abstract: BACKGROUND: The histologic status of axillary lymph nodes is one of the most important prognostic factors in @entity0 and influences the management of these @entity1 . Axillary lymph node dissection was traditionally performed in all @entity1 to obtain this information but this procedure carries a considerable rate of complications. Recently, sentinel lymph node biopsy has emerged as an accurate and minimally invasive tool for predicting the axillary nodal status and has become the standard of care in selected @entity1 with @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the accuracy of @entity2 biopsies performed by surgical residents during surgical resident training. METHODS: This prospective, randomized controlled study included 100 consecutive @entity1 with clinically early @entity0 (T1-T2, N0, M0). Lymphatic mapping was performed using radiotracers, blue dye, or both. Formal axillary lymph node dissection completed the operations in all @entity1 . All operations were performed by surgical residents under the supervision of senior surgeons. RESULTS: The overall rate of identification of sentinel lymph nodes was 92%. The accuracy of @entity2 biopsy in reflecting the axillary nodal status was 96% with a false negative rate of 5.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an accurate method for the evaluation and staging of regional lymph nodes in @entity0 @entity1 . A dedicated instruction program for surgical residents may increase the standard of care and lead to highly trained surgeons in the management of early @entity0 .

title: Sentinel lymph node biopsy in early XXXX : the first 100 cases performed in a teaching institute.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) have a worldwide distribution and have been identified as one of the most significant causes of illnesses and diseases among the disadvantaged population. In Malaysia, IPIs still persist in some rural areas, and this study was conducted to determine the current epidemiological status and to identify risk factors associated with IPIs among communities residing in @entity2 . METHODS/FINDINGS: A total of 716 @entity0 from 8 villages were involved, comprising those from 1 to 83 years old, 550 (76.8%) @entity0 aged  <=12 years and 166 (23.2%) aged >= 13 years, and 304 (42.5%) male and 412 (57.5%) female. The overall prevalence of IPIs was high (73.2%). Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections (73.2%) were significantly more common compared to @entity1 (21.4%) (p<0.001). The prevalence of IPIs showed an age dependency relationship, with significantly higher rates observed among those aged  <=12 years. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that @entity0 aged  <=12 years (OR=2.23; 95% CI=1.45-3.45), low household income (OR=4.93; 95% CI=3.15-7.73), using untreated water supply (OR=2.08; 95% CI=1.36-3.21), and indiscriminate defecation (OR=5.01; 95% CI=3.30-7.62) were identified as significant predictors of IPIs among these communities. CONCLUSION: Essentially, these findings highlighted that IPIs are highly prevalent among the poor rural communities in @entity2 . Poverty and low socioeconomic with poor environmental sanitation were indicated as important predictors of IPIs. Effective poverty reduction programmes, promotion of deworming, and mass campaigns to heighten awareness on health and hygiene are urgently needed to reduce IPIs.

title: Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitism in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: Sonoelastography (SEG) is a noninvasive ultrasound (US) method able to differentiate tissues according to their stiffness. Our objective was to establish whether transrectal (TR) SEG may improve @entity1 detection, alone or associated with other US methods. @entity0 AND METHODS: We analyzed the data of 65 @entity0 , mean age 68 years (49 - 81 years), examined March 2009-September 2010. The @entity0 had at least one of the following malignancy suspicion criteria: PSA > 4 ng /ml (minimum 2 determinations), nodule(s) at digital rectal examination (DRE +) or previous gray scale TRUS positive appearance. All @entity0 underwent TRUS, Doppler-US and SEG in the same session, followed by systematic prostate biopsies (6-12 cores). Histopathology and imaging findings were correlated. RESULTS: Twenty-eight out of 65 @entity0 (43%) were diagnosed with @entity1 . Overall, SEG had a sensitivity of 67.85%, specificity 62.16%, positive predictive value 57.57% and negative predictive value 71.85%. However, SEG diagnostic reliability appeared to be higher for subgroups of @entity0 having PSA >10 ng / ml, lower number of fragments collected by @entity2 (6 vs. 10-12 cores) and age > 70 years. CONCLUSION: SEG appears to be useful in the diagnosis of @entity1 as it may increase the diagnosis accuracy in specific target groups.

title: Real-time sonoelastography in the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the safety and efficacy of the very-low-dose combination of @entity6 2 mg and @entity9 0.625 mg ( @entity8 /Ind0.625) in essential @entity2 , in relation to blood pressure control and target-organ damage. STUDY SELECTION: We included in this review several double-blind, randomized studies in @entity2 @entity0 , including five main studies from the European registration file and two clinical trials on regression of target-organ damage [large artery stiffness: the Preterax in Regression of Arterial Stiffness in a Controlled Double-Blind Study (REASON); microalbuminuria in @entity0 with type 2 @entity1 : the Preterax in Albuminuria Regression (PREMIER) study]. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Systolic ( @entity10 ) and @entity4 measured at trough with a @entity3 sphygmomanometer, an automatic device (OMRON), and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM). Arterial stiffness, assessed from pulse wave velocity measurement and augmentation index (REASON study). Microalbuminuria (PREMIER study). RESULTS: The @entity8 /Ind0.625 combination was selected from the dose-finding studies. Twelve weeks after the @entity0 were assigned to study groups, the reductions in @entity10 , measured with an OMRON device, were 12.3 +/- 15.0 mmHg with @entity8 /Ind0.625, 8.0 +/- 16.5 mmHg with @entity6 2 mg (P = 0.001), 9.4 +/- 14.3 mmHg with @entity9 0.625 mg (P = 0.023) and 2.1 +/- 16.8 mmHg with placebo (P < 0.001) (mean +/- SD; all P values are for comparisons with @entity8 /Ind0.625). The reductions in DBP were 6.8 +/- 9.2 mmHg, 5.0 +/- 9.5 mmHg (P = 0.02), 4.7 +/- 8.2 mmHg (P = 0.004) and 2.4 +/- 9.6 mmHg (P < 0.001) in the @entity8 /Ind0.625, @entity6 2 mg, @entity9 0.625 mg and placebo groups, respectively. During the long-term study, among 235 @entity0 who achieved initial blood pressure normalization with the fixed combination, 79.8% sustained their normalized status over 1 year, with no significant difference regarding safety criteria. During the REASON study, Per/Ind reduced pulse wave velocity to a similar extent as @entity5 , and augmentation index to a greater extent. During the PREMIER study, Per/Ind reduced microalbuminuria to a greater extent than did @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: The proven efficacy on blood pressure and regression of target-organ damage with a good safety profile confirm that the new fixed-low-dose combination @entity8 /Ind0.625 is a valuable option in the first-line treatment of @entity2 .

title: Very-low-dose combination of XXXX and @entity9 : efficacy on blood pressure and target-organ damage.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the safety and efficacy of the very-low-dose combination of @entity6 2 mg and @entity9 0.625 mg ( @entity8 /Ind0.625) in essential @entity2 , in relation to blood pressure control and target-organ damage. STUDY SELECTION: We included in this review several double-blind, randomized studies in @entity2 @entity0 , including five main studies from the European registration file and two clinical trials on regression of target-organ damage [large artery stiffness: the Preterax in Regression of Arterial Stiffness in a Controlled Double-Blind Study (REASON); microalbuminuria in @entity0 with type 2 @entity1 : the Preterax in Albuminuria Regression (PREMIER) study]. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Systolic ( @entity10 ) and @entity4 measured at trough with a @entity3 sphygmomanometer, an automatic device (OMRON), and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM). Arterial stiffness, assessed from pulse wave velocity measurement and augmentation index (REASON study). Microalbuminuria (PREMIER study). RESULTS: The @entity8 /Ind0.625 combination was selected from the dose-finding studies. Twelve weeks after the @entity0 were assigned to study groups, the reductions in @entity10 , measured with an OMRON device, were 12.3 +/- 15.0 mmHg with @entity8 /Ind0.625, 8.0 +/- 16.5 mmHg with @entity6 2 mg (P = 0.001), 9.4 +/- 14.3 mmHg with @entity9 0.625 mg (P = 0.023) and 2.1 +/- 16.8 mmHg with placebo (P < 0.001) (mean +/- SD; all P values are for comparisons with @entity8 /Ind0.625). The reductions in DBP were 6.8 +/- 9.2 mmHg, 5.0 +/- 9.5 mmHg (P = 0.02), 4.7 +/- 8.2 mmHg (P = 0.004) and 2.4 +/- 9.6 mmHg (P < 0.001) in the @entity8 /Ind0.625, @entity6 2 mg, @entity9 0.625 mg and placebo groups, respectively. During the long-term study, among 235 @entity0 who achieved initial blood pressure normalization with the fixed combination, 79.8% sustained their normalized status over 1 year, with no significant difference regarding safety criteria. During the REASON study, Per/Ind reduced pulse wave velocity to a similar extent as @entity5 , and augmentation index to a greater extent. During the PREMIER study, Per/Ind reduced microalbuminuria to a greater extent than did @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: The proven efficacy on blood pressure and regression of target-organ damage with a good safety profile confirm that the new fixed-low-dose combination @entity8 /Ind0.625 is a valuable option in the first-line treatment of @entity2 .

title: Very-low-dose combination of @entity6 and XXXX : efficacy on blood pressure and target-organ damage.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our purpose was to determine the anatomical outcome following small gauge vitrectomy for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) operated by vitreoretinal fellows. METHODS: We undertook a retrospective review of adult @entity0 presenting with an acute @entity1 treated with small gauge vitrectomy where the operating surgeon was either a vitreoretinal fellow or consultant surgeon. The @entity0 's demographics were recorded as well as relevant clinical findings. The end point was determined to be the anatomical outcome and number of surgeries. RESULTS: Two hundred and twelve eyes were included in this study. The age range was 21-90 years, with approximately one third of the @entity0 being female. The macula was attached in 53% at presentation, and 65% of the eyes were phakic. Primary re-attachment with a single operation was achieved in 75% of cases, and final re-attachment rate was 92%. Mean presenting visual acuity was LogMAR 1.07 (SD 1.09) and final visual acuity was LogMAR 0.63 (SD 0.85). We found no association between final anatomical success and experience of the surgeon (p = 0.6). CONCLUSION: We found that acute @entity1 treated by vitreoretinal fellows using small gauge vitrectomy did not place the @entity0 at any discernable disadvantage.

title: Vitreoretinal fellow surgical outcome of small gauge pars plana vitrectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Knowledge of @entity1 research findings is critical for healthcare professionals who treat addicted @entity0 . However, there is little information available about the instructional effectiveness of lecture-slide presentations in changing knowledge vs. beliefs of such professionals. DESIGN: A modified Solomon four-group experimental design was used to assess the instructional effectiveness (knowledge gain vs. belief changes) of three-hour @entity1 science workshops presented to health-care professionals by neurobiologically-trained academic researchers. Effectiveness of the workshops was assessed by a 28-item questionnaire on @entity0 versus control group knowledge/beliefs on @entity1 . Six-month follow-up questionnaires measured "retention" of knowledge and belief changes. RESULTS: The workshop @entity0 showed significant knowledge gain and belief changes, whereas the two control groups showed no change in knowledge or beliefs. After six months, knowledge gains decreased, but were still higher than pre-test scores. In contrast, belief changes on three subscales persisted over six months in 40 to 52 percent of the subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results illustrate a successful continuing education model by which academic researchers who are skilled teachers present a three-hour lecture-slide workshop with extensive question-and-answer sessions on addictions. We conclude that motivated health-care professionals can experience important knowledge gains and belief changes by participating in such workshops. In contrast to the transient retention of knowledge, belief changes persisted surprisingly well for at least six months in about half the subjects. These results suggest that long-term changes in the professional orientation of these health-care workers are possible.

title: Effectiveness of XXXX science presentations to treatment professionals, using a modified Solomon study design.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 (PCT) is an established biomarker for the diagnosis of @entity2 . Evidence is growing that PCT concentration correlates with the extent of @entity5 and prognosis in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 2,131 @entity0 with @entity3 were followed up for a median of 3.6 years. During follow-up, death from cardiovascular causes was registered in 95 @entity0 and non-fatal @entity4 in 85 @entity0 . Median and quartile 1 and 3 are reported for PCT concentration. @entity0 who died of cardiovascular causes had higher PCT concentrations [0.021 (0.012/0.036) ng/ml vs. 0.015 (0.010/0.023) ng/ml; P<0.0001]. @entity0 with @entity6 had increased concentrations of PCT in relation to @entity0 with stable angina [0.016 (0.011/0.027) ng/ml vs. 0.014 (0.009/0.014) ng/ml; P for trend <0.0001]. PCT concentration across quartiles was associated with the event rate (P=0.026; log-rank test) and mortality (P=0.00018). On Cox regression analysis, elevated PCT concentration was related to cardiovascular mortality [hazard ratio (HR), 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.65, P=0.0070], but not to @entity1 (HR, 1.09; 95%CI: 0.93-1.28, P=0.28). After adjustment for @entity7 ( @entity7 ), PCT did not provide additional prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS: PCT is associated with future cardiovascular mortality in @entity0 with @entity3 , but PCT is not superior to @entity7 for prediction of outcome.

title: Association of serum XXXX with cardiovascular prognosis in @entity3 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 (PCT) is an established biomarker for the diagnosis of @entity2 . Evidence is growing that PCT concentration correlates with the extent of @entity5 and prognosis in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 2,131 @entity0 with @entity3 were followed up for a median of 3.6 years. During follow-up, death from cardiovascular causes was registered in 95 @entity0 and non-fatal @entity4 in 85 @entity0 . Median and quartile 1 and 3 are reported for PCT concentration. @entity0 who died of cardiovascular causes had higher PCT concentrations [0.021 (0.012/0.036) ng/ml vs. 0.015 (0.010/0.023) ng/ml; P<0.0001]. @entity0 with @entity6 had increased concentrations of PCT in relation to @entity0 with stable angina [0.016 (0.011/0.027) ng/ml vs. 0.014 (0.009/0.014) ng/ml; P for trend <0.0001]. PCT concentration across quartiles was associated with the event rate (P=0.026; log-rank test) and mortality (P=0.00018). On Cox regression analysis, elevated PCT concentration was related to cardiovascular mortality [hazard ratio (HR), 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.65, P=0.0070], but not to @entity1 (HR, 1.09; 95%CI: 0.93-1.28, P=0.28). After adjustment for @entity7 ( @entity7 ), PCT did not provide additional prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS: PCT is associated with future cardiovascular mortality in @entity0 with @entity3 , but PCT is not superior to @entity7 for prediction of outcome.

title: Association of serum @entity8 with cardiovascular prognosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pediatric @entity0 with invasive @entity2 are often fragile hosts with multiple underlying conditions. Safety is an important feature of antifungal agents to be used in this setting. This study aims to evaluate safety of @entity3 in pediatric @entity0 (<16 years of age), enrolled in different studies including pharmacokinetic evaluations and clinical trials for @entity1 , @entity6 , and antifungal prophylaxis. METHODS: Adverse event (AE) data were pooled from 6 clinical trials conducted in Europe, the Americas, and Asia. RESULTS: A total of 296 @entity0 with a mean    standard deviation age of 6.5    5.1 years received >= 1 dose of @entity3 ; 66 were <1 year of age; 38 were premature. Other common underlying conditions were hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (33.8%) and @entity5 (29.1%). Approximately 40% of @entity0 were @entity4 at baseline (absolute neutrophil count <500 cells/mm). Median daily @entity3 dose was 1.7 mg/kg overall (range, 0.4-8.6 mg/kg) and 2.0 mg/kg (range, 0.8-7.7 mg/kg) for neonates <4 weeks old. Median treatment duration was 15 days (range, 1-425 days). During the study, AEs regardless of causality were recorded in 93.2% of subjects; 26.7% were classified as at least possibly related to study drug; and 34% of subjects had AEs meeting criteria for serious AE; of which, 4.7% of subjects experienced serious AEs at least possibly related to study drug. Study drug was discontinued because of AEs in 7 @entity0 (2.4%). No trends were observed with respect to analysis of AEs by dose or duration of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 was well tolerated by @entity0 of all ages including those with life-threatening underlying conditions. AEs thought to be drug related occasionally lead to discontinuation of the treatment.

title: Safety of XXXX in pediatric clinical trials.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Over the last 30 years the process of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has evolved considerably, yet the efficiency of this treatment remains relatively poor. The principal challenge faced by doctors and embryologists is the identification of the embryo with the greatest potential for producing a @entity0 . Current methods of embryo viability assessment provide only a rough guide to potential. In order to improve the odds of a successful pregnancy it is typical to transfer more than one embryo to the uterus. However, this often results in @entity2 (twins, triplets, etc), which are associated with significantly elevated risks of serious complications. If embryo viability could be assessed more accurately, it would be possible to transfer fewer embryos without negatively impacting @entity1 pregnancy rates. In order to assist with the identification of viable embryos, several scoring systems based on morphological criteria have been developed. However, these mostly rely on a subjective visual analysis. Automated assessment of morphological features offers the possibility of more accurate quantification of key embryo characteristics and elimination of inter- and intra-observer variation. In this paper, we describe the main embryo scoring systems currently in use and review related works on embryo image analysis that could lead to an automatic and precise grading of embryo quality. We summarise achievements, discuss challenges ahead, and point to some possible future directions in this research field.

title: A review on automatic analysis of XXXX embryo microscope images.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Ablations of anterior inferotemporal cortex in monkeys are known to impair learning when discriminations between members of several pairs of objects are taught concurrently. This deficit has been attributed to a loss of @entity4 . But ablations of hippocampus have also been shown to impair retention, and this impairment transcends the @entity4 . Therefore, in the first of two experiments, we compared the behavioral effects of @entity2 with those of either hippocampus, entorhinal area, or fornix, using a visual concurrent discrimination task. Monkeys with either @entity3 were impaired, while those with fornix sections were not. However, ablations of hippocampus included inadvertent damage of the inferotemporal cortex. Therefore, in the second experiment, behavioral effects of @entity2 were compared with those of hippocampus (without additional @entity1 ) on the concurrent task in both @entity4 . In the visual mode, monkeys with hippocampal removals were as impaired as those with inferotemporal ablations. In the tactual mode, however, hippocampal, but no inferotemporal, ablations were followed by a deficit. Our results, taken together with other existing evidence, emphasize the role of the hippocampus in mediating associative learning in more than one modality. These results, obtained with non- @entity0 primates, are in line with clinical findings.

title: Concurrent discrimination learning of monkeys after hippocampal, XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT: Resection of adjacent visceral organs is often required in surgery for abdominal @entity3 . OBJECTIVES: To analyze the specific perioperative morbidity and mortality of a left pancreatectomy in multivisceral resections for @entity3 . @entity0 : This paper considered all @entity0 treated at National @entity1 Institute, Milan, Italy, from January 1997 to May 2009 for the resection of @entity5 requiring a concomitant left pancreatectomy. The extension of surgery, pathology of both the @entity1 and the pancreatic tissue, completeness of resection, administration of pre or postoperative treatments and postoperative outcome were analyzed. The overall survival of the entire population was also assessed. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity0 affected by localized @entity7 or intra-abdominal @entity4 were identified. A macroscopically complete resection was achieved in all but 3 @entity0 (5.3%) and the neoplastic involvement of pancreatic tissue was documented at pathology in 26 (45.6%) @entity0 . @entity2 occurred in 20 @entity0 (35.1%); 7 @entity0 (12.3%) developed a postoperative @entity6 . With a median follow-up of the surviving @entity0 of 32 months (interquartile range: 20-57 months), the overall survival at 5 years was 67.0%. CONCLUSION: Left pancreatic resection seemed to be a safe procedure, even when it is part of a multivisceral resection for @entity5 . When margins are crucial for cure, the left pancreas should then always be resected, independently of its direct infiltration.

title: Morbidity of left pancreatectomy when associated with multivisceral resection for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Ciliopathies are @entity1 caused by defects of primary ciliary structure and/or function and are characterized by pleiotropic clinical features. The ciliopathies include several partially overlapping syndromes such as @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity7 , all of which have pronounced neurodevelopmental features. Here we focus on potential roles of cilia in central nervous system function, to explore how impairments may cause @entity2 and @entity0 . RECENT FINDINGS: Cilia have long been considered as 'sensory cellular antennae', responding as chemo-sensors, mechano-sensors and thermo-sensors, although their roles in development were not well understood until recently. The surprising finding that disparate syndromes are all due to defects of the primary cilia, along with the recent advances in genetics, has helped elucidate further roles of primary cilia beyond sensory functions. Several molecules that are associated with key signaling pathways have been discovered in primary cilia. These include sonic hedgehog, wingless, planar cell polarity and fibroblast growth factor, which are essential for many cellular processes. Additionally, mutations in 'ciliome' genes have largely shown @entity3 such as @entity4 and @entity2 , implying disrupted cilia-related signaling pathways. Accordingly, the emerging theme is that primary cilia may play roles as modulators of signal transduction to help shape cellular responses within the environmental context during both development and homeostasis. SUMMARY: The link between cilia and signal pathways has become a framework for understanding the pathogenesis of ciliopathies. Despite recent progress in ciliary biology, fundamental questions remain about how cilia regulate neuronal function in the central nervous system. Therefore, investigation of ciliary function in the nervous system may reveal cilia-modulating mechanisms in neurodevelopmental processes, as well as suggest new treatments for disease.

title: Cilia in the nervous system: linking cilia function and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: : To establish the feasibility and effect of an aerobic exercise intervention on symptoms of @entity3 among individuals with @entity2 . DESIGN: : A pre-post single group. @entity0 : : our community dwelling @entity0 (>11 months postinjury) with residual physical impairment recruited from an outpatient clinic. INTERVENTION: : 12-week aerobic exercise program. OUTCOME MEASURES: : The Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity3 ; aerobic capacity (cycle ergometer, heart rate at reference resistance, perceived exertion); Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and program perception (survey). ANALYSIS: : Descriptive statistics to depict change in outcome measure scores. Answers from the survey were collated and presented as summary statements. RESULTS: : All @entity0 had fewer symptoms of @entity3 , improved aerobic capacity and higher self esteem after the intervention. High satisfaction with the program was reported with no adverse effects. CONCLUSION: : The aerobic exercise program was feasible and effective for individuals with @entity2 , leading to improved mood, @entity1 , and self-esteem. Future research is needed to determine the intensity, frequency, and duration required to reach and maintain improvement.

title: Feasibility and effect of aerobic exercise for lowering @entity3 among individuals with XXXX : a pilot study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: : To establish the feasibility and effect of an aerobic exercise intervention on symptoms of @entity3 among individuals with @entity2 . DESIGN: : A pre-post single group. @entity0 : : our community dwelling @entity0 (>11 months postinjury) with residual physical impairment recruited from an outpatient clinic. INTERVENTION: : 12-week aerobic exercise program. OUTCOME MEASURES: : The Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity3 ; aerobic capacity (cycle ergometer, heart rate at reference resistance, perceived exertion); Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and program perception (survey). ANALYSIS: : Descriptive statistics to depict change in outcome measure scores. Answers from the survey were collated and presented as summary statements. RESULTS: : All @entity0 had fewer symptoms of @entity3 , improved aerobic capacity and higher self esteem after the intervention. High satisfaction with the program was reported with no adverse effects. CONCLUSION: : The aerobic exercise program was feasible and effective for individuals with @entity2 , leading to improved mood, @entity1 , and self-esteem. Future research is needed to determine the intensity, frequency, and duration required to reach and maintain improvement.

title: Feasibility and effect of aerobic exercise for lowering XXXX among individuals with @entity2 : a pilot study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 is the most common symptom among @entity0 presenting to the dermatology clinic. Scratching can cause mechanical @entity2 to the skin, further damaging the epidermal barrier and its function. This damage can facilitate the introduction of microbes that complicate the presenting disease and its management. @entity1 has a negative influence on quality of life. Initiation of treatment that can safely and effectively manage @entity1 may provide immediate benefits to the @entity0 . A novel topical formulation of @entity3 2.5% and @entity5 1% in a hydrophilic lotion base is indicated for the management of @entity1 . However, the rate of onset of antipruritic effects has not been well studied. This single-center, open-label, pilot study involved 11 subjects age 18 and older. All subjects applied @entity3 2.5% and @entity5 1% lotion four times daily for one day. Severity of @entity4 as measured by the visual analog scale decreased significantly following one day of medication use. The change in mean visual analog scale from baseline was -2.16  2.78 (P=0.0275), representing a mean percentage reduction of 31.74  42.11 (P=0.0315). Topical application of @entity3 2.5% and @entity5 1% lotion provides a significant reduction in @entity1 as rated by @entity0 using the visual analog scale with a single day of use. Early onset of action to decrease @entity4 is expected to improve the @entity0 's treatment experience and increase the level of long-term adherence.

title: Efficacy and onset of action of @entity3 2.5% and XXXX 1% lotion for the management of @entity1 : results of a pilot study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity4 is the most common symptom among @entity0 presenting to the dermatology clinic. Scratching can cause mechanical @entity2 to the skin, further damaging the epidermal barrier and its function. This damage can facilitate the introduction of microbes that complicate the presenting disease and its management. @entity1 has a negative influence on quality of life. Initiation of treatment that can safely and effectively manage @entity1 may provide immediate benefits to the @entity0 . A novel topical formulation of @entity3 2.5% and @entity5 1% in a hydrophilic lotion base is indicated for the management of @entity1 . However, the rate of onset of antipruritic effects has not been well studied. This single-center, open-label, pilot study involved 11 subjects age 18 and older. All subjects applied @entity3 2.5% and @entity5 1% lotion four times daily for one day. Severity of @entity4 as measured by the visual analog scale decreased significantly following one day of medication use. The change in mean visual analog scale from baseline was -2.16  2.78 (P=0.0275), representing a mean percentage reduction of 31.74  42.11 (P=0.0315). Topical application of @entity3 2.5% and @entity5 1% lotion provides a significant reduction in @entity1 as rated by @entity0 using the visual analog scale with a single day of use. Early onset of action to decrease @entity4 is expected to improve the @entity0 's treatment experience and increase the level of long-term adherence.

title: Efficacy and onset of action of XXXX 2.5% and @entity5 1% lotion for the management of @entity1 : results of a pilot study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 is the most common symptom among @entity0 presenting to the dermatology clinic. Scratching can cause mechanical @entity2 to the skin, further damaging the epidermal barrier and its function. This damage can facilitate the introduction of microbes that complicate the presenting disease and its management. @entity1 has a negative influence on quality of life. Initiation of treatment that can safely and effectively manage @entity1 may provide immediate benefits to the @entity0 . A novel topical formulation of @entity3 2.5% and @entity5 1% in a hydrophilic lotion base is indicated for the management of @entity1 . However, the rate of onset of antipruritic effects has not been well studied. This single-center, open-label, pilot study involved 11 subjects age 18 and older. All subjects applied @entity3 2.5% and @entity5 1% lotion four times daily for one day. Severity of @entity4 as measured by the visual analog scale decreased significantly following one day of medication use. The change in mean visual analog scale from baseline was -2.16  2.78 (P=0.0275), representing a mean percentage reduction of 31.74  42.11 (P=0.0315). Topical application of @entity3 2.5% and @entity5 1% lotion provides a significant reduction in @entity1 as rated by @entity0 using the visual analog scale with a single day of use. Early onset of action to decrease @entity4 is expected to improve the @entity0 's treatment experience and increase the level of long-term adherence.

title: Efficacy and onset of action of @entity3 2.5% and @entity5 1% lotion for the management of XXXX : results of a pilot study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: An unusual case of @entity1 is presented. The cystectomy specimen contained one large @entity0 with the histological picture of a poorly-moderately well-differentiated @entity2 and another small @entity0 with poorly-differentiated @entity3 . Besides, widespread areas of @entity4 were seen. Random biopsies from the bladder and from the @entity0 were independently examined, histopathologically and by flow-cytofluorometric DNA-analyses. The degree of ploidy was found to be quite different between the two @entity0 . In areas of @entity4 different aneuploid cll lines were indicated. Altogether five different aneuploid cell lines were found. There was a good correlation between the histopathological assessments and the DNA measurements: @entity4 corresponding to aneuploidy and various degrees of atypia corresponding to diploidy. In @entity0 metastases from several organs, only one aneuploid cell line was found. This cell line did not correspond to those found in the @entity0 .

title: Detection of different DNA stem cell lines in a case of human XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: A history of abdominal surgery have long been considered a contraindication to laparoscopy. There was a reluctance to advocate the use of laparoscopy in mechanical @entity3 due to technical difficulties related to a distended small intestine, and a small work space. AIMS: To report the results of laparoscopic treatment of small bowel mechanical obstruction and to study the factors for conversion to laparotomy. METHODS: Our study is retrospective, having compiled 32 @entity0 between January 2001 and December 2009. The average age was 35 years (20-54). There were 17 @entity0 and 15 @entity0 . History of laparotomies were noted in 27 @entity0 . Were excluded from this study @entity0 with strangulated @entity1 or eventration. An analysis was conducted to determine the conversion factors to laparotomy RESULTS: The flanges or postoperative adhesions were responsible for 27 of the 32 @entity2 (84%). In 24 cases there was a single flange or localized adhesions treated by simple section successfully in 18 @entity0 (56% of cases). A conversion was performed in 14 cases (44%). the median time to recovery of intestinal transit was shorter after laparoscopic surgery completely after conversion (1.5 vs. 2.5 days, p = 0.004). Similarly, the median length of postoperative stay was shorter in the absence of conversion (2.4 vs 7, p <0.001). Statistical analysis identified four factors related to conversion, which are: the presence of peritoneal signs, the number of brackets> 1, and the need for a bowel resection. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy is an option for the treatment of mechanical @entity3 when performed in selected @entity0 . His best indication could be the occlusion of single flange. This alternative to laparotomy could reduce adhesion formation and potentially reduce future episodes of obstruction.

title: [Laparoscopic treatment of mechanical small XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with poorer outcomes in @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive @entity0 . This association is not well established for @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). In this study, the prognostic effects of body mass index on clinical outcome were evaluated in @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 418 @entity1 who were treated between July 1996 and July 2010 for @entity0 . @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were evaluated in relation to body mass index (BMI) after controlling for clinically significant variables. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-four @entity1 (29.7%) were normal/underweight (BMI  <=24.9 kg/m(2) ), 130 @entity1 (31.1%) were overweight (BMI from 25 to 29.9 kg/m(2) ), and 164 @entity1 (39.2%) were @entity3 (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2) ). At a median follow-up of 37.2 months, there were 105 recurrences (25.1%) and 87 deaths (20.8%). Compared with normal/underweight @entity1 , the multivariate hazard ratio (HR) for @entity4 was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-1.34) for @entity3 @entity1 . Similarly, @entity4 was not associated with BMI category; @entity3 @entity1 had an HR of death of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.54-1.64) compared with normal/underweight @entity1 . A Cox regression analysis identified the receipt of chemotherapy (HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.12-0.52), ductal histology (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.25-0.97), @entity2 (HR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.35-9.06), and increasing @entity2 size (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.09-1.3) as independent prognostic factors for @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: No significant relation between @entity3 and @entity4 or @entity4 emerged in @entity1 with @entity0 after controlling for clinically significant factors.

title: Impact of body mass index on clinical outcomes in triple-negative XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Aberrant reprogramming of donor somatic cell nuclei may result in many severe problems in animal cloning. The inability to establish functional interactions between donor nucleus and recipient mitochondria is also likely responsible for such a @entity1 . However, detailed knowledge of protein expression during @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 is lacking. In the present study, variations in mitochondrial protein levels between @entity2 -derived and control @entity0 , and from @entity0 derived by artificial insemination were investigated. Mitochondrial fractions were prepared from frozen liver samples and subjected to two-dimensional (2-D) fluorescence differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) using CyDye    dyes. Protein expression changes were confirmed with a volume ratio greater than 2.0 (P   <   0.05). 2D-DIGE analysis revealed differential expression of three proteins for @entity2 @entity0 (n   =   4) and seven proteins for @entity2 @entity0 (n   =   6) compared to controls (P   <   0.05). Different protein patterning was observed among @entity2 animals even if animals were generated from the same donor cell source. No differences were detected in two of the @entity2 @entity0 . Moreover, there was no novel protein identified in any of the @entity2 @entity0 or @entity0 . In conclusion, variation in mitochondrial protein expression concentrations was observed in non-viable, neonatal @entity2 @entity0 and among @entity2 individuals. This result implicates mitochondrial-related gene expression in early developmental loss of @entity2 embryos. Comparative proteomic analysis represents an important tool for further studies on @entity2 animals.

title: Comparison of liver mitochondrial proteins derived from newborn cloned XXXX and from cloned adult @entity0 by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Aberrant reprogramming of donor somatic cell nuclei may result in many severe problems in animal cloning. The inability to establish functional interactions between donor nucleus and recipient mitochondria is also likely responsible for such a @entity1 . However, detailed knowledge of protein expression during @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 is lacking. In the present study, variations in mitochondrial protein levels between @entity2 -derived and control @entity0 , and from @entity0 derived by artificial insemination were investigated. Mitochondrial fractions were prepared from frozen liver samples and subjected to two-dimensional (2-D) fluorescence differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) using CyDye    dyes. Protein expression changes were confirmed with a volume ratio greater than 2.0 (P   <   0.05). 2D-DIGE analysis revealed differential expression of three proteins for @entity2 @entity0 (n   =   4) and seven proteins for @entity2 @entity0 (n   =   6) compared to controls (P   <   0.05). Different protein patterning was observed among @entity2 animals even if animals were generated from the same donor cell source. No differences were detected in two of the @entity2 @entity0 . Moreover, there was no novel protein identified in any of the @entity2 @entity0 or @entity0 . In conclusion, variation in mitochondrial protein expression concentrations was observed in non-viable, neonatal @entity2 @entity0 and among @entity2 individuals. This result implicates mitochondrial-related gene expression in early developmental loss of @entity2 embryos. Comparative proteomic analysis represents an important tool for further studies on @entity2 animals.

title: Comparison of liver mitochondrial proteins derived from newborn cloned @entity0 and from cloned adult XXXX by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate weight loss maintenance after 4 years of nonpharmacological, nonsurgical @entity1 treatment, including a very low calorie diet (VLCD), diet and behavioural support. Furthermore, to assess weight development amongst completers and noncompleters beyond the active 4-year treatment period. DESIGN: Clinical trial. SETTING: Two Swedish county hospitals. SUBJECTS: A total of 113 @entity0 were randomized to a 2-year treatment programme with or without an initial VLCD period. The 87 @entity0 who completed the 2-year programme were offered the chance to continue a support programme for another 2 years. A total of 55 @entity0 completed the entire 4-year programme. INTERVENTIONS: All the @entity0 took part in a comprehensive support programme, including a hypocaloric diet and behavioural support, either as single treatment (non-VLCD group) or following the VLCD period (VLCD group). RESULTS: Significant 4-year weight losses were found in both groups, 7.6 +/- 12.2 kg (VLCD group) and 6.3 +/- 8.5 kg (non-VLCD group), (P < 0.01, n.s. between groups). The completers (n = 55) had maintained a weight loss of 3.3 +/- 10.7 kg (P < 0.05) 8 years after randomization. After 6 years, the noncompleters (n = 58) had gained 3.2 +/- 9.7 kg compared with baseline (P < 0.05). The difference in weight change between completers and non-completers was highly significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Highly significant weight losses can be maintained after a 4-year comprehensive treatment programme, including a hypocaloric diet and behavioural support. An initial VLCD period did not significantly affect the long-term weight loss. The posttreatment long-term weight loss was larger amongst completers than amongst @entity0 who did not complete the treatment.

title: A dietary and behavioural programme for the treatment of XXXX . A 4-year clinical trial and a long-term posttreatment follow-up.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the curative effect of transtympanic perfusion of @entity3 on unilateral M  ni  re's disease. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity0 with unilateral M  ni  re's disease, 14 males and 9 females, aged 24 - 61, all with vertigo, @entity4 to different degrees, were treated with transtympanic perfusion of @entity3 via the tympanostomy tube, 12 mg @entity5 hours and 5 times a day. Pure tone audiometry and caloric test were performed every day before treatment. When @entity1 was observed by Frenzel's glasses and the treated ear showed no response to caloric test, the treatment was ceased. After the treatment the @entity0 were followed up for 9 - 11 years (10.2 years on average). RESULTS: The average amount of @entity3 used was 216 mg. The treatment lasted for 1.5 to 5 days (3.6 days on average). @entity6 disappeared in 21 @entity0 (91%) and remained unchanged in 2. Hearing was improved or remained unchanged in 17 @entity0 (73%) and became worse in 6. @entity2 decreased or disappeared in 15 @entity0 (66%), and increased in 2 @entity0 . Ear fullness sensation decreased or disappeared in 21 @entity0 (91%). and remained unchanged in 2. Twenty-one @entity0 were completely recovered and returned to work (91%). CONCLUSION: Relieving intractable vertigo and preserving hearing, transtympanic perfusion of @entity3 is effective on unilateral M  ni  re's disease.

title: [Curative effect of transtympanic perfusion of XXXX on unilateral M  ni  re's disease].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The susceptibility of a known @entity4 -resistant population of small strongyles to anthelmintics of both @entity2 and non- @entity2 groups, was determined. In the first study, 42 @entity0 infected with @entity4 -resistant small strongyles were allocated to 6 groups. Treatment groups received one of the following anthelmintics: @entity1 , @entity6 , @entity6 plus @entity3 , @entity8 , or a combination of @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity3 . @entity8 and the @entity4 / @entity5 / @entity3 combination produced highly significant (p less than 0.001) reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment. @entity1 , @entity6 and @entity6 plus @entity3 failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly. Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, small strongyles of the sub-family Cyathostominae were involved. Eighteen @entity0 from groups in which treatment had failed were re-allocated to 3 groups. Treatment with either morantel tartrate or @entity9 was highly efficient in reducing faecal strongyle egg counts. In the final study, fifty-four @entity0 , infected with @entity2 -resistant small strongyles were allocated to 10 groups. On day zero, each treatment group received one of the following anthelmintics: @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity1 , @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity4 / @entity5 , @entity7 / @entity5 , @entity1 / @entity5 or @entity10 / @entity5 . @entity10 , @entity5 and the @entity2 / @entity5 combinations produced highly significant reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment (p less than 0.001). When administered alone, @entity2 anthelmintics failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly, with the exception of @entity10 . Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, the species involved were small strongyles of subfamily Cyathostominae. There was no significant increase in @entity2 resistance level (based on in vitro assay) as a result of drug treatment, over one generation.

title: Resistance to XXXX anthelmintics in @entity0 strongyles. 2. Evidence of side-resistance, and susceptibility of @entity2 -resistant strongyles to non- @entity2 compounds.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The susceptibility of a known @entity4 -resistant population of small strongyles to anthelmintics of both @entity2 and non- @entity2 groups, was determined. In the first study, 42 @entity0 infected with @entity4 -resistant small strongyles were allocated to 6 groups. Treatment groups received one of the following anthelmintics: @entity1 , @entity6 , @entity6 plus @entity3 , @entity8 , or a combination of @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity3 . @entity8 and the @entity4 / @entity5 / @entity3 combination produced highly significant (p less than 0.001) reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment. @entity1 , @entity6 and @entity6 plus @entity3 failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly. Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, small strongyles of the sub-family Cyathostominae were involved. Eighteen @entity0 from groups in which treatment had failed were re-allocated to 3 groups. Treatment with either morantel tartrate or @entity9 was highly efficient in reducing faecal strongyle egg counts. In the final study, fifty-four @entity0 , infected with @entity2 -resistant small strongyles were allocated to 10 groups. On day zero, each treatment group received one of the following anthelmintics: @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity1 , @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity4 / @entity5 , @entity7 / @entity5 , @entity1 / @entity5 or @entity10 / @entity5 . @entity10 , @entity5 and the @entity2 / @entity5 combinations produced highly significant reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment (p less than 0.001). When administered alone, @entity2 anthelmintics failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly, with the exception of @entity10 . Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, the species involved were small strongyles of subfamily Cyathostominae. There was no significant increase in @entity2 resistance level (based on in vitro assay) as a result of drug treatment, over one generation.

title: Resistance to @entity2 anthelmintics in @entity0 strongyles. 2. Evidence of side-resistance, and susceptibility of XXXX -resistant strongyles to non- @entity2 compounds.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The susceptibility of a known @entity4 -resistant population of small strongyles to anthelmintics of both @entity2 and non- @entity2 groups, was determined. In the first study, 42 @entity0 infected with @entity4 -resistant small strongyles were allocated to 6 groups. Treatment groups received one of the following anthelmintics: @entity1 , @entity6 , @entity6 plus @entity3 , @entity8 , or a combination of @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity3 . @entity8 and the @entity4 / @entity5 / @entity3 combination produced highly significant (p less than 0.001) reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment. @entity1 , @entity6 and @entity6 plus @entity3 failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly. Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, small strongyles of the sub-family Cyathostominae were involved. Eighteen @entity0 from groups in which treatment had failed were re-allocated to 3 groups. Treatment with either morantel tartrate or @entity9 was highly efficient in reducing faecal strongyle egg counts. In the final study, fifty-four @entity0 , infected with @entity2 -resistant small strongyles were allocated to 10 groups. On day zero, each treatment group received one of the following anthelmintics: @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity1 , @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity4 / @entity5 , @entity7 / @entity5 , @entity1 / @entity5 or @entity10 / @entity5 . @entity10 , @entity5 and the @entity2 / @entity5 combinations produced highly significant reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment (p less than 0.001). When administered alone, @entity2 anthelmintics failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly, with the exception of @entity10 . Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, the species involved were small strongyles of subfamily Cyathostominae. There was no significant increase in @entity2 resistance level (based on in vitro assay) as a result of drug treatment, over one generation.

title: Resistance to @entity2 anthelmintics in @entity0 strongyles. 2. Evidence of side-resistance, and susceptibility of @entity2 -resistant strongyles to non- XXXX compounds.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The susceptibility of a known @entity4 -resistant population of small strongyles to anthelmintics of both @entity2 and non- @entity2 groups, was determined. In the first study, 42 @entity0 infected with @entity4 -resistant small strongyles were allocated to 6 groups. Treatment groups received one of the following anthelmintics: @entity1 , @entity6 , @entity6 plus @entity3 , @entity8 , or a combination of @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity3 . @entity8 and the @entity4 / @entity5 / @entity3 combination produced highly significant (p less than 0.001) reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment. @entity1 , @entity6 and @entity6 plus @entity3 failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly. Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, small strongyles of the sub-family Cyathostominae were involved. Eighteen @entity0 from groups in which treatment had failed were re-allocated to 3 groups. Treatment with either morantel tartrate or @entity9 was highly efficient in reducing faecal strongyle egg counts. In the final study, fifty-four @entity0 , infected with @entity2 -resistant small strongyles were allocated to 10 groups. On day zero, each treatment group received one of the following anthelmintics: @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity1 , @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity4 / @entity5 , @entity7 / @entity5 , @entity1 / @entity5 or @entity10 / @entity5 . @entity10 , @entity5 and the @entity2 / @entity5 combinations produced highly significant reductions in faecal strongyle egg counts 20 days post-treatment (p less than 0.001). When administered alone, @entity2 anthelmintics failed to reduce strongyle egg counts significantly, with the exception of @entity10 . Larval culture and differentiation indicated that in all cases of anthelmintic failure, the species involved were small strongyles of subfamily Cyathostominae. There was no significant increase in @entity2 resistance level (based on in vitro assay) as a result of drug treatment, over one generation.

title: Resistance to @entity2 anthelmintics in XXXX strongyles. 2. Evidence of side-resistance, and susceptibility of @entity2 -resistant strongyles to non- @entity2 compounds.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Mix family homeodomain proteins, such as @entity0 Mixer and @entity1 @entity2 (Bon), have been shown to regulate the formation of the endoderm and are likely to be transcriptional mediators of Nodal signaling. Here, we show that, in addition to its previously described role in endoderm formation, Bon also regulates the anteroposterior patterning of the neuroectoderm. bon-mutant embryos exhibit an anterior reduction of the neural plate. By using targeted injection of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, we demonstrate that Bon is required in the axial mesoderm for anterior neural development. Consistent with these results, bon-mutant embryos show defects in axial mesoderm gene expression starting at mid-gastrulation stages. In addition, genetic analyses demonstrate a functional interaction during neural patterning between bon and two components of the Nodal signaling pathway, the nodal-related gene squint (sqt) and @entity3 [ @entity3 ; mutant locus schmalspur (sur)]. bon-/-;sqt-/- and bon-/-;sur-/- embryos exhibit neural patterning defects that are much more severe than those seen in the single mutants, suggesting that these genes function in parallel in this process. We also show that the severity of the neural patterning defects in the single- and double-mutant embryos correlates with the degree of reduction in expression of the Wnt antagonist gene dickkopf 1. Furthermore, bon-/-;sqt-/- and bon-/-;sur-/- embryos exhibit identical morphological and gene expression defects, suggesting, in part, that bon, sqt and sur ( @entity3 ) play overlapping roles in neural patterning. Taken together, these results provide evidence for a complex genetic network in which bon functions both downstream of, and possibly in parallel to, Nodal signaling to regulate neural patterning via the modulation of mesendodermal gene expression.

title: The Mix family homeodomain gene @entity2 functions with other components of the Nodal signaling pathway to regulate neural patterning in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Mix family homeodomain proteins, such as @entity0 Mixer and @entity1 @entity2 (Bon), have been shown to regulate the formation of the endoderm and are likely to be transcriptional mediators of Nodal signaling. Here, we show that, in addition to its previously described role in endoderm formation, Bon also regulates the anteroposterior patterning of the neuroectoderm. bon-mutant embryos exhibit an anterior reduction of the neural plate. By using targeted injection of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, we demonstrate that Bon is required in the axial mesoderm for anterior neural development. Consistent with these results, bon-mutant embryos show defects in axial mesoderm gene expression starting at mid-gastrulation stages. In addition, genetic analyses demonstrate a functional interaction during neural patterning between bon and two components of the Nodal signaling pathway, the nodal-related gene squint (sqt) and @entity3 [ @entity3 ; mutant locus schmalspur (sur)]. bon-/-;sqt-/- and bon-/-;sur-/- embryos exhibit neural patterning defects that are much more severe than those seen in the single mutants, suggesting that these genes function in parallel in this process. We also show that the severity of the neural patterning defects in the single- and double-mutant embryos correlates with the degree of reduction in expression of the Wnt antagonist gene dickkopf 1. Furthermore, bon-/-;sqt-/- and bon-/-;sur-/- embryos exhibit identical morphological and gene expression defects, suggesting, in part, that bon, sqt and sur ( @entity3 ) play overlapping roles in neural patterning. Taken together, these results provide evidence for a complex genetic network in which bon functions both downstream of, and possibly in parallel to, Nodal signaling to regulate neural patterning via the modulation of mesendodermal gene expression.

title: The Mix family homeodomain gene XXXX functions with other components of the Nodal signaling pathway to regulate neural patterning in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study, we examined the alteration of the G2 pathway in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity2 (EC), and analyzed the relationship between the G2 pathway status and the @entity1 pathway status. METHODS: A total of 103 cases (proliferative phase of the endometrium: 20, @entity4 : 22, and endometrioid-type EC: 61 (I: 39, II: 5, III: 15, recurrence: 2)) were included in this study. We examined the @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity5 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. In 55 cases ( @entity4 : 15; EC: 40), we analyzed @entity6 mutations by RT-PCR-SSCP. RESULTS: There were no @entity6 mutations in @entity3 . Elevated or reduced expression rates of @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 and @entity5 were 4.5% (1/22), 0%, 0%, 0% and 4.5% (1/22) in @entity4 and 3.3% (2/61), 4.9% (3/61), 13.1% (8/61), 9.8% (6/61) and 9.8% (6/61) in EC. Alteration of the G2 pathway was higher in EC (32.8%; 20/61) than in @entity4 (9.1%; 2/22; p = 0.047). The G2 pathway was significantly higher in the altered @entity1 pathway group (48.4%; 15/31) than in the normal @entity1 pathway group (16.7%; 5/30) in EC (p = 0.0134). The altered @entity1 pathway tended to be related with the @entity8 / @entity5 status (p = 0.0529). CONCLUSIONS: Alteration of the G2 pathway is thought to occur during @entity0 of the endometrium.

title: Alteration of G2 cell cycle regulators occurs during XXXX of the endometrium.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The current standard for diagnosis of @entity4 is @entity2 followed by biopsy and histopathology. This process can be invasive, subjective, time consuming, and costly. Optical techniques, including Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Raman Spectroscopy (RS), have been developed to perform non-invasive characterization of @entity3 based on either morphological or biochemical features of disease. The objective of this work is to report a clinical instrument capable of both morphological and biochemical characterization of @entity4 with RS-OCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The portable instrument utilizes independent 785   nm RS and 1,310   nm OCT system backbones. The two modalities are integrated in @entity5   (L) clinical probe. The probe enables sequential acquisition of co-registered OCT and RS data sets. The axial response of the RS collection in the skin was estimated using scattering phantoms. In addition, RS-OCT data from @entity0 with @entity1 are reported. RESULTS: The RS-OCT instrument is capable of screening areas as large as 15   mm (transverse) by 2.4   mm (in depth) at up to 8   frames/second with OCT, and identifying locations to perform RS. RS signal is collected from a 44     m transverse spot through a depth of approximately 530     m. RS-OCT data sets from a superficial scar and a nodular BCC are reported to demonstrate the clinical potential of the instrument. CONCLUSION: The RS-OCT instrument reported here is capable of morphological and biochemical characterization of cancerous @entity3 in a clinical setting. OCT can visualize microstructural irregularities and perform an initial morphological analysis of the lesion. The images can be used to guide acquisition of biochemically specific Raman spectra. The two data sets can then be evaluated with respect to one another to take advantage of the mutually complimentary nature of RS and OCT.

title: A clinical instrument for combined raman spectroscopy-optical coherence tomography of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Several single-institution pilot studies have suggested that augmented preparative regimens, including those containing total body irradiation combined with an autologous bone marrow transplantation, are superior to standard regimens for the treatment of relapsed or @entity6 . On the basis of these data, we undertook, in the cooperative group setting, a phase II trial of augmented preparative regimens for @entity0 experiencing treatment failure with conventional chemotherapy. Eighty-one @entity0 with either sensitive or refractory (induction failures or chemoresistant) relapse received @entity8 (60 mg/kg), @entity4 (100 mg/kg), and either total body irradiation (12 Gy) or, if previously irradiated, @entity10 (15 mg/kg), followed by an autologous bone marrow transplantation. Progression-free (PFS) and overall ( @entity9 ) survival were estimated, and a @entity5 regression model was used to assess potential prognostic variables. The 5-year PFS and @entity9 for the 74 eligible @entity0 treated at 20 Southwest Oncology Group centers were 41% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29%-53%) and 54% (95% CI, 43%-65%), respectively, despite a median remission after initial chemotherapy of only 6 months. The 3-year @entity9 for those whose induction therapy failed was 72% (95% CI, 52%-93%). There was 1 (1.4%) early treatment-related @entity2 , 2 late deaths due to @entity3 , and only 1 @entity2 due to @entity7 . There were no differences in PFS or @entity9 on the basis of regimen or chemosensitivity. A @entity5 prognostic factor analysis determined that >2 prior regimens, relapse in a radiated field, and @entity1 were adverse prognostic factors. Among the 46 @entity0 who received prior radiotherapy, the 5-year @entity9 was 38% (95% CI, 14%-61%) for @entity0 with 2 or 3 adverse factors, versus 60% (95% CI, 42%-78%) for those with 0 factors or 1 adverse factor. Augmented preparative regimens seem promising for the treatment of relapsed or @entity6 , without an increase in regimen-related mortality. A poor-prognosis group was identified that should be treated with novel therapies.

title: The value of augmented preparative regimens combined with an autologous bone marrow transplant for the management of relapsed or XXXX : a Southwest Oncology Group phase II trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The annual costs of chemotherapeutic agents from 1975 to 1980 were determined, and the impact on a hospital's budget of new chemotherapeutic agents marketed during this period was evaluated. Pharmacy purchasing records for the antineoplastics were reviewed retrospectively to determine fiscal year (FY) costs. Statistics from the Consumer Price Index report and hospital @entity0 load were used to project an adjusted annual cost for @entity1 chemotherapy. The annual expenditures for seven agents marketed in the past five years were expressed as a percentage of the pharmacy's budget. In addition, the oncology clinic records for the past four years were reviewed to assess trends in the number of visits and quantity of drugs prescribed. Analysis indicated that the costs of antineoplastic drugs have risen from  10,156 for FY 1973-1974 to  296,914 for FY 1979-1980. Antineoplastic drug costs have risen from 5.74 to 16.74% of the total drug budget during the same period. Only a portion of the increase in costs could be attributed to increased @entity0 load and inflation. The percentage of @entity0 receiving chemotherapy has reached a plateau, and the quantity of agents being prescribed was not found to be increasing. It was concluded that the rise in cost tends to follow the recent commercial availability of several new antineoplastics, especially @entity2 . Cancer drug costs will continue to represent a large portion of the total hospital budget in the future and budgets must be planned accordingly.

title: Escalating costs for XXXX chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 50-year-old @entity0 sustained severe @entity3 , including a @entity5 , in an automobile accident. Skull X-ray films disclosed a @entity1 of the right superior orbit. Computed tomography demonstrated @entity7 and extension of the @entity1 . Perimetric testing disclosed a bitemporal hemianopia along the vertical meridian. Visual acuity was 6/6 (20/20) in both eyes. Right macular sparing and left macular splitting were demonstrated by Amsler grid analysis as well as by the @entity0 's description of target grids projected onto his maculas. @entity4 was attributed to direct grids projected onto his maculas. @entity4 was attributed to direct injury of the right superior rectus muscle and to the effect of bitemporal field loss. There was no evidence of @entity6 . No treatment of the @entity0 's @entity2 was undertaken. A six-month follow-up examination disclosed no change in the @entity0 's @entity2 .

title: Traumatic chiasmal syndrome associated with @entity7 and sellar XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 50-year-old @entity0 sustained severe @entity3 , including a @entity5 , in an automobile accident. Skull X-ray films disclosed a @entity1 of the right superior orbit. Computed tomography demonstrated @entity7 and extension of the @entity1 . Perimetric testing disclosed a bitemporal hemianopia along the vertical meridian. Visual acuity was 6/6 (20/20) in both eyes. Right macular sparing and left macular splitting were demonstrated by Amsler grid analysis as well as by the @entity0 's description of target grids projected onto his maculas. @entity4 was attributed to direct grids projected onto his maculas. @entity4 was attributed to direct injury of the right superior rectus muscle and to the effect of bitemporal field loss. There was no evidence of @entity6 . No treatment of the @entity0 's @entity2 was undertaken. A six-month follow-up examination disclosed no change in the @entity0 's @entity2 .

title: Traumatic chiasmal syndrome associated with XXXX and sellar @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: We have developed a method for virtually continuous measurement of changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in @entity2 and @entity1 . CBF was computed by multiplying cross-sectional area (CSA) and mean blood velocity in a pial artery. CSA was determined by measuring pial artery diameter with an electronic micrometer every 2-4 s through a cranial window. Velocity was measured continuously with a pulsed Doppler crystal positioned under a pial artery. CBF was determined in 12 anesthetized @entity2 during 1) control, 2) @entity4 , 3) @entity3 , and 4) @entity3 plus @entity0 . Microspheres were injected under steady-state conditions to compare the two methods. During control, the diameter of the cerebral arteries observed was 388 +/- 28 (SE) micrometers, and CBF measured with microspheres was 40 +/- 4 ml.min-1.100 g-1. CBF decreased 18 +/- 2% during @entity4 and increased 152 +/- 36% during @entity3 . During steady-state conditions, the correlation coefficient between changes in CBF (CSA X velocity and microspheres) was 0.94, and the slope of the regression line was 1.02. In similar studies on seven anesthetized @entity1 , the correlation coefficient between CSA X velocity and microspheres was 0.98, and the slope of the regression line was 0.94. We conclude that the product of CSA and blood velocity of a pial artery provides accurate on-line measurement of changes in CBF.

title: Continuous measurement of cerebral blood flow in anesthetized XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We have developed a method for virtually continuous measurement of changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in @entity2 and @entity1 . CBF was computed by multiplying cross-sectional area (CSA) and mean blood velocity in a pial artery. CSA was determined by measuring pial artery diameter with an electronic micrometer every 2-4 s through a cranial window. Velocity was measured continuously with a pulsed Doppler crystal positioned under a pial artery. CBF was determined in 12 anesthetized @entity2 during 1) control, 2) @entity4 , 3) @entity3 , and 4) @entity3 plus @entity0 . Microspheres were injected under steady-state conditions to compare the two methods. During control, the diameter of the cerebral arteries observed was 388 +/- 28 (SE) micrometers, and CBF measured with microspheres was 40 +/- 4 ml.min-1.100 g-1. CBF decreased 18 +/- 2% during @entity4 and increased 152 +/- 36% during @entity3 . During steady-state conditions, the correlation coefficient between changes in CBF (CSA X velocity and microspheres) was 0.94, and the slope of the regression line was 1.02. In similar studies on seven anesthetized @entity1 , the correlation coefficient between CSA X velocity and microspheres was 0.98, and the slope of the regression line was 0.94. We conclude that the product of CSA and blood velocity of a pial artery provides accurate on-line measurement of changes in CBF.

title: Continuous measurement of cerebral blood flow in anesthetized @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the @entity1 control rate and cranial nerve function outcomes in @entity0 with @entity7 who were treated with proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery. METHODS: Between November 1992 and August 2000, 88 @entity0 with @entity7 were treated at the Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory with proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery in which two to four convergent fixed beams of 160-MeV protons were applied. The median transverse diameter was 16 mm (range, 2.5-35 mm), and the median @entity1 volume was 1.4 cm(3) (range, 0.1-15.9 cm(3)). Surgical resection had been performed previously in 15 @entity0 (17%). @entity6 (House-Brackmann Grade 1) and trigeminal nerve function were normal in 79 @entity0 (89.8%). Eight @entity0 (9%) had good or excellent hearing (Gardner-Robertson [GR] Grade 1), and 13 @entity0 (15%) had serviceable hearing (GR Grade 2). A median dose of 12 cobalt Gray equivalents (range, 10-18 cobalt Gray equivalents) was prescribed to the 70 to 108% isodose lines (median, 70%). The median follow-up period was 38.7 months (range, 12-102.6 mo). RESULTS: The actuarial 2- and 5-year @entity1 control rates were 95.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.9-99.9%) and 93.6% (95% CI, 88.3-99.3%). Salvage radiosurgery was performed in one @entity0 32.5 months after treatment, and a craniotomy was required 19.1 months after treatment in another @entity0 with @entity4 in the vicinity of a stable @entity1 . Three @entity0 (3.4%) underwent shunting for @entity5 , and a subsequent partial resection was performed in one of these @entity0 . The actuarial 5-year cumulative radiological reduction rate was 94.7% (95% CI, 81.2-98.3%). Of the 21 @entity0 (24%) with functional hearing (GR Grade 1 or 2), 7 (33.3%) retained serviceable hearing ability (GR Grade 2). Actuarial 5-year normal facial and trigeminal nerve function preservation rates were 91.1% (95% CI, 85-97.6%) and 89.4% (95% CI, 82-96.7%). Univariate analysis revealed that prescribed dose (P = 0.005), maximum dose (P = 0.006), and the inhomogeneity coefficient (P = 0.03) were associated with a significant risk of long-term @entity2 . No other @entity3 or @entity1 relapses were observed. CONCLUSION: Proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery has been shown to be an effective means of @entity1 control. A high radiological response rate was observed. Excellent facial and trigeminal nerve function preservation rates were achieved. A reduced prescribed dose is associated with a significant @entity2 .

title: Proton beam radiosurgery for XXXX : @entity1 control and @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the @entity1 control rate and cranial nerve function outcomes in @entity0 with @entity7 who were treated with proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery. METHODS: Between November 1992 and August 2000, 88 @entity0 with @entity7 were treated at the Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory with proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery in which two to four convergent fixed beams of 160-MeV protons were applied. The median transverse diameter was 16 mm (range, 2.5-35 mm), and the median @entity1 volume was 1.4 cm(3) (range, 0.1-15.9 cm(3)). Surgical resection had been performed previously in 15 @entity0 (17%). @entity6 (House-Brackmann Grade 1) and trigeminal nerve function were normal in 79 @entity0 (89.8%). Eight @entity0 (9%) had good or excellent hearing (Gardner-Robertson [GR] Grade 1), and 13 @entity0 (15%) had serviceable hearing (GR Grade 2). A median dose of 12 cobalt Gray equivalents (range, 10-18 cobalt Gray equivalents) was prescribed to the 70 to 108% isodose lines (median, 70%). The median follow-up period was 38.7 months (range, 12-102.6 mo). RESULTS: The actuarial 2- and 5-year @entity1 control rates were 95.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.9-99.9%) and 93.6% (95% CI, 88.3-99.3%). Salvage radiosurgery was performed in one @entity0 32.5 months after treatment, and a craniotomy was required 19.1 months after treatment in another @entity0 with @entity4 in the vicinity of a stable @entity1 . Three @entity0 (3.4%) underwent shunting for @entity5 , and a subsequent partial resection was performed in one of these @entity0 . The actuarial 5-year cumulative radiological reduction rate was 94.7% (95% CI, 81.2-98.3%). Of the 21 @entity0 (24%) with functional hearing (GR Grade 1 or 2), 7 (33.3%) retained serviceable hearing ability (GR Grade 2). Actuarial 5-year normal facial and trigeminal nerve function preservation rates were 91.1% (95% CI, 85-97.6%) and 89.4% (95% CI, 82-96.7%). Univariate analysis revealed that prescribed dose (P = 0.005), maximum dose (P = 0.006), and the inhomogeneity coefficient (P = 0.03) were associated with a significant risk of long-term @entity2 . No other @entity3 or @entity1 relapses were observed. CONCLUSION: Proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery has been shown to be an effective means of @entity1 control. A high radiological response rate was observed. Excellent facial and trigeminal nerve function preservation rates were achieved. A reduced prescribed dose is associated with a significant @entity2 .

title: Proton beam radiosurgery for @entity7 : XXXX control and @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the @entity1 control rate and cranial nerve function outcomes in @entity0 with @entity7 who were treated with proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery. METHODS: Between November 1992 and August 2000, 88 @entity0 with @entity7 were treated at the Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory with proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery in which two to four convergent fixed beams of 160-MeV protons were applied. The median transverse diameter was 16 mm (range, 2.5-35 mm), and the median @entity1 volume was 1.4 cm(3) (range, 0.1-15.9 cm(3)). Surgical resection had been performed previously in 15 @entity0 (17%). @entity6 (House-Brackmann Grade 1) and trigeminal nerve function were normal in 79 @entity0 (89.8%). Eight @entity0 (9%) had good or excellent hearing (Gardner-Robertson [GR] Grade 1), and 13 @entity0 (15%) had serviceable hearing (GR Grade 2). A median dose of 12 cobalt Gray equivalents (range, 10-18 cobalt Gray equivalents) was prescribed to the 70 to 108% isodose lines (median, 70%). The median follow-up period was 38.7 months (range, 12-102.6 mo). RESULTS: The actuarial 2- and 5-year @entity1 control rates were 95.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.9-99.9%) and 93.6% (95% CI, 88.3-99.3%). Salvage radiosurgery was performed in one @entity0 32.5 months after treatment, and a craniotomy was required 19.1 months after treatment in another @entity0 with @entity4 in the vicinity of a stable @entity1 . Three @entity0 (3.4%) underwent shunting for @entity5 , and a subsequent partial resection was performed in one of these @entity0 . The actuarial 5-year cumulative radiological reduction rate was 94.7% (95% CI, 81.2-98.3%). Of the 21 @entity0 (24%) with functional hearing (GR Grade 1 or 2), 7 (33.3%) retained serviceable hearing ability (GR Grade 2). Actuarial 5-year normal facial and trigeminal nerve function preservation rates were 91.1% (95% CI, 85-97.6%) and 89.4% (95% CI, 82-96.7%). Univariate analysis revealed that prescribed dose (P = 0.005), maximum dose (P = 0.006), and the inhomogeneity coefficient (P = 0.03) were associated with a significant risk of long-term @entity2 . No other @entity3 or @entity1 relapses were observed. CONCLUSION: Proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery has been shown to be an effective means of @entity1 control. A high radiological response rate was observed. Excellent facial and trigeminal nerve function preservation rates were achieved. A reduced prescribed dose is associated with a significant @entity2 .

title: Proton beam radiosurgery for @entity7 : @entity1 control and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the value of lymphoscintigraphy in general and extra-axillary lymph node biopsy in particular, based on our experience with sentinel biopsy in 128 consecutive @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity0 . METHODS: Sentinel node biopsy was performed with the aid of isotope, hand held gamma probe, blue dye and lymphoscintigraphy in 83 @entity1 . Injection technique was peritumoral or intratumoral. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed 2-4 h following isotope injection. RESULTS: Eighteen lymposcintigraphies were negative (21.7%). The sentinel node was found in 14 of these cases. We were unable to identify the sentinel node(s) in four @entity1 (4/83; 4.8%). All in all 20/25 (80%) extra-axillary nodes were located and taken out. Only two of these (2/20, 10%) were positive for metastatic disease on histological examination. The adjuvant treatment plans for these @entity1 were not altered in response to these findings. No positive extra-axillary node(s) with simultaneous normal axillary sentinel node was found. CONCLUSIONS: In this serie, lymphoscintigraphy and biopsy of extra-axillary sentinel nodes added nothing but time, risk and cost to the procedure.

title: Extra-axillary sentinel node biopsy in XXXX staging--is it necessary?

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a rare cutaneous @entity2 . Its natural course is fast progression of the primary @entity2 and rapid regional metastasis. METHODS: The pathological archives of Helsinki University Hospital and Vaasa Central Hospital were reviewed from 1987 to 2001. Specimens were re-evaluated by two pathologists and size was measured from primary @entity2 . Multivariate analysis was performed for age, sex, primary @entity2 size, and method of initial surgery, development of @entity1 and development of local recurrence. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Of 34 @entity0 , 12 male and 22 female @entity0 , are reported. Their median age was 76.4 years. Half of the primaries were located in the head and neck region. All @entity0 were treated surgically. The mean @entity3 was 2.7 years by the Kaplan-Meier method. The 2-year survival rate was 65% and 5-year rate was 50%. The mean @entity3 for @entity2 size >2 cm was 1.7 years and for @entity2 size <or=2 cm 4.48. Poor prognostic factors for @entity3 were: male sex, size of the primary @entity2 (>2 cm) and metastatic dissemination. A favourable prognosis seemed to correlate to more aggressive surgical management as use of primary excision with split skin graft or reconstruction with a local flap. CONCLUSION: @entity4 affects the elderly @entity0 . In this study, female @entity0 predominated. Primary @entity2 size >2 cm predicts poorer outcome of the disease. A wide surgical excision is recommended for the primary treatment of @entity4 .

title: XXXX : a clinicopathological study of 34 @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a rare cutaneous @entity2 . Its natural course is fast progression of the primary @entity2 and rapid regional metastasis. METHODS: The pathological archives of Helsinki University Hospital and Vaasa Central Hospital were reviewed from 1987 to 2001. Specimens were re-evaluated by two pathologists and size was measured from primary @entity2 . Multivariate analysis was performed for age, sex, primary @entity2 size, and method of initial surgery, development of @entity1 and development of local recurrence. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Of 34 @entity0 , 12 male and 22 female @entity0 , are reported. Their median age was 76.4 years. Half of the primaries were located in the head and neck region. All @entity0 were treated surgically. The mean @entity3 was 2.7 years by the Kaplan-Meier method. The 2-year survival rate was 65% and 5-year rate was 50%. The mean @entity3 for @entity2 size >2 cm was 1.7 years and for @entity2 size <or=2 cm 4.48. Poor prognostic factors for @entity3 were: male sex, size of the primary @entity2 (>2 cm) and metastatic dissemination. A favourable prognosis seemed to correlate to more aggressive surgical management as use of primary excision with split skin graft or reconstruction with a local flap. CONCLUSION: @entity4 affects the elderly @entity0 . In this study, female @entity0 predominated. Primary @entity2 size >2 cm predicts poorer outcome of the disease. A wide surgical excision is recommended for the primary treatment of @entity4 .

title: @entity4 : a clinicopathological study of 34 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: A high-flow bypass is theoretically more effective than a conventional low-flow bypass in preventing @entity2 in @entity0 with symptomatic @entity5 and a compromised hemodynamic state of the brain. OBJECTIVE: To study the results of excimer laser-assisted nonocclusive anastomosis (ELANA) high-flow extracranial-to-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery in these @entity0 . METHODS: Between August 1998 and May 2008, 24 @entity0 underwent ELANA EC-IC bypass surgery because of transient @entity1 attacks or minor @entity4 associated with @entity5 . We retrospectively collected information. Follow-up data were updated by structured telephone interviews between May and September 2008. RESULTS: In all @entity0 , the ELANA EC-IC bypass was patent at the end of surgery with a mean flow of 106    41 mL/min. Within 30 days after the operation, 22 @entity0 (92%) had no major complication, whereas 2 @entity0 (8%) had a fatal @entity6 . During follow-up of a mean 4.4    2.4 years, the bypass remained patent in 18 of the 22 surviving @entity0 (82%) with a mean flow of 141    59 mL/min. All @entity0 with a patent bypass remained free of transient @entity1 attacks and @entity4 . In 4 @entity0 , the bypass occluded, accompanied by ipsilateral transient @entity1 attacks in 2 @entity0 , ipsilateral @entity4 in 1 @entity0 , and contralateral @entity4 in another @entity0 . CONCLUSION: ELANA EC-IC bypass surgery in @entity0 with @entity5 is technically feasible and results in cessation of ongoing transient @entity1 attacks and minor @entity4 , but carries a risk of @entity3 .

title: High-flow extracranial-to-intracranial excimer laser-assisted nonocclusive anastomosis bypass for symptomatic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The loss of patency constitutes the major complication of arteriovenous (AV) @entity2 hemodialysis grafts. In most cases, this graft failure is due to intimal @entity3 at the venous outflow tract, including proliferation of vascular, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts with deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Thus far, procedures developed for improving patency have proven unsuccessful, which can be partly explained by the lack of relevant animal models. For this purpose, we developed a porcine model for AV graft failure that will allow the assessment of promising therapeutic strategies in the near future. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 14 @entity4 , AV grafts were created bilaterally between the carotid artery and the jugular vein using expanded @entity2 . Two, 4 or 8 weeks after AV shunting, the grafts and adjacent vessels were excised and underwent histologic analysis. RESULTS: From 2 weeks onwards, a thick neo-intima developed at the venous @entity0 , predominantly consisting of alpha-actin-positive vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Intimal area increased over time, coinciding with a decreased graft flow. Grafts remained patent for at least 4 weeks. At 8 weeks, patency rates declined to less than 50% due to @entity1 formation superimposed on progressive neo-intima formation. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of an AV graft between the carotid artery and jugular vein in @entity4 causes a rapid neo-intimal response, accompanied by a loss of patency of 50% at 8 weeks after surgery. This model offers a suitable tool to study local interventions aimed at the improvement of AV graft patency rates.

title: Rapid, arteriovenous graft failure due to intimal XXXX : a porcine, bilateral, carotid arteriovenous graft model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Double stenting in a Y configuration may be used to treat a @entity2 not amenable to reconstruction with a single stent. OBJECTIVE: We studied the feasibility, safety, and mid-term angiographic outcome of @entity0 treated using this technique. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of all coil embolizations of wide-necked @entity2 using double stents in a Y configuration. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity0 were identified from 2002 to 2010 (14 @entity0 , 5 @entity0 ) with a mean age of 57.4 years. Stents were deployed in a Y configuration achieving complete occlusion (5/19), residual neck (5/19), and residual @entity2 filling (9/19). Angiographic follow-up was available for a mean of 16 months, and clinical follow up was available for a mean of 21.4 months. The incidence of complications at the initial treatment was 6 of 19 (31.6%), and delayed @entity4 complications occurred in 2 of 19 (10.5%). An angiographic neck recurrence requiring retreatment developed in only 1 of the @entity0 in whom complete occlusion was obtained with the initial treatment. Spontaneous @entity3 and complete occlusion on follow-up imaging were found in 6 @entity0 in whom initial neck or @entity2 filling was observed. Ultimately, 12 of the @entity2 (63.2%) were completely occluded on follow-up angiography. CONCLUSION: Y-stent reconstruction enables the endovascular management of otherwise complex, wide-necked @entity1 and can be performed safely in experienced hands with satisfactory mid-term results, even in cases requiring retreatment.

title: Mid-term results of endovascular coiling of wide-necked XXXX using double stents in a Y configuration.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Fluorescence-guided resection with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), which has shown promising results in the resection of @entity2 , has been used for @entity3 resection in an attempt to more clearly delineate the @entity1 margin. However, no article has investigated the fluorescence pattern of @entity3 on a histological level. Understanding the microscopic pattern of fluorescence could help assess the precision and utility of using @entity4 for these @entity1 . We present the case of a recurrent @entity3 operated on with @entity4 fluorescence-guided resection for delineation of @entity1 tissue from surrounding uninvolved dura. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 53-year-old @entity0 presented with recurrent @entity3 of the falx. Prior treatment included surgical resection 6 years earlier with subsequent fractionated radiation therapy and radiosurgery for @entity1 progression. The @entity0 was given @entity4 20 mg/kg body weight dissolved in 100 mL water 3 hours before induction of anesthesia. Intraoperative fluorescence was coregistered with preoperative imaging. Neuropathological analysis of the resected falx with confocal microscopy enabled correlation of fluorescence with the extent of @entity1 on a histological level. CONCLUSION: Fluorescence guidance allowed clear intraoperative delineation of @entity1 tissue from adjacent, uninvolved dura. On a microscopic level, there was a very close correlation of fluorescence with @entity1 , but some @entity1 cells did not fluoresce.

title: Confocal microscopy for the histological fluorescence pattern of a recurrent XXXX : case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: Despite the laparoscopic right hemicolectomy has been validated by many randomized prospective trials, clear evidences on the validity of the totally mini-invasive technique, namely, through intracorporeal @entity1 , are still lacking. The aim of this study was the assessment of short-term outcome within three months from laparoscopic right colectomy with intra- or extra-corporeal @entity1 . METHODS: With no exclusion, all @entity0 undergoing laparoscopic right hemicolectomy at our institution have been enrolled in this study. Group A included @entity0 undergoing laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with extracorporeal @entity1 (LAC) and Group B, included @entity0 undergoing laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with intracorporeal @entity1 (TLC). @entity0 ' data, surgery details, results of postoperative period and histological tests have been prospectively recorded in a database and analysed. RESULTS: Between December 2006 and December 2008, 45 @entity0 underwent right hemicolectomy, 21 with extracorporeal @entity1 and 24 had intracorporeal ones. As to @entity0 ' characteristics and histopathological results there are no difference between the groups. Anastomotic dehiscence occurred one in group A and one in group B (P>0.05). Both @entity0 underwent reoperation. We recorded 6 @entity2 in the LAC group and only 1 in the TLC group (P<0.05). The incidence of Non-Surgical Site Complications (NSSC) was of 4.54% in LAC group and 8.33% in TLC group (P>0.05). Hospitalization was of 5 days for both groups. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we believe that this technique is feasible in terms of safety; it doesn't significatively affect the length of surgical procedure and guarantees maintenance of oncological radicality standards of reference. Besides it significatively improves quality of the post-operative period.

title: [Feasibility and effectiveness of laparoscopic right colectomy with extracorporeal XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: There is ample evidence that the poststroke @entity3 or @entity4 is a manifestation of cholinergic deficit. Given this conception, we conducted a controlled study of efficacy and safety of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor @entity7 in @entity0 developed a @entity4 in the acute phase of @entity2 . The study included 224 consecutive @entity1 @entity0 : 68 @entity0 developed a @entity4 in the acute phase of disease. Severity of @entity4 was scored with the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS). A main group included 21 @entity0 with @entity4 treated with @entity7 in individually tailored doses. A control group included 47 @entity0 with @entity4 who received only vascular and anticoagulant treatment, i.e. @entity6 . Cognitive functions were tested 3 and 6 months after @entity1 with the MMSE, the @entity5 , the Luria 10 point verbal test. The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was used after 3 and 6 months to measure caregiver burden. In @entity0 treated with @entity7 , the @entity4 phase was significantly shorter (p<0,001) compared to the control group. In @entity0 without @entity4 in the acute phase of @entity1 , the results of neuropsychological study were better (p<0,001) than in @entity0 with @entity4 . Total ZBI scores were more favorable in the @entity7 group than in the control one (p<0,05). To the end of the study, 5 @entity0 died in the @entity7 group, 17 @entity0 in the control group and 3 @entity0 in the group without @entity4 . @entity7 was safe in the acute phase of @entity1 @entity0 even after the rapid titration.

title: [Efficacy and safety of @entity7 (exelon) in the XXXX in the acute phase of @entity2 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: There is ample evidence that the poststroke @entity3 or @entity4 is a manifestation of cholinergic deficit. Given this conception, we conducted a controlled study of efficacy and safety of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor @entity7 in @entity0 developed a @entity4 in the acute phase of @entity2 . The study included 224 consecutive @entity1 @entity0 : 68 @entity0 developed a @entity4 in the acute phase of disease. Severity of @entity4 was scored with the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS). A main group included 21 @entity0 with @entity4 treated with @entity7 in individually tailored doses. A control group included 47 @entity0 with @entity4 who received only vascular and anticoagulant treatment, i.e. @entity6 . Cognitive functions were tested 3 and 6 months after @entity1 with the MMSE, the @entity5 , the Luria 10 point verbal test. The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was used after 3 and 6 months to measure caregiver burden. In @entity0 treated with @entity7 , the @entity4 phase was significantly shorter (p<0,001) compared to the control group. In @entity0 without @entity4 in the acute phase of @entity1 , the results of neuropsychological study were better (p<0,001) than in @entity0 with @entity4 . Total ZBI scores were more favorable in the @entity7 group than in the control one (p<0,05). To the end of the study, 5 @entity0 died in the @entity7 group, 17 @entity0 in the control group and 3 @entity0 in the group without @entity4 . @entity7 was safe in the acute phase of @entity1 @entity0 even after the rapid titration.

title: [Efficacy and safety of @entity7 (exelon) in the @entity3 in the acute phase of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: There is ample evidence that the poststroke @entity3 or @entity4 is a manifestation of cholinergic deficit. Given this conception, we conducted a controlled study of efficacy and safety of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor @entity7 in @entity0 developed a @entity4 in the acute phase of @entity2 . The study included 224 consecutive @entity1 @entity0 : 68 @entity0 developed a @entity4 in the acute phase of disease. Severity of @entity4 was scored with the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS). A main group included 21 @entity0 with @entity4 treated with @entity7 in individually tailored doses. A control group included 47 @entity0 with @entity4 who received only vascular and anticoagulant treatment, i.e. @entity6 . Cognitive functions were tested 3 and 6 months after @entity1 with the MMSE, the @entity5 , the Luria 10 point verbal test. The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was used after 3 and 6 months to measure caregiver burden. In @entity0 treated with @entity7 , the @entity4 phase was significantly shorter (p<0,001) compared to the control group. In @entity0 without @entity4 in the acute phase of @entity1 , the results of neuropsychological study were better (p<0,001) than in @entity0 with @entity4 . Total ZBI scores were more favorable in the @entity7 group than in the control one (p<0,05). To the end of the study, 5 @entity0 died in the @entity7 group, 17 @entity0 in the control group and 3 @entity0 in the group without @entity4 . @entity7 was safe in the acute phase of @entity1 @entity0 even after the rapid titration.

title: [Efficacy and safety of XXXX (exelon) in the @entity3 in the acute phase of @entity2 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Childhood @entity11 are most commonly caused by one of two idiopathic diseases: minimal-change @entity11 (MCNS) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ). A third distinct type, @entity2 , is rare in @entity0 . Other causes of isolated @entity11 can be subdivided into two major categories: rare @entity3 , and secondary diseases associated with drugs, infections, or @entity1 . The cause of @entity13 remains unknown, but evidence suggests it may be a primary @entity9 that leads to glomerular podocyte dysfunction. Genetic studies in @entity0 with @entity11 have identified mutations in genes that encode important podocyte proteins. @entity0 with @entity13 are initially treated with @entity5 . @entity7 -responsiveness is of greater prognostic use than renal histology. Several second-line drugs, including alkylating agents, @entity4 , and @entity14 , may be effective for complicated and @entity7 -unresponsive MCNS and @entity8 @entity0 . @entity11 is associated with several medical complications, the most severe and potentially fatal being @entity12 and @entity10 . @entity13 is a chronic relapsing disease for most @entity7 -responsive @entity0 , whereas most @entity0 with refractory @entity8 ultimately develop @entity6 . Research is being done to further elucidate the disorder's molecular pathogenesis, identify new prognostic indicators, and to develop better approaches to treatment.

title: XXXX in childhood.

answer: @entity11