abstract: Spontaneous @entity2 have been studied by light and electron microscopy in female C57BL/6J @entity1 at 2 1/2, 11, 15, 22, 23, 24 and 30 months. @entity0 were evident macroscopically in greater than 50% of @entity1 22 months or older, and greater than 80% on microscopic evaluation. Active and hypertrophied mammotrophs were the predominant cell type within the @entity0 at 22-30 months, often totally filling large portions of the @entity0 mass. Exocytosis of secretory granules was extensive from the mammotrophs, but much less abundant from other parenchymal cells. Somatotrophs and gonadotrophs were also present, and appeared active and often strikingly hypertrophied. The @entity0 were characterized by disruptions of parenchymal and capillary integrity which resulted in the formation of large vascular lakes lined solely by @entity0 cells, generally mammotrophs. Apparent metastasis of @entity0 cells into the vascular lakes was also observed. In 11- and 15-month @entity1 small @entity0 or pretumor foci were evident in some @entity1 on microscopic evaluation, although they were not visible macroscopically. Their degree of development was somewhat variable, but they had essentially the same features as more advanced @entity0 in older @entity1 . pretumor foci were characterized by more moderate disruptions of parenchymal cell and capillary integrity; cellular @entity3 , particularly of somatotrophs and gonadotrophs; and the presence of small vascular lakes. In 2 1/2-month @entity1 @entity0 could not be localized macroscopically or microscopically, and the pituitary was composed of well-defined cell cords and an intact capillary bed. However, small focal zones of capillary and tissue disruption were apparent occasionally in 2 1/2-month @entity1 . These findings indicate that the process of pituitary tumorigenesis in female C57BL/6J @entity1 is initiated by midlife, with subsequent progressive development into large, mammotroph-dominated @entity0 .

title: Pituitary tumorigenesis in aging female C57BL/6J XXXX : a light and electron microscopic study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 are @entity1 of the arachnoid cap cells. Usually they are referred to according to their location. They are primarily treated with surgery. They tend to recur following surgery. @entity4 frequently present with @entity2 . Our @entity0 is a case of recurrent @entity4 . The visual acuity in one eye was No Perception of Light( @entity6 ). From @entity6 , the visual acuity improved to 6/12 in six months after @entity5 ( @entity5 ). This case emphasizes the importance and the need for aggressive management. It also shows the use of radiotherapy techniques used in synergy to produce the necessary results.

title: Regaining vision from no perception of light after radiotherapy for a case of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE:: Our aim was to analyze the relationship for 3 elective operations between outcome [ @entity0 -reported outcome measures (PROMs) for functional status, health-related quality of life, and @entity1 ] and both hospital and consultant volume. METHODS:: Hospitals ( @entity3 and independent) and consultants undertaking at least 10 @entity3 -funded procedures during 2011/2012 were included (230 hospitals for hip and knee replacement, 257 for @entity2 repair; 978 consultants for hip replacement, 1172 for knee replacement, and 1288 for @entity2 repair). Outcomes (disease-specific and generic PROMs, @entity0 -reported complications) were available from the @entity3 National PROMs Programme for 2009/2010 to 2011/2012. Relationship between case-mix adjusted outcomes and volume investigated using multilevel modeling. RESULTS:: There was considerable variation in hospital volumes (about 10-fold) and consultant volumes (about 5-fold). No significant association was observed between hospital volume and outcome for all 3 procedures. For consultant volume, there was no significant association for knee replacement or @entity2 repair. However, outcomes were statistically significantly better for hip replacement, although the effect was of little clinical significance: an additional 10 cases was associated with a higher Oxford Hip Score (0.06), higher EQ-5D score (0.001), and lower odds ratio of complications (0.992). CONCLUSIONS:: There are unlikely to be any benefits to @entity0 from centralization of elective surgery into higher volume hospitals as regards the effectiveness of surgery or the avoidance of minor complications. There is some evidence that very low volume consultants achieve poorer outcomes than higher volume colleagues but the difference is slight and of little or no clinical significance.

title: Relationship Between XXXX -reported Outcomes of Elective Surgery and Hospital and Consultant Volume.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Computed tomography angiography (CTA) detects signs of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in about 67.5% of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) at the time of diagnosis and early @entity2 in 15%. The outcome of CTA-findings of @entity3 upon glucocorticoid treatment has not been prospectively evaluated.The aim of our study was to prospectively assess glucocorticoid-induced changes in CTA findings of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 .Forty biopsy-proven @entity1 @entity0 evaluated by CTA at diagnosis were prospectively followed and scheduled a new CTA approximately after 1 year of treatment. Vessel wall thickening, diameter, and contrast enhancement of the aorta and its tributaries were evaluated. Results were compared to those obtained at the time of diagnosis.CTA was repeated to 35 @entity0 after a median follow-up of 13.5 months (IQ25-75% 12.4-15.8). Arterial wall thickening was still present in 17 @entity0 (68% of the @entity0 who initially had @entity3 ). The number of affected segments and wall thickness at various aortic segments significantly decreased and no @entity0 developed new lesions, new aortic dilation or increase in previous dilation. Contrast enhancement disappeared in 15 (93.75%) of 16 @entity0 in whom this finding could be assessed.Signs of @entity3 improve with treatment. While contrast enhancement resolves in the majority of @entity0 , vessel wall thickening persists in two thirds. However, the number of affected aortic segments as well as aortic wall thickness significantly decreases. Longer follow-up is necessary to determine the clinical significance of persisting wall thickening and its relationship with relapses or subsequent development of @entity2 or large-vessel stenoses.

title: Effect of Glucocorticoid Treatment on Computed Tomography Angiography Detected Large-Vessel Inflammation in XXXX . A Prospective, Longitudinal Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two cholinesterase (ChE) fractions were extracted from homogenates of @entity0 skeletal muscle. One of them the sarcoplasmic ChE could be dissolved quantitatively with solution A. Following the extraction with solution B the myofibrillar ChE fraction could be recovered. The @entity1 of the sarcoplasmic extract was about 38% and the activity of myofibrillar extract was about 50% of the @entity1 of muscle homogenates. According to our calculations about 10-12% of the total @entity1 is insoluble. By the aid of PAGE seven zones of @entity1 could be distinguished in the sarcoplasmic extract. The activity of myofibrillar ChE-fraction was obtained by chromatographic purification of LMM. The LMM1 proved to be inhomogeneous with PAGE, however, only one fraction displayed @entity1 . Immune-serum produced against myosin did not give reaction with purified sarcoplasmic ChE, only with the myofibrillar fraction. Our results suggest that the heterogeneous distribution of muscle ChE-es in different molecular forms is not an artifact.

title: Distribution of cholinesterases of XXXX skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chronic @entity5 is a common symptom of @entity2 and often persists in the absence of gut @entity3 . Although the mechanisms responsible for ongoing @entity4 are unknown, clinical and preclinical evidence suggests lumbosacral spinal cord dorsal horn neurons contribute to these symptoms. At present, we know little about the intrinsic and synaptic properties of this population of neurons in either normal or inflammed conditions. Therefore, we developed an in vivo preparation to make patch-clamp recordings from superficial dorsal horn (SDH) neurons receiving colonic inputs in na  ve male @entity1 . Recordings were made in the lumbosacral spinal cord (L6-S1) under @entity6 anesthesia. Noxious @entity0 ( @entity0 ) was used to determine whether SDH neurons received inputs from mechanical stimulation/distension of the colon. Responses to hind paw/tail cutaneous stimulation and intrinsic and synaptic properties were also assessed, as well as action potential discharge properties. Approximately 11% of lumbosacral SDH neurons in the cohort of neurons sampled responded to @entity0 and a majority of these responses were subthreshold. Most @entity0 (80%) also responded to cutaneous stimuli, compared with <50% of @entity0 -non-responsive neurons. Furthermore, @entity0 had more hyperpolarized resting membrane potentials, larger rheobase currents, and reduced levels of excitatory drive, compared to @entity0 -non-responsive neurons. Our results demonstrate that @entity0 can be distinguished from @entity0 -non-responsive neurons by several differences in their membrane properties and excitatory synaptic inputs. We also demonstrate that SDH neurons with colonic inputs show predominately subthreshold responses to @entity0 and exhibit a high degree of viscerosomatic convergence.

title: In vivo characterization of colorectal and cutaneous inputs to lumbosacral dorsal horn neurons in the XXXX spinal cord.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Benign @entity4 (BMNG) is the most common @entity6 requiring surgery. During the last few years a more @entity1 approach has become the trend for bilateral BMNG treatment. METHOD: Randomized clinical trials of any size that compared bilateral subtotal resection, Dunhill procedure and total thyroidectomy for benign @entity4 , published between January 2000 and the end of March 2015, were reviewed. DISCUSSION: Total thyroidectomy can be considered the most reliable approach in preventing recurrence. The Dunhill procedure is related to a higher rate of recurrence, but rarely recurrences after Dunhill procedure lead to reoperation. Total thyroidectomy avoid completion thyroidectomy for incidental @entity2 and its related risks. Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy becomes less common as surgical experience increases. Transient and @entity5 is strictly related to the extent of neck dissection. In the risk-cost analysis we must consider the type of @entity0 candidated to surgery and the impact of the surgical protocol we apply. When thyroid surgery is taken in consideration, specific complication rates of different procedures in each hospital must be analyzed accordingly to @entity0 -specific risk factors and local expertise. CONCLUSION: The Dunhill procedure seems to be a good compromise between radicality and prevention of complications, avoiding reoperation for recurrence or completion thyroidectomy for incidental @entity3 . More follow-up studies and prospective studies are necessary to better evaluate, definitively, whether to prefer total thyroidectomy or Dunhill procedure in case of benign goiter surgery.

title: XXXX : What is the adequate surgical therapy? A review of literature.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (DCA) is the continuous counterregulation of cerebral blood flow to fluctuations in blood pressure. DCA can become impaired after @entity1 , but it remains unclear to what extent and over what interval this occurs. METHODS: We included 28 @entity0 (NIHSS = 12    6.5, age = 68.4    17.1, 16F) with acute large-vessel @entity2 in the middle cerebral artery territory and 29 healthy controls (mean age 54.9    9, 16F). DCA was assessed by simultaneous measurement of blood pressure together with blood flow velocities using finger plethysmography/arterial catheter and transcranial Doppler over three 10-minute recordings on days 0-2, 3-6 and >= 7 days after @entity1 . Transfer function analysis was applied to calculate average phase shift (PS) in the low frequency range (0.06-0.12 Hz). Less PS indicated poorer autoregulation. The affected side was compared with the unaffected side and controls. Univariate comparisons of data were performed using t tests at single time points, and generalized estimating equations with an exchangeable correlation matrix to examine the change in PS over time. RESULTS: At mean 1.3    0.5 days after @entity1 the average PS in the affected hemisphere was 29.6    10.5 vs. 42.5    13 degrees in the unaffected hemisphere (p = 0.004). At 4.1    1 days, the PS in affected and unaffected hemisphere was 23.2    19.1 vs. 41.7    18.5 degrees, respectively (p = 0.003). At mean 9.75    2.2 days @entity1 there was no difference between the affected and the unaffected hemisphere (53.2    28.2 vs. 50.7    29.2 degrees, p = 0.69). Control subjects had an average PS = 47.9    16.8, significantly different from @entity0 ' affected hemisphere at the first two measurements (p = 0.001), but not the third (p = 0.37). The PS in controls remained unchanged on repeat testing after an average 19.1 days (48.4    17.1, p = 0.61). Using the last recording as the reference, the average PS in the affected hemisphere was -23.54 (-44.1, -3) degrees lower on recording one (p = 0.025), and -31.6 (-56.1, -7.1) degrees lower on recording two (p < 0.011). Changes in the unaffected hemisphere over time were nonsignificant. DISCUSSION: These data suggest that dynamic cerebral autoregulation is impaired in the affected hemisphere throughout the first week after large-vessel @entity2 , and then normalizes by week two. These findings may have important implications for acute blood pressure management after @entity1 .

title: Dynamic cerebral autoregulation is transiently impaired for one week after large-vessel acute XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: Body cell mass is directly proportional to the bioimpedance phase-angle which is an indicator of the amount of electrical charge that cell membranes can hold and is an index of cellular health and function. To evaluate whether the bioimpedance phase angle is relevant for indicating catabolism in @entity0 with @entity1 and whether it discriminates between @entity0 with @entity1 receiving different types of therapy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 182 @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 and 107 age- and BMI-matched control subjects. The phase angle was measured at 5, 50 and 100 kHz using multifrequency bioimpedance analysis. The phase angles were compared among different @entity1 therapy groups (untreated @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity0 receiving oral antidiabetic drugs and @entity0 receiving insulin therapy). RESULTS: The phase angle at 100 kHz strongly correlated with total body @entity3 (r  =  0.70, P  =  0.001), and was therefore a good indicator of body cell mass. The phase angle at 100 kHz discriminated more strongly between @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 and control subjects than did the phase angle at 50 kHz. Compared with control subjects, @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 had a smaller phase angle at 100 kHz ( @entity0 : 5.2   vs. 4.5  , P  <  0.0001; @entity0 : 4.8   vs. 4.2  , P  <  0.0001) and a smaller phase angle at 50 kHz ( @entity0 : 5.9   vs. 5.3  , P  <  0.0001; @entity0 : 5.4   vs. 4.8  , P  =  0.0001), but a larger phase angle at 5 kHz ( @entity0 : 2.0   vs. 2.6  , P  =  0.0001; @entity0 : 2.3   vs. 3.0  , P  =  0.00001). Phase angle ratios better discriminated between @entity0 and control subjects than phase angles alone (phase angle at 5  kHz/ phase angle at 50 kHz ratio, P  =  1.51  *  10(-16) ; phase angle at 5kHz/phase angle at 100  kHz ratio, P  =  2.13  *  10(-15) ). No differences were found among phase angles in the different therapy groups. In @entity0 with @entity1 , the phase angle at 50 kHz and the phase angle at 100 kHz correlated inversely with duration of disease ( @entity0 : P  =  0.026, P  =  0.016; @entity0 : only phase angle at 100 kHz, P  =  0.003) and with HbA1c concentration ( @entity0 : P  =  0.010, P  =  0.001; @entity0 : P  =  0.007, P  =  0.043). CONCLUSIONS: The phase angle at 100 kHz is a promising measurement for assessing catabolic state in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Bioimpedance phase angle indicates catabolism in XXXX 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: Body cell mass is directly proportional to the bioimpedance phase-angle which is an indicator of the amount of electrical charge that cell membranes can hold and is an index of cellular health and function. To evaluate whether the bioimpedance phase angle is relevant for indicating catabolism in @entity0 with @entity1 and whether it discriminates between @entity0 with @entity1 receiving different types of therapy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 182 @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 and 107 age- and BMI-matched control subjects. The phase angle was measured at 5, 50 and 100 kHz using multifrequency bioimpedance analysis. The phase angles were compared among different @entity1 therapy groups (untreated @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity0 receiving oral antidiabetic drugs and @entity0 receiving insulin therapy). RESULTS: The phase angle at 100 kHz strongly correlated with total body @entity3 (r  =  0.70, P  =  0.001), and was therefore a good indicator of body cell mass. The phase angle at 100 kHz discriminated more strongly between @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 and control subjects than did the phase angle at 50 kHz. Compared with control subjects, @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 had a smaller phase angle at 100 kHz ( @entity0 : 5.2   vs. 4.5  , P  <  0.0001; @entity0 : 4.8   vs. 4.2  , P  <  0.0001) and a smaller phase angle at 50 kHz ( @entity0 : 5.9   vs. 5.3  , P  <  0.0001; @entity0 : 5.4   vs. 4.8  , P  =  0.0001), but a larger phase angle at 5 kHz ( @entity0 : 2.0   vs. 2.6  , P  =  0.0001; @entity0 : 2.3   vs. 3.0  , P  =  0.00001). Phase angle ratios better discriminated between @entity0 and control subjects than phase angles alone (phase angle at 5  kHz/ phase angle at 50 kHz ratio, P  =  1.51  *  10(-16) ; phase angle at 5kHz/phase angle at 100  kHz ratio, P  =  2.13  *  10(-15) ). No differences were found among phase angles in the different therapy groups. In @entity0 with @entity1 , the phase angle at 50 kHz and the phase angle at 100 kHz correlated inversely with duration of disease ( @entity0 : P  =  0.026, P  =  0.016; @entity0 : only phase angle at 100 kHz, P  =  0.003) and with HbA1c concentration ( @entity0 : P  =  0.010, P  =  0.001; @entity0 : P  =  0.007, P  =  0.043). CONCLUSIONS: The phase angle at 100 kHz is a promising measurement for assessing catabolic state in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Bioimpedance phase angle indicates catabolism in @entity2 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Plasma @entity4 /high-density lipoprotein @entity2 ratios (TG/HDL-C) have been shown to identify apparently healthy individuals at increased cardio-metabolic risk. This study evaluates the utility of this approach in @entity0 at risk of developing @entity1 . METHODS: Individuals (n=1010) in a private practice identified at increased risk of type 2 @entity1 (T2DM) by American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist criteria, were evaluated. Subjects had measurements of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), lipid/lipoprotein concentrations, highly sensitive @entity6 (hs-CRP), and @entity5 , insulin and c-peptide concentrations during a 75gm, @entity5 challenge. The TG/HDL-C ratio was used to stratify individuals into high (highest quartile) vs. low (lowest 3 quartiles) risk categories. RESULTS: TG/HDL-C ratios identifying the highest quartile differed in @entity0 (>=  3.0) and @entity0 (>=  2.0). Using these cut-points, the high risk group for @entity0 and @entity0 had significantly higher BP, a more adverse lipid profile, was more insulin resistant as assessed by HOMA-IR, or the Matsuda index and had higher hs-CRP concentrations for @entity0 and @entity0 . Combined, approximately 25% of highest quartile @entity0 expressed values >=  3.0 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: The TG/HDL-C ratio provides a simple approach to identify individuals at accentuated cardio-metabolic risk within a population of perceived increased risk of T2DM. This was particularly the case as regards the presence of insulin resistance. Given the many syndromes associated with insulin resistance, including T2DM and @entity3 , an elevated TG/HDL-C ratio supports more aggressive efforts to enhance insulin sensitivity.

title: XXXX /High-Density Lipoprotein @entity2 Concentration Ratio Identifies Accentuated Cardio-Metabolic Risk.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Plasma @entity4 /high-density lipoprotein @entity2 ratios (TG/HDL-C) have been shown to identify apparently healthy individuals at increased cardio-metabolic risk. This study evaluates the utility of this approach in @entity0 at risk of developing @entity1 . METHODS: Individuals (n=1010) in a private practice identified at increased risk of type 2 @entity1 (T2DM) by American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist criteria, were evaluated. Subjects had measurements of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), lipid/lipoprotein concentrations, highly sensitive @entity6 (hs-CRP), and @entity5 , insulin and c-peptide concentrations during a 75gm, @entity5 challenge. The TG/HDL-C ratio was used to stratify individuals into high (highest quartile) vs. low (lowest 3 quartiles) risk categories. RESULTS: TG/HDL-C ratios identifying the highest quartile differed in @entity0 (>=  3.0) and @entity0 (>=  2.0). Using these cut-points, the high risk group for @entity0 and @entity0 had significantly higher BP, a more adverse lipid profile, was more insulin resistant as assessed by HOMA-IR, or the Matsuda index and had higher hs-CRP concentrations for @entity0 and @entity0 . Combined, approximately 25% of highest quartile @entity0 expressed values >=  3.0 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: The TG/HDL-C ratio provides a simple approach to identify individuals at accentuated cardio-metabolic risk within a population of perceived increased risk of T2DM. This was particularly the case as regards the presence of insulin resistance. Given the many syndromes associated with insulin resistance, including T2DM and @entity3 , an elevated TG/HDL-C ratio supports more aggressive efforts to enhance insulin sensitivity.

title: @entity4 /High-Density Lipoprotein XXXX Concentration Ratio Identifies Accentuated Cardio-Metabolic Risk.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( @entity6 ), also known as @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and its receptor @entity5 have been correlated with poor prognosis in many @entity3 types including @entity0 . Herein, we investigated the prognostic impact of @entity6 and @entity5 expression in @entity3 epithelial and stromal compartments in primary @entity0 and axillary lymph node @entity2 . In addition, the density of @entity4 + @entity3 -associated macrophages (TAMs) and CD3+ T-lymphocytes was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumor tissue was obtained at the time of primary surgery from 68 prior treatment @entity0 @entity1 , 38 with axillary lymph node @entity2 and 30 @entity1 without @entity2 . Digital video analysis was performed on immunohistochemically stained slides. RESULTS: The expression of @entity6 , @entity5 and the density of TAMs and CD3+ T-lymphocytes were then correlated to @entity2 and disease-specific mortality. Metastasized primary @entity3 had higher @entity3 epithelial and stromal expressions of @entity6 (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively) and @entity5 (both p=0.03) compared to non-metastatic @entity3 . Similar findings were made for the density of @entity4 + (p=0.003) and CD3+ cells in the @entity3 epithelium (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, a high @entity3 epithelial expression of @entity6 in primary @entity0 predicted mortality (hazard ratio (HR)=8.6, p=0.039). CONCLUSION: High expression of @entity6 and @entity5 and high density of TAMs and CD3+ T-lymphocytes were related to @entity0 progression. @entity6 expression in @entity3 epithelium predicted @entity0 mortality.

title: Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor ( XXXX ) Predicts @entity0 Progression and Mortality.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( @entity6 ), also known as @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and its receptor @entity5 have been correlated with poor prognosis in many @entity3 types including @entity0 . Herein, we investigated the prognostic impact of @entity6 and @entity5 expression in @entity3 epithelial and stromal compartments in primary @entity0 and axillary lymph node @entity2 . In addition, the density of @entity4 + @entity3 -associated macrophages (TAMs) and CD3+ T-lymphocytes was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumor tissue was obtained at the time of primary surgery from 68 prior treatment @entity0 @entity1 , 38 with axillary lymph node @entity2 and 30 @entity1 without @entity2 . Digital video analysis was performed on immunohistochemically stained slides. RESULTS: The expression of @entity6 , @entity5 and the density of TAMs and CD3+ T-lymphocytes were then correlated to @entity2 and disease-specific mortality. Metastasized primary @entity3 had higher @entity3 epithelial and stromal expressions of @entity6 (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively) and @entity5 (both p=0.03) compared to non-metastatic @entity3 . Similar findings were made for the density of @entity4 + (p=0.003) and CD3+ cells in the @entity3 epithelium (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, a high @entity3 epithelial expression of @entity6 in primary @entity0 predicted mortality (hazard ratio (HR)=8.6, p=0.039). CONCLUSION: High expression of @entity6 and @entity5 and high density of TAMs and CD3+ T-lymphocytes were related to @entity0 progression. @entity6 expression in @entity3 epithelium predicted @entity0 mortality.

title: Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor ( @entity6 ) Predicts XXXX Progression and Mortality.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of metastatic @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is rapidly evolving. Rationalisation of treatment requires identification of those @entity0 more likely to benefit from a particular therapy. We reviewed the outcome of @entity0 treated with @entity5 at our Institution to describe factors predictive for response. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with CRCP treated with @entity5 were identified. Baseline variables and potential prognostic factors were extracted from electronic records. Outcome measures included @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity4 (PSA) response and time to PSA progression (TTPP). The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze survival data. RESULTS: A total of 61 @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. In multivariate analysis, three independent predictors of @entity3 were identified: Duration of response to @entity2 deprivation therapy (ADT) (hazard ratio(HR)=0.95, p=0.006), performance status (HR=7.4, p=0.013), and baseline haemoglobin (HR=0.47, p <=0.001). CONCLUSION: This study has identified three factors predictive for response to @entity5 in @entity1 . Duration of response to ADT has not been previously shown to be a predictive factor for @entity0 with CRCP. We suggest that a prospective validation is required.

title: Predictive factors for response to XXXX in metastatic @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of metastatic @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is rapidly evolving. Rationalisation of treatment requires identification of those @entity0 more likely to benefit from a particular therapy. We reviewed the outcome of @entity0 treated with @entity5 at our Institution to describe factors predictive for response. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with CRCP treated with @entity5 were identified. Baseline variables and potential prognostic factors were extracted from electronic records. Outcome measures included @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity4 (PSA) response and time to PSA progression (TTPP). The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze survival data. RESULTS: A total of 61 @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. In multivariate analysis, three independent predictors of @entity3 were identified: Duration of response to @entity2 deprivation therapy (ADT) (hazard ratio(HR)=0.95, p=0.006), performance status (HR=7.4, p=0.013), and baseline haemoglobin (HR=0.47, p <=0.001). CONCLUSION: This study has identified three factors predictive for response to @entity5 in @entity1 . Duration of response to ADT has not been previously shown to be a predictive factor for @entity0 with CRCP. We suggest that a prospective validation is required.

title: Predictive factors for response to @entity5 in metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Rates of H+ secretion and transepithelial resistance were measured for gastric mucosas from neonatal piglets before and after the addition of @entity0 and with the deployment of conditions that inhibit @entity1 secretion. At designated times tissue biopsy specimens were taken and prepared for electron microscopy. Oxyntic cell morphology was evaluated by classification of the cells into one of four categories: resting, partially stimulated, stimulated, or returning. Morphologic profiles for each experimental condition were thus established. In order to assess this method of quantitation, detailed morphometric analyses of oxyntic cells from resting and stimulated preparations were undertaken. The observed differences in tubulovesicular and microvillar surface densities were similar to those of previous investigators and correlated well with the morphologic profiles for these conditions. Actively secreting gastric preparations subjected to 15 mM @entity2 , substrate deprivation, or removal of @entity0 showed an inhibition of @entity1 secretion coupled with an increase in tissue resistance. However, only the morphologic profile of cells from the latter condition was different from that observed for control stimulated cells; @entity0 removal caused cells to be predominantly of a resting or returning morphology. Treatment of resting tissue with SCN- or removal of substrate inhibited subsequent @entity0 -induced secretion though tissue resistance decreased somewhat (approximately 15%). The morphologic profile of cells from these conditions was similar to that of control stimulated cells, despite the lack of acid secretion. These data support the hypothesis that oxyntic cell morphology does not absolutely dictate the secretory state of the tissue and that the resistance of gastric mucosa cannot be accounted for solely by the ultrastructure (i.e., surface area) of oxyntic cells.

title: Inhibition of XXXX secretion and the effects on ultrastructure and electrical resistance in isolated piglet gastric mucosa.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disuse @entity5 and @entity4 have been extensively reported in long duration space mission and long term bed rest. The pathology of the @entity4 is similar to @entity1 but highly confined to weight bearing bones. The current anabolic and/or anti-resorptive drugs have systemic effects and are costly over extended time, with concerns of long term @entity2 risk. This study use @entity3 ( @entity3 ) as a non-invasive acoustic force and anabolic stimulus to countermeasure disuse induced @entity4 . Four-month old C57BL/6 @entity0 were randomized into five groups, 1) age-matched (AM), 2) non-suspended sham (NS), 3) non-suspended- @entity3 (NU), 4) suspended sham (SS), and 5) suspended- @entity3 (SU) groups. After four weeks of suspension,  CT analyses showed significant decreases in trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (-36%, p<0.005), bone @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (-3%, p<0.05), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (-12.5%, p<0.005), and increase in bone surface/bone volume (+BS/BV) (+16%, p<0.005), relative to age-matched (AM). The application of @entity3 for 20min/day for 5days/week, significantly increased @entity6 (+3%, p<0.05), Tb.Th (+6%, p<0.05), and decreased BS/BV (-10%, p<0.005), relative to suspension alone (SS) @entity0 . Histomorphometry analyses showed a breakdown of bone microstructure under disuse conditions consist with  CT results. In comparison to SS @entity0 , @entity3 treated bone showed increased structural integrity with increased bone formation rates at metaphysical endosteal and trabecular surfaces (+0.104  0.07 vs 0.031  0.30 m(3)/ m(2)/day) relative to SS. Four-point bending mechanical tests of disused SS femurs showed reduced elastic modulus (-53%, p<0.05), yield (-33%, p<0.05) and ultimate strength (-45%, p<0.05) at the femoral diaphysis relative to AM bone. @entity3 stimulation mitigated the adverse effects of disuse on bone elastic modulus (+42%, p<0.05), yield strength (+29%, p<0.05), and ultimate strength (+39%, p<0.05) relative to SS femurs. @entity3 provides the essential mechanical stimulus to retain bone morphological and mechanical integrity in disuse conditions. This study demonstrates @entity3 potential as regional therapeutic agent to countermeasure disuse induced @entity4 while maintaining bone's integrity.

title: Dynamic acoustic radiation force retains bone structural and mechanical integrity in a functional disuse XXXX model.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of @entity7 ; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously reported that chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding synergistically induces hepatic recruitment of neutrophils, which contributes to @entity3 . In this paper, we investigated the roles of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding-induced hepatic neutrophil infiltration and @entity3 . Wild-type and two strains of iNKT cell-deficient @entity0 ( @entity4 - and Ja18-deficient @entity0 ) were subjected to chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding. @entity3 and @entity1 were examined. Chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding synergistically increased the number of hepatic iNKT cells and induced their activation, compared with chronic feeding or binge alone. iNKT cell-deficient @entity0 were protected from chronic-plus-binge ethanol-induced hepatic neutrophil infiltration and @entity3 . Moreover, chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding markedly upregulated the hepatic expression of several genes associated with @entity1 and neutrophil recruitment in wild-type @entity0 , but induction of these genes was abrogated in iNKT cell-deficient @entity0 . Importantly, several cytokines and chemokines (e.g., @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity2 , @entity5 and osteopontin) involved in neutrophil infiltration were upregulated in hepatic NKT cells isolated from chronic-plus-binge ethanol-fed @entity0 compared to pair-fed @entity0 . Finally, treatment with @entity4 blocking antibody, which blocks iNKT cell activation, partially prevented chronic-plus-binge ethanol-induced @entity3 and @entity1 . Chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding activates hepatic iNKT cells, which play a critical role in the development of early alcoholic @entity3 , in part by releasing mediators that recruit neutrophils to the liver, and thus, iNKT cells represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of @entity6 .Cellular _ Molecular Immunology advance online publication, 9 February 2015; doi:10.1038/cmi.2015.06.

title: Invariant natural killer T cells contribute to chronic-plus-binge ethanol-mediated XXXX by promoting hepatic neutrophil infiltration.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The configuration of the interventricular septum can affect the function of the tricuspid valve in @entity0 with @entity3 who have a systemically functioning right ventricle. Altering septal configuration by addressing a dysfunctional conduit placed between the left ventricle (LV) and the pulmonary artery (PA) in these @entity0 can impact septal configuration and competency of the tricuspid valve. METHODS: In 38 @entity0 with an LV to PA conduit, we evaluated relationships between conduit function, RV geometry, and tricuspid valve function, and compared these variables before and after conduit intervention. RESULTS: Median age at conduit implant was 4.5 years (0.5 to 36) and median total follow-up was 12 years (2 to 22). Of the 38 @entity0 , 23 (60%) underwent conduit intervention, a median of 7.5 years after implant. In 15 of these @entity0 (65%) the degree of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) worsened, compared with only 2 @entity0 (15%) in the non-intervention group (p < 0.001). Worsening @entity2 was associated with the degree of change in RV and LV ventricular diameters, change in tricuspid annulus size and tethering distance, and the degree of septal shift, as reflected by the right ventricular sphericity index (all p  <= 0.04). In 8 of 15 @entity0 with more severe @entity2 at follow-up, there was also progressive @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Intervention for LV to PA conduit dysfunction may result in worsening @entity2 and right ventricular function, likely due in part to altered septal shift due to changes in the interventricular pressure ratio. Management of LV to PA conduit dysfunction should take these findings into account.

title: @entity2 in XXXX and a Left Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Conduit.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The configuration of the interventricular septum can affect the function of the tricuspid valve in @entity0 with @entity3 who have a systemically functioning right ventricle. Altering septal configuration by addressing a dysfunctional conduit placed between the left ventricle (LV) and the pulmonary artery (PA) in these @entity0 can impact septal configuration and competency of the tricuspid valve. METHODS: In 38 @entity0 with an LV to PA conduit, we evaluated relationships between conduit function, RV geometry, and tricuspid valve function, and compared these variables before and after conduit intervention. RESULTS: Median age at conduit implant was 4.5 years (0.5 to 36) and median total follow-up was 12 years (2 to 22). Of the 38 @entity0 , 23 (60%) underwent conduit intervention, a median of 7.5 years after implant. In 15 of these @entity0 (65%) the degree of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) worsened, compared with only 2 @entity0 (15%) in the non-intervention group (p < 0.001). Worsening @entity2 was associated with the degree of change in RV and LV ventricular diameters, change in tricuspid annulus size and tethering distance, and the degree of septal shift, as reflected by the right ventricular sphericity index (all p  <= 0.04). In 8 of 15 @entity0 with more severe @entity2 at follow-up, there was also progressive @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Intervention for LV to PA conduit dysfunction may result in worsening @entity2 and right ventricular function, likely due in part to altered septal shift due to changes in the interventricular pressure ratio. Management of LV to PA conduit dysfunction should take these findings into account.

title: XXXX in @entity3 and a Left Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Conduit.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The occurrence of central apneas when applying positive pressure (CPAP) to @entity0 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is @entity3 ( @entity3 ). This causes poor adherence to CPAP and persistence of symptoms. In Bogota, a city located at an altitude of 2640 m above sea level, chronic @entity4 can generate certain instability of the respiratory system during sleep which could increase the presence of central @entity2 . The aim was to establish the prevalence of central @entity2 (central @entity2 index   >5/h) in adults with moderate or severe @entity1 during CPAP titration, and the factors associated with this. METHOD: @entity0 over 18 years old with @entity1 were referred to the Fundacion Neumologica Colombiana Sleep Center, from January 2008 to June 2010. Polysomnogram (PSG) for CPAP titration was performed according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria. The prevalence was calculated and the clinical and baseline PSG factors associated with the @entity3 were analyzed. RESULTS: We included 988 @entity0 , 58% @entity0 . @entity3 prevalence was 11.6%. Factors associated with @entity3 were: central apneas in the baseline PSG (OR: 5.34 [3.49-8.16]), history of @entity5 (OR: 2.53 [1.58-4.07]), and male sex (OR: 1.68 [1.06-2.69]). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity3 in Bogota (11.6%) was intermediate compared to the reported in lower altitudes. The factors associated with the development of @entity3 were male sex, @entity5 , and the presence of central @entity2 in the baseline PSG.

title: Prevalence of central sleep apnea during continous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration in subjects XXXX at an altitude of 2640   m.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To determine whether a weight-based hypoglycaemia treatment using 0.3  g/kg (or 0.2  g/kg) @entity2 effectively treats adults with @entity1 compared with an internationally recommended 15-g treatment. METHODS: @entity0 with frequent hypoglycaemia were recruited from hospital-based @entity1 clinics. The treatment for each @entity3 , defined as capillary @entity2 <4.0  mmol/l, was randomly assigned to one of three protocols: 0.2  g/kg, 0.3  g/kg, or 15  g, using Dextro(TM) @entity2 tablets (Dextro Energy, Krefeld, Germany). Each @entity0 received each treatment in random order for up to 15 hypoglycaemic episodes. Capillary @entity2 was re-tested 10  min after treatment, with a repeat dose if still < 4  mmol/l. RESULTS: The study recruited 34 @entity0 aged 22-71  years, whose mean (sd) BMI was 25.2 (3.1) kg/m(2) and HbA1c 63 (10.4) mmol/mol [7.9 (0.9)%]. Two @entity0 withdrew because they did not like the taste of the Dextro tablets and one was excluded because they used their own @entity2 preparation. Unadjusted for clustering within @entity0 , the mean (sd) capillary @entity2 after 10  min was 4.67 (1.25) mmol/l for 0.3  g/kg (141 episodes), 4.29 (0.94) mmol/l for 0.2  g/kg (132 episodes), and 4.37(0.99) mmol/l for 15  g (136 episodes). Capillary @entity2 , adjusted for clusters and baseline, was higher after 10  min for 0.3  g/kg @entity2 compared with 15  g @entity2 ; a difference of 0.26 (95% CI 0.04-0.48) mmol/l (P  =  0.02), but not for 0.2  g/kg; -0.07 (95% CI -0.29-0.16) mmol/l (P  =  0.56). Capillary @entity2 for only three hypoglycaemic episodes rose above 8  mmol/l. CONCLUSIONS: A weight-based protocol of 0.3  g/kg @entity2 appears more effective for treating symptomatic hypoglycaemia in adults with Type 1 @entity1 than either the most common current recommendation of 15  g @entity2 or a 0.2  g/kg @entity2 dose.

title: Weight-based hypoglycaemia treatment protocol for adults with Type 1 XXXX : a randomized crossover clinical trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Aflibercept is an approved therapy for neovascular @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). In vitro and in vivo studies did not detect @entity5 to the retinal pigment epithelium cells using the approved @entity1 protein, ziv-aflibercept. Our purpose is to determine if ziv-aflibercept can be used in @entity8 and @entity2 without @entity9 , to test the stability of ziv-aflibercept, and to do a cost analysis. METHODS: Prospectively, consecutive @entity0 with @entity8 or @entity2 and poor vision underwent one intravitreal injection of 0.05   mL of fresh filtered ziv-aflibercept (1.25   mg). Monitoring of best-corrected visual acuity, @entity4 , @entity6 progression, and retinal structure by spectral domain optical coherence tomography was done at 1   day and 1   week after injection. Ziv-aflibercept activity over 4   weeks was measured by capturing @entity3 by ELISA. RESULTS: There were no signs of @entity7 , @entity4 or change in lens status in four eyes with @entity8 and two eyes with @entity2 . Visual acuity improved (p=0.05) and central foveal thickness decreased in all @entity0 (p=0.05). Ziv-aflibercept had no loss of anti- @entity3 activity when kept at 4  C in @entity10 syringes over 4   weeks. Similar to bevacizumab, compounded ziv-aflibercept would yield a tremendous saving compared with aflibercept or ranibizumab. CONCLUSIONS: Off-label use of ziv-aflibercept improves visual acuity without @entity9 and may offer a cheaper alternative to the same molecule aflibercept. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02173873.

title: Ziv-aflibercept in XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the article is to report on the psychometric properties of a newly developed self-rating scale (Munich Eating and Feeding Disorder Questionnaire) for the detailed assessment of eating and feeding disorders on the basis of the @entity5 criteria. The questionnaire aims at developing a comprehensive assessment of @entity2 symptoms suitable for severity ratings with regard to total scale and subscales, for deriving @entity2 diagnoses according to @entity5 and ICD-10 and for measuring (intervention induced) changes over time. METHODS: Items were formulated by clinical experts and entered into factor analysis in two separate samples of eating-disordered inpatients. Additionally, 47 clinical and 547 community control @entity0 were assessed. Internal consistency and sensitivity to change over time are also reported. RESULTS: Three subscales were identified covering 'preoccupation with figure and weight', ' @entity1 ' for current and past state. Test-retest reliability for the three subscales ranged between .95 and .98 (current status). A high sensitivity to change during inpatient treatment from admission to discharge was expressed in high effect sizes; for the total score (current status) for all @entity2 , the effect size was 1.70. Effect sizes for @entity3 were mostly lower than those for @entity4 . Clinical and community controls obtained significantly lower scores compared with eating-disordered @entity0 . CONCLUSION: This new @entity5 questionnaire shows satisfying psychometric properties and is well suited for the rating of @entity2 severity in clinical practice and research.

title: The Munich eating and feeding disorder questionnaire (Munich ED-Quest) XXXX /ICD-10: validity, reliability, sensitivity to change and norms.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are ancestrally related membrane proteins on cells that mediate the pharmacological effect of most drugs and neurotransmitters. GPCRs are the largest group of membrane receptor proteins encoded in the @entity0 genome. One of the most famous types of GPCRs is the opioid receptors. Opioid family receptors consist of four closely related proteins expressed in all vertebrate brains and spinal cords examined to date. The three classical types of opioid receptors shown unequivocally to mediate analgesia in animal models and in @entity0 are the mu- ( @entity2 ), delta- (DOR), and kappa-(KOR) opioid receptor proteins. The fourth and most recent member of the opioid receptor family discovered is the @entity3 or @entity4 (ORL). The role of ORL and its ligands in producing analgesia is not as clear, with both analgesic and @entity1 effects reported. All four opioid family receptor genes were cloned from expressed mRNA in a number of vertebrate species, and there are enough sequences presently available to carry out bioinformatic analysis. This chapter presents the results of a comparative analysis of vertebrate opioid receptors using pharmacological studies, bioinformatics, and the latest data from @entity0 whole-genome studies. Results confirm our initial hypotheses that the four opioid receptor genes most likely arose by whole-genome duplication, that there is an evolutionary vector of opioid receptor type divergence in sequence and function, and that the @entity2 gene shows evidence of positive selection or adaptive evolution in @entity0 .

title: Bioinformatics and Evolution of Vertebrate XXXX and Opioid Receptors.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies investigating @entity1 and cardiometabolic risk have focused on 'at-risk' populations and methodological inconsistencies have produced equivocal findings. The present cross-sectional study investigated indices of body composition as predictors of cardiometabolic risk and their relationship with @entity2 in apparently healthy young adults. METHODS: A fasting blood sample was taken from consenting adults (160 males, 32 females, aged 18-40  years) for assessment of cardiometabolic risk markers (blood pressure, lipid profiles and insulin resistance) and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, @entity0 @entity3 factor-a, @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity6 ). Together with anthropometry, fat mass (FM) and @entity7 ( @entity8 ) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. FM was expressed in absolute terms (kg), as well as relative to total body weight (%), height [FM index (FMI, kg  m(-2) )] and @entity8 (FM  :  @entity8 ,%). RESULTS: Although anthropometric indices were associated with most cardiometabolic risk markers, the strongest relationship was observed with FMI. Relative to having a low cardiometabolic risk ( <=2 markers above clinically relevant cut-offs), each kg  m(-2) increase in FMI, increased the likelihood of having an increased cardiometabolic risk by 29% (odds ratio  =  1.29; 95% confidence interval  =  1.12-1.49). Inflammatory markers were not associated with body composition or cardiometabolic risk. CONCLUSIONS: FMI was the strongest predictor of overall cardiometabolic risk but not @entity2 per se. However, anthropometric indices, such as body mass index and waist-to-height ratio, remain valuable surrogate measures of adiposity in this group, particularly when risk markers are considered independently.

title: Indices of adiposity as predictors of cardiometabolic risk and XXXX in young adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is associated with neonatal sequelae, and @entity0 in labour who receive epidural analgesia (EA) are more likely to develop @entity2 . The aims of this study were to investigate if EA and/or a diagnosis of @entity2 were associated to adverse neonatal outcomes at a population level. METHODS: Population-based register study with data from the Swedish Birth Register and the Swedish National @entity0 Register, including all nulliparae (n   =   294,329) with singleton pregnancies who gave birth at term in Sweden 1999-2008. Neonatal outcomes analysed were Apgar score (AS)   <   7 at 5   min and ICD-10 diagnosis of @entity1 (e.g. @entity3 or neonatal @entity4 ). Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: EA was used in 44% of the deliveries. Low AS or @entity1 was found in 1.26% and 0.39% of the @entity0 in the EA group compared with 0.80% and 0.29% in the control group. In multivariate analysis, EA was associated with increased risk with low AS, AOR 1.27 (95% CI 1.16-1.39), but not with diagnosis of @entity1 , 1.11 (0.96-1.29). A diagnosis of @entity2 was associated with increased risk for both low AS, 2.27 (1.71-3.02), and of @entity1 , 1.97 (1.19-3.26). CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of @entity2 was associated with low AS and @entity1 , whereas EA was only associated with low AS and not with @entity1 . The found associations might be a result of confounding by indication, which is difficult to assess in a registry-based population study.

title: Low Apgar score, XXXX and epidural analgesia during labour: a Swedish registry-based study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We observed on different tissues and organisms a biological response after exposure to pulsed low frequency and low amplitude electric or electromagnetic fields but the precise mechanism of cell response remains unknown. The aim of this publication is to understand, using bioinformatics, the biological relevance of processes involved in the modification of gene expression. The list of genes analyzed was obtained after microarray protocol realized on cultures of @entity0 epidermal explants growing on deepidermized @entity0 skin exposed to a pulsed low frequency electric field. The directed acyclic graph on a WebGestalt Gene Ontology module shows six categories under the biological process root: "biological regulation", "cellular process", "cell proliferation", " @entity1 ", "metabolic process" and "response to stimulus". Enriched derived categories are coherent with the type of in vitro culture, the stimulation protocol or with the previous results showing a decrease of cell proliferation and an increase of differentiation. The Kegg module on WebGestalt has highlighted "cell cycle" and " @entity3 signaling pathway" as significantly involved. The Kegg website brings out interactions between FoxO, MAPK, JNK, @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity10 / @entity2 , Wnt, @entity8 or @entity7 . Some genes expressed by the stimulation are known to have an exclusive function on these pathways. Analyses performed with Pathway Studio linked cell proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle, mitosis, cell @entity1 etc. with our microarrays results. Medline citation generated by the software and the fold change variation confirms a diminution of the proliferation, activation of the differentiation and a less well-defined role of apoptosis or wound healing. Wnt and DKK functional classes, @entity9 , @entity13 , @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity11 , and @entity5 genes proposed in previous publications after a manual analysis are also highlighted with other genes after Pathway Studio automatic procedure. Finally, an analysis conducted on a list of genes characterized by an accelerated regulation after extremely low frequency pulsed stimulation also confirms their role in the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. Bioinformatics approach allows in-depth research, without the bias of pre-selection, on cellular processes involved in a huge gene list.

title: Cellular processes involved in XXXX epidermal cells exposed to extremely low frequency electric fields.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a complex @entity0 , affecting 5.4% of the general population lifetime, characterized by excessive alcohol consumption influenced by environmental risk factors and genetic factors. Genetic alterations in dopaminergic system are involved in the treatment and etiology of @entity1 . The aim of this search was to test the association of the @entity3 40  bp-VNTR and @entity2 / @entity4 Taq1A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a transporter and receptor of the dopaminergic system, with @entity1 through a study in a population of northeastern Brazil. METHODS: The study design was a case-control that included 227 males of northeastern Brazil (113 alcoholics and 114 controls). Alcoholics were classified according to the DSM-IV criteria for @entity1 and controls were subjects who had nonalcohol problems or who never drank. Genotyping was detected through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for @entity3 40  bp-VNTR and RFLP-PCR for @entity2 / @entity4 Taq1A, and subsequent electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel. The distribution of allele and genotype frequencies and association of polymorphisms with @entity1 were assessed by chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95% and significance p  <  0.05. Data were analyzed on BioEstat 5.3 software. RESULTS: The @entity3 40  bp-VNTR was associated with @entity1 , allelic, and genotypic frequencies were significantly different, respectively (A9 vs. A10: OR  =  1.88; p  =  0.01; A9/A9 vs. A10/A10: OR  =  6.25; p  =  0.02; A9/A9 vs. A9/A10  +  A10A10: OR  =  5.44; p  =  0.03). However, there was no statistically significant difference when the allelic (p  =  0.10) and genotypic (p  >  0.05) frequencies for @entity2 / @entity4 Taq1A were compared. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that A9 allele and A9/A9 genotype of the @entity3 40  bp-VNTR are involved in the vulnerability to @entity1 in the population studied. However, for the @entity2 / @entity4 SNP does not present contributions to the development of @entity1 .

title: Association Study of the @entity3 VNTR (DAT) and @entity2 / XXXX Taq1A Polymorphisms with Alcohol Dependence in a Population from Northeastern Brazil.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a complex @entity0 , affecting 5.4% of the general population lifetime, characterized by excessive alcohol consumption influenced by environmental risk factors and genetic factors. Genetic alterations in dopaminergic system are involved in the treatment and etiology of @entity1 . The aim of this search was to test the association of the @entity3 40  bp-VNTR and @entity2 / @entity4 Taq1A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a transporter and receptor of the dopaminergic system, with @entity1 through a study in a population of northeastern Brazil. METHODS: The study design was a case-control that included 227 males of northeastern Brazil (113 alcoholics and 114 controls). Alcoholics were classified according to the DSM-IV criteria for @entity1 and controls were subjects who had nonalcohol problems or who never drank. Genotyping was detected through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for @entity3 40  bp-VNTR and RFLP-PCR for @entity2 / @entity4 Taq1A, and subsequent electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel. The distribution of allele and genotype frequencies and association of polymorphisms with @entity1 were assessed by chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95% and significance p  <  0.05. Data were analyzed on BioEstat 5.3 software. RESULTS: The @entity3 40  bp-VNTR was associated with @entity1 , allelic, and genotypic frequencies were significantly different, respectively (A9 vs. A10: OR  =  1.88; p  =  0.01; A9/A9 vs. A10/A10: OR  =  6.25; p  =  0.02; A9/A9 vs. A9/A10  +  A10A10: OR  =  5.44; p  =  0.03). However, there was no statistically significant difference when the allelic (p  =  0.10) and genotypic (p  >  0.05) frequencies for @entity2 / @entity4 Taq1A were compared. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that A9 allele and A9/A9 genotype of the @entity3 40  bp-VNTR are involved in the vulnerability to @entity1 in the population studied. However, for the @entity2 / @entity4 SNP does not present contributions to the development of @entity1 .

title: Association Study of the @entity3 VNTR (DAT) and XXXX / @entity4 Taq1A Polymorphisms with Alcohol Dependence in a Population from Northeastern Brazil.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a complex @entity0 , affecting 5.4% of the general population lifetime, characterized by excessive alcohol consumption influenced by environmental risk factors and genetic factors. Genetic alterations in dopaminergic system are involved in the treatment and etiology of @entity1 . The aim of this search was to test the association of the @entity3 40  bp-VNTR and @entity2 / @entity4 Taq1A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a transporter and receptor of the dopaminergic system, with @entity1 through a study in a population of northeastern Brazil. METHODS: The study design was a case-control that included 227 males of northeastern Brazil (113 alcoholics and 114 controls). Alcoholics were classified according to the DSM-IV criteria for @entity1 and controls were subjects who had nonalcohol problems or who never drank. Genotyping was detected through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for @entity3 40  bp-VNTR and RFLP-PCR for @entity2 / @entity4 Taq1A, and subsequent electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel. The distribution of allele and genotype frequencies and association of polymorphisms with @entity1 were assessed by chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95% and significance p  <  0.05. Data were analyzed on BioEstat 5.3 software. RESULTS: The @entity3 40  bp-VNTR was associated with @entity1 , allelic, and genotypic frequencies were significantly different, respectively (A9 vs. A10: OR  =  1.88; p  =  0.01; A9/A9 vs. A10/A10: OR  =  6.25; p  =  0.02; A9/A9 vs. A9/A10  +  A10A10: OR  =  5.44; p  =  0.03). However, there was no statistically significant difference when the allelic (p  =  0.10) and genotypic (p  >  0.05) frequencies for @entity2 / @entity4 Taq1A were compared. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that A9 allele and A9/A9 genotype of the @entity3 40  bp-VNTR are involved in the vulnerability to @entity1 in the population studied. However, for the @entity2 / @entity4 SNP does not present contributions to the development of @entity1 .

title: Association Study of the XXXX VNTR (DAT) and @entity2 / @entity4 Taq1A Polymorphisms with Alcohol Dependence in a Population from Northeastern Brazil.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac- (CSC) and mesenchymal-derived (MSC) @entity2 + isolated stem cells improve cardiac function after injury. However, no study has compared the therapeutic benefit of these cells when used autologously. METHODS: MSCs and CSCs were isolated on day 0. @entity0 was induced (day 28) by infusion of @entity3 (1,100 ug/kg/hour) from Alzet minipumps for 10 days. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was infused via minipumps (50 mg/mL) to identify proliferative cells during the injury phase. Following injury (day 38), autologous CSC (n = 7) and MSC (n = 4) were delivered by intracoronary injection. These animals were compared to those receiving sham injections by echocardiography, invasive hemodynamics, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Fractional shortening improved with CSC (26.9    1.1% vs. 16.1    0.2%, p = 0.01) and MSC (25.1    0.2% vs. 12.1    0.5%, p = 0.01) as compared to shams. MSC were superior to CSC in improving left ventricle end-diastolic (LVED) volume (37.7    3.1% vs. 19.9    9.4%, p = 0.03) and ejection fraction (27.7    0.1% vs. 19.9    0.4%, p = 0.02). LVED pressure was less in MSC (6.3    1.3 mmHg) as compared to CSC (9.3    0.7 mmHg) and sham (13.3    0.7); p = 0.01. LV @entity1 + myocytes were higher in MSC (0.17    0.03%) than CSC (0.09    0.01%) and sham (0.06    01%); p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity2 + isolated CSC and MSC therapy improve cardiac function and attenuate pathological remodeling. However, MSC appear to confer additional benefit.

title: Autologous @entity2 + Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injections Provide Superior Therapeutic Benefit as Compared to @entity2 + Cardiac-Derived Stem Cells in a Feline Model of Isoproterenol-Induced XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac- (CSC) and mesenchymal-derived (MSC) @entity2 + isolated stem cells improve cardiac function after injury. However, no study has compared the therapeutic benefit of these cells when used autologously. METHODS: MSCs and CSCs were isolated on day 0. @entity0 was induced (day 28) by infusion of @entity3 (1,100 ug/kg/hour) from Alzet minipumps for 10 days. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was infused via minipumps (50 mg/mL) to identify proliferative cells during the injury phase. Following injury (day 38), autologous CSC (n = 7) and MSC (n = 4) were delivered by intracoronary injection. These animals were compared to those receiving sham injections by echocardiography, invasive hemodynamics, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Fractional shortening improved with CSC (26.9    1.1% vs. 16.1    0.2%, p = 0.01) and MSC (25.1    0.2% vs. 12.1    0.5%, p = 0.01) as compared to shams. MSC were superior to CSC in improving left ventricle end-diastolic (LVED) volume (37.7    3.1% vs. 19.9    9.4%, p = 0.03) and ejection fraction (27.7    0.1% vs. 19.9    0.4%, p = 0.02). LVED pressure was less in MSC (6.3    1.3 mmHg) as compared to CSC (9.3    0.7 mmHg) and sham (13.3    0.7); p = 0.01. LV @entity1 + myocytes were higher in MSC (0.17    0.03%) than CSC (0.09    0.01%) and sham (0.06    01%); p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity2 + isolated CSC and MSC therapy improve cardiac function and attenuate pathological remodeling. However, MSC appear to confer additional benefit.

title: Autologous XXXX + Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injections Provide Superior Therapeutic Benefit as Compared to @entity2 + Cardiac-Derived Stem Cells in a Feline Model of Isoproterenol-Induced @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac- (CSC) and mesenchymal-derived (MSC) @entity2 + isolated stem cells improve cardiac function after injury. However, no study has compared the therapeutic benefit of these cells when used autologously. METHODS: MSCs and CSCs were isolated on day 0. @entity0 was induced (day 28) by infusion of @entity3 (1,100 ug/kg/hour) from Alzet minipumps for 10 days. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was infused via minipumps (50 mg/mL) to identify proliferative cells during the injury phase. Following injury (day 38), autologous CSC (n = 7) and MSC (n = 4) were delivered by intracoronary injection. These animals were compared to those receiving sham injections by echocardiography, invasive hemodynamics, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Fractional shortening improved with CSC (26.9    1.1% vs. 16.1    0.2%, p = 0.01) and MSC (25.1    0.2% vs. 12.1    0.5%, p = 0.01) as compared to shams. MSC were superior to CSC in improving left ventricle end-diastolic (LVED) volume (37.7    3.1% vs. 19.9    9.4%, p = 0.03) and ejection fraction (27.7    0.1% vs. 19.9    0.4%, p = 0.02). LVED pressure was less in MSC (6.3    1.3 mmHg) as compared to CSC (9.3    0.7 mmHg) and sham (13.3    0.7); p = 0.01. LV @entity1 + myocytes were higher in MSC (0.17    0.03%) than CSC (0.09    0.01%) and sham (0.06    01%); p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity2 + isolated CSC and MSC therapy improve cardiac function and attenuate pathological remodeling. However, MSC appear to confer additional benefit.

title: Autologous @entity2 + Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injections Provide Superior Therapeutic Benefit as Compared to XXXX + Cardiac-Derived Stem Cells in a Feline Model of Isoproterenol-Induced @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: How hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects against @entity3 -reperfusion (I/R) injury is poorly understood. By using a slow-releasing H2S donor, we investigated if H2S protected against @entity2 /R injury by activating @entity7 and restoring I/R-impaired autophagic flux. Male @entity0 received anterior descending @entity5 followed by reperfusion. The H2S donor ADT and/or the @entity7 inhibitor, compound C (CC), were administered after occlusion. @entity4 was analyzed histologically. @entity7 activation was assessed in the @entity1 heart by analyzing phosphorylation of @entity7 and S6 ribosomal protein. Autophagy was assessed by analyzing the following markers: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) I and II, @entity8 ( @entity8 ), @entity6 and beclin-1. We further investigated if blocking autophagic flux with chloroquine abolished ADT cardioprotection in  vivo. Myocardial I/R reduced serum H2S levels, which was elevated by ADT. ADT enhanced @entity7 activation and reduced @entity4 following I/R, and both effects were abolished by @entity7 inhibition. Myocardial I/R induced autophagosome accumulation, as evidenced by the increased ratios of LC3-II/LC3-I, upregulation of beclin-1 and @entity6 and reduction in @entity8 . ADT blunted these autophagic changes induced by I/R, indicating that ADT restored I/R-impaired autophagic flux. The @entity7 inhibitor CC blocked ADT effects on restoring I/R-impaired autophagy flux. Moreover, chloroquine pretreatment abolished cardioprotection of ADT and increased autophagosome accumulation in the ADT-treated heart following I/R. In conclusion, @entity7 activation and subsequent restoration of I/R-impaired autophagic flux are unrecognized mechanisms underlying cardioprotective effects conferred by H2S donors.

title: Hydrogen sulfide protects against XXXX and reperfusion injury by activating AMP-activated protein kinase to  restore autophagic flux.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interventional treatment for overt @entity1 (OHE), includes non-absorbable @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity7 and branched chain @entity2 (BCAA). However, the optimum regimen remains inconclusive. AIM: To compare interventions in terms of @entity0 ' adverse events and major clinical outcomes. METHODS: Literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library studies published up to July 31 2014. RCTs of above interventions in OHE @entity0 were included. Network meta-analysis combined direct and indirect evidence to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and mean difference (MD) between treatments and the probabilities of ranking for treatment based on clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty eligible RCTs were included. When compared with observation, only @entity7 (OR 3.71, P  <  0.001) and BCAA (OR 3.37, P  <  0.001) improved clinical efficacy significantly. However, when @entity7 was compared with BCAA, non-absorbable @entity6 and @entity5 , there was a trend suggesting that @entity7 may be the most effective intervention with respect to clinical improvement (OR 1.10), @entity3 (OR 1.31), non-absorbable @entity6 (OR 2.75), @entity5 (OR 2.22). In addition, @entity7 (MD -20.18, 95% CI -40.12 to -0.27) provided a significant reduction in blood @entity4 concentration compared with observation. @entity5 appeared to be associated with more adverse events in comparison with non-absorbable @entity6 (OR 10.15), @entity3 (OR 17.31), @entity7 (OR 3.16) or BCAA (OR 7.69). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 treatment may show a trend in superiority for clinical efficacy among standard interventions for OHE. @entity3 shows the greatest reduction in blood ammonia concentration, and treatment with @entity5 demonstrates a higher probability in causing adverse effects among the five compared interventions.

title: Systematic review with network meta-analysis: the comparative effectiveness and safety of interventions in @entity0 with overt XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interventional treatment for overt @entity1 (OHE), includes non-absorbable @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity7 and branched chain @entity2 (BCAA). However, the optimum regimen remains inconclusive. AIM: To compare interventions in terms of @entity0 ' adverse events and major clinical outcomes. METHODS: Literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library studies published up to July 31 2014. RCTs of above interventions in OHE @entity0 were included. Network meta-analysis combined direct and indirect evidence to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and mean difference (MD) between treatments and the probabilities of ranking for treatment based on clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty eligible RCTs were included. When compared with observation, only @entity7 (OR 3.71, P  <  0.001) and BCAA (OR 3.37, P  <  0.001) improved clinical efficacy significantly. However, when @entity7 was compared with BCAA, non-absorbable @entity6 and @entity5 , there was a trend suggesting that @entity7 may be the most effective intervention with respect to clinical improvement (OR 1.10), @entity3 (OR 1.31), non-absorbable @entity6 (OR 2.75), @entity5 (OR 2.22). In addition, @entity7 (MD -20.18, 95% CI -40.12 to -0.27) provided a significant reduction in blood @entity4 concentration compared with observation. @entity5 appeared to be associated with more adverse events in comparison with non-absorbable @entity6 (OR 10.15), @entity3 (OR 17.31), @entity7 (OR 3.16) or BCAA (OR 7.69). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 treatment may show a trend in superiority for clinical efficacy among standard interventions for OHE. @entity3 shows the greatest reduction in blood ammonia concentration, and treatment with @entity5 demonstrates a higher probability in causing adverse effects among the five compared interventions.

title: Systematic review with network meta-analysis: the comparative effectiveness and safety of interventions in XXXX with overt @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term erectile function (EF) in @entity0 treated with @entity5 -125 prostate brachytherapy (PB) and to determine factors predictive for @entity3 ( @entity3 ), including natural decline because of aging. METHODS: Two thousand nine hundred twenty-nine @entity0 (implanted July 1989-June 2012) with baseline EF and greater than 10-month followup (FU) are included. About 78.9% had full and 7.9% had partial EF at baseline. EF was assessed on a physician-reported three-point scale. Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations was used to assess predictors of @entity3 and Kaplan-Meier curves time to @entity3 . The effect of aging was calculated from the declining rate of baseline EF seen in sequential 5-year age cohorts and from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. RESULTS: The median age was 66  years and median FU 3.5  years (maximum 14 years). About 1142 @entity0 had more than 5  years of FU, and 43% had received 6 months of @entity4 deprivation therapy (ADT). Significant drop in EF was seen at 6  weeks after PB, with gradual decline thereafter. EF preservation at 5  years for age younger than 55, 56-59, 60-64, 65-69, and 70  year and older was 82%, 73%, 58%, 39%, and 23%, respectively. Comparisons of the 5-year age-related and treatment-related EF decline show that 50% of the long-term EF decline is related to aging. On univariate and multivariate analyses, age at implant, length of FU, @entity2 , @entity1 , and use of ADT (all p  <  0.01) were significant predictors of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: More than 80% of young @entity0 have EF preserved 5  years after PB. Age, ADT, history of @entity2 , and the natural decline in EF have negative impact on long-term EF after PB.

title: Effect of aging and long-term erectile function after XXXX -125 prostate brachytherapy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: 1. The ability of arterial and non-arterial smooth muscle in five tissues (vas deferens, heart, bladder, colon, spleen) in four species ( @entity0 , @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity3 ) to accumulate and retain @entity4 (NA) was measured in thin tissue slices exposed to NA for 30 min, then washed in cold saline solution for 30 min. NA accumulation was assessed histochemically by measuring the fluorescence brightness of the tissue with the Leitz @entity6 microphotometer. In addition, similar measurements were made on smooth muscle in the cat spleen, on cardiac muscle and on the terminal adrenergic nerves.2. In general, arterial smooth muscle had a greater capacity to accumulate and retain NA than non-arterial smooth muscle, but there was a great species and organ variability. The ability to accumulate and retain NA was best developed in the @entity0 , followed by the @entity2 , @entity1 and @entity3 in that order. Among organs the artery to the vas and the coronary arteries showed the greatest retention. Among non-arterial smooth muscle the @entity0 vas and the @entity2 colon were notable.3. Cardiac muscle accumulates NA during exposure to the @entity5 but, unlike smooth muscle, cannot retain it when washed with NA-free solution.4. Terminal adrenergic nerves in different tissues show some variability in fluorescence intensity, and this is increased after exposure to NA. This may indicate a variable capacity of these cells to accumulate and retain NA.

title: Species and tissue variation in extraneuronal and neuronal accumulation of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Purpose. In cases of @entity2 , percutaneous @entity4 can be used in addition to posterior stabilisation. The use of an augmentation technique with a bone-filled @entity3 mesh as a stand-alone treatment for traumatic vertebral fractures has not yet been investigated. Methods. In this retrospective study, 17 @entity0 with acute type A3.1 fractures of the thoracic or lumbar spine underwent stand-alone augmentation with mesh and allograft bone and were followed up for one year using @entity1 scales and sagittal endplate angles. Results. From before surgery to 12 months after surgery, @entity1 and physical function improved significantly, as indicated by an improvement in the median VAS score and in the median @entity1 and work scale scores. From before to immediately after surgery, all @entity0 showed a significant improvement in mean mono- and bisegmental kyphoses. During the one-year period, there was a significant loss of correction. Conclusions. Based on this data a stand-alone approach with @entity4 with @entity3 mesh and allograft bone is not a suitable therapy option for incomplete @entity2 for a young @entity0 collective.

title: Percutaneous XXXX with @entity3 mesh and allograft bone for @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Purpose. In cases of @entity2 , percutaneous @entity4 can be used in addition to posterior stabilisation. The use of an augmentation technique with a bone-filled @entity3 mesh as a stand-alone treatment for traumatic vertebral fractures has not yet been investigated. Methods. In this retrospective study, 17 @entity0 with acute type A3.1 fractures of the thoracic or lumbar spine underwent stand-alone augmentation with mesh and allograft bone and were followed up for one year using @entity1 scales and sagittal endplate angles. Results. From before surgery to 12 months after surgery, @entity1 and physical function improved significantly, as indicated by an improvement in the median VAS score and in the median @entity1 and work scale scores. From before to immediately after surgery, all @entity0 showed a significant improvement in mean mono- and bisegmental kyphoses. During the one-year period, there was a significant loss of correction. Conclusions. Based on this data a stand-alone approach with @entity4 with @entity3 mesh and allograft bone is not a suitable therapy option for incomplete @entity2 for a young @entity0 collective.

title: Percutaneous @entity4 with XXXX mesh and allograft bone for @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Purpose. In cases of @entity2 , percutaneous @entity4 can be used in addition to posterior stabilisation. The use of an augmentation technique with a bone-filled @entity3 mesh as a stand-alone treatment for traumatic vertebral fractures has not yet been investigated. Methods. In this retrospective study, 17 @entity0 with acute type A3.1 fractures of the thoracic or lumbar spine underwent stand-alone augmentation with mesh and allograft bone and were followed up for one year using @entity1 scales and sagittal endplate angles. Results. From before surgery to 12 months after surgery, @entity1 and physical function improved significantly, as indicated by an improvement in the median VAS score and in the median @entity1 and work scale scores. From before to immediately after surgery, all @entity0 showed a significant improvement in mean mono- and bisegmental kyphoses. During the one-year period, there was a significant loss of correction. Conclusions. Based on this data a stand-alone approach with @entity4 with @entity3 mesh and allograft bone is not a suitable therapy option for incomplete @entity2 for a young @entity0 collective.

title: Percutaneous @entity4 with @entity3 mesh and allograft bone for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Background. Injuries of the midfoot are often missed and therefore underestimated. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the final outcome. The primary aim of this study was to assess the pattern and results of early operative management of mid-foot @entity1 after a midterm follow up. Material and methods. This study was conducted on 25 @entity0 (19 Males, 6 Females ) with mean age of 34.6 years (range 18-60 years) with mid-foot @entity3 who were admitted consecutively at our centre from May 2008 through November 2010. 25 @entity0 fulfilling our inclusion criteria with mid-foot @entity3 were included in this study. Mechanism of injury, its pattern and results of operative management of @entity1 were assessed after acute management of these @entity3 on urgent basis. Evaluation of results was done by AOFAS Score. Results. Most common mode of injury was indirect trauma due to fall (n=12) followed by road traffic accident (n=9). Males (n=19) outnumbered females (n=6). The pattern of @entity1 requiring operative treatment as per our criteria were @entity3 (n=22) and navicular @entity3 (n=3). The mean follow up was 3.2 years and mean AOFAS score at 3.2 years was 78.36, with most @entity0 losing points to @entity2 and decreased recreational function. Conclusion. The @entity3 are the most common @entity1 around midfoot requiring operative treatment, and we believe that operative treatment considerably improves functional outcome in these @entity1 .

title: Midterm functional outcome after operative management of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Proximal tubule and loop of Henle function are coupled, with proximal transport determining loop fluid composition, and loop transport modulating glomerular filtration via tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). To examine this interaction, we begin with published models of the superficial @entity2 proximal convoluted tubule (PCT; including flow-dependent transport in a compliant tubule), and the @entity2 thick @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Transport parameters for this PCT are scaled down to represent the proximal straight tubule (PST), which is connected to the thick @entity3 via a short descending limb. Transport parameters for superficial PCT and PST are scaled up for a juxtamedullary nephron, and connected to @entity3 via outer and inner medullary descending limbs, and inner medullary thin @entity3 . Medullary interstitial solute concentrations are specified. End- @entity3 hydrostatic pressure is determined by distal nephron flow resistance, and the TGF signal is represented as a linear function of end- @entity3 cytosolic Cl concentration. These two distal conditions required iterative solution of the model. Model calculations capture inner medullary countercurrent flux of urea, and also suggest the presence of an outer medullary countercurrent flux of ammonia, with reabsorption in @entity3 and secretion in PST. For a realistically strong TGF signal, there is the expected homeostatic impact on distal flows, and in addition, a homeostatic effect on proximal tubule pressure. The model @entity5 threshold is compatible with @entity2 data, and predicted @entity6 with selective 1Na(+):1glucose cotransporter ( @entity7 ) inhibition comports with observations in the @entity1 . Model calculations suggest that enhanced proximal tubule Na(+) reabsorption during @entity4 is sufficient to activate TGF and contribute to @entity0 .

title: A mathematical model of XXXX proximal tubule and loop of Henle.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In this work, we present a method to assess left ventricle (LV) regional function from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging based on the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and regional area strain (RAS). CMR scans were performed for 30 @entity0 after first-time @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and nine age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. The CMR images were processed to reconstruct three-dimensional LV geometry, and the @entity3 and RAS in a 16-segment model were computed using our proposed methodology. The method of computing the @entity3 was tested and shown to be robust against variation in user input. Furthermore, analysis of data was feasible in all @entity0 and healthy volunteers without any exclusions. The @entity3 correlated well with the RAS in a nonlinear manner (quadratic fit-R(2) = 0.88). In @entity0 after first-time @entity1 , the @entity3 and RAS were significantly reduced across all 16 segments ( @entity3 : p < 0.05; RAS: p < 0.01). Moreover, the @entity3 and RAS significantly decreased with the extent of transmural scar obtained from late @entity2 -enhanced CMR images. In addition, we show that the @entity3 and RAS can be used to identify regions with compromised function in the @entity0 with preserved global ejection fraction with reasonable accuracy (more than 78%). These preliminary results confirmed the validity of our approach for accurate analysis of LV regional function. Our approach potentially offers physicians new insights into the local characteristics of the myocardial mechanics after a @entity1 .

title: Regional ejection fraction and regional area strain for left ventricular function assessment in male @entity0 after first-time XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In this work, we present a method to assess left ventricle (LV) regional function from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging based on the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and regional area strain (RAS). CMR scans were performed for 30 @entity0 after first-time @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and nine age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. The CMR images were processed to reconstruct three-dimensional LV geometry, and the @entity3 and RAS in a 16-segment model were computed using our proposed methodology. The method of computing the @entity3 was tested and shown to be robust against variation in user input. Furthermore, analysis of data was feasible in all @entity0 and healthy volunteers without any exclusions. The @entity3 correlated well with the RAS in a nonlinear manner (quadratic fit-R(2) = 0.88). In @entity0 after first-time @entity1 , the @entity3 and RAS were significantly reduced across all 16 segments ( @entity3 : p < 0.05; RAS: p < 0.01). Moreover, the @entity3 and RAS significantly decreased with the extent of transmural scar obtained from late @entity2 -enhanced CMR images. In addition, we show that the @entity3 and RAS can be used to identify regions with compromised function in the @entity0 with preserved global ejection fraction with reasonable accuracy (more than 78%). These preliminary results confirmed the validity of our approach for accurate analysis of LV regional function. Our approach potentially offers physicians new insights into the local characteristics of the myocardial mechanics after a @entity1 .

title: Regional ejection fraction and regional area strain for left ventricular function assessment in male XXXX after first-time @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Neonatal @entity1 (2.3 to 2.8 g) were inoculated intragastrically with different @entity0 isolates of @entity6 . At weekly intervals thereafter, @entity1 were sacrificed and dilution plate counts were performed on segments of the gastrointestinal tract. @entity1 were uniformly colonized by some strains for 2 weeks, whereas other strains were being cleared at that time. One strain (BO216) persisted in some @entity1 for 3 weeks. The greatest number of organisms (10(7)) was recovered from the cecum and large intestine. The small intestine had from 10(2) to 10(5) colony-forming units. Colonization of the stomach was not found consistently. One strain killed 13% of the infected @entity1 . @entity4 occurred between 1 and 5 days postinfection. Two other strains killed a smaller percentage of challenged animals, and two additional strains killed none. Retarded @entity5 was noticed in some, but not all, of the infected @entity1 . The intestines of neonatal @entity2 and @entity3 were colonized much the same as those of @entity1 , whereas hamsters were resistant to colonization. Preweanling @entity1 , up to about 6.5 to 7.0 g, could be colonized with @entity6 after intragastric challenge, but weanling @entity1 of larger weight (9.8 g) and young adult @entity1 (18.3 g) could not. Scanning electron photomicrographs of the lower ileum showed campylobacters in and below the dried mucous gel that lines the intestines. The use of this model for additional studies is discussed.

title: Intestinal colonization of neonatal animals by Campylobacter fetus subsp. XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, and restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. This study aimed to analyze trends in @entity1 diagnosis and intervention in 20 years of data from the Beijing Stars and Rain Education Institute for @entity2 (SR), the first @entity2 intervention center in mainland China, and from a recent survey of members of the Heart Alliance, an industry association of @entity2 intervention centers in China. METHODS: We analyzed the registration data at the SR from 1993 to 2012 for a total of 2,222 @entity0 who had a parent-reported diagnosis of @entity1 and 612 of ' @entity2 tendencies'. Most of the @entity0 who were the primary focus of our analyses were age six and under. We also analyzed results of a survey we conducted in 2013 of 100 member centers of the Heart Alliance. Generalized Estimating Equations, multiple linear regression and the Mann-Whitney test were used for data analysis. Statistically significant findings are reported here. RESULTS: The number of hospitals where SR @entity0 received their diagnosis increased from several in the early 1990s to 276 at present. The proportion of ' @entity2 tendencies' diagnosis increased 2.04-fold from 1998 to 2012 and was higher for @entity0 diagnosed at a younger age. The mean age at first diagnosis of @entity1 or ' @entity2 tendencies' decreased by 0.27 years every decade. A higher level of parental education was statistically significantly associated with an earlier diagnosis of the @entity0 . The mean parental age at childbirth increased by about 1.48 years per decade, and the mean maternal age was 1.40 and 2.10 years higher than that in the national population censuses of 2000 and 2010, respectively. At the time of the survey 3,957 @entity0 with @entity1 were being trained at the 100 @entity2 intervention centers. Ninety-seven of these centers opened after the year 2000. Economically underdeveloped regions are still underserved. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed encouraging trends and remaining challenges in @entity1 diagnosis and intervention among @entity0 at the SR over the past 20 years and the 100 @entity2 intervention centers in China at present.

title: Statistical analysis of twenty years (1993 to 2012) of data from mainland China's first intervention center for @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, and restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. This study aimed to analyze trends in @entity1 diagnosis and intervention in 20 years of data from the Beijing Stars and Rain Education Institute for @entity2 (SR), the first @entity2 intervention center in mainland China, and from a recent survey of members of the Heart Alliance, an industry association of @entity2 intervention centers in China. METHODS: We analyzed the registration data at the SR from 1993 to 2012 for a total of 2,222 @entity0 who had a parent-reported diagnosis of @entity1 and 612 of ' @entity2 tendencies'. Most of the @entity0 who were the primary focus of our analyses were age six and under. We also analyzed results of a survey we conducted in 2013 of 100 member centers of the Heart Alliance. Generalized Estimating Equations, multiple linear regression and the Mann-Whitney test were used for data analysis. Statistically significant findings are reported here. RESULTS: The number of hospitals where SR @entity0 received their diagnosis increased from several in the early 1990s to 276 at present. The proportion of ' @entity2 tendencies' diagnosis increased 2.04-fold from 1998 to 2012 and was higher for @entity0 diagnosed at a younger age. The mean age at first diagnosis of @entity1 or ' @entity2 tendencies' decreased by 0.27 years every decade. A higher level of parental education was statistically significantly associated with an earlier diagnosis of the @entity0 . The mean parental age at childbirth increased by about 1.48 years per decade, and the mean maternal age was 1.40 and 2.10 years higher than that in the national population censuses of 2000 and 2010, respectively. At the time of the survey 3,957 @entity0 with @entity1 were being trained at the 100 @entity2 intervention centers. Ninety-seven of these centers opened after the year 2000. Economically underdeveloped regions are still underserved. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed encouraging trends and remaining challenges in @entity1 diagnosis and intervention among @entity0 at the SR over the past 20 years and the 100 @entity2 intervention centers in China at present.

title: Statistical analysis of twenty years (1993 to 2012) of data from mainland China's first intervention center for XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Given the risk of @entity5 associated with cervical transforaminal injection, is it time to reconsider transforaminal injections of the lumbar spine? Arguments for discontinuing lumbar injections have been discussed in the anesthesia literature, raising concern about the risks of epidural @entity1 injections (ESIs). METHODS: In a 47-year-old @entity0 , @entity3 of the lower extremities developed, specifically @entity8 , after he underwent an @entity10 for recurrent @entity2 . Correct needle placement was verified with epidurography. Immediately after the injection, the @entity0 felt his legs "going dead"; @entity3 of the lower extremities was noted. RESULTS: An initial magnetic resonance imaging study performed after the @entity0 was transferred to the emergency department was unremarkable. However, a later neurosurgical evaluation showed @entity8 , and a second magnetic resonance imaging study showed the @entity6 . We conducted a search of the PubMed database of articles from 2002 to 2011 containing the following keywords: complications, lumbar epidural @entity1 injection(s), @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity5 , paresis, @entity5 , @entity4 , and anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Summarizing this case and 5 similar cases, we weigh the potential benefits and risks of @entity10 . Although one can safely assume that this severe, devastating complication is rare, we speculate that its true incidence remains unknown, possibly because of medicolegal implications. We believe that the rarity of this complication should not preclude the continued use of transforaminal @entity10 ; rather, it should be emphasized for discussion with @entity0 during the consent process.

title: XXXX after epidural @entity1 injection: Case report.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Given the risk of @entity5 associated with cervical transforaminal injection, is it time to reconsider transforaminal injections of the lumbar spine? Arguments for discontinuing lumbar injections have been discussed in the anesthesia literature, raising concern about the risks of epidural @entity1 injections (ESIs). METHODS: In a 47-year-old @entity0 , @entity3 of the lower extremities developed, specifically @entity8 , after he underwent an @entity10 for recurrent @entity2 . Correct needle placement was verified with epidurography. Immediately after the injection, the @entity0 felt his legs "going dead"; @entity3 of the lower extremities was noted. RESULTS: An initial magnetic resonance imaging study performed after the @entity0 was transferred to the emergency department was unremarkable. However, a later neurosurgical evaluation showed @entity8 , and a second magnetic resonance imaging study showed the @entity6 . We conducted a search of the PubMed database of articles from 2002 to 2011 containing the following keywords: complications, lumbar epidural @entity1 injection(s), @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity5 , paresis, @entity5 , @entity4 , and anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Summarizing this case and 5 similar cases, we weigh the potential benefits and risks of @entity10 . Although one can safely assume that this severe, devastating complication is rare, we speculate that its true incidence remains unknown, possibly because of medicolegal implications. We believe that the rarity of this complication should not preclude the continued use of transforaminal @entity10 ; rather, it should be emphasized for discussion with @entity0 during the consent process.

title: @entity8 after epidural XXXX injection: Case report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Plants can be infected by two types of wall-less procaryotes, spiroplasmas and @entity3 -like organisms (MLO), both located intracellularly in the phloem tissues of affected plants. Spiroplasmas have been cultured, characterized and shown to be true members of the class Mollicutes. MLO have not yet been cultured or characterized; they are thought to be @entity3 -like on the basis of their ultrastructure as seen in situ, their sensitivity to @entity2 and resistance to @entity0 . Mycoplasmas can also be found on the surface of plants. These extracellularly located organisms are members of the following genera: @entity4 . @entity3 and Acholeplasma. The presence of such surface mycoplasmas must not be overlooked when attempts to culture MLO from affected plants are undertaken. Sensitive serological techniques such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can successfully be used to compare the MLO located in the phloem of affected plants with those eventually cultured from the same plants. In California and Morocco periwinkles naturally infected with both @entity4 and MLO have been reported. With such doubly infected plants, the symptom expression has been that characteristic of the @entity1 (phyllody or stolbur), not that given by @entity4 . Only @entity4 can be cultured from such plants, but this does not indicate that @entity4 is the causal agent of the disease expressed by the plant. In California many nonrutaceous plants have been found to be infected with @entity4 . Stubborn affected citrus trees represent an important reservoir of @entity4 , and Circulifer tenellus is an active leafhopper vector of @entity4 . Hence, it is not surprising that in California MLO-infected fruit trees could also become infected with @entity4 but it would not mean that @entity4 is the causal agent of the disease. Criteria are discussed that are helpful in distinguishing between MLO infections and @entity4 infections.

title: XXXX of plants.

answer: @entity3