abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between serum concentrations of total @entity4 , high density lipoprotein @entity4 (HDL), low density lipoprotein @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity9 (apoA), @entity7 and the incidence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). DESIGN: Nested case-control study. SETTING: The study was conducted within the European Prospective Investigation into @entity1 and Nutrition (EPIC), a cohort of more than 520,000 @entity0 from 10 western European countries. @entity0 : 1238 cases of incident @entity2 , which developed after enrolment into the cohort, were matched with 1238 controls for age, sex, centre, follow-up time, time of blood collection and fasting status. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum concentrations were quantitatively determined by colorimetric and turbidimetric methods. Dietary and lifestyle data were obtained from questionnaires. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs which were adjusted for height, weight, smoking habits, physical activity, education, consumption of fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, @entity5 , fibre and energy. RESULTS: After adjustments, the concentrations of HDL and apoA were inversely associated with the risk of @entity6 (RR for 1 SD increase of 16.6 mg/dl in HDL and 32.0 mg/dl in apoA of 0.78 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.89) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.94), respectively). No association was observed with the risk of @entity1 . Additional adjustment for biomarkers of systemic @entity3 , insulin resistance and oxidative stress or exclusion of the first 2 years of follow-up did not influence the association between HDL and risk of @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that high concentrations of serum HDL are associated with a decreased risk of @entity6 . The mechanism behind this association needs further elucidation.

title: Blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and XXXX risk in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity1 and Nutrition.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between serum concentrations of total @entity4 , high density lipoprotein @entity4 (HDL), low density lipoprotein @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity9 (apoA), @entity7 and the incidence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). DESIGN: Nested case-control study. SETTING: The study was conducted within the European Prospective Investigation into @entity1 and Nutrition (EPIC), a cohort of more than 520,000 @entity0 from 10 western European countries. @entity0 : 1238 cases of incident @entity2 , which developed after enrolment into the cohort, were matched with 1238 controls for age, sex, centre, follow-up time, time of blood collection and fasting status. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum concentrations were quantitatively determined by colorimetric and turbidimetric methods. Dietary and lifestyle data were obtained from questionnaires. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs which were adjusted for height, weight, smoking habits, physical activity, education, consumption of fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, @entity5 , fibre and energy. RESULTS: After adjustments, the concentrations of HDL and apoA were inversely associated with the risk of @entity6 (RR for 1 SD increase of 16.6 mg/dl in HDL and 32.0 mg/dl in apoA of 0.78 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.89) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.94), respectively). No association was observed with the risk of @entity1 . Additional adjustment for biomarkers of systemic @entity3 , insulin resistance and oxidative stress or exclusion of the first 2 years of follow-up did not influence the association between HDL and risk of @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that high concentrations of serum HDL are associated with a decreased risk of @entity6 . The mechanism behind this association needs further elucidation.

title: Blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and @entity2 risk in the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To assess the efficacy and @entity2 of conformal radiotherapy (CRT) and compare with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the treatment of @entity6 . METHODS: Between November 2003 and January 2010, 20 @entity0 with @entity6 were treated with CRT with or without chemotherapy after surgical resection. Preliminary survival data were collected and examined using both Kaplan-Meier and actuarial analysis. Demographic and treatment parameters were collected. All @entity0 were planned to receive 46-56 Gy in 1.8 or 2.0 Gy per fraction. CRT planning was compared with IMRT. RESULTS: The most common reported acute @entity2 requiring medication (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Grade 2) were @entity5 (10/20 @entity0 ) and @entity4 (3/20). There were no treatment-related @entity3 . Compared with CRT planning, IMRT significantly reduced the volume of right kidney receiving > 20 Gy and the volume of liver receiving > 30 Gy. IMRT has a negligible impact on the volume of left kidney receiving > 20 Gy. The 95% of prescribed dose for a @entity1 volume using either 3D CRT or IMRT planning were 84.0%    6.7%, 82.9%    6.1%, respectively (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: IMRT achieves similar excellent target coverage as compared with CRT planning, while reducing the mean liver dose and volume above threshold dose. IMRT offers better sparing of the right kidney compared with CRT planning, with a significantly lower mean dose and volume above threshold dose.

title: Adjuvant radiotherapy for XXXX : a dosimetric comparison of conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is well known disease as a result of frequent complication of the group A b-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) tonsillopharyngitis, have noticeably grown for the last 15 years among young generation in the Kyrgyz Republic. It is important to hold a study about the prevalence of @entity7 and GABHS and their susceptibility to antibiotics in the Kyrgyz Republic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have studied 200 @entity0 with @entity1 at the National Center of Pediatrics and @entity0 Surgery in Bishkek (the Kyrgyz Republic) from August till September 2008. 188 (48 out of them are with @entity7 ) out of total 200 @entity0 are Kyrgyz and 12 are Russian (2 out of them are with @entity7 ). 111 out of total are female (34 out of them are with @entity7 ) and 89 are male (17 out of them are with @entity7 ). The average age of the subjects is 10.9  6.0 (from 3 to 17 years old). The presence of GABHS was assessed using two ways: by the rapid antigen detection test (RADT) for outcrop of streptococcus antigen in smear from mucosal surface of tonsils, and by bacterial culture analysis (BA). RADT was used to determine its specificity and sensitivity in order to recommend practitioners its further wide use. Furthermore, the discovered culture of GABHS have been investigated on susceptibility to antibiotics by disc-diffusion method. RESEARCH RESULTS: GABHS antigen was positive in 72 (36.0 %) subjects from RADT and in 80 (40.0%) subjects from BA out of 200 total subjects. In the @entity0 with @entity7 (n=51), GABHS was positive in 18 (35.2%) subjects by RADT and in 24 (47.0%) subjects by BA. In the subjects without @entity7 (n=149), GABHS was positive in 54 (36.2%) subjects by RADT and in 56 (37.5%) by BA. Among 80 GABHS positive results sensitive to antibiotics were: to @entity2 only 10 (12.5%), to @entity4 -29 (36.2%), to @entity3 -36 (45.0%), to @entity5 - 31 (38.7%), to @entity9 - 21 (26.2%), to @entity6 - 19 (23.7%). It is noted that 21 (26.2%) GABHS positive results were absolutely resistant for all these tested antibiotics. RADT showed that its specificity is 85% as well as its sensitivity is equal to 67.5%. CONCLUSION: In this study the sensitivity of RADT was low; therefore, the negative results of RADT don't exclude presence of GABHS. High prevalence of GABHS antigen demonstrates not only in @entity0 with @entity7 , but also among healthy @entity0 (without @entity7 ) of the Kyrgyz Republic. The high prevalence of GABHS at @entity0 with @entity7 (47.0%), probably, presents a low sensitivity to antibiotics and irregular secondary prophylaxis. Significant presence of GABHS among healthy @entity0 (37.5%) requires improvement of primary prevention to prevent further spread of @entity7 and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in the country.

title: Prevalence of Group A b-Hemolytic Streptococcus Among XXXX with Tonsillopharyngitis in Kyrgyzstan: The Difficulty of Diagnostics and Therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The present techniques for breath @entity1 determination have usability limitations concerning practical use and the time and effort required for the test @entity0 . The rationale of the physiological assumptions in a recently demonstrated technique for breath analysis without a mouthpiece is investigated in this paper. Expirograms quantifying @entity5 , @entity4 ( @entity3 ) and water ( @entity6 ) from 30 test subjects were analysed, with respect to the influence of individual variations in end-expiratory @entity3 and @entity6 concentrations, and possible benefits from simultaneous measurement of @entity3 or @entity6 . Both healthy subjects and @entity0 suffering from @entity2 performed breath tests with small and maximum volume expiration. The breath tests were recorded basically with a standard evidential instrument using infrared absorption spectroscopy, and equipped with a mouthpiece. Average concentrations were significantly higher for the maximum than for the small expirations. For the maximum expirations, the healthy subjects had a significantly higher end-expired PCO(2) of 4.4    0.5 kPa (mean    standard deviation) than the @entity0 (3.9    0.7 kPa). The corresponding values for @entity6 were 39    1 and 38    1 mg l(-1). The results indicate that the @entity3 variability is consistent with the requirements of accuracy for @entity1 ignition interlocks. In addition, @entity3 as tracer gas is preferable to @entity6 due to its low concentration in ambient air. In instruments for evidential purposes @entity6 may be required as tracer gas for increased accuracy. Furthermore, the study provides support for early determination of breath @entity1 concentration, indicating that determination after 2 s will introduce an additional random error of 0.02 mg l(-1) or less.

title: Methodology investigation of expirograms for enabling contact free breath XXXX analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 associated to @entity2 smoking might pave the way for the subsequent development of @entity1 . Its prognosis is dreadful and its underlying mechanisms are so far largely unknown in @entity0 . To assess the potential role of endothelin-1 and its receptors in smokers' pulmonary artery vasoactive properties. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation to @entity6 was assessed in @entity3 from 34 smokers and compared with that of 10 nonsmokers. The effects of ET-A ( @entity8 ) or ET-B ( @entity9 ) blockers and that of an ET-B activator (sarafotoxin) were evaluated. Endothelin-1 was quantitated by ELISA. Expression of its receptors was quantitated by Western blotting. Smokers exhibited an impaired pulmonary endothelium-dependent vasodilation compared with nonsmokers (P < 0.01). In the former group, 8 of 34 subjects exhibited a marked @entity4 ( @entity7 (+)) whereas 26 ( @entity7 (-)) (P < 10(-4)) displayed a vasorelaxation to @entity6 that was comparable to that of nonsmokers. In @entity7 (+) subjects, ET-A was overexpressed (P < 0.05) and inversely correlated (P < 10(-2)) with the response to @entity6 . Sarafotoxin significantly improved vasodilation in all subjects (P < 10(-2)). In conclusion, @entity2 smoking is associated to an @entity3 at least partly mediated by an ET-1/ET-A-dependent dysfunction.

title: @entity2 -associated XXXX in smokers: role of the ET-1 pathway.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 associated to @entity2 smoking might pave the way for the subsequent development of @entity1 . Its prognosis is dreadful and its underlying mechanisms are so far largely unknown in @entity0 . To assess the potential role of endothelin-1 and its receptors in smokers' pulmonary artery vasoactive properties. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation to @entity6 was assessed in @entity3 from 34 smokers and compared with that of 10 nonsmokers. The effects of ET-A ( @entity8 ) or ET-B ( @entity9 ) blockers and that of an ET-B activator (sarafotoxin) were evaluated. Endothelin-1 was quantitated by ELISA. Expression of its receptors was quantitated by Western blotting. Smokers exhibited an impaired pulmonary endothelium-dependent vasodilation compared with nonsmokers (P < 0.01). In the former group, 8 of 34 subjects exhibited a marked @entity4 ( @entity7 (+)) whereas 26 ( @entity7 (-)) (P < 10(-4)) displayed a vasorelaxation to @entity6 that was comparable to that of nonsmokers. In @entity7 (+) subjects, ET-A was overexpressed (P < 0.05) and inversely correlated (P < 10(-2)) with the response to @entity6 . Sarafotoxin significantly improved vasodilation in all subjects (P < 10(-2)). In conclusion, @entity2 smoking is associated to an @entity3 at least partly mediated by an ET-1/ET-A-dependent dysfunction.

title: XXXX -associated @entity5 in smokers: role of the ET-1 pathway.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Ragaglitazar [(-) @entity14 ; NNC 61-0029] is a coligand of @entity8 and @entity11 . In ob/ob @entity0 , ragaglitazar showed significant reduction in plasma @entity5 , @entity4 and insulin (ED50 values <0.03, 6.1 and <0.1 mg kg-1). These effects are three-fold better than @entity9 and @entity15 . In Zucker fa/fa @entity1 , ragaglitazar showed dose-dependent reduction in @entity4 and insulin, hepatic @entity4 secretion and @entity4 clearance kinetics (maximum of 74, 53, 32 and 50% at 3 mg kg-1), which are better than @entity9 and @entity15 . In a high-fat-fed hyperlipidaemic @entity1 model, the compound showed an ED50 of 3.95, 3.78 mg kg-1 for @entity4 and @entity2 lowering, and 0.29 mg kg-1 for HDL-C increase. It also showed improvement in clearance of plasma @entity4 and hepatic @entity4 secretion rate. All these effects are 3-10-fold better than @entity7 and @entity15 . Ragaglitazar treatment showed significant reduction in plasma @entity10 and @entity13 levels, and increase in liver CPT1 and CAT activity and ACO mRNA. Significant @entity3 and fat LPL activity and fat @entity12 mRNA was also observed. In a high-fat-fed hamster model, ragaglitazar at 1 mg kg-1 showed 83 and 61% reduction in @entity4 and total @entity2 , and also 17% reduction in fat feed-induced body weight increase. In these hyperlipidaemic animal models, @entity11 ligands failed to show any significant efficacy. Taken together, ragaglitazar shows @entity6 and lipid-lowering potential, as compared to the standard compounds.

title: Ragaglitazar: a novel @entity8 XXXX agonist with potent lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing efficacy in animal models.

answer: @entity11


abstract: Ragaglitazar [(-) @entity14 ; NNC 61-0029] is a coligand of @entity8 and @entity11 . In ob/ob @entity0 , ragaglitazar showed significant reduction in plasma @entity5 , @entity4 and insulin (ED50 values <0.03, 6.1 and <0.1 mg kg-1). These effects are three-fold better than @entity9 and @entity15 . In Zucker fa/fa @entity1 , ragaglitazar showed dose-dependent reduction in @entity4 and insulin, hepatic @entity4 secretion and @entity4 clearance kinetics (maximum of 74, 53, 32 and 50% at 3 mg kg-1), which are better than @entity9 and @entity15 . In a high-fat-fed hyperlipidaemic @entity1 model, the compound showed an ED50 of 3.95, 3.78 mg kg-1 for @entity4 and @entity2 lowering, and 0.29 mg kg-1 for HDL-C increase. It also showed improvement in clearance of plasma @entity4 and hepatic @entity4 secretion rate. All these effects are 3-10-fold better than @entity7 and @entity15 . Ragaglitazar treatment showed significant reduction in plasma @entity10 and @entity13 levels, and increase in liver CPT1 and CAT activity and ACO mRNA. Significant @entity3 and fat LPL activity and fat @entity12 mRNA was also observed. In a high-fat-fed hamster model, ragaglitazar at 1 mg kg-1 showed 83 and 61% reduction in @entity4 and total @entity2 , and also 17% reduction in fat feed-induced body weight increase. In these hyperlipidaemic animal models, @entity11 ligands failed to show any significant efficacy. Taken together, ragaglitazar shows @entity6 and lipid-lowering potential, as compared to the standard compounds.

title: Ragaglitazar: a novel XXXX @entity11 agonist with potent lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing efficacy in animal models.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity7 / @entity8 system, a key regulator and amplifier of immune reactivity, is activated in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) mucosa. AIMS: To determine whether plasma levels of sCD40L are elevated in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 compared with normal controls, to investigate the cellular source of sCD40L, and to explore @entity8 induction mechanisms. @entity0 : @entity2 , @entity3 , and normal control subjects were studied. METHODS: The concentration of sCD40L in plasma and supernatants of freshly isolated platelets and autologous peripheral blood T cells (PBT) was measured by ELISA. Surface @entity8 expression level was measured by flow cytometry in resting and thrombin activated platelets, and unstimulated and CD3/ @entity6 stimulated PBT before and after coculture with @entity0 intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMEC). RESULTS: Compared with normal controls, plasma sCD40L levels were significantly higher in both @entity2 and @entity3 @entity0 and proportional to the extent of @entity4 . Platelets from @entity1 @entity0 displayed a significantly higher surface @entity8 expression than those from control subjects, and released greater amounts of sCD40L than autologous @entity9 . Contact with @entity5 activated HIMEC induced significant upregulation of @entity8 surface expression and release by platelets. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of sCD40L in the circulation of @entity1 @entity0 reflect enhanced surface expression and release of @entity8 by platelets. This phenomenon translates to an increased platelet activation state apparently induced by passage through an inflamed mucosal microvascular bed, a conclusion supported by the positive correlation of plasma sCD40L levels with the extent of anatomical involvement by @entity1 . These results suggest that platelet-endothelial interactions critically contribute to activation of the @entity7 pathway in @entity1 .

title: Activated platelets are the source of elevated levels of soluble XXXX ligand in the circulation of @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity7 / @entity8 system, a key regulator and amplifier of immune reactivity, is activated in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) mucosa. AIMS: To determine whether plasma levels of sCD40L are elevated in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 compared with normal controls, to investigate the cellular source of sCD40L, and to explore @entity8 induction mechanisms. @entity0 : @entity2 , @entity3 , and normal control subjects were studied. METHODS: The concentration of sCD40L in plasma and supernatants of freshly isolated platelets and autologous peripheral blood T cells (PBT) was measured by ELISA. Surface @entity8 expression level was measured by flow cytometry in resting and thrombin activated platelets, and unstimulated and CD3/ @entity6 stimulated PBT before and after coculture with @entity0 intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMEC). RESULTS: Compared with normal controls, plasma sCD40L levels were significantly higher in both @entity2 and @entity3 @entity0 and proportional to the extent of @entity4 . Platelets from @entity1 @entity0 displayed a significantly higher surface @entity8 expression than those from control subjects, and released greater amounts of sCD40L than autologous @entity9 . Contact with @entity5 activated HIMEC induced significant upregulation of @entity8 surface expression and release by platelets. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of sCD40L in the circulation of @entity1 @entity0 reflect enhanced surface expression and release of @entity8 by platelets. This phenomenon translates to an increased platelet activation state apparently induced by passage through an inflamed mucosal microvascular bed, a conclusion supported by the positive correlation of plasma sCD40L levels with the extent of anatomical involvement by @entity1 . These results suggest that platelet-endothelial interactions critically contribute to activation of the @entity7 pathway in @entity1 .

title: Activated platelets are the source of elevated levels of soluble @entity7 ligand in the circulation of XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity7 / @entity8 system, a key regulator and amplifier of immune reactivity, is activated in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) mucosa. AIMS: To determine whether plasma levels of sCD40L are elevated in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 compared with normal controls, to investigate the cellular source of sCD40L, and to explore @entity8 induction mechanisms. @entity0 : @entity2 , @entity3 , and normal control subjects were studied. METHODS: The concentration of sCD40L in plasma and supernatants of freshly isolated platelets and autologous peripheral blood T cells (PBT) was measured by ELISA. Surface @entity8 expression level was measured by flow cytometry in resting and thrombin activated platelets, and unstimulated and CD3/ @entity6 stimulated PBT before and after coculture with @entity0 intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMEC). RESULTS: Compared with normal controls, plasma sCD40L levels were significantly higher in both @entity2 and @entity3 @entity0 and proportional to the extent of @entity4 . Platelets from @entity1 @entity0 displayed a significantly higher surface @entity8 expression than those from control subjects, and released greater amounts of sCD40L than autologous @entity9 . Contact with @entity5 activated HIMEC induced significant upregulation of @entity8 surface expression and release by platelets. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of sCD40L in the circulation of @entity1 @entity0 reflect enhanced surface expression and release of @entity8 by platelets. This phenomenon translates to an increased platelet activation state apparently induced by passage through an inflamed mucosal microvascular bed, a conclusion supported by the positive correlation of plasma sCD40L levels with the extent of anatomical involvement by @entity1 . These results suggest that platelet-endothelial interactions critically contribute to activation of the @entity7 pathway in @entity1 .

title: Activated platelets are the source of elevated levels of soluble @entity7 ligand in the circulation of @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early enteral nutrition (EN) is the preferred strategy for feeding the @entity1 ; however, it is not always possible to initiate EN within the recommended 24 to 48 hours. When these situations arise, controversy exists whether to start feeding early via the parenteral route or to delay feeding until EN can be provided. METHODS: A multicenter, international, observational study examined nutrition practices in intensive care units (ICUs). Eligible @entity0 were @entity1 @entity0 with a medical diagnosis who remained in the ICU for >72 hours and received EN >48 hours after admission. Data were collected on site, including @entity0 characteristics, daily nutrition practices, and outcomes at 60 days. Nutrition and clinical outcomes were compared between 3 groups of @entity0 : (1) early @entity2 ( @entity2 ) (<48 hours after admission) and late EN (>48 hours after admission), (2) late @entity2 and late EN, and (3) late EN and no @entity2 . RESULTS: Of the 703 @entity0 who met our inclusion criteria, 541 (77.0%) medical @entity0 received late EN and no @entity2 . In @entity0 receiving late EN and @entity2 , 83 (11.8%) received early @entity2 and 79 (11.2%) received late @entity2 . Adequacy of calories and protein from total nutrition was highest in the early @entity2 group (74.1%    21.2% and 71.5%    24.9%, respectively) and lowest in the late EN group (42.9%    21.2% and 38.7%    21.6%) (P < .001). The proportion of @entity0 dead or remaining in hospital was significantly higher for early @entity2 compared with late EN and @entity2 (unadjusted hazard ratio for early @entity2 = 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.37-0.83, P = .015). However, this difference did not remain significant (P = .65) after adjustment for baseline characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that initiating @entity2 early, when it is not possible to feed enterally early, may improve provision of calories and protein but is not associated with better clinical outcomes compared with late EN or @entity2 .

title: When early enteral feeding is not possible in XXXX @entity0 : results of a multicenter observational study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early enteral nutrition (EN) is the preferred strategy for feeding the @entity1 ; however, it is not always possible to initiate EN within the recommended 24 to 48 hours. When these situations arise, controversy exists whether to start feeding early via the parenteral route or to delay feeding until EN can be provided. METHODS: A multicenter, international, observational study examined nutrition practices in intensive care units (ICUs). Eligible @entity0 were @entity1 @entity0 with a medical diagnosis who remained in the ICU for >72 hours and received EN >48 hours after admission. Data were collected on site, including @entity0 characteristics, daily nutrition practices, and outcomes at 60 days. Nutrition and clinical outcomes were compared between 3 groups of @entity0 : (1) early @entity2 ( @entity2 ) (<48 hours after admission) and late EN (>48 hours after admission), (2) late @entity2 and late EN, and (3) late EN and no @entity2 . RESULTS: Of the 703 @entity0 who met our inclusion criteria, 541 (77.0%) medical @entity0 received late EN and no @entity2 . In @entity0 receiving late EN and @entity2 , 83 (11.8%) received early @entity2 and 79 (11.2%) received late @entity2 . Adequacy of calories and protein from total nutrition was highest in the early @entity2 group (74.1%    21.2% and 71.5%    24.9%, respectively) and lowest in the late EN group (42.9%    21.2% and 38.7%    21.6%) (P < .001). The proportion of @entity0 dead or remaining in hospital was significantly higher for early @entity2 compared with late EN and @entity2 (unadjusted hazard ratio for early @entity2 = 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.37-0.83, P = .015). However, this difference did not remain significant (P = .65) after adjustment for baseline characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that initiating @entity2 early, when it is not possible to feed enterally early, may improve provision of calories and protein but is not associated with better clinical outcomes compared with late EN or @entity2 .

title: When early enteral feeding is not possible in @entity1 XXXX : results of a multicenter observational study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with @entity1 may increase production of the predominant endothelium-derived vasodilator @entity2 (NO) and consequently improve vascular reactivity. In contrast, concurrent progestin therapy may oppose this beneficial effect. We studied the effect of long-term @entity1 HRT and combined HRT on vasomotor function and on plasma @entity3 , which reflects the amount of NO in the circulation. As lipid peroxidation affects NO production and impairs endothelial function, we also measured the amount of the in vivo lipid peroxidation marker urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2 alpha). The study group comprised 15 @entity0 receiving @entity4 HRT (mean age, 56 yr; treatment duration, 10.5 yr) and 15 @entity0 receiving combined HRT with @entity4 and @entity5 (mean age, 58 yr; treatment duration, 11.3 yr). The peak flow velocity (PFV) and pulsatility index of the common carotid and internal carotid artery and the abdominal aorta were measured by ultrasonography after long-term HRT (baseline), after a 4-wk pause and again 3 wk after reintroducing HRT. A statistically significant interaction between the groups and time points was observed in the PFV of the internal carotid artery (P = 0.011). In @entity0 taking @entity4 , the PFV values decreased significantly after withdrawal of HRT (P = 0.007) and increased again to the baseline level after reintroduction of therapy (P < 0.001). In @entity0 receiving combined HRT, the PFV remained stable over all study periods. At baseline, the PFV of @entity0 taking @entity4 correlated with the plasma @entity3 concentration in the common carotid artery (r = 0.646; P = 0.009) and in the abdominal aorta (r = 0.579; P = 0.024). For pulsatility index and urinary @entity6 excretion, there were no significant differences between the groups. Our results suggest that the favorable effects of long-term @entity1 treatment on blood flow are at least partly mediated through NO. The addition of levonorgestrel to the treatment regimen appears to abolish this effect.

title: Effects of long-term XXXX replacement therapy versus combined hormone replacement therapy on @entity2 -dependent vasomotor function.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with @entity1 may increase production of the predominant endothelium-derived vasodilator @entity2 (NO) and consequently improve vascular reactivity. In contrast, concurrent progestin therapy may oppose this beneficial effect. We studied the effect of long-term @entity1 HRT and combined HRT on vasomotor function and on plasma @entity3 , which reflects the amount of NO in the circulation. As lipid peroxidation affects NO production and impairs endothelial function, we also measured the amount of the in vivo lipid peroxidation marker urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2 alpha). The study group comprised 15 @entity0 receiving @entity4 HRT (mean age, 56 yr; treatment duration, 10.5 yr) and 15 @entity0 receiving combined HRT with @entity4 and @entity5 (mean age, 58 yr; treatment duration, 11.3 yr). The peak flow velocity (PFV) and pulsatility index of the common carotid and internal carotid artery and the abdominal aorta were measured by ultrasonography after long-term HRT (baseline), after a 4-wk pause and again 3 wk after reintroducing HRT. A statistically significant interaction between the groups and time points was observed in the PFV of the internal carotid artery (P = 0.011). In @entity0 taking @entity4 , the PFV values decreased significantly after withdrawal of HRT (P = 0.007) and increased again to the baseline level after reintroduction of therapy (P < 0.001). In @entity0 receiving combined HRT, the PFV remained stable over all study periods. At baseline, the PFV of @entity0 taking @entity4 correlated with the plasma @entity3 concentration in the common carotid artery (r = 0.646; P = 0.009) and in the abdominal aorta (r = 0.579; P = 0.024). For pulsatility index and urinary @entity6 excretion, there were no significant differences between the groups. Our results suggest that the favorable effects of long-term @entity1 treatment on blood flow are at least partly mediated through NO. The addition of levonorgestrel to the treatment regimen appears to abolish this effect.

title: Effects of long-term @entity1 replacement therapy versus combined hormone replacement therapy on XXXX -dependent vasomotor function.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Practice guidelines for childhood @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were proposed in 1998 and 2004 in Japan. It is important to evaluate the feasibility and validity of the guidelines because the guidelines are based not on evidence but on opinion. METHODS: Records of 30 consecutive hospitalized @entity0 aged 0-15 years (median, 3 years; 17 @entity0 , 13 @entity0 ) were retrospectively reviewed. The feasibility and validity of the 2004 guidelines were evaluated by calculating an implementation rate, a response rate to first treatments, and a final clinical outcome. RESULTS: Deviation from the guidelines was found in two @entity0 . Management of the other 28 @entity0 followed the guidelines. The implementation rate was 93.3%. Twenty-one of the 28 eligible @entity0 (75%) responded to the first treatment, whereas seven @entity0 (25%) required additional treatment. In 23 @entity0 (76.7%) platelet counts returned to normal within 6 months. Seven @entity0 (23.3%) developed chronic conditions. All @entity0 had no complications and achieved a platelet count >150 000/  L within 6 years. CONCLUSION: The 2004 Japanese guidelines are feasible and valid for the management of newly diagnosed childhood @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Evaluation of Japanese practice guidelines for newly diagnosed childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Despite advances in preoperative radiologic imaging, a significant fraction of potentially resectable @entity4 are found to be unresectable at laparotomy. We tested the hypothesis that preoperative serum levels of CA19-9 ( @entity2 antigen) and carcinoembryonic antigen will identify @entity0 with unresectable @entity4 despite radiologic staging demonstrating resectable disease. DESIGN AND SETTING: Academic tertiary care referral center. @entity0 : From March 1, 1996, to July 31, 2002, 125 @entity0 were identified who underwent surgical exploration for potentially resectable @entity4 based on a preoperative computed tomographic scan; in 89 of them a preoperative @entity2 marker had been measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative @entity2 markers (CA19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen) were correlated with extent of disease at exploration. As CA19-9 is excreted in the biliary system, CA19-9 adjusted for the degree of @entity5 was determined and analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 89 @entity0 , 40 (45%) had @entity3 and underwent resection, 25 (28%) had locally advanced (unresectable) disease, and 24 (27%) had @entity1 . The mean adjusted CA19-9 level was significantly lower in those with @entity3 than those with locally advanced (63 vs 592; P =.003) or metastatic (63 vs 1387; P<.001) disease. When a threshold adjusted CA19-9 level of 150 was used, the positive predictive value for determination of unresectable disease was 88%. Carcinoembryonic antigen level was not correlated with extent of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Among the @entity0 with resectable @entity4 based on preoperative imaging studies, those with abnormally high serum levels of CA19-9 may have unresectable disease. These @entity0 may benefit from additional staging modalities such as diagnostic laparoscopy to avoid unnecessary laparotomy.

title: Utility of @entity2 markers in determining resectability of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Despite advances in preoperative radiologic imaging, a significant fraction of potentially resectable @entity4 are found to be unresectable at laparotomy. We tested the hypothesis that preoperative serum levels of CA19-9 ( @entity2 antigen) and carcinoembryonic antigen will identify @entity0 with unresectable @entity4 despite radiologic staging demonstrating resectable disease. DESIGN AND SETTING: Academic tertiary care referral center. @entity0 : From March 1, 1996, to July 31, 2002, 125 @entity0 were identified who underwent surgical exploration for potentially resectable @entity4 based on a preoperative computed tomographic scan; in 89 of them a preoperative @entity2 marker had been measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative @entity2 markers (CA19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen) were correlated with extent of disease at exploration. As CA19-9 is excreted in the biliary system, CA19-9 adjusted for the degree of @entity5 was determined and analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 89 @entity0 , 40 (45%) had @entity3 and underwent resection, 25 (28%) had locally advanced (unresectable) disease, and 24 (27%) had @entity1 . The mean adjusted CA19-9 level was significantly lower in those with @entity3 than those with locally advanced (63 vs 592; P =.003) or metastatic (63 vs 1387; P<.001) disease. When a threshold adjusted CA19-9 level of 150 was used, the positive predictive value for determination of unresectable disease was 88%. Carcinoembryonic antigen level was not correlated with extent of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Among the @entity0 with resectable @entity4 based on preoperative imaging studies, those with abnormally high serum levels of CA19-9 may have unresectable disease. These @entity0 may benefit from additional staging modalities such as diagnostic laparoscopy to avoid unnecessary laparotomy.

title: Utility of XXXX markers in determining resectability of @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bipolar @entity0 are at risk for relapses of their illness even when undergoing optimal pharmacotherapy. This study was performed to determine whether combining family-focused therapy (FFT) with pharmacotherapy during a postepisode interval enhances @entity0 ' mood stability during maintenance treatment. METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial, 101 @entity1 @entity0 were assigned to FFT and pharmacotherapy or a less intensive @entity4 ( @entity4 ) intervention and pharmacotherapy. Outcome assessments were conducted every 3 to 6 months for 2 years. @entity0 (mean +/- SD age, 35.6 +/- 10.2 years) were referred from inpatient or outpatient clinics after onset of a @entity1 , mixed, or @entity2 episode. FFT consisted of 21 sessions of psychoeducation, communication training, and problem-solving skills training. Crisis management consisted of 2 sessions of family education plus crisis intervention sessions as needed. Both protocols lasted 9 months. @entity0 received pharmacotherapy for 2 study years. Main outcome measures included time to relapse, @entity2 and @entity1 , and medication adherence. RESULTS: Rates of study completion did not differ across the FFT (22/31, 71%) and @entity4 groups (43/70, 61%). @entity0 undergoing FFT had fewer relapses (11/31, 35%) and longer survival intervals (mean +/- SD, 73.5 +/- 28.8 weeks) than @entity0 undergoing @entity4 (38/70, 54%; mean +/- SD, 53.2 +/- 39.6 weeks; hazard ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.75; P =.003; intent to treat). @entity0 undergoing FFT showed greater reductions in @entity3 symptoms and better medication adherence during the 2 years than @entity0 undergoing @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Combining family psychoeducation with pharmacotherapy enhances the postepisode symptomatic adjustment and drug adherence of @entity1 @entity0 .

title: A randomized study of family-focused psychoeducation and pharmacotherapy in the outpatient management of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Skeletal muscle that is deficient in @entity3 kinase (CK-/-) exhibits accelerated glycogenolysis during contraction. Understanding this phenomenon could provide insight into the control of glycogenolysis during contraction. Therefore, glycogen breakdown was investigated in isolated extensor digitorum longus CK-/- muscle. Muscles were stimulated to produce repeated @entity0 for 20 s in the presence of @entity6 to block mitochondrial respiration. Accumulation of @entity2 after stimulation was similar in wild-type (WT) and CK-/- muscles, whereas accumulation of @entity5 was twofold higher in CK-/- muscles, indicating greater glycogenolysis in CK-/- muscles. Total phosphorylase activity was decreased by almost 30 % in CK-/- muscle (P < 0.001). Phosphorylase fractional activity (-/+ 3.3 mM @entity1 ) was similar in both groups in the basal state (about 10 %), but increased to a smaller extent in CK-/- muscles after stimulation (39 +/- 4 % vs. 52 +/- 4 % in WT, P < 0.05). Inorganic @entity4 , the substrate for phosphorylase, increased marginally in CK-/- muscles after stimulation (basal = 25.3 +/- 2.2 micromol (g dry muscle)-1; stimulated = 33.9 +/- 2.3 micromol (g dry muscle)-1), but substantially in WT muscles (basal = 11.4 +/- 0.7 micromol (g dry muscle)-1; stimulated = 54.2 +/- 4.5 micromol (g dry muscle)-1). Kinetic studies of phosphorylase b (dephosphorylated enzyme) from muscle extracts in vitro demonstrated higher relative activities in CK-/- muscles (60-135 %) in response to low @entity1 concentrations (up to 50 microM) in both the basal state and after stimulation (P < 0.05), whereas no differences in activity between CK-/- and WT muscles were observed at high @entity1 concentrations (> 100 microM). These data indicate that allosteric activation of phosphorylase b accounts for the accelerated glycogenolysis in CK-/- muscle during contraction.

title: Contraction-mediated glycogenolysis in mouse skeletal muscle lacking XXXX kinase: the role of phosphorylase b activation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the aetiology and determine the optimal surgical treatment of @entity1 . METHODS: Between January 1980 and December 2007, 17 @entity0 with @entity1 were treated at our institution. Regarding the surgical approach, thoracotomy was performed until 1991, and thoracoscopic surgery was performed from 1992 onward. RESULTS: Pneumothorax was on the right side in all but two @entity0 . Surgery was performed on 15 of the 17 @entity0 . The surgical procedure was a diaphragm resection plus a partial bleb resection in eight @entity0 , a diaphragm resection in two @entity0 , a diaphragm resection plus an absorbable @entity2 sheet in four @entity0 , and a partial bleb resection in one @entity0 . Five @entity0 demonstrated a postoperative recurrence (33.0%). However, no recurrence has been observed thus far in the four @entity0 with an absorbable polyglycolic sheet placed on the diaphragmatic surface. CONCLUSION: Although the postoperative recurrence rate of @entity0 undergoing surgical procedures remains high, there were some @entity0 with no postoperative recurrence. Placement of an absorbable sheet on the diaphragmatic surface may therefore prevent recurrence of @entity1 .

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced @entity4 (CINV) are major adverse effects of @entity1 chemotherapy. This study investigated: (1) the impact of CINV on @entity0 ' health-related quality of life (HRQL) in daily clinical practice; (2) the association between @entity0 characteristics and type of antiemetics and CINV; and (3) the role of CINV in physicians' decisions to modify antiemetic treatment. @entity0 AND METHODS: This prospective, multicenter study was conducted in nine general hospitals in the Netherlands. During three consecutive chemotherapy cycles, @entity0 used a diary to record episodes of @entity2 , @entity3 and antiemetic use. For each cycle, these ratings were made 1 day prior to and 7 days after having received chemotherapy. The influence of CINV on @entity0 ' HRQL was evaluated with the Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE) questionnaire at day 6 of each treatment cycle. (Changes in) antiemetic use were recorded by the treating nurse. @entity0 inclusion took place between May 2005 and May 2007. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-seven @entity0 were enrolled in the study. Acute and delayed @entity2 during the first treatment cycle was reported by 39% and 68% of the @entity0 , respectively. The comparable figures for @entity3 were 12% and 23%. During the first and subsequent treatment cycle, approximately one-third of the @entity0 indicated that CINV had a substantial impact on their daily lives. Female @entity0 and younger @entity0 reported significantly more CINV than male and older @entity0 . At all treatment cycles, @entity0 receiving treatment with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, containing @entity5 , reported more acute @entity2 than @entity0 receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Acute @entity3 was associated significantly with change in (i.e., additional) antiemetic treatment. Delayed CINV did not influence antiemetic treatment. CONCLUSION: CINV continues to be a problem that adversely affects the daily lives of @entity0 . CINV is worse in @entity0 and in younger @entity0 . In daily clinical practice, acute CINV, but not delayed CINV, results in changes in antiemetic treatment. In view of the effects of not only acute, but also delayed CINV on daily life, more attention should be paid to adjustment of antiemetic treatment to cover CINV complaints, later during the chemotherapy cycle.

title: Chemotherapy-induced XXXX in daily clinical practice: a community hospital-based study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to present the results of treatment using nerve transfers for elbow and shoulder function in @entity0 with upper-type (C5-C7) @entity3 . METHODS: A retrospective review of a single surgeon's experience was done on the results of treatment using nerve transfers for shoulder abduction and external rotation and elbow flexion in nine @entity0 with upper-type @entity3 from 2005 to 2008. The average age at the time of surgery was 32 years. The average time from injury to surgery was 6.6 months (range, 3-11 months). Two @entity0 had single-nerve transfers from the ulnar nerve to the biceps branch of the musculocutaneous nerve, and seven @entity0 had double-nerve transfers from the ulnar nerve to the biceps branch and from the median nerve to the brachialis branch of the musculocutaneous nerve. All @entity0 had @entity1 for shoulder abduction and external rotation. The average follow-up for all @entity0 was 27.7 months (range, 12-48 months). RESULTS: On latest follow-up, elbow flexion strength of M4 was achieved in eight out of nine @entity0 . The average time to achieve an @entity4 was 7.6 months (range, 5-12 months). The average elbow range of motion was 128      19   with average elbow flexor strength of 2.7    1.5 kg. Shoulder abduction and external rotation were achieved in eight out of nine @entity0 (average of 70      41   and 61      46  , respectively). Complications include transient @entity5 in four @entity0 and transient @entity2 in one. CONCLUSION: Nerve transfer procedures can result in functional recovery of the shoulder and elbow function in @entity0 with upper-type @entity3 .

title: Functional outcome of nerve transfers for upper-type XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Stress has been shown to facilitate @entity3 withdrawal-induced @entity1 . Defining neurobiological mechanisms through which stress has such actions is important given the associated risk of relapse. While @entity7 has long been implicated in the action of stress, current results show that stress elevates the cytokine @entity5 in the @entity0 brain and thereby implicates cytokines in stress effects. In support of this view, prior @entity5 microinjection into the central amygdala (CeA) of @entity0 facilitated @entity3 withdrawal-induced @entity1 -a response that could not be attributed to an increase in plasma @entity6 . To test for a possible interaction between cytokines and @entity7 , a CRF1-receptor antagonist ( @entity9 ) administered prior to the repeated administration of @entity5 or @entity2 / @entity2 reduced the magnitude of the withdrawal-induced @entity1 . This finding provided evidence for cytokine action being dependent upon @entity7 . Additionally, the sensitizing effect of stress on withdrawal-induced @entity1 was reduced by treating the repeated stress exposure prior to @entity3 with the MEK inhibitor @entity8 . Consistent with cytokines having a neuromediator function distinct from a neuroimmune action, @entity5 increased firing rate and @entity4 release from CeA neurons. Thus, an interaction of glial and neuronal function is proposed to contribute to the interaction of stress and chronic @entity3 . Interrupting this potential glial-neuronal interaction could provide a novel means by which to alter the development of emotional states induced by stress that predict relapse in the alcoholic.

title: Cytokine involvement in stress may depend on corticotrophin releasing factor to sensitize @entity3 withdrawal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Stress has been shown to facilitate @entity3 withdrawal-induced @entity1 . Defining neurobiological mechanisms through which stress has such actions is important given the associated risk of relapse. While @entity7 has long been implicated in the action of stress, current results show that stress elevates the cytokine @entity5 in the @entity0 brain and thereby implicates cytokines in stress effects. In support of this view, prior @entity5 microinjection into the central amygdala (CeA) of @entity0 facilitated @entity3 withdrawal-induced @entity1 -a response that could not be attributed to an increase in plasma @entity6 . To test for a possible interaction between cytokines and @entity7 , a CRF1-receptor antagonist ( @entity9 ) administered prior to the repeated administration of @entity5 or @entity2 / @entity2 reduced the magnitude of the withdrawal-induced @entity1 . This finding provided evidence for cytokine action being dependent upon @entity7 . Additionally, the sensitizing effect of stress on withdrawal-induced @entity1 was reduced by treating the repeated stress exposure prior to @entity3 with the MEK inhibitor @entity8 . Consistent with cytokines having a neuromediator function distinct from a neuroimmune action, @entity5 increased firing rate and @entity4 release from CeA neurons. Thus, an interaction of glial and neuronal function is proposed to contribute to the interaction of stress and chronic @entity3 . Interrupting this potential glial-neuronal interaction could provide a novel means by which to alter the development of emotional states induced by stress that predict relapse in the alcoholic.

title: Cytokine involvement in stress may depend on corticotrophin releasing factor to sensitize XXXX withdrawal @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Mild @entity2 signs (MPS) may represent the mild end of a disease spectrum that spans from normal aging to @entity1 . We conducted a population-based study in a rural island town in western Japan, Ama-cho. @entity0 included 1129 subjects, aged 60 years and older, residing in the town. @entity0 were classified according to a modified Unified @entity2 Rating Scale (mUPDRS) score. MPS was determined to be present if any of the following conditions were met: (1) two or more mUPDRS ratings=1 [MPS-mild]; (2) one mUPDRS rating>= 2; or (3) mUPDRS rest @entity4 rating>= 1; [(2) and (3): MPS-severe]. Subjects wore a uniaxial accelerometer (Actiwatch), resulting in the measurement of actigraphic activity counts (AC). Of the 804 @entity0 with complete data, 178 subjects (22.1%) were classified as demonstrating MPS. AC was significantly lower in the MPS-severe group compared with both the CTL and the MPS-mild groups. Diagnostic sensitivity for MPS-severe became 100% when we adopted a cutoff point of low physical activity, as measured by actigraphy, combined with the presence of subjective @entity3 . We established the prevalence of MPS in a community-dwelling elderly population sample in Japan. Actigraphy may be a useful objective tool for screening MPS-severe.

title: Mild XXXX signs in a community-dwelling elderly population sample in Japan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We evaluated the gait characteristics of @entity0 who had short or long-segment fusion after thoracolumbar burst @entity1 . The study included 12 @entity0 (5 male, 7 female) who had vertebral fusion after traumatic thoracolumbar region (T12-L2) burst @entity1 . @entity0 were divided into two groups based on fixation type (short or long segment). Twelve healthy age and sex-matched subjects (seven male, five female) served as controls. Quantitative gait data, including all time-distance (walking velocity, cadence, step time, step length, double support time), kinematic (joint rotation angles of pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle), and kinetic data (moments of hip in sagittal and coronal plane) were collected. Three @entity0 had a T12, six @entity0 an L1, and three @entity0 had an L2 lesion. @entity0 in the two groups were similar in terms of age, sex, and time since operation. No significant differences were found in the time-distance, kinematic, and kinetic gait characteristics between the two groups. This preliminary study reveals that the gait characteristics of @entity0 with short and long-segment fusion after thoracolumbar burst @entity1 were similar to those of healthy subjects and did not differ from each other. However, the present results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. Future studies with larger groups are needed to provide additional data to validate these findings.

title: Short or long fusion after thoracolumbar burst XXXX does not alter selected gait parameters: a preliminary study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study investigates T(2)* quantification in carotid plaques before and after the administration of ultrasmall superparamagnetic @entity1 particles (USPIOs) in a cohort of @entity0 receiving statin therapy. Phantom studies were performed using gels with varying concentrations of USPIOs. In the phantom study, 12 gels were prepared with a range of freely distributed concentrations of USPIO nanoparticles (0-0.05   mg/mL). Relative signal intensity measurements were obtained from a T(2)*-weighted sequence as well as quantitative T(2)* (qT(2)*) measurements. In the @entity0 study, 40 @entity0 with >40% carotid stenosis were randomised to low- and high-dose statin therapy (10 and 80   mg of @entity2 ). Pre- and post- (36   h) USPIO-enhanced MRI were performed at baseline, and at 6 and 12 weeks. A linear mixed-effects model was applied to account for the inherent correlation of multiple-plaque measurements from the same @entity0 and to assess dose-response differences to statin therapy. In the phantom study, the T(2)*-weighted sequence demonstrated an initial increase (T(1) effect), followed by a decrease (T(2)* effect), in relative signal intensity with increasing concentrations of USPIO. The qT(2)* values decreased exponentially with increasing concentrations of USPIO. In the @entity0 study, there was a highly significant difference in post-USPIO T(2)* measurements in plaques between the low- and high-dose statin groups. This was observed for both the difference in qT(2)* measurements (post-USPIO minus pre-USPIO) (p   <   0.001) and for qT(2)* post-USPIO only (p   <   0.001). The post-USPIO qT(2)* values were as follows: baseline: low dose, 13.6        5.5   ms; high dose, 12.9        6.2   ms; 6 weeks: low dose, 13.3        6.7   ms; high dose, 14.3        7.7   ms; 12 weeks: low dose, 14.0        7.6   ms; high dose, 18.3        11.2   ms. It can be concluded that qT(2)* measurements provide an alternative method of quantifying USPIO uptake. These results also demonstrate that changes in USPIO uptake can be measured using post-USPIO imaging only.

title: In vivo carotid plaque MRI using quantitative T2* measurements with ultrasmall superparamagnetic XXXX particles: a dose-response study to statin therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Although anterior cervical decompression and fusion has been used successfully in the treatment of symptomatic @entity4 and/or @entity3 , biomechanical studies have suggested possible deleterious effects of cervical fusion on adjacent level kinematics. The emergence of cervical arthroplasty as an alternative to arthrodesis may restore a more normal spinal movement and reduces a kinematic strain on adjacent segments. To date, with existing prostheses, the risk adjacent segment disease has not been proven to be reduced using artificial disc replacement. PURPOSE: The study was designed to investigate the surgical techniques and clinical effects of the Discover artificial cervical disc prosthesis in a Chinese population and observe the stability and range of movement in the early and immediate postoperative period. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Our clinical study design was prospective, concurrently enrolled, and single-center trial of the artificial cervical disc prosthesis (DePuy Spine, Raynham, MA, USA) in the treatment of @entity0 with single- and two-level @entity2 of the cervical spine. @entity0 SAMPLE: Procedure was performed in 25 @entity0 . OUTCOME MEASURES: The functional spinal unit (FSU) and global angles, segmental and overall range of motion, FSU heights, and clinical parameters checked with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA), Odom's scale, and visual analog scale (VAS) @entity1 score were assessed. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity0 (26 discs) consecutively underwent cervical arthroplasty using the Discover artificial cervical disc in our hospital. Clinical and radiologic follow-up was performed. The radiographic parameters evaluated included the treated segments and the overall curvature of the cervical spine. RESULTS: All the @entity0 were assessed between 12 months and 18 months after surgery (average 15.3 months). According to Odom's scale, all 25 @entity0 (26 levels) had good to excellent outcomes by independent assessment. Mean @entity5 , JOA, and VAS scores showed statistical improvements in the early and immediate postoperative period. The range of movement recovered to the preoperative value during the follow-up. The treated segment ultimately showed preservation of movement when compared with preoperative levels. No prosthesis subsidence or excursion was identified, and no @entity6 was found in the replaced levels. CONCLUSION: These early results from a small cohort demonstrate that cervical arthroplasty with the Discover artificial cervical disc for the treatment of @entity2 may provide a good clinical outcome and preserves some motion postoperatively. Although early outcomes are promising, this is also a relatively new technology and prosthesis, long-term follow-up studies with larger @entity0 numbers are required to assess safety and efficacy compared with alternative treatments.

title: Early follow-up outcomes after treatment of XXXX with the discover cervical disc prosthesis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A gene cluster encoding enzymes involved in @entity1 O antigen biosynthesis was identified from the partial genome sequence of @entity3 . All of the genes within the cluster were assigned putative functions based on sequence similarity with genes from O antigen biosynthetic clusters from other bacteria. Ten pairs of overlapping primers were designed to amplify the O antigen biosynthetic cluster by PCR from nine strains of @entity2 . Although the gene cluster was present in all strains, there was a size difference in one of the PCR products between subsp. tularensis strains and subsp. holarctica strains. @entity1 was purified from @entity3 and the O antigen was shown by mass spectrometry to have a structure similar to that of @entity4 15. When @entity1 from @entity3 was used to immunize @entity0 that were then challenged with @entity3 , an extended time to death was observed.

title: Characterization of the O antigen gene cluster and structural analysis of the O antigen of XXXX subsp. tularensis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Circulating DNA is observed at higher concentrations in @entity0 with @entity1 than in controls. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of circulating DNA is a promising noninvasive tool. Our aim was to prospectively study the association between the catalytic subunit of telomerase ( @entity0 telomerase reverse transcriptase [ @entity7 ]) in plasma and clinical variables and survival in a large-scale @entity4 ( @entity4 ) study. METHODS: Four hundred forty-six @entity0 with stages IIIB and IV @entity4 with a median follow-up of 9.7 months (range, 0.5-45) were analyzed. Blood samples were collected before therapy start ( @entity2 / @entity5 ). Quantification of baseline circulating DNA was determined as the amount of free @entity7 in plasma, by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity7  <= 49.8 ng/ml (median value) had a median @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of 6.3 months compared with 4.9 for @entity7 more than 49.8 ng/ml (p = 0.001). @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was significantly higher (10.9 versus 9.3 months) at lower @entity7 levels (p = 0.012). When calculations were done using @entity7 as continuous variable, we did not observe independent significant differences. Thus, there is an apparent discrepancy in p values when @entity7 is considered as a continuous versus dichotomized variable. There was a tendency to differentiate median @entity7 levels with respect to response rates (complete response + partial response: 33.1 versus stable disease + progressive disease: 50.7 ng/ml, p = 0.12), but other clinical variables such as age, gender, performance status, stage, histology, and number of metastatic locations were not associated with @entity7 . In multivariate analysis, @entity7 was an independent prognostic variable for both @entity3 (hazard ratio: 1.44, p < 0.001) and @entity6 (hazard ratio: 1.33, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: In advanced @entity4 , high pretreatment circulating @entity7 level is an independent poor prognostic marker for @entity3 and @entity6 . Circulating DNA is a noninvasive marker, which may help to improve the prognostic profile of these @entity0 .

title: Circulating DNA is a useful prognostic factor in @entity0 with advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Circulating DNA is observed at higher concentrations in @entity0 with @entity1 than in controls. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of circulating DNA is a promising noninvasive tool. Our aim was to prospectively study the association between the catalytic subunit of telomerase ( @entity0 telomerase reverse transcriptase [ @entity7 ]) in plasma and clinical variables and survival in a large-scale @entity4 ( @entity4 ) study. METHODS: Four hundred forty-six @entity0 with stages IIIB and IV @entity4 with a median follow-up of 9.7 months (range, 0.5-45) were analyzed. Blood samples were collected before therapy start ( @entity2 / @entity5 ). Quantification of baseline circulating DNA was determined as the amount of free @entity7 in plasma, by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity7  <= 49.8 ng/ml (median value) had a median @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of 6.3 months compared with 4.9 for @entity7 more than 49.8 ng/ml (p = 0.001). @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was significantly higher (10.9 versus 9.3 months) at lower @entity7 levels (p = 0.012). When calculations were done using @entity7 as continuous variable, we did not observe independent significant differences. Thus, there is an apparent discrepancy in p values when @entity7 is considered as a continuous versus dichotomized variable. There was a tendency to differentiate median @entity7 levels with respect to response rates (complete response + partial response: 33.1 versus stable disease + progressive disease: 50.7 ng/ml, p = 0.12), but other clinical variables such as age, gender, performance status, stage, histology, and number of metastatic locations were not associated with @entity7 . In multivariate analysis, @entity7 was an independent prognostic variable for both @entity3 (hazard ratio: 1.44, p < 0.001) and @entity6 (hazard ratio: 1.33, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: In advanced @entity4 , high pretreatment circulating @entity7 level is an independent poor prognostic marker for @entity3 and @entity6 . Circulating DNA is a noninvasive marker, which may help to improve the prognostic profile of these @entity0 .

title: Circulating DNA is a useful prognostic factor in XXXX with advanced @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether @entity0 who deliver small babies due to @entity7 or growth restriction have excess risk for @entity2 and @entity1 later in life. METHODS: Eight years after pregnancy, we estimated the prevalence of @entity5 and its components in a cohort study of @entity0 with prior preterm ( @entity7 before 37 weeks, n=181) or small for gestational age ([SGA], less than the tenth percentile, n=192) births, compared with @entity0 with term births (37 or more weeks, n=306). @entity0 delivered at Magee-Womens Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and those with @entity8 or prepregnancy @entity1 or @entity3 were excluded. @entity0 underwent a structured interview and fasting blood sampling. RESULTS: @entity0 were, on average, 8 years postpartum and 39 years old at evaluation. @entity0 with a prior @entity7 had higher blood pressure, @entity9 , and LDL- @entity4 compared with those in a term control group. @entity0 with prior SGA births were leaner and more likely to smoke compared with those with term births. @entity0 with prior @entity7 had elevated risk of @entity5 , adjusted for demographic, smoking and body size factors (23% preterm compared with 17% control group; odds ratio [OR] 1.76 [1.06, 2.80]). In @entity0 with a prior @entity7 , low HDL (11% preterm compared with 5% control group; OR 2.6 [1.2, 5.2]), @entity10 (22% compared with 14%; OR 1.9 [1.2, 2.9]), and elevated @entity6 (24% compared with 19%; OR 1.5 [1.0, 2.3]) accounted for this excess @entity5 . In @entity0 with SGA, the only element of @entity5 that was aberrant was @entity6 metabolism. CONCLUSION: Eight years after pregnancy, @entity0 with prior preterm or SGA births had evidence of @entity5 compared with @entity0 with term births. Screening and intervention in these @entity0 after pregnancy may delay or prevent disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : II.

title: Prior preterm or small-for-gestational-age birth related to XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether mammography can be an early, valid tool for predicting the development of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 presenting for routine mammograms between June and August 2004 were recruited for the study. Baseline data collected included risk factors and family history of @entity3 , as well as any @entity3 experienced by the @entity1 . Similar follow-up data were collected during subsequent years, and these @entity1 -completed surveys were correlated with the baseline mammograms screened for @entity0 . RESULTS: Throughout the 5-year follow-up, @entity4 was present in 20.8% of @entity1 who screened positive for @entity0 and in 5.4% of who screened negative for @entity0 (P<.001). Among @entity1 who did not have @entity4 at baseline, @entity0 -positive @entity1 were more likely to develop @entity4 or a @entity2 than those who were @entity0 -negative (6.3% compared with 2.3%, P=.003; and 58.3% compared with 13.3%, P<.001), respectively. These results remained significant even when controlling for age. CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity0 on mammograms indicates a significantly increased risk of developing @entity4 or a @entity2 . These results suggest that @entity0 should be routinely reported on mammograms and viewed as a marker for the development of @entity4 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: The association of XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether mammography can be an early, valid tool for predicting the development of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 presenting for routine mammograms between June and August 2004 were recruited for the study. Baseline data collected included risk factors and family history of @entity3 , as well as any @entity3 experienced by the @entity1 . Similar follow-up data were collected during subsequent years, and these @entity1 -completed surveys were correlated with the baseline mammograms screened for @entity0 . RESULTS: Throughout the 5-year follow-up, @entity4 was present in 20.8% of @entity1 who screened positive for @entity0 and in 5.4% of who screened negative for @entity0 (P<.001). Among @entity1 who did not have @entity4 at baseline, @entity0 -positive @entity1 were more likely to develop @entity4 or a @entity2 than those who were @entity0 -negative (6.3% compared with 2.3%, P=.003; and 58.3% compared with 13.3%, P<.001), respectively. These results remained significant even when controlling for age. CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity0 on mammograms indicates a significantly increased risk of developing @entity4 or a @entity2 . These results suggest that @entity0 should be routinely reported on mammograms and viewed as a marker for the development of @entity4 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: The association of @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a study to determine the possible differences in @entity5 between 2 needles of the same length and external gauge but with different internal gauges during truncal block of the @entity2 . The @entity4 was that increased @entity5 may be expected with larger internal gauge needles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four clinicians subjected 346 @entity0 to @entity3 and infiltrating anesthesia of the buccal nerve trajectory for the surgical or conventional extraction of the lower third molar. A nonautoaspirating syringe system with 2 types of needle were used: a standard 27-gauge x 35-mm needle with an internal gauge of 0.215 mm and an XL Monoprotect (manufactured by Sofic, Mazamet, France, and distributed by Laboratorios Inibsa, Barcelona, Spain) 27-gauge x 35-mm needle with an internal gauge of 0.265 mm. The following information was recorded for each @entity0 : needle type, gender, anesthetic technique (direct or indirect truncal block) and the number of bone contacts during the procedure, the @entity0 -extraction side, the operator performing the technique, and @entity5 (either positive or negative). RESULTS: No significant differences (P <.05) were observed on contrasting the @entity5 positivity with the internal gauge of the needles. Likewise, no significant differences were seen on correlating aspiration to the anesthetic technique used, the number of bone contacts, the operator, or the @entity0 -extraction side. Blood aspiration was observed in 8.7% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were recorded in @entity5 and internal gauge, operator, @entity0 -extraction side, or the anesthetic technique involved. Consequently, our initial @entity4 can be rejected, because no @entity1 was observed for greater internal gauges.

title: Evaluation and comparison of 2 needle models in XXXX during truncal block of the @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a study to determine the possible differences in @entity5 between 2 needles of the same length and external gauge but with different internal gauges during truncal block of the @entity2 . The @entity4 was that increased @entity5 may be expected with larger internal gauge needles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four clinicians subjected 346 @entity0 to @entity3 and infiltrating anesthesia of the buccal nerve trajectory for the surgical or conventional extraction of the lower third molar. A nonautoaspirating syringe system with 2 types of needle were used: a standard 27-gauge x 35-mm needle with an internal gauge of 0.215 mm and an XL Monoprotect (manufactured by Sofic, Mazamet, France, and distributed by Laboratorios Inibsa, Barcelona, Spain) 27-gauge x 35-mm needle with an internal gauge of 0.265 mm. The following information was recorded for each @entity0 : needle type, gender, anesthetic technique (direct or indirect truncal block) and the number of bone contacts during the procedure, the @entity0 -extraction side, the operator performing the technique, and @entity5 (either positive or negative). RESULTS: No significant differences (P <.05) were observed on contrasting the @entity5 positivity with the internal gauge of the needles. Likewise, no significant differences were seen on correlating aspiration to the anesthetic technique used, the number of bone contacts, the operator, or the @entity0 -extraction side. Blood aspiration was observed in 8.7% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were recorded in @entity5 and internal gauge, operator, @entity0 -extraction side, or the anesthetic technique involved. Consequently, our initial @entity4 can be rejected, because no @entity1 was observed for greater internal gauges.

title: Evaluation and comparison of 2 needle models in @entity5 during truncal block of the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We present 3 @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and severe central nervous system (CNS) complications. All @entity0 had at least 4 positive criteria of Bohan and Peter, which confirmed a definite diagnosis of @entity8 . They were all male, and had a relatively high @entity4 kinase value at admission (1532-4260 U/l). Besides, progressive proximal @entity2 and @entity6 , one @entity0 presented with rapid irreversible @entity1 . Ophthalmologic examination showed active @entity5 . After 2 weeks of treatment with immunosuppressive drugs and being in improved, relatively stable clinical condition, all 3 @entity0 developed generalized @entity7 . Other causes of the neurological symptoms could be excluded. In all 3 @entity0 , the course of @entity8 was fatal. The clinical symptoms and further investigations in our @entity0 show CNS involvement in @entity8 . Although rarely reported, CNS @entity3 can be a serious and life-threatening complication of @entity8 .

title: Case report: severe central nervous system involvement in XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report and clinical discussion. OBJECTIVE: To describe a unique etiology for a @entity0 presenting with exercise-induced @entity6 found to have agenesis of the infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC) and a large vein draining the confluence of the iliac veins through the L4 foramen into the epidural plexus. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1 are infrequently determined to be the etiology of nerve root compression syndromes. Such cases have been described in @entity0 with absent IVC with @entity3 . We are unaware of any previously described cases of absent IVC with a primary route of venous return through the epidural venous plexus, resulting in symptoms in the absence of @entity3 . METHODS: We describe a case of a 34-year-old @entity0 who presented complaining of @entity5 of legs as well as cauda equina symptoms occurring during exercise. He was found to have infrarenal absence of the IVC with the confluence of the iliac veins forming a large draining vein which entered the L4 foramen into the epidural venous plexus. Pre- and postexercise magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed to compare change in the size of the plexus. RESULTS: Postexercise magnetic resonance imaging showed notable increase in the volume of the epidural venous plexus of the lower lumbar spine. The @entity0 was referred to neurosurgery and vascular surgery, which did not intervene. On follow-up 2 years later, the @entity0 developed significant right @entity4 and was found to be heterozygous for @entity7 mutation. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates the breadth of anatomic and physiologic understanding a clinician must draw on when approaching @entity0 with nerve root compression symptoms. It is also pertinent to consider performing a hypercoagulable work-up in @entity0 with @entity2 , as this may prevent future @entity3 .

title: Absent inferior vena cava resulting in exercise-induced epidural venous plexus congestion and XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We have used respiratory-correlated cone beam computed tomography (rcCBCT) imaging to study the volumetric and positional changes that occur throughout the course of radical radiotherapy in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: @entity2 volumes and centers of mass were recorded and analyzed on weekly serial rcCBCT images of @entity4 @entity0 treated with radical radiotherapy to a dose >= 45 Gy with concurrent chemotherapy. RESULTS: Sixty @entity0 with locally advanced @entity4 were included; in 31 @entity0 , the @entity2 was peripheral and thus suitable for contouring. There was a mean percent decrease of 40.2% by fraction 15 and 51.1% by treatment completion. Among all 60 @entity0 , 19 @entity0 (32%) had more than 30% regression by fraction 15 and 25 @entity0 (81%) by treatment completion. Statistically significant @entity2 migration in at least one direction between the first and the last 2 weeks was demonstrated in 14 of 27 @entity0 . Clinically relevant changes ( @entity3 and effusions) were noted in 11 of 29 visually assessed @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Current rcCBCT image quality allows assessment of @entity2 located more peripherally. Significant @entity2 regression was documented in the majority of @entity0 . In view of these observations, the suitability of adaptive radiotherapy in @entity1 treatment should be further investigated.

title: @entity2 regression and positional changes in XXXX during radical radiotherapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We have used respiratory-correlated cone beam computed tomography (rcCBCT) imaging to study the volumetric and positional changes that occur throughout the course of radical radiotherapy in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: @entity2 volumes and centers of mass were recorded and analyzed on weekly serial rcCBCT images of @entity4 @entity0 treated with radical radiotherapy to a dose >= 45 Gy with concurrent chemotherapy. RESULTS: Sixty @entity0 with locally advanced @entity4 were included; in 31 @entity0 , the @entity2 was peripheral and thus suitable for contouring. There was a mean percent decrease of 40.2% by fraction 15 and 51.1% by treatment completion. Among all 60 @entity0 , 19 @entity0 (32%) had more than 30% regression by fraction 15 and 25 @entity0 (81%) by treatment completion. Statistically significant @entity2 migration in at least one direction between the first and the last 2 weeks was demonstrated in 14 of 27 @entity0 . Clinically relevant changes ( @entity3 and effusions) were noted in 11 of 29 visually assessed @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Current rcCBCT image quality allows assessment of @entity2 located more peripherally. Significant @entity2 regression was documented in the majority of @entity0 . In view of these observations, the suitability of adaptive radiotherapy in @entity1 treatment should be further investigated.

title: XXXX regression and positional changes in @entity4 during radical radiotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A high prevalence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has been recently associated with @entity2 . Our aim was to study the prevalence of @entity3 on lateral cephalograms in Class II subjects and to compare the findings with those obtained from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Standardized cephalograms of 238 Class II @entity0 were analysed for @entity3 . Cephalogram and CBCT were available for an additional 21 subjects. Cephalometric values were correlated with vertebrae morphology; logistic regressions and intraobserver agreement were evaluated. Inspection of lateral cephalograms could exclude @entity3 in 90.3 per cent of the subjects, while 9.7 per cent showed potential fusions. No correlations were found between the cephalometric values and potential @entity1 . In the 21 @entity0 with a CBCT and a lateral cephalogram, the visual assessment of the cephalogram yielded a potential fusion in nine cases. None could be confirmed by CBCT. A low number of potentially fused cervical vertebrae could be detected on lateral cephalograms. The possible fusions did not correlate to any cephalometric values nor could they be confirmed by CBCT, the gold standard for assessing @entity3 . Visual examination of a cephalogram may result in a false-positive finding and does not allow reliable diagnosis of @entity3 .

title: Cervical XXXX in subjects with Class II malocclusion assessed by lateral cephalogram and cone beam computed tomography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Primary @entity2 (PHL) is confined to the liver with no evidence of @entity13 . Histopathologically, the PHL belongs to the group of @entity9 and the most common subtype is the diffise large @entity8 . We present a 72-year-old @entity0 , with no relevant antecedents and the following symptoms: early satiety, abdominal discomfort and rapid weight loss. Liver function tests are normal, erythrocyte sedimentation rate is accelerated and LDH progressively increases during the hospitalization. Imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan, nuclear magnetic resonance) show a multilobued mass of around 12 cm of diameter in the right hepatic lobe. Tumoral and virological markers are negative. The pathology of an echo-guided biopsy informs a massive infiltration by a diffuse large @entity8 . The immunohistochemical study shows @entity10 +, @entity4 + and negative CD3, CKAE1, @entity5 , Hepatocyte and HMB45. The citology of pleural liquid is negative for atypia, peripheral blood smear shows no signs of @entity7 , bone marrow biopsy is negative for @entity11 , and @entity12 scintigraphy and body CT scan do not reveal @entity1 . The @entity0 starts chemotherapy with @entity3 and @entity6 but worsens and dies two weeks after beginning treatment. We conclude that our @entity0 had a rare disease with an unresectable lesion, poor prognostic factors and high recurrence risk. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice in these cases.

title: [Primary @entity2 : an infrequent cause of focal XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Primary @entity2 (PHL) is confined to the liver with no evidence of @entity13 . Histopathologically, the PHL belongs to the group of @entity9 and the most common subtype is the diffise large @entity8 . We present a 72-year-old @entity0 , with no relevant antecedents and the following symptoms: early satiety, abdominal discomfort and rapid weight loss. Liver function tests are normal, erythrocyte sedimentation rate is accelerated and LDH progressively increases during the hospitalization. Imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan, nuclear magnetic resonance) show a multilobued mass of around 12 cm of diameter in the right hepatic lobe. Tumoral and virological markers are negative. The pathology of an echo-guided biopsy informs a massive infiltration by a diffuse large @entity8 . The immunohistochemical study shows @entity10 +, @entity4 + and negative CD3, CKAE1, @entity5 , Hepatocyte and HMB45. The citology of pleural liquid is negative for atypia, peripheral blood smear shows no signs of @entity7 , bone marrow biopsy is negative for @entity11 , and @entity12 scintigraphy and body CT scan do not reveal @entity1 . The @entity0 starts chemotherapy with @entity3 and @entity6 but worsens and dies two weeks after beginning treatment. We conclude that our @entity0 had a rare disease with an unresectable lesion, poor prognostic factors and high recurrence risk. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice in these cases.

title: [Primary XXXX : an infrequent cause of focal @entity2 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 is an important cause of complicated @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Like many other microorganisms, @entity4 has acquired resistance to many antibiotics. Due to the serious effects associated with uropathogenic @entity4 and the problems related to the use of antibiotics, alternative strategies for its control must be developed. Previously, we studied the effect of Ibicella lutea extract, a South American indigenous plant, on in vitro uropathogenicity of @entity4 . We observed that I. lutea extract had an effect on various attributes associated with @entity4 urovirulence. The objective of this study was to assess I. lutea extract against @entity2 by @entity4 . METHODOLOGY: This study was based on the effect of I. lutea extract to prevent or treat @entity4 experimental @entity2 in @entity0 and the influence of this administration on the normal intestinal flora. Also, we studied the @entity1 , mutagenicity, and antimutagenicity of the extract. RESULTS: In this study, while I. lutea administration showed an effect in the prevention and treatment of @entity2 in the @entity0 , the intestinal microflora did not change. The I. lutea extract was neither toxic nor mutagenic although the extract showed antimutagenic properties. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the administration of I. lutea extract could represent an interesting new strategy to control @entity4 @entity2 .

title: Assessment of effectiveness and safety of Ibicella lutea extract in the control of experimental @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 is an important cause of complicated @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Like many other microorganisms, @entity4 has acquired resistance to many antibiotics. Due to the serious effects associated with uropathogenic @entity4 and the problems related to the use of antibiotics, alternative strategies for its control must be developed. Previously, we studied the effect of Ibicella lutea extract, a South American indigenous plant, on in vitro uropathogenicity of @entity4 . We observed that I. lutea extract had an effect on various attributes associated with @entity4 urovirulence. The objective of this study was to assess I. lutea extract against @entity2 by @entity4 . METHODOLOGY: This study was based on the effect of I. lutea extract to prevent or treat @entity4 experimental @entity2 in @entity0 and the influence of this administration on the normal intestinal flora. Also, we studied the @entity1 , mutagenicity, and antimutagenicity of the extract. RESULTS: In this study, while I. lutea administration showed an effect in the prevention and treatment of @entity2 in the @entity0 , the intestinal microflora did not change. The I. lutea extract was neither toxic nor mutagenic although the extract showed antimutagenic properties. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the administration of I. lutea extract could represent an interesting new strategy to control @entity4 @entity2 .

title: Assessment of effectiveness and safety of Ibicella lutea extract in the control of experimental XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To determine the current use of @entity4 -agonists, in particular @entity5 , for the management of acute @entity3 in @entity0 in emergency departments throughout Australia and New Zealand. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire that sought to determine the current use of @entity5 and any @entity1 in paediatric emergency departments. RESULTS: Out of 37 hospitals eligible as paediatric emergency departments, 33 (89.1%) responded to the survey, 54.5% having guidelines for the management of acute @entity3 . Of the paediatric emergency departments surveyed, 45.5% used metered-dose inhaler spacer combination in the treatment of mild to moderate @entity3 . All paediatric emergency departments used nebulized @entity5 for acute severe @entity3 . In addition, 85% of paediatric emergency departments used continuous-infusion intravenous @entity5 in unresponsive @entity0 , 63.6% administering a single-dose intravenous @entity5 bolus before commencing the infusion. District paediatric emergency departments were more likely to treat with continuous-infusion intravenous @entity5 outside of the intensive care unit. Clinical unresponsiveness to inhaled @entity5 and clinical improvement were the reported criteria in all paediatric emergency departments for the use and cessation of intravenous @entity5 . @entity1 were common: @entity2 (90%), hypokalaemia (45.5%) and @entity6 (21%), particularly if continuous-infusion intravenous @entity5 administered. Eight deaths from @entity3 were reported, none being related to @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We report a wide variation of @entity5 use in paediatric emergency departments and a high prevalence of type A @entity1 when continuous-infusion intravenous @entity5 therapy was administered. More evidence is needed on the clinical significance of the adverse effects reported in this study and optimal doses for the safe use of continuous-infusion intravenous @entity5 therapy in paediatric emergency departments.

title: The administration of XXXX -agonists for paediatric @entity3 and its adverse reaction in Australian and New Zealand emergency departments: a cross-sectional survey.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: To determine the current use of @entity4 -agonists, in particular @entity5 , for the management of acute @entity3 in @entity0 in emergency departments throughout Australia and New Zealand. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire that sought to determine the current use of @entity5 and any @entity1 in paediatric emergency departments. RESULTS: Out of 37 hospitals eligible as paediatric emergency departments, 33 (89.1%) responded to the survey, 54.5% having guidelines for the management of acute @entity3 . Of the paediatric emergency departments surveyed, 45.5% used metered-dose inhaler spacer combination in the treatment of mild to moderate @entity3 . All paediatric emergency departments used nebulized @entity5 for acute severe @entity3 . In addition, 85% of paediatric emergency departments used continuous-infusion intravenous @entity5 in unresponsive @entity0 , 63.6% administering a single-dose intravenous @entity5 bolus before commencing the infusion. District paediatric emergency departments were more likely to treat with continuous-infusion intravenous @entity5 outside of the intensive care unit. Clinical unresponsiveness to inhaled @entity5 and clinical improvement were the reported criteria in all paediatric emergency departments for the use and cessation of intravenous @entity5 . @entity1 were common: @entity2 (90%), hypokalaemia (45.5%) and @entity6 (21%), particularly if continuous-infusion intravenous @entity5 administered. Eight deaths from @entity3 were reported, none being related to @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We report a wide variation of @entity5 use in paediatric emergency departments and a high prevalence of type A @entity1 when continuous-infusion intravenous @entity5 therapy was administered. More evidence is needed on the clinical significance of the adverse effects reported in this study and optimal doses for the safe use of continuous-infusion intravenous @entity5 therapy in paediatric emergency departments.

title: The administration of @entity4 -agonists for paediatric XXXX and its adverse reaction in Australian and New Zealand emergency departments: a cross-sectional survey.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the effect of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) on the QT variability index (QTVI). METHODS: Digital electrocardiograms from 113 age-matched @entity0 (40 with @entity6 , 26 with high @entity3 , 17 @entity2 and 31 controls) were analyzed. RR interval, heart rate (HR) variability [total power (TP(RR)), low frequency (LF(RR)) and high frequency (HF(RR))], QT interval duration, Bazett HR-corrected QT (QTc), @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and QTVI were compared. RESULTS: Significant group main effects were present for RR, QTc, TP(RR) and LF(RR), but not QT duration, @entity4 or HF(RR). Post hoc comparisons revealed the following: (1) longer RR in controls versus subjects with high @entity3 and @entity2 , and in subjects with @entity6 versus high @entity3 and @entity2 ; (2) QTc was longer in subjects with @entity2 versus controls and shorter in subjects with @entity6 versus high @entity3 , and (3) TP(RR) and LF(RR) were different in controls and subjects with high @entity3 compared to those with @entity2 . QTVI was significantly elevated in all @entity5 groups compared to controls. Significant negative correlations between QTVI and HF(RR) were observed in all @entity5 groups, and TP(RR) and LF(RR) in subjects with @entity6 and high @entity3 only. Age was negatively correlated in controls. CONCLUSIONS: QTVI is negatively affected in otherwise healthy @entity5 @entity0 compared to age-matched controls. This observation appears to reflect the attenuation of vagal modulation, sympathetic impairment above the sixth thoracic vertebra and/or a heightened degree of @entity1 risk.

title: The QT variability index and cardiac autonomic modulation: perspectives from apparently healthy @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the effect of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) on the QT variability index (QTVI). METHODS: Digital electrocardiograms from 113 age-matched @entity0 (40 with @entity6 , 26 with high @entity3 , 17 @entity2 and 31 controls) were analyzed. RR interval, heart rate (HR) variability [total power (TP(RR)), low frequency (LF(RR)) and high frequency (HF(RR))], QT interval duration, Bazett HR-corrected QT (QTc), @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and QTVI were compared. RESULTS: Significant group main effects were present for RR, QTc, TP(RR) and LF(RR), but not QT duration, @entity4 or HF(RR). Post hoc comparisons revealed the following: (1) longer RR in controls versus subjects with high @entity3 and @entity2 , and in subjects with @entity6 versus high @entity3 and @entity2 ; (2) QTc was longer in subjects with @entity2 versus controls and shorter in subjects with @entity6 versus high @entity3 , and (3) TP(RR) and LF(RR) were different in controls and subjects with high @entity3 compared to those with @entity2 . QTVI was significantly elevated in all @entity5 groups compared to controls. Significant negative correlations between QTVI and HF(RR) were observed in all @entity5 groups, and TP(RR) and LF(RR) in subjects with @entity6 and high @entity3 only. Age was negatively correlated in controls. CONCLUSIONS: QTVI is negatively affected in otherwise healthy @entity5 @entity0 compared to age-matched controls. This observation appears to reflect the attenuation of vagal modulation, sympathetic impairment above the sixth thoracic vertebra and/or a heightened degree of @entity1 risk.

title: The QT variability index and cardiac autonomic modulation: perspectives from apparently healthy XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The diffusion of small nutrients in the intervertebral @entity0 disc was examined using a finite element model. OBJECTIVE: To investigate nutrient transport into the disc using a numerical approach. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The intervertebral disc is the largest avascular tissue in the body. Nutrients necessary for cellular survival diffuse from the blood supply around the disc margins to the cells. Limited analytical studies have been performed and compared with measurements. However, the studies have only considered supply through the center of the nucleus and have only examined single solutes. A more sophisticated model is required to investigate the solute supply. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An axisymmetric finite element model has been created to study the transport of three solutes, i.e., @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity3 , using nonlinear consumption-concentration and production-concentration rates. For each of them, data for the consumption/production rate, diffusivity, and concentration in the blood were taken from experimental measurements and used in the model. The effect of varying disc height, exchange area with the blood supply, solute consumption rates, and diffusivities was investigated. RESULTS: The model predicted that concentrations of @entity1 and @entity2 , which are consumed by cells, fell towards the disc center. Concentration levels decreased with a decrease in fractional exchange area and diffusivity, or with an increase in disc height and consumption rate. In contrast, the concentration of @entity3 , produced by the cells, was highest in the center and fell towards the disc-blood vessel interface. The absolute values of concentrations were in agreement with available measurements in vivo and those computed by few available analytical models, indicating the reliability of the finite element simulations. CONCLUSIONS: Finite element methods can be used to predict concentration gradients of solutes throughout the disc in relation to changes in disc and endplate morphology, disc properties, and cellular activities. This study provides a foundation for investigating the effect of load-induced changes or effects of changes in cellular metabolism on disc nutritional supply.

title: Finite element study of nutrient diffusion in the XXXX intervertebral disc.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Latanoprost (Xalatan) is a @entity7 analog prodrug which is activated when hydrolyzed in the @entity2 and plasma. Latanoprost reduces the intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing uveoscleral outflow. Other locally applied medications reduce IOP either by increasing the outflow of fluid through the trabecular drainage system or by reducing the production of fluid in the eye. Latanoprost, which is used topically in the eye at the low dose of 0.005% once daily, has been shown in phase III studies carried out in Scandinavia, the U.K. and the U.S. to be capable of lowering the IOP in @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity6 by 35%. This low IOP is maintained over at least a 2-year period. Latanaprost is as effective, or possible slightly more effective than @entity8 in its pressure reducing effects. Additional pressure reduction can be achieved by adding latanoprost to existing @entity3 medications. Because latanoprost is rapidly metabolized outside the eye, systemic side effects do not occur. Increased iris pigmentation occurs in at least 10% of hazel (but not blue or dark-eyed @entity0 ). So far no ocular problem has occurred because of the increased production of pigment which is not released from the iris. Isolated cases of @entity4 have occurred, so that anyone complaining of @entity1 while using the drug should be fully investigated.

title: Latanoprost in the treatment of @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Latanoprost (Xalatan) is a @entity7 analog prodrug which is activated when hydrolyzed in the @entity2 and plasma. Latanoprost reduces the intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing uveoscleral outflow. Other locally applied medications reduce IOP either by increasing the outflow of fluid through the trabecular drainage system or by reducing the production of fluid in the eye. Latanoprost, which is used topically in the eye at the low dose of 0.005% once daily, has been shown in phase III studies carried out in Scandinavia, the U.K. and the U.S. to be capable of lowering the IOP in @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity6 by 35%. This low IOP is maintained over at least a 2-year period. Latanaprost is as effective, or possible slightly more effective than @entity8 in its pressure reducing effects. Additional pressure reduction can be achieved by adding latanoprost to existing @entity3 medications. Because latanoprost is rapidly metabolized outside the eye, systemic side effects do not occur. Increased iris pigmentation occurs in at least 10% of hazel (but not blue or dark-eyed @entity0 ). So far no ocular problem has occurred because of the increased production of pigment which is not released from the iris. Isolated cases of @entity4 have occurred, so that anyone complaining of @entity1 while using the drug should be fully investigated.

title: Latanoprost in the treatment of XXXX and @entity6 .

answer: @entity3