abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the sex difference in the rates and co-occurring patterns in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity2 , Fourth Edition-referenced @entity2 symptoms among incoming first-year college students in Taiwan. METHODS: This was a college-based questionnaire survey. The @entity0 included 2731 incoming first-year college students (male, 52.4%; mean age, 19.3    2.6 years). The @entity0 completed the Chinese version of the Adult Self Report Inventory-4 for the assessment of a wide range of @entity2 symptoms according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity2 , Fourth Edition symptom criteria. The @entity0 rate was 74.1%. RESULTS: There were 55% of the @entity0 having at least one @entity2 symptom. Symptoms of @entity7 , body dysmorphic, and @entity6 were more prevalent in @entity0 ; those of @entity5 , @entity4 , conduct problems, @entity9 , and @entity1 were more prevalent in @entity0 . The magnitude of symptom correlations between @entity5 and @entity6 , dysthymia, and @entity8 , and between @entity6 and @entity3 was significantly greater in male @entity0 , whereas that between conduct problems and obsession and motor @entity4 was significantly greater in female @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese version of the Adult Self Report Inventory-4 identified similar sex difference in @entity2 symptoms as Western studies. The sex difference in co-occurring @entity2 conditions warrants further investigation.

title: Sex difference in the rates and co-occurring conditions of XXXX symptoms in incoming college students in Taiwan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether @entity9 (EA) has protective effect on @entity5 (ADR)-induced testicular and spermatozoal @entity2 associated with the oxidative stress in male @entity0 . Thirthy-two healthy 8-week-old male @entity0 were equally divided into four groups. The first (EA) group was treated with EA (2 mg/kg/every other day) by gavage. The second (ADR) group received ADR (2 mg/kg/once a week) intraperitoneally, while the combination of ADR and EA was given to the third (ADR+EA) group. The forth (control) group was treated with placebo. At the end of the 8-week treatment period, reproductive organ weights, epididymal sperm parameters, histopathological changes and apoptosis via @entity8 and @entity6 proteins, testicular tissue lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities, were investigated. ADR administration was determined to cause significant decreases in reproductive organ weights, epididymal sperm concentration and motility, plasma @entity4 concentration, diameter of seminiferous tubules, germinal cell layer thickness, Johnsen's testicular score and @entity6 positive antiapoptotic cell rate, wherease it caused significant increases in level of lipid peroxidation and @entity7 , catalase activity, abnormal sperm rates and @entity8 positive apoptotic cell rates along with degeneration, @entity1 , immature germ cells, congestion and @entity3 in testicular tissue when compared with the control group. EA administration to ADR-treated @entity0 provided significant improvements in ADR-induced disturbed oxidant/antioxidant balance, decreased @entity4 concentration, testicular apoptosis and mild improvements in the histopathological view of the testicular tissue. However, EA failed to improve decreased reproductive organ weights and deteriorated sperm parameters due to ADR administration. It is concluded that while ADR has direct or indirect (lipid peroxidation) negative effects on sperm structure and testicular apoptosis in @entity0 , EA has protective effects on ADR-induced testicular lipid peroxidation and apoptosis.

title: Impact of @entity9 on XXXX -induced testicular histopathological lesions, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and sperm damages.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether @entity9 (EA) has protective effect on @entity5 (ADR)-induced testicular and spermatozoal @entity2 associated with the oxidative stress in male @entity0 . Thirthy-two healthy 8-week-old male @entity0 were equally divided into four groups. The first (EA) group was treated with EA (2 mg/kg/every other day) by gavage. The second (ADR) group received ADR (2 mg/kg/once a week) intraperitoneally, while the combination of ADR and EA was given to the third (ADR+EA) group. The forth (control) group was treated with placebo. At the end of the 8-week treatment period, reproductive organ weights, epididymal sperm parameters, histopathological changes and apoptosis via @entity8 and @entity6 proteins, testicular tissue lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities, were investigated. ADR administration was determined to cause significant decreases in reproductive organ weights, epididymal sperm concentration and motility, plasma @entity4 concentration, diameter of seminiferous tubules, germinal cell layer thickness, Johnsen's testicular score and @entity6 positive antiapoptotic cell rate, wherease it caused significant increases in level of lipid peroxidation and @entity7 , catalase activity, abnormal sperm rates and @entity8 positive apoptotic cell rates along with degeneration, @entity1 , immature germ cells, congestion and @entity3 in testicular tissue when compared with the control group. EA administration to ADR-treated @entity0 provided significant improvements in ADR-induced disturbed oxidant/antioxidant balance, decreased @entity4 concentration, testicular apoptosis and mild improvements in the histopathological view of the testicular tissue. However, EA failed to improve decreased reproductive organ weights and deteriorated sperm parameters due to ADR administration. It is concluded that while ADR has direct or indirect (lipid peroxidation) negative effects on sperm structure and testicular apoptosis in @entity0 , EA has protective effects on ADR-induced testicular lipid peroxidation and apoptosis.

title: Impact of XXXX on @entity5 -induced testicular histopathological lesions, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and sperm damages.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Seasonal influenza epidemics cause @entity2 and @entity1 each year, and the emergence of antigenically novel @entity3 viruses are a continual pandemic threat. Disease and @entity1 can be averted by vaccination. The potency of killed virus vaccines is based on hemagglutinin (HA) content. However, antibodies that inhibit enzyme activity of the neuraminidase (NA) also reduce virus replication and protect against disease. Monoclonal NA-inhibiting (NI) antibodies recognize conformational epitopes, and it is anticipated that native tertiary structure is required for their induction. NA assembles as a tetramer and only this form has enzyme activity. Since small inhibitors of NA do not significantly alter conformation, we sought to determine whether neuraminidase-inhibiting (NI) antibodies would be induced by inhibitor-inactivated NA. We therefore evaluated responses of @entity0 immunized with purified NA that was either inactivated by addition of @entity4 or denatured by heat treatment. NI antibodies were induced following immunization with NA from A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2) in which enzyme activity was inhibited by the former method but not the latter. Protection of @entity0 against challenge with virus containing an antigenically matched NA correlated with the detection of NI antibodies in serum. Similar results were obtained when @entity0 were immunized with whole H1N1 virus in which NA activity had been inhibited by the same two modalities. This demonstrates that native conformation of NA is necessary for induction of NI antibodies; enzyme activity provides a useful marker of intact structure, but absence of activity in NA that is correctly folded does not result in loss of immunogenicity. Thus any assay to assess potency of influenza vaccines with respect to NA content should consider the proportion of NA that is in a structurally native state.

title: Influenza neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies are induced in the presence of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Pure rabbit antithrombin III was isotope labeled (with 125I or 3H) by two different methods; neither procedure caused a loss of antithrombin activity although both methods affected the affinity of the protein for Sepharose-heparin. From segments from freshly excised @entity0 aorta, the uptake of isotope-labeled antithrombin III by the endothelium was rapid and saturable, although relatively small compared to the uptake of @entity1 ; binding of 3H-antithrombin III to the endothelium resembled that of 125I-antithrombin III. Transendothelial passage of antithrombin III into the subendothelial layers (intima-media) was slow and progressive. Endothelium binding was not affected by pretreating the vessel with either heparin, @entity1 , or glycosaminoglycan-specific enzymes. Endothelium-bound antithrombin III was not selectively displaced by either heparin or @entity1 . In contrast, endothelium-bound @entity1 was rapidly dislodged by antithrombin III as a @entity1 -antithrombin III complex. The surface of the deendothelialized aorta (ie, subjected to a balloon catheter) bound antithrombin III avidly. Pretreatment of the deendothelialized vessel with glycosaminoglycan-specific enzymes, particularly heparitinase, decreased intima-media binding by up to 80%. 125I-antithrombin III, when bound to the deendothelialized vessel surface, was actively displaced by either heparin, @entity1 , or by unlabeled antithrombin III. The relatively poor binding of antithrombin III compared with that of @entity1 by the endothelium in vitro supports an earlier proposal (Lollar P, Owen WG: J Clin Invest 66:1222-1230, 1980) that @entity1 bound to high-affinity sites, possibly pericellular proteoglycan, of the endothelium is inactivated by plasma antithrombin III in vivo. Such a situation probably holds for large arteries at least.

title: On the interaction of rabbit antithrombin III with the luminal surface of the normal and deendothelialized XXXX thoracic aorta in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Patency of 40 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and 40 autogenous vein arteriovenous grafts for vascular access among 56 @entity0 is compared. Most @entity0 required access for hemodialysis, but six grafts were for other reasons including hyperalimentation and drug administration. Cumulative patency at 3 years for both PTFE grafts and vein grafts was 64%. The complication rate necessitating secondary operation was more than three times greater in the PTFE group in which 35 secondary procedures were needed. No grafts became infected as a result of the initial operation, but eight serious complications were associated with subsequent infection of PTFE grafts and three with vein grafts, including postcannulation @entity2 , abscess, and @entity1 . Twenty-six PTFE grafts developed associated @entity5 in the runoff vein. This was demonstrated with angiography in 10 and the stenoses were excised and grafted, one being dilated by intravascular balloon. In 16 @entity3 was the first indication of @entity5 . Histologically narrowed runoff veins showed @entity6 . Runoff @entity5 did not occur among vein grafts, but in eight vein grafts themselves became stenotic. These results indicate that owing to a higher complication rate with PTFE grafts, vein grafts should be used when possible.

title: Medium-term follow-up of forty autogenous vein and forty XXXX (Gore-Tex) grafts for vascular access.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 with advanced @entity0 have been treated with sequential chemo-hormonotherapy consisting of @entity4 20 mg/day orally for 14 consecutive days, followed by no therapy for ten days, then @entity3 0.625 mg/day orally for three days; the next day @entity7 200 mg/m2 i.v. and @entity5 600 mg/m2 i.v.; after 24 hours @entity8 200 mg/m2 i.v. and @entity6 600 mg/m2 i.v. Fifteen @entity1 were evaluable for response, 22 were evaluable for @entity2 . All but one were heavily pretreated with chemo and/or hormonotherapy. Nine of 15 had previously received palliative CMF ( @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity6 ) (mean 9 cycles), and one @entity1 12 cycles adjuvant CMF. Thirteen of 15 previously received @entity4 (median treatment of 18 months). Six @entity1 had multiple metastatic disease, while five had visceral involvement. They were all postmenopausal, with median age 57 years, and median disease-free interval 31 months. ER status was not known and the median ECOG performance status was 1. Overall response rate was 20%. Only one @entity1 attained complete remission; 46.6% were stable disease and 33.3% progressive disease. Accepting that the response rate is very low in pretreated @entity1 , this 20% can be significant. Ninety cycles were administered to 22 @entity1 and the treatment was very well tolerated: both hematologic and nonhematologic @entity2 were mild.

title: Modulated chemo-hormonotherapy in advanced XXXX . A pilot study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. Blood was collected from the utero-ovarian vein of @entity0 on days 3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the oestrous cycle, and from animals injected with @entity4 over days 4-6 and used on day 7. The content of @entity5 and E(2) was determined by bio-assay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and of @entity2 by competitive protein binding assay.2. The concentration of @entity5 on day 3 was 14.1 ng/ml.; it fell below detectable limits on day 7, but after day 11 the concentration rose to between 15.7-17.2 ng/ml. A value of 60.7 ng/ml. was recorded on day 15.3. The release of @entity5 was increased in animals pre-treated with @entity4 but was below threshold levels in similarly treated hysterectomized females.4. @entity1 was not detectable in blood collected on days 3, 9, 10, 11 and 12. From a threshold value of 1.1 ng/ml. on day 13, the concentration rose to 5.4 ng/ml. on day 14 and to 54.9 ng/ml. on day 15.5. The @entity2 concentration rose from 66 ng/ml. on day 3 to values of 80-180 ng/ml. between days 9-14. It fell to 45 ng/ml. between days 14 and 15.6. This work establishes that @entity5 is released into the @entity3 , and that its concentration fluctuates in the course of the oestrous cycle and can be related to changes in luteal function.

title: The release of prostaglandins and XXXX into the @entity3 of @entity0 during the oestrous cycle and following @entity4 treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Blood was collected from the utero-ovarian vein of @entity0 on days 3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the oestrous cycle, and from animals injected with @entity4 over days 4-6 and used on day 7. The content of @entity5 and E(2) was determined by bio-assay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and of @entity2 by competitive protein binding assay.2. The concentration of @entity5 on day 3 was 14.1 ng/ml.; it fell below detectable limits on day 7, but after day 11 the concentration rose to between 15.7-17.2 ng/ml. A value of 60.7 ng/ml. was recorded on day 15.3. The release of @entity5 was increased in animals pre-treated with @entity4 but was below threshold levels in similarly treated hysterectomized females.4. @entity1 was not detectable in blood collected on days 3, 9, 10, 11 and 12. From a threshold value of 1.1 ng/ml. on day 13, the concentration rose to 5.4 ng/ml. on day 14 and to 54.9 ng/ml. on day 15.5. The @entity2 concentration rose from 66 ng/ml. on day 3 to values of 80-180 ng/ml. between days 9-14. It fell to 45 ng/ml. between days 14 and 15.6. This work establishes that @entity5 is released into the @entity3 , and that its concentration fluctuates in the course of the oestrous cycle and can be related to changes in luteal function.

title: The release of prostaglandins and @entity2 into the @entity3 of @entity0 during the oestrous cycle and following XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. Blood was collected from the utero-ovarian vein of @entity0 on days 3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the oestrous cycle, and from animals injected with @entity4 over days 4-6 and used on day 7. The content of @entity5 and E(2) was determined by bio-assay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and of @entity2 by competitive protein binding assay.2. The concentration of @entity5 on day 3 was 14.1 ng/ml.; it fell below detectable limits on day 7, but after day 11 the concentration rose to between 15.7-17.2 ng/ml. A value of 60.7 ng/ml. was recorded on day 15.3. The release of @entity5 was increased in animals pre-treated with @entity4 but was below threshold levels in similarly treated hysterectomized females.4. @entity1 was not detectable in blood collected on days 3, 9, 10, 11 and 12. From a threshold value of 1.1 ng/ml. on day 13, the concentration rose to 5.4 ng/ml. on day 14 and to 54.9 ng/ml. on day 15.5. The @entity2 concentration rose from 66 ng/ml. on day 3 to values of 80-180 ng/ml. between days 9-14. It fell to 45 ng/ml. between days 14 and 15.6. This work establishes that @entity5 is released into the @entity3 , and that its concentration fluctuates in the course of the oestrous cycle and can be related to changes in luteal function.

title: The release of prostaglandins and @entity2 into the XXXX of @entity0 during the oestrous cycle and following @entity4 treatment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. Blood was collected from the utero-ovarian vein of @entity0 on days 3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the oestrous cycle, and from animals injected with @entity4 over days 4-6 and used on day 7. The content of @entity5 and E(2) was determined by bio-assay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and of @entity2 by competitive protein binding assay.2. The concentration of @entity5 on day 3 was 14.1 ng/ml.; it fell below detectable limits on day 7, but after day 11 the concentration rose to between 15.7-17.2 ng/ml. A value of 60.7 ng/ml. was recorded on day 15.3. The release of @entity5 was increased in animals pre-treated with @entity4 but was below threshold levels in similarly treated hysterectomized females.4. @entity1 was not detectable in blood collected on days 3, 9, 10, 11 and 12. From a threshold value of 1.1 ng/ml. on day 13, the concentration rose to 5.4 ng/ml. on day 14 and to 54.9 ng/ml. on day 15.5. The @entity2 concentration rose from 66 ng/ml. on day 3 to values of 80-180 ng/ml. between days 9-14. It fell to 45 ng/ml. between days 14 and 15.6. This work establishes that @entity5 is released into the @entity3 , and that its concentration fluctuates in the course of the oestrous cycle and can be related to changes in luteal function.

title: The release of prostaglandins and @entity2 into the @entity3 of XXXX during the oestrous cycle and following @entity4 treatment.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a clinical entity characterized by @entity2 usually originating from a perforated mucinous @entity1 . Currently optimal therapy is considered complete @entity1 removal (complete cytoreduction) combined with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy. When complete cytoreduction is not achievable, major @entity1 debulking is undertaken. The long-term follow-up of @entity0 undergoing surgery for perforated @entity1 in a national @entity4 center is reported. METHODS: Between March 1994 and July 2009, 456 @entity0 with @entity4 from perforated @entity1 underwent surgery. The treatment strategy involved a combination of cytoreductve surgery aiming for @entity1 removal, combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with @entity3 . Where @entity1 removal was not possible, maximal @entity1 debulking was performed. Perioperative outcomes and predicted 5- and 10-year survival are reported. RESULTS: Overall 15 of 456 (3%) @entity1 were not resectable at laparotomy. Of the 441 @entity0 who had resection, 289 (66%) had complete cytoreduction and 152 (34%) had major @entity1 debulking. Postoperative in-hospital mortality was 1.6% and grade 3/4 morbidity was 7%. The Kaplan-Meier method predicted 5- and 10-year overall survival of 69% and 57%, respectively. Five- and 10-year predicted survival was 87% and 74% for the 289 @entity0 who had complete cytoreduction compared with 34% and 23% for the 152 who had major @entity1 debulking. CONCLUSION: @entity1 removal was achieved in 289 of 441 (66%) @entity0 with peritoneal dissemination from perforated @entity1 with good long-term survival and probable cure in more than two-thirds.

title: Operative findings, early complications, and long-term survival in 456 @entity0 with XXXX of appendiceal origin.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a clinical entity characterized by @entity2 usually originating from a perforated mucinous @entity1 . Currently optimal therapy is considered complete @entity1 removal (complete cytoreduction) combined with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy. When complete cytoreduction is not achievable, major @entity1 debulking is undertaken. The long-term follow-up of @entity0 undergoing surgery for perforated @entity1 in a national @entity4 center is reported. METHODS: Between March 1994 and July 2009, 456 @entity0 with @entity4 from perforated @entity1 underwent surgery. The treatment strategy involved a combination of cytoreductve surgery aiming for @entity1 removal, combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with @entity3 . Where @entity1 removal was not possible, maximal @entity1 debulking was performed. Perioperative outcomes and predicted 5- and 10-year survival are reported. RESULTS: Overall 15 of 456 (3%) @entity1 were not resectable at laparotomy. Of the 441 @entity0 who had resection, 289 (66%) had complete cytoreduction and 152 (34%) had major @entity1 debulking. Postoperative in-hospital mortality was 1.6% and grade 3/4 morbidity was 7%. The Kaplan-Meier method predicted 5- and 10-year overall survival of 69% and 57%, respectively. Five- and 10-year predicted survival was 87% and 74% for the 289 @entity0 who had complete cytoreduction compared with 34% and 23% for the 152 who had major @entity1 debulking. CONCLUSION: @entity1 removal was achieved in 289 of 441 (66%) @entity0 with peritoneal dissemination from perforated @entity1 with good long-term survival and probable cure in more than two-thirds.

title: Operative findings, early complications, and long-term survival in 456 XXXX with @entity4 of appendiceal origin.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical safety and effectiveness of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy in @entity0 with acute massive lower extremity @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive @entity0 with acute massive lower extremity @entity1 were included in this retrospective study. An inferior vena cava filter was placed prophylactically to protect against @entity2 in each @entity0 . Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy was performed using a 7F Amplatz thrombectomy device in an angiography suite through ipsilateral popliteal vein access. Anticoagulant therapy lasted for at least 6 months. Follow-up data included 1 year's color duplex sonography and clinical interviews. RESULTS: Successful placement of an inferior vena cava filter was achieved in all 25 (100%) @entity0 . Twenty-two @entity0 (88%) were clinically asymptomatic within 24 hours, whereas the remaining 3 @entity0 (12%) showed moderate improvement within 48 hours. Venogram at discharge showed grade III lysis in 23 @entity0 (92%) and grade II lysis in 2 @entity0 (8%). No serious complications were reported during hospitalization in this study. At 1-year follow-up, no recurrent @entity1 was reported; 1 @entity0 developed a mild @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy is a safe and effective treatment for acute massive lower extremity @entity1 and shows promising clinical mid-term results.

title: Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy for acute massive lower extremity XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Treatment of @entity2 @entity0 with adoptively transferred @entity1 infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has developed into an effective therapy. Various studies reported objective responses of 50% and more. The use of unselected, minimally cultured, bulk TIL (Young-TIL) has simplified the TIL production process and may therefore, allow the accessibility of this approach to @entity1 centers worldwide. This article describes the precise process leading to the large-scale production of Young-TIL for therapy. We have enrolled 55 @entity2 @entity0 and optimized their Young-TIL generation process. Young-TIL cultures were successfully established for 51 of 55 (93%) @entity0 in 16.7    5.5 days. In a large-scale expansion procedure Young-TIL of 32 @entity0 were further expanded to treatment levels, resulting in a final number of 4.5 x 10         2.0 x 10      TIL. Fifteen of 31 (48%) @entity0 , who were evaluated, achieved a clinical response, including 4 complete and 11 partial responses. We confirmed the significant correlation between short culture duration, high number of infused cells, and @entity1 regression. A high percentage of @entity3 T cells in the infusion product was beneficial to achieve an objective response. All responding @entity0 were treated with Young-TIL cultures established in < 20 days. In summary, we describe here an efficient and reliable method to generate Young-TIL for adoptive transfer therapy, which may easily be adopted by other @entity1 centers and can lead to objective responses in 50% of refractory @entity2 @entity0 . In the future this approach may be used also in other types of @entity1 .

title: Establishment and large-scale expansion of minimally cultured "young" XXXX infiltrating lymphocytes for adoptive transfer therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Surgery is the standard treatment for @entity0 in the chronic phase of @entity4 . Reconstructive surgeries function by either shortening the convex side of the tunica albuginea (Nesbit procedure, Yachia technique and penile plication) or lengthening the concave side by incision of the plaque with subsequent grafting. Tunical shortening procedures are ideal for @entity0 with good erectile capacity, penile curvatures less than 60   and predicted postprocedural length loss of less than 20% of erect penis length. Tunical lengthening procedures with grafting are indicated in @entity0 with severe penile length loss, curvatures greater than 60   and prominent hourglass deformities. Saphenous vein and tunica albuginea are the most commonly used autologous graft materials. Cadaveric or @entity2 pericardium and 4-layer small intestinal submucosa are promising nonautologous tissues. Penile implantation of a prosthesis is the standard procedure in @entity0 with @entity3 who do not respond to conservative treatment. If residual penile curvature is less than 30   after implantation, no further treatment is required. However, residual curve of greater than 30   can be straightened with manual modeling. Additional procedures such as penile plication, the Nesbit procedure, or grafting can be performed if modeling fails to correct the @entity1 .

title: Current status of the surgical management of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The balanced action of both pre- and postsynaptic organizers regulates the formation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ). The precise mechanisms that control the regional specialization of @entity1 receptor (AChR) aggregation, guide ingrowing axons and contribute to correct synaptic patterning are unknown. Synaptic activity is of central importance and to understand synaptogenesis, it is necessary to distinguish between activity-dependent and activity-independent processes. By engineering a mutated fetal AChR subunit, we used homologous recombination to develop a @entity0 line that expresses AChR with massively reduced open probability during embryonic development. Through histological and immunochemical methods as well as electrophysiological techniques, we observed that endplate anatomy and distribution are severely aberrant and innervation patterns are completely disrupted. Nonetheless, in the absence of activity AChRs form postsynaptic specializations attracting motor axons and permitting generation of multiple nerve/muscle contacts on individual fibers. This process is not restricted to a specialized central zone of the diaphragm and proceeds throughout embryonic development. Phenotypes can be attributed to separate activity-dependent and -independent pathways. The correct patterning of synaptic connections, prevention of multiple contacts and control of nerve growth require AChR-mediated activity. In contrast, myotube survival and @entity1 -mediated dispersal of AChRs are maintained even in the absence of AChR-mediated activity. Because @entity0 models in which @entity1 is entirely absent do not display similar effects, we conclude that @entity1 binding to the AChR initiates activity-dependent and activity-independent pathways whereby the AChR modulates formation of the NMJ.

title: Novel XXXX model reveals distinct activity-dependent and -independent contributions to synapse development.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The mitotic checkpoint functions to ensure accurate chromosome segregation by regulating the progression from metaphase to anaphase. Once the checkpoint has been satisfied, it is inactivated in order to allow the cell to proceed into anaphase and complete the cell cycle. The minus end-directed microtubule motor dynein/dynactin has been implicated in the silencing of the mitotic checkpoint by "stripping" checkpoint proteins off kinetochores. A recent study suggested that @entity1 ( @entity2 ) stimulates dynein/dynactin-mediated transport of its cargo including @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We analyzed the effects of @entity2 on dynein/dynactin dependent transport of the RZZ ( @entity3 , Roughdeal, @entity8 ) complex as well as other kinetochore components from kinetochores to spindle poles. Through this approach we have catalogued several kinetochore and centromere components as dynein/dynactin cargo. These include @entity3 , @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity5 , @entity0 , @entity7 , @entity4 , cyclin-B and @entity10 . Furthermore, we found that treatment with @entity2 induced a robust accumulation and complete stabilization of @entity3 at spindle poles. This finding suggests that @entity2 may not induce dynein/dynactin transport but rather interfere with cargo release. Lastly, we determined that @entity2 induced accumulation of checkpoint proteins at the poles requires dynein/dynactin-mediated transport, @entity3 kinetochore localization and kinetochore-microtubule attachments but not tension or Aurora B kinase activity.

title: Dynein/Dynactin-mediated transport of kinetochore components off kinetochores and onto spindle poles induced by XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We reported a case of a 76-year-female with @entity8 caused by military @entity2 . The @entity0 had complained high fever over 38.0 degrees C and @entity5 . Her chest X-ray and computed tomography revealed disseminated miliary shadows in both lung fields. Laboratory examinations revealed @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity3 . Bonemarrow aspirate revealed @entity2 and tubercle bacilli by acid-fast stains, and hemophagocytosis by macrophages. We diagnosed as @entity9 and @entity2 -associated @entity8 , and started antituberculous and @entity1 therapy. After these therapy, fever, laboratory examinations dramatically improved. In this case, serum @entity7 , sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 were elevated. These cytokines and adhesion molecules were reported to elevate in both @entity8 and @entity2 correlating with disease activity. We conclude that @entity7 , sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 may play important roles in pathogenesis of @entity2 associated @entity8 .

title: [A case of XXXX associated with @entity9 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: We reported a case of a 76-year-female with @entity8 caused by military @entity2 . The @entity0 had complained high fever over 38.0 degrees C and @entity5 . Her chest X-ray and computed tomography revealed disseminated miliary shadows in both lung fields. Laboratory examinations revealed @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity3 . Bonemarrow aspirate revealed @entity2 and tubercle bacilli by acid-fast stains, and hemophagocytosis by macrophages. We diagnosed as @entity9 and @entity2 -associated @entity8 , and started antituberculous and @entity1 therapy. After these therapy, fever, laboratory examinations dramatically improved. In this case, serum @entity7 , sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 were elevated. These cytokines and adhesion molecules were reported to elevate in both @entity8 and @entity2 correlating with disease activity. We conclude that @entity7 , sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 may play important roles in pathogenesis of @entity2 associated @entity8 .

title: [A case of @entity8 associated with XXXX ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: Apoptosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic @entity5 (CMI) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is one of the newly defined signaling pathways which initiate apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that @entity6 -associated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity4 induced by pressure-overload and acute @entity3 . Also, in  vitro experiments have proved that @entity0 is a strong stimulus of @entity6 . This study aimed to demonstrate whether @entity6 -associated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of CMI-induced @entity4 . We established a @entity4 model induced by CMI in mini @entity7 via placement of an ameroid constrictor around the proximal anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery (LAD). Furthermore, we used myocardial perfusion imaging, echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements, @entity8 - @entity9 staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated DNA nick-end labeling staining to identify the existence of @entity5 and @entity1 and of enhanced apoptosis in the @entity0 heart. We performed immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time PCR to analyze the hallmark of @entity6 @entity2 -regulated protein 78 ( @entity12 ). The @entity6 -associated apoptotic pathways, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12, and c-Jun @entity10 -terminal kinase  1 ( @entity11 ) were also examined. We found that all three of these pathways were activated and that @entity12 protein and mRNA levels were significantly enhanced in the myocardium of @entity4 mini @entity7 induced by CMI. These results suggest that @entity6 is present in the CMI-induced @entity4 @entity7 model, and that @entity6 -associated apoptosis is involved in the pathophysiology of @entity4 induced by CMI.

title: Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis in a XXXX model induced by chronic @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Apoptosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic @entity5 (CMI) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is one of the newly defined signaling pathways which initiate apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that @entity6 -associated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity4 induced by pressure-overload and acute @entity3 . Also, in  vitro experiments have proved that @entity0 is a strong stimulus of @entity6 . This study aimed to demonstrate whether @entity6 -associated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of CMI-induced @entity4 . We established a @entity4 model induced by CMI in mini @entity7 via placement of an ameroid constrictor around the proximal anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery (LAD). Furthermore, we used myocardial perfusion imaging, echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements, @entity8 - @entity9 staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated DNA nick-end labeling staining to identify the existence of @entity5 and @entity1 and of enhanced apoptosis in the @entity0 heart. We performed immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time PCR to analyze the hallmark of @entity6 @entity2 -regulated protein 78 ( @entity12 ). The @entity6 -associated apoptotic pathways, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12, and c-Jun @entity10 -terminal kinase  1 ( @entity11 ) were also examined. We found that all three of these pathways were activated and that @entity12 protein and mRNA levels were significantly enhanced in the myocardium of @entity4 mini @entity7 induced by CMI. These results suggest that @entity6 is present in the CMI-induced @entity4 @entity7 model, and that @entity6 -associated apoptosis is involved in the pathophysiology of @entity4 induced by CMI.

title: Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis in a @entity4 model induced by chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the ends of chromosomes that are composed of a repetitive G rich sequence and telomeric binding proteins. Telomeres prevent the degradation of chromosomal ends and protect against inappropriate recombination. Telomere @entity6 involves a @entity1 suppressor pathway that limits the replication of premalignant cells. The loss of telomeric DNA with each round of replication leads to growth arrest accompanied by senescence or apoptosis. Many @entity1 cells activate the telomerase gene to bypass senescence. Telomerase is a multisubunit ribonucleoprotein that uses an RNA template to catalyze the addition of telomeric DNA to chromosomal ends. Overexpression of the @entity4 subunit leads to telomere lengthening and extension of the replicative lifespan. @entity2 has been shown to inhibit telomerase activity in many @entity1 cell lines, and this is associated with @entity5 and apoptosis. Additionally, pharmacological telomerase inhibitors have been developed which lead to progressive @entity5 and programmed cell death. In this study, we report a series of @entity0 @entity3 cell lines that have high telomerase activity and short telomeres. @entity2 expression and pharmacological telomerase inhibition failed to completely inhibit enzymatic activity which was accompanied by the lack of @entity5 . These cells continued to proliferate and demonstrated fewer responsive genes when treated with a pharmacological telomerase inhibitor. We concluded that some @entity0 @entity3 cell lines are resistant to telomerase inhibition.

title: Resistance to telomerase inhibition by @entity0 XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the ends of chromosomes that are composed of a repetitive G rich sequence and telomeric binding proteins. Telomeres prevent the degradation of chromosomal ends and protect against inappropriate recombination. Telomere @entity6 involves a @entity1 suppressor pathway that limits the replication of premalignant cells. The loss of telomeric DNA with each round of replication leads to growth arrest accompanied by senescence or apoptosis. Many @entity1 cells activate the telomerase gene to bypass senescence. Telomerase is a multisubunit ribonucleoprotein that uses an RNA template to catalyze the addition of telomeric DNA to chromosomal ends. Overexpression of the @entity4 subunit leads to telomere lengthening and extension of the replicative lifespan. @entity2 has been shown to inhibit telomerase activity in many @entity1 cell lines, and this is associated with @entity5 and apoptosis. Additionally, pharmacological telomerase inhibitors have been developed which lead to progressive @entity5 and programmed cell death. In this study, we report a series of @entity0 @entity3 cell lines that have high telomerase activity and short telomeres. @entity2 expression and pharmacological telomerase inhibition failed to completely inhibit enzymatic activity which was accompanied by the lack of @entity5 . These cells continued to proliferate and demonstrated fewer responsive genes when treated with a pharmacological telomerase inhibitor. We concluded that some @entity0 @entity3 cell lines are resistant to telomerase inhibition.

title: Resistance to telomerase inhibition by XXXX @entity3 cell lines.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab following @entity5 and IV administration, and to investigate combined bevacizumab therapy ( @entity5 or IV) with @entity5 @entity3 or @entity4 in a @entity0 model of @entity1 . METHODS: Bevacizumab pharmacokinetics were investigated following IV or @entity5 dosing, and @entity0 bearing peritoneal A2780 xenografts were treated with vehicle, IV or @entity5 bevacizumab, @entity5 @entity3 , @entity5 @entity3 with co-administration of IV or @entity5 bevacizumab, @entity5 @entity4 , and @entity5 @entity4 with co-administration of IV or @entity5 bevacizumab. Survival time was defined as the time to @entity2 or the time to reach 120% of baseline body weight. RESULTS: Following @entity5 administration, bevacizumab was rapidly absorbed and bioavailability was 92.8%. Median survival time, which was 33  days for control @entity0 , was increased by 24% with @entity5 @entity3 . @entity5 @entity4 failed to increase survival time when administered alone. IV and @entity5 bevacizumab increased survival time by 42 and 33%. Combined bevacizumab and @entity5 @entity3 was superior to @entity3 alone (P  =  0.01 for IV and P  =  0.04 for @entity5 bevacizumab), and combined bevacizumab and @entity5 @entity4 was superior to @entity4 alone (P  =  0.002 for IV and P  =  0.02 for @entity5 bevacizumab). There were no significant differences in survival between groups receiving bevacizumab IV or @entity5 , either alone (P  =  0.586), in combination with @entity3 (P  =  0.467), or in combination with @entity4 (P  =  0.149). CONCLUSIONS: Following @entity5 administration to @entity0 , bevacizumab demonstrates rapid and near complete absorption. Bevacizumab therapy, initiated prior to @entity5 @entity4 or @entity3 administration, increased survival time significantly in @entity0 , and results were not dependent on the route of bevacizumab administration (IV vs. @entity5 ).

title: Evaluation of combined bevacizumab and intraperitoneal XXXX or @entity3 therapy in a @entity0 model of @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab following @entity5 and IV administration, and to investigate combined bevacizumab therapy ( @entity5 or IV) with @entity5 @entity3 or @entity4 in a @entity0 model of @entity1 . METHODS: Bevacizumab pharmacokinetics were investigated following IV or @entity5 dosing, and @entity0 bearing peritoneal A2780 xenografts were treated with vehicle, IV or @entity5 bevacizumab, @entity5 @entity3 , @entity5 @entity3 with co-administration of IV or @entity5 bevacizumab, @entity5 @entity4 , and @entity5 @entity4 with co-administration of IV or @entity5 bevacizumab. Survival time was defined as the time to @entity2 or the time to reach 120% of baseline body weight. RESULTS: Following @entity5 administration, bevacizumab was rapidly absorbed and bioavailability was 92.8%. Median survival time, which was 33  days for control @entity0 , was increased by 24% with @entity5 @entity3 . @entity5 @entity4 failed to increase survival time when administered alone. IV and @entity5 bevacizumab increased survival time by 42 and 33%. Combined bevacizumab and @entity5 @entity3 was superior to @entity3 alone (P  =  0.01 for IV and P  =  0.04 for @entity5 bevacizumab), and combined bevacizumab and @entity5 @entity4 was superior to @entity4 alone (P  =  0.002 for IV and P  =  0.02 for @entity5 bevacizumab). There were no significant differences in survival between groups receiving bevacizumab IV or @entity5 , either alone (P  =  0.586), in combination with @entity3 (P  =  0.467), or in combination with @entity4 (P  =  0.149). CONCLUSIONS: Following @entity5 administration to @entity0 , bevacizumab demonstrates rapid and near complete absorption. Bevacizumab therapy, initiated prior to @entity5 @entity4 or @entity3 administration, increased survival time significantly in @entity0 , and results were not dependent on the route of bevacizumab administration (IV vs. @entity5 ).

title: Evaluation of combined bevacizumab and intraperitoneal @entity4 or XXXX therapy in a @entity0 model of @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab following @entity5 and IV administration, and to investigate combined bevacizumab therapy ( @entity5 or IV) with @entity5 @entity3 or @entity4 in a @entity0 model of @entity1 . METHODS: Bevacizumab pharmacokinetics were investigated following IV or @entity5 dosing, and @entity0 bearing peritoneal A2780 xenografts were treated with vehicle, IV or @entity5 bevacizumab, @entity5 @entity3 , @entity5 @entity3 with co-administration of IV or @entity5 bevacizumab, @entity5 @entity4 , and @entity5 @entity4 with co-administration of IV or @entity5 bevacizumab. Survival time was defined as the time to @entity2 or the time to reach 120% of baseline body weight. RESULTS: Following @entity5 administration, bevacizumab was rapidly absorbed and bioavailability was 92.8%. Median survival time, which was 33  days for control @entity0 , was increased by 24% with @entity5 @entity3 . @entity5 @entity4 failed to increase survival time when administered alone. IV and @entity5 bevacizumab increased survival time by 42 and 33%. Combined bevacizumab and @entity5 @entity3 was superior to @entity3 alone (P  =  0.01 for IV and P  =  0.04 for @entity5 bevacizumab), and combined bevacizumab and @entity5 @entity4 was superior to @entity4 alone (P  =  0.002 for IV and P  =  0.02 for @entity5 bevacizumab). There were no significant differences in survival between groups receiving bevacizumab IV or @entity5 , either alone (P  =  0.586), in combination with @entity3 (P  =  0.467), or in combination with @entity4 (P  =  0.149). CONCLUSIONS: Following @entity5 administration to @entity0 , bevacizumab demonstrates rapid and near complete absorption. Bevacizumab therapy, initiated prior to @entity5 @entity4 or @entity3 administration, increased survival time significantly in @entity0 , and results were not dependent on the route of bevacizumab administration (IV vs. @entity5 ).

title: Evaluation of combined bevacizumab and intraperitoneal @entity4 or @entity3 therapy in a @entity0 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab following @entity5 and IV administration, and to investigate combined bevacizumab therapy ( @entity5 or IV) with @entity5 @entity3 or @entity4 in a @entity0 model of @entity1 . METHODS: Bevacizumab pharmacokinetics were investigated following IV or @entity5 dosing, and @entity0 bearing peritoneal A2780 xenografts were treated with vehicle, IV or @entity5 bevacizumab, @entity5 @entity3 , @entity5 @entity3 with co-administration of IV or @entity5 bevacizumab, @entity5 @entity4 , and @entity5 @entity4 with co-administration of IV or @entity5 bevacizumab. Survival time was defined as the time to @entity2 or the time to reach 120% of baseline body weight. RESULTS: Following @entity5 administration, bevacizumab was rapidly absorbed and bioavailability was 92.8%. Median survival time, which was 33  days for control @entity0 , was increased by 24% with @entity5 @entity3 . @entity5 @entity4 failed to increase survival time when administered alone. IV and @entity5 bevacizumab increased survival time by 42 and 33%. Combined bevacizumab and @entity5 @entity3 was superior to @entity3 alone (P  =  0.01 for IV and P  =  0.04 for @entity5 bevacizumab), and combined bevacizumab and @entity5 @entity4 was superior to @entity4 alone (P  =  0.002 for IV and P  =  0.02 for @entity5 bevacizumab). There were no significant differences in survival between groups receiving bevacizumab IV or @entity5 , either alone (P  =  0.586), in combination with @entity3 (P  =  0.467), or in combination with @entity4 (P  =  0.149). CONCLUSIONS: Following @entity5 administration to @entity0 , bevacizumab demonstrates rapid and near complete absorption. Bevacizumab therapy, initiated prior to @entity5 @entity4 or @entity3 administration, increased survival time significantly in @entity0 , and results were not dependent on the route of bevacizumab administration (IV vs. @entity5 ).

title: Evaluation of combined bevacizumab and intraperitoneal @entity4 or @entity3 therapy in a XXXX model of @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: There has been little attention paid to the persistence of the pulse following complete forearm arterial transection, and we found no report that has established the etiology or frequency of this phenomenon. Eighteen @entity0 with documented complete radial or ulnar artery transections were evaluated. Nine of the 18 @entity0 had persistently palpable pulse distal to the transections. Seven of the pulses were due to retrograde flow and two were due to transmission from the proximal arterial stump or large collaterals. The Allen test was accurate in demonstrating @entity1 in each case. Digital compression of the intact artery eliminated the pulse in those cases due to retrograde flow. Documentation of flow direction and collateral vessels was performed with the Doppler directional velocity meter. The fallibility of the peripheral pulse following complete @entity3 is stressed. The Allen test, digital compression of the intact artery, and Doppler studies should be performed on @entity0 with suspected @entity3 . The exploration of all wounds in the region of major arteries from which profuse @entity2 has occurred is recommended.

title: The peripheral pulse following XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7 is a progressive and often fatal @entity3 caused by a mutation in the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) gene involved in mitochondrial DNA replication. OBJECTIVE: We report on eight successive cases from five families. METHODS: Our analysis consisted of case series reports and literature search. RESULTS: The eight @entity0 were from five extended families, all with clinical manifestations of the syndrome. Seven were confirmed by @entity6 sequence analysis and one died before testing was possible. We observed that whereas the five females presented with advanced @entity3 at the onset of @entity1 , the three males had normal hepatic function well after presentation, with progressive @entity1 . Two of the three males are distant relatives; two of the five females were sisters of two male @entity0 . DISCUSSION: Most authors report the coexistence of both @entity3 at the onset of @entity7 . It is unusual that all three males in our series had no signs of @entity4 but had advanced neurological signs. CONCLUSION: Initial manifestations in @entity7 may be gender specific. In males, the condition should be considered in @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity2 , even in the absence of @entity3 .

title: Gender variability in presentation with XXXX : a report of eight @entity0 from the UAE.

answer: @entity7


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7 is a progressive and often fatal @entity3 caused by a mutation in the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) gene involved in mitochondrial DNA replication. OBJECTIVE: We report on eight successive cases from five families. METHODS: Our analysis consisted of case series reports and literature search. RESULTS: The eight @entity0 were from five extended families, all with clinical manifestations of the syndrome. Seven were confirmed by @entity6 sequence analysis and one died before testing was possible. We observed that whereas the five females presented with advanced @entity3 at the onset of @entity1 , the three males had normal hepatic function well after presentation, with progressive @entity1 . Two of the three males are distant relatives; two of the five females were sisters of two male @entity0 . DISCUSSION: Most authors report the coexistence of both @entity3 at the onset of @entity7 . It is unusual that all three males in our series had no signs of @entity4 but had advanced neurological signs. CONCLUSION: Initial manifestations in @entity7 may be gender specific. In males, the condition should be considered in @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity2 , even in the absence of @entity3 .

title: Gender variability in presentation with @entity7 : a report of eight XXXX from the UAE.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Smoking is an independent risk factor for the initiation, extent and severity of @entity1 . This study examined the ability of the host immune system to discriminate commensal oral bacteria from pathogens at mucosal surfaces, i.e. oral cavity. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody reactive with three pathogenic and five commensal oral bacteria in 301 current smokers (age range 21-66 years) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical features of periodontal health were used as measures of @entity2 . Antibody to the pathogens and salivary @entity4 levels were related positively to disease severity; however, the antibody levels were best described by the clinical disease unrelated to the amount of smoking. The data showed a greater immune response to pathogens than commensals that was related specifically to disease extent, and most noted in black males. Significant correlations in individual @entity0 responses to the pathogens and commensals were lost with an increasing extent of @entity2 and serum antibody to the pathogens. Antibody to @entity3 was particularly distinct with respect to the discriminatory nature of the immune responses in recognizing the pathogens. Antibody responses to selected pathogenic and commensal oral microorganisms differed among racial groups and genders. The antibody response to the pathogens was related to disease severity. The level of antibody to the pathogens, and in particular @entity3 , was correlated with disease severity in black and male subsets of @entity0 . The amount of smoking did not appear to impact directly serum antibody levels to these oral bacteria.

title: Smoking and XXXX : discrimination of antibody responses to pathogenic and commensal oral bacteria.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genes @entity2 and @entity3 have certain functional SNPs that are related to @entity1 . The frequencies of these polymorphisms vary between populations, so studying them in populations made up of groups with different phylogeographic origins requires an individualized analysis of each group. In the Basque Country, various recently arrived foreign groups live side by side with the original Southern European population, particularly North Africans from Morocco and Hispanics from Ecuador. This study sets out to examine the distribution of the frequencies of alleles that encode @entity0 dehydrogenase with different metabolization rates, as higher rates make for greater susceptibility to @entity1 . METHODS: Four SNPs: @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 using Taqman technology with a Rt-PCR were studied in a sample of 114 European individuals originating from the Basque Country, 100 North Africans from Morocco, and 109 Hispanics from Ecuador. The allele and genotype frequencies were calculated using Genepop v4.0. The most frequent haplotypes were estimated using the ELB algorithm with Arlequin v3.01. A breakdown of the complete disequilibrium commonly observed between the 2 missense polymorphisms that distinguish the common @entity3 alleles @entity6 and @entity7 was observed and confirmed by sequencing in 2 individuals from the Basque Country. RESULTS: A higher frequency of protective allele @entity3 *1 was found in the North African population group. Haplotype combinations are also studied, and the rare association of alleles @entity2 *2- @entity3 *2 was observed in the Southern European group in the Basque Country, along with an allele not hitherto described in the @entity3 locus. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first data published on the allele and genotype frequencies of the @entity3 locus in the Moroccan population and on the @entity2 and @entity3 loci in the Ecuadorian population. The study shows differences in the distribution of the frequency of allele @entity3 *1 between the Basque Country and Moroccan populations, and a new allele not described to date.

title: XXXX -metabolizing enzyme gene polymorphisms in the Basque Country, Morocco, and Ecuador.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We aim to determine the profile and determinants of outcome of @entity5 in southeastern Nigeria. We prospectively analyzed 115 @entity0 with @entity5 managed at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, from January 2008 to June 2009. The emergencies were typhoid intestinal perforation (TIP) 22 (19.1%), intussusception 20 (17.4%), obstructed @entity3 17 (14.8%), neonatal intestinal obstruction 11 (9.6%), @entity4 11 (9.6%), @entity1 8 (6.9%), ruptured omphalocele/ @entity7 8 (6.9%), @entity6 7 (6.1%), @entity8 (6.1%), and malrotation 4 (3.5%). The mean time to diagnosis was 3.5 days (range, 4 hours to 12 days). Ninety-three cases had an emergency operation, while 22 were managed nonoperatively. After a mean hospital stay of 10.8 days (range, 2-38 days), 35 (37.6%) of the operated @entity0 had one or more @entity2 . There were 10 (8.7%) deaths. Overall, TIP had a higher postoperative complication rate (P < 0.001), while neonates had a higher mortality (P < 0.001). Delayed presentation and lack of neonatal and pediatric intensive care facilities were daunting challenges. A pediatric abdominal surgical emergency in our setting has high morbidity and mortality. Efforts geared towards improvement in time to diagnosis and perioperative care may result in better outcomes.

title: Profile of XXXX in a developing country.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a new instrument (the Craniofacial Experiences Questionnaire, CFEQ) to measure both stressors and positive aspects of living with a @entity1 from adolescent and parent perspectives, and to examine its validity and reliability. A secondary aim was to explore experiences reported according to age, gender, and diagnosis. DESIGN: Self-report and parent report questionnaires (CFEQ, Youth Self Report [YSR], @entity0 Behavior Checklist [CBCL], Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale [BERS]) were completed by adolescents with congenital craniofacial conditions and their parents. @entity0 : Fifty adolescents with craniofacial conditions and 55 of their parents. RESULTS: Internal reliability of the stressor and positive aspects scales was acceptable (.81 to .92) but was lower for some stressor subscales (.50-.86). Higher stressor scale scores were related to poorer adjustment (CBCL r = .55, YSR r = .37). There were no consistent differences in the stressful or positive experiences of young @entity0 with craniofacial conditions according to gender or age. There were no differences in stressors reported according to diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The CFEQ shows promise as a clinical and research tool for investigating the stressors and positive experiences of young @entity0 with craniofacial conditions. Consistent with the literature on chronic pediatric conditions, there were few differences in experiences of young @entity0 according to diagnosis. Furthermore, the lack of gender or age differences supports the need for clinicians to comprehensively assess the experiences of young @entity0 regardless of demographic variables.

title: Living with a XXXX : development of the Craniofacial Experiences Questionnaire (CFEQ) for adolescents and their parents.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our goal was to examine differences in clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic responses to non-surgical mechanical therapy in @entity0 with generalized @entity3 (GCP) and generalized aggressive @entity2 (GAgP). METHODS: Twenty @entity0 with GCP and 14 @entity0 with GAgP were evaluated. Clinical data, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and @entity1 samples were collected at baseline and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Levels of 40 subgingival species were measured using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. GCF interleukin (IL)-1b, -4, and -8 and interferon-y (IFN-y) were analyzed using a multiplexed bead immunoassay, and elastase activity was measured using an enzymatic assay. The significance of changes with time was examined using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Changes in clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic parameters after therapy were compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: After periodontal therapy, we found significant improvements for all clinical parameters in both groups. We also observed significant reductions in elastase activity in shallow and deep sites from the GAgP group and in deep sites from the GCP group. Microbiologic data showed significant reductions in proportions of orange and red complexes and an increase in proportions of Actinomyces species in both clinical groups. When the clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic responses after therapy were compared between groups, only minor differences were found. CONCLUSION: This study fails to show any significant differences between severe forms of GCP and GAgP in response to non-surgical periodontal treatment.

title: Effect of non-surgical treatment on chronic and aggressive XXXX : clinical, immunologic, and microbiologic findings.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diffuse sclerosing variant of @entity4 (DSPC) is a relatively rare variant of @entity4 . Large studies of @entity0 with DSPC have been infrequently performed, and controversy still exists concerning some DSPC features and outcomes. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinicopathologic features and outcomes in a series of 34 consecutive @entity0 with DSPC and to compare them with a larger group of 245 consecutive @entity0 with the classic variant of @entity4 (cPTC) that were evaluated in the same period. @entity0 AND METHODS: Clinical and histological features (sex, age, @entity1 size,multifocality, bilaterality, extra thyroid extension, and local and distant metastases) were recorded in all @entity0 , as well as any persistent or recurrent disease and the @entity0 ' disease status at last observation. @entity0 with cPTC were classified as either low (122) or high risk (123). DSPC and high-risk @entity0 were all treated with the same protocol, including       I treatment. All @entity0 were included in a Cox regression model analysis to investigate the effect of each variable on the hazard ratio. RESULTS: As expected, multifocality, bilaterality, and extra thyroid extension were more frequently noted at presentation, and the @entity3 category of TNM classification was less frequently noted in DSPC and high-risk @entity0 with cPTC compared with low-risk @entity0 with cPTC. No significant difference was found between @entity0 with DSPC and those with high-risk cPTC, except that extra thyroid extension was found more frequently in the @entity0 with DSPC. Using multivariate analysis, diffuse sclerosing variant was an independent variable for predicting a high risk of persistent and recurrent disease during initial follow-up. However, at a later time, and after further treatment, the disease status was not different between @entity0 with DSPC and those with high-risk cPTC, and only the presence of distant metastases affected the final outcome. CONCLUSIONS: DSPC is a @entity4 variant characterized by high @entity2 . In @entity0 with DSPC, the outcome is worse than in @entity0 with low-risk cPTC; and, at presentation, characteristics are somewhat worse than for @entity0 with high-risk cPTC.At medium term, the outcome is similar to that observed in @entity0 with high-risk cPTC, provided aggressive treatment is used (additional surgical intervention, when required, and/or       I radiotherapy).

title: A diffuse sclerosing variant of XXXX : clinical and pathologic features and outcomes of 34 consecutive cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. Serum, peripheral and thoracic lymph concentrations of @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity2 were determined at various time intervals up to 6 hours following intramuscular administration of 4 mg/kg to dogs. Peak serum concentrations of each antibacterial agents occurred within one hour after administration. The peak lymphatic concentrations occurred in 1.5 approximately 2 hours after administration. Following peak peripheral lymph concentration, the concentration in peripheral lymph exceeded than that of serum. The concentrations of each antibacterial agent in thoracic lymph were nearly equal to serum concentration. Peak peripheral lymph concentrations were always lower than the peak serum concentrations. 2. Serum and pancreatic fluid concentrations of @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity2 were determined at various time intervals up to 6 hours following intramuscular administration of 4 mg/kg to @entity0 . Peak pancreatic fluid concentrations of each antibacterial agents occurred within 1.5 hours after administration. The concentrations rate of @entity1 to the pancreatic fluid was superior to those of @entity3 and @entity2 .

title: [The distribution of aminoglycoside antibiotics into the lymph and pancreatic fluid in XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Immunosuppressive agents increase the vulnerability of solid organ transplant @entity0 to @entity10 . An atypical clinical presentation of a @entity11 makes diagnosis and treatment even more challenging in this population. A 54-year-old @entity4 @entity0 underwent a cadaveric kidney transplant after years on hemodialysis. Her treatment included @entity14 , @entity9 , and @entity6 . By post-transplant week 8, she had @entity2 followed by progressive @entity7 . Diagnostic work-up, consisting of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and chest x-ray, showed several cerebral ring-enhancing lesions, and a pulmonary cavitary lesion. @entity16 was suspected and therapy was started. Skin biopsy was taken from a nodular lesion and culture confirmed @entity16 . During hospitalization, @entity1 persisted with worsening of @entity3 . She underwent excision of a @entity8 and the final pathologic report showed mucormycosis, revealing the @entity0 's co-infection by 2 different pathogens. After therapy with liposomal @entity12 and @entity15 , she has remained stable for more than 1 year. @entity16 masked and delayed the diagnosis and treatment of a more @entity5 and worrisome organism. @entity13 , as a non-fatal isolated @entity8 without rhinal involvement, is an atypical presentation, and only a few cases have been reported.

title: XXXX masking an atypical zygomycosis presentation in a kidney transplant recipient.

answer: @entity16


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the posterior vitreous adhesion status in @entity0 with a history of central or branch @entity1 and to compare the results with the natural time-course of posterior vitreous detachment in healthy age-related controls. METHODS: A retrospective chart review in terms of the posterior vitreous adhesion status was performed in 132 @entity0 (133 eyes) with a history of a central (CRVO) or branch (BRVO) @entity1 . All @entity0 underwent vitrectomy. Based on the operation reports, the vitreous adhesion status was classified as attached, partially detached or completely detached. The results were compared to the natural time-course of posterior vitreous detachment development in healthy age-related controls. RESULTS: Eighty-one eyes met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fifty-two eyes (64%) had a history of CRVO and 29 eyes (36%) a history of BRVO, respectively. In the CRVO group, the posterior vitreous was attached in 47 eyes (90%) and completely detached in five eyes (10%). In the BRVO group, the posterior vitreous was attached in 27 eyes (93%), partially detached in 1 eye (3%) and completely detached in another eye (3%). A subdivision into age classes and a comparison with healthy age-related controls [data by Weber-Krause _ Eckardt (1997) Ophthalmologe, 94, 619-623] showed in @entity0 between 65 and 69 years of age an attached posterior vitreous cortex in 72% in healthy eyes, in 100% in CRVO (p = 0.109) and in 89% in BRVO (p = 0.440), in @entity0 between 70 and 79 years of age an attached posterior vitreous cortex in 56% in healthy eyes, in 86% in CRVO (p = 0.010) and in 100% in BRVO (p = 0.038) and in @entity0 between 80 and 89 years of age an attached posterior vitreous cortex in 43% in healthy eyes, in 100% in CRVO (p = 0.191) and in 67% in BRVO (p = 0.582) (Fisher's exact t-test). CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with a history of CRVO or BRVO, the posterior vitreous cortex stays attached more frequently in all age groups in comparison with the healthy age-related controls.

title: The vitreomacular interface in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To conduct a detailed analysis of @entity1 sustained in English professional football over two competitive seasons. METHODS: Club medical staff at 91 professional football clubs annotated @entity0 . A specific @entity0 was used together with a weekly form that documented each club's current @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity0 records for the two competitive seasons were obtained from 87% and 76% of the participating clubs. Ankle ligament @entity2 accounted for 11% of the total injuries over the two seasons, with over three quarters (77%) of @entity2 involving the lateral ligament complex. A total of 12 138 days and 2033 matches were missed because of @entity1 . More @entity2 were caused by contact mechanisms than non-contact mechanisms (59% v 39%) except in goalkeepers who sustained more non-contact @entity2 (21% v 79%, p<0.01). @entity1 were most often observed during tackles (54%). More @entity1 were sustained in matches than in training (66% v 33%), with nearly half (48%) observed during the last third of each half of matches. A total of 44% of @entity2 occurred during the first three months of the season. A high number of players (32%) who sustained @entity1 were wearing some form of external support. The recurrence rate for @entity1 was 9% (see methodology for definition of reinjury). CONCLUSION: Ankle ligament @entity2 are common in football usually involving the lateral ligament complex. The high rate of occurrence and recurrence indicates that prevention is of paramount importance.

title: The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football: an analysis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Between May 22 and 28, 1978, 372 adult male Melanesians consumed a solution of 82% @entity4 and 18% @entity5 . One hundred and eighteen @entity0 were admitted to hospital and a further 251 subjects were treated as outpatients. Eighteen @entity0 died. Fourteen of the survivors were blind initially, but only four failed to recover some vision. Diffuse @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity3 occurred in four @entity0 , two of whom remained permanently blind. Estimated quantities of undiluted spirit consumed varied from 25 mL to 750 mL (mean, 100 mL), and symptoms developed on average 30 hours after consumption. A disparity between the amounts of solution consumed and the sequelae was frequently noted. Blindness and @entity2 followed the ingestion of 100 mL in one case, while in two other cases, over 500 mL produced no apparent disability. On investigation, it was established that the mixture had been sold by a local pharmacy in the mistaken belief that it was methylated spirits. Regular consumption of methylated spirits by many adult male Melanesians has been a common practice in east New Britain for many years. The difficulties of managing an outbreak of poisoning of this magnitude in the context of a developing country are discussed.

title: Outbreak of @entity4 and XXXX poisoning in New Britain, Papua New Guinea.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Between May 22 and 28, 1978, 372 adult male Melanesians consumed a solution of 82% @entity4 and 18% @entity5 . One hundred and eighteen @entity0 were admitted to hospital and a further 251 subjects were treated as outpatients. Eighteen @entity0 died. Fourteen of the survivors were blind initially, but only four failed to recover some vision. Diffuse @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity3 occurred in four @entity0 , two of whom remained permanently blind. Estimated quantities of undiluted spirit consumed varied from 25 mL to 750 mL (mean, 100 mL), and symptoms developed on average 30 hours after consumption. A disparity between the amounts of solution consumed and the sequelae was frequently noted. Blindness and @entity2 followed the ingestion of 100 mL in one case, while in two other cases, over 500 mL produced no apparent disability. On investigation, it was established that the mixture had been sold by a local pharmacy in the mistaken belief that it was methylated spirits. Regular consumption of methylated spirits by many adult male Melanesians has been a common practice in east New Britain for many years. The difficulties of managing an outbreak of poisoning of this magnitude in the context of a developing country are discussed.

title: Outbreak of XXXX and @entity5 poisoning in New Britain, Papua New Guinea.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We investigated sequence-learning skills in 64 @entity0 with @entity2 (aged 4.01-14.7 years; 49 with bilateral, two with @entity4 , and 13 with @entity2 ), compared with a matched control group of typically developing @entity0 . @entity0 ' motor and handling abilities were classified according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System and the Manual Ability Classification System. General cognitive, visuoperceptual, and constructive abilities were assessed. @entity0 performed an experimental computerized version of Corsi Span, followed by a normalized Supraspan sequence. Controls outperformed @entity2 @entity0 in visual memory and accuracy. @entity0 with @entity2 were likelier to fail the test ( @entity2 , 37.5%; control subjects, 5%) and obtain overall lower scores. Sequence learning skills were not related to @entity1 . Failure to learn sequences resulted in an overall lower functioning profile regarding visuoperceptual, verbal, and performance abilities. The ability to @entity5 sequences seemed to split the @entity2 group into an overall high-functioning group (successful in sequence learning) and low-functioning (failing) group. Results are discussed in light of a specific implicit @entity3 and the abnormal development of white matter frontostriatal and parietal connections.

title: Sequence learning in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity13 are a common source of anorectal symptoms, which are determined by their size. A helpful measure in small @entity13 is a high-fiber diet; in moderate lesions, ligature therapy is effective. Surgery should be reserved for large @entity13 . @entity14 , probably caused by @entity3 to the anal canal during defecation, may persist because of a cycle of hard stools, @entity4 , and reflex @entity11 . A high-fiber diet and sitz baths relieve acute fissures. Lateral partial internal sphincterotomy is usually effective when they become chronic. @entity9 is often caused by @entity8 ; @entity6 is the result of @entity5 . @entity1 and induration may be present. @entity4 is throbbing and continuous, and perianal examination may require use of an anesthetic. Incision and drainage with follow-up to ensure resolution of @entity5 is required. @entity2 ani may result from several contributing conditions or may be idiopathic. Restoration of dry, intact perianal skin is the treatment goal. @entity0 should be taught gentle hygiene and drying methods and advised to avoid @entity12 or other dietary items that seem to exacerbate symptoms. Condylomata acuminata cause @entity7 and @entity4 if allowed to progress. Biopsy should be considered in @entity0 at risk of @entity10 . Repeated application of caustic topical agents may help small lesions. Large, extensive, and persistent lesions require surgical ablation.

title: Anorectal disorders. Five common causes of @entity4 , itching, and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity13 are a common source of anorectal symptoms, which are determined by their size. A helpful measure in small @entity13 is a high-fiber diet; in moderate lesions, ligature therapy is effective. Surgery should be reserved for large @entity13 . @entity14 , probably caused by @entity3 to the anal canal during defecation, may persist because of a cycle of hard stools, @entity4 , and reflex @entity11 . A high-fiber diet and sitz baths relieve acute fissures. Lateral partial internal sphincterotomy is usually effective when they become chronic. @entity9 is often caused by @entity8 ; @entity6 is the result of @entity5 . @entity1 and induration may be present. @entity4 is throbbing and continuous, and perianal examination may require use of an anesthetic. Incision and drainage with follow-up to ensure resolution of @entity5 is required. @entity2 ani may result from several contributing conditions or may be idiopathic. Restoration of dry, intact perianal skin is the treatment goal. @entity0 should be taught gentle hygiene and drying methods and advised to avoid @entity12 or other dietary items that seem to exacerbate symptoms. Condylomata acuminata cause @entity7 and @entity4 if allowed to progress. Biopsy should be considered in @entity0 at risk of @entity10 . Repeated application of caustic topical agents may help small lesions. Large, extensive, and persistent lesions require surgical ablation.

title: Anorectal disorders. Five common causes of XXXX , itching, and @entity7 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 -dependent, @entity2 -resistant or frequently relapsing @entity6 carries a poor prognosis, including progression to @entity3 . There are a number of studies confirming the efficacy of @entity5 in @entity2 -resistant or @entity2 -dependent @entity6 . Although the use of this medication is becoming more common, we know very little about the potential nephrotoxicity when used in @entity6 . METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the characteristics and biopsy findings of 11 @entity0 with @entity2 -dependent or frequently relapsing @entity6 treated with @entity5 . Two sequential biopsies were evaluated for the change in @entity1 , measured by a quantitative stereological method, and the change in @entity4 and @entity1 , graded according to Banff criteria. RESULTS: There was an increase in @entity1 (P   = 0.005), with a median absolute change in the per cent volume density between initial and follow-up biopsies of 1.8% [interquartile range (IQR) 3.9%]. Median percentage change in volume density of @entity1 , relative to volume density of @entity1 prior to initiating @entity5 , was 93% (IQR 138%). Banff scores for @entity1 and @entity4 also increased following @entity5 therapy (P   =   0.04 for both). Average @entity5 trough level over the treatment period was significantly associated with change in @entity1 (Spearman's rho = 0.67 and P =   0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This is some of the first histological data concerning @entity5 nephrotoxicity in childhood @entity6 . Although the role of the natural progression of the underlying disease in the observed change is not definitively clear, the changes seen are in keeping with the known nephrotoxic effects of @entity5 demonstrated in renal transplant. This increase is small when presented as a median change. However, there were a number of @entity0 who had a larger change in @entity1 . The factors predictive of @entity1 while on @entity5 are not well defined; the findings from this study suggest that @entity5 level may be a factor. Given the observations and limitations of the few published studies, there is an obvious need for further study in a large multicenter prospective trial.

title: Renal interstitial fibrosis in @entity0 treated with XXXX for @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 -dependent, @entity2 -resistant or frequently relapsing @entity6 carries a poor prognosis, including progression to @entity3 . There are a number of studies confirming the efficacy of @entity5 in @entity2 -resistant or @entity2 -dependent @entity6 . Although the use of this medication is becoming more common, we know very little about the potential nephrotoxicity when used in @entity6 . METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the characteristics and biopsy findings of 11 @entity0 with @entity2 -dependent or frequently relapsing @entity6 treated with @entity5 . Two sequential biopsies were evaluated for the change in @entity1 , measured by a quantitative stereological method, and the change in @entity4 and @entity1 , graded according to Banff criteria. RESULTS: There was an increase in @entity1 (P   = 0.005), with a median absolute change in the per cent volume density between initial and follow-up biopsies of 1.8% [interquartile range (IQR) 3.9%]. Median percentage change in volume density of @entity1 , relative to volume density of @entity1 prior to initiating @entity5 , was 93% (IQR 138%). Banff scores for @entity1 and @entity4 also increased following @entity5 therapy (P   =   0.04 for both). Average @entity5 trough level over the treatment period was significantly associated with change in @entity1 (Spearman's rho = 0.67 and P =   0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This is some of the first histological data concerning @entity5 nephrotoxicity in childhood @entity6 . Although the role of the natural progression of the underlying disease in the observed change is not definitively clear, the changes seen are in keeping with the known nephrotoxic effects of @entity5 demonstrated in renal transplant. This increase is small when presented as a median change. However, there were a number of @entity0 who had a larger change in @entity1 . The factors predictive of @entity1 while on @entity5 are not well defined; the findings from this study suggest that @entity5 level may be a factor. Given the observations and limitations of the few published studies, there is an obvious need for further study in a large multicenter prospective trial.

title: Renal interstitial fibrosis in @entity0 treated with @entity5 for XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 -dependent, @entity2 -resistant or frequently relapsing @entity6 carries a poor prognosis, including progression to @entity3 . There are a number of studies confirming the efficacy of @entity5 in @entity2 -resistant or @entity2 -dependent @entity6 . Although the use of this medication is becoming more common, we know very little about the potential nephrotoxicity when used in @entity6 . METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the characteristics and biopsy findings of 11 @entity0 with @entity2 -dependent or frequently relapsing @entity6 treated with @entity5 . Two sequential biopsies were evaluated for the change in @entity1 , measured by a quantitative stereological method, and the change in @entity4 and @entity1 , graded according to Banff criteria. RESULTS: There was an increase in @entity1 (P   = 0.005), with a median absolute change in the per cent volume density between initial and follow-up biopsies of 1.8% [interquartile range (IQR) 3.9%]. Median percentage change in volume density of @entity1 , relative to volume density of @entity1 prior to initiating @entity5 , was 93% (IQR 138%). Banff scores for @entity1 and @entity4 also increased following @entity5 therapy (P   =   0.04 for both). Average @entity5 trough level over the treatment period was significantly associated with change in @entity1 (Spearman's rho = 0.67 and P =   0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This is some of the first histological data concerning @entity5 nephrotoxicity in childhood @entity6 . Although the role of the natural progression of the underlying disease in the observed change is not definitively clear, the changes seen are in keeping with the known nephrotoxic effects of @entity5 demonstrated in renal transplant. This increase is small when presented as a median change. However, there were a number of @entity0 who had a larger change in @entity1 . The factors predictive of @entity1 while on @entity5 are not well defined; the findings from this study suggest that @entity5 level may be a factor. Given the observations and limitations of the few published studies, there is an obvious need for further study in a large multicenter prospective trial.

title: Renal interstitial fibrosis in XXXX treated with @entity5 for @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective radiograph and chart review of 28 @entity0 with adult @entity3 undergoing primary corrective surgery. Clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed before surgery, after surgery, and at a 2-year follow-up assessment. A self-perceived outcome questionnaire was administered to the study @entity0 at a minimum 2-year follow-up assessment. OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity0 outcomes after surgery for adult @entity2 using traditional radiographic parameters along with a self-perceived outcomes questionnaire. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The clinical and radiographic results and the outcomes for the surgical treatment of adult @entity3 have not been established in the literature with respect to the use of modern third-generation instrumentation techniques. Most studies reviewing the surgical treatment of adult @entity3 look primarily at Harrington instrumentation techniques. METHODS: Records and radiographs were reviewed retrospectively for all the @entity0 (n = 54) undergoing primary corrective surgery for adult @entity3 between December 30, 1994 and December 30, 1997. Of the 54 @entity0 reviewed, 28 (52%) met the following inclusion criteria: age exceeding 20 years, primary surgery, fusion above the sacrum, availability of medical records along with preoperative, postoperative, and 2-year follow-up radiographs. Additionally, a self-perceived outcomes questionnaire was administered to these @entity0 at a minimum 2-year follow-up assessment. RESULTS: All the @entity0 were @entity0 (28/28). The indications for surgery were @entity1 and progression in 54% (15/28) and @entity1 in 29% (8/28) of the @entity0 . The average preoperative major curve measurement was 65 degrees (range, 38-98 degrees ). The average postoperative major curve measurement was 24 degrees (range, 5-59 degrees ), for a correction of 64%. The average follow-up curve measurement was 27 degrees (range, 3-60 degrees ), for a correction of 61%. Whereas 71% of the cases were anteroposterior, 29% were posterior only. There was one intraoperative complication among the 28 @entity0 and four postoperative complications in 3 of the 28 @entity0 . The self-perceived outcome questionnaires were available for 83% (23/28) of the @entity0 . Definite or probable relief of symptoms was reported in 74%(17/23). Improved ability to sleep was reported in 61% (14/23), and ability to return to their usual job was reported in 57% (13/23). Satisfaction with the results of surgery was reported in 87% (20/23). CONCLUSIONS: Surgery for adult @entity3 using third-generation instrumentation techniques provides significant clinical improvement, @entity2 correction, maintenance of sagittal alignment, and @entity0 satisfaction, with an acceptable complication rate.

title: Functional and radiographic outcomes after surgery for adult XXXX using third-generation instrumentation techniques.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Multiphase cross-sectional survey of @entity5 . OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of all reported and clinically significant @entity2 . To identify independent predictors of @entity2 . METHODS: A total of 5752 adults sampled from three general practice registers were mailed a screening questionnaire. Subjects who reported the spine as a predominant site of @entity2 were sent a site-specific questionnaire (i.e., back or neck) that asked about severity. Prevalence estimates were calculated and extrapolated to the general population. Predictors of @entity2 were identified using logistic regression with comprehensive adjustment for confounders (including @entity2 at other anatomic sites). RESULTS: The 1-month-period prevalence of all reported @entity2 was 29% (95% confidence interval 27-31%), of which about half was intense, half was chronic, 40% was disabling, and 20% was intense, disabling, and chronic. Most @entity0 with back (75%) or neck (89%) @entity2 also reported @entity2 at other sites. Age, female gender (neck @entity2 only), high body mass index, living in an area of raised material deprivation, and south Asian ethnicity were significant predictors of @entity2 with disability. The association between body mass index and @entity4 was lost after adjustment for @entity2 at other sites. However, even after full adjustment, @entity1 (OR, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.5) and high deprivation (OR, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.7) were predictors of @entity3 with disability. CONCLUSIONS: Adjustment for @entity2 at other sites enabled assessment of whether observed associations were with @entity2 itself or with the other sites of @entity2 . Obesity is an important independent predictor of @entity3 and its severity. This has implications for primary prevention. The prevalence of @entity2 with disability continues to rise into old age. This has implications for healthcare planning.

title: Prevalence and predictors of intense, chronic, and XXXX in the UK general population.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A @entity5 is a relatively unusual @entity2 first described as a distinctive @entity2 arising from pleura. Some reports have shown that @entity5 also affect extrathoracic regions. The current study presents a literature review with four additional @entity0 with @entity5 arising from the extremities to clarify clinicopathologic features. The current four @entity0 were two males and two females, ranging from 17 to 60 years of age. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the current @entity0 showed inhomogeneous low to intermediate intensity signal on T1-weighted images and inhomogeneous intermediate to high intensity signal on T2-weighted images. Histologically, the @entity2 were composed of a haphazard proliferation of spindle cells, although cellularity was variable in each case. Two of the four @entity2 showed hypercellularity of spindle cells with focally myxomatous or hyaline changes, whereas @entity6 with scattered spindle cells throughout the specimens were observed in the other two @entity2 . Immunohistochemically, all four @entity0 showed positive immunoreactivity for @entity4 , and two @entity2 showed focally positive immunoreactivity for @entity3 protein. During the followup of 12 to 54 months, neither local recurrence nor distant @entity1 was detected after wide resection. Examination of the literature and the current @entity0 suggests that @entity5 in the extremities are likely to have a malignant potential, although most @entity0 have a benign clinical course. Local wide resection and careful long-term followup are necessary for @entity0 with @entity5 in the extremities.

title: XXXX in the extremity: case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate subjective health status among early retired individuals pensioned due to @entity1 . DESIGN: A survey of self-reported health status and health care utilization by means of a mailed questionnaire. SETTING: Early retirees (cases) and a random sample (controls) of individuals from the municipality of Kristianstad, Sweden. SUBJECTS:                 <AbstractText Label="CASES" NlmCategory="METHODS">all individuals aged 25-59 years granted a full-time early retirement pension during the period 1986-1990 due to @entity1 (n = 450). The response rate was 83.6%. CONTROLS: An age- and sex-matched sample (n = 450). The response rate was 82.7%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported health status and health care utilization. RESULTS: Early retirement entailed a deterioration in self-reported health status among @entity0 , all ages, and @entity0 aged 25-54 years. Female retirees aged 55-64 reported an improvement in health status since retirement. Early retired female immigrants were less satisfied with their health status than the Swedish ones. Early retirees reported higher health care utilization than controls, but with a reduction since retirement. Drug consumption was high. CONCLUSION: The beneficial effects of early retirement were evident among old @entity0 . @entity0 and young and middle-aged @entity0 may need support to adjust to life as a retiree. Special attention should be given to the female immigrant retiree.

title: Health and health care utilization among early retirement pensioners with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Seventeen @entity0 with severe @entity2 were reviewed for an average of 59.6 months after surgical synovectomy to record radiographic progression of arthropathic changes, frequency of @entity4 , and range of motion. There were 12 knees and five elbows in the study. Most joints showed some radiographic progression of the @entity3 . In aged @entity0 , two knees progressed to end-stage disease. The frequency of @entity4 was greatly decreased in all joints and especially in the elbow. Range of motion was preserved for most knees but was reduced significantly for the elbow. Three of five elbows had additional procedures. This factor may be responsible, in part, for lost motion in the elbow as compared to the relatively good results in the knee having had true synovectomy. While the incidence of bleeding is significantly decreased after surgical synovectomy, it is not necessarily associated with a cessation of the progression of joint pathology. Reduced incidence of @entity1 following postsurgical synovectomy may serve to delay reconstructive operations until a later period in life. Eventually, the disease proceeds to end-stage @entity3 as joint function correspondingly decreases with age. Early surgical synovectomy for intractable chronic @entity2 is recommended as a useful measure in the management of @entity3 . @entity0 should be treated conservatively with therapeutic doses of factor concentrate replacement for a reasonable period of time in an effort to obviate surgical treatment.

title: Synovectomy in XXXX . A retrospective review of 17 cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the Peabody Developmental Gross Motor Scale ( @entity5 ) as an evaluative measure of @entity0 receiving physical therapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity0 who attended an early intervention program (N = 124) were grouped by diagnosis: @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity3 , preterm with @entity1 , full term with @entity1 , and other. The @entity5 was administered to each @entity0 three times over a 6-month period by a therapist who did not provide treatment. RESULTS: Mean scaled scores and age-equivalent scores increased for each group. Individual change was examined using the reliable change index. The results indicated that the change in total raw score for 62% of the @entity0 was greater than what could be attributed to measurement error. When minimal clinically important change was defined as 10 scaled score points, the index of responsiveness was equal to 0.5. This finding indicates that a sample size of 68 subjects per group would be needed when the @entity5 is used as an outcome measure in research. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: The mean change scores for each group support the use of the @entity5 as an evaluative measure. For many @entity0 , particularly @entity0 with @entity2 , the @entity5 was not responsive to change over a 6-month period. The index of responsiveness suggests that the @entity5 should be used only as an outcome measure in large clinical trials. The @entity5 is not recommended for evaluating the direct effects of physical therapy but is recommended for providing a global measure of change in motor development as part of a multidimensional assessment.

title: Validity of the Peabody Developmental Gross Motor Scale as an evaluative measure of XXXX receiving physical therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Six cases of acute postdiscectomy @entity3 (C.E.S.) following lumbar discectomy were reviewed retrospectively in a series of 2842 lumbar discectomies over a ten-year period. Five cases had coexisting @entity1 at the level of the disc protrusion. The @entity1 was not decompressed at the time of discectomy. Inadequate decompression played a role in the @entity0 postoperation. The cause of the sixth case is unknown. Bowel and bladder recovery was good when the cauda equina decompressed early; sensory recovery was universally good, and motor recovery was poor if a severe deficit had developed before decompression. Careful review of the preoperative myelogram to rule out spinal stenosis and @entity2 at discectomy are recommended for prevention of postoperative C.E.S. Urgent decompression of postoperative C.E.S. is advisable if compression of the cauda equina is confirmed radiographically.

title: XXXX : a complication of lumbar discectomy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increase of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) has been described in blood mononuclear white cells of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). This study was intended to search for the putative relationship between @entity1 and @entity6 in inflammatory cells. MATERIAL/METHODS: The @entity0 monocyte cell line U-937 was used as a model of blood mononuclear leucocytes. @entity6 activity was determined as the increase of @entity2 degradation, which is specifically inhibited by @entity9 . Intracellular @entity2 content was measured and correlated to @entity6 activity. RESULTS: 1 microM @entity1 produced a 2- to 3-fold selective increase in @entity6 activity in U-937 cells after 4 hours of incubation. Enzyme activation was reversible, concentration- and time dependent. @entity5 (10 microM) prevented @entity1 -induced stimulation of @entity6 . The H2-receptor antagonist, @entity8 , but not the H1-receptor antagonist, @entity7 , prevented @entity1 -induced activation of @entity6 in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of @entity2 degradation in the presence of @entity1 plus rolipram after 4 h of incubation further increased @entity2 levels and @entity6 activity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity1 -induced stimulation of @entity6 is mediated by the H2 receptor and related to intracellular levels of @entity2 . AMPc enhancement of the cyclic @entity3 levels may trigger expression and synthesis of this enzyme.

title: @entity1 up-regulates phosphodiesterase IV activity in U-937 cells through H2 receptor stimulation and XXXX increase.

answer: @entity2