abstract: BACKGROUND: Home hospital is advocated in many western countries in spite of limited evidence of its economic advantage over usual hospital care. @entity3 and @entity2 are two medical conditions which are frequently targeted by home hospital programs. While recent trials were devoted to comparisons of safety and costs, the acceptance of home hospital for @entity0 with these conditions remains poorly described. OBJECTIVE: To document the medical eligibility and final transfer decision to home hospital for @entity0 hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of @entity3 or @entity2 . DESIGN: Longitudinal study of @entity0 admitted to the medical ward of acute care hospitals, up to the final decision concerning their transfer. SETTING: Medical departments of one university hospital and two regional teaching Swiss hospitals. @entity0 : All @entity0 admitted over a 9 month period to the three settings with a primary diagnosis of @entity3 (n= 301) or @entity1 (n=441). MEASUREMENTS: Presence of permanent exclusion criteria on admission; final decision of (in)eligibility based on medical criteria; final decision regarding the transfer, taking into account the opinions of the family physician, the @entity0 and informal caregivers. RESULTS: While 27.9% of @entity3 and 37.6% of @entity1 @entity0 were considered to be eligible from a medical point of view, the program acceptance by family physicians, @entity0 and informal caregivers was low and a transfer to home hospital was ultimately chosen for just 3.8% of @entity3 and 9.6% of @entity1 @entity0 . There were no major differences between the three settings. CONCLUSIONS: In the case of these two conditions, the potential economic advantage of home hospital over usual inpatient care is compromised by the low proportion of @entity0 ultimately transferred.

title: @entity3 and XXXX : cases for home hospital?

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 at night is characterized by a nocturnal increase in @entity6 . It has been hypothesized that nocturnal @entity4 results from an increase in airway wall @entity1 at night. However, studies on inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and bronchial biopsies have produced conflicting data. This study assessed inflammatory cell numbers at 16:00 h and 04:00 h in bronchial biopsies of 13 healthy controls, 15 @entity5 @entity0 with peak expiratory flow (PEF) variation < or =15% and 10 @entity5 @entity0 with PEF variation >15%. There was no significant increase at night in the number of CD3, @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity7 , AAI (tryptase) and EG2-immunopositive cells in the submucosa in both groups. Numbers of EG2-positive cells in the two @entity5 groups were significantly higher than in healthy controls, both at 16:00 h (p<0.05) and 04:00 h (p<0.01). The number of EG2, @entity2 and @entity7 -positive cells at 04:00 and 16:00 h tended to be higher in asthmatics with a PEF variation >15% than in asthmatics with PEF variation < or =15%. At 04:00 h the median numbers of EG2-positive cells (per mm basement membrane) in subjects with PEF variation >15% and < or =15% were 6 and 3 cells, respectively, and at 16:00 h 4 and 25 cells respectively. Increased nocturnal @entity6 is not associated with increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the bronchial submucosa at night. Apparently, @entity5 @entity0 with a peak expiratory flow variation >15% suffer from a higher overall severity of @entity1 at night and during the day.

title: Increased peak expiratory flow variation in @entity4 : severe persistent increase but not nocturnal worsening of airway XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 at night is characterized by a nocturnal increase in @entity6 . It has been hypothesized that nocturnal @entity4 results from an increase in airway wall @entity1 at night. However, studies on inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and bronchial biopsies have produced conflicting data. This study assessed inflammatory cell numbers at 16:00 h and 04:00 h in bronchial biopsies of 13 healthy controls, 15 @entity5 @entity0 with peak expiratory flow (PEF) variation < or =15% and 10 @entity5 @entity0 with PEF variation >15%. There was no significant increase at night in the number of CD3, @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity7 , AAI (tryptase) and EG2-immunopositive cells in the submucosa in both groups. Numbers of EG2-positive cells in the two @entity5 groups were significantly higher than in healthy controls, both at 16:00 h (p<0.05) and 04:00 h (p<0.01). The number of EG2, @entity2 and @entity7 -positive cells at 04:00 and 16:00 h tended to be higher in asthmatics with a PEF variation >15% than in asthmatics with PEF variation < or =15%. At 04:00 h the median numbers of EG2-positive cells (per mm basement membrane) in subjects with PEF variation >15% and < or =15% were 6 and 3 cells, respectively, and at 16:00 h 4 and 25 cells respectively. Increased nocturnal @entity6 is not associated with increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the bronchial submucosa at night. Apparently, @entity5 @entity0 with a peak expiratory flow variation >15% suffer from a higher overall severity of @entity1 at night and during the day.

title: Increased peak expiratory flow variation in XXXX : severe persistent increase but not nocturnal worsening of airway @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: To assess the effect of local @entity4 on the systemic absorption of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) during intravesical chemotherapy for the treatment of superficial transitional cell @entity3 , and to establish the likely safety of this procedure. METHODS: Group 1 (n = 12) received 20 mg intravesical @entity6 plus local @entity4 , group 2 (n = 13) 20 mg @entity6 alone, group 3 (n = 16) 40 mg @entity6 plus local @entity4 and group 4 (n = 10) 40 mg @entity6 alone. @entity0 in groups 1, 2, and 4 underwent post- @entity1 resection adjuvant treatment, whereas those in group 3 still had @entity1 present and were treated to eradicate it. Intravesical instillation lasted 60 min, with the solution (50 ml) being replaced after the first 30 min. Blood samples were taken before, and every 15 min during instillation. @entity6 concentrations in plasma and in urine were determined by h.p.l.c. RESULTS: The highest @entity6 plasma concentration (67.9 ng ml(-1)) occurred in a @entity0 in group 3. This value was well below the threshold concentration (400 ng ml-1) for myelosuppression. Local @entity4 associated with the intravesical chemotherapy enhanced plasma @entity6 concentrations at 30, 45 and 60 min compared with chemotherapy alone (Group 1 vs 2, P < or = 0.008). Systemic exposure to @entity6 was not significantly increased by doubling the intravesical dose when intravesical chemotherapy alone was administered. @entity0 in group 3 displayed the highest degree of @entity6 absorption and the greatest variability in pharmacokinetics between @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Local @entity4 enhances the systemic absorption of @entity6 during intravesical chemotherapy for @entity3 . In the doses used, plasma @entity6 concentrations were always more than six times lower than those shown to cause @entity2 .

title: Effect of local @entity4 of the bladder on XXXX pharmacokinetics during intravesical chemotherapy for the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS: To assess the effect of local @entity4 on the systemic absorption of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) during intravesical chemotherapy for the treatment of superficial transitional cell @entity3 , and to establish the likely safety of this procedure. METHODS: Group 1 (n = 12) received 20 mg intravesical @entity6 plus local @entity4 , group 2 (n = 13) 20 mg @entity6 alone, group 3 (n = 16) 40 mg @entity6 plus local @entity4 and group 4 (n = 10) 40 mg @entity6 alone. @entity0 in groups 1, 2, and 4 underwent post- @entity1 resection adjuvant treatment, whereas those in group 3 still had @entity1 present and were treated to eradicate it. Intravesical instillation lasted 60 min, with the solution (50 ml) being replaced after the first 30 min. Blood samples were taken before, and every 15 min during instillation. @entity6 concentrations in plasma and in urine were determined by h.p.l.c. RESULTS: The highest @entity6 plasma concentration (67.9 ng ml(-1)) occurred in a @entity0 in group 3. This value was well below the threshold concentration (400 ng ml-1) for myelosuppression. Local @entity4 associated with the intravesical chemotherapy enhanced plasma @entity6 concentrations at 30, 45 and 60 min compared with chemotherapy alone (Group 1 vs 2, P < or = 0.008). Systemic exposure to @entity6 was not significantly increased by doubling the intravesical dose when intravesical chemotherapy alone was administered. @entity0 in group 3 displayed the highest degree of @entity6 absorption and the greatest variability in pharmacokinetics between @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Local @entity4 enhances the systemic absorption of @entity6 during intravesical chemotherapy for @entity3 . In the doses used, plasma @entity6 concentrations were always more than six times lower than those shown to cause @entity2 .

title: Effect of local XXXX of the bladder on @entity5 pharmacokinetics during intravesical chemotherapy for the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stage I (T1-2NOM0) @entity3 is associated with a 5-year survival rate of 15-25%. Despite apparently curative resection and pathologic staging indicating localized disease, these @entity2 recur. The authors hypothesized that there exists microscopic regional disease that is not detected by surgical exploration or routine histopathology. METHODS: Because 90-95% of @entity4 exhibit codon 12 @entity5 mutations, the authors examined regional lymph nodes for mutated @entity5 as a marker of @entity1 . DNA was extracted from paraffin embedded archival specimens (primary @entity2 and histologically negative lymph nodes) of @entity0 with Stage I @entity4 . The target region of @entity5 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and tested for codon 12 mutation by BstN1 restriction digestion (restriction fragment length polymorphism [RFLP]) that recognized normal but not mutated sequences. Cell lines that harbored normal or mutated @entity5 and resected jejunum or gallbladder were used as controls. The regional lymph nodes of 22 @entity0 whose @entity2 harbored mutated @entity5 were tested. RESULTS: Dilution experiments with normal and mutant control cell line DNA demonstrated an assay sensitivity for mutated @entity5 of 0.1%. Mutated @entity5 was found in at least 1 regional lymph node in 16 (73%) of 22 @entity0 with pathologic Stage I @entity4 , which suggested metastases not detected by routine histopathology. DNA sequence analysis was performed in four @entity0 and confirmed identical point mutations in the @entity2 and accompanying PCR/RFLP positive lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: Pathologic examination of regional lymph nodes in @entity4 specimens fails to detect metastases in many @entity0 . Lymph node micrometastasis is one reason for the poor survival rates observed among @entity0 with @entity2 . PCR/RFLP may have a role in staging early @entity4 .

title: XXXX : detection of occult metastases in regional lymph nodes by a polymerase chain reaction-based assay.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The first round screening films of 100 @entity1 who had @entity2 detected in the second round of the NHS Breast Screening Programme, were reviewed blindly, and then retrospectively, with knowledge of the site of the subsequent @entity2 . On initial blind viewing of the first screening mammograms, a lesion, later histologically proven to be the @entity2 , was correctly identified in 25 false- @entity3 . However, 51 @entity3 which did not develop into @entity2 were also identified. Review with knowledge of the site of the lesions at second round screening identified an additional 19 @entity3 . The mammographic features of the 25 @entity3 initially identified on blind review were ill-defined masses (52%), architectural distortion (20%), asymmetrical densities (16%), enlarged lymph nodes (8%) and a well defined lesion (4%). Sixteen of these lesions were classified as minimal change, suspicious change in four, clearly malignant in three and benign in two. Forty-eight percent of the @entity3 occurred in the established review areas of the breast. On retrospective review, 25% of incident round screen detected @entity0 were potentially detectable on the previous screening mammograms and the majority of these lesions were ill-defined masses that were more likely to occur in the 'review areas' of the breast. However, only 7% demonstrated mammographic features that were clearly recognized as suspicious of @entity2 . We therefore recommend that radiologists involved in screen reading should pay particular @entity4 occurring in the so-called review areas.

title: Second round XXXX : how many were visible on the first round of the UK National Breast Screening Programme, three years earlier?

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Non-specific aortoarteritis ( @entity2 ) is a panarteritis of unknown aetiology which primarily involves the vessel walls. The imaging morphology of wall abnormalities has been infrequently studied and their intravascular ultrasound appearance is not reported in the literature. METHOD: We studied this morphology by intravascular ultrasound in nine @entity0 in whom the diagnosis of @entity2 was made by clinical and angiographic criteria. Intravascular ultrasound was performed by the transfemoral route. Images of the aorta were obtained in each @entity0 . Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed. RESULTS: All procedures were successful, without complication. Typical findings included thickening and altered echogenicity of the media, adventitia and peri-arterial tissues. The inner echogenic layer was thin. Pliability of aortic walls was lost in stenotic segments. @entity1 was seen in one @entity0 . The aortic wall thickness was 0.17-0.58 cm. Angiograms showed skip areas of aortic involvement. Intravascular ultrasound showed wall changes even in the skip areas which were normal at angiography. CONCLUSION: Intravascular ultrasound shows changes in the aortic wall morphology in non-specific aortoarteritis. Our findings suggest that this disease involves contiguous aortic segments, producing wall and luminal changes in some areas and only wall changes in intervening areas.

title: Morphological mural changes in the aorta in non-specific aortoarteritis ( XXXX ): assessment by intravascular ultrasound imaging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are a leading cause of maternal mortality in low and middle income countries (LMICs). @entity1 complicates pregnancy in many malarial endemic areas with the greatest burden in sub-saharan Africa. It has been suggested that there is a link between placental @entity2 (PMI) caused by @entity4 and @entity1 . To our knowledge, a systematic review has never been conducted on the relationship between PMI and @entity1 and the modification of that relationship with parity. OBJECTIVES: 1. To critically assess the association between PMI and @entity1 among a general obstetrical population in @entity5 . To evaluate if the relationship between PMI and @entity1 is modified by parity. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review for any study reporting on placental @entity3 and @entity1 . A literature search based on a prospectively prepared protocol was conducted in PubMed Central and EMBASE until 06/09/2011. Additional data on parity of study @entity0 in each study group was requested from corresponding authors of included studies by personal contact through email. Studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The Cochrane Revman 5.1 software was used for statistical analysis according to standardised methodology. Risk Ratios with 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: Seven studies met our inclusion criteria [1-7]. These included cross-sectional, case control and observational studies. Six were in English and one was translated internally from French. One study [2] was further excluded because it did not represent a general obstetrical population. Our meta-analysis found no association between PMI and @entity1 in a general obstetric population in @entity3 endemic areas [RR of 1.00, 95% CI of 0.82,1.23]. Furthermore, we did not find that this relationship was modified by parity in two studies [RR (nulliparous) 0.92, 95% CI of 0.26,3.25)]. Events= @entity0 with @entity1 (). CONCLUSION: Although trends and associations have been reported in individual studies, we did not find a significant association between PMI and the risk of @entity1 . There is an apparent need for a large prospective cohort study to be conducted on PMI and the possible association with @entity1 .

title: OS025. XXXX as a risk factor for hypertensivedisorders of pregnancy in @entity3 endemic regions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are a leading cause of maternal mortality in low and middle income countries (LMICs). @entity1 complicates pregnancy in many malarial endemic areas with the greatest burden in sub-saharan Africa. It has been suggested that there is a link between placental @entity2 (PMI) caused by @entity4 and @entity1 . To our knowledge, a systematic review has never been conducted on the relationship between PMI and @entity1 and the modification of that relationship with parity. OBJECTIVES: 1. To critically assess the association between PMI and @entity1 among a general obstetrical population in @entity5 . To evaluate if the relationship between PMI and @entity1 is modified by parity. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review for any study reporting on placental @entity3 and @entity1 . A literature search based on a prospectively prepared protocol was conducted in PubMed Central and EMBASE until 06/09/2011. Additional data on parity of study @entity0 in each study group was requested from corresponding authors of included studies by personal contact through email. Studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The Cochrane Revman 5.1 software was used for statistical analysis according to standardised methodology. Risk Ratios with 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: Seven studies met our inclusion criteria [1-7]. These included cross-sectional, case control and observational studies. Six were in English and one was translated internally from French. One study [2] was further excluded because it did not represent a general obstetrical population. Our meta-analysis found no association between PMI and @entity1 in a general obstetric population in @entity3 endemic areas [RR of 1.00, 95% CI of 0.82,1.23]. Furthermore, we did not find that this relationship was modified by parity in two studies [RR (nulliparous) 0.92, 95% CI of 0.26,3.25)]. Events= @entity0 with @entity1 (). CONCLUSION: Although trends and associations have been reported in individual studies, we did not find a significant association between PMI and the risk of @entity1 . There is an apparent need for a large prospective cohort study to be conducted on PMI and the possible association with @entity1 .

title: OS025. @entity2 as a risk factor for hypertensivedisorders of pregnancy in XXXX endemic regions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The posterior reversible @entity3 syndrome- @entity3 is recognised as the neuro radiologic abnormality in @entity10 and with prompt treatment and delivery is usually reversible. OBJECTIVES: To study neuro radiological and biochemical abnormalities in severe @entity8 and @entity10 and their reversibility following delivery. METHODS: 100 @entity0 with severe @entity8 and @entity10 admitted to High risk unit at Gandhi Hospital, Secunderabad were studied between September 2008 and September 2010. Preeclamptic @entity0 who presented with complications of @entity8 were included. @entity0 with @entity5 in the absence of @entity6 and @entity4 such as @entity11 and known intracranial pathology were excluded . All the @entity0 were investigated for laboratory parameters such as renal function tests, platelet counts, liver function tests, coagulation profile, fundoscopy, in antepartum period and abnormal results were re-evaluated one week after delivery and in cases with persistent abnormal results at one week postpartum were again evaluated at the end of two weeks. Fifty @entity0 with @entity10 among the study group underwent MR imaging of brain before delivery and thirty of these @entity0 who showed @entity3 underwent MR imaging postpartum. The different types images used are (i) T1 weighted image (ii) T2 weighted image - highly sensitive (iii) Flair image (iv) Diffusion Weighted image (DW) with Apparent Diffusion Co-efficient (ADC). MRI studies were performed in axial, coronal and sagittal axes in varying thickness of 5-10mm. The machine used was 1.5 Tesla Aves Siemens. The biochemical parameters and results of neuro imaging were studied antepartum and postpartum. RESULTS: Thirty six out of 50 @entity0 showed abnormal MRI findings. In 30 @entity0 (83%) findings were consistent with @entity3 . 3 cases (8%) showed @entity7 , 1 case showed CSVT , 1 @entity9 and 1 showed @entity2 undiagnosed in antenatal period . Out of 30 cases of @entity3 , 18(77%) cases showed reversal within 1 week postpartum, and 9(33%) cases within 2 weeks postpartum. 80-90% of the abnormal laboratory parameters reversed to normal within 1 week post partum. Abnormal persistent parameters reversed to normal in all cases at the end of 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a new clinico radiological entity resulting from vasogenic @entity1 in almost all cases of @entity10 but rare with @entity8 . In @entity10 may be considered as clinical manifestation of @entity3 . Though MRI brain is a valuable diagnostic tool in evaluation of @entity10 it is expensive, and less available. Repeat MRI investigations may not be necessary, as almost all cases of @entity3 are reversible. MRI brain in cases of @entity10 also help to identify rare pathologies in the brain other than @entity3 , wrongly attributed to @entity10 Though @entity8 and @entity10 are reversible, duration required for reversal is 1-2week period, during which period pathology is resolving but not recovered completely and complications can still occur. Hence, close observation is required in the first 1-2week postpartum.

title: OS026. Study of neuroradiological and biochemical abnormalities in 100 @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The posterior reversible @entity3 syndrome- @entity3 is recognised as the neuro radiologic abnormality in @entity10 and with prompt treatment and delivery is usually reversible. OBJECTIVES: To study neuro radiological and biochemical abnormalities in severe @entity8 and @entity10 and their reversibility following delivery. METHODS: 100 @entity0 with severe @entity8 and @entity10 admitted to High risk unit at Gandhi Hospital, Secunderabad were studied between September 2008 and September 2010. Preeclamptic @entity0 who presented with complications of @entity8 were included. @entity0 with @entity5 in the absence of @entity6 and @entity4 such as @entity11 and known intracranial pathology were excluded . All the @entity0 were investigated for laboratory parameters such as renal function tests, platelet counts, liver function tests, coagulation profile, fundoscopy, in antepartum period and abnormal results were re-evaluated one week after delivery and in cases with persistent abnormal results at one week postpartum were again evaluated at the end of two weeks. Fifty @entity0 with @entity10 among the study group underwent MR imaging of brain before delivery and thirty of these @entity0 who showed @entity3 underwent MR imaging postpartum. The different types images used are (i) T1 weighted image (ii) T2 weighted image - highly sensitive (iii) Flair image (iv) Diffusion Weighted image (DW) with Apparent Diffusion Co-efficient (ADC). MRI studies were performed in axial, coronal and sagittal axes in varying thickness of 5-10mm. The machine used was 1.5 Tesla Aves Siemens. The biochemical parameters and results of neuro imaging were studied antepartum and postpartum. RESULTS: Thirty six out of 50 @entity0 showed abnormal MRI findings. In 30 @entity0 (83%) findings were consistent with @entity3 . 3 cases (8%) showed @entity7 , 1 case showed CSVT , 1 @entity9 and 1 showed @entity2 undiagnosed in antenatal period . Out of 30 cases of @entity3 , 18(77%) cases showed reversal within 1 week postpartum, and 9(33%) cases within 2 weeks postpartum. 80-90% of the abnormal laboratory parameters reversed to normal within 1 week post partum. Abnormal persistent parameters reversed to normal in all cases at the end of 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a new clinico radiological entity resulting from vasogenic @entity1 in almost all cases of @entity10 but rare with @entity8 . In @entity10 may be considered as clinical manifestation of @entity3 . Though MRI brain is a valuable diagnostic tool in evaluation of @entity10 it is expensive, and less available. Repeat MRI investigations may not be necessary, as almost all cases of @entity3 are reversible. MRI brain in cases of @entity10 also help to identify rare pathologies in the brain other than @entity3 , wrongly attributed to @entity10 Though @entity8 and @entity10 are reversible, duration required for reversal is 1-2week period, during which period pathology is resolving but not recovered completely and complications can still occur. Hence, close observation is required in the first 1-2week postpartum.

title: OS026. Study of neuroradiological and biochemical abnormalities in 100 XXXX with @entity8 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: One key objective of life span research is to examine how individual development is shaped by the historical time @entity0 live in. Secular trends favoring later-born cohorts on fluid cognitive abilities have been widely documented, but findings are mixed for well-being. It remains an open question whether secular increases in well-being seen in earlier phases of life also manifest in the last years of life. To examine this possibility, we made use of longitudinal data obtained from the mid-1980s until the late 2000s in 2 large national samples in the United States (Health and Retirement Study [HRS]) and Germany (German Socio-Economic Panel [SOEP]). We operationally defined historical time from 2 complementary perspectives: birth-year cohorts based on the years in which @entity0 were born (earlier: 1930s vs. later: 1940s) and @entity1 -year cohorts based on the years in which @entity0 died (earlier: 1990s vs. later: 2000s). To control for relevant covariates, we used case-matched groups based on age (at @entity1 ) and education and covaried for gender, health, and number of observations. Results from both countries revealed that well-being in old age was indeed developing at higher levels among later-born cohorts. However, for later-deceased cohorts, no evidence for secular increases in well-being was found. To the contrary, later-dying SOEP @entity0 reported lower levels of well-being at age 75 and 2 years prior to @entity1 and experienced steeper late-life declines. Our results suggest that secular increases in well-being observed in old age do not manifest in late life, where "manufactured" survival may be exacerbating age- and mortality-related declines.

title: Historical improvements in well-being do not hold in late life: Birth- and XXXX -year cohorts in the United States and Germany.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 are uncommon primary @entity1 associated with high level of recurrence and low life expectancy. Through three institutions experience, we analysed the clinical characteristics of @entity0 with @entity1 to determine their outcome and identify prognostic factors that may influence recurrence and survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective search identified 62 cases of WHO grade III @entity2 , of whom 9 (14.5%) were not considered in the survival analysis as no follow-up data were available. Thirty @entity0 (48.4%) had a previous history of non- @entity1 surgery. The @entity0 underwent a total of 139 surgical resections and 42 courses of radiotherapy of which 27 were given after the WHO grade @entity2 diagnosis. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity0 (29.5%) were re-operated for a relapse of their @entity2 . Median time between the first and the second surgery was 1.3 years. Median overall survival time was 3.5 years. Overall survival probabilities at 1, 2 and 5 years were 74.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI) [63.8, 87.1], 58.7%, 95% CI [46.4, 74.3] and 37.7%, 95% CI [25, 56.8], respectively. Extent of resection was associated with the survival. DISCUSSION: This retrospective series highlights the poor prognosis associated with the diagnosis of @entity1 . Complete or subtotal resection may prolong the @entity0 ' survival. We could not confirm the usefulness of postoperative radiotherapy.

title: World Health Organization grade III XXXX . A retrospective study for outcome and prognostic factors assessment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The effect of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) on @entity0 electroencephalography (EEG) was studied using nonlinear dynamics analysis to investigate changes in brain complexity. METHODS: We propose a @entity7 ( @entity7 ) measure to quantify the complexity of spatial linear modes in multichannel EEGs. Nine @entity0 with complex partial @entity2 who had not previously been exposed to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were included in this study. Eighteen-channel EEG data were collected before and after @entity6 therapy. Changes in brain complexity were examined using the proposed @entity7 measure, which reflects brain complexity. Fifteen normal, healthy subjects were included as a control group. To compare @entity7 with spectral analysis, we performed spectral analysis within the conventional frequency bands. RESULTS: Spectral analysis showed that the @entity0 group had decreased relative power of the alpha2 band in the T7, P3, O1 and C4 leads before @entity6 treatment and an increased relative theta power in the O1 lead relative to the control group. However, no significant changes occurred in any lead at any frequency band after @entity6 treatment. The mean @entity7 value was significantly lower in the @entity0 group before treatment than in the control group (p = 0.026). The average @entity7 value for all @entity0 increased after treatment and neared that of the control group, although statistical significance was not attained (p = 0.074). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity1 @entity0 have @entity4 that are demonstrated by reduced brain complexity, and that @entity6 partially reverses this trend. Nonlinear analysis of EEG data may be useful in evaluating the effect of @entity3 .

title: Changes in brain complexity during valproate treatment in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The effect of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) on @entity0 electroencephalography (EEG) was studied using nonlinear dynamics analysis to investigate changes in brain complexity. METHODS: We propose a @entity7 ( @entity7 ) measure to quantify the complexity of spatial linear modes in multichannel EEGs. Nine @entity0 with complex partial @entity2 who had not previously been exposed to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were included in this study. Eighteen-channel EEG data were collected before and after @entity6 therapy. Changes in brain complexity were examined using the proposed @entity7 measure, which reflects brain complexity. Fifteen normal, healthy subjects were included as a control group. To compare @entity7 with spectral analysis, we performed spectral analysis within the conventional frequency bands. RESULTS: Spectral analysis showed that the @entity0 group had decreased relative power of the alpha2 band in the T7, P3, O1 and C4 leads before @entity6 treatment and an increased relative theta power in the O1 lead relative to the control group. However, no significant changes occurred in any lead at any frequency band after @entity6 treatment. The mean @entity7 value was significantly lower in the @entity0 group before treatment than in the control group (p = 0.026). The average @entity7 value for all @entity0 increased after treatment and neared that of the control group, although statistical significance was not attained (p = 0.074). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity1 @entity0 have @entity4 that are demonstrated by reduced brain complexity, and that @entity6 partially reverses this trend. Nonlinear analysis of EEG data may be useful in evaluating the effect of @entity3 .

title: Changes in brain complexity during valproate treatment in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A large and growing body of research demonstrates the impact of @entity3 . However, the typical study approach tests the effects of a single biological or psychological factor on changes in working memory. The current study attempted to move beyond the standard single-factor assessment by examining the impact of 2 possible factors in stress-related working @entity3 . To this end, 60 @entity0 completed a working memory task before and after either a psychological stressor writing task or a control writing task and completed measures of both @entity2 and mind wandering. We also included a measure of state anxiety to examine the direct and indirect effect on working memory. We found that mind wandering mediated the relationship between state @entity3 at the baseline measurement. This indirect relationship was moderated by @entity2 , such that the impact of mind wandering on working memory increased as @entity2 levels increased. No @entity1 was observed following the stress manipulation, but increases in state anxiety and mind wandering were observed. State anxiety and mind wandering independently mediated the relationship between change in working memory and threat perception. The indirect paths resulted in opposing effects on working memory. Combined, the findings from this study suggest that @entity2 enhances the impact of mind wandering on working memory, that state anxiety may not always result in stress-related working @entity3 , and that high working memory performance can protect against mind wandering. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Examining factors involved in stress-related working XXXX : Independent or conditional effects?

answer: @entity3


abstract: Forty-five @entity0 who were referred for surgical resection of large @entity6 after index colonoscopy were considered for endoscopic polypectomy. Eighteen of these @entity0 were ultimately referred for surgery. Twenty-five @entity0 with 25 large @entity5 underwent endoscopic polypectomy; there were 9 females and 16 males with a mean age of 69 years. Among the polypectomy @entity0 , polyp size was 3.0-6.0 cm, found mostly in the left colon. There were 21 pedunculated and 4 sessile @entity5 . Follow-up was carried out for a mean of 48 months (range, 12-171 months). Polypectomy was possible on a single attempt in 12 (48%) cases and in 13 (52%) cases by a piecemeal technique. Pathological examination revealed @entity1 in 11 (44%), @entity7 in 11 (44%), and inflammatory, hyperplastic and harmartoma in 1 @entity0 each. Complications included @entity4 in 3 (12%) @entity0 and @entity3 and fever in 1 (4%). All complications were successfully treated conservatively without sequellae. Two @entity0 were referred for surgery, 1 with invasion of the base of the polyp and 1 because of a synchronous malignant polyp. During follow-up, 8 metachronous @entity5 were detected. In 1 of these, a @entity2 was found and treated with endoscopic polypectomy. In conclusion, endoscopic polypectomy of large @entity5 is safe and can defer surgical treatment. Regular follow-up is required. Endoscopic polypectomy of large @entity5 should be considered before referral for surgical treatment.

title: Colonoscopic resection of large XXXX --a prospective study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is estimated that Chilean geriatric population (=65 years) will hit 16% in the year 2030. Psychiatric longer stays have been described for those equal 65 years vs. less than 65 years. We aim to describe the characteristics associated with lengths of stay in our @entity1 unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 3112 admissions between July 2001 and June 2010 to the general @entity1 service of the Pontific Catholic University of Chile. RESULTS: 5.1% (n=132) of the sample was geriatric @entity0 . The average length of stay for this group was 12.4 days (p=0.41). Both the geriatric and non-geriatric population presented a high prevalence of @entity7 (63.7% and 55.1%, respectively). In the geriatric group, there was a higher presence of @entity3 (27.3 vs. 19.5%; p less than 0.05) and @entity4 (16.7% vs. 0.5%). In contrast, for = 65 years, there was significantly less prevalence of adaptive and @entity2 (3% vs. 13%; p less than 0.01). There was just one case of @entity6 and no cases of @entity5 in the geriatric group. There were no differences in the lengths of stay according to diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find longer stay times, in general or associated with specific diagnoses, in geriatric @entity0 versus non-geriatric @entity0 .

title: [Geriatric vs. non-geriatric XXXX hospitalization to the @entity1 services of a general hospital in Chile].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is estimated that Chilean geriatric population (=65 years) will hit 16% in the year 2030. Psychiatric longer stays have been described for those equal 65 years vs. less than 65 years. We aim to describe the characteristics associated with lengths of stay in our @entity1 unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 3112 admissions between July 2001 and June 2010 to the general @entity1 service of the Pontific Catholic University of Chile. RESULTS: 5.1% (n=132) of the sample was geriatric @entity0 . The average length of stay for this group was 12.4 days (p=0.41). Both the geriatric and non-geriatric population presented a high prevalence of @entity7 (63.7% and 55.1%, respectively). In the geriatric group, there was a higher presence of @entity3 (27.3 vs. 19.5%; p less than 0.05) and @entity4 (16.7% vs. 0.5%). In contrast, for = 65 years, there was significantly less prevalence of adaptive and @entity2 (3% vs. 13%; p less than 0.01). There was just one case of @entity6 and no cases of @entity5 in the geriatric group. There were no differences in the lengths of stay according to diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find longer stay times, in general or associated with specific diagnoses, in geriatric @entity0 versus non-geriatric @entity0 .

title: [Geriatric vs. non-geriatric @entity1 hospitalization to the XXXX services of a general hospital in Chile].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The evidence concerning the cost-effectiveness of @entity5 *28 genotyping is ambiguous and does not allow drawing valid conclusions for Germany. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of @entity5 genotyping in @entity0 with metastatic @entity1 undergoing @entity4 -based chemotherapy compared to no testing from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A decision-analytic Markov model with a life time horizon was developed. No testing was compared to two genotype-dependent therapy strategies: 1) dose reduction by 25%; and 2) administration of a prophylactic G-CSF growth factor analog for homozygous and heterozygous @entity0 . Probability, quality of life and cost parameters used in this study were based on published literature. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to account for parameter uncertainties. RESULTS: Strategy 1 dominated all remaining strategies. Compared to no testing, it resulted in only marginal QALY increases (0.0002) but a cost reduction of    580 per @entity0 . Strategy 2 resulted in the same health gains but increased costs by    10 773. In the probabilistic analysis, genotyping and dose reduction was the optimal strategy in approximately 100% of simulations at a threshold of    50 000 per QALY. Deterministic sensitivity analysis shows that uncertainty for this strategy originated primarily from costs for @entity4 -based chemotherapy, from the prevalence of @entity3 among heterozygous @entity0 , and from whether dose reduction is applied to both homozygotes and heterozygotes or only to the former. CONCLUSION: This model-based synthesis of the most recent evidence suggests that pharmacogenetic @entity5 testing prior to @entity4 -based chemotherapy dominates non-personalized @entity2 care in Germany. However, as structural uncertainty remains high, these results require validation in clinical practice, e.g. based on a managed-entry agreement.

title: The cost-effectiveness of XXXX genotyping before @entity1 treatment with @entity4 from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The evidence concerning the cost-effectiveness of @entity5 *28 genotyping is ambiguous and does not allow drawing valid conclusions for Germany. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of @entity5 genotyping in @entity0 with metastatic @entity1 undergoing @entity4 -based chemotherapy compared to no testing from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A decision-analytic Markov model with a life time horizon was developed. No testing was compared to two genotype-dependent therapy strategies: 1) dose reduction by 25%; and 2) administration of a prophylactic G-CSF growth factor analog for homozygous and heterozygous @entity0 . Probability, quality of life and cost parameters used in this study were based on published literature. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to account for parameter uncertainties. RESULTS: Strategy 1 dominated all remaining strategies. Compared to no testing, it resulted in only marginal QALY increases (0.0002) but a cost reduction of    580 per @entity0 . Strategy 2 resulted in the same health gains but increased costs by    10 773. In the probabilistic analysis, genotyping and dose reduction was the optimal strategy in approximately 100% of simulations at a threshold of    50 000 per QALY. Deterministic sensitivity analysis shows that uncertainty for this strategy originated primarily from costs for @entity4 -based chemotherapy, from the prevalence of @entity3 among heterozygous @entity0 , and from whether dose reduction is applied to both homozygotes and heterozygotes or only to the former. CONCLUSION: This model-based synthesis of the most recent evidence suggests that pharmacogenetic @entity5 testing prior to @entity4 -based chemotherapy dominates non-personalized @entity2 care in Germany. However, as structural uncertainty remains high, these results require validation in clinical practice, e.g. based on a managed-entry agreement.

title: The cost-effectiveness of @entity5 genotyping before XXXX treatment with @entity4 from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The evidence concerning the cost-effectiveness of @entity5 *28 genotyping is ambiguous and does not allow drawing valid conclusions for Germany. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of @entity5 genotyping in @entity0 with metastatic @entity1 undergoing @entity4 -based chemotherapy compared to no testing from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A decision-analytic Markov model with a life time horizon was developed. No testing was compared to two genotype-dependent therapy strategies: 1) dose reduction by 25%; and 2) administration of a prophylactic G-CSF growth factor analog for homozygous and heterozygous @entity0 . Probability, quality of life and cost parameters used in this study were based on published literature. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to account for parameter uncertainties. RESULTS: Strategy 1 dominated all remaining strategies. Compared to no testing, it resulted in only marginal QALY increases (0.0002) but a cost reduction of    580 per @entity0 . Strategy 2 resulted in the same health gains but increased costs by    10 773. In the probabilistic analysis, genotyping and dose reduction was the optimal strategy in approximately 100% of simulations at a threshold of    50 000 per QALY. Deterministic sensitivity analysis shows that uncertainty for this strategy originated primarily from costs for @entity4 -based chemotherapy, from the prevalence of @entity3 among heterozygous @entity0 , and from whether dose reduction is applied to both homozygotes and heterozygotes or only to the former. CONCLUSION: This model-based synthesis of the most recent evidence suggests that pharmacogenetic @entity5 testing prior to @entity4 -based chemotherapy dominates non-personalized @entity2 care in Germany. However, as structural uncertainty remains high, these results require validation in clinical practice, e.g. based on a managed-entry agreement.

title: The cost-effectiveness of @entity5 genotyping before @entity1 treatment with XXXX from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the acute circulatory effects of an open @entity3 and the circulatory effects of different fluid resuscitation strategies after such a @entity3 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled laboratory study. SETTING: Medical Research Council laboratory, university medical school. SUBJECTS: Four groups of ten immature female Large-White @entity7 (16.5-27.0 kg): those receiving limited resuscitation, moderate resuscitation, and normal resuscitation, as well as surgical controls. INTERVENTIONS: After induction and intubation with 3% @entity6 , anesthesia was maintained with intravenous Saffan. Cannulae were placed in the left external jugular vein and both axillary arteries. A pulmonary artery flotation catheter was introduced through the jugular cannula. The left femur was exposed for @entity3 with a captive bolt. Resuscitation was with 0.9% saline; the moderate resuscitation group received less than the normal resuscitation group (840 +/- 67 mL vs. 1873 +/- 96 mL), whereas the surgical control and limited resuscitation groups received the lowest volumes (466 +/- 10 mL and 452 +/- 19 mL, respectively). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Measurements/calculations of global hemodynamics (intravascular pressures, e.g., mean arterial pressure, heart rate, @entity1 volume index, cardiac output/index, left @entity1 work index, and systemic vascular resistance index), metabolism ( @entity0 delivery index and consumption index, @entity0 extraction ratio, plasma @entity5 , @entity8 ), blood gases, pH, and hematocrit were made before @entity3 , immediately and 30 mins after @entity3 , and at 30-min intervals for the next 4 hrs. Hind-limb muscle water content was determined by dessication. @entity3 led to acute reductions in cardiac output/index, @entity1 volume index, and @entity0 delivery index and increases in systemic vascular resistance index and @entity0 extraction ratio. In the absence of fluid resuscitation, these changes persisted and were accompanied by @entity4 . Normal resuscitation attenuated the @entity3 -induced changes such that the only differences during resuscitation between limited resuscitation and normal resuscitation were a reduction in hematocrit in the latter and an increase in @entity0 extraction ratio in the former. Water content increased in both injured and uninjured muscle. CONCLUSIONS: The cardiovascular and metabolic changes associated with femur @entity3 in the anesthetized @entity7 can be reversed or prevented by crystalloids given in a volume equivalent to Advanced @entity2 Life Support guidelines.

title: Hemodynamic responses to fluid resuscitation after XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of molecular changes observed by varied conventional methods, including loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 3, have been associated with primary @entity1 . To further define the locus of chromosome 3p allele loss in @entity1 , we performed LOH study by using innovative laser capture microdissection and WAVE DNA Fragment Analysis. MATERIAL/METHODS: Thirty-eight paired specimens from @entity0 with @entity5 were used for this study. Formalin-fixed, @entity4 -embedded tissue from normal stromal cells or lymphocytes and @entity3 were collected using laser capture microdissection. DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR using six polymorphic DNA markers for chromosome 3. PCR products were analyzed by both gel electrophoresis and WAVE DNA Fragment Analysis. RESULTS: LOH at 3p22-24 was found in @entity2 cells from twelve out of thirty-eight @entity0 (32%) when analyzed by WAVE DNA Fragment Analysis and LOH was found in @entity2 cells from nine out of thirty-eight @entity0 (23%) when analyzed by gel electrophoresis. LOH was found in normal control from one out of thirty-eight @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: 1. Our results suggest putative @entity2 suppressor gene(s) is present in a region at 3p22-24, which may play a role in @entity1 . 2. Laser capture microdissection is essential tool for defined LOH studies. 3. WAVE DNA Fragment Analysis is an accurate, sensitive and automated tool for analysis of DNA fragments.

title: Loss of heterozygosity in primary XXXX using laser capture microdissection and WAVE DNA fragment analysis techniques.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction A high influx of @entity0 during a @entity2 ( @entity2 ) may disrupt @entity0 flow in an already overcrowded @entity1 ( @entity1 ) that is functioning beyond its operating capacity. This pilot study examined the impact of a two-step @entity1 triage model using Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) for pre-triage, followed by triage with the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS), on @entity0 flow during a @entity2 simulation exercise. Hypothesis/Problem It was hypothesized that there would be no difference in time intervals nor @entity0 volumes at each @entity0 -flow milestone. METHODS: Physicians and nurses participated in a computer-based tabletop disaster simulation exercise. Physicians were randomized into the intervention group using START, then CTAS, or the control group using START alone. @entity0 -flow milestones including time intervals and @entity0 volumes from @entity1 arrival to triage, @entity1 arrival to bed assignment, @entity1 arrival to physician assessment, and @entity1 arrival to disposition decision were compared. Triage accuracy was compared for secondary purposes. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the time interval from @entity1 arrival to triage (mean difference 108 seconds; 95% CI, -353 to 596 seconds; P=1.0), @entity1 arrival to bed assignment (mean difference 362 seconds; 95% CI, -1,269 to 545 seconds; P=1.0), @entity1 arrival to physician assessment (mean difference 31 seconds; 95% CI, -1,104 to 348 seconds; P=0.92), and @entity1 arrival to disposition decision (mean difference 175 seconds; 95% CI, -1,650 to 1,300 seconds; P=1.0) between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the volume of @entity0 to be triaged (32% vs 34%; 95% CI for the difference -16% to 21%; P=1.0), assigned a bed (16% vs 21%; 95% CI for the difference -11% to 20%; P=1.0), assessed by a physician (20% vs 22%; 95% CI for the difference -14% to 19%; P=1.0), and with a disposition decision (20% vs 9%; 95% CI for the difference -25% to 4%; P=.34) between the two groups. The accuracy of triage was similar in both groups (57% vs 70%; 95% CI for the difference -15% to 41%; P=.46). CONCLUSION: Experienced triage nurses were able to apply CTAS effectively during a @entity2 simulation exercise. A two-step @entity1 triage model using START, then CTAS, had similar @entity0 flow and triage accuracy when compared to START alone. Lee JS , Franc JM . Impact of a two-step @entity1 triage model with START, then CTAS, on @entity0 flow during a simulated @entity2 . Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(4):1-7.

title: Impact of a Two-step Emergency Department Triage Model with START, then CTAS, on XXXX Flow During a Simulated Mass-casualty Incident.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast and @entity3 continue to claim the lives of @entity1 . Early detection modalities for these @entity3 are available; however, utilization rates are far from optimal. Studies have documented the motivating effect that physician recommendations have on compliance with preventive health behaviors. The goal of this study was to develop and implement strategies to improve the use of cervical and @entity0 screening among African-American @entity1 age 40 and older who resided in low-income housing communities. METHODS: Baseline surveys among clinic providers and a random sample of @entity1 in the target population indicated areas to be included in intervention material. Community health center-based strategies included educational interventions for providers and @entity1 , follow-up interventions for abnormal screening tests, and the implementation of a computer tracking system. Pap smear and mammogram utilization rates at the health center were tracked throughout the project period to assess the effect of the clinic-based interventions. RESULTS: Both Pap smear and mammography rates increased over time. Fifteen cases of @entity0 and 1 case of @entity2 have been detected. Compliance rates for follow-up for cervical @entity4 have increased from 50 to 90%. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that clinic-based interventions can improve the use of breast and @entity3 screening and follow-up among low-income @entity1 .

title: Clinic-based interventions to promote breast and XXXX screening.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Resection arthroplasty of the metacarpophangeal joints stabilized by a Swanson-Silastic-spacer is the golden standard in MP-joint destruction in R.A. 57 (Gr. I), 91 (Gr. II), and 102 (Gr. III) arthroplasties of the metacarpophalangeal joint were assessed in three groups of @entity0 3.5 years (Gr. I), 4.3 years (Gr. II), and 10.1 years (Gr. III), respectively, postoperatively on the average. In @entity0 of group I @entity2 protectors, called grommets, were used additionally. Nearly all @entity0 reported a marked relief of @entity1 . Ulnar drift was corrected from an average of 22 degrees (Gr. I), 23 degrees (Gr. II), and 34 degrees (Gr. III) preoperatively. to 8 degrees (Gr. I), 7 degrees (Gr. II), and 12 degrees (Gr. III), respectively, postoperatively. Active range of motion remains unchanged with an average of 33 degrees (Gr. I), 38 degrees (Gr. II), and 42 degrees (Gr. III) ROM preoperatively and 42 degrees (Gr. I), 37 degrees (Gr. II), and 36 degrees (Gr. III) ROM, respectively, postoperatively. The average extension deficit had improved from 45 degrees (Gr. I), 32 degrees (Gr. II), and 33 degrees (Gr. III) at surgery to 18 degrees (Gr. I), 11 degrees (Gr. II), and 11 degrees (Gr. III), respectively, at the time of follow-up. Functional improvement of the hand was found in the medium term in 82% and in the longterm in 75% of the @entity0 . The radiographical findings showed surrounding osteolysis in 45.7% (Gr. I), 63.5% (Gr. II), and 89.4% (Gr. III) of the implants and 0% (Gr. I), 16.5% (Gr. II), and 26.9% (Gr. III) broken spacers. From the medium to the longterm run there is an increase in radiographical deterioration. The additional use of @entity2 grommets in @entity3 seems to reduce reactive osteolysis and protects Swanson Silastic-spacers from breakage without substantial influence on the clinical outcome.

title: [Therapy of rheumatoid destruction of the middle finger metacarpophalangeal joint with a Swanson silastic implant stabilized resection arthroplasty: comparative study of long and intermediate term results with and without implantation of XXXX grommets].

answer: @entity2


abstract: A @entity1 model for binge drinking has been developed in this laboratory, and several aspects of this model have been characterized. Many of the immunosuppressive effects of @entity3 ( @entity2 ) in this model seem to be mediated by activation of the @entity5 and consequent increases in the concentration of glucocorticoids, @entity6 , and perhaps other immunosuppressive mediators. The purpose of the work described here is to examine three important issues regarding the @entity2 -induced neuroendocrine response in this model: 1) Are @entity8 -sensitive @entity4 type A ( @entity4 -A) receptors involved in activation of the @entity5 by @entity2 ? 2) Does daily administration of @entity2 produce tolerance with regard to activation of the @entity5 or with regard to suppression of natural killer cell activity? 3) Is the @entity5 activated by similar blood @entity2 concentrations in @entity0 and in the @entity1 model? @entity8 , a partial inverse agonist of @entity4 -A receptors, did not affect @entity2 -induced increases in blood @entity7 levels. This suggests that @entity8 -sensitive @entity4 -A receptors are not involved in @entity2 -induced activation of the @entity5 and that inhibition of @entity7 production is not the mechanism by which @entity8 blocks @entity2 -induced immunosuppression. To evaluate tolerance, @entity1 were given a daily dose of @entity2 (6.5 g/kg by gavage) or vehicle (water) for 10 days. Control groups received vehicle or @entity2 only on the last day of the experiment. At the optimum time after @entity2 administration serum @entity7 and splenic NK cell activity were measured. The results indicate no significant alterations in the response to @entity2 of @entity1 exposed to @entity2 for 10 days compared to those exposed only once. To compare the @entity5 response of @entity1 and @entity0 , lower @entity2 dosages than generally used in our model were administered to @entity1 , and the @entity7 response was compared to published data for @entity0 who had similar ranges of blood @entity2 levels. The results suggest that @entity0 and @entity1 exhibit activation of the @entity5 only when blood @entity2 levels exceed approximately 0.14%. Together these results further characterize a @entity1 model for binge drinking that seems to provide a reasonable representation of many aspects of binge drinking in @entity0 .

title: @entity3 -induced activation of the @entity5 in a @entity1 model for binge drinking: role of XXXX -sensitive gamma aminobutyric acid receptors, tolerance, and relevance to @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: A @entity1 model for binge drinking has been developed in this laboratory, and several aspects of this model have been characterized. Many of the immunosuppressive effects of @entity3 ( @entity2 ) in this model seem to be mediated by activation of the @entity5 and consequent increases in the concentration of glucocorticoids, @entity6 , and perhaps other immunosuppressive mediators. The purpose of the work described here is to examine three important issues regarding the @entity2 -induced neuroendocrine response in this model: 1) Are @entity8 -sensitive @entity4 type A ( @entity4 -A) receptors involved in activation of the @entity5 by @entity2 ? 2) Does daily administration of @entity2 produce tolerance with regard to activation of the @entity5 or with regard to suppression of natural killer cell activity? 3) Is the @entity5 activated by similar blood @entity2 concentrations in @entity0 and in the @entity1 model? @entity8 , a partial inverse agonist of @entity4 -A receptors, did not affect @entity2 -induced increases in blood @entity7 levels. This suggests that @entity8 -sensitive @entity4 -A receptors are not involved in @entity2 -induced activation of the @entity5 and that inhibition of @entity7 production is not the mechanism by which @entity8 blocks @entity2 -induced immunosuppression. To evaluate tolerance, @entity1 were given a daily dose of @entity2 (6.5 g/kg by gavage) or vehicle (water) for 10 days. Control groups received vehicle or @entity2 only on the last day of the experiment. At the optimum time after @entity2 administration serum @entity7 and splenic NK cell activity were measured. The results indicate no significant alterations in the response to @entity2 of @entity1 exposed to @entity2 for 10 days compared to those exposed only once. To compare the @entity5 response of @entity1 and @entity0 , lower @entity2 dosages than generally used in our model were administered to @entity1 , and the @entity7 response was compared to published data for @entity0 who had similar ranges of blood @entity2 levels. The results suggest that @entity0 and @entity1 exhibit activation of the @entity5 only when blood @entity2 levels exceed approximately 0.14%. Together these results further characterize a @entity1 model for binge drinking that seems to provide a reasonable representation of many aspects of binge drinking in @entity0 .

title: XXXX -induced activation of the @entity5 in a @entity1 model for binge drinking: role of @entity8 -sensitive gamma aminobutyric acid receptors, tolerance, and relevance to @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A @entity1 model for binge drinking has been developed in this laboratory, and several aspects of this model have been characterized. Many of the immunosuppressive effects of @entity3 ( @entity2 ) in this model seem to be mediated by activation of the @entity5 and consequent increases in the concentration of glucocorticoids, @entity6 , and perhaps other immunosuppressive mediators. The purpose of the work described here is to examine three important issues regarding the @entity2 -induced neuroendocrine response in this model: 1) Are @entity8 -sensitive @entity4 type A ( @entity4 -A) receptors involved in activation of the @entity5 by @entity2 ? 2) Does daily administration of @entity2 produce tolerance with regard to activation of the @entity5 or with regard to suppression of natural killer cell activity? 3) Is the @entity5 activated by similar blood @entity2 concentrations in @entity0 and in the @entity1 model? @entity8 , a partial inverse agonist of @entity4 -A receptors, did not affect @entity2 -induced increases in blood @entity7 levels. This suggests that @entity8 -sensitive @entity4 -A receptors are not involved in @entity2 -induced activation of the @entity5 and that inhibition of @entity7 production is not the mechanism by which @entity8 blocks @entity2 -induced immunosuppression. To evaluate tolerance, @entity1 were given a daily dose of @entity2 (6.5 g/kg by gavage) or vehicle (water) for 10 days. Control groups received vehicle or @entity2 only on the last day of the experiment. At the optimum time after @entity2 administration serum @entity7 and splenic NK cell activity were measured. The results indicate no significant alterations in the response to @entity2 of @entity1 exposed to @entity2 for 10 days compared to those exposed only once. To compare the @entity5 response of @entity1 and @entity0 , lower @entity2 dosages than generally used in our model were administered to @entity1 , and the @entity7 response was compared to published data for @entity0 who had similar ranges of blood @entity2 levels. The results suggest that @entity0 and @entity1 exhibit activation of the @entity5 only when blood @entity2 levels exceed approximately 0.14%. Together these results further characterize a @entity1 model for binge drinking that seems to provide a reasonable representation of many aspects of binge drinking in @entity0 .

title: @entity3 -induced activation of the @entity5 in a XXXX model for binge drinking: role of @entity8 -sensitive gamma aminobutyric acid receptors, tolerance, and relevance to @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A @entity1 model for binge drinking has been developed in this laboratory, and several aspects of this model have been characterized. Many of the immunosuppressive effects of @entity3 ( @entity2 ) in this model seem to be mediated by activation of the @entity5 and consequent increases in the concentration of glucocorticoids, @entity6 , and perhaps other immunosuppressive mediators. The purpose of the work described here is to examine three important issues regarding the @entity2 -induced neuroendocrine response in this model: 1) Are @entity8 -sensitive @entity4 type A ( @entity4 -A) receptors involved in activation of the @entity5 by @entity2 ? 2) Does daily administration of @entity2 produce tolerance with regard to activation of the @entity5 or with regard to suppression of natural killer cell activity? 3) Is the @entity5 activated by similar blood @entity2 concentrations in @entity0 and in the @entity1 model? @entity8 , a partial inverse agonist of @entity4 -A receptors, did not affect @entity2 -induced increases in blood @entity7 levels. This suggests that @entity8 -sensitive @entity4 -A receptors are not involved in @entity2 -induced activation of the @entity5 and that inhibition of @entity7 production is not the mechanism by which @entity8 blocks @entity2 -induced immunosuppression. To evaluate tolerance, @entity1 were given a daily dose of @entity2 (6.5 g/kg by gavage) or vehicle (water) for 10 days. Control groups received vehicle or @entity2 only on the last day of the experiment. At the optimum time after @entity2 administration serum @entity7 and splenic NK cell activity were measured. The results indicate no significant alterations in the response to @entity2 of @entity1 exposed to @entity2 for 10 days compared to those exposed only once. To compare the @entity5 response of @entity1 and @entity0 , lower @entity2 dosages than generally used in our model were administered to @entity1 , and the @entity7 response was compared to published data for @entity0 who had similar ranges of blood @entity2 levels. The results suggest that @entity0 and @entity1 exhibit activation of the @entity5 only when blood @entity2 levels exceed approximately 0.14%. Together these results further characterize a @entity1 model for binge drinking that seems to provide a reasonable representation of many aspects of binge drinking in @entity0 .

title: @entity3 -induced activation of the XXXX in a @entity1 model for binge drinking: role of @entity8 -sensitive gamma aminobutyric acid receptors, tolerance, and relevance to @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A @entity1 model for binge drinking has been developed in this laboratory, and several aspects of this model have been characterized. Many of the immunosuppressive effects of @entity3 ( @entity2 ) in this model seem to be mediated by activation of the @entity5 and consequent increases in the concentration of glucocorticoids, @entity6 , and perhaps other immunosuppressive mediators. The purpose of the work described here is to examine three important issues regarding the @entity2 -induced neuroendocrine response in this model: 1) Are @entity8 -sensitive @entity4 type A ( @entity4 -A) receptors involved in activation of the @entity5 by @entity2 ? 2) Does daily administration of @entity2 produce tolerance with regard to activation of the @entity5 or with regard to suppression of natural killer cell activity? 3) Is the @entity5 activated by similar blood @entity2 concentrations in @entity0 and in the @entity1 model? @entity8 , a partial inverse agonist of @entity4 -A receptors, did not affect @entity2 -induced increases in blood @entity7 levels. This suggests that @entity8 -sensitive @entity4 -A receptors are not involved in @entity2 -induced activation of the @entity5 and that inhibition of @entity7 production is not the mechanism by which @entity8 blocks @entity2 -induced immunosuppression. To evaluate tolerance, @entity1 were given a daily dose of @entity2 (6.5 g/kg by gavage) or vehicle (water) for 10 days. Control groups received vehicle or @entity2 only on the last day of the experiment. At the optimum time after @entity2 administration serum @entity7 and splenic NK cell activity were measured. The results indicate no significant alterations in the response to @entity2 of @entity1 exposed to @entity2 for 10 days compared to those exposed only once. To compare the @entity5 response of @entity1 and @entity0 , lower @entity2 dosages than generally used in our model were administered to @entity1 , and the @entity7 response was compared to published data for @entity0 who had similar ranges of blood @entity2 levels. The results suggest that @entity0 and @entity1 exhibit activation of the @entity5 only when blood @entity2 levels exceed approximately 0.14%. Together these results further characterize a @entity1 model for binge drinking that seems to provide a reasonable representation of many aspects of binge drinking in @entity0 .

title: @entity3 -induced activation of the @entity5 in a @entity1 model for binge drinking: role of @entity8 -sensitive gamma aminobutyric acid receptors, tolerance, and relevance to XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity4 ) is the prototype bioreductive DNA alkylating agent. To exploit its unique properties and maximize @entity0 responses, different therapeutic approaches have been investigated. Recently, the focus has concentrated on monitoring the levels of the proteins metabolizing the drug and relating these to activity in a regimen referred to as enzyme-directed bioreductive drug development. To be successful, it is important to understand the enzymology of metabolic activation not only in cell lines but also in @entity1 models. A general mechanism of action for @entity4 has now emerged that is activated regardless of the source of reducing equivalents, comprising three competing pathways that give rise to unique reactive intermediates and different DNA adducts. Partitioning into the pathways is dictated by chemical considerations such as pH and drug concentration. @entity5 stands out in this mechanism, since it is much less effective at metabolizing @entity4 at neutral pH. At least five different enzymes can catalyse @entity4 bioreduction in vitro, and as many activities may be present in solid @entity1 , including a series of novel mitochondrial reductases such as a cytochrome P450 reductase. Competition between reductases for @entity4 appears to be based solely on protein levels rather than enzyme kinetics. Consequentially, @entity5 can occupy a central role in @entity4 metabolic activation since it is often highly overexpressed in @entity1 cells. Although a good correlation has been observed in cell lines between @entity5 expression and aerobic @entity2 , this does not hold consistently in vivo for any single bioreductive enzyme, suggesting revision of the enzyme-directed hypothesis as originally formulated.

title: Enzymology of XXXX metabolic activation in @entity1 tissue: implications for enzyme-directed bioreductive drug development.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity4 ) is the prototype bioreductive DNA alkylating agent. To exploit its unique properties and maximize @entity0 responses, different therapeutic approaches have been investigated. Recently, the focus has concentrated on monitoring the levels of the proteins metabolizing the drug and relating these to activity in a regimen referred to as enzyme-directed bioreductive drug development. To be successful, it is important to understand the enzymology of metabolic activation not only in cell lines but also in @entity1 models. A general mechanism of action for @entity4 has now emerged that is activated regardless of the source of reducing equivalents, comprising three competing pathways that give rise to unique reactive intermediates and different DNA adducts. Partitioning into the pathways is dictated by chemical considerations such as pH and drug concentration. @entity5 stands out in this mechanism, since it is much less effective at metabolizing @entity4 at neutral pH. At least five different enzymes can catalyse @entity4 bioreduction in vitro, and as many activities may be present in solid @entity1 , including a series of novel mitochondrial reductases such as a cytochrome P450 reductase. Competition between reductases for @entity4 appears to be based solely on protein levels rather than enzyme kinetics. Consequentially, @entity5 can occupy a central role in @entity4 metabolic activation since it is often highly overexpressed in @entity1 cells. Although a good correlation has been observed in cell lines between @entity5 expression and aerobic @entity2 , this does not hold consistently in vivo for any single bioreductive enzyme, suggesting revision of the enzyme-directed hypothesis as originally formulated.

title: Enzymology of @entity3 metabolic activation in XXXX tissue: implications for enzyme-directed bioreductive drug development.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Clinical and radiological studies of the @entity1 of @entity0 between seven and eleven years old were conducted to assess the use of permanent and immediate (emergency) techniques for reconstructing anterior permanent teeth with immature apices. The general hypothesis states that, given the physical and biocompatible properties of the materials used in the immediate (emergency) technique, there are no significant differences between the two techniques as far as pulp vitality and apical growth are concerned. A sample of fifty-six @entity0 was selected. They had Class I, II or III fractures, for which permanent and immediate (emergency) techniques were used in equal numbers. Thermal, mechanical, and electrical tests were used to evaluate pulp vitality compared with the homologous tooth. Apical convergence was the radiological criterion used for determining the end of the radicular process. After one year, both techniques allow preservation of pulp vitality. Results show that, unlike the conventional technique (permanent), radicular formation was completed first in teeth reconstructed using the immediate (emergency) technique. Statistical analysis shows no definitive relationship between the technique used and completion of apical growth time (P > 0.05). In conclusion, comparison between the mediate (permanent) and immediate (emergency) techniques shows that the immediate (emergency) technique is an adequate alternative for reconstructing @entity1 , because of the greater esthetic and functional advantages at the @entity0 's disposal.

title: Temporary and permanent restorations for XXXX permanent teeth with immature apices: a clinical study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sigmoid resection is a well established procedure for surgical treatment of benign @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to assess the longterm quality of life of @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic sigmoid resection for @entity2 . Differences in health related life quality to the open-conventional approach were evaluated in a matched pair analysis (age, gender, Hinchey-Stage, Type of Surgery) using a validated quality of life instrument. METHODS: A total of 45 matched pairs (laparoscopic/open) operated for @entity2 at stage I-IIa (Hinchey classification) were included in this study. The quality of life was measured with the Short-Form-36-Health Survey (SF-36), a standardized questionnaire with 8 scales and 36 items. The follow-up period was at least 2 years (mean 62.2 months). RESULTS: Pair members (n = 45) operated via laparoscopic or open approach for Hinchey I-IIa @entity2 were of the same sex (21 female/24 male pairs) and age at time of surgery (range: lap.: 53.5-66 years; open: 53.5-67 years). Mean follow-up periods for @entity0 operated laparoscopically and with open procedure were 2 (range: 1-3) and 7 (range: 5-9) years, respectively. The SF-36 scale scores for both groups appeared high and only slightly below a validated norm population. This represents a high quality of life after open as well as laparoscopic surgery for sigmadiverticulitis. No significant differences were apparent between the 45 matched-pairs. Pairs 65 years old or older presented no significantly different score values compared to those younger than 65 years. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term follow-up data in this age and sex matched pair analysis showed favorable results after open as well as laparoscopic surgery for sigmadiverticulitis. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two surgical techniques. Self-reports by the @entity0 concerning his or her health condition, recovery and quality of life following any surgical procedure are needed to assess valid outcome data of new surgical treatments including a critical evaluation of all its benefits and burdens.

title: [Quality of life assessment after surgery for XXXX - a follow-up study].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Brain network activity associated with altered motor control in individuals with @entity1 is not well understood. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a debilitating condition in which previous studies have revealed altered resting pelvic floor muscle activity in @entity0 with @entity3 compared to healthy controls. We hypothesized that the brain networks controlling pelvic floor muscles would also show altered resting state function in @entity0 with @entity3 . Here we describe the results of the first test of this hypothesis focusing on the motor cortical regions, termed pelvic-motor, that can directly activate pelvic floor muscles. A group of @entity0 with @entity3 (N  =  28), as well as group of age-matched healthy male controls (N  =  27), had resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans as part of the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic @entity2 (MAPP) Research Network study. Brain maps of the functional connectivity of pelvic-motor were compared between groups. A significant group difference was observed in the functional connectivity between pelvic-motor and the right posterior insula. The effect size of this group difference was among the largest effect sizes in functional connectivity between all pairs of 165 anatomically-defined subregions of the brain. Interestingly, many of the atlas region pairs with large effect sizes also involved other subregions of the insular cortices. We conclude that functional connectivity between motor cortex and the posterior insula may be among the most important markers of altered brain function in @entity0 with @entity3 , and may represent changes in the integration of viscerosensory and motor processing.

title: Altered resting state neuromotor connectivity in @entity0 with chronic prostatitis/chronic XXXX : A MAPP: Research Network Neuroimaging Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Brain network activity associated with altered motor control in individuals with @entity1 is not well understood. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a debilitating condition in which previous studies have revealed altered resting pelvic floor muscle activity in @entity0 with @entity3 compared to healthy controls. We hypothesized that the brain networks controlling pelvic floor muscles would also show altered resting state function in @entity0 with @entity3 . Here we describe the results of the first test of this hypothesis focusing on the motor cortical regions, termed pelvic-motor, that can directly activate pelvic floor muscles. A group of @entity0 with @entity3 (N  =  28), as well as group of age-matched healthy male controls (N  =  27), had resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans as part of the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic @entity2 (MAPP) Research Network study. Brain maps of the functional connectivity of pelvic-motor were compared between groups. A significant group difference was observed in the functional connectivity between pelvic-motor and the right posterior insula. The effect size of this group difference was among the largest effect sizes in functional connectivity between all pairs of 165 anatomically-defined subregions of the brain. Interestingly, many of the atlas region pairs with large effect sizes also involved other subregions of the insular cortices. We conclude that functional connectivity between motor cortex and the posterior insula may be among the most important markers of altered brain function in @entity0 with @entity3 , and may represent changes in the integration of viscerosensory and motor processing.

title: Altered resting state neuromotor connectivity in XXXX with chronic prostatitis/chronic @entity2 : A MAPP: Research Network Neuroimaging Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 , a widely distributed bioflavonoid, has been shown to induce growth inhibition in certain @entity2 cell types. In the present study we have pursued the mechanism of growth inhibition in MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells. @entity5 treatment resulted in the accumulation of cells specifically at G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Mitotic index measured by MPM2 staining clearly showed that cells were transiently accumulated in M phase, 24 h after treatment. The transient M phase accumulation was accompanied by a transient increase in the levels of @entity6 and @entity7 kinase activity. However, 24 h or longer treatment caused a marked accumulation of cells in G2 instead of M phase. Levels of @entity6 and @entity6 -associated @entity7 kinase activity were also decreased. We also found that @entity5 markedly increased Cdk-inhibitor @entity4 / @entity4 protein level after treatment for 48 h or longer, and the induction of @entity4 / @entity4 increased its association with @entity7 - @entity6 complex, however, up-regulation of @entity3 by @entity5 was not observed. @entity5 also induced significant apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in addition to cell cycle arrest, and the induction of apoptosis was markedly blocked by antisense @entity4 / @entity4 expression. The present data, therefore, demonstrate that a flavonoid @entity5 induces growth inhibition in the @entity1 @entity0 cell line MCF-7 through at least two different mechanisms; by inhibiting cell cycle progression through transient M phase accumulation and subsequent G2 arrest, and by inducing apoptosis.

title: Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in @entity1 @entity0 cells by XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 , a widely distributed bioflavonoid, has been shown to induce growth inhibition in certain @entity2 cell types. In the present study we have pursued the mechanism of growth inhibition in MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells. @entity5 treatment resulted in the accumulation of cells specifically at G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Mitotic index measured by MPM2 staining clearly showed that cells were transiently accumulated in M phase, 24 h after treatment. The transient M phase accumulation was accompanied by a transient increase in the levels of @entity6 and @entity7 kinase activity. However, 24 h or longer treatment caused a marked accumulation of cells in G2 instead of M phase. Levels of @entity6 and @entity6 -associated @entity7 kinase activity were also decreased. We also found that @entity5 markedly increased Cdk-inhibitor @entity4 / @entity4 protein level after treatment for 48 h or longer, and the induction of @entity4 / @entity4 increased its association with @entity7 - @entity6 complex, however, up-regulation of @entity3 by @entity5 was not observed. @entity5 also induced significant apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in addition to cell cycle arrest, and the induction of apoptosis was markedly blocked by antisense @entity4 / @entity4 expression. The present data, therefore, demonstrate that a flavonoid @entity5 induces growth inhibition in the @entity1 @entity0 cell line MCF-7 through at least two different mechanisms; by inhibiting cell cycle progression through transient M phase accumulation and subsequent G2 arrest, and by inducing apoptosis.

title: Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in @entity1 XXXX cells by @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 , a widely distributed bioflavonoid, has been shown to induce growth inhibition in certain @entity2 cell types. In the present study we have pursued the mechanism of growth inhibition in MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells. @entity5 treatment resulted in the accumulation of cells specifically at G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Mitotic index measured by MPM2 staining clearly showed that cells were transiently accumulated in M phase, 24 h after treatment. The transient M phase accumulation was accompanied by a transient increase in the levels of @entity6 and @entity7 kinase activity. However, 24 h or longer treatment caused a marked accumulation of cells in G2 instead of M phase. Levels of @entity6 and @entity6 -associated @entity7 kinase activity were also decreased. We also found that @entity5 markedly increased Cdk-inhibitor @entity4 / @entity4 protein level after treatment for 48 h or longer, and the induction of @entity4 / @entity4 increased its association with @entity7 - @entity6 complex, however, up-regulation of @entity3 by @entity5 was not observed. @entity5 also induced significant apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in addition to cell cycle arrest, and the induction of apoptosis was markedly blocked by antisense @entity4 / @entity4 expression. The present data, therefore, demonstrate that a flavonoid @entity5 induces growth inhibition in the @entity1 @entity0 cell line MCF-7 through at least two different mechanisms; by inhibiting cell cycle progression through transient M phase accumulation and subsequent G2 arrest, and by inducing apoptosis.

title: Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in XXXX @entity0 cells by @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Vertical root @entity0 are @entity6 events that often result in tooth extraction. Many contributing factor are associated with increasing incidence of vertical root @entity0 . Root canal preparation is one of the predisposing factors which can increase the root susceptibility to vertical @entity0 . PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three different instrumentation techniques on vertical root @entity0 resistance of endodontically treated @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 120 freshly extracted mandibular premolar @entity3 of similar dimensions were decoronated and randomly divided into control (n=30), @entity2 - @entity1 hand K-file (HF, n=30), BioRaCe rotary file (BR, n=30), and WaveOne reciprocating single-file (WO, n=30) groups. After cleaning and shaping the root canals, @entity4 was used as canal sealer, and @entity5 was completed using the continuous wave technique. The root canals were embedded vertically in standardised autopolymerising acrylic resin blocks, and subjected to a vertical load to cause vertical root @entity0 . The forces required to induce @entity0 were measured using a universal testing machine. ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: All experimental groups showed statistically significant reductions in @entity0 resistance as compared with the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the HF and BR groups. The WO group did not differ significantly from the HF group or the BR group. CONCLUSION: All three instrumentation techniques caused weakening of the structure of the roots, and rendered them susceptible to @entity0 under lesser load than unprepared roots. The @entity0 resistance of roots prepared with the single-file reciprocating technique was similar to that of those prepared with @entity7 hand and rotary instrumentation techniques.

title: Effect of Different Instrumentation Techniques on Vertical Root Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The feasibility and safety of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has been shown for a variety of diseases with small or moderately enlarged spleens. @entity3 thus has become the typical indication for LS, although few data are available to demonstrate any superiority of the laparoscopic approach over conventional surgery for this indication. We retrospectively analyzed 35 cases of LS for benign (22 @entity0 ) or malignant (13 @entity0 ) @entity2 . LS was attempted irrespective of the volume of the spleen. The overall operative mortality rate was 2.9%, and complications occurred in 23% of all @entity0 . The conversion rate was 9%, and accessory spleens were found in 17% of @entity0 . Although the @entity0 with @entity1 were significantly older, were higher operative risks (ASA score), had much larger spleens, and required longer operative times, more conversions to laparotomy, and more blood transfusions than @entity0 with benign disease, their mortality and complication rates and the duration of their hospital stays were not significantly different from those with benign disease. They also compare favorably with the results of conventional surgery for the same indications. @entity0 selection, operative technique, and outcome of laparoscopic and conventional splenectomy are discussed with regard to the literature. Although the experience with LS for these indications is still limited, the reported results indicate that LS may be as beneficial for @entity0 with malignant as for those with benign hematologic conditions.

title: Laparoscopic splenectomy for benign and malignant XXXX : 35 consecutive cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endovascular stent-graft repair of @entity3 was introduced in 1991. Long-term results from randomised studies are still not available. @entity4 after stent-graft repair have been reported, and there has been a considerable need for redo procedures. MATERIAL AND RESULTS: At Rikshospitalet in Oslo, Norway, 26 stent-graft implantations for @entity3 were performed during the years 1996-2000, two of which were primary technical failures immediately converted to open repair. During follow-up, two @entity0 have died from unrelated causes after six and 12 months. Eight @entity0 were converted to open repair 8-50 months (median 31) after implantation. Indications for conversion were migration (n = 4), increasing @entity2 diameter (n = 3) and @entity1 (n = 1). Of the 14 @entity0 still under observation, six have had one or more endovascular interventions (a total of 10) for failing graft. INTERPRETATION: Continuous technology development has been used as an argument to postpone randomised studies, as improved results are expected with new generations of stent-grafts. There is a need for discussion of the strategy for the further use of endovascular repair of @entity3 .

title: [Endovascular stent-graft repair of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Most of the @entity6 are of sensorineural origin and are characterized by a loss of hair cells and of @entity3 . At the present time, hearing aids are the only treatment. However, in some diseases of the inner ear, pharmacological treatment have been proposed and used successfully. In this paper, we will review some basic science aspects of the biology of the neurosensory structures of the inner ear, in particular of the auditory neurons, that lead to the rationale of some treatments for the @entity1 . Developmental studies, neuronal cell culture experiments, and analyses of gene knockout animals reveal a number of growth factors which are important for the rescue and repair of injured auditory neurons in the inner ear. These factors rescue the injured auditory neurons in vivo. Furthermore, perfusion of antioxydant to the cochlea prevented the @entity2 induced by @entity4 . These in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that it is possible to manipulate the neurosensory structures of the inner ear and provide an effective treatment to prevent the degeneration of the neurons. The molecules or drugs can be administered locally to the inner ear through a direct perilymphatic perfusion or through the round window membrane. As an example, we will discuss the treatment of @entity0 suffering from idiopathic @entity5 which can be treated successfully by a perfusion through the round window membrane, improving their hearing threshold and their speech discrimination.

title: Pharmacologic treatment of inner ear: from basic science to the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the literature assessing the differences in response to @entity2 ( @entity2 ) inhibitors and beta-blockers in black @entity0 compared with the response in non-black @entity0 in the management of @entity1 . DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (January 1966-May 2001) was performed using @entity1 , blacks, Negroid race, adrenergic beta-antagonists, and @entity2 inhibitors as key words. English-language articles were identified. Additional pertinent articles were identified from review of the references of these articles. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All identified references were reviewed. All articles deemed relevant to the subject of this article were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: It has been suggested that the antihypertensive effect of @entity2 inhibitors and beta-blockers may be less in black @entity0 than in other racial groups. Retrospective reanalyses of major @entity1 trials have suggested that black @entity0 may not realize a significant benefit in morbidity or mortality when @entity1 is managed with @entity2 inhibitors or beta-blockers. It has also been suggested that black @entity0 may respond more favorably than non-black @entity0 to the combination of @entity3 and @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Published reanalyses of @entity2 inhibitor and beta-blocker trials in @entity1 provide weak data to support a lack of benefit in black @entity0 . The published literature on this topic is limited by its retrospective nature. Firm conclusions regarding the influence of race on effectiveness of @entity2 inhibitors and beta-blockers cannot be made until prospective trials, with planned analysis of the effect of race, have been performed.

title: Role of race in the pharmacotherapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between duration of breastfeeding (BF) and @entity1 in schoolchildren of Florian  polis (SC), and the role of possible effect modifiers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a random sample of 2,826 schoolchildren (7-14  years). Weight and height were measured according to standardized procedures. Data concerning BF and sociodemographic variables were obtained from a questionnaire sent to parents/guardians. @entity0 's nutritional status was evaluated by BMI-for-age z-score for gender (WHO reference curves). Adjusted analyses were performed through logistic regression, considering a possible interaction among variables. RESULTS: Prevalence of @entity1 was 8.6% (95% CI: 7.6-9.7%) and 55.7% (95% CI: 53.8-57.6%) received breastmilk for >=  6 months. BF was not associated with @entity1 , even in the adjusted analysis. Stratified analysis according to maternal schooling showed that, in @entity0 aged 7-10 years and @entity0 whose mothers had 0-8 years of schooling, the chance of @entity1 was lower among those breastfeed for >1 month, especially among those who received breastmilk for 1-5 months (OR=0.22; 95% CI 0.08-0.62). Among @entity0 of @entity0 with higher educational level (> 8 years), the chance of @entity1 was 44% lower in those who were breastfed for >12 months (p-value for interaction < 0.01). This interaction was not found in older @entity0 (11-14 years). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity0 of @entity0 with lower schooling, BF for any period longer than 1  month is protective against @entity1 ; however, for a higher maternal schooling, BF for less than 12 months increases the odds of @entity1 .

title: [Effect of breastfeeding on XXXX of schoolchildren: influence of maternal education].

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Literature review and retrospective case-control study (level 3 evidence) examining 50 @entity6 ( @entity6 ) ( @entity2 or II curve) cases with 32 healthy controls of the same age. The sagittal profiles were measured preoperatively, 6 months, and 2 years after surgery and compared with those of age-matched controls at baseline. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare baseline sagittal profiles of @entity6 @entity5 with age-matched healthy controls and at 6 months and 2 years after surgery, as well as with previously published reports. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Sagittal alignment and profiles have gained significant attention in @entity1 outcomes. The sagittal profile of @entity0 with @entity6 has been previously reported, as well as the effects of surgical correction, with inconsistent results and no clear references to nonscoliotic controls. METHODS: Baseline sagittal profiles of 50 @entity0 presenting with @entity6 treated with selective thoracic fusion were compared with 32 age-matched controls without spinal pathology. These values were also measured at 6 months and 2 years postoperatively to examine effects of selective thoracic fusion over time. Sagittal parameters examined include pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, C7 plumb line (sagittal vertical alignment), @entity3 , and @entity4 . A literature review was performed comparing previously published data. Data are presented as mean (95% confidence interval). P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Interobserver reliability (Cohen k= 0.49-0.95). All demographic and preoperative sagittal alignment parameters were comparable between controls and @entity0 with @entity6 prior to surgery. After selective thoracic fusion, @entity3 decreased significantly from baseline (25.4   [21.6-29.2] vs. 15.3   [12.8-17.8]; P < 0.001) at 6 months and at 2 years (10.3   [7.5-13.1]; P < 0.001). The @entity4 significantly decreased at 6 months from baseline (54.5   [28.6-80.5] vs. 61.8   (33.4-90.1); P < 0.001) and at 2 years (55.4   [29.0-81.9]; P < 0.001). Sagittal vertical alignment, pelvic tilt, and pelvic incidence were comparable between controls and @entity0 with @entity6 at baseline and did not change with surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with @entity5 have comparable sagittal profiles with those of healthy controls of the same age. This suggests that @entity5 may not be hypokyphotic as previously thought. After selective thoracic fusion, @entity0 with @entity6 have a significantly decreased @entity3 , which is accompanied by reciprocal changes in the noninstrumented lumbar curve. Sagittal vertical alignment and pelvic tilt are not significantly affected. These results agree with previous reports, which suggest that constructs with pedicle screws have a higher impact on sagittal curves but do not affect sagittal or spinopelvic alignment. The long-term effects of abnormal sagittal profiles need further clarification. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Selective Thoracic Fusion of XXXX and II Curves Affects Sagittal Profiles But Not Sagittal or Spinopelvic Alignment: A Case-Control Study.

answer: @entity2