abstract: It is assumed that @entity2 influences bone strength and risk of @entity3 by affecting @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, @entity2 may influence the mechanical strength of bones by altering the structural geometry in ways that may not be apparent in the density. Repeated dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) hip scan data were analyzed for bone density and structural geometry in elderly @entity0 participating in the @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Scans were studied with a hip structural analysis program for the effects of @entity2 replacement therapy (ERT) on @entity1 and structural geometry. Of the 3,964 @entity0 with ERT-use data, 588 used ERT at both the start and end of the approximately 3.5-year study, 1,203 had past use which was discontinued by clinic visit 4, and 2,163 @entity0 had never used ERT. All groups lost @entity1 at the femoral neck, but the reduced @entity1 among users of ERT was entirely due to subperiosteal expansion and not @entity4 , whereas both @entity4 and expansion occurred in past or nonusers. @entity1 increased 0.8%/year at the femoral shaft among ERT users but decreased 0.8%/year among nonusers. Section moduli increased at both the neck and shaft among ERT users but remained unchanged in past and nonusers. Current, but not past, use of @entity2 therapy in elderly @entity0 seems to increase mechanical strength of the proximal femur by improving its geometric properties. These effects are not evident from changes in femoral neck @entity1 .

title: Effects of current and discontinued XXXX replacement therapy on hip structural geometry: the study of @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: It is assumed that @entity2 influences bone strength and risk of @entity3 by affecting @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, @entity2 may influence the mechanical strength of bones by altering the structural geometry in ways that may not be apparent in the density. Repeated dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) hip scan data were analyzed for bone density and structural geometry in elderly @entity0 participating in the @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Scans were studied with a hip structural analysis program for the effects of @entity2 replacement therapy (ERT) on @entity1 and structural geometry. Of the 3,964 @entity0 with ERT-use data, 588 used ERT at both the start and end of the approximately 3.5-year study, 1,203 had past use which was discontinued by clinic visit 4, and 2,163 @entity0 had never used ERT. All groups lost @entity1 at the femoral neck, but the reduced @entity1 among users of ERT was entirely due to subperiosteal expansion and not @entity4 , whereas both @entity4 and expansion occurred in past or nonusers. @entity1 increased 0.8%/year at the femoral shaft among ERT users but decreased 0.8%/year among nonusers. Section moduli increased at both the neck and shaft among ERT users but remained unchanged in past and nonusers. Current, but not past, use of @entity2 therapy in elderly @entity0 seems to increase mechanical strength of the proximal femur by improving its geometric properties. These effects are not evident from changes in femoral neck @entity1 .

title: Effects of current and discontinued @entity2 replacement therapy on hip structural geometry: the study of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: An UV absorption and CD study of intestinal @entity1 -binding protein is presented. Since there are only two Trp residues in the molecule, two single-Trp mutants were prepared to deconvolute their signals. The individual contribution of the eight @entity0 and four Tyr residues was not established; however, @entity0 global contribution is relatively free of interferences from the other chromophores and was observed directly. CD spectra showed that @entity0 vibronic structure was unusually sharp and seems to monitor very specific details in the three-dimensional structure. The global signal from Tyr was assigned only approximately due to band broadening and overlapping. At the upper end of the CD spectrum, strong positive (1)L(b) Trp transitions from Trp 82 and strong negative (1)L(b) Trp transitions from @entity2 were observed. (1)L(a) transitions were overall weak, positive for Trp 82 and negative for @entity2 , nearly cancelling each other out in the final spectrum. The above assignment is of practical and fundamental interest to monitor folding, binding, and molecular dynamics down to microdomain resolution. The assignment of Trp bands allowed comparison with previous data from @entity3 , another member of the IFABP family with 28% identical residues. It was found that structural homology extends beyond sequence and tertiary fold to include optical properties of equivalent Trp residues in the structure.

title: Tryptophan mutants of intestinal XXXX -binding protein: ultraviolet absorption and circular dichroism studies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Septins are a conserved family of GTPases that regulate important cellular processes such as cell wall integrity, and septation in fungi. The requirement of septins for virulence has been demonstrated in the @entity0 pathogenic @entity5 @entity7 and @entity6 , as well as the plant pathogen @entity8 . @entity4 spp. contains five genes encoding for septins (aspA-E). While the importance of septins AspA, AspB, AspC, and AspE for growth and conidiation has been elucidated in the filamentous fungal model @entity9 , nothing is known on the role of septins in growth and virulence in the @entity0 pathogen @entity4 . Here we deleted all five A. fumigatus septins, and generated certain double and triple septin deletion strains. Phenotypic analyses revealed that while all the septins are dispensable in normal growth conditions, AspA, AspB, AspC and AspE are required for regular septation. Furthermore, deletion of only the core septin genes significantly reduced conidiation. Concomitant with the absence of an electron-dense outer conidial wall, the   aspB strain was also sensitive to anti-cell wall agents. Infection with the   aspB strain in a Galleria mellonella model of @entity1 showed hypervirulence, but no virulence difference was noted when compared to the wild-type strain in a @entity2 model of @entity1 . Although the deletion of aspB resulted in increased release of TNF-a from the macrophages, no significant @entity3 differences in lung histology was noted between the   aspB strain and the wild-type strain. Taken together, these results point to the importance of septins in A. fumigatus growth, but not virulence in a @entity2 model.

title: The XXXX septins play pleiotropic roles in septation, conidiation, and cell wall stress, but are dispensable for virulence.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The side chain of @entity0 95 in flavodoxin from @entity10 provides the closest negative charge to N(1) of the bound FMN in the protein. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to substitute @entity1 , @entity5 , or @entity4 for this @entity2 to assess the effect of this charge on the @entity9 / @entity8 redox potential (E(1)) of the FMN cofactor. The @entity11 mutation shifts the E(1) redox potential positively by 16 mV, while a negative shift of 23 mV occurs in the oxidized/ @entity9 midpoint redox potential (E(2)). The crystal structures of the oxidized and @entity9 forms of this mutant are similar to the corresponding states of the wild-type protein. In contrast to the wild-type protein, a further change in structure occurs in the @entity11 mutant in the @entity8 form. The side chain of Y98 flips into an energetically more favorable edge-to-face interaction with the bound FMN. Analysis of the structural changes in the @entity11 mutant, taking into account electrostatic interactions at the FMN binding site, suggests that the pi-pi electrostatic repulsions have only a minor contribution to the very low E(1) redox potential of the FMN cofactor when bound to apoflavodoxin. Substitution of D95 with @entity4 causes only a slight perturbation of the two one-electron redox potentials of the FMN cofactor. The structure of the @entity12 mutant reveals a large movement of the 60-loop (residues 60-64) away from the @entity3 in the oxidized structure. Reduction of this mutant to the @entity8 causes the conformation of the 60-loop to revert back to that occurring in the structures of the wild-type protein. The crystal structures of the @entity12 mutant imply that electrostatic repulsion between a @entity6 on the side chain at position 95 and the @entity7 ring of Y98 prevents rotation of the Y98 side chain to a more energetically favorable conformation as occurs in the @entity11 mutant. Replacement of D95 with @entity5 has no effect on E(2) but causes E(1) to change by 45 mV. The @entity13 mutant failed to crystallize. The K(d) values of the protein FMN complex in all three oxidation-reduction states differ from those of the wild-type complexes. Molecular modeling showed that the conformational energy of the protein changes with the redox state, in qualitative agreement with the observed changes in K(d), and allowed the electrostatic interactions between the FMN and the surrounding groups on the protein to be quantified.

title: Crystallographic investigation of the role of XXXX 95 in the modulation of the redox potentials of @entity10 flavodoxin.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The side chain of @entity0 95 in flavodoxin from @entity10 provides the closest negative charge to N(1) of the bound FMN in the protein. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to substitute @entity1 , @entity5 , or @entity4 for this @entity2 to assess the effect of this charge on the @entity9 / @entity8 redox potential (E(1)) of the FMN cofactor. The @entity11 mutation shifts the E(1) redox potential positively by 16 mV, while a negative shift of 23 mV occurs in the oxidized/ @entity9 midpoint redox potential (E(2)). The crystal structures of the oxidized and @entity9 forms of this mutant are similar to the corresponding states of the wild-type protein. In contrast to the wild-type protein, a further change in structure occurs in the @entity11 mutant in the @entity8 form. The side chain of Y98 flips into an energetically more favorable edge-to-face interaction with the bound FMN. Analysis of the structural changes in the @entity11 mutant, taking into account electrostatic interactions at the FMN binding site, suggests that the pi-pi electrostatic repulsions have only a minor contribution to the very low E(1) redox potential of the FMN cofactor when bound to apoflavodoxin. Substitution of D95 with @entity4 causes only a slight perturbation of the two one-electron redox potentials of the FMN cofactor. The structure of the @entity12 mutant reveals a large movement of the 60-loop (residues 60-64) away from the @entity3 in the oxidized structure. Reduction of this mutant to the @entity8 causes the conformation of the 60-loop to revert back to that occurring in the structures of the wild-type protein. The crystal structures of the @entity12 mutant imply that electrostatic repulsion between a @entity6 on the side chain at position 95 and the @entity7 ring of Y98 prevents rotation of the Y98 side chain to a more energetically favorable conformation as occurs in the @entity11 mutant. Replacement of D95 with @entity5 has no effect on E(2) but causes E(1) to change by 45 mV. The @entity13 mutant failed to crystallize. The K(d) values of the protein FMN complex in all three oxidation-reduction states differ from those of the wild-type complexes. Molecular modeling showed that the conformational energy of the protein changes with the redox state, in qualitative agreement with the observed changes in K(d), and allowed the electrostatic interactions between the FMN and the surrounding groups on the protein to be quantified.

title: Crystallographic investigation of the role of @entity0 95 in the modulation of the redox potentials of XXXX flavodoxin.

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We reviewed our experience with iatrogenic chylothorax after pulmonary resections for @entity1 to evaluate our treatment strategy and to identify factors that predict the need for reoperation. METHODS: From July 1992 through February 2000, a total of 1110 @entity0 underwent pulmonary resection (at least lobectomy) and systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection for @entity1 at our division. Twenty-seven @entity0 (2.4%) had postoperative chylothorax develop. We initially treated 26 of these @entity0 conservatively with complete oral intake cessation and total parenteral nutrition, and these @entity0 constituted the subjects in this study. RESULTS: There were 21 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 with a median age of 62 years (range 44 to 80 years). The initial procedures were pneumonectomy in 2 cases, bilobectomy in 1 case, and lobectomy in 23 cases. Twenty-one @entity0 (81%) had the condition cured with conservative treatment. These @entity0 resumed a normal diet at a median of 8 days after chylothorax diagnosis (range 4-35 days). The remaining 5 @entity0 (19%) underwent reoperation at a median of 14 days after diagnosis (range 5-35 days). Chest tube drainage of less than 500 mL during the first 24 hours after complete oral intake cessation and total parenteral nutrition predicted a cure with conservative treatment. CONCLUSION: Although most cases of chylothorax after pulmonary resection with systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection can be cured with a conservative strategy, early surgical intervention may be indicated if chest tube drainage is more than 500 mL during the first 24 hours after complete oral intake cessation and total parenteral nutrition.

title: Treatment strategy for chylothorax after pulmonary resection and lymph node dissection for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between endogenous @entity3 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity5 in pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal female residents of Taiji, a rural Japanese community. From a list of inhabitants aged 40 to 79 years, 200 @entity0 -50 @entity0 in each of four age decades-were randomly selected, and baseline @entity2 ( @entity2 ) at the lumbar spine and proximal femur were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 1993. Total @entity1 (total E2) and @entity4 were measured, and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was calculated using @entity4 and the percent @entity4 -unbound fraction ratio. @entity2 was measured again 3 years later, in 1996. @entity0 with ovariectomy or hysterectomy were excluded, and the remaining @entity0 were categorized into four groups: premenopausal ( n = 38), perimenopausal ( n = 14), postmenopausal group 1 (5 years or less since menopause; n = 18), and postmenopausal group 2 (6 years or more since menopause; n = 74). The mean value of total E2 was highest in the premenopausal group (49.1 pg/ml), followed by the perimenopausal group (26.4 pg/ml), and the postmenopausal groups (0.83 pg/ml in postmenopausal group 1 and 0.96 pg/ml in postmenopausal group 2). The means for @entity6 showed the same pattern across the groups. After the multiple regression analysis of @entity2 at follow-up and endogenous @entity3 , in premenopausal @entity0 , there were no significant associations between @entity2 at follow-up and serum total E2 and @entity6 . In perimenopausal women, however, serum total E2 and @entity6 were significantly correlated with trochanteric @entity2 at follow-up ( P < 0.05); and in postmenopausal group 2, they were significantly correlated with lumbar spine and Ward's triangle @entity2 at follow-up ( P < 0.001 at lumbar spine, P < 0.05 at Ward's triangle). Concerning the association between @entity2 at follow-up and @entity4 , in the premenopausal group, serum levels of @entity4 were negatively correlated with @entity2 at the femoral neck ( P < 0.05). In regard to partial regression coefficients for the change rates of @entity2 over 3 years and serum @entity3 and @entity4 concentrations, in perimenopausal @entity0 , @entity6 was correlated with the change rate of @entity2 at Ward's triangle ( P < 0.05), and in postmenopausal group 1, serum levels of @entity4 were significantly negatively related to change in @entity2 at the trochanter ( P < 0.01). No other relationships with change in @entity2 were observed at any sites. These findings suggest that serum E2, @entity6 , and @entity4 levels differentially predict @entity2 levels in groups of differing menstrual status. It would, however, be difficult to predict @entity5 in middle-aged and elderly Japanese @entity0 over a 3-year period using these indices alone.

title: The relationship between endogenous @entity3 , @entity4 , and XXXX in female residents of a rural Japanese community: the Taiji Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between endogenous @entity3 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity5 in pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal female residents of Taiji, a rural Japanese community. From a list of inhabitants aged 40 to 79 years, 200 @entity0 -50 @entity0 in each of four age decades-were randomly selected, and baseline @entity2 ( @entity2 ) at the lumbar spine and proximal femur were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 1993. Total @entity1 (total E2) and @entity4 were measured, and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was calculated using @entity4 and the percent @entity4 -unbound fraction ratio. @entity2 was measured again 3 years later, in 1996. @entity0 with ovariectomy or hysterectomy were excluded, and the remaining @entity0 were categorized into four groups: premenopausal ( n = 38), perimenopausal ( n = 14), postmenopausal group 1 (5 years or less since menopause; n = 18), and postmenopausal group 2 (6 years or more since menopause; n = 74). The mean value of total E2 was highest in the premenopausal group (49.1 pg/ml), followed by the perimenopausal group (26.4 pg/ml), and the postmenopausal groups (0.83 pg/ml in postmenopausal group 1 and 0.96 pg/ml in postmenopausal group 2). The means for @entity6 showed the same pattern across the groups. After the multiple regression analysis of @entity2 at follow-up and endogenous @entity3 , in premenopausal @entity0 , there were no significant associations between @entity2 at follow-up and serum total E2 and @entity6 . In perimenopausal women, however, serum total E2 and @entity6 were significantly correlated with trochanteric @entity2 at follow-up ( P < 0.05); and in postmenopausal group 2, they were significantly correlated with lumbar spine and Ward's triangle @entity2 at follow-up ( P < 0.001 at lumbar spine, P < 0.05 at Ward's triangle). Concerning the association between @entity2 at follow-up and @entity4 , in the premenopausal group, serum levels of @entity4 were negatively correlated with @entity2 at the femoral neck ( P < 0.05). In regard to partial regression coefficients for the change rates of @entity2 over 3 years and serum @entity3 and @entity4 concentrations, in perimenopausal @entity0 , @entity6 was correlated with the change rate of @entity2 at Ward's triangle ( P < 0.05), and in postmenopausal group 1, serum levels of @entity4 were significantly negatively related to change in @entity2 at the trochanter ( P < 0.01). No other relationships with change in @entity2 were observed at any sites. These findings suggest that serum E2, @entity6 , and @entity4 levels differentially predict @entity2 levels in groups of differing menstrual status. It would, however, be difficult to predict @entity5 in middle-aged and elderly Japanese @entity0 over a 3-year period using these indices alone.

title: The relationship between endogenous @entity3 , XXXX , and @entity5 in female residents of a rural Japanese community: the Taiji Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between endogenous @entity3 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity5 in pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal female residents of Taiji, a rural Japanese community. From a list of inhabitants aged 40 to 79 years, 200 @entity0 -50 @entity0 in each of four age decades-were randomly selected, and baseline @entity2 ( @entity2 ) at the lumbar spine and proximal femur were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 1993. Total @entity1 (total E2) and @entity4 were measured, and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was calculated using @entity4 and the percent @entity4 -unbound fraction ratio. @entity2 was measured again 3 years later, in 1996. @entity0 with ovariectomy or hysterectomy were excluded, and the remaining @entity0 were categorized into four groups: premenopausal ( n = 38), perimenopausal ( n = 14), postmenopausal group 1 (5 years or less since menopause; n = 18), and postmenopausal group 2 (6 years or more since menopause; n = 74). The mean value of total E2 was highest in the premenopausal group (49.1 pg/ml), followed by the perimenopausal group (26.4 pg/ml), and the postmenopausal groups (0.83 pg/ml in postmenopausal group 1 and 0.96 pg/ml in postmenopausal group 2). The means for @entity6 showed the same pattern across the groups. After the multiple regression analysis of @entity2 at follow-up and endogenous @entity3 , in premenopausal @entity0 , there were no significant associations between @entity2 at follow-up and serum total E2 and @entity6 . In perimenopausal women, however, serum total E2 and @entity6 were significantly correlated with trochanteric @entity2 at follow-up ( P < 0.05); and in postmenopausal group 2, they were significantly correlated with lumbar spine and Ward's triangle @entity2 at follow-up ( P < 0.001 at lumbar spine, P < 0.05 at Ward's triangle). Concerning the association between @entity2 at follow-up and @entity4 , in the premenopausal group, serum levels of @entity4 were negatively correlated with @entity2 at the femoral neck ( P < 0.05). In regard to partial regression coefficients for the change rates of @entity2 over 3 years and serum @entity3 and @entity4 concentrations, in perimenopausal @entity0 , @entity6 was correlated with the change rate of @entity2 at Ward's triangle ( P < 0.05), and in postmenopausal group 1, serum levels of @entity4 were significantly negatively related to change in @entity2 at the trochanter ( P < 0.01). No other relationships with change in @entity2 were observed at any sites. These findings suggest that serum E2, @entity6 , and @entity4 levels differentially predict @entity2 levels in groups of differing menstrual status. It would, however, be difficult to predict @entity5 in middle-aged and elderly Japanese @entity0 over a 3-year period using these indices alone.

title: The relationship between endogenous XXXX , @entity4 , and @entity5 in female residents of a rural Japanese community: the Taiji Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The i.v. administration of the cytoprotective agent @entity3 is associated with reversible clinical @entity2 , protracted emesis, and malaise in a various percentage of @entity0 . We evaluated, prospectively, whether the s.c. route is a better tolerated alternative to the i.v. route in @entity0 receiving chemotherapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity0 treated with "once every 2 weeks" regimens received 1000 mg of @entity3 i.v. before chemotherapy. @entity0 who developed protracted @entity1 and malaise and/or clinical @entity2 for two consecutive i.v. administrations received the same dose of @entity3 s.c. for the subsequent cycles (i.v./s.c. study). In an additional cohort of 12 @entity0 (s.c. study), 1000 mg of @entity3 were given s.c. since the first chemotherapy cycle. RESULTS: In the i.v./s.c. study, 8 (13.5%) @entity0 showed protracted emesis/malaise and/or clinical @entity2 during the first two cycles. An additional 4 (6.6%) @entity0 developed similar side effects during the subsequent cycles. Switching to the s.c. route, an improved tolerance was noted. In the s.c. study, a total of 76 injections was administered. Protracted @entity1 or clinical @entity2 was absent, and this tolerance profile was significantly better than the i.v. one (P = 0.001). There were no other systemic side effects related to the s.c. administration. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 , at a dose of 1000 mg, is better tolerated when administered s.c. Switching to the s.c. route in @entity0 with poor tolerance using the i.v. administration allows the continuation of cytoprotection with minor side effects. Although preliminary, 1000 mg of @entity3 effectively protected against the lower, still more frequently administered doses of chemotherapy given once every 2 weeks.

title: XXXX before chemotherapy: improved tolerance profile of the subcutaneous over the intravenous route.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Green tea and green tea @entity13 have been shown to possess @entity1 preventive activities in preclinical model systems. In preparation for future green tea intervention trials, we have conducted a clinical study to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of green tea @entity13 after 4 weeks of daily p.o. administration of @entity9 ( @entity10 ) or Polyphenon E (a defined, decaffeinated green tea @entity11 mixture). In an exploratory fashion, we have also determined the effect of chronic green tea @entity11 administration on UV-induced @entity12 response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Healthy @entity0 with @entity4 or III underwent a 2-week run-in period and were randomly assigned to receive one of the five treatments for 4 weeks: 800 mg @entity10 once/day, 400 mg @entity10 twice/day, 800 mg @entity10 as Polyphenon E once/day, 400 mg @entity10 as Polyphenon E twice/day, or a placebo once/day (8 subjects/group). Samples were collected and measurements performed before and after the 4-week treatment period for determination of safety, pharmacokinetics, and biological activity of green tea @entity11 treatment. RESULTS: Adverse events reported during the 4-week treatment period include excess gas, upset stomach, @entity5 , heartburn, @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity2 , and @entity7 . All of the reported events were rated as mild events. For most events, the incidence reported in the @entity11 -treated groups was not more than that reported in the placebo group. No significant changes were observed in blood counts and blood chemistry profiles after repeated administration of green tea @entity11 products. There was a >60% increase in the area under the plasma @entity10 concentration-time curve after 4 weeks of green tea @entity11 treatment at a dosing schedule of 800 mg once daily. No significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of @entity10 after repeated green tea @entity11 treatment at a regimen of 400 mg twice daily. The pharmacokinetics of the conjugated metabolites of @entity15 and @entity14 were not affected by repeated green tea @entity11 treatment. Four weeks of green tea @entity11 treatment at the selected dose and dosing schedule did not provide protection against UV-induced @entity12 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that it is safe for healthy individuals to take green tea @entity11 products in amounts equivalent to the @entity10 content in 8-16 cups of green tea once a day or in divided doses twice a day for 4 weeks. There is a >60% increase in the systemic availability of free @entity10 after chronic green tea @entity11 administration at a high daily bolus dose (800 mg @entity10 or Polyphenon E once daily).

title: Pharmacokinetics and safety of green tea XXXX after multiple-dose administration of @entity9 and polyphenon E in healthy individuals.

answer: @entity13


abstract: PURPOSE: Green tea and green tea @entity13 have been shown to possess @entity1 preventive activities in preclinical model systems. In preparation for future green tea intervention trials, we have conducted a clinical study to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of green tea @entity13 after 4 weeks of daily p.o. administration of @entity9 ( @entity10 ) or Polyphenon E (a defined, decaffeinated green tea @entity11 mixture). In an exploratory fashion, we have also determined the effect of chronic green tea @entity11 administration on UV-induced @entity12 response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Healthy @entity0 with @entity4 or III underwent a 2-week run-in period and were randomly assigned to receive one of the five treatments for 4 weeks: 800 mg @entity10 once/day, 400 mg @entity10 twice/day, 800 mg @entity10 as Polyphenon E once/day, 400 mg @entity10 as Polyphenon E twice/day, or a placebo once/day (8 subjects/group). Samples were collected and measurements performed before and after the 4-week treatment period for determination of safety, pharmacokinetics, and biological activity of green tea @entity11 treatment. RESULTS: Adverse events reported during the 4-week treatment period include excess gas, upset stomach, @entity5 , heartburn, @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity2 , and @entity7 . All of the reported events were rated as mild events. For most events, the incidence reported in the @entity11 -treated groups was not more than that reported in the placebo group. No significant changes were observed in blood counts and blood chemistry profiles after repeated administration of green tea @entity11 products. There was a >60% increase in the area under the plasma @entity10 concentration-time curve after 4 weeks of green tea @entity11 treatment at a dosing schedule of 800 mg once daily. No significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of @entity10 after repeated green tea @entity11 treatment at a regimen of 400 mg twice daily. The pharmacokinetics of the conjugated metabolites of @entity15 and @entity14 were not affected by repeated green tea @entity11 treatment. Four weeks of green tea @entity11 treatment at the selected dose and dosing schedule did not provide protection against UV-induced @entity12 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that it is safe for healthy individuals to take green tea @entity11 products in amounts equivalent to the @entity10 content in 8-16 cups of green tea once a day or in divided doses twice a day for 4 weeks. There is a >60% increase in the systemic availability of free @entity10 after chronic green tea @entity11 administration at a high daily bolus dose (800 mg @entity10 or Polyphenon E once daily).

title: Pharmacokinetics and safety of green tea @entity13 after multiple-dose administration of XXXX and polyphenon E in healthy individuals.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early @entity4 is a frequent complication of pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD). However, few reports have addressed this phenomenon in relation to the type of @entity1 . We compared gastrointestinal motility and gastric juice output after two different types of @entity1 following PPPD, end-to-side duodenojejunostomy after pancreaticojejunostomy and hepaticojejunostomy (group 1) and end-to-end duodenojejunostomy before pancreaticojejunostomy and hepaticojejunostomy (group 2). METHOD: In a total of 25 @entity0 , 10 in group 1 and 15 in group 2, who underwent PPPD, manometry was repeated to assess gastric and jejunal motility until the first occurrence of phase III activity of gastric cyclic motor activity (CMA). The plasma level of @entity2 was measured in each phase of the gastric CMA and compared between the two groups. The daily volume of gastric juice output through a @entity3 was also recorded for comparison. RESULT: There was no significant difference in the time period for recovery of gastric phase III activity and gastric juice output between the two groups. However, abnormal contractions with an increased basal pressure appeared frequently in the afferent jejunal loop only in group 1. The plasma @entity2 level after PPPD showed no apparent cyclic change even after the recovery of gastric phase III in either group. CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal reconstructive procedures have almost no effect on the recovery of gastric CMA. The plasma @entity2 concentration does not play a major role in the recovery of gastric CMA in the early postoperative period after PPPD.

title: Comparison of recovery of gastric phase III motility and gastric juice output after different types of XXXX following pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: C-type lectin is one important pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that plays crucial roles in multiple immune responses. A C-type lectin from sea @entity7 @entity8 (AjCTL-1) was characterized in the present study. The @entity5 sequence of AjCTL-1 shared high similarities with other C-type lectins from invertebrates and vertebrates. The C-type lectin domain (CTLD) of AjCTL-1 contained a @entity0 -binding site 2 and four conserved @entity1 residues. AjCTL-1 mRNA expression patterns in tissues and after bacterial challenge were then analysed. Quantitative PCR revealed that AjCTL-1 mRNA was widely expressed in the tested tissues of healthy sea @entity7 . The highest expression level occurred in gonad followed by body wall, coelomocytes, tentacle, intestinum and longitudinal muscle, and the lowest expression level was in respiratory tree. AjCTL-1 mRNA expression in coelomocytes was significantly induced by gram-negative @entity4 and gram-positive @entity6 , with different up-regulation patterns post-challenge. Recombinant AjCTL-1 exhibited the ability to bind peptidoglycan directly, agglutinate @entity6 , @entity3 and @entity2 , in a @entity0 -dependant manner, and enhance the phagocytosis of coelomocytes against @entity2 in  vitro. The results indicated that AjCTL-1 could act as a PRR in @entity8 and had critical roles in non-self recognition and bacterial clearance against invading microbes.

title: Critical roles of sea XXXX C-type lectin in non-self recognition and  bacterial clearance.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two populations of T cells contribute to allograft rejection. T cells with direct allospecificity are activated after recognition of intact MHC alloantigens displayed at the surface of donor passenger leukocytes carried within the graft. In contrast, T cells with indirect allospecificity recognize donor alloantigens as processed peptides associated with self (recipient)-MHC class II molecules. In small animal models of transplantation, direct pathway T cells dominate the acute rejection process and are rendered tolerant to the graft after the loss of donor passenger leukocytes. It has been argued that indirect pathway T cells contribute substantially to continual graft damage after passenger cell loss. The purpose of this study was to determine whether donor-specific tolerance could be detected in T cells with direct anti-donor allospecificity in @entity0 heart transplant recipients after prolonged graft residence. METHODS AND RESULTS: Alloreactive helper ( @entity2 ) and cytotoxic (CTLf) T cells were enumerated by use of limiting dilution analysis. These assay systems were refined to make them specific for the direct pathway of allorecognition and more sensitive in the case of the @entity2 assay. Recipient:anti-donor frequencies were generated in 10 long-term recipients of heart grafts with progressive chronic rejection and compared with those against equivalently HLA mismatched recipient:third-party controls. For @entity2 , direct pathway donor-specific @entity1 was detected in 5 of the 10 recipients ( @entity2 <1:100,000). Of these 5 recipients, 4 also had low anti-donor CTLf (<1:100,000). In the 5th recipient, although the CTLf was >1:100,000, it was significantly lower than that estimated against the third-party control. CONCLUSIONS: Donor-specific @entity1 is demonstrated in 50% of recipients in both the @entity2 and CTLf compartments of the direct alloresponse. Direct allorecognition therefore appears unlikely to be responsible for the progression of chronic rejection, implicating indirect allorecognition as the predominant immunological driving force. Furthermore, these data have potential implications for graft outcome, adjustment of immunosuppression, and recipient monitoring.

title: Assessment of the contribution that direct allorecognition makes to the progression of chronic cardiac transplant rejection in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Induction of angiogenesis is essential for @entity3 and facilitates the processes of @entity1 development and @entity0 . @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is an important angiogenic regulator under physiologic and pathologic conditions. To elucidate the role of angiogenesis in malignant growth, we evaluated angiogenesis and @entity2 expression in a panel of 68 @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and examined their relation with the kinetic parameters, ploidy, and @entity4 protein status, which have been analyzed previously. Angiogenesis was estimated as microvascular density (MVD) of the @entity1 area by @entity6 immunodetection. Expression of @entity2 was also immunohistochemically evaluated. All possible associations were assessed through a series of statistical methods. The mean MVD value was 39 microvessels/mm(2), and high @entity2 immunoreactivity was observed in all specimens, with a mean percentage of positive cells of 73%. The relation between MVD and @entity2 expression was not statistically significant (P = 0.065). No association was observed between MVD or @entity2 levels with the proliferation index, apoptotic index, @entity1 ploidy status, @entity4 expression, and overall survival. We conclude that in a subset of @entity5 , angiogenesis may be associated with @entity2 , but other factors also participate in this process. Angiogenesis and growth (proliferation and apoptosis) are independent and probably differentially operated procedures, with only growth partially controlled by @entity4 protein expression.

title: Growth index is independent of microvessel density in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We have used high resolution magnetic resonance imaging to monitor malignant @entity2 BT4C @entity1 in vivo following herpes simplex virus @entity3 kinase gene and @entity4 (GCV) treatment. Twenty-six female BDIX @entity2 were used for the study including four controls. Serial magnetic resonance imaging was performed every 72 hours to quantify @entity0 volume, transverse relaxation time (T2) ,and apparent diffusion constant ( @entity5 ) of water in the @entity0 and in the contralateral brain. GCV treatment was given twice a day, intraperitoneally, for 21 days. The @entity1 exhibited low @entity6 values (before treatment), compared to normal brain, indicating the presence of high cell density @entity0 . Following GCV treatment, a regional increase in @entity6 was observed as early as day 4 of the treatment, even though the @entity0 volume was still increasing. These observations suggested evolution of local necroses which were confirmed by histology. In a group of five @entity0 bearing @entity2 , retrovirus-producing packaging cell injections were given intratumorally to mimic clinically relevant gene therapy. In these cases, only small and short-lasting @entity6 elevations were found following GCV treatment without an effect on the overall @entity0 growth and outcome. Our results show that quantitative magnetic resonance imaging including @entity6 , is superior to robust volume measurements in predicting an early response to retrovirus-mediated gene therapy in vivo.

title: Monitoring @entity3 kinase and XXXX -induced changes in @entity2 malignant @entity1 in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We have used high resolution magnetic resonance imaging to monitor malignant @entity2 BT4C @entity1 in vivo following herpes simplex virus @entity3 kinase gene and @entity4 (GCV) treatment. Twenty-six female BDIX @entity2 were used for the study including four controls. Serial magnetic resonance imaging was performed every 72 hours to quantify @entity0 volume, transverse relaxation time (T2) ,and apparent diffusion constant ( @entity5 ) of water in the @entity0 and in the contralateral brain. GCV treatment was given twice a day, intraperitoneally, for 21 days. The @entity1 exhibited low @entity6 values (before treatment), compared to normal brain, indicating the presence of high cell density @entity0 . Following GCV treatment, a regional increase in @entity6 was observed as early as day 4 of the treatment, even though the @entity0 volume was still increasing. These observations suggested evolution of local necroses which were confirmed by histology. In a group of five @entity0 bearing @entity2 , retrovirus-producing packaging cell injections were given intratumorally to mimic clinically relevant gene therapy. In these cases, only small and short-lasting @entity6 elevations were found following GCV treatment without an effect on the overall @entity0 growth and outcome. Our results show that quantitative magnetic resonance imaging including @entity6 , is superior to robust volume measurements in predicting an early response to retrovirus-mediated gene therapy in vivo.

title: Monitoring XXXX kinase and @entity4 -induced changes in @entity2 malignant @entity1 in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have used high resolution magnetic resonance imaging to monitor malignant @entity2 BT4C @entity1 in vivo following herpes simplex virus @entity3 kinase gene and @entity4 (GCV) treatment. Twenty-six female BDIX @entity2 were used for the study including four controls. Serial magnetic resonance imaging was performed every 72 hours to quantify @entity0 volume, transverse relaxation time (T2) ,and apparent diffusion constant ( @entity5 ) of water in the @entity0 and in the contralateral brain. GCV treatment was given twice a day, intraperitoneally, for 21 days. The @entity1 exhibited low @entity6 values (before treatment), compared to normal brain, indicating the presence of high cell density @entity0 . Following GCV treatment, a regional increase in @entity6 was observed as early as day 4 of the treatment, even though the @entity0 volume was still increasing. These observations suggested evolution of local necroses which were confirmed by histology. In a group of five @entity0 bearing @entity2 , retrovirus-producing packaging cell injections were given intratumorally to mimic clinically relevant gene therapy. In these cases, only small and short-lasting @entity6 elevations were found following GCV treatment without an effect on the overall @entity0 growth and outcome. Our results show that quantitative magnetic resonance imaging including @entity6 , is superior to robust volume measurements in predicting an early response to retrovirus-mediated gene therapy in vivo.

title: Monitoring @entity3 kinase and @entity4 -induced changes in @entity2 malignant XXXX in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have used high resolution magnetic resonance imaging to monitor malignant @entity2 BT4C @entity1 in vivo following herpes simplex virus @entity3 kinase gene and @entity4 (GCV) treatment. Twenty-six female BDIX @entity2 were used for the study including four controls. Serial magnetic resonance imaging was performed every 72 hours to quantify @entity0 volume, transverse relaxation time (T2) ,and apparent diffusion constant ( @entity5 ) of water in the @entity0 and in the contralateral brain. GCV treatment was given twice a day, intraperitoneally, for 21 days. The @entity1 exhibited low @entity6 values (before treatment), compared to normal brain, indicating the presence of high cell density @entity0 . Following GCV treatment, a regional increase in @entity6 was observed as early as day 4 of the treatment, even though the @entity0 volume was still increasing. These observations suggested evolution of local necroses which were confirmed by histology. In a group of five @entity0 bearing @entity2 , retrovirus-producing packaging cell injections were given intratumorally to mimic clinically relevant gene therapy. In these cases, only small and short-lasting @entity6 elevations were found following GCV treatment without an effect on the overall @entity0 growth and outcome. Our results show that quantitative magnetic resonance imaging including @entity6 , is superior to robust volume measurements in predicting an early response to retrovirus-mediated gene therapy in vivo.

title: Monitoring @entity3 kinase and @entity4 -induced changes in XXXX malignant @entity1 in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Because of the relatively low incidence of @entity0 , there are very few studies on the molecular characteristics of this @entity0 . In an attempt to improve its characterization, we investigated in a large collection of invasive @entity5 (ILCs) the status of markers known to be involved in the better-studied @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In the current study we disposed of 80 well-characterized ILC cases. Gene amplification of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and expression of their gene products were studied by differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. A comprehensive point mutation study of the phosphatase and tensin homolog @entity2 suppressor gene ( @entity4 ) was pursued by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)/sequencing analysis. The @entity7 gene was rarely amplified in ILC in spite of showing overexpression of the protein in 41% of @entity2 . Hence, unlike @entity3 , increase in gene dosage did not account for the protein excess. @entity4 mutations were detected in ILC (truncating mutations) in around 2% of the @entity2 . Unlike @entity3 , ILC did not display @entity6 overexpression and expression of the transcription factor @entity8 correlated inversely with @entity2 grade. The observed discrepancy in the pattern of the @entity1 oncogenes @entity7 and @entity6 , which are involved in the process of @entity2 , appears to suggest a different molecular basis for development and progression of ILC.

title: @entity7 - and XXXX -gene deregulation and @entity4 mutation analyses in @entity5 of the breast.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Because of the relatively low incidence of @entity0 , there are very few studies on the molecular characteristics of this @entity0 . In an attempt to improve its characterization, we investigated in a large collection of invasive @entity5 (ILCs) the status of markers known to be involved in the better-studied @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In the current study we disposed of 80 well-characterized ILC cases. Gene amplification of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and expression of their gene products were studied by differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. A comprehensive point mutation study of the phosphatase and tensin homolog @entity2 suppressor gene ( @entity4 ) was pursued by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)/sequencing analysis. The @entity7 gene was rarely amplified in ILC in spite of showing overexpression of the protein in 41% of @entity2 . Hence, unlike @entity3 , increase in gene dosage did not account for the protein excess. @entity4 mutations were detected in ILC (truncating mutations) in around 2% of the @entity2 . Unlike @entity3 , ILC did not display @entity6 overexpression and expression of the transcription factor @entity8 correlated inversely with @entity2 grade. The observed discrepancy in the pattern of the @entity1 oncogenes @entity7 and @entity6 , which are involved in the process of @entity2 , appears to suggest a different molecular basis for development and progression of ILC.

title: @entity7 - and @entity6 -gene deregulation and @entity4 mutation analyses in XXXX of the breast.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Because of the relatively low incidence of @entity0 , there are very few studies on the molecular characteristics of this @entity0 . In an attempt to improve its characterization, we investigated in a large collection of invasive @entity5 (ILCs) the status of markers known to be involved in the better-studied @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In the current study we disposed of 80 well-characterized ILC cases. Gene amplification of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and expression of their gene products were studied by differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. A comprehensive point mutation study of the phosphatase and tensin homolog @entity2 suppressor gene ( @entity4 ) was pursued by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)/sequencing analysis. The @entity7 gene was rarely amplified in ILC in spite of showing overexpression of the protein in 41% of @entity2 . Hence, unlike @entity3 , increase in gene dosage did not account for the protein excess. @entity4 mutations were detected in ILC (truncating mutations) in around 2% of the @entity2 . Unlike @entity3 , ILC did not display @entity6 overexpression and expression of the transcription factor @entity8 correlated inversely with @entity2 grade. The observed discrepancy in the pattern of the @entity1 oncogenes @entity7 and @entity6 , which are involved in the process of @entity2 , appears to suggest a different molecular basis for development and progression of ILC.

title: @entity7 - and @entity6 -gene deregulation and XXXX mutation analyses in @entity5 of the breast.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Because of the relatively low incidence of @entity0 , there are very few studies on the molecular characteristics of this @entity0 . In an attempt to improve its characterization, we investigated in a large collection of invasive @entity5 (ILCs) the status of markers known to be involved in the better-studied @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In the current study we disposed of 80 well-characterized ILC cases. Gene amplification of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and expression of their gene products were studied by differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. A comprehensive point mutation study of the phosphatase and tensin homolog @entity2 suppressor gene ( @entity4 ) was pursued by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)/sequencing analysis. The @entity7 gene was rarely amplified in ILC in spite of showing overexpression of the protein in 41% of @entity2 . Hence, unlike @entity3 , increase in gene dosage did not account for the protein excess. @entity4 mutations were detected in ILC (truncating mutations) in around 2% of the @entity2 . Unlike @entity3 , ILC did not display @entity6 overexpression and expression of the transcription factor @entity8 correlated inversely with @entity2 grade. The observed discrepancy in the pattern of the @entity1 oncogenes @entity7 and @entity6 , which are involved in the process of @entity2 , appears to suggest a different molecular basis for development and progression of ILC.

title: XXXX - and @entity6 -gene deregulation and @entity4 mutation analyses in @entity5 of the breast.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity0 are characterized at the genetic level by different types of @entity3 . A rearrangement of the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene, localized in 12q15 and coding for an architectural non-histone DNA protein, is observed in a majority of solitary superficial @entity2 . Alterations of @entity4 are often resulting from reciprocal translocations, such as t(3;12)(q27-28;q15) that fuses LPP with @entity4 , but a variety of @entity3 , such as deletions, inversions or insertions are also observed. Rearrangements of chromosomal regions 6p21-22, 13q, 11q13, 12q13 or others are described in approximately one third of superficial @entity2 cases with abnormal karyotypes. The genes involved in these alterations remain to be determined. @entity5 are pediatric neoplasms that are characterized by rearrangements of @entity6 , located in 8q11-12 whereas @entity2 , that resemble brown fat, are associated with 11q13 rearrangements together with often complex chromosomal alterations. Deletions of 13q and 16q have been identified in spindle cell @entity2 . A t(11;16)(q13;p12-13) have been described in the two published karyotypes of @entity2 . The chromosomal features of other rare benign @entity0 , the differential diagnosis of which is occasionally difficult, such as @entity2 , @entity2 , or @entity1 , myolipomas, myxolipomas are still poorly defined. Although the genetic characterization of benign @entity0 has been dramatically in progress over the last ten years, many aspects remain obscure and warrant future investigations for a better comprehension of underlying molecular mechanisms.

title: [From cytogenetics to cytogenomics of adipose tissue @entity0 : 1. Benign adipose tissue XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 are characterized at the genetic level by different types of @entity3 . A rearrangement of the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene, localized in 12q15 and coding for an architectural non-histone DNA protein, is observed in a majority of solitary superficial @entity2 . Alterations of @entity4 are often resulting from reciprocal translocations, such as t(3;12)(q27-28;q15) that fuses LPP with @entity4 , but a variety of @entity3 , such as deletions, inversions or insertions are also observed. Rearrangements of chromosomal regions 6p21-22, 13q, 11q13, 12q13 or others are described in approximately one third of superficial @entity2 cases with abnormal karyotypes. The genes involved in these alterations remain to be determined. @entity5 are pediatric neoplasms that are characterized by rearrangements of @entity6 , located in 8q11-12 whereas @entity2 , that resemble brown fat, are associated with 11q13 rearrangements together with often complex chromosomal alterations. Deletions of 13q and 16q have been identified in spindle cell @entity2 . A t(11;16)(q13;p12-13) have been described in the two published karyotypes of @entity2 . The chromosomal features of other rare benign @entity0 , the differential diagnosis of which is occasionally difficult, such as @entity2 , @entity2 , or @entity1 , myolipomas, myxolipomas are still poorly defined. Although the genetic characterization of benign @entity0 has been dramatically in progress over the last ten years, many aspects remain obscure and warrant future investigations for a better comprehension of underlying molecular mechanisms.

title: [From cytogenetics to cytogenomics of adipose tissue XXXX : 1. Benign adipose tissue @entity0 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes and long-term sexual quality of life after @entity3 surgery. Seventeen-years-old @entity0 operated for a @entity3 in childhood were included in a transversal study. @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity0 , among the forty @entity0 treated since 1997, accepted to participate. These young @entity0 (mean age at the first surgery was 27.9  20months) were clinically reviewed and responded to questionnaires (EUROQOL 5, IIEF15 and non-validated questionnaire). This study arises about 8.4  5years after the last visit in paediatric department. RESULTS: Mean study age was 21.2  4.7years. One third of @entity0 thought that global quality of life was distorted. Although 33% of the @entity0 had @entity2 , 80% were satisfied with their sexual quality of life. The most important complains were relative to the penile appearance. Number of procedures was not predictive of @entity0 's satisfaction about penile function and appearance. Thirty-three percents of the @entity0 would have been satisfied to have psychological and medical support. They would be interested in having contact with @entity0 who suffered from the same @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These @entity0 had functional and esthetical disturbances. This visit leads to a specific visit in 20% cases. In this study, medical follow-up does not seem to be counselling and had to be adapted. Adequate follow-up transition between paediatric and adult departments especially during adolescence seems to be necessary. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: [Long-term outcomes after XXXX surgery: Sexual reported outcomes and quality of life in adulthood].

answer: @entity3


abstract: A considerable effort has been made in the last 15 years to evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity5 channel blockers (CCBs) in the treatment of @entity0 with chronic @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Available studies have provided strong evidence for a potential detrimental effect of the first-generation calcium antagonists in @entity0 with @entity6 , indicating the need for great caution when these drugs are used in @entity0 with significant @entity2 of left ventricular systolic function. A number of second-generation CCB have demonstrated a strong vasodilatory effect and favorable hemodynamic action but failed to show a similar improvement in exercise capacity, morbidity and mortality. Moreover, drugs such as @entity8 and @entity11 have resulted in a detrimental effect in some @entity0 and, therefore, cannot be considered safe when used in @entity0 with moderate-to-severe @entity6 . Available information from the V-HeFT III study demonstrate a lack of an unfavorable effect of @entity12 on exercise tolerance in @entity0 with @entity6 . Although mortality rate was similar in both the @entity12 and the placebo group, because of the relatively small number of @entity0 in this study, no clear conclusion can be drawn regarding the effect of @entity12 on mortality in @entity0 with @entity6 . An encouraging signal regarding a potential role of CCB in the treatment of @entity6 has been provided by the recently completed PRAISE study. This prospective large-scale study demonstrated the safety of @entity9 , a long-acting @entity10 derivative, when used in @entity0 with @entity6 due to @entity4 . Furthermore, this study demonstrated a substantial reduction in mortality in @entity0 with @entity6 due to nonischemic @entity1 and provided a strong indication for a potential therapeutic benefit of @entity9 when added to standard @entity6 therapy in this @entity0 population. No clear explanation is available at the present time regarding the reason for the deleterious effect demonstrated with some of the @entity13 and the contrasting benefit seen with @entity9 . Finally, more information regarding the safety and efficacy of @entity13 should become available in the next year. The PRAISE II study is ongoing and will provide further information regarding the therapeutic role of @entity9 in @entity0 with @entity3 . The MACH-1 study is evaluating the effect of @entity7 , a predominant T-type channel blocker with an ideal activity profile, on morbidity and mortality in @entity0 with chronic @entity6 .

title: @entity5 channel blockers in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: A considerable effort has been made in the last 15 years to evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity5 channel blockers (CCBs) in the treatment of @entity0 with chronic @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Available studies have provided strong evidence for a potential detrimental effect of the first-generation calcium antagonists in @entity0 with @entity6 , indicating the need for great caution when these drugs are used in @entity0 with significant @entity2 of left ventricular systolic function. A number of second-generation CCB have demonstrated a strong vasodilatory effect and favorable hemodynamic action but failed to show a similar improvement in exercise capacity, morbidity and mortality. Moreover, drugs such as @entity8 and @entity11 have resulted in a detrimental effect in some @entity0 and, therefore, cannot be considered safe when used in @entity0 with moderate-to-severe @entity6 . Available information from the V-HeFT III study demonstrate a lack of an unfavorable effect of @entity12 on exercise tolerance in @entity0 with @entity6 . Although mortality rate was similar in both the @entity12 and the placebo group, because of the relatively small number of @entity0 in this study, no clear conclusion can be drawn regarding the effect of @entity12 on mortality in @entity0 with @entity6 . An encouraging signal regarding a potential role of CCB in the treatment of @entity6 has been provided by the recently completed PRAISE study. This prospective large-scale study demonstrated the safety of @entity9 , a long-acting @entity10 derivative, when used in @entity0 with @entity6 due to @entity4 . Furthermore, this study demonstrated a substantial reduction in mortality in @entity0 with @entity6 due to nonischemic @entity1 and provided a strong indication for a potential therapeutic benefit of @entity9 when added to standard @entity6 therapy in this @entity0 population. No clear explanation is available at the present time regarding the reason for the deleterious effect demonstrated with some of the @entity13 and the contrasting benefit seen with @entity9 . Finally, more information regarding the safety and efficacy of @entity13 should become available in the next year. The PRAISE II study is ongoing and will provide further information regarding the therapeutic role of @entity9 in @entity0 with @entity3 . The MACH-1 study is evaluating the effect of @entity7 , a predominant T-type channel blocker with an ideal activity profile, on morbidity and mortality in @entity0 with chronic @entity6 .

title: XXXX channel blockers in @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a dangerous complication in @entity4 , and experience with its diagnosis and treatment is usually limited. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of 3,840 @entity0 admitted after multiple @entity1 from January 1, 1982, until May 31, 2000. RESULTS: A laparotomy was performed in 121 cases (3.15%) due to suspected @entity5 . 32% of the @entity0 (39/121) had a @entity2 ; 23% (9/39) had a rupture of the major pancreatic duct. Primary laparotomy was performed in 72% of the @entity0 (28/39). Superficial lesions were treated by explorative laparotomy alone (n = 7), debridement and external drainage (n = 20), or necrosectomy and lavage (n = 3). @entity2 were treated by pancreatojejunostomies (n = 5), pancreatic left resections (n = 2), or exploration alone (n = 2). 8 of 39 @entity0 died (20%), 4 intraoperatively. Of the surviving 35 @entity0 , a pancreas-associated complication developed in 8 @entity0 (23%): pancreatic abscesses (n = 4), traumatic @entity3 (n = 3), @entity6 (n = 2), and @entity7 (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 is an infrequent but dangerous complication in severe @entity1 . Superficial lesions not affecting the major pancreatic duct can be managed by debridement and external drainage. If the major pancreatic duct is ruptured, organ-preserving, complex reconstructive procedures are necessary. When diagnosed timely and treated according to severity and overall situation, @entity2 have an acceptable morbidity, but usually a high mortality.

title: XXXX in severe @entity1 : early diagnosis and therapy improve the outcome.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a dangerous complication in @entity4 , and experience with its diagnosis and treatment is usually limited. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of 3,840 @entity0 admitted after multiple @entity1 from January 1, 1982, until May 31, 2000. RESULTS: A laparotomy was performed in 121 cases (3.15%) due to suspected @entity5 . 32% of the @entity0 (39/121) had a @entity2 ; 23% (9/39) had a rupture of the major pancreatic duct. Primary laparotomy was performed in 72% of the @entity0 (28/39). Superficial lesions were treated by explorative laparotomy alone (n = 7), debridement and external drainage (n = 20), or necrosectomy and lavage (n = 3). @entity2 were treated by pancreatojejunostomies (n = 5), pancreatic left resections (n = 2), or exploration alone (n = 2). 8 of 39 @entity0 died (20%), 4 intraoperatively. Of the surviving 35 @entity0 , a pancreas-associated complication developed in 8 @entity0 (23%): pancreatic abscesses (n = 4), traumatic @entity3 (n = 3), @entity6 (n = 2), and @entity7 (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 is an infrequent but dangerous complication in severe @entity1 . Superficial lesions not affecting the major pancreatic duct can be managed by debridement and external drainage. If the major pancreatic duct is ruptured, organ-preserving, complex reconstructive procedures are necessary. When diagnosed timely and treated according to severity and overall situation, @entity2 have an acceptable morbidity, but usually a high mortality.

title: @entity2 in severe XXXX : early diagnosis and therapy improve the outcome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This paper presents a critical assessment of protein C (PC) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) functional and immunological approaches with regard to DNA sequencing in a large hospital recruitment for @entity1 exploration in more than 1700 consecutive @entity0 . After examination of clinical status and PC and @entity2 phenotype, a genotypic study was implemented for 17 @entity4 and 28 @entity2 @entity0 (activity < 70%). Sixty-five percent of the genotyped @entity4 @entity0 were found to have heterozygous mutations. Among the < 70% values, decreases in PC activity without gene mutation were always slight (mean value 64 +/- 7%) while @entity0 presenting a PC gene mutation had a mean 50 +/- 17% activity (P < 0.05). Among the eight PC mutations found, only one has previously been described. A novel mutation in the promoter region (-1522), located in the @entity3 site and associated with the @entity5 heterozygous mutation, was found in a 9-month-old @entity0 with 4% PC activity. Determination of @entity2 functional activity was considerably improved by contemporaneous measurement of calibration and samples in a single step. Only 50% of the genotyped @entity2 @entity0 demonstrated heterozygous alterations of the gene. The benefit of sequencing to identify putative causal mutations was only 39% in @entity2 @entity0 , while it was 90% in @entity0 . Among the nine @entity2 mutations found, six have not yet been published. In the present paper, we explain our methodological choices and diagnostic strategy.

title: Protein C and XXXX assessment in hospital laboratories: which strategy and what role for DNA sequencing?

answer: @entity2


abstract: A patient with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and a history of heparin-induced @entity2 required lepirudin therapy. The @entity0 had an abnormal baseline activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), complicating management of his therapy. We investigated whether an alternative monitoring system, using a dry reagent technology [ @entity1 ( @entity1 )], could be used to monitor the @entity0 's whole blood ecarin clot time (ECT) and aPTT. Baseline values for the ECT and aPTT were normal with this system. During a continuous infusion of lepirudin, the @entity0 's whole blood ECT was maintained between a desired range of 150-200 s for 73% of the time. Similarly, his whole blood aPTT was maintained between 60 and 80 s for 80% of the time. In contrast, the @entity0 's plasma-based aPTT by standard methods was consistently > 150 s. The @entity0 underwent surgical procedures without complications. To further investigate the finding that the patient's antibody did not affect the aPTT with this system, we performed the ECT and the aPTT assays on the @entity1 Analyzer with plasma samples from 10 @entity0 with @entity3 and abnormal aPTTs. All 10 samples had plasma ECT values within the normal range. Four @entity0 had normalization of the aPTT, suggesting that a subset of @entity0 with @entity3 may benefit from the @entity1 aPTT assay when monitoring heparin or other anticoagulation therapy.

title: Management of lepirudin therapy for a patient with XXXX using the whole blood ecarin clot time and activated partial thromboplastin time.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 with @entity1 may develop differences in limb length; when severe, limb length equalization may be recommended. Serial bone ages are necessary to predict when to perform equalization procedures. By convention, the left hand is always used to determine bone age. There is little information regarding the effect of @entity2 on bone age. It was postulated that @entity0 with left @entity2 will show a delay in bone age compared with those with right @entity2 , and it was the purpose of this study to review this question. A retrospective review of 38 @entity0 (27 @entity0 , 11 @entity0 ) with @entity1 between 1980 and 2000 was performed. The @entity2 involved the right side in 21 and the left side in 17. The hand-wrist bone age was determined by one observer using the Greulich and @entity3 . The paired t test was used to analyze for differences between bone age and chronologic age. There was no difference between the average chronologic age (12.0+/-3.5 years) and average bone age (12.0+/-3.7 years) (P=0.83). There was no difference between the chronologic and bone age for either those with right @entity2 (P=0.65) or left @entity2 (P=0.87). It is not necessary to obtain radiographs of both hands in @entity0 with @entity2 during routine monitoring of limb length discrepancies.

title: Bone age in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 with @entity1 may develop differences in limb length; when severe, limb length equalization may be recommended. Serial bone ages are necessary to predict when to perform equalization procedures. By convention, the left hand is always used to determine bone age. There is little information regarding the effect of @entity2 on bone age. It was postulated that @entity0 with left @entity2 will show a delay in bone age compared with those with right @entity2 , and it was the purpose of this study to review this question. A retrospective review of 38 @entity0 (27 @entity0 , 11 @entity0 ) with @entity1 between 1980 and 2000 was performed. The @entity2 involved the right side in 21 and the left side in 17. The hand-wrist bone age was determined by one observer using the Greulich and @entity3 . The paired t test was used to analyze for differences between bone age and chronologic age. There was no difference between the average chronologic age (12.0+/-3.5 years) and average bone age (12.0+/-3.7 years) (P=0.83). There was no difference between the chronologic and bone age for either those with right @entity2 (P=0.65) or left @entity2 (P=0.87). It is not necessary to obtain radiographs of both hands in @entity0 with @entity2 during routine monitoring of limb length discrepancies.

title: Bone age in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential application of @entity4 (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for @entity2 screening in asymptomatic individuals. The subjects consisted of 3210 physical check-up examinees (1736 @entity0 , 1474 @entity0 ; mean age +/- SD, 53.2 +/- 8 y) with non-specific medical history. In the control group, 12 @entity0 who had gastrointestinal symptoms with biopsy-proved @entity6 were recruited. Whole-body FDG PET was performed on all @entity0 . Focal hypermetabolic areas with an intensity equal to or exceeding the level of FDG uptake in the brain and bladder were considered abnormal and interpreted as intraluminal @entity1 . Among the 3210 FDG PET examinations, advanced @entity1 was present in 20 examinations, including 2 tubular adenomas larger than 1 cm, 12 @entity1 . Of 6 examinees diagnosed with @entity1 , one had a Dukes stage A lesion, four had Dukes stage B lesion and one had a Dukes stage C lesion. In the control group, of 12 @entity0 with biopsy-proved @entity3 followed by FDG PET scan, six had a Dukes stage B lesion, four had Dukes stage C lesion and two had a Dukes stage D lesion. The mean and standard deviation of standard uptake value (SUV) in @entity7 and @entity3 is 3.56 +/- 0.68 and 5.74 +/- 2.26, respectively. The sensitivity of using FDG PET in the detection of primary @entity2 is high. Primary @entity2 can be detected with FDG PET in a resectable stage. FDG PET could detect large size (> 0.7 cm) and pre-malignant change of @entity7 . It is possible to differentiate @entity5 from @entity6 by an increased rate of glycolysis (SUV) in @entity3 .

title: XXXX screening in asymptomatic adults: the role of FDG PET scan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Thirty cases of @entity3 of low malignant potential (ETLMP) were studied and compared with 32 cases of well-differentiated @entity5 . ETLMP was distinguished from well-differentiated @entity5 by the absence of destructive stromal invasion, glandular confluence, or stromal disappearance. @entity4 in a low malignant potential @entity2 was defined as areas showing grade 3 nuclei, sometimes associated with an intracystic villoglandular or cribriform pattern. Microinvasion in an ETLMP was defined as one or more areas of invasion with an area of < or =10 mm2. Because a cribriform pattern may be seen in purely intraglandular proliferations, the latter was not taken as evidence of invasion. The @entity0 with ETLMP ranged from 28 to 86 years of age (mean 54.9 years), and only one @entity0 (3%) had other than stage I disease at presentation. The @entity0 with well-differentiated @entity5 ranged from 26 to 87 years of age (mean 51.1 years), and three @entity0 (9%) had stage II disease at presentation. An adenofibromatous pattern was present in 47% of cases of ETLMP and squamous differentiation in 47%; @entity4 occurred in 7% of cases and stromal microinvasion in 7%. None of these findings appeared to influence the prognosis because all @entity0 with ETLMP were free of recurrent disease or @entity1 on follow-up, whereas 20% of @entity0 with well-differentiated @entity5 followed for >6 months developed recurrent disease. Thus, the prognosis of ETLMP, when defined by the above criteria, is favorable and is superior to that of well-differentiated @entity5 .

title: @entity3 of low malignant potential: a clinicopathologic study of 30 cases with comparison to well-differentiated XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Thirty cases of @entity3 of low malignant potential (ETLMP) were studied and compared with 32 cases of well-differentiated @entity5 . ETLMP was distinguished from well-differentiated @entity5 by the absence of destructive stromal invasion, glandular confluence, or stromal disappearance. @entity4 in a low malignant potential @entity2 was defined as areas showing grade 3 nuclei, sometimes associated with an intracystic villoglandular or cribriform pattern. Microinvasion in an ETLMP was defined as one or more areas of invasion with an area of < or =10 mm2. Because a cribriform pattern may be seen in purely intraglandular proliferations, the latter was not taken as evidence of invasion. The @entity0 with ETLMP ranged from 28 to 86 years of age (mean 54.9 years), and only one @entity0 (3%) had other than stage I disease at presentation. The @entity0 with well-differentiated @entity5 ranged from 26 to 87 years of age (mean 51.1 years), and three @entity0 (9%) had stage II disease at presentation. An adenofibromatous pattern was present in 47% of cases of ETLMP and squamous differentiation in 47%; @entity4 occurred in 7% of cases and stromal microinvasion in 7%. None of these findings appeared to influence the prognosis because all @entity0 with ETLMP were free of recurrent disease or @entity1 on follow-up, whereas 20% of @entity0 with well-differentiated @entity5 followed for >6 months developed recurrent disease. Thus, the prognosis of ETLMP, when defined by the above criteria, is favorable and is superior to that of well-differentiated @entity5 .

title: XXXX of low malignant potential: a clinicopathologic study of 30 cases with comparison to well-differentiated @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Surgical correction of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) focuses on the asymmetry of the forehead and orbits. However, there is controversy regarding whether nasal angulation should be addressed during primary fronto-orbital advancement in infancy. This prospective study was undertaken to answer that question. Preoperative and postoperative anthropometric measurements were obtained for 19 @entity0 with nonsyndromic @entity1 . The measurements included nasal angulation, nasion-to-endocanthion distance, nasion-to-exocanthion distance, and exocanthion-to-tragion distance. All @entity0 underwent bilateral parallelogrammatic fronto-orbital correction. Closing wedge nasal ostectomy was performed for group I (n = 14) and was not performed for group II (n = 5). The average age at the time of follow-up assessments was 3 years 8 months (range, 1 to 14 years) in group I and 5 years 5 months (range, 2 to 15 years) in group II. A statistically significant change was observed for @entity0 who underwent primary correction of nasal angulation; the change correlated with improved naso-orbital symmetry, as judged with nasion-to-endocanthion and nasion-to-exocanthion measurements (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Group I @entity0 exhibited an average preoperative nasal angulation of 9.15 +/- 0.8 degrees that decreased to 3.1 +/- 0.6 degrees postoperatively (p < 0.01). Group II @entity0 exhibited an average preoperative nasal angulation of 6.4 +/- 0.7 degrees that was unchanged postoperatively at 7.2 +/- 1 degrees. The improvement in nasal angulation in group I was particularly striking because the @entity0 in group II exhibited, on average, a lesser degree of preoperative nasal deviation (p < 0.01). This prospective comparison of fronto-orbital correction of @entity1 with and without nasal correction confirmed an earlier study and demonstrated that angulation of the nasal pyramid does not self-correct within 5 years after traditional bilateral fronto-orbital repair. Closing wedge nasal ostectomy results in improved nasal angulation and naso-orbital symmetry, without evidence of distortion or inhibition of nasal growth.

title: Anthropometric study of XXXX : before and after fronto-orbital advancement with correction of nasal angulation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study was conducted to assess the outcome of transcaruncular orbital decompression to treat @entity3 in thyroid-related orbitopathy. It involved a retrospective, noncomparative case series of 18 eyes of 10 consecutive @entity0 with documented vision loss secondary to thyroid-related orbitopathy. Bony decompression of the orbital apex was performed via a transcaruncular approach. Main outcome measures were visual acuity, color vision, presence of @entity2 , and reduction of exophthalmos. Of 18 eyes, 16 (89 percent) had improved visual acuity after the operation. One eye had no improvement and one had worsening of vision in the setting of @entity1 . Color vision was improved in 12 eyes (67 percent). Five of the @entity0 did not have @entity2 before the operation; none of these @entity0 developed @entity2 after intervention. Exophthalmos was decreased by an average of 2.6 mm. The authors conclude that transcaruncular orbital decompression for @entity3 in thyroid-related orbitopathy is successful in restoring visual function. Compared with other approaches used for decompression surgery, the transcaruncular approach offers direct access to the medial wall and orbital apex without a cutaneous incision or disruption of the medial canthus. In addition, this approach allows a controlled, graded removal of the ethmoidal air cells and reduced recovery time.

title: Transcaruncular orbital decompression for management of XXXX in thyroid-related orbitopathy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of @entity3 tooth bleaching, including Crest Whitestrips @entity2 treatments, on the @entity1 susceptibility and surface morphology of @entity0 tooth enamel in vitro. METHODOLOGY: Extracted @entity0 molars were ground and polished to prepare a uniform substrate for bleaching treatments. A cycling treatment methodology was employed which alternated ex vivo @entity0 salivary exposures with bleaching treatments under conditions of controlled temperature and durations of treatment. Bleaching treatments included commercial Crest Whitestrips bleaching gels, which utilize @entity2 as the in situ bleaching source, and several commercial @entity4 bleaching gels. Control treatments included placebo gels and an untreated group. Crest Whitestrips bleaching included treatment exposures simulating recommended clinical exposures (14 hours of bleaching), along with excess bleaching simulating exposure to five times the suggested Crest Whitestrips use. At the conclusion of treatments, surface color measurements were taken to ensure tooth bleaching. Surface microhardness measures and surface morphological assessments with SEM were conducted to assess the effects of bleaching exposure on the surface morphology and mineral integrity of the teeth. These latter measures were then complemented with assessments of @entity1 susceptibility utilizing detailed analyses of crack propagation resulting from post-treatment microhardness indentations. RESULTS: Surface microhardness and SEM measures revealed no deleterious effects on the enamel surfaces from any of the bleaching products assessed. This included conditions of excess bleaching exposure or "overbleaching." The analysis of @entity1 susceptibility similarly revealed no significant effects from tooth bleaching, regardless of the @entity3 source. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that tooth bleaching from the selected commercial @entity2 or @entity4 bleaching systems do not produce changes in surface morphology, microhardness or @entity1 susceptibility of @entity0 tooth enamel under in vitro cycling conditions of treatment matching clinical bleaching exposures. These results support the clinical safety of the selected commercial bleaching systems to vital dentition, matching results obtained from the long-term use of these ingredients applied in dental offices and available in commercial formulations.

title: Effects of Crest Whitestrips bleaching on surface morphology and XXXX susceptibility of teeth in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The eye primordium of the moth, @entity1 , shows two different developmental responses to ecdysteroids depending on the concentration to which it is exposed. Tonic exposure to moderate levels of @entity4 (20E) or its precursor, @entity2 , are required for progression of the morphogenetic furrow across the primordium. Proliferation, cell-type specification and organization of immature ommatidial clusters occur in conjunction with furrow progression. These events can be reversibly started or stopped in cultured primordia simply by adjusting levels of @entity3 to be above or below a critical threshold concentration. In contrast, high levels of 20E cause maturation of the photoreceptors and the support cells that comprise the ommatidia. Ommatidial maturation normally occurs after the furrow has crossed the primordium, but premature exposure to high levels of 20E at any time causes precocious maturation. In such cases, the @entity0 irreversibly and cells behind the furrow produce a well-formed, but miniature, eye. Precocious and catastrophic metamorphosis occurs throughout such animals, suggesting that ecdysteroids control development of other tissues in a manner similar to the eye. The threshold concentrations of 20E required for furrow progression versus ommatidial maturation differ by about 17-fold. This capacity to regulate distinct phases of development by different concentrations of a single hormone is probably achieved by differential sensitivity of target gene promoters to induction by the hormone-bound receptor(s).

title: Ecdysteroids govern two phases of eye development during metamorphosis of the moth, XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many histopathologic parameters in @entity3 have been identified as predictive factors for cervical lymph @entity1 . However, predictive factors for occult cervical lymph node @entity1 and the criterion for elective therapy remain inconclusive. This study analyzed the clinicopathologic factors associated with late cervical lymph node @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity5 . METHODS: The clinicopathologic features of 50 consecutive @entity0 seen between January 1985-December 1996 with previously untreated stage I or II @entity3 were reviewed. All @entity0 were treated with partial glossectomy without elective neck dissection. Their mean age was 54.5 y (range, 23-90 y) and the male-female ratio was 1.2:1 (27 @entity0 and 23 @entity0 ); 30 cases were stage I, and 20 cases were stage II. Clinicopathologic factors were analyzed to determine factors predicting late cervical @entity4 . RESULTS: The overall cervical @entity4 rate was 14.0% (7 of 50). Clinicopathologic factors significantly associated with the development of cervical @entity4 were @entity2 size (> or =30 mm), @entity2 depth (> or =4 mm), differentiation, mode of invasion, microvascular invasion, and histologic grade of @entity2 . In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, moderately differentiated @entity3 with @entity2 depth > or =4 mm had predictive value for late cervical @entity4 and diminished overall survival (odds ratio, 10.0; p =.02; hazards ratio, 7.0; p =.039). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate @entity2 depth > or =4 mm moderately differentiated @entity3 have a substantially higher rate of late cervical @entity1 . In the basis of these data, it is our recommendation that this be used in the decision to electively treat the neck.

title: Risk factors for late cervical lymph node XXXX in @entity0 with stage I or II @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many histopathologic parameters in @entity3 have been identified as predictive factors for cervical lymph @entity1 . However, predictive factors for occult cervical lymph node @entity1 and the criterion for elective therapy remain inconclusive. This study analyzed the clinicopathologic factors associated with late cervical lymph node @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity5 . METHODS: The clinicopathologic features of 50 consecutive @entity0 seen between January 1985-December 1996 with previously untreated stage I or II @entity3 were reviewed. All @entity0 were treated with partial glossectomy without elective neck dissection. Their mean age was 54.5 y (range, 23-90 y) and the male-female ratio was 1.2:1 (27 @entity0 and 23 @entity0 ); 30 cases were stage I, and 20 cases were stage II. Clinicopathologic factors were analyzed to determine factors predicting late cervical @entity4 . RESULTS: The overall cervical @entity4 rate was 14.0% (7 of 50). Clinicopathologic factors significantly associated with the development of cervical @entity4 were @entity2 size (> or =30 mm), @entity2 depth (> or =4 mm), differentiation, mode of invasion, microvascular invasion, and histologic grade of @entity2 . In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, moderately differentiated @entity3 with @entity2 depth > or =4 mm had predictive value for late cervical @entity4 and diminished overall survival (odds ratio, 10.0; p =.02; hazards ratio, 7.0; p =.039). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate @entity2 depth > or =4 mm moderately differentiated @entity3 have a substantially higher rate of late cervical @entity1 . In the basis of these data, it is our recommendation that this be used in the decision to electively treat the neck.

title: Risk factors for late cervical lymph node @entity1 in @entity0 with stage I or II XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many histopathologic parameters in @entity3 have been identified as predictive factors for cervical lymph @entity1 . However, predictive factors for occult cervical lymph node @entity1 and the criterion for elective therapy remain inconclusive. This study analyzed the clinicopathologic factors associated with late cervical lymph node @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity5 . METHODS: The clinicopathologic features of 50 consecutive @entity0 seen between January 1985-December 1996 with previously untreated stage I or II @entity3 were reviewed. All @entity0 were treated with partial glossectomy without elective neck dissection. Their mean age was 54.5 y (range, 23-90 y) and the male-female ratio was 1.2:1 (27 @entity0 and 23 @entity0 ); 30 cases were stage I, and 20 cases were stage II. Clinicopathologic factors were analyzed to determine factors predicting late cervical @entity4 . RESULTS: The overall cervical @entity4 rate was 14.0% (7 of 50). Clinicopathologic factors significantly associated with the development of cervical @entity4 were @entity2 size (> or =30 mm), @entity2 depth (> or =4 mm), differentiation, mode of invasion, microvascular invasion, and histologic grade of @entity2 . In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, moderately differentiated @entity3 with @entity2 depth > or =4 mm had predictive value for late cervical @entity4 and diminished overall survival (odds ratio, 10.0; p =.02; hazards ratio, 7.0; p =.039). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate @entity2 depth > or =4 mm moderately differentiated @entity3 have a substantially higher rate of late cervical @entity1 . In the basis of these data, it is our recommendation that this be used in the decision to electively treat the neck.

title: Risk factors for late cervical lymph node @entity1 in XXXX with stage I or II @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is controversy regarding bronchial responsiveness to b2-agonist drugs in @entity0 . Epithelial shedding in the airways is a pathological feature of @entity0 . Therefore, the present study focused on the effect of epithelial denudation of @entity1 tracheal chains in response to @entity3 and b-adrenergic receptor blockade. MATERIAL/METHODS: In control (group 1, n=10), epithelium-denuded (group 2, n=10), and epithelium-denuded + epithelial cell (group 3 n=6) we measured the responses of tracheal chains to cumulative concentrations of @entity3 (I) in the absence and presence of 10 nM @entity2 , and the value of EC50I was calculated. The @entity2 blockade (CR-1) was calculated as the ratio of post @entity2 EC50I to initial EC50I. RESULTS: The tracheal responses to @entity3 (EC50I) in groups 2 and 3 was significantly higher than in the controls (p<0.05 for both cases), but was not significantly different between the groups 2 and 3. The values of CR-1 in group 2 only was significantly higher than the controls (p<0.001). The mean CR-1 in group 3 was significantly lower than in group 2 (p<0.01). There was significant negative correlation between EC50I and CR-1 in all three groups (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate increased tracheal response to a b-adrenergic stimulating drug in both groups 1 and 2, and enhancement of b-adrenergic blockade by @entity2 only in group 1. These results may indicate some of the mechanisms of @entity0 aggravation by b2-antagonist drugs.

title: The influence of epithelium on the responsiveness of XXXX trachea to -adrenergic agonist and antagonist.

answer: @entity1


abstract: It is thought that galanin, a 29 amino acid neuropeptide, is involved in various neuronal functions, including the regulation of food intake and hormone release. Consistent with this idea, galanin receptors have been demonstrated throughout the brain, with high levels being observed in the hypothalamus. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which galanin elicits its actions in the brain. Therefore, we studied the effects of galanin and its analogs on synaptic transmission using an in vitro slice preparation of @entity0 hypothalamus. In arcuate nucleus neurons, application of @entity5 resulted in an inhibition of evoked glutamatergic EPSCs and a decrease in @entity2 , indicating a presynaptic action. The fragments galanin 1-16 and 1-15 produced a robust @entity2 of synaptic transmission, whereas the fragment 3-29 produced a @entity2 . The chimeric peptides C7, M15, M32, and M40, which have been reported to antagonize some actions of galanin, all produced varying degrees of @entity2 of evoked EPSCs. In a minority of cases, C7, M15, and M40 antagonized the actions of galanin. Analysis of mEPSCs in the presence of @entity4 and @entity3 , or after application of alpha-latrotoxin, indicated a site of action for galanin downstream of @entity1 entry. Thus, our data suggest that galanin acts via several subtypes of presynaptic receptors to depress synaptic transmission in the @entity0 arcuate nucleus.

title: XXXX receptor-mediated inhibition of glutamate release in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1 are often difficult to diagnose because the specific symptoms of @entity6 (revival, hyperarousal, avoidance) are rarely a direct demand for health care: for reasons determined by the psychopathological structure of @entity2 , its symptomatology and course, the psychotraumatised subjects seek a care system for nonspecific @entity8 : @entity5 , @entity0 , other @entity3 , histrionic and obsessive symptoms, changes in personality, @entity8 and @entity8 . @entity4 may also result from a @entity7 , addictive or consequences of risk behaviours during the evolution of @entity6 . OBJECTIVES: To establish a correlation between the PCLS and the evaluation of the healthcare consumption in a military population. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter epidemiological study analyzing the PCLS and a questionnaire assessing health care consumption. The PCLS has been studied in various forms: quantitative (17  to 85), in qualitative classes (<33, 33  to 43  and >= 44), and in five sub-dimensions (flashbacks, avoidance, dissociation, @entity5 and @entity9 ). The sub-dimension revival was then studied item by item. The criteria used care consumption over the last twelve months is the numbers of days of sick leave, days of unavailability (of certain jobs or military activities) and consultations. RESULTS: Our population of 340  subjects cannot be considered representative of the French military population even if only a few characteristics differ. Sixteen of 340  subjects show a positive PCLS is 4.70% of our sample. PCLS average of 23 (  9.4) with a median of 19  objectifying much of PCLS have almost zero score. Validating our main hypothesis, we found a statistically significant relationship between elements of the PCLS and variables care consumption: this link exists mainly between the score, classes and sub-dimensions of the PCLS in one hand and number of days of sick leave and unavailability on the other hand. DISCUSSION: Towards a strategy for tracking @entity1 , could be developed a score of health care consumption which would include the number of days of sick leave and unavailability, the number and quality of medical consultations, the number and quality of drug and laboratory requirements, the number of hospitalisations. To the identification of @entity6 , the PCLS score as well as the consumer healthcare score are valuable tools but do not replace the subjectivity of the clinical relationship: return to this shared subjectivity with the practitioner remains a diagnostic dimension, but also therapeutic, fundamental.

title: [Correlation between specific and nonspecific XXXX symptoms with healthcare consumption among 340  French soldiers].

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to establish a reliable educational model for and a further refinement of arthroscopic surgery in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: As a first step, the lateral-medial (length) and anterior-posterior distances (width) of the mandibular head of nine @entity3 cadavers (country breed) of about 30 ( n=3), 60 ( n=3) and 90 kg ( n=3) body weight were measured and compared with findings in 12 adult @entity0 cadavers. The best points of access for the arthroscopic and lavage channels using the triangulation technique were determined. As determined by these findings, 15 arthroscopies were performed on eight @entity3 TMJs under general anaesthetic. A control arthroscopy was performed after 2 weeks followed by another clinical follow-up at 4 weeks before the @entity3 were sacrificed. RESULTS: The @entity2 of the @entity3 between 30 and 60 kg body weight was found to be highly comparable to the @entity0 @entity2 . The best locations for puncturing the upper joint compartment of the @entity2 in @entity3 were 5.0 cm and 6.1 cm anterior to the tragus on a line drawn along the lower margin of the zygoma. The only complication encountered was a @entity1 treated successfully by antibiotics and incision. CONCLUSIONS: In our opinion, a standard and easily reproducible model is necessary for further studies in arthroscopic @entity2 -surgery. The country bred @entity3 represents a good model for educational purposes and for studying further refinements of arthroscopic technique.

title: [Development, standardisation and evaluation of a model for arthroscopic surgery of the joint. An experimental study in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of stage IIIc poorly differentiated @entity2 with @entity3 differentiation and to review previously reported cases. METHODS: The clinical course and histopathology of the case were reviewed, and a literature search for other reported cases was performed. RESULTS: The @entity1 contained syncytiotrophoblast-like giant cells that stained positively for the beta subunit of @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), and the patient's serum beta-hCG level was elevated (95 mIU/ml), but became undetectable after treatment. Beta-hCG was used as a @entity1 marker during further therapy. At 16 months' survival, she remains without evidence of disease and with a beta-hCG (level < 5 mIU/ml). Nine other cases of @entity3 differentiation in gynecologic @entity1 have been reported, five in @entity2 which we review. CONCLUSIONS: Trophoblastic differentiation in gynecologic @entity1 is rare. Beta-hCG may be useful as a @entity1 marker in these cases. The clinical behavior of these @entity1 has been aggressive, with advanced stages at diagnosis, early widespread metastases or recurrences and poor @entity0 outcomes. The @entity0 presented in this report, however, remains without evidence of disease 16 months following diagnosis and may be the longest survivor with this @entity1 reported to date.

title: @entity2 with XXXX differentiation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of stage IIIc poorly differentiated @entity2 with @entity3 differentiation and to review previously reported cases. METHODS: The clinical course and histopathology of the case were reviewed, and a literature search for other reported cases was performed. RESULTS: The @entity1 contained syncytiotrophoblast-like giant cells that stained positively for the beta subunit of @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), and the patient's serum beta-hCG level was elevated (95 mIU/ml), but became undetectable after treatment. Beta-hCG was used as a @entity1 marker during further therapy. At 16 months' survival, she remains without evidence of disease and with a beta-hCG (level < 5 mIU/ml). Nine other cases of @entity3 differentiation in gynecologic @entity1 have been reported, five in @entity2 which we review. CONCLUSIONS: Trophoblastic differentiation in gynecologic @entity1 is rare. Beta-hCG may be useful as a @entity1 marker in these cases. The clinical behavior of these @entity1 has been aggressive, with advanced stages at diagnosis, early widespread metastases or recurrences and poor @entity0 outcomes. The @entity0 presented in this report, however, remains without evidence of disease 16 months following diagnosis and may be the longest survivor with this @entity1 reported to date.

title: XXXX with @entity3 differentiation.

answer: @entity2