abstract: OBJECTIVE: Anti-mesangial cell autoantibodies (anti-MC) have been reported in @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity4 . The aim of the current study was to identify anti-MC autoantibodies in sera from @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: 96 serum samples were collected from 96 @entity0 with renal biopsy proven @entity3 . Anti-MC autoantibodies were examined by cellular ELISA and Western blot analysis. In vitro cultured @entity0 mesangial cells were used as cell substrate in ELISA and the their soluble proteins in non-reducing conditions were used as antigens in Western-blot analysis. RESULTS: 37.5% and 97.9% of the serum samples from @entity0 with @entity3 had anti-MC autoantibodies in cellular ELISA and Western blot analysis respectively, and 12 protein bands could be blotted by the @entity3 sera in Western blot analysis. The percentage of anti-63 000 autoantibody positive samples was significant higher in female @entity0 than that in the male (59.8% vs 21.4%, P < 0.01). The prevalence of anti-74 000, 46 000, and 36 000 autoantibodies were significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity2 than that in @entity0 without @entity2 (36.8% vs 5.0%, P < 0.01; 34.2% vs 10.0%, P < 0.05; 31.6% vs 5.0%, P < 0.05; respectively). The prevalence of anti-63 000 autoantibodies was also significantly higher in @entity0 with ANA than that in @entity0 without (67.6% vs 16.7%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of anti-18 000 autoantibodies was significantly higher in patients with anti-dsDNA antibodies than that in @entity0 without (61.5% vs 34.4%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There are heterogeneous anti-MC autoantibodies in sera from @entity0 with @entity3 . Anti-MC autoantibodies may have a pathogenic role in @entity3 and some anti-MC autoantibodies may be associated with different clinical manifestations.

title: [Anti-mesangial cell autoantibodies and their target antigens in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the significance of expression of peripheral blood neutrophil @entity2 (64) to distinguish @entity1 from disease activation in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: 19 @entity0 with @entity1 and 46 @entity0 with @entity1 in 65 @entity3 @entity0 were studied. The levels of peripheral blood neutrophil @entity2 (64) were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The levels of peripheral blood neutrophil @entity2 (64) in @entity3 @entity0 were [(7.8 +/- 2.1)%], which were significantly higher than that of @entity1 group [(3.2 +/- 1.4)%] and healthy control [(3.0 +/- 1.1)%, P > 0.05]. However, there were no significance between the levels of @entity1 group and healthy control (P > 0.05). There were no significance between the levels of @entity2 (64) of disease activation and silence group and @entity1 group (P > 0.05). In @entity3 group, the levels of @entity2 (64) expression in @entity0 with Gram-negative [(9.2 +/- 1.6)%] were compared with [(7.2 +/- 2.2)%] those with Gram-positive. The differences were not significant (P > 0.05). The levels of @entity2 (64) of @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 were decreased by treatment with antibiotics. The correlation of the levels of @entity2 (64) with anti-dsDNA, C(3), ESR, @entity4 , @entity3 activity index and IFANA were not found (respectively r = 0.104, P = 0.409; r = -0.125, P = 0.322; r = -0.138, P = 0.274; r = 0.228, P = 0.068; r = 0.204, P = 0.310; r = -0.213, P = 0.089). CONCLUSION: The levels of peripheral blood neutrophil @entity2 (64) may help us distinguish @entity1 from disease activation in @entity3 .

title: [The expression of peripheral blood neutrophil CD64 in XXXX with @entity1 or disease activation].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the significance of expression of peripheral blood neutrophil @entity2 (64) to distinguish @entity1 from disease activation in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: 19 @entity0 with @entity1 and 46 @entity0 with @entity1 in 65 @entity3 @entity0 were studied. The levels of peripheral blood neutrophil @entity2 (64) were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The levels of peripheral blood neutrophil @entity2 (64) in @entity3 @entity0 were [(7.8 +/- 2.1)%], which were significantly higher than that of @entity1 group [(3.2 +/- 1.4)%] and healthy control [(3.0 +/- 1.1)%, P > 0.05]. However, there were no significance between the levels of @entity1 group and healthy control (P > 0.05). There were no significance between the levels of @entity2 (64) of disease activation and silence group and @entity1 group (P > 0.05). In @entity3 group, the levels of @entity2 (64) expression in @entity0 with Gram-negative [(9.2 +/- 1.6)%] were compared with [(7.2 +/- 2.2)%] those with Gram-positive. The differences were not significant (P > 0.05). The levels of @entity2 (64) of @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 were decreased by treatment with antibiotics. The correlation of the levels of @entity2 (64) with anti-dsDNA, C(3), ESR, @entity4 , @entity3 activity index and IFANA were not found (respectively r = 0.104, P = 0.409; r = -0.125, P = 0.322; r = -0.138, P = 0.274; r = 0.228, P = 0.068; r = 0.204, P = 0.310; r = -0.213, P = 0.089). CONCLUSION: The levels of peripheral blood neutrophil @entity2 (64) may help us distinguish @entity1 from disease activation in @entity3 .

title: [The expression of peripheral blood neutrophil CD64 in @entity3 with XXXX or disease activation].

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To study the effects of caspases on cerebromicrovascular endothelial cell apoptosis induced by @entity2 in vitro. METHODS: The cultured @entity0 cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells were exposed to NaCN in @entity1 -free medium. Cell viability was determined by @entity4 staining. Cell apoptosis was defined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity3 nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and flow cytometry. The expression of caspase-3 was detected by immunocytochemical method. Four caspase inhibitors were used to validate the effect of caspases on cell apoptosis. RESULTS: @entity5 in @entity1 -free medium initiated cerebromicrovascular endothelial cell injury markedly and typical apoptotic cells were found in this model. The expression of caspase-3 increased significantly. Four caspase inhibitors decreased the number of injured cells. Selective inhibitor of @entity6 reduced expression of caspase-3 significantly. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that caspases family plays an important role in cerebromicrovascular endothelial cell apoptosis induced by NaCN and caspase-3 acts on the downstream of @entity6 in protease cascade action to induce apoptosis.

title: [Effects of caspases on cerebromicrovascular endothelial cell apoptosis induced by XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To rapidly separate and determine the @entity6 from natural and cultured Cordyceps kyushuensis Kob., and to compare the content of @entity3 and @entity1 in different parts of Cordyceps kyushuensis Kob., which are the main @entity4 active components in medicinal fungus belonging to Cordyceps (Fr.) Link. METHODS: The @entity6 were separated and determined by the high performance capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Beckman P/ACE system MDQ apparatus equipped with a PDA detector and a uncoated fused- @entity7 capillary (41 cm x 45 microns ID, 30 cm effective length) were used. The experimental conditions were as follows: the running buffer was borax solution (adjust to pH 9.4 with @entity8 ), applied voltage was 20 kV, operated temperature was 20 degrees C and the detector wavelength was 258 nm. The content of @entity3 and @entity1 in the fruiting body, stroma and host worm of natural and cultured C. kyushuensis were respectively investigated and quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS: There are at least 8 kinds of @entity4 or @entity2 base in Cordyceps kyushuensis Kob. The content of @entity3 which is a bio-active substance with anti- @entity0 activity in C. kyushuensis is significantly higher than that in @entity5 and C. militaris, and furthermore the @entity3 in the cultured C. kyushuensis is notably higher than the natural one. @entity1 was mainly found from the stroma of C. kyushuensis, While the @entity3 content is high in the stroma of both natural and cultured C. kyushuensis as well as in the host worm of the cultured one. CONCLUSION: There are some differences about the @entity4 components between the natural and cultured C. kyushuensis and between the different parts of them. With a high @entity3 content, C. kyushuensis should have a considerable medicinal potential.

title: [ XXXX from Cordyceps kyushuensis and the distribution of two active components in its different parts].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The primary aims were to identify the incidence, etiology and outcome of all adult cases of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) presenting to the Victorian Liver Transplant Unit over the 14 year period since the Unit was established in 1988. METHODS: The database of the Unit was used to identify all adult @entity0 (>16 years) who were referred to the Austin and Repatriation Medical Center in Melbourne with @entity2 between 1988 and 2001. The Austin and Repatriation Medical Center is the sole provider of adult liver transplantation services for the states of Victoria and Tasmania. RESULTS: 80 @entity0 (64 female, 14 male) with @entity2 were referred, at a rate of approximately one case per million population per year. The mean age was 37.6 +/- 13.7 years. Most cases were due to either @entity3 @entity4 n = 29 (36%) or non-A non-B (idiopathic) @entity1 n = 27 (34%). Thirty-five @entity0 were listed for transplantation, of which 26 underwent the procedure (77% of transplantation @entity0 currently alive). Nine @entity0 were listed for transplantation but did not undergo the procedure, eight died before a donor became available and one recovered. Of the 30 @entity0 who survived without transplantation, 20 cases were due to @entity3 @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Liver transplantation has had a major impact on survival of @entity0 with @entity2 , most significantly in @entity0 with @entity2 due to causes other than @entity3 @entity4 , in whom survival without transplantation is uncommon. Survival in those who undergo transplantation for @entity2 is excellent, but a significant percentage of @entity0 listed for transplantation die before a donor organ becomes available.

title: Etiology and outcome of XXXX managed at an Australian liver transplant unit.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Lobectomy remains the standard procedure for early-stage @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Advances in minimally invasive surgery allow lobectomy to be performed by videothoracoscopy (VATSLOBE). The objective of this study was to compare open thoracotomy (OPENLOBE) to VATSLOBE in the treatment of early-stage @entity3 . A retrospective review over a 6-year period at a single tertiary care center identified 31 @entity0 treated by VATSLOBE. A comparison was made with 31 @entity0 undergoing OPENLOBE during the same time period. The cases were matched for age, pulmonary function testing, @entity2 size, and comorbidities. The VATSLOBE technique was carried out using four 1 cm thoracoports, one of which was enlarged to a 4-6 cm access incision for lobe retrieval. OPENLOBE was performed by standard posterolateral thoracotomy. The VATSLOBE group had a longer operative time (214.03 min) compared to OPENLOBE (140.67 min). There was no difference in the extent of lymph node dissection or in morbidity between the two groups. VATSLOBE @entity0 had their chest tubes removed earlier (4.77 vs. 8.16 days) and stayed in the hospital for a shorter time (7.07 vs. 11.94 days) compared to OPENLOBE @entity0 . In this retrospective review, lobectomy performed by the videothoracoscopic approach was comparable to OPENLOBE in terms of lymph node dissection, morbidity, and long-term survival. VATSLOBE had the advantages of a shorter hospital stay and fewer days with a chest tube. Minimally invasive surgery for early-stage @entity1 should be further investigated in multi-institutional controlled trials.

title: Total videothoracoscopic lobectomy versus open thoracotomy for early-stage XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: There are 4.3 million @entity1 annually (33% of all @entity0 @entity1 ) due to acute upper and lower @entity3 including measles and @entity5 . Morbidity is much higher: in India 30-35% of pediatric hospital admissions are for acute @entity3 (ARI). Some of the risk factors for @entity6 are bottle feeding, overcrowding, outdoor and indoor pollution, low birth weight, and @entity4 , according to World Health Organization studies. A typical example of an Indian @entity0 with frequent hospitalizations for lower @entity3 is a case where the father smokes and the mother works outside the home, which is a squatter hut near a highway and a power plant. In Rio de Janeiro, risk factors are maternal stress or @entity2 , poor supervision, and poor housing. Prevalence of ARI was 80% in a 15-day recall period. In Gambia, @entity0 of polygamous unions and those exposed to indoor cooking fires are at high risk. In Hong Kong, poor environmental air quality has been identified with ARI. In the US factors associated with ARI are smoking, passive smoking, and air pollution. A @entity0 exposed to smoking will have 20% more days being bedridden than otherwise.

title: Environment and acute XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In India, physicians analyzed data on 56 @entity0 (18-20 weeks gestation) at the Marie Stopes Clinic in Jodhpur who underwent pregnancy termination to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ethacriding @entity5 which has antiseptic properties. They injected 150 cc 0.1% ethacriding @entity5 into the intrauterine, extra-amniotic space. They used iv infusion of @entity3 to expedite the delivery of the abortus. 59% of cases were unmarried teenagers. @entity9 induced successful abortion in 92.8% (52) of cases which was much higher than that found in the literature (about 82%). @entity1 occurred in the other 4 cases because of transverse lie of fetus (2), cervical @entity6 (1), and uterine inertia (1). The transverse lie and cervical @entity6 cases would have experienced failure regardless of the uterotonic abortifacient used. 3 of the failure cases underwent evacuation while the other underwent hysterotomy. Most @entity0 (73.2%) experienced the abortion 12-24 hours after induction. The mean interval was 20.1 house which was shorter than that of previous reports (29.5-38 hours). The shortest induction-abortion interval was 10.5 hours and the longest was more than 36 hours. Complications occurred in 6 (14.4%) cases. 3 (5.4%) @entity0 suffered from cervical tear. 3 (5.4%) @entity0 experienced incomplete expulsion which was much lower than that reported in the literature (16-30%). On the other hand, the 5.4% incomplete expulsion rate was higher than that for @entity7 and hypertonic saline. There was 1 case each of severe @entity4 and @entity8 . The antiseptic properties of @entity9 likely accounted for the complete absence of @entity2 in these @entity0 . In conclusion, @entity9 performs better than other instillation abortion methods and it is a safe and effective method.

title: XXXX -- a safe and effective drug for termination of pregnancy.

answer: @entity9


abstract: The first @entity1 case in Uganda was diagnosed in 1981, but as of June 1984, a cumulative total of 43,875 clinical @entity1 cases had been reported. 1.5 million individuals out of a total population of 15 million are estimated to be living with @entity0 in the country. The majority of infected individuals are aged 15-49 years, in their most economically productive years. Local journalism over the past ten years has done well to highlight the problem, raising awareness to levels higher than in many other parts of Africa. Journalists should, however, go beyond their denotative role of collecting and disseminating information in an unbiased fashion, and attempt to sway sexual behavior in a direction which minimizes the risk of @entity0 transmission. Specifically, 98% of @entity0 transmission in Uganda is the result of unprotected sexual intercourse between male and female heterosexuals. Unprotected sexual intercourse between @entity0 -discordant partners must cease. The political leadership, however, remains embroiled in sexual scandal. The masses are privy to such scandal through the press and will certainly not modify their sexual behavior if the elite fail to do so. Journalists and journalism should therefore move away from simply reporting the facts and instead openly challenge political leaders to adopt more responsible sexual lifestyles.

title: XXXX and journalism. The old but bigger question of ethics.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The training and technical assistance programs of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ), which is part of the International Planned Parenthood Federation for the African Region, were described. Programs included service delivery, management development, family life education, family planning communication, and research monitoring and evaluation. Several courses were offered: a week-long contraceptive technology update course for trainers and supervisors of family planning programs. Management training needs were filled through a 6-week middle level management course, a 2-week senior level management course, a 4-week community based family planning program course, a 6-week financial management of family planning and reproductive health programs course, and a 5-week course in leadership skills for management of @entity0 and health programs. Family life education courses were offered under the @entity1 @entity0 and Health Program for teachers, curriculum developers, youth leaders, and those working with young @entity0 for 3 weeks. Course issues of discussion included population and development, the family in contemporary African life, and policy legislation and laws to promote young @entity0 's health and social psychological and ethical aspects of adolescent sexuality. Family planning communication training programs were directed to strengthening IEC knowledge and skills over a 4-week period for senior and middle level personnel. The 3-week press course aimed to train journalists in print and electronic media for French-speaking countries who could gain cover population and family planning issues. The family planning research and evaluation course over 4 weeks aimed to increase the knowledge and skills of health personnel in project design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation, in order to conduct assessment of program effectiveness. The course was directed to senior and middle level manager researchers, population project directors, and personnel of @entity0 -centered projects.

title: Focus on training at XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: The survey was aimed at describing the characteristics and therapeutic means offered and the organizational structure of Polish day hospitals for adults as well the as characteristics of @entity0 treated there. It was part of a wider international project carried out within a 5 EC Framework Program and focused on evaluation of costs and effectiveness of day hospital treatment when set against conventional stationary treatment in different European health care systems. METHOD: Data concerning the year 2000 were gathered using a self-designed questionnaire sent to respondents by post. The response ratio reached 65.2%. RESULTS: Based on the cluster analysis, three main types of day hospitals were recognized: 1. day hospitals focused on rehabilitation of chronic mental disturbances, improvement of social functioning and support, 2. day hospitals being alternative to stationary inpatient treatment, 3. day hospitals intended to continue out- @entity0 treatment and psychotherapy. The number of treatment places, working hours and work-days in a week in polled institutions was constant. Most frequent reasons for not admitting a @entity0 to a day hospital were: intensive suicidal tendencies and acute @entity3 decompensation. The most numerous diagnostic groups of @entity0 treated there were @entity2 (32.2%) and @entity4 (17.4%). Only 18.6% of day hospitals employed a qualified psychotherapist, and 32.6% had a social worker. On the average, one treatment place was offered to 5 @entity0 during a year. CONCLUSIONS: The profile of @entity0 admitted to Polish day hospitals for adults is not arbitrarily defined with respect to diagnosis and @entity1 . However, it is possible to distinguish day hospitals, which have their preferences: more to rehabilitate or more to treat @entity0 . In the last 16 years there was a threefold increase of the number of @entity0 treated in day hospitals due to @entity4 .

title: [Characteristics of XXXX day hospitals in Poland--results of a questionnaire survey].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Telepsychiatry is a medical service with a use of contemporary communication technologies. Internet and electronic mail are included. AIM: The aim of the study was to examine the use of electronic mail in @entity1 advices. METHOD: Anonymous electronic mail (327) sent to the author from June 2001 to May 2002 were selected. They were then processed according to the following criteria: @entity0 age and gender, @entity0 who was a subject of consultation, reason and subject of a consultation and prevailing symptoms of a disease. Data frequencies were obtained. RESULTS: 75% of @entity0 referred their own @entity1 problem. The most frequent reasons of consultation were: a cry for help (44%), question about a disease (27%), consultation of a diagnosis (16%) or a therapy (13%). The biggest groups of symptoms related to fear (38%), disturbances of mood (18%), @entity2 symptoms (13.5%) and @entity3 (10.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatrists on the Internet may expect an increase of electronic mail applicability in @entity1 advising. There is a need of medical, legal and ethical regulations of by-Internet doctor- @entity0 relationship. Electronic mail may be treated as a source of knowledge on psychopathological symptoms and epidemiology of @entity1 amongst the internet users.

title: [Telepsychiatry-- XXXX advice on the Internet].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Health care organizations often measure processes of care using only administrative data. We assessed whether measuring processes of @entity1 care using administrative data without medical record data is likely to underdetect compliance with accepted standards for certain groups of @entity0 . DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Assessment of quality indicators during 1998 using administrative and medical records data for a cohort of 1,335 @entity1 @entity0 enrolled in three Minnesota health plans. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional retrospective study assessing hemoglobin A1c testing, LDL @entity2 testing, and @entity3 screening from the two data sources. Analyses examined whether @entity0 or clinic characteristics were associated with underdetection of quality indicators when administrative data were not supplemented with medical record data. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: The health plans provided administrative data, and trained abstractors collected medical records data. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Quality indicators that would be identified if administrative data were supplemented with medical records data are often not identified using administrative data alone. In adjusted analyses, older @entity0 were more likely to have hemoglobin A1c testing underdetected in administrative data (compared to @entity0 <45 years, OR 2.95, 95 percent CI 1.09 to 7.96 for @entity0 65 to 74 years, and OR 4.20, 95 percent CI 1.81 to 9.77 for @entity0 75 years and older). Black @entity0 were more likely than white @entity0 to have @entity3 screening underdetected using administrative data (2.57, 95 percent CI 1.16 to 5.70). @entity0 in different health plans also differed in the likelihood of having quality indicators underdetected. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 quality indicators may be underdetected more frequently for elderly and black @entity0 and the physicians, clinics, and plans who care for such @entity0 when quality measurement is based on administrative data alone. This suggests that providers who care for such @entity0 may be disproportionately affected by public release of such data or by its use in determining the magnitude of financial incentives.

title: Measuring the quality of XXXX care using administrative data: is there bias?

answer: @entity1


abstract: In recent years a large body of evidence from several longitudinal studies has emerged suggesting that @entity2 is an independent risk factor for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and that the association between @entity2 and increased @entity1 risk is not merely due to negative mood-driven behavior related with @entity2 . Even though the underlying mechanisms are not well understood, several hypotheses and explanations have been proposed such as increased activation of the @entity6 , @entity7 , or @entity5 . Platelet function abnormalities, including increased platelet reactivity, may predispose @entity0 with @entity2 to clotting diatheses and may explain their vulnerability to @entity1 . @entity4 secreted by platelets induces both @entity5 and coronary vasoconstriction. Even though @entity4 itself is only a weak platelet agonist, it markedly enhances platelet reactions to a variety of other agonists. Several studies have shown that selective @entity4 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) reduce platelet and whole blood @entity4 concentrations after repeated doses, and could therefore exert an inhibitory effect on platelet activation. For that reason, it was hypothesized that SSRIs could have a protective effect against @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Results from three currently available epidemiological studies assessing the risk of @entity3 in @entity0 treated with antidepressants, including SSRIs, are controversial with respect to a potential beneficial effect of SSRIs on @entity1 risk in @entity2 @entity0 . However, there is evidence that exposure to SSRIs does not substantially increase the risk of @entity1 in @entity0 . A recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial that evaluated the safety and efficacy of the SSRI sertraline in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity3 suggested that @entity8 is well tolerated and effective. Further epidemiological studies or longer-term clinical trials may shed more light on this issue, and answer the question conclusively, whether the effect of SSRIs on platelets or another mechanism translates into a decreased risk of @entity1 in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Effect of selective XXXX reuptake inhibitors on platelet activation: can they prevent acute @entity3 ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: In recent years a large body of evidence from several longitudinal studies has emerged suggesting that @entity2 is an independent risk factor for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and that the association between @entity2 and increased @entity1 risk is not merely due to negative mood-driven behavior related with @entity2 . Even though the underlying mechanisms are not well understood, several hypotheses and explanations have been proposed such as increased activation of the @entity6 , @entity7 , or @entity5 . Platelet function abnormalities, including increased platelet reactivity, may predispose @entity0 with @entity2 to clotting diatheses and may explain their vulnerability to @entity1 . @entity4 secreted by platelets induces both @entity5 and coronary vasoconstriction. Even though @entity4 itself is only a weak platelet agonist, it markedly enhances platelet reactions to a variety of other agonists. Several studies have shown that selective @entity4 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) reduce platelet and whole blood @entity4 concentrations after repeated doses, and could therefore exert an inhibitory effect on platelet activation. For that reason, it was hypothesized that SSRIs could have a protective effect against @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Results from three currently available epidemiological studies assessing the risk of @entity3 in @entity0 treated with antidepressants, including SSRIs, are controversial with respect to a potential beneficial effect of SSRIs on @entity1 risk in @entity2 @entity0 . However, there is evidence that exposure to SSRIs does not substantially increase the risk of @entity1 in @entity0 . A recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial that evaluated the safety and efficacy of the SSRI sertraline in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity3 suggested that @entity8 is well tolerated and effective. Further epidemiological studies or longer-term clinical trials may shed more light on this issue, and answer the question conclusively, whether the effect of SSRIs on platelets or another mechanism translates into a decreased risk of @entity1 in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Effect of selective @entity4 reuptake inhibitors on platelet activation: can they prevent acute XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity8 , benign or malignant, are rare and most are benign. The most common @entity3 is the @entity5 . @entity8 are @entity4 . The pericardium can be the site of benign and malignant @entity8 , though @entity2 occur here far more commonly than do @entity3 . Successful treatment for @entity8 is usually achieved by surgical resection. Surgery for primary @entity3 is, however, much less successful as complete resection is usually not possible. Primary @entity5 may be successfully treated by chemotherapy. Tumors that metastasize to the heart from other organs occur 100- to 1000-fold more commonly than primary @entity8 . Metastatic spread to the heart has been identified in approximately one-fifth of all @entity0 who have @entity3 with @entity1 being the most common @entity3 . Symptoms of cardiac @entity2 vary, and they depend on the site and extent of the lesions. Treatment varies depending on the pathology of the @entity3 . However, the aim of treatment is usually symptomatic relief. With the advent of @entity6 , @entity7 and high grade B cell lymphomas have also been identified in cardiac tissue. The aim of this article is to review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathology and treatment of @entity8 .

title: @entity3 of the heart: epidemiology and management of @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity8 , benign or malignant, are rare and most are benign. The most common @entity3 is the @entity5 . @entity8 are @entity4 . The pericardium can be the site of benign and malignant @entity8 , though @entity2 occur here far more commonly than do @entity3 . Successful treatment for @entity8 is usually achieved by surgical resection. Surgery for primary @entity3 is, however, much less successful as complete resection is usually not possible. Primary @entity5 may be successfully treated by chemotherapy. Tumors that metastasize to the heart from other organs occur 100- to 1000-fold more commonly than primary @entity8 . Metastatic spread to the heart has been identified in approximately one-fifth of all @entity0 who have @entity3 with @entity1 being the most common @entity3 . Symptoms of cardiac @entity2 vary, and they depend on the site and extent of the lesions. Treatment varies depending on the pathology of the @entity3 . However, the aim of treatment is usually symptomatic relief. With the advent of @entity6 , @entity7 and high grade B cell lymphomas have also been identified in cardiac tissue. The aim of this article is to review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathology and treatment of @entity8 .

title: XXXX of the heart: epidemiology and management of @entity3 and @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity8 , benign or malignant, are rare and most are benign. The most common @entity3 is the @entity5 . @entity8 are @entity4 . The pericardium can be the site of benign and malignant @entity8 , though @entity2 occur here far more commonly than do @entity3 . Successful treatment for @entity8 is usually achieved by surgical resection. Surgery for primary @entity3 is, however, much less successful as complete resection is usually not possible. Primary @entity5 may be successfully treated by chemotherapy. Tumors that metastasize to the heart from other organs occur 100- to 1000-fold more commonly than primary @entity8 . Metastatic spread to the heart has been identified in approximately one-fifth of all @entity0 who have @entity3 with @entity1 being the most common @entity3 . Symptoms of cardiac @entity2 vary, and they depend on the site and extent of the lesions. Treatment varies depending on the pathology of the @entity3 . However, the aim of treatment is usually symptomatic relief. With the advent of @entity6 , @entity7 and high grade B cell lymphomas have also been identified in cardiac tissue. The aim of this article is to review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathology and treatment of @entity8 .

title: @entity3 of the heart: epidemiology and management of XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accelerated antidepressant treatment response may be particularly beneficial for older @entity0 , yet there are few data to inform clinical practice. We evaluated the potential of @entity7 to accelerate antidepressant response to @entity4 and the safety and tolerability of the combined treatment in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHOD: We studied 11 elderly outpatients aged 70 years and older who were diagnosed with DSM-IV major @entity2 in a 10-week, open-label, structured trial (July 2001-July 2002). @entity7 was tapered and discontinued during weeks 9 and 10. Response was defined as a Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity2 (HAM-D) score of less than 10. The daily dose of @entity4 ranged between 20 and 40 mg, and the daily dose of @entity7 ranged between 5 and 20 mg. RESULTS: Nine @entity0 completed the study. Six @entity0 met criteria for accelerated response (HAM-D score < 10 and Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale score of 1 or 2 by treatment day 14), and 2 more @entity0 responded by week 3. One @entity0 was a nonresponder. The mean (SD) @entity4 dose for all subjects was 27.5 (10.3) mg and the mean (SD) @entity7 dose was 12.2 (4.9) mg. The observed side effects were mild to moderate in severity and included sedation, @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity8 . CONCLUSION: @entity7 augmentation of @entity4 may be a safe and viable strategy for accelerating antidepressant response in elderly @entity2 @entity0 . The results of this open-label trial need to be confirmed in a placebo-controlled trial.

title: Combined treatment with @entity7 and XXXX for accelerated response in the elderly: an open trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accelerated antidepressant treatment response may be particularly beneficial for older @entity0 , yet there are few data to inform clinical practice. We evaluated the potential of @entity7 to accelerate antidepressant response to @entity4 and the safety and tolerability of the combined treatment in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHOD: We studied 11 elderly outpatients aged 70 years and older who were diagnosed with DSM-IV major @entity2 in a 10-week, open-label, structured trial (July 2001-July 2002). @entity7 was tapered and discontinued during weeks 9 and 10. Response was defined as a Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity2 (HAM-D) score of less than 10. The daily dose of @entity4 ranged between 20 and 40 mg, and the daily dose of @entity7 ranged between 5 and 20 mg. RESULTS: Nine @entity0 completed the study. Six @entity0 met criteria for accelerated response (HAM-D score < 10 and Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale score of 1 or 2 by treatment day 14), and 2 more @entity0 responded by week 3. One @entity0 was a nonresponder. The mean (SD) @entity4 dose for all subjects was 27.5 (10.3) mg and the mean (SD) @entity7 dose was 12.2 (4.9) mg. The observed side effects were mild to moderate in severity and included sedation, @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity8 . CONCLUSION: @entity7 augmentation of @entity4 may be a safe and viable strategy for accelerating antidepressant response in elderly @entity2 @entity0 . The results of this open-label trial need to be confirmed in a placebo-controlled trial.

title: Combined treatment with XXXX and @entity4 for accelerated response in the elderly: an open trial.

answer: @entity7


abstract: In 1985 reported maternal mortality rates (MMR) in Mexico were 6.5/10,000, while the National Institute of Peritology has reported MMR of 10/1000. The major causes of MM are @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity1 . Indirect causes of MMR result in 1/1000 deaths. This relationship is inverted in tertiary care where indirect causes of MMR and those causes of death not related to the obstetric event outnumber the direct ones. This is due to careful monitoring, good deliveries and puerperium care. In order to analyze perinatal mortality it is necessary to separate it from fetal and neonatal mortality. Fetal mortality rates have shown an inverse relationship with medical interventions during prenatal care and delivery. According to the Mexican Fertility Survey, neonatal mortality dropped between 1940-76. There is a direct correlation between prenatal control and neonatal deaths. Prematurity and low birth weight continue to remain the principal reasons for neonatal deaths-independent of or associated to a specific pathology- followed by @entity1 and @entity3 . Solutions to these problems include community participation, maintenance of health equipment in government institutions, and support from policy-makers and administrators. 3 strategies are proposed to lower these problems: 1) health education with special reference to reproductive health; 2) active and intense participation at primary health care levels to help prevent and detect maternal and @entity0 health care problems; and 3) a registration and information system that monitors the diagnosis, community needs, quality of services rendered and knowledge of the impact these interventions have in the health sector.

title: [Magnitude and tendencies of maternal- XXXX mortality].

answer: @entity0


abstract: This, the 1st @entity1 survey to be conducted in Chad, surveyed 1222 @entity0 aged 12-49 at 6 health or social centers in N'Djamena in 1988, and summarized the information obtained from 21 focus groups. The sujbects were 25 years old on average; 94% were in union; 33% were in polygamous marriages, usually older @entity0 . 8% of Muslims and 17% of Christians were in a consensual union. Educational achievement was higher among younger @entity0 and Christians. 49% had income from the informal economy. Most valued the economic advantages of large families, which they believed resided in ancestors. Some noted the poulation pressures of urban living. 27% stated they were pregnant. Fertility was lower among Christians and those in monogamous marriages. @entity0 of higher socioeconomic status had more @entity0 . Average age of 1st pregnancy was 16 years, lower in Muslims and uneducated @entity0 . Average weaning age was 17.8 months; average postpartum abstinence was 4.6 months, longer among Christians. The mean desired birth spacing interval was 26 months. 89% desired more @entity0 . The average ideal family size was 7.25, 8.6 for those 29 years old. The concept of birth planning was new to most, and ocnsidered a European idea contrary to African traditions. 31% could name a modern birth control method, increased to 58% with prompting, but only 3.2% had used one, and 1.3% were currently using. The cost of modern contraceptives is prohibitive for Chadians whose average GNP is  129. 56% expressed an interest on modern contraception for spacing, indicating a large unmet need.

title: Changes in Chad: the results of a XXXX survey.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Age-related changes in skeletal muscle, in combination with bed rest, may result in a poorer rehabilitation potential for an elderly @entity0 . The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of non-weight bearing ( @entity3 [ @entity3 ]) on the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) in older @entity1 . Two non-weight bearing conditions were used: an uninterrupted bout of @entity3 and an interrupted bout of @entity3 . Twenty-one @entity1 were randomly placed into 1 of 3 groups: control, interrupted @entity3 (2 phases of 7 days of @entity3 , separated by a 4-day weight-bearing phase) and an uninterrupted @entity3 (18 uninterrupted days of @entity3 ). Following non-weight bearing, the soleus and EDL muscles were removed. Fiber type identification was performed by myofibrillar ATPase and cross-sectional area was determined. The findings suggest that any period of non-weight bearing leads to a decrease in muscle wet weight (19%-45%). Both type I and type II fibers of the soleus showed @entity2 (decrease in cross-sectional area, 35%-44%) with an uninterrupted bout of non-weight bearing. Only the type II fibers of the soleus showed recovery with an interrupted bout of weight bearing. In the EDL, type II fibers were more affected by an uninterrupted bout of non-weight bearing (15% decrease in fiber size) compared to the type I fibers. EDL type II fibers showed more @entity2 with interrupted bouts of non-weight bearing than with a single bout (a 40% compared to a 15% decrease). This study shows that initial weight bearing after an episode of non-weight bearing may be damaging to type II fibers of the EDL.

title: The effects of non-weight bearing on skeletal muscle in older XXXX : an interrupted bout versus an uninterrupted bout.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The segmental resection of constricted bile duct and end-to-end biliary @entity2 could be an attractive alternative in the treatment of benign biliary tract stricture. The aim of this study was to restore the anatomical integrity of the hepatic-common bile duct after an artificially produced defect while maintaining the large duodenal papilla, using microsurgical technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiments were carried out on 25 mongrel @entity1 . The common bile duct was ligated in all of the animals during laparotomy, as a model of @entity4 in @entity0 . Relaparotomy was performed 3 days after the initial operation. The segment of bile duct, 4 cm in length was resected together with the ligature. The continuous bile flow into the duodenum was assured by a @entity6 catheter introduced into both ends of dissected bile duct. The proximal end of the hepatic-common bile duct was fixed to a device constructed by us for the distention of the bile duct (DDBD). The anterior part of the device was exteriorized through a separate @entity3 and fixed to the abdominal wall. The hepatic-common bile duct distention was gradually continued during 18 days, by pulling out the mobile part of the device. After 18 days the device was removed and the distended proximal end of the hepatic-common bile duct was anastomosed end-to-end with its distal end. The sequels of this procedure were observed for up to 6 months. RESULTS: The hepatic-common bile duct was distended 4 cm within 18 days. The histopathological examination has shown partial damage of the duct framework due to the distention and @entity5 . However the patency of the duct was preserved and the recovery of normal structures were observed after the device was removed and @entity2 fashioned. CONCLUSION: This method, developed by us, offers the possibility of restoring the integrity of injured extrahepatic bile ducts, allowing effective treatment of benign biliary strictures.

title: The experimental distention of dissected bile duct for the restoration of its continuity in XXXX using a device of own construction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In order to elucidate the role of @entity4 based combination chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of @entity2 we conducted a retrospective study on a large series of @entity0 with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity2 . The @entity2 intergroup (ILI) promoted a retrospective study of @entity0 with @entity2 treated in cooperative trials between 1985 and 1996. Six hundred and thirty three cases were treated with an @entity4 -containing regimen and 128 @entity0 were treated without @entity5 . The two groups were prognostically comparable; in particular, no difference was observed according to both IPI and ILI prognostic index. Results showed a complete remission (CR) rate for @entity0 treated with @entity5 was 69.2% and overall response rate was 92.5%. After a median follow-up of 51 months (54 months for @entity0 still alive), the 5- and 10-year @entity3 ( @entity3 ) rates were 80 and 66%, respectively. Disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) rates at 5 years were 61 and 49%, respectively. In the group of @entity0 treated with combination chemotherapy not including @entity5 , the CR rate was 67.5% and the overall response rate was 85.4%. A longer @entity3 (80% at 5 years) was observed in @entity0 treated with @entity5 compared to 67% @entity3 rate in @entity0 treated without @entity5 (p = 0.0004). @entity1 was significantly longer in @entity0 treated with @entity5 (49 vs. 34% p = 0.006). @entity0 treated with @entity5 with low or intermediate risk according to ILI prognostic index showed a significantly longer @entity3 (p = 0.0001 andp = 0.0009, respectively); those in the high-risk group showed a trend for a longer survival. In conclusion, this retrospective study shows that @entity0 with @entity2 treated with an @entity4 containing regimen had a better outcome compared to @entity0 treated with other combination regimens non including @entity5 in terms of CRs, @entity3 and @entity1 . On the basis of these results @entity4 -containing regimens (ACR) should be considered as the standard treatment of @entity0 with advanced @entity2 .

title: The role of @entity5 in combination chemotherapy for the treatment of XXXX : retrospective study of the Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi on 761 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In order to elucidate the role of @entity4 based combination chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of @entity2 we conducted a retrospective study on a large series of @entity0 with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity2 . The @entity2 intergroup (ILI) promoted a retrospective study of @entity0 with @entity2 treated in cooperative trials between 1985 and 1996. Six hundred and thirty three cases were treated with an @entity4 -containing regimen and 128 @entity0 were treated without @entity5 . The two groups were prognostically comparable; in particular, no difference was observed according to both IPI and ILI prognostic index. Results showed a complete remission (CR) rate for @entity0 treated with @entity5 was 69.2% and overall response rate was 92.5%. After a median follow-up of 51 months (54 months for @entity0 still alive), the 5- and 10-year @entity3 ( @entity3 ) rates were 80 and 66%, respectively. Disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) rates at 5 years were 61 and 49%, respectively. In the group of @entity0 treated with combination chemotherapy not including @entity5 , the CR rate was 67.5% and the overall response rate was 85.4%. A longer @entity3 (80% at 5 years) was observed in @entity0 treated with @entity5 compared to 67% @entity3 rate in @entity0 treated without @entity5 (p = 0.0004). @entity1 was significantly longer in @entity0 treated with @entity5 (49 vs. 34% p = 0.006). @entity0 treated with @entity5 with low or intermediate risk according to ILI prognostic index showed a significantly longer @entity3 (p = 0.0001 andp = 0.0009, respectively); those in the high-risk group showed a trend for a longer survival. In conclusion, this retrospective study shows that @entity0 with @entity2 treated with an @entity4 containing regimen had a better outcome compared to @entity0 treated with other combination regimens non including @entity5 in terms of CRs, @entity3 and @entity1 . On the basis of these results @entity4 -containing regimens (ACR) should be considered as the standard treatment of @entity0 with advanced @entity2 .

title: The role of XXXX in combination chemotherapy for the treatment of @entity2 : retrospective study of the Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi on 761 cases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The technical aspects of access-port (AP) placement are not generally described in @entity1 -Band series. METHODS: From November 2000 to April 2002, we performed @entity1 -Band procedures laparoscopically on 180 @entity0 . A retrospective review was conducted of 3 consecutive AP-placement techniques in nonselected and demographically identical groups. In Group A (n=48, Nov. 2000 to July 2001), the AP was placed at the left subcostal margin. In Group B (n=23, Aug. 2001 to Sept. 2001), the AP was tunneled over the subcostal fascia towards the subxiphoid area. In Group C (n=109, Oct. 2001 to Apr. 2002), the AP tubing was tunneled over the subcostal fascia and connected to the AP, which was inserted through a 3-cm subxiphoid incision. RESULTS: AP-related problems occurred within the first few months following surgery. In Group A, 24 of the @entity2 (50%) were tilted, and 14 (29%) were completely flipped over. 11 @entity2 (23%) were found to be broken. 19 @entity0 (40%) underwent an additional AP-related procedure. In group B, 12 @entity2 (52%) were tilted and 1 @entity0 required surgery to turn the AP. In Group C, 8 @entity2 (7%) were turned slightly. 1 AP was found to be broken and required surgery to replace it. In this group, all @entity2 were accessible for adjustment in the office. CONCLUSIONS: Tunneling the AP along the left subcostal area is an important technique to protect the AP system from breakage, by changing AP-tube position from vertical to horizontal in relation to abdominal wall movement. This technique also keeps the AP-tube connection over the fascia and protects it from "wear and tear" forces. The addition of fixation at the subxiphoid location helps maintain a straight orientation of the AP for easier adjustments.

title: Optimization of access-port placement for the XXXX -band system.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A recent gastric bypass can mask the symptoms of an acute abdomen. Physical examination is generally unreliable and subtle clinical symptoms or signs should alert clinicians to a significant postoperative problem. In morbidly @entity1 @entity0 , the presence of overt peritoneal findings is usually ominous, leading to sepsis, organ failure and @entity3 . We report a case of @entity9 following a laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The @entity0 developed @entity8 , @entity4 , and @entity7 in the absence of @entity6 or positive upper GI contrast studies. Eventually, a CT scan revealed a large pelvic @entity10 and @entity2 . A subsequent exploratory laparotomy confirmed a @entity9 with @entity5 . Her recovery was rapid and uneventful. This case highlights the pitfalls in promptly diagnosing an unrelated acute surgical abdomen postoperatively in the morbidly @entity1 @entity0 . The need for extreme vigilance and a low threshold for aggressive intervention in the period after bariatric surgery is emphasized.

title: XXXX after laparoscopic Roux-enY gastric bypass: pitfalls in diagnosing a surgical Abdomen in the morbidly @entity1 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: A recent gastric bypass can mask the symptoms of an acute abdomen. Physical examination is generally unreliable and subtle clinical symptoms or signs should alert clinicians to a significant postoperative problem. In morbidly @entity1 @entity0 , the presence of overt peritoneal findings is usually ominous, leading to sepsis, organ failure and @entity3 . We report a case of @entity9 following a laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The @entity0 developed @entity8 , @entity4 , and @entity7 in the absence of @entity6 or positive upper GI contrast studies. Eventually, a CT scan revealed a large pelvic @entity10 and @entity2 . A subsequent exploratory laparotomy confirmed a @entity9 with @entity5 . Her recovery was rapid and uneventful. This case highlights the pitfalls in promptly diagnosing an unrelated acute surgical abdomen postoperatively in the morbidly @entity1 @entity0 . The need for extreme vigilance and a low threshold for aggressive intervention in the period after bariatric surgery is emphasized.

title: @entity9 after laparoscopic Roux-enY gastric bypass: pitfalls in diagnosing a surgical Abdomen in the morbidly XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the effect on oral soft tissue of a self-applied tooth whitening gel containing 6% @entity2 (Xtra White) with a marketed paint-on whitening gel containing 18% @entity4 (Colgate Simply White) after 2-weeks of using products four times daily. METHODS: A 2-week, examiner-blind, stratified, parallel design clinical trial was conducted. Twenty subjects were divided into two groups, balanced according to age and gender. Subjects followed a 2-week, twice-daily regimen of brushing with standard @entity3 toothpaste and applied gel product to facial aspects of six upper and six lower incisors/ @entity1 , twice in succession with 30 min between applications. Soft tissue examinations were performed on Day 1, before the first application of the test products, and on Day 2, 5, 8 and 15. RESULTS: During the 2-week treatment period, twelve adverse reactions were recorded as potentially attributable to the study products, evenly split between the two test groups. All reports were mild in symptoms and resolved without the need of medical intervention. None of the subjects experiencing an adverse event requested to be withdrawn from the study. CONCLUSIONS: Under the exaggerated use conditions of this test, there was no evidence to suggest that either of the whitening gels produced @entity0 that was building or developing during the course of the study. It is concluded that both products are safe for their intended use.

title: Safety evaluation of a novel whitening gel, containing 6% XXXX and a commercially available whitening gel containing 18% @entity4 in an exaggerated use clinical study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the effect on oral soft tissue of a self-applied tooth whitening gel containing 6% @entity2 (Xtra White) with a marketed paint-on whitening gel containing 18% @entity4 (Colgate Simply White) after 2-weeks of using products four times daily. METHODS: A 2-week, examiner-blind, stratified, parallel design clinical trial was conducted. Twenty subjects were divided into two groups, balanced according to age and gender. Subjects followed a 2-week, twice-daily regimen of brushing with standard @entity3 toothpaste and applied gel product to facial aspects of six upper and six lower incisors/ @entity1 , twice in succession with 30 min between applications. Soft tissue examinations were performed on Day 1, before the first application of the test products, and on Day 2, 5, 8 and 15. RESULTS: During the 2-week treatment period, twelve adverse reactions were recorded as potentially attributable to the study products, evenly split between the two test groups. All reports were mild in symptoms and resolved without the need of medical intervention. None of the subjects experiencing an adverse event requested to be withdrawn from the study. CONCLUSIONS: Under the exaggerated use conditions of this test, there was no evidence to suggest that either of the whitening gels produced @entity0 that was building or developing during the course of the study. It is concluded that both products are safe for their intended use.

title: Safety evaluation of a novel whitening gel, containing 6% @entity2 and a commercially available whitening gel containing 18% XXXX in an exaggerated use clinical study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Biocompatibility of biomaterials relates, amongst others, to the absence of adverse cellular reactions and modulation of cell adhesion and subsequent responses. With respect to tissue-engineering applications, most materials need to evoke cell adhesion and spreading, while potentially displaying differential cell function. Adhesion has frequently been studied in a controlled fashion, using adhesion-supporting and -inhibiting substrata. The aim of this study is to create a panel of related materials with gradually changing surface characteristics in order to sustain similar individual cell adhesion and spreading, yet different cell population behaviour. A series of @entity1 materials was created with increasing @entity0 surface incorporation and, concurrently, decreasing water-contact angles. Individual cells adhered and spread on all surfaces whilst showing well-developed focal adhesions and stress fibres. Cell populations demonstrated a decreased growth on surfaces with lower wettability. The biochemical activity of cell populations was not influenced by the surface treatment, but cell proliferation on surfaces increased with increasing @entity0 incorporation. Furthermore, surface coverage with assembled fibronectin matrix was higher on the substrata with higher wettability. Finally, the expression of the adhesion-related proteins @entity2 , focal adhesion kinase and @entity3 was increased on surfaces with higher wettability. Further explorations of the cell biological basis of the observed differential behaviour will give more detailed answers on the rules governing cell-material interactions.

title: Plasma-treated XXXX surfaces: model surfaces for studying cell-biomaterial interactions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Natural killer T (NKT) cells are present in the liver of @entity0 . We examined whether NKT cells and other leukocytes were associated with @entity2 after partial hepatectomy. METHODS: Approximately 70% of the liver was removed from @entity0 using the method described by Higgins and Anderson. RESULTS: Partial hepatectomy induced the expansion of NKT cells in the liver and the elevation of transaminase. These responses were completely suppressed by the administration of @entity3 . NKT cell-deficient @entity0 showed a decreased level of transaminase after partial hepatectomy. Perforin (-/-) @entity0 showed an elevation of transaminase while B6-gld/gld @entity0 (Fas ligand-) showed a decreased elevation of transaminase. In @entity4 (-/-) @entity0 which lacked CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, @entity1 remained at a normal level after partial hepatectomy. Since NKT cell-deficient @entity0 showed up to 50% decrease in the level of @entity1 , we examined the association of other leukocytes with the remaining @entity1 . The number and proportion of granulocytes were increased by partial hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Both NKT cells and granulocytes participated in the @entity2 after partial hepatectomy. The function of NKT cells, but not of granulocytes, was found to be sensitive to the immunosuppressive effect of @entity3 .

title: Involvement of natural killer T cells and granulocytes in the XXXX induced by partial hepatectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1000 @entity0 selected randomly in the Italian provinces of Roma and Latina were given a questionnaire seeking information on age, occupation, oral contraceptive (OC) use, self-examination of the breasts, frequency of visits to clinics and @entity2 test, parity, and family history of @entity1 . 98% of the @entity0 were familiar with the services offered by family planning (FP) units. 786 questionnaires were analyzed. 80% of the subjects were 35 years old: the 21-25 age group was most prevalent. 40% were employed, the rest were housewives or retired (according to official statistics in 1984 only 25.9% of @entity0 were employed). Visits to the gynecologist increased with advancing age but proved to be inadequate for prevention even in the age segment most at risk of acquiring @entity1 (p .05). @entity0 who stayed at home were most likely to have regular gynecological checkups and @entity2 tests. 24% of @entity0 answered in the affirmative about self-examination of the breasts, and the 26-30 age group was most interested in it. 31% of housewives also practiced it, compared to only 10% of those who worked (p .01). OC use was most prevalent in the 26-30 age group (over 30%), while those 35 and under 20 neglected its use. FP units play an important role in oncological prevention by observing cultural and social aspects of @entity0 's lives and by adapting preventive programs accordingly.

title: [The role of family planning units in the prevention of female XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A survey conducted by the @entity1 Lanka Family Planning Association (FPA) revealed a significant unmet need for reproduction health education among young @entity0 . The FPA presented the survey findings to policy makers and educational leaders at a national seminar. Emerging from this seminar were a pilot project in @entity1 Lanka schools, a program to train counselors in premarital at regular intervals. These interventions resulted in a substantial increase in the number of young @entity0 presenting to FPA clinics. Moreover, their success led the FPA to launch a national sexual education program in the schools, beginning in 1992. In preparation, a series of orientation seminars were held for Ministry of Education officials and school administrators. A team of teachers was recruited to participate in an intensive 2-month training program in sex education for youth over 15 years of age. At present, daily sex education classes are conducted in selected @entity1 Lankan schools and out-of-school youth are reached during holidays. The FPA has set a goal of reaching 100,000 young @entity0 with this program by the end of 1993. Program evaluation indicates that the proportion of young @entity0 who scored over 75% on a test of knowledge of @entity0 sexuality increased overall from 9% at pre-test to 67% at post-intervention testing. The FPA has received favorable feedback on this program from parents, educators, community leaders, and religious leaders, including some Buddhist priests.

title: Starting a programme in XXXX Lanka.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Pediatric endocrinology evolved as a subspecialty from the era of biochemical and metabolic clinical investigation led by John Howland, Edwards Park, and James Gamble at Johns Hopkins; Allan Butler at Boston University and Harvard University; Daniel Darrow at Yale University; and Irving McQuarrie at the University of Rochester and the University of Minnesota during the early 20th century. The father of the new subspecialty was Lawson Wilkins, a private pediatric practitioner in Baltimore, Maryland, who was invited by Dr. Edwards Park to establish an endocrine clinic at the Harriet Lane Home at Johns Hopkins in 1935. Dr. Wilkins managed his practice and the clinic until 1946, when, at the age of 52, he accepted a full-time position at the University. Dr. Nathan Talbot was invited to develop a pediatric endocrine clinic at Massachusetts General Hospital by Allan Butler in 1942. These units and their associated subspecialty training programs during the 1950s and 1960s provided the large majority of the second-generation pediatric endocrinologists who went on to establish endocrine subspecialty programs in university medical centers in North America as well as Europe and South America. @entity1 as a clinical pediatric discipline evolved in parallel from the early clinics of Elliott Joslin and Priscilla White in Boston, M.C. Hardin and Robert Jackson at the University of Iowa, George Guest at the University of Cincinnati @entity0 's Hospital, and Alex Hartman at the St. Louis @entity0 's Hospital. The Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society was founded in 1971, and the Council on @entity1 was established within the American @entity1 Association in 1980. Medical and economic factors led to increasing integration of pediatric @entity1 and general endocrine care and training, and @entity1 care now is a major activity within the subspecialty of pediatric endocrinology. The growth of pediatric @entity4 has paralleled the growth of academic medicine during the past half-century. In 2002, there were 72 training programs in North America: 65 in the United States and seven in Canada. The endocrinology sub-board of the American Board of Pediatrics was established in 1978 to certify training and competence in endocrinology, including @entity1 . By 2002, the board had certified 927 pediatric endocrinologists. Pediatric endocrine subspecialists during the past half-century have contributed major advances in our understanding of the ontogeny of endocrine systems and the diagnosis and treatment of @entity5 ; newborn screening for endocrine and @entity2 ; the physiology and therapies for disorders of sexual differentiation and pubertal maturation; the development of anthropometric standards for childhood growth and development; the characterization and physiology of hormone systems, including receptors and hormone actions; the molecular genetics of a number of @entity5 and heritable @entity5 ; development of pediatric endocrine diagnostics and reference standards; the pathophysiology and management of @entity3 ; and development of a growing armamentarium of therapeutic agents for treatment of endocrine and @entity2 .

title: A short history of pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Color-coded perfusion maps can be calculated from ultrasound harmonic gray-scale imaging data after ultrasound contrast agent bolus injection to analyze brain tissue perfusion. First reports indicate that this method can display cerebral perfusion deficits in acute @entity2 . We performed a prospective @entity0 study to evaluate this approach. METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity0 suffering from @entity4 who presented to our department within 12 hours after symptom onset were investigated with ultrasound perfusion harmonic imaging (PHI) after Levovist bolus injection. Color-coded perfusion maps were calculated from the ultrasound data. In addition, the original gray-scale images were analyzed in cine mode. Findings were compared with those of cranial CT. RESULTS: All 30 @entity0 suffered from acute @entity2 of the middle cerebral artery territory (median National Institutes of Health @entity1 Scale score, 16 points). Twenty-three of the 30 @entity0 (76.7%) had sufficient PHI insonation conditions. In 19 of these 23 @entity0 (82.6%), a marked deficit in contrast enhancement could be visualized by initial PHI with the color-coded parameter images and cine-mode images. In 17 of the 23 (73.9%), the perfusion deficit was found on the parameter images. The area of hypoperfusion in the initial PHI investigation corresponded to the definite area of @entity3 in follow-up cranial CT. In 3 of 23 @entity0 (13.0%), a perfusion deficit could be demonstrated in PHI, although the supplying artery was found patent by transcranial color-coded duplex sonography. CONCLUSIONS: With PHI, it is possible to display cerebral perfusion deficits in acute @entity2 . PHI yields additional information on the perfusion state of the @entity0 brain compared with extracranial and transcranial color-coded duplex sonography.

title: Parametric perfusion imaging with contrast-enhanced ultrasound in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the applied kinesiologic evaluation of Chapman's neurolymphatic (NL) reflexes in the management of a @entity0 with an unusual @entity1 and its role in the manifestation of @entity3 . The theoretical foundations of these reflexes will be elaborated on and practical applications discussed. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 29-year-old @entity0 had @entity3 . Radiographs of the @entity0 's lumbar spine and pelvis were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a mild protrusion of the fifth lumbar disk. Oral anti-inflammatory agents, @entity2 injections, and chiropractic manipulative therapy provided little relief. Though generally in robust health, the @entity0 was aware of a @entity1 diagnosed when he was a @entity0 ; it was thought to be of no consequence with regard to his current back condition. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: The @entity0 's history, combined with applied kinesiology examination, indicated a need to direct treatment to the large bowel. The essential diagnostic indicators were the analysis of the Chapman's neurolymphatic reflexes themselves, coupled with an evaluation of the traditional acupuncture meridians. The primary prescribed therapy was the stimulation of these reflexes by the @entity0 at home. This intervention resulted in the resolution of the @entity0 's musculoskeletal symptomatology, as well as improved bowel function. CONCLUSION: The rather remarkable outcome from the application of this relatively simple, yet valuable, diagnostic and therapeutic procedure represents a thought-provoking impetus for future study and clinical application.

title: Evaluation of Chapman's neurolymphatic reflexes via applied kinesiology: a case report of XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the applied kinesiologic evaluation of Chapman's neurolymphatic (NL) reflexes in the management of a @entity0 with an unusual @entity1 and its role in the manifestation of @entity3 . The theoretical foundations of these reflexes will be elaborated on and practical applications discussed. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 29-year-old @entity0 had @entity3 . Radiographs of the @entity0 's lumbar spine and pelvis were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a mild protrusion of the fifth lumbar disk. Oral anti-inflammatory agents, @entity2 injections, and chiropractic manipulative therapy provided little relief. Though generally in robust health, the @entity0 was aware of a @entity1 diagnosed when he was a @entity0 ; it was thought to be of no consequence with regard to his current back condition. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: The @entity0 's history, combined with applied kinesiology examination, indicated a need to direct treatment to the large bowel. The essential diagnostic indicators were the analysis of the Chapman's neurolymphatic reflexes themselves, coupled with an evaluation of the traditional acupuncture meridians. The primary prescribed therapy was the stimulation of these reflexes by the @entity0 at home. This intervention resulted in the resolution of the @entity0 's musculoskeletal symptomatology, as well as improved bowel function. CONCLUSION: The rather remarkable outcome from the application of this relatively simple, yet valuable, diagnostic and therapeutic procedure represents a thought-provoking impetus for future study and clinical application.

title: Evaluation of Chapman's neurolymphatic reflexes via applied kinesiology: a case report of @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the problems and outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in @entity0 with @entity1 due to @entity11 . METHOD: Case note review of nine such consecutive @entity0 treated with PKP. A Kaplan - Meir survival curve was plotted for the series. RESULTS: Nine @entity0 , ranging in age from 27 to 71 years at the time of their surgery were followed up for a mean of 28 months. All had undergone previous surgery for @entity8 . Preoperatively all @entity0 had controlled intraocular pressures, and four were on ocular @entity7 . Two @entity0 developed @entity3 at 15 and 41 months postoperative. Raised pressure was the cause in both. Final visual acuity improved in five @entity0 , was the same in three, and deteriorated in only one. Complications included raised intraocular pressure, @entity5 , @entity9 , and @entity10 secondary to an infected Molteno implant. CONCLUSION: Despite multiple impediments to @entity4 including previous surgery and pre-existing @entity2 , a successful outcome was achieved by careful @entity0 selection, and an awareness of, and meticulous @entity6 .

title: Penetrating keratoplasty in adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 leads to @entity1 overload in many tissues and may lead to liver @entity3 and @entity4 . Early diagnosis and therapy are crucial. Since 80-100% of @entity8 @entity0 of European origin are homozygous for a @entity6 to @entity7 exchange in the @entity9 gene at codon 282, genetic screening might be useful. Representative population studies are needed to evaluate the phenotype of @entity0 heterozygous and homozygous for the @entity10 mutation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between parameters of @entity1 metabolism and the @entity8 genotype in a large population-based study. METHODS: A representative population-based survey, the Diabetomobil study, analyzed 5,083 German probands. Serum @entity2 saturation and ferritin levels were determined, and the @entity10 mutation of the @entity9 gene was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: Nine of 373 probands with a @entity2 saturation > 55% (2.4%) and none of 264 randomly selected probands with a @entity2 saturation < or = 55% (0%) were homozygous for the @entity10 mutation. Three of the nine homozygous probands had ferritin values less than 250 micrograms/L. The frequency of the heterozygous genotype was 8.8%, and the percentage of heterozygous probands increased with increasing levels of @entity2 saturation. CONCLUSION: We propose a population screening strategy with an initial @entity2 saturation test, followed by genotyping for the @entity10 mutation if the @entity2 saturation is above 55%, regardless of the ferritin level. Heterozygous individuals with higher @entity2 saturation values may be protected against @entity1 loss but may also be more susceptible for certain @entity5 , depending on the simultaneous prevalence of other diseases.

title: Correlation between @entity1 status and XXXX (codon @entity10 ) in a large German population.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 leads to @entity1 overload in many tissues and may lead to liver @entity3 and @entity4 . Early diagnosis and therapy are crucial. Since 80-100% of @entity8 @entity0 of European origin are homozygous for a @entity6 to @entity7 exchange in the @entity9 gene at codon 282, genetic screening might be useful. Representative population studies are needed to evaluate the phenotype of @entity0 heterozygous and homozygous for the @entity10 mutation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between parameters of @entity1 metabolism and the @entity8 genotype in a large population-based study. METHODS: A representative population-based survey, the Diabetomobil study, analyzed 5,083 German probands. Serum @entity2 saturation and ferritin levels were determined, and the @entity10 mutation of the @entity9 gene was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: Nine of 373 probands with a @entity2 saturation > 55% (2.4%) and none of 264 randomly selected probands with a @entity2 saturation < or = 55% (0%) were homozygous for the @entity10 mutation. Three of the nine homozygous probands had ferritin values less than 250 micrograms/L. The frequency of the heterozygous genotype was 8.8%, and the percentage of heterozygous probands increased with increasing levels of @entity2 saturation. CONCLUSION: We propose a population screening strategy with an initial @entity2 saturation test, followed by genotyping for the @entity10 mutation if the @entity2 saturation is above 55%, regardless of the ferritin level. Heterozygous individuals with higher @entity2 saturation values may be protected against @entity1 loss but may also be more susceptible for certain @entity5 , depending on the simultaneous prevalence of other diseases.

title: Correlation between XXXX status and @entity8 (codon @entity10 ) in a large German population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 leads to @entity1 overload in many tissues and may lead to liver @entity3 and @entity4 . Early diagnosis and therapy are crucial. Since 80-100% of @entity8 @entity0 of European origin are homozygous for a @entity6 to @entity7 exchange in the @entity9 gene at codon 282, genetic screening might be useful. Representative population studies are needed to evaluate the phenotype of @entity0 heterozygous and homozygous for the @entity10 mutation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between parameters of @entity1 metabolism and the @entity8 genotype in a large population-based study. METHODS: A representative population-based survey, the Diabetomobil study, analyzed 5,083 German probands. Serum @entity2 saturation and ferritin levels were determined, and the @entity10 mutation of the @entity9 gene was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: Nine of 373 probands with a @entity2 saturation > 55% (2.4%) and none of 264 randomly selected probands with a @entity2 saturation < or = 55% (0%) were homozygous for the @entity10 mutation. Three of the nine homozygous probands had ferritin values less than 250 micrograms/L. The frequency of the heterozygous genotype was 8.8%, and the percentage of heterozygous probands increased with increasing levels of @entity2 saturation. CONCLUSION: We propose a population screening strategy with an initial @entity2 saturation test, followed by genotyping for the @entity10 mutation if the @entity2 saturation is above 55%, regardless of the ferritin level. Heterozygous individuals with higher @entity2 saturation values may be protected against @entity1 loss but may also be more susceptible for certain @entity5 , depending on the simultaneous prevalence of other diseases.

title: Correlation between @entity1 status and @entity8 (codon XXXX ) in a large German population.

answer: @entity10


abstract: A modification of Fontan's approach to the surgical management of @entity4 was employed in nine @entity0 . A valved conduit was used to create continuity between the right atrium and the surgically modified right ventricular chamber. Six @entity0 had had previous shunting procedures. Preoperative studies revealed various degrees of @entity2 of the right ventricle beneath relatively normal pulmonary valves. At surgery, the atrial septal and @entity5 were closed, the right ventricular chamber was enlarged, and right atrial-right ventricular continuity was established with a valved conduit. There was one @entity1 . The eight survivors have been clinically well as long as 3 1/2 years following surgery. Postoperative cardiac catheterization was performed in five @entity0 . Ventricularized pressure tracings were recorded in the right ventricular chambers and the morphology of the @entity3 curves were normal. In all instances, angiography demonstrated significant enlargement of a pulsatile right ventricular chamber. Thus, in many @entity0 with @entity4 , establishment of a four-chambered, four-valved heart is feasible, both from an anatomic and physiologic standpoint.

title: Physiological approach to surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We studied 51 @entity0 with @entity3 over a 32-month period to determine the effect of coronary revascularization or ventricular resection on @entity6 . In these @entity0 , whose major indications for operation were @entity5 , operative mortality was 18% (9/51). @entity4 could not be documented in 16 @entity0 , including four resuscitated from an arrest; 15 underwent coronary grafting, and one had grafting and mitral valve replacement, with one @entity1 . @entity9 ( @entity9 ) persist in four of the 15 survivors; all those who had an arrest are free of @entity9 . The other 35 @entity0 had documented @entity7 , associated with an arrest in 19. Grafting only was required in 18, with no hospital mortality and two late deaths (congestive failure and @entity6 at 7 months, @entity6 at 5 months); eight of 16 survivors have @entity9 . Acute (< 3 weeks) @entity7 resection was performed in six @entity0 with three hospital deaths, no late deaths; one survivor has @entity9 . Chronic (> 3 weeks) @entity2 resection in four @entity0 (with bypass grafting in three) had no operative mortality, one late @entity1 (5 months) from @entity6 , and one survivor continues with @entity9 . The remaining seven @entity0 , all in @entity8 , required more than two procedures (bypass grafting, LV resection, @entity10 closure, mitral valve replacement), with five hospital deaths; the two survivors still have @entity9 . Thus, @entity6 secondary to @entity3 is more likely to resolve postoperatively in @entity0 without @entity4 , but its postoperative persistence remains substantial and may warrant special efforts to locate and ablate ectopic foci and/or re-entry pathways.

title: Effect of surgery on XXXX associated with coronary arterial occlusive disease.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a frequent disease. It is characterized by @entity6 and elevation of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) levels. The incidence is variable, being more frequent in @entity0 (3:1) in the perimenopauseal period. In the last decades, diagnosis of asymptomatic @entity2 has increased due to automatized calcium determinations. Duration of the disease and serum concentrations of calcium and @entity3 determine symptomatology. Surgery is the definitive treatment. It is important to assess surgical criteria in asymptomatic @entity0 . Successful treatment of this disease depends on a highly specialized team of parathyroid surgeons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the clinical and biochemical background of @entity0 subjected to parathyroidectomy from January 1998 to August 2003 in our medical center. We then analyzed clinical and laboratory data, final histopathologic diagnosis, and surgery outcome. RESULTS: Sixty seven @entity0 were included, with an average age of 50 years (+/- 11.9), 15 @entity0 and 52 @entity0 . Greatest frequency of @entity2 was observed in @entity0 between 40 and 60 years of age. Average calcium value was 11.7 mg/dl (+/- 1.23) and that of @entity3 was 194.5 pg/ml (+/- 93). Histopathologic diagnosis was @entity4 in 56 (83.58%), @entity5 in 9 (13.43%), and @entity1 in 2 (2.9%) @entity0 . Cure of the disease was achieved in 65 @entity0 (97%). @entity2 is a surgically curable disease; it is necessary to confirm diagnosis and decide on surgical treatment in accordance with established criteria even if the disease is asymptomatic.

title: [ XXXX : a report of 67 cases. The experience of 5 years at the IMSS Centro M  dico Nacional Siglo XXI Specialties Hospital].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is an important risk factor for surgical site infections. The incidence of @entity4 is directly related to tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Fat tissue mass expands without a concomitant increase in blood flow per cell, which might result in a relative hypoperfusion with decreased tissue oxygenation. Consequently, the authors tested the hypotheses that perioperative tissue @entity1 tension is reduced in @entity2 surgical @entity0 . Furthermore, they compared the effect of supplemental @entity1 administration on tissue oxygenation in @entity2 and nonobese @entity0 . METHODS: Forty-six @entity0 undergoing major abdominal surgery were assigned to one of two groups according to their body mass index: body mass index less than 30 kg/m2 (nonobese) or 30 kg/m2 or greater ( @entity2 ). Intraoperative @entity1 administration was adjusted to arterial @entity1 tensions of approximately 150 mmHg and approximately 300 mmHg in random order. Anesthesia technique and perioperative fluid management were standardized. Subcutaneous tissue @entity1 tension was measured with a polarographic electrode positioned within a subcutaneous tonometer in the lateral upper arm during surgery, in the recovery room, and on the first postoperative day. Postoperative tissue @entity1 was also measured adjacent to the wound. Data were compared with unpaired two-tailed t tests and Wilcoxon rank sum test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Intraoperative subcutaneous tissue @entity1 tension was significantly less in the @entity2 @entity0 at baseline (36 vs. 57 mmHg; P = 0.002) and with supplemental @entity1 administration (47 vs. 76 mmHg; P = 0.014). Immediate postoperative tissue @entity1 tension was also significantly less in subcutaneous tissue of the upper arm (43 vs. 54 mmHg; P = 0.011) as well as near the incision (42 vs. 62 mmHg; P = 0.012) in @entity2 @entity0 . In contrast, tissue @entity1 tension was comparable in each group on the first postoperative morning. CONCLUSION: Wound and tissue @entity3 were common in @entity2 @entity0 in the perioperative period and most pronounced during surgery. Even with supplemental @entity1 tissue, @entity1 tension in @entity2 @entity0 was reduced to levels that are associated with a substantial increase in infection risk.

title: XXXX decreases perioperative tissue oxygenation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful minimally invasive or imaging-guided operations in @entity0 with primary, recurrent, and persistent @entity2 are based on the reliability of preoperative parathyroid localization studies. The CT-MIBI image fusion promises a higher diagnostic accuracy than current imaging procedures. The aim of our study was to assess its reliability in correctly detecting enlarged parathyroid glands. METHODS: In a prospective study 24 consecutive @entity0 underwent CT-MIBI image fusion as preoperative parathyroid localization procedure. The results of @entity1 99m sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography (MIBI-SPECT) alone, today the standard method in parathyroid imaging, and CT-MIBI image fusion were analyzed by a blinded reviewer, and the imaging results were compared with the intraoperative findings. RESULTS: For CT-MIBI image fusion a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 100% in correctly detecting the position of enlarged parathyroid glands was calculated and compared with a sensitivity of MIBI-SPECT of 31% and a specificity of 87% (P<.001). This new imaging technique enabled us to successfully treat 22 of our @entity0 (92%) with imaging-guided surgery. Twenty (83%) underwent unilateral or minimally invasive operations. CONCLUSIONS: CT-MIBI image fusion appears to be superior to MIBI-SPECT in preoperative parathyroid imaging. CT-MIBI image fusion can be performed on existing CT- and MIBI-SPECT units. We recommend this method for preoperative localization in @entity0 with primary, recurrent and persistent @entity2 .

title: CT-MIBI image fusion: a new preoperative localization technique for primary, recurrent, and persistent XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effectiveness of cochlear implants in profoundly deaf @entity0 could be demonstrated in the last years. One of the problems of these @entity0 is the decreased speech understanding in noise. Therefore bilateral cochlear implantation seems to be obvious. Another problem of unilateral cochlear implantation is to predict the better side for implantation concerning speech understanding. Only a few factors seem to help for the choice of the side for implantation. One of these is duration of @entity1 . In other studies short duration of @entity1 is a significant predictor of good word recognition. We present a case of a deaf @entity0 with a time gap of 23 years for @entity1 between both ears. The @entity0 underwent bilateral cochlear implantation (Med-el Combi 40+) as one stage procedure. After activation of the speech processor he shows better speech understanding on that ear, which is deaf for more than 25 years. In addition he has further improvement of speech understanding in noise by using both implants compared to one. In unilateral cochlear implantation selection of the side might still be difficult. In bilateral cochlear implantation the better side is always implanted, which is an other advantage of bilateral cochlear implantation.

title: [Bilateral cochlea implantation in varying duration of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and @entity10 in @entity0 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) from India, with particular reference to autoimmune perturbations and @entity9 cell subsets ( @entity4 and @entity5 cells). METHODS: 16 consecutive @entity0 with @entity14 (11 females and 5 males) underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation inclusive of flow cytometric analysis of T cell subsets ( @entity4 and @entity5 ). A control population of 94 age- and sex-matched blood donors was used to determine the normal T cell subsets. Student's t-test was used to compare the means. RESULTS: The mean age at onset was 23.4 + 2.3 yrs. Common symptoms observed were @entity1 , @entity12 , @entity6 and @entity3 . Common clinical signs observed included reduced arterial pulsations, bruits, and a BP difference > 10 mm Hg in the upper limbs. Systemic @entity2 was documented in 12 @entity0 . The mean absolute lymphocyte count in the @entity0 was 2289/mm3. The mean @entity4 count and @entity4 % were 1003 and 41 respectively; the mean @entity5 count and @entity5 % were 755 and 34, respectively; and the mean @entity15 ratio was 1.41. The @entity0 had statistically significantly higher @entity5 but not @entity4 T cell values than controls. IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels were increased. The mean multi-test CMI score in @entity0 using CMI multi-test device of Pasteur Merieux was 14.6 mm. Two @entity0 had an anergic response, 4 a partial response (1-13 mm), and 6 a full response of > 13 mm. Four @entity0 hyper-responded with a score of > 20 mm. ANCA was positive in 2 @entity0 . ANA was positive in 3 patients. IgG anticardiolipin was positive in 12 @entity0 and IgM in 3; overall 12 patients were anticardiolipin positive by ELISA. Anti- @entity13 of the IgG variety was found to be positive in 3 @entity0 and IgM in 2 @entity0 ; overall 3 @entity0 being positive for the same. Nine of the @entity0 with active disease were started on a combination of moderate dose @entity7 (20-40 mg once daily) along with weekly oral @entity11 (7.5-15.0 mg). Surgical intervention was required in 6 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: This study found an increase in @entity5 positive T cell subsets, increased IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels, and the presence of autoantibodies including ANA, ANCA, anticardiolipin and anti- @entity13 antibodies in @entity14 @entity0 . @entity14 may be an @entity8 with T cell aberrations. The relationship with antiphospholipid antibodies and anti- @entity13 needs to be explored and confirmed by other larger studies. The strikingly positive responses to tuberculin, as well as the multi-test CMI also indicate exaggerated T cell responses and cell mediated immunity in @entity14 . Immunosuppressive therapy was successful in controlling disease activity in the majority, but surgery was needed for irreversible stenotic lesions.

title: Analysis of the clinical profile, autoimmune phenomena and T cell subsets ( @entity4 and @entity5 ) in XXXX : a hospital-based study.

answer: @entity14


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and @entity10 in @entity0 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) from India, with particular reference to autoimmune perturbations and @entity9 cell subsets ( @entity4 and @entity5 cells). METHODS: 16 consecutive @entity0 with @entity14 (11 females and 5 males) underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation inclusive of flow cytometric analysis of T cell subsets ( @entity4 and @entity5 ). A control population of 94 age- and sex-matched blood donors was used to determine the normal T cell subsets. Student's t-test was used to compare the means. RESULTS: The mean age at onset was 23.4 + 2.3 yrs. Common symptoms observed were @entity1 , @entity12 , @entity6 and @entity3 . Common clinical signs observed included reduced arterial pulsations, bruits, and a BP difference > 10 mm Hg in the upper limbs. Systemic @entity2 was documented in 12 @entity0 . The mean absolute lymphocyte count in the @entity0 was 2289/mm3. The mean @entity4 count and @entity4 % were 1003 and 41 respectively; the mean @entity5 count and @entity5 % were 755 and 34, respectively; and the mean @entity15 ratio was 1.41. The @entity0 had statistically significantly higher @entity5 but not @entity4 T cell values than controls. IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels were increased. The mean multi-test CMI score in @entity0 using CMI multi-test device of Pasteur Merieux was 14.6 mm. Two @entity0 had an anergic response, 4 a partial response (1-13 mm), and 6 a full response of > 13 mm. Four @entity0 hyper-responded with a score of > 20 mm. ANCA was positive in 2 @entity0 . ANA was positive in 3 patients. IgG anticardiolipin was positive in 12 @entity0 and IgM in 3; overall 12 patients were anticardiolipin positive by ELISA. Anti- @entity13 of the IgG variety was found to be positive in 3 @entity0 and IgM in 2 @entity0 ; overall 3 @entity0 being positive for the same. Nine of the @entity0 with active disease were started on a combination of moderate dose @entity7 (20-40 mg once daily) along with weekly oral @entity11 (7.5-15.0 mg). Surgical intervention was required in 6 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: This study found an increase in @entity5 positive T cell subsets, increased IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels, and the presence of autoantibodies including ANA, ANCA, anticardiolipin and anti- @entity13 antibodies in @entity14 @entity0 . @entity14 may be an @entity8 with T cell aberrations. The relationship with antiphospholipid antibodies and anti- @entity13 needs to be explored and confirmed by other larger studies. The strikingly positive responses to tuberculin, as well as the multi-test CMI also indicate exaggerated T cell responses and cell mediated immunity in @entity14 . Immunosuppressive therapy was successful in controlling disease activity in the majority, but surgery was needed for irreversible stenotic lesions.

title: Analysis of the clinical profile, autoimmune phenomena and T cell subsets ( @entity4 and XXXX ) in @entity14 : a hospital-based study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and @entity10 in @entity0 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) from India, with particular reference to autoimmune perturbations and @entity9 cell subsets ( @entity4 and @entity5 cells). METHODS: 16 consecutive @entity0 with @entity14 (11 females and 5 males) underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation inclusive of flow cytometric analysis of T cell subsets ( @entity4 and @entity5 ). A control population of 94 age- and sex-matched blood donors was used to determine the normal T cell subsets. Student's t-test was used to compare the means. RESULTS: The mean age at onset was 23.4 + 2.3 yrs. Common symptoms observed were @entity1 , @entity12 , @entity6 and @entity3 . Common clinical signs observed included reduced arterial pulsations, bruits, and a BP difference > 10 mm Hg in the upper limbs. Systemic @entity2 was documented in 12 @entity0 . The mean absolute lymphocyte count in the @entity0 was 2289/mm3. The mean @entity4 count and @entity4 % were 1003 and 41 respectively; the mean @entity5 count and @entity5 % were 755 and 34, respectively; and the mean @entity15 ratio was 1.41. The @entity0 had statistically significantly higher @entity5 but not @entity4 T cell values than controls. IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels were increased. The mean multi-test CMI score in @entity0 using CMI multi-test device of Pasteur Merieux was 14.6 mm. Two @entity0 had an anergic response, 4 a partial response (1-13 mm), and 6 a full response of > 13 mm. Four @entity0 hyper-responded with a score of > 20 mm. ANCA was positive in 2 @entity0 . ANA was positive in 3 patients. IgG anticardiolipin was positive in 12 @entity0 and IgM in 3; overall 12 patients were anticardiolipin positive by ELISA. Anti- @entity13 of the IgG variety was found to be positive in 3 @entity0 and IgM in 2 @entity0 ; overall 3 @entity0 being positive for the same. Nine of the @entity0 with active disease were started on a combination of moderate dose @entity7 (20-40 mg once daily) along with weekly oral @entity11 (7.5-15.0 mg). Surgical intervention was required in 6 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: This study found an increase in @entity5 positive T cell subsets, increased IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels, and the presence of autoantibodies including ANA, ANCA, anticardiolipin and anti- @entity13 antibodies in @entity14 @entity0 . @entity14 may be an @entity8 with T cell aberrations. The relationship with antiphospholipid antibodies and anti- @entity13 needs to be explored and confirmed by other larger studies. The strikingly positive responses to tuberculin, as well as the multi-test CMI also indicate exaggerated T cell responses and cell mediated immunity in @entity14 . Immunosuppressive therapy was successful in controlling disease activity in the majority, but surgery was needed for irreversible stenotic lesions.

title: Analysis of the clinical profile, autoimmune phenomena and T cell subsets ( XXXX and @entity5 ) in @entity14 : a hospital-based study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Antibodies reacting with the m3 subtype muscarinic @entity2 receptor appear to be an important pathogenic factor in primary Sj  gren's syndrome (pSS). As this receptor subtype is functionally important in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, and very little is known about the autonomic nervous system function in these organs in pSS @entity0 , the occurrence and clinical significance of an @entity1 involving the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts were investigated. METHODS: Data on clinical symptoms attributable to an @entity4 were collected from 51 pSS @entity0 . Gastric emptying scintigraphy and urodynamic studies were performed on 30 and 16 @entity0 , respectively, and the results were correlated with @entity0 characteristics and with the presence of @entity3 . RESULTS: Gastric emptying was abnormally slow in 21 of the 30 examined @entity0 (70%). Urodynamic findings, compatible with a decreased detrusor muscle tone or contractility were found in 9 of the 16 @entity0 tested (56%). Various symptoms of an @entity1 were reported by 2-16% of the @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Signs of an @entity1 involving the gastrointestinal and the urinary systems can be observed in the majority of pSS @entity0 . This high occurrence is rarely associated with clinically significant symptoms. The authors presume a role of autoantibodies reacting with the m3 muscarinic @entity2 receptor in the elicitation of the @entity4 .

title: XXXX involving the gastrointestinal and the urinary tracts in primary Sj  gren's syndrome.

answer: @entity1