abstract: @entity3 (1-[2,3,4-trimethoxibenzyl)]-piperazine, @entity4 ) is a drug with a proposed metabolically based antiischemic action. Because @entity5 is a serious complication of @entity2 and is considered metabolic in origin, we studied the effect of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) on development of @entity5 in experimental low-flow @entity2 . @entity4 was either added to the perfusion fluid or given as pretreatment to the donor @entity1 . Langendorff-perfused isolated @entity1 hearts were submitted to 30-min subtotal global @entity2 (residual flow = 0.2 ml/min, n = 6 per group) (normal flow = 12.4 +/- 0.8 ml/min, heart fresh weight = 0.9 +/- 0.3 g). @entity5 was measured by a water-filled intraventricular balloon. Thereafter, the hearts were reperfused for 20 min and recovery of intraventricular pressure was monitored. Furthermore, because the mechanisms of action of @entity4 may involve cellular energy metabolism, we assessed throughout glycolytic flux by collecting the coronary effluent every 5 min during control perfusion, @entity2 , and reperfusion periods. Animals from the pretreated groups received @entity4 [3 mg/kg orally (p.o.) twice daily] for 5 days. Animals from the control group received placebo for the same time period. Concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-4) M were used when the drug was added to the perfusate. In our experimental conditions, @entity4 pretreatment alone had no measurable cardioprotective effect, but addition to the perfusate of @entity4 10(-6) M, approximately a therapeutic concentration in @entity0 , reduced @entity5 in both pretreated and control groups and improved postischemic recovery of developed pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity3 on @entity5 in isolated perfused XXXX hearts.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether bariatric surgery is associated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study to estimate the relationship between prior bariatric surgery and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The data were collected from the 2012 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS). Pregnancies in @entity1 @entity0 with a prior bariatric surgery were compared to those of @entity1 @entity0 without. Outcomes of interest were @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity6 , large for gestational age, postpartum @entity2 , @entity5 , cesarean delivery and operative vaginal delivery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS: 186   605 @entity1 @entity0 with singleton gestations were identified. Among these, 1585 (0.8%) @entity0 had a prior bariatric surgery. Prior bariatric surgery was associated with an increased risk of @entity4 (5.7% versus 2.2%, adjusted odds ratio 2.89, 99% CI 1.55-5.39, p   <   0.0001) even after adjusting for confounding factors. No differences were seen in our other outcomes of interest. CONCLUSION: Singleton gestations in @entity1 @entity0 with a prior bariatric surgery have an increased risk of @entity4 . It may be reasonable screen these pregnancies for the development of growth restriction.

title: Bariatric surgery and associated adverse pregnancy outcomes among XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether bariatric surgery is associated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study to estimate the relationship between prior bariatric surgery and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The data were collected from the 2012 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS). Pregnancies in @entity1 @entity0 with a prior bariatric surgery were compared to those of @entity1 @entity0 without. Outcomes of interest were @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity6 , large for gestational age, postpartum @entity2 , @entity5 , cesarean delivery and operative vaginal delivery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS: 186   605 @entity1 @entity0 with singleton gestations were identified. Among these, 1585 (0.8%) @entity0 had a prior bariatric surgery. Prior bariatric surgery was associated with an increased risk of @entity4 (5.7% versus 2.2%, adjusted odds ratio 2.89, 99% CI 1.55-5.39, p   <   0.0001) even after adjusting for confounding factors. No differences were seen in our other outcomes of interest. CONCLUSION: Singleton gestations in @entity1 @entity0 with a prior bariatric surgery have an increased risk of @entity4 . It may be reasonable screen these pregnancies for the development of growth restriction.

title: Bariatric surgery and associated adverse pregnancy outcomes among @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The occurrence of @entity8 in foods, drug products, and the environment; the characteristics of @entity7 -sensitivity reactions; and the management of @entity7 -sensitive individuals are reviewed. @entity8 are used in foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals for their antioxidant properties; they are frequently used in restaurant foods to keep vegetables and fruits looking fresh. Beer, wine, and dried, canned, or frozen fruits often contain @entity8 , and seafood and fried @entity3 are often prepared with these agents. @entity8 are also present as pollutants in the atmosphere. The incidence of @entity7 sensitivity is unknown, but the condition is being recognized with increasing frequency. @entity6 is sometimes induced by @entity8 in sensitive individuals, and @entity5 and @entity2 have been reported. Immediate or delayed reactions may occur. The mechanism of @entity1 is unknown but is thought to be @entity7 -induced stimulation of the afferent limb of the cholinergic reflex. Clinical management is based on avoiding strenuous exercise on days when atmospheric pollution is high and on avoiding foods and drug products containing @entity8 . Treatment of @entity7 -sensitivity reactions is usually supportive; subcutaneous @entity4 has been effective in some @entity0 . Several drugs have been used investigationally to prevent @entity7 -sensitivity reactions. However, few data are available to evaluate their efficacy. @entity8 may induce @entity6 and @entity5 in sensitive individuals. These @entity0 should avoid foods and drug products containing @entity8 .

title: Review of XXXX sensitivity.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The mode of pharmacological healing influences subsequent @entity1 relapse. @entity3 following healing and withdrawal of active therapy has been studied in 18 prospectively randomised comparative studies involving @entity2 and alternative healing agents. Most studies (eleven of the 18) showed comparative agents with a lower (greater than 10%) incidence of relapse than @entity2 while a minority (seven of the 18) showed equal (+/- 10%) relapse. The probability of this distribution occurring by chance is less than 1:1000 (p = 0.0005, sign test). In three of the 11 published comparative studies the relapse rate was significantly higher in those who had previously received @entity2 (p less than 0.05, two-sided significance test). This was despite the fact that most of the individual studies were small and required a substantial difference in results for the 5% significance level to be reached. Paired comparative incidences of relapse at six months were converted to relapse rates (percentage of healed population relapsing monthly), average rates for comparative agents were 8.05 +/- 2.7% while those for @entity2 were 16.9 +/- 4.4% (means +/- SEM, n = 5); @entity2 relapse rates derived from non-comparative trials were 17.0 +/- 1.9% (means +/- SEM, n = 7). Higher relapse rates translate into larger numbers of @entity0 at risk and in need of active therapy. These results are of biological and clinical significance. Differences in relapse must reflect beneficial effects of one group of agents on the @entity1 diathesis or adverse effects of the comparator, @entity2 . Each alternative reflects negatively on @entity2 as an antiulcer medication; however, confirmation of adverse effects would force radical review of most current therapy of @entity1 . Research into @entity1 therapeutics must emphasise both the relapse and the healing potential of pharmacologic agents.

title: The choice of XXXX healing agent influences duodenal @entity1 relapse rate and long-term clinical outcome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The mode of pharmacological healing influences subsequent @entity1 relapse. @entity3 following healing and withdrawal of active therapy has been studied in 18 prospectively randomised comparative studies involving @entity2 and alternative healing agents. Most studies (eleven of the 18) showed comparative agents with a lower (greater than 10%) incidence of relapse than @entity2 while a minority (seven of the 18) showed equal (+/- 10%) relapse. The probability of this distribution occurring by chance is less than 1:1000 (p = 0.0005, sign test). In three of the 11 published comparative studies the relapse rate was significantly higher in those who had previously received @entity2 (p less than 0.05, two-sided significance test). This was despite the fact that most of the individual studies were small and required a substantial difference in results for the 5% significance level to be reached. Paired comparative incidences of relapse at six months were converted to relapse rates (percentage of healed population relapsing monthly), average rates for comparative agents were 8.05 +/- 2.7% while those for @entity2 were 16.9 +/- 4.4% (means +/- SEM, n = 5); @entity2 relapse rates derived from non-comparative trials were 17.0 +/- 1.9% (means +/- SEM, n = 7). Higher relapse rates translate into larger numbers of @entity0 at risk and in need of active therapy. These results are of biological and clinical significance. Differences in relapse must reflect beneficial effects of one group of agents on the @entity1 diathesis or adverse effects of the comparator, @entity2 . Each alternative reflects negatively on @entity2 as an antiulcer medication; however, confirmation of adverse effects would force radical review of most current therapy of @entity1 . Research into @entity1 therapeutics must emphasise both the relapse and the healing potential of pharmacologic agents.

title: The choice of @entity1 healing agent influences duodenal XXXX relapse rate and long-term clinical outcome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of high dose chemotherapy in the treatment of solid @entity2 is associated with prolonged @entity5 and, consequently, in some @entity1 , @entity6 . The authors describe their experience with a clinicoradiologic syndrome developing after high dose chemotherapy was administered to @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS: The authors evaluated the clinical and radiologic records of 12 @entity1 in whom @entity4 , or @entity3 developed. RESULTS: Three @entity1 had positive blood cultures for @entity8 . One of these @entity1 and two others had fungal organisms identified with special stains of an organ aspirate. Most @entity1 were asymptomatic, and most of them were treated successfully with antifungal agents, although untreated @entity1 also recovered. There were no fatalities due to the @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: A radiographic syndrome resembling @entity4 , or @entity3 is described, which occurred after high dose chemotherapy was administered and autologous bone marrow transplantation was performed on @entity1 with @entity0 . This syndrome has a favorable prognosis. Conclusions as to the more indolent nature of this syndrome cannot be made; however, this topic warrants further investigation.

title: A radiologic syndrome after high dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation, with clinical and pathologic features of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: NORs are the loops of DNA that contain the sites of ribosomal genes around which the nucleolus is formed during telophase of mitosis. In light microscopy they can be visualized by simple @entity3 staining technique as small dark dots within the nucleus. It has been recognized that in many @entity0 , especially malignant AgNORs are more numerous and often atypical when compared with @entity0 and normal tissue. We have introduced this novel technique to the fine needle cytology of @entity2 (n = 56). We have analyzed the number, the area of AgNORs, the number of clustered AgNORs in the nucleus and the ratio of AgNOR area to the nuclear area and the area of single AgNOR by means of semiautomatic computerized image analysis. We have studied cytological samples consisting of 7 simple goiters, 7 @entity5 , 15 @entity4 , 7 @entity4 , 8 @entity1 , 6 @entity6 . In this study we have demonstrated that some differences in the AgNORs value are associated with the type of @entity0 rather than with malignancy. Location of the AgNORs seems to be very typical for some types of @entity0 . For example in oxyphilic @entity0 they form single clusters in the nucleus and in @entity6 they form at least two abundant clusters. In other proliferative lesions of the thyroid gland location of AgNORs is less typical.

title: Fine needle aspiration cytology combined with argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The neurosurgeon has a great deal to offer in the therapy of @entity1 . Dr. Dandy's supposition that all @entity1 could be approached by the intracranial route is certainly correct, but technical advances have made the medial and lateral approaches to the orbit more useful for most @entity1 which are confined to the orbit (22, 25). For those which involve the posterior orbit and canal and have intracranial extensions, the intracranial approach is excellent. Since Dandy's first description of the procedure in 1922, there have been 29 @entity0 reports concerning the results of transcranial canalicular decompression for non-traumatic causes. The most common diagnosis was @entity4 (15), and other @entity1 diagnoses were @entity2 (7) and @entity6 (2). One-third of the @entity0 were improved; one-third had vision stabilized; and one-third were made worse by surgery. Modern techniques with the @entity7 and high speed drill have greatly improved these results. Our own experience in the decompression of 15 canals in 11 @entity0 is as follows. There were six @entity0 with @entity4 , and two were bilateral. Three @entity0 were found to have a vascular dolichoectasis and one @entity0 had an @entity6 , and in two @entity0 no compression was identified. Immediately postoperatively, two-thirds of the @entity0 were improved, and only one eye (representing 6.7% of the nerves decompressed) was worsened. This resulted from an attempt to totally remove an adherent @entity4 . Long-term follow-up median 34 months has demonstrated maintenance of these gains. Eighty percent of the @entity0 have improved or remained stable. These data indicate that the procedure described can be done safely without major risk of @entity3 . The neurosurgeon should play an increasingly important role in the evaluation and therapy of posteriorly placed @entity1 and unexplained @entity5 .

title: Neurosurgical involvement in XXXX of the orbit.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previous studies in gerbils have shown that cytoskeletal disruption and a loss of the dendritic microtubule-associated protein, @entity5 , may occur after short periods of transient global @entity1 . tau, a predominantly axonal microtubule-associated protein, has not been examined following @entity1 . We compared neuronal damage with alterations in @entity5 , tau, and 72-kD @entity4 ( @entity6 ) immunostaining at various reperfusion times following 20 min of @entity1 in the @entity0 four-vessel occlusion model. tau accumulated in neuronal cell bodies throughout the hippocampal formation 30 min to 2 h after the @entity1 insult. Perikaryal tau immunostaining was transient in most regions, but persisted in polymorphic hilar neurons. This was accompanied by a loss of immunostaining in the target of many hilar neurons, the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The same neuronal populations that exhibited increased tau immunostaining of perikarya later displayed an induction of @entity6 immunoreactivity. In contrast, loss of @entity5 immunostaining was not consistently observed before @entity2 and did not correspond to @entity6 induction. The altered tau immunostaining is not the direct result of excitotoxic insult, as intrahippocampal injection of @entity3 did not cause the somal accumulation of tau, but did cause disruption of @entity5 immunostaining. Taken together, the results suggest that the somal accumulation of tau is an early, sensitive, and selective marker of @entity1 insult.

title: Alterations in tau immunostaining in the XXXX hippocampus following transient cerebral ischemia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evaluation of myocardial function is clinically challenging in @entity3 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Although @entity4 is caused by pathologic degeneration, histopathologic progression is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: To characterize myocardial and pulmonary pathologic changes according to severity in @entity3 with naturally occurring @entity2 , and to investigate whether or not pathologic degeneration is reflected by traditional clinical indices. ANIMALS: One hundred and seventeen @entity3 with naturally occurring @entity2 . METHODS: Prospective observational study. Biopsied left atrium (LA), left ventricle (LV), and lung were evaluated histologically, and an attempt was made to correlate pathologic findings with clinical indices. RESULTS: Severe myocardial changes were observed in all International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council classes. In the lung, @entity5 cell levels were significantly increased in class III @entity0 (P  <  .0001). In a paired comparison, the LA showed significantly more severe degeneration than the LV, including myocardial fatty replacement, immune cell infiltration, and interstitial @entity1 (P  <  .0001). In contrast, myocardial cells were more hypertrophied in the LV than in the LA (P  <  .0001). Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd) was associated with fatty replacement (P  =  .033, R(2)   =  0.584) and myocardial vacuolization (P  =  .003, R(2)   =  0.588) in the LA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: In @entity2 , although severe pathologic changes may be evident even in early stages, there may be pathologic discrepancy between the LA and the LV. @entity4 may be reflected by clinical indices such as LVEDd and EF.

title: Pathologic Manifestations on Surgical Biopsy and Their Correlation with Clinical Indices in XXXX with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity8 and @entity7 are the 2 best-known members of the class of hypolipidaemic agents known as @entity9 inhibitors. Clinical experience with @entity8 includes over 5000 @entity0 , 700 of whom have been treated for 2 years or more, and experience with @entity7 includes over 3500 @entity0 , of whom 350 have been treated for 18 months or more. @entity8 has been marketed in the United States for over 6 months. Both agents show substantial clinical efficacy, with reductions in total @entity2 of over 30% and in LDL- @entity2 of 40% in clinical studies. Modest increases in HDL- @entity2 levels of about 10% are also reported. Clinical tolerability of both agents has been good, with fewer than 3% of @entity0 withdrawn from treatment because of clinical adverse experiences. Ophthalmological examinations in over 1100 @entity0 treated with one or the other agent have revealed no evidence of significant short term (up to 2 years) cataractogenic potential. One to 2% of @entity0 have elevations of serum transaminases to greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal. These episodes are asymptomatic and reversible when therapy is discontinued. Minor elevations of @entity5 kinase levels are reported in about 5% of @entity0 . @entity1 , associated in some cases with @entity11 , and in 2 cases with transient @entity3 , has been rarely reported with @entity8 , especially in @entity0 concomitantly treated with @entity4 , @entity10 or @entity6 . @entity8 and @entity7 are both effective and well-tolerated agents for lowering elevated levels of serum @entity2 . As wider use confirms their safety profile, they will gain increasing importance in the therapeutic approach to hypercholesterolaemia and its consequences.

title: XXXX inhibitors. Current clinical experience.

answer: @entity9


abstract: To examine developmental changes in the LH response to @entity1 , eight neonatally ovariectomized monkeys received repeated injections (sc) of 50 micrograms/kg @entity2 (EB) at approximately 4-month intervals starting at age 8-12 months and ending at 49-52 months. Serum samples were obtained 24 before and 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 94, 108, and 120 h after each EB injection. Serum LH and @entity0 levels were measured by RIA. The baseline LH level before EB injection during the prepubertal period (greater than 20 months of age) was 14.4 +/- 2.2 ng/ml, and it increased progressively to 115.3 +/- 13.5 ng/ml at 41-44 months, the age shortly before the first ovulation in our intact colony animals, then declined slightly. EB first induced a typical LH response, which consisted of a negative phase (suppression) followed by a positive phase (surge), at the average age of 29.3 +/- 1.9 months (n = 8). This is similar to the age of menarche in our colony animals. The baseline LH level before EB injection at the time of the first typical response (with negative and positive phases) was 36.7 +/- 6.7 ng/ml, a level 2.5 times higher than that of the prepubertal age. The magnitude of LH suppression by EB was significantly correlated with the baseline level of LH; the higher the baseline LH before EB injection, the greater the degree of LH decrease (r = 0.968; P less than 0.001). Similarly, the amplitude of the LH peak from the trough of the negative phase was significantly correlated with the baseline LH; the higher the LH level before EB injection, the higher the LH increase (r = 0.863; P less than 0.001). The latency to the LH peak was shortest when baseline LH was highest; the peak latency (34.4 +/- 1.6 h) of the LH surge at 41-44 months of age was significantly shorter than the latency (46.5 +/- 2.7 h) of the first LH response occurring at 29.3 +/- 1.9 months of age (P less than 0.001). Finally, the pattern of circulating levels of @entity0 after EB injection did not differ across the developmental stages examined. These results are interpreted to mean that an increase in LH release, presumably LHRH release, starts at the onset of puberty and continues until the age of first ovulation, and that the levels of LHRH release during the pubertal period may determine the effectiveness of @entity1 on the LH surge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Developmental changes in the positive feedback effect of XXXX on luteinizing hormone release in ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate femoral head bone viability following free vascularized fibular grafting (FVFG) for @entity2 using SPECT/CT imaging. METHODS: Ten hips (9 @entity0 ) with @entity2 of the femoral head (ONFH) undergoing FVFG were prospectively enrolled. Four cases showed ARCO stage II, while six showed ARCO stage III. The mean age at surgery was 15.7 years (range, 13-22 years). Hip Harris Score (HHS) was measured pre- and post-operative. Bone scintigraphy with SPECT/CT was performed at 2 weeks and 6 months following surgery. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 4.0 years (range, 2-5.9 years). Mean HHS increased from 37.2 to 92.3. SPECT/CT findings revealed a progressive increase of femoral head uptake in all cases, suggesting subchondral graft bone viability. No progressive @entity1 was evidenced in radiographic evaluation at final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates FVFG's capacity for revitalizing femoral head subchondral bone grafting in @entity0 with ONFH, surgically treated following Urbaniak's technique.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2015.

title: Femoral head bone viability after free vascularized fibular grafting for XXXX : SPECT/CT study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The contractile effects of @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity1 and @entity3 were studied in jejunum of 4, 12 and 20 month-old @entity0 . The effects of age on the sensitivity and responsiveness of the jejunum to the agonists were examined using cumulative dose administration and measuring the pD2. The maximum contraction produced by the agonists and the sensitivity to barium and @entity2 were not modified by aging. In the middle-aged animals, the jejunum sensitivity to @entity1 decreased while the sensitivity to @entity3 was not statistically different from that of 4 month-old @entity0 . Since at this age (12 months) the @entity5 activity increased, the reduction in the sensitivity to @entity1 could have been due to the increase in the activity of the metabolizing enzyme. Otherwise, in the jejunum from the older animals the sensitivity for both cholinoceptor agonists, @entity1 and @entity3 , increased 5-fold when compared with the middle-aged animals. However, compared with the jejunum of 4 month-old @entity0 the sensitivity to @entity1 , to 20 month-old animals, was not altered while the sensitivity to @entity3 was increased. At this age (20 months), the jejunum @entity5 activity was increased when compared with that of 4 month-old @entity0 and was not modified when compared with that of 12 month-old @entity0 . The change in supersensitivity to cholinoceptor agonists could not have been due to an alteration in muscarinic receptor affinity, since the pA2 for @entity4 was not modified with increasing age. These results suggest that after an increase in @entity5 activity around month 12, the jejunum develops an adaptative supersensitivity to cholinoceptor agonists.

title: Age-related changes in the reactivity of the XXXX jejunum to cholinoceptor agonists.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The management of @entity2 can be challenging even to the most experienced and astute physician. The rheumatoid inflammatory process can be profound, ravaging, and unremitting, and the illness is notorious for its protean manifestations and capricious course. Moreover, the response to therapy is unpredictable, although it can be quite successful in many cases. Nevertheless, the intense @entity1 , profound disability, progressive destructive @entity3 , and negative psychological milieu that haunt @entity0 demand that something be done therapeutically. @entity2 responds best to a symphony of therapeutic modalities including drugs, rehabilitation, joint surgery, and attention to psychosocial issues. The foundation of any successful therapeutic venture is an educational program designed, however simply, to imbue the @entity0 and family with an understanding of the disease and its course and treatment, and with realistic expectations. Drug therapy is often polypharmaceutical, employing analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, both local and systemic corticosteroids, and remission-inducing drugs. Pacing of lifestyle, physical and/or occupational therapy, vocational guidance, psychological and sexual counseling, and social intervention are as much a part of modern management in @entity2 as are drugs. The extra-articular (systemic) manifestations are addressed in a variety of ways depending upon the type and severity of involvement. Although most @entity0 can be treated by their primary care physician, some may require the expertise provided by a specialist. Finally, despite the lack of a cure for @entity2 , most @entity0 respond well to treatment and return to their desired activities of daily living.

title: Modern management of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity3 ( @entity3 , MIM# 277900) is an @entity1 of @entity2 transport resulting from the defective function of a @entity2 transporting P-type ATPase. Detecting mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the @entity5 gene in Turkish pediatric @entity3 @entity0 (n=32) and controls (n=52) is the aim of this research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For screening mutations and SNPs of the @entity5 gene, sequencing was performed. RESULTS: Mutations were determined in the @entity5 gene in 23 out of the 32 pediatric @entity0 . The mutation detection rate in the @entity5 gene of the pediatric Turkish @entity3 @entity0 was 71.875%. Fifteen different mutations were determined in the @entity5 gene. These mutations were distributed throughout the @entity5 gene and were as follows: 2 deletion, 1 insertion, 3 nonsense, and 9 missense mutations. Four of these, including @entity6 (1 deletion) and @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity9 (3 missense) mutations, were detected in the Turkish @entity3 @entity0 . Eleven polymorphisms were detected in both groups. Among these, @entity10 ( @entity4 ) was reported in the @entity3 Mutation Database by our group. Nine out of the thirty-two pediatric Turkish @entity3 @entity0 had no mutations in the @entity5 gene. CONCLUSION: To find the cause of @entity3 in pediatric @entity0 who have no mutation in @entity5 , additional research is necessary.

title: Clinical and genetic analysis of pediatric @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity3 ( @entity3 , MIM# 277900) is an @entity1 of @entity2 transport resulting from the defective function of a @entity2 transporting P-type ATPase. Detecting mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the @entity5 gene in Turkish pediatric @entity3 @entity0 (n=32) and controls (n=52) is the aim of this research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For screening mutations and SNPs of the @entity5 gene, sequencing was performed. RESULTS: Mutations were determined in the @entity5 gene in 23 out of the 32 pediatric @entity0 . The mutation detection rate in the @entity5 gene of the pediatric Turkish @entity3 @entity0 was 71.875%. Fifteen different mutations were determined in the @entity5 gene. These mutations were distributed throughout the @entity5 gene and were as follows: 2 deletion, 1 insertion, 3 nonsense, and 9 missense mutations. Four of these, including @entity6 (1 deletion) and @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity9 (3 missense) mutations, were detected in the Turkish @entity3 @entity0 . Eleven polymorphisms were detected in both groups. Among these, @entity10 ( @entity4 ) was reported in the @entity3 Mutation Database by our group. Nine out of the thirty-two pediatric Turkish @entity3 @entity0 had no mutations in the @entity5 gene. CONCLUSION: To find the cause of @entity3 in pediatric @entity0 who have no mutation in @entity5 , additional research is necessary.

title: Clinical and genetic analysis of pediatric XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The erythrocyte @entity3 is a cell surface protein that binds a wide array of chemokines including @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity2 growth stimulating activity ( @entity6 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity8 (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted). This protein has also been identified as the Duffy blood group antigen, a cell surface receptor for the malarial parasite @entity7 . In the present study, we have identified a @entity3 -like binding protein in a @entity0 erythroleukemic cell line (HEL), which, based on its molecular properties, may be related to the erythrocyte @entity3 . Saturation binding studies with 125I- @entity4 revealed a single class of @entity4 binding sites in HEL cells with a KD of 7.4 +/- 1.9 nM and a receptor density of 12,818 +/- 965 binding sites/cell. In competition studies unlabeled @entity4 @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity8 were fully able to inhibit the binding of 125I- @entity4 to HEL cells. Chemical cross-linking with radiolabeled @entity4 resulted in a cross-linked species of 60 kDa in membranes from HEL cells. The labeling was specific since it was inhibited by pre-incubation with 1 microM unlabeled @entity4 or @entity6 . A monoclonal antibody (Fy6) to the @entity0 erythrocyte Duffy blood group antigen/ @entity3 blocked the binding of @entity4 and other chemokines to the HEL cell @entity3 -like binding protein. Cell membranes from HEL cells and from erythrocyte ghosts were subjected to @entity1 -PAGE and analyzed by Western blotting with anti-Fy6. The antibody bound to a molecule with a molecular mass of 50 kDa in HEL cell membranes and 40 kDa in erythrocyte ghosts. Northern blot analysis of mRNA revealed that the HEL chemokine-binding protein hybridized to a cDNA probe to the @entity9 .

title: Identification and characterization of a promiscuous chemokine-binding protein in a XXXX erythroleukemic cell line.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Comprehensive clinical studies of @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are lacking. We performed an international retrospective study on 490 @entity0 (age  <=18 years) with non-Down syndrome de novo @entity5 diagnosed from 1989 to 2009. @entity0 with @entity5 (median age 1.53 years) comprised 7.8% of @entity4 . Five-year event-free (EFS) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were 43.7%  2.7% and 49.0%  2.7%, respectively. @entity0 diagnosed in 2000-2009 were treated with higher doses of @entity3 and had better EFS (P=0.037) and @entity2 (P=0.003) than those diagnosed in 1989-1999, but outcomes of @entity0 diagnosed in 2000-2004 and 2005-2009 were similar. Transplantation in first remission did not improve survival. Cytogenetic data were available for 372 (75.9%) @entity0 : hypodiploid (n=18, 4.8%), normal karyotype (n=49, 13.2%), pseudodiploid (n=119, 32.0%), 47-50 chromosomes (n=142, 38.2%), and >50 chromosomes (n=44, 11.8%). @entity1 occurred in 195 of 372 (52.4%) @entity0 : +21 (n=106, 28.5%), +19 (n=93, 25.0%), +8 (n=77, 20.7%). Losses occurred in 65 @entity0 (17.5%): -7 (n=13, 3.5%). Common structural chromosomal aberrations were t(1;22)(p13;q13) (n=51, 13.7%) and 11q23 rearrangements (n=38, 10.2%); t(9;11)(p22;q23) occurred in 21 @entity0 . On the basis of frequency and analysis for EFS and @entity2 , @entity5 can be classified to 3 risk groups: good risk: 7p abnormalities; poor risk: normal karyotypes, -7, 9p abnormalities including t(9;11)(p22;q23)/ @entity6 -MLLT3, -13/13q-, and -15; and intermediate risk: others including t(1;22)(p13;q13)/OTT-MAL and 11q23/ @entity6 except t(9;11). Risk-based innovative therapy is needed to improve @entity0 outcomes.

title: Heterogeneous cytogenetic subgroups and outcomes in childhood XXXX : a retrospective international study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Histologic subtypes of classical @entity1 [cHL; e.g., @entity3 , mixed cellularity, @entity2 ( @entity2 )] are epidemiologically and prognostically distinctive. Therefore, unexplained, ongoing incidence rate declines for mixed cellularity and increases for @entity2 require examination. METHODS: We analyzed detailed histology-specific @entity1 incidence rates in 1992 through 2011 U.S. SEER data (n = 21,372) and reviewed a regional subset of 2007 through 2011 @entity2 pathology reports for insight into diagnostic practices. RESULTS: cHL rates were stable until 2007, then decreased for whites [annual percent change (APC) and 95% confidence interval (CI), -3.6% (-5.6% to -1.5%)]. @entity3 rates declined after 2007 by 5.9% annually, with variation by gender, age, and race/ethnicity. In 1992 through 2011, mixed cellularity rates declined [ @entity4 .0% (-4.7% to -3.3%)], whereas @entity2 rates rose [5.3% (4.5%-6.2%)] overall and in most @entity0 groups. The 2007-2011 @entity2 age-specific rates were more similar to mixed cellularity rates for 1992-1996 than 2007-2011. Trends in combined rates were minimal, supporting increasing misclassification of mixed cellularity, lymphocyte depletion, and specific @entity3 subtypes as @entity2 . Eighty-eight of 165 reviewed @entity2 pathology reports addressed classification choice. Twenty (12.1%) justified the classification, 21 (12.7%) described insufficient biopsy material, and coders missed specific subtype information for 27 (16.4%). CONCLUSION: Recent @entity3 rate declines largely represent true incidence changes. Long-term rate decreases for mixed cellularity and other less common subtypes, and increases for @entity2 (comprising    30% of cHL cases in 2011), likely reflect changes in diagnostic and/or classification practice. IMPACT: Diminishing histologic subtyping undermines future surveillance and epidemiologic study of @entity1 . Guideline-based use of excisional biopsies and more coding quality control are warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(10); 1-15.   2015 AACR.

title: Time Trends in Rates of XXXX Histologic Subtypes: True Incidence Changes or Evolving Diagnostic Practice?

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: Correct assessment of @entity2 stage is crucial for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) management. OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for local @entity3 staging and explore the influence of different imaging protocols. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from 2000 up to August 2014. We included studies that used MRI for detection of extracapsular extension (ECE; T3a), @entity1 ( @entity1 ; T3b), or overall stage T3 @entity3 , with prostatectomy as the reference standard. Methodologic quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool by two independent reviewers. Data necessary to complete 2*2 tables were obtained, and @entity0 , study, and imaging characteristics were extracted. Accuracy was reported for the most experienced or first reader. Results were pooled and plotted in summary receiver operating characteristics plots. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: A total of 75 studies (9796 @entity0 ) could be analysed. Pooled data for ECE (45 studies, 5681 @entity0 ), @entity1 (34 studies, 5677 @entity0 ), and overall stage T3 detection (38 studies, 4001 @entity0 ) showed sensitivity and specificity of 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-0.64) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.88-0.93), 0.58 (95% CI 0.47-0.68) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.95-0.97), and 0.61 (95% CI 0.54-0.67) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.85-0.91), respectively. Functional imaging in addition to T2-weighted imaging and use of higher field strengths (3 T) improved sensitivity for ECE and @entity1 . ECE sensitivity was not improved by endorectal coil use. CONCLUSIONS: MRI has high specificity but poor and heterogeneous sensitivity for local @entity3 staging. An endorectal coil showed no additional benefit for ECE detection, but slightly improved sensitivity for @entity1 detection. Higher field strengths and the use of functional imaging techniques can slightly improve sensitivity. @entity0 SUMMARY: We pooled the results from all previous studies that evaluated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detection of @entity2 growth outside the prostate. MRI is not sensitive enough to find all @entity2 with extraprostatic growth.

title: Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Local Staging of XXXX : A Diagnostic Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few epidemiological studies exist on food-associated symptoms and @entity1 in large unselected @entity0 populations. AIMS: To describe the design, methods and participation rate of the South Karelian Allergy Research Project (SKARP), a population-based epidemiological study on food-associated symptoms and physician-diagnosed @entity2 . METHODS: The study population of 5,973 @entity0 born between 2001 and 2006 and resident in the province of South Karelia, Finland, was identified from the nationwide population register. The parents received a questionnaire to be returned at their @entity0 's annual visit to the @entity0 health clinic, where supplementary interviews were performed. Results of @entity1 tests (skin prick tests, immunoglobulin E antibodies and open food challenges) performed on @entity0 and non- @entity0 were collected from the relevant health care units in the area. RESULTS: Participation rates in the questionnaire study were 54% (644/1,194) among the parents of neonates and 69% (3308/4,779) among those of the @entity0 aged 1 to 4 years. Cooperation with the @entity0 health clinics and mailing of a reminder questionnaire improved participation by 8 and 10 percentage points, respectively. The final participation rate seemed to be unaffected by whether the @entity0 had or had not been tested for suspected @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A reasonably good participation rate and almost complete coverage of @entity1 tests were achieved thanks to successful cooperation with the @entity0 health clinics and test laboratories. This baseline study forms a representative database to estimate the occurrence of food-associated symptoms, physician-diagnosed @entity2 and @entity1 testing in the general population.

title: SKARP--A population-based cohort study of childhood food-associated symptoms perceived by parents and XXXX diagnosed by physicians: design, methods and participation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OmpA protein of @entity0 outer membrane can produce diffusion channels when reconstituted into proteoliposomes (Sugawara, E., and Nikaido, H. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 2507-2511). The pore size is similar to that of the classical @entity0 porins OmpF and OmpC, but the penetration rates of small solutes through the OmpA channel are about 50 times slower than that through the OmpF channel. Here we examined the possibility that only a small fraction of the OmpA molecules produces open channels. Unilamellar proteoliposomes were made so that each vesicle contained only a small number of OmpA molecules. These vesicles, containing 0.3 M @entity2 within, were fractionated on a linear iso-osmolar density gradient made of @entity2 and @entity1 . This resulted in the clear separation of vesicles not containing any open channel, staying on top of the gradient, from those containing at least one open channel, sedimenting close to the bottom. Calculation using Poisson distribution indicated that only between 2 and 3% of the OmpA molecules contained open channel. The open form is estimated to allow the diffusion of @entity3 at a rate comparable with that through the OmpF porin channel. The open and closed states were relatively stable properties of the protein. Denaturation of open form OmpA and its subsequent renaturation converted it into a nonfunctional or closed form, suggesting that the open and closed forms represent two alternative conformers of this protein.

title: OmpA protein of XXXX outer membrane occurs in open and closed channel forms.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Delayed @entity7 (DCI) is an important complication after @entity4 and appears to be associated with clot burden on CT. Quantification of @entity5 on digitized images may be a more accurate method for predicting DCI than qualitative scales. METHODS: Quantitative analysis of clot burden on CT was performed in 160 @entity4 @entity0 who were scanned within 24 hours from the symptom onset between June 25, 2005 and July 19, 2009. Cisternal plus intraventricular @entity5 volumes (CIHV) were classified into quartiles to evaluate their association with DCI. DCI was defined as @entity1 or @entity3 , or both attributable to @entity6 . RESULTS: DCI occurred in 25% of the @entity0 included (age, 55.4  14.5; male, 36.3%). Compared to the lowest quartile of CIHV (<9.6 mL), the higher quartile (9.6 mL-16.5 mL, 16.5 mL-31.0 mL, and >= 31.0 mL) was associated with a greater risk of DCI (odds ratio, 2.6, 4.1, and 6.1, respectively; P=0.01). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that quantitative CIHV performed equivalently to the modified Fisher scale. @entity0 who had DCI develop in a specific vascular territory had higher amounts of blood volume in the corresponding cisterns. @entity0 in the highest quartile of CIHV also had a higher risk of @entity2 or severe disability at 3 months (71%) compared to other groups (23%, 19%, and 40% for first, second, and third quartiles, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CIHV is a reasonable predictor for DCI and 3-month functional outcome in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Quantitative analysis of @entity5 volume for predicting delayed XXXX after @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Delayed @entity7 (DCI) is an important complication after @entity4 and appears to be associated with clot burden on CT. Quantification of @entity5 on digitized images may be a more accurate method for predicting DCI than qualitative scales. METHODS: Quantitative analysis of clot burden on CT was performed in 160 @entity4 @entity0 who were scanned within 24 hours from the symptom onset between June 25, 2005 and July 19, 2009. Cisternal plus intraventricular @entity5 volumes (CIHV) were classified into quartiles to evaluate their association with DCI. DCI was defined as @entity1 or @entity3 , or both attributable to @entity6 . RESULTS: DCI occurred in 25% of the @entity0 included (age, 55.4  14.5; male, 36.3%). Compared to the lowest quartile of CIHV (<9.6 mL), the higher quartile (9.6 mL-16.5 mL, 16.5 mL-31.0 mL, and >= 31.0 mL) was associated with a greater risk of DCI (odds ratio, 2.6, 4.1, and 6.1, respectively; P=0.01). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that quantitative CIHV performed equivalently to the modified Fisher scale. @entity0 who had DCI develop in a specific vascular territory had higher amounts of blood volume in the corresponding cisterns. @entity0 in the highest quartile of CIHV also had a higher risk of @entity2 or severe disability at 3 months (71%) compared to other groups (23%, 19%, and 40% for first, second, and third quartiles, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CIHV is a reasonable predictor for DCI and 3-month functional outcome in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Quantitative analysis of XXXX volume for predicting delayed @entity7 after @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Delayed @entity7 (DCI) is an important complication after @entity4 and appears to be associated with clot burden on CT. Quantification of @entity5 on digitized images may be a more accurate method for predicting DCI than qualitative scales. METHODS: Quantitative analysis of clot burden on CT was performed in 160 @entity4 @entity0 who were scanned within 24 hours from the symptom onset between June 25, 2005 and July 19, 2009. Cisternal plus intraventricular @entity5 volumes (CIHV) were classified into quartiles to evaluate their association with DCI. DCI was defined as @entity1 or @entity3 , or both attributable to @entity6 . RESULTS: DCI occurred in 25% of the @entity0 included (age, 55.4  14.5; male, 36.3%). Compared to the lowest quartile of CIHV (<9.6 mL), the higher quartile (9.6 mL-16.5 mL, 16.5 mL-31.0 mL, and >= 31.0 mL) was associated with a greater risk of DCI (odds ratio, 2.6, 4.1, and 6.1, respectively; P=0.01). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that quantitative CIHV performed equivalently to the modified Fisher scale. @entity0 who had DCI develop in a specific vascular territory had higher amounts of blood volume in the corresponding cisterns. @entity0 in the highest quartile of CIHV also had a higher risk of @entity2 or severe disability at 3 months (71%) compared to other groups (23%, 19%, and 40% for first, second, and third quartiles, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CIHV is a reasonable predictor for DCI and 3-month functional outcome in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Quantitative analysis of @entity5 volume for predicting delayed @entity7 after XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicate that isolated posterior cruciate @entity1 demonstrate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical evidence of healing when treated nonoperatively; however, the authors are unaware of any other study that has looked at whether initial MRI can predict posterior cruciate ligament stability at the time of surgery in @entity0 with @entity2 . HYPOTHESIS: An MRI grading system will predict laxity on posterior drawer testing at the time of surgery in @entity0 with @entity2 . STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: Forty-two consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 or multiple-ligament knee injury evaluated by MRI were included in the study. An assignment of grade 0 (intact), grade I (injured/fibers intact), grade II (partial tearing of ligament), or grade III (complete tear) was made after each reading on 2 separate occasions by 3 surgeons. Posterior laxity of the knee was graded by the magnitude of excursion on the posterior drawer test by the senior author at the time of surgery. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the MRI grading scheme expressed by the kappa statistic k, as well as the predictive value of MRI grade in determining stability of the posterior cruciate ligament at the time of surgery, was assessed. RESULTS: The posterior cruciate @entity1 grading scheme tested demonstrated moderate to substantial intraobserver agreement (k = 0.66, k = 0.53, and k = 0.52, respectively, for all raters). Interobserver reliability demonstrated only moderate agreement (k = 0.49). If the grading scheme was changed to group both grades 0 and I (intact) and grades II and III (disrupted), intraobserver reliability demonstrated substantial to almost perfect agreement (k = 0.83, k = 0.80, and k = 0.75), and interobserver reliability demonstrated substantial agreement (k = 0.70). If the posterior cruciate ligament was classified as intact (grade 0 [intact] or grade I [injured]) on initial MRI, the injured knee was judged clinically stable (tibia anterior to or flush with the femoral condyles on posterior drawer testing) at the time of surgery 98.5% (95% confidence interval, 93%-100%) of the time. When the posterior cruciate ligament was classified as disrupted (grade II [partial tear] or grade III [complete tear]), the injured knee was judged unstable (tibia posterior to the femoral condyles on posterior drawer testing) 57.5% (95% confidence interval, 40%-73%) of the time. CONCLUSION: The presented system of grading posterior cruciate @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 on initial MRI demonstrates moderate to substantial interobserver and intraobserver reliability that increases if the grading scheme is modified. An initial MRI scan read as grade I may predict stability to posterior drawer at the time of surgery. Even with MRI evidence of disruption in the posterior cruciate ligament (grade II and @entity1 ), posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may not be clinically indicated at the time of reconstruction and/or repair of other associated injuries.

title: Can magnetic resonance imaging predict posterior drawer laxity at the time of surgery in @entity0 with XXXX or multiple-ligament knee injury?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicate that isolated posterior cruciate @entity1 demonstrate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical evidence of healing when treated nonoperatively; however, the authors are unaware of any other study that has looked at whether initial MRI can predict posterior cruciate ligament stability at the time of surgery in @entity0 with @entity2 . HYPOTHESIS: An MRI grading system will predict laxity on posterior drawer testing at the time of surgery in @entity0 with @entity2 . STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: Forty-two consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 or multiple-ligament knee injury evaluated by MRI were included in the study. An assignment of grade 0 (intact), grade I (injured/fibers intact), grade II (partial tearing of ligament), or grade III (complete tear) was made after each reading on 2 separate occasions by 3 surgeons. Posterior laxity of the knee was graded by the magnitude of excursion on the posterior drawer test by the senior author at the time of surgery. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the MRI grading scheme expressed by the kappa statistic k, as well as the predictive value of MRI grade in determining stability of the posterior cruciate ligament at the time of surgery, was assessed. RESULTS: The posterior cruciate @entity1 grading scheme tested demonstrated moderate to substantial intraobserver agreement (k = 0.66, k = 0.53, and k = 0.52, respectively, for all raters). Interobserver reliability demonstrated only moderate agreement (k = 0.49). If the grading scheme was changed to group both grades 0 and I (intact) and grades II and III (disrupted), intraobserver reliability demonstrated substantial to almost perfect agreement (k = 0.83, k = 0.80, and k = 0.75), and interobserver reliability demonstrated substantial agreement (k = 0.70). If the posterior cruciate ligament was classified as intact (grade 0 [intact] or grade I [injured]) on initial MRI, the injured knee was judged clinically stable (tibia anterior to or flush with the femoral condyles on posterior drawer testing) at the time of surgery 98.5% (95% confidence interval, 93%-100%) of the time. When the posterior cruciate ligament was classified as disrupted (grade II [partial tear] or grade III [complete tear]), the injured knee was judged unstable (tibia posterior to the femoral condyles on posterior drawer testing) 57.5% (95% confidence interval, 40%-73%) of the time. CONCLUSION: The presented system of grading posterior cruciate @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 on initial MRI demonstrates moderate to substantial interobserver and intraobserver reliability that increases if the grading scheme is modified. An initial MRI scan read as grade I may predict stability to posterior drawer at the time of surgery. Even with MRI evidence of disruption in the posterior cruciate ligament (grade II and @entity1 ), posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may not be clinically indicated at the time of reconstruction and/or repair of other associated injuries.

title: Can magnetic resonance imaging predict posterior drawer laxity at the time of surgery in XXXX with @entity2 or multiple-ligament knee injury?

answer: @entity0


abstract: We measured the levels of colony-stimulating factors ( @entity4 , @entity7 and @entity6 ) and several cytokines in paired sera obtained from 51 @entity0 (33 males and 18 females; mean age: 53 years) on long-term haemodialysis (HD). The mean pre-HD @entity4 level was 22.7 +/- 21.7 pg/ml and the post-HD level was 40.3 +/- 54.4 pg/ml. The mean pre-HD @entity7 level was 2.4 times higher than normal at 1287 +/- 380 U/ml, and it increased to 1644 +/- 456 U/ml after HD (r = 0.83). @entity6 was not detectable in any of the serum samples. @entity5 was detectable in 38 pre-HD sera at a mean level of 57.1 +/- 21.8 pg/ml, but was rarely detected after HD. @entity3 was not usually detected. When the CSF levels were divided by the product of the serum total protein concentration and body weight, the post-HD value for @entity4 was almost always greater than the pre-HD value and there was an improved pre-post correlation (r = 0.69). In the transformed pairs of @entity7 level, the post-HD value did not differ much from the pre-HD value, and a strong pre-post correlation was noted (r = 0.94). These results suggest that the serum @entity4 level is not affected by @entity2 , although HD may induce an increase of @entity4 . In the case of @entity7 , however, @entity1 and/or excretion may increase the serum concentration, but it is not modulated by haemodialysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Levels of serum colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) in XXXX on long-term haemodialysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Because of the unusual anatomy of an anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva, selective cannulation of the guiding catheter in percutaneous coronary intervention for these cases is always challenging. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old Japanese @entity0 was admitted to our hospital complaining of worsening exertional @entity3 . He was suspected of having unstable @entity4 and underwent cardiac catheterization. We found a @entity2 in the mid-portion of his right coronary artery that originated from the left sinus of Valsalva. On the previous percutaneous coronary intervention, we failed to cannulate the guiding catheter to the anomalous orifice of the right coronary artery. Therefore, we decided to use the GuideLiner catheter for stable back-up support from the beginning. A 6Fr GuideLiner catheter was introduced into the right coronary artery by anchoring it coaxially with a semi-compliant balloon catheter. And we successfully deployed two drug-eluting stents by crossing over the posterior-descending artery. Final angiography demonstrated favorable dilatation of the @entity1 , and native blood flow in the right coronary artery was completely recovered. CONCLUSION: GuideLiner is a monorail-type " @entity0 " support catheter that facilitates coaxial guiding catheter engagement and an appropriate back-up force, achieving successful device delivery to target lesions in this kind of complex percutaneous coronary intervention.

title: Successful percutaneous coronary intervention with GuideLiner   catheter for XXXX in the right coronary artery with anomalous origin from the left sinus of Valsalva: a case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) induced cardioprotection has been reported to be blunted in hyperlipidemic subjects. @entity5 , via its D2 receptor signaling, appears to mimic the signaling cascade involved in myocardial preconditioning and is also involved in the inhibition of @entity2 induced mediators. The present study was designed to investigate the possible involvement of D2 receptors in IPC and to see whether @entity5 preconditioning can offer cardioprotection in hyperlipidemic @entity0 hearts. METHODS: @entity0 albino @entity0 were divided into 8 groups and fed on normal or high fat diet for 4  weeks. @entity2 was confirmed after 4  weeks by serum lipid estimations. Isolated perfused hearts were subjected to @entity1 preconditioning or @entity5 induced pharmacological preconditioning followed by 30-min @entity1 insult and 60-min reperfusion. @entity6 was administered as D2 antagonist. Coronary perfusate (basal and post- @entity1 ) was collected for the estimations of LDH ( @entity3 dehydrogenase) and CKMB ( @entity4 kinase MB). Hearts were then removed and frozen for @entity7 size measurement. RESULTS: A significant increase body weight, serum lipids except HDL was noted in high fat diet fed @entity0 , as compared to normal @entity0 . The level of LDH, CKMB in coronary effluent and @entity7 size were found to be decreased in preconditioned normal hearts, as compared to hearts treated with @entity1 reperfusion. This effect was found to be blunted in hyperlipidemic animals. @entity5 (10   M) alone and in combination with @entity1 preconditioning significantly reduced the levels of LDH, CKMB and @entity7 size in hyperlipidemic hearts, as compared to preconditioned and non-preconditioned hyperlipidemic hearts. This effect was abolished significantly by @entity6 (D2 antagonist). CONCLUSION: The present study reveals possible involvement of D2 receptors in @entity1 preconditioning and suggests that @entity5 preconditioning may offer significant cardioprotection in hyperlipidemic @entity0 hearts.

title: Preconditioning offers cardioprotection in hyperlipidemic @entity0 hearts: possible role of XXXX (D2) signaling.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) induced cardioprotection has been reported to be blunted in hyperlipidemic subjects. @entity5 , via its D2 receptor signaling, appears to mimic the signaling cascade involved in myocardial preconditioning and is also involved in the inhibition of @entity2 induced mediators. The present study was designed to investigate the possible involvement of D2 receptors in IPC and to see whether @entity5 preconditioning can offer cardioprotection in hyperlipidemic @entity0 hearts. METHODS: @entity0 albino @entity0 were divided into 8 groups and fed on normal or high fat diet for 4  weeks. @entity2 was confirmed after 4  weeks by serum lipid estimations. Isolated perfused hearts were subjected to @entity1 preconditioning or @entity5 induced pharmacological preconditioning followed by 30-min @entity1 insult and 60-min reperfusion. @entity6 was administered as D2 antagonist. Coronary perfusate (basal and post- @entity1 ) was collected for the estimations of LDH ( @entity3 dehydrogenase) and CKMB ( @entity4 kinase MB). Hearts were then removed and frozen for @entity7 size measurement. RESULTS: A significant increase body weight, serum lipids except HDL was noted in high fat diet fed @entity0 , as compared to normal @entity0 . The level of LDH, CKMB in coronary effluent and @entity7 size were found to be decreased in preconditioned normal hearts, as compared to hearts treated with @entity1 reperfusion. This effect was found to be blunted in hyperlipidemic animals. @entity5 (10   M) alone and in combination with @entity1 preconditioning significantly reduced the levels of LDH, CKMB and @entity7 size in hyperlipidemic hearts, as compared to preconditioned and non-preconditioned hyperlipidemic hearts. This effect was abolished significantly by @entity6 (D2 antagonist). CONCLUSION: The present study reveals possible involvement of D2 receptors in @entity1 preconditioning and suggests that @entity5 preconditioning may offer significant cardioprotection in hyperlipidemic @entity0 hearts.

title: Preconditioning offers cardioprotection in hyperlipidemic XXXX hearts: possible role of @entity5 (D2) signaling.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activating mutations of the @entity3 (EGFR) confer sensitivity to the @entity4 kinase inhibitors (TKi), @entity7 and @entity6 . We analysed EGFR expression, EGFR mutation status and gene expression profiles of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) to supply a rationale for EGFR targeted therapies in this disease. METHODS: Mutational analysis of EGFR TK domain (exons from 18 to 21) and immunohistochemistry for EGFR were performed on @entity1 tissues derived from radical prostatectomy from 100 @entity2 @entity0 . Gene expression profiling using oligo-microarrays was also carried out in 51 of the @entity2 samples. RESULTS: EGFR protein overexpression (EGFRhigh) was found in 36% of the @entity1 samples, and mutations were found in 13% of samples. @entity0 with EGFRhigh @entity1 experienced a significantly increased risk of biochemical relapse (hazard ratio-HR 2.52, p=0.02) compared with @entity0 with @entity1 expressing low levels of EGFR (EGFRlow). Microarray analysis did not reveal any differences in gene expression between EGFRhigh and EGFRlow @entity1 . Conversely, in EGFRhigh @entity1 , we were able to identify a 79 gene signature distinguishing mutated from non-mutated @entity1 . Additionally, 29 genes were found to be differentially expressed between mutated/EGFRhigh (n=3) and mutated/EGFRlow @entity1 (n=5). Four of the down-regulated genes, @entity11 / @entity11 , @entity9 , @entity5 and @entity10 and one of the up-regulated genes, @entity8 , are involved in @entity2 progression. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, we hypothesize that accurate definition of the EGFR status could improve prognostic stratification and we suggest a possible role for EGFR-directed therapies in @entity2 @entity0 . Having been generated in a relatively small sample of @entity0 , our results warrant confirmation in larger series.

title: @entity3 (EGFR) mutation analysis, gene expression profiling and EGFR protein expression in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activating mutations of the @entity3 (EGFR) confer sensitivity to the @entity4 kinase inhibitors (TKi), @entity7 and @entity6 . We analysed EGFR expression, EGFR mutation status and gene expression profiles of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) to supply a rationale for EGFR targeted therapies in this disease. METHODS: Mutational analysis of EGFR TK domain (exons from 18 to 21) and immunohistochemistry for EGFR were performed on @entity1 tissues derived from radical prostatectomy from 100 @entity2 @entity0 . Gene expression profiling using oligo-microarrays was also carried out in 51 of the @entity2 samples. RESULTS: EGFR protein overexpression (EGFRhigh) was found in 36% of the @entity1 samples, and mutations were found in 13% of samples. @entity0 with EGFRhigh @entity1 experienced a significantly increased risk of biochemical relapse (hazard ratio-HR 2.52, p=0.02) compared with @entity0 with @entity1 expressing low levels of EGFR (EGFRlow). Microarray analysis did not reveal any differences in gene expression between EGFRhigh and EGFRlow @entity1 . Conversely, in EGFRhigh @entity1 , we were able to identify a 79 gene signature distinguishing mutated from non-mutated @entity1 . Additionally, 29 genes were found to be differentially expressed between mutated/EGFRhigh (n=3) and mutated/EGFRlow @entity1 (n=5). Four of the down-regulated genes, @entity11 / @entity11 , @entity9 , @entity5 and @entity10 and one of the up-regulated genes, @entity8 , are involved in @entity2 progression. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, we hypothesize that accurate definition of the EGFR status could improve prognostic stratification and we suggest a possible role for EGFR-directed therapies in @entity2 @entity0 . Having been generated in a relatively small sample of @entity0 , our results warrant confirmation in larger series.

title: XXXX (EGFR) mutation analysis, gene expression profiling and EGFR protein expression in primary @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Age and sex can influence brain @entity1 levels. We studied the influence of these variables on deep gray matter magnetic susceptibilities. In 183 healthy volunteers (44.7  14.2years, range 20-69,     49%), in vivo quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) at 1.5T was performed to estimate brain @entity1 accumulation in the following regions of interest (ROIs): caudate nucleus (Cd), putamen (Pt), globus pallidus (Gp), thalamus (Th), pulvinar (Pul), red nucleus (Rn), substantia nigra (Sn) and the cerebellar dentate nuclei (Dn). We gauged the influence of age and sex on magnetic susceptibility by specifying a series of structural equation models. The distributions of susceptibility varied in degree across the structures, conforming to histologic findings (Hallgren and Sourander, 1958), with the highest degree of susceptibility in the Gp and the lowest in the Th. @entity1 increase correlated across several ROIs, which may reflect an underlying age-related process. Advanced age was associated with a particularly strong linear rise of susceptibility in the striatum. Nonlinear age trends were found in the Rn, where they were the most pronounced, followed by the Pul and Sn, while minimal nonlinear trends were observed for the Pt, Th, and Dn. Moreover, sex related variations were observed, so that @entity0 showed lower levels of susceptibility in the Sn after accounting for age. Regional susceptibility of the Pul increased linearly with age in @entity0 but exhibited a nonlinear association with age in @entity0 with a leveling off starting from midlife. @entity0 expected to be post menopause (+51years) showed lower total magnetic susceptibility in the subcortical gray matter. The current report not only is consistent with previous reports of age related variations of brain @entity1 , but also adds to the current knowledge by reporting age-related changes in less studied, smaller subcortical nuclei. This is the first in-vivo report to show lower total subcortical brain @entity1 levels selectively in @entity0 from midlife, compared to @entity0 and younger @entity0 . These results encourage further assessment of sex differences in brain @entity1 . We anticipate that age and sex are important co-factors to take into account when establishing a baseline level for differentiating pathologic neurodegeneration from healthy aging. The variations in regional susceptibility reported herein should be evaluated further using a longitudinal study design to determine within- @entity0 changes in aging.

title: Age and sex related differences in subcortical brain XXXX concentrations among healthy adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of operated newborns that had an antenatal diagnosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with those who had a late diagnosis in the postpartum period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The newborns that were operated with the diagnosis of @entity4 in our department were retrospectively recorded. The @entity0 were grouped according to the time of diagnosis; the ones who had an antenatal diagnosis were assigned to group 1, while the ones that had a diagnosis in the postpartum period were assigned to group 2. The groups were compared in terms of their pregnancy weeks at the time of birth, birth weight, additional @entity1 , the type of obstruction, the procedures that are applied, the day of operation, the time for oral feeding tolerance, the duration of hospital stay, and pre- and post-operative complications. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity4 were operated on in our department between 2009 and 2014. Eight @entity0 were male and seven @entity0 were female. There were nine @entity0 in group 1 and six @entity0 in group 2. The diagnosis was confirmed in group 1 on the first day of the postpartum period. In the subanalysis, five @entity0 had type 1 @entity4 and four had type 3 @entity4 in group 1, while five @entity0 had type 1 @entity4 and one had type 3 @entity4 in group 2. There was not any complication in group 1 in the pre-operative period, but two @entity0 had @entity2 and one had dehydration in group 2 pre-operatively. The mean operation day in the postpartum period was 2.34 (  0.5) days in group 1 and 7.17 (  2.04) in group 2. The time for the @entity0 to tolerate oral feeding in the post-operative period was 11.33 (  1.80) in group 1 and 14.83 (  2.48) in group 2. The duration of hospital stay in group 1 was 20.67 (  9.81) days and 24.66 (  4.50) days in group 2. In the post-operative period, @entity3 occured in a @entity0 in group 1 and the post-operative period was complicated with ileus in one @entity0 in group 2. No mortalities happened in both groups. CONCLUSION: The prenatal diagnosis of @entity4 affects the pre-operative complication rate, the time for the operation in the postpartum period, the duration to start post-operative oral feeding, and the duration of hospital stay, but does not affect the mortality or the morbidity.

title: The importance of antenatal diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study, we compared the clinical and immunological efficacy of nebulized corticosteroid (CS) to systemic route during treatment of moderate @entity3 in @entity0 . METHODS: In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy, prospective study, 81 @entity0 aged 12 months to 16 years experiencing @entity3 randomized into two treatment groups to receive, either; nebulized @entity8 (n  =  39, 2000  mcg/day) or oral @entity5 (n  =  41, 1  mg/kg/day). Pulmonary index scores (PIS) were assessed at admission and at 1st, 4th, 8th, 12th, 24th, 48th hours, as well as, on day 7 and peak expiratory flow (PEF) at baseline and at the 7th day. Daily symptom and medication scores were recorded for all subjects. Immunological studies included phytohemagglutinin induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells culture supernatant for cytokine responses and CD4(+) CD25(+) @entity2 (+) T regulatory cell (T reg) percentage at baseline and day 7. RESULTS: The changes in PIS and PEF were similar in both treatment groups, with a significant improvement in both values at the 7th day, when compared to baseline. In both groups, significant reductions in symptom and medication scores were observed during the treatment period with no significant difference between the groups. At day 7 of intervention, phytohemagglutinin induced @entity6 level was significantly decreased only in the nebulized group compared to baseline (p  =  0.01). Evaluation of cytokine responses by means of fold increase (stimulated (S)/unstimulated (US) ratio) revealed a significant reduction in @entity6 , @entity1 and @entity7 only in nebulized group (p  =  0.01, 0.01, 0.02; respectively). The fold increase value of @entity1 was significantly lower at 7th day in nebulized group when compared to systemic one (p  =  0.02). At 7th day, although in both treatment groups the percentage of T reg cells was suppressed, it remained significantly higher in the nebule one when compared to systemic route (p  =  0.04). CONCLUSION: In the management of moderate @entity4 , nebulized CS (2000  mcg daily) was found to be as effective as systemic route with regard to clinical improvement. In addition, immunological parameters were more in favor of nebulized route which may imply a salutary effect of local CS usage.

title: Nebulized XXXX , a viable alternative to systemic route in the management of childhood moderate @entity3 : A double-blind, double-dummy study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study, we compared the clinical and immunological efficacy of nebulized corticosteroid (CS) to systemic route during treatment of moderate @entity3 in @entity0 . METHODS: In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy, prospective study, 81 @entity0 aged 12 months to 16 years experiencing @entity3 randomized into two treatment groups to receive, either; nebulized @entity8 (n  =  39, 2000  mcg/day) or oral @entity5 (n  =  41, 1  mg/kg/day). Pulmonary index scores (PIS) were assessed at admission and at 1st, 4th, 8th, 12th, 24th, 48th hours, as well as, on day 7 and peak expiratory flow (PEF) at baseline and at the 7th day. Daily symptom and medication scores were recorded for all subjects. Immunological studies included phytohemagglutinin induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells culture supernatant for cytokine responses and CD4(+) CD25(+) @entity2 (+) T regulatory cell (T reg) percentage at baseline and day 7. RESULTS: The changes in PIS and PEF were similar in both treatment groups, with a significant improvement in both values at the 7th day, when compared to baseline. In both groups, significant reductions in symptom and medication scores were observed during the treatment period with no significant difference between the groups. At day 7 of intervention, phytohemagglutinin induced @entity6 level was significantly decreased only in the nebulized group compared to baseline (p  =  0.01). Evaluation of cytokine responses by means of fold increase (stimulated (S)/unstimulated (US) ratio) revealed a significant reduction in @entity6 , @entity1 and @entity7 only in nebulized group (p  =  0.01, 0.01, 0.02; respectively). The fold increase value of @entity1 was significantly lower at 7th day in nebulized group when compared to systemic one (p  =  0.02). At 7th day, although in both treatment groups the percentage of T reg cells was suppressed, it remained significantly higher in the nebule one when compared to systemic route (p  =  0.04). CONCLUSION: In the management of moderate @entity4 , nebulized CS (2000  mcg daily) was found to be as effective as systemic route with regard to clinical improvement. In addition, immunological parameters were more in favor of nebulized route which may imply a salutary effect of local CS usage.

title: Nebulized @entity8 , a viable alternative to systemic route in the management of childhood moderate XXXX : A double-blind, double-dummy study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Five-weekly S-1 plus @entity4 ( @entity7 ) is one of the standard first-line regimens for advanced @entity1 ( @entity1 ), proven in a Japanese phase III study. To enhance the dose intensity of @entity4 , 3-weekly S-1 plus @entity4 ( @entity6 ) was developed. @entity0 AND METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III study evaluated whether @entity6 (S-1 80 mg/m(2)/day on days 1-14 and @entity4 60 mg/m(2) on day 1) was noninferior/superior to @entity7 (S-1 80-120 mg/day on days 1-21 and @entity4 60 mg/m(2) on day 1 or 8) in terms of progression-free survival (PFS). Chemotherapy-naive @entity0 with metastatic, recurrent gastric or gastroesophageal junction @entity3 were randomized 1 : 1 to receive either @entity6 or @entity7 . The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00915382). RESULTS: Between February 2009 and January 2012, 625 @entity0 were randomized at 42 sites in Korea and Japan. With a median follow-up duration of 32.4 months (range, 13.3-48.6 months) in surviving @entity0 , @entity6 was not only noninferior but also superior to @entity7 in terms of PFS [median 5.5 versus 4.9 months; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-0.99; P = 0.0418 for superiority). There was no difference in overall survival (OS) between the groups (median 14.1 versus 13.9 months; HR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.81-1.21; P = 0.9068). In @entity0 with measurable disease, the response rates were 60% in the @entity6 arm and 50% in the @entity7 arm (P = 0.065). Both regimens were generally well tolerated, but grade 3 or higher @entity2 (19% versus 9%) and @entity5 (39% versus 9%) were more frequent in @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 is superior to @entity7 in terms of PFS. However, since the improvement in PFS was only slight and there was no difference in OS, both @entity6 and @entity7 can be recommended as first-line treatments for @entity0 with advanced @entity1 .

title: Comparison of two different S-1 plus XXXX dosing schedules as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic and/or recurrent @entity1 : a multicenter, randomized phase III trial (SOS).

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Five-weekly S-1 plus @entity4 ( @entity7 ) is one of the standard first-line regimens for advanced @entity1 ( @entity1 ), proven in a Japanese phase III study. To enhance the dose intensity of @entity4 , 3-weekly S-1 plus @entity4 ( @entity6 ) was developed. @entity0 AND METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III study evaluated whether @entity6 (S-1 80 mg/m(2)/day on days 1-14 and @entity4 60 mg/m(2) on day 1) was noninferior/superior to @entity7 (S-1 80-120 mg/day on days 1-21 and @entity4 60 mg/m(2) on day 1 or 8) in terms of progression-free survival (PFS). Chemotherapy-naive @entity0 with metastatic, recurrent gastric or gastroesophageal junction @entity3 were randomized 1 : 1 to receive either @entity6 or @entity7 . The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00915382). RESULTS: Between February 2009 and January 2012, 625 @entity0 were randomized at 42 sites in Korea and Japan. With a median follow-up duration of 32.4 months (range, 13.3-48.6 months) in surviving @entity0 , @entity6 was not only noninferior but also superior to @entity7 in terms of PFS [median 5.5 versus 4.9 months; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-0.99; P = 0.0418 for superiority). There was no difference in overall survival (OS) between the groups (median 14.1 versus 13.9 months; HR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.81-1.21; P = 0.9068). In @entity0 with measurable disease, the response rates were 60% in the @entity6 arm and 50% in the @entity7 arm (P = 0.065). Both regimens were generally well tolerated, but grade 3 or higher @entity2 (19% versus 9%) and @entity5 (39% versus 9%) were more frequent in @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 is superior to @entity7 in terms of PFS. However, since the improvement in PFS was only slight and there was no difference in OS, both @entity6 and @entity7 can be recommended as first-line treatments for @entity0 with advanced @entity1 .

title: Comparison of two different S-1 plus @entity4 dosing schedules as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic and/or recurrent XXXX : a multicenter, randomized phase III trial (SOS).

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical intervention is uncommon in chronic @entity5 . Literature largely describes single institution or international experiences. This study describes US-based chronic @entity5 surgical management. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of chronic @entity5 @entity0 in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Florida State Inpatient Database 2007-2011. @entity0 with @entity1 or @entity4 were excluded. Univariate analysis using the chi-square test. The number of readmissions, inpatient length of stay and cost using Wilcoxon's signed-rank test. Multivariate analysis of surgery by logistic regression. RESULTS: Twenty-one thousand four hundred and forty-five @entity0 with chronic @entity5 . 10.8% (2 307) underwent surgery including 1652 cholecystectomies, 564 drainage procedures and 498 pancreatectomies. Procedures decreased from 12.1% to 8.3% over time (P  <  0.001), but intervention within 3  months increased (7.2% to 8.4%; P = 0.017). 15.3% (3 278) had @entity3 and 43.4% (9 312) had @entity2 . The median numbers of admissions were 2 [interquartile range (IQR) 1,5] and 3 (IQR 2,7) among non-surgical and surgical @entity0 , respectively (P  <  0.001). Predictors of surgery were fewer co-morbidities, private insurance, and either @entity2 or @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 leads to numerous inpatient readmissions, but surgical intervention only occurs in a minority of cases. Complicated @entity0 are more likely to undergo surgery. The complexities of chronic @entity5 management warrant early multidisciplinary evaluation and ongoing consideration of surgical and non-surgical options.

title: Surgical management of chronic XXXX : current utilization in the United States.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 of unknown origin (MUO) constitutes between 5% and 10% of all noncutaneous @entity3 . An MUO is defined as a @entity2 for which the site of origin is not suggested by thorough history, physical examination, chest x-ray studies, routine blood and urine studies, and histologic evaluation. Two major groups of MUO can be defined: MUO to lymph nodes only (N1-3), and MUO to visceral sites. The prognosis may be quite good for @entity0 with MUO limited to lymph nodes in the mid to high cervical, axillary, and groin areas. However, MUO in other lymph node areas is far more serious, with the possible exception of that in @entity0 with a new syndrome, i.e., "advanced poorly differentiated @entity4 ." There is some suggestion that these @entity0 may respond to @entity7 -based combination chemotherapy. @entity0 with MUO to visceral sites have a poor prognosis. However, @entity2 from some @entity3 are sensitive to chemotherapy and a limited search for these @entity3 should be undertaken. These @entity3 include @entity6 , @entity8 , small cell @entity1 , @entity5 of the breast, ovary, endometrium, thyroid, or prostate, and possibly @entity9 . We start by reviewing the biochemical events of @entity2 that may be targets for therapy. The importance of a correct tissue diagnosis is then considered, including the role of standard histochemistry, electron microscopy, enzyme histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry. The relatively limited value of radiologic tests in localizing the primary site of origin of the @entity3 is emphasized, as well as the limited role of currently available biomarkers. We conclude by discussing the treatment of each of the subtypes of MUO.

title: XXXX of unknown origin.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Explore the long-term life situation for Swedish hemispherotomy @entity0 reporting not only @entity2 outcome but also @entity0 ' perspectives on function, quality of life (QoL) and satisfaction with the surgery. METHODS: This population based study uses prospectively collected data from the Swedish National @entity1 Surgery Register. An independent researcher interviewed @entity0 or parents, using two @entity0 oriented questionnaires. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity0 underwent hemispherotomy in Sweden after 1995 and had a five- or ten-year follow-up. At the 2-year follow-up 55% (16/29) were @entity2 -free since surgery, and 11/29 (38%) were @entity2 -free at the long term follow up. Twenty-six (90%) participated in this study. Median time to interview was 13.5 years; 9/26 (35%) were @entity2 -free then; 23% were off antiepileptic medication. In those not @entity2 -free, @entity2 were considered mild or moderate; 11% attended mainstream school and 3/12 adults lived independently. Most parents both of @entity2 -free and non @entity2 -free @entity0 reported QoL and general health to be very good/good; 73% were satisfied/very satisfied with the hemispherotomy. CONCLUSION: In this series there were more long-term recurrences than previously reported. This might be related to the lower level of function of this cohort and higher percentage of developmental aetiologies compared to other series. However, most hemispherotomy @entity0 have a good QoL in the long run and feel that the operation was worthwhile, even when it did not stop @entity2 . The majority had persisting impairments. Proxies were not very concerned about @entity2 , indicating that reduction in @entity2 frequency and/or severity may be an important gain with hemispherotomy.

title: A long-term XXXX perspective after hemispherotomy - A population based study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective   To analyze the morphological parameters of small @entity2 using two-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and to identify their relationship with @entity1 risk. Methods   Clinical and radiologic data from @entity0 with DSA-confirmed small @entity2 and who received intravascular treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Morphological parameters such as maximum height, transverse diameter, @entity3 width, and aspect ratio (AR) were compared between @entity0 with ruptured and @entity3 . Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of @entity1 risk. Results   There were no significant differences between the unruptured (n   =   40) and ruptured groups (n   =   34) with respect to maximum height (p   =   0.087) and transverse diameter (p   =   0.736). However, @entity3 width (p   =   0.006) and AR (p   <   0.001) were found to be significantly different between the groups. AR value was analyzed through the receiver operating characteristic curve, and the best AR threshold was determined to be 1.49. A stepwise multivariate analysis showed that AR was the only independent factor for @entity1 risk. Conclusion   Two-dimensional DSA could be used to determine AR, which was an independent predictor of @entity1 risk of small @entity3 . Further studies with large sample sizes are needed to validate these results.

title: Morphological Parameters of Digital Subtraction Angiography 2D Image in Rupture Risk Profile of Small XXXX : A Pilot Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity8 , an integral membrane glycoprotein expressed by many cell types, serves as the principal transmembrane hyaluronate receptor and may be a determinant of metastatic and invasive behavior in @entity2 . The expression of @entity8 in 23 @entity3 and 12 @entity10 ( @entity10 ) resection specimens and @entity3 cell lines HS746t and KATO III was examined by immunohistochemistry using the murine monoclonal antibody A3D8 on @entity4 -fixed, @entity6 -embedded tissue or cells. Western blot analysis of whole cell lysates of KATO III and @entity0 cells showed protein bands at 85 to 90 kd with KATO III cells expressing an additional band at 145 kd. In normal stomach gastric epithelium was negative. In @entity10 foveolar epithelium was focally positive, but staining did not correlate with the extent of @entity9 . In @entity2 cases intensity of staining was progressively stronger comparing intestinal metaplasia with @entity7 with @entity2 . @entity2 was invariably more strongly positive than @entity7 or @entity2 . Twelve @entity5 were weakly positive and 11 were strongly positive. The staining intensity of metastases (12 cases) was the same or weaker than the primary @entity1 . For the 12 @entity0 whose @entity2 were weakly positive, mean length of survival for the six who died was 23.3 months. Five of the 11 @entity0 whose @entity2 strongly expressed @entity8 died within the study period with a mean length of survival of 11.0 months. A key consequence of @entity8 overexpression in @entity3 may be development of the invasive phenotype and strong expression may indicate a poorer prognosis.

title: Expression of the cell adhesion molecule XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity8 , an integral membrane glycoprotein expressed by many cell types, serves as the principal transmembrane hyaluronate receptor and may be a determinant of metastatic and invasive behavior in @entity2 . The expression of @entity8 in 23 @entity3 and 12 @entity10 ( @entity10 ) resection specimens and @entity3 cell lines HS746t and KATO III was examined by immunohistochemistry using the murine monoclonal antibody A3D8 on @entity4 -fixed, @entity6 -embedded tissue or cells. Western blot analysis of whole cell lysates of KATO III and @entity0 cells showed protein bands at 85 to 90 kd with KATO III cells expressing an additional band at 145 kd. In normal stomach gastric epithelium was negative. In @entity10 foveolar epithelium was focally positive, but staining did not correlate with the extent of @entity9 . In @entity2 cases intensity of staining was progressively stronger comparing intestinal metaplasia with @entity7 with @entity2 . @entity2 was invariably more strongly positive than @entity7 or @entity2 . Twelve @entity5 were weakly positive and 11 were strongly positive. The staining intensity of metastases (12 cases) was the same or weaker than the primary @entity1 . For the 12 @entity0 whose @entity2 were weakly positive, mean length of survival for the six who died was 23.3 months. Five of the 11 @entity0 whose @entity2 strongly expressed @entity8 died within the study period with a mean length of survival of 11.0 months. A key consequence of @entity8 overexpression in @entity3 may be development of the invasive phenotype and strong expression may indicate a poorer prognosis.

title: Expression of the cell adhesion molecule @entity8 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 RNA polymerase C purified by a simple large scale method was resolved into multiple components by @entity4 - @entity3 gel electrophoresis. Specific antibodies directed against each polypeptide chain were prepared in @entity0 and used as @entity2 . With minor exceptions, each antibody recognized specifically the corresponding polypeptide by blot-immunodetection. Cross-reactions with purified RNA polymerases A and B confirmed our previous description of the subunits shared by the three nuclear RNA polymerases. Immunoadsorption of RNA polymerase C at different stages of purification using antibodies to subunits C160 and C128 yielded the same collection of polypeptides as found in the purified enzyme: C160, C128, C82, C53, C40, C37, C34, C31, C27, C25, C23, C19, C14.5, C12.5, and C10. Subunit-specific antibodies were used to probe the activity of RNA polymerase C in a specific, reconstituted transcription system as well as on a nonspecific template. Transcription of the tRNAGlu3 gene in vitro was inhibited when RNA polymerase C was preincubated with antibodies directed to C128, C82, C53, C34, C23, or C19. Antibodies to C82, C53, and C34 were much less inhibitory in the nonspecific assay. Inhibition by anti-C128 or anti-C23 was relieved by preincubation of enzyme C with plasmid DNA prior to antibody addition. These results are discussed in terms of the participation of these polypeptides to the active enzyme molecule, and of their possible role in DNA binding or transcription factor recognition.

title: XXXX RNA polymerase C and its subunits. Specific antibodies as @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 RNA polymerase C purified by a simple large scale method was resolved into multiple components by @entity4 - @entity3 gel electrophoresis. Specific antibodies directed against each polypeptide chain were prepared in @entity0 and used as @entity2 . With minor exceptions, each antibody recognized specifically the corresponding polypeptide by blot-immunodetection. Cross-reactions with purified RNA polymerases A and B confirmed our previous description of the subunits shared by the three nuclear RNA polymerases. Immunoadsorption of RNA polymerase C at different stages of purification using antibodies to subunits C160 and C128 yielded the same collection of polypeptides as found in the purified enzyme: C160, C128, C82, C53, C40, C37, C34, C31, C27, C25, C23, C19, C14.5, C12.5, and C10. Subunit-specific antibodies were used to probe the activity of RNA polymerase C in a specific, reconstituted transcription system as well as on a nonspecific template. Transcription of the tRNAGlu3 gene in vitro was inhibited when RNA polymerase C was preincubated with antibodies directed to C128, C82, C53, C34, C23, or C19. Antibodies to C82, C53, and C34 were much less inhibitory in the nonspecific assay. Inhibition by anti-C128 or anti-C23 was relieved by preincubation of enzyme C with plasmid DNA prior to antibody addition. These results are discussed in terms of the participation of these polypeptides to the active enzyme molecule, and of their possible role in DNA binding or transcription factor recognition.

title: @entity1 RNA polymerase C and its subunits. Specific antibodies as XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of pretreatment @entity3 , Gleason score, and clinical stage as predictors of the risk of seminal vesicle involvement in @entity0 with clinically localized @entity2 , and to determine the impact of excluding the seminal vesicles on the dose received by surrounding normal tissues. METHODS AND MATERIALS: An empirically derived equation combining the preoperative @entity3 and Gleason score was applied to 188 @entity0 treated with radical prostatectomy, for whom pathologic evaluation of the seminal vesicles was available. High and low risk groups for seminal vesicle involvement were defined using this equation. The observed risks of seminal vesicle involvement was compared to the predicted risk using the preoperative @entity3 , Gleason score or clinical stage alone or using the empirical equation. Dose-volume histograms for five @entity0 treated using six-field conformal radiotherapy were compared including and excluding the seminal vesicles. RESULTS: Using the empirically derived equation, a low risk group of 109 @entity0 was identified with a calculated risk of seminal vesicle involvement of < or = 13% and an observed incidence of 7.3%. Among the high risk group of 79 @entity0 , which included all @entity0 with a calculated risk > 13%, 37% had seminal vesicle involvement (p < 0.001 low vs. high risk). Twenty percent of the rectal volume received on average above 86% of the total dose for the five plans which included the seminal vesicles compared to 68% for the five plans excluding the seminal vesicles. The doses to 40% of the rectal volume were 64% and 37% if the seminal vesicles were included and excluded, respectively. The dose to the bladder and femoral heads was also decreased but to a lesser extent. CONCLUSION: The empirical formula predicts risk of seminal vesicle involvement with a higher degree of significance for a larger number of @entity0 than either Gleason score, clinical stage, or @entity3 alone. Based on an analysis of our first 100 @entity0 treated with definitive conformal therapy alone, approximately 47% of those @entity0 could have been treated excluding the seminal vesicles. Excluding the seminal vesicles may allow us to go to a higher total dose with less @entity1 .

title: Indications for and the significance of seminal vesicle irradiation during 3D conformal radiotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recently CYFRA 21-1, a new @entity2 marker measuring a fragment of @entity12 , was introduced and proved to be suitable for therapy monitoring and follow-up of @entity10 ( @entity10 ), in @entity9 . Besides CYFRA 21-1 there are two other @entity2 markers, tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS), which also measure various cytokeratins in serum. In a retrospective study we investigated the clinical significance of these three cytokeratin markers in @entity1 and in @entity3 . For this purpose we investigated the sera of 50 healthy @entity0 , 273 @entity0 with various benign diseases, 218 @entity0 with histologically proven @entity1 and 88 @entity0 with @entity3 . In a first step the specificity was established for the different reference groups and the cutoff values were fixed at a specificity of 95%. In @entity1 the single and combined sensitivities were calculated versus benign @entity6 (n = 58) as reference group. With single determinations CYFRA 21-1 proved to have the highest sensitivity in @entity1 in general (61%), in @entity10 (64%), in @entity9 (79%), in @entity7 (54%) and in @entity5 (65%). In @entity4 ( @entity4 ) NSE was confirmed to be the marker of choice (55%). With combined determinations a clear increase in sensitivity could only be reached in @entity5 (CYFRA 21-1 + @entity8 : 77%) and in @entity11 (CYFRA 21-1 + NSE: 62%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of CYFRA 21-1, TPA and TPS in @entity1 , XXXX and benign diseases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Recently CYFRA 21-1, a new @entity2 marker measuring a fragment of @entity12 , was introduced and proved to be suitable for therapy monitoring and follow-up of @entity10 ( @entity10 ), in @entity9 . Besides CYFRA 21-1 there are two other @entity2 markers, tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS), which also measure various cytokeratins in serum. In a retrospective study we investigated the clinical significance of these three cytokeratin markers in @entity1 and in @entity3 . For this purpose we investigated the sera of 50 healthy @entity0 , 273 @entity0 with various benign diseases, 218 @entity0 with histologically proven @entity1 and 88 @entity0 with @entity3 . In a first step the specificity was established for the different reference groups and the cutoff values were fixed at a specificity of 95%. In @entity1 the single and combined sensitivities were calculated versus benign @entity6 (n = 58) as reference group. With single determinations CYFRA 21-1 proved to have the highest sensitivity in @entity1 in general (61%), in @entity10 (64%), in @entity9 (79%), in @entity7 (54%) and in @entity5 (65%). In @entity4 ( @entity4 ) NSE was confirmed to be the marker of choice (55%). With combined determinations a clear increase in sensitivity could only be reached in @entity5 (CYFRA 21-1 + @entity8 : 77%) and in @entity11 (CYFRA 21-1 + NSE: 62%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of CYFRA 21-1, TPA and TPS in XXXX , @entity3 and benign diseases.

answer: @entity1