abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity3 management guided by intracranial pressure monitoring and to explore the specific subgroups for which intracranial pressure monitoring might be significantly associated with improved outcomes based on a classification of the various @entity3 pathophysiologies using the clinical features and CT scans. DESIGN: Retrospective observational multicenter study. SETTING: Twenty-two hospitals (16 level I @entity2 centers and six level II @entity2 centers) in nine provinces in China. @entity0 : Moderate or severe @entity3 @entity0 who were more than 14 years old. INTERVENTIONS: Intracranial pressure monitoring. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All data were collected by physicians from medical records. The 6-month mortality and favorable outcome were assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended score. An intracranial pressure monitor was inserted into 838 @entity0 (58.1%). The mean duration of intracranial pressure monitoring was 4.44        3.65 days. The significant predictors of intracranial pressure monitoring included the mechanism of injury, a Glasgow @entity5 Scale score of 9-12 at admission that dropped to a score of 3-8 within 24 hours after injury, a Marshall CT classification of III-IV, the presence of a major extracranial @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity2 center level, and intracranial pressure monitoring utilization of hospital. The intracranial pressure monitoring and no intracranial pressure monitoring groups did not significantly differ in terms of complications. For the total sample, the placement of intracranial pressure monitoring was not associated with either 6-month mortality (16.9% vs 20.5%; p = 0.086) or 6-month unfavorable outcome (49.4% vs 45.8%; p = 0.175). For @entity0 with a Glasgow @entity5 Scale score of 3-8 at admission, intracranial pressure monitoring was also not significantly associated with 6-month mortality (20.9% vs 26.0%; p = 0.053) or an unfavorable outcome (56.9% vs 55.5%; p = 0.646). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that intracranial pressure monitoring resulted in a significantly lower 6-month mortality for @entity0 who had a Glasgow @entity5 Scale score of 3-5 at admission (adjusted odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36-0.90; adjusted p = 0.016), those who had a Glasgow @entity5 Scale score of 9-12 at admission that dropped to 3-8 within 24 hours after injury (adjusted odds ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08-0.96; adjusted p = 0.043), and those who had a probability of @entity4 at 6 months greater than 0.6 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.32-0.94; adjusted p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: There were multiple differences between the intracranial pressure monitoring and no intracranial pressure monitoring groups regarding @entity0 characteristics, @entity2 , characteristics of CT scan, and hospital type. Intracranial pressure monitoring in conjunction with intracranial pressure-targeted therapies is significantly associated with lower mortality in some special @entity3 subgroups. The prospective randomized controlled trials specifically investigating these subgroups will be required to further characterize the effects of intracranial pressure monitoring on behavioral outcomes in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Effects and Clinical Characteristics of Intracranial Pressure Monitoring-Targeted Management for Subsets of XXXX : An Observational Multicenter Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Administrative claims contain detailed medication, diagnosis, and procedure data, but the lack of clinical outcomes for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) historically has limited their use in comparative effectiveness research. A claims-based algorithm was developed and validated to estimate effectiveness for @entity1 from data for adherence, dosing, and treatment modifications. OBJECTIVE: To implement the claims-based algorithm in a U.S. managed care database to estimate biologic cost per effectively treated @entity0 . METHODS: The cohort included @entity0 with @entity1 aged 18-63 years in the Optum Research Database who initiated biologic treatment between January 2007 and December 2010 and were continuously enrolled 6 months before through 12 months after the first claim for the biologic (the index date). @entity0 were categorized as effectively treated by the claims-based algorithm if they met all of the following 6 criteria in the 12-month post-index period: (1) a medication possession ratio >=    80% for subcutaneous biologics, or at least as many infusions as specified in U.S. labeling for intravenous biologics; (2) no increase in biologic dose; (3) no switch in biologics; (4) no new nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; (5) no new or increased oral glucocorticoid treatment; and (6) no more than 1 glucocorticoid injection. Drug costs (all biologics) and administration costs (intravenous biologics) were obtained from allowed amounts on claims. Biologic cost per effectively treated @entity0 was defined as total 1-year biologic cost divided by the number of @entity0 categorized by the algorithm as effectively treated with that index biologic. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the total health care costs per effectively treated @entity0 during the first year of biologic therapy. RESULTS: A total of 5,474 individuals were included in the analysis. The index biologic was categorized as effective by the algorithm for 28.9% of @entity0 overall, including 30.6% for subcutaneous biologics and 22.1% for intravenous biologics. The index biologic was categorized as effective in the first year for 32.7% of etanercept (794/2,425), 32.3% of golimumab (40/124), 30.2% of abatacept (89/295), 27.7% of adalimumab (514/1,857), and 19.0% of infliximab (147/773) @entity0 . Mean 1-year biologic cost per effectively treated @entity0 , as defined in the algorithm, was lowest for etanercept ( 43,935), followed by golimumab ( 49,589), adalimumab ( 52,752), abatacept ( 62,300), and infliximab ( 101,402). The rank order in the sensitivity analysis was the same, except for golimumab and etanercept.  CONCLUSIONS: Using a claims-based algorithm in a large commercial claims database, etanercept was the most effective and had the lowest biologic cost per effectively treated @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Cost and Effectiveness of Biologics for XXXX in a Commercially Insured Population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Groin injuries are troublesome in @entity0 's and @entity0 's football. AIM: To review the literature on the epidemiology of @entity1 in senior football and compare injury occurrence between sexes. METHODS: Studies were identified through a search of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science, in the reference lists of the selected articles and the authors' bibliographies. The number of injuries, percentage of @entity1 from all injuries and rate of @entity1 per 1000   h were extracted. Exposure and injury data were aggregated across included studies and the absolute differences in @entity1 proportion and rate of @entity1 were compared between sexes. Risk of bias was assessed using a 5-item checklist. RESULTS: 34 articles met the study criteria and were included. The proportion of @entity1 in @entity2 was 4-19% in @entity0 and 2-14% in @entity0 . Aggregated data analysis (29 studies) showed a higher relative proportion of @entity1 in @entity0 than in @entity0 (12.8% vs 6.9%, absolute difference 5.9%, 95% CI 4.6% to 7.1%). The rate of @entity1 varied from 0.2 to 2.1/1000   h in @entity0 and 0.1 to 0.6/1000   h in @entity0 's club football, and aggregated analysis (23 studies) showed a more than two-fold higher rate in @entity0 (0.83/1000 h vs 0.35/1000   h, rate ratio 2.4, 95% CI 2.0 to 2.9). High risk of bias was identified for @entity0 selection (18 studies), exposure (17 studies) and precision estimate (16 studies). CONCLUSIONS: Groin injuries are frequent in senior football and are more common in @entity0 than @entity0 . Future research needs to be of higher quality.

title: The epidemiology of XXXX in senior football: a systematic review of prospective studies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 resulting from overflexion of the craniocervical junction after occipitocervical fusion is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication and is associated with morbidity. The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records and diagnostic images of 2 pediatrie @entity0 who underwent occipitocervical fusion by the Neuro-Spine Program at Texas @entity0 's Hospital and experienced @entity4 and/or @entity3 from new @entity2 in the postoperative period. @entity0 demographics, operative data, and preoperative and postoperative occiput-C2 angles were recorded. A review of the literature for similar complications after occipitocervical fusion was performed. A total of 13 cases of prolonged @entity2 after occipitocervical fusion were analyzed. Most of these cases involved adults with @entity1 . To the best of the authors' knowledge, there have been no previous reports of prolonged @entity2 in @entity0 after an occipitocervical fusion. Fixation of the neck in increased flexion (-18   to -5  ) was a common finding among these adult and pediatrie cases. The authors' cases involved @entity0 with @entity5 and comparatively large tongues, which may predispose the oropharynx to obstruction with even the slightest amount of increased flexion. Close attention to a satisfactory fixation angle (occiput-C2 angle) is necessary to avoid @entity2 after an occipitocervical fusion. @entity0 with @entity5 are particularly sensitive to changes in flexion at the craniocervical junction after occipitocervical fixation.

title: @entity4 and XXXX from @entity2 after occipitocervical fusion in the pediatric age group.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 resulting from overflexion of the craniocervical junction after occipitocervical fusion is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication and is associated with morbidity. The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records and diagnostic images of 2 pediatrie @entity0 who underwent occipitocervical fusion by the Neuro-Spine Program at Texas @entity0 's Hospital and experienced @entity4 and/or @entity3 from new @entity2 in the postoperative period. @entity0 demographics, operative data, and preoperative and postoperative occiput-C2 angles were recorded. A review of the literature for similar complications after occipitocervical fusion was performed. A total of 13 cases of prolonged @entity2 after occipitocervical fusion were analyzed. Most of these cases involved adults with @entity1 . To the best of the authors' knowledge, there have been no previous reports of prolonged @entity2 in @entity0 after an occipitocervical fusion. Fixation of the neck in increased flexion (-18   to -5  ) was a common finding among these adult and pediatrie cases. The authors' cases involved @entity0 with @entity5 and comparatively large tongues, which may predispose the oropharynx to obstruction with even the slightest amount of increased flexion. Close attention to a satisfactory fixation angle (occiput-C2 angle) is necessary to avoid @entity2 after an occipitocervical fusion. @entity0 with @entity5 are particularly sensitive to changes in flexion at the craniocervical junction after occipitocervical fixation.

title: @entity4 and @entity3 from XXXX after occipitocervical fusion in the pediatric age group.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 resulting from overflexion of the craniocervical junction after occipitocervical fusion is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication and is associated with morbidity. The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records and diagnostic images of 2 pediatrie @entity0 who underwent occipitocervical fusion by the Neuro-Spine Program at Texas @entity0 's Hospital and experienced @entity4 and/or @entity3 from new @entity2 in the postoperative period. @entity0 demographics, operative data, and preoperative and postoperative occiput-C2 angles were recorded. A review of the literature for similar complications after occipitocervical fusion was performed. A total of 13 cases of prolonged @entity2 after occipitocervical fusion were analyzed. Most of these cases involved adults with @entity1 . To the best of the authors' knowledge, there have been no previous reports of prolonged @entity2 in @entity0 after an occipitocervical fusion. Fixation of the neck in increased flexion (-18   to -5  ) was a common finding among these adult and pediatrie cases. The authors' cases involved @entity0 with @entity5 and comparatively large tongues, which may predispose the oropharynx to obstruction with even the slightest amount of increased flexion. Close attention to a satisfactory fixation angle (occiput-C2 angle) is necessary to avoid @entity2 after an occipitocervical fusion. @entity0 with @entity5 are particularly sensitive to changes in flexion at the craniocervical junction after occipitocervical fixation.

title: XXXX and @entity3 from @entity2 after occipitocervical fusion in the pediatric age group.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Poor growth is a common complication in @entity0 with @entity4 . There has been much focus on low birth weight as having increased risk of adverse outcomes following neonatal heart surgery. In this study, we examined whether preoperative nutritional status, measured by admission weight-for-age z score, was associated with postoperative clinical outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Pediatric Cardiac ICU at the Royal Brompton Hospital. @entity0 : Neonates undergoing surgery for @entity4 . Those undergoing ductus arteriosus ligation alone were excluded. @entity0 with coexisting noncardiac morbidity were excluded. Outcome variables included prevalence of @entity2 (including @entity3 , delayed chest closure, @entity1 , and @entity5 ), duration of ventilation, intensive care stay, postoperative mortality, and mortality at 1 year after surgery. INTERVENTIONS: None. Analysis of @entity0 data only. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Two hundred forty-eight neonates fulfilled the entry criteria. Median (interquartile range) age was 7 days (2-15 d), median (interquartile range) weight was 3.3 kg (2.91-3.6 kg), and median weight-for-age z score was -0.77 (-1.44 to 0.01). Twenty-eight @entity0 (11%) had a weight-for-age z score of less than -2. There was no evidence that @entity0 with lower weight-for-age z score had less severe surgery as measured by the Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery 1 score. In multivariable regression analysis, the weight-for-age z at admission had strong correlation with the number of days free of respiratory support (invasive and noninvasive ventilation) at 28 days (p < 0.0001) and with all-cause mortality at 1 year (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Poor nutritional status as measured by weight-for-age z is associated with adverse short- and long-term outcomes in neonates undergoing surgery for @entity4 .

title: Nutritional Status and Clinical Outcome in Postterm Neonates Undergoing Surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In nine @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), significant negative correlations were shown between plasma albumin and @entity1 (r=-0.85, p less than 0.005) and between plasma albumin and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-apoprotein B ( @entity3 ) (r=-0.84, p less than 0.005), whereas there was no such correlation in ten matched ntrol @entity0 . LDL- @entity3 (182.8 +/141.2 MG/DL), @entity1 (249.3 +/-190.2 mg/dl) and @entity4 (40.8 +/- 23.5 mg/dl) were all elevated above controls. Control values: LDL- @entity3 : 75.4 +/-25.0 mg/dl, - @entity1 : ll9.3 +/-27.6 mg/dl and - @entity4 : 29.2-17.9 mg/dl. The @entity0 with @entity5 also exhibited a negative correlation between plasma @entity2 levels and plasma lipoprotein lipaseactiveiy (r=-0.79, p less than 0.02), which was not observed in controls. The hepatic triglycerice lipase (H-TGL) showed a mean activity of 22.2 +/- 10.7 mumol/ml FFA, which was not different form the control value of 21.2 +/-3.9 mumol/ml FFA. Not only LDL- @entity1 values were elevated in the @entity0 with @entity5 , but high density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity1 as well. HDL- @entity1 in @entity5 : 68.6 +/- 29.0 mg/dl, controls: 45.7 +/- 8.5 mg/dl. Twelve @entity0 with @entity5 in remission showed no correlation between plasma albumin and @entity1 and plasma albumin and LDL- @entity3 respectively. The concentrations of LDL- @entity3 (92.2 +/- 24.5 mg/dl),- @entity1 (121.7 +/- 37.1 mg/dl) and - @entity4 (28.9 +/-18.9 mg/dl) were within the normal range. No significan correlation was found between plasma @entity2 levels and plasma lipoprotein lipase activity (r=0.38, p greater than 0.2), and H-TGL activity, at 24.1 +/-9.3 mumol/ml FFA, was not different from control. In contrast to the complete normalization of LDL- @entity1 level, the HDL- @entity1 level remained slightly above control (HDL- @entity1 : 57.0 +/- 17.6 mg/dl). The hyperlipoproteinaemia in @entity5 represents a combination of an increasents a combination of an increased hepatic lipoprotein synthesis and a decreased catabolism of @entity2 rich lipoproteins as indicated by an insufficiency of the lipoprotein lipase. The simultaneous elevation of LDL- and HDL- @entity1 suggests at most a moderate degree of atherogeneity of the @entity6 in @entity5 .

title: Lipoprotein metabolism in XXXX in childhood.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of @entity1 is controversial, particularly in regard to manipulation of the position of the fetus by external cephalic version (ECV). ECV may reduce the number of breech presentations and caesarean sections, but there also have been reports of complications with the procedure. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effects of ECV at or near term on measures of pregnancy outcome. Methods of facilitating ECV, and ECV before term are reviewed separately. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Trials Register (28 February 2015) and reference lists of retrieved studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials of ECV at or near term (with or without tocolysis) compared with no attempt at ECV in @entity0 with @entity1 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors assessed eligibility and trial quality, and extracted the data. MAIN RESULTS: We included eight studies, with a total of 1308 @entity0 randomised. The pooled data from these studies show a statistically significant and clinically meaningful reduction in non-cephalic presentation at birth (average risk ratio (RR) 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29 to 0.61, eight trials, 1305 @entity0 ); vaginal cephalic birth not achieved (average RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.62, seven trials, 1253 @entity0 , evidence graded very low); and caesarean section (average RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.82, eight trials, 1305 @entity0 , evidence graded very low) when ECV was attempted in comparison to no ECV attempted. There were no significant differences in the incidence of Apgar score ratings below seven at one minute (average RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.37, three trials, 168 @entity0 ) or five minutes (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.36, five trials, 428 @entity0 , evidence graded very low), low umbilical vein pH levels (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.17 to 2.44, one trial, 52 @entity0 , evidence graded very low), neonatal admission (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.34, four trials, 368 @entity0 , evidence graded very low), perinatal death (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.09 to 1.64, eight trials, 1305 @entity0 , evidence graded low), nor time from enrolment to delivery (mean difference -0.25 days, 95% CI -2.81 to 2.31, two trials, 256 @entity0 ).All of the trials included in this review had design limitations, and the level of evidence was graded low or very low. No studies attempted to blind the intervention, and the process of random allocation was suboptimal in several studies. Three of the eight trials had serious design limitations, however excluding these studies in a sensitivity analysis for outcomes with substantial heterogeneity did not alter the results. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Attempting cephalic version at term reduces the chance of non-cephalic presentation at birth, vaginal cephalic birth not achieved and caesarean section. There is not enough evidence from randomised trials to assess complications of ECV at term. Large observational studies suggest that complications are rare.

title: External cephalic version for XXXX at term.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endovascularly implanted leads risk @entity3 and @entity2 , and can be difficult to locate in desired positions for LV pacing. We evaluated the acute and long-term stability, electric performance and histopathology of a percutaneously placed intrapericardial lead (IPL). METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve adult mongrel @entity1 underwent defibrillator implants incorporating IPLs. Successful uncomplicated percutaneous implantation of an IPL was achieved in all. Early fluoroscopic shift noted with 3 of 6 of the initial version IPL-1 was not seen with the modified IPL-2. Mean  95% confidence interval bipolar capture threshold at 0.5-ms pulse width for the IPL increased from 0.69  0.14 V at implant to 1.50  0.34 V (P=0.003) at 12 weeks. The 12-week thresholds were higher for IPL compared with right ventricular endocardial leads (0.75  0.33 V; P=0.001) but not different compared with coronary sinus leads (1.33  0.58 V; P=0.994). IPL impedance increased from 742  46    at implant to 1066  207    at 12 weeks (P=0.007). R-wave amplitude at 12 weeks was 8.37  1.52 mV. There was no important phrenic nerve stimulation from IPL pacing. Histopathology in 8 animals showed adequate adhesion of the electrodes or mesh to the epicardium without damage to underlying vasculature. There was no evidence for late pericardial @entity0 or effusion. CONCLUSIONS: The IPL demonstrated adequate stability of position and acceptable electric parameters without @entity0 in this @entity1 model and offers a potential alternative to endocardial pacing leads.

title: Acute and chronic performance evaluation of a novel epicardial pacing lead placed by percutaneous subxiphoid approach in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Operative repair of @entity2 should improve left ventricular function. Despite its theoretic advantage, the mortality following this operation is high, and many @entity0 have severe @entity3 . The cardiac findings were studied in 18 @entity0 who died after repair of @entity2 . All hearts were examined at autopsy after postmortem coronary arteriography and fixation in a distended state. Five @entity0 in Group I had intractable fatal @entity3 , 7 in Group II initially had severe @entity3 that improved, and 6 in Group III did not have @entity3 . Curvature thickness indexes (CTIs) of the ventricular segments, which correlate with their pressure-producing activity, were determined in the 18 hearts. CTIs for the left ventricular free wall and septum were lower in Group I and Group II @entity0 with @entity3 than those in Group III without. The reduced CTIs in @entity0 with @entity1 appear to arise as a result of ventricular reconstruction that reduces ventricular wall curvature. The authors suggest that left ventricular function after @entity2 resection would be improved by inverting, rather than everting, the edges of the ventriculotomy, thereby increasing wall curvature and the CTI. Noninvasive determinations of the CTI may prove of value in guiding topographic reconstruction of ventricles with @entity2 .

title: The influence of cardiac geometry on the results of XXXX repair.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term reproducibility of macular ganglion cell analysis in clinically stable @entity2 @entity0 using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: One hundred nine eyes of 109 clinically stable @entity3 @entity0 with a localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect and a corresponding macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) defect were included in this retrospective, longitudinal study. Clinical stability was defined as showing no change on serial structural (stereo-disc and RNFL photography) and functional (visual field progression analysis) assessments. Three serial SD-OCT ( @entity4 ) peripapillary and macular scans taken at 6-month intervals were analyzed. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), test-retest standard deviation (TRTSD), and tolerance limit of area and angular width of @entity1 and GCIPL thickness measurements were assessed. RESULTS: The ICC of the GCIPL thickness parameters ranged from 0.966 to 0.992, and the CV from 2.0% to 5.5%. The TRTSD was the lowest for the average GCIPL thickness (1.45  m), the highest for the minimum GCIPL thickness (3.42  m), and varied from 1.54 to 2.16  m for the sectoral measurements. The ICC, CV, and TRTSD were 0.993, 3.9%, and 5.32   for angular width, and 0.930, 6.7%, and 0.27 mm2 for area of @entity1 . Measurement variances (TRTSD) for the GCIPL measurements showed no significant association with the glaucomatous severity. CONCLUSIONS: The macular GCIPL thickness and deviation maps showed excellent long-term intervisit reproducibility. Macular ganglion cell analysis can be considered as an effective means of monitoring glaucomatous progression in macula.

title: Long-Term Reproducibility of Macular Ganglion Cell Analysis in Clinically Stable XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term reproducibility of macular ganglion cell analysis in clinically stable @entity2 @entity0 using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: One hundred nine eyes of 109 clinically stable @entity3 @entity0 with a localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect and a corresponding macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) defect were included in this retrospective, longitudinal study. Clinical stability was defined as showing no change on serial structural (stereo-disc and RNFL photography) and functional (visual field progression analysis) assessments. Three serial SD-OCT ( @entity4 ) peripapillary and macular scans taken at 6-month intervals were analyzed. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), test-retest standard deviation (TRTSD), and tolerance limit of area and angular width of @entity1 and GCIPL thickness measurements were assessed. RESULTS: The ICC of the GCIPL thickness parameters ranged from 0.966 to 0.992, and the CV from 2.0% to 5.5%. The TRTSD was the lowest for the average GCIPL thickness (1.45  m), the highest for the minimum GCIPL thickness (3.42  m), and varied from 1.54 to 2.16  m for the sectoral measurements. The ICC, CV, and TRTSD were 0.993, 3.9%, and 5.32   for angular width, and 0.930, 6.7%, and 0.27 mm2 for area of @entity1 . Measurement variances (TRTSD) for the GCIPL measurements showed no significant association with the glaucomatous severity. CONCLUSIONS: The macular GCIPL thickness and deviation maps showed excellent long-term intervisit reproducibility. Macular ganglion cell analysis can be considered as an effective means of monitoring glaucomatous progression in macula.

title: Long-Term Reproducibility of Macular Ganglion Cell Analysis in Clinically Stable @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: QUESTION UNDER STUDY: To examine medicolegal stakeholders' views about the impact of professional liability insurance in Switzerland on @entity1 . METHODS: Purposive sample of 23 key medicolegal stakeholders in Switzerland from a range of fields between October 2012 and February 2013. Data were collected via individual, face-to-face interviews using a researcher-developed semi-structured interview guide. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using conventional content analysis. RESULTS: @entity0 , particularly those with a legal or quality background, reported that concerns relating to professional liability insurance often inhibited communication with @entity0 after a medical error. Healthcare providers were reported to be particularly concerned about losing their liability insurance cover for apologising to harmed @entity0 . It was reported that the attempt to limit the exchange of information and communication could lead to a conflict with @entity0 rights law. @entity0 reported that hospitals could, and in some case are, moving towards self-insurance approaches, which could increase flexibility regarding error communication CONCLUSION: The reported current practice of at least some liability insurance companies in Switzerland of inhibiting communication with harmed @entity0 after an error is concerning and requires further investigation. With a new ethic of transparency regarding medical errors now prevailing internationally, this approach is increasingly being perceived to be misguided. A move away from hospitals relying solely on liability insurance may allow greater transparency after errors. Legalisation preventing the loss of liability insurance coverage for apologising to harmed @entity0 should also be considered.

title: Professional liability insurance and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Importance: Whereas conventional actuarial @entity4 ( @entity4 ) estimates rely exclusively on static factors determined around the time of surgery, conditional survival ( @entity7 ) estimates take into account the years that a @entity0 has already survived. Objective: To define the @entity7 of @entity0 following liver resection for @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Design, Setting, and @entity0 : Between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2013, a total of 535 @entity0 who underwent resection of @entity6 were identified from an international multi-institutional database. In this retrospective international study conducted from January to June 2014, clinicopathological characteristics, operative details, and long-term survival data were analyzed. Conditional survival estimates were calculated as the probability of survival for an additional 3 years. Intervention: Resection of @entity6 . Main Outcomes and Measures: Overall survival and @entity7 . Results: While actuarial @entity4 decreased over time from 39% at 3 years to 16% at 8 years (P   =   .002), the 3-year @entity7 ( @entity7 ) increased over time among those @entity0 who survived. The @entity7 at 5 years-the probability of surviving to postoperative year 8 after having already survived to postoperative year 5-was 65% compared with 8-year @entity4 of 16% (P   =   .002). Factors that were associated with worse @entity4 included larger @entity2 size (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.05; P   =   .05), @entity3 (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.19-1.86; P   =   .01), lymph node @entity1 (HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.67-2.93; P   <   .01), and @entity5 (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10-1.75; P   =   .006). The calculated @entity7 exceeded the actuarial survival for all high-risk subgroups. For example, @entity0 with lymph node @entity1 had an actuarial @entity4 of 11% at 6 years vs a @entity7 of 49% at 3 years (  38%). Similarly, @entity0 with @entity5 had an actuarial @entity4 of 15% at 6 years compared with a @entity7 of 50% at 3 years (  35%). Conclusions and Relevance: Conditional survival estimates may provide critical quantitative information about the changing probability of survival over time among @entity0 undergoing liver resection for @entity6 . Therefore, such estimates can be of significant value to @entity0 and health care professionals.

title: Conditional Probability of Long-term Survival After Liver Resection for XXXX : A Multi-institutional Analysis of 535 @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Importance: Whereas conventional actuarial @entity4 ( @entity4 ) estimates rely exclusively on static factors determined around the time of surgery, conditional survival ( @entity7 ) estimates take into account the years that a @entity0 has already survived. Objective: To define the @entity7 of @entity0 following liver resection for @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Design, Setting, and @entity0 : Between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2013, a total of 535 @entity0 who underwent resection of @entity6 were identified from an international multi-institutional database. In this retrospective international study conducted from January to June 2014, clinicopathological characteristics, operative details, and long-term survival data were analyzed. Conditional survival estimates were calculated as the probability of survival for an additional 3 years. Intervention: Resection of @entity6 . Main Outcomes and Measures: Overall survival and @entity7 . Results: While actuarial @entity4 decreased over time from 39% at 3 years to 16% at 8 years (P   =   .002), the 3-year @entity7 ( @entity7 ) increased over time among those @entity0 who survived. The @entity7 at 5 years-the probability of surviving to postoperative year 8 after having already survived to postoperative year 5-was 65% compared with 8-year @entity4 of 16% (P   =   .002). Factors that were associated with worse @entity4 included larger @entity2 size (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.05; P   =   .05), @entity3 (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.19-1.86; P   =   .01), lymph node @entity1 (HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.67-2.93; P   <   .01), and @entity5 (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10-1.75; P   =   .006). The calculated @entity7 exceeded the actuarial survival for all high-risk subgroups. For example, @entity0 with lymph node @entity1 had an actuarial @entity4 of 11% at 6 years vs a @entity7 of 49% at 3 years (  38%). Similarly, @entity0 with @entity5 had an actuarial @entity4 of 15% at 6 years compared with a @entity7 of 50% at 3 years (  35%). Conclusions and Relevance: Conditional survival estimates may provide critical quantitative information about the changing probability of survival over time among @entity0 undergoing liver resection for @entity6 . Therefore, such estimates can be of significant value to @entity0 and health care professionals.

title: Conditional Probability of Long-term Survival After Liver Resection for @entity6 : A Multi-institutional Analysis of 535 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the outcome of Rhomboid excision and Modified Limberg's flap closure with excision and primary closure for the treatment of Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal sinus. METHODS: The study was conducted at the Surgical Department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from 2009 to 2012. A total of 60 @entity0 of @entity2 were randomly divided into two equal groups. The @entity0 were operated under general anaesthesia in prone position by Rhomboid excision and Modified Limberg's flap closure with a closed suction drain in group 1, and excision and primary closure over a drain in group 2. @entity0 were followed up for 12 months for surgical complications of the treatment. SPSS 17 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In group 1 there were 27(90%) males and 3(10%) females, while group 2 had 28(93.3%) males and 2(6.7%) females. The @entity1 rates were observed to be 2(7%) in group 1 and 8(26.6%) (p<0.038) in group 2. The recurrence rate was only 1(3.3%) in group 1 compared to 4(13.3%) in group 2. Average hospital stay was 1.63  0.67 days group 1 and 2.8  1.24 days in group 2. CONCLUSION: Modified Limberg's flap closure is an effective treatment modality for @entity2 with 1.5 times less @entity1 rate, 4 times less recurrence rate and 40% in-hospital time.

title: Modified Limberg's flap versus primary closure for treatment of XXXX : a comparative study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the activation of the affected lower limb on balance and the trunk hemiplegic mobility of @entity2 @entity0 . [Subjects] The gait group (GG) consisted of 6 subjects with @entity3 and the non-gait group (NGG) consisted of 6 hemiplegic subjects. [Methods] The subjects in both groups were given foot facilitation training once for 30   min. The Spinal @entity1 was used to measure the spinal alignment and the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and sensory tests were also performed. [Results] In the GG, the sacral hip in upright to flexion, the lumbar spine in upright to extension, and the sacral hip and lumbar spine in flexion to extension showed significant increases in their angles after the intervention. In addition, there was a significant increase in the angle of the lumbar spine during extension from an upright position in the NGG. The @entity4 scores of both groups also increased significantly. [Conclusion] The intervention resulted in improvements in the angle of anterior pelvic tilt in the GG, and subjects in the NGG showed more extension of the thorax, which was regarded as compensation to avoid falling forward when flexing from an upright position. However, when extending backward from an upright position, both groups tended to control balance by using more lumbar flexion to keep the center of mass (COM) within the base of support (BOS). Both groups had better @entity4 scores.

title: Immediate effects of the activation of the affected lower limb on the balance and trunk mobility of XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the activation of the affected lower limb on balance and the trunk hemiplegic mobility of @entity2 @entity0 . [Subjects] The gait group (GG) consisted of 6 subjects with @entity3 and the non-gait group (NGG) consisted of 6 hemiplegic subjects. [Methods] The subjects in both groups were given foot facilitation training once for 30   min. The Spinal @entity1 was used to measure the spinal alignment and the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and sensory tests were also performed. [Results] In the GG, the sacral hip in upright to flexion, the lumbar spine in upright to extension, and the sacral hip and lumbar spine in flexion to extension showed significant increases in their angles after the intervention. In addition, there was a significant increase in the angle of the lumbar spine during extension from an upright position in the NGG. The @entity4 scores of both groups also increased significantly. [Conclusion] The intervention resulted in improvements in the angle of anterior pelvic tilt in the GG, and subjects in the NGG showed more extension of the thorax, which was regarded as compensation to avoid falling forward when flexing from an upright position. However, when extending backward from an upright position, both groups tended to control balance by using more lumbar flexion to keep the center of mass (COM) within the base of support (BOS). Both groups had better @entity4 scores.

title: Immediate effects of the activation of the affected lower limb on the balance and trunk mobility of @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity6 , a third generation aromatase inhibitor is gaining importance in ovulation induction. Some prefer to use it as a second line agent in @entity0 who fail to respond to @entity7 . However, our knowledge about the predictors of response to @entity6 is limited. AIMS: The study was aimed at identifying the factors associated with @entity6 resistance among @entity0 with World Health Organization (WHO) group II @entity3 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Study was conducted at the @entity2 clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka. A case-control study design was used and included 50 subjects with WHO group II @entity3 (25 @entity5 responsive and 25 @entity5 resistant). After a treatment cycle of @entity6 , the factors were compared between the subjects who responded and those who failed to respond to treatment. RESULTS: Ovulation was achieved in 76% (n = 19) of subjects who had responded to @entity5 previously and in 24% (n = 6) with @entity5 resistance. The factors associated with @entity6 resistance included the presence of @entity4 (odds ratio [OR]: 3.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-12.3) and @entity5 resistance (OR: 10.03; 95% CI: 2.81-35.7). The early follicular phase mean (standard deviation) luteinizing hormone level was significantly higher among the nonresponders (9.75 [4.78] - 7.28 [2.3]; P = 0.02). Nonresponders showed significantly lower levels of @entity1 on the 5(th) and 9(th) days (28.50 [3.39] pg/mL vs. 7.49 [3.62] pg/mL; P = 0.0007 and 142.04 [76.22] pg/mL vs. 28.10 [12.8] pg/mL; P = 0.0001) of the menstrual cycle, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The features associated with resistance to @entity6 at a dose of 2.5 mg show some overlap with those associated with @entity5 resistance. However, some features do not show similar association. The effectiveness of @entity6 at a dose of 2.5 mg in induction of ovulation among @entity0 with @entity5 resistance is low and it does not seem to be a suitable treatment at a dose of 2.5 mg for this indication.

title: Factors associated with nonresponse to ovulation induction using XXXX among @entity0 with World Health Organization group II @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity6 , a third generation aromatase inhibitor is gaining importance in ovulation induction. Some prefer to use it as a second line agent in @entity0 who fail to respond to @entity7 . However, our knowledge about the predictors of response to @entity6 is limited. AIMS: The study was aimed at identifying the factors associated with @entity6 resistance among @entity0 with World Health Organization (WHO) group II @entity3 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Study was conducted at the @entity2 clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka. A case-control study design was used and included 50 subjects with WHO group II @entity3 (25 @entity5 responsive and 25 @entity5 resistant). After a treatment cycle of @entity6 , the factors were compared between the subjects who responded and those who failed to respond to treatment. RESULTS: Ovulation was achieved in 76% (n = 19) of subjects who had responded to @entity5 previously and in 24% (n = 6) with @entity5 resistance. The factors associated with @entity6 resistance included the presence of @entity4 (odds ratio [OR]: 3.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-12.3) and @entity5 resistance (OR: 10.03; 95% CI: 2.81-35.7). The early follicular phase mean (standard deviation) luteinizing hormone level was significantly higher among the nonresponders (9.75 [4.78] - 7.28 [2.3]; P = 0.02). Nonresponders showed significantly lower levels of @entity1 on the 5(th) and 9(th) days (28.50 [3.39] pg/mL vs. 7.49 [3.62] pg/mL; P = 0.0007 and 142.04 [76.22] pg/mL vs. 28.10 [12.8] pg/mL; P = 0.0001) of the menstrual cycle, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The features associated with resistance to @entity6 at a dose of 2.5 mg show some overlap with those associated with @entity5 resistance. However, some features do not show similar association. The effectiveness of @entity6 at a dose of 2.5 mg in induction of ovulation among @entity0 with @entity5 resistance is low and it does not seem to be a suitable treatment at a dose of 2.5 mg for this indication.

title: Factors associated with nonresponse to ovulation induction using @entity6 among @entity0 with World Health Organization group II XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity6 , a third generation aromatase inhibitor is gaining importance in ovulation induction. Some prefer to use it as a second line agent in @entity0 who fail to respond to @entity7 . However, our knowledge about the predictors of response to @entity6 is limited. AIMS: The study was aimed at identifying the factors associated with @entity6 resistance among @entity0 with World Health Organization (WHO) group II @entity3 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Study was conducted at the @entity2 clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka. A case-control study design was used and included 50 subjects with WHO group II @entity3 (25 @entity5 responsive and 25 @entity5 resistant). After a treatment cycle of @entity6 , the factors were compared between the subjects who responded and those who failed to respond to treatment. RESULTS: Ovulation was achieved in 76% (n = 19) of subjects who had responded to @entity5 previously and in 24% (n = 6) with @entity5 resistance. The factors associated with @entity6 resistance included the presence of @entity4 (odds ratio [OR]: 3.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-12.3) and @entity5 resistance (OR: 10.03; 95% CI: 2.81-35.7). The early follicular phase mean (standard deviation) luteinizing hormone level was significantly higher among the nonresponders (9.75 [4.78] - 7.28 [2.3]; P = 0.02). Nonresponders showed significantly lower levels of @entity1 on the 5(th) and 9(th) days (28.50 [3.39] pg/mL vs. 7.49 [3.62] pg/mL; P = 0.0007 and 142.04 [76.22] pg/mL vs. 28.10 [12.8] pg/mL; P = 0.0001) of the menstrual cycle, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The features associated with resistance to @entity6 at a dose of 2.5 mg show some overlap with those associated with @entity5 resistance. However, some features do not show similar association. The effectiveness of @entity6 at a dose of 2.5 mg in induction of ovulation among @entity0 with @entity5 resistance is low and it does not seem to be a suitable treatment at a dose of 2.5 mg for this indication.

title: Factors associated with nonresponse to ovulation induction using @entity6 among XXXX with World Health Organization group II @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of @entity1 ( @entity4 ) on microRNA-218 (miR-218) expression in @entity0 @entity3 cells. METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the differences in miR-218 expression between the @entity4 -sensitive BxPC-3 @entity3 cells and @entity4 -resistant PANC-1 cells. The effect of @entity4 on the expression of miR-218 in PANC-1 cells was also investigated. PANC-1 cells were transfected either with @entity2 siRNA to knock down the expression of @entity2 or with the recombinant @entity2 expression vector (pcDNA3.1- @entity2 ) to overexpress @entity2 . The effect of ectopic expression of @entity2 on the apoptosis of miR-218-transfected and @entity4 -treated PANC-1 cells was examined by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: The miR-218 expression level was lower in @entity4 -resistant PANC-1 cells compared to @entity4 -sensitive BxPC-3 cells (P<0.05). The percentage of apoptotic PANC-1 cells was significantly increased in the miR-218 mimic + @entity4 group compared to the mimic ctrl + @entity4 group and the normal control group (P<0.01). The @entity2 expression level was markedly decreased in PANC-1 cells transfected with @entity2 siRNA but was significantly increased in PANC-1 cells transfected with the recombinant @entity2 expression vector, pcDNA3.1- @entity2 (P<0.01). The proportion of apoptotic PANC-1 cells was significantly lower in the miR-218 mimic + @entity4 + pcDNA3.1- @entity2 group compared to the miR-218 mimic + @entity4 + @entity2 siRNA group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The expression level of miR-218 was downregulated in the @entity4 -resistant cell line. miR-218 promoted the sensitivity of PANC-1 cells to @entity4 , which was achieved mainly through regulating the expression of @entity2 in PANC-1 cells.

title: microRNA-218 promotes @entity1 sensitivity in @entity0 XXXX cells by regulating @entity2 expression.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of @entity1 ( @entity4 ) on microRNA-218 (miR-218) expression in @entity0 @entity3 cells. METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the differences in miR-218 expression between the @entity4 -sensitive BxPC-3 @entity3 cells and @entity4 -resistant PANC-1 cells. The effect of @entity4 on the expression of miR-218 in PANC-1 cells was also investigated. PANC-1 cells were transfected either with @entity2 siRNA to knock down the expression of @entity2 or with the recombinant @entity2 expression vector (pcDNA3.1- @entity2 ) to overexpress @entity2 . The effect of ectopic expression of @entity2 on the apoptosis of miR-218-transfected and @entity4 -treated PANC-1 cells was examined by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: The miR-218 expression level was lower in @entity4 -resistant PANC-1 cells compared to @entity4 -sensitive BxPC-3 cells (P<0.05). The percentage of apoptotic PANC-1 cells was significantly increased in the miR-218 mimic + @entity4 group compared to the mimic ctrl + @entity4 group and the normal control group (P<0.01). The @entity2 expression level was markedly decreased in PANC-1 cells transfected with @entity2 siRNA but was significantly increased in PANC-1 cells transfected with the recombinant @entity2 expression vector, pcDNA3.1- @entity2 (P<0.01). The proportion of apoptotic PANC-1 cells was significantly lower in the miR-218 mimic + @entity4 + pcDNA3.1- @entity2 group compared to the miR-218 mimic + @entity4 + @entity2 siRNA group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The expression level of miR-218 was downregulated in the @entity4 -resistant cell line. miR-218 promoted the sensitivity of PANC-1 cells to @entity4 , which was achieved mainly through regulating the expression of @entity2 in PANC-1 cells.

title: microRNA-218 promotes @entity1 sensitivity in @entity0 @entity3 cells by regulating XXXX expression.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of @entity1 ( @entity4 ) on microRNA-218 (miR-218) expression in @entity0 @entity3 cells. METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the differences in miR-218 expression between the @entity4 -sensitive BxPC-3 @entity3 cells and @entity4 -resistant PANC-1 cells. The effect of @entity4 on the expression of miR-218 in PANC-1 cells was also investigated. PANC-1 cells were transfected either with @entity2 siRNA to knock down the expression of @entity2 or with the recombinant @entity2 expression vector (pcDNA3.1- @entity2 ) to overexpress @entity2 . The effect of ectopic expression of @entity2 on the apoptosis of miR-218-transfected and @entity4 -treated PANC-1 cells was examined by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: The miR-218 expression level was lower in @entity4 -resistant PANC-1 cells compared to @entity4 -sensitive BxPC-3 cells (P<0.05). The percentage of apoptotic PANC-1 cells was significantly increased in the miR-218 mimic + @entity4 group compared to the mimic ctrl + @entity4 group and the normal control group (P<0.01). The @entity2 expression level was markedly decreased in PANC-1 cells transfected with @entity2 siRNA but was significantly increased in PANC-1 cells transfected with the recombinant @entity2 expression vector, pcDNA3.1- @entity2 (P<0.01). The proportion of apoptotic PANC-1 cells was significantly lower in the miR-218 mimic + @entity4 + pcDNA3.1- @entity2 group compared to the miR-218 mimic + @entity4 + @entity2 siRNA group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The expression level of miR-218 was downregulated in the @entity4 -resistant cell line. miR-218 promoted the sensitivity of PANC-1 cells to @entity4 , which was achieved mainly through regulating the expression of @entity2 in PANC-1 cells.

title: microRNA-218 promotes XXXX sensitivity in @entity0 @entity3 cells by regulating @entity2 expression.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of @entity1 ( @entity4 ) on microRNA-218 (miR-218) expression in @entity0 @entity3 cells. METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the differences in miR-218 expression between the @entity4 -sensitive BxPC-3 @entity3 cells and @entity4 -resistant PANC-1 cells. The effect of @entity4 on the expression of miR-218 in PANC-1 cells was also investigated. PANC-1 cells were transfected either with @entity2 siRNA to knock down the expression of @entity2 or with the recombinant @entity2 expression vector (pcDNA3.1- @entity2 ) to overexpress @entity2 . The effect of ectopic expression of @entity2 on the apoptosis of miR-218-transfected and @entity4 -treated PANC-1 cells was examined by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: The miR-218 expression level was lower in @entity4 -resistant PANC-1 cells compared to @entity4 -sensitive BxPC-3 cells (P<0.05). The percentage of apoptotic PANC-1 cells was significantly increased in the miR-218 mimic + @entity4 group compared to the mimic ctrl + @entity4 group and the normal control group (P<0.01). The @entity2 expression level was markedly decreased in PANC-1 cells transfected with @entity2 siRNA but was significantly increased in PANC-1 cells transfected with the recombinant @entity2 expression vector, pcDNA3.1- @entity2 (P<0.01). The proportion of apoptotic PANC-1 cells was significantly lower in the miR-218 mimic + @entity4 + pcDNA3.1- @entity2 group compared to the miR-218 mimic + @entity4 + @entity2 siRNA group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The expression level of miR-218 was downregulated in the @entity4 -resistant cell line. miR-218 promoted the sensitivity of PANC-1 cells to @entity4 , which was achieved mainly through regulating the expression of @entity2 in PANC-1 cells.

title: microRNA-218 promotes @entity1 sensitivity in XXXX @entity3 cells by regulating @entity2 expression.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Coagulase production is preserved in @entity0 cultures although growth was strongly reduced after irradiation with 90,000 rads by a 60Co source. Kinetic studies on the growth and coagulase formation by non-irradiated and irradiated bacteria are reported, using various antibiotics such as @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity1 . Both @entity2 (1-50 microgram/ml) and @entity3 (0.05-0.8 microgram/ml) added to @entity0 cultures reduce and finally inhibit growth rate and coagulase synthesis proportionally to their concentration in the medium; irradiated and non-irradiated cultures behave similarly to the inhibitory action of those antibiotics. @entity1 between 0.2-9.6 microgram/ml reduces growth, but enzyme production is slightly affected; high levels of coagulase are observed in non-growing cultures. @entity1 and gamma radiation affecting DNA give similar results: inhibition of growth but not of enzyme formation. Kinetics studies show that coagulase is synthesized during the first five minutes, either in irradiated or in non-irradiated cultures. Indication of a de novo synthesis, instead of a mere release of ready-formed enzyme, is given by using @entity2 or @entity3 which strongly inhibit coagulase production in irradiated @entity0 . Cultures treated by those antibiotics have their coagulase levels reduced to the same degree, were they irradiated or not; it is assumed that both types of cultures behave similarly, as far as enzyme production is concerned. A massive irradiation dose alone--or @entity1 in high concentrations alone--may suspend bacterial growth although enzyme synthesis continues. A similar result is obtained by combining lower irradiation doses with an appropriate antibiotic. The combined and/or synergistic actions of gamma radiation and antibiotics could successfully differentiate between the two cellular functions: growth and enzyme synthesis.

title: [Kinetic study on coagulase formation and growth of " XXXX ": comparative and combined action of antibiotics and gamma radiation (author's transl)].

answer: @entity0


abstract: RATIONALE: Traditionally, @entity3 complex (MAC) has been composed of @entity3 and @entity4 ; however, advances in genetic sequencing have allowed discovery of several novel species. With these discoveries, investigation of differences in risk factors, virulence, and clinical outcomes have emerged. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluating all MAC isolates obtained from pulmonary specimens at our institution from 2000 to 2012 and investigated the clinical courses associated with distinct MAC species. METHODS: To classify isolates into distinct species, a multilocus sequence analysis using rpoB and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) as targets was performed. We reviewed @entity0 medical records to analyze clinical characteristics and outcomes for the cohort. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the isolates from the 448 included @entity0 , 54% were @entity3 , 18% were @entity4 , and 28% were M. chimaera. Using American @entity2 Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America criteria, @entity0 whose isolates were identified as @entity3 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-3.44) or @entity4 (AOR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.62-5.99) were more likely to meet criteria for @entity1 than @entity0 with M. chimaera. @entity0 infected with M. chimaera were more likely to be prescribed an immunosuppressant compared with all other @entity0 (AOR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.17-6.40). @entity0 treated for infections with @entity3 (AOR, 5.64; 95% CI, 1.51-21.10) and M. chimaera (AOR, 4.47; 95% CI, 1.08-18.53) were more likely to have a clinical relapse/reinfection than those with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that specific MAC species have varying degrees of virulence and classifying MAC isolates into distinct species aids in identifying which @entity0 are at higher risk of clinical relapse/reinfection.

title: Comparison of Clinical Features, Virulence, and Relapse among XXXX Complex Species.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity4 experience limited activities of daily living (ADL). This is a cross-country comparison of the additive effects of Socioeconomics, health behaviors, and the number of medical comorbidities on disability among @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: The current study used a cross-sectional design. Data came from the Research on Early Life and Aging Trends and Effects (RELATE). The current analysis utilized data on elderly individuals (age >= 60 y) from 13 countries. The outcome was any ADL limitation (i.e. bathing, dressing, using toilet, transferring, lifting heavy things, shopping, and eating meals). Socioeconomics (i.e. age, gender, education, and income), health behaviors (i.e. exercise, smoking, and drinking), and number of chronic medical conditions (i.e. @entity3 , respiratory, @entity5 , @entity2 , and @entity1 ) were entered into country-specific logistic regressions, considering at least one limitation in ADL as the main outcome. RESULTS: Number of comorbid medical conditions and age were positively associated with disability in 85% of the countries. Physical activity and drinking were linked to disability in 54%and 31% of countries, respectively. Higher education and income were associated with lower disability in 31% and 23% of the countries, respectively. Female gender was associated with higher disability only in 15% of the countries. Smoking was not associated with disability, while the effects of socioeconomics, drinking, exercise, and medical comorbidities were controlled. CONCLUSION: @entity6 depend on the country; accordingly, locally designed health promotion interventions may be superior to the universal interventions for @entity0 with @entity4 . Medical comorbidities, however, should be universally diagnosed and treated.

title: Cross-Country Differences in the Additive Effects of Socioeconomics, Health Behaviors and Medical Comorbidities on Disability among Older Adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Importance: Sinus balloon catheter dilation (SBCD) has been used for @entity1 ( @entity1 ). It is necessary to evaluate its effect on @entity0 with @entity1 . Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of SBCD on pediatric @entity1 in China. Design, Setting, and @entity0 : A prospective case-control study was conducted from October 1, 2012, to May 31, 2013, in an academic tertiary referral hospital. @entity0 included a total of 79 @entity0 , aged 7 to 12 years, with @entity1 resistant to medical therapy. Interventions: Medical or SBCD treatment of pediatric @entity1 . Main Outcomes and Measures: Age, sex, and results of computed tomographic scan, SBCD (case group) or conservative treatment (control group), sinonasal-5 questionnaire (SN-5), and visual analog scale (VAS) were analyzed and compared. Results: Data from 79 of 96 @entity0 who had complete follow-up documents were statistically analyzed (42 @entity0 ; 37 @entity0 ; mean [SD] age, 9.3 [1.7] years). Compared with the preoperative scores, the SN-5 and VAS scores in @entity0 with @entity1 who underwent SBCD with or without adenoidectomy were significantly lower at 3 months (2.5 vs 4.3 for SN-5; P   <   .001; 3.1 vs 5.2 for VAS; P   <   .001) and at 1 year (2.9 vs 4.3 for SN-5; P   =   .001; 3.1 vs 5.2 for VAS; P   <   .001). Both SN-5 and VAS scores in the control group were significantly decreased at 3 months (3.1 vs 4.2 for SN-5; P   =   .001; 3.9 vs 5.1 for VAS; P   <   .001) but not significantly changed at 12 months (3.8 vs 4.2 for SN-5; P   =   .01; 4.9 vs 5.1 for VAS; P   =   .54). The SN-5 and VAS scores in the SBCD group were significantly lower than those for controls at 3 months (2.5 vs 3.1 for SN-5; P   =   .003; 3.1 vs 3.9 for VAS; P   =   .01) and at 1 year after surgery (2.9 vs 3.8 for SN-5; P   <   .001; 3.1 vs 4.9 for VAS; P   <   .001). By the 12-month SN-5 score evaluation, the rates of marked, moderate, and mild improvement were significantly better in the SBCD group (52% [22 of 42], 26% [11 of 42], and 14% [6 of 42], respectively) than in the control group (14% [5 of 37], 19% [7 of 37], and 11% [4 of 37], respectively) (P   <   .05 for all comparisons). Conclusions and Relevance: The SBCD procedure is a safe and effective technique for pediatric @entity1 resistant to medical therapy.

title: Sinus Balloon Catheter Dilation in XXXX Resistant to Medical Therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a promising intervention for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity3 on cognition and regional brain @entity4 metabolism (rBGM) in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: Subjects performed a twice-a-week, moderate intensity, @entity3 program for 24 weeks. Assessment with @entity6 -cog, a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and evaluation of rBGM with positron emission tomography with @entity5 ( @entity5 -PET) were performed before and after the intervention. Aerobic capacity was compared using the maximal @entity1 consumption VO2max (mL/Kg/min). @entity5 -PET data were analyzed on a voxel-by-voxel basis with SPM8 software. RESULTS: Forty subjects were included, with a mean (M) age of 70.3 (5.4) years and an initial Mini-Mental State Exam score of 27.4 (1.7). Comparisons using paired t-tests revealed improvements in the @entity6 -cog (M difference: -2.7 (3.7), p< 0.001) and VO2max scores (M difference: 1.8 (2.0) mL/kg/min, p< 0.001). Brain metabolic analysis revealed a bilateral decrease in the rBGM of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, pFWE=0.04. This rBGM decrease was negatively correlated with improvement in a visuospatial function/attentional test (rho=-0.31, p=0.04). Several other brain areas also showed increases or decreases in rBGM. Of note, there was an increase in the retrosplenial cortex, an important node of the default mode network, that was negatively correlated with the metabolic decrease in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (r=-0.51, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity3 improved cognition and changed rBGM in areas related to cognition in subjects with @entity2 .

title: Effects of Aerobic Training on Cognition and Brain XXXX Metabolism in Subjects with Mild @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a promising intervention for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity3 on cognition and regional brain @entity4 metabolism (rBGM) in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: Subjects performed a twice-a-week, moderate intensity, @entity3 program for 24 weeks. Assessment with @entity6 -cog, a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and evaluation of rBGM with positron emission tomography with @entity5 ( @entity5 -PET) were performed before and after the intervention. Aerobic capacity was compared using the maximal @entity1 consumption VO2max (mL/Kg/min). @entity5 -PET data were analyzed on a voxel-by-voxel basis with SPM8 software. RESULTS: Forty subjects were included, with a mean (M) age of 70.3 (5.4) years and an initial Mini-Mental State Exam score of 27.4 (1.7). Comparisons using paired t-tests revealed improvements in the @entity6 -cog (M difference: -2.7 (3.7), p< 0.001) and VO2max scores (M difference: 1.8 (2.0) mL/kg/min, p< 0.001). Brain metabolic analysis revealed a bilateral decrease in the rBGM of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, pFWE=0.04. This rBGM decrease was negatively correlated with improvement in a visuospatial function/attentional test (rho=-0.31, p=0.04). Several other brain areas also showed increases or decreases in rBGM. Of note, there was an increase in the retrosplenial cortex, an important node of the default mode network, that was negatively correlated with the metabolic decrease in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (r=-0.51, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity3 improved cognition and changed rBGM in areas related to cognition in subjects with @entity2 .

title: Effects of Aerobic Training on Cognition and Brain @entity4 Metabolism in Subjects with Mild XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In an observational study, complications of intrathecal catheter pumps necessitating surgical exchange were analyzed. Also the use of a high-volume prophylactic epidural blood patch (EBP) during surgery for preventing @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with a follow-up for 1 year is described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 22 @entity0 with refractory chronic @entity2 of @entity1 /noncancer origin or severe @entity3 , who were receiving intrathecal @entity5 including adjuvants or @entity6 for symptom relief, catheter exchange with or without pump was performed. In @entity0 with documented symptoms of @entity7 following initial intrathecal catheter implantation, a prophylactic EBP with a high blood volume was used for @entity7 prevention during surgery. Catheters were replaced using 40 mL EBP before entering dural space at a speed of 5mL/min into the epidural space. @entity0 were asked to quantify @entity2 experience and functional ability. RESULTS: From a sample of 72 @entity0 admitted for catheter exchange with or without pump, 22 @entity0 (33%) (12 male, 10 female) had a history of @entity7 following initial implantation. Diagnostic and therapeutic measures occurring with malfunction of intrathecal catheter pump systems were described. Twenty-one @entity0 were successfully treated with prophylactic EBP, while one @entity0 could not be properly evaluated because of @entity4 as the underlying disease. CONCLUSIONS: A new approach using a high-volume prophylactic EBP for preventing @entity7 following catheter exchange is presented. The efficacy and safety of this technique for 1 year follow-up have been evaluated and was found to be safe and potentially effective.

title: A new approach using high volume blood patch for prevention of XXXX following intrathecal catheter pump exchange.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Grade 4 blunt @entity2 (BCVI4) has a known, significant rate of @entity1 . However, little is known about the natural history of BCVI4 and the pathophysiology of subsequent @entity1 formation. METHODS: A 4-year review of @entity0 with BCVI4 at the R Adams @entity2 Center was performed. Rates of BCVI4-related @entity1 , @entity1 -related mortality, and overall mortality were calculated. The relationship of change in vessel characteristics and BCVI4-related @entity1 was examined, as was the mechanism of @entity1 formation. RESULTS: There were 82 BCVI4s identified, with 13 carotid artery (ICA) and 69 vertebral artery BCVI4s. BCVI4-related @entity1 rate was 2.9% in vertebral artery BCVI4 and 70% in ICA BCVI4 @entity0 surviving to reimaging. @entity1 mechanisms included @entity1 , @entity1 , and combined embolic and @entity1 . Peristroke vessel recanalization and an @entity1 mechanism were seen in 100% of @entity3 BCVI4-related @entity1 developing after admission. BCVI4-related @entity1 occurred within 10 hours of hospital admission in 67% of the @entity0 with @entity1 . Contraindications to anticoagulation were present in most @entity0 with BCVI4-related @entity1 developing after admission. CONCLUSION: Multiple etiologies of @entity1 formation exist in BCVI4. Early risk-benefit analysis for initiation of anticoagulation or antiplatelet agents should be performed in all @entity0 with BCVI4, and the use of endovascular vessel occlusion should be considered in those with true contraindications to anticoagulation. However, more aggressive medical therapy may be needed to lessen BCVI4-related @entity1 development. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, level IV; therapeutic study, level V.

title: Lethal now or lethal later: The natural history of Grade 4 blunt XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The recent growth in smokeless @entity2 (ST) consumption has raised questions about consumer risk perceptions of ST products, especially in high-risk vulnerable populations. This qualitative study examined risk perceptions of ST among adolescent and adult users and nonusers in Ohio Appalachia. Focus groups and interviews were held with adolescents (n  =  53; M age  =  17 years) and adults (n  =  63; M age  =  34 years) from four Ohio Appalachian counties. @entity0 were asked about their perceptions of ST-related health risks, ST safety, and the relative safety of ST compared with cigarettes. Transcriptions were coded independently by two individuals. Overall, @entity0 were knowledgeable about health problems from ST use (e.g., @entity1 , @entity3 ). Nearly all @entity0 stated that ST use is not safe; however, there was disagreement about its relative safety. Some perceived all @entity2 products as equally harmful; others believed that ST is safer than cigarettes for either the user or those around the user. Disagreements about ST relative safety may reflect mixed public health messages concerning the safety of ST. Comprehensive consumer messages about the relative safety of ST compared with cigarettes are needed. Messages should address the effect of ST on the health of the user as well as those exposed to the user.

title: Risk Perceptions of Smokeless XXXX Among Adolescent and Adult Users and Nonusers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS: Over the past decades the identification of several molecules that are expressed specifically in the lymphatic endothelial cells has resulted in marked advances in the field of lymphangiogenesis. We aimed to measure LVD in @entity2 @entity0 and to compare it with microvascular density (MVD) - a marker of angiogenesis - and @entity0 ' clinicopathological parameters and survival, as the measurement of lymphatic vessel density (LVD) has been documented in various @entity1 types, including @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty one @entity0 who had undergone surgical resection for stage I-III @entity2 entered this study. LVD and MVD were determined immunohistochemically with the use of D2-40 and @entity3 antibody respectively. The evaluation of LVD was performed by both visual and computer-aided image analysis. RESULTS: The majority of lymphatic vessels were located in the peritumoral areas rather than within the @entity1 . The results obtained from the image analyzer correlated significantly with the data obtained using visual counting with light microscopy. Both visual and image analysis LVD failed to correlate with @entity0 ' age and gender and @entity1 location, stage, grade, MVD count and survival. CONCLUSIONS: The biologic role of the lymphatic vasculature in @entity1 progression remains controversial. The present study failed to associate LVD with outcome markers and prognosis and further studies would be required to verify our results.

title: Role of lymphatic vessel density in XXXX : prognostic significance and clinicopathologic correlations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Pleckstrin homology domain and @entity1 rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 ( @entity4 ) is a member of the @entity2 / @entity3 family of phosphatases. It has been studied in organs including brain, heart, pancreas, adipose, breast, and prostate. @entity0 @entity4 encodes two splice variants - PHLPP1a (~140-150   kDa) and PHLPP1b (~180-190   kDa). Commercial antibodies are widely used to characterize @entity4 proteins in cells/tissues. Here we validate five different antibodies to detect PHLPP1a/b by Western blot using @entity4 WT/KO mice. All antibodies recognize PHLPP1b in brain. Only a single antibody (Cosmo Bio Co) detects PHLPP1a (~145-150   kDa). The other four antibodies detect a non-specific signal at ~150   kDa as evidenced by its abundance in @entity4 KO tissues. Results suggest Cosmo antibody is a better reagent to detect @entity4 a by Western blot. In contrast, we found it unsuitable for immunofluorescence applications in brain. Our findings caution interpretation of the ~150   kDa band detected by some @entity4 antibodies in rodent and @entity0 tissues. Results also recapitulate the importance of including molecular weight standards in Western blot data to simplify retrospective analysis.

title: Detection of PHLPP1a/b in XXXX and Mouse Brain by Different Anti-PHLPP1 Antibodies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether MRI allows the detection of @entity6 as a sign of repair of @entity1 compared with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) as a reference and whether the presence of @entity6 on HR-pQCT is linked to @entity3 and @entity5 on MRI. METHODS: A total of 103 @entity2 @entity0 underwent HR-pQCT and MRI of the dominant hand. The presence and size of @entity4 and the presence and extent (grades 0-2) of @entity6 were assessed by both imaging modalities, focusing on @entity7 and wrist joints. By MRI, the presence and grading of @entity5 and @entity3 were assessed according to the @entity2 MRI Score (RAMRIS). RESULTS: Parallel evaluation was feasible by both modalities on 126 @entity1 . Signs of @entity6 were found on 87 @entity4 by HR-pQCT and on 22 by MRI. False-positive results (MRI(+)CT(-)) accounted for 3%, while false-negative results (MRI(-)CT(+)) accounted for 76%. MRI sensitivity for the detection of @entity6 was 24% and specificity was 97%. The semi-quantitative scoring of @entity6 was reliable between MRI and HR-pQCT [intraclass correlation coefficient 0.917 (95% CI 0.884, 0.941), P < 0.001]. The presence of @entity6 on HR-pQCT showed a trend towards an inverse relationship to the occurrence and extent of @entity5 on MRI [  (2)(1) = 3.285;    coefficient = -0.124; P = 0.070] but not to @entity3 [  (2)(1) = 0.039;    coefficient = -0.14; P = 0.844]. CONCLUSION: MRI can only rarely detect @entity6 associated with @entity1 in @entity2 . Indeed, the sensitivity compared with HR-pQCT is limited, while the specificity is high. The presence of @entity5 makes @entity6 more unlikely, whereas the presence of @entity3 is not related to @entity6 .

title: A comparative analysis of magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the hand for the detection of erosion repair in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 progression has been linked to mechanics. Therefore, there has been recent interest in developing noninvasive imaging tools for @entity1 assessment that are sensitive to changes in tissue mechanical properties. We have developed one such method, modality independent elastography (MIE), that estimates the relative elastic properties of tissue by fitting anatomical image volumes acquired before and after the application of compression to biomechanical models. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the method using phantoms and a @entity2 @entity0 model. Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired, and the MIE method was used to estimate relative @entity3 . Accuracy was assessed using phantom data by comparing to gold-standard mechanical testing of elasticity ratios. Validation error was [Formula: see text]. Reproducibility analysis was performed on animal data, and within-subject coefficients of variation ranged from 2 to 13% at the bulk level and 32% at the voxel level. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the reproducibility of an elasticity imaging metric in a preclinical @entity1 model. Our results suggest that the MIE method can reproducibly generate accurate estimates of the relative mechanical @entity3 and provide guidance on the degree of change needed in order to declare biological changes rather than experimental error in future therapeutic studies.

title: Assessing the accuracy and reproducibility of modality independent elastography in a @entity2 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 progression has been linked to mechanics. Therefore, there has been recent interest in developing noninvasive imaging tools for @entity1 assessment that are sensitive to changes in tissue mechanical properties. We have developed one such method, modality independent elastography (MIE), that estimates the relative elastic properties of tissue by fitting anatomical image volumes acquired before and after the application of compression to biomechanical models. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the method using phantoms and a @entity2 @entity0 model. Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired, and the MIE method was used to estimate relative @entity3 . Accuracy was assessed using phantom data by comparing to gold-standard mechanical testing of elasticity ratios. Validation error was [Formula: see text]. Reproducibility analysis was performed on animal data, and within-subject coefficients of variation ranged from 2 to 13% at the bulk level and 32% at the voxel level. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the reproducibility of an elasticity imaging metric in a preclinical @entity1 model. Our results suggest that the MIE method can reproducibly generate accurate estimates of the relative mechanical @entity3 and provide guidance on the degree of change needed in order to declare biological changes rather than experimental error in future therapeutic studies.

title: Assessing the accuracy and reproducibility of modality independent elastography in a XXXX model of @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Invasive @entity1 is associated with poor prognosis requiring treatment with systemic chemotherapies usually including @entity4 . A consequence of prolonged treatment is the acquisition of resistance eventually resulting in the recurrence of highly metastatic @entity0 cells. To address the relationship between drug resistance and increased lymphatic metastatic potential, we used a 3D co-culture model of @entity0 cell spheroids of parent CCL227 cells and subclones with gradually increasing resistance against @entity4 . From each investigated cell line, homogeneous @entity0 spheroids were generated in the presence of methylcellulose yielding emboli of    700   m diameter. When invasive, @entity0 spheroids disrupt the continuous lymphendothelial cell (LEC) layer and generate a "circular chemorepellent induced defect" ( @entity2 ), reminiscent of the entry gates through which @entity0 emboli intravasate lymphatic vasculature. Here we provide evidence that increasingly chemoresistant @entity3 spheroids were strongly associated with enhanced intravasative properties. In na  ve CCL227 spheroids, miR-200 family members were released into exosomes thereby repressing the epithelial to mesenchymal transition-regulating transcription factors @entity5 and @entity7 in LEC. As a consequence of attenuated plasticity and migration of LEC, @entity2 formation was impaired. Loss of exosomal transferred @entity6 in resistant colon cells rendered LEC more susceptible to pro-migratory signals that were generated and directly transmitted by @entity3 spheroids. This observation indicates a common molecular axis in @entity3 and LEC where miR-200 family members act as regulators of ZEB proteins. The data support the notion that horizontal miR-200 signalling prevents the permeation of cells into adjacent epithelia and contributes to organ integrity.

title: Loss of miR-200 family in @entity4 resistant XXXX drives lymphendothelial invasiveness in vitro.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Invasive @entity1 is associated with poor prognosis requiring treatment with systemic chemotherapies usually including @entity4 . A consequence of prolonged treatment is the acquisition of resistance eventually resulting in the recurrence of highly metastatic @entity0 cells. To address the relationship between drug resistance and increased lymphatic metastatic potential, we used a 3D co-culture model of @entity0 cell spheroids of parent CCL227 cells and subclones with gradually increasing resistance against @entity4 . From each investigated cell line, homogeneous @entity0 spheroids were generated in the presence of methylcellulose yielding emboli of    700   m diameter. When invasive, @entity0 spheroids disrupt the continuous lymphendothelial cell (LEC) layer and generate a "circular chemorepellent induced defect" ( @entity2 ), reminiscent of the entry gates through which @entity0 emboli intravasate lymphatic vasculature. Here we provide evidence that increasingly chemoresistant @entity3 spheroids were strongly associated with enhanced intravasative properties. In na  ve CCL227 spheroids, miR-200 family members were released into exosomes thereby repressing the epithelial to mesenchymal transition-regulating transcription factors @entity5 and @entity7 in LEC. As a consequence of attenuated plasticity and migration of LEC, @entity2 formation was impaired. Loss of exosomal transferred @entity6 in resistant colon cells rendered LEC more susceptible to pro-migratory signals that were generated and directly transmitted by @entity3 spheroids. This observation indicates a common molecular axis in @entity3 and LEC where miR-200 family members act as regulators of ZEB proteins. The data support the notion that horizontal miR-200 signalling prevents the permeation of cells into adjacent epithelia and contributes to organ integrity.

title: Loss of miR-200 family in XXXX resistant @entity3 drives lymphendothelial invasiveness in vitro.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survivors of childhood @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are at risk for late @entity4 effects of @entity0 treatment, but conflicting evidence exists on the effects of @entity6 on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function and exercise capacity. PROCEDURE: We performed a cross-sectional study with comprehensive echocardiography in 138 adult survivors of childhood @entity2 , median 23.4 years after diagnosis. Pulsed tissue Doppler measurements of early diastolic mitral annular velocities (e') were used for the assessment of diastolic function, and compared to 138 matched controls. Of the survivors, 133 also performed ergospirometry measuring peak @entity1 uptake (VO2 max). Associations between @entity0 treatment, LV function, and VO2 max were analyzed. RESULTS: The survivor group had lower e' values than controls (e' septal 11.0 vs. 12.6   cm/s, P   <   0.001), but the difference was confined to the subgroup of @entity5 treated survivors (median cumulative dose 120   mg/m(2) ). @entity5 exposure was inversely correlated with e' (regression coefficient -1.581, P   =   0.009). Reduced VO2 max/kg occurred in 47% of the survivors, but more often in @entity5 treated survivors (56%) than @entity5 na  ve survivors (17%, P   <   0.001). @entity5 exposure was inversely correlated with VO2 max/kg (regression coefficient -3.084, P   =   0.05 in multivariate analysis). Furthermore, associations were observed between measures of LV function and VO2 max/kg, and e' was the best predictor of VO2 max/kg (standardized coefficient 0.355, P   <   0.001 in multivariate analysis). CONCLUSIONS: Adult survivors of childhood @entity2 have increased risk for @entity3 and impaired exercise capacity, both associated with previous @entity5 exposure. Furthermore, there is an association between LV diastolic function and exercise capacity. Pediatr @entity0    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Impaired exercise capacity and left ventricular function in long-term adult survivors of childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of separation for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) evaluations due to perinatal risk factors on breastfeeding practices among asymptomatic term newborns. METHODS: This observational study included 692 nulliparous @entity0 with term, singleton uncomplicated pregnancies who intended to breastfeed and whose @entity0 were well appearing at birth. We examined the rate of early breastfeeding initiation (within 2 hours of birth) and formula supplementation (in the first 24 hours) among this mother- @entity0 cohort. RESULTS: Asymptomatic @entity0 separated for @entity1 evaluation within 2 hours of birth were more likely to have delayed initiation of breastfeeding (46.5% vs 12.5%; P < .001). This association remained significant when adjusted for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4-8.9]; P < .001). Among @entity0 separated for @entity1 evaluation, mother- @entity0 time together of  <=0.5 hour in the first 2 hours of life significantly delayed initiation (aOR: 8.9 [95% CI: 1.5-53.7]; P = .02) compared with @entity0 spending >1.5 hours with their mothers. In bivariate analysis, both separation and initiation were associated with formula supplementation. After adjusting for confounders, only delayed initiation remained significantly associated with supplementation (aOR: 1.9 [95% CI: 1.1-3.5]; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Early separation of asymptomatic @entity0 from their mothers for @entity1 evaluation was significantly associated with delayed initiation of breastfeeding, which in turn was associated with increased formula supplementation in the first day of life. This unintended consequence of @entity1 evaluations among asymptomatic @entity0 may be minimized by delaying early separation for performance of the evaluation, attempting breastfeeding initiation before separation, and/or applying more efficient criteria for identifying @entity0 requiring evaluation.

title: Effect of Early-Onset XXXX Evaluations on In-Hospital Breastfeeding Practices Among Asymptomatic Term Neonates.

answer: @entity1


abstract: All well-characterized positive-strand RNA viruses[(+)RNA viruses] induce the formation of host membrane-bound viral replication complexes (VRCs), yet the underlying mechanism and machinery for VRC formation remain elusive. We report here the biogenesis and topology of the @entity1 (BBSV) replication complex. Distinct cytopathological changes typical of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) aggregation and vesiculation were observed in BBSV-infected Nicotiana benthamiana cells. Immunogold labeling of the auxiliary replication protein @entity0 and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) revealed that the ER-derived membranous spherules provide the site for BBSV replication. Further studies indicated that @entity0 plays a crucial role in mediating the ER rearrangement. Three-dimensional electron tomographic analysis revealed the formation of multiple ER-originated vesicle packets. Each vesicle packet enclosed a few to hundreds of independent spherules that were invaginations of the ER membranes into the lumen. Strikingly, these vesicle packets were connected to each other via tubules, a rearrangement event that is rare among other virus-induced membrane reorganizations. Fibrillar contents within the spherules were also reconstructed by electron tomography, which showed diverse structures. Our results provide the first, to our knowledge, three-dimensional ultrastructural analysis of membrane-bound VRCs of a plant (+)RNA virus and should help to achieve a better mechanistic understanding of the organization and microenvironment of plant (+)RNA virus replication complexes. IMPORTANCE: Assembly of virus replication complexes for all known positive-strand RNA viruses depends on the extensive remodeling of host intracellular membranes. @entity1 , a necrovirus in the family Tombusviridae, invaginates the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes to form spherules in infected cells. Double-stranded RNAs, the viral replication intermediate, and the viral auxiliary replication protein @entity0 are all localized within such viral spherules, indicating that these are the sites for generating progeny viral RNAs. Furthermore, the BBSV @entity0 protein could to some extent reorganize the ER when transiently expressed in N. benthamiana. Electron tomographic analysis resolves the three-dimensional (3D) architecture of such spherules, which are connected to the cytoplasm via a neck-like structure. Strikingly, different numbers of spherules are enclosed in ER-originated vesicle packets that are connected to each other via tubule-like structures. Our results have significant implications for further understanding the mechanisms underlying the replication of positive-strand RNA viruses.

title: Morphogenesis of Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane-Invaginated Vesicles during XXXX Infection: Role of Auxiliary Replication Protein and New Implications of Three-Dimensional Architecture.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The rate and impact of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 after total thyroidectomy for differentiated @entity2 (DTC) have not yet been fully determined. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of TGDR visualization in post total thyroidectomy @entity6 ( @entity6 ) for DTC and to evaluate its impact on the outcome of I-131 ablation. METHODS: A total of 60 consecutive DTC @entity0 (51 papillary thyroid Ca., and 9 Follicular thyroid Ca.), underwent total thyroidectomy, followed by @entity6 (using I-131 in 28 @entity0 and I-123 in 32 @entity0 ), neck ultrasound (US), @entity5 (Tg) and Tg anti-bodies (TgAb) assay after 40 days and subsequent I-131 ablation. At 6 months later follow-up I-131 @entity6 , neck U/S, Tg and TgAb were performed following suspension of @entity4 for 1-month (thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] >30  IU/ml) in 53 @entity0 and following recombinant @entity0 TSH stimulation in seven @entity0 . RESULTS: Of the studied 60 @entity0 , 19/60 (31.7%) had a linear or focal radioactivity at the superior midline of the neck, suggesting TGDR (Group 1), and 41/60 (68.3%) had no uptake to suggest TGDR (Group 2). No significant difference regarding age, gender and histopathology between both groups. Neck US showed no evidence of thyroid tissue in the superior midline of the neck in both groups, and only a small or no residual thyroid tissue in @entity0 of Group 1. There was a significant successful I-131 ablation rate among @entity0 of group 1 compared to group 2 (79% in Group 1 vs. 41.5% in Group 2) (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Thyroglossal duct remnant visualization on @entity6 of @entity3 subjects after total thyroidectomy suggests presence of only a small or no residual functioning thyroid tissue at the thyroid bed and can predict a good response to I-131 ablation.

title: Rate of thyroglossal duct remnant visualization after total thyroidectomy for differentiated XXXX and its impact on clinical outcome of radioactive iodine (I-131) ablation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of substances known to influence lipid peroxidation were studied in @entity2 lung microsomes by measuring the formation of @entity4 in vitro. Incubation of lung microsomes at 37 degrees C results in lipid peroxidation which appears to be an enzymatic process but is not dependent upon @entity0 . Lipid peroxidation can be initiated non-enzymatically in lung microsomes by @entity6 , but @entity7 and @entity1 have very little effect on @entity4 formation. The effects of @entity3 on lipid peroxidation are dependent upon the concentration of @entity6 in the incubation medium. At concentrations of @entity6 between 0.05 mM and 1 mM, addition of @entity3 causes an increase in lipid peroxidation over that produced by @entity6 alone. This stimulation by @entity3 is an enzymatic process and @entity5 is required for the maximal effect. Addition of @entity3 to lung microsomes in the presence of @entity1 does not increase @entity4 formation over that produced by @entity1 alone, suggesting that @entity3 does not influence lipid peroxidation by maintaining @entity0 in the reduced form. At concentrations of @entity6 greater than 1 mM, @entity3 inhibits @entity6 -induced lipid peroxidation in normal microsomes and in microsomes in which enzymes have been inactivated with heat. This latter result suggests that the inhibition by @entity3 is at least partially non-enzymatic. The result suggests that the inhibition by @entity3 is at least partially non-enzymatic. The results of all of these experiments are discussed and compared with those obtained during lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes. We conclude that the processes involved in pulmonary microsomal lipid peroxidation differ significantly from those in hepatic microsomes.

title: Lipid peroxidation in XXXX lung microsomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The rowi is a critically endangered species of kiwi. Young birds on a cr  che island showed loss of feathers from the ventral abdomen and a scurfy @entity2 and vent margin. Histology of skin biopsies identified cutaneous larval migrans, which was shown by molecular sequencing to be possibly from a species of Trichostrongylus as a cause of @entity4 and occasional ulcerative vent @entity4 . The predisposing factors that led to this disease are suspected to be the novel exposure of the rowi to parasites from seabirds or marine mammals due to the island cr  che and the limited management of roost boxes. This is the first instance of cutaneous larval migrans to be recorded in birds. Severe and fatal complications of the investigation resulted in the @entity1 of eight birds of @entity5 and @entity3 associated with the use of bark as a substrate in hospital. Another bird died of @entity0 during the period of hospitalisation despite oral and intravenous fluid therapy. The initiating cause of the @entity0 was not determined. These complications have the potential to undermine the working relationship between wildlife veterinarians and conservation managers. This case highlights that intensive conservation management can result in increased opportunities for novel routes of cross-species pathogen transmission.

title: XXXX in rowi (Apteryx rowi) due to cutaneous larval migrans.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of hepatectomy and primary closure of common bile duct for intrahepatic and extrahepatic calculi. METHODS: From January 2008 to May 2013, anatomic hepatectomy followed by biliary tract exploration without biliary drainage (non-drainage group) was performed in 43 @entity0 with intrahepatic and extrahepatic calculi. After hepatectomy, flexible choledochoscopy was used to extract residual stones and observe the intrahepatic bile duct and common bile duct (CBD) for determination of biliary stricture and dilatation. Function of the sphincter of Oddi was determined by manometry of the CBD. Primary closure of the CBD without T-tube drainage or bilioenteric anastomosis was performed when there was no biliary stricture or @entity6 . @entity4 and @entity8 were intravenously injected 2-3 d after surgery to prevent @entity1 due to intraoperative bile duct irrigation, and to maintain relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi, respectively. During the same period, anatomic hepatectomy followed by biliary tract exploration with biliary drainage (drainage group) was performed in 48 @entity0 as the control group. @entity3 and hospital stay were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no operative mortality in either group of @entity0 . Compared to intrahepatic and extrabiliary drainage, hepatectomy with primary closure of the CBD (non-drainage) did not increase the incidence of complications, including residual stones, bile leakage, @entity5 and @entity2 (P > 0.05). Postoperative hospital stay and costs were nevertheless significantly less in the non-drainage group than in the drainage group. The median postoperative hospital stay was shorter in the non-drainage group than in the drainage group (11.2    2.8 d vs 15.4    2.1 d, P = 0.000). The average postoperative cost of treatment was lower in the non-drainage group than in the drainage group (29325.6    5668.2 yuan vs 32933.3    6235.1 yuan, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Hepatectomy followed by choledochoendoscopic stone extraction without biliary drainage is a safe and effective treatment of hepatolithiasis combined with @entity7 .

title: Hepatectomy with primary closure of common bile duct for hepatolithiasis combined with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2 is an important @entity0 suppressor gene (TSG) and aberrant methylation of promoter is known to be a major inactivation mechanism of the @entity0 suppressor and @entity0 -related genes. Aberrant TSG methylation was considered an important epigenetic silencing mechanism in the progression of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, some studies have reported differences in the methylation frequencies of @entity2 promoter between @entity0 and the corresponding control group. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to better identify the association. METHODS: PubMed, Ovid, ISI Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched to identify eligible studies to evaluate the association of @entity2 promoter methylation and @entity1 . Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated to evaluate the strength of association between @entity2 promoter methylation and @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of twenty-one studies with 1155 cases and 1017 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The frequencies of @entity2 promoter methylation in the @entity0 group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( @entity0 group: median: 46.67%, range = 7.84%-95.12%; control group: median: 18.37%, range = 0-83.33%; respectively). The pooled odds ratio was 3.37 (95%CI = 2.32-4.90) in the @entity0 group versus the corresponding control group under the random-effects model. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis of 21 published studies identified that aberrant methylation of @entity2 promoter was found to be significantly associated with @entity1 .

title: Association between XXXX Promoter Methylation and @entity1 : A Meta-Analysis of 21 Published Studies.

answer: @entity2