abstract: We investigated a case of metastatic @entity8 at the left proximal femur, masquerading as a primary @entity5 . A 72-year-old @entity0 presented with @entity4 in her left thigh in conjunction with a mass that had been gradually growing over a few months. She was being treated with @entity9 for @entity8 positive for the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) mutation @entity11 , and had multiple bone @entity2 . The @entity8 and @entity2 had stabilized with the treatment. The metastatic lesions in the bone had also received radiation; however, a @entity3 in the proximal femur kept growing despite treatment. A biopsy specimen from the proximal femur revealed the proliferation of spindle-shaped cells without an epithelial glandular component. The @entity0 underwent en bloc resection of the proximal femur that was replaced by prosthesis. Histologically, the resected @entity3 was entirely composed of pleomorphic cells and @entity3 giant cells exhibiting no apparent glandular structures. @entity3 cells were diffusely positive for @entity7 and focally positive for epithelial markers and @entity6 , but were negative for @entity10 , suggesting an initial diagnosis of primary @entity5 . Genetic examination revealed mutations in @entity6 and @entity7 that were of the same type as the @entity1 , leading to the final diagnosis of the femoral mass as a sarcomatous transformation of metastatic @entity8 . However, secondary genetic alterations that might explain the acquired resistance to @entity9 could not be found in the proximal @entity3 . The @entity0 remains alive and the remaining lesions are well controlled.

title: Sarcomatous transformation of @entity6 and @entity7 mutation-positive metastatic XXXX , masquerading as a primary @entity5 of the proximal femur.

answer: @entity8


abstract: We investigated a case of metastatic @entity8 at the left proximal femur, masquerading as a primary @entity5 . A 72-year-old @entity0 presented with @entity4 in her left thigh in conjunction with a mass that had been gradually growing over a few months. She was being treated with @entity9 for @entity8 positive for the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) mutation @entity11 , and had multiple bone @entity2 . The @entity8 and @entity2 had stabilized with the treatment. The metastatic lesions in the bone had also received radiation; however, a @entity3 in the proximal femur kept growing despite treatment. A biopsy specimen from the proximal femur revealed the proliferation of spindle-shaped cells without an epithelial glandular component. The @entity0 underwent en bloc resection of the proximal femur that was replaced by prosthesis. Histologically, the resected @entity3 was entirely composed of pleomorphic cells and @entity3 giant cells exhibiting no apparent glandular structures. @entity3 cells were diffusely positive for @entity7 and focally positive for epithelial markers and @entity6 , but were negative for @entity10 , suggesting an initial diagnosis of primary @entity5 . Genetic examination revealed mutations in @entity6 and @entity7 that were of the same type as the @entity1 , leading to the final diagnosis of the femoral mass as a sarcomatous transformation of metastatic @entity8 . However, secondary genetic alterations that might explain the acquired resistance to @entity9 could not be found in the proximal @entity3 . The @entity0 remains alive and the remaining lesions are well controlled.

title: Sarcomatous transformation of XXXX and @entity7 mutation-positive metastatic @entity8 , masquerading as a primary @entity5 of the proximal femur.

answer: @entity6


abstract: We investigated a case of metastatic @entity8 at the left proximal femur, masquerading as a primary @entity5 . A 72-year-old @entity0 presented with @entity4 in her left thigh in conjunction with a mass that had been gradually growing over a few months. She was being treated with @entity9 for @entity8 positive for the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) mutation @entity11 , and had multiple bone @entity2 . The @entity8 and @entity2 had stabilized with the treatment. The metastatic lesions in the bone had also received radiation; however, a @entity3 in the proximal femur kept growing despite treatment. A biopsy specimen from the proximal femur revealed the proliferation of spindle-shaped cells without an epithelial glandular component. The @entity0 underwent en bloc resection of the proximal femur that was replaced by prosthesis. Histologically, the resected @entity3 was entirely composed of pleomorphic cells and @entity3 giant cells exhibiting no apparent glandular structures. @entity3 cells were diffusely positive for @entity7 and focally positive for epithelial markers and @entity6 , but were negative for @entity10 , suggesting an initial diagnosis of primary @entity5 . Genetic examination revealed mutations in @entity6 and @entity7 that were of the same type as the @entity1 , leading to the final diagnosis of the femoral mass as a sarcomatous transformation of metastatic @entity8 . However, secondary genetic alterations that might explain the acquired resistance to @entity9 could not be found in the proximal @entity3 . The @entity0 remains alive and the remaining lesions are well controlled.

title: Sarcomatous transformation of @entity6 and @entity7 mutation-positive metastatic @entity8 , masquerading as a primary XXXX of the proximal femur.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Our aim was to investigate the predictive factors indicating strangulation, and the requirement for surgery in @entity0 with acute mechanical @entity5 due to adhesions. METHODS: This study retrospectively evaluated the records of @entity0 with adhesive acute mechanical @entity5 . The surgical treatment (group S), conservative treatment (group C), intraoperative @entity1 (group I), and intraoperative adhesion only (group A) groups were statistically evaluated according to the diagnostic and surgical parameters. RESULTS: The study group of 252 @entity0 consisted of 113 @entity0 (44.8%), and 139 @entity0 (55.2%). The mean age was 62.79    18.08 years (range, 20-98 years). Group S consisted of 50 @entity0 (19.8%), and 202 (80.2%) were in group C. Group I consisted of 19 @entity0 (38%), where as 31 (62%) were in group A. In group S, the prehospital symptomatic period was longer, incidence of @entity2 was increased, and elevated CRP levels were significant (P < 0.05). Plain abdominal radiography, and abdominal computerized tomography were significantly sensitive for strangulation (P < 0.05). The elderly were more prone to strangulation (P < 0.05). Fever, rebound tendernes, and @entity4 _ @entity3 levels were significantly higher in the presence of strangulation (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05, consecutively). CONCLUSION: Fever, rebound tenderness, @entity4 _ @entity3 levels, plain abdominal radiography, and abdominal computerized tomography images were important indicators of @entity1 . Longer prehospital symptomatic period was related with a tendency for surgical treatment, and the elderly were more prone to strangulation. CRP detection was considered to be useful for the decision of surgery, but not significantly predictive for strangulation.

title: Surgical indicators for the operative treatment of acute mechanical XXXX due to adhesions.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Challenging iliac anatomy remains an important issue during @entity1 repair (EVAR), and it is known that the length of the common iliac artery (CIA) is shorter in Asians than in Western groups. We analyzed both the iliac anatomy and the incidence of adjunctive maneuvers to overcome iliac artery-related difficulties during EVAR. METHODS: Seventy-four EVARs were performed for @entity2 between January 2010 and March 2013. @entity0 demographic data, iliac anatomical characteristics (presence of @entity3 , iliac artery diameter and length, and iliac tortuosity), and adjunctive iliac artery maneuvers were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Mean CIA length was 52.8 mm (range, 6.6-98.0 mm) on the right and 56.3 mm (range, 0-94.8 mm) on the left. CIA length was >= 20 mm, except in one @entity0 with bilateral short CIAs. Forty @entity0 (54%) had a CIA @entity1 , and 18 had @entity1 on both sides. Iliac adjunctive procedures were performed in 38 @entity0 (51%) as follows: 23 internal iliac artery (IIA) embolizations or ligations, seven IIA revascularizations, 16 external iliac artery (EIA) balloon angioplasties or stenting, one EIA patch angioplasty, one EIA interposition, two femoral endarterectomies with patch angioplasty, and nine femoro-femoral bypasses after EVAR with an aorto-uni-iliac device. Technical success for the adjunctive iliac procedures was achieved in all @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Short CIA length was uncommon. Although many @entity0 had access-related difficulties, most were overcome by an endovascular or hybrid technique. Liberal use of iliac adjunctive procedures can facilitate EVAR.

title: Iliac anatomy and the incidence of adjunctive maneuvers during XXXX repair.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Ultrasound investigation of the hip according to @entity6 is performed, whenever possible, as a routine screening test for @entity3 and @entity5 in neonates. However, in spite of screening, @entity3 and/or @entity5 is identified in a number of @entity0 after the third month of life only. The present study presents an analysis of reasons and causes. Between August 1999 and July 2001 @entity0 aged between six months and five years were documented, in whom the diagnosis of @entity3 or @entity5 was made, despite normal ultrasound findings at primary investigation and who required non operative or operative treatment by a specialist surgeon working in Switzerland in paediatric orthopaedics. The study included 26 @entity0 (17 @entity0 / 9 @entity0 ). @entity3 and/or @entity5 was diagnosed between the age of 6 days and 41 months. Twelve @entity0 had to be excluded from the sample (n = 26), four were @entity0 who had basic @entity1 or @entity2 and there were eight @entity0 from abroad whose original documentation could not be obtained. Analysis of the remaining 14 @entity0 showed that 43% were misdiagnosed (n = 6) and a treatment error occurred in 36% (n = 5) of cases. One @entity0 presented with a teratogenic @entity3 . In two other @entity0 with normal primary ultrasound findings, @entity3 was identified radiographically once the @entity0 started to walk. Delayed diagnosis can be the result of @entity4 . The six @entity0 meeting the criteria of misinterpretation can be expressed as a rate of 0.04% of all births. However, even if the disorder is correctly diagnosed, its identification and treatment may be inadequate or fail to produce the desired results. This was the case for five of the @entity0 , that is, for a rate of 0.03% of births.

title: Experiences in diagnosis and treatment of @entity3 and dysplasia in populations screened by the ultrasound method of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Ultrasound investigation of the hip according to @entity6 is performed, whenever possible, as a routine screening test for @entity3 and @entity5 in neonates. However, in spite of screening, @entity3 and/or @entity5 is identified in a number of @entity0 after the third month of life only. The present study presents an analysis of reasons and causes. Between August 1999 and July 2001 @entity0 aged between six months and five years were documented, in whom the diagnosis of @entity3 or @entity5 was made, despite normal ultrasound findings at primary investigation and who required non operative or operative treatment by a specialist surgeon working in Switzerland in paediatric orthopaedics. The study included 26 @entity0 (17 @entity0 / 9 @entity0 ). @entity3 and/or @entity5 was diagnosed between the age of 6 days and 41 months. Twelve @entity0 had to be excluded from the sample (n = 26), four were @entity0 who had basic @entity1 or @entity2 and there were eight @entity0 from abroad whose original documentation could not be obtained. Analysis of the remaining 14 @entity0 showed that 43% were misdiagnosed (n = 6) and a treatment error occurred in 36% (n = 5) of cases. One @entity0 presented with a teratogenic @entity3 . In two other @entity0 with normal primary ultrasound findings, @entity3 was identified radiographically once the @entity0 started to walk. Delayed diagnosis can be the result of @entity4 . The six @entity0 meeting the criteria of misinterpretation can be expressed as a rate of 0.04% of all births. However, even if the disorder is correctly diagnosed, its identification and treatment may be inadequate or fail to produce the desired results. This was the case for five of the @entity0 , that is, for a rate of 0.03% of births.

title: Experiences in diagnosis and treatment of XXXX and dysplasia in populations screened by the ultrasound method of @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many of thoracic minimally invasive interventions have been proven to be possible without general anesthesia. This article presents results of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) application under local anesthesia in @entity0 with lung abscesses and discusses its indications in detail. METHODS: The study involved prospective analysis of treatment outcomes for all acute @entity1 (AIPD) @entity0 undergoing VATS under local anesthesia and sedation since January 1, 2010, till December 31, 2013. @entity0 with @entity1 at periphery of large size (>5 cm) underwent non-intubated video abscessoscopy (NIVAS). @entity0 with pyopneumothorax (lung abscess penetration into @entity4 ) underwent non-intubated video thoracoscopy (NIVTS). Indications for NIVAS and NIVTS were as follows: cavity debridement and washing, necrotic sequestra removal, adhesion split, biopsy. All interventions were done under local anesthesia and sedation without @entity3 intubation and epidural anesthesia. RESULTS: Sixty-five enrolled @entity0 had 42 NIVAS and 32 NIVTS interventions, nine @entity0 underwent two surgeries. None of the @entity0 required @entity3 intubation or epidural anesthesia. In none of our cases with conversion to thoracotomy was required. Post-surgical complications developed after 11 interventions (13%): @entity5 (five cases), chest wall phlegmon (three cases), @entity2 (two cases), and pneumothorax (one case). One @entity0 died due to the main disease progression. In 50 @entity0 NIVAS and NIVTS were done within 5 to 8 days after abscess/ @entity4 draining, while in other 15 @entity0 -immediately prior to draining; both @entity2 episodes and all cases of chest wall phlegmon took place in the latter group. CONCLUSIONS: NIVAS and NIVTS under local anesthesia and sedation are well tolerated by @entity0 , safe and should be used more often in AIPD cases. Timing of NIVAS and NIVTS procedures was found to be of paramount importance for ensuring complete therapeutic effectiveness.

title: Awake video-assisted thoracic surgery in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of increasing inferior vena cava blood flow by means of distal @entity2 on the patency of a peritoneal tube graft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 16 mongrel @entity0 , a 3-4 cm long circular defect was created at the infrarenal inferior vena cava. The defect was interposed with peritoneal tube graft. A temporary distal femoro-femoral @entity2 was also constructed in 8 @entity0 just after the caval interposition. Graft patency was evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography and angiography. Histological evaluation was also performed. RESULTS: Seven @entity0 in each group survived. All control grafts occluded within the first week, compared to no occlusions in @entity1 group (Fisher's exact test, p<0.005). However one ' @entity1 ' @entity0 with a still patent graft was sacrificed on the 18th day due to ultrasonographically occluded @entity2 . CONCLUSION: In @entity0 , the peritoneum may be used as graft material for reconstruction of the inferior vena cava, provided a distal @entity2 is constructed.

title: Reconstruction of the vena cava with the peritoneum: the effect of temporary distal XXXX on patency (an experimental study).

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of endothelins-3 (ET-3) immunoactivity in hippocampal @entity3 of ovariectomied (OVX) @entity0 after @entity1 /reperfusion (IR), and to further explore the relationship between @entity2 and ET-3. METHODS: Fifty-four adult female @entity0 were randomly divided into 3 groups. 1. IR group: the bilateral common carotid occlusion (BCCO) was carried out for 7 min on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 14th day of reperfusion. 2. OVX/IR group: firstly the ovariectomy was performed, and after a week, BCCO was carried out for 7 min on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 14th day of reperfusion (each time spot, n = 6). 3. sham-operated group (n = 6). RESULTS: Few ET-3 positive cells were diffusely distributed in the hippocampal @entity3 region in the control group, whereas the expression of ET-3 increased in the experimental groups. The number of ET-3 positive cells significantly increased in the OVX/IR group compared with that of the IR group 1 d after the reperfusion (P < 0.01). It reached the maximum in both the OVX/IR and IR group on the 5th day of the reperfusion. CONCLUSION: @entity2 is involved in the regulation of ET-3 in the early stage of the reperfusion, and probably plays a protective role in the survival of neurons.

title: [Expression of ET-3 in hippocampal XXXX of ovariectomied @entity0 after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of endothelins-3 (ET-3) immunoactivity in hippocampal @entity3 of ovariectomied (OVX) @entity0 after @entity1 /reperfusion (IR), and to further explore the relationship between @entity2 and ET-3. METHODS: Fifty-four adult female @entity0 were randomly divided into 3 groups. 1. IR group: the bilateral common carotid occlusion (BCCO) was carried out for 7 min on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 14th day of reperfusion. 2. OVX/IR group: firstly the ovariectomy was performed, and after a week, BCCO was carried out for 7 min on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 14th day of reperfusion (each time spot, n = 6). 3. sham-operated group (n = 6). RESULTS: Few ET-3 positive cells were diffusely distributed in the hippocampal @entity3 region in the control group, whereas the expression of ET-3 increased in the experimental groups. The number of ET-3 positive cells significantly increased in the OVX/IR group compared with that of the IR group 1 d after the reperfusion (P < 0.01). It reached the maximum in both the OVX/IR and IR group on the 5th day of the reperfusion. CONCLUSION: @entity2 is involved in the regulation of ET-3 in the early stage of the reperfusion, and probably plays a protective role in the survival of neurons.

title: [Expression of ET-3 in hippocampal @entity3 of ovariectomied XXXX after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion].

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study investigated the effects of three intracoronal bleaching techniques on the color and microhardness changes of @entity0 dentin and compared them to a control group. Twenty-four dentin slabs were derived from extracted @entity2 and evenly distributed among four groups. The pulpal surface of each dentin slab was treated with one of the following bleaching techniques: thermocatalytic treatment with 30% @entity1 , walking bleaching with 2% @entity4 and a combination treatment that uses both methods. In the control group, the specimens were treated with distilled water. All specimens were subjected to repeated treatment with fresh bleaching pastes on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. During the experimental period, all specimens were placed in individual vials maintained at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity. CIELab color parameters and microhardness (VHN) were evaluated prior to the experiments and seven days after each treatment. All bleaching treatments effectively increased L* values and decreased b* values of dentin. Thermocatalytic bleaching significantly reduced dentin @entity3 to half its original value after four treatment cycles; whereas, treatment with either walking bleaching or the combined technique did not significantly affect dentin @entity3 . Because the combination treatment had shown great bleaching efficacy, it can serve as an alternative approach for severely stained teeth.

title: Microhardness and color changes of XXXX dentin with repeated intracoronal bleaching.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Excess GH secretion, as occurs in @entity4 , is associated with @entity1 markers and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). GH administration in @entity5 @entity0 causes an @entity1 . @entity2 mediates many of the metabolic actions of GH, although GH may have direct effects upon bone. In @entity0 with @entity4 who are treated with a @entity6 antagonist, selective blockade of the @entity6 results in a decrease in circulating @entity2 levels in the majority of cases. We hypothesized that, in @entity4 , antagonism of GH receptors would result in a decrease in serum markers of bone turnover, including serum procollagen I @entity3 -terminal propeptide (PICP), osteocalcin and @entity7 (NTx). DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Twenty-seven @entity0 with @entity4 were enrolled as part of a multicentre 12-week trial of a @entity6 antagonist and were randomized to placebo (n = 7) or 10, 15 or 20 mg of pegvisomant (n = 20). MEASUREMENTS: Serum markers of bone turnover were determined at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Baseline bone turnover markers were above the upper limit of normal in 23%, 19% and 32% of subjects for osteocalcin, PICP and NTx, respectively. During the 12-week placebo-controlled period, there were significant decreases in serum markers of bone formation, osteocalcin (-2.2 +/- 0.44 vs. placebo +0.01 +/- 0.39 nmol/l, P = 0.009) and PICP (-23.6 +/- 9.6 vs. placebo +18.1 +/- 12.8 micro g/l, P = 0.022) and a serum marker of bone resorption, NTx (-4.4 +/- 1.4, placebo +1.0 +/- 0.3 nm, P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Using a specific @entity6 antagonist, we found that normalization of @entity2 is associated with rapid reductions in markers of both bone formation and resorption, and that these processes remain coupled. These data confirm the highly significant effects of GH and @entity2 in modulating bone turnover. The independent contributions of GH and @entity2 to these effects and the long-term effects on @entity1 in this population remain to be determined.

title: Effects of a XXXX antagonist on bone markers in @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Excess GH secretion, as occurs in @entity4 , is associated with @entity1 markers and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). GH administration in @entity5 @entity0 causes an @entity1 . @entity2 mediates many of the metabolic actions of GH, although GH may have direct effects upon bone. In @entity0 with @entity4 who are treated with a @entity6 antagonist, selective blockade of the @entity6 results in a decrease in circulating @entity2 levels in the majority of cases. We hypothesized that, in @entity4 , antagonism of GH receptors would result in a decrease in serum markers of bone turnover, including serum procollagen I @entity3 -terminal propeptide (PICP), osteocalcin and @entity7 (NTx). DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Twenty-seven @entity0 with @entity4 were enrolled as part of a multicentre 12-week trial of a @entity6 antagonist and were randomized to placebo (n = 7) or 10, 15 or 20 mg of pegvisomant (n = 20). MEASUREMENTS: Serum markers of bone turnover were determined at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Baseline bone turnover markers were above the upper limit of normal in 23%, 19% and 32% of subjects for osteocalcin, PICP and NTx, respectively. During the 12-week placebo-controlled period, there were significant decreases in serum markers of bone formation, osteocalcin (-2.2 +/- 0.44 vs. placebo +0.01 +/- 0.39 nmol/l, P = 0.009) and PICP (-23.6 +/- 9.6 vs. placebo +18.1 +/- 12.8 micro g/l, P = 0.022) and a serum marker of bone resorption, NTx (-4.4 +/- 1.4, placebo +1.0 +/- 0.3 nm, P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Using a specific @entity6 antagonist, we found that normalization of @entity2 is associated with rapid reductions in markers of both bone formation and resorption, and that these processes remain coupled. These data confirm the highly significant effects of GH and @entity2 in modulating bone turnover. The independent contributions of GH and @entity2 to these effects and the long-term effects on @entity1 in this population remain to be determined.

title: Effects of a @entity6 antagonist on bone markers in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brick tea type @entity3 is a public health concern in the north-west area of China. The association between SNPs of genes influencing bone mass and @entity3 has attracted attention, but the association of SNPs with the risk of brick-tea type of @entity3 has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the modifying roles of @entity5 @entity7 polymorphisms on this association. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Brick-tea water was tested by the standard of GB1996-2005 (China). Urinary @entity2 was tested by the standard of @entity4 /T 89-2006 (China). @entity1 was diagnosed by X-ray, the part we scheduled was forearm, @entity6 , and pelvic, then diagnosed the @entity1 by the standard of @entity4 /192-2008 (China). Gene polymorphism was tested by Sequenom MassARRAY system. RESULT: The prevalence rate in different ethnical @entity0 was different: Tibetan individuals had the highest prevalence rate of @entity1 . There were significant differences in genotype frequencies of @entity5 Rs1695 among different ethnical @entity0 (p<0.001): Tibetan, Mongolian and Han subjects with homozygous wild type ( @entity5 -AA) genotype were numerically higher than Kazakh and Russian subjects (p<0.001). Compared to Tibetan @entity0 who carried homozygous A allele of @entity5 Rs1695, Tibetan @entity0 who carried G allele had a significantly decreased risk of @entity1 (OR = 0.558 [95% CI, 0.326-0.955]). For Kazakh @entity0 , a decreased risk of @entity1 among carriers of the G allele was limited to non high-loaded @entity2 status (OR = 0. 166 [95% CI, 0.035-0.780] vs. OR = 1.478 [95% CI, 0.866-2.552] in @entity0 with high-loaded @entity2 status). Neither SNP-IF nor SNP-age for @entity5 Rs1695 was observed. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of the brick tea type @entity3 might have ethnic difference. For Tibetan individuals, who had the highest prevalence rate, G allele of @entity5 Rs1695 might be a protective factor for brick @entity1 .

title: Modifying Role of @entity5 Polymorphism on the Association between Tea XXXX Exposure and the Brick-Tea Type @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brick tea type @entity3 is a public health concern in the north-west area of China. The association between SNPs of genes influencing bone mass and @entity3 has attracted attention, but the association of SNPs with the risk of brick-tea type of @entity3 has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the modifying roles of @entity5 @entity7 polymorphisms on this association. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Brick-tea water was tested by the standard of GB1996-2005 (China). Urinary @entity2 was tested by the standard of @entity4 /T 89-2006 (China). @entity1 was diagnosed by X-ray, the part we scheduled was forearm, @entity6 , and pelvic, then diagnosed the @entity1 by the standard of @entity4 /192-2008 (China). Gene polymorphism was tested by Sequenom MassARRAY system. RESULT: The prevalence rate in different ethnical @entity0 was different: Tibetan individuals had the highest prevalence rate of @entity1 . There were significant differences in genotype frequencies of @entity5 Rs1695 among different ethnical @entity0 (p<0.001): Tibetan, Mongolian and Han subjects with homozygous wild type ( @entity5 -AA) genotype were numerically higher than Kazakh and Russian subjects (p<0.001). Compared to Tibetan @entity0 who carried homozygous A allele of @entity5 Rs1695, Tibetan @entity0 who carried G allele had a significantly decreased risk of @entity1 (OR = 0.558 [95% CI, 0.326-0.955]). For Kazakh @entity0 , a decreased risk of @entity1 among carriers of the G allele was limited to non high-loaded @entity2 status (OR = 0. 166 [95% CI, 0.035-0.780] vs. OR = 1.478 [95% CI, 0.866-2.552] in @entity0 with high-loaded @entity2 status). Neither SNP-IF nor SNP-age for @entity5 Rs1695 was observed. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of the brick tea type @entity3 might have ethnic difference. For Tibetan individuals, who had the highest prevalence rate, G allele of @entity5 Rs1695 might be a protective factor for brick @entity1 .

title: Modifying Role of XXXX Polymorphism on the Association between Tea @entity2 Exposure and the Brick-Tea Type @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brick tea type @entity3 is a public health concern in the north-west area of China. The association between SNPs of genes influencing bone mass and @entity3 has attracted attention, but the association of SNPs with the risk of brick-tea type of @entity3 has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the modifying roles of @entity5 @entity7 polymorphisms on this association. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Brick-tea water was tested by the standard of GB1996-2005 (China). Urinary @entity2 was tested by the standard of @entity4 /T 89-2006 (China). @entity1 was diagnosed by X-ray, the part we scheduled was forearm, @entity6 , and pelvic, then diagnosed the @entity1 by the standard of @entity4 /192-2008 (China). Gene polymorphism was tested by Sequenom MassARRAY system. RESULT: The prevalence rate in different ethnical @entity0 was different: Tibetan individuals had the highest prevalence rate of @entity1 . There were significant differences in genotype frequencies of @entity5 Rs1695 among different ethnical @entity0 (p<0.001): Tibetan, Mongolian and Han subjects with homozygous wild type ( @entity5 -AA) genotype were numerically higher than Kazakh and Russian subjects (p<0.001). Compared to Tibetan @entity0 who carried homozygous A allele of @entity5 Rs1695, Tibetan @entity0 who carried G allele had a significantly decreased risk of @entity1 (OR = 0.558 [95% CI, 0.326-0.955]). For Kazakh @entity0 , a decreased risk of @entity1 among carriers of the G allele was limited to non high-loaded @entity2 status (OR = 0. 166 [95% CI, 0.035-0.780] vs. OR = 1.478 [95% CI, 0.866-2.552] in @entity0 with high-loaded @entity2 status). Neither SNP-IF nor SNP-age for @entity5 Rs1695 was observed. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of the brick tea type @entity3 might have ethnic difference. For Tibetan individuals, who had the highest prevalence rate, G allele of @entity5 Rs1695 might be a protective factor for brick @entity1 .

title: Modifying Role of @entity5 Polymorphism on the Association between Tea @entity2 Exposure and the Brick-Tea Type XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if intravesically administered recombinant @entity4 may serve as adjuvant first line treatment in prophylaxis of superficial @entity2 by reducing its risk for recurrence, in the short term. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 54 @entity0 (43 males and 11 females) with superficial @entity2 (Ta/T1) initially treated with transurethral resection for their @entity1 were randomized into two groups: Twenty-eight @entity0 were left untreated after the transurethral resection (controls) whereas 26 @entity0 received intravesical @entity4 adjuvantly, at a dosage of 0.7 mg per week for 8 weeks. @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity3 in situ were excluded. The follow up had a mean time of 12.1 months. Recurrence or progression, as terminal events of the study, were recorded. The comparison of the recurrences between the two groups was performed by estimating: (a) the simple recurrence rate, and (b) the interval to @entity1 recurrence in each group. RESULTS: Tumor recurrence was detected in 24 controls (86%) and in 16 (62%) @entity0 of the @entity4 group (p = 0.043). The comparison of the Kaplan-Meier disease-free survival curves between the two groups of @entity0 indicated that intravesical instillations of @entity4 exerted a continuous protective effect to those who received the agent, in the follow up period (p = 0.0237). No serious side-effects were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Intravesically administered @entity4 has a demonstrable protective role as first line adjuvant treatment in superficial @entity2 . This role is mainly focused on prevention of recurrences in the short term. Further prospective studies with longer follow up are required, in order to define the exact place of the drug in the urologist's armamentarium.

title: Intravesical instillations of @entity4 in the prophylaxis of high risk superficial XXXX --results of a controlled prospective study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if intravesically administered recombinant @entity4 may serve as adjuvant first line treatment in prophylaxis of superficial @entity2 by reducing its risk for recurrence, in the short term. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 54 @entity0 (43 males and 11 females) with superficial @entity2 (Ta/T1) initially treated with transurethral resection for their @entity1 were randomized into two groups: Twenty-eight @entity0 were left untreated after the transurethral resection (controls) whereas 26 @entity0 received intravesical @entity4 adjuvantly, at a dosage of 0.7 mg per week for 8 weeks. @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity3 in situ were excluded. The follow up had a mean time of 12.1 months. Recurrence or progression, as terminal events of the study, were recorded. The comparison of the recurrences between the two groups was performed by estimating: (a) the simple recurrence rate, and (b) the interval to @entity1 recurrence in each group. RESULTS: Tumor recurrence was detected in 24 controls (86%) and in 16 (62%) @entity0 of the @entity4 group (p = 0.043). The comparison of the Kaplan-Meier disease-free survival curves between the two groups of @entity0 indicated that intravesical instillations of @entity4 exerted a continuous protective effect to those who received the agent, in the follow up period (p = 0.0237). No serious side-effects were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Intravesically administered @entity4 has a demonstrable protective role as first line adjuvant treatment in superficial @entity2 . This role is mainly focused on prevention of recurrences in the short term. Further prospective studies with longer follow up are required, in order to define the exact place of the drug in the urologist's armamentarium.

title: Intravesical instillations of XXXX in the prophylaxis of high risk superficial @entity2 --results of a controlled prospective study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Biomaterials have been shown to be able to influence the growth and differentiation of osteogenic cells cultured on the surface. Although the precise mechanisms by which the materials influence osteogenic cells are unclear, it is possible that the materials manipulate the expression of integrins by the cells. We therefore studied the expression of a number of integrins by @entity0 bone marrow (RBM) cells, after culture on culture @entity3 , on machined and grit-blasted @entity2 , and on @entity1 -coated @entity2 . Integrin expression was studied by FACS analysis. We found a large variation in the expression of integrins by cells in replicate experiments. After culture on @entity3 for 7 days, cells expressed alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha5, alpha6, beta1, and beta3, although some of the subunits were expressed only occasionally. The cells did not express the alpha4 subunit. After culture of RBM cells for 8 days on coated and noncoated @entity2 substrates, cells always expressed alpha3, alpha5, alpha6, and beta1. The alpha1 and beta3 subunits were only expressed in some of the experiments. Frequently, the expression of alpha5, alpha6, and beta1 was higher on the coated than on the noncoated @entity2 substrates. Based on our results, we conclude that the studied materials are capable of influencing the expression of integrins by RBM cells cultured on relevant implant materials.

title: Modulation of integrin expression on XXXX bone marrow cells by substrates with different surface characteristics.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) stimulates autophagy in different cellular systems, but it remains controversial if this rule can be generalized. We have analyzed the effect of chronic @entity0 induced by the @entity1 toxin @entity8 (PQ) on autophagy in @entity4 cells and primary astrocytes, which represent the first cellular target of neurotoxins in the brain. PQ decreased the basal levels of @entity15 -II and @entity15 -positive vesicles, and its colocalization with lysosomal markers, both in the absence and presence of @entity3 . This was paralleled by increased number and size of @entity13 / @entity13 aggregates. Downregulation of autophagy was also observed in cells chronically exposed to @entity2 or nonlethal concentrations of PQ, and it was associated with a reduced astrocyte capability to protect dopaminergic cells from @entity0 in co-cultures. Surprisingly, PQ treatment led to inhibition of @entity14 , activation of @entity7 / @entity7 and @entity6 / @entity6 - @entity11 / @entity11 and upregulation of @entity10 / @entity10 expression, all signals typically correlating with induction of autophagy. Reduction of @entity0 by NMDPEF, a specific @entity16 inhibitor, but not by @entity5 , abrogated the inhibitory effect of PQ and restored autophagic flux. Activation of @entity16 by PQ or @entity9 and genetic manipulation of its expression confirmed the role of this enzyme in the inhibitory action of PQ on autophagy. PQ did not induce @entity12 / @entity12 , but when it was co-administered with NMDPEF @entity12 activity was enhanced in a @entity13 -independent fashion. Thus, a prolonged @entity0 in astrocytes inhibits @entity15 lipidation and impairs autophagosome formation and autophagic flux, in spite of concomitant activation of several pro-autophagic signals. These findings outline an unanticipated neuroprotective role of astrocyte autophagy and identify in @entity16 a novel pharmacological target for its positive modulation.

title: Parkinsonian toxin-induced oxidative stress inhibits basal autophagy in astrocytes via XXXX /quinone oxidoreductase 2: Implications for neuroprotection.

answer: @entity16


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hypnotherapy is an effective treatment in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). It is often delivered by a psychotherapist and is costly and time consuming. Nurse-administered hypnotherapy could increase availability and reduce costs. In this study the authors evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-administered, gut-directed hypnotherapy and identify factors predicting treatment outcome. Eighty-five @entity0 were included in the study. @entity0 received hypnotherapy by a nurse once/week for 12  weeks. @entity0 reported marked improvement in @entity3 after treatment, as well as a reduction in GI-specific @entity1 , general @entity1 , and @entity2 . Fifty-eight percent were responders after the 12  weeks treatment period, and of these 82% had a favorable clinical response already at week 6. @entity0 were more likely than @entity0 to respond favorably to the treatment. Nurse-administered hypnotherapy is an effective treatment for @entity4 . Being female and reporting a favorable response to treatment by week 6 predicted a positive treatment response at the end of the 12  weeks treatment period.

title: Nurse-Administered, Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy in XXXX : Efficacy and Factors Predicting a Positive Response.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We describe two new resected cases of primary @entity6 and the review of cases published in the period 1954-2002. The first @entity0 has a large pulmonary mass of the right apex revealed by @entity5 . The right upper lobectomy with free margins reveals @entity8 . Pelvic and pulmonary @entity2 appear two years after surgery, treated by two series of chemotherapy without clinical response. After acute nephrotoxicity controlled by hemodialysis, the @entity0 dies with distant @entity2 three years and an half after thoracotomy. The second @entity0 develops dry cough and @entity5 with discovery of a cavitary mass in the right pulmonary field. Fine needle aspiration cytology suggests a @entity4 . Three months after extended pneumonectomy, the @entity3 relapses and regresses partially under chemotherapy. Femoral and brain @entity2 are irradiated. The @entity0 dies 22 months after thoracotomy. Histology and immunohistochemistry of both @entity3 closely related to @entity3 confirm @entity9 . Primary @entity6 is rare and may be benign or malignant. Radical resection is the best treatment. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy may improve the prognosis. Compared with @entity1 , the @entity3 is a slow growing mass, often voluminous, with delayed symptoms, very few @entity7 , rare brain metastasis, more frequent cutaneous or retroperitoneal dissemination, often after long-term and requiring indeed a 10 to 20 years follow-up.

title: [Primary XXXX : 2 new cases].

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The lacZ reversion assay in @entity2 measures point mutations that occur by specific base substitutions and frameshift mutations. The tester strains cannot use @entity3 as a @entity1 source (Lac(-)), and revertants are easily detected by growth on @entity3 medium (Lac(+)). Six strains identify the six possible base substitutions, and five strains measure +G, -G, -CG, +A and -A frameshifts. Strong mutagens give dose-dependent increases in numbers of revertants per plate and revertant frequencies. Testing compounds that are arguably nonmutagens or weakly mutagenic, we often noted statistically significant dose-dependent increases in revertant frequency that were not accompanied by an absolute increase in numbers of revertants. The increase in frequency was wholly ascribable to a declining number of viable cells owing to @entity0 . Analysis of the conditions revealed that the frequency of spontaneous revertants is higher when there are fewer viable cells per plate. The phenomenon resembles "adaptive" or "stress" mutagenesis, whereby @entity3 revertants accumulate in Lac(-) bacteria under starvation conditions in the absence of catabolite repression. Adaptive mutation is observed after long incubation and might be expected to be irrelevant in a standard assay using 48-h incubation. However, we found that elevated revertant frequencies occur under typical assay conditions when the bacterial lawn is thin, and this can cause increases in revertant frequency that mimic chemical mutagenesis when treatments are toxic but not mutagenic. Responses that resemble chemical mutagenesis were observed in the absence of mutagenic treatment in strains that revert by different frameshift mutations. The magnitude of the artifact is affected by cell density, dilution, culture age, incubation time, catabolite repression and the age and composition of media. Although the specific reversion assay is effective for quickly distinguishing classes of mutations induced by potent mutagens, its utility for discerning effects of weak mutagens may be compromised by the artifact.

title: A source of artifact in the lacZ reversion assay in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We present a method for investigating the dynamic pharmacological modulation of @entity0 -related brain activity, measured by BOLD-contrast fMRI. Noxious thermal stimulation was combined with a single infusion and washout of @entity2 , a short-acting opioid analgesic agent. The temporal profile of the effect site concentration of @entity2 , estimated from a pharmacokinetic model, was incorporated into a linear model of the fMRI data. The methodology was tested in nine healthy male subjects. During each imaging session the subjects received noxious thermal stimulation to the back of the left hand, prior to infusion, during infusion to a @entity2 effect site concentration of 1.0 ng/ml, and during washout of the @entity2 . Infusions were repeated with saline. @entity2 -induced @entity1 was confirmed from subjective @entity0 intensity scores. @entity0 -related brain activity was identified in a matrix of regions using a linear model of the transient BOLD responses to noxious stimulation. Of those regions, there was a significant fractional reduction in the amplitude of the @entity0 response in the insular cortex contralateral to the stimulus, the ipsilateral insular cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex. Statistical parametric mapping of the component of @entity0 responses that was linearly scaled by @entity2 concentration confirmed the contralateral insular cortex as the @entity0 -processing region most significantly modulated by @entity2 compared to saline. The mapping of specific modulation of @entity0 -related brain activity is directly relevant for understanding pharmacological @entity1 . The method of examining time-dependent pharmacological modulation of specific brain activity may be generalized to other drugs that modulate brain activity other than that associated with @entity0 .

title: Combining fMRI with a pharmacokinetic model to determine which brain areas activated by painful stimulation are specifically modulated by XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recently demonstrated as a promising stem cell type to rescue damaged myocardium after acute @entity2 . One of the most important mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects is the secretion of paracrine factors. However, the expression profile of paracrine factors of MSCs in @entity2 hearts, especially at single cell level, is poorly defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: We aimed to depict the transcriptional profile of paracrine factors secreted by MSCs in vivo, with particular interest in the comparison between normal and @entity2 hearts. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and injected into @entity0 hearts immediately after @entity2 surgery. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) indicated a proportion of cells still alive even up to 10 days post surgery. Paralleled with survived cells, cardiac function was significantly improved after MSC injection compared to that in PBS-injected @entity0 , indicated by MRI and histology. Despite increased number of vessels in MSC-injected hearts, endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes transdifferentiation were not observed in @entity2 hearts 5 days after @entity2 . Furthermore, laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by high through-put real time PCR was employed in our study, uncovering that the injected MSCs, compared to local cardiomyocytes, displayed elevated levels of secreted factors. To further investigate the regulation of those factors, we performed single cell analysis to dissect the gene expression profile of MSCs at single cell level in @entity2 and normal hearts, respectively. Consistent with the in vivo observation, a similar regulation pattern of those factors was detected in cultured MSCs under @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study, for the first time, elucidated gene expression profiles, as well as regulation of paracrine factors, of MSCs at single cell level in vivo, indicating that paracrine factors from MSCs account for the improvement of cardiac function after @entity2 .

title: Paracrine Action of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Revealed by Single Cell Gene Profiling in Infarcted XXXX Hearts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local control in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) of the @entity2 remains a challenge because of the relative radioresistance of these @entity1 . This prospective @entity4 ion pilot project was designed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus @entity4 ion (C12) boost ( @entity7 therapy). The authors present the first analysis of long-term outcomes of raster-scanned C12 therapy compared with modern photon techniques. METHODS: @entity0 with inoperable or subtotally resected @entity6 received C12 therapy within the pilot project. Whenever C12 was not available, @entity0 were offered IMRT or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). @entity0 received either C12 therapy at a C12 dose of 3 Gray equivalents (GyE) per fraction up to 18 GyE followed by 54 Gray (Gy) of IMRT or IMRT up to a median total dose of 66 Gy. @entity3 was evaluated according to version 3 of the Common @entity3 Terminology for Adverse Events. Locoregional control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity0 received C12 therapy, and 37 received photons (IMRT or FSRT). The median follow-up was 74 months in the C12 group and 63 months in the photon group. Overall, 90% of @entity0 in the C12 group and 94% of those in the photon group had T4 @entity1 ; and the most common disease sites were paranasal sinus, parotid with skull base invasion, and nasopharynx. LC, PFS, and @entity5 at 5 years were significantly higher in the C12 group (59.6%, 48.4%, 76.5%, respectively) compared with the photon group (39.9%, 27%, and 58.7%, respectively). There was no significant difference between @entity0 who had subtotally resected and inoperable @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: C12 therapy resulted in superior LC, PFS, and @entity5 without a significant difference between @entity0 with inoperable and partially resected @entity6 . Extensive and morbid resections in @entity0 with advanced @entity6 may need to be reconsidered. The most common site of locoregional recurrence remains in field, and further C12 dose escalation should be evaluated.

title: Combined intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus raster-scanned XXXX ion boost for advanced @entity6 of the @entity2 results in superior locoregional control and @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local control in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) of the @entity2 remains a challenge because of the relative radioresistance of these @entity1 . This prospective @entity4 ion pilot project was designed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus @entity4 ion (C12) boost ( @entity7 therapy). The authors present the first analysis of long-term outcomes of raster-scanned C12 therapy compared with modern photon techniques. METHODS: @entity0 with inoperable or subtotally resected @entity6 received C12 therapy within the pilot project. Whenever C12 was not available, @entity0 were offered IMRT or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). @entity0 received either C12 therapy at a C12 dose of 3 Gray equivalents (GyE) per fraction up to 18 GyE followed by 54 Gray (Gy) of IMRT or IMRT up to a median total dose of 66 Gy. @entity3 was evaluated according to version 3 of the Common @entity3 Terminology for Adverse Events. Locoregional control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity0 received C12 therapy, and 37 received photons (IMRT or FSRT). The median follow-up was 74 months in the C12 group and 63 months in the photon group. Overall, 90% of @entity0 in the C12 group and 94% of those in the photon group had T4 @entity1 ; and the most common disease sites were paranasal sinus, parotid with skull base invasion, and nasopharynx. LC, PFS, and @entity5 at 5 years were significantly higher in the C12 group (59.6%, 48.4%, 76.5%, respectively) compared with the photon group (39.9%, 27%, and 58.7%, respectively). There was no significant difference between @entity0 who had subtotally resected and inoperable @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: C12 therapy resulted in superior LC, PFS, and @entity5 without a significant difference between @entity0 with inoperable and partially resected @entity6 . Extensive and morbid resections in @entity0 with advanced @entity6 may need to be reconsidered. The most common site of locoregional recurrence remains in field, and further C12 dose escalation should be evaluated.

title: Combined intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus raster-scanned @entity4 ion boost for advanced @entity6 of the @entity2 results in superior locoregional control and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local control in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) of the @entity2 remains a challenge because of the relative radioresistance of these @entity1 . This prospective @entity4 ion pilot project was designed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus @entity4 ion (C12) boost ( @entity7 therapy). The authors present the first analysis of long-term outcomes of raster-scanned C12 therapy compared with modern photon techniques. METHODS: @entity0 with inoperable or subtotally resected @entity6 received C12 therapy within the pilot project. Whenever C12 was not available, @entity0 were offered IMRT or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). @entity0 received either C12 therapy at a C12 dose of 3 Gray equivalents (GyE) per fraction up to 18 GyE followed by 54 Gray (Gy) of IMRT or IMRT up to a median total dose of 66 Gy. @entity3 was evaluated according to version 3 of the Common @entity3 Terminology for Adverse Events. Locoregional control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity0 received C12 therapy, and 37 received photons (IMRT or FSRT). The median follow-up was 74 months in the C12 group and 63 months in the photon group. Overall, 90% of @entity0 in the C12 group and 94% of those in the photon group had T4 @entity1 ; and the most common disease sites were paranasal sinus, parotid with skull base invasion, and nasopharynx. LC, PFS, and @entity5 at 5 years were significantly higher in the C12 group (59.6%, 48.4%, 76.5%, respectively) compared with the photon group (39.9%, 27%, and 58.7%, respectively). There was no significant difference between @entity0 who had subtotally resected and inoperable @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: C12 therapy resulted in superior LC, PFS, and @entity5 without a significant difference between @entity0 with inoperable and partially resected @entity6 . Extensive and morbid resections in @entity0 with advanced @entity6 may need to be reconsidered. The most common site of locoregional recurrence remains in field, and further C12 dose escalation should be evaluated.

title: Combined intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus raster-scanned @entity4 ion boost for advanced @entity6 of the XXXX results in superior locoregional control and @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local control in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) of the @entity2 remains a challenge because of the relative radioresistance of these @entity1 . This prospective @entity4 ion pilot project was designed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus @entity4 ion (C12) boost ( @entity7 therapy). The authors present the first analysis of long-term outcomes of raster-scanned C12 therapy compared with modern photon techniques. METHODS: @entity0 with inoperable or subtotally resected @entity6 received C12 therapy within the pilot project. Whenever C12 was not available, @entity0 were offered IMRT or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). @entity0 received either C12 therapy at a C12 dose of 3 Gray equivalents (GyE) per fraction up to 18 GyE followed by 54 Gray (Gy) of IMRT or IMRT up to a median total dose of 66 Gy. @entity3 was evaluated according to version 3 of the Common @entity3 Terminology for Adverse Events. Locoregional control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity0 received C12 therapy, and 37 received photons (IMRT or FSRT). The median follow-up was 74 months in the C12 group and 63 months in the photon group. Overall, 90% of @entity0 in the C12 group and 94% of those in the photon group had T4 @entity1 ; and the most common disease sites were paranasal sinus, parotid with skull base invasion, and nasopharynx. LC, PFS, and @entity5 at 5 years were significantly higher in the C12 group (59.6%, 48.4%, 76.5%, respectively) compared with the photon group (39.9%, 27%, and 58.7%, respectively). There was no significant difference between @entity0 who had subtotally resected and inoperable @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: C12 therapy resulted in superior LC, PFS, and @entity5 without a significant difference between @entity0 with inoperable and partially resected @entity6 . Extensive and morbid resections in @entity0 with advanced @entity6 may need to be reconsidered. The most common site of locoregional recurrence remains in field, and further C12 dose escalation should be evaluated.

title: Combined intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus raster-scanned @entity4 ion boost for advanced XXXX of the @entity2 results in superior locoregional control and @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 are the leading cause of @entity3 in haemodialysis @entity0 . Hyperhomocysteinaemia is an independent risk factor. Basic research has provided strong evidence that oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity5 . @entity2 , lipid metabolism alterations, and hyperhomocysteinaemia observed in haemodialysis @entity0 could induce increases in LDL oxidation. This study was designed to determine the effect of @entity11 on hyperhomocysteinaemia and to assess the antioxidant efficacy of @entity11 . The antioxidant effect of @entity11 was compared with that of @entity4 . METHODS: Sixteen stable @entity0 (11 @entity0 , five @entity0 ; mean age 54.3+/-6.32 years) on standard haemodialysis received 400 mg of @entity4 , orally, at the end of each haemodialysis session for 3 months. After a 1-month wash-out, they received 10 mg of @entity11 , intravenously, at the end of each haemodialysis session for an additional 3 months. Blood samples were drawn in the morning after an overnight fast and before dialysis. Plasma @entity4 was analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. @entity7 ( @entity9 ) was determined using a fluorimetric method and plasma @entity6 oxidized anti-LDL antibodies (Ab-LDLox) were measured with an ELISA method using native LDL and oxLDL as antigens. Plasma @entity8 was determined by an FPIA method. RESULTS: @entity11 supplements significantly reduced hyperhomocysteinaemia (-44%), @entity9 concentrations (-40%), and IgG-LDLox titres (-13%). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity11 lowers plasma @entity8 levels and, like @entity4 , affords antioxidant protection, which prevents lipid peroxidation. This lowering of lipid peroxidation may reduce the risk of @entity5 and prevent or delay @entity1 in @entity10 @entity0 .

title: @entity8 and lipid peroxidation in haemodialysis: role of XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 are the leading cause of @entity3 in haemodialysis @entity0 . Hyperhomocysteinaemia is an independent risk factor. Basic research has provided strong evidence that oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity5 . @entity2 , lipid metabolism alterations, and hyperhomocysteinaemia observed in haemodialysis @entity0 could induce increases in LDL oxidation. This study was designed to determine the effect of @entity11 on hyperhomocysteinaemia and to assess the antioxidant efficacy of @entity11 . The antioxidant effect of @entity11 was compared with that of @entity4 . METHODS: Sixteen stable @entity0 (11 @entity0 , five @entity0 ; mean age 54.3+/-6.32 years) on standard haemodialysis received 400 mg of @entity4 , orally, at the end of each haemodialysis session for 3 months. After a 1-month wash-out, they received 10 mg of @entity11 , intravenously, at the end of each haemodialysis session for an additional 3 months. Blood samples were drawn in the morning after an overnight fast and before dialysis. Plasma @entity4 was analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. @entity7 ( @entity9 ) was determined using a fluorimetric method and plasma @entity6 oxidized anti-LDL antibodies (Ab-LDLox) were measured with an ELISA method using native LDL and oxLDL as antigens. Plasma @entity8 was determined by an FPIA method. RESULTS: @entity11 supplements significantly reduced hyperhomocysteinaemia (-44%), @entity9 concentrations (-40%), and IgG-LDLox titres (-13%). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity11 lowers plasma @entity8 levels and, like @entity4 , affords antioxidant protection, which prevents lipid peroxidation. This lowering of lipid peroxidation may reduce the risk of @entity5 and prevent or delay @entity1 in @entity10 @entity0 .

title: XXXX and lipid peroxidation in haemodialysis: role of @entity11 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 are the leading cause of @entity3 in haemodialysis @entity0 . Hyperhomocysteinaemia is an independent risk factor. Basic research has provided strong evidence that oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity5 . @entity2 , lipid metabolism alterations, and hyperhomocysteinaemia observed in haemodialysis @entity0 could induce increases in LDL oxidation. This study was designed to determine the effect of @entity11 on hyperhomocysteinaemia and to assess the antioxidant efficacy of @entity11 . The antioxidant effect of @entity11 was compared with that of @entity4 . METHODS: Sixteen stable @entity0 (11 @entity0 , five @entity0 ; mean age 54.3+/-6.32 years) on standard haemodialysis received 400 mg of @entity4 , orally, at the end of each haemodialysis session for 3 months. After a 1-month wash-out, they received 10 mg of @entity11 , intravenously, at the end of each haemodialysis session for an additional 3 months. Blood samples were drawn in the morning after an overnight fast and before dialysis. Plasma @entity4 was analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. @entity7 ( @entity9 ) was determined using a fluorimetric method and plasma @entity6 oxidized anti-LDL antibodies (Ab-LDLox) were measured with an ELISA method using native LDL and oxLDL as antigens. Plasma @entity8 was determined by an FPIA method. RESULTS: @entity11 supplements significantly reduced hyperhomocysteinaemia (-44%), @entity9 concentrations (-40%), and IgG-LDLox titres (-13%). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity11 lowers plasma @entity8 levels and, like @entity4 , affords antioxidant protection, which prevents lipid peroxidation. This lowering of lipid peroxidation may reduce the risk of @entity5 and prevent or delay @entity1 in @entity10 @entity0 .

title: @entity8 and lipid peroxidation in haemodialysis: role of @entity11 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the effect of @entity3 on bone density and @entity2 in postmenopausal @entity0 . DATA SOURCE: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1966 to 2000 and examined citations of relevant articles and the proceedings of international @entity1 meetings. We contacted @entity1 investigators to identify additional studies and primary authors for unpublished data. STUDY SELECTION: We included 30 studies that randomized @entity0 to @entity3 or an alternative (placebo or @entity4 and/or @entity5 ) and measured bone density or @entity2 incidence for at least 1 yr. DATA EXTRACTION: For each trial, three independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality and abstracted data. DATA SYNTHESIS: @entity3 reduced the incidence of @entity2 , with a pooled relative risk (RR) of 0.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25-0.87, P = 0.02, n = 1404, 4 trials]. However, the RR from the one relatively large randomized controlled trial (RCT) was 0.79 (95% CI 0.62-1.00, P = 0.05, n = 1108). For nonvertebral @entity2 , the pooled RR was 0.52 (95% CI 0.22-1.23, P = 0.14, n = 1481, 3 trials). Once again, the single large trial showed a less impressive effect than the smaller trials (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.59-1.09, P = 0.16, n = 1245). For bone density of the lumbar spine, the pooled weekly dose of 250 to 2800 IU per week resulted in significant increase in the weighted mean difference (WMD) of 3.74 (2.04-5.43, P < 0.01, n = 2260, 24 trials). The combined forearm showed a similar effect, with a WMD of 3.02 (95% CI 0.98-5.07, P < 0.01, n = 468, 9 trials). At the femoral neck, the pooled weighted mean difference showed a nonsignificant trend toward benefit, WMD 3.80 (95% CI -0.32-7.91, P = 0.07, 9 trials, n = 513). Methodologically weaker studies tended to show greater effects on bone density, and the lumbar spine results suggested the possibility of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 likely increases bone density in postmenopausal @entity0 predominantly at the lumbar spine and forearm for weekly doses of greater than 250 IU, although the true effect may be smaller than the pooled estimate would suggest. @entity3 likely reduces the risk of @entity2 ; its effect on nonvertebral @entity2 remains uncertain.

title: Meta-analyses of therapies for @entity1 . VI. Meta-analysis of XXXX for the treatment of @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the effect of @entity3 on bone density and @entity2 in postmenopausal @entity0 . DATA SOURCE: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1966 to 2000 and examined citations of relevant articles and the proceedings of international @entity1 meetings. We contacted @entity1 investigators to identify additional studies and primary authors for unpublished data. STUDY SELECTION: We included 30 studies that randomized @entity0 to @entity3 or an alternative (placebo or @entity4 and/or @entity5 ) and measured bone density or @entity2 incidence for at least 1 yr. DATA EXTRACTION: For each trial, three independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality and abstracted data. DATA SYNTHESIS: @entity3 reduced the incidence of @entity2 , with a pooled relative risk (RR) of 0.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25-0.87, P = 0.02, n = 1404, 4 trials]. However, the RR from the one relatively large randomized controlled trial (RCT) was 0.79 (95% CI 0.62-1.00, P = 0.05, n = 1108). For nonvertebral @entity2 , the pooled RR was 0.52 (95% CI 0.22-1.23, P = 0.14, n = 1481, 3 trials). Once again, the single large trial showed a less impressive effect than the smaller trials (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.59-1.09, P = 0.16, n = 1245). For bone density of the lumbar spine, the pooled weekly dose of 250 to 2800 IU per week resulted in significant increase in the weighted mean difference (WMD) of 3.74 (2.04-5.43, P < 0.01, n = 2260, 24 trials). The combined forearm showed a similar effect, with a WMD of 3.02 (95% CI 0.98-5.07, P < 0.01, n = 468, 9 trials). At the femoral neck, the pooled weighted mean difference showed a nonsignificant trend toward benefit, WMD 3.80 (95% CI -0.32-7.91, P = 0.07, 9 trials, n = 513). Methodologically weaker studies tended to show greater effects on bone density, and the lumbar spine results suggested the possibility of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 likely increases bone density in postmenopausal @entity0 predominantly at the lumbar spine and forearm for weekly doses of greater than 250 IU, although the true effect may be smaller than the pooled estimate would suggest. @entity3 likely reduces the risk of @entity2 ; its effect on nonvertebral @entity2 remains uncertain.

title: Meta-analyses of therapies for XXXX . VI. Meta-analysis of @entity3 for the treatment of @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the effect of @entity3 on bone density and @entity2 in postmenopausal @entity0 . DATA SOURCE: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1966 to 2000 and examined citations of relevant articles and the proceedings of international @entity1 meetings. We contacted @entity1 investigators to identify additional studies and primary authors for unpublished data. STUDY SELECTION: We included 30 studies that randomized @entity0 to @entity3 or an alternative (placebo or @entity4 and/or @entity5 ) and measured bone density or @entity2 incidence for at least 1 yr. DATA EXTRACTION: For each trial, three independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality and abstracted data. DATA SYNTHESIS: @entity3 reduced the incidence of @entity2 , with a pooled relative risk (RR) of 0.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25-0.87, P = 0.02, n = 1404, 4 trials]. However, the RR from the one relatively large randomized controlled trial (RCT) was 0.79 (95% CI 0.62-1.00, P = 0.05, n = 1108). For nonvertebral @entity2 , the pooled RR was 0.52 (95% CI 0.22-1.23, P = 0.14, n = 1481, 3 trials). Once again, the single large trial showed a less impressive effect than the smaller trials (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.59-1.09, P = 0.16, n = 1245). For bone density of the lumbar spine, the pooled weekly dose of 250 to 2800 IU per week resulted in significant increase in the weighted mean difference (WMD) of 3.74 (2.04-5.43, P < 0.01, n = 2260, 24 trials). The combined forearm showed a similar effect, with a WMD of 3.02 (95% CI 0.98-5.07, P < 0.01, n = 468, 9 trials). At the femoral neck, the pooled weighted mean difference showed a nonsignificant trend toward benefit, WMD 3.80 (95% CI -0.32-7.91, P = 0.07, 9 trials, n = 513). Methodologically weaker studies tended to show greater effects on bone density, and the lumbar spine results suggested the possibility of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 likely increases bone density in postmenopausal @entity0 predominantly at the lumbar spine and forearm for weekly doses of greater than 250 IU, although the true effect may be smaller than the pooled estimate would suggest. @entity3 likely reduces the risk of @entity2 ; its effect on nonvertebral @entity2 remains uncertain.

title: Meta-analyses of therapies for @entity1 . VI. Meta-analysis of @entity3 for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The locus on chromosome 15q13.3 containing @entity5 is correlated with the risk of @entity3 with or without @entity2 ( @entity4 /P). The aim of the present study was to find the @entity5 functional variants implicated in the aetiology of this @entity1 in the Polish population. METHODS: Eight polymorphisms were genotyped in 334 @entity4 /P @entity0 and 955 controls. In addition, the @entity5 protein-coding region was sequenced in 96 @entity4 /P @entity0 . RESULTS: Significant association with a risk of @entity3 was found for 5 tested polymorphisms. The lowest ptrend values were identified for @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity8 (ptrend 4.09E-05, 3.35E-05, and 0.0002, respectively). The putative functional variant @entity6 , located in a region that has enhancer activity, was associated with a 2.6-fold lower risk for @entity4 /P (odds ratio [OR]   =   0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.61, p   =   2.37E-05). The previously reported association of @entity8 with @entity4 /P was replicated (OR   =   0.57; 95% CI, 0.44-0.73; p   =   1.10E-05). For all tested @entity5 variants, no significant sex-by-genotype interaction effects were observed. The sequencing analysis did not detect any rare variants implicated in the development of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Our results might suggest that variants influencing @entity5 expression levels, rather than variants affecting the function of the encoded protein, are significant factors in @entity4 /P etiology. @entity1 Research (Part A), 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Association between polymorphisms at the @entity5 locus and the risk of @entity3 with or without XXXX in the Polish population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The locus on chromosome 15q13.3 containing @entity5 is correlated with the risk of @entity3 with or without @entity2 ( @entity4 /P). The aim of the present study was to find the @entity5 functional variants implicated in the aetiology of this @entity1 in the Polish population. METHODS: Eight polymorphisms were genotyped in 334 @entity4 /P @entity0 and 955 controls. In addition, the @entity5 protein-coding region was sequenced in 96 @entity4 /P @entity0 . RESULTS: Significant association with a risk of @entity3 was found for 5 tested polymorphisms. The lowest ptrend values were identified for @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity8 (ptrend 4.09E-05, 3.35E-05, and 0.0002, respectively). The putative functional variant @entity6 , located in a region that has enhancer activity, was associated with a 2.6-fold lower risk for @entity4 /P (odds ratio [OR]   =   0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.61, p   =   2.37E-05). The previously reported association of @entity8 with @entity4 /P was replicated (OR   =   0.57; 95% CI, 0.44-0.73; p   =   1.10E-05). For all tested @entity5 variants, no significant sex-by-genotype interaction effects were observed. The sequencing analysis did not detect any rare variants implicated in the development of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Our results might suggest that variants influencing @entity5 expression levels, rather than variants affecting the function of the encoded protein, are significant factors in @entity4 /P etiology. @entity1 Research (Part A), 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Association between polymorphisms at the @entity5 locus and the risk of XXXX with or without @entity2 in the Polish population.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The locus on chromosome 15q13.3 containing @entity5 is correlated with the risk of @entity3 with or without @entity2 ( @entity4 /P). The aim of the present study was to find the @entity5 functional variants implicated in the aetiology of this @entity1 in the Polish population. METHODS: Eight polymorphisms were genotyped in 334 @entity4 /P @entity0 and 955 controls. In addition, the @entity5 protein-coding region was sequenced in 96 @entity4 /P @entity0 . RESULTS: Significant association with a risk of @entity3 was found for 5 tested polymorphisms. The lowest ptrend values were identified for @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity8 (ptrend 4.09E-05, 3.35E-05, and 0.0002, respectively). The putative functional variant @entity6 , located in a region that has enhancer activity, was associated with a 2.6-fold lower risk for @entity4 /P (odds ratio [OR]   =   0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.61, p   =   2.37E-05). The previously reported association of @entity8 with @entity4 /P was replicated (OR   =   0.57; 95% CI, 0.44-0.73; p   =   1.10E-05). For all tested @entity5 variants, no significant sex-by-genotype interaction effects were observed. The sequencing analysis did not detect any rare variants implicated in the development of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Our results might suggest that variants influencing @entity5 expression levels, rather than variants affecting the function of the encoded protein, are significant factors in @entity4 /P etiology. @entity1 Research (Part A), 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Association between polymorphisms at the XXXX locus and the risk of @entity3 with or without @entity2 in the Polish population.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pediatric surgical practice is different in low- and middle-income countries as compared to North America. While resources are limited, the impact of pediatric surgical procedures is significant. The objective of this study was to calculate and compare disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted in a Kenyan and Canadian surgical unit for a subset of pediatric @entity2 . METHODS: Medical records of @entity0 having undergone surgical procedures for 13 congenital conditions in both surgical units were collected over 12  months. DALYs for each condition were calculated using previously obtained disability weights derived in each country. Age-adjusted life expectancy rates from the WHO were used to determine years of life lost. Risk of @entity4 without surgery and probability of successful treatment values were obtained from the literature and included in the DALY calculation. RESULTS: The conditions accounting for the largest total number of averted DALYs in Kenya were @entity3 (60.8  %) and spina bifida (18.1  %), whereas in Canada they were @entity3 (24.2  %) and undescended testes (19.2  %). A total of 23,169 DALYs were averted through 1042 surgical procedures (22.2 DALYs per procedure) during the study period in Kenya, compared to 5497 DALYs through 373 procedures (14.7 DALYs per procedure) in Canada. CONCLUSIONS: Using recent developments in @entity1 measurement, the results point to the significant impact of pediatric surgical centers in addressing the global burden of @entity1 . The study carries significant implications for resource allocation and training.

title: Quantifying the Disability from XXXX Averted Through Pediatric Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Comparison of a Pediatric Surgical Unit in Kenya and Canada.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We developed highly reliable co-dominant SCAR markers linked to the Frl gene. FORL testing is difficult. The marker is expected to be quickly adapted for MAS by @entity1 breeders. @entity2 @entity3 . radicis-lycopersici causes Fusarium crown and root rot (FCR), an economically important soil-borne disease of @entity1 . The resistance against FCR is conferred by a single dominant gene (Frl) located on chromosome 9. The aim of this study was to develop molecular markers linked to the Frl gene for use in marker-assisted breeding (MAS) programs. The FCR-resistant 'Fla. 7781' and susceptible 'B560' lines were crossed, and F1 was both selfed and backcrossed to 'B560' to generate segregating F2 and BC1 populations. The two conserved set II (COSII) markers were found linked to the Frl gene, one co-segregated with FCR resistance in both F2 and BC1 populations and the other was 8.5 cM away. Both COSII markers were converted into co-dominant SCAR markers. SCARFrl marker produced a 950 and a 1000 bp fragments for resistant and susceptible alleles, respectively. The linkage of SCARFrl marker was confirmed in BC2F3 populations developed by backcrossing the resistant 'Fla. 7781' to five different susceptible lines. The SCARFrl marker has been in use in the @entity1 breeding programs in BATEM, Antalya, @entity0 , since 2012 and has proved highly reliable. The SCARFrl marker is expected to aid in the development of FCR-resistant lines via marker-assisted selection (MAS).

title: Development of co-dominant SCAR markers linked to resistant gene against the XXXX @entity3 . radicis-lycopersici.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We developed highly reliable co-dominant SCAR markers linked to the Frl gene. FORL testing is difficult. The marker is expected to be quickly adapted for MAS by @entity1 breeders. @entity2 @entity3 . radicis-lycopersici causes Fusarium crown and root rot (FCR), an economically important soil-borne disease of @entity1 . The resistance against FCR is conferred by a single dominant gene (Frl) located on chromosome 9. The aim of this study was to develop molecular markers linked to the Frl gene for use in marker-assisted breeding (MAS) programs. The FCR-resistant 'Fla. 7781' and susceptible 'B560' lines were crossed, and F1 was both selfed and backcrossed to 'B560' to generate segregating F2 and BC1 populations. The two conserved set II (COSII) markers were found linked to the Frl gene, one co-segregated with FCR resistance in both F2 and BC1 populations and the other was 8.5 cM away. Both COSII markers were converted into co-dominant SCAR markers. SCARFrl marker produced a 950 and a 1000 bp fragments for resistant and susceptible alleles, respectively. The linkage of SCARFrl marker was confirmed in BC2F3 populations developed by backcrossing the resistant 'Fla. 7781' to five different susceptible lines. The SCARFrl marker has been in use in the @entity1 breeding programs in BATEM, Antalya, @entity0 , since 2012 and has proved highly reliable. The SCARFrl marker is expected to aid in the development of FCR-resistant lines via marker-assisted selection (MAS).

title: Development of co-dominant SCAR markers linked to resistant gene against the @entity2 XXXX . radicis-lycopersici.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Antigen-driven interaction of dendritic cells (DC) with @entity1 (+) T(h) cells results in the exchange of bidirectional activating signals. Cross-linking of TCR by MHC class II-bound antigen activates T(h) cells, resulting in their up-regulation of @entity4 ligand. Here we show that MHC class II molecules, in addition to their passive role in DC-T(h) cell interaction, can also actively induce DC maturation. Cross-linking of MHC class II molecules on @entity0 monocyte-derived DC results in the up-regulation of the surface expression of @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity6 and @entity4 molecules, the typical DC maturation-associated markers. It also promotes a rapid homotypic aggregation of DC paralleled by the up-regulation of such adhesion molecules as VLA-4, @entity8 , @entity2 and @entity3 . The impact of MHC class II cross-linking upon DC was context dependent. The outcome of MHC class II signaling depends on the maturation status of DC. While the cross-linking of MHC class II on immature DC promoted their maturation, the dominant effect upon the DC that were previously matured was the induction of DC apoptosis. Our current observations indicate that, in addition to the previously reported negative impact of MHC class II-mediated signaling on DC function, it also promotes DC maturation, participating in the enhancement of DC stimulatory function. Importantly, MHC class II-induced DC maturation and apoptosis are mediated by different signaling pathways, sensitive to different sets of inhibitors. This opens the possibility of differential regulation of each of these events in immunotherapy.

title: Differential regulation of maturation and apoptosis of XXXX monocyte-derived dendritic cells mediated by MHC class II.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the effect of @entity3 on bone density and @entity2 in postmenopausal @entity0 . DATA SOURCE: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Current Contents, and the Cochrane Controlled trials registry from 1980 to 1999, and we examined citations of relevant articles and proceedings of international meetings. STUDY SELECTION: We included 11 trials that randomized @entity0 to @entity3 or placebo and measured bone density for at least 1 yr. DATA EXTRACTION: For each trial, three independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality and abstracted data. DATA SYNTHESIS: The pooled relative risk (RR) for @entity2 in @entity0 given 5 mg or more of @entity3 was 0.52 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.43-0.65]. The RR of @entity2 in @entity0 given 10 mg or more of @entity3 was 0.51 (95% CI 0.38-0.69), an appreciably greater effect than for the 5 mg dose. We found a similar reduction in RR across nonvertebral fracture types; in particular, RR reductions for @entity2 traditionally thought to be " @entity4 ," such as hip and forearm, were very similar to RR reductions for "nonosteoporotic" @entity2 . Individual studies showed similar results, reflected in the P values of the test of heterogeneity (P = 0.99 for vertebral and 0.88 for @entity2 ). @entity3 produced positive effects on the percentage change in bone density, which increased with both dose and time. After 3 yr of treatment with 10 mg of @entity3 or more, the pooled estimate of the difference in percentage change between @entity3 and placebo was 7.48% (95% CI 6.12-8.85) for the lumbar spine (2-3 yr), 5.60% (95% CI 4.80-6.39) for the hip (3-4 yr), 2.08% (95% CI 1.53-2.63) for the forearm (2-4 yr), and 2.73% (95% CI 2.27-3.20) for the total body (3 yr). Heterogeneity of the treatment effect of @entity3 was not consistently explained by any of our a priori hypotheses; in particular, the effect was very similar in prevention and treatment studies. The pooled RR for discontinuing medication due to adverse effects for 5 mg or greater of @entity3 was 1.15 (95% CI 0.93-1.42). The pooled RR for discontinuing medication due to gastro-intestinal (GI) side effects for 5 mg or greater was 1.03 (0.81-1.30, P = 0.83), and the pooled RR for GI adverse effects with continuation of medication was 1.03 (0.98 to 1.07) P = 0.23. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 increases bone density in both early postmenopausal @entity0 and those with established @entity1 while reducing the rate of @entity2 over 2-3 yr of treatment. Reductions in @entity2 are evident among postmenopausal @entity0 without prevalent @entity2 and have bone mineral density (BMD) levels below the World Health Organization threshold for @entity1 . The impact on @entity2 appears consistent across all fracture types, casting doubt on traditional distinctions between @entity4 and @entity2 .

title: Meta-analyses of therapies for @entity1 . II. Meta-analysis of XXXX for the treatment of postmenopausal @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the effect of @entity3 on bone density and @entity2 in postmenopausal @entity0 . DATA SOURCE: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Current Contents, and the Cochrane Controlled trials registry from 1980 to 1999, and we examined citations of relevant articles and proceedings of international meetings. STUDY SELECTION: We included 11 trials that randomized @entity0 to @entity3 or placebo and measured bone density for at least 1 yr. DATA EXTRACTION: For each trial, three independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality and abstracted data. DATA SYNTHESIS: The pooled relative risk (RR) for @entity2 in @entity0 given 5 mg or more of @entity3 was 0.52 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.43-0.65]. The RR of @entity2 in @entity0 given 10 mg or more of @entity3 was 0.51 (95% CI 0.38-0.69), an appreciably greater effect than for the 5 mg dose. We found a similar reduction in RR across nonvertebral fracture types; in particular, RR reductions for @entity2 traditionally thought to be " @entity4 ," such as hip and forearm, were very similar to RR reductions for "nonosteoporotic" @entity2 . Individual studies showed similar results, reflected in the P values of the test of heterogeneity (P = 0.99 for vertebral and 0.88 for @entity2 ). @entity3 produced positive effects on the percentage change in bone density, which increased with both dose and time. After 3 yr of treatment with 10 mg of @entity3 or more, the pooled estimate of the difference in percentage change between @entity3 and placebo was 7.48% (95% CI 6.12-8.85) for the lumbar spine (2-3 yr), 5.60% (95% CI 4.80-6.39) for the hip (3-4 yr), 2.08% (95% CI 1.53-2.63) for the forearm (2-4 yr), and 2.73% (95% CI 2.27-3.20) for the total body (3 yr). Heterogeneity of the treatment effect of @entity3 was not consistently explained by any of our a priori hypotheses; in particular, the effect was very similar in prevention and treatment studies. The pooled RR for discontinuing medication due to adverse effects for 5 mg or greater of @entity3 was 1.15 (95% CI 0.93-1.42). The pooled RR for discontinuing medication due to gastro-intestinal (GI) side effects for 5 mg or greater was 1.03 (0.81-1.30, P = 0.83), and the pooled RR for GI adverse effects with continuation of medication was 1.03 (0.98 to 1.07) P = 0.23. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 increases bone density in both early postmenopausal @entity0 and those with established @entity1 while reducing the rate of @entity2 over 2-3 yr of treatment. Reductions in @entity2 are evident among postmenopausal @entity0 without prevalent @entity2 and have bone mineral density (BMD) levels below the World Health Organization threshold for @entity1 . The impact on @entity2 appears consistent across all fracture types, casting doubt on traditional distinctions between @entity4 and @entity2 .

title: Meta-analyses of therapies for XXXX . II. Meta-analysis of @entity3 for the treatment of postmenopausal @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the effect of @entity3 on bone density and @entity2 in postmenopausal @entity0 . DATA SOURCE: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Current Contents, and the Cochrane Controlled trials registry from 1980 to 1999, and we examined citations of relevant articles and proceedings of international meetings. STUDY SELECTION: We included 11 trials that randomized @entity0 to @entity3 or placebo and measured bone density for at least 1 yr. DATA EXTRACTION: For each trial, three independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality and abstracted data. DATA SYNTHESIS: The pooled relative risk (RR) for @entity2 in @entity0 given 5 mg or more of @entity3 was 0.52 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.43-0.65]. The RR of @entity2 in @entity0 given 10 mg or more of @entity3 was 0.51 (95% CI 0.38-0.69), an appreciably greater effect than for the 5 mg dose. We found a similar reduction in RR across nonvertebral fracture types; in particular, RR reductions for @entity2 traditionally thought to be " @entity4 ," such as hip and forearm, were very similar to RR reductions for "nonosteoporotic" @entity2 . Individual studies showed similar results, reflected in the P values of the test of heterogeneity (P = 0.99 for vertebral and 0.88 for @entity2 ). @entity3 produced positive effects on the percentage change in bone density, which increased with both dose and time. After 3 yr of treatment with 10 mg of @entity3 or more, the pooled estimate of the difference in percentage change between @entity3 and placebo was 7.48% (95% CI 6.12-8.85) for the lumbar spine (2-3 yr), 5.60% (95% CI 4.80-6.39) for the hip (3-4 yr), 2.08% (95% CI 1.53-2.63) for the forearm (2-4 yr), and 2.73% (95% CI 2.27-3.20) for the total body (3 yr). Heterogeneity of the treatment effect of @entity3 was not consistently explained by any of our a priori hypotheses; in particular, the effect was very similar in prevention and treatment studies. The pooled RR for discontinuing medication due to adverse effects for 5 mg or greater of @entity3 was 1.15 (95% CI 0.93-1.42). The pooled RR for discontinuing medication due to gastro-intestinal (GI) side effects for 5 mg or greater was 1.03 (0.81-1.30, P = 0.83), and the pooled RR for GI adverse effects with continuation of medication was 1.03 (0.98 to 1.07) P = 0.23. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 increases bone density in both early postmenopausal @entity0 and those with established @entity1 while reducing the rate of @entity2 over 2-3 yr of treatment. Reductions in @entity2 are evident among postmenopausal @entity0 without prevalent @entity2 and have bone mineral density (BMD) levels below the World Health Organization threshold for @entity1 . The impact on @entity2 appears consistent across all fracture types, casting doubt on traditional distinctions between @entity4 and @entity2 .

title: Meta-analyses of therapies for @entity1 . II. Meta-analysis of @entity3 for the treatment of postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To investigate the outcome of @entity2 resection surgery and changes of pyramidal tract (PT) for @entity0 where PT is immediately adjacent to the @entity1 , which were revealed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) based fiber tracking (FT) technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 40 @entity0 enrolled. Preoperative and intraoperative tractography of the PT was performed before and after @entity2 resection. Motor function was recorded before surgery and 1 week, three to six months after surgery. Distances (D) between intraoperative tractography of the PT and the resection cavity were measured. RESULTS: 14 @entity0 had transient aggravated or newly @entity3 1 week after surgery. After 3 to 6 months follow up, only 3 (7.5%) @entity0 had @entity3 . In 12 (30%) @entity0 , the intraoperative PT tractogram adjoined the resection cavity after @entity1 removal (D=0). They all had transient aggravated @entity3 after surgery and 3 were permanent. In 19 @entity0 with preoperative @entity3 , 11 (57.90%) had zero D value. In other 21 @entity0 , 1 (4.76%) had zero D value. There was significant difference between these two ratio (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: DTI based FT is helpful in protection for the PT during @entity2 surgery, even if the PT is directly adjacent to the @entity2 . @entity0 with preoperative @entity3 faced more risk of persistent aggravated deficits after surgery.

title: Functional outcome of surgery for XXXX directly adjacent to pyramidal tract depicted by diffusion-tensor based fiber tracking.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The therapeutic potential of TA, an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid, for the treatment of @entity3 has been examined in several independent clinical studies. The modulation of permeability and adhesion molecule expression of an epithelial cell line has been described in vitro, with the use of cytokines and @entity7 (TA). In the current study, the influence of proinflammatory cytokines and TA on permeability and adhesion molecule expression in @entity0 choroidal endothelial cells (CECs) was investigated. METHODS: @entity0 CEC isolates treated with @entity2 , @entity1 , and TA were evaluated by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry for expression of @entity6 , @entity8 , and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and -II. The effects of @entity2 , @entity1 , and TA on paracellular permeability of CEC monolayers were assessed in transendothelial cell resistance (TER) assays. RESULTS: Both @entity2 and @entity1 significantly upregulated expression of @entity6 and MHC-I on CECs. Expression of @entity8 was induced after stimulation with both @entity2 and @entity1 , whereas expression of MHC-II was induced only by stimulation with @entity2 . Cytokine-induced expression of @entity6 , MHC-I, and MHC-II antigen by CECs was significantly downregulated by TA. @entity2 stimulation also increased permeability of CEC monolayers, whereas subsequent TA treatment decreased permeability of CEC monolayers. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 CEC isolates provide a useful in vitro model to study @entity5 characteristics and their potential response to pro- and anti-inflammatory agents. In addition, the results indicate that TA has the capacity to reduce adhesion molecule expression and permeability of choroidal vessels in vitro, confirming its potential as a therapeutic agent for treatment of exudative @entity4 .

title: Modulation of permeability and adhesion molecule expression by XXXX choroidal endothelial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiology and impact of mortality from chickenpox in England and Wales. DESIGN: Review of death certificates from the Office for National Statistics on which codes for "chickenpox" or "varicella" were mentioned. Further information ascertained from certifying physician. @entity0 : Those certified as having died from chickenpox in England and Wales, 1995-7. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diagnosis and age and sex distributions of deaths from chickenpox. RESULTS: On average, 25 @entity0 a year die from chickenpox. Overall case fatality was 9.22 per 100 000 consultations for chickenpox. Adults accounted for 81% of deaths and 19% of consultations. @entity1 were twice as common in @entity0 as in @entity0 . More of those who died were born outside United Kingdom than expected (12% v 4%). CONCLUSIONS: Chickenpox is not a mild disease. @entity1 in adults are increasing, both in number and proportion.

title: XXXX from chickenpox in England and Wales 1995-7: analysis of routine mortality data.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: We prospectively compared the diagnostic accuracies of PET/CT and @entity5 in @entity1 with suspected bone @entity2 from @entity0 . METHODS: This single-institution prospective study included consecutive @entity1 with suspected bone @entity2 from biopsy-proven @entity0 seen at Tokai University Hospital between September 2011 and March 2014. Inclusion criteria included suspicions for bone @entity2 (bone @entity4 , elevated alkaline phosphatase, elevated @entity3 markers, or suspected bone @entity2 by @entity5 ). Two nuclear medicine physicians evaluated PET/CT and @entity5 images. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were initially enrolled in this study. Two were excluded from the analyses because they declined to undergo imaging during follow-up. PET/CT successfully detected bone @entity2 in all 10 @entity1 finally diagnosed with the condition, whereas @entity5 identified 2. The two methods were not highly concordant in detecting osseous @entity2 . In 19 of 28 paired studies (68  %), 2 (10  %) were positive for @entity2 , and 17 (90  %) were negative. Nine occurrences (32  %) were discordant; of these, 2 were PET/CT positive and @entity5 negative; 5 were PET/CT positive and @entity5 equivocal; one was PET/CT negative and @entity5 equivocal, and one was PET/CT equivocal and @entity5 negative. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that PET/CT was superior to @entity5 for the diagnosis of bone @entity2 . On the basis of the results of previous studies as well as ours, PET/CT could replace @entity5 as the initial modality to detect bone @entity2 in @entity1 suspected for the condition.

title: Diagnostic performance of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT and bone scintigraphy in XXXX @entity1 with suspected bone @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: We prospectively compared the diagnostic accuracies of PET/CT and @entity5 in @entity1 with suspected bone @entity2 from @entity0 . METHODS: This single-institution prospective study included consecutive @entity1 with suspected bone @entity2 from biopsy-proven @entity0 seen at Tokai University Hospital between September 2011 and March 2014. Inclusion criteria included suspicions for bone @entity2 (bone @entity4 , elevated alkaline phosphatase, elevated @entity3 markers, or suspected bone @entity2 by @entity5 ). Two nuclear medicine physicians evaluated PET/CT and @entity5 images. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were initially enrolled in this study. Two were excluded from the analyses because they declined to undergo imaging during follow-up. PET/CT successfully detected bone @entity2 in all 10 @entity1 finally diagnosed with the condition, whereas @entity5 identified 2. The two methods were not highly concordant in detecting osseous @entity2 . In 19 of 28 paired studies (68  %), 2 (10  %) were positive for @entity2 , and 17 (90  %) were negative. Nine occurrences (32  %) were discordant; of these, 2 were PET/CT positive and @entity5 negative; 5 were PET/CT positive and @entity5 equivocal; one was PET/CT negative and @entity5 equivocal, and one was PET/CT equivocal and @entity5 negative. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that PET/CT was superior to @entity5 for the diagnosis of bone @entity2 . On the basis of the results of previous studies as well as ours, PET/CT could replace @entity5 as the initial modality to detect bone @entity2 in @entity1 suspected for the condition.

title: Diagnostic performance of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT and bone scintigraphy in @entity0 @entity1 with suspected bone XXXX .

answer: @entity2