abstract: BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep @entity4 is characterised by repeated episodes of pauses in breathing during sleep due to obstruction of the upper airway that result in transient hypoxaemia, @entity5 and long-term @entity3 . The most common risk factors for @entity1 include: @entity2 , age over 50 and neck circumference of more than 41 cm for females and more than 43 cm in males. Sleep @entity4 is more common in @entity0 than in @entity0 . The aim of the conducted research was to evaluate relations between the anthropometric features connected with adipose tissue distribution and the severity of @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 180 @entity0 (144 males and 36 females) diagnosed with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The standard sleep parameters obtained from night polisomnography as well as skin-fat fold thickness and neck circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 10. RESULTS: It was stated that anthropometric parameters connected with the accumulation of adipose tissue in upper body were significantly related to severity of @entity1 in males (P <=0.05). BMI was significantly correlated with severity of @entity1 in females (P <=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: in males, there is a connection between the severity of @entity1 , BMI and a higher accumulation of adipose tissue in upper part of the body measured by neck circumference and shoulder thickness of skin-fat folds, whereas in females only by BMI.

title: Anthropometric and physiologic assessment in sleep @entity4 XXXX regarding body fat distribution.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multivessel @entity6 after @entity9 is a major risk factor for unfavorable @entity5 and @entity3 due to pump failure, but underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are still uncompletely established. Post- @entity12 @entity4 has been recently implicated as a cause of ongoing cell loss leading to @entity11 . Our aim was to assess the role of post- @entity12 @entity4 and pro-apoptotic factor expression in the non-infarcted remote @entity14 of subjects with multivessel @entity6 . METHODS: Twenty-one males dying after recent @entity9 with permanent occlusion of the @entity12 were selected at autopsy. Apoptosis was assessed at viable myocardial regions remote from @entity12 by co-staining for in situ end-labeling of DNA fragmentation and cleaved @entity8 . Expression of pro-apoptotic factor @entity10 and @entity7 -induced factor-1alpha was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Subjects with multivessel disease (N=11) showed a significantly two-fold higher @entity4 in comparison to subjects with @entity2 (N=10) (0.9% vs. 0.5%, p=0.013). Similarly, myocardial @entity10 expression was increased in @entity0 with multivessel disease (3.0% vs. 1.4%, p=0.029). Stratification for the number of diseased coronary vessels confirmed the association between extent of @entity6 and apoptotic rates (p=0.022). Even in subjects dying over 30 days after @entity12 remained predictive of enhanced myocardiocyte apoptosis at remote regions (p=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Post- @entity12 @entity4 and @entity10 expression in remote left ventricular regions are significantly increased in male @entity0 with multivessel @entity6 in comparison to those with isolated @entity13 . These findings suggest that apoptotic cell loss in the viable non-infarcted @entity14 , possibly due ongoing @entity1 , may play a relevant role in the unfavorable clinical course typical of multivessel disease after @entity9 .

title: Increased apoptosis in remote non-infarcted XXXX in multivessel @entity6 .

answer: @entity14


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multivessel @entity6 after @entity9 is a major risk factor for unfavorable @entity5 and @entity3 due to pump failure, but underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are still uncompletely established. Post- @entity12 @entity4 has been recently implicated as a cause of ongoing cell loss leading to @entity11 . Our aim was to assess the role of post- @entity12 @entity4 and pro-apoptotic factor expression in the non-infarcted remote @entity14 of subjects with multivessel @entity6 . METHODS: Twenty-one males dying after recent @entity9 with permanent occlusion of the @entity12 were selected at autopsy. Apoptosis was assessed at viable myocardial regions remote from @entity12 by co-staining for in situ end-labeling of DNA fragmentation and cleaved @entity8 . Expression of pro-apoptotic factor @entity10 and @entity7 -induced factor-1alpha was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Subjects with multivessel disease (N=11) showed a significantly two-fold higher @entity4 in comparison to subjects with @entity2 (N=10) (0.9% vs. 0.5%, p=0.013). Similarly, myocardial @entity10 expression was increased in @entity0 with multivessel disease (3.0% vs. 1.4%, p=0.029). Stratification for the number of diseased coronary vessels confirmed the association between extent of @entity6 and apoptotic rates (p=0.022). Even in subjects dying over 30 days after @entity12 remained predictive of enhanced myocardiocyte apoptosis at remote regions (p=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Post- @entity12 @entity4 and @entity10 expression in remote left ventricular regions are significantly increased in male @entity0 with multivessel @entity6 in comparison to those with isolated @entity13 . These findings suggest that apoptotic cell loss in the viable non-infarcted @entity14 , possibly due ongoing @entity1 , may play a relevant role in the unfavorable clinical course typical of multivessel disease after @entity9 .

title: Increased apoptosis in remote non-infarcted @entity14 in multivessel XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether there are temporal differences for the pleiotropic effects for different members of the statin class. The present study investigated differences in the short- and intermediate-term pleiotropic effects of statins in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity2 @entity0 were randomly treated with either @entity3 or @entity6 for 3 months. We measured fasting lipid concentrations, @entity4 reactive substances (TBARS), fibrinolytic parameters, and flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery ( @entity5 ) at baseline and after 2 weeks and 3 months of therapy. RESULTS: After 2 weeks of therapy, @entity3 decreased the low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity1 , small, dense LDL @entity1 (34+/-22 vs. 18+/-20%, P<0.01), remnant-like particles (RLP) @entity1 (8.8+/-6.0 vs. 5.1+/-2.6 mg/ml, P<0.01), and TBARS (3.3+/-1.0 vs. 3.1+/-0.9 nmol/ml, P<0.05), and @entity6 decreased LDL @entity1 . After 3 months of therapy, @entity3 decreased small dense LDL @entity1 (8+/-13%, P<0.0001) additionally, and @entity6 decreased small, dense LDL @entity1 (51+/-11 vs. 12+/-22%, P<0.0001) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (68+/-32 vs. 51+/-21 ng/ml, P<0.05). @entity5 increased significantly in both groups after 2 weeks, although the relative change in @entity5 was greater with @entity6 therapy after 2 weeks than @entity3 therapy (60+/-78 vs. 23+/-26%, P<0.05). However, @entity5 was the same for both groups after 3 months (58+/-65 vs. 66+/-61%, NS), because @entity3 additionally increased @entity5 . There was no correlation between these pleiotropic effects and the improvement in the lipid profile for either group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the degree of pleiotropic effect as well as the time course for the effect are different among members of the statin class of drugs.

title: Time course differences for statin-induced pleiotropic effects in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether there are temporal differences for the pleiotropic effects for different members of the statin class. The present study investigated differences in the short- and intermediate-term pleiotropic effects of statins in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity2 @entity0 were randomly treated with either @entity3 or @entity6 for 3 months. We measured fasting lipid concentrations, @entity4 reactive substances (TBARS), fibrinolytic parameters, and flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery ( @entity5 ) at baseline and after 2 weeks and 3 months of therapy. RESULTS: After 2 weeks of therapy, @entity3 decreased the low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity1 , small, dense LDL @entity1 (34+/-22 vs. 18+/-20%, P<0.01), remnant-like particles (RLP) @entity1 (8.8+/-6.0 vs. 5.1+/-2.6 mg/ml, P<0.01), and TBARS (3.3+/-1.0 vs. 3.1+/-0.9 nmol/ml, P<0.05), and @entity6 decreased LDL @entity1 . After 3 months of therapy, @entity3 decreased small dense LDL @entity1 (8+/-13%, P<0.0001) additionally, and @entity6 decreased small, dense LDL @entity1 (51+/-11 vs. 12+/-22%, P<0.0001) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (68+/-32 vs. 51+/-21 ng/ml, P<0.05). @entity5 increased significantly in both groups after 2 weeks, although the relative change in @entity5 was greater with @entity6 therapy after 2 weeks than @entity3 therapy (60+/-78 vs. 23+/-26%, P<0.05). However, @entity5 was the same for both groups after 3 months (58+/-65 vs. 66+/-61%, NS), because @entity3 additionally increased @entity5 . There was no correlation between these pleiotropic effects and the improvement in the lipid profile for either group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the degree of pleiotropic effect as well as the time course for the effect are different among members of the statin class of drugs.

title: Time course differences for statin-induced pleiotropic effects in @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To validate the Dutch version of the EORTC QLQ-CR29 quality of life questionnaire for @entity1 . METHODS: We translated and pilot-tested the original questionnaire in the Netherlands, following EORTC guidelines. We assessed factor structure, reliability and construct validity in different samples of @entity0 from four hospitals. RESULTS: Of 296 @entity0 , 236 (80  %) returned the questionnaire, and 27 out of 48 @entity0 returned the retest questionnaire. In addition to the original three scales, we found a reliable bowel functioning scale (a  =  0.80), reducing the number of individual items by five. Two of the other scales had sufficient to good reliability (urinary frequency, a  =  0.71, original a  =  0.75, body image a  =  0.80, original a  =  0.84), the third, blood and mucus in stool, only moderate (a  =  0.56, original a  =  0.69). Item functioning was sufficient to excellent for all but two items ( @entity2 and @entity3 ). Construct validity was similar to that in earlier studies. CONCLUSION: We found a very satisfactory scale for bowel problems, in @entity0 both with and without stoma. The body image and @entity2 scales were reliable, and construct validity was sufficient. We suggest the questionnaire to be adapted to decrease the number of individual items, improve the scales, and therefore increase reliability of the entire questionnaire.

title: The EORTC QLQ-CR29 quality of life questionnaire for XXXX : validation of the Dutch version.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is essential for normal development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis in multicellular organisms. While it is now evident that @entity0 can take many different forms, apoptosis is probably the most well-defined cell death programme. The characteristic morphological and biochemical features associated with this highly regulated form of cell death have until recently been exclusively attributed to the caspase family of @entity1 proteases. As a result, many investigators affiliate apoptosis with its pivotal execution system, i.e. caspase activation. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that @entity0 or apoptosis can also proceed in a caspase-independent manner and maintain key characteristics of apoptosis. Mitochondrial integrity is central to both caspase-dependent and-independent cell death. The release of pro-apoptotic factors from the mitochondrial intermembrane space is a key event in a cell's commitment to die and is under the tight regulation of the @entity2 family. However, the underlying mechanisms governing the efflux of these pro-death molecules are largely unknown. This review will focus on the regulation of mitochondrial integrity by @entity2 family members with particular attention to the controlled release of factors involved in caspase-independent cell death.

title: Control of mitochondrial integrity by XXXX family members and caspase-independent cell death.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plant mitochondrial transcripts frequently undergo maturation processes at their 5' ends. This almost completely enigmatic process requires the function of several proteins such as RNA processing factors, which are selectively involved in distinct 5' processing events. Since RNA processing factors represent pentatricopeptide repeat proteins without apparent enzymatic function it is hypothesized that a ribonuclease, most likely with endonucleolytic activity is involved in the 5' end maturation. We have now applied a reverse genetic approach to analyze the role of two potential mitochondrial nucleases, MNU1 and MNU2, in @entity0 . Both proteins contain several RNA binding domains and NYN domains found in other endonucleases. A thorough analysis of various mitochondrial transcripts in MNU1 and MNU2 mutants revealed aberrant transcript pattern characterized by a decrease of mature RNA species often accompanied by an accumulation of larger, 5' extended precursor molecules. In addition, severely reduced amounts of @entity1 mRNAs in the rpf2-1/mnu2-1 double mutant indicate a corporate function of @entity2 and MNU2 in the maturation of these transcripts. However, the dramatic reduction of the @entity1 mRNA is not reflected by the level of the corresponding @entity1 protein, which is found to be only moderately lowered. Collectively, our analysis strongly suggests a function of MNU1 and MNU2 in 5' processing of plant mitochondrial transcripts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Two NYN domain containing putative nucleases are involved in transcript maturation in XXXX mitochondria.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Studies of the effects of menopausal hormone therapy on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in postmenopausal @entity0 have provided contradictory results. Although recent experimental studies have revealed no beneficial effect of combination therapy with @entity1 (E) and @entity4 (P), the effect of monotherapy with E remains unknown. We retrospectively examined the medical records of 843 consecutive @entity0 aged > or =55 years who underwent their first cardiac catheterization between January 1996 and December 1998. We compared the presence and severity of @entity2 , defined as > or =1 diseased coronary vessel (with @entity3 > or =50%), in @entity0 who only took E, E+P, or no menopausal hormone therapy. In all, 210 @entity0 (33%) took hormones, of whom 47 (22%) used E+P and 163 (78%) used E only. @entity0 who used any hormones tended to be healthier than nonusers, but E+P users had a lower prevalence of risk factors and co-morbidities than E users. In unadjusted analyses, both the E and E+P groups were significantly less likely to have @entity2 than nonusers (relative risk [RR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58 to 0.84 for the E group; RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.99 for the E+P group). Demographic factors, @entity2 risk factors, co-morbidities, and primary prevention medication use explained the association between E+P and the presence of @entity2 (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.39). In contrast, adjustment for these factors had a minimal effect on the association between E and @entity2 compared with nonusers (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.98). Thus, the apparent protective effect of combination menopausal hormone therapy with E+P on @entity2 is due to differences in other @entity0 characteristics. In contrast, unopposed E therapy may have a protective effect on @entity2 .

title: Comparison of angiographic findings among postmenopausal @entity0 using unopposed XXXX , @entity1 /progestin combinations, and nonusers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Studies of the effects of menopausal hormone therapy on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in postmenopausal @entity0 have provided contradictory results. Although recent experimental studies have revealed no beneficial effect of combination therapy with @entity1 (E) and @entity4 (P), the effect of monotherapy with E remains unknown. We retrospectively examined the medical records of 843 consecutive @entity0 aged > or =55 years who underwent their first cardiac catheterization between January 1996 and December 1998. We compared the presence and severity of @entity2 , defined as > or =1 diseased coronary vessel (with @entity3 > or =50%), in @entity0 who only took E, E+P, or no menopausal hormone therapy. In all, 210 @entity0 (33%) took hormones, of whom 47 (22%) used E+P and 163 (78%) used E only. @entity0 who used any hormones tended to be healthier than nonusers, but E+P users had a lower prevalence of risk factors and co-morbidities than E users. In unadjusted analyses, both the E and E+P groups were significantly less likely to have @entity2 than nonusers (relative risk [RR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58 to 0.84 for the E group; RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.99 for the E+P group). Demographic factors, @entity2 risk factors, co-morbidities, and primary prevention medication use explained the association between E+P and the presence of @entity2 (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.39). In contrast, adjustment for these factors had a minimal effect on the association between E and @entity2 compared with nonusers (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.98). Thus, the apparent protective effect of combination menopausal hormone therapy with E+P on @entity2 is due to differences in other @entity0 characteristics. In contrast, unopposed E therapy may have a protective effect on @entity2 .

title: Comparison of angiographic findings among postmenopausal @entity0 using unopposed @entity1 , XXXX /progestin combinations, and nonusers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Studies of the effects of menopausal hormone therapy on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in postmenopausal @entity0 have provided contradictory results. Although recent experimental studies have revealed no beneficial effect of combination therapy with @entity1 (E) and @entity4 (P), the effect of monotherapy with E remains unknown. We retrospectively examined the medical records of 843 consecutive @entity0 aged > or =55 years who underwent their first cardiac catheterization between January 1996 and December 1998. We compared the presence and severity of @entity2 , defined as > or =1 diseased coronary vessel (with @entity3 > or =50%), in @entity0 who only took E, E+P, or no menopausal hormone therapy. In all, 210 @entity0 (33%) took hormones, of whom 47 (22%) used E+P and 163 (78%) used E only. @entity0 who used any hormones tended to be healthier than nonusers, but E+P users had a lower prevalence of risk factors and co-morbidities than E users. In unadjusted analyses, both the E and E+P groups were significantly less likely to have @entity2 than nonusers (relative risk [RR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58 to 0.84 for the E group; RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.99 for the E+P group). Demographic factors, @entity2 risk factors, co-morbidities, and primary prevention medication use explained the association between E+P and the presence of @entity2 (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.39). In contrast, adjustment for these factors had a minimal effect on the association between E and @entity2 compared with nonusers (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.98). Thus, the apparent protective effect of combination menopausal hormone therapy with E+P on @entity2 is due to differences in other @entity0 characteristics. In contrast, unopposed E therapy may have a protective effect on @entity2 .

title: Comparison of angiographic findings among postmenopausal XXXX using unopposed @entity1 , @entity1 /progestin combinations, and nonusers.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) analysis represents a recent echocardiographic technique for evaluating the textural and functional state of the right ventricular (RV) myocardium. We undertook our study to (1) define the potential impact of age or morphometric parameters (height, weight, and body surface area) on RV @entity6 indexes, and (2) compare RV @entity6 data among normal subjects and @entity0 with different conditions of RV overload. We studied 34 @entity0 (mean age 14.6 +/- 4.7 years) divided into 3 groups: 14 @entity0 with RV @entity5 related to moderate to large @entity1 (group I); (2) 10 @entity0 with RV pressure overload due to transposition of the great arteries after the Mustard procedure (group II); and (3) 10 @entity0 with RV volume and pressure overload due to @entity3 and @entity4 after corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot (group III). In addition, 20 @entity0 with structurally normal hearts were enrolled as the control group. The 4 groups were comparable with regard to age and morphometric parameters. @entity6 parameters were assessed as the magnitude of cyclic variation, determined as the difference between peak and nadir @entity6 values and the averaged @entity2 intensity. In the control group and group I, @entity6 parameters did not change significantly with age, height, weight, and body surface area. In contrast, in groups II and III, a significant correlation was found between cyclic variation and age at the study (p = 0.021, r = -0.71, and p = 0.006, r = -0.79, respectively). Furthermore, compared with the control group, cyclic variation and @entity6 intensity were significantly different only in groups II (p = 0.01 and p = 0.006, respectively) and III (both p <0.0001) but not in group I (p = 0.23 and p = 0.38, respectively). The lowest values of cyclic variation and the highest values of intensity were detected in group III @entity0 . Thus, our data suggest that (1) in normal subjects, there is no correlation between RV @entity6 indexes and age or any morphometric parameters, and (2) @entity6 analysis is able to noninvasively detect differences in myocardial functional and textural properties in the presence of different conditions of RV overload.

title: Backscatter evaluation of myocardial functional and textural findings in @entity0 with right ventricular pressure and/or XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) analysis represents a recent echocardiographic technique for evaluating the textural and functional state of the right ventricular (RV) myocardium. We undertook our study to (1) define the potential impact of age or morphometric parameters (height, weight, and body surface area) on RV @entity6 indexes, and (2) compare RV @entity6 data among normal subjects and @entity0 with different conditions of RV overload. We studied 34 @entity0 (mean age 14.6 +/- 4.7 years) divided into 3 groups: 14 @entity0 with RV @entity5 related to moderate to large @entity1 (group I); (2) 10 @entity0 with RV pressure overload due to transposition of the great arteries after the Mustard procedure (group II); and (3) 10 @entity0 with RV volume and pressure overload due to @entity3 and @entity4 after corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot (group III). In addition, 20 @entity0 with structurally normal hearts were enrolled as the control group. The 4 groups were comparable with regard to age and morphometric parameters. @entity6 parameters were assessed as the magnitude of cyclic variation, determined as the difference between peak and nadir @entity6 values and the averaged @entity2 intensity. In the control group and group I, @entity6 parameters did not change significantly with age, height, weight, and body surface area. In contrast, in groups II and III, a significant correlation was found between cyclic variation and age at the study (p = 0.021, r = -0.71, and p = 0.006, r = -0.79, respectively). Furthermore, compared with the control group, cyclic variation and @entity6 intensity were significantly different only in groups II (p = 0.01 and p = 0.006, respectively) and III (both p <0.0001) but not in group I (p = 0.23 and p = 0.38, respectively). The lowest values of cyclic variation and the highest values of intensity were detected in group III @entity0 . Thus, our data suggest that (1) in normal subjects, there is no correlation between RV @entity6 indexes and age or any morphometric parameters, and (2) @entity6 analysis is able to noninvasively detect differences in myocardial functional and textural properties in the presence of different conditions of RV overload.

title: Backscatter evaluation of myocardial functional and textural findings in XXXX with right ventricular pressure and/or @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Polyphenolic parenchyma cells (PP cells) in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stem phloem play important roles in constitutive and inducible defenses. To determine whether anatomical and molecular changes in PP cells are correlated with tree resistance, we infected two Norway spruce clones with the pathogenic fungus Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau. The fungus induced significantly different lesion lengths in the two clones, indicating that one clone was more resistant to the fungus ( @entity0 ) than the other (long lesions). After infection, the cross-sectional area of PP cells and their vacuolar @entity1 bodies increased in the three most recent annual rings of PP cells in both clones. The more resistant clone had larger PP cells with denser @entity1 bodies than the less resistant clone, whereas the less resistant clone accumulated relatively more @entity2 after infection. Compared with the less resistant clone, the more resistant clone contained higher starch concentrations before infection that were reduced more quickly after infection before returning to original values. Low transcript levels of @entity3 synthase were detected in uninfected tissues of both clones, but the levels increased dramatically after infection. Transcript levels were higher and peaked 6 days earlier in the more resistant clone than in the less resistant clone. The activity of at least one highly basic peroxidase isoform was greatly enhanced after infection, and this increase occurred earlier in the more resistant clone.

title: Induced responses to pathogen infection in Norway spruce phloem: changes in polyphenolic parenchyma cells, XXXX synthase transcript levels and peroxidase activity.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A number of parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and separate histologic features have been identified as potential prognosticators in high-grade @entity2 . This study evaluated the relationships between dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI-derived parameters and histologic features in @entity4 multiforme. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity0 with newly presenting @entity4 multiforme underwent preoperative imaging (conventional imaging and T1 dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI). Parametric maps of the initial area under the contrast agent concentration curve, contrast transfer coefficient, estimate of volume of the extravascular extracellular space, and estimate of blood plasma volume were generated, and the enhancing fraction was calculated. Surgical specimens were used to assess subtype and were graded (World Health Organization classification system) and were assessed for @entity3 , cell density, cellular atypia, mitotic activity, and overall vascularity scores. Quantitative assessment of endothelial surface area, vascular surface area, and a vascular profile count were made by using @entity5 immunostaining. The relationships between MR imaging parameters and histopathologic features were examined. RESULTS: High values of contrast transfer coefficient were associated with the presence of frank @entity3 (P = .005). High values of the estimate of volume of the extravascular extracellular space were associated with a fibrillary histologic pattern (P < .01) and with increased mitotic activity (P < .05). No relationship was found between mitotic activity and histologic pattern, suggesting that the correlation between the estimate of volume of the extravascular extracellular space and mitotic activity was independent of the histologic pattern. CONCLUSIONS: A correlation between the estimate of volume of the extravascular extracellular space and mitotic activity is reported. Further work is warranted to establish how dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI parameters relate to more quantitative histologic measurements, including markers of proliferation and measures of @entity1 expression.

title: Mitotic Activity in XXXX Correlates with Estimated Extravascular Extracellular Space Derived from Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity5 is known to be an important prognostic marker in many @entity0 @entity1 . We report the use of two @entity2 measurement techniques in @entity0 @entity6 and compare these data with semiquantitative histological end points. Oxygenation was measured using the Eppendorf needle electrode and/or EF5 binding in 28 @entity6 . These data were compared with @entity3 , mitosis, and endothelial proliferation. In some @entity1 , absolute EF5 binding was converted to tissue pO(2) based on in vitro calibrations. Eppendorf electrode readings could not be used to identify WHO grade 1/2 versus WHO grade 3/4 @entity1 , they could not differentiate grade 3 versus grade 4 glial-derived @entity1 , nor did they correlate with @entity3 or endothelial proliferation scores. EF5 binding increased as the @entity1 grade increased and was significantly associated with @entity3 and endothelial proliferation. There was no statistically significant correlation between the two @entity5 detection techniques, although both methods indicated similar absolute ranges of tissue @entity7 . There was substantial inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity of EF5 binding in WHO grade 4 @entity4 . The majority of cells in glial-derived @entity1 had levels of @entity5 that were mild to moderate (defined herein as 10% to 0.5% @entity7 ) rather than severe (defined as approximately 0.1% @entity7 ). Immunohistochemical detection of EF5 binding tracks histological parameters in @entity6 , with increased binding associated with increasing @entity3 and endothelial proliferation. The proportion of moderately to severely @entity5 cells is relatively low, even in the high-grade @entity1 . @entity0 @entity6 are dominated by oxic to moderately @entity5 cells.

title: Comparative measurements of XXXX in @entity0 @entity6 using needle electrodes and EF5 binding.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 is known to be an important prognostic marker in many @entity0 @entity1 . We report the use of two @entity2 measurement techniques in @entity0 @entity6 and compare these data with semiquantitative histological end points. Oxygenation was measured using the Eppendorf needle electrode and/or EF5 binding in 28 @entity6 . These data were compared with @entity3 , mitosis, and endothelial proliferation. In some @entity1 , absolute EF5 binding was converted to tissue pO(2) based on in vitro calibrations. Eppendorf electrode readings could not be used to identify WHO grade 1/2 versus WHO grade 3/4 @entity1 , they could not differentiate grade 3 versus grade 4 glial-derived @entity1 , nor did they correlate with @entity3 or endothelial proliferation scores. EF5 binding increased as the @entity1 grade increased and was significantly associated with @entity3 and endothelial proliferation. There was no statistically significant correlation between the two @entity5 detection techniques, although both methods indicated similar absolute ranges of tissue @entity7 . There was substantial inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity of EF5 binding in WHO grade 4 @entity4 . The majority of cells in glial-derived @entity1 had levels of @entity5 that were mild to moderate (defined herein as 10% to 0.5% @entity7 ) rather than severe (defined as approximately 0.1% @entity7 ). Immunohistochemical detection of EF5 binding tracks histological parameters in @entity6 , with increased binding associated with increasing @entity3 and endothelial proliferation. The proportion of moderately to severely @entity5 cells is relatively low, even in the high-grade @entity1 . @entity0 @entity6 are dominated by oxic to moderately @entity5 cells.

title: Comparative measurements of @entity5 in @entity0 XXXX using needle electrodes and EF5 binding.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity5 is known to be an important prognostic marker in many @entity0 @entity1 . We report the use of two @entity2 measurement techniques in @entity0 @entity6 and compare these data with semiquantitative histological end points. Oxygenation was measured using the Eppendorf needle electrode and/or EF5 binding in 28 @entity6 . These data were compared with @entity3 , mitosis, and endothelial proliferation. In some @entity1 , absolute EF5 binding was converted to tissue pO(2) based on in vitro calibrations. Eppendorf electrode readings could not be used to identify WHO grade 1/2 versus WHO grade 3/4 @entity1 , they could not differentiate grade 3 versus grade 4 glial-derived @entity1 , nor did they correlate with @entity3 or endothelial proliferation scores. EF5 binding increased as the @entity1 grade increased and was significantly associated with @entity3 and endothelial proliferation. There was no statistically significant correlation between the two @entity5 detection techniques, although both methods indicated similar absolute ranges of tissue @entity7 . There was substantial inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity of EF5 binding in WHO grade 4 @entity4 . The majority of cells in glial-derived @entity1 had levels of @entity5 that were mild to moderate (defined herein as 10% to 0.5% @entity7 ) rather than severe (defined as approximately 0.1% @entity7 ). Immunohistochemical detection of EF5 binding tracks histological parameters in @entity6 , with increased binding associated with increasing @entity3 and endothelial proliferation. The proportion of moderately to severely @entity5 cells is relatively low, even in the high-grade @entity1 . @entity0 @entity6 are dominated by oxic to moderately @entity5 cells.

title: Comparative measurements of @entity5 in XXXX @entity6 using needle electrodes and EF5 binding.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy has been used to visualize the fibrillization of @entity1 , a hormone which in aggregated forms plays a role in type 2 @entity0 pathology. Data were obtained at acidic pH where fibrillization is hindered by the charging of @entity2 18 and at slightly basic pH where the loss of charge on the @entity2 promotes aggregation. The experiments show three types of aggregate growth processes. In the earliest steps globular seeds are formed with some expanding radially during the course of the reaction. The dimensions of the globular seeds as well as their staining with the amyloid-specific dye @entity3 indicate that they are plaques of short fibrils. The next species observed are fibrils that invariably grow from large globular seeds or smaller punctate granules. Fibril elongation appears to be unidirectional, although in some cases multiple fibrils radiate from a single seed or granule. After fibrils are formed, some show an increase in fluorescence intensity that we attribute to the growth of new fibrils alongside those previously formed. All three aggregation processes are suggestive of secondary (heterogeneous) nucleation mechanisms in which nucleation occurs on preformed fibrils. Consistently, electron micrographs show changes in fibril morphology well after fibrils are first formed, and the growth processes observed by fluorescence microscopy occur after the corresponding solution reactions have reached an initial apparent plateau. Taken together, the results highlight the importance of secondary nucleation in the fibrillization of @entity1 , as this could provide a pathway to continue fibril growth once an initial population of fibrils is established.

title: Heterogeneous XXXX fibril growth mechanisms imaged by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The behavior of @entity3 otherwise lacking malignant features remains unknown as most of the originally reported aggressive cases showed anaplastic histologic features independently of rhabdoid phenotype. We studied 44 @entity0 with @entity3 lacking anaplastic features. Median age at diagnosis was 48.6 years (range 10-79). Location was supratentorial in 28 (63.6%), skull base in 15 (34.1%), and spinal in 1 (2.3%). @entity1 grade was otherwise World Health Organization grade I (n   =   22, 50%) or II (n   =   22, 50%). Rhabdoid cells represented <20% of the @entity1 in 12 cases (27.3%), 20% to 50% in 18 (40.9%), and >50% in 14 (31.8%). Median clinical follow-up, available for 38 @entity0 , was 5.0 years (range 0.17-14.2). Recurrence occurred in 9 @entity0 (5-year recurrence-free survival, 73.7%) with a significantly higher risk in subtotally resected @entity1 (p   =   0.043). Rhabdoid cell percentage was not associated with recurrence. Six @entity0 died (4 of disease, 2 of unclear causes); 5-year overall survival was 86.7%, a mortality in excess of that expected in grade I-II @entity2 but much lower than originally reported. Review of 50 similar previously reported cases confirmed our findings. We suggest that @entity3 be graded analogously to nonrhabdoid @entity1 , with caution that some may still behave aggressively and close follow-up is recommended.

title: XXXX With Rhabdoid Features Lacking Other Histologic Features of Malignancy: A Study of 44 Cases and Review of the Literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 can be relatively easily measured in the clinical setting. Consequently, closed-loop control can be exercised by measuring the neuromuscular activity, calculating the dose of drug necessary to achieve a predefined degree of @entity3 and finally directing an infusion pump. Recently introduced short-acting @entity1 agents like @entity4 provide benefits for the clinical routine due to a small onset time and half life. In order to provide a stable blockade for different groups of @entity0 a fast and highly adaptable control unit is needed. Furthermore its development should not imply costly investigations for determining a pharmacological model. The fulfilling of these requirements yield a self-adapting model-based predictive control system. The application of artificial @entity2 allows an appropriate adjustment of specific parameters without the knowledge of inner pharmacodynamic processes. In a clinical study the EMG module within a Datex AS/3 monitor was used to measure the blockade and a Grasepy 3500 infusion pump for i.v. administration of mivacurium to 35 @entity0 (ASA I-III). The performance of the novel system (mean of the T1 error: -0.32 +/- 1.7) compares favourably with closed-loop controllers demonstrated in the past. These promising results and the easy adaption to other @entity1 agents encourage to apply this technology even for delivering hypnotic drugs.

title: Nonlinear model-based predictive control of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants using XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A review of @entity0 with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency, symptomatic medial compartment @entity2 , and varus malalignment of the knee was performed. Twenty-six @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. Twelve @entity0 were treated with a valgus closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy (group 1). Fourteen @entity0 were treated with a valgus closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy combined with arthroscopic ACL reconstruction (group 2). Twenty-five @entity0 were available for follow-up at a minimum of 2 years. For group 1 @entity0 , high tibial osteotomy alone had no effect on the Lachman test or pivot shift phenomena. For group 2 @entity0 , combined high tibial osteotomy/ACL reconstruction resulted in a grade 1 Lachman test in 11 of 13 @entity0 , and a negative pivot shift in 12 of 13 @entity0 . No @entity1 were noted in either group. Prior to surgery, 14 (56%) @entity0 participated in recreational sports; 23 (92%) @entity0 were able to participate in recreational sports at follow-up. Radiographs demonstrated osteoarthritic progression in group 1 and 2 @entity0 (P<.05). The results of this study suggest that high tibial osteotomy alone and combined high tibial osteotomy/ACL reconstructions are effective in the surgical treatment of varus, @entity4 knees with symptomatic medial compartment @entity3 ; however, good or excellent results were more often seen after the combined procedure.

title: The short-term outcome of surgical treatment for painful varus XXXX in association with chronic @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A review of @entity0 with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency, symptomatic medial compartment @entity2 , and varus malalignment of the knee was performed. Twenty-six @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. Twelve @entity0 were treated with a valgus closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy (group 1). Fourteen @entity0 were treated with a valgus closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy combined with arthroscopic ACL reconstruction (group 2). Twenty-five @entity0 were available for follow-up at a minimum of 2 years. For group 1 @entity0 , high tibial osteotomy alone had no effect on the Lachman test or pivot shift phenomena. For group 2 @entity0 , combined high tibial osteotomy/ACL reconstruction resulted in a grade 1 Lachman test in 11 of 13 @entity0 , and a negative pivot shift in 12 of 13 @entity0 . No @entity1 were noted in either group. Prior to surgery, 14 (56%) @entity0 participated in recreational sports; 23 (92%) @entity0 were able to participate in recreational sports at follow-up. Radiographs demonstrated osteoarthritic progression in group 1 and 2 @entity0 (P<.05). The results of this study suggest that high tibial osteotomy alone and combined high tibial osteotomy/ACL reconstructions are effective in the surgical treatment of varus, @entity4 knees with symptomatic medial compartment @entity3 ; however, good or excellent results were more often seen after the combined procedure.

title: The short-term outcome of surgical treatment for painful varus @entity3 in association with chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: This prospective randomized study compared the efficacy and @entity3 of @entity8 and @entity5 to those of @entity8 alone for antiemetic control in @entity0 receiving high-dose chemotherapy with or without @entity4 ( @entity4 ) for stem cell transplantation. @entity0 were divided randomly into 2 groups. Groups received @entity8 twice daily at a dose of 40 microg/kg with or without 4 mg @entity5 (GS group and G group, respectively), starting 30 minutes before each dose of chemotherapeutic agent or @entity4 , or 12 hours after the first dose if @entity4 or a drug was given once a day. Fifty @entity0 were evaluated for the analysis. During the first 24 hours of conditioning, 23 of 25 @entity0 (92.0%) in the GS group achieved complete control of emesis (no emetic episodes over the course of a day), compared with 72.0% in the G group (P = .06). For @entity0 receiving @entity4 on the first day of conditioning, complete emetic control was achieved in all @entity0 (100.0%) in the GS group, compared with 63.2% in the G group (P = .02). The same degree of emetic control was maintained throughout the conditioning period in 38.8% of the GS group and 29.9% of the G group (P = .10). Adverse reactions were observed more frequently in the GS group (68.0% versus 5.0% in the G group). These reactions included @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity6 , and @entity7 . None of the events were serious. We conclude that @entity8 with @entity5 seems superior to @entity8 alone for the prevention of emesis resulting from the conditioning regimen; however, the more frequent side effects may limit the wide use of this combination.

title: XXXX plus @entity5 versus @entity8 alone in the prevention of vomiting induced by conditioning for stem cell transplantation: a prospective randomized study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: This prospective randomized study compared the efficacy and @entity3 of @entity8 and @entity5 to those of @entity8 alone for antiemetic control in @entity0 receiving high-dose chemotherapy with or without @entity4 ( @entity4 ) for stem cell transplantation. @entity0 were divided randomly into 2 groups. Groups received @entity8 twice daily at a dose of 40 microg/kg with or without 4 mg @entity5 (GS group and G group, respectively), starting 30 minutes before each dose of chemotherapeutic agent or @entity4 , or 12 hours after the first dose if @entity4 or a drug was given once a day. Fifty @entity0 were evaluated for the analysis. During the first 24 hours of conditioning, 23 of 25 @entity0 (92.0%) in the GS group achieved complete control of emesis (no emetic episodes over the course of a day), compared with 72.0% in the G group (P = .06). For @entity0 receiving @entity4 on the first day of conditioning, complete emetic control was achieved in all @entity0 (100.0%) in the GS group, compared with 63.2% in the G group (P = .02). The same degree of emetic control was maintained throughout the conditioning period in 38.8% of the GS group and 29.9% of the G group (P = .10). Adverse reactions were observed more frequently in the GS group (68.0% versus 5.0% in the G group). These reactions included @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity6 , and @entity7 . None of the events were serious. We conclude that @entity8 with @entity5 seems superior to @entity8 alone for the prevention of emesis resulting from the conditioning regimen; however, the more frequent side effects may limit the wide use of this combination.

title: @entity8 plus @entity5 versus XXXX alone in the prevention of vomiting induced by conditioning for stem cell transplantation: a prospective randomized study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: This prospective randomized study compared the efficacy and @entity3 of @entity8 and @entity5 to those of @entity8 alone for antiemetic control in @entity0 receiving high-dose chemotherapy with or without @entity4 ( @entity4 ) for stem cell transplantation. @entity0 were divided randomly into 2 groups. Groups received @entity8 twice daily at a dose of 40 microg/kg with or without 4 mg @entity5 (GS group and G group, respectively), starting 30 minutes before each dose of chemotherapeutic agent or @entity4 , or 12 hours after the first dose if @entity4 or a drug was given once a day. Fifty @entity0 were evaluated for the analysis. During the first 24 hours of conditioning, 23 of 25 @entity0 (92.0%) in the GS group achieved complete control of emesis (no emetic episodes over the course of a day), compared with 72.0% in the G group (P = .06). For @entity0 receiving @entity4 on the first day of conditioning, complete emetic control was achieved in all @entity0 (100.0%) in the GS group, compared with 63.2% in the G group (P = .02). The same degree of emetic control was maintained throughout the conditioning period in 38.8% of the GS group and 29.9% of the G group (P = .10). Adverse reactions were observed more frequently in the GS group (68.0% versus 5.0% in the G group). These reactions included @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity6 , and @entity7 . None of the events were serious. We conclude that @entity8 with @entity5 seems superior to @entity8 alone for the prevention of emesis resulting from the conditioning regimen; however, the more frequent side effects may limit the wide use of this combination.

title: @entity8 plus XXXX versus @entity8 alone in the prevention of vomiting induced by conditioning for stem cell transplantation: a prospective randomized study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin ( @entity5 ) is a protein present in neutrophils. @entity5 is a promising biomarker for @entity3 . In @entity1 , urinary neutrophils can be a potential source of urinary @entity5 . We investigated the effects of @entity1 and urinary neutrophil counts on urinary @entity5 values. METHODS: @entity5 was assayed using an immunoassay (ARCHITECT). Urine flowcytometry was performed with the UF-1000i (Sysmex). RESULTS: A correlation between the urinary white blood cell (WBC) count and @entity5 concentrations was observed: log(Y) ( @entity5 ,  g/L)=1.284+0.439 log(X) (urinary WBC, 10(9) cells/L); r=0.518. Similarly, the bacterial count correlated weakly with @entity5 ( @entity5 ,  g/L)=1.796+0.124 log(X) (bacterial count, 10(9) cells/L); r=0.243. @entity2 correlated moderately with @entity5 values: log(Y) ( @entity5 ,  g/L)=1.557+0.339 log(X) ( @entity2 , mg/L); r=0.368; a(1)-microglobulin (a1M) correlated weakly with @entity5 ( @entity5 ,  g/L)=1.631+0.360 log(X) (a1M, mg/L); r=0.381. CONCLUSIONS: Leukocyte contributions to urinary @entity5 concentrations can be important. In leukocyturia or tubular damage (e.g., intensive care @entity0 ), using a fixed cut-off value for interpreting urinary @entity5 data can lead to false positive results. Therefore, we suggest a mathematical correction in cases with @entity4 (>100*10(9) cells/L) and urinary @entity5 concentration >100  g/L: corrected @entity5 ( g/L)= @entity5 -0.12 (urinary WBC, 10(9) cells/L).

title: Increased urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin in XXXX and leukocyturia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: In order to get deeper understanding of @entity0 (DR), we analyzed and evauated the results of the amplitude and latency of F-ERG a-wave, b-wave and the total amplitudes of oscillatory potentials(OPs). METHODS: F-ERG of 105 eyes from 55 cases of @entity2 were diagnosed by the medical department from July 1997 to July 1998. The 105 eyes were examined by ophthalmoscope and fluorescing in angiography and divided into there groups: 22 eyes with @entity2 without DR( @entity3 ), 56 eyes with background DR(BDR) and 27 eyes with proliferate DR( @entity1 ). In addition, 30 eyes were regard as normal control group(NCG). We used VATA-2000 type vision electrophysiological instrument and inter-national standard for clinical ERG to do measure meat and recording automatically by computer. RESULTS: 1. The proportion of eyes number of invisible wave of a-wave, b-wave of F-ERG and Ops increased with the development of DR. 2. There were significant differences(P < 0.01) in the latency of a-wave between NCG and BDR and statistical significance(P < 0.05) between BDR and @entity3 . There were significant differences(P < 0.01) in the amplitude of b-wave among NCG and BDR, NCG and @entity1 , @entity3 and BDR, @entity3 and @entity1 . 3. The total amplitudes of OPs lowered with progressions of DR. There were significant differences(P < 0.01) in tota amplitudes of OPs between NCG and @entity3 , NCG and BDR, @entity3 and BDR, statistical significance(P < 0.05) between @entity3 and @entity1 . 4. There was no correlation between each index and the duration of the disease (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The amplitude of a-wave, b-wave, and total amplitudes are the targets for early diagnosis of DR. The combined analyses of the three indexes of ERG can determine the severity, curative effect, and prognosis of the disease.

title: The analysis of electroretinography of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has been considered to be safe and feasible. However, few studies focused on the comparison between the anatomic and nonanatomic LLR. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the perioperative factors and outcomes of the anatomic and nonanatomic LLR, especially the area of liver parenchymal transection and @entity3 per unit area. METHODS: In this study, surgical and oncological data of @entity0 underwent pure LLR procedures for @entity2 were prospectively collected. @entity3 per unit area of liver parenchymal transection was measured and considered as an important parameter. All procedures were conducted by a single surgeon. RESULTS: During nearly 5 years, 84 @entity0 with @entity2 received a pure LLR procedure were included. Among them, 34 @entity0 received anatomic LLR and 50 received nonanatomic LLR, respectively. @entity0 of the two groups were similar in terms of demographic features and @entity1 characteristics, despite the @entity1 size was significantly larger in the anatomic LLR group than that in the nonanatomic LLR group (4.77    2.57 vs. 2.87    2.10 cm, P = 0.001). @entity0 who underwent anatomic resection had longer operation time (364.09    131.22 vs. 252.00    135.21 min, P < 0.001) but less @entity3 per unit area (7.85    7.17 vs. 14.17    10.43 ml/cm 2 , P = 0.018). Nonanatomic LLR was associated with more @entity3 when the area of parenchymal transection was equal to the anatomic LLR. No mortality occurred during the hospital stay and 30 days after the operation. Moreover, there was no difference in the incidence of @entity4 . The disease-free and overall survival rates showed no significant differences between the anatomic LLR and nonanatomic LLR groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both anatomic and nonanatomic pure LLR are safe and feasible. Measuring the area of parenchymal transection is a simple and effective method to estimate the outcomes of the liver resection surgery. @entity3 per unit area is an important parameter which is comparable between the anatomic LLR and nonanatomic LLR groups.

title: Pure Laparoscopic Liver Resection for XXXX : Anatomic Resection Versus Nonanatomic Resection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The ciliated columnar epithelium in the @entity0 nasopharynx was studied by use of light and electron microscopes. The ciliated cells were divided into 3 types because of the variability in electron density of the ground cytoplasm. The @entity1 ciliated cells were characterized by well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and rod-shaped mitochondria with regular arrangements of pronounced cristae. In the light ciliated cells endoplasmic reticulum was poorly developed and mitochondria were vacuolated with irregular arrangements of cristae. Furthermore, there existed the "medium ciliated cells," termed by the authors, of which the cytoplasm was medium in electron density between the @entity1 and the light ciliated cells, and some mitochondria were rod-shaped and others were vacuolated. The medium ciliated cells are regarded to be at a stage of transformation from the @entity1 ciliated cells to the light ones. These findings suggest that the @entity1 ciliated cells swell to decrease their electron density with declining activity, and finally transform into the light ciliated cells. The cells, termed the "potential ciliated cells" by the authors, were scattered between the ciliated cells, reached the lumen and had no cilia. They contained many procentrioles suggesting ciliogenesis and had a cytoplasm of the same electron density as that of the @entity1 ciliated cells. It is considered that the @entity1 ciliated cells originate from the potential ciliated cells.

title: New observations on the fine structure of the normal nasopharyngeal epithelium of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe and to evaluate the clinical and economic implications of pharmacists' interventions as members of the liver transplant team for hospitalized liver recipients. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive and cost-benefit analysis of documented pharmacist interventions for hospitalized @entity0 from January 2010 to June 2012 was conducted. The type of drug-related problems (DRPs) was categorized. The clinical significance of pharmacist interventions was rated using five scales by two professionals. The cost avoidance was estimated based on the probability that an @entity1 ( @entity1 ) would have occurred without intervention using previously reported additional costs for @entity1 treatment. RESULTS: A total of 1,880 interventions were documented for 420 liver transplant recipients. The most common DRP was "need additional drug therapy" (42.6%), followed by "dosage problems" (23.5%). The most common drug class addressed by intervention was antimicrobials (51.4%). Most interventions were rated as more than clinically "significant". Analysis showed that pharmacist activities related to potential @entity1 prevention had a clear cost-benefit with a net cost-benefit     94,009 and a cost-benefit ratio of 3.8. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the positive impact of clinical pharmacists on the care of hospitalized liver transplant @entity0 in terms of both clinical and economic outcomes.

title: Clinical and economic evaluation of pharmacists' contribution to XXXX care on a multi-disciplinary liver transplant team.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Solid-pseudopapillary @entity2 (SPT) of the pancreas is a rare @entity2 , generally characterized by a well-encapsulated mass. The aim of the current study was to analyse the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of @entity0 with SPT. In this study, we report our clinical experience with 16 cases of SPTs. METHODS: Sixteen @entity0 who underwent surgery for pathologically confirmed SPT were included. Data of the @entity0 were reviewed from the prospectively recorded database. @entity0 ' demographics, laboratory values, clinical presentation, radiological imaging findings, surgical treatment, perioperative complications, pathological features, post-operative course, and long-term survival were collected and analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using the computer program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 for Windows. RESULTS: The @entity2 ranged from 2 to 11 cm in diameter and were located in the head in ten @entity0 (62.5%), the neck in two @entity0 (12.5%), and the body or tail in four @entity0 (25%). All @entity0 were @entity0 whose ages ranged from 21 to 79 years (mean age was 41.62    15.08). @entity0 had resection margins free of @entity2 resections and there were no preoperative or postoperative mortalities. There was no recurrence or @entity1 after the surgical resection. All @entity0 were alive at a mean follow-up of 49.06    29.53 months (range 6 to 99). CONCLUSION: SPT is a rare @entity3 with a low malignant potential, and is common in young @entity0 . If SPT is diagnosed before surgery, complete surgical resection, generally enucleation is the most effective therapy for SPT.

title: Surgical Outcomes of XXXX : A Single Institution's Experience of 16 Cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: A large meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials has seriously questioned chemoprevention based on vitamins including @entity3 (VE), and an increased risk for @entity1 among long-term users was actually seen. However, the mechanism underlying these findings still remain unknown. To clarify the mechanism, in an in vivo model we studied the putative disruption of redox homeostasis and the perturbation of carcinogen metabolizing enzymes determined by VE. MAIN METHODS: Male @entity2 were treated ip with either 100 or 200mg/kg b.w. daily for 7 or 14 consecutive days. Controls received vehicle only. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) content, @entity5 -reductase, @entity5 -linked monooxygenases, as well as phase-II and the antioxidant enzymes catalase and @entity4 : @entity6 reductase were investigated in both liver and kidney. Free radical species in tissue subcellular preparations were measured by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled to a radical probe technique. KEY FINDINGS: No substantial changes of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism enzymes were determined by VE. Conversely, a powerful booster effect of various renal phase-I carcinogen bioactivating enzymes at both dosages and observational times was recorded. While no relevant changes of post-oxidative phase-II reactions were found in the liver, a significant inactivating effect was caused by VE in renal tissues. Antioxidant enzymes were found mainly down regulated by the treatment. In the kidney, a marked free radical over-generation linkd to @entity5 indiction was observed. SIGNIFICANCE: This study proved that VE acts as a co-carcinogen and pro-oxidant agent. Such epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to explain the harmful outcomes observed in @entity0 .

title: Disruption of redox homeostasis and carcinogen metabolizing enzymes changes by administration of XXXX to @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: A large meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials has seriously questioned chemoprevention based on vitamins including @entity3 (VE), and an increased risk for @entity1 among long-term users was actually seen. However, the mechanism underlying these findings still remain unknown. To clarify the mechanism, in an in vivo model we studied the putative disruption of redox homeostasis and the perturbation of carcinogen metabolizing enzymes determined by VE. MAIN METHODS: Male @entity2 were treated ip with either 100 or 200mg/kg b.w. daily for 7 or 14 consecutive days. Controls received vehicle only. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) content, @entity5 -reductase, @entity5 -linked monooxygenases, as well as phase-II and the antioxidant enzymes catalase and @entity4 : @entity6 reductase were investigated in both liver and kidney. Free radical species in tissue subcellular preparations were measured by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled to a radical probe technique. KEY FINDINGS: No substantial changes of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism enzymes were determined by VE. Conversely, a powerful booster effect of various renal phase-I carcinogen bioactivating enzymes at both dosages and observational times was recorded. While no relevant changes of post-oxidative phase-II reactions were found in the liver, a significant inactivating effect was caused by VE in renal tissues. Antioxidant enzymes were found mainly down regulated by the treatment. In the kidney, a marked free radical over-generation linkd to @entity5 indiction was observed. SIGNIFICANCE: This study proved that VE acts as a co-carcinogen and pro-oxidant agent. Such epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to explain the harmful outcomes observed in @entity0 .

title: Disruption of redox homeostasis and carcinogen metabolizing enzymes changes by administration of @entity3 to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few data are available concerning the frequency of @entity4 after diagnostic EUS or EUS-guided FNA. This study was undertaken to provide these data and to determine whether present guidelines for prophylactic administration of antibiotics to prevent @entity3 during upper endoscopy are applicable to EUS and EUS-guided FNA. METHODS: A total of 100 @entity0 who were to undergo diagnostic EUS of the upper-GI tract and 50 who were to have upper-GI EUS-guided FNA were enrolled in this prospective study. Blood cultures were obtained before and within 5 minutes after the conclusion of the procedure. In case of bacterial growth, @entity0 were observed for at least 3 days for signs of @entity1 . RESULTS: After diagnostic EUS, significant @entity4 was found in two @entity0 with @entity2 (2%: 95% CI[0%, 4.8%]) and after EUS-guided FNA in two @entity0 (4%: 95% CI[0%, 9.6%]). The difference was not statistically significant. None of these @entity0 developed clinical signs of @entity1 . Risk factors predisposing to @entity4 could not be identified. CONCLUSION: The frequency of @entity4 after EUS, with and without FNA, is within the range of that for diagnostic upper endoscopy. Therefore, the same recommendations for prophylactic administration of antibiotics to prevent @entity3 may be applied in @entity0 undergoing EUS and EUS-guided FNA. The role of @entity2 as a predisposing factor to EUS-associated @entity1 remains uncertain.

title: Frequency of XXXX after linear EUS of the upper GI tract with and without FNA.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Boston Naming Test (BNT), a 60-item test of confrontation naming, may be administered either from Item 1 or Item 30, depending on assumptions of performance. If the BNT is administered from Item 30, 29 automatic credits are given for preceding items, allowing identical norms for either administration. We aimed to compare effects of automatic credits. METHOD: We compared effects of automatic credits in the Gothenburg Mild @entity1 Study, first between normal controls (n = 23) and @entity0 (n = 259), and then between the same @entity0 grouped by stage of impairment: @entity1 ( @entity1 , n = 75), @entity1 ( @entity1 , n = 117), or mild @entity2 (n = 67). RESULTS: Automatic credits added to all groups. Both administrations from Item 1 and those from Item 30 discriminated between controls (n = 23) and all @entity0 (n = 259), as well as between the above stages of impairment. However, neither administration discriminated between normal controls and @entity1 @entity0 . When earned scores were compared, with scores counted from Item 30 plus 29 automatic credits, mild @entity2 @entity0 on average received a 3.4-credit boost. This equals 82% of the standard deviation of Tallberg's Swedish norms [Brain and Language, 94(1), 19-31 (2005)] or 117% of our normal controls' standard deviation. CONCLUSIONS: In our homogenous material, administration of BNT from Item 30 distinguished between stages of deterioration as well as administration from Item 1. In line with recent literature, we also find BNT results skewed. Thus, for clinical accuracy, we recommend use of cumulative percentages, careful consideration of education and demographic factors, and, most importantly, never to mix forms of administrations with and without automatic credits. While BNT automatic credits diminish accuracy on all levels, they inflate scores significantly for nonaphasic mild @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Boston Naming Test automatic credits inflate scores of nonaphasic mild XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Boston Naming Test (BNT), a 60-item test of confrontation naming, may be administered either from Item 1 or Item 30, depending on assumptions of performance. If the BNT is administered from Item 30, 29 automatic credits are given for preceding items, allowing identical norms for either administration. We aimed to compare effects of automatic credits. METHOD: We compared effects of automatic credits in the Gothenburg Mild @entity1 Study, first between normal controls (n = 23) and @entity0 (n = 259), and then between the same @entity0 grouped by stage of impairment: @entity1 ( @entity1 , n = 75), @entity1 ( @entity1 , n = 117), or mild @entity2 (n = 67). RESULTS: Automatic credits added to all groups. Both administrations from Item 1 and those from Item 30 discriminated between controls (n = 23) and all @entity0 (n = 259), as well as between the above stages of impairment. However, neither administration discriminated between normal controls and @entity1 @entity0 . When earned scores were compared, with scores counted from Item 30 plus 29 automatic credits, mild @entity2 @entity0 on average received a 3.4-credit boost. This equals 82% of the standard deviation of Tallberg's Swedish norms [Brain and Language, 94(1), 19-31 (2005)] or 117% of our normal controls' standard deviation. CONCLUSIONS: In our homogenous material, administration of BNT from Item 30 distinguished between stages of deterioration as well as administration from Item 1. In line with recent literature, we also find BNT results skewed. Thus, for clinical accuracy, we recommend use of cumulative percentages, careful consideration of education and demographic factors, and, most importantly, never to mix forms of administrations with and without automatic credits. While BNT automatic credits diminish accuracy on all levels, they inflate scores significantly for nonaphasic mild @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Boston Naming Test automatic credits inflate scores of nonaphasic mild @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few objective measures of functional impairment to support clinical decision making in @entity5 ( @entity2 ). OBJECTIVE: We present the validation (and reliability measures) of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. METHODS: In a prospective, 2-center study, 253 consecutive @entity0 were assessed using the TUG test. A representative cohort of 110 volunteers served as control subjects. The TUG test values were assessed for validity and reliability. RESULTS: The TUG test had excellent intra- (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.97) and interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.99), with a standard error of measurement of 0.21 and 0.23 seconds, respectively. The validity of the TUG test was demonstrated by a good correlation with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) back (Pearson's correlation coefficient [PCC]: 0.25) and VAS (PCC: 0.29) leg @entity6 (Roland-Morris Disability Index [PCC: 0.38] and @entity3 Index [PCC: 0.34]), as well as with health-related quality of life (Short Form-12 Mental Component Summary score [PCC: -0.25], Short Form-12 Physical Component Summary score [PCC: -0.32], and EQ-5D [PCC: -0.28]). The upper limit of "normal" was 11.52 seconds. Mild (lower than the 33rd percentile), moderate (33rd to 66th percentiles), and @entity1 (higher than the 66th percentile) as determined by the TUG test was <13.4 seconds, 13.4 to 18.4 seconds, and >18.4 seconds, respectively. CONCLUSION: The TUG test is a quick, easy-to-use, valid, and reliable tool to evaluate objective functional impairment in @entity0 with @entity5 . In the clinical setting, @entity0 scoring a TUG test time of over 12 seconds can be considered to have functional impairment. ABBREVIATIONS: BMI, body mass indexDDD, @entity4 , health-related quality of lifeICC, intraclass correlationLDH, lumbar disc herniationLSS, lumbar spinal stenosisODI, @entity3 IndexOFI, objective functional impairmentPCC, Pearson's correlation coefficientPCS, Physical Component SummaryRMDI, Roland-Morris Disability IndexSF, Short FormVAS, visual analog scale.

title: Validity and Reliability of a Measurement of Objective Functional Impairment in Lumbar XXXX : The Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We sought to find a urinary biomarker for @entity4 and tested @entity5 ( @entity5 , also known as @entity10 / @entity10 ) as it was found to be a @entity2 biomarker in microarray studies. Here, we studied whether @entity5 is a marker of @entity2 progression. Its @entity2 was confirmed by real-time PCR after 5/6 nephrectomy, in @entity8 -induced @entity1 , and in @entity0 with @entity4 . In the remnant kidney, @entity5 mRNA increased over time reflecting lesion chronicity. @entity5 was identified in the @entity7 in infiltrating hematopoietic interstitial cells, and in distal nephron tubules of the viable remnant kidney expressed de novo with increasing time. In vitro, it localized to cytoplasmic vesicles and cell membranes. Epithelial cells lining distal tubules and sloughed luminal tubule cells of @entity0 expressed @entity5 protein. The urine @entity5 -to- @entity6 ratio increased over time after 5/6 nephrectomy; increased in @entity0 with @entity2 ; and remained detectable in urine after prolonged freezer storage. The urine @entity5 -to- @entity6 ratio compared favorably with the urine @entity9 ( @entity9 )-to- @entity6 ratio (both measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs)), and correlated strongly with @entity3 , but weakly with estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum @entity6 . Thus, @entity5 may be a biomarker of progressive @entity2 .

title: Hematopoietic growth factor inducible neurokinin-1 ( @entity10 / @entity10 ) is a biomarker of progressive XXXX across species.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We sought to find a urinary biomarker for @entity4 and tested @entity5 ( @entity5 , also known as @entity10 / @entity10 ) as it was found to be a @entity2 biomarker in microarray studies. Here, we studied whether @entity5 is a marker of @entity2 progression. Its @entity2 was confirmed by real-time PCR after 5/6 nephrectomy, in @entity8 -induced @entity1 , and in @entity0 with @entity4 . In the remnant kidney, @entity5 mRNA increased over time reflecting lesion chronicity. @entity5 was identified in the @entity7 in infiltrating hematopoietic interstitial cells, and in distal nephron tubules of the viable remnant kidney expressed de novo with increasing time. In vitro, it localized to cytoplasmic vesicles and cell membranes. Epithelial cells lining distal tubules and sloughed luminal tubule cells of @entity0 expressed @entity5 protein. The urine @entity5 -to- @entity6 ratio increased over time after 5/6 nephrectomy; increased in @entity0 with @entity2 ; and remained detectable in urine after prolonged freezer storage. The urine @entity5 -to- @entity6 ratio compared favorably with the urine @entity9 ( @entity9 )-to- @entity6 ratio (both measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs)), and correlated strongly with @entity3 , but weakly with estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum @entity6 . Thus, @entity5 may be a biomarker of progressive @entity2 .

title: Hematopoietic growth factor inducible neurokinin-1 ( XXXX / @entity10 ) is a biomarker of progressive @entity2 across species.

answer: @entity10


abstract: We sought to find a urinary biomarker for @entity4 and tested @entity5 ( @entity5 , also known as @entity10 / @entity10 ) as it was found to be a @entity2 biomarker in microarray studies. Here, we studied whether @entity5 is a marker of @entity2 progression. Its @entity2 was confirmed by real-time PCR after 5/6 nephrectomy, in @entity8 -induced @entity1 , and in @entity0 with @entity4 . In the remnant kidney, @entity5 mRNA increased over time reflecting lesion chronicity. @entity5 was identified in the @entity7 in infiltrating hematopoietic interstitial cells, and in distal nephron tubules of the viable remnant kidney expressed de novo with increasing time. In vitro, it localized to cytoplasmic vesicles and cell membranes. Epithelial cells lining distal tubules and sloughed luminal tubule cells of @entity0 expressed @entity5 protein. The urine @entity5 -to- @entity6 ratio increased over time after 5/6 nephrectomy; increased in @entity0 with @entity2 ; and remained detectable in urine after prolonged freezer storage. The urine @entity5 -to- @entity6 ratio compared favorably with the urine @entity9 ( @entity9 )-to- @entity6 ratio (both measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs)), and correlated strongly with @entity3 , but weakly with estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum @entity6 . Thus, @entity5 may be a biomarker of progressive @entity2 .

title: Hematopoietic growth factor inducible neurokinin-1 ( @entity10 / XXXX ) is a biomarker of progressive @entity2 across species.

answer: @entity10


abstract: As acute ethanol exposure inhibits N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate (Glu) receptors, sudden withdrawal from chronic alcohol use may lead to an increased activation of these receptors with excitotoxic effects. In the longer term, brain levels of Glu and its metabolites, such as glutamine (Gln), are likely to be chronically altered by alcohol, possibly providing a measure of overall abnormal Glu-Gln cycling. However, few studies have assessed concentrations of these metabolites in clinical populations of individuals with @entity3 . Glu and Gln levels were compared in groups of 17 healthy controls and in 13 @entity0 with @entity1 . Within the alcohol-dependent group, seven @entity0 had current @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and six had @entity3 in remission for at least 1 year ( @entity3 -R). Neurometabolite concentrations were measured with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H- @entity2 ) in a predominantly gray matter voxel that included the bilateral anterior cingulate gyri. Tissue segmentation provided an assessment of the proportion of gray matter in the (1)H- @entity2 voxel. The Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC) and Form-90 were administered to all @entity0 to quantify alcohol consequences and use. Glu level was lower and Gln level was higher in the @entity3 and @entity3 -R groups relative to the control group; creatine, choline, myo-inositol, and total N-acetyl groups, primarily N-acetylaspartate did not differ across groups. These results were not confounded by age, sex, or proportion of gray matter in the (1)H- @entity2 voxel. Neurometabolite concentrations did not differ between @entity3 and @entity3 -R groups. Subsequent regressions in the combined clinical group, treating voxel gray matter proportion as a covariate, revealed that total score on the DrInC was positively correlated with Gln but negatively correlated with both Glu and gray matter proportion. Regression analyses, including DrInC scores and smoking variables, identified a marginal independent effect of smoking on Gln. The current findings of higher Gln and lower Glu in the combined @entity3 and @entity3 -R groups might indicate a perturbation of the Glu-Gln cycle in @entity3 . The absence of differences in mean Glu and Gln between the @entity3 and @entity3 -R groups suggests that altered Glu-Gln metabolism may either predate the onset of abuse or persist during prolonged abstinence.

title: Perturbation of the glutamate-glutamine system in XXXX and remission.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effect of four semi-purified compounds obtained from Mandevilla velutina crude extract by @entity5 gel chromatography fractionization were analysed for their inhibitory effects on uterine contractions induced by @entity4 (BK), @entity6 (L-BK), @entity2 ( @entity3 ) and @entity1 , in vitro. None of the compounds tested affected uterine tone. Pre-incubation for 20 min with fraction 12 (20 to 80 micrograms ml-1), isolated from M. velutina produced a parallel and concentration-dependent displacement to the right of the concentration-response curves for BK and L-BK (1 to 1000 nM). Schild plots of these data were linear (correlation close to unity) and yielded a nominal pA2 value (as g ml-1) of 5.1 and 4.9, respectively, and the values of the slopes were not significantly different from unity. Fraction 11 (10 to 40 micrograms ml-1) also produced a parallel and concentration-dependent displacement to the right of the BK concentration-response curve. The Schild plot gave a mean pA2 value (g ml-1) of 5.4 and a slope not significantly different from unity. Fraction 12 did not influence the uterine contractile responses induced by @entity3 (0.1 to 100 microM) and @entity1 (0.01 to 30 miu ml-1) at concentrations less than 80 micrograms ml-1. Fraction 16 (20 to 80 micrograms ml-1) antagonized the action of BK only at concentrations greater than 40 micrograms ml-1, whereas fraction 5 (20 to 80 micrograms ml-1) was completely inactive against BK-induced responses. 5 As observed previously with the crude extract, the onset of the BK antagonistic action of these compounds was rapid and completely reversible following intermittent washing of the preparation for 30-60 min. 6 These results indicate the existence of at least two compounds in the crude extract of Mandevilla velutina that act as competitive and selective kinin antagonists on the isolated uterus of the @entity0 .

title: Kinin antagonist activity of compounds from Mandevilla velutina in the XXXX isolated uterus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of @entity7 plus @entity8 was administered to 75 @entity1 (including a 2-cycle group of 39 @entity1 and a 4-cycle group of 36 @entity1 ) with locally advanced @entity0 (35 cases of stage IIb, 28 of stage IIIa, 12 of stage IIIb) to compare efficacy and @entity4 of 2 cycle and 4 cycle regimens. All @entity1 were female. They were treated with @entity7 60 mg/m2, on day 1, by i.v., followed by @entity8 150 mg/m2, by 3 hour continuous infusion on day 2 repeated every 3 weeks. Premedication with @entity5 , @entity14 , @entity13 and @entity15 were administered to prevent gastroenteritic and @entity3 before chemotherapy. Thirty-nine @entity1 were given 2 cycles and thirty-six were given 4 cycles of this regimen. One of 39 @entity1 had complete response, 28 had partial response and 10 had no change in the 2-cycle group. In addition, 21 of 36 @entity1 had complete response (including 9 who had pathologic complete response), 13 had partial response and 2 had no change. The response rates were 74% (29/39) in the 2-cycle group and 94% (34/36) in the 4-cycle group. There were no progressive disease in these 2 groups. However a higher proportion of PR was observed in stage II @entity1 than in stage III @entity1 . Twelve of 36 @entity1 underwent breast conserving surgery, as @entity2 size had become smaller and down-staging was realized after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, axillary lymph nodes were palpable in all 75 @entity1 before neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the ET regimen. But 46% (18/39) in the 2-cycle group and 75% (27/36) in the 4-cycle group became impalpable. Conversely, major @entity4 (including @entity9 and @entity11 ) were similar in both groups, but @entity6 , @entity16 , @entity12 and @entity10 were more severe in the 4-cycle group than in the 2-cycle group. In the present study, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a 4-cycle ET regimen was more effective than with a 2-cycle regimen in down staging locally advanced @entity0 . Although major @entity4 were more severe in the 4-cycle group than in the 2-cycle group, the regimen was tolerable and safe.

title: [Clinical evaluation of effects from neoadjuvant chemotherapy with XXXX plus @entity8 in cases of locally advanced @entity0 --comparative study of treatment with 2 and 4 cycles].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of @entity7 plus @entity8 was administered to 75 @entity1 (including a 2-cycle group of 39 @entity1 and a 4-cycle group of 36 @entity1 ) with locally advanced @entity0 (35 cases of stage IIb, 28 of stage IIIa, 12 of stage IIIb) to compare efficacy and @entity4 of 2 cycle and 4 cycle regimens. All @entity1 were female. They were treated with @entity7 60 mg/m2, on day 1, by i.v., followed by @entity8 150 mg/m2, by 3 hour continuous infusion on day 2 repeated every 3 weeks. Premedication with @entity5 , @entity14 , @entity13 and @entity15 were administered to prevent gastroenteritic and @entity3 before chemotherapy. Thirty-nine @entity1 were given 2 cycles and thirty-six were given 4 cycles of this regimen. One of 39 @entity1 had complete response, 28 had partial response and 10 had no change in the 2-cycle group. In addition, 21 of 36 @entity1 had complete response (including 9 who had pathologic complete response), 13 had partial response and 2 had no change. The response rates were 74% (29/39) in the 2-cycle group and 94% (34/36) in the 4-cycle group. There were no progressive disease in these 2 groups. However a higher proportion of PR was observed in stage II @entity1 than in stage III @entity1 . Twelve of 36 @entity1 underwent breast conserving surgery, as @entity2 size had become smaller and down-staging was realized after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, axillary lymph nodes were palpable in all 75 @entity1 before neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the ET regimen. But 46% (18/39) in the 2-cycle group and 75% (27/36) in the 4-cycle group became impalpable. Conversely, major @entity4 (including @entity9 and @entity11 ) were similar in both groups, but @entity6 , @entity16 , @entity12 and @entity10 were more severe in the 4-cycle group than in the 2-cycle group. In the present study, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a 4-cycle ET regimen was more effective than with a 2-cycle regimen in down staging locally advanced @entity0 . Although major @entity4 were more severe in the 4-cycle group than in the 2-cycle group, the regimen was tolerable and safe.

title: [Clinical evaluation of effects from neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity7 plus @entity8 in cases of locally advanced XXXX --comparative study of treatment with 2 and 4 cycles].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of @entity7 plus @entity8 was administered to 75 @entity1 (including a 2-cycle group of 39 @entity1 and a 4-cycle group of 36 @entity1 ) with locally advanced @entity0 (35 cases of stage IIb, 28 of stage IIIa, 12 of stage IIIb) to compare efficacy and @entity4 of 2 cycle and 4 cycle regimens. All @entity1 were female. They were treated with @entity7 60 mg/m2, on day 1, by i.v., followed by @entity8 150 mg/m2, by 3 hour continuous infusion on day 2 repeated every 3 weeks. Premedication with @entity5 , @entity14 , @entity13 and @entity15 were administered to prevent gastroenteritic and @entity3 before chemotherapy. Thirty-nine @entity1 were given 2 cycles and thirty-six were given 4 cycles of this regimen. One of 39 @entity1 had complete response, 28 had partial response and 10 had no change in the 2-cycle group. In addition, 21 of 36 @entity1 had complete response (including 9 who had pathologic complete response), 13 had partial response and 2 had no change. The response rates were 74% (29/39) in the 2-cycle group and 94% (34/36) in the 4-cycle group. There were no progressive disease in these 2 groups. However a higher proportion of PR was observed in stage II @entity1 than in stage III @entity1 . Twelve of 36 @entity1 underwent breast conserving surgery, as @entity2 size had become smaller and down-staging was realized after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, axillary lymph nodes were palpable in all 75 @entity1 before neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the ET regimen. But 46% (18/39) in the 2-cycle group and 75% (27/36) in the 4-cycle group became impalpable. Conversely, major @entity4 (including @entity9 and @entity11 ) were similar in both groups, but @entity6 , @entity16 , @entity12 and @entity10 were more severe in the 4-cycle group than in the 2-cycle group. In the present study, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a 4-cycle ET regimen was more effective than with a 2-cycle regimen in down staging locally advanced @entity0 . Although major @entity4 were more severe in the 4-cycle group than in the 2-cycle group, the regimen was tolerable and safe.

title: [Clinical evaluation of effects from neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity7 plus XXXX in cases of locally advanced @entity0 --comparative study of treatment with 2 and 4 cycles].

answer: @entity8


abstract: An umbilical metastasis of @entity1 is known as Sister Mary Joseph's nodule. It ordinarily indicates a poor prognosis because umbilical metastasis often develops with peritoneal dissemination. Herein, we report a case of umbilical metastasis of @entity1 that showed good response to chemotherapy, including the oral anticancer agent TS-1. The @entity0 was a 55-year-old @entity0 in which @entity1 was found by upper gastrointestinal series. Physical examination revealed an umbilical nodule that had an irregular surface and a hard consistency. Ultrasonography showed a 15 x 10 mm hypoechoic mass under the umbilicus. Core needle biopsy of the umbilical mass revealed @entity2 . Peritoneal dissemination was proved by diagnostic laparoscopy. Oral anticancer agent TS-1 was administered with low-dose @entity3 . The @entity4 and umbilical nodule showed marked response to the chemotherapy and the response continued for 20 months. The @entity0 died of disease progression 31 months after the initiation of the treatment.

title: [A case of @entity1 with umbilical metastasis that responded to TS-1 with low-dose XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: An umbilical metastasis of @entity1 is known as Sister Mary Joseph's nodule. It ordinarily indicates a poor prognosis because umbilical metastasis often develops with peritoneal dissemination. Herein, we report a case of umbilical metastasis of @entity1 that showed good response to chemotherapy, including the oral anticancer agent TS-1. The @entity0 was a 55-year-old @entity0 in which @entity1 was found by upper gastrointestinal series. Physical examination revealed an umbilical nodule that had an irregular surface and a hard consistency. Ultrasonography showed a 15 x 10 mm hypoechoic mass under the umbilicus. Core needle biopsy of the umbilical mass revealed @entity2 . Peritoneal dissemination was proved by diagnostic laparoscopy. Oral anticancer agent TS-1 was administered with low-dose @entity3 . The @entity4 and umbilical nodule showed marked response to the chemotherapy and the response continued for 20 months. The @entity0 died of disease progression 31 months after the initiation of the treatment.

title: [A case of XXXX with umbilical metastasis that responded to TS-1 with low-dose @entity3 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To examine the association between parity and @entity1 (the cases are almost all premenopausal @entity0 ) risk in a cohort of young parous @entity0 . METHODS: The study cohort consisted of all @entity0 with a record of a first and singleton childbirth in the Birth Register between 1978 and 1987. We tracked each @entity0 from the time of her first childbirth to December 31, 2008. Their vital status was ascertained by linking records to the computerized mortality database. @entity2 proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios of death from @entity1 associated with parity. RESULTS: There were 1090 @entity1 deaths (85.87% of them were premenopausal) during 33 686 828 @entity0 -years of follow-up. The mortality rate of @entity1 was 3.24 cases per 100,000 @entity0 -years. A trend of increasing risk of @entity1 was seen with increasing parity. The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.24 [confidence interval (95% CI): 1.02-1.50] for @entity0 who had borne two to three @entity0 , and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.01-1.72) for @entity0 with four or more births, when compared with @entity0 who had given birth to only one @entity0 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that higher parity may increase the risk of death from @entity1 among premenopausal @entity0 .

title: Higher parity associated with higher risk of death from XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity4 service within a general hospital was prospectively evaluated to establish whether evidence-based protocols could deliver results comparable to those reported from specialist @entity4 clinics. METHODS: Protocols were devised according to established models. With the support of a nurse specialist, 1015 @entity0 with @entity2 were treated. Quality-of-life analysis was undertaken using the Short Form 36. RESULTS: @entity0 ranged in age from 16-98 years (median, 56 years). Ambulatory day-case surgery was achieved in 820 @entity0 (81%), with local anaesthesia in 891 (88%). @entity5 occurred in 10 @entity0 (0.98%). Wound haematoma requiring surgical intervention occurred in three @entity0 . Two @entity0 formed wound seromas that settled spontaneously. One @entity0 developed @entity6 resulting in @entity3 . At 5 days after operation, 91% of @entity0 had returned to normal activity. At 1 year, 7 @entity0 (0.7%) had @entity1 sufficient to limit normal activity or employment. There were 8 recurrences (0.78%) at a median follow-up of 2.5 years. Quality-of-life was enhanced at 1 year postoperatively. CONCLUSION: A protocol-driven @entity4 service within a general hospital can provide @entity0 outcomes comparable to specialist @entity4 clinics.

title: A prospective study of 1000 XXXX : results of the Plymouth Hernia Service.

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study describes the actions of @entity1 ( @entity6 ) on the salivary gland cells of Helisoma. Perfusion of the salivary gland cells with @entity6 produces a long-lasting depolarization accompanied by an increase in the input conductance of the gland cells. The depolarization is often followed by a long-lasting hyperpolarization. @entity13 , @entity14 , and @entity7 also produce depolarizing responses. @entity4 and @entity8 produce only a small depolarization in the gland cells. The following cholinergic antagonists are effective in blocking the gland-cell response to @entity6 : @entity12 , @entity10 , @entity11 , @entity9 , and @entity3 . A new preparation, the "isolated acinus," was utilized to obtain the reversal potential of the @entity6 response. The mean reversal potential in 10 preparations was -7 +/- 8 mV. The depolarizing phase of the response is dependent on the presence of both external @entity0 and external @entity5 ions. The long-lasting hyperpolarization is produced by the activity of an electrogenic @entity5 - @entity2 pump. The properties of the @entity1 receptors on the salivary gland cells of Helisoma are compared with those described in other gastropod preparations.

title: XXXX -induced responses in the salivary gland cells of Helisoma trivolvis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Central @entity2 and genetic factors are associated with suicidal behavior in @entity1 @entity0 . The goal of this study was to examine the association between the @entity3 gene polymorphism ( @entity4 ) and suicide in a sample of Brazilian @entity1 inpatients. 2. We studied 225 subjects. Genotypic frequencies were obtained after DNA extraction and the region of @entity3 / @entity4 containing the polymorphic site amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and digested with the restriction enzyme HpaII. 3. No differences were found between @entity0 with and without suicide attempt history. @entity0 with a history of severe suicide attempts also did not exhibit different genotypic frequencies when compared with @entity0 without a suicide attempt history. 4. These results suggest that the @entity3 gene polymorphism ( @entity4 ) may not be involved in the genetic susceptibility to suicidal behavior.

title: Analysis of XXXX 5 @entity3 polymorphism in Brazilian @entity1 inpatients: relationship with suicidal behavior.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. Central @entity2 and genetic factors are associated with suicidal behavior in @entity1 @entity0 . The goal of this study was to examine the association between the @entity3 gene polymorphism ( @entity4 ) and suicide in a sample of Brazilian @entity1 inpatients. 2. We studied 225 subjects. Genotypic frequencies were obtained after DNA extraction and the region of @entity3 / @entity4 containing the polymorphic site amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and digested with the restriction enzyme HpaII. 3. No differences were found between @entity0 with and without suicide attempt history. @entity0 with a history of severe suicide attempts also did not exhibit different genotypic frequencies when compared with @entity0 without a suicide attempt history. 4. These results suggest that the @entity3 gene polymorphism ( @entity4 ) may not be involved in the genetic susceptibility to suicidal behavior.

title: Analysis of @entity4 5 @entity3 polymorphism in Brazilian XXXX inpatients: relationship with suicidal behavior.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Central @entity2 and genetic factors are associated with suicidal behavior in @entity1 @entity0 . The goal of this study was to examine the association between the @entity3 gene polymorphism ( @entity4 ) and suicide in a sample of Brazilian @entity1 inpatients. 2. We studied 225 subjects. Genotypic frequencies were obtained after DNA extraction and the region of @entity3 / @entity4 containing the polymorphic site amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and digested with the restriction enzyme HpaII. 3. No differences were found between @entity0 with and without suicide attempt history. @entity0 with a history of severe suicide attempts also did not exhibit different genotypic frequencies when compared with @entity0 without a suicide attempt history. 4. These results suggest that the @entity3 gene polymorphism ( @entity4 ) may not be involved in the genetic susceptibility to suicidal behavior.

title: Analysis of @entity4 5 XXXX polymorphism in Brazilian @entity1 inpatients: relationship with suicidal behavior.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible correlation of sympotoms of @entity7 and @entity2 . METHODS: A total of 131 @entity0 that proved to suffer from @entity7 by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were enrolled.These @entity0 were divided into three groups according to the position of @entity7 (Group A: internal carotid @entity6 ; Group B : @entity8 ; Group C: internal carotid artery and @entity8 ). All the @entity0 underwent apolysomnography( @entity9 ) and correlative parameters were compared. RESULTS: Of 131 cases of @entity7 , SAHS @entity0 was up to 106 cases (81%). The incidence of SAHS between the three groups had no significant difference. But the @entity2 index (AHI), the average @entity1 desaturation index (AODI) of group B and group C were higher than those of group A. The events of @entity4 of Group C is higher than Group A. CONCLUSION: There is a high morbidity rate of SAHS in @entity0 with symptomatic @entity7 . The morbidity rate of SAHS has no significant difference with the section of @entity5 . But the degree of SAHS is heavier in the @entity0 that with @entity8 , @entity8 , the lateral appears to experience various types of @entity3 events.

title: [Studies about the correlation of XXXX with symptomatic @entity7 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible correlation of sympotoms of @entity7 and @entity2 . METHODS: A total of 131 @entity0 that proved to suffer from @entity7 by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were enrolled.These @entity0 were divided into three groups according to the position of @entity7 (Group A: internal carotid @entity6 ; Group B : @entity8 ; Group C: internal carotid artery and @entity8 ). All the @entity0 underwent apolysomnography( @entity9 ) and correlative parameters were compared. RESULTS: Of 131 cases of @entity7 , SAHS @entity0 was up to 106 cases (81%). The incidence of SAHS between the three groups had no significant difference. But the @entity2 index (AHI), the average @entity1 desaturation index (AODI) of group B and group C were higher than those of group A. The events of @entity4 of Group C is higher than Group A. CONCLUSION: There is a high morbidity rate of SAHS in @entity0 with symptomatic @entity7 . The morbidity rate of SAHS has no significant difference with the section of @entity5 . But the degree of SAHS is heavier in the @entity0 that with @entity8 , @entity8 , the lateral appears to experience various types of @entity3 events.

title: [Studies about the correlation of @entity2 with symptomatic XXXX ].

answer: @entity7