abstract: 1. The rate of water uptake across the skin was investigated in live @entity6 , an euryhaline frog which has been reported to tolerate sea water. When they were exposed to distilled water at 29 degrees C, the rate of water uptake was 8.4 +/- 0.4 mul./cm(2).hr; when bathed in solutions ranging from 30 to 570 m-osmole/l., irrespective of whether the solute was @entity2 , @entity3 or @entity4 , the rate of fluid uptake during the first day was inversely related to the osmolarity of the solution. No appreciable fluid movement was observed when the bathing solution had an osmolar concentration of 270 m-osmole/l.2. The rate of fluid uptake was not affected by injections of @entity5 , @entity1 or of extracts of amphibian or @entity0 pituitary glands, irrespective of whether @entity6 were bathed in distilled water or in solutions of @entity4 or @entity2 .3. In @entity7 , in contrast with @entity6 , injections of neurohypophysial extracts produced a marked increase of the rate of fluid uptake.4. In the laboratory, @entity6 could be acclimatized stepwise to tolerate @entity4 solutions up to 700 m-osmole/l. for 7 days.5. After 24 hr exposure either to distilled water or to @entity4 solutions from 100 to 670 m-osmole/l., the osmolar concentration of the plasma of @entity6 was always higher than that of the bathing fluid. In R. pipiens or R. temporaria plasma osmolar concentration was higher than that of the bathing fluid only when the latter did not exceed 300 m-osmole/l.6. Under all conditions investigated, the osmolar concentration of the urine of @entity6 was always lower than that of the plasma.7. The amounts of pressor and oxytocic activities of pituitary glands of @entity6 kept in distilled water or in @entity4 solutions up to 300 m-osmole/l. were 8.9 +/- 0.8 and 1.8 +/- 0.3 m-u./gland, irrespective of sex or body weight within the range 30-50 g. After 3 days exposure to hypertonic @entity4 solutions, the amounts of pressor and oxytocic activities were 14.7 +/- 1.2 and 3.1 +/- 0.3 m-u./gland. In both instances the pressor/oxytocic ratio was 4.9. Pituitary glands of R. temporaria similarly showed increased pressor and oxytocic activities after exposure to @entity4 solutions of 300-360 m-osmole/l.

title: Water uptake by the XXXX @entity6 , as affected by osmotic gradients and by neurohypophysial hormones.

answer: @entity6


abstract: 1. The rate of water uptake across the skin was investigated in live @entity6 , an euryhaline frog which has been reported to tolerate sea water. When they were exposed to distilled water at 29 degrees C, the rate of water uptake was 8.4 +/- 0.4 mul./cm(2).hr; when bathed in solutions ranging from 30 to 570 m-osmole/l., irrespective of whether the solute was @entity2 , @entity3 or @entity4 , the rate of fluid uptake during the first day was inversely related to the osmolarity of the solution. No appreciable fluid movement was observed when the bathing solution had an osmolar concentration of 270 m-osmole/l.2. The rate of fluid uptake was not affected by injections of @entity5 , @entity1 or of extracts of amphibian or @entity0 pituitary glands, irrespective of whether @entity6 were bathed in distilled water or in solutions of @entity4 or @entity2 .3. In @entity7 , in contrast with @entity6 , injections of neurohypophysial extracts produced a marked increase of the rate of fluid uptake.4. In the laboratory, @entity6 could be acclimatized stepwise to tolerate @entity4 solutions up to 700 m-osmole/l. for 7 days.5. After 24 hr exposure either to distilled water or to @entity4 solutions from 100 to 670 m-osmole/l., the osmolar concentration of the plasma of @entity6 was always higher than that of the bathing fluid. In R. pipiens or R. temporaria plasma osmolar concentration was higher than that of the bathing fluid only when the latter did not exceed 300 m-osmole/l.6. Under all conditions investigated, the osmolar concentration of the urine of @entity6 was always lower than that of the plasma.7. The amounts of pressor and oxytocic activities of pituitary glands of @entity6 kept in distilled water or in @entity4 solutions up to 300 m-osmole/l. were 8.9 +/- 0.8 and 1.8 +/- 0.3 m-u./gland, irrespective of sex or body weight within the range 30-50 g. After 3 days exposure to hypertonic @entity4 solutions, the amounts of pressor and oxytocic activities were 14.7 +/- 1.2 and 3.1 +/- 0.3 m-u./gland. In both instances the pressor/oxytocic ratio was 4.9. Pituitary glands of R. temporaria similarly showed increased pressor and oxytocic activities after exposure to @entity4 solutions of 300-360 m-osmole/l.

title: Water uptake by the @entity6 XXXX , as affected by osmotic gradients and by neurohypophysial hormones.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess whether @entity5 codon 72 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in a South Korean population. We conducted a population-based, large-scale, case-control study including 3939 @entity0 with @entity1 and 1700 controls. @entity5 codon 72 polymorphism was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequencies of @entity5 codon 72 polymorphisms ( @entity4 / @entity4 , @entity4 /Pro, and Pro/Pro) in @entity1 were 37.0%, 46.2%, and 16.7%, respectively; frequencies in the controls were 43.2%, 45.6%, and 11.2%, respectively (p<0.01). The @entity4 /Pro and Pro/Pro genotype were significantly associated with increased risk of @entity1 (odds ratio (OR)=1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-1.14 and OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.48-2.26, respectively) compared with the @entity4 / @entity4 genotype. Risk was compared in different subgroups. The OR of Pro/Pro genotype was significantly higher in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) than in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Higher OR of Pro/Pro genotype was also seen among males. However, relationships between gender, age, smoking, and genotypes were not found. @entity5 codon 72 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of @entity1 in this Korean population; the association was especially noteworthy in @entity6 , @entity2 , and males.

title: @entity5 codon 72 polymorphism and the risk of XXXX in a Korean population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess whether @entity5 codon 72 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in a South Korean population. We conducted a population-based, large-scale, case-control study including 3939 @entity0 with @entity1 and 1700 controls. @entity5 codon 72 polymorphism was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequencies of @entity5 codon 72 polymorphisms ( @entity4 / @entity4 , @entity4 /Pro, and Pro/Pro) in @entity1 were 37.0%, 46.2%, and 16.7%, respectively; frequencies in the controls were 43.2%, 45.6%, and 11.2%, respectively (p<0.01). The @entity4 /Pro and Pro/Pro genotype were significantly associated with increased risk of @entity1 (odds ratio (OR)=1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-1.14 and OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.48-2.26, respectively) compared with the @entity4 / @entity4 genotype. Risk was compared in different subgroups. The OR of Pro/Pro genotype was significantly higher in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) than in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Higher OR of Pro/Pro genotype was also seen among males. However, relationships between gender, age, smoking, and genotypes were not found. @entity5 codon 72 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of @entity1 in this Korean population; the association was especially noteworthy in @entity6 , @entity2 , and males.

title: XXXX codon 72 polymorphism and the risk of @entity1 in a Korean population.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Few studies have examined the rate of @entity1 for those attending summer camps and other recreational facilities. We developed a surveillance system for the 1985 National @entity0 Scout Jamboree to determine the incidence, nature, and cause of @entity1 among @entity0 . To characterize the more severe @entity1 among scouts, we monitored referral visits to an onsite Army hospital. During the 9 day event there was a total of 179 @entity1 requiring referral visits among the 24,885 scouts, for an overall incidence of 8.5 @entity1 per 10,000 @entity0 -days. Twenty-eight @entity1 (16%) involved @entity2 . Ten @entity1 required hospitalization, for an overall rate of 0.5 per 10,000 @entity0 -days. Thirty-six (20%) of the @entity1 occurred during six organized athletic activities. Of these six, two new Jamboree activities, the bucking bronco and bicycle motocross racing, had the highest event-specific rates, 14.4 and 11.4 @entity1 per 10,000 @entity0 , respectively. These two events also accounted for one-third of all @entity2 . In contrast, there were no firearm-related @entity1 among the 32,616 @entity0 in riflery events. This simple and inexpensive surveillance system provided a mechanism for monitoring activity modifications, as well as useful information for the selection and planning of organized activities at future Jamborees and similar recreational events.

title: Injury surveillance at the 1985 National XXXX Scout Jamboree.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Helmets are effective in decreasing maxillofacial @entity1 in motorcycle crashes. The impact, however, of motorcycle crashes on the location and patterns of @entity4 among helmeted versus unhelmeted @entity0 has not been examined. In the present study, 331 injured motorcyclists were evaluated to compare the incidence of craniofacial and @entity5 in 77 (23%) helmeted and 254 (77%) nonhelmeted @entity0 . Nonhelmeted motorcyclists were three times more likely to @entity3 (5.2% vs. 16.1%) than those wearing helmets (p < 0.01). Skull @entity3 occurred in only one helmeted @entity0 (1.2%), compared with 36 (12.3%) of nonhelmeted @entity0 (p < or = 0.01). The incidence of @entity5 was not significantly different between the two groups. Blood @entity2 levels demonstrated that 12% of the helmeted group were legally intoxicated (blood @entity2 level > 100 mg/dL), in contrast to 37.9% of the nonhelmeted motorcyclists (p < or = 0.01). Failure to wear a helmet resulted in a significantly higher incidence of @entity4 among @entity0 involved in motorcycle crashes, but did not affect @entity5 or mortality. @entity2 usage seemed to correlate with failure to use helmets. Helmet use should be legally mandated on a national level for all motorcyclists.

title: Craniofacial XXXX in injured motorcyclists: the impact of helmet usage.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated the efficacy of @entity3 :yttrium- @entity4 -garnet laser welding of flaps in @entity2 arteries and in securing the distal flap during @entity0 carotid endarterectomy. METHODS: Endarterectomy flaps were created in both common carotid and both common femoral arteries in 12 @entity2 . The flaps were repaired with either the neodymium:yttrium- @entity4 -garnet laser or with 6-0 @entity5 sutures. The arteries were removed after duplex scanning at either 7 or 28 days. Eighteen high carotid endarterectomy flaps in 16 @entity0 have been subsequently secured with the laser welding technique. RESULTS: Laser repairs (125 +/- 19 joule) of the @entity2 arteries were completed more quickly than suture repairs (mean 25 seconds vs 135 seconds, respectively; p < 0.04). Duplex ultrasonography revealed no discernable differences between the two groups of arteries. Arteries studied at 7 days revealed three microscopic flaps (two suture, one laser), more subintimal fibroblastic proliferation in suture than laser-repaired carotid arteries (3: 1, p = 0.0530), and similar amounts of @entity1 in suture- and laser-repaired arteries. Arteries studied at 28 days revealed one microscopic intimal flap (suture-repaired); equal fibroblastic and inflammatory responses in suture- and laser-repaired vessels; and no evidence of laser thermal injury. Eighteen carotid endarterectomy flaps have been successfully fused with no immediate or long-term complications in 16 @entity0 (follow-up of 0 to 24 months). CONCLUSION: Laser fusion appears to be a safe and effective method for securing distal carotid endarterectomy flaps.

title: @entity3 :yttrium- XXXX -garnet laser fusion of endarterectomy flaps.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated the efficacy of @entity3 :yttrium- @entity4 -garnet laser welding of flaps in @entity2 arteries and in securing the distal flap during @entity0 carotid endarterectomy. METHODS: Endarterectomy flaps were created in both common carotid and both common femoral arteries in 12 @entity2 . The flaps were repaired with either the neodymium:yttrium- @entity4 -garnet laser or with 6-0 @entity5 sutures. The arteries were removed after duplex scanning at either 7 or 28 days. Eighteen high carotid endarterectomy flaps in 16 @entity0 have been subsequently secured with the laser welding technique. RESULTS: Laser repairs (125 +/- 19 joule) of the @entity2 arteries were completed more quickly than suture repairs (mean 25 seconds vs 135 seconds, respectively; p < 0.04). Duplex ultrasonography revealed no discernable differences between the two groups of arteries. Arteries studied at 7 days revealed three microscopic flaps (two suture, one laser), more subintimal fibroblastic proliferation in suture than laser-repaired carotid arteries (3: 1, p = 0.0530), and similar amounts of @entity1 in suture- and laser-repaired arteries. Arteries studied at 28 days revealed one microscopic intimal flap (suture-repaired); equal fibroblastic and inflammatory responses in suture- and laser-repaired vessels; and no evidence of laser thermal injury. Eighteen carotid endarterectomy flaps have been successfully fused with no immediate or long-term complications in 16 @entity0 (follow-up of 0 to 24 months). CONCLUSION: Laser fusion appears to be a safe and effective method for securing distal carotid endarterectomy flaps.

title: XXXX :yttrium- @entity4 -garnet laser fusion of endarterectomy flaps.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathophysiologic mechanisms behind the development of @entity4 during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and the possible relationship to alterations of @entity7 activities in different tissues are not fully known. It is also unknown whether continuous and discontinuous administration of @entity6 affect lipid metabolism differently. METHODS: TPN, including 8.4 g of @entity5 per kilogram per day, was given for 10 days to two groups of male @entity0 that received the infusions discontinuously and continuously, respectively. Freely fed @entity0 were used as controls. RESULTS: TPN led to @entity2 and accumulation of @entity5 in the liver. High-density lipoproteins were enriched in @entity5 , whereas high-density lipoprotein @entity1 and phospholipid levels were low. The activities of @entity8 were markedly decreased, and @entity7 activities in adipose tissue and in cardiac muscle were both up-regulated. The increased levels of @entity1 and phospholipids in the serum of TPN animals were more pronounced after discontinuous administration. CONCLUSIONS: TPN including lipids interferes with the normal regulation of lipid metabolism. Although the mechanisms remain obscure, the elevation of @entity7 activities seems functionally important to accommodate the increased input of @entity5 during TPN. Possibly, the observed alterations in lipase activities may be attributed to a state of @entity3 .

title: Effects of total parenteral nutrition on lipid metabolism in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We discuss the efficacy and limitations of CT and MRI in the assessment of the pleura and @entity9 . With CT and MRI findings from 610 @entity0 , we address six topics: 1) Normal anatomy of the @entity9 , 2) Pleural effusion, 3) @entity2 , 4) Pyothorax, 5) @entity1 , and 6) The pleura as a mirror of @entity4 . CT showed specific findings of acute @entity7 . MRI was sensitive enough for the diagnosis of @entity7 and chylothorax. In the evaluation of @entity2 , CT and MRI revealed specific evidence of pedunculated localized fibrous @entity2 and @entity5 . In long-standing pyothorax, it is important to detect any associated secondary @entity2 . CT and MRI show as a mass penetrating the bony thorax. B-cell non-Hodgkin @entity8 is the most commonly associated @entity2 . The sensitivities for diagnosis of pleural extension of @entity3 are 80% with CT and 86% with MRI. The specificities are 89% with CT and 75% with MRI. To study the pleura as a mirror of @entity4 , we used high resolution CT to examine 104 @entity0 without evidence of the diseases mentioned above. Eighteen of those 104 @entity0 were found to have @entity6 , and all 18 were smokers. Of the 24 non-smokers, none had @entity6 . The difference in the occurrence of @entity6 between smokers and non-smokers was significant (p < 0.01).

title: [Radiological approach to the pleura and XXXX with CT and MRI].

answer: @entity9


abstract: The extraction of circulating antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies by plasmapheresis (PP) has allowed the prognosis of @entity5 to markedly improve. Immunoabsorption (IA) may improve the results of PP upon allowing more effective immunoglobulin extraction. Two @entity0 with @entity5 were treated with IA. A rapid decrease was observed in the serum levels of anti GBM antibodies and improvement in @entity4 . In one of the @entity0 this regimen was administered following the observation of a lack of clinical response of @entity3 in three PP sessions (9 liters of treated plasma). In this @entity0 , the IA processed 39 liters of plasma and the method was found to be equally effective on reinstatement (29 liters) on the occasion of a relapse in the pulmonary symptoms presented at three weeks after the first treatment. Both cases showed @entity1 . In one case this was incipient and the treatment was associated with non progression of the @entity1 , normalization of the urine sediment and preservation of renal function. In the second case treatment was initiated at an advanced disease state with no changes in dialysis needs. Immunoadsorption has shown to be effective in the treatment of @entity3 in @entity5 . Onset of treatment at an early stage of the @entity1 may avoid progression to @entity2 .

title: [Therapeutic immunoadsorption in XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Although magnetic resonance imaging has been proposed for the diagnosis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), its role in diagnostic strategy remains to be defined. We compared prospectively magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with two-dimensional time-of-flight with contrast venography (CV) and colour duplex sonography (CDS) in 25 @entity0 with @entity3 of the pelvis confirmed by CV. All @entity0 were examined by CV (gold standard) and MRA and 17 by CDS. These studies were compared for @entity3 diagnosis in the pelvis and inferior vena cava and analysis of @entity2 spread. MRA was positive in 25 @entity0 whose @entity3 was diagnosed by CV (100% sensitivity). MRA sensitivity and negative predictive value were 100%, specificity 98.5% and positive predictive value 97.5% for the diagnosis of @entity2 at each anatomic level. There were discrepancies between MRA and CV (2 false-positive results for 2 venous segments) and between CDS and CV (2 false-positive and 3 false-negative results). CV was uninterpretable for 8.8% of segments and CDS was often technically limited to the pelvic level, whereas all venous segments explored were analysable in MRA. MRA gave excellent results for positive diagnosis and @entity3 spread. MRA is a potentially valuable technique for assessing iliofemorocaval @entity1 .

title: Angiomagnetic resonance imaging of iliofemorocaval XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Pregnant lacZ+ @entity0 (Muta @entity0 ) were treated with @entity1 (25 mg/kg) by oral gavage on day 10.5 of pregnancy. This dose of @entity1 is the optimal dose observed by other investigators for activity in the @entity0 coat colour spot test. Day 10.5 of pregnancy represents the stage when the embryonic liver first becomes visually discernable. By day 15.5, when the maternal and embryonic livers were analysed for lacZ- mutation frequency, the embryonic liver is the largest tissue in the embryo (approximately 25 mg). These experiments therefore represent treatment of a small pool of progenitor hepatocytes just as they are entering into an intense wave of cell division--optimum conditions for the fixation of mutations. Exposure to @entity1 led to an average fourfold, and a maximum tenfold increase in mutation frequency in the embryonic livers. This relatively weak response is consistent with lacZ- mutants not having a growth advantage; unlike in the @entity0 spot test, clonal amplification of lacZ- mutants cannot be separately scored. The level of mutation in the control embryonic livers was lower than that of the maternal control livers, but the group sizes were too small to conclude this definitively. Embryonic livers from each individual mother showed a range of mutation frequencies that were not obviously related to that of the maternal liver. On a treatment group basis, @entity1 was non-mutagenic to maternal livers. Half of the embryonic livers yielded DNA that failed to package, despite repeated attempts and re-isolation of the DNA from the liver. The cause of this unexpected finding is not clear. What is clear is that it was not due to the @entity1 treatment because eight of 22 control embryonic livers behaved similarly. These preliminary results suggest that further research is required in order to establish a practical transgenic analogue of the @entity0 coat colour spot test.

title: Consideration of the liver of embryonic lacZ XXXX as an analogue of the @entity0 coat colour spot test: preliminary data and technical problems.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Pregnant lacZ+ @entity0 (Muta @entity0 ) were treated with @entity1 (25 mg/kg) by oral gavage on day 10.5 of pregnancy. This dose of @entity1 is the optimal dose observed by other investigators for activity in the @entity0 coat colour spot test. Day 10.5 of pregnancy represents the stage when the embryonic liver first becomes visually discernable. By day 15.5, when the maternal and embryonic livers were analysed for lacZ- mutation frequency, the embryonic liver is the largest tissue in the embryo (approximately 25 mg). These experiments therefore represent treatment of a small pool of progenitor hepatocytes just as they are entering into an intense wave of cell division--optimum conditions for the fixation of mutations. Exposure to @entity1 led to an average fourfold, and a maximum tenfold increase in mutation frequency in the embryonic livers. This relatively weak response is consistent with lacZ- mutants not having a growth advantage; unlike in the @entity0 spot test, clonal amplification of lacZ- mutants cannot be separately scored. The level of mutation in the control embryonic livers was lower than that of the maternal control livers, but the group sizes were too small to conclude this definitively. Embryonic livers from each individual mother showed a range of mutation frequencies that were not obviously related to that of the maternal liver. On a treatment group basis, @entity1 was non-mutagenic to maternal livers. Half of the embryonic livers yielded DNA that failed to package, despite repeated attempts and re-isolation of the DNA from the liver. The cause of this unexpected finding is not clear. What is clear is that it was not due to the @entity1 treatment because eight of 22 control embryonic livers behaved similarly. These preliminary results suggest that further research is required in order to establish a practical transgenic analogue of the @entity0 coat colour spot test.

title: Consideration of the liver of embryonic lacZ @entity0 as an analogue of the XXXX coat colour spot test: preliminary data and technical problems.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a soft tissue sarcoma of @entity0 mainly involving lower extremities usually presenting during the first year of life. A subset of cases occur in the head and neck, but scalp involvement is exceptionally rare. @entity0 AND METHODS: We report clinicopathological features of three cases of @entity5 involving the scalp diagnosed between 2011 and 2012. RESULTS: The ages of the three @entity0 at the time of diagnosis ranged from 12 to 90  days (mean 48  days). All were males and presented with @entity2 at birth which grew rapidly in size. The @entity3 was located in the left temporal region in two cases and the right temporoparietal region in one case. On imaging, underlying bone involvement was noted in two cases. The mean size of the resected @entity3 was 8  cm. All cases exhibited a cellular @entity3 arranged in sheets of uniform oval to spindle cells, increased mitosis, and @entity6 -like vessels. All @entity0 are alive after a mean follow-up of 39.6  months. Recurrence was seen in one case due to incomplete excision. No @entity1 was seen in any of the cases. CONCLUSION: @entity5 of the scalp is rare and carries a good prognosis. Underlying @entity4 is rare but was noted seen in two of our cases. A male predominance was seen in our cases.

title: XXXX of the scalp: a case series and review of literature.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 is a hallmark of chronically inflamed tissue. @entity5 develops from @entity4 and increased @entity1 consumption by infiltrating leukocytes. With respect to @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity5 is likely to be of particular importance: Impairment of the intestinal barrier during @entity2 allows @entity5 from the lumen of the gut to spread to formerly normoxic tissue. In addition, disturbed perfusion of inflamed tissue and a higher @entity1 demand of infiltrating immune cells lead to low @entity1 levels in inflamed mucosal tissue. Here, cells become @entity5 and must now adapt to this condition. The @entity5 inducible factor (HIF)-1 complex is a key transcription factor for cellular adaption to low @entity1 tension. HIF-1 is a heterodimer formed by two subunits: HIF-a (either @entity7 or @entity10 ) and @entity11 . Under normoxic conditions, hydroxylation of the HIF-a subunit by specific @entity1 -dependent @entity9 hydroxylases (PHDs) leads to ubiquitin proteasome-dependent degradation. Under @entity5 conditions, however, @entity8 activity is inhibited; thus, HIF-a can translocate into the nucleus, dimerize with @entity11 , and bind to @entity5 -responsive elements of HIF-1 target genes. So far, most studies have addressed the function of @entity7 in intestinal epithelial cells and the effect of HIF stabilization by @entity8 inhibitors in @entity0 models of @entity6 . Furthermore, the role of @entity7 in immune cells becomes more and more important as T cells or dendritic cells for which HIF-1 is of critical importance are highly involved in the pathogenesis of @entity2 . This review will summarize the function of @entity7 and the therapeutic prospects for targeting the HIF pathway in @entity3 .

title: XXXX sensing in @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 is a hallmark of chronically inflamed tissue. @entity5 develops from @entity4 and increased @entity1 consumption by infiltrating leukocytes. With respect to @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity5 is likely to be of particular importance: Impairment of the intestinal barrier during @entity2 allows @entity5 from the lumen of the gut to spread to formerly normoxic tissue. In addition, disturbed perfusion of inflamed tissue and a higher @entity1 demand of infiltrating immune cells lead to low @entity1 levels in inflamed mucosal tissue. Here, cells become @entity5 and must now adapt to this condition. The @entity5 inducible factor (HIF)-1 complex is a key transcription factor for cellular adaption to low @entity1 tension. HIF-1 is a heterodimer formed by two subunits: HIF-a (either @entity7 or @entity10 ) and @entity11 . Under normoxic conditions, hydroxylation of the HIF-a subunit by specific @entity1 -dependent @entity9 hydroxylases (PHDs) leads to ubiquitin proteasome-dependent degradation. Under @entity5 conditions, however, @entity8 activity is inhibited; thus, HIF-a can translocate into the nucleus, dimerize with @entity11 , and bind to @entity5 -responsive elements of HIF-1 target genes. So far, most studies have addressed the function of @entity7 in intestinal epithelial cells and the effect of HIF stabilization by @entity8 inhibitors in @entity0 models of @entity6 . Furthermore, the role of @entity7 in immune cells becomes more and more important as T cells or dendritic cells for which HIF-1 is of critical importance are highly involved in the pathogenesis of @entity2 . This review will summarize the function of @entity7 and the therapeutic prospects for targeting the HIF pathway in @entity3 .

title: @entity1 sensing in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Anatomical and histopathological findings in 12 cases of @entity12 (nine with classic full trisomy and three with trisomy 13 and an unbalanced Robertsonian 13/13 translocation) are reported. Emphasis is on the brain defects, @entity7 , and histological organ @entity8 . Eight @entity0 showed @entity3 ( @entity11 ). @entity2 were invariably present, the leading @entity5 being an infundibular @entity9 often in combination with dextroposition of the aorta and @entity4 . @entity7 giving evidence of organ @entity8 were observed in the central nervous system, eyes, pancreas, kidneys, and ovaries. Mild @entity1 was a constant feature. Foci of persistent nodular renal blastema were found in six cases. The @entity6 appears to be pathognomonic for trisomy 13. These observations illustrate the importance of pathological studies in the recognition of @entity10 and, more specifically, of @entity12 . Based on autopsy data, trisomy 13 can be diagnosed - or ruled out - with certainty, even in the absence of karyotyping.

title: The pathology of XXXX . A study of 12 cases.

answer: @entity12


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reduced motor performance can negatively affect physical activity and social partake after @entity1 . Especially in @entity3 @entity0 , who are at risk of physical limitations due to surgical interventions, motor performance has not yet been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing motor performance in pediatric @entity3 @entity0 . PROCEDURE: Motor performance was measured within 2 years posttreatment using the MOON (test for MOtor performance in pediatric ONcology) test. This instrument enables quantitative data collection even in physically impaired @entity0 for comparison with age-matched and sex-matched reference values. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity0 (13 male) ages 15.2  2.1 years (median: 15 y, 10 to 19 y) and 9.4  7.4 months posttreatment (median: 6 mo, 2 to 24 mo) were tested. Motor performance was slightly reduced in muscular endurance of the legs; significantly reduced in speed, flexibility, @entity2 , and muscular explosive strength (P<0.001), whereas @entity0 ' hand grip strength and static balance were superior to the reference values. Follow-up duration, body mass index, and @entity1 localization apparently affected motor performance. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show serious reductions in motor performance within 2 years after @entity3 treatment and highlight the need for interventions to improve motor performance. The results should be used to advise and support @entity0 to engage in suitable physical and sports activities.

title: Motor Performance After Treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Three patterns of care outcome surveys in @entity2 totalling 1516 @entity0 had been combined and analyzed for the effect of dose on infield recurrence. There are significant dose effects observed in the overall data (1516 @entity0 , p = .003), @entity1 (725 @entity0 , p = .004) and @entity1 (624 @entity0 , p = .059). No dose effect was observed for @entity1 (168 @entity0 , p = .217) within the dose range observed (5500 cGy to greater than 7000 cGy). For @entity0 with Stage B @entity1 one may conclude that dose between 6000 cGy and 6999 cGy is appropriate. @entity0 treated to less than 6000 cGy show a highly significant increase in local failure. @entity0 treated to greater than 7000 cGy do not show a demonstrable improvement in local control, but do show an increase in complications. @entity0 with Stage C @entity1 appear to require dose that is equal or greater than 7000 cGy to obtain the best local control, and the potential increased morbidity of these high doses appears to be justified in this stage of the disease. @entity0 who have been given hormonal therapy more than 1 month prior to radiation therapy show an increase in local failure rate for all stages of @entity1 . This is presumed to be the selection of poor risk @entity0 for adjuvant hormonal treatment or by referring non-responding hormone treated @entity0 for radiation therapy. Histologic grade exerts a major influence on local failure for @entity0 with Stage C disease (p = less than .001), identifying an important stratification point for prospective clinical trials and a sub-group for which it is important to develop strategies for improving local control. The policy of treating all stages of @entity2 with the same dose is not supported by these data.

title: The effect of dose on local control of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: One-hundred-eight @entity0 from a consecutive series of 125 anterior lumbar interbody fusions were invited to participate in a radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging assessment more than 10 years after the original surgery. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the long-term incidence of @entity1 adjacent to an anterior interbody fusion and to determine whether this was influenced by the length of the fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Biomechanical studies in @entity0 cadaver spines support the view that fusion in the lumbar spine is likely to be associated with an increased incidence of degeneration at adjacent levels, but there is little reliable information on the incidence of juxtafusion degeneration from the few long-term studies of lumbar spine fusion reported in the literature. METHODS: Eighty-seven @entity0 agreed to take part in the study, but in six cases the magnetic resonance imaging procedure had to be abandoned. Of the 81 @entity0 who underwent both radiographic assessment and magnetic resonance imaging scanning, preoperative discography had demonstrated a normal disc above the level of the fusion in 52. This group of @entity0 formed the basis of this report. Each sequence of magnetic resonance imaging films was examined by one radiologist. The signal strength was assessed on T2-weighted images in the sagittal plane and disc morphology was assessed on T1- and T2-weighted sagittal and T1-weighted axial images. Fusion status was assessed on the plain films and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: The incidence of a normal adjacent intervertebral disc in cases of solid fusions to the sacrum was 68%. This was not influenced by the length of the fusion. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that degeneration after an anterior lumbar interbody fusion is determined more by individual characteristics than by the fusion itself.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of XXXX 10 years after anterior lumbar interbody fusion.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Anecdotal reports of increased libido and sexual function in @entity0 taking @entity3 have led to its empirical use in @entity0 with @entity1 . A retrospective review of @entity0 -reported responses to @entity3 was performed to outline the efficacy and side-effect profile of this agent. METHODS: Between 1989 and 1994, 182 @entity0 were placed on oral @entity3 as empirical therapy for @entity1 . @entity0 ranged in age from 26 to 85 years, with a mean of 60 years. @entity0 were evaluated before receiving @entity3 with a thorough medical history and physical examination. Known risk factors for @entity1 were assigned based on historical information and the findings of the examination. @entity0 received @entity3 for at least 2 consecutive months, with daily doses starting at 25 mg. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-seven @entity0 were available for follow-up by a standardized questionnaire regarding perceived improvement in erectile function, sexual function, and side effects. In @entity0 less than 60 years of age, with no known risk factors for @entity1 , 21 of 27 (78%) showed significant improvement in erectile ability. Smokers and @entity0 older than 60 years with a history of significant @entity2 responded poorly to @entity3 therapy. The duration of @entity1 was inversely related to a response to @entity3 . Of @entity0 with a duration of @entity1 less than 12 months, 48% reported a positive response. Only 16% of @entity0 with duration of @entity1 greater than 60 months reported improvement in erections and sexual function. @entity3 was well tolerated by this population, with 62% reporting no side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of a nonrandomized, retrospective study, @entity3 appears to benefit younger @entity0 with @entity1 with few known risk factors. A prospective, placebo-controlled trial is needed to confirm the observations of this pilot study.

title: Oral @entity3 as empirical therapy for XXXX : a retrospective review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Anecdotal reports of increased libido and sexual function in @entity0 taking @entity3 have led to its empirical use in @entity0 with @entity1 . A retrospective review of @entity0 -reported responses to @entity3 was performed to outline the efficacy and side-effect profile of this agent. METHODS: Between 1989 and 1994, 182 @entity0 were placed on oral @entity3 as empirical therapy for @entity1 . @entity0 ranged in age from 26 to 85 years, with a mean of 60 years. @entity0 were evaluated before receiving @entity3 with a thorough medical history and physical examination. Known risk factors for @entity1 were assigned based on historical information and the findings of the examination. @entity0 received @entity3 for at least 2 consecutive months, with daily doses starting at 25 mg. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-seven @entity0 were available for follow-up by a standardized questionnaire regarding perceived improvement in erectile function, sexual function, and side effects. In @entity0 less than 60 years of age, with no known risk factors for @entity1 , 21 of 27 (78%) showed significant improvement in erectile ability. Smokers and @entity0 older than 60 years with a history of significant @entity2 responded poorly to @entity3 therapy. The duration of @entity1 was inversely related to a response to @entity3 . Of @entity0 with a duration of @entity1 less than 12 months, 48% reported a positive response. Only 16% of @entity0 with duration of @entity1 greater than 60 months reported improvement in erections and sexual function. @entity3 was well tolerated by this population, with 62% reporting no side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of a nonrandomized, retrospective study, @entity3 appears to benefit younger @entity0 with @entity1 with few known risk factors. A prospective, placebo-controlled trial is needed to confirm the observations of this pilot study.

title: Oral XXXX as empirical therapy for @entity1 : a retrospective review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: As the @entity0 body ages, the risk of @entity4 and @entity1 greatly increases. While there is evidence that lifelong exercise is beneficial to the heart's health, the effects of beginning exercise later in life remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether exercise training started later in life is beneficial to cardiac aging in @entity3 . We examined 4-week-old wild-type virgin female flies that were exposed to exercise periods of either 1.5, 2.0, or 2.5 h per day, 5 days a week for 2 weeks. Using M-mode traces to analyze cardiac function by looking at parameters including heart rate, rhythmicity, systolic and diastolic diameter, and interval and fractional @entity7 , we found that cardiac function declined with age, shown by an increase in the number of @entity5 events and a decrease in fractional @entity7 . About 2.0 and 2.5 h of exercise per day displayed a reduced incidence of @entity5 events, and only physical exercise lasting 2.5-h period increased fractional @entity7 and total sleep time in @entity3 . These data suggested that training exercise needs to be performed for longer duration to exert physiological benefits for the aging heart. Additionally, climbing ability to assess the exercise-induced @entity2 was also measured. We found that 2.0 and 2.5 h of exercise caused exercise-induced @entity6 , and fatiguing exercise is beneficial for cardiac and healthy aging overall. This study provides a basis for further study in @entity0 on the impact of beginning an exercise regimen later in life on cardiac health.

title: Fatiguing exercise initiated later in life reduces incidence of @entity5 and improves sleep quality in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: As the @entity0 body ages, the risk of @entity4 and @entity1 greatly increases. While there is evidence that lifelong exercise is beneficial to the heart's health, the effects of beginning exercise later in life remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether exercise training started later in life is beneficial to cardiac aging in @entity3 . We examined 4-week-old wild-type virgin female flies that were exposed to exercise periods of either 1.5, 2.0, or 2.5 h per day, 5 days a week for 2 weeks. Using M-mode traces to analyze cardiac function by looking at parameters including heart rate, rhythmicity, systolic and diastolic diameter, and interval and fractional @entity7 , we found that cardiac function declined with age, shown by an increase in the number of @entity5 events and a decrease in fractional @entity7 . About 2.0 and 2.5 h of exercise per day displayed a reduced incidence of @entity5 events, and only physical exercise lasting 2.5-h period increased fractional @entity7 and total sleep time in @entity3 . These data suggested that training exercise needs to be performed for longer duration to exert physiological benefits for the aging heart. Additionally, climbing ability to assess the exercise-induced @entity2 was also measured. We found that 2.0 and 2.5 h of exercise caused exercise-induced @entity6 , and fatiguing exercise is beneficial for cardiac and healthy aging overall. This study provides a basis for further study in @entity0 on the impact of beginning an exercise regimen later in life on cardiac health.

title: Fatiguing exercise initiated later in life reduces incidence of XXXX and improves sleep quality in @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The effects of the 27 X 10(3) Mr insecticidal delta-endotoxin from @entity2 have been studied using, as a model system, isolated insect Malpighian tubules. At all concentrations of the @entity3 higher than 1 microgram ml-1 (4 X 10(-8) moll-1) applied to the outer surface of the tubules, fluid secretion failed within about 30 min. Except at very high concentrations, where @entity0 always takes at least 30 s, there was an inverse relationship between the concentration of @entity3 and the time of @entity0 of @entity3 -treated tubules. During exposure to @entity3 , the tubules were initially unaffected for a relatively long period and then rapid @entity0 occurred. If the tubules were removed into @entity3 -free saline just before @entity0 would have occurred, fluid secretion remained normal for at least 2 h, but on return to the origin @entity3 -containing saline @entity0 was almost immediate. The @entity3 was found not to bind to the basement membrane. Ultrastructural changes became evident as tubule @entity0 occurred. These initially involved modifications to the basal side of the cells, but later also to the luminal microvilli. Intercellular junctions became disassociated and cytoplasmic vacuolization occurred. The population of intramembranous particles in the basal membranes became reduced with time. Our findings suggest the following hypothesis for the initial stages in the interaction of the @entity3 with the tubules. @entity3 molecules attach to the accessible cell membranes progressively and irreversibly. They do not readily associate by diffusing laterally in the membrane, so that toxic effects develop only when sufficiently large numbers of them attach close together. The molecules may then associate in some way as a complex, perhaps forming a pore in the membrane. Relatively few such pores lead rapidly to cell @entity0 and @entity1 .

title: The initial stages in the action of an insecticidal delta-endotoxin of XXXX on the epithelial cells of the malpighian tubules of the insect, Rhodnius prolixus.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Measuring activity spaces, places adolescents spend time, provides information about relations between contextual exposures and @entity0 . We studied whether contextual exposures in adolescents' activity spaces differ from contextual risks present in residential contexts and examined relationships between contextual exposures in activity spaces and @entity2 /marijuana use. METHODS: Adolescents (N  = 18) aged 16-17 years carried @entity1 ( @entity1 )-enabled smartphones for 1 week, with locations tracked. Activity spaces were created by connecting @entity1 points sequentially and adding buffers. Contextual exposure data (e.g., @entity2 outlets) were connected to routes. Adolescents completed texts regarding behaviors. RESULTS: Adolescent activity spaces intersected 24.3 census tracts and contained nine times more @entity2 outlets than that of residential census tracts. Outlet exposure in activity spaces was related to drinking. Low-socioeconomic status exposure was related to marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest substantial differences between activity spaces and residential contexts and suggest that activity spaces are relevant for adolescent @entity0 .

title: Tracking Adolescents With Global Positioning System-Enabled Cell Phones to Study Contextual Exposures and XXXX and Marijuana Use: A Pilot Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The immunological detection of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and the functional release of @entity5 (R123) have been compared in a number of @entity0 and @entity2 @entity1 cell lines, in chemo- and/or radiotherapy-resistant subclones, and in clinical specimens from @entity0 . The chemoresistance level was established from the viability index (IC50) in the presence of @entity3 . Cytocentrifuge preparations were immunostained with JSB-1 monoclonal antibody followed by the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique. The strength of the reaction was quantified by a digital image analyser. The kinetic incorporation and release of @entity5 were evaluated by flow cytometry. The parent cell lines and radiotherapy resistant subclones showed a low IC50, were JSB-1 negative and retained R123 during the whole experiment, while the chemoresistant and radio-chemoresistant cell line mutants had a high IC50, were JSB-1 positive, and actively pumped the R123 out of the cells. Good correlations were obtained between the IC50, the digital image analysis, and flow cytometry. The kinetic profile of the R123 release allowed the distinction between typical and atypical multidrug resistance phenotypes. These findings were confirmed in clinical specimens from @entity0 . We conclude that antigenic and functional studies are complementary and are useful in experimental and clinical approaches to multidrug resistance.

title: Comparative study of multidrug resistance evaluated by means of the quantitative immunohistochemical detection of @entity4 and the functional release of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The immunological detection of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and the functional release of @entity5 (R123) have been compared in a number of @entity0 and @entity2 @entity1 cell lines, in chemo- and/or radiotherapy-resistant subclones, and in clinical specimens from @entity0 . The chemoresistance level was established from the viability index (IC50) in the presence of @entity3 . Cytocentrifuge preparations were immunostained with JSB-1 monoclonal antibody followed by the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique. The strength of the reaction was quantified by a digital image analyser. The kinetic incorporation and release of @entity5 were evaluated by flow cytometry. The parent cell lines and radiotherapy resistant subclones showed a low IC50, were JSB-1 negative and retained R123 during the whole experiment, while the chemoresistant and radio-chemoresistant cell line mutants had a high IC50, were JSB-1 positive, and actively pumped the R123 out of the cells. Good correlations were obtained between the IC50, the digital image analysis, and flow cytometry. The kinetic profile of the R123 release allowed the distinction between typical and atypical multidrug resistance phenotypes. These findings were confirmed in clinical specimens from @entity0 . We conclude that antigenic and functional studies are complementary and are useful in experimental and clinical approaches to multidrug resistance.

title: Comparative study of multidrug resistance evaluated by means of the quantitative immunohistochemical detection of XXXX and the functional release of @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Published prognostic models for overall survival after liver resection for @entity2 require external validation before use in clinical practice. STUDY DESIGN: From January 1993 to May 2013, consecutive @entity0 who underwent resection of @entity2 were identified from a prospective database. The Wang nomogram was derived in an Asian cohort (n = 367) and included clinicopathologic variables and preoperative @entity1 levels. The Hyder nomogram was derived in an Eastern and Western multicenter cohort (n = 514) using clinicopathologic variables only. The AJCC Cancer Staging System (7th ed) and the preoperative Fudan risk score were also evaluated. Prognostic performance was assessed in terms of discrimination, calibration, and stratification. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-eight @entity0 were included, with a median follow-up of 41 months. Median overall survival was 48.7 months and estimated 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 59% and 45%, respectively. Overall survival prediction accuracy, according to concordance-index calculation, was 0.72 with the Wang nomogram, 0.66 with the Hyder nomogram, 0.63 with the AJCC system, and 0.55 using the Fudan score. Both nomograms provided effective @entity0 stratification in distinct survival groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both the Wang and Hyder nomograms provided accurate @entity0 prognosis estimation after liver resection for @entity2 and can be useful for decision making about adjuvant therapy. The Wang nomogram appears to be more appropriate in @entity0 undergoing formal portal lymphadenectomy and requires preoperative @entity1 levels for optimal performance.

title: Outcomes after Resection of XXXX : External Validation and Comparison of Prognostic Models.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 repair (LVHR) is associated with considerable @entity2 . Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks have proven effective in controlling @entity2 in a variety of laparoscopic abdominal operations. To date, no studies have focused on TAP blocks in LVHR. Our goal was to assess whether TAP blocks reduce opioid requirements and @entity1 scores after LVHR. STUDY DESIGN: @entity0 undergoing LVHR were randomly assigned to receive a TAP block or placebo injection. The primary end points were cumulative opioid use at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours postoperatively and @entity1 scores recorded at 1 and 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: @entity0 in the experimental TAP group (n  = 52) and control group (n  = 48) were comparable with respect to @entity0 demographics and clinical characteristics. In the postanesthesia care unit, the TAP group had significantly lower @entity1 scores than the control group (p < 0.05). @entity0 in the TAP group used less opioids than the control group at each time point assessed after 6 hours postoperatively (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in @entity1 scores at 24 hours postoperatively (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Transversus abdominis plane blocks given during LVHR significantly decrease both short-term postoperative opioid use and @entity1 experienced by @entity0 .

title: Laparoscopic-Assisted Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for XXXX Control in @entity3 : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 repair (LVHR) is associated with considerable @entity2 . Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks have proven effective in controlling @entity2 in a variety of laparoscopic abdominal operations. To date, no studies have focused on TAP blocks in LVHR. Our goal was to assess whether TAP blocks reduce opioid requirements and @entity1 scores after LVHR. STUDY DESIGN: @entity0 undergoing LVHR were randomly assigned to receive a TAP block or placebo injection. The primary end points were cumulative opioid use at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours postoperatively and @entity1 scores recorded at 1 and 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: @entity0 in the experimental TAP group (n  = 52) and control group (n  = 48) were comparable with respect to @entity0 demographics and clinical characteristics. In the postanesthesia care unit, the TAP group had significantly lower @entity1 scores than the control group (p < 0.05). @entity0 in the TAP group used less opioids than the control group at each time point assessed after 6 hours postoperatively (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in @entity1 scores at 24 hours postoperatively (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Transversus abdominis plane blocks given during LVHR significantly decrease both short-term postoperative opioid use and @entity1 experienced by @entity0 .

title: Laparoscopic-Assisted Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for @entity2 Control in XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Cancer incidence increases progressively with age. This observation suggests that a mechanistic relationship may exist at the cellular level between these two apparently diverse processes. Indirect evidence for this fundamental relationship is derived from the fact that interventions that retard the rate of aging simultaneously retard the incidence of many forms of @entity0 . Dietary restriction of rodents is a noninvasive manipulation that reproducibly retards most physiological indices of aging as well as the incidence of spontaneous and chemically induced @entity0 . As such, it provides a powerful model in which to study common mechanistic processes associated with both aging and @entity0 . In a recent study, we established that chronic dietary restriction induces an increase in the spontaneous rate of apoptotic cell death in hepatocytes of 12-month-old B6C3F1 @entity1 and is associated with a significant reduction in the subsequent development of spontaneous @entity3 in this genetically susceptible strain. The purpose of the present investigation was to extend and confirm these original observations by determining whether the increased rate of spontaneous apoptosis with chronic dietary restriction is maintained throughout the life span in this strain. We quantified the spontaneous apoptotic rate by histological examination of liver sections from diet-restricted and ad libitum-fed B6C3F1 @entity1 at age intervals of 12, 18, 24, and 30 months. The incidence of apoptotic bodies was enumerated in non- @entity0 -bearing @entity1 by scoring 50,000 hepatocytes per liver by in situ end-labeling immunohistochemistry and was expressed as the mean incidence per 100 cells. The rate of apoptotic cell death was found to be elevated with age in both diet groups; however, the rate of apoptosis was significantly and consistently higher in the diet-restricted @entity1 , relative to the ad libitum-fed @entity1 , regardless of age. It has been proposed that apoptosis, or physiological cell death, provides a protective mechanism whereby DNA-damaged or potentially neoplastic cells are selectively eliminated. Thus, interventions that increase cellular sensitivity to apoptotic cell death would tend to protect genotypic and phenotypic stability with age; on the other hand, the failure to initiate or respond to appropriate signals for apoptosis would tend to accelerate the accumulation of age-associated @entity2 and age-related @entity0 . An increase in the intrinsic rate of apoptotic cell death may contribute, in part, to decreased @entity0 incidence and increased life span potential with dietary restriction.

title: Age-related changes in the intrinsic rate of apoptosis in livers of diet-restricted and ad libitum-fed B6C3F1 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Occupational @entity3 caused by plants is seldom reported although it is probably relatively common. We report on a 22-year-old male atopic caretaker of plants who developed IgE-mediated @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity7 , and contact and generalized @entity1 caused by exposure to spathe flower (Spathiphyllum wallisii) while he was working for a firm that supplied plants to offices. He also had an @entity4 at work, but in bronchial provocation tests conducted 8 months after he had stopped doing the work in question, he developed @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity8 , but exhibited neither bronchial reaction nor fall in PEF values. Prick tests with spathe flower gave 3+ reactions for exudates from the flower, pollen, stem, and leaves. He also had several positive reactions to fruits, vegetables, and spices, but not to natural rubber latex. The radioallergosorbent test with spathe flower was positive (3.4 PRU/ml, close to class 3). In protein staining with @entity2 -PAGE, one heavy band was detected at about 14 kDa, and other faint bands were visible on both sides. Six faint bands were detected at the mol. mass range of 30-67 kDa. In IgE immunoblotting, one heavy band was detected at about 14 kDa. The @entity0 became symptomless after he had ceased working with plants.

title: Occupational XXXX caused by spathe flower (Spathiphyllum wallisii).

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are major mediators in @entity1 microenvironment. We investigated the changes in protein expression in @entity3 -associated fibroblasts compared with normal fibroblasts (NF) in the context of searching for prognostic biomarkers, particularly for stage II @entity0 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity4 and NFs isolated from @entity3 @entity0 were used to identify differentially expressed proteins using quantitative proteomics. Stromal expression of deregulated proteins was analyzed by IHC. Prognostic impact was studied using external gene-expression datasets for training, then quantitative PCR and IHC for validation in different cohorts of @entity0 . Combined datasets were used for prediction of risk assessment at stages II and III. RESULTS: A desmoplastic signature composed of 32 proteins, highly specific for stromal components in @entity3 , was identified. These proteins were enriched for extracellular matrix organization components, TGFb signaling pathway, @entity2 , and wound-healing proteins. The expression in @entity4 of 11 upregulated proteins and four downregulated proteins, selected for biomarker validation, was verified by orthogonal techniques. @entity5 displayed a high prognostic impact by using external independent datasets and further validation in two different cohorts of @entity0 . High expression of @entity5 was associated with higher recurrence P = 0.001 HR, 5.38 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.70-17.01] and overall survival P = 0.001 HR, 8.52 (95% CI, 1.90-38.29). IHC analysis revealed a prognostic value for @entity5 in stage II @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: We identified @entity5 to be associated with the outcome of @entity3 @entity0 . Furthermore, it can be used to stratify @entity0 at stages II and III for further therapeutic decisions. Clin Cancer Res; 1-11.   2015 AACR.

title: @entity5 Is Highly Expressed in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Associates to Poor XXXX Survival.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are major mediators in @entity1 microenvironment. We investigated the changes in protein expression in @entity3 -associated fibroblasts compared with normal fibroblasts (NF) in the context of searching for prognostic biomarkers, particularly for stage II @entity0 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity4 and NFs isolated from @entity3 @entity0 were used to identify differentially expressed proteins using quantitative proteomics. Stromal expression of deregulated proteins was analyzed by IHC. Prognostic impact was studied using external gene-expression datasets for training, then quantitative PCR and IHC for validation in different cohorts of @entity0 . Combined datasets were used for prediction of risk assessment at stages II and III. RESULTS: A desmoplastic signature composed of 32 proteins, highly specific for stromal components in @entity3 , was identified. These proteins were enriched for extracellular matrix organization components, TGFb signaling pathway, @entity2 , and wound-healing proteins. The expression in @entity4 of 11 upregulated proteins and four downregulated proteins, selected for biomarker validation, was verified by orthogonal techniques. @entity5 displayed a high prognostic impact by using external independent datasets and further validation in two different cohorts of @entity0 . High expression of @entity5 was associated with higher recurrence P = 0.001 HR, 5.38 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.70-17.01] and overall survival P = 0.001 HR, 8.52 (95% CI, 1.90-38.29). IHC analysis revealed a prognostic value for @entity5 in stage II @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: We identified @entity5 to be associated with the outcome of @entity3 @entity0 . Furthermore, it can be used to stratify @entity0 at stages II and III for further therapeutic decisions. Clin Cancer Res; 1-11.   2015 AACR.

title: XXXX Is Highly Expressed in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Associates to Poor @entity3 Survival.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) mortality has declined in the United States, in part because of advances in treatment. Few studies have evaluated the adoption of therapies and temporal changes in patterns of care. METHODS: @entity0 age 20 years and older diagnosed with stages II/III @entity2 were randomly sampled from the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program in 1990-1991, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 (n = 7057). Therapy was obtained from medical records and physician verification. We described the receipt of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Log-binomial regression was used to examine factors associated with therapy. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Chemotherapy receipt among @entity3 @entity0 increased from 1990 (stage II: 22.5%; stage III: 56.3%) to 2005 (stage II: 32.1%; stage III: 72.4%) and declined slightly in 2010 (stage II: 29.3%; stage III: 66.4%). Stage III @entity3 @entity0 who were older (vs <55 years, 75-79 years: risk ratio [RR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.71 to 0.91; >= 80 years: RR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.28 to 0.47) or had a comorbidity score of 2 or higher (vs 0, RR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.87) received chemotherapy less often. Receipt of radiation therapy by @entity1 @entity0 increased across all years from 45.5% to 66.1%. Increasing age (vs <55 years, 75-79 years: RR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.74; >= 80 years: RR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.25 to 0.45) was associated with lower chemoradiation use among stage II/III @entity1 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate increased adoption of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for @entity3 @entity0 and differences in therapy by age, comorbidity, and diagnosis year. Increased receipt of these therapies in the community may further reduce @entity2 mortality.

title: Patterns of XXXX Care in the United States: 1990-2010.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the current literature pertaining to the cardiovascular adaptations to exercise and the impact on the physical examination, the electrocardiogram, and the echocardiogram, and to distinguish those physiologic changes from pathologic conditions associated with @entity8 in athletes. DATA SYNTHESIS: Specific cardiovascular adaptations occur in response to regular physical exercise. The extent of these changes depend on the type and duration of exercise as well as the gender of the athlete. These cardiac adaptations are morphologically different from those conditions associated with @entity8 . In the athlete younger than 35 years, @entity7 is the most common @entity1 associated with @entity6 . Right @entity0 , idiopathic @entity10 , @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity9 compose the majority of the remaining causes of @entity8 in athletes. In the athlete older than 35 years, @entity3 is the leading cause of @entity6 followed by those conditions responsible for @entity6 in the younger athlete. Despite this, regular exercise before or following a @entity4 provides a protective effect with respect to overall mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and fatal reinfarction rates. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular adaptation to regular physical exercise leads to morphologic changes in the myocardium that influence the cardiac examination, the electrocardiogram, and the echocardiogram. Knowledge and recognition of those changes can allow the clinician to distinguish normal physiologic changes from @entity1 . Proper detection of athletes at high risk for @entity8 and abstention from vigorous physical activity in these athletes may prevent @entity6 .

title: @entity8 and the ' XXXX '.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the current literature pertaining to the cardiovascular adaptations to exercise and the impact on the physical examination, the electrocardiogram, and the echocardiogram, and to distinguish those physiologic changes from pathologic conditions associated with @entity8 in athletes. DATA SYNTHESIS: Specific cardiovascular adaptations occur in response to regular physical exercise. The extent of these changes depend on the type and duration of exercise as well as the gender of the athlete. These cardiac adaptations are morphologically different from those conditions associated with @entity8 . In the athlete younger than 35 years, @entity7 is the most common @entity1 associated with @entity6 . Right @entity0 , idiopathic @entity10 , @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity9 compose the majority of the remaining causes of @entity8 in athletes. In the athlete older than 35 years, @entity3 is the leading cause of @entity6 followed by those conditions responsible for @entity6 in the younger athlete. Despite this, regular exercise before or following a @entity4 provides a protective effect with respect to overall mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and fatal reinfarction rates. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular adaptation to regular physical exercise leads to morphologic changes in the myocardium that influence the cardiac examination, the electrocardiogram, and the echocardiogram. Knowledge and recognition of those changes can allow the clinician to distinguish normal physiologic changes from @entity1 . Proper detection of athletes at high risk for @entity8 and abstention from vigorous physical activity in these athletes may prevent @entity6 .

title: XXXX and the ' @entity1 '.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) increases the risk of severe @entity5 (SH) sixfold and affects 30% of adults with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). This systematic review and meta-analysis looks at the educational, technological, and pharmacological interventions aimed at restoring @entity5 awareness (HA) in adults with @entity4 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from inception until 1 October 2014. Included studies described HA status at baseline. Outcome measures were SH rates, change in HA, counterregulatory hormone responses, and glycemic control. RESULTS: Forty-three studies (18 randomized controlled trials, 25 before-and-after studies) met the inclusion criteria, comprising 27 educational, 11 technological, and 5 pharmacological interventions. Educational interventions included structured @entity1 on flexible insulin therapy, including psychotherapeutic and behavioral techniques. These were able to reduce SH and improve glycemic control, with greater benefit from the latter two techniques in improving @entity2 . Technological interventions (insulin pump therapy, continuous @entity3 monitoring, and sensor-augmented pump) reduced SH, improved glycemic control, and restored awareness when used in combination with structured education and frequent contact. Pharmacological studies included four insulin studies and one noninsulin study, but with low background SH prevalence rates. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides evidence for the effectiveness of a stepped-care approach in the management of @entity0 with @entity2 , initially with structured @entity1 in flexible insulin therapy, which may incorporate psychotherapeutic and behavioral therapies, progressing to @entity1 technology, incorporating sensors and insulin pumps, in those with persisting need.

title: Interventions That Restore Awareness of @entity5 in Adults With XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) increases the risk of severe @entity5 (SH) sixfold and affects 30% of adults with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). This systematic review and meta-analysis looks at the educational, technological, and pharmacological interventions aimed at restoring @entity5 awareness (HA) in adults with @entity4 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from inception until 1 October 2014. Included studies described HA status at baseline. Outcome measures were SH rates, change in HA, counterregulatory hormone responses, and glycemic control. RESULTS: Forty-three studies (18 randomized controlled trials, 25 before-and-after studies) met the inclusion criteria, comprising 27 educational, 11 technological, and 5 pharmacological interventions. Educational interventions included structured @entity1 on flexible insulin therapy, including psychotherapeutic and behavioral techniques. These were able to reduce SH and improve glycemic control, with greater benefit from the latter two techniques in improving @entity2 . Technological interventions (insulin pump therapy, continuous @entity3 monitoring, and sensor-augmented pump) reduced SH, improved glycemic control, and restored awareness when used in combination with structured education and frequent contact. Pharmacological studies included four insulin studies and one noninsulin study, but with low background SH prevalence rates. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides evidence for the effectiveness of a stepped-care approach in the management of @entity0 with @entity2 , initially with structured @entity1 in flexible insulin therapy, which may incorporate psychotherapeutic and behavioral therapies, progressing to @entity1 technology, incorporating sensors and insulin pumps, in those with persisting need.

title: Interventions That Restore Awareness of XXXX in Adults With @entity4 : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare two groups of 80 @entity0 undergoing to myocardial revascularization with the use of antifibrinolytic drug @entity5 and its efficacy in reduce @entity3 and blood transfusion. METHODS: Prospective analysis of two groups of 80 @entity0 . Group A-no antifibrinolytic therapy (dec 91-may 92) and group B-fibrinolytic therapy- @entity5 -10g EV (jun-dec/92). Quantification of mediastinal drainage over 12h as well as the blood or derivatives received at the same time. RESULTS: Hospital mortality: group A-3.8%, group B-2.5%. Drainage (12h): group A-602 +/- 547 ml and group B-260 +/- 260 ml (p < 0.001). Blood transfusion (12h): group A-1,782 +/- 1,163 ml and group B-1,105 +/- 839 ml (p < 0.001). COMPLICATIONS: group A-two cases of intraoperative @entity4 , one episode of @entity6 ; group B-one case of intraoperative MI, one reoperation for @entity3 control, one episode of @entity6 , one of @entity1 , two @entity7 and one @entity2 . The mean hospitalization time was ten days in both groups. CONCLUSION: @entity5 was an effective drug in @entity3 control and in reducing blood transfusion in the postoperative of @entity0 submitted to myocardial revascularization.

title: [Use of @entity5 for XXXX control in myocardial revascularization].

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare two groups of 80 @entity0 undergoing to myocardial revascularization with the use of antifibrinolytic drug @entity5 and its efficacy in reduce @entity3 and blood transfusion. METHODS: Prospective analysis of two groups of 80 @entity0 . Group A-no antifibrinolytic therapy (dec 91-may 92) and group B-fibrinolytic therapy- @entity5 -10g EV (jun-dec/92). Quantification of mediastinal drainage over 12h as well as the blood or derivatives received at the same time. RESULTS: Hospital mortality: group A-3.8%, group B-2.5%. Drainage (12h): group A-602 +/- 547 ml and group B-260 +/- 260 ml (p < 0.001). Blood transfusion (12h): group A-1,782 +/- 1,163 ml and group B-1,105 +/- 839 ml (p < 0.001). COMPLICATIONS: group A-two cases of intraoperative @entity4 , one episode of @entity6 ; group B-one case of intraoperative MI, one reoperation for @entity3 control, one episode of @entity6 , one of @entity1 , two @entity7 and one @entity2 . The mean hospitalization time was ten days in both groups. CONCLUSION: @entity5 was an effective drug in @entity3 control and in reducing blood transfusion in the postoperative of @entity0 submitted to myocardial revascularization.

title: [Use of XXXX for @entity3 control in myocardial revascularization].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether joint lavage, viscosupplementation and @entity4 improve joint @entity2 , function and quality of life in @entity0 with severe @entity5 . METHODS: Fourteen @entity0 with knee and/or ankle @entity3 with and without involvement of other joints underwent joint lavage and subsequent injection of hylan G-F20 and @entity4 in all affected joints. The @entity0 answered algo-functional questionnaires (Lequesne and WOMAC), visual analog scale for @entity2 (VAS) and SF-36 preoperatively, and at one, three, six and twelve months postoperatively. RESULTS: Sixteen knees, 15 ankles, 8 elbows and one shoulder were treated in 14 @entity0 . Six @entity0 had @entity1 [ankle (1), leg muscle (2) and knees (4)] at 3 months affecting the results. @entity2 did not improve significantly. Function improved (WOMAC p=0.02 and Lequesne p=0.01). The physical component of SF-36 improved at all time points except at 3 months, with best results at one-year follow-up (baseline = 33.4; 1 month = 39.6; 3 months= 37.6; 6 months 39.6 and 1 year = 44.6; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Joint lavage followed by injection of @entity4 and hylan G-F20 improves function and quality of life progressively up to a year, even in severe @entity5 . Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

title: Subjective results of joint lavage and viscosupplementation in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the variability in rectal and bladder dosimetric parameters determined according to post-implant computed tomography (CT) images in @entity0 with or without a urethral catheter. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 who were scheduled to undergo CT after brachytherapy between October 2012 and January 2014 were included. We obtained CT series with and without a urinary catheter in each @entity0 . We compared the rectal and bladder doses in 18 @entity0 on each CT series. RESULTS: The shifts in the seed positions between with and without a catheter in place were 1.3    0.3 mm (mean    standard deviation). The radiation doses to the rectum, as determined on the CT series, with a urethral catheter were higher than those on CT without a catheter (p < 0.001). Radiation doses to the bladder with a catheter were significantly lower than those without a catheter (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with no catheter showed significantly lower rectal doses and higher bladder doses than those of @entity2 with a catheter. We recommend the @entity2 procedure for CT images in @entity0 without a catheter. Use of CT with a catheter is limited to identifying urethral position.

title: Effect of a urinary catheter on seed position and rectal and bladder doses in CT-based post-implant dosimetry for XXXX brachytherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The incidence and pattern of @entity3 recorded with 24 h ambulatory monitoring were studied in 144 @entity0 with angiographically documented stenoses (greater than or equal to 75%) or occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity6 ) and were related to left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. Ambulatory monitoring was performed at the time of coronary angiography and mean follow-up ranged from less than 1 to 5.4 with a mean of 3.3 years. The incidence of @entity4 (within 1 h after onset of symptoms) was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity1 than in @entity0 with @entity6 (14/79, 17.7% versus 2/65, 3.1%); (p less than 0.05). One hundred and twenty-two @entity0 had anterior @entity2 documented with ECG and LV-angiograms. The incidence and size of @entity5 were comparable in @entity0 with @entity6 stenoses and @entity1 . There was no difference in wall motion abnormalities, LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and ejection fraction in both groups. The majority of @entity0 in both groups showed complex @entity3 of Lown classification IV during Holter monitoring. The incidence of @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity3 of Lown class IV was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity1 than in @entity0 with @entity6 stenoses (9/40, 22.5% versus 1/31, 3.2%); (p less than 0.05). Quantitative evaluation of the @entity3 showed that there was no difference between @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity6 stenoses so far as single PVC's is concerned, yet complex @entity3 (pairs and/or salvos) were found significantly more often in @entity0 with @entity1 than with @entity6 stenoses (means 9.8 versus 6.3); (p less than 0.05). We conclude therefore that complete occlusion of the @entity6 is accompanied by more complex @entity3 and bears a higher risk for @entity4 than mere @entity6 stenoses although both groups of @entity0 have the same left ventricular wall motion abnormalities.

title: [ XXXX behavior and sudden heart death in isolated stenoses or obstructions of the anterior interventricular branch].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Diaschisis is a functional impairment at a site in the brain remote from the lesion causing it. An investigation of @entity1 in childhood was undertaken to better understand the functional maturation of the corticopontocerebellar tract in developing brain. A retrospective study of @entity1 in 55 hemiplegic @entity0 was conducted using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 123I-IMP. Cerebellar diaschisis was evaluated by 2 authors. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was found in 6 of 55 @entity0 . SPECT findings of @entity0 who presented with @entity1 disclosed supratentorial hypoperfusion of varying degrees, from focally to the whole hemisphere; however, @entity0 had frontal and/or parietal hypoperfusion in common. A second type of @entity1 also was demonstrated. @entity1 ipsilateral to supratentorial lesions, @entity1 ( @entity1 ), was observed in 10 of 55 @entity0 . @entity1 occurred in the @entity0 who suffered from @entity2 after 7 years, 5 months of age, while @entity1 manifested in @entity0 whose @entity2 occurred before 3 years, 1 month of age. The production of remote effects, such as @entity1 and @entity1 , could be closely related to maturation of the corticopontocerebellar tract in the developing brain during childhood.

title: Secondary changes in cerebellar perfusion (diaschisis) in hemiplegia during childhood: SPECT study of 55 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate associations between imaging features of @entity3 by visual assessment and texture analysis, which quantifies heterogeneity in @entity1 enhancement patterns, with molecular profiles based on @entity5 markers. METHODS: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant retrospective study of CT images of @entity8 , obtained before surgery. Immunostaining for @entity5 markers ( @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity13 , @entity11 , @entity9 , and @entity7 ) was performed on pre-treatment liver biopsies. Quantitative imaging phenotypes were determined by texture analysis with gray level co-occurrence matrixes. The correlations between quantitative imaging phenotypes, qualitative imaging features (measured by radiographic inspection alone), and expression levels of the @entity5 markers from the 25 @entity1 were assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity0 were included with a median age of 62 years (range: 54-84). The median @entity1 size was 10.2 cm (range: 4-14), 10 (40%) were @entity1 , and 90% were moderately differentiated. Positive immunostaining was recorded for @entity2 in 67% of the cases, @entity4 in 75%, and @entity12 in 55%. On multiple linear regression analysis, quantitative imaging phenotypes correlated significantly with @entity4 and @entity2 expression levels (R2 = 0.4, p<0.05 and R2 = 0.2, p<0.05, respectively), while a trend was demonstrated with @entity12 expression (R2 = 0.33, p = 0.1). Three qualitative imaging features correlated with @entity2 and @entity12 expression (P<0.05), however, none of the qualitative features correlated with the quantitative imaging phenotypes. CONCLUSION: Quantitative imaging phenotypes, as defined by texture analysis, correlated with expression of specific markers of @entity5 , regardless of conventional imaging features.

title: XXXX : Correlation between Molecular Profiling and Imaging Phenotypes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: An overview of treatment of brain metastasis from @entity1 in National @entity2 Center is presented with respect to T and N categories in @entity4 classification. To know the rate of brain metastasis, CT scan on brain was performed for all the @entity0 with @entity1 hospitalized for surgical treatment and revealed that 3 of 87 @entity0 had brain metastasis without any neurological signs and symptoms. On the other hand, 105 out of 320 (32.8%) @entity1 @entity0 who had taken CT scan for some reason from 1975-1983 in this hospital had shown the brain metastasis. Therefore, it should be memorized that only 3.4% was detected to have brain metastasis from the @entity0 without any neurological signs and symptoms. Two hundred sixty-one @entity0 with metastatic @entity3 from @entity1 were treated in 1963-1983 at National @entity2 Center in Japan. Of these, 205 @entity0 were evaluated for the median survival and the average survival according to various therapeutic modalities. Of this 205 @entity0 , 123 had no operation with or without other treatment--chemotherapy or radiotherapy showed median survival of 3-5 months (range 2-25 months). Eighty-two had operation on brain metastasis with or without chemotherapy showed median survival of 6-11 months (range 2-112 months). Correlation between survival time and T and N categories in @entity4 classification at the diagnosis of @entity1 was studied and no remarkable difference was noted either in T or N categories in the average survival time and percent number of cases survived equal or more than 6 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Prognosis of metastatic @entity3 from XXXX with special reference to its stages].

answer: @entity1


abstract: An overview of treatment of brain metastasis from @entity1 in National @entity2 Center is presented with respect to T and N categories in @entity4 classification. To know the rate of brain metastasis, CT scan on brain was performed for all the @entity0 with @entity1 hospitalized for surgical treatment and revealed that 3 of 87 @entity0 had brain metastasis without any neurological signs and symptoms. On the other hand, 105 out of 320 (32.8%) @entity1 @entity0 who had taken CT scan for some reason from 1975-1983 in this hospital had shown the brain metastasis. Therefore, it should be memorized that only 3.4% was detected to have brain metastasis from the @entity0 without any neurological signs and symptoms. Two hundred sixty-one @entity0 with metastatic @entity3 from @entity1 were treated in 1963-1983 at National @entity2 Center in Japan. Of these, 205 @entity0 were evaluated for the median survival and the average survival according to various therapeutic modalities. Of this 205 @entity0 , 123 had no operation with or without other treatment--chemotherapy or radiotherapy showed median survival of 3-5 months (range 2-25 months). Eighty-two had operation on brain metastasis with or without chemotherapy showed median survival of 6-11 months (range 2-112 months). Correlation between survival time and T and N categories in @entity4 classification at the diagnosis of @entity1 was studied and no remarkable difference was noted either in T or N categories in the average survival time and percent number of cases survived equal or more than 6 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Prognosis of metastatic XXXX from @entity1 with special reference to its stages].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Active myelination during childhood may influence the impact of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on brain structural integrity. We studied normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in @entity0 with @entity1 onset before age 12 years using diffusion tensor (DT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: DT MRI scans were obtained from 22 @entity1 @entity0 with their first attack before age 12 years, and 31 healthy controls from two referral centers. Using probabilistic tractography, brain tissue integrity within interhemispheric, intrahemispheric, and projection tracts was compared between @entity0 and site-matched controls. The impact of disease and age at MRI on tract NAWM fractional anisotropy (FA) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) values was evaluated using linear models. RESULTS: Compared to controls, pediatric @entity1 @entity0 had reduced FA and increased @entity3 of the bilateral superior @entity4 (CC), without center-by-group interaction. CC NAWM average FA was correlated with brain T2 lesion volume. In controls, the majority of the tracts analyzed showed a significant increase of FA and decrease of @entity3 with age. Such a linear correlation was lost in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: In very young pediatric @entity1 @entity0 , DT @entity2 affect brain WM tracts differentially, and are only partially correlated with focal WM lesions. Impaired maturation of WM tracts with age may be an additional factor contributing to these findings.

title: Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in very early onset pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determining @entity3 and @entity6 in plasma is presented and compared with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC- @entity0 ). The plasma samples were extracted at alkaline pH with @entity4 containing @entity5 (20 mL/L) and then back-extracted into @entity1 buffer (0.1 mol/L, pH 3.0). For chromatography we used a reversed-phase column (Supelcosil LC-18 DB) with a mobile phase of the @entity1 buffer and @entity2 (70/30 by vol). Fluorescence detection was used (excitation at 203 nm, emission at 320 nm). Overall analytical recovery was 85%. Standard curves were linear from 1 to 1000 micrograms/L. The detection limit was 1 microgram/L. The assays are accurate and precise. We found no interferences by those substances tested. Results by HPLC and GC- @entity0 agreed well (r = 0.99) for both @entity3 and @entity6 determinations.

title: Liquid-chromatographic quantification compared with gas-chromatographic-mass-spectrometric determination of XXXX and @entity6 in plasma.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determining @entity3 and @entity6 in plasma is presented and compared with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC- @entity0 ). The plasma samples were extracted at alkaline pH with @entity4 containing @entity5 (20 mL/L) and then back-extracted into @entity1 buffer (0.1 mol/L, pH 3.0). For chromatography we used a reversed-phase column (Supelcosil LC-18 DB) with a mobile phase of the @entity1 buffer and @entity2 (70/30 by vol). Fluorescence detection was used (excitation at 203 nm, emission at 320 nm). Overall analytical recovery was 85%. Standard curves were linear from 1 to 1000 micrograms/L. The detection limit was 1 microgram/L. The assays are accurate and precise. We found no interferences by those substances tested. Results by HPLC and GC- @entity0 agreed well (r = 0.99) for both @entity3 and @entity6 determinations.

title: Liquid-chromatographic quantification compared with gas-chromatographic-mass-spectrometric determination of @entity3 and XXXX in plasma.

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to prospectively investigate the clinical outcomes of curative radical @entity2 ( @entity2 ) applied to recurrent @entity3 ( @entity3 ) at the bronchial stump site after right pneumonectomy. After right pneumonectomy, the heart shifted right laterally. The chambers of the heart closed with a recurrent mass at the bronchial stump were the right atrium and left atrium due to right shifting of the heart. The unfavorable bronchial stump recurrent @entity5 due to a right shift of the heart might serve as a reliable predictor of cardiac morbidity for aggressive radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 23 @entity0 received @entity2 for the recurrent @entity3 at the bronchial stump site after right pneumonectomy between 2008 and 2011. The median age of the @entity0 was 65 years (range 56-74). RESULTS: We prescribed 95% volume of the primary planning target volume ( @entity1 ) to a total dose of 69 Gy in 30 fractions, and 95% of the secondary @entity1 to a total dose of 54 Gy in 30 fractions with reduction of the 50% volume of the heart < 20 Gy. The median conformal index in the 23 plans was 1.21. The mean fraction of primary @entity1 receiving more than 95% of the prescribed dose was 97.8%. The mean V45, V50, V60 of the heart were 10.5%, 6.5%, 0.2%, respectively. The median follow-up after tomotherapy was 19.86 months. Median survival was 20 months. The 2-year OS was 39.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The relatively high dose tomotherapy alone for @entity0 with a recurrent bronchial stump mass which was proximal to the heart demonstrated favorable clinical results without severe @entity4 .

title: Preliminary results of tomotherapy for treatment of inoperable recurrent XXXX at bronchial stump site after right pneumonectomy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Increased expression of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has been demonstrated in the @entity0 @entity2 vessel wall and may contribute to the impaired plasma fibrinolytic capacity in @entity0 at high risk of atherothrombotic events. In addition, the mural PA/plasmin system may have important pathobiologic functions during atherogenesis. We quantitatively analyzed PAs of the tissue type (TPA) and urokinase type ( @entity5 ), PAIs, and plasminogen in protein extracts from different layers of @entity0 aorta in relation to the presence and severity of @entity2 . In comparison with normal control vessels, intimal and neointimal @entity3 concentrations were reduced in @entity2 aortas except in the @entity1 core areas of advanced plaques, where TPA was mainly complexed to @entity4 in extracellular matrix deposits. In the media, TPA antigen was higher in lesional segments and closely associated with smooth muscle cells. @entity5 antigen was increased in the intima of @entity2 and colocalized with tissue-infiltrating macrophages and neointimal smooth muscle cells. By spectrophotometric assay, neither TPA nor @entity5 activity could be detected in intimal or medial extracts. @entity4 concentrations increased significantly in the intima of @entity2 segments compared with adjacent uninvolved areas or control aortas. The immunohistochemical distribution of @entity4 was similar to that observed for TPA. A large excess of @entity4 over PA concentrations, particularly in the intimal layer, characterizes @entity2 of the @entity0 aorta and suggests that PA action is locally confined and counterbalanced by enhanced PAI expression and accumulation.

title: Quantification of plasminogen activators and their inhibitors in the aortic vessel wall in relation to the presence and severity of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 mesangial cell (HMC) cultures synthesize cellular fibronectin (FN), which is secreted and incorporated into a fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM). The anticancer drug @entity3 (ADR) induces changes in extracellular FN deposition. As revealed by immunofluorescence staining, a 24 h incubation of the cells with 2 micrograms ADR/ml resulted in a marked expansion of the pericellular FN fibers, which may be due to either an increased synthesis or a decreased FN degradation. The effects of ADR on FN mRNA were analysed by northern hybridization and in vitro translation. Steady-state FN mRNA levels were significantly increased by 60% following ADR administration. However, yields of radioactivity incorporated into FN by cell-free translation remained constant (2.3 +/- 0.7%, n = 24, vs controls 2.2 +/- 0.8% of total radioactivity, n = 23). The quality of translation products was not affected by the drug, whereas translation efficiency of total RNA from ADR-treated HMC was only 75% of controls. The data presented suggest a negative feedback control of FN expression on the level of translation. Extracellular FN accumulation in the experimental model of ADR-induced progressive @entity1 therefore cannot be explained by an increased FN synthesis, but is rather regarded a consequence of proteinase inhibition. This assumption is compatible with a diminished number of FN fragments recently demonstrated in the culture medium of ADR-treated HMC, and is further corroborated by the loss of urinary FN degradation products accompanying the onset of @entity4 in ADR-treated @entity2 .

title: Fibronectin expression in @entity0 mesangial cell cultures and its alterations by XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 mesangial cell (HMC) cultures synthesize cellular fibronectin (FN), which is secreted and incorporated into a fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM). The anticancer drug @entity3 (ADR) induces changes in extracellular FN deposition. As revealed by immunofluorescence staining, a 24 h incubation of the cells with 2 micrograms ADR/ml resulted in a marked expansion of the pericellular FN fibers, which may be due to either an increased synthesis or a decreased FN degradation. The effects of ADR on FN mRNA were analysed by northern hybridization and in vitro translation. Steady-state FN mRNA levels were significantly increased by 60% following ADR administration. However, yields of radioactivity incorporated into FN by cell-free translation remained constant (2.3 +/- 0.7%, n = 24, vs controls 2.2 +/- 0.8% of total radioactivity, n = 23). The quality of translation products was not affected by the drug, whereas translation efficiency of total RNA from ADR-treated HMC was only 75% of controls. The data presented suggest a negative feedback control of FN expression on the level of translation. Extracellular FN accumulation in the experimental model of ADR-induced progressive @entity1 therefore cannot be explained by an increased FN synthesis, but is rather regarded a consequence of proteinase inhibition. This assumption is compatible with a diminished number of FN fragments recently demonstrated in the culture medium of ADR-treated HMC, and is further corroborated by the loss of urinary FN degradation products accompanying the onset of @entity4 in ADR-treated @entity2 .

title: Fibronectin expression in XXXX mesangial cell cultures and its alterations by @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Mutations of the @entity3 @entity1 suppressor gene are the most common alterations associated with @entity1 identified so far. Inactivation of the @entity3 gene contributes to loss of a cell-cycle check point at the G1-S boundary and to genetic instability of the cell eventually allowing cells to replicate in an uncontrolled fashion (1). Inactivating @entity3 mutations have frequently been identified in many different forms of @entity1 including more than 50% of @entity2 (2,3). The type and location of @entity3 mutations occurring in @entity0 @entity1 are nonrandom. In a compilation of more than 4200 @entity3 mutations in @entity0 @entity1 by Soussi et al., 50% of the mutations were missense mutations, 37% frameshift mutations, and 13% nonsense mutations (4). Small intragenic deletions and insertions have gained little attention in the analyses of the @entity3 gene in @entity0 @entity1 (5,6). However, a review that compiled 740 @entity3 mutations from a wide variety of @entity1 showed that 10% of the mutations were either deletions or insertions (7). Insertions were mostly flanked by short direct repeats of up to 14 basepairs (bp). Deletions of up to 37 bp often occurred in areas of sequence repeats. Such structural changes may be explained by a slipped mispairing mechanism during DNA replication (7).

title: Multiplex PCR (MPCR) Screening Can Detect Small Intragenic XXXX Deletion and Insertion Mutations.

answer: @entity3