abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The variants of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene have been proposed to be associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). We sought to confirm the possible association in Europeans and to examine the interaction between one gene variant and clinical data. METHODS: The @entity3 @entity4 C-to-T polymorphism was genotyped in 211 @entity5 , 1,297 @entity2 2 @entity1 , 545 @entity2 1 @entity1 and 1,497 control individuals from Hungary. A meta-analysis of our and previously published studies was performed to evaluate the size and the heterogeneity of the gene effect. RESULTS: The meta-analysis yielded a significant effect of @entity3 T allele (OR 1.28; p < 0.0001) on @entity5 risk without heterogeneity among Europeans. The T allele conferred equally strong susceptibility to @entity5 and @entity2 2 @entity1 . In the Hungarian dataset, the T allele was associated with @entity5 and @entity2 2 @entity1 , but not with @entity2 1 @entity1 . T allele carriers had significantly lower BMI than @entity0 with the CC genotype in the @entity5 and @entity2 2 @entity1 groups (p = 0.0021 and p = 0.0013, respectively). In both diseases, the @entity1 risk was significantly higher in the non-overweight than in the overweight BMI category (p = 0.0013 and p < 0.0001, respectively); susceptibility to @entity5 was increased by 2.84-fold in non-overweight individuals compared with overweight ones. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The meta-analysis demonstrates that @entity3 @entity4 polymorphism is a population-independent susceptibility locus for @entity5 in Europeans. The effect size is similar for @entity5 and @entity2 2 @entity1 . The gene effect on @entity1 risk may be modulated by BMI, such that the lower the BMI, the higher the gene effect.

title: The @entity2 2 @entity1 -associated variant in @entity3 is associated with latent autoimmune XXXX in adult Europeans and the gene effect is modified by obesity: a meta-analysis and an individual study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The variants of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene have been proposed to be associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). We sought to confirm the possible association in Europeans and to examine the interaction between one gene variant and clinical data. METHODS: The @entity3 @entity4 C-to-T polymorphism was genotyped in 211 @entity5 , 1,297 @entity2 2 @entity1 , 545 @entity2 1 @entity1 and 1,497 control individuals from Hungary. A meta-analysis of our and previously published studies was performed to evaluate the size and the heterogeneity of the gene effect. RESULTS: The meta-analysis yielded a significant effect of @entity3 T allele (OR 1.28; p < 0.0001) on @entity5 risk without heterogeneity among Europeans. The T allele conferred equally strong susceptibility to @entity5 and @entity2 2 @entity1 . In the Hungarian dataset, the T allele was associated with @entity5 and @entity2 2 @entity1 , but not with @entity2 1 @entity1 . T allele carriers had significantly lower BMI than @entity0 with the CC genotype in the @entity5 and @entity2 2 @entity1 groups (p = 0.0021 and p = 0.0013, respectively). In both diseases, the @entity1 risk was significantly higher in the non-overweight than in the overweight BMI category (p = 0.0013 and p < 0.0001, respectively); susceptibility to @entity5 was increased by 2.84-fold in non-overweight individuals compared with overweight ones. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The meta-analysis demonstrates that @entity3 @entity4 polymorphism is a population-independent susceptibility locus for @entity5 in Europeans. The effect size is similar for @entity5 and @entity2 2 @entity1 . The gene effect on @entity1 risk may be modulated by BMI, such that the lower the BMI, the higher the gene effect.

title: The @entity2 2 @entity1 -associated variant in XXXX is associated with latent autoimmune @entity1 in adult Europeans and the gene effect is modified by obesity: a meta-analysis and an individual study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact on the diagnosis of @entity0 of implementing full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in a multidisciplinary breast pathology unit and, 1 year later, the addition of a computer-aided detection (CAD) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 13,453 mammograms performed between January and July of the years 2004, 2006, and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed using conventional mammography, digital mammography, and digital mammography plus CAD techniques. Mammograms were classified into two subsets: screening and diagnosis. Variables analyzed included @entity1 detection rate, rate of in situ @entity2 , @entity1 size at detection, biopsy rate, and positive predictive value of biopsy. RESULTS: FFDM increased the @entity1 detection rate, albeit not statistically significantly. The detection rate of in situ @entity2 increased significantly using FFDM plus CAD compared with conventional technique (36.8% vs 6.7%; p = 0.05 without Bonferroni statistical correction) for the screening dataset. Relative to conventional mammography, @entity1 size at detection decreased with digital mammography (T1, 61.5% vs 88%; p = 0.018) and with digital mammography plus CAD (T1, 79.7%; p = 0.03 without Bonferroni statistical correction). Biopsy rates in the general population increased significantly using CAD (10.6/1000 for conventional mammography, 14.7/1000 for digital mammography, and 17.9/1000 for digital mammography plus CAD; p = 0.02). The positive predictive value of biopsy decreased slightly, but not significantly, for both subsets. CONCLUSION: The incorporation of new techniques has improved the performance of the breast unit by increasing the overall detection rates and earlier detection ( @entity1 ), both leading to an increase in interventionism.

title: Impact on XXXX diagnosis in a multidisciplinary unit after the incorporation of mammography digitalization and computer-aided detection systems.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The development of robotic technology has facilitated the application of minimally invasive techniques for the treatment and evaluation of @entity0 with early, advanced, and recurrent @entity1 . The application of robotic technology for selected @entity0 with @entity1 and the data available in the literature are addressed in the present review paper. The robotic radical hysterectomy technique developed at the Mayo Clinic Arizona is presented with data comparing 27 @entity0 who underwent the robotic procedure with 2 matched groups of @entity0 treated by laparoscopic (N = 31), and laparotomic radical hysterectomy (N = 35). A few other studies confirmed the feasibility and safety of robotic radical hysterectomy and comparisons to either to the laparoscopic or open approach were discussed. Based on data from the literature, minimally invasive techniques including laparoscopy and robotics are preferable to laparotomy for @entity0 requiring radical hysterectomy, with some advantages noted for robotics over laparoscopy. A prospective randomised trial is currently being performed under the auspices of the American Association of Gyneoclogic Laparoscopists comparing minimally invasive radical hysterectomy (laparoscopy or robotics) with laparotomy. For early @entity1 radical parametrectomy and fertility preserving trachelectomy have been performed using robotic technology and been shown to be feasible, safe, and easier to perform when compared to the laparoscopic approach. Similar benefits have been noted in the treatment of advanced and recurrent @entity1 where complex procedures such as extraperitoneal paraortic lymphadenectomy and pelvic exenteration have been required. CONCLUSION: Robotic technology better facilitates the surgical approach as compared to laparoscopy for technically challenging operations performed to treat primary, early or advanced, and recurrent @entity1 . Although @entity0 advantages are similar or slightly improved with robotics, there are multiple advantages for surgeons.

title: Robotic surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are highly unusual causes of @entity5 in the adolescent population. The authors report a unique concomitant occurrence in a 16-year-old @entity0 who presented with left-sided @entity7 @entity2 . Magnetic resonance imaging T1-weighted sequences revealed a left-sided posterolateral prolapsed L4-5 disc with an isointense extruded fragment lying behind the @entity7 body. On T2-weighted sequences a hyperintense area was seen in the region of the extruded disc fragment with thecal compression. At surgery the extradural encapsulated @entity4 was removed, together with the extruded disc fragment and the L4-5 disc. The characteristics of the biopsy specimen from the epidural collection were consistent with those of a @entity4 . At 6 months' follow up, the @entity0 had returned to his normal activities. An SEH may result from tearing of delicate epidural veins following disc extrusion. It can occur at any age, regardless of whether there is a history of significant @entity1 . Magnetic resonance imaging allows preoperative characterization of the lesion. Results after surgical evacuation are excellent. Distinguishing between a solitary SEH and one caused by a lumbar disc extrusion has significant implications, as the former may resolve completely with conservative management.

title: Extruded lumbar disc associated with XXXX . Case report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate selected clinical, histological and diagnostic factors as prognostics of time and location of @entity3 recurrence. We also attempted to design a more efficient follow-up protocols for @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 . METHODS: A retrospective review of 196 @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 treated at the Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie @entity1 Center, Warsaw, was done. Recurrence was analyzed by site, presence or absence of symptoms and methods of detection. We focused our attention on the impact of specific disease characteristics on pattern and risk of recurrence. RESULTS: Vast majority of recurrences (88%) occurred within the first 3 years after the primary treatment, whereas 71% within the first two years after the completion of the treatment. More than half of the @entity0 (55%) were symptomatic when relapse occurred, while no statistically significant differences were found in time to relapse between the symptomatic and the asymptomatic group. Disease-free time observed when vaginal relapse occurred was significantly shorter compared to distant sites (p = 0.049). Histological maturity of @entity1 seems to be a prognostic of disease-free time (p = 0.039). Also @entity0 with histological type I and II seem to have different courses of the disease (p = 0.064). Among recurrent @entity3 cases, pelvic examination, abdominal or pelvic ultrasound and chest x-ray could detect 95% of relapses. CONCLUSIONS: A follow-up program in the first three years after the primary treatment of @entity3 is useful in detecting recurrent disease. There is no reason to use an intensive program of follow-up in @entity0 with low risk @entity2 . Pelvic examination, vaginal and abdominal ultrasound, chest x-ray are good and not expensive methods in relapse detection. There is no clinical justification for the routine use of the Pap smear in the follow-up of @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: [Analysis of risk factors for recurrence after treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The plasminogen activator-plasmin cascade plays a central role in the progression of @entity2 . The type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity6 ) is the major physiological regulator of plasminogen activation. @entity6 is suggested to play a crucial role in @entity2 cell invasion and @entity1 of various @entity2 . The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and prognostic roles of @entity6 in @entity4 (OC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression analysis was conducted by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Tissue sections of @entity5 -embedded @entity2 specimens and fresh-frozen @entity2 samples from @entity0 with benign and malignant @entity4 ( @entity4 ), who had undergone surgical intervention in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Charit  , Germany, from 02/01 to 06/02, were used. Correlation analysis with conventional clinical factors, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using SPSS (SPSS Inc., V.11.0). RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity0 (31 primary OC, 20 recurrent OC, 4 low-malignant potential @entity4 , 6 benign @entity4 , 4 normal ovary) were allocated to this trial. The median age was 57 years (range, 34-86) and the median follow-up was 20 months (range, 0-64). The distributions of (FIGO) @entity2 stage of all primary OC were: I = 16.1%, II = 3.2%, III = 45.2% and IV = 35.5%. @entity6 was significantly overexpressed in the @entity2 epithelium of OC in comparison to the ovarian epithelium of benign @entity4 and normal ovary (p < 0.001). The median @entity6 level was 1.92-fold higher in malignant @entity4 than in benign @entity4 . Statistical analyses showed no significant correlation between the expression of @entity6 and clinical parameters. The expression of @entity6 and the @entity6 level, according to 3 different cut-off values, showed no prognostic impact in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, only @entity2 stage (FIGO) (p = 0.003) and @entity3 (p = 0.009) remained independent prognostic factors for post-operative survival. CONCLUSION: @entity6 is significantly overexpressed in OC.

title: Overexpression of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Acanthopanax senticosides B is a monomer of @entity11 @entity9 . Previous reports showed that @entity11 saponins exhibit antioxidant action and cardiac protection. However, whether Acanthopanax senticosides B has cardiac protection remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of Acanthopanax senticosides B on oxidative damage induced by @entity2 ( @entity3 ) of cardiomyocytes. As revealed from the results, when the cardiomyocytes were exposed to @entity3 for designed time and concentration, the percentage of survival cells was down significantly, the activity of @entity4 dehydrogenase (LDH) and the content of cellular @entity5 ( @entity6 ) were increased markedly. These results indicated that the cells were subjected to oxidative damage. Treatment with Acanthopanax senticosides B prior to @entity3 (100 microM) exposure can increase cell viability significantly, lessen @entity3 -induced cardiomyocyte morphological change, and inhibit augmentation of LDH activity in culture media and cellular @entity6 content markedly. Our results demonstrated that Acanthopanax senticosides B (400 microg/ml and 200 microg/ml) can protect cells against oxidative injury of @entity3 (100 microM). Furthermore, the activities of @entity1 dismutase (SOD), @entity7 peroxidase, @entity10 and the content of @entity7 ( @entity8 ) of cardiomyocytes were also raised by Acanthopanax senticosides B. Taken together, the study implicated that Acanthopanax senticosides B protects cardiomyocytes against @entity0 induced by @entity3 through reduction of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of the activity of antioxidant defense.

title: Acanthopanax senticosides B ameliorates oxidative damage induced by XXXX in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is an uncommon finding characterized by a sudden decrease in hemoglobin after treatment with the putative drug. The full range of drugs causing @entity8 and the initial serologic presentation are not fully appreciated. This work identifies additional drugs associated with @entity8 and offers additional insights about diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A 20-year retrospective review of testing in one laboratory was performed. @entity0 sex, age, medication history, initial direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and indirect antiglobulin test, method of drug-dependent antibody ( @entity10 ) detection, and specificity were reviewed. RESULTS: Seventy-one @entity0 with 73 DDAs to 23 different drugs were identified. The following @entity10 specificities were identified: @entity4 (37), @entity1 and/or @entity1 derivatives (12), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (11), @entity5 and/or @entity6 (7), and others (6). Fifty-two percent (37) were due to cephalosporins with 27 @entity9 -dependent antibodies detected. Four NSAIDs required urinary metabolite for detection. DAT was strongly positive, at least 2+, in 75 percent (51/68) of @entity0 with a positive DAT. Initial eluate was negative in 52 @entity0 , weak positive (<2+) in 14 @entity0 , and strong positive (>or=2+) in 2 @entity0 . Serologic results showed characteristics of warm @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in 22 or 31 percent of all cases and cold-reactive @entity7 in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to consider @entity8 when a @entity0 serologically presents as either warm- or cold-type @entity7 to avoid erroneous diagnosis. Based on these findings, the strength of the initial DAT is much stronger than previously reported for all types of @entity2 immune @entity3 . This report is also unique in the number of NSAIDs reported. A new classification of categorizing @entity10 is proposed.

title: One center's experience: the serology and drugs associated with XXXX immune @entity8 --a new paradigm.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is an uncommon finding characterized by a sudden decrease in hemoglobin after treatment with the putative drug. The full range of drugs causing @entity8 and the initial serologic presentation are not fully appreciated. This work identifies additional drugs associated with @entity8 and offers additional insights about diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A 20-year retrospective review of testing in one laboratory was performed. @entity0 sex, age, medication history, initial direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and indirect antiglobulin test, method of drug-dependent antibody ( @entity10 ) detection, and specificity were reviewed. RESULTS: Seventy-one @entity0 with 73 DDAs to 23 different drugs were identified. The following @entity10 specificities were identified: @entity4 (37), @entity1 and/or @entity1 derivatives (12), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (11), @entity5 and/or @entity6 (7), and others (6). Fifty-two percent (37) were due to cephalosporins with 27 @entity9 -dependent antibodies detected. Four NSAIDs required urinary metabolite for detection. DAT was strongly positive, at least 2+, in 75 percent (51/68) of @entity0 with a positive DAT. Initial eluate was negative in 52 @entity0 , weak positive (<2+) in 14 @entity0 , and strong positive (>or=2+) in 2 @entity0 . Serologic results showed characteristics of warm @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in 22 or 31 percent of all cases and cold-reactive @entity7 in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to consider @entity8 when a @entity0 serologically presents as either warm- or cold-type @entity7 to avoid erroneous diagnosis. Based on these findings, the strength of the initial DAT is much stronger than previously reported for all types of @entity2 immune @entity3 . This report is also unique in the number of NSAIDs reported. A new classification of categorizing @entity10 is proposed.

title: One center's experience: the serology and drugs associated with @entity2 immune XXXX --a new paradigm.

answer: @entity8


abstract: We previously demonstrated that a high-fat diet (HFD) consumption can cause not only peripheral insulin resistance, but also neuronal insulin resistance. Moreover, the consumption of an HFD has been shown to cause @entity7 in both the skeletal muscle and liver. @entity8 , a peroxizome proliferator-activated receptor-y ligand, is a drug used to treat @entity1 . Recent studies suggested that @entity8 can improve learning and memory in both @entity0 and animal models. However, the effects of @entity8 on neuronal insulin resistance and brain mitochondria after the HFD consumption have not yet been investigated. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that @entity8 improves neuronal insulin resistance caused by a HFD via attenuating the dysfunction of @entity5 . @entity8 (5 mg/kg    d) was given for 14 d to @entity2 that were fed with either a HFD or normal diet for 12 wk. After the 14(th) week, all animals were euthanized, and their brains were removed and examined for insulin-induced long-term @entity4 , neuronal insulin signaling, and brain mitochondrial function. We found that @entity8 significantly improved peripheral insulin resistance and insulin-induced long-term @entity4 and increased neuronal @entity6 -ser phosphorylation in response to insulin. Furthermore, @entity8 prevented brain mitochondrial conformational changes and attenuated brain mitochondrial swelling, brain mitochondrial membrane potential changes, and brain mitochondrial ROS production. Our data suggest that neuronal insulin resistance and the @entity3 caused by a 12-wk HFD consumption can be reversed by @entity8 .

title: PPARy agonist improves neuronal insulin receptor function in hippocampus and brain mitochondria function in XXXX with insulin resistance induced by long term high-fat diets.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 puts @entity0 at significant risk for @entity2 originating from the left atrial appendage. Few means are available for safe, effective, and durable left @entity3 . A new clip device was evaluated with regard to safety and effectiveness for epicardial left @entity3 . METHODS: @entity0 with @entity4 undergoing elective cardiac surgery through a median sternotomy were enrolled for concomitant epicardial clip placement. Early postoperative and 3-month follow-up computed tomography studies were used to assess clip stability and left atrial appendage perfusion. RESULTS: From September 2007 to December 2008, 34 @entity0 underwent successful clip placement. No device-related complications occurred. Operative mortality was 8.8% and not study or device related. Deployment was rapid, and left @entity3 was confirmed by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in all @entity0 . In addition to excellent clinical outcomes (no @entity2 /transient @entity1 attack), serial computed tomography demonstrated stable clip location and appendage perfusion at 3 months in all @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Safe, effective, and durable left @entity3 can easily be achieved with this new clip. Further trials are necessary to evaluate the role of the left @entity3 in @entity2 prevention.

title: Left XXXX : early clinical results.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulmonary artery size is a crucial determinant of hemodynamic energy loss in total cavopulmonary connections. We investigated the effect of aortic arch reconstruction on left pulmonary artery size based on their anatomic proximity. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 undergoing the Fontan operation, 16 with @entity1 and 16 with @entity1 , were selected from the multicenter Fontan magnetic resonance imaging database at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The 16 datasets were consecutive with full anatomic reconstructions of the total cavopulmonary connection and aortic arch with no artifacts. The size of the aorta along the transverse arch and left pulmonary artery size in the region below the aortic arch was quantified by using a previously validated skeletonization technique. RESULTS: The transverse aortic and left pulmonary artery measurements (median, maximum, and minimum, respectively) for @entity1 were 2.2, 3.1, and 1.5 cm/m and 1.2, 1.6, and 0.2 cm/m, respectively, compared with 2.5, 4.1, and 2.0 cm/m and 0.9, 1.5, and 0.4 cm/m for @entity0 with @entity1 . Thus the transverse aortic diameter of @entity0 with @entity1 was, on average, 24% greater than that for @entity0 with @entity1 (P < .05), whereas the left pulmonary artery diameter of @entity0 with @entity1 was smaller than that of @entity0 with @entity1 (P < .05). Regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation (P < .05) between aortic and left pulmonary artery diameters in both the @entity1 and @entity1 groups. However, when the study population was regrouped into reconstructed aorta and nonreconstructed aorta groups, the negative correlation was only significant for @entity0 with reconstructed aortas, regardless of ventricular pathology (P < .02). CONCLUSIONS: Stage 1 aortic reconstruction procedures that result in a large aorta limit left pulmonary artery size in @entity0 undergoing the Fontan operation.

title: Larger aortic reconstruction corresponds to diminished left pulmonary artery size in XXXX with single-ventricle physiology.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to detect the potential occurrence of early @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) at first referral to an outpatient nephrology clinic. Eighty-four @entity0 with @entity5 (49 @entity0 and 35 @entity0 ) were compared with 604 healthy control subjects (298 @entity0 and 306 @entity0 ). Anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were performed in all @entity0 , whereas renal function, laboratory tests for nutritional status, and nutrient intake were assessed in the @entity5 group only. @entity7 clearance was 27.8 +/- 13.8 and 27.4 +/- 13.0 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) in male and female @entity0 with @entity5 , respectively. No @entity0 showed peripheral @entity1 ; @entity8 , defined by presence of serum albumin <3.5 g/dl plus body mass index <20 kg/m(2); or protein intake <0.6 g/kg per d. At the BIA, @entity0 with @entity5 showed lower resistance (R) and abnormal mean impedance vectors for the bivariate normal distribution of R/height and reactance/height. Phase angle also was reduced (-22%), especially in @entity0 with @entity2 . When BIA-derived data were considered, total body water was slightly higher (+4.3% in @entity0 ; +3.5% in @entity0 ) and body cell mass was lower (-6.7% in @entity0 ; -7.7% in @entity0 ) in @entity0 with @entity5 . No difference in either BIA parameters or nutritional indexes was observed among various @entity5 stages. Despite the absence of overt @entity8 , @entity0 with @entity5 exhibit altered BIA variables from the early phases of @entity3 . These alterations are related to the @entity3 , are more marked in the presence of @entity2 , and mainly indicate the presence of @entity9 in the absence of @entity1 . Therefore, BIA represents an attractive clinical tool to detect @entity4 from the early stages of @entity5 .

title: Early changes in bioelectrical estimates of body composition in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 ( @entity8 ) is a simple and cost-effective treatment for @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Our objectives were to determine the frequency of @entity8 administration in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) for @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity9 , and to identify @entity0 characteristics associated with its administration. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review of @entity0 discharged with a final diagnosis of @entity7 . Data on age, gender, mode of presentation, presence of @entity6 at triage, administration of @entity8 or not in the @entity2 , dosage and form of @entity8 received, timing of administration, presence of contraindications to @entity8 and use of regular @entity8 prior to @entity2 presentation were recorded. RESULTS: Six hundred and one charts were analyzed. Five hundred and fifty @entity0 (91.5%) received @entity8 . Only 444 (73.9%) of these 550 @entity0 were administered the @entity8 appropriately, according to the American Heart Association / American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) guidelines. Univariate analysis showed that chart notes "Transport by ambulance," " @entity4 to @entity8 " and " @entity3 " were associated with a lower probability of the @entity0 being administered @entity8 . If a @entity0 was noted as taking @entity8 regularly, it increased the chance of this @entity0 being administered @entity8 in the @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Although the study @entity2 performed well, administering @entity8 to 91.5% of @entity0 with @entity7 , only 73.9% of the @entity0 who received @entity8 were administered the @entity8 appropriately, as recommended in the AHA/ACC guidelines. Educational strategies and system changes are necessary to increase the proportion of eligible @entity7 @entity0 who receive appropriate @entity8 therapy.

title: Underutilization of @entity1 for @entity7 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 ( @entity8 ) is a simple and cost-effective treatment for @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Our objectives were to determine the frequency of @entity8 administration in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) for @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity9 , and to identify @entity0 characteristics associated with its administration. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review of @entity0 discharged with a final diagnosis of @entity7 . Data on age, gender, mode of presentation, presence of @entity6 at triage, administration of @entity8 or not in the @entity2 , dosage and form of @entity8 received, timing of administration, presence of contraindications to @entity8 and use of regular @entity8 prior to @entity2 presentation were recorded. RESULTS: Six hundred and one charts were analyzed. Five hundred and fifty @entity0 (91.5%) received @entity8 . Only 444 (73.9%) of these 550 @entity0 were administered the @entity8 appropriately, according to the American Heart Association / American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) guidelines. Univariate analysis showed that chart notes "Transport by ambulance," " @entity4 to @entity8 " and " @entity3 " were associated with a lower probability of the @entity0 being administered @entity8 . If a @entity0 was noted as taking @entity8 regularly, it increased the chance of this @entity0 being administered @entity8 in the @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Although the study @entity2 performed well, administering @entity8 to 91.5% of @entity0 with @entity7 , only 73.9% of the @entity0 who received @entity8 were administered the @entity8 appropriately, as recommended in the AHA/ACC guidelines. Educational strategies and system changes are necessary to increase the proportion of eligible @entity7 @entity0 who receive appropriate @entity8 therapy.

title: Underutilization of XXXX for @entity7 in the @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 ( @entity8 ) is a simple and cost-effective treatment for @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Our objectives were to determine the frequency of @entity8 administration in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) for @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity9 , and to identify @entity0 characteristics associated with its administration. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review of @entity0 discharged with a final diagnosis of @entity7 . Data on age, gender, mode of presentation, presence of @entity6 at triage, administration of @entity8 or not in the @entity2 , dosage and form of @entity8 received, timing of administration, presence of contraindications to @entity8 and use of regular @entity8 prior to @entity2 presentation were recorded. RESULTS: Six hundred and one charts were analyzed. Five hundred and fifty @entity0 (91.5%) received @entity8 . Only 444 (73.9%) of these 550 @entity0 were administered the @entity8 appropriately, according to the American Heart Association / American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) guidelines. Univariate analysis showed that chart notes "Transport by ambulance," " @entity4 to @entity8 " and " @entity3 " were associated with a lower probability of the @entity0 being administered @entity8 . If a @entity0 was noted as taking @entity8 regularly, it increased the chance of this @entity0 being administered @entity8 in the @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Although the study @entity2 performed well, administering @entity8 to 91.5% of @entity0 with @entity7 , only 73.9% of the @entity0 who received @entity8 were administered the @entity8 appropriately, as recommended in the AHA/ACC guidelines. Educational strategies and system changes are necessary to increase the proportion of eligible @entity7 @entity0 who receive appropriate @entity8 therapy.

title: Underutilization of @entity1 for XXXX in the @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The goal of thrombolytic therapy in @entity0 with acute @entity2 is early recanalization, but this may result in delayed @entity9 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of @entity8 in a transient @entity1 cat model by using MR perfusion imaging and histopathologic analyses. METHOD: One-hour temporary occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery of @entity4 was performed in the control @entity1 group (n = 10), and 100 mg/kg of @entity8 was intravenously injected immediately after recanalization in the @entity8 -treated group (n = 15). MR imaging was performed at 1, 24, and 48 hours after recanalization, and the perfusion patterns were investigated. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick and end-labeling (TUNEL) and @entity6 - @entity7 (H_E) stainings were performed at the corresponding sections. RESULTS: In the control @entity1 group, the number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased in the areas with reperfusion @entity3 (P < .05). In the @entity8 -treated group, no significant increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells was noted in the areas of reperfusion @entity3 . The difference in the number of TUNEL-positive cells between the control @entity1 and @entity8 -treated group in the areas of reperfusion @entity3 was significant (P < .05). The total number of TUNEL-positive cells and the area of severe @entity1 @entity5 on H_E stain were also significantly attenuated in the @entity8 -treated @entity4 compared with the control @entity1 @entity4 (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity8 has neuroprotective effects against @entity9 and @entity1 .

title: Protective effect of XXXX on a reperfusion model after transient cerebral ischemia: Temporal evolution on perfusion MR imaging and histopathologic findings.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Single-shot, fast spin-echo, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (SS-FSE-FLAIR) images are frequently used to detect disease in the brain and subarachnoid space in confused or uncooperative @entity0 who may move during the examination. In some of these @entity0 , high signal intensity areas are seen on good-quality images in the subarachnoid space and ventricular system in locations not associated with high CSF flow. These artifacts may simulate @entity3 or @entity2 . The purpose of this article was to determine the cause of these artifacts, describe ways to recognize them, and find methods to reduce or eliminate them. METHODS: Healthy volunteers were studied on 6 occasions with conventional multisection FSE-FLAIR images and SS-FSE-FLAIR images while at rest and while nodding and rotating their heads at different speeds. In addition, SS-FSE-FLAIR images with different section widths of the initial inverting pulse and a non-section-selective initial inversion pulse were performed with the subjects moving their heads in the same way. The scans of 30 successive @entity0 with @entity1 who had been studied with SS-FSE-FLAIR sequences were reviewed for evidence of high signal intensity in the CSF in regions not associated with high CSF flow. RESULTS: Each of the volunteers showed areas of increased signal intensity in CSF at sites apart from those associated with rapid pulsatile CSF flow on SS-FSE-FLAIR images acquired during head motion. The images were otherwise virtually free of motion artifact. The use of a wider initial inversion pulse section and a non-section-selected initial inversion pulse reduced the extent of these artifacts. Nineteen of the 30 @entity0 showed areas of high signal intensity in the CSF in regions not associated with highly pulsatile CSF flow. Six of these @entity0 had negative lumbar punctures for blood and xanthochromia and normal CSF protein levels. CONCLUSION: High signal intensity artifacts may be seen in CSF as a result of head movement on otherwise artifact-free images when imaging uncooperative @entity0 with SS-FSE-FLAIR sequences. These artifacts have a different mechanism and distribution from those caused by CSF pulsation and may simulate subarachnoid and @entity3 . Artifact recognition is aided by signs of @entity0 motion during the examination. The artifacts can be reduced by use of increased section width and non-section-selective initial inversion pulses. Recognition of these artifacts is important, because the circumstances in which the SS-FSE-FLAIR sequence is used and the particular properties of the sequence may conspire to produce a trap for the unwary.

title: Artifact simulating subarachnoid and XXXX on single-shot, fast spin-echo fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images caused by head movement: A trap for the unwary.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Light chain @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is associated with high mortality. The aim was to identify echocardiographic parameters that predict @entity4 long-term mortality. METHODS: Forty-two subjects with biopsy-proven @entity4 (43% were female; aged 61 +/- 12 years) underwent echocardiography and were followed 29 +/- 16 months (median 29.4 months). Standard echocardiographic and clinical parameters and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) class were tested using univariate/multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses to identify markers of mortality. RESULTS: Twenty-three subjects died, with a 1-year mortality of 44%. Univariate predictors of mortality were @entity3 class (P < .001), left ventricular systolic ejection time (ET) (P = .002), alkaline phosphatase (P < .001), and @entity1 and @entity2 aminotransferase (P = .003 each). On multivariable analysis, only @entity3 class (hazard ratio [HR] 4.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58-14.9; P = .006), ET (10 ms increase; HR 0.87; CI, 0.78-0.97; P = .01), and alkaline phosphatase (10 U/L increase; HR 1.04; CI, 1.01-1.06; P = .01) were prognostic. ET <or= 240 ms had a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 90% in predicting 1-year mortality and a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 90% in predicting 1-year cardiac mortality. CONCLUSION: @entity4 was associated with high long-term mortality. Among echocardiographic and clinical parameters, only ET and alkaline phosphatase had incremental value to @entity3 class in predicting mortality. This may be useful to identify high-risk @entity0 .

title: Left ventricular ejection time on echocardiography predicts long-term mortality in light chain XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To investigate the frequency of cascades of further diagnostic investigations and referrals after abnormal laboratory results in situations of @entity1 probability; (2) to investigate pretest and posttest determinants; and (3) to describe the cascades that occur. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study in primary care in The Netherlands. Numbers of investigations/referrals were recorded during 6 months of follow-up for 256 @entity0 with normal and abnormal laboratory results. The influences of the reason for ordering tests, interpretation of results, and pretest/posttest disease probability were examined. RESULTS: After receiving the laboratory results, the physicians ordered further investigations for 22 (17.3%) @entity0 with abnormal results and for two (1.6%) @entity0 with normal results (P<0.001). They referred 12 (9.4%) @entity0 with abnormal results and eight (6.2%) @entity0 with normal results (P=0.33). Six @entity0 had two investigations and/or referrals, and one @entity0 had three referrals. There were significantly more investigations/referrals for results interpreted as abnormal (P=0.004) and for cases with a high posttest disease probability (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that cascade processes after laboratory testing in situations of @entity1 probability are limited in magnitude and frequency. Improving interpretations may help improve the appropriateness of further investigations and referrals.

title: Cascade effects of laboratory testing are found to be rare in XXXX probability situations: prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although discontinuing lipid-lowering treatment can cause preventable morbidity, previously published reports have indicated considerable variability in persistence with @entity6 use. In general, such reports have been limited by short follow-up periods and modest study populations. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess long-term persistence with statins and to identify the sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacotherapy-related factors associated with long-term persistence with @entity6 treatment in first-time users in Israel. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from adult enrollees of a not-for-profit health maintenance organization and from death certificates in Israel. Eligible @entity0 initiated @entity6 treatment between 1998 and 2006. Persistence was assessed separately in @entity0 with no indication of a @entity2 (primary prevention) or @entity5 (secondary prevention). Treatment persistence and proportion of days covered (PDC) were measured using the interval between the date of the first prescription dispensation (index date) and the point of discontinuation. RESULTS: Data from 229,918 @entity0 were included (primary prevention, 136,052; secondary prevention, 93,866). The PDC was significantly higher in the secondary-prevention group compared with the primary-prevention group (59% vs 45%; P < 0.001). In both cohorts, persistence continually diminished from the index date through follow-up, with > or = 75% of @entity0 discontinuing @entity6 therapy by 2 years. Baseline predictors of discontinuation of @entity6 treatment included younger age, female sex, lower socioeconomic status (SES), absence of @entity1 or @entity3 , no concurrent use of beta-blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and less health service utilization. New immigrants and @entity0 in the primary-prevention group who had a baseline low-density lipoprotein @entity4 concentration <130 mg/dL were at increased risk for treatment discontinuation. CONCLUSION: In this study in these @entity0 receiving first-time @entity6 treatment in Israel, we found poor persistence with statins among both the primary- and secondary-prevention cohorts, especially among new immigrants and @entity0 with low SES despite low out-of-pocket prescription costs and free access to health services.

title: Long-term persistence with XXXX treatment in a not-for-profit health maintenance organization: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Israel.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The conductance catheter (CC) allows thorough evaluation of cardiac function because it simultaneously provides measurements of pressure and volume. Calibration of the volume signal remains challenging. With different calibration techniques, in vivo left ventricular volumes (V(CC)) were measured in @entity0 (n = 52) with a Millar CC (SPR-839) and compared with MRI-derived volumes (V(MRI)). Significant correlations between V(CC) and V(MRI) [end-diastolic volume (EDV): R(2) = 0.85, P < 0.01; end-systolic volume ( @entity2 ): R(2) = 0.88, P < 0.01] were found when injection of hypertonic saline in the pulmonary artery was used to calibrate for parallel conductance and volume conversion was done by individual cylinder calibration. However, a significant underestimation was observed [EDV = -17.3 microl (-22.7 to -11.9 microl); @entity2 = -8.8 microl (-12.5 to -5.1 microl)]. Intravenous injection of the hypertonic saline bolus was inferior to injection into the pulmonary artery as a calibration method. Calibration with an independent measurement of @entity1 volume decreased the agreement with V(MRI). Correction for an increase in blood conductivity during the in vivo experiments improved estimation of EDV. The dual-frequency method for estimation of parallel conductance failed to produce V(CC) that correlated with V(MRI). We conclude that selection of the calibration procedure for the CC has significant implications for the accuracy and precision of volume estimation and pressure-volume loop-derived variables like myocardial contractility. Although V(CC) may be underestimated compared with MRI, optimized calibration techniques enable reliable volume estimation with the CC in @entity0 .

title: Left ventricular volume measurement in XXXX by conductance catheter: evaluation and optimization of calibration.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although both gender- and sports-specific @entity2 exist among @entity8 , gender differences in the types of @entity2 caused by sports activities, except for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and anterior knee @entity3 , are not well established. OBJECTIVE: An observational study with a retrospective case-series design was conducted to investigate gender-specific differences in the types of @entity2 sustained while engaging in sports activities common to both males and females. METHODS: We analyzed @entity2 sustained during sports activities including basketball, volleyball, tennis, skiing, track and field, and swimming, using data on age, sex, sports activities, activity levels, and @entity8 that had been computerized at our sports medicine (orthopedics) clinic. Inclusion criteria were sports activities that had a record of >100 @entity2 in total and @entity8 aged <50 years who were engaging in only 1 sports activity. We determined the absolute number of @entity0 in each category and their percentage (proportion) of our cohort. The proportions of common @entity2 caused by sports activities were investigated, and gender-specific differences in the types of common @entity2 caused by sports activities were clarified. The Fisher exact test was used to determine the significance (P < 0.01) of the gender-specific differences in the types of @entity8 . RESULTS: According to our database, during the 14-year period between October 1992 and December 2006, a total of 2,989 @entity8 (1,624 males and 1,365 females) aged <50 years who engaged in 1 of the 6 sports activities described consulted our sports medicine clinic. The most common @entity8 were @entity2 (14.3%) and knee @entity3 (13.7%), followed by @entity9 (9.4%), @entity7 (7.0%), @entity2 (5.1%), @entity5 (2.9%), @entity6 (2.5%), @entity4 (2.1%), injury of the medial collateral ligament of the knee (2.0%), lumbar spondylolysis (1.7%), and @entity1 (1.5%). Among these 11 types of @entity8 , a significantly higher proportion of females who engaged in basketball (24.4% vs 10.5%), volleyball (20.5% vs 4.5%), or skiing (41.4% vs 26.5%) presented with an @entity2 , compared with their male counterparts (all, P < 0.001). There was also a significantly higher proportion of females than of males among the track and field @entity8 who presented with @entity5 (18.7% vs 3.9%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this retrospective study suggest that there are gender-specific differences in the types of @entity2 sustained during sports activities.

title: Retrospective case evaluation of gender differences in XXXX in a Japanese sports medicine clinic.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The seed oil of Anemone leveillei contains significant amounts of @entity9 (20:3Delta(5,11,14); SA), an unusual non- @entity1 -interrupted @entity0 with pharmaceutical potential similar to @entity3 . Two candidate cDNAs (AL10 and AL21) for the C(20) Delta(5cis)-desaturase from developing seeds of A. leveillei were functionally characterized in transgenic @entity2 ( @entity2 ) plants. The open reading frames of both Delta(5)-desaturases showed some similarity to presumptive @entity7 ( @entity8 ) desaturases found in animals and plants. When expressed in transgenic @entity2 , AL21 showed a broad range of substrate specificity, utilizing both saturated (16:0 and 18:0) and unsaturated (18:2, n-6 and 18:3, n-3) substrates. In contrast, AL10 did not show any activity in wild-type @entity2 . Coexpression of AL10 or AL21 with a C(18) Delta(9)-elongase in transgenic @entity2 plants resulted in the production of SA and juniperonic @entity0 (20:4Delta(5,11,14,17)). Thus, AL10 acted only on C(20) @entity4 in a manner analogous to "front-end" desaturases. However, neither AL10 nor AL21 contain the cytochrome b(5) domain normally present in this class of enzymes. @entity7 profiling of transgenic @entity2 plants and developing A. leveillei seeds revealed significant accumulation of Delta(5)-unsaturated fatty acids as acyl-CoAs compared to the accumulation of these @entity6 in total lipids. Positional analysis of @entity5 of A. leveillei seeds showed that Delta(5)-desaturated fatty acids were present in both sn-2 and sn-1 + sn-3 positions, although the majority of 16:1Delta(5), 18:1Delta(5), and SA was present at the sn-2 position. Our data provide biochemical evidence for the A. leveillei Delta(5)-desaturases using @entity7 substrates.

title: Cloning and characterization of unusual XXXX desaturases from Anemone leveillei: identification of an @entity7 C20 Delta5-desaturase responsible for the synthesis of @entity9 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The seed oil of Anemone leveillei contains significant amounts of @entity9 (20:3Delta(5,11,14); SA), an unusual non- @entity1 -interrupted @entity0 with pharmaceutical potential similar to @entity3 . Two candidate cDNAs (AL10 and AL21) for the C(20) Delta(5cis)-desaturase from developing seeds of A. leveillei were functionally characterized in transgenic @entity2 ( @entity2 ) plants. The open reading frames of both Delta(5)-desaturases showed some similarity to presumptive @entity7 ( @entity8 ) desaturases found in animals and plants. When expressed in transgenic @entity2 , AL21 showed a broad range of substrate specificity, utilizing both saturated (16:0 and 18:0) and unsaturated (18:2, n-6 and 18:3, n-3) substrates. In contrast, AL10 did not show any activity in wild-type @entity2 . Coexpression of AL10 or AL21 with a C(18) Delta(9)-elongase in transgenic @entity2 plants resulted in the production of SA and juniperonic @entity0 (20:4Delta(5,11,14,17)). Thus, AL10 acted only on C(20) @entity4 in a manner analogous to "front-end" desaturases. However, neither AL10 nor AL21 contain the cytochrome b(5) domain normally present in this class of enzymes. @entity7 profiling of transgenic @entity2 plants and developing A. leveillei seeds revealed significant accumulation of Delta(5)-unsaturated fatty acids as acyl-CoAs compared to the accumulation of these @entity6 in total lipids. Positional analysis of @entity5 of A. leveillei seeds showed that Delta(5)-desaturated fatty acids were present in both sn-2 and sn-1 + sn-3 positions, although the majority of 16:1Delta(5), 18:1Delta(5), and SA was present at the sn-2 position. Our data provide biochemical evidence for the A. leveillei Delta(5)-desaturases using @entity7 substrates.

title: Cloning and characterization of unusual @entity0 desaturases from Anemone leveillei: identification of an @entity7 C20 Delta5-desaturase responsible for the synthesis of XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: The seed oil of Anemone leveillei contains significant amounts of @entity9 (20:3Delta(5,11,14); SA), an unusual non- @entity1 -interrupted @entity0 with pharmaceutical potential similar to @entity3 . Two candidate cDNAs (AL10 and AL21) for the C(20) Delta(5cis)-desaturase from developing seeds of A. leveillei were functionally characterized in transgenic @entity2 ( @entity2 ) plants. The open reading frames of both Delta(5)-desaturases showed some similarity to presumptive @entity7 ( @entity8 ) desaturases found in animals and plants. When expressed in transgenic @entity2 , AL21 showed a broad range of substrate specificity, utilizing both saturated (16:0 and 18:0) and unsaturated (18:2, n-6 and 18:3, n-3) substrates. In contrast, AL10 did not show any activity in wild-type @entity2 . Coexpression of AL10 or AL21 with a C(18) Delta(9)-elongase in transgenic @entity2 plants resulted in the production of SA and juniperonic @entity0 (20:4Delta(5,11,14,17)). Thus, AL10 acted only on C(20) @entity4 in a manner analogous to "front-end" desaturases. However, neither AL10 nor AL21 contain the cytochrome b(5) domain normally present in this class of enzymes. @entity7 profiling of transgenic @entity2 plants and developing A. leveillei seeds revealed significant accumulation of Delta(5)-unsaturated fatty acids as acyl-CoAs compared to the accumulation of these @entity6 in total lipids. Positional analysis of @entity5 of A. leveillei seeds showed that Delta(5)-desaturated fatty acids were present in both sn-2 and sn-1 + sn-3 positions, although the majority of 16:1Delta(5), 18:1Delta(5), and SA was present at the sn-2 position. Our data provide biochemical evidence for the A. leveillei Delta(5)-desaturases using @entity7 substrates.

title: Cloning and characterization of unusual @entity0 desaturases from Anemone leveillei: identification of an XXXX C20 Delta5-desaturase responsible for the synthesis of @entity9 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the compound strength of the fixation between 2 blocks of synthetic bone using ultrasound activated resorbable pins (regarding drill hole diameter) and compare them to fixation with @entity0 miniscrews. Resorbable pins were up to 17 mm long. STUDY DESIGN: Two synthetic bone blocks (Sawbone) were fixed by either a resorbable @entity1 or miniscrew osteosynthesis. Maximum tensile forces were determined mechanically. @entity1 lengths of 7 mm, 11 mm, and 17 mm were analyzed in relation to different drill hole diameters. RESULTS: The ideal drill hole configuration was a combination of diameters of 2.1/1.6 mm (in a lag screw configuration). Mean maximum tensile force was 80 N for 7 mm pins (105 N/11 mm, 69 N/17 mm). In comparison, tensile forces of @entity0 screws were 20 N (7 mm), 97 N (11 mm), and 135 N (17 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Osteosynthesis by resorbable pins reached equal compound strength levels compared with @entity0 miniscrews. This in vitro study was the basis for a clinical trial of ultrasound-guided resorbable @entity1 osteosynthesis.

title: Bone block fixation by ultrasound activated resorbable XXXX osteosynthesis: a biomechanical in vitro analysis of stability.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein is a multifunctional viral gene product that encapsidates the RNA genome and also plays some as yet not fully defined role in viral RNA replication and/or transcription. A number of conserved negatively charged @entity6 are located within domain III in the @entity5 end of all coronavirus N proteins. Previous studies suggested that the negatively charged residues are involved in virus assembly by mediating interaction between the membrane (M) protein @entity5 tail and nucleocapsids. To determine the importance of these negatively charged residues, a series of @entity3 and other charged-residue substitutions were introduced in place of those in the N gene within a @entity0 @entity1 coronavirus A59 infectious clone. @entity7 residues 440 and 441 were identified as functionally important. Viruses could not be isolated when both residues were replaced by positively charged @entity6 . When either @entity4 was replaced by a positively charged residue or both were changed to @entity3 , viruses were recovered that contained second-site changes within N, but not in the M or envelope protein. The compensatory role of the new changes was confirmed by the construction of new viruses. A few viruses were recovered that retained the D441-to- @entity2 change and no compensatory changes. These viruses exhibited a small-plaque phenotype and produced significantly less virus. Overall, results from our analysis of a large panel of plaque-purified recovered viruses indicate that the negatively charged residues at positions 440 and 441 are key residues that appear to be involved in virus assembly.

title: Identification of functionally important negatively charged residues in the @entity5 end of @entity0 XXXX coronavirus A59 nucleocapsid protein.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein is a multifunctional viral gene product that encapsidates the RNA genome and also plays some as yet not fully defined role in viral RNA replication and/or transcription. A number of conserved negatively charged @entity6 are located within domain III in the @entity5 end of all coronavirus N proteins. Previous studies suggested that the negatively charged residues are involved in virus assembly by mediating interaction between the membrane (M) protein @entity5 tail and nucleocapsids. To determine the importance of these negatively charged residues, a series of @entity3 and other charged-residue substitutions were introduced in place of those in the N gene within a @entity0 @entity1 coronavirus A59 infectious clone. @entity7 residues 440 and 441 were identified as functionally important. Viruses could not be isolated when both residues were replaced by positively charged @entity6 . When either @entity4 was replaced by a positively charged residue or both were changed to @entity3 , viruses were recovered that contained second-site changes within N, but not in the M or envelope protein. The compensatory role of the new changes was confirmed by the construction of new viruses. A few viruses were recovered that retained the D441-to- @entity2 change and no compensatory changes. These viruses exhibited a small-plaque phenotype and produced significantly less virus. Overall, results from our analysis of a large panel of plaque-purified recovered viruses indicate that the negatively charged residues at positions 440 and 441 are key residues that appear to be involved in virus assembly.

title: Identification of functionally important negatively charged residues in the XXXX end of @entity0 @entity1 coronavirus A59 nucleocapsid protein.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein is a multifunctional viral gene product that encapsidates the RNA genome and also plays some as yet not fully defined role in viral RNA replication and/or transcription. A number of conserved negatively charged @entity6 are located within domain III in the @entity5 end of all coronavirus N proteins. Previous studies suggested that the negatively charged residues are involved in virus assembly by mediating interaction between the membrane (M) protein @entity5 tail and nucleocapsids. To determine the importance of these negatively charged residues, a series of @entity3 and other charged-residue substitutions were introduced in place of those in the N gene within a @entity0 @entity1 coronavirus A59 infectious clone. @entity7 residues 440 and 441 were identified as functionally important. Viruses could not be isolated when both residues were replaced by positively charged @entity6 . When either @entity4 was replaced by a positively charged residue or both were changed to @entity3 , viruses were recovered that contained second-site changes within N, but not in the M or envelope protein. The compensatory role of the new changes was confirmed by the construction of new viruses. A few viruses were recovered that retained the D441-to- @entity2 change and no compensatory changes. These viruses exhibited a small-plaque phenotype and produced significantly less virus. Overall, results from our analysis of a large panel of plaque-purified recovered viruses indicate that the negatively charged residues at positions 440 and 441 are key residues that appear to be involved in virus assembly.

title: Identification of functionally important negatively charged residues in the @entity5 end of XXXX @entity1 coronavirus A59 nucleocapsid protein.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the natural history, identify risk factors, and determine outcomes for the development of @entity2 in the elderly. BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a common and deleterious complication in geriatric @entity0 . METHODS: Subjects older than 50 years scheduled for an operation requiring a postoperative intensive care unit admission were recruited. After preoperative informed written consent, enrolled subjects had baseline cognitive and functional assessments. Postoperatively, subjects were assessed daily for @entity4 using the confusion assessment method-intensive care unit. @entity0 were also followed for outcomes. RESULTS: During the study period, 144 @entity0 were enrolled before major abdominal (40%), @entity5 (53%), or vascular (7%) operations. The overall incidence of @entity4 was 44% (64/144). The average time to onset of @entity4 was 2.1 +/- 0.9 days and the mean duration of @entity4 was 4.0 +/- 5.1 days. Several preoperative variables were associated with an increased risk of @entity4 including older age (P < 0.001), @entity6 (P < 0.001), impaired functional status (P < 0.001), pre-existing @entity3 (P < 0.001), and pre-existing comorbidities (P < 0.001). In a multivariable logistic regression model, pre-existing @entity3 remains the strongest risk factor for the development of @entity2 . Worse outcomes, including increased length of stay (P < 0.001), postdischarge institutionalization (P < 0.001), and 6 month mortality (P = 0.001), occurred in subjects who developed @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, @entity4 occurred in 44% of elderly @entity0 after a major operation. Pre-existing @entity1 was the strongest predictor of the development of @entity2 . Outcomes, including an increased rate of 6 month mortality, were worse in @entity0 who developed @entity2 .

title: XXXX in the elderly: risk factors and outcomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with right @entity6 (RAI) have several @entity1 historically resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. We sought to assess whether current surgical strategies have improved the outcomes of @entity0 with RAI. METHODS: A retrospective review of our database from 1997 to 2010 identified 60 consecutive @entity0 with RAI who underwent initial palliation at Mt. Fuji Shizuoka @entity0 's Hospital. All of the @entity0 had a functional single ventricle. Of the 60 @entity0 , 33 @entity0 (51.7%) had @entity5 (TAPVD), 23 @entity0 (40.3%) had significant (more than moderate) @entity2 ( @entity2 ), 7 @entity0 (12.3%) had @entity3 , and 4 @entity0 (6.7%) had major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. Pulmonary outflow @entity4 was present in 39 of the @entity0 (65%), and 46 @entity0 had systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunts. Of the 33 @entity0 with TAPVD, 18 underwent repair of the condition at initial palliation, 9 others at the time of a Glenn operation, 2 more through a Fontan operation, and 4 at the interstage between palliative surgeries. Eight of the 23 @entity0 with significant @entity2 underwent @entity2 at initial palliation, 8 others at the time of Glenn operation, 4 others at the time of Fontan operation, and 3 during the interstage between operations. An initial neonatal surgical procedure was performed in 30 @entity0 (50%). The mean follow-up period for @entity0 in the study was 53.1 months. RESULTS: Operative mortality after initial palliation was 15.4% (4 of 26 @entity0 ) before 2003 and 17.6% (6 of 34 @entity0 ) after 2004 (p=NS). Five-year survival was 53.8% before 2003 and 81.7% after 2004 (p=0.035, log-rank test). A multivariate analysis identified persistent @entity2 of more than moderate degree (p=0.04) as a factor associated with late mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of surgery for RAI are improving. Neonatal palliative surgery for RAI carries a high operative risk of early mortality, and persistent significant @entity2 remains a risk factor for late mortality.

title: Improving outcomes of the surgical management of right XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is considered a proinflammatory condition. Adipose tissue involvement seems evident because adiponectin levels correlate with disease remission and administration of leptin suppresses the low-grade systemic @entity3 in @entity2 with @entity6 . Whether adipose tissue involvement in @entity6 already occurs at a young age is yet unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to explore the extent of adipokine alterations in pediatric @entity6 and gain more insight into the mechanisms underlying the involvement of adipose tissue. DESIGN AND @entity0 : First, plasma adipokine profiling (24 adipokines) of 20 @entity0 with onset @entity6 , 20 @entity0 with long-standing @entity6 , and 17 healthy controls was performed using a recently developed and validated multiplex immunoassay. Second, the effects of @entity1 plasma factors on preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation were studied in vitro. RESULTS: In @entity0 with onset and long-standing @entity6 , plasma adipokine profiling showed increased levels of various adipokines acting at the crossroads of adipose tissue function and @entity3 , including @entity7 / @entity7 and the novel adipokines cathepsin S, @entity5 , and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, onset and long-standing @entity1 plasma significantly induced preadipocyte proliferation and adipocyte differentiation in vitro (P < 0.05). Two candidate plasma factors, @entity4 and the saturated fatty acid @entity8 , did not affect proliferation or adipocyte differentiation in vitro but were found to increase @entity7 ( @entity7 ) secretion by adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The adipogenic effects of @entity1 plasma in vitro and the altered adipokine levels in vivo suggest adipose tissue involvement in the low-grade @entity3 associated with @entity6 , already in pediatric @entity0 .

title: Altered plasma adipokine levels and in vitro adipocyte differentiation in pediatric type 1 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Fescue @entity1 is caused by consumption of toxins produced by an endophytic fungus, Neotyphodium coenophialum, in @entity2 [ @entity2 ]. Microarray analysis was used to identify shifts in genetic expression associated with the affected physiological processes to identify potential targets for future pharmacological/toxicological intervention. Male @entity0 (n = 24) were implanted with temperature transmitters, which measure core temperature every 5 min. After an 8-d recovery, the @entity0 were fed an endophyte-free diet for 5 d. During the following 5-d treatment period, @entity0 were fed either an endophyte-free or an endophyte-infected (91.5 microg of ergovaline.kg of BW(-1).d(-1)) diet. At the end of treatment, @entity0 were euthanized and a sample of the liver was obtained. Feed conversion efficiency was calculated for both treatment groups. Serum prolactin concentrations were measured using ELISA. Liver tissue RNA was reverse transcribed and hybridized to an oligonucleotide microarray chip. Microarray data were analyzed using a 2-step ANOVA model and validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Significant reductions in mean core temperature, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, BW, liver weight per unit of BW, and serum prolactin concentrations were observed in endophyte-infected @entity0 . There was downregulation (P < 0.05) of various genes associated with energy metabolism, growth and development, and antioxidant protection, as well as an upregulation of genes associated with gluconeogenesis, detoxification, and biotransformation. This study demonstrated that even short-term exposure of @entity0 to @entity2 endophytic toxins under thermoneutral conditions can result in physiological responses associated with altered gene expression within the liver.

title: Genomic analysis of the impact of fescue XXXX on hepatic function.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Radiotherapy and surgery are the most important treatment modalities for the majority of @entity1 . Because of high efficacy and better organ preservation radiotherapy is generally preferred for early and intermediate stage of the disease. Some of @entity0 with more locally advanced @entity1 can still be cured by means of radiotherapy, but we have not got reliable prognostics factors for predicting radiocurability. THE AIM OF MY STUDY: was to investigate the value of @entity3 and @entity2 expression for predicting clinical outcomes of @entity1 @entity0 treated with radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study included 50 @entity0 with @entity1 treated in Department of Radiotherapy of Silesian Oncology Center between the years 1998 and 2003. Paraffin sections from archival material were studied immunohistochemically for detection @entity3 and @entity2 and correlated with clinical parameters and @entity1 control and @entity0 survival. RESULTS: Accumulation of @entity3 and @entity2 were detected in 65% and 50% of @entity1 respectively. No relationship was observed between immunostaining for investigated proteins and clinicopathologic factors. The @entity4 @entity1 stage was the most significant prognostic factor for local control and overall survival. @entity3 was favorable prognostic factor with 5-years disease free survival rate 82% for @entity0 @entity3 -positive and 75% for @entity3 -negative @entity0 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The @entity4 @entity1 stage is the most important prognostic factor for @entity1 . Tumors accumulating @entity3 have better prognosis what indicates possibly role for @entity3 immunohistochemical analysis for predicting outcomes of radiotherapy in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: [Relation between @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and XXXX expression and radiocurability of laryngeal squamous cell cancer].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Radiotherapy and surgery are the most important treatment modalities for the majority of @entity1 . Because of high efficacy and better organ preservation radiotherapy is generally preferred for early and intermediate stage of the disease. Some of @entity0 with more locally advanced @entity1 can still be cured by means of radiotherapy, but we have not got reliable prognostics factors for predicting radiocurability. THE AIM OF MY STUDY: was to investigate the value of @entity3 and @entity2 expression for predicting clinical outcomes of @entity1 @entity0 treated with radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study included 50 @entity0 with @entity1 treated in Department of Radiotherapy of Silesian Oncology Center between the years 1998 and 2003. Paraffin sections from archival material were studied immunohistochemically for detection @entity3 and @entity2 and correlated with clinical parameters and @entity1 control and @entity0 survival. RESULTS: Accumulation of @entity3 and @entity2 were detected in 65% and 50% of @entity1 respectively. No relationship was observed between immunostaining for investigated proteins and clinicopathologic factors. The @entity4 @entity1 stage was the most significant prognostic factor for local control and overall survival. @entity3 was favorable prognostic factor with 5-years disease free survival rate 82% for @entity0 @entity3 -positive and 75% for @entity3 -negative @entity0 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The @entity4 @entity1 stage is the most important prognostic factor for @entity1 . Tumors accumulating @entity3 have better prognosis what indicates possibly role for @entity3 immunohistochemical analysis for predicting outcomes of radiotherapy in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: [Relation between XXXX ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 expression and radiocurability of laryngeal squamous cell cancer].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Radiotherapy and surgery are the most important treatment modalities for the majority of @entity1 . Because of high efficacy and better organ preservation radiotherapy is generally preferred for early and intermediate stage of the disease. Some of @entity0 with more locally advanced @entity1 can still be cured by means of radiotherapy, but we have not got reliable prognostics factors for predicting radiocurability. THE AIM OF MY STUDY: was to investigate the value of @entity3 and @entity2 expression for predicting clinical outcomes of @entity1 @entity0 treated with radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study included 50 @entity0 with @entity1 treated in Department of Radiotherapy of Silesian Oncology Center between the years 1998 and 2003. Paraffin sections from archival material were studied immunohistochemically for detection @entity3 and @entity2 and correlated with clinical parameters and @entity1 control and @entity0 survival. RESULTS: Accumulation of @entity3 and @entity2 were detected in 65% and 50% of @entity1 respectively. No relationship was observed between immunostaining for investigated proteins and clinicopathologic factors. The @entity4 @entity1 stage was the most significant prognostic factor for local control and overall survival. @entity3 was favorable prognostic factor with 5-years disease free survival rate 82% for @entity0 @entity3 -positive and 75% for @entity3 -negative @entity0 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The @entity4 @entity1 stage is the most important prognostic factor for @entity1 . Tumors accumulating @entity3 have better prognosis what indicates possibly role for @entity3 immunohistochemical analysis for predicting outcomes of radiotherapy in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: [Relation between @entity2 ( XXXX ) and @entity3 expression and radiocurability of laryngeal squamous cell cancer].

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a rare @entity10 , which often requires long-term corticosteroid treatment. Locally acting @entity8 could replace systemic @entity3 therapy and reduce @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity7 . AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity1 of @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity7 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Clinical and histological data from @entity0 with @entity7 who received @entity8 were analyzed. @entity7 was defined as villous @entity2 in spite of a strict gluten-free diet persisting for >6 months or requiring earlier therapeutic intervention. RESULTS: We identified 9 @entity0 (1 with @entity9 , 4 with @entity7 type I without and 3 with @entity7 type II with signs of early @entity6 and 1 with @entity4 -positive sprue-like @entity6 ), who received 9 mg/day of @entity8 (range 6-12) for 24 months (1-60), and 7 of whom had an initial treatment with 40 mg/day of @entity5 (30-60) for 4 months (1-144). The initial body mass index was 18 (13.1-22.8) and increased similarly under @entity5 [21.5 (14.9-26.7), p < 0.05] and @entity8 therapy [21 (18-27.2), p < 0.05]. The stool frequency per day also decreased similarly from 6 (2-8) to 2 (1-3) and 2 (1-5), each p < 0.05, under @entity5 and @entity8 therapy, respectively. Two @entity0 with @entity7 type II did not respond and 7, including all 4 with @entity7 type I, were clinically stable with @entity8 therapy. @entity11 in 1 @entity0 was the only adverse effect of @entity8 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 may be an effective treatment option in @entity0 with @entity7 type I, which can stabilize the clinical condition similar to @entity5 .

title: Therapy with XXXX in @entity0 with refractory sprue.

answer: @entity8


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a rare @entity10 , which often requires long-term corticosteroid treatment. Locally acting @entity8 could replace systemic @entity3 therapy and reduce @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity7 . AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity1 of @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity7 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Clinical and histological data from @entity0 with @entity7 who received @entity8 were analyzed. @entity7 was defined as villous @entity2 in spite of a strict gluten-free diet persisting for >6 months or requiring earlier therapeutic intervention. RESULTS: We identified 9 @entity0 (1 with @entity9 , 4 with @entity7 type I without and 3 with @entity7 type II with signs of early @entity6 and 1 with @entity4 -positive sprue-like @entity6 ), who received 9 mg/day of @entity8 (range 6-12) for 24 months (1-60), and 7 of whom had an initial treatment with 40 mg/day of @entity5 (30-60) for 4 months (1-144). The initial body mass index was 18 (13.1-22.8) and increased similarly under @entity5 [21.5 (14.9-26.7), p < 0.05] and @entity8 therapy [21 (18-27.2), p < 0.05]. The stool frequency per day also decreased similarly from 6 (2-8) to 2 (1-3) and 2 (1-5), each p < 0.05, under @entity5 and @entity8 therapy, respectively. Two @entity0 with @entity7 type II did not respond and 7, including all 4 with @entity7 type I, were clinically stable with @entity8 therapy. @entity11 in 1 @entity0 was the only adverse effect of @entity8 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 may be an effective treatment option in @entity0 with @entity7 type I, which can stabilize the clinical condition similar to @entity5 .

title: Therapy with @entity8 in XXXX with refractory sprue.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: This study was conducted as a feasibility pilot for the Risk stratification Of @entity2 in the Emergency department (ROSE) study. The secondary aim was to compare the performance of our existing @entity1 ( @entity1 ) guidelines with existing clinical decision rules (Osservatorio Epidemiologico sulla Sincope nel Lazio (OESIL) Score and San Francisco @entity2 Rule; SFSR) at predicting short-term (1 week and 1 month) and medium-term (3 months) serious outcomes for @entity0 with @entity2 presenting to the @entity1 . METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study. All @entity0 presenting with @entity2 aged > or = 16 years between 7 November 2005 and 7 February 2006 were prospectively enrolled. RESULTS: 99 @entity0 were recruited over a 3-month period. 44 @entity0 were admitted and 55 discharged from the @entity1 . 11 @entity0 had a serious outcome: 8 by 7 days and a further 3 by 3 months. Five @entity0 died by 3 months and six others had an alternative serious outcome. All 11 @entity0 had been admitted from the @entity1 , 7 were at high risk, 4 were at medium risk and none were at low risk according to our existing @entity1 guidelines. Percentages of serious outcomes were 0%, 2.9%, 8.0%, 22.7% and 37.5% for OESIL scores of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. 40 @entity0 had none of the 5 SFSR high-risk factors (0 serious outcomes = 0%) and 59 @entity0 had an SFSR high-risk factor (11 serious outcomes = 18.6%). The risk of serious outcome at 7 days, 1 month and 3 months was 8.1%, 8.1% and 11.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A study to derive and validate a UK @entity1 @entity2 clinical decision rule is feasible. This pilot study has evaluated the OESIL score, the SFSR and our existing @entity1 guidelines, and has shown that each is able to identify an increased probability of medium-term serious outcome in @entity0 with @entity2 . The SFSR shows good sensitivity at the expense of an increase in admissions to hospital; however, our existing @entity2 and the OESIL Score, although being able to successfully risk stratify @entity0 , are not sufficiently sensitive to be able to reduce admissions without missing @entity0 at risk of a serious outcome. Undoubtedly there is a need for a simple UK-derived clinical decision rule for @entity0 presenting with @entity2 to enable safe, effective clinical care and to aid less experienced decision makers.

title: The Risk stratification Of XXXX in the Emergency department (ROSE) pilot study: a comparison of existing @entity2 guidelines.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: This study was conducted as a feasibility pilot for the Risk stratification Of @entity2 in the Emergency department (ROSE) study. The secondary aim was to compare the performance of our existing @entity1 ( @entity1 ) guidelines with existing clinical decision rules (Osservatorio Epidemiologico sulla Sincope nel Lazio (OESIL) Score and San Francisco @entity2 Rule; SFSR) at predicting short-term (1 week and 1 month) and medium-term (3 months) serious outcomes for @entity0 with @entity2 presenting to the @entity1 . METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study. All @entity0 presenting with @entity2 aged > or = 16 years between 7 November 2005 and 7 February 2006 were prospectively enrolled. RESULTS: 99 @entity0 were recruited over a 3-month period. 44 @entity0 were admitted and 55 discharged from the @entity1 . 11 @entity0 had a serious outcome: 8 by 7 days and a further 3 by 3 months. Five @entity0 died by 3 months and six others had an alternative serious outcome. All 11 @entity0 had been admitted from the @entity1 , 7 were at high risk, 4 were at medium risk and none were at low risk according to our existing @entity1 guidelines. Percentages of serious outcomes were 0%, 2.9%, 8.0%, 22.7% and 37.5% for OESIL scores of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. 40 @entity0 had none of the 5 SFSR high-risk factors (0 serious outcomes = 0%) and 59 @entity0 had an SFSR high-risk factor (11 serious outcomes = 18.6%). The risk of serious outcome at 7 days, 1 month and 3 months was 8.1%, 8.1% and 11.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A study to derive and validate a UK @entity1 @entity2 clinical decision rule is feasible. This pilot study has evaluated the OESIL score, the SFSR and our existing @entity1 guidelines, and has shown that each is able to identify an increased probability of medium-term serious outcome in @entity0 with @entity2 . The SFSR shows good sensitivity at the expense of an increase in admissions to hospital; however, our existing @entity2 and the OESIL Score, although being able to successfully risk stratify @entity0 , are not sufficiently sensitive to be able to reduce admissions without missing @entity0 at risk of a serious outcome. Undoubtedly there is a need for a simple UK-derived clinical decision rule for @entity0 presenting with @entity2 to enable safe, effective clinical care and to aid less experienced decision makers.

title: The Risk stratification Of @entity2 in the Emergency department (ROSE) pilot study: a comparison of existing XXXX guidelines.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital for vertigo, @entity4 and @entity5 at the end of July, 2001. Under a diagnosis of @entity10 and right @entity1 , she underwent a resection of @entity10 on August 7, 2001. The histopathological diagnosis was " @entity6 ". @entity1 was doubted as for the origin, however, she did not want further examination. The @entity0 was given 2 courses of postoperative chemotherapy ( @entity7 +VNR) and radiotherapy (50 Gy), and discharged. @entity8 treatment was begun in September, 2002 at her request. The @entity3 marker was not elevated, and the @entity3 size on CT showed the tendency toward some reduction. Close examination including PET revealed no @entity2 . The @entity0 then underwent right upper lobectomy ( @entity9 2 a) on October 8, 2004 at her request. Histopathologically, psammoma body existed but no @entity3 cells nor lymph node @entity2 . It seemed that there was a complete response by @entity8 after 3 years.

title: [A case of complete response in a primary lesion treated by @entity8 for two years after surgery of brain @entity2 from XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital for vertigo, @entity4 and @entity5 at the end of July, 2001. Under a diagnosis of @entity10 and right @entity1 , she underwent a resection of @entity10 on August 7, 2001. The histopathological diagnosis was " @entity6 ". @entity1 was doubted as for the origin, however, she did not want further examination. The @entity0 was given 2 courses of postoperative chemotherapy ( @entity7 +VNR) and radiotherapy (50 Gy), and discharged. @entity8 treatment was begun in September, 2002 at her request. The @entity3 marker was not elevated, and the @entity3 size on CT showed the tendency toward some reduction. Close examination including PET revealed no @entity2 . The @entity0 then underwent right upper lobectomy ( @entity9 2 a) on October 8, 2004 at her request. Histopathologically, psammoma body existed but no @entity3 cells nor lymph node @entity2 . It seemed that there was a complete response by @entity8 after 3 years.

title: [A case of complete response in a primary lesion treated by @entity8 for two years after surgery of brain XXXX from @entity1 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital for vertigo, @entity4 and @entity5 at the end of July, 2001. Under a diagnosis of @entity10 and right @entity1 , she underwent a resection of @entity10 on August 7, 2001. The histopathological diagnosis was " @entity6 ". @entity1 was doubted as for the origin, however, she did not want further examination. The @entity0 was given 2 courses of postoperative chemotherapy ( @entity7 +VNR) and radiotherapy (50 Gy), and discharged. @entity8 treatment was begun in September, 2002 at her request. The @entity3 marker was not elevated, and the @entity3 size on CT showed the tendency toward some reduction. Close examination including PET revealed no @entity2 . The @entity0 then underwent right upper lobectomy ( @entity9 2 a) on October 8, 2004 at her request. Histopathologically, psammoma body existed but no @entity3 cells nor lymph node @entity2 . It seemed that there was a complete response by @entity8 after 3 years.

title: [A case of complete response in a primary lesion treated by XXXX for two years after surgery of brain @entity2 from @entity1 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity2 is the most common @entity1 in @entity0 . Encouraging results are emerging in @entity2 risk reduction with @entity5 (5AR) inhibitors. The @entity2 Prevention Trial (PCPT) showed that @entity2 risk is reduced by @entity3 . However, there was an increase in the incidence of high-grade @entity2 with @entity3 treatment vs placebo. The number of cases should have increased during the study in the @entity3 group with the length of exposure to the drug. But, in fact the ratio between the two groups was lower during the fourth year. This therefore favours the hypothesis of a bias in the results. There are many hypotheses to explain the increase in the prevalence of high-grade @entity1 with @entity3 therapy. The effects of @entity3 on prostate volume rather than on the @entity1 's morphology and a selective inhibition of low-grade @entity1 may have contributed to the increase the number of high-grade @entity1 with @entity3 in the PCPT. Despite the current trend to explain the increase of high-grade @entity1 with @entity3 therapy by a detection bias, other studies underline the potential role of low levels of @entity4 in the genesis of high-grade @entity1 . In May 2008, a re-analysis of the PCPT results showed a significant decrease of 30% in the overall risk of @entity2 in the @entity3 group vs the placebo group, but it also found a statistically non-significant and less important increase of the prevalence of high-grade @entity1 in the @entity3 group. However, the 5AR isoenzyme type 1 is present at higher rates than type 2 in high-grade @entity1 . Thus, @entity3 is probably not the ideal drug to prevent high-grade @entity1 .

title: High-grade XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is the most common @entity1 in @entity0 . Encouraging results are emerging in @entity2 risk reduction with @entity5 (5AR) inhibitors. The @entity2 Prevention Trial (PCPT) showed that @entity2 risk is reduced by @entity3 . However, there was an increase in the incidence of high-grade @entity2 with @entity3 treatment vs placebo. The number of cases should have increased during the study in the @entity3 group with the length of exposure to the drug. But, in fact the ratio between the two groups was lower during the fourth year. This therefore favours the hypothesis of a bias in the results. There are many hypotheses to explain the increase in the prevalence of high-grade @entity1 with @entity3 therapy. The effects of @entity3 on prostate volume rather than on the @entity1 's morphology and a selective inhibition of low-grade @entity1 may have contributed to the increase the number of high-grade @entity1 with @entity3 in the PCPT. Despite the current trend to explain the increase of high-grade @entity1 with @entity3 therapy by a detection bias, other studies underline the potential role of low levels of @entity4 in the genesis of high-grade @entity1 . In May 2008, a re-analysis of the PCPT results showed a significant decrease of 30% in the overall risk of @entity2 in the @entity3 group vs the placebo group, but it also found a statistically non-significant and less important increase of the prevalence of high-grade @entity1 in the @entity3 group. However, the 5AR isoenzyme type 1 is present at higher rates than type 2 in high-grade @entity1 . Thus, @entity3 is probably not the ideal drug to prevent high-grade @entity1 .

title: High-grade @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact of establishing walk-in centres alongside @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on attendance rates, visit duration, process, costs and outcome of care. METHODS: Eight hospitals with co-located @entity1 and walk-in centres were compared with eight matched @entity1 without walk-in centres. Site visits were conducted. Routine data about attendance numbers and use of resources were analysed. A random sample of records of @entity0 attending before and after the opening of walk-in centres was also assessed. @entity0 who had not been admitted to hospital were sent a postal questionnaire. RESULTS: At most sites, the walk-in centres did not have a distinct identity and there were few differences in the way services were provided compared with control sites. Overall, there was no evidence of an increase in attendance at sites with walk-in centres, but considerable variability across sites was found. The proportion of @entity0 managed within the 4 h National Health Service target improved at sites both with and without walk-in centres. There was no evidence of any difference in reconsultation rates, costs of care or @entity0 outcomes at sites with or without walk-in centres. CONCLUSIONS: Most hospitals in this study implemented the walk-in centre concept to a very limited extent. Consequently, there was no evidence of any effect on attendance rates, process, costs or outcome of care.

title: The impact of co-located NHS walk-in centres on XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Perioperative @entity4 is common and adversely affects clinical outcomes due to its effect on a range of homeostatic functions. Many of these adverse consequences are preventable by the use of warming techniques. A literature search was conducted to identify relevant published articles on perioperative @entity4 and warming. The databases searched include MEDLINE (1966 to February 2005), EMBASE (1974 to February 2005), CINAHL, the Cochrane library and the health technology assessment database. Reference lists of key articles were also searched. The primary beneficial effects of warming are mediated through increased blood flow and @entity1 tension at tissue level. @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity2 with warming is promising. However, more evidence from good-quality prospective randomised controlled trials is needed to evaluate the role of warming in improving overall morbidity, mortality and hospital stay as well as to clarify its role as an adjunct to resuscitation and during the pre-hospital transport phase of critically ill @entity0 . Awareness of the risks of perioperative @entity4 is the key to prevention. Achieving normothermia throughout the @entity0 's journey is a worthwhile goal in surgical @entity0 .

title: Effects of perioperative XXXX and warming in surgical practice.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with metastatic and muscle-invasive @entity1 are commonly treated with @entity2 . A significant proportion of @entity0 develop disease progression after an initial response to chemotherapy. Presently there is no standard of care for such @entity0 . We examined whether pretreatment with an epigenetic agent would result in reversal of drug resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Methylation of proapoptotic and cell cycle genes in @entity1 cells was examined. @entity2 - and @entity4 -resistant cells were generated. The effect of target of methylation-induced silencing ( @entity3 ) expression and pretreatment of wild-type and drug-resistant cells with @entity5 on chemosensitivity was determined. RESULTS: Unidirectional crossresistance of @entity2 -resistant UMUC3 cells to @entity4 was observed. Recombinant expression of @entity3 or pre-treatment of wild-type and drug-resistant cells with @entity5 resulted in enhanced sensitivity to @entity2 and @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that epigenetic therapy may restore sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents in @entity1 cells.

title: XXXX reverses drug resistance in @entity1 cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with metastatic and muscle-invasive @entity1 are commonly treated with @entity2 . A significant proportion of @entity0 develop disease progression after an initial response to chemotherapy. Presently there is no standard of care for such @entity0 . We examined whether pretreatment with an epigenetic agent would result in reversal of drug resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Methylation of proapoptotic and cell cycle genes in @entity1 cells was examined. @entity2 - and @entity4 -resistant cells were generated. The effect of target of methylation-induced silencing ( @entity3 ) expression and pretreatment of wild-type and drug-resistant cells with @entity5 on chemosensitivity was determined. RESULTS: Unidirectional crossresistance of @entity2 -resistant UMUC3 cells to @entity4 was observed. Recombinant expression of @entity3 or pre-treatment of wild-type and drug-resistant cells with @entity5 resulted in enhanced sensitivity to @entity2 and @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that epigenetic therapy may restore sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents in @entity1 cells.

title: @entity5 reverses drug resistance in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells that can indefinitely grow in vitro. They are derived from the inner mass of early embryos. Because of their ability to differentiate into all three embryonic germ layers, and finally into specialized somatic cell types, @entity0 embryonic stem cells represent important material for studying developmental biology and cell replacement therapy. They are usually isolated from excess @entity0 @entity4 . Since many @entity0 regard isolation of @entity0 stem cells as intentional killing of the embryo, it is a very difficult ethical problem. Similar feelings concern medical or scientific use of these stem cells. Is this feeling correct, or does it arise from a sentimental view? The problem encloses two aspects: (i) use of stem cells for medical therapy and scientific research and (ii) isolation of stem cells from @entity0 @entity4 . Worldwide @entity0 tissues are cultured, transplanted and used for medical and scientific research. Therefore, it may be concluded that factual use of @entity0 embryonic stem cells cannot be a real ethical problem. The main key of the problem seems to be hidden in the exact definition of ' @entity1 '; in other words: is there nothing between ' @entity1 ' and 'life'? Bacterial spores, lyophilised bacteria and other micro-organisms, micro-organisms stored in @entity2 mixtures at -80 degrees C and tissue cultures and sperm cells stored in liquid @entity3 , they are all neither dead nor alive, but still viable. From this point it is clear that there is more than the antithesis 'dead' versus 'alive'. In addition, we think that there is still another alternative: partial @entity1 . The present view concerning isolation of stem cells implies that residual embryos and thus new @entity0 lives are killed, and that therefore these embryos must be (passively) destroyed. However, it is especially the very well planned IVF-procedure that makes that passive destruction of not-implanted embryos means intentional killing. By isolation of stem cells embryos are not fully killed: at least one embryonic cell, i.e., a stem cell, remains alive. The life of stem cells cannot be qualified as independent. Nevertheless, the embryo's life is not completely stopped and continues in a primitive way of life and consequently it is not completely dead. Against this background we feel that isolation of @entity0 embryonic stem cells is preferred instead of passive destruction.

title: Stem cells from residual XXXX - Continuation of life justifies isolation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Diagnosing @entity1 would facilitate referral for specialist pharmacological review and early consideration of @entity1 surgery. An outcomes study was undertaken in an unselected cohort of newly diagnosed @entity0 to determine the number of antiepileptic drug (AED) regimens needed to be failed before the @entity1 could be designated as pharmacoresistant. Between July 1982 and May 2001, 780 adolescents and adults prescribed their first AED at the Western Infirmary in Glasgow, Scotland provided longitudinal data suitable for analysis. Overall, 504 (64.6%) @entity0 became @entity2 free for at least 12 months. Of these, 462 (59.2%) remained in remission, while 42 (5.4%) relapsed and subsequently developed @entity1 . The relapse rate peaked at 10.4% after 8 years of follow-up. The other 276 (35.4%) @entity0 were uncontrolled from the outset. Prognosis appeared better in seniors (85% remission, P < 0.001) and adolescents (65% remission, P < 0.01) than in the remainder of the population (55% remission). Overall response rates with the first, second and third treatment schedules were 50.4, 10.7 and 2.7%, respectively, with only 0.8% @entity0 responding optimally to further drug trials. @entity0 not tolerating at least one AED schedule did better than those failing because of lack of efficacy. These data suggest that suitable @entity0 failing two AED regimens should be referred for @entity1 surgery. Those who do not attain long-term @entity2 freedom with the first three treatment schedules are likely to have @entity1 .

title: Diagnosing XXXX : response to sequential treatment schedules.

answer: @entity1