abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this double blind, randomized, comparative study was to assess the analgesic efficacy and incidence of @entity3 after @entity3 using three different concentrations of @entity4 , 1, 2 and 3 mg x l(-1), in @entity0 4-12-year-old. METHODS: One hundred and ten @entity0 ASA I-II, scheduled for inguinal surgery, were included in the study. After induction of a standardized general anaesthetic technique, all @entity0 received 1 ml x kg(-1) of the @entity4 solution for a @entity3 and were assessed for 8 h after the injection. RESULTS: The @entity4 was well tolerated in all @entity0 . Median time to treatment with analgesics was 3.3, 4.5 and 4.2 h in the 1, 2 and 3 mg x ml(-1) groups, respectively. During the first 4 h, the @entity1 scores for both a 6-graded faces scale and a 4-graded observer scale were higher in the 1 mg x ml(-1) group than the 3 mg x ml(-1) group. The median sensory block reached T12 in all groups 1 h after the @entity3 . Thereafter, the speed of regression was correlated with the @entity4 concentration. In the @entity0 with a sensory block from T12 and above, the median time to treatment with analgesics was longer than in the @entity0 with a sensory block below T12. The incidence of @entity3 was 28% in the 3 mg x ml(-1) group in comparison with 0 and 13% in the 1 and 2 mg x ml(-1) groups. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that 1 ml x kg(-1) of @entity4 2 mg x ml(-1) for @entity3 provided satisfactory @entity2 relief after inguinal surgery in 4-12-year-old @entity0 . @entity4 1 mg x ml(-1) showed less efficacy while the use of @entity4 3 mg x ml(-1) was associated with a higher incidence of @entity3 with minimal improvement in @entity2 relief.

title: The efficacy of caudal XXXX 1, 2 and 3 mg x l(-1) for postoperative analgesia in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this double blind, randomized, comparative study was to assess the analgesic efficacy and incidence of @entity3 after @entity3 using three different concentrations of @entity4 , 1, 2 and 3 mg x l(-1), in @entity0 4-12-year-old. METHODS: One hundred and ten @entity0 ASA I-II, scheduled for inguinal surgery, were included in the study. After induction of a standardized general anaesthetic technique, all @entity0 received 1 ml x kg(-1) of the @entity4 solution for a @entity3 and were assessed for 8 h after the injection. RESULTS: The @entity4 was well tolerated in all @entity0 . Median time to treatment with analgesics was 3.3, 4.5 and 4.2 h in the 1, 2 and 3 mg x ml(-1) groups, respectively. During the first 4 h, the @entity1 scores for both a 6-graded faces scale and a 4-graded observer scale were higher in the 1 mg x ml(-1) group than the 3 mg x ml(-1) group. The median sensory block reached T12 in all groups 1 h after the @entity3 . Thereafter, the speed of regression was correlated with the @entity4 concentration. In the @entity0 with a sensory block from T12 and above, the median time to treatment with analgesics was longer than in the @entity0 with a sensory block below T12. The incidence of @entity3 was 28% in the 3 mg x ml(-1) group in comparison with 0 and 13% in the 1 and 2 mg x ml(-1) groups. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that 1 ml x kg(-1) of @entity4 2 mg x ml(-1) for @entity3 provided satisfactory @entity2 relief after inguinal surgery in 4-12-year-old @entity0 . @entity4 1 mg x ml(-1) showed less efficacy while the use of @entity4 3 mg x ml(-1) was associated with a higher incidence of @entity3 with minimal improvement in @entity2 relief.

title: The efficacy of caudal @entity4 1, 2 and 3 mg x l(-1) for postoperative analgesia in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Tissue @entity8 , involving @entity3 of essentially all cells within a part of the brain, is a common pathology resulting from @entity2 and an important determinant of the long-term consequences of this disorder. The cell @entity3 that leads to @entity8 formation is likely to be the result of multiple interacting pathological processes. A range of factors, including the severity of the ischemic insult and whether this is permanent or reversed, determine which mechanisms predominate. Although evaluating mitochondrial properties in intact brain is difficult, evidence for several potentially deleterious responses to @entity9 or post-ischemic reperfusion have been obtained from investigations using animal models of @entity2 . Marked changes in @entity7 and related energy metabolites develop quickly in response to occlusion of a cerebral artery, as expected from limitations in the delivery of @entity0 and @entity5 . However, these alterations are often only partially reversed on reperfusion despite improved substrate delivery. @entity1 -induced decreases in the mitochondrial capacity for respiratory activity probably contribute to the ongoing impairment of energy metabolism during reperfusion and possibly also to the magnitude of changes seen during @entity1 . Conditions during reperfusion are likely to be conducive to the induction of the permeability transition in mitochondria. There are as yet no well-characterized techniques to identify this change in the intact brain. However, the protective effects of some agents that block formation of the transition pore are consistent with both the induction of the permeability transition during early recirculation and a role for this in the development of @entity10 . Release of @entity11 into the cytoplasm of cells has been observed with both permanent and reversed @entity1 and could trigger the @entity3 of some cells by apoptosis, a process which probably contributes to the expansion of the @entity9 . Mitochondria are also likely to contribute to the widely-accepted role of @entity6 in the development of @entity9 . These organelles are a probable target for the deleterious effects of this substance and can also act as a source of @entity4 for reaction with the @entity6 to produce the damaging species, @entity12 . Further characterization of these mitochondrial responses should help to elucidate the mechanisms of cell @entity3 due to @entity9 and possibly point to novel sites for therapeutic interventions in @entity2 .

title: Mitochondrial contributions to @entity10 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Tissue @entity8 , involving @entity3 of essentially all cells within a part of the brain, is a common pathology resulting from @entity2 and an important determinant of the long-term consequences of this disorder. The cell @entity3 that leads to @entity8 formation is likely to be the result of multiple interacting pathological processes. A range of factors, including the severity of the ischemic insult and whether this is permanent or reversed, determine which mechanisms predominate. Although evaluating mitochondrial properties in intact brain is difficult, evidence for several potentially deleterious responses to @entity9 or post-ischemic reperfusion have been obtained from investigations using animal models of @entity2 . Marked changes in @entity7 and related energy metabolites develop quickly in response to occlusion of a cerebral artery, as expected from limitations in the delivery of @entity0 and @entity5 . However, these alterations are often only partially reversed on reperfusion despite improved substrate delivery. @entity1 -induced decreases in the mitochondrial capacity for respiratory activity probably contribute to the ongoing impairment of energy metabolism during reperfusion and possibly also to the magnitude of changes seen during @entity1 . Conditions during reperfusion are likely to be conducive to the induction of the permeability transition in mitochondria. There are as yet no well-characterized techniques to identify this change in the intact brain. However, the protective effects of some agents that block formation of the transition pore are consistent with both the induction of the permeability transition during early recirculation and a role for this in the development of @entity10 . Release of @entity11 into the cytoplasm of cells has been observed with both permanent and reversed @entity1 and could trigger the @entity3 of some cells by apoptosis, a process which probably contributes to the expansion of the @entity9 . Mitochondria are also likely to contribute to the widely-accepted role of @entity6 in the development of @entity9 . These organelles are a probable target for the deleterious effects of this substance and can also act as a source of @entity4 for reaction with the @entity6 to produce the damaging species, @entity12 . Further characterization of these mitochondrial responses should help to elucidate the mechanisms of cell @entity3 due to @entity9 and possibly point to novel sites for therapeutic interventions in @entity2 .

title: Mitochondrial contributions to XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: The safety and efficacy of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) once-a-day formulation of @entity4 administered in the evening, at a dose of 240 mg, was assessed in 37 @entity0 with stable @entity3 . A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover protocol was used. Following a 4-day washout period, @entity0 entered a 5--7-day single-blind placebo run-in period during which qualification and reproducibility exercise treadmill tests (ETTs) were performed 24 h postdose. Eligible @entity0 were randomized in a double-blind fashion, to either @entity1 @entity4 or to placebo for a 7--10-day treatment period. They then entered a 5--7-day single-blind washout period, after which they received the alternate treatment for another 7 to 10 days. ETTs were performed at the end of each treatment period. Compared to placebo, evening administration of @entity1 @entity4 produced a marked improvement of the time to ETT termination, time to onset of @entity3 , and time to 1 mm ST @entity2 . In addition, the number of @entity3 recorded in @entity0 diaries was reduced compared to placebo. Incidence of adverse events was comparable with @entity1 @entity4 and placebo. We conclude that evening administration of @entity1 @entity4 is highly effective and safe in the treatment of stable @entity3 .

title: Efficacy and Safety of Evening Administration of Controlled-Delivery XXXX Capsules in Chronic Stable Angina @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The safety and efficacy of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) once-a-day formulation of @entity4 administered in the evening, at a dose of 240 mg, was assessed in 37 @entity0 with stable @entity3 . A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover protocol was used. Following a 4-day washout period, @entity0 entered a 5--7-day single-blind placebo run-in period during which qualification and reproducibility exercise treadmill tests (ETTs) were performed 24 h postdose. Eligible @entity0 were randomized in a double-blind fashion, to either @entity1 @entity4 or to placebo for a 7--10-day treatment period. They then entered a 5--7-day single-blind washout period, after which they received the alternate treatment for another 7 to 10 days. ETTs were performed at the end of each treatment period. Compared to placebo, evening administration of @entity1 @entity4 produced a marked improvement of the time to ETT termination, time to onset of @entity3 , and time to 1 mm ST @entity2 . In addition, the number of @entity3 recorded in @entity0 diaries was reduced compared to placebo. Incidence of adverse events was comparable with @entity1 @entity4 and placebo. We conclude that evening administration of @entity1 @entity4 is highly effective and safe in the treatment of stable @entity3 .

title: Efficacy and Safety of Evening Administration of Controlled-Delivery @entity4 Capsules in Chronic Stable Angina XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Penile erection is a vascular phenomenon that results from smooth muscle relaxation, @entity11 and venous restriction. The @entity12 of the penis that occurs with aging causes a decrease in penile @entity1 tension. A reduction of smooth muscle cells has been demonstrated in relation with this change in @entity1 tension. Changes in the ratio of penile collagen have also been observed and could explain the decrease in penile elasticity and compliance. @entity3 is, therefore, associated with @entity4 but also with @entity13 (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate. The sensitivity of the alpha-adrenoceptors on the smooth muscle cells increases with aging. All those modifications can explain the prevalence of @entity9 with aging. Low @entity1 tension in prostanoid production may also play a role in the mechanism of @entity3 -induced cavernosal @entity4 ; however, intracavernous injections of @entity15 do not seem to modify the intracavernous structures by reducing @entity14 . The effects of @entity10 on libido and @entity6 are well established, but their role in the @entity0 erectile mechanism remains unclear. Several studies performed on animals have demonstrated impacts directly on both the physiological function and the trabecular structure of the corpora cavernosa in @entity2 , @entity7 and @entity5 . However, in @entity0 , no study seems to demonstrate a role of @entity8 on @entity14 or penile neurologic control. @entity8 treatment alters the @entity0 behavior but not penile physiologic processes. Further studies are necessary to explain the real role of @entity8 not only on the peripheral mechanism of erection but also on the central control.

title: Smooth muscle pathology and XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is a rare disease characterized by the growth of uncapsulated masses of adipose tissue. @entity10 is associated with high @entity6 intake and complicated by @entity9 and by the infiltration of the adipose tissue at the mediastinal level. To date, the disease is considered as slowly progressive, but long-term longitudinal data are still lacking. In this study, a long-term follow-up of a large series of @entity10 @entity0 is presented. METHODS: We studied 31 @entity0 with @entity10 (30 @entity8 ) first evaluated at our institution from 1973 to 1992. All @entity0 were followed until 1998-1999 or until death, with a mean follow-up of 14.5+/-5.0 y (range 4-26 y). Both at baseline and during follow-up, the location and the size of the subcutaneous @entity7 , the presence and the extension of deeply localized lipomatous tissue, and the presence and the severity of both @entity9 were evaluated. RESULTS: Eight @entity10 @entity0 died during follow-up (25.8% of @entity0 ). A @entity5 was proved to be the cause of death in three @entity0 . All these three @entity0 had severe @entity9 and none had @entity3 , acute @entity4 or other @entity2 . No signs or symptoms of @entity3 were present in the whole series. In addition to this high fatality rate, a substantial morbidity related to the occupation of the mediastinal space by the lipomatus tissue and to somatic @entity1 was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the definition of ' @entity11 ', still adopted by several authors, cannot be justified.

title: XXXX : clinical aspects and outcome in a long-term longitudinal study.

answer: @entity10


abstract: To investigate the effects of @entity3 given as an anesthetic adjunct on splanchnic perfusion, we determined intramucosal gastric PCO2 using gastric tonometry in 60 @entity0 scheduled for large intestine surgery. After induction of anesthesia, @entity0 were randomly assigned to four groups. @entity0 in Group 1 received an IV infusion of @entity2 (0.2 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1)); @entity0 in Group 2 received an IV infusion of @entity3 (4 microg/kg in 20 min followed by 2 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1)); @entity0 in Group 3 received an IV infusion of @entity5 (0.5 mg/kg followed by 0.25 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)); @entity0 in Group 4 received an epidural infusion of @entity4 (7 mL of 0.5% followed by 5 mL/h of 0.25%). Gastric intramucosal PCO2 was assessed immediately before skin incision and every hour during surgery using a nasogastric tube. A last measurement was taken after skin closure. An arterial sample was collected simultaneously to measure arterial PCO2. @entity1 consumption (VO2/min) was continuously recorded. Gastric intramucosal PCO2 significantly increased during surgery in all groups independent of the anesthetic technique considered (P < 0.01) and was not related to metabolic changes or blood pressure variations. This increase, however, remains in the physiologic range. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that @entity3 given as an anesthetic adjutant at the dose used has no deleterious effect on splanchnic perfusion during colonic surgery. IMPLICATIONS: IV @entity3 given as an anesthetic adjunct at a dose of 4 microg/kg in 20 min, followed by 2 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1), has no deleterious effect on splanchnic perfusion during colonic surgery.

title: The effects of intraoperative intravenous XXXX on gastric intramucosal PCO2.

answer: @entity3


abstract: HSV can cause oral lesions that exacerbate chemotherapy-related @entity1 . Intravenous @entity2 is effective in preventing HSV reactivations, but expensive. @entity4 has good bioavailability and has not been studied for prophylaxis of HSV among @entity5 @entity0 . We compared the efficacy and costs of @entity4 in preventing HSV reactivation among HSV seropositive autologous progenitor cell transplantation (APCT) @entity0 with historical controls in whom intravenous @entity2 or no HSV prophylaxis were used. @entity4 group: From October 1997 to April 1999 108 adult @entity0 received @entity4 500 mg twice daily from day -3 of APCT until @entity3 recovery or day +30. @entity4 was switched to intravenous @entity2 in cases of oral intolerance (17 @entity0 ) or suspected HSV reactivation (five @entity0 ). Intravenous @entity2 group: From January 1996 to October 1997 43 @entity0 received 5 mg/kg twice-daily intravenous @entity2 from day -3 until recovery from @entity3 . No prophylaxis group: 38 @entity0 from January 1996 to October 1997 did not receive HSV prophylaxis. HSV reactivations were seen in 2.7%, 2% and 45% of @entity0 in the @entity4 , intravenous @entity2 , and no prophylaxis groups, respectively. @entity4 was well tolerated and was the least expensive strategy. Oral @entity4 was as effective as intravenous @entity2 for the prophylaxis of HSV reactivation in APCT @entity0 .

title: XXXX prophylaxis for the prevention of Herpes simplex virus reactivation in recipients of progenitor cells transplantation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: CONTEXT: The vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) monitors vaccine safety post-licensure. Although events reported to VAERS are not necessarily causally associated with vaccination, VAERS reports can be used to identify possible safety concerns that occur at too low a rate to have been identified prior to licensure. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate adverse events following @entity6 vaccination reported to VAERS during the first 19 months of the vaccine's licensure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Analysis of all VAERS reports of adverse events following vaccination for @entity6 in the US from 28 December 1998 to 31 July 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We evaluated reported adverse events for unexpected patterns in age, gender, time to onset, dose number, and clinical characteristics and compared them to adverse events observed in clinical trials of this vaccine. RESULTS: Over 1,400,000 doses were distributed and 905 adverse events were reported to VAERS, 440 in @entity0 and 404 in @entity0 , with ages ranging from 10 to 82 years. The majority (56%) of adverse events occurred after administration of the first dose. The most frequently reported adverse events were @entity9 (250), @entity5 (195), and @entity1 (157). There were 59 reports coded as @entity4 , 34 as @entity8 , 9 as @entity3 , and 12 as @entity7 . Sixty-six (7.4%) events were classified as serious, involving life-threatening illness, hospitalization, prolongation of hospitalization, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or @entity2 . Twenty-two hypersensitivity reactions were reported. CONCLUSION: Based on reporting to VAERS, we did not detect unexpected or unusual patterns of reported adverse events following @entity6 vaccine administration, other than hypersensitivity reactions, compared with adverse events observed in clinical trials.

title: Adverse event reports following vaccination for XXXX : December 1998-July 2000.

answer: @entity6


abstract: alpha-Adrenergic blockers are potential alternative antihypertensive agents for @entity1 @entity0 . Data on their relative efficacy and their effect on kidney function and @entity4 are very limited however. 76 @entity0 with @entity7 , @entity2 (>/=140/90 mm Hg) and @entity4 (>/=30 mg/24 h) were randomized into three groups to receive @entity10 (2.5-10 mg), @entity9 (2-8 mg) or both. @entity0 of the first and second groups received a single agent for 4 months, the agents were then crossed for an additional period of 4 months followed by the addition of @entity5 (25 mg) for a third 4-month period. Blood pressure was monitored monthly, @entity6 clearance and HbA1c were measured before and at the end of each treatment period. @entity0 of the third group received reduced doses of @entity10 and @entity9 for 4 months. @entity5 was then added for the subsequent 4 months. There was a significant decline in blood pressure values during the first period in all groups. @entity10 : systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160 +/- 6 to 149 +/- 5 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 101 +/- 3 to 94 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity4 declined from 350 +/- 105 to 205 +/- 96 mg/24 h (p = 0.001), @entity6 clearance (CrCl) was unchanged. @entity9 : SBP: 160 +/- 7 to 151 +/- 6 mm Hg; DBP: 97 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 4 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity4 373 +/- 121 to 322 +/- 107 mg/24 h (p = 0.065) and CrCl 87 +/- 7 to 91 +/- 6 ml/min. The combination of both agents at half doses was equipotent or superior to either drug alone. Cross-over of @entity10 and @entity9 reproduced the @entity3 effect and reversed the antialbuminuric effect. The addition of @entity5 resulted in a further decline of 6-14 mm Hg in SBP and 3-11 mm Hg in @entity8 .

title: Effect of an alpha-adrenergic blocker, and ACE inhibitor and @entity5 on blood pressure and on renal function in type 2 XXXX @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity4 . A randomized cross-over study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: alpha-Adrenergic blockers are potential alternative antihypertensive agents for @entity1 @entity0 . Data on their relative efficacy and their effect on kidney function and @entity4 are very limited however. 76 @entity0 with @entity7 , @entity2 (>/=140/90 mm Hg) and @entity4 (>/=30 mg/24 h) were randomized into three groups to receive @entity10 (2.5-10 mg), @entity9 (2-8 mg) or both. @entity0 of the first and second groups received a single agent for 4 months, the agents were then crossed for an additional period of 4 months followed by the addition of @entity5 (25 mg) for a third 4-month period. Blood pressure was monitored monthly, @entity6 clearance and HbA1c were measured before and at the end of each treatment period. @entity0 of the third group received reduced doses of @entity10 and @entity9 for 4 months. @entity5 was then added for the subsequent 4 months. There was a significant decline in blood pressure values during the first period in all groups. @entity10 : systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160 +/- 6 to 149 +/- 5 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 101 +/- 3 to 94 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity4 declined from 350 +/- 105 to 205 +/- 96 mg/24 h (p = 0.001), @entity6 clearance (CrCl) was unchanged. @entity9 : SBP: 160 +/- 7 to 151 +/- 6 mm Hg; DBP: 97 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 4 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity4 373 +/- 121 to 322 +/- 107 mg/24 h (p = 0.065) and CrCl 87 +/- 7 to 91 +/- 6 ml/min. The combination of both agents at half doses was equipotent or superior to either drug alone. Cross-over of @entity10 and @entity9 reproduced the @entity3 effect and reversed the antialbuminuric effect. The addition of @entity5 resulted in a further decline of 6-14 mm Hg in SBP and 3-11 mm Hg in @entity8 .

title: Effect of an alpha-adrenergic blocker, and ACE inhibitor and @entity5 on blood pressure and on renal function in type 2 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 and XXXX . A randomized cross-over study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: alpha-Adrenergic blockers are potential alternative antihypertensive agents for @entity1 @entity0 . Data on their relative efficacy and their effect on kidney function and @entity4 are very limited however. 76 @entity0 with @entity7 , @entity2 (>/=140/90 mm Hg) and @entity4 (>/=30 mg/24 h) were randomized into three groups to receive @entity10 (2.5-10 mg), @entity9 (2-8 mg) or both. @entity0 of the first and second groups received a single agent for 4 months, the agents were then crossed for an additional period of 4 months followed by the addition of @entity5 (25 mg) for a third 4-month period. Blood pressure was monitored monthly, @entity6 clearance and HbA1c were measured before and at the end of each treatment period. @entity0 of the third group received reduced doses of @entity10 and @entity9 for 4 months. @entity5 was then added for the subsequent 4 months. There was a significant decline in blood pressure values during the first period in all groups. @entity10 : systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160 +/- 6 to 149 +/- 5 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 101 +/- 3 to 94 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity4 declined from 350 +/- 105 to 205 +/- 96 mg/24 h (p = 0.001), @entity6 clearance (CrCl) was unchanged. @entity9 : SBP: 160 +/- 7 to 151 +/- 6 mm Hg; DBP: 97 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 4 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity4 373 +/- 121 to 322 +/- 107 mg/24 h (p = 0.065) and CrCl 87 +/- 7 to 91 +/- 6 ml/min. The combination of both agents at half doses was equipotent or superior to either drug alone. Cross-over of @entity10 and @entity9 reproduced the @entity3 effect and reversed the antialbuminuric effect. The addition of @entity5 resulted in a further decline of 6-14 mm Hg in SBP and 3-11 mm Hg in @entity8 .

title: Effect of an alpha-adrenergic blocker, and ACE inhibitor and XXXX on blood pressure and on renal function in type 2 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity4 . A randomized cross-over study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: alpha-Adrenergic blockers are potential alternative antihypertensive agents for @entity1 @entity0 . Data on their relative efficacy and their effect on kidney function and @entity4 are very limited however. 76 @entity0 with @entity7 , @entity2 (>/=140/90 mm Hg) and @entity4 (>/=30 mg/24 h) were randomized into three groups to receive @entity10 (2.5-10 mg), @entity9 (2-8 mg) or both. @entity0 of the first and second groups received a single agent for 4 months, the agents were then crossed for an additional period of 4 months followed by the addition of @entity5 (25 mg) for a third 4-month period. Blood pressure was monitored monthly, @entity6 clearance and HbA1c were measured before and at the end of each treatment period. @entity0 of the third group received reduced doses of @entity10 and @entity9 for 4 months. @entity5 was then added for the subsequent 4 months. There was a significant decline in blood pressure values during the first period in all groups. @entity10 : systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160 +/- 6 to 149 +/- 5 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 101 +/- 3 to 94 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity4 declined from 350 +/- 105 to 205 +/- 96 mg/24 h (p = 0.001), @entity6 clearance (CrCl) was unchanged. @entity9 : SBP: 160 +/- 7 to 151 +/- 6 mm Hg; DBP: 97 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 4 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity4 373 +/- 121 to 322 +/- 107 mg/24 h (p = 0.065) and CrCl 87 +/- 7 to 91 +/- 6 ml/min. The combination of both agents at half doses was equipotent or superior to either drug alone. Cross-over of @entity10 and @entity9 reproduced the @entity3 effect and reversed the antialbuminuric effect. The addition of @entity5 resulted in a further decline of 6-14 mm Hg in SBP and 3-11 mm Hg in @entity8 .

title: Effect of an alpha-adrenergic blocker, and ACE inhibitor and @entity5 on blood pressure and on renal function in type 2 @entity1 @entity0 with XXXX and @entity4 . A randomized cross-over study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: alpha-Adrenergic blockers are potential alternative antihypertensive agents for @entity1 @entity0 . Data on their relative efficacy and their effect on kidney function and @entity4 are very limited however. 76 @entity0 with @entity7 , @entity2 (>/=140/90 mm Hg) and @entity4 (>/=30 mg/24 h) were randomized into three groups to receive @entity10 (2.5-10 mg), @entity9 (2-8 mg) or both. @entity0 of the first and second groups received a single agent for 4 months, the agents were then crossed for an additional period of 4 months followed by the addition of @entity5 (25 mg) for a third 4-month period. Blood pressure was monitored monthly, @entity6 clearance and HbA1c were measured before and at the end of each treatment period. @entity0 of the third group received reduced doses of @entity10 and @entity9 for 4 months. @entity5 was then added for the subsequent 4 months. There was a significant decline in blood pressure values during the first period in all groups. @entity10 : systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160 +/- 6 to 149 +/- 5 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 101 +/- 3 to 94 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity4 declined from 350 +/- 105 to 205 +/- 96 mg/24 h (p = 0.001), @entity6 clearance (CrCl) was unchanged. @entity9 : SBP: 160 +/- 7 to 151 +/- 6 mm Hg; DBP: 97 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 4 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity4 373 +/- 121 to 322 +/- 107 mg/24 h (p = 0.065) and CrCl 87 +/- 7 to 91 +/- 6 ml/min. The combination of both agents at half doses was equipotent or superior to either drug alone. Cross-over of @entity10 and @entity9 reproduced the @entity3 effect and reversed the antialbuminuric effect. The addition of @entity5 resulted in a further decline of 6-14 mm Hg in SBP and 3-11 mm Hg in @entity8 .

title: Effect of an alpha-adrenergic blocker, and ACE inhibitor and @entity5 on blood pressure and on renal function in type 2 @entity1 XXXX with @entity2 and @entity4 . A randomized cross-over study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Autologous stem-cell transplantation has become a widely used therapy in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). To appreciate the early and late risks associated with this procedure, its lethal @entity3 and effects on the incidence of @entity1 were studied. Data related to 467 French @entity0 grafted from 1982 to 1995 for primary sensitive disease (PSD, 22%), @entity2 ( @entity2 , 18%), first relapse (R1, 45%), or subsequent relapses (R2, 15%) were analyzed. Grafted @entity0 (PSD, @entity2 , and R1; n = 393) were matched (3 controls for 1 case) on age, gender, clinical stage, B symptoms, and time at risk with 1179 conventionally treated @entity0 issued from international databases. The proportional hazards (Cox) model was used to assess relative risks (RR). Among grafted @entity0 , 8% died of @entity3 related to the procedure, and 18 @entity1 occurred leading to a 5-year cumulative incidence rate of 8.9%. In this series, risk factors for second @entity1 were age >/=40 years (RR = 3.73, P = .007) and the use of peripheral blood stem cells as source of graft (RR = 3.10, P = .03). Among grafted and matched ungrafted @entity0 , risk factors for the development of secondary @entity1 were age >/=40 years (RR = 2.90, P < .001), relapse versus no relapse (RR = 5.22, P = .006), @entity2 versus other @entity0 (RR = 3.86, P = .033), and grafted versus ungrafted @entity0 (RR = 2.04, P = . 024). @entity1 were more frequent in grafted than in ungrafted @entity0 (RR = 5.19, P = .001) although the incidence of @entity5 and @entity6 was similar in the two groups. We conclude that high-dose chemotherapy administered as first-line treatment or after relapse is associated with an acceptable toxic death rate. The risk of secondary @entity5 or @entity6 is not significantly increased after autologous stem-cell transplantation for @entity4 , whereas an increased risk of solid @entity1 exists. The peripheral blood stem-cell-associated risk of secondary @entity1 among grafted @entity0 needs further investigations.

title: Treatment-related deaths and second @entity1 risk after autologous stem-cell transplantation for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Autologous stem-cell transplantation has become a widely used therapy in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). To appreciate the early and late risks associated with this procedure, its lethal @entity3 and effects on the incidence of @entity1 were studied. Data related to 467 French @entity0 grafted from 1982 to 1995 for primary sensitive disease (PSD, 22%), @entity2 ( @entity2 , 18%), first relapse (R1, 45%), or subsequent relapses (R2, 15%) were analyzed. Grafted @entity0 (PSD, @entity2 , and R1; n = 393) were matched (3 controls for 1 case) on age, gender, clinical stage, B symptoms, and time at risk with 1179 conventionally treated @entity0 issued from international databases. The proportional hazards (Cox) model was used to assess relative risks (RR). Among grafted @entity0 , 8% died of @entity3 related to the procedure, and 18 @entity1 occurred leading to a 5-year cumulative incidence rate of 8.9%. In this series, risk factors for second @entity1 were age >/=40 years (RR = 3.73, P = .007) and the use of peripheral blood stem cells as source of graft (RR = 3.10, P = .03). Among grafted and matched ungrafted @entity0 , risk factors for the development of secondary @entity1 were age >/=40 years (RR = 2.90, P < .001), relapse versus no relapse (RR = 5.22, P = .006), @entity2 versus other @entity0 (RR = 3.86, P = .033), and grafted versus ungrafted @entity0 (RR = 2.04, P = . 024). @entity1 were more frequent in grafted than in ungrafted @entity0 (RR = 5.19, P = .001) although the incidence of @entity5 and @entity6 was similar in the two groups. We conclude that high-dose chemotherapy administered as first-line treatment or after relapse is associated with an acceptable toxic death rate. The risk of secondary @entity5 or @entity6 is not significantly increased after autologous stem-cell transplantation for @entity4 , whereas an increased risk of solid @entity1 exists. The peripheral blood stem-cell-associated risk of secondary @entity1 among grafted @entity0 needs further investigations.

title: Treatment-related deaths and second XXXX risk after autologous stem-cell transplantation for @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Bow hunter's @entity2 is a symptomatic @entity6 caused by @entity4 or occlusion of the vertebral artery at the C1C2 level with @entity3 . No case of anterior decompression of the vertebral artery for surgical treatment of bow hunter's @entity2 has been reported. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 47-year-old male @entity0 presented with repeated episodes of @entity5 caused by turning his head approximately 40 degrees to the right; he recovered consciousness within approximately 10 seconds after his head was returned to the neutral position. Angiography revealed an occluded right vertebral artery and temporary occlusion of the left vertebral artery, at the level of the C2 transverse foramen, when the @entity0 's head was turned approximately 40 degrees to the right. INTERVENTION: Anterior decompression of the left vertebral artery at the transverse foramen of the axis was performed. Postoperative angiography demonstrated sufficient flow in the left vertebral artery even when the neck was rotated. CONCLUSION: The @entity0 was discharged without @entity1 . We demonstrate that simple surgical untethering of the vertebral artery at the transverse foramen of the axis is an effective method of treatment that avoids the limitation of @entity3 . The advantage of this procedure is that it does not result in postoperative restriction of the @entity0 's neck movements. The anterior approach, with decompression of the transverse foramen of the axis, in the present case provided adequate exposure of the vertebral artery and resulted in a satisfactory outcome.

title: Anterior decompression of the atlantoaxial vertebral artery to treat bow hunter's XXXX : technical case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Under-prescribing and low attendance continue to be cited as reasons for ongoing @entity3 symptoms in primary care despite marked increases in prescribing and structured care for @entity3 over the past 10 years. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between continuing @entity3 morbidity and the attendance of and prescribing for symptomatic @entity4 @entity0 in primary care. A random sample of 402 subjects from 801 who reported at least one of six symptoms in the previous month on most or every day were identified from responses to a validated morbidity questionnaire. An analysis of their care over a 2-year period (1 year before and 1 year after the questionnaire) was carried out from their general practice case-notes. Data on 308 @entity0 was available for analysis. Ninety-four per cent of these symptomatic @entity3 @entity0 attended over the 2-year period, with 77% attending for an @entity3 related consultation. Most @entity0 were managed exclusively in primary care. Inhaled @entity2 were prescribed for 78% of @entity0 and high dose inhaled @entity2 (> or = 800 mcg of @entity5 or equivalent per day) were prescribed for 38%. @entity0 with most symptoms were more likely to be prescribed inhaled @entity2 . Rescue courses of oral @entity2 were prescribed for 29% of @entity0 . Changes in @entity3 medications were recorded for 31% during the study period. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were prescribed for 86% with more than half prescribed MDIs combined with some other delivery device. Elements of structured care were more frequently recorded in @entity0 who reported most symptoms. In conclusion the @entity3 management of the majority of @entity0 in this study was active with high levels of @entity1 prescribing. There appeared to be room to increase prescribing and to improve the structure of care. While @entity0 who were 'symptomatic on @entity2 ' should have had their medications, delivery devices and structured care reviewed regularly many were already on maximal treatment and were therefore likely to remain symptomatic. It is unclear how practitioners could improve morbidity in many of these @entity0 as under-treatment and low attendance seem unlikely to be the principal causes of continuing symptoms.

title: Symptomatic XXXX : attendance and prescribing in general practice.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In this study, we describe functional characteristics of neurons forming networks generating oral ingestive motor behaviours. Neurons in medial reticular nuclei on the right side of the brainstem between the trigeminal and hypoglossal motor nuclei were recorded in anaesthetized and paralysed @entity0 during two types of masticatory-like motor patterns induced by electrical stimulation of the left (contralateral) or right (ipsilateral) cortical masticatory areas. Sixty-seven neurons in @entity2 pontis caudalis (nPontc), @entity2 parvocellularis (nParv), and @entity2 gigantocellularis (Rgc) were studied. These were classified as phasic or tonic depending on their firing pattern during the fictive jaw movement cycle. Phasic neurons located in the dorsal part of nPontc were active during the jaw opening phase, whilst those in dorsal nParv tended to fire during the closing phase. In most neurons, burst duration and firing frequency changed between the two motor patterns, but there was little change in phase of firing. Tonic units were mainly recorded in the ventral half of nPontc, and at the junction between Rgc and caudal nParv. @entity1 with short latency from the contralateral masticatory area were more frequent in phasic (82%) than tonic (44%) neurons, whilst inputs from the ipsilateral cortex were equal in the two subgroups (57% and 56%). Phasic neurons had significantly shorter mean contralateral than ipsilateral cortical latencies, whilst there was no difference among tonic neurons. Intra- and perioral primary afferent inputs activated both types of neurons at oligo-synaptic latencies. Our results show that subpopulations of neurons in medial reticular nuclei extending from the caudal part of the trigeminal motor nucleus to the rostral third of the hypoglossal motor nucleus are active during the fictive masticatory motor behaviour. Unlike masticatory neurons in the lateral tegmentum, the medial subpopulations are spatially organized according to discharge pattern.

title: Discharge patterns of neurons in the medial pontobulbar reticular formation during fictive mastication in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Historically, early stage @entity1 has been treated with low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy with or without external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Complication rates have been low and treatment efficacious. Although @entity3 ( @entity3 ) brachytherapy has been used for cervical @entity1 in many countries for over a decade, only more recently has it been integrated into treatment plans for @entity1 . This paper describes three @entity0 treated with @entity3 brachytherapy who experienced significant late effects. Given the very limited amount of literature regarding the use of @entity3 brachytherapy in @entity1 , this analysis potentially contributes to an understanding of treatment-related risk factors for complications among @entity0 treated with this modality.A focused review of hospital and departmental treatment records was done on three @entity0 treated with @entity3 brachytherapy. Abstracted information included clinical data, treatment parameters (technique, doses, volume, combinations with other treatments) and outcomes (local control, survival, early and late effects). A review of the available literature was also undertaken. All @entity0 had significant complications. Although statistical correlations between treatment parameters and complications are impossible given the limited number of @entity0 , this descriptive analysis suggests that vaginal length treated with @entity3 brachytherapy is a risk factor for early and late effects, that the distal vagina has a lower radiation tolerance than the upper vagina with @entity3 as in LDR, and that combining @entity3 with LDR as done in our experience carries a high risk of late @entity2 . Integration of @entity3 brachytherapy techniques into treatment plans for early stage @entity1 must be done cautiously. The etiology of the significant side effects seen here is likely to be multifactorial. For users of @entity3 brachytherapy in @entity1 , there is a need to further refine and standardize treatment concepts and treatment delivery. Ideally this will be based on continued careful observation and reporting of both favorable and unfavorable outcomes and experiences.

title: High-dose-rate brachytherapy for XXXX : learning from treatment complications.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Passive local immunization against @entity4 is a promising approach to its prevention, as clinical evidence of active oral or nasal immunization is still limited and controversial. By means of systemic immunization of pregnant @entity1 with a multivalent vaccine, high titres of IgG antibodies against @entity0 cariogenic bacteria, @entity6 and @entity6 sobrinus, were produced in @entity1 colostrum. The purified @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of this preparation has a number of anticariogenic properties, such as inhibition of streptococcal adherence to saliva-coated @entity2 and inhibition of glucosyltransferase enzymes. This study investigated whether @entity3 antibodies remained active and functional when added to ultra-high temperature (UHT)-treated milk or to @entity5 (LGG)-fermented milk stored for an extended time. LGG was chosen because of its widely known health benefits in @entity0 and animals. A commercial UHT toddler's milk was supplemented with @entity3 and stored for 2 months at 5, 21 and 30 degrees C. The antistreptococcal titres in UHT milk did not decline at any temperature during storage, and UHT- @entity3 inhibited the adherence of @entity6 for up to 2 months. This was not the case with UHT toddler's milk without IgG antibodies. Milk was fermented with live LGG cells in the presence or absence of 5% @entity3 . The antistreptococcal titres declined to about 30% of the original titres after storage. Fresh milk alone slightly enhanced streptococcal adhesion but fresh milk with @entity3 inhibited the adherence of @entity6 by over 50%. LGG-positive fermented milk without antibodies also inhibited (P < 0.05) the adhesion by about 40%. In both LGG-fermented and UHT immune milk, the activity of antibodies against cariogenic streptococci was maintained during the expected shelf-life of these products. From the anticariogenic point of view it may be beneficial to add bovine-specific antibodies against mutans streptococci to probiotic LGG-containing milk products.

title: Stability and activity of specific antibodies against @entity6 and @entity6 sobrinus in XXXX milk fermented with @entity5 or treated at ultra-high temperature.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Passive local immunization against @entity4 is a promising approach to its prevention, as clinical evidence of active oral or nasal immunization is still limited and controversial. By means of systemic immunization of pregnant @entity1 with a multivalent vaccine, high titres of IgG antibodies against @entity0 cariogenic bacteria, @entity6 and @entity6 sobrinus, were produced in @entity1 colostrum. The purified @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of this preparation has a number of anticariogenic properties, such as inhibition of streptococcal adherence to saliva-coated @entity2 and inhibition of glucosyltransferase enzymes. This study investigated whether @entity3 antibodies remained active and functional when added to ultra-high temperature (UHT)-treated milk or to @entity5 (LGG)-fermented milk stored for an extended time. LGG was chosen because of its widely known health benefits in @entity0 and animals. A commercial UHT toddler's milk was supplemented with @entity3 and stored for 2 months at 5, 21 and 30 degrees C. The antistreptococcal titres in UHT milk did not decline at any temperature during storage, and UHT- @entity3 inhibited the adherence of @entity6 for up to 2 months. This was not the case with UHT toddler's milk without IgG antibodies. Milk was fermented with live LGG cells in the presence or absence of 5% @entity3 . The antistreptococcal titres declined to about 30% of the original titres after storage. Fresh milk alone slightly enhanced streptococcal adhesion but fresh milk with @entity3 inhibited the adherence of @entity6 by over 50%. LGG-positive fermented milk without antibodies also inhibited (P < 0.05) the adhesion by about 40%. In both LGG-fermented and UHT immune milk, the activity of antibodies against cariogenic streptococci was maintained during the expected shelf-life of these products. From the anticariogenic point of view it may be beneficial to add bovine-specific antibodies against mutans streptococci to probiotic LGG-containing milk products.

title: Stability and activity of specific antibodies against @entity6 and @entity6 sobrinus in @entity1 milk fermented with XXXX or treated at ultra-high temperature.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Passive local immunization against @entity4 is a promising approach to its prevention, as clinical evidence of active oral or nasal immunization is still limited and controversial. By means of systemic immunization of pregnant @entity1 with a multivalent vaccine, high titres of IgG antibodies against @entity0 cariogenic bacteria, @entity6 and @entity6 sobrinus, were produced in @entity1 colostrum. The purified @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of this preparation has a number of anticariogenic properties, such as inhibition of streptococcal adherence to saliva-coated @entity2 and inhibition of glucosyltransferase enzymes. This study investigated whether @entity3 antibodies remained active and functional when added to ultra-high temperature (UHT)-treated milk or to @entity5 (LGG)-fermented milk stored for an extended time. LGG was chosen because of its widely known health benefits in @entity0 and animals. A commercial UHT toddler's milk was supplemented with @entity3 and stored for 2 months at 5, 21 and 30 degrees C. The antistreptococcal titres in UHT milk did not decline at any temperature during storage, and UHT- @entity3 inhibited the adherence of @entity6 for up to 2 months. This was not the case with UHT toddler's milk without IgG antibodies. Milk was fermented with live LGG cells in the presence or absence of 5% @entity3 . The antistreptococcal titres declined to about 30% of the original titres after storage. Fresh milk alone slightly enhanced streptococcal adhesion but fresh milk with @entity3 inhibited the adherence of @entity6 by over 50%. LGG-positive fermented milk without antibodies also inhibited (P < 0.05) the adhesion by about 40%. In both LGG-fermented and UHT immune milk, the activity of antibodies against cariogenic streptococci was maintained during the expected shelf-life of these products. From the anticariogenic point of view it may be beneficial to add bovine-specific antibodies against mutans streptococci to probiotic LGG-containing milk products.

title: Stability and activity of specific antibodies against XXXX and @entity6 sobrinus in @entity1 milk fermented with @entity5 or treated at ultra-high temperature.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Passive local immunization against @entity4 is a promising approach to its prevention, as clinical evidence of active oral or nasal immunization is still limited and controversial. By means of systemic immunization of pregnant @entity1 with a multivalent vaccine, high titres of IgG antibodies against @entity0 cariogenic bacteria, @entity6 and @entity6 sobrinus, were produced in @entity1 colostrum. The purified @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of this preparation has a number of anticariogenic properties, such as inhibition of streptococcal adherence to saliva-coated @entity2 and inhibition of glucosyltransferase enzymes. This study investigated whether @entity3 antibodies remained active and functional when added to ultra-high temperature (UHT)-treated milk or to @entity5 (LGG)-fermented milk stored for an extended time. LGG was chosen because of its widely known health benefits in @entity0 and animals. A commercial UHT toddler's milk was supplemented with @entity3 and stored for 2 months at 5, 21 and 30 degrees C. The antistreptococcal titres in UHT milk did not decline at any temperature during storage, and UHT- @entity3 inhibited the adherence of @entity6 for up to 2 months. This was not the case with UHT toddler's milk without IgG antibodies. Milk was fermented with live LGG cells in the presence or absence of 5% @entity3 . The antistreptococcal titres declined to about 30% of the original titres after storage. Fresh milk alone slightly enhanced streptococcal adhesion but fresh milk with @entity3 inhibited the adherence of @entity6 by over 50%. LGG-positive fermented milk without antibodies also inhibited (P < 0.05) the adhesion by about 40%. In both LGG-fermented and UHT immune milk, the activity of antibodies against cariogenic streptococci was maintained during the expected shelf-life of these products. From the anticariogenic point of view it may be beneficial to add bovine-specific antibodies against mutans streptococci to probiotic LGG-containing milk products.

title: Stability and activity of specific antibodies against @entity6 and XXXX sobrinus in @entity1 milk fermented with @entity5 or treated at ultra-high temperature.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 is the most common @entity2 in @entity1 all over the world. It is necessary to establish monitoring methods and to identify risk factors. METHODS: Six cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Wuhan and Guangzhou were chosen as the sample areas. 2 100 cases with 1:1 matched controls were interviewed with a uniformed questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression and cluster analysis were used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The common risk factors for the combined data of the six cities were high educational level (OR: 1.17), high body mass index (OR: 1.51), high intake of milk products (OR: 1.49), high intake of eggs (OR: 1.14), @entity3 (OR: 2.78), history of @entity4 (OR: 2.24), old age at marriage (OR: 1.42), @entity5 (OR: 1.22), short duration of lactation (OR: 1.17). Among these factors, different cities had different ORs, as high educational level (OR: 1.20 - 1.61), high body mass index (OR: 1.40 - 22.36), high intake of milk products (OR: 1.64 - 3.39), @entity3 (OR: 1.60 - 10.50), history of @entity4 (OR: 1.73 - 19.44). Some statistically significant correlations existed in different cities such as early age at menarche, old age at marriage, long menstrual periods, high intake of meat, eggs, sea food and passive smoking were risk factors. Some risk factors varied between premenopausal and postmenopausal @entity1 . Beijing, Wuhan and Chongqing were clustered as the same group in cluster analysis, so did Shanghai and Tianjin, but Guangzhou could not be grouped with other cities. CONCLUSION: Some common risk factors for @entity0 did exist in the six cities, but there were varieties in different areas which showed different places would have their own characteristics. Thus, careful study of risk factors, especially in the selection of variables and data analysis need to be carried on.

title: [Study on risk factors of XXXX among urban @entity1 in China].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 is the most common @entity2 in @entity1 all over the world. It is necessary to establish monitoring methods and to identify risk factors. METHODS: Six cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Wuhan and Guangzhou were chosen as the sample areas. 2 100 cases with 1:1 matched controls were interviewed with a uniformed questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression and cluster analysis were used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The common risk factors for the combined data of the six cities were high educational level (OR: 1.17), high body mass index (OR: 1.51), high intake of milk products (OR: 1.49), high intake of eggs (OR: 1.14), @entity3 (OR: 2.78), history of @entity4 (OR: 2.24), old age at marriage (OR: 1.42), @entity5 (OR: 1.22), short duration of lactation (OR: 1.17). Among these factors, different cities had different ORs, as high educational level (OR: 1.20 - 1.61), high body mass index (OR: 1.40 - 22.36), high intake of milk products (OR: 1.64 - 3.39), @entity3 (OR: 1.60 - 10.50), history of @entity4 (OR: 1.73 - 19.44). Some statistically significant correlations existed in different cities such as early age at menarche, old age at marriage, long menstrual periods, high intake of meat, eggs, sea food and passive smoking were risk factors. Some risk factors varied between premenopausal and postmenopausal @entity1 . Beijing, Wuhan and Chongqing were clustered as the same group in cluster analysis, so did Shanghai and Tianjin, but Guangzhou could not be grouped with other cities. CONCLUSION: Some common risk factors for @entity0 did exist in the six cities, but there were varieties in different areas which showed different places would have their own characteristics. Thus, careful study of risk factors, especially in the selection of variables and data analysis need to be carried on.

title: [Study on risk factors of @entity0 among urban XXXX in China].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A review of all prenatal and postnatal diagnoses of trisomy 16 and trisomy 16 mosaicism was carried out in the context of the current understanding of confined placental mosaicism and @entity12 ( @entity12 ). The prenatal detection of trisomy 16 cells is associated with a high probability of @entity11 , @entity10 , @entity4 , and @entity8 . @entity3 were typical of those seen in nonmosaic partial duplications of chromosome 16. Surprisingly, anomalies were sometimes limited to a single organ and included some relatively common @entity0 such as a @entity6 , @entity9 , imperforate anus, @entity2 , and clubfoot. The risk for abnormality appeared to be higher in those pregnancies in which trisomy 16 cells were identified in amniotic fluid compared to the detection in chorionic villi samples. Contrary to nonmosaic trisomy 16 with an excess of males, @entity5 shows an excess of female karyotypes. Following the prenatal detection of trisomy 16 cells, @entity7 cells are almost never found in fetal or neonatal lymphocytes. Studies on fibroblasts also often fail to confirm the presence of the abnormal cell line even in cases in which @entity1 are present. It is likely that trisomy 16 cells are sometimes present in the early developing embryo even though subsequent cytogenetic studies on fetal or neonatal tissues may not detect any @entity7 cells. @entity12 can be excluded as a mechanism for those anomalies that are common to @entity5 and nonmosaic partial duplications. The term "occult mosaicism" is suggested to describe the situation in which the presence of an abnormal cell line is suspected on the basis of clinical data but unproven by laboratory analysis.

title: XXXX : a review.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The activities of crude plant extracts of five plants popularly used in Guatemala against @entity2 and some of their fractions have been evaluated against the trypomastigote and epimastigote forms of @entity1 in vitro. The most active fraction of Neurolaena lobata has also been screened in vivo. Main in vitro activities against trypomastigotes have been observed for the @entity3 and @entity0 extracts of N. lobata (Asteraceae). Both extracts were also active against epimastigotes, whereas all other extracts tested had no effect on epimastigotes. For the @entity3 extracts of Petiveria alliacea (Phytolaccaceae) and Tridax procumbens (Asteraceae) a marked inhibition of trypomastigotes has been found. Also the @entity0 extracts of Byrsonima crassifolia (Malpighiaceae) leafs and Gliricidia sepium (Papilionaceae) bark showed some trypanocidal activity. Fraction 2 of the @entity0 extract of N. lobata was highly active against @entity1 as well in vitro as in vivo. The @entity4 fraction of P. alliacea showed a high inhibition of trypomastigotes in vitro. Also three fractions of the active extract of B. crassifolia inhibited @entity1 trypomastigotes. No fraction of G. sepium bark extract showed a marked trypanocidal activity.

title: Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of protozoal infections: II. Activity of extracts and fractions of five Guatemalan plants against XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Ambulatory management of @entity8 requires careful and continuing care by the obstetrician. The initial evaluation should include a comprehensive history, including use of fertility enhancing drugs and ART, family history, social history; a general physical examination, including a pelvic examination; laboratory evaluation, including complete blood cell count, dipstick urinalysis for protein and @entity3 , urine culture, blood type, Rh factor and irregular blood antibody determination, serology for @entity7 , syphilis, hepatitis B surface antigen and varicella (if there is no history). A Papanicolaou smear should be done at the time of the pelvic examination, as should evaluation for @entity9 . Ultrasound assessment of placentation should be done at 14 weeks' gestation, but vaginal or perineal ultrasound of cervical length should be done at the initial visit. Other testing procedures should include repeat ultrasound evaluation for fetal growth every 4 weeks in a dichorionic placentation and every 3 weeks if monochorionic placentation is present. Triple screen MSAFP at 16-18 weeks' gestation and blood sugar screening at 22-26 weeks should be performed. After the first trimester, the @entity0 should schedule physician visits every 2 weeks or less. Routine medications should include one prenatal vitamin per day, additional @entity6 supplementation of 1.0 mg per fetus, supplemental @entity1 preparation, and additional @entity4 to equal 1500 mg/day. The use of low-dose @entity2 to prevent @entity5 in twin gestations has not been adequately studied. Continuing vigilance by the knowledgeable obstetrician should occur. Multiple gestations should not be cared for by non-physician providers or by family physicians. Referral to a maternal-fetal medicine unit is recommended.

title: Ambulatory management of XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is infrequent in childhood (0.3-2% of all cases of @entity1 ). At the present time more and more paediatric @entity0 are being described. In this paper we describe our experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We review seven @entity0 diagnosed as having @entity1 before the age of 16, between 1984 and 1996. We have recorded: age, sex, personal and family history, form of onset and clinical course. CSF, neurophysiological and neuroimaging tests, treatment and diagnostic category according to the criteria of Poser. RESULTS: Four @entity0 and three @entity0 aged between three and thirteen years at the onset of the disorder. In one case there was a family history of @entity1 . The most frequent form of onset was hemiparesia, followed by @entity6 and @entity2 . Six cases followed a recurrent-remittent course and one followed a secondarily progressive course. There were oligoclonal bands (OGB) in the CSF in three cases. Visual evoked potentials (VEP) were abnormal in six cases. Magnetic resonance (RM) was a great help in diagnosis and in six cases was very informative. Six @entity0 were treated with @entity3 during the acute phase and two with long-term @entity4 . CONCLUSION: The commonest form of presentation, hemiparesia, makes the differential diagnosis with acute @entity5 of childhood obligatory. Neurophysiological techniques, especially the VEP are very useful for initial assessment. RM is the most sensitive method, although it is not specific for diagnosis. The average follow-up period (4.5 years) is too short to determine the prognosis.

title: [ XXXX in childhood: our experience and a review of literature].

answer: @entity1


abstract: This article reports on the effect of dietary modification on changes in eating patterns and serum lipids among @entity4 @entity0 aged 40-59 years with no evidence of @entity2 in Mae Sot District, Tak Province, between 1995 and 1996. A total of 381 @entity0 with total @entity1 levels > or = 240 mg/dl and @entity3 levels < 400 mg/dl were educated, counseled, and followed-up by the mobile health team at the health centres in the communities. The team comprised both hospital personnel (a physician, a health educator, and public health nurses) and the health centre workers. Of the 381 study @entity0 , 331 (86.9%) completed the one-year follow-up. The @entity0 at one-year follow-up were more likely than at baseline to reduce intakes of dietary fat and @entity1 , whereas, there was an increased intake of vegetables and fruits. The mean total @entity1 level significantly decreased from 258.9 mg/dl at baseline to 236.1 mg/dl at one-year follow-up (p < 0.01), giving an 8.8 per cent reduction. The mean change in low-density lipoprotein @entity1 levels was a 26.0 mg/dl decrease (p < 0.01), yielding a 15.1 per cent fall. The mean high-density lipoprotein @entity1 level increased from 44.6 mg/dl at baseline to 46.8 mg/dl at one-year follow-up (p < 0.01). The proportion of those who had a body mass index of < 25 slightly increased from 70.7 per cent at baseline to 72.5 per cent at one-year follow-up. The dietary intervention program by the mobile team may be useful for lowering serum @entity1 among the rural population with @entity5 .

title: Effect of dietary modification on changes in serum lipids among rural Thai @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: This article reports on the effect of dietary modification on changes in eating patterns and serum lipids among @entity4 @entity0 aged 40-59 years with no evidence of @entity2 in Mae Sot District, Tak Province, between 1995 and 1996. A total of 381 @entity0 with total @entity1 levels > or = 240 mg/dl and @entity3 levels < 400 mg/dl were educated, counseled, and followed-up by the mobile health team at the health centres in the communities. The team comprised both hospital personnel (a physician, a health educator, and public health nurses) and the health centre workers. Of the 381 study @entity0 , 331 (86.9%) completed the one-year follow-up. The @entity0 at one-year follow-up were more likely than at baseline to reduce intakes of dietary fat and @entity1 , whereas, there was an increased intake of vegetables and fruits. The mean total @entity1 level significantly decreased from 258.9 mg/dl at baseline to 236.1 mg/dl at one-year follow-up (p < 0.01), giving an 8.8 per cent reduction. The mean change in low-density lipoprotein @entity1 levels was a 26.0 mg/dl decrease (p < 0.01), yielding a 15.1 per cent fall. The mean high-density lipoprotein @entity1 level increased from 44.6 mg/dl at baseline to 46.8 mg/dl at one-year follow-up (p < 0.01). The proportion of those who had a body mass index of < 25 slightly increased from 70.7 per cent at baseline to 72.5 per cent at one-year follow-up. The dietary intervention program by the mobile team may be useful for lowering serum @entity1 among the rural population with @entity5 .

title: Effect of dietary modification on changes in serum lipids among rural Thai XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity3 has been associated with increased mortality in @entity0 after @entity4 ( @entity4 ), little is known about the effects of @entity3 on autonomic nervous system control of heart rate. This study evaluated whether @entity3 is associated with @entity1 ( @entity5 ) in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: Two hundred four hospitalized @entity0 with @entity4 were evaluated 6 +/- 3 (mean +/- SD) days after @entity4 . @entity5 was assessed using cross-spectral analysis to measure baroreceptor-mediated R-R interval oscillations. @entity3 was determined using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, and severity of @entity3 symptoms was measured with the Beck @entity3 Inventory. In order to adjust for possible differences in @entity2 , we also measured state @entity2 using the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS: @entity3 was not significantly related to @entity5 . However, @entity2 was significantly related to low @entity5 in multivariate analysis, after the potentially confounding variables of age, blood pressure, and respiratory frequency were controlled for. Comparison of groups with high and low @entity2 (on the basis of a median split of state @entity2 scores) showed that @entity5 was reduced by approximately 20% in the @entity0 with the higher @entity2 scores (4.7 +/- 3.2 ms/mm Hg vs 5.7 +/- 3.3 ms/mm Hg, P <.05), after adjustment for differences in age, blood pressure, and respiratory frequency. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of @entity2 , but not @entity3 , are associated with reduced vagal control in @entity0 after @entity4 .

title: Association of XXXX with reduced baroreflex cardiac control in @entity0 after @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity3 has been associated with increased mortality in @entity0 after @entity4 ( @entity4 ), little is known about the effects of @entity3 on autonomic nervous system control of heart rate. This study evaluated whether @entity3 is associated with @entity1 ( @entity5 ) in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: Two hundred four hospitalized @entity0 with @entity4 were evaluated 6 +/- 3 (mean +/- SD) days after @entity4 . @entity5 was assessed using cross-spectral analysis to measure baroreceptor-mediated R-R interval oscillations. @entity3 was determined using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, and severity of @entity3 symptoms was measured with the Beck @entity3 Inventory. In order to adjust for possible differences in @entity2 , we also measured state @entity2 using the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS: @entity3 was not significantly related to @entity5 . However, @entity2 was significantly related to low @entity5 in multivariate analysis, after the potentially confounding variables of age, blood pressure, and respiratory frequency were controlled for. Comparison of groups with high and low @entity2 (on the basis of a median split of state @entity2 scores) showed that @entity5 was reduced by approximately 20% in the @entity0 with the higher @entity2 scores (4.7 +/- 3.2 ms/mm Hg vs 5.7 +/- 3.3 ms/mm Hg, P <.05), after adjustment for differences in age, blood pressure, and respiratory frequency. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of @entity2 , but not @entity3 , are associated with reduced vagal control in @entity0 after @entity4 .

title: Association of @entity2 with reduced baroreflex cardiac control in @entity0 after XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity3 has been associated with increased mortality in @entity0 after @entity4 ( @entity4 ), little is known about the effects of @entity3 on autonomic nervous system control of heart rate. This study evaluated whether @entity3 is associated with @entity1 ( @entity5 ) in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: Two hundred four hospitalized @entity0 with @entity4 were evaluated 6 +/- 3 (mean +/- SD) days after @entity4 . @entity5 was assessed using cross-spectral analysis to measure baroreceptor-mediated R-R interval oscillations. @entity3 was determined using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, and severity of @entity3 symptoms was measured with the Beck @entity3 Inventory. In order to adjust for possible differences in @entity2 , we also measured state @entity2 using the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS: @entity3 was not significantly related to @entity5 . However, @entity2 was significantly related to low @entity5 in multivariate analysis, after the potentially confounding variables of age, blood pressure, and respiratory frequency were controlled for. Comparison of groups with high and low @entity2 (on the basis of a median split of state @entity2 scores) showed that @entity5 was reduced by approximately 20% in the @entity0 with the higher @entity2 scores (4.7 +/- 3.2 ms/mm Hg vs 5.7 +/- 3.3 ms/mm Hg, P <.05), after adjustment for differences in age, blood pressure, and respiratory frequency. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of @entity2 , but not @entity3 , are associated with reduced vagal control in @entity0 after @entity4 .

title: Association of @entity2 with reduced baroreflex cardiac control in XXXX after @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The energy requirement for internal ventricular defibrillation is reduced by reversal of shock polarity. The influence of shock polarity on the efficacy of transthoracic @entity1 is unknown. METHODS: This prospective, randomized study enrolled 110 consecutive @entity0 who were referred for elective cardioversion of persistent @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The electrodes were placed in the anteroposterior position. The @entity0 were randomized to receive either standard (anterior pad = cathode) or reversed polarity (anterior pad = anode) shocks with a damped sinusoidal monophasic waveform. A step-up protocol was used to estimate the cardioversion threshold. The initial shock energy was 50 J, with subsequent increments to 100, 200, 300, and 360 J in the event of cardioversion failure. RESULTS: Sixty-four percent of the @entity0 population were @entity0 , with a mean age of 66 +/- 13 years and a mean duration of @entity1 of 242 +/- 556 days. The overall success rates of cardioversion were 84% for standard polarity and 78% for reversed polarity (P not significant). Among the @entity0 who were successfully cardioverted, the mean @entity1 threshold was 198 +/- 103 J for standard polarity and 212 +/- 107 J for reversed polarity (P not significant). CONCLUSIONS: Reversal of shock polarity does not improve transthoracic cardioversion efficacy with a standard damped sinusoidal monophasic waveform. Alternate strategies should be considered for @entity0 who fail external cardioversion, such as adjunctive pharmacologic treatment, use of a biphasic shock waveform, or internal cardioversion.

title: Effect of shock polarity on the efficacy of transthoracic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been hypothesized that the level of end-systolic wall stress (sigma(m)) is a feedback signal that regulates the level of @entity2 . Thus, low levels of sigma(m) may signify inappropriate @entity2 . METHODS: To characterize left ventricular (LV) structure and systolic function in @entity1 subjects with low levels of sigma(m), we studied 763 @entity0 . LV function was studied by midwall stress-shortening analysis. Partition values for sigma(m) were derived from a separate group of normal subjects, and the study population was divided into low stress (group I, n = 136), high stress (group III, n = 157), and intermediate stress group II (n = 470). LV chamber and myocardial function were characterized by relating shortening at the endocardium and at the midwall, respectively, to stress. RESULTS: As expected, group III @entity0 had the highest values for systolic blood pressure and LV cavity size but the lowest values for wall thickness and relative wall thickness. Surprisingly, however, there were no significant differences among stress groups with regard to age or body mass index. Contrary to the hypothesis that low levels of stress are indicative of excessive @entity2 , there were no significant differences among the 3 groups with regard to LV mass or any form of LV mass index. Furthermore, despite lower mean values for afterload, group I @entity0 had significantly lower values for midwall shortening, and this finding was indicative of reduced myocardial function; stress-shortening plots demonstrated that 28% of group I @entity0 fell below 95% CI compared with 10% of group II and only 5% of group III @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 subjects with low values for sigma(m) have more concentric LV geometry (higher relative wall thickness) and, on average, reduced myocardial function.

title: Myocardial function and geometry in XXXX subjects with low levels of afterload.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report a case of misinterpretation of @entity2 @entity4 due to @entity5 . A 67-year-old @entity0 was diagnosed with @entity2 @entity4 and subsequently placed on treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The initial diagnostic evaluation did not include measurement of anterior tibialis electromyogram. The respiratory disturbance index of the initial evaluation was 23. After a brief period of nasal CPAP use, the @entity0 discontinued the treatment because no significant change in daytime alertness was noted and signs of CPAP-related @entity1 appeared. The @entity0 was restudied polysomnographically with monitoring of anterior tibialis electromyograms. This study identified 392 leg movements of which 65% were associated with brief EEG arousal from sleep. Double-blind analysis of respiratory disturbance and leg movements yielded a total number of 360 arousals in the overnight recording. Eighty-five percent of all respiratory events could be associated with @entity6 following periodic limb movement-associated EEG arousal. No significant @entity3 was recorded with these events. We hypothesize that chemoreceptor stimulation secondary to EEG arousal during sleep is responsible for this @entity6 . This case report highlights that recording and scoring of leg movements must be an integral part of polysomnographic evaluations.

title: Misinterpretation of sleep-breathing disorder by XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 is a rare and nonmetastasizing soft tissue @entity1 of the pelvis and perineum and occurs almost exclusively in adult females. It infiltrates locally and has a high risk of local recurrence. Recommended treatment of the symptomatic @entity0 is wide excision with @entity1 -free margins and close postoperative monitoring. Herein, a case of @entity2 in an adult male is described, which arose in the scrotum over 12 months. The @entity1 showed an intermediate signal on T1-weighted MRI images. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images showed good enhancement. Wide excision of the @entity1 was performed. The surgical specimen measured 7 x 5 x 5 cm in size and weighed 80 g. The @entity1 's surface was smooth and had a gelatinous cut surface. Grossly, it was encapsulated with a pleura-like membrane and had a finger-like projection. Microscopically, sections showed many walled vessels of various sizes, collagen fibrils, a loose myxoid background. and spindle stroma cells. MRI and CT showed the angiomatous and myxomatous nature of the @entity1 wall. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to describe MRI findings in @entity3 .

title: XXXX of the scrotum.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In Belgium Infection Control Nurses must register postoperative wound @entity3 , @entity4 and ventilation associated @entity1 . At the author's hospital, the incidence of pressure sores is scored four times a year and there is a register of new @entity0 with M.R.S.A. (methicillin resistant @entity8 ) and @entity5 . Procedures for hospital hygiene can be consulted in order to see which @entity0 must be isolated and what kind of precautions must be taken. The microorganisms and diseases are sorted alphabetically and the cause of @entity6 , isolation procedure and duration of isolation are noted. These procedures must be translated to the different departments and individual @entity0 . For instance a @entity0 with M.R.S.A. is strictly isolated in the general hospital, but not in the @entity2 department. As far as the haemodialysis unit is concerned, @entity0 with @entity7 are more sensitive to @entity3 . For this reason correct hand hygiene is very important. Hand washing, hand disinfection techniques and the use of gloves must be promoted. A microbiological control of the hands of staff once a year, combined with an educational programme, can motivate staff in a positive way @entity11 present a serious occupational hazard for health care workers, especially those working in a haemodialysis unit. Information and needleless haemodialysis may reduce the risk of @entity11 and the risk of viral transmission. Can a nurse, at risk of viral contamination and transmission, refuse to treat a @entity0 ? Is the use of hats, overshoes, glasses necessary? How many times are these materials changed, etc.? This paper presents the data of 1. years of M.R.S.A. registration at the author's hospital. M.R.S.A. has become a serious problem in many hospitals since the mid 1970s. Strenuous efforts need to be taken to control its spread. Screening of the nose of @entity0 and of staff can be helpful. The carriers can be treated with mupirocin ointment. Body washing with @entity9 is preferred. The use of @entity10 and @entity12 is a decision for the physician.

title: Practical initiatives in the prevention of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The term ' @entity3 ' is often used synonymously with ' @entity2 '. Additional definitions, e.g. 'systemic @entity1 ', have been proposed. These terms have been employed to establish entry criteria for clinical trials of antibiotic therapy and adjunctive therapies. It may be appropriate to utilize these descriptions when initiating therapy of suspected @entity4 , since culture confirmation is often not available for days after initial clinical presentation. Empiric antibiotic therapy is now the rule rather than the exception for febrile hospitalized patients. No antimicrobial agent is superior for all major clinical situations and thus history and physical examination are critical factors which guide the clinician. Guidelines have been derived for the initial empiric management of serious @entity2 . While these were initially refined for the immunocompromized host, they may be considered generally applicable for the hospitalized @entity0 with a suspected serious systemic @entity4 . Currently, monotherapy with agents such as @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity6 / @entity9 and @entity5 has been sanctioned on the basis of their broad antimicrobial coverage and stability to clinically important beta-lactamases (although there is considerable variation from one compound to another). Perception of local epidemiologic patterns is a major factor in the selection of initial antibacterial therapy for hospital-acquired @entity2 .

title: Therapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: As the few randomized controlled trials available in the literature comparing botulinum toxin (BT) injection with established endoscopic treatment of @entity3 , i.e. @entity1 , showed conflicting results, we conducted a prospective randomized trial. Seventeen consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 diagnosed during a period between December 1997 and February 2000 were randomized into two treatment groups [ @entity1 by Rigiflex dilator (n=10), BT injection by sclerotherapy needle into four quadrants of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) (n=7) 80 units in five cases, 60 units in two cases] after @entity2 grading, endoscopy, barium esophagogram, and manometry, all of which were repeated 1 week after treatment. @entity0 were followed up clinically for 35.2+/-14 weeks. Chi-squares, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests were used for statistical analysis. After 1 week, 6/7 (86%) BT-treated vs. 8/10 (80%) dilatation-treated @entity0 improved (P=NS). There was no difference in LES pressure and maximum esophageal diameter in the barium esophagogram in the two groups before therapy. Both therapies resulted in significant reduction in LES pressure. The cumulative @entity2 -free state using the Kaplan-Meier method decreased progressively in BT-treated compared with dilatation-treated @entity0 (P=0.027). Two @entity0 with tortuous megaesophagus, one of whom had failed dilatation complicated by perforation previously, improved after BT. One other @entity0 in whom @entity1 had previously failed improved in a similar manner. BT is as good as @entity1 in achieving an initial improvement in @entity2 of @entity3 . It is also effective in @entity0 with tortuous megaesophagus and previous failed @entity1 . However, @entity2 often recurs during 1-year follow up.

title: Randomized controlled trial of intrasphincteric botulinum toxin A injection versus balloon dilatation in treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Healthcare costs are continuously increasing, and impose a strong responsibility on governments for an adequate allocation of resources among healthcare provisions and @entity0 . The aims of the present study were to describe the healthcare costs of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and other @entity1 in the context of the total costs of all other diseases, and to determinate the future need of healthcare resources, especially for @entity1 . The present authors performed a top-down cost-of-illness study comprising all healthcare costs of the Netherlands in 1994. Data on healthcare use were obtained for all 22 healthcare sectors, and used to ascribe costs to disease groups, age and sex. Costs of @entity1 are by far the largest in the Dutch healthcare system. Some 25.8% of total disease-specific costs could be ascribed to @entity1 : @entity1 conditions, 10.6%; @entity5 , 9.0%; and @entity3 , 6.2%. There are large differences between age and sex groups. The costs of @entity5 and @entity2 are higher among @entity0 , and the costs of @entity3 and @entity4 are higher among @entity0 . The age pattern shows two peaks: the first occurs at 25-35 years of age ( @entity5 and @entity1 conditions); and the second at 75-85 years of age ( @entity3 ). Time trends between 1988 and 1994 show an average annual growth rate of 5.2% for total healthcare costs: @entity1 conditions, 4.8%; @entity5 , 5.4%; and @entity3 , 9.4%. Demographic projections suggest a less-than-average cost increase for @entity5 and @entity1 (with annual growth rates of 0.2% and 0.4%, respectively) compared to the costs of @entity3 and total healthcare (with annual growth rates of 1.6% and 0.9%, respectively). @entity5 and @entity1 represent a large part of healthcare use in the Netherlands. The costs will inevitably increase because of the ageing of the population and increasing life expectancy among @entity0 with disabilities. Non-specific cost containment measures may endanger the quality of care for vulnerable @entity0 at younger and older ages.

title: Healthcare costs of XXXX in the Netherlands: a cost-of-illness perspective.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation of @entity4 and @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Cervical biopsies and histopathological examinations were performed on 179 cases which had abnormal cervical cytological smears. PCR was used to study the HPV-DNA of 128 cases and in situ hybridization (ISH) was used to study 10 cases. RESULTS: 1. Morphologic observations. Most @entity4 cases were of the morphologically flat type (97.7%). Two koilocyte types were observed, the classical, or so called diagnostic koilocyte type (39.7%) and the atypical type (60.3%). @entity4 often occurred together with @entity3 ( @entity3 , 42.5%). 2. PCR HPV DNA subtype analysis. Of the 58 cervical @entity6 , 5 were PHV6/11 positive (8.6%) and 28 were @entity2 /18 positive (48.3%). 86.1% of those with atypical koilocyte and 9.1% of those with diagnostic koilocyte had @entity2 /18 @entity1 . 66.7% of the lesions in which @entity5 coexisted with @entity3 (2-3) had @entity2 /18 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity4 lesions were of the flat type. The appearance of atypical koilocyte is correlated to @entity2 /18 @entity1 , which in turn is correlated to the degree of @entity0 .

title: [A pathological study on the correlation of XXXX with precancerous cervical lesions].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Establishment of a @entity0 pancreatic mixed @entity3 cell line. METHODS: A specimen of this type of @entity1 was obtained from a male @entity0 at the head of pancreas. The @entity1 tissue was minced into pieces and inoculated subcutaneously in @entity2 . With two successive subcutaneous implants, a piece of @entity1 tissue taken from the 2(nd) implanted @entity1 of a nude @entity2 was minced into minute tissue masses and inoculated in a media containing 10% fetal bovine serum. RESULTS: Currently, it has been passed to the 55(th) passage. Cells of this cell line (PC-EN) kept simultaneously the morphologic patterns of a @entity4 which were verified by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry assays. Some of the PC-EN cells showed presence of neuroendocrine granules by electron microscopy. The growth rate of this cell line was relatively low. Kakryotype analysis showed two cell populations with its major mode of chromosomes numbers as 48 in one, and 56 in the other. Study on @entity5 gene demonstrated that PC-EN harbored a mutated codon 12. Several gastrointestinal hormones and CEA were detected in PC-EN cells and in the supra-cultured medium using radioimmunoassay. CONCLUSIONS: The cellular and molecular biologic characteristics of PC-EN cells illustrated that this cell line preserved the morphology of a @entity4 and possessed a special growth property, chromosome karyotype, and mutation of @entity5 gene, but also showed a biologic exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas. The establishment of PC-EN cell line will provide a useful model in vitro for further investigating the cellular and molecular biology of exocrine and endocrine @entity1 of the pancreas.

title: [The establishment of a @entity0 pancreatic mixed XXXX cell line].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Establishment of a @entity0 pancreatic mixed @entity3 cell line. METHODS: A specimen of this type of @entity1 was obtained from a male @entity0 at the head of pancreas. The @entity1 tissue was minced into pieces and inoculated subcutaneously in @entity2 . With two successive subcutaneous implants, a piece of @entity1 tissue taken from the 2(nd) implanted @entity1 of a nude @entity2 was minced into minute tissue masses and inoculated in a media containing 10% fetal bovine serum. RESULTS: Currently, it has been passed to the 55(th) passage. Cells of this cell line (PC-EN) kept simultaneously the morphologic patterns of a @entity4 which were verified by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry assays. Some of the PC-EN cells showed presence of neuroendocrine granules by electron microscopy. The growth rate of this cell line was relatively low. Kakryotype analysis showed two cell populations with its major mode of chromosomes numbers as 48 in one, and 56 in the other. Study on @entity5 gene demonstrated that PC-EN harbored a mutated codon 12. Several gastrointestinal hormones and CEA were detected in PC-EN cells and in the supra-cultured medium using radioimmunoassay. CONCLUSIONS: The cellular and molecular biologic characteristics of PC-EN cells illustrated that this cell line preserved the morphology of a @entity4 and possessed a special growth property, chromosome karyotype, and mutation of @entity5 gene, but also showed a biologic exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas. The establishment of PC-EN cell line will provide a useful model in vitro for further investigating the cellular and molecular biology of exocrine and endocrine @entity1 of the pancreas.

title: [The establishment of a XXXX pancreatic mixed @entity3 cell line].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various nerve blocks using local anaesthetic agents have been used in order to reduce @entity1 after @entity2 . OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of nerve blocks (inserted either pre-operatively, operatively or post-operatively) as part of the treatment for a @entity2 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group specialised register (October 2001), MEDLINE -OVID WEB (1996 to October 2001) and reference lists of relevant articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised trials involving the use of nerve blocks as part of the care of a @entity2 @entity0 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality, by use of a nine item scale, and extracted data. Wherever appropriate, results of outcome measures were pooled. MAIN RESULTS: Eight randomised or quasi-randomised trials involving 328 @entity0 were included. Three trials related to insertion of a nerve block pre-operatively and the remaining five to peri-operative insertion. @entity4 resulted in a reduction of the quantity of parenteral or oral analgesia administered to control @entity1 from the @entity3 /operation or during surgery and/or a reduction in reported @entity1 levels. It was not possible to demonstrate if this reduction in analgesia use was associated with any other clinical benefit. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Because of the small number of @entity0 included in this review and the differing type of nerve blocks and timing of insertion, it is not possible to determine if nerve blocks confer any significant benefit when compared with other analgesic methods as part of the treatment of a @entity2 . Further trials with larger numbers of @entity0 and full reporting of clinical outcomes would be justified.

title: XXXX (subcostal, lateral cutaneous, femoral, triple, psoas) for @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various nerve blocks using local anaesthetic agents have been used in order to reduce @entity1 after @entity2 . OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of nerve blocks (inserted either pre-operatively, operatively or post-operatively) as part of the treatment for a @entity2 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group specialised register (October 2001), MEDLINE -OVID WEB (1996 to October 2001) and reference lists of relevant articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised trials involving the use of nerve blocks as part of the care of a @entity2 @entity0 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality, by use of a nine item scale, and extracted data. Wherever appropriate, results of outcome measures were pooled. MAIN RESULTS: Eight randomised or quasi-randomised trials involving 328 @entity0 were included. Three trials related to insertion of a nerve block pre-operatively and the remaining five to peri-operative insertion. @entity4 resulted in a reduction of the quantity of parenteral or oral analgesia administered to control @entity1 from the @entity3 /operation or during surgery and/or a reduction in reported @entity1 levels. It was not possible to demonstrate if this reduction in analgesia use was associated with any other clinical benefit. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Because of the small number of @entity0 included in this review and the differing type of nerve blocks and timing of insertion, it is not possible to determine if nerve blocks confer any significant benefit when compared with other analgesic methods as part of the treatment of a @entity2 . Further trials with larger numbers of @entity0 and full reporting of clinical outcomes would be justified.

title: @entity4 (subcostal, lateral cutaneous, femoral, triple, psoas) for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lung disease in preterm @entity0 is often complicated with @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to assess the risks and benefits of administration of a diuretic acting on the loop of Henle (loop diuretic) in preterm @entity0 with or developing @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Primary objectives were to assess changes in need for @entity2 or ventilatory support and effects on long-term outcome, and secondary objectives were to assess changes in pulmonary mechanics and potential complications of therapy. SEARCH STRATEGY: We used the standard search method of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. We searched MEDLINE (1966-October 2001), EMBASE (1974-November 2001) and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR) (Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2001). In addition, we hand searched several abstract books of national and international American and European Societies. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included in this analysis trials in which preterm @entity0 with or developing @entity4 and at least 5 days of age were all randomly allocated to receive a loop diuretic either enterally or intravenously. Eligible studies needed to assess at least one of the outcome variables defined a priori for this systematic review. Primary outcome variables included important clinical outcomes, and secondary outcome variables included @entity3 and pulmonary mechanics (e.g., lung compliance and airway resistance). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used the standard method for the Cochrane Collaboration which is described in the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. Two investigators extracted, assessed and coded separately all data for each study, using a form that was designed specifically for this review. Any disagreement was resolved by discussion. We combined parallel and cross-over trials and, whenever possible, transformed baseline and final outcome data measured on a continuous scale into change scores using Follmann's formula. MAIN RESULTS: The only loop diuretic used in the studies which met the selection criteria was @entity5 . Most studies focused on pathophysiological parameters and did not assess effects on important clinical outcomes defined in this review, or the potential complications of diuretic therapy. In preterm @entity0 < 3 weeks of age developing @entity4 , @entity5 administration has either inconsistent effects or no detectable effect. In @entity0 > 3 weeks of age with @entity4 , a single intravenous dose of 1 mg/kg of @entity5 improves lung compliance and airway resistance for 1 hour. Chronic administration of @entity5 improves both oxygenation and lung compliance. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: In preterm @entity0 > 3 weeks of age with @entity4 , acute and chronic administration of @entity5 improve lung compliance. Chronic administration of intravenous or enteral @entity5 improves oxygenation. In view of the lack of data from randomized trials concerning effects on important clinical outcomes, routine or sustained use of systemic loop diuretics in @entity0 with (or developing) @entity4 cannot be recommended based on current evidence. Randomized trials are needed to assess the effects of @entity5 administration on survival, duration of ventilatory support and @entity2 administration, length of hospital stay, potential complications and long-term outcome.

title: Intravenous or enteral loop diuretics for preterm @entity0 with (or developing) XXXX .

answer: @entity4