abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine the differences in presentation, complications, management and outcome of elderly @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) compared to young @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: All case-notes with a discharge or death diagnosis ofAMI between January and July 1999 at a restructured hospital in Singapore were reviewed retropectively. @entity0 were categorised into those younger than 65 years (young) and those 65 years or older (elderly). Data on the demographic and clinical profile of @entity0 were collected. RESULTS: There were 112 young and 101 elderly @entity1 @entity0 . @entity2 was the most common presentation in both age groups, but more likely in the young than the elderly (89.3% vs 66.3%; p < 0.001). Atypical presentations were more likely in the elderly, with @entity4 as the most common presentation (20.8% vs 5.4%; p < 0.001). The elderly were more likely to have complications of @entity3 (65.3% vs 25%; p < 0.001) and @entity5 (8.9% vs 0.9%; p = 0.006). The elderly were less likely to receive thrombolytic therapy (35.8% vs 64.8%; p < 0.001) as they were more likely to have contraindications (34.5% vs 6.8%; p = 0.002). The elderly were also less likely to receive beta-blockers (21.8% vs 60.7%; p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was higher in the elderly (20.8% vs 2.7%; p < 0.001). @entity5 complicating @entity1 was associated with high in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 @entity0 , @entity2 was the most common presentation in both age groups, though less frequently in the elderly. Atypical presentations were more likely in the elderly, with @entity4 as the most common atypical presentation. In elderly @entity1 @entity0 , prevalence of @entity3 was higher, use of beta-blockers was lower and in-hospital mortality was higher than young @entity0 .

title: Acute XXXX in the elderly--the differences compared with the young.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 frequently contains oncogenetic defects (mutations in ras, @entity4 , and @entity2 genes) that contribute to disease pathophysiology. Recent studies and clinical trials have focused on gene therapy approaches that either replace the function of defective @entity1 -suppressor genes such as @entity2 or inactivate mutant oncogenes such as ras. Ribozymes are RNA molecules with highly specific intrinsic enzymatic activity against target RNA sequences, which can discriminate mutant sequences that differ by a single base from their wild-type counterparts. Following binding to the RNA substrate by base-pair complementation, the ribozyme cleaves the target RNA irreversibly, then releases itself for new rounds of subsequent cleavage, resulting in significantly improved target:effector stoichiometry as compared with antisense oligonucleotides of the same specificity. Transcript-specific ribozymes have been used extensively for experimental oncogene inactivation. Ribozymes are effective for targeting mutant ras, @entity2 , or the multidrug-resistant gene product for @entity0 cells in vitro. However, their in vivo effect is not well defined against this malignancy. We recently characterized the antitumor properties of an anti- @entity3 ribozyme specific for the @entity3 codon 12 mutation ( @entity6 ). When delivered as a transgene by an adenoviral vector (ADV), the @entity3 ribozyme (KRbz) suppressed growth of @entity0 xenografts expressing the relevant mutation, whereas the corresponding antisense sequence lacking catalytic activity did not. Multiple intratumoral (3-5) injections of KRbz-ADV were effective in producing complete @entity1 regressions of preexisting @entity1 xenografts. Clinical trials are under consideration to examine the applicability of this anti- @entity3 ribozyme for treatment of @entity5 expressing the relevant mutation.

title: Potential clinical application of antioncogene ribozymes for human XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess visual function more than 10 years after an episode of @entity2 in @entity0 enrolled in the @entity2 Treatment Trial. DESIGN: Longitudinal follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Vision testing included measures of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual field. Quality of life was assessed with the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire. RESULTS: Examinations were completed on 319 @entity0 . In most @entity0 , visual function test results in the eyes that experienced @entity2 at study entry ("affected eyes") were normal or only slightly abnormal after 9.9 to 13.7 years. Visual acuity in the affected eyes was >or=20/20 in 74%, 20/25 to 20/40 in 18%, <20/40 to 20/200 in 5%, and <20/200 in 3%. On average, visual function was worse in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) than in those without @entity1 . Recurrent @entity2 in either eye occurred in 35% of @entity0 . Such attacks were more frequent in @entity0 with @entity1 (P <.001). The National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire scores were lower when visual acuity was abnormal and when @entity1 was present. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity0 retained good to excellent vision more than 10 years after an attack of @entity2 . Recurrences were more frequent in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Visual function more than 10 years after @entity2 : experience of the XXXX treatment trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess visual function more than 10 years after an episode of @entity2 in @entity0 enrolled in the @entity2 Treatment Trial. DESIGN: Longitudinal follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Vision testing included measures of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual field. Quality of life was assessed with the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire. RESULTS: Examinations were completed on 319 @entity0 . In most @entity0 , visual function test results in the eyes that experienced @entity2 at study entry ("affected eyes") were normal or only slightly abnormal after 9.9 to 13.7 years. Visual acuity in the affected eyes was >or=20/20 in 74%, 20/25 to 20/40 in 18%, <20/40 to 20/200 in 5%, and <20/200 in 3%. On average, visual function was worse in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) than in those without @entity1 . Recurrent @entity2 in either eye occurred in 35% of @entity0 . Such attacks were more frequent in @entity0 with @entity1 (P <.001). The National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire scores were lower when visual acuity was abnormal and when @entity1 was present. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity0 retained good to excellent vision more than 10 years after an attack of @entity2 . Recurrences were more frequent in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Visual function more than 10 years after XXXX : experience of the @entity2 treatment trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The relation between @entity4 and @entity8 is complex. @entity2 is probably involved in the elevated blood pressure found in @entity1 @entity0 . In @entity7 onset @entity1 , @entity0 may also have @entity4 which is associated with @entity3 or essential @entity4 . It has been suggested that in both types of @entity1 , @entity4 enhances the development of @entity8 . Moreover, an aggressive antihypertensive treatment seems able to reduce rate of @entity2 in insulin-dependent @entity1 @entity0 with patent @entity2 . In this work, @entity6 clearance and microalbuminuria in 20 @entity1 @entity0 (mostly with @entity7 -onset- @entity1 ) with known moderate and effectively treated @entity4 were therefore measured and the results were compared with those for 18 normotensive @entity1 @entity0 and 22 controls. Duration of @entity1 was from one to 26 years (mean: 11 years) and duration of @entity4 was from one to 35 years (mean: 10 years). @entity0 and controls had normal serum @entity6 and proteinuria below 0.1 g/l. Microalbuminuria was measured by immunonephelometric assay using specific antiserum (sensitivity = 1.5 mg/l; intra and interassay coefficients: 6.5% and 8% respectively). The highest value was observed in @entity4 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity5 (group 1). But @entity4 @entity0 without @entity5 (group 2) and normotensive @entity0 also had significantly increased microalbuminuria. In group 1, microalbuminuria was significantly higher than in group 2. The @entity6 clearance was reduced in groups 1 and 2 versus normotensive @entity1 , but @entity4 @entity0 were older.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Microalbuminuria in @entity1 with moderate XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The relation between @entity4 and @entity8 is complex. @entity2 is probably involved in the elevated blood pressure found in @entity1 @entity0 . In @entity7 onset @entity1 , @entity0 may also have @entity4 which is associated with @entity3 or essential @entity4 . It has been suggested that in both types of @entity1 , @entity4 enhances the development of @entity8 . Moreover, an aggressive antihypertensive treatment seems able to reduce rate of @entity2 in insulin-dependent @entity1 @entity0 with patent @entity2 . In this work, @entity6 clearance and microalbuminuria in 20 @entity1 @entity0 (mostly with @entity7 -onset- @entity1 ) with known moderate and effectively treated @entity4 were therefore measured and the results were compared with those for 18 normotensive @entity1 @entity0 and 22 controls. Duration of @entity1 was from one to 26 years (mean: 11 years) and duration of @entity4 was from one to 35 years (mean: 10 years). @entity0 and controls had normal serum @entity6 and proteinuria below 0.1 g/l. Microalbuminuria was measured by immunonephelometric assay using specific antiserum (sensitivity = 1.5 mg/l; intra and interassay coefficients: 6.5% and 8% respectively). The highest value was observed in @entity4 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity5 (group 1). But @entity4 @entity0 without @entity5 (group 2) and normotensive @entity0 also had significantly increased microalbuminuria. In group 1, microalbuminuria was significantly higher than in group 2. The @entity6 clearance was reduced in groups 1 and 2 versus normotensive @entity1 , but @entity4 @entity0 were older.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Microalbuminuria in XXXX with moderate @entity4 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have investigated specific strategies for @entity1 management. None has involved collaboration between primary and secondary care. Potential gains for @entity0 may result from collaborative strategies. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of an integrated management approach for @entity0 with @entity1 on general practice. METHODS: The study design was a cluster randomized controlled trial of integrated primary/ secondary care compared with usual care for @entity1 @entity0 . The study took place at Auckland Hospital, New Zealand and involved 197 @entity0 admitted with an episode of @entity1 . @entity0 were randomized to management group or control group (who received "usual" care). Management group @entity0 received early clinical review, education sessions, a personal diary for medications and weight, and regular clinical follow-up alternating between GP and hospital clinic. Follow-up was for 12 months. RESULTS: @entity0 visited GPs frequently (median 14 visits, range 0-40), with no statistical difference between the two groups. @entity1 was the most common reason for consulting the GP. There was no relationship between GP consultations and @entity0 ' attendance at the study clinic, or hospital admissions. Management group GPs and @entity0 expressed a high level of satisfaction. CONCLUSION: GP consultation rates were not affected by the programme. Further research will determine if general practice based programmes result in further gains.

title: The effect of an integrated care approach for XXXX on general practice.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A pharmacoeconomic analysis was carried out comparing the efficacy of two treatment options for @entity1 ( @entity1 ): @entity4 and @entity2 . It was a retrospective analysis using a decision tree model. The efficacy of the two treatment options was estimated from a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, in which 800 mg/day oral @entity4 for 10 days was compared to 1000 mg/day oral @entity2 for 10 days in @entity0 with @entity1 (162 and 156 respectively). The use of resources was estimated based on the clinical trial and Spanish sources, and the unit costs from a Spanish health costs database. Costs were evaluated for the acquisition of antibiotic treatments, change of antibiotic due to therapeutic failure, hospital admissions, adverse reactions to treatment, primary care visits, tests and indirect costs (working days lost). The model was validated by a panel of Spanish clinical experts. As the clinical trial was designed to show equivalence, there were no significant differences in efficacy between the treatment options (clinical cure rate 88.3% and 88.5%, respectively), and a cost minimization analysis was performed. In the base case, the average cost of the disease per @entity0 was 308.29 @entity3 with @entity4 and 331.5 @entity3 with @entity2 (a difference of 23.21 @entity3 ). The results were stable in the susceptibility analysis, with differences favorable to @entity4 ranging between 5.50 and 45.45 @entity3 . @entity4 results in a cost savings of up to 45.45 @entity3 per @entity1 @entity0 compared to @entity2 .

title: [Pharmacoeconomic analysis of @entity1 treatment with @entity4 or XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: A pharmacoeconomic analysis was carried out comparing the efficacy of two treatment options for @entity1 ( @entity1 ): @entity4 and @entity2 . It was a retrospective analysis using a decision tree model. The efficacy of the two treatment options was estimated from a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, in which 800 mg/day oral @entity4 for 10 days was compared to 1000 mg/day oral @entity2 for 10 days in @entity0 with @entity1 (162 and 156 respectively). The use of resources was estimated based on the clinical trial and Spanish sources, and the unit costs from a Spanish health costs database. Costs were evaluated for the acquisition of antibiotic treatments, change of antibiotic due to therapeutic failure, hospital admissions, adverse reactions to treatment, primary care visits, tests and indirect costs (working days lost). The model was validated by a panel of Spanish clinical experts. As the clinical trial was designed to show equivalence, there were no significant differences in efficacy between the treatment options (clinical cure rate 88.3% and 88.5%, respectively), and a cost minimization analysis was performed. In the base case, the average cost of the disease per @entity0 was 308.29 @entity3 with @entity4 and 331.5 @entity3 with @entity2 (a difference of 23.21 @entity3 ). The results were stable in the susceptibility analysis, with differences favorable to @entity4 ranging between 5.50 and 45.45 @entity3 . @entity4 results in a cost savings of up to 45.45 @entity3 per @entity1 @entity0 compared to @entity2 .

title: [Pharmacoeconomic analysis of @entity1 treatment with XXXX or @entity2 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: A pharmacoeconomic analysis was carried out comparing the efficacy of two treatment options for @entity1 ( @entity1 ): @entity4 and @entity2 . It was a retrospective analysis using a decision tree model. The efficacy of the two treatment options was estimated from a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, in which 800 mg/day oral @entity4 for 10 days was compared to 1000 mg/day oral @entity2 for 10 days in @entity0 with @entity1 (162 and 156 respectively). The use of resources was estimated based on the clinical trial and Spanish sources, and the unit costs from a Spanish health costs database. Costs were evaluated for the acquisition of antibiotic treatments, change of antibiotic due to therapeutic failure, hospital admissions, adverse reactions to treatment, primary care visits, tests and indirect costs (working days lost). The model was validated by a panel of Spanish clinical experts. As the clinical trial was designed to show equivalence, there were no significant differences in efficacy between the treatment options (clinical cure rate 88.3% and 88.5%, respectively), and a cost minimization analysis was performed. In the base case, the average cost of the disease per @entity0 was 308.29 @entity3 with @entity4 and 331.5 @entity3 with @entity2 (a difference of 23.21 @entity3 ). The results were stable in the susceptibility analysis, with differences favorable to @entity4 ranging between 5.50 and 45.45 @entity3 . @entity4 results in a cost savings of up to 45.45 @entity3 per @entity1 @entity0 compared to @entity2 .

title: [Pharmacoeconomic analysis of XXXX treatment with @entity4 or @entity2 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: In @entity0 and most other species, a decline in pH of gallbladder contents occurs during the concentration of bile. Recent in vitro studies in @entity1 , @entity5 , and Necturus gallbladders have strongly suggested mucosal @entity12 secretion during @entity6 reabsorption, presumably representing a @entity8 / @entity12 exchange. The present in vivo studies are the first attempt to determine whether @entity12 secretion by the gallbladder can be demonstrated in the living animal. Gallbladder bile was obtained from 27 anesthetized @entity2 after 12-24-h fasts; 12 samples of common duct bile were also obtained in 3 @entity2 during variable @entity11 infusion. In common duct bile, observed ranges were as follows: pH, 7.37-7.85; @entity7 partial pressure (PCO2), 21-32 mmHg; total @entity7 concentration ([TCO2]), 16.4-41.4 mM; total @entity10 concentration ([ @entity13 ]), 16-93 mM; and [ @entity8 ], 153-192 mM. In gallbladder bile, respective ranges were as follows: pH, 5.72-7.29; PCO2, 36-101 mmHg; [TCO2], 1.21-15.5 mM; [ @entity13 ], 150-305 mM; and [ @entity8 ], 199-266 mM. In all samples [ @entity8 ] was linearly related to [ @entity13 ]. @entity4 partial pressure increased from a mean of 27.3 mmHg in common duct bile to greater than 100 mmHg in gallbladder bile at [ @entity13 ] = 180 mM, then declined to approximately 36 mmHg as [ @entity13 ] increased to greater than 300 mM. Peak PCO2 occurred at pH approximately 6.4-6.6, then declined as pH decreased to approximately 5.7. Bile to plasma PCO2 ratios increased from a mean of 1.08 in common duct samples to greater than 2.0 in gallbladder samples at pH approximately 6.3, then declined to approximately 1.0 in fully concentrated bile. If the high PCO2 values in bile were solely due to tissue @entity7 production, a sustained increase in PCO2 throughout @entity8 + reabsorption might be expected. The results strongly suggest @entity12 secretion (HCO3- neutralization), as peak PCO2 occurred when [ @entity13 ] was only about 180 mM, long before @entity6 absorption was complete. It is hypothesized that @entity12 secretion may have important favorable effects on @entity3 lithogenicity, reducing the likelihood of the formation of @entity14 - containing @entity9 .

title: Evidence for XXXX secretion by the in vivo @entity2 gallbladder.

answer: @entity12


abstract: In @entity0 and most other species, a decline in pH of gallbladder contents occurs during the concentration of bile. Recent in vitro studies in @entity1 , @entity5 , and Necturus gallbladders have strongly suggested mucosal @entity12 secretion during @entity6 reabsorption, presumably representing a @entity8 / @entity12 exchange. The present in vivo studies are the first attempt to determine whether @entity12 secretion by the gallbladder can be demonstrated in the living animal. Gallbladder bile was obtained from 27 anesthetized @entity2 after 12-24-h fasts; 12 samples of common duct bile were also obtained in 3 @entity2 during variable @entity11 infusion. In common duct bile, observed ranges were as follows: pH, 7.37-7.85; @entity7 partial pressure (PCO2), 21-32 mmHg; total @entity7 concentration ([TCO2]), 16.4-41.4 mM; total @entity10 concentration ([ @entity13 ]), 16-93 mM; and [ @entity8 ], 153-192 mM. In gallbladder bile, respective ranges were as follows: pH, 5.72-7.29; PCO2, 36-101 mmHg; [TCO2], 1.21-15.5 mM; [ @entity13 ], 150-305 mM; and [ @entity8 ], 199-266 mM. In all samples [ @entity8 ] was linearly related to [ @entity13 ]. @entity4 partial pressure increased from a mean of 27.3 mmHg in common duct bile to greater than 100 mmHg in gallbladder bile at [ @entity13 ] = 180 mM, then declined to approximately 36 mmHg as [ @entity13 ] increased to greater than 300 mM. Peak PCO2 occurred at pH approximately 6.4-6.6, then declined as pH decreased to approximately 5.7. Bile to plasma PCO2 ratios increased from a mean of 1.08 in common duct samples to greater than 2.0 in gallbladder samples at pH approximately 6.3, then declined to approximately 1.0 in fully concentrated bile. If the high PCO2 values in bile were solely due to tissue @entity7 production, a sustained increase in PCO2 throughout @entity8 + reabsorption might be expected. The results strongly suggest @entity12 secretion (HCO3- neutralization), as peak PCO2 occurred when [ @entity13 ] was only about 180 mM, long before @entity6 absorption was complete. It is hypothesized that @entity12 secretion may have important favorable effects on @entity3 lithogenicity, reducing the likelihood of the formation of @entity14 - containing @entity9 .

title: Evidence for @entity12 secretion by the in vivo XXXX gallbladder.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Both @entity2 and fibronectin localizations were examined in the upper surface layer of @entity0 mandibular condylar cartilages by immunohistochemical techniques. Their delicate structure was successfully preserved by preparation procedures of joint condyles with disks. @entity1 -fixed cartilaginous tissues were cut in a cryostat, and cryosections were analyzed using streptavidin-peroxidase and indirect immunofluorescence methods. Another immunogold method with conventional preparation procedures and a quick-freezing method was performed for their ultrastructural analyses. Both @entity2 -binding protein and anti-fibronectin antibody were used to localize @entity2 and fibronectin in the mandibular condylar cartilage, respectively. Some cryosections were pre-treated with hyaluronidase and @entity3 before such labeling. The upper surface layer was composed of double laminar structures. One bordered with the cartilage matriceal surface, which was positive for fibronectin. The @entity2 was localized over the fibronectin layer. Therefore, the @entity2 in vivo was bound with fibronectin in the cartilaginous matrix, performing lubrication for the mandibular joint movement.

title: Immunohistochemical study of the upper surface layer in XXXX mandibular condylar cartilage.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity2 NOT4 gene was disrupted in order to investigate the role of Not4p in growth, morphogenesis and pathogenicity. Heterozygote (NOT4/not4), null (not4/not4) and reconstructed heterozygote ([NOT4]/not4) strains of @entity2 , as well as CAF2-1, the parental strain, were grown under conditions that promote hyphal formation. When cultured in liquid medium 199 the heterozygote, reconstructed and wild-type strains began the @entity1 -to-hyphal transition within 3 h and continued hyphal growth for the duration of experiments. The null mutant also began hyphal growth within 3-5 h but hyphae tended to be shorter and distorted. Subsequently, hyphal growth was arrested and growth returned predominantly to the @entity1 form. Similar differences were observed when strains were grown on solid Spider medium and medium 199. The parental, heterozygote and reconstructed strains formed normal filamentous networks emanating from colonies. In contrast, the null mutant failed to form hyphae on all solid media tested. The ability of the NOT4 null strain to form biofilms was also investigated, and it was observed that biofilm development does not readily occur for this strain. Virulence of each strain was examined utilizing the @entity0 model of @entity3 . @entity0 infected with CAF2-1 succumbed to infection within 3-7 days. All @entity0 infected with the null strain survived for the duration of experiments, while the heterozygote and reconstructed heterozygote strains showed an intermediate level of virulence. These findings suggest that NOT4 may play a role in affecting strain pathogenicity, possibly by regulating expression of certain genes that effect cellular morphogenesis and virulence.

title: Deletion of the NOT4 gene impairs hyphal development and pathogenicity in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A single intoxicating dose of @entity7 @entity6 (p.o.) in the @entity1 can induce quantifiable manifestations of @entity3 . @entity3 was revealed by antagonist precipitation ( @entity5 , @entity8 ) as well as spontaneous emergence of neurobehavioral signs of withdrawal observed by multiple raters blind to treatments. @entity5 was 45% more effective than @entity8 in both reversing @entity7 intoxication and expressing withdrawal signs. The severity of @entity5 -precipitated withdrawal varied with @entity7 dose, @entity5 dose and the agonist-antagonist dose interval. Maximal precipitated @entity3 was evoked 3 days after @entity7 @entity6 (450 mg/kg) by @entity5 (25 mg/kg i.p.). The precipitated syndrome consisted of tail erection, reduced motor activity, high step, curled claw, arched back, muscle hypertonus and piloerection. @entity5 -precipitated @entity3 emerged between 28 and 52 hr, peaked at 76 hr and disappeared by 124 hr. Spontaneous withdrawal had emerged from 100 to 124 hr and then faded gradually. The neurobehavioral expression of @entity2 and its reversal were necessary but not sufficient conditions for the induction and expression of acute @entity7 @entity3 . These results suggest caution in reviving acute @entity4 -overdosed @entity0 to avoid iatrogenic withdrawal analogous to naloxone for opiates.

title: Pharmacologic characterization of acute @entity7 XXXX in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A single intoxicating dose of @entity7 @entity6 (p.o.) in the @entity1 can induce quantifiable manifestations of @entity3 . @entity3 was revealed by antagonist precipitation ( @entity5 , @entity8 ) as well as spontaneous emergence of neurobehavioral signs of withdrawal observed by multiple raters blind to treatments. @entity5 was 45% more effective than @entity8 in both reversing @entity7 intoxication and expressing withdrawal signs. The severity of @entity5 -precipitated withdrawal varied with @entity7 dose, @entity5 dose and the agonist-antagonist dose interval. Maximal precipitated @entity3 was evoked 3 days after @entity7 @entity6 (450 mg/kg) by @entity5 (25 mg/kg i.p.). The precipitated syndrome consisted of tail erection, reduced motor activity, high step, curled claw, arched back, muscle hypertonus and piloerection. @entity5 -precipitated @entity3 emerged between 28 and 52 hr, peaked at 76 hr and disappeared by 124 hr. Spontaneous withdrawal had emerged from 100 to 124 hr and then faded gradually. The neurobehavioral expression of @entity2 and its reversal were necessary but not sufficient conditions for the induction and expression of acute @entity7 @entity3 . These results suggest caution in reviving acute @entity4 -overdosed @entity0 to avoid iatrogenic withdrawal analogous to naloxone for opiates.

title: Pharmacologic characterization of acute XXXX @entity3 in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: A single intoxicating dose of @entity7 @entity6 (p.o.) in the @entity1 can induce quantifiable manifestations of @entity3 . @entity3 was revealed by antagonist precipitation ( @entity5 , @entity8 ) as well as spontaneous emergence of neurobehavioral signs of withdrawal observed by multiple raters blind to treatments. @entity5 was 45% more effective than @entity8 in both reversing @entity7 intoxication and expressing withdrawal signs. The severity of @entity5 -precipitated withdrawal varied with @entity7 dose, @entity5 dose and the agonist-antagonist dose interval. Maximal precipitated @entity3 was evoked 3 days after @entity7 @entity6 (450 mg/kg) by @entity5 (25 mg/kg i.p.). The precipitated syndrome consisted of tail erection, reduced motor activity, high step, curled claw, arched back, muscle hypertonus and piloerection. @entity5 -precipitated @entity3 emerged between 28 and 52 hr, peaked at 76 hr and disappeared by 124 hr. Spontaneous withdrawal had emerged from 100 to 124 hr and then faded gradually. The neurobehavioral expression of @entity2 and its reversal were necessary but not sufficient conditions for the induction and expression of acute @entity7 @entity3 . These results suggest caution in reviving acute @entity4 -overdosed @entity0 to avoid iatrogenic withdrawal analogous to naloxone for opiates.

title: Pharmacologic characterization of acute @entity7 @entity3 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In presented material evaluation of changes in sepsis and types of bloodstream infections of hospitalized @entity0 in Wards of the University Hospital in Cracow were examined. Results of 9,138 blood cultures studied in years 1989-1999 were analysed. All of the blood samples were recovered from 4,656 infected adults at Clinics of the University Hospital in Cracow. Microbiological blood examinations were held in system of constant monitoring of isolated cultures applying BacT/Alert--colorimetric system (Organon Teknika). Cultured micro--organisms were identified using commercial biochemical tests (bio-Merieux). During period of research changes of profile of isolated microorganisms was observed. Percentage of blood infections of Enterococcus spp. etiology increased from 2.2% in 1989 to 9.8% in 1997-98 (p = 0.014). Dynamic growth of non-fermentative @entity5 bacilli to 5.5% (p = 0.036) and @entity4 to 13.8% (p = 0.042) in 1999 was revealed. Designed according to our research review of fungal flora in years 1989-1999 revealed tendency of systematic growth of invasive @entity3 frequency, from 1.1% to 10.4%. Diagnostic and therapeutic profile of Departments was in a strict connection with increase of the number and meaning of the politiological @entity2 (p = 0.036) in total number of @entity1 cases.

title: [Bacterial and fungal bloodstream infections in XXXX at the University Hospital of Cracow].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Fondaparinux (Arixtra), a synthetic pentasaccharide, is the first in a new class of antithrombotic agents that selectively inhibit coagulation @entity6 . In vitro experiments demonstrated that it is a selective inhibitor of @entity6 . In plasma, fondaparinux selectively binds to antithrombin, catalyzes @entity6 inhibition, and thereby inhibits thrombin generation. Its antithrombotic efficacy has been demonstrated in various animal models mimicking @entity1 . In @entity0 , its pharmacokinetic profile is favorable, with a rapid onset of antithrombotic activity and an elimination half-life allowing a convenient once-daily dosing regimen. In several clinical trials, @entity7 was more effective than the reference drug, enoxaparin, in preventing @entity5 after @entity2 , major knee, and elective hip replacement surgeries. The overall reduction in the risk of @entity5 ranged between 26.3 and 56.4%, depending on the trial. This superior efficacy was achieved without increasing the risk of clinically relevant @entity3 . Fondaparinux also showed promising results in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity4 . Thus, it is now established that selective @entity6 inhibition is an efficient way to prevent @entity1 . The advent of fondaparinux offers an opportunity to improve substantially the management of @entity5 .

title: The synthetic pentasaccharide fondaparinux: first in the class of antithrombotic agents that selectively inhibit coagulation XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: To prevent transmission of infectious agents and to reduce instrument reprocessing time, the use of disposable @entity3 systems instead of conventionally reprocessed endoscopes has been promoted for flexible sigmoidoscopy. This trial primarily investigated the feasibility of a disposable @entity3 system for flexible sigmoidoscopy in decentralized @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: In an ongoing @entity1 trial, 226 consecutive @entity0 were randomly allocated to have their flexible sigmoidoscopy performed with either a fiberoptic sigmoidoscope covered with a disposable @entity3 ("EndoSheath group") or a conventional video colonoscope ("standard colonoscope group"). All examinations were performed at a temporary screening center. The @entity0 ' experience was documented using a questionnaire. The feasibility of running temporary screening units was evaluated. RESULTS: Examinations beyond the 60-cm level were excluded. Thus, 113 @entity0 (examined with the disposable instrument) and 87 (standard instrument) were eligible for analysis. When the sheathed system was used, all the devices needed could be satisfactorily transported. A screening center could be set up within a few hours. No differences were observed in @entity0 discomfort. Fewer @entity0 with @entity2 were observed in the EndoSheath group (48 [42%]), compared with 55 (63%) in the standard colonoscope group; P = 0.005). No significant differences were observed for @entity2 larger than 5 mm (14 [12%] in the EndoSheath group, 13 [15%] in the standard colonoscope group; P = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Using the disposable system, decentralized @entity1 was easily established. However, fewer @entity2 were found, possibly due to the fiberoptic nature of the instrument. Sheathed video instruments are desirable and may increase the diagnostic yield.

title: Use of a disposable XXXX system for flexible sigmoidoscopy in decentralized @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: To prevent transmission of infectious agents and to reduce instrument reprocessing time, the use of disposable @entity3 systems instead of conventionally reprocessed endoscopes has been promoted for flexible sigmoidoscopy. This trial primarily investigated the feasibility of a disposable @entity3 system for flexible sigmoidoscopy in decentralized @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: In an ongoing @entity1 trial, 226 consecutive @entity0 were randomly allocated to have their flexible sigmoidoscopy performed with either a fiberoptic sigmoidoscope covered with a disposable @entity3 ("EndoSheath group") or a conventional video colonoscope ("standard colonoscope group"). All examinations were performed at a temporary screening center. The @entity0 ' experience was documented using a questionnaire. The feasibility of running temporary screening units was evaluated. RESULTS: Examinations beyond the 60-cm level were excluded. Thus, 113 @entity0 (examined with the disposable instrument) and 87 (standard instrument) were eligible for analysis. When the sheathed system was used, all the devices needed could be satisfactorily transported. A screening center could be set up within a few hours. No differences were observed in @entity0 discomfort. Fewer @entity0 with @entity2 were observed in the EndoSheath group (48 [42%]), compared with 55 (63%) in the standard colonoscope group; P = 0.005). No significant differences were observed for @entity2 larger than 5 mm (14 [12%] in the EndoSheath group, 13 [15%] in the standard colonoscope group; P = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Using the disposable system, decentralized @entity1 was easily established. However, fewer @entity2 were found, possibly due to the fiberoptic nature of the instrument. Sheathed video instruments are desirable and may increase the diagnostic yield.

title: Use of a disposable @entity3 system for flexible sigmoidoscopy in decentralized XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Physiological factors involved in immunity and tissue repair with regulate homeostasis, a physiological function of the connective tissue, are as yet unidentified. We earlier detected the granulation-promoting action of @entity3 , and reported on the acceleration of tissue repair in experimental as well as clinical studies. In that study, immunoregulatory effects of @entity3 and @entity4 were examined by the plaque-forming cell (PFC) count and delayed @entity1 (DHR). The PFC value increased in @entity0 pretreated with these agents. In these @entity0 , PFC reaction to 2 X 10(7) SRBC was enhanced but that to 1 X 10(9) SRBC was suppressed. The agents also suppressed excess immunoreaction in immature @entity0 but increased weakened immunoreaction in aged animals. Furthermore, the agents had the optimal doses for the enhancement of both PFC reaction to 1 X 10(8) SRBC and DHR to 1% @entity5 . They also induced recovery of immunofunction suppressed by the administration of @entity2 . @entity3 and @entity4 exerts immunoregulatory effects by activating both T and B cells. Our observations indicated that the agents not only promote tissue repair but also help maintain homeostasis and accelerate spontaneous healing.

title: [Immunoregulative effects of @entity3 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Physiological factors involved in immunity and tissue repair with regulate homeostasis, a physiological function of the connective tissue, are as yet unidentified. We earlier detected the granulation-promoting action of @entity3 , and reported on the acceleration of tissue repair in experimental as well as clinical studies. In that study, immunoregulatory effects of @entity3 and @entity4 were examined by the plaque-forming cell (PFC) count and delayed @entity1 (DHR). The PFC value increased in @entity0 pretreated with these agents. In these @entity0 , PFC reaction to 2 X 10(7) SRBC was enhanced but that to 1 X 10(9) SRBC was suppressed. The agents also suppressed excess immunoreaction in immature @entity0 but increased weakened immunoreaction in aged animals. Furthermore, the agents had the optimal doses for the enhancement of both PFC reaction to 1 X 10(8) SRBC and DHR to 1% @entity5 . They also induced recovery of immunofunction suppressed by the administration of @entity2 . @entity3 and @entity4 exerts immunoregulatory effects by activating both T and B cells. Our observations indicated that the agents not only promote tissue repair but also help maintain homeostasis and accelerate spontaneous healing.

title: [Immunoregulative effects of XXXX and @entity4 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: DNA sequences from chromosome Y can cause @entity2 development in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Estimated risk is about 30%. The aim of the study is detection of Y-sequences of DNA level, calculation of mosaicism and its cytogenetic location. Clinical result of the study is the recommendation to gonadectomy of proved positive @entity0 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Samples from 110 @entity0 were collected. The PCR method and analysis of products on agarose gel was compared with analysis of DNA fragments from quantitative fluorescent (QF) PCR on capillary electrophoresis. The loci DYZ3, @entity3 /Y and SRY were used for detection. The method QF PCR was effected for DYZ3 and @entity3 /Y loci. The positive cases were examined by FISH method. Five (4.5%) and 3 (2.7%) positive cases were detected in DYZ3 and SRY resp. loci by electrophoresis on agarose gel. Seventeen (15.5%) and 7 (6.4%) positive cases were detected in DYZ3 and @entity3 /Y resp. by capillary electrophoresis. The estimated mosaicism ranged from 1:5 to 1:100,000. CONCLUSIONS: QG PCR is the most sensitive method for diagnostics of Y-sequences. Simultaneously the incidence of Y-positive cells can be estimated. The positive cases with marker in karyotype were confirmed by FISH.

title: [Analysis of specific sequences in female @entity0 with XXXX --initial study].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: DNA sequences from chromosome Y can cause @entity2 development in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Estimated risk is about 30%. The aim of the study is detection of Y-sequences of DNA level, calculation of mosaicism and its cytogenetic location. Clinical result of the study is the recommendation to gonadectomy of proved positive @entity0 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Samples from 110 @entity0 were collected. The PCR method and analysis of products on agarose gel was compared with analysis of DNA fragments from quantitative fluorescent (QF) PCR on capillary electrophoresis. The loci DYZ3, @entity3 /Y and SRY were used for detection. The method QF PCR was effected for DYZ3 and @entity3 /Y loci. The positive cases were examined by FISH method. Five (4.5%) and 3 (2.7%) positive cases were detected in DYZ3 and SRY resp. loci by electrophoresis on agarose gel. Seventeen (15.5%) and 7 (6.4%) positive cases were detected in DYZ3 and @entity3 /Y resp. by capillary electrophoresis. The estimated mosaicism ranged from 1:5 to 1:100,000. CONCLUSIONS: QG PCR is the most sensitive method for diagnostics of Y-sequences. Simultaneously the incidence of Y-positive cells can be estimated. The positive cases with marker in karyotype were confirmed by FISH.

title: [Analysis of specific sequences in female XXXX with @entity1 --initial study].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Between 1953 and 1984, 53 @entity0 (40 male and 13 female) underwent thoracotomy for treatment of @entity4 . The median age was 58 years (range 4 to 86 years). Either underlying @entity4 or immunologic risk factors were present in 49 @entity0 (92%). Twenty-one @entity0 (31%) had @entity5 and 32 (47%) had @entity8 . The most common indication for operation was an indeterminate mass, hemoptysis, or severe cough. Lobectomy, wedge excision, and pneumonectomy were the most frequent operations. Complications occurred in 78% of @entity0 with @entity8 and in 33% of @entity0 with @entity5 (p = 0.002). Operative mortality was 5% (one @entity3 ) in @entity0 with @entity5 and 34% (11 deaths) in @entity0 with @entity8 (p = 0.01). Cause of @entity3 was @entity6 in four @entity0 , underlying @entity4 in three, @entity7 in two, and other conditions in three. At follow-up, 84% of operative survivors with @entity5 were alive and well compared with 43% of those with @entity8 . Although operative mortality in @entity0 with @entity8 was high, 67% of the survivors had a good long-term result in terms of absence of symptoms, but they frequently died of underlying disease. In contrast, operation in @entity0 with @entity5 was done with low risk, and approximately 90% of survivors had a good late result. Late appearance of @entity1 did occur and argues for @entity2 .

title: XXXX . Results of surgical treatment.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 , defined as concomitant intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy, is a rare event. Assisted reproductive technologies have led to an increase in the number of @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHOD: From 1997 to 1999 three cases of @entity2 were referred to the gynecological unit of the hospital of St. P  lten. The condition was diagnosed at 7, 8 and 12 weeks of gestation, respectively. Two @entity0 had undergone assisted reproductive technologies and former pelvic surgery for tubal pregnancy. Two @entity0 had intrauterine singleton pregnancies and one @entity0 had an intrauterine twin pregnancy. In all cases the ectopic site presented as a ruptured tubal pregnancy and the treatment consisted of laparoscopic salpingectomy. RESULTS: In all @entity0 the postoperative course was uneventful and the intrauterine pregnancy progressed. In one case recurrent @entity1 led to vaginal delivery at 33 weeks of pregnancy. In the case of twin pregnancy, a planned cesarean section was performed at 37 weeks of gestation. One @entity0 delivered at term. All newborns were healthy. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of heterotopic pregnancy and understanding the epidemiological risk factors underlying this condition are important for early diagnosis with the aim of improving therapy and clinical outcome.

title: XXXX : report of three cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neurofibromatosis type-I (von @entity5 ) is characterised by multiple cutan @entity7 , cafe-au-lait spots, @entity2 and @entity1 of central and peripheral nerves. Gastrointestinal involvement occurs in 25 percent of all cases. CASE REPORT: The authors report a case of a 53-year-old @entity0 presenting with rare hepatobiliary complication. He complained of @entity3 and he @entity4 . The abdominal ultrasound revealed @entity6 confirmed by the laboratory results. The endoscopic retrograd cholangiography showed nearly total obstruction in the middle part of common bile duct. Subsequently laparotomy and choledochoenterostomy was performed. @entity8 was found in the wall of common bile duct and several @entity1 seedings were identified on the serosal surface of the small intestine. Post surgery he remained symptom free and showed no sign of @entity4 . CONCLUSION: The authors would like to draw attention to this extremely rare case, since only two similar cases appeared in the literature.

title: [ XXXX caused by @entity7 in a @entity0 with @entity5 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neurofibromatosis type-I (von @entity5 ) is characterised by multiple cutan @entity7 , cafe-au-lait spots, @entity2 and @entity1 of central and peripheral nerves. Gastrointestinal involvement occurs in 25 percent of all cases. CASE REPORT: The authors report a case of a 53-year-old @entity0 presenting with rare hepatobiliary complication. He complained of @entity3 and he @entity4 . The abdominal ultrasound revealed @entity6 confirmed by the laboratory results. The endoscopic retrograd cholangiography showed nearly total obstruction in the middle part of common bile duct. Subsequently laparotomy and choledochoenterostomy was performed. @entity8 was found in the wall of common bile duct and several @entity1 seedings were identified on the serosal surface of the small intestine. Post surgery he remained symptom free and showed no sign of @entity4 . CONCLUSION: The authors would like to draw attention to this extremely rare case, since only two similar cases appeared in the literature.

title: [ @entity6 caused by XXXX in a @entity0 with @entity5 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neurofibromatosis type-I (von @entity5 ) is characterised by multiple cutan @entity7 , cafe-au-lait spots, @entity2 and @entity1 of central and peripheral nerves. Gastrointestinal involvement occurs in 25 percent of all cases. CASE REPORT: The authors report a case of a 53-year-old @entity0 presenting with rare hepatobiliary complication. He complained of @entity3 and he @entity4 . The abdominal ultrasound revealed @entity6 confirmed by the laboratory results. The endoscopic retrograd cholangiography showed nearly total obstruction in the middle part of common bile duct. Subsequently laparotomy and choledochoenterostomy was performed. @entity8 was found in the wall of common bile duct and several @entity1 seedings were identified on the serosal surface of the small intestine. Post surgery he remained symptom free and showed no sign of @entity4 . CONCLUSION: The authors would like to draw attention to this extremely rare case, since only two similar cases appeared in the literature.

title: [ @entity6 caused by @entity7 in a @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neurofibromatosis type-I (von @entity5 ) is characterised by multiple cutan @entity7 , cafe-au-lait spots, @entity2 and @entity1 of central and peripheral nerves. Gastrointestinal involvement occurs in 25 percent of all cases. CASE REPORT: The authors report a case of a 53-year-old @entity0 presenting with rare hepatobiliary complication. He complained of @entity3 and he @entity4 . The abdominal ultrasound revealed @entity6 confirmed by the laboratory results. The endoscopic retrograd cholangiography showed nearly total obstruction in the middle part of common bile duct. Subsequently laparotomy and choledochoenterostomy was performed. @entity8 was found in the wall of common bile duct and several @entity1 seedings were identified on the serosal surface of the small intestine. Post surgery he remained symptom free and showed no sign of @entity4 . CONCLUSION: The authors would like to draw attention to this extremely rare case, since only two similar cases appeared in the literature.

title: [ @entity6 caused by @entity7 in a XXXX with @entity5 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Time-dependent changes in the contrast enhancement of @entity2 tissue, @entity2 @entity3 , perifocal @entity1 , and normal brain tissue after IV injection of 0.1 mmol @entity4 /kg body weight were studied with spin-echo technique (SE 800/35) in 15 @entity0 with @entity2 . Using a region of interest technique, we determined the signal-intensity values of these tissues before and at fixed times up to 68.5 min after administration of the contrast agent. In @entity2 tissue, the 8.5 min postinjection (p.i.) scan showed a significant increase in signal intensity. The signal intensity of the @entity2 tissue remained significantly higher than precontrast levels throughout the entire period of observation, decreasing only slightly toward the end of the examination (48.5 and 68.5 min p.i.). Central @entity2 @entity3 exhibited a delayed uptake of the contrast agent, with a maximum signal intensity between 48.5 and 68.5 min p.i. In perifocal @entity1 and normal brain tissue, slight increases in signal intensity after injection of @entity4 were measured (statistically significant in the case of @entity1 ). This effect, however, was not visually detectable. The present study shows that after one injection, scans with excellent @entity2 visualization can be obtained between 8.5 and 38.5 min p.i. and with diagnostically valid enhancement at least up to 68.5 min p.i.

title: Time-dependent changes in image contrast in brain tumors after XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Isolated lung perfusion (ILuP) with melphalan (MN) is superior to intravenous infusion for the treatment of @entity0 and @entity3 metastases. However, it is unknown whether a bolus injection of MN into the perfusion circuit or ILuP with a fixed concentration of MN will result in the highest lung levels. METHODS: ILuP with 0.5 mg MN was performed in Wag-Rij @entity2 for 30 minutes either by a single-pass system (SP) (fixed concentration) (n = 10) or by @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (bolus injection) (n = 10). In a separate experiment, @entity2 were perfused with blood as the perfusate. In a third experiment, @entity1 levels were compared between SP, @entity5 , or intravenous therapy with a dose of 0.5 mg. For induction of pulmonary metastases, 0.5 x 10(6) single @entity4 cells were injected intravenously and therapy was given on day 30. For comparison of drug concentrations, unpaired Student's t test was applied. Statistical significance was accepted at p less than 0.05. RESULTS: Lung perfusion studies were succesfully performed without systemic leakage. Temperature of perfusate and @entity2 was 34 degrees C to 37 degrees C. A significantly higher hematocrit (mean 27.9) compared with buffered starch (mean 2.5) did not result in higher MN lung levels or lower wet-to-dry ratio. Tumor levels were significantly higher after ILuP compared with intravenous therapy. However, no difference in @entity1 and lung levels was seen between single-pass and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Both ILuP techniques resulted in significantly higher MN lung levels than after intravenous therapy. Because no difference was seen between single-pass and recirculating perfusion, MN can be injected as a bolus into the closed perfusion circuit.

title: Single-pass isolated lung perfusion versus recirculating isolated lung perfusion with melphalan in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although multidetector CT (MDCT) with retrospectively ECG-gated image reconstruction has been shown to permit noninvasive visualization of the coronary arteries, the 125-250 msec required for image acquisition frequently causes motion artifacts. We investigated the influence of a @entity0 's heart rate on the presence of motion artifacts and on accuracy of @entity1 detection on contrast-enhanced MDCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 100 @entity0 , MDCT was performed, and ECG-gated cross-sectional images were retrospectively reconstructed. From the 10 data sets obtained for each @entity0 (reconstructed at 0-90% of the cardiac cycle in increments of 10%), we chose the best data set for every coronary artery. The images of the arteries were evaluated for occurrence of artifacts and the presence of high-grade @entity1 (diameter reduction exceeding 70%) or occlusions. MDCT results were compared with coronary angiographic findings. RESULTS: Of the 400 coronary arteries, 115 (29%) could not be evaluated because of motion artifacts (n = 84) or other reasons (n = 31). Overall, 51 (49%) of 104 stenoses were revealed on MDCT. For detecting @entity1 in those arteries that we could evaluate, MDCT had a sensitivity of 91% (51 of 56 stenoses detected) and a specificity of 89%. As the heart rate increased, the number of arteries that could be evaluated decreased, and overall sensitivity for @entity1 detection decreased from 62% (heart rate < or = 70 beats per minute) to 33% (heart rate > 70 beats per minute). CONCLUSION: MDCT can reveal coronary stenoses, but the usefulness of MDCT as an aid in accurately evaluating stenoses decreases as a @entity0 's heart rate increases.

title: Noninvasive visualization of coronary arteries using contrast-enhanced multidetector CT: influence of heart rate on image quality and XXXX detection.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of a specific @entity4 kinase inhibitor ( @entity4 -KI) and Taxol on @entity1 growth in a novel @entity1 model. MATERIAL _ METHODS: A genetically engineered @entity1 model which uses "transgenic" organs in immune competent @entity2 was used. NeuT-transfected immortalized HC11 epithelial cells and primary @entity2 mammary epithelial cells have been transplanted into the gland-free mammary fat pad of female BALB/c @entity2 . @entity1 developed after a latency period of three to four weeks. The @entity2 were thereafter daily orally treated over a 19 or 22-day period with 0, 38, 75, 2 x 75 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) @entity4 -KI (n: 7-9 per group) or intravenously with 10 mg/kg b.w. Taxol. After necropsy the histopathological evaluation of the @entity1 was performed in a coded manner. The proliferation activity of @entity1 cells was analyzed by laser scanning cytometry (LSC) using anti-Ki67-antibodies. RESULTS: Oral Treatment with @entity4 -KI in this transgenic organ model showed clear antitumor efficacy in a dose-dependent manner in the range between 38 and 75 mg/kg b.w. This antiproliferative effect appears to be minimally increased at 75 mg/kg/day twice per day. For all treatments a strong correlation between the biological behavior of the @entity1 , histopathology and cell proliferation could be established. In contrast, treatment with Taxol showed no significant @entity1 growth or cell proliferation in this model. This new transgenic organ model comprising histopathological evaluation and cell proliferation analysis appears to be a suitable test system for drug candidates that affect specific biochemical pathways. It may have greater predictive nature for clinical effects in @entity0 as compared to conventional @entity1 models because of its @entity3 gene overexpression.

title: Effects of XXXX ( @entity4 ) kinase inhibitors on genetically reconstituted @entity2 mammary glands.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of a specific @entity4 kinase inhibitor ( @entity4 -KI) and Taxol on @entity1 growth in a novel @entity1 model. MATERIAL _ METHODS: A genetically engineered @entity1 model which uses "transgenic" organs in immune competent @entity2 was used. NeuT-transfected immortalized HC11 epithelial cells and primary @entity2 mammary epithelial cells have been transplanted into the gland-free mammary fat pad of female BALB/c @entity2 . @entity1 developed after a latency period of three to four weeks. The @entity2 were thereafter daily orally treated over a 19 or 22-day period with 0, 38, 75, 2 x 75 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) @entity4 -KI (n: 7-9 per group) or intravenously with 10 mg/kg b.w. Taxol. After necropsy the histopathological evaluation of the @entity1 was performed in a coded manner. The proliferation activity of @entity1 cells was analyzed by laser scanning cytometry (LSC) using anti-Ki67-antibodies. RESULTS: Oral Treatment with @entity4 -KI in this transgenic organ model showed clear antitumor efficacy in a dose-dependent manner in the range between 38 and 75 mg/kg b.w. This antiproliferative effect appears to be minimally increased at 75 mg/kg/day twice per day. For all treatments a strong correlation between the biological behavior of the @entity1 , histopathology and cell proliferation could be established. In contrast, treatment with Taxol showed no significant @entity1 growth or cell proliferation in this model. This new transgenic organ model comprising histopathological evaluation and cell proliferation analysis appears to be a suitable test system for drug candidates that affect specific biochemical pathways. It may have greater predictive nature for clinical effects in @entity0 as compared to conventional @entity1 models because of its @entity3 gene overexpression.

title: Effects of @entity4 ( XXXX ) kinase inhibitors on genetically reconstituted @entity2 mammary glands.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of a specific @entity4 kinase inhibitor ( @entity4 -KI) and Taxol on @entity1 growth in a novel @entity1 model. MATERIAL _ METHODS: A genetically engineered @entity1 model which uses "transgenic" organs in immune competent @entity2 was used. NeuT-transfected immortalized HC11 epithelial cells and primary @entity2 mammary epithelial cells have been transplanted into the gland-free mammary fat pad of female BALB/c @entity2 . @entity1 developed after a latency period of three to four weeks. The @entity2 were thereafter daily orally treated over a 19 or 22-day period with 0, 38, 75, 2 x 75 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) @entity4 -KI (n: 7-9 per group) or intravenously with 10 mg/kg b.w. Taxol. After necropsy the histopathological evaluation of the @entity1 was performed in a coded manner. The proliferation activity of @entity1 cells was analyzed by laser scanning cytometry (LSC) using anti-Ki67-antibodies. RESULTS: Oral Treatment with @entity4 -KI in this transgenic organ model showed clear antitumor efficacy in a dose-dependent manner in the range between 38 and 75 mg/kg b.w. This antiproliferative effect appears to be minimally increased at 75 mg/kg/day twice per day. For all treatments a strong correlation between the biological behavior of the @entity1 , histopathology and cell proliferation could be established. In contrast, treatment with Taxol showed no significant @entity1 growth or cell proliferation in this model. This new transgenic organ model comprising histopathological evaluation and cell proliferation analysis appears to be a suitable test system for drug candidates that affect specific biochemical pathways. It may have greater predictive nature for clinical effects in @entity0 as compared to conventional @entity1 models because of its @entity3 gene overexpression.

title: Effects of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) kinase inhibitors on genetically reconstituted XXXX mammary glands.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of @entity8 , a novel anti-apoptotic pan-caspase inhibitor, administered in single and multiple ascending doses in normal volunteers and @entity0 with @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity8 was administered as a 30-minute intravenous infusion in rising doses to 3 groups: Group A, normal volunteers, given as a single infusion, Group B, normal volunteers, given q.i.d. for 7 days, Group C, @entity0 with @entity3 (elevated transaminases, @entity5 transaminase, ALT and @entity4 transaminase, @entity7 ), given q.i.d. for 7 days. RESULTS: The drug was well tolerated up to 10 mg/kg/infusion for a single dose, and 1.5 mg/kg/infusion q.i.d. for 7 days, with the dose-limiting adverse event of @entity6 or @entity1 at the site of the infusion. This @entity2 was predicted from animal studies. Clinically and statistically meaningful dose-related falls in transaminases were seen in all but 1 of the @entity3 @entity0 . Two-way ANOVA analyses of the changes for all the @entity8 groups combined versus placebo were: ALT absolute change: p < 0.0001 and % change: p = 0.012, @entity7 absolute and % changes: p < 0.0001. After discontinuation of the drug (after 7 days of dosing), the transaminases rapidly returned to the pre-treatment levels. CONCLUSIONS: Following intravenous administration of a novel anti-apoptotic caspase inhibitor, adverse events were mild-to-moderate in severity, resolved in a few days and did not result in any subject terminating treatment prematurely. The effects in @entity3 @entity0 appear to be consistent with both the administration and subsequent abrupt withdrawal of an effective hepatoprotective drug that delays cell death in hepatocytes.

title: First clinical trial of a novel caspase inhibitor: anti-apoptotic caspase inhibitor, XXXX , improves liver enzymes.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The safety and efficacy of a recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) preparation (Kogenate) for the treatment of @entity2 episodes was studied in previously untreated @entity0 (PUPs) with severe, moderate, and mild @entity1 . @entity0 peripheral blood samples taken at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months after the first infusion were evaluated for @entity3 inhibitor antibodies by the Bethesda assay, for antibodies formed against trace proteins derived from the rFVIII production process, and for general changes in laboratory test results. Samples for general laboratory testing were also drawn every 6 months after the first 24 months. Hemostatic efficacy was assessed by physicians, and adverse events were recorded throughout the study period. Forty-three PUPs (30 with @entity3 :C <1%; 10 with @entity3 :C 1%-5%; and 3 with @entity3 :C >5%) aged 3 months to 32 years were enrolled at 33 centers in Japan. @entity0 were studied for a mean of 51 months (range, 11-80 months), and the mean exposure time was 83 days (range, 2-571 days). The incidence of occurrence of @entity3 inhibitors was 34.9% (high responders [> or = 10 Bethesda U/mL], 11.6%; low responders [0.5-<10 Bethesda U/mL], 23.3%). The median cumulative exposure time of inhibitor detection was 12 days, indicating inhibitor development at an early stage after the start of infusion of this preparation. Hemostasis was achieved with a single dose of Kogenate in 94.8% of the 951 @entity2 episodes recorded in the study. Transient increases in antibodies against baby hamster kidney proteins and antimouse immunoglobulin G were observed in 14.0% and 18.6% of patients, respectively. Anti-rFVIII seroconversion was observed in 18.6% of @entity0 and only in @entity0 with inhibitor antibodies. Antibody responses to trace proteins were not correlated with drug-related adverse events with the exception of @entity3 activity inhibition in PUPs with anti-rFVIII seroconversion. These data indicate that @entity4 is safe and effective for the treatment of @entity2 in PUPs with @entity1 .

title: Clinical evaluation of a recombinant factor VIII preparation (Kogenate) in previously untreated @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The safety and efficacy of a recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) preparation (Kogenate) for the treatment of @entity2 episodes was studied in previously untreated @entity0 (PUPs) with severe, moderate, and mild @entity1 . @entity0 peripheral blood samples taken at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months after the first infusion were evaluated for @entity3 inhibitor antibodies by the Bethesda assay, for antibodies formed against trace proteins derived from the rFVIII production process, and for general changes in laboratory test results. Samples for general laboratory testing were also drawn every 6 months after the first 24 months. Hemostatic efficacy was assessed by physicians, and adverse events were recorded throughout the study period. Forty-three PUPs (30 with @entity3 :C <1%; 10 with @entity3 :C 1%-5%; and 3 with @entity3 :C >5%) aged 3 months to 32 years were enrolled at 33 centers in Japan. @entity0 were studied for a mean of 51 months (range, 11-80 months), and the mean exposure time was 83 days (range, 2-571 days). The incidence of occurrence of @entity3 inhibitors was 34.9% (high responders [> or = 10 Bethesda U/mL], 11.6%; low responders [0.5-<10 Bethesda U/mL], 23.3%). The median cumulative exposure time of inhibitor detection was 12 days, indicating inhibitor development at an early stage after the start of infusion of this preparation. Hemostasis was achieved with a single dose of Kogenate in 94.8% of the 951 @entity2 episodes recorded in the study. Transient increases in antibodies against baby hamster kidney proteins and antimouse immunoglobulin G were observed in 14.0% and 18.6% of patients, respectively. Anti-rFVIII seroconversion was observed in 18.6% of @entity0 and only in @entity0 with inhibitor antibodies. Antibody responses to trace proteins were not correlated with drug-related adverse events with the exception of @entity3 activity inhibition in PUPs with anti-rFVIII seroconversion. These data indicate that @entity4 is safe and effective for the treatment of @entity2 in PUPs with @entity1 .

title: Clinical evaluation of a recombinant factor VIII preparation (Kogenate) in previously untreated XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate corneal sensation in different groups: normal subjects, @entity3 @entity0 , and @entity0 with and without @entity3 after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using the modified Belmonte gas esthesiometer. DESIGN: A retrospective, clinic-based, case-control study. METHODS: We evaluated 20 normal subjects, 20 @entity3 @entity0 , 20 post-LASIK @entity0 without @entity3 , and six post-LASIK @entity0 with @entity3 . The corneal sensation was measured with the modified Belmonte gas esthesiometer that uses two different stimuli to assess mechanical and polymodal receptors on the corneal surface. Mechanoreceptors were assessed by 2-second pulsed air jets of variable intensity. Polymodal receptors were measured by stimulating the corneal with 2-second pulsed air jets of varying concentrations of @entity2 , a gas that is converted to @entity6 on contact with the corneal surface. The main outcome measure was determining corneal sensation. RESULTS: The mean +/- standard deviation (+/- SD) age was similar in all groups. The mean mechanical threshold was 61.50 +/- 20.07 ml/min in the normal group (n = 20), 34.60 +/- 21.09 ml/min in the dry group (n = 20, P <.05 vs normal), 99.50 +/- 47.40 ml/min in the post-LASIK group (n = 20, P <.01 vs normal), and 50.00 +/- 15.49 ml/min in the post-LASIK @entity0 with @entity4 sicca (n = 06, P <.05 vs post-LASIK). The percentage of @entity2 to elicit discomfort was similar in all groups (P >.05). No sex-related differences were noted (P >.05). There was a significant inverse correlation between the threshold of mechanical stimulation and the severity of corneal fluorescein staining. CONCLUSIONS: The Belmonte modified noncontact esthesiometer is a sophisticated instrument that can assess different types of corneal sensory receptors. @entity0 with @entity3 were hypersensitive to the air jet stimulus of this instrument, and this appears to be due to altered corneal epithelial barrier function. Profound @entity5 was observed after LASIK and similar to @entity3 , post-LASIK @entity0 with @entity3 were sensitized. These findings provide new insight into the @entity1 to environmental stresses, particularly air drafts experienced by @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Corneal epitheliopathy of XXXX induces hyperesthesia to mechanical air jet stimulation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Current drug therapies for @entity0 are ineffective, and existing treatments for @entity5 can be further improved. Thyroid hormones affect both conditions, although currently available nonselective thyromimetics are not clinically useful for such treatment due to cardiac side effects. Recent studies suggest that @entity7 receptor subtype beta ( @entity9 ) selective agonists have a profile in which @entity2 can be reduced with minimal @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether modest (5-10%) increases in metabolic rate could also be observed with minimal @entity3 after @entity9 stimulation. For these studies, the @entity9 selective agonist, @entity8 , was used to assess selectivity for lipid-lowering and metabolic rate changes relative to @entity3 . Studies in @entity2 -fed @entity1 (7 d treatment) showed that @entity8 reduced @entity2 ( @entity4 (50) = 190 nmol/kg x d) approximately 30 times more potently than it induced @entity3 ( @entity4 (15) = 5451 nmol/kg x d). T(3) showed no potency difference between @entity2 lowering and @entity3 . @entity8 showed approximately 10-fold selectivity for increasing metabolic rate ( @entity4 (5) = 477 nmol/kg x d) relative to @entity3 compared with T(3), which showed no selectivity. In @entity6 treated for 7 d, significant @entity2 -lowering and lipoprotein (a) reduction was noted for both T(3) and @entity8 , whereas no @entity3 was observed for @entity8 , unlike T(3). T(3) and @entity8 caused a significant (approximately 4%) reduction in body weight in these animals. Therefore, selective @entity9 activation may be a potentially usefully treatment for @entity0 and reduction of low density lipoprotein @entity2 and reduction of the atherogenic risk factor lipoprotein (a).

title: Effects of the thyroid hormone receptor agonist XXXX on metabolic rate and @entity2 in @entity1 and primates: selective actions relative to 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Current drug therapies for @entity0 are ineffective, and existing treatments for @entity5 can be further improved. Thyroid hormones affect both conditions, although currently available nonselective thyromimetics are not clinically useful for such treatment due to cardiac side effects. Recent studies suggest that @entity7 receptor subtype beta ( @entity9 ) selective agonists have a profile in which @entity2 can be reduced with minimal @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether modest (5-10%) increases in metabolic rate could also be observed with minimal @entity3 after @entity9 stimulation. For these studies, the @entity9 selective agonist, @entity8 , was used to assess selectivity for lipid-lowering and metabolic rate changes relative to @entity3 . Studies in @entity2 -fed @entity1 (7 d treatment) showed that @entity8 reduced @entity2 ( @entity4 (50) = 190 nmol/kg x d) approximately 30 times more potently than it induced @entity3 ( @entity4 (15) = 5451 nmol/kg x d). T(3) showed no potency difference between @entity2 lowering and @entity3 . @entity8 showed approximately 10-fold selectivity for increasing metabolic rate ( @entity4 (5) = 477 nmol/kg x d) relative to @entity3 compared with T(3), which showed no selectivity. In @entity6 treated for 7 d, significant @entity2 -lowering and lipoprotein (a) reduction was noted for both T(3) and @entity8 , whereas no @entity3 was observed for @entity8 , unlike T(3). T(3) and @entity8 caused a significant (approximately 4%) reduction in body weight in these animals. Therefore, selective @entity9 activation may be a potentially usefully treatment for @entity0 and reduction of low density lipoprotein @entity2 and reduction of the atherogenic risk factor lipoprotein (a).

title: Effects of the thyroid hormone receptor agonist @entity8 on metabolic rate and XXXX in @entity1 and primates: selective actions relative to 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Current drug therapies for @entity0 are ineffective, and existing treatments for @entity5 can be further improved. Thyroid hormones affect both conditions, although currently available nonselective thyromimetics are not clinically useful for such treatment due to cardiac side effects. Recent studies suggest that @entity7 receptor subtype beta ( @entity9 ) selective agonists have a profile in which @entity2 can be reduced with minimal @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether modest (5-10%) increases in metabolic rate could also be observed with minimal @entity3 after @entity9 stimulation. For these studies, the @entity9 selective agonist, @entity8 , was used to assess selectivity for lipid-lowering and metabolic rate changes relative to @entity3 . Studies in @entity2 -fed @entity1 (7 d treatment) showed that @entity8 reduced @entity2 ( @entity4 (50) = 190 nmol/kg x d) approximately 30 times more potently than it induced @entity3 ( @entity4 (15) = 5451 nmol/kg x d). T(3) showed no potency difference between @entity2 lowering and @entity3 . @entity8 showed approximately 10-fold selectivity for increasing metabolic rate ( @entity4 (5) = 477 nmol/kg x d) relative to @entity3 compared with T(3), which showed no selectivity. In @entity6 treated for 7 d, significant @entity2 -lowering and lipoprotein (a) reduction was noted for both T(3) and @entity8 , whereas no @entity3 was observed for @entity8 , unlike T(3). T(3) and @entity8 caused a significant (approximately 4%) reduction in body weight in these animals. Therefore, selective @entity9 activation may be a potentially usefully treatment for @entity0 and reduction of low density lipoprotein @entity2 and reduction of the atherogenic risk factor lipoprotein (a).

title: Effects of the thyroid hormone receptor agonist @entity8 on metabolic rate and @entity2 in XXXX and primates: selective actions relative to 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Proteoglycans have been isolated and analysed from extracts of normal and chronically inflamed @entity0 gingiva in order to determine the effects of chronic @entity1 on these important soft connective tissue extracellular macromolecules. The @entity6 content of glycosaminoglycans isolated by papain digestion of normal and inflamed gingiva did not differ significantly. Likewise, electrophoretic analysis revealed that the content of hyaluronic acid, heparan @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity4 was similar. The sulfated glycosaminoglycans from both sources eluted from a Sepharose C1-6B column with a Kav of 0.45 (approximate Mr 25,000). However, hyaluronic acid from normal gingiva was predominantly of a large size eluting in the void volume of a Sepharose. CL-6B column, while that isolated form inflamed tissue was mostly a small molecular weight species which eluted in the included volume of a Sepharose CL-6B column. Using dissociative conditions, intact proteoglycans could be more readily extracted from inflamed tissues (90% of the total tissue @entity6 ) than from normal tissues where only 80% of the total tissue @entity6 was extractable. Even though @entity3 -Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography revealed no differences in charge between normal and inflamed gingival proteoglycans, Sepharose CL-4B chromatography revealed more molecular size polydispersity in samples from inflamed tissue than from normal tissue. Taken together, these results indicate that while hyaluronic acid is depolymerized in inflamed tissue, no evidence of sulfated glycosaminoglycan degradation was found. Therefore, the most likely cause for disruption to the molecular integrity of the proteoglycans is via proteolytic alteration to the proteoglycan core protein.

title: The effect of chronic XXXX on gingival connective tissue proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Transcription of @entity4 middle promoters is specifically initiated by a complex of the @entity1 host's RNA polymerase core (E) with the SP01 gene 28 transcription-regulating protein, gp28. Normal SP01 DNA contains @entity3 (hmUra) in place of @entity2 and E . gp28 preferentially transcribes hmUra-containing DNA. Hybrid DNA molecules containing an SP01 middle promoter, PM25 . 1, have been constructed in which one DNA strand contains T and the other hmUra. The major feature of these reciprocal hybrid promoters is that one has, predominantly, T substituted for hmUra in the central -35 recognition sequence in the transcribed strand, while the other has, predominantly, T substituted for hmUra in the -10 recognition sequence in the non-transcribed strand. Binding by the E . gp28 RNA polymerase and transcription of these hybrid promoters and of the normal, all-hmUra, promoter have been compared. Both hybrid promoters are weaker than the normal PM25 . 1 promoter, but the hybrid promoter with T substituted in the -10 sequence is the weakest of the set. The DNase I footprint of the normal PM25 . 1 promoter shows temperature-dependent protection of a relatively long stretch of DNA downstream from the transcriptional start site, correlating with a thermal transition of transcriptional activity of promoter complexes. The stronger of the hybrid promoters also undergoes this transition, but the weaker does not. We discuss these findings in terms of protein-DNA interactions determining specificity for a modified @entity0 at this promoter.

title: Activity of a phage-modified RNA polymerase at hybrid promoters. Effects of substituting XXXX for @entity3 in a phage SP01 middle promoter.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Transcription of @entity4 middle promoters is specifically initiated by a complex of the @entity1 host's RNA polymerase core (E) with the SP01 gene 28 transcription-regulating protein, gp28. Normal SP01 DNA contains @entity3 (hmUra) in place of @entity2 and E . gp28 preferentially transcribes hmUra-containing DNA. Hybrid DNA molecules containing an SP01 middle promoter, PM25 . 1, have been constructed in which one DNA strand contains T and the other hmUra. The major feature of these reciprocal hybrid promoters is that one has, predominantly, T substituted for hmUra in the central -35 recognition sequence in the transcribed strand, while the other has, predominantly, T substituted for hmUra in the -10 recognition sequence in the non-transcribed strand. Binding by the E . gp28 RNA polymerase and transcription of these hybrid promoters and of the normal, all-hmUra, promoter have been compared. Both hybrid promoters are weaker than the normal PM25 . 1 promoter, but the hybrid promoter with T substituted in the -10 sequence is the weakest of the set. The DNase I footprint of the normal PM25 . 1 promoter shows temperature-dependent protection of a relatively long stretch of DNA downstream from the transcriptional start site, correlating with a thermal transition of transcriptional activity of promoter complexes. The stronger of the hybrid promoters also undergoes this transition, but the weaker does not. We discuss these findings in terms of protein-DNA interactions determining specificity for a modified @entity0 at this promoter.

title: Activity of a phage-modified RNA polymerase at hybrid promoters. Effects of substituting @entity2 for XXXX in a phage SP01 middle promoter.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) activation is absolutely required for cervical cell proliferation. This suggests that @entity0 -inhibitory agents may be of therapeutic value. In the present study, we investigated the effects of @entity7 ( @entity8 ), a bioactive green tea @entity10 , on @entity0 signaling in cervical cells. @entity8 inhibits epidermal growth factor-dependent activation of @entity0 , and @entity0 -dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases @entity5 . @entity8 also inhibits @entity0 -dependent @entity1 activity. The @entity8 -dependent reduction in @entity9 and @entity1 activity is associated with reduced phosphorylation of downstream substrates, including @entity14 , @entity11 , and BAD. These changes are associated with increased @entity2 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity3 ( @entity12 ) levels, reduced cyclin E level, and reduced @entity13 kinase activity. Consistent with these findings, flow cytometry and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated @entity6 nick end labeling) staining revealed @entity8 -dependent G(1) arrest. Moreover, sustained @entity8 treatment caused apoptotic cell death. In addition to inhibiting @entity0 , cell-free studies demonstrated that @entity8 directly inhibits @entity5 and @entity1 , suggesting that @entity8 acts simultaneously at multiple levels to inhibit EGF-dependent signaling. Importantly, the @entity8 inhibition is selective, as @entity8 does not effect the @entity0 -dependent activation of JNK. These results suggest that @entity8 acts to selectively inhibit multiple EGF-dependent kinases to inhibit cell proliferation.

title: @entity7 inhibits XXXX signaling pathway. Evidence for direct inhibition of @entity5 and @entity1 kinases.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) activation is absolutely required for cervical cell proliferation. This suggests that @entity0 -inhibitory agents may be of therapeutic value. In the present study, we investigated the effects of @entity7 ( @entity8 ), a bioactive green tea @entity10 , on @entity0 signaling in cervical cells. @entity8 inhibits epidermal growth factor-dependent activation of @entity0 , and @entity0 -dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases @entity5 . @entity8 also inhibits @entity0 -dependent @entity1 activity. The @entity8 -dependent reduction in @entity9 and @entity1 activity is associated with reduced phosphorylation of downstream substrates, including @entity14 , @entity11 , and BAD. These changes are associated with increased @entity2 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity3 ( @entity12 ) levels, reduced cyclin E level, and reduced @entity13 kinase activity. Consistent with these findings, flow cytometry and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated @entity6 nick end labeling) staining revealed @entity8 -dependent G(1) arrest. Moreover, sustained @entity8 treatment caused apoptotic cell death. In addition to inhibiting @entity0 , cell-free studies demonstrated that @entity8 directly inhibits @entity5 and @entity1 , suggesting that @entity8 acts simultaneously at multiple levels to inhibit EGF-dependent signaling. Importantly, the @entity8 inhibition is selective, as @entity8 does not effect the @entity0 -dependent activation of JNK. These results suggest that @entity8 acts to selectively inhibit multiple EGF-dependent kinases to inhibit cell proliferation.

title: @entity7 inhibits @entity0 signaling pathway. Evidence for direct inhibition of XXXX and @entity1 kinases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) activation is absolutely required for cervical cell proliferation. This suggests that @entity0 -inhibitory agents may be of therapeutic value. In the present study, we investigated the effects of @entity7 ( @entity8 ), a bioactive green tea @entity10 , on @entity0 signaling in cervical cells. @entity8 inhibits epidermal growth factor-dependent activation of @entity0 , and @entity0 -dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases @entity5 . @entity8 also inhibits @entity0 -dependent @entity1 activity. The @entity8 -dependent reduction in @entity9 and @entity1 activity is associated with reduced phosphorylation of downstream substrates, including @entity14 , @entity11 , and BAD. These changes are associated with increased @entity2 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity3 ( @entity12 ) levels, reduced cyclin E level, and reduced @entity13 kinase activity. Consistent with these findings, flow cytometry and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated @entity6 nick end labeling) staining revealed @entity8 -dependent G(1) arrest. Moreover, sustained @entity8 treatment caused apoptotic cell death. In addition to inhibiting @entity0 , cell-free studies demonstrated that @entity8 directly inhibits @entity5 and @entity1 , suggesting that @entity8 acts simultaneously at multiple levels to inhibit EGF-dependent signaling. Importantly, the @entity8 inhibition is selective, as @entity8 does not effect the @entity0 -dependent activation of JNK. These results suggest that @entity8 acts to selectively inhibit multiple EGF-dependent kinases to inhibit cell proliferation.

title: XXXX inhibits @entity0 signaling pathway. Evidence for direct inhibition of @entity5 and @entity1 kinases.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) activation is absolutely required for cervical cell proliferation. This suggests that @entity0 -inhibitory agents may be of therapeutic value. In the present study, we investigated the effects of @entity7 ( @entity8 ), a bioactive green tea @entity10 , on @entity0 signaling in cervical cells. @entity8 inhibits epidermal growth factor-dependent activation of @entity0 , and @entity0 -dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases @entity5 . @entity8 also inhibits @entity0 -dependent @entity1 activity. The @entity8 -dependent reduction in @entity9 and @entity1 activity is associated with reduced phosphorylation of downstream substrates, including @entity14 , @entity11 , and BAD. These changes are associated with increased @entity2 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity3 ( @entity12 ) levels, reduced cyclin E level, and reduced @entity13 kinase activity. Consistent with these findings, flow cytometry and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated @entity6 nick end labeling) staining revealed @entity8 -dependent G(1) arrest. Moreover, sustained @entity8 treatment caused apoptotic cell death. In addition to inhibiting @entity0 , cell-free studies demonstrated that @entity8 directly inhibits @entity5 and @entity1 , suggesting that @entity8 acts simultaneously at multiple levels to inhibit EGF-dependent signaling. Importantly, the @entity8 inhibition is selective, as @entity8 does not effect the @entity0 -dependent activation of JNK. These results suggest that @entity8 acts to selectively inhibit multiple EGF-dependent kinases to inhibit cell proliferation.

title: @entity7 inhibits @entity0 signaling pathway. Evidence for direct inhibition of @entity5 and XXXX kinases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Parents frequently give over-the-counter @entity3 ( @entity3 ) during childhood illness. This study aims at exploring parents' use of this medicine in relation to their management of common childhood illnesses and the impact on the family. METHODS: Parents of pre-school aged @entity0 were asked open-ended questions about their perceptions of illness, its impact on the family, the use of @entity3 and sources of medical information. The interviews were audiotaped. The transcribed text was condensed and different views and opinions were identified for each question. The parents were recruited from six Norwegian public health centres during a questionnaire study on the use of @entity3 among their @entity0 . Volunteering parents supplied their name and telephone number for further contact. A strategic sample of 24 parents was selected for interviews according to their responses to the questionnaire and family characteristics. RESULTS: Parents recognized illness among their @entity0 either intuitively or by taking notice of specific signs or symptoms. @entity2 was considered a definite sign of illness, almost congruent with the disease itself. Some parents acknowledged that low or moderate fever reflected a battle between the body and the disease-causing organism. High or rapidly increasing fever, however, was frequently looked upon as dangerous. Mothers preferred to stay close to their @entity0 during illness and postponed other duties. Inexperienced parents felt particularly anxious and helpless since they often found the severity of the illness difficult to judge. Administration of @entity3 gave parents the feeling of mastery. The medicine was also used to calm down the @entity0 enabling sleep and rest for the whole family. Some parents were generally interested in information about @entity0 diseases, others were only eager to know more about it during periods of illness, and some parents were not interested as they felt information only caused more @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 was often judged to cause discomfort and danger. Thus antipyretics like @entity3 were regarded as a medicine counteracting disease. @entity3 constituted an important tool for parents in managing different upsets during childhood illnesses. Information was not always wanted. Better knowledge about the significance of fever and how to handle @entity0 during common illnesses might need to be presented in a context familiar to parents, for instance, in relation to general information on childcare.

title: Childhood illnesses and the use of XXXX ( @entity3 ): a qualitative study of parents' management of common childhood illnesses.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Parents frequently give over-the-counter @entity3 ( @entity3 ) during childhood illness. This study aims at exploring parents' use of this medicine in relation to their management of common childhood illnesses and the impact on the family. METHODS: Parents of pre-school aged @entity0 were asked open-ended questions about their perceptions of illness, its impact on the family, the use of @entity3 and sources of medical information. The interviews were audiotaped. The transcribed text was condensed and different views and opinions were identified for each question. The parents were recruited from six Norwegian public health centres during a questionnaire study on the use of @entity3 among their @entity0 . Volunteering parents supplied their name and telephone number for further contact. A strategic sample of 24 parents was selected for interviews according to their responses to the questionnaire and family characteristics. RESULTS: Parents recognized illness among their @entity0 either intuitively or by taking notice of specific signs or symptoms. @entity2 was considered a definite sign of illness, almost congruent with the disease itself. Some parents acknowledged that low or moderate fever reflected a battle between the body and the disease-causing organism. High or rapidly increasing fever, however, was frequently looked upon as dangerous. Mothers preferred to stay close to their @entity0 during illness and postponed other duties. Inexperienced parents felt particularly anxious and helpless since they often found the severity of the illness difficult to judge. Administration of @entity3 gave parents the feeling of mastery. The medicine was also used to calm down the @entity0 enabling sleep and rest for the whole family. Some parents were generally interested in information about @entity0 diseases, others were only eager to know more about it during periods of illness, and some parents were not interested as they felt information only caused more @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 was often judged to cause discomfort and danger. Thus antipyretics like @entity3 were regarded as a medicine counteracting disease. @entity3 constituted an important tool for parents in managing different upsets during childhood illnesses. Information was not always wanted. Better knowledge about the significance of fever and how to handle @entity0 during common illnesses might need to be presented in a context familiar to parents, for instance, in relation to general information on childcare.

title: Childhood illnesses and the use of @entity3 ( XXXX ): a qualitative study of parents' management of common childhood illnesses.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Three groups of five @entity3 were vaccinated in Kenya using three doses of 10,000 viable cryopreserved schistosomula attenuated with either 10, 20 or 60 krad 60Co-irradiation prepared in England. Animals were vaccinated at four-week intervals, challenged after a further six weeks with 2,000 cercariae and perfused at 10 weeks after challenge. High antibody titres to schistosomula mediating in vitro cytoadherence with @entity0 macrophage-like cells were demonstrated in all vaccinated animals but not in controls. Significant titres to soluble egg antigen (SEA) were also demonstrated by ELISA in the 10 and 20 krad vaccinated groups following the first vaccination. The subsequent vaccinations and the challenge boosted this response considerably. Mean anti-SEA titres were only elevated above background in the 60-krad group six weeks after the third vaccination and in the challenge controls six weeks after challenge. Peripheral eosinophil counts were slightly reduced and neutrophil counts slightly elevated before challenge while eosinophil and erythrocyte counts were elevated and neutrophil counts @entity1 after challenge. @entity2 values were erratic in all groups. Eggs appeared in the faeces from six weeks after challenge and excretion rates were higher in all three vaccinated groups than in the challenge controls by necropsy 10 weeks after challenge. Body-weights were @entity1 in all groups after challenge but subsequently rose in the 10 and 20 krad groups. The 60 krad and challenge control groups lost 12.4% and 7.9% of body-weight respectively after challenge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Partial protection of XXXX against Schistosoma mansoni using radiation-attenuated cryopreserved schistosomula.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Increased formation of reactive @entity0 species is a cause of @entity3 (PQ)-induced injury and also provides a link between the signaling pathways and transcriptional events that regulate the expression of a large number of genes. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PQ-induced injury remain unclear. To investigate the changes in gene expression at the onset of PQ injury, we used the differential display-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. @entity1 were treated intraperitoneally with 20 mg/kg PQ, and after 3 h the lungs were immediately excised. Samples of mRNA from normal and treated @entity1 were used to prepare radiolabeled cDNAs, which were electrophoresed. Then the transcription levels were compared. We isolated 26 fragments of cDNA that were potentially affected by PQ, and determined their nucleotide sequences. Six clones of interest were selected and analyzed further. The reverse transcript-PCR based on their sequence information confirmed the differential expression for five clones: four clones were up-regulated and one was down-regulated. We were particularly interested in two genes that had homology with the known gene: TATA box-binding protein-associated factor, RNA polymerase II, B, 150 kDa ( @entity4 ), and a candidate gene for lipodystrophy, @entity5 . Both genes were significantly up-regulated within 3 h of PQ intake and the stimulation continued during our 24-h observation period. In addition, up-regulation of @entity5 was observed in the lungs, but not in the liver and kidneys. In situ hybridization using lung sections showed that the expression of both genes was strongly visualized in Clara cells and in alveolar macrophages. These findings suggest a stimulation of transcription levels and changes in lipid metabolism in Clara cells and in macrophages in the lungs, which result in their playing a crucial role at the onset of PQ-driven @entity2 .

title: Paraquat-induced gene expression in XXXX lung tissues using a differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We examined whether high dose @entity2 ( @entity3 ) monotherapy ( @entity3 serum levels > 9 mg/l) is well tolerated. Forty-one @entity0 with localisation-related @entity1 were enrolled. They received high dose monotherapy either from the time of recruitment (30/41), or their @entity3 treatment was pushed into the high dose range (11/41) during the observation period (mean 145 days). @entity3 and @entity3 metabolite serum levels, full blood counts, liver function tests, electrolytes were measured in addition to clinical assessments. The mean daily @entity3 dose was 1515 mg (median 1500, range 600-3600 mg). Mean @entity3 serum level was 11.1 mg/l (median 11.1, range 5.3-16.4 mg/l). Eleven of 41 @entity0 (26.8%) reported side effects (mean serum level 11.4, median 11.6, range 8.7-13.7 mg/l), but side effects were intolerable in only five @entity0 so that the @entity3 dose had to be reduced (mean @entity3 serum level 11.4, median 11.6, range 8.7-13.7 mg/l). The total daily @entity3 dose but not @entity3 or @entity3 metabolite levels were correlated with side effects. No treatment changes had to be undertaken because of abnormal laboratory parameters. High dose @entity3 anticonvulsant monotherapy is well tolerated.

title: [Tolerance of high dosage @entity2 monotherapy in treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: We examined whether high dose @entity2 ( @entity3 ) monotherapy ( @entity3 serum levels > 9 mg/l) is well tolerated. Forty-one @entity0 with localisation-related @entity1 were enrolled. They received high dose monotherapy either from the time of recruitment (30/41), or their @entity3 treatment was pushed into the high dose range (11/41) during the observation period (mean 145 days). @entity3 and @entity3 metabolite serum levels, full blood counts, liver function tests, electrolytes were measured in addition to clinical assessments. The mean daily @entity3 dose was 1515 mg (median 1500, range 600-3600 mg). Mean @entity3 serum level was 11.1 mg/l (median 11.1, range 5.3-16.4 mg/l). Eleven of 41 @entity0 (26.8%) reported side effects (mean serum level 11.4, median 11.6, range 8.7-13.7 mg/l), but side effects were intolerable in only five @entity0 so that the @entity3 dose had to be reduced (mean @entity3 serum level 11.4, median 11.6, range 8.7-13.7 mg/l). The total daily @entity3 dose but not @entity3 or @entity3 metabolite levels were correlated with side effects. No treatment changes had to be undertaken because of abnormal laboratory parameters. High dose @entity3 anticonvulsant monotherapy is well tolerated.

title: [Tolerance of high dosage XXXX monotherapy in treatment of @entity1 ].

answer: @entity2