abstract: BACKGROUND: Neurostimulation as a treatment option for refractory @entity1 has been increasingly utilized in recent years. For @entity0 with such refractory disorders who have often failed to respond to various medical interventions, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a promising treatment modality. DBS is a reversible and adjustable form of brain stimulation (also known as functional neurosurgery) in which desired brain structures (or circuits) are given focal electric stimulation via electrodes that are implanted in the brain tissue during a surgical procedure. It has been utilized among various @entity1 and neurological illnesses, in @entity2 . This article reviews the most relevant data regarding DBS for @entity1 and primary @entity2 . METHODS: Authors conducted a detailed literature search of Medline/PubMed database and studies that used DBS for the treatment of refractory @entity1 were reviewed. Response, remission, and safety measures of these studies were obtained. RESULTS: Despite the advancement in DBS treatment, the number of randomized controlled studies remains very limited due to ethical and methodological difficulties of setting up invasive procedures of this magnitude. So at present, DBS represents a modality used only in the most refractory @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Current data support DBS as a promising treatment option for @entity1 that do not respond to conventional treatments; however, it is clear that more research and @entity0 volume is needed to demonstrate its efficacy in treating these conditions. The use of functional imaging to understand the pathophysiology of these disorders has been crucial for the utilization of DBS.

title: A Comprehensive Review of the Use of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in Treatment of Psychiatric and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) models use genome-wide genetic information to predict genetic values of candidates of selection. Originally, these models were developed without considering genotype * environment interaction(G*E). Several authors have proposed extensions of the single-environment @entity1 model that accommodate G*E using either covariance functions or environmental covariates. In this study, we model G*E using a marker * environment interaction (M*E) @entity1 model; the approach is conceptually simple and can be implemented with existing @entity1 software. We discuss how the model can be implemented by using an explicit regression of phenotypes on markers or using co-variance structures (a genomic best linear unbiased prediction-type model). We used the M*E model to analyze three CIMMYT @entity0 data sets (W1, W2, and W3), where more than 1000 lines were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing and evaluated at CIMMYT's research station in Ciudad Obregon, Mexico, under simulated environmental conditions that covered different irrigation levels, sowing dates and planting systems. We compared the M*E model with a stratified (i.e., within-environment) analysis and with a standard (across-environment) @entity1 model that assumes that effects are constant across environments (i.e., ignoring G*E). The prediction accuracy of the M*E model was substantially greater of that of an across-environment analysis that ignores G*E. Depending on the prediction problem, the M*E model had either similar or greater levels of prediction accuracy than the stratified analyses. The M*E model decomposes marker effects and genomic values into components that are stable across environments (main effects) and others that are environment-specific (interactions). Therefore, in principle, the interaction model could shed light over which variants have effects that are stable across environments and which ones are responsible for G*E. The data set and the scripts required to reproduce the analysis are publicly available as Supporting Information.

title: Increased prediction accuracy in XXXX breeding trials using a marker * environment interaction genomic selection model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 receptor-negative (ER-) @entity0 is intrinsically sensitive to chemotherapy. However, @entity2 response is often incomplete, and relapse occurs with high frequency. The aim of this work was to analyse the molecular characteristics of @entity2 and early response to chemotherapy in @entity1 -derived xenografts (PDXs) of @entity0 . METHODS: Gene and protein expression profiles were analysed in a panel of ER- @entity0 PDXs before and after chemotherapy treatment. @entity2 and stromal @entity4 expression was measured in xenografts lysates by @entity1 and @entity3 cytokine arrays, respectively. RESULTS: The analysis of @entity2 cells in chemo-responder PDX revealed a strong overexpression of @entity6 -inducible genes, induced early after AC treatment and associated with increased @entity7 phosphorylation, DNA-damage and apoptosis. No increase in @entity6 -inducible gene expression was observed in chemo-resistant PDXs upon chemotherapy. Overexpression of @entity6 -related genes was associated with @entity1 @entity4 secretion by @entity2 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment-induced activation of the @entity6 / @entity7 pathway in @entity2 cells is associated with chemotherapy response in ER- @entity0 . Further validations in prospective clinical trials will aim to evaluate the usefulness of this signature to assist therapeutic strategies in the clinical setting.

title: Activation of @entity6 / XXXX signalling predicts response to chemotherapy in @entity5 receptor-negative @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 receptor-negative (ER-) @entity0 is intrinsically sensitive to chemotherapy. However, @entity2 response is often incomplete, and relapse occurs with high frequency. The aim of this work was to analyse the molecular characteristics of @entity2 and early response to chemotherapy in @entity1 -derived xenografts (PDXs) of @entity0 . METHODS: Gene and protein expression profiles were analysed in a panel of ER- @entity0 PDXs before and after chemotherapy treatment. @entity2 and stromal @entity4 expression was measured in xenografts lysates by @entity1 and @entity3 cytokine arrays, respectively. RESULTS: The analysis of @entity2 cells in chemo-responder PDX revealed a strong overexpression of @entity6 -inducible genes, induced early after AC treatment and associated with increased @entity7 phosphorylation, DNA-damage and apoptosis. No increase in @entity6 -inducible gene expression was observed in chemo-resistant PDXs upon chemotherapy. Overexpression of @entity6 -related genes was associated with @entity1 @entity4 secretion by @entity2 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment-induced activation of the @entity6 / @entity7 pathway in @entity2 cells is associated with chemotherapy response in ER- @entity0 . Further validations in prospective clinical trials will aim to evaluate the usefulness of this signature to assist therapeutic strategies in the clinical setting.

title: Activation of @entity6 / @entity7 signalling predicts response to chemotherapy in @entity5 receptor-negative XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 receptor-negative (ER-) @entity0 is intrinsically sensitive to chemotherapy. However, @entity2 response is often incomplete, and relapse occurs with high frequency. The aim of this work was to analyse the molecular characteristics of @entity2 and early response to chemotherapy in @entity1 -derived xenografts (PDXs) of @entity0 . METHODS: Gene and protein expression profiles were analysed in a panel of ER- @entity0 PDXs before and after chemotherapy treatment. @entity2 and stromal @entity4 expression was measured in xenografts lysates by @entity1 and @entity3 cytokine arrays, respectively. RESULTS: The analysis of @entity2 cells in chemo-responder PDX revealed a strong overexpression of @entity6 -inducible genes, induced early after AC treatment and associated with increased @entity7 phosphorylation, DNA-damage and apoptosis. No increase in @entity6 -inducible gene expression was observed in chemo-resistant PDXs upon chemotherapy. Overexpression of @entity6 -related genes was associated with @entity1 @entity4 secretion by @entity2 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment-induced activation of the @entity6 / @entity7 pathway in @entity2 cells is associated with chemotherapy response in ER- @entity0 . Further validations in prospective clinical trials will aim to evaluate the usefulness of this signature to assist therapeutic strategies in the clinical setting.

title: Activation of @entity6 / @entity7 signalling predicts response to chemotherapy in XXXX receptor-negative @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 receptor-negative (ER-) @entity0 is intrinsically sensitive to chemotherapy. However, @entity2 response is often incomplete, and relapse occurs with high frequency. The aim of this work was to analyse the molecular characteristics of @entity2 and early response to chemotherapy in @entity1 -derived xenografts (PDXs) of @entity0 . METHODS: Gene and protein expression profiles were analysed in a panel of ER- @entity0 PDXs before and after chemotherapy treatment. @entity2 and stromal @entity4 expression was measured in xenografts lysates by @entity1 and @entity3 cytokine arrays, respectively. RESULTS: The analysis of @entity2 cells in chemo-responder PDX revealed a strong overexpression of @entity6 -inducible genes, induced early after AC treatment and associated with increased @entity7 phosphorylation, DNA-damage and apoptosis. No increase in @entity6 -inducible gene expression was observed in chemo-resistant PDXs upon chemotherapy. Overexpression of @entity6 -related genes was associated with @entity1 @entity4 secretion by @entity2 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment-induced activation of the @entity6 / @entity7 pathway in @entity2 cells is associated with chemotherapy response in ER- @entity0 . Further validations in prospective clinical trials will aim to evaluate the usefulness of this signature to assist therapeutic strategies in the clinical setting.

title: Activation of XXXX / @entity7 signalling predicts response to chemotherapy in @entity5 receptor-negative @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity1 prevention has emerged as one of public health's top priorities. Public health agencies need reliable data on population health status to guide prevention efforts. Existing survey data sources provide county-level estimates; obtaining sub-county estimates from survey data can be prohibitively expensive. State-issued identification cards are an alternate data source for community-level @entity1 estimates. We computed body mass index for 3.2 million adult Oregonians who were issued a driver license or identification card between 2003 and 2010. Statewide estimates of @entity1 prevalence and average body mass index were compared to the Oregon Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). After geocoding addresses we calculated average adult body mass index for every census tract and block group in the state. Sub-county estimates reveal striking patterns in the population's weight status. Annual @entity1 prevalence estimates from identification cards averaged 18% lower than the BRFSS for @entity0 and 31% lower for @entity0 . Body mass index estimates averaged 2% lower than the BRFSS for @entity0 and 5% lower for @entity0 . Identification card records are a promising data source to augment tracking of @entity1 . @entity0 do tend to misrepresent their weight, but the consistent bias does not obscure patterns and trends. Large numbers of records allow for stable estimates for small geographic areas.

title: Using state-issued identification cards for XXXX tracking.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Predicting the outcome of @entity0 operated on for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a challenging task. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of immediate postsurgical plasma @entity3 , desmopressin test and the coupled @entity1 -desmopressin test (CDDT) as predictors of outcome. DESIGN AND @entity0 : Sixty-seven @entity0 with initial remission and a minimal postsurgical follow-up greater than 18  months were included in this retrospective bicentre study. MEASUREMENTS: Follow-up included 3-6  months followed by yearly 24-h urinary-free @entity3 , ACTH and @entity3 plasmatic levels, a 1-mg overnight @entity1 suppression test (1-mg DST), desmopressin test and the CDDT. ROC curves were performed to define the optimal threshold of immediate postsurgical @entity3 level and 3- to 6-month desmopressin test and CDDT, as predictors of final outcome in comparison with classical biological markers of recurrence. RESULTS: Eleven @entity0 presented recurrence. The @entity0 's median follow-up was 52  months (range, 18-180). As early predictors of outcome, immediate postsurgical plasma @entity3 level <35  nmol/l predicted the lack of recurrence with 93% negative predictive value (NPV), whereas predictive positive value ( @entity4 ) was 25%. During the follow-up, the CDDT was more precise than the desmopressin test in predicting the lack of recurrence (100% NPV) when performed in the first 3  years after surgery. Positivity of the CDDT was defined based on ROC curves by ACTH and @entity3 increments >50%. The CDDT was highly reproducible, as the same response was observed every year in 91% of the @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Adding the CDDT the first 3  years after surgery to immediate postsurgical @entity3 evaluation should allow obtaining an optimal follow-up management of @entity0 operated for @entity2 .

title: Postoperative follow-up of @entity2 using @entity3 , desmopressin and coupled XXXX -desmopressin tests: a head-to-head comparison.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Predicting the outcome of @entity0 operated on for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a challenging task. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of immediate postsurgical plasma @entity3 , desmopressin test and the coupled @entity1 -desmopressin test (CDDT) as predictors of outcome. DESIGN AND @entity0 : Sixty-seven @entity0 with initial remission and a minimal postsurgical follow-up greater than 18  months were included in this retrospective bicentre study. MEASUREMENTS: Follow-up included 3-6  months followed by yearly 24-h urinary-free @entity3 , ACTH and @entity3 plasmatic levels, a 1-mg overnight @entity1 suppression test (1-mg DST), desmopressin test and the CDDT. ROC curves were performed to define the optimal threshold of immediate postsurgical @entity3 level and 3- to 6-month desmopressin test and CDDT, as predictors of final outcome in comparison with classical biological markers of recurrence. RESULTS: Eleven @entity0 presented recurrence. The @entity0 's median follow-up was 52  months (range, 18-180). As early predictors of outcome, immediate postsurgical plasma @entity3 level <35  nmol/l predicted the lack of recurrence with 93% negative predictive value (NPV), whereas predictive positive value ( @entity4 ) was 25%. During the follow-up, the CDDT was more precise than the desmopressin test in predicting the lack of recurrence (100% NPV) when performed in the first 3  years after surgery. Positivity of the CDDT was defined based on ROC curves by ACTH and @entity3 increments >50%. The CDDT was highly reproducible, as the same response was observed every year in 91% of the @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Adding the CDDT the first 3  years after surgery to immediate postsurgical @entity3 evaluation should allow obtaining an optimal follow-up management of @entity0 operated for @entity2 .

title: Postoperative follow-up of XXXX using @entity3 , desmopressin and coupled @entity1 -desmopressin tests: a head-to-head comparison.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Predicting the outcome of @entity0 operated on for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a challenging task. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of immediate postsurgical plasma @entity3 , desmopressin test and the coupled @entity1 -desmopressin test (CDDT) as predictors of outcome. DESIGN AND @entity0 : Sixty-seven @entity0 with initial remission and a minimal postsurgical follow-up greater than 18  months were included in this retrospective bicentre study. MEASUREMENTS: Follow-up included 3-6  months followed by yearly 24-h urinary-free @entity3 , ACTH and @entity3 plasmatic levels, a 1-mg overnight @entity1 suppression test (1-mg DST), desmopressin test and the CDDT. ROC curves were performed to define the optimal threshold of immediate postsurgical @entity3 level and 3- to 6-month desmopressin test and CDDT, as predictors of final outcome in comparison with classical biological markers of recurrence. RESULTS: Eleven @entity0 presented recurrence. The @entity0 's median follow-up was 52  months (range, 18-180). As early predictors of outcome, immediate postsurgical plasma @entity3 level <35  nmol/l predicted the lack of recurrence with 93% negative predictive value (NPV), whereas predictive positive value ( @entity4 ) was 25%. During the follow-up, the CDDT was more precise than the desmopressin test in predicting the lack of recurrence (100% NPV) when performed in the first 3  years after surgery. Positivity of the CDDT was defined based on ROC curves by ACTH and @entity3 increments >50%. The CDDT was highly reproducible, as the same response was observed every year in 91% of the @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Adding the CDDT the first 3  years after surgery to immediate postsurgical @entity3 evaluation should allow obtaining an optimal follow-up management of @entity0 operated for @entity2 .

title: Postoperative follow-up of @entity2 using XXXX , desmopressin and coupled @entity1 -desmopressin tests: a head-to-head comparison.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatments of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in head and neck. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records for the cases of @entity3 in head and neck from 2004 to 2014. General clinical information including diagnosis and treatments was obtained and analyzed. A literature review was also conducted. RESULTS: A total of 5 cases diagnosed with @entity3 were included. Of 5 @entity0 , one @entity0 with lesion in the temporal field was treated with radical resection, followed by radiotherapy, and a 24-month follow-up showed no recurrence. Three @entity0 presented with maxillary, infratemporal fossa or cheek invasion respectively, after diagnosed with pathological examination, one @entity0 received preoperation radiotherapy plus radical resection and postoperative chemotherapy, and the lesions had no obvious progress with follow-up of 106 months; one @entity0 was applied with preoperative chemotherapy plus extensive resection and postoperation radiotherapy, showed recurrence 15 months later, and was lost to follow-up; and another @entity0 underwent chemotherapy plus radiotherapy and extensive resection, presented with pulmonary @entity1 5 months later, and died of brain @entity1 within 25 months. One foreign @entity0 presented with @entity2 involved @entity2 was reduced obviously after chemotherapy, but he was lost to follow-up after getting home. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 in head and neck is rare and the clinical profile of @entity3 is the presence of occupying and compression. The pathology examination is an only way to confirm the diagnosis of @entity3 . The combination of excision, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the treatment choice.

title: [Clinical features of XXXX in head and neck].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Monoclonal antibodies targeting @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have demonstrated efficacy in combination with chemotherapy in the first-line therapy of advanced @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Data from randomized studies comparing these monoclonal antibodies as initial therapy is conflicting, and their comparative efficacy remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of these targeted therapies on @entity0 outcomes by combining the data from randomized clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and meeting proceedings within the past 12 months were searched to identify relevant studies. All randomized phase II/III clinical trials of advanced @entity2 comparing an anti- @entity3 therapy with an anti- @entity1 agent in the first-line setting were included. Data were extracted on sample size, objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESULTS: Three randomized studies comprising 2014 @entity0 were included in the meta-analysis. For @entity0 with @entity4 wild type ( @entity4 - @entity6 ) @entity2 , the ORR was superior in @entity0 who received first-line anti- @entity3 therapy compared with those who received anti- @entity1 therapy (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.58; P  = .004). This effect was even stronger for all RAS- @entity6 @entity0 (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.13-1.90; P  = .004). There was no difference in PFS overall irrespective of the @entity4 - @entity6 (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.93-1.13; P  = .61) or all RAS- @entity6 (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.71-1.18; P  = .50) status. The @entity5 was significantly longer in the @entity0 who received first-line anti- @entity3 therapy compared with those who received anti- @entity1 therapy ( @entity4 - @entity6 : HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65-0.97; P  = .026; all RAS- @entity6 : HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.95; P  = .016). CONCLUSION: The results of our research show superior ORR and @entity5 with first-line anti- @entity3 therapy compared with anti- @entity1 therapy in both @entity4 - @entity6 and all RAS- @entity6 @entity0 with advanced @entity2 . These results suggest that anti- @entity3 monoclonal antibodies may be a real alternative to anti- @entity1 therapy as initial treatment of advanced @entity2 .

title: Role of First-Line Anti- @entity3 Therapy Compared With Anti- XXXX Therapy in Advanced @entity2 : A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Monoclonal antibodies targeting @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have demonstrated efficacy in combination with chemotherapy in the first-line therapy of advanced @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Data from randomized studies comparing these monoclonal antibodies as initial therapy is conflicting, and their comparative efficacy remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of these targeted therapies on @entity0 outcomes by combining the data from randomized clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and meeting proceedings within the past 12 months were searched to identify relevant studies. All randomized phase II/III clinical trials of advanced @entity2 comparing an anti- @entity3 therapy with an anti- @entity1 agent in the first-line setting were included. Data were extracted on sample size, objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESULTS: Three randomized studies comprising 2014 @entity0 were included in the meta-analysis. For @entity0 with @entity4 wild type ( @entity4 - @entity6 ) @entity2 , the ORR was superior in @entity0 who received first-line anti- @entity3 therapy compared with those who received anti- @entity1 therapy (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.58; P  = .004). This effect was even stronger for all RAS- @entity6 @entity0 (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.13-1.90; P  = .004). There was no difference in PFS overall irrespective of the @entity4 - @entity6 (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.93-1.13; P  = .61) or all RAS- @entity6 (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.71-1.18; P  = .50) status. The @entity5 was significantly longer in the @entity0 who received first-line anti- @entity3 therapy compared with those who received anti- @entity1 therapy ( @entity4 - @entity6 : HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65-0.97; P  = .026; all RAS- @entity6 : HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.95; P  = .016). CONCLUSION: The results of our research show superior ORR and @entity5 with first-line anti- @entity3 therapy compared with anti- @entity1 therapy in both @entity4 - @entity6 and all RAS- @entity6 @entity0 with advanced @entity2 . These results suggest that anti- @entity3 monoclonal antibodies may be a real alternative to anti- @entity1 therapy as initial treatment of advanced @entity2 .

title: Role of First-Line Anti- XXXX Therapy Compared With Anti- @entity1 Therapy in Advanced @entity2 : A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Monoclonal antibodies targeting @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have demonstrated efficacy in combination with chemotherapy in the first-line therapy of advanced @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Data from randomized studies comparing these monoclonal antibodies as initial therapy is conflicting, and their comparative efficacy remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of these targeted therapies on @entity0 outcomes by combining the data from randomized clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and meeting proceedings within the past 12 months were searched to identify relevant studies. All randomized phase II/III clinical trials of advanced @entity2 comparing an anti- @entity3 therapy with an anti- @entity1 agent in the first-line setting were included. Data were extracted on sample size, objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESULTS: Three randomized studies comprising 2014 @entity0 were included in the meta-analysis. For @entity0 with @entity4 wild type ( @entity4 - @entity6 ) @entity2 , the ORR was superior in @entity0 who received first-line anti- @entity3 therapy compared with those who received anti- @entity1 therapy (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.58; P  = .004). This effect was even stronger for all RAS- @entity6 @entity0 (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.13-1.90; P  = .004). There was no difference in PFS overall irrespective of the @entity4 - @entity6 (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.93-1.13; P  = .61) or all RAS- @entity6 (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.71-1.18; P  = .50) status. The @entity5 was significantly longer in the @entity0 who received first-line anti- @entity3 therapy compared with those who received anti- @entity1 therapy ( @entity4 - @entity6 : HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65-0.97; P  = .026; all RAS- @entity6 : HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.95; P  = .016). CONCLUSION: The results of our research show superior ORR and @entity5 with first-line anti- @entity3 therapy compared with anti- @entity1 therapy in both @entity4 - @entity6 and all RAS- @entity6 @entity0 with advanced @entity2 . These results suggest that anti- @entity3 monoclonal antibodies may be a real alternative to anti- @entity1 therapy as initial treatment of advanced @entity2 .

title: Role of First-Line Anti- @entity3 Therapy Compared With Anti- @entity1 Therapy in Advanced XXXX : A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 -related @entity5 located at the plantar aspect of the @entity10 interphalangeal joint are often chronic or recurrent and frequently become complicated by @entity8 . Once infected, treatment will typically involve @entity10 amputation. Although intended as a definitive procedure, amputation of the first toe is not desirable from a cosmetic or functional standpoint and often leads to transfer @entity5 at adjacent locations of the foot. Reconstructive wound surgery, combined with limited bone resection, is possible if the @entity4 is caught early before the local tissue and bone have become @entity3 . In addition to @entity2 , biomechanical issues, including ankle equinus, @entity10 limitus, @entity10 extensus, and @entity9 , predispose @entity0 with @entity1 to developing @entity6 . We commonly employ a proximal based unilobed plantar rotational @entity7 combined with @entity10 interphalangeal joint arthroplasty as an alternative to @entity10 amputation. We present a typical case with long-term follow-up to highlight our @entity7 protocol, including @entity0 selection criteria, @entity7 design, surgical technique, bone resection and biopsy pearls, staging timeline, and a typical postoperative course. Periodic follow-up during the next 72  months for unrelated conditions allowed long-term monitoring with no recurrence of @entity8 or subsequent amputation. The foot remained @entity5 free 6 years later. The benefits of this surgical approach include complete excision of the @entity5 , adequate exposure for bone resection, early bone biopsy before the spread of @entity4 or @entity3 of local tissue, @entity7 coverage with viable soft tissue, and partial offloading of mechanical pressure at the plantar interphalangeal joint.

title: Unilobed Rotational @entity7 for Plantar Hallux Interphalangeal Joint Ulceration Complicated by XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 -related @entity5 located at the plantar aspect of the @entity10 interphalangeal joint are often chronic or recurrent and frequently become complicated by @entity8 . Once infected, treatment will typically involve @entity10 amputation. Although intended as a definitive procedure, amputation of the first toe is not desirable from a cosmetic or functional standpoint and often leads to transfer @entity5 at adjacent locations of the foot. Reconstructive wound surgery, combined with limited bone resection, is possible if the @entity4 is caught early before the local tissue and bone have become @entity3 . In addition to @entity2 , biomechanical issues, including ankle equinus, @entity10 limitus, @entity10 extensus, and @entity9 , predispose @entity0 with @entity1 to developing @entity6 . We commonly employ a proximal based unilobed plantar rotational @entity7 combined with @entity10 interphalangeal joint arthroplasty as an alternative to @entity10 amputation. We present a typical case with long-term follow-up to highlight our @entity7 protocol, including @entity0 selection criteria, @entity7 design, surgical technique, bone resection and biopsy pearls, staging timeline, and a typical postoperative course. Periodic follow-up during the next 72  months for unrelated conditions allowed long-term monitoring with no recurrence of @entity8 or subsequent amputation. The foot remained @entity5 free 6 years later. The benefits of this surgical approach include complete excision of the @entity5 , adequate exposure for bone resection, early bone biopsy before the spread of @entity4 or @entity3 of local tissue, @entity7 coverage with viable soft tissue, and partial offloading of mechanical pressure at the plantar interphalangeal joint.

title: Unilobed Rotational XXXX for Plantar Hallux Interphalangeal Joint Ulceration Complicated by @entity8 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: A case of successful treatment of antibiotic-associated @entity7 with oral @entity5 is reported. A 67-year-old @entity0 developed @entity2 shortly after a 10-day course of oral @entity6 . His @entity2 , consisting of 10 to 12 loose stools a day, had continued for approximately two weeks and was accompanied with abdominal cramping, @entity1 , @entity4 , and @entity3 . Stool specimen was streaked with blood. Proctoscopic examination revealed a spotty mucous exudate. Rectal biopsy analysis was consistent with @entity7 . @entity5 was initiated at a dose of 500 mg orally three times daily and continued for 10 days. By the third day, the @entity0 was having one bowel movement daily. Proctoscopic examination after 10 days of therapy showed marked improvement with no evidence of pseudomembranous exudate. One month later the @entity0 remained symptom-free.

title: Treatment of antibiotic-associated XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: A case of successful treatment of antibiotic-associated @entity7 with oral @entity5 is reported. A 67-year-old @entity0 developed @entity2 shortly after a 10-day course of oral @entity6 . His @entity2 , consisting of 10 to 12 loose stools a day, had continued for approximately two weeks and was accompanied with abdominal cramping, @entity1 , @entity4 , and @entity3 . Stool specimen was streaked with blood. Proctoscopic examination revealed a spotty mucous exudate. Rectal biopsy analysis was consistent with @entity7 . @entity5 was initiated at a dose of 500 mg orally three times daily and continued for 10 days. By the third day, the @entity0 was having one bowel movement daily. Proctoscopic examination after 10 days of therapy showed marked improvement with no evidence of pseudomembranous exudate. One month later the @entity0 remained symptom-free.

title: Treatment of antibiotic-associated @entity7 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a CAMBRA based therapeutic and preventive model for high caries risk @entity0 in a pediatric dentistry clinic set-up. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 100 systemically healthy @entity0 aged 4-8 years with dmft/DMFT >= 5 and/or  <=20% magnitude of cariogram sector 'chance to avoid new cavities' were enrolled. The program comprised of following components i.e. caries risk assessment, customized preventive interventions (Motivational interviewing and counseling, oral prophylaxis, @entity1 varnish, fissure sealants) and restorative procedures. The recall intervals were scheduled on the basis of caries risk i.e. every 1 month ( <=40% chance to avoid new cavities) and 3 months (>= 41% chance to avoid new cavities). The primary outcome measure was 'new @entity2 ' at 12 months following achievement of 'termination levels' i.e. >= 41% magnitude of 'chance to avoid new cavities.' The secondary outcome measures were changes in cariogram parameters at termination and duration needed to achieve termination levels. RESULTS: The program showed 97% success rate as 3/100 subjects developed new @entity2 at 12 months follow up. Highly significant (p<0.001) favorable shift was achieved in cariogram parameters at termination. Termination levels were achieved in 2.71  4.854 months. CONCLUSIONS: The present CAMBRA based program with customized intervention and recall schedules showed favorable results.

title: A CAMBRA Model For High Caries Risk Indian XXXX : A Pragmatic Comprehensive Tailored Intervention.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of this study was to define the relationship in @entity5 (in adult male C57BL/6 @entity0 ) between @entity4 and the appearance in plasma of extracellular histones. Procedures included induction of @entity3 by cecal ligation and puncture and measurement of heart function using echocardiogram/Doppler parameters. We assessed the ability of histones to cause disequilibrium in the redox status and intracellular [ @entity2 ]i levels in cardiomyocytes (CMs) (from @entity0 and @entity1 ). We also studied the ability of histones to disturb both functional and electrical responses of hearts perfused with histones. Main findings revealed that extracellular histones appearing in septic plasma required C5a receptors, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) inflammasome. In vitro exposure of CMs to histones caused loss of homeostasis of the redox system and in [ @entity2 ]i, as well as defects in mitochondrial function. Perfusion of hearts with histones caused @entity6 . Finally, in vivo neutralization of histones in septic @entity0 markedly reduced the parameters of @entity4 . Histones caused dysfunction in hearts during @entity5 . These events could be attenuated by histone neutralization, suggesting that histones may be targets in the setting of @entity3 to reduce @entity4 .

title: Role of extracellular histones in the cardiomyopathy of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 , @entity8 or @entity1 are well recognised complications of scorpion sting envenomation occurring in about 1-3% of @entity0 . Current treatment recommendations include afterload reduction using @entity12 and improving cardiac contractility with inotropes like @entity3 . We report the use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) as rescue therapy in a @entity0 with refractory @entity8 due to Mesobuthus tamulus (Indian red scorpion) envenomation. CASE: A 32-year-old @entity0 was referred 24 h after a scorpion sting. At presentation she was ventilated and in @entity9 (systolic blood pressure   <50   mmHg). After admission, the @entity0 had four cardiac arrests (three episodes of @entity14 ventricular @entity4 / @entity11 and one episode of @entity6 ) over the next few hours. Following resuscitation, despite a combination of @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity7 , blood pressure did not improve significantly. In view of persistent @entity4 (heart rate 160/min), @entity13 storm was suspected and @entity12 was added. However, shock was refractory. Hence, IABP was considered as rescue therapy. Following initiation of IABP, there was improvement in cardiac function (improved ejection fraction) which translated to weaning of inotropes over 48 h and improved organ function (renal, respiratory) in the next 2-3 d. However, following extubation, on Day 8, she was noted to have features of @entity10 . This improved gradually. At discharge (Day 30) she was independent for activities of daily living and was able to mobilise without support. CONCLUSION: IABP could be generally considered as a rescue therapy in refractory @entity8 in envenomations.

title: Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) rescue therapy for refractory XXXX due to scorpion sting envenomation.

answer: @entity8


abstract: In a recently published report from the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, around 20% of clinical practice which encompasses blood science investigations is considered wasteful. Blood tests including liver function tests (LFTs), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), coagulation screens, and international normalising ratios (INR) are frequently requested for @entity0 who undergo emergency hospital admission. The paucity of guidance available for blood requesting in acute @entity1 and orthopaedic admissions can lead to inappropriate requesting practices and over investigation. Acute admissions over a period of one month were audited retrospectively for the frequency and clinical indications of requests for LFTs, coagulation screens/INR, and @entity2 . The total number of blood tests requested for the duration of the @entity0 's admission was recorded. Initial auditing of 216 admissions in January 2014 demonstrated a striking amount of over-investigation. Clinical guidelines were developed with multidisciplinary expert input and implemented within the department. Re-audit of 233 admissions was carried out in September 2014. Total no. of LFTs requested: January 895, September 336 (-62.5%); coagulation screens/INR requested: January 307, September 210 (-31.6%); CRPs requested: January 894, September 317 (-64.5%). No. of blood requests per @entity0 : January (M=4.81, SD 4.75), September (M=3.60, SD=4.70). Approximate combined total cost of LFT, coagulation/INR, @entity2 in January   2674.14 and September   1236.19 (-  1437.95, -53.77%). A large decrease was observed in admission requesting and subsequent monitoring (p<0.01) following the implementation. This both significantly reduced cost and venepuncture rates.

title: Blood tests: One too many? Evaluating blood requesting guidance developed for acute @entity0 admitted to XXXX and orthopaedic units.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In a recently published report from the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, around 20% of clinical practice which encompasses blood science investigations is considered wasteful. Blood tests including liver function tests (LFTs), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), coagulation screens, and international normalising ratios (INR) are frequently requested for @entity0 who undergo emergency hospital admission. The paucity of guidance available for blood requesting in acute @entity1 and orthopaedic admissions can lead to inappropriate requesting practices and over investigation. Acute admissions over a period of one month were audited retrospectively for the frequency and clinical indications of requests for LFTs, coagulation screens/INR, and @entity2 . The total number of blood tests requested for the duration of the @entity0 's admission was recorded. Initial auditing of 216 admissions in January 2014 demonstrated a striking amount of over-investigation. Clinical guidelines were developed with multidisciplinary expert input and implemented within the department. Re-audit of 233 admissions was carried out in September 2014. Total no. of LFTs requested: January 895, September 336 (-62.5%); coagulation screens/INR requested: January 307, September 210 (-31.6%); CRPs requested: January 894, September 317 (-64.5%). No. of blood requests per @entity0 : January (M=4.81, SD 4.75), September (M=3.60, SD=4.70). Approximate combined total cost of LFT, coagulation/INR, @entity2 in January   2674.14 and September   1236.19 (-  1437.95, -53.77%). A large decrease was observed in admission requesting and subsequent monitoring (p<0.01) following the implementation. This both significantly reduced cost and venepuncture rates.

title: Blood tests: One too many? Evaluating blood requesting guidance developed for acute XXXX admitted to @entity1 and orthopaedic units.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate whether mean platelet volume ( @entity2 ) is correlated with the CURB-65 (Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, >65 years of age) score, and whether a combination of the CURB-65 score with @entity2 could better predict the 28-day mortality in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: This prospective, observational, single-center, and cross-sectional study was conducted at emergency department (ED) between September 1, 2013, and July 31, 2014. All @entity0 underwent follow-up evaluations 28 days after admission. The end point was defined as all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 174 @entity0 (mean age, 66.7    15.8 years; 66.1% @entity0 ) with @entity1 were enrolled in this study. All-cause mortality at the 28-day follow-up evaluation was 16.1%. A significant and inverse correlation between @entity2 and CURB-65 score was found (R = -.58, P < .001). We determined that the optimal @entity2 cutoff for predicting 28-day mortality at the time of ED admission was 8.55 fL, with a 75.0% sensitivity and a 75.3% specificity. For the prediction of 28-day mortality, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.819 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.740-0.898; P < .001) when the CURB-65 score was used alone, whereas it increased to 0.895 (95% CI, 0.819-0.936; P < .001) with the addition of @entity2 to the score. CONCLUSIONS: Mean platelet volume level is valuable for predicting mortality and the severity of disease among @entity0 with @entity1 at ED admission. Furthermore, a combination of CURB-65 score and @entity2 can enhance the predictive accuracy of 28-day mortality.

title: Combination of mean platelet volume and the CURB-65 score better predicts 28-day mortality in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate whether mean platelet volume ( @entity2 ) is correlated with the CURB-65 (Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, >65 years of age) score, and whether a combination of the CURB-65 score with @entity2 could better predict the 28-day mortality in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: This prospective, observational, single-center, and cross-sectional study was conducted at emergency department (ED) between September 1, 2013, and July 31, 2014. All @entity0 underwent follow-up evaluations 28 days after admission. The end point was defined as all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 174 @entity0 (mean age, 66.7    15.8 years; 66.1% @entity0 ) with @entity1 were enrolled in this study. All-cause mortality at the 28-day follow-up evaluation was 16.1%. A significant and inverse correlation between @entity2 and CURB-65 score was found (R = -.58, P < .001). We determined that the optimal @entity2 cutoff for predicting 28-day mortality at the time of ED admission was 8.55 fL, with a 75.0% sensitivity and a 75.3% specificity. For the prediction of 28-day mortality, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.819 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.740-0.898; P < .001) when the CURB-65 score was used alone, whereas it increased to 0.895 (95% CI, 0.819-0.936; P < .001) with the addition of @entity2 to the score. CONCLUSIONS: Mean platelet volume level is valuable for predicting mortality and the severity of disease among @entity0 with @entity1 at ED admission. Furthermore, a combination of CURB-65 score and @entity2 can enhance the predictive accuracy of 28-day mortality.

title: Combination of mean platelet volume and the CURB-65 score better predicts 28-day mortality in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a common and widely accepted technique, the use of prophylactic antibiotics in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy still remains controversial. The aim of this study is to determine whether prophylactic antibiotics could prevent @entity1 after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to identify any risk factors for @entity1 . METHODS: This study included 471 @entity0 undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy between January 2009 and May 2012. Period 1 @entity0 (279) received second generation @entity3 1 g intravenously after induction of anesthesia, and @entity2 @entity0 (192) were not given prophylactic antibiotics. The characteristics and surgical site infections of the @entity0 were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: The overall rate of @entity1 was 1.69% for the total of 471 @entity0 . The incidence of @entity1 was similar for the two Periods: 5 of 279 @entity0 (1.79%) in Period 1, 3 of 192 @entity0 (1.56%) in @entity2 (p=0.973). All of the @entity0 with surgical site infections were well treated under conservative treatments without any sequelae. The preoperative albumin level (p=0.023) contributed to @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic antibiotics are not necessary for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy but @entity0 in poor nutritional state with low albumin level should consider prophylactic antibiotics.

title: The role of prophylactic antibiotics on XXXX in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is popularly known as lauki, ghia or dudhi in India. Its consumption is advocated by traditional medicine healers for controlling @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity4 . However, in last few years there have been reports of suspected @entity3 due to consumption of its juice leading to severe @entity6 and upper @entity5 . As emergency physicians we need to be aware of this very rare @entity8 specially in India. METHODS: We present a case of a 52-year-old @entity0 who presented with multiple episodes of @entity9 and shock to the emergency department (ED) after consuming bottle gourd juice. The @entity0 was resuscitated and stabilized with fluids, proton pump inhibitors and antiemetics and shifted to the intensive care unit (ICU) under the care of a gastroenterology team for urgent endoscopy and further management. RESULTS: The @entity0 received intravenous fluids, antibiotics, antiemetics, and antacids and underwent upper gastroenterologic endoscopy during the hospitalization. She was discharged in a stable condition 4 days later. CONCLUSIONS: As a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, bottle gourd contains toxic @entity10 compounds called cucurbitacins which are responsible for the bitter taste and @entity3 . There is no known antidote for this @entity3 , and clinicians treat such @entity0 symptomatically only. It is important to educate the public about the harmful effects of this potentially life-threatening @entity3 .

title: Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) juice XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: Asthmatics are adversely affected by the presence of air pollutants, the concentrations of which can nowadays be measured. However, the utility of this information in clinical practice has not been defined in a group of @entity3 in stable condition. Our objective was to determine what impact the level of air pollutants had on the control of their @entity2 and the degree of @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of adult @entity3 in stable condition. From the regional environmental authority, we obtained the concentrations of ambient nitric oxide (NO2), ozone (O3), suspended particulate matter up to 10 micrometers in diameter (PM10) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) at fixed geographical points. Disease control was assessed using @entity2 control test (ACT) scores, and @entity1 using fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) values. Correlation and linear regression studies were performed using ACT scores as the dependent variable. RESULTS: The study included 99 @entity3 , aged 39  years (SD 8), 55  % @entity0 . Mean ACT value was 17.2 (SD 6.5), and FeNO 33.7 (SD 16). Of the pollutants studied, only NO2 was correlated with ACT scores (CC  =  0.45, p  <  0.001). We found no relationship between pollutants and @entity1 . Multivariate analysis showed that ACT score was predicted by ambient air NO2 concentration and, to a lesser extent, mean FeNO. CONCLUSIONS: Information on the concentration of ambient NO2 in our environment can help the clinician to interpret the evolution of @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Impact of Environmental Air Pollutants on Disease Control in Asmathic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A previously fit and well 57-year-old gentleman who had recently undergone a colonoscopy and biopsy of a polyp presented with a 4-day history of progressive @entity8 and abdominal discomfort. The day after admission, he became haemodynamically unstable, developed ischaemic legs and suffered a brief @entity7 . Blood tests demonstrated a @entity6 and hypoglycaemia. Continued haemodynamic instability post-arrest and clinical findings of high right-sided heart pressures were investigated by bedside screening echocardiogram. This demonstrated a massive @entity12 causing tamponade of the right ventricle. Heavily blood stained pericardial fluid was drained, with marked improvement in haemodynamic stability. Retrospective review of the admission-electrocardiogram (ECG) and chest X-ray demonstrated electrical alternans and @entity3 . The differential diagnosis included @entity2 causing a haemorrhagic metastatic @entity12 and a @entity9 . Therefore a computerised tomography (CT) scan of chest, abdomen, pelvis and aorta was performed. This was negative for disseminated @entity2 and showed a @entity9 , but was inconclusive for a @entity9 . A subsequent transoesophageal echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis of type B dissection and ruled out a type A dissection. The histology of the @entity10 was negative for @entity2 , but it was subsequently discovered that the @entity0 had @entity4 from a primary @entity1 diagnosed from pleural fluid cytology. With hindsight the presenting clinical picture was of @entity9 with concurrent but not directly related pericardial tamponade. LEARNING POINTS: Basic echocardiography skills are increasingly being used acutely by physicians' as part of resuscitative care in intensive care unit (ICU) @entity0 .The availability of expert skills in transoesophageal echocardiography are essential in ICU, as demonstrated in this case, where it was needed for discriminating between sub types of @entity9 . @entity11 is a clinical diagnosis, although the presence of electrical alternans on an ECG with associated @entity5 is highly suggestive of @entity11 .

title: Diagnostic echocardiography in an unstable intensive care XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In @entity1 of the urinary bladder we regard a humpy contour of the outer wall of the bladder as a transmural growth of the @entity0 , i.e. stage T4. A retraction of the wall or a plateau phenomenon was assigned to an intramural infiltration (stage T2 or T3). Contrary to the caudal lymphography in several cases changes in the nodes of the iliaca interna-group could be proved. The computer tomography seems to prove in such cases, in which the arteriography of the urinary bladder could not fulfil the expectations (9, 10). The results illustrate that by means of the methods chosen by us a delimitation of early invasive form paravesically growing vesical @entity0 is possible (12, 17, 18). In the classification of the @entity2 tomography does not give more essential informations in comparison to the rectal palpation, the vesiculography and the lymphography. The distinction of a normal prostate from the benign or malignant @entity0 tissue is not successful, since there are no specific differences in density. Particularly the @entity0 infiltration into the seminal vesicles could not be established early enough (7, 13). In the estimation of regional settlements of lymphatic nodes the statements are above all based on controls of the course, only a few cases could be ascertained histologically. In these cases it is necessary to keep in mind that in the computer tomography only lymphatic nodes from a diameter of 1.5-2 cm are recognizable. Since the computer tomography is a non-invasive method, it can be used for the pre- and postoperative diagnostics as well for controls of the course in @entity0 diseases of the lower urinary tract (2, 8, 20). However, no evidence can be made on the dignity of the spacial demands.

title: [Value of computer tomography in the staging of bladder and XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 is the leading cause of @entity6 by @entity2 and @entity4 is the fourteenth, all causes included. Surgery increases postoperative risks in cirrhotic @entity0 . Our purpose was to analyze this point in @entity1 surgery. METHODS: We collected, among 7162 @entity0 , the data concerning those operated for @entity1 (n=6105) and compared @entity0 with @entity5 (n=448) to those presenting other @entity3 (n=2587). We analyzed cirrhotic @entity0 ' characteristics (n=49). RESULTS: Five-year survival of @entity0 with @entity5 was lower (n=5657/6105): 35.3% versus 43.8% for @entity0 with no @entity5 , P=0.0021. Survival of cirrhotic @entity0 was not statistically different from the one of @entity0 with other @entity5 , but none survived beyond 10 years (0% versus 26.4%). Surgery in cirrhotic @entity0 consisted in one explorative thoracotomy, three wedges resections, two segmentectomies, 33 lobectomies and 10 pneumonectomies. Postoperative mortality (8.2%; 4/49) was not different for @entity0 without @entity5 (4.2%; 239/5657) (P=0.32), as well as the rate of complications (40.8%; 20/49 and 24.8%; 1404/5657, P=0.11). Only one postoperative @entity6 was associated to a @entity7 . Multivariate analysis pointed age, histological subtype of the @entity2 and stage of disease as independent prognosis factors. CONCLUSION: When @entity4 is well compensated, surgical resection of @entity1 can be performed with acceptable postoperative morbidity and satisfactory rates of survival. Progressive potential of this disease is worse after five years.

title: [ @entity1 surgery and XXXX .]

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 is the leading cause of @entity6 by @entity2 and @entity4 is the fourteenth, all causes included. Surgery increases postoperative risks in cirrhotic @entity0 . Our purpose was to analyze this point in @entity1 surgery. METHODS: We collected, among 7162 @entity0 , the data concerning those operated for @entity1 (n=6105) and compared @entity0 with @entity5 (n=448) to those presenting other @entity3 (n=2587). We analyzed cirrhotic @entity0 ' characteristics (n=49). RESULTS: Five-year survival of @entity0 with @entity5 was lower (n=5657/6105): 35.3% versus 43.8% for @entity0 with no @entity5 , P=0.0021. Survival of cirrhotic @entity0 was not statistically different from the one of @entity0 with other @entity5 , but none survived beyond 10 years (0% versus 26.4%). Surgery in cirrhotic @entity0 consisted in one explorative thoracotomy, three wedges resections, two segmentectomies, 33 lobectomies and 10 pneumonectomies. Postoperative mortality (8.2%; 4/49) was not different for @entity0 without @entity5 (4.2%; 239/5657) (P=0.32), as well as the rate of complications (40.8%; 20/49 and 24.8%; 1404/5657, P=0.11). Only one postoperative @entity6 was associated to a @entity7 . Multivariate analysis pointed age, histological subtype of the @entity2 and stage of disease as independent prognosis factors. CONCLUSION: When @entity4 is well compensated, surgical resection of @entity1 can be performed with acceptable postoperative morbidity and satisfactory rates of survival. Progressive potential of this disease is worse after five years.

title: [ XXXX surgery and @entity4 .]

answer: @entity1


abstract: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is the mainstay of the treatment in @entity1 , to re-establish the drainage of the affected sinus. The close proximity of the orbital structures to paranasal sinuses makes them vulnerable to inadvertent injury during the sinus surgery. Medial rectus (MR) muscle is the most commonly injured extraocular muscle during ESS due to its anatomic proximity to the thin medial wall of the orbit. This is a non-comparative, retrospective, interventional case series of six @entity0 presenting with @entity2 after ESS. We discuss the management, outcome and review the published literature. A  total  of six @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. The presenting complaints were @entity3 , squinting and limitation of ocular movements. Two @entity0 underwent surgical exploration of the MR muscle and reattachment of the muscle along with injection botulinum to the antagonist lateral rectus muscle. Two @entity0 who had small angle strabismus and who were able to fuse were advised orthoptic exercises and prisms as management. Remaining two @entity0 were advised surgical intervention to correct strabismus but they declined further surgical intervention. Management of @entity2 following ESS is complex, often resulting in suboptimal outcomes. Since early intervention is associated with better outcomes, early referral by otolaryngologists to ophthalmologists would result in better outcome.

title: XXXX to Medial Rectus After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is a major health concern, affecting nearly 10% of the population. Here we describe a potential novel therapeutic agent for this disease, X-3, a derivative of @entity10 . Therapeutic administration of X-3 significantly and dose-dependently reduced plasma @entity4 and @entity6 in db/db @entity1 following 8 week-treatments. Treatment with X-3 dose-dependently increased the number of insulin-positive b-cell mass. Importantly, X-3 did not cause any @entity3 or signs of @entity2 in acute @entity2 studies. Study of mechanism of action revealed that X-3 increased @entity4 uptake in parallel with increased phosphorylation of @entity5 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) in 3T3-L1 cells. It activates AMPK in both @entity7 -dependent and -independent manner. Furthermore, administration of X-3 resulted in activation of AMPK and its downstream target, @entity9 carboxylase (ACC) in the hypothalamus, liver, muscle and adipose tissues of C57BL/6 @entity1 . An 80   mg/kg X-3 was more potent than @entity8 at 500   mg/kg in the hypothalamus, and interscapular fat tissues, potent than MF at the same dose in the liver. Thus, we conclude that X-3 is a promising new class of AMPK activating drug, and can potentially be used in the treatment of type 2 @entity0 .

title: X-3, a @entity10 derivative, stimulates XXXX -activated protein kinase and reduces hyperglycemia and obesity in db/db @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is a major health concern, affecting nearly 10% of the population. Here we describe a potential novel therapeutic agent for this disease, X-3, a derivative of @entity10 . Therapeutic administration of X-3 significantly and dose-dependently reduced plasma @entity4 and @entity6 in db/db @entity1 following 8 week-treatments. Treatment with X-3 dose-dependently increased the number of insulin-positive b-cell mass. Importantly, X-3 did not cause any @entity3 or signs of @entity2 in acute @entity2 studies. Study of mechanism of action revealed that X-3 increased @entity4 uptake in parallel with increased phosphorylation of @entity5 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) in 3T3-L1 cells. It activates AMPK in both @entity7 -dependent and -independent manner. Furthermore, administration of X-3 resulted in activation of AMPK and its downstream target, @entity9 carboxylase (ACC) in the hypothalamus, liver, muscle and adipose tissues of C57BL/6 @entity1 . An 80   mg/kg X-3 was more potent than @entity8 at 500   mg/kg in the hypothalamus, and interscapular fat tissues, potent than MF at the same dose in the liver. Thus, we conclude that X-3 is a promising new class of AMPK activating drug, and can potentially be used in the treatment of type 2 @entity0 .

title: X-3, a @entity10 derivative, stimulates @entity5 -activated protein kinase and reduces hyperglycemia and obesity in db/db XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is a major health concern, affecting nearly 10% of the population. Here we describe a potential novel therapeutic agent for this disease, X-3, a derivative of @entity10 . Therapeutic administration of X-3 significantly and dose-dependently reduced plasma @entity4 and @entity6 in db/db @entity1 following 8 week-treatments. Treatment with X-3 dose-dependently increased the number of insulin-positive b-cell mass. Importantly, X-3 did not cause any @entity3 or signs of @entity2 in acute @entity2 studies. Study of mechanism of action revealed that X-3 increased @entity4 uptake in parallel with increased phosphorylation of @entity5 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) in 3T3-L1 cells. It activates AMPK in both @entity7 -dependent and -independent manner. Furthermore, administration of X-3 resulted in activation of AMPK and its downstream target, @entity9 carboxylase (ACC) in the hypothalamus, liver, muscle and adipose tissues of C57BL/6 @entity1 . An 80   mg/kg X-3 was more potent than @entity8 at 500   mg/kg in the hypothalamus, and interscapular fat tissues, potent than MF at the same dose in the liver. Thus, we conclude that X-3 is a promising new class of AMPK activating drug, and can potentially be used in the treatment of type 2 @entity0 .

title: X-3, a XXXX derivative, stimulates @entity5 -activated protein kinase and reduces hyperglycemia and obesity in db/db @entity1 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: The occurrence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in subjects younger than 35 years of age is the subject of this work. The aims were to evaluate the validity of the diagnosis and to study the long-term prognosis for these @entity0 . Through the central data register of all hospital discharges in the Uppsala hospital region (approximately 1.25 mill. inhabitants) 30 @entity0 histories were obtained. They were carefully evaluated and all survivors were invited to an examination at the Department of Cardiology. The follow-up period from the initial hospital stay was up to 11 years. The hospital mortality among 14 subjects with @entity1 and coronary atheromatosis was 29%, increasing to 43% in the follow-up period. Six of the seven investigated survivors in this group were symptom-free and full-time employed. @entity3 , smoking and heredity for @entity2 seemed to be the most important risk factors among the 14 subjects in this group. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the validity of diagnoses obtained from central data register. In ten @entity0 the initial diagnosis had been incorrect.

title: XXXX in young subjects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for hepatic nodules 20 mm or smaller detected during ultrasonographic (US) surveillance in @entity0 with @entity3 . Materials and Methods Between November 2003 and January 2010, @entity0 with @entity3 with a newly US-detected solitary hepatic nodule 20 mm or smaller were included in this institutional ethics committee-approved study. All @entity0 provided written informed consent before the study; the need to obtain consent for reanalysis of the data was waived. @entity0 underwent MR imaging and fine-needle biopsy (the reference standard). Nodules without pathologic confirmation were followed up with MR imaging every 6 months. A LI-RADS category was retrospectively assigned to nodules seen at MR imaging. The diagnostic accuracy for each LI-RADS category was described by sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values with 95% confidence intervals. Results Final diagnoses of 133 nodules in 159 @entity0 were as follows: 102 @entity4 ( @entity4 ), three @entity5 ( @entity5 ), one neuroendocrine @entity1 , and 27 benign lesions (median MR imaging follow-up, 95 months). None (0%) of five LI-RADS category 1 lesions, three (25%) of 12 category 2 lesions, 29 (69%) of 42 category 3 lesions, 24 (96%) of 25 category 4 lesions, and 44 (98%) of 45 category 5 lesions were @entity4 . One category 3 lesion was ICC, one category 5 lesion was a neuroendocrine @entity1 , and two (50%) of four lesions categorized as other @entity2 were @entity4 . In @entity0 with nodules detected at surveillance US, LI-RADS category 4 criteria were as effective as category 5 criteria for @entity4 diagnosis. Combining both categories would improve sensitivity without impairing specificity or positive or negative predictive value for @entity4 diagnosis (42.3%, 98.2%, 97.8%, and 47.4% vs 65.4%, 96.4%, 97.1%, and 59.6%, respectively). Conclusion In @entity0 with @entity3 with US-detected nodules 20 mm or smaller, both LI-RADS category 4 and category 5 have high specificity for @entity4 . In addition, a relevant proportion of lesions categorized as LI-RADS category 2 or 3 or as other @entity2 were @entity4 . Thus, active diagnostic work-up, including biopsy to allow prompt treatment, is recommended in such @entity0 . (  ) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System with MR Imaging: Evaluation in Nodules 20 mm or Smaller Detected in XXXX at Screening US.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Circulating forms of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are associated with prognosis in @entity0 with colorectal cancer. Preclinical studies have shown that @entity3 can influence the state of phosphorylation and signalling activity of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in a ligand-independent manner. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether plasma soluble intact and cleaved @entity3 (I-III)+(II-III) levels could identify a subpopulation of @entity0 with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) where treatment with cetuximab would have a beneficial effect. Plasma samples were available from 453 @entity0 treated in the NORDIC VII study. @entity0 were randomized between FLOX and FLOX   +   cetuximab. The levels of @entity3 (I-III)+(II-III) were determined by time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay. We demonstrated that higher baseline plasma @entity3 (I-III)+(II-III) levels were significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (HR   =   1.30, 1.14-1.48, p   =   0.0001) and overall survival (OS) (HR   =   1.75, 1.52-2.02, p   <   0.0001). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that plasma @entity3 (I-III)+(II-III) was an independent biomarker of short OS (HR   =   1.45, 1.20-1.75, p   =   0.0001). There were no significant interactions between plasma @entity3 (I-III)+(II-III) levels, @entity2 mutational status and treatment either PFS (p   =   0.43) or OS (p   =   0.095). However, further explorative analyses indicated that @entity0 with low levels of circulating suPAR and a @entity2 wild-type tumor have improved effect from treatment with FLOX   +   cetuximab as compared to @entity0 with @entity2 wild-type and high levels of suPAR. These results thus support the preclinical findings and should be further tested in an independent clinical data set.

title: Intact and cleaved plasma soluble urokinase receptor in XXXX with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with oxaliplatin with or without cetuximab.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the clinical features, antibiotic susceptibilities, and visual outcomes associated with @entity6 caused by @entity2 . METHODS: A consecutive case series. Microbiology database records were retrospectively reviewed for all @entity0 with @entity6 caused by @entity2 from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2012, at a large university referral center. The corresponding clinical records were then reviewed to evaluate the @entity6 clinical features and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: In the 12 @entity0 identified, clinical settings included postcataract surgery (n = 4), postpenetrating keratoplasty (n = 3), endogenous source (n = 2), post-pars plana vitrectomy (n = 1), trabeculectomy bleb-associated setting (n = 1), and @entity1 drainage implant-associated setting (n = 1). All @entity0 presented with hypopyon. Presenting visual acuity was hand motions or worse in all cases. All isolates were susceptible to @entity8 and @entity9 . When comparing isolates in this study with isolates from a previous study (1987 to 2001), the minimal inhibitory concentration required to inhibit 90% of isolates (MIC 90, in micrograms per milliliter) remained the same for @entity8 (8), @entity3 (0.5), @entity5 (4), @entity4 (0.5), and @entity7 (4). Initial treatment strategies were vitreous tap and injection (n = 9) and pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics (n = 3). Final visual acuity was light perception or worse in 11 of the 12 @entity0 (92%). Five @entity0 underwent enucleation (42%). CONCLUSION: All isolates were susceptible to @entity8 and @entity9 , and all MIC 90s for isolates in the current period compared with isolates from 1987 to 2001 remained identical. Despite early and appropriate treatment, outcomes were generally poor with a high rate of enucleation.

title: ENDOPHTHALMITIS CAUSED BY XXXX : Clinical Features, Antibiotic Susceptibilities, and Treatment Outcomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A prospective study was performed to evaluate the impact of surgical decompression (SD) and instrumented fusion within 8   h versus 8-24   h after injury on neurological recovery after cervical traumatic @entity2 (tSCI) in @entity0 operated on in the UMC Ljubljana, Slovenia. Only @entity0 with the American @entity4 Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) grades of A through C and with MRI-confirmed @entity3 were enrolled. The primary outcome was the change in AIS grade at the 6-month follow-up. Of the 48 enrolled @entity0 , 22 @entity0 who underwent surgery within 8   h (group 8   h) and 20 @entity0 who underwent surgery between 8 and 24   h (Group 8-24   h) after injury concluded the study. At admission, there was no statistically significant difference in AIS grade between the study groups. At the 6-month follow-up, an improvement of at least two AIS grades was found in 45.5% of @entity0 in group 8   h and in 10% of @entity0 in group 8-24   h (p=0.017). The median improvement in the ASIA motor score was 38.5 (10.0-61.0) motor points in group 8   h and 15.0 (8.8-34.0) motor points in group 8-24   h (p=0.0468). In a multivariate analysis, adjusted for the preoperative AIS grade and the degree of spinal canal compromise, the odds of an at least two-grade AIS improvement were at least 106% higher for @entity0 in group 8   h than for @entity0 in group 8-24   h (odds ratio=11.08, p=0.004). No statistically significant difference was found in the rate of perioperative complications, @entity1 , and the number of ventilator-dependent days or the mortality between the groups. Our results suggest that the @entity0 with tSCI who undergo SD within 8   h after injury have superior neurological outcomes than @entity0 who undergo SD 8-24   h after injury, without any increase in the rate of adverse effects.

title: Neurological Recovery after Traumatic Cervical XXXX Is Superior if Surgical Decompression and Instrumented Fusion Are Performed within 8 Hours versus 8 to 24 Hours after Injury: A Single Center Experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The Fibrinogen @entity2 Adhesive System (FTAS) enables local haemostasis to occur in parenchymatous organs without tissue damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation of FTAS and the process of wound healing after partial kidney resection in @entity0 using FTAS for induction of local haemostasis. In 28 @entity0 partial kidney resection was performed bilaterally. Haemostasis was achieved with Fibrinogen @entity2 Adhesive System. Four experimental groups were formed. Group A (n = 3): Haemostasis with unlabelled FTAS, subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml = 60 mu Ci Na 125I. Group B (n = 3): Haemostasis with unlabelled FTAS, subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml = 60 mu Ci 125I FTAS. Group C (n = 6): Haemostasis with 125I labelled FTAS. Group D (n = 16): treated like Group C. In Groups A - @entity3 -elimination in 24 h urine samples was determined with a gamma-scintillation counter. Pairs of animals in Group D were killed after 2, 6, 12 and 24 h and 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. Kidneys were examined under the light and electron microscope and by autoradiography. In animals of Groups B and C two peaks of 125I excretion were observed: one peak within the first 48 h postoperatively which corresponded to the amount of free @entity1 injected with FTAS (FTAS contains 15% free @entity1 ); a second peak after 120 h which was most probably due to the degradation of FTAS. Fibrinolysis was not observed. FTAS was resorbed mainly by macrophages. The time course of wound healing paralleled that of physiological fibrinogen concentration. Renal parenchymal damage was not observed.

title: Partial @entity0 kidney resection using autologous fibrinogen XXXX adhesive system.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The Fibrinogen @entity2 Adhesive System (FTAS) enables local haemostasis to occur in parenchymatous organs without tissue damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation of FTAS and the process of wound healing after partial kidney resection in @entity0 using FTAS for induction of local haemostasis. In 28 @entity0 partial kidney resection was performed bilaterally. Haemostasis was achieved with Fibrinogen @entity2 Adhesive System. Four experimental groups were formed. Group A (n = 3): Haemostasis with unlabelled FTAS, subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml = 60 mu Ci Na 125I. Group B (n = 3): Haemostasis with unlabelled FTAS, subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml = 60 mu Ci 125I FTAS. Group C (n = 6): Haemostasis with 125I labelled FTAS. Group D (n = 16): treated like Group C. In Groups A - @entity3 -elimination in 24 h urine samples was determined with a gamma-scintillation counter. Pairs of animals in Group D were killed after 2, 6, 12 and 24 h and 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. Kidneys were examined under the light and electron microscope and by autoradiography. In animals of Groups B and C two peaks of 125I excretion were observed: one peak within the first 48 h postoperatively which corresponded to the amount of free @entity1 injected with FTAS (FTAS contains 15% free @entity1 ); a second peak after 120 h which was most probably due to the degradation of FTAS. Fibrinolysis was not observed. FTAS was resorbed mainly by macrophages. The time course of wound healing paralleled that of physiological fibrinogen concentration. Renal parenchymal damage was not observed.

title: Partial XXXX kidney resection using autologous fibrinogen @entity2 adhesive system.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity6 in the progression of @entity7 and @entity1 has been well recognized. @entity7 is a measure of regional @entity3 . Our objective was to investigate the relationship of subclinical @entity6 with mechanical @entity7 in a population-based asymptomatic multi-ethnic cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity0 of the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity6 (MESA) at exam 5 were evaluated using 1.5T cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, carotid ultrasound (n = 2062) for common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and cardiac computed tomography (n = 2039) for coronary artery @entity4 (CAC) assessment (Agatston method). Dyssynchrony indices were defined as the standard deviation of time to peak systolic circumferential strain (SD-TPS) and the difference between maximum and minimum (max-min) time to peak strain using harmonic phase imaging in 12 segments (3-slices * 4 segments). Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess associations after adjusting for @entity0 demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, LV mass, and ejection fraction. In multivariable analyses, SD-TPS was significantly related to measures of @entity6 , including @entity8 (8.7 ms/mm change in @entity2 , p = 0.020), @entity8 (19.2 ms/mm change in @entity2 , p < 0.001), carotid plaque score (1.2 ms/unit change in score, p < 0.001), and log transformed @entity9 (0.66 ms/unit log- @entity9 , p = 0.018). These findings were consistent with other parameter of @entity7 i.e. max-min. CONCLUSION: In the MESA cohort, measures of @entity6 are associated with parameters of subclinical @entity7 in the absence of clinical coronary event and @entity5 .

title: Association of subclinical @entity6 using carotid XXXX , carotid plaque, and coronary @entity4 score with left ventricular dyssynchrony: the multi-ethnic Study of @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity6 in the progression of @entity7 and @entity1 has been well recognized. @entity7 is a measure of regional @entity3 . Our objective was to investigate the relationship of subclinical @entity6 with mechanical @entity7 in a population-based asymptomatic multi-ethnic cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity0 of the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity6 (MESA) at exam 5 were evaluated using 1.5T cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, carotid ultrasound (n = 2062) for common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and cardiac computed tomography (n = 2039) for coronary artery @entity4 (CAC) assessment (Agatston method). Dyssynchrony indices were defined as the standard deviation of time to peak systolic circumferential strain (SD-TPS) and the difference between maximum and minimum (max-min) time to peak strain using harmonic phase imaging in 12 segments (3-slices * 4 segments). Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess associations after adjusting for @entity0 demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, LV mass, and ejection fraction. In multivariable analyses, SD-TPS was significantly related to measures of @entity6 , including @entity8 (8.7 ms/mm change in @entity2 , p = 0.020), @entity8 (19.2 ms/mm change in @entity2 , p < 0.001), carotid plaque score (1.2 ms/unit change in score, p < 0.001), and log transformed @entity9 (0.66 ms/unit log- @entity9 , p = 0.018). These findings were consistent with other parameter of @entity7 i.e. max-min. CONCLUSION: In the MESA cohort, measures of @entity6 are associated with parameters of subclinical @entity7 in the absence of clinical coronary event and @entity5 .

title: Association of subclinical @entity6 using carotid @entity2 , carotid plaque, and coronary XXXX score with left ventricular dyssynchrony: the multi-ethnic Study of @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity6 in the progression of @entity7 and @entity1 has been well recognized. @entity7 is a measure of regional @entity3 . Our objective was to investigate the relationship of subclinical @entity6 with mechanical @entity7 in a population-based asymptomatic multi-ethnic cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity0 of the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity6 (MESA) at exam 5 were evaluated using 1.5T cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, carotid ultrasound (n = 2062) for common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and cardiac computed tomography (n = 2039) for coronary artery @entity4 (CAC) assessment (Agatston method). Dyssynchrony indices were defined as the standard deviation of time to peak systolic circumferential strain (SD-TPS) and the difference between maximum and minimum (max-min) time to peak strain using harmonic phase imaging in 12 segments (3-slices * 4 segments). Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess associations after adjusting for @entity0 demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, LV mass, and ejection fraction. In multivariable analyses, SD-TPS was significantly related to measures of @entity6 , including @entity8 (8.7 ms/mm change in @entity2 , p = 0.020), @entity8 (19.2 ms/mm change in @entity2 , p < 0.001), carotid plaque score (1.2 ms/unit change in score, p < 0.001), and log transformed @entity9 (0.66 ms/unit log- @entity9 , p = 0.018). These findings were consistent with other parameter of @entity7 i.e. max-min. CONCLUSION: In the MESA cohort, measures of @entity6 are associated with parameters of subclinical @entity7 in the absence of clinical coronary event and @entity5 .

title: Association of subclinical XXXX using carotid @entity2 , carotid plaque, and coronary @entity4 score with left ventricular dyssynchrony: the multi-ethnic Study of @entity6 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity6 in the progression of @entity7 and @entity1 has been well recognized. @entity7 is a measure of regional @entity3 . Our objective was to investigate the relationship of subclinical @entity6 with mechanical @entity7 in a population-based asymptomatic multi-ethnic cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity0 of the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity6 (MESA) at exam 5 were evaluated using 1.5T cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, carotid ultrasound (n = 2062) for common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and cardiac computed tomography (n = 2039) for coronary artery @entity4 (CAC) assessment (Agatston method). Dyssynchrony indices were defined as the standard deviation of time to peak systolic circumferential strain (SD-TPS) and the difference between maximum and minimum (max-min) time to peak strain using harmonic phase imaging in 12 segments (3-slices * 4 segments). Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess associations after adjusting for @entity0 demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, LV mass, and ejection fraction. In multivariable analyses, SD-TPS was significantly related to measures of @entity6 , including @entity8 (8.7 ms/mm change in @entity2 , p = 0.020), @entity8 (19.2 ms/mm change in @entity2 , p < 0.001), carotid plaque score (1.2 ms/unit change in score, p < 0.001), and log transformed @entity9 (0.66 ms/unit log- @entity9 , p = 0.018). These findings were consistent with other parameter of @entity7 i.e. max-min. CONCLUSION: In the MESA cohort, measures of @entity6 are associated with parameters of subclinical @entity7 in the absence of clinical coronary event and @entity5 .

title: Association of subclinical @entity6 using carotid @entity2 , carotid plaque, and coronary @entity4 score with left ventricular dyssynchrony: the multi-ethnic Study of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Negative symptoms are a core feature of @entity2 and have been grouped into 2 factors: a motivational factor, which we refer to as apathy, and a diminished expression factor. Recent studies have shown that apathy is closely linked to functional outcome. However, knowledge about its mechanisms and its relation to decision-making is limited. In the current study, we examined whether apathy in @entity2 is associated with predecisional deficits, that is, deficits in the generation of options for action. We applied verbal protocol analysis to investigate the quantity of options generated in ill-structured real world scenarios in 30 @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity3 and 21 healthy control @entity0 . @entity0 generated significantly fewer options than control @entity0 and clinical apathy ratings correlated negatively with the quantity of generated options. We show that the association between measures of psychopathology and option generation is most pronounced in regard to apathy symptoms and that it is only partially mediated by deficits in verbal fluency. This study provides empirical support for dysfunctional option generation as a possible mechanism for apathy in @entity2 . Our data emphasize the potential importance of predecisional stages in the development and persistence of apathy symptoms in @entity1 and might also inform the development of novel treatment options in the realm of cognitive remediation. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Apathy in XXXX as a deficit in the generation of options for action.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This literature review examined research into the impact of a previous 'all-clear' or non- @entity1 diagnosis following symptomatic presentation ('false alarm') on symptom attribution and delays in help seeking for subsequent possible @entity1 symptoms. DESIGN AND SETTING: The comprehensive literature review included original research based on quantitative, qualitative and mixed data collection methods. We used a combination of search strategies, including in-depth searches of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsychInfo), searching key authors and articles listed as 'related' in PubMed, and reference lists. We performed a narrative synthesis of key themes shared across studies. @entity0 : The review included studies published after 1990 and before February 2014 reporting information on adult @entity0 having experienced a false alarm following symptomatic presentation. We excluded false alarms in the context of screening. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We evaluated the effect of a 'false alarm' on symptom attribution and help seeking for new or recurrent possible @entity1 symptoms. RESULTS: Overall, 1442 papers were screened and 121 retrieved for full-text evaluation. Among them, 19 reported on false alarms and subsequent symptom attribution or help seeking. They used qualitative (n=14), quantitative (n=3) and mixed methods (n=2). Breast (n=7), gynaecological (n=3), colorectal (n=2), testicular (n=2), and @entity2 (n=2) were the most studied. Two broad themes emerged underlying delays in help seeking: (1) over-reassurance from the previous 'all-clear' diagnosis leading to subsequent symptoms being interpreted as benign, and (2) unsupportive healthcare experiences in which symptoms were dismissed, leaving @entity0 concerned about appearing hypochondriacal or uncertain about the appropriate next actions. The evidence suggested that the effect of a false alarm can persist for months and even years. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, over-reassurance and undersupport of @entity0 after a false alarm can undermine help seeking in the case of new or recurrent potential @entity1 symptoms, highlighting the need for appropriate @entity0 information when investigations rule out @entity1 .

title: Over-reassurance and undersupport after a 'false alarm': a systematic review of the impact on subsequent XXXX symptom attribution and help seeking.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although cerclage has been shown to reduce the risk of recurrent @entity1 in a select @entity0 population, the mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood. Our objective was to evaluate whether cerclage affects the rate of cervical @entity4 taking into account exposure to @entity5 and vaginal @entity2 . METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of @entity0 who had serial cervical length measurements due to a history of spontaneous @entity3 . Demographic data, obstetric history, @entity2 administration, delivery information and serial cervical length measurements were collected. The rate of cervical @entity4 was compared in @entity0 with cerclage to those without cerclage. Subgroup analyses were performed to compare rates of cervical @entity4 by indication for cerclage (history indicated vs ultrasound-indicated) and outcome in the current pregnancy (cerclage vs no cerclage among those that delivered preterm). RESULTS: A total of 414 @entity0 were included of whom 32.4 % (n   =   134) had a cerclage. There was no difference in the rate of cervical @entity4 between the cerclage (0.8   mm per week) and no cerclage groups (1.0   mm per week, P   =   0.43). The rates of cervical @entity4 among history-indicated and ultrasound-indicated cerclage groups were similar (0.9 vs 1.3   mm per week respectively, p   =   0.2). Among @entity0 with a @entity3 in the index pregnancy, the rate of cervical @entity4 among those with (1.31   mm per week), and without cerclage (1.28   mm per week, p   =   0.78) was also similar. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical @entity4 among @entity0 with cerclage occurs at a similar rate as @entity0 without a cerclage, regardless of indication for cerclage or pregnancy outcome.

title: The effect of cervical cerclage on the rate of cervical XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A significant fall in fasting @entity4 was produced by injection of @entity3 . After @entity1 infusion @entity3 reduced the normal rise of glucagon by 33% and @entity2 by 40%. Eleven @entity0 studied during insulin hypoglycaemia after a selective vagotomy showed a peak rise in plasma-glucagon of 173 pg. per ml., which was not significantly different from the glucagon rise in ten preoperative controls (168 pg. per ml.). The glucagon response to insulin hypoglycaemia (81 pg. per ml.) in a matched group of ten @entity0 with truncal vagotomy was significantly less than after selective vagotomy. This evidence of parasympathetic control of the alpha cell accords with morphological and laboratory-animal findings. Maintenance of normal glucagon release after selective vagotomy favours the use of this operation rather than the cruder truncal vagotomy.

title: Vagal control of glucagon release in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: EQOFIX is a medicoeconomic study that analyzed the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and costs of care of the moderate and severe forms of @entity3 , treated on demand or by prophylaxis with either plasma-derived Factor IX (pdFIX) or recombinant @entity2 (rFIX). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The primary objectives were evaluations of the impact of @entity3 on HRQoL and of the costs associated with its management. The secondary objectives were evaluations of the clinical efficacy and costs of care of pdFIX and rFIX. In this observational study we included and followed for 1 year severe and moderate @entity3 @entity0 without inhibitor. HRQoL was evaluated through generic and disease-specific questionnaires. Information on the health resources consumed was collected every 3 months. RESULTS: The EQOFIX cohort was composed of 155 @entity0 , including 51 @entity0 and 104 adults, with 114 having severe disease and 41 having moderate disease. The regimens were prophylactic for 61 and on demand for 94. Altogether, 78 were treated with rFIX and 77 with pdFIX. There was no difference in the QoL between the pdFIX and rFIX treatments. The extra cost of prophylaxis was    22,605 per @entity1 event prevented. The consumption of @entity2 was 1.4-fold higher for the @entity0 treated with rFIX than for the @entity0 treated with pdFIX. CONCLUSION: Our findings in a cohort composed of 25% of the French population of moderate and severe @entity3 @entity0 show, with similar clinical and HRQoL results, that treatment with rFIX is more expensive than treatment with pdFIX.

title: EQOFIX: a combined economic and quality-of-life study of XXXX treatments in France.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of psychosocial interventions with the aim of reducing the intensity of stress in mothers during the postpartum period as compared with usual care. DATA SOURCES: Eligible studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and ProQuest dissertations and theses. STUDY SELECTION: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) treating stress in postpartum mothers older than age 19  years were included. The suitability of the quality of articles was evaluated using Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Experimental Studies. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria for data analysis. DATA EXTRACTION: Authors, country, sample, setting, methods, time period, major content of the intervention, outcome measures, and salient findings were extracted and summarized in a data extraction form for further analysis and synthesis. DATA SYNTHESIS: Standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for 13 suitable articles using Cochrane Review Manager. RESULTS: Of 1,871 publications, 14 @entity1 , conducted between 1994 and 2012, were evaluated in the systematic review and 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Studies were categorized into three major types by interventional methods. We found that psychosocial interventions in general (standard mean difference -1.66, 95% confidence interval [-2.74, -0.57], p  =  .003), and supportive stress management programs in particular (standard mean difference -0.59, 95% confidence interval [-0.94, -0.23], p  =  .001), were effective for @entity0 dealing with postpartum stress. CONCLUSIONS: This review indicated that psychosocial interventions including supportive stress management programs are effective for reducing postpartum stress in @entity0 , so those interventions should become an essential part of maternity care.

title: A Systematic Review of Psychosocial Interventions for XXXX with Postpartum Stress.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Remote @entity1 conditioning (RIC) represents an innovative cardioprotective method that has been investigated in numerous clinical studies providing miscellaneous results. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to assess RIC-induced effects on @entity2 biomarkers and clinical outcomes in clinical situations at risk of @entity5 /reperfusion damage. PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized clinical trials testing any RIC protocol versus a control in a situation or procedure at risk of @entity3 /reperfusion damage, including coronary angioplasty and cardiac or major vascular surgery. Data were collected from publications reporting biological markers of @entity2 or clinical events, including major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (MACCE), all-cause mortality, @entity4 incidence, and repeat revascularization. Standardized mean difference (SMD) (continuous outcomes) and odds ratios (OR) (dichotomous outcomes) were compared between groups. Heterogeneity was investigated by means of meta-analysis regression. A total of 53 articles (44 studies) were identified by the search, with 5,317 @entity0 included in the systematic meta-analysis. RIC significantly reduced troponin area under curve (AUC) (SMD -0.27, 95  % confidence interval (CI): [-0.36, -0.18]; p  <  0.01) and troponin peak (SMD: -0.22, 95  % CI: [-0.30, -0.15]; p  <  0.01). The same reduction was observed with creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) AUC and peak. Long-term MACCE and all-cause mortality were significantly lower in the RIC group (OR: 0.42, 95  % CI [0.28, 0.64]; p  <  0.01 vs. OR: 0.27, 95  % CI [0.13, 0.58]; p  <  0.01, respectively), as was @entity4 incidence (OR: 0.54, 95  % CI [0.40, 0.73]; p  <  0.01). We observed no difference regarding repeat revascularization. RIC appears to be an effective method for reducing @entity1 /reperfusion @entity2 , and our findings suggest that it may reduce long-term clinical events.

title: Remote XXXX conditioning and cardioprotection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Changes in technology and increased reports of successful extracorporeal life support use in @entity0 populations, such as @entity3 , @entity6 , and adults, are leading to expansion of extracorporeal life support. Major limitations to extracorporeal life support expansion remain @entity2 and @entity4 . These complications are the most frequent causes of @entity1 and morbidity. As a pilot project to provide baseline data for a detailed evaluation of @entity2 and @entity4 in the current era, extracorporeal life support @entity0 were analyzed from eight centers in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of @entity0 Health and @entity0 Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of @entity0 (< 19 yr) reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry from eight Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network centers between 2005 and 2011. SETTING: Tertiary @entity0 's hospitals within the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network. SUBJECTS: The study cohort consisted of 2,036 @entity0 (13% with @entity8 ). INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN RESULTS: In the cohort of @entity0 without @entity8 (n = 1,773), @entity2 occurred in 38% of @entity0 , whereas @entity4 was noted in 31%. Bleeding and @entity4 were associated with a decreased survival by 40% (relative risk, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.53-0.66) and 33% (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.60-0.74). Longer duration of extracorporeal life support and use of venoarterial cannulation were also associated with increased risk of @entity2 and/or @entity4 complications and lower survival. The most common @entity2 events included surgical site @entity2 (17%; n = 306), cannulation site @entity2 (14%; n = 256), and @entity5 (11%; n = 192). Common @entity4 events were clots in the circuit (15%; n = 274) and the oxygenator (12%; n = 212) and @entity7 (plasma-free hemoglobin > 50 mg/dL) (10%; n = 177). Among @entity0 with @entity8 , @entity2 and @entity4 occurred in, respectively, 45% (n = 118) and 60% (n = 159), Bleeding events were associated with reduced survival (relative risk, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46-0.86) although @entity4 events were not (relative risk, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.67-1.26). CONCLUSIONS: Bleeding and @entity4 remain common complications in @entity0 undergoing extracorporeal life support. Further research to reduce or eliminate @entity2 and @entity4 is indicated to help improve @entity0 outcome.

title: Association of XXXX and @entity4 with outcome in extracorporeal life support.

answer: @entity2