abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a unique wake-promoting agent that is chemically distinct from traditional stimulants. Results of a placebo-controlled study showed it to improve @entity3 in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) at a dose of 200 mg daily, but not at a dose of 400 mg daily. OBJECTIVE: To establish the efficacy, safety and appropriate dose of @entity6 in the treatment of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHOD: A total of 50 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 (mean age 40.4 +/- 10.3 years, 30 females/20 males; @entity1 type: 36 relapsing remitting, 1 primary progressive, 13 secondary progressive; mean disability level 3.8 +/- 1.5 on the Kurtzke EDSS) and complaining of chronic @entity3 were enrolled in a prospective 3-month, two-center, open-label study. Efficacy was evaluated with the @entity7 ( @entity7 , score range 0-42), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS, score range 0-24) and by subjective @entity0 appraisal of change of @entity3 , quality of life and overall satisfaction with treatment. Adverse effects (AEs) were recorded throughout the study. Treatment was started with a single daily dose of 100 mg in all @entity0 . In non-responders the dose was increased by 100 mg increments up to a maximum daily dose of 400 mg. RESULTS: Three @entity0 discontinued @entity6 because of AEs (nervousness, @entity4 ). Two @entity0 (4 %) were treated with 50 mg, 25 (50 %) with 100 mg, 21 (42 %) with 200 mg and 2 (4 %) with 300 mg daily. No @entity0 required 400 mg daily. Mean @entity7 scores were 30.3 +/- 8.5 at baseline and 25.4 +/- 3.7 at 3 months (p < 0.0001). Mean ESS scores were 9.7 +/- 3.9 at baseline and 4.9 +/- 2.9 at 3 months (p < 0.0001). Self-appraisal of change of @entity3 showed clear improvement in 41 @entity0 (87.2 %), some improvement in 4 (8.5 %) and no change in 2 (4.3 %). Overall clinical condition was clearly improved in 43 @entity0 (91.5 %), somewhat improved in 1 @entity0 (2.1 %), and unchanged in 3 @entity0 (6.4 %). No @entity0 reported worsening of overall clinical condition. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity6 significantly improves @entity2 and is well tolerated by @entity0 with @entity1 . Unlike the higher dose regimen required in @entity5 , a low-dose regimen of @entity6 is effective in @entity1 .

title: @entity6 in treatment of XXXX in @entity1 . Results of an open-label study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a unique wake-promoting agent that is chemically distinct from traditional stimulants. Results of a placebo-controlled study showed it to improve @entity3 in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) at a dose of 200 mg daily, but not at a dose of 400 mg daily. OBJECTIVE: To establish the efficacy, safety and appropriate dose of @entity6 in the treatment of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHOD: A total of 50 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 (mean age 40.4 +/- 10.3 years, 30 females/20 males; @entity1 type: 36 relapsing remitting, 1 primary progressive, 13 secondary progressive; mean disability level 3.8 +/- 1.5 on the Kurtzke EDSS) and complaining of chronic @entity3 were enrolled in a prospective 3-month, two-center, open-label study. Efficacy was evaluated with the @entity7 ( @entity7 , score range 0-42), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS, score range 0-24) and by subjective @entity0 appraisal of change of @entity3 , quality of life and overall satisfaction with treatment. Adverse effects (AEs) were recorded throughout the study. Treatment was started with a single daily dose of 100 mg in all @entity0 . In non-responders the dose was increased by 100 mg increments up to a maximum daily dose of 400 mg. RESULTS: Three @entity0 discontinued @entity6 because of AEs (nervousness, @entity4 ). Two @entity0 (4 %) were treated with 50 mg, 25 (50 %) with 100 mg, 21 (42 %) with 200 mg and 2 (4 %) with 300 mg daily. No @entity0 required 400 mg daily. Mean @entity7 scores were 30.3 +/- 8.5 at baseline and 25.4 +/- 3.7 at 3 months (p < 0.0001). Mean ESS scores were 9.7 +/- 3.9 at baseline and 4.9 +/- 2.9 at 3 months (p < 0.0001). Self-appraisal of change of @entity3 showed clear improvement in 41 @entity0 (87.2 %), some improvement in 4 (8.5 %) and no change in 2 (4.3 %). Overall clinical condition was clearly improved in 43 @entity0 (91.5 %), somewhat improved in 1 @entity0 (2.1 %), and unchanged in 3 @entity0 (6.4 %). No @entity0 reported worsening of overall clinical condition. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity6 significantly improves @entity2 and is well tolerated by @entity0 with @entity1 . Unlike the higher dose regimen required in @entity5 , a low-dose regimen of @entity6 is effective in @entity1 .

title: @entity6 in treatment of @entity3 in XXXX . Results of an open-label study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Complications in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) seem less common than they were years ago. The prevalence and progression of @entity3 (aAASs), vertical subluxations (VSs), subaxial subluxations (SASs), and associated cervical @entity2 in @entity1 over the past 50 years were determined. METHODS: A literature search was performed by using Medline-OVID/EMBASE, PubMed, and Scopus (from 1960 to June 21, 2014). Prevalence studies were included if the sample size was at least 100 or the prevalence/progression of cervical subluxations was reported. Study quality was assessed by using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. Prevalence of cervical subluxations was calculated for each study. Student's t test and meta-regression were used to evaluate for significance. RESULTS: In total, 12,249 citations were identified and 59 studies were included. The prevalence of aAAS decreased from 36% (95% confidence interval (CI) 30% to 42%) before the 1980s to 24% (95% CI 13% to 36%) in the 2000s (P = 0.04). The overall prevalence rates were 11% (95% CI 10% to 19%) for VS, 13% (95% CI 12% to 20%) for SAS, and 5% (95% CI 3% to 9%) for cervical @entity2 , and there were no significant temporal changes. Rates of progression of aAAS, VS, and SAS were 4, 6, and 3 lesions per 100 @entity0 per year, respectively. The incidence of new or progressive cervical @entity2 was 2 cases per 100 @entity0 with known cervical subluxations per year. CONCLUSIONS: Since the 1960s, only aAAS has decreased dramatically. It is still more than twice as common as VS or SAS. No temporal changes in the development of cervical @entity2 in affected @entity0 with @entity1 were noted. The progression rates of cervical subluxations and @entity2 were unchanged over time.

title: Cervical spine involvement in XXXX over time: results from a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find the prevalence of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 and to examine the relationship between the @entity3 and various parameters of the disease (disease severity, disease duration, lesion site, age and sex). METHODS: Using the International prostate symptom score, lower urinary tract symptoms were quantitatively evaluated in all @entity0 with @entity1 who had visited our neurological department during three months. The lesion site in the central nervous system was determined by a combination of neurological and magnetic resonance imaging findings. RESULTS: Of the 47 @entity0 who had completed the questionnaire, 25 (53 %) were considered to have symptomatic @entity3 . Even at early stage of the disability, 6 of 19 (32 %) @entity0 were symptomatic. Eight (17 %) @entity0 had irritative urinary symptoms alone, whereas 9 (19 %) @entity0 had obstructive urinary symptoms alone. The irritative and obstructive symptoms were concomitant in 10 (21 %) @entity0 . Compared with reports from Western countries, the ratio of obstructive symptoms to @entity2 was high in Japan. The degree of @entity2 was well correlated with the disease severity, whereas the correlation of obstructive symptoms with the disease severity was less significant. Irritative symptoms also showed a weak correlation with the disease duration, but obstructive symptoms did not. Among the lesion sites in the central nervous system, only the presence of the @entity4 was related to the degree of urinary symptoms. Urinary symptoms were not significantly influenced by the age or the sex. Quality of life was disturbed by urinary symptoms, and this disturbance paralleled the disease severity. CONCLUSION: Urinary symptoms, especially @entity2 , reflect the condition of the disease. Thus, the quantified urinary symptoms may assist neurological diagnosis.

title: Relationship between urinary symptoms and disease-related parameters in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Fatigue is a common symptom in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 , even early in the disease, but the pathophysiology remains unclear. We aimed to determine morphologic and microstructural correlates and neuropsychological @entity2 in early relapsing-remitting @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Seventy-nine early relapsing-remitting @entity1 @entity0 (38 with @entity4 and 41 without), none of whom suffered from @entity3 , underwent neuropsychological testing. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed using anatomical and diffusion tensor imaging sequences on all @entity0 and 40 controls. Voxel-based morphologic analysis and tract-based spatial statistics were performed. RESULTS: Only @entity0 with cognitive @entity4 , but not those without, exhibited alterations in the thalamic region, showing reduced thalamic fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity values. No differences in lesion volume and lesion distribution were observed between @entity0 groups. In cognitive tests, no significant differences were found between the two groups in the number of @entity0 with pathologic scores; however, subjective @entity2 differed. CONCLUSION: Morphological alterations and distinct microstructural changes (mainly in the thalamus) but not typical @entity1 were found to be related to cognitive @entity1 . We suggest that compensatory processes adapting to these changes could initially facilitate normal cognitive performance, but also result in a feeling of @entity4 . KEY POINTS:     Morphological alterations and microstructural changes are related to @entity4 in @entity1     Thalamic alterations in particular were related to @entity1     Fatigued @entity0 exhibited subjective but not measurable @entity2     Compensatory processes help preserve or maintain cognitive performance but also contribute to @entity4 .

title: Structural correlates for @entity4 in early relapsing remitting XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Fatigue is a common symptom in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 , even early in the disease, but the pathophysiology remains unclear. We aimed to determine morphologic and microstructural correlates and neuropsychological @entity2 in early relapsing-remitting @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Seventy-nine early relapsing-remitting @entity1 @entity0 (38 with @entity4 and 41 without), none of whom suffered from @entity3 , underwent neuropsychological testing. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed using anatomical and diffusion tensor imaging sequences on all @entity0 and 40 controls. Voxel-based morphologic analysis and tract-based spatial statistics were performed. RESULTS: Only @entity0 with cognitive @entity4 , but not those without, exhibited alterations in the thalamic region, showing reduced thalamic fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity values. No differences in lesion volume and lesion distribution were observed between @entity0 groups. In cognitive tests, no significant differences were found between the two groups in the number of @entity0 with pathologic scores; however, subjective @entity2 differed. CONCLUSION: Morphological alterations and distinct microstructural changes (mainly in the thalamus) but not typical @entity1 were found to be related to cognitive @entity1 . We suggest that compensatory processes adapting to these changes could initially facilitate normal cognitive performance, but also result in a feeling of @entity4 . KEY POINTS:     Morphological alterations and microstructural changes are related to @entity4 in @entity1     Thalamic alterations in particular were related to @entity1     Fatigued @entity0 exhibited subjective but not measurable @entity2     Compensatory processes help preserve or maintain cognitive performance but also contribute to @entity4 .

title: Structural correlates for XXXX in early relapsing remitting @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 (CRF), a strong predictor of mortality, is impaired among cancer @entity0 . There is limited data, however, regarding CRF levels in @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 . METHODS: We compared CRF among ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer cases (n=89) to age-matched controls (n=89) in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study (CCLS). CRF was evaluated by a maximal treadmill exercise tolerance test using a modified-Balke protocol. Conditional logistic regression was used to test for case-control differences in @entity2 , after controlling for age and body mass index, and adhering to the matched pairs design. RESULTS: The mean ages of cancer cases and controls were 50.9 years and 51.1 years, respectively (p=0.81). Peak METs (1 MET=3.5 mL kg(-1)min(-1)) were 9.2    2.0 in cancer cases compared to 10.0    2.2 in controls (p=0.03). When stratifying by type of cancer, peak METs were 8.9    2.2, 8.4    1.9, 9.5    2.0 for @entity0 with ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer, respectively. A gynecological cancer diagnosis was associated with greater odds of having 1-MET lower CRF compared to controls (OR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.05-1.64, p=0.018), after controlling for age and BMI. CONCLUSION: Gynecologic cancer survivors were more likely to have a 1-MET lower CRF than controls. Given a 1-MET change in CRF is associated with a significant, we advocate for more robust research regarding CRF in gynecologic cancer @entity0 .

title: XXXX in survivors of cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate diffusion-weighted MR imaging in @entity2 . We prospectively examined seven @entity0 (age range 1-3 years) with seven solid body @entity2 . Diagnosis was established histologically. Diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence was performed in all @entity0 , with a repetition time of 5400 ms and an echo time of 103 ms, and with a b-value of 1000 s/mm(2). The contrast of @entity1 tissue depicted with T2-weighted images and diffusion-weighted images were evaluated by means of region-of-interest measurements and a calculation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was done. The ADC calculation showed a mean ADC of 1.1x10(-3) (SD 0.14x10(-3), range 0.9-1.2x10(-3)) mm(2)/s of all @entity1 . Diffusion-weighted images showed an increased @entity1 signal. Water proton diffusion within the @entity1 matrix of @entity2 is especially restricted by the molecular and macromolecular barriers due to the very dense structure of this @entity1 tissue. We hypothesize that high nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio of @entity2 cells limits intracellular motion. Furthermore, the very densely packed @entity1 cells inhibit effective motion of extracellular water protons. @entity3 leads to a reduction in the rate of apparent diffusion and to a marked increase in signal on diffusion-weighted EPI MR images.

title: MRI-diffusion imaging of XXXX : first results and correlation to histology.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effect of @entity3 ( @entity1 ) exposure on extraembryonic vascular development was examined using the @entity4 embryo area vasculosa (AV) in shell-less culture. Embryos were placed in cultures at Hamburger Hamilton (HH) stage 11/12 and a single dose of @entity1 (10, 30 or 50%) was applied to the center of the blastodisc. Untreated/ @entity7 -treated controls showed normal embryonic growth and well-developed extraembryonic vessels at 24/48 h of treatment. At doses of 30 and 50%, the mortality rate was significantly increased, and survivors demonstrated significant @entity2 and inhibition of normal vascular development in a dose-dependent manner. Immunostaining for @entity9 ( @entity9 ) showed that mesenchymal cells continued to differentiate into angioblasts to form blood islands, but their assembly into primitive vessels was perturbed in a dose-dependent manner. Northern blot analyses of basic fibroblast growth factor, @entity9 , @entity10 and @entity8 mRNA expression supported these findings and showed a dose-dependent decrease in @entity1 -treated cultures compared to controls. Co-treatment with @entity5 (0.05 M) or @entity6 (10(-8) M) significantly decreased the mortality rate and improved both embryonic growth and extraembryonic vascular development in the cultures. On the other hand, almost all embryos treated with 10% @entity1 survived the first 48 h after treatment. However, the complexity of the vascular tree measured as the relative vasculogenesis index, the surface area of the AV and the mRNA expression of vasculogenic molecules were increased during the first 24 h. This acute effect disappeared 48 h after treatment and the vascular tree continued to develop parallel to the controls. No significant @entity2 was observed in this group. These results suggest that, in terms of extraembryonic vascular development, an early, single, low-dose @entity1 exposure may have an acute, short-term positive effect, whereas moderate- or high-dose @entity1 exposure may severely perturb this process disabling the necessary absorption of the nutrients for the embryo to develop properly. The mechanisms of action of @entity1 on extraembryonic vascular development may involve the establishment of reactive @entity0 species, resulting in the initiation of oxidative stress and perturbation of @entity6 signaling and alterations in the expression of growth-regulatory vasculogenic factors and their receptors.

title: The effect of @entity3 exposure on extraembryonic vascular development in the XXXX area vasculosa.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effect of @entity3 ( @entity1 ) exposure on extraembryonic vascular development was examined using the @entity4 embryo area vasculosa (AV) in shell-less culture. Embryos were placed in cultures at Hamburger Hamilton (HH) stage 11/12 and a single dose of @entity1 (10, 30 or 50%) was applied to the center of the blastodisc. Untreated/ @entity7 -treated controls showed normal embryonic growth and well-developed extraembryonic vessels at 24/48 h of treatment. At doses of 30 and 50%, the mortality rate was significantly increased, and survivors demonstrated significant @entity2 and inhibition of normal vascular development in a dose-dependent manner. Immunostaining for @entity9 ( @entity9 ) showed that mesenchymal cells continued to differentiate into angioblasts to form blood islands, but their assembly into primitive vessels was perturbed in a dose-dependent manner. Northern blot analyses of basic fibroblast growth factor, @entity9 , @entity10 and @entity8 mRNA expression supported these findings and showed a dose-dependent decrease in @entity1 -treated cultures compared to controls. Co-treatment with @entity5 (0.05 M) or @entity6 (10(-8) M) significantly decreased the mortality rate and improved both embryonic growth and extraembryonic vascular development in the cultures. On the other hand, almost all embryos treated with 10% @entity1 survived the first 48 h after treatment. However, the complexity of the vascular tree measured as the relative vasculogenesis index, the surface area of the AV and the mRNA expression of vasculogenic molecules were increased during the first 24 h. This acute effect disappeared 48 h after treatment and the vascular tree continued to develop parallel to the controls. No significant @entity2 was observed in this group. These results suggest that, in terms of extraembryonic vascular development, an early, single, low-dose @entity1 exposure may have an acute, short-term positive effect, whereas moderate- or high-dose @entity1 exposure may severely perturb this process disabling the necessary absorption of the nutrients for the embryo to develop properly. The mechanisms of action of @entity1 on extraembryonic vascular development may involve the establishment of reactive @entity0 species, resulting in the initiation of oxidative stress and perturbation of @entity6 signaling and alterations in the expression of growth-regulatory vasculogenic factors and their receptors.

title: The effect of XXXX exposure on extraembryonic vascular development in the @entity4 area vasculosa.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether direct retrograde ice saline infusion in the jugular vein without cardiopulmonary bypass protects @entity0 brains after @entity2 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, prospective study. SETTING: University physiology research laboratory. SUBJECTS: @entity0 (270-320 g, males). INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were randomized into three groups and given a) no resuscitation after onset of @entity1 ( @entity1 , n = 8); b) ice saline infusion in the femoral vein after onset of @entity1 ( @entity1 + F, n = 8); or c) retrograde ice saline infusion in the external jugular vein after onset of @entity1 ( @entity1 + J, n = 8). @entity0 were exposed to an ambient temperature of 43 degrees C after vessel cannulation. Their mean arterial pressure, heart rate, colonic temperature, and brain temperature were continuously recorded. Survival time and brain pathology were checked. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Although colonic temperature decreased 0.8-1.0 degrees C 15 mins after @entity2 in all groups, no treatment-related changes in colonic temperature were noted in any group. However, significant changes were observed in brain temperature. Fifteen minutes after @entity2 , brain temperature was 37.6 +/- 0.4 degrees C, 36.1 +/- 0.4 degrees C, and 33.6 +/- 0.8 degrees C in @entity1 , @entity1 + F, and @entity1 + J, respectively. Survival time was 16.1 +/- 2.1, 33.0 +/- 3.8, and >120 mins in these groups, respectively. Neuron damage score was significantly lower in @entity1 + J and without lateralization. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully demonstrated that direct retrograde hypothermic perfusion via the jugular vein without cardiopulmonary bypass protected the brain after @entity1 . This technique cooled the brain but did not significantly interfere with body temperature.

title: Hypothermic retrograde jugular perfusion reduces brain damage in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether direct retrograde ice saline infusion in the jugular vein without cardiopulmonary bypass protects @entity0 brains after @entity2 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, prospective study. SETTING: University physiology research laboratory. SUBJECTS: @entity0 (270-320 g, males). INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were randomized into three groups and given a) no resuscitation after onset of @entity1 ( @entity1 , n = 8); b) ice saline infusion in the femoral vein after onset of @entity1 ( @entity1 + F, n = 8); or c) retrograde ice saline infusion in the external jugular vein after onset of @entity1 ( @entity1 + J, n = 8). @entity0 were exposed to an ambient temperature of 43 degrees C after vessel cannulation. Their mean arterial pressure, heart rate, colonic temperature, and brain temperature were continuously recorded. Survival time and brain pathology were checked. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Although colonic temperature decreased 0.8-1.0 degrees C 15 mins after @entity2 in all groups, no treatment-related changes in colonic temperature were noted in any group. However, significant changes were observed in brain temperature. Fifteen minutes after @entity2 , brain temperature was 37.6 +/- 0.4 degrees C, 36.1 +/- 0.4 degrees C, and 33.6 +/- 0.8 degrees C in @entity1 , @entity1 + F, and @entity1 + J, respectively. Survival time was 16.1 +/- 2.1, 33.0 +/- 3.8, and >120 mins in these groups, respectively. Neuron damage score was significantly lower in @entity1 + J and without lateralization. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully demonstrated that direct retrograde hypothermic perfusion via the jugular vein without cardiopulmonary bypass protected the brain after @entity1 . This technique cooled the brain but did not significantly interfere with body temperature.

title: Hypothermic retrograde jugular perfusion reduces brain damage in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To analyze the clinical characters, prognostic factors, patterns of relapse and treatment outcomes for @entity3 in adults. The clinical materials of 73 consecutive adult @entity0 (age, >= 16  years) with @entity3 were analyzed retrospectively. Follow-up data were available in 62 @entity0 , ranging from 10 to 142  months (median, 78.4  months). Outcome in survival was assessed by the progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine the prognostic factors. Total or near-total @entity1 resection was achieved in 37 cases (59.7  %), subtotal in 19 cases (30.6  %), and partial resection in 6 cases (9.7  %).Twenty-two @entity0 experienced recurrences, and 45  % percent of all recurrences occurred more than 4  years after initial surgery. The PFS rates at 5 and 8  years were 60.1 and 37.0  %, respectively. The @entity2 rates at 5 and 8  years were 82.6 and 57.3  %, respectively. In univariate analysis, less @entity1 resection, non-desmoplastic pathology, and brainstem involvement were risk factors for worse PFS and @entity2 (P  <  0.05). High-risk category was associated with just lower PFS, but not @entity2 . In multivariate analysis, complete resection and desmoplastic pathology were independently predictive factors of improved PFS and @entity2 . In @entity3 , late relapse is common and therefore long-term follow-up is important for evaluating the real impact of treatments. Risk category had prognostic value just for PFS, but not for @entity2 . Complete resection and desmoplastic histology are independently predictive factors for favorable outcomes.

title: XXXX : clinical characters, prognostic factors, outcomes and patterns of relapse.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term survival and functional outcome in intensive care unit survivors after mechanical ventilation for @entity3 . DESIGN: Retrospective chart review and prospective follow-up study. SETTING: Outpatient follow-up. @entity0 : Between 1997 and 2000, 120 @entity0 were mechanically ventilated for an @entity3 at our intensive care unit. Sixty-two @entity0 were discharged from hospital (in-hospital mortality = 48%). Sixty @entity0 were evaluated for survival and functional outcome (two were lost to follow-up). Time between discharge and follow-up was > or =1 yr and was a mean of 27 +/- 14 months (range, 12-56). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity0 ' physicians were first asked about survival, and @entity0 or proxies were interviewed by phone. Barthel Index and modified Rankin Scale scores were collected, and demographic information and general data were reviewed. The estimated life-table survival curve after discharge was 64.6% at 1 yr and 57% at 3 yrs. In the 24 @entity0 who died, the mean time between discharge and @entity1 was 5 +/- 6 months. Probability of @entity1 after discharge significantly increased if age at admission was >65 yrs (p <.01; odds ratio, 3.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-9.1) and if Glasgow @entity2 Scale score at discharge was <15 (p <.01; odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-9.5). In the 36 long-term survivors, Barthel Index was 67.5 +/- 15 (median +/- median absolute dispersion) and modified Rankin Scale score was 2.6 +/- 0.5. Fifteen @entity0 (42%) had a slight or no disability (Barthel Index > or =90 and modified Rankin Scale score < or =2), whereas 21 @entity0 (58%) had moderate or severe disability (Barthel Index < or =85 and modified Rankin Scale score >2). CONCLUSIONS: Probability of survival at 3 yrs after mechanical ventilation for an @entity3 was >50%. Age was an important determinant of long-term survival. Forty-two percent of long-term survivors were independent for activities of daily living. Only a few long-term survivors had a very high degree of disability.

title: Long-term outcome in intensive care unit survivors after mechanical ventilation for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case-control association study and a stratified study investigating the genetic etiology for @entity7 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of restriction fragment length polymorphisms of @entity2 receptor, @entity4 receptor, @entity3 , and @entity6 with susceptibility to @entity7 and its severity. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Contribution of genetic backgrounds to the etiology for @entity7 has been suggested by epidemiologic studies. METHODS: Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid samples obtained from 120 @entity0 (77 @entity0 and 43 @entity0 ) with @entity7 and 306 control subjects without the disorder (166 @entity0 and 140 @entity0 ) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and polymorphism genotypes were determined by restriction endonuclease digestion. The distribution of genotypes was compared between @entity0 with the disorder and control subjects. In addition, the severity of ossification was determined by the number of ossified vertebrae in @entity0 with the disorder, and associations of the severity with age, gender, and genotypes were examined. RESULTS: @entity2 receptor (P = 0.007) and @entity5 (P = 0.001) polymorphisms exhibited different distributions between @entity0 with @entity7 and control subjects in @entity0 , but not in @entity0 . In @entity0 with the disorder, the severity of ossification was negatively correlated with age in @entity0 (P = 0.013), but not in @entity0 . @entity2 receptor polymorphism was associated with the severity only in @entity0 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of genetic backgrounds is likely to be stronger in @entity0 than in @entity0 with @entity7 . @entity2 receptor polymorphism was associated with both @entity1 , but @entity5 polymorphism was associated only with its initiation in @entity0 .

title: Association of bone metabolism regulatory factor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to XXXX and its severity.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary events such as severe injury and elective surgery cause a deterioration of the immune response measurable by reduction of expression of HLA-DR on monocytes or ex vivo LPS-induced @entity2 production. The further influence of secondary surgery after severe injury on the immune response remains unresolved. DESIGN: Prospective observation study. SETTING: Surgical intensive care unit of an university hospital. @entity0 : Sixteen severely injured @entity0 with an ISS >25 points. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: On day 1 after @entity1 and immediately before secondary surgery, mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of HLA-DR expression on monocytes and @entity2 ex vivo synthesis was significantly reduced compared to healthy donors. Overall, surgical intervention during the second week after @entity1 caused no further reduction of HLA-DR expression on monocytes and of the ex vivo @entity2 -synthesis. However, major surgery such as intramedullary nailing or pelvic osteosynthesis caused reduction of the HLA-DR expression and @entity2 -synthesis, whereas, minor surgical interventions such as osteosynthesis on peripheral joints exhibited no significant effects on the immune response. Surgical intervention performed to clear septic foci normalised immune response by elevating HLA-DR expression on monocytes and ex vivo @entity2 synthesis. @entity1 caused elevated serum @entity3 levels, whereas secondary surgery did not induce a further increase in serum @entity3 levels. CONCLUSION: This study shows that initial @entity1 as well as major secondary surgery causes a suppression of immune functions, whereas minor secondary surgery does not cause significant immune disturbance.

title: Influence of surgical intervention in the immune response of severely injured XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Immunoregulatory properties of cytokines may contribute to pathological immune reactions in @entity1 . There is an urgent need for a simple and dependable means for quantitating inflammatory activity in mucosal biopsies and assessing relapse risk particularly in @entity0 with active @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Cytokine and chemokine transcripts were quantified using real-time PCR in mucosal biopsy specimens from 70 @entity0 with active @entity1 ( @entity2 , n=45; @entity3 n=25) and 16 @entity0 with specific @entity10 ( @entity4 , @entity10 ). Controls were 12 @entity0 with noninflammatory conditions. @entity2 @entity0 with @entity5 -induced remission (n=20) were followed for up to 12 months. RESULTS: Compared to not-inflamed mucosa the vast majority of active @entity2 tissue samples expressed significantly elevated transcript levels of @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity12 , @entity13 , @entity14 , and @entity11 . Moreover, increased cytokine transcript levels were detected in both active @entity3 and specific @entity10 . Importantly, @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity15 , and @entity12 transcripts increased in active @entity2 only. Transcript levels ( @entity13 , @entity8 , @entity11 , @entity14 ) were correlated with clinical disease activity (CDAI) and endoscopic scoring indices. Medical treatment induced stable remission in 14 of 20 @entity0 which was paralleled by a reduction in increased transcript levels. All six @entity0 without normalization of @entity14 , @entity13 , @entity6 , and @entity9 transcripts developed an early relapse (n=5) or chronic activity (n=1) during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Elevated proinflammatory cytokine transcripts in active @entity2 may underlie disease reactivation and chronicity. Real-time PCR quantification is a simple and objective method for grading inflammation of intestinal mucosa and may be useful in identifying @entity0 who would benefit from anti-inflammatory remission maintenance.

title: Cytokine/chemokine transcript profiles reflect mucosal inflammation in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The role of laparoscopic surgery in @entity0 with @entity1 remains to be defined, although increasingly difficult cases are being treated using minimally invasive techniques. We examined technical feasibility in 20 @entity0 with @entity1 associated with @entity2 . METHODS: Laparoscopic surgery was attempted in 37 @entity0 with stricturing @entity4 or @entity1 from 1994 to 2000 after failure of strict nutritional therapy. Twenty of these @entity0 with a total of 31 intestinal @entity2 (14 ileoileal, 6 ileocolonic, 5 ileorectal, 2 ileovesical, 2 ileocutaneous, 1 gastrocolic, and 1 ileoduodenal) underwent 25 operations. Fistulas were divided intracorporeally, except for @entity2 . Fifteen @entity0 underwent ileocecal resection; six underwent strictureplasty; six underwent partial resection of the small intestine; three underwent segmental colonic resection; and one underwent resection of anastomotic recurrence. Median follow-up was 48 (range, 5-77) months. RESULTS: Oral intake was started a median of 1 (range, 1-9) day after operation, and @entity0 were discharged a median of 8 (range, 6-21) days after surgery. Four complications were observed in 25 operations (16 percent), including 1 @entity3 , and 1 @entity5 . There were no intraoperative or postoperative deaths. Four of the 5 operations were converted to open surgery (16 percent). Three of the 5 @entity0 (60 percent) who required reoperation for anastomotic recurrence underwent repeated laparoscopic surgery using the same small incision. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic treatment for @entity1 complicated by @entity2 is feasible without high complication or conversion rates. Recurrent disease requiring reoperation can also be successfully treated using laparoscopic methods.

title: Successful application of laparoscopic surgery to the treatment of @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The role of laparoscopic surgery in @entity0 with @entity1 remains to be defined, although increasingly difficult cases are being treated using minimally invasive techniques. We examined technical feasibility in 20 @entity0 with @entity1 associated with @entity2 . METHODS: Laparoscopic surgery was attempted in 37 @entity0 with stricturing @entity4 or @entity1 from 1994 to 2000 after failure of strict nutritional therapy. Twenty of these @entity0 with a total of 31 intestinal @entity2 (14 ileoileal, 6 ileocolonic, 5 ileorectal, 2 ileovesical, 2 ileocutaneous, 1 gastrocolic, and 1 ileoduodenal) underwent 25 operations. Fistulas were divided intracorporeally, except for @entity2 . Fifteen @entity0 underwent ileocecal resection; six underwent strictureplasty; six underwent partial resection of the small intestine; three underwent segmental colonic resection; and one underwent resection of anastomotic recurrence. Median follow-up was 48 (range, 5-77) months. RESULTS: Oral intake was started a median of 1 (range, 1-9) day after operation, and @entity0 were discharged a median of 8 (range, 6-21) days after surgery. Four complications were observed in 25 operations (16 percent), including 1 @entity3 , and 1 @entity5 . There were no intraoperative or postoperative deaths. Four of the 5 operations were converted to open surgery (16 percent). Three of the 5 @entity0 (60 percent) who required reoperation for anastomotic recurrence underwent repeated laparoscopic surgery using the same small incision. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic treatment for @entity1 complicated by @entity2 is feasible without high complication or conversion rates. Recurrent disease requiring reoperation can also be successfully treated using laparoscopic methods.

title: Successful application of laparoscopic surgery to the treatment of XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fluid aspiration, percutaneous biopsy, and catheter drainage are standard minimally invasive methods of diagnosing @entity1 or @entity4 in adults. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of interventional radiologic techniques in diagnosing specific @entity3 in @entity0 . METHODS: During a 4-year period, 22 @entity0 (16 male, 6 female; median age, 13 years) underwent 25 percutaneous biopsies, 6 fluid aspirations, 3 catheter drainages, and 1 needle localization for diagnosing suspected @entity3 . RESULTS: For @entity2 , the procedures yielded 6 true-positive (TP) results, 2 @entity6 ( @entity6 ) results, and 2 false-negative (FN) results; for @entity5 ( @entity5 ), 14 TP results, 1 @entity6 result, and 3 FN results; and for @entity4 , 4 TP results and 3 FN results. Percutaneous biopsies yielded 16 TP results, 3 @entity6 results, and 6 FN results. Aspirations and drainages yielded 8 TP results and 1 FN result. The one needle localization yielded a FN result. Overall sensitivity was 75%+/-7.3%; specificity, 100%; and accuracy, 77%+/-7.1%. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous biopsy of @entity1 is usually diagnostic. Drainage or aspiration of a fluid collection associated with @entity5 or @entity4 is often diagnostic and is less invasive than biopsy. These procedures are minimally invasive and effective for diagnosing pediatric @entity3 .

title: Interventional radiology techniques for the diagnosis of @entity1 or XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fluid aspiration, percutaneous biopsy, and catheter drainage are standard minimally invasive methods of diagnosing @entity1 or @entity4 in adults. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of interventional radiologic techniques in diagnosing specific @entity3 in @entity0 . METHODS: During a 4-year period, 22 @entity0 (16 male, 6 female; median age, 13 years) underwent 25 percutaneous biopsies, 6 fluid aspirations, 3 catheter drainages, and 1 needle localization for diagnosing suspected @entity3 . RESULTS: For @entity2 , the procedures yielded 6 true-positive (TP) results, 2 @entity6 ( @entity6 ) results, and 2 false-negative (FN) results; for @entity5 ( @entity5 ), 14 TP results, 1 @entity6 result, and 3 FN results; and for @entity4 , 4 TP results and 3 FN results. Percutaneous biopsies yielded 16 TP results, 3 @entity6 results, and 6 FN results. Aspirations and drainages yielded 8 TP results and 1 FN result. The one needle localization yielded a FN result. Overall sensitivity was 75%+/-7.3%; specificity, 100%; and accuracy, 77%+/-7.1%. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous biopsy of @entity1 is usually diagnostic. Drainage or aspiration of a fluid collection associated with @entity5 or @entity4 is often diagnostic and is less invasive than biopsy. These procedures are minimally invasive and effective for diagnosing pediatric @entity3 .

title: Interventional radiology techniques for the diagnosis of XXXX or @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study evaluated 8 empirical models for their ability to accurately predict mean ruminal pH in beef @entity0 fed a wide range of diets. Models tested that use physically effective fiber (peNDF) as a dependent variable were Pitt et al. (1996, @entity1 ), Mertens (1997, MER), Fox et al. (2004, FOX), Zebeli et al. (2006, ZB6), and Zebeli et al. (2008, ZB8), and those that use rumen VFA were Tamminga and Van Vuuren (1988, @entity5 ), Lescoat and Sauvant (1995, LES), and Allen (1997, @entity3 ). A data set of 65 published papers (231 treatment means) for beef @entity0 was assembled that included information on animal characteristics, diet composition, and ruminal fermentation and mean pH. Model evaluations were based on mean square prediction error (MSPE), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and regression analysis. The prediction potential of the models varied with low root MSPE (RMSPE) values of 4.94% and 5.37% for @entity1 and FOX, RMSPE values of 9.66% and 12.55% for ZB6 and MER, and intermediate RMSPE values of 5.66% to 6.26% for the other models. For @entity1 and FOX, with the lowest RMSPE, approximately 96% of MSPE was due to random error, whereas for ZB6 and MER, with the highest RMSPE, 15.85% and 23.42% of MSPE, respectively, was due to linear bias, and 37.19% and 60.12% of the error, respectively, was due to deviation of the regression slope from unity. The CCC was greatest for @entity1 (0.67) and FOX (0.62), followed by 0.60 for LES and @entity5 , 0.52 for ZB8, 0.39 for MER, 0.34 for @entity3 , and 0.22 for ZB6. Residuals plotted against model-predicted values showed linear bias (P < 0.001) for all models except @entity1 (P = 0.976) and FOX (P = 0.054) and mean bias (P < 0.001) except for FOX (P = 0.293), LES (P = 0.215), and @entity5 (P = 0.119). The study showed that the empirical models @entity1 and FOX, based on peNDF, and LES and @entity5 , based on VFA, are preferred over the others for prediction of mean ruminal pH in beef @entity0 fed a wide range of diets. Several animal (BW and intake), diet (forage and OM contents), and ruminal ( @entity4 and @entity2 concentrations) factors were (P < 0.001) related to the residuals for each model. We conclude that the accuracy of prediction of mean ruminal pH was relatively low for all extant models. Consideration of factors in addition to peNDF and total VFA, as well as the use of data from studies with continuous measurement of ruminal pH over 24 h or more, would be useful in the development of improved models for predicting ruminal pH in beef @entity0 .

title: Ruminal pH predictions for beef XXXX : Comparative evaluation of current models.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Medical @entity2 is an anesthetic-induced state of brain inactivation, manifest in the electroencephalogram by burst suppression. Feedback control can be used to regulate burst suppression, however, previous designs have not been robust. Robust control design is critical under real-world operating conditions, subject to substantial pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameter uncertainty and unpredictable external disturbances. We sought to develop a robust closed-loop anesthesia delivery (CLAD) system to control medical @entity2 . APPROACH: We developed a robust CLAD system to control the burst suppression probability (BSP). We developed a novel BSP tracking algorithm based on realistic models of @entity3 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. We also developed a practical method for estimating @entity0 -specific pharmacodynamics parameters. Finally, we synthesized a robust proportional integral controller. Using a factorial design spanning @entity0 age, mass, height, and gender, we tested whether the system performed within clinically acceptable limits. Throughout all experiments we subjected the system to disturbances, simulating treatment of refractory @entity1 in a real-world intensive care unit environment. MAIN RESULTS: In 5400 simulations, CLAD behavior remained within specifications. Transient behavior after a step in target BSP from 0.2 to 0.8 exhibited a rise time (the median (min, max)) of 1.4 [1.1, 1.9] min; settling time, 7.8 [4.2, 9.0] min; and percent overshoot of 9.6 [2.3, 10.8]%. Under steady state conditions the CLAD system exhibited a median error of 0.1 [-0.5, 0.9]%; inaccuracy of 1.8 [0.9, 3.4]%; oscillation index of 1.8 [0.9, 3.4]%; and maximum instantaneous @entity3 dose of 4.3 [2.1, 10.5] mg kg(-1). The maximum hourly @entity3 dose was 4.3 [2.1, 10.3] mg kg(-1) h(-1). Performance fell within clinically acceptable limits for all measures. SIGNIFICANCE: A CLAD system designed using robust control theory achieves clinically acceptable performance in the presence of realistic unmodeled disturbances and in spite of realistic model uncertainty, while maintaining infusion rates within acceptable safety limits.

title: Robust control of burst suppression for medical XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although genetic tests for many economically important beef @entity0 traits are commercially available, additional information is needed to help the industry better understand how the results from these tests translate into phenotypic outcomes. This information has important implications for marker-assisted management. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between molecular breeding values ( @entity1 ) characterizing yield grade and marbling and distributions of phenotypic outcomes for yield grade and quality grade. Using data collected from commercially-fed @entity0 , mixed-model regression equations were estimated for yield grade and quality grade outcomes for both the full sample of commercial @entity0 (n= 8,995) and a subsample of black-hided steers (n = 4,790). Significant yield grade (P < 0.01) and marbling (P < 0.01) @entity1 effects were found. However, the yield grade @entity1 held up better at predicting phenotypic outcomes than the marbling @entity1 . Estimated conditional probability mass functions of yield and quality grade outcomes for the general population and black-hided steers were similar. Since distributions for black-hided steers were expected to be more applicable from a management perspective, we focused our analysis on these animals. For example, black-hided steers with "low" genetic potential for yield grade and marbling had about a 29% chance of achieving the base price or better on a price grid (yield grade 3 or lower and quality grade Low Choice or better). Increasing genetic potential for marbling increased the likelihood of achieving this same outcome. However, increasing genetic potential for yield grade was unlikely to increase overall carcass quality given its large deleterious effect on quality grade outcomes. Instead, simultaneous improvements in genetic potential for yield grade and marbling offered much more reliable improvements in overall carcass quality. For example, an animal with "moderate" genetic potential for both yield grade and marbling had a 46% chance of achieving the base price or better on a price grid, and an animal with the maximum observed @entity1 for these traits had a 66% chance of achieving this same outcome. Although the yield grade @entity1 held up better at predicting phenotypic outcomes, shifts in the distributions of yield grade and quality grade suggested that these increases were largely determined by the marbling @entity1 .

title: Yield and quality grade outcomes as affected by molecular breeding values for commercial beef XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In June 2000, there was a large-scale outbreak of food @entity2 after consumption of Snow Brand low fat milk. In the evening of a day the incident made public, some cartons of low fat milk were brought to our laboratory for examination. Next day, we detected only @entity3 gene among SE (A-E) genes by PCR in left-over milk samples or samples from the same lots that @entity0 had consumed. We presumed that the outbreak was caused by the intake of SEA. We subsequently confirmed the presence of SEA in these samples. To investigate the existence of SE (A-E) genes in milk, we examined 100 samples of commercial low fat milk and milk by PCR, but none of the genes was detected. We estimated the detection limit of SEA gene in low fat milk by PCR. Four strains of SEA-producing @entity1 cultures were serially diluted in low fat milk. The SEA gene was detected at levels of 5.5 x 10(2) to 1.6 x 10(4) cfu/mL of @entity1 . These amounts of @entity1 are higher than the values in raw milk reported previously. Therefore we consider that SE genes in low fat milk should usually be undetectable by our PCR. This study shows that quick detection of SE genes by PCR is very helpful to analyze outbreaks, especially if no significant bacterium can be cultured.

title: [Significance of the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A gene in low fat milk which caused a serious outbreak of food XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: A SNP ( @entity4 @entity5 ) within intron 3 of disrupts a binding site for the repressor @entity0 finger BED-type containing 6 ( @entity6 ), leading to increased carcass lean yields in @entity3 . However, the relative contributions of prenatal as opposed to postnatal increased @entity4 expression are unclear. As muscle fiber number is set at birth, prenatal and neonate skeletal muscle development is critical in determining mature growth potential. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the contributions of @entity2 and @entity1 to increased muscle mass and to delineate the effect of the mutation on the expression of myogenic genes during prenatal and postnatal growth. Sows ( @entity4 A/A) were bred to a single heterozygous ( @entity4 A/G) boar. For fetal samples, sows were euthanized at 60 and 90 d of gestation (d60 and d90) to obtain fetuses. Male and female offspring were also euthanized at birth (0d), weaning (21d), and market weight of approximately 130 kg (176d). At each sampling time, the LM, psoas major (PM), and semitendinosus (ST) muscles were weighed. Samples of the LM were used to quantify the expression of IGF family members, myogenic regulatory factors (MRF), myosin heavy chain isoforms, and growth factors, myostatin, and . Liver samples were used to quantify and expression. At 176d, weights of LM, PM, and ST muscles were all increased approximately 8% to 14% (P < 0.01) in @entity3 with paternal A (A(Pat)) alleles compared with those with paternal G (G(Pat)) alleles. Additionally, total muscle fiber number in the ST at 176d tended to be greater (P = 0.10), whereas muscle fiber cross-sectional area tended to be reduced ( P= 0.08) in A(Pat) @entity3 compared with G(Pat) @entity3 . In addition to the expected 2.7- to 4.5-fold increase (P  <= 0.02) in expression in the LM in A(Pat) compared with G(Pat) @entity3 at postnatal sampling times (21d and 176d), @entity4 expression was also increased (P  <= 0.06) 1.4- to 1.5-fold at d90 of gestation and at birth. At d90, expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), a MRF expressed in proliferating myoblasts, in the LM was greater (P = 0.01) in A (Pat) @entity3 than in G(Pat) @entity3 . Interestingly, at 21d hepatic expression was greater (P = 0.01), whereas expression decreased (P = 0.01) in A(Pat) @entity3 compared with G(Pat) @entity3 ; however, there were no differences (P >=  0.18) in hepatic expression between genotypes at 0d and 176d. These data suggest that prenatal @entity2 of muscle fibers stimulated by increased @entity4 expression may contribute to increased muscle mass of A(Pat) @entity3 .

title: Increased prenatal XXXX expression due to the porcine intron3- @entity5 mutation may be responsible for increased muscle mass.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A SNP ( @entity4 @entity5 ) within intron 3 of disrupts a binding site for the repressor @entity0 finger BED-type containing 6 ( @entity6 ), leading to increased carcass lean yields in @entity3 . However, the relative contributions of prenatal as opposed to postnatal increased @entity4 expression are unclear. As muscle fiber number is set at birth, prenatal and neonate skeletal muscle development is critical in determining mature growth potential. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the contributions of @entity2 and @entity1 to increased muscle mass and to delineate the effect of the mutation on the expression of myogenic genes during prenatal and postnatal growth. Sows ( @entity4 A/A) were bred to a single heterozygous ( @entity4 A/G) boar. For fetal samples, sows were euthanized at 60 and 90 d of gestation (d60 and d90) to obtain fetuses. Male and female offspring were also euthanized at birth (0d), weaning (21d), and market weight of approximately 130 kg (176d). At each sampling time, the LM, psoas major (PM), and semitendinosus (ST) muscles were weighed. Samples of the LM were used to quantify the expression of IGF family members, myogenic regulatory factors (MRF), myosin heavy chain isoforms, and growth factors, myostatin, and . Liver samples were used to quantify and expression. At 176d, weights of LM, PM, and ST muscles were all increased approximately 8% to 14% (P < 0.01) in @entity3 with paternal A (A(Pat)) alleles compared with those with paternal G (G(Pat)) alleles. Additionally, total muscle fiber number in the ST at 176d tended to be greater (P = 0.10), whereas muscle fiber cross-sectional area tended to be reduced ( P= 0.08) in A(Pat) @entity3 compared with G(Pat) @entity3 . In addition to the expected 2.7- to 4.5-fold increase (P  <= 0.02) in expression in the LM in A(Pat) compared with G(Pat) @entity3 at postnatal sampling times (21d and 176d), @entity4 expression was also increased (P  <= 0.06) 1.4- to 1.5-fold at d90 of gestation and at birth. At d90, expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), a MRF expressed in proliferating myoblasts, in the LM was greater (P = 0.01) in A (Pat) @entity3 than in G(Pat) @entity3 . Interestingly, at 21d hepatic expression was greater (P = 0.01), whereas expression decreased (P = 0.01) in A(Pat) @entity3 compared with G(Pat) @entity3 ; however, there were no differences (P >=  0.18) in hepatic expression between genotypes at 0d and 176d. These data suggest that prenatal @entity2 of muscle fibers stimulated by increased @entity4 expression may contribute to increased muscle mass of A(Pat) @entity3 .

title: Increased prenatal @entity4 expression due to the porcine intron3- XXXX mutation may be responsible for increased muscle mass.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Objectives were to investigate the effects of prolonged gestational and/or postnatal heat stress on performance and carcass composition of market weight @entity0 . Pregnant gilts were exposed to gestational heat stress (GHS, 28  C to 34  C, diurnal) or thermal neutral (18  C to 22  C, diurnal) conditions during the entire gestation or during the first or second half of gestation. At 14 wk of age (58    5 kg), barrows were housed in heat stress (32  C, @entity2 ) or thermal neutral (21  C, @entity1 ) conditions. Feed intake and BW were recorded weekly, and body temperature parameters were monitored twice weekly until slaughter (109    5 kg). Organs were removed and weighed, and loin eye area (LEA) and back fat thickness (BF) were measured after carcass chilling. Carcass sides were separated into lean, separable fat, bone, and skin components and were weighed. Moisture, lipid, and protein content were determined in the LM at the 10th rib. Data were analyzed using a split plot with random effect of dam nested within gestational treatment. Carcass measurements included HCW as a covariate to control for weight. Planned orthogonal contrast statements were used to evaluate the overall effect of GHS in the first half, second half, or any part of gestation. Gestational heat stress did not alter postnatal performance or most body temperature parameters (P > 0.10). However, ADFI in the finishing period was increased (P < 0.05) in response to GHS, particularly in @entity0 receiving GHS in the first half of gestation. Gestational heat stress during the first half of gestation decreased head weight as a percent of BW (P = 0.02), whereas GHS in the second half of gestation decreased bone weight as a percent of BW (P = 0.02). Heat stress reduced ADG, BW, and HCW (P < 0.0001). Lean tissue was increased in @entity2 @entity0 on both a weight and percentage basis (P < 0.0001), but LEA was similar to @entity1 carcasses (P = 0.38). Carcasses from @entity2 barrows also had less carcass separable fat (P < 0.01) and tended to have less BF (P = 0.06) compared with those from @entity3 , even after controlling for HCW. However, percent intramuscular fat did not differ between treatments (P = 0.48). The LM from @entity2 carcasses had a greater moisture to protein ratio (P = 0.04). @entity2 barrows also had decreased heart (P < 0.001) and kidney (P < 0.0001) as a percent of BW compared with @entity1 @entity0 . In summary, GHS may affect head and bone development, subsequently affecting carcass composition. Chronic @entity2 during finishing results in longer times to reach market weight and a leaner carcass once market weight is achieved.

title: Carcass composition of market weight XXXX subjected to heat stress in utero and during finishing.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is a common neonatal problem. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of @entity4 in reducing indirect @entity3 of @entity0 under phototherapy. METHODS: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on neonates with @entity2 , who had received phototherapy in the hospitals affiliated with the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2013. A total of 80 neonates were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into 2 groups. The intervention group (n = 0) with indirect @entity3 received 10 mg    kg(-1)    day(-1) divided every 12 hours Ursobil (capsule 300 mg) in addition to phototherapy, whereas the control group (n = 0) received only phototherapy. Total @entity1 levels were measured every 12 hours until reaching <10 mg/dL, and then phototherapy was disrupted. The duration of phototherapy was measured. The 2 groups were compared regarding total @entity1 levels at different time points and duration of phototherapy using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) test. RESULTS: The mean of total @entity1 in the intervention group was 12    1.6, 10    1.1, and 9.8    0.2 mg/dL 12, 24, and 48 hours after the beginning of phototherapy, respectively. On the contrary, these measures were 14.4    1.3, 12.5    1.4, and 10.1    1.1 mg/dL in the control group, respectively, (P < 0.05). The mean time required for phototherapy to decrease the @entity1 level to < 10 mg/dL was 15.5    6 and 44.6    13.3 hours in the case and the control group, respectively, (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 had additive effect with phototherapy in neonates with indirect @entity3 . This drug also reduced the time period needed for phototherapy and, consequently, decreased the hospitalization period.

title: Effect of @entity4 on Indirect XXXX in Neonates Treated With Phototherapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is a common neonatal problem. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of @entity4 in reducing indirect @entity3 of @entity0 under phototherapy. METHODS: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on neonates with @entity2 , who had received phototherapy in the hospitals affiliated with the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2013. A total of 80 neonates were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into 2 groups. The intervention group (n = 0) with indirect @entity3 received 10 mg    kg(-1)    day(-1) divided every 12 hours Ursobil (capsule 300 mg) in addition to phototherapy, whereas the control group (n = 0) received only phototherapy. Total @entity1 levels were measured every 12 hours until reaching <10 mg/dL, and then phototherapy was disrupted. The duration of phototherapy was measured. The 2 groups were compared regarding total @entity1 levels at different time points and duration of phototherapy using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) test. RESULTS: The mean of total @entity1 in the intervention group was 12    1.6, 10    1.1, and 9.8    0.2 mg/dL 12, 24, and 48 hours after the beginning of phototherapy, respectively. On the contrary, these measures were 14.4    1.3, 12.5    1.4, and 10.1    1.1 mg/dL in the control group, respectively, (P < 0.05). The mean time required for phototherapy to decrease the @entity1 level to < 10 mg/dL was 15.5    6 and 44.6    13.3 hours in the case and the control group, respectively, (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 had additive effect with phototherapy in neonates with indirect @entity3 . This drug also reduced the time period needed for phototherapy and, consequently, decreased the hospitalization period.

title: Effect of XXXX on Indirect @entity3 in Neonates Treated With Phototherapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To describe the type and frequency of cutaneous manifestations of @entity3 . METHODS: Observational, descriptive study. We included @entity0 over 16 years of age, with confirmed diagnosis of @entity3 from the Hematology and Dermatology Departments of the outpatient clinic and from in- @entity0 . @entity0 with bone marrow transplantation were excluded. A complete history and physical examination of the skin and appendages was performed, with biopsy and cultures if required. The cutaneous manifestations were classified as infection or drug-related, @entity5 , associated @entity1 to @entity3 and non-specific lesions. Descriptive statistics was employed. RESULTS: We included 142 @entity0 (62 females, 80 males) with the following diagnoses: @entity6 (n=36), @entity2 (n=52), @entity4 (n=21), chronic @entity3 (n=30) and @entity7 (n=3). 42% of @entity0 (n=60) presented some dermatoses. There were 36 non-specific dermatoses, 21 drug-related, 20 infectious, 3 infiltrative and none associated. CONCLUSIONS: Cutaneous manifestations directly related to @entity3 are frequent, being the non-specific ones, the most commonly observed. However, a thorough dermatologic examination is important in these @entity0 as part of an overall evaluation.

title: [Cutaneous manifestations of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 is an @entity1 that comprises facial and @entity2 . Hereby, the authors report 2 cases of @entity3 and surgical method of their management. First case was a @entity0 who was result of twin delivery whose sibling was completely normal. Second case was a @entity0 who was the first @entity0 of her family. Both were born to a consanguineous marriage. Both had developed characteristic facial expressions of @entity3 between 18 and 24 months of age. They had Botulinum toxin A injection (twice in the first and ones in the second case) with no improvement. Both were referred because of being functionally blind due to inability to open the eyelids around age 3.5 years. Orbicularis oculi myectomy, partial corrugator muscle excision, levator tucking, and lateral tarsal strip procedure was performed on both cases. No complication and no recurrence of eyelid contraction were observed after 4 years and 6 months follow up in the first and second case, respectively.

title: Treatment of Blepharospasm in XXXX : Botulinum Toxin A Injection or Surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The inclusion of genetic groups in sire evaluation has been widely used to represent genetic differences among animals not accounted for by the absence of parentage data. However, the definition of these groups is still arbitrary, and studies assessing the effects of genetic grouping strategies on the selection efficiency are rare. Therefore, the aim in this study was to compare genetic grouping strategies for animals with unknown parentage in prediction of breeding values (EBV). The total of 179,302 records of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), 29,825 records of scrotal circumference (SC), and 70,302 records of muscling score (MUSC) from Montana Tropical animals, a Brazilian composite beef @entity0 population, were used. Genetic grouping strategies involving year of birth, sex of the unknown parent, birth farm, breed composition, and their combinations were evaluated. Estimated breeding values were predicted for each approach simulating a loss of genealogy data. Thereafter, these EBV were compared to those obtained in an analysis involving a real relationship matrix to estimate selection efficiency and correlations between EBV and animal rankings. The analysis model included the fixed effects of contemporary groups and class of the dam age at calving, the covariates of additive and nonadditive genetic effects, and age, and the additive genetic effect of animal as random effects. A second model also included the fixed effects of genetic group. The use of genetic groups resulted in means of selection efficiency and correlation of 70.4 to 97.1% and 0.51 to 0.94 for @entity1 , 85.8 to 98.8% and 0.82 to 0.98 for SC, and 85.1 to 98.6% and 0.74 to 0.97 for MUSC, respectively. High selection efficiencies were observed for year of birth and breed composition strategies. The maximum absolute difference in annual genetic gain estimated through the use of complete genealogy and genetic groups were 0.38 kg for @entity1 , 0.02 cm for SC, and 0.01 for MUSC, with lower differences obtained when year of birth was adopted as a genetic group criterion. Grouping strategy must consider selection decisions and the number of genetic groups formed, in the way that genetic groups represent the genetic differences in population and allow an adequate prediction of EBV.

title: Genetic grouping strategies in selection efficiency of composite beef XXXX ( * ).

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of @entity3 dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and fibrolytic enzymes (FE) on ruminal fermentation, in situ ruminal and in vivo total tract digestibility, growth performance, and feeding behavior of growing beef @entity0 . In Exp. 1, 6 ruminally cannulated Angus heifers (average BW of 794    44.2 kg) were used in a 6 * 6 Latin square design with 2 * 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were a control diet consisting of 50% @entity1 silage, 10% grass hay, and 40% @entity1 grain-based concentrate (CON) and the CON with 15% DDGS substituted for @entity1 grain (WDG) combined with either 0, 1, or 2 mL FE/kg diet @entity4 , respectively. Inclusion of DDGS increased total tract digestibility of @entity2 ( < 0.01), NDF ( = 0.04), and ADF ( = 0.03). Increasing FE linearly ( = 0.03) increased @entity2 digestibility without affecting the digestibility of other nutrients. There were no effects of DDGS inclusion or FE on ruminal pH or VFA concentration except that @entity5 was greater ( = 0.04) with the WDG. In situ ruminal @entity4 and NDF disappearance of @entity1 silage was greater ( < 0.04) in heifers fed the WDG than in heifers fed the CON after 24 h of incubation. Increasing FE linearly ( = 0.03) increased in situ NDF disappearance of @entity1 silage after 24 h of incubation. In Exp. 2, 120 weaned steers (initial BW of 289    11.0 kg) were fed diets similar to those in Exp. 1. The steers fed the WDG had greater ( < 0.01) final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F compared with steers fed the CON. Increasing FE did not alter ADG or G:F but tended ( < 0.07) to linearly decrease DMI. There were interactions ( < 0.02) between DDGS and FE on eating rate and the time spent at the feed bunk. Supplementing FE decreased ( < 0.01) time at the bunk and increased ( < 0.01) eating rate for steers fed the WDG but not for steers fed the CON. Eating rate ( < 0.01) and meal frequency ( = 0.02) were greater but eating duration was shorter ( < 0.01) for steers fed the WDG than for those fed the CON. These results indicate that inclusion of @entity3 DDGS in a growing diet increased total tract digestibility of NDF and @entity2 and improved the feed efficiency of steers. Moreover, supplementation of FE in @entity1 silage-based growing diets may also have the potential to increase profits, with the evidence of the trend for a decline on @entity6 without decreasing ADG when adding FE.

title: Effect of @entity3 dried distillers grains with solubles and fibrolytic enzymes on ruminal fermentation, digestibility, growth performance, and feeding behavior of beef XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of @entity3 dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and fibrolytic enzymes (FE) on ruminal fermentation, in situ ruminal and in vivo total tract digestibility, growth performance, and feeding behavior of growing beef @entity0 . In Exp. 1, 6 ruminally cannulated Angus heifers (average BW of 794    44.2 kg) were used in a 6 * 6 Latin square design with 2 * 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were a control diet consisting of 50% @entity1 silage, 10% grass hay, and 40% @entity1 grain-based concentrate (CON) and the CON with 15% DDGS substituted for @entity1 grain (WDG) combined with either 0, 1, or 2 mL FE/kg diet @entity4 , respectively. Inclusion of DDGS increased total tract digestibility of @entity2 ( < 0.01), NDF ( = 0.04), and ADF ( = 0.03). Increasing FE linearly ( = 0.03) increased @entity2 digestibility without affecting the digestibility of other nutrients. There were no effects of DDGS inclusion or FE on ruminal pH or VFA concentration except that @entity5 was greater ( = 0.04) with the WDG. In situ ruminal @entity4 and NDF disappearance of @entity1 silage was greater ( < 0.04) in heifers fed the WDG than in heifers fed the CON after 24 h of incubation. Increasing FE linearly ( = 0.03) increased in situ NDF disappearance of @entity1 silage after 24 h of incubation. In Exp. 2, 120 weaned steers (initial BW of 289    11.0 kg) were fed diets similar to those in Exp. 1. The steers fed the WDG had greater ( < 0.01) final BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F compared with steers fed the CON. Increasing FE did not alter ADG or G:F but tended ( < 0.07) to linearly decrease DMI. There were interactions ( < 0.02) between DDGS and FE on eating rate and the time spent at the feed bunk. Supplementing FE decreased ( < 0.01) time at the bunk and increased ( < 0.01) eating rate for steers fed the WDG but not for steers fed the CON. Eating rate ( < 0.01) and meal frequency ( = 0.02) were greater but eating duration was shorter ( < 0.01) for steers fed the WDG than for those fed the CON. These results indicate that inclusion of @entity3 DDGS in a growing diet increased total tract digestibility of NDF and @entity2 and improved the feed efficiency of steers. Moreover, supplementation of FE in @entity1 silage-based growing diets may also have the potential to increase profits, with the evidence of the trend for a decline on @entity6 without decreasing ADG when adding FE.

title: Effect of XXXX dried distillers grains with solubles and fibrolytic enzymes on ruminal fermentation, digestibility, growth performance, and feeding behavior of beef @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Programmed cell death (apoptosis) characteristically affects the single cells of blastocysts whereas @entity0 affects cluster of cells in both the inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm (TE). This study uses the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) mediated @entity2 nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay as a way of evaluating the proportion of apoptotic cells and, thus, @entity1 blastocyst quality during in vitro culture at Days 6,7, and 8. Furthermore, parthenogenetic blastocysts were compared to in vitro fertilized blastocysts at Day 7. Confocal microscopy was used to generate three-dimensional reconstructions of the blastocysts. Apoptosis was observed in both early (Day 6) and late (Day 8) developing blastocysts. The dead cell index (DCI, total number of apoptotic nuclei/total number of nuclei) tend to increase as the in vitro culture time increases, and apoptosis is proportionately higher in the ICM than in the TE. The ratio of ICM to TE cells remains relatively constant even as the blastocysts cell number increases (Day 6 = 11.9 +/- 2.2, Day 7 = 11.2 +/- 0.5, Day 8 = 11.7 +/- 0.4). The overall cell number is significantly reduced in parthenogenetic blastocysts compared to Day 7 in vitro produced blastocysts (P = 0.037). The parthenogenetic blastocysts also show an increase of apoptosis over Day 7 controls. The decrease in cell number in the parthenogenetic blastocysts may be due to the increase of apoptotic nuclei observed. Based on these results we found the TUNEL assay to be a useful method for evaluating in vitro culture conditions of pre-implantation @entity1 embryos.

title: Analysis of DNA fragmentation of in vitro cultured XXXX blastocysts using TUNEL.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) transmission foci need to be characterized in space and time, and are often discontinuous on both scales. An active @entity4 focus is dependent on the fulfillment of three conditions: tick survival, pathogen survival and opportunities for @entity0 exposure. The essentials for tick survival include food sources, reproduction, and protection from environmental extremes. The pathogen survival kit includes sufficient densities of ticks and suitable reservoir hosts, and opportunities for transmission between them in order to maintain @entity1 . Opportunities for @entity0 exposure depend on sufficient number of encounters between ticks and @entity0 . Because tick foci need to be described on a range of spatial and temporal resolutions, data for such characterization include a variety of surveillance data, field and laboratory experimental data, as well as results of statistical and mathematical analysis and modeling. The application of new tools from molecular biology, geographic information systems (GIS), and satellite imagery, in conjunction with appropriate analytical methods allow for detection of unknown foci and prediction of new ones. A long-term multi-scale study of @entity3 and @entity2 in the north-central U. S. is reviewed. Diverse surveillance methods of ticks, rodents, deer, canids and @entity0 were coupled with environmental characterization in situ to create a habitat profile for @entity2 ticks. Incorporating various digitized databases, a statistical model was used to develop a risk map for tick distribution in the region. The process of introduction and establishment of new tick foci along the Illinois River is described in relation to the known tick distribution and predictions of invasion based on the risk model.

title: Detection, characterization, and prediction of XXXX foci.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The purpose of this study was to measure, in a population of experienced state-certified paramedics, the decline of Pediatric @entity1 (PALS) course concepts during the 2-year recertification cycle recommended by the American Heart Association. The PALS course contains a written examination designed to measure understanding of course concepts. To successfully complete the course, a PALS course @entity0 must achieve a minimum grade of 84% on this test. In our study, 99 experienced PALS-certified @entity1 ( @entity1 ) providers completed a 70-question written test. Nested within this test were all of the PALS examination questions that the @entity0 had previously passed to complete the PALS course. Each @entity0 's PALS test questions were extracted and scored to obtain a "retest score" that measured retention of PALS course principles. These 99 dual-trained paramedic/firefighters comprised more than 90% of the staff of a countywide EMS system averaging 60,000 calls per year. Study @entity0 averaged 10 years of @entity1 experience, and 3-4 @entity2 @entity0 calls per month. In this study, " @entity2 @entity0 " was defined as an individual 18 years of age or less. Results revealed that 25 (25%) of the 99 providers achieved a minimum passing score of 84% or greater on the PALS retest. Another 40 (40%) scored within one standard deviation below the minimum passing score. Retest score was unaffected by years of @entity1 experience, number of @entity2 @entity0 seen per month, or by PALS Instructor status. The average retest score was 16 points lower than the original test score. The original test score did not reliably predict a passing grade on the retest. We conclude that the average decline of PALS course principles is such that a 2-year retraining schedule is appropriate for prehospital personnel caring for an average of three to four @entity2 @entity0 per month.

title: Retention of Pediatric XXXX (PALS) course concepts.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gene expression of @entity4 E, @entity5 ) and CDK inhibitor ( @entity7 ) @entity2 during cell cycle of the @entity0 lens epithelial cell (HLEC) for elucidating the molecular mechanism of proliferation of HLEC and the formation of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: HLE-B3 cell line was cultured in vitro under MEM medium with 15% fetal bovine serum. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) system. The cell cycle was synchronized by double @entity3 block method. The mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The total RNA was separated from cells at different phases. Protein expression was detected with immunohistochemistry or western blotting method. The primary antibodies were rabbit anti-human @entity4 E polyclonal antibody, mouse anti-human @entity2 and @entity5 monoclonal antibody, respectively. RESULTS: FCM showed that G(1) phase was about 33.5%, S phase cells about 46.1%, and the G(2) phase about @entity1 %, total cells in G(2) and S phase were over 60%. It was suggested that HLE- B3 cells have relatively more capacity of mitosis than normal LEC. The mRNA expression of @entity5 was found at all phases of cell cycle during synchronization, but @entity4 E mRNA only expressed during synchronized cells, and not expressed in non-synchronized cells. Only Sphase cells could express very low @entity2 mRNA. There was no any positive signal of @entity4 E by immunohistochemistry or western blot. @entity5 protein detected by Western blot expressed at all phases. The @entity2 protein was expressed in a few cells by immunohistochemistry, but @entity2 could not detected by western blotting. These results showed @entity4 E and @entity5 were higher expressed than @entity2 in transcriptional level and translational level. CONCLUSIONS: There is mRNA expression of @entity4 E, @entity5 and @entity2 during the cell cycle in HLE-B3 cell line, but it means the imbalance of the association of @entity7 . These results suggest that the imbalance expression of @entity4 , CDK and @entity2 be the molecular mechanism of @entity6 .

title: [Detection of cell cycle related gene expression in cultured immortalized XXXX lens epithelial cell].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The appropriate @entity0 selection for adjuvant radiotherapy after primary surgical therapy of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is unclear. Four thousand thirteen @entity0 diagnosed from 1988-1995 in 9 registry areas of the Survival, Epidemiology, and End Results program who received primary surgical therapy for pathologic stage T1-3 N1/2 M0 @entity3 were identified. County-level and @entity0 -specific variables associated with the use of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) were studied by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Prognostic factors for cause-specific survival (CSS) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were determined by Cox multivariate analysis. Overall, 58% of node-positive @entity0 received PORT. Use of PORT was independently associated with younger age, more @entity5 , no prior @entity1 , less extensive surgery than pneumonectomy, and @entity0 residence close to a radiotherapy facility. In multivariate analysis of the entire node-positive population, there were no differences in @entity4 or CSS with the use of PORT. In the @entity0 with N2 disease, PORT was associated with improved @entity4 (5-year @entity2 , 22% with PORT; P = 0.001) and CSS (5-year CSS: 25% without PORT, 30% with PORT; P = 0.02). Additionally, @entity0 with = 4 nodes involved also had an improved survival in association with PORT (5-year @entity4 : 11% without PORT, 18% with PORT; P = 0.001; 5-year CSS: 17% without PORT, 25% with PORT; P = 0.009). Therefore, recognizing the inherent limitations of a retrospective, registry-based analysis, @entity0 with more @entity5 appear to have an improved survival with the use of PORT.

title: Use of postoperative radiotherapy for node-positive XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and @entity7 ( @entity8 ), the prognosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity0 remains dismal. Normally prescribed with the aim to lower blood pressure, @entity6 ( @entity6 ) inhibitors were reported to reduce angiogenesis and @entity1 growth in @entity1 models including one @entity2 . Thus whether treatment with @entity6 inhibitors could be associated with a better clinical outcome in @entity4 @entity0 was investigated. METHODS: A series of 81 consecutive @entity0 , homogeneously treated with RT and @entity8 for a newly diagnosed, supratentorial @entity4 , were analysed. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and @entity6 receptor 1 blockers (ARBs) on functional independence, progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESULTS: Amongst the 81 @entity4 @entity0 analysed, 26 were already treated for @entity3 (seven with ACEIs and 19 with ARBs). The number of @entity0 who remained functionally independent at 6  months after RT was higher in the group of @entity0 treated with @entity6 inhibitors compared to the other @entity0 (85% vs. 56%, P  =  0.01). In @entity0 treated with @entity6 inhibitors, PFS was 8.7  months (vs. 7.2  months in the other @entity0 ) and @entity5 was 16.7  months (vs. 12.9  months). The use of @entity6 inhibitors was a significant prognostic factor for both PFS (P  =  0.04) and @entity5 (P  =  0.04) in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Treatment with @entity6 inhibitors in combination with RT and @entity8 might improve clinical outcome in GBMs. Prospective trials are needed to test this hypothesis.

title: Impact of renin-angiotensin system blockade on clinical outcome in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The C gamma and C alpha isoforms of the @entity1 -dependent protein kinase (PKA) share 83% identity including all critical catalytic and substrate-binding residues defined to date. Compared to C alpha, C gamma has a different substrate specificity and a selective pseudosubstrate specificity, exhibiting inhibition by regulatory subunits, but not by the protein kinase inhibitor. In these studies, C gamma-mediated gene transcription regulation was compared with that of C alpha in four cell lines using transient transfection/dual luciferase assays. As compared to C gamma, C alpha more efficiently activated a @entity1 -response element (CRE)-regulated fragment of the @entity0 alpha-glycoprotein hormone promoter which was coupled to a firefly luciferase reporter gene (pGH alpha-fluc). This occurred in Cos7, Y1, and Kin8 adrenal cells by 23-, 6.5-, and 1.4-fold, respectively. In contrast, C gamma, but not C alpha, activated the Sp1RE-regulated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter which was coupled to a Renilla luciferase reporter ( @entity5 -rluc). In @entity3 -deficient Sf9 cells, pGH alpha-fluc expression was maintained for both isoforms, but cotransfection with an @entity3 expression plasmid was necessary and sufficient for activation of @entity5 -rluc expression by C gamma. In all cell lines, cotransfection with a @entity4 expression plasmid enhanced the transcriptional activation of both C alpha and C gamma (1.5- to 3-fold), while a catalytically inactive @entity4 mutant (PDK. @entity2 ) did not. These results suggest that both C alpha and C gamma can activate CRE-responsive genes; however, C alpha does so with better efficiency than C gamma. In contrast to C alpha, C gamma activates transcription of genes containing @entity5 -like Sp1RE sites. Activation of different C subunit isoforms can provide a means to diversify @entity1 -mediated transcription, possibly affecting cell phenotype.

title: Differential transcriptional regulation by the alpha- and gamma-catalytic subunit isoforms of XXXX -dependent protein kinase.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite recent interest in peer support workers in recovery-oriented services, little is known about how helping behaviors may affect recovery from severe @entity3 outside of formal peer support roles. The current study is a mixed-methods approach to understanding naturalistic helping behaviors and their relationship with recovery outcomes among @entity0 with serious @entity3 . METHODS: Forty-six @entity0 with @entity2 -spectrum disorders completed a narrative interview and standardized measures of recovery, symptoms, hope, @entity0 activation, quality of life, medication adherence, insight, and illness management. Interviews were coded using emergent, thematic analysis. The study compared individuals who (unprompted) mentioned helping behaviors in their interview to those who did not on recovery-related outcomes. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity0 narratives (35%) described self-initiated helping behaviors. Themes included a desire to tell others their story, teach others recovery-promoting skills, become a peer support worker, give back to society, and be more active family members. Those who discussed helping others in narrative interviews scored significantly higher on measures of recovery, illness management, @entity0 activation, hope, quality of life, medication adherence, and insight and scored significantly lower on measures of overall symptoms, as well as negative, positive, and @entity1 , than did those who did not discuss helping behaviors. The groups did not differ on hostility or emotional discomfort symptoms. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Findings indicate associations between helping others and improved scores on measures of recovery outcomes. Potential implications include focusing on meaningful work/volunteerism and expanding roles for peer support in recovery-oriented services. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Self-Initiated Helping Behaviors and Recovery in Severe XXXX : Implications for Work, Volunteerism, and Peer Support.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Two @entity0 with biopsy-proven @entity2 exhibited complete resolution after treatment with topical Interferon Alfa-2b (IFNalpha2b). DESIGN: Interventional case reports. METHODS: Two @entity0 with monocular biopsy-confirmed @entity2 were treated with IFNalpha2b, 1 million units/cc, one drop four times daily until clinical resolution was achieved. RESULTS: ( @entity0 1) The lesion's size was significantly reduced at 1 month. Complete resolution was noted at the 3-month visit. No recurrences were seen 40 months post-treatment. ( @entity0 2) The lesion completely resolved after 6 weeks of treatment. No recurrence has occurred 18 months post-treatment. No systemic or local side effect of treatment was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Two sizable @entity2 resolved using topical IFNalpha2b alone. Interferon is usually not considered effective for large solid @entity1 without surgical debulking. We realize that this is a limited case series, but these cases may serve as a basis for further investigation.

title: Treatment of XXXX with topical interferon Alfa-2b.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy and safety of laparoscopicnephrectomy (LN) versusopen nephrectomy (ON) in the management of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic search of the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library was performed up to October 2014.This systematic review was performed based on observational comparative studies that assessed the two techniques. The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and risk ratio (RR), with their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), were calculated to compare continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. RESULTS: Seven studies were identified, including 195 cases (118 LN / 77 ON). Although LN was associated with longer operative time ( @entity3 30.236, 95%CI 14.541 -45.932, P<0.001) and the specimen might not have been resected as heavy as the ON group ( @entity3 -986.516, 95%CI -1883.24--89.795, P = 0.031), @entity0 in this group might benefit from a shorter length of hospital stay ( @entity3 -3.576, 95%CI 4.976--2.176, P <0.001), less estimated @entity2 ( @entity3 -180.245, 95%CI -317.939--42.556, P = 0.010), and lower need of transfusion (RR 0.345, 95%CI 0.183-0.650, P = 0.001). The LN group also had less overall complications (RR 0.545, 95%CI 0.329-0.903, P = 0.018). The need of narcotic analgesics between the two groups might have no significant difference ( @entity3 -54.66, 95%CI -129.76-20.44, P = 0.154). CONCLUSION: LN for giant symptomatic @entity1 was feasible, safe and efficacious. Morbidity was significantly reduced compared with the open approach. For an experienced laparoscopist, LN might be a better alternative.

title: Laparoscopic Nephrectomy versus Open Nephrectomy for @entity0 with XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy and safety of laparoscopicnephrectomy (LN) versusopen nephrectomy (ON) in the management of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic search of the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library was performed up to October 2014.This systematic review was performed based on observational comparative studies that assessed the two techniques. The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and risk ratio (RR), with their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), were calculated to compare continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. RESULTS: Seven studies were identified, including 195 cases (118 LN / 77 ON). Although LN was associated with longer operative time ( @entity3 30.236, 95%CI 14.541 -45.932, P<0.001) and the specimen might not have been resected as heavy as the ON group ( @entity3 -986.516, 95%CI -1883.24--89.795, P = 0.031), @entity0 in this group might benefit from a shorter length of hospital stay ( @entity3 -3.576, 95%CI 4.976--2.176, P <0.001), less estimated @entity2 ( @entity3 -180.245, 95%CI -317.939--42.556, P = 0.010), and lower need of transfusion (RR 0.345, 95%CI 0.183-0.650, P = 0.001). The LN group also had less overall complications (RR 0.545, 95%CI 0.329-0.903, P = 0.018). The need of narcotic analgesics between the two groups might have no significant difference ( @entity3 -54.66, 95%CI -129.76-20.44, P = 0.154). CONCLUSION: LN for giant symptomatic @entity1 was feasible, safe and efficacious. Morbidity was significantly reduced compared with the open approach. For an experienced laparoscopist, LN might be a better alternative.

title: Laparoscopic Nephrectomy versus Open Nephrectomy for XXXX with @entity1 : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). In @entity1 , naive T cells ( @entity8 ) cause more severe @entity5 than memory T cells (TM). We hypothesized that selective depletion of @entity8 from @entity0 allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts would reduce @entity5 and provide sufficient numbers of hematopoietic stem cells and TM to permit hematopoietic engraftment and the transfer of pathogen-specific T cells from donor to recipient, respectively. METHODS: In a single-arm clinical trial, we transplanted 35 @entity0 with @entity4 with @entity8 -depleted PBSC grafts following conditioning with total body irradiation, @entity9 , and @entity7 . @entity5 prophylactic management was with @entity3 immunosuppression alone. Subjects received @entity6 -selected PBSCs and a defined dose of TM purged of CD45RA+ @entity8 . Primary and secondary objectives included engraftment, acute and @entity5 , and immune reconstitution. RESULTS: All recipients of @entity8 -depleted PBSCs engrafted. The incidence of acute @entity5 was not reduced; however, @entity5 in these @entity0 was universally corticosteroid responsive. @entity5 was remarkably infrequent (9%; median follow-up 932 days) compared with historical rates of approximately 50% with T cell-replete grafts. TM in the graft resulted in rapid T cell recovery and transfer of protective virus-specific immunity. Excessive rates of @entity2 or relapse did not occur and overall survival was 78% at 2 years. CONCLUSION: Depletion of @entity8 from stem cell allografts reduces the incidence of @entity5 , while preserving the transfer of functional T cell memory. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 00914940).

title: Outcomes of acute leukemia XXXX transplanted with naive T cell-depleted stem cell grafts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In this paper, we apply the three-dimensional (3-D) active contour model to a 3-D ultrasonic data file for segmenting of the @entity0 . The 3-D ultrasonic file is composed of a series of two-dimensional (2-D) images. Most of traditional techniques of 2-D image segmentation will not use the information between adjacent images. To suit the property of the 3-D data, we introduce the concept of the 3-D stick, the 3-D morphologic process and the 3-D active contour model. The 3-D stick can get over the problem that the ultrasonic image is full of speckle noise and highlight the edge information in images. The 3-D morphologic process helps to determine the contour of the @entity1 and the resulting contour can be regarded as the initial contour of the active contour model. Finally, the 3-D active contour model will make the initial contour approach to the real contour of the @entity1 . However, there is emphasis on these 3-D techniques that they do not consist of a series of 2-D techniques. When they work, they will consider the horizontal, vertical and depth directions at the same time. The use of these 3-D techniques not only segments the 3-D shape but also obtains the volume of the @entity1 . The volume of the @entity1 calculated by the proposed method will be compared with the volume calculated by the VOCAL software with the physician's manually drawn shape and it shows that the performance of our method is satisfactory.

title: Segmentation of XXXX in three-dimensional ultrasound images using three-dimensional discrete active contour model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In @entity1 ( @entity1 ), the acknowledged sex-determining system is genetic sex determination (GSD) with female homogamety (female symbolXX-male symbolXY). Subsequently, mitotic gynogens are all expected to be females. Unexpected @entity0 was fortuitously observed in a mitotic gynogenetic family of @entity1 (13 males out of 27). An equal ratio of males and females suggested the possible segregation of some Mendelian sex-influencing factor. In order to perform a comprehensive analysis of the inheritance and expression of the factor involved, the transmission of @entity0 was studied across the next three generations, using both conventional and/or meiotic and mitotic gynogenetic offspring. On the whole, males as well as intersexes were observed in crosses between two expected carrier parents, and in gynogenetic offspring of expected carrier females, but not in crosses between one expected carrier parent and one normal XX control. Sex ratios in the different crosses often fitted Mendelian proportions, but not always. Both excess and lack of @entity0 were observed. The simplest hypothesis consistent with most results is a one-locus model, assuming the existence of a mutation (termed mal) of a sex-determining gene, which is able to override the primary XX mechanism of sex determination and to induce the development of testicular tissue in the gonads of expected XX individuals. The one-locus model requires that the mal mutation usually, but not systematically, behave as a recessive mutation and have a limited penetrance, that is, heterozygous (mal/+) may be sex reversed, homozygous (mal/mal) may remain female, and carrier individuals may undergo partial masculinization alone (many intersexes were recorded). Inconsistency in sex ratios among offspring of parents expected to respond the same way was recorded, indicating that other modifier loci may also be involved. Finally, the occurrence of both males and females in clonal progenies showed that epigenetic factors also likely influence the expression of @entity0 . The effects of the mal mutation are compared to similar mutations recently described in other fish species. The nature and location of the mal gene (carried by heterochromosomes or an autosomal pair) is briefly discussed in view of the knowledge recently acquired on the subject.

title: Mutation in a sex-determining gene in XXXX : detection and genetic analysis.

answer: @entity1