abstract: UNASSIGNED: The WHO's Ottawa Charter highlights five priority areas for taking action in public health. Only one of them is at the individual level as action at more upstream intervention levels, such as community or policy levels, is critical for enabling individuals to succeed. The objective of the present paper is to give insight into the many complex processes involved in public health nutrition by describing the Ottawa Charter's five priority areas for taking action using public health nutrition initiatives I have been involved in. Evidence-based guidelines for healthy eating and @entity0 feeding provide an essential basis for individuals to 'develop personal skills' (Action Area 1). 'Re-orienting health services' (Action Area 2) can address the needs of vulnerable population subgroups, such as the culturally sensitive @entity1 prevention programme established for an Indo-Asian community in Canada. Identifying geographic areas at high risk of childhood @entity2 enables better strategic planning and targeting of resources to 'strengthen community action' (Action Area 3). Calorie menu labelling can 'create supportive environments' (Action Area 4) through encouraging a demand for less energy-dense, healthier food options. 'Building healthy public policy' (Action Area 5) to implement mandatory @entity4 food fortification for prevention of @entity3 has many advantages over a @entity5 . In conclusion, evaluation and evidence-based decision-making needs to take account of different strategies used to take action in each of these priority areas. For this, the randomised control trial needs adaptation to determine the best practice in public health nutrition where interventions play out in real life with all its confounding factors.

title: Empowering XXXX to be healthier: public health nutrition through the Ottawa Charter.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The morphology and distribution of perikarya positive for @entity6 acetyltransferase, @entity7 , @entity3 binding protein (calbindin @entity8 ) and @entity5 diaphorase were surveyed in the @entity0 striatum. @entity6 acetyltransferase and @entity7 antibodies labeled separate populations of large striatal interneurons. @entity7 immunoreactivity and @entity5 diaphorase ( @entity4 synthase) activity were completely co-localized. Calbindin antibody identified two distinct groups of striatal neurons: (1) numerous medium-sized, lightly stained neurons, probably analogous to striatopallidal projection neurons in the @entity1 , and (2) much less numerous, large, darkly stained neurons. Half of the latter group, but none of the former, were also @entity5 diaphorase-positive. @entity7 -positive and medium-sized, calbindin-positive neurons were more numerous in the caudate nucleus than in the putamen or ventral striatum. By contrast, large calbindin-immunoreactive neurons were more frequently encountered in the putamen. @entity6 acetyltransferase-positive neurons were evenly distributed across striatal components. In aged control subjects, the size of large, darkly stained calbindin-positive neurons was reduced relative to young subjects. Aging had no effect on @entity7 -, medium-sized calbindin-, or @entity6 acetyltransferase-positive neurons. However, in histologically confirmed cases of @entity2 , there was a selective, 75% loss of @entity6 acetyltransferase-immunoreactive perikarya from the ventral striatum, but not from the dorsal striatum, compared to aged controls. Furthermore, the remaining cholinergic neurons in the ventral striatum of @entity2 cases were significantly smaller than similar neurons in controls. These results indicate that various striatal components which have been shown to differ in their anatomical connectivity and functional specialization, also differ in their neurochemical signatures. The specific and marked loss of @entity6 acetyltransferase-positive neurons from the ventral striatum in @entity2 is consistent with the characteristic cholinergic and 'limbic' pathology in this disease.

title: @entity0 striatum: chemoarchitecture of the caudate nucleus, putamen and ventral striatum in health and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The morphology and distribution of perikarya positive for @entity6 acetyltransferase, @entity7 , @entity3 binding protein (calbindin @entity8 ) and @entity5 diaphorase were surveyed in the @entity0 striatum. @entity6 acetyltransferase and @entity7 antibodies labeled separate populations of large striatal interneurons. @entity7 immunoreactivity and @entity5 diaphorase ( @entity4 synthase) activity were completely co-localized. Calbindin antibody identified two distinct groups of striatal neurons: (1) numerous medium-sized, lightly stained neurons, probably analogous to striatopallidal projection neurons in the @entity1 , and (2) much less numerous, large, darkly stained neurons. Half of the latter group, but none of the former, were also @entity5 diaphorase-positive. @entity7 -positive and medium-sized, calbindin-positive neurons were more numerous in the caudate nucleus than in the putamen or ventral striatum. By contrast, large calbindin-immunoreactive neurons were more frequently encountered in the putamen. @entity6 acetyltransferase-positive neurons were evenly distributed across striatal components. In aged control subjects, the size of large, darkly stained calbindin-positive neurons was reduced relative to young subjects. Aging had no effect on @entity7 -, medium-sized calbindin-, or @entity6 acetyltransferase-positive neurons. However, in histologically confirmed cases of @entity2 , there was a selective, 75% loss of @entity6 acetyltransferase-immunoreactive perikarya from the ventral striatum, but not from the dorsal striatum, compared to aged controls. Furthermore, the remaining cholinergic neurons in the ventral striatum of @entity2 cases were significantly smaller than similar neurons in controls. These results indicate that various striatal components which have been shown to differ in their anatomical connectivity and functional specialization, also differ in their neurochemical signatures. The specific and marked loss of @entity6 acetyltransferase-positive neurons from the ventral striatum in @entity2 is consistent with the characteristic cholinergic and 'limbic' pathology in this disease.

title: XXXX striatum: chemoarchitecture of the caudate nucleus, putamen and ventral striatum in health and @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) regulate the bioavailability and bioactivity of IGF. The major IGFBP in serum is @entity4 . We investigated whether sera from @entity0 with @entity1 show alterations in levels of @entity4 as measured by Western ligand blot analysis (WLB) and RIA with alpha @entity4 gl, a specific rabbit polyclonal antibody. Furthermore, @entity4 proteolysis was quantified by densitometric analysis of [125I] @entity4 protease assays, and @entity4 fragments were visualized by Western immunoblot with alpha @entity4 gl. We examined sera from 21 @entity0 with solid @entity1 , five @entity0 with @entity2 who had reached complete remission, and 13 @entity0 with @entity5 . Serum samples were collected at diagnosis, before initiation of therapy. Sera of 10 healthy @entity0 served as normal controls. @entity0 with solid @entity1 or @entity3 had significantly higher (p < 0.001) @entity4 protease activity in serum than did normal controls or @entity0 with @entity2 in complete remission. Corresponding to this finding, densitometry of WLB showed lower @entity4 levels in sera of @entity0 with @entity1 in comparison with normal controls. The negative correlation (p < 0.001, r = -0.80) between @entity4 proteolysis, as measured by [125I] @entity4 protease assay, and @entity4 band density on WLB indicates that proteolysis is the probable reason for reduction of @entity4 on WLB. @entity4 concentrations measured by RIA were in the normal range for most @entity0 , further indicating that differences in serum @entity4 levels measured by WLB reflect protease activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 concentrations and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 protease activity in sera of @entity0 with @entity1 or XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) regulate the bioavailability and bioactivity of IGF. The major IGFBP in serum is @entity4 . We investigated whether sera from @entity0 with @entity1 show alterations in levels of @entity4 as measured by Western ligand blot analysis (WLB) and RIA with alpha @entity4 gl, a specific rabbit polyclonal antibody. Furthermore, @entity4 proteolysis was quantified by densitometric analysis of [125I] @entity4 protease assays, and @entity4 fragments were visualized by Western immunoblot with alpha @entity4 gl. We examined sera from 21 @entity0 with solid @entity1 , five @entity0 with @entity2 who had reached complete remission, and 13 @entity0 with @entity5 . Serum samples were collected at diagnosis, before initiation of therapy. Sera of 10 healthy @entity0 served as normal controls. @entity0 with solid @entity1 or @entity3 had significantly higher (p < 0.001) @entity4 protease activity in serum than did normal controls or @entity0 with @entity2 in complete remission. Corresponding to this finding, densitometry of WLB showed lower @entity4 levels in sera of @entity0 with @entity1 in comparison with normal controls. The negative correlation (p < 0.001, r = -0.80) between @entity4 proteolysis, as measured by [125I] @entity4 protease assay, and @entity4 band density on WLB indicates that proteolysis is the probable reason for reduction of @entity4 on WLB. @entity4 concentrations measured by RIA were in the normal range for most @entity0 , further indicating that differences in serum @entity4 levels measured by WLB reflect protease activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 concentrations and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 protease activity in sera of @entity0 with XXXX or @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) regulate the bioavailability and bioactivity of IGF. The major IGFBP in serum is @entity4 . We investigated whether sera from @entity0 with @entity1 show alterations in levels of @entity4 as measured by Western ligand blot analysis (WLB) and RIA with alpha @entity4 gl, a specific rabbit polyclonal antibody. Furthermore, @entity4 proteolysis was quantified by densitometric analysis of [125I] @entity4 protease assays, and @entity4 fragments were visualized by Western immunoblot with alpha @entity4 gl. We examined sera from 21 @entity0 with solid @entity1 , five @entity0 with @entity2 who had reached complete remission, and 13 @entity0 with @entity5 . Serum samples were collected at diagnosis, before initiation of therapy. Sera of 10 healthy @entity0 served as normal controls. @entity0 with solid @entity1 or @entity3 had significantly higher (p < 0.001) @entity4 protease activity in serum than did normal controls or @entity0 with @entity2 in complete remission. Corresponding to this finding, densitometry of WLB showed lower @entity4 levels in sera of @entity0 with @entity1 in comparison with normal controls. The negative correlation (p < 0.001, r = -0.80) between @entity4 proteolysis, as measured by [125I] @entity4 protease assay, and @entity4 band density on WLB indicates that proteolysis is the probable reason for reduction of @entity4 on WLB. @entity4 concentrations measured by RIA were in the normal range for most @entity0 , further indicating that differences in serum @entity4 levels measured by WLB reflect protease activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 concentrations and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 protease activity in sera of XXXX with @entity1 or @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent advances in high-throughput technology and the emergence of large-scale genomic datasets have enabled detection of genomic features that affect clinical outcomes. Although many previous computational studies have analysed the effect of each single gene or the additive effects of multiple genes on the clinical outcome, less attention has been devoted to the identification of gene-gene interactions of general type that are associated with the clinical outcome. Moreover, the integration of information from multiple molecular profiles adds another challenge to this problem. Recently, network-based approaches have gained huge popularity. However, previous network construction methods have been more concerned with the relationship between features only, rather than the effect of feature interactions on clinical outcome. METHODS: We propose a mutual information-based integrative network analysis framework (MINA) that identifies gene pairs associated with clinical outcome and systematically analyses the resulting networks over multiple genomic profiles. We implement an efficient non-parametric testing scheme that ensures the significance of detected gene interactions. We develop a tool named MINA that automates the proposed analysis scheme of identifying outcome-associated gene interactions and generating various networks from those interacting pairs for downstream analysis. RESULTS: We demonstrate the proposed framework using real data from @entity2 @entity0 in The @entity1 (TCGA). Statistically significant gene pairs associated with survival were identified from multiple genomic profiles, which include many individual genes that have weak or no effect on survival. Moreover, we also show that integrated networks, constructed by merging networks from multiple genomic profiles, demonstrate better topological properties and biological significance than individual networks. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a simple but powerful analysis tool that is able to detect gene-gene interactions associated with clinical outcome on multiple genomic profiles. By being network-based, our approach provides a better insight into the underlying gene-gene interaction mechanisms that affect the clinical outcome of @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Integrative network analysis for survival-associated gene-gene interactions across multiple genomic profiles in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To elucidate the impact of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) after allogeneic transplantation, the @entity3 Berlin-Frankfurt-M  nster Stem Cell Transplantation Group (ALL-BFM-SCT) conducted a prospective clinical trial. @entity0 AND METHODS: In the ALL-BFM-SCT 2003 trial, @entity1 was assessed in the bone marrow at days +30, +60, +90, +180, and +365 after transplantation in 113 @entity0 with @entity2 . Standardized quantification of @entity1 was performed according to the guidelines of the @entity4 - @entity1 Group. RESULTS: All @entity0 showed a 3-year probability of event-free survival (pEFS) of 55%. The cumulative incidence rates of relapse and treatment-related mortality were 32% and 12%, respectively. The pEFS was 60% for @entity0 who received their transplantations in second complete remission, 50% for @entity0 in >=  third complete remission, and 0% for @entity0 not in remission (P = .015). At all time points, the level of @entity1 was inversely correlated with event-free survival (EFS; P < .004) and positively correlated with the cumulative incidence of relapse (P < .01). A multivariable Cox model was fitted for each time point, which showed that @entity1 >=  10(-4) leukemic cells was consistently correlated with inferior EFS (P < .003). The accuracy of @entity1 measurements in predicting relapse was investigated with time-dependent receiver operating curves at days +30, +60, +90, and +180. From day +60 onward, the discriminatory power of @entity1 detection to predict the probability of relapse after 1, 3, 6, and 9 months was more than 96%, more than 87%, more than 71%, and more than 61%, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1 after transplantation was a reliable marker for predicting impending relapses and could thus serve as the basis for pre-emptive therapy.

title: Monitoring of Minimal @entity2 After Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation in Relapsed Childhood XXXX Allows for the Identification of Impending Relapse: Results of the ALL-BFM-SCT 2003 Trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To elucidate the impact of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) after allogeneic transplantation, the @entity3 Berlin-Frankfurt-M  nster Stem Cell Transplantation Group (ALL-BFM-SCT) conducted a prospective clinical trial. @entity0 AND METHODS: In the ALL-BFM-SCT 2003 trial, @entity1 was assessed in the bone marrow at days +30, +60, +90, +180, and +365 after transplantation in 113 @entity0 with @entity2 . Standardized quantification of @entity1 was performed according to the guidelines of the @entity4 - @entity1 Group. RESULTS: All @entity0 showed a 3-year probability of event-free survival (pEFS) of 55%. The cumulative incidence rates of relapse and treatment-related mortality were 32% and 12%, respectively. The pEFS was 60% for @entity0 who received their transplantations in second complete remission, 50% for @entity0 in >=  third complete remission, and 0% for @entity0 not in remission (P = .015). At all time points, the level of @entity1 was inversely correlated with event-free survival (EFS; P < .004) and positively correlated with the cumulative incidence of relapse (P < .01). A multivariable Cox model was fitted for each time point, which showed that @entity1 >=  10(-4) leukemic cells was consistently correlated with inferior EFS (P < .003). The accuracy of @entity1 measurements in predicting relapse was investigated with time-dependent receiver operating curves at days +30, +60, +90, and +180. From day +60 onward, the discriminatory power of @entity1 detection to predict the probability of relapse after 1, 3, 6, and 9 months was more than 96%, more than 87%, more than 71%, and more than 61%, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1 after transplantation was a reliable marker for predicting impending relapses and could thus serve as the basis for pre-emptive therapy.

title: Monitoring of Minimal XXXX After Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation in Relapsed Childhood @entity3 Allows for the Identification of Impending Relapse: Results of the ALL-BFM-SCT 2003 Trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Ribosome biogenesis is an essential process in all organisms. In eukaryotes, multiple ribosome biogenesis factors (RBFs) act in the processing of ribosomal (r)RNAs, assembly of ribosomal subunits and their export to the cytoplasm. We characterized two genes in @entity2 coding for orthologs of @entity1 @entity3 , a protein involved in maturation of the large ribosomal subunit. Both atBRX1 proteins, encoded by AT3G15460 and AT1G52930, respectively, are mainly localized in the nucleolus and are ubiquitously expressed throughout plant development and in various tissues. Mutant plant lines for both factors show a delay in development and pointed leaves can be observed in the @entity3 -2 mutant, implying a link between ribosome biogenesis and plant development. In addition, the pre-rRNA processing is affected in both mutants. Analysis of the pre-rRNA intermediates revealed that early processing steps can occur either in the 5' external transcribed spacer (ETS) or internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1). Interestingly, we also find that in @entity4 mutants, early processing events can be bypassed and removal of the 5' ETS is initiated by cleavage at the P' processing site. While the pathways of pre-rRNA processing are comparable to those of @entity1 and @entity0 cells, the balance between the two processing pathways is different in plants. Furthermore, plant-specific steps such as an additional processing site in the 5' ETS, likely post-transcriptional processing of the early cleavage sites and accumulation of a 5' extended 5.8S rRNA not observed in other eukaryotes can be detected.

title: atBRX1-1 and atBRX1-2 are involved in an alternative rRNA processing pathway in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The M(r) 38,000 RNA-binding protein ( @entity5 ) is the major component of translationally repressed messenger ribonucleoproteins in cryptobiotic gastrulae of the brine shrimp Artemia. Partial elucidation of the @entity1 sequence of @entity5 reveals that it is homologous to A/B-type hnRNP proteins. This was confirmed by immunodetection with antibodies specific for A/B-type hnRNP proteins from @entity0 . @entity5 can be phosphorylated in vitro by a src-related protein @entity2 kinase on multiple @entity2 residues located predominantly in the @entity3 -rich domain. @entity2 phosphorylated @entity5 can be efficiently dephosphorylated by a specific protein @entity2 phosphatase (1B-like) and by protein phosphatase 2A activated by the phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator. @entity2 phosphorylation of @entity5 slightly influences its subsequent phosphorylation by @entity4 . The latter phosphorylation site is located in the @entity3 -rich domain of @entity5 . Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis resolves @entity5 into multiple isoforms which shift to more acidic pI values after phosphorylation by protein @entity2 kinase or @entity4 . From nitrocellulose filter binding and UV cross-linking analysis, evidence was obtained that @entity2 phosphorylation of @entity5 impairs its binding to poly(A) but not to poly(U). This demonstrates the involvement of @entity2 residues in polynucleotide-specific RNA binding that can be regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.

title: XXXX phosphorylation of a M(r) 38,000 A/B-type hnRNP protein selectively modulates its RNA binding.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity4 expansion is one of the most common genetic etiologies observed with behavioural variant frontotemporal @entity2 (bvFTD). Revised diagnostic criteria for bvFTD (FTDC) were recently introduced but only a few studies have evaluated the accuracy of these criteria. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the applicability of the FTDC criteria and assess the @entity1 history of these @entity0 . METHODS: The study examined 36 @entity0 carrying the @entity4 expansion and suffering from bvFTD (N = 32) or from bvFTD with @entity5 (bvFTD-MND, N = 4). Neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, structural brain imaging and PET/SPECT data were evaluated. RESULTS: We found 0.75 sensitivity (SD 0.44, 95%CI 0.57-0.87) for possible bvFTD and 0.64 (SD 0.44, 95%CI 0.57-0.87) for probable bvFTD. The sensitivity was even higher in bvFTD @entity0 without MND, i.e., 0.81 for possible bvFTD and 0.69 for probable bvFTD. PET/SPECT was normal in 17.6% of scanned @entity0 with bvFTD. A history of @entity1 symptoms ( @entity3 and/or mood symptoms) was detected in 61% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The FTDC possible and probable bvFTD criteria seem to identify the majority of the @entity4 expansion carriers with bvFTD, even though they exhibit only a limited number of behavioral criteria but a significant amount of @entity1 symptoms. The presence of a normal PET/SPECT does not exclude the possibility the @entity4 associated bvFTD.

title: The Phenotype of the XXXX Expansion Carriers According to Revised Criteria for bvFTD.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Context: Disease control is a prime target in @entity3 treatment. This should be achievable in the vast majority of @entity0 by available treatment options. For unknown reasons, however, a significant number of @entity0 do not achieve disease control. Objective: To investigate reasons for failure to achieve disease control in long-standing @entity3 . Design and Methods: Survey based on the German @entity3 Registry database (1755 @entity0 in 57 centres). Questionnaires were sent to 47 centres treating 178 @entity0 with elevated disease markers ( @entity2 , GH) at the last documented database visit out of 1528 @entity0 with a diagnosis dated back >=  2 years. Thirty-three centres returned anonymised information for 120 @entity0 (recall rate 67.4%). Results: Median age of the 120 @entity0 (58 females) was 57 years (range 17-84). Ninety-four @entity0 had at least one operation, 29 had received radiotherapy, and 71 were previously treated medically. Comorbidities were reported in 67 @entity0 . In 61 @entity0 disease activity had been controlled since the last documented database visit, while 59 @entity0 still had biochemically active disease. Reasons were @entity0   denial to escalate therapy (23.3%), non-compliance (20.6%), fluctuating @entity2 and GH levels with normal values at previous visits (23.3%), and modifications in pharmacotherapy (15.1%). Therapy resistance (9.6%), @entity1 (4.1%), and economic considerations (4.1%) were rare reasons. Conclusions: Main reasons for long-standing active @entity3 were @entity0   lack of motivation to agree to therapeutic recommendations and non-compliance with medical therapy. Development of @entity0 education programmes could improve long-term control and thus prognosis of @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Failure to achieve disease control in XXXX : cause analysis by a registry-based survey.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several sophisticated methods of footprint analysis currently exist. However, it is sometimes useful to apply standard measurement methods of recognized evidence with an easy and quick application. We sought to assess the reliability and validity of a new method of footprint assessment in a healthy population using Photoshop @entity1 software (Adobe Systems Inc, San Jose, California). METHODS: Forty-two footprints, corresponding to 21 healthy individuals (11 @entity0 with a mean    SD age of 20.45    2.16 years and 10 @entity0 with a mean    SD age of 20.00    1.70 years) were analyzed. Footprints were recorded in static bipedal standing position using optical podography and digital photography. Three trials for each @entity0 were performed. The Hern  ndez-Corvo, Chippaux-Smirak, and Staheli indices and the Clarke angle were calculated by manual method and by computerized method using Photoshop @entity1 software. Test-retest was used to determine reliability. Validity was obtained by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: The reliability test for all of the indices showed high values (ICC, 0.98-0.99). Moreover, the validity test clearly showed no difference between techniques (ICC, 0.99-1). CONCLUSIONS: The reliability and validity of a method to measure, assess, and record the podometric indices using Photoshop @entity1 software has been demonstrated. This provides a quick and accurate tool useful for the digital recording of morphostatic foot study parameters and their control.

title: Reliability and Validity of the Footprint Assessment Method Using Photoshop XXXX Software.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a growing public health problem around the world, yet there is little information on the prevalence of @entity3 in low and middle income countries (LMICs). We utilised data collected by the 10/66 research group to investigate the lifetime prevalence of @entity3 in defined sites in low and middle income countries, its risk factors and its relationship with disability. METHODS: We analysed data from one-phase cross-sectional surveys of all residents aged 65 years and older (n = 16430) distributed across twelve sites in eight low and middle income countries (China, Cuba, Dominican Republic, India, Venezuela, Mexico, Peru, and Puerto Rico). Self-reported cases of @entity3 with @entity4 were identified during the interview. A sensitivity analysis including data provided by informants of @entity0 with @entity2 was also used to estimate the impact of this information on the estimates. Prevalence ratios (PR) from Poisson regressions were used to identify associated risk factors. RESULTS: The standardised lifetime prevalence of @entity1 ranged from 0.3% in China to 14.6% in rural Mexico and Venezuela. Being male (PR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.29-1.82), younger (PR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.99), with lower education (PR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.96), and having fewer assets (PR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88-0.96), was associated with a higher prevalence of @entity1 when pooling estimates across sites. DISCUSSION: Our analysis revealed that the prevalence of @entity1 in LMICs is similar to that of developed nations. Considering the growing impact of @entity1 on health resources in these countries, there is an urgent need for further research.

title: Lifetime Prevalence and Factors Associated with XXXX among Older @entity0 in Low and Middle Income Countries: A 10/66 Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a growing public health problem around the world, yet there is little information on the prevalence of @entity3 in low and middle income countries (LMICs). We utilised data collected by the 10/66 research group to investigate the lifetime prevalence of @entity3 in defined sites in low and middle income countries, its risk factors and its relationship with disability. METHODS: We analysed data from one-phase cross-sectional surveys of all residents aged 65 years and older (n = 16430) distributed across twelve sites in eight low and middle income countries (China, Cuba, Dominican Republic, India, Venezuela, Mexico, Peru, and Puerto Rico). Self-reported cases of @entity3 with @entity4 were identified during the interview. A sensitivity analysis including data provided by informants of @entity0 with @entity2 was also used to estimate the impact of this information on the estimates. Prevalence ratios (PR) from Poisson regressions were used to identify associated risk factors. RESULTS: The standardised lifetime prevalence of @entity1 ranged from 0.3% in China to 14.6% in rural Mexico and Venezuela. Being male (PR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.29-1.82), younger (PR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.99), with lower education (PR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.96), and having fewer assets (PR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88-0.96), was associated with a higher prevalence of @entity1 when pooling estimates across sites. DISCUSSION: Our analysis revealed that the prevalence of @entity1 in LMICs is similar to that of developed nations. Considering the growing impact of @entity1 on health resources in these countries, there is an urgent need for further research.

title: Lifetime Prevalence and Factors Associated with @entity3 among Older XXXX in Low and Middle Income Countries: A 10/66 Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 at the pancreaticojejunostomy remains a common and dreaded complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Our aim was to determine the incidence, presentation, methods of management, and preoperative and postoperative factors that influence the clinical outcome. We reviewed our collective experience with 375 consecutive @entity0 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy from 1980 to 1992 for a variety of pathologic indications. Clinical, biochemical, intraoperative, and postoperative factors were reviewed in an attempt to determine prognostic factors. Sixty-six @entity0 (18%) developed a @entity2 as determined by increased amylase in drainage fluid (44%), radiographic documentation (41%), operative re-exploration (9%), or percutaneous drainage of a peripancreatic, amylase-containing fluid collection (6%). Most leaks (73%) were clinically insignificant and were managed by simple maintenance of intraoperatively placed drains. Active intervention was required in 18 @entity0 (27%) and included percutaneous drainage in 8, completion pancreatectomy in 7, and reoperative drainage with or without anastomotic repair in 3. Although octreotide was used therapeutically in 13 @entity0 (20%), a significant, objective response was noted in only 1 @entity0 . Five (8%) of the 66 @entity0 died, all related directly to the @entity2 . The overall operative mortality was lower, 15 (4%) of 375 @entity0 . Of the clinical, biochemical, intraoperative, and postoperative factors reviewed to determine prognostic factors, only @entity1 predisposed the @entity0 to mortality as a result of the @entity2 . We conclude that most @entity3 at the pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy can be managed conservatively. Use of octreotide to aid in closure of the @entity2 was disappointing, whereas @entity0 with @entity1 or those requiring completion pancreatectomy to manage the @entity3 have increased mortality.

title: XXXX after pancreaticoduodenectomy: incidence, significance, and management.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term results of laparoscopic pyeloplasty in @entity0 with secondary @entity3 after failed primary interventions. METHODS: Between August 2000 and October 2012, transperitoneal dismembered laparoscopic pyeloplasty was carried out in 13 @entity0 with a surgical history of failed prior surgical interventions. Perioperative outcomes as well as long-term results were assessed. These outcomes were compared with those of the same procedure carried out for primary @entity3 by a single surgeon during the same study period. RESULTS: Laparoscopic transperitoneal pyeloplasty was completed successfully in all cases without converting to open surgery or requiring blood transfusion. The preoperative symptoms in 12 of 13 @entity0 all disappeared soon after the operation. Asymptomatic severe @entity2 found in a 2-year-old @entity0 reduced in size postoperatively. When comparing the primary with the secondary laparoscopic pyeloplasty carried out by the same surgeon, the mean operative time was longer (183 vs 241   min, P   =   0.002), estimated @entity1 was larger (33 vs 66   mL, P   =   0.03) and the complication rate was higher (8.8% vs 22.2%, P   =   0.01) in the secondary group. Success rates were 97.9% and 100% (P   =   0.41) at a mean follow up of 25.9 and 40.0   months (P   =   0.14) for the primary and secondary groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty is an excellent option for @entity0 who failed previous surgical management. This approach provides durable long-term outcomes comparable with those of primary treatment for @entity3 .

title: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty for secondary XXXX : Long-term results.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Our knowledge of @entity4 is less well-defined than our knowledge of @entity1 of other organs. In the colon, for example, morphological criteria to identify @entity3 in situ and some putative @entity6 are clear; phenotypic differences in the expression of enzymes and antigens are documented in experimental models and are starting to be defined in @entity0 . Experimental models of @entity2 and colon show evidence that "enzyme-altered foci" are preneoplastic. In these organs, the "normal" context is much clearer than in the prostate. In contrast, in the prostates of @entity0 in the same age range as those who develop @entity4 , morphological aberrations are almost always present, diverse, and poorly understood. Murphy and Gaeta said that, "in the study of @entity8 ..., almost every aspect remains controversial...[and].... many of the 'known facts' concerning @entity8 are poorly documented..." While being aware that the definitions of all benign and malignant lesions of the prostate are based on complex morphological criteria which must form the contemporary context for comparisons, our laboratory is searching for markers that will permit the identification of putative @entity6 in the prostate. In our opinion, these changes will not be found most efficiently, if they are present at all, in long established cell lines, advanced @entity3 , or serially transplantable xenografts of primary @entity4 . Our preliminary data suggest that several enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical approaches are worthy of study. Markers that show promise include acid phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, @entity5 aminopeptidase, and @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Putative preneoplastic foci in the XXXX prostate.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. Chronic exposure to insoluble particulates can lead to the development of @entity1 . These have been classified as broncho-alveolar or squamous/epidermoid according to their histopathological characteristics and have been reported in inhalation studies in @entity2 of materials ranging from diesel exhaust and @entity6 to @entity7 . 2. The sequence of changes within the @entity2 lung leading to @entity1 has been characterised. It is apparent that one prerequisite is that the lung load of the particulate matter must exceed the normal clearance capacity, either by overloading the normal alveolar macrophage mediated mechanism or by induction of @entity3 with materials such as @entity6 . This results in inflammatory responses, including, or resulting in, @entity5 and @entity4 . The persistence of these tissue responses over chronic time periods can lead to tumorigenesis. 3. Research into the mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of both the inflammatory response and subsequent tumorigenic response to lung particulate loading is in progress. Impairment of macrophage function and mobility by inert particles constitutes one route by which this can arise, as does @entity3 to this cell type by biologically reactive particles. At the molecular level, the role of inflammatory mediators, especially the cytokines, has received much attention. 4. Particulate induced @entity1 are perceived to be a phenomenon specific to the @entity2 and their relevance to @entity0 is questionable.

title: Current perspectives on particulate induced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 presenting to the Emergency Departments (EDs) of three tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. STUDY DESIGN: Multicentre matched case control study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: EDs of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Civil Hospital, Karachi and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from March 2011 to February 2012. METHODOLOGY: A total of 201 cases and 201 matched controls were taken from three hospitals situated in Karachi. All @entity0 of 16 years and above presenting to the EDs of the hospitals with @entity4 attempt were invited to participate in the study. Controls were @entity3 @entity0 with complaints other than @entity4 . A control was matched with case for hospital, gender and age. Two questionnaires were used to collect information on the risk factors of @entity4 . Conditional Logistic Regression (CLR) was used to assess the association of various risk factors with @entity4 . RESULTS: Risk factors of @entity4 in Karachi included current history of @entity1 (OR = 4.53, 95% CI = 1.59 - 12.92), not sharing problems with someone (OR = 4.67, 95% CI = 2.4 - 9.0), living in rented houses (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.37 - 4.84), Pathan ethnicity (OR = 5.05, 95% CI = 1.01-25.38) followed by others (OR = 3.88, 95% CI = 0.77 - 19.69) and Urdu speaking (OR = 2.71, 95% CI = 0.59 - 12.45). Absence of @entity2 in the past month had an inverse association with @entity4 (OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.07 - 0.37). CONCLUSION: Mental illnesses, low socio-economic status and loneliness were the risk factors of @entity4 @entity0 presenting to the three EDs of Karachi. @entity2 in the last month was protective against @entity4 in these @entity0 . Psychiatric evaluation of @entity4 @entity0 in the @entity3 is important for early diagnosis and management of @entity1 .

title: Risk factors for deliberate self-harm in XXXX presenting to the emergency departments of Karachi.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lung transplant recipients (LTR) at our institution receive prolonged and mostly lifelong azole antifungal (AF) prophylaxis. The impact of this prophylactic strategy on the epidemiology and outcome of invasive @entity4 (IFI) is unknown. This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study. We reviewed the medical records of all adult LTR from January 2002 to December 2011. Overall, 16.5% (15 of 91) of @entity0 who underwent lung transplantation during this time period developed IFI. Nineteen IFI episodes were identified (eight proven, 11 probable), 89% (17 of 19) of which developed during AF prophylaxis. LTR with @entity5 were more likely to develop IFI (HR: 4.29; 95% CI: 1.15-15.91; p  =  0.03). A higher hazard of mortality was observed among those who developed IFI, although this was not statistically significant (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.58-4.05]; p  =  0.27). @entity2 was the most common cause of IFI (45%), with @entity3 being the most common site of infection. None of our @entity0 developed disseminated @entity1 , @entity4 . IFI continue to occur in LTR, and the eradication of IFI appears to be challenging even with prolonged prophylaxis. Azole resistance is uncommon despite prolonged AF exposure.

title: Epidemiology of invasive XXXX in lung transplant recipients on long-term azole antifungal prophylaxis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Rejection remains a major barrier to successful bowel transplantation, and immunosuppressive protocols are far from standardized. In 88 nonrelated outbred @entity6 , we compared the effects of two immunosuppressive regimens--one with @entity4 , the other with @entity1 (CsA) and pig antithymocyte globulin (ATG)--on incidence and severity of rejection in the early, critical posttransplant period. Group A (n = 14) was nonimmunosuppressed (controls). Group B (n = 17) received @entity6 ATG (10 mg/kg/day x 10 days), CsA (3 mg/kg/day), @entity3 (2 mg/kg/day), and @entity2 (2.5 mg/kg/day); @entity3 and @entity2 were each reduced by 50% at 8 and 15 days posttransplant. Trough CsA whole-blood concentrations were > or = 400 ng/ml for the first 7 days, > or = 200 ng/ml thereafter. Group C (n = 13) received @entity4 (0.2 mg/kg/day) and @entity3 (2 mg/kg/day); @entity3 was reduced by 50% at 8 and 15 days. @entity4 whole-blood concentrations were > or = 20 ng/ml. All immunosuppression in groups B and C was given intravenously. We performed orthotopic small bowel transplants with @entity5 . Recipient bowel was resected distal to the second portion of the duodenum and proximal to the rectum at transplant; bowel continuity was restored by duodenojejunostomy; ileostomy was created distally to allow access for daily biopsies. We graded interstitial and vascular rejection separately, according to a scoring system (no, mild, moderate, and severe rejection). Rejection-free graft survivals at 7, 14, and 21 days posttransplant were 38%, 19%, and 0% in group A; 93%, 93%, and 62% in group B; and 100%, 91%, and 82% in group C (P < 0.001). Comparing rejection in the immunosuppressed groups, group C ( @entity4 ) had a stronger tendency toward rejection than group B (CsA-ATG); significant differences between groups B and C were, however, noted only on individual days posttransplant, not over time. The @entity0 rate due to irreversible rejection was not significantly different in groups B and C (P = 0.8), but was significantly better in both of these immunosuppressed groups than in group A (P < 0.001). @entity6 survival was significantly longer in group C than in B (P = 0.001) due to a lower infection rate in group C. Posttransplant serum @entity8 levels did not correlate with rejection grades. @entity7 was noted only in the skin in 29% of group A, 73% of group B, and 77% of group C @entity6 ; liver and native bowel were not involved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: A prospective study of XXXX versus CsA and @entity6 ATG in a porcine model of small bowel transplantation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Rejection remains a major barrier to successful bowel transplantation, and immunosuppressive protocols are far from standardized. In 88 nonrelated outbred @entity6 , we compared the effects of two immunosuppressive regimens--one with @entity4 , the other with @entity1 (CsA) and pig antithymocyte globulin (ATG)--on incidence and severity of rejection in the early, critical posttransplant period. Group A (n = 14) was nonimmunosuppressed (controls). Group B (n = 17) received @entity6 ATG (10 mg/kg/day x 10 days), CsA (3 mg/kg/day), @entity3 (2 mg/kg/day), and @entity2 (2.5 mg/kg/day); @entity3 and @entity2 were each reduced by 50% at 8 and 15 days posttransplant. Trough CsA whole-blood concentrations were > or = 400 ng/ml for the first 7 days, > or = 200 ng/ml thereafter. Group C (n = 13) received @entity4 (0.2 mg/kg/day) and @entity3 (2 mg/kg/day); @entity3 was reduced by 50% at 8 and 15 days. @entity4 whole-blood concentrations were > or = 20 ng/ml. All immunosuppression in groups B and C was given intravenously. We performed orthotopic small bowel transplants with @entity5 . Recipient bowel was resected distal to the second portion of the duodenum and proximal to the rectum at transplant; bowel continuity was restored by duodenojejunostomy; ileostomy was created distally to allow access for daily biopsies. We graded interstitial and vascular rejection separately, according to a scoring system (no, mild, moderate, and severe rejection). Rejection-free graft survivals at 7, 14, and 21 days posttransplant were 38%, 19%, and 0% in group A; 93%, 93%, and 62% in group B; and 100%, 91%, and 82% in group C (P < 0.001). Comparing rejection in the immunosuppressed groups, group C ( @entity4 ) had a stronger tendency toward rejection than group B (CsA-ATG); significant differences between groups B and C were, however, noted only on individual days posttransplant, not over time. The @entity0 rate due to irreversible rejection was not significantly different in groups B and C (P = 0.8), but was significantly better in both of these immunosuppressed groups than in group A (P < 0.001). @entity6 survival was significantly longer in group C than in B (P = 0.001) due to a lower infection rate in group C. Posttransplant serum @entity8 levels did not correlate with rejection grades. @entity7 was noted only in the skin in 29% of group A, 73% of group B, and 77% of group C @entity6 ; liver and native bowel were not involved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: A prospective study of @entity4 versus CsA and XXXX ATG in a porcine model of small bowel transplantation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of young age on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by comparing HRQoL of younger and older @entity0 @entity1 , corrected for confounding, and of young @entity1 and a general Dutch population. METHODS: The population consisted of @entity0 survivors (stage 0-III) after breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy. Health-related quality of life was prospectively assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 questionnaires. The association between age (   50; 51-70;    70 years) and HRQoL over time was analysed with mixed modelling. The clinical relevance of differences between/within age groups was estimated with Cohen's D and consensus-based guidelines. The HRQoL data from the young @entity1 cohort were compared with Dutch reference data at 3 years after radiotherapy. RESULTS: A total of 1420 @entity1 completed 3200 questionnaires. Median follow-up was 34 (range 6-70) months. Median age was 59 (range 28-85) years. Compared with older subjects, young @entity1 reported worse HRQoL in the first year after radiotherapy, but clinical relevance was limited. Three years after radiotherapy, HRQoL values in the younger group were equal to those in the reference population. @entity2 and fatigue after radiotherapy improved, with medium clinical relevance. CONCLUSIONS: Three years after radiotherapy for @entity0 , young age was not a risk factor for decreased HRQoL.

title: The impact of age on changes in quality of life among XXXX survivors treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Recently, more and more alternative therapeutic methods have been used for the treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We will report on therapeutic results with a new thermosensitive stent system (Memotherm). This wire mesh stent has been designed especially for urological purposes. It is made of @entity3 , a thermoreactive material, and gains its maximum expansion force al body temperature. Due to the properties of the material the stent is flexible and can adapt to the anatomical conditions of the prostatic part of the urethra. Because of individual variations in the length of the prostatic part of the urethra, the system is available in lengths from 2 to 8 cm. The knitted structure for the first time allows atraumatic removal. Between April, 1992, and September, 1993, we treated a total of 54 @entity1 @entity0 with the stent system. Mean @entity0 age was 76.1 +/- 7.6 years (61-98). Mean prostatic volume was 51.9 +/- 25 ml (20-150), and the length of the applicated stents was 32.3 +/- 9.5 mm (20-70). @entity0 selection for stent treatment was carried out with regard to the preoperative risk status of this @entity0 group. Fourteen (26%) of the @entity0 treated were able to micturate before operation; in 40 (74%) urinary drainage was accomplished by means of an indwelling catheter. Following stent application, 53 out of 54 @entity0 were able to micturate. With the first group (preoperative voiding ability), maximum flow had increased from 4.5 ml/s to a mean of 15.8 ml/s, while residual urine volume had decreased from 194.4 ml to 11.8 ml and the AUA 6 Symptoms Score had improved from 24 points to 3.5 points 6 months after stent application. All differences were statistically significant (P < 0.02). With the second group (no preoperative voiding ability), the AUA 6 Symptoms Score had improved from 25 points to 3.9 points (P < 0.02) 6 months after the operation, at which time the mean maximum flow rate was 14.8 ml/s and residual urine volume 14.8 ml. There was no statistically significant difference between the @entity0 who were able and those who were unable to micturate before operation. One case of @entity2 was the only major complication observed after stent placement. Frequent urgency symptoms (30 out of 54 @entity0 ; 55.5%) subsided after a mean period of 1 week. The Memotherm stent offers an interesting therapeutic alternative for @entity1 risk @entity0 .

title: Thermosensitive stent (Memotherm) for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 with symptoms of @entity1 form a heterogenous group. The best treatment of proven obstruction or retention in fit @entity0 remains transurethral prostatectomy (TURP). @entity0 presenting with symptoms of @entity1 may have @entity3 , @entity2 or @entity3 leading to low pressure/low flow voiding so it is perhaps not surprising that only 75% of @entity0 selected for TURP purely on the basis of symptoms have a good outcome. Pressure flow studies are the only precise method of diagnosing outflow obstruction. The problem of accurately diagnosing obstruction before treatment is started applies particularly to trials of new treatments such as lasers, high energy focused ultrasound and drugs. Laser treatment is producing short term results that are slightly inferior to TURP but may have less morbidity. The role of conservative treatment is important in selected @entity0 . @entity0 who have severe intercurrent illness may be treated by means of intra-prostatic stents. In order to accurately assess a new treatment it is necessary to determine the short-term mortality, the morbidity, complication rate and outcome as well as the cost-effectiveness, long-term outcome and @entity0 preference. These conditions have not yet been met for any of the new treatments for @entity1 .

title: Evaluation and results of treatments for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND:: @entity2 is an important complication after fusion of @entity1 . However, the role of body mass index (BMI) in @entity2 has been addressed less. OBJECTIVE:: To examine the relationship between BMI and @entity2 after lumbar fusion for @entity1 . METHODS:: For this retrospective study, we enrolled 190 @entity0 undergoing lumbar fusion surgery for degeneration. BMI at admission was documented. @entity2 was defined by integration of the clinical presentations and radiographic criteria based on the morphology of the dural sac on magnetic resonance images. RESULTS:: @entity2 was identified in 13 of the 190 @entity0 , accounting for 6.8%. The interval between surgery and diagnosis as @entity2 ranged from 21 to 66 months. Five of the 13 @entity0 required subsequent surgical intervention for clinically relevant @entity2 . In the logistic regression model, BMI was a risk factor for @entity2 after lumbar fusion for @entity1 (odds ratio, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-2.21; P < .001). Any increase of 1 mean value in BMI would increase the @entity2 rate by 67.6%. The @entity0 were subdivided into 2 groups based on BMI, and up to 11.9% of @entity0 with BMI >= 25 kg/m were diagnosed as having @entity2 at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION:: BMI is a risk factor for @entity2 in @entity0 undergoing lumbar fusion for @entity1 . Because BMI is clinically objective and modifiable, controlling body weight before or after surgery may provide opportunities to reduce the rate of @entity2 and to improve the outcome of fusion surgery. ABBREVIATIONS:: ASD, adjacent segment diseaseBMI, body mass indexPLF, posterolateral lumbar fusionPLIF, posterior lumbar interbody fusionTLIF, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.

title: Impact of Body Mass Index on Adjacent Segment Disease After Lumbar Fusion for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of the protocol was to evaluate the side-effects induced by repeated @entity1 -infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) infusions in @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). @entity0 were to receive four TIL infusions at given intervals: every 3 weeks (two @entity0 ), every 2 weeks (3 @entity0 ) and weekly (4 @entity0 ). All @entity0 were evaluated and received a total of 34 TIL infusions. The total number of TILs administered varied from 0.65 to 2.34 x 10(11) cells. TIL phenotypes were predominantly @entity10 + (two @entity0 ), @entity9 + (4 @entity0 ), @entity9 + then @entity10 + (two @entity0 ) or CD56+ (two @entity0 ). Autocytotoxicity was only observed for one culture. Six @entity0 presented at least one WHO grade 3 side-effect: @entity11 (5 @entity0 ), dyspnoea (two @entity0 ), @entity5 (one @entity0 ), @entity12 (one @entity0 ), chills (two @entity0 ), @entity6 (one @entity0 ), @entity13 (one @entity0 ), @entity4 (two @entity0 ). @entity11 was constantly seen in @entity0 who were given TILs every week. Two cases of minor @entity14 were recorded. No objective response to treatment was observed; 1 stable disease occurred in one @entity0 and progression in eight. However, five @entity0 presented a partial response on a @entity1 site for 1-4 months. Three @entity0 presented signs of @entity2 or softening at one @entity1 site. Plasma @entity1 @entity3 factor alpha ( @entity7 ) levels were increased 1.2- to 22-fold after TIL infusion. TILs could be produced in sufficient quantity to perform this study, so repetitive infusions of TIL became possible on a weekly basis. However, no objective response was observed even when TIL infusions were performed weekly. An increase in circulating @entity7 was noted after TIL infusion.

title: A phase I trial of repeated @entity1 -infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) infusion in XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The aim of the protocol was to evaluate the side-effects induced by repeated @entity1 -infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) infusions in @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). @entity0 were to receive four TIL infusions at given intervals: every 3 weeks (two @entity0 ), every 2 weeks (3 @entity0 ) and weekly (4 @entity0 ). All @entity0 were evaluated and received a total of 34 TIL infusions. The total number of TILs administered varied from 0.65 to 2.34 x 10(11) cells. TIL phenotypes were predominantly @entity10 + (two @entity0 ), @entity9 + (4 @entity0 ), @entity9 + then @entity10 + (two @entity0 ) or CD56+ (two @entity0 ). Autocytotoxicity was only observed for one culture. Six @entity0 presented at least one WHO grade 3 side-effect: @entity11 (5 @entity0 ), dyspnoea (two @entity0 ), @entity5 (one @entity0 ), @entity12 (one @entity0 ), chills (two @entity0 ), @entity6 (one @entity0 ), @entity13 (one @entity0 ), @entity4 (two @entity0 ). @entity11 was constantly seen in @entity0 who were given TILs every week. Two cases of minor @entity14 were recorded. No objective response to treatment was observed; 1 stable disease occurred in one @entity0 and progression in eight. However, five @entity0 presented a partial response on a @entity1 site for 1-4 months. Three @entity0 presented signs of @entity2 or softening at one @entity1 site. Plasma @entity1 @entity3 factor alpha ( @entity7 ) levels were increased 1.2- to 22-fold after TIL infusion. TILs could be produced in sufficient quantity to perform this study, so repetitive infusions of TIL became possible on a weekly basis. However, no objective response was observed even when TIL infusions were performed weekly. An increase in circulating @entity7 was noted after TIL infusion.

title: A phase I trial of repeated XXXX -infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) infusion in @entity8 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Screening for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an opportunity to investigate maturation by measuring alphafetoprotein (AFP). @entity0 AND METHODS: Blood AFP was measured in 73 full-term @entity0 (controls), 22 @entity0 with permanent @entity5 and 19 with a transient form (FT) of @entity3 . It was also measured in mothers of the two groups with @entity3 . AFP was measured by RIA and its value was compared to those of FT4, TSH and @entity1 . RESULTS: Blood AFP was higher in @entity0 with @entity5 with significant differences between @entity0 who had @entity2 or not, but AFP was not significantly different in FT @entity0 and controls. Initial values of AFP in both @entity5 and FT population was correlated to the levels of AFP in their mothers. Under treatment with 7.5 micrograms/kg/day of @entity4 , AFP levels remained increased at T15, then gradually normalized at T30-T60. The log of AFP was correlated to TSH levels between T15 and T60 but was not correlated to FT4 levels. Preliminary results at one year of age show that IQ seems better in @entity0 with early normalization of AFP. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged follow-up is necessary to assess the possibility that initial kinetics of AFP under therapy have a prognostic value for estimating the quality of outcome.

title: [Alpha fetoprotein in XXXX before and during treatment].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammatory markers are being explored to aid in @entity4 diagnosis especially, to differentiate between clinical varieties of @entity4 . This study aimed to compare plasma @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha ( @entity6 ) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) levels between @entity4 @entity0 and controls, as well as between @entity7 and @entity3 varieties of @entity4 . METHODS: @entity4 @entity0 who were admitted to Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore and Services Hospital Lahore, Pakistan within 24 hours after the onset of @entity4 symptoms were consecutively asked to participate in this study from June 2011 to December 2011.Venous blood samples were collected within 24 hours of @entity4 symptoms onset. Plasma @entity6 levels and @entity8 were calculated using commercial enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). Cytokines levels were dichotomized as detectable yes/no and were compared between different groups using chi square test. Continuous variables were compared using the student t-test. Logistic regression model was used to investigate the effect of various risk factors on @entity4 subtypes. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty one @entity4 @entity0 were included in the study, out of which 93 were @entity3 and 38 were @entity7 @entity0 . Forty-seven healthy asymptomatic individuals were included .as controls Plasma @entity6 levels (p < 0.001, r = 0.503, CI: 18.197-1672.950) were significantly elevated in @entity4 @entity0 as compared to controls, along with advancing age (p = 0.002, r = 0.310, CI: 1.025-1.110) and history of @entity5 (p = 0.002, r = 0.265, CI: 1.746-12.511). Males were found to be at a higher risk of developing @entity4 . Furthermore, history of @entity5 (p=0.019, r= -0.294, CI: 0.134-1.500) and detectable @entity6 - levels (p = 0.002, r = 0.319, CI: 2.106-23.725) were found to be significantly different between @entity3 and @entity7 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 level differed highly significantly between @entity4 and controls, and also between @entity3 and @entity7 subtypes.

title: XXXX : a risk factor for ischemic stroke.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity6 ) is an intermediate metabolite of the glycolytic pathway and an in vivo high-energy @entity4 compound. We have examined the protective effects of @entity6 on @entity0 -reperfusion @entity2 in isolated @entity1 lungs perfused with a physiological salt solution. The lungs were divided into three treatment groups: (1) @entity0 -reperfusion (IR), (2) @entity0 -reperfusion with @entity6 treatment ( @entity6 -IR), in which 1 mM @entity6 was pre-administered into the perfusate during the stable period, and (3) ventilation-perfusion continued without interruption (Cont). In the IR and @entity6 -IR groups, ventilation-perfusion was discontinued for about 60  min after a 30-min stable period and then restarted. The capillary filtration coefficients (K fc) and @entity3 concentration in the perfusate were determined immediately before @entity0 and 30 and 60  min after reperfusion. The left lungs were dried at the end of the experiment to calculate the tissue wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D). The K fc values after reperfusion were significantly higher in the IR group than in the other two groups. @entity3 concentrations were significantly higher at three time-points in the @entity6 -IR group than in the other two groups. The W/D was significantly higher in the IR group than in the other two groups. Based on these results, we conclude that the administration of @entity6 prior to @entity0 alleviates @entity0 -reperfusion injury.

title: @entity5 administration protects @entity0 -reperfusion injury in isolated XXXX lungs.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity6 ) is an intermediate metabolite of the glycolytic pathway and an in vivo high-energy @entity4 compound. We have examined the protective effects of @entity6 on @entity0 -reperfusion @entity2 in isolated @entity1 lungs perfused with a physiological salt solution. The lungs were divided into three treatment groups: (1) @entity0 -reperfusion (IR), (2) @entity0 -reperfusion with @entity6 treatment ( @entity6 -IR), in which 1 mM @entity6 was pre-administered into the perfusate during the stable period, and (3) ventilation-perfusion continued without interruption (Cont). In the IR and @entity6 -IR groups, ventilation-perfusion was discontinued for about 60  min after a 30-min stable period and then restarted. The capillary filtration coefficients (K fc) and @entity3 concentration in the perfusate were determined immediately before @entity0 and 30 and 60  min after reperfusion. The left lungs were dried at the end of the experiment to calculate the tissue wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D). The K fc values after reperfusion were significantly higher in the IR group than in the other two groups. @entity3 concentrations were significantly higher at three time-points in the @entity6 -IR group than in the other two groups. The W/D was significantly higher in the IR group than in the other two groups. Based on these results, we conclude that the administration of @entity6 prior to @entity0 alleviates @entity0 -reperfusion injury.

title: XXXX administration protects @entity0 -reperfusion injury in isolated @entity1 lungs.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity6 ) is an intermediate metabolite of the glycolytic pathway and an in vivo high-energy @entity4 compound. We have examined the protective effects of @entity6 on @entity0 -reperfusion @entity2 in isolated @entity1 lungs perfused with a physiological salt solution. The lungs were divided into three treatment groups: (1) @entity0 -reperfusion (IR), (2) @entity0 -reperfusion with @entity6 treatment ( @entity6 -IR), in which 1 mM @entity6 was pre-administered into the perfusate during the stable period, and (3) ventilation-perfusion continued without interruption (Cont). In the IR and @entity6 -IR groups, ventilation-perfusion was discontinued for about 60  min after a 30-min stable period and then restarted. The capillary filtration coefficients (K fc) and @entity3 concentration in the perfusate were determined immediately before @entity0 and 30 and 60  min after reperfusion. The left lungs were dried at the end of the experiment to calculate the tissue wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D). The K fc values after reperfusion were significantly higher in the IR group than in the other two groups. @entity3 concentrations were significantly higher at three time-points in the @entity6 -IR group than in the other two groups. The W/D was significantly higher in the IR group than in the other two groups. Based on these results, we conclude that the administration of @entity6 prior to @entity0 alleviates @entity0 -reperfusion injury.

title: @entity5 administration protects XXXX -reperfusion injury in isolated @entity1 lungs.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In vivo studies were conducted in @entity1 to determine the role of @entity5 and hypoinsulinemia in the previously reported @entity2 and increase in the serum concentrations of 70-kDa @entity4 -dextran (FD-70) in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) rats. The serum, urine, and hepatic concentrations of FD-70 were measured by size exclusion chromatography after i.v. administration of a single doses (5 mg/kg) of FD-70. Intravenous administration of a single 2 IU/kg dose of insulin to @entity0 @entity1 at time zero or 4 h after the administration of FD-70 resulted in an increase in some and no change in other animals in their rate of elimination of FD-70 from serum. The presence or absence of a significant insulin effect on the disposition of FD-70 in these animals was, respectively, associated with the presence or absence of a significant insulin-induced hypoglycemic effect. Fasting @entity0 @entity1 for 24 h caused normoglycemia, and subsequently, the disposition of FD-70 became similar to that in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 . Likewise, i.p. injections of @entity3 to @entity6 @entity1 rendered them hyperglycemic, and the disposition of FD-70 in these @entity1 became similar to that in untreated @entity0 animals. However, i.v. injection of @entity3 , which did not result in sustained @entity5 , did not change the disposition of FD-70 in @entity6 @entity1 . Further, the disposition of FD-70 remained unaffected by an i.v. 2 IU/kg dose of insulin administered to @entity6 @entity1 at time zero. Considering all animals, there was a significant negative relationship between the 12-h hepatic recovery of FD-70 and the area under the serum concentration-time curves of @entity3 . It is concluded that the @entity2 of FD-70 in @entity0 @entity1 is due to @entity5 and not

title: @entity0 -induction XXXX of 70-kDA dextran: role of @entity5 and hypoinsulinemia.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In vivo studies were conducted in @entity1 to determine the role of @entity5 and hypoinsulinemia in the previously reported @entity2 and increase in the serum concentrations of 70-kDa @entity4 -dextran (FD-70) in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) rats. The serum, urine, and hepatic concentrations of FD-70 were measured by size exclusion chromatography after i.v. administration of a single doses (5 mg/kg) of FD-70. Intravenous administration of a single 2 IU/kg dose of insulin to @entity0 @entity1 at time zero or 4 h after the administration of FD-70 resulted in an increase in some and no change in other animals in their rate of elimination of FD-70 from serum. The presence or absence of a significant insulin effect on the disposition of FD-70 in these animals was, respectively, associated with the presence or absence of a significant insulin-induced hypoglycemic effect. Fasting @entity0 @entity1 for 24 h caused normoglycemia, and subsequently, the disposition of FD-70 became similar to that in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 . Likewise, i.p. injections of @entity3 to @entity6 @entity1 rendered them hyperglycemic, and the disposition of FD-70 in these @entity1 became similar to that in untreated @entity0 animals. However, i.v. injection of @entity3 , which did not result in sustained @entity5 , did not change the disposition of FD-70 in @entity6 @entity1 . Further, the disposition of FD-70 remained unaffected by an i.v. 2 IU/kg dose of insulin administered to @entity6 @entity1 at time zero. Considering all animals, there was a significant negative relationship between the 12-h hepatic recovery of FD-70 and the area under the serum concentration-time curves of @entity3 . It is concluded that the @entity2 of FD-70 in @entity0 @entity1 is due to @entity5 and not

title: @entity0 -induction @entity2 of 70-kDA dextran: role of XXXX and hypoinsulinemia.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In vivo studies were conducted in @entity1 to determine the role of @entity5 and hypoinsulinemia in the previously reported @entity2 and increase in the serum concentrations of 70-kDa @entity4 -dextran (FD-70) in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) rats. The serum, urine, and hepatic concentrations of FD-70 were measured by size exclusion chromatography after i.v. administration of a single doses (5 mg/kg) of FD-70. Intravenous administration of a single 2 IU/kg dose of insulin to @entity0 @entity1 at time zero or 4 h after the administration of FD-70 resulted in an increase in some and no change in other animals in their rate of elimination of FD-70 from serum. The presence or absence of a significant insulin effect on the disposition of FD-70 in these animals was, respectively, associated with the presence or absence of a significant insulin-induced hypoglycemic effect. Fasting @entity0 @entity1 for 24 h caused normoglycemia, and subsequently, the disposition of FD-70 became similar to that in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 . Likewise, i.p. injections of @entity3 to @entity6 @entity1 rendered them hyperglycemic, and the disposition of FD-70 in these @entity1 became similar to that in untreated @entity0 animals. However, i.v. injection of @entity3 , which did not result in sustained @entity5 , did not change the disposition of FD-70 in @entity6 @entity1 . Further, the disposition of FD-70 remained unaffected by an i.v. 2 IU/kg dose of insulin administered to @entity6 @entity1 at time zero. Considering all animals, there was a significant negative relationship between the 12-h hepatic recovery of FD-70 and the area under the serum concentration-time curves of @entity3 . It is concluded that the @entity2 of FD-70 in @entity0 @entity1 is due to @entity5 and not

title: XXXX -induction @entity2 of 70-kDA dextran: role of @entity5 and hypoinsulinemia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Multistage palliation is the mainstay management strategy of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and related @entity1 . If this palliation strategy fails, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is required. The results of @entity2 in @entity0 who had a prior Norwood operation are reportedly poor due to several immune, clinical and anatomical risk factors. We report our institutional outcomes following @entity2 in @entity0 who had a prior Norwood operation. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2013, 107 @entity0 with @entity2 underwent @entity2 . We examined early and late outcomes in our study cohort of @entity0 who had a prior Norwood operation (n = 24), and analysed risk factors affecting survival. Survival was subsequently compared with a control group of 83 @entity0 with @entity2 without a prior Norwood operation who received @entity2 . RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity0 with a prior Norwood operation underwent @entity2 . The majority (22/24, 92%) had @entity3 . @entity0 were listed following Norwood (n = 2, 8.3%), Glenn (n = 17, 70.8%) or Fontan (n = 5, 20.8%) operation. Ten (42%) @entity0 had panel reactive antibodies (PRAs) >10%. Median age at listing was 2.7 (range 0.4-16.8) years and median age at the time of @entity2 was 3.0 (range 0.6-16.8) years, with the median waiting list duration of 63.5 (range 1-554) days. Hospital mortality was 1/24 (4%). Overall parametric survival estimates at 1, 5 and 10 years were 85, 65 and 52%. Survival was not affected by listing status, last palliation stage, age or high PRA. The only significant factor affecting survival was the later era in our series with significantly superior 5-year survival (100 vs 42%, P = 0.0003). Overall survival was comparable with the control group of @entity0 with @entity2 and no prior Norwood operation (52 vs 53% at 10 years, P = 0.97). Overall, 3 of 24 @entity0 required retransplantation with only one late survivor. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 failing multistage palliation of @entity3 may require @entity2 , often following the Glenn operation. @entity2 results in this group are comparable with those in other @entity0 with @entity2 . Improvements in pretransplant management, immune suppression and outpatient care in the later era might have specifically benefited this particularly risky group of @entity0 .

title: Results of XXXX following failed staged palliation of @entity3 and related @entity1

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Multistage palliation is the mainstay management strategy of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and related @entity1 . If this palliation strategy fails, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is required. The results of @entity2 in @entity0 who had a prior Norwood operation are reportedly poor due to several immune, clinical and anatomical risk factors. We report our institutional outcomes following @entity2 in @entity0 who had a prior Norwood operation. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2013, 107 @entity0 with @entity2 underwent @entity2 . We examined early and late outcomes in our study cohort of @entity0 who had a prior Norwood operation (n = 24), and analysed risk factors affecting survival. Survival was subsequently compared with a control group of 83 @entity0 with @entity2 without a prior Norwood operation who received @entity2 . RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity0 with a prior Norwood operation underwent @entity2 . The majority (22/24, 92%) had @entity3 . @entity0 were listed following Norwood (n = 2, 8.3%), Glenn (n = 17, 70.8%) or Fontan (n = 5, 20.8%) operation. Ten (42%) @entity0 had panel reactive antibodies (PRAs) >10%. Median age at listing was 2.7 (range 0.4-16.8) years and median age at the time of @entity2 was 3.0 (range 0.6-16.8) years, with the median waiting list duration of 63.5 (range 1-554) days. Hospital mortality was 1/24 (4%). Overall parametric survival estimates at 1, 5 and 10 years were 85, 65 and 52%. Survival was not affected by listing status, last palliation stage, age or high PRA. The only significant factor affecting survival was the later era in our series with significantly superior 5-year survival (100 vs 42%, P = 0.0003). Overall survival was comparable with the control group of @entity0 with @entity2 and no prior Norwood operation (52 vs 53% at 10 years, P = 0.97). Overall, 3 of 24 @entity0 required retransplantation with only one late survivor. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 failing multistage palliation of @entity3 may require @entity2 , often following the Glenn operation. @entity2 results in this group are comparable with those in other @entity0 with @entity2 . Improvements in pretransplant management, immune suppression and outpatient care in the later era might have specifically benefited this particularly risky group of @entity0 .

title: Results of @entity2 following failed staged palliation of XXXX and related @entity1

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Multistage palliation is the mainstay management strategy of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and related @entity1 . If this palliation strategy fails, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is required. The results of @entity2 in @entity0 who had a prior Norwood operation are reportedly poor due to several immune, clinical and anatomical risk factors. We report our institutional outcomes following @entity2 in @entity0 who had a prior Norwood operation. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2013, 107 @entity0 with @entity2 underwent @entity2 . We examined early and late outcomes in our study cohort of @entity0 who had a prior Norwood operation (n = 24), and analysed risk factors affecting survival. Survival was subsequently compared with a control group of 83 @entity0 with @entity2 without a prior Norwood operation who received @entity2 . RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity0 with a prior Norwood operation underwent @entity2 . The majority (22/24, 92%) had @entity3 . @entity0 were listed following Norwood (n = 2, 8.3%), Glenn (n = 17, 70.8%) or Fontan (n = 5, 20.8%) operation. Ten (42%) @entity0 had panel reactive antibodies (PRAs) >10%. Median age at listing was 2.7 (range 0.4-16.8) years and median age at the time of @entity2 was 3.0 (range 0.6-16.8) years, with the median waiting list duration of 63.5 (range 1-554) days. Hospital mortality was 1/24 (4%). Overall parametric survival estimates at 1, 5 and 10 years were 85, 65 and 52%. Survival was not affected by listing status, last palliation stage, age or high PRA. The only significant factor affecting survival was the later era in our series with significantly superior 5-year survival (100 vs 42%, P = 0.0003). Overall survival was comparable with the control group of @entity0 with @entity2 and no prior Norwood operation (52 vs 53% at 10 years, P = 0.97). Overall, 3 of 24 @entity0 required retransplantation with only one late survivor. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 failing multistage palliation of @entity3 may require @entity2 , often following the Glenn operation. @entity2 results in this group are comparable with those in other @entity0 with @entity2 . Improvements in pretransplant management, immune suppression and outpatient care in the later era might have specifically benefited this particularly risky group of @entity0 .

title: Results of @entity2 following failed staged palliation of @entity3 and related XXXX

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 birthweight is subject to stabilizing selection. Large babies are at risk of obstetric complications such as @entity2 , which endangers both mother and @entity0 . Small babies are also at risk with reduced survival. Fetal growth requires remodelling of maternal spiral arteries to provide an adequate maternal blood supply to the placenta. This arterial transformation is achieved by placental trophoblast cells, which invade into the uterine wall. Under-invasion is associated with @entity1 ; but if invasion is excessive large babies can result. A growing body of evidence suggests that this process is controlled by interactions between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) expressed on maternal uterine natural killer cells (uNK) and their corresponding human leukocyte antigen-C ( @entity5 ) ligands on invading trophoblast. Mothers with the @entity3 AA genotype and a fetus with a paternal HLA-C2 allele tend to have small babies, because this combination inhibits cytokine secretion by uNK. Mothers with the activating @entity4 gene and an HLA-C2 fetus are more likely to have large babies. When @entity4 binds to HLA-C2 this increases secretion of cytokines that enhance trophoblast invasion. We conclude that specific combinations of the highly polymorphic gene systems, @entity3 and @entity5 , contribute to successful reproduction by maintaining birthweight between two extremes.

title: The role of the maternal immune system in the regulation of XXXX birthweight.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In a phase I clinical trial the morphological impact and safety of high intensity focused ultrasound administered transrectally for tissue ablation in prostates from 22 @entity0 undergoing subsequent prostatectomy were evaluated. Location and size of the tissue lesions correlated well with the predefined target area and revealed sharply delineated @entity1 in all cases. Intervening tissues, such as the rectal wall and posterior prostate capsule, were invariably intact. In a subsequent phase II clinical trial the effectiveness of transrectal high intensity focused ultrasound as a novel minimally invasive treatment modality for 50 @entity0 with symptomatic @entity2 was determined. The maximum urinary flow rate (ml. per second) increased from 8.9 +/- 4.1 to 12.7 +/- 6.4 at 3 months in 44 @entity0 , 12.4 +/- 5.6 at 6 months in 33 and 13.1 +/- 6.5 at 12 months in 20. During the same period the post-void residual volume (ml) decreased from 131 +/- 120 to 48 +/- 41, 59 +/- 42 and 35 +/- 30, respectively, and the American Urological Association symptom score (points) decreased from 24.5 +/- 4.7 to 13.3 +/- 4.4, 13.4 +/- 4.7 and 10.8 +/- 2.5, respectively. These data demonstrate that transrectal high intensity focused ultrasound is capable of inducing @entity1 in the @entity0 prostate via a transrectal approach while preserving intervening and adjacent tissue. A 47% (+4.2 ml. per second) improvement in uroflowmetry and a 53% (-13.7 points) decrease in the American Urological Association symptom score 1 year after treatment clearly prove that transrectal high intensity focused ultrasound is a novel and safe minimally invasive treatment option for @entity2 .

title: Tissue ablation in XXXX with high intensity focused ultrasound.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 can be evaluated by catheter peak-to-peak gradient or by Doppler peak instantaneous pressure gradient. Previous studies have shown moderate correlation in @entity1 , but few have assessed correlation in @entity0 with more complex aortic reconstruction. METHODS: We carried out retrospective comparison of cardiac catheterisations and pre- and post-catheterisation echocardiograms in 60 @entity0 with native/recurrent @entity1 or aortic reconstruction. @entity4 was defined as peak-to-peak gradient    25 mmHg in @entity0 with native/recurrent @entity1 and    10 mmHg in aortic reconstruction. RESULTS: Diastolic continuation of flow was not associated with aortic @entity3 in either group. Doppler peak instantaneous pressure gradient, with and without the expanded Bernoulli equation, weakly correlated with peak-to-peak gradient even in @entity0 with a normal cardiac index (r=0.36, p=0.016, and r=0.49, p=0.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified an area under the curve of 0.61 for @entity0 with all types of obstruction, with a cut-off point of 45 mmHg correctly classifying 64% of @entity0 with @entity3 (sensitivity 39%, specificity 89%). In @entity0 with aortic arch reconstruction who had a cardiac index    3 L/min/m2, a cut-off point of 23 mmHg correctly classified 69% of @entity0 (71% sensitivity, 50% specificity) with an area under the curve of 0.82. CONCLUSION: The non-invasive assessment of @entity2 remains challenging. The greatest correlation of Doppler indices was noted in @entity0 with aortic reconstruction and a normal cardiac index.

title: Comparison of invasive and non-invasive pressure gradients in aortic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The class 1 outer membrane protein ( @entity5 ), a major variable surface antigen of @entity4 , is a component of novel meningococcal vaccines currently in field trials. Serological variants of the protein are also used to serosubtype meningococci. Most of the @entity3 changes that give rise to antigenic variants of the protein occur in two variable regions (VR1 and VR2) that are thought to form loops on the cell surface. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the nucleotide sequences encoding VR1 and VR2 from the chromosomal DNA of @entity4 M1080. These were cloned in frame into the lamB gene of the @entity2 expression vector pAJC264. Whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), using monoclonal antibodies, and @entity1 -PAGE confirmed that, upon induction, strains of @entity2 carrying these constructs expressed hybrid LamB proteins containing the @entity4 surface loops. These strains were used to immunize @entity0 and the resultant polyclonal antisera reacted specifically with the class 1 @entity5 of reference strain M1080 (P1.7). Immunogold labelling of meningococcal cells and whole-cell dot-blot analyses with these antisera showed that the variable epitopes were exposed on the cell surface and confirmed that this approach could be used to obtain serosubtype-specific antisera. The binding profiles of the antisera were determined from their reactions with overlapping synthetic peptides and their reactivity compared with that of relevant serosubtype-specific monoclonal antibodies. This approach was used successfully to raise antisera against two other class 1 @entity5 VR2s. A fourth antiserum raised against a VR2, including the P1.1 epitope, was not subtype specific.

title: Expression of meningococcal epitopes in LamB of XXXX and the stimulation of serosubtype-specific antibody responses.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intracardiac electrograms are an indispensable part during diagnosis of @entity2 , but atrial activity (AA) can be obscured by @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Concepts based on statistical independence like principal component analysis (PCA) cannot be applied for @entity0 removal during @entity1 with stable conduction. METHODS: A database of realistic electrograms containing AA and @entity0 was generated. Both PCA and the new technique periodic component analysis (  CA) were implemented, benchmarked, and applied to clinical data. RESULTS: The concept of   CA was successfully verified to retain compromised AA morphology, showing high correlation (cc=0.98  0.01) for stable atrial cycle length (ACL). Performance of PCA failed during temporal coupling (cc=0.03  0.08) but improved for increasing conduction variability (cc=0.77  0.14). Stability of ACL was identified as a critical parameter for   CA application. Analysis of clinical data confirmed these findings. CONCLUSION:   CA is introduced as a powerful new technique for artifact removal in periodic signals. Its concept and performance were benchmarked against PCA using simulated data and demonstrated on measured electrograms.

title: Removing ventricular far-field signals in intracardiac electrograms during stable XXXX using the periodic component analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibodies against transcriptional intermediary factor (TIF)-1y are associated with @entity1 in @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Identification of clinical findings associated with anti- @entity11 y antibodies in @entity8 is a high priority for both @entity0 diagnosis and risk assessment. OBJECTIVE: We sought to define the clinical phenotype of patients with anti-TIF-1y @entity8 . METHODS: Using a novel, sensitive, and specific assay for anti-TIF-1y antibodies, we retrospectively tested plasma from 134 adult @entity0 with @entity8 and examined associations between anti- @entity11 y antibodies and particular clinical and laboratory features. RESULTS: In all, 55 (41%) @entity0 had autoantibodies to TIF-1y. Anti-TIF-1y positive @entity0 were less likely to have systemic features including @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity4 / @entity7 . @entity0 with TIF-1y autoantibodies had more extensive skin involvement, and some @entity0 manifested characteristic findings including palmar @entity9 papules, @entity5 -like lesions and a novel finding of hypopigmented and @entity10 ("red on white") patches. LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective study from a single tertiary referral center. CONCLUSION: TIF-1y is the most commonly targeted @entity8 -specific autoantigen in adults in a large US cohort. Although these @entity0 tend to have less systemic involvement, their @entity2 is often extensive and characteristic. Recognition of cutaneous findings in anti- @entity11 y positive @entity0 may allow more accurate and timely diagnosis and effective treatment of @entity0 with @entity8 .

title: Distinctive cutaneous and systemic features associated with antitranscriptional intermediary factor-1y antibodies in adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bisphenol A (BPA), a toxic chemical from plastics, is known to produce @entity2 which may imply the alteration in synaptic activity at Ia-a motoneuron synapse also. However the effect of BPA on this synapse is not known. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine the effect of BPA on reflexes originating at Ia-a motoneuron synapse in the spinal cord. The experiments were performed on isolated hemisected spinal cords from 4 to 6d @entity0 . Stimulation of a dorsal root evoked segmental monosynaptic ( @entity3 ) and polysynaptic (PSR) reflex potentials in the corresponding ventral root. Nitrite content (indicator of NO activity) of cords was estimated in the presence of BPA with/without antagonists. Superfusion of BPA (3-100 M) depressed the reflexes in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The @entity1 was    20,    50 and    70% at 10, 30 and 100 M of BPA, respectively. The 50% @entity1 occurred around 15min at 30 M of BPA. Pretreatment with estrogen receptor (ERa) antagonist, tamoxifen, blocked the BPA-induced @entity1 of reflexes, whereas, 17b-estradiol, ER agonist, did not depress the reflexes even up to 10 M. Further, pretreatment with N  -Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME) or hemoglobin (Hb) blocked the BPA-induced @entity1 of spinal reflexes. Nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium-nitroprusside depressed the @entity3 and PSR in a concentration-dependent manner. The nitrite concentration of the cords exposed to BPA was 733 M/gm of tissue (three times the saline group). Pretreatment with tamoxifen/l-NAME/Hb blocked the BPA-induced increase of nitrite levels. The present observations indicate that BPA depressed spinal synaptic transmission through ERa-dependent NO-mediated mechanisms. The altered synaptic activity may implicate for @entity2 after exposure to BPA.

title: Bisphenol A depresses monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes in neonatal XXXX spinal cord in vitro involving estrogen receptor-dependent NO-mediated mechanisms.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between surgical management of pulmonary blood flow (PBF) at initial and staged procedures with survival to Fontan/Kreutzer operation (Fontan) in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 aged <3  months with @entity2 (n  =  303) were enrolled from 34 institutions (1999-2013). Among those who underwent surgical intervention (n  =  302), initial procedures were: @entity1 ( @entity1 ; n  =  189; 62%); pulmonary artery banding (PAB; n  =  50; 17%); and @entity4 ( @entity4 ; n  =  63; 21%). Multiphase parametric-hazard models were used to analyze competing outcomes. RESULTS: Risk-adjusted 6-year survival was lower after @entity1 (85%; P  =  .04) versus PAB (93%) or @entity4 (93%). Survival after @entity1 when the main pulmonary artery (MPA) was closed (n  =  21) or banded (n  =  4) was 60%, versus 93% without MPA intervention (P  =  .02). After @entity1 , survival before @entity4 was lower with an open ductus arteriosus (n  =  7; 76% vs 97%; P  =  .02). Similarly, after @entity1 , risk-adjusted survival was similar to that for @entity0 who had an initial PAB or @entity4 when MPA intervention was avoided and the ductus arteriosus either closed spontaneously before @entity1 , or was closed during @entity1 . For all @entity0 reaching @entity4 (n  =  277), survival to Fontan was not significantly influenced by whether PBF persisted through the MPA. CONCLUSIONS: Tricuspid @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 represent a high-risk subgroup. Avoiding an open ductus arteriosus and concomitant MPA intervention during @entity1 may help mitigate the risk associated with @entity1 . The presence of antegrade PBF through the MPA, at initial and staged operations, did not significantly influence survival to Fontan operation.

title: Surgical management of competing pulmonary blood flow affects survival before Fontan/Kreutzer completion in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between surgical management of pulmonary blood flow (PBF) at initial and staged procedures with survival to Fontan/Kreutzer operation (Fontan) in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 aged <3  months with @entity2 (n  =  303) were enrolled from 34 institutions (1999-2013). Among those who underwent surgical intervention (n  =  302), initial procedures were: @entity1 ( @entity1 ; n  =  189; 62%); pulmonary artery banding (PAB; n  =  50; 17%); and @entity4 ( @entity4 ; n  =  63; 21%). Multiphase parametric-hazard models were used to analyze competing outcomes. RESULTS: Risk-adjusted 6-year survival was lower after @entity1 (85%; P  =  .04) versus PAB (93%) or @entity4 (93%). Survival after @entity1 when the main pulmonary artery (MPA) was closed (n  =  21) or banded (n  =  4) was 60%, versus 93% without MPA intervention (P  =  .02). After @entity1 , survival before @entity4 was lower with an open ductus arteriosus (n  =  7; 76% vs 97%; P  =  .02). Similarly, after @entity1 , risk-adjusted survival was similar to that for @entity0 who had an initial PAB or @entity4 when MPA intervention was avoided and the ductus arteriosus either closed spontaneously before @entity1 , or was closed during @entity1 . For all @entity0 reaching @entity4 (n  =  277), survival to Fontan was not significantly influenced by whether PBF persisted through the MPA. CONCLUSIONS: Tricuspid @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 represent a high-risk subgroup. Avoiding an open ductus arteriosus and concomitant MPA intervention during @entity1 may help mitigate the risk associated with @entity1 . The presence of antegrade PBF through the MPA, at initial and staged operations, did not significantly influence survival to Fontan operation.

title: Surgical management of competing pulmonary blood flow affects survival before Fontan/Kreutzer completion in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Small @entity2 (<10  mm) are often removed via endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, the use of ESD for @entity2 of an intermediate size (7-16  mm) is less well documented. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESD compared with endoscopic mucosal resection using a cap (EMR-C) for the treatment of 7-16-mm rectal carcinoids. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From September 2007 to August 2012, 55 @entity0 with large @entity2 were treated by EMR-C (30 cases) or ESD (25 cases). The en bloc resection rate, pathological complete response (pCR) rate, procedure time, and incidence rates of complications, local recurrence, and distant @entity1 were evaluated. RESULTS: The basic and clinical characteristics of the @entity0 in the two groups did not differ significantly (p   >   0.05). The mean procedure time was longer for ESD than EMR-C (24.79        4.89 vs. 9.52        2.14  min, p   <   0.001). The rates of en bloc resection and pCR were higher with ESD than with EMR-C (100 vs. 83.33  %, and 100 vs. 70.00  %, respectively). No @entity0 in the EMR-C group experienced complications. However, in the ESD group, two cases of perforation occurred, and one @entity0 experienced delayed @entity3 . These complications were successfully managed via endoscopical therapy. Five cases of local recurrence were detected after EMR-C, whereas no @entity0 experienced recurrence after ESD. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with EMR-C, ESD appears to be a more favorable therapeutic option for the treatment of @entity2 less than 16  mm in diameter based on improved rates of pCR and local recurrence.

title: Endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of XXXX 7-16  mm in diameter.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Previous research suggests that in addition to being a characteristic of @entity1 , @entity2 also predates the onset of the syndrome. The research reported here was intended to examine further the neuromotor development of @entity0 with preschizophrenia traits. This study is part of a larger "archival-observational" project that uses childhood home movies to explore the developmental precursors of @entity1 . Group comparisons revealed a higher rate of @entity4 in the preschizophrenia @entity0 when compared to their healthy siblings, preaffective disorder subjects, the healthy siblings of @entity0 with @entity6 , and subjects from families with no @entity5 . The preschizophrenia subjects also showed poorer motor skills when compared to their healthy siblings and preaffective disorder subjects. When diagnostic group comparisons were made within age spans, the group differences were significant only in the first 2 years of life. Post hoc analyses also revealed that the preschizophrenia subjects' @entity4 occurred primarily on the left side of the body. The abnormalities included @entity3 and posturing of the upper limbs, similar to the motor signs described in earlier reports on diagnosed @entity1 @entity0 . The findings are discussed in light of their implications for the developmental origins of @entity1 . Limitations of the study, including problems with sample representativeness and the reliance on observational data, are also discussed.

title: Neuromotor precursors of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Burn intensive care unit @entity0 are specifically exposed to @entity2 caused by @entity3 . Superficial carriage of @entity3 is a potential source of @entity1 and dissemination, and typing methods could be useful to trace the different isolates. Multilocus sequence typing is a powerful genotyping method for pathogenic microorganisms, including @entity3 . Thirty clinical isolates of @entity3 obtained from 22 @entity0 that admitted to the Burn Intensive Care Unit (BICU) from a burn hospital at Sari, Mazandaran state, Iran were epidemiologically studied by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Seventy five variable nucleotide sites were found. Sixty two alleles were identified among the seven loci of the @entity3 isolates and one new allele was obtained. Eighteen Diploid Sequence Types (DSTs) were identified and among those 10 were new. These isolates belonged to nine clonal clusters (CCs) while two isolates occurred as singletons. Eleven (36.7%) isolates belonged to CC 124 after eBURST analysis and 13 isolates (43.3%) were assigned to clade 4. Approximately 17% of the 30 isolates belonged to clade 1 (CC 69 and CC766). Isolates from several @entity0 with burns were found to be genetically related. Some @entity0 yielded multiple isolates with identical DSTs suggest colonization or @entity1 caused by cross contamination between @entity0 . Therefore, isolates that show identical or similar allelic pro   les are presumed to be identical or closely related and may use to evaluate the genetic relationships between isolates from a speci   c environment such as BICU.

title: Multilocus sequence typing of XXXX isolates from Burn Intensive Care Unit (BICU) in Iran.

answer: @entity3