abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the clinical and biologic features of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and to determine the overall outcome with currently available treatment strategies. @entity0 AND METHODS: Of an unselected population of 635 consecutive @entity0 treated from 1975 through 1996 at 11 @entity1 centers, 341 @entity0 (54%) had primary mediastinal @entity5 , and 283 @entity0 (45%) had retroperitoneal @entity5 . Five hundred twenty-four @entity0 (83%) had a @entity8 ( @entity5 ), and 104 @entity0 (16%) had a seminomatous histology. RESULTS: After @entity2 -based induction chemotherapy with or without secondary surgery, 141 @entity0 (49%) with @entity4 (median follow-up, 19 months; range, 1 to 178 months) and 144 @entity0 (63%) with @entity7 (median follow-up, 29 months; range, 1 to 203 months) are alive (P =.0006). In contrast, the overall survival rate for @entity0 with a seminomatous @entity5 is 88%, with no difference between @entity0 with mediastinal or retroperitoneal @entity1 location (median follow-up, 49 months; range, 4 to 193 months; respective 70 months; range, 1 to 211 months). A significantly lower progression-free survival rate was found in @entity6 @entity0 treated with initial radiotherapy alone compared with chemotherapy. Nonseminomatous histology, presence of nonpulmonary visceral metastases, primary mediastinal @entity5 location, and elevated beta- @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin were independent prognostic factors for shorter survival. @entity3 (n = 17) occurred without exception in @entity0 with primary mediastinal nonseminoma. Sixteen @entity0 developed a metachronous @entity1 despite the use of @entity2 -based chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Whereas @entity0 with pure seminomatous @entity5 histology have a long-term chance of cure of almost 90% irrespective of the primary @entity1 site, 45% of @entity0 with @entity4 are alive at 5 years. This outcome is clearly inferior compared with @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: XXXX of the mediastinum and retroperitoneum: results from an international analysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a biological characteristic of most @entity1 involved in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). This disease appears to be caused by germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes, which are responsible for repairing single base-pair mismatches. At least five @entity0 genes participate in MMR. @entity3 also occurs in 10%-15% of sporadic @entity2 . Because @entity3 has been suggested as an alternative diagnostic tool for identification of @entity2 families, in this study we analyzed the @entity3 pattern in 100 consecutive @entity2 in order to correlate them with the clinicopathologic features and family histories of the @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A series of 100 @entity2 was evaluated for @entity3 with 10 polymerase chain reaction primer sets. Instability results were compared with family history and other clinical and biological characteristics. RESULTS: @entity3 was detected in 36 of 100 @entity1 , 27 of which showed low instability and nine a high instability. The low- and high-instability cases showed similar clinicopathological characteristics, and significantly positive associations were observed between @entity3 and mucinous histological type (P = 0.0001) and @entity3 and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration (P = 0.01). A single @entity2 family was identified in the high-grade @entity3 group, while two families belonged to the @entity3 -negative group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity3 screening is probably not an efficient strategy for identifying @entity2 cases. @entity3 does, however, appear capable of defining a category of @entity2 with favourable prognostic features and should be investigated at least in all cases of @entity4 .

title: The value of microsatellite instability in the detection of XXXX families and of sporadic @entity2 with special biological features: an investigation on a series of 100 consecutive cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a biological characteristic of most @entity1 involved in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). This disease appears to be caused by germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes, which are responsible for repairing single base-pair mismatches. At least five @entity0 genes participate in MMR. @entity3 also occurs in 10%-15% of sporadic @entity2 . Because @entity3 has been suggested as an alternative diagnostic tool for identification of @entity2 families, in this study we analyzed the @entity3 pattern in 100 consecutive @entity2 in order to correlate them with the clinicopathologic features and family histories of the @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A series of 100 @entity2 was evaluated for @entity3 with 10 polymerase chain reaction primer sets. Instability results were compared with family history and other clinical and biological characteristics. RESULTS: @entity3 was detected in 36 of 100 @entity1 , 27 of which showed low instability and nine a high instability. The low- and high-instability cases showed similar clinicopathological characteristics, and significantly positive associations were observed between @entity3 and mucinous histological type (P = 0.0001) and @entity3 and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration (P = 0.01). A single @entity2 family was identified in the high-grade @entity3 group, while two families belonged to the @entity3 -negative group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity3 screening is probably not an efficient strategy for identifying @entity2 cases. @entity3 does, however, appear capable of defining a category of @entity2 with favourable prognostic features and should be investigated at least in all cases of @entity4 .

title: The value of microsatellite instability in the detection of @entity2 families and of sporadic XXXX with special biological features: an investigation on a series of 100 consecutive cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the definition and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant @entity2 , its links with antibiotic prescribing, data on antibiotic prescribing and prescribing appropriateness, and evidence-based treatment guidelines for common respiratory tract syndromes. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Primary studies consist of cross-sectional surveys and case-control studies. Treatment guidelines are based on clinical trials, meta-analyses, and cohort studies. Study designs were appropriate for the specific study questions. MAIN FINDINGS: The increasing prevalence of @entity1 -resistant @entity4 is concurrent with increasing antibiotic prescribing. Individual @entity0 show a twofold to ninefold increase in nasopharyngeal carriage of resistant bacteria or invasion with resistant bacteria (among those who have received antibiotics in the preceding 3 months). Cross-sectional data as well as data from medicaid and drug databases attest to overprescribing of antibiotics for @entity3 . Physician surveys and focus groups blame this on parental pressure for antibiotic prescriptions. However, parents in focus groups and surveys deny they pressure their physicians and indicate their main purpose for office visits is to obtain a diagnosis and to seek reassurance that their @entity0 are not seriously ill. Evidence-based guidelines suggest treatment strategies that would reduce antibiotic prescribing. CONCLUSIONS: The few antibiotics that can be used with resistant organisms are expensive and are increasingly being needed. To control the rise of antibiotic resistance, it is important to limit antibiotic overprescribing.

title: Antibiotic-resistant XXXX . Implications for medical practice.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is an established first line therapy for the treatment of narrow @entity1 . The two most common etiologies of paroxysmal @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). HYPOTHESIS: We postulated that @entity2 might have different effects on the termination of @entity3 vs. @entity6 , and that these differences might assist in the noninvasive differentiation between these diagnoses. METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity0 referred for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity5 were included in the study. All @entity0 had @entity5 induced during electrophysiology testing, and each @entity0 received @entity2 during @entity5 . The @entity2 dose, time to @entity1 termination, and site of @entity1 termination were recorded. Seventeen @entity0 required @entity4 administration to initiate @entity5 . This subset of @entity0 was compared with those not requiring @entity4 . RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the @entity2 dose or time to @entity1 termination when comparing @entity0 with @entity3 with those with @entity6 . All @entity0 with @entity3 had termination of @entity1 in the antegrade direction with final activation in the atria. @entity0 requiring @entity4 for @entity1 initiation experienced @entity1 termination significantly faster than those not requiring @entity4 , although there was no difference in the dose of @entity2 required for termination. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that @entity0 with dual AV node physiology and @entity3 do not have altered sensitivity to @entity2 compared with @entity0 with @entity6 and normal AV nodes. Further investigation will be required to determine the clinical utility of the significantly shorter time to @entity1 termination for @entity0 receiving @entity4 .

title: Comparison of @entity2 effects on atrioventricular node reentry and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is an established first line therapy for the treatment of narrow @entity1 . The two most common etiologies of paroxysmal @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). HYPOTHESIS: We postulated that @entity2 might have different effects on the termination of @entity3 vs. @entity6 , and that these differences might assist in the noninvasive differentiation between these diagnoses. METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity0 referred for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity5 were included in the study. All @entity0 had @entity5 induced during electrophysiology testing, and each @entity0 received @entity2 during @entity5 . The @entity2 dose, time to @entity1 termination, and site of @entity1 termination were recorded. Seventeen @entity0 required @entity4 administration to initiate @entity5 . This subset of @entity0 was compared with those not requiring @entity4 . RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the @entity2 dose or time to @entity1 termination when comparing @entity0 with @entity3 with those with @entity6 . All @entity0 with @entity3 had termination of @entity1 in the antegrade direction with final activation in the atria. @entity0 requiring @entity4 for @entity1 initiation experienced @entity1 termination significantly faster than those not requiring @entity4 , although there was no difference in the dose of @entity2 required for termination. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that @entity0 with dual AV node physiology and @entity3 do not have altered sensitivity to @entity2 compared with @entity0 with @entity6 and normal AV nodes. Further investigation will be required to determine the clinical utility of the significantly shorter time to @entity1 termination for @entity0 receiving @entity4 .

title: Comparison of XXXX effects on atrioventricular node reentry and @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Hepatectomy for liver metastases from @entity3 has recently received general acceptance as a safe, potentially curative treatment. Most @entity0 , however, die of recurrent disease after hepatectomy. The predictive factors for recurrence after first resection of liver metastases have not yet been clarified. The authors aimed to determine the factors that can predict recurrence, especially hepatic-only recurrence after hepatectomy for @entity3 . Seventy-six @entity0 who underwent liver resection of colorectal metastases were studied retrospectively. Forty-seven (61.8%) of the @entity0 had a recurrence. The @entity0 ' disease-free survival after first hepatectomy and the second recurrence sites were univariately and multivariately analyzed using 16 clinicopathologic variables. Wall invasion, @entity4 , lymphatic invasion, venous invasion of the @entity2 , 24 months or longer disease-free interval after resection of the primary @entity3 , and bilateral liver metastases significantly influenced the disease-free survival (log-rank test: p < 0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed that venous invasion of the @entity2 and bilateral hepatic metastases were independent risk factors for recurrence after hepatectomy. The liver was the only site of second recurrence in 23 @entity0 . @entity0 with @entity4 and venous invasion of the @entity2 had a significant difference between hepatic-only and extrahepatic recurrence after first hepatectomy (chi-square test or Fishers' exact test: p < 0.05). Recurrence after hepatectomy was influenced more by factors associated with the primary @entity3 than factors surrounding the first liver metastases. @entity1 of the primary @entity3 was the most important predictable factor for hepatic-only second recurrence.

title: Analysis of predictive factors for recurrence after hepatectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We report on a @entity0 with therapy-resistant major @entity2 according to DSM-IV criteria who has been hospitalized for 60 months during the last 7 years. Not even five electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) series (61 single applications) brought lasting remission of symptoms. As @entity1 developed and prolonged postnarcotic recovery times were observed, further ECT was contraindicated. The left frontal cortex was chosen as the target site for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment. For identification, a neuronavigational system was used that allows online monitoring of the position of the magnetic coil in relation to the individual cortex. The therapeutic progress was monitored by standardized psychiatric ratings (HAMD, BDI). In addition, cognitive performance was tested during the course of treatment. Only a few rTMS applications already caused an obvious brightening in mood, remission of @entity2 , and an increase in personal interests and activities. After 4 weeks of daily treatment, the @entity0 was discharged from the ward. The rTMS treatments and psychotherapeutic counseling have been continued on an outpatient basis. Thus, pharmaco- and psychotherapeutic interventions combined with rTMS led to persistent symptom remission and social reintegration.

title: [Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the acute and long-term therapy of XXXX --a case report].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The literature linking gestational smoking to @entity2 has been very inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to reinvestigate the relation between gestational smoking and @entity3 . METHODS: This study was a retrospective cohort (N = 18,016) of live births in the TriHealth Hospital system from 1 January 1998 to 31 December 1999. The cohort included 1,943 mothers who were smokers. @entity2 were grouped into 22 different categories. Multifactorial logistic regression was used to find any association between exposure and the possible outcomes. RESULTS: Mothers who smoked were significantly younger and had babies of lower birth weight and shorter gestational age (P < .05). Of the 22 categories of @entity2 , only @entity1 showed a significant difference (P < .01) between the two groups. The remaining 21 categories of @entity2 showed no statistical difference. CONCLUSION: @entity0 who smoke during pregnancy have @entity0 that are significantly smaller and of shorter gestational age compared with mothers who do not smoke. Based on these data and findings from most of the available literature, however, gestational smoking is unlikely to cause a large @entity3 .

title: Maternal smoking and the risk of XXXX : a cohort study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: CASE REPORT: A @entity0 with extensive burns was intubated with an 8.0 mm internal diameter endotracheal tube (ETT) equipped with a subglottic suction port (Mallinckrodt HiLo Evac). The ETT was secured to a left upper molar with wire sutures throughout the hospitalization course to ensure airway stability. On the 40th day of intubation, the @entity0 exsanguinated and died from a @entity3 . Postmortem examination revealed a 1 cm lesion of the left anterior tracheal wall at the position of the ETT tip. The prolonged stationary position of the ETT was considered the primary factor responsible for the @entity1 . Yet @entity3 normally is associated with high cuff pressures rather than with the tube tip. The special ETT construction required for the subglottic suction feature was suspected to have @entity2 and may have played a contributory role. METHODS: The @entity2 of the Mallinckrodt HiLo Evac was measured with a mechanical model and compared to 5 other commercially-available ETTs. @entity2 was expressed as the force generated by the ETT tip when the tube curvature was altered by 5 cm and 10 cm of flexion from its resting position. RESULTS: The mean force exerted by the Mallinckrodt HiLo Evac was 10.1 +/- 2.8 g at 5 cm of flexion and 17.7 +/- 5.1 g at 10 cm of flexion. This was significantly greater than all other ETT brands tested (by one-way analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Kuels test, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This case of fatal @entity3 formation associated with an ETT tip was unusual because of the extended duration of endotracheal intubation and the complexity of the @entity0 's airway management problems. Our data suggest that the higher @entity2 of the HiLo Evac ETT may have contributed to @entity1 development at the tube tip. However, we do not believe that the higher @entity2 of the HiLo Evac ETT necessarily poses any greater risk than other ETTs under normal circumstances, in which the tube tip is not fixed in a stationary position for an extended period.

title: XXXX caused by the endotracheal tube tip: case report and investigation of a fatal complication of prolonged intubation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evaluation of indeterminate @entity3 by brush cytology and intraductal biopsies is limited by low sensitivity. The utility of SpyGlass peroral cholangioscopy for diagnosis of @entity1 ( @entity2 ), in particular, remains unclear. Our aim was to study the utility of SpyGlass peroral cholangioscopy and targeted biopsy for diagnosis of @entity1 and @entity2 . METHODS: In this systematic review, PubMed and Embase databases were reviewed for studies published to October 2014. The main outcomes of interest were sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of SpyGlass cholangioscopy in the diagnosis of @entity1 . RESULTS: The search yielded 10 studies involving 456 @entity0 . The pooled sensitivity and specificity of cholangioscopy-guided biopsies in the diagnosis of @entity1 was 60.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54.9%-65.2%) and 98.0% (95% CI, 96.0%-99.0%), respectively. The pooled DOR to detect @entity1 was 66.4 (95% CI, 32.1-137.5). Four studies included @entity0 who had previous negative imaging and brushings and/or intraductal biopsies. Among these 4 studies, the pooled sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of @entity1 was 74.7% (95% CI, 63.3%-84.0%) and 93.3% (95% CI, 85.1%-97.8%), respectively. The pooled DOR was 46.0 (95% CI, 15.4-138.1). Only 1 study directly compared the yield of SpyBite biopsies with standard brushings and biopsies. SpyBite biopsies had a sensitivity of 76.5% compared with brushings (5.8%) and biopsies (29.4%). Six studies specifically reported the role of cholangioscopy with targeted biopsies in the diagnosis of @entity2 . The pooled sensitivity and specificity to detect @entity2 was 66.2% (95% CI, 59.7%-72.3%) and 97.0% (95% CI, 94.0%-99.0%), respectively. The pooled DOR to detect @entity2 was 79.7 (95% CI, 32.7-194.7). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that SpyGlass cholangioscopy with SpyBite biopsies has moderate sensitivity for the diagnosis of @entity1 .

title: Single-operator cholangioscopy and targeted biopsies in the diagnosis of indeterminate XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The study aimed at studying efficacy and adverse effects of pulse @entity6 (pCyc) treatment and to compare it to continuous @entity6 (cCyc) for induction of remission in @entity8 from data in the published literature. METHODS: A Medline search identified 14 studies, containing more than five @entity0 . From the 11 non-randomized studies, data on outcome following pCyc treatment were extracted. Results were given as fraction of the number of evaluable @entity0 . A meta-analysis was performed on the three prospective, randomized controlled trials to compare outcomes concerning remission, relapses, @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity2 and @entity1 in @entity0 treated with pCyc as opposed to cCyc. RESULTS: The 11 non-randomized studies comprised 202 @entity0 receiving pCyc. Cyc pulses of 375-1000 mg/sqm/pulse were applied at weekly to monthly intervals with different concomitant prednisolone regimens and variable adjunctive therapy. Complete remission was achieved in 112/191, partial remission in 23/191 evaluable @entity0 . Relapses occurred in 68/135 @entity0 , 40/115 @entity0 were non-responders. @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity2 were rare. The meta-analysis, comprising 143 @entity0 , showed that pCyc compared with cCyc treatment was significantly less likely to fail to induce remission (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.12-0.73) and had a significantly lower risk of @entity3 (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.23-0.89) and @entity7 (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.17-0.78). Relapses occurred slightly, although not statistically significantly, more often under pCyc treatment (OR 1.79; 95% CI 0.85-3.75). There were no differences in @entity4 or @entity2 between the two regimens. CONCLUSIONS: The currently available, rather sparse data show that pCyc is less toxic than cCyc therapy and is an at least equally potent inductor of remission, but possibly at the expense of a higher relapse rate. The existing data do not give sufficient information on outcomes as time to remission and relapse, irreversible damage or quality of life without which a treatment regimen cannot satisfactorily be evaluated today. A large prospective randomized controlled trial is needed to address these issues and their relative importance.

title: The value of pulse XXXX in ANCA-associated vasculitis: meta-analysis and critical review.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 remains a significant cause of catheter loss and interrupted haemodialysis sessions. A number of regimens utilizing urokinase have been used but the optimum management of this common problem remains undetermined. METHODS: The study took place over 2 years and evaluated a protocol of urokinase infusion (25,000 U in 48 ml saline run at 4 ml/h via each limb of the catheter) followed by @entity2 for restoration of catheter patency. RESULTS: Forty-eight urokinase infusions were used for 41 episodes of @entity0 . Catheter patency was restored in 95% and only one catheter was lost. Recurrent @entity1 occurred in eight of 10 catheters not anticoagulated. Once anticoagulated, catheters worked well. Further episodes of non-function were related to a sub-therapeutic INR. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a high success rate for our protocol. We suggest an aggressive approach to the management of @entity1 with urokinase used by infusion and carefully controlled anticoagulation to maintain the INR in the range 2-2.5.

title: A protocol of urokinase infusion and XXXX for the management of the thrombosed haemodialysis catheter.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Because of their fixed lifestyle, plants must acclimate to environmental changes by orchestrating several responses ranging from protective measures to growth control. @entity2 is observed upon abiotic stress and can cause penalties to plant production. But, the molecular interface between stress perception and cell cycle control is poorly understood. The @entity1 protein RSS1 is required at G1/S transition ensuring normal dividing activity of proliferative cells during salt stress. The role of RSS1 in meristem maintenance together with its flexible protein structure implies its key function as molecular integrator of stress signaling for cell cycle control. To study further the relevance of RSS1 and its related proteins in cereals, we isolated the durum @entity3 homolog, TdRL1, from Tunisian durum @entity3 varieties and extended our analyses to RSS1-like proteins from Poaceae. Our results show that the primary sequences of TdRL1 and the Graminae RSS1-like family members are highly conserved. In silico analyses predict that TdRL1 and other RSS1-like proteins share flexible 3-D structures and have features of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The disordered structure of TdRL1 is well illustrated by an electrophoretical mobility shift of the purified protein. Moreover, heterologous expression of TdRL1 in @entity0 improves its tolerance to salt and heat stresses strongly suggesting its involvement in abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. Such finding adds new knowledge to our understanding of how IDPs may contribute as central molecular integrators of stress signaling into improving plant tolerance to abiotic stresses.

title: Molecular and functional characterization of the durum @entity3 TdRL1, a member of the conserved Poaceae RSS1-like family that exhibits features of intrinsically disordered proteins and confers stress tolerance in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Because of their fixed lifestyle, plants must acclimate to environmental changes by orchestrating several responses ranging from protective measures to growth control. @entity2 is observed upon abiotic stress and can cause penalties to plant production. But, the molecular interface between stress perception and cell cycle control is poorly understood. The @entity1 protein RSS1 is required at G1/S transition ensuring normal dividing activity of proliferative cells during salt stress. The role of RSS1 in meristem maintenance together with its flexible protein structure implies its key function as molecular integrator of stress signaling for cell cycle control. To study further the relevance of RSS1 and its related proteins in cereals, we isolated the durum @entity3 homolog, TdRL1, from Tunisian durum @entity3 varieties and extended our analyses to RSS1-like proteins from Poaceae. Our results show that the primary sequences of TdRL1 and the Graminae RSS1-like family members are highly conserved. In silico analyses predict that TdRL1 and other RSS1-like proteins share flexible 3-D structures and have features of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The disordered structure of TdRL1 is well illustrated by an electrophoretical mobility shift of the purified protein. Moreover, heterologous expression of TdRL1 in @entity0 improves its tolerance to salt and heat stresses strongly suggesting its involvement in abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. Such finding adds new knowledge to our understanding of how IDPs may contribute as central molecular integrators of stress signaling into improving plant tolerance to abiotic stresses.

title: Molecular and functional characterization of the durum XXXX TdRL1, a member of the conserved Poaceae RSS1-like family that exhibits features of intrinsically disordered proteins and confers stress tolerance in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elucidating the mechanisms of apoptosis is important for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying @entity0 . The @entity7 3 kinase (PI3-kinase)/ @entity3 pathway is essential for survival signaling in non-renal cells. However, little is known about the anti-apoptotic effect of insulin and the role of the PI3-kinase/ @entity3 pathway in mesangial cells (MC) apoptosis. METHODS: Apoptosis was induced in wild type, @entity11 ( @entity11 ) -/- and @entity8 / @entity8 ( @entity8 ) -/- @entity1 MC by survival factor withdrawal, @entity6 , ultraviolet (UV)-B irradiation and @entity2 in the presence or absence of insulin (1 micromol/L) or insulin-like growth factor-I ( @entity10 ; 100 ng/mL). The activation and levels of @entity3 , @entity12 ( @entity12 ) and specific cell cycle proteins were determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Insulin and @entity10 inhibited wild-type MC apoptosis induced by survival factor withdrawal, @entity6 , ultraviolet-B irradiation and @entity2 and in @entity11 -/- MC when apoptosis was induced by survival factor withdrawal. @entity3 was activated by insulin and @entity10 during apoptosis. Blocking PI3-kinase with @entity4 reduced @entity3 activation and abrogated the anti-apoptotic effect of insulin. @entity12 was activated during apoptosis and blocking @entity12 activation with @entity9 or @entity5 partially rescued MC from apoptosis. Moreover, insulin also suppressed @entity12 activation during apoptosis. Our results also showed that the CDK-inhibitor @entity8 was increased by insulin and that @entity8 up-regulation was PI3-kinase/ @entity3 pathway dependent. Furthermore, @entity8 -/- MC apoptosis induced by survival factor withdrawal was not rescued by insulin in contrast to the wild-type and @entity11 -/- MC. These data suggest that @entity8 may have a critical role in the anti-apoptotic effect of insulin. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin is a potent survival factor for MC in response to a number of different apoptotic triggers, and this effect is mediated through the PI3-kinase/ @entity3 pathway. Moreover, @entity12 and @entity8 may be involved in anti-apoptotic effect of insulin in MC.

title: Insulin is a potent survival factor in mesangial cells: role of the PI3-kinase/ XXXX pathway.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surfing is a popular sport in coastal areas, which can be associated with @entity1 . METHODS: Between 2008 and 2013, 6 @entity0 were referred to our hospital with @entity1 sustained during surfing. Clinical data were collected from their medical records and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: @entity0 age ranged from 35 to 52 years. Five of the 6 @entity0 were male. Four @entity0 were injured in August, and the other two were injured in September and October. Rib fractures were observed in 3 of the 6 @entity0 . The other 3 @entity0 were diagnosed with chest contusions only. Hemothorax occurred in one @entity0 . No lacerations were observed in any of the 6 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 associated with surfing are usually blunt @entity1 ; however, they may occasionally be life-threatening.

title: XXXX related to surfing.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7 is a major source of morbidity and mortality in @entity0 with advanced @entity10 . @entity11 ( @entity11 ) is an area of intense interest given its efficacy in @entity4 . However, @entity11 suffers from poor drug penetration into peritoneal @entity2 . As such, extensive cytoreductive surgery is required prior to @entity11 . Here, we explore the utility of @entity12 , a @entity2 -penetrating peptide, for improved @entity2 -specific penetration of intraperitoneal compounds and enhanced @entity11 in @entity3 . Intraperitoneally administered @entity12 significantly enhanced penetration of an attached @entity9 into disseminated peritoneal @entity2 nodules. The penetration was @entity2 -specific, circulation-independent, and mediated by the neuropilin-binding RXXK tissue-penetration peptide motif of @entity12 . Q- @entity12 , which fluoresces upon cleavage, including the one that leads to RXXK activation, specifically labeled peritoneal metastases displaying different growth patterns in @entity3 . Importantly, @entity12 enhanced intratumoral entry of intraperitoneally co-injected dextran to approximately 300% and @entity8 to 250%. Intraperitoneal @entity12 / @entity8 combination therapy inhibited the growth of bulky peritoneal @entity2 and reduced systemic @entity5 . @entity12 delivered attached @entity9 and co-applied nanoparticles deep into fresh @entity0 peritoneal @entity1 explants. These results indicate that intraperitoneal @entity12 co-administration serves as a simple and effective strategy to facilitate @entity2 detection and improve the therapeutic index of @entity11 for peritoneal @entity6 .

title: A @entity2 -penetrating peptide enhances circulation-independent targeting of peritoneal XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7 is a major source of morbidity and mortality in @entity0 with advanced @entity10 . @entity11 ( @entity11 ) is an area of intense interest given its efficacy in @entity4 . However, @entity11 suffers from poor drug penetration into peritoneal @entity2 . As such, extensive cytoreductive surgery is required prior to @entity11 . Here, we explore the utility of @entity12 , a @entity2 -penetrating peptide, for improved @entity2 -specific penetration of intraperitoneal compounds and enhanced @entity11 in @entity3 . Intraperitoneally administered @entity12 significantly enhanced penetration of an attached @entity9 into disseminated peritoneal @entity2 nodules. The penetration was @entity2 -specific, circulation-independent, and mediated by the neuropilin-binding RXXK tissue-penetration peptide motif of @entity12 . Q- @entity12 , which fluoresces upon cleavage, including the one that leads to RXXK activation, specifically labeled peritoneal metastases displaying different growth patterns in @entity3 . Importantly, @entity12 enhanced intratumoral entry of intraperitoneally co-injected dextran to approximately 300% and @entity8 to 250%. Intraperitoneal @entity12 / @entity8 combination therapy inhibited the growth of bulky peritoneal @entity2 and reduced systemic @entity5 . @entity12 delivered attached @entity9 and co-applied nanoparticles deep into fresh @entity0 peritoneal @entity1 explants. These results indicate that intraperitoneal @entity12 co-administration serves as a simple and effective strategy to facilitate @entity2 detection and improve the therapeutic index of @entity11 for peritoneal @entity6 .

title: A XXXX -penetrating peptide enhances circulation-independent targeting of peritoneal @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified several risk loci for @entity2 . Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity7 ) were associated with @entity2 with P values less than 5  *  10(-8) in GWASs. It is unclear if these associations exist in other vascular beds. Thus, we evaluated the impacts of these four SNPs on carotid artery and aortic arch @entity3 in this study. Computed tomography was applied to quantify the @entity2 and aortic arch. 860 @entity0 with @entity1 completed @entity3 quantification and genotype testing were included in data analysis. Each SNP was evaluated for the association with carotid @entity2 , and with aortic arch @entity3 using generalized linear model. Among the four tested SNPs, @entity6 was associated with @entity3 in both carotid artery (b  =  0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10-0.52, P  =  0.003) and aortic arch (b  =  0.32, 95% CI 0.10-0.54, P  =  0.004), while @entity4 was only associated with carotid @entity2 (b  =  0.28, 95% CI 0.06-0.50, P  =  0.011). In gender-stratified analyses, @entity6 had significant impacts on carotid artery (P  =  0.003) and aortic arch @entity3 (P  =  0.008) in male, but not in female @entity0 ; while @entity5 was significantly associated with carotid @entity2 in female (P  =  0.013), but not in male @entity0 . In conclusion, SNPs associated with @entity2 may also increase the risk of @entity3 in other arteries such as carotid artery and aortic arch.

title: Shared and discrepant susceptibility for carotid artery and aortic arch XXXX : A genetic association study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 who have experienced a @entity2 have a risk of recurrence, but exact information to quantify this risk is currently not available. We studied the incidence and recurrence rate of @entity2 in a subsequent pregnancy and the influence of @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective national cohort study of all singleton pregnancies that ended from 1999-2007 in the Netherlands. A longitudinal linked national cohort of these @entity0 with information on a subsequent singleton delivery was used. We calculated and compared incidence and recurrence rates of @entity2 for @entity0 in total, stratified by gestational age of first @entity2 and by the presence of a @entity1 in their first pregnancy. RESULTS: We studied 1,570,635 @entity0 of which 3496 (0.22%) experienced a @entity2 . Information was available on a subsequent singleton delivery for 264,424 deliveries. Of these, 521 @entity0 (0.20%) had a @entity2 in the first pregnancy vs 214 @entity0 (0.08%) in the second pregnancy. The risk of @entity2 in a subsequent pregnancy was significantly higher in @entity0 with a previous @entity2 compared with @entity0 without (5.8% vs 0.06%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 62-139). @entity0 with a @entity2 that occurred at term in their first pregnancy were more at risk for recurrence (aOR, 188; 95% CI, 116-306) than @entity0 with a preterm (aOR, 52; 95% CI, 25-111) or early preterm (<32 weeks of gestation) @entity2 in their first pregnancy (aOR, 39; 95% CI, 13-116). @entity2 was more frequent among @entity0 with a @entity1 compared with normotensive @entity0 (0.44% vs 0.16%; odds ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.3-3.3). @entity0 with a @entity1 were less at risk for recurrence than were normotensive @entity0 (aOR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.27-1.6). No interaction between a @entity1 in the first pregnancy and the recurrence risk was found. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with a @entity2 in their first pregnancy have a greatly increased risk of @entity2 in a subsequent pregnancy. @entity1 increase the risk of @entity2 but do not increase the recurrence rate in a subsequent pregnancy. We suggest elective induction from 37 weeks of gestation for @entity0 with a history of @entity2 at term in a previous pregnancy.

title: Incidence and recurrence rate of XXXX : a longitudinal linked national cohort study in the Netherlands.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to find out the values of the Alvarado score in diagnosis of @entity2 and its clinical applicability in our conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study performed from November 15 to January 20, 2001 included 68 @entity0 of whom 52 were operated. @entity0 were examined at the emergency department, and all received Alvarado score, whereas the surgeon made the decision if there were indications for surgery. In order to verify the diagnosis, we also used histopathological findings. RESULTS: From 52 operated @entity0 , 43 (82.7%) had Alvarado score 7 or more, which confirms the diagnosis of @entity2 , and in all these @entity0 the diagnosis was proved both intraoperatively and histopathologically. From 9 (17.2%) operated @entity0 that had score less than 7, diagnosis of @entity1 was proved in 3; in the rest 6 @entity2 was established. Alvarado score has high sensitivity of 87%, and average specificity of 60%. CONCLUSION: In diagnosis of @entity2 Alvarado score has a high diagnostic value (82.7%). Alvarado score is a noninvasive, safe diagnostic procedure, which is simple, fast, reliable and repeatable, it can be used in all conditions, without expensive and complicated supportive diagnostic methods. Alvarado score increases the diagnostic certainty of clinical examination in diagnosis of @entity2 .

title: [Validation of the Alvarado score in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 -like @entity13 attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) is a late-onset complication of brain irradiation of unknown physiopathology. Our aim was to present three @entity0 with @entity2 who had clinical and neuroimage studies suggestive of @entity4 . @entity0 : @entity0 1. A 69-year-old @entity0 , who was treated with radiation therapy 14years before her first admission to the Neurology Department, presented with several episodes of @entity1 , @entity3 , and @entity7 of left limbs with altered awareness. @entity0 2. A 49-year-old @entity0 , who was treated with whole brain radiation 20years before the onset of symptoms, developed some episodes consisting of @entity1 and @entity9 of the right side of face and right arm; the latest episodes were accompanied by @entity5 followed by generalized @entity6 . @entity0 3. A 40-year-old @entity0 , who received cranial irradiation 20years before, suffered three episodes of behavioral disturbance, @entity11 , @entity1 , and @entity5 followed by @entity10 . RESULTS: All three @entity0 @entity6 . Electroencephalography showed interictal epileptiform discharges or focal slowing. Brain magnetic resonance image (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), or ictal-single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed focal cortical hyperperfusion. Focal diffusion restriction and focal @entity12 -enhancement were observed on MRI. All @entity0 were treated with antiepileptic drugs, being effective in one of them. One @entity0 needed anesthesic @entity8 , and the other @entity0 responded to therapy with corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: Taking into account clinical evolution and ictal neuroimaging studies, @entity4 could explain the origin of these episodes in @entity2 . Although most @entity0 have reversible symptoms, in some cases, aggressive treatment to avoid sequelae is needed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled " @entity4 ".

title: Refractory @entity4 due to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 -like @entity13 attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) is a late-onset complication of brain irradiation of unknown physiopathology. Our aim was to present three @entity0 with @entity2 who had clinical and neuroimage studies suggestive of @entity4 . @entity0 : @entity0 1. A 69-year-old @entity0 , who was treated with radiation therapy 14years before her first admission to the Neurology Department, presented with several episodes of @entity1 , @entity3 , and @entity7 of left limbs with altered awareness. @entity0 2. A 49-year-old @entity0 , who was treated with whole brain radiation 20years before the onset of symptoms, developed some episodes consisting of @entity1 and @entity9 of the right side of face and right arm; the latest episodes were accompanied by @entity5 followed by generalized @entity6 . @entity0 3. A 40-year-old @entity0 , who received cranial irradiation 20years before, suffered three episodes of behavioral disturbance, @entity11 , @entity1 , and @entity5 followed by @entity10 . RESULTS: All three @entity0 @entity6 . Electroencephalography showed interictal epileptiform discharges or focal slowing. Brain magnetic resonance image (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), or ictal-single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed focal cortical hyperperfusion. Focal diffusion restriction and focal @entity12 -enhancement were observed on MRI. All @entity0 were treated with antiepileptic drugs, being effective in one of them. One @entity0 needed anesthesic @entity8 , and the other @entity0 responded to therapy with corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: Taking into account clinical evolution and ictal neuroimaging studies, @entity4 could explain the origin of these episodes in @entity2 . Although most @entity0 have reversible symptoms, in some cases, aggressive treatment to avoid sequelae is needed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled " @entity4 ".

title: Refractory XXXX due to @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Delivery of chitosan to subchondral bone is a novel approach for augmented marrow stimulation. We evaluated the effect of 3 presolidified @entity1 implant formulations on osteochondral repair progression compared with untreated defects. DESIGN: In N = 5 adult @entity0 , @entity2 -mm diameter Jamshidi biopsy holes were created bilaterally in the medial femoral condyle and treated with presolidified @entity1 implant with fluorescent chitosan tracer (10 kDa, 40 kDa, or 150k Da chitosan, left knee) or left to bleed (untreated, right knee). Implant residency and osteochondral repair were assessed at 1 day (N = 1), 3 weeks (N = 2), or 3 months (N = 2) postoperative using fluorescence microscopy, histomorphometry, stereology, and micro-computed tomography. RESULTS: Chitosan implants were retained in 89% of treated Jamshidi holes up to 3 weeks postoperative. At 3 weeks, biopsy sites were variably covered by cartilage flow, and most bone holes contained cartilage flow fragments and heterogeneous granulation tissues with sparse leukocytes, stromal cells, and occasional adipocytes (volume density 1% to 3%). After 3 months of repair, most Jamshidi bone holes were deeper, remodeling at the edges, filled with angiogenic granulation tissue, and lined with variably sized chondrogenic foci fused to bone trabeculae or actively repairing bone plate. The 150-kDa chitosan implant elicited more subchondral cartilage formation compared with 40-kDa chitosan-treated and control defects (P < 0.05, N = 4). Treated defects contained more mineralized repair tissue than control defects at 3 months (P < 0.05, N = 12). CONCLUSION: Bone plate-induced chondroinduction is an articular cartilage repair mechanism. Jamshidi biopsy repair takes longer than 3 months and can be influenced by subchondral @entity1 implant.

title: Bone-Induced Chondroinduction in XXXX Jamshidi Biopsy Defects with and without Treatment by Subchondral Chitosan-Blood Implant: 1-Day, 3-Week, and 3-Month Repair.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The new rotavirus vaccines RV5 and RV1 have been associated with small increase in intussusception risk in active vaccine surveillance studies. It is unclear what the impact might be on the overall trends of intussusception hospitalizations at a large population basis. METHODS: We conducted an ecological study of hospital discharges of @entity0 with intussusception discharge diagnosis using the @entity1 Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database (1985-2010). We measured incidence rates (IR) of intussusception hospitalizations per 100,000 births within 3 periods (1985-1997; 2000-2005; 2006-2010) related to past, pre-introduction and post-introduction of the new rotavirus vaccines. We estimated slopes of yearly IRs within each period, changes in slopes between periods and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of the mean IRs between periods. We did subgroup analyses for 5 age-subgroups. We also analyzed intussusception hospitalizations of @entity0 who also had a surgical repair and/or radiologic reduction procedure code (restricted cohort). RESULTS: We identified 6241 intussusception hospitalizations; 4696 also had pertinent procedure codes. There was an upward trend in yearly IRs during 2006-2010 (+2 excess cases per 100,000 births per year; P = 0.023); the change in slopes between 2006-2010 and 2000-2005 was +3.2 excess cases per 100,000 births per year (P = 0.052), and the IR in 2006-2010 was 10% higher than in 2000-2005 ( @entity2 : 1.10; 95% confidence intervals: 1.01-1.19). The @entity2 in 2006-2010 versus 2000-2005 for the 6-14 weeks age-subgroup was 1.90 (95% confidence intervals: 1.33-2.74). In the restricted cohort, trends were similar, though not nominally significant. CONCLUSIONS: We documented at a population-level a small increased risk in intussusception hospitalizations post-introduction of the new rotavirus vaccines.

title: Trends in Hospitalizations for Intussusception in XXXX in Relationship to the Introduction of New Rotavirus Vaccines, 1985-2010.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This retrospective study assesses the outcomes and patterns of failure in @entity0 with @entity4 metastatic to cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary site treated with combined surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. METHODS: One hundred thirty-six @entity0 with @entity4 metastatic to cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary source were treated postoperatively with radiotherapy at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson @entity1 Center between the years 1968 and 1992. Stage distribution was: N1, 31 @entity0 ; N2a, 49; N2b, 25; N2c, 3; N3, 18; and Nx, 10. Thirty-nine @entity0 had excisional biopsies only, 64 @entity0 underwent modified neck dissections, and 33 had radical neck dissections. Extracapsular extension was present in 87 cases. Fifty-nine @entity0 had multiple nodes involved. The median duration of follow-up for surviving @entity0 was 8.7 years. RESULTS: Twelve @entity0 , all with extracapsular @entity2 , developed regional relapse. The 5-year actuarial rates of regional relapse in @entity0 with and without extracapsular @entity2 were 16% and 0%, respectively (p = .004). Nine @entity0 (22%) with @entity2 and multiple nodes relapsed compared with three @entity0 (7%) with @entity2 and a solitary node (p = .02). None of the @entity0 treated with excisional biopsy and radiotherapy relapsed regionally. No statistically significant relationship between dose, treatment duration, time interval between surgery, and the start of radiotherapy and relapse was detected. The 2-, 5-, and 10-year actuarial disease-specific survival rates were 82%, 74%, and 68%, respectively. Fourteen @entity0 developed @entity1 in @entity3 ; six of these @entity1 were located in unirradiated tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Relapse occurred infrequently in @entity0 treated with excisional biopsies and postoperative radiotherapy. Extracapsular extension and multiple nodes were associated with worse regional control and disease-specific survival. These results appear consistent with those expected for @entity0 with @entity5 and a known primary site, and the absence of a primary site should not exclude @entity0 from studies aiming to improve outcomes in @entity0 with @entity3 from a head and neck @entity6 . We continue to recommend radiation to the necks and pharyngeal axis for @entity0 suspected of having residual microscopic disease following surgery for @entity4 metastatic to the neck from an unknown primary site.

title: Postoperative radiation for XXXX metastatic to cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary site: outcomes and patterns of failure.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to analyze whether there were any changes in incidence and prognosis of @entity2 diagnosed between 1960 and 1989 in Sweden. METHODS: Data of primary hypopharyngeal @entity1 reported to the Swedish @entity1 Registry were collected. The total number of cases was 2012, 1396 @entity0 and 616 @entity0 , and the end of follow-up was December 31, 1992. RESULTS: For @entity0 , a significant decrease in the age-standardized incidence (ASI) was seen, with an average decrease of 2% per year (p < .001), which was most evident in rural counties. The male @entity0 , on the contrary, showed a significant increase of about 1.5% per year (p < .001); the metropolitan areas had an ASI about twice that of more-rural areas. The 2- and 5-year overall survival was poor, only 25% and 13%, respectively. For @entity0 aged <60 years, no difference in survival between the different 10-year periods was seen, but survival for @entity0 of corresponding ages improved significantly (p < .01) during the last decade, to reach a survival similar to that in @entity0 . For @entity0 aged > or = 60 years, no difference in survival between the different periods or between sexes was seen. CONCLUSION: The increased incidence in @entity1 in @entity0 is similar to that observed for oral and @entity1 in many European countries during this period. The disappearance of @entity3 may explain the decreased incidence among @entity0 . The treatment results in @entity1 are still very poor, and improvements of the therapeutic methods are needed.

title: XXXX : analysis of incidence and survival in Sweden over a 30-year period.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the developmental outcome of neonatal survivors of @entity3 of the neonate treated with modern intrauterine transfusion techniques. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective, observational study, auditory evoked-response tests were performed in the nursery. Neurodevelopmental evaluation with the Gesell Developmental Schedules was performed between 9 and 18 months of corrected age to assess motor skills, language development, comprehension capacity, and social skills. The McCarthy Scales of @entity0 's Abilities were administered between 36 and 62 months. RESULTS: Forty @entity0 who survived severe fetal @entity3 were followed up until 62 months old. Demographic data included gestational age at first intrauterine transfusion (26.4 +/- 3.7 weeks), median number of intrauterine transfusions (4, range 1-8), lowest fetal hematocrit (20.2% +/- 7.8%), peak fetal @entity1 (7.1 +/- 2.1 mg/dL), incidence of @entity5 (45%), and mean gestational age at delivery (35.6 +/- 2.2 weeks). One case of severe @entity4 and 1 case of right spastic @entity2 were diagnosed. The Gesell Developmental Schedules score was assessed between 9 and 18 months of corrected age in 22 @entity0 . The global developmental quotient was 101.9 +/- 9.5 (mean for normal population is 100). Regression analysis revealed no correlation between the global developmental quotient and gestational age at the first intrauterine transfusion, gestational age at birth, or the severity of the fetal @entity3 (fetal hematocrit, fetal @entity1 , presence of @entity5 , total number of intrauterine transfusions, duration of neonatal phototherapy, and number of neonatal exchange transfusions). Eleven of the 40 @entity0 were followed up until they were 62 months old, and the McCarthy Scales of @entity0 's Abilities were administered. The mean cognitive index was 107.6 +/- 9.4 (90-109 is considered average). CONCLUSION: Despite severe fetal @entity3 , normal developmental outcome can be expected for @entity0 treated with intrauterine transfusions.

title: Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome after intrauterine transfusion for the treatment of fetal XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the relation between the interval from diagnosis to initiation of intravitreal injection therapy and visual outcome in neovascular age-related @entity4 (nAMD) and to report changes over time in @entity3 status. METHODS: Retrospective chart review. The study included 1185 eyes in 1099 @entity0 who began @entity2 inhibitor treatment for nAMD during four separate periods in 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2012 using a fixed loading-dose regimen of three ranibizumab injections. RESULTS: Mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation remained within the range 0.23-0.24 Snellen and the median @entity0 age within 79-80  years, whereas BCVA at first visit after the third injection increased from 0.24 to 0.31 (p  <  0.0001) in concert with a shift in preferred practice from separate-day injection to same-day injection. This led to a reduction in the median time to treatment from 16  days to 1  day. The proportion of @entity0 with @entity3 BCVA 0.05 or worse at presentation with newly diagnosed wet @entity5 in the incident eye decreased from 38% to 22% (p  <  0.0018). The proportion of bilaterally treated @entity0 increased during the study period. CONCLUSION: In this study, 2-week-earlier injection was associated with the equivalent of a 5-Early Treatment @entity1 Study letter-gain in mean visual acuity at 3  months after presentation. The difference is larger than expected from the 2-week-longer duration of disease at the study end-point. The study supports that early diagnosis and treatment of nAMD is of value for functional outcomes.

title: Visual outcomes in relation to time to treatment in neovascular age-related XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to test the hypothesis that apoptosis is a method of remodeling in second-trimester fetal heart development. We also hypothesized that hearts from fetuses with Down syndrome would have different levels of apoptosis than would control hearts, associated with their abnormal heart development. STUDY DESIGN: We obtained hearts from fetuses between 14 and 23 weeks' gestation with Down @entity1 (n = 10) and with the @entity2 (n = 5). These hearts were compared with control hearts without @entity1 (n = 5). Hearts were subjected to in situ end-labeling of deoxyribonucleic acid to test for evidence of apoptosis. The apoptotic indices were compared by anatomic location. RESULTS: Apoptotic nuclei were observed in each anatomic location in every category. The apoptotic indices were significantly lower in the atrial myocardial tissues of fetuses with Down syndrome than in control preparations (P < .05). The apoptotic index did not differ significantly in the atrial septum, ventricular myocardium, or ventricular septum. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis occurs in @entity0 fetal hearts during the second trimester. The different levels observed in our study suggest a different remodeling process in hearts of fetuses with Down syndrome than in hearts of control fetuses. Further study is needed to determine whether the different level of apoptosis associated with Down syndrome is due to the abnormal karyotype or to the presence of an @entity1 .

title: Altered apoptosis levels in hearts of XXXX fetuses with Down syndrome.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Individuals meeting the Fukuda et al definition for @entity3 completed a multidisciplinary assessment that included medical, @entity1 , behavioral, and psychological evaluations. @entity0 were then offered a comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention that included (1) bringing the @entity0 under optimal medical management; (2) treating any ongoing affective or @entity2 pharmacologically; and (3) implementing a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral treatment program. Fifty-one @entity0 proceeded to treatment. The cognitive-behavioral component was carried out through the use of a therapist working with the @entity0 in their own environments. The program was individually tailored to @entity0 , but included (1) structured physical exercise and activation; (2) sleep management strategies; (3) careful activity management; (4) regulation of stimulant intake and reductions in use of symptomatic medications; (5) cognitive intervention designed to deal with @entity0 ' beliefs concerning the nature of their disorder; (6) participation of @entity0 ' family; and (7) efforts to establish specific vocational and avocational goals. Third parties were encouraged to collaborate cooperatively. Employers were urged to provide employment opportunities and facilitate a graduated but time-targeted return to work. Disability carriers were encouraged to provide interim financial support in the form of disability benefits, support therapeutic intervention, but also to establish a clear time-frame to access to benefits. Of 51 treated @entity0 , 31 returned to gainful employment, 14 were functioning at a level equivalent to employment, and 6 remained significantly disabled. Twenty of the original 71 @entity0 were contacted an average of 33 months later. @entity0 who had been treated showed good maintenance of gains. Untreated @entity0 showed improvement in only a minority of cases.

title: An evaluation of multidisciplinary intervention for XXXX with long-term follow-up, and a comparison with untreated controls.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In recent years @entity4 histologically characterised by the presence of cortical Lewy bodies has been increasingly recognised. There is now need for a scheme for an internationally acceptable scheme for pathological diagnosis and classification so that clinical, pathological and molecular features of disease can be correlated. Recent observations made by different groups in large @entity0 series have used slightly different pathological criteria resulting in at least seven different diagnostic terms. In some @entity0 the only cortical pathology is the presence of Lewy bodies, while in the majority of @entity0 there are coexisting pathological changes which either overlap with those seen in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Cortical Lewy bodies can also be present in @entity0 who do not have any obvious @entity2 . A problem with equating studies from different groups is that different criteria have been used to define @entity3 , so that establishing the relevance of cortical Lewy bodies themselves to @entity2 and separating this from the contribution which may be related to the @entity3 pathology is problematic. The lesions which appear to be of most relevance to potential @entity2 in @entity6 are cortical Lewy bodies, Lewy-related neurites, @entity5 , @entity7 , neuronal and synaptic loss, @entity1 . It is possible to operationally classify @entity0 with @entity2 and cortical Lewy bodies into three main groups, @entity6 , @entity6 with plaques, and @entity6 with plaques and tangles. There are frequent cases which overlap these groups making operational classification difficult in practice. A descriptive classification, in which the severity of different pathological changes is rated, is easy to use in practice. As new molecular risk factors for @entity3 or @entity6 are revealed they will need to be related to morphological and clinical features. A descriptive diagnostic assessment for @entity6 will facilitate such studies and makes no judgements as to what these relationships will be.

title: Pathological diagnostic criteria for XXXX associated with cortical Lewy bodies: review and proposal for a descriptive approach.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify nosocomial @entity3 risk factors in an intensive care unit and construct a predictive model that will enable future risk-adjusted comparisons of @entity3 incidences. @entity0 AND METHODS: Prospective surveillance of @entity2 , @entity6 and @entity4 in intensive care unit @entity0 . All @entity0 (n = 944) admitted to the intensive care unit for at least 24 h were followed daily in a tertiary level hospital. Variables measuring extrinsic as well as intrinsic risk factors for @entity5 were collected from each @entity0 during their intensive care unit stay and the Cox proportional hazards multivariable technique was applied to identify the variables mostly associated with @entity3 in our hospital. RESULTS: The main risk factors identified for @entity2 were intrinsic. The hazard ratios (HR) of two extrinsic risk factors were noteworthy: mechanical ventilation (HR = 7.51; 95% CI = 2.95-19.13) and sedation (HR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.14-3.56). The extrinsic factors associated with @entity6 were, the sum of extrinsic risk factors (HR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.17-1.97) and having a tracheostomy (HR = 3.61; 95% CI = 1.99-6.56). The @entity4 were negatively associated with the administration of antibiotics prior to @entity3 onset (HR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.21-0.78) and the male sex (HR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.22-0.75). Conversely, @entity4 were positively associated with the presence of @entity1 (HR = 2.70; 95% CI = 1.03-7.11) and the APACHE II index (for every 5 units of increase of the APACHE II index, HR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.09-1.79). CONCLUSIONS: The most important risk factors identified for @entity2 and @entity4 in intensive care unit @entity0 were endogenous, whereas they were exogenous for @entity6 .

title: [Risk factors for @entity2 , XXXX , and @entity4 in an intensive care unit].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify nosocomial @entity3 risk factors in an intensive care unit and construct a predictive model that will enable future risk-adjusted comparisons of @entity3 incidences. @entity0 AND METHODS: Prospective surveillance of @entity2 , @entity6 and @entity4 in intensive care unit @entity0 . All @entity0 (n = 944) admitted to the intensive care unit for at least 24 h were followed daily in a tertiary level hospital. Variables measuring extrinsic as well as intrinsic risk factors for @entity5 were collected from each @entity0 during their intensive care unit stay and the Cox proportional hazards multivariable technique was applied to identify the variables mostly associated with @entity3 in our hospital. RESULTS: The main risk factors identified for @entity2 were intrinsic. The hazard ratios (HR) of two extrinsic risk factors were noteworthy: mechanical ventilation (HR = 7.51; 95% CI = 2.95-19.13) and sedation (HR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.14-3.56). The extrinsic factors associated with @entity6 were, the sum of extrinsic risk factors (HR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.17-1.97) and having a tracheostomy (HR = 3.61; 95% CI = 1.99-6.56). The @entity4 were negatively associated with the administration of antibiotics prior to @entity3 onset (HR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.21-0.78) and the male sex (HR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.22-0.75). Conversely, @entity4 were positively associated with the presence of @entity1 (HR = 2.70; 95% CI = 1.03-7.11) and the APACHE II index (for every 5 units of increase of the APACHE II index, HR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.09-1.79). CONCLUSIONS: The most important risk factors identified for @entity2 and @entity4 in intensive care unit @entity0 were endogenous, whereas they were exogenous for @entity6 .

title: [Risk factors for @entity2 , @entity6 , and XXXX in an intensive care unit].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify nosocomial @entity3 risk factors in an intensive care unit and construct a predictive model that will enable future risk-adjusted comparisons of @entity3 incidences. @entity0 AND METHODS: Prospective surveillance of @entity2 , @entity6 and @entity4 in intensive care unit @entity0 . All @entity0 (n = 944) admitted to the intensive care unit for at least 24 h were followed daily in a tertiary level hospital. Variables measuring extrinsic as well as intrinsic risk factors for @entity5 were collected from each @entity0 during their intensive care unit stay and the Cox proportional hazards multivariable technique was applied to identify the variables mostly associated with @entity3 in our hospital. RESULTS: The main risk factors identified for @entity2 were intrinsic. The hazard ratios (HR) of two extrinsic risk factors were noteworthy: mechanical ventilation (HR = 7.51; 95% CI = 2.95-19.13) and sedation (HR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.14-3.56). The extrinsic factors associated with @entity6 were, the sum of extrinsic risk factors (HR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.17-1.97) and having a tracheostomy (HR = 3.61; 95% CI = 1.99-6.56). The @entity4 were negatively associated with the administration of antibiotics prior to @entity3 onset (HR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.21-0.78) and the male sex (HR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.22-0.75). Conversely, @entity4 were positively associated with the presence of @entity1 (HR = 2.70; 95% CI = 1.03-7.11) and the APACHE II index (for every 5 units of increase of the APACHE II index, HR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.09-1.79). CONCLUSIONS: The most important risk factors identified for @entity2 and @entity4 in intensive care unit @entity0 were endogenous, whereas they were exogenous for @entity6 .

title: [Risk factors for XXXX , @entity6 , and @entity4 in an intensive care unit].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and immunoconjugates reactive with different antigens expressed by neoplastic cells can inhibit @entity0 growth. Use of these agents in combination with one another or with chemotherapy can exert additive or synergistic cytotoxicity against @entity0 cells. An augmented therapeutic activity with favorable therapeutic index might be attained when coexpression is observed on @entity0 cells, but not in normal tissues. In this study frozen sections of 19 @entity1 (2 stage I, 10 stage III, 2 stage IV, and 5 recurrent), as well as 29 normal tissues, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using 11 distinct MAbs against @entity3 / @entity4 antibodies against @entity2 /p170 to assess coexpression of these receptors. @entity3 / @entity4 expression was detected in 5 to 100% of @entity1 and 0 to 50% of normal @entity1 , depending on the antibody used. @entity2 /p170 expression was detected in approximately 70% of @entity0 and 40% of normal ovaries by both antibodies. Coexpression of @entity4 and p170 was observed in 47-68% of @entity1 and 9-18% of normal ovarian epithelial specimens depending upon the combination of antibodies used. Staining of 273 specimens from 29 normal tissues indicated that coexpression of @entity3 and @entity2 is rare. Normal tissues that coexpressed both receptors in > or =50% of the cases included cervix, endometrium, esophagus, skin, and prostate. These data confirm that @entity3 and @entity2 are more frequently expressed in advanced @entity1 than in normal ovarian epithelium and a significant fraction of these @entity0 coexpress both @entity3 and @entity2 .

title: Coexpression of the XXXX gene product, p185HER-2, and @entity2 , p170EGF-R, on @entity1 and normal tissues.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and immunoconjugates reactive with different antigens expressed by neoplastic cells can inhibit @entity0 growth. Use of these agents in combination with one another or with chemotherapy can exert additive or synergistic cytotoxicity against @entity0 cells. An augmented therapeutic activity with favorable therapeutic index might be attained when coexpression is observed on @entity0 cells, but not in normal tissues. In this study frozen sections of 19 @entity1 (2 stage I, 10 stage III, 2 stage IV, and 5 recurrent), as well as 29 normal tissues, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using 11 distinct MAbs against @entity3 / @entity4 antibodies against @entity2 /p170 to assess coexpression of these receptors. @entity3 / @entity4 expression was detected in 5 to 100% of @entity1 and 0 to 50% of normal @entity1 , depending on the antibody used. @entity2 /p170 expression was detected in approximately 70% of @entity0 and 40% of normal ovaries by both antibodies. Coexpression of @entity4 and p170 was observed in 47-68% of @entity1 and 9-18% of normal ovarian epithelial specimens depending upon the combination of antibodies used. Staining of 273 specimens from 29 normal tissues indicated that coexpression of @entity3 and @entity2 is rare. Normal tissues that coexpressed both receptors in > or =50% of the cases included cervix, endometrium, esophagus, skin, and prostate. These data confirm that @entity3 and @entity2 are more frequently expressed in advanced @entity1 than in normal ovarian epithelium and a significant fraction of these @entity0 coexpress both @entity3 and @entity2 .

title: Coexpression of the @entity3 gene product, p185HER-2, and XXXX , p170EGF-R, on @entity1 and normal tissues.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and immunoconjugates reactive with different antigens expressed by neoplastic cells can inhibit @entity0 growth. Use of these agents in combination with one another or with chemotherapy can exert additive or synergistic cytotoxicity against @entity0 cells. An augmented therapeutic activity with favorable therapeutic index might be attained when coexpression is observed on @entity0 cells, but not in normal tissues. In this study frozen sections of 19 @entity1 (2 stage I, 10 stage III, 2 stage IV, and 5 recurrent), as well as 29 normal tissues, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using 11 distinct MAbs against @entity3 / @entity4 antibodies against @entity2 /p170 to assess coexpression of these receptors. @entity3 / @entity4 expression was detected in 5 to 100% of @entity1 and 0 to 50% of normal @entity1 , depending on the antibody used. @entity2 /p170 expression was detected in approximately 70% of @entity0 and 40% of normal ovaries by both antibodies. Coexpression of @entity4 and p170 was observed in 47-68% of @entity1 and 9-18% of normal ovarian epithelial specimens depending upon the combination of antibodies used. Staining of 273 specimens from 29 normal tissues indicated that coexpression of @entity3 and @entity2 is rare. Normal tissues that coexpressed both receptors in > or =50% of the cases included cervix, endometrium, esophagus, skin, and prostate. These data confirm that @entity3 and @entity2 are more frequently expressed in advanced @entity1 than in normal ovarian epithelium and a significant fraction of these @entity0 coexpress both @entity3 and @entity2 .

title: Coexpression of the @entity3 gene product, p185HER-2, and @entity2 , p170EGF-R, on XXXX and normal tissues.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In @entity0 with @entity5 , a severe @entity1 is associated with a higher operative risk and to a worse late clinical outcome. However, when there is sufficient viable myocardium, surgical revascularization can improve ventricular performance and above all the functional capacity and survival of these @entity0 . OBJECTIVES: To analyze long-term results of a large series of @entity0 with an ejection fraction < or = 0.30 that underwent isolated coronary artery bypass surgery and to investigate factors, mainly clinical, that determined favorable clinical results: being that the @entity0 was alive and free of incapacitating symptoms. @entity0 AND METHODS: This series included 100 @entity0 , 93 males and 7 females, with a mean age of 62 +/- 8 years. The predominant clinical manifestation was @entity6 in 37, @entity4 in 22 and both in 41. Seventy-nine @entity0 were in functional class III or IV, and 19 had emergency surgery. RESULTS: There were 10 in-hospital deaths, 6 of which occurred in @entity0 who had emergency surgery. Mortality in the elective cases was 4.9%. Only age (p < 0.05), functional class (p < 0.05) and emergency surgery (p < 0.0001) were identified as independent predictors of early mortality. Actuarial survival rates after 5 and 8 years were 65 and 52% respectively. Long-term clinical outcome was considered favorable in 66 @entity0 . We did not find any preoperative clinical variables that were predictors of the clinical outcome. Only preoperative @entity2 correlated with a poor long-term clinical result. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with chronic and severe @entity1 secondary to @entity3 have an acceptable surgical risk when they are operated on electively, before their clinical condition deteriorates. Long-term results are satisfactory in the majority of the @entity0 . In these types of @entity0 clinical manifestations are of limited value in the selection process for surgical revascularization.

title: [Severe chronic XXXX . Determinants of surgical risk and long-term clinical outcome].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of endoscopic therapy, liver transplantation, and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) on @entity0 selection and outcome of surgical treatment for this complication of @entity3 , as reflected in a single surgeon's 18-year experience with operations for @entity5 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Definitive treatment of @entity0 who bleed from @entity3 has been progressively altered during the past 2 decades during which endoscopic therapy, liver transplantation, and @entity7 have successively become available as alternative treatment options to operative portosystemic shunts and devascularization procedures. METHODS: Two hundred sixty-three consecutive @entity0 who were surgically treated for portal @entity3 @entity5 between 1978 and 1996 were reviewed retrospectively. Four @entity8 separated by the dates when endoscopic therapy (January 1981), liver transplantation (July 1985), and @entity7 (January 1993) became available in our institution were analyzed. Throughout all four @entity8 , a selective operative approach, using the distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS), nonselective shunts, and esophagogastric devascularization, was taken. The most common indications for nonselective shunts and esophagogastric devascularization were medically intractable ascites and @entity1 , respectively. Most other @entity0 received a DSRS. RESULTS: The risk status ( @entity0 's class) of @entity0 undergoing surgery progressively improved (p = 0.001) throughout the 4 @entity8 , whereas the need for emergency surgery declined (p = 0.002). The percentage of nonselective shunts performed decreased because better options to manage acute @entity5 episodes (sclerotherapy, @entity7 ) and advanced @entity4 complicated by ascites (liver transplantation, @entity7 ) became available (p = 0.009). In all @entity8 , the operative mortality rate was directly related to @entity0 's class (A, 2.7%; B, 7.5%; and C, 26.1 %) (p = 0.001). As more good-risk @entity0 underwent operations for @entity5 , the incidence of postoperative @entity2 decreased (p = 0.015), and long-term survival improved (p = 0.012), especially since liver transplantation became available to salvage @entity0 who developed @entity6 after a prior surgical procedure. There were no differences between @entity8 with respect to rebleeding or shunt occlusion. Distal splenorenal shunts (p = 0.004) and nonselective shunts (p = 0.001) were more protective against rebleeding than was esophagogastric devascularization. CONCLUSIONS: The sequential introduction of endoscopic therapy, liver transplantation, and @entity7 has resulted in better selection and improved results with respect to quality and length of survival for @entity0 treated surgically for @entity5 . Despite these innovations, portosystemic shunts and esophagogastric devascularization remain important and effective options for selected @entity0 with @entity5 secondary to @entity3 .

title: The changing spectrum of treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity0 (pts) with interatrial septal repair (ASR) and /or multiple prior transseptal puncture (MTSP) are being referred for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) ablation. We examine the feasibility of repeat TSP in these settings. METHODS: Records were reviewed from a single center from 2001 to 2012. Criteria for MTSP was >2 priorAF ablation procedures and criteria for ASR was prior surgical or percutaneous interatrial septal repair. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) was used for all procedures. Repeat transseptal puncture (TSP) outcomes were classified as 1) routine, 2) challenging (additional tools, sheaths, multiple attempts) 3) failed, or 4) complicated (adverse event possibly related to TSP). Five hundred pts selected at random over the same time period undergoing 1(st) @entity1 without history of prior cardiac surgery were used as control. RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty-one pts met criteria (MTSP = 224; ASR = 27). TSP was routinely accomplished in majority [212 pts (95%) in MTSP; 20 pts (74%) in ASR]. In the MTSP group, the number of challenging/failed cases increased proportionately with number of prior @entity1 procedures. There were no complications in the @entity2 (1%) in MTSP. This was not different from that in the control arm [n = 6 (1%); p = ns). Pericardial effusion was the only complication seen in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the majority of pts with scarred and/or repaired IAS, repeat TSP can be routinely accomplished using ICE guidance without any other special tools. Although repeat TSP can be occasionally difficult in pts with MTSP and ASR, it can be accomplished in the majority without serious complications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Feasibility of Transseptal Access in XXXX with Previously Scarred or Repaired Inter-atrial Septum.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate factors that might influence serum @entity3 levels during intravenous @entity4 tocolytic therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-three @entity0 receiving @entity4 for @entity5 participated in this prospective, observational study. Gestational ages were 24 to 34 weeks. Four groups of @entity0 were identified according to the maintenance @entity3 infusion rate required for arresting @entity5 after 5 g of therapy induction: 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 g/h. Serum @entity3 samples were drawn after a predefined period of at least 18 hours of arrested @entity5 , at a minimum of every 6 hours. Variables examined included serum albumin; serum protein; serum ionized @entity1 ; serum @entity2 ; @entity2 clearance; 24-hour urine output; maternal height, weight, body surface area; and body mass index. RESULTS: By use of a multivariate stepwise regression model we identified four variables that independently and significantly contributed to the model: @entity3 infusion rate (P < .001); total serum protein level (P < .001); serum @entity2 level (P = .009); and maternal weight squared (P = .026). Seventy-two percent of the variance was accounted for by use of these parameters. A predictive linear model, developed to relate these factors, produced the following formula: Suggested @entity3 infusion rate = 0.89 x Serum @entity3 concentration (mg/dL) - 3.16 x Serum @entity2 (mg/dL) - 0.66 x Serum total proteins (g/dL) + 0.0001 x (maternal weight)2 (kg) + 2.30. CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity2 , serum protein, and maternal weight can be used to adjust the dose of @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity5 to achieve therapeutic serum levels of @entity3 more rapidly and safely.

title: Adjustment of @entity4 infusion rate in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate factors that might influence serum @entity3 levels during intravenous @entity4 tocolytic therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-three @entity0 receiving @entity4 for @entity5 participated in this prospective, observational study. Gestational ages were 24 to 34 weeks. Four groups of @entity0 were identified according to the maintenance @entity3 infusion rate required for arresting @entity5 after 5 g of therapy induction: 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 g/h. Serum @entity3 samples were drawn after a predefined period of at least 18 hours of arrested @entity5 , at a minimum of every 6 hours. Variables examined included serum albumin; serum protein; serum ionized @entity1 ; serum @entity2 ; @entity2 clearance; 24-hour urine output; maternal height, weight, body surface area; and body mass index. RESULTS: By use of a multivariate stepwise regression model we identified four variables that independently and significantly contributed to the model: @entity3 infusion rate (P < .001); total serum protein level (P < .001); serum @entity2 level (P = .009); and maternal weight squared (P = .026). Seventy-two percent of the variance was accounted for by use of these parameters. A predictive linear model, developed to relate these factors, produced the following formula: Suggested @entity3 infusion rate = 0.89 x Serum @entity3 concentration (mg/dL) - 3.16 x Serum @entity2 (mg/dL) - 0.66 x Serum total proteins (g/dL) + 0.0001 x (maternal weight)2 (kg) + 2.30. CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity2 , serum protein, and maternal weight can be used to adjust the dose of @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity5 to achieve therapeutic serum levels of @entity3 more rapidly and safely.

title: Adjustment of XXXX infusion rate in @entity0 with @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate factors that might influence serum @entity3 levels during intravenous @entity4 tocolytic therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-three @entity0 receiving @entity4 for @entity5 participated in this prospective, observational study. Gestational ages were 24 to 34 weeks. Four groups of @entity0 were identified according to the maintenance @entity3 infusion rate required for arresting @entity5 after 5 g of therapy induction: 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 g/h. Serum @entity3 samples were drawn after a predefined period of at least 18 hours of arrested @entity5 , at a minimum of every 6 hours. Variables examined included serum albumin; serum protein; serum ionized @entity1 ; serum @entity2 ; @entity2 clearance; 24-hour urine output; maternal height, weight, body surface area; and body mass index. RESULTS: By use of a multivariate stepwise regression model we identified four variables that independently and significantly contributed to the model: @entity3 infusion rate (P < .001); total serum protein level (P < .001); serum @entity2 level (P = .009); and maternal weight squared (P = .026). Seventy-two percent of the variance was accounted for by use of these parameters. A predictive linear model, developed to relate these factors, produced the following formula: Suggested @entity3 infusion rate = 0.89 x Serum @entity3 concentration (mg/dL) - 3.16 x Serum @entity2 (mg/dL) - 0.66 x Serum total proteins (g/dL) + 0.0001 x (maternal weight)2 (kg) + 2.30. CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity2 , serum protein, and maternal weight can be used to adjust the dose of @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity5 to achieve therapeutic serum levels of @entity3 more rapidly and safely.

title: Adjustment of @entity4 infusion rate in XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 remains the most devastating complication of surgery of the descending and thoraco-abdominal aorta. Control of the proximal @entity2 that follows cross-clamping of the thoracic aorta to repain @entity4 of the descending and thoraco-abdominal aorta is necessary to prevent @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity6 cerebral events. Both pharmacological and mechanical modalities used to control central @entity2 during @entity3 affect cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and spinal cord perfusion pressure. @entity11 (doses >5 microg/kg/min), the most widely used pharmacological agent, decreases spinal cord perfusion pressure because it increases cerebrospinal fluid pressure and decreases blood pressure distal to the aortic cross-clamp. This effect cannot be prevented by drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. @entity10 also decreases spinal cord perfusion pressure, but its effects on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics can be countered by drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. Active distal perfusion with left @entity12 bypass can provide adequate perfusion of the circulation distal to the aortic cross-clamp while simultaneously reducing cerebrospinal fluid pressure. This approach can maintain mesenteric and spinal cord blood flow, therefore preventing the @entity8 caused by release of cytokines from the splanchnic district and decreasing the incidence of postoperative @entity5 from @entity13 . In cases of limited retroperfusion, partial exsanguination and cerebrospinal fluid drainage can be used in conjunction with left @entity12 bypass to prevent rises in cerebrospinal fluid pressure and maintain spinal cord blood flow above the threshold necessary to prevent @entity0 . The use of oxygenated @entity14 in the subarachnoid space to provide passive oxygenation of the spinal cord during @entity3 remains experimental and requires further investigation.

title: Control of proximal XXXX during aortic cross-clamping: its effect on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and spinal cord perfusion pressure.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A strong relationship between @entity8 and @entity5 has been established through epidemiological, experimental, and clinical trial data. Traditional theories on the pathophysiology of this relationship involve the deposition, modification, and cellular uptake of @entity2 , and the release of inflammatory and growth factors resulting in smooth muscle cell proliferation and collagen matrix production. The vasculature has recently been found to be an active and complex organ, with the endothelium playing a controlling role in vascular tone, lipid breakdown, thrombogenesis, @entity1 , and vessel growth. In the presence of risk factors such as @entity8 , the endothelium promotes vasoconstriction, monocyte and platelet adhesion, thrombogenesis, and growth factor release. A high-fat diet also directly impairs endothelial function and @entity7 factors. @entity4 is associated with decreased availability of the predominant vasodilator @entity6 , possibly by increased destruction by @entity0 free radicals. This dysfunctional state appears before the earliest anatomic evidence of @entity5 and may represent an important initial step in its development. Several studies have shown improvements in endothelial function with @entity2 lowering in both normal individuals and those with @entity3 . Short-term improvements in endothelial-dependent vasodilation and adhesion molecule expression have also been reported with antioxidant therapy. These observations suggest that @entity5 is at least in part caused by @entity4 that favors cellular proliferation. This new understanding helps to explain the early and substantial reductions in major cardiovascular events associated with @entity2 lowering.

title: XXXX , @entity2 lowering, and endothelial function.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A strong relationship between @entity8 and @entity5 has been established through epidemiological, experimental, and clinical trial data. Traditional theories on the pathophysiology of this relationship involve the deposition, modification, and cellular uptake of @entity2 , and the release of inflammatory and growth factors resulting in smooth muscle cell proliferation and collagen matrix production. The vasculature has recently been found to be an active and complex organ, with the endothelium playing a controlling role in vascular tone, lipid breakdown, thrombogenesis, @entity1 , and vessel growth. In the presence of risk factors such as @entity8 , the endothelium promotes vasoconstriction, monocyte and platelet adhesion, thrombogenesis, and growth factor release. A high-fat diet also directly impairs endothelial function and @entity7 factors. @entity4 is associated with decreased availability of the predominant vasodilator @entity6 , possibly by increased destruction by @entity0 free radicals. This dysfunctional state appears before the earliest anatomic evidence of @entity5 and may represent an important initial step in its development. Several studies have shown improvements in endothelial function with @entity2 lowering in both normal individuals and those with @entity3 . Short-term improvements in endothelial-dependent vasodilation and adhesion molecule expression have also been reported with antioxidant therapy. These observations suggest that @entity5 is at least in part caused by @entity4 that favors cellular proliferation. This new understanding helps to explain the early and substantial reductions in major cardiovascular events associated with @entity2 lowering.

title: @entity2 , XXXX lowering, and endothelial function.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: A point mutation in coagulation factor V ( @entity6 ) is associated with increased risk for @entity1 . However, limited information is available about the prospective risk for @entity3 in specific high-risk clinical settings. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the @entity5 mutation is associated with an increased occurrence of @entity3 in @entity0 undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of plasma samples obtained during six prospective clinical trials that compared different antithrombotic prophylaxis regimens in @entity0 undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery. SETTING: Inpatients at the University of Rochester Medical Center, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton Civic Hospitals, and the Genesee Hospital. @entity0 : 825 @entity0 hospitalized for hip or knee replacement surgery. MEASUREMENTS: Venographically diagnosed postoperative @entity3 was correlated with factor V genotype. RESULTS: The @entity5 mutation was not associated with a significantly increased risk for venographically detected @entity3 . The absolute incidence of @entity3 was 31% (95% CI, 15% to 47%) in @entity0 with the mutation and 26% (CI, 22% to 29%) in @entity0 without the mutation (relative risk, 1.2 [CI, 0.6 to 2.9]). The @entity5 mutation was not significantly associated with @entity3 in subgroups of @entity0 receiving @entity4 or heparin. The incidence of clinical @entity2 was similar in @entity0 with (10%) and without (8%) the mutation. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 mutation is not a significant risk factor for @entity3 in this group of @entity0 . Current data do not justify routine preoperative screening for this mutation or intensified perioperative prophylaxis in @entity0 with the @entity5 mutation who are undergoing hip or knee joint replacement surgery and are receiving effective antithrombotic prophylaxis.

title: Relation of XXXX genotype to risk for @entity3 after joint replacement surgery.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: A point mutation in coagulation factor V ( @entity6 ) is associated with increased risk for @entity1 . However, limited information is available about the prospective risk for @entity3 in specific high-risk clinical settings. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the @entity5 mutation is associated with an increased occurrence of @entity3 in @entity0 undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of plasma samples obtained during six prospective clinical trials that compared different antithrombotic prophylaxis regimens in @entity0 undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery. SETTING: Inpatients at the University of Rochester Medical Center, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton Civic Hospitals, and the Genesee Hospital. @entity0 : 825 @entity0 hospitalized for hip or knee replacement surgery. MEASUREMENTS: Venographically diagnosed postoperative @entity3 was correlated with factor V genotype. RESULTS: The @entity5 mutation was not associated with a significantly increased risk for venographically detected @entity3 . The absolute incidence of @entity3 was 31% (95% CI, 15% to 47%) in @entity0 with the mutation and 26% (CI, 22% to 29%) in @entity0 without the mutation (relative risk, 1.2 [CI, 0.6 to 2.9]). The @entity5 mutation was not significantly associated with @entity3 in subgroups of @entity0 receiving @entity4 or heparin. The incidence of clinical @entity2 was similar in @entity0 with (10%) and without (8%) the mutation. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 mutation is not a significant risk factor for @entity3 in this group of @entity0 . Current data do not justify routine preoperative screening for this mutation or intensified perioperative prophylaxis in @entity0 with the @entity5 mutation who are undergoing hip or knee joint replacement surgery and are receiving effective antithrombotic prophylaxis.

title: Relation of @entity5 genotype to risk for XXXX after joint replacement surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The convenience and availability of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) makes it an attractive candidate for assessing right ventricle function. However, the viability of RT3DE is not conclusive. AIM OF STUDY: This study aims to evaluate RT3DE relative to cardiac magnetic resonance and 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) for measuring right ventricular systolic function in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 (n = 23) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance, 2DE, and RT3DE. Specifically, 2DE was used to measure the @entity2 ( @entity2 ), fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and tissue Doppler-derived tricuspid annular systolic velocity (S'). Cardiac magnetic resonance and RT3DE were used to measure right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) and end-systolic volume (RVESV). The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was calculated. RESULTS: Regarding the measurements taken by 2DE, @entity3 positively correlated with fractional area change (r = 0.595, P = 0.003) and S'(r = 0.489, P = 0.018), and negatively correlated with @entity2 (r = -0.745, P = 0.000). There was no association between @entity3 and TAPSE (r = -0.029, P = 0.896). There existed a close correlation between the values of RVEDV, RVESV, and @entity3 as measured by RT3DE and CMR respectively (P<0.001); Bland-Altmanan analyses showed good agreement between them. CONCLUSION: RT3DE was a viable method for noninvasive, accurate assessment of right ventricular systolic function in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography to Assess Right Ventricle Function in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The convenience and availability of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) makes it an attractive candidate for assessing right ventricle function. However, the viability of RT3DE is not conclusive. AIM OF STUDY: This study aims to evaluate RT3DE relative to cardiac magnetic resonance and 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) for measuring right ventricular systolic function in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 (n = 23) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance, 2DE, and RT3DE. Specifically, 2DE was used to measure the @entity2 ( @entity2 ), fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and tissue Doppler-derived tricuspid annular systolic velocity (S'). Cardiac magnetic resonance and RT3DE were used to measure right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) and end-systolic volume (RVESV). The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was calculated. RESULTS: Regarding the measurements taken by 2DE, @entity3 positively correlated with fractional area change (r = 0.595, P = 0.003) and S'(r = 0.489, P = 0.018), and negatively correlated with @entity2 (r = -0.745, P = 0.000). There was no association between @entity3 and TAPSE (r = -0.029, P = 0.896). There existed a close correlation between the values of RVEDV, RVESV, and @entity3 as measured by RT3DE and CMR respectively (P<0.001); Bland-Altmanan analyses showed good agreement between them. CONCLUSION: RT3DE was a viable method for noninvasive, accurate assessment of right ventricular systolic function in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography to Assess Right Ventricle Function in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Providing medical care at special events is a growing area of concern of emergency physicians. Little information has been published on events in which @entity0 outnumber spectators. We describe such an event at which the medical encounters far outnumbered any previously published report. METHODS: The California @entity1 Ride 3 bicycle ride took place June 1-8, 1996, and covered 547 miles of highway between San Francisco and Los Angeles. One hundred five volunteer staff members provided medical care. Extensive @entity0 encounters were recorded on a one-page form; all other encounters were recorded as hash marks by the provider. Two physicians reviewed the medical records and categorized each encounter. RESULTS: Of the 25,379 @entity0 encounters recorded over the 8 days of the event, 509 were triaged as greater severity (requiring an examination by a physician); 31% of these involved heat-related illnesses. Fifty-five @entity0 required transport to local emergency departments by the local EMS systems; 7 of these @entity0 required hospital admission. CONCLUSION: The California @entity1 Ride 3 required more medical personnel and resulted in more @entity0 encounters than any similar event previously described. We describe the medical care team and @entity0 encounters to facilitate planning for medical care at future class 3 events.

title: Medical care at the California XXXX Ride 3: experiences in event medicine.

answer: @entity1