abstract: Free flap surgical procedures are technically challenging, and @entity4 failure may lead to arterial or @entity6 and flap @entity1 . To improve myocutaneous flap survival rates, more reliable methods to detect @entity2 are needed. On the basis of theoretical considerations, @entity9 tension, reflecting intracellular @entity8 , may be suitable indicators of @entity2 . It was hypothesized that tissue @entity9 tension increased rapidly when metabolism became anaerobic and would be correlated with acute venoarterial differences in @entity10 levels, @entity11 levels, and acid-base parameters. Because @entity3 have been observed to be less pronounced in flaps with @entity6 , it was hypothesized that tissue @entity9 tension and venoarterial differences in @entity10 and @entity11 levels and acid-base parameters would increase less during @entity6 than during @entity6 . In 14 @entity12 , latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps were surgically isolated, exposed to acute @entity2 for 150 minutes with complete @entity6 (seven subjects) or @entity6 (seven subjects), and reperfused for 30 minutes. After @entity6 , pedicle blood flow decreased immediately to less than 10 percent of baseline flow. Blood flow decreased more slowly after @entity6 but within 3 minutes reached almost the same low levels as observed during @entity6 . Venous @entity0 saturation decreased from approximately 70 percent to approximately 20 percent, whereas @entity0 uptake was almost arrested. Tissue @entity9 tension increased to two times baseline values in both groups (p < 0.01). The venoarterial differences in @entity9 tension, pH, base excess, @entity5 levels, @entity10 levels, and @entity11 levels increased significantly (p < 0.01). Tissue @entity9 tension measured during the occlusion period were closely correlated with venoarterial differences in pH, base excess, @entity5 levels, @entity10 levels, and @entity11 levels (median r2, 0.67 to 0.92). After termination of arterial or @entity6 , more pronounced @entity7 was observed in the @entity6 group than in the @entity6 group (p < 0.05). @entity0 uptake (p < 0.05) and venoarterial differences in @entity10 and @entity11 levels (p < 0.05) were significantly more pronounced in the @entity6 group. In the @entity6 group, with less pronounced @entity7 , venoarterial differences in acid-base parameters remained significantly different from baseline values before occlusion (p < 0.01). The data indicate that tissue @entity9 tension can be used to detect anaerobic metabolism, caused by arterial or @entity6 , in myocutaneous flaps. The correlations between @entity9 tension and venoarterial differences in acid-base parameters were excellent. Because @entity9 tension can be measured continuously in real time, such measurements are more likely to represent a clinically useful parameter than are venoarterial differences.

title: Tissue @entity9 tension: a putative specific indicator of XXXX in porcine latissimus dorsi flaps.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lameness in dairy herds is traditionally detected by visual inspection, which is time-consuming and subjective. Compared with healthy @entity0 , lame @entity0 often spend longer time lying down, walk less and change behaviour around feeding time. Accelerometers measuring @entity0 leg activity may assist farmers in detecting lame @entity0 . On four commercial farms, accelerometer data were derived from hind leg-mounted accelerometers on 348 Holstein @entity0 , 53 of them during two lactations. The @entity0 were milked twice daily and had no access to pasture. During a lactation, @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was assessed on average 2.4 times (s.d. 1.3). Based on daily lying duration, standing duration, walking duration, total number of steps, step frequency, @entity3 ( @entity3 , i.e. total acceleration) for lying, standing and walking, eight accelerometer means and their corresponding coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated for each week immediately before an @entity1 . A principal component analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the variables. The effects of @entity1 and farm on the principal components (PC) and on the variables were analysed in a mixed model. The first four PC accounted for 27%, 18%, 12% and 10% of the total variation, respectively. @entity4 corresponded to Activity variability due to heavy loading by five CV variables related to standing and walking. @entity5 corresponded to Activity level due to heavy loading by @entity3 walking, @entity3 standing and walking duration. @entity4 corresponded to Recumbency due to heavy loading by four variables related to lying. PC4 corresponded mainly to Stepping due to heavy loading by step frequency. Activity variability at LS4 was significantly higher than at the lower @entity1 levels. Activity level was significantly higher at LS1 than at LS2, which was significantly higher than at LS4. Recumbency was unaffected by @entity1 . Stepping at LS1 and LS2 was significantly higher than at LS3 and LS4. Activity level was significantly lower on farm 3 compared with farms 1 and 2. Stepping was significantly lower on farms 1 and 3 compared with farms 2 and 4. @entity3 standing indicated increased restlessness while standing when @entity0 increased from LS3 to LS4. Lying duration was only increased in lame @entity0 . In conclusion, Activity level differed already between LS1 and LS2, thus detecting early signs of @entity2 , particularly through contributions from walking duration and @entity3 walking. @entity2 models including walking duration, @entity3 walking and @entity3 standing seem worthy of further investigation.

title: XXXX via leg-mounted accelerometers on dairy @entity0 on four commercial farms.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lameness in dairy herds is traditionally detected by visual inspection, which is time-consuming and subjective. Compared with healthy @entity0 , lame @entity0 often spend longer time lying down, walk less and change behaviour around feeding time. Accelerometers measuring @entity0 leg activity may assist farmers in detecting lame @entity0 . On four commercial farms, accelerometer data were derived from hind leg-mounted accelerometers on 348 Holstein @entity0 , 53 of them during two lactations. The @entity0 were milked twice daily and had no access to pasture. During a lactation, @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was assessed on average 2.4 times (s.d. 1.3). Based on daily lying duration, standing duration, walking duration, total number of steps, step frequency, @entity3 ( @entity3 , i.e. total acceleration) for lying, standing and walking, eight accelerometer means and their corresponding coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated for each week immediately before an @entity1 . A principal component analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the variables. The effects of @entity1 and farm on the principal components (PC) and on the variables were analysed in a mixed model. The first four PC accounted for 27%, 18%, 12% and 10% of the total variation, respectively. @entity4 corresponded to Activity variability due to heavy loading by five CV variables related to standing and walking. @entity5 corresponded to Activity level due to heavy loading by @entity3 walking, @entity3 standing and walking duration. @entity4 corresponded to Recumbency due to heavy loading by four variables related to lying. PC4 corresponded mainly to Stepping due to heavy loading by step frequency. Activity variability at LS4 was significantly higher than at the lower @entity1 levels. Activity level was significantly higher at LS1 than at LS2, which was significantly higher than at LS4. Recumbency was unaffected by @entity1 . Stepping at LS1 and LS2 was significantly higher than at LS3 and LS4. Activity level was significantly lower on farm 3 compared with farms 1 and 2. Stepping was significantly lower on farms 1 and 3 compared with farms 2 and 4. @entity3 standing indicated increased restlessness while standing when @entity0 increased from LS3 to LS4. Lying duration was only increased in lame @entity0 . In conclusion, Activity level differed already between LS1 and LS2, thus detecting early signs of @entity2 , particularly through contributions from walking duration and @entity3 walking. @entity2 models including walking duration, @entity3 walking and @entity3 standing seem worthy of further investigation.

title: @entity2 via leg-mounted accelerometers on dairy XXXX on four commercial farms.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy remains the mainstay of the diagnosis of @entity2 . Although this diagnostic method is a safe procedure and well tolerated by most @entity0 a significant number of @entity0 report discomfort and @entity1 during prostate biopsy. In order to define the best method of anesthesia, many studies, in which different methods were compared, have been performed. To determine the effectiveness of local injection anesthesia in TRUS-guided prostate biopsy, we designed and performed this prospective study in order to evaluate the utility of @entity3 for @entity1 management. A total of 100 @entity0 who had elevated total @entity4 and/or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) were included in this study. Half of the @entity0 received periprostatic injection anesthesia (group I) and the remaining half received placebo (group II). @entity0 received 10 cm3 (5 cm3 each side) 1% @entity5 injected into the periprostatic nerve plexus under transrectal ultrasonic guidance. @entity1 during biopsy was assessed using a 10-point modified visual analog scale (VAS). In groups I and II, mean @entity0 age was 66.8+2.5 and 65.6+11.5 y, mean tPSA was 7.87+/-3.6 and 11.3+/-1.7 ng/ml, mean biopsy duration was 6.5+/-2.5 and 6.6+/-2.2 min and mean @entity1 score during TRUS-guided biopsy was 1.46+/-2.2 and 4.5+/-2.1, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed with respect to age, tPSA and mean biopsy duration between these groups. Mean @entity1 VAS score was statistically or significantly better (P=0.0001) in the @entity5 injection group (group I), and furthermore no @entity0 had a VAS @entity1 score > or =5 in this group. Only minor and transient complications occurred in both groups. This study reinforces the usage of @entity3 as a standard method of @entity1 management during TRUS-guided prostate biopsy, because it is simple, safe, uncostly and significantly effective without requiring additional time.

title: Transrectal periprostatic XXXX injection anesthesia for transrectal prostate biopsy: a prospective study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the experience in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the relation between @entity2 and the damage of brain. METHODS: In 28 @entity0 with @entity2 , 23 were operated on. They complained of vertigo, @entity3 , and claudication of arms. One @entity0 suffered from severe stem @entity1 spasm. All the @entity0 were subjected to subtraction angiography. Fifteen of them showed retrograde flow in the vertebral arteries. Transcranial Doppler revealed retrograde blood flow in 8 @entity0 . Single photon emission tomography showed inadequate blood supply to the brain with affected subclavian arteries in 4 @entity0 . Carotid-subclavian arterial bypass was performed in 16 @entity0 , axilloauxillary bypass in 3, PTA in 1, and aorta-carotid graft bypass in 3. RESULTS: 13 @entity0 (13/23) had their cerebrovascular symptoms relieved. Transcranial Doppler and emission tomography after operation showed nothing abnormal. CONCLUSION: @entity2 is harmful and the @entity0 should be closely monitored by means of transcranial Doppler and emission tomography.

title: XXXX : report of 28 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: There are two kinds of comparison in family planning (FP) practice. First, @entity0 compare the number of @entity0 they have with their desired family size. Second, @entity0 compare their number of @entity0 with other's. The extent of their satisfaction from the comparison often depends on their expectation. And @entity0 's expectation about their family size may have an impact on the level of fertility. One task in a FP program is to regulate @entity0 's objects for comparison and to reduce the number of @entity0 they expect to have. But, changes in @entity0 's desired number of @entity0 are largely dependent upon the socio economic charges which can not be achieved in short time. Therefore, it would be more advisable to direct @entity0 to compare their fertility behavior with those of couples who have only one @entity0 , rather than those who have 3 or 4. Satisfaction with family size also comes from a feeling of @entity1 . @entity0 not only look at what they get, but also at what others get. @entity1 and justice in FP program implementation is important. If those who violate local birth control policies and regulations are not properly punished, other @entity0 would feel that the situation is unfair and they would regret that they did not do the same. The pressure brought by over-population to socio-economic development has been gradually felt by most @entity0 . But, it is still difficult to have them strictly observe the present fertility regulation policy. If restrictions of various kinds are enforced and education and publicity are used, @entity0 will feel that they are being treated fairly. This will facilitate the promotion of the FP program.

title: [Comparison and XXXX in family planning].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Although diseases of the lower gastrointestinal tract are common in @entity0 with @entity2 , there is a paucity of data regarding postoperative outcomes after colorectal surgery. METHODS: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (2007-2011) was utilized to analyze outcomes in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) undergoing colorectal surgery. Main outcomes were risk-adjusted inpatient morbidity, mortality, hospital charge, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: A total of 6490 @entity0 were identified. Utilization of laparoscopic surgery in @entity2 @entity0 has progressively increased in frequency over the latest 5  years analyzed. The most common diagnoses were @entity1 (39  %) and @entity3 (20  %). Right hemicolectomy (37  %) and sigmoidectomy (30  %) were the most common operations. Laparoscopy was used in 18  % of @entity2 @entity0 and most commonly in the elective setting. 54.3  % of @entity2 @entity0 had emergency surgery compared to 38.6  % in @entity2 . Overall morbidity and mortality were significantly lower after laparoscopic surgery compared to open (20 vs. 25  % and 2.1 vs. 6.6  %, respectively). Length of stay was significantly shorter (OR -1.86; p   <   0.01) for laparoscopic operations, but there were no significant differences in risk-adjusted outcomes between laparoscopic and open groups. CONCLUSION: @entity2 @entity0 have high rates of morbidity and mortality after colorectal surgery; this may be because more than half of all @entity0 in this population undergo emergent surgery. The laparoscopic approach appears to have short-term benefits in this @entity0 population.

title: Colorectal surgery in XXXX -outcomes and predictors of mortality.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The USIT-tool is used to investigate the health care chain of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in a Dutch region. The advantage of the USIT-tool is that is results in insight in the relevant problems, solutions and constraints of the caregivers both in the organisational and the information technological area. The main problem in the @entity1 -health care chain proved to be the lack of co-ordination and the inefficient communication between caregivers. Although most caregivers were convinced of the need to improve delivered care for @entity1 - @entity0 , most of them also expressed that they would spend little time and energy on improving @entity1 -care, because of the low relevance of @entity1 -care compared to other kinds of care. To improve care, taking in account this constraint we propose to build a @entity0 Relation Management (PRM) System. A PRM is a simple web-based application that is based on agreement by the caregivers about the route an @entity1 - @entity0 should follow through health care. PRM supports routing, tracking and tracing of a @entity0 and supplies the caregivers with professional guidelines. The PRM-concept can easily be expanded to other @entity0 groups or diseases and can serve as a first step to a regional Electronic @entity0 Record. It is likely that we would have suggested a far more complicated ICT solution if we had only analysed the @entity1 -care process as such, without specific consideration of the USIT dimensions. The USIT analysis helped us to balance the breadth of the proposed solution with the nature of the situation the future users of the system are in.

title: XXXX relation management: a relevant solution to connect the links of a healthcare chain.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the relationship between continuity of care and the quality of care received by @entity0 with @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: We used a cross-sectional @entity0 survey and medical record review. POPULATION: Consecutive @entity0 with an established diagnosis of @entity1 presented to 1 of 6 clinics within the Residency Research Network of South Texas, a network of 6 family practice residencies affiliated with the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. OUTCOMES MEASURED: Continuity was measured as the proportion of visits within the past year to the @entity0 's usual primary care provider. A quality of care score was computed based on the American @entity1 Association's Provider Recognition Program criteria from data collected through medical record review and @entity0 surveys. Each @entity0 was awarded points based on the presence or absence of each criterion. RESULTS: The continuity score was associated significantly with the quality of care score in the anticipated direction (r =.15, P =.04). @entity0 who had seen their usual providers within the past year were significantly more likely to have had an eye examination, a foot examination, 2 blood pressure measurements, and a lipid analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Continuity of care is associated with the quality of care received by @entity0 with @entity1 . Continuity of care may influence provider and @entity0 behaviors in ways that improve quality. Further research on how continuity contributes to improved quality is needed.

title: Continuity and quality of care in type 2 XXXX : a Residency Research Network of South Texas study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Chemotherapeutic resistance in @entity0 , whether acquired or intrinsic, remains a major clinical obstacle. Thus, increasing @entity2 cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents will be helpful in improving the clinical management of @entity0 . In the present study, we found an induction of @entity9 expression in @entity5 ( @entity6 )-treated MDA-MB-231 @entity1 @entity0 cells, which showed insensitivity to @entity6 treatment. Knockdown @entity9 expression dramatically upregulated the incidence of MDA-MB-231 cell @entity4 under @entity6 treatment, indicating that @entity9 functions as a critical contributor to drug resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells. We further observed that @entity6 exposure induced a cytoprotective autophagic flux in MDA-MB-231 cells, which was dependent on @entity9 induction. Moreover, upregulation of @entity9 expression required the activation of both @entity7 and its upstream regulator, protein kinase @entity8 . Abrogating @entity8 / @entity7 pathway activation attenuated @entity9 and autophagy induction, thus increasing the chemosensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells. Therefore, we conclude that @entity8 / @entity7 -dependent @entity9 induction protects MDA-MB-231 @entity0 cells from @entity6 -induced @entity4 through promoting autophagy. In the following study, we further demonstrated the contribution of @entity8 / @entity7 / @entity9 /autophagy pathway activation to @entity6 resistance in another @entity0 cell line, MDA-MB-468, which bears a similar phenotype to MDA-MB-231 cells. Therefore, activation of @entity8 / @entity7 / @entity9 /autophagy signaling pathway might play a general role in protecting certain subtypes of @entity0 cells from @entity6 -induced @entity3 . Targeting this signaling event may provide a potential approach for overcoming @entity6 resistance in @entity0 therapeutics.

title: XXXX / @entity7 -dependent heme oxygenase-1 induction mediates chemoresistance of @entity0 cells to @entity5 by promoting autophagy.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Chemotherapeutic resistance in @entity0 , whether acquired or intrinsic, remains a major clinical obstacle. Thus, increasing @entity2 cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents will be helpful in improving the clinical management of @entity0 . In the present study, we found an induction of @entity9 expression in @entity5 ( @entity6 )-treated MDA-MB-231 @entity1 @entity0 cells, which showed insensitivity to @entity6 treatment. Knockdown @entity9 expression dramatically upregulated the incidence of MDA-MB-231 cell @entity4 under @entity6 treatment, indicating that @entity9 functions as a critical contributor to drug resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells. We further observed that @entity6 exposure induced a cytoprotective autophagic flux in MDA-MB-231 cells, which was dependent on @entity9 induction. Moreover, upregulation of @entity9 expression required the activation of both @entity7 and its upstream regulator, protein kinase @entity8 . Abrogating @entity8 / @entity7 pathway activation attenuated @entity9 and autophagy induction, thus increasing the chemosensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells. Therefore, we conclude that @entity8 / @entity7 -dependent @entity9 induction protects MDA-MB-231 @entity0 cells from @entity6 -induced @entity4 through promoting autophagy. In the following study, we further demonstrated the contribution of @entity8 / @entity7 / @entity9 /autophagy pathway activation to @entity6 resistance in another @entity0 cell line, MDA-MB-468, which bears a similar phenotype to MDA-MB-231 cells. Therefore, activation of @entity8 / @entity7 / @entity9 /autophagy signaling pathway might play a general role in protecting certain subtypes of @entity0 cells from @entity6 -induced @entity3 . Targeting this signaling event may provide a potential approach for overcoming @entity6 resistance in @entity0 therapeutics.

title: @entity8 / XXXX -dependent heme oxygenase-1 induction mediates chemoresistance of @entity0 cells to @entity5 by promoting autophagy.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Chemotherapeutic resistance in @entity0 , whether acquired or intrinsic, remains a major clinical obstacle. Thus, increasing @entity2 cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents will be helpful in improving the clinical management of @entity0 . In the present study, we found an induction of @entity9 expression in @entity5 ( @entity6 )-treated MDA-MB-231 @entity1 @entity0 cells, which showed insensitivity to @entity6 treatment. Knockdown @entity9 expression dramatically upregulated the incidence of MDA-MB-231 cell @entity4 under @entity6 treatment, indicating that @entity9 functions as a critical contributor to drug resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells. We further observed that @entity6 exposure induced a cytoprotective autophagic flux in MDA-MB-231 cells, which was dependent on @entity9 induction. Moreover, upregulation of @entity9 expression required the activation of both @entity7 and its upstream regulator, protein kinase @entity8 . Abrogating @entity8 / @entity7 pathway activation attenuated @entity9 and autophagy induction, thus increasing the chemosensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells. Therefore, we conclude that @entity8 / @entity7 -dependent @entity9 induction protects MDA-MB-231 @entity0 cells from @entity6 -induced @entity4 through promoting autophagy. In the following study, we further demonstrated the contribution of @entity8 / @entity7 / @entity9 /autophagy pathway activation to @entity6 resistance in another @entity0 cell line, MDA-MB-468, which bears a similar phenotype to MDA-MB-231 cells. Therefore, activation of @entity8 / @entity7 / @entity9 /autophagy signaling pathway might play a general role in protecting certain subtypes of @entity0 cells from @entity6 -induced @entity3 . Targeting this signaling event may provide a potential approach for overcoming @entity6 resistance in @entity0 therapeutics.

title: @entity8 / @entity7 -dependent heme oxygenase-1 induction mediates chemoresistance of XXXX cells to @entity5 by promoting autophagy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Chemotherapeutic resistance in @entity0 , whether acquired or intrinsic, remains a major clinical obstacle. Thus, increasing @entity2 cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents will be helpful in improving the clinical management of @entity0 . In the present study, we found an induction of @entity9 expression in @entity5 ( @entity6 )-treated MDA-MB-231 @entity1 @entity0 cells, which showed insensitivity to @entity6 treatment. Knockdown @entity9 expression dramatically upregulated the incidence of MDA-MB-231 cell @entity4 under @entity6 treatment, indicating that @entity9 functions as a critical contributor to drug resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells. We further observed that @entity6 exposure induced a cytoprotective autophagic flux in MDA-MB-231 cells, which was dependent on @entity9 induction. Moreover, upregulation of @entity9 expression required the activation of both @entity7 and its upstream regulator, protein kinase @entity8 . Abrogating @entity8 / @entity7 pathway activation attenuated @entity9 and autophagy induction, thus increasing the chemosensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells. Therefore, we conclude that @entity8 / @entity7 -dependent @entity9 induction protects MDA-MB-231 @entity0 cells from @entity6 -induced @entity4 through promoting autophagy. In the following study, we further demonstrated the contribution of @entity8 / @entity7 / @entity9 /autophagy pathway activation to @entity6 resistance in another @entity0 cell line, MDA-MB-468, which bears a similar phenotype to MDA-MB-231 cells. Therefore, activation of @entity8 / @entity7 / @entity9 /autophagy signaling pathway might play a general role in protecting certain subtypes of @entity0 cells from @entity6 -induced @entity3 . Targeting this signaling event may provide a potential approach for overcoming @entity6 resistance in @entity0 therapeutics.

title: @entity8 / @entity7 -dependent heme oxygenase-1 induction mediates chemoresistance of @entity0 cells to XXXX by promoting autophagy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Relaxin and its receptor @entity2 are co-expressed in Sertoli cells, and relaxin can stimulate proliferation of Sertoli cells. In this study, we investigated a role of relaxin in spermatogenesis, using a short-term culture of testicular cells of the @entity1 that allowed differentiation of spermatogonia to spermatids. Sertoli, germ, and peritubular myoid cells were the predominant cell types in the culture. Sertoli and germ cells expressed @entity2 . Cultures were incubated without (control) or with 0.5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) or 100  ng/mL H2 relaxin (RLN) for 2  days. Cell organization, number, and differentiation were analyzed after 2 (D2), 5 (D5) or 8 (D8) days of culturing. Although the proportion of germ cells decayed from D2 to D5, the relative contribution of @entity0 C, 2C, and 4C germ cell populations remained constant in the control group during the whole culture. RLN did not affect the proportion of germ cell populations compared with control, but increased gene and/or protein expression of the undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonia markers @entity3 and c-KIT, and of the post-meiotic marker @entity4 in D5. RLN favored organization of cells in tubule-like structures, the arrangement of myoid cells around the tubules, arrangement of c-KIT-positive spermatogonia at the basal region of the tubules, and expression of the cell junction protein b-catenin close to the plasma membrane region. Knockdown of relaxin with small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced expression of b-catenin at the cell junctions, and shifted its expression to the nucleus. We propose that relaxin may affect spermatogenesis by modulating spermatogonial self renewal and favoring cell contact.

title: Relaxin affects cell organization and early and late stages of spermatogenesis in a coculture of XXXX testicular cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze @entity0 results after laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (epi-LASEK) for @entity4 and myopic @entity3 . SETTING: Private practice setting, Columbus, Ohio, USA. METHODS: Three hundred forty-three eyes of 188 @entity0 with @entity4 or myopic @entity3 were prospectively evaluated after having epi-LASEK by a single surgeon using the VISX Star S2 excimer laser. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), manifest refraction, @entity2 , time to epithelial healing, and postoperative haze were recorded. The @entity0 were followed for up to 6 months. RESULTS: The mean preoperative sphere and cylinder were -5.42 diopters (D) +/- 2.62 (SD) (range -1.0 to -14.0 D) and 0.87 +/- 0.75 D (range 0 to 4.75 D), respectively. At 1 week, the mean UCVA was 20/30. At 6 months, it was 20/40 or better in 98% of @entity0 . At 3 months, 78% and 92% of @entity0 were within +/-0.5 D and +/-1.0 D, respectively, of the intended correction. This improved to 85% and 94%, respectively, at 6 months. The mean time to epithelial healing was 4.76 days (range 3 to 9 days). Most @entity0 (87%) reported no @entity2 . In the first 3 months, haze was noted in 1.6% of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Epi-LASEK appeared to be a safe and effective treatment for the correction of @entity4 and myopic @entity3 . Most @entity0 achieved postoperative visual acuities comparable to those with laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy. There was a low incidence of haze and @entity1 postoperatively.

title: Epi-LASEK for the correction of XXXX and myopic @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze @entity0 results after laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (epi-LASEK) for @entity4 and myopic @entity3 . SETTING: Private practice setting, Columbus, Ohio, USA. METHODS: Three hundred forty-three eyes of 188 @entity0 with @entity4 or myopic @entity3 were prospectively evaluated after having epi-LASEK by a single surgeon using the VISX Star S2 excimer laser. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), manifest refraction, @entity2 , time to epithelial healing, and postoperative haze were recorded. The @entity0 were followed for up to 6 months. RESULTS: The mean preoperative sphere and cylinder were -5.42 diopters (D) +/- 2.62 (SD) (range -1.0 to -14.0 D) and 0.87 +/- 0.75 D (range 0 to 4.75 D), respectively. At 1 week, the mean UCVA was 20/30. At 6 months, it was 20/40 or better in 98% of @entity0 . At 3 months, 78% and 92% of @entity0 were within +/-0.5 D and +/-1.0 D, respectively, of the intended correction. This improved to 85% and 94%, respectively, at 6 months. The mean time to epithelial healing was 4.76 days (range 3 to 9 days). Most @entity0 (87%) reported no @entity2 . In the first 3 months, haze was noted in 1.6% of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Epi-LASEK appeared to be a safe and effective treatment for the correction of @entity4 and myopic @entity3 . Most @entity0 achieved postoperative visual acuities comparable to those with laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy. There was a low incidence of haze and @entity1 postoperatively.

title: Epi-LASEK for the correction of @entity4 and myopic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether lens epithelial cells (LECs) undergo apoptosis during healing after @entity2 surgery to further characterize the healing process of the postoperative lens capsule. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan. METHODS: Apoptotic cells were detected in @entity0 postoperative lens capsules using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxy- @entity3 nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. The effect of exogenous @entity4 ( @entity4 ) on @entity1 LEC apoptosis was also examined in an organ-culture system. RESULTS: Three of 17 postoperative specimens contained TUNEL-positive cells. In 2 lens capsules obtained earlier than 10 days, many TUNEL-positive cells, presumably apoptotic LECs, were observed beneath the residual anterior capsule. In cell multilayers in capsule opacification extracted later than 10 days, a few TUNEL-positive cells were seen in 1 specimen; most cells remained negative. In @entity1 lenses organ-cultured with 1.0 ng/mL @entity4 for 48 hours, TUNEL-positive cells were detected beneath the lens capsule. CONCLUSIONS: Lens epithelial cells undergo apoptosis during healing after @entity2 surgery, especially in the early phase. @entity4 may be a factor inducing apoptosis in in vivo LECs.

title: Lens epithelial cell death after XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study developed a semantic differential scale for assessing self-image during hot flushes, based on a previously published scale (Nursing Res. 35 (1986) 81). The objectives were to explore the sensitivity and validity of this scale, and to examine whether poor self-image during hot flushes is linked to @entity2 , perceived control, flush frequency, flush chronicity, self-esteem and @entity1 . METHOD: Two community samples of @entity0 with current experience of hot flushes completed a postal questionnaire. RESULTS: The semantic differential scale was sensitive to individual differences in self-image, and was validated through its association with measured self-esteem using a standardised scale. Defining the self in negative ways during flushes was highly predictive of @entity2 . Poor self-image was also closely associated with @entity1 . Correlations with perceived control, and flush frequency were weaker and did not reach significance in the second, smaller sample. CONCLUSION: The study extends previous findings that @entity0 low in self-esteem have more difficulty coping with menopausal changes, by showing that negative self-appraisal during flushes (e.g. defining self as unattractive or dirty) are highly demoralising and associated with distress. The findings suggest that cognitive behavioural strategies of challenging and re-interpreting thoughts about self could be helpful in moderating the discomfort and stressfulness of hot flushes for @entity0 not taking HRT. However, the findings are based on relatively small, volunteer samples and require further replication.

title: Exploring self-image during hot flushes using a semantic differential scale: associations between poor self-image, XXXX , @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study developed a semantic differential scale for assessing self-image during hot flushes, based on a previously published scale (Nursing Res. 35 (1986) 81). The objectives were to explore the sensitivity and validity of this scale, and to examine whether poor self-image during hot flushes is linked to @entity2 , perceived control, flush frequency, flush chronicity, self-esteem and @entity1 . METHOD: Two community samples of @entity0 with current experience of hot flushes completed a postal questionnaire. RESULTS: The semantic differential scale was sensitive to individual differences in self-image, and was validated through its association with measured self-esteem using a standardised scale. Defining the self in negative ways during flushes was highly predictive of @entity2 . Poor self-image was also closely associated with @entity1 . Correlations with perceived control, and flush frequency were weaker and did not reach significance in the second, smaller sample. CONCLUSION: The study extends previous findings that @entity0 low in self-esteem have more difficulty coping with menopausal changes, by showing that negative self-appraisal during flushes (e.g. defining self as unattractive or dirty) are highly demoralising and associated with distress. The findings suggest that cognitive behavioural strategies of challenging and re-interpreting thoughts about self could be helpful in moderating the discomfort and stressfulness of hot flushes for @entity0 not taking HRT. However, the findings are based on relatively small, volunteer samples and require further replication.

title: Exploring self-image during hot flushes using a semantic differential scale: associations between poor self-image, @entity1 , XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case of a traumatic dislocation of an Ophtec Artisan phakic anterior chamber intraocular lens. METHODS: Retrospective case review. RESULTS: A 38-year-old female underwent successful implantation of an Ophtec Artisan lens in her left eye as part of the phase III U.S. clinical trials. Approximately 5 months postoperatively, the @entity0 was struck with a roll of packing tape in her left eye and noted immediate @entity2 . Following the @entity1 , the @entity0 had an uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/60 and a best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) of 20/20. The wound was intact, however, the superior claw was no longer enclaved to the iris and the lens had dislocated nasally with the optic of the lens resting in the angle. The @entity0 was taken back to the operating room, the lens was repositioned, and the superior claw was re-enclaved to the iris. One week after repositioning, UCVA was 20/30 and BSCVA was 20/20. CONCLUSION: Despite adequate positioning, significant @entity1 may result in the iris claw tearing free from the iris with dislocation of the Artisan lens. The lens may be repositioned with good visual outcome, however, the long-term effects on endothelial cell density in this @entity0 remain to be seen.

title: XXXX of an Ophtec Artisan phakic intraocular lens.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether a continuous regional infusion of a local anesthetic delivered to the operative site would result in decreased levels of @entity2 and narcotic requirements for @entity0 who undergo a standard median sternotomy for cardiac surgery. METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at a single center. @entity0 who were undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery alone or combined with laser transmyocardial revascularization received bilateral intercostal nerve blocks with either @entity4 or saline. At wound closure, 2 catheters with multiple side openings were inserted percutaneously and placed directly over the sternum. The same agent ( @entity4 vs saline) was then administered as a continuous regional infusion for 48 hours through an elastomeric pump. Requirements for postoperative systemic narcotic analgesics and @entity1 assessment scores were recorded for 72 hours after the operation. Secondary outcome measures were hospital length of stay and pulmonary function test results. @entity1 scores and narcotic use on the second postoperative day were also compared to avoid the confounding influence of anesthesia administered at the time of the operation. RESULTS: The total amount of @entity3 required by the @entity4 group was significantly less than that of the control group (47.3 vs 78.7 mg, respectively; P =.038). The @entity4 group required less narcotics on postoperative day 2 as well (15.5 vs 29.4 mg, P =.025). The mean overall @entity1 scores for the @entity4 group were significantly less than the mean overall scores for the normal saline group (1.6 vs 2.6, respectively; P =.005). @entity0 receiving @entity4 had a mean length of stay of 5.2 days compared with 8.2 days for @entity0 in the normal saline group (P =.001). Excluding the data from outliers (length of stay = 39 days), the normal saline group mean length of stay was 6.3 days (P <.01). There was no difference in assessment of pulmonary function. CONCLUSION: Continuous delivery of local anesthetics significantly improved @entity2 control while decreasing the amount of @entity3 required in @entity0 who underwent standard median sternotomy. There was also a significant decrease in hospital length of stay, which is likely to result in significant cost reductions.

title: Improved XXXX control after cardiac surgery: results of a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity0 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting are older and have greater comorbidity than those operated on previously. We evaluated the changes in the predictors of in-hospital mortality among @entity0 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting during the last 12 years. METHODS: Data on demographic characteristics, preoperative risk factors, operative variables, and hospital outcomes were collected prospectively for all @entity0 undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting at a single institution from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2001. To examine the effect of time on @entity0 risk profiles and outcomes, we divided @entity0 into three groups according to year of operation (1990-1993 n = 5171, 1994-1997 n = 5977, 1998-2001 n = 6893). RESULTS: In-hospital mortality declined from 2.4% (1990-1993) to 1.2% (1998-2001, P <.0001). @entity4 , increasing age, female gender, @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity6 , congestive @entity3 , @entity5 , reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting, left main disease, and urgent surgery independently predicted in-hospital mortality in the entire cohort of 18,041 @entity0 . Severe @entity4 was the most significant predictor of in-hospital mortality in the 12-year cohort, but it had a declining influence with time (1990-1993 odds ratio 7.1, 1994-1997 odds ratio 5.1, 1998-2001 not statistically significant) because of improving outcomes. Reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting similarly decreased in significance as a predictor of mortality. Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting was performed less frequently in recent years, but the requirement for emergency surgery carried an increasing odds ratio for mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Despite increasing @entity0 age and comorbidity, improvements in perioperative management have reduced the significance of severe @entity4 and reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting but not emergency surgery as predictors of in-hospital mortality.

title: Decreasing significance of XXXX and reoperative surgery in predicting coronary artery bypass grafting-associated mortality: a twelve-year study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The "insertion" (I) rather than "deletion" (D) variant of the @entity0 @entity7 ( @entity7 ) gene is associated with both lower tissue @entity7 activity and elite performance at high altitude. Three genotypes, II, ID and @entity3 , are thus represented in the population. The authors examined whether an improved ventilatory response to @entity5 exercise may contribute to this effect. Subjects (n=60; 37 male, mean+/-SEM age 23.6+/-0.6 yrs, 14 II, 30 ID, 16 @entity3 ) underwent incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing to establish maximal @entity1 uptake and @entity9 ( @entity9 ). Four hours later, subjects exercised for 6 mins at 50% of the workload at @entity9 . The protocol was repeated 15 mins later while breathing 12.5+/-0.5% @entity1 in @entity8 . All subject characteristics were independent of genotype, as were data during normoxic exercise. However, the @entity5 -induced rise in minute ventilation was significantly greater among those of II genotype (39.6+/-4.1% versus 27.9+/-2.0% versus 28.4+/-2.2% for II versus ID versus @entity3 , respectively). These data are supported by a significantly greater decrease in end tidal @entity6 (consistent with an increase in @entity2 ) among those homozygous for the I allele (II -18.7+/-1.3%, ID -15.7+/-0.4%, @entity3 -15.1%+/-1.1). The ventilatory response to @entity5 exercise is influenced by @entity7 genotype. Potential implications concern high altitude performance and the pathogenesis and management of @entity4 .

title: @entity7 genotype and the ventilatory response to exertional XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The "insertion" (I) rather than "deletion" (D) variant of the @entity0 @entity7 ( @entity7 ) gene is associated with both lower tissue @entity7 activity and elite performance at high altitude. Three genotypes, II, ID and @entity3 , are thus represented in the population. The authors examined whether an improved ventilatory response to @entity5 exercise may contribute to this effect. Subjects (n=60; 37 male, mean+/-SEM age 23.6+/-0.6 yrs, 14 II, 30 ID, 16 @entity3 ) underwent incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing to establish maximal @entity1 uptake and @entity9 ( @entity9 ). Four hours later, subjects exercised for 6 mins at 50% of the workload at @entity9 . The protocol was repeated 15 mins later while breathing 12.5+/-0.5% @entity1 in @entity8 . All subject characteristics were independent of genotype, as were data during normoxic exercise. However, the @entity5 -induced rise in minute ventilation was significantly greater among those of II genotype (39.6+/-4.1% versus 27.9+/-2.0% versus 28.4+/-2.2% for II versus ID versus @entity3 , respectively). These data are supported by a significantly greater decrease in end tidal @entity6 (consistent with an increase in @entity2 ) among those homozygous for the I allele (II -18.7+/-1.3%, ID -15.7+/-0.4%, @entity3 -15.1%+/-1.1). The ventilatory response to @entity5 exercise is influenced by @entity7 genotype. Potential implications concern high altitude performance and the pathogenesis and management of @entity4 .

title: XXXX genotype and the ventilatory response to exertional @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine diagnostic features and efficacy of treatment of @entity7 of the cervical articular facet joints between C2 and C3 in Scottish Deerhounds. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 9 client-owned @entity2 . PROCEDURE: Medical records of affected @entity2 were reviewed. Diagnosis was confirmed by results of clinical examination (signs of severe @entity1 from unilateral or bilateral flexion of the cervical vertebral column), radiography, myelography, and computed tomography. Treatment consisted of fluoroscopy-guided intra-articular injection of @entity3 and @entity6 . RESULTS: Unilateral or bilateral @entity7 of the cervical facet joints between C2 and C3 was detected in all @entity2 . In 7 @entity2 , signs of @entity1 were elicited by flexion of the side of the neck in which affected joints were detected radiographically. Two @entity2 had signs of @entity1 during right lateral flexion, although @entity0 were detected. Five @entity2 had unilateral lesions, and 4 @entity2 had @entity0 ; @entity5 and @entity4 of the articular process were common. Two @entity2 had bridging of the articular space. Use of computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis. Myelography did not reveal abnormalities of the spinal cord or canal. After treatment, 8 @entity2 had rapid marked improvement of clinical signs, and 7 @entity2 remained free of clinical signs for > 4 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity7 of the cervical facet joints in Scottish Deerhounds is a severely @entity1 for which conventional radiography is a useful screening test. Intra-articular administration of @entity3 and anesthetic is efficacious, long-lasting, and minimally invasive.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX of cervical articular facet joints in Scottish Deerhounds: 9 cases (1998-2002).

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity2 can be monitored by various biochemical readouts of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). OBJECTIVE: To analyze the BALF content of ultrafine particles (UFP; <100 nm) as an inflammatory biomarker in early diagnosis of @entity4 . METHODS: @entity0 were exposed to different stress conditions and inflammatory insults (acute lipopolysaccharide inhalation, @entity3 smoke and lethal dose of total body irradiation, i.e. 950 rad). After centrifugation, the cellular pellet was assessed while cytokines and ultrafine particles were measured in the soluble fraction of the BALF. RESULTS: A characteristic UFP distribution with a D50 (i.e. the dimension of the 50th UFP percentile) was shared by all tested @entity0 strains in the BALF of resting lungs. All tested inflammatory insults similarly shifted this size distribution, resulting in a unique UFP fingerprint with an averaged D50 of 58.6 nm, compared with the mean UFP D50 of 23.7 nm for resting BALF (p < 0.0001). This UFP profile was highly reproducible and independent of the intensity or duration of the inflammatory trigger. It returned to baseline after resolution of the @entity1 . Neither total body irradiation nor induction of acute cough induced this fingerprint. CONCLUSIONS: The UFP fingerprint in the BALF of resting and inflamed lungs can serve as a binary biomarker of healthy and acutely inflamed lungs. This marker can be used as a novel readout for the onset of @entity2 and for complete lung recovery from different insults.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Fingerprint of Lung Fluid Ultrafine Particles, a Novel Marker of Acute XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is the third most common @entity1 in Sweden, and incidence is increasing. We analysed @entity2 detection by colonoscopy in a defined population in Sweden. METHODS: All colonoscopy records for the period 1979-95 in one Swedish county (population 258,000) were retrieved. Information was obtained about @entity0 demographics, date of examination, endoscopists, indications, findings, colonoscopy type and completion level. Records were linked to the Swedish @entity1 Register and the Cause of Death Register. RESULTS: The majority of 2214 @entity2 were detected by means other than colonoscopy. In total, 192 were diagnosed and 6 were not detected by colonoscopy, with no significant differences in gender, age, indications, presence of @entity5 or @entity6 , time-period or experience of the endoscopist. The mean completion rate of the endoscopist was lower in @entity0 with undetected @entity1 . Coexisting @entity3 was more common in @entity0 with late diagnosis. Sensitivity was 97.0%, and higher when the indication was @entity4 , @entity1 or unclear X-ray findings. CONCLUSIONS: Sensitivity in detecting @entity2 was high, and the proportion detected by colonoscopy increased over time. Mean completion rate was lower in @entity0 with undetected @entity1 . Coexisting @entity7 was more common in @entity0 with a late diagnosis.

title: XXXX detection by colonoscopy in a Swedish county, 1979-95.

answer: @entity2


abstract: RATIONALE: Hospitalization represents a major event for the @entity0 with chronic @entity5 . There is a high risk of readmission, which over the longer term may be related more closely to the underlying condition of the @entity0 , such as skeletal @entity2 . OBJECTIVES: We assessed the risk of hospital readmission at 1 year, including measures of lower limb muscle as part of a larger clinical trial. METHODS: @entity0 hospitalized with an exacerbation of chronic @entity5 underwent measures of muscle function including @entity2 ultrasound. Independent factors influencing time to hospital readmission or @entity3 were identified. @entity0 were classified into four quartiles based on @entity2 size and compared. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-one @entity0 (mean age, 71.6 [SD, 9.1] yr) were recruited. One hundred and thirty (68%) were either readmitted or died. Factors associated with readmission or @entity3 were age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.08; P   =   0.015), Medical Research Council (MRC) @entity4 grade (OR, 4.57; 95% CI, 2.62-7.95; P   <   0.001), home @entity1 use (OR, 12.4; 95% CI, 4.53-33.77; P   <   0.001), @entity2 (rectus femoris) cross-sectional area (Qcsa) (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.17-0.65; P   =   0.001), and hospitalization in the previous year (OR, 4.82; 95% CI, 2.42-9.58; P   <   0.001). In the multivariate analyses, home @entity1 use (OR, 4.80; 95% CI, 1.68-13.69; P   =   0.003), MRC @entity4 grade (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.44-4.59; P   =   0.001), Qcsa (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22-0.95; P   =   0.035), and previous hospitalization (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.47-6.29; P   =   0.003) were independently associated with readmission or @entity3 . @entity0 with the smallest muscle spent more days in hospital than those with largest muscle (28.1 [SD, 33.9] vs. 12.2 [SD, 23.5] d; P   =   0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Smaller @entity2 muscle size, as measured by ultrasound in the acute care setting, is an independent risk factor for unscheduled readmission or @entity3 , which may have value both in clinical practice and for risk stratification.

title: Bedside assessment of XXXX muscle by ultrasound after admission for acute exacerbations of chronic @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: RATIONALE: Hospitalization represents a major event for the @entity0 with chronic @entity5 . There is a high risk of readmission, which over the longer term may be related more closely to the underlying condition of the @entity0 , such as skeletal @entity2 . OBJECTIVES: We assessed the risk of hospital readmission at 1 year, including measures of lower limb muscle as part of a larger clinical trial. METHODS: @entity0 hospitalized with an exacerbation of chronic @entity5 underwent measures of muscle function including @entity2 ultrasound. Independent factors influencing time to hospital readmission or @entity3 were identified. @entity0 were classified into four quartiles based on @entity2 size and compared. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-one @entity0 (mean age, 71.6 [SD, 9.1] yr) were recruited. One hundred and thirty (68%) were either readmitted or died. Factors associated with readmission or @entity3 were age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.08; P   =   0.015), Medical Research Council (MRC) @entity4 grade (OR, 4.57; 95% CI, 2.62-7.95; P   <   0.001), home @entity1 use (OR, 12.4; 95% CI, 4.53-33.77; P   <   0.001), @entity2 (rectus femoris) cross-sectional area (Qcsa) (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.17-0.65; P   =   0.001), and hospitalization in the previous year (OR, 4.82; 95% CI, 2.42-9.58; P   <   0.001). In the multivariate analyses, home @entity1 use (OR, 4.80; 95% CI, 1.68-13.69; P   =   0.003), MRC @entity4 grade (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.44-4.59; P   =   0.001), Qcsa (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22-0.95; P   =   0.035), and previous hospitalization (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.47-6.29; P   =   0.003) were independently associated with readmission or @entity3 . @entity0 with the smallest muscle spent more days in hospital than those with largest muscle (28.1 [SD, 33.9] vs. 12.2 [SD, 23.5] d; P   =   0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Smaller @entity2 muscle size, as measured by ultrasound in the acute care setting, is an independent risk factor for unscheduled readmission or @entity3 , which may have value both in clinical practice and for risk stratification.

title: Bedside assessment of @entity2 muscle by ultrasound after admission for acute exacerbations of chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We report our experience with a case of @entity1 during laparoscopic right adrenalectomy. A laparoscopic right adrenalectomy was performed in a 22-year-old @entity0 who suffered from a right surrenalian @entity3 . Four trocars were used for the transperitoneal laparoscopic approach with the @entity0 in the lateral decubitus position. After isolation of the medial margin of the gland and clipping and sectioning of the main adrenal vein, the right side of the vena cava was injured during dissection of the right upper pole, due to the use of monopolar scissors. The @entity2 was managed immediately with the aid of fenestrated atraumatic forceps and an aspiration probe. A fifth trocar was inserted to evaluate the size of the lesion, which was then sutured laparoscopically with croised 5/0 nonresorbable stitches. No transfusion was needed. Operating time was 210 min. The post-operative course was uneventful. Hospital stay was 7 days. At 10-month follow-up, the @entity0 had no problems related to the intraoperative complication. Our preliminary experience shows that the laparoscopic approach enables safer management of lesions involving large abdominal vessels. We believe that the transperitoneal approach is the preferential route for laparoscopic adrenalectomies. @entity4 can be dangerous and must be avoided when dissecting large vessels.

title: XXXX . A serious complication during laparoscopic right adrenalectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 and underlying medical conditions common to Africa may affect @entity5 frequency and severity. We conducted a systematic review of published studies on @entity4 or co-morbidities that are prevalent in Africa: dengue, @entity3 , measles, meningococcus, @entity10 ( @entity10 ), @entity9 , and @entity6 . Articles were identified except for @entity5 and @entity10 . Very few studies were from Africa. @entity7 , @entity4 were found to increase the severity of @entity5 disease, though this is based on few studies of dengue and measles and the measles study was of low quality. The frequency of @entity5 was increased among @entity0 with @entity7 . @entity2 increased the frequency of @entity8 . Studies on @entity3 and @entity6 found mixed results. Age-adjusted morbidity and mortality from @entity5 may be more common in Africa because @entity2 and diseases common in the region lead to more severe outcomes and increase the @entity5 burden. However, gaps exist in our knowledge about these interactions.

title: Potential Impact of XXXX and Co-Morbidities Prevalent in Africa on Influenza Severity and Frequency: A Systematic Review.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is much more prevalent in older @entity0 than in middle-aged or young populations, and has been associated with @entity3 . Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first-line therapy for @entity2 , but its long-term clinical benefit in the elderly is unclear. Here, we carried out a prospective cohort study to explore the survival rate and incidence of cardiovascular events in elderly @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity2 who did or did not receive CPAP treatment. The study included 130 @entity0 (104 male, 26 female; mean age: 77.8    6.2 years) who were followed up for a mean of 5    2.54 years (range, 1-8 years). Thirty-six @entity0 received CPAP and 88 had no CPAP. The results showed that mortality in the untreated group (21.6%) was significantly higher than in the CPAP group (5.6%). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the survival rate in the CPAP group was 94.4%, which was markedly higher than the rate of 78.4% in the untreated group. The incidence of cardiovascular events was 13.9% in the CPAP group and 55.7% in the untreated group. The present study provides evidence that CPAP can reduce mortality in older @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity2 , and lead to a good long-term prognosis. The study also indicates that @entity4 in older @entity2 @entity0 is associated with @entity3 and @entity1 .

title: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment Reduces Mortality in Elderly XXXX with Moderate to Severe Obstructive Severe Sleep Apnea: A Cohort Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The leading cause of @entity3 in @entity0 is accidents. Severe @entity4 and injuries to the heart or major vessels are mainly responsible for immediate @entity3 . This phenomenon is also reflected in the increasing number of pediatric admissions for renal @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1990 to 2000, the charts of 132 @entity0 with @entity1 secondary to blunt and penetrating @entity2 in childhood are reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 88 were male @entity0 and 126 sustained blunt @entity2 (motor accidents, falls, etc.). Gross and microscopic @entity5 were the most important finding at the time of presentation, and correlated with severe @entity1 , and both were present in 122 cases. Intravenous pyelography and CT scan were the most useful diagnosis tools. Only 27 @entity0 were managed operatively, the majority because of associated @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous pyelography remains the most cost-effective means of investigating @entity1 in a second-level hospital. @entity1 and most laceration should be managed conservatively. Only few a renal transactions should be managed operatively.

title: [Renal XXXX in childhood. Second-level hospital experience].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Retrobulbar injections of @entity4 and @entity5 are used for the treatment of blind, @entity6 . There have been reports of @entity1 after retrobulbar injections of these agents, but the histologic effects are not well characterized. A clinical case with histopathologic @entity1 after retrobulbar @entity4 injection led the authors to develop a @entity2 model to examine these effects. METHODS: Adult Lewis @entity2 were given retrobulbar injections of either 0.1 ml of absolute @entity4 or 25 mg/ml @entity5 in the right orbit, and 0.1 ml of saline in the left orbit as a control. @entity2 were euthanized, perfused, and postfixed at 1 to 2 weeks after injection. Exenterated orbital tissue was sectioned for histologic staining. Slides were reviewed by a masked ocular pathologist who evaluated the level of orbital @entity1 . RESULTS: Histopathology demonstrated foci of @entity1 in the orbit of the @entity0 and similar @entity1 in the @entity2 orbits injected with retrobulbar @entity4 . In the @entity5 group, only 1 @entity2 demonstrated small foci of @entity1 , while the control orbits injected with saline showed no @entity1 . On blinded qualitative analysis, the orbits receiving retrobulbar @entity4 had greater @entity1 than the orbits receiving either saline or @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings in this preclinical pilot study suggest that retrobulbar @entity4 injections @entity1 , whereas retrobulbar @entity5 induces little or no @entity1 . This potential inflammatory response should be considered when selecting an agent for @entity3 management, particularly if future orbital surgery is anticipated.

title: Histologic Evidence of Orbital Inflammation from Retrobulbar @entity4 and @entity5 Injection: A Clinicopathologic Study in XXXX _ @entity2 Orbits.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Retrobulbar injections of @entity4 and @entity5 are used for the treatment of blind, @entity6 . There have been reports of @entity1 after retrobulbar injections of these agents, but the histologic effects are not well characterized. A clinical case with histopathologic @entity1 after retrobulbar @entity4 injection led the authors to develop a @entity2 model to examine these effects. METHODS: Adult Lewis @entity2 were given retrobulbar injections of either 0.1 ml of absolute @entity4 or 25 mg/ml @entity5 in the right orbit, and 0.1 ml of saline in the left orbit as a control. @entity2 were euthanized, perfused, and postfixed at 1 to 2 weeks after injection. Exenterated orbital tissue was sectioned for histologic staining. Slides were reviewed by a masked ocular pathologist who evaluated the level of orbital @entity1 . RESULTS: Histopathology demonstrated foci of @entity1 in the orbit of the @entity0 and similar @entity1 in the @entity2 orbits injected with retrobulbar @entity4 . In the @entity5 group, only 1 @entity2 demonstrated small foci of @entity1 , while the control orbits injected with saline showed no @entity1 . On blinded qualitative analysis, the orbits receiving retrobulbar @entity4 had greater @entity1 than the orbits receiving either saline or @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings in this preclinical pilot study suggest that retrobulbar @entity4 injections @entity1 , whereas retrobulbar @entity5 induces little or no @entity1 . This potential inflammatory response should be considered when selecting an agent for @entity3 management, particularly if future orbital surgery is anticipated.

title: Histologic Evidence of Orbital Inflammation from Retrobulbar XXXX and @entity5 Injection: A Clinicopathologic Study in @entity0 _ @entity2 Orbits.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Retrobulbar injections of @entity4 and @entity5 are used for the treatment of blind, @entity6 . There have been reports of @entity1 after retrobulbar injections of these agents, but the histologic effects are not well characterized. A clinical case with histopathologic @entity1 after retrobulbar @entity4 injection led the authors to develop a @entity2 model to examine these effects. METHODS: Adult Lewis @entity2 were given retrobulbar injections of either 0.1 ml of absolute @entity4 or 25 mg/ml @entity5 in the right orbit, and 0.1 ml of saline in the left orbit as a control. @entity2 were euthanized, perfused, and postfixed at 1 to 2 weeks after injection. Exenterated orbital tissue was sectioned for histologic staining. Slides were reviewed by a masked ocular pathologist who evaluated the level of orbital @entity1 . RESULTS: Histopathology demonstrated foci of @entity1 in the orbit of the @entity0 and similar @entity1 in the @entity2 orbits injected with retrobulbar @entity4 . In the @entity5 group, only 1 @entity2 demonstrated small foci of @entity1 , while the control orbits injected with saline showed no @entity1 . On blinded qualitative analysis, the orbits receiving retrobulbar @entity4 had greater @entity1 than the orbits receiving either saline or @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings in this preclinical pilot study suggest that retrobulbar @entity4 injections @entity1 , whereas retrobulbar @entity5 induces little or no @entity1 . This potential inflammatory response should be considered when selecting an agent for @entity3 management, particularly if future orbital surgery is anticipated.

title: Histologic Evidence of Orbital Inflammation from Retrobulbar @entity4 and XXXX Injection: A Clinicopathologic Study in @entity0 _ @entity2 Orbits.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Retrobulbar injections of @entity4 and @entity5 are used for the treatment of blind, @entity6 . There have been reports of @entity1 after retrobulbar injections of these agents, but the histologic effects are not well characterized. A clinical case with histopathologic @entity1 after retrobulbar @entity4 injection led the authors to develop a @entity2 model to examine these effects. METHODS: Adult Lewis @entity2 were given retrobulbar injections of either 0.1 ml of absolute @entity4 or 25 mg/ml @entity5 in the right orbit, and 0.1 ml of saline in the left orbit as a control. @entity2 were euthanized, perfused, and postfixed at 1 to 2 weeks after injection. Exenterated orbital tissue was sectioned for histologic staining. Slides were reviewed by a masked ocular pathologist who evaluated the level of orbital @entity1 . RESULTS: Histopathology demonstrated foci of @entity1 in the orbit of the @entity0 and similar @entity1 in the @entity2 orbits injected with retrobulbar @entity4 . In the @entity5 group, only 1 @entity2 demonstrated small foci of @entity1 , while the control orbits injected with saline showed no @entity1 . On blinded qualitative analysis, the orbits receiving retrobulbar @entity4 had greater @entity1 than the orbits receiving either saline or @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings in this preclinical pilot study suggest that retrobulbar @entity4 injections @entity1 , whereas retrobulbar @entity5 induces little or no @entity1 . This potential inflammatory response should be considered when selecting an agent for @entity3 management, particularly if future orbital surgery is anticipated.

title: Histologic Evidence of Orbital Inflammation from Retrobulbar @entity4 and @entity5 Injection: A Clinicopathologic Study in @entity0 _ XXXX Orbits.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diffuse superficial @entity6 ( @entity6 ) refractory to standard therapies poses a clinical dilemma. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses an interaction between absorbed light and a retained photosensitizing agent to destroy tissue, has been used to treat diffuse superficial bladder @entity6 , although there are few reports of long-term outcomes. @entity0 AND METHODS: A series of 34 @entity0 , 29 with TCC @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and 5 with multiple small papillary stage T(a) or T(1) lesions, received porfimer @entity4 (P) 48 hours before whole-bladder PDT with 630-nm laser light. A 0.02% @entity5 emulsion diffusion medium was instilled into the bladder, and the laser optical fiber was positioned under triplanar sonography prior to PDT. The mean follow-up was 52 months. RESULTS: At 3 months, a complete response (CR) in 14 (44%) of the 32 evaluable @entity0 , a partial response (PR) in 4 (12%), and no response (NR) in 14 (44%). Four of the five @entity0 with extensive @entity8 did not respond. The NR rate for @entity0 with @entity7 with or without resected @entity8 was 37%. The mean time to recurrence in the CR group was 9.8 months, and five members of this group (36%) underwent cystectomy (mean time 20 months) for persistent/progressive disease (N = 3) or bladder @entity3 (N = 2). In the NR group, 6 (43%) underwent cystectomy (mean time 14 months) for persistent/progressive disease. @entity1 was the cause of @entity2 in only 4 of the 12 @entity0 who have died. Of the remaining 22 @entity0 , 15 are still alive and have an intact bladder, nine with no disease and six with only superficial disease. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of long-term results following whole-bladder PDT using diffusion medium for isotropic light distribution. More than half of the @entity0 with @entity6 refractory to traditional intravesical therapy received benefit from a single PDT session. @entity0 with extensive flat @entity8 do not appear to respond well. @entity0 who achieve a CR have less likelihood of and longer time interval before needing cystectomy for progressive disease than NR @entity0 . Our PDT protocol is associated with minimal morbidity in these high-risk @entity0 .

title: Photodynamic therapy for refractory superficial XXXX : long-term clinical outcomes of single treatment using intravesical diffusion medium.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To understand the etiology of chronic @entity5 . METHODS: Ninety-one coronal CT scans of chronic @entity5 were analysed with mutimedia software developed by the authors. Sinus CT images were scanned into multimedia computer and the subtle anatomic structures such as pneumatization of the middle turbinate, agger nasi cell, Haller's cell, @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity6 and so on were measured. The results were analysed by the statistical software SPSS. RESULTS: The penumatization rate of total or inferior part of middle turbinate correlated positively to the inflammation of anterior ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Compared with @entity0 with normal frontal sinuses, the vertical diameters of agger nasi cells of @entity0 with frontal @entity5 were larger(11.70 +/- 5.50 mm and 8.54 +/- 3.67 mm respectively, P < 0.01). Compared with @entity0 with normal maxillary sinuses, the Haller's cells of @entity0 with @entity4 were larger (77.8% and 33.3%, P < 0.05) and the amount of inflammatory Haller's cells of the latter was more abundant than that of the former(91.6 +/- 17.8 @entity2 and 41.6 +/- 12.6 @entity2 , respectively, P < 0.05). The deviation of uncinate process was one of the factors of @entity4 . The sizes of ethmoid bullae increased with the soft tissue thickening in anterior ethmoid sinus, the large ethmoid bulla may cause @entity7 . CONCLUSION: Some anatomic variations may play a role in chronic @entity5 .

title: [Relationship between anatomic variations of nasal sinus and chronic XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cystic cervico-facial @entity3 (DDFL) are relatively rare. Because of their size and site, they pose a real problem in treatment. The authors present a retrospective study about 10 cases. MATERIALS _ METHODS: The mean age of this series of @entity0 was 31 years, with a slight female preponderance. Ultrasound scanning is sufficient to establish the diagnosis. CT or MRI scan helps to show whether there is parapharyngeal or mediastinal extension. RESULTS: Every @entity0 in this series underwent operation. We had one recurrence and two postoperative neurological sequelae. DISCUSSION: Although there is little difficulty in the diagnosis of this condition, it is difficult to treat because of extension which involve the face, the @entity2 and tongue base, and also the major structures in neck. Current interest is centred on treating these lesions with @entity1 agents, either for recurrence or, according to some authors, as a first therapeutic option.

title: [Cervicofacial XXXX in adults (10 case reports)].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the neurological manifestations of @entity14 . METHODS: The symptoms, signs, imaging data, diagnoses and outcomes of 14 cases with @entity14 hospitalized in Peking Union Hospital June 1995-January 2001 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The chief complaints of this group included @entity1 (12 cases), @entity4 (7 cases), blood in nasal discharge (3 cases), purulent nasal discharge (2 cases), exophthalmoptosis (1 case), fixation of eyeball (1 case), and pharyngodynia (1 case). Six @entity0 presented deficits of the second and/or third, fourth, and sixth @entity3 ; one @entity0 had @entity7 and @entity9 ; no more presentation of nervous system was found in all @entity0 . Only five @entity0 showed signs of posterior @entity8 in rhinologic examination. CT and/or MRI revealed @entity14 (11 cases) and @entity14 with posterior @entity13 (3 cases). The complications of this group were @entity5 involving frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes and brainstem (1 case), @entity6 of cavernous carotid artery (1 case), nasal cerebrospinal fluid leakage (1 case), @entity12 (5 eyes), abducent paralysis (2 cases), @entity11 (1 case) and @entity10 (1 case). All of the @entity0 underwent endoscopic sphenoid surgery. 13 @entity0 were free of @entity1 after surgery. One @entity0 died because of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 can be the first or unique symptom of @entity14 . @entity14 should be considered in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of @entity1 . CT and MRI are the best tools in diagnosis of @entity14 .

title: [Neurological manifestations of XXXX ].

answer: @entity14


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect risk factors related with @entity2 . DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. SETTING: 5 secondary schools in the Virgen de Roc  o health area in Seville, Spain. @entity0 : 789 students enrolled in the first and second years of compulsory secondary school, and their families. MAIN MEASURES. Body mass index, risk behaviors related with food and exercise, influence of the mass media on models of desirable body types, and family climate. Data were obtained with three validated questionnaires: the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), the CIMEC-26, and the Family Environment Scale (FES). RESULTS: In 6.9% of the @entity0 , BMI was between 15 and 17, reflecting slight @entity3 . On the EAT scale, 68 @entity0 (8.8%) had scores that were indicative of illness or risk of illness, and 25 (3.3%) could be diagnosed as having eating @entity1 according to DSM-IV criteria. According to the CIMEC questionnaire, 104 @entity0 (13.5%) were found to be significantly vulnerable to media pressures, and 85 (11.1%) were considered highly vulnerable. Parents' comments on eating behavior were related with the results on the EAT-40 CIMEC questionnaires (P=.01). No statistically significant relationship was found between family climate scores and the scores on the EAT-40 or CIMEC questionnaires. Students in rural or suburban area schools scored higher on the EAT-40 (P=.04) and CIMEC (P=.01) than students in urban or city center schools. CONCLUSION: The identification of @entity0 considered at risk will allow us to use primary prevention programs more efficiently.

title: [Risk factors related with XXXX in a community of adolescents].

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study was done to determine the independent predictors of long-term survival and long-term functional outcome in @entity1 @entity0 with a high level of co-morbidity. We prospectively recruited 302 consecutive @entity0 transferred from local hospitals of acute care to inpatient geriatric rehabilitation with a median of 23 days after @entity1 . The cohort with a mean age of 75.1 (range 60-90) years was followed up for 2 years after discharge from rehabilitation. The 24 month survival rate was 71.2%. Urinary continence (p = 0.000), younger age (p = 0.000), and absence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) (p = 0.039) were predictors of survival. Independence in activities of daily living (Barthel Index (BI) > or = 85) 24 months after discharge was 43.2% and predicted by an admission BI > or = 50 (p = 0.000), urinary continence (p = 0.007), and absence of @entity2 (p = 0.018). Good functional outcome by the Modified Rankin Scale ( @entity3 < or = 3) 24 months after discharge was 38.4%. It was predicted by absence of @entity2 (p = 0.001), first-ever @entity1 (p = 0.014), admission BI > or = 50 (p = 0.024), urinary continence (p = 0.025), mild motor paresis (p = 0.032), and good sitting balance (p = 0.039). Our study of a relatively aged and co-morbid @entity1 cohort confirmed most of the well-known predictors of outcome. A new result is that @entity2 also seems to be an important determinant of long-term outcome.

title: Predictors of favorable outcome in elderly XXXX @entity0 two years after discharge from geriatric rehabilitation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study was done to determine the independent predictors of long-term survival and long-term functional outcome in @entity1 @entity0 with a high level of co-morbidity. We prospectively recruited 302 consecutive @entity0 transferred from local hospitals of acute care to inpatient geriatric rehabilitation with a median of 23 days after @entity1 . The cohort with a mean age of 75.1 (range 60-90) years was followed up for 2 years after discharge from rehabilitation. The 24 month survival rate was 71.2%. Urinary continence (p = 0.000), younger age (p = 0.000), and absence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) (p = 0.039) were predictors of survival. Independence in activities of daily living (Barthel Index (BI) > or = 85) 24 months after discharge was 43.2% and predicted by an admission BI > or = 50 (p = 0.000), urinary continence (p = 0.007), and absence of @entity2 (p = 0.018). Good functional outcome by the Modified Rankin Scale ( @entity3 < or = 3) 24 months after discharge was 38.4%. It was predicted by absence of @entity2 (p = 0.001), first-ever @entity1 (p = 0.014), admission BI > or = 50 (p = 0.024), urinary continence (p = 0.025), mild motor paresis (p = 0.032), and good sitting balance (p = 0.039). Our study of a relatively aged and co-morbid @entity1 cohort confirmed most of the well-known predictors of outcome. A new result is that @entity2 also seems to be an important determinant of long-term outcome.

title: Predictors of favorable outcome in elderly @entity1 XXXX two years after discharge from geriatric rehabilitation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 is a common medical condition with a high mortality and morbidity rate and normally requires medical therapy to control symptoms. The impact of angina and treatment strategies are gauged almost solely on clinical measurements. This approach does not provide insight into the effects of the disease from the @entity0 ' perspectives. Understanding these effects enables a @entity0 centred approach to care, which may facilitate adherence to treatment strategies. Previous studies examining @entity1 from the @entity0 ' perspective have tended to focus on @entity2 or coronary surgery and not, as this study does, on angina per se. Unstructured interviews of seven @entity0 with clinically stable @entity3 were carried out and analysed using a phenomenological approach. Seven themes were identified: limitation and adjustment; resignation; indignation; caution; reluctant compliance; surprise; and the unknown. @entity0 made adjustments to their lifestyles because of the limitations imposed on them by angina. These changes were accepted reluctantly, initially with annoyance, but ultimately with resignation. They were cautious in everyday activities to avoid something 'worse' happening. On the whole, they were surprised that they had developed the disease despite little understanding of risk factors. They had not considered the long-term effects of the disease. @entity3 @entity0 need to have access to information sources to understand the disease and to make adjustments to their lives. An opportunity to discuss the disease with a specialist health care professional is essential. The study showed that phenomenology has a contribution to make in areas such as cardiology where the research agenda is predominantly positivistic.

title: Living with XXXX --a phenomenological study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Several lines of evidence suggest that @entity1 is mediated in part by an increase in the density of voltage-sensitive @entity3 channels in injured axons and the dorsal root ganglion of injured axons. The purpose of this study was to examine the safety, analgesic efficacy, and tolerability of oral 4030W92 (a new novel @entity3 channel blocker) in a group of subjects with chronic @entity1 . This study used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design in 41 subjects with @entity1 with a prominent @entity4 . Each subject received a 2-week course of 4030W92 (25 mg/day) and placebo separated by a 2-week washout period. At baseline, postdose day 1, day 7, and day 14, the following were measured: (1) spontaneous and evoked @entity2 scores, (2) dynamic and static @entity4 mapping, (3) Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and (4) blood sample for 4030W92 assay. At baseline and day 14 the following were measured: (1) thermal testing in the @entity2 area, (2) Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Questionnaire, and (3) @entity0 global satisfaction. Allodynia severity was significantly lower (P = .046) on treatment day 1, postdose for 4030W92 compared to placebo. However, this was not maintained on treatment day 7 or 14. The area of static @entity4 was significantly smaller (P = .03) on treatment day 7 for 4030W92 compared to placebo. However, this was not maintained to treatment day 14. There was no significant effect of 4030W92 on any other efficacy measure. Side effects were minimal. 4030W92, at 25 mg/day, produced a nonsignificant @entity2 without treatment limiting side effects. The maximum analgesic effect of this drug remains unknown.

title: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover evaluation of a short course of 4030W92 in @entity0 with chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Several lines of evidence suggest that @entity1 is mediated in part by an increase in the density of voltage-sensitive @entity3 channels in injured axons and the dorsal root ganglion of injured axons. The purpose of this study was to examine the safety, analgesic efficacy, and tolerability of oral 4030W92 (a new novel @entity3 channel blocker) in a group of subjects with chronic @entity1 . This study used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design in 41 subjects with @entity1 with a prominent @entity4 . Each subject received a 2-week course of 4030W92 (25 mg/day) and placebo separated by a 2-week washout period. At baseline, postdose day 1, day 7, and day 14, the following were measured: (1) spontaneous and evoked @entity2 scores, (2) dynamic and static @entity4 mapping, (3) Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and (4) blood sample for 4030W92 assay. At baseline and day 14 the following were measured: (1) thermal testing in the @entity2 area, (2) Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Questionnaire, and (3) @entity0 global satisfaction. Allodynia severity was significantly lower (P = .046) on treatment day 1, postdose for 4030W92 compared to placebo. However, this was not maintained on treatment day 7 or 14. The area of static @entity4 was significantly smaller (P = .03) on treatment day 7 for 4030W92 compared to placebo. However, this was not maintained to treatment day 14. There was no significant effect of 4030W92 on any other efficacy measure. Side effects were minimal. 4030W92, at 25 mg/day, produced a nonsignificant @entity2 without treatment limiting side effects. The maximum analgesic effect of this drug remains unknown.

title: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover evaluation of a short course of 4030W92 in XXXX with chronic @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Aberrant movement patterns and postures are obvious to clinicians managing @entity0 with @entity2 . However, some changes in motor function that occur in the presence of @entity1 are less apparent. Clinical and basic science investigations have provided evidence of the effects of nociception on aspects of motor function. Both increases and decreases in muscle activity have been shown, along with alterations in neuronal control mechanisms, proprioception, and local muscle morphology. Various models have been proposed in an attempt to provide an explanation for some of these changes. These include the vicious cycle and @entity1 adaptation models. Recent research has seen the emergence of a new model in which patterns of muscle activation and recruitment are altered in the presence of @entity1 (neuromuscular activation model). These changes seem to particularly affect the ability of muscles to perform synergistic functions related to maintaining joint stability and control. These changes are believed to persist into the period of chronicity. This review shows current knowledge of the effect of @entity2 on the motor system and presents the various proposed models, in addition to other shown effects not covered by these models. The relevance of these models to both acute and chronic @entity1 is considered. It is apparent that @entity0 experiencing @entity2 exhibit complex motor responses that may show some variation with the time course of the disorder.

title: The effect of XXXX on motor activity and control.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To investigate whether @entity7 , already found to be helpful in decreasing @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity8 , was also effective in the treatment of @entity6 in @entity5 . METHODS: Two randomized age- and sex-matched groups (cases and controls) of 12 @entity2 (five Type 1 and seven Type 2) were selected for this pilot study and graded for @entity5 (Early Treatment of @entity2 Study-Airlie House Classification). Cases were treated with @entity7 for three months according to a standard protocol. The Early Treatment of @entity2 Study chart was used for assessing far-best corrected @entity3 , and @entity4 angiography was performed using the Heidelberg Retina Angiograph. The Amsler grid-test and computerized-perimetry (Octopus 2000R) were also performed. RESULTS: @entity4 -angiographic findings and perimetric data improved significantly (p < 0.01) in the @entity7 -treated cases compared to the controls while @entity3 varied only slightly (p > 0.01). The Amsler grid-test resulted insignificant in our study (p > 0.05). No adverse effects or significant variations in laboratory tests were recorded. CONCLUSION: Further clinical investigations involving larger numbers of @entity0 and a longer follow-up are required to confirm these preliminary results. However, the present study seems to suggest that @entity7 could be effective in reducing @entity4 -angiographic findings and improving perimetric data in @entity2 with macular @entity1 , even though the mechanism of action remains obscure. @entity3 varied only slightly.

title: Is XXXX effective in the treatment of @entity6 ? A pilot study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: AIM: To investigate whether @entity7 , already found to be helpful in decreasing @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity8 , was also effective in the treatment of @entity6 in @entity5 . METHODS: Two randomized age- and sex-matched groups (cases and controls) of 12 @entity2 (five Type 1 and seven Type 2) were selected for this pilot study and graded for @entity5 (Early Treatment of @entity2 Study-Airlie House Classification). Cases were treated with @entity7 for three months according to a standard protocol. The Early Treatment of @entity2 Study chart was used for assessing far-best corrected @entity3 , and @entity4 angiography was performed using the Heidelberg Retina Angiograph. The Amsler grid-test and computerized-perimetry (Octopus 2000R) were also performed. RESULTS: @entity4 -angiographic findings and perimetric data improved significantly (p < 0.01) in the @entity7 -treated cases compared to the controls while @entity3 varied only slightly (p > 0.01). The Amsler grid-test resulted insignificant in our study (p > 0.05). No adverse effects or significant variations in laboratory tests were recorded. CONCLUSION: Further clinical investigations involving larger numbers of @entity0 and a longer follow-up are required to confirm these preliminary results. However, the present study seems to suggest that @entity7 could be effective in reducing @entity4 -angiographic findings and improving perimetric data in @entity2 with macular @entity1 , even though the mechanism of action remains obscure. @entity3 varied only slightly.

title: Is @entity7 effective in the treatment of XXXX ? A pilot study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: Beroctocog alfa is a second generation recombinant factor @entity4 manufactured by removing the B-domain from factor @entity4 . This prospective clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of beroctocog alfa in @entity0 of ages >= 12 years previously treated for severe @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy subjects received beroctocog alfa as an on-demand treatment for acute @entity3 . RESULTS: The final hemostatic effect was excellent in 35 subjects (50%) and good in 26 subjects (37.1%). The drug showed an overall efficacy rate of 87.1%. The majority of acute @entity3 was treated by administering the study drug once (86.2%) or twice (10.0%), and the mean dose administered per single infusion was 28.55  6.53 IU/kg. Ten subjects underwent 12 surgical procedures, and hemostatic efficacy was excellent in seven cases (58.3%) and good in five cases (41.7%), showing a 100% efficacy rate. A total of 52 of 88 subjects (59.0%) experienced 168 adverse events. There were 18 serious adverse events (10.7%) in 11 subjects, and two (mild @entity5 and @entity1 ) in one subject were related to the study drug. Only one subject formed a de novo factor @entity4 inhibitor, for an occurrence rate of 1.4% (one-sided 95% upper confidence limit: 3.85%). The final elimination half-life was 13.3 h and 12.6 h at baseline and 6 months after administration, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that beroctocog alfa is safe and efficacious as either an on-demand treatment for acute @entity3 or a surgical prophylaxis in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Beroctocog Alfa in @entity0 Previously Treated for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Beroctocog alfa is a second generation recombinant factor @entity4 manufactured by removing the B-domain from factor @entity4 . This prospective clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of beroctocog alfa in @entity0 of ages >= 12 years previously treated for severe @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy subjects received beroctocog alfa as an on-demand treatment for acute @entity3 . RESULTS: The final hemostatic effect was excellent in 35 subjects (50%) and good in 26 subjects (37.1%). The drug showed an overall efficacy rate of 87.1%. The majority of acute @entity3 was treated by administering the study drug once (86.2%) or twice (10.0%), and the mean dose administered per single infusion was 28.55  6.53 IU/kg. Ten subjects underwent 12 surgical procedures, and hemostatic efficacy was excellent in seven cases (58.3%) and good in five cases (41.7%), showing a 100% efficacy rate. A total of 52 of 88 subjects (59.0%) experienced 168 adverse events. There were 18 serious adverse events (10.7%) in 11 subjects, and two (mild @entity5 and @entity1 ) in one subject were related to the study drug. Only one subject formed a de novo factor @entity4 inhibitor, for an occurrence rate of 1.4% (one-sided 95% upper confidence limit: 3.85%). The final elimination half-life was 13.3 h and 12.6 h at baseline and 6 months after administration, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that beroctocog alfa is safe and efficacious as either an on-demand treatment for acute @entity3 or a surgical prophylaxis in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Beroctocog Alfa in XXXX Previously Treated for @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Radiation dose escalation may be a means to increase the local control rate of inoperable @entity1 . Treatment plans involve the creation of a uniform planning target volume ( @entity3 ) to ensure proper coverage despite @entity0 breathing and setup error. This may lead to unnecessary radiation of normal tissue in shallow breathers or target underdosing for @entity0 with excess internal motion. Therefore, the nature of @entity2 motion for each @entity0 should be measured in 3D, something that cannot be done with CT alone. We have developed a method that acquires 2D real-time fluoroscopic images (loops) and coregisters them with 2D digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR) formed from the CT scan. The limitations of CT to encompass motion can be overcome by merging the two modalities together. The accuracy of the coregistration method is tested with a stationary grid of radio-opaque markers at various spatial positions. The in-plane (at-depth) displacement between markers on the fluoroscopic image versus the DRR varies with position across the image due to slight misalignments between the x-ray source used in fluoroscopy and the virtual source used for the DRR relative to the test object. At clinically relevant positions, the maximum, measured in-plane displacement, is 1.1 mm. The method is applied to the thorax of an anthropomorphic phantom and a good fit is observed between the appearances of the bony anatomical structures on the coregistered image. Finally, a series of motion measurements are carried out on two oscillating cylindrical objects. The degree of motion as measured by fluoroscopy is accurate to within 1.0 mm, whereas the DRR is inconsistent in predicting motion. The coregistration of fluoroscopic loops with the DRR shows at what point within the oscillation the DRR fails to encompass motion. For any treatment site involving target motion, this real-time imaging is a useful asset in the planning stage.

title: Integration of digital fluoroscopy with CT-based radiation therapy planning of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The present study aimed to establish simple systems for measuring fecal @entity1 hormones in order to monitor the reproductive profiles of captive Hokkaido @entity7 . The efficiency of fecal sample processing at the steps of dehydration and extraction and the correlation between @entity1 concentrations in matched fecal and blood samples were studied. Then, monthly changes in fecal @entity0 -17 beta and @entity4 in female bears, and @entity2 in male bears were examined. The procedure was finalized as follows. Fecal samples were dried at 100 degrees C for 3 hr and extracted with @entity5 . The @entity5 in the extracts was evaporated and residues were reconstituted in @entity3 for the assays. @entity6 concentrations were quantified using enzyme immunoassays. Concentrations of @entity4 and @entity2 in fecal and plasma samples were correlated in the systems. The changes in fecal @entity4 and @entity2 concentrations were similar to those in serum concentrations of bears as reported previously. In contrast, fecal @entity0 concentrations did not correlate with plasma levels probably because of the time lag in excretion. However, the changes in @entity0 -17 beta concentrations in feces in the present study were similar to those reported in serum. In conclusion, fecal @entity4 and @entity2 assay systems appear practical for monitoring ovarian and testicular activities without immobilization, though methodological improvements and further validation may be required. For the fecal @entity0 -17 beta assay, there is a need to solve the problem of excretion time lag before the system can be used in the study of reproductive physiology.

title: Efficiency of fecal XXXX hormone measurement for assessing reproductive function in the Hokkaido @entity7 ( @entity7 yesoensis).

answer: @entity1


abstract: The present study aimed to establish simple systems for measuring fecal @entity1 hormones in order to monitor the reproductive profiles of captive Hokkaido @entity7 . The efficiency of fecal sample processing at the steps of dehydration and extraction and the correlation between @entity1 concentrations in matched fecal and blood samples were studied. Then, monthly changes in fecal @entity0 -17 beta and @entity4 in female bears, and @entity2 in male bears were examined. The procedure was finalized as follows. Fecal samples were dried at 100 degrees C for 3 hr and extracted with @entity5 . The @entity5 in the extracts was evaporated and residues were reconstituted in @entity3 for the assays. @entity6 concentrations were quantified using enzyme immunoassays. Concentrations of @entity4 and @entity2 in fecal and plasma samples were correlated in the systems. The changes in fecal @entity4 and @entity2 concentrations were similar to those in serum concentrations of bears as reported previously. In contrast, fecal @entity0 concentrations did not correlate with plasma levels probably because of the time lag in excretion. However, the changes in @entity0 -17 beta concentrations in feces in the present study were similar to those reported in serum. In conclusion, fecal @entity4 and @entity2 assay systems appear practical for monitoring ovarian and testicular activities without immobilization, though methodological improvements and further validation may be required. For the fecal @entity0 -17 beta assay, there is a need to solve the problem of excretion time lag before the system can be used in the study of reproductive physiology.

title: Efficiency of fecal @entity1 hormone measurement for assessing reproductive function in the Hokkaido XXXX ( @entity7 yesoensis).

answer: @entity7