abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cartilage @entity8 during @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has been linked to an increased rate of apoptosis of chondrocytes, the only cell type resident in the cartilage. In addition, the @entity6 - @entity1 (the Fas system) has emerged as one of the major pathways of cell death in the cartilage. We undertook the present study to investigate the role of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in the regulation of the Fas system by analyzing the modulation of intracellular signaling molecules ( @entity7 inhibitory protein [ @entity5 ] and @entity9 ) in primary cultures of @entity0 @entity4 chondrocytes. METHODS: @entity6 -induced apoptotic death of @entity0 @entity4 chondrocytes was analyzed in the presence or absence of @entity2 using cell death immunoassay for apoptosis, real-time polymerase chain reaction for @entity5 and @entity7 expression, Western blotting for @entity5 , and proteolytic activity for @entity9 . RESULTS: @entity6 -induced apoptotic death of @entity0 @entity4 chondrocytes was strongly counteracted by @entity2 treatment, although the surface expression of @entity6 was slightly up-regulated by this cytokine. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of @entity5 and @entity7 , mediators involved in @entity6 signaling, revealed that @entity5 expression in @entity0 @entity4 chondrocytes was significantly up-regulated (2-fold increase) by @entity2 treatment. Moreover, the @entity5 : @entity7 mRNA ratio increased significantly. @entity5 up-regulation by @entity2 was confirmed at the protein level. @entity7 and @entity3 proteolytic activities, both induced in these cells by stimulation with anti- @entity6 , were also significantly down-modulated by @entity2 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity2 impairs @entity6 -mediated signaling and apoptotic death in @entity0 chondrocytes. Its mechanism of action involves down-regulation of @entity7 and @entity3 activities and increased expression of the antiapoptotic protein @entity5 , suggesting an interesting mechanism for the inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis.

title: Inhibition of @entity6 apoptotic signaling by @entity2 in XXXX osteoarthritic chondrocytes is associated with increased expression of @entity7 inhibitory protein.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Pharmacokinetics, safety and effects on @entity7 of @entity16 (SBTPC) fine granule were evaluated in 17 @entity0 . The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetics in 3 @entity0 receiving a single dose of 10 mg per kg body weight were evaluated. The half-life of @entity4 (ABPC) was 1.38 +/- 0.14 hours and that of @entity13 was 0.93 +/- 0.26 hour. 2. Fourteen cases, including 7 @entity11 , 2 @entity15 , 2 @entity9 , and 1 each of @entity6 , @entity17 and @entity8 were treated with SBTPC fine granule. The clinical efficacy rate was 100%. 3. Bacteriological efficacies classified by causative organisms were evaluated in 5 @entity0 . @entity3 was responsible in 3 cases, @entity10 in 1 case, @entity2 and @entity12 in 1 case. Eradication rate was 100%. SBTPC was more active than ABPC against ABPC-resistant strains and almost equal to or more active than @entity14 or cefaclor. 4. The only abnormal laboratory test value observed was @entity5 in 2 @entity0 . No side effects were recorded. From the above results it is concluded that SBTPC fine granule is one of first choices of effective, useful and safe antibiotics for the treatment of @entity1 in pediatric field.

title: [Clinical studies on XXXX fine granule in pediatric field].

answer: @entity16


abstract: Clinical studies of @entity6 (SBTPC) fine granules, an oral antibiotic with @entity7 linked @entity3 and beta-lactamase inhibitor, @entity5 , were performed in acute uncomplicated @entity4 and complicated @entity1 . 1. SBTPC fine granules were administrated at a dose of 187.5 mg 2-3 times daily for 5-7 days to 6 @entity0 with acute uncomplicated @entity4 . Clinical efficacies as judged according to the criteria of the UTI Committee were excellent in 5 cases and moderate in 1 case with an effectiveness rate of 100%. All of 7 identified bacteria were eradicated by the treatment. 2. SBTPC fine granules were administrated at a dose of 187.5 mg or 375 mg 3 times daily for 5-7 days to 17 @entity0 with complicated @entity1 . Clinical efficacies as judged according to the criteria of the UTI Committee were excellent in 8 cases, moderate in 4 cases and poor in 5 cases with an effectiveness rate of 70.6%. Out of 17 identified bacteria, 14 (82.4%) were eradicated by the treatment. 3. As adverse reactions, @entity8 , @entity2 and pharyngeal redness were observed in 1 case out of 31 cases treated with the drug. These symptoms, however, were mild and transient. No abnormal laboratory test values were observed. From the above results, it appears that SBTPC fine granules are useful in the treatment of @entity1 .

title: [Clinical studies on XXXX fine granules in the urological field].

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation currently is used for treatment of @entity4 . Although the success rate is high for almost all @entity8 ( @entity8 ), this technique has some drawbacks, especially when pulmonary veins (PV) are targeted for treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Additionally, new techniques for isolation of the PVs have the drawback that they can be used only for PV isolation and not for routine treatment of other SVTs. The aim of this study was to report on the safety and efficacy of a new cryoablation system for treatment of all SVTs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity0 with @entity8 (38 @entity0 ; age 48 years, range 23-76) were enrolled in the study. Five @entity0 were withdrawn from the study before they underwent cryoablation. The remaining 44 @entity0 were treated with cryoablation (22 @entity5 , 15 @entity6 , 3 accessory pathway, 2 AV nodal reentrant @entity1 , 1 AV junction ablation for permanent @entity5 , 1 @entity1 ). Cryoablation was performed with the CryoCor cryoablation system, which uses a precooling system and @entity7 as a refrigerant. The number of freezes applied varied according to the index @entity4 treated. Successful isolation of PVs was performed in 20 of (96%) 21 @entity5 @entity0 and 53 of 55 veins. The overall acute success was 98% (43/44). Fifty-three PVs were isolated (2.5/ @entity0 ). The success rate was 100% (23/23) for right-sided procedures. The average and nadir temperatures reached in right-sided and left-sided procedures were -77 degrees C and -80 degrees C and -75 degrees C and -78 degrees C, respectively. No @entity2 was seen. CONCLUSION: This novel cryoablation system appears to be safe and can successfully treat different types of SVTs, including @entity5 . Isolation of PVs is possible without producing @entity3 . Despite the high blood flow in the right atrial isthmus and PVs, bidirectional conduction block can be achieved.

title: Acute results of transvenous cryoablation of @entity8 ( @entity5 , XXXX , Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia).

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation currently is used for treatment of @entity4 . Although the success rate is high for almost all @entity8 ( @entity8 ), this technique has some drawbacks, especially when pulmonary veins (PV) are targeted for treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Additionally, new techniques for isolation of the PVs have the drawback that they can be used only for PV isolation and not for routine treatment of other SVTs. The aim of this study was to report on the safety and efficacy of a new cryoablation system for treatment of all SVTs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity0 with @entity8 (38 @entity0 ; age 48 years, range 23-76) were enrolled in the study. Five @entity0 were withdrawn from the study before they underwent cryoablation. The remaining 44 @entity0 were treated with cryoablation (22 @entity5 , 15 @entity6 , 3 accessory pathway, 2 AV nodal reentrant @entity1 , 1 AV junction ablation for permanent @entity5 , 1 @entity1 ). Cryoablation was performed with the CryoCor cryoablation system, which uses a precooling system and @entity7 as a refrigerant. The number of freezes applied varied according to the index @entity4 treated. Successful isolation of PVs was performed in 20 of (96%) 21 @entity5 @entity0 and 53 of 55 veins. The overall acute success was 98% (43/44). Fifty-three PVs were isolated (2.5/ @entity0 ). The success rate was 100% (23/23) for right-sided procedures. The average and nadir temperatures reached in right-sided and left-sided procedures were -77 degrees C and -80 degrees C and -75 degrees C and -78 degrees C, respectively. No @entity2 was seen. CONCLUSION: This novel cryoablation system appears to be safe and can successfully treat different types of SVTs, including @entity5 . Isolation of PVs is possible without producing @entity3 . Despite the high blood flow in the right atrial isthmus and PVs, bidirectional conduction block can be achieved.

title: Acute results of transvenous cryoablation of @entity8 ( XXXX , @entity6 , Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia).

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation currently is used for treatment of @entity4 . Although the success rate is high for almost all @entity8 ( @entity8 ), this technique has some drawbacks, especially when pulmonary veins (PV) are targeted for treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Additionally, new techniques for isolation of the PVs have the drawback that they can be used only for PV isolation and not for routine treatment of other SVTs. The aim of this study was to report on the safety and efficacy of a new cryoablation system for treatment of all SVTs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity0 with @entity8 (38 @entity0 ; age 48 years, range 23-76) were enrolled in the study. Five @entity0 were withdrawn from the study before they underwent cryoablation. The remaining 44 @entity0 were treated with cryoablation (22 @entity5 , 15 @entity6 , 3 accessory pathway, 2 AV nodal reentrant @entity1 , 1 AV junction ablation for permanent @entity5 , 1 @entity1 ). Cryoablation was performed with the CryoCor cryoablation system, which uses a precooling system and @entity7 as a refrigerant. The number of freezes applied varied according to the index @entity4 treated. Successful isolation of PVs was performed in 20 of (96%) 21 @entity5 @entity0 and 53 of 55 veins. The overall acute success was 98% (43/44). Fifty-three PVs were isolated (2.5/ @entity0 ). The success rate was 100% (23/23) for right-sided procedures. The average and nadir temperatures reached in right-sided and left-sided procedures were -77 degrees C and -80 degrees C and -75 degrees C and -78 degrees C, respectively. No @entity2 was seen. CONCLUSION: This novel cryoablation system appears to be safe and can successfully treat different types of SVTs, including @entity5 . Isolation of PVs is possible without producing @entity3 . Despite the high blood flow in the right atrial isthmus and PVs, bidirectional conduction block can be achieved.

title: Acute results of transvenous cryoablation of XXXX ( @entity5 , @entity6 , Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia).

answer: @entity8


abstract: The results of a screening programme for @entity2 in a high risk group using an immunochemical test for blood has been reported recently. This test is known as the faecal @entity0 haemoglobin ( @entity3 ) test. This paper reports the results of rescreening this group after an interval of 1-2 years. The @entity3 test was compared with a paper disc method. All individuals with positive tests were investigated and those with negative tests were offered investigation. The results confirm the value of the @entity3 test in screening a high risk group: 19 individuals in 1,153 @entity0 were found to have a significant @entity1 (1.6%). The predictive value of the test for a significant @entity1 was 42%. A false negative rate of 2.6% was found, all lesions being benign. It appears to be more reliable than the paper disc method but the differences do not reach statistical significance. The @entity3 test is recommended for screening the general population over the age of 40 years, with rescreening annually.

title: Rescreening of a group at high risk for XXXX using immunochemical tests for faecal occult blood.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Extraperitoneal unilateral iliac artery bypass was used to treat chronic @entity3 in 105 @entity0 (110 operations). This represented 20% of all operations for aorto- @entity1 . Unilateral iliac bypass was the preferred primary procedure for 99 operations, and was used to correct complications in one limb of a prior aortic bifurcation graft in the other 11. Ipsilateral femoropopliteal vein grafts were also performed in 45 legs (43%), prior to the iliac bypass in 18, as a synchronous operation in nine, and at a later date in 18 legs. This was a much higher proportion of combined operations than for @entity0 by aortic bifurcation grafts (12%). Only 5 @entity0 later required further proximal surgery, one for a blocked graft and four for @entity1 . The cumulative patency rate in surviving @entity0 was 91% at 3 years. For the claudicants and for iliofemoral bypass operations, only one graft occluded, within 5 years, and no grafts occluded for operations where the superficial femoral artery was patent. The cumulative patency rates at 3 years were 85% for @entity0 with critical ischaemia, 82% for ilioprofunda bypass operations, and 88% for operations where the superficial femoral artery was occluded. The cumulative foot-salvage rate in surviving @entity0 initially treated for critical ischaemia was 77% at 3 years. The cumulative survival rate was 90% at 3 years. Extraperitoneal unilateral iliac bypass is now preferred as the primary operation for @entity0 with apparent unilateral @entity1 causing severe ischaemia, if @entity2 is not appropriate or has failed.

title: Extraperitoneal unilateral iliac artery bypass for chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess trends in @entity1 management and to identify factors associated with increasing short-acting (SA) beta-agonist utilization in British Columbia using administrative prescription data. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING: All @entity0 between 13 and 50 years of age who had received at least one prescription for a @entity2 -agonist covered by BC Pharmacare between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 1998. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of all @entity0 , and longitudinal analyses only of @entity0 who had received at least one @entity2 -agonist prescription in each of the 3 years. Trends in @entity1 medication use over time were evaluated using repeated-measures Mantel-Haenszel tests. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with increasing @entity2 -agonist use. RESULTS: A total of 78,758 @entity0 were included in the cohort. No decrease in the annual prevalence of receiving more than four canisters per year of a @entity2 -agonist was identified between 1996 and 1998. A total of 12,844 @entity0 filled at least one @entity2 -agonist prescription each year. Time-trend analysis showed an overall increasing probability of not receiving an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) agent in this population (p = 0.002). In @entity0 exhibiting low @entity2 -agonist use, > 18 years of age (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.5), male gender (adjusted OR, 1.7), and in receipt of social assistance (adjusted OR, 2.3) were associated with receiving increasing amounts of @entity2 -agonist agents over the 3 years. In @entity0 with a high degree of use of @entity2 -agonists, only the receipt of social assistance (adjusted OR, 1.3) was significantly associated with increasing use. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the development and dissemination of @entity1 management guidelines, there was no trend toward decreasing @entity2 -agonist use. An unexpected trend toward decreasing ICS utilization was identified. Receiving social assistance was a risk factor for increasing @entity2 -agonist use, independent of baseline utilization.

title: Patterns of inhaled XXXX medication use: a 3-year longitudinal analysis of prescription claims data from British Columbia, Canada.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the lung damage caused by intrapleural @entity4 (SN) with that caused by talc over a 12-month period. DESIGN: One hundred forty @entity1 received an intrapleural injection of 0.5% SN or 400 mg/kg talc slurry in 2 mL saline solution. Groups of 10 @entity1 were killed after 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 months. The macroscopic pleurodesis, microscopic lung changes (ie, collapse, @entity3 , and @entity0 ), and cellular infiltrates (number and proportion of cells) were graded on a scale of 0 to 4. RESULTS: The mean (+/- SEM) adhesion score after SN injection (3.3 +/- 0.1) was higher (p < 0.001) than that after talc injection (2.3 +/- 0.1). The mean @entity2 score was greater (p < 0.001) 1 month after SN injection (2.2 +/- 0.3) than after talc injection (0.2 +/- 0.1) and was similar from the second month on. The degree of @entity3 , by @entity2 score, (SN injection, 0.2 +/- 0.1; talc injection, 0.2 +/- 0.0) and @entity0 (SN injection, 0.4 +/- 0.1; talc injection, 0.3 +/- 0.1) was minimal in both groups (p > 0.05). One month after the injection, the total number of inflammatory cells was greater (p < 0.001) in @entity1 that had received SN injections (2.7 +/- 0.3) than in those that had received talc injections (1.2 +/- 0.1). From the second month on, cellularity decreased and became similar in both groups. The cellular profile was different, with a predominantly neutrophilic reaction after talc injection and a predominantly eosinophilic reaction after SN injection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 injected with intrapleural 0.5% SN had significantly higher scores for adhesions than did those that had received talc injections, with mild and reversible @entity2 and an eosinophilic responses, conditions showing a clear tendency to normalize with time.

title: Lung damage in experimental pleurodesis induced by XXXX or talc: 1-year follow-up.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The current study was designed to examine whether ubiquitin expression is higher in unstable than in stable lesions of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). BACKGROUND: The ubiquitin system has been identified as the nonlysosomal pathway of protein degradation; it is involved in a number of biologic processes crucial to cell and tissue integrity and therefore, might be potentially involved in the rupture of unstable coronary plaques. METHODS: We conducted an autopsy-based study of 25 consecutive @entity0 with fatal @entity2 . Lesions of both @entity3 -related and noninfarct-related segments from the same @entity0 were examined for the expression and localization of ubiquitin by use of immunohistochemistry and a semiquantitative grading scale. RESULTS: Ubiquitin immunoreactivity was higher in @entity3 -related than in noninfarct-related lesions (1.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.6, p = 0.03). Compared with areas adjacent to the plaque (0.6 +/- 0.7), ubiquitin immunoreactivity was higher in areas around the lipid core (2.5 +/- 0.8, p < 0.001), plaque shoulders (1.6 +/- 1.1, p < 0.001), and fibrous cap regions (1.6 +/- 1.1, p < 0.001). Within the plaque area, co-localization of ubiquitin immunoreactivity with T cells and macrophages was found. In areas adjacent to the plaque, ubiquitin immunoreactivity co-localized with @entity5 cells and media smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity2 , ubiquitin immunoreactivity is enhanced in unstable, @entity4 , predominantly in plaque regions of tissue degradation. Based on these findings, this study suggests a role for the ubiquitin system in the destabilization and rupture of @entity1 in @entity0 .

title: Increased ubiquitin immunoreactivity in unstable atherosclerotic plaques associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was done to identify the best treatment for an isolated high-grade @entity4 of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). BACKGROUND: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with stenting (PCI) and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (surgery) are used to treat single-vessel disease of a high-grade @entity4 of the proximal LAD. Midterm results of both treatments are compared in this prospective randomized study. METHODS: In a single-center prospective trial, we randomly assigned 102 @entity0 with a high-grade @entity4 of the proximal LAD (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association classification type @entity6 ) to PCI (n = 51) or surgery (n = 51). Primary composite end point was freedom from Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events (MACCE) at follow-up, including death, @entity3 , @entity2 , and repeat target vessel revascularization (TVR). Secondary end points were @entity5 class and need for antianginal medication at follow-up. Analysis was by intention-to-treat (ITT) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was three years (90% midrange, two to four years). Incidence of MACCE was 23.5% after PCI and 9.8% after surgery; p = 0.07 ITT (24.1% vs. 8.3%; p = 0.04 @entity1 ). After surgery a significantly lower @entity5 class (p = 0.02) and need for antianginal medication (p = 0.01) was found compared to PCI. Target vessel revascularization was 15.7% after PCI and 4.1% after surgery (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: At three-year follow-up (range, two to four years), a trend in favor of surgery is observed in regard to MACCE-free survival with a significantly lower @entity5 status and significantly lower need for antianginal medication.

title: A prospective randomized trial comparing stenting with off-pump coronary surgery for high-grade XXXX in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery: three-year follow-up.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of weekly high-dose @entity9 in @entity5 -independent @entity4 and its cytotoxic synergy with @entity12 led to the evaluation of a weekly schedule of @entity9 and @entity12 in this Phase II trial. METHODS: @entity0 were eligible if they had metastatic @entity4 with objective progression or rising @entity11 levels despite @entity5 deprivation therapy and @entity13 withdrawal. Prior radiation and/or one prior chemotherapy regimen was permitted. A Zubrod performance status of 2 or less and adequate @entity3 were required. @entity12 was administered orally at a dose of 280 mg three times daily on days 1 to 3, 8 to 10, and 15 to 17. @entity9 (150 mg/m2) was administered as a 1-hour intravenous infusion on days 2, 9, and 16. Therapy was repeated every 28 days (one cycle). RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity0 were enrolled (median age 71.5 years). Fifteen @entity0 had measurable disease (nine nodal and seven visceral) and 13 had bone-only metastases. A total of 116 cycles of therapy were delivered (median 4 cycles per @entity0 , range 1 to 12). Nine @entity0 required dose reduction. The predominant @entity2 consisted of grade 3 @entity1 in 6 @entity0 and grade 3 and 4 @entity10 in 4 @entity0 , with one hospitalization for @entity10 . Three @entity0 had @entity7 manifestations: one @entity8 and two non-Q wave @entity6 . Of the 28 @entity0 , 26 were assessable for response. Of 13 @entity0 with measurable disease, 5 demonstrated a partial response (1 in the liver and 4 in the lymph nodes), and 8 of 13 @entity0 with bone-only metastases had a 50% or greater decrease in @entity11 level. Three @entity0 had a 90% or greater decline in @entity11 . The overall @entity11 response rate was 61.53% (95% confidence interval 38.1% to 74.2%). The median time to progression was 4.64 months, and the median survival was 13 months. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of weekly @entity12 and @entity9 is active in metastatic @entity5 -independent @entity4 .

title: An active regimen of weekly @entity9 and XXXX in metastatic @entity5 -independent @entity4 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of weekly high-dose @entity9 in @entity5 -independent @entity4 and its cytotoxic synergy with @entity12 led to the evaluation of a weekly schedule of @entity9 and @entity12 in this Phase II trial. METHODS: @entity0 were eligible if they had metastatic @entity4 with objective progression or rising @entity11 levels despite @entity5 deprivation therapy and @entity13 withdrawal. Prior radiation and/or one prior chemotherapy regimen was permitted. A Zubrod performance status of 2 or less and adequate @entity3 were required. @entity12 was administered orally at a dose of 280 mg three times daily on days 1 to 3, 8 to 10, and 15 to 17. @entity9 (150 mg/m2) was administered as a 1-hour intravenous infusion on days 2, 9, and 16. Therapy was repeated every 28 days (one cycle). RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity0 were enrolled (median age 71.5 years). Fifteen @entity0 had measurable disease (nine nodal and seven visceral) and 13 had bone-only metastases. A total of 116 cycles of therapy were delivered (median 4 cycles per @entity0 , range 1 to 12). Nine @entity0 required dose reduction. The predominant @entity2 consisted of grade 3 @entity1 in 6 @entity0 and grade 3 and 4 @entity10 in 4 @entity0 , with one hospitalization for @entity10 . Three @entity0 had @entity7 manifestations: one @entity8 and two non-Q wave @entity6 . Of the 28 @entity0 , 26 were assessable for response. Of 13 @entity0 with measurable disease, 5 demonstrated a partial response (1 in the liver and 4 in the lymph nodes), and 8 of 13 @entity0 with bone-only metastases had a 50% or greater decrease in @entity11 level. Three @entity0 had a 90% or greater decline in @entity11 . The overall @entity11 response rate was 61.53% (95% confidence interval 38.1% to 74.2%). The median time to progression was 4.64 months, and the median survival was 13 months. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of weekly @entity12 and @entity9 is active in metastatic @entity5 -independent @entity4 .

title: An active regimen of weekly @entity9 and @entity12 in metastatic @entity5 -independent XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of weekly high-dose @entity9 in @entity5 -independent @entity4 and its cytotoxic synergy with @entity12 led to the evaluation of a weekly schedule of @entity9 and @entity12 in this Phase II trial. METHODS: @entity0 were eligible if they had metastatic @entity4 with objective progression or rising @entity11 levels despite @entity5 deprivation therapy and @entity13 withdrawal. Prior radiation and/or one prior chemotherapy regimen was permitted. A Zubrod performance status of 2 or less and adequate @entity3 were required. @entity12 was administered orally at a dose of 280 mg three times daily on days 1 to 3, 8 to 10, and 15 to 17. @entity9 (150 mg/m2) was administered as a 1-hour intravenous infusion on days 2, 9, and 16. Therapy was repeated every 28 days (one cycle). RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity0 were enrolled (median age 71.5 years). Fifteen @entity0 had measurable disease (nine nodal and seven visceral) and 13 had bone-only metastases. A total of 116 cycles of therapy were delivered (median 4 cycles per @entity0 , range 1 to 12). Nine @entity0 required dose reduction. The predominant @entity2 consisted of grade 3 @entity1 in 6 @entity0 and grade 3 and 4 @entity10 in 4 @entity0 , with one hospitalization for @entity10 . Three @entity0 had @entity7 manifestations: one @entity8 and two non-Q wave @entity6 . Of the 28 @entity0 , 26 were assessable for response. Of 13 @entity0 with measurable disease, 5 demonstrated a partial response (1 in the liver and 4 in the lymph nodes), and 8 of 13 @entity0 with bone-only metastases had a 50% or greater decrease in @entity11 level. Three @entity0 had a 90% or greater decline in @entity11 . The overall @entity11 response rate was 61.53% (95% confidence interval 38.1% to 74.2%). The median time to progression was 4.64 months, and the median survival was 13 months. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of weekly @entity12 and @entity9 is active in metastatic @entity5 -independent @entity4 .

title: An active regimen of weekly @entity9 and @entity12 in metastatic XXXX -independent @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of weekly high-dose @entity9 in @entity5 -independent @entity4 and its cytotoxic synergy with @entity12 led to the evaluation of a weekly schedule of @entity9 and @entity12 in this Phase II trial. METHODS: @entity0 were eligible if they had metastatic @entity4 with objective progression or rising @entity11 levels despite @entity5 deprivation therapy and @entity13 withdrawal. Prior radiation and/or one prior chemotherapy regimen was permitted. A Zubrod performance status of 2 or less and adequate @entity3 were required. @entity12 was administered orally at a dose of 280 mg three times daily on days 1 to 3, 8 to 10, and 15 to 17. @entity9 (150 mg/m2) was administered as a 1-hour intravenous infusion on days 2, 9, and 16. Therapy was repeated every 28 days (one cycle). RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity0 were enrolled (median age 71.5 years). Fifteen @entity0 had measurable disease (nine nodal and seven visceral) and 13 had bone-only metastases. A total of 116 cycles of therapy were delivered (median 4 cycles per @entity0 , range 1 to 12). Nine @entity0 required dose reduction. The predominant @entity2 consisted of grade 3 @entity1 in 6 @entity0 and grade 3 and 4 @entity10 in 4 @entity0 , with one hospitalization for @entity10 . Three @entity0 had @entity7 manifestations: one @entity8 and two non-Q wave @entity6 . Of the 28 @entity0 , 26 were assessable for response. Of 13 @entity0 with measurable disease, 5 demonstrated a partial response (1 in the liver and 4 in the lymph nodes), and 8 of 13 @entity0 with bone-only metastases had a 50% or greater decrease in @entity11 level. Three @entity0 had a 90% or greater decline in @entity11 . The overall @entity11 response rate was 61.53% (95% confidence interval 38.1% to 74.2%). The median time to progression was 4.64 months, and the median survival was 13 months. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of weekly @entity12 and @entity9 is active in metastatic @entity5 -independent @entity4 .

title: An active regimen of weekly XXXX and @entity12 in metastatic @entity5 -independent @entity4 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To describe the technique of transperitoneal laparoscopic bilateral synchronous partial adrenalectomy in a @entity0 with bilateral @entity3 . TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS: An 81-year-old @entity0 with bilateral @entity3 underwent bilateral laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy. A three-port transperitoneal approach was used for each side, with an additional port for liver retraction during right partial adrenalectomy. Laparoscopic flexible ultrasonography was invaluable for localizing the @entity1 and for precise planning of the line of excision. The right main adrenal vein was preserved. Dissection and enucleation of the @entity1 and parenchymal hemostasis was achieved effectively using a harmonic scalpel. The total operative time was 2 and 2.5 hours for the left and right adrenal gland, respectively. No major intraoperative hemodynamic instability was noted. The @entity2 was 150 mL, and the hospital stay was 4 days. Pathologic examination confirmed bilateral @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy for @entity3 is safe and technically feasible. Intraoperative ultrasonography is helpful to accurately plan resection of the @entity1 . If @entity1 location permits, the main adrenal vein should be preserved to ensure adequate vascularity for the adrenal remnant.

title: Laparoscopic bilateral partial adrenalectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Basiliximab, a chimeric @entity9 ( @entity9 ) antagonist, was evaluated in 17 @entity0 with @entity2 -refractory @entity7 ( @entity7 ) after allogeneic @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity0 were transplanted from a related (n = 6) or unrelated (n = 11) HLA-identical donor because of @entity3 (n = 4), @entity10 (n = 3), @entity5 (n = 7), @entity8 (n = 1), @entity6 (n = 1), and multiple @entity4 (n = 1). Basiliximab was given at a dose of 2 x 20 mg on 2 consecutive days after @entity2 -refractory acute @entity7 had developed. Basiliximab was repeated on day 8 in cases of persistent @entity7 . A median of four basiliximab infusions (range 1-12) were given to these @entity0 . None had infusion-associated or cytokine-related side-effects after basiliximab. Twelve of 17 @entity0 (71%) responded to basiliximab, 9/17 (53%) had a complete response (CR) of acute @entity7 and 3/17 (18%) had a partial response (PR). Five of 17 @entity0 (29%) did not respond. @entity7 developed in 8/13 evaluable @entity0 and only 2/8 had responded to basiliximab before. Five of 13 evaluable @entity0 have no signs of @entity7 and all five had a CR or PR after basiliximab. This is the first report on the safety of basiliximab in @entity0 with @entity2 -refractory acute @entity7 . Our data suggest that basiliximab is effective in a substantial proportion of these @entity0 .

title: Basiliximab is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of @entity2 -refractory @entity7 after allogeneic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Basiliximab, a chimeric @entity9 ( @entity9 ) antagonist, was evaluated in 17 @entity0 with @entity2 -refractory @entity7 ( @entity7 ) after allogeneic @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity0 were transplanted from a related (n = 6) or unrelated (n = 11) HLA-identical donor because of @entity3 (n = 4), @entity10 (n = 3), @entity5 (n = 7), @entity8 (n = 1), @entity6 (n = 1), and multiple @entity4 (n = 1). Basiliximab was given at a dose of 2 x 20 mg on 2 consecutive days after @entity2 -refractory acute @entity7 had developed. Basiliximab was repeated on day 8 in cases of persistent @entity7 . A median of four basiliximab infusions (range 1-12) were given to these @entity0 . None had infusion-associated or cytokine-related side-effects after basiliximab. Twelve of 17 @entity0 (71%) responded to basiliximab, 9/17 (53%) had a complete response (CR) of acute @entity7 and 3/17 (18%) had a partial response (PR). Five of 17 @entity0 (29%) did not respond. @entity7 developed in 8/13 evaluable @entity0 and only 2/8 had responded to basiliximab before. Five of 13 evaluable @entity0 have no signs of @entity7 and all five had a CR or PR after basiliximab. This is the first report on the safety of basiliximab in @entity0 with @entity2 -refractory acute @entity7 . Our data suggest that basiliximab is effective in a substantial proportion of these @entity0 .

title: Basiliximab is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of @entity2 -refractory XXXX after allogeneic @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Basiliximab, a chimeric @entity9 ( @entity9 ) antagonist, was evaluated in 17 @entity0 with @entity2 -refractory @entity7 ( @entity7 ) after allogeneic @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity0 were transplanted from a related (n = 6) or unrelated (n = 11) HLA-identical donor because of @entity3 (n = 4), @entity10 (n = 3), @entity5 (n = 7), @entity8 (n = 1), @entity6 (n = 1), and multiple @entity4 (n = 1). Basiliximab was given at a dose of 2 x 20 mg on 2 consecutive days after @entity2 -refractory acute @entity7 had developed. Basiliximab was repeated on day 8 in cases of persistent @entity7 . A median of four basiliximab infusions (range 1-12) were given to these @entity0 . None had infusion-associated or cytokine-related side-effects after basiliximab. Twelve of 17 @entity0 (71%) responded to basiliximab, 9/17 (53%) had a complete response (CR) of acute @entity7 and 3/17 (18%) had a partial response (PR). Five of 17 @entity0 (29%) did not respond. @entity7 developed in 8/13 evaluable @entity0 and only 2/8 had responded to basiliximab before. Five of 13 evaluable @entity0 have no signs of @entity7 and all five had a CR or PR after basiliximab. This is the first report on the safety of basiliximab in @entity0 with @entity2 -refractory acute @entity7 . Our data suggest that basiliximab is effective in a substantial proportion of these @entity0 .

title: Basiliximab is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of XXXX -refractory @entity7 after allogeneic @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and duplex outcome after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in recently symptomatic @entity0 aged 80 years or older. Information was assembled from a prospective data collection of all CEAs performed from January 1986 to December 1999. Included were all @entity0 with recently symptomatic @entity4 who were aged 80 years or older at time of operation. Thirty-two @entity0 , with a mean age of 82 years, were included. Outcome events were @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity3 (more than 50% diameter reduction) during routine duplex scan follow-up. Conventional surgical technique was used regarding anesthesia and selective shunting or patching. None of the operated-on @entity0 suffered a @entity1 at any time during follow-up. One @entity0 (3.1%) died in the early postoperative phase (<30 days). An additional 8 @entity0 died during follow-up. None of these deaths were of cerebrovascular origin. Survival at 3 years was 73% (life table analysis). Routine duplex scan follow-up showed 2 @entity0 with a diameter reduction of more than 50%, both 3 months after CEA. @entity3 rate on duplex scan was 7.4% after 1 year. The authors conclude that there seems to be no reason to deny the very elderly the benefits of CEA. @entity1 -free survival and survival rates show that carotid surgery is a safe procedure in @entity0 aged 80 and over who are in apparently good health. These findings are supported by a low incidence of @entity3 on duplex scan follow-up, indicating a durable repair.

title: Carotid endarterectomy in octogenarians with symptomatic high-grade internal XXXX : long-term clinical and duplex follow-up.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity11 represents a serious complication of tracheostomy or of endotracheal intubation. The objective of this article was to evaluate the results of resective therapy of @entity0 with @entity11 . METHODS: In 41 @entity0 treated by tracheal resection for @entity11 the diagnosis was established by bronchoscopy, tracheal tomography or CT. The following parameters were evaluated: the reasons for artificial pulmonary ventilation, basic @entity8 (site of @entity8 , length, diameter), the relationship between the duration of cannulation and asymptomatic @entity4 . RESULTS: The most frequent reason for cannulation was @entity1 (n = 23), most @entity0 were cannulated for 4-5 weeks (n = 16), the symptoms of @entity8 appeared mostly within 4-5 weeks (n = 11) after decannulation. The asymptomatic interval was longer in @entity0 with longer periods of cannulation (p < 0.01) than in @entity0 with a shorter cannulation period. The most frequent site of stenoses was the medium third of the @entity7 (n = 22). The longest resected section measured 60 mm. In 3 @entity0 (7.3 %) a @entity10 was found together with the @entity8 . In 3 @entity0 (7.3 %) @entity3 appeared. @entity6 with @entity9 of the sternum developed in one @entity0 . Granulation tissue on the @entity2 site (n = 4, 9.7 %) was treated by laser or disappeared spontaneously. None of the @entity0 died within 30 days after operation. CONCLUSION: Resection is the optimum therapeutic method for @entity11 with @entity5 and a small number of @entity4 . Successful tracheal resection is a definitive solution in comparison with stent placement.

title: [Resection of the @entity7 for cicatrical XXXX ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity11 represents a serious complication of tracheostomy or of endotracheal intubation. The objective of this article was to evaluate the results of resective therapy of @entity0 with @entity11 . METHODS: In 41 @entity0 treated by tracheal resection for @entity11 the diagnosis was established by bronchoscopy, tracheal tomography or CT. The following parameters were evaluated: the reasons for artificial pulmonary ventilation, basic @entity8 (site of @entity8 , length, diameter), the relationship between the duration of cannulation and asymptomatic @entity4 . RESULTS: The most frequent reason for cannulation was @entity1 (n = 23), most @entity0 were cannulated for 4-5 weeks (n = 16), the symptoms of @entity8 appeared mostly within 4-5 weeks (n = 11) after decannulation. The asymptomatic interval was longer in @entity0 with longer periods of cannulation (p < 0.01) than in @entity0 with a shorter cannulation period. The most frequent site of stenoses was the medium third of the @entity7 (n = 22). The longest resected section measured 60 mm. In 3 @entity0 (7.3 %) a @entity10 was found together with the @entity8 . In 3 @entity0 (7.3 %) @entity3 appeared. @entity6 with @entity9 of the sternum developed in one @entity0 . Granulation tissue on the @entity2 site (n = 4, 9.7 %) was treated by laser or disappeared spontaneously. None of the @entity0 died within 30 days after operation. CONCLUSION: Resection is the optimum therapeutic method for @entity11 with @entity5 and a small number of @entity4 . Successful tracheal resection is a definitive solution in comparison with stent placement.

title: [Resection of the XXXX for cicatrical @entity8 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity9 is fatal if the diagnosis and treatments are delayed. Here we present a case of acute @entity8 to the right and @entity4 after right lung lobar resection. A 52-year-old @entity0 who admitted to our hospital with @entity1 was performed right upper lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection (pT1N0M0, well differentiated @entity5 ). Two days after surgery, she complained sudden chest discomfort and @entity10 . The blood pressure and @entity3 saturation were rapidly decreased. Because there was no lung @entity2 or @entity7 in the chest portable roentgenogram and no ischemic change in the electrocardiogram, @entity9 was suspected and emergency chest computed tomography (CT) was performed. The CT showed left and right pulmonary arterial @entity8 and immediate anti-coagulator therapy was started. Her condition was improved and chest CT, which was performed three days after the onset of the @entity8 , showed decreased but still remained @entity6 . The anti-coagulator therapy was continued and one month after the onset of the @entity8 , @entity6 was disappeared on chest CT. She is doing well 17 months after surgery. Early diagnosis and treatments are critical for the @entity9 .

title: [ XXXX complicating lung lobectomy; report of a case].

answer: @entity9


abstract: The mechanism of cardio-inhibitory effects of @entity7 ( @entity6 ) was investigated by studying its effects on the contractility, action potentials (APs) and ultrastructure of @entity1 atrial preparations. @entity6 (10(-7)-10(-4) M) caused reversible negative ino- (NIE) and chrono-tropy in spontaneously beating (SBA) and NIE in electrically driven left ( @entity8 ) atria. At higher doses (greater than or equal to 1.10(-3) M) @entity6 caused irreversible inhibition of contractions. @entity5 (10(-7)-10(-4) M) failed to inhibit both the reversible and irreversible effects of @entity6 . The NIE due to lower doses of @entity6 (less than or equal to 1.10(-4) M) was inhibited by higher [ @entity0 ]0, @entity4 (10(-6)-10(-4) M), and @entity2 (10(-6)-10(-5) M), which did not alter the dose of @entity6 required for the irreversible and complete NIE. In lower doses (10(-7)-10(-4) M) @entity6 caused a reversible inhibition of the AP durations at -20 and -40 mV (APD20 and APD40, respectively), but increased the AP duration at 90% repolarisation (APD90). At higher doses (greater than 5.10(-4) M) it caused an irreversible membrane depolarization, reduction in APD20 and APD40, and complete cessation of electrical activity. The ultrastructural changes in atria treated with 1.10(-4) M @entity6 were characterized by poorly delineated glycocalyx and at greater than 1.10(-3) M by disruption of sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum and swelling disruption of mitochondria. Taken together these observations show that @entity6 caused reversible and irreversible inhibition of atrial contractions at low (10(-7)-10(-4) M) and high (greater than 5.10(-4) M) concentrations, respectively, by different mechanisms. The former effect is due to inhibition of @entity0 channel activity and the latter due to its detergent property causing @entity3 .

title: Effects of @entity7 on the mechanical and electrical activities and ultrastructure of XXXX atria.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The mechanism of cardio-inhibitory effects of @entity7 ( @entity6 ) was investigated by studying its effects on the contractility, action potentials (APs) and ultrastructure of @entity1 atrial preparations. @entity6 (10(-7)-10(-4) M) caused reversible negative ino- (NIE) and chrono-tropy in spontaneously beating (SBA) and NIE in electrically driven left ( @entity8 ) atria. At higher doses (greater than or equal to 1.10(-3) M) @entity6 caused irreversible inhibition of contractions. @entity5 (10(-7)-10(-4) M) failed to inhibit both the reversible and irreversible effects of @entity6 . The NIE due to lower doses of @entity6 (less than or equal to 1.10(-4) M) was inhibited by higher [ @entity0 ]0, @entity4 (10(-6)-10(-4) M), and @entity2 (10(-6)-10(-5) M), which did not alter the dose of @entity6 required for the irreversible and complete NIE. In lower doses (10(-7)-10(-4) M) @entity6 caused a reversible inhibition of the AP durations at -20 and -40 mV (APD20 and APD40, respectively), but increased the AP duration at 90% repolarisation (APD90). At higher doses (greater than 5.10(-4) M) it caused an irreversible membrane depolarization, reduction in APD20 and APD40, and complete cessation of electrical activity. The ultrastructural changes in atria treated with 1.10(-4) M @entity6 were characterized by poorly delineated glycocalyx and at greater than 1.10(-3) M by disruption of sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum and swelling disruption of mitochondria. Taken together these observations show that @entity6 caused reversible and irreversible inhibition of atrial contractions at low (10(-7)-10(-4) M) and high (greater than 5.10(-4) M) concentrations, respectively, by different mechanisms. The former effect is due to inhibition of @entity0 channel activity and the latter due to its detergent property causing @entity3 .

title: Effects of XXXX on the mechanical and electrical activities and ultrastructure of @entity1 atria.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter for massive @entity8 ( @entity8 ) with cardiopulmonary instability has not been clinically studied. We present a case series of six such @entity0 who received an IVC filter with anticoagulation rather than thrombolysis because of high risk of @entity5 . @entity3 was considered, but was not possible for a variety of individual clinical situations. These six hospitalized @entity0 prospectively followed during their admission. They were triaged to three medical intensive care units (ICUs) and one surgical ICU in three university teaching hospitals. One @entity0 was transferred from another institution. All six @entity0 had severe @entity4 and tenuous cardiopulmonary status. All required high inspiratory @entity1 and hemodynamic support; two required mechanical ventilation and vasopressors. An IVC filter was placed emergently and anticoagulation was started immediately All six @entity0 had @entity3 (PTE) on anticoagulation while the IVC filter prevented further @entity8 . All six @entity0 were discharged home in their pre-critical @entity2 state. None ofthe @entity0 suffered complications from this therapy and had excellent @entity7 . The IVC filter placement prevented further major @entity6 while the PTE resolved with anticoagulation. An IVC filter should be considered as an adjunct to anticoagulation therapy for those @entity0 with massive @entity8 and cardiopulmonary instability who are not candidates for thrombolysis, and @entity3 is not readily available or is of very high risk.

title: The use of inferior vena cava filter as a treatment modality for massive XXXX . A case series and review of pathophysiology.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare cycle outcomes in similar populations of @entity0 over 40 who underwent blastocyst transfer compared with @entity0 who had day 3 embryo transfer with assisted hatching (ET/ @entity1 ). DESIGN: Retrospective study. STTING: University hospital-based program. @entity0 (S): Eighty-six IVF cycles in @entity0 ages 40 to 43 years who had more than three eight-cell embryos on day 3. On day 3 of embryo culture, @entity0 chose either to undergo blastocyst transfer or day 3 ET/ @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy and cryopreservation rates were recorded. RESULT(S): In 48 cycles, blastocyst transfer was performed, and in 38 cycles day 3 ET/ @entity1 was performed. There was no statistically significant difference between the blastocyst transfer group and the day 3 ET/ @entity1 group with respect to age (41.1 +/- 0.9 years vs. 41.6 +/- 0.8 years), percentage of intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles (29.2% vs. and 27.6%), number of oocytes (14.9 +/- 5.6 vs. 12.8 +/- 4.0), or number of eight-cell embryos (6.1 +/- 2.2 vs. 5.4 +/- 1.5). Significantly fewers embryos were transferred per cycle with blastocyst transfer (2.6 +/- 1.0) compared with day 3 ET/ @entity1 (5.9 +/- 2.0). The viable pregnancy rate was similar in the blastocyst transfer group (29.2%) and in the day 3 ET/ @entity1 group (26.3%). Embryos for cryopreservation were available in significantly more cycles in the blastocyst transfer group (52.1%) than in the day 3 ET/ @entity1 group (21.1%). Cleavage stage arrest occurred only in one cycle. CONCLUSIONS: Blastocyst transfer appears to be as effective as day 3 ET/ @entity1 in older @entity0 with good embryos. Higher cryopreservation rate in the blastocyst transfer group may represent an advantage over day 3 ET/ @entity1 . Older @entity0 may also benefit from the information that extended culture provides them regarding their oocyte quality.

title: Comparison of blastocyst transfer to day 3 transfer with assisted hatching in the older XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 may be lethal, especially when life-threatening complications occur. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 184 @entity0 with @entity1 who were treated at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital during the past 6 years. Factors such as age, sex, hospitalization days, clinical presentations, involved spaces, imaging studies, microbiology, and treatment method were analyzed. There were 122 @entity0 and 62 @entity0 with a mean age of 41.7 years. The average hospitalization was 8.4 days. The involved spaces, determined by physical examination and radiologic findings, were the peritonsillar space (59 @entity0 ), parapharyngeal space (77 @entity0 ), submandibular space (55 @entity0 ), and retropharyngeal space (20 @entity0 ). Of the 49 @entity0 for whom the origin of @entity1 was identified, 29 were infected via the upper respiratory tract and 13 had @entity1 of odontogenic origin. The most common isolated organism was @entity7 . One hundred and thirty-seven @entity0 (74.5%) underwent surgery, including repeated needle aspiration (87 @entity0 ) and surgical drainage (50 @entity0 ). The remaining 47 @entity0 recovered uneventfully with antibiotic therapy alone. Eighteen @entity0 developed life-threatening complications, such as descending @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . Two @entity0 died of @entity3 . The combination of accurate diagnosis, effective antibiotic therapy, airway maintenance, and intensive surgical debridement for those who fail to respond to conservative treatment will lead to a good prognosis.

title: Space XXXX of the head and neck.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of ultrasonographic measurement of cervical length for predicting the duration of the latency period from admission to delivery in @entity0 with preterm @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHOD: Prospective study in 88 @entity0 with @entity6 before 34 weeks of @entity4 . The median gestational age at admission was of 30.1 weeks. The clinical management included: no digital examination of the uterine cervix, antenatal corticosteroids, antibiotics ( @entity1 _ @entity2 ) for 7 days, and hoding back until 34 weeks. Cervical length at admission was determined with transvaginal ultrasonography. The duration of the latency period was studied in relation with cervical length, serum @entity3 (CRP) level and white blood cell (WBC) count at admission. RESULTS: The median latency period was longer in @entity0 with a cervical length > or = 25 mm (10 vs 5 days; p = 0.04), but this was not associated with a significant increase in birth weight. The median latency period was also longer in @entity0 with CRP < 20 mg/l (10 vs 3 days; p < 0.001) and this was associated with a significant increase in birth weight (1716 +/- 549 vs 1201 +/- 485 g; p < 0.01). Moreover, increased CRP levels were more frequent in @entity0 with a cervical length < 25 mm, and cervical length was no more predictive of the duration of the latency period in the subgroup of @entity0 with CRP < 20 mg/l and WBC < 20,000 cells/mm3. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity6 , the latency period from admission to delivery is shorter when cervical length is < 25 mm. However, the clinical value of transvaginal ultrasonography is limited in comparison with serum CRP.

title: [Prediction of the latency period by cervical ultrasonography in XXXX before term].

answer: @entity5


abstract: About 5 years ago it was widely thought that preterm @entity0 should be supplemented with extra @entity1 to avoid @entity2 . It has, however, to be pointed out that VLBW @entity0 during the first postnatal week run a risk of developing @entity3 which makes it difficult to give general recommendations for @entity1 supplementation. Since the serum @entity1 level depends not only upon the balance between @entity1 intake and @entity1 excretion but also upon the water balance which may vary depending on the clinical condition of the baby, it seems advisable to monitor the serum @entity1 level in all preterm @entity0 . Supplementation should be given in case of @entity2 . In instances of @entity2 it also has to be considered if the @entity0 due to positive fluid balance has retained fluid in excess of @entity1 . As a general conclusion the importance of monitoring @entity1 balance in every preterm @entity0 should be stressed. Disturbances are most likely to occur in VLBW @entity0 and in @entity0 with acute illnesses. The best way of assisting fluid balance is by repeated accurate measurements of the body weight. It should, however, be kept in ming that no reliable methods are available for the measurement of the body weight of a preterm @entity0 who is under intensive care and who cannot be taken out of the incubator. Serum @entity1 levels may give information of the @entity1 balance but it has to be stressed that fluid and @entity1 balances are always interrelated and that it is desirable to have simultaneous estimations of both balances. Excess retention of fluid may be caused primarily by excess retention of @entity1 or by fluid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Salt and fluid balance in newborn XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking is associated with increased plasma @entity3 concentrations, @entity1 and arterial stiffening. @entity3 per se induces @entity1 and arterial stiffening and might account, at least partly, for the vascular abnormalities observed in smokers. We sought to determine whether @entity4 supplementation, by reducing plasma @entity3 concentrations, enhanced endothelial function and reduced arterial stiffness in smokers. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized controlled, parallel-group, trial. SETTING: Academic medical centre. SUBJECTS: A consecutive sample of 24 healthy cigarette smokers (age 37.8 +/- 2.5 years, mean +/- SEM). INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomly assigned to 4-week @entity4 5 mg day-1 or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The following were measured before and after treatment: (i) peripheral vasoreactivity (forearm arterial blood flow, FABF) during intra-arterial administration of endothelium-dependent ( @entity2 1.5, 4.5 and 15 microg min-1) and endothelium-independent ( @entity5 1, 2 and 4 microg min-1) vasodilators; (ii) carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity ( @entity0 ); (iii) blood pressure (BP). RESULTS: @entity4 reduced @entity3 concentrations (10.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 8.2 +/- 0.5 micromol L-1, P < 0.001) and enhanced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation during each @entity2 infusion rate (ratio between the FABF in the infused and control arm during increasing infusion rates at baseline 1.09 +/- 0.03 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.09 after treatment, P < 0.01; 1.39 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.83 +/- 0.12, P < 0.01; 1.65 +/- 0.16 vs. 2.72 +/- 0.36, P < 0.05) whilst endothelium-independent vasodilatation was unaffected. A significant fall in BP was also observed (mean BP 88 +/- 2 vs. 83 +/- 1 mmHg, P < 0.01). By contrast, @entity0 did not significantly change (8.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 7.8 +/- 0.4 m s-1). No significant changes in plasma @entity3 concentrations, FABF, BP, and @entity0 were observed in the placebo group. A multiple regression analysis showed that changes in @entity4 plasma concentrations independently predicted both FABF changes during maximal @entity2 -mediated vasodilatation (P < 0.01) and BP changes (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term @entity4 supplementation significantly enhanced endothelial function and reduced BP in young chronic smokers. These effects were largely independent from the @entity3 lowering effects. Thus, a simple, nontoxic, and relatively inexpensive @entity6 intervention might be useful in primary cardiovascular prevention in this high-risk group.

title: XXXX enhances endothelial function and reduces blood pressure in smokers: a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We performed a prospective, observational, cohort study on 208 surgical neonates and @entity0 between 1992 and 1997. Surveillance cultures of the oropharynx and rectum were obtained at the start of parenteral nutrition and thereafter twice weekly. Blood cultures were taken on clinical indication only. Microbial translocation was diagnosed when the micro-organisms in the blood were not distinguishable from those carried in the oropharynx and/or rectum. Liver function was monitored weekly and when @entity1 was suspected. The incidence of @entity1 was 15%. The predominant micro-organisms (86%) were the low-level pathogens, coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci. Potential pathogens, including aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, were responsible for the remainder. Microbial translocation was responsible for 84% of septicaemic episodes in 76% of @entity0 . The potential pathogens caused @entity1 significantly later than coagulase-negative staphylococci, at a time when liver function was significantly more impaired. In neonates and @entity0 receiving parenteral nutrition, @entity1 is mainly a gut-derived phenomenon and requires novel strategies for prevention.

title: Infection rates in surgical neonates and XXXX receiving parenteral nutrition: a five-year prospective study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded in conscious, freely behaving @entity0 through a catheter in the tail artery during administration of @entity4 or @entity6 through a catheter in the jugular vein. The sympathetic and parasympathetic components were distinguished by treating the @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity10 . Reflex @entity3 induced by all doses of @entity6 was almost totally blocked blocked following @entity10 treatment. Reflex @entity2 induced by small to moderate doses of @entity4 was attenuated to an equal extent following @entity7 or @entity5 treatment. A similar experimental schedule was followed with a separate group of @entity0 to determine the effects of @entity8 and @entity9 anesthesia on the baroreceptor reflex. Both @entity8 and @entity9 equally attenuated the @entity2 response to a decrease in blood pressure. However, @entity8 anesthesia resulted in a greater attenuation of the @entity3 response to an increase in blood pressure than did @entity9 anesthesia. These data support the conclusion that the parasympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for baroreceptor reflex-induced @entity3 in conscious @entity0 . The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems contribute equally to control baroreceptor reflex-induced @entity2 except in extreme acute @entity1 when the @entity2 is predominantly due to the activation of sympathetic nerves. The findings of the second experiment indicate that @entity8 and @entity9 affect sympathetic systems differently.

title: Autonomic nervous system control of heart rate during baroreceptor activation in conscious and anesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Herpesvirus infection of the newborn is a rare though extremely grave disease that poses difficult problems for the obstetrician. It is nearly always due to @entity3 during pregnancy though in more half the cases this was unsuspected by the mother. Prophylactic measures exist--disinfection of the genital tract, elective cesarean section, administration of antivirals and @entity2 in particular. The main difficulty resides in making the correct decision and the excessive recourse to cesarean section should not be replaced by the unreasoned prescription of antivirals taking into account the current uncertainly about their real efficacy and their long-term effects after administration in early life. The risk of @entity4 should therefore be evaluated from the clinical findings and 4 categories of @entity0 may be defined: those with the clinical manifestations of primary @entity3 on delivery or during the month before; those with the clinical manifestations of recurrent @entity3 on delivery or during the week before; those with only a previous @entity3 and finally all other @entity0 with no clinical manifestations or @entity3 . Only first two categories benefit from cesarean section and @entity2 is only prescribed in exceptional cases as complementary therapy for the newborn @entity0 . In the third category, clinical and virological monitoring alone is required and is currently prescribed during the perinatal period as it is reasonable to stop the systematic weekly virological monitoring at the end of pregnancy when this has been shown to be inappropriate. However, it remains true that more than half the cases of @entity4 arise in @entity0 in the fourth category. The only means of prevention that can be proposed is that they refrain from @entity1 during the last two months of pregnancy. According to our current knowledge, @entity2 remains contraindicated during pregnancy except in exceptional cases when the mother's life is in danger.

title: [Herpes in the pregnant XXXX and the newborn @entity0 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Herpesvirus infection of the newborn is a rare though extremely grave disease that poses difficult problems for the obstetrician. It is nearly always due to @entity3 during pregnancy though in more half the cases this was unsuspected by the mother. Prophylactic measures exist--disinfection of the genital tract, elective cesarean section, administration of antivirals and @entity2 in particular. The main difficulty resides in making the correct decision and the excessive recourse to cesarean section should not be replaced by the unreasoned prescription of antivirals taking into account the current uncertainly about their real efficacy and their long-term effects after administration in early life. The risk of @entity4 should therefore be evaluated from the clinical findings and 4 categories of @entity0 may be defined: those with the clinical manifestations of primary @entity3 on delivery or during the month before; those with the clinical manifestations of recurrent @entity3 on delivery or during the week before; those with only a previous @entity3 and finally all other @entity0 with no clinical manifestations or @entity3 . Only first two categories benefit from cesarean section and @entity2 is only prescribed in exceptional cases as complementary therapy for the newborn @entity0 . In the third category, clinical and virological monitoring alone is required and is currently prescribed during the perinatal period as it is reasonable to stop the systematic weekly virological monitoring at the end of pregnancy when this has been shown to be inappropriate. However, it remains true that more than half the cases of @entity4 arise in @entity0 in the fourth category. The only means of prevention that can be proposed is that they refrain from @entity1 during the last two months of pregnancy. According to our current knowledge, @entity2 remains contraindicated during pregnancy except in exceptional cases when the mother's life is in danger.

title: [Herpes in the pregnant @entity0 and the newborn XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The source of @entity2 (NE) in CSF has been unclear. It has been suggested that CSF NE indicates central neural noradrenergic tone and is determined differently from plasma NE. If CSF NE depended specifically on NE release in the CNS, then interference with ganglionic neurotransmission would be expected to decrease plasma NE but not CSF NE. @entity1 caused by ganglionic blockade might be expected to increase CSF NE reflexively. We infused the ganglion blocker, @entity7 , intravenously into anesthetized @entity0 and measured the effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and on cisterna magna CSF levels of NE. The results were compared with those obtained on administration of saline, @entity3 (2 micrograms/kg), @entity6 (0.25 mg/kg), or @entity4 and with those obtained when @entity1 during ganglion blockade was prevented by concurrent treatment with @entity5 . @entity7 decreased MAP by 40%, arterial NE by 64%, and CSF NE by 61%. @entity4 administered intravenously to produce the same 40% depressor response increased arterial NE by 612% and CSF NE by 155%. Prevention of ganglion blockade-induced @entity1 using @entity5 did not prevent the decrease in CSF NE caused by @entity7 , and when @entity5 was discontinued, the resulting @entity1 was not associated with increases in CSF NE. The similar decreases in plasma NE and CSF NE during ganglionic blockade, and the abolition of reflexive increases in CSF NE during @entity1 in ganglion-blocked subjects, cast doubt on the hypothesis that CSF NE indicates central noradrenergic tone and are consistent instead with at least partial derivation of CSF NE from postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings.

title: Effect of ganglion blockade on cerebrospinal fluid XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The present studies have defined the developmental time course and distribution patterns of serotonergic fibers in the main olfactory bulb (MOB) using immunocytochemistry, anterograde tracing and image analysis. The results indicate that the deployment of serotonergic fibers to the main olfactory bulb is essentially a postnatal event in the @entity0 . During the first 4 d after birth, @entity1 fibers infiltrate and begin to arborize in the MOB. The density of fibers in each layer is sparse during this period, but increases rapidly. By postnatal day 8 all layers are much more heavily innervated by @entity1 fibers. The surge of fiber growth into all layers is rapid; the fibers arborize earlier at caudal than at rostral levels. This may be related to the increased metabolic activity that is reported to occur selectively in the caudal parts of the immature olfactory bulb. After the second postnatal week, @entity1 fiber density increases much more gradually in all layers except the glomerular layer; in the glomerular layer, @entity1 fiber density continues to increase rapidly. It is also during this time that the olfactory bulb begins to grow substantially in volume. Bulb volume increases from the second week into adulthood (greater than 60 d); during the same period, the density of @entity1 remains relatively constant in the infraglomerular layers. Thus, from the second week onward, the growth of @entity1 fibers appears to be closely linked to the increasing volumes of these layers. The density of @entity1 fibers in the glomerular layer, however, continues to increase from the second postnatal week. Thus, the density of fibers in the glomerular layer increases more than the increase in glomerular size, indicating that the glomerular @entity1 fibers are proliferating more than could be accounted for by simple glomerular expansion. In the adult, @entity1 fibers are 2-3 times denser in the glomerular than the infraglomerular layers (McLean and Shipley, 1987). This preferential innervation of glomeruli may be the result of a protracted period of arborization by glomerular versus infraglomerular fibers. This could be due to the prolonged focal release of a trophic factor by glomerular-associated neurons or to the earlier production of an inhibitory factor by infraglomerular neurons.

title: Serotonergic afferents to the XXXX olfactory bulb: II. Changes in fiber distribution during development.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 dehydrogenase complex (PDHC; EC 1.2.4.1, EC 2.3.1.12 and EC 1.6.4.3) includes 3 catalytically active mitochondrial enzymes involved in the formation of cellular energy through the @entity4 cycle and in the synthesis of @entity1 . We sought to determine whether immunocytochemically detected PDHC was enriched in neurons of the @entity0 CNS, and, if so, whether the perikarya containing higher levels of PDHC immunoreactivity were differentially distributed with respect to their size or location within nuclear groups containing @entity1 , @entity3 or other unidentified transmitters. Under the labeling conditions used in this study, the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunoreaction product for PDHC was detectable principally in neuronal perikarya. The intensity of immunoreactivity within perikarya was variable as judged visually and by cellular, computer-assisted densitometry. In the forebrain, the most intensely labeled perikarya were seen in the medial septal nuclei, the nuclei of the diagonal band, the nuclei basalis, the dorsal and ventral striatum, and the entorhinal cortex. More caudally, intense immunoreactivity was detected in perikarya in the supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei, reticular thalamic nuclei, lateral substantia nigra, most of the tegmental nuclei, lateral nuclei of the trapezoid body, raphe pontis and obscuris, and the caudal part of the lateral reticular nuclei. In addition, many of the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, including the dorsal motor nuclei of the vagus and the hypoglossal nuclei, and the nucleus ambiguus contained perikarya with intense PDHC labeling. Densitometry revealed no differences in intensity of immunoreactivity in soma of varying sizes. However, the intensity of neuronal labeling for PDHC was significantly greater in several nuclear groups that were shown in adjacent sections to contain cholinergic, but not catecholaminergic, enzymes. In contrast, the primary olfactory cortex, pyramidal cell layer of the regio inferior of hippocampus, and the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum were regions having perikarya with intense PDHC immunoreactivity but lacking both the synthetic and the degradative enzymes for @entity1 . These results provide the first morphological evidence that PDHC, a general metabolic enzyme complex, is enriched in selective perikarya that are heterogeneously distributed in brain and are especially abundant in many of the regions containing cholinergic neurons. The heterogeneity of PDHC immunoreactivity suggests that certain cholinergic as well as noncholinergic nuclei may be selectively vulnerable to mitochondrial diseases involving @entity2 utilization.

title: Light microscopic immunocytochemical localization of XXXX dehydrogenase complex in @entity0 brain: topographical distribution and relation to cholinergic and catecholaminergic nuclei.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 dehydrogenase complex (PDHC; EC 1.2.4.1, EC 2.3.1.12 and EC 1.6.4.3) includes 3 catalytically active mitochondrial enzymes involved in the formation of cellular energy through the @entity4 cycle and in the synthesis of @entity1 . We sought to determine whether immunocytochemically detected PDHC was enriched in neurons of the @entity0 CNS, and, if so, whether the perikarya containing higher levels of PDHC immunoreactivity were differentially distributed with respect to their size or location within nuclear groups containing @entity1 , @entity3 or other unidentified transmitters. Under the labeling conditions used in this study, the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunoreaction product for PDHC was detectable principally in neuronal perikarya. The intensity of immunoreactivity within perikarya was variable as judged visually and by cellular, computer-assisted densitometry. In the forebrain, the most intensely labeled perikarya were seen in the medial septal nuclei, the nuclei of the diagonal band, the nuclei basalis, the dorsal and ventral striatum, and the entorhinal cortex. More caudally, intense immunoreactivity was detected in perikarya in the supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei, reticular thalamic nuclei, lateral substantia nigra, most of the tegmental nuclei, lateral nuclei of the trapezoid body, raphe pontis and obscuris, and the caudal part of the lateral reticular nuclei. In addition, many of the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, including the dorsal motor nuclei of the vagus and the hypoglossal nuclei, and the nucleus ambiguus contained perikarya with intense PDHC labeling. Densitometry revealed no differences in intensity of immunoreactivity in soma of varying sizes. However, the intensity of neuronal labeling for PDHC was significantly greater in several nuclear groups that were shown in adjacent sections to contain cholinergic, but not catecholaminergic, enzymes. In contrast, the primary olfactory cortex, pyramidal cell layer of the regio inferior of hippocampus, and the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum were regions having perikarya with intense PDHC immunoreactivity but lacking both the synthetic and the degradative enzymes for @entity1 . These results provide the first morphological evidence that PDHC, a general metabolic enzyme complex, is enriched in selective perikarya that are heterogeneously distributed in brain and are especially abundant in many of the regions containing cholinergic neurons. The heterogeneity of PDHC immunoreactivity suggests that certain cholinergic as well as noncholinergic nuclei may be selectively vulnerable to mitochondrial diseases involving @entity2 utilization.

title: Light microscopic immunocytochemical localization of @entity2 dehydrogenase complex in XXXX brain: topographical distribution and relation to cholinergic and catecholaminergic nuclei.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Thirteen cases of @entity5 without evidence of @entity3 , @entity4 , or structural @entity1 were reviewed. Family history, consanguinity, pregnancy, delivery, number and severity of @entity2 , and outcome were evaluated. Laboratory investigations had been performed and a biopsy of muscle from an affected limb had been examined histochemically and by electron microscopy. Five biopsies showed fiber type 1 predominance and three had type 2 predominance. Patterns of fiber-type predominance may have resulted from altered neural influence leading to impaired maturation of type 1 or 2 motor units. Nine @entity0 had been followed up for 3-8 years. Two were still not walking at age 8 years. For the 6 who were walking, the mean age at ambulation was 4.7 years. There was no deterioration in power. Muscle biopsy is recommended in @entity5 . Identification of a probable @entity6 is important because the condition is not progressive and is apparently not transmitted genetically.

title: XXXX : clinical and muscle biopsy findings.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Body temperature is a regulatory function of the hypothalamus. Recently, DeMet et al. (Society for Neuroscience Abstracts Vol 12, 1986) reported that @entity6 stimulation of @entity2 autoreceptors caused a significant decrease in metabolic rate in the posterior heat-conserving area of the hypothalamus. The logical hypothesis to follow is that @entity6 administration should induce a decrement in body temperature; this in fact was demonstrated by Cutler et al. (Commun Psychopharmacol 3:375-382, 1979) in @entity0 . It is well known that neuroleptics also disrupt thermoregulation (Clark: Neurosci Biobehav @entity7 :179-231, 1979) and affect @entity2 autoreceptors. Therefore, eight chronic treatment-resistant schizophrenics underwent a 6-week single-blind trial of @entity4 and then a subsequent 6-week double-blind trial of @entity3 . Both @entity4 and @entity3 significantly lowered oral body temperatures relative to baseline washout temperatures. More interestingly, @entity3 relative to @entity4 was found to induce a greater decrement in body temperature and was associated with greater clinical improvement. Possible confounding variables are discussed, as is the possible neurochemical basis for the amelioration of @entity1 associated with @entity5 .

title: Neuroleptic-induced @entity5 associated with amelioration of XXXX in schizophrenia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Body temperature is a regulatory function of the hypothalamus. Recently, DeMet et al. (Society for Neuroscience Abstracts Vol 12, 1986) reported that @entity6 stimulation of @entity2 autoreceptors caused a significant decrease in metabolic rate in the posterior heat-conserving area of the hypothalamus. The logical hypothesis to follow is that @entity6 administration should induce a decrement in body temperature; this in fact was demonstrated by Cutler et al. (Commun Psychopharmacol 3:375-382, 1979) in @entity0 . It is well known that neuroleptics also disrupt thermoregulation (Clark: Neurosci Biobehav @entity7 :179-231, 1979) and affect @entity2 autoreceptors. Therefore, eight chronic treatment-resistant schizophrenics underwent a 6-week single-blind trial of @entity4 and then a subsequent 6-week double-blind trial of @entity3 . Both @entity4 and @entity3 significantly lowered oral body temperatures relative to baseline washout temperatures. More interestingly, @entity3 relative to @entity4 was found to induce a greater decrement in body temperature and was associated with greater clinical improvement. Possible confounding variables are discussed, as is the possible neurochemical basis for the amelioration of @entity1 associated with @entity5 .

title: Neuroleptic-induced XXXX associated with amelioration of @entity1 in schizophrenia.

answer: @entity5


abstract: From April 1981 to November 1987, 347 @entity0 with either @entity6 ( @entity6 ; 262 cases, 75.5%) or heavy @entity4 (85 cases, 24.5%) were studied to determine the clinicopathologic manifestation of these diseases among Taiwanese @entity0 . All of the @entity0 were less than 18 years of age and all had undergone renal biopsy. IgM mesangial @entity1 (IgMN; 93 cases, 26.9%) and minimal change @entity6 (MCNS; 62 cases, 17.8%) are the most frequently found pathologic lesions. The clinical course of MCNS is always responsive to @entity2 and less relapsive. However, IgMN is characterized by its good initial response to @entity2 and frequent relapses. As for secondary @entity3 , @entity7 has the first position and comprises 18.4% (64 cases) of all cases. @entity1 associated with @entity5 antigenemia (HBVMN; 34 cases, 9.8%) has the second position. Most cases of @entity1 in @entity0 in Taiwan are HBVMN. The age of peak incidence is around 2-7 years old. Most of them had frequent relapses of @entity6 or persistent heavy @entity4 . @entity3 ( @entity3 ) accounts for only 1.2% (4 cases) of all cases, relatively lower than reported elsewhere. The high incidence of IgMN, HBVMN and low incidence of @entity3 are probably due to geographic or racial differences in Taiwan with respect to those in other countries.

title: Childhood XXXX and heavy @entity4 in Taiwan. A retrospective clinicopathologic study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: From April 1981 to November 1987, 347 @entity0 with either @entity6 ( @entity6 ; 262 cases, 75.5%) or heavy @entity4 (85 cases, 24.5%) were studied to determine the clinicopathologic manifestation of these diseases among Taiwanese @entity0 . All of the @entity0 were less than 18 years of age and all had undergone renal biopsy. IgM mesangial @entity1 (IgMN; 93 cases, 26.9%) and minimal change @entity6 (MCNS; 62 cases, 17.8%) are the most frequently found pathologic lesions. The clinical course of MCNS is always responsive to @entity2 and less relapsive. However, IgMN is characterized by its good initial response to @entity2 and frequent relapses. As for secondary @entity3 , @entity7 has the first position and comprises 18.4% (64 cases) of all cases. @entity1 associated with @entity5 antigenemia (HBVMN; 34 cases, 9.8%) has the second position. Most cases of @entity1 in @entity0 in Taiwan are HBVMN. The age of peak incidence is around 2-7 years old. Most of them had frequent relapses of @entity6 or persistent heavy @entity4 . @entity3 ( @entity3 ) accounts for only 1.2% (4 cases) of all cases, relatively lower than reported elsewhere. The high incidence of IgMN, HBVMN and low incidence of @entity3 are probably due to geographic or racial differences in Taiwan with respect to those in other countries.

title: Childhood @entity6 and heavy XXXX in Taiwan. A retrospective clinicopathologic study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: During a 2-year period, 248 consecutive @entity0 were admitted with multiple @entity1 . Acute @entity7 was documented in 67 (27%) @entity0 by review of all admission roentgenograms. There were 51 (76%) males and 16 females. Ages ranged from 2 to 80 years (mean, 29.2 years). The incidence of acute @entity7 in @entity0 was 44% vs. 25% for adults (p less than 0.05). The mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accident in 45 (67%), agricultural accident in 8 (12%), fall in four (6%), bicycle accident in four (6%), and miscellaneous in six (9%). There were 38 orthopedic, 35 craniocerebral, 34 abdominal, 31 thoracic, 27 maxillofacial, and 14 @entity6 . Injury Severity Scores ranged from 4 to 66 (mean, 23.5). Thirteen (19%) @entity0 presented in shock and there were four (6%) hospital deaths. No @entity2 was attributable to @entity7 . Nasogastric tubes were placed in 41 (61%) @entity0 and 26 were managed without tube placement. Complications associated with acute @entity7 included @entity4 in three (4%) @entity0 , @entity5 in three (4%), @entity3 in one (1%), and prolonged ileus in 12 (18%). In addition, @entity7 rendered abdominal examination difficult and delayed peritoneal lavage. Acute @entity7 after @entity1 is frequent in our rural @entity1 center. Early placement of a nasogastric tube in the absence of a clear contraindication is strongly supported in the management of multiply injured @entity0 .

title: Acute XXXX after @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: During a 2-year period, 248 consecutive @entity0 were admitted with multiple @entity1 . Acute @entity7 was documented in 67 (27%) @entity0 by review of all admission roentgenograms. There were 51 (76%) males and 16 females. Ages ranged from 2 to 80 years (mean, 29.2 years). The incidence of acute @entity7 in @entity0 was 44% vs. 25% for adults (p less than 0.05). The mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accident in 45 (67%), agricultural accident in 8 (12%), fall in four (6%), bicycle accident in four (6%), and miscellaneous in six (9%). There were 38 orthopedic, 35 craniocerebral, 34 abdominal, 31 thoracic, 27 maxillofacial, and 14 @entity6 . Injury Severity Scores ranged from 4 to 66 (mean, 23.5). Thirteen (19%) @entity0 presented in shock and there were four (6%) hospital deaths. No @entity2 was attributable to @entity7 . Nasogastric tubes were placed in 41 (61%) @entity0 and 26 were managed without tube placement. Complications associated with acute @entity7 included @entity4 in three (4%) @entity0 , @entity5 in three (4%), @entity3 in one (1%), and prolonged ileus in 12 (18%). In addition, @entity7 rendered abdominal examination difficult and delayed peritoneal lavage. Acute @entity7 after @entity1 is frequent in our rural @entity1 center. Early placement of a nasogastric tube in the absence of a clear contraindication is strongly supported in the management of multiply injured @entity0 .

title: Acute @entity7 after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The outcome of long-term vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was evaluated in 13 Japanese @entity0 with @entity1 , all followed up for more than 4 years (48-91 months, median 56 months). VNS achieved a long-lasting and cumulative @entity2 -control effect in nine of 13 @entity0 . The mean reduction of @entity2 frequency in the 1st to 4th year was 28%, 47%, 54%, and 63%, respectively. The percentage of @entity0 with >60% @entity2 reduction in the 1st to 4th year was 15%, 46%, 54%, and 69%, respectively. One @entity0 did not respond to the treatment at all. No @entity0 became completely free from @entity2 or free from medication, but the number and/or dosage of antiepileptic drugs was reduced in five @entity0 . Ten @entity0 underwent exchange of the generator and continued treatment, and two @entity0 underwent removal of the generator because of the unsatisfactory result. VNS controlled more disabling @entity2 earlier and more efficiently than less disabling @entity2 in seven @entity0 . The cumulative reduction of @entity2 was partly associated with changes in the device setting toward increased stimulation. These effects were similar in @entity0 with or without previous resective surgery. Long-term VNS therapy achieved a favorable outcome in a significant proportion of @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Outcome of long-term vagus nerve stimulation for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to review the outcome of reoperation for severe @entity1 after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. METHODS: Between 1972 and 2000, 12 @entity0 underwent reoperation on the tricuspid valve after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot. The mean age at the time of reoperation was 17 years (range, 1 to 39 years). The mean interval between the initial correction and the reoperation was 7.8 years (range, 10 days to 19 years). The functional class was New York Heart Association class II in 2 @entity0 and class III or IV in 10. Six @entity0 underwent tricuspid valve repair, and the others underwent tricuspid valve replacement. RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 16.7% (2/12). Three @entity0 (30%, 3/10) required a second reoperation 1.6, 9.2, and 15.6 years after the most recent reoperation with no deaths. The reasons for second reoperation were failure of the tricuspid valve repair in two and a thrombosed valve in one. There were two late deaths. Mean overall event-free actuarial survival at 10 years was 46.3%. CONCLUSION: Reoperation for severe @entity1 after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot was associated with a high operative mortality and disappointing long-term results. @entity1 after corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot must be diagnosed promptly and cured, as tolerance is poor because of postoperative @entity2 .

title: Reoperation for XXXX after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report a case of acute type A dissection with @entity2 due to blood flow insufficiency in the superior mesenteric artery. A 67 year-old @entity0 , with medicated @entity8 and @entity3 , presented to another hospital with @entity6 radiating to the back and epigastrium. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a type A dissecting @entity4 , that extended from the ascending aorta to the left common iliac artery, with a 50-mm diameter in the ascending aorta. @entity1 arose from the false lumen, and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was compressed by the thrombosed false lumen. Symptoms of acute @entity9 clearly developed. Then, a large amount of tarry stool ( @entity5 ) was discharged. First, an emergency saphenous vein bypass was performed from the common iliac artery to the superior mesenteric artery at the orifice of the ileocolic artery where it was free from dissection. Then total arch replacement was performed using cardiopulmonary bypass. The @entity0 's postoperative course was uneventful, and the abdominal symptoms completely disappeared. This case demonstrates that prompt surgical relief of @entity2 in major organs is important to save lives in the cases of @entity7 with @entity2 complications.

title: Successful management in the case of XXXX complicated with acute type a dissection.

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity5 (AMK) was intravenously administered to pediatric surgical @entity0 , and its pharmacokinetics was studied. The results obtained are summarized as follow: 1. The serum levels following administration were similar to those which had been reported by others. Urinary excretion was excellent. 2. The concentration of AMK in @entity2 of a postoperative premature baby was an effective level higher than MIC's to target organisms. 3. Bile levels of AMK were the highest soon after surgery on @entity0 with @entity4 , these declined as time passed. The high levels obtained were in the effective range where the levels were higher than MIC's against organisms isolated from bile of @entity0 with biliary tract infections. @entity1 were good in cases with @entity3 . 4. Biliary and urinary excretion rates were well correlated.

title: [Pharmacokinetics of XXXX in the pediatric surgical field].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Forty four @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity3 complicated by @entity6 were examined. The examination was made before or in the first days after antituberculous chemotherapy. Along with routine methods used to examine @entity0 with @entity2 , a complex study of external respiration function involved spirometry, air flow/volume on forced expiration, body plethismography, esophageal probing of respiratory mechanics. Analysis indicated that RD was significantly more frequently observed in @entity5 concurrent with infiltrative @entity2 (81%) than in the former alone (50%). Restrictive disorders were diagnosed significantly more commonly in encysted @entity6 than in free one. Obstruction was significantly more frequently encountered in tuberculous changes in the lung (80%) than in @entity6 alone (46%). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant contingency of the incidence and severity of @entity1 and @entity4 , which is likely to suggest of the common tuberculous nature of these ventilatory disturbances. The dynamic and static compliance of the lung significantly decreased as the severity of restriction increased. The spirometric indices, such as total lung capacity (TLC) and forced expiratory volume (FEVI), and the indices of dynamic and static compliance of the lung (Cdyn, Cst) (the correlation coefficient (r) with the degree of @entity1 was -0.78, -0.76, -0.48, and -0.45, respectively; p < 0.05) are of the greatest informative value in evaluating @entity1 . At the same time, the severity of obstructing lesions correlated with the air flow indices IVS25, IVS50, IVS75, and the Tiffeneau index (r = -0.74, -0.82, -0.81, and -0.75, respectively; p < 0.05).

title: [Clinical and functional comparisons in @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Forty four @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity3 complicated by @entity6 were examined. The examination was made before or in the first days after antituberculous chemotherapy. Along with routine methods used to examine @entity0 with @entity2 , a complex study of external respiration function involved spirometry, air flow/volume on forced expiration, body plethismography, esophageal probing of respiratory mechanics. Analysis indicated that RD was significantly more frequently observed in @entity5 concurrent with infiltrative @entity2 (81%) than in the former alone (50%). Restrictive disorders were diagnosed significantly more commonly in encysted @entity6 than in free one. Obstruction was significantly more frequently encountered in tuberculous changes in the lung (80%) than in @entity6 alone (46%). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant contingency of the incidence and severity of @entity1 and @entity4 , which is likely to suggest of the common tuberculous nature of these ventilatory disturbances. The dynamic and static compliance of the lung significantly decreased as the severity of restriction increased. The spirometric indices, such as total lung capacity (TLC) and forced expiratory volume (FEVI), and the indices of dynamic and static compliance of the lung (Cdyn, Cst) (the correlation coefficient (r) with the degree of @entity1 was -0.78, -0.76, -0.48, and -0.45, respectively; p < 0.05) are of the greatest informative value in evaluating @entity1 . At the same time, the severity of obstructing lesions correlated with the air flow indices IVS25, IVS50, IVS75, and the Tiffeneau index (r = -0.74, -0.82, -0.81, and -0.75, respectively; p < 0.05).

title: [Clinical and functional comparisons in XXXX with @entity5 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have studied the efficacy of intrathecal ACNU against experimental @entity0 . In the present report, the effect of ACNU on the growth kinetics of the @entity0 was evaluated by the immunohistochemical technique using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody. The experimental @entity0 was developed by inoculation of Walker 256 @entity4 cells into the cisterna magna of @entity1 . Seven days after the inoculation of @entity0 cells, the animals were treated either by intravenous (15 mg/kg) or intrathecal (1.5 mg/kg) ACNU. Four, 12, 24, 48, 96 or 144 hours after treatment, the animals received intravenous @entity3 (200 mg/kg). Thirty minutes thereafter, they were sacrificed and the brain was removed. L. I. was calculated by counting the immunoreactive @entity0 cells. L. I. of the @entity0 without treatment on the seventh day after inoculation was over 40%. L. I. began to decrease 24 hours after intravenous ACNU, and remained 11% up to 96 hours. On the other hand, L. I. already decreased to 20% 4 hours after intrathecal ACNU and remained to be low (17%) up to 48 hours. However, L. I. increased to 38% at 96 hours. Thus, the effect on the growth kinetics of the @entity0 differs between intravenous and intrathecal ACNU. These results are considered to be useful informations for determining the optimal dosage of the antineoplastic agent against the @entity2 and developing the effective combination chemotherapy.

title: [Effect of ACNU against experimental XXXX --immunohistochemical study using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Seven @entity0 with @entity2 , remaining after conventional therapy with surgery and a @entity4 containing chemotherapy regimen, were treated with intraperitoneal monoclonal antibody guided radiotherapy. 100 mCi131I conjugated to 10 mg of monoclonal antibody were injected i.p. in 2,000 ml peritoneal dialysis fluid. @entity0 were evaluated 3 months later; 3 had clinical progressive disease while third look laparotomy demonstrated progressive disease in 3 of the remaining 4 @entity0 . The seventh @entity0 did not have a third look laparotomy and is currently inevaluable for response. Five @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 not controlled by diuretics or repeated paracentesis were similarly treated with 75-170 mCi131I conjugated to 10 mg monoclonal antibody. In three @entity0 the @entity3 was controlled for a mean of 4 months. One @entity0 died too early to assess the control of his @entity3 but @entity1 cells disappeared from the ascitic fluid after therapy. In the @entity0 whose @entity3 were not controlled, a subpopulation of antigen-negative @entity1 cells was demonstrated. This study was unable to demonstrate a therapeutic benefit for i.p. injected monoclonal antibody guided radiotherapy for solid intraperitoneal @entity1 but suggests that it may be capable of controlling the accumulation of antigen positive @entity1 .

title: The treatment of intraperitoneal XXXX with monoclonal antibody guided 131I radiotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: An analysis of the occurrence of @entity0 in this long-term prospective cohort study shows a significant relative risk (RR) in @entity1 who have ever used oral contraceptives (OC) of 3.33 in @entity1 age 30 to 34 years at diagnosis and an RR of 5.88 (P = 0.0011) in @entity1 who were parity 1 at the time of diagnosis. In @entity1 below the age of 35 years the RR of 2.38 was not significant. There was no increased risk in @entity1 over the age of 35 years. A significant trend relating to duration of use was demonstrable in @entity1 who were parity 1 in the analysis of both current and ever-users. An analysis by time since stopping OC use revealed a significant trend in all ever-users, but the trends were much steeper in @entity1 of parity 1 or aged 30 to 34 years at diagnosis. There was no evidence that the increased rates in OC users were related to the @entity2 or @entity3 dose. The 5 year survival rate in users diagnosed under the age of 35 years was significantly poorer than in comparable non-users. It is possible that the increased rates in younger OC users might be due to an accelerated presentation of @entity0 in those @entity1 who would otherwise have been diagnosed at a later time. The non-significant excess risk in users under 35 years of age was approximately 1 in 7,000 users per year. The unresolved discrepancies between the results of the published studies make it impossible at the present time to decide whether or not OC use is associated with an increased risk of @entity0 .

title: XXXX and the pill--a further report from the Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study.

answer: @entity0