abstract: A retrospective study of 232 @entity2 with minimum follow-up 5 years is presented. The @entity3 was superficial in 66%, muscle-invasive in 31% and could not be staged in 3%. Primary treatment was mainly transurethral resection for superficial @entity1 , but was cystectomy or radiotherapy in 22 of 29 T1 G3. Of the superficial @entity1 , 71% recurred. Progression to higher T stage occurred in 15% of Ta and 29% of T1 @entity1 , and half of these @entity0 died of @entity2 . The corrected 5-year survival rates in grades 1, 2A, 2B and 3-4 were 96, 84, 64 and 43%, and in stages Ta, T1, T2 and T3 they were 94, 69, 40 and 31%. All @entity0 with T4 @entity1 died within 4 years. Among the 45 @entity0 with 40 Gy irradiation + cystectomy, the corrected 5-year survival rate was 83% in superficial and 64% in @entity1 , and among the 38 with radical radiotherapy the rates in @entity4 were 46, 36 and 13%. Transurethral resection was successful in most Ta cases. Most T1 @entity1 were, like T2-4, of higher grade than Ta. Prognosis was worse in T1 than in Ta. After progression to @entity5 , even during close follow-up the outlook was poor, as poor as for @entity0 with primary @entity5 .

title: Recurrence, progression and survival in @entity2 . A retrospective analysis of 232 XXXX with greater than or equal to 5-year follow-up.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 are a sufficiently common cause of @entity5 that @entity11 should be considered in any effusion of unclear cause. They can involve the pleura with or without involvement of the adjacent lung. @entity10 affects the pleural by crossing the diaphragm from a @entity8 . This is particularly important to diagnose because of the ease of treatment and the severe course of the untreated disease; the gross appearance of the pus may be diagnostic. Cystic hydatid disease can be primarily pleural, but more often reaches the pleura by rupture of a @entity1 . @entity4 often calls for aggressive surgical treatment; it may be complicated immediately by anaphylaxis, earlier by @entity6 , and later by secondary disseminated @entity12 . @entity13 is often mistaken for @entity3 . @entity0 are not likely to have diagnostic eggs in the sputum or stool, but the pleural fluid is characteristic. Other @entity2 that have rarely been associated with @entity5 include @entity14 , @entity9 , @entity9 , @entity17 , @entity15 , hypodermiasis, @entity16 , and @entity7 . Some parasites, including pentastomids and Mansonella sp, can be found in the pleura incidentally by radiograph or autopsy, but seldom if ever cause @entity5 .

title: XXXX of the pleural space.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Null point titration techniques have been developed for measurements of cytosolic free @entity4 in isolated cells and matrix free @entity4 in @entity6 using antipyrylazo III as a spectrophotometric @entity4 indicator. A cytosolic free @entity4 of 0.37 +/- 0.02 mM was obtained with hepatocytes. This represented about 6% of the total cytosolic @entity5 content (activity coefficient of 5.8 X 10(-2). Nondiffusable @entity4 -binding sites in the cytosol were equal to 11.1 nmol/mg cell dry weight with an apparent dissociation constant of 0.71 mM and accounted for binding of 32% of the cytosolic @entity5 . The null point method gave a value of 0.35 +/- 0.01 mM for the mitochondrial matrix free @entity4 concentration (activity coefficient of 8.8 X 10(-3). Nondiffusable @entity4 binding sites in the mitochondria were estimated at 25.7 nmol/mg mitochondrial protein with an apparent dissociation constant of 0.22 mM, compared with an apparent dissociation constant of 1.66 microM for bound @entity3 . These data demonstrate the absence of a significant gradient of free @entity4 between the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments. They also demonstrate a high ligand binding capacity for @entity5 in both compartments with relatively low affinity resulting in a constant value for free @entity4 when total cell @entity5 is constant. This maintains a ratio between free @entity4 and free @entity2 of about 2000 in the cytosol and 100 in the mitochondria. The high concentration and low affinity of @entity4 binding sites results in rather large changes of free @entity4 with small variations in total cell @entity5 . This is apparent in hepatocytes isolated from @entity7 @entity0 @entity1 which had a decreased total @entity5 content and a cytosolic free @entity4 of 0.16 +/- 0.02 mM.

title: Regulation of free and bound XXXX in @entity1 hepatocytes and @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Null point titration techniques have been developed for measurements of cytosolic free @entity4 in isolated cells and matrix free @entity4 in @entity6 using antipyrylazo III as a spectrophotometric @entity4 indicator. A cytosolic free @entity4 of 0.37 +/- 0.02 mM was obtained with hepatocytes. This represented about 6% of the total cytosolic @entity5 content (activity coefficient of 5.8 X 10(-2). Nondiffusable @entity4 -binding sites in the cytosol were equal to 11.1 nmol/mg cell dry weight with an apparent dissociation constant of 0.71 mM and accounted for binding of 32% of the cytosolic @entity5 . The null point method gave a value of 0.35 +/- 0.01 mM for the mitochondrial matrix free @entity4 concentration (activity coefficient of 8.8 X 10(-3). Nondiffusable @entity4 binding sites in the mitochondria were estimated at 25.7 nmol/mg mitochondrial protein with an apparent dissociation constant of 0.22 mM, compared with an apparent dissociation constant of 1.66 microM for bound @entity3 . These data demonstrate the absence of a significant gradient of free @entity4 between the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments. They also demonstrate a high ligand binding capacity for @entity5 in both compartments with relatively low affinity resulting in a constant value for free @entity4 when total cell @entity5 is constant. This maintains a ratio between free @entity4 and free @entity2 of about 2000 in the cytosol and 100 in the mitochondria. The high concentration and low affinity of @entity4 binding sites results in rather large changes of free @entity4 with small variations in total cell @entity5 . This is apparent in hepatocytes isolated from @entity7 @entity0 @entity1 which had a decreased total @entity5 content and a cytosolic free @entity4 of 0.16 +/- 0.02 mM.

title: Regulation of free and bound @entity5 in @entity1 hepatocytes and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Null point titration techniques have been developed for measurements of cytosolic free @entity4 in isolated cells and matrix free @entity4 in @entity6 using antipyrylazo III as a spectrophotometric @entity4 indicator. A cytosolic free @entity4 of 0.37 +/- 0.02 mM was obtained with hepatocytes. This represented about 6% of the total cytosolic @entity5 content (activity coefficient of 5.8 X 10(-2). Nondiffusable @entity4 -binding sites in the cytosol were equal to 11.1 nmol/mg cell dry weight with an apparent dissociation constant of 0.71 mM and accounted for binding of 32% of the cytosolic @entity5 . The null point method gave a value of 0.35 +/- 0.01 mM for the mitochondrial matrix free @entity4 concentration (activity coefficient of 8.8 X 10(-3). Nondiffusable @entity4 binding sites in the mitochondria were estimated at 25.7 nmol/mg mitochondrial protein with an apparent dissociation constant of 0.22 mM, compared with an apparent dissociation constant of 1.66 microM for bound @entity3 . These data demonstrate the absence of a significant gradient of free @entity4 between the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments. They also demonstrate a high ligand binding capacity for @entity5 in both compartments with relatively low affinity resulting in a constant value for free @entity4 when total cell @entity5 is constant. This maintains a ratio between free @entity4 and free @entity2 of about 2000 in the cytosol and 100 in the mitochondria. The high concentration and low affinity of @entity4 binding sites results in rather large changes of free @entity4 with small variations in total cell @entity5 . This is apparent in hepatocytes isolated from @entity7 @entity0 @entity1 which had a decreased total @entity5 content and a cytosolic free @entity4 of 0.16 +/- 0.02 mM.

title: Regulation of free and bound @entity5 in XXXX hepatocytes and @entity6 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: During laparoscopy peritoneal fluid samples were collected for FSH, LH, PRL, 17 @entity4 , @entity3 , and total protein determinations in 100 @entity0 with a normal menstrual cycle. The samples were collected between cycle day -6 and cycle day +9, with the serum LH peak as a point of reference (day 0). The period investigated was divided into seven phases. FSH and LH concentrations in the peritoneal fluid varied in a cycle-dependent pattern that reflected the pattern in serum. In every phase of the cycle, however, peritoneal fluid FSH and LH concentrations were higher than or equal to the serum levels. This finding contrasts with the physiological behavior of other proteins in the peritoneal fluid. Peritoneal fluid 17 @entity4 and @entity3 levels also varied in a cyclic pattern, with an increase in concentration immediately after ovulation and a decrease after the midluteal phase. With the exception of 17 @entity4 levels during the preovulatory phase of the cycle, peritoneal fluid levels of @entity1 and @entity3 were always equal to or higher than serum levels. The increase in 17 @entity4 concentration in the postovulatory phase was more gradual than that in the @entity3 concentration. The elevated peritoneal fluid levels of gonadotropins in the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle were the most striking finding of the present study. This together with the finding of high peritoneal fluid to serum ratios of @entity2 hormones after ovulation shed new light upon the surroundings in which follicular development, ovulation, and fertilization take place.

title: Patterns of changes in glycoproteins, polypeptides, and steroids in the peritoneal fluid of XXXX during the periovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: C57BL/KsJ (BKs) and CBA/J, but not C57BL/6J (B6) @entity1 are susceptible to the diabetogenic action of the @entity2 gene, " @entity0 " (db). BKs and CBA/J, but not B6 @entity1 , constitutively express intracisternal type A particles (IAP), an endogenous class of retrovirus, in beta cells and in cortical thymocytes. IAP genetic expression in these cell types included production of the group-specific antigen, @entity4 , as well as higher-molecular mass @entity4 -related antigens (p114-120). We used islet culture techniques to show that both transcription and translation of IAP genomes in beta cells in enhanced by @entity3 . Maintenance of CBA/J islets for 48 h in 16.5 mM @entity3 -containing medium effected a fivefold induction of IAP protein synthesis in comparison to islets cultured in low- (5.5 mM) @entity3 medium. Analysis of RNA from 16.5 mM @entity3 -cultured islets revealed induction of 7.2 and 5.4 kbp transcripts known to code for @entity4 and the p114-120 polypeptides, respectively. This induction in CBA/J islets was 10-15-fold on a tissue basis, and 5-7-fold on an RNA basis. @entity3 induction of preproinsulin mRNA levels was also analyzed in the same samples. Islets cultured in 16.5 mM @entity3 showed an eightfold higher level on a tissue basis, and a fourfold increase in terms of total recovered RNA. Comparison of these @entity3 -inducible parameters in islets isolated from the @entity0 -susceptible BKs strain vs. the resistant B6 strain revealed that expression of the group-specific retroviral @entity4 antigen was limited to BKs beta cells. This inbred strain control of @entity4 expression was also found in cortical thymocytes, with B6 thymocytes producing a 117 kD component to the exclusion of @entity4 , while both components were expressed in thymocytes from normal BKs @entity1 . In comparison to normal BKs males, thymocytes from four week-old genetically @entity0 (db/db) BKs males showed no change in labeling of p117, but showed a sharply diminished incorporation into @entity4 . This suggested that accelerated thymic involution characteristic of db/db @entity1 may entail selective elimination of @entity4 -producing cells. The possibility that @entity3 -stressed BKs pancreatic beta cells are marked for autoimmune elimination by the elaboration of @entity4 or other IAP-related proteins is discussed.

title: XXXX induces intracisternal type A retroviral gene transcription and translation in pancreatic beta cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effectiveness of prophylactic mastectomy in preventing @entity0 was studied in female albino @entity2 . Group A served as untreated controls. Groups B, C, and D underwent 50%, 75%, and total mastectomies 2 weeks after the administration of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Group E was initially subjected to total mastectomy. Two weeks after surgery, group E received 5 mg of @entity3 intravenously. Group F underwent sham procedures. All animals were sacrificed at age 8 months. The mean number of @entity1 per animal developing in groups A through E was 5.00, 5.17, 4.67, 5.46, and 5.20, respectively. There was 0.21 @entity1 per animal in group F. The mean time to @entity1 development in groups A through E was 11.33, 10.05, 9.88, 19.25, and 19.38 weeks, respectively. All results were subjected to an analysis of variance. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of @entity3 -induced @entity1 in groups A through E. Groups D and E had a significant prolonged time to @entity1 development. The overall risk of the development of @entity0 was not significantly reduced by prophylactic mastectomy. Residual breast tissue after prophylactic mastectomy is at increased risk for the development of @entity0 . The risk of developing @entity0 in this model is not reduced in proportion to the amount of breast tissue removed. (This study suggests that subcutaneous mastectomy in high-risk individuals may not have appropriate prophylaxis against the development of carcinoma of the breast.)

title: Analysis of the risk reduction of prophylactic partial mastectomy in @entity2 with XXXX -induced @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effectiveness of prophylactic mastectomy in preventing @entity0 was studied in female albino @entity2 . Group A served as untreated controls. Groups B, C, and D underwent 50%, 75%, and total mastectomies 2 weeks after the administration of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Group E was initially subjected to total mastectomy. Two weeks after surgery, group E received 5 mg of @entity3 intravenously. Group F underwent sham procedures. All animals were sacrificed at age 8 months. The mean number of @entity1 per animal developing in groups A through E was 5.00, 5.17, 4.67, 5.46, and 5.20, respectively. There was 0.21 @entity1 per animal in group F. The mean time to @entity1 development in groups A through E was 11.33, 10.05, 9.88, 19.25, and 19.38 weeks, respectively. All results were subjected to an analysis of variance. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of @entity3 -induced @entity1 in groups A through E. Groups D and E had a significant prolonged time to @entity1 development. The overall risk of the development of @entity0 was not significantly reduced by prophylactic mastectomy. Residual breast tissue after prophylactic mastectomy is at increased risk for the development of @entity0 . The risk of developing @entity0 in this model is not reduced in proportion to the amount of breast tissue removed. (This study suggests that subcutaneous mastectomy in high-risk individuals may not have appropriate prophylaxis against the development of carcinoma of the breast.)

title: Analysis of the risk reduction of prophylactic partial mastectomy in @entity2 with @entity3 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effectiveness of prophylactic mastectomy in preventing @entity0 was studied in female albino @entity2 . Group A served as untreated controls. Groups B, C, and D underwent 50%, 75%, and total mastectomies 2 weeks after the administration of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Group E was initially subjected to total mastectomy. Two weeks after surgery, group E received 5 mg of @entity3 intravenously. Group F underwent sham procedures. All animals were sacrificed at age 8 months. The mean number of @entity1 per animal developing in groups A through E was 5.00, 5.17, 4.67, 5.46, and 5.20, respectively. There was 0.21 @entity1 per animal in group F. The mean time to @entity1 development in groups A through E was 11.33, 10.05, 9.88, 19.25, and 19.38 weeks, respectively. All results were subjected to an analysis of variance. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of @entity3 -induced @entity1 in groups A through E. Groups D and E had a significant prolonged time to @entity1 development. The overall risk of the development of @entity0 was not significantly reduced by prophylactic mastectomy. Residual breast tissue after prophylactic mastectomy is at increased risk for the development of @entity0 . The risk of developing @entity0 in this model is not reduced in proportion to the amount of breast tissue removed. (This study suggests that subcutaneous mastectomy in high-risk individuals may not have appropriate prophylaxis against the development of carcinoma of the breast.)

title: Analysis of the risk reduction of prophylactic partial mastectomy in XXXX with @entity3 -induced @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Otologic-audiologic examination was carried out in 171 @entity0 (aged between 37-86; average age 64) with confirmed internal angiologic peripheral @entity3 . Additional findings were observed in 94 of these @entity0 who revealed an obliteration of the internal carotid artery or cerebral @entity1 . Diseases of the ear were excluded clinically and audiologically. The mean @entity2 shows a sensory-neural high-tone loss in the tone audiogram. The range of scatter increases proportionately to the increase in tone loss. If compared with the physiologic examination of geriatric @entity0 , the @entity4 and minimal discrimination loss in the speech audiogram point towards a pathologic impairment of hearing in old age. The @entity4 amounts to 251.20% in the 51-60 age group, 250.40% in the @entity0 61-70 years of age, 180.96% for the 71-80 age group and 131.67% for those over 80 years of age. The minimal discrimination loss comprises 4.00% for the 51-60 age group, 4.19% for the 61-70 group, 21.35% for 71-80 age bracket and 35.62% for those over 80. On the strength of these findings, an @entity3 should be considered as one of the multifactorial genesis of @entity2 in old age. Special attention should be focussed on decompensation of the @entity4 and minimal discrimination loss before the age of eighty. This would contribute towards a differentiation of physiologic and pathologic @entity2 in old age.

title: [Hearing disorders in peripheral arterial vascular diseases. A contribution on XXXX in the aged].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 is rare. Since the first description by Schmid, about 150 cases have been reported mainly in the otological field. The authors recently had a case of @entity7 with a marked capsular calcification, extending into the middle cranial fossa. A 63-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital on June 20, 1986. About 44 years prior to the admission, he noted @entity4 of the right side which gradually progressed. Neurological examination on admission revealed complete right facial @entity6 of the peripheral type with loss of taste, right @entity3 , diminution of lacrimal secretion and no reaction to caloric stimulation. Stenvers' view and tomogram of the right temporal bone showed destruction of petrous ridge. CT scan demonstrated bony destruction of the right petrous pyramid and high dense @entity2 , extending into the middle cranial fossa. Peritumoral and intratumoral calcifications, characteristics of @entity7 were also noted. Right external carotid angiography demonstrated the @entity1 was fed by petrous branch of the right middle meningeal artery. On July 11, 1986 right temporal craniotomy and extradural approach to the floor of the petrous portion of the middle cranial fossa were performed. There was an extradural mass which extended to the middle cranial fossa through the destroyed pyramis. The @entity1 appeared to originate from the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve and invaded the inner and middle ear which were almost completely removed. Operative specimen demonstrated that the @entity1 was a @entity5 . Postoperative hearing test and facial nerve function showed no changes as compared with preoperative findings. Similar case reports with CT findings were reviewed.

title: [A case of XXXX extending into the middle cranial fossa with characteristic CT findings].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Cultured @entity0 articular and costal chondrocytes were used as a model system to examine the effects of recombinant gamma-interferon ( @entity1 ) on synthesis of procollagens, the steady state levels of types I and II procollagen mRNAs, and the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (Ia-like) antigens on the cell surface. Adult articular chondrocytes synthesized mainly type II collagen during weeks 1-3 of primary culture, whereas types I and III collagens were also produced after longer incubation and predominated after the first subculture. Juvenile costal chondrocytes synthesized no detectable @entity3 chains until after week 1 of primary culture; type II collagen was the predominant species even after weeks of culture. The relative amounts of types I and II collagens synthesized were reflected in the levels of alpha 1(I), alpha 2(I), and alpha 1(II) procollagen mRNAs. In articular chondrocytes, the levels of alpha 1(I) procollagen mRNA were disproportionately low (alpha 1(I)/alpha 2(I) less than 1.0) compared with costal chondrocytes (alpha 1 (I)/alpha 2(I) approximately 2). Recombinant @entity1 (0.1-100 units/ml) inhibited synthesis of type II as well as types I and III collagens associated with suppression of the levels of alpha 1(I), alpha 2(I), and alpha 1(II) procollagen mRNAs. @entity1 suppressed the levels of alpha 1(I) and alpha 1(II) procollagen mRNAs to a greater extent than @entity3 mRNA in articular but not in costal chondrocytes. @entity0 leukocyte interferon ( @entity2 ) at 1000 units/ml suppressed collagen synthesis and procollagen mRNA levels to a similar extent as @entity1 at 1.0 unit/ml. In addition, @entity1 but not @entity2 induced the expression of HLA-DR antigens on intact cells. The lymphokine @entity1 could, therefore, have a role in suppressing cartilage matrix synthesis in vivo under conditions in which the chondrocytes are in proximity to T lymphocytes and their products.

title: Immune interferon suppresses levels of procollagen mRNA and type II collagen synthesis in cultured XXXX articular and costal chondrocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We tried to demonstrate that the cell kinetics-directed chemoendocrine therapy is more effective on hormone dependent @entity0 than empirical combination of the endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. Cell kinetics of each @entity2 was measured by flow cytometric analysis. @entity4 dependent @entity1 @entity0 cell line MCF-7 was used in vitro. In vivo, @entity7 dependent SC-115 @entity5 was transplanted to @entity9 @entity3 . In vitro, @entity8 was administered as the endocrine therapy. In vivo, we carried out testectomy on @entity9 @entity3 . Effect of the endocrine therapy on the cell kinetics of the @entity2 was thought to be G1-S @entity6 . High density 5FU was administered as the chemotherapeutic agents, whose content was 1 microgram/ml in vitro and 40 mg/kg in vivo. 5FU brought temporary decrease of cells in S phase. Only anteceding 5FU administration had synergistic effect in combination of 5FU and the endocrine therapy. 5FU was convinced to act more effectively on cells in S phase, so it was shown that cell kinetics-directed schedule was superior to the empirical treatment schedule in chemoendocrine therapy.

title: [Synergistic effect of cell kinetics-directed chemo-endocrine therapy on experimental mammary XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Cholinoceptive properties of 180 medullary respiration-related neurones (RRN) were studied in @entity3 -anaesthetized @entity0 . @entity1 ( @entity2 ) and agonists, as well as antagonists of muscarinic receptors and nicotinic receptors, were administered iontophoretically. Respiration-related neurons were classified with respect to the correlation of their activity with the activity of the phrenic nerve: phase-bound inspiratory (I) and expiratory (E) neurones and phase-spanning expiratory-inspiratory and inspiratory-expiratory neurones were discriminated. @entity1 altered the activity of 170 respiration-related neurones. In 49 cells the discharge-rate (f) alone was affected. In 44 respiration-related neurones the burst-duration (tbd) only was altered. In 77 respiration-related neurones the discharge rate and burst duration were affected simultaneously. Inhibitory actions of @entity2 prevailed over excitatory actions on inspiratory neurones. In expiratory neurones the discharge rate was increased or decreased in about the same number of cases. In most phase-spanning neurones the discharge rate was increased. Cholinergic inhibition of burst duration was observed in most respiration-related neurones. In all phase-types of respiration-related neurones muscarinic as well as nicotinic actions of @entity2 were demonstrated. In inspiratory and expiratory-inspiratory neurones muscarinic effects on the discharge rate prevailed over nicotinic effects. More nicotinic than muscarinic effects on discharge rate were observed in expiratory and inspiratory-expiratory neurones. Cholinergic effects on burst duration in about the same number of respiration-related neurones were mediated by muscarinic or by nicotinic receptors, respectively. Various types of cholinoceptors may be involved in these effects. The results suggest that cholinergic mechanisms play an important role in the control of the central regulation of respiratory movements. The functional significance of cholinergic effects on respiration-related neurones is discussed with special emphasis of effects on burst duration.

title: Cholinergic effects on spike-density and burst-duration of medullary respiration-related neurones in the XXXX : an iontophoretic study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The evolution of @entity3 was documented by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in 13 mongrel @entity0 with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery through a transorbital approach. The animals were imaged under anesthesia at intervals from 30 min to 10 days after production of the lesion. An MR imager operating at 0.35 T was used with multislice, multi-spin-echo technique (TR = 500-2000 msec; TE = 28, 56 msec). The animals were sacrificed after imaging for pathologic correlation. @entity2 beyond 4 hr of age were visualized in all subjects. The earliest @entity2 was seen at 30 min (two @entity0 ) as an area of high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. In three other @entity0 , however, 3-hr-old @entity2 were not detectable. In one animal, a @entity1 within a 1-week-old area of @entity2 was not characterized by MR imaging but was identified on CT scanning. The mass effect of the @entity2 appeared greatest at 2-4 days after @entity2 . The basal ganglia showed ischemic effects to best advantage. MR imaging offers previously unavailable sensitivity for the early noninvasive detection of @entity3 in vivo.

title: MR imaging of acute experimental ischemia in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Factors affecting solubilities of @entity2 and @entity5 in neonatal total parenteral nutrient (TPN) solutions containing a new @entity4 formulation were examined. Twelve TPN solutions containing various concentrations of @entity11 , an @entity4 formulation specific for @entity0 and young @entity0 , were prepared in 10% @entity1 injection. Some of the solutions also contained @entity3 40 mg/g of protein and either @entity6 or @entity7 (lipid emulsion buffer) to buffer the solution pH to simulate that produced by simultaneously administering lipid emulsion through the i.v. line. @entity9 and monobasic and dibasic @entity10 were added to 20-mL samples of the TPN solutions to achieve @entity2 concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 meq/L with @entity5 concentrations of either 10, 20, 30, or 40 mmol/L; a total of 20 samples of each @entity8 solution was prepared. Samples were inspected visually for precipitation or crystallization after 18 hours at 25 degrees C and again after 30 minutes in a water bath at 37 degrees C. Clear samples at this time were also examined microscopically for evidence of microcrystallization. Solubility curves were prepared by plotting graphically the concentrations at which either visual or microscopic precipitation occurred. Temperature, @entity4 concentration, and the addition of @entity3 and lipid emulsion buffer each influenced the solubilities of @entity2 and @entity5 in the TPN solutions. The use of @entity11 as the @entity4 source allowed slightly greater concentrations of @entity5 to be solubilized as compared with older @entity4 formulations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity2 and XXXX solubility in neonatal parenteral nutrient solutions containing @entity11 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Factors affecting solubilities of @entity2 and @entity5 in neonatal total parenteral nutrient (TPN) solutions containing a new @entity4 formulation were examined. Twelve TPN solutions containing various concentrations of @entity11 , an @entity4 formulation specific for @entity0 and young @entity0 , were prepared in 10% @entity1 injection. Some of the solutions also contained @entity3 40 mg/g of protein and either @entity6 or @entity7 (lipid emulsion buffer) to buffer the solution pH to simulate that produced by simultaneously administering lipid emulsion through the i.v. line. @entity9 and monobasic and dibasic @entity10 were added to 20-mL samples of the TPN solutions to achieve @entity2 concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 meq/L with @entity5 concentrations of either 10, 20, 30, or 40 mmol/L; a total of 20 samples of each @entity8 solution was prepared. Samples were inspected visually for precipitation or crystallization after 18 hours at 25 degrees C and again after 30 minutes in a water bath at 37 degrees C. Clear samples at this time were also examined microscopically for evidence of microcrystallization. Solubility curves were prepared by plotting graphically the concentrations at which either visual or microscopic precipitation occurred. Temperature, @entity4 concentration, and the addition of @entity3 and lipid emulsion buffer each influenced the solubilities of @entity2 and @entity5 in the TPN solutions. The use of @entity11 as the @entity4 source allowed slightly greater concentrations of @entity5 to be solubilized as compared with older @entity4 formulations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX and @entity5 solubility in neonatal parenteral nutrient solutions containing @entity11 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Factors affecting solubilities of @entity2 and @entity5 in neonatal total parenteral nutrient (TPN) solutions containing a new @entity4 formulation were examined. Twelve TPN solutions containing various concentrations of @entity11 , an @entity4 formulation specific for @entity0 and young @entity0 , were prepared in 10% @entity1 injection. Some of the solutions also contained @entity3 40 mg/g of protein and either @entity6 or @entity7 (lipid emulsion buffer) to buffer the solution pH to simulate that produced by simultaneously administering lipid emulsion through the i.v. line. @entity9 and monobasic and dibasic @entity10 were added to 20-mL samples of the TPN solutions to achieve @entity2 concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 meq/L with @entity5 concentrations of either 10, 20, 30, or 40 mmol/L; a total of 20 samples of each @entity8 solution was prepared. Samples were inspected visually for precipitation or crystallization after 18 hours at 25 degrees C and again after 30 minutes in a water bath at 37 degrees C. Clear samples at this time were also examined microscopically for evidence of microcrystallization. Solubility curves were prepared by plotting graphically the concentrations at which either visual or microscopic precipitation occurred. Temperature, @entity4 concentration, and the addition of @entity3 and lipid emulsion buffer each influenced the solubilities of @entity2 and @entity5 in the TPN solutions. The use of @entity11 as the @entity4 source allowed slightly greater concentrations of @entity5 to be solubilized as compared with older @entity4 formulations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity2 and @entity5 solubility in neonatal parenteral nutrient solutions containing XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: Antenatal exposure to @entity2 is known to increase the pulmonary compliance of preterm animals. We wished to determine whether this was due solely to alteration in lung surfactant content. @entity0 does were injected with either vehicle alone or betamethasone on days 25 and 26 of gestation. Fetuses were delivered at 27 days and given either 50% lactated Ringer's or intratracheal natural surfactant prior to their first breath. Fetuses were mechanically ventilated at a tidal volume of 12 ml/kg for 60 min with periodic compliance measurements. Following ventilation an alveolar lavage was collected for @entity3 determination. Some fetuses did not undergo ventilation but had saline compliance studies instead. Fetuses given intratracheal surfactant had a higher dynamic compliance than fetuses exposed to antenatal @entity2 (0.55 +/- 0.01 versus 0.48 +/- 0.02 ml/cm @entity4 /kg, respectively). Fetuses exposed to antenatal @entity2 and given intratracheal surfactant had a dynamic compliance (0.66 +/- 0.02) that was greater than those exposed to either single therapy. This was found despite an alveolar surfactant content equal to that in fetuses receiving intratracheal surfactant alone. Saline compliance at birth was significantly greater for fetuses exposed antenatally to @entity1 . These data imply the existence of a nonsurfactant mechanism by which antenatal @entity2 increase fetal pulmonary compliance.

title: Betamethasone increases pulmonary compliance in part by surfactant-independent mechanisms in preterm XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The total cytoplasmic @entity1 content (bound and free) increased in @entity0 when the bacteria were submitted to electric pulses with field strengths of 1-6 kV/cm and a decay time of 7-20 microseconds. The electron-transport chain was blocked by @entity2 , and @entity1 synthesis was detected by a luminescence assay. The amount of newly formed @entity1 depends on the field strength. A total of 150 pmol of @entity1 was formed per milligram of bacteria submitted to a 3 kV/cm pulse. Synthesis was blocked by uncouplers and ionophores ( @entity3 ). The F1F0- @entity1 synthase inhibitor @entity4 blocked a large part of this synthesis. Synthesis was not induced in unc mutants (unc B, unc D). The synthesis of @entity1 is related to the induced transmembrane potential, not to the Joule heating. A minimum 35-50-mV increase in membrane potential must be maintained for at least 12 microseconds to trigger this synthesis. This very fast energy transduction in bacteria is in good agreement with our previous results concerning submitochondrial particles. Because of the localized character of the induced membrane potential, these results are in agreement with the recent hypothesis of "mosaic proton coupling".

title: Adenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis in XXXX submitted to a microsecond electric pulse.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We measured thyrotropin in plasma by an ultrasensitive immunoradiometric assay (TSH-IRMA, "Sucrosep," Boots-Celltech), before and after @entity8 ( @entity1 ) stimulation, in 71 @entity0 with suspected @entity2 . Thirty-three were taking @entity7 ; none was receiving (anti)thyroid drugs. The @entity0 were divided into four groups, according to their TSH response to @entity1 (as measured previously by conventional TSH-RIA) and the concentrations of @entity6 (T4) and @entity5 (T3) in their plasma. Observed ranges of plasma TSH-IRMA (milli-int. units/L) before and after @entity1 were: euthyroid (n = 20), 0.2-3.0 and 1.7-15.5; subclinically @entity3 (n = 14), 4.3-18.5 and 20-75; @entity4 (n = 17), less than 0.09 and less than 0.09-0.4; and subclinically @entity4 (n = 20), less than 0.09-1.1 and less than 0.09-2.6. Evidently TSH-IRMA results for a single sample completely distinguish @entity4 from euthyroidism. However, TSH-IRMA values may also be undetectable in subclinical @entity4 . The TSH response to @entity1 can be predicted from basal TSH-IRMA results less than 0.09 or greater than or equal to 0.8 milli-int. unit/L, intermediate values can be associated with either a normal TSH response (euthyroidism) or a decreased TSH response (subclinical @entity4 only). We advocate TSH-IRMA as the first diagnostic test of thyroid function for @entity7 -treated @entity0 .

title: Immunoradiometric assay of thyrotropin in plasma: its value in predicting response to thyroliberin stimulation and assessing thyroid function in XXXX -treated @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: We measured thyrotropin in plasma by an ultrasensitive immunoradiometric assay (TSH-IRMA, "Sucrosep," Boots-Celltech), before and after @entity8 ( @entity1 ) stimulation, in 71 @entity0 with suspected @entity2 . Thirty-three were taking @entity7 ; none was receiving (anti)thyroid drugs. The @entity0 were divided into four groups, according to their TSH response to @entity1 (as measured previously by conventional TSH-RIA) and the concentrations of @entity6 (T4) and @entity5 (T3) in their plasma. Observed ranges of plasma TSH-IRMA (milli-int. units/L) before and after @entity1 were: euthyroid (n = 20), 0.2-3.0 and 1.7-15.5; subclinically @entity3 (n = 14), 4.3-18.5 and 20-75; @entity4 (n = 17), less than 0.09 and less than 0.09-0.4; and subclinically @entity4 (n = 20), less than 0.09-1.1 and less than 0.09-2.6. Evidently TSH-IRMA results for a single sample completely distinguish @entity4 from euthyroidism. However, TSH-IRMA values may also be undetectable in subclinical @entity4 . The TSH response to @entity1 can be predicted from basal TSH-IRMA results less than 0.09 or greater than or equal to 0.8 milli-int. unit/L, intermediate values can be associated with either a normal TSH response (euthyroidism) or a decreased TSH response (subclinical @entity4 only). We advocate TSH-IRMA as the first diagnostic test of thyroid function for @entity7 -treated @entity0 .

title: Immunoradiometric assay of thyrotropin in plasma: its value in predicting response to thyroliberin stimulation and assessing thyroid function in @entity7 -treated XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In previous studies, we demonstrated that the diphtheria toxin-urokinase fusion protein DTAT was selectively toxic to @entity7 ( @entity7 ) cell lines overexpressing the @entity9 urokinase receptor. In the present study, we analyzed the sensitivity of @entity0 leukemic progenitors to DTAT and correlated the sensitivity with @entity9 expression. We isolated @entity4 by density gradient centrifugation and performed immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and blast sensitivity measurements by inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation in semisolid media. We found @entity9 overexpression in 18 (25%) of 71 @entity0 leukemic blast samples, including 18 (28%) of 64 @entity1 and 0 (0%) of 7 @entity3 . DTAT was toxic to @entity0 @entity4 by both proliferation inhibition (IC50 <or=1 nM DTAT in 18/69 evaluable samples) and colony formation inhibition (>85% inhibition by 10 nM DTAT in 11/41 evaluable samples). Only @entity7 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) blast crisis blasts (18/61 [30%]) were sensitive to DTAT by the proliferation inhibition assay. @entity3 and @entity6 ( @entity8 ) progenitors were insensitive to DTAT by the proliferation inhibition assay (n = 7 and n = 3, respectively). Similarly, normal marrow progenitors were insensitive to DTAT by both proliferation inhibition (n = 2) and colony inhibition (n = 5) assays. The DTAT @entity2 measured by both proliferation inhibition assay and colony inhibition assay correlated with @entity9 density (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively). DTAT @entity2 results were similar for @entity4 measured by either of the two assays (p = 0.0002). This study provides the first evidence that a urokinase receptor targeted diphtheria fusion protein is toxic to @entity0 @entity7 blasts. The work also suggests that blast proliferation assays yield similar responses to @entity4 colony-forming cell colony assays.

title: Malignant progenitors from @entity0 with XXXX + @entity7 are sensitive to a diphtheria toxin-urokinase fusion protein.

answer: @entity9


abstract: In previous studies, we demonstrated that the diphtheria toxin-urokinase fusion protein DTAT was selectively toxic to @entity7 ( @entity7 ) cell lines overexpressing the @entity9 urokinase receptor. In the present study, we analyzed the sensitivity of @entity0 leukemic progenitors to DTAT and correlated the sensitivity with @entity9 expression. We isolated @entity4 by density gradient centrifugation and performed immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and blast sensitivity measurements by inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation in semisolid media. We found @entity9 overexpression in 18 (25%) of 71 @entity0 leukemic blast samples, including 18 (28%) of 64 @entity1 and 0 (0%) of 7 @entity3 . DTAT was toxic to @entity0 @entity4 by both proliferation inhibition (IC50 <or=1 nM DTAT in 18/69 evaluable samples) and colony formation inhibition (>85% inhibition by 10 nM DTAT in 11/41 evaluable samples). Only @entity7 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) blast crisis blasts (18/61 [30%]) were sensitive to DTAT by the proliferation inhibition assay. @entity3 and @entity6 ( @entity8 ) progenitors were insensitive to DTAT by the proliferation inhibition assay (n = 7 and n = 3, respectively). Similarly, normal marrow progenitors were insensitive to DTAT by both proliferation inhibition (n = 2) and colony inhibition (n = 5) assays. The DTAT @entity2 measured by both proliferation inhibition assay and colony inhibition assay correlated with @entity9 density (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively). DTAT @entity2 results were similar for @entity4 measured by either of the two assays (p = 0.0002). This study provides the first evidence that a urokinase receptor targeted diphtheria fusion protein is toxic to @entity0 @entity7 blasts. The work also suggests that blast proliferation assays yield similar responses to @entity4 colony-forming cell colony assays.

title: Malignant progenitors from @entity0 with @entity9 + XXXX are sensitive to a diphtheria toxin-urokinase fusion protein.

answer: @entity7


abstract: In previous studies, we demonstrated that the diphtheria toxin-urokinase fusion protein DTAT was selectively toxic to @entity7 ( @entity7 ) cell lines overexpressing the @entity9 urokinase receptor. In the present study, we analyzed the sensitivity of @entity0 leukemic progenitors to DTAT and correlated the sensitivity with @entity9 expression. We isolated @entity4 by density gradient centrifugation and performed immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and blast sensitivity measurements by inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation in semisolid media. We found @entity9 overexpression in 18 (25%) of 71 @entity0 leukemic blast samples, including 18 (28%) of 64 @entity1 and 0 (0%) of 7 @entity3 . DTAT was toxic to @entity0 @entity4 by both proliferation inhibition (IC50 <or=1 nM DTAT in 18/69 evaluable samples) and colony formation inhibition (>85% inhibition by 10 nM DTAT in 11/41 evaluable samples). Only @entity7 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) blast crisis blasts (18/61 [30%]) were sensitive to DTAT by the proliferation inhibition assay. @entity3 and @entity6 ( @entity8 ) progenitors were insensitive to DTAT by the proliferation inhibition assay (n = 7 and n = 3, respectively). Similarly, normal marrow progenitors were insensitive to DTAT by both proliferation inhibition (n = 2) and colony inhibition (n = 5) assays. The DTAT @entity2 measured by both proliferation inhibition assay and colony inhibition assay correlated with @entity9 density (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively). DTAT @entity2 results were similar for @entity4 measured by either of the two assays (p = 0.0002). This study provides the first evidence that a urokinase receptor targeted diphtheria fusion protein is toxic to @entity0 @entity7 blasts. The work also suggests that blast proliferation assays yield similar responses to @entity4 colony-forming cell colony assays.

title: Malignant progenitors from XXXX with @entity9 + @entity7 are sensitive to a diphtheria toxin-urokinase fusion protein.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and severity of complications that occur as a result of uterine artery embolization for @entity3 . METHODS: As part of an ongoing study of outcome after uterine embolization, prospective data regarding complications that occurred in 400 consecutive @entity0 were gathered. Each @entity0 had a minimum of a 3-month interval from the procedure at the time of analysis. Each complication was categorized and graded as to severity and outcome using the complication classification developed by the Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology (SCVIR) and a modified set of The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) criteria for complications of hysterectomy and myomectomy. All adverse events that occurred during the follow-up period were included, including those that occurred after the 3-month minimum interval. Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each complication. RESULTS: There were no deaths and no major permanent @entity1 . One @entity0 required hysterectomy as a result of a complication, and one @entity0 had an undiagnosed @entity2 . There were ten in-hospital complications and an additional 27 complications within the first 30 days, with 34 @entity0 experiencing a periprocedural complication for a rate of 8.5% (95% CI 6.0%, 11.7%). There were five serious complications (SCVIR class D), comprising 1.25% (95% CI 0.3%, 2.5%) of the study group. Using ACOG definitions for perioperative complications, the overall morbidity was 5% (95% CI 3.1%, 7.7%). CONCLUSION: The short-term complication rate was low in @entity0 undergoing uterine embolization.

title: Complications after uterine artery embolization for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A greater understanding of radiobiology led to the development of two classes of radiation fractionation schedules for the treatment of @entity2 . The aim of accelerated fractionation is to reduce @entity1 proliferation, which is a major cause of relapse, by shortening the total duration of radiotherapy. By contrast, hyperfractionation exploits the differential sensitivity of @entity1 cells and normal tissues to radiation, to increase the therapeutic gain. The results of clinical trials of various types of altered fractionation schedules in @entity2 are examined in this review. Acceleration of radiation by 1 week without dose reduction and hyperfractionation are consistently better than standard fractionation for locoregional control of intermediate to advanced @entity3 without an increase in late toxic effects. However, improvement in survival of @entity0 has not been consistent. Clinical investigations show that improvement in locoregional disease control and consistent gain in survival have been achieved with combinations of radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy in @entity0 with mostly stage IV @entity3 . However, these benefits have been at the expense of increased late morbidity. Consequently, concurrent radiochemotherapy is now preferred for non-surgical treatment of @entity0 with locally advanced @entity3 , whereas altered fractionation is generally selected for @entity0 with @entity1 or who are medically unfit to receive chemotherapy. Further data is needed before the combination of altered fractionation with chemotherapy can be recommended outside of a study setting.

title: Radiotherapy for XXXX : altered fractionation regimens.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A small M, heat and acid labile, host inducer(s) of gonococcal resistance to complement mediated killing by fresh human serum (-FHS), being purified from red blood cell (RBC) extracts, produced changed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure, surface antigens and proteins; and acquirement of resistance related to loss of a target antigen for bactericidal IgM, possibly LPS components. A 20 kDalt. lipoprotein with a high content of @entity2 isolated from outer membranes of a @entity3 selected in vivo is a determinant of gonococcal resistance to killing by @entity0 phagocytes. Sonic extracts of gonococci may contain a cytotoxin for @entity0 phagocytes. At the 4th International Pathogenic Neisseriae Conference, we reported (Parsons et al. 1985) that conditions in vivo induced phenotypic change leading to gonococcal resistance to complement-mediated killing by human serum; and, also, selected gonococcal types which showed a greater resistance to intracellular killing by @entity0 phagocytes than laboratory strains. Furthermore, evidence was presented that not only was resistance to complement mediated killing important in gonococcal pathogenesis, but also resistance to phagocytic defences. This paper describes the continuance of our studies on the determinants of induced serum resistance and of resistance to killing by phagocytes including @entity1 to these cells. Each section begins by summarising previous work that was referenced in Parsons et al. (1985).

title: Gonococci in vivo and in vitro. Further studies on the host and XXXX resistance to killing by human serum, and by phagocytes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Adhesion of lymphocytes to vascular endothelium is thought to be of importance in regulating the passage of lymphocytes from the circulation to areas of @entity1 . Evidence suggests the presence of site-specific lymphocyte receptor molecules on the endothelial cell surface which can be modulated by soluble immune factors. The factors responsible for maintaining lymphocyte infiltration at tissue sites are unknown. We have examined the adherence of @entity0 peripheral blood T lymphocytes to @entity0 fibroblast monolayers in vitro and the role of @entity2 in enhancing adherence. Treatment of fibroblasts with @entity2 resulted in an increase in the number of adherent T cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Enhanced adhesion was noted as early as 4 hr after interferon stimulation (291 +/- 7 T cells/field vs 51 +/- 10 without IFN stimulation) and binding was further increased by lengthening the exposure time of fibroblasts to interferon up to 72 hr (475 +/- 86 T cells/field). Kinetic and inhibition experiments using monoclonal antibody to HLA-DR demonstrated that adhesion of T lymphocytes to interferon-stimulated fibroblasts proceeds by a mechanism independent of DR induction. In addition, adherence was not histocompatibility antigen-restricted, as adherence to autologous and allogeneic fibroblast monolayers was not significantly different. Nonadherent T cells, collected at the end of adhesion assays, were deficient in their capacity to bind to a second interferon-treated monolayer, suggesting the depletion of a subpopulation of T cells responsible for adhesion. Alterations of fibroblasts in vivo by immune cell-derived cytokines may be an important mechanism for the localization of lymphocytes at sites of connective tissue @entity1 .

title: Lymphocyte-fibroblast adhesion induced by XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Mortality and morbidity after arterial thromboembolectomy were studied in 202 @entity0 . Factors affecting reoperation and survival were identified according to Cox's proportional hazards model. 30-day mortality was 26% and amputation rate 18.5%. NYHA classification was the most important predictor for survival; class 3-4 had a 3.35 times higher death rate than class 1-2. An age greater than 75 years increased the death rate by 2.35 times and the presence of ischaemic heart or peripheral @entity1 increased it by 1.69 and 1.65 times, respectively. Symptoms less than or equal to 1 day in duration were associated with a death rate 1.53 times higher than for a longer duration. Reoperation rate was 2.15 times greater in the absence of @entity3 . The amputation rate was 3.79 times higher in NYHA class 3-4 than in class 1-2, and 2.47 times higher in the presence of peripheral @entity1 . Apparently, @entity2 rather than recurrent embolism is the most important cause of reoperation and amputation. The severity of pre-existing @entity1 largely determines prognosis regardless of the severity of the superimposed acute occlusion.

title: XXXX survival and limb prognosis after arterial embolectomy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The present experiment was performed to investigate the effect of stimulating the parasympathetic superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) on thyroid blood flow and its mediator substances in @entity3 - @entity2 anesthetized @entity0 . Thyroid blood flow was measured by counting number of blood drops from a thin catheter inserted into the thyroid vein. SLNs were cut bilaterally and their peripheral portions were electrically stimulated. Electrical stimulations (intensity, 10 V; pulse duration, 0.5 ms) of SLNs increased thyroid blood flow in a frequency-dependent manner as stimulus frequencies increased from 2 to 40 Hz. The intravenous administration of @entity1 (0.5 mg/kg) reduced these responses, but did not abolish them. The basal secretion rate of vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity4 ) from thyroid glands in the resting state was nearly zero (0.25 +/- 0.14 pg/(kg.min)). SLN stimulation increased markedly the @entity4 secretion rate to 3.40 +/- 0.64 pg/(kg.min). The @entity4 secretion responses evoked by SLN stimulation remained in atropinized @entity0 . Furthermore, exogenously applied @entity4 increased the thyroid blood flow dose-dependently. These results suggest that SLN stimulation increases the thyroid blood flow by dilating thyroid blood vessels via activation of cholinergic and non-cholinergic (probably @entity4 -containing) nerve fibers. Thus, these parasympathetic vasodilation systems may play a supplementary role in regulating the secretion of thyroid hormone by changing the thyroid blood flow in addition to the role of hormonal regulation by the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).

title: Cholinergic and VIPergic vasodilator actions of parasympathetic nerves on the thyroid blood flow in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 may predispose the knee to the development of post-traumatic @entity8 by either a direct intra-articular @entity2 . Malunion, intra-articular @entity3 , @entity10 , retained internal fixation devices, and compromised surrounding soft tissues may in turn affect the outcome of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in these @entity0 . The aim of our study was to evaluate the result of @entity7 in @entity0 with previous @entity9 . METHODS: The results of 48 cemented condylar total knee arthroplasties, performed between 1980 to 1998, in 47 @entity0 with a previous @entity9 were reviewed. There were 37 females and 10 males with an average age of 65 years (range, 19-84 years). Follow-up averaged 6.2 years (range, 2-16 years). No @entity0 were lost to follow-up. RESULTS: At the time of arthroplasty a femoral @entity5 was present in three knees, all of which were treated with a long stem cemented femoral component and bone grafting. Malunion, defined as angulation greater than 10 degrees in the coronal plain or greater than 15 degrees in the sagittal plain, was present in 21 knees. Of these, six underwent distal femoral osteotomy during @entity7 . In the remaining 15 @entity0 , with a @entity1 was addressed by alterations in the orientation and location of bone resection. Other procedures were commonly needed at the time of arthroplasty and included: lateral retinacular release (22 knees), extensor mechanism realignment (eight knees), and collateral ligament reconstruction (two knees). The mean pre-operative Knee Society Scores were 40 (range, 0-80) for @entity4 and 48 (range, 0-100) for function and improved significantly to a mean of 84 (range, 37-99) and 66 (range, 0-100) points, respectively, at the latest follow-up (P<0.001). The knee arc of motion improved from a pre-operative mean of 83-99 degrees at the latest follow-up (P<0.004). Post-operative manipulation under anesthesia for poor motion was carried out in four knees. Two knees had @entity11 loosening that required subsequent revisions. Three knees developed @entity6 which was treated with debridement and retention of components in one knee, arthrodesis in another, and eventual amputation in one knee. CONCLUSIONS: Significant improvement in function and relief of @entity4 is seen in the vast majority of @entity0 with previous @entity9 undergoing subsequent @entity7 . However, these @entity0 are at increased risk for restricted motion and perioperative complications following @entity7 . Special efforts to preserve the vascularity of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, restore limb alignment, ensure correct component positioning, and achieve soft tissue balance may help minimize the problems identified in this study.

title: XXXX following prior @entity9 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 may predispose the knee to the development of post-traumatic @entity8 by either a direct intra-articular @entity2 . Malunion, intra-articular @entity3 , @entity10 , retained internal fixation devices, and compromised surrounding soft tissues may in turn affect the outcome of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in these @entity0 . The aim of our study was to evaluate the result of @entity7 in @entity0 with previous @entity9 . METHODS: The results of 48 cemented condylar total knee arthroplasties, performed between 1980 to 1998, in 47 @entity0 with a previous @entity9 were reviewed. There were 37 females and 10 males with an average age of 65 years (range, 19-84 years). Follow-up averaged 6.2 years (range, 2-16 years). No @entity0 were lost to follow-up. RESULTS: At the time of arthroplasty a femoral @entity5 was present in three knees, all of which were treated with a long stem cemented femoral component and bone grafting. Malunion, defined as angulation greater than 10 degrees in the coronal plain or greater than 15 degrees in the sagittal plain, was present in 21 knees. Of these, six underwent distal femoral osteotomy during @entity7 . In the remaining 15 @entity0 , with a @entity1 was addressed by alterations in the orientation and location of bone resection. Other procedures were commonly needed at the time of arthroplasty and included: lateral retinacular release (22 knees), extensor mechanism realignment (eight knees), and collateral ligament reconstruction (two knees). The mean pre-operative Knee Society Scores were 40 (range, 0-80) for @entity4 and 48 (range, 0-100) for function and improved significantly to a mean of 84 (range, 37-99) and 66 (range, 0-100) points, respectively, at the latest follow-up (P<0.001). The knee arc of motion improved from a pre-operative mean of 83-99 degrees at the latest follow-up (P<0.004). Post-operative manipulation under anesthesia for poor motion was carried out in four knees. Two knees had @entity11 loosening that required subsequent revisions. Three knees developed @entity6 which was treated with debridement and retention of components in one knee, arthrodesis in another, and eventual amputation in one knee. CONCLUSIONS: Significant improvement in function and relief of @entity4 is seen in the vast majority of @entity0 with previous @entity9 undergoing subsequent @entity7 . However, these @entity0 are at increased risk for restricted motion and perioperative complications following @entity7 . Special efforts to preserve the vascularity of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, restore limb alignment, ensure correct component positioning, and achieve soft tissue balance may help minimize the problems identified in this study.

title: @entity7 following prior XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Eighteen @entity0 with @entity2 have been diagnosed in Israel during the last 15 years. All @entity0 were Palestinian Arabs, with the exception of two siblings from a Jewish Iraqi family. Clinically all @entity0 had the infantile type ( @entity2 ), except one who had the juvenile type. Muscle glycogen content varied from 4 to 17% wet weight. Muscle alpha-glucosidase activity was zero in 10 of 17 @entity0 examined. Among the seven @entity0 in whom residual activity was present, the highest value was 18% of normal. Leukocyte alpha-glucosidase activity was highly variable, making this tissue unfit for enzymatic diagnosis of the disease. A marked heterogeneity was found in pH profiles of muscle and leukocyte alpha-glucosidase activity. A high prevalence of the disease in the Arab population was noted. In spite of a high rate of consanguinity, only a small number of autosomal recessively @entity1 have been shown to be unusually prevalent in the Arab population. In view of the serious prognosis of this disease, prenatal diagnosis should be offered to affected families.

title: XXXX in Israel.

answer: @entity2


abstract: mAb directed toward the idiotype of the 38C13 @entity1 @entity3 can be used to treat and cure a high percentage of @entity1 challenged previously with an otherwise lethal dose of @entity0 cells. Tumors developing in animals despite antibody therapy were examined by immunofluorescence and found to demonstrate either loss of surface Ig, or expression of an altered idiotype that no longer bound the antibody used for treatment. Further immunofluorescence analysis of the variant @entity0 revealed individual patterns of cross-reactivity with anti-38C13 idiotype mAb other than that used for therapy. The variant @entity0 cells were fused to @entity2 cells and hybrids were isolated which secreted large quantities of the altered idiotype proteins. Polyclonal antibodies and mAb prepared against the mutant proteins demonstrated cross-reactivity with the original 38C13 protein and its other variants. But the variants and wild type cells could be distinguished from each other by their patterns of reactivity with the panels of anti-idiotype antibodies. Differences in apparent m.w. were demonstrated in the L chains of each of the mutant proteins. Southern blot analysis of the H chain locus of these mutants established that they were all clonally related; however, the L chain loci were grossly different. Thus, rare cells with alteration in their Ig L chain genes and expressed proteins can give rise to idiotype variants in this B cell @entity0 .

title: Heterogeneity of a @entity1 XXXX . Isolation and characterization of idiotypic variants.

answer: @entity3


abstract: mAb directed toward the idiotype of the 38C13 @entity1 @entity3 can be used to treat and cure a high percentage of @entity1 challenged previously with an otherwise lethal dose of @entity0 cells. Tumors developing in animals despite antibody therapy were examined by immunofluorescence and found to demonstrate either loss of surface Ig, or expression of an altered idiotype that no longer bound the antibody used for treatment. Further immunofluorescence analysis of the variant @entity0 revealed individual patterns of cross-reactivity with anti-38C13 idiotype mAb other than that used for therapy. The variant @entity0 cells were fused to @entity2 cells and hybrids were isolated which secreted large quantities of the altered idiotype proteins. Polyclonal antibodies and mAb prepared against the mutant proteins demonstrated cross-reactivity with the original 38C13 protein and its other variants. But the variants and wild type cells could be distinguished from each other by their patterns of reactivity with the panels of anti-idiotype antibodies. Differences in apparent m.w. were demonstrated in the L chains of each of the mutant proteins. Southern blot analysis of the H chain locus of these mutants established that they were all clonally related; however, the L chain loci were grossly different. Thus, rare cells with alteration in their Ig L chain genes and expressed proteins can give rise to idiotype variants in this B cell @entity0 .

title: Heterogeneity of a XXXX @entity3 . Isolation and characterization of idiotypic variants.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A new experimental model for studying the effects of acute @entity1 on brain development in the near-term fetal @entity0 has been devised. Ischemic conditions are achieved by complete clamping of blood vessels branching from the uterine vasculature into each individual fetus for designated times followed by removal of the clamps to permit reperfusion. Accumulation of @entity2 in the fetal brain depends on the length of the restriction period, reaching a plateau level of 29 mumol/g tissue at about 30 min. It also depends on the reperfusion time. Thus after a period of 15 min of restriction @entity2 levels show an increase over the next 30-min reperfusion to a value of 25.5 mumol/g followed by a rapid decrease to normal values by 3 h of reperfusion. Restriction of 15 min followed by reperfusion of 45 min causes an elevation of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) level from 12.4 +/- 0.86 ng/g to 21.1 +/- 0.6 ng/g (p less than 0.001). This elevation in @entity3 level is less apparent after 20 min of restriction. No effects are seen on the level of PGF2 alpha. Both @entity3 and PGF2 alpha accumulate in vitro in a time-dependent manner by brain particulate fraction. In vitro synthesis of both @entity3 and PGF2 alpha is inhibited by @entity6 (100% and 68%, respectively) and @entity4 (94% and 76%, respectively). BW755c and @entity5 do not affect @entity3 formation but enhance PGF2 alpha production by 112% and 152%, respectively. Particulate fractions from restricted brain produce less PGF2 alpha than control brains (6.38 +/- 1.62 versus 11.43 +/- 2.2, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Acute uteroplacental ischemic embryo: XXXX accumulation and prostaglandin production in the fetal @entity0 brain.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A new experimental model for studying the effects of acute @entity1 on brain development in the near-term fetal @entity0 has been devised. Ischemic conditions are achieved by complete clamping of blood vessels branching from the uterine vasculature into each individual fetus for designated times followed by removal of the clamps to permit reperfusion. Accumulation of @entity2 in the fetal brain depends on the length of the restriction period, reaching a plateau level of 29 mumol/g tissue at about 30 min. It also depends on the reperfusion time. Thus after a period of 15 min of restriction @entity2 levels show an increase over the next 30-min reperfusion to a value of 25.5 mumol/g followed by a rapid decrease to normal values by 3 h of reperfusion. Restriction of 15 min followed by reperfusion of 45 min causes an elevation of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) level from 12.4 +/- 0.86 ng/g to 21.1 +/- 0.6 ng/g (p less than 0.001). This elevation in @entity3 level is less apparent after 20 min of restriction. No effects are seen on the level of PGF2 alpha. Both @entity3 and PGF2 alpha accumulate in vitro in a time-dependent manner by brain particulate fraction. In vitro synthesis of both @entity3 and PGF2 alpha is inhibited by @entity6 (100% and 68%, respectively) and @entity4 (94% and 76%, respectively). BW755c and @entity5 do not affect @entity3 formation but enhance PGF2 alpha production by 112% and 152%, respectively. Particulate fractions from restricted brain produce less PGF2 alpha than control brains (6.38 +/- 1.62 versus 11.43 +/- 2.2, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Acute uteroplacental ischemic embryo: @entity2 accumulation and prostaglandin production in the fetal XXXX brain.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the injection of a tolerated protein (indirect effects) affects the formation of @entity5 around @entity1 eggs trapped in the lungs after intravenous (iv) injection into normal (noninfected) C57BL/6 @entity0 (6 animals per group). To induce oral tolerance to @entity6 egg @entity8 a 1/5 dilution of egg white in water was offered ad libitum in a drinking bottle for 3 days. Control @entity0 received water. After 7 days, control and experimental animals were injected iv with 2,000 @entity2 eggs through a tail vein. In some @entity0 of both groups the iv injection of eggs was immediately followed by intraperitoneal (ip) immunization with 10 micro g of dinitrophenylated conjugates of @entity8 (DNP-Ova) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity7 ) or only @entity7 ; 18 days later, @entity0 were bled and killed by ether inhalation. The lungs were fixed in @entity3 and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections of 5 m were stained with Giemsa, Gomori's @entity4 reticulin and Sirius red (pH 10.2). @entity5 diameters were measured in histological sections previously stained with Gomori's reticulin. Anti-DNP and anti-soluble egg antigen (SEA) antibodies were analyzed by ELISA. In @entity0 orally tolerant to @entity8 the concomitant ip injection of DNP-Ova resulted in significantly lower anti-SEA antibodies (ELISA*: 1395 +/- 352 in non-tolerant and 462 +/- 146 in tolerant @entity0 ) and affected @entity5 formation around eggs, significantly decreasing @entity5 size (area: 22,260 +/- 2478 to 12,993 +/- 3242 m ). Active mechanisms triggered by injection of tolerated antigen ( @entity8 ) reduce @entity5 formation.

title: Indirect effects of oral tolerance to @entity8 interfere with the immune responses triggered by XXXX eggs.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the injection of a tolerated protein (indirect effects) affects the formation of @entity5 around @entity1 eggs trapped in the lungs after intravenous (iv) injection into normal (noninfected) C57BL/6 @entity0 (6 animals per group). To induce oral tolerance to @entity6 egg @entity8 a 1/5 dilution of egg white in water was offered ad libitum in a drinking bottle for 3 days. Control @entity0 received water. After 7 days, control and experimental animals were injected iv with 2,000 @entity2 eggs through a tail vein. In some @entity0 of both groups the iv injection of eggs was immediately followed by intraperitoneal (ip) immunization with 10 micro g of dinitrophenylated conjugates of @entity8 (DNP-Ova) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity7 ) or only @entity7 ; 18 days later, @entity0 were bled and killed by ether inhalation. The lungs were fixed in @entity3 and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections of 5 m were stained with Giemsa, Gomori's @entity4 reticulin and Sirius red (pH 10.2). @entity5 diameters were measured in histological sections previously stained with Gomori's reticulin. Anti-DNP and anti-soluble egg antigen (SEA) antibodies were analyzed by ELISA. In @entity0 orally tolerant to @entity8 the concomitant ip injection of DNP-Ova resulted in significantly lower anti-SEA antibodies (ELISA*: 1395 +/- 352 in non-tolerant and 462 +/- 146 in tolerant @entity0 ) and affected @entity5 formation around eggs, significantly decreasing @entity5 size (area: 22,260 +/- 2478 to 12,993 +/- 3242 m ). Active mechanisms triggered by injection of tolerated antigen ( @entity8 ) reduce @entity5 formation.

title: Indirect effects of oral tolerance to XXXX interfere with the immune responses triggered by @entity1 eggs.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Subcutaneous interferon beta-1a is a recognized treatment of relapsing @entity1 , and it may delay the onset of definite @entity1 in @entity0 with a first clinical demyelinating episode. Interferon beta-1a exerts beneficial effects on cognitive functioning via both short-term and long-term mechanisms. The beneficial effect is thought to be a result of immune modulation, with inhibition of leukocyte proliferation and antigen presentation and an increased amount of interleukins. The systemic side effects of interferon beta-1a are @entity4 and development of neutralizing antibodies, the clinical significance of which is not known. There have been concerns about the rare development of an acute @entity2 after interferon beta-1a therapy as a result of upregulation of inflammatory mediators. In the clinical trials, there is evidence of development of mild @entity3 with a hemoglobin level below 10 g/dL only in 3% of the @entity0 . There has been no reported case of development of @entity5 in @entity0 being treated with interferon beta-1a. Described here is a case of development of @entity5 with interferon beta-1a in a @entity0 with @entity1 . Our @entity0 underwent a complete hematologic evaluation to rule out other causes of @entity5 . Association with interferon beta-1a was highly suspected.

title: XXXX associated with interferon beta-1a.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We reviewed the serial CT studies obtained between 1974 and 1986 of 31 @entity0 with @entity2 who survived for 2 to 11 years after surgical @entity1 . In all cases surgery was followed by radiation therapy to the head (6000 rad) and chemotherapy. @entity0 were divided into two age groups: those under age 40 (n = 13) and those over age 40 (n = 18). By 2 years all @entity0 in the older group developed evidence of @entity3 characterized by periventricular zones of decreased attenuation. Only 58% of the younger group showed evidence of white matter changes at this point. All @entity0 from both age groups who survived for 4 years developed @entity3 . The severity of @entity3 from 6 months after surgery and beyond was always greater in the older group. All @entity0 developed @entity5 as evidenced by sulcal dilatation and @entity4 . @entity5 was progressive beginning with the first postirradiation scan, and was always more severe in the older @entity0 . A significant difference was found in the clinical status of the two age groups as determined by the mental status score and the Karnofsky scale. Despite progressive brain changes, survivors under age 40 maintained a nearly normal mental status and Karnofsky scores until their death, whereas survivors over age 40 showed progressive clinical decline.

title: Longitudinal CT study of parenchymal brain changes in XXXX survivors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluation of portoportal collateral vessels and associated @entity1 in @entity0 with cavernous transformation of the portal vein by MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of 34 MRI examinations performed on @entity0 with angiographically or MR-angiographically proven cavernous transformation. The analysis included the pattern of the portoportal collateral circulation and the abnormalities of the biliary system, such as wall thickening, @entity2 , dilations and irregularities of the extra-and intrahepatic bile ducts. RESULTS: 23 (67.6%) of 34 @entity0 with cavernous transformation had paracholedochal portoportal collateral vessels, with 22 (64.7%) showing visible luminal channels. @entity3 could be observed in 8 (23.5%) @entity0 . 24 (70.5%) of 34 @entity0 demonstrated @entity1 due to portoportal collaterals, leading to @entity2 with dilatation of the proximal bile ducts in 8 (23.5%) @entity0 . The ductal walls were irregular in 7 (20.5%) @entity0 , and thickened in 11 (32.3%). The gallbladder wall was thickened in 4 (12.9%) @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Portoportal collaterals in @entity0 with cavernous transformation of the portal vein can be identified by MRI. These collaterals frequently alter the biliary system, which must be considered in differential diagnosis of @entity1 observed in the presence of portoportal collaterals.

title: [MRI in cavernous transformation of the portal vein: secondary XXXX and portoportal collaterals].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Predictive genetic testing for @entity1 is a delicate issue for individuals at risk and their families, as well as for medical staff because these diseases are often late-onset and intractable. Therefore careful pre- and post-test genetic counseling and psychosocial support should be provided along with such genetic testing. The Division of Clinical and Molecular Genetics was established at our hospital in May 1996 to provide skilled professional genetic counseling. Since its establishment, 14 individuals have visited our clinic to request predictive genetic testing for @entity1 (4 for @entity5 , 6 for @entity2 , 3 for @entity4 , and 1 for @entity3 ). The main reasons for considering testing were to remove uncertainty about the genetic status and to plan for the future. Nine of 14 individuals requested testing for making decisions about a forthcoming marriage or pregnancy (family planning). Other reasons raised by the individuals included career or financial planning, planning for their own health care, and knowing the risk for their @entity0 . At the first genetic counseling session, all of the individuals expressed hopes of not being a gene carrier and of escaping from fear of disease, and seemed not to be mentally well prepared for an increased-risk result. To date, 7 of the 14 individuals have received genetic testing and only one, who underwent predictive genetic testing for @entity2 , was given an increased-risk result. The seven individuals including the one with an increased-risk result, have coped well with their new knowledge about their genetic status after the testing results were disclosed. None of them has expressed regret. In pre-test genetic counseling sessions, we consider it quite important not only to determine the psychological status of the individual, but also to make the individual try to anticipate the changes in his/her life upon receiving an increased-risk or a decreased-risk result. Sufficient time should be taken to build a good relationship between the individual and his/her family and the medical staff during pre-test counseling sessions. This will help the individuals feel satisfied with their own decisions for the future, whether they receive genetic testing or not.

title: [Analysis of 14 individuals who requested predictive genetic testing for XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A single point mutation in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) of the Trembler-J (TrJ) @entity2 models the @entity0 @entity5 , @entity6 A (CMT1A). An unexplored aspect of this disease is the gradual remodeling of the extracellular matrix in affected nerves. To elucidate the mechanism responsible for these changes, the levels of the extracellular matrix molecules laminin, collagen IV, and fibronectin were determined. In TrJ nerves, laminin is modestly increased while full-length forms of collagen IV and fibronectin are decreased. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to degrade multiple matrix molecules; therefore, nerves were assayed for @entity3 and @entity4 proteins. In @entity1 , elevated levels of @entity3 and @entity4 were detected on western blots, and gelatin zymography confirmed the up-regulation of gelatinalytic activity in affected samples. Immunostaining studies revealed an increase in the numbers of @entity3 - and @entity4 -expressing cells in TrJ nerves. Cell type-specific immunolabeling showed that infiltrating macrophages are a significant source of both @entity3 and @entity4 . Finally, the degradation of exogenous collagen IV by TrJ nerve lysates was prevented with a specific MMP inhibitor. Together these observations suggest that infiltration by MMP-expressing macrophages contributes to the remodeling of the TrJ nerve matrix.

title: Matrix metalloproteinase mediated degradation of basement membrane proteins in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Borderline nuclear change; can a subgroup be identified which is suspicious of high-grade cervical @entity3 , i.e. CIN 2 or worse? Only 10% of first borderline smears are associated with a histological high-grade (HG) abnormality, i.e. CIN 2,3, invasive @entity0 on subsequent investigation. The advantages of highlighting this subgroup are obvious but is this possible? From 1996 and 1997, 242 borderline smears with histological follow-up were examined by two independent experienced observers (observer 1 and 2) without prior knowledge of further investigation results. For each smear a profile of nuclear details was produced, also noting the type of cell mainly affected by the process; then the observers were asked to assess the degree of @entity1 for each smear i.e. whether the smear fell into group 1 borderline changes indicative of low-grade (normal, inflammatory, CIN1/HPV) disease (BL/LG) or group 2 difficult borderline smear, HG disease (CIN 2,3, invasive @entity0 ) cannot be excluded (BL/HG). Observer 1 selected a group of BL/HG with a @entity2 for HG disease of 38%, with observer 2 having a @entity2 of 50%; this compared with the overall laboratory HG disease @entity2 for borderline smears of 14%. Both observers found the most useful criterion to be the increase in nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio. Our results show that it is possible to separate a small group of borderline smears which should be classified as 'borderline/high grade lesion difficult to exclude' (BL/HG). Both observers had some success in arriving at this classification although their method of selecting out this group was quite different.

title: Borderline nuclear change; can a subgroup be identified which is suspicious of high-grade cervical XXXX , i e CIN 2 or worse?

answer: @entity3


abstract: The two-component sensing system controlling bacterial chemotaxis is one of the best studied in biology. @entity3 has a complex chemosensory pathway comprising two @entity2 protein kinases (CheAs) and eight downstream response regulators (six CheYs and two CheBs) rather than the single copies of each as in @entity0 . We used in vitro analysis of phosphotransfer to start to determine why @entity3 has these multiple homologues. CheA(1) and CheA(2) contain all the key motifs identified in the @entity2 protein kinase family, except for conservative substitutions (F-L and F-I) within the F box of CheA(2), and both are capable of @entity1 -dependent autophosphorylation. While the K(m) values for @entity1 of CheA(1) and CheA(2) were similar to that of @entity0 , the k(cat) value was three times lower, but similar to that measured for the related @entity4 CheA. However, the two CheAs differed both in their ability to phosphorylate the various response regulators and the rates of phosphotransfer. CheA(2) phosphorylated all of the CheYs and both CheBs, whilst CheA(1) did not phosphorylate either @entity5 and phosphorylated only the response regulators encoded within its own genetic locus (CheY(1), CheY(2), and CheY(5)) and CheY(3). The dephosphorylation rates of the @entity3 CheBs were much slower than the @entity0 CheB. The dephosphorylation rate of CheY(6), encoded by the third chemosensory locus, was ten times faster than that of the @entity0 CheY. However, the dephosphorylation rates of the remaining @entity3 CheYs were comparable to that of @entity0 CheY.

title: Phosphotransfer in XXXX chemotaxis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Flavonoids, such as daidzein and genistein, present in dietary plants like @entity5 , have unique chemical properties with biological activity relevant to @entity2 . Many flavonoids and polyphenols, including resveratrol in red wine and epigallocatechin gallate in green tea, are known antioxidants. Some of these compounds have estrogenic (and antiestrogenic) activity and are commonly referred to as phytoestrogens. A @entity3 -based estrogen receptor (ER) reporter assay has been used to measure the ability of flavonoids to bind to ER and activate estrogen responsive genes. Recently, estrogenic compounds were also shown to trigger rapid, nongenomic effects. The molecular mechanisms, however, have not been completely detailed and little information exists regarding their relevance to @entity2 progression. As a preliminary step toward elucidating rapid phytoestrogen action on @entity0 cells, we investigated the effect of 17-beta estradiol (E2), genistein, daidzein and resveratrol on the activation status of signaling proteins that regulate cell survival and invasion, the cell properties underlying @entity0 progression. The effect of these estrogenic compounds on the activation, via phosphorylation, of @entity4 / @entity7 ( @entity4 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were analyzed in ER-positive and -negative @entity1 @entity0 cell lines. E2, genistein and daidzein increased whereas resveratrol decreased both @entity4 and @entity6 phosphorylation in nonmetastatic ER-positive T47D cells. In metastatic ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells, all estrogenic compounds tested increased @entity4 and @entity6 phosphorylation. The inhibitory action of resveratrol on cell survival and proliferation is ER dependent. Therefore, all estrogenic compounds tested, including resveratrol, may exert supplementary ER-independent nongenomic effects on cell survival and migration in @entity0 cells.

title: Flavonoid effects relevant to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether @entity0 (live, antigens, or polysaccharide) cause @entity5 in a susceptible animal host with appropriate drug reversal. METHODS: At laparotomy, preparations of @entity9 (live, @entity4 -inactivated, and heat-inactivated) in @entity8 were applied to the adventitial surface of the abdominal aorta of @entity1 fed a @entity2 -enriched diet. Aortic diameter was measured with ultrasonography. After 3 weeks, immunohistochemistry was used to detect aortic @entity9 and macrophages. Presence of @entity9 DNA also was assessed. RESULTS: At high doses (5 x 10(7) organisms) periaortic application of both live and @entity4 -inactivated preparations resulted in doubling of aortic diameter after 3 weeks, from 2.0 +/- 0.5 mm to 4.3 +/- 1.3 mm (P <.02). @entity9 DNA and antigens, together with a heavy macrophage infiltrate, were detected in the dilated aorta. In contrast, periaortic application of heat-inactivated preparations resulted in minimal macrophage influx and @entity3 . Treatment of @entity1 with @entity6 or @entity7 for 10 days after laparotomy abolished the effects of @entity4 -inactivated @entity9 on @entity3 . @entity6 reduced the number of macrophages in the aortic wall more effectively than @entity7 . CONCLUSION: Because membrane antigenicity is retained in @entity4 -inactivated but not heat-inactivated organisms, in this experimental model, chlamydial membrane antigens (rather than live organisms) appear to cause the @entity3 and associated macrophage recruitment. @entity6 is likely to reverse these effects with an antiinflammatory mechanism.

title: XXXX antigens facilitate experimental @entity3 : prevention with @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether @entity0 (live, antigens, or polysaccharide) cause @entity5 in a susceptible animal host with appropriate drug reversal. METHODS: At laparotomy, preparations of @entity9 (live, @entity4 -inactivated, and heat-inactivated) in @entity8 were applied to the adventitial surface of the abdominal aorta of @entity1 fed a @entity2 -enriched diet. Aortic diameter was measured with ultrasonography. After 3 weeks, immunohistochemistry was used to detect aortic @entity9 and macrophages. Presence of @entity9 DNA also was assessed. RESULTS: At high doses (5 x 10(7) organisms) periaortic application of both live and @entity4 -inactivated preparations resulted in doubling of aortic diameter after 3 weeks, from 2.0 +/- 0.5 mm to 4.3 +/- 1.3 mm (P <.02). @entity9 DNA and antigens, together with a heavy macrophage infiltrate, were detected in the dilated aorta. In contrast, periaortic application of heat-inactivated preparations resulted in minimal macrophage influx and @entity3 . Treatment of @entity1 with @entity6 or @entity7 for 10 days after laparotomy abolished the effects of @entity4 -inactivated @entity9 on @entity3 . @entity6 reduced the number of macrophages in the aortic wall more effectively than @entity7 . CONCLUSION: Because membrane antigenicity is retained in @entity4 -inactivated but not heat-inactivated organisms, in this experimental model, chlamydial membrane antigens (rather than live organisms) appear to cause the @entity3 and associated macrophage recruitment. @entity6 is likely to reverse these effects with an antiinflammatory mechanism.

title: @entity0 antigens facilitate experimental @entity3 : prevention with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether @entity0 (live, antigens, or polysaccharide) cause @entity5 in a susceptible animal host with appropriate drug reversal. METHODS: At laparotomy, preparations of @entity9 (live, @entity4 -inactivated, and heat-inactivated) in @entity8 were applied to the adventitial surface of the abdominal aorta of @entity1 fed a @entity2 -enriched diet. Aortic diameter was measured with ultrasonography. After 3 weeks, immunohistochemistry was used to detect aortic @entity9 and macrophages. Presence of @entity9 DNA also was assessed. RESULTS: At high doses (5 x 10(7) organisms) periaortic application of both live and @entity4 -inactivated preparations resulted in doubling of aortic diameter after 3 weeks, from 2.0 +/- 0.5 mm to 4.3 +/- 1.3 mm (P <.02). @entity9 DNA and antigens, together with a heavy macrophage infiltrate, were detected in the dilated aorta. In contrast, periaortic application of heat-inactivated preparations resulted in minimal macrophage influx and @entity3 . Treatment of @entity1 with @entity6 or @entity7 for 10 days after laparotomy abolished the effects of @entity4 -inactivated @entity9 on @entity3 . @entity6 reduced the number of macrophages in the aortic wall more effectively than @entity7 . CONCLUSION: Because membrane antigenicity is retained in @entity4 -inactivated but not heat-inactivated organisms, in this experimental model, chlamydial membrane antigens (rather than live organisms) appear to cause the @entity3 and associated macrophage recruitment. @entity6 is likely to reverse these effects with an antiinflammatory mechanism.

title: @entity0 antigens facilitate experimental XXXX : prevention with @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise performance in @entity0 with @entity5 is partially dependent on cardiac @entity7 ( @entity7 ) function. There are 2 common polymorphisms of the @entity7 gene that alter the encoded @entity6 at positions 49 (Ser or @entity10 ) and 389 ( @entity10 or @entity4 ) and alter receptor function in vitro. Their relevance to modification of cardiac function in @entity5 is not known. METHODS: Exercise testing was performed in 263 @entity0 with @entity9 or @entity2 (left ventricular ejection fraction approximately 25%). Potential associations were sought between @entity7 genotypes and the primary outcome variables of peak @entity1 consumption (VO2), heart rate response, and exercise time. RESULTS: The major determinants of exercise capacity were the polymorphisms at position 389, where @entity0 homozygous for @entity10 389 had significantly lower peak VO2 compared with those with @entity4 389 (14.5 +/- 0.6 vs 17.7 +/- 0.4 mL/kg/min, P =.006), despite similar clinical characteristics including left ventricular ejection fraction. Consistent with a gene dose-response, heterozygosity was associated with an intermediate response (16.9 +/- 0.6 mL/kg/min, P <.05). When position 49 genotypes were included, a graded relationship between the 5 2-locus haplotypes and VO2 was found. Two haplotypes displayed the most divergent peak @entity11 : homozygous @entity10 389/Ser49, and homozygous @entity4 389/Gly49 carriers (14.4 +/- 0.5 vs 18.2 +/- 0.8 mL/kg/min, P =.001). Genotype did not predict the heart rate response. The above results were independent of beta-blocker or other medication use, left ventricular ejection fraction, @entity8 genotype, or other demographic and clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION: @entity7 polymorphisms are a significant determinant of exercise capacity in @entity0 with @entity5 . Early identification, by genetic testing for these polymorphisms, of @entity5 @entity0 at risk for development of @entity3 exercise capacity may be useful for initiation of specific therapy tailored to genotype.

title: Polymorphisms of the XXXX predict exercise capacity in @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise performance in @entity0 with @entity5 is partially dependent on cardiac @entity7 ( @entity7 ) function. There are 2 common polymorphisms of the @entity7 gene that alter the encoded @entity6 at positions 49 (Ser or @entity10 ) and 389 ( @entity10 or @entity4 ) and alter receptor function in vitro. Their relevance to modification of cardiac function in @entity5 is not known. METHODS: Exercise testing was performed in 263 @entity0 with @entity9 or @entity2 (left ventricular ejection fraction approximately 25%). Potential associations were sought between @entity7 genotypes and the primary outcome variables of peak @entity1 consumption (VO2), heart rate response, and exercise time. RESULTS: The major determinants of exercise capacity were the polymorphisms at position 389, where @entity0 homozygous for @entity10 389 had significantly lower peak VO2 compared with those with @entity4 389 (14.5 +/- 0.6 vs 17.7 +/- 0.4 mL/kg/min, P =.006), despite similar clinical characteristics including left ventricular ejection fraction. Consistent with a gene dose-response, heterozygosity was associated with an intermediate response (16.9 +/- 0.6 mL/kg/min, P <.05). When position 49 genotypes were included, a graded relationship between the 5 2-locus haplotypes and VO2 was found. Two haplotypes displayed the most divergent peak @entity11 : homozygous @entity10 389/Ser49, and homozygous @entity4 389/Gly49 carriers (14.4 +/- 0.5 vs 18.2 +/- 0.8 mL/kg/min, P =.001). Genotype did not predict the heart rate response. The above results were independent of beta-blocker or other medication use, left ventricular ejection fraction, @entity8 genotype, or other demographic and clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION: @entity7 polymorphisms are a significant determinant of exercise capacity in @entity0 with @entity5 . Early identification, by genetic testing for these polymorphisms, of @entity5 @entity0 at risk for development of @entity3 exercise capacity may be useful for initiation of specific therapy tailored to genotype.

title: Polymorphisms of the @entity7 predict exercise capacity in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: SUMMARY: Analysis of the results raised in the Framingham and the MRFIT study have clearly shown that increased pulse pressure is an independent @entity1 factor. This is valid for all age groups and both sexes. The risk increases with pulse pressures over 60 - 65 mmHg for office blood pressure and 53 mmHg for 24-h-mean of ambulatory blood pressure. Pulse pressure is strongly correlated with systolic blood pressure and will be highest in case of isolated systolic @entity2 . Urinary albumin excretion and @entity4 are closely associated with pulse pressure. With elevated pulse pressure @entity1 is increased 2- to 4-fold in relation to age and endpoint. The risk of @entity3 is raised more if pulse pressure is associated with low mean arterial blood pressure while risk of @entity0 is increased with wide pulse pressure and high mean arterial pressure. The risk of pulse pressure can be seen in normotensives and in early pregnancy. Therapeutic management of pulse pressure will be similar to that of systolic blood pressure, since normalization of systolic blood pressure will also lower or normalize pulse pressure. Results of preliminary studies suggest that diuretics are superior to other drugs in decreasing pulse pressure. An increase of pulse pressure during therapy should be avoided since each 10 mmHg increase in pulse pressure will raise the risk of @entity0 and @entity3 about 24 % and 32 %.

title: Risk evaluation and therapeutical implications of pulse pressure in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Complementary and alternative therapies are increasingly used in the United States by individuals diagnosed with @entity1 . PC-SPES is a multiherb dietary supplement used by many @entity0 with @entity3 (CaP). The wide acceptance of PC-SPES for hormone-naive and end-stage CaP relates to clinical trials demonstrating significant efficacy and low @entity2 . Although the clinical efficacy of PC-SPES is highly encouraging, its scientific basis has progressed more slowly. This article describes our understanding of the in vitro mechanisms of action of PC-SPES in androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. We first demonstrated significant suppression of @entity1 cell growth by restriction of cell cycle progression at G(1)/S and drastic reductions in the expression of @entity5 and @entity4 (PSA) by PC-SPES, providing a mechanistic rationale for its observed clinical effects. Further investigation of the anti-CaP properties of PC-SPES revealed that two of its multicomponent herbs, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Scutellaria baicalensis, inhibited cell growth and down-regulated PSA in a manner comparable with PC-SPES. Exhaustive characterization of S. baicalensis resulted in the isolation of baicalein. Here we report that baicalein effectively suppressed growth and PSA expression and induced G(1)/S arrest in LNCaP cells. Although baicalein cannot account for the entire activity of PC-SPES, it does display similar anti-CaP activities. These data suggest that a single herb or bioactive compound could suffice for CaP chemoprevention by effecting multiple changes in target cells to intervene in CaP progression. These studies provide the impetus for further evaluation of the composition herbs within PC-SPES and the precise characterization of their bioactive ingredients.

title: Prevention and management of XXXX using PC-SPES: a scientific perspective.

answer: @entity3