abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The Bispectral Index Monitor has been validated as an objective measure of sedation depth in the operating room; however, its value for states other than general anesthesia remains unclear. We hypothesized that bispectral index monitoring would reliably correlate with traditional definitions of sedation depth in emergency department @entity0 undergoing procedural sedation and @entity1 . METHODS: In this prospective observational study we measured the Bispectral Index score and a modified Ramsay Sedation Scale score every 5 minutes in a convenience sample of adult @entity2 @entity0 undergoing procedural sedation and @entity1 . Investigators and treating physicians were blinded to Bispectral Index scores, which were later correlated with modified Ramsay Sedation Scale scores. We constructed receiver operating characteristic curves to determine the most discriminatory Bispectral Index score thresholds for sedation depth. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy paired readings were obtained from 37 @entity0 . Despite being statistically significant (P <.0005), the correlation between the Bispectral Index Monitor and modified Ramsay Sedation Scale scores was only moderate (Spearman rho=-0.690) and displayed wide variability. A modified Ramsay Sedation Scale score consistent with mild-to-moderate sedation corresponded to Bispectral Index scores of 34 (general anesthesia) to 98 (fully awake), whereas a modified Ramsay Sedation Scale score consistent with deep sedation corresponded to Bispectral Index scores of 40 to 98. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated moderate (0.83 to 0.86) discriminatory power at all modified Ramsay Sedation Scale thresholds, with the exception of a modified Ramsay Sedation Scale score of 7 or less, which demonstrated high discriminatory power (0.95). A Bispectral Index score of greater than 83 reliably excluded general anesthesia, and a Bispectral Index score of 70 or less reliably identified general anesthesia. CONCLUSION: Bispectral index monitoring reliably predicted @entity0 undergoing procedural sedation and @entity1 who were sedated to the point of general anesthesia from those with lesser degrees of sedation but did not discriminate mild-to-moderate sedation or moderate-to-deep sedation, as measured by the Ramsay Sedation Scale score for the @entity0 undergoing procedural sedation and @entity1 in our @entity2 .

title: A study of the Bispectral Index Monitor during procedural sedation and XXXX in the emergency department.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dividing or "laying open" of the tract for @entity2 is simple and effective and entails low risk of complication, but little is known of the functional and manometric results. This study assessed the clinical and manometric effect of this surgery on anal sphincter function. @entity0 AND METHODS: The study examined 45 adults undergoing surgical treatment for intersphincteral @entity1 . We administered the questionnaire for continence score and performed anorectal manometry before the operation and at least 6 months after the operation. The operative method was laying open of the @entity1 tract and trimming the redundant anoderm for adequate drainage of the wound in all cases. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in maximal resting anal pressure and in resting pressure throughout the distal 2 cm of the anal canal after operation. The maximal contractile pressure after operation was similar to that before operation. Continence control was significantly poorer in @entity0 and @entity0 who had lower preoperative resting pressure. Multivariate analysis showed lower preoperative resting pressure to be the only independent factor for impaired continence control after @entity1 surgery. CONCLUSION: Although laying open of the @entity1 tract is a simple and effective therapy for @entity2 , it should be more conservative for @entity0 with low resting anal pressure.

title: Change in anal continence after surgery for XXXX : a functional and manometric study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survivors of childhood @entity7 (CBTs) are at high risk for a variety of late adverse effects. Most research on long-term effects of CBTs has been comprised of single-institution case series without comparison groups. Research on @entity11 late effects often is focused on neurologic and sensory outcomes, with less emphasis on other potential targets such as the endocrine and circulatory systems. The current study was conducted to contrast the incidence of endocrine and @entity3 among @entity11 survivors as a function of treatment and to determine the risk of occurrence of these conditions relative to a sibling comparison group. METHODS: As part of the @entity1 Survivor Study (CCSS), treatment data were collected from medical records and self-reported late effects were ascertained from a survey questionnaire of 1,607 @entity11 @entity0 who survived their disease for 5 or more years. For comparison purposes, questionnaire data were also collected from 3418 randomly selected siblings of @entity0 in CCSS. RESULTS: One or more endocrine conditions were reported by 43% of @entity11 survivors. Compared with siblings, @entity11 survivors had a significantly increased risk of late-onset (>/= 5 years postdiagnosis) @entity8 (relative risk [RR] = 14.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.7-21.0), @entity9 (RR = 277.8; 95% CI 111.1-694.9), the need for medications to induce puberty (RR = 86.1; 95% CI 31.1-238.2), and @entity5 (RR = 24.7; 95% CI 9.9-61.4). One or more @entity3 were reported by 18% of @entity11 survivors, with an elevated late-onset risk for @entity2 (RR = 42.8; 95% CI 16.7-109.8), @entity10 (RR = 5.7; 95% CI 3.2-10.0), and @entity6 -like symptoms (RR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.5-2.7). Very few late effects were evident among those treated with surgery only, but risks were consistently elevated for those treated with radiation and surgery, and higher still for those who also received adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood brain @entity1 survivors are at a significantly increased risk for several adverse endocrine and @entity3 , particularly if they were treated with radiation and chemotherapy. Lifetime medical surveillance and follow-up for potential @entity4 are necessary because treatment-related complications may occur many years after therapy.

title: Endocrine and XXXX among adult survivors of childhood @entity7 : @entity1 Survivor Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survivors of childhood @entity7 (CBTs) are at high risk for a variety of late adverse effects. Most research on long-term effects of CBTs has been comprised of single-institution case series without comparison groups. Research on @entity11 late effects often is focused on neurologic and sensory outcomes, with less emphasis on other potential targets such as the endocrine and circulatory systems. The current study was conducted to contrast the incidence of endocrine and @entity3 among @entity11 survivors as a function of treatment and to determine the risk of occurrence of these conditions relative to a sibling comparison group. METHODS: As part of the @entity1 Survivor Study (CCSS), treatment data were collected from medical records and self-reported late effects were ascertained from a survey questionnaire of 1,607 @entity11 @entity0 who survived their disease for 5 or more years. For comparison purposes, questionnaire data were also collected from 3418 randomly selected siblings of @entity0 in CCSS. RESULTS: One or more endocrine conditions were reported by 43% of @entity11 survivors. Compared with siblings, @entity11 survivors had a significantly increased risk of late-onset (>/= 5 years postdiagnosis) @entity8 (relative risk [RR] = 14.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.7-21.0), @entity9 (RR = 277.8; 95% CI 111.1-694.9), the need for medications to induce puberty (RR = 86.1; 95% CI 31.1-238.2), and @entity5 (RR = 24.7; 95% CI 9.9-61.4). One or more @entity3 were reported by 18% of @entity11 survivors, with an elevated late-onset risk for @entity2 (RR = 42.8; 95% CI 16.7-109.8), @entity10 (RR = 5.7; 95% CI 3.2-10.0), and @entity6 -like symptoms (RR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.5-2.7). Very few late effects were evident among those treated with surgery only, but risks were consistently elevated for those treated with radiation and surgery, and higher still for those who also received adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood brain @entity1 survivors are at a significantly increased risk for several adverse endocrine and @entity3 , particularly if they were treated with radiation and chemotherapy. Lifetime medical surveillance and follow-up for potential @entity4 are necessary because treatment-related complications may occur many years after therapy.

title: Endocrine and @entity3 among adult survivors of childhood XXXX : @entity1 Survivor Study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survivors of childhood @entity7 (CBTs) are at high risk for a variety of late adverse effects. Most research on long-term effects of CBTs has been comprised of single-institution case series without comparison groups. Research on @entity11 late effects often is focused on neurologic and sensory outcomes, with less emphasis on other potential targets such as the endocrine and circulatory systems. The current study was conducted to contrast the incidence of endocrine and @entity3 among @entity11 survivors as a function of treatment and to determine the risk of occurrence of these conditions relative to a sibling comparison group. METHODS: As part of the @entity1 Survivor Study (CCSS), treatment data were collected from medical records and self-reported late effects were ascertained from a survey questionnaire of 1,607 @entity11 @entity0 who survived their disease for 5 or more years. For comparison purposes, questionnaire data were also collected from 3418 randomly selected siblings of @entity0 in CCSS. RESULTS: One or more endocrine conditions were reported by 43% of @entity11 survivors. Compared with siblings, @entity11 survivors had a significantly increased risk of late-onset (>/= 5 years postdiagnosis) @entity8 (relative risk [RR] = 14.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.7-21.0), @entity9 (RR = 277.8; 95% CI 111.1-694.9), the need for medications to induce puberty (RR = 86.1; 95% CI 31.1-238.2), and @entity5 (RR = 24.7; 95% CI 9.9-61.4). One or more @entity3 were reported by 18% of @entity11 survivors, with an elevated late-onset risk for @entity2 (RR = 42.8; 95% CI 16.7-109.8), @entity10 (RR = 5.7; 95% CI 3.2-10.0), and @entity6 -like symptoms (RR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.5-2.7). Very few late effects were evident among those treated with surgery only, but risks were consistently elevated for those treated with radiation and surgery, and higher still for those who also received adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood brain @entity1 survivors are at a significantly increased risk for several adverse endocrine and @entity3 , particularly if they were treated with radiation and chemotherapy. Lifetime medical surveillance and follow-up for potential @entity4 are necessary because treatment-related complications may occur many years after therapy.

title: Endocrine and @entity3 among adult survivors of childhood @entity7 : XXXX Survivor Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: MOTIVATION: @entity0 is well known to be the end result of somatic mutations that disrupt normal cell division. The number of such mutations that have to be accumulated in a cell before @entity0 develops depends on the type of @entity0 . The waiting time T(m) until the appearance of m mutations in a cell is thus an important quantity in population genetics models of @entity1 . Such models are often difficult to analyze theoretically because of the complex interactions of mutation, drift and selection. They are also computationally expensive to simulate because of the large number of cells and the low mutation rate. RESULTS: We develop an efficient algorithm for simulating the waiting time T(m) until m mutations under a population genetics model of @entity0 development. We use an exact algorithm to simulate evolution of small cell populations and coarse-grained   -leaping approximation to handle large populations. We compared our hybrid simulation algorithm with the exact algorithm in small populations and with available asymptotic results for large populations. The comparison suggested that our algorithm is accurate and computationally efficient. We used the algorithm to study the waiting time for up to 20 mutations under a Moran model with variable population sizes. Our new algorithm may be useful for studying realistic models of @entity1 , which incorporates variable mutation rates and fitness effects.

title: Efficient simulation under a population genetics model of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To investigate the cooperative laparoscopic and endoscopic techniques used for the resection of upper @entity5 . METHODS: A systematic research of the literature was performed in PubMed for English and French language articles about laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative, combined, hybrid and rendezvous techniques. Only original studies using these techniques for the resection of early gastric @entity1 and @entity4 of the stomach and the duodenum were included. By excluding case series of less than 10 @entity0 , 25 studies were identified. The study design, number of cases, @entity1 pathology size and location, the operative technique name, the endoscopy team and surgical team role, operative time, type of closure of visceral wall defect, @entity2 , complications and length of hospital stay of these studies were evaluated. Additionally all cooperative techniques found were classified and are presented in a systematic approach. RESULTS: The studies identified were case series and retrospective cohort studies. A total of 706 @entity0 were operated on with a cooperative technique. The @entity1 resected were only @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in 4 studies, @entity4 and various benign @entity1 in 22 studies, early @entity3 (pT1a and pT1b) in 6 studies and early @entity1 in 1 study. There was important heterogeneity between the studies. The operative techniques identified were: laparoscopic assisted endoscopic resection, endoscopic assisted wedge resection, endoscopic assisted transgastric and intragastric surgery, laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS), laparoscopic assisted endoscopic full thickness resection (LAEFR), clean non exposure technique and non-exposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery (NEWS). Each technique is illustrated with the roles of the endoscopic and laparoscopic teams; the indications, characteristics and short term results are described. CONCLUSION: Along with the traditional cooperative techniques, new procedures like LECS, LAEFR and NEWS hold great promise for the future of minimally invasive oncologic procedures.

title: Cooperative laparoscopic endoscopic and hybrid laparoscopic surgery for upper XXXX : Current status.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes and complications of @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) treated with pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity6 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied a case series of 24 eyes of 21 @entity0 at a single tertiary, university-affiliated medical center. A review was carried out on @entity0 who underwent @entity6 for the management of @entity5 due to proliferative @entity1 from October 2011 to November 2013. Preoperative and final visual outcomes, @entity2 , and medical background were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity8 instrumentation was used in 23 eyes (95.8%), and a 25 G instrumentation in one (4.2%). Mean postoperative follow-up time was 13.3 months (4-30 months). Visual acuity significantly improved from logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) 1.48 to LogMAR 1.05 (P<0.05). Visual acuity improved by >= 3 lines in 75% of @entity0 . Intraoperative complications included @entity4 in seven eyes (22.9%) and vitreal @entity3 in nine eyes (37.5%). In two eyes, one sclerotomy was enlarged to 20 G (8.3%). @entity2 included reoperation in five eyes (20.8%) due to persistent subretinal fluid (n=3), @entity3 (n=1), and @entity7 (n=1). Thirteen @entity0 (54.2%) had postoperative @entity3 that cleared spontaneously, five @entity0 (20.8%) required antiglaucoma medications for @entity7 , seven @entity0 (29.2%) developed an epiretinal membrane, and two @entity0 (8.3%) developed a macular hole. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity5 can benefit from @entity6 surgery. Intraoperative and @entity2 can be attributed to the complexity of this disease.

title: Advantages of XXXX repair.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 15-year-old female @entity0 presented to the emergency room with @entity2 and @entity4 . She had two similar attacks in the previous three months both of them were diagnosed as @entity6 in two different hospitals. On admission, her serum @entity3 and parathyroid hormone levels were very high. CT scan revealed left inferior @entity9 . Investigations to rule out possible @entity8 were all negative. The @entity0 was managed by intravenous fluids and @entity7 to lower her serum @entity3 level. Then, left inferior parathyroidectomy was done. Postoperatively, the @entity0 had @entity1 with severe hypocalcaemia and was managed by intravenous @entity3 infusion for five days in the intensive care unit. Later, she was kept on oral @entity3 and @entity5 supplementation. She became symptom-free and her serum @entity3 improved gradually.

title: Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting with acute XXXX and asymptomatic bone involvement.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) for characterization of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-eight cirrhotic @entity0 with 89 hepatocellular nodules underwent SWI. The radiological features of hepatocellular nodules on SWI were classified into three types: type A (iso- or hypointensity, and background @entity3 ), type B (hyperintensity, and background @entity3 ), or type C (hyperintensity, and no background @entity3 ). Intranodular and background liver @entity1 content was quantified and correlated with SWI pattern. Prussian blue staining was performed to quantify intranodular and background liver @entity1 content. RESULTS: Type A pattern (n = 12) contained 11 (91.7%) DNs and 1 (8.3%) @entity2 , Type B pattern (n = 66) comprised 1 (1.5%) @entity6 and 65 (98.5%) @entity5 (including 12 @entity6 - @entity5 and 53 overt @entity5 ), and type C pattern (n = 11) was exclusively seen in @entity5 . The @entity1 scores of @entity6 - @entity5 and overt @entity5 were significantly lower than those of background livers [(0.091  0.30) VS (2.18  0.87), P = 0.000; (0.11  0.41) VS (2.16  0.97), P = 0.000; respectively]. There was no significant difference between @entity1 scores of DNs and those of background livers [(1.92  0.29) VS (2.17  039), P = 0.191]. For lesion-based and @entity0 -based analysis of @entity5 ( @entity6 - @entity5 and overt @entity5 ), type B pattern showed a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predicative value ( @entity4 ), and negative predicative value (NPV) of 84.4% and 84.4%, 91.7% and 75%, 85.4% and 83.8%, 98.5% and 98.2%, 47.8% and 23.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: SWI can provide valuable information for characterization of @entity2 and @entity6 based on endogenous @entity1 reduction during hepatocarcinogenesis.

title: Detection of Endogenous XXXX Reduction during Hepatocarcinogenesis at Susceptibility-Weighted MR Imaging: Value for Characterization of @entity2 and Dysplastic Nodule in Cirrhotic Liver.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) for characterization of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-eight cirrhotic @entity0 with 89 hepatocellular nodules underwent SWI. The radiological features of hepatocellular nodules on SWI were classified into three types: type A (iso- or hypointensity, and background @entity3 ), type B (hyperintensity, and background @entity3 ), or type C (hyperintensity, and no background @entity3 ). Intranodular and background liver @entity1 content was quantified and correlated with SWI pattern. Prussian blue staining was performed to quantify intranodular and background liver @entity1 content. RESULTS: Type A pattern (n = 12) contained 11 (91.7%) DNs and 1 (8.3%) @entity2 , Type B pattern (n = 66) comprised 1 (1.5%) @entity6 and 65 (98.5%) @entity5 (including 12 @entity6 - @entity5 and 53 overt @entity5 ), and type C pattern (n = 11) was exclusively seen in @entity5 . The @entity1 scores of @entity6 - @entity5 and overt @entity5 were significantly lower than those of background livers [(0.091  0.30) VS (2.18  0.87), P = 0.000; (0.11  0.41) VS (2.16  0.97), P = 0.000; respectively]. There was no significant difference between @entity1 scores of DNs and those of background livers [(1.92  0.29) VS (2.17  039), P = 0.191]. For lesion-based and @entity0 -based analysis of @entity5 ( @entity6 - @entity5 and overt @entity5 ), type B pattern showed a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predicative value ( @entity4 ), and negative predicative value (NPV) of 84.4% and 84.4%, 91.7% and 75%, 85.4% and 83.8%, 98.5% and 98.2%, 47.8% and 23.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: SWI can provide valuable information for characterization of @entity2 and @entity6 based on endogenous @entity1 reduction during hepatocarcinogenesis.

title: Detection of Endogenous @entity1 Reduction during Hepatocarcinogenesis at Susceptibility-Weighted MR Imaging: Value for Characterization of XXXX and Dysplastic Nodule in Cirrhotic Liver.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The ability to generate @entity0 -specific @entity0 induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers a new paradigm for modelling @entity0 disease and for individualizing drug testing. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a @entity10 characterized by abnormal ion channel function and @entity7 . Here we report the development of a @entity0 /disease-specific @entity0 iPSC line from a @entity0 with type-2 @entity6 (which is due to the @entity11 missense mutation in the @entity9 gene). The generated iPSCs were coaxed to differentiate into the cardiac lineage. Detailed whole-cell patch-clamp and extracellular multielectrode recordings revealed significant prolongation of the action-potential duration in @entity6 @entity0 iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (the characteristic @entity6 phenotype) when compared to healthy control cells. Voltage-clamp studies confirmed that this action-potential-duration prolongation stems from a significant reduction of the cardiac @entity5 current I(Kr). Importantly, @entity6 -derived cells also showed marked arrhythmogenicity, characterized by early-after depolarizations and triggered @entity4 . We then used the @entity6 @entity0 iPSC-derived cardiac-tissue model to evaluate the potency of existing and novel pharmacological agents that may either aggravate ( @entity5 -channel blockers) or ameliorate ( @entity2 -channel blockers, K( @entity3 )-channel openers and late @entity8 -channel blockers) the disease phenotype. Our study illustrates the ability of @entity0 iPSC technology to model the abnormal functional phenotype of an @entity1 and to identify potential new therapeutic agents. As such, it represents a promising paradigm to study disease mechanisms, optimize @entity0 care (personalized medicine), and aid in the development of new therapies.

title: Modelling the XXXX with induced pluripotent stem cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) remains a significant burden of @entity2 . Because of its immune mediated and chronic recurrent nature, common therapy includes (systemic) @entity0 and immune modulatory agents. Most treatments bear the risk of significant adverse effects. Therefore efforts are made to administer therapeutic agents directly into the vitreous cavity. The purpose of this article is to identify the role of intravitreally applied @entity3 as a recently approved therapeutic option in @entity4 . Areas covered: A MEDLINE database search was conducted through August 2015 using the terms: intravitreal injection, pharmacology, @entity3 , treatment, and @entity1 . To provide ongoing and future perspectives in treatment options, also clinical trials as registered at ClinicalTrials.gov were included. @entity3 (Opsiria) was in licensed from SANTEN in 2015 and approved in Phase III registration trials in the U.S., Europe and other countries for @entity4 . Current information results mainly from registration and phase III trials. Expert opinion: Intravitreal @entity3 appears to be an interesting option in the treatment algorithms of @entity4 because of its highly targeted molecular effects, nonsteroidal nature and good safety profile. It has the advantage to avoid systemic side effects, but this has to be balanced against the fact that treatment covers one eye only and bears the risks of any intraocular procedure. Nevertheless a careful evaluation of this agent has to be made, since current experience is almost exclusively based on registration trials, and long term effects still have to be explored.

title: @entity3 for the treatment of noninfectious XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) remains a significant burden of @entity2 . Because of its immune mediated and chronic recurrent nature, common therapy includes (systemic) @entity0 and immune modulatory agents. Most treatments bear the risk of significant adverse effects. Therefore efforts are made to administer therapeutic agents directly into the vitreous cavity. The purpose of this article is to identify the role of intravitreally applied @entity3 as a recently approved therapeutic option in @entity4 . Areas covered: A MEDLINE database search was conducted through August 2015 using the terms: intravitreal injection, pharmacology, @entity3 , treatment, and @entity1 . To provide ongoing and future perspectives in treatment options, also clinical trials as registered at ClinicalTrials.gov were included. @entity3 (Opsiria) was in licensed from SANTEN in 2015 and approved in Phase III registration trials in the U.S., Europe and other countries for @entity4 . Current information results mainly from registration and phase III trials. Expert opinion: Intravitreal @entity3 appears to be an interesting option in the treatment algorithms of @entity4 because of its highly targeted molecular effects, nonsteroidal nature and good safety profile. It has the advantage to avoid systemic side effects, but this has to be balanced against the fact that treatment covers one eye only and bears the risks of any intraocular procedure. Nevertheless a careful evaluation of this agent has to be made, since current experience is almost exclusively based on registration trials, and long term effects still have to be explored.

title: XXXX for the treatment of noninfectious @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The homing of @entity3 to bone is a nonrandom, multistep process. Previous studies have revealed significant insights into how @entity2 cells can interact with the host microenvironment. In this communication, the author summarizes recent studies from his institution and draws conclusions from data published by others pertaining to the biologic and therapeutic implications of bone @entity1 from @entity3 . METHODS: Tumor models have been established to study cellular interaction between @entity0 @entity3 cells and bone stroma under two-dimensional and three-dimensional conditions. At the author's institution, experiments were conducted to show that @entity3 cell growth and survival are enhanced in coculture with pleuripotent bone stromal cells. A cotargeting concept for the treatment of @entity0 with @entity3 bone @entity1 is introduced. RESULTS: Both genotypical and phenotypical responses were observed to @entity2 epithelium when it was cocultured under three-dimensional conditions. A "vicious cycle" that was mediated by soluble and insoluble molecules secreted by @entity2 and bone may be the key to supporting and sustaining @entity2 colonization in bone. Cotargeting @entity2 and stroma has yielded promising results, both in preclinical models of @entity3 bone @entity1 and in the clinic with @entity0 who were treated with a dual @entity2 -targeting and bone-targeting strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding and targeting the interaction of @entity2 cells and bone stroma may improve the prognosis, reduce the suffering, and increase the survival of @entity0 with advanced bone @entity1 as a consequence of @entity3 .

title: XXXX bone-stroma interaction and its biologic and therapeutic implications.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell growth can be induced via elicitation of protease-activated receptors (PAR) with @entity4 proteases such as thrombin and trypsin. METHODS: To understand whether PAR are involved in @entity1 vessel formation in the neoplastic cell-bearing alveolar walls, immunohistochemical and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed using the lung tissues from 16 @entity0 with primary @entity6 . RESULTS: In microdissected @entity1 alveolar walls, the expressions of @entity8 and @entity10 mRNA were increased by 10-fold (P < 0.05) and 16-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, as compared with normal alveolar walls. Confocal microscopy revealed that @entity1 capillary endothelial cells in alveolar walls lost thrombomodulin expression. Instead, the expression of @entity10 often became obvious at the normal border. Both @entity8 and @entity10 were expressed in the microvessel endothelial cells in @entity1 . Trypsin mRNA was expressed in 7 of the 16 @entity1 cell-bearing tissue specimens in contrast to 1 of the 14 normal alveolar walls. Immunohistochemically, trypsin was positive in the neoplastic cells from 10 @entity0 and in @entity6 cell lines (A549, @entity12 , LC-2, and PC-14). An in vitro assay showed a significant increase in @entity9 ( @entity11 ) or @entity5 uptake in @entity0 pulmonary artery endothelial cells and @entity0 umbilical cord vein endothelial cells after treatments with alpha-thrombin or activating peptides; SFLLRN for @entity8 and SLIGKV for @entity10 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, proliferation of @entity7 endothelial cells is initialized in part by PAR activation with serum thrombin and neoplastic cell-released trypsin. These results suggest a synergistic effect of PAR with @entity2 in @entity3 .

title: @entity8 and @entity10 participate in the cell growth of @entity7 endothelium in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell growth can be induced via elicitation of protease-activated receptors (PAR) with @entity4 proteases such as thrombin and trypsin. METHODS: To understand whether PAR are involved in @entity1 vessel formation in the neoplastic cell-bearing alveolar walls, immunohistochemical and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed using the lung tissues from 16 @entity0 with primary @entity6 . RESULTS: In microdissected @entity1 alveolar walls, the expressions of @entity8 and @entity10 mRNA were increased by 10-fold (P < 0.05) and 16-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, as compared with normal alveolar walls. Confocal microscopy revealed that @entity1 capillary endothelial cells in alveolar walls lost thrombomodulin expression. Instead, the expression of @entity10 often became obvious at the normal border. Both @entity8 and @entity10 were expressed in the microvessel endothelial cells in @entity1 . Trypsin mRNA was expressed in 7 of the 16 @entity1 cell-bearing tissue specimens in contrast to 1 of the 14 normal alveolar walls. Immunohistochemically, trypsin was positive in the neoplastic cells from 10 @entity0 and in @entity6 cell lines (A549, @entity12 , LC-2, and PC-14). An in vitro assay showed a significant increase in @entity9 ( @entity11 ) or @entity5 uptake in @entity0 pulmonary artery endothelial cells and @entity0 umbilical cord vein endothelial cells after treatments with alpha-thrombin or activating peptides; SFLLRN for @entity8 and SLIGKV for @entity10 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, proliferation of @entity7 endothelial cells is initialized in part by PAR activation with serum thrombin and neoplastic cell-released trypsin. These results suggest a synergistic effect of PAR with @entity2 in @entity3 .

title: @entity8 and XXXX participate in the cell growth of @entity7 endothelium in primary @entity6 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell growth can be induced via elicitation of protease-activated receptors (PAR) with @entity4 proteases such as thrombin and trypsin. METHODS: To understand whether PAR are involved in @entity1 vessel formation in the neoplastic cell-bearing alveolar walls, immunohistochemical and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed using the lung tissues from 16 @entity0 with primary @entity6 . RESULTS: In microdissected @entity1 alveolar walls, the expressions of @entity8 and @entity10 mRNA were increased by 10-fold (P < 0.05) and 16-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, as compared with normal alveolar walls. Confocal microscopy revealed that @entity1 capillary endothelial cells in alveolar walls lost thrombomodulin expression. Instead, the expression of @entity10 often became obvious at the normal border. Both @entity8 and @entity10 were expressed in the microvessel endothelial cells in @entity1 . Trypsin mRNA was expressed in 7 of the 16 @entity1 cell-bearing tissue specimens in contrast to 1 of the 14 normal alveolar walls. Immunohistochemically, trypsin was positive in the neoplastic cells from 10 @entity0 and in @entity6 cell lines (A549, @entity12 , LC-2, and PC-14). An in vitro assay showed a significant increase in @entity9 ( @entity11 ) or @entity5 uptake in @entity0 pulmonary artery endothelial cells and @entity0 umbilical cord vein endothelial cells after treatments with alpha-thrombin or activating peptides; SFLLRN for @entity8 and SLIGKV for @entity10 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, proliferation of @entity7 endothelial cells is initialized in part by PAR activation with serum thrombin and neoplastic cell-released trypsin. These results suggest a synergistic effect of PAR with @entity2 in @entity3 .

title: XXXX and @entity10 participate in the cell growth of @entity7 endothelium in primary @entity6 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell growth can be induced via elicitation of protease-activated receptors (PAR) with @entity4 proteases such as thrombin and trypsin. METHODS: To understand whether PAR are involved in @entity1 vessel formation in the neoplastic cell-bearing alveolar walls, immunohistochemical and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed using the lung tissues from 16 @entity0 with primary @entity6 . RESULTS: In microdissected @entity1 alveolar walls, the expressions of @entity8 and @entity10 mRNA were increased by 10-fold (P < 0.05) and 16-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, as compared with normal alveolar walls. Confocal microscopy revealed that @entity1 capillary endothelial cells in alveolar walls lost thrombomodulin expression. Instead, the expression of @entity10 often became obvious at the normal border. Both @entity8 and @entity10 were expressed in the microvessel endothelial cells in @entity1 . Trypsin mRNA was expressed in 7 of the 16 @entity1 cell-bearing tissue specimens in contrast to 1 of the 14 normal alveolar walls. Immunohistochemically, trypsin was positive in the neoplastic cells from 10 @entity0 and in @entity6 cell lines (A549, @entity12 , LC-2, and PC-14). An in vitro assay showed a significant increase in @entity9 ( @entity11 ) or @entity5 uptake in @entity0 pulmonary artery endothelial cells and @entity0 umbilical cord vein endothelial cells after treatments with alpha-thrombin or activating peptides; SFLLRN for @entity8 and SLIGKV for @entity10 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, proliferation of @entity7 endothelial cells is initialized in part by PAR activation with serum thrombin and neoplastic cell-released trypsin. These results suggest a synergistic effect of PAR with @entity2 in @entity3 .

title: @entity8 and @entity10 participate in the cell growth of XXXX endothelium in primary @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Argan is used worldwide in numerous cosmetic products, as this fruit is supposed to have many beneficial properties on health. New cases of @entity1 can be expected with the growing use of argan. We investigated all workers (9) employed by a cosmetic factory and exposed to argan powder to identify possible @entity1 related to exposure to argan powder. METHODS: @entity0 were investigated in the occupational disease department and, according to their symptoms, underwent pulmonary function testing, @entity3 challenge, specific inhalation challenge to argan powder, skin prick tests and immunoblotting analysis. RESULTS: We report three cases of @entity4 to argan powder and a probable case of @entity2 . Fifteen argan proteins were recognized by the @entity0 ' IgE. Identification of proteins, cross-reactions to nuts and ELISA inhibition tests suggested that some argan allergens can cross-react in vitro with hazelnut allergens, including 11S globulin and vicilin. CONCLUSION: High-level exposure to argan powder should be considered to be a potential cause of IgE-mediated @entity1 and workers handling argan powder should be carefully investigated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: First evidence of XXXX to argan powder in a cosmetic factory.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the prognosis of @entity3 is highly dependent on the lesion location, it has rarely been quantitatively utilized. We investigated the usefulness of regional extent of @entity5 (rEIL) predicting the improvement of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: The rEILs were measured in each individual cortex after transforming the lesions to a standard atlas. Significant improvement of @entity2 was tentatively defined as 20% improvement at 3 months after @entity1 . The performances of clinical and imaging variables predicting significant improvement were measured by support vector machine. The maximum performance of variables predicting the significant improvement was compared between subgroups of variables (clinical, baseline severity and lesion volume) and the effect of adding rEIL to those subgroups of variables was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 35 @entity0 were enrolled in this study. @entity4 , MR-time from onset, rEILs in the lingual, calcarine, and cuneus cortices were good prognostic indicators of hemi- @entity2 (performance for predicting the significant improvement: 72.8  11.8%, 66.1  11.2%, respectively). A combination of the rEILs of each cortical subregions demonstrated a better predictive performance for hemi- @entity2 (83.8  9.5%) compared to a combination of clinical variables (72.8  11.8; p<0.001), baseline severity (63.0  11.9%; p<0.001), or lesion volume (62.6  12.7%; p<0.001). Adding a rEIL to other variables improved the prognostic prediction for hemi- @entity2 (74.4  11.6% to 91.3  7.7%; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: An estimation of rEIL provides useful information regarding the @entity5 location. rEIL accurately predicts the significant improvement of @entity2 and enhances the prediction power when combined with other variables.

title: Lesion Location-Based Prediction of Visual Field Improvement after XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: A previously published study found positive outcomes for a novel technique for ultrasound-guided percutaneous ultrasonic tenotomy, showing good tolerability, safety, and early efficacy within an office setting. PURPOSE: In this follow-up study, all 20 members of the original cohort were contacted after 3 years to explore the sustainability of symptomatic relief, functional improvement, and sonographic soft tissue response for percutaneous ultrasonic tenotomy. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: All 20 subjects of the clinical trial that was performed from June to November 2011 were further assessed at 36 months after the procedure in terms of visual analog scale for @entity1 , Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH)-Compulsory/Work scores, need for adjunct procedures, and overall satisfaction. Importantly, all 20 were reassessed with ultrasound imaging at 36 months, and evidence of the common extensor tendon response was assessed in terms of @entity2 , tendon thickness, and the progress of the @entity5 . RESULTS: A 100% clinical follow-up was achieved, inclusive of ultrasonographic assessment. None of the subjects required further treatment procedures, and 100% expressed satisfaction. Previous improvements in visual analog scale (current median    SD, 0    0.9; range, 0-3) and DASH-Work scores (current median, 0    0) were sustained with conformity to a linear pattern on polynomial measures. There was further reduction in DASH-Compulsory scores to a median of 0    0.644 (range, 0-2) with a significant decrease on repeated measures (P = .008). Tendon hypervascularity was resolved in 94% of @entity0 , and 100% had @entity2 . Overall reduction in the @entity5 was observed in all subjects, with a 90% response achieved by 6 months. Between 6 and 36 months, further @entity3 was observed in around 60% of @entity0 , with 20% of @entity0 having complete resolution of the @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive percutaneous ultrasonic tenotomy provided sustained @entity1 relief and functional improvement for recalcitrant @entity4 elbow at 3-year follow-up. It is one of the few procedures to demonstrate positive sonographic evidence of tissue-healing response and is an attractive alternative to surgical intervention for definitive treatment of @entity2 .

title: Ultrasonic Percutaneous Tenotomy for Recalcitrant XXXX : Sustainability and Sonographic Progression at 3 Years.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of intra-operative @entity7 on @entity3 relief after major lumbar surgery were investigated in 24 @entity0 . @entity0 were randomly allocated to receive either an infusion of 50 mg x kg(-1) @entity7 or an equivalent volume of saline at induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with @entity5 and @entity6 . Tracheal intubation was facilitated using @entity9 . Maintenance was achieved with @entity6 and @entity8 in @entity10 / @entity1 . Intra-operative monitoring included standard equipment and neuromuscular transmission. During surgery, @entity11 recovery was longer in the @entity4 group. @entity2 and @entity3 scores were lower in the @entity4 group. The first night's sleep and the global satisfaction scores were better in the @entity4 group. The results of the study support @entity7 as a useful adjuvant for postoperative analgesia after major lumbar surgery.

title: Effect of intra-operative XXXX on @entity3 relief and @entity0 comfort after major lumbar orthopaedic surgery.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The effects of intra-operative @entity7 on @entity3 relief after major lumbar surgery were investigated in 24 @entity0 . @entity0 were randomly allocated to receive either an infusion of 50 mg x kg(-1) @entity7 or an equivalent volume of saline at induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with @entity5 and @entity6 . Tracheal intubation was facilitated using @entity9 . Maintenance was achieved with @entity6 and @entity8 in @entity10 / @entity1 . Intra-operative monitoring included standard equipment and neuromuscular transmission. During surgery, @entity11 recovery was longer in the @entity4 group. @entity2 and @entity3 scores were lower in the @entity4 group. The first night's sleep and the global satisfaction scores were better in the @entity4 group. The results of the study support @entity7 as a useful adjuvant for postoperative analgesia after major lumbar surgery.

title: Effect of intra-operative @entity7 on XXXX relief and @entity0 comfort after major lumbar orthopaedic surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effects of intra-operative @entity7 on @entity3 relief after major lumbar surgery were investigated in 24 @entity0 . @entity0 were randomly allocated to receive either an infusion of 50 mg x kg(-1) @entity7 or an equivalent volume of saline at induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with @entity5 and @entity6 . Tracheal intubation was facilitated using @entity9 . Maintenance was achieved with @entity6 and @entity8 in @entity10 / @entity1 . Intra-operative monitoring included standard equipment and neuromuscular transmission. During surgery, @entity11 recovery was longer in the @entity4 group. @entity2 and @entity3 scores were lower in the @entity4 group. The first night's sleep and the global satisfaction scores were better in the @entity4 group. The results of the study support @entity7 as a useful adjuvant for postoperative analgesia after major lumbar surgery.

title: Effect of intra-operative @entity7 on @entity3 relief and XXXX comfort after major lumbar orthopaedic surgery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our aim was to investigate the current practice of sedation and @entity4 in critically ill @entity0 in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in the UK. METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to all PICUs in the UK. RESULTS: The most commonly used sedative agents were @entity2 in combination with @entity1 . Written clinical guidelines for the sedation of critically ill @entity0 were available in 45% of units. Sedation is formally assessed in 40% of units. @entity3 is the most commonly used neuromuscular blocking agent. In the UK, 31% of critically ill @entity0 are likely to receive neuromuscular blocking agents. Depth of @entity4 is routinely assessed in 16% of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Relatively few units possess clinical guidelines for the sedation of critically ill @entity0 , and only a minority formally assess sedation levels. Where neuromuscular blocking agents are administered, sedation is frequently inadequately assessed and the depth of @entity4 is rarely estimated.

title: Sedation and XXXX in paediatric intensive care: a review of current practice in the UK.

answer: @entity4


abstract: THE ISSUE: @entity1 has become the main cause of @entity2 . The costs for the treatment of @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 have increased in the last years and have become a relevant economic topic of the health service. The first unspecific predictor of a @entity6 is an @entity5 . The screening for @entity6 uses microalbuminuria as a proof. OBJECTIVES: What significance does the determination of @entity5 have on the precaution and course-control of the @entity6 ?a) in @entity3 1 @entity1 patientsb) in @entity3 2 @entity1 patientsWhich is an appropriate time to determine the @entity5 for the purpose of precaution and course-control of the @entity6 ?a) in @entity3 1 @entity1 patientsb) in @entity3 2 @entity1 patientsWhich method of testing is most effective concerning economic and medical aspects? METHODS: Published literature from 1998 up to 2004 was identified by searching in the most important databases. Most of the guidelines were found by hand searching in the internet. RESULTS: Of 2,792 citation titles and abstracts examined, 274 articles were retrieved for full-text review. Five metaanalyses and reviews, one review about clearing of guidelines (regarding 18 international guidelines) and four guidelines met the inclusion criteria for screening for microalbuminuria and @entity3 1 @entity1 . Seven metaanalyses, one HTA report, one review about clearing of guidelines (regarding 17 international guidelines), and seven guidelines met the inclusion criteria for screening for microalbuminuria and @entity3 2 @entity1 . At the moment, the determination of @entity5 still has a great significance because it is recommended in most published literature and guidelines. The time to determine the @entity5 depends on the age of the @entity0 and their @entity3 of @entity1 . Type 2 @entity1 @entity0 should start the determination when the @entity1 is diagnosed whereas the determination is recommended five years later when @entity3 1 @entity1 @entity0 are concerned. Most guidelines recommend a screening for microalbuminuria every year. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: All guidelines and most of the literature recommend this screening. However, these recommendations are only based on expert consensus. The specificity of this screening is rather low. False positive tests in @entity3 2 @entity1 @entity0 will cause @entity4 . A positive test leads to the recommendation to achieve "normal blood pressure" and "normoglycaemia" - but this applies to each @entity1 @entity0 . Based on these facts, the screening for @entity5 in @entity3 1 or @entity3 2 @entity1 @entity0 cannot be recommended as long as benefit has not been demonstrated by large, clinical, controlled trials. Without an evidence of the benefit, this screening cannot be economic.

title: Determination of @entity5 in the urine of diabetics for prevention and control of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: THE ISSUE: @entity1 has become the main cause of @entity2 . The costs for the treatment of @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 have increased in the last years and have become a relevant economic topic of the health service. The first unspecific predictor of a @entity6 is an @entity5 . The screening for @entity6 uses microalbuminuria as a proof. OBJECTIVES: What significance does the determination of @entity5 have on the precaution and course-control of the @entity6 ?a) in @entity3 1 @entity1 patientsb) in @entity3 2 @entity1 patientsWhich is an appropriate time to determine the @entity5 for the purpose of precaution and course-control of the @entity6 ?a) in @entity3 1 @entity1 patientsb) in @entity3 2 @entity1 patientsWhich method of testing is most effective concerning economic and medical aspects? METHODS: Published literature from 1998 up to 2004 was identified by searching in the most important databases. Most of the guidelines were found by hand searching in the internet. RESULTS: Of 2,792 citation titles and abstracts examined, 274 articles were retrieved for full-text review. Five metaanalyses and reviews, one review about clearing of guidelines (regarding 18 international guidelines) and four guidelines met the inclusion criteria for screening for microalbuminuria and @entity3 1 @entity1 . Seven metaanalyses, one HTA report, one review about clearing of guidelines (regarding 17 international guidelines), and seven guidelines met the inclusion criteria for screening for microalbuminuria and @entity3 2 @entity1 . At the moment, the determination of @entity5 still has a great significance because it is recommended in most published literature and guidelines. The time to determine the @entity5 depends on the age of the @entity0 and their @entity3 of @entity1 . Type 2 @entity1 @entity0 should start the determination when the @entity1 is diagnosed whereas the determination is recommended five years later when @entity3 1 @entity1 @entity0 are concerned. Most guidelines recommend a screening for microalbuminuria every year. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: All guidelines and most of the literature recommend this screening. However, these recommendations are only based on expert consensus. The specificity of this screening is rather low. False positive tests in @entity3 2 @entity1 @entity0 will cause @entity4 . A positive test leads to the recommendation to achieve "normal blood pressure" and "normoglycaemia" - but this applies to each @entity1 @entity0 . Based on these facts, the screening for @entity5 in @entity3 1 or @entity3 2 @entity1 @entity0 cannot be recommended as long as benefit has not been demonstrated by large, clinical, controlled trials. Without an evidence of the benefit, this screening cannot be economic.

title: Determination of XXXX in the urine of diabetics for prevention and control of @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is the most common cause of @entity2 within childhood that usually treat by surgery. According to anatomical variations in different individuals, scheduling similar procedures for all @entity0 is not suitable, and thus the best decision for an appropriate surgical technique should be considered separately for each @entity0 . Regardless of the type of applied technique, creating a funnel-shape UPJ with a suitable size is a successful treatment. In this context, the assessment of a successful surgical treatment in a short-term follow-up means repairing revealed anatomical defects. The present study aimed to compare the diagnostic value of static magnetic resonance urography (MRU) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 with @entity3 after pyeloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 , who underwent unilateral pyeloplasty between 2012 and 2013 were assessed. All subjects underwent @entity1 and also MRU about 1-month after the former procedure. RESULTS: The Kendall's tau correlation showed a very strong correlation between results of MRU and diuretic renal scintigraphy (r = 0.932, P < 0.001). This strong correlation was also shown by Somers'd test (r = 0.932, P < 0.001) similarly. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows a strong agreement between @entity1 and MRU to assess @entity3 . MRU static fluid has a high accuracy for assessment of renal system anatomy. Due to the lack of dangerous consequences of contrast materials, MRU can be the best option instead of @entity1 .

title: Agreement between static magnetic resonance urography and diuretic renal scintigraphy in @entity0 with XXXX after pyeloplasty.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is the most common cause of @entity2 within childhood that usually treat by surgery. According to anatomical variations in different individuals, scheduling similar procedures for all @entity0 is not suitable, and thus the best decision for an appropriate surgical technique should be considered separately for each @entity0 . Regardless of the type of applied technique, creating a funnel-shape UPJ with a suitable size is a successful treatment. In this context, the assessment of a successful surgical treatment in a short-term follow-up means repairing revealed anatomical defects. The present study aimed to compare the diagnostic value of static magnetic resonance urography (MRU) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 with @entity3 after pyeloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 , who underwent unilateral pyeloplasty between 2012 and 2013 were assessed. All subjects underwent @entity1 and also MRU about 1-month after the former procedure. RESULTS: The Kendall's tau correlation showed a very strong correlation between results of MRU and diuretic renal scintigraphy (r = 0.932, P < 0.001). This strong correlation was also shown by Somers'd test (r = 0.932, P < 0.001) similarly. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows a strong agreement between @entity1 and MRU to assess @entity3 . MRU static fluid has a high accuracy for assessment of renal system anatomy. Due to the lack of dangerous consequences of contrast materials, MRU can be the best option instead of @entity1 .

title: Agreement between static magnetic resonance urography and diuretic renal scintigraphy in XXXX with @entity3 after pyeloplasty.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The clinical and pathologic findings in 13 cases of @entity1 involving the prostate gland were reviewed. The @entity1 tended to occur in elderly @entity0 with a mean age of 60 years (range, 30-86 years) and were clinically manifested by @entity3 with @entity5 . In only one of the @entity0 was there clinical suspicion of @entity1 before surgery. Seven @entity0 had primary @entity1 of the prostate, with a variety of histologic subtypes, including small cell lymphocytic (one @entity0 ), diffuse small cleaved cell (two @entity0 ), diffuse mixed small and large cell (two @entity0 ), diffuse large non-cleaved cell (one @entity0 ), and high-grade diffuse small non-cleaved cell (undifferentiated non-Burkitt's) (one @entity0 ). At the time of presentation, none of these @entity0 had @entity2 , @entity4 , or elevated serum acid phosphatase levels. Six other @entity0 with previously documented @entity1 at other sites had prostatic involvement 2 to 60 months (mean, 14 months) after the primary diagnosis. Histologically, these secondary prostatic @entity1 included diffuse small cleaved cell (two @entity0 ), diffuse mixed small and large cell (one @entity0 ), diffuse large non-cleaved cell (two @entity0 ), and large cell immunoblastic, polymorphous type (T-cell by immunotyping) (one @entity0 ). The mean survival was 14 months for all @entity0 (range, 2-44 months), with no apparent difference between primary and secondary involvement. One @entity0 remains alive 44 months after secondary prostatic involvement with diffuse large non-cleaved cell @entity1 . Although @entity1 involving the prostate are rare, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of lower @entity6 , particularly in @entity0 with a previous history of @entity1 .

title: XXXX involving the prostate. A study of 13 cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The predominant treatment modality for @entity3 is surgical resection. However, gamma knife radiosurgery is also an important treatment modality for @entity3 that is small or cannot be completely removed because of its location. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and long-term results of radiosurgical treatment for @entity3 in our institution. METHODS: We studied 628 @entity0 (130 @entity0 and 498 @entity0 ) who underwent gamma knife radiosurgery for @entity3 , which is radiologically diagnosed, from Jan 2008 to Nov 2012. We included @entity0 with single lesion @entity3 , and followed up after 6 months with imaging, and then at 24 months with a clinical examination. @entity0 with high-grade @entity3 or @entity3 were excluded. We analyzed each of the factors associated with progression free survival. The median @entity0 's age was 56.8 years. Maximal dosage was 27.8 Gy and marginal dosage was 13.9 Gy. RESULTS: The @entity2 control rate was 95%. Twenty-eight @entity0 (4.4%) showed evidence of @entity2 recurrence. Ninety-eight @entity0 (15%) developed @entity1 ( @entity1 ) after gamma-knife surgery; two of them (2%) underwent surgical resections due to @entity1 . Nine @entity0 had craniotomy and @entity2 removal after gamma knife surgery. CONCLUSION: Gamma knife surgery for @entity3 has proven to be a safe and effective treatment tool with successful long-term outcomes. Gamma knife radiosurgery can be especially effective in cases of @entity3 after surgical resection or where @entity1 is not present.

title: Long-Term Results of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: although efficacious, some @entity0 do not respond optimally to @entity2 ( @entity2 ) treatment. The objective of this study was to identify the reasons why some @entity0 do not respond and to look for reasons for changes in treatment and @entity0 satisfaction with the new treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: epidemiological, cross-sectional, non-interventional study to determine the reasons for @entity2 treatment switching and satisfaction with such @entity2 treatment switch. @entity2 @entity0 ( @entity2 -V8>= 8), 18 years or more, who had modified their treatment during the previous 3-4 months, were recruited. Demographic data, symptoms, previous, current and concomitant treatments, reasons for treatment switch, clinical global impression (CGI) on disease severity and symptom improvement, Morinsky Green questionnaire, satisfaction with treatment, treatment preference and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were compared. RESULTS: out of 3,365 successive @entity0 , 2,038 (61%) were eligible (61.1  11.2 years; 77% @entity0 ). The physician decided to switch in 69% of the cases and 31% of @entity0 asked for a change in treatment. Reasons for switching were lack of clinical benefit (60%), side effects (24%), @entity0 ' request (8%), non-compliance (6%) and other (2%). 52% of @entity0 complied with new treatment. According to the CGI, 65.4% showed improvement with respect to their previous treatment. 60% were quite/very satisfied with current treatment, 91% preferred it to their previous treatment and 93% reported that their symptoms had improved. CONCLUSIONS: the lack of clinical benefit is the main reason for changing @entity2 treatment. Most of the @entity0 that switched prefer their new treatment.

title: [Assessment of reasons for XXXX treatment change].

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT: When making a diagnosis, the main purpose of clinicians should not be to achieve certainty, but to decrease diagnostic uncertainty in order to make optimal therapeutic decisions. Diagnostic concordance is an essential characteristic if a measurement is to be considered scientific. In the case of @entity3 ( @entity2 ), one of the most accurate diagnostic tests is magnetic resonance imaging. However, histopathologic analyses are essential, because they refine the diagnosis, benefit the @entity0 , and improve our understanding of the disease. By determining the clinical-histopathologic correlation of @entity2 in one of the main neurologic centers in Mexico, we sought to project reliable morbidity and/or mortality statistics. OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical and histopathologic diagnostic agreement in cases involving @entity2 admitted to the Manuel Velasco Su  rez National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery between 1990 and 1999. DESIGN: Cross-sectional diagnostic concordance study, including all clinical hospital records of @entity0 with histopathologically diagnosed @entity2 , classified according to World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS: Among 2041 @entity2 cases, the 3 most frequent types were those affecting the neuroepithelial tissue (32.9%), @entity1 of the sellar region (29.2%), and @entity1 of the meninges (25.6%). We found that, overall, clinical-histopathologic concordance for these 3 categories was substantial and statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 constitute a heterogeneous group of @entity1 . In the present study, clinical diagnoses substantially agreed with pathologic diagnoses. The a priori clinical diagnosis allowed prompt treatment even before diagnostic confirmation by histopathologic analysis, which is the best way to confirm, clarify, and correct a diagnosis.

title: Clinical-histopathologic concordance of XXXX at the Manuel Velasco Su  rez National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Mexico City.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Two principal types of stress protein, @entity5 proteins (hsps) and metallothionein (MT), are induced in cells responding to a variety of stresses. They play an important role in protecting cells from these stresses. However, many reports indicate that antibodies to hsps are present in human serum and are associated with several @entity3 . Metals, which are commonly allergenic to @entity0 , induce both MT and @entity6 (one of the hsps family). Until now, there has been no report of any antibody to MT in human serum. In the present study, serum samples from healthy controls (Group I), and @entity0 suffering from @entity1 without (Group II) or with (Group III) @entity2 , were measured for antibodies to MT and @entity6 , using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). @entity2 was confirmed by patch testing. We first found that antibody to MT exists in human serum. We also found a high positive frequency of antibody to MT (51.3%) and to @entity6 (43.6%) in the sera of Group III, compared to those of Group I (3.8% and 5.1%) or Group II (6.4% and 5.1%). Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between antibody to MT and antibody to @entity6 in Group III (P = 0.0013), but not in Group I and Group II. Our results indicate that antibody to MT exists in human serum, as do antibodies to hsps, and suggest that elevated levels of MT and @entity6 antibodies are associated with @entity2 in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: High positive frequency of antibodies to metallothionein and XXXX protein 70 in sera of @entity0 with @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Two principal types of stress protein, @entity5 proteins (hsps) and metallothionein (MT), are induced in cells responding to a variety of stresses. They play an important role in protecting cells from these stresses. However, many reports indicate that antibodies to hsps are present in human serum and are associated with several @entity3 . Metals, which are commonly allergenic to @entity0 , induce both MT and @entity6 (one of the hsps family). Until now, there has been no report of any antibody to MT in human serum. In the present study, serum samples from healthy controls (Group I), and @entity0 suffering from @entity1 without (Group II) or with (Group III) @entity2 , were measured for antibodies to MT and @entity6 , using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). @entity2 was confirmed by patch testing. We first found that antibody to MT exists in human serum. We also found a high positive frequency of antibody to MT (51.3%) and to @entity6 (43.6%) in the sera of Group III, compared to those of Group I (3.8% and 5.1%) or Group II (6.4% and 5.1%). Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between antibody to MT and antibody to @entity6 in Group III (P = 0.0013), but not in Group I and Group II. Our results indicate that antibody to MT exists in human serum, as do antibodies to hsps, and suggest that elevated levels of MT and @entity6 antibodies are associated with @entity2 in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: High positive frequency of antibodies to metallothionein and @entity5 protein 70 in sera of @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Two principal types of stress protein, @entity5 proteins (hsps) and metallothionein (MT), are induced in cells responding to a variety of stresses. They play an important role in protecting cells from these stresses. However, many reports indicate that antibodies to hsps are present in human serum and are associated with several @entity3 . Metals, which are commonly allergenic to @entity0 , induce both MT and @entity6 (one of the hsps family). Until now, there has been no report of any antibody to MT in human serum. In the present study, serum samples from healthy controls (Group I), and @entity0 suffering from @entity1 without (Group II) or with (Group III) @entity2 , were measured for antibodies to MT and @entity6 , using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). @entity2 was confirmed by patch testing. We first found that antibody to MT exists in human serum. We also found a high positive frequency of antibody to MT (51.3%) and to @entity6 (43.6%) in the sera of Group III, compared to those of Group I (3.8% and 5.1%) or Group II (6.4% and 5.1%). Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between antibody to MT and antibody to @entity6 in Group III (P = 0.0013), but not in Group I and Group II. Our results indicate that antibody to MT exists in human serum, as do antibodies to hsps, and suggest that elevated levels of MT and @entity6 antibodies are associated with @entity2 in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: High positive frequency of antibodies to metallothionein and @entity5 protein 70 in sera of XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have isolated a cDNA recombinant plasmid (pA29) identified as encoding part of the ventricular muscle myosin light chain @entity3 . This cDNA contains a 300-base pair fragment which under conditions of moderate stringency shows specific hybridization to @entity3 mRNA with no detectable cross-hybridization with the mRNAs encoding the fast skeletal muscle isoforms MLC1F and @entity1 , or the atrial muscle isoform @entity2 . Under these conditions hybridization is seen with an abundant mRNA present in slow skeletal muscle (soleus) which is indistinguishable from ventricular @entity3 mRNA on the basis of size and of thermal stability of hybrids formed with plasmid pA29. The @entity0 @entity3 and @entity3 proteins are found to co-migrate on two-dimensional gels. We therefore conclude that these isoforms are the same and are encoded by the same mRNA. Analysis of @entity0 DNA has identified a single region of the genome which hybridizes to this same fragment of pA29. This region has been isolated in a recombinant phage and has been shown to contain a single gene showing homology with @entity3 mRNA by R-loop analysis. We therefore conclude that @entity3 and @entity3 are encoded by a single gene. The pattern of segregation of a restriction fragment length polymorphism identified for this gene between @entity0 and Mus spretus has been followed in an F1 backcross between these two @entity0 species. The results show the @entity3 / @entity3 gene to be closely linked to a marker at the distal end of @entity0 chromosome 9.

title: The myosin alkali light chains of XXXX ventricular and slow skeletal muscle are indistinguishable and are encoded by the same gene.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity6 ) was added to @entity7 on a nationwide scale in 1992 without prior testing of adverse, toxic, or carcinogenic effects. Since that time, numerous reports have appeared describing adverse health effects of individuals exposed to @entity6 , both from inhalation of fumes in the workplace and while pumping @entity7 . Leakage of @entity6 , a highly water-soluble compound, from underground storage tanks has led to contamination of the water supply in many areas of the United States. Legislation has been passed by many states to prohibit the addition of @entity6 to @entity7 . The addition of @entity6 to @entity7 has not accomplished its stated goal of decreasing air pollution, and it has posed serious health risks to a large portion of the population, particularly the elderly and those with respiratory problems, @entity4 , and skin sensitivity. Reports of animal studies of carcinogenicity of @entity6 began to appear in the 1990s, prior to the widespread introduction of @entity6 into @entity7 . These reports were largely ignored. In ensuing years, further studies have shown that @entity6 causes various types of @entity1 in @entity2 and @entity3 . The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Board of Scientific Counselors' Report on Carcinogens Subcommittee met in December 1998 to consider listing @entity6 as "reasonably anticipated to be a @entity0 carcinogen." In spite of recommendations from Dr. Bailer, the primary reviewer, and other scientists on the committee, the motion to list @entity6 in the report was defeated by a six to five vote, with one abstention. On the basis of animal studies, it is widely accepted that if a chemical is carcinogenic in appropriate laboratory animal test systems, it must be treated as though it were carcinogenic in @entity0 . In the face of compelling evidence, NTP Committee members who voted not to list @entity6 as "reasonably anticipated to be a @entity0 carcinogen" did a disservice to the general public; this action may cause needless exposure of many to health risks and possibly @entity1 .

title: Carcinogenicity of XXXX in @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity6 ) was added to @entity7 on a nationwide scale in 1992 without prior testing of adverse, toxic, or carcinogenic effects. Since that time, numerous reports have appeared describing adverse health effects of individuals exposed to @entity6 , both from inhalation of fumes in the workplace and while pumping @entity7 . Leakage of @entity6 , a highly water-soluble compound, from underground storage tanks has led to contamination of the water supply in many areas of the United States. Legislation has been passed by many states to prohibit the addition of @entity6 to @entity7 . The addition of @entity6 to @entity7 has not accomplished its stated goal of decreasing air pollution, and it has posed serious health risks to a large portion of the population, particularly the elderly and those with respiratory problems, @entity4 , and skin sensitivity. Reports of animal studies of carcinogenicity of @entity6 began to appear in the 1990s, prior to the widespread introduction of @entity6 into @entity7 . These reports were largely ignored. In ensuing years, further studies have shown that @entity6 causes various types of @entity1 in @entity2 and @entity3 . The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Board of Scientific Counselors' Report on Carcinogens Subcommittee met in December 1998 to consider listing @entity6 as "reasonably anticipated to be a @entity0 carcinogen." In spite of recommendations from Dr. Bailer, the primary reviewer, and other scientists on the committee, the motion to list @entity6 in the report was defeated by a six to five vote, with one abstention. On the basis of animal studies, it is widely accepted that if a chemical is carcinogenic in appropriate laboratory animal test systems, it must be treated as though it were carcinogenic in @entity0 . In the face of compelling evidence, NTP Committee members who voted not to list @entity6 as "reasonably anticipated to be a @entity0 carcinogen" did a disservice to the general public; this action may cause needless exposure of many to health risks and possibly @entity1 .

title: Carcinogenicity of @entity5 in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Information on @entity3 prevalence is either absent or largely unavailable for central European countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Austria, Germany, The Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and Switzerland cover a population of 13 million inhabitants. @entity3 registries in these countries supplied incidence and survival data for 465 000 cases of @entity3 . The prevalence of stomach, colon, rectum, lung, breast, cervix uteri, corpus uteri and @entity4 , as well as @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity7 and all @entity3 combined was estimated for the end of 1992. RESULTS: A large heterogeneity was observed within central European countries. For all @entity3 combined, estimates ranged from 730 per 100 000 in Poland ( @entity1 ) to 3350 per 100 000 in Germany ( @entity1 ). Overall @entity3 prevalence was the highest in Germany and Switzerland, and the lowest in Poland and Slovenia. In Slovakia, prevalence was higher than average for @entity1 and lower than average for @entity1 . This was observed for almost all ages. As shown by incidence data, @entity0 was the most frequent @entity3 among @entity1 in all countries. Among @entity1 , @entity4 was the leading @entity3 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, and @entity2 was the major @entity3 in Slovenia, Slovakia and Poland. The Netherlands had a high prevalence of both prostate and @entity2 . Time-related magnitude of prevalence within each country and the variability of such proportions across the countries has been estimated and @entity3 prevalence is given by time since diagnosis (1 year, 1-5 years, 5-10 years, >10 years) for each site. The weight of 1-year prevalence (248 per 100 000 among @entity1 and 253 per 100 000 among @entity1 ) was <15% of total prevalence. Prevalent cases between 1 and 5 years since diagnosis represented between 22% and 34% of the total prevalence. Prevalent cases diagnosed from 5 to 10 years before (335 per 100 000 for @entity1 and 505 per 100 000 for @entity1 ) represented between 17% and 23% of prevalent @entity3 . Finally, long-term @entity3 prevalence (diagnosed >10 years before), reflecting long-term survival, and number of @entity1 considered as cured from @entity3 were 490 per 100 000 for @entity1 and 1028 per 100 000 for @entity1 , with a range between 26% (The Netherlands, @entity1 ) and 50% (Slovakia, @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: It is clear from observing countries in Central Europe, that high @entity3 prevalence is associated with well-developed economies. This burden of @entity3 could be interpreted as a paradoxical effect of better treatments and thereby survival. It could also be taken as a sign for not being satisfied with the advances in treating @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3 , and for supporting more primary prevention.

title: XXXX prevalence in Central Europe: the EUROPREVAL Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: X-linked acro- @entity11 (X-LAG) syndrome is a newly described disease caused by microduplications on chromosome Xq26.3 leading to copy number gain of @entity12 . We describe the clinical progress of a sporadic @entity7 @entity0 with an Xq26.3 microduplication, highlighting the aggressive natural history of @entity6 growth in the absence of treatment. The @entity0 first presented elsewhere aged 5  years 8  months with a history of excessive growth for >2  years. His height was 163  cm, his weight was 36  kg, and he had markedly elevated GH and @entity5 . MRI showed a non-invasive sellar mass measuring 32.5  *  23.9  *  29.1  mm. Treatment was declined and the family was lost to follow-up. At the age of 10  years and 7  months, he presented again with @entity2 , @entity4 , and visual disturbance. His height had increased to 197  cm. MRI showed an invasive mass measuring 56.2  *  58.1  *  45.0  mm, with compression of optic chiasma, bilateral cavernous sinus invasion, and @entity8 . His thyrotrope, corticotrope, and gonadotrope axes were deficient. Surgery, @entity9 analogs, and @entity10 did not control vertical growth and pegvisomant was added, although vertical growth continues (currently 207  cm at 11  years 7  months of age). X-LAG syndrome is a new @entity3 in which early-onset pituitary tumorigenesis can lead to marked overgrowth and @entity11 . This case illustrates the aggressive nature of @entity1 evolution and the challenging clinical management in X-LAG syndrome.

title: Aggressive tumor growth and clinical evolution in a @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: X-linked acro- @entity11 (X-LAG) syndrome is a newly described disease caused by microduplications on chromosome Xq26.3 leading to copy number gain of @entity12 . We describe the clinical progress of a sporadic @entity7 @entity0 with an Xq26.3 microduplication, highlighting the aggressive natural history of @entity6 growth in the absence of treatment. The @entity0 first presented elsewhere aged 5  years 8  months with a history of excessive growth for >2  years. His height was 163  cm, his weight was 36  kg, and he had markedly elevated GH and @entity5 . MRI showed a non-invasive sellar mass measuring 32.5  *  23.9  *  29.1  mm. Treatment was declined and the family was lost to follow-up. At the age of 10  years and 7  months, he presented again with @entity2 , @entity4 , and visual disturbance. His height had increased to 197  cm. MRI showed an invasive mass measuring 56.2  *  58.1  *  45.0  mm, with compression of optic chiasma, bilateral cavernous sinus invasion, and @entity8 . His thyrotrope, corticotrope, and gonadotrope axes were deficient. Surgery, @entity9 analogs, and @entity10 did not control vertical growth and pegvisomant was added, although vertical growth continues (currently 207  cm at 11  years 7  months of age). X-LAG syndrome is a new @entity3 in which early-onset pituitary tumorigenesis can lead to marked overgrowth and @entity11 . This case illustrates the aggressive nature of @entity1 evolution and the challenging clinical management in X-LAG syndrome.

title: Aggressive tumor growth and clinical evolution in a XXXX with @entity7 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 has been used to treat @entity1 ( @entity1 ) caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) via different administration routes. Whether @entity0 may benefit from aerosolised @entity2 as adjunctive treatment was contradictory. We aimed to clarify the safety and efficacy of administering aerosolised and intravenous (IV-AS) @entity2 versus intravenous (IV) @entity2 alone in @entity0 with @entity1 caused by MDR-GNB. Two reviewers independently evaluated and extracted data from PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Primary outcomes were clinical response rate, all-cause mortality (ICU or hospital), microbiological eradication and nephrotoxicity. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated and significance was determined by the Z test. Nine eligible studies involving 672 @entity0 were included. The overall clinical response rate (improvement and cure) was significantly higher in the IV-AS group than that in the IV group [OR=1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-2.53; P=0.0005]. @entity0 treated with IV-AS @entity2 showed a higher rate of pathogen eradication (OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.11-2.49; P=0.01) and lower all-cause mortality compared with IV @entity2 (OR=0.69, 95% CI 0.50-0.95; P=0.02). Nephrotoxicity did not differ significantly between IV-AS and IV groups (five studies; 383 @entity0 ) (OR=1.11, 95% CI 0.69-1.80; P=0.67). These data indicate that IV-AS @entity2 has additional benefits compared with IV @entity2 alone. Clinicians should be encouraged to give combined administration routes in critically ill @entity0 with @entity1 caused by MDR-GNB.

title: Intravenous combined with aerosolised polymyxin versus intravenous polymyxin alone in the treatment of XXXX caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To elucidate the features of the @entity1 fibers contributing to the induction of @entity0 @entity3 , we used high-resolution analytical electron microscopy to determine the type, number, and dimensions of @entity1 fibers in lung and mesothelial tissues in 168 cases of @entity2 . RESULTS: 1. Asbestos fibers were present in almost all of the lung and mesothelial tissues from the @entity2 cases. 2. The most common types of @entity1 fibers in lung were either an admixture of chrysotile with amphiboles, amphibole alone, and occasionally chrysotile alone. In mesothelial tissues, most @entity1 fibers were chrysotile. 3. In lung, amosite fibers were greatest in number followed by chrysotile, @entity4 , @entity5 / @entity7 , and @entity6 . In mesothelial tissues, chrysotile fibers were 30.3 times more common than amphiboles. 4. In some @entity2 cases, the only @entity1 fibers detected in either lung or mesothelial tissue were chrysotile fibers. 5. The average number of @entity1 fibers in both lung and mesothelial tissues was two orders of magnitude greater than the number found in the general population. 6. The majority of @entity1 fibers in lung and mesothelial tissues were shorter than 5 micro m in length. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Fiber analysis of both lung and mesothelial tissues must be done to determine the types of @entity1 fibers associated with the induction of @entity0 @entity3 ; 2) short, thin @entity1 fibers should be included in the list of fiber types contributing to the induction of @entity0 @entity3 ; 3) RESULTS support the induction of @entity0 @entity3 by chrysotile.

title: Asbestos fibers contributing to the induction of @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: To elucidate the features of the @entity1 fibers contributing to the induction of @entity0 @entity3 , we used high-resolution analytical electron microscopy to determine the type, number, and dimensions of @entity1 fibers in lung and mesothelial tissues in 168 cases of @entity2 . RESULTS: 1. Asbestos fibers were present in almost all of the lung and mesothelial tissues from the @entity2 cases. 2. The most common types of @entity1 fibers in lung were either an admixture of chrysotile with amphiboles, amphibole alone, and occasionally chrysotile alone. In mesothelial tissues, most @entity1 fibers were chrysotile. 3. In lung, amosite fibers were greatest in number followed by chrysotile, @entity4 , @entity5 / @entity7 , and @entity6 . In mesothelial tissues, chrysotile fibers were 30.3 times more common than amphiboles. 4. In some @entity2 cases, the only @entity1 fibers detected in either lung or mesothelial tissue were chrysotile fibers. 5. The average number of @entity1 fibers in both lung and mesothelial tissues was two orders of magnitude greater than the number found in the general population. 6. The majority of @entity1 fibers in lung and mesothelial tissues were shorter than 5 micro m in length. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Fiber analysis of both lung and mesothelial tissues must be done to determine the types of @entity1 fibers associated with the induction of @entity0 @entity3 ; 2) short, thin @entity1 fibers should be included in the list of fiber types contributing to the induction of @entity0 @entity3 ; 3) RESULTS support the induction of @entity0 @entity3 by chrysotile.

title: Asbestos fibers contributing to the induction of XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most commonly used regimen for the treatment of advanced @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is ABVD ( @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity13 and @entity10 ). Two of these components, @entity9 and @entity10 , have defined @entity2 such as @entity12 and @entity4 / @entity5 , and also uncertain single-drug activity. The EVA regimen ( @entity11 , @entity13 , @entity6 ) is an attempt to substitute a known active agent, @entity11 , for @entity9 and @entity10 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A series of 51 @entity0 with advanced @entity8 without prior systemic therapy were treated. The series included 12 stage II @entity0 with bulky (>10 cm) mediastinal @entity1 , 10 of whom received complementary radiation therapy. The remaining @entity0 received EVA only. Response, duration of response, survival, @entity2 and the efficacy of salvage therapy were evaluated in all @entity0 . The median follow-up time was 111 months and permitted an assessment of the long-term effects of treatment and natural history of a cohort of treated @entity0 . RESULTS: EVA achieved a complete response (or clinical complete response) in 48/51 @entity0 (94%). Of these 48 responders, 16 relapsed in a median of 11 months (range 3-48 months). In follow-up, 32/51 @entity0 had no evidence of relapsed @entity8 , although three died from other causes (two from vascular events and one from @entity7 ), resulting in progression-free survival for the entire group of 57% at 111 months. Eight of the 16 were alive and free from disease at follow-up at 111 months. In the entire series, only seven @entity0 (14%) died of @entity8 . 37 @entity0 (73%) continued free from disease. There was no @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The EVA regimen appears to have an overall survival (OS) outcome comparable to ABVD, but without the @entity3 . The high salvage rate of second-line therapy, in most instances at conventional dosage, suggests an absence of cross-resistance to alkylating agents in @entity0 treated with EVA.

title: Primary systemic treatment of advanced XXXX with EVA ( @entity11 , @entity13 , @entity6 ): 10-year follow-up.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most commonly used regimen for the treatment of advanced @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is ABVD ( @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity13 and @entity10 ). Two of these components, @entity9 and @entity10 , have defined @entity2 such as @entity12 and @entity4 / @entity5 , and also uncertain single-drug activity. The EVA regimen ( @entity11 , @entity13 , @entity6 ) is an attempt to substitute a known active agent, @entity11 , for @entity9 and @entity10 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A series of 51 @entity0 with advanced @entity8 without prior systemic therapy were treated. The series included 12 stage II @entity0 with bulky (>10 cm) mediastinal @entity1 , 10 of whom received complementary radiation therapy. The remaining @entity0 received EVA only. Response, duration of response, survival, @entity2 and the efficacy of salvage therapy were evaluated in all @entity0 . The median follow-up time was 111 months and permitted an assessment of the long-term effects of treatment and natural history of a cohort of treated @entity0 . RESULTS: EVA achieved a complete response (or clinical complete response) in 48/51 @entity0 (94%). Of these 48 responders, 16 relapsed in a median of 11 months (range 3-48 months). In follow-up, 32/51 @entity0 had no evidence of relapsed @entity8 , although three died from other causes (two from vascular events and one from @entity7 ), resulting in progression-free survival for the entire group of 57% at 111 months. Eight of the 16 were alive and free from disease at follow-up at 111 months. In the entire series, only seven @entity0 (14%) died of @entity8 . 37 @entity0 (73%) continued free from disease. There was no @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The EVA regimen appears to have an overall survival (OS) outcome comparable to ABVD, but without the @entity3 . The high salvage rate of second-line therapy, in most instances at conventional dosage, suggests an absence of cross-resistance to alkylating agents in @entity0 treated with EVA.

title: Primary systemic treatment of advanced @entity8 with EVA ( @entity11 , @entity13 , XXXX ): 10-year follow-up.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most commonly used regimen for the treatment of advanced @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is ABVD ( @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity13 and @entity10 ). Two of these components, @entity9 and @entity10 , have defined @entity2 such as @entity12 and @entity4 / @entity5 , and also uncertain single-drug activity. The EVA regimen ( @entity11 , @entity13 , @entity6 ) is an attempt to substitute a known active agent, @entity11 , for @entity9 and @entity10 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A series of 51 @entity0 with advanced @entity8 without prior systemic therapy were treated. The series included 12 stage II @entity0 with bulky (>10 cm) mediastinal @entity1 , 10 of whom received complementary radiation therapy. The remaining @entity0 received EVA only. Response, duration of response, survival, @entity2 and the efficacy of salvage therapy were evaluated in all @entity0 . The median follow-up time was 111 months and permitted an assessment of the long-term effects of treatment and natural history of a cohort of treated @entity0 . RESULTS: EVA achieved a complete response (or clinical complete response) in 48/51 @entity0 (94%). Of these 48 responders, 16 relapsed in a median of 11 months (range 3-48 months). In follow-up, 32/51 @entity0 had no evidence of relapsed @entity8 , although three died from other causes (two from vascular events and one from @entity7 ), resulting in progression-free survival for the entire group of 57% at 111 months. Eight of the 16 were alive and free from disease at follow-up at 111 months. In the entire series, only seven @entity0 (14%) died of @entity8 . 37 @entity0 (73%) continued free from disease. There was no @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The EVA regimen appears to have an overall survival (OS) outcome comparable to ABVD, but without the @entity3 . The high salvage rate of second-line therapy, in most instances at conventional dosage, suggests an absence of cross-resistance to alkylating agents in @entity0 treated with EVA.

title: Primary systemic treatment of advanced @entity8 with EVA ( XXXX , @entity13 , @entity6 ): 10-year follow-up.

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most commonly used regimen for the treatment of advanced @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is ABVD ( @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity13 and @entity10 ). Two of these components, @entity9 and @entity10 , have defined @entity2 such as @entity12 and @entity4 / @entity5 , and also uncertain single-drug activity. The EVA regimen ( @entity11 , @entity13 , @entity6 ) is an attempt to substitute a known active agent, @entity11 , for @entity9 and @entity10 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A series of 51 @entity0 with advanced @entity8 without prior systemic therapy were treated. The series included 12 stage II @entity0 with bulky (>10 cm) mediastinal @entity1 , 10 of whom received complementary radiation therapy. The remaining @entity0 received EVA only. Response, duration of response, survival, @entity2 and the efficacy of salvage therapy were evaluated in all @entity0 . The median follow-up time was 111 months and permitted an assessment of the long-term effects of treatment and natural history of a cohort of treated @entity0 . RESULTS: EVA achieved a complete response (or clinical complete response) in 48/51 @entity0 (94%). Of these 48 responders, 16 relapsed in a median of 11 months (range 3-48 months). In follow-up, 32/51 @entity0 had no evidence of relapsed @entity8 , although three died from other causes (two from vascular events and one from @entity7 ), resulting in progression-free survival for the entire group of 57% at 111 months. Eight of the 16 were alive and free from disease at follow-up at 111 months. In the entire series, only seven @entity0 (14%) died of @entity8 . 37 @entity0 (73%) continued free from disease. There was no @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The EVA regimen appears to have an overall survival (OS) outcome comparable to ABVD, but without the @entity3 . The high salvage rate of second-line therapy, in most instances at conventional dosage, suggests an absence of cross-resistance to alkylating agents in @entity0 treated with EVA.

title: Primary systemic treatment of advanced @entity8 with EVA ( @entity11 , XXXX , @entity6 ): 10-year follow-up.

answer: @entity13


abstract: The present experiments were performed to study the effects of preovulatory levels of @entity2 on @entity3 -induced gonadotropin release. Twelve female volunteers in various phases of the menstrual cycle received @entity1 infusion for 66 h at a constant rate of 500 micrograms/24 h which is grossly equivalent to its production rate during the preovulatory follicular phase. In 8 of the @entity0 , @entity3 was administered concomitantly from 6 h after the initiation of @entity1 infusion. The administered doses of @entity3 were 2.5 and 5 micrograms/h. Blood samples obtained throughout the infusion were analysed for LH, FSH, @entity1 and @entity4 . The sole administration of @entity1 failed to induce the positive feedback effect on gonadotropin release within the experimental period in the early follicular phase (days 3-7) in 4 @entity0 . In 5 @entity0 treated during the follicular phase, remarkable LH releases were induced after a lag period by the infusion of both @entity3 and @entity1 . The induced LH surge formed a prolonged biphasic pattern. Although a similar pattern of FSH was observed in some cases, its response was minimal compared with that of LH. In 3 @entity0 during the luteal phase, however, a combined administration of @entity1 and @entity3 induced only a short term release of LH which was terminated in only 12 h. The present data indicate that 1) Preovulatory levels of @entity2 affect the late part of the LH surge which is induced by constant administration of low doses of @entity3 resulting in a prolonged biphasic release of LH, and 2) These effects of both hormones are not manifest in the presence of high levels of @entity4 . These results indicate the possibility of a role of @entity3 and @entity2 in the mechanism of the prolonged elevation of a gonadotropin surge at mid-cycle.

title: Biphasic stimulatory effects of XXXX on gonadotropin surges induced by continuous administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The present experiments were performed to study the effects of preovulatory levels of @entity2 on @entity3 -induced gonadotropin release. Twelve female volunteers in various phases of the menstrual cycle received @entity1 infusion for 66 h at a constant rate of 500 micrograms/24 h which is grossly equivalent to its production rate during the preovulatory follicular phase. In 8 of the @entity0 , @entity3 was administered concomitantly from 6 h after the initiation of @entity1 infusion. The administered doses of @entity3 were 2.5 and 5 micrograms/h. Blood samples obtained throughout the infusion were analysed for LH, FSH, @entity1 and @entity4 . The sole administration of @entity1 failed to induce the positive feedback effect on gonadotropin release within the experimental period in the early follicular phase (days 3-7) in 4 @entity0 . In 5 @entity0 treated during the follicular phase, remarkable LH releases were induced after a lag period by the infusion of both @entity3 and @entity1 . The induced LH surge formed a prolonged biphasic pattern. Although a similar pattern of FSH was observed in some cases, its response was minimal compared with that of LH. In 3 @entity0 during the luteal phase, however, a combined administration of @entity1 and @entity3 induced only a short term release of LH which was terminated in only 12 h. The present data indicate that 1) Preovulatory levels of @entity2 affect the late part of the LH surge which is induced by constant administration of low doses of @entity3 resulting in a prolonged biphasic release of LH, and 2) These effects of both hormones are not manifest in the presence of high levels of @entity4 . These results indicate the possibility of a role of @entity3 and @entity2 in the mechanism of the prolonged elevation of a gonadotropin surge at mid-cycle.

title: Biphasic stimulatory effects of @entity2 on gonadotropin surges induced by continuous administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Optimal methods for susceptibility testing of Candida spp. with @entity0 have not been determined. Breakpoints were recommended in 1984, but never validated. In this study, we compared the 1984 recommended macrodilution broth method (using an 80% endpoint) with a modification of the more recent NCCLS-recommended microdilution broth method with three endpoints-spectrophotometric 50% and 80% and a no growth endpoint determined by eye. NCCLS and British Society for Medical Mycology (BSMM) breakpoints were also compared. One hundred and fifty isolates comprised of @entity1 , @entity4 , Candida krusei, @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity5 were tested. Reproducibility was excellent. For @entity1 (n = 65), the correlation between tests was excellent (>75%), with few major discrepancies (<5%). For @entity4 (n = 27), correlation was good (59%), but there were a small number of major discrepancies (up to 11%, depending on breakpoint used). Results by the broth macrodilution method were generally higher than both microdilution methods for @entity2 (n = 16; correlation of 18.8%), but only one major discrepancy was seen. Ten of the 11 @entity3 isolates tested were susceptible by all methods, regardless of breakpoint chosen, with a correlation of 18.2%, but no major discrepancies were seen. A correlation between all methods (50%) was seen with @entity5 (n = 10), with many isolates resistant or intermediate. In contrast, correlation between methods for C. krusei was poor (<5%); NCCLS microtitre modification produced results that were classified as intermediate or resistant, regardless of the breakpoint used. The methodology for susceptibility testing @entity1 is robust. Additional work to optimize susceptibility testing with @entity0 is necessary for non-albicans Candida species, especially C. krusei.

title: Comparison of three methods for in vitro susceptibility testing of Candida species with XXXX .

answer: @entity0