrepant case harboured a @entity3 exon 2 mutation ( @entity4 ) that was not covered by the Therascreen kit. The dilution series experiment results showed that @entity5 was able to detect @entity3 mutations at a frequency of as low as 1%. Importantly, RAS mutations other than @entity3 exon 2 mutations were also detected in 10 samples by @entity5 . Furthermore, mutations in other @entity1 -related genes could be simultaneously detected in a single test by @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The targeted NGS platform is specific and sensitive for @entity3 exon 2 mutation detection and is appropriate for use in routine clinical testing. Moreover, it is sample saving and cost-efficient and time-efficient, and has great potential for clinical application to expand testing to include mutations in RAS and other @entity1 -related genes.

title: Validation of targeted next-generation sequencing for RAS mutation detection in FFPE XXXX tissues: comparison with Sanger sequencing and ARMS-Scorpion real-time PCR.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 is one of the most frequent pathologies with high invalidating potential and a leading cause of @entity4 . The brain tissue adjacent to the central necrotic core, defined as penumbra, was extensively characterized mostly by imaging techniques and in animal models. Our goal was to identify a large panel of molecules in this particular area on @entity0 brains harvested at autopsy. Twenty-one @entity0 with @entity6 and seven control cases were taken into study. We used immunohistochemistry to characterize @entity2 . Metalloproteinases, mostly @entity8 , seem to be involved in @entity9 , but as a protective and not as a deleterious factor. Apoptotic molecules are not increasingly expressed in @entity3 compared to control cases. Mast cell enzymes chymase and tryptase are described for the first time in neurons and glia, even with unclear significance. Microglia appears active in @entity3 and stimulating methods directed to it could be useful. @entity7 synthases and @entity10 were also involved in @entity3 cases but not in control ones. Other factors as @entity1 and its receptors, PDGF, b-FGF or @entity5 showed no significant expression related to @entity9 . Animal study of penumbra and @entity0 tissue findings are distinct and research should be focused on the latter approach in order to find valuable and safe therapeutic methods.

title: Clinico-pathological correlations in fatal XXXX . An immunohistochemical study of @entity0 brain penumbra.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 is one of the most frequent pathologies with high invalidating potential and a leading cause of @entity4 . The brain tissue adjacent to the central necrotic core, defined as penumbra, was extensively characterized mostly by imaging techniques and in animal models. Our goal was to identify a large panel of molecules in this particular area on @entity0 brains harvested at autopsy. Twenty-one @entity0 with @entity6 and seven control cases were taken into study. We used immunohistochemistry to characterize @entity2 . Metalloproteinases, mostly @entity8 , seem to be involved in @entity9 , but as a protective and not as a deleterious factor. Apoptotic molecules are not increasingly expressed in @entity3 compared to control cases. Mast cell enzymes chymase and tryptase are described for the first time in neurons and glia, even with unclear significance. Microglia appears active in @entity3 and stimulating methods directed to it could be useful. @entity7 synthases and @entity10 were also involved in @entity3 cases but not in control ones. Other factors as @entity1 and its receptors, PDGF, b-FGF or @entity5 showed no significant expression related to @entity9 . Animal study of penumbra and @entity0 tissue findings are distinct and research should be focused on the latter approach in order to find valuable and safe therapeutic methods.

title: Clinico-pathological correlations in fatal @entity6 . An immunohistochemical study of XXXX brain penumbra.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Older @entity0 are often especially susceptible to @entity1 and bacteria may develop resistance to antibiotics quicker in the elderly, whose immune systems gradually diminish. This study analyses, retrospectively, resistance to antibiotics in high-risk elderly @entity0 with fatal @entity1 . Records of all @entity0 aged over 65 who did not survive a bout with @entity1 were gathered from the records of the Department of Pneumology of @entity11 Clinic in Wuppertal, Germany from the period of 2004-2014. Susceptibility testing was executed for the study population, whose @entity1 was triggered by various kinds of bacteria. We detected 936 @entity1 @entity0 of the overall mean age of 68.0        13.6  years, with the following @entity1 types: 461 (49.3  %) community-acquired, 354 (37.8  %) nosocomial-acquired, and 121 (12.9  %) @entity2 . There were 631 (67.4  %) males and 305 (32.6  %) females there. We identified 672 (71.8  %) @entity0 who had a high risk for @entity1 , especially @entity7 (p   <   0.0001). The elderly @entity0 had a higher risk of dying from @entity1 (2.9 odds ratio, 95  % confidence interval 1.8-4.6; p   <   0.0001); of the 185 @entity1 -related deaths, 163 (88.1  %) were in the elderly. In those with @entity7 , a high antibiotic resistance rate was found for @entity5 - @entity10 (p   =   0.044), @entity3 (p   =   0.026), @entity9 (p   =   0.043), @entity8 (p   =   0.018), @entity4 (p   =   0.004), and @entity6 (p   =   0.025). We conclude that elderly @entity0 with @entity7 show resistance to common antibiotics. However, no significant antibiotic resistance could be ascribed for other types of @entity1 in these @entity0 .

title: Growing Antibiotic Resistance in Fatal Cases of XXXX in the Elderly.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The internal defense mechanism of the snail @entity1 during a schistosome infection is activated and mediated via the immune effector cells known as hemocytes. Since resistance and susceptibility to schistosome infection is known to be genetically determined, our interest was to use the EST approach as a gene discovery tool to examine transcription profiles in hemocytes of resistant snails pre- and post-exposure to @entity0 . Comparative analysis of the transcripts suggested that parasite exposure caused an active metabolic response in the hemocytes. The most abundant transcripts were those showing 23-74% similarity to known @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Further characterization by @entity2 -PCR indicated the @entity2 transcripts were expressed in normal snails, parasite exposed snails, and the embryonic cell line Bge. To determine whether the occurrence of @entity2 transcripts correlates to the presence of functional enzyme activity in the snails, @entity2 assays were performed from both resistant and susceptible snails, pre- and post-exposure to miracidia, using protein extracts from the head-foot and posterior region tissues. Results indicated that in the resistant snail, @entity2 activity was greater in the posterior region than in the head-foot. After exposure, however, @entity2 activity increased dramatically in the head-foot, with peak activity at 24 h post-exposure. The detection of @entity2 activity in @entity1 was unexpected and the role of this enzyme in the hemocyte-mediated killing of parasites is not yet known. However, identification of this and other transcripts from these cells by the EST approach provides a useful resource towards elucidating the molecular basis of resistance/susceptibility in this snail-host parasite relationship.

title: Comparative gene analysis of XXXX hemocytes pre- and post-exposure to miracidia of @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The internal defense mechanism of the snail @entity1 during a schistosome infection is activated and mediated via the immune effector cells known as hemocytes. Since resistance and susceptibility to schistosome infection is known to be genetically determined, our interest was to use the EST approach as a gene discovery tool to examine transcription profiles in hemocytes of resistant snails pre- and post-exposure to @entity0 . Comparative analysis of the transcripts suggested that parasite exposure caused an active metabolic response in the hemocytes. The most abundant transcripts were those showing 23-74% similarity to known @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Further characterization by @entity2 -PCR indicated the @entity2 transcripts were expressed in normal snails, parasite exposed snails, and the embryonic cell line Bge. To determine whether the occurrence of @entity2 transcripts correlates to the presence of functional enzyme activity in the snails, @entity2 assays were performed from both resistant and susceptible snails, pre- and post-exposure to miracidia, using protein extracts from the head-foot and posterior region tissues. Results indicated that in the resistant snail, @entity2 activity was greater in the posterior region than in the head-foot. After exposure, however, @entity2 activity increased dramatically in the head-foot, with peak activity at 24 h post-exposure. The detection of @entity2 activity in @entity1 was unexpected and the role of this enzyme in the hemocyte-mediated killing of parasites is not yet known. However, identification of this and other transcripts from these cells by the EST approach provides a useful resource towards elucidating the molecular basis of resistance/susceptibility in this snail-host parasite relationship.

title: Comparative gene analysis of @entity1 hemocytes pre- and post-exposure to miracidia of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Aortic depressor nerve discharge (AND), lumbar @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and single-unit activity of medullospinal pressure-sensitive neurons of nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGCL neurons) were recorded in @entity3 -anesthetized 16-wk-old spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHRs) and normotensive @entity0 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity0 . The relationship between these variables and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was investigated. The gain of baroreceptor afferents was not significantly different between the strains, but corner MAP (intersection between linear ascending portion of curve and noise) was 38 mmHg higher in SHRs. The relationship between @entity4 and MAP and that between PGCL neuronal activity and MAP were both characterized by a plateau (maximal activity) at low MAP followed by a linear reduction reaching zero at a level called cutoff MAP. The theoretical intersection between the plateau and the linear decremental portion of these curves was defined as a corner MAP. Values of corner MAP determined at the three levels (AND, @entity4 , PGCL) were identical in a given strain and reset by a common value in SHRs (38-40 mmHg). The gain of baroreceptor reflex measured at all three sites as the slope of the linear incremental (AND) or decremental (PGCL and sympathetic chain) portion of the activity-MAP relationship was the same in WKY @entity0 and in SHRs. @entity2 measured in PGCL was identical to that measured in peripheral sympathetic system for a given strain. There was no significant difference in maximal discharge rate of PGCL neurons nor in lumbar @entity4 and no interstrain difference in the proportion of @entity4 that was suppressible by arterial baroreceptor feedback.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Medullospinal sympathoexcitatory neurons in normotensive and spontaneously XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Aortic depressor nerve discharge (AND), lumbar @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and single-unit activity of medullospinal pressure-sensitive neurons of nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGCL neurons) were recorded in @entity3 -anesthetized 16-wk-old spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHRs) and normotensive @entity0 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity0 . The relationship between these variables and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was investigated. The gain of baroreceptor afferents was not significantly different between the strains, but corner MAP (intersection between linear ascending portion of curve and noise) was 38 mmHg higher in SHRs. The relationship between @entity4 and MAP and that between PGCL neuronal activity and MAP were both characterized by a plateau (maximal activity) at low MAP followed by a linear reduction reaching zero at a level called cutoff MAP. The theoretical intersection between the plateau and the linear decremental portion of these curves was defined as a corner MAP. Values of corner MAP determined at the three levels (AND, @entity4 , PGCL) were identical in a given strain and reset by a common value in SHRs (38-40 mmHg). The gain of baroreceptor reflex measured at all three sites as the slope of the linear incremental (AND) or decremental (PGCL and sympathetic chain) portion of the activity-MAP relationship was the same in WKY @entity0 and in SHRs. @entity2 measured in PGCL was identical to that measured in peripheral sympathetic system for a given strain. There was no significant difference in maximal discharge rate of PGCL neurons nor in lumbar @entity4 and no interstrain difference in the proportion of @entity4 that was suppressible by arterial baroreceptor feedback.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Medullospinal sympathoexcitatory neurons in normotensive and spontaneously @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 has three membrane-located cytokinin receptors ( @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity6 / @entity6 ), which are sensor @entity2 kinases containing a ligand-binding CHASE domain. Despite their structural similarity the role of these receptors differs in planta. Here we have explored which parameters contribute to signal specification. In a bacterial assay, the CHASE domain of @entity4 has a similar ligand binding spectrum as @entity6 / @entity6 . It shows the highest affinity for @entity3 (iP) and @entity8 (tZ) with an apparent K(D) of 1.4 and 4.0   nm, respectively. Real-time PCR analysis of cytokinin primary response genes in double mutants retaining only single receptors revealed that all receptors are activated in planta by cytokinin concentrations in the @entity0 . However, there are differences in sensitivity towards the principal cytokinins iP and tZ. The activation of the cytokinin-sensitive P( @entity7 ) :GUS reporter gene in three different double mutants shows specific, but also overlapping, spatial domains of activity, which were for all receptors predominantly in the shoot apical meristems and root cap columella. @entity4 and @entity5 signal specifically in leaf parenchyma cells, @entity5 in stomata cells, and @entity6 / @entity6 in the root vasculature. Promoter-swap experiments demonstrate that @entity6 / @entity6 can functionally replace @entity4 but not @entity5 . However, the cytoplasmic @entity5 @entity2 kinase (Hk) domain can be replaced by the @entity6 / @entity6 Hk domain, which suggests that functionality is mediated in this case by the extracytosolic domain. Together, the data show that both differential gene expression and ligand preference contribute to specify the receptor activity.

title: The specificity of cytokinin signalling in XXXX is mediated by differing ligand affinities and expression profiles of the receptors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Right hemisphere dominance in face processing is well established and unilateral right inferior temporo-occipital damage can result in @entity4 . Here, we describe a 21-year-old right-handed @entity0 with @entity2 in face recognition that selectively concerned unfamiliar faces, following a focal left lateral temporo-occipital @entity3 . She was severely impaired in discerning that unknown @entity0 seen in everyday life were unfamiliar, although she had no difficulty recognizing familiar @entity0 . Thus, she had no @entity4 , but abnormal 'hyperfamiliarity' for unknown faces. Her difficulty was not accompanied by @entity1 in discrimination, identification or memory for faces. Standard neuropsychological testing showed that her recognition of familiar faces was entirely normal. By contrast, her sense of personally knowing faces was severely impaired when unknown faces evoked weak signals of familiarity based on spurious cues, to the extent that she would misattribute fame to faces that were unknown but to which she had been incidentally exposed on a prior occasion. Priming experiments also revealed that, unlike normal subjects, she made familiarity judgements without accessing semantic identity representations. Moreover, in face recognition tests, she generally showed bias in that she relied more on right-hemisphere strategies to identify global traits and less on left-hemisphere processes compared with healthy subjects. This case provides novel evidence for a differential contribution of the two hemispheres to face recognition. Hyperfamiliarity for unknown faces might arise from an imbalance between reciprocal hemispheric functions in face recognition, with relative hypoactivation of left hemisphere processes but hyperactivation of right-hemisphere processes for retrieving stored associations about @entity0 , linking seen faces to representations of affective and personal relevance. Hence, abnormal bias in attributing some personal meaning to unknown faces could be evoked by spurious signals of familiarity based on irrelevant affective associations in the right hemisphere.

title: Hyperfamiliarity for unknown faces after left lateral temporo-occipital XXXX : a double dissociation with @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Right hemisphere dominance in face processing is well established and unilateral right inferior temporo-occipital damage can result in @entity4 . Here, we describe a 21-year-old right-handed @entity0 with @entity2 in face recognition that selectively concerned unfamiliar faces, following a focal left lateral temporo-occipital @entity3 . She was severely impaired in discerning that unknown @entity0 seen in everyday life were unfamiliar, although she had no difficulty recognizing familiar @entity0 . Thus, she had no @entity4 , but abnormal 'hyperfamiliarity' for unknown faces. Her difficulty was not accompanied by @entity1 in discrimination, identification or memory for faces. Standard neuropsychological testing showed that her recognition of familiar faces was entirely normal. By contrast, her sense of personally knowing faces was severely impaired when unknown faces evoked weak signals of familiarity based on spurious cues, to the extent that she would misattribute fame to faces that were unknown but to which she had been incidentally exposed on a prior occasion. Priming experiments also revealed that, unlike normal subjects, she made familiarity judgements without accessing semantic identity representations. Moreover, in face recognition tests, she generally showed bias in that she relied more on right-hemisphere strategies to identify global traits and less on left-hemisphere processes compared with healthy subjects. This case provides novel evidence for a differential contribution of the two hemispheres to face recognition. Hyperfamiliarity for unknown faces might arise from an imbalance between reciprocal hemispheric functions in face recognition, with relative hypoactivation of left hemisphere processes but hyperactivation of right-hemisphere processes for retrieving stored associations about @entity0 , linking seen faces to representations of affective and personal relevance. Hence, abnormal bias in attributing some personal meaning to unknown faces could be evoked by spurious signals of familiarity based on irrelevant affective associations in the right hemisphere.

title: Hyperfamiliarity for unknown faces after left lateral temporo-occipital @entity3 : a double dissociation with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fractures of the distal radius represent the most common @entity2 in elderly @entity0 , and often indicate the onset of symptomatic @entity1 . A variety of treatment options is available, including closed reduction and plaster casting, K-wire-stabilization, external fixation and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with @entity3 plating. The latter is widely promoted by clinicians and hardware manufacturers. Closed reduction and cast stabilization for six weeks is a simple, convenient, and ubiquitously available intervention. In contrast, ORIF requires hospitalization, but allows for functional rehabilitation.Given the lack of randomized controlled trials, it remains unclear whether ORIF leads to better functional outcomes one year after injury than closed reduction and casting. METHODS/DESIGN: ORCHID (Open reduction and internal fixation versus casting for highly comminuted @entity4 of the distal radius) is a pragmatic, randomized, multi-center, clinical trial with two parallel treatment arms. It is planned to include 504 @entity0 in 15 participating centers throughout Germany over a three-year period. @entity0 are allocated by a central web-based randomization tool.The primary objective is to determine differences in the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Physical Component Score (PCS) between @entity3 plating and closed reduction and casting of intraarticular, comminuted distal radius fractures in @entity0 > 65 years of age one year after the @entity2 . Secondary outcomes include differences in other SF-36 dimensions, the EuroQol-5D questionnaire, the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) instrument. Also, the range of motion in the affected wrist, activities of daily living, complications (including secondary ORIF and revision surgery), as well as serious adverse events will be assessed. Data obtained during the trial will be used for later health-economic evaluations. The trial architecture involves a central statistical unit, an independent monitoring institute, and a data safety monitoring board. Following approval by the institutional review boards of all participating centers, conduct and reporting will strictly adhere to national and international rules, regulations, and recommendations (e.g., Good Clinical Practice, data safety laws, and EQUATOR/CONSORT proposals). DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, ORCHID is the first multicenter RCT designed to assess quality of life and functional outcomes following operative treatment compared to conservative treatment of complex, @entity4 of the distal radius in elderly @entity0 . The results are expected to influence future treatment recommendations and policies on an international level. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN: ISRCTN76120052 Registration date: 31.07.2008; Randomization of first @entity0 : 15.09.2008.

title: Open reduction and internal fixation versus casting for highly comminuted and XXXX of the distal radius (ORCHID): protocol for a randomized clinical multi-center trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Weight misperception might preclude the adoption of healthful weight-related attitudes and behaviors among overweight and @entity1 individuals, yet limited research exists in this area. We examined associations between weight misperception and several weight-related attitudes and behaviors among a nationally representative sample of overweight and @entity1 US adults. METHODS: Data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. Analyses included non-pregnant, overweight and @entity1 (measured body mass index >=  25) adults aged 20 and older. Weight misperception was identified among those who reported themselves as "underweight" or "about the right weight". Outcome variables and sample sizes were: weight-loss attitudes/behaviors (wanting to weigh less and having tried to lose weight; n = 4,784); dietary intake (total energy intake; n=4,894); and physical activity (meets 2008 US physical activity recommendations, insufficiently active, and sedentary; n=5,401). Multivariable regression models were stratified by gender and race/ethnicity. Analyses were conducted in 2009-2010. RESULTS: These overweight/ @entity1 @entity0 and @entity0 who misperceived their weight were 71% (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.25-0.34) and 65% (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.29-0.42) less likely to report that they want to lose weight and 60% (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.30-0.52) and 56% (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.32-0.59) less likely to have tried to lose weight within the past year, respectively, compared to those who accurately perceived themselves as overweight. Blacks were particularly less likely to have tried to lose weight. Weight misperception was not a significant predictor of total energy intake among most subgroups, but was associated with lower total energy intake among Hispanic @entity0 (change -252.72, 95% CI -433.25, -72.18). @entity0 who misperceived their weight were less likely (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52-0.89) to be insufficiently active (the strongest results were among Black @entity0 ) and @entity0 who misperceived their weight were less likely (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.54, 1.00, p=0.047) to meet activity recommendations compared to being sedentary. CONCLUSION: Overall, weight misperception among overweight and @entity1 adults was associated with less likelihood of interest in or attempts at @entity2 and less physical activity. These associations varied by gender and race/ethnicity. This study highlights the importance of focusing on inaccurate weight perceptions in targeted @entity2 efforts.

title: Does perception equal reality? Weight misperception in relation to weight-related attitudes and behaviors among overweight and XXXX US adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of serum Clara cell secretory protein 10 ( @entity1 ) and total IgE concentration in wheezing @entity0 under 5 years old. METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity0 with recurrent wheezing under 5 years old were classified into two groups: wheezing group 1 with atopic high risks (n=33) and wheezing group 2 without atopic high risks (n=26). Twenty-three @entity0 without infectious diseases served as a control group. Serum levels of @entity1 and IgE were measured using a solid-phase sandwich ELISA. RESULTS: The serum levels of @entity1 in wheezing group 1 (3.95    1.26 ng/mL) and wheezing group 2 (5.41    1.64 ng/mL) were significantly lower than those in the control group (8.72    2.23 ng/mL; P<0.01). The wheezing group 1 showed more decreased serum levels of @entity1 compared with wheezing group 2 (P<0.05). The serum IgE levels in wheezing group 1 were significantly higher than those in wheezing group 2 and the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum IgE levels between the wheezing group 2 and control group. There was a negative correlation between serum levels of @entity1 and IgE in wheezing group 1 (r=-0.912, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity1 levels decrease remarkably in wheezing @entity0 , and more significant decrease is noted in @entity0 with atopic high risks. Serum @entity1 levels are negatively correlated to serum IgE levels in @entity0 with atopic high risks.

title: [Expression of serum Clara cell secretory protein 10 in wheezing XXXX under 5 years old].

answer: @entity0


abstract: To study the molecular mechanisms by which drug resistance develops, we compared DU145 humanprostate @entity0 cells with a subline selected for resistance to @entity12 . Differences in gene expression level were assessed by hybridizing the two cell types against each other using quadruplicate "Oncochip" cDNA microarrays that included 1648 @entity0 -related genes. Expression levels differing by a factor of >1.5 were detected for 181 of the genes. These differences were judged statistically reliable on the basis of a stratum-adjusted Kruskal-Wallis test, after taking into account a dye-dependent variable. The 181 expression-altered genes included a larger than expected number of the "apoptosis-related" genes (P = 0.04). To assess whether this observation reflected a generalized resistance of RCO.1 to apoptosis, we exposed the cells to a range of stresses ( @entity5 , @entity4 , UV, ionizing radiation, and serum starvation) and found greatly reduced apoptotic responses for RC0.1 (relative to DU145) using flow cytometric @entity10 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assays. We next examined the apoptosis-related genes in the context of a molecular interaction map and found expression differences in the direction "expected" on the basis of the apoptosis-resistance of RC0.1 for @entity6 , @entity11 , and genes that signal via the Akt pathway. Exposure of the cells to @entity7 , an inhibitor of the Akt effector @entity9 3-kinase, provided functional support for involvement of the Akt pathway. However, closer examination of the molecular interaction map revealed a paradox: many of the expression differences observed for apoptosis-related genes were in the direction "contrary" to that expected given the resistance of RC0.1. The map indicated that most of these unexpected expression differences were associated with genes involved in the @entity8 pathways. Overall, the patterns that emerged suggested a two-step model for the selection process that led to resistance in RC0.1 cells. The first hypothesized step would involve a decrease in apoptotic susceptibility through changes in the apoptosis-control machinery associated with the @entity3 and caspase gene families, and also in antiapoptotic pathways operating through @entity2 . The second step would involve changes in multifunctional upstream genes (including some genes in the nuclear factor kappa B and @entity8 pathways) that can facilitate apoptosis but that would also tend to contribute to cell proliferation in the presence of drug. Thus, we propose that a downstream blockade of apoptosis was "permissive" for the selection of upstream pathway changes that would otherwise have induced apoptosis. This model is analogous to one suggested previously for the relationship between oncogene function and apoptosis in @entity1 .

title: Apoptotic susceptibility of XXXX cells selected for @entity12 resistance: gene expression profiling, functional analysis, and molecular interaction mapping.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To study the molecular mechanisms by which drug resistance develops, we compared DU145 humanprostate @entity0 cells with a subline selected for resistance to @entity12 . Differences in gene expression level were assessed by hybridizing the two cell types against each other using quadruplicate "Oncochip" cDNA microarrays that included 1648 @entity0 -related genes. Expression levels differing by a factor of >1.5 were detected for 181 of the genes. These differences were judged statistically reliable on the basis of a stratum-adjusted Kruskal-Wallis test, after taking into account a dye-dependent variable. The 181 expression-altered genes included a larger than expected number of the "apoptosis-related" genes (P = 0.04). To assess whether this observation reflected a generalized resistance of RCO.1 to apoptosis, we exposed the cells to a range of stresses ( @entity5 , @entity4 , UV, ionizing radiation, and serum starvation) and found greatly reduced apoptotic responses for RC0.1 (relative to DU145) using flow cytometric @entity10 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assays. We next examined the apoptosis-related genes in the context of a molecular interaction map and found expression differences in the direction "expected" on the basis of the apoptosis-resistance of RC0.1 for @entity6 , @entity11 , and genes that signal via the Akt pathway. Exposure of the cells to @entity7 , an inhibitor of the Akt effector @entity9 3-kinase, provided functional support for involvement of the Akt pathway. However, closer examination of the molecular interaction map revealed a paradox: many of the expression differences observed for apoptosis-related genes were in the direction "contrary" to that expected given the resistance of RC0.1. The map indicated that most of these unexpected expression differences were associated with genes involved in the @entity8 pathways. Overall, the patterns that emerged suggested a two-step model for the selection process that led to resistance in RC0.1 cells. The first hypothesized step would involve a decrease in apoptotic susceptibility through changes in the apoptosis-control machinery associated with the @entity3 and caspase gene families, and also in antiapoptotic pathways operating through @entity2 . The second step would involve changes in multifunctional upstream genes (including some genes in the nuclear factor kappa B and @entity8 pathways) that can facilitate apoptosis but that would also tend to contribute to cell proliferation in the presence of drug. Thus, we propose that a downstream blockade of apoptosis was "permissive" for the selection of upstream pathway changes that would otherwise have induced apoptosis. This model is analogous to one suggested previously for the relationship between oncogene function and apoptosis in @entity1 .

title: Apoptotic susceptibility of @entity0 cells selected for XXXX resistance: gene expression profiling, functional analysis, and molecular interaction mapping.

answer: @entity12


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To construct double gene deletions at the htrA and clpP loci on the chromosome of @entity1 (Sm) and to remove the antibiotic resistance markers with the Cre-loxP(*) site-specific recombination system. METHODS: The htrA gene was cloned into the pGEM-T-Easy TA cloning vector and then inactivated via the insertion of a @entity3 resistance cassette (lox71-Km-lox66), yielding pGEM-T-/\htrA/Km for deleting the htrA gene. Using the same method, the pGEM-T-/\clpP/Sp was constructed for deleting the clpP gene. Following the transformation of pGEM-T-/\htrA/Km in Sm, the homologous recombination event was selected. One such mutant was transformed with a cre expression plasmid (pCrePA). The @entity3 resistance gene was then excised. The pCrePA was then easily eliminated at nonpermissive temperatures, resulting in a mutant strain ( @entity0 /\htrA) carrying a deletion at the htrA loci without a selectable marker. This mutant was verified by PCR and DNA sequencing. Then, the clpP and @entity2 resistance gene were deleted from @entity0 /\htrA, yielding markerless mutant strain lacking clpP and htrA. RESULTS: The deletion of htrA, clpP and antibiotic resistance markers were confirmed by PCR analysis and DNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: A mutant of Sm was constructed successfully which contained a deletion of the htrA and clpP gene without selectable marker. The Cre-loxP(*) system can be applied to Sm, which provides experimental evidence for generating markerless multiple gene deletion mutants.

title: [Application of Cre-loxP(*) system in constructing the markerless double-gene-deletion strain in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: We measured response to 250 micrograms @entity3 in 985 @entity0 with @entity1 who were carefully studied and followed closely for nearly 3 yr. Response was quantitated in relative (% increase in FEV1) and absolute (change in FEV1 as a % predicted normal) terms. @entity0 were told to abstain from bronchodilator for 6 h before testing, and responses were larger in those who said they had done this. Responses were not related to blood @entity2 concentrations. In @entity0 who had abstained for 6 h, response averaged 15% of the baseline FEV1 or 5% of the predicted normal FEV1. Relative response was inversely proportional to baseline FEV1, whereas absolute response was directly related to baseline FEV1. Responses were positively related to symptomatic wheezing and exercise capacity, and negatively to smoking history, but these features accounted for little of the observed variation in response. @entity0 with large relative and absolute responses demonstrated increased variability of FEV1 with time and a decreased annual rate of decline of FEV1. There was little change in response with time, and the change observed could probably be explained by a gradual decrease in FEV1. However, time-related interindividual and intraindividual variations of response were large and impossible to separate from random variations of FEV1.

title: Bronchodilator response in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The machinery of peptidoglycan biosynthesis is an ideal site at which to look for novel antimicrobial targets. Phage display was used to develop novel peptide inhibitors for MurC, an essential enzyme involved in the early steps of biosynthesis of peptidoglycan monomer. METHODS: We cloned and overexpressed the murA, -B and -C genes from @entity1 in the pET expression vector, adding a His-tag to their C termini. The three proteins were overproduced in @entity0 and purified to homogeneity in milligram quantities. MurA and -B were combinatorially used to synthesize the MurC substrate @entity3 - @entity5 , the identity of which was confirmed by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Two phage-display libraries were screened against MurC in order to identify peptide ligands to the enzyme. RESULTS: Three rounds of biopanning were carried out, successively increasing elution specificity from round 1 to 3. The third round was accomplished with both non-specific elution and competitive elution with each of the three MurC substrates, @entity3 - @entity6 (UNAM), @entity2 and @entity4 . The DNA of 10 phage, selected randomly from each group, was extracted and sequenced, and consensus peptide sequences were elucidated. Peptides were synthesized and tested for inhibition of the MurC-catalysed reaction, and two peptides were shown to be inhibitors of MurC activity with IC(50)s of 1.5 and 0.9 mM, respectively. CONCLUSION: The powerful selection technique of phage display allowed us to identify two peptide inhibitors of the essential bacterial enzyme MurC. The peptide sequences represent the basis for the synthesis of inhibitory peptidomimetic molecules.

title: Identification of novel inhibitors of XXXX MurC enzyme derived from phage-displayed peptide libraries.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Compare the change of pre- and post-operative posterior corneal curvature measurements in peripheral fitting zones using the Orbscan II topographer in @entity0 undergoing myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). To establish a new ratio of the anterior and posterior corneal curvature for the calculation of preoperative total corneal power using postoperative corneal data alone in @entity0 after LASIK. METHODS: Retrospectively analyzed the changes of posterior corneal curvature in peripheral 7 to 10 mm fitting zones in 151 right eyes (151 individuals) 3 month after LASIK as measured by Orbscan II. The new ratio between the anterior and posterior corneal curvature was measured. The new ratio was used to estimate pre-operative total corneal refractive power in 30 eyes. The estimated total corneal refractive power was compared with the value measured from Orbscan II preoperatively. The accuracy of intraocular lens power estimated in 2 cases underwent @entity1 surgery after corneal refractive surgery was studied. RESULTS: The mean difference in estimated pre- and post-operative power of the posterior @entity2 was (-0.005    0.154) mm (t = 0.417, P = 0.677). The ratio between the preoperative anterior central (0 - 7 mm) corneal curvature and the posterior peripheral (7 to 10 mm) corneal curvature was 1.167    0.030. Estimated mean pre-operative total corneal power was (43.49    1.79) D, whereas the value measuring from Orbscan II preoperatively was (43.77    1.53) D. The mean difference between these two measurements was (-0.28    1.00) D (t = -1.523, P = 0.139). The spherical equivalent refraction after @entity1 extraction of the two cases undertaken @entity1 surgery after corneal refractive surgery was 0.54 D and 0.69 D, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in posterior corneal curvature measurement following myopic LASIK using the peripheral fitting zone with the Orbscan II, as compared to the preoperative values, is clinically insignificant. The pre-LASIK corneal power can be estimated using post-LASIK data together with the new calculated ratio. This will be useful in post-LASIK @entity0 requiring @entity1 surgery but without the availability of pre-LASIK corneal data for the estimation of the intraocular lens power.

title: [Estimation of preoperative corneal power in XXXX with myopic LASIK based on postoperative corneal data measured from Orbscan II].

answer: @entity0