abstract: The effect of @entity3 on conduction in the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve has been studied in @entity2 . @entity0 wa produced in 40 animals by ligation of the common and external or the internal and external iliac arteries. Conduction in the motor fibres to the small foot muscles was examined at internals after operation, with nerve stimulation in the thigh and at the ankle. Ascending nerve action potentials in the tibial nerve were also studied. In 8 animals there was evidence o widespread degeneration of myelinated fibres; muscle action potentials could not be activated by nerve stimulation nerve action potentials were absent. In contrast there were 14 animals in which arterial ligation appeared to produce little, if any, @entity4 ; in this group there was no significant change in motor or afferent velocity. The remaining 18 animals showed changes of intermediate severity. @entity4 was extensive, it was never complete, and in 9 nerves examined 5 - 11 days after surgery, conduction block between the thigh and ankle could be demonstrated in surviving fibres. In the other 9 nerves there was no block in surviving fibres but maximal motor velocity was significantly reduced. In no case did the conduction block affect more than a minority of the motor fibres, the remainder undergoing complete degeneration. This was in keeping with the histological appearances which showed a relatively small amount of @entity1 compared with the amount of @entity5 .

title: Conduction velocity and conduction block after experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: An estimated 5.1 million Americans suffer from @entity1 ( @entity1 ). A symptom of @entity1 is the gradual loss of autobiographical memory. Support services have been shown to slow such loss, thereby improving the quality of life of @entity0 and their caregivers. In this case study, a subject in Stage 4 of @entity1 on the Functional Assessment Staging (FAST) scale carried a smart phone with a lanyard for 4 weeks. The smart phone was programmed to take pictures at 5-minute intervals for 12 hours during the day. The pictures were collected, combined in a video slide show, saved to a @entity2 , and mailed to the subject on a weekly basis. The subject and his caregiver had to view the @entity2 . In order to evaluate the subject's memory before and after viewing the @entity2 , a test concerning the most important events of the week was developed. The subject and his caregiver had to answer a satisfaction questionnaire as well. The results of this case study confirmed that the @entity2 helped the subject recall recent events significantly better and that carrying the smart phone was not considered intrusive to daily routines. This manuscript illustrates how smart phone technology can assist in exercising autobiographical memory.

title: Supporting autobiographical memory in @entity0 with XXXX using smart phones.

answer: @entity1


abstract: An estimated 5.1 million Americans suffer from @entity1 ( @entity1 ). A symptom of @entity1 is the gradual loss of autobiographical memory. Support services have been shown to slow such loss, thereby improving the quality of life of @entity0 and their caregivers. In this case study, a subject in Stage 4 of @entity1 on the Functional Assessment Staging (FAST) scale carried a smart phone with a lanyard for 4 weeks. The smart phone was programmed to take pictures at 5-minute intervals for 12 hours during the day. The pictures were collected, combined in a video slide show, saved to a @entity2 , and mailed to the subject on a weekly basis. The subject and his caregiver had to view the @entity2 . In order to evaluate the subject's memory before and after viewing the @entity2 , a test concerning the most important events of the week was developed. The subject and his caregiver had to answer a satisfaction questionnaire as well. The results of this case study confirmed that the @entity2 helped the subject recall recent events significantly better and that carrying the smart phone was not considered intrusive to daily routines. This manuscript illustrates how smart phone technology can assist in exercising autobiographical memory.

title: Supporting autobiographical memory in XXXX with @entity1 using smart phones.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) with biologics may alter disease progression, leading to fewer @entity2 , but cost and adverse event profiles often limit their effective use. Tools identifying @entity0 at high risk of complications, who would benefit the most from biologics, would be valuable. Previous studies suggest that biomarkers may aid in determining the course of @entity1 . We aimed to determine if combined serologic immune responses and @entity4 genetic markers are associated with @entity1 complications. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, banked blood from well-characterized @entity1 @entity0 (n = 593; mean follow-up: 12 years) from tertiary and community centers was analyzed for six serological biomarkers (ASCA-IgA, ASCA-IgG, anti-OmpC, anti-CBir1, anti-I2, pANCA). In a @entity0 subset (n = 385), @entity4 (SNP8, SNP12, SNP13) genotyping was performed. Complications included stricturing and penetrating @entity3 . A logistic regression model for the risk of complications over time was constructed and evaluated by cross-validation. RESULTS: For each serologic marker, complication rates were stratified by quartile. Complication frequency was significantly different across quartiles for each marker (P trend  <= 0.001). @entity0 with SNP13 @entity4 risk alleles experienced increased complications versus @entity0 without @entity4 mutations (P  <= 0.001). A calibration plot of modeled versus observed complication rates demonstrated good agreement (R = 0.973). Performance of the model integrating serologic and genetic markers was demonstrated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC = 0.801; 95% confidence interval: 0.757-0.846). CONCLUSIONS: This model combining serologic and @entity4 genetic markers may provide physicians with a tool to assess the probability of @entity0 developing a complication over the course of @entity1 .

title: Combination of genetic and quantitative serological immune markers are associated with complicated XXXX behavior.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Right ventricular (RV) enlargement and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are well-known, unavoidable long term sequelae encountered by @entity0 who undergo @entity1 ( @entity1 ) surgery. Despite their lifelong need for cardiac surveillance and occasional re-intervention, there is a paucity of numerical data characterizing blood flows in their pulmonary arteries (PA). Specifically, although PA regurgitation is well-known to be ubiquitously present in adult repaired @entity1 (rTOF) @entity0 yet, there have been only limited numerical studies to fully characterize this process. The few studies available have utilized idealized, simplistic geometric models or overly simplistic boundary conditions that fail to account for flow reversals near the arterial walls as observed in in-vitro and MRI based in-vivo studies. The objective of this study was to establish and validate a numerical methodology of PA blood flow using actual @entity0 specific geometry and flow measurements obtained using phase-contrast MRI, employing Womersley type velocity profiles that model flow reversals near walls. The results from computation were validated with measurements. For the normal subject, the time averaged right PA pressure from computation (13.8 mmHg) and experiment (14.6 mmHg) differed by 6%. The time-averaged main PA pressure from computation (16.5 mmHg) and experiment (16.3 mmHg) differed by 1%. The numerically computed left PA regurgitant fraction was 89% compared to measured 77.5%, while the same for the rTOF was 43% (computation), compared to 39.6% (measured). We conclude that the use of numerical computations using the Womersley boundary condition allows reliable modeling of the pathophysiology of PA flow in rTOF.

title: Comparison of hemodynamic endpoints between normal subject and tetralogy XXXX using Womersley velocity profile and MR based flow measurements.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Polaris nail is an intramedullary device for treating displaced @entity1 with few published studies to support its use. Results of a consecutive series of @entity0 treated with the Polaris nail are presented. METHODS: Eighteen @entity0 with a mean age of 71 years (range, 37-84) were treated for twelve 2- and six 3-part @entity1 . Radiographic results for all @entity0 were evaluated. Thirteen @entity0 with an average follow-up of 42 months (range, 24-84) were available for functional evaluation. RESULTS: Seventeen of 18 @entity0 healed. Postoperatively, the neck/shaft angle collapsed an average 11   (range, 5-30  ) into varus. Nine of 18 @entity0 had final neck/shaft angles <120   and were considered radiographic malunions. The mean Constant and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores were 61 (range, 20-100) and 67 (range, 10-100), respectively. Forward elevation averaged 118  . @entity0 had an average 5/8 positive rotator cuff signs. Seven @entity0 underwent reoperation for loss of fixation or prominent hardware, and 1 required revision to a hemiarthroplasty. CONCLUSION: This study shows a higher than reported percentage of unsatisfactory results using the Polaris nail. The device violates the rotator cuff and is unable to resist the deforming forces that can lead to @entity2 .

title: Surgical treatment of displaced XXXX with a short intramedullary nail.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Thin-sheet laser imaging microscopy (TSLIM) was used to serially section five whole cochleas from 4-wk-old CBA/JCr @entity0 . Three-dimensional reconstructions of Rosenthal's canal (RC) were produced in order to measure canal length and volume, to generate orthogonal cross sections for area measurements, and to determine @entity1 . RC length averaged 2.0  mm      0.04 (SEM) as measured along the centroid of the canal compared to an average basilar membrane (BM) length of 5.9      0.05 (SEM). RC volume averaged 0.036  mm(3)      0.009 (SEM). Significant increases in the radial area of RC were observed at the base (13%), middle (62%), and apex (90%) of its length. The total number of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in RC in each of the five animals averaged 8626      96 (SEM). SGN number increased at the expanded regions of RC. Increased area and cell number at the base and apex are likely related to extensions of the organ of Corti past the length of RC in these areas. The increase in area and cell number in the middle of the RC appears to be related to the most sensitive frequency region of the organ of Corti. Volume imaging or tomography of the cochlea as provided by TSLIM has the potential to be an efficient and accurate semi-automated method for the quantitative assessment of the number of @entity1 and hair cells of the organ of Corti.

title: TSLIM imaging and a morphometric analysis of the XXXX spiral ganglion.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of @entity4 in bone development and postnatal bone formation. METHODS: @entity5 -Cre @entity0 were bred with @entity4 (fx/fx) @entity0 to produce chondrocyte-specific @entity4 conditional knockout (cKO) @entity0 . Embryonic skeletal preparation and staining were performed, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and relative gene expression were examined in isolated primary cells. @entity4 (fx/fx) @entity0 were also bred with @entity3 -Cre @entity0 to produce osteoblast-specific @entity4 cKO @entity0 . Postnatal bone formation was assessed by micro-computed tomography ( CT) and histological analyses in 2-month-old @entity0 . Mineralized bone nodule formation assay, @entity1 ( @entity1 ) labeling and gene expression analysis were performed. RESULTS: @entity0 with chondrocyte- and osteoblast-specific deletion of the @entity4 gene are viable and fertile. Calvarial bone development was delayed in chondrocyte-specific @entity4 cKO @entity0 . In osteoblast-specific @entity4 cKO @entity0 , BMP signaling was partially inhibited and @entity0 developed an @entity2 phenotype. Osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were impaired in osteoblast-specific @entity4 cKO @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 plays an essential role in bone development and postnatal bone formation.

title: XXXX plays an essential role in bone development and postnatal bone formation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To report 3-year results of the safety and efficacy of canaloplasty, a procedure involving circumferential viscodilation and tensioning of the inner wall of Schlemm canal to treat @entity3 . SETTING: Multicenter surgical sites. DESIGN: Nonrandomized multicenter clinical trial. METHODS: This study comprised adult @entity3 @entity0 having canaloplasty or combined @entity1 -canaloplasty surgery. Qualifying preoperative intraocular pressures (IOPs) were at least 16 mm Hg with historical IOPs of at least 21 mm Hg. A flexible microcatheter was used to viscodilate the full circumference of the canal and to place a trabecular tensioning suture. Primary outcome measures included IOP, @entity2 medication use, and adverse events. RESULTS: Three years postoperatively, all study eyes (n = 157) had a mean IOP of 15.2 mm Hg    3.5 (SD) and mean @entity2 medication use of 0.8    0.9 compared with a baseline IOP of 23.8    5.0 mm Hg on 1.8    0.9 medications. Eyes with combined @entity1 -canaloplasty surgery had a mean IOP of 13.6    3.6 mm Hg on 0.3    0.5 medications compared with a baseline IOP of 23.5    5.2 mm Hg on 1.5    1.0 medications. Intraocular pressure and medication use results in all eyes were significantly decreased from baseline at every time point (P<.001). Late postoperative complications included @entity1 (12.7%), transient IOP elevation (6.4%), and partial suture extrusion through the trabecular meshwork (0.6%). CONCLUSION: Canaloplasty led to a significant and sustained IOP reduction in adult @entity0 with @entity3 and had an excellent short- and long-term postoperative safety profile. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Additional disclosures are found in the footnotes.

title: Canaloplasty: Three-year results of circumferential viscodilation and tensioning of Schlemm canal using a microcatheter to treat XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The classification of follicular @entity5 requires surgical resection for histologic evaluation of @entity2 . Because variable clinical behavior exists, genomic expression profiling may lead to the identification of novel markers that facilitate better biologic classification. We performed for the first time gene expression analysis on clinically @entity3 ( @entity4 ) from @entity0 for whom long-term follow-up data were available. We examined matched fresh-frozen tissue from 15 histopathologically diagnosed @entity4 (7 @entity0 with documented distant @entity1 and/or death from disease and 8 @entity0 without recurrence). For categorical comparison, we analyzed 4 @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The biologic control comprised 11 normal thyroid tissue specimens. High-quality RNA was extracted from the tissues, labeled, and hybridized to an Affymetrix (Santa Clara, CA) oligonucleotide microarray (HG-U133A). With the exceptions of 1 follicular @entity7 , unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis revealed 2 distinct groups--one containing normal thyroid tissue and @entity6 and another containing @entity4 . We identified 421 genes that were differentially expressed between histologically normal thyroid tissues and all @entity2 (P < 0.01; fold-change >2), 94 genes that distinguished @entity4 from @entity6 (including @entity8 and @entity10 ), and 4 genes that @entity3 from @entity4 ( @entity9 , @entity11 , @entity12 , and @entity13 ). Comparative genomic groupings identified differentially expressed genes that may lead to better classification of follicular @entity5 . Such genes may be used in future prospective validation studies to establish clinically useful and complementary diagnostic markers.

title: Differential gene expression profiling of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suicide rates are high in elderly @entity0 with @entity4 . We compared behavioural, clinical and care characteristics of @entity4 elderly @entity0 , aged 60years and over at the time of @entity3 by suicide, with an early-onset @entity4 (EOD, onset before 60years) with those @entity0 with a late age of onset (LOD). METHOD: From a 10-year national clinical survey of all suicides in England and Wales (n=13066) we identified 549 LOD cases, and 290 EOD cases. EOD and LOD cases were compared by logistic regression adjusted for age at suicide. RESULTS: Method of suicide did not differ by age of onset of @entity4 . LOD cases were significantly less likely to have a history of @entity1 admissions (OR=0.2 [0.1-0.3]), @entity2 misuse (OR=0.6 [0.4-0.9]) and self-harm (0.6 [0.4-0.8]). LOD cases also had a lower prevalence of a @entity1 co-morbid diagnosis (0.6 [0.4-0.7]) and a lower prescription rate for psychotropic drugs other than antidepressants. Furthermore, the number of recent life-events was significantly higher (OR=1.4 [1.0-1.9]) in LOD while the frequency of recent self-harm was similar to EOD. CONCLUSION: Although our study suggests that psychopathology of suicide among elderly @entity4 @entity0 differs between EOD and LOD, the final pathway (via recent self-harm) to suicide may be similar in up to a quarter of @entity0 in both groups. Our results suggest that strategies to enhance coping abilities and provision of support to negate the effects of life-events might be especially important in the prevention of suicide in LOD.

title: Suicide in later life: a comparison between cases with early-onset and late-onset XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate circulating pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP(1-108)) in the general community and evaluate its ability to detect left @entity1 . BACKGROUND: The current concept for cardiac endocrine function is that, in response to cardiac stress, the heart secretes B-type natriuretic peptide ( @entity6 (1-32)) and @entity5 -terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP(1-76)) after intracardiac cleavage of their molecular precursor, proBNP(1-108). We hypothesized that proBNP(1-108) circulates in normal @entity0 subjects and that it is a useful biomarker for @entity4 . METHODS: Our population-based study included a cohort of 1,939 adults (age >= 45 years) from Olmsted County, Minnesota, with 672 @entity0 defined as healthy. Subjects underwent in-depth clinical characterization, detailed echocardiography, and measurement of proBNP(1-108). Independent factors associated with proBNP(1-108) and test characteristics for the detection of @entity4 were determined. RESULTS: ProBNP(1-108) in normal @entity0 was strongly influenced by sex, age, heart rate, and body mass index. The median concentration was 20 ng/l with a mean proBNP(1-108) to NT-proBNP(1-76) ratio of 0.366, which decreased with @entity3 stage. ProBNP(1-108) was a sensitive (78.8%) and specific (86.1%) biomarker for detecting LV @entity2 , which was comparable to @entity6 (1-32), but less than NT-proBNP(1-76), in several subsets of the population. CONCLUSIONS: ProBNP(1-108) circulates in the majority of healthy @entity0 in the general population and is a sensitive and specific biomarker for the detection of @entity2 . The proBNP(1-108) to NT-proBNP(1-76) ratio may provide insights into altered proBNP(1-108) processing during @entity3 progression. Thus, this highly specific assay for proBNP(1-108) provides important new insights into the biology of the @entity6 system.

title: Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(1-108) circulates in the general community: plasma determinants and detection of left XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To investigate the role of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in bones' responses to loading, we analysed changes in multiple measures of bone architecture in tibias subjected to loading or disuse in male and female @entity0 with the @entity3 loss of function mutation ( @entity3 (-/-)) or heterozygous for the @entity3 @entity4 High Bone Mass (HBM) mutation ( @entity3 (HBM+)). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The right tibias of these 17week old male and female @entity0 and their @entity1 ( @entity1 ) littermates were subjected to short periods of loading three days a week for two weeks. Each tibia was loaded for 40 cycles, to produce peak strains at the midshaft within the low, medium or high physiological range (~1500, 2400 and 3000 microstrain, respectively). In similar groups of @entity0 the right sciatic nerve was severed causing disuse of the right tibia for 3weeks. Data from microCT of loaded, neurectomised and contra-lateral control tibias were analysed to quantify changes in the cortical and cancellous regions of the bone in the absence of functional strains and in response to graded strains in addition to those derived from function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Male @entity1 (+/+) controls showed significant strain:response curves for cortical area and trabecular thickness, but @entity3 (-/-) @entity0 showed no detectable strain:response in those same outcomes. Female @entity0 of either @entity1 (+/+) or @entity3 (-/-) genotype did not show significant strain:response curves for cortical or trabecular parameters, the one exception being Tb.Th in @entity3 (-/-) @entity0 . Since female @entity1 (+/+) @entity0 did not respond to loading in a significant dose:responsive manner, the similar lack of responsiveness of the @entity3 (-/-) females could not be ascribed to their @entity3 status. Cortical @entity2 associated with disuse showed no differences between @entity3 (-/-) @entity0 and @entity1 (+/+) controls, but in cancellous bone of both male and females of these @entity0 , there was a greater loss than in @entity1 (+/+) controls. In contrast, the tibias of male and female @entity0 heterozygous for the @entity3 @entity4 HBM mutation showed greater osteogenic responsiveness to loading and less @entity2 associated with disuse than their @entity1 (HBM-) controls. These data indicate that the presence of the @entity3 @entity4 HBM mutation is associated with an increased osteogenic response to loading but support only a marginal gender-related role for normal @entity3 function in this loading-related response.

title: Analysis of multiple bone responses to graded strains above functional levels, and to disuse, in @entity0 in vivo show that the human Lrp5 XXXX High Bone Mass mutation increases the osteogenic response to loading but that lack of Lrp5 activity reduces it.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To investigate the role of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in bones' responses to loading, we analysed changes in multiple measures of bone architecture in tibias subjected to loading or disuse in male and female @entity0 with the @entity3 loss of function mutation ( @entity3 (-/-)) or heterozygous for the @entity3 @entity4 High Bone Mass (HBM) mutation ( @entity3 (HBM+)). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The right tibias of these 17week old male and female @entity0 and their @entity1 ( @entity1 ) littermates were subjected to short periods of loading three days a week for two weeks. Each tibia was loaded for 40 cycles, to produce peak strains at the midshaft within the low, medium or high physiological range (~1500, 2400 and 3000 microstrain, respectively). In similar groups of @entity0 the right sciatic nerve was severed causing disuse of the right tibia for 3weeks. Data from microCT of loaded, neurectomised and contra-lateral control tibias were analysed to quantify changes in the cortical and cancellous regions of the bone in the absence of functional strains and in response to graded strains in addition to those derived from function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Male @entity1 (+/+) controls showed significant strain:response curves for cortical area and trabecular thickness, but @entity3 (-/-) @entity0 showed no detectable strain:response in those same outcomes. Female @entity0 of either @entity1 (+/+) or @entity3 (-/-) genotype did not show significant strain:response curves for cortical or trabecular parameters, the one exception being Tb.Th in @entity3 (-/-) @entity0 . Since female @entity1 (+/+) @entity0 did not respond to loading in a significant dose:responsive manner, the similar lack of responsiveness of the @entity3 (-/-) females could not be ascribed to their @entity3 status. Cortical @entity2 associated with disuse showed no differences between @entity3 (-/-) @entity0 and @entity1 (+/+) controls, but in cancellous bone of both male and females of these @entity0 , there was a greater loss than in @entity1 (+/+) controls. In contrast, the tibias of male and female @entity0 heterozygous for the @entity3 @entity4 HBM mutation showed greater osteogenic responsiveness to loading and less @entity2 associated with disuse than their @entity1 (HBM-) controls. These data indicate that the presence of the @entity3 @entity4 HBM mutation is associated with an increased osteogenic response to loading but support only a marginal gender-related role for normal @entity3 function in this loading-related response.

title: Analysis of multiple bone responses to graded strains above functional levels, and to disuse, in XXXX in vivo show that the human Lrp5 @entity4 High Bone Mass mutation increases the osteogenic response to loading but that lack of Lrp5 activity reduces it.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 remains the main leading @entity2 -related cause of @entity4 in the world. For early-stage @entity2 , surgery stands out as the best curative option offering the greatest chance for cure. Despite improvement of per- and postoperative management, surgery continues to carry a high morbidity with a significant mortality. Among @entity5 , @entity9 ( @entity3 and @entity8 ) are currently the most frequent and serious, as well as being the primary cause of @entity4 , after a lung resection for @entity2 . Because infectious etiologies have been highly incriminated in the development of these @entity7 , microbial airways colonizations (AWCs) are supposed to be an essential first step in the pathogenesis of these failures occurring in hospitalized and chronically ill individuals. These @entity0 fulfill all the predisposing factors to bronchial colonizations and are particularly exposed to the development of @entity9 in the postoperative setting, when secretion clearance and cough reflex are impaired. Under immunosuppressive conditions, AWC should act in a manner that increases its ability to stimulate microorganisms and increase the risks of superimposed @entity6 . Few studies have addressed the problem of AWCs in @entity0 submitted for @entity1 surgery. Because of several limitations, especially the lack of exhaustive microbiological studies, the conclusions that can be reached remain inconclusive. This review aims to report the existing literature on this critical and controversial issue, focusing on their specific incidence, their predisposing factors, their correlation with development of @entity9 , and, in turn, the reliability of the current antibiotic prophylaxis for their prevention.

title: Airways colonizations in @entity0 undergoing XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 remains the main leading @entity2 -related cause of @entity4 in the world. For early-stage @entity2 , surgery stands out as the best curative option offering the greatest chance for cure. Despite improvement of per- and postoperative management, surgery continues to carry a high morbidity with a significant mortality. Among @entity5 , @entity9 ( @entity3 and @entity8 ) are currently the most frequent and serious, as well as being the primary cause of @entity4 , after a lung resection for @entity2 . Because infectious etiologies have been highly incriminated in the development of these @entity7 , microbial airways colonizations (AWCs) are supposed to be an essential first step in the pathogenesis of these failures occurring in hospitalized and chronically ill individuals. These @entity0 fulfill all the predisposing factors to bronchial colonizations and are particularly exposed to the development of @entity9 in the postoperative setting, when secretion clearance and cough reflex are impaired. Under immunosuppressive conditions, AWC should act in a manner that increases its ability to stimulate microorganisms and increase the risks of superimposed @entity6 . Few studies have addressed the problem of AWCs in @entity0 submitted for @entity1 surgery. Because of several limitations, especially the lack of exhaustive microbiological studies, the conclusions that can be reached remain inconclusive. This review aims to report the existing literature on this critical and controversial issue, focusing on their specific incidence, their predisposing factors, their correlation with development of @entity9 , and, in turn, the reliability of the current antibiotic prophylaxis for their prevention.

title: Airways colonizations in XXXX undergoing @entity1 surgery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity5 is rapidly increasing and is now one of the leading causes of @entity2 death in the western world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein-encoding genes and are involved in the development, progression and prognosis of other @entity2 . We hypothesized that global miRNA expression would predict survival and lymph node involvement in a cohort of surgically resected @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: The miRNA analysis was performed using a custom Affymetrix microarray with probes for 462 known @entity0 , 2,102 predicted @entity0 , 357 @entity3 , and 238 @entity4 miRNAs. Expression of miRNA was evaluated in 45 @entity2 , and the association of miRNA expression with @entity0 survival and lymph node @entity1 was assessed. The prognostic impact of identified unique miRNAs was verified with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Our data indicate that the expression of individual @entity0 miRNA species is significantly associated with postresection @entity0 survival. Using data from five unique miRNAs, we were further able to generate a combined miRNA expression signature that is associated with @entity0 survival (p=0.005; hazard ratio 3.6) independent of node involvement and overall stage. The expression of three miRNAs ( @entity6 and miR-199a_3p and _5p) was also associated with the presence of lymph node @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest miRNA expression profiling could provide prognostic utility in staging @entity2 @entity0 and treatment planning with endoscopic and neoadjuvant therapies. The alterations of specific miRNAs may further elucidate steps in the metastatic pathway and allow for development of targeted therapy.

title: MicroRNA prognostic signature for nodal metastases and survival in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Strength testing is commonly used to determine the muscular strength of older individuals participating in a resistance training program. The purpose of this study was to non-invasively examine and compare the blood pressure (BP) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) response of maximum and sub-maximum strength tests in older @entity0 . Twenty-four healthy @entity0 aged 70-80 yr were recruited for the study. @entity0 completed a 1 repetition maximum (RM) strength test and four days later a sub-maximum strength test on an incline squat. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure ( @entity2 ) and @entity1 were measured by plethysmography during and immediately after the strength tests. SBP, @entity2 and @entity1 were (P<0.001) higher during the 1RM and sub-maximum strength tests compared to resting values. Twenty seconds post 1RM, SBP and @entity1 were higher than resting values. Twenty seconds post sub-maximum strength testing SBP and @entity2 were lower (P<0.02) and @entity1 (P<0.001) was higher than resting values. SBP, @entity2 and @entity1 were higher (P<0.001) during sub-maximum strength testing compared to 1RM testing. Twenty seconds post testing, SBP and @entity2 were @entity1 was higher (P<0.001) for the sub-maximum strength tests compared to the 1RM. The results of our study demonstrate that sub-maximum strength testing resulted in greater changes in BP and @entity1 compared to 1RM strength testing. The lower cardiovascular stress experienced during the 1RM shows that this may be a safer method of testing compared to sub-maximum strength testing in @entity0 aged 70-80 yr.

title: The blood pressure response of older XXXX to maximum and sub-maximum strength testing.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 and @entity5 levels are critical to maintaining the redox potential of a cell. Perturbations of these levels are important in disease pathogenesis. To improve endogenous @entity0 metabolome quantitation, @entity3 specific tagging, extraction and relative quantitation were undertaken. Reduced and oxidized @entity3 ( @entity5 ) metabolites from endothelial cells were tagged and extracted using cleavable isotope coded affinity tags (cICAT). Extracted cICAT labeled @entity4 were analyzed using capillary reverse phase liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (capLC-MS) with positive mode electrospray ionization. Reactions between @entity3 metabolite standards and the reactive group of cICAT indicate completion by 8h at pH 9 with no apparent @entity5 formation. cICAT labeled reduced @entity4 from endothelial cells showed 1-5% RSD using ratiometric quantitation of isotopes and 6-17% RSD based on signal intensity alone. Sample injection was optimized to 16 pmol. Using high mass accuracy MS, 75 putative @entity3 metabolites were detected in all experimental samples. Treatment of endothelial cells with @entity11 (BQ) shows decreased levels in 28 putative reduced @entity4 and increased levels of 27 putative @entity6 . Treatment of endothelial cells with 30 mM @entity1 resulted in 22 putative reduced @entity4 with decreased levels and 7 putative @entity6 with increased concentration. @entity4 were identified based on accurate mass within 3 ppm and analysis of fragmentation patterns. Using @entity10 ( @entity10 ), shared product ions between different @entity4 led to the analysis of @entity4 from the @entity2 - @entity7 ( @entity9 - @entity8 ) pathway. Specific reduced @entity4 and @entity6 in this pathway revealed changes different from the overall trends of @entity4 / @entity6 . This suggests varying regulation of the @entity9 - @entity8 pathway distinct from other @entity3 -containing pathways and dependence on the type of environmental stimulus. These results indicate the utility of analyzing reduced @entity4 and @entity6 in eukaryotic samples.

title: XXXX metabolomics of endothelial cells using capillary liquid chromatography mass spectrometry with isotope coded affinity tags.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 is a common disease with multiple etiologies and risk factors. Studies suggest an increased incidence in developed nations in recent decades as well as differential geographic incidence and prevalence rates, and differences between the genders. We updated @entity1 epidemiological data by examining the incidence and prevalence rates in a stable rural Wisconsin population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area database, a surveillance tool created in 1991 to track disease in residents of an area of 24 ZIP Codes including approximately 85,000 individuals, of whom most receive care at Marshfield Clinic and affiliates. @entity1 cases were identified using ICD-9 codes. Incidence, prevalence and recurrence rates were determined. RESULTS: The mean age adjusted incidence of new onset @entity1 per 100,000 @entity0 -years was 202 (95% CL 168-235) in 1992 and 289 (95% CL 253-325) in 2008. In @entity0 the increase per 100,000 @entity0 -years was higher than in @entity0 , that is 171 (95% CL 129-213) and 289 (95% CL 238-340) vs 238 (95% CL 184-290) and 296 (95% CL 244-348), respectively. The male-to-female incidence ratio decreased from 1.4 to 1.0. The age adjusted prevalence per 100,000 individuals was 1,968 (2%) and 3,554 (3.5%) in 1992 and 2008, respectively. The increase in @entity0 was higher than in @entity0 (52% vs 26%). The age adjusted recurrence rate per 100,000 individuals was 553 (0.72%) and 676 (1.0%) in 1992 and 2008, respectively. The increase in @entity0 was higher than in @entity0 (88% vs 20%). CONCLUSIONS: Since 1992, @entity1 incidence, prevalence and recurrence rates in this rural Wisconsin population have increased with higher increases noted in @entity0 . While prevalence increased, it was lower than reported in other geographic areas in the United States.

title: XXXX in a rural Wisconsin population from 1992 to 2008: narrowing of the male-to-female ratio.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiotherapy induced @entity7 are often difficult to manage due to proximal location, compromised vascular supply and poor wound healing. To determine the success of urethroplasty for radiation induced strictures we performed a multi-institutional review of @entity0 who underwent urethroplasty for @entity8 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 @entity0 (mean age 67 years) underwent urethroplasty at 3 separate institutions. Excision with primary @entity1 was used in 24 of 30 @entity0 (80%), with 4 of 30 requiring a genital fasciocutaneous skin flap and 2 a buccal graft. Hospitalization was less than 23 hours for 70% of the @entity0 . Recurrence was defined as cystoscopic identification of urethral narrowing to less than 16Fr in diameter. RESULTS: All strictures were located in the bulbomembranous region. Mean stricture length was 2.9 cm (range 1.5 to 7). External beam radiotherapy for @entity2 was the etiology of @entity6 in 15 @entity0 (50%), with brachytherapy in 7 (24%) and a combination of the 2 modalities in 8 (26%). Successful urethral reconstruction was achieved in 22 @entity0 (73%) at a mean of 21 months. Mean time to stricture recurrence was 5.1 months (range 2 to 8). Two @entity0 required @entity5 after stricture recurrence and none required urinary diversion. @entity3 was transient in 10% and persistent in 40%, with 13% requiring an artificial urinary sphincter. The rate of @entity4 was unchanged following urethroplasty (47% preoperative, 50% postoperative). CONCLUSIONS: Urethroplasty for radiation induced strictures has an acceptable rate of success and can be performed without tissue transfer techniques in most cases. Almost half of @entity0 will experience some degree of @entity3 as a result of surgery but erectile function appears to be preserved.

title: Urethroplasty for radiotherapy induced XXXX : a multi-institutional experience.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The current case-control study is the first to examine the relationship between @entity2 ( @entity2 ) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in pre- as well as postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 compared to healthy matched controls. METHODS: Among 1422 @entity1 (premenopausal, n=238, postmenopausal, n=1184), @entity2 and @entity3 were measured. In total, 541 of the @entity1 had an incident diagnosis of @entity0 (122 premenopausal, 419 postmenopausal) without prior @entity0 treatment. Because of significant intergroup differences in multiple risk factors, a matched-pair analysis (88 premenopausal and 402 postmenopausal @entity1 with and without @entity0 ) was performed. Additionally, a multiple linear regression analysis was undertaken, odds ratios were determined and subjects grouped according to quartiles of DXA and @entity3 results. RESULTS: DXA results (except the L1-L4 Z-score) were significantly higher in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 even after a matched-pair analysis was performed (p<0.05). In premenopausal @entity1 , we observed no significant differences in DXA results between the groups. @entity3 results in pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 were significantly higher compared with their matched controls (p<0.001 for all, except for speed of sound in premenopausal @entity1 , p<0.05). Odds ratios for @entity0 risk in the second, third and fourth quartiles compared with the lowest quartile were significantly different for a number of variables. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed significantly higher @entity2 irrespective of the method and site of measurement in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 compared to controls, even after matching for possible confounders for the first time.

title: XXXX and @entity2 : the Marburg @entity0 and Osteoporosis Trial (MABOT II).

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The current case-control study is the first to examine the relationship between @entity2 ( @entity2 ) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in pre- as well as postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 compared to healthy matched controls. METHODS: Among 1422 @entity1 (premenopausal, n=238, postmenopausal, n=1184), @entity2 and @entity3 were measured. In total, 541 of the @entity1 had an incident diagnosis of @entity0 (122 premenopausal, 419 postmenopausal) without prior @entity0 treatment. Because of significant intergroup differences in multiple risk factors, a matched-pair analysis (88 premenopausal and 402 postmenopausal @entity1 with and without @entity0 ) was performed. Additionally, a multiple linear regression analysis was undertaken, odds ratios were determined and subjects grouped according to quartiles of DXA and @entity3 results. RESULTS: DXA results (except the L1-L4 Z-score) were significantly higher in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 even after a matched-pair analysis was performed (p<0.05). In premenopausal @entity1 , we observed no significant differences in DXA results between the groups. @entity3 results in pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 were significantly higher compared with their matched controls (p<0.001 for all, except for speed of sound in premenopausal @entity1 , p<0.05). Odds ratios for @entity0 risk in the second, third and fourth quartiles compared with the lowest quartile were significantly different for a number of variables. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed significantly higher @entity2 irrespective of the method and site of measurement in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 compared to controls, even after matching for possible confounders for the first time.

title: @entity0 and @entity2 : the Marburg XXXX and Osteoporosis Trial (MABOT II).

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The current case-control study is the first to examine the relationship between @entity2 ( @entity2 ) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in pre- as well as postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 compared to healthy matched controls. METHODS: Among 1422 @entity1 (premenopausal, n=238, postmenopausal, n=1184), @entity2 and @entity3 were measured. In total, 541 of the @entity1 had an incident diagnosis of @entity0 (122 premenopausal, 419 postmenopausal) without prior @entity0 treatment. Because of significant intergroup differences in multiple risk factors, a matched-pair analysis (88 premenopausal and 402 postmenopausal @entity1 with and without @entity0 ) was performed. Additionally, a multiple linear regression analysis was undertaken, odds ratios were determined and subjects grouped according to quartiles of DXA and @entity3 results. RESULTS: DXA results (except the L1-L4 Z-score) were significantly higher in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 even after a matched-pair analysis was performed (p<0.05). In premenopausal @entity1 , we observed no significant differences in DXA results between the groups. @entity3 results in pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 were significantly higher compared with their matched controls (p<0.001 for all, except for speed of sound in premenopausal @entity1 , p<0.05). Odds ratios for @entity0 risk in the second, third and fourth quartiles compared with the lowest quartile were significantly different for a number of variables. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed significantly higher @entity2 irrespective of the method and site of measurement in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 compared to controls, even after matching for possible confounders for the first time.

title: @entity0 and XXXX : the Marburg @entity0 and Osteoporosis Trial (MABOT II).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) can be used to correct deformities around the knee. Although osteotomies can be fixed with either internal or external fixation techniques, the advantages of one over the other are unclear. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We asked whether (1) for both techniques, we could accurately correct the deformities based on our preoperative goals for mechanical axis deviation (MAD) and lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), and (2) intraoperative times, (3) preoperative and postoperative knee ROM, and (4) complications differed. @entity0 AND METHODS: We identified 26 @entity0 (34 limbs) who underwent femoral osteotomies. We compared accuracy of correction (based on correction of the MAD and the LDFA), duration of surgery, preoperative and postoperative knee ROM, and complications. The minimum followup was 20 months (mean, 29 months; range, 20-40 months). RESULTS: We achieved the desired MAD within 10 mm of the goal in 18 of 21 limbs with the unilateral frame and in 12 of 13 limbs using fixator-assisted plating. Operative time for fixator-assisted plating was longer (122    34 minutes) than when using a unilateral frame (94    65 minutes). Preoperative and postoperative knee ROMs were similar for both techniques and there were no major complications. CONCLUSIONS: We obtained accurate correction of deformities with both fixation techniques. Our experience suggests the method to be used should be left to the discretion of the surgeon and the needs and wishes of the @entity0 after adequate explanation of the advantages and disadvantages. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: XXXX : is internal fixation better than external?

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of 24 h dietary recalls required to adequately estimate nutrient intake in overweight and @entity1 adults using the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) automated multiple-pass method (AMPM). In addition, the study quantified sources of variation in dietary intake, such as day of the week, season, sequence of diet interviews (training effect), diet interviewer, body weight and within- and between-subject variances in the intake of selected nutrients. DESIGN: Adults having a BMI of >=  28 but <38 kg/m2 were included in the study. The USDA's AMPM was used to obtain 24 h dietary recalls every 10 d for 6 months. Dietary intake data were analysed to adequately estimate the number of 24 h recalls necessary to assess nutrient intake. Variance component estimates were made by using a mixed-model procedure. SETTING: The greater Washington, DC, metropolitan area. SUBJECTS: Adults (34 @entity0 and 39 @entity0 ) aged 35-65 years. RESULTS: Overweight and @entity1 adults completed fourteen 24 h dietary recalls. Utilizing within- and between-subject variances requires 5-10 and 12-15 d of 24 h dietary recalls in @entity0 and @entity0 , respectively, to estimate energy and macronutrient intakes in a 6-month period. Within- and between-subject variances were the major contributors to variance in nutrient intakes. Day of the week, season, sequence, diet interviewer and body weight had little impact on variance. CONCLUSIONS: This information is valuable for researchers planning to conduct studies on free-living individuals that include the collection of dietary intake data.

title: The number of 24 h dietary recalls using the US Department of Agriculture's automated multiple-pass method required to estimate nutrient intake in overweight and XXXX adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac transplantation, a procedure nearly abandoned in the 1970s, has evolved into the standard of care for appropriate @entity0 with end-stage @entity2 . Much of this success has been due to improvements in immunosuppression, including the introduction of a triple-drug regimen. Retrospective reports suggested that single-drug immunosuppression with @entity3 was feasible. As such, a prospective, randomized trial was conducted to test this approach. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred fifty adult de novo heart transplant recipients were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label trial comparing @entity3 monotherapy (MONO) with @entity3 and @entity1 therapy (COMBO). Corticosteroids were used in the early postoperative period but discontinued in all @entity0 over 8 to 9 weeks. The primary end point was the composite biopsy score at 6 months after transplant. @entity0 were followed for 1 to 5 years. The composite biopsy score was similar between groups at 6 and 12 months: 6-month MONO, 0.70    0.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.60 to 0.80) versus COMBO, 0.65    0.40 (95% confidence interval, 0.55 to 0.74; P=0.44). Allograft vasculopathy was assessed by angiography and intravascular ultrasound, with no significant differences noted. Three-year survival was also similar (92.4% MONO versus 97% COMBO; P=0.58, log-rank). CONCLUSIONS: Addition of mycophenolate to single-agent immunosuppression did not provide an advantage over single-agent immunosuppression in terms of rejection, allograft vasculopathy, or 3-year survival. Corticosteroids, which have traditionally been a mainstay of therapy, were successfully discontinued in all @entity0 . These conclusions are tempered by the limited statistical power associated with a sample size of only 150 @entity0 . Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00299221.

title: A prospective, randomized trial of single-drug versus dual-drug immunosuppression in heart transplantation: the XXXX in combination, @entity3 alone compared (TICTAC) trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac transplantation, a procedure nearly abandoned in the 1970s, has evolved into the standard of care for appropriate @entity0 with end-stage @entity2 . Much of this success has been due to improvements in immunosuppression, including the introduction of a triple-drug regimen. Retrospective reports suggested that single-drug immunosuppression with @entity3 was feasible. As such, a prospective, randomized trial was conducted to test this approach. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred fifty adult de novo heart transplant recipients were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label trial comparing @entity3 monotherapy (MONO) with @entity3 and @entity1 therapy (COMBO). Corticosteroids were used in the early postoperative period but discontinued in all @entity0 over 8 to 9 weeks. The primary end point was the composite biopsy score at 6 months after transplant. @entity0 were followed for 1 to 5 years. The composite biopsy score was similar between groups at 6 and 12 months: 6-month MONO, 0.70    0.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.60 to 0.80) versus COMBO, 0.65    0.40 (95% confidence interval, 0.55 to 0.74; P=0.44). Allograft vasculopathy was assessed by angiography and intravascular ultrasound, with no significant differences noted. Three-year survival was also similar (92.4% MONO versus 97% COMBO; P=0.58, log-rank). CONCLUSIONS: Addition of mycophenolate to single-agent immunosuppression did not provide an advantage over single-agent immunosuppression in terms of rejection, allograft vasculopathy, or 3-year survival. Corticosteroids, which have traditionally been a mainstay of therapy, were successfully discontinued in all @entity0 . These conclusions are tempered by the limited statistical power associated with a sample size of only 150 @entity0 . Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00299221.

title: A prospective, randomized trial of single-drug versus dual-drug immunosuppression in heart transplantation: the @entity3 in combination, XXXX alone compared (TICTAC) trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Two cases of high-flow @entity6 affecting the mandible are presented. Manifesting mainly in childhood, intraosseous @entity7 are extremely rare morphologic errors of vascular morphogenesis that can lead to life-threatening @entity3 without appropriate treatment. A dentist referred an 8-year-old @entity0 with radiolucency in the left mandible and supraocclusion of the mandibular left first molar. During biopsy, massive @entity3 occurred. Computed tomographic scan with contrast medium showed a @entity6 . @entity5 was performed followed by surgical resection. Autologous bone transplantation and resorbable osteosynthesis plates were used for reconstruction. The second @entity0 , a 15-year-old @entity0 , had intense @entity3 from the periodontal space of a highly mobile right mandibular second molar. Intraoral clinical examination showed a painless @entity1 in the right buccal vestibule. Computed tomographic angiogram displayed an @entity6 involving the right mandible. After successful selective embolization, surgical resection, and reconstruction with autologous bone, transplantation was performed. @entity4 is a low-risk procedure in highly vascularized lesions. It is a recommended procedure to avoid the increased risk of an emergency operation, to minimize @entity2 during surgery, and to better plan reconstructive surgery.

title: Treatment of mandibular high-flow XXXX : report of 2 cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 arising from non-branching sites of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are often difficult to treat by neck clipping or endosaccular coiling. We discuss the feasibility of simple endovascular ICA ligation or trapping to treat @entity2 . METHODS: Data from eleven @entity0 were retrospectively analyzed regarding Hunt and Hess grade on admission, angiographic collateral capacities during digital carotid compression, results of balloon test occlusion of the ipsilateral ICA, type of treatment, and Glasgow outcome scale at discharge. RESULTS: First endovascular treatments were performed by day 5 in four cases. Two @entity0 with good clinical grade and good collateral capacity underwent endovascular ICA trapping in the acute stage and showed good outcomes. Two @entity0 displaying poor clinical grade but good collaterals underwent endosaccular embolization. These @entity2 recurred later and the ICAs were trapped by coils in the chronic stage. Four cases underwent first endovascular treatments in the chronic stage. Three @entity0 with good collaterals underwent endovascular ICA trapping or ligation and showed favorable outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Seven of eleven @entity0 could be treated by endovascular ICA trapping or ligation, which offers a simple, safe method for @entity3 , if collateral capacity is good and @entity1 is not serious.

title: Treatment of XXXX : feasibility of endovascular trapping or proximal obliteration of the ICA.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of sternocleidomastoideus radiofrequency carbonation with local anesthesia under arthroscope for the treatment of @entity4 in adults. METHODS: Twenty-six cases of @entity4 were treated by radiofrequency carbonation with local anesthesia under arthroscope. The right side was in 14 @entity0 and left in 12. There were 11 males and 15 females with an average age of 22 years old. Sternocleidomastoideus and clavicula were pre-operatively marked. Through an artificial lacuna, arthroscope and radiofrequency probe were inserted. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 25 months (range: 15 - 71). According to the motion deficits, craniofacial asymmetry, head tilt and subjective assessment, there were 19 excellent and 7 fair outcomes. Most @entity0 showed a marked improvement in neck motion and head tilt with satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcomes. There was no nerve or @entity3 , no recurrence, @entity2 and scar. The overall efficacy was satisfactory. CONCLUSION: The radiofrequency therapy for torticollis with local anesthesia under arthroscopy has a satisfactory efficacy. The advantages are minimal trauma, simple procedure, less @entity1 and better cosmetics.

title: [Treatment of adult XXXX with radiofrequency carbonation under arthroscope].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Introduction. @entity5 , a deepolarizing muscle relaxant, @entity4 . It is therefore advised to be avoided in @entity2 surgery, for fear of extruding ocular contents. Several anecdotal reports support this fear. Some workers however, dispute this claim. There is as yet no formal case report in the literature on the subject. Case Presentation. A 34-year old Nigerian male, was involved in a road traffic accident. He presented at the Accident _ Emergency Unit of our hospital about 2 hours after the accident. Clinical examination revealed @entity3 (with intact ocular contents) and @entity6 . Emergency laparotomy was scheduled, to be followed with corneal repair. Anaesthesia was induced with 10   mg @entity1 , 100   mg @entity7 , and 100   mg @entity5 given intravenously in sequence. After laparotomy, the ophthalmologists reported for the corneal repair, only to find that the vitreous humour has been extruded. Conclusion. The fear about the use of @entity5 in @entity2 situations is real. It will be good clinical judgment to use alternative drugs and techniques to effect rapid muscle relaxation, in the anaesthetic management of the @entity2 @entity0 . This would be of interest to anaesthetists, ophthalmologists and clinical pharmacologists among others.

title: Vitreous humour extrusion after XXXX induction of anaesthesia in a polytraumatized @entity0 : a case report.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Introduction. @entity5 , a deepolarizing muscle relaxant, @entity4 . It is therefore advised to be avoided in @entity2 surgery, for fear of extruding ocular contents. Several anecdotal reports support this fear. Some workers however, dispute this claim. There is as yet no formal case report in the literature on the subject. Case Presentation. A 34-year old Nigerian male, was involved in a road traffic accident. He presented at the Accident _ Emergency Unit of our hospital about 2 hours after the accident. Clinical examination revealed @entity3 (with intact ocular contents) and @entity6 . Emergency laparotomy was scheduled, to be followed with corneal repair. Anaesthesia was induced with 10   mg @entity1 , 100   mg @entity7 , and 100   mg @entity5 given intravenously in sequence. After laparotomy, the ophthalmologists reported for the corneal repair, only to find that the vitreous humour has been extruded. Conclusion. The fear about the use of @entity5 in @entity2 situations is real. It will be good clinical judgment to use alternative drugs and techniques to effect rapid muscle relaxation, in the anaesthetic management of the @entity2 @entity0 . This would be of interest to anaesthetists, ophthalmologists and clinical pharmacologists among others.

title: Vitreous humour extrusion after @entity5 induction of anaesthesia in a polytraumatized XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity3 /FOXO transcription factor is the major downstream output of the insulin/IGF1R signaling pathway controlling @entity1 dauer larva development and aging. To identify novel downstream genes affecting dauer formation, we used RNAi to screen candidate genes previously identified to be regulated by @entity3 . We used a sensitized genetic background [eri-1(mg366); @entity4 (m708)], which enhances both RNAi efficiency and constitutive dauer formation (Daf-c). Among 513 RNAi clones screened, 21 displayed a synthetic Daf-c (SynDaf) phenotype with @entity4 . One of these genes, @entity5 , was previously identified to be SynDaf, but twenty have not previously been associated with dauer formation. Two of the latter genes, @entity6 and @entity7 , are known to participate in innate immunity and six more are predicted to do so, suggesting that the immune response may contribute to the dauer decision. Indeed, we show that two of these genes, @entity6 and clc-1, are required for normal resistance to @entity0 . clc-1 is predicted to function in epithelial cohesion. Dauer formation exhibited by daf-8(m85), @entity4 (m708), and the wild-type N2 (at 27  C) were all enhanced by exposure to pathogenic bacteria, while not enhanced in a @entity8 (m130) background. We conclude that knockdown of the genes required for proper pathogen resistance increases pathogenic infection, leading to increased dauer formation in our screen. We propose that dauer larva formation is a behavioral response to pathogens mediated by increased dauer @entity2 production.

title: RNAi screen of @entity3 /FOXO target genes in XXXX links pathogenesis and dauer formation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity3 /FOXO transcription factor is the major downstream output of the insulin/IGF1R signaling pathway controlling @entity1 dauer larva development and aging. To identify novel downstream genes affecting dauer formation, we used RNAi to screen candidate genes previously identified to be regulated by @entity3 . We used a sensitized genetic background [eri-1(mg366); @entity4 (m708)], which enhances both RNAi efficiency and constitutive dauer formation (Daf-c). Among 513 RNAi clones screened, 21 displayed a synthetic Daf-c (SynDaf) phenotype with @entity4 . One of these genes, @entity5 , was previously identified to be SynDaf, but twenty have not previously been associated with dauer formation. Two of the latter genes, @entity6 and @entity7 , are known to participate in innate immunity and six more are predicted to do so, suggesting that the immune response may contribute to the dauer decision. Indeed, we show that two of these genes, @entity6 and clc-1, are required for normal resistance to @entity0 . clc-1 is predicted to function in epithelial cohesion. Dauer formation exhibited by daf-8(m85), @entity4 (m708), and the wild-type N2 (at 27  C) were all enhanced by exposure to pathogenic bacteria, while not enhanced in a @entity8 (m130) background. We conclude that knockdown of the genes required for proper pathogen resistance increases pathogenic infection, leading to increased dauer formation in our screen. We propose that dauer larva formation is a behavioral response to pathogens mediated by increased dauer @entity2 production.

title: RNAi screen of XXXX /FOXO target genes in @entity1 links pathogenesis and dauer formation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a significant role in immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. Excessive sensitivity of isolated Treg to apoptosis has been demonstrated in NOD @entity2 and @entity0 suffering of type 1 @entity1 , suggesting a possible role in the @entity5 that underlies @entity4 . In this study the sensitivity to apoptosis was measured in T cells from new onset @entity1 females, comparing purified subsets to mixed cultures. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Apoptotic cells are short lived in vivo and @entity3 occurs primarily during isolation, manipulation and culture. Excessive susceptibility of @entity8 (+) T cells to spontaneous apoptosis is characteristic of isolated subsets, @entity7 when @entity3 is measured in mixed splenocyte cultures. In variance, @entity8 (-) T cells display balanced sensitivity to apoptosis under both conditions. The isolation procedure removes soluble factors, @entity6 playing a significant role in sustaining Treg viability. In addition, pro- and anti-apoptotic signals are transduced by cell-to-cell interactions: @entity9 and @entity10 protect @entity8 (+) T cells from apoptosis, and in parallel sensitize na  ve effector cells to apoptosis. Treg viability is modulated both by other T cells and other subsets within mixed splenocyte cultures. Variations in sensitivity to apoptosis are often hindered by fast proliferation of viable cells, therefore cycling rates are mandatory to adequate interpretation of cell @entity3 assays. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of purified Treg to apoptosis is dominated by cytokine deprivation and absence of cell-to-cell interactions, and deviate significantly from measurements in mixed populations. Balanced sensitivity of na  ve/effector and regulatory T cells to apoptosis in NOD @entity2 argues against the concept that differential susceptibility affects disease evolution and progression.

title: Apoptosis of purified CD4+ T cell subsets is dominated by cytokine deprivation and absence of other cells in new onset XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a significant role in immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. Excessive sensitivity of isolated Treg to apoptosis has been demonstrated in NOD @entity2 and @entity0 suffering of type 1 @entity1 , suggesting a possible role in the @entity5 that underlies @entity4 . In this study the sensitivity to apoptosis was measured in T cells from new onset @entity1 females, comparing purified subsets to mixed cultures. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Apoptotic cells are short lived in vivo and @entity3 occurs primarily during isolation, manipulation and culture. Excessive susceptibility of @entity8 (+) T cells to spontaneous apoptosis is characteristic of isolated subsets, @entity7 when @entity3 is measured in mixed splenocyte cultures. In variance, @entity8 (-) T cells display balanced sensitivity to apoptosis under both conditions. The isolation procedure removes soluble factors, @entity6 playing a significant role in sustaining Treg viability. In addition, pro- and anti-apoptotic signals are transduced by cell-to-cell interactions: @entity9 and @entity10 protect @entity8 (+) T cells from apoptosis, and in parallel sensitize na  ve effector cells to apoptosis. Treg viability is modulated both by other T cells and other subsets within mixed splenocyte cultures. Variations in sensitivity to apoptosis are often hindered by fast proliferation of viable cells, therefore cycling rates are mandatory to adequate interpretation of cell @entity3 assays. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of purified Treg to apoptosis is dominated by cytokine deprivation and absence of cell-to-cell interactions, and deviate significantly from measurements in mixed populations. Balanced sensitivity of na  ve/effector and regulatory T cells to apoptosis in NOD @entity2 argues against the concept that differential susceptibility affects disease evolution and progression.

title: Apoptosis of purified CD4+ T cell subsets is dominated by cytokine deprivation and absence of other cells in new onset @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Untreated dental caries will eventually lead to @entity1 . Although much is known regarding the interaction of microbial antigens and the immunologic defense systems of pulp, many aspects of the pathogenesis of @entity8 are not fully understood. The relationship between @entity0 pulp stem cells (HPSCs) and the pathogenesis of @entity8 remains among the poorly understood areas. Many of the invading bacteria are known to produce considerable amounts of @entity3 ( @entity4 ), which causes apoptosis in some tissues. The aims of this study were to determine whether @entity4 causes apoptosis in HPSCs and to examine its signaling pathway. METHODS: Stem cells were isolated from @entity0 dental pulp and incubated with 50 ng/mL @entity4 for 48 hours. To detect apoptosis, the cells were analyzed by using flow cytometry. The mitochondrial signaling pathway was examined by determining mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Activation of the key apoptotic enzymes @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity2 was assessed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Release of @entity5 from mitochondria was also determined. RESULTS: The number of apoptotic cells increased significantly with @entity4 treatment from 1.6% to 16.3% (P < .01). Significant increases were also measured in the amounts of @entity7 and @entity2 and in @entity5 release (all P < .01) and in mitochondrial membrane depolarization (P < .05), whereas @entity6 activity was not found. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 causes apoptosis in HPSCs by activating the mitochondrial pathway. It is suggested that @entity4 might be one of the factors modifying the pathogenesis of @entity8 by causing loss of viability of HPSCs through apoptosis.

title: XXXX causes apoptosis in @entity0 pulp stem cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Untreated dental caries will eventually lead to @entity1 . Although much is known regarding the interaction of microbial antigens and the immunologic defense systems of pulp, many aspects of the pathogenesis of @entity8 are not fully understood. The relationship between @entity0 pulp stem cells (HPSCs) and the pathogenesis of @entity8 remains among the poorly understood areas. Many of the invading bacteria are known to produce considerable amounts of @entity3 ( @entity4 ), which causes apoptosis in some tissues. The aims of this study were to determine whether @entity4 causes apoptosis in HPSCs and to examine its signaling pathway. METHODS: Stem cells were isolated from @entity0 dental pulp and incubated with 50 ng/mL @entity4 for 48 hours. To detect apoptosis, the cells were analyzed by using flow cytometry. The mitochondrial signaling pathway was examined by determining mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Activation of the key apoptotic enzymes @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity2 was assessed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Release of @entity5 from mitochondria was also determined. RESULTS: The number of apoptotic cells increased significantly with @entity4 treatment from 1.6% to 16.3% (P < .01). Significant increases were also measured in the amounts of @entity7 and @entity2 and in @entity5 release (all P < .01) and in mitochondrial membrane depolarization (P < .05), whereas @entity6 activity was not found. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 causes apoptosis in HPSCs by activating the mitochondrial pathway. It is suggested that @entity4 might be one of the factors modifying the pathogenesis of @entity8 by causing loss of viability of HPSCs through apoptosis.

title: @entity3 causes apoptosis in XXXX pulp stem cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Fifty-seven male @entity0 with @entity4 have been investigated. Macroadenomas were found in 49 @entity0 of whom 24 had received pituitary surgery before elevated @entity5 levels were discovered. In 8 @entity0 radiology of the pituitary fossa revealed either evidence of microadenoma or a @entity6 . Prolactin levels ranged from 582 to 498 000 microU/ml. All @entity0 with @entity2 , including those who had undergone previous surgery, had @entity5 levels above 5000 microU/ml. Disturbances of libido and sexual potency were prevalent in the majority of @entity0 , less frequently accompanied by gynacecomastia and @entity7 . However, @entity1 were the reason for the first visit to the doctor in the majority of @entity0 . Pituitary surgery led to improvement of @entity1 , though prolactin levels were never normalized. Postoperative radiotherapy had no significant influence on @entity5 levels. In contrast, @entity3 therapy led, in the majority of @entity0 , not only to improvement of hypogonadal symptoms but also to normalization of @entity5 levels.

title: [ XXXX in the male: clinical aspects and therapy].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite earlier detection and stage migration, seminal vesicle invasion is still reported in the @entity4 era and remains a poor prognostic indicator. We investigated outcomes in @entity0 with pT3b disease in the contemporary era. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional radical prostatectomy database (1982 to 2010) of 18,505 @entity0 was queried and 989 with pT3b @entity2 were identified. The cohort was split into pre- @entity4 (1982 to 1992), and early (1993 to 2000) and contemporary (2001 to present) @entity4 eras. Of the 732 @entity0 identified in the @entity4 era 140 had lymph node involvement and were excluded from study. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine biochemical recurrence-free, @entity1 -free and @entity3 specific survival. Proportional hazard models were used to determine predictors of biochemical recurrence-free, @entity1 -free and @entity2 specific survival. RESULTS: In the pre- @entity4 , and early and contemporary @entity4 eras, 7.7%, 4.3% and 3.3% of @entity0 , respectively, had pT3bN0 disease (p >0.001). In pT3bN0 cases, the 10-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rate was 25.8%, 28.6% and 19.6% (p = 0.8), and the @entity2 specific survival rate was 79.9%, 79.6% and 83.8% (p = 0.6) among the eras, respectively. In pT3bN0 cases in the @entity4 era, @entity4 , clinical stage T2b or greater, pathological Gleason sum 7 and 8-10, and positive surgical margins were significant predictors of biochemical recurrence-free survival on multivariate analysis while clinical stage T2c or greater and Gleason 8-10 were predictors of @entity1 -free and @entity2 specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a decreased frequency of pT3b disease, and lower rates of positive surgical margins and lymph nodes, @entity0 with seminal vesicle invasion continue to have low biochemical recurrence-free survival. Advanced clinical stage, intermediate or high risk Gleason sum at pathological evaluation and positive surgical margins predict biochemical recurrence. High risk clinical stage and Gleason sum predict @entity1 -free and @entity2 specific survival.

title: A contemporary analysis of outcomes of XXXX with seminal vesicle invasion (pT3b) after radical prostatectomy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The excision of the @entity2 with a substantial margin of healthy parenchyma is considered the gold standard technique for partial nephrectomy. However, simple enucleation showed excellent results in some retrospective series. We compared the oncologic outcomes after standard partial nephrectomy and simple enucleation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 982 @entity0 who underwent standard partial nephrectomy and 537 who had simple enucleation for localized @entity3 at 16 academic centers between 1997 and 2007. Local recurrence, @entity1 specific survival and progression-free survival were the main outcomes of this study. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival functions and differences were assessed with the log rank statistic. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models addressed progression-free survival and @entity1 specific survival. RESULTS: Median followup of the @entity0 undergoing traditional partial nephrectomy and simple enucleation was 51    37.8 and 54.4    36 months, respectively (p = 0.08). The 5 and 10-year progression-free survival estimates were 88.9 and 82% after standard partial nephrectomy, and 91.4% and 90.8% after simple enucleation (p = 0.09). The 5 and 10-year @entity1 specific survival estimates were 93.9% and 91.6% after standard partial nephrectomy, and 94.3% and 93.2% after simple enucleation (p = 0.94). On multivariable analysis the adopted nephron sparing surgery technique was not an independent predictor of progression-free survival (HR 0.8, p = 0.55) and @entity1 specific survival (HR 0.7, p = 0.53) when adjusted for the effect of the other covariates. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first multicenter, comparative study showing oncologic equivalence of standard partial nephrectomy and simple enucleation.

title: Simple enucleation is equivalent to traditional partial nephrectomy for XXXX : results of a nonrandomized, retrospective, comparative study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2 survival is consistently lower in female and black @entity0 than in male and white @entity0 . We compared trends and differences according to clinical, demographic and facility characteristics by @entity0 race and gender to identify the impact of these characteristics on survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified @entity2 cases diagnosed in 1993 to 2007 from the National Cancer Data Base. Trends in grade and stage distribution between 1993 and 2007 were analyzed. Survival differences by race and gender were compared using 5-year relative survival and multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS: There were 310,257 white male, 102,345 white female, 13,313 black male and 7,439 black female @entity0 . Black and female @entity0 had a higher proportion of muscle invasive @entity1 than white and male @entity0 , and black @entity0 had a larger proportion of higher grade @entity1 . The incidence of stage 0a and of high grade @entity1 significantly increased with time. Multivariate analysis showed a significantly lower HR in white females than in white males (HR 0.9) but a significantly higher HR in black males and females (HR 1.2). The higher mortality risk in black males and females was primarily limited to late stage disease (HR 1.3). CONCLUSIONS: Survival differences by race and gender are partially explained by differences in @entity1 and demographic characteristics in black males and females, and fully explained by these characteristics in white females. Treatment delays and under treatment due to comorbid conditions, age and other factors may also contribute to these disparities.

title: XXXX : racial and gender disparities in survival (1993 to 2002), stage and grade (1993 to 2007).

answer: @entity2


abstract: Primary stabbing @entity1 ( @entity7 ) is a @entity2 , as brief, sharp, jabbing stabs, predominantly felt in the first division of trigeminal nerve. Population studies have shown that @entity7 is a common @entity1 . However, most @entity0 suffer attacks of low frequency or intensity and seldom seek for medical assistance. There are few clinic-based studies of @entity7 , and its real influence as a primary cause for referral to neurology outpatient offices is to be determined. We aim to investigate the burden of @entity7 as main complaint in an outpatient @entity1 clinic. We reviewed all @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity3 ), attended in an outpatient @entity1 clinic in a tertiary hospital during a 2.5-year period (January 2008-June 2010). We considered demographic and nosological characteristics and if @entity7 was main cause of submission. 36 @entity0 (26 females, 10 males) out of 725 (5%) were diagnosed of @entity7 . Mean age at onset 34.1      2.9  years (range 10-72). Mean time from onset to diagnosis 68.8      18.3  months. Twenty-four @entity0 fulfilled @entity3 for other @entity1 (14 @entity5 , 6 @entity4 , 2 hemicrania continua, 1 primary @entity6 and 1 primary exertional @entity1 ). 77.7% of @entity0 were submitted from primary care. In 14 @entity0 (39%), @entity7 was main reason for submission, its intensity or frequency in 5 (35.7%) and fear of malignancy in 9 (74.3%). Only two @entity0 of those who associated other @entity1 were submitted due to @entity7 . In conclusion, @entity7 is not an uncommon diagnosis in an outpatient @entity1 office. However, and according to our data, it is not usually the main cause of submission to a @entity1 clinic.

title: Incidence and influence on referral of primary stabbing @entity1 in an outpatient XXXX clinic.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Primary stabbing @entity1 ( @entity7 ) is a @entity2 , as brief, sharp, jabbing stabs, predominantly felt in the first division of trigeminal nerve. Population studies have shown that @entity7 is a common @entity1 . However, most @entity0 suffer attacks of low frequency or intensity and seldom seek for medical assistance. There are few clinic-based studies of @entity7 , and its real influence as a primary cause for referral to neurology outpatient offices is to be determined. We aim to investigate the burden of @entity7 as main complaint in an outpatient @entity1 clinic. We reviewed all @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity3 ), attended in an outpatient @entity1 clinic in a tertiary hospital during a 2.5-year period (January 2008-June 2010). We considered demographic and nosological characteristics and if @entity7 was main cause of submission. 36 @entity0 (26 females, 10 males) out of 725 (5%) were diagnosed of @entity7 . Mean age at onset 34.1      2.9  years (range 10-72). Mean time from onset to diagnosis 68.8      18.3  months. Twenty-four @entity0 fulfilled @entity3 for other @entity1 (14 @entity5 , 6 @entity4 , 2 hemicrania continua, 1 primary @entity6 and 1 primary exertional @entity1 ). 77.7% of @entity0 were submitted from primary care. In 14 @entity0 (39%), @entity7 was main reason for submission, its intensity or frequency in 5 (35.7%) and fear of malignancy in 9 (74.3%). Only two @entity0 of those who associated other @entity1 were submitted due to @entity7 . In conclusion, @entity7 is not an uncommon diagnosis in an outpatient @entity1 office. However, and according to our data, it is not usually the main cause of submission to a @entity1 clinic.

title: Incidence and influence on referral of primary stabbing XXXX in an outpatient @entity1 clinic.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complete surgical @entity1 ( @entity1 ) offers the only chance of cure; however, long-term survival remains very limited because of frequent recurrence after surgery. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether the preoperative serum @entity2 antigen (CA) 19-9 level could predict recurrence after curative resection of @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of @entity0 who were diagnosed with @entity1 and underwent curative resection. The optimal cutoff value for the preoperative serum level of CA 19-9 that predicted recurrence was determined by a ROC curve. Preoperative and postoperative risk factors for recurrence were evaluated using log-rank test. RESULTS: A total of 101 @entity0 were eligible for this study. The optimal cutoff value of preoperative serum CA 19-9 level to predict recurrence was 55  U/mL. Forty-five @entity0 (44.6%) experienced recurrence after curative resection with a median follow-up period of 28.4  months. Recurrence occurred in 33 (61.1%) of 54 @entity0 with CA 19-9 levels >= 55  U/mL compared with only 12 (25.5%) of 47 @entity0 with CA 19-9 levels <55  U/mL. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in @entity0 with baseline CA 19-9 serum levels >= 55  U/mL (hazard ratio, 3.282; 95% confidence interval, 1.684-6.395; P  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated preoperative serum CA 19-9 was associated with a high risk of recurrence after curative resection of @entity1 . Different treatment plans might be needed for @entity0 with @entity1 and high serum levels of CA 19-9.

title: Preoperative serum CA 19-9 level as a predictive factor for recurrence after curative resection in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To characterize dynamics of mucosal colonization of neonates by common aerobic Gram negative species and Candida spp. and to identify independent perinatal, neonatal, and environmental factors influencing the colonization process. STUDY DESIGN: The nasopharyngeal (n=1145) and rectal (n=1242) swabs were collected on admission and thereafter twice a week in neonates with risk factors of early onset @entity1 (n=276) admitted within the first 72 h of life. The association between colonization by different microbes and a total of 22 predefined risk factors was assessed using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Throughout the study about half of the @entity0 had rectal (55.8%) or nasopharyngeal colonization (42.8%) with common Gram-negative microorganisms. Colonization dynamics and risk factors were in general similar for a given bacterial species in both mucosal sites; nonfermentative microbes more often found in nasopharyngeal swabs and Enterobacteriaceae in rectal swabs. All organisms except @entity2 were influenced by the duration of intensive care unit stay but other risk factors were species specific, perhaps reflecting their mode of acquisition. While colonization by @entity2 and @entity4 was associated with perinatal factors like term birth, vaginal delivery, and breast milk feeding; colonization by @entity3 , Enteribacter cloacae, Acinetobacter spp. and non-albicans Candida spp. were mostly determined by hospital environment (treatment unit and period, artificial interventions and their duration) and gestation age  <= 28 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of risk factor profiles may permit the development of strategies to prevent heavy colonization and subsequent invasive disease in high risk @entity0 .

title: Risk factors associated with gut and nasopharyngeal colonization by common Gram-negative species and yeasts in neonatal intensive care units XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the results of extracapsullary dissection (ED) with superficial parotidectomy (SP) in the surgical treatment of benign @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Forty-one @entity0 who were diagnosed with @entity4 and underwent surgery between January 1992 and June 2000 were enrolled in this study. The @entity0 were divided into two groups: the ED group (6 males, 15 females; mean age 47.2 years; range 32 to 57 years) and the SP group (7 males, 13 females; mean age 47.7 years; range 29 to 61 years). ED was performed on 21 @entity0 and SP was performed on 20 @entity0 . All @entity0 were followed-up postoperatively and the mean follow-up time was 194 (range 117 to 264) months. RESULTS: Although no complications developed in the ED group @entity0 during the follow-up period, there were several cases in the SP group: three cases of salivary fistula, one of @entity5 , three case of temporary facial paresis and 13 of @entity2 . The @entity2 were as minimal @entity3 in the parotid region. There have been no recurrences in either group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding @entity2 (p=0.000 and X2=19.27). There was also a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding general complications (p=0.001 and X2Y: 8.32). CONCLUSION: Extracapsullary dissection is a safe and reliable surgical procedure compared to superficial parotidectomy with a lower complication rate and a similiar recurrence rate.

title: Extracapsular dissection versus superficial parotidectomy in XXXX of the parotid gland.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. @entity4 (ET)-1, which was originally found to be secreted by the vascular endothelium, is highly expressed in the kidney, particularly in the renal medulla. 2. Recent studies using genetic models have provided significant breakthroughs in the role of @entity3 in the kidney. For example, @entity3 in the medullary collecting duct physiologically regulates water and salt reabsorption, thereby controlling blood pressure. Surprisingly, to explain the blood pressure regulation both ET(A) and ET(B) receptors are necessary in collecting duct. In fact, we recently revealed that ET(A) receptor stimulation in the renal medulla was natriuretic and diuretic. 3. The expression and secretion of @entity3 in the renal medulla are regulated by multiple mechanisms, such as changes in osmolality, exaggerated renin-angiotensin system activity and @entity1 . The changes in the renal medullary ET system are likely to work as compensatory 'protective' natriuretic factors in response to high @entity2 exposure in the kidney. 4. In the present review, we focus on recent publications that describe our current knowledge of the functional role of renal medullary @entity3 , including the recently characterized actions of ET(A) receptors, the second messenger systems, mechanisms of stimulating @entity3 production and how the ET system is involved in the development of @entity0 .

title: New concepts in endothelin control of XXXX balance.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Selected @entity1 with isolated @entity0 ( @entity0 ) may benefit from surgical management; however, indications remain unclear and the risks may outweigh the benefits in @entity1 with a generally poor prognosis. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2006, 17 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 were considered for surgical management (<4 @entity2 , @entity2 <4 cm in diameter and no/stable extrahepatic metastases). Peri-operative and outcomes data were analysed and compared. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 were found to have extensive or untreatable disease on staging laparoscopy and intra-operative ultrasound (SL/IOUS). The remaining nine @entity1 underwent surgical management [seven laparoscopic radiofrequency ablations (RFA) and two hepatic resections]. Median length of follow-up for @entity1 treated surgically was 40.0 months, median disease-free survival (DFS) was 32.2 months and median time to disease progression was 17.7 months. Of the eight @entity1 not amenable to surgery, median length of follow-up was 21.8 months. CONCLUSION: SL/IOUS prevented unnecessary laparotomy in half of the @entity1 taken to the operating room for surgical treatment of @entity0 . In @entity1 with @entity0 , SL/IOUS should be considered standard of care before surgical intervention. The small number of @entity1 and short follow-up may be inadequate to determine the true value of surgical management in this group of @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Surgical management of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Previous studies have suggested an important role for the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signalling pathway in @entity0 development. Therefore, we explored genetic variants in JAK-STAT pathway associated genes with @entity2 risk. In samples of the EpiLymph case-control study we genotyped 1536 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using GoldenGate BeadArray    Technology (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). Here, we report the associations between selected SNPs and haplotypes of the JAK-STAT pathway and risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and most frequent @entity4 subtypes. Among 210 relevant JAK-STAT pathway-related SNPs, polymorphisms in nine genes (BMF, @entity1 , @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity11 , @entity9 , @entity6 ) were significantly associated with @entity2 risk. At a study-wise significance level, we obtained a risk reduction of 28% among carriers of the heterozygous genotype of the @entity5 variant ( @entity12 ) for @entity4 . For six other variants within the @entity5 gene we observed an inverse association with @entity2 subtypes. A reduced risk for @entity3 was observed for the heterozygous genotype of the @entity9 SNP ( @entity13 ). This is an explorative investigation to examine associations between JAK-STAT signalling related genes and @entity2 risk. The results implicate a relevant role of certain pathway-related genes in lymphomagenesis, but still need to be approved by independent studies.

title: Association of JAK-STAT pathway related genes with XXXX risk: results of a European case-control study (EpiLymph).

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report experience with laparoscopic-assisted intestinal resection and @entity2 for treatment of discrete intestinal masses using a novel wound retraction device. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: @entity1 (n=2) and @entity4 (6). METHODS: @entity1 and @entity4 with discrete intestinal masses identified by ultrasonography without evidence of intestinal perforation or @entity3 , were included. A 2 portal technique was used; 1 portal was enlarged for insertion of the wound retraction device through which the intestine was examined as thoroughly as possible. The diseased portion of the intestine was exteriorized through the wound retractor and resection and @entity2 of the intestinal mass performed. RESULTS: Of the 8 animals, laparoscopic-assisted intestinal resection and @entity2 through the wound retractor was performed in 2 @entity1 and 3 @entity4 . In 3 @entity4 , based on either location or extent of the lesion, 2 were converted to laparoscopic-assisted intestinal biopsies and 1 to an open colocolostomy. No other intra- or perioperative @entity5 were encountered and all animals survived to discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic-assisted intestinal resection and @entity2 can be performed in select @entity1 and feline @entity0 with modestly sized, discrete intestinal masses.

title: A wound retraction device for laparoscopic-assisted intestinal surgery in @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report experience with laparoscopic-assisted intestinal resection and @entity2 for treatment of discrete intestinal masses using a novel wound retraction device. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: @entity1 (n=2) and @entity4 (6). METHODS: @entity1 and @entity4 with discrete intestinal masses identified by ultrasonography without evidence of intestinal perforation or @entity3 , were included. A 2 portal technique was used; 1 portal was enlarged for insertion of the wound retraction device through which the intestine was examined as thoroughly as possible. The diseased portion of the intestine was exteriorized through the wound retractor and resection and @entity2 of the intestinal mass performed. RESULTS: Of the 8 animals, laparoscopic-assisted intestinal resection and @entity2 through the wound retractor was performed in 2 @entity1 and 3 @entity4 . In 3 @entity4 , based on either location or extent of the lesion, 2 were converted to laparoscopic-assisted intestinal biopsies and 1 to an open colocolostomy. No other intra- or perioperative @entity5 were encountered and all animals survived to discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic-assisted intestinal resection and @entity2 can be performed in select @entity1 and feline @entity0 with modestly sized, discrete intestinal masses.

title: A wound retraction device for laparoscopic-assisted intestinal surgery in XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The abscopal effect is the effect of radiation therapy at a site distant to the area of irradiation. This is not a common event and has not been clearly defined, resulting in few reported cases in the literature. We discuss this phenomenon in a @entity0 with @entity5 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 63-year-old Japanese @entity0 underwent extended right @entity4 . During his follow-up examination, a single lung @entity2 and a single mediastinal lymph node @entity2 were found. Trans-catheter @entity6 was initially attempted to treat the @entity3 , however this approach failed to take effect and carried risks of @entity6 . External-beam irradiation, with a dose of 2.25 Gy per fraction, was performed using an antero-posterior parallel-opposed technique (total dose, 60.75 Gy). A computed tomography scan performed one month after starting radiotherapy showed a remarkable reduction of the mediastinal lymph node @entity2 . In addition to this, we observed spontaneous shrinking of the lung @entity2 , which was located in the right lower lobe and out of the radiation field. No chemotherapy was given during the period. There has been no recurrence of either the lung @entity2 or the mediastinal lymph node @entity2 during a follow-up 10 years after the radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: We observed a rare abscopal effect in a site distant from the area of irradiation. Irradiation of the mediastinum resulted in @entity3 mass regression in the untreated @entity1 .

title: Abscopal effect of radiation on lung metastases of XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a high prevalence of subjective memory complaints (SMCs) amongst older adults, many of whom experience significant distress. It remains unclear why some older adults with SMCs experience more distress than others. The Common Sense Model of Illness Perceptions has been used to explain @entity0 ' differential response to illness based on the beliefs they hold about their illness and subsequent selection of coping strategies. The present study aimed to examine the role of perceptions and coping styles in predicting @entity1 and @entity2 in older adults with SMCs. METHODS: 98 @entity0 with SMCs completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire for @entity4 (IPQ-M), Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), Geriatric @entity2 Scale (GDS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the contribution of illness perceptions and coping to the explanation of variance in @entity2 and @entity1 . RESULTS: Perceptions of SMCs were found to predict both @entity2 and @entity1 while coping strategies did not. Perceptions of serious consequences of SMCs and causal attributions predicted greater @entity2 , while attribution of @entity4 to lack of blood to the brain was the only predictor of increased @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Illness perceptions predicted @entity2 and @entity1 in older adults with SMCs. Contrary to the Common-Sense Model coping style was not found to be an important determinant of @entity3 . The findings provide a basis for developing interventions to reduce @entity3 in older adults with subjective memory complaints. Targeting causal attributions and perceived consequences of SMCs may help to improve well-being.

title: Perceptions of XXXX are more important in predicting distress in older adults with subjective memory complaints than coping strategies.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the outcome of preperitoneal @entity3 mesh repairs performed during endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy (EERPE). @entity0 AND METHODS: Ninety-three @entity0 underwent @entity3 during 2125 EERPEs performed between 2002 and 2008. Seventy-seven @entity0 had a unilateral @entity7 and 16 bilateral @entity3 . @entity0 were treated with EERPE or nerve-sparing EERPE and pelvic lymphadenectomy (if indicated) for @entity5 . RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity0 was 63 years (range 49-75 years). Operative time was 150 minutes (range 85-285 minutes) and estimated mean @entity4 was 240   mL (range 30-600   mL). Blood transfusion was never deemed necessary. No conversions to open surgery took place. The mean duration of catheterization was 6.5 days (range 4-25 days). One @entity0 developed a pelvic haematoma, three @entity0 had symptomatic pelvic lymphoceles, and one developed an anastomotic stricture. One @entity0 suffered a @entity2 during the procedure and another developed @entity8 . The only complication of @entity7 repair was mild penile @entity9 and @entity1 . During the follow-up period, we have never observed mesh @entity6 or @entity7 recurrence. CONCLUSION: EERPE combined with either a unilateral or bilateral laparoscopic @entity7 repair appears to be a safe and effective procedure. The incidence of complications related to either EERPE or the @entity7 repair was not increased. Oncological and functional outcome of EERPE seems not to be influenced by the performance of @entity3 .

title: XXXX repair during endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy: outcome after 93 cases.

answer: @entity7