abstract: Background: Variability of blood pressure (BP) across outpatient visits is frequently dismissed as random fluctuation around a @entity0 's underlying BP. Objective: To examine the association of visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and mortality outcomes. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Post hoc analysis of ALLHAT (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent @entity3 Trial). @entity0 : 25  814 ALLHAT @entity0 . Measurements: The VVV of SBP was defined as the SD across SBP measurements obtained at 7 visits conducted from 6 to 28 months after ALLHAT enrollment. @entity0 without @entity2 events during the first 28 months of follow-up were followed from the 28-month visit through the end of active ALLHAT follow-up. Outcomes included fatal @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or nonfatal @entity5 , all-cause mortality, @entity1 , and @entity6 . Results: During follow-up, 1194 fatal @entity4 or nonfatal MI events, 1948 deaths, 606 @entity1 , and 921 @entity6 events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, including for mean SBP, the hazard ratio comparing @entity0 in the highest versus lowest quintile of SD of SBP (>= 14.4 mm Hg vs. <6.5 mm Hg) was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.59) for fatal @entity4 or nonfatal MI, 1.58 (CI, 1.32 to 1.90) for all-cause mortality, 1.46 (CI, 1.06 to 2.01) for @entity1 , and 1.25 (CI, 0.97 to 1.61) for @entity6 . Higher VVV of diastolic BP was also associated with @entity2 events and mortality. Limitation: Long-term outcomes were not available. Conclusion: Higher VVV of SBP is associated with an increased risk for @entity2 and mortality. Future studies should examine whether reducing VVV of BP lowers this risk. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.

title: Visit-to-Visit Variability of Blood Pressure and @entity4 , XXXX , @entity6 , and Mortality: A Cohort Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Background: Variability of blood pressure (BP) across outpatient visits is frequently dismissed as random fluctuation around a @entity0 's underlying BP. Objective: To examine the association of visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and mortality outcomes. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Post hoc analysis of ALLHAT (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent @entity3 Trial). @entity0 : 25  814 ALLHAT @entity0 . Measurements: The VVV of SBP was defined as the SD across SBP measurements obtained at 7 visits conducted from 6 to 28 months after ALLHAT enrollment. @entity0 without @entity2 events during the first 28 months of follow-up were followed from the 28-month visit through the end of active ALLHAT follow-up. Outcomes included fatal @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or nonfatal @entity5 , all-cause mortality, @entity1 , and @entity6 . Results: During follow-up, 1194 fatal @entity4 or nonfatal MI events, 1948 deaths, 606 @entity1 , and 921 @entity6 events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, including for mean SBP, the hazard ratio comparing @entity0 in the highest versus lowest quintile of SD of SBP (>= 14.4 mm Hg vs. <6.5 mm Hg) was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.59) for fatal @entity4 or nonfatal MI, 1.58 (CI, 1.32 to 1.90) for all-cause mortality, 1.46 (CI, 1.06 to 2.01) for @entity1 , and 1.25 (CI, 0.97 to 1.61) for @entity6 . Higher VVV of diastolic BP was also associated with @entity2 events and mortality. Limitation: Long-term outcomes were not available. Conclusion: Higher VVV of SBP is associated with an increased risk for @entity2 and mortality. Future studies should examine whether reducing VVV of BP lowers this risk. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.

title: Visit-to-Visit Variability of Blood Pressure and XXXX , @entity1 , @entity6 , and Mortality: A Cohort Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Background: Variability of blood pressure (BP) across outpatient visits is frequently dismissed as random fluctuation around a @entity0 's underlying BP. Objective: To examine the association of visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and mortality outcomes. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Post hoc analysis of ALLHAT (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent @entity3 Trial). @entity0 : 25  814 ALLHAT @entity0 . Measurements: The VVV of SBP was defined as the SD across SBP measurements obtained at 7 visits conducted from 6 to 28 months after ALLHAT enrollment. @entity0 without @entity2 events during the first 28 months of follow-up were followed from the 28-month visit through the end of active ALLHAT follow-up. Outcomes included fatal @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or nonfatal @entity5 , all-cause mortality, @entity1 , and @entity6 . Results: During follow-up, 1194 fatal @entity4 or nonfatal MI events, 1948 deaths, 606 @entity1 , and 921 @entity6 events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, including for mean SBP, the hazard ratio comparing @entity0 in the highest versus lowest quintile of SD of SBP (>= 14.4 mm Hg vs. <6.5 mm Hg) was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.59) for fatal @entity4 or nonfatal MI, 1.58 (CI, 1.32 to 1.90) for all-cause mortality, 1.46 (CI, 1.06 to 2.01) for @entity1 , and 1.25 (CI, 0.97 to 1.61) for @entity6 . Higher VVV of diastolic BP was also associated with @entity2 events and mortality. Limitation: Long-term outcomes were not available. Conclusion: Higher VVV of SBP is associated with an increased risk for @entity2 and mortality. Future studies should examine whether reducing VVV of BP lowers this risk. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.

title: Visit-to-Visit Variability of Blood Pressure and @entity4 , @entity1 , XXXX , and Mortality: A Cohort Study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the expression status of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity8 and their receptors in organ-confined @entity5 ( @entity5 ) to evaluate their prognostic significance after radical surgery. METHODS: In 758 consecutive @entity0 diagnosed with @entity6 -2N0 @entity5 between 2007 and 2012, we prospectively investigated the expression levels of @entity2 , @entity8 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 )-b via immunohistochemistry. Clinicopathologic parameters and expression of the angiogenic factors were analyzed with respect to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) after nephrectomy. The median follow-up was 29.5  months (IQR 21.5, 39.6) after surgery. RESULTS: Partial nephrectomy had been performed in 48.5  % of the @entity0 , and @entity1 were staged as pT1a in 514 (67.8  %), pT1b in 192 (25.3  %) and pT2 in 52 (6.9  %). @entity2 , PDGF and their receptors were identified in the cytoplasm and membranes of the @entity1 cells. Expression level of @entity3 inversely correlated with both @entity1 size (r  =  -0.076, p  =  0.014) and nuclear grade (r  =  -0.297, p  =  0.004). As for @entity8 , the expression level showed an inverse correlation with @entity1 size (r  =  -0.216, p  <  0.001) while @entity7 -b inversely correlated with nuclear grade (r  =  -0.341, p  =  0.001). On multivariate analysis, age, pathologic stage, nuclear grade and @entity7 -b expression (high vs. low or none, HR 3.121 95  % CI 1.300-7.493, p  =  0.011) were independently prognostic of @entity4 after nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: In organ-confined @entity5 , high expression of @entity7 was independently predictive of poorer @entity4 after nephrectomy.

title: Prognostic significance of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-b expression in localized XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acute phase proteins (APPs) have been demonstrated to be useful in evaluating general health stress and diseases in cattle. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity7 (Hp) are APPs that are produced during @entity0 , and likely play a role in host immunological defence against @entity1 and the associated intestinal tissue damage. We investigated the involvement of @entity6 and @entity5 in an experimental study, including three groups of @entity2 : a control group (group 0, n=11), and two groups infected with either 150,000 or 250,000 Eimeria zuernii oocysts (group 1 (n=11) and group 2 (n=12), respectively). The @entity2 were monitored for 28 days and data was collected on oocyst excretion, faecal score, animal weight, and @entity6 and Hp serum concentrations. Generalized linear mixed models showed that the clinical symptoms, indicated by an increase in the number of oocysts in the faeces and severe @entity3 , manifested at patency for group 1 and 2. Serum Hp and @entity6 levels also increased during this period. Hp appeared to be a more sensitive marker than @entity6 , and differences between groups 1 and 2 were observed only for Hp. Linear regression models showed a negative association between @entity4 and Hp concentrations, calculated as the area under the curve (AUC) during the overall experimental period and the patency period. A similar result was seen for @entity6 only during the patency period. This result supports the assumption that reduced @entity4 due to E. zuernii @entity1 is an immunologically driven process that involves an increase in APPs. A random intercept regression model of oocyst shedding groups showed that @entity2 shedding 1-500 oocysts had reduced concentrations of Hp, indicating that a different immunological reaction occurs during mild shedding of E. zuernii oocysts than during more intensive shedding. A similar model was used to examine associations between faecal scores and Hp concentrations for each group. Group 2 @entity2 with haemorrhagic @entity3 displayed higher Hp levels than @entity2 in that group with lower faecal scores, which may be in response to an increased demand for Hp in the repair process as a result of haemolysis. APPs seem to play an important role in determining the course of E. zuernii @entity1 in @entity2 , which may enhance our understanding of the immunological reaction and development of this disease.

title: Systemic acute phase proteins response in XXXX experimentally infected with Eimeria zuernii.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: In California, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is the second most common @entity1 in Latinos. Using data from the California @entity1 Registry, we investigated demographic and clinical characteristics of 36,133 Latinos with @entity2 living in California during 1995-2011 taking into account subpopulations defined by country of origin. METHODS: Cases were defined as Latino according to the North American Association of Central @entity1 Registries Hispanic Identification Algorithm, which was also used to group cases by country of origin: Mexico (9,678, 27  %), Central or South America (2,636, 7  %), @entity3 (558, 2  %), Puerto Rico (295, 1  %), and other or unknown origin (22,966, 64  %; Other/NOS). 174,710 @entity2 cases were included for comparison purposes. Annual age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR) and proportional incidence ratios (PIRs) were calculated. RESULTS: Differences were observed for age at diagnosis, sex distribution, socioeconomic status (SES), nativity (US born vs. foreign born), stage, and @entity1 localization across Latino subpopulations and compared to NHW. Mexican Latinos had the lowest AAIR and Cuban Latinos had the highest. PIRs adjusted for age, SES, and nativity showed an excess of @entity2 males and female cases from Cuba, female cases from Puerto Rico and reduced number of female cases from Mexico. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in @entity1 incidence patterns and @entity1 characteristics were observed among Latino subpopulations in California. These disparities may reflect differences in @entity1 determinants among Latinos; therefore, given that country of origin information is unavailable for a large proportion of these @entity0 , greater efforts to collect these data are warranted.

title: Disparities in XXXX incidence among Latino subpopulations in California defined by country of origin.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Optic pathway/ @entity2 (OPHGs) are generally benign but situated in an exquisitely sensitive brain region. They follow an unpredictable course and are usually impossible to resect completely. We present a case series of 10 @entity0 who underwent surgery for OPHGs with the aid of intra-operative MRI (ioMRI). The impact of ioMRI on OPHG resection is presented, and a role for ioMRI in partial resection is discussed. METHODS: Ten @entity0 with OPHGs managed surgically utilising ioMRI at Alder Hey @entity0 's Hospital between 2010 and 2013 were retrospectively identified. Demographic and relevant clinical data were obtained. MRI was used to estimate @entity1 volume pre-operatively and post-resection. If ioMRI demonstrated that further resection was possible, second-look surgery, at the discretion of the operating surgeon, was performed, followed by post-operative imaging to establish the final status of resection. @entity1 volume was estimated for each MR image using the MRIcron software package. RESULTS: Control of @entity1 progression was achieved in all @entity0 . Seven @entity0 had, on table, second-look surgery with significant further @entity1 resection following ioMRI without any surgically related mortality or morbidity. The median additional quantity of @entity1 removed following second-look surgery, as a percentage of the initial total volume, was 27.79  % (range 11.2-59.2  %). The final @entity1 volume remaining with second-look surgery was 23.96 vs. 33.21  % without (p  =  0.1). CONCLUSIONS: OPHGs are technically difficult to resect due to their eloquent location, making them suitable for debulking resection only. IoMRI allows surgical goals to be reassessed intra-operatively following primary resection. Second-look surgery can be performed if possible and necessary and allows significant quantities of extra @entity1 to be resected safely. Although the clinical significance of additional @entity1 resection is not yet clear, we suggest that ioMRI is a safe and useful additional tool, to be combined with advanced neuronavigation techniques for partial @entity1 resection.

title: The role of early intra-operative MRI in partial resection of optic pathway/ XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Optic pathway/ @entity2 (OPHGs) are generally benign but situated in an exquisitely sensitive brain region. They follow an unpredictable course and are usually impossible to resect completely. We present a case series of 10 @entity0 who underwent surgery for OPHGs with the aid of intra-operative MRI (ioMRI). The impact of ioMRI on OPHG resection is presented, and a role for ioMRI in partial resection is discussed. METHODS: Ten @entity0 with OPHGs managed surgically utilising ioMRI at Alder Hey @entity0 's Hospital between 2010 and 2013 were retrospectively identified. Demographic and relevant clinical data were obtained. MRI was used to estimate @entity1 volume pre-operatively and post-resection. If ioMRI demonstrated that further resection was possible, second-look surgery, at the discretion of the operating surgeon, was performed, followed by post-operative imaging to establish the final status of resection. @entity1 volume was estimated for each MR image using the MRIcron software package. RESULTS: Control of @entity1 progression was achieved in all @entity0 . Seven @entity0 had, on table, second-look surgery with significant further @entity1 resection following ioMRI without any surgically related mortality or morbidity. The median additional quantity of @entity1 removed following second-look surgery, as a percentage of the initial total volume, was 27.79  % (range 11.2-59.2  %). The final @entity1 volume remaining with second-look surgery was 23.96 vs. 33.21  % without (p  =  0.1). CONCLUSIONS: OPHGs are technically difficult to resect due to their eloquent location, making them suitable for debulking resection only. IoMRI allows surgical goals to be reassessed intra-operatively following primary resection. Second-look surgery can be performed if possible and necessary and allows significant quantities of extra @entity1 to be resected safely. Although the clinical significance of additional @entity1 resection is not yet clear, we suggest that ioMRI is a safe and useful additional tool, to be combined with advanced neuronavigation techniques for partial @entity1 resection.

title: The role of early intra-operative MRI in partial resection of optic pathway/ @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 may be divided into @entity3 of the orbit, infectious and inflammatory @entity6 (including @entity1 ) and injuries. Idiopathic inflammatory syndromes are often encountered within the orbit and are usually classified as @entity7 . The etiology of @entity8 of the vision organ is unknown. Infectious agents, @entity5 and @entity4 are taken into consideration in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Thanks to detailed studies conducted in recent years, a new @entity2 was identified in 2001. It is known as IgG4-related disease, and its differentiation is based on the analysis of IgG4 levels in the affected tissues. Orbital locations of the disease were first reported in Japan as late as at the end of 2009. This finding triggered the European studies on this subject. To date, no such studies have been conducted in Poland. The starting study population consisted of 167 @entity0 with isolated infiltrative @entity1 within the orbital region treated at the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of the Medical College Jagiellonian University in Krakow. Detailed analysis and diagnostic screening for IgG4-related disease was performed in a total of 17 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity7 .

title: IgG4-related inflammatory XXXX - a retrospective case series.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Systemic @entity2 impairs mood and cognitive functions, and seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of @entity3 . Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies revealed altered task-related blood- @entity1 -level-dependent (BOLD) responses during experimental @entity6 , but little is known about effects of @entity2 on resting-state activity of the brain. Thus, we conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled study in healthy @entity0 receiving an intravenous injection of either low-dose (0.4ng/kg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (N=20) or placebo (N=25). Resting state activity was measured at baseline and 3.5h post-injection. Based on a two (condition)*two (group) design, we used multi-subject independent component analysis (ICA) to decompose and estimate functional connectivity within @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Seed-based analyses were applied to investigate the effect of LPS on the functional coupling for a priori-defined regions-of-interest (ROIs). ICA analyses identified 13 out of 35 components displaying common @entity4 . Seed based analysis revealed greater functional connectivity between the left thalamus and the cerebellum after LPS compared to placebo administration, while the functional coupling between seeds within the amygdala, insula, and cingulate cortex and various brain regions including parieto-frontal networks was significantly reduced. Within the LPS group, endotoxin-induced increases in @entity5 were significantly associated with resting-state connectivity between the left thalamus and left precuneus as well as the right posterior cingulate cortex. In summary, this exploratory study provides first evidence that @entity2 affects the coupling and regulation of multiple networks within the @entity0 brain at rest.

title: Alterations in functional connectivity of resting state networks during experimental XXXX - An exploratory study in healthy @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Systemic @entity2 impairs mood and cognitive functions, and seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of @entity3 . Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies revealed altered task-related blood- @entity1 -level-dependent (BOLD) responses during experimental @entity6 , but little is known about effects of @entity2 on resting-state activity of the brain. Thus, we conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled study in healthy @entity0 receiving an intravenous injection of either low-dose (0.4ng/kg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (N=20) or placebo (N=25). Resting state activity was measured at baseline and 3.5h post-injection. Based on a two (condition)*two (group) design, we used multi-subject independent component analysis (ICA) to decompose and estimate functional connectivity within @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Seed-based analyses were applied to investigate the effect of LPS on the functional coupling for a priori-defined regions-of-interest (ROIs). ICA analyses identified 13 out of 35 components displaying common @entity4 . Seed based analysis revealed greater functional connectivity between the left thalamus and the cerebellum after LPS compared to placebo administration, while the functional coupling between seeds within the amygdala, insula, and cingulate cortex and various brain regions including parieto-frontal networks was significantly reduced. Within the LPS group, endotoxin-induced increases in @entity5 were significantly associated with resting-state connectivity between the left thalamus and left precuneus as well as the right posterior cingulate cortex. In summary, this exploratory study provides first evidence that @entity2 affects the coupling and regulation of multiple networks within the @entity0 brain at rest.

title: Alterations in functional connectivity of resting state networks during experimental @entity6 - An exploratory study in healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Preliminary testing of a new biodegradable inferior vena cava filter in a @entity2 model. METHODS: The biodegradable filter consisted of two parts, a filter cone and a stent. The filter cone was constructed of six @entity6 polymer strands anchored to a handmade absorbable stent. Central inferior vena cava fixation was accomplished by the absorbable stent, which was made of @entity5 . Device insertion was performed through a 9F sheath under ultrasound guidance on 10 adult beagles. The filters were operatively retrieved at 6 weeks after implantation. The inferior venae cavae were subsequently analyzed grossly and using light microscopy. RESULTS: None of the 10 beagles had abnormal vital signs. All of the 10 filters migrated cephalad approximately <2  cm and remained below the @entity1 . One specimen had evidence of incorporated residual strands within the caval wall on gross examination. The caval wall became thickened at the level of filter placement without significant lumen narrowing. There was no evidence of @entity3 caused by degradation products of the absorbable strands. CONCLUSION: Biodegradable inferior vena cava filters are feasible and potentially could be used in specific @entity0 who are at temporary high risk of @entity4 .

title: Development and evaluation of a new biodegradable vena cava filter in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Autoantibodies against nucleosomes are considered a hallmark of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We compared in @entity0 with proliferative @entity2 the diagnostic usefulness of a dsDNA-loaded nucleosome ELISA (anti-dsDNA- @entity3 ) with ELISAs in which dsDNA or nucleosomes alone were coated. First, we analysed whether DNA loading on nucleosomes led to masking of epitopes by using defined monoclonal anti-DNA, anti-histone and nucleosome-specific autoantibodies to evaluate the accessibility of nucleosomal epitopes in the anti-dsDNA- @entity3 ELISA. Second, autoantibody levels were measured in these 3 ELISAs in 100 @entity0 with proliferative @entity2 ( @entity2 ) before immunosuppressive treatment and in 128 non- @entity1 disease controls. In @entity0 with @entity2 inter-assay comparisons and associations with clinical and serological parameters were analysed. The panel of monoclonal antibodies revealed that all epitopes were equally accessible in the anti-dsDNA- @entity3 ELISA as in the two other ELISAs. @entity0 with proliferative @entity2 were positive with dsDNA-loaded nucleosomes in 86%, with DNA in 66% and with nucleosomes in 85%. In the @entity1 control group these frequencies were 1.6% (2 out of 128) for both the anti-dsDNA- @entity3 and the anti-dsDNA ELISA and 0% in the anti-nucleosome ELISA. The levels in the anti-dsDNA- @entity3 ELISA were high in a group of @entity0 with @entity2 that showed absent reactivity in the anti-DNA or low levels in the anti-nucleosome ELISA. Anti-dsDNA- @entity3 positivity was associated with higher SLEDAI scores within this group. Within nucleosome-based ELISAs, we propose the anti-dsDNA- @entity3 ELISA as the preferred test system.

title: Reactivity in ELISA with DNA-loaded nucleosomes in @entity0 with proliferative XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Autoantibodies against nucleosomes are considered a hallmark of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We compared in @entity0 with proliferative @entity2 the diagnostic usefulness of a dsDNA-loaded nucleosome ELISA (anti-dsDNA- @entity3 ) with ELISAs in which dsDNA or nucleosomes alone were coated. First, we analysed whether DNA loading on nucleosomes led to masking of epitopes by using defined monoclonal anti-DNA, anti-histone and nucleosome-specific autoantibodies to evaluate the accessibility of nucleosomal epitopes in the anti-dsDNA- @entity3 ELISA. Second, autoantibody levels were measured in these 3 ELISAs in 100 @entity0 with proliferative @entity2 ( @entity2 ) before immunosuppressive treatment and in 128 non- @entity1 disease controls. In @entity0 with @entity2 inter-assay comparisons and associations with clinical and serological parameters were analysed. The panel of monoclonal antibodies revealed that all epitopes were equally accessible in the anti-dsDNA- @entity3 ELISA as in the two other ELISAs. @entity0 with proliferative @entity2 were positive with dsDNA-loaded nucleosomes in 86%, with DNA in 66% and with nucleosomes in 85%. In the @entity1 control group these frequencies were 1.6% (2 out of 128) for both the anti-dsDNA- @entity3 and the anti-dsDNA ELISA and 0% in the anti-nucleosome ELISA. The levels in the anti-dsDNA- @entity3 ELISA were high in a group of @entity0 with @entity2 that showed absent reactivity in the anti-DNA or low levels in the anti-nucleosome ELISA. Anti-dsDNA- @entity3 positivity was associated with higher SLEDAI scores within this group. Within nucleosome-based ELISAs, we propose the anti-dsDNA- @entity3 ELISA as the preferred test system.

title: Reactivity in ELISA with DNA-loaded nucleosomes in XXXX with proliferative @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: In @entity1 models, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are reported to incite inflammatory injury to tissues and are purported to be a therapeutic target. OBJECTIVES: To assess MAPK signalling in lamellae in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) at different time points after induction of laminitis via @entity3 overload, and to determine the effect of regional deep @entity4 (RDH) on MAPK signalling. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro study using archived tissue samples. METHODS: Lamellar concentrations of MAPKs were assessed in archived lamellar samples from 2 studies: 1) the starch gruel model of @entity1 with 3 groups (n = 6/group) of @entity2 in (control [CON], onset of fever [DEV] Obel grade 1 lameness [OG1]), and 2) from limbs maintained at ambient (AMB) and hypothermic (ICE) temperatures (n = 6/group) in animals given a bolus of oligofructose.  Immunoblotting and immunolocalisation were used to assess lamellar concentrations and cellular localisation of total and activated (phosphorylated) forms of p38 MAPK, extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun N terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) 1/2. RESULTS: Lamellar samples had statistically significant increased concentrations of activated ERK 1/2 at the onset of OG1 laminitis (vs. CON) in the starch gruel model, but showed no significant change between ICE and AMB limbs in the RDH model. Phospho-SAPK/JNK 1/2 exhibited a similar significant increase in the OG1 samples, but was also increased in ICE (vs. AMB) limbs. No statistically significant changes in lamellar p38 MAPK concentrations were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Increased concentrations of activated ERK 1/2 and SAPK/JNK in the acute stages of @entity1 indicate a possible role of these signalling proteins in @entity0 . Signalling related to ERK 1/2 and SAPK/JNK 1/2 pathways should be further investigated to determine if these play a detrimental role in laminitis and may be therapeutic targets to be manipulated independently of RDH. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Mitogen-activated kinase pathway activation in epidermal lamellae in the acute stages of @entity3 overload laminitis models and the effect of regional deep XXXX on signalling pathways.

answer: @entity4


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: In @entity1 models, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are reported to incite inflammatory injury to tissues and are purported to be a therapeutic target. OBJECTIVES: To assess MAPK signalling in lamellae in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) at different time points after induction of laminitis via @entity3 overload, and to determine the effect of regional deep @entity4 (RDH) on MAPK signalling. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro study using archived tissue samples. METHODS: Lamellar concentrations of MAPKs were assessed in archived lamellar samples from 2 studies: 1) the starch gruel model of @entity1 with 3 groups (n = 6/group) of @entity2 in (control [CON], onset of fever [DEV] Obel grade 1 lameness [OG1]), and 2) from limbs maintained at ambient (AMB) and hypothermic (ICE) temperatures (n = 6/group) in animals given a bolus of oligofructose.  Immunoblotting and immunolocalisation were used to assess lamellar concentrations and cellular localisation of total and activated (phosphorylated) forms of p38 MAPK, extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun N terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) 1/2. RESULTS: Lamellar samples had statistically significant increased concentrations of activated ERK 1/2 at the onset of OG1 laminitis (vs. CON) in the starch gruel model, but showed no significant change between ICE and AMB limbs in the RDH model. Phospho-SAPK/JNK 1/2 exhibited a similar significant increase in the OG1 samples, but was also increased in ICE (vs. AMB) limbs. No statistically significant changes in lamellar p38 MAPK concentrations were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Increased concentrations of activated ERK 1/2 and SAPK/JNK in the acute stages of @entity1 indicate a possible role of these signalling proteins in @entity0 . Signalling related to ERK 1/2 and SAPK/JNK 1/2 pathways should be further investigated to determine if these play a detrimental role in laminitis and may be therapeutic targets to be manipulated independently of RDH. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Mitogen-activated kinase pathway activation in epidermal lamellae in the acute stages of XXXX overload laminitis models and the effect of regional deep @entity4 on signalling pathways.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Post-laminectomy/laminotomy epidural @entity1 (EF) has been implicated as an important cause of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The various clinical approaches used to control EF yield mixed outcomes. Cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel (cHA) was synthesized to increase mechanical stability and residence time. We evaluated the therapeutic attenuation of proliferative EF in laminectomy/laminotomy groups treated and not treated with cHA. A bilateral T11-L1 total laminectomy or unilateral T12 laminotomy was done on four groups (n   =   10 each) of @entity0 and then histologically examined 2 months post-surgery: (I) laminectomy group treated with and (II) not treated with cHA, (III) laminotomy group treated with and (IV) not treated with cHA. The grade of EF, the diameters within the spinal canal, dura mater thickness, and the area of the epidural space, subarachnoid space, and conus medullaris space were assessed. The cHA-treated subgroups (I, III) had a significantly lower grade of EF, thinner dura mater, and larger epidural and @entity2 than did the control subgroups (II, IV) (p   <   0.05). The cHA formed a solid interpositional membrane barrier that prevented invasive @entity1 , and also helped reduce pathological changes to the adjacent structures. In conclusion, topically applied cHA is effective for reducing EF.    2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:299-306, 2016.

title: Efficacy of topical cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel in preventing post laminectomy/laminotomy XXXX in a @entity0 model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Post-laminectomy/laminotomy epidural @entity1 (EF) has been implicated as an important cause of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The various clinical approaches used to control EF yield mixed outcomes. Cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel (cHA) was synthesized to increase mechanical stability and residence time. We evaluated the therapeutic attenuation of proliferative EF in laminectomy/laminotomy groups treated and not treated with cHA. A bilateral T11-L1 total laminectomy or unilateral T12 laminotomy was done on four groups (n   =   10 each) of @entity0 and then histologically examined 2 months post-surgery: (I) laminectomy group treated with and (II) not treated with cHA, (III) laminotomy group treated with and (IV) not treated with cHA. The grade of EF, the diameters within the spinal canal, dura mater thickness, and the area of the epidural space, subarachnoid space, and conus medullaris space were assessed. The cHA-treated subgroups (I, III) had a significantly lower grade of EF, thinner dura mater, and larger epidural and @entity2 than did the control subgroups (II, IV) (p   <   0.05). The cHA formed a solid interpositional membrane barrier that prevented invasive @entity1 , and also helped reduce pathological changes to the adjacent structures. In conclusion, topically applied cHA is effective for reducing EF.    2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:299-306, 2016.

title: Efficacy of topical cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel in preventing post laminectomy/laminotomy @entity1 in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined the @entity2 vaccine effectiveness (VE) during the 2013-2014 @entity2 season, in which 2009 pandemic @entity4 ( @entity2 A[H1N1]pdm09) predominated. In 2 previous years when @entity4 predominated, the VE was low and negatively affected by prior year vaccination. METHODS: We enrolled and followed 232 households with 1049 members, including 618 @entity0 ; specimens were collected from subjects with acute respiratory illnesses. The VE in preventing laboratory-confirmed @entity1 was estimated in adjusted models. Preseason hemagglutination-inhibition and @entity3 -inhibition antibody titers were determined to assess susceptibility. RESULTS: Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was identified in 25 households (10.8%) and 47 individuals (4.5%). Adjusted VE against @entity1 with @entity2 A(H1N1)pdm09 was 66% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-85%), with similar point estimates in @entity0 and adults, and against both community-acquired and household-acquired @entity1 . VE did not appear to be different for live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines among @entity0 aged 2-8 years, although numbers were small. VE was similar for subjects vaccinated in both current and prior seasons and for those vaccinated in the current season only; susceptibility titers were consistent with this observation. CONCLUSIONS: Findings, including substantial significant VE and a lack of a negative effect of repeated vaccination on VE, were in contrast to those seen in prior seasons in which @entity4 predominated.

title: Substantial Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Households With @entity0 During the 2013-2014 Influenza Season, When 2009 Pandemic XXXX Predominated.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined the @entity2 vaccine effectiveness (VE) during the 2013-2014 @entity2 season, in which 2009 pandemic @entity4 ( @entity2 A[H1N1]pdm09) predominated. In 2 previous years when @entity4 predominated, the VE was low and negatively affected by prior year vaccination. METHODS: We enrolled and followed 232 households with 1049 members, including 618 @entity0 ; specimens were collected from subjects with acute respiratory illnesses. The VE in preventing laboratory-confirmed @entity1 was estimated in adjusted models. Preseason hemagglutination-inhibition and @entity3 -inhibition antibody titers were determined to assess susceptibility. RESULTS: Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was identified in 25 households (10.8%) and 47 individuals (4.5%). Adjusted VE against @entity1 with @entity2 A(H1N1)pdm09 was 66% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-85%), with similar point estimates in @entity0 and adults, and against both community-acquired and household-acquired @entity1 . VE did not appear to be different for live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines among @entity0 aged 2-8 years, although numbers were small. VE was similar for subjects vaccinated in both current and prior seasons and for those vaccinated in the current season only; susceptibility titers were consistent with this observation. CONCLUSIONS: Findings, including substantial significant VE and a lack of a negative effect of repeated vaccination on VE, were in contrast to those seen in prior seasons in which @entity4 predominated.

title: Substantial Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Households With XXXX During the 2013-2014 Influenza Season, When 2009 Pandemic @entity4 Predominated.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite demonstrated efficacy of   - @entity2 (EACA) in reducing @entity1 in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion, there are no population-specific pharmacokinetic data to guide dosing. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of EACA in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion surgery and make dosing recommendations. METHODS: Twenty @entity0 ages 12-17 years were enrolled, with 10 @entity0 in each of two groups based on diagnosis ( @entity5 or @entity5 ). Previously reported data from @entity0 undergoing craniofacial surgery were included in the model to enable dosing recommendations over a wide range of weights, ages, and diagnoses. A population non-linear mixed effects modelling approach was used to characterize EACA pharmacokinetics. RESULTS: Population pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a two-compartment disposition model with allometrically scaled weight and an age effect on clearance. Pharmacokinetic parameters for the typical @entity0 were a plasma clearance of 153 ml @entity3 ) 70 kg(-1) (6.32 ml @entity3 ) kg(-0.75)), intercompartmental clearance of 200 ml @entity3 ) 70 kg(-1) (8.26 ml @entity3 ) kg(-0.75)), central volume of distribution of 8.78 litre 70 kg(-1) (0.13 litre kg(-1)), and peripheral volume of distribution of 15.8 litre 70 kg(-1) (0.23 litre kg(-1)). @entity4 aetiology did not have a clinically significant effect on drug pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSIONS: The following dosing schemes are recommended according to @entity0 weight: weight <25 kg, 100 mg kg(-1) loading dose and 40 mg kg(-1) h(-1) infusion; weight  <=25 kg-<50 kg, 100 mg kg(-1) loading dose and 35 mg kg(-1) h(-1) infusion; and weight >= 50 kg, 100 mg kg(-1) loading dose and 30 mg kg(-1) h(-1) infusion. An efficacy trial employing this dosing strategy is warranted. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01408823.

title: Population pharmacokinetics of   - XXXX in adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Obesity remains a significant worldwide health problem and is currently increasing. Surgery remains the only proven long-term intervention and has been shown to be cost-effective. Evidence suggests that regular follow-up following laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is related to improved outcome, such evidence is lacking for laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery (laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [LRYGB]). This study examines the effect of distance on attendance at post-operative clinics and subsequent @entity1 following surgery. A prospectively maintained database was interrogated to analyze @entity0 undergoing LRYGB before August 2010. @entity0 demographics, percentage excess @entity1 (%EWL), compliance with out- @entity0 clinic attendances and the distance the @entity0 lived from the hospital were examined. Perfect clinic attendees were compared with non-attendees and the distances @entity0 lived from the hospital evaluated. There was a significantly greater %EWL at 1 year post-op observed in the perfect attendees group (65.5 vs. 59.5, P   =   0.01). Increased %EWL was also evident at 2 years post-op but did not reach statistical significance (66.9 vs. 59.5, P   =   0.06). There was a negative correlation observed between post-operative @entity1 and distance from the bariatric centre (R   =   -0.21, P   =   0.04). Close follow-up following LRYGB is essential to optimize outcomes. Increased frequency of out- @entity0 clinic visits was associated with improved post-operative @entity1 . Increasing distance between the @entity0 's home and the bariatric centre was associated with worse post-operative @entity1 .

title: The relationship of distance from the surgical centre on attendance and XXXX after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery in the United Kingdom.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previous studies have shown that @entity7 prevents sustained @entity4 in 77% to 93% of @entity0 . To date, a study using statistical analysis to verify the drug's effectiveness has not been reported. @entity7 was given to 17 @entity0 with drug refractory sustained @entity4 . All @entity0 had serious underlying @entity2 including @entity3 (15 @entity0 ) or @entity1 (two @entity0 ). Ten @entity0 had angiographic evidence of a @entity5 . All @entity0 had @entity5 . The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 33%. In the 5.5 +/- 8.3 months prior to @entity7 , these 17 @entity0 had documented sustained @entity4 requiring countershock (41 episodes), overdrive pacing (four episodes), or intravenous drugs (three episodes). @entity7 was given as a loading dose (1 gm/day for 10 days) and a maintenance dose (200 to 600 mg/day). During a follow-up period of 8.9 +/- 5.7 months, only eight episodes occurred requiring countershock (5) or overdrive pacing (2); one @entity0 died suddenly. A statistical test constructed for this problem showed a significant (p greater than 0.001) reduced risk of experiencing a sustained @entity4 after @entity7 . This statistical model confirms previous studies showing that @entity7 prevents sustained @entity4 and prevents @entity6 .

title: XXXX and sustained @entity4 : statistical evidence of drug effectiveness.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Previous studies have shown that @entity7 prevents sustained @entity4 in 77% to 93% of @entity0 . To date, a study using statistical analysis to verify the drug's effectiveness has not been reported. @entity7 was given to 17 @entity0 with drug refractory sustained @entity4 . All @entity0 had serious underlying @entity2 including @entity3 (15 @entity0 ) or @entity1 (two @entity0 ). Ten @entity0 had angiographic evidence of a @entity5 . All @entity0 had @entity5 . The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 33%. In the 5.5 +/- 8.3 months prior to @entity7 , these 17 @entity0 had documented sustained @entity4 requiring countershock (41 episodes), overdrive pacing (four episodes), or intravenous drugs (three episodes). @entity7 was given as a loading dose (1 gm/day for 10 days) and a maintenance dose (200 to 600 mg/day). During a follow-up period of 8.9 +/- 5.7 months, only eight episodes occurred requiring countershock (5) or overdrive pacing (2); one @entity0 died suddenly. A statistical test constructed for this problem showed a significant (p greater than 0.001) reduced risk of experiencing a sustained @entity4 after @entity7 . This statistical model confirms previous studies showing that @entity7 prevents sustained @entity4 and prevents @entity6 .

title: @entity7 and sustained XXXX : statistical evidence of drug effectiveness.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Abusive @entity4 (AHT) may be missed in the clinical setting. Clinical prediction tools are used to reduce variability in practice and inform decision-making. From a systematic review and individual @entity0 data analysis we derived the Predicting Abusive @entity4 (PredAHT) tool, using multilevel logistic regression to predict likelihood of AHT. This study aims to externally validate the PredAHT tool. METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 aged <36 months admitted with an @entity5 , confirmed as abusive or nonabusive, to 2 sites used in the original model were ascertained. Details of 6 influential features were recorded ( @entity7 , @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity3 , and head or neck @entity6 ). We estimated the likelihood of an unrecorded feature being present with multiple imputation; analysis included sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Data included 133 non-AHT cases and 65 AHT cases, 97% of @entity0 were <24 months old. Consistent with original predictions, when >= 3 features were present in a @entity0 <36 months old with @entity5 , the estimated probability of AHT was >81.5% (95% CI, 63.3-91.8). The sensitivity of the tool was 72.3% (95% CI, 60.4-81.7), the specificity was 85.7% (95% CI, 78.8-90.7), area under the curve 0.88 (95% CI, 0.823-0.926). CONCLUSIONS: When tested on novel data, the PredAHT tool performed well. This tool has the potential to contribute to decision-making in these challenging cases. An implementation study is needed to explore its performance and utility within the @entity0 protection process.

title: Validation of a Prediction Tool for Abusive XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Study Objectives: This post hoc analysis evaluated the time to response that can be expected with sodium oxybate (SXB) for treatment of @entity1 and @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 . Methods: Data were from a 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial ( @entity5 ; N = 136) of oral SXB 3 g, 6 g, and 9 g nightly, and its 12-month open-label extension ( @entity4 ). Two response definitions were utilized: >= 20% improvement in ESS score ( @entity1 responders), and >= 50% reduction in weekly @entity3 attacks ( @entity3 responders). These thresholds were previously determined to be clinically relevant based on analysis of the relationship of Clinical Global Impression of Change with ESS and number of @entity3 attacks. Kaplan-Meier curves and median times to first response, based on above criteria, and to maximum response were estimated. Results: Among 86 @entity0 randomized to SXB in @entity5 and continued into @entity4 , 77.6% and 90.7% were @entity1 and @entity3 responders, respectively. The median (95% CI) times to first response were 37 (31-50) days for @entity1 and 25 (17-29) days for @entity3 , and median times to maximum response were 106 (85-164) days for @entity1 and 213 (94-279) days for @entity3 . @entity4 results among 31 @entity0 initially randomized to placebo were consistent with those treated with SXB throughout, but with longer times to maximum response. Conclusions: Response onset, assessed as clinically meaningful improvements in @entity1 and @entity3 , was observed in most @entity0 within 2 months; a longer period is needed to achieve maximum response. Clinicians should recognize that time to initial and maximum response may take weeks to months.

title: Time to Response with Sodium Oxybate for the Treatment of @entity1 ( XXXX ) and Cataplexy in @entity0 with @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Study Objectives: This post hoc analysis evaluated the time to response that can be expected with sodium oxybate (SXB) for treatment of @entity1 and @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 . Methods: Data were from a 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial ( @entity5 ; N = 136) of oral SXB 3 g, 6 g, and 9 g nightly, and its 12-month open-label extension ( @entity4 ). Two response definitions were utilized: >= 20% improvement in ESS score ( @entity1 responders), and >= 50% reduction in weekly @entity3 attacks ( @entity3 responders). These thresholds were previously determined to be clinically relevant based on analysis of the relationship of Clinical Global Impression of Change with ESS and number of @entity3 attacks. Kaplan-Meier curves and median times to first response, based on above criteria, and to maximum response were estimated. Results: Among 86 @entity0 randomized to SXB in @entity5 and continued into @entity4 , 77.6% and 90.7% were @entity1 and @entity3 responders, respectively. The median (95% CI) times to first response were 37 (31-50) days for @entity1 and 25 (17-29) days for @entity3 , and median times to maximum response were 106 (85-164) days for @entity1 and 213 (94-279) days for @entity3 . @entity4 results among 31 @entity0 initially randomized to placebo were consistent with those treated with SXB throughout, but with longer times to maximum response. Conclusions: Response onset, assessed as clinically meaningful improvements in @entity1 and @entity3 , was observed in most @entity0 within 2 months; a longer period is needed to achieve maximum response. Clinicians should recognize that time to initial and maximum response may take weeks to months.

title: Time to Response with Sodium Oxybate for the Treatment of XXXX ( @entity1 ) and Cataplexy in @entity0 with @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Study Objectives: This post hoc analysis evaluated the time to response that can be expected with sodium oxybate (SXB) for treatment of @entity1 and @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 . Methods: Data were from a 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial ( @entity5 ; N = 136) of oral SXB 3 g, 6 g, and 9 g nightly, and its 12-month open-label extension ( @entity4 ). Two response definitions were utilized: >= 20% improvement in ESS score ( @entity1 responders), and >= 50% reduction in weekly @entity3 attacks ( @entity3 responders). These thresholds were previously determined to be clinically relevant based on analysis of the relationship of Clinical Global Impression of Change with ESS and number of @entity3 attacks. Kaplan-Meier curves and median times to first response, based on above criteria, and to maximum response were estimated. Results: Among 86 @entity0 randomized to SXB in @entity5 and continued into @entity4 , 77.6% and 90.7% were @entity1 and @entity3 responders, respectively. The median (95% CI) times to first response were 37 (31-50) days for @entity1 and 25 (17-29) days for @entity3 , and median times to maximum response were 106 (85-164) days for @entity1 and 213 (94-279) days for @entity3 . @entity4 results among 31 @entity0 initially randomized to placebo were consistent with those treated with SXB throughout, but with longer times to maximum response. Conclusions: Response onset, assessed as clinically meaningful improvements in @entity1 and @entity3 , was observed in most @entity0 within 2 months; a longer period is needed to achieve maximum response. Clinicians should recognize that time to initial and maximum response may take weeks to months.

title: Time to Response with Sodium Oxybate for the Treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and Cataplexy in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Study Objectives: This post hoc analysis evaluated the time to response that can be expected with sodium oxybate (SXB) for treatment of @entity1 and @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 . Methods: Data were from a 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial ( @entity5 ; N = 136) of oral SXB 3 g, 6 g, and 9 g nightly, and its 12-month open-label extension ( @entity4 ). Two response definitions were utilized: >= 20% improvement in ESS score ( @entity1 responders), and >= 50% reduction in weekly @entity3 attacks ( @entity3 responders). These thresholds were previously determined to be clinically relevant based on analysis of the relationship of Clinical Global Impression of Change with ESS and number of @entity3 attacks. Kaplan-Meier curves and median times to first response, based on above criteria, and to maximum response were estimated. Results: Among 86 @entity0 randomized to SXB in @entity5 and continued into @entity4 , 77.6% and 90.7% were @entity1 and @entity3 responders, respectively. The median (95% CI) times to first response were 37 (31-50) days for @entity1 and 25 (17-29) days for @entity3 , and median times to maximum response were 106 (85-164) days for @entity1 and 213 (94-279) days for @entity3 . @entity4 results among 31 @entity0 initially randomized to placebo were consistent with those treated with SXB throughout, but with longer times to maximum response. Conclusions: Response onset, assessed as clinically meaningful improvements in @entity1 and @entity3 , was observed in most @entity0 within 2 months; a longer period is needed to achieve maximum response. Clinicians should recognize that time to initial and maximum response may take weeks to months.

title: Time to Response with Sodium Oxybate for the Treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and Cataplexy in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 in the @entity0 is associated with a decrease in kidney size and weight. We have shown previously that this decrease involves all nephron segments in the cortex and outer medulla and is especially pronounced in the medullary thick ascending limb ( @entity6 ). Therefore, the present study was undertaken for examination of the effect of @entity1 on the ultrastructure of the @entity0 @entity6 . @entity1 was induced by feeding @entity4 ( @entity5 ), 0.5 g/kg of food, for 4 weeks. A second group of animals received @entity5 plus a daily injection of @entity2 (T4). A third group was fed a normal diet only and served as control animals. The kidneys were preserved by in vivo perfusion with 3% @entity3 , and tissue from the inner and outer stripe of the outer medulla was processed for electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis revealed a significant decrease in the cross-sectional area of the @entity6 in both the inner and outer stripe of the outer medulla in @entity1 animals. No changes were observed in the surface density of either the apical or basolateral plasma membranes following @entity5 treatment. However, when calculated per millimeter tubule, there was a significant decrease in the surface area (SL) of both the apical and basolateral plasma membranes of the @entity6 of @entity1 animals in comparison with control animals. Simultaneous treatment with T4 prevented the @entity5 -induced reduction in both tubule cross-sectional area and in the SL of the plasma membrane. These findings suggest that the observed changes in SL of the plasma membrane of the @entity6 are due to a regulatory role of thyroid hormone in membrane proliferation as well as in cell growth in general.

title: Response of the medullary thick ascending limb to XXXX in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 in the @entity0 is associated with a decrease in kidney size and weight. We have shown previously that this decrease involves all nephron segments in the cortex and outer medulla and is especially pronounced in the medullary thick ascending limb ( @entity6 ). Therefore, the present study was undertaken for examination of the effect of @entity1 on the ultrastructure of the @entity0 @entity6 . @entity1 was induced by feeding @entity4 ( @entity5 ), 0.5 g/kg of food, for 4 weeks. A second group of animals received @entity5 plus a daily injection of @entity2 (T4). A third group was fed a normal diet only and served as control animals. The kidneys were preserved by in vivo perfusion with 3% @entity3 , and tissue from the inner and outer stripe of the outer medulla was processed for electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis revealed a significant decrease in the cross-sectional area of the @entity6 in both the inner and outer stripe of the outer medulla in @entity1 animals. No changes were observed in the surface density of either the apical or basolateral plasma membranes following @entity5 treatment. However, when calculated per millimeter tubule, there was a significant decrease in the surface area (SL) of both the apical and basolateral plasma membranes of the @entity6 of @entity1 animals in comparison with control animals. Simultaneous treatment with T4 prevented the @entity5 -induced reduction in both tubule cross-sectional area and in the SL of the plasma membrane. These findings suggest that the observed changes in SL of the plasma membrane of the @entity6 are due to a regulatory role of thyroid hormone in membrane proliferation as well as in cell growth in general.

title: Response of the medullary thick ascending limb to @entity1 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity4 is relatively rare, it is often associated with great clinical @entity2 and poor overall survival. There are controversies over factors affecting the prognosis of the disease. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate factors that may affect the therapeutic outcome and prognosis of @entity4 by reviewing the medical records of 49 @entity0 who were surgically treated in our hospital between 2001 and 2014. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic variables relative to @entity0 and @entity1 characteristics, and treatment modalities. All 49 @entity0 (24 @entity0 and 25 @entity0 ; mean age 27.6  years) underwent surgical resection, of whom 14 @entity0 also underwent postoperative radiotherapy. Local recurrence was found in 15 (48.8  %) @entity0 , and 22 (51.2  %) @entity0 died during the follow-up periods. The 5-year recurrence rate was 65  % and the survival rate was 51  %. The results of statistical analysis suggested that preoperative extraventricular drainage and surgical resection extent were prognostic factors related to progression-free survival, and that age, surgical resection extent and histological grade were closely associated with survival. Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between the symptom of @entity3 and age (P  =  0.010), and @entity0 with a better clinical status (KPS  >=   80) were significantly associated with a lower WHO grade (P  =  0.007). In conclusion, we confirmed that surgical resection extent was the major independent factor affecting both recurrence and survival of @entity0 with @entity4 , while age and WHO grade were prognostic factors affecting survival but not recurrence.

title: Analysis on therapeutic outcomes and prognostic factors of XXXX : a report of 49 clinical cases in a single center.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate @entity1 ( @entity1 ) progression rates in @entity3 with myopic optic disc appearance, @entity5 , and progressive @entity1 changes and to compare the rates with those of a nonmyopic group. @entity0 AND METHODS: Data on 158 eyes from 131 @entity0 with @entity4 who had progressive @entity1 deterioration during follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. The myopic and nonmyopic groups were compared in terms of rates of change of mean thresholds in global and regional areas using central 10 degrees, peripheral 10 to 24 degrees, and @entity2 hemifield test maps by using a linear-mixed model and controlling for confounding covariates. Clinical factors associated with rapid @entity1 progression at global and regional @entity1 areas were investigated in each group. RESULTS: The 2 groups did not significantly differ in the mean global @entity1 progression rate (-0.36 vs. -0.35 dB/y, respectively; P=0.951). Likewise, both groups showed similar @entity1 progression rates at all regional clusters (P>0.05). No significant association was found between the rate of @entity1 change and clinical factors in the myopic group. The mean follow-up intraocular pressure was significantly associated with @entity1 progression rates in the nonmyopic group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 eyes with myopic optic disc appearance experiencing progressive @entity1 changes showed similar @entity1 progression rates globally and regionally when compared with nonmyopic eyes after controlling for clinical factors related to @entity1 progression. None of the clinical factors in the myopic group were significantly associated with @entity1 progression rate, whereas the mean follow-up intraocular pressure was in the nonmyopic group.

title: Is Myopic Optic Disc Appearance a Risk Factor for Rapid Progression in Medically Treated XXXX With Confirmed Visual Field Progression?

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The majority of @entity0 mild @entity2 (mTBI; 70%) lack radiological evidence of injury, yet may present long term cognitive, and @entity3 . With the hypothesis of evident damaged neural tissue and immunological consequences during acute phase of mTBI, we used closed skull weight-drop TBI model to address @entity0 mTBI condition. Serum cytokines ( @entity5 , @entity8 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) expression were examined at day 0 (control, @entity1 ), 4h, day 1, day 3 and day 5 post injury (PI). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed at similar timepoints to identify neuroinflammation translation into imaging abnormalities and monitor injury progression. DTI indices including @entity10 ( @entity10 ), radial diffusivity (RD), fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity values were quantified from @entity7 ( @entity7 ), hippocampus and corpus callosum regions. One way ANOVA showed significant increase in @entity5 at 4h and @entity8 at day 1 PI as compared to control. @entity6 (+) cells were significantly increased at day 3 and day 5 as compared to control in @entity7 . Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant decreases in @entity10 , RD values in @entity7 at day 3 and day 5 as compared to day 0. A significant, inverse correlation was observed between cortical @entity10 (r=-0.74, p=0.01), @entity4 (r=-0.60, p=0.03) and RD (r=-0.72, p=0.01) values with mean @entity6 (+) cells in the cortical region. These findings suggest that mTBI leads to elevated cytokine expression and subsequent @entity9 of astrocytic processes. The increased numbers of reactive glial cells contribute diffusion restrictions in the CNS leading to reduced @entity10 and RD values. These findings are in line with the deficits and pathologies associated with clinical mTBI, and support the use of mTBI model to address pathology and therapeutic options.

title: Longitudinal changes in the DTI measures, anti- @entity6 expression and levels of serum inflammatory cytokines following mild XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The majority of @entity0 mild @entity2 (mTBI; 70%) lack radiological evidence of injury, yet may present long term cognitive, and @entity3 . With the hypothesis of evident damaged neural tissue and immunological consequences during acute phase of mTBI, we used closed skull weight-drop TBI model to address @entity0 mTBI condition. Serum cytokines ( @entity5 , @entity8 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) expression were examined at day 0 (control, @entity1 ), 4h, day 1, day 3 and day 5 post injury (PI). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed at similar timepoints to identify neuroinflammation translation into imaging abnormalities and monitor injury progression. DTI indices including @entity10 ( @entity10 ), radial diffusivity (RD), fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity values were quantified from @entity7 ( @entity7 ), hippocampus and corpus callosum regions. One way ANOVA showed significant increase in @entity5 at 4h and @entity8 at day 1 PI as compared to control. @entity6 (+) cells were significantly increased at day 3 and day 5 as compared to control in @entity7 . Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant decreases in @entity10 , RD values in @entity7 at day 3 and day 5 as compared to day 0. A significant, inverse correlation was observed between cortical @entity10 (r=-0.74, p=0.01), @entity4 (r=-0.60, p=0.03) and RD (r=-0.72, p=0.01) values with mean @entity6 (+) cells in the cortical region. These findings suggest that mTBI leads to elevated cytokine expression and subsequent @entity9 of astrocytic processes. The increased numbers of reactive glial cells contribute diffusion restrictions in the CNS leading to reduced @entity10 and RD values. These findings are in line with the deficits and pathologies associated with clinical mTBI, and support the use of mTBI model to address pathology and therapeutic options.

title: Longitudinal changes in the DTI measures, anti- XXXX expression and levels of serum inflammatory cytokines following mild @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The @entity3 lung fibroblast cell line (CC139) has high anchorage @entity2 for growth and has retained the high serum @entity2 of secondary cultures of adult fibroblasts. This cell line is tumorigenic in @entity1 ; however, the resulting @entity0 cells have different properties than those of the cell line injected. The @entity0 -derived cells had strongly reduced or even lost both the high anchorage and the high serum @entity2 of CC139 cells. This finding suggests that an in vivo selection is necessary for CC139 cells to acquire the malignant phenotype. After mutagenesis, which increases the frequency of CC139 colony formation in agarose up to 8-fold, we selected and analyzed 15 anchorage-independent colonies. No correlation between the colony-forming ability in agarose and serum-growth factor requirement for DNA synthesis was observed. Each of these clones were injected into @entity1 and the growth factor @entity2 of the ensuing @entity0 cells was compared to that of corresponding injected cells. All of the anchorage-independent colonies with the exception of one (A71), had acquired in vivo a stable phenotype allowing for partial or total escape of growth factor requirement. A71, the only clone which maintained the same growth factor requirement after two passages in vivo (A71 T1 and A71 T2) had already gained, in vitro, the minimal growth factor "relaxation" compatible with in vivo growth. A71 and A71 T1 @entity0 cells arrested in G0/G1 can reinitiate DNA synthesis in the presence of @entity1 plasma, low concentrations of serum, or thrombin. The fact that none of the @entity0 analyzed (more than 20) were found to have retained the high serum @entity2 of CC139 cells strongly suggests that the partial loss of serum growth factor requirement acquired in vivo is an essential malignant character for bypassing the hormonal growth restraints imposed by the host upon CC139 cells.

title: Emergence of hamster fibroblast XXXX in @entity1 --evidence for in vivo selection leading to loss of growth factor requirement.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity3 lung fibroblast cell line (CC139) has high anchorage @entity2 for growth and has retained the high serum @entity2 of secondary cultures of adult fibroblasts. This cell line is tumorigenic in @entity1 ; however, the resulting @entity0 cells have different properties than those of the cell line injected. The @entity0 -derived cells had strongly reduced or even lost both the high anchorage and the high serum @entity2 of CC139 cells. This finding suggests that an in vivo selection is necessary for CC139 cells to acquire the malignant phenotype. After mutagenesis, which increases the frequency of CC139 colony formation in agarose up to 8-fold, we selected and analyzed 15 anchorage-independent colonies. No correlation between the colony-forming ability in agarose and serum-growth factor requirement for DNA synthesis was observed. Each of these clones were injected into @entity1 and the growth factor @entity2 of the ensuing @entity0 cells was compared to that of corresponding injected cells. All of the anchorage-independent colonies with the exception of one (A71), had acquired in vivo a stable phenotype allowing for partial or total escape of growth factor requirement. A71, the only clone which maintained the same growth factor requirement after two passages in vivo (A71 T1 and A71 T2) had already gained, in vitro, the minimal growth factor "relaxation" compatible with in vivo growth. A71 and A71 T1 @entity0 cells arrested in G0/G1 can reinitiate DNA synthesis in the presence of @entity1 plasma, low concentrations of serum, or thrombin. The fact that none of the @entity0 analyzed (more than 20) were found to have retained the high serum @entity2 of CC139 cells strongly suggests that the partial loss of serum growth factor requirement acquired in vivo is an essential malignant character for bypassing the hormonal growth restraints imposed by the host upon CC139 cells.

title: Emergence of hamster fibroblast @entity0 in XXXX --evidence for in vivo selection leading to loss of growth factor requirement.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Study Objectives: To investigate the correlates of @entity1 and to assess @entity5 treatment effects of @entity4 on @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Design: A cross-sectional study in @entity0 with @entity6 within 2 w post- @entity6 , and a 24-w double-blind controlled trial of @entity5 against placebo for @entity0 with @entity6 who have comorbid @entity4 . Setting: A university hospital in South Korea. @entity0 : There were 1,152 @entity0 with @entity6 who were consecutively recruited. Of 446 @entity0 with comorbid @entity4 , 300 were randomized to the trial. Measurements and Results: Sleep disturbance was evaluated by the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire. Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed, including cardiovascular risk factors, current @entity3 , and @entity4 . @entity4 were most strongly and consistently associated with @entity1 . In addition, older age, female sex, @entity2 , and more severe @entity6 status were associated with certain aspects of @entity1 . @entity5 was significantly superior to placebo for improving @entity1 over the 24-w treatment period. These effects were substantially explained by improvement in @entity4 . Conclusions: @entity4 screening is indicated in @entity0 with @entity6 with @entity1 . Successful treatment of @entity4 has beneficial effects on sleep outcomes in these @entity0 .

title: Correlates and XXXX Treatment Effects on Sleep Disturbance in @entity0 With @entity6 : K-DEPACS and EsDEPACS.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Study Objectives: To investigate the correlates of @entity1 and to assess @entity5 treatment effects of @entity4 on @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Design: A cross-sectional study in @entity0 with @entity6 within 2 w post- @entity6 , and a 24-w double-blind controlled trial of @entity5 against placebo for @entity0 with @entity6 who have comorbid @entity4 . Setting: A university hospital in South Korea. @entity0 : There were 1,152 @entity0 with @entity6 who were consecutively recruited. Of 446 @entity0 with comorbid @entity4 , 300 were randomized to the trial. Measurements and Results: Sleep disturbance was evaluated by the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire. Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed, including cardiovascular risk factors, current @entity3 , and @entity4 . @entity4 were most strongly and consistently associated with @entity1 . In addition, older age, female sex, @entity2 , and more severe @entity6 status were associated with certain aspects of @entity1 . @entity5 was significantly superior to placebo for improving @entity1 over the 24-w treatment period. These effects were substantially explained by improvement in @entity4 . Conclusions: @entity4 screening is indicated in @entity0 with @entity6 with @entity1 . Successful treatment of @entity4 has beneficial effects on sleep outcomes in these @entity0 .

title: Correlates and @entity5 Treatment Effects on Sleep Disturbance in @entity0 With XXXX : K-DEPACS and EsDEPACS.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Study Objectives: To investigate the correlates of @entity1 and to assess @entity5 treatment effects of @entity4 on @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Design: A cross-sectional study in @entity0 with @entity6 within 2 w post- @entity6 , and a 24-w double-blind controlled trial of @entity5 against placebo for @entity0 with @entity6 who have comorbid @entity4 . Setting: A university hospital in South Korea. @entity0 : There were 1,152 @entity0 with @entity6 who were consecutively recruited. Of 446 @entity0 with comorbid @entity4 , 300 were randomized to the trial. Measurements and Results: Sleep disturbance was evaluated by the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire. Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed, including cardiovascular risk factors, current @entity3 , and @entity4 . @entity4 were most strongly and consistently associated with @entity1 . In addition, older age, female sex, @entity2 , and more severe @entity6 status were associated with certain aspects of @entity1 . @entity5 was significantly superior to placebo for improving @entity1 over the 24-w treatment period. These effects were substantially explained by improvement in @entity4 . Conclusions: @entity4 screening is indicated in @entity0 with @entity6 with @entity1 . Successful treatment of @entity4 has beneficial effects on sleep outcomes in these @entity0 .

title: Correlates and @entity5 Treatment Effects on Sleep Disturbance in XXXX With @entity6 : K-DEPACS and EsDEPACS.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Predictive factors for efficacy of bevacizumab in advanced @entity1 have remained elusive. We investigated @entity2 both as a prognostic factor and as a predictor of efficacy for bevacizumab. METHODS: Using data from GOG 0218, @entity0 receiving cytotoxic therapy plus concurrent and maintenance bevacizumab were compared to those receiving cytotoxic therapy plus placebo. The presence of @entity2 was determined prospectively. Chi-square and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests compared baseline variables between subgroups. Survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate independent prognostic factors and estimate their covariate-adjusted effects on survival. RESULTS: Treatment arms were balanced with respect to @entity2 and other prognostic factors. Overall, 886 (80%) @entity0 had @entity2 , 221 (20%) did not. Those with @entity2 were more likely to have: poorer performance status (p<0.001); serous histology (p=0.012); higher baseline @entity4 (p<0.001); and suboptimal cytoreduction (p=0.004). In multivariate survival analysis, @entity2 was prognostic of poor @entity3 (Adjusted HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.00-1.48, p=0.045), but not PFS. In predictive analysis, @entity0 without @entity2 treated with bevacizumab had no significant improvement in either PFS (AHR 0.81, 95% CI 0.59-1.10, p=0.18) or @entity3 (AHR 0.94, 95% CI 0.65-1.36, p=0.76). @entity0 with @entity2 treated with bevacizumab had significantly improved PFS (AHR 0.71, 95% CI 0.62-0.81, p<0.001) and @entity3 (AHR 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.96, p=0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Ascites in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 is prognostic of poor overall survival. Ascites may predict the population of @entity0 more likely to derive long-term benefit from bevacizumab.

title: Ascites predicts treatment benefit of bevacizumab in front-line therapy of advanced epithelial XXXX : An NRG Oncology/GOG study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aim   Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity4 due to a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) presents one of the main postoperative complications of the supraorbital keyhole approach. The goal of this study was to further analyze the actual surgical morbidity and potential risk for @entity0 due to an opened @entity1 after a surgery via a supraorbital craniotomy and compare the results with data published in the current literature. Methods and @entity0   A total of 350 consecutive @entity0 who underwent surgeries via the supraorbital keyhole approach for various lesions were included in this retrospective study. Information on clinical history, neurologic symptoms, surgical @entity2 was obtained retrospectively by a review of the @entity0 ' charts, the radiologic reports, and a thorough review of pre- and postoperative cranial computed tomography (CCT) imaging. Results   The frequency of CSF @entity4 after this type of craniotomy in the literature is reported to range between 0% and 9.1%. In this study, analysis of postoperative CCT scans revealed that 88 @entity0 (25.1%) showed a radiographic breach of the @entity1 . Only 8 of these @entity0 (2.3%) developed a CSF leak with @entity4 postoperatively. In all cases conservative treatment with lumbar drainage failed, and therefore a surgical revision for permanent closure was required. Only one @entity0 (0.3%) with a CSF leak also developed @entity3 . Conclusion   Inadvertent opening of the @entity1 during the supraorbital craniotomy is a common surgery-related morbidity; however, the risk for the @entity0 to develop a potentially dangerous @entity3 was found to be minimal.

title: Supraorbital Keyhole Approach to the Skull Base: Evaluation of Complications Related to CSF Fistulas and Opened Frontal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study was to test the effect of lipid store mobilization on changes in @entity10 body metabolism in pregnant @entity0 . Related blood parameters were studied in pregnant animals fed either ad libitum or submitted between days 21 of gestation and parturition first to 50% food restriction for 4 days and then to a complete fast. Ketogenesis from @entity8 , @entity9 and endogenous substrates was measured on days 0, 8, 18 and 28 of gestation in isolated liver cells prepared from females fasted for 48 h. In the does fed ad libitum, the concentration of non-esterified @entity5 (NEFA) was higher than in non-pregnant animals and then increased about 2-fold in the last week before term. Total @entity10 body concentrations increased slightly but significantly from day 27 until term. In the same period, glycemia decreased significantly. No variations were observed in @entity2 , @entity7 and total @entity6 concentrations. Food restriction on days 21 to 24 induced a quick rise in the plasma concentrations of NEFA, @entity10 bodies and @entity1 . Further fasting resulted in the development of hyperketonemia which was more than 3 times that observed during prolonged fasting in non-pregnant @entity0 . There was no further increase in plasma NEFA level after day 27 of gestation. Food restriction and fasting decreased only the plasma level of total @entity4 but had no significant effect on plasma concentrations of @entity2 and @entity7 . In isolated liver cells, a marked and significant increase in the rate of ketogenesis from @entity8 , @entity9 and endogenous substrates was noted on day 28 of gestation in comparison with the preceding periods. It is concluded that @entity3 was enhanced in late gestation, particularly with restricted feeding or in fasted animals; this enhancement was partly related to the increase of plasma NEFA concentrations and partly to the enhancement of hepatic ketogenesis in the mothers. The fact that the rate of hepatic ketogenesis was increased equally with @entity9 and @entity8 indicated that it could not be explained by a modification of @entity11 transferase activity as @entity9 directly crosses the mitochondrial membrane without using this pathway.

title: @entity10 body metabolism during pregnancy in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to test the effect of lipid store mobilization on changes in @entity10 body metabolism in pregnant @entity0 . Related blood parameters were studied in pregnant animals fed either ad libitum or submitted between days 21 of gestation and parturition first to 50% food restriction for 4 days and then to a complete fast. Ketogenesis from @entity8 , @entity9 and endogenous substrates was measured on days 0, 8, 18 and 28 of gestation in isolated liver cells prepared from females fasted for 48 h. In the does fed ad libitum, the concentration of non-esterified @entity5 (NEFA) was higher than in non-pregnant animals and then increased about 2-fold in the last week before term. Total @entity10 body concentrations increased slightly but significantly from day 27 until term. In the same period, glycemia decreased significantly. No variations were observed in @entity2 , @entity7 and total @entity6 concentrations. Food restriction on days 21 to 24 induced a quick rise in the plasma concentrations of NEFA, @entity10 bodies and @entity1 . Further fasting resulted in the development of hyperketonemia which was more than 3 times that observed during prolonged fasting in non-pregnant @entity0 . There was no further increase in plasma NEFA level after day 27 of gestation. Food restriction and fasting decreased only the plasma level of total @entity4 but had no significant effect on plasma concentrations of @entity2 and @entity7 . In isolated liver cells, a marked and significant increase in the rate of ketogenesis from @entity8 , @entity9 and endogenous substrates was noted on day 28 of gestation in comparison with the preceding periods. It is concluded that @entity3 was enhanced in late gestation, particularly with restricted feeding or in fasted animals; this enhancement was partly related to the increase of plasma NEFA concentrations and partly to the enhancement of hepatic ketogenesis in the mothers. The fact that the rate of hepatic ketogenesis was increased equally with @entity9 and @entity8 indicated that it could not be explained by a modification of @entity11 transferase activity as @entity9 directly crosses the mitochondrial membrane without using this pathway.

title: XXXX body metabolism during pregnancy in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and predictors of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) after Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and to assess its functional and oncological outcomes. METHODS: A prospectively maintained database was reviewed for cases with @entity2 at the time of HoLEP. @entity0 with preoperative PCa were excluded. @entity0 were divided into two groups based on the presence (group I [GI]) or absence of @entity1 (group II [GII]) in histopathology. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Of 1242 @entity0 , 70 (5.64%) were identified to have @entity2 . Prostate size was comparable between both groups. GI @entity0 had significantly higher preoperative @entity4 (PSA) and total PSA density (tPSAD) compared to @entity1 -free @entity0 . T1a and T1b @entity3 were detected in 54 (77.1%) and 16 (22.9%) @entity0 , respectively. After a median follow-up of 48 (1-171) months, both groups were comparable in all functional outcomes but the quality of life was significantly better in GII. @entity0 ' age and preoperative tPSAD independently predicted @entity2 after HoLEP. A tPSAD cutoff value of 0.092 has a sensitivity and specificity of 0.83 and 0.67, respectively. Seven @entity0 (11.7%) needed adjuvant therapy while other GI @entity0 opted for active surveillance. The Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated an overall survival of 72.8% at 5 years and 63.5% at 10 years for @entity0 with PCa. CONCLUSION: PCa is not uncommonly identified after HoLEP, even in those with negative preoperative biopsies. In older @entity0 , total PSAD could be a predictor using a cutoff <0.1. After HoLEP, active surveillance for low-grade PCa carries good functional and oncological outcomes.

title: Incidental XXXX Diagnosis During Holmium Laser Enucleation: Assessment of Predictors, Survival, and Disease Progression.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Bacteria deficient in the @entity3 from starved cells (Dps) are viable under controlled conditions but show dramatically increased mortality rates when exposed to any of a wide range of stresses, including starvation, oxidative stress, metal @entity1 , or thermal stress. It remains unclear whether the protective action of Dps against specific stresses derives from its DNA-binding activity, which may exclude destructive agents from the chromosomal region, or its ferroxidase activity, which neutralizes and sequesters potentially damaging chemical species. To resolve this question, we have identified the critical residues of @entity2 Dps that bind to DNA and modulate @entity0 oxidation. We uncoupled the biochemical activities of Dps, creating Dps variants and mutant @entity2 strains that are defective in either DNA-binding or ferroxidase activity. Quantification of the contribution of each activity to the protection of DNA integrity and cellular viability revealed that both activities of Dps are required in order to counteract many differing stresses. These findings demonstrate that Dps plays a multipurpose role in stress protection via its dual activities, explaining how Dps can be of vital importance to bacterial viability over a wide range of stresses. IMPORTANCE: The @entity3 from starved cells (Dps) protects bacterial cells against many different types of stressors. We find that DNA binding and @entity0 oxidation by Dps are performed completely independently of each other. Both biochemical activities are required to protect @entity2 against stressors, as well as to protect DNA from oxidative damage in vitro. These results suggest that many stressors may cause both oxidative stress and direct DNA damage.

title: The XXXX from Starved Cells (Dps) Utilizes Dual Functions To Defend Cells against Multiple Stresses.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of training programs on the care and maintenance of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has been assessed mainly in @entity0 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Data on the impact of such programs in a whole general hospital are scarce. The objective of this study was to assess compliance with @entity2 care after an extensive training program aimed at nurses caring for adult ICU and non-ICU @entity0 . METHODS: We performed 2 point prevalence studies in a general hospital. A specialized nurse visited all hospitalized adult @entity0 , performed a bedside inspection, and reviewed the nursing records for @entity0 with a @entity2 before and after a 1-year training program. The program included an interactive on-line teaching component and distribution of pocket leaflets and posters with recommendations on @entity2 care. RESULTS: Data recorded for the first and second prevalence studies were as follows: number of @entity0 visited, 753 vs. 682; total number of @entity0 with   >=    1 @entity2 implanted on the visit day, 653 (86.7%) vs 585 (85.8%); catheters considered unnecessary on the study day, 183 (22.9%) vs 48 (7.1%) (p   <   0.001); number of catheters with local clinical evidence of @entity1 on the study day, 18 (2.2%) vs 12 (1.8%) (p   =   0.52); registration of insertion day (42.3% vs 50.1%; p   =   0.003); and registration of day of dressing change (41.2% vs 49.1%; p   =   0.003). Maintenance parameters improved more in non-ICU than in ICU @entity0 . CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary teaching program to improve @entity2 care and compliance with recommendations is effective. Point prevalence studies are easy to carry out and effective at demonstrating increases in compliance, mainly in non-ICU @entity0 .

title: Effectiveness of a training program in compliance with recommendations for XXXX care.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of an ultra-low-cost uterine balloon tamponade package (ESM-UBT   ) for facility-based management of uncontrolled postpartum @entity2 (PPH) in Kenya, Sierra Leone, Senegal, and Nepal. DESIGN: Prospective multi-centre case series. SETTING: Facilities in resource-scarce areas of Kenya, Sierra Leone, Nepal, and Senegal. POPULATION: @entity0 with uncontrolled postpartum @entity2 in 307 facilities across the four countries. METHODS: A standardised ESM-UBT package was implemented in 307 facilities over 29  months (1 September 2012 to 1 February 2015). Data were collected via a multi-pronged approach including data card completion, chart reviews, and provider interviews. Beginning in August 2014, @entity0 who had previously undergone UBT placement were sought and queried regarding potential complications associated with UBT use. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All-cause survival, survival from PPH, and post-UBT use complications (surgery, hospitalisation, antibiotics for @entity3 ) associated with UBT use. RESULTS: 201 UBTs were placed for uncontrolled vaginal @entity2 refractory to all other interventions. In all, 38% (71/188) of @entity0 were either unconscious or confused at the time of UBT insertion. All-cause survival was 95% (190/201). However, 98% (160/163) of @entity0 survived uncontrolled PPH if delivery occurred at an ESM-UBT online facility. One (1/151) potential UBT-associated complication (postpartum @entity4 ) was identified and two improvised UBTs were placed in @entity0 with a @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These pilot data suggest that the ESM-UBT package is a clinically promising and safe method to arrest uncontrolled postpartum @entity2 and save @entity0 's lives. The UBT was successfully placed by all levels of facility-based providers. Future studies are needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of ESM-UBT in low-resource settings. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Evidence for ESM-UBT as a clinically promising and safe method to arrest uncontrolled PPH and save @entity0 's lives.

title: A postpartum XXXX package with condom uterine balloon tamponade: a prospective multi-centre case series in Kenya, Sierra Leone, Senegal, and Nepal.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Ease of denture cleaning is of paramount importance in geriatric @entity0 and those with limited dexterity. We have previously investigated methods of coating dentures with @entity6 ( @entity4 ) and reported the effects (self-cleaning and antibacterial) of such treatments in in  vitro studies. This study was to verify the biocompatibility of a @entity4 -coated acrylic resin produced by the new coating method with spray-coating technique. METHODS: Specimens were prepared from denture base acrylic resin and polished up to grit #1000. The @entity4 -coating agent was sprayed onto the specimens using an airbrush gun. Specimens were then divided into ' @entity5 (PMMA)', 'primer-coated PMMA' and ' @entity4 -coated PMMA' groups to be evaluated for biological safety using a hamster oral mucosa @entity2 test, a @entity3 skin sensitisation test and a @entity1 intracutaneous test. The biological reaction was scored. RESULTS: Reaction scores were considerably <1.0, the acceptable limit set by the @entity7 , in all three tests. Indeed, in most samples, there was no deleterious effect at all. CONCLUSION: These results tested on animals demonstrate that denture base resin coated with @entity4 by this method does not cause @entity2 or sensitisation of the oral mucosa, skin or intracutaneous tissue and is therefore good biocompatibility for use in close proximity to oral mucosa and skin.

title: Biocompatibility of a XXXX -coating method for denture base acrylic resin.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is quick and easy tests to assess @entity0 ' functional mobility. However, its reliability in individuals with @entity2 ( @entity1 ) has not been well established. The aims of this study were to determine the reliability and minimal detectable change of the TUG test in individuals with doubtful to moderate (Grade 1-3) knee @entity1 . METHODS: Sixty-five subjects (25 male, 40 female), aged 45-70 years, with knee @entity1 participated. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using two observers at different times of the same day in an alternating order. Intra-rater reliability was assessed on two consecutive visits with a 2-day interval. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change (MDC) were calculated to determine statistically meaningful changes. RESULTS: Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were 0.97 (95  % confidence interval [CI], 0.95 - 0.98) and 0.96 (95  % confidence interval [CI], 0.94 - 0.97), respectively. The MDC, based on measurements by a single rater and between raters, was 1.10 and 1.14  seconds, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The TUG is a reliable test with adequate MDC for clinical use in individuals with doubtful to moderate knee @entity1 .

title: The reliability and minimal detectable change of Timed Up and Go test in individuals with grade 1 - 3 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the present population-based analysis was to assess survival patterns in @entity0 with resected and metastatic @entity3 . METHODS: @entity0 with histologically proven @entity3 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 1998 through 2011. Survival was determined applying Kaplan-Meier-estimates and multivariable Cox-regression analyses. The impact of size and mitotic count on survival was assessed with a generalized receiver-operating characteristic-analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 5138 @entity0 were included. Median age was 62  years (range: 18-101 years), 47.3  % were female, 68.8  % Caucasians. @entity3 location was in the stomach in 58.7  % and small bowel in 31.2  %. Lymph node and distant @entity1 were found in 5.1 and 18.0  %, respectively. For non-metastatic @entity3 , three-year overall survival increased from 68.5  % (95 % CI: 58.8-79.8  %) in 1998 to 88.6  % (95 % CI: 85.3-92.0  %) in 2008, @entity2 -specific survival from 75.3  % (95 % CI: 66.1-85.9  %) in 1998 to 92.2  % (95 % CI: 89.4-95.1  %) in 2008. For metastatic @entity3 , three-year overall survival increased from 15.0  % (95 % CI: 5.3-42.6  %) in 1998 to 54.7  % (95 % CI: 44.4-67.3  %) in 2008, @entity2 -specific survival from 15.0  % (95 % CI: 5.3-42.6  %) in 1998 to 61.9  % (95 % CI: 51.4-74.5  %) in 2008 (all PTrend   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first SEER trend analysis assessing outcomes in a large cohort of @entity3 @entity0 over a 11-year time period. The analysis provides compelling evidence of a statistically significant and clinically relevant increase in overall and @entity2 -specific survival from 1998 to 2008, both for resected as well as metastatic @entity3 .

title: Population-based SEER trend analysis of overall and XXXX -specific survival in 5138 @entity0 with gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the present population-based analysis was to assess survival patterns in @entity0 with resected and metastatic @entity3 . METHODS: @entity0 with histologically proven @entity3 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 1998 through 2011. Survival was determined applying Kaplan-Meier-estimates and multivariable Cox-regression analyses. The impact of size and mitotic count on survival was assessed with a generalized receiver-operating characteristic-analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 5138 @entity0 were included. Median age was 62  years (range: 18-101 years), 47.3  % were female, 68.8  % Caucasians. @entity3 location was in the stomach in 58.7  % and small bowel in 31.2  %. Lymph node and distant @entity1 were found in 5.1 and 18.0  %, respectively. For non-metastatic @entity3 , three-year overall survival increased from 68.5  % (95 % CI: 58.8-79.8  %) in 1998 to 88.6  % (95 % CI: 85.3-92.0  %) in 2008, @entity2 -specific survival from 75.3  % (95 % CI: 66.1-85.9  %) in 1998 to 92.2  % (95 % CI: 89.4-95.1  %) in 2008. For metastatic @entity3 , three-year overall survival increased from 15.0  % (95 % CI: 5.3-42.6  %) in 1998 to 54.7  % (95 % CI: 44.4-67.3  %) in 2008, @entity2 -specific survival from 15.0  % (95 % CI: 5.3-42.6  %) in 1998 to 61.9  % (95 % CI: 51.4-74.5  %) in 2008 (all PTrend   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first SEER trend analysis assessing outcomes in a large cohort of @entity3 @entity0 over a 11-year time period. The analysis provides compelling evidence of a statistically significant and clinically relevant increase in overall and @entity2 -specific survival from 1998 to 2008, both for resected as well as metastatic @entity3 .

title: Population-based SEER trend analysis of overall and @entity2 -specific survival in 5138 XXXX with gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The extensibility of the pulmonary artery (PA) were examined using a combined hemodynamic and ultrasonic technique in 14 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), three with @entity1 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ), 17 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 11 with @entity3 and @entity2 . Seven @entity0 with neither intracardiac shunt nor @entity2 served as controls. The tension (T) of PA was measured as the product of the pressure and the diameter (D) and was found to be high in the @entity0 with intracardiac shunt. The resting diameter of PA (D0) was calculated as the intersect with the D axis in the regression line of PA tension-diameter relation. The Lagrangian strain of PA [(D--D0)/D0] was obtained using D0 and correlated with T yielding a linear regression equation. The elastic modulus (E) was obtained as the slope of this equation. E in the @entity0 with @entity1 [(1.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(5) dynes/cm] or @entity3 [(9.8 +/- 4.6) x 10(4) dynes/cm] were slightly higher than that of the control [(6.7 +/- 2.9) x 10(4) dynes/cm], but these differences were not statistically significant. However, E in the @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity2 [(2.5 +/- 1.3) x 10(5) dynes/cm] or in the @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 [(2.6 +/- 0.9) x 10(5) dynes/cm] were significantly higher than the control. E seemed unlikely to be causally related to the resistance of PA capillary beds, and was suggested to be influenced by the histological changes of the pulmonary trunk. It was concluded that the extensibility of PA in the @entity0 with @entity1 or @entity3 was not altered secondary to the increased blood flow unless @entity2 was associated.

title: Pulmonary arterial extensibility in XXXX with intracardiac left to right shunt.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The appendix, considered an intestinal microbiota reservoir, may be protective against the risk of fulminant @entity2 @entity1 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed in @entity0 with @entity2 @entity1 at St. Francis Medical Center from 2007 to 2011. Outcome of @entity1 and history of appendectomy were compared. Statistical analysis was by chi-square and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: In total, 507 @entity0 were hospitalized for @entity2 . Of 388 @entity0 with intact appendix, 20 (5.2%) developed fulminant @entity1 and required colectomy, whereas of 119 @entity0 with previous appendectomy, 13 (10.9%) required colectomy. An increased severity of disease, indicated by increased rate of colectomy, occurred for the group with a history of appendectomy (P = .03). Age and sex were adjusted by multivariant regression (P = .05). CONCLUSIONS: Appendectomy may be a risk factor for increased severity of @entity2 @entity1 . Although the mechanism is unknown, further studies are warranted.

title: Appendectomy: a risk factor for colectomy in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2