abstract: BACKGROUND: Quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging is increasingly used for the diagnosis of @entity3 . Quantitative perfusion imaging allows to noninvasively calculate fractional flow reserve (FFR). This so-called relative flow reserve (RFR) is defined as the ratio of @entity2 flow ( @entity2 ) in a stenotic area to hyperemic @entity2 in a normal perfused area. The aim of this study was to assess the value of RFR in the detection of significant @entity3 . METHODS AND RESULTS: From a clinical population of @entity0 with suspected @entity3 who underwent @entity1 -15-labeled water cardiac positron emission tomography and invasive coronary angiography, 92 @entity0 with single- or 2-vessel disease were included. Intermediate lesions (diameter stenosis, 30%-90%; n=75) were interrogated by FFR. Thirty-eight (41%) vessels were deemed hemodynamically significant (>90% stenosis or FFR  <=0.80). Hyperemic @entity2 , coronary flow reserve, and RFR were lower for vessels with a hemodynamically significant lesion (2.01  0.78 versus 2.90  1.16 mL  @entity4 )  g(-1); P<0.001, 2.27  1.03 versus 3.10  1.29; P<0.001, and 0.67  0.23 versus 0.93  0.15; P<0.001, respectively). The correlation between RFR and FFR was moderate (r=0.54; P<0.01). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.82 for RFR, which was not significantly higher compared with that for hyperemic @entity2 and coronary flow reserve (0.76; P=0.32 and 0.72; P=0.08, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive estimation of FFR by quantitative perfusion positron emission tomography by calculating RFR is feasible, yet only a trend toward a slight improvement of diagnostic accuracy compared with hyperemic @entity2 assessment was determined.

title: Relative Flow Reserve Derived From Quantitative Perfusion Imaging May Not Outperform Stress Myocardial Blood Flow for Identification of Hemodynamically Significant XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effect of African leafy vegetable ( @entity3 ) consumption on Fe, Zn and @entity2 status in @entity0 . DESIGN: @entity0 were randomly allocated to receive either a 300 g cooked @entity3 dish and school meal starch (n 86) or the normal school meal (n 81) five times per week for three months. @entity3 in the dish consisted mainly of Amaranthus cruentus (at least 80 %) and the remainder of Cleome gynandra, Cucurbita maxima or @entity4 . Nutrient content and consumer acceptance of the @entity3 dish were also determined. SETTING: North West Province, South Africa. SUBJECTS: Grade R to grade 4 @entity0 (6-12 years old) of two farm schools. RESULTS: The @entity3 dish contributed 11  6-15  8 mg Fe and 1  4-3  7 mg Zn. At baseline, prevalence of deficiencies in the intervention group was 16  0 %, 16  3 %, 7  0 % and 75  6 %, respectively, for @entity1 (Hb<11  5 g/dl), Fe (serum ferritin<15   g/l), @entity2 (serum @entity2 <20  g/dl) and Zn (serum Zn<65  g/dl); and in the control group 10  5 %, 18  5 %, 2  5 % and 75  3 %, respectively. No significant estimated intervention effect was found. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized controlled trial showed that @entity3 were unable to improve serum @entity2 , serum ferritin or Hb if there are only mild deficiencies present. Furthermore, despite the low Zn status in the study population, @entity3 consumption did not improve serum Zn concentrations either.

title: Effect of African leafy vegetables on the micronutrient status of mildly deficient farm-school XXXX in South Africa: a randomized controlled study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial with 2-year follow-up. OBJECTIVE: To compare the cost-effectiveness of X-stop to minimally invasive decompression in @entity0 with symptomatic @entity2 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Lumbar spinal stenosis is the most common indication for operative treatment in elderly. Although surgery is more costly than nonoperative treatment, health outcomes for more than 2 years were shown to be significantly better. Surgical treatment with minimally invasive decompression is widely used. X-stop is introduced as another minimally invasive technique showing good results compared with nonoperative treatment. METHODS: We enrolled 96 @entity0 aged 50 to 85 years, with symptoms of neurogenic intermittent claudication within 250-m walking distance and 1- or 2-level @entity2 , randomized to either minimally invasive decompression or X-stop. Quality-adjusted life-years were based on EuroQol EQ-5D. The hospital unit costs were estimated by means of the top-down approach. Each cost unit was converted into a monetary value by dividing the overall cost by the amount of cost units produced. The analysis of costs and health outcomes is presented by the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. RESULTS: The study was terminated after a midway interim analysis because of significantly higher reoperation rate in the X-stop group (33%). The incremental cost for X-stop compared with minimally invasive decompression was _OV0556;2832 (95% confidence interval: 1886-3778), whereas the @entity1 was 0.11 quality-adjusted life-year (95% confidence interval: -0.01 to 0.23). Based on the incremental cost and effect, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was _OV0556;25,700. CONCLUSION: The majority of the bootstrap samples displayed in the northeast corner of the cost-effectiveness plane, giving a 50% likelihood that X-stop is cost-effective at the extra cost of _OV0556;25,700 (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio) for a quality-adjusted life-year. The significantly higher cost of X-stop is mainly due to implant cost and the significantly higher reoperation rate. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2.

title: Comparing Cost-effectiveness of X-Stop With Minimally Invasive Decompression in XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A multinational hospital-based case-control study of the risk of @entity3 associated with combined @entity9 ( @entity8 ) done in 1989-93 prompted a separate inquiry comparing the risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) associated with low @entity7 (< 35 micrograms @entity5 ) @entity8 containing @entity6 with risks in low @entity7 preparations containing the third-generation @entity11 @entity10 or @entity4 . This analysis of data from 9 countries, involved 769 cases and 1979 age matched hospital controls and, in one centre, 246 community controls matched on age and general practice. 137 cases and 203 controls were current users of @entity6 (odds ratio [OR with 95% confidence interval] 3.5 [2.6-4.7]), with non-users as the reference; 35 cases and 28 controls were current users of @entity10 (9.1 [4.9-17.0]), and 36 cases and 28 controls were current users of @entity4 (9.1 [4.9-16.7]). The ratios of these risks, compared with @entity6 , were 2.6 (1.4-4.8) for both products separately. Risk estimates adjusted for body mass index (BMI) were 3.4, 7.3, and 10.2 for @entity6 , @entity10 , and @entity4 , respectively, compared with non-users, and 2.2 and 3.0 for @entity10 and @entity4 , respectively, compared with @entity6 . 48 (68%) cases and 48 (86%) controls exposed to @entity10 or @entity4 were from the UK (Oxford region). In this centre risk estimates compared with non-users, adjusted for BMI, were 2.6, 5.3, and 5.7 for @entity6 , @entity10 , and @entity4 , respectively. Current users of low @entity7 dose combined @entity8 containing @entity10 or @entity4 appear to be at higher risk of @entity3 than users of combined @entity8 containing @entity6 . The possibility that these unexpected results on a secondary study objective are due to chance, bias, or residual confounding cannot be excluded entirely and the results need to be confirmed by independent studies. They are at variance with the apparently more favourable metabolic effects of the newer @entity11 . Whether the new @entity11 are associated with lower risk of @entity1 ( @entity0 and @entity2 ) must be evaluated further.

title: Effect of different @entity11 in low @entity7 oral contraceptives on XXXX . World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A multinational hospital-based case-control study of the risk of @entity3 associated with combined @entity9 ( @entity8 ) done in 1989-93 prompted a separate inquiry comparing the risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) associated with low @entity7 (< 35 micrograms @entity5 ) @entity8 containing @entity6 with risks in low @entity7 preparations containing the third-generation @entity11 @entity10 or @entity4 . This analysis of data from 9 countries, involved 769 cases and 1979 age matched hospital controls and, in one centre, 246 community controls matched on age and general practice. 137 cases and 203 controls were current users of @entity6 (odds ratio [OR with 95% confidence interval] 3.5 [2.6-4.7]), with non-users as the reference; 35 cases and 28 controls were current users of @entity10 (9.1 [4.9-17.0]), and 36 cases and 28 controls were current users of @entity4 (9.1 [4.9-16.7]). The ratios of these risks, compared with @entity6 , were 2.6 (1.4-4.8) for both products separately. Risk estimates adjusted for body mass index (BMI) were 3.4, 7.3, and 10.2 for @entity6 , @entity10 , and @entity4 , respectively, compared with non-users, and 2.2 and 3.0 for @entity10 and @entity4 , respectively, compared with @entity6 . 48 (68%) cases and 48 (86%) controls exposed to @entity10 or @entity4 were from the UK (Oxford region). In this centre risk estimates compared with non-users, adjusted for BMI, were 2.6, 5.3, and 5.7 for @entity6 , @entity10 , and @entity4 , respectively. Current users of low @entity7 dose combined @entity8 containing @entity10 or @entity4 appear to be at higher risk of @entity3 than users of combined @entity8 containing @entity6 . The possibility that these unexpected results on a secondary study objective are due to chance, bias, or residual confounding cannot be excluded entirely and the results need to be confirmed by independent studies. They are at variance with the apparently more favourable metabolic effects of the newer @entity11 . Whether the new @entity11 are associated with lower risk of @entity1 ( @entity0 and @entity2 ) must be evaluated further.

title: Effect of different @entity11 in low XXXX oral contraceptives on @entity3 . World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception.

answer: @entity7


abstract: A multinational hospital-based case-control study of the risk of @entity3 associated with combined @entity9 ( @entity8 ) done in 1989-93 prompted a separate inquiry comparing the risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) associated with low @entity7 (< 35 micrograms @entity5 ) @entity8 containing @entity6 with risks in low @entity7 preparations containing the third-generation @entity11 @entity10 or @entity4 . This analysis of data from 9 countries, involved 769 cases and 1979 age matched hospital controls and, in one centre, 246 community controls matched on age and general practice. 137 cases and 203 controls were current users of @entity6 (odds ratio [OR with 95% confidence interval] 3.5 [2.6-4.7]), with non-users as the reference; 35 cases and 28 controls were current users of @entity10 (9.1 [4.9-17.0]), and 36 cases and 28 controls were current users of @entity4 (9.1 [4.9-16.7]). The ratios of these risks, compared with @entity6 , were 2.6 (1.4-4.8) for both products separately. Risk estimates adjusted for body mass index (BMI) were 3.4, 7.3, and 10.2 for @entity6 , @entity10 , and @entity4 , respectively, compared with non-users, and 2.2 and 3.0 for @entity10 and @entity4 , respectively, compared with @entity6 . 48 (68%) cases and 48 (86%) controls exposed to @entity10 or @entity4 were from the UK (Oxford region). In this centre risk estimates compared with non-users, adjusted for BMI, were 2.6, 5.3, and 5.7 for @entity6 , @entity10 , and @entity4 , respectively. Current users of low @entity7 dose combined @entity8 containing @entity10 or @entity4 appear to be at higher risk of @entity3 than users of combined @entity8 containing @entity6 . The possibility that these unexpected results on a secondary study objective are due to chance, bias, or residual confounding cannot be excluded entirely and the results need to be confirmed by independent studies. They are at variance with the apparently more favourable metabolic effects of the newer @entity11 . Whether the new @entity11 are associated with lower risk of @entity1 ( @entity0 and @entity2 ) must be evaluated further.

title: Effect of different XXXX in low @entity7 oral contraceptives on @entity3 . World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception.

answer: @entity11


abstract: Mitochondrial mutants of the green alga @entity3 that are inactivated in the cytochrome pathway of respiration have previously been isolated. Despite the fact that the alternative oxidase pathway is still active the mutants have lost the capacity to grow heterotrophically (dark + @entity1 ) and display reduced growth under mixotrophic conditions (light + @entity1 ). In crosses between wild-type and mutant cells, the meiotic progeny only inherit the character transmitted by the mt- parent, which indicates that the mutations are located in the 15.8 kb linear mitochondrial genome. Two new mutants (dum-18 and dum-19) have now been isolated and characterized genetically, biochemically and at the molecular level. In addition, two previously isolated mutants (dum-11 and dum-15) were characterized in more detail. dum-11 contains two types of deleted mitochondrial DNA molecules: 15.1 kb monomers lacking the subterminal part of the genome, downstream of codon 147 of the apocytochrome b ( @entity4 ) gene, and dimers resulting from head-to-head fusion of asymmetrically deleted monomers (15.1 and 9.5 kb DNA molecules, respectively). As in the wild type, the three other mutants contain only 15.8 kb mitochondrial DNA molecules. dum-15 is mutated at codon 140 of the @entity4 gene, a @entity0 (TCT) being changed into a @entity2 (TAC). dum-18 and dum-19 both inactivate cytochrome c oxidase, as a result of frameshift mutations (addition or deletion of 1 bp) at codons 145 and 152, respectively, of the @entity5 gene encoding subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase. In a total of ten respiratory deficient mitochondrial mutants characterized thus far, only mutations located in @entity4 or @entity5 have been isolated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Mutations affecting the mitochondrial genes encoding the cytochrome oxidase subunit I and apocytochrome b of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 production in primary @entity2 is typically interpreted as evidence for biliary differentiation. However, we have observed benign and malignant @entity2 that have abundant extracellular myxoid/mucinous material, yet have only evidence of hepatocellular differentiation. To further characterize these unusual findings, 9 cases were identified and further studied. Four cases were @entity7 , whereas 5 were @entity3 . Extracellular myxoid/mucinous material was diffuse in 7 cases and patchy in 2 cases. The extracellular myxoid/mucinous material was typically weakly @entity8 positive (N=6) and Alcian blue positive (N=8). All @entity1 were well differentiated, and none had evidence for biliary differentiation by morphology or immunohistochemistry. The @entity7 arose in nondiabetic and nonobese @entity0 . Both the hepatic @entity9 were strongly and diffusely HepPar1 positive, @entity6 negative, and showed loss of @entity10 protein expression. These findings indicate that extracellular myxoid/mucinous material in isolation should not be interpreted as @entity4 . Furthermore, the unique morphology, the clinical characteristics, and the immunophenotype results suggest that myxoid @entity7 and @entity3 may be unique @entity1 variants.

title: Primary Hepatic Tumors With Myxoid Change: Morphologically Unique Hepatic XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Context     LifeWave Energy Enhancer (LEE) patches (LifeWave Corp, San Diego, CA, USA) on skin produce some changes that are consistent with increased energy production, but little is known about their effects on @entity1 concentrations or the peripheral circulation. Objective     The study intended to assess the effects of LEE patches on salivary @entity1 , peripheral circulation, and psychological measures on healthy adults. Methods     A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized pilot study was performed. Setting/Location     Measurements were made in the laboratory at Mind-Body-Science (Tucson, AZ, USA). @entity0 collected some of the saliva samples at work or home. @entity0     To obtain pilot data, 20 healthy individuals with no chronic conditions were recruited-5 males and 15 females-aged 30-69 y. Intervention     @entity0 completed baseline psychological questionnaires and provided saliva samples for hormonal analysis. The next day, fingertip microvascular perfusion was measured, LEE or placebo patches were applied to @entity0 ' wrists, and perfusion scans were repeated, first immediately after and then 10 min after application of the patch. Saliva samples were collected, and questionnaires were completed. @entity0 returned at noon and 4:00 PM for further scans, and at the end of that time, the patches were removed. The protocol was repeated the following day using new patches. Outcome Measures     The research team analyzed the saliva samples for levels of @entity1 and measured the percentage changes in cutaneous microvascular perfusion. The @entity0 completed the energy visual analog scales (eVASs) and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability survey. Results     After the first patch application, the active group showed significantly higher @entity1 concentrations than the placebo group, both at noon-2.39    0.17 ng/mL vs 2.15    0.27 (P = .0360), respectively-and at 4:00 PM- 2.02    0.24 vs 1.67    0.31 (P = .0155), respectively. No consistent changes occurred in perfusion. The eVAS score decreased significantly compared with baseline in the placebo group but not in the active group. Conclusion     @entity1 concentrations and eVAS scores showed significant differences between groups, which is consistent with the patches increasing energy production, warranting further testing.

title: Effects of Energy Enhancer Patches on XXXX Production, Peripheral Circulation, and Psychological Measures: A Pilot Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Severe @entity1 can be associated with significant @entity2 and impaired organ perfusion. We hypothesized that goal-directed therapy would confer morbidity and mortality benefits in major @entity1 . METHODS: The MedLine, Embase and Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register databases were systematically searched for randomized, controlled trials of goal-directed therapy in severe @entity1 @entity0 . Mortality was the primary outcome of this review. Secondary outcomes included complication rates, length of hospital and intensive care unit stay, and the volume of fluid and blood administered. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan software, and the data presented are as odds ratios for dichotomous outcomes and as mean differences (MDs) and standard MDs for continuous outcomes. RESULTS: Four randomized, controlled trials including 419 @entity0 were analyzed. Mortality risk was significantly reduced in goal-directed therapy-treated @entity0 , compared to the control group(OR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.34-0.92). Intensive care ( @entity3 : 3.7 days 95%CI: 1.06-6.5)and hospital length of stay ( @entity3 : 3.5 days,95%CI: 2.75-4.25) were significantly shorter in the protocol group @entity0 .There were no differences in reported total fluid volume or blood transfusions administered. Heterogeneity in reporting among the studies prevented quantitative analysis of complications. CONCLUSION: Following severe @entity1 , early goal-directed therapy was associated with lower mortality and shorter durations of intensive care unit and hospital stays. The findings of this analysis should be interpreted with caution due to the presence of significant heterogeneity and the small number of the

title: Hemodynamic optimization in severe XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Several dentifrices that contain @entity2 are currently being marketed. The increased use of bleaching agents containing (or generating) @entity3 prompted this review of the safety of @entity3 when used in oral hygiene. Daily exposure to the low levels of @entity3 present in dentifrices is much lower than that of bleaching agents that contain or produce high levels of @entity3 for an extended period of time. @entity2 has been used in dentistry alone or in combination with salts for over 70 years. Studies in which 3% @entity3 or less were used daily for up to 6 years showed occasional transitory irritant effects only in a small number of subjects with preexisting @entity4 , or when high levels of salt solutions were concurrently administered. In contrast, bleaching agents that employ or generate high levels of @entity3 or organic @entity7 can produce localized oral @entity1 following sustained exposure if mishandled. Potential health concerns related to prolonged @entity2 use have been raised, based on animal studies. From a single study using the hamster cheek pouch model, 30% @entity3 was referred to as a @entity8 . This (and later) studies have shown that at 3% or less, no cocarcinogenic activity or adverse effects were observed in the hamster cheek pouch following lengthy exposure to @entity3 . In @entity0 , prolonged use of @entity2 decreased plaque and @entity6 indices. However, therapeutic delivery of @entity3 to prevent @entity5 required mechanical access to @entity9 . Furthermore, wound healing following gingival surgery was enhanced due to the antimicrobial effects of topically administered @entity2 . For most subjects, beneficial effects were seen with @entity3 levels above 1%.

title: XXXX : a review of its use in dentistry.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Previous trials to assess the efficacy of lumbar traction for back @entity1 have been methodologically flawed. To avoid these shortcomings, we conducted a randomised controlled trial in which high-dose traction was compared with sham traction. The sham traction was given with a specially developed brace that tightens in the back during traction. To the @entity0 , the experience is that of traction. The @entity0 and outcome assessor were blinded for the assigned treatment. 151 @entity0 with at least six weeks of non-specific @entity2 were randomised. Intention to treat analysis showed no differences between the groups on all outcome measures ( @entity0 ' global perceived effect, severity of main complaints, functional status and @entity1 ); all 95% confidence intervals included the value zero. The number of withdrawals from treatment, loss to follow-up, and protocol deviations was low. Consequently, the per-protocol analysis showed results similar to the intention to treat analysis. Subgroup analyses did not show any group for which traction might seem promising. Our data do not support the claim that traction is effective for @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Efficacy of traction for non-specific XXXX : a randomised clinical trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 and @entity7 , which are used for sedation during @entity8 , were compared to evaluate the differences in efficacy, hemodynamics, and side effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty @entity0 aged between 18 and 80 were randomly assigned to two groups according to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification: Group M received @entity5 with an initial bolus infusion of 0.04 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.), followed by additional doses of 0.5 mg i.v. @entity5 , titrated to achieve a Ramsay sedation scale score of 3-4. Group D received @entity7 with an initial bolus infusion of 1 mcg/kg/hr i.v. over 10 minutes, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.2-0.7 mcg/kg/hr, titrated to achieve an @entity6 of 3-4. A @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was performed prior to sedation and in the recovery room once the Modified Aldrete Score (MAS) reached 9-10. @entity0 heart rates, arterial pressure and @entity1 were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity0 in Group D had lower heart rates at 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 minutes following the initiation of sedation (p<0.05). There was no statistical difference in arterial pressure, @entity6 , @entity4 or respiratory rate between the two groups. Coughing, @entity2 and @entity3 occurred in 3 @entity0 in Group M (12%), whereas no @entity0 in Group D experienced these symptoms. The procedure elicited a gag response in 7 @entity0 in Group M (28%) and in 4 @entity0 in Group D (16%), with no significant difference between groups (p>0.05). When @entity0 and surgeon satisfaction was compared between the two groups, Group D showed higher surgeon satisfaction scores (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of @entity7 for conscious sedation during short, invasive procedures, such as @entity8 , could be a superior alternative to the use of @entity5 .

title: Conscious sedation for @entity8 : XXXX versus @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 and @entity7 , which are used for sedation during @entity8 , were compared to evaluate the differences in efficacy, hemodynamics, and side effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty @entity0 aged between 18 and 80 were randomly assigned to two groups according to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification: Group M received @entity5 with an initial bolus infusion of 0.04 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.), followed by additional doses of 0.5 mg i.v. @entity5 , titrated to achieve a Ramsay sedation scale score of 3-4. Group D received @entity7 with an initial bolus infusion of 1 mcg/kg/hr i.v. over 10 minutes, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.2-0.7 mcg/kg/hr, titrated to achieve an @entity6 of 3-4. A @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was performed prior to sedation and in the recovery room once the Modified Aldrete Score (MAS) reached 9-10. @entity0 heart rates, arterial pressure and @entity1 were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity0 in Group D had lower heart rates at 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 minutes following the initiation of sedation (p<0.05). There was no statistical difference in arterial pressure, @entity6 , @entity4 or respiratory rate between the two groups. Coughing, @entity2 and @entity3 occurred in 3 @entity0 in Group M (12%), whereas no @entity0 in Group D experienced these symptoms. The procedure elicited a gag response in 7 @entity0 in Group M (28%) and in 4 @entity0 in Group D (16%), with no significant difference between groups (p>0.05). When @entity0 and surgeon satisfaction was compared between the two groups, Group D showed higher surgeon satisfaction scores (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of @entity7 for conscious sedation during short, invasive procedures, such as @entity8 , could be a superior alternative to the use of @entity5 .

title: Conscious sedation for XXXX : @entity7 versus @entity5 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 and @entity7 , which are used for sedation during @entity8 , were compared to evaluate the differences in efficacy, hemodynamics, and side effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty @entity0 aged between 18 and 80 were randomly assigned to two groups according to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification: Group M received @entity5 with an initial bolus infusion of 0.04 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.), followed by additional doses of 0.5 mg i.v. @entity5 , titrated to achieve a Ramsay sedation scale score of 3-4. Group D received @entity7 with an initial bolus infusion of 1 mcg/kg/hr i.v. over 10 minutes, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.2-0.7 mcg/kg/hr, titrated to achieve an @entity6 of 3-4. A @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was performed prior to sedation and in the recovery room once the Modified Aldrete Score (MAS) reached 9-10. @entity0 heart rates, arterial pressure and @entity1 were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity0 in Group D had lower heart rates at 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 minutes following the initiation of sedation (p<0.05). There was no statistical difference in arterial pressure, @entity6 , @entity4 or respiratory rate between the two groups. Coughing, @entity2 and @entity3 occurred in 3 @entity0 in Group M (12%), whereas no @entity0 in Group D experienced these symptoms. The procedure elicited a gag response in 7 @entity0 in Group M (28%) and in 4 @entity0 in Group D (16%), with no significant difference between groups (p>0.05). When @entity0 and surgeon satisfaction was compared between the two groups, Group D showed higher surgeon satisfaction scores (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of @entity7 for conscious sedation during short, invasive procedures, such as @entity8 , could be a superior alternative to the use of @entity5 .

title: Conscious sedation for @entity8 : @entity7 versus XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The etiology and the pathogenesis of the chronic @entity2 known as @entity3 and @entity4 have not been defined. Therefore, in this study the main emphasis was placed on description of the pathologic anatomy. Disturbed blood supply and @entity6 have been discussed as etiopathogenetic factors. The results in the literature are frequently contradictory. For this reason, the vascular system of the colon in @entity3 and @entity4 was systematically examined by means of various morphological methods in this study. Microvascular corrosion casting and translucent specimens were taken from operative specimens taken from 12 @entity0 with @entity3 and 8 with @entity4 . For comparison, @entity1 -free parts of 6 @entity7 specimens were examined. The evaluation was done by scanning electron- and/or stereoscopic microscopy. In the presence of chronic @entity2 , caliber differences in the tunica muscularis and rarefaction of the penetrating blood vessels were found. In summary, an @entity5 in the tunica muscularis can be postulated. For the first time, the resulting @entity8 has been described, in contrast to the previously described disturbed arterial blood supply.

title: [Angio-architecture of the colon in Crohn disease and XXXX . Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies with reference to the morphology of the healthy large intestine].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Overweight and @entity1 are common health problems among adolescents. This study was set up to evaluate these problems and certain socio-demographic-related factors among three ethnic groups as represented by primary school @entity0 in northern Iran in 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study performed on 7433 students (Fars-native=3268, Turkman=2852, Sisstani=1313) from 112 schools in urban and rural areas. The schools and students were chosen by cluster and stratified sampling. The data were collected by interviewers for all samples throughout the study. Overweight and @entity1 were identified on the basis of the BMI cut-off Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) values (in excess of the 85(th) and 95(th) percentiles, respectively). SPSS 16.0 software for Windows was used for the analysis. RESULTS: Linear regression analyses revealed that weight, height and BMI increased by 2.70 kg, 4.62 cm and 0.42 kgm(-2), respectively, in @entity0 (p=0.001) and 3.12 kg, 5.19 cm and 0.52 kgm(-2), respectively, in @entity0 (p=0.001) for each year increase in age. In total, overweight was identified in 8.4% of those studied, while @entity1 was common in 14.1% of students. The rates of overweight and @entity1 were significantly different among all three ethnic groups (p=0.001). These rates were higher among the Fars-native individuals and lower among the Sisstani individuals as compared with the other groups. Logistic regression analyses showed that the risk of overweight and @entity1 was 2.104 (1.769-2.502, CI: 95%)-fold greater in the Fars-native as compared with the Sisstanish ethnic group and 2.297 (1.911-2.761, CI 95)-fold greater in the good economic group as compared with the poor economic group. CONCLUSION: One out of seven primary school @entity0 in northern Iran suffers from @entity1 and overweight, although the rates differed among the three ethnic groups examined. This study emphasizes the importance of public health training about @entity1 for @entity0 , especially those living in urban areas and those from high-income families.

title: Ethnic differences in body mass index, weight and height among school XXXX in the north of iran.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of skin substitutes upon angiogenesis during wound healing is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To compare the angiogenic response in acute cutaneous @entity0 wounds treated with autogenic, allogenic and xenogenic skin substitutes to those left to heal by secondary intention. METHODS: On day 0, four 5mm full-thickness punch biopsies were harvested from fifty healthy volunteers (sites 1-4). In all cases, site 1 healed by secondary intention (control), site 2 was treated with collagen-GAG scaffold (CG), cadaveric decellularised dermis (DCD) was applied to site 3, whilst excised tissue was re-inserted into site 4 (autograft). Depending on study group allocation, healing tissue from sites 1-4 was excised on day 7, 14, 21 or 28. All specimens were bisected, with half used in histological and immunohistochemical evaluation whilst extracted RNA from the remainder enabled whole genome microarrays and qRT-PCR of highlighted angiogenesis-related genes. All wounds were serially imaged over 6 weeks using laser-doppler imaging and spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis. RESULTS: Inherent structural differences between skin substitutes influenced the distribution and organisation of capillary networks within regenerating dermis. Haemoglobin flux (p = 0.0035), @entity2 concentration (p = 0.0005), and vessel number derived from CD31-based immunohistochemistry (p = 0.046) were significantly greater in DCD wounds at later time points. This correlated with time-matched increases in mRNA expression of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (p = 0.021) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Corroborating evidence from invasive and non-invasive modalities demonstrated that treatment with @entity1 resulted in increased angiogenesis after wounding. Significantly elevated mRNA expression of pro-angiogenic @entity3 and extracellular matrix protease @entity4 seen only in the DCD group may contribute to observed responses.

title: Acute Cutaneous Wounds Treated with XXXX Decellularised Dermis Show Enhanced Angiogenesis during Healing.

answer: @entity0


abstract: (1) @entity9 were isolated from @entity0 liver capsule by extraction with 2m- @entity6 followed by precipitation from 0.8m- @entity6 with @entity7 . @entity8 was eliminated by digestion with hyaluronidase. The yield of heparin was approx. 40% of that obtained after extraction of the papain-digested tissue. (2) The macromolecular properties of the hyaluronidase-digested polysaccharide were studied by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200 of the intact, as well as of the alkali-degraded, material. The results suggested the presence of single heparin chains in addition to a dermatan @entity2 proteoglycan. (3) A purified heparin preparation was analysed for @entity3 and neutral @entity4 . Xylose, @entity5 and @entity1 were found in amounts corresponding to 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 residue/polysaccharide chain (mol.wt. 7400), respectively. It is suggested that the isolated material had been degraded by a polysaccharidase with endo-enzyme properties.

title: Attempted isolation of a heparin proteoglycan from XXXX liver capsule.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a novel @entity3 with broad spectrum pre-clinical activity and was chosen for study in @entity0 with incurable @entity2 . The expenses associated with investigational treatment have been assumed to be more than what would occur with conventional therapy, however, data are limited. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 were treated with @entity5 . @entity5 was administered as a 72 hour continuous infusion at 2.0 mg/M2/hour. A cost analysis of treatment was calculated for @entity0 treated in Springfield, MO. RESULTS: There were no responses (0%, 95% confidence interval = 0-15%) and median survival was 8 months. An analysis of the cost of treatment in the 4 @entity0 treated in Springfield, MO, was compared to the costs of treatment with 4 cycles of @entity1 and @entity4 . There were no significant differences in costs for @entity0 treated with the investigational agent as compared with conventional chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 has no demonstrable activity in @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 . Treatment with this agent in an investigational setting was no more expensive than treatment with conventional chemotherapy.

title: Phase II trial and cost analysis of @entity5 in advanced XXXX : a Southwest Oncology Group study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a novel @entity3 with broad spectrum pre-clinical activity and was chosen for study in @entity0 with incurable @entity2 . The expenses associated with investigational treatment have been assumed to be more than what would occur with conventional therapy, however, data are limited. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 were treated with @entity5 . @entity5 was administered as a 72 hour continuous infusion at 2.0 mg/M2/hour. A cost analysis of treatment was calculated for @entity0 treated in Springfield, MO. RESULTS: There were no responses (0%, 95% confidence interval = 0-15%) and median survival was 8 months. An analysis of the cost of treatment in the 4 @entity0 treated in Springfield, MO, was compared to the costs of treatment with 4 cycles of @entity1 and @entity4 . There were no significant differences in costs for @entity0 treated with the investigational agent as compared with conventional chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 has no demonstrable activity in @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 . Treatment with this agent in an investigational setting was no more expensive than treatment with conventional chemotherapy.

title: Phase II trial and cost analysis of XXXX in advanced @entity2 : a Southwest Oncology Group study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this prospective study was to test whether the treatment of @entity1 with open reduction and dorsal plate fixation would have the same or better functional outcomes as treatment with standard trans-articular screw fixation. METHODS: Sixty @entity0 with primarily isolated @entity1 were treated by open reduction and dorsal plate fixation or standard screw fixation. The @entity0 were followed on average for 31 months. Evaluation was performed with @entity0 ' chief complaint, clinical examination, radiography, and AOFAS Midfoot Scale. RESULTS: Thirty two @entity0 were treated with open reduction and dorsal plate fixation, and twenty eight @entity0 were treated with open reduction and screw fixation. After two years follow-up, the mean AOFAS Midfoot score was 83.1 points in the dorsal plate fixation group and 78.5 points in the screw fixation group (p<0.01). Of the dorsal plate fixation group, radiographic analysis revealed anatomic reduction in twenty-nine @entity0 (90.6%, 29/32) and nonanatomic reduction in three @entity0 . Of the screw fixation group, radiographic analysis revealed anatomic reduction in twenty-three @entity0 and nonanatomic reduction in five @entity0 (82.1%, 23/28). CONCLUSIONS: Open reduction and dorsal plate fixation for a dislocated @entity1 do have better short and median term outcome and a lower reoperation rate than standard screw ORIF. In our experience, we recommend using dorsal plate in ORIF on dislocated @entity1 . Level of Evidence II, Prospective Comparative Study.

title: Outcome comparison of XXXX treated through dorsal plate fixation versus screw fixation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity8 formation characterized by neovascularization is a prominent pathologic finding in both @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity0 @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity7 is a T-cell-dependent process induced by immunization of inbred LOU @entity0 with native type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. @entity11 is a highly specific inhibitor of new blood vessel formation by its effects on endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and capillary tube formation. @entity2 ( @entity5 ) is an immunomodulating agent that inhibits @entity9 and other cytokine production involved in early antigen activation of T-cells. In this study the effects of single and combination therapy with @entity11 (27 mg/kg alternate days) and low-dose @entity5 (4 mg/kg/day continuous infusion via osmotic pump) on established @entity7 (total n = 62) were examined. At Day 18 post @entity4 onset, clinical @entity4 was significantly reduced in @entity0 treated with single-agent @entity11 (1.88 +/- 0.33) or combination therapy (1.13 +/- 0.32) (P < 0.00001 and 0.000001, respectively) versus control. Single-agent @entity5 -treated @entity0 , even if given @entity5 beginning on the day of immunization, did not attenuate @entity4 severity. THe @entity4 score of combination-treated @entity0 was significantly lower than that of @entity0 receiving @entity11 (P < 0.0001), reflecting a more moderate early disease course in combination-treated @entity0 . Disease severity in @entity0 treated with single-agent @entity5 was not significantly different from control @entity0 . Mean WBC counts, differentials, and @entity1 responses were similar in all groups. CII antibody levels were lower in @entity11 protocols compared to @entity5 or controls. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph nodes demonstrated decreased levels of @entity12 + cells in @entity0 given @entity5 . @entity6 levels remained elevated, even in treated @entity0 , while @entity10 levels were reduced in @entity0 receiving @entity11 compared to both arthritic controls and naive @entity0 . Both single-agent and combination therapies were well tolerated. This is the first study to examine the effects of @entity11 together with @entity5 . Combination therapy was more effective than single-agent therapy. The results suggest that the use of interventions with distinct mechanisms of action may be efficacious in the treatment of @entity3 .

title: Suppression of @entity7 by an angiogenesis inhibitor, @entity11 , in combination with XXXX : reduction of @entity10 ( @entity10 ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity8 formation characterized by neovascularization is a prominent pathologic finding in both @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity0 @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity7 is a T-cell-dependent process induced by immunization of inbred LOU @entity0 with native type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. @entity11 is a highly specific inhibitor of new blood vessel formation by its effects on endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and capillary tube formation. @entity2 ( @entity5 ) is an immunomodulating agent that inhibits @entity9 and other cytokine production involved in early antigen activation of T-cells. In this study the effects of single and combination therapy with @entity11 (27 mg/kg alternate days) and low-dose @entity5 (4 mg/kg/day continuous infusion via osmotic pump) on established @entity7 (total n = 62) were examined. At Day 18 post @entity4 onset, clinical @entity4 was significantly reduced in @entity0 treated with single-agent @entity11 (1.88 +/- 0.33) or combination therapy (1.13 +/- 0.32) (P < 0.00001 and 0.000001, respectively) versus control. Single-agent @entity5 -treated @entity0 , even if given @entity5 beginning on the day of immunization, did not attenuate @entity4 severity. THe @entity4 score of combination-treated @entity0 was significantly lower than that of @entity0 receiving @entity11 (P < 0.0001), reflecting a more moderate early disease course in combination-treated @entity0 . Disease severity in @entity0 treated with single-agent @entity5 was not significantly different from control @entity0 . Mean WBC counts, differentials, and @entity1 responses were similar in all groups. CII antibody levels were lower in @entity11 protocols compared to @entity5 or controls. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph nodes demonstrated decreased levels of @entity12 + cells in @entity0 given @entity5 . @entity6 levels remained elevated, even in treated @entity0 , while @entity10 levels were reduced in @entity0 receiving @entity11 compared to both arthritic controls and naive @entity0 . Both single-agent and combination therapies were well tolerated. This is the first study to examine the effects of @entity11 together with @entity5 . Combination therapy was more effective than single-agent therapy. The results suggest that the use of interventions with distinct mechanisms of action may be efficacious in the treatment of @entity3 .

title: Suppression of @entity7 by an angiogenesis inhibitor, XXXX , in combination with @entity2 : reduction of @entity10 ( @entity10 ).

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity8 formation characterized by neovascularization is a prominent pathologic finding in both @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity0 @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity7 is a T-cell-dependent process induced by immunization of inbred LOU @entity0 with native type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. @entity11 is a highly specific inhibitor of new blood vessel formation by its effects on endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and capillary tube formation. @entity2 ( @entity5 ) is an immunomodulating agent that inhibits @entity9 and other cytokine production involved in early antigen activation of T-cells. In this study the effects of single and combination therapy with @entity11 (27 mg/kg alternate days) and low-dose @entity5 (4 mg/kg/day continuous infusion via osmotic pump) on established @entity7 (total n = 62) were examined. At Day 18 post @entity4 onset, clinical @entity4 was significantly reduced in @entity0 treated with single-agent @entity11 (1.88 +/- 0.33) or combination therapy (1.13 +/- 0.32) (P < 0.00001 and 0.000001, respectively) versus control. Single-agent @entity5 -treated @entity0 , even if given @entity5 beginning on the day of immunization, did not attenuate @entity4 severity. THe @entity4 score of combination-treated @entity0 was significantly lower than that of @entity0 receiving @entity11 (P < 0.0001), reflecting a more moderate early disease course in combination-treated @entity0 . Disease severity in @entity0 treated with single-agent @entity5 was not significantly different from control @entity0 . Mean WBC counts, differentials, and @entity1 responses were similar in all groups. CII antibody levels were lower in @entity11 protocols compared to @entity5 or controls. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph nodes demonstrated decreased levels of @entity12 + cells in @entity0 given @entity5 . @entity6 levels remained elevated, even in treated @entity0 , while @entity10 levels were reduced in @entity0 receiving @entity11 compared to both arthritic controls and naive @entity0 . Both single-agent and combination therapies were well tolerated. This is the first study to examine the effects of @entity11 together with @entity5 . Combination therapy was more effective than single-agent therapy. The results suggest that the use of interventions with distinct mechanisms of action may be efficacious in the treatment of @entity3 .

title: Suppression of XXXX by an angiogenesis inhibitor, @entity11 , in combination with @entity2 : reduction of @entity10 ( @entity10 ).

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity8 formation characterized by neovascularization is a prominent pathologic finding in both @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity0 @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity7 is a T-cell-dependent process induced by immunization of inbred LOU @entity0 with native type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. @entity11 is a highly specific inhibitor of new blood vessel formation by its effects on endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and capillary tube formation. @entity2 ( @entity5 ) is an immunomodulating agent that inhibits @entity9 and other cytokine production involved in early antigen activation of T-cells. In this study the effects of single and combination therapy with @entity11 (27 mg/kg alternate days) and low-dose @entity5 (4 mg/kg/day continuous infusion via osmotic pump) on established @entity7 (total n = 62) were examined. At Day 18 post @entity4 onset, clinical @entity4 was significantly reduced in @entity0 treated with single-agent @entity11 (1.88 +/- 0.33) or combination therapy (1.13 +/- 0.32) (P < 0.00001 and 0.000001, respectively) versus control. Single-agent @entity5 -treated @entity0 , even if given @entity5 beginning on the day of immunization, did not attenuate @entity4 severity. THe @entity4 score of combination-treated @entity0 was significantly lower than that of @entity0 receiving @entity11 (P < 0.0001), reflecting a more moderate early disease course in combination-treated @entity0 . Disease severity in @entity0 treated with single-agent @entity5 was not significantly different from control @entity0 . Mean WBC counts, differentials, and @entity1 responses were similar in all groups. CII antibody levels were lower in @entity11 protocols compared to @entity5 or controls. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph nodes demonstrated decreased levels of @entity12 + cells in @entity0 given @entity5 . @entity6 levels remained elevated, even in treated @entity0 , while @entity10 levels were reduced in @entity0 receiving @entity11 compared to both arthritic controls and naive @entity0 . Both single-agent and combination therapies were well tolerated. This is the first study to examine the effects of @entity11 together with @entity5 . Combination therapy was more effective than single-agent therapy. The results suggest that the use of interventions with distinct mechanisms of action may be efficacious in the treatment of @entity3 .

title: Suppression of @entity7 by an angiogenesis inhibitor, @entity11 , in combination with @entity2 : reduction of XXXX ( @entity10 ).

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity8 formation characterized by neovascularization is a prominent pathologic finding in both @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity0 @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity7 is a T-cell-dependent process induced by immunization of inbred LOU @entity0 with native type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. @entity11 is a highly specific inhibitor of new blood vessel formation by its effects on endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and capillary tube formation. @entity2 ( @entity5 ) is an immunomodulating agent that inhibits @entity9 and other cytokine production involved in early antigen activation of T-cells. In this study the effects of single and combination therapy with @entity11 (27 mg/kg alternate days) and low-dose @entity5 (4 mg/kg/day continuous infusion via osmotic pump) on established @entity7 (total n = 62) were examined. At Day 18 post @entity4 onset, clinical @entity4 was significantly reduced in @entity0 treated with single-agent @entity11 (1.88 +/- 0.33) or combination therapy (1.13 +/- 0.32) (P < 0.00001 and 0.000001, respectively) versus control. Single-agent @entity5 -treated @entity0 , even if given @entity5 beginning on the day of immunization, did not attenuate @entity4 severity. THe @entity4 score of combination-treated @entity0 was significantly lower than that of @entity0 receiving @entity11 (P < 0.0001), reflecting a more moderate early disease course in combination-treated @entity0 . Disease severity in @entity0 treated with single-agent @entity5 was not significantly different from control @entity0 . Mean WBC counts, differentials, and @entity1 responses were similar in all groups. CII antibody levels were lower in @entity11 protocols compared to @entity5 or controls. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph nodes demonstrated decreased levels of @entity12 + cells in @entity0 given @entity5 . @entity6 levels remained elevated, even in treated @entity0 , while @entity10 levels were reduced in @entity0 receiving @entity11 compared to both arthritic controls and naive @entity0 . Both single-agent and combination therapies were well tolerated. This is the first study to examine the effects of @entity11 together with @entity5 . Combination therapy was more effective than single-agent therapy. The results suggest that the use of interventions with distinct mechanisms of action may be efficacious in the treatment of @entity3 .

title: Suppression of @entity7 by an angiogenesis inhibitor, @entity11 , in combination with @entity2 : reduction of @entity10 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity10


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a coexisting internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity3 on lesion volumes as well as diffusion and perfusion parameters in acute @entity2 resulting from @entity4 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging data of 32 @entity0 with @entity4 with or without additional ICA @entity3 imaged within 4.5   h of symptom onset were analyzed. Both groups consisted of 16 @entity0 . Acute diffusion lesions were semi-automatically segmented in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) MRI datasets. Perfusion maps of cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow, mean transit time and T max were calculated using perfusion-weighted MRI datasets. Tissue-at-risk (TAR) volumes were generated by subtracting the ADC lesion from the hypoperfusion lesion defined by T max >6   s. Median ADC and perfusion parameter values were extracted separately for the diffusion lesion and TAR and used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the groups regarding the diffusion lesion and TAR volumes. Statistical analysis of diffusion and perfusion parameters revealed CBV as the only parameter with a significant difference (p   =   0.009) contributing a small effect (  (2)   =   0.11) to the group comparison with higher CBV values for the @entity0 group with a coexisting ICA @entity3 , while no significant effects were found for the other diffusion and perfusion parameters analyzed. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that a coexisting ICA @entity3 does not have a strong effect on tissue status or perfusion parameters in @entity1 @entity0 except for a moderate elevation of CBV. This may reflect improved collateral circulation or ischemic preconditioning in @entity0 with a pre-existing proximal @entity3 balancing impaired perfusion from the @entity3 .

title: Impact of Severe Extracranial ICA Stenosis on MRI Perfusion and Diffusion Parameters in Acute XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is a global health problem with short- and long-term health consequences. This systematic review presents a summary of the experiences on different family-, school-, and clinic-based interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus scientific databases. We included those studies conducted among @entity1 individuals aged up to 18 years. Our search yielded 105 relevant papers, 70 of them were conducted as high quality clinical trials. RESULTS: Our findings propose that school-based programs can have long-term effects in a large target group. This can be related to this fact that @entity0 spend a considerable part of their time in school, and adopt some parts of lifestyle there. They have remarkable consequences on health behaviors, but as there are some common limitations, their effects on anthropometric measures are not clear. Due to the crucial role of parents in development of @entity0 's behaviors, family-based interventions are reported to have successful effects in some aspects; but selection bias and high dropout rate can confound their results. Clinic-based interventions revealed favorable effects. They include dietary or other lifestyle changes like increasing physical activity or behavior therapy. It seems that a comprehensive intervention including diet and exercise are more practical. When they have different designs, results are controversial. CONCLUSION: We suggest that among different types of interventional programs, a multidisciplinary approach in schools in which @entity0 's family are involved, can be the best and most sustainable approach for management of childhood @entity1 .

title: Controlling childhood XXXX : A systematic review on strategies and challenges.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess possible effects of @entity3 on ventricular function. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of @entity0 referred for echocardiographic examination to assess ventricular function. SETTING: Tertiary referral center for cardiac and @entity2 equipped with invasive and noninvasive facilities. @entity0 : Thirty-four @entity0 with clinical diagnosis of @entity3 , aged 49 +/- 12 years; 24 had @entity4 and 10 did not. There were 21 normal controls of similar age. MEASUREMENTS: Two-dimensional guided M-mode echocardiographic recordings of the left ventricular minor and long axis at the left and septal sites and right ventricle were obtained. Transmitral and transtricuspid Doppler flow velocities were also obtained with ECG and phonocardiogram. RESULTS: In 24 @entity0 with @entity4 , long-axis excursion was reduced 2.1 +/- 0.5 vs 2.7 +/- 0.4 cm/s as was peak rate of shortening and lengthening, 8.5 +/- 3.3 vs 10.8 +/- 2.4 cm/s and 7.5 +/- 2.5 vs 12 +/- 3.6 cm/s, respectively (p < 0.001), at the right side compared with 10 @entity0 without. The onset of right long-axis shortening and lengthening was delayed with respect to the Q wave of the ECG and P2 of the phonocardiogram (p < 0.001 in both vs controls). The onset of tricuspid forward flow from the second heart sound was also delayed in the two groups, 110 +/- 15 ms and 100 +/- 20 ms vs 80 +/- 15 ms, respectively (p < 0.001). Right ventricular late diastolic filling velocities were increased 35 +/- 15 and 35 +/- 12 cm/s vs 20 +/- 10 cm/s in both groups (p < 0.01), and hence E:A ratio reduced 1.25 +/- 0.5 and 1.4 +/- 0.3 vs 1.9 +/- 0.4, respectively (p < 0.001). Pulmonary flow acceleration time was reduced only in @entity0 with @entity4 , 105 +/- 30 ms vs 125 +/- 30 ms (p < 0.001). At the left side, total long-axis excursion was reduced only in @entity0 with @entity4 (p < 0.01), while peak shortening and lengthening rates were reduced in both groups (p < 0.05). The onset of shortening from the Q wave and lengthening from the second heart sound were both delayed in the two groups with the latter greatly delayed in @entity0 with @entity4 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Right and left ventricular long-axis function is frequently abnormal in @entity0 with @entity3 . Abnormalities are more profound in @entity0 with CT evidence of @entity4 than in those without. We suggest that these disturbances are due to @entity1 which, from the anatomic distribution of longitudinally directed fibers, is likely to have been subendocardial.

title: Abnormal ventricular long-axis function in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The thresholds of the diagnostic procedures performed to diagnose ICU-acquired @entity1 (IAP) are either speculated or incompletely tested. PURPOSE: To evaluate the best threshold of protected specimen brush (PSB), plugged telescoping catheter (PTC), BAL culture (BAL C), and direct examination of cytocentrifugated lavage fluid (BAL D) to diagnose IAP. Each mechanically ventilated @entity0 with suspected IAP underwent bronchoscopy successively with PSB, PTC, and BAL in the lung segment identified radiographically. POPULATION: One hundred twenty-two episodes of suspected IAP (occurring in 26% of all mechanically ventilated @entity0 ) were studied. Forty-five @entity0 had definite IAP, and 58 had no IAP. Diagnosis was uncertain in 19 cases. RESULTS: Using the classic thresholds, sensitivity was 67% for PSB, 54% for PTC, 59% for BAL D, and 77% for BAL C. Specificity was 88% for PSB, 77% for PTC, 98% for BAL D, and 77% for BAL C. We used receiver operating characteristics methods to reappraise thresholds. Decreasing the thresholds to 500 cfu/mL for PSB, 10(2) cfu/mL for @entity2 % cells containing bacteria for BAL D, 4 x 10(3) cfu/mL for BAL C increased the sensitivities (plus 14%, 23%, 25%, 10%, respectively) and moderately decreased the specificities (minus 4%, 9%, 2%, 4%, respectively) of the four examinations. The association of PSB with a 500 cfu/mL threshold and BAL D with a 2% threshold recovered all but one episode of @entity1 (SE 96 +/- 4%) with a 84 +/- 10% specificity. For a similar ICU population, these "best" thresholds increased negative predictive value with a minimal decrease of positive predictive value. They need to be confirmed in multiple ICU settings in prospective fashion.

title: Reappraisal of distal diagnostic testing in the diagnosis of ICU-acquired XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To relate changes in fractional anisotropy associated with @entity2 to measures of apathy and disinhibition. BACKGROUND: Apathy and disinhibition are the 2 most common behavioral features of @entity2 , and these symptoms are associated with accelerated @entity0 decline and caregiver stress. However, little is known about how @entity1 contributes to these symptoms. METHODS: We collected neuropsychiatric data, volumetric magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging in 11 @entity0 who met published criteria for @entity2 and had an autopsy-validated cerebrospinal fluid profile consistent with @entity3 . We also collected imaging data on 34 healthy seniors for analyses defining regions of disease in the @entity0 . We calculated and analyzed fractional anisotropy with a white matter tract-specific method. This approach uses anatomically guided data reduction to increase sensitivity, and localizes results within canonically defined tracts. We used nonparametric, cluster-based statistical analysis to relate fractional anisotropy to neuropsychiatric measures of apathy and disinhibition. RESULTS: The @entity0 with @entity2 had widespread reductions in fractional anisotropy in anterior portions of frontal and temporal white matter, compared to the controls. Fractional anisotropy correlated with @entity4 in the right corona radiata. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity2 , apathy and disinhibition are associated with distinct regions of @entity1 . The implicated fiber tracts likely support frontotemporal networks that are involved in goal-directed behavior.

title: XXXX contributes to apathy and disinhibition in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To relate changes in fractional anisotropy associated with @entity2 to measures of apathy and disinhibition. BACKGROUND: Apathy and disinhibition are the 2 most common behavioral features of @entity2 , and these symptoms are associated with accelerated @entity0 decline and caregiver stress. However, little is known about how @entity1 contributes to these symptoms. METHODS: We collected neuropsychiatric data, volumetric magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging in 11 @entity0 who met published criteria for @entity2 and had an autopsy-validated cerebrospinal fluid profile consistent with @entity3 . We also collected imaging data on 34 healthy seniors for analyses defining regions of disease in the @entity0 . We calculated and analyzed fractional anisotropy with a white matter tract-specific method. This approach uses anatomically guided data reduction to increase sensitivity, and localizes results within canonically defined tracts. We used nonparametric, cluster-based statistical analysis to relate fractional anisotropy to neuropsychiatric measures of apathy and disinhibition. RESULTS: The @entity0 with @entity2 had widespread reductions in fractional anisotropy in anterior portions of frontal and temporal white matter, compared to the controls. Fractional anisotropy correlated with @entity4 in the right corona radiata. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity2 , apathy and disinhibition are associated with distinct regions of @entity1 . The implicated fiber tracts likely support frontotemporal networks that are involved in goal-directed behavior.

title: @entity1 contributes to apathy and disinhibition in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective   Eloquent diffuse low-grade @entity2 (LGGs) threaten @entity0 ' neurologic function and are also associated with inferior survival. Many neurosurgeons still refrain from early resection due to the fear of iatrogenic @entity3 . However, the perceived safety of expectant management strategies may soon be overshadowed by the progressive @entity1 growth in eloquent regions. It is also known that radical and successful surgery prolongs progression-free survival, overall survival, and may reduce @entity4 burden and also potentially neurocognitive functions. Thus early successful surgery with preservation of function has a significant impact on @entity0 ' health. In modern neurosurgery, safe resection is often possible with detailed knowledge of anatomy and function together with the active use of various intraoperative surgical tools. We present illustrative cases of eloquent LGGs treated with different intraoperative tools. Methods   An introduction to important intraoperative tools in LGG surgery is provided by experts in the field and described in five cases viewed in the context of the recent LGG literature. Results   We present five cases with presumed eloquently located LGGs where extensive resection was offered using different intraoperative techniques. The clinical and radiologic outcomes are described. Conclusions   Correct use of intraoperative tools together with the surgeon's knowledge of anatomy and function will provide good functional and oncologic results in eloquently located LGGs. Watchful waiting or deferral of surgery due to @entity1 location (i.e., claiming inoperability) is very rarely good practice.

title: Surgical Management of Eloquent Supratentorial XXXX with Special Emphasis on Intraoperative Imaging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Modulation of @entity4 (FUra) using @entity5 (LV) is a standard treatment approach in @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 . Modulation of FUra with interferon alfa has also shown some promise. Laboratory data have demonstrated @entity3 when FUra is combined with both LV and interferon. The current study examined the effects of double modulation of FUra using LV and interferon. @entity0 with measurable advanced @entity2 received bolus FUra 375 mg/m2 plus LV 20 mg/m2 daily for 5 days, repeated every 28 days. Recombinant @entity0 interferon alfa-2a, 3 million IU/m2 subcutaneously, was given daily on the days of chemotherapy then three times weekly. There was one complete response and nine partial responses (10/41) seen for an overall response rate of 24% (95% CI 12.0-40.0%). Overall, 70% of @entity0 experienced one or more episodes of nonhematologic @entity3 of grade 3 or more. Weight loss was common, with a mean decrease of 2.9 kg over the first two months (P < 0.0001). Improvements in @entity1 -related symptoms were balanced by increased fatigue and a deterioration in body weight and performance status. There was no evidence of progressive changes in FUra metabolism from interferon usage.

title: A clinical and pharmacological study of @entity4 , XXXX and interferon alfa in advanced @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Modulation of @entity4 (FUra) using @entity5 (LV) is a standard treatment approach in @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 . Modulation of FUra with interferon alfa has also shown some promise. Laboratory data have demonstrated @entity3 when FUra is combined with both LV and interferon. The current study examined the effects of double modulation of FUra using LV and interferon. @entity0 with measurable advanced @entity2 received bolus FUra 375 mg/m2 plus LV 20 mg/m2 daily for 5 days, repeated every 28 days. Recombinant @entity0 interferon alfa-2a, 3 million IU/m2 subcutaneously, was given daily on the days of chemotherapy then three times weekly. There was one complete response and nine partial responses (10/41) seen for an overall response rate of 24% (95% CI 12.0-40.0%). Overall, 70% of @entity0 experienced one or more episodes of nonhematologic @entity3 of grade 3 or more. Weight loss was common, with a mean decrease of 2.9 kg over the first two months (P < 0.0001). Improvements in @entity1 -related symptoms were balanced by increased fatigue and a deterioration in body weight and performance status. There was no evidence of progressive changes in FUra metabolism from interferon usage.

title: A clinical and pharmacological study of @entity4 , @entity5 and interferon alfa in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Modulation of @entity4 (FUra) using @entity5 (LV) is a standard treatment approach in @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 . Modulation of FUra with interferon alfa has also shown some promise. Laboratory data have demonstrated @entity3 when FUra is combined with both LV and interferon. The current study examined the effects of double modulation of FUra using LV and interferon. @entity0 with measurable advanced @entity2 received bolus FUra 375 mg/m2 plus LV 20 mg/m2 daily for 5 days, repeated every 28 days. Recombinant @entity0 interferon alfa-2a, 3 million IU/m2 subcutaneously, was given daily on the days of chemotherapy then three times weekly. There was one complete response and nine partial responses (10/41) seen for an overall response rate of 24% (95% CI 12.0-40.0%). Overall, 70% of @entity0 experienced one or more episodes of nonhematologic @entity3 of grade 3 or more. Weight loss was common, with a mean decrease of 2.9 kg over the first two months (P < 0.0001). Improvements in @entity1 -related symptoms were balanced by increased fatigue and a deterioration in body weight and performance status. There was no evidence of progressive changes in FUra metabolism from interferon usage.

title: A clinical and pharmacological study of XXXX , @entity5 and interferon alfa in advanced @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Blood @entity0 awareness training (BGAT) teaches individuals with @entity1 to more accurately estimate/detect their blood @entity0 (BG) fluctuations. It has not, however, consistently resulted in improved ability to detect low BG. To assess an enhanced version of BGAT (BGAT-II), with more focus on increasing sensitivity to low BG events, a multicenter study was undertaken. Following up on previous findings that BGAT is most effective with individuals who are least accurate in estimating BG, this study explicitly recruited subjects who did and did not report reduced awareness of @entity2 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Seventy-eight subjects from three research sites participated in a repeated baseline design. Subjects' BG estimation accuracy and BG profiles were assessed 6 months before, immediately before, and immediately after BGAT-II. RESULTS: Post-treatment, BGAT-II led to better overall accuracy in detecting BG fluctuations and better detection of both low and high BG levels. This was achieved while the number of low readings of self-monitoring of blood @entity0 (SMBG) was reduced. Reduction in the number of low SMBG events was significant only for subjects reporting awareness of @entity2 . Detection of low BG was significant only for subjects reporting reduced awareness of @entity2 . Both groups demonstrated equivalent improvements in detection of high BG levels. CONCLUSIONS: BGAT may be an effective behavioral strategy for reversing hypoglycemic unawareness and an adjunct to intensive insulin therapy to reduce the occurrence of severe @entity2 .

title: A multicenter evaluation of blood XXXX awareness training-II.

answer: @entity0


abstract: There is growing evidence that more @entity0 in the UK are consuming fish taken from inland waterways. This may be partly due to the increased numbers of migrants from Eastern Europe where this is part of traditional culture and partly because of a desire to try new foods encouraged by celebrity chefs. Fish can bioaccumulate environmental contaminants and so could contribute a significant amount to dietary exposure to these chemicals. This study examined the changing habits of anglers and consumers and characterised a range of existing and emerging contaminants in freshwater fish species with a view to determining current levels of occurrence and possible risk from consumption. The project was conducted in two stages. The first stage included (a) a study that identified freshwater systems that are contaminated either by anthropogenic activity or as a result of the geology of the area; and (b) socioeconomic research to assess the consumption habits of the public, particularly anglers, with respect to fish and shellfish from unmanaged inland waterways. Based on the outcome from the first stage, specific rivers and other inland waterways were chosen for investigation, along with the range of contaminants to be included in the analytical programme. Predicted contamination levels and prevalence of anglers were among the factors taken into consideration. The second stage of the project involved sampling and analysis of fish taken from selected locations on the chosen waterways. A range of fish species from a variety of inland water habitats were obtained. These were analysed for the following contaminants: heavy metals, chlorinated @entity3 ( @entity7 /Fs), @entity6 (PBBs), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), brominated @entity3 (PBDD/Fs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), OC pesticides, organotin compounds and organo- @entity1 compounds. Legal limits for contaminants apply only to food traded commercially, but some samples were in excess of the regulatory limits for @entity7 /Fs and @entity2 in such fish. The maximum detected WHO-TEQ (1998) for @entity7 /Fs plus @entity2 was over 32ngkg(-1) on a whole weight basis for a sample of @entity5 from the River Don, and 6 other samples were also above the 8ngkg(-1) limit.

title: Contamination of fish in UK fresh water systems: Risk assessment for XXXX consumption.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The genital area has a high exposure to various allergens that are not always obvious. Out of shame @entity0 may not complain about symptoms in this area. Moreover, diagnosis and therapy are often not primarily conducted by a dermatologist and allergologist. Therefore, many cases of @entity1 in the genital area remain undetected. OBJECTIVES: Which type  I and type  IV @entity4 occur in the genital area? Which allergens are currently of importance? Which are the characteristics of @entity1 in the genital area? What are the symptoms and differential diagnoses? What to focus on when taking medical history and in clinical diagnostics? MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current medical literature regarding @entity1 in the genital area is discussed. RESULTS: In the genital area type  IV @entity4 such as contact @entity5 exceed @entity4 in number. Contact @entity2 can occur due to seminal plasma @entity4 , latex @entity4 and a transfer of type  I allergens via semen. Contact allergens are found in sex products such as condoms, but also in topical products. @entity6 has become a new and important contact allergen for the genital area in recent years. Also, fixed @entity3 occurs preferentially in the genital area. As a delayed type  IV @entity4 due to systemically administered drugs it has to be considered in the differential diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Presumably, there are a high number of unreported cases of @entity1 in the genital area. Interdisciplinary collaboration between gynecologists, urologists and dermatologist should be increased. The use of @entity6 in rinse-off and leave-on products should be discussed.

title: [ XXXX in the genital area.]

answer: @entity1


abstract: Five mAb directed at the @entity2 chain were analyzed for their binding and functional properties. They define three epitopes on a recombinant soluble beta chain or on the beta chain expressed at the surface of YT-2C2 cells. Epitope 1 (A41 and 6E8 mAb) is part of the @entity1 binding domain, whereas epitope 2 (CF1 and 6E10 mAb) is not involved in @entity1 binding. Epitope 3 (6B5 mAb) also partly overlaps the @entity1 binding domain but does not overlap epitopes 1 and 2. None of the mAb can by themselves inhibit @entity1 induced proliferation of a @entity0 activated T cell clone. Only epitope 1 mAb can synergize with an anti-alpha chain mAb to inhibit this proliferation. Using epitope 1 and 2 mAb as well as a purified, recombinant form of the @entity2 chain extracellular domain, an ELISA-based immunoassay was set up which allows the quantitative determination of soluble and detergent solubilized @entity2 chains. Epitopes 1 and 2 are in non-competitive interaction: the binding of a mAb to one epitope decreases the affinity of a mAb for the second epitope. Epitope 2 mAb have binding stoichiometries (approximately 16,000 sites/cell) which are approximately 80% higher than that of epitope 1 mAb and @entity1 itself (approximately 9000 sites/cell). Upon binding of epitope 2 mAb, the stoichiometries of epitope 1 mAb and @entity1 are increased to reach the stoichiometry of epitope 2 mAb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunological characterization of antigenic domains on @entity0 XXXX subunit: epitope-function relationships.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Five mAb directed at the @entity2 chain were analyzed for their binding and functional properties. They define three epitopes on a recombinant soluble beta chain or on the beta chain expressed at the surface of YT-2C2 cells. Epitope 1 (A41 and 6E8 mAb) is part of the @entity1 binding domain, whereas epitope 2 (CF1 and 6E10 mAb) is not involved in @entity1 binding. Epitope 3 (6B5 mAb) also partly overlaps the @entity1 binding domain but does not overlap epitopes 1 and 2. None of the mAb can by themselves inhibit @entity1 induced proliferation of a @entity0 activated T cell clone. Only epitope 1 mAb can synergize with an anti-alpha chain mAb to inhibit this proliferation. Using epitope 1 and 2 mAb as well as a purified, recombinant form of the @entity2 chain extracellular domain, an ELISA-based immunoassay was set up which allows the quantitative determination of soluble and detergent solubilized @entity2 chains. Epitopes 1 and 2 are in non-competitive interaction: the binding of a mAb to one epitope decreases the affinity of a mAb for the second epitope. Epitope 2 mAb have binding stoichiometries (approximately 16,000 sites/cell) which are approximately 80% higher than that of epitope 1 mAb and @entity1 itself (approximately 9000 sites/cell). Upon binding of epitope 2 mAb, the stoichiometries of epitope 1 mAb and @entity1 are increased to reach the stoichiometry of epitope 2 mAb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunological characterization of antigenic domains on XXXX @entity2 subunit: epitope-function relationships.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We investigated statistical association between @entity2 and @entity1 in a group of @entity0 followed up for 26 years with the hypothesis that @entity2 affects carcinogenesis. Altogether, 1676 30- to 40-year-old subjects from Stockholm were clinically examined in 1985. In 2011, we compared the baseline oral examination and follow-up data with @entity1 diagnoses sourced from the Swedish national hospital register databases. Of 1676 individuals, 89 (55 @entity0 , 34 @entity0 ) had got @entity1 by the year 2011. @entity0 were found to be at higher risk for @entity1 than @entity0 . Smoking (expressed in pack-years) had been more prevalent in the @entity1 group than in those with no @entity1 diagnosis. Gingival index, marker of @entity2 , was higher in the @entity1 group than in subjects with no @entity1 . There were no significant differences between the groups regarding age, education, dental plaque and calculus index scores, or in the number of missing teeth. In multiple logistic regression analysis with @entity1 as the dependent variable and several independent variables, pack-years of smoking appeared to be a principal independent predictor with odds ratio (OR) 1.32 while @entity2 showed OR 1.29. Hence, our present findings showed that together with smoking, @entity2 indeed associated with the incidence of @entity1 in this cohort.

title: Unique database study linking XXXX and smoking in carcinogenesis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 , @entity1 , and @entity3 are three interrelated entities which may share common pathophysiological factors. In the last decades, overall survival has drastically increased. Postmenopausal @entity0 , due to their @entity4 depletion, are at higher risk of developing any of these three conditions or the three, which is termed @entity1 . One of the most common health problems among these @entity0 is the elevated risk of falls and @entity5 . Falls and fall-related @entity2 are one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in older adults, and have a significant impact on social, economical and health-related costs. Several extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors have been described that play a role in the etiology of falls. A therapeutic approach to @entity1 aimed at the prevention of falls must include several factors, and act on those risk elements which can be effectively modified. An adequate weight-loss diet and a good nutritional intake, with an appropriate amount of @entity6 and the right protein/ @entity7 ratio, may contribute to the prevention of falls. The recommendation of physical exercise, both traditional (resistance or aerobic training) and more recent varieties (Tai Chi, Pilates, body vibration), can improve balance and positively contribute to fall prevention, whether by itself or in combination with other therapeutic strategies. Finally, a pharmacological approach, especially one focused on hormone therapy, has shown to have a positive effect on postmenopausal @entity0 's balance, leading to a decreased risk of falls.

title: XXXX and fall prevention strategies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this work was to report success rates as well as potential obstacles in transnasal endoscopic resection of anterior skull base @entity5 . METHODS: The study design was a case series with chart review at tertiary referral centers in South Australia and New Zealand. The @entity0 were 37 consecutive @entity0 who underwent endoscopic resection of skull-base @entity5 between 2004 and 2013. Review of @entity0 charts and operative details were performed. Outcomes including complications are reported. RESULTS: Eighty-four percent of @entity0 were @entity0 . There were 28 primary and 9 revision cases. @entity1 locations were as follows: 14 olfactory groove/subfrontal; 12 planum/jugum sphenoidale; 7 tuberculum sellae; 3 clinoidal; and 1 clival. Vision change was the most common presenting symptom. Mean @entity1 volume was 33.68 cm(3) , mean diameter was 2.78 cm. Average operating times decreased with an initial learning curve and then plateaued. @entity1 larger than 60 cm(3) took an average of 10 hours to resect. Gross total removal was achieved in 29 @entity0 . There were no perioperative @entity3 . Two @entity3 occurred within 1 year of surgery. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks occurred in 13 @entity0 . Seventy-five percent of @entity0 presenting with @entity4 . Of the 29 @entity0 considered to have had complete resection at surgery, one was found to have @entity2 on a postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and another one later developed radiological evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Using a 2-team approach, @entity5 of the skull base were successfully removed via an intranasal endoscopic technique. Although complete resection is typically possible even with large @entity1 , the lengthy resection required time for @entity1 larger than 60 cm(3) (diameter >= 4 cm) may obviate some of the advantages of this approach. The rate of postoperative CSF leak decreases when a synthetic dural substitute is added but does not approach zero.

title: Update on endoscopic endonasal resection of skull base XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study monitored the dynamics and diversity of the @entity0 faecal 'Atopobium cluster' over a 3-month period using a polyphasic approach. Fresh faecal samples were collected fortnightly from 13 healthy donors (6 males and 7 females) aged between 26 and 61 years. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to enumerate total (EUB338mix) and 'Atopobium cluster' (ATO291) bacteria, with counts ranging between 1.12 * 1011 and 9.95 * 1011, and 1.03 * 109 and 1.16 * 1011 cells (g dry weight faeces)-1, respectively. The 'Atopobium cluster' population represented 0.2-22 % of the total bacteria, with proportions donor-dependent. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) using 'Atopobium cluster'-specific primers demonstrated faecal populations of these bacteria were relatively stable, with bands identified as Collinsella aerofaciens, Collinsella intestinalis/Collinsella stercoris, Collinsella tanakaei, Coriobacteriaceae sp. PEAV3-3, @entity2 , Gordonibacter pamelaeae, Olsenella profusa, @entity1 and Paraeggerthella hongkongensis in the DGGE profiles of individuals. Colony PCR was used to identify 'Atopobium cluster' bacteria isolated from faeces (n = 224 isolates). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of isolates demonstrated Collinsella aerofaciens represented the predominant (88 % of isolates) member of the 'Atopobium cluster' found in @entity0 faeces, being found in nine individuals. @entity2 was identified in three individuals (3.6 % of isolates). Isolates of Collinsella tanakaei, an 'Enorma' sp. and representatives of novel species belonging to the 'Atopobium cluster' were also identified in the study. Phenotypic characterization of the isolates demonstrated their highly saccharolytic nature and heterogeneous phenotypic profiles, and 97 % of the isolates displayed lipase activity.

title: Dynamics and diversity of the 'Atopobium cluster' in the XXXX faecal microbiota, and phenotypic characterization of 'Atopobium cluster' isolates.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 have played a key role in the immunosuppression of organ transplantation. Unfortunately, the extensive use of these agents has resulted in disabling and life-threatening adverse effects in many @entity0 . The advent of concomitant @entity5 / @entity4 regimens has allowed a reduction in the dosages of @entity6 administered, yet @entity2 -induced morbidity is still a major problem in many @entity4 -treated renal transplant @entity0 . After favourable initial experiences with @entity4 monotherapy, several attempts at @entity2 -free immunosuppression in renal transplant @entity0 have been undertaken, either by not starting @entity6 after transplantation or by stopping @entity6 in @entity0 with stable graft function. Most controlled and uncontrolled trials showed that with either strategy short term graft survival was similar with or without @entity6 , but acute rejection was more frequent in @entity0 not taking @entity6 . The percentage of @entity0 who could be maintained @entity2 -free ranged from 28 to 94%, and was higher in @entity0 who stopped @entity6 later than in those never receiving them. Little information is available about long term follow-up of these @entity0 . Some studies reported late @entity3 in @entity0 not taking @entity6 , while others reported a favourable outcome even in the long term. @entity2 -free immunosuppression is feasible in renal transplant @entity0 , but it requires careful monitoring of renal function and @entity4 dosage. This strategy is particularly indicated in @entity0 at high risk of @entity1 or @entity2 -related complications, and in @entity0 . Nevertheless, several issues need to be better elucidated by further studies, namely the long term outcome of @entity2 -free immunosuppression, the advantages and disadvantages of @entity2 avoidance versus @entity2 withdrawal, and the criteria for selecting @entity0 .

title: XXXX in kidney transplant recipients. Safety issues and timing of discontinuation.

answer: @entity7


abstract: This paper presents the treatment results and experiences gained from a retrospective study of @entity0 treated with the IMZ osseo-integrated implant system and mandibular overdentures. @entity0 experiencing problems wearing conventional dentures were assessed by the implant team and 65 cases were treated with 154 endosseous implants placed in the edentulous mandible. Two to four implants were placed in each case and in addition some @entity0 have had augmentation of the mandible with @entity1 . The definitive mandibular prostheses were supported by both implants and the residual ridges. A variety of retention systems were utilised, which included different types of bar and clip, stud attachments, and magnets. The @entity0 have been followed up regularly and evaluated after periods of between one and six years. Six implants have failed over this time resulting in a success rate of over 96%. Most @entity0 expressed a high degree of satisfaction with their new overdentures. There was, however, a considerable burden of maintenance care required for the @entity0 group examined. The findings demonstrate that implant retained overdentures offer a highly effective means of oral rehabilitation for the @entity2 mandible, restoring both oral function and facial form.

title: Prosthetic management of the XXXX mandible using endosseous implants and overdentures: a six year review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2 is a debilitating condition with rising frequency of @entity3 with advancing age. Life expectancy increases in developing societies with the emergence of @entity2 . There is a need for a simple protocol to diagnose @entity3 that merit treatment for @entity2 . METHODS: Evaluation of all consecutive lateral chest radiographs performed at the National Hospital in the capital city in Greenland over a 3-month period for vertebral body heights at the anterior, middle and posterior regions. Use of anti-osteoporotic drug was evaluated from records of dispensed drugs from Greenland National Pharmacy. RESULTS: 1869 vertebrae were evaluated on radiographs from 203 subjects. On average 9.2 vertebrae (range 5-13) qualified for evaluation in each individual. Median (range) age was 55 (30-82) years. Any @entity1 above 25 (20)  % was seen in 28.6 (50.2)  %. More than one @entity3 was seen in 10.3 (27.1) %. @entity3 occurred in 18.5 (36.9) % of @entity0 from the General Medicine Clinic and in 33.3 (56.5) % of inpatients (p  =  0.029). The occurrence of @entity3 increased with age (p  <  0.001) and hosting more than one vertebral @entity3 was markedly more frequent after the age of 60  years [OR, 95  % CI 9.6, 3.1-30 (5.7, 2.9-11); p  <  0.001] after correction for gender in logistic regressions. The National Pharmacy handed out anti-osteoporotic drugs equal to the treatment of 36 individuals. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 that merit treatment can be readily diagnosed from lateral chest radiographs taken in routine clinical work-up. They are common in Greenland as demonstrated by this simple protocol to improve diagnosis and treatment of @entity2 in a developing society.

title: An efficient case finding strategy to diagnose XXXX in a developing society with low treatment frequency.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle wasting in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is associated with morbidity and mortality. Resistance exercise results in @entity3 in the healthy population, but is underinvestigated in @entity1 . We aimed to determine the feasibility of delivering a supervised progressive resistance exercise program in @entity1 , with secondary aims to investigate effects on muscle size, strength, and physical functioning. STUDY DESIGN: Parallel randomized controlled feasibility study. SETTING _ @entity0 : @entity0 with @entity1 stages 3b to 4 were randomly assigned to the exercise (n=20; 11 @entity0 ; median age, 63 [IQR, 57-65] years; median estimated glomerular filtration rate, 28.5 [IQR, 19.0-32.0] mL/ @entity2 .73 m(2)) or nonexercise control (n=18; 14 @entity0 ; median age, 66 [IQR, 45-79] years; estimated glomerular filtration rate, 20.5 [IQR, 16.0-26.0] mL/ @entity2 .73 m(2)) group. INTERVENTION: @entity0 in the exercise group undertook an 8-week progressive resistance exercise program consisting of 3 sets of 10 to 12 leg extensions at 70% of estimated 1-repetition maximum thrice weekly. @entity0 in the control group continued with usual physical activity. OUTCOMES: Primary outcomes were related to study feasibility: eligibility, recruitment, retention, and adherence rates. Secondary outcomes were muscle anatomical cross-sectional area, muscle volume, pennation angle, knee extensor strength, and exercise capacity. MEASUREMENTS: Two- and 3-dimensional ultrasonography of skeletal muscle, dynamometry, and shuttle walk tests at baseline and 8 weeks. RESULTS: Of 2,349 @entity0 screened, 403 were identified as eligible and 38 enrolled in the study. 33 (87%) completed the study, and those in the exercise group attended 92% of training sessions. No changes were seen in controls for any parameter. Progressive resistance exercise increased muscle anatomical cross-sectional area, muscle volume, knee extensor strength, and exercise capacity. LIMITATIONS: No blinded assessors, magnetic resonance imaging not used to assess muscle mass, lack of a healthy control group. CONCLUSIONS: This type of exercise is well tolerated by @entity0 with @entity1 and confers important clinical benefits; however, low recruitment rates suggest that a supervised outpatient-based program is not the most practical implementation strategy.

title: Progressive Resistance Exercise Training in XXXX : A Feasibility Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated the rate of persistent and recurrent @entity4 after focused unilateral exploration (UE) with intraoperative monitoring of intact @entity3 (IOPTH). STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort of 915 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) underwent parathyroid surgery by a single surgeon from January 2003 to September 2013. A total of 556 @entity0 with at least a single positive preoperative localization by ultrasound (US) and/or sestamibi scan (STS) underwent UE with IOPTH. The criterion for completion of surgery was an IOPTH fall of 50% from the highest intraoperative level and into the normal range 5 to 10 minutes after resection of the localized gland. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity0 had either persistent or recurrent @entity1 , yielding a 2.7% (95% CI 1.6% to 4.4%) overall recurrence rate based on the refined Wilson method with continuity correction. Four @entity0 had persistent @entity1 . Three of these @entity0 were cured with reoperation, and the fourth @entity0 was followed nonoperatively. Eleven @entity0 had recurrent @entity1 , with 5 corrected by surgery and 6 @entity0 followed nonoperatively. The mean postoperative serum @entity2 ( @entity5 ) level was 9.4 mg/dL over a mean follow-up interval of 44.0 months. Preoperative localization rates by each localization study were: US 74.3% (n  = 413), STS 86.9% (n  = 483), and US and STS 71.4% (n  = 397). There was no difference in the preoperative study that localized the hyperfunctional parathyroid gland in recurrent vs nonrecurrent @entity0 by the Fisher's exact test (US, p  =1.00; STS, p  =0.65; US and STS, p  =1.00). CONCLUSIONS: The low rate of recurrent @entity1 after focused unilateral exploration with IOPTH suggests that this procedure should not be abandoned.

title: No Need to Abandon Focused Unilateral Exploration for Primary XXXX with Intraoperative Monitoring of Intact @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated the rate of persistent and recurrent @entity4 after focused unilateral exploration (UE) with intraoperative monitoring of intact @entity3 (IOPTH). STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort of 915 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) underwent parathyroid surgery by a single surgeon from January 2003 to September 2013. A total of 556 @entity0 with at least a single positive preoperative localization by ultrasound (US) and/or sestamibi scan (STS) underwent UE with IOPTH. The criterion for completion of surgery was an IOPTH fall of 50% from the highest intraoperative level and into the normal range 5 to 10 minutes after resection of the localized gland. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity0 had either persistent or recurrent @entity1 , yielding a 2.7% (95% CI 1.6% to 4.4%) overall recurrence rate based on the refined Wilson method with continuity correction. Four @entity0 had persistent @entity1 . Three of these @entity0 were cured with reoperation, and the fourth @entity0 was followed nonoperatively. Eleven @entity0 had recurrent @entity1 , with 5 corrected by surgery and 6 @entity0 followed nonoperatively. The mean postoperative serum @entity2 ( @entity5 ) level was 9.4 mg/dL over a mean follow-up interval of 44.0 months. Preoperative localization rates by each localization study were: US 74.3% (n  = 413), STS 86.9% (n  = 483), and US and STS 71.4% (n  = 397). There was no difference in the preoperative study that localized the hyperfunctional parathyroid gland in recurrent vs nonrecurrent @entity0 by the Fisher's exact test (US, p  =1.00; STS, p  =0.65; US and STS, p  =1.00). CONCLUSIONS: The low rate of recurrent @entity1 after focused unilateral exploration with IOPTH suggests that this procedure should not be abandoned.

title: No Need to Abandon Focused Unilateral Exploration for Primary @entity4 with Intraoperative Monitoring of Intact XXXX .

answer: @entity3