abstract: RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Defensive medical practice represents an increasing concern in European countries and is reported to account for rising health care expenditures. Malpractice liability, current jurisdiction and the increasing claim for accountability appear to result in additional diagnostic requests with marginal clinical benefit. Investigations that evaluate the national Austrian prevalence and contextual principles and consequences of defensive medicine are lacking so far. METHOD: Orthopaedic and @entity1 surgeons as well as radiologists from public hospitals in Austria were invited to complete a study questionnaire retrieving personal estimation of the quantity of @entity0 contacts and defensive requests in a typical month, subjective judgement of medico-legal climate, evolving defensive trends, working time usage for defensive considerations and prior confrontations with malpractice liability claims. RESULTS: The prevalence of defensive medicine was found to be 97.7%. The average orthopaedic or @entity1 surgeon requests 19.6 investigations per month for defensive reasons, which represents 28% of all diagnostic examinations. High-quality imaging modalities and short-term admissions yield increasing defensive significance. @entity0 are confronted with 1.4 liability claims per month. During the treatment of high-risk @entity0 , 81% of doctors request additional diagnostic procedures for defensive considerations. Expenditure of time for defensive practice amounts to 9.2 hours/month in radiology and to 17 and 18% of total working time, respectively, in orthopaedic and @entity1 surgery. CONCLUSION: Defensive medical practice represents a serious and common challenge in Austria. Our results indicate the urgent necessity for confrontation with and solution for the increasing effort of self-protection within the health care system.

title: A national survey of defensive medicine among orthopaedic surgeons, XXXX surgeons and radiologists in Austria: evaluation of prevalence and context.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The in vivo spasmogenic capacity of a lipid @entity2 ( @entity5 : @entity5 ) was studied in a chronic experiment using the @entity1 . The @entity5 was injected into the cisterna magna (0.2 or 2 mg emulsified in bovine serum albumin solution). The changes in diameter of the basilar artery were followed by angiography, and the morphological changes were studied by electron microscopy. The cisternal injection of 0.2 mg of @entity5 caused a mild constriction of the basilar artery which lasted about 7 hours. The cisternal injection of 2 mg of @entity5 caused a biphasic constriction, the initial phase of which was a moderate narrowing lasting about 10 hours. The second phase started on the 2nd or the 3rd day after injection. The intensity of the arterial narrowing was more pronounced in the second phase than in the first. The prolonged secondary constriction of the basilar artery continued until sacrifice on the 7th day after injection. Electron microscopic study revealed a marked @entity0 in the endothelium and myonecrotic changes in the tunica media. The prolonged arterial constriction in the second phase was invariably associated with remarkable degeneration of the endothelium. On the other hand, myonecrotic changes were limited to a small number of smooth-muscle cells. The results of the present study are consonant with the hypothesis that lipid peroxidation associated with lysis of the subarachnoid clot is involved in the genesis of chronic @entity4 in @entity3 .

title: The effect of a lipid XXXX of arachidonic acid on the @entity1 basilar artery. An experimental study on @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The in vivo spasmogenic capacity of a lipid @entity2 ( @entity5 : @entity5 ) was studied in a chronic experiment using the @entity1 . The @entity5 was injected into the cisterna magna (0.2 or 2 mg emulsified in bovine serum albumin solution). The changes in diameter of the basilar artery were followed by angiography, and the morphological changes were studied by electron microscopy. The cisternal injection of 0.2 mg of @entity5 caused a mild constriction of the basilar artery which lasted about 7 hours. The cisternal injection of 2 mg of @entity5 caused a biphasic constriction, the initial phase of which was a moderate narrowing lasting about 10 hours. The second phase started on the 2nd or the 3rd day after injection. The intensity of the arterial narrowing was more pronounced in the second phase than in the first. The prolonged secondary constriction of the basilar artery continued until sacrifice on the 7th day after injection. Electron microscopic study revealed a marked @entity0 in the endothelium and myonecrotic changes in the tunica media. The prolonged arterial constriction in the second phase was invariably associated with remarkable degeneration of the endothelium. On the other hand, myonecrotic changes were limited to a small number of smooth-muscle cells. The results of the present study are consonant with the hypothesis that lipid peroxidation associated with lysis of the subarachnoid clot is involved in the genesis of chronic @entity4 in @entity3 .

title: The effect of a lipid @entity2 of arachidonic acid on the @entity1 basilar artery. An experimental study on XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The in vivo spasmogenic capacity of a lipid @entity2 ( @entity5 : @entity5 ) was studied in a chronic experiment using the @entity1 . The @entity5 was injected into the cisterna magna (0.2 or 2 mg emulsified in bovine serum albumin solution). The changes in diameter of the basilar artery were followed by angiography, and the morphological changes were studied by electron microscopy. The cisternal injection of 0.2 mg of @entity5 caused a mild constriction of the basilar artery which lasted about 7 hours. The cisternal injection of 2 mg of @entity5 caused a biphasic constriction, the initial phase of which was a moderate narrowing lasting about 10 hours. The second phase started on the 2nd or the 3rd day after injection. The intensity of the arterial narrowing was more pronounced in the second phase than in the first. The prolonged secondary constriction of the basilar artery continued until sacrifice on the 7th day after injection. Electron microscopic study revealed a marked @entity0 in the endothelium and myonecrotic changes in the tunica media. The prolonged arterial constriction in the second phase was invariably associated with remarkable degeneration of the endothelium. On the other hand, myonecrotic changes were limited to a small number of smooth-muscle cells. The results of the present study are consonant with the hypothesis that lipid peroxidation associated with lysis of the subarachnoid clot is involved in the genesis of chronic @entity4 in @entity3 .

title: The effect of a lipid @entity2 of arachidonic acid on the XXXX basilar artery. An experimental study on @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We prospectively investigated the efficacy of corticosteroid medication in salvaging acute @entity4 after radiosurgery for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and analyzed prognostic factors for hearing preservation. METHODS: Forty-one @entity0 with serviceable hearing treated with gamma knife radiosurgery between 2004 and 2006 were included. Nineteen @entity0 who suffered acute @entity4 after radiosurgery were treated with oral @entity3 . The efficacy of @entity3 was compared with the results of a historical observation group of 15 @entity0 who had experienced @entity4 but who had not taken @entity3 . RESULTS: The @entity1 control rate and serviceable hearing preservation rate at the last follow-up were 97.6 and 61%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the actuarial serviceable hearing preservation rates between the @entity2 treatment group and the historical observation group (p = 0.519). However, the mean pure-tone averages were significantly different between the 2 groups (51.5 vs. 63.7 dB; p = 0.025). Multivariate analysis revealed that preradiosurgery hearing status and transient volume expansion were prognostic factors for hearing preservation (p = 0.013 and p = 0.029, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the possibility that corticosteroid medication may improve acute @entity4 after radiosurgery in @entity5 @entity0 . Further studies on optimal corticosteroid medication for managing acute @entity4 after radiosurgery are mandatory.

title: Efficacy of @entity3 in hearing preservation after radiosurgery for XXXX : a prospective study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We prospectively investigated the efficacy of corticosteroid medication in salvaging acute @entity4 after radiosurgery for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and analyzed prognostic factors for hearing preservation. METHODS: Forty-one @entity0 with serviceable hearing treated with gamma knife radiosurgery between 2004 and 2006 were included. Nineteen @entity0 who suffered acute @entity4 after radiosurgery were treated with oral @entity3 . The efficacy of @entity3 was compared with the results of a historical observation group of 15 @entity0 who had experienced @entity4 but who had not taken @entity3 . RESULTS: The @entity1 control rate and serviceable hearing preservation rate at the last follow-up were 97.6 and 61%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the actuarial serviceable hearing preservation rates between the @entity2 treatment group and the historical observation group (p = 0.519). However, the mean pure-tone averages were significantly different between the 2 groups (51.5 vs. 63.7 dB; p = 0.025). Multivariate analysis revealed that preradiosurgery hearing status and transient volume expansion were prognostic factors for hearing preservation (p = 0.013 and p = 0.029, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the possibility that corticosteroid medication may improve acute @entity4 after radiosurgery in @entity5 @entity0 . Further studies on optimal corticosteroid medication for managing acute @entity4 after radiosurgery are mandatory.

title: Efficacy of XXXX in hearing preservation after radiosurgery for @entity5 : a prospective study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Five cases of @entity2 are described, and a sixth (previously reported) is reviewed. Clinical features, investigation, and management are described to show the great variability of the complications and prognosis. Five @entity0 presented in the first 10 weeks of life with @entity5 ; 4 developed @entity8 ; 3 had cutaneous haemangiomata. One @entity0 presented at age 4 years with @entity5 and @entity6 , and on investigation had features of chronic @entity13 . Focal decrease or @entity12 in hepatic uptake of @entity9 colloid, and abnormal intrahepatic circulation was shown in all cases. In 3 @entity0 liver biopsy was performed to exclude @entity1 . In one @entity0 there was spontaneous regression of the @entity1 by age 3 years. In 3 cases hepatic artery ligation was necessary to control @entity8 which had persisted despite treatment with digoxin, diuretics, and oral @entity4 , a procedure which was without complications after up to 8 years. One @entity0 with intractable portal @entity3 , @entity2 , and severe @entity11 died with persisting alimentary @entity7 and @entity10 . One @entity0 aged 4 years showed no immediate response to hepatic artery ligation but the size of her @entity1 got smaller and the clinical features diminished after irradiation. These @entity1 cause considerable morbidity and have a high reported mortality. If @entity8 is not rapidly controlled, hepatic artery ligation should be performed.

title: XXXX : diagnosis and management.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twenty-four @entity0 were admitted to Kasr-El-Aini Hospital with suspected diagnoses of @entity4 . The @entity0 underwent clinical examinations, stool specimen analyses for cysts and trophozoites of @entity3 , radiologic examinations, and routine liver function tests. In one @entity0 , a liver scintiscan was obtained. Ultrasonographic examination was performed on all @entity0 using the gray scale imaging technique. In 20 @entity0 , the diagnoses of @entity4 were demonstrated by ultrasonographic examination. In 19 @entity0 , @entity4 were verified by aspiration biopsies (95%), and one @entity0 had a false-positive result. This false-positive result was due to a degenerated @entity1 , demonstrated by aspiration biopsy. Of the 19 @entity0 , 12 @entity0 (63.12%) had right lobe abscesses and seven (36.89%) had @entity2 . The site, size and nature of the pus contained in the abscess could be determined by ultrasonographic examination and, therefore, helped in the management and technique of the aspiration biopsy. In addition, follow-up data could be more detailed using ultrasonographic examinations. Ultrasonographic examination is a noninvasive, safe, accurate, and rapid method of diagnosis, and is highly recommended as a routing procedure in all cases of suspected @entity4 in the pre- and posttreatment stages of the disease. It is also recommended as an indicator of complete cure at follow-up examination.

title: Ultrasonography and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of @entity3 meal (SM) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) on biogenic @entity6 production and microbial diversity using in vitro ruminal fermentation. Treatments comprised of incubation of 2 g of mixture (expressed as 10 parts) containing different ratios of SM to @entity8 as: 0:0, 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, or 0:10. In vitro ruminal fermentation parameters were determined at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h of incubation while the biogenic @entity6 and microbial diversity were determined at 48 h of incubation. Treatment with highest proportion of SM had higher (p<0.05) gas production than those with higher proportions of @entity8 . Samples with higher proportion of @entity8 resulted in lower pH than those with higher proportion of SM after 48 h of incubation. The largest change in NH3-N concentration from 0 to 48 h was observed on all SM while the smallest was observed on exclusive @entity8 . Similarly, exclusive @entity8 had the lowest NH3-N concentration among all groups after 24 h of incubation. Increasing @entity0 ( @entity1 ) concentrations were observed with time, and @entity1 concentrations were higher (p<0.05) with greater proportions of SM than @entity8 . Balanced proportion of SM and @entity8 had the highest (p<0.05) total volatile @entity2 (TVFA) while propionate was found highest in higher proportion of @entity8 . Moreover, biogenic @entity6 (BA) was higher (p<0.05) in samples containing greater proportions of SM. Histamines, @entity6 index and total @entity5 were highest in exclusive SM followed in sequence mixtures with increasing proportion of @entity8 (and lowered proportion of SM) at 48 h of incubation. Nine dominant bands were identified by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and their identity ranged from 87% to 100% which were mostly isolated from rumen and feces. Bands R2 ( @entity7 clone RB-5E1) and R4 ( @entity7 rumen bacterium clone L7A_C10) bands were found in samples with higher proportions of SM while R3 ( @entity7 Firmicutes bacterium clone NI_52), R7 ( @entity9 sp. MCB2), R8 ( @entity9 gene) and R9 ( @entity9 LongY6) were found in samples with higher proportions of @entity8 . Different feed ratios affect rumen fermentation in terms of pH, NH3-N, @entity1 , BA, volatile @entity2 and other metabolite concentrations and microbial diversity. Balanced protein and @entity4 ratios are needed for rumen fermentation.

title: Effect of XXXX Meal and Soluble Starch on Biogenic Amine Production and Microbial Diversity Using In vitro Rumen Fermentation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: SUMMARY: Napsin A and @entity8 ( @entity8 , @entity9 ) have recently been described as being frequently expressed in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of the gynecological tract. The present study was conducted to assess the test performance of these newer markers relative to the more traditional marker, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), in a large and histotypically diverse dataset. A total of 279 @entity1 in tissue microarrays were immunohistochemically assessed for the expression of Napsin A, @entity8 and @entity7 . @entity7 , Napsin A and @entity8 were expressed in 92%, 82% and 63% of 65 @entity4 , 7%, 1% and 1% of 101 @entity3 , 37%, 5.3% and 0% of 19 @entity5 , 60%, 0% and 0% of 45 @entity0 , 100%, 0% and 0% of seven yolk sac @entity0 , and 0%, 16.7% and 16.7% of six @entity2 cell @entity0 NOS, respectively. All other @entity0 , including 18 adult-type granulosa cell @entity0 , @entity6 and nine other miscellaneous @entity0 types were negative for all three markers. Using a benchmark of >= 1% of @entity0 cells for positivity and @entity4 as the diagnostic end-point, the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of Napsin A expression were 0.82, 0.99, 0.94, and 0.98, respectively (odds ratio 439, p<0.0001). Respective parameters were 0.92, 0.79, 0.97, and 0.58 (odds ratio 44, p<0.0001) for @entity7 and 0.63, 0.99, 0.89, and 0.5 (odds ratio 112, p<0.0001) for @entity8 . The combination of any two positive markers, irrespective of the staining pattern of the third, significantly predicted the @entity4 histotype in every analytic scenario. In summary, @entity7 is highly sensitive but is suboptimally specific in isolation, whereas @entity8 is highly specific but is suboptimally sensitive. Napsin A is specific but of intermediate sensitivity. Napsin A, @entity8 and @entity7 are all viable markers of @entity4 that can be deployed as components of larger panels when @entity4 is a diagnostic consideration.

title: Comparative analysis of Napsin A, alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase ( XXXX , @entity9 ), and @entity7 as diagnostic markers of @entity1 : an immunohistochemical study of 279 @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: SUMMARY: Napsin A and @entity8 ( @entity8 , @entity9 ) have recently been described as being frequently expressed in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of the gynecological tract. The present study was conducted to assess the test performance of these newer markers relative to the more traditional marker, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), in a large and histotypically diverse dataset. A total of 279 @entity1 in tissue microarrays were immunohistochemically assessed for the expression of Napsin A, @entity8 and @entity7 . @entity7 , Napsin A and @entity8 were expressed in 92%, 82% and 63% of 65 @entity4 , 7%, 1% and 1% of 101 @entity3 , 37%, 5.3% and 0% of 19 @entity5 , 60%, 0% and 0% of 45 @entity0 , 100%, 0% and 0% of seven yolk sac @entity0 , and 0%, 16.7% and 16.7% of six @entity2 cell @entity0 NOS, respectively. All other @entity0 , including 18 adult-type granulosa cell @entity0 , @entity6 and nine other miscellaneous @entity0 types were negative for all three markers. Using a benchmark of >= 1% of @entity0 cells for positivity and @entity4 as the diagnostic end-point, the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of Napsin A expression were 0.82, 0.99, 0.94, and 0.98, respectively (odds ratio 439, p<0.0001). Respective parameters were 0.92, 0.79, 0.97, and 0.58 (odds ratio 44, p<0.0001) for @entity7 and 0.63, 0.99, 0.89, and 0.5 (odds ratio 112, p<0.0001) for @entity8 . The combination of any two positive markers, irrespective of the staining pattern of the third, significantly predicted the @entity4 histotype in every analytic scenario. In summary, @entity7 is highly sensitive but is suboptimally specific in isolation, whereas @entity8 is highly specific but is suboptimally sensitive. Napsin A is specific but of intermediate sensitivity. Napsin A, @entity8 and @entity7 are all viable markers of @entity4 that can be deployed as components of larger panels when @entity4 is a diagnostic consideration.

title: Comparative analysis of Napsin A, alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase ( @entity8 , XXXX ), and @entity7 as diagnostic markers of @entity1 : an immunohistochemical study of 279 @entity1 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: SUMMARY: Napsin A and @entity8 ( @entity8 , @entity9 ) have recently been described as being frequently expressed in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of the gynecological tract. The present study was conducted to assess the test performance of these newer markers relative to the more traditional marker, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), in a large and histotypically diverse dataset. A total of 279 @entity1 in tissue microarrays were immunohistochemically assessed for the expression of Napsin A, @entity8 and @entity7 . @entity7 , Napsin A and @entity8 were expressed in 92%, 82% and 63% of 65 @entity4 , 7%, 1% and 1% of 101 @entity3 , 37%, 5.3% and 0% of 19 @entity5 , 60%, 0% and 0% of 45 @entity0 , 100%, 0% and 0% of seven yolk sac @entity0 , and 0%, 16.7% and 16.7% of six @entity2 cell @entity0 NOS, respectively. All other @entity0 , including 18 adult-type granulosa cell @entity0 , @entity6 and nine other miscellaneous @entity0 types were negative for all three markers. Using a benchmark of >= 1% of @entity0 cells for positivity and @entity4 as the diagnostic end-point, the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of Napsin A expression were 0.82, 0.99, 0.94, and 0.98, respectively (odds ratio 439, p<0.0001). Respective parameters were 0.92, 0.79, 0.97, and 0.58 (odds ratio 44, p<0.0001) for @entity7 and 0.63, 0.99, 0.89, and 0.5 (odds ratio 112, p<0.0001) for @entity8 . The combination of any two positive markers, irrespective of the staining pattern of the third, significantly predicted the @entity4 histotype in every analytic scenario. In summary, @entity7 is highly sensitive but is suboptimally specific in isolation, whereas @entity8 is highly specific but is suboptimally sensitive. Napsin A is specific but of intermediate sensitivity. Napsin A, @entity8 and @entity7 are all viable markers of @entity4 that can be deployed as components of larger panels when @entity4 is a diagnostic consideration.

title: Comparative analysis of Napsin A, alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase ( @entity8 , @entity9 ), and @entity7 as diagnostic markers of XXXX : an immunohistochemical study of 279 @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: SUMMARY: Napsin A and @entity8 ( @entity8 , @entity9 ) have recently been described as being frequently expressed in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of the gynecological tract. The present study was conducted to assess the test performance of these newer markers relative to the more traditional marker, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), in a large and histotypically diverse dataset. A total of 279 @entity1 in tissue microarrays were immunohistochemically assessed for the expression of Napsin A, @entity8 and @entity7 . @entity7 , Napsin A and @entity8 were expressed in 92%, 82% and 63% of 65 @entity4 , 7%, 1% and 1% of 101 @entity3 , 37%, 5.3% and 0% of 19 @entity5 , 60%, 0% and 0% of 45 @entity0 , 100%, 0% and 0% of seven yolk sac @entity0 , and 0%, 16.7% and 16.7% of six @entity2 cell @entity0 NOS, respectively. All other @entity0 , including 18 adult-type granulosa cell @entity0 , @entity6 and nine other miscellaneous @entity0 types were negative for all three markers. Using a benchmark of >= 1% of @entity0 cells for positivity and @entity4 as the diagnostic end-point, the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of Napsin A expression were 0.82, 0.99, 0.94, and 0.98, respectively (odds ratio 439, p<0.0001). Respective parameters were 0.92, 0.79, 0.97, and 0.58 (odds ratio 44, p<0.0001) for @entity7 and 0.63, 0.99, 0.89, and 0.5 (odds ratio 112, p<0.0001) for @entity8 . The combination of any two positive markers, irrespective of the staining pattern of the third, significantly predicted the @entity4 histotype in every analytic scenario. In summary, @entity7 is highly sensitive but is suboptimally specific in isolation, whereas @entity8 is highly specific but is suboptimally sensitive. Napsin A is specific but of intermediate sensitivity. Napsin A, @entity8 and @entity7 are all viable markers of @entity4 that can be deployed as components of larger panels when @entity4 is a diagnostic consideration.

title: Comparative analysis of Napsin A, alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase ( @entity8 , @entity9 ), and @entity7 as diagnostic markers of @entity1 : an immunohistochemical study of 279 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: SUMMARY: Napsin A and @entity8 ( @entity8 , @entity9 ) have recently been described as being frequently expressed in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of the gynecological tract. The present study was conducted to assess the test performance of these newer markers relative to the more traditional marker, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), in a large and histotypically diverse dataset. A total of 279 @entity1 in tissue microarrays were immunohistochemically assessed for the expression of Napsin A, @entity8 and @entity7 . @entity7 , Napsin A and @entity8 were expressed in 92%, 82% and 63% of 65 @entity4 , 7%, 1% and 1% of 101 @entity3 , 37%, 5.3% and 0% of 19 @entity5 , 60%, 0% and 0% of 45 @entity0 , 100%, 0% and 0% of seven yolk sac @entity0 , and 0%, 16.7% and 16.7% of six @entity2 cell @entity0 NOS, respectively. All other @entity0 , including 18 adult-type granulosa cell @entity0 , @entity6 and nine other miscellaneous @entity0 types were negative for all three markers. Using a benchmark of >= 1% of @entity0 cells for positivity and @entity4 as the diagnostic end-point, the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of Napsin A expression were 0.82, 0.99, 0.94, and 0.98, respectively (odds ratio 439, p<0.0001). Respective parameters were 0.92, 0.79, 0.97, and 0.58 (odds ratio 44, p<0.0001) for @entity7 and 0.63, 0.99, 0.89, and 0.5 (odds ratio 112, p<0.0001) for @entity8 . The combination of any two positive markers, irrespective of the staining pattern of the third, significantly predicted the @entity4 histotype in every analytic scenario. In summary, @entity7 is highly sensitive but is suboptimally specific in isolation, whereas @entity8 is highly specific but is suboptimally sensitive. Napsin A is specific but of intermediate sensitivity. Napsin A, @entity8 and @entity7 are all viable markers of @entity4 that can be deployed as components of larger panels when @entity4 is a diagnostic consideration.

title: Comparative analysis of Napsin A, alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase ( @entity8 , @entity9 ), and XXXX as diagnostic markers of @entity1 : an immunohistochemical study of 279 @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity2 thyroid 100,000 X g supernatant contained @entity3 -activated, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (PK-CaM) activity. The PK-CaM was partially purified using ion-exchange chromatography and characterized. PK-CaM, using casein as exogenous substrate, was not stimulated by @entity0 (0-500 microM) or calmodulin (1-10 micrograms) by themselves, but was stimulated by the combination of the two by 100%. The activation of the enzyme by @entity0 and calmodulin was dose-dependent with maximal stimulation evident at 1 microM free- @entity0 and 3 micrograms calmodulin. Both @entity4 and @entity5 inhibited the thyroid enzyme in a dose-related manner. The molecular weight (MW) of the PK-CaM, based on gel filtration, was approximately 500,000. PK-CaM could also be demonstrated using endogenous thyroid cytosol proteins as substrate. Separation of these 32P-labelled proteins by @entity1 -PAGE and subsequent autoradiography revealed that one major protein of approximately 56,000 MW was phosphorylated by PK-CaM. In some experiments, a second, less-intense protein band of approximately 64,000 MW was also phosphorylated. Evidence is presented, suggesting that these two protein bands may result from the autophosphorylation of the PK-CaM holoenzyme. These results offer a molecular mechanism, in addition to protein kinase C, by which @entity0 effects may be mediated in thyroid.

title: @entity3 -activated, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity in XXXX thyroid cytosol.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 thyroid 100,000 X g supernatant contained @entity3 -activated, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (PK-CaM) activity. The PK-CaM was partially purified using ion-exchange chromatography and characterized. PK-CaM, using casein as exogenous substrate, was not stimulated by @entity0 (0-500 microM) or calmodulin (1-10 micrograms) by themselves, but was stimulated by the combination of the two by 100%. The activation of the enzyme by @entity0 and calmodulin was dose-dependent with maximal stimulation evident at 1 microM free- @entity0 and 3 micrograms calmodulin. Both @entity4 and @entity5 inhibited the thyroid enzyme in a dose-related manner. The molecular weight (MW) of the PK-CaM, based on gel filtration, was approximately 500,000. PK-CaM could also be demonstrated using endogenous thyroid cytosol proteins as substrate. Separation of these 32P-labelled proteins by @entity1 -PAGE and subsequent autoradiography revealed that one major protein of approximately 56,000 MW was phosphorylated by PK-CaM. In some experiments, a second, less-intense protein band of approximately 64,000 MW was also phosphorylated. Evidence is presented, suggesting that these two protein bands may result from the autophosphorylation of the PK-CaM holoenzyme. These results offer a molecular mechanism, in addition to protein kinase C, by which @entity0 effects may be mediated in thyroid.

title: XXXX -activated, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity in @entity2 thyroid cytosol.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 may result from severe @entity1 . Therefore, left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function were prospectively assessed by ECG-gated blood pool radionuclide (RN) angiography in 25 consecutive @entity0 who had sustained severe @entity1 including blunt @entity4 . Focal abnormalities of RV and LV wall motion were defined in 17 @entity0 ; 12, RV; two, LV; and three, biventricular. In two @entity0 traumatic @entity6 was also demonstrated, and subsequently verified by contrast angiography. Other means to detect @entity2 (enzymatic, electrocardiographic, and @entity7 scintigraphy) proved to be insensitive when compared to RN angiography. Two of the five deaths in the group were attributed to refractory @entity5 . Surgical or post-mortem evidence of traumatic @entity2 was obtained in five instances when RN angiography indicated contusion. Of the 13 @entity0 available for followup examinations, 11 showed complete or partial resolution of the abnormality and two were unchanged. Comprehensive cardiopulmonary monitoring revealed an inverse relationship between right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (R2 = 0.42; p < 0.01) and between the PVR and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (R2 = 0.48; p < 0.01) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (R2 = 0.69; p < 0.01). Further, as right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) was increased in @entity1 , left ventricular function and compliance were reduced. In blunt @entity4 RV contusion occurs more frequently than previously recognized and positive RN angiography constitutes prima facie evidence of direct @entity2 . Further, LV function remains preload dependent, but may be @entity3 by elevated PVR impeding the blood flow from RV to LV and/or decreases in LV compliance.

title: Anatomic and cardiopulmonary responses to @entity1 with associated blunt XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 may result from severe @entity1 . Therefore, left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function were prospectively assessed by ECG-gated blood pool radionuclide (RN) angiography in 25 consecutive @entity0 who had sustained severe @entity1 including blunt @entity4 . Focal abnormalities of RV and LV wall motion were defined in 17 @entity0 ; 12, RV; two, LV; and three, biventricular. In two @entity0 traumatic @entity6 was also demonstrated, and subsequently verified by contrast angiography. Other means to detect @entity2 (enzymatic, electrocardiographic, and @entity7 scintigraphy) proved to be insensitive when compared to RN angiography. Two of the five deaths in the group were attributed to refractory @entity5 . Surgical or post-mortem evidence of traumatic @entity2 was obtained in five instances when RN angiography indicated contusion. Of the 13 @entity0 available for followup examinations, 11 showed complete or partial resolution of the abnormality and two were unchanged. Comprehensive cardiopulmonary monitoring revealed an inverse relationship between right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (R2 = 0.42; p < 0.01) and between the PVR and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (R2 = 0.48; p < 0.01) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (R2 = 0.69; p < 0.01). Further, as right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) was increased in @entity1 , left ventricular function and compliance were reduced. In blunt @entity4 RV contusion occurs more frequently than previously recognized and positive RN angiography constitutes prima facie evidence of direct @entity2 . Further, LV function remains preload dependent, but may be @entity3 by elevated PVR impeding the blood flow from RV to LV and/or decreases in LV compliance.

title: Anatomic and cardiopulmonary responses to XXXX with associated blunt @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 3-year experience with diaphragmatic disruption secondary to blunt @entity1 was reviewed. Seventy-five per cent of the disruptions were on the left side and the incidence of associated intra-abdominal and thoracic injuries was 100%. Disruption occurred in two distinct anatomic positions: 1) through the central tendon; 2) at the lateral costal insertion. Diagnosis was usually made by plain X-ray films of the chest, occasionally with the aid of fluoroscopy. Difficulty was encountered making the diagnosis preoperatively, especially when there was significant hemothorax and/or @entity2 . Angiography was diagnostic in three cases. Careful examination of the diaphragm in all blunt abdominal cases is essential to avoid delay in diagnosis. In the @entity0 with an associated ruptured hollow viscus there was high incidence of @entity5 leading to severe morbidity. In such cases concomitant thoracotomy at the time of definitive therapy should be considered. The mortality of this injury is primarily related to the incidence of associated injuries and pre-existing, nontraumatic disease. @entity4 rarely occurs alone in blunt @entity1 . Laparotomy is required for control of @entity3 in most cases.

title: XXXX secondary to blunt abdominal trauma.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Early reexamination of @entity2 metabolism via an oral @entity1 tolerance test (OGTT) is recommended after pregnancy with gestational diabetes (GDM). In this report, we aimed to assess the dominant patterns of dynamic OGTT measurements and subsequently explain them by meanings of the underlying pathophysiological processes. Principal components analysis (PCA), a statistical procedure that aims to reduce the dimensionality of multiple interrelated measures to a set of linearly uncorrelated variables (the principal components) was performed on OGTT data of @entity1 , @entity3 and C-peptide in addition to age and body mass index (BMI) of 151 @entity0 (n = 110 females after GDM and n = 41 controls) at 3-6 mo after delivery. These components were explained by frequently sampled intravenous @entity1 tolerance test (FSIGT) parameters. Moreover, their relation with the later development of overt diabetes was studied. Three principal components (PC) were identified, which explained 71.5% of the variation of the original 17 variables. @entity4 (explained 47.1%) was closely related to postprandial OGTT levels and FSIGT-derived @entity3 sensitivity (r = 0.68), indicating that it mirrors @entity3 sensitivity in the skeletal muscle. @entity5 (explained 17.3%) and @entity4 (explained 7.1%) were shown to be associated with b-cell failure and fasting (i.e., hepatic) @entity3 resistance, respectively. All three components were related with diabetes progression (occurred in n = 25 females after GDM) and showed significant changes in long-term trajectories. A high amount of the postpartum OGTT data is explained by principal components, representing pathophysiological mechanisms on the pathway of impaired @entity2 metabolism. Our results improve our understanding of the underlying biological processes to provide an accurate postgestational risk stratification.

title: To explain the variation of OGTT dynamics by biological mechanisms: a novel approach based on principal components analysis in XXXX with history of GDM.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Families of 338 male and 81 female @entity7 ( @entity7 ), including 280 wives, 144 daughters, and 81 sons, were examined for diseases resulting from @entity4 . The workers were initially exposed to @entity4 at least 20 years prior to the study date. Radiographic signs of @entity4 (using standard criteria international Labor Office 1980) were found in 64% of 288 male @entity7 and 21% of 71 female @entity7 . After excluding those with any occupational exposure to @entity4 , @entity4 prevalence was 11% in wives, 8% in sons, and 2% in daughters. @entity0 prevalence in workers and in wives increased with the number of years from initial exposure. Male @entity7 who had smoked had @entity3 without @entity1 . Nonsmokers had normal pulmonary functions. In @entity7 households prevalences of @entity5 , wheezing on physical examination, and symptoms of @entity2 and chronic @entity6 , exceeded those in the comparison (Michigan) population, even for the younger daughters and sons. These differences, and @entity3 and distribution defects reported earlier were not explained by cigarette smoking or by @entity4 exposure. Instead, they are tentatively ascribed to long-term exposure to ambient air pollution in Los Angeles.

title: @entity0 and pulmonary symptoms and signs in XXXX and their families in Los Angeles.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Families of 338 male and 81 female @entity7 ( @entity7 ), including 280 wives, 144 daughters, and 81 sons, were examined for diseases resulting from @entity4 . The workers were initially exposed to @entity4 at least 20 years prior to the study date. Radiographic signs of @entity4 (using standard criteria international Labor Office 1980) were found in 64% of 288 male @entity7 and 21% of 71 female @entity7 . After excluding those with any occupational exposure to @entity4 , @entity4 prevalence was 11% in wives, 8% in sons, and 2% in daughters. @entity0 prevalence in workers and in wives increased with the number of years from initial exposure. Male @entity7 who had smoked had @entity3 without @entity1 . Nonsmokers had normal pulmonary functions. In @entity7 households prevalences of @entity5 , wheezing on physical examination, and symptoms of @entity2 and chronic @entity6 , exceeded those in the comparison (Michigan) population, even for the younger daughters and sons. These differences, and @entity3 and distribution defects reported earlier were not explained by cigarette smoking or by @entity4 exposure. Instead, they are tentatively ascribed to long-term exposure to ambient air pollution in Los Angeles.

title: XXXX and pulmonary symptoms and signs in @entity7 and their families in Los Angeles.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to evaluate racial misclassification in a statewide @entity1 registry and to describe the epidemiology of @entity1 among the Washington American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/ @entity3 ) population. METHODS: We performed probabilistic record linkage between the Washington @entity1 Registry (2005-2009) and Northwest Tribal Registry, a dataset of known AI/ @entity3 . AI/ @entity3 @entity0 were compared with caucasians on @entity1 and clinical outcome factors. A multivariable model estimated odds of mortality. RESULTS: Record linkage increased ascertainment of AI/ @entity3 cases in the @entity1 registry 71%, from 1777 to 3039 cases. Compared with caucasians, AI/ @entity3 @entity1 @entity0 were younger (mean age=36 vs 47   years, p<0.001) and more commonly male (66.5% vs 61.2%, p<0.001). AI/ @entity3 experienced more intentional injuries (suicide or homicide: 20.1% vs 6.7%, p<0.001), a higher proportion of severe @entity2 (20.7% vs 16.8%, p=0.004) and were less likely than caucasians to use safety equipment such as seat belts/airbags (53.9% vs 76.7%, p<0.001). ISSs were similar (ISS >15: 21.4% vs 20.5%, p=0.63), and no difference was observed in mortality after adjustment for covariates (p=0.58). CONCLUSIONS: Linkage to a state @entity1 registry improved data quality by correcting racial misclassification, allowing for a comprehensive description of injury patterns for the AI/ @entity3 population. AI/ @entity3 sustained more severe injuries with similar postinjury outcomes to caucasians. Future efforts should focus on primary prevention for this population, including increased use of seat belts and @entity0 safety seats and reduction of interpersonal violence and suicide.

title: Uncovering a missing demographic in XXXX registries: epidemiology of @entity1 among American Indians and Alaska Natives in Washington State.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to evaluate racial misclassification in a statewide @entity1 registry and to describe the epidemiology of @entity1 among the Washington American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/ @entity3 ) population. METHODS: We performed probabilistic record linkage between the Washington @entity1 Registry (2005-2009) and Northwest Tribal Registry, a dataset of known AI/ @entity3 . AI/ @entity3 @entity0 were compared with caucasians on @entity1 and clinical outcome factors. A multivariable model estimated odds of mortality. RESULTS: Record linkage increased ascertainment of AI/ @entity3 cases in the @entity1 registry 71%, from 1777 to 3039 cases. Compared with caucasians, AI/ @entity3 @entity1 @entity0 were younger (mean age=36 vs 47   years, p<0.001) and more commonly male (66.5% vs 61.2%, p<0.001). AI/ @entity3 experienced more intentional injuries (suicide or homicide: 20.1% vs 6.7%, p<0.001), a higher proportion of severe @entity2 (20.7% vs 16.8%, p=0.004) and were less likely than caucasians to use safety equipment such as seat belts/airbags (53.9% vs 76.7%, p<0.001). ISSs were similar (ISS >15: 21.4% vs 20.5%, p=0.63), and no difference was observed in mortality after adjustment for covariates (p=0.58). CONCLUSIONS: Linkage to a state @entity1 registry improved data quality by correcting racial misclassification, allowing for a comprehensive description of injury patterns for the AI/ @entity3 population. AI/ @entity3 sustained more severe injuries with similar postinjury outcomes to caucasians. Future efforts should focus on primary prevention for this population, including increased use of seat belts and @entity0 safety seats and reduction of interpersonal violence and suicide.

title: Uncovering a missing demographic in @entity1 registries: epidemiology of XXXX among American Indians and Alaska Natives in Washington State.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Essential @entity6 (ET) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are common @entity1 in elderly @entity0 , and some features of ET and @entity4 may overlap. Quantitative analysis of @entity7 may be useful in differentiating @entity3 . The aim of this study was to identify the volumetric differences of subcortical structures in @entity0 with ET and @entity4 @entity6 using an automated segmentation method. METHODS: Volumetric MRIs were obtained in 45 @entity0 with ET, 45 @entity0 with @entity4 @entity6 , and 45 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The volume of the different brain structures was measured by the automated segmentation method (FreeSurfer). RESULTS: Volumetric data obtained with automated segmentation of cerebral regions showed a significant @entity5 of the cerebellum in @entity0 with ET. @entity2 of ET @entity0 was more significant in the white matter than in the grey matter, and it was noted only in @entity0 with ET having a head @entity6 . No volumetric differences were found between the @entity4 group and the control group. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that volumetric differences in subcortical structures using whole brain segmentation method may help to differentiate ET from @entity4 @entity6 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Comparison of the Brain Volume in Essential @entity6 and @entity4 XXXX Using an Automated Segmentation Method.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Essential @entity6 (ET) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are common @entity1 in elderly @entity0 , and some features of ET and @entity4 may overlap. Quantitative analysis of @entity7 may be useful in differentiating @entity3 . The aim of this study was to identify the volumetric differences of subcortical structures in @entity0 with ET and @entity4 @entity6 using an automated segmentation method. METHODS: Volumetric MRIs were obtained in 45 @entity0 with ET, 45 @entity0 with @entity4 @entity6 , and 45 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The volume of the different brain structures was measured by the automated segmentation method (FreeSurfer). RESULTS: Volumetric data obtained with automated segmentation of cerebral regions showed a significant @entity5 of the cerebellum in @entity0 with ET. @entity2 of ET @entity0 was more significant in the white matter than in the grey matter, and it was noted only in @entity0 with ET having a head @entity6 . No volumetric differences were found between the @entity4 group and the control group. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that volumetric differences in subcortical structures using whole brain segmentation method may help to differentiate ET from @entity4 @entity6 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Comparison of the Brain Volume in Essential XXXX and @entity4 @entity6 Using an Automated Segmentation Method.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Essential @entity6 (ET) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are common @entity1 in elderly @entity0 , and some features of ET and @entity4 may overlap. Quantitative analysis of @entity7 may be useful in differentiating @entity3 . The aim of this study was to identify the volumetric differences of subcortical structures in @entity0 with ET and @entity4 @entity6 using an automated segmentation method. METHODS: Volumetric MRIs were obtained in 45 @entity0 with ET, 45 @entity0 with @entity4 @entity6 , and 45 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The volume of the different brain structures was measured by the automated segmentation method (FreeSurfer). RESULTS: Volumetric data obtained with automated segmentation of cerebral regions showed a significant @entity5 of the cerebellum in @entity0 with ET. @entity2 of ET @entity0 was more significant in the white matter than in the grey matter, and it was noted only in @entity0 with ET having a head @entity6 . No volumetric differences were found between the @entity4 group and the control group. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that volumetric differences in subcortical structures using whole brain segmentation method may help to differentiate ET from @entity4 @entity6 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Comparison of the Brain Volume in Essential @entity6 and XXXX @entity6 Using an Automated Segmentation Method.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has been managed in several ways as documented in the literature, with little success, though. The aim of our study was to report for the first time in literature the use of aflibercept in a @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity3 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old @entity0 presented for @entity2 in his right eye. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 3/10 in his right eye and 7/10 in his left eye. Physical examination and appropriate laboratory tests lead to the diagnosis of bilateral @entity4 with @entity3 . Retinal thickness in the foveal area of the right eye was 631   m. The @entity0 was treated with a single intravitreal injection of 0.05  ml/0.5  mg aflibercept. One month later, BCVA of the right eye increased to 4/10, while BCVA of the left eye was unchanged. @entity1 in the right eye decreased to 129   m. Multifocal electroretinogram response did not improve, yet peaks were better-shaped and no areas of eccentral vision were present. Three and six months after injection, these improvements were maintained. CONCLUSION: This first-reported case indicates that intravitreal aflibercept injection for addressing @entity3 in @entity4 seems to be an effective treatment.

title: Intravitreal aflibercept (Eylea) injection for cystoid macular edema secondary to XXXX - a first case report and short review of the literature.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Recent technological progress in the multiband echo planer imaging (MB EPI) technique enables accelerated MR diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and allows whole brain, multi-b-value diffusion imaging to be acquired within a clinically feasible time. However, its applications at 7  T have been limited due to B1 field inhomogeneity and increased susceptibility artifact. It is an ongoing debate whether DWI at 7  T can be performed properly in @entity0 , and a systematic SNR comparison for multiband spin-echo EPI between 3  T and 7  T has not been methodically studied. The goal of this study was to use MB EPI at 7  T in order to obtain 90-directional multi-shell DWI within a clinically feasible acquisition time for @entity0 with @entity2 . This study included an SNR comparison between 3  T and 7  T, and the application of B1 mapping and distortion correction procedures for reducing the impact of variations in B0 and B1. The optimized multiband sequence was applied in 20 @entity0 with @entity2 to generate both DTI and NODDI maps for comparison of values in @entity1 and normal appearing white matter (NAWM). Our SNR analysis showed that MB EPI at 7  T was comparable to that at 3  T, and the data quality acquired in @entity0 was clinically acceptable. NODDI maps provided unique contrast within the T2 lesion that was not seen in anatomical images or DTI maps. Such contrast may reflect the complexity of tissue compositions associated with disease progression and treatment effects. The ability to consistently obtain high quality diffusion data at 7  T will contribute towards the implementation of a comprehensive brain MRI examination at ultra-high field.

title: Clinically feasible NODDI characterization of XXXX using multiband EPI at 7  T.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare subjective ultrasound assessment and the ADNEX model with ultrasound-guided tru-cut biopsy to differentiate disseminated primary @entity2 from metastatic @entity2 . METHODS: This was a prospective study including 143 consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 of unknown primary origin, with a @entity4 /carcinosis. @entity0 underwent either transvaginal or transrectal ultrasound as well as transabdominal ultrasound examination followed by tru-cut biopsy. The ultrasound examiner assessed @entity1 morphology, spread in the pelvis and abdomen, and predicted @entity1 origin as primary ovarian or metastatic using both subjective assessment and the ADNEX model. Histology from tru-cut biopsy served as the gold standard for assessment of diagnostic accuracy. Biopsy adequacy and the complication rate were assessed. RESULTS: Tru-cut biopsy was performed transvaginally in 131/143 (92%) @entity0 . Two @entity0 needed inpatient care (one had @entity5 , and one @entity3 ). Biopsy resulted in a conclusive diagnosis in 126/143 (88%) @entity0 , amongst whom cytoreductive surgery was performed in 30/126 confirming the diagnosis in all cases. @entity2 was found in 37/126 (29%) @entity0 and primary @entity2 in 89/126 (71%) @entity0 . Subjective ultrasound evaluation had a sensitivity of 82% (73/89) and a specificity of 70% (26/37) in predicting primary @entity2 . The ADNEX model had an area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve of 0.891 (95% CI, 0.794-0.946) (in @entity0 with an @entity6 , n   =   104). Tumor origin was associated with age, @entity7 , previous @entity1 , presence of omental cake and @entity1 mobility. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective ultrasound assessment and the ADNEX model can both be used to predict whether a @entity4 is metastatic and of non-ovarian origin, indicating the need for tru-cut biopsy, which is associated with very few complications and will provide a conclusive diagnosis in nine out of 10 @entity0 . Copyright    2015 ISUOG.

title: Subjective ultrasound assessment, the ADNEX model and ultrasound-guided tru-cut biopsy to differentiate disseminated primary XXXX from metastatic @entity2 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare subjective ultrasound assessment and the ADNEX model with ultrasound-guided tru-cut biopsy to differentiate disseminated primary @entity2 from metastatic @entity2 . METHODS: This was a prospective study including 143 consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 of unknown primary origin, with a @entity4 /carcinosis. @entity0 underwent either transvaginal or transrectal ultrasound as well as transabdominal ultrasound examination followed by tru-cut biopsy. The ultrasound examiner assessed @entity1 morphology, spread in the pelvis and abdomen, and predicted @entity1 origin as primary ovarian or metastatic using both subjective assessment and the ADNEX model. Histology from tru-cut biopsy served as the gold standard for assessment of diagnostic accuracy. Biopsy adequacy and the complication rate were assessed. RESULTS: Tru-cut biopsy was performed transvaginally in 131/143 (92%) @entity0 . Two @entity0 needed inpatient care (one had @entity5 , and one @entity3 ). Biopsy resulted in a conclusive diagnosis in 126/143 (88%) @entity0 , amongst whom cytoreductive surgery was performed in 30/126 confirming the diagnosis in all cases. @entity2 was found in 37/126 (29%) @entity0 and primary @entity2 in 89/126 (71%) @entity0 . Subjective ultrasound evaluation had a sensitivity of 82% (73/89) and a specificity of 70% (26/37) in predicting primary @entity2 . The ADNEX model had an area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve of 0.891 (95% CI, 0.794-0.946) (in @entity0 with an @entity6 , n   =   104). Tumor origin was associated with age, @entity7 , previous @entity1 , presence of omental cake and @entity1 mobility. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective ultrasound assessment and the ADNEX model can both be used to predict whether a @entity4 is metastatic and of non-ovarian origin, indicating the need for tru-cut biopsy, which is associated with very few complications and will provide a conclusive diagnosis in nine out of 10 @entity0 . Copyright    2015 ISUOG.

title: Subjective ultrasound assessment, the ADNEX model and ultrasound-guided tru-cut biopsy to differentiate disseminated primary @entity2 from metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in preschool @entity0 are common and can have long-term adverse consequences if not detected and treated early. This study investigated the knowledge, training and practice of primary health-care practitioners in the identification and management of @entity1 in preschool-aged @entity0 . A cross-sectional survey of 277 primary health-care practitioners in the Inner West and South West Sydney was undertaken. The majority of practitioners surveyed understood the importance of early identification of @entity1 . Eight per cent ofpractitioners correctly identified all of the 'red flags' for verbal and non-verbal communication. The majority (80%) correctly described the management of a typical case presentation. Two-thirds of practitioners reported using a tool in their practice for developmental surveillance, but the quality of surveillance tools was variable. One-third felt their training in this area was poor and 90% indicated they would like further training. Barriers to referral included waiting times, availability and cost of services. We concluded that primary health-care practitioners are aware that @entity1 are significant and they need to be identified early. There are opportunities for further training and promoting high-quality developmental surveillance in primary care. In addition, there are broader health system issues that include promotion of an integrated response to the detection and management of @entity1 .

title: How do primary health-care practitioners identify and manage communication impairments in preschool XXXX ?

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is a theoretical risk of adverse events following immunization with a preservative-free, 2-dose vial formulation of 10-valent-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10). We set out to measure this risk. Four population-based surveillance sites in Kenya (total annual birth cohort of 11,500 @entity0 ) were used to conduct a 2-year post-introduction vaccine safety study of PCV10. Injection-site abscesses occurring within 7 days following vaccine administration were clinically diagnosed in all study sites (passive facility-based surveillance) and, also, detected by caregiver-reported symptoms of swelling plus discharge in two sites (active household-based surveillance). Abscess risk was expressed as the number of abscesses per 100,000 injections and was compared for the second vs first vial dose of PCV10 and for PCV10 vs pentavalent vaccine (comparator). A total of 58,288 PCV10 injections were recorded, including 24,054 and 19,702 identified as first and second vial doses, respectively (14,532 unknown vial dose). The risk ratio for @entity1 following injection with the second (41 per 100,000) vs first (33 per 100,000) vial dose of PCV10 was 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37-4.06). The comparator vaccine was changed from a 2-dose to 10-dose presentation midway through the study. The matched odds ratios for @entity1 following PCV10 were 1.00 (95% CI 0.12-8.56) and 0.27 (95% CI 0.14-0.54) when compared to the 2-dose and 10-dose pentavalent vaccine presentations, respectively. In Kenya immunization with PCV10 was not associated with an increased risk of injection site @entity1 , providing confidence that the vaccine may be safely used in Africa. The relatively higher risk of @entity1 following the 10-dose presentation of pentavalent vaccine merits further study.

title: Risk of Injection-Site Abscess among XXXX Receiving a Preservative-Free, Two-Dose Vial Formulation of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Kenya.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: An outbreak of @entity4 was observed in the cultures of bronchial aspirations. After systematic culturing of the scopes and reprocessing the equipment, it turned out to be a pseudo-outbreak caused by a failure of the disinfector to sterilize ultrasound scopes, subsequently resulting in @entity0 of the bronchoscopes via the connecting tubes in the dryer. OBJECTIVES: To support the above-mentioned findings and to show how different variables influence the decontamination process. METHODS: The ultrasound scopes were deliberately contaminated with test soil and subsequently disinfected with @entity2 ( @entity3 ), @entity1 (GA) and hot water. Cultures were taken immediately after disinfection and after 4 days in the drying cabinet. RESULTS: After disinfection with @entity3 , persistent contamination was observed in the endobronchial ultrasound scope, and after disinfection with @entity3 and prolonged storage in the drying cabinet, contamination of the endoscopic ultrasound scope persisted. All ultrasound scopes were effectively disinfected with GA. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that disinfection with @entity3 fails to decontaminate the small channels of the ultrasound scopes. Prolonged storage in humid conditions seems to enhance the outgrowth of microorganisms. By reassignment of all endoscopes to fixed locations in the drying cabinet, by using disposable connector tubes for the balloon channels, and by using GA instead of @entity3 , the reprocessing procedure in our hospital was corrected effectively.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: The Identification of XXXX Contamination in Ultrasound Endoscopes and Reproduction of Decontamination Failure by Deliberate Soiling Tests.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is rare in young @entity0 and neonates. Continuous subcutaneous @entity2 infusion (CSII) is used most frequently for @entity2 treatment in this age group. However, the individual doctor's experience is scarce because of the low prevalence of @entity1 in this age. For this study @entity0 treated with CSII with an age below 1 year were selected from the German/Austrian @entity1 ( @entity1 ) database, and basal rate and bolus calculation were described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For all @entity0 less than 1 year of age, basal rate and mealtime boluses were compared among @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and infants with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity0 with @entity1 , 67 neonates with @entity1 , and 43 @entity0 with early @entity1 development after 6 months and negative b-cell antibodies ( @entity1 ) could be analyzed. @entity1 @entity0 at onset required a median total @entity2 amount of 0.83   IU/kg of body weight, whereas @entity1 @entity0 required 0.74   IU/kg of body weight (P   =   0.63). Basal @entity2 requirement however, was different between the two groups (0.56   IU/kg of body weight in @entity1 vs. 0.43   IU/kg in @entity1 ) (P   =   0.036). The percentage basal profile of @entity1 and @entity1 @entity0 was quite similar to @entity0 at the age of 1-5 years. The proportion of prandial @entity2 at onset was significantly different (32% in @entity1 vs. 53% in @entity1 ) (P   <   0.00001). @entity1 @entity0 showed almost similar data to @entity1 @entity0 . The pattern of mealtime bolus @entity2 was not different among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The presented data can be used as an initial guide value to start CSII treatment in neonates and @entity0 . To be on the safe side we recommend the lower quartile for the dosage as the starting value in nonketotic @entity0 .

title: Continuous Subcutaneous XXXX Infusion in Neonates and @entity0 Below 1 Year: Analysis of Initial Bolus and Basal Rate Based on the Experiences from the German Working Group for Pediatric Pump Treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is rare in young @entity0 and neonates. Continuous subcutaneous @entity2 infusion (CSII) is used most frequently for @entity2 treatment in this age group. However, the individual doctor's experience is scarce because of the low prevalence of @entity1 in this age. For this study @entity0 treated with CSII with an age below 1 year were selected from the German/Austrian @entity1 ( @entity1 ) database, and basal rate and bolus calculation were described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For all @entity0 less than 1 year of age, basal rate and mealtime boluses were compared among @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and infants with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity0 with @entity1 , 67 neonates with @entity1 , and 43 @entity0 with early @entity1 development after 6 months and negative b-cell antibodies ( @entity1 ) could be analyzed. @entity1 @entity0 at onset required a median total @entity2 amount of 0.83   IU/kg of body weight, whereas @entity1 @entity0 required 0.74   IU/kg of body weight (P   =   0.63). Basal @entity2 requirement however, was different between the two groups (0.56   IU/kg of body weight in @entity1 vs. 0.43   IU/kg in @entity1 ) (P   =   0.036). The percentage basal profile of @entity1 and @entity1 @entity0 was quite similar to @entity0 at the age of 1-5 years. The proportion of prandial @entity2 at onset was significantly different (32% in @entity1 vs. 53% in @entity1 ) (P   <   0.00001). @entity1 @entity0 showed almost similar data to @entity1 @entity0 . The pattern of mealtime bolus @entity2 was not different among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The presented data can be used as an initial guide value to start CSII treatment in neonates and @entity0 . To be on the safe side we recommend the lower quartile for the dosage as the starting value in nonketotic @entity0 .

title: Continuous Subcutaneous @entity2 Infusion in Neonates and XXXX Below 1 Year: Analysis of Initial Bolus and Basal Rate Based on the Experiences from the German Working Group for Pediatric Pump Treatment.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cellulose producing bacteria were isolated from fruit samples and kombucha tea (a fermented beverage) using @entity3 solution in modified Watanabe and Yamanaka medium to inhibit @entity0 and molds. Six bacterial strains showing cellulose production were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as @entity5 DFBT, Ga. xylinus strain dfr-1, @entity4 dfr-2, @entity4 dfr-3, Acetobacter orientalis strain dfr-4, and @entity5 intermedius strain dfr-5. All the cellulose-producing bacteria were checked for the cellulose yield. A potent cellulose-producing bacterium, i.e., Ga. xylinus strain DFBT based on yield (cellulose yield 5.6  g/L) was selected for further studies. Cellulose was also produced in non- conventional media such as pineapple juice medium and hydrolysed @entity1 starch medium. A very high yield of 9.1  g/L cellulose was obtained in pineapple juice medium. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) analysis of the bacterial cellulose showed the characteristic peaks. Soft cellulose with a very high water holding capacity was produced using limited aeration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the surface characteristics of normal bacterial cellulose and soft cellulose. The structural analysis of the polymer was performed using @entity2 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). More interfibrillar space was observed in the case of soft cellulose as compared to normal cellulose. This soft cellulose can find potential applications in the food industry as it can be swallowed easily without chewing.

title: Occurrence of Cellulose-Producing XXXX spp. in Fruit Samples and Kombucha Tea, and Production of the Biopolymer.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Influencing the general public response to pandemics is a public health priority. There is a prevailing view, however, that the general public is resistant to communications on pandemic @entity2 and that behavioural responses to the 2009/10 H1N1 pandemic were not sufficient. Using qualitative methods, this paper investigates how members of the general public respond to pandemic @entity2 and the hygiene, social isolation and other measures proposed by public health. Going beyond the commonly deployed notion that the general public is resistant to public health communications, this paper examines how health individualism, gender and real world constraints enable and limit individual action. METHODS: In-depth interviews (n = 57) and focus groups (ten focus groups; 59 individuals) were conducted with community samples in Melbourne, Sydney and Glasgow. @entity0 were selected according to maximum variation sampling using purposive criteria, including: 1) pregnancy in 2009/2010; 2) @entity1 ; 3) aged 70 years and over; 4) no disclosed health problems. Verbatim transcripts were subjected to inductive, thematic analysis. RESULTS: Respondents did not express resistance to public health communications, but gave insight into how they interpreted and implemented guidance. An individualistic approach to pandemic risk predominated. The uptake of hygiene, social isolation and vaccine strategies was constrained by seeing oneself 'at risk' but not 'a risk' to others. Gender norms shape how members of the general public enact hygiene and social isolation. Other challenges pertained to over-reliance on perceived remoteness from risk, expectation of recovery from infection and practical constraints on the uptake of vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, respondents were engaged with public health advice regarding pandemic @entity2 , indicating that the idea of public resistance has limited explanatory power. Public communications are endorsed, but challenges persist. Individualistic approaches to pandemic risk inhibit acting for the benefit of others and may deepen divisions in the community according to health status. Public communications on pandemics are mediated by gender norms that may overburden @entity0 and limit the action of @entity0 . Social research on the public response to pandemics needs to focus on the social structures and real world settings and relationships that shape the action of individuals.

title: Beyond resistance: social factors in the general public response to pandemic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 with single sided @entity2 may report about a taste dysfunction apart from the well known cardinal symptoms. Very few data are published so far on that topic. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of microsurgery for @entity2 on taste perception prospectively using a well validated taste test. 25 @entity0 could be included in the study. No ageusia was claimed by the @entity0 . In average a decrease of the taste score postoperatively could be detected on the @entity1 as well as on the non treated side. The differences were not statistically significant. But a subgroup of    of the subjects revealed a new onset of side difference in the taste score that was not present before surgery. In all those cases the treated side showed a clinically significant reduced taste score of 6,2 in average. Within this subgroup the temporal access was overpresented in contrast to the whole group. This may indicate an influence of the choosen approach and that for the position of the @entity1 to the change of the taste score. The observations should be verified on a greater collective.

title: [Impact of Microsurgical Exstirpation of XXXX on the Sense of Taste].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Childhood-onset @entity7 (cSLE) is a multisystem @entity5 characterized by @entity6 affecting @entity0 less than 18 years old. One-fifth of @entity7 cases are diagnosed during childhood. cSLE presents differently from adults and has a more severe and aggressive course. We describe the clinical and antibody profiles in our cSLE Singapore cohort. All cSLE @entity0 who satisfied the 1997 American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria were captured in our lupus registry from January 2009 to January 2014. Data including demographic, cumulative clinical, serologic data, and damage indices were collected. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) was used to summarize disease activity over multiple visits. Cluster analysis using non-hierarchical K-means procedure was performed on eight selected antibodies. The 64 @entity0 (female:male ratio 5:1; Chinese 45.3%, Malay 28.1%, Indian 9.4%, and other races 17.2%) had a mean onset age of 11.5 years (range 2.1-16.7) and mean age at diagnosis was 11.9 years (range 2.6-18.0). Our study demonstrated differences in clinical manifestations for which hematologic involvement was the most common manifestation with @entity1 and uncommon neurologic manifestation as compared to other cSLE cohorts reported in our region. Antibody clusters were identified in our cohort but their clinical association/discrimination and outcome prediction required further validation study. Outcomes of our cohort in regard to disease activity after therapy and organ damages were comparable if not better to other cSLE cohorts elsewhere. @entity4 -related damage, including symptomatic @entity9 and @entity3 , were not uncommon locally. Infection remains the major cause of @entity2 for the continent. Nevertheless, the five year survival rate of our cohort (98.4%) was high.

title: Childhood-onset XXXX in Singapore: clinical phenotypes, disease activity, damage, and autoantibody profiles.

answer: @entity7


abstract: AIMS: To estimate efficacy and treatment satisfaction with @entity2 0.2 mg in @entity0 with symptomatic @entity1 obstruction secondary to benign prostatic enlargement and lower urinary tract symptoms in relation to personal satisfaction. METHODS: The study was conducted in 1,260 subjects who were asked to fill in detailed questionnaires designed to evaluate their satisfaction with the treatment and symptom improvement 8 weeks after receiving @entity2 0.2 mg. RESULTS: After being treated with @entity2 0.2 mg for 8 weeks, the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) score improved significantly. Among the 1,260 @entity0 , 813 (64.52%) were satisfied, while 447 (35.48%) were dissatisfied with @entity2 0.2 mg. The reasons for @entity0 dissatisfaction were efficacy problems (79.87%) and side effects (4.25%). Treatment satisfaction was affected by age, underlying medical disease and baseline IPSS severity (p = 0.020, 0.0427 and <0.001, respectively), but only age and baseline IPSS were risk factors for dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 0.2 mg was effective in symptomatic improvement, but a relatively high proportion of @entity0 were dissatisfied with the treatment. Efficacy problems were selected by @entity0 as the main reason for dissatisfaction. It is also significant to note that the degree of satisfaction was related to age and baseline IPSS severity.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Assessment of XXXX 0.2 mg for Symptomatic Bladder Outlet Obstruction Secondary to Benign Prostatic Enlargement: Data from a Korean Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Syagrus coronata, a native palm tree of the Brazilian semi-arid region, exhibits low germinability due to seed dormancy. This study aimed to increase the germinability, analyze the morphology of seedlings and evaluate the performance of young plants under a water deficit. We used immersion in water and @entity2 (GA3) as @entity1 (seed with endocarp) pre-germination treatments, and we analyzed the water relations, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and @entity0 balance components of young plants under drought and rehydration conditions. The immersion of @entity4 in 0.3  mM @entity3 solution for 24  h enhanced the emergence and survival of plants and the emergence rate index. The germination of S.  coronata is of the remote tubular type, and seedling growth originates with the protrusion of the cotyledon petiole, followed by the subsequent emergence of the root, leaf sheaths and eophyll. The plants exhibited high tolerance to no irrigation for 37  days, which was attributed to strong stomatal control, a higher proportion of energy dissipation and a higher content of photoprotective pigments. Despite the reduced stomatal conductance (regardless of soil water availability), the photosynthetic rate remained high throughout the day, which indicated a low correlation between these two parameters. After rehydration, we observed that both the leaf water content and photosynthesis recovered, which showed an absence of irreversible damage of the photosynthetic apparatus. The use of 0.3  mM GA3 is recommended as a treatment for overcoming seed dormancy in this species. Young S.  coronata plants showed high tolerance during drought and resilience after rehydration by adjusting their leaf metabolism, which could explain the endemism of this species in semi-arid regions and its ability to remain evergreen throughout the year. Furthermore, with high photosynthetic rate in the most favorable time of day, even under drought stress.

title: Overcoming seed dormancy using XXXX and the performance of young Syagrus coronata plants under severe drought stress and recovery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is an important cause of irreversible @entity6 . This study describes the characteristics of a large, diverse group of @entity3 @entity0 and evaluates associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and @entity6 . METHODS: Data were gathered via retrospective chart review of @entity0 (N = 1,454) who were seen between July 2007 and July 2010 by @entity3 service providers at Duke Eye Center. Visual acuity and @entity2 were used to determine whether @entity0 met the criteria for @entity6 . Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed on the @entity3 @entity0 who were not blind (n = 1,258) and those who were blind (n = 196). A subgroup analysis of only those @entity0 with primary @entity5 was also performed. RESULTS: In this tertiary care population, 13% (n = 196) of @entity3 @entity0 met criteria for @entity6 , nearly one-half of whom (n = 94) were blind from @entity3 , and another one-third of whom (n = 69) had @entity3 -related @entity6 . The most common @entity3 diagnosis at all levels of vision was primary @entity5 . A larger proportion of black @entity0 compared with white @entity0 demonstrated @entity4 ; the odds ratio (OR) for @entity6 was 2.25 (95% CI, 1.6-3.2) for black @entity0 compared with white @entity0 . The use of systemic antihypertensive medications was higher among @entity0 who were blind compared with @entity0 who were not blind (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4-3.1). A subgroup analysis including only @entity0 with primary @entity5 showed similar results for both black race and use of systemic antihypertensive medications. The relationship between use of systemic antihypertensive medications and @entity6 was not different between black @entity0 and white @entity0 (interaction P = .268). LIMITATIONS: Data were based on chart review, and associations may be confounded by unmeasured factors. CONCLUSIONS: Treated systemic @entity1 may be correlated with @entity6 , and the cause cannot be explained solely by race. In addition, this study demonstrated that there is continued disparity between black @entity0 and white @entity0 with regards to @entity6 from @entity3 .

title: XXXX at a Tertiary Eye Care Center.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is one of the most common @entity2 in the world with a high mortality rate. We analyzed 45 surgical samples of the @entity5 , 13 with lymph node @entity1 . APC, @entity7 , @entity11 , @entity19 (LP34), @entity10 , @entity13 , @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity17 , @entity9 , Ki67, @entity14 , @entity16 , @entity8 , RB and @entity15 expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Higher Ki67, APC, @entity17 expressions and lower @entity15 expression were identified in advanced stages (IIA and IIIA) of @entity5 , which reflect a more @entity4 , less differentiated, possibly a non-TRU @entity5 . Acinar, micropapillary and BA/ @entity5 patterns were the most similar patterns and papillary was the most different pattern followed by solid pattern, according to expression of these markers. Different @entity5 patterns are engaged with different molecular pathways for @entity3 , based on the differences of expression. Acinar, BA/lepidic and micropapillary showed higher @entity15 expression (type TRU), and papillary and solid patterns revealed less @entity15 expression, exhibiting a non-TRU/bronchial phenotype. Solid pattern revealed lower @entity9 and higher @entity6 and @entity17 (this compared to papillary) expression; papillary higher @entity9 and lower @entity17 expressions; micropapillary higher RB expression; and acinar lower @entity17 and higher @entity6 expressions. Ciclin D1 seems to have more importance in acinar and BA/lepidic patterns than in micropapillary. @entity17 protein expression in micropapillary, solid and BA/lepidic patterns may indicate DNA repair activation. Inhibition of apoptosis could be explained by @entity7 overexpression, present in all @entity5 patterns. @entity18 and @entity14 were overexpressed in all patterns, which may have implications for drug resistance. Further studies are needed to interpret these data regarding to therapy response in advanced staged @entity0 .

title: XXXX subtyping relates with different molecular pathways.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammation-related enteric @entity8 has been postulated as a cause for abdominal symptoms in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We investigated the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging-quantified @entity1 ( @entity1 ) motility, inflammatory activity, and @entity0 symptom burden. METHODS: The Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI) and fecal calprotectin were prospectively measured in 53 @entity0 with @entity2 (median age, 35; range, 18-78 years) the day before magnetic resonance enterography, which included a dynamic (cine), breath-hold motility sequence, repeated to encompass the whole @entity1 volume. A validated registration-based motility quantitation technique produced motility maps, and regions of interest were drawn to include all morphologically normal @entity1 (i.e., excluding diseased bowel). @entity7 was correlated with calprotectin, HBI, and symptom components (well-being, @entity4 , and @entity5 ). Adjustment for age, sex, smoking, and surgical history was made using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Median calprotectin was 336 (range, 0-1280). Median HBI, motility mean, and motility variance were 3 (range, 0-16), 0.33 (0.18-0.51), and 0.01 (0.0014-0.034), respectively. Motility variance was significantly negatively correlated with @entity6 (rho = -0.33, P = 0.015), total HBI (rho = -0.45, P < 0.001), well-being (rho = -0.4, P = 0.003), @entity4 (rho = -0.27, P = 0.05), and @entity5 (rho = -0.4, P = 0.0025). The associations remained highly significant after adjusting for covariates. There was no association between mean motility and calprotectin or HBI (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced motility variance in morphologically normal @entity1 is associated with @entity0 symptoms and fecal calprotectin levels, supporting the hypothesis that @entity3 -related enteric @entity8 may explain refractory abdominal symptoms in @entity2 .

title: Aberrant Motility in Unaffected Small Bowel is Linked to Inflammatory Burden and @entity0 Symptoms in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammation-related enteric @entity8 has been postulated as a cause for abdominal symptoms in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We investigated the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging-quantified @entity1 ( @entity1 ) motility, inflammatory activity, and @entity0 symptom burden. METHODS: The Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI) and fecal calprotectin were prospectively measured in 53 @entity0 with @entity2 (median age, 35; range, 18-78 years) the day before magnetic resonance enterography, which included a dynamic (cine), breath-hold motility sequence, repeated to encompass the whole @entity1 volume. A validated registration-based motility quantitation technique produced motility maps, and regions of interest were drawn to include all morphologically normal @entity1 (i.e., excluding diseased bowel). @entity7 was correlated with calprotectin, HBI, and symptom components (well-being, @entity4 , and @entity5 ). Adjustment for age, sex, smoking, and surgical history was made using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Median calprotectin was 336 (range, 0-1280). Median HBI, motility mean, and motility variance were 3 (range, 0-16), 0.33 (0.18-0.51), and 0.01 (0.0014-0.034), respectively. Motility variance was significantly negatively correlated with @entity6 (rho = -0.33, P = 0.015), total HBI (rho = -0.45, P < 0.001), well-being (rho = -0.4, P = 0.003), @entity4 (rho = -0.27, P = 0.05), and @entity5 (rho = -0.4, P = 0.0025). The associations remained highly significant after adjusting for covariates. There was no association between mean motility and calprotectin or HBI (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced motility variance in morphologically normal @entity1 is associated with @entity0 symptoms and fecal calprotectin levels, supporting the hypothesis that @entity3 -related enteric @entity8 may explain refractory abdominal symptoms in @entity2 .

title: Aberrant Motility in Unaffected Small Bowel is Linked to Inflammatory Burden and XXXX Symptoms in @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neonates are at high risk of @entity6 and of resulting @entity1 . Early recognition of neonates at risk of poor prognosis would be helpful in providing timely management. From January 2008 to June 2014, we enrolled 232 term neonates with @entity8 admitted to 3 neonatology departments in Shanghai, China. The clinical status on the day of discharge from these hospitals or at a postnatal age of 2.5 to 3 months was evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). @entity0 were classified into two outcome groups: good (167 cases, 72.0%, GOS = 5) or poor (65 cases, 28.0%, GOS = 1-4). Neonates with good outcome had less frequent @entity4 , drowsiness, poor feeding, bulging fontanelle, @entity3 and more severe @entity7 compared to neonates with poor outcome. The good outcome group also had less @entity2 than the poor outcome group. Besides, there were statistically significant differences in hemoglobin, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, C-reaction protein, procalcitonin, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity5 and CSF protein. Multivariate logistic regression analyses suggested that poor feeding, @entity2 and CSF protein were the predictors of poor outcome. CSF protein content was significantly higher in @entity0 with poor outcome. The best cut-offs for predicting poor outcome were 1,880 mg/L in CSF protein concentration (sensitivity 70.8%, specificity 86.2%). After 2 weeks of treatment, CSF protein remained higher in the poor outcome group. High CSF protein concentration may prognosticate poor outcome in neonates with @entity8 .

title: Clinical Prognosis in Neonatal XXXX : The Role of Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is a histone substitute protein that specifically binds to the CCAAT box of the target genes and thereby promotes their regulation. NF-Y transcription factor, with defined CCAAT element-binding activities, target a gene family that encodes a group of basic helix-loop-helix ID factors ( @entity3 - @entity6 ), with or without CCAAT box at their promoter region. In this study, the expressions of NF-Y in mRNA and protein level were evaluated in a @entity0 @entity1 cell line, named NTera2, before and after 7 days induction of differentiation. We also looked into expression levels of ID genes in NTera2 cells during differentiation because of their critical role in development. By using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with real-time polymerase chain reaction, NF-Y incorporation and acetylation/dimethylation of histone H3 at @entity2 9 (H3K9ac/me2) was quantitatively evaluated on the regulatory regions of considered genes to monitor the changes in epigenetic markers at ID gene promoters throughout differentiation. The results demonstrated a marked down-regulation of @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 genes, parallel to a loss of NF-Y binding to the promoters of these genes. The data show that although the genes encoding NF-Y complex remained expressed at mRNA level, NF-YC is lost at the protein level onset of differentiation. Additionally, the epigenetic marks of H3K9ac and H3K9me2 at the target gene promoters decreased and increased, respectively, after 1 day of differentiation. It is suggested that, in the absence of NF-Y binding, the corresponding regions adopt a heterochromatic nature, whereas when NF-Y comes back after 7 days of differentiation, the @entity3 -3 promoters become again converted into active chromatin. The @entity6 gene, lacking a CCAAT box, behaves differently and does not show any incorporation. This experiment implies for the first time that the presence of NF-Y transcription factor plays a pivotal role in transcriptional regulation of ID genes in development.    2015 IUBMB Life, 2015.

title: Epigenetic role of CCAAT box-binding transcription factor NF-Y on ID gene family in @entity0 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is a histone substitute protein that specifically binds to the CCAAT box of the target genes and thereby promotes their regulation. NF-Y transcription factor, with defined CCAAT element-binding activities, target a gene family that encodes a group of basic helix-loop-helix ID factors ( @entity3 - @entity6 ), with or without CCAAT box at their promoter region. In this study, the expressions of NF-Y in mRNA and protein level were evaluated in a @entity0 @entity1 cell line, named NTera2, before and after 7 days induction of differentiation. We also looked into expression levels of ID genes in NTera2 cells during differentiation because of their critical role in development. By using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with real-time polymerase chain reaction, NF-Y incorporation and acetylation/dimethylation of histone H3 at @entity2 9 (H3K9ac/me2) was quantitatively evaluated on the regulatory regions of considered genes to monitor the changes in epigenetic markers at ID gene promoters throughout differentiation. The results demonstrated a marked down-regulation of @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 genes, parallel to a loss of NF-Y binding to the promoters of these genes. The data show that although the genes encoding NF-Y complex remained expressed at mRNA level, NF-YC is lost at the protein level onset of differentiation. Additionally, the epigenetic marks of H3K9ac and H3K9me2 at the target gene promoters decreased and increased, respectively, after 1 day of differentiation. It is suggested that, in the absence of NF-Y binding, the corresponding regions adopt a heterochromatic nature, whereas when NF-Y comes back after 7 days of differentiation, the @entity3 -3 promoters become again converted into active chromatin. The @entity6 gene, lacking a CCAAT box, behaves differently and does not show any incorporation. This experiment implies for the first time that the presence of NF-Y transcription factor plays a pivotal role in transcriptional regulation of ID genes in development.    2015 IUBMB Life, 2015.

title: Epigenetic role of CCAAT box-binding transcription factor NF-Y on ID gene family in XXXX @entity1 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the clinical use of acute-stage susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in @entity0 with prolonged @entity1 . METHODS: Ten @entity0 with prolonged @entity1 who underwent SWI within 2 h after termination of @entity1 (acute-stage SWI group) and 15 control @entity0 who underwent SWI >   2 h after their @entity1 terminated or for other purposes were enrolled. The cerebral venous vasculature was compared between the groups. The acute-stage SWI group was further divided into three subgroups: normal group, those with regional low signals in the cerebral veins (regional group) and those with diffuse low signals in the cerebral veins (generalized group). Inter-ictal electroencephalography (EEG) and venous blood gas findings during @entity1 activity were compared between these subgroups. RESULTS: All @entity0 in the acute-stage SWI group had low cerebral vein signal. Four @entity0 were assigned to the regional group and six @entity0 to the generalized group. @entity2 and the increase of venous pCO2 during @entity1 activity was more prominent in the regional group than in the generalized group. In the regional group, low-signal areas in the cerebral veins were consistent with abnormal areas on EEG; these low-signal areas resolved completely in all @entity0 on follow-up SWI. Ten @entity0 in the control group had normal SWI, and five had a generalized low signal. CONCLUSIONS: Acute-stage SWI may be a useful alternative for identifying lateralization of @entity1 in @entity0 with prolonged @entity1 .

title: Susceptibility-weighted imaging in acute-stage pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been proven that @entity2 increases postoperative morbidity and mortality, and it may also negatively affect wound healing in the gastrointestinal tract. In the literature, there is only one study evaluating the effects of preoperative nutritional support on colonic anastomotic healing under malnourished conditions. In order to improve the data on this topic, an experimental study was planned to evaluate the effects of preoperative nutritional support on colonic anastomotic healing in malnourished @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 18 male @entity0 albino @entity0 divided into 3 groups. The control (C) group was fed ad libitum for 21 days. The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) group and preoperative nutrition (P) group were given 50% of the daily food consumed by the @entity0 in Group C for 21 days to induce @entity2 . At the end of 21 days, Group P was fed ad libitum for 7 days (preoperative nutritional support). Colonic transection and end-to-end anastomosis was performed at 21 days in Group C and Group @entity2 and at 28 days in Group P. The @entity0 were sacrificed at postoperative 4 days, anastomotic bursting pressure was measured, and samples were taken to analyze tissue @entity1 levels. RESULTS: Anastomotic bursting pressure was significantly higher in Group C than in Group @entity2 and Group P (p<0.05), and it was significantly higher in Group P than in Group @entity2 (p<0.05). Tissue @entity1 levels in Group P were found to be significantly higher than those in Group @entity2 and Group C (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: One week of preoperative nutritional support increases collagen synthesis in the colon and positively affects anastomotic healing under malnourished conditions.

title: Effects of preoperative nutritional support on colonic anastomotic healing in malnourished XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Pregnant @entity0 receive immunoglobulin preparations for the prevention of connatal viral @entity1 of the newborn in the case of impending or manifest maternal @entity1 . In the past, class G immunoglobulin preparations could only be given intramuscularly because of possible antigen independent complement activation by the Fc-part of the IgG molecule when administered intravenously. The I. M. application results in a delay in reaching maximum serum levels, and the levels are much lower compared to I. V. application. Today, I. V. tolerable IgG preparations exist because methods have been developed either to remove or to modify the IgG Fc-part. As the Fc-part is necessary for the placental transport of antibodies, the above mentioned manipulation can drastically impair the transport. In this study, an anti-HBs seronegative pregnant @entity0 received an anti-HBs IgG preparation (greater than or equal to 500 IU anti-HBs) intravenously. These IgG molecules are rendered I. V. tolerable by modification of the Fc-part with @entity2 (beta-PL). At delivery, the newborn's serum anti-HBs concentration was 13 mIU per ml, the mother's 35 mIU per ml. This result clearly demonstrates that IgG molecules which have been modified by treatment with beta-PL are transported from the circulation of the mother across the placenta to the fetus. The role of intravenously tolerable hyperimmunoglobulins with special respect to beta-PL treated preparations for the prevention of connatal @entity1 is discussed.

title: Placental transfer of class G immunoglobulins treated with XXXX (beta-PL) for intravenous application--a case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Severe @entity1 in pregnancy may be complicated by reduced placental perfusion and subsequent fetal deprivation. In the present study we have evaluated one fetal parameter that may thus be affected, namely fetal activity. The study group included @entity0 with @entity2 : 36 @entity0 with mild and 5 with severe disease. Each counted fetal movements 3 times a day and from this the daily fetal movement recording was calculated. One hundred and twenty @entity0 with normal pregnancies were the controls. The mild cases had fetal activity which was similar to that of the controls. The severe cases had reduced fetal activity, which was significant statistically at 29 to 32 weeks of gestation. Three in the severe disease group had marked decrease of fetal movements on admission to hospital. A return to normal fetal activity was observed following improvement of the maternal cardiac state. As was previously suggested for other high and low risk pregnancies, the maternal perception and counting of fetal movements may aid the fetal surveillance of @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Fetal activity in pregnancies complicated by XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Nephrotoxicity remains a major limitation in the use of @entity1 [ @entity1 ]. Although several strategies are in use to limit this serious side effect, none is fully satisfactory. Classical pharmacokinetic studies of @entity1 have been based on blood and urine samples. As nephrotoxicity plays a significant role in the design of the therapeutic strategy, the kidneys should be considered as a separate state in any model formulated for ultimate control purposes. Previous studies of organ pharmacokinetics have relied on population measurements. The authors have developed an organ compartmental model from individual animal data obtained noninvasively. The eight-compartment model used to represent the distribution of @entity1 considers free and bound @entity2 in plasma, @entity2 in the erythrocytes, mobile and bound @entity2 in the kidneys, mobile and bound @entity2 in the tissues, and @entity2 in the urine. Data were collected from experiments with anesthetized female @entity0 , after intravenous administration of [195mPt] @entity1 . Both arterial and bladder samples, and multiple images obtained with an Anger camera interfaced to a microcomputer were used. The model was estimated from individual data obtained after injection of a bolus of @entity1 (six animals). The model was validated by using it to predict data obtained from forcing the system with a different input function, a 0.5-h intravenous infusion (three animals). The results of this work show that it is possible to noninvasively study drug kinetics in organs that are not readily accessible to direct measurements in an individual, rather than relying on invasive measurements performed on a population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Noninvasive estimation of bound and mobile XXXX compounds in the kidney using a radiopharmacokinetic model.

answer: @entity2