abstract: BACKGROUND: This paper compares the use of general and local anaesthetic in @entity0 having deep brain stimulator (DBS) surgery. It is a retrospective case note study of 46 @entity0 treated consecutively with subthalamic nucleus stimulation for @entity1 as practise changed in a Neurosurgical unit. METHODS: The first 20 @entity0 (LA group) had permanent electrodes placed under local anaesthesia. The remaining 26 @entity0 (GA group) had the entire procedure under general anaesthesia. The groups were similar for age, sex, duration of @entity1 and preoperative levodopa requirement. RESULTS: The clinical results were similar in that within each group, the reduction in levodopa was not only clinically but also statistically significant (p   <   0.001 for both, paired t test): for the LA group, the 6-month requirement was 39.4% (29.5-52.6%) of the preoperative requirement and for the GA group, the 6-month requirement was 32.3% (25.2-41.5%) of the preoperative requirement. The reduction in levodopa was maintained at 1  year. Of note, duration of surgery and length of stay were reduced. The mean duration of surgery was 8.2  h (7.8-8.6) for the LA group and 7.5  h (7.2-7.8) for the GA group (p   =   0.003). The geometric mean of length of hospital stay was 5.4  days(4.6-6.3) for the LA group and 3.8  days (3.4-4.4) for the GA group (p   =   0.001) There was no difference in electrophysiological recording. CONCLUSION: This study describes benefits in the GA group for the entire procedure of STN DBS. In these samples, there was no difference in the adverse effects seen in @entity0 undergoing deep brain stimulator insertion with general anaesthetic compared with local anaesthetic. The use of general anaesthetic did not detract from the known benefits of surgery.

title: General anaesthesia for deep brain stimulator electrode insertion in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The value of ambulatory ST-segment monitoring in the detection of underlying @entity2 was investigated in one hundred consecutive @entity0 who underwent exercise testing and coronary arteriography for @entity4 . Forty-seven also had thallium-201 radioisotope imaging performed. Six of the 26 @entity0 with normal coronary arteries and 52 of the 74 @entity0 with significant @entity2 had ST-segment changes during 48 h of ambulatory monitoring (sensitivity 77%). In comparison, the sensitivity of conventional exercise testing was 73% and specificity was 81%. Previous @entity3 did not influence the results, but @entity0 with poor left ventricular function more often had absence of ambulatory ST-segment changes. @entity2 was detected more efficiently (sensitivity 80%), compared with @entity1 (sensitivity 50%). Thallium scintigraphy demonstrated defects of uptake in nine @entity0 without ambulatory ST-segment changes (sensitivity 82%, specificity 71%). The majority of these @entity0 had small inferior or posterior defects in thallium uptake. Only one @entity0 with ambulatory ST-segment changes had normal coronary arteries and demonstrable @entity5 . Thus, ambulatory ST-segment monitoring is as valuable as stress testing in the detection of @entity2 and in addition helps detect @entity0 with @entity6 and normal coronary arteries.

title: The role of ambulatory ST-segment monitoring in the diagnosis of XXXX : comparison with exercise testing and thallium scintigraphy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Many pluripotent @entity1 ( @entity1 ) cell lines and all embryonic stem (ES) cell lines have hitherto been maintained in the undifferentiated state only by culture on feeder layers of @entity2 -treated embryonic fibroblasts. We now demonstrate that medium conditioned by incubation with @entity0 liver (BRL) cells prevents the spontaneous differentiation of such cells which occurs when they are plated in the absence of feeders. This effect is not mediated via cell selection but represents a fully reversible inhibitory action ascribed to a @entity4 ( @entity4 ). BRL-conditioned medium can therefore replace feeders in the propagation of homogeneous stem cell populations. Such medium also restricts differentiation in embryoid bodies formed via aggregation of @entity1 cells and partially inhibits @entity3 -induced differentiation. The PSA4 @entity1 line gives rise only to extraembryonic endoderm-like cells when aggregated or exposed to @entity3 in BRL-conditioned medium. This suggests that @entity4 may be lineage-specific. @entity4 is a dialysable, acid-stable entity of apparent molecular weight 20,000-35,000. Its actions are reproduced neither by insulin-like growth factor-II nor by transforming growth factor-beta. @entity4 thus appears to be a novel factor exerting a negative control over embryonic stem cell differentiation.

title: @entity0 liver cells produce a diffusible activity which inhibits the differentiation of murine XXXX and embryonic stem cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Many pluripotent @entity1 ( @entity1 ) cell lines and all embryonic stem (ES) cell lines have hitherto been maintained in the undifferentiated state only by culture on feeder layers of @entity2 -treated embryonic fibroblasts. We now demonstrate that medium conditioned by incubation with @entity0 liver (BRL) cells prevents the spontaneous differentiation of such cells which occurs when they are plated in the absence of feeders. This effect is not mediated via cell selection but represents a fully reversible inhibitory action ascribed to a @entity4 ( @entity4 ). BRL-conditioned medium can therefore replace feeders in the propagation of homogeneous stem cell populations. Such medium also restricts differentiation in embryoid bodies formed via aggregation of @entity1 cells and partially inhibits @entity3 -induced differentiation. The PSA4 @entity1 line gives rise only to extraembryonic endoderm-like cells when aggregated or exposed to @entity3 in BRL-conditioned medium. This suggests that @entity4 may be lineage-specific. @entity4 is a dialysable, acid-stable entity of apparent molecular weight 20,000-35,000. Its actions are reproduced neither by insulin-like growth factor-II nor by transforming growth factor-beta. @entity4 thus appears to be a novel factor exerting a negative control over embryonic stem cell differentiation.

title: XXXX liver cells produce a diffusible activity which inhibits the differentiation of murine @entity1 and embryonic stem cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The value of palpation findings and mammography in 596 @entity1 with primary @entity0 was investigated. The most frequent symptom (86.1%) was the lump. The primary tentative diagnosis came from the @entity1 in 63.4% of the cases, from the physician in 28.9% of the cases, and only after mammography in 7.7% of the cases. False-negative palpation findings and false-negative mammography findings were observed in 9.9% and 5.0% of cases respectively. There was a clear dependence on the @entity3 stage. @entity4 that were first diagnosed by means of mammography manifested a five-year survival rate of 82.6% and a recurrence rate of 15.2%. @entity4 that were first discovered by the @entity1 or the physician reached a five-year survival rate of 67.7% and 70.6% respectively. Here, too, the recurrence rate was higher, at 26.2% and 22.1% respectively. The data show that the @entity4 that were first suspected mammographically were smaller and manifested lymph node @entity2 more rarely. In order to reduce the number of false-negative findings the physician performing a mammography or assessing X-ray films should himself submit the breast in question to a thorough palpatory examination.

title: [Value of palpation and mammography in primary XXXX . A retrospective study 1973-1982].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The contrast sensitivity of 49 amblyopic @entity0 (mean age 9 years) was measured in the beginning and at the end of a treatment period using both vertical gratings and optotypes (LH-4 contrast test) at 2, 3, 5 and 75% contrast. The contrast sensitivity of 37 @entity0 was also measure using horizontal gratings. The contrast sensitivity of the dominant eyes measured with vertical gratings was generally higher than when measured with horizontal gratings. The difference was statistically significant at spatial frequencies 1 and 6 c/deg. A similar difference was present in the amblyopic eyes only at the spatial frequency 1 c/deg both before and after the treatment. Individual variation was great; in a given @entity0 the relationship between the two measurements varied from one spatial frequency to the next. It has been shown in earlier investigations that contrast sensitivity measurements using gratings reveal important new information in the study of @entity2 . Both tests, used in this investigation, measure visual function in the low contrast domain and improve follow-up of the changes in vision during treatment of @entity2 when used in addition to visual acuity measurements. Low contrast optotype test seems to measure contrast sensitivity in @entity2 closely similarly to the grating test. The slight difference in detecting a ' @entity1 ' at the intermediate spatial frequencies needs further study.

title: Contrast sensitivity in XXXX . IV. Assessment of vision using vertical and horizontal gratings and optotypes at different contrast levels.

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT: Although genome-wide imbalances have been characterized in conventional @entity6 , other than @entity4 mutational status, the molecular profile of @entity6 with high-grade transformation has not been explored. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate progressive genetic alterations in @entity6 with high-grade transformation using array comparative genomic hybridization. DESIGN: Five @entity6 with high-grade transformation (4 primary @entity1 and 1 paired @entity0 ) were selected and characterized at the DNA level by array comparative genomic hybridization on @entity2 -fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Select alterations were validated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chromosomal gains were mostly confined to the areas of high-grade transformation while losses were seen only in the conventional areas. Chromosomal regions with significant gains included 8q24, 17q11.2-q12, 17q23, and 15q11-13. Regions that showed the significant losses included 9q34, 4p16, 1p36.1, and 11q22. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis demonstrated increases in @entity3 (8q24.12-q24.13) and a low level increases in @entity5 ( formerly @entity5 ) (17q11.2-q12) in cases showing gains by array comparative genomic hybridization in these regions. However, no @entity1 showed @entity5 / @entity5 immunopositivity. CONCLUSIONS: High-grade transformation in @entity6 is a complex process that is reflected by several chromosomal alterations. Our findings implicate @entity3 amplification in this progression, although the role of @entity5 /neu is still unclear. Other candidate oncogenes, particularly on chromosome 17q23, warrant investigation in this rare @entity1 .

title: Progressive genetic alterations of XXXX with high-grade transformation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Liver X receptors (LXR) are transcription factors that belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Natural derivatives of @entity4 , known as @entity8 , have been identified as agonistic ligands of LXR. They are thus mainly considered to be intracellular @entity4 'sensors' whose activation leads to decreased plasma @entity4 . Their implication in other physiologic processes currently prevents their use as therapeutic targets, because of potentially deleterious side effects. AREAS COVERED: The various LXR agonists and antagonists, along with the physiological functions of LXR. Putative clinical targets including @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity3 and @entity1 . EXPERT OPINION: LXR are promising pharmacological targets because of the high potential to develop ligands owing to the variety of natural or synthetic agonists. Three aspects should be developed to select a LXR-ligand for treatment of @entity0 disease: bio-availability; isoform specificity; tissue specificity. This will allow the development of selective liver X modulators (SLiMs). The challenge is to overcome deleterious side effects to establish LXR as new pharmacological targets.

title: Targeting liver X receptors in XXXX health: deadlock or promising trail?

answer: @entity0


abstract: We compared the relative infectivity and virulence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) variants of the Nine Mile strain of @entity1 with those of the Priscilla strain, a representative of @entity2 . In agreement with results of previous studies, Nine Mile phase I (9mi/I) organisms were highly infectious, eliciting seroconversion and @entity0 with inocula containing as few as four organisms. Viable 9mi/I was recovered from the spleens of infected animals 30 days postinfection. Nine Mile phase II (9mi/II) organisms did not elicit @entity0 or seroconversion except with very large inocula, and viable organisms could not be recovered at 30 days postinfection. The Nine Mile/Crazy variant, bearing the intermediate-type LPS, was also highly infectious, as determined by @entity0 response and seroconversion, although, as with 9mi/II, viable organisms could not be recovered 30 days postinfection. The Priscilla strain in phase I (Pris/I) was as infectious as 9mi/I, as determined by seroconversion and its presence in the spleen 30 days postinfection; but in contrast to 9mi/I, more than 10(5) Pris/I isolates were required to induce @entity0 . The temporal appearances of anti-phase I and II antibodies were similar for the two strains. A variety of serological techniques measuring antibody response against whole-cell and purified LPS antigens in agglutination, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, and immunoblot assays did not demonstrate sufficient specificity to distinguish between 9mi/I and Pris/I infections. Results of vaccine cross-challenge experiments showed a significant degree of protection between homologous and heterologous challenge strains. protection between homologous

title: Comparative virulence of intra- and interstrain lipopolysaccharide variants of XXXX in the guinea pig model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A model, employing open-chested, anesthetized @entity0 , was developed to facilitate the study of myocardial drug disposition. @entity1 was employed as a model compound for initial investigation. @entity1 was administered as either a single i.v. bolus of 0.5 mg/kg or by a stepwise infusion protocol employing three rates: 2.6, 6.5 and 12.0 micrograms/kg/min. Blood and myocardial biopsy samples were obtained at specified times and the concentration of @entity1 in tissue homogenates and plasma was determined by a high-pressure liquid chromotographic procedure. The concentration-time data obtained from the i.v. bolus studies were fitted to a three-compartment model where one of the compartments represented the myocardium. The model predicts that plasma and myocardial concentrations achieve distribution equilibrium within 2 min after administration. The myocardial-to-plasma concentration ratios ranged from 6.2 to 20.3 and were constant with time for each @entity0 . The myocardial-to-plasma concentration ratios also remained constant during the infusion protocol, indicating linear accumulation up to myocardial concentrations of 6.7 micrograms/ml. To assess regional myocardial concentration differences, the concentration of drug in the right atrium was compared with the concentration of drug in the right atrium was compared with the concentration in the left ventricle at the end of the infusion protocol. The concentrations were not significantly different. The model developed will be used to study the myocardial disposition of several antiarrhythmic drugs and the factors which affect their rate and extent of accumulation.

title: A model to describe myocardial drug disposition in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The most important event during the growth of a @entity1 @entity3 is the occurrence of distant spread. A model of the natural history of @entity0 was developed which was used for several aims. It has been possible to study the relationship between the size of the @entity0 and the probability of dissemination either in regional lymph nodes or in distant sites. It was found that the distribution of @entity3 volume at metastatic dissemination is log normal with a median (termed V50) of 23.6 ml (diameter 3.5 cm). The number of involved axillary lymph nodes and the histological grade have both an impact on the dissemination probability and the size of the V50. It is also possible to estimate the median volume of the primary at the involvement of the first axillary node, of the second, of the third... On average, the V50 for distant metastatic dissemination is greater than the volume of the @entity3 at the initiation of the second axillary node but smaller than the volume at the initiation of the third. Another study was the assessment of the time at which the @entity2 were initiated. The results concerning age of @entity2 at the time of initial treatment allow to estimate the reduction in the incidence of distant @entity2 which can be obtained by an earlier diagnosis; these estimations are consistent with data of screening programs. The size of the occult @entity2 at the time of treatment of primary @entity3 was calculated. It was found that this size is much larger in the subset of @entity1 with pejorative prognostic factors which probably explains the relatively low effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in these @entity1 . The maximum size of the @entity2 which are controlled by adjuvant chemotherapy was found equal to 1.5.10(6) cells. Finally the model was used to investigate the possible dissemination arising from loco-regional recurrence. The discrepancy between the great reduction in the incidence of loco-regional recurrences obtained with post-operative radiotherapy and its relatively small impact on survival is probably due to the fact that a recurrence has an impact on survival only in @entity1 without distant @entity2 at the time of initial treatment and in whom the recurrence was not detected and treated before it reached the size at which it can initiate a @entity2 . This situation is likely to occur only in @entity1 with @entity3 of the inner quadrants in whom the internal mammary chain has a great likelihood of being involved.

title: [Natural history of @entity1 @entity3 and prognostic factors. The example of XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The most important event during the growth of a @entity1 @entity3 is the occurrence of distant spread. A model of the natural history of @entity0 was developed which was used for several aims. It has been possible to study the relationship between the size of the @entity0 and the probability of dissemination either in regional lymph nodes or in distant sites. It was found that the distribution of @entity3 volume at metastatic dissemination is log normal with a median (termed V50) of 23.6 ml (diameter 3.5 cm). The number of involved axillary lymph nodes and the histological grade have both an impact on the dissemination probability and the size of the V50. It is also possible to estimate the median volume of the primary at the involvement of the first axillary node, of the second, of the third... On average, the V50 for distant metastatic dissemination is greater than the volume of the @entity3 at the initiation of the second axillary node but smaller than the volume at the initiation of the third. Another study was the assessment of the time at which the @entity2 were initiated. The results concerning age of @entity2 at the time of initial treatment allow to estimate the reduction in the incidence of distant @entity2 which can be obtained by an earlier diagnosis; these estimations are consistent with data of screening programs. The size of the occult @entity2 at the time of treatment of primary @entity3 was calculated. It was found that this size is much larger in the subset of @entity1 with pejorative prognostic factors which probably explains the relatively low effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in these @entity1 . The maximum size of the @entity2 which are controlled by adjuvant chemotherapy was found equal to 1.5.10(6) cells. Finally the model was used to investigate the possible dissemination arising from loco-regional recurrence. The discrepancy between the great reduction in the incidence of loco-regional recurrences obtained with post-operative radiotherapy and its relatively small impact on survival is probably due to the fact that a recurrence has an impact on survival only in @entity1 without distant @entity2 at the time of initial treatment and in whom the recurrence was not detected and treated before it reached the size at which it can initiate a @entity2 . This situation is likely to occur only in @entity1 with @entity3 of the inner quadrants in whom the internal mammary chain has a great likelihood of being involved.

title: [Natural history of @entity1 XXXX and prognostic factors. The example of @entity0 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The most important event during the growth of a @entity1 @entity3 is the occurrence of distant spread. A model of the natural history of @entity0 was developed which was used for several aims. It has been possible to study the relationship between the size of the @entity0 and the probability of dissemination either in regional lymph nodes or in distant sites. It was found that the distribution of @entity3 volume at metastatic dissemination is log normal with a median (termed V50) of 23.6 ml (diameter 3.5 cm). The number of involved axillary lymph nodes and the histological grade have both an impact on the dissemination probability and the size of the V50. It is also possible to estimate the median volume of the primary at the involvement of the first axillary node, of the second, of the third... On average, the V50 for distant metastatic dissemination is greater than the volume of the @entity3 at the initiation of the second axillary node but smaller than the volume at the initiation of the third. Another study was the assessment of the time at which the @entity2 were initiated. The results concerning age of @entity2 at the time of initial treatment allow to estimate the reduction in the incidence of distant @entity2 which can be obtained by an earlier diagnosis; these estimations are consistent with data of screening programs. The size of the occult @entity2 at the time of treatment of primary @entity3 was calculated. It was found that this size is much larger in the subset of @entity1 with pejorative prognostic factors which probably explains the relatively low effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in these @entity1 . The maximum size of the @entity2 which are controlled by adjuvant chemotherapy was found equal to 1.5.10(6) cells. Finally the model was used to investigate the possible dissemination arising from loco-regional recurrence. The discrepancy between the great reduction in the incidence of loco-regional recurrences obtained with post-operative radiotherapy and its relatively small impact on survival is probably due to the fact that a recurrence has an impact on survival only in @entity1 without distant @entity2 at the time of initial treatment and in whom the recurrence was not detected and treated before it reached the size at which it can initiate a @entity2 . This situation is likely to occur only in @entity1 with @entity3 of the inner quadrants in whom the internal mammary chain has a great likelihood of being involved.

title: [Natural history of XXXX @entity3 and prognostic factors. The example of @entity0 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effects of @entity9 , F(ab')2 fragments of @entity0 gamma globulins and @entity13 , an inhibitor of complement activation, were tested on endotoxin-induced haemodynamic and haematological changes in the @entity2 . Their effects were compared with complement depletion by cobra venom factor (CVF) pretreatment. The results provide further evidence for the role of complement activation and the concomitant triggering of the @entity6 cascade in the early phase of shock. The formation of vasoactive @entity11 ( @entity12 and @entity10 ), the arterial @entity4 and the @entity5 were largely dependent on the presence of the intact complement system. F(ab')2 fragments (150 mg kg-1, i.v.) diminished the second fall in blood pressure to some extent but failed to alter any of the other endotoxin-induced changes. @entity9 (40 mg kg-1, i.v.) given 10 min before endotoxin significantly reduced the activation of complement, the second rise of @entity12 and the secondary @entity4 , but was without effect on the early thromboxane peak of the haematological features of endotoxin shock. @entity13 (20 mg kg-1, i.v.) may be of potential interest for treatment of @entity3 , since the drug suppressed the endotoxin-induced activation of complement, the formation of @entity12 , both @entity4 phases, the @entity5 and the concomitant release of @entity10 . The role of leukocytes and their @entity6 metabolites in plasma exudation deserves further investigation, because @entity7 and @entity1 were not complement-dependent and were not affected by any of the treatments. Our results indicate that drugs, interfering with complement activation and/or prostaglandin biosynthesis, may be @entity8 , provided that they are administered at an early stage.

title: Modification of endotoxin-induced haemodynamic and haematological changes in the @entity2 by XXXX , F(ab')2 fragments and @entity13 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: The effects of @entity9 , F(ab')2 fragments of @entity0 gamma globulins and @entity13 , an inhibitor of complement activation, were tested on endotoxin-induced haemodynamic and haematological changes in the @entity2 . Their effects were compared with complement depletion by cobra venom factor (CVF) pretreatment. The results provide further evidence for the role of complement activation and the concomitant triggering of the @entity6 cascade in the early phase of shock. The formation of vasoactive @entity11 ( @entity12 and @entity10 ), the arterial @entity4 and the @entity5 were largely dependent on the presence of the intact complement system. F(ab')2 fragments (150 mg kg-1, i.v.) diminished the second fall in blood pressure to some extent but failed to alter any of the other endotoxin-induced changes. @entity9 (40 mg kg-1, i.v.) given 10 min before endotoxin significantly reduced the activation of complement, the second rise of @entity12 and the secondary @entity4 , but was without effect on the early thromboxane peak of the haematological features of endotoxin shock. @entity13 (20 mg kg-1, i.v.) may be of potential interest for treatment of @entity3 , since the drug suppressed the endotoxin-induced activation of complement, the formation of @entity12 , both @entity4 phases, the @entity5 and the concomitant release of @entity10 . The role of leukocytes and their @entity6 metabolites in plasma exudation deserves further investigation, because @entity7 and @entity1 were not complement-dependent and were not affected by any of the treatments. Our results indicate that drugs, interfering with complement activation and/or prostaglandin biosynthesis, may be @entity8 , provided that they are administered at an early stage.

title: Modification of endotoxin-induced haemodynamic and haematological changes in the XXXX by @entity9 , F(ab')2 fragments and @entity13 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of @entity9 , F(ab')2 fragments of @entity0 gamma globulins and @entity13 , an inhibitor of complement activation, were tested on endotoxin-induced haemodynamic and haematological changes in the @entity2 . Their effects were compared with complement depletion by cobra venom factor (CVF) pretreatment. The results provide further evidence for the role of complement activation and the concomitant triggering of the @entity6 cascade in the early phase of shock. The formation of vasoactive @entity11 ( @entity12 and @entity10 ), the arterial @entity4 and the @entity5 were largely dependent on the presence of the intact complement system. F(ab')2 fragments (150 mg kg-1, i.v.) diminished the second fall in blood pressure to some extent but failed to alter any of the other endotoxin-induced changes. @entity9 (40 mg kg-1, i.v.) given 10 min before endotoxin significantly reduced the activation of complement, the second rise of @entity12 and the secondary @entity4 , but was without effect on the early thromboxane peak of the haematological features of endotoxin shock. @entity13 (20 mg kg-1, i.v.) may be of potential interest for treatment of @entity3 , since the drug suppressed the endotoxin-induced activation of complement, the formation of @entity12 , both @entity4 phases, the @entity5 and the concomitant release of @entity10 . The role of leukocytes and their @entity6 metabolites in plasma exudation deserves further investigation, because @entity7 and @entity1 were not complement-dependent and were not affected by any of the treatments. Our results indicate that drugs, interfering with complement activation and/or prostaglandin biosynthesis, may be @entity8 , provided that they are administered at an early stage.

title: Modification of endotoxin-induced haemodynamic and haematological changes in the @entity2 by @entity9 , F(ab')2 fragments and XXXX .

answer: @entity13


abstract: Random blood samples were obtained from 114 @entity0 with history of @entity7 ( @entity8 ) exposure in utero and were analyzed for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), @entity4 (E1), @entity1 (E2), @entity5 (A), @entity2 (T), and @entity3 (P) by respective radioimmunoassays. Colposcopic examinations of the lower genital tract and biopsies of suspicious areas of vaginal mucosa were performed in every @entity0 . The mean age of these @entity0 was 21.6 +/- 0.3 years (mean +/- SE) and mean age of menarche was 12.6 +/- 1.0 years. The incidence of irregular menses was 16.7%. A positive colposcopic finding was observed in 73.7% of all @entity0 , 69.5% of @entity0 with regular menses, and 94.7% of @entity0 with irregular menses. Histologically confirmed vaginal @entity6 was found in 43% of all @entity0 , 46.3% of @entity0 with regular menses, and 42.1% of @entity0 with irregular menses. No significant differences were observed between @entity8 -exposed versus unexposed females with regular menses in all hormones except @entity2 . An elevated @entity2 level was noted in postovulatory and perimenstrual phases of @entity8 -exposed females. Elevated @entity2 was also observed in @entity8 -exposed females with irregular menses. Cross-analysis of hormone levels among the @entity0 with lower genital tract pathology failed to show any statistical differences.

title: Plasma hormones in XXXX -exposed females.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Six @entity1 with spontaneous @entity4 were injected with a single dose of @entity3 . After 48 h of treatment, microfilariae counts were reduced by 92%-98% of pretreatment counts. In pretreatment biopsies examined by light and electron microscopy, microfilariae were unaltered in the sinusoids of the liver and also in the glomerular capillaries and interstitial blood vessels of the kidney. However, there was irregular thickening and dense deposits in the basement membranes of glomerular capillaries, along with a modest increase in mesangial cells and matrix. In post-treatment liver biopsies examined by light microscopy, there were numerous @entity2 in the sinusoids which contained degenerated microfilariae. In post-treatment kidney biopsies there was moderate thickening of glomerular basement membranes along with pronounced proliferation of mesangial cells and matrix. @entity0 were partially or completely occluded by degenerated microfilariae. In addition, there were interstitial @entity2 in the kidney. It was observed with the aid of electron microscopy that highly vacuolated and degenerated microfilariae were incorporated into @entity2 in the liver sinusoids of post-treatment biopsies. In post-treatment kidney biopsies glomerular capillaries were usually occluded by degenerated microfilariae. Basement membranes were thickened and contained dense deposits. Mesangial cells and matrix were extensively increased. Interstitial @entity2 in the kidney contained dead microfilariae.

title: Lesions in the liver and kidney of Dirofilaria immitis-infected XXXX following treatment with ivermectin.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The circadian rhythm of hepatic cell proliferation in @entity0 appears on the 20th day of life, when the hypothalamo-adrenal axis is mature enough for circadian activity to occur. From the 20th day to the 30th day of life, the mitotic rhythm is progressively induced by a reduction in nocturnal values, while diurnal @entity1 remain unchanged. Mitotic peaks emerge at 10.00 hours. A labelling index wave occurs 8 hr before the corresponding mitotic wave, with a peak at 02.00 hours and a minimum in the evening, coincidental with the acrophase of plasma @entity2 level (activity phase). Labelled mitoses curves and metaphase accumulation after @entity3 injection show that the duration of the S, G2 and M phases remain approximately constant and that the circadian variation is due to a variation in the rate of cells that enter these successive phases. During the synchronization period (from day 20 to 30), the growth fraction decreases progressively. Adrenalectomy at this time is followed by a higher cell proliferation and all @entity1 disappear after 2 days. @entity2 injected before the triggering of the rhythmic activity in 17-day-old @entity0 immediately reduces the labelling index, while the mitotic index is decreased 10 hr later; this delay is equal to the S + G2 duration. The results are discussed. They favour the hypothesis that the circadian variation of @entity2 is responsible for the induction of a circadian variation in developmental cell proliferation by inhibition of the G1-S transition when it is higher in the evening.

title: Circadian synchronization of hepatocyte proliferation in young XXXX : the role played by adrenal hormones.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Twenty-one @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were entered into this Northern California Oncology Group (NCOG) study of @entity9 , an ester of @entity8 and @entity4 . All @entity0 had active disease and were refractory to standard alkylating agent chemotherapy. Treatment consisted of @entity9 100 mg/m2/day orally for 3 consecutive days every 2 weeks. By strict response criteria used in this study there was one complete remission (CR), no partial remissions (PR), and three cases of clinical improvement (CI) in 18 evaluable @entity0 , for a total response rate of 22%. The median duration of response is 20+ months, with two @entity0 continuing to respond. @entity1 of this intermittent @entity9 regimen consisted primarily of mild to moderate @entity5 and @entity7 . No episodes of treatment-associated @entity2 or @entity3 occurred, and nonhematologic @entity1 was minor. Using strict response criteria, this study fails to confirm previous reports of high response rates for @entity9 in @entity0 with @entity6 refractory to standard therapy. The significance of the response category of clinical improvement in @entity6 is demonstrated by the substantial improvement in objective parameters and the long duration of response. This study also emphasizes the need for standardization of response criteria for this disease.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity9 : a phase II study using strict response criteria.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Twenty-one @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were entered into this Northern California Oncology Group (NCOG) study of @entity9 , an ester of @entity8 and @entity4 . All @entity0 had active disease and were refractory to standard alkylating agent chemotherapy. Treatment consisted of @entity9 100 mg/m2/day orally for 3 consecutive days every 2 weeks. By strict response criteria used in this study there was one complete remission (CR), no partial remissions (PR), and three cases of clinical improvement (CI) in 18 evaluable @entity0 , for a total response rate of 22%. The median duration of response is 20+ months, with two @entity0 continuing to respond. @entity1 of this intermittent @entity9 regimen consisted primarily of mild to moderate @entity5 and @entity7 . No episodes of treatment-associated @entity2 or @entity3 occurred, and nonhematologic @entity1 was minor. Using strict response criteria, this study fails to confirm previous reports of high response rates for @entity9 in @entity0 with @entity6 refractory to standard therapy. The significance of the response category of clinical improvement in @entity6 is demonstrated by the substantial improvement in objective parameters and the long duration of response. This study also emphasizes the need for standardization of response criteria for this disease.

title: Treatment of @entity6 with XXXX : a phase II study using strict response criteria.

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity3 is a new antiarrhythmic agent with predominant @entity2 properties. The safety, tolerance, and adverse effects of incremental single intravenous doses of this agent were investigated. A total of 28 @entity0 received incremental doses of 0.25 mg/kg (four @entity0 ), 0.5 mg/kg (five @entity0 ), 0.75 mg/kg (seven @entity0 ), 1.0 mg/kg (six @entity0 ), or 1.2 mg/kg (six @entity0 ) @entity3 . Another six @entity0 received 2.0 mg/kg @entity4 . Left ventricular function by radionuclide ventriculography and plasma @entity3 levels were measured at frequent intervals. In the @entity0 who received 1.0 mg/kg and 1.2 mg/kg @entity3 or @entity0 who received 2.0 mg/kg @entity4 , right and @entity1 were measured with a Swan-Ganz catheter. At low-dose @entity3 (0.25 to 0.75 mg/kg) there was a modest drop in ejection fraction (60% +/- 7% to 53% +/- 7%). With the higher doses of @entity3 (1.0 or 1.2 mg/kg) there was a more profound fall in ejection fraction (69% +/- 8% to 49% +/- 8%) that persisted for approximately 2 hours. This was associated with a rise in end diastolic volume index (74 +/- 24 to 85 +/- 27 ml/m2) and end systolic volume index (29 +/- 15 to 43 +/- 18 ml/m2) and a fall in cardiac index (2.65 +/- 0.62 to 2.14 +/- 0.24 L/min/m2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Acute, single, intravenous doses of XXXX : an evaluation of safety, tolerance, and hemodynamic effects.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment for @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity7 . METHODS: six consecutive cases of 3 males and 3 females were recruited. The average age at surgery was 18.5 years old with a range of 12 to 36 years old. All @entity0 @entity4 and @entity5 . Four @entity0 had @entity1 due to severe @entity2 . @entity6 were performed in all cases. Long cassette supine radiographs were taken before and after surgery and at the final follow-up. Correction of @entity4 , neurological outcomes (JOA (Japanese Orthopedic Association) scores) and operative complications were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: the average follow-up was 10.2 months with a range of 5 to 24 months. The average operative duration was 320 min with a mean 1300 ml of @entity3 . The average number of fusion segments was 8 with a range of 5 to 10 segments. @entity4 was corrected from 53.3   to 13.3   with a 75.0% correction rate. The average preoperative JOA score was 4.5 points and improved to 8.5 points at the final follow-up. CONCLUSION: posterior osteotomy and decompression is a preferred surgical regiment for thoracolumbar @entity4 and @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: [ @entity6 for XXXX in @entity0 with @entity7 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment for @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity7 . METHODS: six consecutive cases of 3 males and 3 females were recruited. The average age at surgery was 18.5 years old with a range of 12 to 36 years old. All @entity0 @entity4 and @entity5 . Four @entity0 had @entity1 due to severe @entity2 . @entity6 were performed in all cases. Long cassette supine radiographs were taken before and after surgery and at the final follow-up. Correction of @entity4 , neurological outcomes (JOA (Japanese Orthopedic Association) scores) and operative complications were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: the average follow-up was 10.2 months with a range of 5 to 24 months. The average operative duration was 320 min with a mean 1300 ml of @entity3 . The average number of fusion segments was 8 with a range of 5 to 10 segments. @entity4 was corrected from 53.3   to 13.3   with a 75.0% correction rate. The average preoperative JOA score was 4.5 points and improved to 8.5 points at the final follow-up. CONCLUSION: posterior osteotomy and decompression is a preferred surgical regiment for thoracolumbar @entity4 and @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: [ XXXX for @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity7 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment for @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity7 . METHODS: six consecutive cases of 3 males and 3 females were recruited. The average age at surgery was 18.5 years old with a range of 12 to 36 years old. All @entity0 @entity4 and @entity5 . Four @entity0 had @entity1 due to severe @entity2 . @entity6 were performed in all cases. Long cassette supine radiographs were taken before and after surgery and at the final follow-up. Correction of @entity4 , neurological outcomes (JOA (Japanese Orthopedic Association) scores) and operative complications were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: the average follow-up was 10.2 months with a range of 5 to 24 months. The average operative duration was 320 min with a mean 1300 ml of @entity3 . The average number of fusion segments was 8 with a range of 5 to 10 segments. @entity4 was corrected from 53.3   to 13.3   with a 75.0% correction rate. The average preoperative JOA score was 4.5 points and improved to 8.5 points at the final follow-up. CONCLUSION: posterior osteotomy and decompression is a preferred surgical regiment for thoracolumbar @entity4 and @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: [ @entity6 for @entity2 in @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment for @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity7 . METHODS: six consecutive cases of 3 males and 3 females were recruited. The average age at surgery was 18.5 years old with a range of 12 to 36 years old. All @entity0 @entity4 and @entity5 . Four @entity0 had @entity1 due to severe @entity2 . @entity6 were performed in all cases. Long cassette supine radiographs were taken before and after surgery and at the final follow-up. Correction of @entity4 , neurological outcomes (JOA (Japanese Orthopedic Association) scores) and operative complications were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: the average follow-up was 10.2 months with a range of 5 to 24 months. The average operative duration was 320 min with a mean 1300 ml of @entity3 . The average number of fusion segments was 8 with a range of 5 to 10 segments. @entity4 was corrected from 53.3   to 13.3   with a 75.0% correction rate. The average preoperative JOA score was 4.5 points and improved to 8.5 points at the final follow-up. CONCLUSION: posterior osteotomy and decompression is a preferred surgical regiment for thoracolumbar @entity4 and @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: [ @entity6 for @entity2 in XXXX with @entity7 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to retrospectively analyze 4-year results after hybrid (combined surgical-endovascular) therapy in @entity0 with complex peripheral TASC type D @entity4 . METHODS: from January 2006 to December 2009, 48 lower limbs in 46 @entity0 with TASC type D @entity4 were treated by hybrid surgical and endovascular therapy. There were 32 male and 16 female, age ranged from 54 to 85 years with an average of 67 years. The early clinical results were determined by ankle brachial index (ABI) and intermittent claudication distance. Patency analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier life tables. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the influence of various risk factors on primary patency. RESULTS: all lower limbs underwent successful hybrid surgical and endovascular therapy. The average ABI before and after hybrid therapy were 0.63    0.18 and 0.24    0.13 (P < 0.05). The average intermittent claudication distance significantly increased from (87    48) m to (247    62) m (P < 0.05). The mean duration of follow-up was 21.7 months (ranging 1 to 46 months). Over all, the primary patency rates, primary assisted patency rates and second patency rates were 79.2%, 83.3% and 95.8% respectively. The primary patency rate for intermittent claudication was significantly higher than that for @entity2 (P < 0.05). Primary patency rates were lower in @entity0 who underwent open surgery with both proximal and distal endoluminal procedures when compared with endovascular reconstruction proximal or distal to the site of open reconstruction (P < 0.05). The presence of @entity1 and dyslipidaemia were independent predictors of decreased primary patency rate (P = 0.013 and P = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid procedures provide an effective treatment management of selected @entity0 with multilevel lower extremity @entity3 .

title: [Hybrid surgical and endovascular therapy in TASC type D XXXX : a retrospective analysis of 48 cases].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The relationship between impaired fetal nutrient supply and postnatal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function was examined in ovine models of prenatal growth restriction (GR) caused by small placental size (SP) or by maternal undernutrition (UN). Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and @entity0 responses following @entity3 -releasing hormone (CRH) plus @entity4 ( @entity2 ) challenge were examined at 9, 18 and 24 months in growth-restricted (GR-SP) and normal birthweight (control) females (Experiment 1), and at 6 months in growth-restricted (GR-SP, GR-UN) and normal weight males and females (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, GR-SP offspring were born early, were 40% lighter at birth and had higher fractional weight gains to weaning than control offspring. Baseline ACTH and @entity0 were independent of GR and @entity0 decreased with age. GR did not affect the HPA response to CRH+AVP challenge at any stage, but ACTH increased with age. In Experiment 2, birthweight was greater in control offspring than in GR-UN offspring, which had a higher birthweight again compared with GR-SP offspring. Only the latter group was born early and exhibited rapid catch-up growth to weaning. Neither nutritional route to GR altered HPA function at 6 months. Males grew faster than females and HPA responses after stimulation were lower in males. Together, the results of these studies demonstrate that postnatal HPA function in @entity1 is influenced by age and sex, but not by GR.

title: Postnatal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in XXXX is influenced by age and sex, but not by prenatal growth restriction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Of seven @entity0 with @entity2 , two had @entity3 , two had slow chronic @entity3 ; and three had @entity5 and @entity1 . At upper GI tract endoscopy, 1- to 2-cm @entity4 were seen in all seven @entity0 in the distal esophagus. Four of the seven @entity0 also had stricture of varying severity in the distal esophagus. Serial esophageal mucosal biopsy specimens in all seven @entity0 revealed specialized columnar epithelium distal to 28 cm from the incisor teeth. Five of the seven @entity0 were treated with intensive antacid therapy for eight weeks; but the @entity4 had not healed after this period of treatment as assessed endoscopically. These five @entity0 and two more then started therapy with @entity6 , 1.2 g per day. Repeat endoscopy four weeks and eight weeks after institution of @entity6 therapy revealed complete healing of the esophageal @entity4 in six of the seven @entity0 . One @entity0 needed 16 weeks of @entity6 therapy before his ulcer had healed completely. @entity6 therapy was not effective in preventing restricture of the esophagus. Two @entity0 underwent biopsy 18 months after successful treatment; gastric epithelium had not reverted to squamous epithelium.

title: XXXX and treatment with @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Of seven @entity0 with @entity2 , two had @entity3 , two had slow chronic @entity3 ; and three had @entity5 and @entity1 . At upper GI tract endoscopy, 1- to 2-cm @entity4 were seen in all seven @entity0 in the distal esophagus. Four of the seven @entity0 also had stricture of varying severity in the distal esophagus. Serial esophageal mucosal biopsy specimens in all seven @entity0 revealed specialized columnar epithelium distal to 28 cm from the incisor teeth. Five of the seven @entity0 were treated with intensive antacid therapy for eight weeks; but the @entity4 had not healed after this period of treatment as assessed endoscopically. These five @entity0 and two more then started therapy with @entity6 , 1.2 g per day. Repeat endoscopy four weeks and eight weeks after institution of @entity6 therapy revealed complete healing of the esophageal @entity4 in six of the seven @entity0 . One @entity0 needed 16 weeks of @entity6 therapy before his ulcer had healed completely. @entity6 therapy was not effective in preventing restricture of the esophagus. Two @entity0 underwent biopsy 18 months after successful treatment; gastric epithelium had not reverted to squamous epithelium.

title: @entity4 and treatment with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The abdominal ganglion neurosecretory cells responsible for the synthesis and release of two insect neurohormones, cardioacceleratory peptides 1 and 2 (CAP1 and CAP2), from the perivisceral organs (PVOs) have been identified in the @entity0 , @entity0 . Previous work established the existence of two groups of abdominal ganglion cell bodies with axons projecting to the PVO: four laterally-situated pairs and five pairs lying on the midline (Taghert _ Truman, 1982b). Micro-dissection and bioassay of various parts of an abdominal ganglion revealed that @entity1 activity was greatest in the medial portion of the ganglion, the portion containing the 10 midline neurones. Six of the 10 midline neurosecretory cells, the new midline bilateral (MB) cells, appeared to differentiate post-embryonically, commencing differentiation late in the last larval instar and reaching maturity midway through adult development. The development of the new MB cells was mirrored by the accumulation of @entity1 activity in the abdominal nerve cord. Not present in measurable amounts in larvae, @entity1 activity was first detectable a few days after pupation and reached maximal levels midway through adult development. @entity1 -like bioactivity was collected from the PVO in response to antidromic stimulation of the nerve containing the new MB axons. No @entity1 -like bioactivity was detected in those preparations in which the new MB axons were severed or in which other nerves were stimulated. Intracellular stimulation of a new MB neurone evoked the release from the PVO of measurable levels of @entity1 bioactivity. It was shown that this stimulation-evoked, cardioacceleratory activity was sensitive to protease treatment, and was released only from the cell that was stimulated. On the basis of these experiments, it was concluded that the CAPs are synthesized and secreted from the new MB cells.

title: Identification of neurones containing cardioacceleratory peptides (CAPs) in the ventral nerve cord of the XXXX , @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The abdominal ganglion neurosecretory cells responsible for the synthesis and release of two insect neurohormones, cardioacceleratory peptides 1 and 2 (CAP1 and CAP2), from the perivisceral organs (PVOs) have been identified in the @entity0 , @entity0 . Previous work established the existence of two groups of abdominal ganglion cell bodies with axons projecting to the PVO: four laterally-situated pairs and five pairs lying on the midline (Taghert _ Truman, 1982b). Micro-dissection and bioassay of various parts of an abdominal ganglion revealed that @entity1 activity was greatest in the medial portion of the ganglion, the portion containing the 10 midline neurones. Six of the 10 midline neurosecretory cells, the new midline bilateral (MB) cells, appeared to differentiate post-embryonically, commencing differentiation late in the last larval instar and reaching maturity midway through adult development. The development of the new MB cells was mirrored by the accumulation of @entity1 activity in the abdominal nerve cord. Not present in measurable amounts in larvae, @entity1 activity was first detectable a few days after pupation and reached maximal levels midway through adult development. @entity1 -like bioactivity was collected from the PVO in response to antidromic stimulation of the nerve containing the new MB axons. No @entity1 -like bioactivity was detected in those preparations in which the new MB axons were severed or in which other nerves were stimulated. Intracellular stimulation of a new MB neurone evoked the release from the PVO of measurable levels of @entity1 bioactivity. It was shown that this stimulation-evoked, cardioacceleratory activity was sensitive to protease treatment, and was released only from the cell that was stimulated. On the basis of these experiments, it was concluded that the CAPs are synthesized and secreted from the new MB cells.

title: Identification of neurones containing cardioacceleratory peptides (CAPs) in the ventral nerve cord of the @entity0 , XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Effect of a chronic excess or deficit of thyroid hormone on intrinsic myocardial performance in @entity0 was assessed. Animals were thyroidectomized or treated with thyroid hormone or vehicle 6-7 wk before the study. Body weight and heart weight were decreased in the @entity2 group, and heart weight was elevated in the @entity3 group. Hearts were removed from thyroidectomized, euthyroid or thyroid-treated animals and studied as isolated, perfused working heart preparations. Ventricular function curves were generated by increasing left atrial filling pressure, whereas outflow resistance was not varied. Coronary flow, aortic outflow (and thus cardiac output), heart rate, and peak aortic systolic pressure were measured as a function of preload. These studies showed that performance of hearts from @entity3 animals was similar to that of euthyroid controls. Hearts from @entity2 @entity0 had decreased rate, pressure, and cardiac output but normal @entity1 volume. Since heart weight was 55% lower than control, normalization of volume work to dry heart weight reversed the difference in cardiac output. Comparison of hearts from @entity2 animals to control @entity0 of similar weight showed minimal differences in pump function. Thus @entity3 did not result in altered in vitro cardiac output or peak systolic pressure as a function of changing preload when compared with age-matched euthyroid controls, @entity2 resulted in a decreased in vitro heart rate but greater cardiac output normalized to heart weight when compared with age-matched controls and @entity3 animals; external pacing of @entity2 hearts yielded myocardial work parameters that were comparable to euthyroid control @entity0 of similar body weight; and cardiac efficiency was significantly greater in @entity2 hearts than in @entity3 hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of altered thyroid status on in vitro cardiac performance in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A treatment technique employing retrobulbar supervoltage radiotherapy (XRT) in @entity5 is described. Twenty-eight @entity0 have been treated and followed between 1980-1983. Twenty-six of 28 @entity0 (93%) showed some response, with 19/28 (68%) having a good to excellent response. Four of 28 (14%) had recurrent symptoms post-XRT. Soft tissue signs and symptoms were relieved and disease progression arrested in the majority of @entity0 , but proptosis and @entity4 responded poorly. High dose @entity2 have generally been the alternative form of therapy for this disease. Post-XRT, 24/28 (86%) of @entity0 have had no further @entity1 requirements, and been spared the associated complications. Treatment was well tolerated, with only five @entity0 (18%) demonstrating a transient @entity3 which settled entirely within 2 weeks. No long-term complications have been encountered. Eleven @entity0 had post-XRT CT scans which were compared to pre-treatment scans and clinical response. Nine of 11 @entity0 (82%) had CT changes in general agreement with the observed clinical response, but the degree of involvement seen on the initial CT scan was not predictive of response nor the risk of relapse. XRT with the described technique is felt to be an effective, safe, and practical approach to the disabling and disfiguring complications of severe @entity5 .

title: Supervoltage radiotherapy for XXXX : CCABC technique and results.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: According to the international standard in TNM staging of @entity1 , @entity1 complicated with diffuse @entity2 and @entity7 belongs to IIIB stage. In the past, non-operative therapy was employed, but both the therapeutic efficacy and the quality of life of @entity0 were poor. The purpose of this study is to find out a complex treatment for this disease. METHODS: Total pleuro-pneumonectomy was performed in 55 cases of @entity0 with @entity1 complicated with diffuse @entity2 and @entity7 from December 1978 to February 2003. The @entity0 were followed up postoperatively, and the quality of life and survival period of them were observed. RESULTS: In all the cases, only 2 @entity0 died of operation. Satisfactory recovery and remarkable relief of symptoms such as @entity6 , @entity6 and @entity5 were found in all the other @entity0 . After a follow-up period of 1-25 years, local recurrence was found in 6 cases (11.3%), and distant @entity2 in 42 cases (79.2%). A total of 48 @entity0 died of @entity3 , with survival period ranging from 5-40 months (average survival period: 15 months; median survival period: 14 months), and 5 @entity0 were still alive in good health. CONCLUSIONS: (1) @entity0 appropriated for operation should be carefully selected in case that @entity4 influence their smooth recovery; (2) @entity3 tissues should be removed as clear as possible; (3) During the operation, close attention should be paid to the protection of incisions; (4) Removal of the @entity3 tissues can reduce the @entity3 load, effectively clean the immunosuppressive factors in @entity7 , and break the immunity block status, which provides basis for the following comprehensive therapy; (5) The quality of life of the @entity0 can be improved and the median survival period can be prolonged by the operation; (6) The long-term survival rate of @entity0 is still unsatisfactory.

title: [Pleuro-pneumonectomy in the treatment of @entity1 complicated with diffuse @entity2 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: According to the international standard in TNM staging of @entity1 , @entity1 complicated with diffuse @entity2 and @entity7 belongs to IIIB stage. In the past, non-operative therapy was employed, but both the therapeutic efficacy and the quality of life of @entity0 were poor. The purpose of this study is to find out a complex treatment for this disease. METHODS: Total pleuro-pneumonectomy was performed in 55 cases of @entity0 with @entity1 complicated with diffuse @entity2 and @entity7 from December 1978 to February 2003. The @entity0 were followed up postoperatively, and the quality of life and survival period of them were observed. RESULTS: In all the cases, only 2 @entity0 died of operation. Satisfactory recovery and remarkable relief of symptoms such as @entity6 , @entity6 and @entity5 were found in all the other @entity0 . After a follow-up period of 1-25 years, local recurrence was found in 6 cases (11.3%), and distant @entity2 in 42 cases (79.2%). A total of 48 @entity0 died of @entity3 , with survival period ranging from 5-40 months (average survival period: 15 months; median survival period: 14 months), and 5 @entity0 were still alive in good health. CONCLUSIONS: (1) @entity0 appropriated for operation should be carefully selected in case that @entity4 influence their smooth recovery; (2) @entity3 tissues should be removed as clear as possible; (3) During the operation, close attention should be paid to the protection of incisions; (4) Removal of the @entity3 tissues can reduce the @entity3 load, effectively clean the immunosuppressive factors in @entity7 , and break the immunity block status, which provides basis for the following comprehensive therapy; (5) The quality of life of the @entity0 can be improved and the median survival period can be prolonged by the operation; (6) The long-term survival rate of @entity0 is still unsatisfactory.

title: [Pleuro-pneumonectomy in the treatment of XXXX complicated with diffuse @entity2 and @entity7 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: According to the international standard in TNM staging of @entity1 , @entity1 complicated with diffuse @entity2 and @entity7 belongs to IIIB stage. In the past, non-operative therapy was employed, but both the therapeutic efficacy and the quality of life of @entity0 were poor. The purpose of this study is to find out a complex treatment for this disease. METHODS: Total pleuro-pneumonectomy was performed in 55 cases of @entity0 with @entity1 complicated with diffuse @entity2 and @entity7 from December 1978 to February 2003. The @entity0 were followed up postoperatively, and the quality of life and survival period of them were observed. RESULTS: In all the cases, only 2 @entity0 died of operation. Satisfactory recovery and remarkable relief of symptoms such as @entity6 , @entity6 and @entity5 were found in all the other @entity0 . After a follow-up period of 1-25 years, local recurrence was found in 6 cases (11.3%), and distant @entity2 in 42 cases (79.2%). A total of 48 @entity0 died of @entity3 , with survival period ranging from 5-40 months (average survival period: 15 months; median survival period: 14 months), and 5 @entity0 were still alive in good health. CONCLUSIONS: (1) @entity0 appropriated for operation should be carefully selected in case that @entity4 influence their smooth recovery; (2) @entity3 tissues should be removed as clear as possible; (3) During the operation, close attention should be paid to the protection of incisions; (4) Removal of the @entity3 tissues can reduce the @entity3 load, effectively clean the immunosuppressive factors in @entity7 , and break the immunity block status, which provides basis for the following comprehensive therapy; (5) The quality of life of the @entity0 can be improved and the median survival period can be prolonged by the operation; (6) The long-term survival rate of @entity0 is still unsatisfactory.

title: [Pleuro-pneumonectomy in the treatment of @entity1 complicated with diffuse XXXX and @entity7 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: From 1963 to 1983, 26 @entity0 with @entity5 were treated at the Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Mass. @entity7 (15 @entity0 ) was more common than @entity6 (11 @entity0 ). Preoperative symptoms, such as @entity3 , were present for as long as 18 years before diagnosis. The mean size of cysts was 7 cm. Distal pancreatectomy, the most common operation, was performed in ten @entity0 . Eight of the 11 @entity0 with @entity6 had @entity1 at the time of surgical exploration. There was one postoperative death (3.8%). @entity0 with @entity6 had an adjusted median survival time after operation of 6.0 months. The long prodrome in many of the @entity2 @entity0 suggests that benign @entity7 , particularly of the mucinous type, may undergo @entity4 . Benign @entity7 seems unlikely to recur after adequate resection. Whenever possible, complete excision of @entity7 and @entity6 is the procedure of choice.

title: XXXX of the pancreas.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Electrocoagulation of 58 intraoral lesions (1 to 6.5 cm in diameter) resulted in a three-year absolute disease-free survival rate of 59% (34/58). During the 20-year study, 43 (74%) of the 58 @entity0 were cured. Though an initial 28% local failure rate was observed, 31% (5/16) of these @entity0 were subsequently cured by a second electrocoagulation. Electrocoagulation has distinct advantages over conventional surgery and irradiation. Relatively little tissue beyond the @entity1 is coagulated. Such tissue sparing allows better postoperative function and cosmesis. The deleterious effects of irradiation, including the serious " @entity2 " syndrome, are avoided. These treatment results are competitive with those of conventional surgery and irradiation. The limited field treated, the tissue conservation, the minimal morbidity, and the cost-effectiveness should make electrocoagulation a real consideration in treating selected invasive @entity1 . Ideally suited for electrocoagulation are those @entity0 whose lesions are small, easily visualized, mobile, and well differentiated.

title: Electrocoagulation for intraoral XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was two-fold: first, we examined associations between suicidal ideation, maladaptive sleep patterns and abnormal @entity3 in a sleep center population, an understudied population in the domain of suicide research; and then, we explored whether significant associations remained after accounting for the possible influence of @entity4 . METHOD: Data were analyzed from intake information obtained from 1584 adult @entity0 presenting at a community-based private sleep medical center. The sample was parsed into a Suicidal Ideation (SI) group (N=211) and No Suicidal Ideation (NSI) group (N=1373). Comparisons of these groups were made on measures of self-reported sleep complaints, habits, and behaviors, suicidal ideation, @entity4 , and associated psychopathology. RESULTS: Approximately 13% of @entity0 reported suicidal ideation. Clinically significant suicidal ideation was present in 4.5% of the sample. Compared to the NSI group, the SI group showed a pervasive pattern of significantly greater frequency or severity of @entity2 in areas of @entity1 , nightmares and other @entity5 behaviors, poor sleep quality, and sleep-related psychophysiologic conditioning as well as worse @entity2 and quality of life. Several relationships were significant after controlling for @entity4 . DISCUSSION: Suicidal ideation was consistently associated with a @entity2 , even when controlling for level of @entity4 . As these self-reported sleep disturbances are treatable @entity2 , future research should examine the efficacy of sleep and behavioral medicine for reducing the risk of suicidal ideation.

title: Sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation in sleep medical center XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 is common in @entity1 @entity0 , particularly those with @entity4 . It is associated with adverse outcomes such as @entity2 , disability and poorer prognosis. Our aim was to produce a European evidence-based clinical guideline on the management of @entity3 in @entity0 receiving palliative care to inform practice, establish policy, promote European consensus and ultimately improve @entity0 outcomes. Recommendations were devised using the best available evidence. Where evidence was absent or equivocal, Delphi consensus methods were implemented to elicit and refine expert opinion. Evidence was graded according to the process proposed by GRADE. The resulting guideline has three main sections: (1) prevention; (2) detection, diagnosis and assessment; and (3) treatment. The prevention section outlines strategies such as optimal palliative care and support, effective communication and information-giving. The detection section provides recommendations on symptoms, screening, diagnosis and severity assessment. The treatment section gives guidance on treatment decisions including choice of psychological therapy and antidepressant medication. This is the first comprehensive, evidence-based guideline on managing @entity3 in palliative care. It has the potential to improve @entity0 outcomes by enabling clinicians to access and implement evidence-based knowledge quickly and easily.

title: The development of evidence-based European guidelines on the management of XXXX in palliative @entity1 care.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 is common in @entity1 @entity0 , particularly those with @entity4 . It is associated with adverse outcomes such as @entity2 , disability and poorer prognosis. Our aim was to produce a European evidence-based clinical guideline on the management of @entity3 in @entity0 receiving palliative care to inform practice, establish policy, promote European consensus and ultimately improve @entity0 outcomes. Recommendations were devised using the best available evidence. Where evidence was absent or equivocal, Delphi consensus methods were implemented to elicit and refine expert opinion. Evidence was graded according to the process proposed by GRADE. The resulting guideline has three main sections: (1) prevention; (2) detection, diagnosis and assessment; and (3) treatment. The prevention section outlines strategies such as optimal palliative care and support, effective communication and information-giving. The detection section provides recommendations on symptoms, screening, diagnosis and severity assessment. The treatment section gives guidance on treatment decisions including choice of psychological therapy and antidepressant medication. This is the first comprehensive, evidence-based guideline on managing @entity3 in palliative care. It has the potential to improve @entity0 outcomes by enabling clinicians to access and implement evidence-based knowledge quickly and easily.

title: The development of evidence-based European guidelines on the management of @entity3 in palliative XXXX care.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity10 , more commonly known as pathomimia, are mainly expressed as organic symptoms voluntarily induced by the @entity0 . @entity0 suffering from these disorders do not seek to obtain immediate secondary benefits, contrary to simulation. They send the physician a challenge, sometimes by means of self-mutilation, or exposure to a vital risk. Their objective is to raise the interest and the mobilization of the medical community. The @entity0 will develop intense relationships with the medical staff, technically mobilized as well as emotionally, as far as the factitious @entity1 is uncovered. In some cases, @entity1 are conditions in which a @entity0 acts as if he or she has a @entity2 , by deliberately exhibiting @entity2 symptoms. Most often described are factitious acute @entity6 , @entity8 and @entity7 . Psychiatric @entity10 are difficult to diagnose, but they share common diagnosis criteria with other pathomimias. These subjects may suffer from pathomimia because of the occurrence of other @entity2 symptoms, such as pathological personalities, adaptation disorders, abuse and/or dependence on @entity4 or other substances, or @entity5 . This paper describes three clinical cases of pathomimia, diagnosed after hospitalization in a @entity2 unit for @entity5 , as a correlate to their factitious or authentic character. METHOD: Three case reports, describing @entity0 with pathomimia hospitalized in a department of @entity5 . RESULTS: The first case was a 57 year-old @entity0 considered as suffering from a @entity3 hospitalized for a @entity5 . The symptoms described and reported are those of a @entity10 . The @entity0 interrupted the medical care by asking to be discharged from the hospital. The second case was a young @entity0 hospitalized following a suicide attempt. She has a history of multiple somatic and @entity2 . On admission she had @entity5 , more likely linked with a pathological personality, rather than with a major @entity5 . The third case presented a @entity9 . He was hospitalized for @entity5 . He had a comorbid major @entity5 . The prescription of antidepressants led to a significant clinical improvement. CONCLUSION: These three cases indicate that a real @entity5 may be observed with a @entity0 suffering from pathomimia. Therefore, a neutral and complete @entity2 evaluation is necessary so as to not deprive these @entity0 from the opportunity for an adapted treatment.

title: [ XXXX in pathomimia: comorbidity or @entity2 ?].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity10 , more commonly known as pathomimia, are mainly expressed as organic symptoms voluntarily induced by the @entity0 . @entity0 suffering from these disorders do not seek to obtain immediate secondary benefits, contrary to simulation. They send the physician a challenge, sometimes by means of self-mutilation, or exposure to a vital risk. Their objective is to raise the interest and the mobilization of the medical community. The @entity0 will develop intense relationships with the medical staff, technically mobilized as well as emotionally, as far as the factitious @entity1 is uncovered. In some cases, @entity1 are conditions in which a @entity0 acts as if he or she has a @entity2 , by deliberately exhibiting @entity2 symptoms. Most often described are factitious acute @entity6 , @entity8 and @entity7 . Psychiatric @entity10 are difficult to diagnose, but they share common diagnosis criteria with other pathomimias. These subjects may suffer from pathomimia because of the occurrence of other @entity2 symptoms, such as pathological personalities, adaptation disorders, abuse and/or dependence on @entity4 or other substances, or @entity5 . This paper describes three clinical cases of pathomimia, diagnosed after hospitalization in a @entity2 unit for @entity5 , as a correlate to their factitious or authentic character. METHOD: Three case reports, describing @entity0 with pathomimia hospitalized in a department of @entity5 . RESULTS: The first case was a 57 year-old @entity0 considered as suffering from a @entity3 hospitalized for a @entity5 . The symptoms described and reported are those of a @entity10 . The @entity0 interrupted the medical care by asking to be discharged from the hospital. The second case was a young @entity0 hospitalized following a suicide attempt. She has a history of multiple somatic and @entity2 . On admission she had @entity5 , more likely linked with a pathological personality, rather than with a major @entity5 . The third case presented a @entity9 . He was hospitalized for @entity5 . He had a comorbid major @entity5 . The prescription of antidepressants led to a significant clinical improvement. CONCLUSION: These three cases indicate that a real @entity5 may be observed with a @entity0 suffering from pathomimia. Therefore, a neutral and complete @entity2 evaluation is necessary so as to not deprive these @entity0 from the opportunity for an adapted treatment.

title: [ @entity5 in pathomimia: comorbidity or XXXX ?].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 is a zoonosis resulting from the growth in @entity0 of the larval form of @entity6 . Involvement of the bones is rare and localisation to the ribs is exceptional. The aim of our study is to present the pathophysiological and diagnostic characteristics of hydatid disease of the ribs and to define the radiological features. @entity0 AND METHODS: We undertook a retrospective study, over a period of 10 years, of 12 cases of hydatid rib disease. We have analysed the demographic, clinical and biological parameters and we examined the radiological details as well as the effect of surgery on the progress of the disease. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity0 was 33.5  10 years. There was no sexual predominance. The clinical picture was characterised by @entity4 in ten cases and by swelling in five. General health was satisfactory in all @entity0 . The chest X-rays showed a shadow of water density with @entity2 . Thoracic CT scans showed the relationships with the neighbouring structures, particularly the spinal column. In three cases T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans showed the extent of intraspinal extension and in two cases excluded medullary involvement. Hydatid serology was positive in five cases. All our @entity0 were operated on, with rib resection and vertebral curettage in three cases, and resection of the transverse process in two. Histological examination of the surgical specimens confirmed the diagnosis. Eight @entity0 were treated with @entity5 . All @entity0 were reviewed for a mean of 3 years and the progress was favourable. CONCLUSION: @entity1 of the ribs is a @entity3 and the diagnosis is difficult. It is sometimes an unexpected surgical finding but careful examination of the chest X-ray, supplemented by a CT scan, thanks to the liquid density of the lesions, is a great help in diagnosis. However, in the light of the results of our series, the radiological picture may be atypical and the interpretaion difficult.

title: [ XXXX of the ribs].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stigma is associated with prevalent @entity1 , but its association with incident @entity1 is unknown. METHODS: We identified 209 @entity0 and adults with incident @entity3 from the diverse impoverished community of northern Manhattan. We interviewed 94 @entity0 , aged 16 and older, about lifetime history of @entity2 , health status, medical history, and stigma. RESULTS: At baseline, 18 (22.5%) @entity0 reported experiencing stigma. Stigma was reported by 9 (50.0%) with @entity2 and 9 (14.5%) without @entity2 (P=0.002). At 1 year, 7 (8.1%) @entity0 reported experiencing stigma. Stigma was reported by 5 (31.3%) with @entity2 versus 1 (1.6%) without @entity2 (P<0.0001). At both time points, odds of stigma increased when lifetime history of @entity2 and fair/poor health was present. CONCLUSIONS: Previous work revealed negative effects of prevalent @entity1 on stigma. In the low-income, predominantly Hispanic community of northern Manhattan, we found incident @entity1 was associated with stigma when lifetime history of @entity2 or fair/poor health was present.

title: Associates of stigma in an incident XXXX population from northern Manhattan, New York City.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to clarify the efficacy and safety of @entity4 and @entity3 as second-line treatment for @entity0 with S-1 refractory advanced @entity2 . Between 1999 and 2006, 32 @entity0 received @entity4 (60 mg/m  ) and @entity3 (60 mg/m  ) (Dp regimen) on day 1 every 3 weeks. This regimen was repeated at least three times at 3-week intervals until disease progression or unacceptable @entity1 was detected. The overall response rate was 21.9%. Seven @entity0 showed partial response, 17 showed stable disease and 8 showed disease progression. The median survival time was 12.3 months after the start of the first-line treatment. The median survival time and time to progression following the DP regimen was 7.8 months and 4.0 months, respectively. The major adverse effects were @entity5 and neutropnea. Non-hematological @entity1 were generally mild to moderate and controllable. this study showed satisfactory therapeutic outcomes for @entity0 with @entity2 refractory to S- 1 chemotherapy.

title: Second-line @entity4 plus XXXX for advanced @entity2 showing resistance to S-1.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The purpose of this study was to clarify the efficacy and safety of @entity4 and @entity3 as second-line treatment for @entity0 with S-1 refractory advanced @entity2 . Between 1999 and 2006, 32 @entity0 received @entity4 (60 mg/m  ) and @entity3 (60 mg/m  ) (Dp regimen) on day 1 every 3 weeks. This regimen was repeated at least three times at 3-week intervals until disease progression or unacceptable @entity1 was detected. The overall response rate was 21.9%. Seven @entity0 showed partial response, 17 showed stable disease and 8 showed disease progression. The median survival time was 12.3 months after the start of the first-line treatment. The median survival time and time to progression following the DP regimen was 7.8 months and 4.0 months, respectively. The major adverse effects were @entity5 and neutropnea. Non-hematological @entity1 were generally mild to moderate and controllable. this study showed satisfactory therapeutic outcomes for @entity0 with @entity2 refractory to S- 1 chemotherapy.

title: Second-line @entity4 plus @entity3 for advanced XXXX showing resistance to S-1.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to clarify the efficacy and safety of @entity4 and @entity3 as second-line treatment for @entity0 with S-1 refractory advanced @entity2 . Between 1999 and 2006, 32 @entity0 received @entity4 (60 mg/m  ) and @entity3 (60 mg/m  ) (Dp regimen) on day 1 every 3 weeks. This regimen was repeated at least three times at 3-week intervals until disease progression or unacceptable @entity1 was detected. The overall response rate was 21.9%. Seven @entity0 showed partial response, 17 showed stable disease and 8 showed disease progression. The median survival time was 12.3 months after the start of the first-line treatment. The median survival time and time to progression following the DP regimen was 7.8 months and 4.0 months, respectively. The major adverse effects were @entity5 and neutropnea. Non-hematological @entity1 were generally mild to moderate and controllable. this study showed satisfactory therapeutic outcomes for @entity0 with @entity2 refractory to S- 1 chemotherapy.

title: Second-line XXXX plus @entity3 for advanced @entity2 showing resistance to S-1.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity2 ) is an environmental contaminant that causes adverse developmental effects in laboratory animals. To investigate the low-dose effects of @entity2 on offspring, timed-pregnant @entity3 @entity0 were gavage dosed with @entity2 for all or half of gestation. In the full-gestation study, @entity0 were administered 0, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg @entity2 /kg body weight (BW)/day from gestation days (GD) 1-17. In the late-gestation study, @entity0 were administered 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg @entity2 /kg BW/day from GD 10-17. Exposure to @entity2 significantly (p < 0.05) increased offspring relative liver weights in all treatment groups in the full-gestation study and in the 1.0 mg @entity2 /kg group in the late-gestation study. In both studies, the offspring of all @entity2 -treated dams exhibited significantly stunted mammary epithelial growth as assessed by developmental scoring. At postnatal day 21, mammary glands from the 1.0 mg/kg GD 10-17 group had significantly less longitudinal epithelial growth and fewer terminal end buds compared with controls (p < 0.05). Evaluation of internal dosimetry in offspring revealed that @entity2 concentrations remained elevated in liver and serum for up to 6 weeks and that brain concentrations were low and undetectable after 4 weeks. These data indicate that @entity2 -induced effects on mammary tissue (1) occur at lower doses than effects on liver weight in @entity3 @entity0 , an observation that may be strain specific, and (2) persist until 12 weeks of age following full-gestational exposure. Due to the low-dose sensitivity of mammary glands to @entity2 in @entity3 @entity0 , a no observable adverse effect level for mammary developmental delays was not identified in these studies.

title: Prenatal @entity1 exposure in XXXX @entity0 : low-dose developmental effects and internal dosimetry.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity2 ) is an environmental contaminant that causes adverse developmental effects in laboratory animals. To investigate the low-dose effects of @entity2 on offspring, timed-pregnant @entity3 @entity0 were gavage dosed with @entity2 for all or half of gestation. In the full-gestation study, @entity0 were administered 0, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg @entity2 /kg body weight (BW)/day from gestation days (GD) 1-17. In the late-gestation study, @entity0 were administered 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg @entity2 /kg BW/day from GD 10-17. Exposure to @entity2 significantly (p < 0.05) increased offspring relative liver weights in all treatment groups in the full-gestation study and in the 1.0 mg @entity2 /kg group in the late-gestation study. In both studies, the offspring of all @entity2 -treated dams exhibited significantly stunted mammary epithelial growth as assessed by developmental scoring. At postnatal day 21, mammary glands from the 1.0 mg/kg GD 10-17 group had significantly less longitudinal epithelial growth and fewer terminal end buds compared with controls (p < 0.05). Evaluation of internal dosimetry in offspring revealed that @entity2 concentrations remained elevated in liver and serum for up to 6 weeks and that brain concentrations were low and undetectable after 4 weeks. These data indicate that @entity2 -induced effects on mammary tissue (1) occur at lower doses than effects on liver weight in @entity3 @entity0 , an observation that may be strain specific, and (2) persist until 12 weeks of age following full-gestational exposure. Due to the low-dose sensitivity of mammary glands to @entity2 in @entity3 @entity0 , a no observable adverse effect level for mammary developmental delays was not identified in these studies.

title: Prenatal XXXX exposure in @entity3 @entity0 : low-dose developmental effects and internal dosimetry.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity2 ) is an environmental contaminant that causes adverse developmental effects in laboratory animals. To investigate the low-dose effects of @entity2 on offspring, timed-pregnant @entity3 @entity0 were gavage dosed with @entity2 for all or half of gestation. In the full-gestation study, @entity0 were administered 0, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg @entity2 /kg body weight (BW)/day from gestation days (GD) 1-17. In the late-gestation study, @entity0 were administered 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg @entity2 /kg BW/day from GD 10-17. Exposure to @entity2 significantly (p < 0.05) increased offspring relative liver weights in all treatment groups in the full-gestation study and in the 1.0 mg @entity2 /kg group in the late-gestation study. In both studies, the offspring of all @entity2 -treated dams exhibited significantly stunted mammary epithelial growth as assessed by developmental scoring. At postnatal day 21, mammary glands from the 1.0 mg/kg GD 10-17 group had significantly less longitudinal epithelial growth and fewer terminal end buds compared with controls (p < 0.05). Evaluation of internal dosimetry in offspring revealed that @entity2 concentrations remained elevated in liver and serum for up to 6 weeks and that brain concentrations were low and undetectable after 4 weeks. These data indicate that @entity2 -induced effects on mammary tissue (1) occur at lower doses than effects on liver weight in @entity3 @entity0 , an observation that may be strain specific, and (2) persist until 12 weeks of age following full-gestational exposure. Due to the low-dose sensitivity of mammary glands to @entity2 in @entity3 @entity0 , a no observable adverse effect level for mammary developmental delays was not identified in these studies.

title: Prenatal @entity1 exposure in @entity3 XXXX : low-dose developmental effects and internal dosimetry.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Sixty-five cases of @entity2 treated by surgery were reviewed. The types of operation included hemiglossectomy, subtotal and total glossectomy with or without hemimandibulectomy and laryngectomy. Simultaneous neck dissection was usually performed except for @entity0 who had radiotherapy and did not have clinical lymph node involvement. The hospital mortality and five-year survival rates were analysed for individual subgroups of @entity0 classified according to clinical and pathological features. The overall hospital mortality rate was 21.5 per cent. The size of the @entity1 and the presence of extension posteriorly, to the opposite side and to the floor of the mouth increased the mortality. Lesions situated on the dorsum fared worse than those at the edge or undersurface. Clinically and pathologically involved lymph nodes adversely affected the mortality. The more extensive the resection, the higher the mortality. Old age and previous failed radiotherapy also increased mortality. The overall five-year survival rate was 46 per cent. Long term survival was not so much affected by the size of the primary @entity1 and degree of local extension as was the hospital mortality. Clinical as well as pathological staging of regional lymph nodes were more important in influencing long term survival. Recurrence after radiotherapy had a worse prognosis than previously untreated @entity1 .

title: XXXX : factors affecting the results of surgical treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Analysis of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) produced during an immune response may be useful in elucidating some aspects of this process. Identification of antigens incorporated into @entity7 provides information that may be helpful in developing diagnostic and treatment strategies for @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity1 , and transplantation therapy, and such information might be more relevant than information on free antigens. Because @entity7 may contain many antigens, comprehensive identification and profiling of such antigens is more effective than immunoblotting detection. METHODS: We developed a novel proteomic strategy (immune complexome analysis) in which immune complexes (ICs) are separated from serum, digested directly with trypsin, and then subjected to nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for identifying and profiling antigens in @entity7 . We applied this strategy to the analysis of @entity7 in 21 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) patients. Serum samples from 13 healthy donors and 8 @entity4 @entity0 were used as controls. RESULTS: @entity7 containing @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) were found in the serum of 81% and 52% of @entity3 @entity0 , respectively, and in none of the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The ICs in the serum of a majority of the @entity3 @entity0 contained @entity6 or @entity8 , and these ICs may have potential as alternative biomarkers. Our technique for immune complexome analysis uses routine clinical samples, simple protocols, and widely available equipment. This method may be generally applicable to the study of the relationship between @entity7 and certain diseases associated with the immune response in animals and @entity0 .

title: Immune complexome analysis of serum and its application in screening for immune complex antigens in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the healing effect of topical becaplermin gel vs hydrogel dressing on @entity1 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, parallel-assignment, controlled study. SETTING: Ambulatory or hospitalized @entity0 from 17 dermatology departments. @entity0 : Among 64 consecutive randomized @entity0 with 1 or more @entity1 who fulfilled all inclusion criteria, 59 received the allocated intervention, and findings were analyzed. INTERVENTION: Becaplermin gel ( @entity0 recombinant platelet-derived growth factor-BB, 0.1%, in hydrogel) or hydrogel dressing was applied, both in doses of 1 cm/cm(2), once daily for 8 weeks. Follow-up continued for 4 weeks beyond the final gel application. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary end point was complete wound closure rate after 8 weeks of treatment. Secondary end points were percentages of @entity0 with complete wound closure at week 12; changed @entity3 area after treatment vs baseline; and changed @entity3 -related @entity2 and health-related quality of life during the study. RESULTS: Complete wound closure rates were comparable after 8 weeks for @entity4 (5 of 28 @entity0 ) and hydrogel (3 of 31 @entity0 ) (8 percentage-point difference; 95% confidence interval, -10% to 26%). No statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 groups for percentages of complete closure at week 12, changed @entity3 area at week 8, or changed @entity3 -related @entity2 and quality of life during the study (P > .05 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: Topical becaplermin gel is not superior to hydrogel dressing for @entity1 leg @entity3 wound closure. Surgical management by grafting remains the most promising treatment strategy but requires further evaluation. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00970697.

title: Topical treatment of XXXX with platelet-derived growth factor-BB: a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: No studies document the incidence or results of @entity1 and patellar @entity2 after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a contralateral patellar tendon autograft. PURPOSE: To determine the results of @entity0 who have @entity1 and patellar @entity2 after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a patellar tendon autograft and compare the results between ipsilateral and contralateral grafts. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: The authors determined the incidence of @entity1 requiring surgical intervention and complete patellar @entity2 after surgery. Data were analyzed in 2 groups based on the graft source: ipsilateral (n = 2553) or contralateral (n = 2811). Data reviewed included range of motion, quadriceps strength, and subjective evaluations. RESULTS: Infections occurred in 9 ipsilateral @entity0 (0.35%) and 4 contralateral @entity0 (0.14%) (P = .12). At final follow-up, less than normal knee extension was found in 4 ipsilateral @entity0 and 1 contralateral @entity0 ; less than normal flexion was found in 4 ipsilateral @entity0 and 2 contralateral @entity0 . @entity2 occurred in 6 ipsilateral @entity0 (0.24%) and 7 contralateral @entity0 (0.25%) (P = .92). At 1 month after patellar tendon repair, mean motion (degree of hyperextension-degree short of 0   extension-degree of flexion) in the contralateral group was 5-0-137 in the reconstructed knee and 5-0-118 in the graft-donor knee, which was greater than 5-0-98 found in the ipsilateral group for the reconstructed knee (P < .05). The mean Noyes subjective score at a mean of 4 years postoperatively for the tendon-ruptured knee was 87 points in the ipsilateral group and 93 points in the contralateral group (P = .32), which is comparable with the published normative data for the Noyes score reporting a mean score of 93.6    8.3 points. CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in the incidence of @entity1 or @entity2 between the ipsilateral and contralateral groups. @entity0 with complications after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a patellar tendon autograft may have less difficulty obtaining full knee motion when the graft is harvested from the contralateral knee.

title: Infections and patellar XXXX after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a comparison of ipsilateral and contralateral patellar tendon autografts.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify age-related changes in @entity0 meibomian glands that may be associated with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Excess eyelid tissue from 36 @entity0 (age range, 18-95 years, 19 female, 17 male) who underwent canthoplasty procedures were used. Dermatologic history, age, and presence of @entity2 were recorded. Samples were frozen, sectioned, and stained with specific antibodies against @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to identify meibocyte differentiation, Ki67 nuclear antigen to identify cycling cells, and @entity4 to identify inflammatory cell infiltration. RESULTS: Staining for @entity6 showed cytoplasmic and nuclear localization in the 2 youngest subjects (ages, 18 and 44 years). Older individuals (>60 years) showed predominantly nuclear staining, with cytoplasmic staining limited to the basal acinar cells in 17 of 31 subjects. The number of Ki67 positively stained basal cells were significantly elevated in the younger compared with older subjects based on linear regression analysis (r(2) = 0.35; P < .001). There was also a significant correlation between MG expression grade and @entity4 cell infiltration (r = 0.414; P = .05). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that aging @entity0 meibomian glands show decreased meibocyte differentiation and cell cycling that is associated with the development of @entity2 . Findings also suggest that altered @entity6 signaling may lead to acinar @entity1 and development of an age-related hyposecretory @entity2 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity2 and evaporative @entity3 are common age-related @entity5 . Understanding the underlying mechanism of @entity2 may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat this disease.

title: Effects of age and dysfunction on XXXX meibomian glands.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate a rare but potential mechanism of @entity8 in a @entity0 with fulminant @entity10 complicated by severe intracranial @entity2 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Intensive care unit. @entity0 : A 21-year-old @entity0 who presented with 3 days of @entity1 , combativeness, and @entity3 . INTERVENTION: Antibiotics and @entity4 were initiated after lumbar puncture yielded purulent cerebrospinal fluid and @entity5 . RESULTS: The @entity0 's course was complicated by severe @entity11 necessitating intracranial pressure monitoring and intracranial pressure-targeted therapy. Within 5 days he developed @entity8 and @entity12 . Brain and cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging revealed patchy areas of T2 signal hyperintensity with associated @entity9 enhancement in the superior cervical spinal cord, cerebellar tonsils, and medulla. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 secondary to tonsillar herniation in @entity7 is rare but should be considered in @entity0 with acute @entity8 after treatment of @entity6 . Magnetic resonance imaging signal changes and @entity9 enhancement may be demonstrated. Significant improvement of cord symptoms can be expected.

title: Cervicomedullary injury after XXXX with @entity11 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate a rare but potential mechanism of @entity8 in a @entity0 with fulminant @entity10 complicated by severe intracranial @entity2 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Intensive care unit. @entity0 : A 21-year-old @entity0 who presented with 3 days of @entity1 , combativeness, and @entity3 . INTERVENTION: Antibiotics and @entity4 were initiated after lumbar puncture yielded purulent cerebrospinal fluid and @entity5 . RESULTS: The @entity0 's course was complicated by severe @entity11 necessitating intracranial pressure monitoring and intracranial pressure-targeted therapy. Within 5 days he developed @entity8 and @entity12 . Brain and cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging revealed patchy areas of T2 signal hyperintensity with associated @entity9 enhancement in the superior cervical spinal cord, cerebellar tonsils, and medulla. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 secondary to tonsillar herniation in @entity7 is rare but should be considered in @entity0 with acute @entity8 after treatment of @entity6 . Magnetic resonance imaging signal changes and @entity9 enhancement may be demonstrated. Significant improvement of cord symptoms can be expected.

title: Cervicomedullary injury after @entity10 with XXXX .

answer: @entity11