abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine the associations of @entity3 risk factors (CVDRF) with wealth, defined by the asset index, in 25- to 74-year-old black Africans in Cape Town. METHODS: Assets, including consumer durable goods, and CVDRF were determined in a randomly selected cross-sectional sample. A principal component analysis of the pooled data, based on assets that defined wealth, was used to develop an asset index. Ordinal logistic regression analyses assessed the independent associations of CVDRF with wealth tertiles. RESULTS: Among the 1099 @entity0 , the least poor compared with the poorest tertile had significantly higher prevalence of @entity1 (16.3 versus 9.6%), hypercholesterolaemia (33.9 versus 21.4%), @entity2 (45.4 versus 26.3%) and fat intake >= 30% of diet (44.2 versus 29.3%). Daily smoking was highest in the poorest (35.8%) versus the least poor (26.4%). Psychosocial stress (low sense of coherence or locus of control) was significantly higher in poorer @entity0 . In the regression analyses, wealth was associated with male gender [odds ratio (OR): 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37-2.60], urbanization (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02), high fat intake, @entity2 and hypercholesterolaemia. Daily smoking, problematic @entity4 use (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52-0.94) and psychosocial stress were inversely related to wealth. CONCLUSIONS: Differential distribution of CVDRF by wealth mandates incorporating equity components when developing tailored interventions.

title: Differential associations of XXXX risk factors with relative wealth in urban-dwelling South Africans.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 is common among @entity0 , but it can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Among the well-known complications are @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity2 . One complication of @entity6 that has not been previously reported in the English-language literature is transient @entity10 . We describe such a case, which occurred in a 6-year-old @entity0 who presented with a @entity5 and subsequent unconsciousness. He had experienced @entity8 and was resuscitated via endotracheal tube ventilation. Laboratory and radiologic assessments found no pathology except for extremely enlarged adenoid tissue. Once the @entity0 was stabilized, an urgent adenotonsillectomy was performed. The @entity0 recovered well, and his vision and respiratory symptoms resolved. Severe @entity6 of the adenoid tissue can cause @entity8 and @entity3 secondary to upper @entity7 . The possibility of @entity6 and @entity8 should be kept in mind in cases of transient @entity10 . Aggressive treatment, including early intubation and adenoidectomy, may lead to a rapid resolution of symptoms.

title: A case of transient XXXX associated with @entity8 as a result of extremely enlarged adenoid tissue.

answer: @entity10


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 is common among @entity0 , but it can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Among the well-known complications are @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity2 . One complication of @entity6 that has not been previously reported in the English-language literature is transient @entity10 . We describe such a case, which occurred in a 6-year-old @entity0 who presented with a @entity5 and subsequent unconsciousness. He had experienced @entity8 and was resuscitated via endotracheal tube ventilation. Laboratory and radiologic assessments found no pathology except for extremely enlarged adenoid tissue. Once the @entity0 was stabilized, an urgent adenotonsillectomy was performed. The @entity0 recovered well, and his vision and respiratory symptoms resolved. Severe @entity6 of the adenoid tissue can cause @entity8 and @entity3 secondary to upper @entity7 . The possibility of @entity6 and @entity8 should be kept in mind in cases of transient @entity10 . Aggressive treatment, including early intubation and adenoidectomy, may lead to a rapid resolution of symptoms.

title: A case of transient @entity10 associated with XXXX as a result of extremely enlarged adenoid tissue.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma medication ratio (AMR) >=    0.5 has been shown to predict @entity1 exacerbations. This study explores the impact of increasing or decreasing inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta-agonist (ICS/LABA) use over a 7-year period on achieving an AMR of >=    0.5. OBJECTIVES: To (a) assess the impact of increasing use of ICS/LABAs on changes in a modified AMR (mAMR) and (b) examine @entity1 risk over time as measured by an mAMR over a 7-year period, adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics. METHODS: This is a retrospective, observational study using pharmacy and medical claims from a medical group from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2010. All @entity0 with >=    1 @entity1 diagnosis (ICD-9-CM, 493.xx) with >=    1 inhaled @entity1 medication dispensed in each year of eligibility were included. The mAMR   =   total ICS controllers dispensed/(total ICS controllers dispensed   +   @entity2 dispensed). The proportion of ICS/LABA use was determined as the number of ICS/LABA canisters dispensed/(total of ICS/LABA   +   ICS dispensed). Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess the effect of incremental change in ICS/LABA use on mAMR over 7 years, adjusting for differences in resource utilization, time, and @entity1 medication use.   RESULTS: Nine hundred ninety @entity0 (mean age [     SD] 34.7 years [     18.2], 61.7% female) met all criteria. Overall, mean mAMR increased over time, while mean @entity2 use decreased over time. Adjusting for covariates, we found that a 10% increase in ICS/LABA use was associated with a 9% increase (adjusted OR   =   1.09, 95% CI   =   1.06-1.12) in the likelihood of achieving an mAMR   >=    0.5, while a 50% increase in ICS/LABA use was associated with a 53% increase (OR   =   1.53, 95% CI   =   1.31-1.80) in the likelihood of achieving an mAMR   >=    0.5. CONCLUSIONS: Increase in ICS/LABA use over time in a population of @entity1 @entity0 was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of achieving an mAMR   >=    0.5.

title: Use of ICS/LABA on Asthma Exacerbation Risk in XXXX Within a Medical Group.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have a similar clinical phenotype but represent distinct diseases, requiring different therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs whose expression profiles can serve as diagnostic biomarkers and which may be involved in the pathophysiology of @entity2 . Here, we analyzed miRNA profiles in serum and whole blood of @entity0 with NMOSD and @entity3 ( @entity3 )/relapsing-remitting @entity1 ( @entity5 ) as well as healthy controls by next-generation sequencing (NGS). METHODS: MiRNA expression profiles were determined by NGS in sera of @entity0 with @entity6 antibody-positive NMOSD (n   =   20), @entity3 / @entity5 (n   =   20), and healthy controls (n   =   20) and in whole blood of @entity0 with NMOSD (n   =   11), @entity3 / @entity5 (n   =   60), and healthy controls (n   =   43). Differentially expressed miRNAs were calculated by analysis of variance and t tests. All significance values were corrected for multiple testing. Selected miRNAs were validated in whole blood of @entity0 with NMOSD (n   =   18) and @entity3 / @entity5 (n   =   19) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: None of 261 miRNAs detected in serum but 178 of 416 miRNAs detected in whole blood showed significantly different expression levels among the three groups. Pairwise comparisons revealed 115 (NMOSD vs. @entity3 / @entity5 ), 141 (NMOSD vs. healthy controls), and 44 ( @entity3 / @entity5 vs. healthy controls) miRNAs in whole blood with significantly different expression levels. qRT-PCR confirmed different expression levels in whole blood of @entity0 with NMOSD and @entity3 / @entity5 for 9 out of 10 exemplarily chosen miRNAs. In silico enrichment analysis demonstrated an accumulation of altered miRNAs in NMOSD in particular in CD15(+) cells (i.e., neutrophils and eosinophils). CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies a set of miRNAs in whole blood, which may have the potential to discriminate NMOSD from @entity3 / @entity5 and healthy controls. In contrast, miRNA profiles in serum do not appear to be promising diagnostic biomarkers for NMOSD. Enrichment of altered miRNAs in CD15(+) neutrophils and eosinophils, which were previously implicated in the pathophysiology of NMOSD, suggests that miRNAs could be involved in the regulation of these cells in NMOSD.

title: Next-generation sequencing identifies altered whole blood microRNAs in @entity4 spectrum disorder which may permit discrimination from XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have a similar clinical phenotype but represent distinct diseases, requiring different therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs whose expression profiles can serve as diagnostic biomarkers and which may be involved in the pathophysiology of @entity2 . Here, we analyzed miRNA profiles in serum and whole blood of @entity0 with NMOSD and @entity3 ( @entity3 )/relapsing-remitting @entity1 ( @entity5 ) as well as healthy controls by next-generation sequencing (NGS). METHODS: MiRNA expression profiles were determined by NGS in sera of @entity0 with @entity6 antibody-positive NMOSD (n   =   20), @entity3 / @entity5 (n   =   20), and healthy controls (n   =   20) and in whole blood of @entity0 with NMOSD (n   =   11), @entity3 / @entity5 (n   =   60), and healthy controls (n   =   43). Differentially expressed miRNAs were calculated by analysis of variance and t tests. All significance values were corrected for multiple testing. Selected miRNAs were validated in whole blood of @entity0 with NMOSD (n   =   18) and @entity3 / @entity5 (n   =   19) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: None of 261 miRNAs detected in serum but 178 of 416 miRNAs detected in whole blood showed significantly different expression levels among the three groups. Pairwise comparisons revealed 115 (NMOSD vs. @entity3 / @entity5 ), 141 (NMOSD vs. healthy controls), and 44 ( @entity3 / @entity5 vs. healthy controls) miRNAs in whole blood with significantly different expression levels. qRT-PCR confirmed different expression levels in whole blood of @entity0 with NMOSD and @entity3 / @entity5 for 9 out of 10 exemplarily chosen miRNAs. In silico enrichment analysis demonstrated an accumulation of altered miRNAs in NMOSD in particular in CD15(+) cells (i.e., neutrophils and eosinophils). CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies a set of miRNAs in whole blood, which may have the potential to discriminate NMOSD from @entity3 / @entity5 and healthy controls. In contrast, miRNA profiles in serum do not appear to be promising diagnostic biomarkers for NMOSD. Enrichment of altered miRNAs in CD15(+) neutrophils and eosinophils, which were previously implicated in the pathophysiology of NMOSD, suggests that miRNAs could be involved in the regulation of these cells in NMOSD.

title: Next-generation sequencing identifies altered whole blood microRNAs in XXXX spectrum disorder which may permit discrimination from @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 synthase (MTR) plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis of intracellular @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity3 , and its activity correlates with DNA methylation in many @entity0 tissues. Our previous genomewide association study identified that 1 SNP located in the gene was associated with several wool production and quality traits in Chinese Merino. To confirm the potential involvement of the gene in @entity2 wool production and quality traits, we performed @entity2 tissue expression profiling, @entity6 detection, and association analysis with @entity2 wool production and quality traits. The semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis showed that the gene was differentially expressed in skin from Merino and Kazak @entity2 . The sequencing analysis identified a total of 13 SNP in the gene from Chinese Merino @entity2 . Comparison of the allele frequencies revealed that these 13 identified SNP were significantly different among the 6 tested Chinese Merino strains ( < 0.001). Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that SNP 3 to 11 were strongly linked in a single haplotype block in the tested population. Association analysis showed that SNP 2 to 11 were significantly associated with the average wool fiber diameter and the fineness @entity1 and that SNP 4 to 11 were significantly associated with the CV of fiber diameter trait ( < 0.05). Single nucleotide polymorphism 2 and SNP 5 to 12 were weakly associated with wool crimp. Similarly, the haplotypes derived from these 13 identified SNP were also significantly associated with the average wool fiber diameter, fineness @entity1 , and the CV of fiber diameter ( < 0.05). Our results suggest that is a candidate gene for @entity2 wool production and quality traits, and the identified SNP might be used in @entity2 breeding.

title: Association of XXXX synthase gene polymorphisms with wool production and quality traits in Chinese Merino population.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Context .- Pulmonary bronchial brushing specimens can be processed by liquid-based or conventional methods. The ability to accurately diagnose a @entity3 with a liquid-based preparation (LBP) versus a conventional preparation may differ. Objective .- To compare the performance of LBPs of malignant pulmonary bronchial brushing specimens with the performance of conventional preparations. Design .- @entity0 responses from 553 malignant pulmonary bronchial brushing samples were evaluated for concordance with the general diagnosis. The performance of LBPs was compared with that of classic preparations. A nonlinear mixed model was used to analyze the performance by reference diagnosis, preparation type, program years, @entity0 type, and the interaction terms between these 4 factors. Results .- Concordance with the general category of @entity1 was observed in 95.2% of conventional Papanicolaou-stained, 90.9% of modified Giemsa-stained, and 96.9% of LBP (P < .001) samples. The results were significantly different between individual reference diagnoses (P < .001). The performance of LBPs was consistently higher for most diagnoses and was significantly better for @entity4 (P = .005), @entity5 (P < .001), and @entity2 not otherwise specified (P < .001). All @entity0 types performed significantly better with @entity5 . Pathologists and cytotechnologists performed significantly better with LBPs of @entity4 . A significantly higher concordance was observed between the general diagnosis and program years 2007-2011 versus 2001-2006 (P = .006). Conclusions .- Liquid-based preparations performed better than conventional methods, with significantly higher performance in squamous cell, small cell, and metastatic @entity2 . Improved performance over time may reflect more frequent use of LBP methods and increased familiarity with interpreting the morphologic findings.

title: Do Liquid-Based Preparations of Pulmonary Bronchial Brushing Specimens Perform Differently From Classically Prepared Cases for the Diagnosis of XXXX ? Observations From the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Nongynecologic Cytology.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Colo-rectal adenoms occur more frequently in the elderly and should be considered as precancerous. The structural changes of the glandular epithelium are known as @entity5 or atypia and are classified into three grades of severity; the " @entity7 " has all the histological characteristics of a @entity1 which however has not infiltrated the muscularis mucosa and so has not gained access to the lymphatic system. Whenever these structural changes were present the terms focal @entity2 or @entity2 in situ were used. However in 1976 the WHO accepted to change the nomenclature to " @entity7 ", as Morson had proposed. Their aim was to avoid superfluous radical surgical intervention. Whenever @entity8 is present in an @entity3 , the necessary therapy is the local excision of the @entity3 together with its pedick. An exact complete histological examination is necessary. Between 1976 and 1980 we saw 201 cases of @entity6 at the Surgical Clinic, University of D  sseldorf. 27 of these cases showed @entity7 . As described in the literature there was a correlation between the size of the @entity3 , the histological picture and the risk of @entity1 . The reexamination of 105 @entity0 showed that there was a significant percentage of recurrency at the site of excision or new @entity4 at a different site. Therefore, regular checkups are a must for all those @entity0 in whom @entity4 of the large bowel have been removed.

title: [Diagnosis and therapy of @entity4 with special reference to XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Colo-rectal adenoms occur more frequently in the elderly and should be considered as precancerous. The structural changes of the glandular epithelium are known as @entity5 or atypia and are classified into three grades of severity; the " @entity7 " has all the histological characteristics of a @entity1 which however has not infiltrated the muscularis mucosa and so has not gained access to the lymphatic system. Whenever these structural changes were present the terms focal @entity2 or @entity2 in situ were used. However in 1976 the WHO accepted to change the nomenclature to " @entity7 ", as Morson had proposed. Their aim was to avoid superfluous radical surgical intervention. Whenever @entity8 is present in an @entity3 , the necessary therapy is the local excision of the @entity3 together with its pedick. An exact complete histological examination is necessary. Between 1976 and 1980 we saw 201 cases of @entity6 at the Surgical Clinic, University of D  sseldorf. 27 of these cases showed @entity7 . As described in the literature there was a correlation between the size of the @entity3 , the histological picture and the risk of @entity1 . The reexamination of 105 @entity0 showed that there was a significant percentage of recurrency at the site of excision or new @entity4 at a different site. Therefore, regular checkups are a must for all those @entity0 in whom @entity4 of the large bowel have been removed.

title: [Diagnosis and therapy of XXXX with special reference to @entity3 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Importance: The association between early exposure to animals and @entity2 is not clear, and previous studies have yielded contradictory results. Objective: To determine whether exposure to @entity1 and farm animals confers a risk of @entity2 . Design, Setting and @entity0 : In a nationwide cohort study, the association between early exposure to @entity1 and farm animals and the risk of @entity2 was evaluated and included all @entity0 born in Sweden from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2010 (N   =   1   011   051), using registry data on @entity1 and farm registration, @entity2 medication, diagnosis, and confounders for parents and their @entity0 . The association was assessed as the odds ratio (OR) for a current diagnosis of @entity2 at age 6 years for school-aged @entity0 and as the hazard ratio (HR) for incident @entity2 at ages 1 to 5 years for preschool-aged @entity0 . Data were analyzed from January 1, 2007, to September 30, 2012. Exposures: Living with a @entity1 or farm animal. Main Outcomes and Measures: Childhood @entity2 diagnosis and medication used. Results: Of the 1   011   051 @entity0 born during the study period, 376   638 preschool-aged (53   460 [14.2%] exposed to @entity1 and 1729 [0.5%] exposed to farm animals) and 276   298 school-aged @entity0 (22   629 [8.2%] exposed to @entity1 and 958 [0.3%] exposed to farm animals) were included in the analyses. Of these, 18   799 @entity0 (5.0%) in the preschool-aged @entity0 's cohort experienced an @entity3 event before baseline, and 28   511 cases of @entity2 and 906   071 years at risk were recorded during follow-up (incidence rate, 3.1 cases per 1000 years at risk). In the school-aged @entity0 's cohort, 11   585 @entity0 (4.2%) experienced an @entity3 event during the seventh year of life. @entity1 exposure during the first year of life was associated with a decreased risk of @entity2 in school-aged @entity0 (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81-0.93) and in preschool-aged @entity0 3 years or older (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99) but not in @entity0 younger than 3 years (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.07). Results were comparable when analyzing only first-born @entity0 . Farm animal exposure was associated with a reduced risk of @entity2 in both school-aged @entity0 and preschool-aged @entity0 (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.31-0.76, and HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56-0.84), respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, the data support the hypothesis that exposure to @entity1 and farm animals during the first year of life reduces the risk of @entity2 in @entity0 at age 6 years. This information might be helpful in decision making for families and physicians on the appropriateness and timing of early animal exposure.

title: Early Exposure to @entity1 and Farm Animals and the Risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Importance: The association between early exposure to animals and @entity2 is not clear, and previous studies have yielded contradictory results. Objective: To determine whether exposure to @entity1 and farm animals confers a risk of @entity2 . Design, Setting and @entity0 : In a nationwide cohort study, the association between early exposure to @entity1 and farm animals and the risk of @entity2 was evaluated and included all @entity0 born in Sweden from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2010 (N   =   1   011   051), using registry data on @entity1 and farm registration, @entity2 medication, diagnosis, and confounders for parents and their @entity0 . The association was assessed as the odds ratio (OR) for a current diagnosis of @entity2 at age 6 years for school-aged @entity0 and as the hazard ratio (HR) for incident @entity2 at ages 1 to 5 years for preschool-aged @entity0 . Data were analyzed from January 1, 2007, to September 30, 2012. Exposures: Living with a @entity1 or farm animal. Main Outcomes and Measures: Childhood @entity2 diagnosis and medication used. Results: Of the 1   011   051 @entity0 born during the study period, 376   638 preschool-aged (53   460 [14.2%] exposed to @entity1 and 1729 [0.5%] exposed to farm animals) and 276   298 school-aged @entity0 (22   629 [8.2%] exposed to @entity1 and 958 [0.3%] exposed to farm animals) were included in the analyses. Of these, 18   799 @entity0 (5.0%) in the preschool-aged @entity0 's cohort experienced an @entity3 event before baseline, and 28   511 cases of @entity2 and 906   071 years at risk were recorded during follow-up (incidence rate, 3.1 cases per 1000 years at risk). In the school-aged @entity0 's cohort, 11   585 @entity0 (4.2%) experienced an @entity3 event during the seventh year of life. @entity1 exposure during the first year of life was associated with a decreased risk of @entity2 in school-aged @entity0 (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81-0.93) and in preschool-aged @entity0 3 years or older (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99) but not in @entity0 younger than 3 years (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.07). Results were comparable when analyzing only first-born @entity0 . Farm animal exposure was associated with a reduced risk of @entity2 in both school-aged @entity0 and preschool-aged @entity0 (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.31-0.76, and HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56-0.84), respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, the data support the hypothesis that exposure to @entity1 and farm animals during the first year of life reduces the risk of @entity2 in @entity0 at age 6 years. This information might be helpful in decision making for families and physicians on the appropriateness and timing of early animal exposure.

title: Early Exposure to XXXX and Farm Animals and the Risk of @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) limitation as renal replacement therapy is mostly due to @entity2 and complications. Formation and persistence of intra-abdominal loculations is often under-diagnosed. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a life-threatening complication, but @entity5 , recurrent @entity2 and early membrane failure are insidious enemies that need to be emphasized. It is important to highlight the persistence of intra-abdominal fluid collection after clinical resolution of @entity2 in @entity2 @entity0 and to indicate a new medical management approach for an early diagnosis. During five years, we selected @entity2 cases followed by a six months interval free of @entity1 . Ninety-seven subjects were followed at six months and one year after the first @entity2 . Tomography had been performed to @entity0 presenting a positive inflammatory state without a specific infectious cause. Subjects presenting documented localized fluid collection (31 cases) were divided into: drug-treated group and those undergoing laparoscopy by a new surgery technique (seven @entity0 ); a comparison regarding the clinical state and biohumoral parameters was assessed in both groups. The prevalence of intra-abdominal loculation following an apparent resolved @entity2 was high (31.9%). The cases undergoing laparoscopy presented a better evolution - improved clinical status (p=0.001), higher hemoglobin values (p=0.06), significant lower doses of @entity3 requirement (p=0.03), improved dialysis adequacy (p=0.005) and inflammatory state. In cases with confirmed fluid encapsulated loculation, an active attitude (screening imaging protocol and laparoscopic exploration) appears to be mandatory, decreasing the risk of @entity4 , a serious complication which pathology and treatment are incompletely understood.

title: Intra-peritoneal chronic loculation in peritoneal dialysis XXXX - a new medical management approach.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: During male gametophyte development in @entity1 , the microspores undergo an asymmetric division to produce a vegetative cell and a generative cell, which undergoes a second division to give rise to two sperm cells. SIDECAR @entity0 ( @entity0 ) 27 plays a key role in the asymmetric division of microspores. Here we provide molecular genetic evidence that a combinatorial role of @entity2 with @entity3 is crucial for male gametophyte development in @entity1 . Expression analysis, genetic transmission and pollen viability assays, and pollen development analysis demonstrated that @entity2 plays a role in the male gametophyte function primarily at germ cell mitosis. In the mature pollen of @entity2 and @entity2 expressing a dominant negative version of @entity2 , @entity2 :SRDX, aberrant microspores such as bicellular and smaller tricelluar pollen appeared at a ratio of 10 to 15% with a correspondingly decreased ratio of normal tricellular pollen, whereas in @entity3 mutants, 70% of the pollen was aborted. All pollen in the @entity2 @entity3 double mutants was aborted and severely shriveled compared with that of the single mutants, indicating that @entity2 and @entity3 are essential for pollen development. Gene expression and subcellular localization analyses of @entity2 :GFP and @entity3 :RFP during pollen development indicated that posttranscriptional and/or posttranslational controls are involved in differential accumulation and subcellular localization of @entity2 and @entity3 during pollen development, which may contribute in part to combinatorial and distinct roles of @entity2 with @entity3 in microspore development. In addition, we showed that @entity2 and @entity3 interact to form a heterodimer for nuclear localization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN( @entity0 )10 interacts with SIDECAR POLLEN/ XXXX to control pollen development in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: During male gametophyte development in @entity1 , the microspores undergo an asymmetric division to produce a vegetative cell and a generative cell, which undergoes a second division to give rise to two sperm cells. SIDECAR @entity0 ( @entity0 ) 27 plays a key role in the asymmetric division of microspores. Here we provide molecular genetic evidence that a combinatorial role of @entity2 with @entity3 is crucial for male gametophyte development in @entity1 . Expression analysis, genetic transmission and pollen viability assays, and pollen development analysis demonstrated that @entity2 plays a role in the male gametophyte function primarily at germ cell mitosis. In the mature pollen of @entity2 and @entity2 expressing a dominant negative version of @entity2 , @entity2 :SRDX, aberrant microspores such as bicellular and smaller tricelluar pollen appeared at a ratio of 10 to 15% with a correspondingly decreased ratio of normal tricellular pollen, whereas in @entity3 mutants, 70% of the pollen was aborted. All pollen in the @entity2 @entity3 double mutants was aborted and severely shriveled compared with that of the single mutants, indicating that @entity2 and @entity3 are essential for pollen development. Gene expression and subcellular localization analyses of @entity2 :GFP and @entity3 :RFP during pollen development indicated that posttranscriptional and/or posttranslational controls are involved in differential accumulation and subcellular localization of @entity2 and @entity3 during pollen development, which may contribute in part to combinatorial and distinct roles of @entity2 with @entity3 in microspore development. In addition, we showed that @entity2 and @entity3 interact to form a heterodimer for nuclear localization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN( XXXX )10 interacts with SIDECAR POLLEN/ @entity3 to control pollen development in @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: During male gametophyte development in @entity1 , the microspores undergo an asymmetric division to produce a vegetative cell and a generative cell, which undergoes a second division to give rise to two sperm cells. SIDECAR @entity0 ( @entity0 ) 27 plays a key role in the asymmetric division of microspores. Here we provide molecular genetic evidence that a combinatorial role of @entity2 with @entity3 is crucial for male gametophyte development in @entity1 . Expression analysis, genetic transmission and pollen viability assays, and pollen development analysis demonstrated that @entity2 plays a role in the male gametophyte function primarily at germ cell mitosis. In the mature pollen of @entity2 and @entity2 expressing a dominant negative version of @entity2 , @entity2 :SRDX, aberrant microspores such as bicellular and smaller tricelluar pollen appeared at a ratio of 10 to 15% with a correspondingly decreased ratio of normal tricellular pollen, whereas in @entity3 mutants, 70% of the pollen was aborted. All pollen in the @entity2 @entity3 double mutants was aborted and severely shriveled compared with that of the single mutants, indicating that @entity2 and @entity3 are essential for pollen development. Gene expression and subcellular localization analyses of @entity2 :GFP and @entity3 :RFP during pollen development indicated that posttranscriptional and/or posttranslational controls are involved in differential accumulation and subcellular localization of @entity2 and @entity3 during pollen development, which may contribute in part to combinatorial and distinct roles of @entity2 with @entity3 in microspore development. In addition, we showed that @entity2 and @entity3 interact to form a heterodimer for nuclear localization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN( @entity0 )10 interacts with SIDECAR POLLEN/ @entity3 to control pollen development in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study involved two stages: In vitro study. Three LMWHs, @entity5 - @entity6 (Choay) and @entity3 (Pharmuka), were compared to standard heparin, SH (Choay), and to a high-molecular-weight heparin, @entity4 (Choay), which particularly revealed a dissociation of anti-Xa (++) and anti-IIa (+) activities for the LMWHs: (table: see text) In vivo study. Healthy volunteers. Subcutaneously injections of @entity3 or @entity6 according to various protocols (rythm of injections, dosage). For both LMWHs, the dissociation of anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities reoccurs in vivo. A peak of anti-Xa effect was observed 3 to 4 hours after the injections. The duration period of this activity is about 12 hours. The importance of the global platelet tests HT and TEG (modified for the highest doses) should be noted. Study of @entity1 tendencies in @entity0 with slight @entity2 risk. From this preliminary study, protocols with @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity3 are proposed for the prevention of @entity2 risk in orthopaedic surgery (injections at 12-hour intervals).

title: [Preliminary study of the use of low-molecular weight heparin to prevent XXXX risk].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mortality experience among 3,199 workers employed 1951-1976 at a @entity4 fertilizer production plant in central Florida with follow-up through 2011. METHODS: Cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for the full cohort were calculated with the U.S. population as referent. @entity0 and @entity2 risks were further analyzed using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: The mortality due to all-causes (SMR   =   1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.13, observed deaths [n]   =   1,473), all- @entity1 (SMR   =   1.16, 95%CI 1.06-1.28, n   =   431), and a priori outcomes of interests including @entity0 (SMR   =   1.32, 95%CI   =   1.13-1.53, n   =   168) and @entity2 (SMR   =   1.74, 95%CI   =   1.11-2.62, n   =   23) were statistically significantly elevated. @entity3 modeling on employment duration or estimated radiation scores did not show exposure-response relation with @entity0 or @entity2 mortality. CONCLUSION: SMR results showed @entity0 and @entity2 mortality in a full cohort of the @entity4 fertilizer production facility. There was, however, no exposure-response relation observed among cases and matched controls. Am. J. Ind. Med.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: A study update of mortality in workers at a XXXX fertilizer production facility.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of non-fatal @entity1 associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol. The effects of dose, duration of treatment, background cardiovascular (CV) risk and use of concomitant aspirin were studied. METHODS: We performed a population-based case-control study. @entity0 were considered exposed if they were on treatment within a 30-day window before the index date. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression. RESULTS: Two thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight cases and 20  000 controls were included. No increased risk was observed with traditional NSAIDs as a group (OR  =  1.03; 95% CI, 0.90-1.19), but results varied across individual agents and conditions of use. An increased risk was found with diclofenac (OR  =  1.53; 95% CI, 1.19-1.97), in particular when used at high doses (OR  =  1.62; 1.06-2.46), over long-term periods (>  365  days; OR  =  2.39; 1.52-3.76) and in @entity0 with a high background CV risk (OR  =  1.78; 1.23-2.58), as well as with aceclofenac when used at high doses (OR  =  1.67; 1.05-2.67), in long-term treatments (OR  =  2.00; 1.14-3.53) and in @entity0 with CV risk factors (OR  =  2.33; 1.40-3.87). No association was found with ibuprofen (OR  =  0.94; 0.76-1.17) or naproxen (OR  =  0.68; 0.36-1.29). The concomitant use of aspirin did not show a significant effect modification. Paracetamol did not increase the risk overall (OR  =  0.97; 0.85-1.10) or in @entity0 at high CV risk (OR  =  0.94; 0.78-1.14). CONCLUSIONS: Diclofenac and aceclofenac increase the risk of @entity1 while ibuprofen and naproxen do not. Dose, duration and baseline CV risk, but not aspirin use, appear to modulate the risk. Paracetamol does not increase the risk, even in @entity0 with a high background CV risk.

title: Risk of XXXX associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol: a population-based case-control study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Tumor characteristics thought to predict for development of @entity5 after resection of superficial @entity3 were retrospectively analyzed in 252 @entity0 with transitional cell @entity3 at Stanford University Medical Center. Stage 0 @entity0 accounted for 190 of the @entity0 population (75.5%), while stage A and B1 comprised 51 (20%) and 11 (4.5%), respectively. The median follow-up time was 62 months. Forty-three @entity0 subsequently developed @entity5 ; these included 24 (12.6%), 14 (27.5%), and 5 (45.5%) of stage 0, A, and B1 @entity0 (P = .002), or 15 (10%), 15 (9%), and 13 (33%) of grade 1, 2, and 3 @entity2 (P = .001), respectively. When analyzed by univariate logistic regression, grade (P = .0001) and stage (P = .0118) were significant predictors for @entity1 . Site of @entity2 and number of @entity2 at presentation were not significant factors for invasion deep into the bladder wall. When multiple logistic regression was performed, only grade remained as a significant @entity2 variable to predict for @entity1 (P less than .0091). Risk of @entity1 did not appear to increase with increasing number of recurrences, remaining at approximately an 11% invasion rate through 12 recurrences. In this analysis, grade was the most significant @entity2 variable in superficial @entity3 predicting for the development of @entity4 . Future clinical trials for definitive or adjuvant therapy of this disease must stratify for this variable.

title: XXXX : the primacy of grade in the development of @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Tumor characteristics thought to predict for development of @entity5 after resection of superficial @entity3 were retrospectively analyzed in 252 @entity0 with transitional cell @entity3 at Stanford University Medical Center. Stage 0 @entity0 accounted for 190 of the @entity0 population (75.5%), while stage A and B1 comprised 51 (20%) and 11 (4.5%), respectively. The median follow-up time was 62 months. Forty-three @entity0 subsequently developed @entity5 ; these included 24 (12.6%), 14 (27.5%), and 5 (45.5%) of stage 0, A, and B1 @entity0 (P = .002), or 15 (10%), 15 (9%), and 13 (33%) of grade 1, 2, and 3 @entity2 (P = .001), respectively. When analyzed by univariate logistic regression, grade (P = .0001) and stage (P = .0118) were significant predictors for @entity1 . Site of @entity2 and number of @entity2 at presentation were not significant factors for invasion deep into the bladder wall. When multiple logistic regression was performed, only grade remained as a significant @entity2 variable to predict for @entity1 (P less than .0091). Risk of @entity1 did not appear to increase with increasing number of recurrences, remaining at approximately an 11% invasion rate through 12 recurrences. In this analysis, grade was the most significant @entity2 variable in superficial @entity3 predicting for the development of @entity4 . Future clinical trials for definitive or adjuvant therapy of this disease must stratify for this variable.

title: @entity3 : the primacy of grade in the development of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: To determine if adjuvant @entity5 ( @entity6 ), escalated weekly to @entity1 , could improve disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival by preventing recurrent disease, 60 @entity0 with potentially resectable stage III or IV @entity3 were stratified by primary site, stage, and nutritional status, then randomized by pairs to receive or not receive adjuvant @entity6 . All received standard surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. Five @entity0 were taken off study because of unresectability at the time of surgery, leaving 55 evaluable @entity0 . There were no statistically significant imbalances in known prognostic factors between the two treatment arms. @entity6 was begun at 40 mg/m2 and escalated 10 mg/m2 weekly (four doses preoperatively; four doses postoperatively, preradiation therapy; eight doses postradiation therapy) to mucosal or hematologic @entity1 . The median peak @entity6 dose achieved was 80 mg/m2. Although three @entity0 were hospitalized with @entity6 @entity1 , none died of @entity6 @entity1 . No @entity0 receiving @entity6 had disease progression during treatment, and there was no @entity4 . Thirty-two @entity0 died (median survival, 19 months); 23 @entity0 are alive with median follow-up of 43 months. There was no statistically significant difference in actuarial DFS (P = 1.0) or overall survival (P = .61). Although @entity0 on the @entity6 arm appeared to have less local and regional recurrences at first recurrence (thus more distant metastases), this did not reach statistical significance (P = .06). There was no significant difference between the sites of recurrence at @entity2 or last follow-up (P = .38).

title: Adjuvant @entity5 escalated to XXXX for resectable stage III and IV @entity3 --a prospective, randomized study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To determine if adjuvant @entity5 ( @entity6 ), escalated weekly to @entity1 , could improve disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival by preventing recurrent disease, 60 @entity0 with potentially resectable stage III or IV @entity3 were stratified by primary site, stage, and nutritional status, then randomized by pairs to receive or not receive adjuvant @entity6 . All received standard surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. Five @entity0 were taken off study because of unresectability at the time of surgery, leaving 55 evaluable @entity0 . There were no statistically significant imbalances in known prognostic factors between the two treatment arms. @entity6 was begun at 40 mg/m2 and escalated 10 mg/m2 weekly (four doses preoperatively; four doses postoperatively, preradiation therapy; eight doses postradiation therapy) to mucosal or hematologic @entity1 . The median peak @entity6 dose achieved was 80 mg/m2. Although three @entity0 were hospitalized with @entity6 @entity1 , none died of @entity6 @entity1 . No @entity0 receiving @entity6 had disease progression during treatment, and there was no @entity4 . Thirty-two @entity0 died (median survival, 19 months); 23 @entity0 are alive with median follow-up of 43 months. There was no statistically significant difference in actuarial DFS (P = 1.0) or overall survival (P = .61). Although @entity0 on the @entity6 arm appeared to have less local and regional recurrences at first recurrence (thus more distant metastases), this did not reach statistical significance (P = .06). There was no significant difference between the sites of recurrence at @entity2 or last follow-up (P = .38).

title: Adjuvant XXXX escalated to @entity1 for resectable stage III and IV @entity3 --a prospective, randomized study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: To determine if adjuvant @entity5 ( @entity6 ), escalated weekly to @entity1 , could improve disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival by preventing recurrent disease, 60 @entity0 with potentially resectable stage III or IV @entity3 were stratified by primary site, stage, and nutritional status, then randomized by pairs to receive or not receive adjuvant @entity6 . All received standard surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. Five @entity0 were taken off study because of unresectability at the time of surgery, leaving 55 evaluable @entity0 . There were no statistically significant imbalances in known prognostic factors between the two treatment arms. @entity6 was begun at 40 mg/m2 and escalated 10 mg/m2 weekly (four doses preoperatively; four doses postoperatively, preradiation therapy; eight doses postradiation therapy) to mucosal or hematologic @entity1 . The median peak @entity6 dose achieved was 80 mg/m2. Although three @entity0 were hospitalized with @entity6 @entity1 , none died of @entity6 @entity1 . No @entity0 receiving @entity6 had disease progression during treatment, and there was no @entity4 . Thirty-two @entity0 died (median survival, 19 months); 23 @entity0 are alive with median follow-up of 43 months. There was no statistically significant difference in actuarial DFS (P = 1.0) or overall survival (P = .61). Although @entity0 on the @entity6 arm appeared to have less local and regional recurrences at first recurrence (thus more distant metastases), this did not reach statistical significance (P = .06). There was no significant difference between the sites of recurrence at @entity2 or last follow-up (P = .38).

title: Adjuvant @entity5 escalated to @entity1 for resectable stage III and IV XXXX --a prospective, randomized study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 has been used to manage @entity7 in @entity0 with @entity6 . However, its administration has often been delayed or avoided for fear of adverse effects upon normal host responses to infection. An experimental model of @entity5 in the @entity1 was developed to determine if @entity2 produced adverse effects on immune competence and collagen deposition in the region of the @entity3 . @entity1 were inoculated with @entity4 and treated intraperitoneally each day with either @entity2 (0.25 mg/kg) or saline solution. Surviving animals were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, or 18 days after treatment. The brains were examined grossly for @entity3 formation and microscopically for intensity of the inflammatory response, @entity3 diameter, and wall thickness. There were no differences in mortality rates, @entity3 production rates, or @entity3 diameters when groups were compared. The intensity of inflammatory response was similar in both groups. In the group sacrificed 8 days after inoculation, a delay in collagen deposition was apparent, manifested as a thinner @entity3 wall in the experimental group (mean: 17.8 mu in @entity2 -treated animals and 85 mu in saline-treated control animals: p = 1.0041). At 12 and 18 days after inoculation, there was no difference in @entity3 wall thickness between the control and experimental groups. Therapeutic doses of @entity2 had little effect on mortality rates, incidence of @entity3 production, or intensity of inflammatory response in the experimental animals. Thus, @entity2 did cause a delay in collagen deposition in the walls of experimental brain abscesses, but wall thickness 18 days after inoculation was not affected.

title: Effect of XXXX on experimental @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 has been used to manage @entity7 in @entity0 with @entity6 . However, its administration has often been delayed or avoided for fear of adverse effects upon normal host responses to infection. An experimental model of @entity5 in the @entity1 was developed to determine if @entity2 produced adverse effects on immune competence and collagen deposition in the region of the @entity3 . @entity1 were inoculated with @entity4 and treated intraperitoneally each day with either @entity2 (0.25 mg/kg) or saline solution. Surviving animals were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, or 18 days after treatment. The brains were examined grossly for @entity3 formation and microscopically for intensity of the inflammatory response, @entity3 diameter, and wall thickness. There were no differences in mortality rates, @entity3 production rates, or @entity3 diameters when groups were compared. The intensity of inflammatory response was similar in both groups. In the group sacrificed 8 days after inoculation, a delay in collagen deposition was apparent, manifested as a thinner @entity3 wall in the experimental group (mean: 17.8 mu in @entity2 -treated animals and 85 mu in saline-treated control animals: p = 1.0041). At 12 and 18 days after inoculation, there was no difference in @entity3 wall thickness between the control and experimental groups. Therapeutic doses of @entity2 had little effect on mortality rates, incidence of @entity3 production, or intensity of inflammatory response in the experimental animals. Thus, @entity2 did cause a delay in collagen deposition in the walls of experimental brain abscesses, but wall thickness 18 days after inoculation was not affected.

title: Effect of @entity2 on experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Because of concerns about safety and expense associated with continuous subcutaneous @entity2 infusion (CSII), all @entity0 who had used CSII as of July 1982 were identified. Annual follow-up has resulted in data for up to 61 mo. Of the 92 nonpregnant registrees, 31 were less than 20 yr old, 36 were 20-29, and 25 were 30 yr or older. Two deaths occurred in 1780 @entity0 -months of pump use. The cumulative proportion on the pump (CPOP) or actuarial CSII continuance proportion was 11%. There was no significant difference between sexes or between ages for @entity0 , but despite eliminating pregnant @entity0 , those greater than or equal to 30 yr old had a CPOP of 0.22, compared with 0.11 for those less than 30 yr (P = .03). Continuance curves were no different for those beginning CSII with or without complications or for those with or without good @entity1 control. Those who began at @entity0 request did have better CPOP than those who began at physician request (P = .05). Physician perception of clinical, mechanical, or psychosocial problems while on the pump was not predictor of continuance curves as measured by CPOP. Of the 17 physicians queried at the latest update, 9 physicians have 16 current CSII users; these 9 have only 14% of their @entity0 in the original cohort currently on CSII. This is compared with the 3 physicians who have 34 current users and 60% of their original cohort on CSII. Four physicians no longer use CSII. Devices for CSII cost +131/ @entity0 -month of use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Surveillance in Florida of continuous subcutaneous XXXX infusion use in cohort.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effect of a 50   Hz power line digital filter on the response to a 2-global-flash multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) compared to control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 2-global-flash mfERG (VERIS   ) was recorded (23 control, 34 @entity1 ). Eight recordings were noise contaminated: 4 control, 4 @entity1 . Response averages from the central 10   and 7 surrounding groups were analyzed with and without a 50   Hz digital filter for the following mfERG response epochs: direct component (15-45   ms), 1st (45-75   ms) and 2nd (75-105   ms) induced components. RESULTS: A digital 50   Hz filter had little effect on uncontaminated with noise waveforms but, in noisy recordings, changed the waveform dramatically to resemble uncontaminated waveforms. In controls' 50   Hz-filtered uncontaminated with noise mfERGs differed significantly from unfiltered responses in induced components. Uncontaminated with noise recordings from @entity2 @entity0 did not differ with or without the notch filter (p   >   0.1 for all three epochs of mfERG). The mfERG response in the central 10  in @entity2 @entity0 differed significantly from controls, whether the notch filter was used or not (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A 50   Hz notch filter allows grossly contaminated waveforms to be analyzed in a meaningful manner. With a 50   Hz filter, @entity2 @entity0 still differed significantly from normal.

title: Impact of a Digital Power Line Filter in the 2-Global-Flash Multifocal Electroretinogram of XXXX @entity0 Compared to Controls.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effect of a 50   Hz power line digital filter on the response to a 2-global-flash multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) compared to control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 2-global-flash mfERG (VERIS   ) was recorded (23 control, 34 @entity1 ). Eight recordings were noise contaminated: 4 control, 4 @entity1 . Response averages from the central 10   and 7 surrounding groups were analyzed with and without a 50   Hz digital filter for the following mfERG response epochs: direct component (15-45   ms), 1st (45-75   ms) and 2nd (75-105   ms) induced components. RESULTS: A digital 50   Hz filter had little effect on uncontaminated with noise waveforms but, in noisy recordings, changed the waveform dramatically to resemble uncontaminated waveforms. In controls' 50   Hz-filtered uncontaminated with noise mfERGs differed significantly from unfiltered responses in induced components. Uncontaminated with noise recordings from @entity2 @entity0 did not differ with or without the notch filter (p   >   0.1 for all three epochs of mfERG). The mfERG response in the central 10  in @entity2 @entity0 differed significantly from controls, whether the notch filter was used or not (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A 50   Hz notch filter allows grossly contaminated waveforms to be analyzed in a meaningful manner. With a 50   Hz filter, @entity2 @entity0 still differed significantly from normal.

title: Impact of a Digital Power Line Filter in the 2-Global-Flash Multifocal Electroretinogram of @entity2 XXXX Compared to Controls.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Axonal damage occurs early in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and contributes to the degree of clinical disability. @entity0 with @entity1 more often show disabling and polyfocal neurological symptoms at disease onset than adults with @entity1 . Thus, @entity2 may differ between pediatric and adult @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: We analyzed axonal pathology in archival brain biopsy and autopsy samples from 19 @entity0 with early @entity1 . Lesions were classified according to demyelinating activity and presence of remyelination. Axonal density and extent of @entity2 were assessed using Bielschowsky silver impregnation and immunohistochemistry for @entity3 ( @entity3 ), respectively. @entity2 was correlated with the inflammatory infiltrate as well as clinical characteristics. Results were compared with data from adult @entity1 @entity0 . RESULTS: Acute @entity2 was most extensive in early active demyelinating (EA) lesions of pediatric @entity0 and correlated positively with the Expanded Disability Status Scale at attack leading to biopsy/autopsy. Comparison with 12 adult @entity0 showed a 50% increase in the extent of @entity2 in EA lesions from @entity0 compared to adults, with the highest number of @entity3 -positive spheroids found prior to puberty. The extent of @entity2 correlated positively with the number of lesional macrophages. Axonal density was reduced in pediatric lesions irrespective of the demyelinating activity or the presence of remyelination. Axonal reduction was similar between @entity0 and adults. INTERPRETATION: Our results provide evidence for more pronounced @entity2 in inflammatory demyelinating lesions from @entity0 compared to adults. Ann Neurol 2015.

title: Extensive @entity2 in pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Axonal damage occurs early in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and contributes to the degree of clinical disability. @entity0 with @entity1 more often show disabling and polyfocal neurological symptoms at disease onset than adults with @entity1 . Thus, @entity2 may differ between pediatric and adult @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: We analyzed axonal pathology in archival brain biopsy and autopsy samples from 19 @entity0 with early @entity1 . Lesions were classified according to demyelinating activity and presence of remyelination. Axonal density and extent of @entity2 were assessed using Bielschowsky silver impregnation and immunohistochemistry for @entity3 ( @entity3 ), respectively. @entity2 was correlated with the inflammatory infiltrate as well as clinical characteristics. Results were compared with data from adult @entity1 @entity0 . RESULTS: Acute @entity2 was most extensive in early active demyelinating (EA) lesions of pediatric @entity0 and correlated positively with the Expanded Disability Status Scale at attack leading to biopsy/autopsy. Comparison with 12 adult @entity0 showed a 50% increase in the extent of @entity2 in EA lesions from @entity0 compared to adults, with the highest number of @entity3 -positive spheroids found prior to puberty. The extent of @entity2 correlated positively with the number of lesional macrophages. Axonal density was reduced in pediatric lesions irrespective of the demyelinating activity or the presence of remyelination. Axonal reduction was similar between @entity0 and adults. INTERPRETATION: Our results provide evidence for more pronounced @entity2 in inflammatory demyelinating lesions from @entity0 compared to adults. Ann Neurol 2015.

title: Extensive XXXX in pediatric @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) structure and function are predictors of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and are related to resting peripheral haemodynamic load in older adults. The central haemodynamic response to exercise may reveal associations with LV structure and function not detected by traditional peripheral (brachial) measures in a younger population. PURPOSE: To examine correlations between acute exercise-induced changes in central artery stiffness and wave reflections and measures of resting LV structure and function. METHODS: Sixteen healthy @entity0 (age 26      6  year; BMI 25  3      2  7  kg  m(-2) ) had measures of central haemodynamic load measured before/after a 30-s @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Common carotid artery stiffness and reflected wave intensity were assessed via wave intensity analysis as a regional pulse wave velocity ( @entity1 ) and negative area (NA), respectively. Resting LV structure (LV mass) and function [midwall fractional shortening (mFS)] were assessed using M-mode echocardiography in the parasternal short-axis view. RESULTS: There was a significant association between mFS and @entity2 -mediated change in carotid systolic BP (r  =  -0  57, P  =  0  011), logNA (r  =  -0  58, P  =  0  009) and @entity1 (r  =  -0  44, P  =  0  045). There were no significant associations between resting mFS and changes in brachial systolic BP (r  =  -0  26, P>0  05). There were no associations between resting LV mass and changes in any haemodynamic variable (P>0  05). CONCLUSION: Exercise-induced increases in central haemodynamic load reveal associations with lower resting LV function in young healthy @entity0 undetected by traditional peripheral haemodynamics.

title: Relation between exercise central haemodynamic response and resting cardiac structure and function in young healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To analyze inter-vendor differences of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in imaging @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Eleven @entity0 (all with LBBB, median age 60.7years, 9 males) with implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy devices were prospectively included. Ultrasound systems of two vendors (i.e. General Electric and Philips) were used to record images in the apical four chamber view. Regional longitudinal strain patterns were analyzed with vendor specific software in the basal, mid and apical septal segments. @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were determined during four pacing settings, resulting in 44 unique strain patterns per segment (total 132 patterns). Cross correlation was used to analyze the comparability of the shape of 132 normalized strain patterns. Correlation of strain patterns of the two systems was high (R(2) median: 0.68, interquartile range: 0.53-0.82). Accordingly, strain patterns of intrinsic rhythm were recognized equally using both systems, when divided into three types. GE based @entity1 (18.9  4.7%) was significantly higher than @entity1 determined by the Philips system (13.4  4.3%). @entity3 was slightly but non-significantly lower in GE (384  77ms) compared to Philips (404  83ms) derived strain signals. Correlation of @entity4 between the systems was poor, due to minor differences in the strain signal and timing of aortic valve closure. CONCLUSIONS: The two systems provide similar shape of strain patterns. However, important differences are found in the amplitude, timing of systole and @entity4 . Until STE is standardized, clinical decision making should be restricted to pattern analysis.

title: Comparison of septal strain patterns in XXXX between speckle tracking echocardiography vendor systems.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We have previously shown that polyclonal natural IgM protects @entity2 from @entity1 /reperfusion injury (IRI) by inhibiting the reperfusion inflammatory response. We hypothesized that a potential mechanism involved IgM modulation of dendritic cells (DC), as we observed high IgM binding to splenic DC. To test this hypothesis, we pretreated bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) with polyclonal murine or @entity0 IgM prior to @entity5 activation and demonstrated that 0.5 * 10(6) IgM/ @entity5 -pretreated BMDC, when injected into wild-type C57BL/6 @entity2 24 h before @entity1 , protect @entity2 from developing renal IRI. We show that this switching of @entity5 -activated BMDC to a regulatory phenotype requires modulation of BMDC function that is mediated by IgM binding to nonapoptotic BMDC receptors. Regulatory BMDC require @entity6 and programmed death 1 as well as downregulation of @entity10 and @entity7 NF-kB phosphorylation to protect in renal IRI. Blocking the programmed death ligand 1 binding site just before i.v. injection of IgM/ @entity5 -pretreated BMDC or using @entity6 knockout BMDC fails to induce protection. Similarly, IgM/ @entity5 -pretreated BMDC are rendered nonprotective by increasing @entity10 expression and phosphorylation of @entity7 NF-kB. How IgM/ @entity5 regulatory BMDC suppress in vivo @entity4 -induced @entity3 remains to be determined. However, we show that suppression is dependent on other in vivo regulatory mechanisms in the host, that is, @entity9 (+) T cells, B cells, @entity6 , and circulating IgM. There was no increase in @entity8 (+) regulatory T cells in the spleen either before or after renal IRI. Collectively, these findings show that natural IgM anti-leukocyte Abs can switch BMDC to a regulatory phenotype despite the presence of @entity5 that ordinarily induces BMDC maturation.

title: Natural IgM Switches the Function of Lipopolysaccharide-Activated XXXX Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells to a Regulatory Dendritic Cell That Suppresses Innate Inflammation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Three abomasal infusion trials were to determine the first-limiting @entity3 for @entity7 retention of postweaned Holstein bull @entity0 fed a starter ration based on cereal by-product feeds. Ration ingredients contributed the following percentages of total @entity6 : @entity12 middlings 38, brewer's grains 24, hominy feed 21, oat hulls 10, distiller's grains 6, and molasses 1. Dry matter of the pelleted ration contained 13 to 14% crude protein and .23 to .26% @entity5 . Each trial was a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square with 9-day periods. @entity0 were weaned at 4 wk and infusions initiated at 5 to 6 wk of age. Abomasal infusion of the 10 essential @entity6 , an isonitrogenous quantity of an equimolar mixture of @entity2 , @entity11 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity4 , or an isocaloric quantity of @entity1 indicated that essential @entity3 (s) rather than nonspecific @entity7 or energy was limiting protein synthesis. Quadratic responses in urine @entity7 excretion and retained @entity7 occurred when 0, .3, .6, and 1.2 g @entity8 /kg starter ration were infused. Greatest responses occurred with .6 g @entity8 , which increased retained @entity7 11 and 19% and decreased urine @entity7 7 and 10%. The relationship between infused @entity8 and plasma @entity8 was linear. Infusions in all trials had no effect on digestibility of energy and @entity7 .

title: Response to abomasal infusion of @entity8 of weaned dairy XXXX fed a complete pelleted starter ration based on by-product feeds.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Three abomasal infusion trials were to determine the first-limiting @entity3 for @entity7 retention of postweaned Holstein bull @entity0 fed a starter ration based on cereal by-product feeds. Ration ingredients contributed the following percentages of total @entity6 : @entity12 middlings 38, brewer's grains 24, hominy feed 21, oat hulls 10, distiller's grains 6, and molasses 1. Dry matter of the pelleted ration contained 13 to 14% crude protein and .23 to .26% @entity5 . Each trial was a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square with 9-day periods. @entity0 were weaned at 4 wk and infusions initiated at 5 to 6 wk of age. Abomasal infusion of the 10 essential @entity6 , an isonitrogenous quantity of an equimolar mixture of @entity2 , @entity11 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity4 , or an isocaloric quantity of @entity1 indicated that essential @entity3 (s) rather than nonspecific @entity7 or energy was limiting protein synthesis. Quadratic responses in urine @entity7 excretion and retained @entity7 occurred when 0, .3, .6, and 1.2 g @entity8 /kg starter ration were infused. Greatest responses occurred with .6 g @entity8 , which increased retained @entity7 11 and 19% and decreased urine @entity7 7 and 10%. The relationship between infused @entity8 and plasma @entity8 was linear. Infusions in all trials had no effect on digestibility of energy and @entity7 .

title: Response to abomasal infusion of XXXX of weaned dairy @entity0 fed a complete pelleted starter ration based on by-product feeds.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The characterization of molecular changes in diseased tissues gives insight into pathophysiological mechanisms and is important for therapeutic development. Genome-wide gene expression analysis has proven valuable for identifying biological processes in @entity1 using post mortem @entity0 brain tissue and numerous datasets are publically available. However, many studies utilize heterogeneous tissue samples consisting of multiple cell types, all of which contribute to global gene expression values, confounding biological interpretation of the data. In particular, changes in numbers of neuronal and glial cells occurring in neurodegeneration confound transcriptomic analyses, particularly in @entity0 brain tissues where sample availability and controls are limited. To identify cell specific gene expression changes in @entity1 , we have applied our recently published computational deconvolution method, population specific expression analysis (PSEA). PSEA estimates cell-type-specific expression values using reference expression measures, which in the case of brain tissue comprises mRNAs with cell-type-specific expression in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. As an exercise in PSEA implementation and hypothesis development regarding @entity1 , we applied PSEA to @entity2 and @entity4 ( @entity3 , @entity4 ) datasets. Genes identified as differentially expressed in substantia nigra pars compacta neurons by PSEA were validated using external laser capture microdissection data. Network analysis and Annotation Clustering (DAVID) identified molecular processes implicated by differential gene expression in specific cell types. The results of these analyses provided new insights into the implementation of PSEA in brain tissues and additional refinement of molecular signatures in @entity0 @entity4 and @entity3 .

title: Computational deconvolution of genome wide expression data from @entity2 and XXXX brain tissues using population-specific expression analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The characterization of molecular changes in diseased tissues gives insight into pathophysiological mechanisms and is important for therapeutic development. Genome-wide gene expression analysis has proven valuable for identifying biological processes in @entity1 using post mortem @entity0 brain tissue and numerous datasets are publically available. However, many studies utilize heterogeneous tissue samples consisting of multiple cell types, all of which contribute to global gene expression values, confounding biological interpretation of the data. In particular, changes in numbers of neuronal and glial cells occurring in neurodegeneration confound transcriptomic analyses, particularly in @entity0 brain tissues where sample availability and controls are limited. To identify cell specific gene expression changes in @entity1 , we have applied our recently published computational deconvolution method, population specific expression analysis (PSEA). PSEA estimates cell-type-specific expression values using reference expression measures, which in the case of brain tissue comprises mRNAs with cell-type-specific expression in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. As an exercise in PSEA implementation and hypothesis development regarding @entity1 , we applied PSEA to @entity2 and @entity4 ( @entity3 , @entity4 ) datasets. Genes identified as differentially expressed in substantia nigra pars compacta neurons by PSEA were validated using external laser capture microdissection data. Network analysis and Annotation Clustering (DAVID) identified molecular processes implicated by differential gene expression in specific cell types. The results of these analyses provided new insights into the implementation of PSEA in brain tissues and additional refinement of molecular signatures in @entity0 @entity4 and @entity3 .

title: Computational deconvolution of genome wide expression data from XXXX and @entity4 brain tissues using population-specific expression analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) approach was developed and validated for the determination of @entity6 (GL) in @entity0 plasma and tissues using @entity3 as @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole MS system using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode in positive mode. Sample preparation was carried out through a liquid-liquid extraction with @entity2 . The chromatographic separation was achieved by using an Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq column with a mobile phase of 0.5% aqueous @entity5 (A) and @entity1 (B). The monitored transitions were set at m/z 391.14 > 271.10 for GL and m/z 285.08 > 193.10 for @entity4 , respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study of GL in @entity0 after intravenous administration. Good linearity was found between 2.5-2000ng/mL (r>0.996) for plasma samples, and calibration curves were also linear for other tissue samples over a wide range. The results indicated that GL has linear pharmacokinetic properties after intravenous administration at three doses. GL could distribute to tissues quickly and the major distribution tissue of GL in @entity0 was liver. This was the first report of pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution data for GL.

title: Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of XXXX in @entity0 by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) approach was developed and validated for the determination of @entity6 (GL) in @entity0 plasma and tissues using @entity3 as @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole MS system using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode in positive mode. Sample preparation was carried out through a liquid-liquid extraction with @entity2 . The chromatographic separation was achieved by using an Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq column with a mobile phase of 0.5% aqueous @entity5 (A) and @entity1 (B). The monitored transitions were set at m/z 391.14 > 271.10 for GL and m/z 285.08 > 193.10 for @entity4 , respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study of GL in @entity0 after intravenous administration. Good linearity was found between 2.5-2000ng/mL (r>0.996) for plasma samples, and calibration curves were also linear for other tissue samples over a wide range. The results indicated that GL has linear pharmacokinetic properties after intravenous administration at three doses. GL could distribute to tissues quickly and the major distribution tissue of GL in @entity0 was liver. This was the first report of pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution data for GL.

title: Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of @entity6 in XXXX by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The "Ice Bucket Challenge" was an activity launched to promote awareness of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and encourage donations to research for this disease. The campaign went viral on social media during July to August 2014. It consisted in nominating @entity0 and challenging them to donate 100 dollars to the @entity2 Association or pour a bucket of ice water over their head and post the video on the web. @entity0 in turn then had to challenge others to do the same. The initiative was hugely successful, involved millions of @entity0 and, just in the US, collected 35 times more money than in the same time period in 2013. We analyzed possible factors that determined the success of this initiative, to identify strengths and weaknesses of the activity and evaluate the possibility of applying the same model to promote @entity1 interventions. Several features of the challenge were identified as strengths: the involvement of wellknown @entity0 from different contexts, the "public platform" which triggers a positive combination of competitiveness, social pressure and narcissism, the chain-letter like method of nomination, the ironic and entertaining nature of the performance. Besides these strengths, weaknesses were also identified: information spread via social media can only partially reach potential donors and supporters, due to the digital divide phenomenon which excludes @entity0 who do not have web access. Also, it is not possible to predict if the message will be long-lasting or will cease shortly after the end of the campaign. The latter could be acceptable for fund-raising, where the aim is simply to collect as much money as possible, but not for a @entity1 intervention program, whose success requires that the intended message has a long-lasting effect to produce an effective change in @entity0 's behavior. Despite the above-mentioned limits, social networks undeniably show great potential to spread messages to the community and to involve a large number of @entity0 . Their use as a complementary tool to increase the effectiveness of @entity1 campaigns should therefore be encouraged.

title: [The "Ice Bucket Challenge": wondering about the impact of social networks to promote XXXX interventions].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A case of recurrent multiple @entity2 was presented. The @entity0 was a 27-year-old housewife. Four years ago, she underwent urgent resection of a left @entity4 and replacement of the interatrial septum with a patch graft by right atrial approach. The @entity1 was very friable and a part of the @entity1 dropped into cardiac chambers during the operation, and immediately saline lavage and aspiration were performed. The recovery was uneventful. On March, 1981, she was readmitted to our hospital because of increasing dry cough. Two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated abnormal masses in the right atrium, right ventricle, and left atrium. Open heart surgery revealed three independent @entity1 , which were successfully removed. All @entity1 were @entity3 histologically. The @entity0 returned to full-time housework again. A case of recurrent @entity3 has not been previously reported. The recurrence of the @entity3 in our case is thought to be caused by implantation of @entity1 cells during the initial operative procedure. Our case will suggest the malignant potentiality of @entity2 . The necessity of radical excision and gentle handling of the @entity1 during the operation are reemphasized. Postoperative follow-up study is also mandatory for early detection of the recurrence of this potentially malignant @entity1 .

title: [Recurrent multiple XXXX : report of a case].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 is fusiform dilatation of internal jugular vein seen in childrens. It usually occurs in @entity0 but can occur at any age. It usually presents as unilateral swelling in the neck found during coughing and shouting. It is usually asymptomatic, so it is often ignored or misdiagnosed. Differential diagnosis include laryngocele, @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity5 . Treatment is usually conservative as complications like @entity1 and @entity4 are very rare. Non invasive investigations like Doppler sonogram and are usually done to diagnose this condition. We report two cases of @entity6 , who presented to our out @entity0 department with history of swelling in the right side of neck which increases on crying and shouting. Doppler sonogram and ultrasound was done to diagnose the condition. There seems be lack of knowledge among medical fraternity in various specialities. So a questionnaire was prepared to assess the knowledge among resident doctors, general practitioners, Otorhinolaryngologists, paediatricians. Questionnaire was posted in social networking sites and the feedback was obtained. Out of the 150 interns in our hospital, only one (0.66  %) was able to explain about the condition. In general practitioners group containing 369 respondents, only 4 (1.08  %) knew the condition and have seen @entity0 . A pediatricians group containing 312 respondents only 23 (7.37  %) pediatricians knew the condition, 289 (92.62  %) @entity0 had no idea about the treatment. Otorhinolaryngologists group containing 328 respondents. 21 (6.40  %) knew the condition, 293 (89.3  %) have no idea. The Chi square test shows that the specialty of the respondent like pediatrician and ENT practitioner have more knowledge than the other for @entity6 at p  <  0.0001.

title: XXXX : clinical scenario in India.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Hematogenous @entity1 is the most common form of @entity1 in @entity3 , and reports have described successful resection of pulmonary metastases of such @entity2 . We report treatment outcomes after surgical resection of pulmonary metastases of @entity3 and identify prognostic factors. This clinicopathologic study investigated the clinical records of 16 @entity0 with pulmonary metastases of @entity3 (excepting cases of @entity4 ) who had undergone metastasectomy at our center during the period 2001-2012. The mean age of the 16 @entity0 (11 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 ) was 62.1  years. The mean interval between completion of successful treatment of the @entity2 and detection of pulmonary @entity1 was 21  months (range, 6-56  months). All @entity0 underwent pulmonary resection. The overall 1-year survival rate was 79.4  %, and the 2- to 5-year survival rate was 63.2  %. These rates compare favorably to those in previous reports on resection of pulmonary metastases. When prognostic factors for survival rates were compared, the factors associated with a negative prognosis were a disease-free interval of <12  months and partial resection of pulmonary metastases. Multivariate analysis did not reveal any prognostic factors associated with negative outcomes. Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases of @entity3 might improve outcomes.

title: Therapeutic outcome after resection of pulmonary XXXX from @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Hematogenous @entity1 is the most common form of @entity1 in @entity3 , and reports have described successful resection of pulmonary metastases of such @entity2 . We report treatment outcomes after surgical resection of pulmonary metastases of @entity3 and identify prognostic factors. This clinicopathologic study investigated the clinical records of 16 @entity0 with pulmonary metastases of @entity3 (excepting cases of @entity4 ) who had undergone metastasectomy at our center during the period 2001-2012. The mean age of the 16 @entity0 (11 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 ) was 62.1  years. The mean interval between completion of successful treatment of the @entity2 and detection of pulmonary @entity1 was 21  months (range, 6-56  months). All @entity0 underwent pulmonary resection. The overall 1-year survival rate was 79.4  %, and the 2- to 5-year survival rate was 63.2  %. These rates compare favorably to those in previous reports on resection of pulmonary metastases. When prognostic factors for survival rates were compared, the factors associated with a negative prognosis were a disease-free interval of <12  months and partial resection of pulmonary metastases. Multivariate analysis did not reveal any prognostic factors associated with negative outcomes. Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases of @entity3 might improve outcomes.

title: Therapeutic outcome after resection of pulmonary @entity1 from XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the underlying clinical decision-making rationale among general pediatricians, family physicians, pediatric cardiologists and pediatric nephrologists in their approach to an adolescent with @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted semi-structured phone interviews with a convenience sample of physicians from the above-mentioned 4 specialties. Each @entity0 was asked to "think aloud" regarding their approach to a hypothetical @entity0 - 12 year old @entity0 with persistent @entity1 for 6 months. Standardized open-ended questions about potential factors that could affect physicians' diagnosis and treatment strategies (e.g., @entity0 age) were used. Interviews were audio-recorded; transcribed verbatim; transcripts were independently coded by 2 investigators; emergent themes identified and inter-coder agreement achieved. Thematic analysis was performed based on grounded theory. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity0 included 5 general pediatricians, 5 pediatric cardiologists, 5 pediatric nephrologists and 4 family physicians. Five themes emerged: 1) Accuracy of blood pressure measurement and @entity1 diagnosis, 2) Shift in the epidemiology of pediatric @entity1 from secondary to primary @entity1 , 3) @entity0 characteristics considered in the decision to initiate workup, 4) Obesity-centered choice of diagnostic tests and lifestyle modifications, and 5) Variable threshold for initiating antihypertensive pharmacotherapy vs. referral to @entity1 specialists. CONCLUSIONS: There is variation across primary care and specialty physicians who provide care for @entity0 and adolescents with @entity1 . Key areas of variability include the willingness to initiate antihypertensive medications, the use of diagnostic tests (e.g., ambulatory blood pressure monitoring), and the perceived need for specialty referral. Further study is needed to assess whether different treatment paradigms result in differential @entity0 outcomes.

title: Underlying Rationale and Approach to Treat XXXX in Adolescents by Physicians of Different Specialty.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The circumstances under which a novel odor could elicit nipple attachment behavior in 3-day-old albino @entity0 were investigated. In Experiment 1, @entity0 suckled washed nipples scented with @entity3 (a lemon odor) only if they either had received tactile stimulation (by stroking with a soft artist's brush) or had been administered @entity1 in the presence of @entity3 prior to the suckling test. Pups stimulated in @entity3 's absence or simply exposed to @entity3 without stimulation failed to suckle such nipples. In Experiment 2, @entity0 stimulated in a @entity4 (an almond odor) ambience suckled washed nipples scented with @entity4 but not those with @entity3 scent. The opposite held for @entity0 stimulated in a @entity3 -rich environment. The stimulus conditions that support this conditioning were investigated in Experiment 3. Simultaneously increasing @entity3 concentration and raising ambient temperature markedly attenuated the phenomenon. Experiment 4 demonstrated that not all classes of stimulation produced conditioning. @entity2 , in a wide range of doses, did not allow @entity3 to elicit suckling on washed nipples. These findings are discussed within a framework of higher order conditioning. They may provide a mechanism by which naturally occurring stimuli come to elicit the species- and age-typical behavior of suckling.

title: Activation and odor conditioning of suckling behavior in 3-day-old albino XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine week 52 efficacy and safety outcomes in eyes with @entity3 after @entity4 ( @entity4 ) treated with 2 mg intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) compared with grid laser. DESIGN: VIBRANT was a double-masked, randomized, phase 3 trial. @entity0 : Eyes randomized and treated in VIBRANT were followed to week  52. METHODS: In the IAI group, eyes received IAI every 4 weeks through week 24 and IAI every 8 weeks through week 48 with rescue grid laser if needed at week 36. In the grid laser group, all eyes received grid laser at baseline and, if prespecified rescue criteria were met, 1 additional laser from week 12 to 20 and IAI every 8 weeks after 3 monthly doses from week 24 onward (the laser/IAI group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was percentage of eyes with improvement from baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) letter score >= 15 at week 24. All outcome measures at week 52 were exploratory, and P values are considered nominal. RESULTS: The percentage of eyes with improvement from baseline letter score >= 15 in the IAI and laser/IAI groups was 52.7% versus 26.7% (P  = 0.0003) at week 24 and 57.1% versus 41.1% (P  = 0.0296) at week 52. The corresponding mean change from baseline BCVA letter score was 17.0 versus 6.9 (P < 0.0001) at week 24 and 17.1 versus 12.2 (P  = 0.0035) at week 52. The mean reduction from baseline central retinal thickness was 280.5  m versus 128.0  m (P < 0.0001) at week 24 and 283.9  m versus 249.3  m (P  = 0.0218) at week 52. In the IAI group, 10.6% of eyes received rescue laser at week 36, and in the laser/IAI group, 80.7% received rescue IAI from week 24 to week 48. Traumatic @entity2 in 1 eye (1.1%) in the IAI group was the only ocular serious adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: After 6 monthly IAI, injections every 8 weeks maintained control of @entity3 and @entity1 through week 52. In the laser group, rescue IAI given from week 24 onward resulted in substantial visual improvements at week  52.

title: Intravitreal Aflibercept for Macular Edema Following Branch XXXX : 52-Week Results of the VIBRANT Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: MEPs are used as surrogate endpoints to predict the effectiveness of interventions, made in response to MEP deterioration, in avoiding new @entity1 . MEP performance in capturing intervention effects on these outcomes was investigated. METHODS: A meta-analysis of studies using MEPs during intracranial vascular surgeries between 2003 and 2014 was performed. MEP diagnostic performance and relative risk of new @entity1 for reversible compared with irreversible MEP changes were determined. Intervention efficacy in reversing MEP deterioration and postoperative outcomes was compared across studies. RESULTS: MEP diagnostic performance compared favorably with that of other tests used in medicine, with all likelihood ratios >10. The summary relative risk comparing reversible and irreversible changes was 0.40, indicating a 60% decrease in new deficits for reversible MEP changes. The proportion of @entity3 which recovered was negatively correlated with the proportion of new @entity1 (r=-0.81, p<.005). CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of interventions in recovering an MEP decline was predictive of preserved neurologic status. MEPs are provisionally qualified as surrogate endpoints given potentially major harms to the @entity0 if they are not used, compared to the minimal harms and costs associated with their use. SIGNIFICANCE: The performance of MEPs as substitute, or surrogate, endpoints during @entity2 in motor strength in the immediate postoperative period was directly assessed for ten recent studies.

title: An evaluation of motor evoked potential surrogate endpoints during XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Adequate early empiric antibiotic therapy is pivotal for the outcome of @entity0 with bloodstream infections. In clinical practice the use of surrogate laboratory parameters is frequently proposed to predict underlying bacterial pathogens; however there is no clear evidence for this assumption. In this study, we investigated the discriminatory capacity of predictive models consisting of routinely available laboratory parameters to predict the presence of Gram-positive or @entity1 . Major machine learning algorithms were screened for their capacity to maximize the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) for discriminating between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cases. Data from 23,765 @entity0 with clinically suspected @entity1 were screened and 1,180 bacteremic @entity0 were included in the study. A relative predominance of @entity1 (54.0%), which was more pronounced in females (59.1%), was observed. The final model achieved 0.675 ROC-AUC resulting in 44.57% sensitivity and 79.75% specificity. Various parameters presented a significant difference between both genders. In gender-specific models, the discriminatory potency was slightly improved. The results of this study do not support the use of surrogate laboratory parameters for predicting classes of causative pathogens. In this @entity0 cohort, gender-specific differences in various laboratory parameters were observed, indicating differences in the host response between genders.

title: Neither Single nor a Combination of Routine Laboratory Parameters can Discriminate between Gram-positive and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: For older individuals with multimorbidity the appropriateness of prescribing preventive medicines remains a challenge. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the prevalence and temporal trends in utilisation of preventive medicines in older New Zealanders from 2005 to 2013 stratified according to age, sex, ethnicity and district health board domicile. METHODS: A repeated cross-sectional analysis was conducted on pharmaceutical dispensing data for all individuals' >= 65 years. Variable medication possession ratio (VMPR) was used to measure adherence. Prescribing of low-dose @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity2 with a VMPR>= 0.8 were examined. RESULTS: @entity1 utilisation increased by 19.55% (95% CI: 19.39-19.70), @entity4 by 2.93% (95% CI: 2.88-2.97) and @entity6 decreased by 0.65% (95% CI: -0.70 to -0.59). Utilisation of @entity1 with @entity4 increased by 1.78% (95% CI: 1.74-1.81) and @entity1 with @entity6 increased by 0.54% (95% CI: 0.50-0.58%). @entity3 decreased by 0.87% (95% CI: -0.96 to -0.78) and @entity5 increased by 0.65% (95% CI: 0.60-0.70). Statins increased by 7.0% (95% CI: 6.82-7.18) and @entity2 decreased by 2.37% (95% CI: -2.44 to -2.30). @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity5 and statins utilisation showed a greater increase in males. Interestingly, @entity4 , @entity3 and statins use increased in older adults aged 85+ compared to the younger age groups (65-84 years). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the prevalence and trends of preventive medicines use in older @entity0 in New Zealand. This study may facilitate further research to examine the appropriateness of prescribing these medicines in older @entity0 with multimorbidity.

title: Temporal trends in the utilisation of preventive medicines by older XXXX : A 9-year population-based study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of major relapse and healthcare costs among @entity0 with @entity3 with @entity3 (GPA); to find @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in administrative databases, because no @entity5 diagnosis code exists; and to describe the clinical and economic burden associated with @entity5 . METHODS: Adults (>=  18 yrs) with >=  2 diagnoses of GPA [International Classification of Diseases-9-Clinical Modification ( @entity2 446.4)] during 2009-2013 were extracted from the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases. Evidence of major relapse (based on the Birmingham @entity1 Activity Score) and healthcare costs were collected during 12-month and 24-month followup periods. Adults with >=  2 diagnoses of unspecified @entity4 ( @entity2 447.6) were found as potential @entity0 with @entity5 and additional criteria based on clinical input were applied to refine the sample. Major relapse-associated conditions and healthcare costs in the 6 months pre- and post-diagnosis were measured. Costs were inflated to 2013 US . RESULTS: A total of 2784 @entity0 with GPA were found and 18.7% experienced a major relapse in the 12-month followup period. The @entity0 with a major relapse incurred higher average all-cause (12-month:  88,065 vs  30,682; p < 0.0001) and GPA-related costs (12-month:  61,636 vs  15,748; p < 0.0001) than @entity0 without a relapse. Trends were consistent over the 24-month followup period. There were 612 incident @entity0 with @entity5 . Following @entity5 diagnosis, healthcare costs nearly doubled ( 30,166 vs  56,642; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In a real-world setting, @entity0 with GPA who experience major relapse have higher economic burden, compared to @entity0 without a relapse. @entity5 diagnosis was associated with nearly a 2-fold increase in healthcare costs.

title: Clinical and Economic Burden of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated XXXX in the United States.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report 25 @entity0 with oligoarticular @entity3 associated with @entity6 . There were 16 @entity0 (male/female ratio 1.8:1); ages ranged from 2 to 15 years. Thirteen (52%) @entity0 had no history of erythema chronicum @entity9 or other @entity5 . Thirteen had temperatures as high as 41 degrees C for up to 2 months before the onset of @entity3 . Twelve recalled @entity8 . Ten (40%) @entity0 , of whom seven had no history of @entity5 , were hospitalized for presumed @entity7 . Another four had diagnoses of @entity10 juvenile @entity1 for as long as 3 years. Seven @entity0 had less acute, recurrent episodes of @entity2 . Two @entity0 had seventh nerve @entity4 2 months before onset of @entity3 . All patients had antibodies to the Lyme spirochete. In 14 @entity0 , synovial fluid white blood cell counts ranged from 180 to 97,700/mm3 (greater than or equal to 76% polymorphonuclear leukocytes). Antibiotic therapy was effective in all @entity0 ; in 13, orally administered therapy alone resulted in elimination of @entity2 and recurrent attacks. @entity3 may be confused with acute @entity7 or recurrent " @entity10 juvenile @entity1 ," particularly when there is no history of erythema chronicum @entity9 .

title: Childhood XXXX : experience in an endemic area.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Custom oral appliances that adjustably advance the mandible provide superior outcomes when treating @entity0 with moderate or severe @entity4 . Custom appliances, however, are expensive, must be fitted by a dentist, and the likelihood of successful outcomes are difficult to predict. An inexpensive trial appliance, if proven efficacious, might be used to predict custom appliance outcomes or to provide temporary therapeutic benefit. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this initial study was to assess the treatment efficacy of a novel titration oral appliance with that of an optimized custom appliance. METHODS: Seventeen @entity0 , treated with a custom oral appliance for at least one year, successfully completed a three-night home sleep test. The @entity2 severity was established on Night 1 with seven @entity0 exhibiting severe, six moderate and four mild @entity3 / @entity4 indexes. @entity0 were randomly assigned to wear their custom appliance or the titration appliance on Nights 2 and 3. RESULTS: Significant reductions in the mean overall and supine @entity3 indexes (p < 0.05), and the overall (p < 0.01) and supine (p < 0.05) @entity3 / @entity4 indexes were observed for both the titration and custom appliances. The proportion of @entity0 who exhibited at least a 50% reduction in the overall @entity3 index and supine @entity3 / @entity4 were similar for the titration and custom appliance (~60%). The custom appliance reduced the overall @entity3 / @entity4 index by 50% in a greater proportion of the @entity0 compared to the titration appliance (77% vs. 53%). The titration appliance significantly reduced the degree of @entity5 exposure across @entity1 breathing events overall (p < 0.05) and supine (p < 0.01). @entity0 found their custom appliance was more comfortable than the titration appliance, but preferred the titration appliance to no therapy. CONCLUSION: The titration appliance may be useful in assessing oral appliance treatment efficacy. When set to 70% of maximum protrusion, the titration appliance may provide immediate, temporary therapeutic benefit.

title: Initial Evaluation of a Titration Appliance for Temporary Treatment of Obstructive Sleep XXXX .

answer: @entity3