abstract: The study about fertility and @entity1 in Maputo City and the rural District of Vilanculos, in Mozambique, was carried out with samples from the 1979 Census Trials. The objective was to study the relationship between mortality and fertility. The results showed that Vilanculos had a higher percentage of mothers who had experienced @entity0 or @entity0 mortality (61%) compared with Maputo (35%). Maputo had a higher proportion of @entity0 deaths per mother when compared with some american countries (Costa Rica and Peru). The total fertility rate was 7.7 in Vilanculos and 6.3 in Maputo, showing the direct relationship between fertility and mortality. @entity1 was studied in the age group over 50 due to possible sociocultural influences interfering in the fertility of younger groups. Maputo had a significant higher proportion of @entity1 (13.7%) compared to Vilanculos (5.6%) (p value 0.001), and to other African countries: Sudan, Senegal, and Alto Volta. Because the author concluded that this difference could be reflecting a problem that occurred in the past, around 30 years ago, the proportions in the age groups 25-29 were compared. Maputo still had the same higher proportion (13.8%), reflecting that the problem was still existing. The percentage of secondary @entity1 was always higher in Maputo, but it could be due to the usual differences between urban and rural areas. Vilanculos had a higher percentage of mothers who had experienced @entity0 or @entity0 mortality, but in the age group 45-64, Maputo showed a higher percentage.

title: [Fertility and XXXX in Mozambique: a study in two areas, Maputo and Vilanculos].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) clubs were first introduced in the Estie district of South Gonder administrative zone, Amhara region of northwestern Ethiopia in January 1997, in an attempt to improve @entity2 control in rural areas. Before the clubs were introduced, @entity0 who were family members or close neighbors were given different treatment follow-up dates. Walking long distances alone to secure treatment, @entity0 often grew discouraged from continuing treatment once their health began to improve. However, upon the introduction of the @entity2 clubs, neighboring @entity0 , or those in the same family, had their follow-up appointment dates rearranged in the same clinics. Local neighborhoods were also used to group nearby @entity0 in the same follow-up clinic. The @entity0 then formed their own groups ( @entity2 clubs) and elected leaders. 3-10 members usually comprise each club, with the club leaders monitoring drug intake and new developments, such as @entity1 and toxic skin reactions. The social ostracism and stigma otherwise experienced by @entity0 have been largely overcome as a result of the @entity2 information disseminated within the communities by the clubs, while @entity0 attendance for treatment has increased from 68% to 98%, according to one study's findings. This intervention has taken place using the long-course treatment protocol (2STH/EH and 10TH/EH). @entity2 clubs are improving @entity0 adherence to treatment, passive case detection, defaulter tracing, @entity2 reporting and recording, and community involvement in health care.

title: Partners against XXXX : Ethiopia's " @entity2 clubs".

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) clubs were first introduced in the Estie district of South Gonder administrative zone, Amhara region of northwestern Ethiopia in January 1997, in an attempt to improve @entity2 control in rural areas. Before the clubs were introduced, @entity0 who were family members or close neighbors were given different treatment follow-up dates. Walking long distances alone to secure treatment, @entity0 often grew discouraged from continuing treatment once their health began to improve. However, upon the introduction of the @entity2 clubs, neighboring @entity0 , or those in the same family, had their follow-up appointment dates rearranged in the same clinics. Local neighborhoods were also used to group nearby @entity0 in the same follow-up clinic. The @entity0 then formed their own groups ( @entity2 clubs) and elected leaders. 3-10 members usually comprise each club, with the club leaders monitoring drug intake and new developments, such as @entity1 and toxic skin reactions. The social ostracism and stigma otherwise experienced by @entity0 have been largely overcome as a result of the @entity2 information disseminated within the communities by the clubs, while @entity0 attendance for treatment has increased from 68% to 98%, according to one study's findings. This intervention has taken place using the long-course treatment protocol (2STH/EH and 10TH/EH). @entity2 clubs are improving @entity0 adherence to treatment, passive case detection, defaulter tracing, @entity2 reporting and recording, and community involvement in health care.

title: Partners against @entity2 : Ethiopia's " XXXX clubs".

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early postoperative coronary angiography was performed to establish the feasibility of treating @entity0 with @entity2 by performing completely arterial revascularization on the beating heart using only bilateral internal thoracic arteries (ITAs). METHODS: Between March 2001 and February 2003, 113 @entity0 with @entity2 (age, 62.0 +/- 8.6 years) underwent beating heart revascularization using only the bilateral ITAs. Left ventricular ejection fractions ranged from 23% to 78% (mean, 51.3% +/- 15.1%). The incidence of @entity1 was 46%. Early postoperative coronary artery angiographic follow-up was performed since May 2002 in the last 59 sequential @entity0 . RESULTS: There were no operative deaths. Perioperative @entity4 occurred in only 1 @entity0 each. The mean number of distal anastomoses was 3.9 +/- 0.7 per @entity0 . The patency rates were 100% for the left ITA and 98.1% for the right. Competitive flow patterns were present in 25 distal @entity3 sites (10.5%). A multivariate analysis showed that the degree of @entity5 (<75%), the extent of focal @entity5 of the native coronary artery, and the intraoperative transit-time flow rate (<10 mL/min) were the statistically significant risk factors for competitive flow. CONCLUSION: This surgical strategy is feasible, is safe, and yields good early angiographic outcomes, even following beating heart revascularization. However, in less significant lesions competitive flow patterns were relatively prevalent, so this technique might be reserved until it is proven to provide good long-term patency and function.

title: Beating heart revascularization using only bilateral internal thoracic arteries for XXXX : early angiographic findings.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify factors affecting the quality of life (QoL) of @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-one @entity0 in complete remission more than 2 years after diagnosis were asked to complete three QoL questionnaires: the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity1 (EORTC) QLQ-C30; its colorectal module, QLQ-CR38; and the Duke generic instrument. RESULTS: @entity0 reported less @entity3 (P =.002) than did controls drawn from the general population. EORTC QLQ-C30 physical scores were also higher among @entity1 survivors than in the general Norwegian or German population (P =.0005 and P =.002, respectively). Unexpectedly, stoma @entity0 reported better social functioning than did nonstoma @entity0 (P =.005), with less @entity2 (P =.008) and higher self-esteem (P =.0002). In the present authors' experience, the QLQ-CR38 does not discriminate between these groups. Residual abdominal or pelvic @entity3 and @entity4 had the most negative influence on QoL. CONCLUSION: QoL is high among @entity1 survivors, including stoma @entity0 . Simultaneous use of several QoL questionnaires appears to have value in follow-up and in monitoring the effects of therapy. The impact of @entity3 and @entity4 on long-term QoL should be considered when establishing a treatment regimen.

title: Quality of life among XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Agonist-stimulated desensitization of the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is caused by both a potent @entity1 -dependent protein kinase (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation and a less potent, occupancy-dependent, G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-mediated phosphorylation that leads to beta-arrestin binding and internalization. In this study the kinetics of phosphorylation of the third intracellular loop PKA site Ser262 and the putative C-tail GRK sites Ser355, Ser356 of the @entity0 @entity7 overexpressed in @entity0 embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells were characterized using @entity14 -specific antibodies. Specificity of the antibodies was shown by their lack of reactivity with mutant beta2ARs lacking the respective sites. In addition, overexpression of @entity2 and @entity17 increased basal levels of phosphorylation of the GRK sites Ser355, Ser356 in both COS-7 and HEK 293 cells. @entity5 , @entity10 , and @entity6 at maximum concentrations stimulated phosphorylation of the @entity7 PKA site (Ser262) by 4-fold, whereas PMA stimulated it by 2-fold. @entity5 stimulated PKA site phosphorylation with an EC50 of 20 to 40 pM. In contrast, @entity5 stimulated GRK site phosphorylation (Ser355,Ser356) with an EC50 of 200 nM (1-min treatments), which is more than 4000-fold higher relative to PKA site phosphorylation, consistent with an occupancy-driven process. After 10 to 30 min, the EC50 for @entity5 stimulation of GRK site phosphorylation was reduced to 10 to 20 nM but was still approximately 200-fold greater than for the PKA site. The EC50 for internalization correlated with GRK site phosphorylation and showed a similar shift with time of @entity5 stimulation. The kinetics of @entity5 -stimulated GRK site phosphorylation were not altered in a mutant of the @entity7 lacking the PKA consensus sites. The initial levels (2 min) of a range of agonist-stimulated GRK site phosphorylations were correlated with their efficacy for activation of adenylyl cyclase, namely @entity5 > or = @entity12 = @entity13 > @entity9 = @entity16 = @entity8 > @entity15 > @entity3 > or = @entity11 . However, after 20 to 30 min of treatment, agonists with intermediate strengths, such as @entity8 and @entity15 , stimulate GRK site phosphorylations that are approximately equal to that produced by @entity5 , and the correlation breaks down. The GRK and PKA site antibodies were also effective in detecting phosphorylation of the endogenous @entity7 expressed in A431 @entity0 @entity4 cells. To summarize, our results show a remarkable amplification of PKA site phosphorylation relative to the putative GRK site phosphorylation, heterologous stimulation of the PKA site phosphorylation, no dependence of GRK site phosphorylation on PKA sites, and a reasonable correlation of initial levels of GRK site phosphorylation with the strength of a range of agonists.

title: Characterization of agonist stimulation of XXXX -dependent protein kinase and G protein-coupled receptor kinase phosphorylation of the @entity7 using @entity14 -specific antibodies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Agonist-stimulated desensitization of the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is caused by both a potent @entity1 -dependent protein kinase (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation and a less potent, occupancy-dependent, G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-mediated phosphorylation that leads to beta-arrestin binding and internalization. In this study the kinetics of phosphorylation of the third intracellular loop PKA site Ser262 and the putative C-tail GRK sites Ser355, Ser356 of the @entity0 @entity7 overexpressed in @entity0 embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells were characterized using @entity14 -specific antibodies. Specificity of the antibodies was shown by their lack of reactivity with mutant beta2ARs lacking the respective sites. In addition, overexpression of @entity2 and @entity17 increased basal levels of phosphorylation of the GRK sites Ser355, Ser356 in both COS-7 and HEK 293 cells. @entity5 , @entity10 , and @entity6 at maximum concentrations stimulated phosphorylation of the @entity7 PKA site (Ser262) by 4-fold, whereas PMA stimulated it by 2-fold. @entity5 stimulated PKA site phosphorylation with an EC50 of 20 to 40 pM. In contrast, @entity5 stimulated GRK site phosphorylation (Ser355,Ser356) with an EC50 of 200 nM (1-min treatments), which is more than 4000-fold higher relative to PKA site phosphorylation, consistent with an occupancy-driven process. After 10 to 30 min, the EC50 for @entity5 stimulation of GRK site phosphorylation was reduced to 10 to 20 nM but was still approximately 200-fold greater than for the PKA site. The EC50 for internalization correlated with GRK site phosphorylation and showed a similar shift with time of @entity5 stimulation. The kinetics of @entity5 -stimulated GRK site phosphorylation were not altered in a mutant of the @entity7 lacking the PKA consensus sites. The initial levels (2 min) of a range of agonist-stimulated GRK site phosphorylations were correlated with their efficacy for activation of adenylyl cyclase, namely @entity5 > or = @entity12 = @entity13 > @entity9 = @entity16 = @entity8 > @entity15 > @entity3 > or = @entity11 . However, after 20 to 30 min of treatment, agonists with intermediate strengths, such as @entity8 and @entity15 , stimulate GRK site phosphorylations that are approximately equal to that produced by @entity5 , and the correlation breaks down. The GRK and PKA site antibodies were also effective in detecting phosphorylation of the endogenous @entity7 expressed in A431 @entity0 @entity4 cells. To summarize, our results show a remarkable amplification of PKA site phosphorylation relative to the putative GRK site phosphorylation, heterologous stimulation of the PKA site phosphorylation, no dependence of GRK site phosphorylation on PKA sites, and a reasonable correlation of initial levels of GRK site phosphorylation with the strength of a range of agonists.

title: Characterization of agonist stimulation of @entity1 -dependent protein kinase and G protein-coupled receptor kinase phosphorylation of the XXXX using @entity14 -specific antibodies.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Agonist-stimulated desensitization of the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is caused by both a potent @entity1 -dependent protein kinase (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation and a less potent, occupancy-dependent, G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-mediated phosphorylation that leads to beta-arrestin binding and internalization. In this study the kinetics of phosphorylation of the third intracellular loop PKA site Ser262 and the putative C-tail GRK sites Ser355, Ser356 of the @entity0 @entity7 overexpressed in @entity0 embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells were characterized using @entity14 -specific antibodies. Specificity of the antibodies was shown by their lack of reactivity with mutant beta2ARs lacking the respective sites. In addition, overexpression of @entity2 and @entity17 increased basal levels of phosphorylation of the GRK sites Ser355, Ser356 in both COS-7 and HEK 293 cells. @entity5 , @entity10 , and @entity6 at maximum concentrations stimulated phosphorylation of the @entity7 PKA site (Ser262) by 4-fold, whereas PMA stimulated it by 2-fold. @entity5 stimulated PKA site phosphorylation with an EC50 of 20 to 40 pM. In contrast, @entity5 stimulated GRK site phosphorylation (Ser355,Ser356) with an EC50 of 200 nM (1-min treatments), which is more than 4000-fold higher relative to PKA site phosphorylation, consistent with an occupancy-driven process. After 10 to 30 min, the EC50 for @entity5 stimulation of GRK site phosphorylation was reduced to 10 to 20 nM but was still approximately 200-fold greater than for the PKA site. The EC50 for internalization correlated with GRK site phosphorylation and showed a similar shift with time of @entity5 stimulation. The kinetics of @entity5 -stimulated GRK site phosphorylation were not altered in a mutant of the @entity7 lacking the PKA consensus sites. The initial levels (2 min) of a range of agonist-stimulated GRK site phosphorylations were correlated with their efficacy for activation of adenylyl cyclase, namely @entity5 > or = @entity12 = @entity13 > @entity9 = @entity16 = @entity8 > @entity15 > @entity3 > or = @entity11 . However, after 20 to 30 min of treatment, agonists with intermediate strengths, such as @entity8 and @entity15 , stimulate GRK site phosphorylations that are approximately equal to that produced by @entity5 , and the correlation breaks down. The GRK and PKA site antibodies were also effective in detecting phosphorylation of the endogenous @entity7 expressed in A431 @entity0 @entity4 cells. To summarize, our results show a remarkable amplification of PKA site phosphorylation relative to the putative GRK site phosphorylation, heterologous stimulation of the PKA site phosphorylation, no dependence of GRK site phosphorylation on PKA sites, and a reasonable correlation of initial levels of GRK site phosphorylation with the strength of a range of agonists.

title: Characterization of agonist stimulation of @entity1 -dependent protein kinase and G protein-coupled receptor kinase phosphorylation of the @entity7 using XXXX -specific antibodies.

answer: @entity14


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Spinal somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEPs), elicited by mixed nerve and dermatomal stimulation, and compound evoked muscle potentials (CMAPs), elicited by lower thoracic interspinous space stimulation, were recorded in @entity1 that underwent single nerve root transection. OBJECTIVES: To investigate and compare the effects of single nerve root transection using various electrophysiological models and to define a monitoring strategy that can easily and accurately predict compromise caused by a single lumbosacral nerve @entity2 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Neuromonitoring is an important and effective preventive measure against @entity0 during spinal surgery, but monitoring the @entity3 is not well established. METHODS: @entity1 received (Group I) a sham operation or had the (Group II) left L4, (Group III) L5, or (Group IV) L6 nerve root transected. SSEP were recorded at the thoracolumbar junction following stimulation of the sciatic nerve (M-SSEP) and the L5 dermatome (D-SSEP). CMAP was recorded at the intrinsic muscles of the foot by electrical stimulation in the lower thoracic spinal cord. Potentials recorded before and after a single nerve root transection were compared and correlated with clinical status by walking-track analysis 1 week later. RESULTS: Relative amplitudes in Group II were 54.1% (M-SSEP), 84.6% (D-SSEP), and 85.5% (CMAP); 25.2% (M-SSEP), 66.5% (D-SSEP), and 85.8% (CMAP) in Group III; and 66.5% (M-SSEP), 95.5% (D-SSEP), and 23.2% (CMAP) in Group IV. M-SSEP is sensitive but not specific to single nerve @entity2 . D-SSEP and CMAP are less sensitive but more specific. CONCLUSIONS: Injury to a single lumbosacral nerve root is diagnosed more easily with M-SSEP. With D-SSEP and CMAP, it was possible to differentiate the lesioned nerve root by stimulating the primary dermatome or recording from the innervated muscle. M-SSEP is an easy-sampling and appropriate tool for screening nerve @entity2 ; its poor specificity may be overcome by using D-SSEP and CMAP in addition. Optimal monitoring of the @entity3 during lumbar spinal surgery requires the administration of M-SSEP, D-SSEP, and CMAP to provide independent verification of lumbosacral nerve root integrity and to allow detection of the occasional injuries that selectively affect either the sensory or motor system.

title: The effects from lumbar nerve root transection in XXXX on spinal somatosensory and motor-evoked potentials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 , a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug widely prescribed in Japan, is reported to be a cause of @entity4 . However, to date, the clinical course of the @entity1 associated with the use of @entity6 has not been described in detail. METHODS: We analyzed renal biopsy findings from 10 @entity0 with @entity3 and concomitant @entity6 -induced @entity1 . Each @entity0 was followed up until @entity4 had resolved. RESULTS: @entity4 appeared 2-11 months after the initiation of the treatment with @entity6 . Nine @entity0 , who stopped @entity6 treatment immediately (within 3 months) after the onset of @entity4 , were diagnosed as having stage I @entity1 . Only one @entity0 , who used @entity6 for 9.5 months after the onset of @entity4 , was diagnosed as having @entity5 . In all @entity0 with stage I @entity1 , the @entity4 disappeared within 7 months after they stopped @entity6 treatment. On the other hand, in the @entity0 with @entity5 , the @entity4 persisted for 14 months after the use of @entity6 was stopped. In all the @entity0 , the @entity4 resolved completely without @entity2 . None of the @entity0 has experienced recurrence of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity4 induced by treatment with @entity6 , @entity1 is the most common disorder. Immediate withdrawal of @entity6 results in prompt and complete resolution of @entity4 without @entity2 . @entity6 , a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug widely prescribed in Japan, is reported to be a cause of @entity4 . However, to date, the clinical course of the @entity1 associated with the use of @entity6 has not been described in detail.

title: Clinical course of @entity6 -induced XXXX in @entity0 with @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 , a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug widely prescribed in Japan, is reported to be a cause of @entity4 . However, to date, the clinical course of the @entity1 associated with the use of @entity6 has not been described in detail. METHODS: We analyzed renal biopsy findings from 10 @entity0 with @entity3 and concomitant @entity6 -induced @entity1 . Each @entity0 was followed up until @entity4 had resolved. RESULTS: @entity4 appeared 2-11 months after the initiation of the treatment with @entity6 . Nine @entity0 , who stopped @entity6 treatment immediately (within 3 months) after the onset of @entity4 , were diagnosed as having stage I @entity1 . Only one @entity0 , who used @entity6 for 9.5 months after the onset of @entity4 , was diagnosed as having @entity5 . In all @entity0 with stage I @entity1 , the @entity4 disappeared within 7 months after they stopped @entity6 treatment. On the other hand, in the @entity0 with @entity5 , the @entity4 persisted for 14 months after the use of @entity6 was stopped. In all the @entity0 , the @entity4 resolved completely without @entity2 . None of the @entity0 has experienced recurrence of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity4 induced by treatment with @entity6 , @entity1 is the most common disorder. Immediate withdrawal of @entity6 results in prompt and complete resolution of @entity4 without @entity2 . @entity6 , a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug widely prescribed in Japan, is reported to be a cause of @entity4 . However, to date, the clinical course of the @entity1 associated with the use of @entity6 has not been described in detail.

title: Clinical course of @entity6 -induced @entity1 in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 , a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug widely prescribed in Japan, is reported to be a cause of @entity4 . However, to date, the clinical course of the @entity1 associated with the use of @entity6 has not been described in detail. METHODS: We analyzed renal biopsy findings from 10 @entity0 with @entity3 and concomitant @entity6 -induced @entity1 . Each @entity0 was followed up until @entity4 had resolved. RESULTS: @entity4 appeared 2-11 months after the initiation of the treatment with @entity6 . Nine @entity0 , who stopped @entity6 treatment immediately (within 3 months) after the onset of @entity4 , were diagnosed as having stage I @entity1 . Only one @entity0 , who used @entity6 for 9.5 months after the onset of @entity4 , was diagnosed as having @entity5 . In all @entity0 with stage I @entity1 , the @entity4 disappeared within 7 months after they stopped @entity6 treatment. On the other hand, in the @entity0 with @entity5 , the @entity4 persisted for 14 months after the use of @entity6 was stopped. In all the @entity0 , the @entity4 resolved completely without @entity2 . None of the @entity0 has experienced recurrence of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity4 induced by treatment with @entity6 , @entity1 is the most common disorder. Immediate withdrawal of @entity6 results in prompt and complete resolution of @entity4 without @entity2 . @entity6 , a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug widely prescribed in Japan, is reported to be a cause of @entity4 . However, to date, the clinical course of the @entity1 associated with the use of @entity6 has not been described in detail.

title: Clinical course of XXXX -induced @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 , a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug widely prescribed in Japan, is reported to be a cause of @entity4 . However, to date, the clinical course of the @entity1 associated with the use of @entity6 has not been described in detail. METHODS: We analyzed renal biopsy findings from 10 @entity0 with @entity3 and concomitant @entity6 -induced @entity1 . Each @entity0 was followed up until @entity4 had resolved. RESULTS: @entity4 appeared 2-11 months after the initiation of the treatment with @entity6 . Nine @entity0 , who stopped @entity6 treatment immediately (within 3 months) after the onset of @entity4 , were diagnosed as having stage I @entity1 . Only one @entity0 , who used @entity6 for 9.5 months after the onset of @entity4 , was diagnosed as having @entity5 . In all @entity0 with stage I @entity1 , the @entity4 disappeared within 7 months after they stopped @entity6 treatment. On the other hand, in the @entity0 with @entity5 , the @entity4 persisted for 14 months after the use of @entity6 was stopped. In all the @entity0 , the @entity4 resolved completely without @entity2 . None of the @entity0 has experienced recurrence of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity4 induced by treatment with @entity6 , @entity1 is the most common disorder. Immediate withdrawal of @entity6 results in prompt and complete resolution of @entity4 without @entity2 . @entity6 , a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug widely prescribed in Japan, is reported to be a cause of @entity4 . However, to date, the clinical course of the @entity1 associated with the use of @entity6 has not been described in detail.

title: Clinical course of @entity6 -induced @entity1 in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Beta adrenoceptor density, measured by radioligand binding techniques, is reportedly much higher in atrial than in ventricular myocardium of @entity0 with @entity1 . In the present study adenylate cyclase activity, both basal and in response to beta adrenergic agonists and @entity4 , in biopsy preparations from these same @entity0 was significantly lower in atrial than in ventricular tissue when stimulated with either @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity3 combined with @entity5 , or @entity4 . @entity5 stimulated and basal adenylate cyclase activity was not significantly different in the two cardiac regions. The ratios of receptor density to @entity3 stimulated and to @entity4 stimulated adenylate cyclase activity were 4-5 times higher in atrial than in ventricular biopsy specimens. Thus ventricular beta receptors, although present in comparatively low concentrations, are coupled to considerably more catalytic moieties of the receptor-adenylate cyclase complex than their atrial counterparts. The reason for this is probably a relative lack of coupling proteins (N components) in atrial tissue. A weak positive correlation between receptor density and @entity3 stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was found in atrial but not in ventricular tissue. This may indicate individual variation in receptor-adenylate cyclase coupling. Furthermore, no correlation was found between atrial and ventricular values for any variable. One reason for this may be the different haemodynamic stresses in the two cardiac chambers.

title: Beta adrenoceptor density and adenylate cyclase response in right atrial and left ventricular myocardium of @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Beta adrenoceptor density, measured by radioligand binding techniques, is reportedly much higher in atrial than in ventricular myocardium of @entity0 with @entity1 . In the present study adenylate cyclase activity, both basal and in response to beta adrenergic agonists and @entity4 , in biopsy preparations from these same @entity0 was significantly lower in atrial than in ventricular tissue when stimulated with either @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity3 combined with @entity5 , or @entity4 . @entity5 stimulated and basal adenylate cyclase activity was not significantly different in the two cardiac regions. The ratios of receptor density to @entity3 stimulated and to @entity4 stimulated adenylate cyclase activity were 4-5 times higher in atrial than in ventricular biopsy specimens. Thus ventricular beta receptors, although present in comparatively low concentrations, are coupled to considerably more catalytic moieties of the receptor-adenylate cyclase complex than their atrial counterparts. The reason for this is probably a relative lack of coupling proteins (N components) in atrial tissue. A weak positive correlation between receptor density and @entity3 stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was found in atrial but not in ventricular tissue. This may indicate individual variation in receptor-adenylate cyclase coupling. Furthermore, no correlation was found between atrial and ventricular values for any variable. One reason for this may be the different haemodynamic stresses in the two cardiac chambers.

title: Beta adrenoceptor density and adenylate cyclase response in right atrial and left ventricular myocardium of XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Podocyte injury may induce podocyte proliferation, which results in @entity1 . The cellular lesion, seen in some @entity0 with primary @entity2 ( @entity2 ), is characterized by proliferation of cells covering the @entity4 or collapsed glomerular tufts. Cell-cycle mechanisms by which podocyte proliferation occurs in the cellular lesion of @entity2 are unclear. METHODS: We examined expression patterns of @entity6 ; cyclin E; @entity7 ; @entity8 ; cyclin-dependent kinase ( @entity12 ; @entity10 ; such CDK inhibitors as @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity11 ( @entity11 ), and @entity9 ( @entity9 ); and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in 12 renal biopsy specimens with the cellular lesion of @entity2 and 6 renal biopsy specimens with no detectable abnormalities by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression patterns of @entity6 , cyclin E, @entity3 , @entity11 , and @entity9 were evaluated further by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: In controls, immunostaining for @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity12 , @entity10 , and @entity3 was almost negligible, but positive signals for @entity6 , cyclin E, @entity11 , and @entity9 were observed in glomerular epithelial cells (GECs). In the cellular lesion of @entity2 , positive signals for cyclin E, @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity12 , and @entity3 were present in GEC nuclei, in which @entity5 , @entity11 , @entity9 , and @entity6 were undetected. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that cyclin E-, @entity12 -, and @entity3 -specific gold particles were increased significantly in GEC nuclei in the cellular lesion in which cyclin D- and @entity9 -specific particles were absent compared with controls. An in situ hybridization study showed specific signals of @entity6 , cyclin E, @entity3 , @entity11 , and @entity9 mRNA in GECs forming the cellular lesion of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that damaged podocytes may inhibit @entity11 and @entity9 protein expression, but activate a @entity6 -independent cell-cycle mechanism and mitotic cell cyclins to promote GEC proliferation in the cellular lesion of @entity2 .

title: Cell-cycle mechanisms involved in podocyte proliferation in cellular lesion of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: All of the known pathways for metabolizing the phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.10) products of @entity10 metabolism eventually lead to @entity14 and products that are hydrolyzed by @entity11 1-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.25). That enzyme is inhibited by @entity4 (Ki about 1 mM). In animals treated with @entity7 , elevations of @entity12 (1-IP) occur in brain that appear to result from endogenous neural activity for they are diminished by the anesthetics @entity5 and @entity9 . @entity4 is thus a useful tool for assessing endogenous in vivo cerebral @entity10 metabolism. The 1-IP elevation is also useful for revealing in vivo central nervous system (CNS) receptor activity that is stimulated by endogenous or exogenous processes such as the effects of centrally acting drugs and of @entity2 . Stimulation of the CNS in the presence of @entity4 causes @entity11 to be sequestered in 1-IP in proportion to the amount of stimulation. Thus if the @entity11 level falls sufficiently resynthesis of the @entity8 may be compromised and receptor response to stimuli may be reduced. Evidence for such an occurrence would support the theory that this is one mechanism by which @entity4 acts in the therapy of @entity13 . We extended our efforts to identify such a lowering of @entity10 levels to @entity0 where cerebral metabolism can be halted more rapidly than in @entity1 . However, the only change detected was a small elevation in @entity3 . We were successful, however, in causing all of the @entity8 to be reduced in @entity1 cerebral cortex by @entity6 stimulation after @entity4 treatment, a procedure that causes @entity2 . The same procedure causes the largest reduction in cortical @entity11 levels that we have observed, and thus may represent the point where the @entity11 decrement is sufficient to interfere with resynthesis of the lipids.

title: Effects of XXXX on @entity10 metabolism in vivo.

answer: @entity4


abstract: All of the known pathways for metabolizing the phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.10) products of @entity10 metabolism eventually lead to @entity14 and products that are hydrolyzed by @entity11 1-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.25). That enzyme is inhibited by @entity4 (Ki about 1 mM). In animals treated with @entity7 , elevations of @entity12 (1-IP) occur in brain that appear to result from endogenous neural activity for they are diminished by the anesthetics @entity5 and @entity9 . @entity4 is thus a useful tool for assessing endogenous in vivo cerebral @entity10 metabolism. The 1-IP elevation is also useful for revealing in vivo central nervous system (CNS) receptor activity that is stimulated by endogenous or exogenous processes such as the effects of centrally acting drugs and of @entity2 . Stimulation of the CNS in the presence of @entity4 causes @entity11 to be sequestered in 1-IP in proportion to the amount of stimulation. Thus if the @entity11 level falls sufficiently resynthesis of the @entity8 may be compromised and receptor response to stimuli may be reduced. Evidence for such an occurrence would support the theory that this is one mechanism by which @entity4 acts in the therapy of @entity13 . We extended our efforts to identify such a lowering of @entity10 levels to @entity0 where cerebral metabolism can be halted more rapidly than in @entity1 . However, the only change detected was a small elevation in @entity3 . We were successful, however, in causing all of the @entity8 to be reduced in @entity1 cerebral cortex by @entity6 stimulation after @entity4 treatment, a procedure that causes @entity2 . The same procedure causes the largest reduction in cortical @entity11 levels that we have observed, and thus may represent the point where the @entity11 decrement is sufficient to interfere with resynthesis of the lipids.

title: Effects of @entity4 on XXXX metabolism in vivo.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Radiation therapy is widely considered the primary treatment for inoperable "non-small" cell @entity1 . In clinical investigations, distinction has been infrequent among the histopathologic subtypes of @entity8 . Studies have shown significant differences between @entity6 and @entity3 ; @entity3 has a greater propensity for extrathoracic dissemination, especially to the brain, and it is less curable by resection when regional lymph node @entity2 are present. No differences have been documented between @entity5 and @entity4 . A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the results of definitive radiation therapy by histopathologic subtype of @entity7 . Between July 1977 and April 1983, 134 @entity0 with @entity7 underwent definitive radiation therapy with curative intent. All @entity0 had performance status scores of 80 to 100 (Karnofsky), and received minimum total doses within the @entity3 of 60 Gy in 6 to 7 weeks, five fractions per week. The median period of observation was 63 months. Ninety @entity0 had @entity6 ; 44 had @entity3 . The two groups of @entity0 were comparable in respect to age and Stage; there were significantly more @entity0 with @entity3 (27%) than with @entity6 (13%). The median survival for @entity0 with @entity6 was 11.5 months; the 2 and 4 year survival rates were 21 and 7%, respectively. The median survival for @entity0 with @entity3 was 18 months; 2 and 4 year survival rates were 38 and 23%, respectively. Comparison of the overall survival experience did not show a significant difference between the two cell types (p = .12 using Gehan's generalized Wilcoxon test). However, comparison of the proportion of @entity0 with @entity3 surviving 18 months (50%) was significantly higher (p = .02) than that with @entity6 (30%). A small body of data from the literature also suggests a better long-term prognosis for @entity3 . This observation requires confirmation from large trials with histopathologic review. If it is confirmed, there are important implications for therapeutic strategies in future clinical investigations of inoperable @entity1 .

title: Is @entity3 the most radiocurable type of XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Radiation therapy is widely considered the primary treatment for inoperable "non-small" cell @entity1 . In clinical investigations, distinction has been infrequent among the histopathologic subtypes of @entity8 . Studies have shown significant differences between @entity6 and @entity3 ; @entity3 has a greater propensity for extrathoracic dissemination, especially to the brain, and it is less curable by resection when regional lymph node @entity2 are present. No differences have been documented between @entity5 and @entity4 . A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the results of definitive radiation therapy by histopathologic subtype of @entity7 . Between July 1977 and April 1983, 134 @entity0 with @entity7 underwent definitive radiation therapy with curative intent. All @entity0 had performance status scores of 80 to 100 (Karnofsky), and received minimum total doses within the @entity3 of 60 Gy in 6 to 7 weeks, five fractions per week. The median period of observation was 63 months. Ninety @entity0 had @entity6 ; 44 had @entity3 . The two groups of @entity0 were comparable in respect to age and Stage; there were significantly more @entity0 with @entity3 (27%) than with @entity6 (13%). The median survival for @entity0 with @entity6 was 11.5 months; the 2 and 4 year survival rates were 21 and 7%, respectively. The median survival for @entity0 with @entity3 was 18 months; 2 and 4 year survival rates were 38 and 23%, respectively. Comparison of the overall survival experience did not show a significant difference between the two cell types (p = .12 using Gehan's generalized Wilcoxon test). However, comparison of the proportion of @entity0 with @entity3 surviving 18 months (50%) was significantly higher (p = .02) than that with @entity6 (30%). A small body of data from the literature also suggests a better long-term prognosis for @entity3 . This observation requires confirmation from large trials with histopathologic review. If it is confirmed, there are important implications for therapeutic strategies in future clinical investigations of inoperable @entity1 .

title: Is XXXX the most radiocurable type of @entity1 ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: In utero exposure of male @entity0 to the antiandrogen @entity10 ( @entity9 ) leads to @entity2 (AGD) on postnatal day (PND) 1, increased areolae retention on PND 13, @entity4 in the male reproductive tract, and histologic testicular lesions including marked @entity3 and a low incidence of Leydig cell (LC) @entity5 on PND 90. One objective of this study was to determine the incidence and persistence of decreased AGD, increased areolae retention, and LC @entity5 in adult @entity0 following in utero @entity9 exposure. A second objective was to determine whether AGD and areolae retention during the early postnatal period are associated with lesions in the male reproductive tract. Pregnant Crl:CD(SD)BR @entity0 were gavaged with @entity7 oil or @entity9 at 100 or 500 mg/kg/day, 10 dams per group. Three replicates of @entity0 (n = 30 @entity0 per replicate) were exposed from gestation day 12 to 21 and the male offspring allowed to mature to 6, 12, or 18 months of age. Gross @entity4 in the male reproductive tract and histologic lesions in the testes were similar to those previously described. However, @entity8 , a lesion of proliferating LCs and aberrant tubules that has not been previously described in @entity9 -exposed testes, was diagnosed. The incidence of this lesion was approximately 20% unilateral and 7-18% bilateral in the high-dose group and was similar among all ages examined, implicating a developmental alteration rather than an age-related change. AGD and areolae retention were found to be permanent changes following in utero exposure to 500 mg/kg/day of @entity9 . Decreased AGD was a sensitive predictor of lesions in the male reproductive tract, relatively small changes in AGD were associated with a significant incidence of @entity6 . In utero @entity9 exposure induced @entity1 , some of which would have been diagnosed as LC @entity5 by the morphological criteria set forth by the Society of Toxicologic Pathology. However, these lesions were dissimilar to traditional LC @entity5 as the LCs were poorly differentiated and the lesions contained aberrant seminiferous tubules. While the morphology and incidence of this @entity9 -induced @entity1 has been fully characterized by this study, the detailed pathogenesis warrants further investigation.

title: Male reproductive tract lesions at 6, 12, and 18 months of age following in utero exposure to XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity1 is a major source of morbidity among @entity0 who have recently delivered a @entity0 . Considering its high prevalence and serious negative consequences, prevention should be a high priority. A comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge of prevention strategies is important for clinical practice and future research. Searches of MEDLINE and PsychINFO were performed to identify English-language articles of randomized, controlled trials published from 1990 to 2003 focusing on primary prevention of @entity1 in both the general and high-risk populations. Nineteen studies meeting these criteria were identified. The main findings and limitations of each study are documented. While the results are mixed, several of the studies provide support for the role of midwife intervention for pregnant and postnatal @entity0 . There are also some data that support the efficacy of brief psychotherapy in primary prevention. Unfortunately, many of the studies suffer from shortcomings that may limit their generalizability. Data is also lacking on biological interventions. Directions for future research are discussed, and general recommendations for prevention of @entity1 in clinical practice are made. The findings of this review indicate that despite the relatively brief history of work in this area, progress is being made in identifying possible prevention interventions.

title: Preventing XXXX : a review of research findings.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: We determine the incidence of @entity6 following outpatient scrotal surgery for the treatment of hydroceles and spermatoceles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of all @entity0 undergoing hydrocelectomy or spermatocelectomy between April 1, 1997 and March 31, 1999 at 1 institution was performed. The hospital and office charts were reviewed, and @entity4 ( @entity5 , persistent @entity1 , @entity7 ) were recorded. The type of preoperative antiseptic preparation ( @entity9 based versus @entity8 ) and the presence or absence of surgical drains were also recorded. RESULTS: A total of 161 @entity0 were included in the study with an average age of 53.7 years. The overall complication rate was 19.2%. @entity5 formation occurred in 9.3% of @entity0 , persistent @entity1 (treatment failure) in 9.3% and @entity7 in 0.6%. There was no significant difference in the complication rate when the preoperative preparations and the presence or absence of surgical drains were compared. CONCLUSIONS: The most common @entity6 following scrotal surgery for hydroceles and spermatoceles are persistent scrotal @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity3 . Further prospective investigation is required to study factors such as the use of drains, preoperative and/or perioperative antibiotics and the type of surgical preparations, which may have a role in complication rates.

title: A population based assessment of XXXX following outpatient hydrocelectomy and spermatocelectomy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of higher dose @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity1 , @entity5 or @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study design was a prospective, 12-week dose titration trial of controlled release @entity8 (OXY-XL). A 7-day washout period was used before initiation of the starting dose of 10 mg OXY-XL. Doses of OXY-XL were increased by 5 mg at weekly intervals to a maximum dose of 30 mg per day guided by @entity0 perception of efficacy versus side effect. Voiding diaries were completed at baseline, and weeks 6 and 12. Post-void residuals were recorded. Criteria for study admission included post-void residual less than 200 ml. RESULTS: Of the 39 @entity0 enrolled in the study 22 had @entity1 , 10 had @entity5 and 7 had @entity2 . There were 29 @entity0 (74%) and 10 @entity0 (26%). Within 1 week a decrease in the number of voids per day was seen in greater than 50% of the subjects. At the end of the study statistically significant decreases in the number of voids in 24 hours, episodes of @entity7 and @entity3 episodes were observed. Residual urine remained unchanged from 33.9 +/- 7.6 ml at baseline to 51.3 +/- 10.4 ml after 12 weeks at the final dose (p = 0.17). No @entity0 experienced serious adverse events and none dropped out during the course of the 12-week study. At the end of the study 20.5% of subjects remained on 30 mg, 15.4% on 25 mg, 23.1% on 20 mg, 15.4% on 15 mg and 25.6% on 10 mg OXY-XL. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive dosing of OXY-XL is safe and effective in @entity0 with @entity4 . Compared with nonneurogenic @entity6 , higher doses of OXY-XL (15 mg daily or greater) were requested by 74.4% of the @entity0 in our study. The onset of clinical efficacy can occur within 1 week, and doses up to 30 mg are well tolerated and effective in this population.

title: Can higher doses of @entity8 improve efficacy in XXXX ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of higher dose @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity1 , @entity5 or @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study design was a prospective, 12-week dose titration trial of controlled release @entity8 (OXY-XL). A 7-day washout period was used before initiation of the starting dose of 10 mg OXY-XL. Doses of OXY-XL were increased by 5 mg at weekly intervals to a maximum dose of 30 mg per day guided by @entity0 perception of efficacy versus side effect. Voiding diaries were completed at baseline, and weeks 6 and 12. Post-void residuals were recorded. Criteria for study admission included post-void residual less than 200 ml. RESULTS: Of the 39 @entity0 enrolled in the study 22 had @entity1 , 10 had @entity5 and 7 had @entity2 . There were 29 @entity0 (74%) and 10 @entity0 (26%). Within 1 week a decrease in the number of voids per day was seen in greater than 50% of the subjects. At the end of the study statistically significant decreases in the number of voids in 24 hours, episodes of @entity7 and @entity3 episodes were observed. Residual urine remained unchanged from 33.9 +/- 7.6 ml at baseline to 51.3 +/- 10.4 ml after 12 weeks at the final dose (p = 0.17). No @entity0 experienced serious adverse events and none dropped out during the course of the 12-week study. At the end of the study 20.5% of subjects remained on 30 mg, 15.4% on 25 mg, 23.1% on 20 mg, 15.4% on 15 mg and 25.6% on 10 mg OXY-XL. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive dosing of OXY-XL is safe and effective in @entity0 with @entity4 . Compared with nonneurogenic @entity6 , higher doses of OXY-XL (15 mg daily or greater) were requested by 74.4% of the @entity0 in our study. The onset of clinical efficacy can occur within 1 week, and doses up to 30 mg are well tolerated and effective in this population.

title: Can higher doses of XXXX improve efficacy in @entity4 ?

answer: @entity8


abstract: Changes in the serum @entity1 kinase (CK) activity and the mechanism of its release after administration of two kinds of beta-blockers to @entity0 were studied in order to determine the mechanism of the increase in serum CK accompanying administration of beta-blockers. When @entity6 or @entity3 was administered at a dose of more than 10 mg/kg of body weight, the serum CK activity was increased in proportion to the dose. Also when an alpha-stimulator or an alpha, beta-stimulator such as @entity2 and @entity4 was administered, the serum CK activity was increased. When the beta-stimulator @entity5 or the alpha 1-blocker prazosin was administered, there was no increase in the serum CK activity. In terms of consecutive administration of a combination of beta-blockers and @entity4 , the serum CK activity was not increased by the second and succeeding administrations. As for the use of @entity4 alone, on the other hand, the serum CK activity after the second administration was equal to that after the first administration. The increase in CK activity after administration of @entity4 as the second treatment following administration of a beta-blocker as the first treatment was approximately the same as that after single administration of @entity4 . From the fact that the serum CK activity in @entity0 was increased by administration of an alpha-stimulator and of a beta-blocker, it is possible that CK release in the blood is due to the action of alpha-receptors rather than beta-receptors. In the case of consecutive administration of a beta-blocker, the serum CK activity was not increased after the second administration. However, the serum CK activity was increased by the administration of an alpha-stimulator. This finding suggests the possibility that CK release is due to the disturbance of the balance between alpha-receptor and beta-receptor. Most of the CK isoenzymes released in the blood after administration of a beta-blocker were of the MM type.

title: Serum XXXX kinase release and alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases play an important role in tissue regeneration, wound healing and @entity1 invasion. Our previous studies have shown a higher motility of HaCaT-ras-transfected cells compared with HaCaT or normal @entity0 keratinocytes (NHK) in correlation with a higher secretion of @entity2 (72 kDa) or @entity3 (92 kDa), according to the medium used for cell cultures. Presently, the expression and activity of MMPs were investigated in two reconstructed skin models, using a dead de-epidermized dermis (DED) or a dermal substitute including living fibroblasts. In all experiments, @entity3 was essentially secreted by NHK and to a greater extent by HaCaT cells. Its active form (86 kDa) was only detected in both reconstructed skin models according to keratinocyte differentiation. @entity2 was mainly secreted by living fibroblasts included in the dermal substitute skin model. In this case, its activation was up-regulated when HaCaT cell lines were seeded onto the dermal substitute according to their culture at air/liquid interface as shown for @entity3 . The collagenase @entity5 and stromelysin-1 ( @entity4 ), susceptible to activate pro- @entity2 and -9, respectively, were detected in their inactive form by ELISA. @entity5 was expressed in both models but @entity4 required the presence of living fibroblasts. Their activities were not detected using specific fluorogenic substrates. In the skin equivalent model using HaCaT, the extensive secretion and activation of @entity2 and @entity3 could explain the defect observed in basal membrane reconstruction, suggesting a direct interaction of HaCaT with fibroblasts.

title: Comparative studies on the secretion and activation of MMPs in two reconstructed XXXX skin models using HaCaT- and HaCaT-ras-transfected cell lines.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To determine the effects of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) on plasma levels of ACTH, @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), synthetic @entity0 alpha-ANP (h alpha-ANP) was infused i.v. into eight normotensive, disease-free volunteers, at a dose and duration previously found to be sufficient to produce apparent cardiovascular and renal effects. The mean basal concentration of plasma ACTH determined by radioimmunoassay was 18.2 +/- 3.1 ng/l. Plasma ACTH concentrations tended to be decreased during the infusion in all subjects. However, the change in plasma ACTH concentrations during infusion of h alpha-ANP was essentially the same as that during the infusion of saline. The mean plasma @entity1 concentration was significantly suppressed from 25 to 40 min after the end of synthetic h alpha-ANP infusion. At 90 min after infusion, the mean plasma level of @entity1 reverted to the pretreatment level. There was a non-significant increase in plasma @entity2 activity following the infusion. The mean plasma @entity3 concentration was reduced by 15% (P less than 0.05) during the infusion and returned to preinfusion levels 10 min after termination of the infusion, after which the mean plasma concentration declined to the level seen during infusion. Administration of h alpha-ANP had no significant influence on plasma @entity4 concentrations, but there was a tendency to decrease during the infusion. Our data suggest that synthetic h alpha-ANP inhibits adrenocortical steroidogenesis in @entity0 .

title: Effect of XXXX alpha-atrial natriuretic polypeptide on adrenocortical function in @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: To determine the effects of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) on plasma levels of ACTH, @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), synthetic @entity0 alpha-ANP (h alpha-ANP) was infused i.v. into eight normotensive, disease-free volunteers, at a dose and duration previously found to be sufficient to produce apparent cardiovascular and renal effects. The mean basal concentration of plasma ACTH determined by radioimmunoassay was 18.2 +/- 3.1 ng/l. Plasma ACTH concentrations tended to be decreased during the infusion in all subjects. However, the change in plasma ACTH concentrations during infusion of h alpha-ANP was essentially the same as that during the infusion of saline. The mean plasma @entity1 concentration was significantly suppressed from 25 to 40 min after the end of synthetic h alpha-ANP infusion. At 90 min after infusion, the mean plasma level of @entity1 reverted to the pretreatment level. There was a non-significant increase in plasma @entity2 activity following the infusion. The mean plasma @entity3 concentration was reduced by 15% (P less than 0.05) during the infusion and returned to preinfusion levels 10 min after termination of the infusion, after which the mean plasma concentration declined to the level seen during infusion. Administration of h alpha-ANP had no significant influence on plasma @entity4 concentrations, but there was a tendency to decrease during the infusion. Our data suggest that synthetic h alpha-ANP inhibits adrenocortical steroidogenesis in @entity0 .

title: Effect of @entity0 alpha-atrial natriuretic polypeptide on adrenocortical function in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The measurement of health, the effects of disease, and the impact of health care include not only an indication of changes in disease frequency and severity but also an estimate of @entity0 ' perception of health status before and after treatment. One of the more important developments in health care in the past decade may be the recognition that the @entity0 's perspective is as legitimate and valid as the clinician's in monitoring health care outcomes. This has lead to the development of instruments to quantify the @entity0 ' perception of their health status before and after treatment. METHODS: We review evidence supporting the measurement properties of the MacNew @entity1 Health-related Quality of Life [MacNew] Questionnaire which was designed to evaluate how daily activities and physical, emotional, and social functioning are affected by @entity2 and its treatment. RESULTS: Reliability was demonstrated by using internal consistency and the intraclass correlation coefficients for the three domains in the Dutch, English, Farsi, German, and Spanish versions of the MacNew. With internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficients =>0.73, reliability is high. Validity of the MacNew was examined with factor analysis and three core underlying factors, physical, emotional, and social, were identified, explaining 63.0 - 66.5% of the observed variance and replicated in the translations with psychometric data. Construct validity of the MacNew was further demonstrated by extensive substantiation of the logical relationships, defined a priori, between items and other comparison tools. The MacNew is responsive and sensitive to changes in HRQL following various interventions for @entity0 with @entity1 with 11 of 13 effect size statistics >0.80. Taking an average of 10 minutes or less to complete, the respondent-burden for the MacNew is low and its acceptability is demonstrated by response rates of over 90%. Normative data are available for @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 in the English version. CONCLUSION: The MacNew may be a valuable tool for assessing and evaluating health related quality of life in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: The MacNew XXXX health-related quality of life instrument: a summary.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In isolated @entity0 hearts perfused at constant coronary flow and heart rate the amount of shortening in their major axis (L), the developed @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and their time derivatives (L and @entity6 ) were measured after different interventions. Relative changes of maximal velocities of contraction (+L, + @entity6 ) and relaxation (-L, - @entity6 ) were assessed by the ratio between both velocities (+L/-L, + @entity6 /- @entity6 ). After the interventions, @entity2 intracellular levels and @entity2 dependent protein kinase activity were measured. The negative inotropic effect of @entity5 (10(-7) M) and @entity4 (5 X 10(-7) M) was accompanied by a relatively greater decrease in maximal velocity of relaxation. Consequently the ratio +L/-L increased. @entity5 increased +L/-L from 1.27 +/- 0.07 to 1.57 +/- 0.08 (P less than 0.001). @entity4 increased +L/-L from 1.25 +/- 0.05 to 1.77 +/- 0.12 (P less than 0.001). Whereas @entity4 increased intracellular @entity2 levels from 0.403 +/- 0.036 pmol/mg wet weight to 0.534 +/- 0.047 (P less than 0.05), @entity5 did not alter them. Neither @entity5 nor @entity4 affected @entity2 protein kinase activity. Increasing @entity1 in the perfusate did not change the ratio +L/-L. A decrease in extracellular @entity1 , on the other hand, produced a greater decrease in -L than in +L, so that the ratio +L/-L increased from 1.27 +/- 0.05 to 1.49 +/- 0.10 (P less than 0.05). No changes were detected in @entity2 levels or its protein kinase activity. Similar results were obtained when + @entity6 /- @entity6 was analyzed. To offset the negative inotropic effect caused by @entity3 antagonists, either increased extracellular @entity1 or @entity7 can be used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The link between myocardial contraction and relaxation: the effects of XXXX antagonists.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study was conducted to compare the influence of endothelium on mechanical responses of @entity0 intrapulmonary artery and vein to @entity1 ( @entity2 ) and @entity4 and to determine if a relationship exists between the responses and @entity8 ( @entity7 ) accumulation. @entity2 and @entity4 induced relaxation in artery and @entity4 induced relaxation in vein. The relaxant responses in both vessels were abolished by rubbing the intimal surfaces, indicating that the relaxant responses depended upon the presence of a functionally intact endothelium. @entity7 accumulation was temporally associated with both @entity2 - and @entity4 -induced endothelium-dependent relaxation. Both the relaxant responses and the accompanying @entity7 accumulations were abolished or reduced markedly by intimal rubbing or pretreatment with @entity6 . @entity5 abolished relaxation and @entity7 accumulation induced by @entity2 in artery, but not relaxation and @entity7 accumulation induced by @entity4 . Whereas @entity3 did not affect either @entity2 - or @entity4 -induced relaxation in artery, it slightly, but significantly, reduced @entity4 -induced relaxation in vein. In contrast to its effect in artery, @entity2 only induced contractile responses in vein and did not alter @entity7 levels, whether or not functional venous endothelium was present. However, @entity2 did relax veins when arterial endothelium was present in crossover experiments using a modified sandwich technique. At concentrations which induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in artery, @entity2 similarly induced no, or only minimal, contraction in both artery and vein in which endothelium was functionally destroyed. These findings demonstrate that @entity0 intrapulmonary artery and vein exhibit endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to @entity4 , and similar to @entity2 -induced relaxation in the artery, @entity4 -induced relaxation is associated closely with accumulation of @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of endothelium-dependent relaxation in XXXX intrapulmonary artery and vein by @entity1 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study was conducted to compare the influence of endothelium on mechanical responses of @entity0 intrapulmonary artery and vein to @entity1 ( @entity2 ) and @entity4 and to determine if a relationship exists between the responses and @entity8 ( @entity7 ) accumulation. @entity2 and @entity4 induced relaxation in artery and @entity4 induced relaxation in vein. The relaxant responses in both vessels were abolished by rubbing the intimal surfaces, indicating that the relaxant responses depended upon the presence of a functionally intact endothelium. @entity7 accumulation was temporally associated with both @entity2 - and @entity4 -induced endothelium-dependent relaxation. Both the relaxant responses and the accompanying @entity7 accumulations were abolished or reduced markedly by intimal rubbing or pretreatment with @entity6 . @entity5 abolished relaxation and @entity7 accumulation induced by @entity2 in artery, but not relaxation and @entity7 accumulation induced by @entity4 . Whereas @entity3 did not affect either @entity2 - or @entity4 -induced relaxation in artery, it slightly, but significantly, reduced @entity4 -induced relaxation in vein. In contrast to its effect in artery, @entity2 only induced contractile responses in vein and did not alter @entity7 levels, whether or not functional venous endothelium was present. However, @entity2 did relax veins when arterial endothelium was present in crossover experiments using a modified sandwich technique. At concentrations which induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in artery, @entity2 similarly induced no, or only minimal, contraction in both artery and vein in which endothelium was functionally destroyed. These findings demonstrate that @entity0 intrapulmonary artery and vein exhibit endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to @entity4 , and similar to @entity2 -induced relaxation in the artery, @entity4 -induced relaxation is associated closely with accumulation of @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of endothelium-dependent relaxation in @entity0 intrapulmonary artery and vein by XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study was conducted to compare the influence of endothelium on mechanical responses of @entity0 intrapulmonary artery and vein to @entity1 ( @entity2 ) and @entity4 and to determine if a relationship exists between the responses and @entity8 ( @entity7 ) accumulation. @entity2 and @entity4 induced relaxation in artery and @entity4 induced relaxation in vein. The relaxant responses in both vessels were abolished by rubbing the intimal surfaces, indicating that the relaxant responses depended upon the presence of a functionally intact endothelium. @entity7 accumulation was temporally associated with both @entity2 - and @entity4 -induced endothelium-dependent relaxation. Both the relaxant responses and the accompanying @entity7 accumulations were abolished or reduced markedly by intimal rubbing or pretreatment with @entity6 . @entity5 abolished relaxation and @entity7 accumulation induced by @entity2 in artery, but not relaxation and @entity7 accumulation induced by @entity4 . Whereas @entity3 did not affect either @entity2 - or @entity4 -induced relaxation in artery, it slightly, but significantly, reduced @entity4 -induced relaxation in vein. In contrast to its effect in artery, @entity2 only induced contractile responses in vein and did not alter @entity7 levels, whether or not functional venous endothelium was present. However, @entity2 did relax veins when arterial endothelium was present in crossover experiments using a modified sandwich technique. At concentrations which induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in artery, @entity2 similarly induced no, or only minimal, contraction in both artery and vein in which endothelium was functionally destroyed. These findings demonstrate that @entity0 intrapulmonary artery and vein exhibit endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to @entity4 , and similar to @entity2 -induced relaxation in the artery, @entity4 -induced relaxation is associated closely with accumulation of @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of endothelium-dependent relaxation in @entity0 intrapulmonary artery and vein by @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: This special report discusses the impact of globalization, patterns of migration in Southeast Asia, gender issues in migration, the links between migration and @entity2 / @entity3 , and spatial mobility and social networks. Migrants are particularly marginalized in countries that blame migrants for transmission of @entity1 and other social ills. Effective control of @entity2 / @entity3 among migrant and native populations requires a multisectoral approach. Programs should critically review the privatization of health care services and challenge economic models that polarize the rich and the poor, @entity0 and @entity0 , North and South, and migrant and native. Programs should recognize the equality between locals and migrants in receipt of health services. Countermeasures should have input from migrants in order to reduce the conditions that increase vulnerability to @entity2 / @entity3 . Gender-oriented research is needed to understand @entity0 's role in migration. Rapid assessment has obscured the @entity0 dimension of migrants' vulnerability to @entity2 . Condom promotion is not enough. Migration is a major consequence of globalization, which holds the promise, real or imagined, of prosperity for all. Mass migration can be fueled by explosive regional developments. In Southeast Asia, migration has been part of the process of economic development. The potential to emigrate increases with greater per capita income. " @entity4 " economies have been labor importers. Safe sex is not practiced in many Asian countries because risk is not taken seriously. Migrants tend to be used as economic tools, without consideration of social adjustment and sex behavior among singles.

title: Vulnerable to @entity2 / XXXX . Migration.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This special report discusses the impact of globalization, patterns of migration in Southeast Asia, gender issues in migration, the links between migration and @entity2 / @entity3 , and spatial mobility and social networks. Migrants are particularly marginalized in countries that blame migrants for transmission of @entity1 and other social ills. Effective control of @entity2 / @entity3 among migrant and native populations requires a multisectoral approach. Programs should critically review the privatization of health care services and challenge economic models that polarize the rich and the poor, @entity0 and @entity0 , North and South, and migrant and native. Programs should recognize the equality between locals and migrants in receipt of health services. Countermeasures should have input from migrants in order to reduce the conditions that increase vulnerability to @entity2 / @entity3 . Gender-oriented research is needed to understand @entity0 's role in migration. Rapid assessment has obscured the @entity0 dimension of migrants' vulnerability to @entity2 . Condom promotion is not enough. Migration is a major consequence of globalization, which holds the promise, real or imagined, of prosperity for all. Mass migration can be fueled by explosive regional developments. In Southeast Asia, migration has been part of the process of economic development. The potential to emigrate increases with greater per capita income. " @entity4 " economies have been labor importers. Safe sex is not practiced in many Asian countries because risk is not taken seriously. Migrants tend to be used as economic tools, without consideration of social adjustment and sex behavior among singles.

title: Vulnerable to XXXX / @entity3 . Migration.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on the function of the @entity0 corpus luteum during the estrous cycle. In Experiment 1, 10 beef heifers were assigned randomly into two groups; each heifer served as her own control. Heifers in Group I (n = 5) were injected i.v. with vehicle (saline) on Day 2 of the cycle (Day 0 = day of estrus) followed by an i.v. injection of 100 micrograms @entity1 on Day 2 of the subsequent estrous cycle. Group II (n = 5) heifers were treated similarly except injections were given on Day 10 of the estrous cycle. All heifers were bled via the jugular vein at 15 min intervals beginning 30 min prior to injection and for 3 h after injection. Blood samples were also taken on alternate days after injection through Day 16 of the cycle. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone caused a significant release of luteinizing hormone (LH) on both treatment days with the peak occurring at 15 to 30 min postinjection. Treatment with @entity1 on either Day 2 or 10 caused a reduction in serum @entity2 levels on Days 12, 14 and 16 of the cycle (Group I, control 3.99, 3.97; 4.07 vs. treated 2.63, 3.45, 2.87; Group II, control 3.18, 3.82, 4.13 vs. treated 2.50, 2.82, 3.17 ng/ml, respectively; common SE = 0.24 p less than 0.03). Length of the estrous cycle did not differ between groups (Group I, control 20.7 vs. treated 20.9; Group II, control 20.7 vs. treated 21.1 days, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced alteration of XXXX corpus luteum function.

answer: @entity0


abstract: As recently as April 1998, @entity0 at a seminar had great difficulty obtaining a copy of Nigeria's policy on @entity2 . By October, five years after the government approved its first draft, the National Policy was released to the press in a "surreptitious" manner during an annual summit of the National Council of Health. Journalists examining the 20-page document realized that it had been signed by a former Minister of Health in December 1997. This delay directly countered the recommendation of the body of experts who contributed to the draft policy that it be quickly adopted. The delay, caused by lack of political will and instability within the relevant government programs, occurred at a time when 1400 @entity0 were becoming infected with @entity1 in Nigeria every day. @entity2 activists describe the policy that was finally released as a watered-down version of the draft submitted in 1993. The policy does, however, outlaw commercial blood donations and make it an offense to transfuse unscreened blood. The policy also calls for integrating @entity1 / @entity2 and @entity3 information in schools and encourages the local manufacture of condoms as well as the distribution of condoms and educational materials. In addition, the policy bans compulsory @entity1 testing except for nationals of countries that require the testing of Nigerians for any reason. @entity1 test results are to be kept confidential, and @entity0 are to receive counseling. The policy does not offer details about how these provisions will be funded.

title: New XXXX policy in Nigeria raises the stakes -- but optimism remains scarce.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We report an unusual @entity7 involution of @entity9 . CASE REPORT: A newborn @entity0 presented with 5 papular, nodular and @entity1 located on the upper part of the body. The diameter of the lesions ranged between 1 and 3 cm. Light microscopy showed an infiltrate with foamy and Touton cells. Langerhans' cell histiocytosis was eliminated because none of these cells showed reactivity for @entity5 protein and @entity8 . At the age of 8 years, all the lesions had spontaneously regressed leaving unusual @entity6 that had the same size as the active lesions. DISCUSSION: We compared the clinical, histological and evolution data of our @entity0 with 251 published cases. The most significant clinical feature of @entity9 is the spontaneous involution without any trace. However, @entity4 , @entity10 or @entity2 may occur. Atrophy is not frequent and can result from 2 mechanisms. Inflammation of the hypodermic tissue, which becomes @entity7 and @entity2 that may also result from @entity3 during the scarring process.

title: [Atrophic involution of XXXX ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity1 in the development of @entity5 and its complications has been recently documented. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are among many postulated factors. It is possible that the imbalance between protective cytokines and cytokines affecting endothelial function is one of the underlying mechanisms of @entity3 . AIM: To examine the effects of @entity8 on @entity7 and @entity4 levels in @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: The study group consisted of 64 males (age 20-65 years) with @entity6 . The control group was composed of 10 healthy male volunteers (age 25-40 years) with normal lipid profile. Total @entity2 , LDL- @entity2 , @entity7 and @entity4 were measured in both groups at baseline, after three months of dietary treatment, and after a further three months of @entity8 therapy. RESULTS: @entity8 caused a significant decrease in the total and LDL- @entity2 levels compared both with baseline measurements (p=0.0001) and after dietary treatment (p=0.0001). Moreover, @entity8 significantly reduced the @entity7 plasma concentration (p=0.0003). There were no significant differences between @entity7 levels before and following dietary treatment. The @entity4 serum concentration significantly decreased following the implementation of diet (p=0.0001). Subsequent @entity8 therapy caused further decrease in the @entity4 serum concentration but this difference did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: A hypolipemic diet significantly decreases @entity4 serum concentration without affecting the @entity7 level. The subsequent @entity8 therapy significantly reduces @entity7 but not @entity4 when compared with the post-diet values.

title: Effects of @entity8 on pro-inflammatory cytokines in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity1 in the development of @entity5 and its complications has been recently documented. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are among many postulated factors. It is possible that the imbalance between protective cytokines and cytokines affecting endothelial function is one of the underlying mechanisms of @entity3 . AIM: To examine the effects of @entity8 on @entity7 and @entity4 levels in @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: The study group consisted of 64 males (age 20-65 years) with @entity6 . The control group was composed of 10 healthy male volunteers (age 25-40 years) with normal lipid profile. Total @entity2 , LDL- @entity2 , @entity7 and @entity4 were measured in both groups at baseline, after three months of dietary treatment, and after a further three months of @entity8 therapy. RESULTS: @entity8 caused a significant decrease in the total and LDL- @entity2 levels compared both with baseline measurements (p=0.0001) and after dietary treatment (p=0.0001). Moreover, @entity8 significantly reduced the @entity7 plasma concentration (p=0.0003). There were no significant differences between @entity7 levels before and following dietary treatment. The @entity4 serum concentration significantly decreased following the implementation of diet (p=0.0001). Subsequent @entity8 therapy caused further decrease in the @entity4 serum concentration but this difference did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: A hypolipemic diet significantly decreases @entity4 serum concentration without affecting the @entity7 level. The subsequent @entity8 therapy significantly reduces @entity7 but not @entity4 when compared with the post-diet values.

title: Effects of XXXX on pro-inflammatory cytokines in @entity0 with @entity6 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity1 in the development of @entity5 and its complications has been recently documented. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are among many postulated factors. It is possible that the imbalance between protective cytokines and cytokines affecting endothelial function is one of the underlying mechanisms of @entity3 . AIM: To examine the effects of @entity8 on @entity7 and @entity4 levels in @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: The study group consisted of 64 males (age 20-65 years) with @entity6 . The control group was composed of 10 healthy male volunteers (age 25-40 years) with normal lipid profile. Total @entity2 , LDL- @entity2 , @entity7 and @entity4 were measured in both groups at baseline, after three months of dietary treatment, and after a further three months of @entity8 therapy. RESULTS: @entity8 caused a significant decrease in the total and LDL- @entity2 levels compared both with baseline measurements (p=0.0001) and after dietary treatment (p=0.0001). Moreover, @entity8 significantly reduced the @entity7 plasma concentration (p=0.0003). There were no significant differences between @entity7 levels before and following dietary treatment. The @entity4 serum concentration significantly decreased following the implementation of diet (p=0.0001). Subsequent @entity8 therapy caused further decrease in the @entity4 serum concentration but this difference did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: A hypolipemic diet significantly decreases @entity4 serum concentration without affecting the @entity7 level. The subsequent @entity8 therapy significantly reduces @entity7 but not @entity4 when compared with the post-diet values.

title: Effects of @entity8 on pro-inflammatory cytokines in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Therapy of @entity2 is stage dependent. The role of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS FNA) in this setting is unclear. The aims of this study were to compare the performance characteristics of CT, EUS, and EUS FNA for preoperative nodal staging of @entity2 and to measure the impact of each staging test on treatment decisions. METHODS: From December 1999 to March 2001, all @entity0 with @entity2 seen at the Mayo Clinic Rochester were prospectively evaluated with CT, EUS, and EUS FNA. The impact of @entity1 stage on final therapy was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 125 @entity0 with @entity2 were enrolled. EUS FNA was more sensitive (83% vs. 29%; P < 0.001) than CT and more accurate than CT (87% vs. 51%; P < 0.001) or EUS (87% vs. 74%; P = 0.012) for nodal staging. Direct surgical resection was contraindicated in 77% of @entity0 evaluated due to advanced locoregional/metastatic disease. @entity1 location, @entity0 age, comorbidities, and @entity1 stage determined by CT, EUS, and EUS FNA were associated with treatment decisions (P < 0.05). EUS FNA resulting in a higher/worse stage than CT (41 @entity0 ) was associated with a greater rate of treatments that were not direct surgeries compared with cases in which the stage was the same or better. CONCLUSIONS: EUS FNA is more accurate for nodal staging and impacts on therapy of @entity0 with @entity2 . EUS FNA should be included in the preoperative staging algorithm of these @entity0 .

title: Impact of lymph node staging on therapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PROBLEM: Beneficial effects of multiparity status have been previously reported by different authors. However, this fact has not been fully explained. Taking into consideration the influence of the parity status on the in vitro asymmetric/protective antibodies and the fact that @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is involved in the production and immune-regulatory functions of placental macrophages, the aim of this work was to compare the placental @entity1 production and tissue macrophage presence in @entity0 with different age and parity status. METHOD OF STUDY: Three groups of @entity0 (CBA/J x CBA/J) were analyzed: primiparous young (PY: 3.0 +/- 0.5 months old), primiparous old (PO: 8.5 +/- 0.5 months old), and multiparous old (MO: 8.5 +/- 0.5 months old, with three to four previous pregnancies). Macrophage and @entity1 were identified in placental tissue by immunohistochemistry employing anti- @entity2 or anti- @entity1 antibodies. @entity1 secretion was analyzed in the placental culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The results obtained indicate that, despite the level of macrophages observed in the PO placentae was higher than in PY ones, their expression in MO placentae was very much increased, appearing like a thick layer between decidua and trophoblast. However, no significant difference was found among the groups in the tissue expression of @entity1 and in @entity1 secreted in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that parity status influences the number of local macrophages and might provide evidence that could explain the known beneficial effect of multipaternity. We suggest that the number of previous pregnancies favor the production of a 'protective' population of macrophages.

title: Analysis of macrophage presence in XXXX placenta: influence of age and parity status.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the graft-vs- @entity3 effect of allogeneic stem cell transplantation after a nonablative conditioning regimen as treatment for @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 were eligible to treatment if they were refractory or recurred after a prior response to @entity4 . Seventeen @entity0 were treated. All @entity0 received a preparative regimen of @entity4 (30 mg/m(2) daily for 3 days) and intravenous @entity1 (750 mg/m(2) daily for 3 days). Ten @entity0 received rituximab in addition to chemotherapy. The median time from diagnosis to transplant was 67 months. Nine of 17 @entity0 had refractory disease. RESULTS: All @entity0 had engraftment of donor cells. Eleven (65%) did not require platelet transfusions. Ten @entity0 with persistent disease underwent immunomanipulation to augment GVL effects including immunosuppression withdrawal and donor lymphocyte infusion with or without rituximab treatment. Seven of these 10 @entity0 had a complete response and 2 had a partial response; 8 of these 9 responders had received rituximab with their immunomanipulation process. The final response was complete remission in 12 and partial remission in 4 @entity0 for an overall response rate of 94%. Overall survival was 100% for @entity0 who received the combined chemo-rituximab conditioning regimen, vs 14% for those who received chemotherapy alone (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that a pronounced GVL effect occurs after nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation for advanced @entity2 . This activity might be facilitated by rituximab. Prospective controlled trials are needed to define the role of nonablative allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation for treatment of this disease.

title: Nonablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation for XXXX : impact of rituximab on immunomodulation and survival.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have recently cloned and characterized a novel gene family named ancient conserved domain protein (ACDP) in @entity0 . To facilitate the functional study of this novel gene family, we have cloned and characterized Acdp, the @entity1 homologue of the @entity0 ACDP gene family. RESULTS: The four Acdp genes ( @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity9 and @entity10 ) contain 3,631 bp, 3,244 bp, 2,684 bp and 2,743 bp of cDNA sequences, and encode deduced proteins of 951, 874, 713 and 771 @entity4 , respectively. The @entity1 Acdp genes showed very strong homologies (>90%) in both @entity2 and @entity3 sequences to their @entity0 counterparts. In addition, both @entity2 and @entity3 sequences within the Ancient Conserved Domain (ACD) are highly conserved in many different taxonomic species. Particularly, Acdp proteins showed very strong AA homologies to the bacteria CorC protein (35% AA identity with 55% homology), which is involved in @entity5 and @entity6 efflux. The Acdp genes are widely expressed in all tissues tested except for @entity8 , which is only highly expressed in the brain with low levels of expression in kidney and testis. Immunostaining of @entity8 in hippocampus neurons revealed a predominant localization on the plasma membrane. CONCLUSION: The Acdp genes are evolutionarily conserved in diverse species and ubiquitously expressed throughout development and adult tissues suggesting that Acdp may be an essential gene. Acdp showed strong homology to bacteria CorC protein and predominantly localized on the plasma membrane. These results suggest that Acdp is probably a family of proteins involved in ion transport in @entity0 cells

title: Molecular cloning and characterization of the XXXX Acdp gene family.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The fissures of Santorini have long been known as a gateway for disease to pass from the external auditory canal to the periparotid and neck spaces. Although anatomically understandable, description of disease that originates in the parotid gland and extends through the fissures to the external auditory canal is rare. This is, in fact,the first presentation of such a @entity0 at our institution in a previously untreated @entity0 . METHODS: A 43-year-old @entity0 was seen with a mass in her right external auditory canal. Further evaluation found this to be the presenting finding of a @entity4 . The @entity0 also had a right marginal mandibular paresis. Biopsy of the external auditory canal mass provided a diagnosis of an acinic cell @entity1 . She underwent a right lateral temporal bone resection, type III modified neck dissection, and radical parotidectomy with @entity2 and rectus abdominus reconstruction with facial nerve grafting. RESULTS: Pathologic examination of the specimen revealed an @entity3 of the right parotid gland with focal dedifferentiation into a high-grade @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Care should be taken with auditory canal masses to remember the possibility that disease is extending from the parotid through the fissures of Santorini, and evaluation and management should proceed accordingly.

title: XXXX of the parotid gland presenting as an external auditory canal mass.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Pharmacological induction of angiogenesis is a new treatment of @entity2 without surgical treatment. It is an urgent task to investigate the dynamic process of angiogenesis and of the microvascular perfusion of the cerebral neoplastic tissue in vivo. The present study is concerned with microcirculatory aspects of @entity4 in vivo. A novel model of cerebral angiogenesis was developed by inducing @entity4 in @entity0 using growth factors such as @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). By a direct observation of the neocapillary microcirculation under a fluorescence videomicroscope, the neocapillary density, diameter and red cell velocity were measured to evaluate the development and remodeling of the neocapillaries with the number of days after incubation. The neocapillary response to topically applied @entity1 ( @entity3 ) was examined by measuring changes in the diameter and red cell velocity. It was shown that PDGF-induced neocapillaries was dilated in response to ACh on day 28 after incubation, while @entity5 -induced neocapillaries was not. Furthermore, the neocapillary pericytes were observed using confocal laser microscopy, based on the fluorescence immunohistochemical images of the neoplastic tissue. Several pericytes, stained with anti-NG_2, appeared in the neocapillaries. It was suggested that these pericytes might be recruited in the neocapillaries to regulate blood flow without vascular smooth muscle.

title: XXXX induced by growth factors: intravital microscopic studies using models.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is investigating a complaint that the Ramses Extra spermicidal condom may have caused severe @entity1 in a user. The condom, which received marketing approval from FDA in 1982, contains the spermicidal lubricant @entity3 -9, which reduces the number of active sperm and consequently decreases the risk of pregnancy. Lee Mathews of the FDA's office of compliance is investigating the complaint, filed in August 1983. The @entity0 experienced "excruciating @entity1 " on urination after using the spermicidal condom, according to FDA documents. The @entity0 indicated in the complaint that the @entity1 possibly resulted from the condom's spermicide entering her husband's urethra. The @entity1 subsided after several hours. She reported that her husband had never used the spermicidal condom before and had no known @entity2 or sensitivities. A spokeswoman for the manufacturer, Schmid Products, Company, reported after investigating the complaint that the company saw "no reason to believe that there was a batch problem or a problem with that particular condom." Company records revealed no other complaints with that batch. No other samples were available for testing from the @entity0 filing the complaint, but "the fact that the wife did not have a problem also indicates there wasn't anything particularly wrong with that condom." Company officials did not interview the @entity0 who used the condom in question, but they did reply to him in writing and have heard nothing more from the couple. The Schmid spokeswoman indicated that there have been isolated instances of sensitivity to this product. A key factor behind FDA approval of the spermicidal condom was a study completed for Schmid by Dr. Edwin Dale. Dale's study involved 30 @entity0 , 19-46, who used both regular condoms and condoms treated with @entity3 -9. He concluded that decreased sperm motility with the treated condoms was caused by cell fragmentation due to cell membrane disruption.

title: FDA investigates complaint of XXXX in spermicidal condom user.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A prospective observational study was done to derive performance characteristics for the Glasgow @entity2 Prognostic Score (GMSPS) and compare it with nine other severity scores (Stokland, Stiehm and Damrosch, Ansari, Niklasson, Leclerc, Kahn and Blum, Lewis, Istanbul and Bjark) and laboratory markers of disease severity. In the paediatric departments of six hospitals in Merseyside, UK, 278 @entity0 with confirmed or probable @entity2 were admitted between November 1988 and August 1990 ( n=152) and between September 1992 and April 1994 ( n=126); 26 of whom died. GMSPS was recorded on admission and again if there was clinical deterioration. Laboratory markers of disease severity (including endotoxin and cytokine levels) were measured on admission. The nine other scores were recorded on the first cohort. "Maximum" GMSPS (before referral to the paediatric intensive care unit) was achieved within 12 h of arrival in 97% of @entity0 . A GMSPS > or =8 had sensitivity 100%, specificity 75% and positive predictive value for death of 29%, GMSPS > or =10 had 100%, 88% and 46% respectively. All 26 who died scored >10, before referral to the paediatric intensive care unit. GMSPSs calculated by other medical staff had similar characteristics to those calculated by research fellows. All scores correlated significantly with white cell count, @entity1 , endotoxin and cytokine levels. However, the predominantly clinical scores were the most robust. GMSPS had amongst the best performance characteristics of all scores and was more sensitive than laboratory markers. CONCLUSION: the Glasgow @entity2 Prognostic Score is an easily performed, repeatable, clinical score that can rapidly identify @entity0 with @entity2 . When performed prospectively, a score > or =8 had a positive predictive value for death of 29%. This score can identify those @entity0 who should be offered intensive care and can select those who may benefit from novel therapies.

title: Prospective validation of the Glasgow XXXX Prognostic Score. Comparison with other scoring methods.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 68-year-old male @entity0 presented with unspecific decline of general health, @entity2 in the liver discovered by ultrasound examination and a focus suggestive of @entity2 on chest x-ray. He was hospitalised because of suspected metastatic @entity1 . Laboratory analysis revealed a distinct elevation of serum @entity5 ( @entity5 , 26,1 micro g/l). A CT scan of the abdomen confirmed the presence of multiple @entity2 foci in both @entity3 , while the lung, however, was found to be free of @entity2 on CT-examination. Bronchoscopy, gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy were unremarkable. Subsequently, an ultrasound guided fine-needle biopsy of the liver was performed. Histological examination disclosed @entity6 with unusual, though unequivocal expression of @entity5 in @entity2 cells. As even follow-up examinations were unable to trace out any extrahepatic @entity2 , the @entity6 was concluded to be of hepatic origin. The @entity0 succumbed to his disease 6 months later, an autopsy was not performed. This case report of a @entity5 -producing primary @entity4 clearly outlines that a histological confirmation of an allegedly clear clinical diagnosis should always be performed because malignant @entity2 are capable of (co-)expressing so called @entity2 markers independently of their histogenesis.

title: [ XXXX with unusual expression of @entity5 ( @entity5 )].

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 68-year-old male @entity0 presented with unspecific decline of general health, @entity2 in the liver discovered by ultrasound examination and a focus suggestive of @entity2 on chest x-ray. He was hospitalised because of suspected metastatic @entity1 . Laboratory analysis revealed a distinct elevation of serum @entity5 ( @entity5 , 26,1 micro g/l). A CT scan of the abdomen confirmed the presence of multiple @entity2 foci in both @entity3 , while the lung, however, was found to be free of @entity2 on CT-examination. Bronchoscopy, gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy were unremarkable. Subsequently, an ultrasound guided fine-needle biopsy of the liver was performed. Histological examination disclosed @entity6 with unusual, though unequivocal expression of @entity5 in @entity2 cells. As even follow-up examinations were unable to trace out any extrahepatic @entity2 , the @entity6 was concluded to be of hepatic origin. The @entity0 succumbed to his disease 6 months later, an autopsy was not performed. This case report of a @entity5 -producing primary @entity4 clearly outlines that a histological confirmation of an allegedly clear clinical diagnosis should always be performed because malignant @entity2 are capable of (co-)expressing so called @entity2 markers independently of their histogenesis.

title: [ @entity4 with unusual expression of XXXX ( @entity5 )].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A 68-year-old male @entity0 presented with unspecific decline of general health, @entity2 in the liver discovered by ultrasound examination and a focus suggestive of @entity2 on chest x-ray. He was hospitalised because of suspected metastatic @entity1 . Laboratory analysis revealed a distinct elevation of serum @entity5 ( @entity5 , 26,1 micro g/l). A CT scan of the abdomen confirmed the presence of multiple @entity2 foci in both @entity3 , while the lung, however, was found to be free of @entity2 on CT-examination. Bronchoscopy, gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy were unremarkable. Subsequently, an ultrasound guided fine-needle biopsy of the liver was performed. Histological examination disclosed @entity6 with unusual, though unequivocal expression of @entity5 in @entity2 cells. As even follow-up examinations were unable to trace out any extrahepatic @entity2 , the @entity6 was concluded to be of hepatic origin. The @entity0 succumbed to his disease 6 months later, an autopsy was not performed. This case report of a @entity5 -producing primary @entity4 clearly outlines that a histological confirmation of an allegedly clear clinical diagnosis should always be performed because malignant @entity2 are capable of (co-)expressing so called @entity2 markers independently of their histogenesis.

title: [ @entity4 with unusual expression of @entity5 ( XXXX )].

answer: @entity5