abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 and @entity6 are @entity5 with similar CNS inflammatory and neurodegenerative characteristics. Our aim was to investigate white matter tract changes and their association with cognitive function in @entity0 with @entity1 and those with @entity6 compared with healthy controls by using diffusion tensor imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with relapsing-remitting @entity1 and 23 @entity0 with @entity6 matched for disease severity and duration and 43 healthy controls were scanned with 3T MR imaging. The DTI was postprocessed, corrected for lesions, and analyzed with tract-based spatial statistics. Cognitive assessment included examination of processing speed; @entity3 ; and sustained attention and executive function. Differences were considered significant at P < .05. RESULTS: Tract-based spatial statistics analysis revealed significantly decreased fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity in @entity0 with @entity1 compared with healthy controls, decreased fractional anisotropy in @entity0 with @entity1 compared with those with @entity6 , and an increased mean diffusivity in @entity0 with @entity6 compared with healthy controls. @entity0 with @entity1 showed decreased fractional anisotropy throughout central WM pathways, including the corpus callosum and the inferior @entity4 compared with those with @entity6 . Altered cognitive scores in @entity0 with @entity1 were significantly associated with decreased fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity in all examined domains, while in @entity0 with diffuse @entity6 , only decreased fractional anisotropy in the superior WM pathways showed significant association with executive function. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity6 showed widespread WM tract alterations outside overt lesions, though more severe changes were identified in @entity0 with @entity1 . The WM tract changes were associated with @entity2 in all explored domains only in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Cognitive and White Matter Tract Differences in @entity1 and Diffuse XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The efficacy of causing @entity2 was compared among denervation, arthrodesis and tenotomy in @entity0 anterior tibial muscle. Reduction of wet weight was most pronounced in denervated muscle and least in arthrodesed muscle. Histochemical investigation by ATPase stain revealed that @entity1 of Type 1 and Type 2 fiber was more severe in denervated muscle group than in the other two groups. Type 2 fiber @entity1 was dominant in denervated muscle and in arthrodesed muscle. Type 1 fiber @entity1 was dominant in tenotomized muscle. The effect of electrostimulation on denervated muscle was investigated. Electrostimulation significantly reduced the degree of denervation @entity1 . Four weeks after severance of peroneal nerve, tibial nerve-crossing was done and electrostimulation was continued for eight weeks. Recovery of wet weight of re-innervated muscle with electrostimulation was significantly better than that without electrostimulation. Electrostimulation applied to denervated muscle reduced the progress of @entity1 and improved the recovery after nerve repair.

title: [An experimental study on denervated @entity2 --effect of electrostimulation and comparison with immobilization XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The efficacy of causing @entity2 was compared among denervation, arthrodesis and tenotomy in @entity0 anterior tibial muscle. Reduction of wet weight was most pronounced in denervated muscle and least in arthrodesed muscle. Histochemical investigation by ATPase stain revealed that @entity1 of Type 1 and Type 2 fiber was more severe in denervated muscle group than in the other two groups. Type 2 fiber @entity1 was dominant in denervated muscle and in arthrodesed muscle. Type 1 fiber @entity1 was dominant in tenotomized muscle. The effect of electrostimulation on denervated muscle was investigated. Electrostimulation significantly reduced the degree of denervation @entity1 . Four weeks after severance of peroneal nerve, tibial nerve-crossing was done and electrostimulation was continued for eight weeks. Recovery of wet weight of re-innervated muscle with electrostimulation was significantly better than that without electrostimulation. Electrostimulation applied to denervated muscle reduced the progress of @entity1 and improved the recovery after nerve repair.

title: [An experimental study on denervated XXXX --effect of electrostimulation and comparison with immobilization @entity2 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity0 surfeit locus is unusual in that it contains a number of closely clustered genes ( @entity3 ) that alternate in their direction of transcription (T. Williams, J. Yon, C. Huxley, and M. Fried, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3527-3530, 1988). The heterogeneous 5' ends of @entity4 and @entity5 are separated by 15 to 73 base pairs (bp), and the 3' ends of @entity5 and @entity6 overlap by 133 bp (T. Williams and M. Fried, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:4558-4569, 1986; T. Williams and M. Fried, Nature (London) 322:275-279, 1986). A fourth gene in this locus, @entity7 , which is a member of a multigene family, has been identified. The poly(A) addition site of @entity7 lies only 70 bp from the poly(A) addition site of @entity4 . Transcription of @entity7 has been studied in the absence of the other members of its multigene family after transfection of a cloned genomic @entity0 DNA fragment, containing the @entity7 gene, into heterologous monkey cells. @entity7 specifies a highly expressed 1.0-kilobase mRNA that contains a long open reading frame of 266 @entity2 , which would encode a highly basic polypeptide (23% @entity1 plus Lys). The other members of the @entity7 multigene family are predominantly, if not entirely, intronless pseudogenes with the hallmarks of being generated by reverse transcription. The role of the very tight clustering on regulation of expression of the genes in the surfeit locus is discussed.

title: One of the tightly clustered genes of the XXXX surfeit locus is a highly expressed member of a multigene family whose other members are predominantly processed pseudogenes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Serial left ventricular (LV) echocardiographic studies were performed in 21 @entity0 before and after aortic valve replacement for chronic @entity2 . The effect of valve replacement on LV dimensions, cross-sectional area of the LV muscle and LV function was determined from the echocardiographic data. The relation between degeneration of the myocardium and surgical outcome was also investigated. The average LV end-diastolic dimension decreased from 66.0 +/- 8.3 mm to 46.3 +/- 5.7 mm twelve months postoperatively. The average LV end-systolic dimension also fell from 43.4 +/- 8.1 mm to 31.1 +/- 5.0 mm. The muscle cross-sectional area decreased from 33.1 +/- 5.1 cm2 to 24.5 +/- 4.0 cm2, indicating a decrease in LV mass. The indices of contractility (fractional shortening, ejection fraction and mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening) had a tendency to decrease one month after surgery, but they subsequently increased to the normal level 12 months after surgery. Nineteen out of 21 @entity0 showed a favorable outcome as to the functional status. The remaining two @entity0 had a large LV dimension and subnormal contractility, and they failed to show a significant reduction in the follow-up period. The muscle score in the two @entity0 was greater than 8 points, which indicated irreversible @entity1 . @entity0 with persistent postoperative LV enlargement have a poor prognosis and should be identified so that aggressive medical treatment can be instituted.

title: Improvement of left ventricular function after surgical correction of chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The extremely high mortality rate of @entity1 requires every effort to avoid or decrease the incidence of @entity1 . In this paper the possibility of an immuno-prophylaxis of @entity2 is discussed. A study was undertaken, whether or not the incidence of @entity2 is decreased in @entity0 after the change of the status of immunity developed by typhus. In the years after the war (1945-1947) over 5400 @entity0 suffering from typhus had been reported in Vienna (according to the law in Austria) and about 600 died from this disease. In 1967 more than 2800 could be determined still alive and 535 had died in the meantime. The mortality rate of @entity1 was calculated and compared in age- und sex-adjusted groups with the relative @entity1 mortality rate of the whole population of Vienna in the average of the years 1959-1963. The statistical evaluation shows a lower @entity1 mortality of @entity0 suffering from typhus at an earlier time. This difference seems to be significant (chi 2test, p less than 0.05) in @entity0 of the age group 30-50 and in @entity0 35-65 years of age. Additionally in two regions of Austria (Ober  sterreich, Burgenland) similar observations were made, but with no statistical significance because of the small numbers. Some diagnostic insecurities during war time require the restriction of conclusions. On the basis of clinical observations and results from animal experiments the possibility of an immuno-prophylaxis of @entity2 by unspecific stimulation of the defensive mechanism is supposed, and a prospective study of volunteers, whose level of defense is kept optimal by adequate frequent repetition of the stimulation, is suggested. The incidence of @entity2 would have to be compared to a control group.

title: [Studies on the possibility of immunoprophylaxis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fifty-three @entity0 with primary @entity2 underwent total cystectomy during the past 10 years. Ages ranged from 32 to 87 years old, with an average of 68.2 years. Radical total cystectomy, including systemic lymphadenectomy was performed in 22 cases, simple total cystectomy in 8 cases and salvage total cystectomy in 23 cases. An ileal conduit was made for urinary diversion in 23 cases and the other 26 cases underwent cutaneous ureterostomy. Postoperative mortality was 9.4% (5 of 53 cases) and @entity3 were noted in 17 of the 53 cases (32.1%). The 5-year cumulative survival rate by the life table method for all the cases was 42.6%. The 5-year cumulative survival rate of radical total cystectomy cases was 67.8%, that of simple total cystectomy cases was 50.0% and that of salvage total cystectomy cases was 7.5%. A significant difference was seen between the first 2 groups and the last group. The 5-year cumulative survival rate of the @entity0 with low stage @entity1 (pTis, pTa, @entity5 and pT2) was 56.1% and that of the @entity0 with high stage @entity1 ( @entity4 , pT4) was 22.7%. A significant difference was observed between the two groups. The 5-year cumulative survival rate of the @entity0 with grades G1, G2 and G3 @entity1 was 66.7, 45.4 and 26.7% respectively. A significant difference was seen among the three grades.

title: [Clinical evaluation of total cystectomy for XXXX : a ten-year experience].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Two @entity0 with disseminated @entity9 are reported. One @entity0 presented with severe @entity5 and @entity3 . Histoplasmin skin test, blood and bone marrow cultures and smears, sputum cultures, and chest radiographs were negative for @entity8 . She died on the sixth hospital day from a massive @entity7 . Cardiorespiratory function was maintained until one kidney was removed for homotransplantation. The second @entity0 , with chronic @entity4 and @entity10 , received the renal homograft from the first @entity0 . Initial signs of homograft rejection developed five days postoperatively. Diffuse @entity5 occurred shortly thereafter. Spores of @entity8 were observed in blood smears, in leukocyte concentrates, and in five-day leukocyte cultures from the blood obtained prior to @entity1 . Disseminated @entity9 was found in both @entity0 at autopsy. The severe @entity6 in both cases suggests that systemic @entity9 should be considered as a cause of @entity5 .To our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of direct transmission of @entity8 , and must be considered a hazard in homotransplantation.In vitro leukocyte cultures as a method for early diagnosis of certain disseminated @entity2 needs further investigation.

title: XXXX and @entity5 : transmission by renal homotransplantation.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Two @entity0 with disseminated @entity9 are reported. One @entity0 presented with severe @entity5 and @entity3 . Histoplasmin skin test, blood and bone marrow cultures and smears, sputum cultures, and chest radiographs were negative for @entity8 . She died on the sixth hospital day from a massive @entity7 . Cardiorespiratory function was maintained until one kidney was removed for homotransplantation. The second @entity0 , with chronic @entity4 and @entity10 , received the renal homograft from the first @entity0 . Initial signs of homograft rejection developed five days postoperatively. Diffuse @entity5 occurred shortly thereafter. Spores of @entity8 were observed in blood smears, in leukocyte concentrates, and in five-day leukocyte cultures from the blood obtained prior to @entity1 . Disseminated @entity9 was found in both @entity0 at autopsy. The severe @entity6 in both cases suggests that systemic @entity9 should be considered as a cause of @entity5 .To our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of direct transmission of @entity8 , and must be considered a hazard in homotransplantation.In vitro leukocyte cultures as a method for early diagnosis of certain disseminated @entity2 needs further investigation.

title: @entity9 and XXXX : transmission by renal homotransplantation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Molecular mechanisms of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are unclear. We aimed at assessing loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and @entity1 and @entity0 @entity3 mutations in these lesions. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of 17 @entity2 and 16 @entity4 were included, with additional 5 fresh @entity2 genotyped for @entity1 mutations. LOH was assessed by six polymorphic markers located at 9p22, 9q22, and 17p13 and correlated with cell proliferation (Ki-67) and @entity1 immunostaining. Direct sequencing of @entity1 exons 2-11 (fresh samples), and exons 5-9 (FFPE samples) was carried out. @entity0 @entity3 mutation was genotyped in eight @entity2 . LOH occurred in at least one marker in 15/17 @entity2 and in 9/16 @entity4 . The marker exhibiting the highest frequency of allelic loss (FAL) in @entity2 was D9S157 (8/12 informative cases) and D9S287 in @entity4 (4/11 informative cases). Cell proliferation was not correlated with LOH or with the FAL and no correlation between @entity1 IHC and 17p LOH  was observed. We found @entity1 missense mutations in both lesions and nonsense in @entity2 , including CC>TT transition, which is a marker of UV damage. @entity0 @entity3 mutation was not detected. LOH and @entity1 mutations detected in @entity2 and @entity4 may be associated with tumorigenesis, whereas @entity0 @entity3 mutation does not seem to significantly contribute to @entity2 pathogenesis.

title: Lip cancer and pre-cancerous lesions harbor XXXX mutations, exhibit allelic loss at 9p, 9q, and 17p, but no BRAFV600E mutations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Self-management strategies have the potential to support @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Telehealth interventions may have a role in delivering this support along with the opportunity to monitor symptoms and physiological variables. This paper reports findings from a six-month, clinical, cohort study of @entity2 @entity0 ' use of a mobile telehealth based (mHealth) application and how individually determined alerts in @entity1 saturation levels, pulse rate and symptoms scores related to @entity0 self-initiated treatment for exacerbations. METHODS: The development of the mHealth intervention involved a @entity0 focus group and multidisciplinary team of researchers, engineers and clinicians. Individual data thresholds to set alerts were determined, and the relationship to exacerbations, defined by the initiation of stand-by medications, was measured. The sample comprised 18 @entity0 (age range of 50-85 years) with varied levels of computer skills. RESULTS: @entity0 identified no difficulties in using the mHealth application and used all functions available. 40  % of exacerbations had an alert signal during the three days prior to a @entity0 starting medication. @entity0 were able to use the mHealth application to support self- management, including monitoring of clinical data. Within three months, 95  % of symptom reporting sessions were completed in less than 100  s. CONCLUSIONS: Home based, unassisted, daily use of the mHealth platform is feasible and acceptable to @entity0 with @entity2 for reporting daily symptoms and medicine use, and to measure physiological variables such as pulse rate and @entity1 saturation. These findings provide evidence for integrating telehealth interventions with clinical care pathways to support self-management in @entity2 .

title: Using a mobile health application to support self-management in XXXX : a six-month cohort study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is sometimes difficult to choose anti-thrombotic agents for secondary prevention in @entity2 @entity0 at high bleeding risk. Recently, @entity10 ( @entity11 ) was reported to reduce the recurrence of @entity2 in @entity7 @entity0 without increasing hemorrhagic risk. In this study, we investigated the features of recurrent @entity2 @entity0 during @entity11 medication as secondary @entity2 prevention. METHODS: Following the approval of the ethical committee, @entity2 @entity0 in the outpatient clinic were consecutively screened and @entity0 who continuously take @entity11 were enrolled in this study (n   =   71, average age 69.7 yo). Blood sample data was adopted from the latest visit or the admission at the @entity2 recurrence. According to the previous @entity2 history, all @entity0 were classified into the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) group (n   =   10) and the @entity5 , including asymptomatic @entity8 , (IS) group (n   =   61). RESULT: Any @entity2 recurrence was not observed in the @entity2 group. Whereas, @entity5 was observed in 6 @entity0 in the IS group, although there was no @entity2 recurrence. Recurrent @entity2 @entity0 showed the higher serum level of @entity3 or the @entity1 . The @entity2 subtype of @entity0 were 2 @entity2 , 3 @entity8 (two were compromised with @entity4 and one had insufficient amount of @entity11 ) and one @entity8 (who showed high @entity6 level). CONCLUSION: @entity2 was not occurred in our observation of @entity11 prescribed @entity0 . The clinical features of recurrent @entity2 @entity0 were the existing complications of @entity9 and @entity1 .

title: XXXX as long-term secondary prevention after @entity5 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is sometimes difficult to choose anti-thrombotic agents for secondary prevention in @entity2 @entity0 at high bleeding risk. Recently, @entity10 ( @entity11 ) was reported to reduce the recurrence of @entity2 in @entity7 @entity0 without increasing hemorrhagic risk. In this study, we investigated the features of recurrent @entity2 @entity0 during @entity11 medication as secondary @entity2 prevention. METHODS: Following the approval of the ethical committee, @entity2 @entity0 in the outpatient clinic were consecutively screened and @entity0 who continuously take @entity11 were enrolled in this study (n   =   71, average age 69.7 yo). Blood sample data was adopted from the latest visit or the admission at the @entity2 recurrence. According to the previous @entity2 history, all @entity0 were classified into the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) group (n   =   10) and the @entity5 , including asymptomatic @entity8 , (IS) group (n   =   61). RESULT: Any @entity2 recurrence was not observed in the @entity2 group. Whereas, @entity5 was observed in 6 @entity0 in the IS group, although there was no @entity2 recurrence. Recurrent @entity2 @entity0 showed the higher serum level of @entity3 or the @entity1 . The @entity2 subtype of @entity0 were 2 @entity2 , 3 @entity8 (two were compromised with @entity4 and one had insufficient amount of @entity11 ) and one @entity8 (who showed high @entity6 level). CONCLUSION: @entity2 was not occurred in our observation of @entity11 prescribed @entity0 . The clinical features of recurrent @entity2 @entity0 were the existing complications of @entity9 and @entity1 .

title: @entity10 as long-term secondary prevention after XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although several studies have claimed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from @entity0 tissues can @entity2 , the immunomodulatory mechanism of MSCs remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the effects and the underlying mechanism of tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSC) on @entity2 compared with adipose tissue- derived stem cells (ASC) in a @entity1 model of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: MSCs were isolated from @entity0 palatine tonsil (T-MSC) and the surface markers were analyzed. The effect of T-MSCs was evaluated in 24 BALB/c @entity1 that were randomly divided into four groups (negative control group, positive control group, T-MSC group, and ASC group). MSCs were administered intravenously to ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized @entity1 (T-MSC and ASC groups) on days 18 to 23, and subsequent OVA challenge was conducted daily from days 24 to 28. Several parameters of @entity2 were assessed. RESULTS: T-MSC and ASC had similar characteristics in surface markers. Intravenous injection of T-MSC significantly @entity3 , eosinophil infiltration, serum total, and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), and the nasal and systemic T-helper (Th) 2 cytokine profile. Further analysis revealed that nasal innate cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 25 and @entity7 , and chemokines, such as @entity4 , @entity8 , induction was suppressed in T-MSCs injected groups, which explained their underlying mechanism. In addition, the T-MSC group had more inhibition of @entity2 than did the ASC group, which might be attributed to the more proliferative activity of T-MSC. CONCLUSION: Administration of T-MSC effectively @entity3 and inflammatory parameters in the @entity1 model of @entity5 . T-MSC treatment reduced Th2 cytokines and OVA-specific IgE secretion from B cells. In addition, innate cytokine ( @entity6 and @entity7 ) expression and @entity4 messenger RNA expression was inhibited in the nasal mucosa, which is suggestive of the mechanism of @entity2 . Therefore, T-MSC treatment is potentially an alternative therapeutic modality in @entity5 .

title: Immunomodulatory effect of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells in @entity1 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although several studies have claimed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from @entity0 tissues can @entity2 , the immunomodulatory mechanism of MSCs remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the effects and the underlying mechanism of tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSC) on @entity2 compared with adipose tissue- derived stem cells (ASC) in a @entity1 model of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: MSCs were isolated from @entity0 palatine tonsil (T-MSC) and the surface markers were analyzed. The effect of T-MSCs was evaluated in 24 BALB/c @entity1 that were randomly divided into four groups (negative control group, positive control group, T-MSC group, and ASC group). MSCs were administered intravenously to ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized @entity1 (T-MSC and ASC groups) on days 18 to 23, and subsequent OVA challenge was conducted daily from days 24 to 28. Several parameters of @entity2 were assessed. RESULTS: T-MSC and ASC had similar characteristics in surface markers. Intravenous injection of T-MSC significantly @entity3 , eosinophil infiltration, serum total, and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), and the nasal and systemic T-helper (Th) 2 cytokine profile. Further analysis revealed that nasal innate cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 25 and @entity7 , and chemokines, such as @entity4 , @entity8 , induction was suppressed in T-MSCs injected groups, which explained their underlying mechanism. In addition, the T-MSC group had more inhibition of @entity2 than did the ASC group, which might be attributed to the more proliferative activity of T-MSC. CONCLUSION: Administration of T-MSC effectively @entity3 and inflammatory parameters in the @entity1 model of @entity5 . T-MSC treatment reduced Th2 cytokines and OVA-specific IgE secretion from B cells. In addition, innate cytokine ( @entity6 and @entity7 ) expression and @entity4 messenger RNA expression was inhibited in the nasal mucosa, which is suggestive of the mechanism of @entity2 . Therefore, T-MSC treatment is potentially an alternative therapeutic modality in @entity5 .

title: Immunomodulatory effect of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells in XXXX model of @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To formulate f-MWNTs-cationic liposome hybrids for the simultaneous delivery of siPLK1 and @entity2 to @entity0 cells. METHOD: f-MWNTs-cationic liposome hybrids were prepared by the thin film hydration method where the lipid film was hydrated with 100   g/ml or 1  mg/ml of ox-MWNTs- @entity4 (+) or MWNTs- @entity4 (+) in 5% dextrose. siRNA complexation and protection ability was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. f-MWNTs and liposome interaction was evaluated using @entity5 (NR) fluorescence spectroscopy. Cellular uptake in A549 cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Silencing of target proteins was determined by Luciferase and @entity1 assays. Sub-G1 analysis was performed to evaluate apoptosis following co-delivery of siPLK1 and @entity2 ( @entity3 ). RESULTS: Zeta potential and siRNA complexation profile obtained for all hybrids were comparable to those achieved with cationic liposomes. ox-MWNTs- @entity4 (+) showed greater extent of interaction with cationic liposomes compared to MWNTs- @entity4 (+). ox-MWNTs- @entity4 (+) was able to protect siRNA from nuclease-mediated degradation. Enhanced cellular uptake of both the carrier and loaded siRNA in A549 cell, were observed for this hybrid compared to the liposomal carrier. A synergistic pro-apoptotic effect was obtained when siPLK1 silencing was combined with @entity2 treatment for the hybrid:siRNA complexes compared to the lipoplexes, in A549 cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: f-MWNTs-cationic liposome hybrid designed in this study can serve as a potential vehicle for the co-delivery of siRNA and cytotoxic drugs to @entity0 cells in vitro.

title: Cationic Liposome- Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Hybrids for Dual siPLK1 and XXXX Delivery In Vitro.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Serum total osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, may regulate @entity3 metabolism and influence the risk of developing adverse metabolic outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational evidence, to assess and quantify the associations of serum total osteocalcin with type 2 @entity1 and intermediate metabolic phenotypes [e.g., @entity2 ( @entity2 )]. Relevant studies were identified in a literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and reference lists of relevant studies to May 2015. Mean differences and risk estimates (odds ratios or relative risks) with 95  % CIs were aggregated using random-effects models. Fifty-two observational (38 cross-sectional, eight cohort, five case-control, and one both cross-sectional and cohort) studies with data on 46,998 non-overlapping @entity0 were included. Baseline serum total osteocalcin levels were significantly lower in type 2 @entity1 compared with non-type 2 @entity1 and in @entity2 compared with non- @entity2 in pooled analysis of cross-sectional evidence. Pooled risk estimates (95  % CIs) for type 2 @entity1 in a comparison of extreme fourths of total osteocalcin levels were 0.23 (95  % CI 0.12, 0.46) and 0.89 (95  % CI 0.78, 1.01) for cross-sectional and cohort studies respectively. The corresponding estimate was 0.39 (0.27, 0.56) for @entity2 from cross-sectional evidence. In both cross-sectional and cohort studies, a unit increase in serum total osteocalcin levels was associated with a significant mean increase in HOMA-B and mean reduction in HbA1c; with significant mean reductions in fasting plasma @entity3 levels, HOMA-IR, and body mass index in only cross-sectional studies. Available evidence-mainly from cross-sectional studies, supports inverse associations of serum total osteocalcin with risk of adverse metabolic outcomes. Large-scale prospective studies are needed to establish whether serum total osteocalcin may be useful in the prevention of adverse metabolic outcomes such as type 2 @entity1 .

title: Association of serum total osteocalcin with type 2 XXXX and intermediate metabolic phenotypes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational evidence.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 and repetitive, high-voltage spikes have been recorded in the electrocorticogram (ECoG) of @entity0 weeks and months after fluid percussion injury (FPI), a model of @entity1 . These ECoG events, which have many similarities to @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity4 , have been proposed to represent @entity5 @entity3 characteristic of @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The present study quantified features of SWD episodes in @entity0 at different time points after moderate to severe FPI, and compared them with age-matched control @entity0 . Control and FPI-injured @entity0 at 1 year of age displayed large-amplitude and frequent SWD events at frontal and parietal recording sites. At 3-6 months, @entity6 were shorter in duration and less frequent; extremely brief @entity6 (i.e., "larval") were detected as early as 1 month. The onset of the @entity6 was nearly always synchronous across electrodes and of larger amplitude in frontal regions. A sensory stimulus, such as a click, immediately and consistently stopped the occurrence of the @entity6 . @entity6 were consistently accompanied by @entity2 . All features of @entity6 in control and experimental (FPI) @entity0 were indistinguishable. None of the FPI-treated @entity0 developed @entity5 or convulsive @entity3 that could be distinguished electrographically or behaviorally from @entity6 . Because @entity6 have features similar to genetic @entity4 , these results challenge the hypothesis that @entity6 after FPI reflect @entity8 .

title: Progressive, XXXX -Like, Spike-Wave Discharges Are Common in Both Injured and Uninjured @entity0 : Implications for the Fluid Percussion Injury Model of @entity8 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity7 and repetitive, high-voltage spikes have been recorded in the electrocorticogram (ECoG) of @entity0 weeks and months after fluid percussion injury (FPI), a model of @entity1 . These ECoG events, which have many similarities to @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity4 , have been proposed to represent @entity5 @entity3 characteristic of @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The present study quantified features of SWD episodes in @entity0 at different time points after moderate to severe FPI, and compared them with age-matched control @entity0 . Control and FPI-injured @entity0 at 1 year of age displayed large-amplitude and frequent SWD events at frontal and parietal recording sites. At 3-6 months, @entity6 were shorter in duration and less frequent; extremely brief @entity6 (i.e., "larval") were detected as early as 1 month. The onset of the @entity6 was nearly always synchronous across electrodes and of larger amplitude in frontal regions. A sensory stimulus, such as a click, immediately and consistently stopped the occurrence of the @entity6 . @entity6 were consistently accompanied by @entity2 . All features of @entity6 in control and experimental (FPI) @entity0 were indistinguishable. None of the FPI-treated @entity0 developed @entity5 or convulsive @entity3 that could be distinguished electrographically or behaviorally from @entity6 . Because @entity6 have features similar to genetic @entity4 , these results challenge the hypothesis that @entity6 after FPI reflect @entity8 .

title: Progressive, @entity3 -Like, Spike-Wave Discharges Are Common in Both Injured and Uninjured @entity0 : Implications for the Fluid Percussion Injury Model of XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity7 and repetitive, high-voltage spikes have been recorded in the electrocorticogram (ECoG) of @entity0 weeks and months after fluid percussion injury (FPI), a model of @entity1 . These ECoG events, which have many similarities to @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity4 , have been proposed to represent @entity5 @entity3 characteristic of @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The present study quantified features of SWD episodes in @entity0 at different time points after moderate to severe FPI, and compared them with age-matched control @entity0 . Control and FPI-injured @entity0 at 1 year of age displayed large-amplitude and frequent SWD events at frontal and parietal recording sites. At 3-6 months, @entity6 were shorter in duration and less frequent; extremely brief @entity6 (i.e., "larval") were detected as early as 1 month. The onset of the @entity6 was nearly always synchronous across electrodes and of larger amplitude in frontal regions. A sensory stimulus, such as a click, immediately and consistently stopped the occurrence of the @entity6 . @entity6 were consistently accompanied by @entity2 . All features of @entity6 in control and experimental (FPI) @entity0 were indistinguishable. None of the FPI-treated @entity0 developed @entity5 or convulsive @entity3 that could be distinguished electrographically or behaviorally from @entity6 . Because @entity6 have features similar to genetic @entity4 , these results challenge the hypothesis that @entity6 after FPI reflect @entity8 .

title: Progressive, @entity3 -Like, Spike-Wave Discharges Are Common in Both Injured and Uninjured XXXX : Implications for the Fluid Percussion Injury Model of @entity8 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To validate the physical and psychological effectiveness of cardiac pacing in pediatric @entity0 with breath-holding spells (BHS) and prolonged @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records and clinical data of all the @entity0 with BHS who presented to our center in the period of 2001-2013 were reviewed. All @entity0 who received cardiac pacemaker implantation for prolonged @entity3 during BHS were included. In addition, the parents were asked to fill out a standardized quality of life (QOL) questionnaire. RESULTS: Seven @entity0 were identified. The mean onset of symptoms was 7 month (1-12 months) of age, documented @entity3 was 12-21 seconds, and a permanent cardiac pacemaker device was implanted at a mean age of 23 months (8 months-3.9 years). No pacemaker related adverse events were recorded. Follow up showed immediate resolution from spells in four cases (4/7). Two @entity0 (2/7) showed significant reduction of frequency and severity of spells, with complete elimination of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). One @entity0 (1/7) with an additional @entity1 continued to have minor pallid BHS and eventually switched from pallid to cyanotic spells without further detection of @entity4 or @entity3 in holter examination. QOL questionnaire revealed significant reduction in subjective stress levels of @entity0 (P = 0.012) and parents (P = 0.007) after pacemaker implantation. CONCLUSION: Cardiac pacing using appropriate pacemaker settings seems effective in the prevention of @entity2 and reduction of the frequency of BHS. Our results imply a reduction of subjective stress levels of @entity0 and parents as well as an increased quality of everyday life. After all, randomized controlled trials of the influence of cardiac pacemaker implantation on subjective stress levels in @entity0 with BHS are needed.

title: Improved quality of life after treatment of prolonged XXXX during breath holding spells with a cardiac pacemaker.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Mean age of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 has been progressively increasing over the last decades and ageing of these @entity0 is becoming a real challenge in every day clinical practice. Unfortunately, international guidelines on @entity2 management do not address this problem exhaustively and do not provide any specific recommendation. We carried out a literature search in MEDLINE database for studies reporting on epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of @entity2 in elderly @entity0 . Available data seem to indicate that in elderly @entity0 the outcome of @entity2 is mostly influenced by liver function and @entity1 stage rather than by age and the latter should not influence treatment allocation. Age is not a risk for resection and older @entity0 with resectable @entity2 and good liver function could gain benefit from surgery. Mild comorbidities do not seem a contraindication for surgery in aged @entity0 . Conversely, major resection in elderly, even when performed in experienced high-volume centres, should be avoided. Both percutaneous ablation and transarterial chemoembolization are not contraindicated in aged @entity0 and safety profile of these procedures is acceptable. @entity3 is a viable option for advanced @entity2 in elderly provided that a careful evaluation of concomitant comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular ones, is taken into account. Available data seem to suggest that in either elderly and younger, treatment is a main predictor of outcome. Consequently, a nihilistic attitude of physicians towards under- or no-treatment of aged @entity0 should not be longer justified.

title: XXXX in the elderly.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For facial soft tissue augmentation or wound coverage using tissue-engineering technology, cultured fibroblasts have been most commonly used as key cells and their properties have been extensively studied. Clinical strategies based on @entity0 cultured fibroblasts, however, require Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the facilities and the procedures used and time-consuming culture. Adipose tissue-derived @entity1 ( @entity1 ) cells may be a reliable alternative to fibroblasts because they are easily harvested by liposuction and do not require culture or FDA approval. No quantitative standard governing their use has, however, been issued. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare matrix-forming abilities of @entity1 cells and fibroblasts. @entity0 dermal fibroblasts were obtained from the dermis of 10 healthy adults and cultured, and @entity1 cells were obtained from 10 @entity0 who underwent liposuction. Monolayer and suspension cell cultures were performed using both cell types for 3 days. Cell proliferations, collagen synthesis levels, and glycosaminoglycan levels were compared using a @entity3 assay, a collagen type I @entity2 -terminal propeptide enzyme immunoassay, and the Blyscan Dye method, respectively. Cell proliferation ratios (fibroblasts versus @entity1 cells) in monolayer and suspension cultures were 1:0.75 and 1:0.99, respectively; collagen synthesis ratios in monolayer and suspension cultures were 1:0.50 and 1:0.52, respectively; and glycosaminoglycan production ratios were 1:0.70 and 1:0.74, respectively. The results of this in vitro study indicate that @entity1 cells have 50-74% of the matrix-forming ability of fibroblasts.

title: Comparison of the Matrix Synthesizing Abilities of XXXX Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells and Fibroblasts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Anterior communicating artery (AcoA) @entity3 is the most common form of @entity2 . It occurs rarely together with other @entity4 . Today, microsurgical techniques and endovascular methods are used in the treatment of these @entity3 . Endoscopic endonasal approach is a useful technique for midline lesions of the skull base and is underpinned with extensive experience. In this article, we present a 72-year-old female @entity0 who underwent endoscopic endonasal transplanum-transtubercular surgery for @entity5 followed by clipping of the incidental AcoA @entity3 . After complete removal of a @entity5 via an endoscopic endonasal approach, an anterior and superior projected saccular AcoA @entity3 in the gyrus rectus area was totally clipped successfully via pure endoscopic endonasal transplanum-transtubercular approach, without any damage to parent arteries. The @entity0 was discharged from the hospital within a short period of time without any @entity1 . Endoscopic endonasal approach is a new paradigm in the treatment of @entity3 . Although this technique cannot be routinely used due to lack of experience, it is an effective and safe method in selected and anatomically appropriate cases. We believe that increased knowledge and experience will create successful results in this approach, and it can offer an alternative method for selected @entity3 cases.

title: Pure Endoscopic Endonasal Clipping of an Incidental Anterior Communicating XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor @entity2 ( @entity4 ) and of the TXA2 receptor antagonist @entity8 on blood pressure and on the efficiency of antihypertensive drugs were investigated in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR). @entity4 and @entity8 applicated once caused a significant, but short-lasting decrease in blood pressure in SHR. In contrast, repeated application of @entity4 (3 x 100 mg/kg) caused a slight, but significant increase in blood pressure. Pretreatment with @entity8 (60 mg/kg i.v.) did not influence the antihypertensive effect of the drugs @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity7 . Pretreatment of SHR with @entity4 intensified significantly the effect of these drugs on blood pressure, independent of their mode of action, and on heart rate ( @entity7 ). The formation of TXB2 in the aorta thoracica in @entity4 pretreated SHR 20 min after drug application, was more strongly inhibited than was the formation of PGI2. Therefore the TXA2/PGI2 balance shifted in favor of the latter. However, in normotensive @entity0 , @entity4 was without any effect on blood pressure and on the antihypertensive efficacy of the drugs. In conclusion it could be suggested that @entity6 are involved in the short term as well as in the long term regulation of the blood pressure and in the blood pressure lowering activity of drugs at least in a @entity1 state.

title: Influence of @entity2 and XXXX on blood pressure and efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor @entity2 ( @entity4 ) and of the TXA2 receptor antagonist @entity8 on blood pressure and on the efficiency of antihypertensive drugs were investigated in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR). @entity4 and @entity8 applicated once caused a significant, but short-lasting decrease in blood pressure in SHR. In contrast, repeated application of @entity4 (3 x 100 mg/kg) caused a slight, but significant increase in blood pressure. Pretreatment with @entity8 (60 mg/kg i.v.) did not influence the antihypertensive effect of the drugs @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity7 . Pretreatment of SHR with @entity4 intensified significantly the effect of these drugs on blood pressure, independent of their mode of action, and on heart rate ( @entity7 ). The formation of TXB2 in the aorta thoracica in @entity4 pretreated SHR 20 min after drug application, was more strongly inhibited than was the formation of PGI2. Therefore the TXA2/PGI2 balance shifted in favor of the latter. However, in normotensive @entity0 , @entity4 was without any effect on blood pressure and on the antihypertensive efficacy of the drugs. In conclusion it could be suggested that @entity6 are involved in the short term as well as in the long term regulation of the blood pressure and in the blood pressure lowering activity of drugs at least in a @entity1 state.

title: Influence of XXXX and @entity8 on blood pressure and efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor @entity2 ( @entity4 ) and of the TXA2 receptor antagonist @entity8 on blood pressure and on the efficiency of antihypertensive drugs were investigated in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR). @entity4 and @entity8 applicated once caused a significant, but short-lasting decrease in blood pressure in SHR. In contrast, repeated application of @entity4 (3 x 100 mg/kg) caused a slight, but significant increase in blood pressure. Pretreatment with @entity8 (60 mg/kg i.v.) did not influence the antihypertensive effect of the drugs @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity7 . Pretreatment of SHR with @entity4 intensified significantly the effect of these drugs on blood pressure, independent of their mode of action, and on heart rate ( @entity7 ). The formation of TXB2 in the aorta thoracica in @entity4 pretreated SHR 20 min after drug application, was more strongly inhibited than was the formation of PGI2. Therefore the TXA2/PGI2 balance shifted in favor of the latter. However, in normotensive @entity0 , @entity4 was without any effect on blood pressure and on the antihypertensive efficacy of the drugs. In conclusion it could be suggested that @entity6 are involved in the short term as well as in the long term regulation of the blood pressure and in the blood pressure lowering activity of drugs at least in a @entity1 state.

title: Influence of @entity2 and @entity8 on blood pressure and efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in spontaneously XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor @entity2 ( @entity4 ) and of the TXA2 receptor antagonist @entity8 on blood pressure and on the efficiency of antihypertensive drugs were investigated in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR). @entity4 and @entity8 applicated once caused a significant, but short-lasting decrease in blood pressure in SHR. In contrast, repeated application of @entity4 (3 x 100 mg/kg) caused a slight, but significant increase in blood pressure. Pretreatment with @entity8 (60 mg/kg i.v.) did not influence the antihypertensive effect of the drugs @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity7 . Pretreatment of SHR with @entity4 intensified significantly the effect of these drugs on blood pressure, independent of their mode of action, and on heart rate ( @entity7 ). The formation of TXB2 in the aorta thoracica in @entity4 pretreated SHR 20 min after drug application, was more strongly inhibited than was the formation of PGI2. Therefore the TXA2/PGI2 balance shifted in favor of the latter. However, in normotensive @entity0 , @entity4 was without any effect on blood pressure and on the antihypertensive efficacy of the drugs. In conclusion it could be suggested that @entity6 are involved in the short term as well as in the long term regulation of the blood pressure and in the blood pressure lowering activity of drugs at least in a @entity1 state.

title: Influence of @entity2 and @entity8 on blood pressure and efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in spontaneously @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the diagnosis of @entity6 , it is generally accepted that respiratory function has to be absent, however, spinal reflexes can be preserved. We presented a @entity0 who showed a complex movements of upper limbs (Lazarus' sign) and respiratory like movement during the @entity1 test for the determination of @entity6 . This 72-year old female admitted to our hospital in a semicomatous state due to severe @entity2 . Her conscious level suddenly deteriorated to deep @entity4 because of second @entity3 on the same day. She became @entity1 and no brain stem reflexes elicited. Three days later, electrophysiological examination revealed a flat recording of electroencephalography, absence of auditory evoked potentials and no response of blink reflex. Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials obtained by median nerve stimulation showed the presence of @entity8 and spinal N13-P 13 components originating from cervical dorsal horn, however, the scalp @entity7 generated by cervico-medullary junction was absent. This @entity0 fulfilled all other criteria for @entity6 . Four days after, an @entity1 test was performed. Spontaneous movements of both upper limbs were observed starting between 7 and 8 minutes after disconnecting the intubation tube from the ventilator. Both arms flexed at the elbow, abducted and elevated from the bed. Then, both hands were brought up to chest. Wrist and fingers were in a neutral position (Lazarus' sign). Simultaneously, shallow and irregular respiration like movements were recognized. These movements ceased immediately after connecting the respirator. These two types of movements were reproducible except for in the final test. Blood pressure gradually decreased, and @entity5 occurred one hour after.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Lazarus' sign and respiratory-like movement in a @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: In the diagnosis of @entity6 , it is generally accepted that respiratory function has to be absent, however, spinal reflexes can be preserved. We presented a @entity0 who showed a complex movements of upper limbs (Lazarus' sign) and respiratory like movement during the @entity1 test for the determination of @entity6 . This 72-year old female admitted to our hospital in a semicomatous state due to severe @entity2 . Her conscious level suddenly deteriorated to deep @entity4 because of second @entity3 on the same day. She became @entity1 and no brain stem reflexes elicited. Three days later, electrophysiological examination revealed a flat recording of electroencephalography, absence of auditory evoked potentials and no response of blink reflex. Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials obtained by median nerve stimulation showed the presence of @entity8 and spinal N13-P 13 components originating from cervical dorsal horn, however, the scalp @entity7 generated by cervico-medullary junction was absent. This @entity0 fulfilled all other criteria for @entity6 . Four days after, an @entity1 test was performed. Spontaneous movements of both upper limbs were observed starting between 7 and 8 minutes after disconnecting the intubation tube from the ventilator. Both arms flexed at the elbow, abducted and elevated from the bed. Then, both hands were brought up to chest. Wrist and fingers were in a neutral position (Lazarus' sign). Simultaneously, shallow and irregular respiration like movements were recognized. These movements ceased immediately after connecting the respirator. These two types of movements were reproducible except for in the final test. Blood pressure gradually decreased, and @entity5 occurred one hour after.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Lazarus' sign and respiratory-like movement in a XXXX with @entity6 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emergence of colonization and infection with @entity1 -resistant enterococci (VRE) has become a worldwide challenge. To investigate whether the increasing incidence of VRE isolation can be correlated with use of glycopeptides in the hospital setting, we conducted a hospital-wide two-year study in the university hospital of Vienna. METHODS: Within the period from January 2011 through December 2012 all @entity0 with isolation of invasive or non-invasive VRE were retrospectively included. Specialty-specific data concerning the consumption of @entity1 and @entity5 , @entity4 and third generation @entity3 in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) from June 2010 through May 2012 were extracted from the hospital pharmacy computer system. To assess the relationship between the usage of those antibiotics and the incidence of VRE (VRE-rate per 10 000 @entity0 ) a Poisson regression was performed. FINDINGS: In the study period 266 @entity0 were colonized or infected with VRE. Specialty-specific VRE isolation was as follows: general surgical units (44 @entity0 ), bone marrow transplant unit (35 @entity0 ), general medical units (33 @entity0 ), cardiothoracic surgery (27 @entity0 ), nephrology (26 @entity0 ), haematooncology (22 @entity0 ), gastroenterology (17 @entity0 ), urology (17 @entity0 ), and the infectious diseases unit (11 @entity0 ). Hospital-wide consumption of glycopeptides was higher for @entity5 than for @entity1 (26 242 versus 8677 @entity2 ). Specialty-specific VRE incidence significantly increased with the use of @entity6 , @entity4 or third generation @entity3 (p   <   0.001). The results of the Poisson regression for @entity1 (p   =   0.0018) and @entity5 (p   <   0.0001) separately were both highly significant. Spearman's correlation coefficient indicated a strong correlation between the two variables (rho   =   0.8). CONCLUSION: Overall usage of glycopeptides, @entity4 or third generation @entity3 contributed to the emergence of VRE in the hospital setting.

title: Non-linear significant relationship between use of glycopeptides and isolation of XXXX -resistant Enterococcus species in a university hospital setting.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In a former publication the authors showed that low amounts of amorphous content (LOQ of 0.5%) in a hydrophobic model API ( @entity5 ) can be measured with an individually adjusted one-step dynamic organic vapor sorption ( @entity4 ). In this investigation the applicability is tested on various APIs which differ in @entity2 (absorption of water). The vapor sorption method proved to be applicable in almost all cases. Moisture sorption isotherms were determined for all five investigated crystalline and amorphous APIs. However, it was necessary to select the parameters individually for each API. The used solvents (water, @entity0 , @entity3 and @entity1 ) and the humidity-levels (0.05 p/p0 until 0.5 p/p0) were chosen carefully because otherwise the amorphous amounts switch to their crystalline counterparts and are not detectable. The production of fully amorphous samples (absence of crystalline material measured by DSC, mDSC and XRPD) was optimized over several trials. As successfully methods proved ball-milling, freeze-drying, spray-drying and/or quench cooling. In the next step these fully amorphous amounts were blended with crystalline starting material to calibration curves (Turbula blender, influence of electrostatic charge to homogeneity) for the calculation of amorphous content. In summary, the following presented methods were used to determine and quantify low amorphous amounts (between 1.5% and 17.0%) in jet-milled powders (grinding pressure of 8bar, 1-3 grinding cycles), respectively.

title: Applicability of the one-step XXXX method for the determination of amorphous amounts for further different hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the combined effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and home-based occupational therapy on activities of daily living (ADL) and grip strength, in @entity0 with @entity1 following @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: A double-blind randomized controlled trial with one-week follow-up. @entity0 received five consecutive days of occupational therapy at home, combined with either anodal (n   =   8) or sham (n   =   7) tDCS. The primary outcome was ADL performance, which was assessed with the Jebsen-Taylor test (JTT). RESULTS: Both groups improved JTT over time (p   <   0.01). The anodal group improved grip strength compared with the sham group from baseline to post-assessment (p   =   0.025). However, this difference was attenuated at one-week follow-up. There was a non-significant tendency for greater improvement in JTT in the anodal group compared with the sham group, from baseline to post-assessment (p   =   0.158). CONCLUSIONS: Five consecutive days of tDCS combined with occupational therapy provided greater improvements in grip strength compared with occupational therapy alone. tDCS is a promising add-on intervention regarding training of @entity1 . It is well tolerated by @entity0 and can easily be applied for home-based training. Larger studies with long-term follow-up are needed to further explore possible effects of tDCS in @entity0 with @entity2 . Implications for Rehabilitation Five consecutive days of tDCS combined with occupational therapy provided greater improvements in grip strength compared with occupational therapy alone. tDCS is well tolerated by @entity0 and can easily be applied for home-based rehabilitation.

title: Combined transcranial direct current stimulation and home-based occupational therapy for @entity1 following XXXX : a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the combined effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and home-based occupational therapy on activities of daily living (ADL) and grip strength, in @entity0 with @entity1 following @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: A double-blind randomized controlled trial with one-week follow-up. @entity0 received five consecutive days of occupational therapy at home, combined with either anodal (n   =   8) or sham (n   =   7) tDCS. The primary outcome was ADL performance, which was assessed with the Jebsen-Taylor test (JTT). RESULTS: Both groups improved JTT over time (p   <   0.01). The anodal group improved grip strength compared with the sham group from baseline to post-assessment (p   =   0.025). However, this difference was attenuated at one-week follow-up. There was a non-significant tendency for greater improvement in JTT in the anodal group compared with the sham group, from baseline to post-assessment (p   =   0.158). CONCLUSIONS: Five consecutive days of tDCS combined with occupational therapy provided greater improvements in grip strength compared with occupational therapy alone. tDCS is a promising add-on intervention regarding training of @entity1 . It is well tolerated by @entity0 and can easily be applied for home-based training. Larger studies with long-term follow-up are needed to further explore possible effects of tDCS in @entity0 with @entity2 . Implications for Rehabilitation Five consecutive days of tDCS combined with occupational therapy provided greater improvements in grip strength compared with occupational therapy alone. tDCS is well tolerated by @entity0 and can easily be applied for home-based rehabilitation.

title: Combined transcranial direct current stimulation and home-based occupational therapy for XXXX following @entity2 : a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity9 is a major contributor to @entity0 and companion animal morbidity and mortality. Renal complications are sequelae of @entity5 and @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Despite the high incidence of @entity6 -mediated @entity8 , little is known about pathogenesis of @entity1 . @entity12 -infected @entity5 are a naturally occurring model of @entity4 -associated @entity8 . @entity8 type I [24 of 25 (96%)], with interstitial lymphoplasmacytic @entity10 [23 of 25 (92%)], and glomerular and interstitial @entity2 [12 of 25 (48%)] were predominant lesions. An ultrastructural evaluation of glomeruli from animals with @entity4 identified mesangial cell proliferation and interposition. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated significant @entity12 antigen, IgG, and C3b deposition in @entity4 @entity5 glomeruli. Asymptomatic and symptomatic @entity5 had increased glomerular @entity11 -binding domain @entity7 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 and autophagosome-associated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 associated with @entity1 severity. Transcriptional analyses from symptomatic @entity5 confirmed induction of autophagy and inflammasome genes within glomeruli and tubules. On the basis of temporal @entity4 staging, @entity8 was initiated by IgG and complement deposition. This deposition preceded presence of @entity11 -binding domain @entity7 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3-associated inflammasomes and increased light chain 3 puncta indicative of autophagosomes in glomeruli from @entity5 with clinical @entity4 and @entity3 . These findings indicate potential roles for inflammasome complexes in @entity1 during @entity4 and autophagy in ensuing cellular responses.

title: Activation of autophagy and XXXX -binding domain @entity7 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome during @entity12 -associated @entity8 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity9 is a major contributor to @entity0 and companion animal morbidity and mortality. Renal complications are sequelae of @entity5 and @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Despite the high incidence of @entity6 -mediated @entity8 , little is known about pathogenesis of @entity1 . @entity12 -infected @entity5 are a naturally occurring model of @entity4 -associated @entity8 . @entity8 type I [24 of 25 (96%)], with interstitial lymphoplasmacytic @entity10 [23 of 25 (92%)], and glomerular and interstitial @entity2 [12 of 25 (48%)] were predominant lesions. An ultrastructural evaluation of glomeruli from animals with @entity4 identified mesangial cell proliferation and interposition. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated significant @entity12 antigen, IgG, and C3b deposition in @entity4 @entity5 glomeruli. Asymptomatic and symptomatic @entity5 had increased glomerular @entity11 -binding domain @entity7 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 and autophagosome-associated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 associated with @entity1 severity. Transcriptional analyses from symptomatic @entity5 confirmed induction of autophagy and inflammasome genes within glomeruli and tubules. On the basis of temporal @entity4 staging, @entity8 was initiated by IgG and complement deposition. This deposition preceded presence of @entity11 -binding domain @entity7 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3-associated inflammasomes and increased light chain 3 puncta indicative of autophagosomes in glomeruli from @entity5 with clinical @entity4 and @entity3 . These findings indicate potential roles for inflammasome complexes in @entity1 during @entity4 and autophagy in ensuing cellular responses.

title: Activation of autophagy and @entity11 -binding domain XXXX -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome during @entity12 -associated @entity8 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity9 is a major contributor to @entity0 and companion animal morbidity and mortality. Renal complications are sequelae of @entity5 and @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Despite the high incidence of @entity6 -mediated @entity8 , little is known about pathogenesis of @entity1 . @entity12 -infected @entity5 are a naturally occurring model of @entity4 -associated @entity8 . @entity8 type I [24 of 25 (96%)], with interstitial lymphoplasmacytic @entity10 [23 of 25 (92%)], and glomerular and interstitial @entity2 [12 of 25 (48%)] were predominant lesions. An ultrastructural evaluation of glomeruli from animals with @entity4 identified mesangial cell proliferation and interposition. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated significant @entity12 antigen, IgG, and C3b deposition in @entity4 @entity5 glomeruli. Asymptomatic and symptomatic @entity5 had increased glomerular @entity11 -binding domain @entity7 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 and autophagosome-associated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 associated with @entity1 severity. Transcriptional analyses from symptomatic @entity5 confirmed induction of autophagy and inflammasome genes within glomeruli and tubules. On the basis of temporal @entity4 staging, @entity8 was initiated by IgG and complement deposition. This deposition preceded presence of @entity11 -binding domain @entity7 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3-associated inflammasomes and increased light chain 3 puncta indicative of autophagosomes in glomeruli from @entity5 with clinical @entity4 and @entity3 . These findings indicate potential roles for inflammasome complexes in @entity1 during @entity4 and autophagy in ensuing cellular responses.

title: Activation of autophagy and @entity11 -binding domain @entity7 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome during XXXX -associated @entity8 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: @entity9 is a major contributor to @entity0 and companion animal morbidity and mortality. Renal complications are sequelae of @entity5 and @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Despite the high incidence of @entity6 -mediated @entity8 , little is known about pathogenesis of @entity1 . @entity12 -infected @entity5 are a naturally occurring model of @entity4 -associated @entity8 . @entity8 type I [24 of 25 (96%)], with interstitial lymphoplasmacytic @entity10 [23 of 25 (92%)], and glomerular and interstitial @entity2 [12 of 25 (48%)] were predominant lesions. An ultrastructural evaluation of glomeruli from animals with @entity4 identified mesangial cell proliferation and interposition. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated significant @entity12 antigen, IgG, and C3b deposition in @entity4 @entity5 glomeruli. Asymptomatic and symptomatic @entity5 had increased glomerular @entity11 -binding domain @entity7 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 and autophagosome-associated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 associated with @entity1 severity. Transcriptional analyses from symptomatic @entity5 confirmed induction of autophagy and inflammasome genes within glomeruli and tubules. On the basis of temporal @entity4 staging, @entity8 was initiated by IgG and complement deposition. This deposition preceded presence of @entity11 -binding domain @entity7 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3-associated inflammasomes and increased light chain 3 puncta indicative of autophagosomes in glomeruli from @entity5 with clinical @entity4 and @entity3 . These findings indicate potential roles for inflammasome complexes in @entity1 during @entity4 and autophagy in ensuing cellular responses.

title: Activation of autophagy and @entity11 -binding domain @entity7 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome during @entity12 -associated XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify biomechanical and clinical parameters that influence knee flexion (KF) angle at initial contact (IC) and during single limb stance phase of gait in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) who walk with flexed-knee gait. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of gait kinematics and clinical data collected from 2010-2013. SETTING: Motion _ Gait Analysis Laboratory at Lucile Packard @entity0 's Hospital, Stanford, CA. @entity0 : Gait analysis data from @entity0 with @entity1 (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] I-III) who had no prior surgery were analyzed. @entity0 exhibiting KF >= 20   at IC were included; the more-involved limb was analyzed. METHODS: Outcome measures were analyzed with respect to clinical findings, including passive range of motion, @entity3 ( @entity4 ), gait kinematics, and musculoskeletal models of muscle-tendon lengths during gait. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and minimum KF during single-limb support (KFSLS) were investigated. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity0 met the inclusion criteria, and their data were analyzed (20 males and 14 females, mean age 10.1 years, range 5-20 years). Mean @entity2 was 34.4    8.4 degrees and correlated with lower @entity4 score (   = -0.530, P = .004), later peak KF during swing (   = 0.614, P < .001), and shorter maximal muscle length of the semimembranosus (   = -0.359, P = .037). Mean KFSLS was 18.7    14.9 and correlated to KF contracture (   = 0.605, P < .001) and shorter maximal muscle length of the semimembranosus (   = -0.572, P < .001) and medial gastrocnemius (   = -0.386, P = .024). GMFCS correlated more strongly to @entity2 (   = 0.502, P = .002) than to KFSLS (   = 0.371, P = .031). Linear regression found that both the @entity4 score (P = .001) and delayed timing of peak KF during swing (P = .001) independently predicted @entity2 . KF contracture (P = .026) and maximal length of the semimembranosus (P = .043) independently predicted KFSLS. CONCLUSION: Correlates of @entity2 differed from those for KFSLS and suggest that impaired selective motor control and later timing of swing-phase KF influence knee position at IC, whereas KF contracture and muscle lengths influence minimal KF in single-limb support, findings with important treatment implications.

title: Biomechanical and Clinical Correlates of Stance-Phase Knee Flexion in @entity0 With XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify biomechanical and clinical parameters that influence knee flexion (KF) angle at initial contact (IC) and during single limb stance phase of gait in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) who walk with flexed-knee gait. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of gait kinematics and clinical data collected from 2010-2013. SETTING: Motion _ Gait Analysis Laboratory at Lucile Packard @entity0 's Hospital, Stanford, CA. @entity0 : Gait analysis data from @entity0 with @entity1 (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] I-III) who had no prior surgery were analyzed. @entity0 exhibiting KF >= 20   at IC were included; the more-involved limb was analyzed. METHODS: Outcome measures were analyzed with respect to clinical findings, including passive range of motion, @entity3 ( @entity4 ), gait kinematics, and musculoskeletal models of muscle-tendon lengths during gait. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and minimum KF during single-limb support (KFSLS) were investigated. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity0 met the inclusion criteria, and their data were analyzed (20 males and 14 females, mean age 10.1 years, range 5-20 years). Mean @entity2 was 34.4    8.4 degrees and correlated with lower @entity4 score (   = -0.530, P = .004), later peak KF during swing (   = 0.614, P < .001), and shorter maximal muscle length of the semimembranosus (   = -0.359, P = .037). Mean KFSLS was 18.7    14.9 and correlated to KF contracture (   = 0.605, P < .001) and shorter maximal muscle length of the semimembranosus (   = -0.572, P < .001) and medial gastrocnemius (   = -0.386, P = .024). GMFCS correlated more strongly to @entity2 (   = 0.502, P = .002) than to KFSLS (   = 0.371, P = .031). Linear regression found that both the @entity4 score (P = .001) and delayed timing of peak KF during swing (P = .001) independently predicted @entity2 . KF contracture (P = .026) and maximal length of the semimembranosus (P = .043) independently predicted KFSLS. CONCLUSION: Correlates of @entity2 differed from those for KFSLS and suggest that impaired selective motor control and later timing of swing-phase KF influence knee position at IC, whereas KF contracture and muscle lengths influence minimal KF in single-limb support, findings with important treatment implications.

title: Biomechanical and Clinical Correlates of Stance-Phase Knee Flexion in XXXX With @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stunting affects 26.7% of @entity0 worldwide, and little is known about its effects on the outcomes of @entity2 . We evaluated the effect of stunting on the outcomes of @entity2 among @entity0 enrolled in two large clinical trials. METHODS: We analysed data from two WHO and USAID-sponsored inpatient treatment trials, the Severe Pneumonia Evaluation Antimicrobial Research study (n  =  958) and the @entity3 Penicillin Pneumonia International Study (n  =  1702), which enrolled @entity0 aged 2-59  months across 16 sites in LMICs. We assessed the effect of stunting (height-for-age Z score  <  -2) on treatment outcome and time to resolution of hypoxaemic @entity2 . RESULTS: Among 2542 (96%) @entity0 with valid data for height, 28% were stunted and 12.8% failed treatment by 5  days. The failure rate among stunted @entity0 was 16.0% vs. 11.5% among non-stunted @entity0 [unadjusted RR  =  1.24 (95% CI 1.08, 1.41); adjusted RR  =  1.28 (95% CI 1.10, 1.48)]. An inverse relationship was observed between height and failure rates, even among non-stunted @entity0 . Among 845 @entity0 with hypoxaemic @entity2 , stunting was associated with a lower probability of normalisation of respiratory rate [HR  =  0.63 (95% CI 0.52, 0.75)] and @entity1 saturation [HR  =  0.74 (95% CI 0.61, 0.89)]. CONCLUSIONS: Stunting increases the risk of treatment failure and is associated with a longer course of recovery in @entity0 with @entity2 . Strategies to decrease stunting may decrease the burden of adverse outcomes in @entity2 in low-resource settings.

title: Stunting is associated with poor outcomes in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: Neointimal @entity4 is a common feature of fibro-proliferative @entity2 and characterizes initial stages of @entity3 . Neointimal lesions mainly comprise smooth muscle-like cells. The presence of these lesions is related to local differences in shear stress. Neointimal cells may arise through migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells from the media. However, a role for the endothelium as a source of smooth muscle-like cells has largely been disregarded. Here, we investigated the role of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in neointimal @entity4 and atherogenesis, and studied its modulation by shear stress. METHODS AND RESULTS: In @entity0 @entity3 plaques and porcine aortic tissues, myo-endothelial cells were identified, suggestive for EndMT. Flow disturbance by @entity5 in @entity1 similarly showed the presence of myo-endothelial cells specifically in regions exposed to disturbed flow. While uniform laminar shear stress (LSS) was found to inhibit EndMT, endothelial cells exposed to disturbed flow underwent EndMT, in vitro and in vivo, and showed atherogenic differentiation. Gain- and loss-of-function studies using a constitutive active mutant of @entity7 and short hairpins targeting @entity6 established a pivotal role for @entity6 signalling in the inhibition of EndMT. CONCLUSION: Together, these data suggest that EndMT contributes to neointimal @entity4 and induces atherogenic differentiation of endothelial cells. Importantly, we uncovered that EndMT is modulated by shear stress in an @entity6 -dependent manner. These findings provide new insights in the role of adverse endothelial plasticity in @entity2 and identify a novel atheroprotective mechanism of uniform LSS, namely inhibition of EndMT.

title: Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition contributes to fibro-proliferative XXXX and is modulated by fluid shear stress.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: A group of 63708 Bangladeshi adults from a rural area were screened in 2011-12 for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) risk using a questionnaire based tool developed as part of the 'WHO @entity3 -RISK Management Package for low-and medium resource setting'. In the current study @entity0 who were found to be high risk and a sample of the not high risk @entity0 from the screening were further characterized clinically and biochemically to explore the burden and determinants of @entity3 risk factors in a remote rural Bangladeshi population. METHODS: The high risk @entity0 comprised all 1170 subjects who screened positive in 2011-12 and the not high risk group comprised 563 randomly sampled @entity0 from the 62538 who screened negative. Socio-demographic, behavioral, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical data ( @entity6 and lipids) were collected by standardized procedures. Body Mass Index (BMI) was classified following Asian BMI criteria. Data was analyzed using univariable and multivariable methods. RESULTS: On univariable analysis in high risk and not high risk @entity0 respectively, age in years ( @entity8 ) was 50        11 for both groups, ratio of male: female was 40:60 and 66:44, current smoking 28.5  % and 50.6  %; smokeless @entity5 use 37.1  % and 34.8  %; overweight and @entity2 measured by body mass index (BMI) was 39.1  % and 20.5  %; high waist circumference (WC) 36.1  % and 11.9  %; high waist to hip ratio (WHR) 53.8  % and 26.3  %; and with high waist to height ratio (WHtR) 56.4  % and 28.4  %, existence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was 15.8  % and 3.6  %, pre- @entity4 43.8  % and 12.1  %, @entity1 ( @entity7 ) 14.0  % and 10.5  %, pre- @entity7 16.9  % and 12.1  % and dyslipidaemia 85.8  % and 89.5  %. In multivariable logistic regression analysis female sex, BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR, @entity4 and dyslipidaemia remain significantly more common among high risk @entity0 (p   <   0.05 and p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of clinical and biochemical risk factors of CVDs are quite high even in this rural population and this may be related to the socioeconomic and cultural transition in Bangladeshi society. Surprisingly more of the high risk group was female and there were fewer smokers. @entity2 and @entity4 were more frequent in high risk @entity0 .

title: Clinical and biochemical characterization of high risk and not high risk for XXXX adults in a population from peripheral region of Bangladesh.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Certain probiotic bacteria have been shown to reduce distension-dependent gut @entity4 , but the mechanisms involved remain obscure. Live luminal @entity10 (DSM 17938) and its conditioned medium dose dependently reduced jejunal spinal nerve firing evoked by distension or @entity8 , and 80% of this response was blocked by a specific @entity9 channel antagonist or in @entity9 knockout @entity1 . The specificity of DSM action on @entity9 was further confirmed by its inhibition of @entity8 -induced intracellular @entity6 increases in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Another @entity12 with ability to reduce gut @entity4 did not modify this response. Prior feeding of @entity2 with @entity11 inhibited the @entity7 induced by @entity4 . These results offer a system for the screening of new and improved candidate bacteria that may be useful as novel therapeutic adjuncts in gut @entity4 . Certain bacteria exert visceral antinociceptive activity, but the mechanisms involved are not determined. @entity10 DSM 17938 was examined since it may be antinociceptive in @entity0 . Since transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 ( @entity9 ) channel activity may mediate nociceptive signals, we hypothesized that @entity9 current is inhibited by DSM. We tested this by examining the effect of DSM on the firing frequency of spinal nerve fibres in @entity1 jejunal mesenteric nerve bundles following serosal application of @entity8 . We also measured the effects of DSM on @entity8 -evoked increase in intracellular @entity3 or ionic current in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Furthermore, we tested the in vivo antinociceptive effects of oral DSM on @entity5 in @entity2 . Live DSM reduced the response of @entity8 - and distension-evoked firing of spinal nerve action potentials (238    27.5% vs. 129    17%). DSM also reduced the @entity8 -evoked @entity9 ionic current in DRG neuronal primary culture from 83    11% to 41    8% of the initial response to @entity8 only. Another @entity12 ( @entity12 JB-1) with known visceral anti-nociceptive activity did not have these effects. DSM also inhibited @entity8 -evoked @entity3 increase in DRG neurons; an increase in @entity3 fluorescence intensity ratio of 2.36    0.31 evoked by @entity8 was reduced to 1.25    0.04. DSM releasable products (conditioned medium) mimicked DSM inhibition of @entity8 -evoked excitability. The @entity9 antagonist @entity13 or the use of @entity9 knock-out @entity1 revealed that @entity9 channels mediate about 80% of the inhibitory effect of DSM on mesenteric nerve response to high intensity gut distension. Finally, feeding with DSM inhibited perception in @entity2 of @entity4 . Our results identify a specific target channel for a probiotic with potential therapeutic properties.

title: The @entity9 channel in rodents is a major target for antinociceptive effect of the probiotic XXXX DSM 17938.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Certain probiotic bacteria have been shown to reduce distension-dependent gut @entity4 , but the mechanisms involved remain obscure. Live luminal @entity10 (DSM 17938) and its conditioned medium dose dependently reduced jejunal spinal nerve firing evoked by distension or @entity8 , and 80% of this response was blocked by a specific @entity9 channel antagonist or in @entity9 knockout @entity1 . The specificity of DSM action on @entity9 was further confirmed by its inhibition of @entity8 -induced intracellular @entity6 increases in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Another @entity12 with ability to reduce gut @entity4 did not modify this response. Prior feeding of @entity2 with @entity11 inhibited the @entity7 induced by @entity4 . These results offer a system for the screening of new and improved candidate bacteria that may be useful as novel therapeutic adjuncts in gut @entity4 . Certain bacteria exert visceral antinociceptive activity, but the mechanisms involved are not determined. @entity10 DSM 17938 was examined since it may be antinociceptive in @entity0 . Since transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 ( @entity9 ) channel activity may mediate nociceptive signals, we hypothesized that @entity9 current is inhibited by DSM. We tested this by examining the effect of DSM on the firing frequency of spinal nerve fibres in @entity1 jejunal mesenteric nerve bundles following serosal application of @entity8 . We also measured the effects of DSM on @entity8 -evoked increase in intracellular @entity3 or ionic current in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Furthermore, we tested the in vivo antinociceptive effects of oral DSM on @entity5 in @entity2 . Live DSM reduced the response of @entity8 - and distension-evoked firing of spinal nerve action potentials (238    27.5% vs. 129    17%). DSM also reduced the @entity8 -evoked @entity9 ionic current in DRG neuronal primary culture from 83    11% to 41    8% of the initial response to @entity8 only. Another @entity12 ( @entity12 JB-1) with known visceral anti-nociceptive activity did not have these effects. DSM also inhibited @entity8 -evoked @entity3 increase in DRG neurons; an increase in @entity3 fluorescence intensity ratio of 2.36    0.31 evoked by @entity8 was reduced to 1.25    0.04. DSM releasable products (conditioned medium) mimicked DSM inhibition of @entity8 -evoked excitability. The @entity9 antagonist @entity13 or the use of @entity9 knock-out @entity1 revealed that @entity9 channels mediate about 80% of the inhibitory effect of DSM on mesenteric nerve response to high intensity gut distension. Finally, feeding with DSM inhibited perception in @entity2 of @entity4 . Our results identify a specific target channel for a probiotic with potential therapeutic properties.

title: The XXXX channel in rodents is a major target for antinociceptive effect of the probiotic @entity10 DSM 17938.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Modulatory descending pathways, originating at supraspinal sites that converge at dorsal horn neurons, influence @entity1 perception in @entity0 . Defects in descending @entity1 control are linked to @entity3 states and its restoration may be a valuable analgesic tool. Conditioned @entity1 modulation (CPM) is a surrogate marker of descending inhibition that reduces the perception of @entity1 from a primary test stimulus during application of a conditioning stimulus. Here the effects of the analgesics @entity5 , a combined mu-opioid receptor agonist and @entity2 reuptake inhibitor, and @entity4 , a strong mu-opioid receptor agonist, were tested on CPM in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in 12 healthy @entity1 , to understand possible differences in mechanism of action between these opioids. METHODS AND RESULTS: On three occasions CPM responses were obtained 60-90 and 120-150 min following intake of @entity5 (100 mg immediate release tablet), @entity4 (40 mg immediate release tablet) or placebo. At both time points, CPM was detectable after treatment with placebo and @entity5 (peak @entity1 ratings reduced by 20-30% after application of the conditioning stimulus) but not after @entity4 . Compared to placebo @entity4 displayed significantly less CPM: mean treatment difference 18.2% (95% CI 3.4 to 32.9%) at 60-90 min after drug intake and 19.5% (95% CI 5.7 to 33.2%) at 120-150 min after drug intake (p = 0.001). No difference in CPM between placebo and @entity5 was detected: mean treatment difference 1.5% (95% CI -11.6 to 14.6%) at 60-90 min after drug intake and 1.5% (95% CI -16.0 to 18.9%) at 120-150 min after drug intake (p = 0.60). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that in volunteers @entity4 affects CPM, while @entity5 was without effect despite identical experimental conditions. These data confirm that @entity5 's main mechanism of action is distinct from that of @entity4 and likely related to the effect of adrenergic stimulation on descending controls. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register NTR2716.

title: A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of XXXX and @entity4 on Conditioned Pain Modulation in Healthy Volunteers.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Modulatory descending pathways, originating at supraspinal sites that converge at dorsal horn neurons, influence @entity1 perception in @entity0 . Defects in descending @entity1 control are linked to @entity3 states and its restoration may be a valuable analgesic tool. Conditioned @entity1 modulation (CPM) is a surrogate marker of descending inhibition that reduces the perception of @entity1 from a primary test stimulus during application of a conditioning stimulus. Here the effects of the analgesics @entity5 , a combined mu-opioid receptor agonist and @entity2 reuptake inhibitor, and @entity4 , a strong mu-opioid receptor agonist, were tested on CPM in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in 12 healthy @entity1 , to understand possible differences in mechanism of action between these opioids. METHODS AND RESULTS: On three occasions CPM responses were obtained 60-90 and 120-150 min following intake of @entity5 (100 mg immediate release tablet), @entity4 (40 mg immediate release tablet) or placebo. At both time points, CPM was detectable after treatment with placebo and @entity5 (peak @entity1 ratings reduced by 20-30% after application of the conditioning stimulus) but not after @entity4 . Compared to placebo @entity4 displayed significantly less CPM: mean treatment difference 18.2% (95% CI 3.4 to 32.9%) at 60-90 min after drug intake and 19.5% (95% CI 5.7 to 33.2%) at 120-150 min after drug intake (p = 0.001). No difference in CPM between placebo and @entity5 was detected: mean treatment difference 1.5% (95% CI -11.6 to 14.6%) at 60-90 min after drug intake and 1.5% (95% CI -16.0 to 18.9%) at 120-150 min after drug intake (p = 0.60). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that in volunteers @entity4 affects CPM, while @entity5 was without effect despite identical experimental conditions. These data confirm that @entity5 's main mechanism of action is distinct from that of @entity4 and likely related to the effect of adrenergic stimulation on descending controls. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register NTR2716.

title: A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of @entity5 and XXXX on Conditioned Pain Modulation in Healthy Volunteers.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a Gram-negative aerobic diplococcus, responsible for a variety of @entity3 . The genome of @entity4 is comprised of 2114 genes that are translated into 1953 proteins. The 698 genes (   35%) encode hypothetical proteins (HPs), because no experimental evidence of their biological functions are available. Analyses of these proteins are important to understand their functions in the metabolic networks and may lead to the discovery of novel drug targets against the @entity1 caused by @entity2 . This study aimed at the identification and categorization of each HP present in the genome of @entity4 using computational tools. Functions of 363 proteins were predicted with high accuracy among the annotated set of HPs investigated. The reliably predicted 363 HPs were further grouped into 41 different classes of proteins, based on their possible roles in cellular processes such as metabolism, transport, and replication. Our studies revealed that 22 HPs may be involved in the pathogenesis caused by this microorganism. The top two HPs with highest virulence scores were subjected to @entity0 ( @entity0 ) simulations to better understand their conformational behavior in a water environment. We also compared the @entity0 simulation results with other virulent proteins present in @entity2 . This study broadens our understanding of the mechanistic pathways of pathogenesis, drug resistance, tolerance, and adaptability for host immune responses to @entity2 .

title: Towards New Drug Targets? Function Prediction of Putative Proteins of XXXX and Their Virulence Characterization.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The relationship between the kidney and other organs is notable. The best known is the relation with the cardiovascular system. Relationships with other organs are less studied, although their involvement sometimes dominates the clinical picture and the outcome of disease. The paper analyzes the kidney-liver relationship, @entity6 and @entity4 from an immune viewpoint. The immune system operates as a unitary whole. There is an interdependence between the immune system of the liver, considered a lymphoid organ, and the kidney, whose participation in immune processes is well-known. The most important chronic @entity4 are @entity7 and C. Infection with these viruses can lead to renal involvement, producing mainly @entity0 . At the same time, secondary @entity5 can cause an unfavorable outcome of the @entity1 . The relationship between @entity4 and @entity6 during chronic B and C @entity3 occurs via circulating immune complexes or complexes formed in situ. Cell-mediated immunity is also involved. The antiviral treatment of B and C @entity3 is also aimed at @entity0 . The participation of immune mechanisms raises the question of administering immunomodulating medication, a type of medication that influences viral replication--this is why it is associated with antiviral medication. Other two chronic @entity4 , namely liver @entity2 , in which the main mechanism is a toxic one, and @entity9 can produce via immune mechanisms glomerular involvement. In its turn, @entity6 in advanced stages causes lipid metabolism disturbances with @entity8 , which can influence fatty loading of the liver in the above-mentioned @entity4 . One can speak about a cross-talk between the liver and the kidney, in which immune mechanisms play an important role.

title: XXXX . An Immunologic Cross-talk.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elucidating the microstructural responses of the @entity1 disilicate system like the popular IPS e.max   CAD ( @entity3 ), made specifically for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM), as a temperature-dependent system unravels new ways to enhance material properties and performance. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of various thermal processing on the crystallization kinetics, crystallite microstructure, and strength of @entity3 . METHODS: The control group of the @entity3 samples was heated using the standard manufacturer heating-schedule. Two experimental groups were tested: (1) an extended temperature range (750-840  C vs. 820-840  C) at the segment of 30  C/min heating rate, and (2) a protracted holding time (14min vs. 7min) at the isothermal temperature of 840  C. Five other groups of different heating schedules with lower-targeted temperatures were evaluated to investigate the microstructural changes. For each group, the crystalline phases and morphologies were measured by @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to determine the activation energy of @entity3 under non-isothermal conditions. A universal testing machine was used to measure 3-point flexural strength and @entity0 toughness, and elastic modulus and @entity2 were measured by a nanoindenter. A one-way ANOVA/Tukey was performed per property (alpha=0.05). RESULTS: DSC, @entity4 , and SEM revealed three distinct microstructures during @entity3 crystallization. Significant differences were found between the control group, the two aforementioned experimental groups, and the five lower-targeted-temperature groups per property (p<0.05). The activation energy for @entity1 disilicate growth was 667 (  29.0)kJ/mol. CONCLUSIONS: Groups with the extended temperature range (750-840  C) and protracted holding time (820-840  C H14) produced significantly higher elastic-modulus and @entity2 properties than the control group but showed similar flexural-strength and @entity0 -toughness properties with the control group. In general, rapid growth of @entity1 disilicates occurred only when maximum formation of @entity1 metasilicates had ended.

title: Microstructural evolution and physical behavior of a XXXX disilicate glass-ceramic.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous literature demonstrates the interest of gait analysis to predict @entity1 in old @entity0 . AIMS: This pilot study aims to determine if gait speed or gait variability is a marker able to early identify, among @entity1 ( @entity1 ) subjects, those at risk to develop @entity2 (AD) in the future. METHODS: 13 @entity1 subjects were included in 2007. Their gait parameters (walking speed, stride length and gait frequency, regularity and symmetry) were measured in 2007 and 2008 in simple task (ST) and in dual task (DT) using a triaxial accelerometer (Locometrix(  )). Among the 13 @entity1 subjects included in 2007, 10 were assessed in 2008. So, 23 (13 in 2007  +  10 in 2008) gait tests were collected. In 2011, @entity1 @entity0 were considered as " @entity1 +" when they developed AD (between baseline and 2011) and as " @entity1 -" if they did not. Among the 23 gait tests, 15 were from @entity1 + (9 gait tests in 2007 and 6 in 2008) and 8 from @entity1 - (4 gait tests in 2007 and 4 gait tests in 2008). Mann-Whitney non-parametric U test was used to compare gait parameters of @entity1 + and @entity1 -. RESULTS: Gait speed, symmetry and regularity were lower in @entity1 + than in @entity1 -. DISCUSSION: Despite the small sample size, the results presented in this original pilot study are in line as the infrequent previous literature related to this topic. The authors discuss lacks and strengths of this work. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that both gait speed and gait variability could be markers to early identify @entity1 at risk to develop AD.

title: Gait speed or gait variability, which one to use as a marker of risk to develop XXXX ? A pilot study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Communicating @entity2 (CBPFM) type IA is extremely rare and is associated with a high mortality rate. This @entity2 manifests with communication between the lung and the foregut, and this can lead to esophageal @entity3 and @entity4 (EA- @entity5 ) to the distal pouch. PURPOSE: To detail radiographic findings of CBPFM type IA cases and to summarize an appropriate therapeutic strategy for the management of this disorder. METHODS: Medical data for two @entity0 with CBPFM type IA were retrospectively reviewed with regard to radiographic characteristics, therapy, and outcome. RESULTS: Both cases were initially misdiagnosed due to the presence of EA- @entity5 . Unusual atelectasis of the lateral lung was observed in chest radiographs, while non-aerated hypoplastic right lung and agenesis of the right main bronchus were detected by computed tomography. A final diagnosis was made by esophagogram. Only one @entity0 survived following surgery. CONCLUSION: CBPFM type IA is a rare condition and is extremely difficult to diagnose. However, CBPFM type IA should be suspected in @entity0 manifesting EA and atelectasis of a unilateral lung on a chest radiograph. The decision to perform a pneumonectomy or bronchoplasty depends on the degree of exiting permitted due to @entity1 assessed by computed tomography.

title: Communicating XXXX : radiologic anatomy and clinical dilemmas.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 and elevated BMI in the USA is poorly defined. We aimed to test the hypothesis that @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 who are overweight or @entity2 have increased frequencies of @entity3 , @entity4 , and micro-/macroalbuminuria compared to their healthy weight peers. METHODS: We studied 11,348 @entity0 2 to <18  years of age enrolled in T1D Exchange between September 2010 and August 2012 with type 1 @entity1 for >= 1  year and BMI  >=   5th age-/sex-adjusted percentile (mean age 12  years, 49  % female, 78  % non-Hispanic White). Overweight and @entity2 were defined based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Diagnoses of @entity3 , @entity4 , and micro-/macroalbuminuria were obtained from medical records. Logistic and linear regression models were used to assess factors associated with weight status. RESULTS: Of the 11,348 @entity0 , 22  % were overweight and 14  % @entity2 . @entity3 and @entity4 were diagnosed in 1.0  % and 3.8  % of @entity0 , respectively; micro-/macroalbuminuria was diagnosed in 3.8  % of @entity0 with available data (n  =  7,401). The odds of either @entity3 or @entity4 were higher in @entity2 than healthy weight @entity0 [OR 3.5, 99  % confidence interval (CI) 2.0-6.1 and 2.2, 99  % CI 1.6-3.1, respectively]. Obese @entity0 tended to be diagnosed with micro-/macroalbuminuria less often than healthy weight @entity0 (OR 0.6, 99  % CI 0.4-1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Obese @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 have a higher prevalence of @entity3 and @entity4 than healthy weight @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 . The possible association of @entity2 with lower micro-/macroalbuminuria rates warrants further investigation.

title: Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in youth with type 1 XXXX and elevated body mass index.

answer: @entity1