abstract: @entity1 , an essential trace element, is involved in many important physiological processes. Cell responses to @entity1 stress show time-dependent effects besides concentration-dependence and tissue-specificity. Herein, we investigated the time-dependent differential expression of the proteome in A549 cells after administered with @entity2 for both 9 and 24 h using 2DE. 123 differentially expressed protein spots were detected, most of which were up-regulated by @entity3 treatment. Interestingly, 49 proteins exhibited significant differential expression repeatedly during these two treatment periods, and moreover showed a conserved change with different ratios and four time-dependent expression patterns. Pattern 1 (up-regulated with rapid initial induction and subsequent repression) and pattern 4 (down-regulated with steady repression) were the predominant expression patterns. The abundances of the proteins in patterns 1 and 4 after 24 h of @entity1 treatment are always lower than that after 9 h, indicating that exogenous @entity1 reduced the expression of proteins in cells after 24 h or longer. Importantly, these findings could also reflect the central challenge in detecting @entity1 homeostasis proteins by 2DE or other high throughput analytical methods resulting from slight variation in protein expression after certain durations of exogenous @entity1 treatment and/or low inherent protein content in cells. These time-dependent proteome expression patterns were further validated by measuring dynamic changes in protein content in cells and in expression of two proteins using the Bradford method and western blotting, respectively. The time-dependent changes in total @entity1 and free @entity3 ion contents in cells were measured using ICP- @entity0 and confocal microscopy, respectively. The kinetic process of @entity1 homeostasis regulated by muffling was further revealed. In addition, we identified 50 differentially expressed proteins which are predominantly involved in metabolic process, cellular process or developmental process, and function as binding, catalytic activity or structural molecule activity. This study further elucidates our understanding of dynamic nature of the cellular response to @entity1 stress and the mechanism of @entity1 homeostasis.

title: The Kinetic Response of the Proteome in A549 Cells Exposed to XXXX Stress.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We here report fourteen @entity0 diagnosed as @entity12 ( @entity12 ) in our hospital. Seven @entity0 were males (mean age at onset was 26.6 years), and seven were females (30.6 years). All of the cases had spiking fever ( > 39 degrees C) and joint symptoms. @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity9 were noted in 50% of the @entity0 , respectively. @entity2 was seen in twelve @entity0 (85.7%). Among them, nine @entity0 (64.3%) exhibited @entity6 . @entity11 or @entity7 was seen in one case each. Only one @entity0 revealed @entity1 . @entity5 was present in 50% of the cases. The ratio of occurrence of secondary @entity8 was 14.3%. Four @entity0 (28.6%) were diagnosed to have the apophyseal narrowing at the cervical spine (C2-C3). Two @entity0 (14.3%) accompanied by Sj  gren's syndrome were @entity0 over 40 years of age. The levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor were significantly elevated in the sera obtained from seven @entity0 with @entity12 and four @entity0 with @entity10 , compared with normal controls. It seems to support the notion that immunopathologic processes via T cell activation play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity12 .

title: [Clinical studies on 14 cases of XXXX ].

answer: @entity12


abstract: We examined proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells in 10 day mixed culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy subjects with irradiated bone @entity1 cells (BMMC) with @entity4 . In culture, NK cells increased with 9.5-fold. However, no increase was observed in T cells. The NK cell proliferating activity of PBMC stimulated with BMMC was higher than that of @entity3 . NK cells at a purity of 90% or higher purity were collected from 10 day culture. Proliferation of these NK cells was stimulated by the addition of @entity3 but was suppressed by the addition of antibody coated erythrocyte (EA). @entity2 production was negligible in cultures of these NK cells alone but was marked in cultures with EA stimulate @entity2 production. Next, the NK cell obtained as above showed marked NK activity against K 562 cells, and this activity was further enhanced by the addition of @entity3 . Also, while NK cells, these NK cells had some activity against Daudi cells and it was enhanced by the addition of @entity3 . These results also suggest the presence of unknown cytokines with NK cell proliferating activities in the bone marrow of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: [Preferential proliferation of natural killer cells with bone @entity1 cells in XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: We examined proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells in 10 day mixed culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy subjects with irradiated bone @entity1 cells (BMMC) with @entity4 . In culture, NK cells increased with 9.5-fold. However, no increase was observed in T cells. The NK cell proliferating activity of PBMC stimulated with BMMC was higher than that of @entity3 . NK cells at a purity of 90% or higher purity were collected from 10 day culture. Proliferation of these NK cells was stimulated by the addition of @entity3 but was suppressed by the addition of antibody coated erythrocyte (EA). @entity2 production was negligible in cultures of these NK cells alone but was marked in cultures with EA stimulate @entity2 production. Next, the NK cell obtained as above showed marked NK activity against K 562 cells, and this activity was further enhanced by the addition of @entity3 . Also, while NK cells, these NK cells had some activity against Daudi cells and it was enhanced by the addition of @entity3 . These results also suggest the presence of unknown cytokines with NK cell proliferating activities in the bone marrow of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: [Preferential proliferation of natural killer cells with bone XXXX cells in @entity4 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: NK and LAK activities of a @entity0 who recovered from @entity2 were determined. He was diagnosed in 1980 and operations, radiations and chemotherapies were repeated until 1986. Since 1987, a relapse has not been recognized, and he is now in a @entity1 free state. Recently, his very high NK and LAK activities were found. The percentage of @entity5 + in his peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was 52.9%, the @entity3 - @entity4 - @entity5 + was 26.6% (17.5% and 12.1% in control, respectively). It seems likely that his @entity1 free condition may be related to these high killer activities. As a high number of @entity3 - @entity4 - cells were included in his PBL, it was possible to generate a @entity3 - @entity4 (-)-LAK and compare it with the @entity6 . The @entity3 - @entity4 (-)-LAK exhibited higher killer activity which was maintained for a long period of the culture, and a strong adherence property against the cultured @entity1 cells. Whereas, the @entity6 did not show such a high level of killer activity which decreased after two weeks into the culture. However, the @entity6 in this @entity0 demonstrated higher killer activity against the auto- @entity1 cell line compared to what occurred with the control. A type of specific killing against auto- @entity1 cells may be contained in his @entity4 (+)-LAK, although the MHC-restrictive killing was not confirmed. It remains unclear why the killer activities increased in this @entity0 .

title: [Natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activities of a @entity0 recovered from XXXX , and the characteristics of LAK cells generated from lymphocyte subsets].

answer: @entity2


abstract: NK and LAK activities of a @entity0 who recovered from @entity2 were determined. He was diagnosed in 1980 and operations, radiations and chemotherapies were repeated until 1986. Since 1987, a relapse has not been recognized, and he is now in a @entity1 free state. Recently, his very high NK and LAK activities were found. The percentage of @entity5 + in his peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was 52.9%, the @entity3 - @entity4 - @entity5 + was 26.6% (17.5% and 12.1% in control, respectively). It seems likely that his @entity1 free condition may be related to these high killer activities. As a high number of @entity3 - @entity4 - cells were included in his PBL, it was possible to generate a @entity3 - @entity4 (-)-LAK and compare it with the @entity6 . The @entity3 - @entity4 (-)-LAK exhibited higher killer activity which was maintained for a long period of the culture, and a strong adherence property against the cultured @entity1 cells. Whereas, the @entity6 did not show such a high level of killer activity which decreased after two weeks into the culture. However, the @entity6 in this @entity0 demonstrated higher killer activity against the auto- @entity1 cell line compared to what occurred with the control. A type of specific killing against auto- @entity1 cells may be contained in his @entity4 (+)-LAK, although the MHC-restrictive killing was not confirmed. It remains unclear why the killer activities increased in this @entity0 .

title: [Natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activities of a XXXX recovered from @entity2 , and the characteristics of LAK cells generated from lymphocyte subsets].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The object of this study was to ascertain the frequency of postinfectious @entity1 's milk protein hypersensitivity (CMPH). Twenty-four @entity0 less than 3 months old were included in the study. Following hospitalization for @entity3 , the @entity0 were given a protein hydrolysate formula for a period of 6 weeks, after which an intestinal biopsy was performed. Thereafter, a milk challenge was given. The existence of CMPH was defined as a postchallenge reduction of one or more of the mucosal disaccharidases below the normal levels for our laboratory. A bacterial etiology of the @entity4 was found in 10. Nineteen @entity0 had no adverse reaction to @entity1 's milk after 6 weeks on a hypoallergenic formula. Only two could be confidently diagnosed as having developed secondary CMPH; both had been infected by @entity2 0 111. One @entity0 had primary CMPH and one extra-intestinal CMPH. The incidence of secondary CMPH with gastrointestinal manifestations in this series was considerably less than described elsewhere.

title: Prevalence of postenteritis XXXX 's milk protein intolerance.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report our early experience with mini-laparotomy staging pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) for clinically localized @entity3 . We have used virtually the same original technique described by Steiner and Marshall. A 5 cm lower midline abdominal incision provides excellent exposure, allowing complete PLND under direct visualization. If radical retropubic prostatectomy is indicated by the state of the pelvic lymph nodes, this can be performed only by extending the same incision. Nine @entity0 with histologically proven @entity3 underwent mini-laparotomy staging PLND. The average intraoperative time for mini-laparotomy PLND was 33 minutes (range, 25-50 minutes). The intraoperative @entity2 was 44 ml (range, 20-90 ml). The mean number of pelvic lymph nodes removed was 6.9 (range, 5-10 nodes) on the right and 10.8 (range, 8-21 nodes) on the left. Eight @entity0 underwent immediate radical retropubic prostatectomy and one had radiation therapy. There were no complications directly related to the mini-laparotomy staging PLND. Mini-laparotomy staging PLND is an attractive alternative to laparoscopic PLND, especially for @entity0 at low risk of lymph node @entity1 .

title: Mini-laparotomy staging pelvic lymph node dissection for localized XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Serum of normal volunteers and serum of @entity1 @entity0 receiving either a single drug or combined antiepileptic therapy with @entity4 ( @entity6 ); @entity2 ( @entity3 ); @entity5 (Prim); Phenobarbital (Phb) were examined and showed: No differences with regard to total proteins, albumins and A/G ratio. The alpha 1-globulin fraction increased to 4.4% with @entity6 / @entity3 (P less than 0.001) and decreased to 1.7% with @entity6 /Prim = (P less than 0.001). The alpha 2-globulins corresponded to 7.2% (P less than 0.001) with @entity6 /Prim and 15.5% (P less than 0.001) with @entity6 /Phb treatments. beta-Globulins decreased to 7.1% (P less than 0.05) when received @entity6 /Phb treatment. Low concentrations of serum gamma-Globulins were found in Phb (P less than 0.001), Prim (P less than 0.001, @entity6 (P less than 0.001) treated @entity0 . However, with @entity3 , @entity6 /Phb, @entity6 /Prim this electrophoretic fraction remained within the upper range of normal. IgA of @entity0 treated with @entity6 showed a mean of 60 mg/dl. Those @entity0 with @entity6 serum levels below or above 12-20 micrograms/ml remained normal. Prim and Phb treatment also decreased IgA. IgD was normal in @entity0 treated with @entity6 /Prim. Alterations of immune humoral responses to all antiepileptic drugs were found.

title: Effects of antiepileptic drugs on concentration of serum proteins and immunoglobulins of XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Serum of normal volunteers and serum of @entity1 @entity0 receiving either a single drug or combined antiepileptic therapy with @entity4 ( @entity6 ); @entity2 ( @entity3 ); @entity5 (Prim); Phenobarbital (Phb) were examined and showed: No differences with regard to total proteins, albumins and A/G ratio. The alpha 1-globulin fraction increased to 4.4% with @entity6 / @entity3 (P less than 0.001) and decreased to 1.7% with @entity6 /Prim = (P less than 0.001). The alpha 2-globulins corresponded to 7.2% (P less than 0.001) with @entity6 /Prim and 15.5% (P less than 0.001) with @entity6 /Phb treatments. beta-Globulins decreased to 7.1% (P less than 0.05) when received @entity6 /Phb treatment. Low concentrations of serum gamma-Globulins were found in Phb (P less than 0.001), Prim (P less than 0.001, @entity6 (P less than 0.001) treated @entity0 . However, with @entity3 , @entity6 /Phb, @entity6 /Prim this electrophoretic fraction remained within the upper range of normal. IgA of @entity0 treated with @entity6 showed a mean of 60 mg/dl. Those @entity0 with @entity6 serum levels below or above 12-20 micrograms/ml remained normal. Prim and Phb treatment also decreased IgA. IgD was normal in @entity0 treated with @entity6 /Prim. Alterations of immune humoral responses to all antiepileptic drugs were found.

title: Effects of antiepileptic drugs on concentration of serum proteins and immunoglobulins of @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Loss of epithelioid organization in @entity2 cell lines has been related to @entity1 . We investigated the invasion in vitro of various @entity0 @entity3 cell lines. Most cell lines were noninvasive into @entity4 heart fragments, and this correlated with an epithelioid morphotype. Only cell lines COLO320DM, SW620, and variants of HCT-8 and DLD-1 were invasive and nonepithelioid. We examined in these cell lines whether invasiveness was related to changes in the structure and function of the @entity5 /catenin complex. @entity5 functions as an invasion suppressor and as a cell-cell adhesion molecule when linked to the cytoskeleton via @entity6 plus beta- or gamma-catenin. All noninvasive cell lines showed @entity5 linked to these catenins. The @entity5 -dependent cell-cell adhesion function in these cell lines was demonstrated by two assays in vitro. It was interesting that all invasive cell lines showed a dysfunctional @entity5 /catenin complex. COLO320DM, SW480, and SW620 cells were defective in @entity5 expression, whereas the invasive variants of HCT-8 and DLD-1 lacked the @entity6 protein. From clonal epithelioid HCT-8 cultures with functional @entity5 /catenin complexes, we subcloned, repeatedly, round cell variants that were again invasive and expressed no @entity6 protein. Our data suggest that reproducible transformations toward a more invasive phenotype in HCT-8 cells are associated with down-regulation of @entity6 . The mechanisms of this transformation and the level of @entity6 down-regulation are currently investigated.

title: Transition from the noninvasive to the invasive phenotype and loss of @entity6 in @entity0 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Loss of epithelioid organization in @entity2 cell lines has been related to @entity1 . We investigated the invasion in vitro of various @entity0 @entity3 cell lines. Most cell lines were noninvasive into @entity4 heart fragments, and this correlated with an epithelioid morphotype. Only cell lines COLO320DM, SW620, and variants of HCT-8 and DLD-1 were invasive and nonepithelioid. We examined in these cell lines whether invasiveness was related to changes in the structure and function of the @entity5 /catenin complex. @entity5 functions as an invasion suppressor and as a cell-cell adhesion molecule when linked to the cytoskeleton via @entity6 plus beta- or gamma-catenin. All noninvasive cell lines showed @entity5 linked to these catenins. The @entity5 -dependent cell-cell adhesion function in these cell lines was demonstrated by two assays in vitro. It was interesting that all invasive cell lines showed a dysfunctional @entity5 /catenin complex. COLO320DM, SW480, and SW620 cells were defective in @entity5 expression, whereas the invasive variants of HCT-8 and DLD-1 lacked the @entity6 protein. From clonal epithelioid HCT-8 cultures with functional @entity5 /catenin complexes, we subcloned, repeatedly, round cell variants that were again invasive and expressed no @entity6 protein. Our data suggest that reproducible transformations toward a more invasive phenotype in HCT-8 cells are associated with down-regulation of @entity6 . The mechanisms of this transformation and the level of @entity6 down-regulation are currently investigated.

title: Transition from the noninvasive to the invasive phenotype and loss of XXXX in @entity0 @entity3 cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Loss of epithelioid organization in @entity2 cell lines has been related to @entity1 . We investigated the invasion in vitro of various @entity0 @entity3 cell lines. Most cell lines were noninvasive into @entity4 heart fragments, and this correlated with an epithelioid morphotype. Only cell lines COLO320DM, SW620, and variants of HCT-8 and DLD-1 were invasive and nonepithelioid. We examined in these cell lines whether invasiveness was related to changes in the structure and function of the @entity5 /catenin complex. @entity5 functions as an invasion suppressor and as a cell-cell adhesion molecule when linked to the cytoskeleton via @entity6 plus beta- or gamma-catenin. All noninvasive cell lines showed @entity5 linked to these catenins. The @entity5 -dependent cell-cell adhesion function in these cell lines was demonstrated by two assays in vitro. It was interesting that all invasive cell lines showed a dysfunctional @entity5 /catenin complex. COLO320DM, SW480, and SW620 cells were defective in @entity5 expression, whereas the invasive variants of HCT-8 and DLD-1 lacked the @entity6 protein. From clonal epithelioid HCT-8 cultures with functional @entity5 /catenin complexes, we subcloned, repeatedly, round cell variants that were again invasive and expressed no @entity6 protein. Our data suggest that reproducible transformations toward a more invasive phenotype in HCT-8 cells are associated with down-regulation of @entity6 . The mechanisms of this transformation and the level of @entity6 down-regulation are currently investigated.

title: Transition from the noninvasive to the invasive phenotype and loss of @entity6 in XXXX @entity3 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Our results strongly indicate that integrin mediated adhesion between metastasizing @entity1 cells and hepatocytes has a decisive role in the formation of liver metastases. However, it is also clear that @entity1 cells may use different adhesion pathways and furthermore that the adhesion may be modulated by several factors. The role of adhesion has been demonstrated most clearly for @entity4 on T cell hybridomas, which interacts with @entity5 present in the liver. Alternative pathways must exist, however, given the high invasive capacity of ESb cells, which is apparently @entity4 independent. A possible alternative is adhesion to fibronectin, which is present in abundance on the hepatocyte surface, both in vivo and in vitro. As there is no basement membrane under the endothelium of liver microvessels, so that @entity1 cells cannot adhere to laminin and collagen type IV as in other organs, adhesion to this fibronectin may be particularly important for @entity0 to the liver. Many @entity1 types can use this pathway, and many different fibronectin receptors may be involved, including VLA-4, @entity6 and several alpha V integrins. For @entity2 there is another possibility: Fibronectin receptor deficient cells may still adhere using the integrin alpha 6 beta 4, which binds to an unknown ligand present on the hepatocyte surface. Modulation of adhesion can occur in several ways. One example is steric hindrance by mucins that may strongly affect and even abrogate adhesion, despite high levels of appropriate integrins. Another is the activation required for integrins on @entity3 cells, the best known example of which is the activation of @entity4 on T cell hybridomas. It will be evident, therefore, that the role of adhesion in the formation of liver metastases can only be fully understood if the complete set of adhesion molecules on the @entity1 cells is known as well as their functional status and the possible effects of both cellular and extracellular modulating factors.

title: Adhesion mechanisms in liver XXXX formation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The product of six @entity2 were collected from one @entity0 (consuming a normal western diet) over a period of 5 months. Aqueous faecal extracts were prepared (0.75 g wet wt./ml water) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Graded doses were assayed aerobically and anaerobically for mutagenicity in replicate microtitre fluctuation tests employing @entity5 reversion in @entity4 TA100 and @entity3 reversion in @entity1 WP2uvrA(pKM101), and in aerobic SOS Chromotests, using @entity1 PQ37. The @entity5 and @entity3 content of each extract was determined by (i) pre-column derivatisation with @entity6 followed by reverse-phase h.p.l.c. and (ii) by aerobic and anaerobic bioassays employing appropriate auxotrophic strains of @entity4 and @entity1 . All six faecal samples contained enough @entity5 and @entity3 or their precursors to compromise the interpretation of fluctuation tests. The h.p.l.c. technique, though quantitatively detecting free @entity3 added to faecal extracts, did not account for growth-enhancing effects of faecal extracts detected by bioassay using bacteria with a requirement for @entity3 . However, h.p.l.c. detected @entity5 more efficiently than bioassays. A combination of reconstruction experiments and bioassays enabled construction of 'growth windows' within which, in fluctuation tests, dose-related increases in numbers of positive wells could be ascribed to mutation rather than to feeding of auxotrophic bacteria. Under aerobic conditions of extraction and assay, five out of six samples were mutagenic to @entity4 TA100, and all six were mutagenic to @entity1 WP2uvrA(pKM101). None of the samples extracted and assayed anaerobically was mutagenic to @entity4 , but all six were positive in @entity1 WP2uvrA(pKM101). There was an increase both in faecal @entity5 and @entity3 and in mutagenicity during the period of collection, the association between faecal @entity3 and faecal mutagenicity being statistically significant. All the samples were negative in the SOS Chromotests. We conclude that this donor regularly excretes faeces which contain at least two classes of water-soluble directly-acting mutagens which are not detected in SOS Chromotest at doses five times those giving positive effects in fluctuation tests.

title: Further studies on the detection of mutagenic and genotoxic activity in XXXX faeces: aerobic and anaerobic fluctuation tests with @entity4 and @entity1 , and the SOS Chromotest.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The product of six @entity2 were collected from one @entity0 (consuming a normal western diet) over a period of 5 months. Aqueous faecal extracts were prepared (0.75 g wet wt./ml water) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Graded doses were assayed aerobically and anaerobically for mutagenicity in replicate microtitre fluctuation tests employing @entity5 reversion in @entity4 TA100 and @entity3 reversion in @entity1 WP2uvrA(pKM101), and in aerobic SOS Chromotests, using @entity1 PQ37. The @entity5 and @entity3 content of each extract was determined by (i) pre-column derivatisation with @entity6 followed by reverse-phase h.p.l.c. and (ii) by aerobic and anaerobic bioassays employing appropriate auxotrophic strains of @entity4 and @entity1 . All six faecal samples contained enough @entity5 and @entity3 or their precursors to compromise the interpretation of fluctuation tests. The h.p.l.c. technique, though quantitatively detecting free @entity3 added to faecal extracts, did not account for growth-enhancing effects of faecal extracts detected by bioassay using bacteria with a requirement for @entity3 . However, h.p.l.c. detected @entity5 more efficiently than bioassays. A combination of reconstruction experiments and bioassays enabled construction of 'growth windows' within which, in fluctuation tests, dose-related increases in numbers of positive wells could be ascribed to mutation rather than to feeding of auxotrophic bacteria. Under aerobic conditions of extraction and assay, five out of six samples were mutagenic to @entity4 TA100, and all six were mutagenic to @entity1 WP2uvrA(pKM101). None of the samples extracted and assayed anaerobically was mutagenic to @entity4 , but all six were positive in @entity1 WP2uvrA(pKM101). There was an increase both in faecal @entity5 and @entity3 and in mutagenicity during the period of collection, the association between faecal @entity3 and faecal mutagenicity being statistically significant. All the samples were negative in the SOS Chromotests. We conclude that this donor regularly excretes faeces which contain at least two classes of water-soluble directly-acting mutagens which are not detected in SOS Chromotest at doses five times those giving positive effects in fluctuation tests.

title: Further studies on the detection of mutagenic and genotoxic activity in @entity0 faeces: aerobic and anaerobic fluctuation tests with @entity4 and XXXX , and the SOS Chromotest.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The product of six @entity2 were collected from one @entity0 (consuming a normal western diet) over a period of 5 months. Aqueous faecal extracts were prepared (0.75 g wet wt./ml water) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Graded doses were assayed aerobically and anaerobically for mutagenicity in replicate microtitre fluctuation tests employing @entity5 reversion in @entity4 TA100 and @entity3 reversion in @entity1 WP2uvrA(pKM101), and in aerobic SOS Chromotests, using @entity1 PQ37. The @entity5 and @entity3 content of each extract was determined by (i) pre-column derivatisation with @entity6 followed by reverse-phase h.p.l.c. and (ii) by aerobic and anaerobic bioassays employing appropriate auxotrophic strains of @entity4 and @entity1 . All six faecal samples contained enough @entity5 and @entity3 or their precursors to compromise the interpretation of fluctuation tests. The h.p.l.c. technique, though quantitatively detecting free @entity3 added to faecal extracts, did not account for growth-enhancing effects of faecal extracts detected by bioassay using bacteria with a requirement for @entity3 . However, h.p.l.c. detected @entity5 more efficiently than bioassays. A combination of reconstruction experiments and bioassays enabled construction of 'growth windows' within which, in fluctuation tests, dose-related increases in numbers of positive wells could be ascribed to mutation rather than to feeding of auxotrophic bacteria. Under aerobic conditions of extraction and assay, five out of six samples were mutagenic to @entity4 TA100, and all six were mutagenic to @entity1 WP2uvrA(pKM101). None of the samples extracted and assayed anaerobically was mutagenic to @entity4 , but all six were positive in @entity1 WP2uvrA(pKM101). There was an increase both in faecal @entity5 and @entity3 and in mutagenicity during the period of collection, the association between faecal @entity3 and faecal mutagenicity being statistically significant. All the samples were negative in the SOS Chromotests. We conclude that this donor regularly excretes faeces which contain at least two classes of water-soluble directly-acting mutagens which are not detected in SOS Chromotest at doses five times those giving positive effects in fluctuation tests.

title: Further studies on the detection of mutagenic and genotoxic activity in @entity0 faeces: aerobic and anaerobic fluctuation tests with XXXX and @entity1 , and the SOS Chromotest.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sex hormones are physiological factors that promote neurogenesis during embryonic and fetal development. During childhood and adulthood these hormones support the maintenance of brain structure and function via neurogenesis and the formation of dendritic spines, axons and synapses required for the capture, processing and retrieval of information (memories). Not surprisingly, changes in these reproductive hormones with menopause and during andropause are strongly correlated with @entity6 and @entity5 . In this connection, much evidence now indicates that @entity8 ( @entity8 ) involves aberrant re-entry of post-mitotic neurons into the cell cycle. Cell cycle abnormalities appear very early in the disease, prior to the appearance of plaques and tangles, and explain the biochemical, neuropathological and cognitive changes observed with disease progression. Intriguingly, a recent animal study has demonstrated that induction of adult neurogenesis results in the loss of previously encoded memories while decreasing neurogenesis after memory formation during infancy mitigated forgetting. Since sex hormones control neuron proliferation and differentiation, here we review the biochemical, epidemiological and clinical evidence that alterations in endocrine signaling with menopause and andropause drive the aberrant re-entry of post-mitotic neurons into an abortive cell cycle with neurite retraction that leads to @entity12 and @entity9 . When the reproductive axis is in balance, gonadotropins such as luteinizing hormone (LH), and its fetal homolog, @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), promote pluripotent @entity0 and totipotent @entity2 embryonic stem cell and neuron proliferation. However, strong evidence supports menopausal/andropausal elevations in the LH:sex @entity10 ratio as driving aberrant mitotic events mediated by the upregulation of @entity1 @entity3 factor, amyloid-b precursor protein processing towards the production of mitogenic Ab, and the activation of @entity14 , a key regulator of cell cycle progression and tau phosphorylation (a cardinal feature of both neurogenesis and @entity6 ). Cognitive and biochemical studies confirm the negative consequences of a high LH:sex @entity11 ratio on dendritic spine density and @entity0 cognitive performance. Prospective epidemiological and clinical evidence in @entity0 supports rebalancing the ratio of circulating gonadotropins:sex @entity10 in reducing the incidence of @entity8 . Together, these data support endocrine @entity13 and the subsequent loss of cell cycle control as an important etiological event in the development of @entity6 including @entity8 , @entity4 and @entity7 .

title: The Endocrine Dyscrasia that Accompanies Menopause and Andropause Induces Aberrant Cell Cycle Signaling that Triggers Re-entry of Post-mitotic Neurons into the Cell Cycle, Neurodysfunction, XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between speech intensity and self-ratings of communicative effectiveness in speakers with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and hypophonia. An additional purpose was to evaluate if self-ratings of communicative effectiveness made by @entity0 with @entity1 differed from ratings made by primary communication partners. METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with @entity1 and 15 healthy older adults completed the Communication Effectiveness Survey. Thirty primary communication partners rated the communicative effectiveness of his/her partner with @entity1 . Speech intensity was calculated for @entity0 with @entity1 and control @entity0 based on conversational utterances. RESULTS: Results revealed significant differences between groups in conversational speech intensity (p=.001). @entity0 with @entity1 self-rated communicative effectiveness significantly lower than control @entity0 (p=.000). Correlational analyses revealed a small but non-significant relationship between speech intensity and communicative effectiveness for @entity0 with @entity1 (r=0.298, p=.110) and control @entity0 (r=0.327, p=.234). Self-ratings of communicative effectiveness made @entity0 with @entity1 was not significantly different than ratings made by primary communication partners (p=.20). CONCLUSIONS: Obtaining information on communicative effectiveness may help to broaden outcome measurement and may aid in the provision of educational strategies. Findings also suggest that communicative effectiveness may be a separate and a distinct construct that cannot necessarily be predicted from the severity of hypophonia.

title: Examining the relationship between speech intensity and self-rated communicative effectiveness in individuals with XXXX and hypophonia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are reported to occur due to @entity6 on the arteries of the brain. As @entity0 is a risk factor for @entity2 and insulin is reported to prevent @entity6 , the role of insulin in @entity4 and @entity2 was investigated. Forty eight @entity2 victims ( @entity4  =  22, @entity2  =  26) and equal number of aged and sex matched normal volunteers participated in the study. @entity7 was determined by methemoglobin method. Insulin and Dermcidin isoform-2 (DCN2) level was determined by ELISA by using insulin and dermcidin antibody. Insulin binding to the platelet membrane was analyzed by scat chard plot. Treatment of normal platelet rich plasma (10(8)platelets/ml) with 15 Units insulin/ml produced 1.41  nmol NO. The @entity10 from the @entity4 and @entity2 victims produced 0.38  nmol NO and 0.08  nmol NO respectively. Pretreatment of @entity10 from @entity4 or @entity2 subjects with 15   M @entity3 followed by 15 Units of insulin/ml resensitized the platelets to the inhibitory effect of insulin. @entity1 hepatocytes treated with 0.14   M DCN2 abolished the @entity5 induced insulin synthesis by NO that can be reversed by using 15   M @entity3 . It can be concluded that presence of DCN2 in @entity2 causes a condition similar to @entity9 and nullified the effect of insulin in the inhibition of @entity8 in both @entity4 and @entity2 . The effect was reversed by 15   M @entity3 .

title: The impaired synthesis of insulin and its inability to inhibit XXXX in cerebrovascular accident.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This report describes the morphological and immunohistochemical features of the first case of a @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of the urinary bladder infected with polyomavirus. The findings occurred in a female @entity0 , 6 months post cadaveric renal transplant. Voided urine cytology was positive for decoy cells. Renal transplant biopsy showed no evidence of @entity8 allograft @entity2 . Cystoscopy demonstrated multiple erythematous patchy and nodular areas. These were found in the left and right posterior wall, and the right lateral wall toward the bladder neck, and were suspicious for either @entity3 or @entity1 . @entity5 - @entity6 stained sections showed a @entity4 with scattered pleomorphic nuclei demonstrating smudged chromatin and amorphous basophilic ground glass inclusions. Strong expression of polyomavirus large T antigen (SV40) and VP1 was seen in atypical lesional cells, consistent with cytopathic @entity7 . Positive staining with @entity9 supports the renal cell derivation of @entity4 . The findings in the present case suggest that @entity7 , as an irritant of the bladder mucosa, contributed to the cytologic atypia of infected lesional cells but is not a pathogenic factor of @entity4 .

title: XXXX -infected nephrogenic adenoma of the urinary bladder in a renal transplant recipient: A case report.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity0 @entity3 is primarily an infection of the upper respiratory tract and central airways. The interferon (IFN) system appears to have a role in limiting viral spread and initiating recovery before the development of T-cell and B-cell responses in @entity2 . All cellular responses to IFNs result from interaction with cell surface receptors that trigger the expression of a number of cellular genes. Among the IFN-inducible gene products, the Mx proteins have attracted much attention because they have potential activity against @entity3 virus and possibly against other viruses. Mx proteins are @entity8 ( @entity8 )-binding proteins with intrinsic GTPase activity. They seem to act indirectly against viruses by modifying cellular functions needed along the viral replication pathway. In @entity1 the Mx1 protein has been shown to be necessary and sufficient to protect against @entity4 because the resistance does not require a functioning immune system. In @entity0 the @entity9 protein has antiviral activities against @entity3 viruses. The @entity9 protein is encoded on the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 21 together with several other proteins implicated in the IFN system. @entity0 with @entity6 (trisomy 21) have an increased expression of @entity9 protein, and their cells display an increased sensitivity to IFNs in vitro because of gene dosage effects. These @entity0 , however, are more susceptible to upper @entity7 than normal individuals. This susceptibility has been related to @entity5 . Therefore, induction of @entity9 in @entity0 does not sem sufficient to prevent @entity3 spreading, and, in contrast to the @entity1 Mx system, a functioning immune system is necessary for protection.

title: Interferons, Mx genes, and resistance to XXXX virus.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 is a very rare condition, generally unilateral, and presents mostly as an @entity4 without systemic compromise. Our purpose is to present a new case of @entity5 with a bilateral conjunctival involvement. CASE PRESENTATION: A 66-years-old caucasian female complaining of @entity3 and chemosis in both eyes for the last five years had been discontinuously treated with topical antibiotics and corticosteroids without any evident improvement. She presented with a pink-yellow infiltration in the inferior conjunctiva of both eyes. Conjunctival biopsy under optical microscopy revealed @entity2 , confirmed by Congo red staining. Mucosal biopsy from esophagus and rectus confirmed @entity7 by Congo red stain. Immunohistochemistry of bone marrow biopsy showed an increased number of plasma cells and an over-expression of light chain kappa subunit. She was treated with @entity1 and lubrication with an improvement of symptoms. @entity8 remained stable after a follow-up of 3  years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 is a rare entity that may be overlooked, and should be differentiated from chronic @entity6 and @entity0 . Although it presents most frequently as a local process, a systemic involvement should always be ruled out.

title: XXXX with bilateral conjunctival involvement: a case report.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim was to verify the potential association between @entity2 genetic polymorphisms and clinical outcome of hormone therapy in @entity4 (HR)-positive early @entity0 . METHODS: Genotyping for @entity2 @entity6 ( @entity5 ) polymorphism was performed on 287 @entity1 with @entity0 . Associations were evaluated between @entity2 @entity6 genotypes and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: Totally, @entity1 with the minor allele ( @entity3 or AC) had an improved DFS when compared with those carrying the homozygous common allele (CC) ( @entity3 or AC vs. CC: 62.7 months versus 55.6 months; Hazard ratio (HR), 0.745; 95% CI, 0.562-0.988; P = 0.04). The difference was further demonstrated by multivariate analyses (HR, 0.681; 95% CI, 0.506-0.917; P = 0.011). In premenopausal @entity1 , @entity3 genotype was associated with a prolonged DFS ( @entity3 versus CC or AC: 98.2 months versus 56.2 months; HR, 0.425; 95% CI, 0.198-0.914; P = 0.024). In addition, @entity1 with the A allele had an improved DFS when compared with those carrying the homozygous C allele ( @entity3 or AC vs. CC: 62.7 months versus 55.6 months; HR, 0.709; 95% CI, 0.516-0.975; P = 0.033). These findings were further confirmed by the Cox regression model (HR, 0.336, 0.670; 95% CI, 0.160-0.836, 0.479-0.938; P = 0.017, 0.019). In postmenopausal @entity1 , @entity6 genotypes were significantly associated with DFS ( @entity3 versus AC versus CC: 32.7 months versus not reached versus 56.3 months; P = 0.011). @entity1 carrying @entity3 variant had a poorer DFS than those with CC or AC genotypes (32.7 months versus 70.6 months; HR, 3.613; 95% CI, 1.380-9.457; P = 0.005). Furthermore, being adjusted by the @entity1 features in multivariate analyses, @entity3 genotype remained an independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR, 3.614; 95% CI, 1.308-9.991; P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The homozygous minor allele ( @entity3 ) of @entity2 @entity6 is significantly associated with improved clinical outcome of hormone therapy in premenopausal @entity0 @entity1 , but with a worse impact on postmenopausal @entity1 . The findings are novel, if confirmed, genotyping for @entity2 @entity6 polymorphism may provide predictive information for better selection of endocrine treatment.

title: S4646 polymorphism in XXXX gene is associated with the efficacy of hormone therapy in early @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim was to verify the potential association between @entity2 genetic polymorphisms and clinical outcome of hormone therapy in @entity4 (HR)-positive early @entity0 . METHODS: Genotyping for @entity2 @entity6 ( @entity5 ) polymorphism was performed on 287 @entity1 with @entity0 . Associations were evaluated between @entity2 @entity6 genotypes and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: Totally, @entity1 with the minor allele ( @entity3 or AC) had an improved DFS when compared with those carrying the homozygous common allele (CC) ( @entity3 or AC vs. CC: 62.7 months versus 55.6 months; Hazard ratio (HR), 0.745; 95% CI, 0.562-0.988; P = 0.04). The difference was further demonstrated by multivariate analyses (HR, 0.681; 95% CI, 0.506-0.917; P = 0.011). In premenopausal @entity1 , @entity3 genotype was associated with a prolonged DFS ( @entity3 versus CC or AC: 98.2 months versus 56.2 months; HR, 0.425; 95% CI, 0.198-0.914; P = 0.024). In addition, @entity1 with the A allele had an improved DFS when compared with those carrying the homozygous C allele ( @entity3 or AC vs. CC: 62.7 months versus 55.6 months; HR, 0.709; 95% CI, 0.516-0.975; P = 0.033). These findings were further confirmed by the Cox regression model (HR, 0.336, 0.670; 95% CI, 0.160-0.836, 0.479-0.938; P = 0.017, 0.019). In postmenopausal @entity1 , @entity6 genotypes were significantly associated with DFS ( @entity3 versus AC versus CC: 32.7 months versus not reached versus 56.3 months; P = 0.011). @entity1 carrying @entity3 variant had a poorer DFS than those with CC or AC genotypes (32.7 months versus 70.6 months; HR, 3.613; 95% CI, 1.380-9.457; P = 0.005). Furthermore, being adjusted by the @entity1 features in multivariate analyses, @entity3 genotype remained an independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR, 3.614; 95% CI, 1.308-9.991; P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The homozygous minor allele ( @entity3 ) of @entity2 @entity6 is significantly associated with improved clinical outcome of hormone therapy in premenopausal @entity0 @entity1 , but with a worse impact on postmenopausal @entity1 . The findings are novel, if confirmed, genotyping for @entity2 @entity6 polymorphism may provide predictive information for better selection of endocrine treatment.

title: S4646 polymorphism in @entity2 gene is associated with the efficacy of hormone therapy in early XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity8 is a plant product isolated from the bark of the Western yew (Taxus brevifolia) that promotes the formation and stabilization of microtubules. This leads to growth arrest in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. @entity8 has demonstrated significant antineoplastic activity in different @entity1 types, most notably in @entity11 . In two Phase II trials (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG]/M.D. Anderson) in @entity0 with previously untreated Stage IIIB-IV @entity7 ( @entity7 ), response rates of 21% and 24% were reported. We are performing a Phase II trial investigating the efficacy of @entity8 in @entity0 with inoperable Stage IIIB-IV @entity7 . Forty-three @entity0 were treated, 31 males and 12 females, with a median age of 59 years (range, 29-75), ECOG performance status 0-2, Stage IIIB 30%, Stage IV 70%. @entity0 were treated every 3 weeks with 225 mg/m2 as a 3-h infusion with standard premedication. Preliminary efficacy results from 37 @entity0 include partial remissions in eight (21.6%) @entity0 , no change in 22 (59.5%) and disease progression in seven (19%) @entity0 . Eight @entity0 are still receiving therapy. The hematologic @entity2 (n = 43) were mild, and no World Health Organization (WHO) Grade 4 @entity9 was observed. Nonhematologic @entity2 were Grade 1/2 @entity3 in 97.6%, Grade 1-3 @entity6 / @entity10 in 76%, and Grade 1-3 @entity4 / @entity5 in 18.6% of the @entity0 . In conclusion, @entity8 is an active single agent in this @entity0 population. Mild hematologic @entity2 were observed in the 3-h infusion setting (compared with 24-h infusion) and therapy was well tolerated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Phase II study with @entity8 for the treatment of advanced inoperable XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity8 is a plant product isolated from the bark of the Western yew (Taxus brevifolia) that promotes the formation and stabilization of microtubules. This leads to growth arrest in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. @entity8 has demonstrated significant antineoplastic activity in different @entity1 types, most notably in @entity11 . In two Phase II trials (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG]/M.D. Anderson) in @entity0 with previously untreated Stage IIIB-IV @entity7 ( @entity7 ), response rates of 21% and 24% were reported. We are performing a Phase II trial investigating the efficacy of @entity8 in @entity0 with inoperable Stage IIIB-IV @entity7 . Forty-three @entity0 were treated, 31 males and 12 females, with a median age of 59 years (range, 29-75), ECOG performance status 0-2, Stage IIIB 30%, Stage IV 70%. @entity0 were treated every 3 weeks with 225 mg/m2 as a 3-h infusion with standard premedication. Preliminary efficacy results from 37 @entity0 include partial remissions in eight (21.6%) @entity0 , no change in 22 (59.5%) and disease progression in seven (19%) @entity0 . Eight @entity0 are still receiving therapy. The hematologic @entity2 (n = 43) were mild, and no World Health Organization (WHO) Grade 4 @entity9 was observed. Nonhematologic @entity2 were Grade 1/2 @entity3 in 97.6%, Grade 1-3 @entity6 / @entity10 in 76%, and Grade 1-3 @entity4 / @entity5 in 18.6% of the @entity0 . In conclusion, @entity8 is an active single agent in this @entity0 population. Mild hematologic @entity2 were observed in the 3-h infusion setting (compared with 24-h infusion) and therapy was well tolerated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Phase II study with XXXX for the treatment of advanced inoperable @entity7 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: It is not easy to evaluate the prognosis of @entity7 . First of all, a positive diagnosis is difficult: the clinical insufficiencies are ill-compensated by sonocardiography as it is less reliable than expected; the very existence of the " @entity7 " described by Barlow is being challenged. Secondly, the most severe complications of mitral prolapse are rare, with respect to its frequency. Some complications are currently well defined. Thus, severe @entity2 , leading to valve replacement, affects elderly @entity0 more than young @entity0 , although the pathological lesions correspond to the same disease. @entity4 is rare and only occurs when there is an audible murmur. @entity1 are varied, with however, frequent junction @entity3 and a marked influence of @entity6 , which may explain the clinical effectiveness of beta-blockers. Unfortunately, severe complications are not as well known. Thus, the risk of @entity5 and cerebral vascular accident cannot be figured out from large statistical studies. Only studies of some so called "risk" sub-groups, should allow a better knowledge of these two complications and a more effective prevention.

title: [Evaluation of the prognosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: During 4 weeks, 40 @entity0 subjects (body mass index 30-45 W/H2) were treated with a 300-kcal mixed diet alone or in combination with exercise training on a bicycle ergometer in a metabolic ward. Exercise had a minor effect on body weight, reflected by an additional fat loss of 1.7 kg (expected loss: 4.0 kg). @entity5 was improved by diet and normalized by diet combined with exercise; a similar effect was observed regarding C-peptide levels. Plasma concentrations of @entity3 and @entity2 decreased in both groups. At maximal work, @entity2 levels were higher in the group with exercise. Free @entity4 and free @entity1 increased at rest as well as during exercise in subjects on both regimens, the difference being more pronounced in the exercise group. Enhanced oxidation of fat was substantiated by lower respiratory quotients during endurance exercise. Working capacity increased and blood pressure decreased considerably as a consequence of physical training. It is concluded that exercise training in addition to a hypocaloric diet lowers body weight and body fat, although to a lower degree than expected. During and following bouts of exercise, fat mobilization and oxidation is enhanced, but these effects are probably counteracted at rest. On the other hand, the diet-induced deterioration of physical performance is overcompensated.

title: Metabolic effects and body fat mass changes in XXXX subjects on a very-low-calorie diet with and without intensive physical training.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: About 30-50% of @entity1 are organically not sufficiently explained or related to a @entity2 . Of @entity0 with @entity1 , 80% are severely impaired by @entity5 in their daily and working lives; nevertheless, they are often not diagnosed or treated adequately. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to give a systematic overview of psychotherapeutic approaches and their efficacy regarding the treatment of @entity5 that is medically not sufficiently explained or related to a @entity2 . METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, PSYNDEX and PsycINFO. Included in this systematic review were (randomised) controlled trials ((R)CTs) concerning psychotherapy in @entity0 with @entity5 , medically not sufficiently explained or associated with a @entity2 . If possible, Hedges' g was used to express the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) of the treatment. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q statistic. In addition, the quality of the studies was rated. RESULTS: Three (R)CTs were included. All studies used cognitive-behavioural treatment methods in combination with relaxation techniques or vestibular rehabilitation. All studies suggested that psychotherapy may provide improvement. The mean @entity6 in the treatment groups was 0.46 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.88) for @entity5 related outcome, 0.10 (-0.44 to 0.64) for @entity3 and 0.17 (-0.24 to 0.58) for @entity4 whereas in the control groups the mean @entity5 related @entity6 was -0.04 (-0.44 to 0.37), @entity3 related @entity6 was -0.03 (-0.43 to 0.38) and @entity4 related @entity6 was -0.02 (-0.42 to 0.38). The quality of the studies was average. Sample sizes were small, however, and there was a lack of long term studies. CONCLUSION: This systematic review provides some preliminary evidence that psychotherapy may be effective in @entity0 with @entity5 that is medically not sufficiently explained or due to a @entity2 . The results should be replicated in larger samples and follow-up RCTs.

title: Psychotherapy in XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We have analyzed the essentiality or contribution to growth of each of four genes in the @entity1 trmD operon (rpsP, 21K, trmD, and rplS) and of the flanking genes ffh and 16K by a reverse genetic method. Mutant alleles were constructed in vitro on plasmids and transferred by recombination to the corresponding @entity2 clone (lambda 439) and from the phage clone to the @entity1 chromosome. An ability to obtain recombinants only in cells carrying a complementing plasmid indicated that the mutated gene was essential, while an ability to obtain recombinants in plasmid-free cells indicated nonessentiality. In this way, Ffh, the @entity1 homolog to the 54-kDa protein of the signal recognition particle of @entity0 cells, and ribosomal proteins S16 and @entity3 were shown to be essential for viability. A deletion of the second gene, 21K, of the trmD operon reduced the growth rate of the cells fivefold, indicating that the wild-type 21-kDa protein is important for viability. A deletion-insertion in the same gene resulted in the accumulation of an assembly intermediate of the 50S ribosomal subunit, as a result of polar effects on the expression of a downstream gene, rplS, which encodes ribosomal protein @entity3 . This finding suggests that @entity3 , previously not considered to be an assembly protein, contributes to the assembly of the 50S ribosomal subunits. Strains deleted for the trmD gene, the third gene of the operon, encoding the tRNA (m1G37)methyltransferase (or TrmD) showed a severalfold reduced growth rate. Since such a strain grew much slower than a strain lacking the tRNA(m(1)G37) methyltransferase activity because of a point mutation, the TrmD protein might have a second function in the cell. Finally, a 16-kDa protein encoded by the gene located downstream of, and convergently transcribed to, the trmD operon was found to be nonessential and not to contribute to growth.

title: Functional analysis of the ffh-trmD region of the XXXX chromosome by using reverse genetics.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A case of @entity5 with cutaneous @entity1 in a 74 year old @entity0 is reported. The @entity0 presented with a six months history of two @entity3 of the lowest portion of the anal canal. Physical examination of the inguino-scrotal area revealed a 5 X 7 cm. hard infiltrative plaque with three @entity4 . Histologic examination of both @entity3 revealed two of the four cytologic patterns described in this @entity2 . One polyp showed undifferentiated cells, type IV and second one, type II differentiated. The biopsy of the cutaneous @entity1 showed dermal infiltrative clusters of the cytologic type II differentiated epidermal cells. Treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy was ineffective. @entity5 of the canal anal is a transitional cells @entity2 believed to arise from vestigial remnants of cloacal origin. @entity1 occurred in 19% of cases but cutaneous colonization develops exceptionally.

title: [Cutaneous metastasis of a cloacogenic XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: There is controversy over whether therapy to prevent @entity4 should be selected noninvasively (by trying drugs and monitoring the @entity0 electrocardiographically) or invasively (by selecting a drug that prevents induction of the @entity3 by programmed stimulation). We randomly assigned 57 @entity0 with symptomatic and demonstrable @entity4 to therapy selected either noninvasively or invasively. The @entity2 involved were sustained @entity4 (35 @entity0 ), nonsustained @entity4 with @entity1 (15 @entity0 ), and @entity5 (7 @entity0 ). The noninvasive approach sought reduction of ventricular premature beats by more than 80 percent and of couplets by more than 90 percent, with elimination of three or more successive ventricular beats on ambulatory monitoring and exercise testing. The invasive approach sought to prevent the induction of five or more repetitive beats by programmed stimulation. The noninvasive approach required fewer drug trials (3.2 +/- 1.8 [mean +/- SD] vs. 5.5 +/- 2.8, P less than 0.001) and fewer hospital days (20 +/- 15 vs. 33 +/- 24, P = 0.01) and identified a therapy predicted to be effective for more @entity0 than did the invasive approach (29 of 29 vs. 15 of 28, P less than 0.001). When a predicted effective therapy was not found, @entity6 was prescribed despite persisting inducibility of @entity4 . @entity0 randomly assigned to the noninvasive approach had more symptomatic recurrences of @entity2 than those treated by the invasive approach (two-year actuarial probabilities of 0.50 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.20 +/- 0.08, P = 0.02). Similar differences were observed when @entity6 recipients were excluded. There were only three deaths from recurrent @entity4 --two in the group whose treatment was selected noninvasively and one in the group whose treatment was selected invasively (not significant). We conclude that therapy selected by the invasive approach prevents recurrences of @entity4 better than that selected by the noninvasive approach.

title: A randomized clinical trial of the noninvasive and invasive approaches to drug therapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The molecular signals that determine the position and timing of the cleavage furrow during @entity0 cell cytokinesis are presently unknown. We have studied in detail the effect of @entity3 ( @entity1 ), a drug that interferes with actin assembly, on specific late mitotic events in synchronous HeLa cells. When cleavage furrow formation is blocked at 10 microM @entity1 , cells return to interphase by the criteria of reformation of nuclei with lamin borders, degradation of the cyclin B component of @entity2 kinase, and loss of mitosis specific MPM-2 antigens. However, the machinery for cell cleavage is retained for up to one hour into G1 when cleavage cannot proceed. The components retained consist prominently of a "postmitotic" spindle and a telophase disc, a structure templated by the mitotic spindle in anaphase that may determine the position and timing of the cleavage furrow. Upon release from @entity1 block, G1 cells proceed through a rapid and synchronous cleavage. We conclude that the mitotic spindle is not inevitably destroyed at the end of mitosis, but persists as an integral structure with the telophase disc in the absence of cleavage. We also conclude that cell cleavage can occur in G1, and is therefore an event metabolically independent of mitosis. The retained telophase disc may indeed signal the position of furrow formation, as G1 cleavage occurs only in the position where the retained disc underlies the cell cortex. The protocol we describe should now enable development of a model system for the study of @entity0 cell cleavage as a synchronous event independent of mitosis.

title: Delay of HeLa cell cleavage into interphase using XXXX : retention of a postmitotic spindle and telophase disc correlates with synchronous cleavage recovery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study investigated the antioxidant effects of pecan nut (Carya illinoensis) shell aqueous extract (AE) on @entity2 induced by @entity4 (CP) in the heart, kidney, liver, bladder, plasma and erythrocytes of @entity1 . @entity1 were treated with water or pecan shell AE (5%) ad libitum, replacing drinking water for 37 days up to the end of the experiment. On day 30, half of each group received a single administration of vehicle or CP 200 mg/kg-ip. After 7 days, the organs were removed. @entity1 treated with CP showed an increase in lipid peroxidation (LP) and decrease in @entity6 ( @entity7 ) levels in all structures. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) activity was increased in the heart and @entity0 . Besides, CP treatment decreased plasmatic @entity3 (VIT C) levels and induced bladder macroscopical and microscopical damages. In contrast, co-treatment with pecan shell AE prevented the LP development and the @entity7 depletion in all structures, except in the heart and plasma, respectively. @entity8 activity in the heart and liver as well as the plasmatic VIT C levels remained unchanged. Finally, AE prevented CP-induced @entity5 . These findings revealed the protective role of pecan shell AE in CP-induced multiple organ @entity2 .

title: Protective effects of a by-product of the pecan nut industry (Carya illinoensis) on the @entity2 induced by @entity4 in @entity1 Carya illinoensis protects against @entity4 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study investigated the antioxidant effects of pecan nut (Carya illinoensis) shell aqueous extract (AE) on @entity2 induced by @entity4 (CP) in the heart, kidney, liver, bladder, plasma and erythrocytes of @entity1 . @entity1 were treated with water or pecan shell AE (5%) ad libitum, replacing drinking water for 37 days up to the end of the experiment. On day 30, half of each group received a single administration of vehicle or CP 200 mg/kg-ip. After 7 days, the organs were removed. @entity1 treated with CP showed an increase in lipid peroxidation (LP) and decrease in @entity6 ( @entity7 ) levels in all structures. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) activity was increased in the heart and @entity0 . Besides, CP treatment decreased plasmatic @entity3 (VIT C) levels and induced bladder macroscopical and microscopical damages. In contrast, co-treatment with pecan shell AE prevented the LP development and the @entity7 depletion in all structures, except in the heart and plasma, respectively. @entity8 activity in the heart and liver as well as the plasmatic VIT C levels remained unchanged. Finally, AE prevented CP-induced @entity5 . These findings revealed the protective role of pecan shell AE in CP-induced multiple organ @entity2 .

title: Protective effects of a by-product of the pecan nut industry (Carya illinoensis) on the XXXX induced by @entity4 in @entity1 Carya illinoensis protects against @entity4 -induced @entity2 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study investigated the antioxidant effects of pecan nut (Carya illinoensis) shell aqueous extract (AE) on @entity2 induced by @entity4 (CP) in the heart, kidney, liver, bladder, plasma and erythrocytes of @entity1 . @entity1 were treated with water or pecan shell AE (5%) ad libitum, replacing drinking water for 37 days up to the end of the experiment. On day 30, half of each group received a single administration of vehicle or CP 200 mg/kg-ip. After 7 days, the organs were removed. @entity1 treated with CP showed an increase in lipid peroxidation (LP) and decrease in @entity6 ( @entity7 ) levels in all structures. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) activity was increased in the heart and @entity0 . Besides, CP treatment decreased plasmatic @entity3 (VIT C) levels and induced bladder macroscopical and microscopical damages. In contrast, co-treatment with pecan shell AE prevented the LP development and the @entity7 depletion in all structures, except in the heart and plasma, respectively. @entity8 activity in the heart and liver as well as the plasmatic VIT C levels remained unchanged. Finally, AE prevented CP-induced @entity5 . These findings revealed the protective role of pecan shell AE in CP-induced multiple organ @entity2 .

title: Protective effects of a by-product of the pecan nut industry (Carya illinoensis) on the @entity2 induced by XXXX in @entity1 Carya illinoensis protects against @entity4 -induced @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study investigated the antioxidant effects of pecan nut (Carya illinoensis) shell aqueous extract (AE) on @entity2 induced by @entity4 (CP) in the heart, kidney, liver, bladder, plasma and erythrocytes of @entity1 . @entity1 were treated with water or pecan shell AE (5%) ad libitum, replacing drinking water for 37 days up to the end of the experiment. On day 30, half of each group received a single administration of vehicle or CP 200 mg/kg-ip. After 7 days, the organs were removed. @entity1 treated with CP showed an increase in lipid peroxidation (LP) and decrease in @entity6 ( @entity7 ) levels in all structures. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) activity was increased in the heart and @entity0 . Besides, CP treatment decreased plasmatic @entity3 (VIT C) levels and induced bladder macroscopical and microscopical damages. In contrast, co-treatment with pecan shell AE prevented the LP development and the @entity7 depletion in all structures, except in the heart and plasma, respectively. @entity8 activity in the heart and liver as well as the plasmatic VIT C levels remained unchanged. Finally, AE prevented CP-induced @entity5 . These findings revealed the protective role of pecan shell AE in CP-induced multiple organ @entity2 .

title: Protective effects of a by-product of the pecan nut industry (Carya illinoensis) on the @entity2 induced by @entity4 in @entity1 Carya illinoensis protects against XXXX -induced @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study investigated the antioxidant effects of pecan nut (Carya illinoensis) shell aqueous extract (AE) on @entity2 induced by @entity4 (CP) in the heart, kidney, liver, bladder, plasma and erythrocytes of @entity1 . @entity1 were treated with water or pecan shell AE (5%) ad libitum, replacing drinking water for 37 days up to the end of the experiment. On day 30, half of each group received a single administration of vehicle or CP 200 mg/kg-ip. After 7 days, the organs were removed. @entity1 treated with CP showed an increase in lipid peroxidation (LP) and decrease in @entity6 ( @entity7 ) levels in all structures. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) activity was increased in the heart and @entity0 . Besides, CP treatment decreased plasmatic @entity3 (VIT C) levels and induced bladder macroscopical and microscopical damages. In contrast, co-treatment with pecan shell AE prevented the LP development and the @entity7 depletion in all structures, except in the heart and plasma, respectively. @entity8 activity in the heart and liver as well as the plasmatic VIT C levels remained unchanged. Finally, AE prevented CP-induced @entity5 . These findings revealed the protective role of pecan shell AE in CP-induced multiple organ @entity2 .

title: Protective effects of a by-product of the pecan nut industry (Carya illinoensis) on the @entity2 induced by @entity4 in XXXX Carya illinoensis protects against @entity4 -induced @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: ToliicIV distinguish normal cervical lymphocyte populations from phenotypes recruited to the cervix in response to cervical @entity1 , lymphocytes were isolated from normal and neoplastic cervix. A portion of the cervical transformation zone was obtained from 19 @entity0 with pathologically confirmed @entity5 and from 20 @entity0 with normal cervices undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications. Mononuclear cells were harvested from cervical tissue using a serial, multienzymatic digestion procedure and enriched by density gradient centrifugation. Isolated cell populations were stained with surface marker-specific monoclonal antibodies and analyzed by fluorescent activated cell sorter to determine the percentage of B cells, total T cells, @entity3 + T cells, @entity4 + T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. The distribution of circulating peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotypes was similar for both @entity0 with @entity1 and normal controls. A marked disparity in the proportions of NK cells and T cells was demonstrated among lymphocyte phenotypes infiltrating the cervix. The percentage of @entity3 + T cells and NK cells was significantly depressed (P = 0.04, P = 0.03, respectively) in @entity6 tissue as compared to normal cervical tissue. In contrast, the proportion of @entity4 + T cells was significantly increased in the @entity6 tissue (P = 0.0001). Analysis of immunocompetent cells in the circulation appears to have little correlation with immunocytes present in the @entity6 epithelium. The @entity2 in the proportion of @entity3 + T lymphocytes and NK cells at the cervical squamocolumnar junction reflects a local recruitment of @entity4 + T cells to the site of @entity1 in the cervix.

title: XXXX + T lymphocytes are recruited to neoplastic cervix.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Traditionally, group C streptococci include four species: @entity11 , @entity7 , @entity10 , and @entity9 , the first three of which are group C beta-hemolytic streptococci (GCBHS). However, many of the beta-hemolytic streptococci carrying Lancefield group C antigen isolated from clinical specimens are S. milleri. These organisms can be differentiated by colony size. We retrospectively collected data concerning large-colony-forming GCBHS @entity5 that occurred during a period of 8 years at the Massachusetts General Hospital. A total of 222 cases of @entity3 were identified; data on the Lancefield grouping were available in 192 cases: 45 cases (23.6%) were group A, 96 cases (50%) were group B, 7 cases (3.6%) were group C (large colony forming), and 44 cases (22.9%) were group G. The medical records for cases of large-colony-forming GCBHS @entity5 were reviewed. In one case, the isolate was thought to be a contaminant; the other six cases are reported (five males and one female; mean age, 55 years). All @entity0 had severe underlying conditions, and none had a history of exposure to animals. The clinical syndromes included two cases of @entity6 and one case each of @entity4 , @entity2 complicated by @entity1 , and @entity8 . The diagnoses for two @entity0 with @entity1 were delayed. Three of the six @entity0 had fatal outcomes, and other two, after prolonged hospitalization, were transferred to a long-term rehabilitation center. We concluded that the severe outcomes reflect delay in diagnosis and treatment as well as the severity of the underlying diseases. The taxonomy of GCBHS is discussed. More reports differentiating large- and small-colony-forming GCBHS are needed.

title: Report of cases of and taxonomic considerations for large-colony-forming Lancefield group C XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Increasingly, robotic surgery is being used for total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and lymph node dissection for uterine @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to compare the costs and complications among @entity0 undergoing robotic and laparoscopic hysterectomy for uterine @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: We carried out a cohort study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between 2008 and 2012 on all @entity0 diagnosed with uterine @entity1 , classifying @entity0 as either laparoscopically or robotically treated, excluding laparotomies or vaginal approaches. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the adjusted effect of surgical approach on complication rates. RESULTS: There were 10,347 @entity0 who underwent hysterectomies for uterine @entity1 either laparoscopically (39%) or robotically (61%). The rate of robotic surgery consistently increased over the 5 year period. @entity0 undergoing robotic surgery had more comorbid conditions ( @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity4 or morbid @entity4 , and @entity7 ). In adjusted analyses, @entity0 undergoing robotic surgery were more likely to have a lymph node dissection (73.01% vs 66.04%; P < .0001) and an admission lasting <3 days (86.01% vs 82.5%; P < .0001) compared with those undergoing laparoscopic surgery. The composite endpoint of any complication was similar between both cohorts (20.56% robotic vs 21.00% laparoscopy). In overall and subset analyses, robotic surgery was more costly, with median charges of  38,161.00 compared with  31,476.00 in those undergoing laparoscopic surgery (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Despite the considerably greater burden of comorbidities in those undergoing robotic surgery compared with laparoscopy, the former have shorter hospital admissions, a greater rate of lymph node dissection, and similar postoperative morbidity and mortality, albeit at greater total cost.

title: Laparoscopic and robot-assisted hysterectomy for uterine XXXX : a comparison of costs and complications.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical trial units are integral to the functioning of a medical oncology department with @entity0 access to clinical trials an important component in @entity0 care. There has been a paucity of potential key performance indicators in medical oncology and clinical trial information may be utilised for this purpose. The aim of this study was to record retrospectively and collate prospectively collected information regarding basic demographics, response rate, progression and survival plus grade 3 or 4 @entity3 in @entity0 enrolled in clinical trials for metastatic @entity2 at the Sydney @entity1 Centre between 1999 and 2007. METHODS: Baseline @entity0 demographics, clinical response, progression dates, grade 3 or 4 @entity3 plus treatment-related fatalities were collected from individual clinical trials. Outcome measures were clinical response, progression-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS: There was a total of 14 trials undertaken during the defined period for @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 . There was available information for 243 @entity0 trials with sufficient information regarding response rates, @entity3 , progression and survival. @entity1 response rates ranged from 27% to 66% for first line chemotherapy trials and 0% to 20% for non-first line chemotherapy trials. The overall progression-free survival was 6.4 months and overall survival 14.0 months for all trials. There was one treatment-related fatality on clinical trial during this period. CONCLUSIONS: Results of our clinical database have been used here to illustrate the concept and value of reporting clinical trial information in medical oncology. Public reporting of such information may allow for comparisons between units and for quality improvement.

title: Reporting clinical trial information: XXXX trials at Sydney @entity1 Centre.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical trial units are integral to the functioning of a medical oncology department with @entity0 access to clinical trials an important component in @entity0 care. There has been a paucity of potential key performance indicators in medical oncology and clinical trial information may be utilised for this purpose. The aim of this study was to record retrospectively and collate prospectively collected information regarding basic demographics, response rate, progression and survival plus grade 3 or 4 @entity3 in @entity0 enrolled in clinical trials for metastatic @entity2 at the Sydney @entity1 Centre between 1999 and 2007. METHODS: Baseline @entity0 demographics, clinical response, progression dates, grade 3 or 4 @entity3 plus treatment-related fatalities were collected from individual clinical trials. Outcome measures were clinical response, progression-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS: There was a total of 14 trials undertaken during the defined period for @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 . There was available information for 243 @entity0 trials with sufficient information regarding response rates, @entity3 , progression and survival. @entity1 response rates ranged from 27% to 66% for first line chemotherapy trials and 0% to 20% for non-first line chemotherapy trials. The overall progression-free survival was 6.4 months and overall survival 14.0 months for all trials. There was one treatment-related fatality on clinical trial during this period. CONCLUSIONS: Results of our clinical database have been used here to illustrate the concept and value of reporting clinical trial information in medical oncology. Public reporting of such information may allow for comparisons between units and for quality improvement.

title: Reporting clinical trial information: @entity2 trials at Sydney XXXX Centre.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In the cochlear nucleus of mammals, the relatively homogeneous responses of auditory nerve fibers are transformed into a variety of different response patterns by the different classes of resident neurons. The spectrum of these responses is hypothesized to depend on the types and distribution of receptors, ion channels, G proteins, and second messengers that form the signaling capabilities in each cell class. In the present study, we examined the immunocytochemical distribution of the @entity3 ( @entity6 in the dorsal cochlear nucleus to better understand how this second messenger might be involved in shaping the neural signals evoked by sound. Affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies directed against the @entity7 labeled a homogeneous population of neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of @entity1 , @entity4 , mustache bats, @entity2 , New World owl monkeys, @entity5 , and @entity0 . These cells were all darkly immunostained except in the @entity0 where the labeling was less intense. Immunoblots of dorsal cochlear nucleus tissue from the @entity1 revealed a single band of protein of molecular weight approximately 260 kD, which is the same size as the purified receptor, indicating that our antibodies reacted specifically with the @entity7 . These immunolabeled neurons were identified as cartwheel cells on the basis of shared characteristics across species, including cell body size and distribution, the presence of a highly invaginated nucleus, and a well-developed system of cisternae. Reaction product was localized along the membranes of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, subsurface cisternae, and the nuclear envelope. This label was distributed throughout the cartwheel cell body and dendritic shafts but not within dendritic spines, axons, or axons terminals. The regular pattern of immunolabeling across mammals suggests that IP3 and cartwheel cells are conserved in evolution and that both play an important but as yet unknown role in hearing.

title: XXXX receptors: immunocytochemical localization in the dorsal cochlear nucleus.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 12 cases of @entity2 with @entity3 are reported. An analysis of the clinical, electrophysiological, histological and immunological features of these cases and of those reported in the literature allows to distinguish 2 groups. In the first group (8./12 cases), the @entity1 showed clinical and electrophysiological features of a mainly demyelinating mechanism involving large fibers. Electromicroscopy disclosed a widening of the spaces between the lamellae of the myelin in half of these cases. A monoclonal deposit of IgM was demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence, on the remaining myelinated fibers in most cases. In this first group, the M-component always reacted with the myelin sheaths of a monkey's peripheral nerve. The results of indirect immunofluorescence were closely correlated with those of immunoblotting, which revealed an anti-M.A.G. ( @entity6 ) activity. The second group is more heterogeneous: there was an @entity4 (1 case), an asymmetrical and painful @entity1 with an endoneural deposit of IgM (1 case). In 2 other cases which in no other ways differed from those of the first group, the M-component seemed devoid of antimyelinic activity. Nevertheless, the presence of IgM on the myelin sheaths of these 2 cases suggested a relationship between the @entity1 and the gammapathy. In both groups, results from the association of apheresis and @entity5 were difficult to assess and vary greatly. Therapy appeared beneficent in half of the cases, but only one @entity0 was markedly improved.

title: [ XXXX with @entity3 . 12 cases].

answer: @entity2


abstract: 12 cases of @entity2 with @entity3 are reported. An analysis of the clinical, electrophysiological, histological and immunological features of these cases and of those reported in the literature allows to distinguish 2 groups. In the first group (8./12 cases), the @entity1 showed clinical and electrophysiological features of a mainly demyelinating mechanism involving large fibers. Electromicroscopy disclosed a widening of the spaces between the lamellae of the myelin in half of these cases. A monoclonal deposit of IgM was demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence, on the remaining myelinated fibers in most cases. In this first group, the M-component always reacted with the myelin sheaths of a monkey's peripheral nerve. The results of indirect immunofluorescence were closely correlated with those of immunoblotting, which revealed an anti-M.A.G. ( @entity6 ) activity. The second group is more heterogeneous: there was an @entity4 (1 case), an asymmetrical and painful @entity1 with an endoneural deposit of IgM (1 case). In 2 other cases which in no other ways differed from those of the first group, the M-component seemed devoid of antimyelinic activity. Nevertheless, the presence of IgM on the myelin sheaths of these 2 cases suggested a relationship between the @entity1 and the gammapathy. In both groups, results from the association of apheresis and @entity5 were difficult to assess and vary greatly. Therapy appeared beneficent in half of the cases, but only one @entity0 was markedly improved.

title: [ @entity2 with XXXX . 12 cases].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We describe the CT appearance of @entity3 ( @entity7 ), an @entity6 typically occurring in immunocompromised @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight @entity0 with @entity3 imaged with CT were reviewed, seven at initial diagnosis and one with a subsequent complication. The appearance, number, and location of @entity3 and the presence of @entity5 and extrapulmonary involvement were assessed. Rim enhancement, air bronchograms, the halo sign, air crescent sign, cavitation, and central low attenuation suggesting @entity1 were recorded. RESULTS: There were 14 nodules and 5 areas of mass-like or wedge-shaped consolidation. @entity5 was present in five @entity0 , halo sign in three, central low attenuation in two, and cavitation in one. In the affected lobe 13 of 14 nodules and all consolidations were posterior. Of 19 lesions 16 (84%) were confined to the upper lobes, with 3 in the superior segment of a lower lobe. @entity2 with @entity4 was the only manifestation in one @entity0 . Major complications were direct spinal invasion in one @entity0 and @entity3 in another @entity0 . CONCLUSION: In the appropriate clinical circumstance, nodules or mass-like or wedge-shaped consolidation, especially posteriorly in the upper lobes of the lung, should suggest @entity8 . Endobronchial @entity8 is less common.

title: XXXX : CT appearance.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The role of @entity7 in immune responses of PBMCs of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity0 has not been studied. DESIGN AND METHODS: 20 Healthy and 20 @entity6 subjects were participated in the study. @entity7 expression in PBMCs of the subjects was measured using real-time PCR. The levels of secreted @entity5 and @entity2 cytokines were quantified using ELISA. RESULTS: A downregulation of @entity7 expression was observed in untreated and @entity4 treated PBMCs of @entity1 @entity0 compared to controls. There was a significant upregulation of @entity7 after @entity4 treatment in PBMCs of both control and @entity1 groups. In healthy subjects and in both untreated and @entity4 -treated conditions, @entity7 expression was negatively correlated with weight, waist circumference and body mass index. In @entity1 group, there was a negative correlation between @entity7 expression and @entity3 levels only in @entity4 treated cells. Furthermore, systolic blood pressure was found to negatively correlate with @entity7 expression in untreated PBMCs of both healthy and @entity1 subjects. The results also showed a significant correlation between @entity7 expression and @entity2 and @entity5 levels in @entity4 treated cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that @entity7 expression is reduced in PBMCs of @entity1 @entity0 and this reduced expression does not seem to be involved in increased cytokine production from PBMCs of these @entity0 .

title: Downregulated microRNA-155 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of XXXX @entity0 is not correlated with increased inflammatory cytokine production.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The role of @entity7 in immune responses of PBMCs of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity0 has not been studied. DESIGN AND METHODS: 20 Healthy and 20 @entity6 subjects were participated in the study. @entity7 expression in PBMCs of the subjects was measured using real-time PCR. The levels of secreted @entity5 and @entity2 cytokines were quantified using ELISA. RESULTS: A downregulation of @entity7 expression was observed in untreated and @entity4 treated PBMCs of @entity1 @entity0 compared to controls. There was a significant upregulation of @entity7 after @entity4 treatment in PBMCs of both control and @entity1 groups. In healthy subjects and in both untreated and @entity4 -treated conditions, @entity7 expression was negatively correlated with weight, waist circumference and body mass index. In @entity1 group, there was a negative correlation between @entity7 expression and @entity3 levels only in @entity4 treated cells. Furthermore, systolic blood pressure was found to negatively correlate with @entity7 expression in untreated PBMCs of both healthy and @entity1 subjects. The results also showed a significant correlation between @entity7 expression and @entity2 and @entity5 levels in @entity4 treated cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that @entity7 expression is reduced in PBMCs of @entity1 @entity0 and this reduced expression does not seem to be involved in increased cytokine production from PBMCs of these @entity0 .

title: Downregulated microRNA-155 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of @entity6 XXXX is not correlated with increased inflammatory cytokine production.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the rate of @entity3 at which it is cost-effective to treat @entity2 bite wounds with antibiotics. METHODS: Our study was composed of two parts. First we performed a randomized, double-blind controlled trial (RCT) to compare the @entity3 rates of @entity2 bite wounds in @entity0 given @entity4 versus placebo. Subjects were immunocompetent @entity0 presenting to the emergency department (ED) with @entity2 bite wounds less than 12 hours old without suspected @entity1 , and who had structured follow-up after two weeks. Second, we developed a cost model with sensitivity analysis to determine thresholds for treatment. RESULTS: In the RCT, primary outcomes were obtained in 94 @entity0 with @entity2 bites. The overall wound @entity3 rate at two weeks was 2% [95% CI 0 to 7%]. Two of 46 @entity0 (4%) receiving no antibiotics developed @entity3 , while none of the 48 @entity0 (0%) receiving prophylactic antibiotics developed an @entity3 (absolute reduction 4% [95% CI -1.0 to 4.5%]). Using a sensitivity analysis across a rate of @entity3 from 0-10%, our cost model determined that prophylactic antibiotics were cost effective if the risk of wound @entity3 was greater than 5% and antibiotics could decrease that risk by greater than 3%. CONCLUSION: Our wound @entity3 rate was lower than older studies and more in line with current estimates. Assuming that prophylactic antibiotics could provide an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 3%, it would not be cost effective to treat wounds with an @entity3 rate of less than 3% and unlikely that the ARR would be achievable unless the baseline rate was greater than 5%, suggesting that only wounds with greater than 5% risk of @entity3 should be treated. Future work should focus on identifying wounds at high-risk of @entity3 that would benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis.

title: Randomized controlled trial of prophylactic antibiotics for XXXX bites with refined cost model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate, in @entity0 with severe @entity2 , the adrenocortical function assessed by daily plasma @entity3 determinations during the first 72 h and by the short synthetic ACTH stimulation test performed within 24 h of the onset of shock. DESIGN: Prospective clinical investigation. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit in a university teaching hospital. @entity0 : 40 consecutive @entity0 with documented @entity2 requiring at least hemodynamic resuscitation and respiratory support. INTERVENTIONS: There were no interventions. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Basal @entity3 concentrations were increased with a mean value of 36.8 micrograms/dl (range 7.9-113). Of the overall @entity3 determinations 92% were above 15 micrograms/dl. No statistically significant differences in basal @entity3 concentrations were found when survival, type of @entity4 were considered. @entity0 with @entity1 had significantly higher @entity3 (50.1 (+/- 6.2) micrograms/dl versus 35.9(+/- 3.3) micrograms/dl, p = 0.035) levels compared to other @entity0 . No correlations were found between basal plasma @entity3 concentrations and factors such as SAPS, @entity7 , hemodynamic measurements, duration of shock, and amount of vasopressor and/or inotropic agents. @entity3 concentrations had significant but weak correlation with ACTH levels in survivors (r = 0.4; p = 0.03; n = 28) but not in non-survivors (r = 0.03; p = 0.85; n = 52). @entity3 levels in non-survivors increased significantly from enrollment time to the 72nd hour of the survey (day 1: 38.9(+/- 3.8) micrograms/dl versus day 3: 66.7(+/- 17.1) micrograms/dl; p = 0.046) and were significantly higher than those recorded in survivors. Responses to the short ACTH stimulation test were not significantly different between survivors and non-survivors. According to the different criteria used to interpret the response to the ACTH stimulation test, incidence of @entity6 was highly variable ranging from 6.25-75% in @entity0 with @entity2 . Only one @entity0 had absolute @entity6 (basal @entity3 level below 10 micrograms/dl; response to the ACTH stimulation test below 18 micrograms/dl). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that in a selected population of @entity0 with severe @entity2 single plasma @entity3 determination has no predictive value. The short ACTH stimulation test performed within the first 24 h of onset shock can neither predict outcome nor estimate impairment in adrenocortical function in @entity0 with high basal @entity3 level. @entity5 is rare in @entity2 and should be suspected when @entity3 level is below 15 micrograms/dl and then confirmed by a peak @entity3 level lower than 18 micrograms/dl during the short ACTH stimulation test.

title: Adrenocortical function during XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although it has been recognised as a @entity2 factor, data on @entity1 screening before coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are scarce. This study sought to determine the prevalence, predictors and effects of @entity1 on re-admission in @entity0 undergoing CABG. METHOD: We prospectively recruited 152 @entity0 to undergo an overnight sleep study before CABG. Sleep apnoea was defined as an apnoea-hypopnoea index of >= 15 events per hour. Data on unscheduled re-admission due to cardiovascular events were collected. RESULTS: Among the 138 @entity0 who completed the sleep study, @entity1 was diagnosed in 69 (50%). The @entity0 who had @entity1 had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (p  =  0.029), a larger left atrial diameter (p  =  0.014) and a larger left ventricular end-systolic dimension (p  =  0.019) than those who did not. Angiographic SYNTAX and Gensini scores were similar in @entity0 with and without @entity1 . The generalised structural equation model revealed that @entity3 , a high body mass index and @entity4 were independent predictors of @entity1 (p  <  0.05). After an average follow-up of 6      3 months, 12 @entity0 with @entity1 (17.3%) and three @entity0 without @entity1 (4.3%) were involved in unscheduled re-admission. @entity0 with @entity1 were almost five times more likely to have an unscheduled re-admission due to cardiovascular events (adjusted odds ratio: 4.63, 95% CI: 1.24-17.31, p  =  0.023) than those without @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Sleep apnoea was prevalent and predictive of unscheduled re-admissions in @entity0 scheduled for CABG.

title: Sleep apnoea and unscheduled re-admission in XXXX undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to define the predictors and prognosis of @entity1 in @entity0 undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. BACKGROUND: Angina recurs in the first postoperative year in 20% to 30% of @entity0 after coronary artery bypass surgery. The Coronary Artery Surgery Study Registry provides an opportunity to study the predictors and prognosis of @entity1 in a large sample. METHODS: All @entity0 with isolated coronary artery bypass surgery in the registry were identified, and anginal status was determined on a yearly basis. The influence of @entity4 on mortality, recurrent @entity3 and need for reoperation was determined. RESULTS: Angina recurred in the first year in 24% of @entity0 and by the sixth year in 40%. The significant predictors in a multivariate analysis were minimal @entity2 , @entity4 , use of vein grafts only, previous @entity3 , incomplete revascularization, female gender, smoking and younger age. In subsequent years important predictors were @entity4 in the first postoperative year, female gender, younger age and incomplete revascularization. The presence of @entity4 in the first postoperative year was associated with more frequent @entity3 (p = 0.04) and greater need for reoperation (p = 0.003) but did not affect survival during the 6-year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that the predictors of @entity1 are features that are or could be predicted before bypass surgery. Thus, @entity0 with these features before bypass surgery could be advised that they would be more likely to experience @entity1 than those without these features. @entity1 is associated with an increased risk of late @entity3 and reoperation.

title: Recurrence of XXXX after coronary artery bypass surgery: predictors and prognosis (CASS Registry). Coronary Artery Surgery Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, diminished @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and increased interleukin ( @entity8 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from @entity3 @entity0 have been described by several groups, measured as total cytokine content in culture supernatants. These studies suggested a predominance of TH2-like cells producing large amounts of @entity8 in @entity3 @entity0 . It is not clear whether the reported cytokine imbalances are the result of an alteration in the distribution of specific T-cell subsets or whether @entity9 in cytokine production is a characteristic of @entity3 individuals. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the production of @entity1 , and @entity5 in PBMCs from @entity3 @entity0 at the single cell level with the use of freshly isolated lymphocytes. METHODS: We recently described a flow cytometric assay in which three-color analysis was used to study the production of a cytokine of interest in a T-cell subpopulation defined by two cell surface markers. PBMCs from 23 @entity3 @entity0 and 14 control subjects were stimulated with @entity10 and @entity6 for 5 hours. PBMCs from seven @entity0 and seven control subjects were also cultured with immobilized anti-CD3 antibodies for 24 hours. Cells were fixed, made permeable, and stained for intracellular cytokines in combination with cell surface markers CD3, @entity2 , and CD45RO. Cytokine-producing cells were analyzed by gating on T-cell subsets. RESULTS: @entity1 -producing cells were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in CD4+ T cells but not in @entity2 + T cells of @entity3 @entity0 . CD45R0+ and CD45R0-T cells showed a decreased proportion of @entity1 -producing cells (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). @entity5 production was diminished in all T-cell subsets (p < 0.01). The number of @entity8 -producing cells was not elevated, and such cells were exclusively found in the CD45RO+ T cells. Analysis of culture supernatants of sorted CD45RO+ T cells for @entity8 and @entity1 production confirmed these results. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide evidence that a reduced @entity1 production in @entity3 @entity0 is due to an intrinsic defect selectively found in the CD4+ T cells. Because @entity5 production was markedly decreased but @entity8 production was unchanged, our data demonstrate a deficiency in the ability of @entity7 cells to produce @entity4 -like cytokines on stimulation with @entity10 , @entity6 , or anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies.

title: Decreased frequency of @entity1 - and XXXX -producing cells in @entity0 with atopic diseases measured at the single cell level.

answer: @entity5