abstract: PURPOSE: Sonic hedgehog ( @entity4 ) signaling is critical to embryogenesis and resistance to chemotherapy. We aimed to examine the role of @entity4 signaling in the response to radiation of @entity0 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Response to ionizing @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was evaluated by clonogenic assay. Quantitative @entity2 -polymerase chain reaction for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) expression was performed. Cytosolic accumulation of @entity4 and nuclear translocation of @entity5 were assessed by immunofluorescence. @entity5 knockdown was done by RNA interference (RNAi). Immunoprecipitation was performed to detect @entity4 ligand in conditioned medium. Immunofluorescent stain for y-H2AX was used as an index of DNA double strand breaks (DSB). Expression of proteins related to DNA damage repair was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS: We found that @entity4 ligand could protect @entity0 @entity1 HA22T and Sk-Hep1 cells against @entity2 . In HA22T cells, @entity4 ligand activated the @entity4 signaling with upregulation of @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity5 expression. The nuclear translocation of @entity5 further supports the activation of @entity5 . The radioprotection by @entity4 ligand was partly blocked by @entity4 antibody neutralization and was abolished by @entity5 RNAi, suggesting a critical role of @entity4 signaling in radiation resistance. Furthermore, we noted that soluble factors secreted into conditioned medium, either constitutively or responding to radiation, by HA22T or Sk-Hep1 cells protected subsequent culturing cells against @entity2 . Immunoprecipitation shows the presence of @entity4 peptide in conditioned medium. Intriguingly, antibody neutralization of @entity4 ligand or knockdown of @entity5 reversed the radioprotective effect of conditioned medium. Furthermore, @entity4 ligand reduced the @entity2 -induced phosphorylation of @entity6 and impaired the repair of DNA DSB. CONCLUSIONS: Activation of @entity4 signaling protects @entity1 cells against ionizing radiation in an autocrine manner. Impairment of DNA damage repair might involve mechanism of @entity4 -induced radioresistance. Targeting @entity4 signaling pathway may be a novel strategy to enhance the radioresponse of @entity0 @entity1 cells.

title: Sonic hedgehog signaling protects @entity0 XXXX cells against ionizing radiation in an autocrine manner.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Sonic hedgehog ( @entity4 ) signaling is critical to embryogenesis and resistance to chemotherapy. We aimed to examine the role of @entity4 signaling in the response to radiation of @entity0 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Response to ionizing @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was evaluated by clonogenic assay. Quantitative @entity2 -polymerase chain reaction for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) expression was performed. Cytosolic accumulation of @entity4 and nuclear translocation of @entity5 were assessed by immunofluorescence. @entity5 knockdown was done by RNA interference (RNAi). Immunoprecipitation was performed to detect @entity4 ligand in conditioned medium. Immunofluorescent stain for y-H2AX was used as an index of DNA double strand breaks (DSB). Expression of proteins related to DNA damage repair was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS: We found that @entity4 ligand could protect @entity0 @entity1 HA22T and Sk-Hep1 cells against @entity2 . In HA22T cells, @entity4 ligand activated the @entity4 signaling with upregulation of @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity5 expression. The nuclear translocation of @entity5 further supports the activation of @entity5 . The radioprotection by @entity4 ligand was partly blocked by @entity4 antibody neutralization and was abolished by @entity5 RNAi, suggesting a critical role of @entity4 signaling in radiation resistance. Furthermore, we noted that soluble factors secreted into conditioned medium, either constitutively or responding to radiation, by HA22T or Sk-Hep1 cells protected subsequent culturing cells against @entity2 . Immunoprecipitation shows the presence of @entity4 peptide in conditioned medium. Intriguingly, antibody neutralization of @entity4 ligand or knockdown of @entity5 reversed the radioprotective effect of conditioned medium. Furthermore, @entity4 ligand reduced the @entity2 -induced phosphorylation of @entity6 and impaired the repair of DNA DSB. CONCLUSIONS: Activation of @entity4 signaling protects @entity1 cells against ionizing radiation in an autocrine manner. Impairment of DNA damage repair might involve mechanism of @entity4 -induced radioresistance. Targeting @entity4 signaling pathway may be a novel strategy to enhance the radioresponse of @entity0 @entity1 cells.

title: Sonic hedgehog signaling protects XXXX @entity1 cells against ionizing radiation in an autocrine manner.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome, tolerance, and @entity3 of stereotactic body radiotherapy, using image-guided robotic radiation delivery, for the treatment of @entity0 with unresectable liver @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIAL: @entity0 were treated with real-time respiratory tracking between July 2007 and April 2009. Their records were retrospectively reviewed. Metastases from @entity2 and other primaries were not necessarily confined to liver. @entity3 was evaluated using National Cancer Institute Common Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity0 with 62 @entity1 were treated with two dose levels of 40 Gy in four Dose per Fraction (23) and 45 Gy in three Dose per Fraction (13). Median follow-up was 14.3 months (range, 3-23 months). Actuarial local control for 1 and 2 years was 90% and 86%, respectively. At last follow-up, 41 (66%) complete responses and eight (13%) partial responses were observed. Five lesions were stable. Nine lesions (13%) were locally progressed. Overall survival was 94% at 1 year and 48% at 2 years. The most common @entity3 was Grade 1 or 2 @entity4 . One @entity0 experienced Grade 3 epidermitis. The dose level did not significantly contribute to the outcome, @entity3 , or survival. CONCLUSION: Image-guided robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy is feasible, safe, and effective, with encouraging local control. It provides a strong alternative for @entity0 who cannot undergo surgery.

title: Image-guided robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver XXXX : is there a dose response relationship?

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of oral @entity3 administered to facilitate tandem application to the cervix as a part of brachytherapy in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighty @entity0 with @entity1 who had been planned to undergo brachytherapy at Dr. L  tfi K  rdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital were evaluated in a double-blind, prospective, randomized trial. @entity0 were divided randomly into two groups of 40 @entity0 . The first and second groups received 400  g of @entity3 orally and placebo, respectively, 3 h before tandem application. The two groups were compared in terms of age, diameter of @entity1 , parity, age at first intercourse, amount of @entity4 and @entity2 at first tandem application, length of endometrial cavity measured by hysterometer, and size of Hegar dilators used for cervical dilatation. RESULTS: Of all cases, 63.6%, 16.3%, 10%, 6.3%, 2.5%, and 1.3% were Stage IIB, IIIB, IIIA, @entity5 , IIA and IIC, respectively. Mean (  SD) age (range) was 49.3    13.1 (25-83) years and 56.6    13.2 (30-78) years in the study and control groups, respectively (p = 0.015). Age at first intercourse, diameter of @entity1 , parity, amount of @entity4 at first tandem application, and length of endometrial cavity measured by hysterometer were not significantly different between the two groups. @entity2 score was significantly higher in the control group (p < 0.001). Application was significantly easier in the study group compared with controls (p < 0.001). Average size of initial Hegar dilators used for cervical dilatation was significantly higher in the study group compared with controls (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Administration of @entity3 400  g orally for cervical ripening before tandem application facilitates the procedure, increases @entity0 tolerability and comfort, and may decrease complication rates.

title: Randomized trial of oral @entity3 treatment for cervical ripening before tandem application in cervix XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of oral @entity3 administered to facilitate tandem application to the cervix as a part of brachytherapy in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighty @entity0 with @entity1 who had been planned to undergo brachytherapy at Dr. L  tfi K  rdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital were evaluated in a double-blind, prospective, randomized trial. @entity0 were divided randomly into two groups of 40 @entity0 . The first and second groups received 400  g of @entity3 orally and placebo, respectively, 3 h before tandem application. The two groups were compared in terms of age, diameter of @entity1 , parity, age at first intercourse, amount of @entity4 and @entity2 at first tandem application, length of endometrial cavity measured by hysterometer, and size of Hegar dilators used for cervical dilatation. RESULTS: Of all cases, 63.6%, 16.3%, 10%, 6.3%, 2.5%, and 1.3% were Stage IIB, IIIB, IIIA, @entity5 , IIA and IIC, respectively. Mean (  SD) age (range) was 49.3    13.1 (25-83) years and 56.6    13.2 (30-78) years in the study and control groups, respectively (p = 0.015). Age at first intercourse, diameter of @entity1 , parity, amount of @entity4 at first tandem application, and length of endometrial cavity measured by hysterometer were not significantly different between the two groups. @entity2 score was significantly higher in the control group (p < 0.001). Application was significantly easier in the study group compared with controls (p < 0.001). Average size of initial Hegar dilators used for cervical dilatation was significantly higher in the study group compared with controls (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Administration of @entity3 400  g orally for cervical ripening before tandem application facilitates the procedure, increases @entity0 tolerability and comfort, and may decrease complication rates.

title: Randomized trial of oral XXXX treatment for cervical ripening before tandem application in cervix @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) techniques demonstrated diffuse bilateral temporal and extra-temporal @entity1 in @entity0 presenting mesial @entity5 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The aim of this study was to assess these diffusion changes following temporal lobe surgery, by applying a novel voxel-based tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) technique for whole-brain analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Second, region-of-interest analysis (ROI) was performed to improve statistical power. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 22 @entity0 with unilateral @entity2 . Twelve @entity0 underwent temporal lobe surgery. Follow up MRI was done in a mean interval of 4 months. Voxelwise pre-operative FA asymmetry in all 22 @entity0 was assessed within subjects between lesional and contralateral hemispheres. The whole-brain post-operative dataset of 10 @entity4 -free @entity0 was compared with the corresponding pre-operative dataset using voxel-wise statistical analysis. Additionally, regional analysis at the fornices was done with skeleton-based region of interest (SROI). RESULTS: Within a mean interval time of 6.3 months after surgery, 10 of 12 @entity0 were @entity4 free (83.3%). The voxelwise comparison between lesional and contralateral hemispheres was consistent with previous studies showing a more widespread diffusion alteration in the lesional hemisphere. Voxel-wise comparison between post and pre-operative dataset did not show supra-thresholded voxels. SROI statistical analysis showed significant decrease in FA and increase in @entity6 in the ipsilateral fornix. Significant increase in FA was observed in the contralateral fornix after surgery. CONCLUSION: The ipsi-lesional fornix showed decreased FA and increased @entity6 after surgery, consistent with @entity7 . In contrast, contra-lesional fornix demonstrated increase in FA. This observation is important for our understanding of the fate of the remaining brain tissue following removal of an @entity3 focus. Postoperative increase in FA may reflect structural reorganization in response to @entity3 surgery. The discrepancy between SROI and voxelwise statistics emphasizes the difference of statistical sensitivity between voxelwise and ROI analyses.

title: Diffusion tensor imaging analysis with tract-based spatial statistics of the XXXX after @entity3 surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) techniques demonstrated diffuse bilateral temporal and extra-temporal @entity1 in @entity0 presenting mesial @entity5 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The aim of this study was to assess these diffusion changes following temporal lobe surgery, by applying a novel voxel-based tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) technique for whole-brain analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Second, region-of-interest analysis (ROI) was performed to improve statistical power. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 22 @entity0 with unilateral @entity2 . Twelve @entity0 underwent temporal lobe surgery. Follow up MRI was done in a mean interval of 4 months. Voxelwise pre-operative FA asymmetry in all 22 @entity0 was assessed within subjects between lesional and contralateral hemispheres. The whole-brain post-operative dataset of 10 @entity4 -free @entity0 was compared with the corresponding pre-operative dataset using voxel-wise statistical analysis. Additionally, regional analysis at the fornices was done with skeleton-based region of interest (SROI). RESULTS: Within a mean interval time of 6.3 months after surgery, 10 of 12 @entity0 were @entity4 free (83.3%). The voxelwise comparison between lesional and contralateral hemispheres was consistent with previous studies showing a more widespread diffusion alteration in the lesional hemisphere. Voxel-wise comparison between post and pre-operative dataset did not show supra-thresholded voxels. SROI statistical analysis showed significant decrease in FA and increase in @entity6 in the ipsilateral fornix. Significant increase in FA was observed in the contralateral fornix after surgery. CONCLUSION: The ipsi-lesional fornix showed decreased FA and increased @entity6 after surgery, consistent with @entity7 . In contrast, contra-lesional fornix demonstrated increase in FA. This observation is important for our understanding of the fate of the remaining brain tissue following removal of an @entity3 focus. Postoperative increase in FA may reflect structural reorganization in response to @entity3 surgery. The discrepancy between SROI and voxelwise statistics emphasizes the difference of statistical sensitivity between voxelwise and ROI analyses.

title: Diffusion tensor imaging analysis with tract-based spatial statistics of the @entity1 after XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 symptoms (cognitive function, daily-living function, and @entity1 ) become more serious over time, which is likely to increase caregiver burden. The aim of this study is to investigate which @entity2 -related symptoms, and how the progression of these symptoms, have influenced caregiver burden during a 1-year follow-up assessment. METHODS: A total of 110 @entity0 with @entity2 were assessed for their cognitive function, daily-living function, and @entity1 . Caregivers were assessed for their caregiver burden. Bivariate analyses were conducted between caregiver burden and @entity2 @entity0 ' symptoms, in order to examine which particular symptoms were significantly associated with caregiver burden at the baseline. A multiple regression analysis was then conducted with each significantly associated variable with a view to identifying determinants, influencing caregiver burden. Additionally, bivariate analyses were conducted between the changes in caregiver burden and the changes in @entity0 ' symptoms, to investigate which @entity0 variable could best describe caregiver burden from baseline to the 1-year follow-up. A multiple regression analysis was conducted with each significantly-associated change in symptom, in order to identify determinants that influence a change in caregiver burden. RESULTS: Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as @entity1 , aberrant motor-behavior, delusions and @entity5 were found to be significant predictors of caregiver burden at baseline, according to multiple regression analysis. In addition, changes in @entity1 , such as delusions, @entity3 and memory-related functioning in daily-living significantly predict a change in caregiver burden. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that @entity1 and @entity4 in daily-living functions are significant predictors of an increase in caregiver burden.

title: Factors Associated with Caregiver Burden in XXXX : 1-Year Follow-Up Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a lethal disease and the optimal therapy remains unclear. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy provides an increased chance of survival; therefore, we attempted to identify potential molecular markers that might improve evaluations of individual responses to therapy. METHODS: We recruited 109 @entity0 with resectable @entity5 . The @entity0 underwent radical esophagectomy and did not receive any other perioperative treatment. Expression of @entity7 and molecules involved in its targeted pathways, @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity8 and pAKT, was investigated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Correlations were observed between @entity7 and @entity4 expression; @entity8 expression was significantly correlated with the degree of @entity1 differentiation (P = 0.01). Stage III @entity0 were found to have longer survival if they did not express @entity6 than if they did (23 months vs. 11 months, P = 0.01). @entity0 with @entity7 not expressing @entity4 were found to have longer survival times than those with @entity7 who expressed @entity4 (18.8 months vs. 8.6 months, P = 0.021). Similarly, stage III @entity0 with @entity7 but not expressing @entity6 also survived longer than those expressing @entity6 (23.5 months vs. 3.9 months, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A high expression of @entity6 was significantly associated with poor survival in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity2 . Expression of a combination of molecules, rather than of individual molecules, was more predictive of disease prognosis. @entity7 and molecules of its targeted pathways may be candidate proteins as markers of chemosensitivity in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Role of @entity7 and its involving pathway in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a lethal disease and the optimal therapy remains unclear. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy provides an increased chance of survival; therefore, we attempted to identify potential molecular markers that might improve evaluations of individual responses to therapy. METHODS: We recruited 109 @entity0 with resectable @entity5 . The @entity0 underwent radical esophagectomy and did not receive any other perioperative treatment. Expression of @entity7 and molecules involved in its targeted pathways, @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity8 and pAKT, was investigated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Correlations were observed between @entity7 and @entity4 expression; @entity8 expression was significantly correlated with the degree of @entity1 differentiation (P = 0.01). Stage III @entity0 were found to have longer survival if they did not express @entity6 than if they did (23 months vs. 11 months, P = 0.01). @entity0 with @entity7 not expressing @entity4 were found to have longer survival times than those with @entity7 who expressed @entity4 (18.8 months vs. 8.6 months, P = 0.021). Similarly, stage III @entity0 with @entity7 but not expressing @entity6 also survived longer than those expressing @entity6 (23.5 months vs. 3.9 months, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A high expression of @entity6 was significantly associated with poor survival in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity2 . Expression of a combination of molecules, rather than of individual molecules, was more predictive of disease prognosis. @entity7 and molecules of its targeted pathways may be candidate proteins as markers of chemosensitivity in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Role of XXXX and its involving pathway in @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The anomaly of intrathoracic large vessels might not only compress the esophagus resulting in @entity4 , but also hinder esophagectomy, even leading to uncontrolled massive @entity3 . This paper reviews our experience of seven @entity0 with this diagnosis and their treatment. METHODS: From January 2007 through January 2012, among @entity0 admitted with @entity1 , there were seven @entity0 confirmed to have coexisted @entity2 . They were six @entity0 and one @entity0 , aged 52 to 63 (mean 58.42). The @entity2 included @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in three cases, post-aortic left innominate vein (PALIV) in two cases, and one case each of right aortic arch (RAA) and @entity7 of aortic isthmus (PAAI). Their diagnosis, surgical strategy, and outcome were reviewed. RESULTS: The @entity2 were missed by esophagography and endoscopy, but all identified by enhanced chest computed tomography (CT). Surgery was planned according to the anatomic features of the anomalies. @entity8 did not need special management. RAA underwent left thoracotomy in order to dissect the aortopulmonary arterial ligament and to facilitate the mobilization of the esophagus. PAAI had preoperative aortic stenting to prevent unexpected @entity6 . Prophylactic ligation of thoracic duct was performed on all @entity0 and no postoperative chylothorax was documented. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of @entity5 with @entity1 is rare, but easily missed in routine X-ray and endoscopy. Enhanced chest CT must be performed to confirm. Surgery should be designed individually in consideration of the anatomic features of the @entity2 . A routine prophylactic ligation of the thoracic duct is recommended.

title: Diagnosis and surgical treatment of XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The anomaly of intrathoracic large vessels might not only compress the esophagus resulting in @entity4 , but also hinder esophagectomy, even leading to uncontrolled massive @entity3 . This paper reviews our experience of seven @entity0 with this diagnosis and their treatment. METHODS: From January 2007 through January 2012, among @entity0 admitted with @entity1 , there were seven @entity0 confirmed to have coexisted @entity2 . They were six @entity0 and one @entity0 , aged 52 to 63 (mean 58.42). The @entity2 included @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in three cases, post-aortic left innominate vein (PALIV) in two cases, and one case each of right aortic arch (RAA) and @entity7 of aortic isthmus (PAAI). Their diagnosis, surgical strategy, and outcome were reviewed. RESULTS: The @entity2 were missed by esophagography and endoscopy, but all identified by enhanced chest computed tomography (CT). Surgery was planned according to the anatomic features of the anomalies. @entity8 did not need special management. RAA underwent left thoracotomy in order to dissect the aortopulmonary arterial ligament and to facilitate the mobilization of the esophagus. PAAI had preoperative aortic stenting to prevent unexpected @entity6 . Prophylactic ligation of thoracic duct was performed on all @entity0 and no postoperative chylothorax was documented. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of @entity5 with @entity1 is rare, but easily missed in routine X-ray and endoscopy. Enhanced chest CT must be performed to confirm. Surgery should be designed individually in consideration of the anatomic features of the @entity2 . A routine prophylactic ligation of the thoracic duct is recommended.

title: Diagnosis and surgical treatment of @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Missed diagnoses are an important area of care quality resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Determination of rates and causes has been limited by difficulties in screening, including the effort of manual chart review. We developed and tested a semi- automated review tool to expedite screening for diagnostic errors in an electronic health record (EHR). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed @entity0 seen in the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of a teaching hospital over 31 days, using an automated screen to identify those with a prior in-system visit during the 14 days preceding their @entity1 visit. We collected prior and subsequent notes from the institution's EHR for these cases, then populated a specially designed relational database enabling rapid comparison of prior visit records to the sentinel @entity1 visit. Each case was assessed for potential missed or delayed diagnosis, and rated by likelihood as "definite, probable, possible, unlikely or none." RESULTS: A total of 5 066 @entity0 encounters were screened by a clinician using the tool, of which 1 498 (30%) had a clinical encounter within the preceding 14 days. Of these, 37 encounters (2.6% of those reviewed) were "definite" or "probable" missed diagnoses. The rapid review tool took a mean of 1.9 minutes per case for primary review, compared with 11.2 minutes per case for reviews without the automated tool. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic errors were present in a significant number of cases presenting to the @entity1 after recent healthcare visits. An innovative review tool enabled a substantially increased efficiency in screening for diagnostic errors.

title: Use of an Expedited Review Tool to Screen for Prior Diagnostic Error in Emergency Department XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The characteristics of @entity2 in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are important to evaluate, as they define several clinical categories. The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints are frequently involved. Few studies have investigated peripheral joint evaluation using ultrasonography, a sensitive tool for detecting subclinical @entity2 . Our objectives here were to compare clinical and ultrasound evaluations of MCP and @entity2 and to determine the prevalence of predefined ultrasound abnormalities in @entity5 @entity0 and healthy controls. METHODS: Standardized physical and ultrasound assessments of the same joints were done in 31 consecutive @entity0 with @entity5 and 41 healthy volunteers. Joint @entity1 , motion limitation, and swelling were recorded. Ultrasonography was performed on the same joints by 2 trained sonographers who recorded synovial fluid, @entity3 , @entity4 , and power Doppler signal. Intraobserver reproducibility of ultrasonography was assessed. RESULTS: Of 558 peripheral joints examined in @entity5 @entity0 , 69 (12.5%) had @entity2 and 83 (15%) had abnormal physical findings. All the physical abnormalities were significantly associated with @entity2 (P < 0.0001) but agreement was low between ultrasonographic and physical findings. @entity2 was most common at the feet (59.4%), where it was detected clinically in only 25% of cases. @entity2 was associated with the presence of synovial fluid. Cartilage vascularization was found in 2 (4.2%) healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography is useful for monitoring @entity2 in @entity5 . Subclinical involvement of the MTP joints is common. Clinicians should be aware of the specific ultrasonographic findings in @entity0 .

title: Comparison of clinical and ultrasonographic evaluations for peripheral synovitis in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The @entity6 following @entity11 is a serious risk to @entity4 @entity0 . The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of alkaloid extract from Leonurus heterophyllus (LHAE) on cerebral @entity3 . After 24 h of reperfusion following @entity3 for 2 h induced by @entity10 ( @entity10 ), some @entity1 were intraperitoneally administered different doses of LHAE (3.6, 7.2, 14.4 mg/kg, respectively). Neurological examination was measured in all animals. @entity7 volume, @entity9 ( @entity9 ) activity, levels of @entity8 / @entity12 metabolite (NO) and apoptosis ratio of nerve fiber in brain were determined. The results showed that LHAE at 7.2 mg/kg or 14.4 mg/kg exerted significantly decreasing @entity2 scores and reducing the @entity7 volume on @entity1 with focal cerebral @entity3 (p<0.05). At those dose, the @entity9 content were significantly decreased in ischemic brain as compared with model group (p<0.05). LHAE at 14.4 mg/kg significantly decreased the NO level compared with the model group (p<0.05). In addition, LHAE significantly decreased the apoptosis ratio of nerve fiber compared with the model group (p<0.05). This study suggests that LHAE may be used for treatment of @entity5 as a neuroprotective agent. Further studies are warranted to assess the efficacy and safety of LHAE in @entity0 .

title: Protective effects of alkaloid extract from Leonurus heterophyllus on XXXX reperfusion injury by middle cerebral @entity3 ( @entity10 ) in @entity1 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: The @entity6 following @entity11 is a serious risk to @entity4 @entity0 . The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of alkaloid extract from Leonurus heterophyllus (LHAE) on cerebral @entity3 . After 24 h of reperfusion following @entity3 for 2 h induced by @entity10 ( @entity10 ), some @entity1 were intraperitoneally administered different doses of LHAE (3.6, 7.2, 14.4 mg/kg, respectively). Neurological examination was measured in all animals. @entity7 volume, @entity9 ( @entity9 ) activity, levels of @entity8 / @entity12 metabolite (NO) and apoptosis ratio of nerve fiber in brain were determined. The results showed that LHAE at 7.2 mg/kg or 14.4 mg/kg exerted significantly decreasing @entity2 scores and reducing the @entity7 volume on @entity1 with focal cerebral @entity3 (p<0.05). At those dose, the @entity9 content were significantly decreased in ischemic brain as compared with model group (p<0.05). LHAE at 14.4 mg/kg significantly decreased the NO level compared with the model group (p<0.05). In addition, LHAE significantly decreased the apoptosis ratio of nerve fiber compared with the model group (p<0.05). This study suggests that LHAE may be used for treatment of @entity5 as a neuroprotective agent. Further studies are warranted to assess the efficacy and safety of LHAE in @entity0 .

title: Protective effects of alkaloid extract from Leonurus heterophyllus on @entity11 reperfusion injury by middle cerebral XXXX ( @entity10 ) in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity6 following @entity11 is a serious risk to @entity4 @entity0 . The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of alkaloid extract from Leonurus heterophyllus (LHAE) on cerebral @entity3 . After 24 h of reperfusion following @entity3 for 2 h induced by @entity10 ( @entity10 ), some @entity1 were intraperitoneally administered different doses of LHAE (3.6, 7.2, 14.4 mg/kg, respectively). Neurological examination was measured in all animals. @entity7 volume, @entity9 ( @entity9 ) activity, levels of @entity8 / @entity12 metabolite (NO) and apoptosis ratio of nerve fiber in brain were determined. The results showed that LHAE at 7.2 mg/kg or 14.4 mg/kg exerted significantly decreasing @entity2 scores and reducing the @entity7 volume on @entity1 with focal cerebral @entity3 (p<0.05). At those dose, the @entity9 content were significantly decreased in ischemic brain as compared with model group (p<0.05). LHAE at 14.4 mg/kg significantly decreased the NO level compared with the model group (p<0.05). In addition, LHAE significantly decreased the apoptosis ratio of nerve fiber compared with the model group (p<0.05). This study suggests that LHAE may be used for treatment of @entity5 as a neuroprotective agent. Further studies are warranted to assess the efficacy and safety of LHAE in @entity0 .

title: Protective effects of alkaloid extract from Leonurus heterophyllus on @entity11 reperfusion injury by middle cerebral @entity3 ( XXXX ) in @entity1 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: The @entity6 following @entity11 is a serious risk to @entity4 @entity0 . The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of alkaloid extract from Leonurus heterophyllus (LHAE) on cerebral @entity3 . After 24 h of reperfusion following @entity3 for 2 h induced by @entity10 ( @entity10 ), some @entity1 were intraperitoneally administered different doses of LHAE (3.6, 7.2, 14.4 mg/kg, respectively). Neurological examination was measured in all animals. @entity7 volume, @entity9 ( @entity9 ) activity, levels of @entity8 / @entity12 metabolite (NO) and apoptosis ratio of nerve fiber in brain were determined. The results showed that LHAE at 7.2 mg/kg or 14.4 mg/kg exerted significantly decreasing @entity2 scores and reducing the @entity7 volume on @entity1 with focal cerebral @entity3 (p<0.05). At those dose, the @entity9 content were significantly decreased in ischemic brain as compared with model group (p<0.05). LHAE at 14.4 mg/kg significantly decreased the NO level compared with the model group (p<0.05). In addition, LHAE significantly decreased the apoptosis ratio of nerve fiber compared with the model group (p<0.05). This study suggests that LHAE may be used for treatment of @entity5 as a neuroprotective agent. Further studies are warranted to assess the efficacy and safety of LHAE in @entity0 .

title: Protective effects of alkaloid extract from Leonurus heterophyllus on @entity11 reperfusion injury by middle cerebral @entity3 ( @entity10 ) in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Coccidiosis is a widely distributed disease with higher mortality and morbidity, which is caused by several species of protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Eimeria and recognized as a serious challenge for the poultry industry. This research was conducted to construct the recombinant plasmid pET32a(+)-ADF-linker-3-1E of Eimeria acervulina (E. acervulina) of the @entity3 and test the bioactivity of the ADF-linker-3-1E protein. The ADF-linker-3-1E gene of E. acervulina of the @entity3 was cloned by splicing by overlap extension by the polymerase chain reaction (SOE-PCR) and then inserted into the pET32a(+) to construct the recombinant plasmid pET32a(+)-ADF-linker-3-1E. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into @entity2 Rosetta (DE3) competent cells and then induced by @entity6 (0.6  mmol/L). The expressed product in the culture medium was identified by the @entity5 - @entity4 gel electrophoresis ( @entity1 -PAGE). The bioactivity of the ADF-linker-3-1E protein was tested by Western blotting. The result showed that the amplified ADF-linker-3-1E gene was about 1346  bp. The PCR amplification with the recombinant plasmid pET-32a(+)-ADF-linker-3-1E as a template resulted in a special band of 1346  bp. The digested products resulted in two fragments of 1346  bp target fragment and 5.9  kb pET-32a(+)-vector fragment. The results indicated that the ADF-linker3-1E gene was successfully inserted into the pET-32a(+)-vector. The expressed products in the culture medium resulted in a single band of approximately 54.8  kDa by @entity1 -PAGE. Western blotting analysis indicated that the recombinant protein could be reacted specifically with His-Tag(2A8) @entity0 mAb. This study indicated that the ADF-linker-3-1E protein with good bioactivity was successfully obtained, which laid a foundation for the exploitation of the nuclear vaccine by using the ADF-linker-3-1E protein.

title: Expression and identification of the ADF-linker-3-1E gene of Eimeria acervulina of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 is primarily considered an emerging infectious agent of @entity1 or @entity3 with a worldwide distribution. Rodents and snails are important invasive hosts for transmission and expansion of A. cantonensis. The objective of this study was to investigate infection levels of A. cantonensis in snails, the most important natural intermediate host. Our study location was Mueang Kamphaeng Phet district, Kamphaeng Phet Province, and was undertaken between October and December 2012. A total of 2228 freshwater and terrestrial snails were collected, comprising 1119 Filopaludina spp., 409 Pomacea caniculata, 275 Achatina fulica and 425 Cryptozona siamensis. @entity5 larvae were isolated by artificial digestion methods following Baermann's techniques. A low prevalence and intensity of A. cantonensis were observed in A. fulica, while higher numbers were found in @entity4 . None of the Filopaludina spp. and Pomacea caniculata were infected with A. cantonensis. Molecular characterization was performed by analysing the 264  bp of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Three @entity6 sequences of @entity5 were identical to A. cantonensis with 91-99% identity. Cryptozona siamensis has not previously been recorded as an intermediate host for A. cantonensis in Thailand. The infection of A. cantonensis identified in the natural intermediate hosts is new and important information to assist in the prevention and control of @entity0 @entity2 .

title: Levels of infection with the lungworm XXXX in terrestrial snails from Thailand, with Cryptozona siamensis as a new intermediate host.

answer: @entity5


abstract: To investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in @entity5 gene promoter and essential @entity1 (EH) in Chinese Korean and Han of Yanbian area, 220 EH @entity0 and 268 normotensive control individuals were enrolled. PCR and direct DNA sequencing were used to determine the @entity9 ( @entity10 ), @entity11 ( @entity7 ), @entity8 ( @entity12 ), @entity13 ( @entity14 ), and @entity15 ( @entity16 ) SNPs in the promoter region of @entity5 gene. Total @entity2 (TC), the @entity3 (TG), fasting plasma @entity4 (FPG), low density lipoprotein- @entity2 (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein- @entity2 (HDL-C) levels were examined by oxi-dase method. The plasma @entity5 and insulin were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that: (1) SNPs of @entity9 , @entity8 , and @entity13 were found and in Hardy-Weinberg equilib-rium (P>0.05), but not the case in @entity11 and @entity15 . (2) @entity9 and @entity13 were perfectly in link-age disequilibrium (D'=1; r2=1). (3) The allele G frequency of @entity9 polymorphism in Chinese Korean (21.10%) was significantly higher than that in Chinese Han (12.50%), and also higher in EH group than in the control group of Chinese Han. The genotype and allele frequencies of @entity8 showed no significant difference between the two groups ob-served. (4) The haplotype -11426G -11377C frequency in EH of Chinese Han was higher than in the control group (P<0.05). (5) The EH showed lower plasma @entity5 level compared with the control group (P<0.001) in both Chinese Korean and Han. Our results indicate that: (1) the perfect linkage disequilibrium of @entity9 and @entity13 is first reported, and the SNP of @entity9 is associated with Chinese Han and Korean. (2) -11426 G and -11426G -11377C are risk factor and risk haplotype in Yanbian Chinese Han, but not in Chinese-Korean. (3) The @entity6 is the important risk factors for EH in Chinese Korean and Han of Yanbian area. (4) There is no relationship between @entity9 polymorphism and the plasma @entity5 level.

title: [Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the promoter of @entity5 gene and essential XXXX in Chinese Korean and Han of Yanbian region].

answer: @entity1


abstract: To investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in @entity5 gene promoter and essential @entity1 (EH) in Chinese Korean and Han of Yanbian area, 220 EH @entity0 and 268 normotensive control individuals were enrolled. PCR and direct DNA sequencing were used to determine the @entity9 ( @entity10 ), @entity11 ( @entity7 ), @entity8 ( @entity12 ), @entity13 ( @entity14 ), and @entity15 ( @entity16 ) SNPs in the promoter region of @entity5 gene. Total @entity2 (TC), the @entity3 (TG), fasting plasma @entity4 (FPG), low density lipoprotein- @entity2 (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein- @entity2 (HDL-C) levels were examined by oxi-dase method. The plasma @entity5 and insulin were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that: (1) SNPs of @entity9 , @entity8 , and @entity13 were found and in Hardy-Weinberg equilib-rium (P>0.05), but not the case in @entity11 and @entity15 . (2) @entity9 and @entity13 were perfectly in link-age disequilibrium (D'=1; r2=1). (3) The allele G frequency of @entity9 polymorphism in Chinese Korean (21.10%) was significantly higher than that in Chinese Han (12.50%), and also higher in EH group than in the control group of Chinese Han. The genotype and allele frequencies of @entity8 showed no significant difference between the two groups ob-served. (4) The haplotype -11426G -11377C frequency in EH of Chinese Han was higher than in the control group (P<0.05). (5) The EH showed lower plasma @entity5 level compared with the control group (P<0.001) in both Chinese Korean and Han. Our results indicate that: (1) the perfect linkage disequilibrium of @entity9 and @entity13 is first reported, and the SNP of @entity9 is associated with Chinese Han and Korean. (2) -11426 G and -11426G -11377C are risk factor and risk haplotype in Yanbian Chinese Han, but not in Chinese-Korean. (3) The @entity6 is the important risk factors for EH in Chinese Korean and Han of Yanbian area. (4) There is no relationship between @entity9 polymorphism and the plasma @entity5 level.

title: [Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the promoter of XXXX gene and essential @entity1 in Chinese Korean and Han of Yanbian region].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extent of lymphadenectomy in @entity2 is one of the still unresolved and ongoing questions. Whether extensive procedures lead to better survival remains controversial. The detection of sentinel node could become a helpful method to define the desirable extent of lymph node dissection for each particular @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective, single-centre, clinical trial. Sentinel node is identified using vital blue dye. After performance of D2 lymphadenectomy, the pathologist minutely investigates all lymphatic nodes by histological and immunohistochemistry techniques. RESULTS: During a period of 36 months, an attempt to localise the sentinel node for biopsy was made in 22 @entity0 . The successful rate of sentinel node detection with a good relation between metastatic involvement of the sentinel node and other nodes was 56% (13 out of 22 @entity0 ). All these @entity0 suffered from small @entity1 and early stage of the disease. In large @entity1 and advanced stages, blue dye stained the tissue around the @entity1 diffusely rendering the identification of true sentinel node impossible. Fresh frozen section of the sentinel node resulted in two @entity0 in a false negative outcome because of micrometastatic involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Sentinel node biopsy in @entity2 using vital staining is a feasible method. Reliable results were seen in early stage of the disease. Fresh frozen section of sentinel node has probably a low sensitivity for detection of micrometastases.

title: Sentinel node biopsy in XXXX : preliminary results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The prevalence of diseases such as @entity2 and @entity8 continues to increase in the United States, affecting millions of @entity0 . It is well-established that @entity6 contributes to the pathogenesis of most @entity5 , especially in @entity0 and young adults. Despite current therapy (eg, inhaled corticosteroids, anti-leukotrienes, and bronchodilators), @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity5 remain symptomatic and experience frequent exacerbations of disease requiring oral @entity4 , emergency department treatments, and hospitalizations. @entity2 are traditionally referred to as immediate or type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, with IgE as a critical factor. IgE is involved in @entity1 , especially in early-phase response, but it may also be involved in the late-phase @entity2 response. A direct correlation between serum IgE levels and @entity5 exists. As logarithm IgE values increase, @entity5 prevalence increases linearly, even in @entity0 who are categorized as having @entity5 . In addition, there is a significant, although low association in @entity7 with IgE levels and positive skin test reactivity to pollens. Recent advances in our understanding of the role of IgE in @entity1 have led to the development of a monoclonal antibody to IgE that reduces IgE levels, thereby @entity1 . This review aims to provide an overview of the basic science of the IgE molecule and the clinical efficacy of anti-IgE therapy in @entity2 and @entity3 .

title: Mechanisms of IgE XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The absorption-enhancing effects of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) dendrimers with various generations (G0-G3) and concentrations [0.1%-1.0% (w/v)] on the pulmonary absorption of peptide and protein drugs were studied in @entity0 . Insulin and calcitonin were chosen as models of peptide and protein drugs, and their pulmonary absorption with or without @entity5 dendrimers was examined by in vivo pulmonary absorption studies. @entity5 dendrimers significantly increased the pulmonary absorption of insulin and calcitonin in @entity0 , and their absorption-enhancing effects were generation dependent. The rank order of absorption enhancement effect of these @entity5 dendrimers was G3 > G2 > G1 > G0. For the same generation, the absorption-enhancing effects of @entity5 dendrimers were shown to be concentration dependent. The @entity1 of these @entity5 dendrimers in the lung tissues was evaluated by measuring the release of protein and the activities of @entity3 dehydrogenase (LDH) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The @entity5 dendrimers with various generations and concentrations did not significantly increase the release of protein and the activities of LDH in BALF, indicating that these dendrimers did not cause any membrane damage to the lung tissues. The zeta potentials of insulin and calcitonin solutions changed to positive by the addition of @entity5 dendrimers, and the degree of positive charge as determined by the zeta potentials was linearly correlated with the absorption-enhancing effects of the @entity5 dendrimers. This positive charge of the @entity5 dendrimers might be related to their absorption-enhancing mechanisms for improving the pulmonary absorption of insulin and @entity2 in @entity0 . In conclusion, the @entity5 dendrimers are suitable absorption enhancers to improve the pulmonary absorption of insulin and calcitonin without any membrane damage to the respiratory tissues.

title: XXXX dendrimers can improve the pulmonary absorption of insulin and calcitonin in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The absorption-enhancing effects of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) dendrimers with various generations (G0-G3) and concentrations [0.1%-1.0% (w/v)] on the pulmonary absorption of peptide and protein drugs were studied in @entity0 . Insulin and calcitonin were chosen as models of peptide and protein drugs, and their pulmonary absorption with or without @entity5 dendrimers was examined by in vivo pulmonary absorption studies. @entity5 dendrimers significantly increased the pulmonary absorption of insulin and calcitonin in @entity0 , and their absorption-enhancing effects were generation dependent. The rank order of absorption enhancement effect of these @entity5 dendrimers was G3 > G2 > G1 > G0. For the same generation, the absorption-enhancing effects of @entity5 dendrimers were shown to be concentration dependent. The @entity1 of these @entity5 dendrimers in the lung tissues was evaluated by measuring the release of protein and the activities of @entity3 dehydrogenase (LDH) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The @entity5 dendrimers with various generations and concentrations did not significantly increase the release of protein and the activities of LDH in BALF, indicating that these dendrimers did not cause any membrane damage to the lung tissues. The zeta potentials of insulin and calcitonin solutions changed to positive by the addition of @entity5 dendrimers, and the degree of positive charge as determined by the zeta potentials was linearly correlated with the absorption-enhancing effects of the @entity5 dendrimers. This positive charge of the @entity5 dendrimers might be related to their absorption-enhancing mechanisms for improving the pulmonary absorption of insulin and @entity2 in @entity0 . In conclusion, the @entity5 dendrimers are suitable absorption enhancers to improve the pulmonary absorption of insulin and calcitonin without any membrane damage to the respiratory tissues.

title: @entity4 dendrimers can improve the pulmonary absorption of insulin and calcitonin in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 (SPC), an important cardiovascular mediator derived from @entity3 that has atheroprotective effects via actions on vascular endothelial cells (VECs) at normal levels in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism is not well known. To clarify this question, we first investigated the effect of SPC on VEC apoptosis and autophagy induced by deprivation of serum and @entity0 ( @entity0 ). SPC at 5-20     M inhibited apoptosis and induced autophagy in vitro. To understand the underlying mechanism, we investigated the role of integrin b4 in SPC-induced autophagy in VECs. SPC significantly decreased the level of integrin b4, whereas overexpression of integrin b4 inhibited SPC-induced autophagy. Moreover, knockdown of integrin b4 promoted VEC autophagy. To understand the downstream factors of integrin b4 in this process, we observed the effects of SPC on @entity2 -specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) activity and level of @entity1 . PC-PLC activity and @entity1 level in cytoplasm was decreased during autophagy induced by SPC, and knockdown of integrin b4 inhibited the activity of PC-PLC and the cytoplasmic level of @entity1 . SPC may promote autophagy via integrin b4. Moreover, PC-PLC and @entity1 may be the downstream factors of integrin b4 in autophagy of VECs deprived of serum and @entity0 .

title: Regulation of apoptosis and autophagy by XXXX in vascular endothelial cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity10 / @entity12 is a @entity2 that causes chronic @entity6 and increased erythropoiesis. Consequently, an expansion of bone marrow spaces may contribute to @entity9 / @entity5 . However, the pathogenesis of bone changes is not yet known. We, therefore, carried out the study on bone histomorphometry and biochemical and hormonal profiles in @entity0 and adolescents with suboptimally treated @entity13 with the hope of gaining some new insight into the cellular and structural alterations of thalassemic bone. Seventeen @entity0 underwent iliac crest bone biopsy for histomorphometric analyses. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) measurements were performed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Most @entity0 had @entity8 and delayed bone age. @entity3 was low especially at the lumbar spine. Serum @entity7 levels were almost always low. Bone histomorphometry revealed @entity4 , osteoid maturation time, and mineralization lag time, which indicate impaired bone matrix maturation and defective mineralization. In addition, @entity1 deposits appeared along mineralization fronts and osteoid surfaces. Moreover, focal @entity14 were found together with focal @entity1 deposits. Dynamic bone formation study revealed reduced bone formation rate. These findings indicate that delayed bone maturation and focal @entity11 are the pathogenesis of @entity3 in suboptimally blood-transfused thalassemics with @entity1 overload. @entity1 deposits in bone and low circulating @entity7 levels may partly contribute to the above findings.

title: Bone histomorphometry in @entity0 and adolescents with XXXX : @entity1 -associated focal @entity11 .

answer: @entity13


abstract: @entity10 / @entity12 is a @entity2 that causes chronic @entity6 and increased erythropoiesis. Consequently, an expansion of bone marrow spaces may contribute to @entity9 / @entity5 . However, the pathogenesis of bone changes is not yet known. We, therefore, carried out the study on bone histomorphometry and biochemical and hormonal profiles in @entity0 and adolescents with suboptimally treated @entity13 with the hope of gaining some new insight into the cellular and structural alterations of thalassemic bone. Seventeen @entity0 underwent iliac crest bone biopsy for histomorphometric analyses. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) measurements were performed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Most @entity0 had @entity8 and delayed bone age. @entity3 was low especially at the lumbar spine. Serum @entity7 levels were almost always low. Bone histomorphometry revealed @entity4 , osteoid maturation time, and mineralization lag time, which indicate impaired bone matrix maturation and defective mineralization. In addition, @entity1 deposits appeared along mineralization fronts and osteoid surfaces. Moreover, focal @entity14 were found together with focal @entity1 deposits. Dynamic bone formation study revealed reduced bone formation rate. These findings indicate that delayed bone maturation and focal @entity11 are the pathogenesis of @entity3 in suboptimally blood-transfused thalassemics with @entity1 overload. @entity1 deposits in bone and low circulating @entity7 levels may partly contribute to the above findings.

title: Bone histomorphometry in @entity0 and adolescents with @entity13 : @entity1 -associated focal XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity10 / @entity12 is a @entity2 that causes chronic @entity6 and increased erythropoiesis. Consequently, an expansion of bone marrow spaces may contribute to @entity9 / @entity5 . However, the pathogenesis of bone changes is not yet known. We, therefore, carried out the study on bone histomorphometry and biochemical and hormonal profiles in @entity0 and adolescents with suboptimally treated @entity13 with the hope of gaining some new insight into the cellular and structural alterations of thalassemic bone. Seventeen @entity0 underwent iliac crest bone biopsy for histomorphometric analyses. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) measurements were performed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Most @entity0 had @entity8 and delayed bone age. @entity3 was low especially at the lumbar spine. Serum @entity7 levels were almost always low. Bone histomorphometry revealed @entity4 , osteoid maturation time, and mineralization lag time, which indicate impaired bone matrix maturation and defective mineralization. In addition, @entity1 deposits appeared along mineralization fronts and osteoid surfaces. Moreover, focal @entity14 were found together with focal @entity1 deposits. Dynamic bone formation study revealed reduced bone formation rate. These findings indicate that delayed bone maturation and focal @entity11 are the pathogenesis of @entity3 in suboptimally blood-transfused thalassemics with @entity1 overload. @entity1 deposits in bone and low circulating @entity7 levels may partly contribute to the above findings.

title: Bone histomorphometry in @entity0 and adolescents with @entity13 : XXXX -associated focal @entity11 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity10 / @entity12 is a @entity2 that causes chronic @entity6 and increased erythropoiesis. Consequently, an expansion of bone marrow spaces may contribute to @entity9 / @entity5 . However, the pathogenesis of bone changes is not yet known. We, therefore, carried out the study on bone histomorphometry and biochemical and hormonal profiles in @entity0 and adolescents with suboptimally treated @entity13 with the hope of gaining some new insight into the cellular and structural alterations of thalassemic bone. Seventeen @entity0 underwent iliac crest bone biopsy for histomorphometric analyses. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) measurements were performed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Most @entity0 had @entity8 and delayed bone age. @entity3 was low especially at the lumbar spine. Serum @entity7 levels were almost always low. Bone histomorphometry revealed @entity4 , osteoid maturation time, and mineralization lag time, which indicate impaired bone matrix maturation and defective mineralization. In addition, @entity1 deposits appeared along mineralization fronts and osteoid surfaces. Moreover, focal @entity14 were found together with focal @entity1 deposits. Dynamic bone formation study revealed reduced bone formation rate. These findings indicate that delayed bone maturation and focal @entity11 are the pathogenesis of @entity3 in suboptimally blood-transfused thalassemics with @entity1 overload. @entity1 deposits in bone and low circulating @entity7 levels may partly contribute to the above findings.

title: Bone histomorphometry in XXXX and adolescents with @entity13 : @entity1 -associated focal @entity11 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To apply ergonomic task analysis to the performance of ultrasound-guided (US-guided) femoral @entity1 (FNB) in an acute hospital setting. DESIGN: Pilot prospective observational study. SETTING: Orthopedic operating room of a regional trauma hospital. SUBJECTS: 15 anesthesiologists of various levels of experience in US-guided FNB (estimated minimum experience < 10 procedures; maximum about 50 procedures, and from basic trainees to consultants); and 15 @entity0 (5 @entity0 and 10 @entity0 ), aged 77    15 (mean    SD yrs) years. MEASUREMENTS/OBSERVATIONS: A data capture "tool", which was modified from one previously developed for ergonomic study of spinal anesthesia, was studied. @entity0 , operator, and heterogeneous environmental factors related to ergonomic performance of US-guided FNB were identified. The observation period started immediately before commencement of positioning the @entity0 and ended on completion of perineural injection. Data were acquired using direct observations, photography, and application of a questionnaire. MAIN RESULTS: The quality of ergonomic performance was generally suboptimal and varied greatly among operators. Eight (experience < 10 procedures) of 15 operators excessively rotated their head, neck, and/or back to visualize the image on the ultrasound machine. Eight operators (experience < 10 procedures) performed the procedure with excessive thoracolumbar flexion. CONCLUSION: Performance of US-guided FNB presents ergonomic challenges and was suboptimal during most of the procedures observed. Formal training in US-guided peripheral nerve blockade should include reference to ergonomic factors.

title: Ergonomic task analysis of ultrasound-guided femoral XXXX : a pilot study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cilotax stent is a new type of drug-eluting stent (DES) designed to increase the antirestenotic performance of the @entity6 -eluting stent and decrease the risk of stent @entity5 by the incorporation of @entity7 . Therefore, we investigated the safety and efficacy of Cilotax dual DESs and compared their performance to that of @entity6 -eluting Taxus Liberte. @entity0 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for de novo @entity3 at 2 centers in Korea were randomized to receive Cilotax (n = 55) or Taxus Liberte (n = 56) stents. The primary end point was in-segment late loss at 8 months. The 2 groups had similar baseline characteristics. Cilotax stent was not inferior to Taxus Liberte stent as determined by in-segment late loss (0.28    0.30 vs 0.42    0.45 mm, difference -0.14, 95% confidence interval -0.27 to -0.01, 1-sided p = 0.028 for noninferiority). In-stent late loss was significantly lower in the Cilotax than in the Taxus Liberte group (0.22    0.31 vs 0.50    0.55 mm, p = 0.002). Although in-segment restenosis rate did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (3.8% vs 10.9%, respectively, p = 0.271), in-stent restenosis rate was significantly lower in the Cilotax stent group (0% vs 10.9%, p = 0.027). There was no stent @entity5 at 8 months in either group. Rates of @entity2 , @entity4 , and any @entity1 revascularization at 8 months were 0%, 0%, and 1.9%, respectively, in the Cilotax group and 1.8%, 0% and 3.6%, respectively, in the Taxus Liberte group. In conclusion, the Cilotax stent was safe and effective in decreasing late loss, indicating that this stent represents a promising new type of DES system.

title: Comparison of dual drug-eluting Cilotax stent and XXXX -eluting Taxus Liberte stent in native @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Cilotax stent is a new type of drug-eluting stent (DES) designed to increase the antirestenotic performance of the @entity6 -eluting stent and decrease the risk of stent @entity5 by the incorporation of @entity7 . Therefore, we investigated the safety and efficacy of Cilotax dual DESs and compared their performance to that of @entity6 -eluting Taxus Liberte. @entity0 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for de novo @entity3 at 2 centers in Korea were randomized to receive Cilotax (n = 55) or Taxus Liberte (n = 56) stents. The primary end point was in-segment late loss at 8 months. The 2 groups had similar baseline characteristics. Cilotax stent was not inferior to Taxus Liberte stent as determined by in-segment late loss (0.28    0.30 vs 0.42    0.45 mm, difference -0.14, 95% confidence interval -0.27 to -0.01, 1-sided p = 0.028 for noninferiority). In-stent late loss was significantly lower in the Cilotax than in the Taxus Liberte group (0.22    0.31 vs 0.50    0.55 mm, p = 0.002). Although in-segment restenosis rate did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (3.8% vs 10.9%, respectively, p = 0.271), in-stent restenosis rate was significantly lower in the Cilotax stent group (0% vs 10.9%, p = 0.027). There was no stent @entity5 at 8 months in either group. Rates of @entity2 , @entity4 , and any @entity1 revascularization at 8 months were 0%, 0%, and 1.9%, respectively, in the Cilotax group and 1.8%, 0% and 3.6%, respectively, in the Taxus Liberte group. In conclusion, the Cilotax stent was safe and effective in decreasing late loss, indicating that this stent represents a promising new type of DES system.

title: Comparison of dual drug-eluting Cilotax stent and @entity6 -eluting Taxus Liberte stent in native XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Conservative surgery is considered as standard and alternative mastectomy in early stage @entity0 but number of local recurrence is higher. Aim of the study was to detect number of local recurrences after conservative surgery and to identify risk factors of local recurrence especially importance of resection margins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Local recurrences were evaluated in @entity1 after conservative surgery in early @entity0 at department of surgery Atlas hospital in Zlin between January 2004 and December 2008. @entity4 (only one T3) @entity0 were included in study. Diagnostic biopsy, lumpectomy and quadrantectomy were performed. In all @entity1 axillary nodes were examined. Study guidelines required microscopic distance between resection line and @entity2 margin 5mm. Specimen after surgery was marked with black ink and from June 2006 with six colors ink. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy in additions to character of @entity2 followed surgery. RESULTS: Conservative surgery was performed in 330 @entity1 . Mean age was 59 years. Follow-up was 39.6 month. Stage of the @entity2 : 0 19x, I 101x, IIA 163x, IIB 33x, IIIA 5, IIIB 0, IIIC 9. Lumpectomy was made 11 lx including 11 diagnostic biopsies and quadrantectomy 219x. Final conservative surgery was 331x and mastectomy 19x. Positive axillary nodes were 98x. In breast local recurrence appeared in 5 (3.6%) @entity1 and one had regional recurrence without in breast recurrence. Distant metastases were 8x (2.4%) and ten @entity1 died on @entity3 without locoregional recurrence. CONCLUSION: Local recurrence appeared only 5x. Clear margins after breast conserving surgery are very important factor in prevention local recurrence. We recommend keeping 5 mm resection distance.

title: [Locoregional recurrences after conservative surgery in early XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the incidence and management of @entity1 in 4400 consecutive cases of robotic radical prostatectomy at a single institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From September 2001 to September 2009, 4400 @entity0 underwent robotic radical prostatectomy. We reviewed the intraoperative and postoperative data from @entity0 with @entity1 . Once recognized, the @entity1 were closed in 2 layers. Clear liquids were started the day after surgery. Healing of the vesicourethral @entity2 was confirmed by cystography 5-14 days postoperatively. RESULTS: @entity1 were identified in 10 @entity0 (0.2%). The mean @entity0 age was 58.6 years (range 44-68), and the mean body mass index was 25.8 kg/m(2) (range 22-29). The mean prostate-specific antigen level was 7.1 ng/mL (range 0.9-14.8), and the mean prostate weight was 58.9 g (range 22-102). The clinical stage was T1c, T2a, and T2c in 7, 2, and 1 @entity0 , respectively. The preoperative Gleason score was 6, 7, and 8 in 3, 3, and 4 @entity0 , respectively. All @entity1 were diagnosed and repaired intraoperatively. Of the 10 @entity0 , 9 had an uneventful postoperative course. The average urethral catheterization time for these @entity0 was 14 days (range 6-21). One @entity0 had gross @entity4 and developed a @entity3 requiring a delayed diverting colostomy. No perioperative mortality occurred. CONCLUSIONS: We found a low incidence of @entity1 during robotic radical prostatectomy. We have also demonstrated that @entity1 can be managed primarily with meticulous closure with minimal morbidity.

title: Management of XXXX during robotic radical prostatectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the usefulness of administration of superparamagnetic @entity7 (SPIO) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for assessing the efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) liver ablation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using a protocol approved by the animal research committee of our university, nine RF liver ablations were performed in three miniature @entity6 . Six ablations were performed after administration of SPIO in two @entity6 (group A). Three ablations were performed in the other @entity6 without administration of SPIO (group B). All @entity6 were sacrificed 4 days after the procedure. Harvested livers were scanned with a 1.5T MR system before and after fixation with 10% buffered @entity3 , and MR images were precisely compared with histological specimens. RESULTS: There were no histological differences between the two groups. All ablated @entity4 showed coagulation @entity0 at the external layer. There were no viable cells inside the coagulation @entity0 . All @entity1 had a hypointense rim on fast low angle shot (FLASH) images. The rims of group A were thicker than those of group B. The rims of group B corresponded histologically to congestion and @entity5 @entity0 area. The rims of the group A corresponded to @entity5 @entity0 and coagulation @entity0 areas. In group A, the hypointense rim reflected @entity0 Kupffer cells that took up SPIO before RF liver ablation. CONCLUSION: Administration of SPIO made it possible to precisely evaluate ablated liver parenchyma by hypointense rim on FLASH images. This method is helpful for the evaluation of safety margin after RF ablation for @entity2 .

title: Usefulness of administration of SPIO prior to RF ablation for evaluation of the therapeutic effect: an experimental study using miniature XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of Manual vacuum aspiration ( @entity6 ) with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in the management of first trimester @entity3 . METHODS: A single-centre randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted at Maternal and @entity0 Health Centre (MCHC), Unit-I, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad from April 2007-Dec 2008. A total of 176 cases with @entity3 at < 12 weeks gestation, with a diagnosis of @entity4 , incomplete, missed or septic induced abortion and molar pregnancy were randomly allocated to either @entity6 or @entity5 in the operation theatre. RESULTS: A total of 176 @entity0 were included out of which 70 underwent @entity5 and 106 had @entity6 . Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups except significantly higher gestational age and gestational sac diameter in @entity6 group. Majority of @entity5 were performed under general anaesthesia (95.7%) while majority of @entity6 were performed under paracervical block (60.3%). Complete evacuation was achieved in 89.6% with @entity6 vs 91.4% with @entity5 (p=0.691). @entity6 was superior in terms of significantly less @entity2 (62.08 +/- 32.19 vs 75.71 +/- 35.53; p=0.008), shorter hospital stay (12.26 hours +/- 6.97 vs 19.54 hours +/- 7.95; p=0.000) and less hospital cost (Rs 1419.5 +/- 1337.620 vs Rs. 3222.5 +/- 1816.02; p=0.000). Post-operative @entity1 assessment by visual analogue score (VAS) at 0 and 6 hours showed no significant difference (p=0.845 and p=0.157 respectively). The only complication was uterine perforation in 2 (2.4%) cases both belonging to @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 is a safe and effective alternative of conventional @entity5 . It is superior to @entity5 in terms of reduced cost and need for general anaesthesia and is thus useful at low resource setting with scarcity of electricity and general anaesthesia.

title: Manual vacuum aspiration: a safe and cost-effective substitute of electric vacuum aspiration for the surgical management of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Inflammatory and non-neoplastic diseases of @entity4 affect approximately 5% of @entity0 in every day laryngology practice. @entity7 is the most common cause of @entity5 in @entity4 and is supposed to affect 1,2% of population. Other, non inflammatory reasons of glandular swelling are sialodochitis ( @entity1 ), @entity3 of the duct, and chronic, obstructive changes in the ductal epithelium found in @entity0 with chronic recurrent (juvenile) @entity6 . Sialendoscopy is a minimal invasive technique aiming to visualize the lumen of the salivary ducts and their pathologies. It could be used for diagnostic reasons, in case of @entity7 extraction of stones and in case of @entity3 dilatation is performed (interventional sialendoscopy). In ENT Department Medical University in Pozna  , in the period 2008 XII between 2010 IV, 46 sialendoscopies were performed. @entity7 was observed in 29 @entity0 , @entity3 of main duct in 16 @entity0 . In 1 case any changes in ductal system were observed. In group with @entity7 , in 19 cases stones were removed endoscopically, in 4 @entity0 papillotomy was performed to extraction of the stone. In 3 @entity0 with big stones and an extreme posterior location, bilateral (external and endoscopical) approach was used. Any @entity2 were observed.

title: [Sialendoscopy as a non-invasive treatment method of XXXX and non-inflammatory processes causing salivary gland swelling].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Splenic @entity1 reflecting multiple metastases of @entity2 is often observed in the terminal stage, although solitary splenic @entity1 is extremely rare. In addition, late recurrence even after 20 years of operation is very unusual. We report the case of a 52-year-old @entity0 who was admitted to our department with a @entity2 . She had a past history of total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral sapingo-oophorectomy for @entity3 20 years ago. Abdominal CT scan revealed a huge mass of 12 x 8 x 5.5 cm between the spleen and the left kidney. Splenectomy was performed with a diagnosis of @entity2 . Microscopically, the @entity2 was a poorly differentiated @entity4 including components of poorly differentiated @entity3 , and was diagnosed as an @entity3 @entity1 . The @entity0 showed no evidence of recurrence until 5 years postoperatively. Splenic @entity1 is considered a terminal stage of @entity2 . However, when the lesion is solitary, surgical treatment is recommended.

title: Isolated splenic XXXX of @entity3 20 years after operation: a case report and literature review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Splenic @entity1 reflecting multiple metastases of @entity2 is often observed in the terminal stage, although solitary splenic @entity1 is extremely rare. In addition, late recurrence even after 20 years of operation is very unusual. We report the case of a 52-year-old @entity0 who was admitted to our department with a @entity2 . She had a past history of total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral sapingo-oophorectomy for @entity3 20 years ago. Abdominal CT scan revealed a huge mass of 12 x 8 x 5.5 cm between the spleen and the left kidney. Splenectomy was performed with a diagnosis of @entity2 . Microscopically, the @entity2 was a poorly differentiated @entity4 including components of poorly differentiated @entity3 , and was diagnosed as an @entity3 @entity1 . The @entity0 showed no evidence of recurrence until 5 years postoperatively. Splenic @entity1 is considered a terminal stage of @entity2 . However, when the lesion is solitary, surgical treatment is recommended.

title: Isolated splenic @entity1 of XXXX 20 years after operation: a case report and literature review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a mechanobullous genodermatosis that may be caused by mutations in the genes @entity1 and @entity2 encoding the basal epidermal keratins 5 (K5) and 14 ( @entity2 ). Three main clinical subtypes of @entity3 exist, differing in onset, distribution and severity of skin blistering. Previous reports of @entity1 and @entity2 mutations suggest a correlation between the location of the mutation and the severity of the associated @entity3 phenotype. OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of @entity1 / @entity2 mutations and the genotype-phenotype correlation in the largest tissue-confirmed @entity3 population is investigated. METHODS: @entity1 and @entity2 genomic DNA and cDNA sequences of 76 clinically well-defined unrelated @entity3 probands were amplified and then subjected to direct sequencing and product length analysis. Immunofluorescence microscopy on @entity0 ' skin biopsies with antibodies against K5 and @entity2 was performed to study protein expression. RESULTS: In 57 of 76 (75%) probands 41 different @entity1 and @entity2 mutations were identified, of which 12 were novel. Mutations affecting the highly conserved helix boundary motifs of the rod domains of K5 and @entity2 , and the @entity2 helix initiation motif in particular, were associated with the severest, @entity3 Dowling-Meara, phenotype. In 21 @entity3 probands (37%) the mutation was de novo. In 19 probands (25%) @entity1 or @entity2 mutations were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotype-genotype correlation observed in this large @entity3 population underscores the importance of helix boundary motifs for keratin assembly. Only three-quarters of biopsy-confirmed @entity3 probands have @entity1 or @entity2 mutations, indicating genetic heterogeneity in @entity3 . Alternative gene candidates are discussed.

title: Mutations in @entity1 and XXXX cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex in 75% of the @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a mechanobullous genodermatosis that may be caused by mutations in the genes @entity1 and @entity2 encoding the basal epidermal keratins 5 (K5) and 14 ( @entity2 ). Three main clinical subtypes of @entity3 exist, differing in onset, distribution and severity of skin blistering. Previous reports of @entity1 and @entity2 mutations suggest a correlation between the location of the mutation and the severity of the associated @entity3 phenotype. OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of @entity1 / @entity2 mutations and the genotype-phenotype correlation in the largest tissue-confirmed @entity3 population is investigated. METHODS: @entity1 and @entity2 genomic DNA and cDNA sequences of 76 clinically well-defined unrelated @entity3 probands were amplified and then subjected to direct sequencing and product length analysis. Immunofluorescence microscopy on @entity0 ' skin biopsies with antibodies against K5 and @entity2 was performed to study protein expression. RESULTS: In 57 of 76 (75%) probands 41 different @entity1 and @entity2 mutations were identified, of which 12 were novel. Mutations affecting the highly conserved helix boundary motifs of the rod domains of K5 and @entity2 , and the @entity2 helix initiation motif in particular, were associated with the severest, @entity3 Dowling-Meara, phenotype. In 21 @entity3 probands (37%) the mutation was de novo. In 19 probands (25%) @entity1 or @entity2 mutations were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotype-genotype correlation observed in this large @entity3 population underscores the importance of helix boundary motifs for keratin assembly. Only three-quarters of biopsy-confirmed @entity3 probands have @entity1 or @entity2 mutations, indicating genetic heterogeneity in @entity3 . Alternative gene candidates are discussed.

title: Mutations in XXXX and @entity2 cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex in 75% of the @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a mechanobullous genodermatosis that may be caused by mutations in the genes @entity1 and @entity2 encoding the basal epidermal keratins 5 (K5) and 14 ( @entity2 ). Three main clinical subtypes of @entity3 exist, differing in onset, distribution and severity of skin blistering. Previous reports of @entity1 and @entity2 mutations suggest a correlation between the location of the mutation and the severity of the associated @entity3 phenotype. OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of @entity1 / @entity2 mutations and the genotype-phenotype correlation in the largest tissue-confirmed @entity3 population is investigated. METHODS: @entity1 and @entity2 genomic DNA and cDNA sequences of 76 clinically well-defined unrelated @entity3 probands were amplified and then subjected to direct sequencing and product length analysis. Immunofluorescence microscopy on @entity0 ' skin biopsies with antibodies against K5 and @entity2 was performed to study protein expression. RESULTS: In 57 of 76 (75%) probands 41 different @entity1 and @entity2 mutations were identified, of which 12 were novel. Mutations affecting the highly conserved helix boundary motifs of the rod domains of K5 and @entity2 , and the @entity2 helix initiation motif in particular, were associated with the severest, @entity3 Dowling-Meara, phenotype. In 21 @entity3 probands (37%) the mutation was de novo. In 19 probands (25%) @entity1 or @entity2 mutations were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotype-genotype correlation observed in this large @entity3 population underscores the importance of helix boundary motifs for keratin assembly. Only three-quarters of biopsy-confirmed @entity3 probands have @entity1 or @entity2 mutations, indicating genetic heterogeneity in @entity3 . Alternative gene candidates are discussed.

title: Mutations in @entity1 and @entity2 cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex in 75% of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 of parents diagnosed with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), termed high-risk offspring (HRO), are at greater risk of developing @entity2 compared to healthy @entity0 of healthy parents (HCO). Gray matter volume (GMV) abnormalities have been observed in HRO, however, these reports are inconsistent. We posit that this variability may be attributed to differences in methodology among offspring studies; in particular, the presence of @entity2 symptoms in HRO. Here, we directly compared GMVs between symptomatic and asymptomatic HRO, and HCO. High-resolution T1-weighted MR images were collected from 31 HRO (18 symptomatic and 13 asymptomatic) and 20 age- and sex-matched HCO. HRO had at least one parent diagnosed with @entity3 . Symptomatic HRO were defined as having a @entity2 diagnosis other than @entity3 , while asymptomatic HRO were required to be free of any @entity2 diagnosis. Scans were processed using voxel-based morphometry methods and between group analyses were performed in SPM. Compared to HCO, the HRO group showed decreased GMV in the right inferior orbitofrontal, right middle frontal, and bilateral superior and middle temporal regions. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic HRO groups showed decreased GMV in these regions separately when compared to @entity4 . When comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic HRO, GMVs were comparable in all regions except the lateral occipital cortex. Our study compared symptomatic and asymptomatic HRO directly. In doing so, we provided further support for the presence of discrete @entity1 in HRO, and confirmed that these deficits are present irrespective of the presence of symptoms in HRO.

title: Gray matter volumes in symptomatic and asymptomatic offspring of parents diagnosed with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a potent vasoconstrictor released from the sympathetic nerves, has been suggested to counterbalance sepsis-induced vasodilation. Thus, the changes in plasma and tissue NPY concentrations in relation to hemodynamic variables and inflammatory markers in a porcine model of moderate @entity4 were investigated. Susceptibility of NPY to be removed by continuous hemofiltration in two settings has been also studied. Thirty-four @entity5 were divided into five groups: (i) control group; (ii) control group with conventional hemofiltration; (iii) septic group; (iv) septic group with conventional hemofiltration; and (v) septic group with high-volume hemofiltration. @entity2 induced by @entity3 continued for 22 h. Hemofiltration was applied for the last 10 h. Hemodynamic and inflammatory parameters (heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, plasma concentrations of @entity0 @entity1 factor-a, interleukin-6, and NPY) were measured before and at 12 and 22 h of @entity3 . NPY tissue levels were determined in the left ventricle and mesenteric and coronary arteries. @entity2 induced long-lasting increases in the systemic NPY levels without affecting its tissue concentrations. Continuous hemofiltration at any dose did not reduce sepsis-induced elevations in NPY plasma concentrations, nor did it affect the peptide tissue levels. The increases in NPY systemic levels were significantly correlated with changes in the systemic vascular resistance. The results support the hypothesis of NPY implication in the regulation of the vascular resistance under septic conditions and indicate that NPY clearance rate during hemofiltration does not exceed the capacity of perivascular nerves to release it.

title: Plasma and tissue levels of neuropeptide y in experimental XXXX : relation to hemodynamics, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hemofiltration.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 is the hallmark of a number of @entity1 . The advent of imaging techniques such as MRI has allowed for a fast and accurate assessment of body fat content and distribution. However, image analysis continues to be one of the major obstacles to the use of MRI in large-scale studies. In this study we assess the validity of the recently proposed fat-muscle quantitation system (AMRA(TM) Profiler) for the quantification of intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) from abdominal MR images. Abdominal MR images were acquired from 23 volunteers with a broad range of BMIs and analysed using sliceOmatic, the current gold-standard, and the AMRA(TM) Profiler based on a non-rigid image registration of a library of segmented atlases. The results show that there was a highly significant correlation between the fat volumes generated by the two analysis methods, (Pearson correlation r = 0.97, p < 0.001), with the AMRA(TM) Profiler analysis being significantly faster (~3 min) than the conventional sliceOmatic approach (~40 min). There was also excellent agreement between the methods for the quantification of IAAT (AMRA 4.73    1.99 versus sliceOmatic 4.73    1.75 l, p = 0.97). For the AMRA(TM) Profiler analysis, the intra-observer coefficient of variation was 1.6% for IAAT and 1.1% for @entity3 , the inter-observer coefficient of variation was 1.4% for IAAT and 1.2% for @entity3 , the intra-observer correlation was 0.998 for IAAT and 0.999 for @entity3 , and the inter-observer correlation was 0.999 for both IAAT and @entity3 . These results indicate that precise and accurate measures of body fat content and distribution can be obtained in a fast and reliable form by the AMRA(TM) Profiler, opening up the possibility of large-scale @entity0 phenotypic studies. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Validation of a fast method for quantification of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue for large-scale XXXX studies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In investigations of the natural history of @entity3 , the following conclusions were drawn. There are at least two types of @entity3 --a rapidly growing penetrating @entity0 (Pen) and a slowly growing superficial type (Super). The Super-type @entity0 are predominately @entity2 and are associated with favorable prognosis. A subtype of @entity0 , Pen A, is characterized by an elevated lesion and by differentiated @entity1 ; its @entity0 has a less favorable prognosis than a Pen @entity0 . The @entity0 ideally should be treated at the intramucosal stage. A @entity0 can be differentiated by cytophotometric DNA analysis. It seems that the @entity0 progresses to the funnel-shaped, non-Borrmann advanced type of @entity0 of a lesser incidence, and the Pen type leads to the most advanced @entity0 of Borrmann type. Low ploidy DNA patterns are seen in Super- and @entity0 , while @entity0 is featured by the high ploidy pattern. A slowly growing @entity0 is more likely to be detected because it remains at the early stage for a longer period. Conversely, the rapidly growing @entity0 is less likely to be detected until the @entity0 has reached an advanced stage. @entity4 symptoms accompanied by the Super type seem to create a detection bias, and the chance of @entity0 detection is increased. A rough estimation of the occurrence rate of slowly and rapidly growing @entity0 is about 1:2. The frequent occurrence of slowly growing @entity0 seems to be characteristic of a @entity3 , as such is not likely the case with @entity0 seen elsewhere in the GI tract. We have to direct considerable efforts to studies of rapidly growing @entity3 ; the early detection of @entity0 will be a top priority study in this field. The focus of inspection should be directed to differentiation of "type-oriented @entity0 ." Nearly 20 years ago we first proposed the concept of the Pen type of early @entity3 . At that time relatively few investigators seemed to accept our view. However, understanding has gradually increased and infiltrated among Japanese researchers. The Japanese experience with @entity3 has been thought to be singular because of the high rate of detection of early @entity3 in these two decades.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Early XXXX viewed from its growth patterns.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: For the fixation of displaced midshaft @entity2 different plates are available, each with its specific pros and cons. The ideal plating choice for this lesion remains subject to ongoing discussion. Reconstruction plates are cheap and easily bendable, but their strength and stability have been questioned. The aim of this study was to evaluate the failure rate of reconstruction plates in the fixation of @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study of all consecutive @entity0 with a displaced, midshaft @entity2 ( @entity4 /2b) treated with a 3.5-mm reconstruction plate between 2006 and 2013 were evaluated. The primary outcome measure was reoperation rate due to implant failure. Secondary outcome measures were nonunion, symptomatic malunion and elective plate removal. RESULTS: One hundred and eleven @entity0 were analyzed. During a median follow-up of 8  months, 14  @entity0 (12.6%) had implant failure, of which 7 (6.3%) required a reoperation. Three nonunions (2.7%) and no symptomatic malunions occurred. Plate removal was indicated in 37.8% of @entity0 because of implant irritation. DISCUSSION: The incidence of reoperation due to implant failure following clavicular plate fixation with a reconstruction plate is 6.3%. Although comparison with other plate types is difficult since rates in literature vary greatly, reoperation rates in other plates are reported around 2-3%, suggesting that reconstruction plates have a higher incidence of implant failure warranting reoperation. Therefore, especially in @entity0 with known risk factors for complications (e.g. smoking, @entity1 , @entity3 ), a stronger plate than a reconstruction plate should be considered. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV. Retrospective study.

title: Reconstruction plates for midshaft XXXX : A retrospective cohort study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) is becoming an important technique in the surgical management of young @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We retrospectively evaluated the outcome of laparoscopic FSS in presumed clinically early-stage @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively searched databases of @entity0 who received laparoscopic FSS for @entity1 between January 1999 and December 2012 at Samsung Medical Center. @entity0 aged  <=40 years were included. The perioperative, oncological, and obstetric outcomes of these @entity0 were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 18 @entity0 was evaluated. The median age of the @entity0 was 33.5 years (range, 14 to 40 years). The number of @entity0 with clinically stage IA and IC was 6 (33.3%) and 12 (66.7%), respectively. There were 7 (38.9%), 5 (27.8%), 3 (16.7%), and 3 @entity0 (16.7%) with mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, and serous tumor types, respectively. Complete surgical staging to preserve the uterus and one ovary with adnexa was performed in 4 @entity0 (22.2%). Two out of them were upstaged to The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIIA1. During the median follow-up of 47.3 months (range, 11.5 to 195.3 months), there were no perioperative or long term surgical complications. Four @entity0 (22.2%) conceived after their respective @entity1 treatments. Three (16.7%) of them completed full-term delivery and one is expecting a baby. One @entity0 had disease recurrence. No @entity0 died of the disease. CONCLUSION: FSS in young @entity0 with presumed clinically early-stage @entity1 is a challenging and cautious procedure. Further studies are urgent to determine the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic FSS in young @entity0 with presumed clinically early-stage @entity1 .

title: Outcomes of laparoscopic fertility-sparing surgery in clinically XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The first metatarsal bone can shorten after a distal chevron metatarsal osteotomy (DCMO). This shortening can result in a postoperative second metatarsal transfer @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of second metatarsal transfer lesions after DCMO. METHODS: This study involved 185 feet (138 @entity0 ), with @entity2 , treated with DCMO with Akin osteotomy. The mean @entity0 age was 51.7 years (range, 21 to 74). @entity0 were followed for an average of 28 months, between June 2004 and June 2010. We measured the length of first metatarsal relative to second metatarsal preoperatively and postoperatively, using Morton's and Hardy-Clapham's methods. A second metatarsal transfer @entity1 was defined as a newly developed @entity1 , including @entity3 , a painful @entity4 , or a @entity4 , which was not present prior to the DCMO. The relation of the shortened first metatarsal after DCMO with the occurrence of second metatarsal transfer @entity1 was evaluated. RESULTS: Second metatarsal transfer lesions ( @entity4 ) developed in 5 feet (2.7%) of 185 feet. Twenty-four preoperative second metatarsal lesions were improved postoperatively. The median shortening of the first metatarsal bone after DCMO was 0.6 mm according to Morton's method (range, -6.4 to 6.4), and 1.9 according to Hardy-Clapham's method (range, -5.8 to 5.8). According to the extent of first metatarsal shortening after DCMO by Hardy-Clapham's method and Morton's method, there was no significant difference of the occurrence of second transfer metatarsal lesions (P = .259 and P = .176, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, second metatarsal transfer lesions developed in 2.7% of feet after DCMO. The occurrence of second metatarsal transfer lesions did not appear to be correlated with the degree of first metatarsal shortening in cases with less than 5.8 mm shortening. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, retrospective case series.

title: Second Metatarsal Transfer Lesions Due to First Metatarsal Shortening After Distal Chevron Metatarsal Osteotomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the follow-up results of @entity0 who received late-term surgical treatment for @entity3 caused by penetrating injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 25 @entity0 who underwent surgery for @entity3 in our clinic between 2007 and 2013. The @entity0 were evaluated with respect to age, gender, etiology of the @entity1 , the affected nerve, clinical examinations, electrophysiological findings, surgical techniques and functional outcomes. RESULTS: The study included 30 nerves of 25 @entity0 (19 male, 6 female; mean age 30.1 years). The mean time between the @entity1 and admission to our clinic was 11.5 months (range, 3 to 30 months). Cuts caused by glass were the most common cause of injury (68.5%). The most commonly injured nerves in our @entity0 were the median nerve (43.4%) and ulnar nerve (26.6%). External neurolysis and decompression were performed in eleven @entity0 , epineurotomy and internal neurolysis were performed in eight @entity0 , epineural repair was performed in fourteen @entity0 , fascicular repair was performed in three @entity0 , and interfascicular @entity2 using sural nerve grafting was performed in five @entity0 . Postoperative motor strength and electrophysiological analyses showed significant improvements. Better outcomes were obtained in cases with median nerve injuries rather than other nerve injuries. Additionally, @entity0 undergoing external neurolysis and decompression exhibited better outcomes than those undergoing other surgical approaches. CONCLUSION: Although surgical treatment is recommended as early as possible for @entity3 , late-term surgical treatments may provide positive outcomes.

title: The Outcomes of Late Term Surgical Treatment of Penetrating XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although a change in renal nerve activity is known to alter proximal reabsorption, it is unclear whether reabsorption of @entity7 or @entity3 or both are affected. @entity0 (n = 10) were studied using free-flow micropuncture techniques during euvolemia and following acute ipsilateral denervation. Glomerular filtration rate and single nephron glomerular filtration rate were stable. Absolute proximal @entity6 reabsorption fell following denervation (933 +/- 40 to 817 +/- 30 pmol/min) with a parallel reduction in @entity5 reabsorption (1,643 +/- 116 to 1,341 +/- 129 peq/min). Urinary @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity5 excretion all increased significantly. To further assess the physiological significance of neurogenic modulation of proximal transport, other @entity0 (n = 6) were subjected to acute unilateral nephrectomy (AUN). There is evidence that AUN induces a contralateral natriuresis (renorenal reflex) at least partially by causing inhibition of efferent renal nerve traffic. AUN caused significant changes in proximal @entity7 and @entity3 reabsorption as well as in whole kidney electrolyte excretion in the same pattern as had denervation. Prior denervation of the remaining kidney prevented the proximal and whole kidney response to AUN (n = 6). In conclusion, @entity1 of renal nerve activity inhibits both @entity7 and @entity3 reabsorption in the @entity0 superficial proximal convoluted tubule. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in renal nerve activity modify whole kidney electrolyte excretion under physiological conditions at least partially by regulating proximal transport.

title: Neurogenic regulation of proximal @entity6 and XXXX reabsorption.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Although a change in renal nerve activity is known to alter proximal reabsorption, it is unclear whether reabsorption of @entity7 or @entity3 or both are affected. @entity0 (n = 10) were studied using free-flow micropuncture techniques during euvolemia and following acute ipsilateral denervation. Glomerular filtration rate and single nephron glomerular filtration rate were stable. Absolute proximal @entity6 reabsorption fell following denervation (933 +/- 40 to 817 +/- 30 pmol/min) with a parallel reduction in @entity5 reabsorption (1,643 +/- 116 to 1,341 +/- 129 peq/min). Urinary @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity5 excretion all increased significantly. To further assess the physiological significance of neurogenic modulation of proximal transport, other @entity0 (n = 6) were subjected to acute unilateral nephrectomy (AUN). There is evidence that AUN induces a contralateral natriuresis (renorenal reflex) at least partially by causing inhibition of efferent renal nerve traffic. AUN caused significant changes in proximal @entity7 and @entity3 reabsorption as well as in whole kidney electrolyte excretion in the same pattern as had denervation. Prior denervation of the remaining kidney prevented the proximal and whole kidney response to AUN (n = 6). In conclusion, @entity1 of renal nerve activity inhibits both @entity7 and @entity3 reabsorption in the @entity0 superficial proximal convoluted tubule. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in renal nerve activity modify whole kidney electrolyte excretion under physiological conditions at least partially by regulating proximal transport.

title: Neurogenic regulation of proximal XXXX and @entity5 reabsorption.

answer: @entity6