abstract: BACKGROUND: One distinct advantage of laparoscopic @entity2 is the opportunity for clear visualization of the direct, indirect, femoral, obturator and other groin spaces. The aim of this study was to examine/assess the potential of the laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) @entity2 method in detecting unexpected additional @entity3 . METHODS: @entity0 who underwent an elective @entity2 , in the department of abdominal surgery at the institute of laparoscopic surgery (ILS, Bordeaux, France) between September 2003 and July 2005 were enrolled prospectively in the study. The @entity0 ' demographic data, operative, postoperative course and outpatient follow-up were studied. RESULTS: A total of 337 laparoscopic @entity2 repairs were performed in 263 @entity0 . Of these, 189 @entity0 had unilateral hernia (109 right and 80 left) and 74 @entity0 had @entity3 . Indirect @entity3 were the most common, followed by direct and then @entity6 . There were 218 male @entity0 and 45 female @entity0 with a mean age of 60    15 years. There were 44 unexpected @entity3 : 6 spegilian @entity3 , 19 @entity6 . Two @entity0 were converted to transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) due to surgical difficulties. There were no major @entity5 in all @entity0 except for three cases of @entity4 arising from the inferior epigastric artery. Only one @entity0 had @entity1 and was re-operated on several hours after the hernia repair. No recurrence occurred in the present series. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic @entity2 approach allows viewing of the entire myopectineal orifice, facilitating repair of any unexpected @entity3 and thereby reducing the chance of recurrence.

title: Occult @entity3 detected by laparoscopic totally extra-peritoneal XXXX : a prospective study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: One distinct advantage of laparoscopic @entity2 is the opportunity for clear visualization of the direct, indirect, femoral, obturator and other groin spaces. The aim of this study was to examine/assess the potential of the laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) @entity2 method in detecting unexpected additional @entity3 . METHODS: @entity0 who underwent an elective @entity2 , in the department of abdominal surgery at the institute of laparoscopic surgery (ILS, Bordeaux, France) between September 2003 and July 2005 were enrolled prospectively in the study. The @entity0 ' demographic data, operative, postoperative course and outpatient follow-up were studied. RESULTS: A total of 337 laparoscopic @entity2 repairs were performed in 263 @entity0 . Of these, 189 @entity0 had unilateral hernia (109 right and 80 left) and 74 @entity0 had @entity3 . Indirect @entity3 were the most common, followed by direct and then @entity6 . There were 218 male @entity0 and 45 female @entity0 with a mean age of 60    15 years. There were 44 unexpected @entity3 : 6 spegilian @entity3 , 19 @entity6 . Two @entity0 were converted to transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) due to surgical difficulties. There were no major @entity5 in all @entity0 except for three cases of @entity4 arising from the inferior epigastric artery. Only one @entity0 had @entity1 and was re-operated on several hours after the hernia repair. No recurrence occurred in the present series. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic @entity2 approach allows viewing of the entire myopectineal orifice, facilitating repair of any unexpected @entity3 and thereby reducing the chance of recurrence.

title: Occult XXXX detected by laparoscopic totally extra-peritoneal @entity2 : a prospective study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To study the clinicopathological aspects of primary @entity4 in immunocompetent @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity0 with primary @entity4 were analyzed for their clinico-pathological characteristics and followed-up for the treatment and subsequent management in Neurosurgery, and Medical and Radiation Oncology. RESULTS: The fronto-parietal region was the commonest location of @entity4 ; four cases of @entity4 were seen. Our @entity0 were relatively young with a mean age of 48 years and an age range of 35-60 years. Females outnumbered males with a ratio of 2.7:1. The commonest presentation was focal @entity1 and features of @entity3 . All the @entity0 histologically had diffuse large @entity5 . Radiologically, most presented as disc-enhancing lesions. Two @entity0 had @entity2 . Most of the @entity0 (10) died within a mean of 4.4 months (range 2 weeks-16 months). CONCLUSION: Primary @entity4 is seen in immunocompetent @entity0 as well. Relapse is common after treatment and the overall prognosis is unfavorable.

title: Primary XXXX in immunocompetent: a review of literature and our experience from Kashmir.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of lymph node @entity1 along the superior mesenteric vein (station 14v) to determine the need for 14v dissection in @entity3 surgery. METHODS: A total of 1104 @entity0 with @entity3 who underwent gastrectomy including 14v dissection were enrolled. @entity0 were categorized into two groups: those with and those without 14v lymph node involvement by @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the total study population, 73 @entity0 (6  6 per cent) had 14v-positive @entity3 . These @entity0 were more likely to have advanced @entity2 ( @entity2 ), node (N) and distant metastatic (M) status, and histologically undifferentiated @entity3 . The 3- and 5-year survival rates of @entity0 with 14v-positive disease were 24 and 9 per cent respectively. Survival in this group was similar to that of @entity0 who had @entity3 with distant @entity1 (M1). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that 14v status was a significant prognostic factor for @entity3 (hazard ratio 2  13; P < 0  001). After histologically complete (R0) resection, the overall survival of 14v-positive @entity0 with any stage of @entity2 was significantly worse than that for 14v-negative @entity0 with stage IV @entity2 (P = 0  006). CONCLUSION: 14v status is an independent prognostic factor for @entity3 , with 14v-positive @entity3 having a poor prognosis, similar to that of M1 disease. The exclusion of 14v in regional lymph node dissection should be considered.

title: Relevance of lymph node @entity1 along the superior mesenteric vein in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of lymph node @entity1 along the superior mesenteric vein (station 14v) to determine the need for 14v dissection in @entity3 surgery. METHODS: A total of 1104 @entity0 with @entity3 who underwent gastrectomy including 14v dissection were enrolled. @entity0 were categorized into two groups: those with and those without 14v lymph node involvement by @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the total study population, 73 @entity0 (6  6 per cent) had 14v-positive @entity3 . These @entity0 were more likely to have advanced @entity2 ( @entity2 ), node (N) and distant metastatic (M) status, and histologically undifferentiated @entity3 . The 3- and 5-year survival rates of @entity0 with 14v-positive disease were 24 and 9 per cent respectively. Survival in this group was similar to that of @entity0 who had @entity3 with distant @entity1 (M1). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that 14v status was a significant prognostic factor for @entity3 (hazard ratio 2  13; P < 0  001). After histologically complete (R0) resection, the overall survival of 14v-positive @entity0 with any stage of @entity2 was significantly worse than that for 14v-negative @entity0 with stage IV @entity2 (P = 0  006). CONCLUSION: 14v status is an independent prognostic factor for @entity3 , with 14v-positive @entity3 having a poor prognosis, similar to that of M1 disease. The exclusion of 14v in regional lymph node dissection should be considered.

title: Relevance of lymph node XXXX along the superior mesenteric vein in @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND Use of a low tidal volume (V(T)) strategy in the treatment of acute @entity1 can lead to a decrease in oxygenation. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a recruitment maneuver (RM) in this setting. METHODS: Twelve @entity0 with acute @entity1 were studied within 48 hours of diagnosis. Baseline gas exchange, hemodynamics, and respiratory mechanics were determined and @entity0 were placed on a V(T) of 6 mL/kg. Measurements were repeated and an RM of 30 cm H20 for 40 seconds was performed. Measurements were repeated at 30 minutes and 2 hours post-RM. RESULTS: Decreasing V(T) resulted in a decrease in arterial oxygenation (from 91 +/- 9 mm Hg to 75 +/- 9 mm Hg, p < 0.01), an increase in shunt (from 19 +/- 3.7% to 23 +/- 5%, p < 0.01), and a decrease in lung compliance (from 37 mL/cm @entity2 to 33 mL/cm @entity2 , < 0.05). At 30 minutes post-RM, oxygenation improved to 99 +/- 16 mm Hg, shunt decreased to 17 +/- 3%, and lung compliance improved to 39 mL/cm @entity2 (p < 0.05). Two hours later, oxygenation fell (86 +/- 12 mm Hg), shunt increased (20 +/- 3%), and compliance diminished (36 mL/cm @entity2 ). There were no hemodynamic or barotraumatic complications. CONCLUSION: An RM transiently improves gas exchange during low V(T)ventilation. RMs are well tolerated and no hemodynamic consequences were seen.

title: Influence of low tidal volumes on gas exchange in acute XXXX and the role of recruitment maneuvers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Platelet counts and several clotting parameters, especially @entity2 , alpha 2-antiplasmin, and plasminogen, were determined in 33 @entity0 undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Except for Factors VIII and XI, all activities measured fell significantly as the @entity0 were placed on the pump. This initial drop paralleled the drop in hematocrit, i.e., the drop was most likely due to hemodilution. During the entire procedure the activities remained decreased, again paralleling the hematocrit. Only the drop in platelet counts was greater than the hematocrit, suggesting additional consumption during bypass. In the ICU a second significant drop in @entity2 , prothrombin, and Factor V was noted that was not reflected by a drop in hematocrit. The cause for this is not known at this time. Although the @entity0 with the lowest @entity2 levels, compared to the highest levels in the ICU seemed to have a greater need for protamine and blood and had greater chest tube drainage, none of these changes were significantly different. Comparisons between activated clotting times (ACTs) and actual heparin levels revealed a good correlation (0.886). Good correlations were also noted when manual factor assays were compared with automated assays using an automated analyzer suggesting the potential use of automation and profiling for these @entity0 . Possible reasons for some of the most commonly encountered @entity1 are discussed.

title: Changes in XXXX , antiplasmin, and plasminogen during and after cardiopulmonary bypass.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 is a @entity1 commonly seen early after coronary artery bypass grafting, and it increases morbidity. METHODS: To investigate the effectiveness of @entity4 in the prophylaxis of @entity3 , we conducted a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study on 200 consecutive @entity0 in whom we performed elective and initial coronary artery bypass grafting operations. In each group 50% of @entity0 underwent beating-heart operations. In the treatment group 100 @entity0 (76 @entity0 and 24 @entity0 ; mean age, 57.63 +/- 9.68 years) received 24.34 mEq (3 g) of @entity4 in 100 mL of saline solution that was administered over 2 hours (50 mL/h) preoperatively, perioperatively, and at postoperative days 0, 1, 2, and 3. In the control group 100 @entity0 (74 @entity0 and 26 @entity0 ; mean age, 59.96 +/- 9.29 years) received only 100 mL of saline solution according to the same administration schedule as the treatment group. RESULTS: @entity3 developed in 15 @entity0 from the treatment group and in 16 @entity0 from the control group. The @entity2 developed after 37.87 +/- 12.76 and 45.26 +/- 15.27 hours in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Although a significant relationship was found between low @entity4 levels and increased incidence of @entity3 (P <.05), when the incidence of postoperative @entity3 is concerned, no significant difference was found between the 2 groups (P >.05). Also, no significant difference was found between operations with cardiopulmonary bypass and beating-heart operations in terms of @entity3 incidence (P >.05). However, @entity3 extended the duration of hospital stay in both groups (P <.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that @entity4 infusion alone is not sufficient for the prophylaxis of @entity3 .

title: Intravenous @entity4 prophylaxis for XXXX after coronary artery bypass surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 is a @entity1 commonly seen early after coronary artery bypass grafting, and it increases morbidity. METHODS: To investigate the effectiveness of @entity4 in the prophylaxis of @entity3 , we conducted a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study on 200 consecutive @entity0 in whom we performed elective and initial coronary artery bypass grafting operations. In each group 50% of @entity0 underwent beating-heart operations. In the treatment group 100 @entity0 (76 @entity0 and 24 @entity0 ; mean age, 57.63 +/- 9.68 years) received 24.34 mEq (3 g) of @entity4 in 100 mL of saline solution that was administered over 2 hours (50 mL/h) preoperatively, perioperatively, and at postoperative days 0, 1, 2, and 3. In the control group 100 @entity0 (74 @entity0 and 26 @entity0 ; mean age, 59.96 +/- 9.29 years) received only 100 mL of saline solution according to the same administration schedule as the treatment group. RESULTS: @entity3 developed in 15 @entity0 from the treatment group and in 16 @entity0 from the control group. The @entity2 developed after 37.87 +/- 12.76 and 45.26 +/- 15.27 hours in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Although a significant relationship was found between low @entity4 levels and increased incidence of @entity3 (P <.05), when the incidence of postoperative @entity3 is concerned, no significant difference was found between the 2 groups (P >.05). Also, no significant difference was found between operations with cardiopulmonary bypass and beating-heart operations in terms of @entity3 incidence (P >.05). However, @entity3 extended the duration of hospital stay in both groups (P <.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that @entity4 infusion alone is not sufficient for the prophylaxis of @entity3 .

title: Intravenous XXXX prophylaxis for @entity3 after coronary artery bypass surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Treatment of lymph node negative (N0) @entity2 has raised numerous controversy for decades. Prevention is one of the oldest axioms in medicine. On the other hand, overtreatment can cause unnecessary harm to @entity0 . This retrospective study was performed in 206 @entity0 having @entity1 with clinically node-negative (N0) necks. The aim of this assessment is to deal with the diagnosis, predictive factors and surgical therapy of occult metastases of @entity3 originating from the glottic region. The examinations were performed in three phases. Preoperative clinical, histological - and in selective cases - imaging were carried out to separate high-risk @entity0 . Intraoperative cases of open surgery after U-shaped skin preparation up to the hyoid bone with direct inspection of jugular lymph node chain (JLNCh) where the neck was staged. The enlarged suspicious nodes were submitted for immediate frozen section. The types of neck dissection were based on the size, shape, number and histological diagnosis of regional nodes. The postoperative additional management was decided according to the results of definitive pathological findings from serial sections of the dissected specimen. Endolaryngeal LASER surgery was carried out in 87 @entity0 based on clinical, histological and imaging criteria. In the course of two years follow-up 2 occult metastases became clinically apparent. At 119 cases open surgery were performed. In 51 @entity0 we could not see enlarged lymph nodes (N< 2 mm) with direct examination, and thus the JLNCh remained intact. In 68 @entity0 elective neck dissections (END) were carried out. In cases of extracapsular spread (ECS) and/or multiple nodal involvements additional radiotherapy was given.

title: Considerations in the treatment of the node-negative (N0) neck in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of @entity3 + T cell and macrophage peritumoral infiltration in @entity0 with @entity2 . A total of 97 @entity4 of the colon and rectum were examined. Immunohistochemical staining was performed by the standard avidin- @entity6 -peroxidase complex method using antibodies to @entity3 and @entity5 . Peritumoral infiltration by @entity3 + T cells or macrophages was evaluated along the invasive margin of the @entity1 in each specimen. The area with the most abundant infiltration was selected, and the number of immunoreactive positive cells counted at x400 magnification. @entity0 were divided into two groups based on the degree of infiltration by each cell type: namely those with a high level of infiltration (more than the mean number of positive cells) and those with a low level of infiltration (less than the mean number of positive cells). @entity0 with a low level of macrophage infiltration had a significantly deeper depth of invasion than @entity0 with a high level of macrophage infiltration (P=0.027). The percentage of @entity0 with a high level of macrophage infiltration was significantly higher in vascular invasion-negative cases (46.7%) than in vascular invasion-positive cases (22.7%; P=0.045), and in lymph node metastasis-negative cases (52.9%) than in lymph node metastasis-positive cases (28.3%; P=0.014). Overall survival was significantly shorter for @entity0 with a low level of @entity3 + T cell infiltration than those with a high level of @entity3 + T cell infiltration (P=0.01). The survival rate for @entity0 with a high level of both @entity3 + T cell and macrophage infiltration was 100%. In conclusion, both @entity3 + T cell and macrophage peritumoral infiltration indicates anti-tumoral action in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Prognostic significance of @entity3 + T cell and macrophage peritumoral infiltration in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of @entity3 + T cell and macrophage peritumoral infiltration in @entity0 with @entity2 . A total of 97 @entity4 of the colon and rectum were examined. Immunohistochemical staining was performed by the standard avidin- @entity6 -peroxidase complex method using antibodies to @entity3 and @entity5 . Peritumoral infiltration by @entity3 + T cells or macrophages was evaluated along the invasive margin of the @entity1 in each specimen. The area with the most abundant infiltration was selected, and the number of immunoreactive positive cells counted at x400 magnification. @entity0 were divided into two groups based on the degree of infiltration by each cell type: namely those with a high level of infiltration (more than the mean number of positive cells) and those with a low level of infiltration (less than the mean number of positive cells). @entity0 with a low level of macrophage infiltration had a significantly deeper depth of invasion than @entity0 with a high level of macrophage infiltration (P=0.027). The percentage of @entity0 with a high level of macrophage infiltration was significantly higher in vascular invasion-negative cases (46.7%) than in vascular invasion-positive cases (22.7%; P=0.045), and in lymph node metastasis-negative cases (52.9%) than in lymph node metastasis-positive cases (28.3%; P=0.014). Overall survival was significantly shorter for @entity0 with a low level of @entity3 + T cell infiltration than those with a high level of @entity3 + T cell infiltration (P=0.01). The survival rate for @entity0 with a high level of both @entity3 + T cell and macrophage infiltration was 100%. In conclusion, both @entity3 + T cell and macrophage peritumoral infiltration indicates anti-tumoral action in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Prognostic significance of XXXX + T cell and macrophage peritumoral infiltration in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Recent studies have elucidated that @entity6 is strongly related to @entity1 progression or development by means of its anti-apoptotic effect, enhancement of angiogenesis or decrease of cell-to-cell adhesive activity. However, there is no report on the relationship between @entity6 expression and angiogenesis in pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM). We examined the correlation between the overexpression of @entity6 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in 65 lesions from 30 @entity0 with PBM immunohistochemically. The positive expression of @entity6 was found in 20% of regenerative epithelium, 11.1% of @entity5 without atypia, 86.4% of @entity5 with mild atypia, 75% of @entity4 , and 75% of @entity1 . @entity2 was highly expressed in 80% of regenerative epithelium, 27.8% of @entity5 without atypia, 86.4% of @entity5 with mild atypia, 66.7% of @entity4 , and 75% of @entity1 . The positive rate of both @entity6 and VEFG expression was significantly higher in @entity5 with atypia, @entity4 and @entity1 than that in @entity5 without atypia. In addition, there was a statistically significant correlation between @entity6 and @entity2 overexpression among all lesions. In 6 of 8 @entity0 of various histological types, both @entity6 and @entity2 were stained in almost exactly the same locations. In addition, there were no significant differences between the degree of @entity3 in the surrounding stroma and the expression of @entity6 and @entity2 , respectively. These results demonstrated a strong relationship between @entity6 and @entity2 overexpression in PBM. Therefore, chemoprevention via the suppression of angiogenesis by means of @entity6 inhibitor may be effective in PBM.

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 and XXXX in pancreaticobiliary maljunction.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 30 @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity2 , treated during a three-year period in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital, were studied in retrospect. Twelve @entity0 had received bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantations 90 +/- 143 (10 - 546) days prior to ICU admission. Six of these received @entity3 . 19 of 30 @entity0 were on @entity4 and 20 had received courses of chemotherapy within a period of one month prior to ICU admission. @entity0 presented with signs of @entity5 and @entity7 . In 24 @entity0 the likely causative pathogen for @entity2 could be identified. Gram-negative bacteria (n = 17) were in the majority, lead by Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and @entity10 species. Gram-positive bacteria (n = 5) were Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. Infections with Chlamydiae species were diagnosed in two cases. @entity6 were caused by Candida (n = 8) or Aspergillus species (n = 3) and @entity8 by @entity9 (n = 6). Infections with more than one pathogen were common. Ten @entity0 had @entity2 associated with signs of diffuse pulmonary parenchymal damage of varying degree. 26 @entity0 received mechanical ventilation for 7 +/- 9 (1 - 32) days. The duration of stay in the ICU was 11 +/- 10 (1 - 43) days. 26 of the 30 @entity0 (87 %) died. @entity0 with haematological @entity1 and @entity2 have despite medical intensive care treatment a poor prognosis with substantial mortality.

title: [ XXXX in haematological @entity1 in the medical intensive care unit].

answer: @entity2


abstract: 30 @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity2 , treated during a three-year period in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital, were studied in retrospect. Twelve @entity0 had received bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantations 90 +/- 143 (10 - 546) days prior to ICU admission. Six of these received @entity3 . 19 of 30 @entity0 were on @entity4 and 20 had received courses of chemotherapy within a period of one month prior to ICU admission. @entity0 presented with signs of @entity5 and @entity7 . In 24 @entity0 the likely causative pathogen for @entity2 could be identified. Gram-negative bacteria (n = 17) were in the majority, lead by Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and @entity10 species. Gram-positive bacteria (n = 5) were Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. Infections with Chlamydiae species were diagnosed in two cases. @entity6 were caused by Candida (n = 8) or Aspergillus species (n = 3) and @entity8 by @entity9 (n = 6). Infections with more than one pathogen were common. Ten @entity0 had @entity2 associated with signs of diffuse pulmonary parenchymal damage of varying degree. 26 @entity0 received mechanical ventilation for 7 +/- 9 (1 - 32) days. The duration of stay in the ICU was 11 +/- 10 (1 - 43) days. 26 of the 30 @entity0 (87 %) died. @entity0 with haematological @entity1 and @entity2 have despite medical intensive care treatment a poor prognosis with substantial mortality.

title: [ @entity2 in haematological XXXX in the medical intensive care unit].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is the fourth leading cause of @entity2 in the United States, and it accounts for approximately 500,000 hospitalizations for exacerbations each year. New definitions of acute @entity7 have been suggested, but the one used by Anthonisen et al. is still widely accepted. It requires the presence of one or more of the following findings: increase in sputum purulence, increase in sputum volume, and worsening of @entity9 . @entity0 with @entity7 typically present with acute decompensation of their disease one to three times a year, and 3% to 16% of these will require hospital admission. Hospital mortality of these admissions ranges from 3% to 10% in severe @entity7 @entity0 , and it is much higher for @entity0 requiring ICU admission. The etiology of the exacerbations is mainly infectious (up to 80%). Other conditions such as @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity4 , and pneumothorax can mimic an acute exacerbation or possibly act as "triggers." Baseline chest radiography and arterial blood gas analysis during an exacerbation are recommended. @entity1 administration through a venturi mask seems to be appropriate and safe, and the @entity1 saturation should be kept just above 90%. Either a short acting @entity10 -agonist or an anticholinergic is the preferred bronchodilator agent. The choice between the two depends largely on potential undesirable side effects and the @entity0 's @entity5 . Adding a second bronchodilator to the first one does not seem to offer much benefit. The evidence suggests similar benefit of MDIs when compared with nebulized treatment for bronchodilator delivery. If MDIs are to be used, spacer devices are recommended. @entity3 do improve several outcomes during an acute @entity7 , and a 10- to 14-day course seems appropriate. Antibiotic use has been shown to be beneficial, especially for @entity0 with severe exacerbation. Changes in bacteria strains have been documented during exacerbations, and newer generations of antibiotics might offer a better response rate. There is no role for mucolytic agents or chest physiotherapy in the acute exacerbation setting. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation might benefit a group of @entity0 with rapid decline in respiratory function and gas exchange. It has the potential to decrease the need for intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation and possibly decrease in-hospital mortality.

title: Evidence-based approach to acute exacerbations of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of ventricular contractile reserve by @entity3 stress echocardiography (DSE) may be a powerful tool for detection of subclinical @entity2 , however, the hemodynamic dose-response relationship during DSE in @entity0 has not been established. METHODS: To characterize changes in hemodynamics and ventricular contractility during DSE in @entity0 , 26 @entity0 (age 8.3 +/- 4.8 years; 17 male/9 female) with normal resting left-ventricular function underwent DSE. @entity0 with abnormal wall motion at rest or during DSE, or rejection were excluded. Left ventricular M-mode echocardiography and carotid pulse tracings were obtained at each stage for calculation of shortening fraction, velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCFc), and end-systolic @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Contractility was expressed as the difference between actual and predicted VCFc for measured @entity4 . Dose-response curves for shortening fraction, VCFc, @entity4 , and contractility (the difference between actual and predicted VCFc for measured @entity4 ) were obtained. RESULTS: Stepwise changes in contractility, systolic blood pressure, @entity4 , and left ventricular shortening fraction were observed at doses up to, but not beyond, 20 microg/kg/min. Increases in double product were observed at doses up to 30 microg/kg/min. CONCLUSIONS: DSE at a @entity3 dose of 20 microg/kg/min is optimal to fully assess contractile reserve in @entity0 . Lesser doses may provide insufficient stress, whereas higher doses may incur unnecessary increases in myocardial @entity1 consumption and side effects.

title: Moderate-dose XXXX maximizes left ventricular contractile response during @entity3 stress echocardiography in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of ventricular contractile reserve by @entity3 stress echocardiography (DSE) may be a powerful tool for detection of subclinical @entity2 , however, the hemodynamic dose-response relationship during DSE in @entity0 has not been established. METHODS: To characterize changes in hemodynamics and ventricular contractility during DSE in @entity0 , 26 @entity0 (age 8.3 +/- 4.8 years; 17 male/9 female) with normal resting left-ventricular function underwent DSE. @entity0 with abnormal wall motion at rest or during DSE, or rejection were excluded. Left ventricular M-mode echocardiography and carotid pulse tracings were obtained at each stage for calculation of shortening fraction, velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCFc), and end-systolic @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Contractility was expressed as the difference between actual and predicted VCFc for measured @entity4 . Dose-response curves for shortening fraction, VCFc, @entity4 , and contractility (the difference between actual and predicted VCFc for measured @entity4 ) were obtained. RESULTS: Stepwise changes in contractility, systolic blood pressure, @entity4 , and left ventricular shortening fraction were observed at doses up to, but not beyond, 20 microg/kg/min. Increases in double product were observed at doses up to 30 microg/kg/min. CONCLUSIONS: DSE at a @entity3 dose of 20 microg/kg/min is optimal to fully assess contractile reserve in @entity0 . Lesser doses may provide insufficient stress, whereas higher doses may incur unnecessary increases in myocardial @entity1 consumption and side effects.

title: Moderate-dose @entity3 maximizes left ventricular contractile response during XXXX stress echocardiography in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of ventricular contractile reserve by @entity3 stress echocardiography (DSE) may be a powerful tool for detection of subclinical @entity2 , however, the hemodynamic dose-response relationship during DSE in @entity0 has not been established. METHODS: To characterize changes in hemodynamics and ventricular contractility during DSE in @entity0 , 26 @entity0 (age 8.3 +/- 4.8 years; 17 male/9 female) with normal resting left-ventricular function underwent DSE. @entity0 with abnormal wall motion at rest or during DSE, or rejection were excluded. Left ventricular M-mode echocardiography and carotid pulse tracings were obtained at each stage for calculation of shortening fraction, velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCFc), and end-systolic @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Contractility was expressed as the difference between actual and predicted VCFc for measured @entity4 . Dose-response curves for shortening fraction, VCFc, @entity4 , and contractility (the difference between actual and predicted VCFc for measured @entity4 ) were obtained. RESULTS: Stepwise changes in contractility, systolic blood pressure, @entity4 , and left ventricular shortening fraction were observed at doses up to, but not beyond, 20 microg/kg/min. Increases in double product were observed at doses up to 30 microg/kg/min. CONCLUSIONS: DSE at a @entity3 dose of 20 microg/kg/min is optimal to fully assess contractile reserve in @entity0 . Lesser doses may provide insufficient stress, whereas higher doses may incur unnecessary increases in myocardial @entity1 consumption and side effects.

title: Moderate-dose @entity3 maximizes left ventricular contractile response during @entity3 stress echocardiography in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have prospectively evaluated the cutaneous manifestations of @entity9 in thirty-five @entity0 treated with horse antithymocyte globulin for @entity6 . Twenty-one @entity0 (21/35) were treated with antithymocyte globulin (15 mg/kg/day) for 10 days, and fourteen of thirty-five @entity0 were treated with antithymocyte globulin (15 mg/kg/day) for 14 days and then every other day for an additional 14 days. Clinical evidence of @entity9 developed in thirty @entity0 and included @entity3 (100%), @entity2 (93%), @entity8 and @entity5 (67%), @entity4 (67%), and @entity7 (13%). Cutaneous findings consisted of morbilliform eruptions (n = 19), @entity1 (n = 1), or a combination of these two reaction patterns (n = 8). Cutaneous manifestations of @entity9 began on day 7 +/- 1 and lasted for 12 +/- 2 days for the group as a whole. Biopsies of lesional skin revealed mild perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrates by light microscopy in these leukopenic @entity0 . Direct immunofluorescence microscopy of lesional skin from patients with @entity9 demonstrated immunoreactants in seven of nine subjects (78%). Immunoreactants were confined to the walls of dermal blood vessels and consisted of IgM (7/9), C3 (6/9), IgE (5/9), and IgA (4/9). IgG (horse or @entity0 ) was not identified in any of these specimens. Twenty-one @entity0 (21/28) also developed an @entity2 on the sides of the fingers, toes, palms, and soles 12 to 48 hours prior to their morbilliform eruption. This study describes the cutaneous manifestations of human @entity9 occurring during therapy with horse antithymocyte globulin, documents a cutaneous sign of @entity9 , and suggests that the @entity2 associated with human @entity9 are immunologically mediated.

title: Cutaneous manifestations of XXXX in patients receiving antithymocyte globulin.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of mechanical on electrical remodeling or electrical instability of the heart shows that it is essential for the prevention of @entity5 to avoid or delay mechanical remodeling and neurohumoral activation after @entity2 . In other words, @entity0 after @entity2 prone to neurohumoral activation need to be treated with ACE inhibitors or perhaps AT1-receptor blockers and beta blockers to maintain electrical stability. @entity3 INDICATION: MADIT I and MUSTT study showed that @entity0 with severe @entity1 after @entity2 are at high risk of @entity5 , especially in presence of electrical instabilities indicated by @entity4 . These @entity0 certainly need an @entity3 ( @entity3 ). It is not clear so far whether or not the indication needs to be extended according to the MADIT II study. In other words, need all @entity6 @entity0 with reduced pump function an @entity3 ? There is no doubt that many @entity0 with an ejection fraction below 30% have @entity4 and fulfil therefore the inclusion criteria for the MADIT I or MUSTT study. In MADIT I, a run of three @entity7 force was sufficient to fulfil the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSION: Another important consequence of the temporal correlation between mechanical and electrical remodeling is that specific attention must be directed to these interrelations in @entity0 after @entity2 . @entity0 who die of @entity5 in comparison to surviving @entity0 a substantial dilatation of the left ventricular during 6 months of observation which parallel the increasing incidence of @entity7 . The consequence for therapy would be that in @entity0 who present with @entity8 during 6 months after @entity2 , electrical instability is present and a high risk of @entity5 exists. These @entity0 probably will benefit from an @entity3 .

title: [ XXXX during remodeling after @entity2 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of mechanical on electrical remodeling or electrical instability of the heart shows that it is essential for the prevention of @entity5 to avoid or delay mechanical remodeling and neurohumoral activation after @entity2 . In other words, @entity0 after @entity2 prone to neurohumoral activation need to be treated with ACE inhibitors or perhaps AT1-receptor blockers and beta blockers to maintain electrical stability. @entity3 INDICATION: MADIT I and MUSTT study showed that @entity0 with severe @entity1 after @entity2 are at high risk of @entity5 , especially in presence of electrical instabilities indicated by @entity4 . These @entity0 certainly need an @entity3 ( @entity3 ). It is not clear so far whether or not the indication needs to be extended according to the MADIT II study. In other words, need all @entity6 @entity0 with reduced pump function an @entity3 ? There is no doubt that many @entity0 with an ejection fraction below 30% have @entity4 and fulfil therefore the inclusion criteria for the MADIT I or MUSTT study. In MADIT I, a run of three @entity7 force was sufficient to fulfil the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSION: Another important consequence of the temporal correlation between mechanical and electrical remodeling is that specific attention must be directed to these interrelations in @entity0 after @entity2 . @entity0 who die of @entity5 in comparison to surviving @entity0 a substantial dilatation of the left ventricular during 6 months of observation which parallel the increasing incidence of @entity7 . The consequence for therapy would be that in @entity0 who present with @entity8 during 6 months after @entity2 , electrical instability is present and a high risk of @entity5 exists. These @entity0 probably will benefit from an @entity3 .

title: [ @entity4 during remodeling after XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Coronary angiography permits evaluation of coronary artery morphology and coronary pathology. It represents an accurate method of defining stenotic coronary lesions. @entity4 may be caused by @entity3 as well as by other @entity1 . However, sensitivity of clinical evaluation and noninvasive diagnostic assessment in detection of @entity3 is limited. Noninvasive diagnostic strategies give inconsistent results in about 10-30%. Here coronary angiography is regarded as an accurate method for appropriate diagnosis. Ist sophisticated apparatus, cost, and invasiveness necessitate well-considered application of this procedure. Therefore, it appears important to analyze coronary angiograms in @entity0 with the referral diagnosis of "atypical" @entity4 with inconsistent noninvasive testing or impossibility to perform noninvasive assessment. @entity0 AND METHODS: We analyzed records of 1,000 consecutive @entity0 (625 @entity0 , 375 @entity0 , mean age 63.1 years), who underwent coronary angiography at our institution from January 5, 1998 to May 5, 1998. RESULTS: 49 @entity0 (17 @entity0 , 32 @entity0 ; mean age 59 years) were referred due to "atypical" @entity4 . 21 (42.9%, nine @entity0 , twelve @entity0 ) of these 49 @entity0 had normal coronary arteries at angiography. 21 (42.9%) @entity0 showed @entity3 with a diameter stenosis > 50%. In seven (14.2%) @entity0 , @entity2 with a diameter stenosis < 50% could be observed. Only five (29.4%) of the 17 @entity0 but 16 of the 32 @entity0 (50%) had @entity3 with a diameter stenosis > 50% (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In unselected @entity0 referred for coronary angiography due to "atypical" @entity4 and inconsistent noninvasive testing or impossibility to perform noninvasive assessment. 42.9% had @entity3 with a diameter stenosis > 50%. Angiographic evaluation of symptomatic @entity0 with "atypical" signs and symptoms and inconsistent noninvasive testing seems to be appropriate.

title: [Angiographic results of "atypical" XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors present their experience in the laparoscopic management of @entity2 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: Between January 1996 and January 2002, 16 @entity0 underwent laparoscopic liver surgery. Indications were solitary giant cysts (n = 10) and @entity4 (n = 6). Data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS: Laparoscopic fenestration was completed in 15 @entity0 . Median operative time was 80 min. There was no deaths. Complications occurred in four @entity0 : one @entity0 with a solitary @entity1 experienced @entity3 , while a @entity7 , a @entity5 from the trocar-insertion site, and @entity6 occurred in three @entity0 with @entity4 . Median follow-up was 34 months. There was one asymptomatic recurrence (11%) in one @entity0 with a solitary cyst. Two @entity0 with @entity4 had a symptomatic recurrence of a @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic fenestration could be the preferred treatment of solitary liver cysts and @entity4 . Adequate selection of @entity0 and type of cystic liver together with a meticulous surgical technique are recommended.

title: Laparoscopic treatment of simple XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors present their experience in the laparoscopic management of @entity2 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: Between January 1996 and January 2002, 16 @entity0 underwent laparoscopic liver surgery. Indications were solitary giant cysts (n = 10) and @entity4 (n = 6). Data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS: Laparoscopic fenestration was completed in 15 @entity0 . Median operative time was 80 min. There was no deaths. Complications occurred in four @entity0 : one @entity0 with a solitary @entity1 experienced @entity3 , while a @entity7 , a @entity5 from the trocar-insertion site, and @entity6 occurred in three @entity0 with @entity4 . Median follow-up was 34 months. There was one asymptomatic recurrence (11%) in one @entity0 with a solitary cyst. Two @entity0 with @entity4 had a symptomatic recurrence of a @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic fenestration could be the preferred treatment of solitary liver cysts and @entity4 . Adequate selection of @entity0 and type of cystic liver together with a meticulous surgical technique are recommended.

title: Laparoscopic treatment of simple @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: This report concerns a Japanese family with neuropathological findings consistent with @entity5 / @entity4 - @entity3 complex ( @entity7 /PDC) in the Island of Guam. The proband was a 68-year-old @entity0 with an 8-year history of @entity4 which was followed by @entity1 symptoms and @entity9 5 years after the onset. She had a family history of @entity4 associated with @entity3 in all of her three siblings. They grew up in the Hobara village, a focus of @entity5 in the Kii Peninsula of Japan in their childhood. Their parents were not consanguineous nor natives of the Kii Peninsula. The brain weight was 1040 g and there were mild frontal lobe @entity2 , moderate @entity2 of pes hippocampi, decoloration of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus, and @entity2 of the anterior root of the spinal cord. The microscopic examinations revealed degeneration of @entity6 portion of the hippocampus to the parahippocampus gyrus, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus and spinal anterior horn with Bunina bodies. The spinal pyramidal tracts also mildly degenerated. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) were observed in the cerebral cortex, especially in the cortices from hippocampus to lateral occipitotemporal gyri, basal nucleus of Mynert, basal ganglia, thalamus, substantia nigra and widespread regions of the central nervous system through the brainstem to spinal cord including the nucleus of Onufrowitcz. In spite of a small amount of the senile plaques in the cerebral cortex and Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus, abundant @entity8 were distributed mainly in the third layer of the cerebral cortex, which is the characteristic feature of @entity7 /PDC. Thus, this was likely to be an @entity7 /PDC case outside the Guam Island. A tau mutation was not found on DNA analysis.

title: A clinical and pathological study of a Japanese case of XXXX /Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex with family history.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The annual rate at which @entity0 defaulted from follow up at the Wolverhampton @entity1 clinic between 1971 and 1981 was 4.1% overall and 3.5% in white @entity0 . In 1982 a study was started to discover what happened to white @entity0 , born after 1919, who defaulted from the hospital clinic. There were 162 defaulters, of whom 19 had died. Of the remaining 143 @entity0 , 19 were attending another hospital @entity1 clinic, 22 had moved out of the area, and 28 refused to participate in the study. Seventy four agreed to participate: 39 were treated with diet, 15 with oral hypoglycaemic agents, and 20 with insulin. They were matched for sex, age, treatment, and duration of @entity1 with @entity0 attending the clinic. Non-insulin dependent defaulters were significantly more overweight at diagnosis (40% v 25%; p less than 0.05) and remained more @entity3 . They developed significantly higher diastolic blood pressure (94 v 86 mm Hg; p less than 0.02) and higher @entity5 ( @entity5 ) concentrations (11.7% v 8.4%; p less than 0.01). They had significantly more @entity2 at reassessment (15 v 6 out of 54; p less than 0.05) and a greater incidence of new @entity4 (p less than 0.02), which correlated with their higher diastolic blood pressures (p less than 0.01) and @entity5 concentration (p less than 0.02). In defaulters who were treated with insulin only the prevalence of @entity2 was significantly different from that in controls (p less than 0.05). Defaulters received minimal medical supervision and suffered greater morbidity than regular attenders at the clinic.

title: What happens to defaulters from a XXXX clinic?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Nowadays, the chemoradiotherapeutic protocols for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) achieve high curability rates. Hemato-oncologists focus on both avoiding medical and psychological sequelae of the treatment and returning @entity0 to a normal life. The quality of life and psychological well-being of Spanish @entity0 who are long-term survivors of @entity4 were studied and compared to the results obtained from healthy controls. Questionnaires on quality of life [European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity1 (EORTC) QLQ30] and psychological status [hospital @entity2 and @entity3 (HAD) scale] were mailed to @entity4 @entity0 without active disease and free of second @entity1 and were also given to healthy controls. Of 67 selected @entity0 (68.6%), 46 were included in this study. The median follow-up for these 46 @entity0 was of 7.6 years (0.8-22.1) after being diagnosed. Although there were no differences between @entity0 and controls with regard to their global state of health and quality of life (72.9+/-22.7 vs 79.3+/-18.7; p=0.22), @entity0 presented a lower physical function (88.2+/-18.1 vs 96.5+/-9.7; p=0.05) and a worse social operation scale (81.5+/-25.4 vs 96.3+/-13.1; p= 0.0015) together with higher symptoms of @entity5 (8.6+/-14.7 vs 0+/-0; p=0.03) and higher economic difficulties (23.1+/-38.3 vs 0.7+/-4.9; p=0.017) when compared with healthy controls. However, we did not find differences in the scores and the proportion of cases of @entity2 and @entity3 between the two groups. The quality of life questionnaire disclosed differences between @entity0 and controls in some functional and symptomatic scales. These differences can be read as a consequence of either the disease itself or the treatment received. However, the results of this controlled pilot study should be confirmed in a larger series of Spanish @entity4 survivors. In the future, these results could be a reference when new therapeutic protocols are designed to reduce the impact on the quality of life of the @entity0 . Socioeconomic support to the @entity0 should also be provided in order to improve their medical care.

title: Quality of life and psychological well-being in Spanish long-term survivors of XXXX : results of a controlled pilot study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: To determine the effectiveness of precleansing with @entity2 - @entity3 in reducing the contamination rate of bagged urine specimens, 62 @entity0 admitted to a @entity0 's hospital were randomly assigned to either receive (32 @entity0 ) or not receive (30) cleansing before bag application. Perimeatal swabs were taken before bag application and, in the treated group, after cleansing. Of the specimens from the treated group 69% were found to be contaminated, compared with 73% of those from the no-cleansing group. @entity1 was ineffective in eliminating the perimeatal flora in 75% of the @entity0 . The same organisms were present on the perimeatal swab and in the urine specimen in 95% of the @entity0 in the treated group and 96% of those in the no-cleansing group. To estimate the contamination rate of urine specimens routinely cultured in the laboratory, 200 consecutive specimens (142 midstream and 58 bagged) were cultured. The contamination rate of the midstream urine specimens was 15%, compared with 66% for the bagged specimens. The cost of laboratory processing of contaminated bagged urine specimens at the hospital in 1983 may have been as high as  13 365. @entity1 cleansing does not appear to be cost-effective. Further randomized controlled studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of other cleansing agents in reducing the contamination rate of bagged urine specimens.

title: Efficacy of XXXX cleansing in reducing contamination of bagged urine specimens.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The anticancer effects of @entity3 , tegafur and their combination were experimentally compared in @entity1 on the @entity4 ( @entity5 )-induced @entity2 . DMH at 20 mg/kg of body weight was injected subcutaneously to Donryu @entity1 once a week for 24 weeks long. Nineteen weeks after the start of DMH administration, early @entity2 were induced and, 28 weeks after, they developed into advanced @entity0 with distant metastases. From 19 weeks after the start of DMH injection, subcutaneous administration of @entity3 at the dose of 2 mg/kg, oral administration of tegafur at 90 mg/kg and their combination were given to the @entity1 daily for nine weeks. The animals were sacrificed 28 weeks after the start of DMH administration. Tegafur was effective, but @entity3 with or without tegafur was not effective against @entity0 . From 28 weeks after the start of DMH injection, @entity3 , tegafur and their combination were administered to the @entity1 daily for four weeks. All of the @entity1 were necropsied when they died. The survival rate and mean survival days were significantly higher and longer in the @entity3 groups than in the control @entity1 (p less than 0.05). The incidence of distant metastases was also significantly lower in the @entity3 groups than in the control group.

title: Longer survival and fewer metastases by XXXX and tegafur in @entity4 -induced murine @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The anticancer effects of @entity3 , tegafur and their combination were experimentally compared in @entity1 on the @entity4 ( @entity5 )-induced @entity2 . DMH at 20 mg/kg of body weight was injected subcutaneously to Donryu @entity1 once a week for 24 weeks long. Nineteen weeks after the start of DMH administration, early @entity2 were induced and, 28 weeks after, they developed into advanced @entity0 with distant metastases. From 19 weeks after the start of DMH injection, subcutaneous administration of @entity3 at the dose of 2 mg/kg, oral administration of tegafur at 90 mg/kg and their combination were given to the @entity1 daily for nine weeks. The animals were sacrificed 28 weeks after the start of DMH administration. Tegafur was effective, but @entity3 with or without tegafur was not effective against @entity0 . From 28 weeks after the start of DMH injection, @entity3 , tegafur and their combination were administered to the @entity1 daily for four weeks. All of the @entity1 were necropsied when they died. The survival rate and mean survival days were significantly higher and longer in the @entity3 groups than in the control @entity1 (p less than 0.05). The incidence of distant metastases was also significantly lower in the @entity3 groups than in the control group.

title: Longer survival and fewer metastases by @entity3 and tegafur in @entity4 -induced murine XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The anticancer effects of @entity3 , tegafur and their combination were experimentally compared in @entity1 on the @entity4 ( @entity5 )-induced @entity2 . DMH at 20 mg/kg of body weight was injected subcutaneously to Donryu @entity1 once a week for 24 weeks long. Nineteen weeks after the start of DMH administration, early @entity2 were induced and, 28 weeks after, they developed into advanced @entity0 with distant metastases. From 19 weeks after the start of DMH injection, subcutaneous administration of @entity3 at the dose of 2 mg/kg, oral administration of tegafur at 90 mg/kg and their combination were given to the @entity1 daily for nine weeks. The animals were sacrificed 28 weeks after the start of DMH administration. Tegafur was effective, but @entity3 with or without tegafur was not effective against @entity0 . From 28 weeks after the start of DMH injection, @entity3 , tegafur and their combination were administered to the @entity1 daily for four weeks. All of the @entity1 were necropsied when they died. The survival rate and mean survival days were significantly higher and longer in the @entity3 groups than in the control @entity1 (p less than 0.05). The incidence of distant metastases was also significantly lower in the @entity3 groups than in the control group.

title: Longer survival and fewer metastases by @entity3 and tegafur in XXXX -induced murine @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The authors previously identified plasma @entity3 ( @entity3 ) level as a quantitative @entity1 biomarker in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). They hypothesized that plasma levels of @entity3 used as a quantitative trait could facilitate discovery of genetic loci important in @entity2 pathogenesis. A two-stage cohort study was performed. In stage 1, they tested associations of loci with @entity3 plasma level using linear modeling. Genotyping was performed using the Illumina CVD Bead Chip v2. Loci meeting a p < 5   *   10(-4) cutoff were carried forward and tested in stage 2 for association with @entity2 . Two hundred ninety-seven enrollees were evaluated in stage 1. Six loci, associated with @entity3 , were carried forward to stage 2 and evaluated in 728 @entity0 . @entity5 ( @entity4 [ @entity4 ]) was significantly associated with @entity2 (p   =   0.006). The increased risk of @entity2 for carrying at least one copy of this variant was 11.7% (95% confidence interval 4.9-18.5%). The false-positive rate for individuals with this genotype who did not have @entity2 was 6.1%. Variants in the @entity4 gene are associated with higher circulating @entity3 plasma levels and validate for association with clinical @entity2 . A protein quantitative trait analysis for @entity2 risk prioritizes genetic variations in @entity4 and supports a role for Toll-like receptors in @entity2 pathogenesis.

title: Protein Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis Identifies Genetic Variation in the Innate Immune Regulator XXXX in Post-Lung Transplant Primary Graft Dysfunction Risk.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prenatal @entity4 (PH) is one of the most common stresses on fetuses, and might lead to abnormal brain development. This work investigates whether PH affects behavioral development of the learning/memory ability in the adolescent offspring @entity1 and the underlying molecular basis in the brain. In this study, pregnant @entity1 used to generate PH offspring were treated with @entity4 (10.5% @entity0 ) from gestational day 4 to 21. Brain weights of either the fetuses or the 6-week old offspring in the PH group were found to be significantly lower compared with the control group. Morris water maze tests showed longer escape latency and swimming distance during navigation testing in the PH offspring; Retention tests demonstrated less frequency of crossing target areas indicating @entity3 in the PH offspring. The expressions of subunits of @entity5 receptors (NMDARs), @entity7 / @entity7 , @entity8 / @entity8 , and @entity6 / @entity6 , were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of adolescent offspring in the PH group. @entity9 as well as active form of b-catenin protein were also significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, the expression of early response gene, @entity10 , was significantly reduced. The results above provide new evidence that PH might result in the spatial acquisition and @entity2 in the adolescent offspring, associated with dysregulation of NMDARs-Wnt-Catenin signaling in the hippocampus. This study result deepens the knowledge of the long-term influence of prenatal insults on the neuro-behavioral development.

title: Hippocampal NMDAR-Wnt-Catenin signaling disrupted with @entity3 in adolescent offspring exposed to prenatal XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prenatal @entity4 (PH) is one of the most common stresses on fetuses, and might lead to abnormal brain development. This work investigates whether PH affects behavioral development of the learning/memory ability in the adolescent offspring @entity1 and the underlying molecular basis in the brain. In this study, pregnant @entity1 used to generate PH offspring were treated with @entity4 (10.5% @entity0 ) from gestational day 4 to 21. Brain weights of either the fetuses or the 6-week old offspring in the PH group were found to be significantly lower compared with the control group. Morris water maze tests showed longer escape latency and swimming distance during navigation testing in the PH offspring; Retention tests demonstrated less frequency of crossing target areas indicating @entity3 in the PH offspring. The expressions of subunits of @entity5 receptors (NMDARs), @entity7 / @entity7 , @entity8 / @entity8 , and @entity6 / @entity6 , were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of adolescent offspring in the PH group. @entity9 as well as active form of b-catenin protein were also significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, the expression of early response gene, @entity10 , was significantly reduced. The results above provide new evidence that PH might result in the spatial acquisition and @entity2 in the adolescent offspring, associated with dysregulation of NMDARs-Wnt-Catenin signaling in the hippocampus. This study result deepens the knowledge of the long-term influence of prenatal insults on the neuro-behavioral development.

title: Hippocampal NMDAR-Wnt-Catenin signaling disrupted with XXXX in adolescent offspring exposed to prenatal @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the effect of @entity2 induced by bariatric surgery and intensive lifestyle intervention on levels of circulating high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentrations pre- and 12 months post-intervention in 136 subjects with @entity5 participating in a controlled clinical trial comparing the effect of intensive lifestyle intervention vs. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. At baseline median (interquartile range) high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels were 2.40 (1.28-3.95) ng/L in the bariatric surgery group and 2.35 (1.38-4.40) ng/L in the intensive lifestyle intervention group (p   =   0.736). The high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentration in a normal-weight control group was 0.90 (0.60-2.13) ng/L. During 12 months of follow-up, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I decreased significantly more in the bariatric surgery group than in the intensive lifestyle intervention group (0.80 (0-1.80) vs. 0.15 (-0.50 to 1.00) ng/L; p   =   0.002). In a multivariate logistic regression model, surgery emerged as a predictor of reduction in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels (odds ratio 2.32; 95% confidence intervals 1.03-5.22; p   =   0.041) independent of age, gender and other possible confounding baseline variables. In subsequent multivariate analyses, reductions in body weight and @entity4 emerged as possible mediators of reduction in circulating levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity5 , bariatric surgery was associated with a significantly greater reduction in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, an index of subclinical @entity1 , than intensive lifestyle intervention. The reduction appeared to be mediated by reductions in body weight and serum @entity4 . This suggests that @entity2 following bariatric surgery may reduce cardiometabolic stress and subsequent risk of @entity3 .

title: Effect of @entity2 on subclinical XXXX : A clinical trial comparing gastric bypass surgery and intensive lifestyle intervention.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the effect of @entity2 induced by bariatric surgery and intensive lifestyle intervention on levels of circulating high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentrations pre- and 12 months post-intervention in 136 subjects with @entity5 participating in a controlled clinical trial comparing the effect of intensive lifestyle intervention vs. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. At baseline median (interquartile range) high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels were 2.40 (1.28-3.95) ng/L in the bariatric surgery group and 2.35 (1.38-4.40) ng/L in the intensive lifestyle intervention group (p   =   0.736). The high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentration in a normal-weight control group was 0.90 (0.60-2.13) ng/L. During 12 months of follow-up, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I decreased significantly more in the bariatric surgery group than in the intensive lifestyle intervention group (0.80 (0-1.80) vs. 0.15 (-0.50 to 1.00) ng/L; p   =   0.002). In a multivariate logistic regression model, surgery emerged as a predictor of reduction in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels (odds ratio 2.32; 95% confidence intervals 1.03-5.22; p   =   0.041) independent of age, gender and other possible confounding baseline variables. In subsequent multivariate analyses, reductions in body weight and @entity4 emerged as possible mediators of reduction in circulating levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity5 , bariatric surgery was associated with a significantly greater reduction in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, an index of subclinical @entity1 , than intensive lifestyle intervention. The reduction appeared to be mediated by reductions in body weight and serum @entity4 . This suggests that @entity2 following bariatric surgery may reduce cardiometabolic stress and subsequent risk of @entity3 .

title: Effect of XXXX on subclinical @entity1 : A clinical trial comparing gastric bypass surgery and intensive lifestyle intervention.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: In contrast to the majority of outcome data, many consider C1 @entity3 to be benign injuries and so have advocated for conservative management, except in the case of concomitant transverse atlantal ligament (TAL) injury where C1-C2 or occiput-C2 fusions are recommended. PURPOSE: Our goal was to evaluate a series of unstable C1 @entity3 treated with C1 open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) to assess clinical and radiographic outcomes by determining the success of reduction and @entity2 relief. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This is a retrospective cohort review. @entity0 SAMPLE: The sample includes adult @entity0 with unstable C1 @entity3 treated with open reduction and primary internal fixation. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome measures included visual analog @entity2 scale (VAS), radiographic reduction (lateral mass displacement), maintenance of reduction, C1-C2 instability, and complications. METHODS: A retrospective review of all @entity0 with C1 @entity3 between September 2002 and September 2013 identified 12 consecutive @entity0 from a level I @entity1 center who were treated with primary internal fixation without fusion. Electronic medical records and preoperative and postoperative radiographs were reviewed. The surgical technique consisted of a posterior cervical approach to the C1 arch and open reduction using bilateral C1 lateral mass screws connected transversely with a rod. Pre- and postoperative computed tomography scans were used to assess reduction. Long-term follow-up flexion and extension radiographs were used to assess C1-C2 stability. The authors did not receive relevant funding in relation to this research. RESULTS: Twelve @entity0 underwent C1 ORIF, with a mean age of 43 (9 males and 3 females) and a mean follow-up of 17 months. Transverse atlantal ligament was found to be disrupted with type I or @entity1 in 11 of the 12 @entity0 : 5 type I and 6 type II. Preoperative lateral mass displacement averaged 7.1   mm, with postoperative displacement after reduction averaging 2.4   mm (p-value <.001). The VAS score averaged 0.7 at latest follow-up. No @entity0 went on to develop C1-C2 instability on final flexion-extension films. No @entity0 had a complication that resulted in neurologic @entity4 associated with the procedure. No @entity0 were found to have late sequelae of malunion or loss of reduction. Two surgically related complications occurred, namely one @entity0 with errant screw requiring return to the operating room (OR) and one with @entity5 of the occipital-C1 joint. CONCLUSIONS: Although a small series, early evidence suggests that @entity0 with unstable C1 ring @entity3 can be successfully managed with primary ORIF. Open reduction and internal fixation results in a stable construct that maintains reduction, results in excellent @entity2 control, and does not lead to C1-C2 instability. In our series, we have not observed the presence of TAL injury to adversely affect outcomes, and thus do not believe it is a contraindication to ORIF. Comparative studies comparing internal fixation with non-operative, C1-C2, or occiput-C2 fusions would yield more insight into optimal treatment options for these @entity3 .

title: A retrospective review of fixation of C1 ring XXXX -does the transverse atlantal ligament (TAL) really matter?

answer: @entity3


abstract: The California Public Employees Retirement System (CalPERS) Health Matters program is a randomized controlled trial of a community-based @entity3 program operating in Sacramento, California, since January 2001. It is modeled after the Health Enhancement Program and Senior Wellness Program of Seattle, Washington. Like the Health Enhancement Program, this program incorporates a menu of disability-prevention strategies, with @entity3 , @entity0 education on the self-management of @entity1 , and @entity2 forming the program's core. Unlike the Health Enhancement Program, the Health Matters program focuses as much attention on linking @entity0 to existing community, health plan, and self-directed programming as it does encouraging them to participate in programming developed especially for the project. All @entity0 and controls continue to receive their usual medical care from their managed care providers. Eligibility criteria for the program include having one or more qualifying chronic health conditions, being aged 65 and older, being a member of a participating health plan, and being accepted into CalPERS' Long Term Care Insurance Program. Baseline exclusions include being cognitively impaired or qualifying for long-term care insurance benefits due to deficiencies in two or more activities of daily living. The project has been successful in its enrollment strategy. It has also been successful in recruiting @entity0 into project-sponsored, community-based, and self-directed disability-prevention programming. This is particularly true for programming related to diet, exercise, and various aspects of disease management.

title: Preventing disability through community-based XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Soluble antibodies against the T3/antigen receptor complex alone are not sufficient to induce proliferation and @entity1 expression by T lymphocytes. An additional requirement is the presence of accessory cells (AC). In this model, AC provide at least two functions required for T cell activation: 1) the surface interaction of T3 antibodies with Fc receptors on the AC surface and 2) the production of soluble mediators such as @entity0 ( @entity0 ). In the experiments reported here, these stimuli are represented by T3 antibodies immobilized onto Sepharose beads and by recombinant @entity0 . In this study we investigated differences in activation requirements in resting and activated T cells. Resting T cells were represented by AC-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or the T cell line Jurkat, which phenotypically resembles a resting T cell. @entity2 cells were represented by T cell clones and the T cell line HUT 78, which express the activation molecules Ia and the @entity3 (Tac). In resting cells, activation required the presence of three different signals: perturbation of the T3/antigen receptor complex by T3 antibodies, surface redistribution of T3/antigen receptor complexes, and presence of @entity0 . In contrast, activated T cells require only perturbation and redistribution of T3/antigen receptor complexes and not @entity0 for the induction of proliferation or @entity1 production. Possible mechanisms of intracellular signaling for these stimuli are discussed.

title: T cell activation: differences in the signals required for XXXX production by nonactivated and activated T cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 is a chronic @entity1 affecting more than 69 million @entity0 worldwide, nearly 90% of them in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). In those countries, only four major antiepileptic drugs are commonly used: @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity6 . There are also problems with the accessibility, availability and quality of drugs. The main objective was to review the literature concerning "long" sustained-release formulations of AEDs that have the potential to reduce the number of administrations and help overcome problems of compliance, accessibility and the treatment gap. The main endpoint was a releasing of the active ingredient over more than 24h. We also assessed the feasibility and acceptability in resource-limited settings. Two drugs were found in unconventional release formulations: @entity5 and @entity4 ; but they were not "long" sustained release because they required administration once a day. Several techniques were available, including: esterification, transdermal devices, liposomes and polymeric devices preformed or formed in situ. In situ methods for the preparation of injectable biodegradable microparticles or implants for controlled delivery seemed best suited to the objective. Furthermore, they appear to fulfil the requirements of feasibility and cost. @entity4 appeared as well to be a relevant candidate for a "long" sustained release formulation that would improve access to medicines for @entity0 with @entity3 in resource-limited settings. .

title: How to reduce the treatment gap for @entity0 with XXXX in resource-limited settings by innovative galenic formulations: A review of the current situation, overview of potential techniques, interests and limits.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 is a chronic @entity1 affecting more than 69 million @entity0 worldwide, nearly 90% of them in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). In those countries, only four major antiepileptic drugs are commonly used: @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity6 . There are also problems with the accessibility, availability and quality of drugs. The main objective was to review the literature concerning "long" sustained-release formulations of AEDs that have the potential to reduce the number of administrations and help overcome problems of compliance, accessibility and the treatment gap. The main endpoint was a releasing of the active ingredient over more than 24h. We also assessed the feasibility and acceptability in resource-limited settings. Two drugs were found in unconventional release formulations: @entity5 and @entity4 ; but they were not "long" sustained release because they required administration once a day. Several techniques were available, including: esterification, transdermal devices, liposomes and polymeric devices preformed or formed in situ. In situ methods for the preparation of injectable biodegradable microparticles or implants for controlled delivery seemed best suited to the objective. Furthermore, they appear to fulfil the requirements of feasibility and cost. @entity4 appeared as well to be a relevant candidate for a "long" sustained release formulation that would improve access to medicines for @entity0 with @entity3 in resource-limited settings. .

title: How to reduce the treatment gap for XXXX with @entity3 in resource-limited settings by innovative galenic formulations: A review of the current situation, overview of potential techniques, interests and limits.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 causing peduncular @entity3 (PH) produce vivid @entity6 occasionally accompanied by @entity1 . Overlapping brainstem regions modulate visual pathways and @entity7 sleep functions via gating of thalamocortical networks. A 66-year-old @entity0 with paroxysmal @entity5 developed @entity6 with preserved insight and violent dream enactment behavior. Brain MRI showed restricted diffusion in the left rostrodorsal pons suggestive of an acute @entity4 . @entity7 @entity3 (RBD) was diagnosed on polysomnography. We investigated the integrity of ponto-geniculate-occipital circuits with seed-based resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) in this @entity0 compared to 46 controls. Rs-fcMRI revealed significantly reduced functional connectivity between the lesion and lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN), and between LGN and visual association cortex compared to controls. Conversely, functional connectivity between brainstem and visual association cortex, and between visual association cortex and prefrontal cortex (PFC) was significantly increased in the @entity0 . Focal damage to the rostrodorsal pons is sufficient to cause RBD and PH in @entity0 , suggesting an overlapping mechanism in both syndromes. This lesion produced a pattern of altered functional connectivity consistent with disrupted visual cortex connectivity via de-afferentation of thalamocortical pathways.

title: Altered functional connectivity in lesional peduncular @entity3 with XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity2 causing peduncular @entity3 (PH) produce vivid @entity6 occasionally accompanied by @entity1 . Overlapping brainstem regions modulate visual pathways and @entity7 sleep functions via gating of thalamocortical networks. A 66-year-old @entity0 with paroxysmal @entity5 developed @entity6 with preserved insight and violent dream enactment behavior. Brain MRI showed restricted diffusion in the left rostrodorsal pons suggestive of an acute @entity4 . @entity7 @entity3 (RBD) was diagnosed on polysomnography. We investigated the integrity of ponto-geniculate-occipital circuits with seed-based resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) in this @entity0 compared to 46 controls. Rs-fcMRI revealed significantly reduced functional connectivity between the lesion and lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN), and between LGN and visual association cortex compared to controls. Conversely, functional connectivity between brainstem and visual association cortex, and between visual association cortex and prefrontal cortex (PFC) was significantly increased in the @entity0 . Focal damage to the rostrodorsal pons is sufficient to cause RBD and PH in @entity0 , suggesting an overlapping mechanism in both syndromes. This lesion produced a pattern of altered functional connectivity consistent with disrupted visual cortex connectivity via de-afferentation of thalamocortical pathways.

title: Altered functional connectivity in lesional peduncular XXXX with @entity7 @entity3 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 causing peduncular @entity3 (PH) produce vivid @entity6 occasionally accompanied by @entity1 . Overlapping brainstem regions modulate visual pathways and @entity7 sleep functions via gating of thalamocortical networks. A 66-year-old @entity0 with paroxysmal @entity5 developed @entity6 with preserved insight and violent dream enactment behavior. Brain MRI showed restricted diffusion in the left rostrodorsal pons suggestive of an acute @entity4 . @entity7 @entity3 (RBD) was diagnosed on polysomnography. We investigated the integrity of ponto-geniculate-occipital circuits with seed-based resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) in this @entity0 compared to 46 controls. Rs-fcMRI revealed significantly reduced functional connectivity between the lesion and lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN), and between LGN and visual association cortex compared to controls. Conversely, functional connectivity between brainstem and visual association cortex, and between visual association cortex and prefrontal cortex (PFC) was significantly increased in the @entity0 . Focal damage to the rostrodorsal pons is sufficient to cause RBD and PH in @entity0 , suggesting an overlapping mechanism in both syndromes. This lesion produced a pattern of altered functional connectivity consistent with disrupted visual cortex connectivity via de-afferentation of thalamocortical pathways.

title: Altered functional connectivity in lesional peduncular @entity3 with @entity7 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Outcome assessment after @entity5 and periarticular @entity2 are not well described in the literature. This review focuses on outcome assessment, specifically surveying various scoring systems after knee @entity1 . Additionally, we include a report on a series of 637 @entity0 with @entity3 that were re-examined at least 10 years after the inciting incident. The series includes 48 @entity0 with @entity1 isolated to the knees, and for comparison, 107 poly-traumatized @entity0 with @entity4 and no other @entity1 . The outcomes were assessed utilizing the Lysholm score, the Tegner activity score, the Hannover Score for Polytrauma Outcome (HASPOC), and the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12). We calculated correlation coefficients to compare the general health questionnaires with the more specific knee scores. For the comparison of knee injured @entity0 with femoral shaft @entity2 @entity0 , we applied the Wilcoxon test. With respect to the Tegner activity score, we observed deterioration from a mean preoperative score of 5.0, to 2.8 points at follow up. The mean Lysholm score was 81.97, ranging from 15 to 100 points. However, there was no correlation between results obtained from the Lysholm score with the results of the general health questionnaires. Although not statistically significant, the general health questionnaires (HASPOC and SF-12) trended towards a less favourable outcome for polytraumatized @entity0 who sustained a @entity5 in comparison to those with a femoral shaft @entity2 . In conclusion, the outcomes of @entity5 in poly-traumatized @entity0 are rather heterogeneous, but generally are worse than in those with @entity1 that spare the knee joint.

title: Scoring systems for outcome after XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular response to acute @entity2 in @entity0 is thought to differ from that of other species. Studies of anesthetized @entity0 have found either no change or a @entity3 . A previous study showed that in 32 healthy unmedicated @entity0 , heart rate increased during acute @entity2 . The hypothesis that heart rate in @entity0 increases in response to acute @entity2 and that the increase is affected by gender was tested. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Acute @entity2 to a Hb concentration of approximately 5 g per dL in 95 unmedicated healthy @entity0 was produced by simultaneous withdrawal of blood and IV replacement with 5-percent HSA and autologous platelet-rich plasma. The relationship between heart rate and Hb concentration was examined using a mixed-effects linear regression model that allowed each @entity0 to have a fitted line with its own slope and intercept. Cubic and quadratic terms were added to determine if these improved the goodness of fit. The effect of gender was tested by including it and its interactions with Hb in the mixed model. RESULTS: The relationship between heart rate and Hb concentration was linear (p < 0.001) and consistent among the population studied: heart rate = 116.0-4.0 [Hb] (slope 95% CI: -4.2 to -3.8 beats/min/g Hb). Adding a cubic or quadratic term did not significantly improve the goodness of fit of the mathematical expression to the data, confirming the linear nature of the relationship between heart rate and Hb concentration. For @entity0 , the slope of the heart rate response was significantly greater than it was for males (difference +/- SE: 0.70 +/- 0.23, p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: In 95 unmedicated, healthy @entity0 , heart rate was a linear function of Hb during acute @entity2 . Females had a significantly greater slope of increase in heart rate with decreasing Hb concentration than did males. The relationship is consistent among individuals, is similar to that reported for conscious @entity1 , and differs from that found previously in anesthetized @entity0 .

title: Heart rate increases linearly in response to acute XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first intercultural report of antimalarial plants in this region. The aim of this study was to document the medicinal plants used against @entity1 by indigenous @entity0 in the Upper Rio Negro region and to review the literature on antimalarial activity and traditional use of the cited species. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 observation, semi-structured interviews, and ethnobotanical walks were conducted with 89 informants in five indigenous communities between April 2010 and November 2013 to obtain information on the use of medicinal plants against @entity1 . We reviewed academic databases for papers published in scientific journals up to January 2014 in order to find works on ethnopharmacology, ethnobotany, and antimalarial activity of the species cited. RESULTS: Forty-six plant species belonging to 24 families are mentioned. Fabaceae (17.4%), Arecaceae (13.0%) and Euphorbiaceae (6.5%) account together for 36.9% of these species. Only seven plant species showed a relatively high consensus. Among the plant parts, barks (34.0%) and roots (28.0%) were the most widely used. Of the 46 species cited, 18 (39.1%) have already been studied for their antimalarial properties according to the literature, and 26 species (56.5%) have no laboratory essays on antimalarial activity. CONCLUSIONS: Local traditional knowledge of the use of antimalarials is still widespread in indigenous communities of the Upper Rio Negro, where 46 plants species used against @entity1 were recorded. Our studies highlight promising new plants for future studies: Glycidendron amazonicum, Heteropsis tenuispadix, Monopteryx uaucu, Phenakospermum guianensis, Pouteria ucuqui, Sagotia brachysepala and notably Aspidosperma schultesii, Ampelozizyphus amazonicus, Euterpe catinga, E. precatoria, Physalis angulata, Cocos nucifera and Swartzia argentea with high-use consensus. Experimental validation of these remedies may help in developing new drugs for @entity1 .

title: Antimalarial plants used by indigenous XXXX of the Upper Rio Negro in Amazonas, Brazil.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of the study - to evaluate the prognostic value of galectin-3 for cumulative survival in @entity0 with controlled @entity6 . Eighty two out subjects with full or partial remission of @entity6 were enrolled in the study. Observation period was up to 12 months. Blood samples for biomarkers measurements were collected. ELISA method for measurements of circulating level of @entity7 and NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was used. Hemodynamic evaluation was performed by transthoracic echocardiography. Fifty five cumulative clinical events occurred in 21 @entity0 (25.6%) within the follow-up, with their distribution being as follows: 5 cardiovascular deaths, 24 @entity5 , 8 cardiac @entity2 events, 3 strokes, 9 chronic @entity4 and 6 hospital admissions for cardiovascular reasons. Circulating levels of @entity7 in subjects without and with cardiovascular events were 5.37 ng/ml (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.90-7.85 ng/ml) and 13.97 ng/ml (95% CI=7.82-20.11 ng/ml) (P=0.03) respectively. The results of regression analysis showed directly related circulating @entity7 with E/Em (r=0.45, P=0.045), T2DM (r=0.38, P=0.01). Multivariate logistic regression revealed independent predictive value of circulating @entity7 for 12 months cumulative cardiovascular events (odds ratio [OR]=1.11; 95% CI=1.05-1.25; P=0.005). In fact, @entity7 , NT-pro-BNP, GFR, and LVEF remained statistically significant predictors for cumulative cardiovascular events, whereas T2DM, @entity3 , @entity1 did not. Increased circulating @entity7 associates with increased 12 months cumulative cardiovascular events among @entity0 with documented @entity6 .

title: GALECTIN-3 AS A PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKER IN XXXX WITH NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 and subsequent bacterial translocation have been implicated in the development of organ dysfunction and septic complications associated with severe @entity5 . Splanchnic hypoperfusion and @entity2 /reperfusion injury have been postulated as a cause of increased intestinal permeability. The urinary concentration of intestinal @entity7 binding protein ( @entity9 ) has been shown to be a sensitive marker of @entity2 , with increased levels being associated with @entity2 /reperfusion. The aim of the current study was to assess the relationship between excretion of @entity9 in urine, gut @entity1 (intestinal hyperpermeability and systemic exposure to @entity11 ), and clinical severity. @entity0 with a clinical and biochemical diagnosis of @entity5 were studied within 72 hours of onset of @entity3 . @entity8 probes of 3350 kDa and 400 kDa were administered enterally, and the ratio of the percentage of retrieval of each probe after renal excretion was used as a measure of intestinal macromolecular permeability. Collected urine was also used to determine the @entity9 concentration ( @entity9 -c) and total @entity9 ( @entity9 ) excreted over the 24-hour period, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The systemic inflammatory response was estimated from peak 0 to 72-hour plasma @entity10 levels, and systemic exposure to endotoxins was measured using serum IgM endotoxin cytoplasmic antibody (EndoCAb) levels. The severity of the attack was assessed on the basis of the Atlanta criteria. Sixty-one @entity0 with @entity5 (severe in 19) and 12 healthy control subjects were studied. Compared to mild attacks, severe attacks were associated with significantly higher urinary @entity9 -c (median 1092 pg/ml vs. 84 pg/ml; P < 0.001) and @entity9 (median 1.14 microg vs. 0.21 microg; P = 0.003). Furthermore, the control group had significantly lower @entity9 -c (median 37 pg/ml; P = 0.029) and @entity9 (median 0.06 microg; P = 0.005) than @entity0 with mild attacks. @entity9 correlated positively with the @entity8 3350 percentage retrieval (r = 0.50; P < 0.001), CRP (r = 0.51; P < 0.001), and inversely with serum IgM EndoCAb levels (r = -0.32; P = 0.02). The results of this study support the hypothesis that splanchnic hypoperfusion contributes to the loss of intestinal mucosal integrity associated with a severe attack of @entity6 .

title: Intestinal hypoperfusion contributes to gut barrier failure in severe XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 adversely affects endothelial function and NO availability. We analyzed the effect of @entity7 (1) receptor blockade on endothelium-dependent vasodilation and basal @entity2 (NO) production and release in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty @entity0 (53 +/- 10 years) with essential @entity1 were randomized to 6 weeks of double-blind therapy with either @entity3 (80 mg), @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (25 mg), or placebo once daily. Basal NO production and release was assessed by measuring forearm blood flow (FBF) in response to intra-arterial infusion of @entity10 ( @entity10 ), and endothelium-dependent vasodilation by measuring FBF in response to intra-arterial administration of @entity5 , respectively. Intra-arterial infusion of @entity6 and @entity8 was used to assess endothelium-independent changes in FBF. Blood pressure (BP) similarly decreased with active treatments (P < .001). After @entity3 treatment, the decrease of FBF in response to @entity10 was augmented (4 micromol/min @entity10 , -1.3 +/- 1.2 after v -0.5 +/- 1.1 mL/min/100 mL before therapy, P < .02; 8 micromol/min @entity10 : -1.7 +/- 1.3 after v -1.1 +/- 1.2 mL/min 100 mL before therapy, P < .05). No improvement was found after placebo or @entity4 treatment. Changes in @entity10 -induced decrease of FBF with @entity3 treatment were not related to BP changes. Neither drug substantially modified the response of FBF induced by intra-arterial infusion of @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity7 (1) receptor blockade with @entity3 improved basal NO production and release. The effect seems to be BP independent, as BP reduction with @entity4 failed to increase NO availability.

title: Effect of AT1 receptor blockade on endothelial function in essential XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present retrospective study was to assess the suitability of segmental mandibular sandwich osteotomy combined with an interpositional autograft to meet the dimensional requirements of preimplant bone augmentation in cases of a severely @entity3 mandible. @entity0 AND METHODS: A total of 27 consecutive @entity0 (6 @entity0 and 21 @entity0 ) were included in the present study. The amount of bone gain was calculated using digital volume tomography before surgery and 3 months after bone augmentation. RESULTS: The postoperative course was uneventful for 18 @entity0 . @entity1 were observed in 6 @entity0 , with complete recovery after 3 to 12 weeks. Dehiscence of soft tissue closure occurred in 3 @entity0 . The mean vertical gain was 3.41 mm (range 0.3 to 12). The mean horizontal gain was 3.08 mm (range 0.2 to 8.5). A total of 88 implants were placed in 40 surgical sites at 12 weeks after bone reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Segmental mandibular sandwich osteotomy is a suitable augmentation procedure in the mandible for the @entity2 and provides adequate height and transversal bone augmentation.

title: Forty sandwich osteotomies in XXXX : a retrospective study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We identified @entity0 with @entity3 from the medical records of the Massachusetts General Hospital and @entity0 's Hospital, Boston, and investigated their early feeding history. Between 1969 and 1983, forty @entity0 with the deficiency were seen at one or both hospitals. Clinical information was obtained from hospital records and from questionnaires mailed to the parents. Complete morbidity, mortality, and early feeding data were obtained for 32 of the @entity0 who were born at 38 to 42 weeks' gestation and whose weights were appropriate for gestational age. We compared the presence of severe @entity2 and the death rate of those who had been exclusively breast-fed for one month with those who had been bottle-fed. Severe @entity2 was present in eight (40%) of bottle-fed and one (8%) of breast-fed @entity0 . Twenty-four of the 32 @entity0 were still alive at the termination of the study; 12 had been breast-fed and 12 bottle-fed during their first month of life. All eight deceased @entity0 had been bottle-fed. The mortality rate in the bottle-fed group was significantly greater than that of the breast-fed group. Our study suggests that breast-feeding may offer some protection against severe @entity2 and @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: XXXX in @entity3 . A retrospective analysis of the influence of early breast- vs bottle-feeding.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We identified @entity0 with @entity3 from the medical records of the Massachusetts General Hospital and @entity0 's Hospital, Boston, and investigated their early feeding history. Between 1969 and 1983, forty @entity0 with the deficiency were seen at one or both hospitals. Clinical information was obtained from hospital records and from questionnaires mailed to the parents. Complete morbidity, mortality, and early feeding data were obtained for 32 of the @entity0 who were born at 38 to 42 weeks' gestation and whose weights were appropriate for gestational age. We compared the presence of severe @entity2 and the death rate of those who had been exclusively breast-fed for one month with those who had been bottle-fed. Severe @entity2 was present in eight (40%) of bottle-fed and one (8%) of breast-fed @entity0 . Twenty-four of the 32 @entity0 were still alive at the termination of the study; 12 had been breast-fed and 12 bottle-fed during their first month of life. All eight deceased @entity0 had been bottle-fed. The mortality rate in the bottle-fed group was significantly greater than that of the breast-fed group. Our study suggests that breast-feeding may offer some protection against severe @entity2 and @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: @entity2 in XXXX . A retrospective analysis of the influence of early breast- vs bottle-feeding.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We studied predictive factors with respect to angiogenesis and proliferative indices for early symptomatic recurrences in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). One hundred and eighteen @entity0 who underwent surgery for @entity3 were divided into non-recurrent and early symptomatic recurrence groups to analyze clinicoradiological and immunohistopathological (n=33) parameters. @entity0 with @entity1 presented with symptoms for a mean duration of 10.2    9.1 months while those with recurrent @entity1 presented slightly earlier (6.9    4.5 months). @entity1 locations were the cerebellum (38.1%), optic chiasm (27.9%), supratentorial region (19.4%) and brainstem (9.3%). Recurrent @entity1 were mostly located in the cerebellum (44%) and brainstem (33%). Strong contrast enhancement was noted in 70 (59.3%) @entity1 , while 48 (40.7%) showed poor contrast. Resection was complete in 53% of @entity0 while near total excision was achieved for the remaining @entity0 . Cellularity and pleomorphism were similar in both groups. Extensive endothelial proliferation was observed in 18.1% of @entity0 while the remainder showed a focal pattern. Diffuse @entity2 ( @entity2 ) expression was observed in 36.3% of @entity0 while 63.6% showed mild-to-moderate focal expression. Endothelial proliferation and @entity2 expression were more pronounced in @entity0 with @entity1 , but this was not statistically significant. MIB-I labeling indices were similar (1-5%) for both groups. Symptomatic recurrences were common in infratentorial PAs. Radiology, histopathology and proliferative indices did not offer any prognostic information. Angiogenesis markers such as endothelial proliferation and VEFG expression did not predict early symptomatic recurrence. Diffuse @entity2 expression and endothelial proliferation were observed in @entity1 that showed strong contrast enhancement.

title: Predictive factors for early symptomatic recurrence in XXXX : does angiogenesis have a role to play?

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of prostate volume on @entity1 (CaP) detection in @entity0 who underwent repeated sextant transrectal ultrasound biopsy of the prostate. METHODS: Between September 1991 and September 2000, 4376 @entity0 underwent sextant transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate. Of the 4376 @entity0 , 556 underwent repeat biopsy because of persistent prostate-specific antigen elevation (greater than 4 ng/mL) and/or an abnormal digital rectal examination or suspicious pathologic findings. The percentage of CaP missed on the initial biopsy and detected on the repeat biopsy between arbitrary prostate volumes of less than 50 and 50 cm3 or greater and between less than 37.5 and 37.5 cm3 or greater, the median prostate volumes of @entity0 with CaP, were compared. @entity0 age, prostate-specific antigen level, digital rectal examination findings, and Gleason score in each volumetric cutoff group were also compared. RESULTS: CaP was detected in 22% of @entity0 who underwent a repeat biopsy. The percentage of CaP missed on the initial biopsy but subsequently detected on the repeat biopsy consistently increased as the volume increased. A statistically significant difference in the percentage of CaP not detected on the initial biopsy was found between prostate volumes of less than 50 and 50 cm3 or greater and between less than 37.5 and 37.5 cm3 or greater (P <0.05). No statistically significant difference in prostate-specific antigen, age, digital rectal examination, or Gleason score was found between each volumetric cutoff group. CONCLUSIONS: A significant percentage of @entity0 are diagnosed with CaP after a repeat biopsy. We have demonstrated that the percentage of CaP missed on the initial biopsy and detected on the repeat biopsy increases as the prostate volume increases. The results of our study suggest that in @entity0 with large prostates, traditional sextant biopsies may not be adequate to detect CaP.

title: Influence of prostate volume in the detection of XXXX .

answer: @entity1