abstract: The risk of developing @entity1 has been investigated in a case-control study and in a prospective investigation. In the case-control study, 1495 cases of @entity1 were identified in five city hospitals and matched with autopsy controls from the same hospitals. The frequency of operations for benign @entity2 [partial gastrectomy (PG) and gastroenterostomy] was similar in the two groups. Thus, there was no increased risk for late @entity1 after an @entity2 operation. A total of 140 operated @entity2 subjects [80 truncal vagotomy and drainage (TVD), 60 PG and 78 nonoperated cases attending with @entity5 (C)] were examined by endoscopy, multiple gastric biopsy and analysis of gastric juice for @entity6 . Biopsies were graded for @entity7 and a @entity7 index was derived (normal, 1; superficial @entity7 , 2; chronic @entity8 : mild, 3; moderate, 4; severe, 5). More @entity8 was found in operated subjects than in controls: TVD, 2.3 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- SE); PG, 2.6 +/- 0.1 versus C, 1.8 +/- 0.08, p less than 0.01. The severity of @entity8 increased after an operation interval of 20 years in PG subjects (p less than 0.05). @entity4 was a common change, but unequivocal @entity9 was not observed. Two cases of operated @entity0 were found. High levels of @entity6 were positively correlated with pH and a high @entity7 index. This evidence does not suggest that @entity2 surgery leads to either an increased risk of @entity0 or a @entity3 .

title: An investigation of possible risk factors associated with @entity1 after benign XXXX operations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The risk of developing @entity1 has been investigated in a case-control study and in a prospective investigation. In the case-control study, 1495 cases of @entity1 were identified in five city hospitals and matched with autopsy controls from the same hospitals. The frequency of operations for benign @entity2 [partial gastrectomy (PG) and gastroenterostomy] was similar in the two groups. Thus, there was no increased risk for late @entity1 after an @entity2 operation. A total of 140 operated @entity2 subjects [80 truncal vagotomy and drainage (TVD), 60 PG and 78 nonoperated cases attending with @entity5 (C)] were examined by endoscopy, multiple gastric biopsy and analysis of gastric juice for @entity6 . Biopsies were graded for @entity7 and a @entity7 index was derived (normal, 1; superficial @entity7 , 2; chronic @entity8 : mild, 3; moderate, 4; severe, 5). More @entity8 was found in operated subjects than in controls: TVD, 2.3 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- SE); PG, 2.6 +/- 0.1 versus C, 1.8 +/- 0.08, p less than 0.01. The severity of @entity8 increased after an operation interval of 20 years in PG subjects (p less than 0.05). @entity4 was a common change, but unequivocal @entity9 was not observed. Two cases of operated @entity0 were found. High levels of @entity6 were positively correlated with pH and a high @entity7 index. This evidence does not suggest that @entity2 surgery leads to either an increased risk of @entity0 or a @entity3 .

title: An investigation of possible risk factors associated with XXXX after benign @entity2 operations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 not only requires correction of an @entity4 deficiency but it also demands adequate @entity4 delivery. A short historical review is given over the first 60 years of @entity4 treatment, where emphasis was mainly on the correction of @entity4 deficiency. Despite concerted efforts, metabolic results were often poor, and there was a high incidence of late complications, which will be described briefly. A major aim of new treatment approaches, which emphasizes better routes of @entity4 delivery, is the prevention or reversal of these late complications. Closed-loop systems are infusion systems located outside the body which deliver @entity4 according to @entity2 values that are measured continuously. The state of the art for such systems will be described with examples of clinical applications and results. These systems aid and stimulate research, but offer no long-term application for treatment. Open-loop systems are portable, both external and implantable, and lack an accurate @entity2 sensor so that the loop can be closed. A number of @entity4 delivery systems have been developed in this category ranging from highly complex, fully implantable units, programable from outside, to simple basal-rate infusion pumps. Various pumps are designed to be used with varying delivery routes, and the evaluation of different routes will be a vital topic in this article. Pros and cons of the intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes will be discussed, with supporting research referenced. Clinical experience will be cited for both the complex and the simple infusion systems. Other topics to be covered include feasibility of long-term treatment, complications of this new treatment approach, guidelines for @entity0 instruction and supervision, requirements for treatment of large @entity0 groups with pumps in a modern @entity1 center, requirements for the physician, the influence of improved metabolic control on late complications (prevention or regression), the possibility for a portable closed-loop system, and future outlook. The primary author is the founder of an international study group on @entity1 treatment with implantable @entity4 delivery devices. The common goals of this study group will also be presented. Special emphasis will be placed on a differentiated approach to treatment of Type I and @entity3 with a family of devices. Clinical work and results from a large @entity0 group will be included throughout.

title: Controlled drug delivery in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Laparoscopic adhesiolysis for chronic @entity2 is subject for criticism. In this prospective study, we analyze factors that encourage or discourage the indication for therapeutic laparoscopic adhesiolysis. Two hundred twenty-four consecutive @entity0 with chronic @entity2 underwent diagnostic laparoscopy, and in case of adhesions, they underwent adhesiolysis. @entity1 relief was assessed, and the individual impact of variables on @entity1 relief was determined. Laparoscopy was performed in 224 @entity0 . Two hundred @entity0 had only adhesions and underwent primary laparoscopic adhesiolysis. Three months after adhesiolysis, 74% of @entity0 were @entity1 -free or had @entity1 . The remaining 26% of the @entity0 felt no change (22%) or had more @entity1 (4%). Gender, age, and bowel perforation leading to a laparotomy appear to be individual factors significantly influencing @entity1 relief. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis can be done (almost) completely in 92% of @entity0 with adhesions. After laparoscopic adhesiolysis, 74% of @entity0 had good results and 4% had more @entity1 . The complication rate is high.

title: A prospective analysis of predictive factors on the results of laparoscopic adhesiolysis in @entity0 with chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Laparoscopic adhesiolysis for chronic @entity2 is subject for criticism. In this prospective study, we analyze factors that encourage or discourage the indication for therapeutic laparoscopic adhesiolysis. Two hundred twenty-four consecutive @entity0 with chronic @entity2 underwent diagnostic laparoscopy, and in case of adhesions, they underwent adhesiolysis. @entity1 relief was assessed, and the individual impact of variables on @entity1 relief was determined. Laparoscopy was performed in 224 @entity0 . Two hundred @entity0 had only adhesions and underwent primary laparoscopic adhesiolysis. Three months after adhesiolysis, 74% of @entity0 were @entity1 -free or had @entity1 . The remaining 26% of the @entity0 felt no change (22%) or had more @entity1 (4%). Gender, age, and bowel perforation leading to a laparotomy appear to be individual factors significantly influencing @entity1 relief. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis can be done (almost) completely in 92% of @entity0 with adhesions. After laparoscopic adhesiolysis, 74% of @entity0 had good results and 4% had more @entity1 . The complication rate is high.

title: A prospective analysis of predictive factors on the results of laparoscopic adhesiolysis in XXXX with chronic @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Laparoscopic repair of ventral abdominal wall hernias involves intraperitoneal placement of a mesh, which may lead to adhesion formation and bowel fistulation. The first series of selected @entity0 with ventral abdominal wall hernias treated laparoscopically by extraperitoneal placement of a @entity4 mesh is presented. Thirty-four @entity0 (24 @entity0 and 10 @entity0 ; median age, 52 years [range, 34-70]) were selected from among 122 @entity0 undergoing @entity3 repair. Of these @entity0 , 18 had a primary ventral @entity2 and 16 had an incisional @entity1 . After reduction of sac contents and adhesiolysis intraperitoneally, a large flap of peritoneum (with extraperitoneal fat, fascia, and posterior rectus sheath where present) was raised to accommodate a suitably sized @entity4 mesh, which was then covered again with the peritoneal flap at the end of the procedure. Intraoperatively, apart from circumcision of the hernial sac at the neck, a total of 24 iatrogenic peritoneal tears occurred in 20 @entity0 , mainly at the site of the previous scar. In two @entity0 , it was observed that greater than 25% of the mesh was exposed after the procedure. The median (+/-SD) duration of hospitalization postoperatively was 1 day (+/-0.56). One @entity0 's @entity1 recurred 4 months after surgery, and one @entity0 's infected mesh was removed 8 months after surgery. Laparoscopic extraperitoneal placement of a mesh is feasible and appears to be an advance over laparoscopic intraperitoneal mesh placement for ventral abdominal wall hernias in selected @entity0 . However, longer follow-up and controlled clinical trials will be necessary before any firm conclusions can be drawn.

title: XXXX repair with extraperitoneal mesh: surgical technique and early results.

answer: @entity3


abstract: There are several methods for treatment of @entity3 . These include drainage by open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, or percutaneous catheterization. In this report a new therapeutic approach is presented. A 47-year-old @entity0 admitted to the hospital had an abscess 12 cm in diameter, originating from the left liver lobe. After the @entity0 's permission was obtained, a laparoscopic trocar was inserted into the abscess with the @entity0 under local anesthesia in the operating room. A 28-French chest tube catheter was introduced through the trocar cannula, and approximately 1,000 mL of pus was drained. There were no complications, and the @entity0 was discharged on the same day. After computed tomography showed an obliterated @entity2 , the drain was removed on postoperative day 7. The pus culture, performed on the day of surgery, was found to be positive for @entity1 , which was responsive to cefaclor. Oral antibiotic therapy was given for 1 month. At follow-up 2 months after surgery, the @entity0 was asymptomatic. This report describes the first case of a @entity3 drained by a laparoscopic trocar with local anesthesia. This method can be the treatment of choice for some easily accessible liver abscesses.

title: XXXX via laparoscopic trocar with local anesthesia.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The " @entity1 ," caused by migration of the internal bumper into the gastric walls, is a rare complication of @entity2 . The internal bumper becomes completely overgrown by gastric mucosa. Localization of internal bumpers in relation to the layers of the gastric wall was investigated with catheter probe US to define the optimal therapeutic strategy for @entity2 removal. METHODS: Eleven @entity0 with the @entity1 were encountered within 40 months. The internal bumper was localized endosonographically within the gastric and abdominal layers with a 20 MHz catheter US probe. In case of intramural localization, endoscopic extraction was attempted; extramurally located bumpers were removed surgically. OBSERVATIONS: In 8 @entity0 with an intramural internal bumper, endoscopic @entity2 removal was achieved without major complication. Mild bleeding after needle knife incision in one case was successfully treated by clip application. In the 3 remaining @entity0 with extragastric localization of the bumper, the @entity2 was surgically removed. CONCLUSION: The position of the internal bumper within the layers of the gastric and abdominal wall can be determined by EUS with high-resolution catheter probes, thereby indicating the appropriate therapeutic approach.

title: XXXX : treatment guided by catheter probe US.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The authors describe the case history of a @entity0 who suffered from symptoms deriving from two different origins. The @entity0 's voice was @entity2 interrupted and pressed. At the same time, his voice was powerless, too. The reason for this was that besides the @entity2 caused by @entity1 , an incomplete closure of the vocal cords during phonation in the middle third was present. It was caused by the @entity3 . In order to eliminate the symptoms, initially we injected 25 IU Botox into the left vocal cord transcutaneously under the direction of EMG control. It resulted in a fluent, though breathy voice. In order to manage the closing insufficiency during phonation, we performed lipoaugmentation on the left vocal cord under high-frequency jet anaesthesia. The result of the two-step procedure was a fluent and clear voice. The speech without interruption lasted for 5 months, until the drug was eliminated. Of course, to prolong the result, the Botox injection should be repeated.

title: XXXX combined with insufficient glottic closure by phonation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This prospective study was carried out in order to assess the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of @entity1 . One hundred and twenty eight alcoholic @entity0 were included. A careful ultrasonographic examination of the liver was performed before liver biopsy (100 @entity0 ). In 15 cases, liver histology was normal, @entity6 and/or @entity1 , @entity1 were diagnosed in 13 and 72 cases respectively. Ultrasonic patterns were classified by the same examiner, according to several criteria: volume, irregular outline, coarse and fine bright echo pattern, attenuation of the ultrasound beam, @entity3 , @entity5 , portal @entity2 . @entity1 was diagnosed in 58 out of 72 @entity0 (80.5%). Specificity was 78.5%, positive and negative predictive values were 90.6% and 61% respectively, and global efficacy was 80%. Irregular outline (0.66), @entity4 (0.66) and attenuation of the ultrasound beam (0.64) were the best signs. In case of fine bright echo pattern, the diagnosis of @entity1 would be missed. The results suggest that ultrasonography is a good test for screening alcoholics for @entity1 . Therefore, it is useful when liver biopsy is contra indicated or refused or when liver is not detected at the clinical examination.

title: [Value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of cirrhoses. Prospective study of 128 XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since its inception, the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology ( @entity6 ) has been widely adopted. Each category conveys a risk of @entity2 and recommended next steps, though it is unclear if each category also predicts the type and extent of @entity2 . If so, this would greatly expand the utility of the @entity6 by providing prognostic information in addition to baseline @entity2 risk. METHODS: All @entity0 prospectively enrolled into the authors' thyroid nodule database from 1995 to 2013 with histologically proven @entity2 were analyzed. The primary ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (AUS, atypia of unknown significance; @entity2 ; SUSP, suspicious; M, malignant) was correlated with the type of @entity4 and histological features known to impact prognosis and recurrence, including lymph node @entity1 (LNM), @entity1 , and extrathyroidal extension (ETE). Primary cytology was separately correlated with higher risk @entity2 . RESULTS: A total of 1291 @entity2 were identified, with primary cytology AUS in 130 cases, FN in 241 cases, SUSP in 411 cases, and M in 509 cases. AUS, SUSP, and M cytology were progressively associated with an increasing risk of high-risk disease (p   <   0.001), LNM (p   <   0.001), ETE (p   <   0.001), and margin positivity (p   <   0.001). Notably, 71% of @entity2 with AUS cytology were follicular variants of @entity5 compared with 63% with SUSP cytology and only 20% with M cytology. In contrast, high-risk @entity2 were diagnosed in only 4% with AUS cytology, but 9% and 27% with SUSP and M cytology, respectively. FN conveyed a significantly increased risk of @entity4 compared with all other types (28% vs. 2%; p   <   0.001). A composite endpoint of recurrence, distant metastases, and @entity3 similarly increased as cytology progressed from AUS to SUSP to M (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: In addition to predicting @entity2 prevalence, the @entity6 also imparts important prognostic information about @entity2 type, variant, and risk of recurrence. These data extend the utility of @entity6 classification by fostering an improved understanding of the risk posed by any confirmed @entity2 .

title: Bethesda Categorization of Thyroid Nodule Cytology and Prediction of XXXX Type and Prognosis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 containing structures in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex of the @entity0 were visualized by an immunocytochemical method using @entity2 fixation and an antiserum developed against a @entity3 - @entity2 -protein conjugate. Labelled elements (perikarya and cell processes) were observed to be distributed throughout the layers of the cerebral cortex in a pattern similar to that described using @entity1 decarboxylase immunocytochemistry. The morphological features of many immunoreactive cell bodies were typical of stellate neurons. In the cerebellar cortex, Purkinje, basket, Golgi and stellate, cell bodies were found to be immunoreactive along with numerous labelled neuronal processes. At the ultrastructural level, the labelled processes in both areas corresponded to immunoreactive dendrites and fibres. Labelled synaptic boutons, generally of the symmetrical type, could also be seen in contact with positive or negative cell bodies and dendrites. In the cerebellum, glomeruli could be clearly identified including mossy fibres surrounded by unlabelled dendrites in contact with immunoreactive terminals. At the subcellular level in both brain regions, the areas occupied by the Golgi apparatus were never labelled, although the nuclei had varied reactions. The strong @entity2 fixation that limits the diffusion of @entity3 limits also antibody diffusion. However, this fixation is compatible with a good morphological preservation and should enable immunocytochemistry studies to be compared to other methods such as autoradiography.

title: Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of XXXX in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex of the @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 containing structures in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex of the @entity0 were visualized by an immunocytochemical method using @entity2 fixation and an antiserum developed against a @entity3 - @entity2 -protein conjugate. Labelled elements (perikarya and cell processes) were observed to be distributed throughout the layers of the cerebral cortex in a pattern similar to that described using @entity1 decarboxylase immunocytochemistry. The morphological features of many immunoreactive cell bodies were typical of stellate neurons. In the cerebellar cortex, Purkinje, basket, Golgi and stellate, cell bodies were found to be immunoreactive along with numerous labelled neuronal processes. At the ultrastructural level, the labelled processes in both areas corresponded to immunoreactive dendrites and fibres. Labelled synaptic boutons, generally of the symmetrical type, could also be seen in contact with positive or negative cell bodies and dendrites. In the cerebellum, glomeruli could be clearly identified including mossy fibres surrounded by unlabelled dendrites in contact with immunoreactive terminals. At the subcellular level in both brain regions, the areas occupied by the Golgi apparatus were never labelled, although the nuclei had varied reactions. The strong @entity2 fixation that limits the diffusion of @entity3 limits also antibody diffusion. However, this fixation is compatible with a good morphological preservation and should enable immunocytochemistry studies to be compared to other methods such as autoradiography.

title: Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of @entity3 in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AF is frequent after cardiac surgery. However, @entity1 are less known. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the causes and the prognostic significance of severe @entity1 occurring after cardiac surgery. For 10 years, among 2,100 cardiac surgeries, 16 (0.8%) @entity0 (13 @entity0 , 3 @entity0 ; age 49-71 years, mean 62 +/- 9 years) without previous @entity1 , with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, and without acute cause of @entity1 , developed VF (n = 4) or a sustained VT between 3 days and 3 weeks after cardiac surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting [n = 6], valve replacement [n = 10]). Rapid AF (n = 5) or slow AF (n = 1) were present at the time of VT/VF. Programmed ventricular stimulation occurred after up to three extrastimuli in the basal state and after infusion of 20-30 micrograms of @entity4 . An echocardiogram, coronary angiography, Holter monitoring with heart rate variability (HRV) study were performed. Ventricular stimulation was negative in six @entity0 (with AF); sustained and clinical VT was induced in 10 @entity0 with a left ventricular ejection fraction > 0.40, except in one @entity0 . Valvular prothesis and coronary bypass graftings were normal. In all @entity0 , HRV was normal before surgery and decreased after cardiac surgery; before versus after surgery, respectively, HR 69 +/- 9 and 89 +/- 30 beats/min (P < 0.01), SDNN 117 +/- 31 and 50 +/- 11 ms (P < 0.001), low frequency (LF) 474 +/- 658 and 51 +/- 40 ms2 (P < 0.05), high frequency (HF) 115 +/- 23 and 33 +/- 32 ms2 (P < 0.05), LF:HF 4 +/- 3 and 1 +/- 0.6 (P < 0.01). Follow-up lasted from 6 months to 10 years (mean 3 +/- 2 years). In @entity0 without induced VT, 1 @entity0 died from asystole, 1 had an @entity2 but no subsequent events, and the other 4 untreated @entity0 are free of events. @entity0 with induced VT were treated with @entity3 and beta-blockers except in one @entity0 who died from extracardiac complications. Six of nine @entity0 had no inducible VT with this treatment and are alive; 3 @entity0 had inducible VT, 1 died suddenly before implantation of @entity2 , and 2 @entity0 are alive with an @entity2 ; recurrent VTs were noted in one @entity0 and received an @entity2 . In conclusion, recent heart surgery may increase the risk of @entity1 . The reduction of indexes reflecting sympathetic and parasympathetic tone could facilitate the occurrence of @entity1 (and then VT) in @entity0 without ventricular arrhythmogenic substrate or the development of VT/VF in @entity0 with a latent previous ventricular arrhythmogenic substrate. In @entity0 without inducible VT, the prognosis is excellent and an @entity2 is not recommended in these @entity0 . In those with inducible VT, there is a high incidence of responders to antiarrhythmic drugs with a favorable prognosis.

title: Postoperative XXXX after cardiac surgery: immediate- and long-term significance.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Essentials Prediction models may help to identify @entity0 at high risk of @entity5 on antiplatelet therapy. We identified existing prediction models for @entity5 and validated them in @entity0 with @entity8 . Five prediction models were identified, all of which had some methodological shortcomings. Performance in @entity0 with @entity8 was poor. SUMMARY: Background Antiplatelet therapy is widely used in secondary prevention after a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or @entity4 . Bleeding is the main adverse effect of antiplatelet therapy and is potentially life threatening. Identification of @entity0 at increased risk of @entity5 may help target antiplatelet therapy. Objective This study sought to identify existing prediction models for @entity6 or @entity5 in patients on antiplatelet therapy and evaluate their performance in @entity0 with @entity8 . Methods We systematically searched PubMed and Embase for existing prediction models up to December 2014. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the CHARMS checklist. Prediction models were externally validated in the @entity2 Prevention Study 2, comprising 6602 @entity0 with a @entity1 or @entity4 . We assessed discrimination and calibration of included prediction models. Results Five prediction models were identified, of which two were developed in @entity0 with previous @entity8 . Three studies assessed @entity5 , one studied @entity7 and one @entity3 . None of the studies met all criteria of good quality. External validation showed poor discriminative performance, with c-statistics ranging from 0.53 to 0.64 and poor calibration. Conclusion A limited number of prediction models is available that predict @entity6 or @entity5 in patients on antiplatelet therapy. The methodological quality of the models varied, but was generally low. Predictive performance in @entity0 with @entity8 was poor. In order to reliably predict the risk of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity8 , development of a prediction model according to current methodological standards is needed.

title: Prediction models for XXXX or @entity5 in patients on antiplatelet therapy: a systematic review and external validation study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Essentials Prediction models may help to identify @entity0 at high risk of @entity5 on antiplatelet therapy. We identified existing prediction models for @entity5 and validated them in @entity0 with @entity8 . Five prediction models were identified, all of which had some methodological shortcomings. Performance in @entity0 with @entity8 was poor. SUMMARY: Background Antiplatelet therapy is widely used in secondary prevention after a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or @entity4 . Bleeding is the main adverse effect of antiplatelet therapy and is potentially life threatening. Identification of @entity0 at increased risk of @entity5 may help target antiplatelet therapy. Objective This study sought to identify existing prediction models for @entity6 or @entity5 in patients on antiplatelet therapy and evaluate their performance in @entity0 with @entity8 . Methods We systematically searched PubMed and Embase for existing prediction models up to December 2014. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the CHARMS checklist. Prediction models were externally validated in the @entity2 Prevention Study 2, comprising 6602 @entity0 with a @entity1 or @entity4 . We assessed discrimination and calibration of included prediction models. Results Five prediction models were identified, of which two were developed in @entity0 with previous @entity8 . Three studies assessed @entity5 , one studied @entity7 and one @entity3 . None of the studies met all criteria of good quality. External validation showed poor discriminative performance, with c-statistics ranging from 0.53 to 0.64 and poor calibration. Conclusion A limited number of prediction models is available that predict @entity6 or @entity5 in patients on antiplatelet therapy. The methodological quality of the models varied, but was generally low. Predictive performance in @entity0 with @entity8 was poor. In order to reliably predict the risk of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity8 , development of a prediction model according to current methodological standards is needed.

title: Prediction models for @entity6 or XXXX in patients on antiplatelet therapy: a systematic review and external validation study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Palmar erythema may be either congenital or acquired, hereditary or non-hereditary. Its diagnosis and management differs according to whether or not it is acquired, hereditary or associated with symptoms. Herein, we report the case of a @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity2 ). OBSERVATION: A 2  -year-old @entity0 consulted for @entity5 , present since birth, predominantly on the thenar and hypothenar eminences and on the palmar aspect of her fingers. She also presented mild diffuse erythema on the soles of her feet. Both her mother and grandmother had similar signs. The @entity0 had neither impairment nor @entity1 linked to this erythema, and she had no associated symptoms. Physical examination was otherwise normal, as were the results of standard laboratory tests. DISCUSSION: We diagnosed @entity2 based on the @entity0 's hereditary erythema with autosomal dominant transmission, and the congenital and asymptomatic nature of her @entity3 . Nine publications have reported cases of @entity2 , but this condition is probably highly under-reported.

title: [ XXXX hereditarium ( @entity2 ): Report of a paediatric case].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Palmar erythema may be either congenital or acquired, hereditary or non-hereditary. Its diagnosis and management differs according to whether or not it is acquired, hereditary or associated with symptoms. Herein, we report the case of a @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity2 ). OBSERVATION: A 2  -year-old @entity0 consulted for @entity5 , present since birth, predominantly on the thenar and hypothenar eminences and on the palmar aspect of her fingers. She also presented mild diffuse erythema on the soles of her feet. Both her mother and grandmother had similar signs. The @entity0 had neither impairment nor @entity1 linked to this erythema, and she had no associated symptoms. Physical examination was otherwise normal, as were the results of standard laboratory tests. DISCUSSION: We diagnosed @entity2 based on the @entity0 's hereditary erythema with autosomal dominant transmission, and the congenital and asymptomatic nature of her @entity3 . Nine publications have reported cases of @entity2 , but this condition is probably highly under-reported.

title: [ @entity5 hereditarium ( XXXX ): Report of a paediatric case].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether modem technology allows for effective management of type 1 @entity1 when used in lieu of a clinic visit. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 70 adolescent @entity0 with @entity1 were prospectively randomized to either a control group or a modem group. Control group @entity0 continued the standard of care of quarterly clinic visits, and modem group @entity0 were instructed to transmit blood @entity2 data every 2 weeks for 6 months instead of a usual quarterly clinic visit. Health care providers analyzed the data received by modem and contacted @entity0 to discuss @entity1 treatment changes. GHbA(1c) levels were determined at 0 and 6 months, and the number of high and low blood @entity2 levels and adverse events were tracked. Clinic visit costs, @entity0 expenses, and health care provider times were tracked for cost analysis for both groups. RESULTS: A total of 63 @entity0 (33 control, 30 modem) completed the 6-month study. The GHbA(1c) values significantly decreased in both groups, with no statistically significant difference between groups (P = 0.96). The occurrence of mild-to-moderate hypoglycemic events were similar in the two groups, and there were no severe hypoglycemic events. The average cost of care for a clinic visit was  305.00, whereas the cost for 6 months of modem transmission was  163.00. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that electronic transmission of blood @entity2 levels and other @entity1 data every 2 weeks-in lieu of a clinic visit-results in a similar level of @entity2 control and incidence of @entity3 when compared with current standard care.

title: Modem transmission of XXXX values reduces the costs and need for clinic visits.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Secondary to @entity6 , @entity5 is a proven risk factor for foot ulceration. But limited joint mobility (LJM) and soft tissue abnormalities may also contribute. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships among @entity4 , mobility of the metatarso-phalangeal joint, and forces expressed under the metatarsal heads. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated 61 @entity1 @entity0 : 27 without @entity2 (D group), 19 with @entity2 (DN group), and 15 with previous @entity5 (DNPU group). We also examined 21 control subjects (C). Ultrasound evaluation was performed with a high resolution 8- to 10-MHz linear array (Toshiba Tosbee SSA 240). The foot loading pattern was evaluated with a piezo-dynamometric platform. First metatarso-phalangeal joint mobility was assessed with a mechanic goniometer. RESULTS: @entity1 @entity0 presented @entity3 (D 2.9 +/- 1.2 mm, DN 3.0 +/- 0.8 mm, DNPU 3.1 +/- 1.0 mm, and C 2.0 +/- 0.5.mm; P < 0.05), and significantly reduced motion range at the metatarso-phalangeal joint (D 54.0 +/- 29.4 degrees, DN 54.9 +/- 17.2 degrees, DNPU 46.8 +/- 20.7 degrees, and C 100.0 +/- 10.0 degrees; P < 0.05). The evaluation of foot-floor interaction under the metatarsal heads showed increased vertical forces in DN and DNPU and increased medio-lateral forces in DNPU. An inverse correlation was found between the @entity4 and metatarso-phalangeal joint mobility (r = -0.53). The @entity4 was directly correlated with vertical forces under the metatarsal heads (r = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 @entity0 , soft tissue involvement may contribute to the increase of vertical forces under the metatarsal heads. Changes in the structure of @entity5 may also influence the mobility of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint.

title: Contribution of XXXX to the increased forefoot pressures in @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Secondary to @entity6 , @entity5 is a proven risk factor for foot ulceration. But limited joint mobility (LJM) and soft tissue abnormalities may also contribute. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships among @entity4 , mobility of the metatarso-phalangeal joint, and forces expressed under the metatarsal heads. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated 61 @entity1 @entity0 : 27 without @entity2 (D group), 19 with @entity2 (DN group), and 15 with previous @entity5 (DNPU group). We also examined 21 control subjects (C). Ultrasound evaluation was performed with a high resolution 8- to 10-MHz linear array (Toshiba Tosbee SSA 240). The foot loading pattern was evaluated with a piezo-dynamometric platform. First metatarso-phalangeal joint mobility was assessed with a mechanic goniometer. RESULTS: @entity1 @entity0 presented @entity3 (D 2.9 +/- 1.2 mm, DN 3.0 +/- 0.8 mm, DNPU 3.1 +/- 1.0 mm, and C 2.0 +/- 0.5.mm; P < 0.05), and significantly reduced motion range at the metatarso-phalangeal joint (D 54.0 +/- 29.4 degrees, DN 54.9 +/- 17.2 degrees, DNPU 46.8 +/- 20.7 degrees, and C 100.0 +/- 10.0 degrees; P < 0.05). The evaluation of foot-floor interaction under the metatarsal heads showed increased vertical forces in DN and DNPU and increased medio-lateral forces in DNPU. An inverse correlation was found between the @entity4 and metatarso-phalangeal joint mobility (r = -0.53). The @entity4 was directly correlated with vertical forces under the metatarsal heads (r = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 @entity0 , soft tissue involvement may contribute to the increase of vertical forces under the metatarsal heads. Changes in the structure of @entity5 may also influence the mobility of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint.

title: Contribution of @entity5 to the increased forefoot pressures in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Secondary to @entity6 , @entity5 is a proven risk factor for foot ulceration. But limited joint mobility (LJM) and soft tissue abnormalities may also contribute. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships among @entity4 , mobility of the metatarso-phalangeal joint, and forces expressed under the metatarsal heads. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated 61 @entity1 @entity0 : 27 without @entity2 (D group), 19 with @entity2 (DN group), and 15 with previous @entity5 (DNPU group). We also examined 21 control subjects (C). Ultrasound evaluation was performed with a high resolution 8- to 10-MHz linear array (Toshiba Tosbee SSA 240). The foot loading pattern was evaluated with a piezo-dynamometric platform. First metatarso-phalangeal joint mobility was assessed with a mechanic goniometer. RESULTS: @entity1 @entity0 presented @entity3 (D 2.9 +/- 1.2 mm, DN 3.0 +/- 0.8 mm, DNPU 3.1 +/- 1.0 mm, and C 2.0 +/- 0.5.mm; P < 0.05), and significantly reduced motion range at the metatarso-phalangeal joint (D 54.0 +/- 29.4 degrees, DN 54.9 +/- 17.2 degrees, DNPU 46.8 +/- 20.7 degrees, and C 100.0 +/- 10.0 degrees; P < 0.05). The evaluation of foot-floor interaction under the metatarsal heads showed increased vertical forces in DN and DNPU and increased medio-lateral forces in DNPU. An inverse correlation was found between the @entity4 and metatarso-phalangeal joint mobility (r = -0.53). The @entity4 was directly correlated with vertical forces under the metatarsal heads (r = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 @entity0 , soft tissue involvement may contribute to the increase of vertical forces under the metatarsal heads. Changes in the structure of @entity5 may also influence the mobility of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint.

title: Contribution of @entity5 to the increased forefoot pressures in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Evidence suggests a role of @entity5 and the ratio of @entity6 : @entity5 intakes in the prevention of @entity4 . The association between these nutrients and @entity3 - a @entity0 with increasing incidence in developed countries and poor survival rates - has yet to be explored. The aim of this investigation was to explore the association between @entity5 intake and related nutrients and risk of @entity3 and its precursor conditions, @entity2 and @entity1 . This analysis included cases of @entity3 (n 218), @entity2 (n 212), @entity1 (n 208) and population-based controls (n 252) recruited between 2002 and 2005 throughout the island of Ireland. All the subjects completed a 101-item FFQ. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied to determine odds of disease according to dietary intakes of @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity6 : @entity5 ratio. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals consuming the highest amounts of @entity5 from foods had significant reductions in the odds of @entity1 (OR 0  31; 95 % CI 0  11, 0  87) and @entity2 (OR 0  29; 95 % CI 0  12, 0  71) compared with individuals consuming the lowest amounts of @entity5 . The protective effect of @entity5 was more apparent in the context of a low @entity6 : @entity5 intake ratio. No significant associations were observed for @entity5 intake and @entity3 risk (OR 0  77; 95 % CI 0  30, 1  99 comparing the highest and the lowest tertiles of consumption). In conclusion, dietary @entity5 intakes were inversely associated with @entity1 and @entity2 risk in this Irish population.

title: Dietary magnesium, calcium:magnesium ratio and risk of XXXX , @entity2 and @entity3 : a population-based case-control study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Evidence suggests a role of @entity5 and the ratio of @entity6 : @entity5 intakes in the prevention of @entity4 . The association between these nutrients and @entity3 - a @entity0 with increasing incidence in developed countries and poor survival rates - has yet to be explored. The aim of this investigation was to explore the association between @entity5 intake and related nutrients and risk of @entity3 and its precursor conditions, @entity2 and @entity1 . This analysis included cases of @entity3 (n 218), @entity2 (n 212), @entity1 (n 208) and population-based controls (n 252) recruited between 2002 and 2005 throughout the island of Ireland. All the subjects completed a 101-item FFQ. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied to determine odds of disease according to dietary intakes of @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity6 : @entity5 ratio. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals consuming the highest amounts of @entity5 from foods had significant reductions in the odds of @entity1 (OR 0  31; 95 % CI 0  11, 0  87) and @entity2 (OR 0  29; 95 % CI 0  12, 0  71) compared with individuals consuming the lowest amounts of @entity5 . The protective effect of @entity5 was more apparent in the context of a low @entity6 : @entity5 intake ratio. No significant associations were observed for @entity5 intake and @entity3 risk (OR 0  77; 95 % CI 0  30, 1  99 comparing the highest and the lowest tertiles of consumption). In conclusion, dietary @entity5 intakes were inversely associated with @entity1 and @entity2 risk in this Irish population.

title: Dietary magnesium, calcium:magnesium ratio and risk of @entity1 , @entity2 and XXXX : a population-based case-control study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Evidence suggests a role of @entity5 and the ratio of @entity6 : @entity5 intakes in the prevention of @entity4 . The association between these nutrients and @entity3 - a @entity0 with increasing incidence in developed countries and poor survival rates - has yet to be explored. The aim of this investigation was to explore the association between @entity5 intake and related nutrients and risk of @entity3 and its precursor conditions, @entity2 and @entity1 . This analysis included cases of @entity3 (n 218), @entity2 (n 212), @entity1 (n 208) and population-based controls (n 252) recruited between 2002 and 2005 throughout the island of Ireland. All the subjects completed a 101-item FFQ. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied to determine odds of disease according to dietary intakes of @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity6 : @entity5 ratio. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals consuming the highest amounts of @entity5 from foods had significant reductions in the odds of @entity1 (OR 0  31; 95 % CI 0  11, 0  87) and @entity2 (OR 0  29; 95 % CI 0  12, 0  71) compared with individuals consuming the lowest amounts of @entity5 . The protective effect of @entity5 was more apparent in the context of a low @entity6 : @entity5 intake ratio. No significant associations were observed for @entity5 intake and @entity3 risk (OR 0  77; 95 % CI 0  30, 1  99 comparing the highest and the lowest tertiles of consumption). In conclusion, dietary @entity5 intakes were inversely associated with @entity1 and @entity2 risk in this Irish population.

title: Dietary magnesium, calcium:magnesium ratio and risk of @entity1 , XXXX and @entity3 : a population-based case-control study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In 1983, approximately 40 000 @entity0 in France and 5 760 @entity0 in Switzerland suffered from @entity3 , representing more than 0.1% of their respective populations. The functional disability of these @entity0 is particularly impressive and emphasizes the medical, social and economic importance of this problem. The @entity3 is restricted to non-progressive @entity7 , already observed at an early age and due to @entity2 . These @entity7 can be of @entity10 . Their epidemiology, classification, etiology, pathology, early diagnosis and evolution are extensively reviewed by Th. Deonna. The difficulty in evaluation of treatment is the absence of a generally accepted rating scale. G. Broggi has proposed one on the basis of a large experience which could serve in the future for more objective evaluation. This monograph is devoted to the functional neurosurgical treatment of @entity3 . Physiotherapy and rehabilitation are part of the basic treatment of @entity3 , and must be continued after any neurosurgical treatment. Various conservative methods of treatment and their neurophysiological rationale are mentioned by P. Claverie. Some technical devices which improve the @entity1 and facilitate rehabilitation are presented. Radiculotomies and neurotomies are probably the oldest neurosurgical operations for the treatment of @entity5 . The neurophysiological and neuroanatomical basis of this therapeutic approach are treated in the review of the material from the neurosurgical department of Montpellier. Sixty cases were collected and the results analysed according to the type of operation (posterior radiculotomy, anterior radiculotomy, mixed) performed. Stereotactic thalamotomies and subthalamotomies are believed to be the best neurosurgical method to treat the @entity4 and improve other @entity6 and @entity9 . The technique and a personal review of 49 cases of @entity3 are presented. The long-term follow-up in this study demonstrates that this type of operation markedly improves the functional disability of @entity0 with moderate @entity9 , moderately improves @entity0 severely affected, but also demonstrates that possible side effects cannot be ignored. Review of the literature indicates the difficulty in interpretation of results due to a lack of objective evaluation. Nevertheless, stereotactic thalamotomy can still be recommended when @entity4 and @entity8 are the most prominent symptoms. Stereotactic dentatotomies in the treatment of @entity5 were very popular 20 years ago, but have been largely forgotten for nearly a decade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Functional neurosurgery of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP) assessed the clinical and economic impact of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) as compared with treatment-as-usual (TAU) in @entity0 served in public mental health centers. This report presents clinical outcomes in @entity0 with a history of @entity2 ( @entity6 ), including @entity2 and @entity5 , @entity2 , during 12 months of treatment beginning March 1998 and ending with the final active @entity0 visit in April 2000. METHOD: @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity2 or @entity5 , @entity2 , according to DSM-IV criteria. @entity1 was comprised of a medication algorithm and manual to guide treatment decisions. Physicians and clinical coordinators received training and expert consultation throughout the project. @entity1 also provided a disorder-specific @entity0 and family education package. TAU clinics had no exposure to the medication algorithms. Quarterly outcome evaluations were obtained by independent raters. @entity7 , based on a declining effects model, was used to assess clinical outcome of @entity1 versus TAU. RESULTS: @entity1 and TAU @entity0 showed significant initial decreases in symptoms (p =.03 and p <.001, respectively) measured by the 24-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-24) at the 3-month assessment interval, with significantly greater effects for the @entity1 group. Limited catch-up by TAU was observed over the remaining 3 quarters. Differences were also observed in measures of @entity2 and @entity4 but not in @entity3 , side-effect burden, or functioning. CONCLUSION: For @entity0 with a history of @entity2 , relative to TAU, the @entity1 intervention package was associated with greater initial and sustained improvement on the primary clinical outcome measure, the BPRS-24, and the secondary outcome measure, the Clinician-Administered Rating Scale for @entity2 (CARS-M). Further research is planned to clarify which elements of the @entity1 package contributed to this between-group difference.

title: Texas Medication Algorithm Project, phase 3 (TMAP-3): clinical results for @entity0 with a history of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP) assessed the clinical and economic impact of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) as compared with treatment-as-usual (TAU) in @entity0 served in public mental health centers. This report presents clinical outcomes in @entity0 with a history of @entity2 ( @entity6 ), including @entity2 and @entity5 , @entity2 , during 12 months of treatment beginning March 1998 and ending with the final active @entity0 visit in April 2000. METHOD: @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity2 or @entity5 , @entity2 , according to DSM-IV criteria. @entity1 was comprised of a medication algorithm and manual to guide treatment decisions. Physicians and clinical coordinators received training and expert consultation throughout the project. @entity1 also provided a disorder-specific @entity0 and family education package. TAU clinics had no exposure to the medication algorithms. Quarterly outcome evaluations were obtained by independent raters. @entity7 , based on a declining effects model, was used to assess clinical outcome of @entity1 versus TAU. RESULTS: @entity1 and TAU @entity0 showed significant initial decreases in symptoms (p =.03 and p <.001, respectively) measured by the 24-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-24) at the 3-month assessment interval, with significantly greater effects for the @entity1 group. Limited catch-up by TAU was observed over the remaining 3 quarters. Differences were also observed in measures of @entity2 and @entity4 but not in @entity3 , side-effect burden, or functioning. CONCLUSION: For @entity0 with a history of @entity2 , relative to TAU, the @entity1 intervention package was associated with greater initial and sustained improvement on the primary clinical outcome measure, the BPRS-24, and the secondary outcome measure, the Clinician-Administered Rating Scale for @entity2 (CARS-M). Further research is planned to clarify which elements of the @entity1 package contributed to this between-group difference.

title: Texas Medication Algorithm Project, phase 3 (TMAP-3): clinical results for XXXX with a history of @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 produces mammary gland @entity2 in one strain of @entity3 and has been classified as an endocrine modulator. Epidemiologic studies have reported associations between agricultural use of @entity5 and several forms of @entity2 . This study evaluated mortality patterns among workers at a plant that made @entity5 and other @entity6 herbicides. The study covered the time period 1970-1997 and included 2213 @entity0 employed for at least 6 mo in operations related to the manufacture or formulation of @entity5 and other @entity6 herbicides at a plant in Louisiana (LA). Vital status was determined for all but six subjects. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) compared employees' mortality rates with those of the LA industrial corridor general population. Subjects had a total of 32,473 @entity0 -years of observation and a median of 15.8 yr since hire. There were 84 observed/118 expected deaths from all causes combined (SMR = 72, CI = 57-89) and 22/21 total @entity2 deaths (SMR = 106, CI = 66-160). Subjects had 4/1.1 deaths from @entity4 (SMR = 372, CI = 101-952); this increase was not concentrated in the subgroup with long duration of employment and many years since hire. There were 6/4.8 (SMR = 124, CI = 46-271) digestive @entity2 and 7/6.3 (SMR = 112, CI = 45-230) @entity1 deaths. Data on other forms of @entity2 were sparse. This study was limited by its small size, by the relatively young age and short follow-up of its subjects, and by the lack of exposure data. It did not provide evidence that employment in @entity6 herbicide manufacturing and formulating operations was associated causally with overall or cause-specific mortality.

title: Mortality among XXXX herbicide manufacturing workers.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in @entity5 has been the subject of many studies, which have become more numerous since K  berle's pioneering work in the 1950s, showing the partial or total destruction of cardiac neurons. In order to investigate ANS involvement in the pathogenesis of chronic @entity5 , seventy-five @entity0 with the condition were examined and divided into four groups, according to the Los Andes classification: I-A, I-B, II and III. Groups I-A and I-B included @entity0 at an early stage of @entity1 ; group II, @entity0 at an advanced stage without @entity2 ( @entity2 ); and group III, @entity0 at an advanced stage with @entity2 . @entity4 (NE) levels were measured in 24 h urine collected from fifty-two chronic @entity5 @entity0 (69%); twelve cardiopathic @entity0 of other etiologies, in functional class IV of the New York Heart Association (NYHA), selected as the control group; and ten normal individuals. 24-hour Holter monitoring was performed in fifty-six @entity0 (74.6%) to assess heart rate variability (HRV). HRV parameters were analyzed and distributed according to the Los Andes classification. @entity4 levels were significantly higher (p = 0.0001) in the controls (non- @entity5 @entity0 , NYHA IV) than in group III (chronic @entity5 @entity0 ) according to the Los Andes classification. Reduction of HRV was observed in @entity5 @entity0 , but unrelated to functional class, and the indices reflecting parasympathetic activity (pNN50 and rMSSD) were increased in our @entity5 @entity0 . Our study concluded that the NE levels in @entity5 @entity0 in an advanced stage of @entity1 (group III) did not rise as in cardiopathic @entity0 of other etiologies with a similar degree of @entity1 , which might be interpreted as an @entity6 in the cases studied, but the increased levels of NE in groups I-A and I-B of the @entity5 @entity0 can be interpreted as an early @entity6 (sympathetic). HRV was reduced in our @entity0 , but the indices reflecting parasympathetic activity (pNN50 and rMSSD) were preserved in almost all @entity5 @entity0 . However, the pNN50 index was reduced in group I-A, suggesting that @entity7 may be an early phenomenon and may precede @entity3 .

title: XXXX and heart rate variability: a marker of @entity7 in chronic @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in @entity5 has been the subject of many studies, which have become more numerous since K  berle's pioneering work in the 1950s, showing the partial or total destruction of cardiac neurons. In order to investigate ANS involvement in the pathogenesis of chronic @entity5 , seventy-five @entity0 with the condition were examined and divided into four groups, according to the Los Andes classification: I-A, I-B, II and III. Groups I-A and I-B included @entity0 at an early stage of @entity1 ; group II, @entity0 at an advanced stage without @entity2 ( @entity2 ); and group III, @entity0 at an advanced stage with @entity2 . @entity4 (NE) levels were measured in 24 h urine collected from fifty-two chronic @entity5 @entity0 (69%); twelve cardiopathic @entity0 of other etiologies, in functional class IV of the New York Heart Association (NYHA), selected as the control group; and ten normal individuals. 24-hour Holter monitoring was performed in fifty-six @entity0 (74.6%) to assess heart rate variability (HRV). HRV parameters were analyzed and distributed according to the Los Andes classification. @entity4 levels were significantly higher (p = 0.0001) in the controls (non- @entity5 @entity0 , NYHA IV) than in group III (chronic @entity5 @entity0 ) according to the Los Andes classification. Reduction of HRV was observed in @entity5 @entity0 , but unrelated to functional class, and the indices reflecting parasympathetic activity (pNN50 and rMSSD) were increased in our @entity5 @entity0 . Our study concluded that the NE levels in @entity5 @entity0 in an advanced stage of @entity1 (group III) did not rise as in cardiopathic @entity0 of other etiologies with a similar degree of @entity1 , which might be interpreted as an @entity6 in the cases studied, but the increased levels of NE in groups I-A and I-B of the @entity5 @entity0 can be interpreted as an early @entity6 (sympathetic). HRV was reduced in our @entity0 , but the indices reflecting parasympathetic activity (pNN50 and rMSSD) were preserved in almost all @entity5 @entity0 . However, the pNN50 index was reduced in group I-A, suggesting that @entity7 may be an early phenomenon and may precede @entity3 .

title: @entity4 and heart rate variability: a marker of XXXX in chronic @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in @entity5 has been the subject of many studies, which have become more numerous since K  berle's pioneering work in the 1950s, showing the partial or total destruction of cardiac neurons. In order to investigate ANS involvement in the pathogenesis of chronic @entity5 , seventy-five @entity0 with the condition were examined and divided into four groups, according to the Los Andes classification: I-A, I-B, II and III. Groups I-A and I-B included @entity0 at an early stage of @entity1 ; group II, @entity0 at an advanced stage without @entity2 ( @entity2 ); and group III, @entity0 at an advanced stage with @entity2 . @entity4 (NE) levels were measured in 24 h urine collected from fifty-two chronic @entity5 @entity0 (69%); twelve cardiopathic @entity0 of other etiologies, in functional class IV of the New York Heart Association (NYHA), selected as the control group; and ten normal individuals. 24-hour Holter monitoring was performed in fifty-six @entity0 (74.6%) to assess heart rate variability (HRV). HRV parameters were analyzed and distributed according to the Los Andes classification. @entity4 levels were significantly higher (p = 0.0001) in the controls (non- @entity5 @entity0 , NYHA IV) than in group III (chronic @entity5 @entity0 ) according to the Los Andes classification. Reduction of HRV was observed in @entity5 @entity0 , but unrelated to functional class, and the indices reflecting parasympathetic activity (pNN50 and rMSSD) were increased in our @entity5 @entity0 . Our study concluded that the NE levels in @entity5 @entity0 in an advanced stage of @entity1 (group III) did not rise as in cardiopathic @entity0 of other etiologies with a similar degree of @entity1 , which might be interpreted as an @entity6 in the cases studied, but the increased levels of NE in groups I-A and I-B of the @entity5 @entity0 can be interpreted as an early @entity6 (sympathetic). HRV was reduced in our @entity0 , but the indices reflecting parasympathetic activity (pNN50 and rMSSD) were preserved in almost all @entity5 @entity0 . However, the pNN50 index was reduced in group I-A, suggesting that @entity7 may be an early phenomenon and may precede @entity3 .

title: @entity4 and heart rate variability: a marker of @entity7 in chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A simple and rapid method able to determine residues of 12 @entity2 ( @entity3 ) antibacterials in @entity0 and trout muscle tissues is presented. This method is based on the matrix solid-phase dispersion technique with hot water as extractant followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The LC-MS instrumentation was equipped with an electrospray source and a single quadrupole. After 0.8 g of a flesh sample containing the analytes is deposited on sand (crystobalite), this material is packed into an extraction cell. @entity3 are extracted by flowing 4 mL of water through the cell heated at 80 degrees C. A 0.5-mL aliquot of the @entity0 tissue extract is then directly injected into the LC column, while the fish tissue extract is filtered prior to LC-MS analysis. MS data acquisition was performed in the positive-ion mode and monitoring at least three ions for each target compound. Confirmatory ions were produced by the in-source collision-induced dissociation process. At the tolerance levels issued by the EU and U.S. Food and Drug Administration, i.e., 100 ppb, recovery of the analytes in @entity0 and trout muscle tissues was 75-98% with @entity1 ranging between 1 and 8%. Estimated limits of quantification (S/N = 10) were 6-15 ppb for @entity3 in @entity0 muscle tissue and 3-13 ppb in trout fillet. When trying to reduce the analysis time by using a short chromatographic run time, severe ion signal suppression was experienced for the early-eluted @entity3 . This effect was traced to competition effects by polar endogenous coextractives, maybe proteinaceous species, which are eluted in the first part of the chromatographic run. This unwelcome effect was removed by simply adopting more selective chromatographic conditions.

title: A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for analyzing @entity2 antibacterials in XXXX and fish muscle tissues.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A simple and rapid method able to determine residues of 12 @entity2 ( @entity3 ) antibacterials in @entity0 and trout muscle tissues is presented. This method is based on the matrix solid-phase dispersion technique with hot water as extractant followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The LC-MS instrumentation was equipped with an electrospray source and a single quadrupole. After 0.8 g of a flesh sample containing the analytes is deposited on sand (crystobalite), this material is packed into an extraction cell. @entity3 are extracted by flowing 4 mL of water through the cell heated at 80 degrees C. A 0.5-mL aliquot of the @entity0 tissue extract is then directly injected into the LC column, while the fish tissue extract is filtered prior to LC-MS analysis. MS data acquisition was performed in the positive-ion mode and monitoring at least three ions for each target compound. Confirmatory ions were produced by the in-source collision-induced dissociation process. At the tolerance levels issued by the EU and U.S. Food and Drug Administration, i.e., 100 ppb, recovery of the analytes in @entity0 and trout muscle tissues was 75-98% with @entity1 ranging between 1 and 8%. Estimated limits of quantification (S/N = 10) were 6-15 ppb for @entity3 in @entity0 muscle tissue and 3-13 ppb in trout fillet. When trying to reduce the analysis time by using a short chromatographic run time, severe ion signal suppression was experienced for the early-eluted @entity3 . This effect was traced to competition effects by polar endogenous coextractives, maybe proteinaceous species, which are eluted in the first part of the chromatographic run. This unwelcome effect was removed by simply adopting more selective chromatographic conditions.

title: A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for analyzing XXXX antibacterials in @entity0 and fish muscle tissues.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical experience of using combined-modality [simultaneous hemodialysis (HD) and @entity2 ( @entity2 )] treatment in @entity0 with @entity3 . DESIGN: We reviewed data on 4 @entity0 from our center that were treated with "combined-mode therapy." We then conducted a retrospective survey by sending questionnaires to nephrologists in the US and Canada by mail and by posting the survey on the Internet. Data queried included number of @entity0 on combined modality, solute clearances, @entity4 levels pre and post combined therapy, reasons for using combined therapy, duration and success of combined therapy, and reimbursement issues. SETTING AND @entity0 : Ours is a tertiary-care center. @entity0 that were not doing well on @entity2 alone were put on combined modality of treatment between 1992 and 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical improvement in the indication for which the @entity0 was started on combined modality. RESULTS: In response to the survey, data on 27 @entity0 were collected. These data were combined with data on 4 @entity0 from our unit that had previously been treated with combined HD and @entity2 . Most @entity0 were reported to have more than one clinical reason for changing from @entity2 to combined therapy. The main clinical reason for offering combined treatments was inadequate solute clearance (34%), followed by ultrafiltration problems (16%) and @entity1 (11%). Mean duration of time followed on combined treatment was 8.5 +/- 0.12 months. Most @entity0 tolerated combined treatment well and were reported to show improvement in the clinical reasons for which they needed the combined modality. Dual access and reimbursement issues were not a problem. There was no single method used for calculating total (HD, @entity2 , and residual renal) solute clearance. No universal total solute clearance goal was reported. CONCLUSION: Hemodialysis and @entity2 are not mutually exclusive. They can be used in combination to achieve targeted solute clearances, to improve certain clinical conditions, and to control volume and blood pressure in a subset of @entity0 . Further evaluation is needed to better establish the long-term outcomes of using combined modality. Total solute clearance goals and methods for determining total solute clearance need to be standardized.

title: Combined XXXX and hemodialysis: our experience compared to others.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over 200000 @entity3 are attributable to @entity1 in the UK and USA every year. Cytological examination of pleural fluid classifies about 60% of malignant effusions. Pleural biopsy needs to be done in the remaining cases. We aimed to assess whether CT-guided biopsy is an improvement over standard pleural biopsy in this setting. METHODS: 50 consecutive @entity0 with cytologically negative suspected @entity5 were recruited. All had a contrast-enhanced thoracic CT scan to assess @entity2 . @entity0 were randomly allocated, stratified by baseline @entity2 , to either Abrams' pleural biopsy (standard care; n=25) or CT-guided cutting needle biopsy (n=25). Sensitivity for @entity1 from the biopsy specimen was the primary endpoint, with the @entity0 's clinical outcome after 1 year being the diagnostic gold standard. Analysis was per protocol. FINDINGS: Three @entity0 did not undergo biopsy. Abrams' biopsy correctly diagnosed @entity1 in eight of 17 @entity0 (sensitivity 47%, specificity 100%, negative predictive value 44%, positive predictive value 100%). CT-guided biopsy correctly diagnosed @entity1 in 13 of 15 (sensitivity 87%, specificity 100%, negative predictive value 80%, positive predictive value 100%; difference in sensitivity between Abrams' and CT-guided 40%, 95% CI 10-69, p=0.02). Diagnostic advantage was similar in @entity0 proving to have @entity4 . INTERPRETATION: Primary use of CT-guided biopsy would avoid doing at least one Abrams' biopsy for every 2.5 CT-guided biopsies undertaken. In cytology-negative suspected @entity5 , CT-guided pleural biopsy is a better diagnostic test than Abrams' pleural biopsy.

title: Standard pleural biopsy versus CT-guided cutting-needle biopsy for diagnosis of XXXX in @entity3 : a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over 200000 @entity3 are attributable to @entity1 in the UK and USA every year. Cytological examination of pleural fluid classifies about 60% of malignant effusions. Pleural biopsy needs to be done in the remaining cases. We aimed to assess whether CT-guided biopsy is an improvement over standard pleural biopsy in this setting. METHODS: 50 consecutive @entity0 with cytologically negative suspected @entity5 were recruited. All had a contrast-enhanced thoracic CT scan to assess @entity2 . @entity0 were randomly allocated, stratified by baseline @entity2 , to either Abrams' pleural biopsy (standard care; n=25) or CT-guided cutting needle biopsy (n=25). Sensitivity for @entity1 from the biopsy specimen was the primary endpoint, with the @entity0 's clinical outcome after 1 year being the diagnostic gold standard. Analysis was per protocol. FINDINGS: Three @entity0 did not undergo biopsy. Abrams' biopsy correctly diagnosed @entity1 in eight of 17 @entity0 (sensitivity 47%, specificity 100%, negative predictive value 44%, positive predictive value 100%). CT-guided biopsy correctly diagnosed @entity1 in 13 of 15 (sensitivity 87%, specificity 100%, negative predictive value 80%, positive predictive value 100%; difference in sensitivity between Abrams' and CT-guided 40%, 95% CI 10-69, p=0.02). Diagnostic advantage was similar in @entity0 proving to have @entity4 . INTERPRETATION: Primary use of CT-guided biopsy would avoid doing at least one Abrams' biopsy for every 2.5 CT-guided biopsies undertaken. In cytology-negative suspected @entity5 , CT-guided pleural biopsy is a better diagnostic test than Abrams' pleural biopsy.

title: Standard pleural biopsy versus CT-guided cutting-needle biopsy for diagnosis of @entity1 in XXXX : a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 bioceramics have been applied as bone substitutes for several decades. @entity5 after @entity6 is a major problem in orthopaedic surgery. @entity4 particles from materials wear have been reported as the main cause of implant failure. For this reason, an investigation into possible wear particles from materials used in the implant may lead to longevity after arthroplasty. Monocytes are among the first cells to colonize the inflammatory site. In the present study, we have evaluated the inflammatory response after exposition to particles with different characteristics (size, sintering temperature and shape). Our data demonstrate that the most important characteristic was the shape and the size of the particles. The needle shaped particles induced the larger production of @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity3 by cells. To a less manner, the smallest particles induced an increase of the expression and production of the cytokines studied ( @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity3 ). The sintering temperature appeared to be a less important characteristic even though it was involved in the dissolution/precipitation process.

title: Importance of XXXX particles characteristics on cytokines production by human monocytes in vitro.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Sequential @entity2 radiograms from @entity1 injected on days @entity3 , E17, E18, and E19 and killed 2 hours after injection and at daily intervals up to day E22 were used to establish the site of origin, migratory route, and settling patterns of neurons of the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basal pontine gray. The nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis neurons, which are produced predominantly on days E15 and @entity3 , derive from the primary precerebellar neuroepithelium. These cells, unlike those of the lateral reticular and external cuneate nuclei, take an anteroventral subpial route, forming the anterior precerebellar extramural migratory stream. This migratory stream reaches the anterior pole of the pons by day E18. In @entity1 injected on day @entity3 and killed on day E18 some of the cells that reach the pons are unlabeled, indicating that they represent the early component of neurons generated on day E15. The cells labeled on day @entity3 begin to settle in the pons on day E19, 3 days after their production. These cells, migrating in an orderly temporal sequence, form a posterodorsal-to-anteroventral gradient in the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis. Unlike the neurons of all the other precerebellar nuclei, the basal pontine gray neurons derive from the secondary precerebellar neuroepithelium. The secondary precerebellar neuroepithelium forms on day @entity3 as an outgrowth of the primary precerebellar neuroepithelium, and it remains mitotically active through day E19, spanning the entire period of basal pontine gray neurogenesis. The secondary precerebellar neuroepithelium is surrounded by a horizontal layer of postmitotic cells, representing the head-waters of the anterior precerebellar extramural migratory stream. In @entity1 injected on day E18 and killed on day E19 the cells are labeled in the proximal half of the stream around the medulla but those closer to the pons are unlabeled, indicating an orderly sequence of migration. In @entity1 injected on day E18 and killed on day @entity0 the labeled cells reach the pole of the pons. In the basal pontine gray the sequentially generated neurons settle in a precise order. The neurons generated on day @entity3 form a small core posteriorly and the neurons generated on days E17, E18, and E19 form regular concentric rings around the core in an inside-out sequence.

title: Development of the precerebellar nuclei in the XXXX : IV. The anterior precerebellar extramural migratory stream and the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and the basal pontine gray.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Electrophysiologic methods were used to study actions of @entity5 (BK) in neurones of the myenteric plexus of @entity1 small intestine in vitro. Exposure to BK depolarized the membrane potential and elevated excitability in AH- and S-type neurones. Neuronal input resistance associated with the depolarizing responses was either decreased or unchanged in S-type and increased in AH-type neurones. 2. The selective B(2) BK receptor antagonist @entity8 , but not the selective B(1) receptor antagonist des-arg(10)- @entity8 , suppressed the BK-evoked responses. RT-PCR confirmed the expression of B(2) receptor mRNA, but not B(1) receptor mRNA. 3. Binding of fluorescently- labeled @entity8 (HOE741) was localized to ganglion cells in whole-mount preparations. BK B(2) receptors were coexpressed with immunoreactivity for calbindin or @entity2 synthase. 4. Exposure to BK suppressed the amplitude of both fast and slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Depolarizing responses evoked by application of @entity0 or substance P and nicotinic responses to @entity3 were not reduced by BK. This suggested that BK action on neurotransmission was presynaptic suppression of neurotransmitter release. Presence of @entity8 in the bathing solution suppressed or abolished the presynaptic inhibitory action of BK. 5. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor, @entity7 , suppressed both the direct excitatory action of BK and its presynaptic inhibitory action. Application of @entity4 , D(2), F(2alpha) or I(2) mimicked the BK-evoked responses. 6. The results suggest that BK acts at B(2) BK receptors on myenteric neurones to stimulate the formation of @entity6 . Once formed and released, the prostaglandins act to elevate the excitability of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus and to suppress the synaptic release of neurotransmitters.

title: Actions of XXXX on electrical and synaptic behavior of neurones in the myenteric plexus of @entity1 small intestine.

answer: @entity5


abstract: 1. Electrophysiologic methods were used to study actions of @entity5 (BK) in neurones of the myenteric plexus of @entity1 small intestine in vitro. Exposure to BK depolarized the membrane potential and elevated excitability in AH- and S-type neurones. Neuronal input resistance associated with the depolarizing responses was either decreased or unchanged in S-type and increased in AH-type neurones. 2. The selective B(2) BK receptor antagonist @entity8 , but not the selective B(1) receptor antagonist des-arg(10)- @entity8 , suppressed the BK-evoked responses. RT-PCR confirmed the expression of B(2) receptor mRNA, but not B(1) receptor mRNA. 3. Binding of fluorescently- labeled @entity8 (HOE741) was localized to ganglion cells in whole-mount preparations. BK B(2) receptors were coexpressed with immunoreactivity for calbindin or @entity2 synthase. 4. Exposure to BK suppressed the amplitude of both fast and slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Depolarizing responses evoked by application of @entity0 or substance P and nicotinic responses to @entity3 were not reduced by BK. This suggested that BK action on neurotransmission was presynaptic suppression of neurotransmitter release. Presence of @entity8 in the bathing solution suppressed or abolished the presynaptic inhibitory action of BK. 5. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor, @entity7 , suppressed both the direct excitatory action of BK and its presynaptic inhibitory action. Application of @entity4 , D(2), F(2alpha) or I(2) mimicked the BK-evoked responses. 6. The results suggest that BK acts at B(2) BK receptors on myenteric neurones to stimulate the formation of @entity6 . Once formed and released, the prostaglandins act to elevate the excitability of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus and to suppress the synaptic release of neurotransmitters.

title: Actions of @entity5 on electrical and synaptic behavior of neurones in the myenteric plexus of XXXX small intestine.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. We have previously reported that the inhibitory gamma subunit of the rod photoreceptor type 6 @entity4 phosphodiesterase (PDEgamma) is expressed in nonretinal tissues and is involved in the stimulation of the p42/ @entity5 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by growth factors and G-protein-coupled receptor agonists. We have now investigated whether PDEgamma plays a role in modulating chronic @entity3 -dependent mitogenic signalling pathways in pulmonary smooth muscle from @entity1 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). 2. We show for the first time that PDEgamma is expressed in @entity1 main, first, intrapulmonary and resistance pulmonary arteries. Moreover, its expression is increased in all the arteries to varying extents by chronic @entity3 . The extent of the increased expression of PDEgamma is correlated with an enhanced activation of p42/ @entity5 in these vessels. 3. We also report that PDEgamma translation from mRNA transcript is increased in cultured @entity0 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells subjected to chronic @entity3 for 14 days. This was correlated with @entity3 -dependent increase in p42/ @entity5 MAPK activation. 4. In conclusion, our studies identify for the first time a major chronic @entity3 -dependent change in the phenotypic expression of an intermediate protein regulating mitogenic signalling in pulmonary arteries. This may have a significant effect on arterial remodelling in @entity2 . Future studies will focus on strategies designed to knockout rod PDEgamma to assess whether this rescues @entity1 from chronic @entity3 -dependent changes in arterial remodelling and @entity2 .

title: An assessment of the role of the inhibitory gamma subunit of the retinal XXXX phosphodiesterase and its effect on the p42/ @entity5 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in animal and cellular models of @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. We have previously reported that the inhibitory gamma subunit of the rod photoreceptor type 6 @entity4 phosphodiesterase (PDEgamma) is expressed in nonretinal tissues and is involved in the stimulation of the p42/ @entity5 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by growth factors and G-protein-coupled receptor agonists. We have now investigated whether PDEgamma plays a role in modulating chronic @entity3 -dependent mitogenic signalling pathways in pulmonary smooth muscle from @entity1 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). 2. We show for the first time that PDEgamma is expressed in @entity1 main, first, intrapulmonary and resistance pulmonary arteries. Moreover, its expression is increased in all the arteries to varying extents by chronic @entity3 . The extent of the increased expression of PDEgamma is correlated with an enhanced activation of p42/ @entity5 in these vessels. 3. We also report that PDEgamma translation from mRNA transcript is increased in cultured @entity0 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells subjected to chronic @entity3 for 14 days. This was correlated with @entity3 -dependent increase in p42/ @entity5 MAPK activation. 4. In conclusion, our studies identify for the first time a major chronic @entity3 -dependent change in the phenotypic expression of an intermediate protein regulating mitogenic signalling in pulmonary arteries. This may have a significant effect on arterial remodelling in @entity2 . Future studies will focus on strategies designed to knockout rod PDEgamma to assess whether this rescues @entity1 from chronic @entity3 -dependent changes in arterial remodelling and @entity2 .

title: An assessment of the role of the inhibitory gamma subunit of the retinal @entity4 phosphodiesterase and its effect on the p42/ @entity5 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in animal and cellular models of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. We have previously reported that the inhibitory gamma subunit of the rod photoreceptor type 6 @entity4 phosphodiesterase (PDEgamma) is expressed in nonretinal tissues and is involved in the stimulation of the p42/ @entity5 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by growth factors and G-protein-coupled receptor agonists. We have now investigated whether PDEgamma plays a role in modulating chronic @entity3 -dependent mitogenic signalling pathways in pulmonary smooth muscle from @entity1 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). 2. We show for the first time that PDEgamma is expressed in @entity1 main, first, intrapulmonary and resistance pulmonary arteries. Moreover, its expression is increased in all the arteries to varying extents by chronic @entity3 . The extent of the increased expression of PDEgamma is correlated with an enhanced activation of p42/ @entity5 in these vessels. 3. We also report that PDEgamma translation from mRNA transcript is increased in cultured @entity0 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells subjected to chronic @entity3 for 14 days. This was correlated with @entity3 -dependent increase in p42/ @entity5 MAPK activation. 4. In conclusion, our studies identify for the first time a major chronic @entity3 -dependent change in the phenotypic expression of an intermediate protein regulating mitogenic signalling in pulmonary arteries. This may have a significant effect on arterial remodelling in @entity2 . Future studies will focus on strategies designed to knockout rod PDEgamma to assess whether this rescues @entity1 from chronic @entity3 -dependent changes in arterial remodelling and @entity2 .

title: An assessment of the role of the inhibitory gamma subunit of the retinal @entity4 phosphodiesterase and its effect on the p42/ XXXX mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in animal and cellular models of @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We investigated the time periods of DNA replication, lateral cell wall extension, and septum formation within the cell cycle of @entity6 . Cells were cultivated under three different conditions, yielding interdivision times of approximately 55, 57, and 160 min, respectively. Synchrony was achieved by @entity2 density gradient centrifugation. The time periods were estimated by division inhibition studies with @entity7 , mecillinam, and @entity1 . In addition, DNA replication was measured by @entity3 incorporation, and murein biosynthesis was measured by incorporation of @entity5 into @entity4 -insoluble murein sacculi. At interdivision times of 55 to 57 min murein biosynthesis for reproduction of a unit cell lasted longer than the interdivision time itself, whereas DNA replication finished within 40 min. Surprisingly, inhibition of DNA replication by @entity1 did not inhibit the subsequent cell division but rather the one after that. Because @entity8 fails to express several reactions of the recA-dependent SOS functions known from @entity0 , the drug allowed us to determine which DNA replication period actually governed which cell division. Taken together, the results indicate that at an interdivision time of 55 to 57 min, the biosynthetic cell cycle of @entity8 lasts approximately 120 min. To achieve the observed interdivision time, it is necessary that two subsequent biosynthetic cell cycles be tightly interlocked. The implications of these findings for the regulation of the cell cycle are discussed.

title: Cell cycle parameters of XXXX : interdependence of the biosynthetic cell cycle and the interdivision cycle.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) frequently encounter @entity4 with multiple negative outcomes as a consequence. Adequate treatment is best achieved by early identification of @entity0 at risk for critical @entity4 . The objective of this study was to detect predictive factors for critical @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 receiving (chemo)radiotherapy ((C) @entity3 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cohort study, 910 @entity0 with @entity2 were included receiving @entity3 (  surgery/concurrent chemotherapy) with curative intent. Body weight was measured at the start and end of (C) @entity3 . Logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses were used to analyse predictive factors for critical @entity4 (defined as >5%) during (C) @entity3 . Possible predictors included gender, age, WHO performance status, @entity1 location, TNM classification, treatment modality, @entity3 technique (three-dimensional conformal @entity3 ( @entity3 ) vs intensity-modulated @entity3 (IMRT)), total dose on the primary @entity1 and @entity3 on the elective or macroscopic lymph nodes. RESULTS: At the end of (C) @entity3 , mean @entity4 was 5.1  4.9%. Fifty percent of @entity0 had critical @entity4 during (C) @entity3 . The main predictors for critical @entity4 during (C) @entity3 by both logistic and CART analyses were @entity3 on the lymph nodes, higher @entity3 dose on the primary @entity1 , receiving @entity3 instead of IMRT, and younger age. CONCLUSION: Critical @entity4 during (C) @entity3 was prevalent in half of @entity2 @entity0 . To predict critical @entity4 , a practical prediction tree for adequate nutritional advice was developed, including the risk factors @entity3 to the neck, higher @entity3 dose, @entity3 , and younger age.

title: Prediction model to predict critical XXXX in @entity0 with @entity2 during (chemo)radiotherapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) frequently encounter @entity4 with multiple negative outcomes as a consequence. Adequate treatment is best achieved by early identification of @entity0 at risk for critical @entity4 . The objective of this study was to detect predictive factors for critical @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 receiving (chemo)radiotherapy ((C) @entity3 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cohort study, 910 @entity0 with @entity2 were included receiving @entity3 (  surgery/concurrent chemotherapy) with curative intent. Body weight was measured at the start and end of (C) @entity3 . Logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses were used to analyse predictive factors for critical @entity4 (defined as >5%) during (C) @entity3 . Possible predictors included gender, age, WHO performance status, @entity1 location, TNM classification, treatment modality, @entity3 technique (three-dimensional conformal @entity3 ( @entity3 ) vs intensity-modulated @entity3 (IMRT)), total dose on the primary @entity1 and @entity3 on the elective or macroscopic lymph nodes. RESULTS: At the end of (C) @entity3 , mean @entity4 was 5.1  4.9%. Fifty percent of @entity0 had critical @entity4 during (C) @entity3 . The main predictors for critical @entity4 during (C) @entity3 by both logistic and CART analyses were @entity3 on the lymph nodes, higher @entity3 dose on the primary @entity1 , receiving @entity3 instead of IMRT, and younger age. CONCLUSION: Critical @entity4 during (C) @entity3 was prevalent in half of @entity2 @entity0 . To predict critical @entity4 , a practical prediction tree for adequate nutritional advice was developed, including the risk factors @entity3 to the neck, higher @entity3 dose, @entity3 , and younger age.

title: Prediction model to predict critical @entity4 in @entity0 with XXXX during (chemo)radiotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) frequently encounter @entity4 with multiple negative outcomes as a consequence. Adequate treatment is best achieved by early identification of @entity0 at risk for critical @entity4 . The objective of this study was to detect predictive factors for critical @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 receiving (chemo)radiotherapy ((C) @entity3 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cohort study, 910 @entity0 with @entity2 were included receiving @entity3 (  surgery/concurrent chemotherapy) with curative intent. Body weight was measured at the start and end of (C) @entity3 . Logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses were used to analyse predictive factors for critical @entity4 (defined as >5%) during (C) @entity3 . Possible predictors included gender, age, WHO performance status, @entity1 location, TNM classification, treatment modality, @entity3 technique (three-dimensional conformal @entity3 ( @entity3 ) vs intensity-modulated @entity3 (IMRT)), total dose on the primary @entity1 and @entity3 on the elective or macroscopic lymph nodes. RESULTS: At the end of (C) @entity3 , mean @entity4 was 5.1  4.9%. Fifty percent of @entity0 had critical @entity4 during (C) @entity3 . The main predictors for critical @entity4 during (C) @entity3 by both logistic and CART analyses were @entity3 on the lymph nodes, higher @entity3 dose on the primary @entity1 , receiving @entity3 instead of IMRT, and younger age. CONCLUSION: Critical @entity4 during (C) @entity3 was prevalent in half of @entity2 @entity0 . To predict critical @entity4 , a practical prediction tree for adequate nutritional advice was developed, including the risk factors @entity3 to the neck, higher @entity3 dose, @entity3 , and younger age.

title: Prediction model to predict critical @entity4 in XXXX with @entity2 during (chemo)radiotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3 is a common and debilitating side effect of chemoradiotherapy. Assessment is difficult; swallowing is multifactorial and studies choose from a range of @entity3 assessments. This study intended to investigate the relationship between swallowing assessments of @entity3 in a cohort of @entity0 and to evaluate whether clinical swallowing measures can predict @entity0 reported swallowing outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and seventy-three @entity1 @entity0 from two teaching hospitals were recruited prospectively over 25months. At three months follow-up @entity0 were assessed using Rosenbeck's Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS), The 100ml Water Swallow Test (WST), The Performance Status Scale: Normalcy of Diet and the @entity2 Anderson @entity3 Inventory (MDADI). RESULTS: The highest correlation was observed between the MDADI and Normalcy of Diet (rho 0.68) and the lowest between the MDADI and the PAS (rho 0.34). Using multiple regression the PAS and WST accounted for 44% of the variance in the MDADI scores (R(2)=0.44, F=37.8, p<0.001). On stepwise regression, the model only retained the Normalcy of Diet scores (R(2)=0.42, F=107.9, p<0.001). Separating the PAS into subgroups, those with no penetration or aspiration on the PAS scored significantly higher on the MDADI (p=<0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity0 reported swallowing outcomes were strongly aligned with diet restrictions but poorly aligned with clinical assessment. The WST, however, was more correlated than the PAS score, representing a more functional assessment. Clinical @entity3 , associated with significant morbidity, and @entity0 reported @entity3 related to quality of life are not interchangeable and must be measured separately.

title: Swallowing outcome measures in XXXX - How do they compare?

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: A previous study reported no effect of binge exposure to @entity2 during the brain growth spurt on the social acquisition of enhanced diet preference in male @entity0 . The objective of this study was to replicate this finding by using the artificial rearing technique and to investigate whether delay-dependent @entity1 previously observed in the water maze would extend to social memory of diet preference. We also addressed whether this naturalistic behavior was dependent on the presentation of diet odor in the context of a @entity0 -produced component in @entity2 -exposed @entity0 , as it is in normal controls. METHODS: Male @entity0 pups were reared artificially from postnatal days 5 to 18, during which (postnatal days 6-9) they were fed either 6.5 g/kg/day of @entity2 in a binge model or an isocaloric @entity3 -dextrin solution (gastrostomy controls). A third suckled control group was reared normally. These test @entity0 were allowed to interact with conspecifics that had previously consumed a distinctive diet, X. Subsequently, the experimental @entity0 were provided a choice between two novel diets, one of which was X, after delays of 0 hr (experiment 1), 24 hr, and 4 weeks (experiment 2). In experiment 3, the @entity0 were again given the two-choice preference test, but after exposure to the diet odor alone. RESULTS: All groups demonstrated a significant preference for the socially cued diet in experiments 1 and 2, and the strength of this inclination remained consistent across the 0-hr, 24-hr, and 4-week retention intervals. Moreover, all groups demonstrated sensitivity to the social context of this task, as shown by a lesser preference for the diet exposed alone in experiment 3. CONCLUSIONS: Intact performance on the ethologically meaningful diet-preference test supports specificity in the cognitive/behavioral effects of developmental exposure to @entity2 . Interestingly, early isolation, as experienced in the artificial-rearing procedure, also did not impair performance on this social task.

title: Developmental binge exposure to XXXX and artificial rearing do not affect the social transfer of diet preference.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The lymphocyte output from small intestine containing either the long continuous ileal Peyer's patch (PP) or several smaller jejunal PP was examined in young @entity0 . Most studies were done in 2-mo-old @entity0 , 1 mo after removal of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Extracorporeal perfusion of part of the intestine and addition of @entity2 to the perfusate led to the labeling, in their normal microenvironment, of a regionally defined population of cells. One day later considerable numbers of emigrant lymphocytes were identified by fluorescence microscopy in the spleen, @entity1 and peripheral lymph nodes, jejunal PP, and bone marrow. In nonperfused ileal PP and thymus the labeling indexes were low. The highest labeling index was in the blood where 3.7% of the lymphocytes were labeled. A similar organ distribution of emigrant cells was found on day 3. When @entity1 were included in the perfused region more emigrants were identified. In some animals the intestinal lymphatic draining the perfused ileum was cannulated. Continual lymph drainage caused a dramatic decrease in the labeling indexes in other lymphoid organs. A substantial number of lymphocytes leave both ileal PP and jejunal PP via lymphatics and travel to all other lymphoid organs. However, the number of emigrant lymphocytes compared with the total number of labeled lymphocytes in the perfused tissue was about 10 times greater after perfusing gut with the jejunal PP than after ileal PP perfusion. We conclude that relatively more lymphocytes emigrate from the jejunal PP than from the ileal PP.

title: Peyer's patches export lymphocytes throughout the lymphoid system in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: All the cases of clinical @entity3 reported in Sweden since 1969 have been studied. The 10-year period 1976-1985 has been analysed intensively. For comparative purposes, the study also includes the @entity1 cases reported in 1962 and 1967. Serum @entity1 first affected young adults aged 15-24 years at the beginning of the 1960s. Cyclical outbreaks of @entity3 due to transmission among drug abusers have been recognised since 1969. The disease was first observed in urban areas but later in rural parts of Sweden also. After 1976, a year in which outbreaks arose in various parts of Sweden, the numbers of @entity3 cases decreased. In 1969, more than 50% of the cases reported as serum @entity1 concerned drug abusers. During the period 1976-1985, the main risk factor was @entity2 for between 20 and 52% of cases and sexual activity for between 8 and 28% of cases. Since 1969, 2-3% of cases annually have been related to blood-transfusion. In the last 5-year period, a total of 129 cases was reported among @entity0 employed in the medical and dental fields. Of these, 59 had non-occupational exposure. During the same period, 33 @entity0 reported contacts with infected @entity0 , mostly household contacts. Seventy five @entity0 had been travelling abroad.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in Sweden.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of benign, @entity7 , and malignant @entity5 and whether clinical data can predict histopathologic outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Five hundred nine @entity0 with @entity5 who consecutively underwent hysteroscopic removal of @entity5 48 months were identified from our gynecologic oncology surgical database. Medical reports provided clinical data. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Histologically, 358 @entity3 (70.3%) were benign; 131 @entity3 (25.7%) had simple or @entity6 , 16 @entity3 (3.1%) had @entity4 with atypia, and 4 @entity3 (0.8%) were @entity1 . @entity3 were divided into group A and group B, according to the risk of @entity1 (group A, benign; group B, atypical @entity7 and @entity1 ). Age, menopause status, and @entity2 were associated significantly with group B. CONCLUSION: @entity5 rarely become malignant, but @entity7 changes are more common. Age, menopause status, and @entity2 may increase the risk of premalignant and malignant @entity3 . To @entity3 and a reliable histologic analysis, operative hysteroscopy should be offered to symptomatic @entity0 or to @entity0 with risk factors.

title: Histopathologic features and risk factors for @entity1 , XXXX , and @entity1 in @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of benign, @entity7 , and malignant @entity5 and whether clinical data can predict histopathologic outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Five hundred nine @entity0 with @entity5 who consecutively underwent hysteroscopic removal of @entity5 48 months were identified from our gynecologic oncology surgical database. Medical reports provided clinical data. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Histologically, 358 @entity3 (70.3%) were benign; 131 @entity3 (25.7%) had simple or @entity6 , 16 @entity3 (3.1%) had @entity4 with atypia, and 4 @entity3 (0.8%) were @entity1 . @entity3 were divided into group A and group B, according to the risk of @entity1 (group A, benign; group B, atypical @entity7 and @entity1 ). Age, menopause status, and @entity2 were associated significantly with group B. CONCLUSION: @entity5 rarely become malignant, but @entity7 changes are more common. Age, menopause status, and @entity2 may increase the risk of premalignant and malignant @entity3 . To @entity3 and a reliable histologic analysis, operative hysteroscopy should be offered to symptomatic @entity0 or to @entity0 with risk factors.

title: Histopathologic features and risk factors for @entity1 , @entity4 , and @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity5