abstract: The thrombolytic efficacy of defibrase (DF) and urokinase (UK) was evaluated and compared in a @entity0 model in which left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) @entity2 formation was initiated by electrical stimulation (150 UA, DC) of the arterial intimal surface via an implanted @entity3 wire electrode. Forty-eight mongrel @entity0 were equally divided into 8 groups: six groups for both intravenous (iv) and intracoronary (ic) infusion of DF, UK and normal saline 30 min after complete obstruction by a LCX @entity2 , the remaining two groups for iv infusion DF and UK 360 min after occlusion. Results showed that in the control groups no LCX recanalization after infusion occurred, but all the treated groups recanalized when drug infusion started 30 min after occlusion. @entity2 wet weight and @entity6 size were much higher in the control group. No significant differences were found between treated groups except that the recanalizing speed was fastest by ic UK with the highest occurrence rate of reperfusion @entity4 . For 6-hour-old thrombi, DF was more effective than UK for recanalization. @entity2 wet weight and @entity6 size were lower in the recanalized @entity0 . Both agents reduced plasma plasminogen and fibrinogen significantly but serious incision @entity1 was only found in the UK group. In order to study the mechanism underlying UK-induced @entity1 , we observed the influences of UK and DF on @entity5 factors in another 12 @entity0 . Results showed that DF only reduced factor 1 while UK additionally reduced coagulation factors 2, 7, 8 and 10, indicating that the non-selective depletive effect on coagulation factors may be one of the mechanisms of UK-induced @entity1 . We conclude that both DF and UK can lyse fresh coronary thrombi, DF was more effective than UK on lysing older thrombi, considering its convenient use and less frequency of side effects, DF is therefore considered a more promising agent clinically.

title: Comparison of the thrombolytic efficacy of defibrase and urokinase on XXXX coronary artery thrombosis and the mechanism of urokinase-induced @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: During the past decade the number of @entity0 undergoing saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has increased worldwide. With a rate of late graft occlusion approximating 4% each year, the number of @entity0 at risk for late graft occlusion continues to increase. Whereas in 1976 only 0.8% of the CABGs performed at our institution were reoperations for occluded grafts, by 1985 repeat procedures comprised 12.4% of the CABGs performed. Excised, occluded saphenous vein grafts from 52 of 119 (44%) of these @entity0 showed @entity2 superimposed on @entity3 . Ten autopsy @entity0 showed similar lesions in their occluded grafts. The lesion was present in grafts excised as early as 3 years and as late as 14 years after bypass surgery; most occurred 5 to 10 years after implantation. Neither age at first bypass, sex, nor coronary artery bypassed permitted prediction of the occurrence of the lesion. Thrombosed, ruptured @entity3 is a common, clinically significant mechanism of late graft occlusion. It is associated with recurrent symptoms that necessitate repeat revascularization and may result in @entity1 . The lesion may also be amenable to thrombolytic therapy, angioplasty, or both.

title: Thrombosed, XXXX in saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts: ten years' experience.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Immunoglobulins A, G1, @entity4 and M were localized at the corneal surface of adult Swiss-Webster @entity0 using Sternberger's peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique. Immunoglobulins G2b, G3 and E and lysozyme were not present at the corneal surface of the @entity0 . Light microscopy of whole @entity0 eyes incubated for the detection of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) demonstrated a population of positively-stained corneal surface cells. @entity1 , @entity2 and IgM could not be similarly detected at the light microscopic level. At the transmission electron microscopic level, a greater amount of staining for @entity3 was localized over the mature corneal surface cells. A lesser amount of @entity3 staining occurred over the young and mature corneal surface cells. In contrast to this, @entity1 , @entity2 and IgM were randomly distributed over the corneal surface and were not preferentially localized over young or mature surface cells. The staining for @entity1 , @entity2 and IgM was less than the staining for @entity3 at the corneal surface. @entity3 was also localized at the corneal surface using an indirect immunoferritin technique. These studies suggest that immunoglobulins A, G and M are intimately associated with the glycocalyx and microvilli of the corneal surface cells. At present it is not known whether these immunoglobulins are bound directly to the surface cell apical plasma membrane or indirectly via mucus glycoproteins at the ocular surface.

title: Immunocytochemical localization of immunoglobulins at the corneal surface of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The mechanisms of lysis of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC) from the @entity9 ( @entity9 ) were studied by determining the effects of various inhibitors of cellular metabolism on cytolysis of NC-37 @entity0 @entity3 target cells. Inhibition of NCC-mediated lysis by @entity13 ( @entity6 ) and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) indicated a requirement for cellular energy metabolism. @entity5 , an inhibitor of microfilaments, and @entity12 , an inhibitor of cellular secretion, both prevented lysis by NCC. Three microtubule inhibitors, @entity11 , @entity7 , and @entity14 , all inhibited target cell lysis. Two divalent cation chelators, @entity4 and @entity8 , blocked NCC activity. Elimination of both @entity2 and Mg2+ by @entity4 prevented target cell binding and killing. Selective removal of @entity2 by @entity8 prevented killing but did not block target cell binding. These results indicated that nonspecific @entity1 in fish is an active process which requires cell movement and an intact secretory apparatus. The mechanisms of cytolysis by NCC were found (except for the requirement of microtubules) to be analogous to those of @entity0 NK cells. Combined with morphological studies, these data strongly suggest that a phylogenetic relationship exists between these effector cells.

title: Nonspecific cytotoxic cells in fish ( XXXX ). V. Metabolic requirements of lysis.

answer: @entity9


abstract: The etiology of insulin resistance during @entity0 is still poorly understood. Changes in @entity3 binding and the existence of postreceptor alterations have been proposed. In an attempt to clarify the role of low pH and @entity2 bodies in the insulin resistance, we examined the effectiveness of insulin during and after 48 h of exposure of cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes to low pH and ketoacids. In the "acute" stage, lowering of physiologic pH (pH 7.4) to pH 6.9 induced a decrease in insulin binding (50%), which was due to a decrease in the rate of association. Concomitantly, the insulin sensitivity was decreased (ninefold). The basal @entity4 uptake and insulin responsiveness were only slightly decreased at low pH. @entity1 partially counteracted the effect of low pH on insulin binding and sensitivity in a dose-dependent fashion (ED50: 10 mM). The binding-enhancing effect of @entity5 was more pronounced at low pH than at physiologic pH and absent at optimum pH (pH 8.0). After 48 h of exposure of the cells to pH 6.9, insulin binding and insulin sensitivity (measured at physiologic pH) were similar as in cells cultured at pH 7.4. The insulin response, however, was substantially impaired (40%), due to an increase in basal @entity4 uptake as well as a decrease in maximal insulin-stimulated uptake. These postbinding alterations induced by low pH could be reversed by culturing the cells at physiologic pH for another 48 h. Prolonged exposure to ketoacids did not affect the insulin effectiveness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Low pH and ketoacids induce XXXX binding and postbinding alterations in cultured 3T3 adipocytes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Continuous epidural anaesthesia was carried out in 23 @entity0 (age 13.9 +/- 6 months, weight 9.09 +/- 2.5 kg) scheduled for long surgical procedure (soft tissue release for @entity8 , "pull-through" for @entity5 , various genito-urinary procedures). The lumbar epidural space was punctured under general anaesthesia with a 19 G Tuohy needle. A graduated 24 G @entity6 catheter was then inserted and fixed. The local anaesthetic used was @entity2 0.25% (0.71 +/- 0.02 ml X kg-1), with or without 1:200,000 @entity3 . Five and 10 min after injection of @entity2 , heart rate was significantly decreased (p less than 0.05) when compared with pre-induction values, but systolic blood pressure did not change. No other haemodynamic changes occurred. @entity1 was sufficient in all but two cases at incision. Mean duration of surgical procedure was 143 +/- 9.2 min. The time of the first reinjection was significantly longer if @entity2 with @entity3 was used (116 +/- 2.34 min), when compared with @entity2 without @entity3 (68.9 +/- 3.92 min) (p less than 0.001). No systemic analgesic was needed during the surgical procedure and anaesthesia was maintained either with @entity4 (inspiratory fraction less than 0.5%) or @entity7 (inspiratory fraction less than 0.8%). All @entity0 were extubated at the end of the surgical procedure. The catheter was maintained in 16 @entity0 for postoperative @entity1 . The first postoperative injection was given 7.1 +/- 0.45 h later. The catheter remained in situ 26.7 +/- 4.1 h. No complication was observed. Thus, during surgery, the need for systemic @entity1 was avoided and a rapid and safe postoperative recovery was obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Continuous peridural anesthesia in XXXX less than 2 years old].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The number of @entity0 Day Care Centers has increased progressively in underdeveloped countries. These Institutions offer conditions that facilitate the transmission of enteric agents. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of @entity7 in Day Care Centers from San Francisco municipality, Zulia state, Venezuela. A poll was applied to collect personal and clinical data. Fecal samples from 82 @entity0 of one or another sex, between 11 months and 6 years old, who normally assist to four Day Care Centers of the municipality mentioned above, were analyzed. The samples were processed by fresh examination, lugol temporal coloration and the @entity3 -ether technique. A percentual analysis was applied for the statistical study. From the 82 processed samples, 37 (45.1%) showed the presence of @entity4 . The clinical symptoms most frequently observed in the study were @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity2 and inappetence. Statistical results did not show a significant difference of this @entity6 with relationship to sex; however, there is a predominance in @entity0 of school age (75%). The result of this work shows a high prevalence of @entity7 in Day Care Centers of the municipality studied, which suggests that this institutions gather the conditions that facilitate the transmission of this flagellate, and that preventive measures must be put into practice.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX in day care centers in San Francisco municipality, state of Zulia, Venezuela].

answer: @entity7


abstract: The etiologic factors of @entity5 (P.E.M.) have been studied in 59 @entity0 with kwashiorkor (KWK) or marasmus-kwashiorkor (MKWK) and living in an african urban area. The decline of breast feeding leads to an earlier P.E.M., mainly MKWK. This decline is linked to urbanization, mother's activities, dislocation of traditional structures and use of artificial formulas. Essentially based on cereals, the diet is responsible of the post-weaning P.E.M. Poverty, ignorance and food taboos are related to a lack in weaning food varieties. A small number of @entity0 with KWK had a rich protein diet putting back the cause of an hypoproteic diet on the KWK onset. Infections play a determinant role in the onset of KWK and of some MKWK, after 2 years of age. @entity3 , measles, bronchopulmonary and @entity4 are the most prevalent @entity2 . Among socio-cultural factors, @entity1 are predominating with @entity0 -mother break-up and father's bonding failure. At the opposite of rural areas, the family size is reduced. The three first birth ranges are specially concerned with young inexperienced mothers.

title: [ XXXX in an urban African milieu (Togo). Etiologic factors in kwashiorkor and marasmus-kwashiorkor].

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED:     Background: @entity2 and aging are suggested as risk factors for @entity1 ( @entity4 ). We studied the prevalence of @entity4 among @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), its impact on @entity3 in the first year, and the potential role of assisted @entity3 .     Methods: One hundred fourteen @entity0 were newly started on @entity3 between February 2011 and July 2013. Montreal Cognitive Assessment was performed in the absence of acute illness. Data on @entity0 characteristics including demographics, comorbidities, blood parameters, dialysis adequacy, presence of helpers, medications, and the number @entity3 -related infections were collected.     Results: The age of studied @entity0 was 59  15.0 years, and 47% were female. The prevalence of @entity4 was 28.9%. @entity0 older than 65 years old (odds ratio [OR] 4.88, @entity4 [ @entity4 ] 1.79 - 13.28 p = 0.002) and with an education of primary level or below (OR 4.08, @entity4 1.30 - 12.81, p = 0.016) were independent risk factors for @entity4 in multivariate analysis. @entity0 with @entity3 were significantly older (p < 0.001) and more likely to have @entity4 as defined by MoCA (p = 0.035). After adjustment for age, however, @entity4 was not a significant independent risk factor for @entity3 among self-care @entity3 @entity0 (OR 2.20, @entity4 0.65- 7.44, p = 0.20). When we compared @entity0 with MoCA-defined @entity4 receiving self-care and assisted @entity3 , there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of age, MoCA scores, or comorbidities. There were also no statistically significant differences in 1-year outcome of @entity3 rates or exit-site infections.     Conclusion: @entity1 is common among local @entity3 @entity0 . Even with @entity4 , @entity3 rate in self-care @entity3 with adequate training is similar to @entity4 @entity0 on assisted @entity3 .

title: PREVALENCE OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AMONG PERITONEAL DIALYSIS XXXX , IMPACT ON PERITONITIS AND ROLE OF ASSISTED DIALYSIS.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A high-throughput 96-microwell plate fluorometric method was developed and validated to determine @entity0 ( @entity1 ) in its dosage forms. The method was based on the charge-transfer (CT) sensitized fluorescence reaction of @entity1 with @entity2 (DDQ). This fluorescence reaction provided a new approach for simple, sensitive and selective determinations of @entity1 in pharmaceutical preparations. In the present method, the fluorescence reaction was carried out in 96-microwell plates as reaction vessels in order to increase the automation of the methodology and the efficiency of its use in quality control laboratories. All factors affecting the fluorescence reaction were carefully studied and the conditions were optimized. The stoichiometry of the fluorescence reaction between @entity1 and DDQ was determined and the reaction mechanism was suggested. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range was 100-6000  ng/ml with the lowest LOD of 33  ng/ml. Analytical performance of the proposed assay, in terms of accuracy and precision, was statistically validated and the results were satisfactory; RSD was <2.6  % and the accuracy was 98.6-101.6  %. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of @entity1 in its dosage forms; the recovery values were 98.26-99.60      0.95-2.22  %. The developed methodology may provide a safer, automated and economic tool for the analysis of @entity1 in quality control laboratories.

title: A Validated High-Throughput Fluorometric Method for Determination of XXXX in Quality Control Laboratory via Charge Transfer Sensitized Fluorescence.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We report the case of a 23-year-old @entity0 who was abused at the age of 5 months. She suffered from complications frequently associated with @entity5 , such as @entity4 secondary to @entity2 . The @entity0 underwent a procedure to place a ventriculoperitoneal shunt 3 weeks after her presentation with signs of abuse. The ventricular shunt remained in place throughout her life, and the @entity0 received multiple revisions. She also was noted to have a markedly thickened calvarium on both radiographs and computed tomographic scan at 6 years old. She died following an episode of grand @entity1 . An autopsy was performed and her skull was found to be thickened circumferentially. Histologic examination revealed increased cancellous space with normal trabecular bone. It is hypothesized that @entity3 resulting from chronic ventricular shunting lead to her thickened calvarium, a condition previously reported as @entity6 cranii ex vacuo. Dural changes seen microscopically corroborate this hypothesis.

title: Marked calvarial thickening and dural changes following chronic ventricular shunting for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Sixteen @entity0 with aggressive primary testicular involvement were analyzed separately from a prospective multicenter series of 494 @entity0 with stage I/II aggressive @entity4 . The treatment strategy included 3 cycles of @entity13 -based chemotherapy followed by regional radiation therapy on inguinal, iliac, and para-aortic lymph nodes and central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis by intrathecal chemotherapy and brain irradiation. Chemotherapy was stratified by age group. @entity0 aged 18-60 years received the Groupe Ouest Est d'Etude des Leucemies Aigues et Maladies du Sang (GOELAMS) 02 protocol: 3 monthly cycles of VCAP ( @entity15 3 mg/m2 day 1, @entity3 80 mg/m2 day 2, @entity5 1500 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity1 80 mg/m2 days 1-5). @entity0 aged 61-75 years received the GOELAMS 03 protocol: 3 monthly cycles of VECP-Bleo ( @entity15 3 mg/m2 day 1, @entity8 60 mg/m2 day 1, @entity5 750 mg/m2 day 1, @entity1 50 mg/m2 days 1-7, and @entity10 10 mg/m2 days 1 and 5). Sixteen @entity0 had testicular involvement (3.3%). Median age was 62 years (range, 29-73 years). The histological subtypes were @entity14 in all cases. Ann Arbor stage was IEA in 11 @entity0 , IEB in 3 @entity0 , and IIEA in 2 @entity0 . All @entity0 achieved a complete response. One @entity0 died from @entity2 during the last course of chemotherapy. After a median follow-up period of 73.5 months, the probability of disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity9 ( @entity9 ) were 70% and 65%, respectively for all @entity0 . @entity9 were 66% and 83% in @entity0 = 60 years of age, and 74% and 56% in @entity0 > 60 years of age. Relapse occurred in extranodal sites in 4 cases and in abdominal lymph nodes in the last case. Relapse in the CNS occurred in only 1 @entity0 and in the contralateral @entity7 in 1 @entity0 . We found no correlation between @entity9 , DFS and extent of testicular involvement, Ann Arbor stage, International Prognostic Index score, or @entity6 dehydrogenase level. This is the first report of a prospective study in which treatment of @entity12 was precisely defined at diagnosis. Compared to other series, a combination of orchiectomy with 3 cycles of CHOP ( @entity5 / @entity3 / @entity11 / @entity1 )-derived chemotherapy, regional radiation therapy, and CNS prophylaxis seems to improve prognosis. The improvement in prognosis seemed to be due in part to irradiation, including the pelvic and lomboaortic lymphatic areas, and in part to CNS prophylaxis.

title: Stage I-IIE primary @entity12 of the XXXX : results of a prospective trial by the GOELAMS Study Group.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Sixteen @entity0 with aggressive primary testicular involvement were analyzed separately from a prospective multicenter series of 494 @entity0 with stage I/II aggressive @entity4 . The treatment strategy included 3 cycles of @entity13 -based chemotherapy followed by regional radiation therapy on inguinal, iliac, and para-aortic lymph nodes and central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis by intrathecal chemotherapy and brain irradiation. Chemotherapy was stratified by age group. @entity0 aged 18-60 years received the Groupe Ouest Est d'Etude des Leucemies Aigues et Maladies du Sang (GOELAMS) 02 protocol: 3 monthly cycles of VCAP ( @entity15 3 mg/m2 day 1, @entity3 80 mg/m2 day 2, @entity5 1500 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity1 80 mg/m2 days 1-5). @entity0 aged 61-75 years received the GOELAMS 03 protocol: 3 monthly cycles of VECP-Bleo ( @entity15 3 mg/m2 day 1, @entity8 60 mg/m2 day 1, @entity5 750 mg/m2 day 1, @entity1 50 mg/m2 days 1-7, and @entity10 10 mg/m2 days 1 and 5). Sixteen @entity0 had testicular involvement (3.3%). Median age was 62 years (range, 29-73 years). The histological subtypes were @entity14 in all cases. Ann Arbor stage was IEA in 11 @entity0 , IEB in 3 @entity0 , and IIEA in 2 @entity0 . All @entity0 achieved a complete response. One @entity0 died from @entity2 during the last course of chemotherapy. After a median follow-up period of 73.5 months, the probability of disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity9 ( @entity9 ) were 70% and 65%, respectively for all @entity0 . @entity9 were 66% and 83% in @entity0 = 60 years of age, and 74% and 56% in @entity0 > 60 years of age. Relapse occurred in extranodal sites in 4 cases and in abdominal lymph nodes in the last case. Relapse in the CNS occurred in only 1 @entity0 and in the contralateral @entity7 in 1 @entity0 . We found no correlation between @entity9 , DFS and extent of testicular involvement, Ann Arbor stage, International Prognostic Index score, or @entity6 dehydrogenase level. This is the first report of a prospective study in which treatment of @entity12 was precisely defined at diagnosis. Compared to other series, a combination of orchiectomy with 3 cycles of CHOP ( @entity5 / @entity3 / @entity11 / @entity1 )-derived chemotherapy, regional radiation therapy, and CNS prophylaxis seems to improve prognosis. The improvement in prognosis seemed to be due in part to irradiation, including the pelvic and lomboaortic lymphatic areas, and in part to CNS prophylaxis.

title: Stage I-IIE primary XXXX of the @entity7 : results of a prospective trial by the GOELAMS Study Group.

answer: @entity12


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) is conventionally performed under general anaesthesia (GA), but there are multiple studies which have found spinal anaesthesia (SA) as a safe alternative. This meta-analysis was performed after adding many recent @entity1 ( @entity1 ) to clarify this issue. METHODS: Relevant articles published in English were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register from January 1, 2000 to December 1, 2014. Reference lists of the retrieved articles were reviewed to identify additional articles. Primary outcomes ( @entity3 scores) and secondary outcomes (operating time (OT) and @entity2 ) were pooled. Quantitative variables were calculated using the @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and qualitative variables were pooled using odds ratios (OR). RESULTS: Seven appropriate @entity1 were identified from 912 published articles. Seven hundred and twelve @entity0 were treated, 352 in SA group and 360 in GA group. LC under SA was superior to LC under GA in @entity3 within 12  h (visual analogue score (VAS) in 2-4  h, @entity4   =   -1.61, P   =   0.000; VAS in 6-8  h, @entity4   =   -1.277, P   =   0.015) and @entity2 ( @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity4   =   0.427, P   =   0.001; Overall Morbidity @entity4   =   0.691, P   =   0.027). The GA group was superior to SA group in postoperative urinary retention ( @entity4   =   4.273, P   =   0.022). There were no significant differences in operating time ( @entity4   =   0.184, P   =   0.141) between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: SA as the sole anaesthesia technique is feasible, safe for elective LC.

title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anaesthesia vs. general anaesthesia: a meta-analysis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The interrelationship between @entity2 hormone secretion and gonadotropin secretion during the @entity0 menstrual cycle is a set of complex interactions. The temporal relationship between @entity1 and @entity4 secretion, the preovulatory surge of gonadotropins and the time of ovulation, has been studied extensively. The median time interval between the first rise of @entity1 , @entity4 , LH and FSH, and ovulation has been estimated to be 82.5 hr, 7.8 hr, 32 hr and 21.1 hr, respectively. The median time interval between peak blood concentrations of @entity1 , LH and FSH, and the time of ovulation is estimated to be 24, 16.5 and 15.3 hr. There is considerable individual variation in the above mentioned estimates. The rising levels of blood @entity1 that are secreted by the maturing ovarian follicles appear to be the primary trigger for the surge of gonadotropins leading to ovulation. In the experimental animal, the @entity3 effect takes place at the level of the hypothalamus in the release of @entity5 and at the level of the pituitary in increasing its sensitivity to @entity5 . There appears to be a good correlation between the nuclear translocation of occupied @entity3 receptors in the hypothalamus and the pituitary and the manifestation of @entity3 effects. In the @entity0 , a rise in @entity4 begins to take place after the first rise in LH has occurred. @entity4 appears to have both a stimulatory and inhibitory effect on gonadotropin secretion in the experimental animal and the @entity0 . Thus it exerts a fine-tune modulatory influence of @entity3 effects which include enhancement of the @entity1 induced gonadotropin surge, and perhaps the initiation of the midcycle FSH surge in the @entity0 . The abrupt termination of the preovulatory gonadotropin surge is difficult to explain because the pituitary gland is not depleted of its gonadotropin content or its capacity to secrete gonadotropins. Preliminary results suggests that @entity4 by exerting its inhibitory influence may be responsible for the termination of the gonadotropin surge. This hypothesis, however, needs careful confirmation. The effects of @entity4 may be manifested at higher brain centers, the hypothalamus and the pituitary, and may involve not only the release of @entity5 but also an alteration of the pulsatile pattern of release of @entity5 . The recognition of these components, along with the presence and control of @entity5 degrading enzymes in the hypothalamus and the pituitary, emphasize the complexity of the system and the need for further work to gain a better understanding of the steroidal regulation of gonadotropin secretion.

title: The dynamic interaction between steroids and gonadotropins in the XXXX ovulatory cycle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Once-weekly @entity5 agonists (GLP-1RAs) are new drugs for the treatment of type 2 @entity1 . PURPOSE: To summarize evidence for the cardiometabolic efficacy and adverse effects of once-weekly GLP-1RAs in adults with type 2 @entity1 . DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, ClinicalTrials.gov) and congress abstracts from inception through 26 September 2015. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized, controlled trials (>= 24 weeks of follow-up) studying albiglutide, dulaglutide, once-weekly exenatide, semaglutide, and @entity6 and reporting a cardiometabolic (primary outcome, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]) or safety outcome. DATA EXTRACTION: Extraction was done in duplicate, and risk of bias was assessed. No language restriction was applied. DATA SYNTHESIS: 34 trials (21  126 @entity0 ) were included. Compared with placebo, all once-weekly GLP-1RAs reduced HbA1c and fasting plasma @entity3 ; @entity6 , 20 mg, once-weekly exenatide, and dulaglutide, 1.5 mg, reduced body weight. Among once-weekly GLP-1RAs, the greatest differences were found between dulaglutide, 1.5 mg, and @entity6 , 10 mg, for HbA1c (-0.4% [95% CI, -0.7% to -0.2%]), once-weekly exenatide and albiglutide for fasting plasma @entity3 (-0.7 mmol/L [CI, -1.1 to -0.2 mmol/L]; -12.6 mg/dL [CI, -19.8 to -3.6 mg/dL]), and @entity6 , 20 mg, and dulaglutide, 0.75 mg, for body weight (-1.5 kg [CI, -2.2 to -0.8]). Clinically marginal or no differences were found for blood pressure, blood lipid levels, and C-reactive protein levels. Once-weekly exenatide increased heart rate compared with albiglutide and @entity7 (1.4 to 3.2 beats/min). Among once-weekly GLP-1RAs, the risk for @entity4 was similar, whereas @entity6 , 20 mg, had the greatest risk for @entity2 (odds ratios, 1.9 to 5.9). LIMITATION: Data were unavailable for semaglutide, definitions of outcomes were heterogeneous, the last-observation-carried-forward imputation method was used in 73% of trials, and publication bias is possible. CONCLUSION: Compared with other once-weekly GLP-1RAs, dulaglutide, 1.5 mg; once-weekly exenatide; and @entity6 , 20 mg, showed a greater reduction of HbA1c, fasting plasma @entity3 , and body weight. @entity6 , 20 mg, had the highest risk for @entity2 ; risk for @entity4 among once-weekly GLP-1RAs was similar. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Sanofi Aventis (grant to the University of Leicester).

title: Benefits and Harms of Once-Weekly XXXX Agonist Treatments: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a common chronic remitting disease but without satisfactory treatment. Alternative medicine @entity9 has received massive attention for its potential in @entity1 treatment. Conventional therapies with the addition of @entity9 are becoming attractive as novel therapies in @entity1 . In the present study, we investigated the preclinical activity of a conventional oral @entity7 ( @entity8 ) therapy plus @entity9 in experimental @entity6 . A subclinical dose of @entity8 (200 mg/kg/day) alone or @entity8 plus @entity9 (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 30 days to C57BL/6 @entity0 with @entity6 induced by three cycles of 2% dextran sulfate @entity5 (DSS). The disease severity, inflammatory responses, drug accumulation and potential @entity2 of @entity6 @entity0 were examined. The results showed that comparing to @entity8 alone, @entity8 plus @entity9 more potently ameliorated DSS-induced disease severity, @entity4 . Further, the up-regulation in mRNA level of colonic @entity3 as well as NFkB and @entity10 phosphorylation caused by DSS were more pronouncedly reversed in animals treated with the combination therapy than those treated with @entity8 alone. Moreover, the addition of @entity9 to @entity8 more significantly inhibited lymphocyte @entity3 secretion of DSS @entity0 than @entity8 alone. In the meanwhile, no extra drug accumulation or potential @entity2 to major organs of @entity6 @entity0 was observed with this combination treatment. In summary, our studies provide preclinical rationale for the addition of @entity9 to @entity8 as a promising therapeutic strategy in clinic by reducing dose of standard therapy.

title: Addition of @entity9 to @entity7 for Treatment of Dextran Sulfate XXXX -Induced @entity6 in C57BL/6 @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a common chronic remitting disease but without satisfactory treatment. Alternative medicine @entity9 has received massive attention for its potential in @entity1 treatment. Conventional therapies with the addition of @entity9 are becoming attractive as novel therapies in @entity1 . In the present study, we investigated the preclinical activity of a conventional oral @entity7 ( @entity8 ) therapy plus @entity9 in experimental @entity6 . A subclinical dose of @entity8 (200 mg/kg/day) alone or @entity8 plus @entity9 (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 30 days to C57BL/6 @entity0 with @entity6 induced by three cycles of 2% dextran sulfate @entity5 (DSS). The disease severity, inflammatory responses, drug accumulation and potential @entity2 of @entity6 @entity0 were examined. The results showed that comparing to @entity8 alone, @entity8 plus @entity9 more potently ameliorated DSS-induced disease severity, @entity4 . Further, the up-regulation in mRNA level of colonic @entity3 as well as NFkB and @entity10 phosphorylation caused by DSS were more pronouncedly reversed in animals treated with the combination therapy than those treated with @entity8 alone. Moreover, the addition of @entity9 to @entity8 more significantly inhibited lymphocyte @entity3 secretion of DSS @entity0 than @entity8 alone. In the meanwhile, no extra drug accumulation or potential @entity2 to major organs of @entity6 @entity0 was observed with this combination treatment. In summary, our studies provide preclinical rationale for the addition of @entity9 to @entity8 as a promising therapeutic strategy in clinic by reducing dose of standard therapy.

title: Addition of XXXX to @entity7 for Treatment of Dextran Sulfate @entity5 -Induced @entity6 in C57BL/6 @entity0 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a common chronic remitting disease but without satisfactory treatment. Alternative medicine @entity9 has received massive attention for its potential in @entity1 treatment. Conventional therapies with the addition of @entity9 are becoming attractive as novel therapies in @entity1 . In the present study, we investigated the preclinical activity of a conventional oral @entity7 ( @entity8 ) therapy plus @entity9 in experimental @entity6 . A subclinical dose of @entity8 (200 mg/kg/day) alone or @entity8 plus @entity9 (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 30 days to C57BL/6 @entity0 with @entity6 induced by three cycles of 2% dextran sulfate @entity5 (DSS). The disease severity, inflammatory responses, drug accumulation and potential @entity2 of @entity6 @entity0 were examined. The results showed that comparing to @entity8 alone, @entity8 plus @entity9 more potently ameliorated DSS-induced disease severity, @entity4 . Further, the up-regulation in mRNA level of colonic @entity3 as well as NFkB and @entity10 phosphorylation caused by DSS were more pronouncedly reversed in animals treated with the combination therapy than those treated with @entity8 alone. Moreover, the addition of @entity9 to @entity8 more significantly inhibited lymphocyte @entity3 secretion of DSS @entity0 than @entity8 alone. In the meanwhile, no extra drug accumulation or potential @entity2 to major organs of @entity6 @entity0 was observed with this combination treatment. In summary, our studies provide preclinical rationale for the addition of @entity9 to @entity8 as a promising therapeutic strategy in clinic by reducing dose of standard therapy.

title: Addition of @entity9 to @entity7 for Treatment of Dextran Sulfate @entity5 -Induced @entity6 in C57BL/6 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a common chronic remitting disease but without satisfactory treatment. Alternative medicine @entity9 has received massive attention for its potential in @entity1 treatment. Conventional therapies with the addition of @entity9 are becoming attractive as novel therapies in @entity1 . In the present study, we investigated the preclinical activity of a conventional oral @entity7 ( @entity8 ) therapy plus @entity9 in experimental @entity6 . A subclinical dose of @entity8 (200 mg/kg/day) alone or @entity8 plus @entity9 (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 30 days to C57BL/6 @entity0 with @entity6 induced by three cycles of 2% dextran sulfate @entity5 (DSS). The disease severity, inflammatory responses, drug accumulation and potential @entity2 of @entity6 @entity0 were examined. The results showed that comparing to @entity8 alone, @entity8 plus @entity9 more potently ameliorated DSS-induced disease severity, @entity4 . Further, the up-regulation in mRNA level of colonic @entity3 as well as NFkB and @entity10 phosphorylation caused by DSS were more pronouncedly reversed in animals treated with the combination therapy than those treated with @entity8 alone. Moreover, the addition of @entity9 to @entity8 more significantly inhibited lymphocyte @entity3 secretion of DSS @entity0 than @entity8 alone. In the meanwhile, no extra drug accumulation or potential @entity2 to major organs of @entity6 @entity0 was observed with this combination treatment. In summary, our studies provide preclinical rationale for the addition of @entity9 to @entity8 as a promising therapeutic strategy in clinic by reducing dose of standard therapy.

title: Addition of @entity9 to XXXX for Treatment of Dextran Sulfate @entity5 -Induced @entity6 in C57BL/6 @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a common chronic remitting disease but without satisfactory treatment. Alternative medicine @entity9 has received massive attention for its potential in @entity1 treatment. Conventional therapies with the addition of @entity9 are becoming attractive as novel therapies in @entity1 . In the present study, we investigated the preclinical activity of a conventional oral @entity7 ( @entity8 ) therapy plus @entity9 in experimental @entity6 . A subclinical dose of @entity8 (200 mg/kg/day) alone or @entity8 plus @entity9 (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 30 days to C57BL/6 @entity0 with @entity6 induced by three cycles of 2% dextran sulfate @entity5 (DSS). The disease severity, inflammatory responses, drug accumulation and potential @entity2 of @entity6 @entity0 were examined. The results showed that comparing to @entity8 alone, @entity8 plus @entity9 more potently ameliorated DSS-induced disease severity, @entity4 . Further, the up-regulation in mRNA level of colonic @entity3 as well as NFkB and @entity10 phosphorylation caused by DSS were more pronouncedly reversed in animals treated with the combination therapy than those treated with @entity8 alone. Moreover, the addition of @entity9 to @entity8 more significantly inhibited lymphocyte @entity3 secretion of DSS @entity0 than @entity8 alone. In the meanwhile, no extra drug accumulation or potential @entity2 to major organs of @entity6 @entity0 was observed with this combination treatment. In summary, our studies provide preclinical rationale for the addition of @entity9 to @entity8 as a promising therapeutic strategy in clinic by reducing dose of standard therapy.

title: Addition of @entity9 to @entity7 for Treatment of Dextran Sulfate @entity5 -Induced XXXX in C57BL/6 @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Using a quantitative immunoautoradiographic technique with simultaneously exposed internal standards, antigenic sites on A1, @entity7 , A2 and A2B erythrocytes were quantitated. The binding of purified radioiodinated rabbit anti-A antibodies was studied by the direct incubation technique. 61 normal individuals and 44 @entity0 suffering from @entity4 and other @entity1 such as @entity6 vera (PV) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were investigated. Among the normal volunteers, antigenic sites gradually increased up to 3 months of life, later on they were comparable with the values of adults. A reduction of more than 50% in the antigenic sites was observed in all cases of @entity5 . 50-70% of @entity0 with various forms of @entity4 had a decrease in antigenicity. 1 @entity0 suffering from acute unclassified @entity4 showed two populations of red cells. This case differed from natural O/A1 chimerism where A1 erythrocytes had normal antigenicity while in the patient, A1 antigens were @entity2 . 2 @entity0 (1 with @entity3 , 1 with @entity5 ) who were investigated after allogenic bone marrow transplantation had a marked decrease in antigenic sites. Reasons for A antigenic variations in @entity1 are discussed.

title: Changes in 'A' antigenic sites in XXXX . An immunoautoradiographic study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 (ACA) @entity5 are a challenge to manage. Difficult diagnosis, delayed presentation and catastrophic outcomes contribute to the overall prognosis of traumatic @entity2 . Clipping or coiling of the @entity3 and/or parent vessel occlusion are the treatment options. However, surgery and coiling both may be difficult due to limited access and the need for parent vessel preservation. Rarely, these @entity3 must be managed conservatively. We present four @entity0 with @entity2 admitted to our center in the last 10months. Three @entity0 had @entity5 of the distal ACA and one had an @entity3 arising from a cortical branch of the ACA. Their clinical presentations and management, along with outcomes, are discussed as well as the dilemmas associated with them. Three @entity0 were managed by clipping and coiling while one was managed conservatively. The diagnosis was made relatively early in three @entity0 while delayed @entity4 led to diagnosis in the fourth. Although the overall prognosis remains grim, with high mortality and morbidity rates, both microsurgical and interventional management of these @entity3 may be useful, if detected early before @entity1 . Expectant management and surveillance may be required in a select group of @entity0 .

title: XXXX and management options in the endovascular era.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity0 gut microbiome is involved in vital biological functions, such as maintenance of immune homeostasis and modulation of intestinal development and enhanced metabolic capabilities. Disturbances of the intestinal microbiota have been associated with development and progression of inflammatory conditions, including @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene produces an enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of the H antigen in body fluids and on the intestinal mucosa. @entity3 genotype has been shown to modify the gut microbiome. We hypothesized that @entity3 genotype influences risk of @entity1 and bacterial translocation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). @entity3 genotype was determined in 150 consecutive @entity0 receiving allogeneic HSCT at our center. We abstracted clinical characteristics and outcomes from the transplantation database. Cumulative risk of any acute @entity1 varied by @entity3 genotype, with decreased risk in those with A/A genotype and increased risk in those with G/G genotype. In contrast, the cumulative incidence of @entity2 was increased in those with A/A genotype. We conclude that the @entity3 genotype influences risk of acute @entity1 and @entity2 after HSCT. We hypothesize that the mechanisms involve altered intestinal surface glycosylation and microbial composition but this requires additional study.

title: A Genetic Modifier of the Gut Microbiome Influences the Risk of XXXX and @entity2 After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity0 gut microbiome is involved in vital biological functions, such as maintenance of immune homeostasis and modulation of intestinal development and enhanced metabolic capabilities. Disturbances of the intestinal microbiota have been associated with development and progression of inflammatory conditions, including @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene produces an enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of the H antigen in body fluids and on the intestinal mucosa. @entity3 genotype has been shown to modify the gut microbiome. We hypothesized that @entity3 genotype influences risk of @entity1 and bacterial translocation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). @entity3 genotype was determined in 150 consecutive @entity0 receiving allogeneic HSCT at our center. We abstracted clinical characteristics and outcomes from the transplantation database. Cumulative risk of any acute @entity1 varied by @entity3 genotype, with decreased risk in those with A/A genotype and increased risk in those with G/G genotype. In contrast, the cumulative incidence of @entity2 was increased in those with A/A genotype. We conclude that the @entity3 genotype influences risk of acute @entity1 and @entity2 after HSCT. We hypothesize that the mechanisms involve altered intestinal surface glycosylation and microbial composition but this requires additional study.

title: A Genetic Modifier of the Gut Microbiome Influences the Risk of @entity1 and XXXX After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We phenotyped with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) the cellular infiltrates in kidneys of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) responsive (R) or nonresponsive (NR) to pulse @entity6 therapy (PM)-eight anti- @entity1 , six no immune deposits, three immune complex, two @entity4 , and one proliferative GN. There were glomerular, periglomerular, crescentic, and interstitial T and T-cell subsets. Few interstitial and no glomerular B and NK cells were observed. TH cells were much more common than TS. Phenotypes were quantitatively evaluated in 221 nephritic and 32 control glomeruli. T and/or TH cells were positively correlated with M phi, r = 0.30 to 0.74, P less than 0.05 to 0.0005. Although differences in phenotypes were observed, these differences were insufficient to distinguish between subtypes. Analysis of R and NR revealed no relationship to percent crescents, entry serum @entity3 , @entity5 , or need for dialysis. NR was related to presence of @entity7 , P = 0.001, as was ability to stop dialysis, 0 of 7 @entity1 versus 9 of 10 other, P less than 0.001. Mild infiltrates of lymphocytes and M phi correlated with R, P less than or equal to 0.02. R had fewer numbers of TH and M phi in glomeruli, P = 0.0001, in crescents, P less than 0.02, and total TH and M phi compared to NR, P less than 0.001. Crescentic and total TH/S ratios were lower in NR than R, P less than 0.05. These findings demonstrate that components of the cell-mediated immune (CMI) system are present by MAb analysis, that subtypes cannot be differentiated by CMI constitution, and R to PM is related to intensity and composition of CMI involvement. Independence of the CMI system relative to @entity7 remains to be clarified.

title: T-cells and macrophages in XXXX : clinicopathologic correlations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Spinal interneurons are partially phase-locked to physiological @entity0 around 10 Hz. The phase of spinal interneuron activity is approximately opposite to descending drive to motoneurons, leading to partial phase cancellation and @entity0 reduction. Pre-synaptic inhibition of afferent feedback modulates during @entity1 , but it is not known whether it tracks more rapid fluctuations in motor output such as during @entity0 . In this study, dorsal root potentials (DRPs) were recorded from the C8 and T1 roots in two macaque monkeys following intra-spinal micro-stimulation (random inter-stimulus interval 1.5-2.5 s, 30-100  A), whilst the animals performed an index finger flexion task which elicited @entity2 around 10 Hz. Forty one responses were identified with latency < 5 ms; these were narrow (mean width 0.59 ms), and likely resulted from antidromic activation of afferents following stimulation near terminals. Significant modulation during task performance occurred in 16/41 responses, reflecting terminal excitability changes generated by pre-synaptic inhibition (Wall's excitability test). Stimuli falling during @entity3 in finger acceleration were extracted, and sub-averages of DRPs constructed for stimuli delivered at different oscillation phases. Although some apparent phase-dependent modulation was seen, this was not above the level expected by chance. We conclude that, although terminal excitability reflecting pre-synaptic inhibition of afferents modulates over the timescale of a @entity1 , it does not follow more rapid changes in motor output. This suggests that pre-synaptic inhibition is not part of the spinal systems for @entity0 reduction described previously, and that it plays a role in overall-but not moment-by-moment-regulation of feedback gain.

title: Pre-Synaptic Inhibition of Afferent Feedback in the Macaque Spinal Cord Does Not Modulate with Cycles of XXXX Around 10 Hz.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 is a disease of the elderly, with 70% of @entity0 being aged 65 years or older. In Western countries, the total number of elderly @entity0 with this disease is expected to further increase in the future. Since the incidence of adverse physical or socioeconomic conditions in the elderly is higher than in younger @entity0 , a thorough assessment of the @entity0 's suitability for therapy should be performed before a decision is made. Using a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) to subdivide the population of elderly @entity2 @entity0 into three groups can help to guide treatment decisions. Both in the adjuvant and in the palliative setting, there are sufficient data supporting the use of @entity6 -based chemotherapy in fit elderly @entity0 who can tolerate cytotoxic treatment. Systemic chemotherapy has been shown to effectively reduce mortality in the adjuvant situation and to be of clinical benefit for @entity0 with @entity1 in terms of longer survival, control of symptoms and quality of life. In recent years, new substances such as @entity5 or @entity7 have shown significant activity in the treatment of @entity0 with metastatic @entity3 . However, information on how to guide the use of these new drugs in elderly @entity0 is still lacking. Limited data from clinical trials indicate treatment efficacy in selected elderly @entity0 comparable to that observed in younger @entity0 , with overall manageable @entity4 . Clearly, further clinical trials in elderly @entity0 with @entity3 are necessary as well as the incorporation of aspects of geriatric medicine into the teaching programme of medical oncologists.

title: XXXX in the elderly: is palliative chemotherapy of value?

answer: @entity3


abstract: The prevalence of nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia--that is, blood @entity2 concentrations below 3 mmol/l (55 mg/100 ml)--was evaluated in a random sample of 58 insulin dependent @entity1 receiving twice daily insulin. Seventeen @entity0 had at least one blood @entity2 value below 3 mmol/l (55 mg/100 ml) and five a value below 2 mmol/l (36 mg/100 ml) during the night. Both bedtime (2300) and fasting morning (0700) blood @entity2 concentrations were significantly lower in the group with @entity3 compared with the group without (p less than 0.00001). If the bedtime blood @entity2 concentration was below 6 mmol/l (108 mg/100 ml) the risk of @entity3 was 80% (95% confidence limits 51-96%). If the bedtime blood @entity2 concentration was above 6 mmol/l the likelihood of hypoglycaemia not occurring during the night was 88% (74-96%). The mean glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentration in the group with nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia (8.2 (range 5.0-12.4)%) was significantly lower than that in the group without (9.4(7.0-14.2)%) (p less than 0.02). The prevalence of @entity3 in the @entity0 receiving twice daily insulin (29%) was compared with that in 15 @entity0 receiving thrice daily insulin (47%) and was not found to be significantly different. The likelihood of this risk being greater with thrice daily insulin was, however, 88%. No @entity0 with nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia woke up during the night with symptomatic hypoglycaemia. Nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia is common during twice daily treatment with insulin, and low values of HbA1c might be associated with a higher risk of such hypoglycaemia. The blood @entity2 concentration at bedtime is a significant predictor of nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia, and HbA1c values might be of help in identifying @entity0 at risk.

title: XXXX in @entity0 receiving conventional treatment with insulin.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The prevalence of nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia--that is, blood @entity2 concentrations below 3 mmol/l (55 mg/100 ml)--was evaluated in a random sample of 58 insulin dependent @entity1 receiving twice daily insulin. Seventeen @entity0 had at least one blood @entity2 value below 3 mmol/l (55 mg/100 ml) and five a value below 2 mmol/l (36 mg/100 ml) during the night. Both bedtime (2300) and fasting morning (0700) blood @entity2 concentrations were significantly lower in the group with @entity3 compared with the group without (p less than 0.00001). If the bedtime blood @entity2 concentration was below 6 mmol/l (108 mg/100 ml) the risk of @entity3 was 80% (95% confidence limits 51-96%). If the bedtime blood @entity2 concentration was above 6 mmol/l the likelihood of hypoglycaemia not occurring during the night was 88% (74-96%). The mean glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentration in the group with nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia (8.2 (range 5.0-12.4)%) was significantly lower than that in the group without (9.4(7.0-14.2)%) (p less than 0.02). The prevalence of @entity3 in the @entity0 receiving twice daily insulin (29%) was compared with that in 15 @entity0 receiving thrice daily insulin (47%) and was not found to be significantly different. The likelihood of this risk being greater with thrice daily insulin was, however, 88%. No @entity0 with nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia woke up during the night with symptomatic hypoglycaemia. Nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia is common during twice daily treatment with insulin, and low values of HbA1c might be associated with a higher risk of such hypoglycaemia. The blood @entity2 concentration at bedtime is a significant predictor of nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia, and HbA1c values might be of help in identifying @entity0 at risk.

title: @entity3 in XXXX receiving conventional treatment with insulin.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that affects ~300 million @entity0 worldwide. It is characterized by airway constriction that leads to wheezing, coughing, and @entity8 . The most common treatments are @entity5 and b2-adrenergic receptor antagonists, which target @entity1 and airway smooth muscle constriction, respectively. The incidence and severity of @entity6 is greater in @entity0 than in @entity0 , and @entity0 are more prone to develop @entity4 -resistant or "hard-to-treat" @entity6 . Puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, menopause, and @entity12 are known to contribute to disease outcome in @entity0 , suggesting a role for @entity3 and other hormones impacting @entity1 . Currently, the mechanisms underlying these sex differences are poorly understood, although the effect of sex hormones, such as @entity3 , on @entity1 is gaining interest. Asthma presents as a heterogeneous disease. In typical Th2-type @entity2 , interleukin (IL)-4 and @entity11 predominate, driving IgE production and recruitment of eosinophils into the lungs. Chronic Th2- @entity1 in the lung results in structural changes and activation of multiple immune cell types, leading to a deterioration of lung function over time. Most immune cells express @entity3 receptors ( @entity9 , @entity10 , or the membrane-bound G-protein-coupled ER) to varying degrees and can respond to the hormone. Together these receptors have demonstrated the capacity to regulate a spectrum of immune functions, including adhesion, migration, survival, wound healing, and antibody and cytokine production. This review will cover the current understanding of @entity3 signaling in @entity1 and discuss how this signaling may contribute to sex differences in @entity6 and @entity7 .

title: XXXX Signaling Modulates @entity1 and Contributes to Sex Differences in Asthma.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that affects ~300 million @entity0 worldwide. It is characterized by airway constriction that leads to wheezing, coughing, and @entity8 . The most common treatments are @entity5 and b2-adrenergic receptor antagonists, which target @entity1 and airway smooth muscle constriction, respectively. The incidence and severity of @entity6 is greater in @entity0 than in @entity0 , and @entity0 are more prone to develop @entity4 -resistant or "hard-to-treat" @entity6 . Puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, menopause, and @entity12 are known to contribute to disease outcome in @entity0 , suggesting a role for @entity3 and other hormones impacting @entity1 . Currently, the mechanisms underlying these sex differences are poorly understood, although the effect of sex hormones, such as @entity3 , on @entity1 is gaining interest. Asthma presents as a heterogeneous disease. In typical Th2-type @entity2 , interleukin (IL)-4 and @entity11 predominate, driving IgE production and recruitment of eosinophils into the lungs. Chronic Th2- @entity1 in the lung results in structural changes and activation of multiple immune cell types, leading to a deterioration of lung function over time. Most immune cells express @entity3 receptors ( @entity9 , @entity10 , or the membrane-bound G-protein-coupled ER) to varying degrees and can respond to the hormone. Together these receptors have demonstrated the capacity to regulate a spectrum of immune functions, including adhesion, migration, survival, wound healing, and antibody and cytokine production. This review will cover the current understanding of @entity3 signaling in @entity1 and discuss how this signaling may contribute to sex differences in @entity6 and @entity7 .

title: @entity3 Signaling Modulates XXXX and Contributes to Sex Differences in Asthma.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genome wide association studies (GWAS) for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) undertaken in European and Asian ancestry populations have yielded dozens of robustly associated loci. However, the genomics of @entity1 remains largely understudied in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where rates of @entity1 are increasing dramatically and where the environmental background is quite different than in these previous studies. Here, we evaluate 106 reported @entity1 GWAS loci in continental Africans. We tested each of these SNPs, and SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with these index SNPs, for an association with @entity1 in order to assess transferability and to fine map the loci leveraging the generally reduced LD of African genomes. The study included 1775 unrelated Africans (1035 @entity1 cases, 740 controls; mean age 54 years; 59% female) enrolled in Nigeria, Ghana, and Kenya as part of the Africa America @entity0 (AADM) study. All samples were genotyped on the Affymetrix Axiom PanAFR SNP array. Forty-one of the tested loci showed transferability to this African sample (p < 0.05, same direction of effect), 11 at the exact reported SNP and 30 others at SNPs in LD with the reported SNP (after adjustment for the number of tested SNPs). @entity2 SNP @entity3 was the most significant locus in this study (p = 1.61 * 10(-8)). Most of the loci that showed transferability were successfully fine-mapped, i.e., localized to smaller haplotypes than in the original reports. The findings indicate that the genetic architecture of @entity1 in SSA is characterized by several risk loci shared with non-African ancestral populations and that data from African populations may facilitate fine mapping of risk loci. The study provides an important resource for meta-analysis of African ancestry populations and transferability of novel loci.

title: Evaluation of Genome Wide Association Study Associated Type 2 XXXX Susceptibility Loci in Sub Saharan Africans.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although it is known that a change in any level of the spine alters biomechanics, there are not many studies to evaluate the spine as a whole in both sagittal and frontal planes. This prospective cohort study evaluates the morphology and mobility of the entire spine in @entity0 with @entity3 . The Treatment Group consisted of 43 @entity0 who underwent percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty or percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty plus fixation. The Control Group consisted of 39 healthy subjects. Spinal @entity1 was used for the assessment of the curvatures and the mobility of the spine. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale and @entity4 Index. The measurements were recorded at 15 days and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Regarding the curvatures and mobility in sagittal plane, a statistically significant increase appeared early at 3 months, for lumbar curve, spinopelvic angulation, and overall trunk inclination. In the frontal plane, most of the improvements were recorded after 6 months. @entity0 with @entity5 showed statistically significant lower mean value than @entity0 with @entity3 . @entity2 and disability index showed early improvements. This study provides a comprehensive and complete picture of the functionality of the spine in @entity0 treated with percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty.

title: Sagittal and Frontal Plane Evaluation of the Whole Spine and Clinical Outcomes after XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Pulmonary responses to intravenous @entity10 C4, D4 and E4 administered as a bolus injection and by continuous infusion were studied in anesthetized @entity2 . LTD4, LTC4 and LTE4 (respective ED50 of 0.21 +/- .1, 0.64 +/- .2 and 2.0 +/- .1 microgram kg-1) produced dose-dependent increases in insufflation pressure when given as a bolus injection to anesthetized @entity2 (Konzett-R  ssler). Bronchoconstriction was antagonized by @entity5 (50-200 micrograms kg-1), and @entity6 (50-200 micrograms kg-1) but was not significantly altered by @entity12 (1.0 mg kg-1), @entity8 (0.1 mg kg-1), intal (10 mg kg-1) @entity7 (5 mg kg-1) or @entity1 (10 mg kg-1). The beta adrenoceptor blocker, @entity11 (5 micrograms kg-1) produced a significantly greater potentiation of the responses to the @entity10 than to @entity4 , @entity0 and @entity3 . Responses to bolus injection of LTE4 but not LTD4 or LTC4 were partially antagonized by @entity9 (100 micrograms kg-1) and bilateral vagotomy. In experiments of a different design, continuous infusion of LTD4 and LTE4 (2.8-3.2 micrograms kg-1 min-1) into @entity6 -treated animals produced slowly developing increases in pulmonary resistance and decreases in compliance. The increase in resistance produced by LTE4 and LTD4 was partly reversed by intravenous @entity5 (1.0 mg kg-1) and @entity9 (100 micrograms kg-1) but was almost completely reversed by @entity5 (3 - 10 mg kg-1). These findings indicate that @entity10 can produce bronchoconstriction in @entity2 through cyclooxygenase-dependent and cyclooxygenase independent mechanisms both of which are blocked by @entity5 . Cholinergic mechanisms are involved in the mediation of part of the response to bolus injection of LTE4 as well as a small part of the initial response to continuous infusion of LTD4 and LTE4. Intrinsic beta adrenoceptor activation serves to down modulate responses to the @entity10 to a greater extent than responses to @entity4 , @entity0 and @entity3 .

title: Comparative study of the pulmonary effects of intravenous XXXX and other bronchoconstrictors in anaesthetized @entity2 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: Pulmonary responses to intravenous @entity10 C4, D4 and E4 administered as a bolus injection and by continuous infusion were studied in anesthetized @entity2 . LTD4, LTC4 and LTE4 (respective ED50 of 0.21 +/- .1, 0.64 +/- .2 and 2.0 +/- .1 microgram kg-1) produced dose-dependent increases in insufflation pressure when given as a bolus injection to anesthetized @entity2 (Konzett-R  ssler). Bronchoconstriction was antagonized by @entity5 (50-200 micrograms kg-1), and @entity6 (50-200 micrograms kg-1) but was not significantly altered by @entity12 (1.0 mg kg-1), @entity8 (0.1 mg kg-1), intal (10 mg kg-1) @entity7 (5 mg kg-1) or @entity1 (10 mg kg-1). The beta adrenoceptor blocker, @entity11 (5 micrograms kg-1) produced a significantly greater potentiation of the responses to the @entity10 than to @entity4 , @entity0 and @entity3 . Responses to bolus injection of LTE4 but not LTD4 or LTC4 were partially antagonized by @entity9 (100 micrograms kg-1) and bilateral vagotomy. In experiments of a different design, continuous infusion of LTD4 and LTE4 (2.8-3.2 micrograms kg-1 min-1) into @entity6 -treated animals produced slowly developing increases in pulmonary resistance and decreases in compliance. The increase in resistance produced by LTE4 and LTD4 was partly reversed by intravenous @entity5 (1.0 mg kg-1) and @entity9 (100 micrograms kg-1) but was almost completely reversed by @entity5 (3 - 10 mg kg-1). These findings indicate that @entity10 can produce bronchoconstriction in @entity2 through cyclooxygenase-dependent and cyclooxygenase independent mechanisms both of which are blocked by @entity5 . Cholinergic mechanisms are involved in the mediation of part of the response to bolus injection of LTE4 as well as a small part of the initial response to continuous infusion of LTD4 and LTE4. Intrinsic beta adrenoceptor activation serves to down modulate responses to the @entity10 to a greater extent than responses to @entity4 , @entity0 and @entity3 .

title: Comparative study of the pulmonary effects of intravenous @entity10 and other bronchoconstrictors in anaesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Insulin antibodies and T-cell lymphocyte cytotoxic reactivity against insulin and its related peptides were studied longitudinally in 3 groups of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Group 1 @entity0 were those in whom the diagnosis was made within 1 week of the initiation diagnosis. They were subdivided into those receiving MC porcine (A) or MC @entity2 (B) insulin. Group 2 @entity0 were those with a duration of @entity1 for 2-6 years who were receiving either MC porcine (A) or MC @entity2 (B) insulins. Group 3 subjects were those who had been on conventional recrystallized insulin and then switched to MC porcine (A) or MC @entity2 (B) insulins for 2 weeks before the start of the study. The incidence of cytotoxic reactions and insulin antibodies were approximately 40-50% for group 1 (either 1A or 1B) at the initiation of the study. At 3-month follow up all @entity0 in group 1B developed insulin antibodies (p less than 0.02) and a significant increase in the frequency of cytotoxic reactions (p less than 0.01). By contrast there was a decline in the frequency of cytotoxic reactions in group 1A (p less than 0.01 at 1 year) and the increase in insulin antibodies was non-significant. Group 2B had higher frequency in cytotoxic reactions (p less than 0.005) and of insulin antibodies (p less than 0.05) than group 2A. A significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in cytotoxic reactions was observed at 3 months following the switch of @entity0 from conventional @entity2 insulin preparations to 'A' but not to 'B'. However in both subgroups insulin antibodies persisted for at least 12 months. Cross-reactivity between antibodies to @entity0 , porcine and @entity2 insulins was evident in all groups. The early cellular and humoral immune phenomena were positively correlated in both group 1A and 1B suggesting their common involvement in the pathogenesis of @entity1 .

title: A longitudinal study of insulin antibodies and anti-insulin cytotoxicity in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: 5.12 @entity8 are of the similar magnitude, but the climate and geographic environment are totally different. Our team carried out medical rescue in both disasters, so we would like to compare the different traumatic conditions of the wounded in two earthquakes. METHODS: The clinical data of the wounded respectively in 5.12 @entity8 rescued by Chengdu Military General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Then a contrast study between the wounded was conducted in terms of age, sex, @entity1 , traumatic condi- tions, complications and prognosis. RESULTS: Three days after 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake, 465 cases of the wounded were hospitalized in Chengdu Military General Hospital, including 245 males (52.7%) and 220 females (47.3%) with the average age of (47.6  22.7) years. Our team carried out humanitarian relief in Katmandu after 4.25 Nepal earthquake. Three days after this disaster, 71 cases were treated in our field hospital, including 37 males (52.1%) and 34 females (47.9%) with the mean age of (44.8  22.9) years. There was no obvious difference in sex and mean age between two groups, but the age distribution was a little different: there were more wounded @entity0 at the age over 60 years in 4.25 Nepal earthquake (p<0.01) while more wounded @entity0 at the age between 21 and 60 years in 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake (p<0.05). The main cause of @entity1 was bruise by heavy drops but 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake had a higher rate of @entity1 and @entity1 (p<0.05) while 4.25 Nepal earthquake had a higher rate of @entity1 (p<0.01). @entity2 was the most common @entity1 . However, compared with 5.12 @entity8 has a much higher incidence of limb @entity2 (p<0.01), @entity4 (p<0.01) and @entity7 (p<0.05), but a lower incidence of @entity5 (p<0.05) and @entity6 (p<0.05). The other complications and @entity3 rate showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: Major earthquakes of the similar magnitude can cause different @entity1 , trau- matic conditions and complications in the wounded under different climate and geographic environ- ment.When an earthquake occurs in a poor traffic area of high altitude and large temperature difference, early medical rescue, injury control and wounded evacuation as well as sufficient warmth retention and food supply are of vital significance.

title: A contrast study of the traumatic condition between the wounded in 5.12 XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Atrial remodelling in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) may lead to higher incidence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of various methods for treatment of @entity4 in this group. METHODS: This was a single centre study. Forty-eight @entity0 (33 @entity0 and 15 @entity0 ) aged 19-77 years (median 49 years) were enrolled. There were 30 @entity0 with idiopathic @entity1 , 10 had @entity1 associated with connective tissue disease, and eight with @entity2 . A retrospective analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence and type of @entity4 , as well as efficiency and safety of treatment methods. Mean follow-up period was 28.8  17.7 months. RESULTS: @entity4 occurred in 17 @entity0 (35%) and appeared to be @entity5 , @entity6 or @entity3 . @entity4 coexisted with elevated mean right atrial pressure in 75%. Four @entity0 had more than one type of @entity4 . A @entity6 -like macro-reentrant form of @entity3 dependent on cavo-tricuspid isthmus was found in four cases. The treatment of @entity4 included typical methods: antiarrhythmic drugs, direct current cardioversion (DCC), and radiofrequency (RF) ablation. All of the therapeutic methods were effective in managing acute @entity4 . Three @entity0 required re-ablation. Overall mortality: 14 @entity0 (29%) in the whole study group, including six in @entity4 group (35%) and eight without @entity4 (26%). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 DCC, pharmacological cardioversion and RF ablation can be applied safely and effectively. Flutter-like macro-reentrant @entity3 dependent on cavo-tricuspid isthmus is observed in this group. It is more challenging, but possible, to successfully treat this @entity4 with RF ablation.

title: The Management of Supraventricular @entity3 in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Atrial remodelling in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) may lead to higher incidence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of various methods for treatment of @entity4 in this group. METHODS: This was a single centre study. Forty-eight @entity0 (33 @entity0 and 15 @entity0 ) aged 19-77 years (median 49 years) were enrolled. There were 30 @entity0 with idiopathic @entity1 , 10 had @entity1 associated with connective tissue disease, and eight with @entity2 . A retrospective analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence and type of @entity4 , as well as efficiency and safety of treatment methods. Mean follow-up period was 28.8  17.7 months. RESULTS: @entity4 occurred in 17 @entity0 (35%) and appeared to be @entity5 , @entity6 or @entity3 . @entity4 coexisted with elevated mean right atrial pressure in 75%. Four @entity0 had more than one type of @entity4 . A @entity6 -like macro-reentrant form of @entity3 dependent on cavo-tricuspid isthmus was found in four cases. The treatment of @entity4 included typical methods: antiarrhythmic drugs, direct current cardioversion (DCC), and radiofrequency (RF) ablation. All of the therapeutic methods were effective in managing acute @entity4 . Three @entity0 required re-ablation. Overall mortality: 14 @entity0 (29%) in the whole study group, including six in @entity4 group (35%) and eight without @entity4 (26%). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 DCC, pharmacological cardioversion and RF ablation can be applied safely and effectively. Flutter-like macro-reentrant @entity3 dependent on cavo-tricuspid isthmus is observed in this group. It is more challenging, but possible, to successfully treat this @entity4 with RF ablation.

title: The Management of Supraventricular XXXX in @entity0 with @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Atrial remodelling in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) may lead to higher incidence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of various methods for treatment of @entity4 in this group. METHODS: This was a single centre study. Forty-eight @entity0 (33 @entity0 and 15 @entity0 ) aged 19-77 years (median 49 years) were enrolled. There were 30 @entity0 with idiopathic @entity1 , 10 had @entity1 associated with connective tissue disease, and eight with @entity2 . A retrospective analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence and type of @entity4 , as well as efficiency and safety of treatment methods. Mean follow-up period was 28.8  17.7 months. RESULTS: @entity4 occurred in 17 @entity0 (35%) and appeared to be @entity5 , @entity6 or @entity3 . @entity4 coexisted with elevated mean right atrial pressure in 75%. Four @entity0 had more than one type of @entity4 . A @entity6 -like macro-reentrant form of @entity3 dependent on cavo-tricuspid isthmus was found in four cases. The treatment of @entity4 included typical methods: antiarrhythmic drugs, direct current cardioversion (DCC), and radiofrequency (RF) ablation. All of the therapeutic methods were effective in managing acute @entity4 . Three @entity0 required re-ablation. Overall mortality: 14 @entity0 (29%) in the whole study group, including six in @entity4 group (35%) and eight without @entity4 (26%). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 DCC, pharmacological cardioversion and RF ablation can be applied safely and effectively. Flutter-like macro-reentrant @entity3 dependent on cavo-tricuspid isthmus is observed in this group. It is more challenging, but possible, to successfully treat this @entity4 with RF ablation.

title: The Management of Supraventricular @entity3 in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Peripheral blood low-density cells were sorted, with respect to their ability to accumulate the lysosomotropic agent mepacrine (Mep), into lysosome-rich (Mep+) and lysosome-poor (Mep-) cell populations. Cells of large granular lymphocyte (LGL) morphology and phenotype were found in the Mep+ but not in the Mep- cell population. The latter cells lacked any natural killer (NK) activity. Cultures of the Mep- cells resulted in the appearance of cells showing K-562 lytic activity, LGL morphology and @entity2 and/or @entity3 positivity. This process was facilitated by the supplementation of the culture with recombinant @entity0 @entity1 ( @entity4 ). Mep+ cells retested after 7 days of culture showed a decline in the fraction of granular (LGL and Mep+) cells. This decrease was less pronounced but also seen in @entity4 -supplemented cultures. In spite of the lower number of typical LGL, Mep+ cells cultured with @entity4 were mostly large but scarcely granular; @entity4 -activated K-562 killing ( @entity4 AK) of originally Mep+ cells was much higher than K-562 lytic activity of these cells at the beginning of the culture, and as compared to @entity4 AK of Mep- cells. From this finding it is apparent that the most active @entity4 AK cells originate from low-density granular (Mep+) cells (LGL) and, therefore, we propose to call them 'giant' NK cells. Furthermore, in the presence of @entity4 , LGL differentiate from agranular (Mep-) low-density cells. In view of these data, LGL appear to be resting cells on the differentiation pathway of NK cells.

title: Large granular lymphocytes are central cells in the XXXX -dependent differentiation pathway of natural killer cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is an uncommon @entity1 . Surgical treatment is inevitably mutilating. Considering the strong impact on @entity0 ' sexual life we want to evaluate sexual function and satisfaction after partial penectomy. The @entity0 in this study (n = 25) represented all those who attended our institutions and were diagnosed and treated for @entity1 from October 2011 to November 2013. All @entity0 underwent partial penectomy and followed-up (mean: 14 months; range: 12-25). Sexual presurgical baseline was estimated using the International Index of @entity2 15 (IIEF-15). Sexual outcomes of each @entity0 were estimated considering four standardized and validated questionnaires. We analyzed the means and ranges of IIEF-15 including erectile function (IIEF-1-5 and -15), orgasmic function (IIEF-9 and -10), sexual desire (IIEF-11 and -12), intercourse satisfaction (IIEF-6-8), and overall satisfaction (IIEF-13 and -14). Then, we also used Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ), @entity2 Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) and Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR) to evaluate the sexual function and satisfaction of our @entity0 . The final results showed that @entity1 leads to several sexual and @entity3 . Nevertheless, @entity0 who undergo partial penectomy for @entity1 can maintain the sexual outcomes at levels slightly lower to those that existed in the period before surgery.

title: Sexual outcomes after partial penectomy for XXXX : results from a multi-institutional study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 markers were determined by radioimmunoassay in 383 adults from different areas of Somalia and in 135 pregnant females and 428 @entity0 from Mogadishu. The highest incidence of HBsAg among adults was among nomadic males (20/85; 23%). The frequencies were lower in males from the agricultural and coastal area, i.e. 16/93 (17%) and 14/98 (14%) respectively. The lowest frequency of HBsAg was among @entity0 from the coastal area (6/72; 8%). Among the pregnant @entity0 14 were positive for HBsAg, none of whom had HBeAg. Low levels of positivity for HBsAg were found both among @entity0 under 4 years and among those between 4 and 13 years of age - 3/94 (3%) and 5/128 (4%) respectively. In the age group 15-19 years, 50% showed seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe. 7 out of 41 HBsAg carriers of ages over 20 had HBeAg. Early seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe and a low level of HBsAg positivity in @entity0 indicate that vertical transmission is not important in Somalia. The low frequency of HBsAg in Mogadishu @entity0 may have one of the following explanations: (i) the @entity1 occurs during adolescence, (ii) Mogadishu is a low-prevalence area and the examined adults were not born in Mogadishu, or (iii) a change in @entity2 has taken place in the area during the last 2 decades and the relatively higher prevalence of HBsAg in adults might reflect higher rates of @entity1 in their childhood.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in Somalia: inference from a cross-sectional survey of serological markers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose. @entity3 leakage accounts for up to 1/3 of all fatalities after @entity1 surgery. Evidence suggests that @entity3 has a negative prognostic impact on @entity1 recurrence and long-term @entity1 specific survival. The reported leakage rate in 2011 in Denmark varied from 7 to 45 percent. The objective was to clarify if the reporting of @entity3 to the Danish @entity2 Group was rigorous and unequivocal. Methods. An Internet-based questionnaire was e-mailed to all Danish surgical departments, who reported to Danish @entity2 Group (DCCG) in 2011. There were 23 questions. Four core questions were whether pelvic collection, fecal appearance in a pelvic drain, @entity4 , and "watchfull" waiting @entity0 were reported as @entity3 . Results. Fourteen out of 17 departments, who in 2011 according to DDCG performed @entity1 surgery, answered the questionnaire. This gave a response rate of 82%. In three of four core questions there was disagreement in what should be reported as @entity3 . Conclusion. The reporting of @entity3 to the Danish @entity2 Group was not rigorous and unequivocal. The reported @entity3 rate in Danish @entity2 Group should be interpreted with caution.

title: Leakage after Surgery for Rectum @entity1 : Inconsistency in Reporting to the Danish XXXX Group.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose. @entity3 leakage accounts for up to 1/3 of all fatalities after @entity1 surgery. Evidence suggests that @entity3 has a negative prognostic impact on @entity1 recurrence and long-term @entity1 specific survival. The reported leakage rate in 2011 in Denmark varied from 7 to 45 percent. The objective was to clarify if the reporting of @entity3 to the Danish @entity2 Group was rigorous and unequivocal. Methods. An Internet-based questionnaire was e-mailed to all Danish surgical departments, who reported to Danish @entity2 Group (DCCG) in 2011. There were 23 questions. Four core questions were whether pelvic collection, fecal appearance in a pelvic drain, @entity4 , and "watchfull" waiting @entity0 were reported as @entity3 . Results. Fourteen out of 17 departments, who in 2011 according to DDCG performed @entity1 surgery, answered the questionnaire. This gave a response rate of 82%. In three of four core questions there was disagreement in what should be reported as @entity3 . Conclusion. The reporting of @entity3 to the Danish @entity2 Group was not rigorous and unequivocal. The reported @entity3 rate in Danish @entity2 Group should be interpreted with caution.

title: Leakage after Surgery for Rectum XXXX : Inconsistency in Reporting to the Danish @entity2 Group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The axonal microtubule stabilizing protein tau is hyperphosphorylated in several neurodegenerative conditions, including @entity1 , yet the genes that regulate tau phosphorylation are largely unknown. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a cytoplasmic adapter protein that interacts with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) receptors and controls neuronal positioning during embryonic brain development. We have investigated the role of @entity6 in tau phosphorylation. We found that wild-type @entity6 , but not a mutant lacking @entity3 phosphorylation sites, protects @entity0 from the hyperphosphorylation of tau. However, the absence of @entity6 is not sufficient to cause @entity4 , because hyperphosphorylation is manifested only when @entity6 is mutated in specific @entity0 backgrounds. Tau hyperphosphorylation correlates with @entity2 in susceptible @entity0 strains, and it occurs in the neurons of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. By quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of @entity6 -deficient @entity0 on a hybrid strain background, we uncovered one significant and three suggestive chromosomal loci that modulate tau phosphorylation. Two of these QTL regions contain genes that are defective in early onset @entity1 . Our findings suggest that @entity6 gene disruption sensitizes @entity0 to @entity4 contingent on specific haplotypes that are linked to @entity1 loci. @entity6 mutant @entity0 provide an animal model for studying the relationships between @entity5 receptors, @entity4 , and @entity1 .

title: Genetic modulation of tau phosphorylation in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In this study we investigated whether @entity3 ( @entity3 ) can produce relaxation of gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle as it has been reported to do for vascular and uterine smooth muscle. Muscle tissue preparations from @entity0 stomach, duodenum, ileum, or colon were mounted in a 37 degrees C tissue bath and perfused with oxygenated medium. Changes in isometric @entity2 were recorded with a force-displacement transducer connected to a polygraph. Decreases in either resting @entity2 or agonist-induced @entity2 (0.5-1.0 microM @entity1 or @entity4 ) were observed within 1-2 min of @entity3 addition and were reversible upon removal of the peptide. All GI regions tested were responsive to @entity3 . Synthetic rPTH-(1-34) (0.1-100 nM) produced a dose-dependent relaxation of both fundic (ED50 = 5.2 nM) and colonic (ED50 = 2.5 nM) muscle strips. At 100 nM, a 90% decrease in fundic @entity2 and a 70% decrease in colonic @entity2 were seen. At 100 nM, bPTH-(1-34), but not bPTH-(7-34) or @entity0 calcitonin gene-related peptide, also was effective in relaxing fundic or colonic muscle. Similarly, in the fundic muscle, 500 nM bPTH-(3-34) alone was ineffective, but it inhibited the effect of 5 nM rPTH-(1-34) when both peptides were tested in combination. Likewise, 100 nM bPTH-(3-34) also inhibited the relaxation induced by 5, 10, or 100 nM bPTH-(1-34). The results show @entity3 to be highly effective in nanomolar concentrations in causing relaxation of GI smooth muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relaxation of @entity0 gastrointestinal smooth muscle by XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In this study we investigated whether @entity3 ( @entity3 ) can produce relaxation of gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle as it has been reported to do for vascular and uterine smooth muscle. Muscle tissue preparations from @entity0 stomach, duodenum, ileum, or colon were mounted in a 37 degrees C tissue bath and perfused with oxygenated medium. Changes in isometric @entity2 were recorded with a force-displacement transducer connected to a polygraph. Decreases in either resting @entity2 or agonist-induced @entity2 (0.5-1.0 microM @entity1 or @entity4 ) were observed within 1-2 min of @entity3 addition and were reversible upon removal of the peptide. All GI regions tested were responsive to @entity3 . Synthetic rPTH-(1-34) (0.1-100 nM) produced a dose-dependent relaxation of both fundic (ED50 = 5.2 nM) and colonic (ED50 = 2.5 nM) muscle strips. At 100 nM, a 90% decrease in fundic @entity2 and a 70% decrease in colonic @entity2 were seen. At 100 nM, bPTH-(1-34), but not bPTH-(7-34) or @entity0 calcitonin gene-related peptide, also was effective in relaxing fundic or colonic muscle. Similarly, in the fundic muscle, 500 nM bPTH-(3-34) alone was ineffective, but it inhibited the effect of 5 nM rPTH-(1-34) when both peptides were tested in combination. Likewise, 100 nM bPTH-(3-34) also inhibited the relaxation induced by 5, 10, or 100 nM bPTH-(1-34). The results show @entity3 to be highly effective in nanomolar concentrations in causing relaxation of GI smooth muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relaxation of XXXX gastrointestinal smooth muscle by @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze quality of life, functional outcome, and hidden costs by primary treatment with surgery or radiation therapy in @entity0 with early glottic @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study in a tertiary care facility. METHODS: A group of 101 @entity0 with @entity3 in situ and T1 @entity4 treated primarily with either surgery or radiation, between January 1990 and December 2000, were identified from searching our @entity1 registry. @entity0 completed two previously validated questionnaires and one local questionnaire. Statistical significance was assessed with the rank sum test, chi2 test, or Fisher's Exact test. RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed in 59% (44 of 74) of the surgical cohort and 41% (11 of 27) of the radiation therapy cohort. The primary surgical treatments were endoscopic excision (86%), hemilaryngectomy (12%), and total laryngectomy (1%). @entity0 -reported problems with swallowing, chewing, speech, taste, saliva, @entity2 , activity, recreation, and appearance showed no difference between the endoscopic excision or radiation therapy cohorts. Comparing endoscopic excision versus radiation therapy, respectively, median number of treatments (2 vs. 35), total median travel distance (150 vs. 660 miles), total median travel time (180 vs. 1440 min), and total median number of hours of work missed (76 vs. 24) all differed significantly (P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: Almost all @entity0 with early glottic @entity1 , whether treated with surgery or radiation therapy, reported excellent quality of life outcomes and functional results. In addition to actual costs, the hidden costs for radiation therapy versus endoscopic excision were all greater in terms of total number of hours of work missed, total travel time, and total travel distance.

title: Quality of life, functional outcome, and costs of early glottic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Nasal @entity4 are benign mucosal protrusions into the nasal cavity of multifactorial origin and are characterized by chronic @entity0 . The suggested multifactorial pathological mechanisms comprise several factors including cytokines and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). The study was designed to examine the suggested roles of @entity7 , @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the pathogenesis of @entity5 . METHODS: Nasal @entity4 (n = 34) and healthy nasal mucosa samples (n = 9) were taken during routine endonasal surgeries. @entity7 (n = 13), @entity2 (n = 22), and @entity6 (n = 27) concentrations were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique in homogenized polyp tissue and in control mucosa. Atopic and nonatopic groups were selected and compared. Histomorphological examination and immunohistochemical analysis to detect @entity2 and @entity6 were performed in five specimens. RESULTS: The level of tissue-bound @entity7 was significantly higher in @entity4 compared with control specimens and in @entity3 compared with nonatopic @entity4 , but between nonatopic @entity4 and control specimens the difference was not significant. However, significant correlation was found between tissue and serum @entity7 in the complete polyp (P =.001) and @entity4 group (P =.05). Tissue @entity2 concentration was significantly higher in @entity4 compared with control specimens, in which it was below the limit (15 pg/mL), and there was no difference between @entity3 and nonatopic @entity4 . In @entity4 there was significant correlation between tissue @entity7 and @entity2 . @entity6 concentration proved to be significantly higher in control mucosa than in @entity4 , with no difference between @entity3 and nonatopic @entity4 . Immunohistochemical analysis revealed numerous @entity2 -positive eosinophil cells and @entity6 positivity in the lamina propria of polyp samples, but none in control specimens. CONCLUSIONS: High tissue @entity6 quantity in healthy nasal mucosa without its active form on the cell surface and its low quantity in @entity4 may reflect its essential role in the inhibitory mechanisms of @entity5 . @entity2 plays a key role in the eosinophil recruitment and activation, and both @entity3 and nonatopic pathways might activate this process. The main sources of @entity2 and @entity6 are the eosinophils and macrophages. Immediate @entity1 , besides other mechanisms, might be related to @entity4 , but the involvement of other, local allergic mechanisms in @entity7 production of nonatopic polyp tissue cannot be excluded.

title: The pathogenesis of XXXX by @entity7 and @entity2 is completed by @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Nasal @entity4 are benign mucosal protrusions into the nasal cavity of multifactorial origin and are characterized by chronic @entity0 . The suggested multifactorial pathological mechanisms comprise several factors including cytokines and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). The study was designed to examine the suggested roles of @entity7 , @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the pathogenesis of @entity5 . METHODS: Nasal @entity4 (n = 34) and healthy nasal mucosa samples (n = 9) were taken during routine endonasal surgeries. @entity7 (n = 13), @entity2 (n = 22), and @entity6 (n = 27) concentrations were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique in homogenized polyp tissue and in control mucosa. Atopic and nonatopic groups were selected and compared. Histomorphological examination and immunohistochemical analysis to detect @entity2 and @entity6 were performed in five specimens. RESULTS: The level of tissue-bound @entity7 was significantly higher in @entity4 compared with control specimens and in @entity3 compared with nonatopic @entity4 , but between nonatopic @entity4 and control specimens the difference was not significant. However, significant correlation was found between tissue and serum @entity7 in the complete polyp (P =.001) and @entity4 group (P =.05). Tissue @entity2 concentration was significantly higher in @entity4 compared with control specimens, in which it was below the limit (15 pg/mL), and there was no difference between @entity3 and nonatopic @entity4 . In @entity4 there was significant correlation between tissue @entity7 and @entity2 . @entity6 concentration proved to be significantly higher in control mucosa than in @entity4 , with no difference between @entity3 and nonatopic @entity4 . Immunohistochemical analysis revealed numerous @entity2 -positive eosinophil cells and @entity6 positivity in the lamina propria of polyp samples, but none in control specimens. CONCLUSIONS: High tissue @entity6 quantity in healthy nasal mucosa without its active form on the cell surface and its low quantity in @entity4 may reflect its essential role in the inhibitory mechanisms of @entity5 . @entity2 plays a key role in the eosinophil recruitment and activation, and both @entity3 and nonatopic pathways might activate this process. The main sources of @entity2 and @entity6 are the eosinophils and macrophages. Immediate @entity1 , besides other mechanisms, might be related to @entity4 , but the involvement of other, local allergic mechanisms in @entity7 production of nonatopic polyp tissue cannot be excluded.

title: The pathogenesis of @entity5 by @entity7 and XXXX is completed by @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Nasal @entity4 are benign mucosal protrusions into the nasal cavity of multifactorial origin and are characterized by chronic @entity0 . The suggested multifactorial pathological mechanisms comprise several factors including cytokines and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). The study was designed to examine the suggested roles of @entity7 , @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the pathogenesis of @entity5 . METHODS: Nasal @entity4 (n = 34) and healthy nasal mucosa samples (n = 9) were taken during routine endonasal surgeries. @entity7 (n = 13), @entity2 (n = 22), and @entity6 (n = 27) concentrations were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique in homogenized polyp tissue and in control mucosa. Atopic and nonatopic groups were selected and compared. Histomorphological examination and immunohistochemical analysis to detect @entity2 and @entity6 were performed in five specimens. RESULTS: The level of tissue-bound @entity7 was significantly higher in @entity4 compared with control specimens and in @entity3 compared with nonatopic @entity4 , but between nonatopic @entity4 and control specimens the difference was not significant. However, significant correlation was found between tissue and serum @entity7 in the complete polyp (P =.001) and @entity4 group (P =.05). Tissue @entity2 concentration was significantly higher in @entity4 compared with control specimens, in which it was below the limit (15 pg/mL), and there was no difference between @entity3 and nonatopic @entity4 . In @entity4 there was significant correlation between tissue @entity7 and @entity2 . @entity6 concentration proved to be significantly higher in control mucosa than in @entity4 , with no difference between @entity3 and nonatopic @entity4 . Immunohistochemical analysis revealed numerous @entity2 -positive eosinophil cells and @entity6 positivity in the lamina propria of polyp samples, but none in control specimens. CONCLUSIONS: High tissue @entity6 quantity in healthy nasal mucosa without its active form on the cell surface and its low quantity in @entity4 may reflect its essential role in the inhibitory mechanisms of @entity5 . @entity2 plays a key role in the eosinophil recruitment and activation, and both @entity3 and nonatopic pathways might activate this process. The main sources of @entity2 and @entity6 are the eosinophils and macrophages. Immediate @entity1 , besides other mechanisms, might be related to @entity4 , but the involvement of other, local allergic mechanisms in @entity7 production of nonatopic polyp tissue cannot be excluded.

title: The pathogenesis of @entity5 by XXXX and @entity2 is completed by @entity6 .

answer: @entity7