abstract: PURPOSE:    To provide a comprehensive description of functioning and disability with regard to stages of disease progression in adults with @entity6 type 1 ( @entity7 ). Further to explore associations of measures of manual dexterity and of walking capacity with measures of activities of daily living (ADL) and participation in social and lifestyle activities. METHODS: Seventy @entity0 with @entity7 underwent examinations, tests and answered questionnaires. Stages of disease progression were based on the @entity1 rating scale. RESULTS:    Overweight, @entity3 , respiratory restrictions, @entity5 and/or low physical activity levels were found in approximately 40% of those with @entity7 . Over 75% had @entity2 , and activity limitations in manual dexterity and walking. @entity4 in personal and instrumental ADL was found in 16% and 39%, respectively, and participation restrictions in social and lifestyle activities in 52%. The presence of concurrent @entity1 , activity limitations and participation restrictions was high. Significant differences were found in @entity2 , manual dexterity, mobility, ADL and social and lifestyle activities with regard to disease progression. Cut-off values in measures of manual dexterity and walking capacity associated to functioning are proposed. CONCLUSION:    This information can be used for developing clinical practise and for health promotion for @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: Functioning and disability in adults with XXXX type 1.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Use of precut sphincterotomy during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can increase the odds for cannulation success but is associated with increased risk of post-ERCP @entity1 . Earlier, rather than delayed, use of precut sphincterotomy for cases with difficult biliary access might reduce this risk. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine how early use of precut sphincterotomy affects the risk of @entity1 and rate of cannulation success compared with persistent standard cannulation. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, along with meeting abstracts, through August 2014 for randomized controlled trials in which early precut sphincterotomy was compared with persistent standard cannulation in adults with difficult biliary access. Outcomes considered included primary cannulation success, overall cannulation success, incidence of post-ERCP @entity1 , and overall adverse event rate. Findings from a random-effects model were expressed as pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: We analyzed data from 5 studies (523 @entity0 ). The incidence of post-ERCP @entity1 and success of overall cannulation did not differ significantly between the early precut and persistent standard therapy groups. Early use of precut sphincterotomy was associated with increased odds for primary cannulation success (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.04-1.68). In subgroup analysis of studies that involved only fully qualified biliary endoscopists (not fellows), we found a significant reduction in risk of @entity1 among @entity0 receiving early precut vs the standard technique (RR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10-0.86). CONCLUSION: Compared with standard therapy, early use of precut sphincterotomy did not increase the risk of post-ERCP @entity1 in a meta-analysis. When the procedure is performed by qualified biliary endoscopists, early precut can reduce the risk of post-ERCP @entity1 . Rates of primary cannulation increase with early precut. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

title: Early Precut Sphincterotomy Does Not Increase Risk During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in XXXX With Difficult Biliary Access: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have focused on the importance of @entity2 in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, it was still unclear whether higher doses of delayed-release @entity4 ( @entity4 ) could provide additional benefit. AIM: To examine how two doses of delayed-release @entity4 (4.8 g/day and 2.4 g/day) from ASCEND I and II compare in their relative ability to heal colonic mucosa over time. METHODS: Primary data from two prospective 6-week, double-blind, randomised studies in @entity0 with mildly to moderately active @entity1 were pooled and analysed retrospectively. The @entity2 analysis focuses on moderately active @entity1 @entity0 (n=391), comprising a majority of @entity0 (84%). Additional analyses examined the relationship between @entity2 and dose, clinical response to therapy and @entity0 quality of life (Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, IBDQ). RESULTS: At week 3, @entity2 (endoscopy subscore of 0 or 1) was achieved in 65% of moderately active @entity1 @entity0 on 4.8 g/day and 58% of @entity0 on 2.4 g/day (P=0.219). At week 6, this increased to 80% for 4.8 g/day and 68% for 2.4 g/day (P=0.012). Healing rates with the higher dose were also greater across all extents of disease and in @entity0 with prior @entity3 use. At 6 weeks, clinical response to therapy and @entity2 were found to be well correlated (kappa=0.694). Likewise, the change in IBDQ at week 6 showed a significant relationship with @entity2 (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Mucosal healing rates in @entity1 achieved at 6 weeks were statistically significantly higher with delayed-release @entity4 at 4.8 g/day vs. 2.4 g/day.

title: Randomised clinical trial: delayed-release oral @entity4 4.8 g/day vs. 2.4 g/day in endoscopic XXXX --ASCEND I and II combined analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have focused on the importance of @entity2 in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, it was still unclear whether higher doses of delayed-release @entity4 ( @entity4 ) could provide additional benefit. AIM: To examine how two doses of delayed-release @entity4 (4.8 g/day and 2.4 g/day) from ASCEND I and II compare in their relative ability to heal colonic mucosa over time. METHODS: Primary data from two prospective 6-week, double-blind, randomised studies in @entity0 with mildly to moderately active @entity1 were pooled and analysed retrospectively. The @entity2 analysis focuses on moderately active @entity1 @entity0 (n=391), comprising a majority of @entity0 (84%). Additional analyses examined the relationship between @entity2 and dose, clinical response to therapy and @entity0 quality of life (Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, IBDQ). RESULTS: At week 3, @entity2 (endoscopy subscore of 0 or 1) was achieved in 65% of moderately active @entity1 @entity0 on 4.8 g/day and 58% of @entity0 on 2.4 g/day (P=0.219). At week 6, this increased to 80% for 4.8 g/day and 68% for 2.4 g/day (P=0.012). Healing rates with the higher dose were also greater across all extents of disease and in @entity0 with prior @entity3 use. At 6 weeks, clinical response to therapy and @entity2 were found to be well correlated (kappa=0.694). Likewise, the change in IBDQ at week 6 showed a significant relationship with @entity2 (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Mucosal healing rates in @entity1 achieved at 6 weeks were statistically significantly higher with delayed-release @entity4 at 4.8 g/day vs. 2.4 g/day.

title: Randomised clinical trial: delayed-release oral XXXX 4.8 g/day vs. 2.4 g/day in endoscopic @entity2 --ASCEND I and II combined analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: To our knowledge, familial occurrence of small-cell @entity2 in first-degree relatives has not been described before. We studied two separate cases of @entity4 in a 21-year-old @entity0 and in her 40-year-old mother, both of whom died of disseminated disease. Both @entity1 were studied with immunohistochemistry, using a variety of antibodies, and with flow cytometry. Microscopically, the @entity1 in the daughter was of the usual small-cell type, while that of her mother belonged to a large-cell variety. Immunohistochemically, both @entity1 showed some degree of epithelial differentiation but also expressed reactivity to some other antigens, most notably to smooth-muscle actin and muscle-specific actin. Both @entity1 showed a diploid DNA pattern and low S-phase fraction with flow cytometry. Neither of the cases expressed @entity3 . @entity4 may appear as a small-cell or large-cell variety in a familial setting. A diploid DNA pattern appears to be characteristic. Because this @entity1 was first reported relatively recently, the frequency of its familial occurrence is not known.

title: Familial occurrence of small-cell XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence of @entity2 has increased rapidly, but aetiological factors responsible for this increase are still largely unknown. Prenatal exposure to a pro-inflammatory @entity6 status is hypothesized although little research has been carried out. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether prenatal @entity6 exposures are associated with atopy in childhood. METHODS: In the @entity11 Birth Cohort Study, maternal blood samples (n=1275) at 34-36 weeks of pregnancy were assayed for n-6 and n-3 long-chain @entity9 (LCPs). The full spectrum of offspring @entity7 (wheeze, @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity1 sensitization, and high total IgE) until the age of 6-7 years was assessed by repeated parental questionnaires and measurements of total and specific IgE. Associations of maternal @entity6 status with @entity0 atopic outcomes were analysed using multivariable logistic regression and generalized estimating equations for repeated measurements. RESULTS: High ratio of maternal n-6 vs. n-3 LCPs was associated with a lower risk of @entity4 in the @entity0 (P for trend 0.012). More specifically, we found a decreased risk of @entity4 in the first 7 months of life with increasing @entity8 levels (P for trend 0.013). No associations were found between maternal @entity10 and offspring airway-related @entity7 , sensitization, or high total IgE. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The development of @entity2 in early childhood is associated with prenatal exposure to n-6 vs. n-3 @entity10 , but with inconsistencies between different manifestations. Further exploration of associations with maternal diet and genetic variants in genes regulating @entity6 metabolism are required. This study shows that the influence of prenatal exposure to @entity10 on the risk of @entity4 in the @entity0 is limited to the first year of life.

title: Maternal XXXX status in pregnancy and childhood @entity7 : @entity11 Birth Cohort Study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence of @entity2 has increased rapidly, but aetiological factors responsible for this increase are still largely unknown. Prenatal exposure to a pro-inflammatory @entity6 status is hypothesized although little research has been carried out. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether prenatal @entity6 exposures are associated with atopy in childhood. METHODS: In the @entity11 Birth Cohort Study, maternal blood samples (n=1275) at 34-36 weeks of pregnancy were assayed for n-6 and n-3 long-chain @entity9 (LCPs). The full spectrum of offspring @entity7 (wheeze, @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity1 sensitization, and high total IgE) until the age of 6-7 years was assessed by repeated parental questionnaires and measurements of total and specific IgE. Associations of maternal @entity6 status with @entity0 atopic outcomes were analysed using multivariable logistic regression and generalized estimating equations for repeated measurements. RESULTS: High ratio of maternal n-6 vs. n-3 LCPs was associated with a lower risk of @entity4 in the @entity0 (P for trend 0.012). More specifically, we found a decreased risk of @entity4 in the first 7 months of life with increasing @entity8 levels (P for trend 0.013). No associations were found between maternal @entity10 and offspring airway-related @entity7 , sensitization, or high total IgE. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The development of @entity2 in early childhood is associated with prenatal exposure to n-6 vs. n-3 @entity10 , but with inconsistencies between different manifestations. Further exploration of associations with maternal diet and genetic variants in genes regulating @entity6 metabolism are required. This study shows that the influence of prenatal exposure to @entity10 on the risk of @entity4 in the @entity0 is limited to the first year of life.

title: Maternal @entity6 status in pregnancy and childhood XXXX : @entity11 Birth Cohort Study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence of @entity2 has increased rapidly, but aetiological factors responsible for this increase are still largely unknown. Prenatal exposure to a pro-inflammatory @entity6 status is hypothesized although little research has been carried out. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether prenatal @entity6 exposures are associated with atopy in childhood. METHODS: In the @entity11 Birth Cohort Study, maternal blood samples (n=1275) at 34-36 weeks of pregnancy were assayed for n-6 and n-3 long-chain @entity9 (LCPs). The full spectrum of offspring @entity7 (wheeze, @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity1 sensitization, and high total IgE) until the age of 6-7 years was assessed by repeated parental questionnaires and measurements of total and specific IgE. Associations of maternal @entity6 status with @entity0 atopic outcomes were analysed using multivariable logistic regression and generalized estimating equations for repeated measurements. RESULTS: High ratio of maternal n-6 vs. n-3 LCPs was associated with a lower risk of @entity4 in the @entity0 (P for trend 0.012). More specifically, we found a decreased risk of @entity4 in the first 7 months of life with increasing @entity8 levels (P for trend 0.013). No associations were found between maternal @entity10 and offspring airway-related @entity7 , sensitization, or high total IgE. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The development of @entity2 in early childhood is associated with prenatal exposure to n-6 vs. n-3 @entity10 , but with inconsistencies between different manifestations. Further exploration of associations with maternal diet and genetic variants in genes regulating @entity6 metabolism are required. This study shows that the influence of prenatal exposure to @entity10 on the risk of @entity4 in the @entity0 is limited to the first year of life.

title: Maternal @entity6 status in pregnancy and childhood @entity7 : XXXX Birth Cohort Study.

answer: @entity11


abstract: The in vivo and in vitro antitumor effectiveness of IFNs is well documented. Their combination with differentiating agents, such as @entity2 , has been demonstrated to be a promising therapy for @entity0 with advanced @entity1 and the cervix. However, the mechanisms that mediate these antitumor responses are not yet known. We studied the epidermoid cell line ME 180 derived from @entity0 @entity3 to test its responsiveness to @entity4 -alpha-2b (INTRON A) and @entity2 (RA). Both agents have demonstrated ability to inhibit the growth of @entity0 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The antiproliferative effect was further increased by the treatment with @entity4 -alpha-2b and RA combined. In accordance with this result, we found that the combination of the two agents has the effect of increasing the expression of the 2-5A synthetase gene, which is thought to play a key role in antigrowth responses to IFNs. At increased levels of 2-5A synthetase mRNA corresponds a significant increase in 2-5A synthetase activity. Although RA per se has no effect on the 2-5A synthetase expression, when it is combined with @entity4 -alpha-2b it appears to be able to potentiate the @entity4 -induced 2-5A synthetase expression. Moreover, the combination of @entity4 -alpha-2b and RA produces a similar effect also on the expression of the HLA-A2 gene, which has been shown to be induced in @entity0 cells both by @entity4 -alpha-2b and RA alone. In view of the possible mechanisms of action of the two agents, it is interesting to note that their combination increases, although transiently, the expression of @entity5 , which codes for a transcription factor that regulates @entity4 gene expression and is thought to be involved in the regulation of @entity4 -induced effects and in mediating cell death or apoptosis.

title: Interferon alpha-2b and @entity2 combined treatment affects proliferation and gene expression of @entity0 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The in vivo and in vitro antitumor effectiveness of IFNs is well documented. Their combination with differentiating agents, such as @entity2 , has been demonstrated to be a promising therapy for @entity0 with advanced @entity1 and the cervix. However, the mechanisms that mediate these antitumor responses are not yet known. We studied the epidermoid cell line ME 180 derived from @entity0 @entity3 to test its responsiveness to @entity4 -alpha-2b (INTRON A) and @entity2 (RA). Both agents have demonstrated ability to inhibit the growth of @entity0 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The antiproliferative effect was further increased by the treatment with @entity4 -alpha-2b and RA combined. In accordance with this result, we found that the combination of the two agents has the effect of increasing the expression of the 2-5A synthetase gene, which is thought to play a key role in antigrowth responses to IFNs. At increased levels of 2-5A synthetase mRNA corresponds a significant increase in 2-5A synthetase activity. Although RA per se has no effect on the 2-5A synthetase expression, when it is combined with @entity4 -alpha-2b it appears to be able to potentiate the @entity4 -induced 2-5A synthetase expression. Moreover, the combination of @entity4 -alpha-2b and RA produces a similar effect also on the expression of the HLA-A2 gene, which has been shown to be induced in @entity0 cells both by @entity4 -alpha-2b and RA alone. In view of the possible mechanisms of action of the two agents, it is interesting to note that their combination increases, although transiently, the expression of @entity5 , which codes for a transcription factor that regulates @entity4 gene expression and is thought to be involved in the regulation of @entity4 -induced effects and in mediating cell death or apoptosis.

title: Interferon alpha-2b and XXXX combined treatment affects proliferation and gene expression of @entity0 @entity3 cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The in vivo and in vitro antitumor effectiveness of IFNs is well documented. Their combination with differentiating agents, such as @entity2 , has been demonstrated to be a promising therapy for @entity0 with advanced @entity1 and the cervix. However, the mechanisms that mediate these antitumor responses are not yet known. We studied the epidermoid cell line ME 180 derived from @entity0 @entity3 to test its responsiveness to @entity4 -alpha-2b (INTRON A) and @entity2 (RA). Both agents have demonstrated ability to inhibit the growth of @entity0 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The antiproliferative effect was further increased by the treatment with @entity4 -alpha-2b and RA combined. In accordance with this result, we found that the combination of the two agents has the effect of increasing the expression of the 2-5A synthetase gene, which is thought to play a key role in antigrowth responses to IFNs. At increased levels of 2-5A synthetase mRNA corresponds a significant increase in 2-5A synthetase activity. Although RA per se has no effect on the 2-5A synthetase expression, when it is combined with @entity4 -alpha-2b it appears to be able to potentiate the @entity4 -induced 2-5A synthetase expression. Moreover, the combination of @entity4 -alpha-2b and RA produces a similar effect also on the expression of the HLA-A2 gene, which has been shown to be induced in @entity0 cells both by @entity4 -alpha-2b and RA alone. In view of the possible mechanisms of action of the two agents, it is interesting to note that their combination increases, although transiently, the expression of @entity5 , which codes for a transcription factor that regulates @entity4 gene expression and is thought to be involved in the regulation of @entity4 -induced effects and in mediating cell death or apoptosis.

title: Interferon alpha-2b and @entity2 combined treatment affects proliferation and gene expression of XXXX @entity3 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the biological characteristics of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining among histological types. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IHC staining results were analyzed in 86 EGCs resected with endoscopic submucosal dissection to identify mucin phenotype and biological characteristics. RESULTS: The histological type was classified as @entity4 ( @entity4 ), mixed @entity4 (MAC), or @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Significant differences in @entity8 (34.4% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.05) and @entity7 (59.4% vs. 85.7%, p < 0.05) expression were observed between @entity4 and @entity2 . The poorly cohesive component of MAC showed stronger immunoreactivity to @entity5 (46.2% vs. 14.3%, p < 0.05) but weaker reactivity to @entity7 (57.7% vs. 85.7%, p < 0.05), compared to that of @entity2 . @entity9 and @entity6 expression levels significantly decreased in the poorly cohesive component of MAC (15.4% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05; 7.7% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05, respectively) and @entity2 (10.7% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05; 14.3% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05, respectively), compared to @entity4 . However, @entity1 expression significantly increased in the poorly cohesive component of MAC (42.3% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.05) and @entity2 (39.3% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.05), compared to @entity4 . CONCLUSION: IHC analysis showed that @entity3 histological types differ in terms of mucin phenotype and biological characteristics. The poorly cohesive components showed decreased @entity9 and @entity6 expression levels and increased @entity1 expression. These characteristics may contribute to the poor prognosis of @entity0 with MAC and @entity2 .

title: Expression of immunohistochemical markers according to histological type in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the biological characteristics of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining among histological types. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IHC staining results were analyzed in 86 EGCs resected with endoscopic submucosal dissection to identify mucin phenotype and biological characteristics. RESULTS: The histological type was classified as @entity4 ( @entity4 ), mixed @entity4 (MAC), or @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Significant differences in @entity8 (34.4% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.05) and @entity7 (59.4% vs. 85.7%, p < 0.05) expression were observed between @entity4 and @entity2 . The poorly cohesive component of MAC showed stronger immunoreactivity to @entity5 (46.2% vs. 14.3%, p < 0.05) but weaker reactivity to @entity7 (57.7% vs. 85.7%, p < 0.05), compared to that of @entity2 . @entity9 and @entity6 expression levels significantly decreased in the poorly cohesive component of MAC (15.4% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05; 7.7% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05, respectively) and @entity2 (10.7% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05; 14.3% vs. 90.6%, p < 0.05, respectively), compared to @entity4 . However, @entity1 expression significantly increased in the poorly cohesive component of MAC (42.3% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.05) and @entity2 (39.3% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.05), compared to @entity4 . CONCLUSION: IHC analysis showed that @entity3 histological types differ in terms of mucin phenotype and biological characteristics. The poorly cohesive components showed decreased @entity9 and @entity6 expression levels and increased @entity1 expression. These characteristics may contribute to the poor prognosis of @entity0 with MAC and @entity2 .

title: Expression of immunohistochemical markers according to histological type in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, case-control study. OBJECTIVE: Determine risk factors for @entity6 after surgery for @entity5 as well as the causative organisms and the results of treatment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity4 after surgery for @entity5 is more common than that for @entity3 . A variety of potential risk factors have been identified, but few have demonstrated statistical significance. METHODS: The Pediatric Orthopedic Spine Database identified 151 @entity0 with @entity5 who underwent surgery and had a follow-up of minimum of 2 years. A total of eight @entity0 (5.3% prevalence) developed a @entity6 . Nine @entity0 without an @entity1 were matched by year and type of surgery, for each @entity0 with an @entity1 and selected as controls (n = 72). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors were analyzed for an association with wound @entity1 by using stepwise logistic regression. In addition, causative organisms as well as the methods and results of treatment were recorded for each @entity0 . RESULTS.: The control group consisted of 32 males and 40 females with a mean age of 13.3 years (range, 7-21 years) and a mean follow-up of 4.6 years (range, 2.0-20.9 years) at surgery. The @entity1 group (n = 8) consisted of four males and four females with a mean age of 12.5 years (range, 11-14 years) and a mean follow-up of 5.1 year (range, 2.0-12.3 years) at surgery. There were five early and three late wound @entity1 . The presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt before surgery was the only factor statistically associated with an increased risk for wound @entity1 (P < 0.01). In addition, @entity1 was associated with @entity2 (P < 0.01) and an increased length of hospitalization (P < 0.01). The most common causative species was staphylococcus and the majority (88%) of @entity1 required surgical intervention with a mean of 2.1 debridements (range, 1-4 debridements). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is a statistically significant risk factor for wound @entity1 after corrective surgery for @entity5 . @entity4 is associated with @entity2 and prolonged hospitalization. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: XXXX after surgery for @entity5 : risk factors and treatment outcomes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, case-control study. OBJECTIVE: Determine risk factors for @entity6 after surgery for @entity5 as well as the causative organisms and the results of treatment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity4 after surgery for @entity5 is more common than that for @entity3 . A variety of potential risk factors have been identified, but few have demonstrated statistical significance. METHODS: The Pediatric Orthopedic Spine Database identified 151 @entity0 with @entity5 who underwent surgery and had a follow-up of minimum of 2 years. A total of eight @entity0 (5.3% prevalence) developed a @entity6 . Nine @entity0 without an @entity1 were matched by year and type of surgery, for each @entity0 with an @entity1 and selected as controls (n = 72). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors were analyzed for an association with wound @entity1 by using stepwise logistic regression. In addition, causative organisms as well as the methods and results of treatment were recorded for each @entity0 . RESULTS.: The control group consisted of 32 males and 40 females with a mean age of 13.3 years (range, 7-21 years) and a mean follow-up of 4.6 years (range, 2.0-20.9 years) at surgery. The @entity1 group (n = 8) consisted of four males and four females with a mean age of 12.5 years (range, 11-14 years) and a mean follow-up of 5.1 year (range, 2.0-12.3 years) at surgery. There were five early and three late wound @entity1 . The presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt before surgery was the only factor statistically associated with an increased risk for wound @entity1 (P < 0.01). In addition, @entity1 was associated with @entity2 (P < 0.01) and an increased length of hospitalization (P < 0.01). The most common causative species was staphylococcus and the majority (88%) of @entity1 required surgical intervention with a mean of 2.1 debridements (range, 1-4 debridements). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is a statistically significant risk factor for wound @entity1 after corrective surgery for @entity5 . @entity4 is associated with @entity2 and prolonged hospitalization. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: @entity4 after surgery for XXXX : risk factors and treatment outcomes.

answer: @entity5


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the long-term course of @entity5 and @entity7 . Focus was given to the following issues: incidence and timing of @entity8 and @entity7 during the acute phase and 3 years follow-up, size, hemodynamic and clinical consequences of effusions, and potential risk of thrombolytic or anticoagulant therapy in @entity0 with @entity7 . @entity0 AND STUDY DESIGN: Serial echocardiographic examinations were performed in 192 consecutive @entity0 with first @entity2 during the acute phase (day 1, 5, 10, 21) and during 3 years' follow-up (year 1, 2, and 3 after @entity5 ). The follow-up was 100%. Clinical, angiographic, and autopsy data were analyzed. RESULTS: Pericardial @entity4 was detected at least once during serial echocardiographic examinations in 82 of 192 @entity0 (43%). The incidence in different subgroups (with or without thrombolysis, open or closed artery at 3 weeks, @entity5 in left anterior descending, left circumflex, or right coronary artery perfusion bed) was similar. Most (48%) effusions were first detected on the fifth day, and most (50%) disappeared between days 21 and 365. However, in nine @entity0 , the @entity4 persisted beyond 1 year (up to 3 years in three @entity0 ). Only systolic separation of pericardial layers was detected in 59% of effusions, circular @entity4 in 3.6% of all effusions. No @entity6 developed. @entity3 or @entity1 complicated 49% of @entity5 with pericardial involvement and 16% of @entity5 without @entity4 (p < 0.01). Mortality alone was 8% among @entity0 without @entity4 and 15% among those with more than minimal @entity4 (not significant). CONCLUSIONS: Pericardial @entity4 can be detected by serial echocardiographic examinations in 43% of @entity2 . It appears during the initial 5 days and disappears slowly during several weeks to several months. Anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy does not increase the frequency or the size of effusions.

title: Pericardial involvement during the course of XXXX . A long-term clinical and echocardiographic study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: An aversion to harming others is a core component of @entity0 morality and is disturbed in @entity1 . Deficient harm aversion may underlie @entity1 , which both feature in psychopathy. Past work has highlighted monoaminergic influences on aggression, but a mechanistic account of how @entity7 regulate antisocial motives remains elusive. We previously observed that most @entity0 show a greater aversion to inflicting @entity2 on others than themselves. Here, we investigated whether this hyperaltruistic disposition is susceptible to monoaminergic control. We observed dissociable effects of the @entity3 reuptake inhibitor @entity4 and the @entity5 precursor @entity8 on decisions to inflict @entity2 on oneself and others for @entity6 . Computational models of @entity1 showed that @entity4 increased harm aversion for both self and others, while @entity8 reduced hyperaltruism. The effects of @entity4 were stronger than those of @entity8 . Crucially, neither drug influenced the physical perception of @entity2 or other components of choice such as motor impulsivity or loss aversion, suggesting a direct and specific influence of @entity3 and @entity5 on the valuation of harm. We also found evidence for dose dependency of these effects. Finally, the drugs had dissociable effects on response times, with @entity4 enhancing behavioral inhibition and @entity8 reducing slowing related to being responsible for another's fate. These distinct roles of @entity3 and @entity5 in modulating moral behavior have implications for potential treatments of social dysfunction that is a common feature as well as a risk factor for many @entity1 .

title: Dissociable Effects of @entity3 and XXXX on the Valuation of Harm in Moral Decision Making.

answer: @entity5


abstract: An aversion to harming others is a core component of @entity0 morality and is disturbed in @entity1 . Deficient harm aversion may underlie @entity1 , which both feature in psychopathy. Past work has highlighted monoaminergic influences on aggression, but a mechanistic account of how @entity7 regulate antisocial motives remains elusive. We previously observed that most @entity0 show a greater aversion to inflicting @entity2 on others than themselves. Here, we investigated whether this hyperaltruistic disposition is susceptible to monoaminergic control. We observed dissociable effects of the @entity3 reuptake inhibitor @entity4 and the @entity5 precursor @entity8 on decisions to inflict @entity2 on oneself and others for @entity6 . Computational models of @entity1 showed that @entity4 increased harm aversion for both self and others, while @entity8 reduced hyperaltruism. The effects of @entity4 were stronger than those of @entity8 . Crucially, neither drug influenced the physical perception of @entity2 or other components of choice such as motor impulsivity or loss aversion, suggesting a direct and specific influence of @entity3 and @entity5 on the valuation of harm. We also found evidence for dose dependency of these effects. Finally, the drugs had dissociable effects on response times, with @entity4 enhancing behavioral inhibition and @entity8 reducing slowing related to being responsible for another's fate. These distinct roles of @entity3 and @entity5 in modulating moral behavior have implications for potential treatments of social dysfunction that is a common feature as well as a risk factor for many @entity1 .

title: Dissociable Effects of XXXX and @entity5 on the Valuation of Harm in Moral Decision Making.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ultrafiltration (UF) can improve the exercise performance of @entity0 with moderate @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Our aim was to define the starting levels of performance below which UF is beneficial. @entity0 AND METHOD: We studied 26 @entity0 in 2 to 3 NYHA class, whose clinical condition was stable, left ventricle ejection fraction (echocardiography) was < 35% and peak exercise @entity1 uptake (VO2) was > or = 14 mL/min/kg. They underwent a single extracorporeal UF (about 600 mL of ultrafiltrate per hour). Before that, we evaluated pulmonary function (PFT), functional capacity (cardiopulmonary exercise test [CPX]), cardiac index, left ventricle ejection fraction, ventricular filling pressures, and plasma @entity3 at rest. The PFTs and CPXs were repeated 3 months after UF. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity0 had a rise of peak exercise VO2 > 1 mL/min/kg at the 3-month evaluation (group A, ultrafiltrate = 2,040 +/- 241 mL) and 10 did not (group B, ultrafiltrate = 1,870 +/- 169 mL). Forced expiratory volume (1 s), maximal @entity4 , and vital capacity were lower in group A than in group B and improved after UF only in group A. Before UF, VO2 at peak exercise and at anaerobic threshold (15.5 +/- 0.4 mL/min/kg and 11.0 +/- 0.5, respectively) was also lower in group A than in group B (21.2 +/- 0.7 mL/min/kg and 14.8 +/- 0.9, p < 0.01). @entity0 whose pre-UF peak exercise VO2 was > 18.5 mL/min/kg (group B) had no increase in this variable. No significant group differences were detected regarding @entity3 , left ventricular ejection fraction, and hemodyanmic parameters at rest. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with moderate @entity2 undergoing UF, exercise capacity improvement is inversely related to the pre-UF level of physical performance and pulmonary function; VO2 at peak exercise seems useful for identification of @entity0 not benefiting from the procedure.

title: Ultrafiltration in moderate @entity2 . Exercise XXXX uptake as a predictor of the clinical benefits.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ultrafiltration (UF) can improve the exercise performance of @entity0 with moderate @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Our aim was to define the starting levels of performance below which UF is beneficial. @entity0 AND METHOD: We studied 26 @entity0 in 2 to 3 NYHA class, whose clinical condition was stable, left ventricle ejection fraction (echocardiography) was < 35% and peak exercise @entity1 uptake (VO2) was > or = 14 mL/min/kg. They underwent a single extracorporeal UF (about 600 mL of ultrafiltrate per hour). Before that, we evaluated pulmonary function (PFT), functional capacity (cardiopulmonary exercise test [CPX]), cardiac index, left ventricle ejection fraction, ventricular filling pressures, and plasma @entity3 at rest. The PFTs and CPXs were repeated 3 months after UF. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity0 had a rise of peak exercise VO2 > 1 mL/min/kg at the 3-month evaluation (group A, ultrafiltrate = 2,040 +/- 241 mL) and 10 did not (group B, ultrafiltrate = 1,870 +/- 169 mL). Forced expiratory volume (1 s), maximal @entity4 , and vital capacity were lower in group A than in group B and improved after UF only in group A. Before UF, VO2 at peak exercise and at anaerobic threshold (15.5 +/- 0.4 mL/min/kg and 11.0 +/- 0.5, respectively) was also lower in group A than in group B (21.2 +/- 0.7 mL/min/kg and 14.8 +/- 0.9, p < 0.01). @entity0 whose pre-UF peak exercise VO2 was > 18.5 mL/min/kg (group B) had no increase in this variable. No significant group differences were detected regarding @entity3 , left ventricular ejection fraction, and hemodyanmic parameters at rest. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with moderate @entity2 undergoing UF, exercise capacity improvement is inversely related to the pre-UF level of physical performance and pulmonary function; VO2 at peak exercise seems useful for identification of @entity0 not benefiting from the procedure.

title: Ultrafiltration in moderate XXXX . Exercise @entity1 uptake as a predictor of the clinical benefits.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Light scatter measurements using flow cytometry indicated that T cells from young and old @entity0 undergo apoptosis following activation with immobilized anti- @entity2 . The percentage of cells in apoptosis after 20 h activation was significantly greater (p < .001) in cultures containing cells from older animals. The mean percentages of apoptotic T cells from young and old @entity0 after 20 h activation were 19.3% and 33.0%, respectively. The proportion of viable cells after 20 h activation was significantly higher (p < .003) in the young (mean = 78.4%) than in the old animals (mean = 65.8%). Simultaneous measurements of light scatter and fluorescence indicated that apoptotic T cells contained both the @entity1 + and the CD8+ T-cell phenotypes. The frequency of apoptotic CD8+ T cells was elevated (p < .007) in older animals, where the mean percentage was 15.1%, compared to 5.3% in the young. The most dramatic difference between young and old (p < .0008) was seen in the percentages of viable @entity1 + T cells after 20 h activation. The mean viable @entity1 + T-cell percentage was 33.7% in- the young and 21.4% in the old. @entity1 + cells expressing high levels of CD45RB (CD45RBhi) after activation for 20 h possessed light scatter and bright fluorescence properties characteristic of viable cells, whereas @entity1 +/CD45RBlo density cells could be identified as apoptotic based on their decreased @entity1 fluorescence and scatter characteristics. @entity1 + cells from young animals were predominantly CD45RBhi, whereas @entity1 + cells from the old had greater levels of CD454RBlo cells. In addition to light scatter changes, measurement of DNA content after 40 h activation revealed the presence of a sub-G1 DNA apoptotic peak and a viable cell cycle distribution. After 40 h of activation, there was an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells in both young and old @entity0 , with the greatest increase seen in the cells from older animals. Further evidence supporting the process of apoptosis in 40 h-activated cells was confirmed by the appearance of DNA strand breaks detected by in situ nick translation.

title: Anti- XXXX -induced apoptosis in T-cells from young and old @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Light scatter measurements using flow cytometry indicated that T cells from young and old @entity0 undergo apoptosis following activation with immobilized anti- @entity2 . The percentage of cells in apoptosis after 20 h activation was significantly greater (p < .001) in cultures containing cells from older animals. The mean percentages of apoptotic T cells from young and old @entity0 after 20 h activation were 19.3% and 33.0%, respectively. The proportion of viable cells after 20 h activation was significantly higher (p < .003) in the young (mean = 78.4%) than in the old animals (mean = 65.8%). Simultaneous measurements of light scatter and fluorescence indicated that apoptotic T cells contained both the @entity1 + and the CD8+ T-cell phenotypes. The frequency of apoptotic CD8+ T cells was elevated (p < .007) in older animals, where the mean percentage was 15.1%, compared to 5.3% in the young. The most dramatic difference between young and old (p < .0008) was seen in the percentages of viable @entity1 + T cells after 20 h activation. The mean viable @entity1 + T-cell percentage was 33.7% in- the young and 21.4% in the old. @entity1 + cells expressing high levels of CD45RB (CD45RBhi) after activation for 20 h possessed light scatter and bright fluorescence properties characteristic of viable cells, whereas @entity1 +/CD45RBlo density cells could be identified as apoptotic based on their decreased @entity1 fluorescence and scatter characteristics. @entity1 + cells from young animals were predominantly CD45RBhi, whereas @entity1 + cells from the old had greater levels of CD454RBlo cells. In addition to light scatter changes, measurement of DNA content after 40 h activation revealed the presence of a sub-G1 DNA apoptotic peak and a viable cell cycle distribution. After 40 h of activation, there was an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells in both young and old @entity0 , with the greatest increase seen in the cells from older animals. Further evidence supporting the process of apoptosis in 40 h-activated cells was confirmed by the appearance of DNA strand breaks detected by in situ nick translation.

title: Anti- @entity2 -induced apoptosis in T-cells from young and old XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed at investigating whether non-surgical periodontal treatment can reduce the Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) % level in @entity2 2 @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: A search of the literature on English publications was performed in Cochrane Central, Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge and EMBASE (until 06 February 2014). An RCT was selected if the subject was @entity2 2 @entity1 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity3 , and compared HbA1c% change after non-surgical periodontal treatment alone for at least three months of the study duration. Weighted mean difference for pooled data and large sample size strata were calculated. Heterogeneity and publication bias were explored. RESULTS: After the study selection process, only 9 RCTs were suitable. Compared to the control group, the pooled analysis (n=1082) showed -0.27 % (95 % CI:-0.46 % to -0.07 %, p= 0.007) absolute difference in HbA1c % with treatment while studies with sufficient sample size had HbA1c % change of -0.014 % (95 % CI:-0.18 % to 0.16 %, p= 0.87). Publication bias was marginally significant with Egger's teat (p=0.045) but not with Begg's test (p=0.72). CONCLUSION: The moderate reduction in HbA1c after the non-surgical therapy in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 is consistent with previous systematic reviews. However, more large scale and high-quality RCTs are necessitated to confirm these results.

title: Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on glycemic control of @entity0 with XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed at investigating whether non-surgical periodontal treatment can reduce the Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) % level in @entity2 2 @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: A search of the literature on English publications was performed in Cochrane Central, Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge and EMBASE (until 06 February 2014). An RCT was selected if the subject was @entity2 2 @entity1 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity3 , and compared HbA1c% change after non-surgical periodontal treatment alone for at least three months of the study duration. Weighted mean difference for pooled data and large sample size strata were calculated. Heterogeneity and publication bias were explored. RESULTS: After the study selection process, only 9 RCTs were suitable. Compared to the control group, the pooled analysis (n=1082) showed -0.27 % (95 % CI:-0.46 % to -0.07 %, p= 0.007) absolute difference in HbA1c % with treatment while studies with sufficient sample size had HbA1c % change of -0.014 % (95 % CI:-0.18 % to 0.16 %, p= 0.87). Publication bias was marginally significant with Egger's teat (p=0.045) but not with Begg's test (p=0.72). CONCLUSION: The moderate reduction in HbA1c after the non-surgical therapy in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 is consistent with previous systematic reviews. However, more large scale and high-quality RCTs are necessitated to confirm these results.

title: Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on glycemic control of XXXX with @entity1 : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Precise adaptable fixation of a supracondylar humerus osteotomy with a radial/lateral external fixator to correct posttraumatic cubitus varus. INDICATIONS: Acquired, posttraumatic cubitus varus as a result of a malhealed and unsatisfactorily treated supracondylar humerus @entity2 . @entity6 (very seldom) if the @entity0 (independent of age and after complete healing) is cosmetically impaired; stability of the elbow is reduced due to @entity4 ( @entity7 ); secondary problems and @entity1 (e.   g., irritation of the ulnar nerve) are expected or already exist; or there is an explicit wish of the @entity0 /parents (relative indication). CONTRAINDICATIONS: In principle there are no contraindications provided that the indication criteria are filled. The common argument of age does not represent a contraindication in our opinion, since angular remodeling at the distal end of the humerus is practically nonexistent. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Basically, the surgical technique of the radial external fixator is used as previously described for stabilization of complex supracondylar @entity2 . With the @entity0 in supine position, the arm is placed freely on an arm table. Using a 4-5 cm long skin incision along the radial, supracondylar, the extracapsular part of the distal humerus is prepared, whereby great caution regarding the radial nerve is advised. In contrast to the procedure used in radial external fixation for supracondylar humeral @entity2 treatment, two Schanz screws are always fixed in each fragment at a distance of 1.5-2 cm. The osteotomy must allow the fragment to freely move in all directions. The proximal and distal two Schanz screws are then connected with short 4 mm @entity3 or stainless steel rods. These two rods are connected with each other over another rod using the tub-to-tub technique. Now the preliminary correction according the clinical situation can be performed and the clamps are tightened. @entity5 and function are checked. If these are radiologically and clinically perfect, all clamps are definitively tightened; if the alignment or the function is not perfect, then further adjustments can be made. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Due to the excellent stability, further immobilization not necessary. Immediate functional follow-up treatment performed according to @entity1 . RESULTS: Adequate healing is usually expected within 6 weeks. At this time the external fixator can be removed in the @entity2 clinic. Because the whole operation is performed in an extraarticular manner and the mobility of the elbow is not affected, deterioration of function has never been observed. Also regarding the cosmetic/anatomical situation, good results are expected because they were already achieved intraoperatively.

title: [Treatment of posttraumatic cubitus varus in XXXX and adolescents. Supracondylar humeral osteotomy using radial external fixation].

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and aims: The role of recently developed balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE) in small-bowel @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is not well established. The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical impact of BAE on @entity0 with suspected and @entity2 . Methods: This study included 22 @entity0 (group A) with suspected small-bowel @entity2 and 43 @entity0 (group B) with @entity2 with or without previous surgery, who underwent BAE, in a prospective BAE registry of a US academic medical institution. All underwent abdominal imaging studies including computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) enterography before BAE. The main outcome measurements were diagnostic yield and clinical outcomes. Results: In total, 78 BAE procedures were carried out in 65 @entity0 . In group A (n=22, 25 BAE procedures), enteroscopy led to a diagnosis of @entity2 in six @entity0 (27.3%). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related @entity5 was diagnosed in three @entity0 (13.6%), whereas no lesions were found in the remaining 13 @entity0 . In group B (n=43, 53 BAE procedures) enteroscopy revealed active intestinal inflammation with @entity4 and/or luminal stenosis in 18 @entity0 (41.9%), which led to a change and escalation of medical therapy. Five @entity0 without active @entity4 underwent successful dilation of @entity1 with resulting resolution of obstructive symptoms. Of the 78 BAE procedures, two @entity0 (2.6%) had @entity3 complications which were successfully treated conservatively. One @entity0 (1.3%) underwent surgery due to procedure-related perforation. Conclusions: The use of BAE may help improve management in @entity0 with suspected and @entity2 .

title: Impact of balloon-assisted enteroscopy on the diagnosis and management of suspected and established small-bowel XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Studies have demonstrated menstrual cycle influences on basal @entity2 perception, but direct evidence of menstrual cycle influences on analgesic responses has not been reported in @entity0 . Our aim was to determine whether the magnitude of @entity3 and @entity5 @entity4 varied across the menstrual cycle. Sixty-five healthy @entity0 , 35 taking oral contraceptives (OC) and 30 normally cycling (NOC), underwent experimental @entity2 assessment both before and after intravenous administration @entity3 (0.08mg/kg) or @entity5 (0.5mg/kg) compared to saline placebo. Both active drug and placebo were administered once during the follicular phase and once during the luteal phase. Measures of heat, @entity1 , and @entity2 sensitivity were obtained before and after drug administration. Change scores in @entity2 responses were computed to determine @entity3 and @entity5 analgesic responses, and medication side effects were recorded. The data were analyzed using mixed-model analyses of variance. NOC @entity0 showed slightly greater @entity2 sensitivity in the follicular vs luteal phase, while the reverse pattern emerged for OC @entity0 (P=0.046). Also, OC @entity0 showed lower @entity2 thresholds compared to NOC @entity0 (P<0.05). Regarding analgesic responses, NOC @entity0 showed greater @entity3 @entity4 for @entity2 during the follicular vs the luteal phase (P=0.004). Likewise, side effects for @entity3 were significantly higher in NOC @entity0 in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase (P=0.02). These findings suggest that sex hormones may influence opioid responses; however, the effects vary across medications and @entity2 modalities and are likely to be modest in magnitude. Limited menstrual cycle effects on baseline @entity2 responses were observed; however, @entity3 @entity4 and side effects were greater during the follicular phase.

title: Evaluation of menstrual cycle effects on @entity3 and XXXX @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Studies have demonstrated menstrual cycle influences on basal @entity2 perception, but direct evidence of menstrual cycle influences on analgesic responses has not been reported in @entity0 . Our aim was to determine whether the magnitude of @entity3 and @entity5 @entity4 varied across the menstrual cycle. Sixty-five healthy @entity0 , 35 taking oral contraceptives (OC) and 30 normally cycling (NOC), underwent experimental @entity2 assessment both before and after intravenous administration @entity3 (0.08mg/kg) or @entity5 (0.5mg/kg) compared to saline placebo. Both active drug and placebo were administered once during the follicular phase and once during the luteal phase. Measures of heat, @entity1 , and @entity2 sensitivity were obtained before and after drug administration. Change scores in @entity2 responses were computed to determine @entity3 and @entity5 analgesic responses, and medication side effects were recorded. The data were analyzed using mixed-model analyses of variance. NOC @entity0 showed slightly greater @entity2 sensitivity in the follicular vs luteal phase, while the reverse pattern emerged for OC @entity0 (P=0.046). Also, OC @entity0 showed lower @entity2 thresholds compared to NOC @entity0 (P<0.05). Regarding analgesic responses, NOC @entity0 showed greater @entity3 @entity4 for @entity2 during the follicular vs the luteal phase (P=0.004). Likewise, side effects for @entity3 were significantly higher in NOC @entity0 in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase (P=0.02). These findings suggest that sex hormones may influence opioid responses; however, the effects vary across medications and @entity2 modalities and are likely to be modest in magnitude. Limited menstrual cycle effects on baseline @entity2 responses were observed; however, @entity3 @entity4 and side effects were greater during the follicular phase.

title: Evaluation of menstrual cycle effects on @entity3 and @entity5 XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Studies have demonstrated menstrual cycle influences on basal @entity2 perception, but direct evidence of menstrual cycle influences on analgesic responses has not been reported in @entity0 . Our aim was to determine whether the magnitude of @entity3 and @entity5 @entity4 varied across the menstrual cycle. Sixty-five healthy @entity0 , 35 taking oral contraceptives (OC) and 30 normally cycling (NOC), underwent experimental @entity2 assessment both before and after intravenous administration @entity3 (0.08mg/kg) or @entity5 (0.5mg/kg) compared to saline placebo. Both active drug and placebo were administered once during the follicular phase and once during the luteal phase. Measures of heat, @entity1 , and @entity2 sensitivity were obtained before and after drug administration. Change scores in @entity2 responses were computed to determine @entity3 and @entity5 analgesic responses, and medication side effects were recorded. The data were analyzed using mixed-model analyses of variance. NOC @entity0 showed slightly greater @entity2 sensitivity in the follicular vs luteal phase, while the reverse pattern emerged for OC @entity0 (P=0.046). Also, OC @entity0 showed lower @entity2 thresholds compared to NOC @entity0 (P<0.05). Regarding analgesic responses, NOC @entity0 showed greater @entity3 @entity4 for @entity2 during the follicular vs the luteal phase (P=0.004). Likewise, side effects for @entity3 were significantly higher in NOC @entity0 in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase (P=0.02). These findings suggest that sex hormones may influence opioid responses; however, the effects vary across medications and @entity2 modalities and are likely to be modest in magnitude. Limited menstrual cycle effects on baseline @entity2 responses were observed; however, @entity3 @entity4 and side effects were greater during the follicular phase.

title: Evaluation of menstrual cycle effects on XXXX and @entity5 @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We report six cases of intentionally inflicted cardiac laceration. The victims ranged in age from 9 weeks to 2 1/2 years. Five victims were @entity0 and in five cases the right atrium was lacerated. The left ventricle was lacerated in the other case. In the three cases with a confession, one victim each was struck with a fist, stomped, and kicked. Four @entity0 had @entity2 , with at least two @entity2 in each case. @entity7 from blunt @entity1 most commonly results from compression of the heart between the sternum and vertebral column, but may also occur from compression of the abdomen or legs, deceleration, @entity6 , puncture of the heart by a fractured rib, and @entity4 through a resolving contusion. Accidentally acquired @entity3 usually result from motor vehicle accidents or similarly severe forces. In @entity0 there are neither well documented cases of cardiac laceration nor of @entity2 from @entity5 . @entity3 , as with other types of severe @entity1 acquired at home, are almost never accidental.

title: XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We report six cases of intentionally inflicted cardiac laceration. The victims ranged in age from 9 weeks to 2 1/2 years. Five victims were @entity0 and in five cases the right atrium was lacerated. The left ventricle was lacerated in the other case. In the three cases with a confession, one victim each was struck with a fist, stomped, and kicked. Four @entity0 had @entity2 , with at least two @entity2 in each case. @entity7 from blunt @entity1 most commonly results from compression of the heart between the sternum and vertebral column, but may also occur from compression of the abdomen or legs, deceleration, @entity6 , puncture of the heart by a fractured rib, and @entity4 through a resolving contusion. Accidentally acquired @entity3 usually result from motor vehicle accidents or similarly severe forces. In @entity0 there are neither well documented cases of cardiac laceration nor of @entity2 from @entity5 . @entity3 , as with other types of severe @entity1 acquired at home, are almost never accidental.

title: @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine pediatric @entity2 ( @entity2 ) visits over 5 years, trends in @entity1 , and associations between injury-related @entity2 visit outcome and @entity0 and community-level sociodemographic characteristics. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of administrative data provided to the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Core Data Project, 2004-2008. Home addresses were geocoded to determine census block group and associated sociodemographic characteristics. Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale severity and Severity Classification System scores were calculated. Generalized estimating equations were used to test for associations between sociodemographic characteristics and admission or transfer among injury-related @entity2 visits. RESULTS: Overall @entity2 visits and @entity1 increased from 2004 to 2008 at study sites. Of 2,833676 successfully geocoded visits, 700,821 (24.7%) were injury-related. The proportion of higher severity @entity1 remained consistent. Nearly 10% of @entity1 resulted in admission or transfer each year. After adjusting for age, sex, payer, and @entity1 , odds of admission or transfer were lower among minority @entity0 and @entity0 from areas with moderate and high prevalence of poverty. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric injury-related @entity2 visits to included sites increased over the study period while @entity1 , anticipated resource utilization, and visit outcomes remained stable, with low rates of admission or transfer. Sociodemographic differences in @entity1 and @entity2 disposition were apparent. @entity2 -based injury surveillance is essential to understand disparities, inform targets for prevention programs, and reduce the overall burden of @entity1 .

title: @entity0 - and Community-Level Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Emergency Department Visits for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine pediatric @entity2 ( @entity2 ) visits over 5 years, trends in @entity1 , and associations between injury-related @entity2 visit outcome and @entity0 and community-level sociodemographic characteristics. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of administrative data provided to the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Core Data Project, 2004-2008. Home addresses were geocoded to determine census block group and associated sociodemographic characteristics. Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale severity and Severity Classification System scores were calculated. Generalized estimating equations were used to test for associations between sociodemographic characteristics and admission or transfer among injury-related @entity2 visits. RESULTS: Overall @entity2 visits and @entity1 increased from 2004 to 2008 at study sites. Of 2,833676 successfully geocoded visits, 700,821 (24.7%) were injury-related. The proportion of higher severity @entity1 remained consistent. Nearly 10% of @entity1 resulted in admission or transfer each year. After adjusting for age, sex, payer, and @entity1 , odds of admission or transfer were lower among minority @entity0 and @entity0 from areas with moderate and high prevalence of poverty. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric injury-related @entity2 visits to included sites increased over the study period while @entity1 , anticipated resource utilization, and visit outcomes remained stable, with low rates of admission or transfer. Sociodemographic differences in @entity1 and @entity2 disposition were apparent. @entity2 -based injury surveillance is essential to understand disparities, inform targets for prevention programs, and reduce the overall burden of @entity1 .

title: XXXX - and Community-Level Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Emergency Department Visits for @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is an autoimmune, @entity3 where morphological changes of muscle, including ragged red fibers, have indicated @entity2 in some muscle fibers. In this study enzyme histochemical analysis showed that cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-deficient muscle fibers were present at a frequency ranging from 0.5 to 5% of the muscle fibers in a series of 20 @entity4 @entity0 . In age-matched controls, only occasional @entity5 muscle fibers were present. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of DNA extracted from muscle tissue of the @entity4 @entity0 showed multiple mtDNA deletions. PCR analysis of isolated, single muscle fibers showed presence of mtDNA with only one type of deletion and deficiency of wild-type mtDNA in each @entity5 muscle fiber. This finding was supported by results from in situ hybridization using different mtDNA probes on consecutive sections. A 5 kb deletion was identified in all 20 @entity4 @entity0 . DNA sequencing of the breakpoint region showed that this deletion was the so-called "common deletion." Most but not all of the investigated deletion breakpoints were flanked by direct repeats. @entity5 fibers were more frequent among fibers with positive immunostaining with antibodies directed toward a regeneration marker, the Leu-19 antigen, than in the entire fiber population. These results show that @entity5 in muscle fiber segments in @entity4 is associated with deletions of mtDNA. Clonal expansion of mtDNA with deletions may take place in regenerating muscle fibers following segmental @entity1 .

title: Mitochondrial DNA deletions in muscle fibers in inclusion body XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Quarter samples (n = 6,328) of mammary secretions were collected from 160 @entity1 during physiologic transitions of the udder to determine the frequency of isolation of @entity3 -causing pathogens and the incidence of new intramammary infections (IMI) during the nonlactating period. None of the @entity1 in the herd was infected with @entity5 , and the prevalence of @entity2 was low. @entity1 were not treated with antibiotics at cessation of milking. A threefold increase in the percentage of quarters infected with major @entity3 -causing pathogens developed from late lactation to early involution. Coliforms and streptococci other than Str agalactiae accounted for 94% of major pathogen infections. The number of quarters infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci increased slightly from late lactation to early involution, whereas the number of quarters infected with Corynebacterium bovis decreased markedly. Major pathogens caused 101 of 153 IMI at parturition and greater than 90% were caused by streptococci and coliforms. At parturition, 51 of 52 minor pathogen IMI were caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. During early lactation, there was a marked @entity0 with major pathogens; however, the number of quarters with major pathogen IMI during early lactation was 2.3 times higher than the number of quarters infected before cessation of milking. The number of quarters with minor pathogen IMI during early lactation was the same as at parturition, but a marked @entity0 with coagulase-negative staphylococci and a marked increase in @entity4 IMI developed from parturition to early lactation.

title: Frequency of isolation of environmental XXXX -causing pathogens and incidence of new intramammary infection during the nonlactating period.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To study late cardiac function in a single diagnostic group ( @entity0 with @entity4 ) with good long-term survival; to compare @entity0 treated with @entity7 ( @entity2 ) with @entity0 treated without @entity7 and with a normal @entity0 /adolescent group; and to examine the risk factors involved in late @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Echocardiographic studies were performed on 97 @entity4 @entity0 treated with @entity7 (mean cumulative dose, 303 mg/m2) with a mean follow-up time of 7.1 years, on 39 @entity4 @entity0 treated without @entity7 with a mean follow-up time of 8.9 years, and on 50 normal subjects. Left ventricular (LV) dimensions, end systolic wall stress (a measure of afterload), and load-dependent and -independent measures of contractility were compared between groups. Potential risk factors, including age at diagnosis, follow-up duration, sex, pubertal status, cardiac irradiation, dose-intensity, and cumulative dose of @entity7 , were studied by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of the @entity6 -treated group showed @entity1 . All but one of these @entity0 had increased LV afterload. Risk factors for increased afterload were @entity6 cumulative dose (P < .05) and @entity6 dose-intensity (P < .02). @entity4 @entity0 treated without @entity7 had thickened LV walls compared with normal subjects (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Total dose and dose-intensity of @entity6 were risk factors for increased LV afterload in long-term @entity4 survivors treated on standard protocols. The increase in afterload accounted for reduced LV shortening, whereas contractility was rarely abnormal. The new finding that @entity4 survivors who do not receive @entity7 have mild @entity5 may provide some protection against @entity6 -induced @entity3 effects.

title: Cardiac function in XXXX survivors.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Spermatogenesis is a highly regulated process that takes place in the seminiferous tubules of testis. This process initiates at puberty with differentiation of spermatogonia and their meiotic entry. The initiation of spermatogenesis depends on gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary gland; i.e., follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). In the absence of FSH and LH only premeiotic germ cells are present in the testis. The prepubertal development phase in juvenile testis is characterized by a protracted hypogonadotropic state, which only consists of Sertoli and undifferentiated germ cells in the seminiferous epithelium. All germ cells in the juvenile testis are undifferentiated spermatogonia, which are proliferating in a relatively gonadotropin-independent manner. It has been revealed that @entity1 deficient (VAD) animals are also infertile, and only premeiotic germ cells (undifferentiated spermatogonia) are present in their seminiferous tubules. The developmental block in VAD animal can be removed by administration of @entity1 and germ cell differentiation reinitiates in a synchronous manner. Recent studies have revealed that the biologically active form of @entity1 , @entity2 (RA), regulates germ cell differentiation and lead to the generation of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and normal spermatogenic wave. Recent study has shown that synchronous spermatogenesis at neonatal @entity0 , but not after initiation of meiosis, can be induced by treating @entity1 sufficient males with RA. The treatment of neonatal males at different ages with exogenous RA has revealed that although RA is sufficient to induce differentiation of spermatogonial at 4 dpp and earlier, it fails to alter asynchrony and it does not irreversibly cause a spermatogonial differentiation. These observations led us to suggest that gonadotropins trigger differentiation of spermatogonia and spermatogenesis through regulation of RA signaling in the seminiferous epithelium of the adult testis.

title: Potential roles of gonadotropins to control pulsatile XXXX signaling during spermatogenesis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The mechanism of anovulation in @entity1 remains unknown. As circulating concentrations of FSH are apparently normal, and in vivo, granulosa cells from @entity1 are hyperresponsive to FSH, it has been suggested that the lack of follicular development in @entity1 is caused by overexpression of a paracrine growth factor that inhibits steroidogenesis. @entity2 and the structurally homologous @entity0 ( @entity3 ) are suitable candidates for this role, but although the production of the latter has been demonstrated in the ovary, no comparison has been performed between the levels in normal ovaries and PCO. We compared the levels of @entity3 in follicular fluid and in granulosa cell- and theca- and stroma-conditioned media from normal ovaries and PCO. @entity3 was present in the range of 0.2-200 ng/mL in follicular fluid. There was a significant inverse correlation of @entity3 with follicle size, with no differences between follicles from normal ovaries and PCO. Granulosa cell-conditioned medium contained concentrations of @entity3 ranging from 0.1-200 ng/1000 cells. There was a wide range of concentrations in theca- and stroma-conditioned media, with levels varying from 0.2-100 ng/mg tissue and no consistent effect of LH. There were no significant differences between the levels from normal ovaries or PCO in medium conditioned by any compartment of the ovary. We conclude that the failure of folliculogenesis in @entity1 is not likely to be due to overproduction of @entity3 by the ovary.

title: Production of @entity0 by normal and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The mechanism of anovulation in @entity1 remains unknown. As circulating concentrations of FSH are apparently normal, and in vivo, granulosa cells from @entity1 are hyperresponsive to FSH, it has been suggested that the lack of follicular development in @entity1 is caused by overexpression of a paracrine growth factor that inhibits steroidogenesis. @entity2 and the structurally homologous @entity0 ( @entity3 ) are suitable candidates for this role, but although the production of the latter has been demonstrated in the ovary, no comparison has been performed between the levels in normal ovaries and PCO. We compared the levels of @entity3 in follicular fluid and in granulosa cell- and theca- and stroma-conditioned media from normal ovaries and PCO. @entity3 was present in the range of 0.2-200 ng/mL in follicular fluid. There was a significant inverse correlation of @entity3 with follicle size, with no differences between follicles from normal ovaries and PCO. Granulosa cell-conditioned medium contained concentrations of @entity3 ranging from 0.1-200 ng/1000 cells. There was a wide range of concentrations in theca- and stroma-conditioned media, with levels varying from 0.2-100 ng/mg tissue and no consistent effect of LH. There were no significant differences between the levels from normal ovaries or PCO in medium conditioned by any compartment of the ovary. We conclude that the failure of folliculogenesis in @entity1 is not likely to be due to overproduction of @entity3 by the ovary.

title: Production of XXXX by normal and @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: In premenopausal and older @entity0 , high @entity5 and @entity3 (E2) and low @entity7 levels are associated with insulin resistance and @entity1 , conditions characterized by low-grade @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between @entity7 , total @entity5 , total E2, and inflammatory markers in older @entity0 . DESIGN AND @entity0 : We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 433 @entity0 at least 65 yr old from the InCHIANTI Study, Italy, who were not on hormone replacement therapy or recently hospitalized and who had complete data on @entity7 , @entity5 , E2, @entity9 ( @entity9 ), @entity8 , soluble @entity8 receptor (sIL-6r), and @entity6 . Relationships between sex hormones and inflammatory markers were examined by multivariate linear regression analyses adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, insulin, physical activity, and @entity4 . RESULTS: In fully adjusted analyses, @entity7 was negatively associated with @entity9 (P = 0.007), @entity8 (P = 0.008), and sIL-6r (P = 0.02). In addition, @entity5 was positively associated with @entity9 (P = 0.006), @entity8 (P = 0.001), and @entity6 (P = 0.0002). The negative relationship between @entity5 and sIL-6r in an age-adjusted model (P = 0.02) was no longer significant in a fully adjusted model (P = 0.12). E2 was positively associated with @entity9 (P = 0.002) but not with @entity8 in fully adjusted models. In a final model including E2, @entity5 , and @entity7 , and all the confounders previously considered, @entity7 (0.23    0.08; P = 0.006) and E2 (0.21    0.08; P = 0.007), but not @entity5 (P = 0.21), were still significantly associated with @entity9 . CONCLUSION: In late postmenopausal @entity0 not on hormone replacement therapy, @entity7 and E2 are, respectively, negative and positive, independent and significant correlates of a proinflammatory state.

title: XXXX , sex hormones, and inflammatory markers in older @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: CONTEXT: In premenopausal and older @entity0 , high @entity5 and @entity3 (E2) and low @entity7 levels are associated with insulin resistance and @entity1 , conditions characterized by low-grade @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between @entity7 , total @entity5 , total E2, and inflammatory markers in older @entity0 . DESIGN AND @entity0 : We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 433 @entity0 at least 65 yr old from the InCHIANTI Study, Italy, who were not on hormone replacement therapy or recently hospitalized and who had complete data on @entity7 , @entity5 , E2, @entity9 ( @entity9 ), @entity8 , soluble @entity8 receptor (sIL-6r), and @entity6 . Relationships between sex hormones and inflammatory markers were examined by multivariate linear regression analyses adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, insulin, physical activity, and @entity4 . RESULTS: In fully adjusted analyses, @entity7 was negatively associated with @entity9 (P = 0.007), @entity8 (P = 0.008), and sIL-6r (P = 0.02). In addition, @entity5 was positively associated with @entity9 (P = 0.006), @entity8 (P = 0.001), and @entity6 (P = 0.0002). The negative relationship between @entity5 and sIL-6r in an age-adjusted model (P = 0.02) was no longer significant in a fully adjusted model (P = 0.12). E2 was positively associated with @entity9 (P = 0.002) but not with @entity8 in fully adjusted models. In a final model including E2, @entity5 , and @entity7 , and all the confounders previously considered, @entity7 (0.23    0.08; P = 0.006) and E2 (0.21    0.08; P = 0.007), but not @entity5 (P = 0.21), were still significantly associated with @entity9 . CONCLUSION: In late postmenopausal @entity0 not on hormone replacement therapy, @entity7 and E2 are, respectively, negative and positive, independent and significant correlates of a proinflammatory state.

title: @entity7 , sex hormones, and inflammatory markers in older XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The safety and efficacy, as measured by peak/trough blood pressure reduction, of a new, once-daily, controlled-release formulation of @entity3 ( @entity3 -CR, ICR) were evaluated in @entity0 with mild to moderate essential @entity2 during a nine-week trial. After a 3-week placebo washout period, @entity0 with a sitting diastolic blood pressure between 100 and 114 mm Hg were randomized to either 1 of 4 ICR treatment groups or placebo. Of 402 randomized @entity0 , 384 completed the study (placebo = 77, ICR-5 mg = 76, ICR 10 mg = 76, ICR-15 mg = 78, and ICR-20 mg = 77). Peak and trough post-dose blood pressure responses and heart rates were monitored for both the sitting and upright positions. Blood chemistries, urinalyses, complete blood counts, and electrocardiograms were done during the study. Both sitting and upright blood pressure decreased with the 5-(P < .05), 10-, 15-, and 20-mg (P < .001) once-daily ICR doses. The peak blood pressure reduction for all ICR doses occurred at 8 to 10 hours post-dose. Maximum peak/trough blood pressure response, achieved with the 10-mg dose, was similar with that of 15 and 20 mg of ICR. No serious clinical or metabolic side effect were noted, except @entity1 , which was dose dependent but did not require discontinuation of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sustained blood pressure control with controlled-release XXXX ( @entity3 -CR).

answer: @entity3


abstract: The safety and efficacy, as measured by peak/trough blood pressure reduction, of a new, once-daily, controlled-release formulation of @entity3 ( @entity3 -CR, ICR) were evaluated in @entity0 with mild to moderate essential @entity2 during a nine-week trial. After a 3-week placebo washout period, @entity0 with a sitting diastolic blood pressure between 100 and 114 mm Hg were randomized to either 1 of 4 ICR treatment groups or placebo. Of 402 randomized @entity0 , 384 completed the study (placebo = 77, ICR-5 mg = 76, ICR 10 mg = 76, ICR-15 mg = 78, and ICR-20 mg = 77). Peak and trough post-dose blood pressure responses and heart rates were monitored for both the sitting and upright positions. Blood chemistries, urinalyses, complete blood counts, and electrocardiograms were done during the study. Both sitting and upright blood pressure decreased with the 5-(P < .05), 10-, 15-, and 20-mg (P < .001) once-daily ICR doses. The peak blood pressure reduction for all ICR doses occurred at 8 to 10 hours post-dose. Maximum peak/trough blood pressure response, achieved with the 10-mg dose, was similar with that of 15 and 20 mg of ICR. No serious clinical or metabolic side effect were noted, except @entity1 , which was dose dependent but did not require discontinuation of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sustained blood pressure control with controlled-release @entity3 ( XXXX -CR).

answer: @entity3


abstract: The incidence of asthma is more common in @entity0 than in @entity0 during the childhood, and more common in premenopausal female than age-matched males. Our previous study demonstrated a gender difference in histamine-mediated neuroexcitability in nodose ganglia neurons (NGNs), highlighting a possibility of histamine-mediated gender difference in asthma via visceral afferent function. In the present study, we aimed to explore the gender difference in expression profiles of histamine receptors (HRs) in nodose ganglia (NG) and individual identified NGNs to provide deeper insights into the mechanisms involved in sexual dimorphism of asthma. Western-blot and SYBR green RT-PCR showed that @entity4 and @entity3 were highly expressed in NG of females compared with males and downregulated in ovariectomized females. @entity2 was equally expressed in NG of both sexes and not altered by ovariectomy. Furthermore, this highly expressive @entity4 and @entity3 were distributed in both myelinated and unmyelinated NGNs isolated from adult female @entity1 by immunofluorescence and single-cell RT-PCR. @entity3 widely distributed in all tested neuron subtypes and its expression did not show significant difference among neuron subtypes. @entity4 was widely and highly expressed in low-threshold and sex-specific subpopulation of myelinated Ah-types compared with myelinated A- and unmyelinated C-type NGNs. Unexpectedly, weak expression of @entity2 was detected in both myelinated and unmyelinated NGNs by immunofluorescence, which was further confirmed by single-cell RT-PCR. Our results suggest that the sexual dimorphism in the expression of @entity4 and @entity3 in vagal afferents very likely contributes, at least partially, to the gender difference in prevalence and severity of asthma.

title: Sex- and afferent-specific differences in histamine receptor expression in vagal afferents of XXXX : A potential mechanism for sexual dimorphism in prevalence and severity of asthma.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Liquemin in @entity3 During Thrombolysis With Saruplase (LIMITS) study was instituted to evaluate and characterize the effect of a prethrombolytic heparin bolus (5,000 IU) on the efficacy and safety of saruplase in @entity0 with @entity3 . BACKGROUND: Heparin has been used after thrombolytic therapy for @entity3 to prevent reocclusion of the @entity4 . METHODS: The study was designed as a randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, multicenter trial. @entity0 were treated within 6 h of onset of symptoms with either a bolus of 5,000 IU of heparin (Liquemin) (n = 56, HSH group) or placebo (n = 62, @entity6 group) before thrombolytic treatment with saruplase given as a 20-mg bolus followed by an infusion of 60 mg over 60 min. Thirty minutes after completion of thrombolysis, an intravenous heparin infusion was administered for 5 days. Before coronary angiography was performed at 6 to 12 h after start of lysis, an additional bolus of 5,000 IU heparin was given to all @entity0 . End points studied were patency of the @entity4 , changes in the hemostatic system and @entity2 complications. RESULTS: In the HSH group (heparin-saruplase-heparin), 78.6% of @entity0 had an open @entity4 -related vessel (Thrombolysis in @entity3 [TIMI] flow grade 2 or 3) compared with 56.5% in the @entity6 group (placebo-saruplase-heparin) (intention-to-treat analysis, p = 0.01). No significant difference was observed between the two groups with regard to changes in @entity5 and fibrin/ @entity5 degradation products. A total of eight @entity2 complications (14.3%) were observed in the HSH group and five (8.1%) in the @entity6 group; no cerebrovascular event occurred, and no @entity1 was reported. A total of 12 @entity0 died during the hospital stay, 3 in the HSH group (5.4%) and 9 in the @entity6 group (14.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity3 , the administration of a heparin bolus before thrombolytic therapy with saruplase is associated with a significantly higher patency at angiography 6 to 12 h after the start of thrombolysis without any appreciable increase in risk of @entity2 .

title: Thrombolysis with recombinant unglycosylated single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (saruplase) in @entity3 : influence of heparin on early patency rate (LIMITS study). Liquemin in XXXX During Thrombolysis With Saruplase.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Liquemin in @entity3 During Thrombolysis With Saruplase (LIMITS) study was instituted to evaluate and characterize the effect of a prethrombolytic heparin bolus (5,000 IU) on the efficacy and safety of saruplase in @entity0 with @entity3 . BACKGROUND: Heparin has been used after thrombolytic therapy for @entity3 to prevent reocclusion of the @entity4 . METHODS: The study was designed as a randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, multicenter trial. @entity0 were treated within 6 h of onset of symptoms with either a bolus of 5,000 IU of heparin (Liquemin) (n = 56, HSH group) or placebo (n = 62, @entity6 group) before thrombolytic treatment with saruplase given as a 20-mg bolus followed by an infusion of 60 mg over 60 min. Thirty minutes after completion of thrombolysis, an intravenous heparin infusion was administered for 5 days. Before coronary angiography was performed at 6 to 12 h after start of lysis, an additional bolus of 5,000 IU heparin was given to all @entity0 . End points studied were patency of the @entity4 , changes in the hemostatic system and @entity2 complications. RESULTS: In the HSH group (heparin-saruplase-heparin), 78.6% of @entity0 had an open @entity4 -related vessel (Thrombolysis in @entity3 [TIMI] flow grade 2 or 3) compared with 56.5% in the @entity6 group (placebo-saruplase-heparin) (intention-to-treat analysis, p = 0.01). No significant difference was observed between the two groups with regard to changes in @entity5 and fibrin/ @entity5 degradation products. A total of eight @entity2 complications (14.3%) were observed in the HSH group and five (8.1%) in the @entity6 group; no cerebrovascular event occurred, and no @entity1 was reported. A total of 12 @entity0 died during the hospital stay, 3 in the HSH group (5.4%) and 9 in the @entity6 group (14.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity3 , the administration of a heparin bolus before thrombolytic therapy with saruplase is associated with a significantly higher patency at angiography 6 to 12 h after the start of thrombolysis without any appreciable increase in risk of @entity2 .

title: Thrombolysis with recombinant unglycosylated single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (saruplase) in XXXX : influence of heparin on early patency rate (LIMITS study). Liquemin in @entity3 During Thrombolysis With Saruplase.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Autonomic and @entity4 have been reported in @entity0 with @entity2 . We studied left ventricular and autonomic function in 20 @entity0 with both alcoholic and non-alcoholic @entity2 . METHODS: Autonomic function was assessed by a standard battery of cardiovascular reflex tests. Supine exercise radionuclide ventriculography was used to assess the cardiac response to exercise. RESULTS: Exercise capacity was reduced in all @entity0 in association with marked chronotropic @entity5 (peak heart rates 120.5 +/- 6 bpm). Unlike normal subjects there was no increase in left ventricular ejection fraction on exercise. @entity1 volume increased by 23 +/- 6%, mediated by an increase in end-diastolic.volume of > 20%. Cardiac output was subnormal at maximal exercise, increasing by only 96 +/- 14% and 97 +/- 11% in alcoholic and non-alcoholic groups respectively. The majority (83%) of our @entity0 had @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity2 of @entity3 and non- @entity3 related aetiologies have significantly impaired cardiovascular responses to exercise, which are similar to those of a denervated heart. This may have important clinical implications for the ability of these @entity0 to withstand cardiovascular stress.

title: Exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction in alcoholic and non-alcoholic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is one of the most critical problems in @entity0 with progressive @entity4 . However, clinically useful and practical scales to evaluate @entity2 are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop such a scale. An 8-stage @entity4 Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS) was developed and tested for its inter- and intrarater reliabilities, concurrent validity, and responsiveness. The NdSSS was used to evaluate 134 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 84 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were examined with weighted kappa statistics. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the NdSSS with the existing scales [Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Functional Intake LEVEL Scales (FILS), and @entity1 Functional Rating Scale-Revised Swallow (ALSFRS-R Sw)], using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Responsiveness was determined with the standardized response mean (SRM). For inter- and intrarater reliabilities, the weighted kappas were 0.95 and 1.00, respectively, for @entity3 ; and 0.98 and 0.98, respectively, for @entity1 . The NdSSS showed strong correlations with the FOIS (rs  =  0.87 for @entity3 , rs  =  0.93 for @entity1 , p  <  0.001), FILS (rs  =  0.89 for @entity3 , rs  =  0.92 for @entity1 , p  <  0.001), and ALSFRS-R SW (rs  =  0.93, p  <  0.001). SRMs were 0.65 for @entity3 and 1.21 for @entity1 . The SRM was higher in @entity3 @entity0 for the NdSSS than for the other scales, while it was similar in @entity1 @entity0 and the other scales. Our originally developed NdSSS demonstrated sufficient reliability, validity, and responsiveness in @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity1 . It is also useful in evaluating @entity2 in @entity0 with progressive @entity4 .

title: Development of a new scale for @entity2 in @entity0 with progressive XXXX : the @entity4 Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS).

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is one of the most critical problems in @entity0 with progressive @entity4 . However, clinically useful and practical scales to evaluate @entity2 are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop such a scale. An 8-stage @entity4 Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS) was developed and tested for its inter- and intrarater reliabilities, concurrent validity, and responsiveness. The NdSSS was used to evaluate 134 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 84 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were examined with weighted kappa statistics. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the NdSSS with the existing scales [Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Functional Intake LEVEL Scales (FILS), and @entity1 Functional Rating Scale-Revised Swallow (ALSFRS-R Sw)], using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Responsiveness was determined with the standardized response mean (SRM). For inter- and intrarater reliabilities, the weighted kappas were 0.95 and 1.00, respectively, for @entity3 ; and 0.98 and 0.98, respectively, for @entity1 . The NdSSS showed strong correlations with the FOIS (rs  =  0.87 for @entity3 , rs  =  0.93 for @entity1 , p  <  0.001), FILS (rs  =  0.89 for @entity3 , rs  =  0.92 for @entity1 , p  <  0.001), and ALSFRS-R SW (rs  =  0.93, p  <  0.001). SRMs were 0.65 for @entity3 and 1.21 for @entity1 . The SRM was higher in @entity3 @entity0 for the NdSSS than for the other scales, while it was similar in @entity1 @entity0 and the other scales. Our originally developed NdSSS demonstrated sufficient reliability, validity, and responsiveness in @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity1 . It is also useful in evaluating @entity2 in @entity0 with progressive @entity4 .

title: Development of a new scale for @entity2 in @entity0 with progressive @entity4 : the XXXX Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS).

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is one of the most critical problems in @entity0 with progressive @entity4 . However, clinically useful and practical scales to evaluate @entity2 are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop such a scale. An 8-stage @entity4 Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS) was developed and tested for its inter- and intrarater reliabilities, concurrent validity, and responsiveness. The NdSSS was used to evaluate 134 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 84 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were examined with weighted kappa statistics. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the NdSSS with the existing scales [Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Functional Intake LEVEL Scales (FILS), and @entity1 Functional Rating Scale-Revised Swallow (ALSFRS-R Sw)], using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Responsiveness was determined with the standardized response mean (SRM). For inter- and intrarater reliabilities, the weighted kappas were 0.95 and 1.00, respectively, for @entity3 ; and 0.98 and 0.98, respectively, for @entity1 . The NdSSS showed strong correlations with the FOIS (rs  =  0.87 for @entity3 , rs  =  0.93 for @entity1 , p  <  0.001), FILS (rs  =  0.89 for @entity3 , rs  =  0.92 for @entity1 , p  <  0.001), and ALSFRS-R SW (rs  =  0.93, p  <  0.001). SRMs were 0.65 for @entity3 and 1.21 for @entity1 . The SRM was higher in @entity3 @entity0 for the NdSSS than for the other scales, while it was similar in @entity1 @entity0 and the other scales. Our originally developed NdSSS demonstrated sufficient reliability, validity, and responsiveness in @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity1 . It is also useful in evaluating @entity2 in @entity0 with progressive @entity4 .

title: Development of a new scale for XXXX in @entity0 with progressive @entity4 : the @entity4 Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS).

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is one of the most critical problems in @entity0 with progressive @entity4 . However, clinically useful and practical scales to evaluate @entity2 are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop such a scale. An 8-stage @entity4 Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS) was developed and tested for its inter- and intrarater reliabilities, concurrent validity, and responsiveness. The NdSSS was used to evaluate 134 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 84 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were examined with weighted kappa statistics. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the NdSSS with the existing scales [Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Functional Intake LEVEL Scales (FILS), and @entity1 Functional Rating Scale-Revised Swallow (ALSFRS-R Sw)], using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Responsiveness was determined with the standardized response mean (SRM). For inter- and intrarater reliabilities, the weighted kappas were 0.95 and 1.00, respectively, for @entity3 ; and 0.98 and 0.98, respectively, for @entity1 . The NdSSS showed strong correlations with the FOIS (rs  =  0.87 for @entity3 , rs  =  0.93 for @entity1 , p  <  0.001), FILS (rs  =  0.89 for @entity3 , rs  =  0.92 for @entity1 , p  <  0.001), and ALSFRS-R SW (rs  =  0.93, p  <  0.001). SRMs were 0.65 for @entity3 and 1.21 for @entity1 . The SRM was higher in @entity3 @entity0 for the NdSSS than for the other scales, while it was similar in @entity1 @entity0 and the other scales. Our originally developed NdSSS demonstrated sufficient reliability, validity, and responsiveness in @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity1 . It is also useful in evaluating @entity2 in @entity0 with progressive @entity4 .

title: Development of a new scale for @entity2 in XXXX with progressive @entity4 : the @entity4 Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS).

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 may result in disabling head and @entity5 and serious complications. Awareness of the symptoms of acute and chronic @entity7 and their various presentations will enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve @entity0 outcome. It is important to remember that the nasal mucosa is under autonomic control. Sinus symptomatology, whether from @entity6 or @entity2 , may occur with and will typically be exacerbated by increased parasympathetic outflow or reduced sympathetic tone. Thus, the possibility of underlying intranasal or sinus disease must be considered in @entity0 with atypical @entity8 headaches. A new appreciation of the impact of @entity7 on facial and @entity1 syndromes is developing among otolaryngologists because of the improved diagnostic capabilities afforded by combined intranasal endoscopy and modified CT. In the past, @entity0 with nasal complaints and @entity5 who had normal plain radiographs were often passed off as "chronic nasal complainers" and given decongestants or the recommendation to see a psychiatrist. On the other hand, @entity0 with symptoms and @entity6 often underwent radical surgery aimed at the maxillary or frontal sinus, sometimes with persistence or worsening of their complaints. Now, however, underlying causes for these problems can often be found in the ostiomeatal complex and corrected with minimally invasive surgery. In general, the major sinuses appear to be more sensitive to @entity5 before the development of chronic mucosal changes. @entity4 in critical locations within the ostiomeatal complex may therefore give rise to greater symptomatology than @entity4 in less critical sites. Although head CT may be a routine part of the neurologist's examination in @entity0 with @entity1 or @entity5 , routine CT techniques are inadequate to evaluate fully the ostiomeatal complex and sinuses and must be modified to rule out adequately @entity5 of sinus origin. Nasal endoscopic examination provides a noninvasive examination by which @entity0 may be selected for sinus CT and is a necessary part of a complete evaluation. Close cooperation between the neurologist and otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon is therefore essential for the accurate diagnosis of this often puzzling group of @entity0 .

title: Nasal and XXXX : current diagnosis and treatment.

answer: @entity5