abstract: PURPOSE: Developing new anticancer therapeutic regimens requires the measurement of @entity1 cell growth in response to treatment. This is often accomplished by injecting immunocompromised @entity2 with cells from @entity1 tissue or cell lines. After treating the animals, @entity1 weight or volume is measured. Such methods are complicated by inaccuracies in measuring @entity1 mass and often animals must be killed to measure @entity1 burden. An in vivo @entity1 model system is presented in which the @entity1 cell line was stably transfected with a constitutively expressed marker gene: secreted @entity0 placental alkaline phosphatase protein (SEAP). The SEAP gene codes for a heat-stable protein that is produced at levels proportional to the amount of @entity1 cells in the animal. The SEAP protein is detectable in small blood samples so that animals can be repeatedly sampled over the trial period to monitor the course of @entity1 progression. METHODS: @entity8 @entity3 cells were stably transfected with pCMV-SEAP. The @entity8 -SEAP cells were maintained in vitro to monitor the relationship between cell number and SEAP production. Experiments were performed in vivo to determine whether SEAP levels in blood corresponded to @entity1 burden. @entity8 -SEAP cells were injected s.c. or intraperitoneally into @entity2 and @entity1 volume was measured as well as plasma SEAP levels as the @entity1 developed. RESULTS: S.c. @entity1 volume correlated well with plasma SEAP levels ( R(2)=0.95). @entity8 -SEAP cells were also injected intraperitoneally into @entity2 and grown as @entity1 . After 3 weeks the animals were killed and the @entity1 were dissected and weighed. SEAP levels in plasma samples from the time of @entity4 correlated with @entity1 weight ( R(2)=0.87). Experiments were performed to determine whether measuring SEAP levels could be used to monitor @entity3 cell response to @entity6 -containing chemotherapeutic drugs. @entity8 -SEAP cells cultured in vitro were treated with the @entity6 -containing drug @entity7 . @entity7 treatment decreased both cell proliferation and SEAP levels in culture medium. The constitutive rate of SEAP secretion per cell (nanograms SEAP per microgram DNA) was found not to be altered by @entity7 treatment. Therefore changes in SEAP level reflect changes in @entity8 @entity1 cell number, and not changes in regulation of SEAP secretion due to @entity6 containing chemotherapeutic drug treatment. @entity8 cells were injected intraperitoneally into @entity2 and the @entity2 were treated with the @entity6 -containing drugs @entity5 or @entity7 . Measurements of plasma SEAP over the treatment period showed @entity8 -SEAP @entity3 growth to be inhibited by @entity5 and @entity7 treatment. CONCLUSION: The SEAP marker protein is constitutively expressed by @entity1 cells and blood levels are correlated with @entity1 cell number and burden. The results of these studies indicate that SEAP may be used as an in vivo reporter gene in a @entity2 model to monitor @entity1 growth and response to therapeutics. Future studies will utilize this model to investigate novel chemotherapeutic approaches to treating @entity3 .

title: An in vivo XXXX reporter gene ( @entity0 secreted alkaline phosphatase) model to monitor @entity3 growth and response to therapeutics.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Developing new anticancer therapeutic regimens requires the measurement of @entity1 cell growth in response to treatment. This is often accomplished by injecting immunocompromised @entity2 with cells from @entity1 tissue or cell lines. After treating the animals, @entity1 weight or volume is measured. Such methods are complicated by inaccuracies in measuring @entity1 mass and often animals must be killed to measure @entity1 burden. An in vivo @entity1 model system is presented in which the @entity1 cell line was stably transfected with a constitutively expressed marker gene: secreted @entity0 placental alkaline phosphatase protein (SEAP). The SEAP gene codes for a heat-stable protein that is produced at levels proportional to the amount of @entity1 cells in the animal. The SEAP protein is detectable in small blood samples so that animals can be repeatedly sampled over the trial period to monitor the course of @entity1 progression. METHODS: @entity8 @entity3 cells were stably transfected with pCMV-SEAP. The @entity8 -SEAP cells were maintained in vitro to monitor the relationship between cell number and SEAP production. Experiments were performed in vivo to determine whether SEAP levels in blood corresponded to @entity1 burden. @entity8 -SEAP cells were injected s.c. or intraperitoneally into @entity2 and @entity1 volume was measured as well as plasma SEAP levels as the @entity1 developed. RESULTS: S.c. @entity1 volume correlated well with plasma SEAP levels ( R(2)=0.95). @entity8 -SEAP cells were also injected intraperitoneally into @entity2 and grown as @entity1 . After 3 weeks the animals were killed and the @entity1 were dissected and weighed. SEAP levels in plasma samples from the time of @entity4 correlated with @entity1 weight ( R(2)=0.87). Experiments were performed to determine whether measuring SEAP levels could be used to monitor @entity3 cell response to @entity6 -containing chemotherapeutic drugs. @entity8 -SEAP cells cultured in vitro were treated with the @entity6 -containing drug @entity7 . @entity7 treatment decreased both cell proliferation and SEAP levels in culture medium. The constitutive rate of SEAP secretion per cell (nanograms SEAP per microgram DNA) was found not to be altered by @entity7 treatment. Therefore changes in SEAP level reflect changes in @entity8 @entity1 cell number, and not changes in regulation of SEAP secretion due to @entity6 containing chemotherapeutic drug treatment. @entity8 cells were injected intraperitoneally into @entity2 and the @entity2 were treated with the @entity6 -containing drugs @entity5 or @entity7 . Measurements of plasma SEAP over the treatment period showed @entity8 -SEAP @entity3 growth to be inhibited by @entity5 and @entity7 treatment. CONCLUSION: The SEAP marker protein is constitutively expressed by @entity1 cells and blood levels are correlated with @entity1 cell number and burden. The results of these studies indicate that SEAP may be used as an in vivo reporter gene in a @entity2 model to monitor @entity1 growth and response to therapeutics. Future studies will utilize this model to investigate novel chemotherapeutic approaches to treating @entity3 .

title: An in vivo @entity2 reporter gene ( @entity0 secreted alkaline phosphatase) model to monitor XXXX growth and response to therapeutics.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Developing new anticancer therapeutic regimens requires the measurement of @entity1 cell growth in response to treatment. This is often accomplished by injecting immunocompromised @entity2 with cells from @entity1 tissue or cell lines. After treating the animals, @entity1 weight or volume is measured. Such methods are complicated by inaccuracies in measuring @entity1 mass and often animals must be killed to measure @entity1 burden. An in vivo @entity1 model system is presented in which the @entity1 cell line was stably transfected with a constitutively expressed marker gene: secreted @entity0 placental alkaline phosphatase protein (SEAP). The SEAP gene codes for a heat-stable protein that is produced at levels proportional to the amount of @entity1 cells in the animal. The SEAP protein is detectable in small blood samples so that animals can be repeatedly sampled over the trial period to monitor the course of @entity1 progression. METHODS: @entity8 @entity3 cells were stably transfected with pCMV-SEAP. The @entity8 -SEAP cells were maintained in vitro to monitor the relationship between cell number and SEAP production. Experiments were performed in vivo to determine whether SEAP levels in blood corresponded to @entity1 burden. @entity8 -SEAP cells were injected s.c. or intraperitoneally into @entity2 and @entity1 volume was measured as well as plasma SEAP levels as the @entity1 developed. RESULTS: S.c. @entity1 volume correlated well with plasma SEAP levels ( R(2)=0.95). @entity8 -SEAP cells were also injected intraperitoneally into @entity2 and grown as @entity1 . After 3 weeks the animals were killed and the @entity1 were dissected and weighed. SEAP levels in plasma samples from the time of @entity4 correlated with @entity1 weight ( R(2)=0.87). Experiments were performed to determine whether measuring SEAP levels could be used to monitor @entity3 cell response to @entity6 -containing chemotherapeutic drugs. @entity8 -SEAP cells cultured in vitro were treated with the @entity6 -containing drug @entity7 . @entity7 treatment decreased both cell proliferation and SEAP levels in culture medium. The constitutive rate of SEAP secretion per cell (nanograms SEAP per microgram DNA) was found not to be altered by @entity7 treatment. Therefore changes in SEAP level reflect changes in @entity8 @entity1 cell number, and not changes in regulation of SEAP secretion due to @entity6 containing chemotherapeutic drug treatment. @entity8 cells were injected intraperitoneally into @entity2 and the @entity2 were treated with the @entity6 -containing drugs @entity5 or @entity7 . Measurements of plasma SEAP over the treatment period showed @entity8 -SEAP @entity3 growth to be inhibited by @entity5 and @entity7 treatment. CONCLUSION: The SEAP marker protein is constitutively expressed by @entity1 cells and blood levels are correlated with @entity1 cell number and burden. The results of these studies indicate that SEAP may be used as an in vivo reporter gene in a @entity2 model to monitor @entity1 growth and response to therapeutics. Future studies will utilize this model to investigate novel chemotherapeutic approaches to treating @entity3 .

title: An in vivo @entity2 reporter gene ( XXXX secreted alkaline phosphatase) model to monitor @entity3 growth and response to therapeutics.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We have experienced transaortic stent-grafting for treating distal arch @entity2 or type B dissection. This paper is to mainly report the surgical aspect of these procedures. METHODS: Fifteen @entity0 underwent this surgery, including 12 @entity0 and three @entity0 ranging from 47 to 83 years. Twelve had @entity2 and three @entity6 . Concomitant surgery was necessary in seven @entity0 (coronary artery bypass grafting in five, tricuspid annuloplasty in one, and replacement of ascending aorta and/or total arch replacement in three cases). A stent graft (Gianturco Z-stent and Intervascular prosthesis) was loaded in a 30-F sheath catheter. Under @entity5 , selective cerebral perfusion was established, and the sheath catheter was inserted through aortotomy into descending aorta and the stent graft was deployed at an appropriate level. The proximal end of graft was sutured to the aorta just distal to the left subclavian artery with inclusion method at the posterior wall. Concomitant surgery was done during cooling or rewarming period. TEE was utilized to visualize every endovascular manipulation to avoid unintended intimal injury or misplacement of graft and to assess the surgical results in the operative theater. RESULTS: @entity2 was successfully excluded except in one @entity0 who had a proximal @entity4 and @entity4 due to underestimation of aortic diameter. There was one operative mortality caused by @entity1 , possibly due to debris from femoral arterial cannulation. In the remaining @entity0 , there was no enlargement of residual @entity2 . The excluded aneurysmal sac gradually regressed and disappeared within 2 years in five @entity0 and the thrombosed false lumen completely shrunk within 1 year in two @entity0 . One @entity0 had @entity3 , possibly because the graft was intentionally advanced deeply to cover the thick and fragile @entity7 layer in order to avoid destruction of the @entity7 by an expanded graft. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular stent graft via the aortic arch is an acceptable treatment for distal arch @entity2 close to or involving left subclavian artery or type B dissections, especially for those cases requiring other cardiac procedures. It can lead to regression and disappearance of @entity2 or dissection in the mid-term follow-up.

title: Endovascular stent-grafting via the aortic arch for distal aortic arch XXXX : an alternative to endovascular stent-grafting.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5 ( @entity8 ) and @entity6 ( @entity7 ) enzymes catalyze the initial step in the formation of @entity3 , which have a role in the regulation of circulation and in inflammatory reactions. As @entity0 is reported to stimulate the expression of @entity7 , we have investigated the effects of bypass circulation and @entity1 on the expression @entity8 and @entity7 in the myocardium of porcine hearts. METHODS: Anaesthetized @entity2 were connected to cardiopulmonary bypass and the hearts were arrested by @entity4 for 30 min and reperfused thereafter for 90 min. Then the mRNA and protein levels of @entity8 and @entity7 were measured from the transmural specimens of the left ventricular myocardium by Northern and Western blot analyses. Reference specimens were from the hearts of unoperated control @entity2 and from sham-operated @entity2 , which were connected to cardiopulmonary bypass for 120 min without any aortic clamping. RESULTS: @entity8 mRNA was expressed in unoperated control porcine hearts, whereas the expression of @entity7 mRNA was weak in control hearts. The expression of @entity7 mRNA increased to 170% of the control level in the hearts of sham-operated @entity2 and to 180% in arrested hearts, while the level of @entity8 mRNA was not changed. Both @entity8 and @entity7 proteins were detected by Western blot analysis in the myocardial specimens of control hearts. After @entity1 , the level of @entity7 protein increased to 280% of the control level in arrested hearts, whereas the level of @entity8 protein remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the expression of the @entity7 gene is stimulated in the ventricular myocardium of the porcine heart after bypass circulation and @entity1 .

title: Stimulated expression of @entity6 in porcine heart after bypass circulation and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5 ( @entity8 ) and @entity6 ( @entity7 ) enzymes catalyze the initial step in the formation of @entity3 , which have a role in the regulation of circulation and in inflammatory reactions. As @entity0 is reported to stimulate the expression of @entity7 , we have investigated the effects of bypass circulation and @entity1 on the expression @entity8 and @entity7 in the myocardium of porcine hearts. METHODS: Anaesthetized @entity2 were connected to cardiopulmonary bypass and the hearts were arrested by @entity4 for 30 min and reperfused thereafter for 90 min. Then the mRNA and protein levels of @entity8 and @entity7 were measured from the transmural specimens of the left ventricular myocardium by Northern and Western blot analyses. Reference specimens were from the hearts of unoperated control @entity2 and from sham-operated @entity2 , which were connected to cardiopulmonary bypass for 120 min without any aortic clamping. RESULTS: @entity8 mRNA was expressed in unoperated control porcine hearts, whereas the expression of @entity7 mRNA was weak in control hearts. The expression of @entity7 mRNA increased to 170% of the control level in the hearts of sham-operated @entity2 and to 180% in arrested hearts, while the level of @entity8 mRNA was not changed. Both @entity8 and @entity7 proteins were detected by Western blot analysis in the myocardial specimens of control hearts. After @entity1 , the level of @entity7 protein increased to 280% of the control level in arrested hearts, whereas the level of @entity8 protein remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the expression of the @entity7 gene is stimulated in the ventricular myocardium of the porcine heart after bypass circulation and @entity1 .

title: Stimulated expression of XXXX in porcine heart after bypass circulation and @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: In @entity6 -induced @entity9 , actin cytoskeletal alterations result in shedding of proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTEC) and @entity14 . This study examined the hypothesis that inflammatory cytokines, released early in @entity6 , cause PTEC cytoskeletal damage and alter integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesion. The question of whether the intermediate @entity10 (NO) modulates these cytokine effects was also examined. After exposure of @entity0 PTEC to @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha, @entity11 , and @entity7 , the actin cytoskeleton was disrupted and cells became elongated, with extension of long filopodial processes. Cytokines induced shedding of viable, apoptotic, and necrotic PTEC, which was dependent on NO synthesized by @entity12 ( @entity12 ) produced as a result of cytokine actions on PTEC. Basolateral exposure of polarized PTEC monolayers to cytokines induced maximal NO-dependent cell shedding, mediated in part through NO effects on @entity15 . Cell shedding was accompanied by dispersal of basolateral @entity16 integrins and @entity13 , with corresponding upregulation of integrin expression in clusters of cells elevated above the epithelial monolayer. These cells demonstrated coexpression of @entity12 and apically redistributed @entity16 integrins. Attachment studies demonstrated that the major ligand involved in cell anchorage was laminin, probably through interactions with the integrin alpha(3) @entity16 . This interaction was downregulated by cytokines but was not dependent on NO. These studies provide a mechanism by which inflammatory cytokines induce @entity4 in @entity6 , in the absence of @entity8 and @entity3 . Future therapeutic strategies aimed at specific @entity12 inhibition might inhibit PTEC shedding after cytokine-induced @entity5 of @entity9 in @entity6 .

title: Coexpressed @entity10 synthase and apical XXXX integrins influence tubule cell adhesion after cytokine-induced injury.

answer: @entity16


abstract: In @entity6 -induced @entity9 , actin cytoskeletal alterations result in shedding of proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTEC) and @entity14 . This study examined the hypothesis that inflammatory cytokines, released early in @entity6 , cause PTEC cytoskeletal damage and alter integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesion. The question of whether the intermediate @entity10 (NO) modulates these cytokine effects was also examined. After exposure of @entity0 PTEC to @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha, @entity11 , and @entity7 , the actin cytoskeleton was disrupted and cells became elongated, with extension of long filopodial processes. Cytokines induced shedding of viable, apoptotic, and necrotic PTEC, which was dependent on NO synthesized by @entity12 ( @entity12 ) produced as a result of cytokine actions on PTEC. Basolateral exposure of polarized PTEC monolayers to cytokines induced maximal NO-dependent cell shedding, mediated in part through NO effects on @entity15 . Cell shedding was accompanied by dispersal of basolateral @entity16 integrins and @entity13 , with corresponding upregulation of integrin expression in clusters of cells elevated above the epithelial monolayer. These cells demonstrated coexpression of @entity12 and apically redistributed @entity16 integrins. Attachment studies demonstrated that the major ligand involved in cell anchorage was laminin, probably through interactions with the integrin alpha(3) @entity16 . This interaction was downregulated by cytokines but was not dependent on NO. These studies provide a mechanism by which inflammatory cytokines induce @entity4 in @entity6 , in the absence of @entity8 and @entity3 . Future therapeutic strategies aimed at specific @entity12 inhibition might inhibit PTEC shedding after cytokine-induced @entity5 of @entity9 in @entity6 .

title: Coexpressed XXXX synthase and apical @entity16 integrins influence tubule cell adhesion after cytokine-induced injury.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Pancreas after previous kidney (PAK) transplants are an attractive option for type 1 @entity1 @entity0 because of the short waiting time and use of living kidney donors. Factors associated with the increased success rate of PAK transplants in four immunosuppressive eras were analyzed. Between July 1, 1978, and April 30, 2000, 406 PAK transplants were performed in posturemic @entity0 . Four immunosuppressive eras were analyzed: (1) the precyclosporine @entity4 , @entity4 1 (n = 65; 16%); (2) the @entity2 @entity4 , @entity4 2 (n = 109; 27%); (3) the @entity3 @entity4 with monoclonal or polyclonal antibody induction therapy, @entity4 3 (n = 104; 26%); and (4) the @entity3 @entity4 with monoclonal and polyclonal antibody induction therapy, @entity4 4 (n = 128; 31%). @entity0 and graft survival, rejection, and technical failure rates were calculated. @entity0 survival rates have remained high over time, from 91% ( @entity4 1) to 96% ( @entity4 4) at 1 yr posttransplant. Pancreas graft survival rates with primary cadaver transplants have significantly increased, from 17% ( @entity4 1) to 81% ( @entity4 4) at 1 yr. The rate of graft loss from rejection has significantly decreased, from 78% ( @entity4 1) to 9% ( @entity4 4) at 1 yr. Results were best when donors and recipients were matched for at least one antigen per HLA locus. Kidney graft survival was higher in PAK transplant recipients compared with @entity1 recipients of kidney transplants alone from the time of the kidney as well as the pancreas transplants. PAK recipients now enjoy >80% graft survival at 1 yr. This improvement in outcome results from better immunosuppression, good matching, and close posttransplant monitoring for rejection.

title: Pancreas after kidney transplants in posturemic @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Pancreas after previous kidney (PAK) transplants are an attractive option for type 1 @entity1 @entity0 because of the short waiting time and use of living kidney donors. Factors associated with the increased success rate of PAK transplants in four immunosuppressive eras were analyzed. Between July 1, 1978, and April 30, 2000, 406 PAK transplants were performed in posturemic @entity0 . Four immunosuppressive eras were analyzed: (1) the precyclosporine @entity4 , @entity4 1 (n = 65; 16%); (2) the @entity2 @entity4 , @entity4 2 (n = 109; 27%); (3) the @entity3 @entity4 with monoclonal or polyclonal antibody induction therapy, @entity4 3 (n = 104; 26%); and (4) the @entity3 @entity4 with monoclonal and polyclonal antibody induction therapy, @entity4 4 (n = 128; 31%). @entity0 and graft survival, rejection, and technical failure rates were calculated. @entity0 survival rates have remained high over time, from 91% ( @entity4 1) to 96% ( @entity4 4) at 1 yr posttransplant. Pancreas graft survival rates with primary cadaver transplants have significantly increased, from 17% ( @entity4 1) to 81% ( @entity4 4) at 1 yr. The rate of graft loss from rejection has significantly decreased, from 78% ( @entity4 1) to 9% ( @entity4 4) at 1 yr. Results were best when donors and recipients were matched for at least one antigen per HLA locus. Kidney graft survival was higher in PAK transplant recipients compared with @entity1 recipients of kidney transplants alone from the time of the kidney as well as the pancreas transplants. PAK recipients now enjoy >80% graft survival at 1 yr. This improvement in outcome results from better immunosuppression, good matching, and close posttransplant monitoring for rejection.

title: Pancreas after kidney transplants in posturemic XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The recommended method to measure exhaled @entity3 (NO) cannot reveal the source of NO production. We applied a model based on the classical Fick's first law of diffusion to partition NO in the lungs. The aim was to develop a simple and robust solution algorithm with a data quality control feature, and apply it to @entity0 with known alterations in exhaled NO. Subjects with @entity6 , @entity1 , @entity4 and controls were investigated. NO was measured at three expiratory flow rates. An iteration method was developed to partition NO. The airway tissue content of NO was increased in @entity2 , 144 +/- 80 ppb (P = 0.04) and decreased in smokers, 56 +/- 36 ppb (P = 0.02). There was no difference between subjects with @entity7 , 98 +/- 40 ppb and controls, 98 +/- 44 ppb. The airway transfer rate was increased in @entity1 and @entity6 , 12 +/- 4 vs. 12 +/- 5 ml @entity8 ), compared to controls, 8 +/- 2 ml @entity8 (P < 0.001). The alveolar levels were no different from controls, 2 +/- 1 ppb. In @entity4 the alveolar levels were increased, 4 +/- 2 ppb (P < 0.001). Extended NO analysis reveals from where in the respiratory system NO is generated. Hence, this new test can be added to the tools the physician has for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: Extended NO analysis applied to @entity0 with @entity4 , XXXX and @entity6 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The recommended method to measure exhaled @entity3 (NO) cannot reveal the source of NO production. We applied a model based on the classical Fick's first law of diffusion to partition NO in the lungs. The aim was to develop a simple and robust solution algorithm with a data quality control feature, and apply it to @entity0 with known alterations in exhaled NO. Subjects with @entity6 , @entity1 , @entity4 and controls were investigated. NO was measured at three expiratory flow rates. An iteration method was developed to partition NO. The airway tissue content of NO was increased in @entity2 , 144 +/- 80 ppb (P = 0.04) and decreased in smokers, 56 +/- 36 ppb (P = 0.02). There was no difference between subjects with @entity7 , 98 +/- 40 ppb and controls, 98 +/- 44 ppb. The airway transfer rate was increased in @entity1 and @entity6 , 12 +/- 4 vs. 12 +/- 5 ml @entity8 ), compared to controls, 8 +/- 2 ml @entity8 (P < 0.001). The alveolar levels were no different from controls, 2 +/- 1 ppb. In @entity4 the alveolar levels were increased, 4 +/- 2 ppb (P < 0.001). Extended NO analysis reveals from where in the respiratory system NO is generated. Hence, this new test can be added to the tools the physician has for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: Extended NO analysis applied to @entity0 with @entity4 , @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The recommended method to measure exhaled @entity3 (NO) cannot reveal the source of NO production. We applied a model based on the classical Fick's first law of diffusion to partition NO in the lungs. The aim was to develop a simple and robust solution algorithm with a data quality control feature, and apply it to @entity0 with known alterations in exhaled NO. Subjects with @entity6 , @entity1 , @entity4 and controls were investigated. NO was measured at three expiratory flow rates. An iteration method was developed to partition NO. The airway tissue content of NO was increased in @entity2 , 144 +/- 80 ppb (P = 0.04) and decreased in smokers, 56 +/- 36 ppb (P = 0.02). There was no difference between subjects with @entity7 , 98 +/- 40 ppb and controls, 98 +/- 44 ppb. The airway transfer rate was increased in @entity1 and @entity6 , 12 +/- 4 vs. 12 +/- 5 ml @entity8 ), compared to controls, 8 +/- 2 ml @entity8 (P < 0.001). The alveolar levels were no different from controls, 2 +/- 1 ppb. In @entity4 the alveolar levels were increased, 4 +/- 2 ppb (P < 0.001). Extended NO analysis reveals from where in the respiratory system NO is generated. Hence, this new test can be added to the tools the physician has for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: Extended NO analysis applied to @entity0 with XXXX , @entity1 and @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The recommended method to measure exhaled @entity3 (NO) cannot reveal the source of NO production. We applied a model based on the classical Fick's first law of diffusion to partition NO in the lungs. The aim was to develop a simple and robust solution algorithm with a data quality control feature, and apply it to @entity0 with known alterations in exhaled NO. Subjects with @entity6 , @entity1 , @entity4 and controls were investigated. NO was measured at three expiratory flow rates. An iteration method was developed to partition NO. The airway tissue content of NO was increased in @entity2 , 144 +/- 80 ppb (P = 0.04) and decreased in smokers, 56 +/- 36 ppb (P = 0.02). There was no difference between subjects with @entity7 , 98 +/- 40 ppb and controls, 98 +/- 44 ppb. The airway transfer rate was increased in @entity1 and @entity6 , 12 +/- 4 vs. 12 +/- 5 ml @entity8 ), compared to controls, 8 +/- 2 ml @entity8 (P < 0.001). The alveolar levels were no different from controls, 2 +/- 1 ppb. In @entity4 the alveolar levels were increased, 4 +/- 2 ppb (P < 0.001). Extended NO analysis reveals from where in the respiratory system NO is generated. Hence, this new test can be added to the tools the physician has for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: Extended NO analysis applied to XXXX with @entity4 , @entity1 and @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Long-term left ventricular (LV) performance and @entity0 outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedure in the presence of depressed LV function and hibernating @entity5 (HM) have been poorly determined. Therefore, we prospectively evaluated @entity0 undergoing CABG with severe @entity4 and HM to elucidate postoperative prognosis. METHODS: We enrolled 120 consecutive @entity0 undergoing CABG with severe @entity4 and HM as assessed by @entity1 echocardiography and by rest-redistribution radionuclide ( @entity6 -201) study. Mean @entity0 age was 60+/-9 years (range 31-77 years). Mean preoperative LVEF was 28%+/-9 (range 10-40%). All @entity0 underwent echocardiographic study to assess LV recovery of function intraoperatively, prior to hospital discharge, at 3 months, at 1 year, and yearly during the follow-up. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to to evaluate predictors of postoperative survival. RESULTS: There were 2 hospital (1.6%) and 15 late (12.5%) deaths, mainly for @entity2 , leading to an actuarial survival of 80+/-6% and 60+/-9% at 5 and 8 years, respectively. LVEF significantly improved perioperatively (from 28+/-9% to 40+/-2%, P<0.01). Increase in LVEF, however, was gradually offset over the time (EF of 33+/-9%, 32+/-8%, and 30+/-9% at 3 months, and 12 months, and 8 years after surgery, respectively). Furthermore, @entity0 who experienced limited LV functional recovery perioperatively had a more remarkable decline of LVEF thereafter, and suffered from recurrence of @entity2 (freedom from @entity2 82+/-5% and 60+/-8% at 4 and 8 years respectively). Advanced preoperative NYHA Class, and age were independent risks factors for reduced postoperative survival. @entity3 and use of arterial conduits apparently did not influence @entity0 morbidity and mortality at long term. CONCLUSION: CABG procedure in the presence of HM enhances LV recovery of function and has a favourable prognosis. Functional benefit of the left ventricle, however, appears to be time-limited, despite remarkable improvement in @entity0 functional capacity. Advanced preoperative @entity2 , minimal perioperative improvement of LVEF, and age account for a poor long-term prognosis.

title: Long-term results of coronary artery bypass grafting procedure in the presence of left ventricular dysfunction and hibernating XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) express several members of the @entity0 @entity1 factor (TNF) receptor family, including @entity13 and @entity8 , and secrete several cytokines and chemokines. However, little is known about what regulates cytokine and chemokine secretion in H/RS cells. Although H/RS cells are predominantly of B-cell origin, they frequently share phenotypic and functional features with dendritic cells (DCs). Previous studies reported that receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) (RANK), a member of the TNF receptor family, is expressed on DCs, and that @entity11 ( @entity11 ) enhances DC survival and induces them to secrete cytokines. This study reports that, similar to DCs, cultured H/RS cells expressed RANK. However, unlike DCs, H/RS cells also expressed @entity11 . Soluble @entity11 activated NF-kappaB and induced messenger RNA expression of @entity2 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity14 , and @entity12 , in addition to the receptors for @entity10 , @entity9 , @entity14 , and @entity15 . @entity11 increased @entity5 and @entity9 levels in the supernatants of H/RS cell lines, an effect that was blocked by soluble RANK. Furthermore, soluble RANK decreased the basal level of @entity5 in one cell line, suggesting that @entity5 was induced by an autocrine @entity11 /RANK loop. @entity11 had no effect on H/RS cell survival in culture, and it did not modulate the expression of @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity4 , or inhibitors of apoptosis proteins. These data provide evidence of further functional similarities between DCs and H/RS cells. The coexpression of RANK and @entity11 in H/RS cells suggests that they may regulate cytokine and chemokine secretion in H/RS cells by an autocrine mechanism.

title: Functional expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB in XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity8 replacement on total @entity1 , low-density lipoprotein @entity1 , @entity4 , high-density lipoprotein @entity1 (HDL-C), @entity5 , and @entity7 [ @entity7 ] in subjects with @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 17 @entity0 with clinical @entity3 , studies were done before and after @entity8 replacement therapy. Free @entity6 and @entity9 were determined by chemiluminescent assay. Total @entity1 and @entity4 were measured by enzymatic methods, and HDL-C was measured after dextran @entity2 - @entity10 precipitation. @entity5 were assayed by immunonephelometry. For measurement of @entity7 , we used a sequential sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: After @entity6 treatment, the mean concentration of thyrotropin decreased from 91.4 to 3.7 microIU/mL, and free @entity6 increased from 0.5 to 1.2 ng/ dL. Total @entity1 , @entity4 , HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein @entity1 , and @entity5 decreased after @entity8 replacement therapy. @entity7 levels also decreased significantly (P<0.05) after treatment, from a mean of 33.4 to 25.6 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: @entity3 is associated with an increase in total @entity1 , @entity4 , HDL-C, @entity5 , and @entity7 . A reduction in lipid and lipoprotein levels after @entity8 replacement in our study cohort resulted in a less atherogenic profile.

title: Effect of XXXX replacement on @entity7 , lipids, and apolipoproteins in subjects with @entity3 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity8 replacement on total @entity1 , low-density lipoprotein @entity1 , @entity4 , high-density lipoprotein @entity1 (HDL-C), @entity5 , and @entity7 [ @entity7 ] in subjects with @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 17 @entity0 with clinical @entity3 , studies were done before and after @entity8 replacement therapy. Free @entity6 and @entity9 were determined by chemiluminescent assay. Total @entity1 and @entity4 were measured by enzymatic methods, and HDL-C was measured after dextran @entity2 - @entity10 precipitation. @entity5 were assayed by immunonephelometry. For measurement of @entity7 , we used a sequential sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: After @entity6 treatment, the mean concentration of thyrotropin decreased from 91.4 to 3.7 microIU/mL, and free @entity6 increased from 0.5 to 1.2 ng/ dL. Total @entity1 , @entity4 , HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein @entity1 , and @entity5 decreased after @entity8 replacement therapy. @entity7 levels also decreased significantly (P<0.05) after treatment, from a mean of 33.4 to 25.6 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: @entity3 is associated with an increase in total @entity1 , @entity4 , HDL-C, @entity5 , and @entity7 . A reduction in lipid and lipoprotein levels after @entity8 replacement in our study cohort resulted in a less atherogenic profile.

title: Effect of @entity8 replacement on XXXX , lipids, and apolipoproteins in subjects with @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity8 replacement on total @entity1 , low-density lipoprotein @entity1 , @entity4 , high-density lipoprotein @entity1 (HDL-C), @entity5 , and @entity7 [ @entity7 ] in subjects with @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 17 @entity0 with clinical @entity3 , studies were done before and after @entity8 replacement therapy. Free @entity6 and @entity9 were determined by chemiluminescent assay. Total @entity1 and @entity4 were measured by enzymatic methods, and HDL-C was measured after dextran @entity2 - @entity10 precipitation. @entity5 were assayed by immunonephelometry. For measurement of @entity7 , we used a sequential sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: After @entity6 treatment, the mean concentration of thyrotropin decreased from 91.4 to 3.7 microIU/mL, and free @entity6 increased from 0.5 to 1.2 ng/ dL. Total @entity1 , @entity4 , HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein @entity1 , and @entity5 decreased after @entity8 replacement therapy. @entity7 levels also decreased significantly (P<0.05) after treatment, from a mean of 33.4 to 25.6 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: @entity3 is associated with an increase in total @entity1 , @entity4 , HDL-C, @entity5 , and @entity7 . A reduction in lipid and lipoprotein levels after @entity8 replacement in our study cohort resulted in a less atherogenic profile.

title: Effect of @entity8 replacement on @entity7 , lipids, and apolipoproteins in subjects with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Intramuscular (i.m.) immunisation of BALB/c @entity0 with a DNA vaccine, pcDNA3/tetC, encoding fragment C (TetC) from @entity2 toxin, stimulated production of TetC specific @entity4 antibodies in the serum and release of @entity1 from TetC stimulated splenocytes. A similar pattern of immune response was detected if pcDNA3/tetC primed @entity0 were boosted i.m. with purified TetC protein or TetC and cholera toxin (included as an adjuvant). In contrast, control @entity0 primed with the empty DNA vector pcDNA3 and boosted i.m. with TetC or TetC and CT, generated a dominant @entity3 specific anti-TetC response in the sera and low or undetectable levels of @entity1 from stimulated splenocytes. Thus, i.m. priming with a DNA vaccine modulated the subsequent immune response to the same antigen administered as a protein boost. Similar observations were made when DNA primed @entity0 were boosted using the intranasal mucosal route of immunisation. Interestingly, although @entity0 immunised with pcDNA3/tetC and boosted mucosally with TetC and CT produced anti-TetC IgA in mucosal secretions, the titres were reproducibly lower than those detected in @entity0 immunised with the pcDNA3 vector alone. The immunomodulatory effect of pcDNA3/tetC appeared to be antigen specific as mucosal boosting with an unrelated antigen (pertactin) revealed no significant modulation in terms of the anti-pertactin immune response.

title: A vaccination strategy incorporating DNA priming and mucosal boosting using XXXX toxin fragment C (TetC).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Point estimates of physical @entity2 give important information on the risk of @entity1 in healthy @entity0 , but there is little information available on effects of sequential changes in physical @entity2 on mortality. We studied this latter aspect in healthy middle-aged @entity0 over a total follow-up period of 22 years. METHODS: 2014 healthy @entity0 aged 40-60 years had a bicycle exercise test and clinical examination, and completed a questionnaire in 1972-75 (survey 1). This was repeated for 1756 (91%) of 1932 @entity0 still alive by Dec 31, 1982 (survey 2). The exercise scores were adjusted for age. The change in exercise scores between surveys was divided into quartiles (Q1=least fit, Q4=fittest). An adjusted Cox's proportional hazards model was used to study the association between changes in physical @entity2 and mortality, with the Q1 @entity0 used as controls. FINDINGS: By Dec 31, 1994, 238 (17%) of the 1428 @entity0 had died, 120 from cardiovascular causes. There were 37 deaths in the Q4 group (19 cardiovascular); their relative risks of @entity1 were 0.45 (95% CI 0.29-0.69) for any cause and 0.47 (0.26-0.86) for cardiovascular causes. There was a graded, inverse relation between changes in physical @entity2 and mortality irrespective of physical @entity2 status at survey 1. INTERPRETATION: Change in physical @entity2 in healthy middle-aged @entity0 is a strong predictor of mortality. Even small improvements in physical @entity2 are associated with a significantly lowered risk of @entity1 . If confirmed, these findings should be used to influence public health policy.

title: Changes in physical XXXX and changes in mortality.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this project was to study the relationship between @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and its related @entity1 , and reconsider the nosological limits of @entity3 . The electroclinical features of 45 @entity0 who experienced @entity6 in series were investigated, as well as some features not common in @entity0 with @entity3 . All @entity0 were @entity4 . The @entity0 were divided into three groups: Group 1 consisted of 12 @entity0 with @entity1 with onset in early infancy, group 2 consisted of 5 @entity0 with symptomatic @entity5 associated with @entity6 in series, and group 3 consisted of 28 @entity0 with @entity7 who had @entity6 in series after age 2 years. Partial @entity2 were the dominant symptom throughout the clinical course and @entity6 in series associated with atypical @entity3 appeared transiently during infancy in a significant number of the @entity0 in group 1. In group 2, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were the main @entity2 type and @entity3 was not observed during the clinical course. The EEGs in group 3 @entity0 showed diffuse slow spike-waves or multifocal @entity1 discharges in all but 1 @entity0 . The EEG of the remaining @entity0 still showed @entity3 at age 8 years. Therefore, group 1 @entity0 should be classified as having @entity3 although cortical mechanisms play a critical role in the occurrence of their @entity2 . Group 2 @entity0 should be considered as having a type of localization-related @entity1 even though they share a similar pathophysiological mechanism with group 1. In group 3, 1 @entity0 whose EEG still showed @entity3 was classified as having @entity3 . The other @entity0 should be classified as having @entity7 other than @entity3 .

title: @entity3 and its related XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this project was to study the relationship between @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and its related @entity1 , and reconsider the nosological limits of @entity3 . The electroclinical features of 45 @entity0 who experienced @entity6 in series were investigated, as well as some features not common in @entity0 with @entity3 . All @entity0 were @entity4 . The @entity0 were divided into three groups: Group 1 consisted of 12 @entity0 with @entity1 with onset in early infancy, group 2 consisted of 5 @entity0 with symptomatic @entity5 associated with @entity6 in series, and group 3 consisted of 28 @entity0 with @entity7 who had @entity6 in series after age 2 years. Partial @entity2 were the dominant symptom throughout the clinical course and @entity6 in series associated with atypical @entity3 appeared transiently during infancy in a significant number of the @entity0 in group 1. In group 2, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were the main @entity2 type and @entity3 was not observed during the clinical course. The EEGs in group 3 @entity0 showed diffuse slow spike-waves or multifocal @entity1 discharges in all but 1 @entity0 . The EEG of the remaining @entity0 still showed @entity3 at age 8 years. Therefore, group 1 @entity0 should be classified as having @entity3 although cortical mechanisms play a critical role in the occurrence of their @entity2 . Group 2 @entity0 should be considered as having a type of localization-related @entity1 even though they share a similar pathophysiological mechanism with group 1. In group 3, 1 @entity0 whose EEG still showed @entity3 was classified as having @entity3 . The other @entity0 should be classified as having @entity7 other than @entity3 .

title: XXXX and its related @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Wound healing is a well-orchestrated complex process leading to the repair of injured tissues. After injury, proinflammatory cytokines act as important modulators of the inflammatory process. @entity1 expression has been regarded as necessary for healing; however, its effects have also been implicated in delayed wound repair. Currently, there is no consensus or direct evidence that @entity1 activity plays a central role in the healing process. The present investigation was undertaken to define the role of IL-1R signaling in the healing outcome of an excisional wound in the palate or scalp of @entity0 that had targeted deletions of the IL-1 @entity2 ( @entity3 (-/-)) compared with matched wild-type @entity0 . Histomorphometric analysis was undertaken to assess the degree of healing and the recruitment of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytes. After 14 days, wild-type @entity0 exhibited complete closure of intraoral wounds, while @entity3 (-/-) animals had only partial closure (50%). In the @entity3 (-/-) @entity0 , healing tissues exhibited a persistent inflammatory cell infiltrate, which did not occur in wild-type animals. Treatment with antibiotics significantly diminished the persistent inflammatory infiltrate and improved healing in the experimental animals. In contrast to oral wounds, the rate of healing and recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells in scalp wounds was similar in @entity3 (-/-) and wild-type @entity0 . The present data underscore the importance of @entity1 in wound healing in a challenging environment and identify its principal role in facilitating the healing process by protecting an open wound from bacterial insult. In a less challenging environment, the production of new connective tissue and its coverage by migrating epithelium are minimally affected by the absence of @entity1 activity.

title: XXXX plays a critical role in oral, but not dermal, wound healing.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report three unrelated @entity0 with a distinctive phenotype of @entity9 , @entity6 , and @entity4 . The @entity0 all had a homozygous missense mutation in @entity11 . BACKGROUND: @entity11 encodes a @entity10 , thought to function as a @entity3 transporter to cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain. Mutations in @entity11 have been described in @entity0 with severe @entity7 and early onset fatal @entity5 . All @entity0 so far reported are compound heterozygotes for a missense mutation ( @entity12 ) near the predicted CxxxC metal binding motif; however, recent functional studies of the homologous mutation in @entity2 failed to demonstrate an effect on respiration. METHODS: Here we present clinical, biochemical, morphologic, functional, MRI, and @entity8 data in two @entity0 , and a short report in an additional @entity0 , all carrying a homozygous @entity13 transition ( @entity12 ). RESULTS: The disease onset and symptoms differed significantly from those in compound heterozygotes. MRI and muscle morphology demonstrated an age-dependent progression of disease with predominant involvement of white matter, late appearance of @entity1 , and @entity6 in addition to the relatively late onset of @entity4 . The @entity3 uptake of cultured fibroblasts was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical spectrum of @entity11 deficiency includes the delayed development of @entity4 and severe @entity6 . There is increased @entity3 uptake in @entity0 ' fibroblasts indicating that the @entity13 mutation effects cellular @entity3 metabolism.

title: Homozygosity ( XXXX ) in @entity11 causes delayed infantile onset of cardiomyopathy and neuropathy.

answer: @entity12


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report three unrelated @entity0 with a distinctive phenotype of @entity9 , @entity6 , and @entity4 . The @entity0 all had a homozygous missense mutation in @entity11 . BACKGROUND: @entity11 encodes a @entity10 , thought to function as a @entity3 transporter to cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain. Mutations in @entity11 have been described in @entity0 with severe @entity7 and early onset fatal @entity5 . All @entity0 so far reported are compound heterozygotes for a missense mutation ( @entity12 ) near the predicted CxxxC metal binding motif; however, recent functional studies of the homologous mutation in @entity2 failed to demonstrate an effect on respiration. METHODS: Here we present clinical, biochemical, morphologic, functional, MRI, and @entity8 data in two @entity0 , and a short report in an additional @entity0 , all carrying a homozygous @entity13 transition ( @entity12 ). RESULTS: The disease onset and symptoms differed significantly from those in compound heterozygotes. MRI and muscle morphology demonstrated an age-dependent progression of disease with predominant involvement of white matter, late appearance of @entity1 , and @entity6 in addition to the relatively late onset of @entity4 . The @entity3 uptake of cultured fibroblasts was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical spectrum of @entity11 deficiency includes the delayed development of @entity4 and severe @entity6 . There is increased @entity3 uptake in @entity0 ' fibroblasts indicating that the @entity13 mutation effects cellular @entity3 metabolism.

title: Homozygosity ( @entity12 ) in XXXX causes delayed infantile onset of cardiomyopathy and neuropathy.

answer: @entity11


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate endometrial responses to three different forms of @entity6 -inducing HRT in postmenopausal @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-one postmenopausal @entity0 completing a one-year HRT trial with percutaneous @entity1 gel containing 1.5 mg @entity1 daily combined with a @entity7 -releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) (n=18), or natural @entity5 100 mg daily orally (n= 19) or vaginally (n=15) during 1-25 calendar days of each month. Endometrial thickness and uterine size were measured by transvaginal ultrasound, and endometrial cytology/histology was assessed from specimens taken by needle aspiration before the study and at 12 months. RESULTS: Before medication, the median endometrial thickness was 2.0 mm in the LNG-IUD group, 2.4 mm in the oral P group and 2.5 mm in the vaginal P group. At 12 months of therapy the respective values, 3.0, 2.7 and 2.4 mm, did not differ significantly from the initial values. LNG-IUD induced @entity3 in all @entity0 , which was accompanied by stromal decidualization in 12 @entity0 . On the contrary, only four @entity0 in the oral P group and five @entity0 in the vaginal P group had an inactive or @entity8 endometrium. The remaining cases were dominated by proliferative features. No @entity4 was seen in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: LNG-IUD appeared to be an effective method of counteracting the stimulatory effect of @entity2 on the endometrium, whereas natural @entity5 given orally or vaginally was not sufficiently effective in this function at the doses used. The vaginal and oral administrations of @entity5 did not differ from each other in this respect.

title: Endometrial morphology during hormone replacement therapy with XXXX gel combined to @entity7 -releasing intrauterine device or natural @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate endometrial responses to three different forms of @entity6 -inducing HRT in postmenopausal @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-one postmenopausal @entity0 completing a one-year HRT trial with percutaneous @entity1 gel containing 1.5 mg @entity1 daily combined with a @entity7 -releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) (n=18), or natural @entity5 100 mg daily orally (n= 19) or vaginally (n=15) during 1-25 calendar days of each month. Endometrial thickness and uterine size were measured by transvaginal ultrasound, and endometrial cytology/histology was assessed from specimens taken by needle aspiration before the study and at 12 months. RESULTS: Before medication, the median endometrial thickness was 2.0 mm in the LNG-IUD group, 2.4 mm in the oral P group and 2.5 mm in the vaginal P group. At 12 months of therapy the respective values, 3.0, 2.7 and 2.4 mm, did not differ significantly from the initial values. LNG-IUD induced @entity3 in all @entity0 , which was accompanied by stromal decidualization in 12 @entity0 . On the contrary, only four @entity0 in the oral P group and five @entity0 in the vaginal P group had an inactive or @entity8 endometrium. The remaining cases were dominated by proliferative features. No @entity4 was seen in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: LNG-IUD appeared to be an effective method of counteracting the stimulatory effect of @entity2 on the endometrium, whereas natural @entity5 given orally or vaginally was not sufficiently effective in this function at the doses used. The vaginal and oral administrations of @entity5 did not differ from each other in this respect.

title: Endometrial morphology during hormone replacement therapy with @entity1 gel combined to @entity7 -releasing intrauterine device or natural XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate endometrial responses to three different forms of @entity6 -inducing HRT in postmenopausal @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-one postmenopausal @entity0 completing a one-year HRT trial with percutaneous @entity1 gel containing 1.5 mg @entity1 daily combined with a @entity7 -releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) (n=18), or natural @entity5 100 mg daily orally (n= 19) or vaginally (n=15) during 1-25 calendar days of each month. Endometrial thickness and uterine size were measured by transvaginal ultrasound, and endometrial cytology/histology was assessed from specimens taken by needle aspiration before the study and at 12 months. RESULTS: Before medication, the median endometrial thickness was 2.0 mm in the LNG-IUD group, 2.4 mm in the oral P group and 2.5 mm in the vaginal P group. At 12 months of therapy the respective values, 3.0, 2.7 and 2.4 mm, did not differ significantly from the initial values. LNG-IUD induced @entity3 in all @entity0 , which was accompanied by stromal decidualization in 12 @entity0 . On the contrary, only four @entity0 in the oral P group and five @entity0 in the vaginal P group had an inactive or @entity8 endometrium. The remaining cases were dominated by proliferative features. No @entity4 was seen in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: LNG-IUD appeared to be an effective method of counteracting the stimulatory effect of @entity2 on the endometrium, whereas natural @entity5 given orally or vaginally was not sufficiently effective in this function at the doses used. The vaginal and oral administrations of @entity5 did not differ from each other in this respect.

title: Endometrial morphology during hormone replacement therapy with @entity1 gel combined to XXXX -releasing intrauterine device or natural @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prior to 1993, the follow-up program for our pediatric @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was the responsibility of the rotating senior pediatric resident. There were inherent problems with this system, as a consequence of inconsistent personnel. The residents' revolving schedules and the fact that they were accountable to other clinical areas decreased their availability for follow-up. Also, it was difficult for the clerical staff to identify the @entity0 responsible for answering parent calls. The medical director of the @entity1 made the decision to turn the core responsibility for the follow-up program to the nurse practitioners in addition to their direct care provider role. The nurse practitioner group is a consistent member of the treatment team who has the critical thinking skills necessary to handle the majority of issues that require follow-up. The emergency attending physicians are available for consultation whenever questions arise. OBJECTIVE: Review of current follow-up program of a pediatric @entity1 and its impact on @entity0 care, @entity0 /parent satisfaction, and communication with community providers and specialists. METHOD: A retrospective review of the evolution of the multi-faceted follow-up of @entity0 from an urban pediatric @entity1 . RESULTS: Antidotal evidence suggests that a comprehensive follow-up program increases @entity0 satisfaction, improves communication between the @entity1 , primary care providers, and specialists. It also decreases the workload of the attending emergency physicians, allowing them more time to focus on acute issues. In addition, the follow-up program for @entity1 @entity0 can decrease the medical /legal risks associated with reporting of delayed laboratory results. CONCLUSION: The next step in further reviewing this program is the development of a satisfaction questionnaire for @entity0 / families and community providers to quantify their level of satisfaction with the program. A retrospective chart review of the @entity0 who received a follow-up phone call after discharge, and the return visit rate would be another avenue to pursue to validate our antidotal information.

title: A pediatric XXXX follow-up system: completing the cycle of care.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of radiation therapy and potential prognostic factors in @entity0 treated for pelvic recurrence of @entity5 after radical hysterectomy. MATERIALS: The records of 50 @entity0 treated between 1964 and 1994 for an isolated pelvic recurrence of @entity5 a median of 10.5 months after initial radical hysterectomy were retrospectively reviewed. @entity0 were categorized according to the extent of disease on clinical examination as group 1, mucosal involvement only (5); group 2, paravaginal extension (11); group 3, central recurrence with pelvic wall extension (13); and group 4, recurrences limited to the pelvic sidewall (21). Seven @entity0 with group 3 or 4 disease who had a poor performance status were treated with palliative intent using hypofractionated radiotherapy. The remaining 43 @entity0 were treated with curative intent, 33 with radiotherapy only and 10 with a combination of @entity3 -based chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Survival rates were calculated from the date of initial recurrence. Median follow-up of surviving @entity0 was 109 months. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate was 33% for all 50 @entity0 (median survival, 18 months), 39% for the 43 @entity0 treated with curative intent, and 25% for @entity0 with isolated sidewall recurrences treated with curative intent. The survival rate was 69% for @entity0 with group 1 and 2 disease and 18% for those treated with curative intent for group 3 disease (P = 0.07). The survival rate was better for @entity0 with recurrent @entity4 (51%) than for those with @entity2 (14%) (P = 0. 05). Three group 4 @entity0 who survived more than 5 years were treated with external-beam radiation alone. Eight-one percent of @entity0 who had a second recurrence had evidence of disease progression. Three @entity0 experienced late treatment complications. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who experience an isolated recurrence of @entity1 after initial radical hysterectomy have an excellent prognosis if disease does not involve the pelvic wall. Occasional long-term survivors of recurrent disease involving the pelvic wall justify an aggressive treatment approach.

title: Radiation therapy of pelvic recurrence after radical hysterectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A 49-year-old @entity0 was admitted with abnormal @entity4 of 5 months duration. Hysteroscopy showed polypoid formations in the uterine cavity. Biopsy of a polyp revealed an anaplastic @entity1 . A total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and iliac lymphadenectomy were performed. A polypoid soft white-yellowish @entity1 originated from the endometrium. The biopsies plus sections of the operative specimen were histologically similar and displayed typical features of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) with tubulo-papillary pattern. Schiller-Duval bodies and PAS-positive, diastase-resistant, hyaline droplets were present. There was no neoplastic involvement of the cervix, ovaries, and iliac lymph nodes. @entity1 cells and hyaline globules were strongly immunoreactive with @entity2 antibody. The @entity0 refused chemotherapy and was subsequently treated by external radiotherapy. The @entity0 remained free of disease 28 months after surgery. There are only four additional cases of primary @entity3 of the endometrium reported in literature. On the basis of the small number of cases reported, such @entity1 appear to have clinical and pathological features similar to their ovarian counterparts.

title: Primary XXXX of the endometrium: a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 is an uncommon @entity3 , one of intermediate-grade @entity1 . @entity4 is rare and often associated with multiple site involvement. CASES: Three @entity0 with cutaneous EHE without systemic involvement in one case, with skin, @entity2 in two others cases are reported. One @entity0 is in complete remission after one year. The second @entity0 is stable without treatment after ten years. In the third @entity0 , alpha interferon given for one year don't produce effective results and the lesions do not progress without treatment after eight years of follow-up. DISCUSSION: Cutaneous presentation of EHE is quite variable. After the diagnosis is done, systemic involvement must be detected specially in bone, liver or lung. Metastatic spread or mulitcentric origin of the @entity1 are a matter of controversy. The pathobiologic behavior of EHE is not clearly recognized. Little data are available regarding the results of treatment with alpha interferon.

title: [ XXXX : disease course in 3 cases].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: We earlier demonstrated that oral @entity3 can be associated with @entity2 in @entity0 with acne. The aim of this study was to evaluate the causal relationships of the different etiologies in case of unsuccessful treatment. @entity0 AND METHODS: The study group included 120 @entity0 with late-onset acne resistant to different treatment and signs of @entity2 . A complete hormone work-up was obtained in all @entity0 . There was a group of 23 @entity0 who failed to respond to @entity3 and 97 @entity0 in the control group. Unsuccessful treatment was defined as persistance of grade 2 lesions after a mean cumulative dose of 166 mg/kg @entity3 . RESULTS: In the non-responders to @entity3 , @entity2 was observed in 22 out of 23 cases: pituitary (n = 2), adrenal (n = 5), ovarian (n = 13), peripheral (n = 2). In the control group, @entity2 was found in 89 out of 97 @entity0 : pituitary (n = 6), adrenal (n = 45), ovarian (n = 33), peripheral (n = 5). The distribution of two etiologies, ovary and adrenal, demonstrated a significant difference between @entity3 non-responders and controls, the former having a higher frequency of @entity1 . DISCUSSION: These findings confirm that untreated @entity1 , is a source of unsuccessful treatment with oral @entity3 .

title: [Acne, @entity2 and oral XXXX resistance. 23 cases. Therapeutic implications].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: We earlier demonstrated that oral @entity3 can be associated with @entity2 in @entity0 with acne. The aim of this study was to evaluate the causal relationships of the different etiologies in case of unsuccessful treatment. @entity0 AND METHODS: The study group included 120 @entity0 with late-onset acne resistant to different treatment and signs of @entity2 . A complete hormone work-up was obtained in all @entity0 . There was a group of 23 @entity0 who failed to respond to @entity3 and 97 @entity0 in the control group. Unsuccessful treatment was defined as persistance of grade 2 lesions after a mean cumulative dose of 166 mg/kg @entity3 . RESULTS: In the non-responders to @entity3 , @entity2 was observed in 22 out of 23 cases: pituitary (n = 2), adrenal (n = 5), ovarian (n = 13), peripheral (n = 2). In the control group, @entity2 was found in 89 out of 97 @entity0 : pituitary (n = 6), adrenal (n = 45), ovarian (n = 33), peripheral (n = 5). The distribution of two etiologies, ovary and adrenal, demonstrated a significant difference between @entity3 non-responders and controls, the former having a higher frequency of @entity1 . DISCUSSION: These findings confirm that untreated @entity1 , is a source of unsuccessful treatment with oral @entity3 .

title: [Acne, XXXX and oral @entity3 resistance. 23 cases. Therapeutic implications].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Considerable evidence suggests that high plasma concentrations of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 increase the risk of @entity1 . Recent studies report beneficial effects of dietary fiber on @entity3 , although the mechanisms by which high fiber intake reduces the risk of @entity2 are not well understood. This study examined the relation of dietary fiber intake to @entity5 and @entity4 concentrations in 883 @entity0 and 1116 @entity0 aged 50.4 +/- 13.8 and 52.1 +/- 13.7 y, respectively, in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Diet was assessed with a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. The natural logarithm was used to transform @entity5 because of a skewed distribution. In the first through fifth age- and energy-specific quintiles of fiber intake, mean (ln) @entity5 was 6.09, 5.91, 5.88, 5.82, and 5.67 pmol/L, respectively, for @entity0 and 5.50, 5.37, 5.39, 5.23, and 5.18 pmol/L, respectively, for @entity0 . Multiple regression showed that when the lowest was compared with the second, third, fourth, and fifth age- and energy-specific quintiles of fiber intake, (ln) @entity5 was 0.21, 0.25, 0.22, and 0.32 pmol/L lower in @entity0 (P for trend = 0.009) and 0.08, 0.06, 0.14, and 0.20 pmol/L lower in @entity0 (P for trend = 0.037), respectively, with anthropometric, lifestyle, and metabolic factors adjusted for. No significant association was found between fiber intake and @entity4 . Waist-hip ratio did not modify the relation of fiber intake to @entity5 (P for interaction = 0.39 for @entity0 and 0.36 for @entity0 ). These data suggest that higher fiber intake is inversely associated with @entity5 , but not with @entity4 concentration.

title: Relation between dietary fiber consumption and XXXX and @entity5 : The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Considerable evidence suggests that high plasma concentrations of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 increase the risk of @entity1 . Recent studies report beneficial effects of dietary fiber on @entity3 , although the mechanisms by which high fiber intake reduces the risk of @entity2 are not well understood. This study examined the relation of dietary fiber intake to @entity5 and @entity4 concentrations in 883 @entity0 and 1116 @entity0 aged 50.4 +/- 13.8 and 52.1 +/- 13.7 y, respectively, in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Diet was assessed with a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. The natural logarithm was used to transform @entity5 because of a skewed distribution. In the first through fifth age- and energy-specific quintiles of fiber intake, mean (ln) @entity5 was 6.09, 5.91, 5.88, 5.82, and 5.67 pmol/L, respectively, for @entity0 and 5.50, 5.37, 5.39, 5.23, and 5.18 pmol/L, respectively, for @entity0 . Multiple regression showed that when the lowest was compared with the second, third, fourth, and fifth age- and energy-specific quintiles of fiber intake, (ln) @entity5 was 0.21, 0.25, 0.22, and 0.32 pmol/L lower in @entity0 (P for trend = 0.009) and 0.08, 0.06, 0.14, and 0.20 pmol/L lower in @entity0 (P for trend = 0.037), respectively, with anthropometric, lifestyle, and metabolic factors adjusted for. No significant association was found between fiber intake and @entity4 . Waist-hip ratio did not modify the relation of fiber intake to @entity5 (P for interaction = 0.39 for @entity0 and 0.36 for @entity0 ). These data suggest that higher fiber intake is inversely associated with @entity5 , but not with @entity4 concentration.

title: Relation between dietary fiber consumption and @entity4 and XXXX : The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The gatekeeper function of the general practitioner (GP) in the pathway to specialized @entity1 services was investigated in this study, which is part of the Nordic Comparative Study on Sectorized Psychiatry. The question addressed in this paper is whether different sociodemographic and clinical factors as well as factors related to service utilization are associated with referral from the GP compared with self-referrals (including referrals from relatives). METHODS: The study comprised a total of 1413 consecutive @entity0 , admitted during 1 year to five @entity1 centres in four Nordic countries. The centres included in this study were those that accepted non-medical referrals. Only new @entity0 (not in contact with the service for at least 18 months) were included. RESULTS: Increasing age was the only sociodemographic factor significantly associated with referral by the GP. The clinical factors ( @entity2 , being totally new to psychiatry and being in need of in- @entity0 treatment) and some treatment characteristics (planned out- @entity0 treatment and involuntary in- @entity0 treatment), were all significantly associated with referral by the GP. Some indication was found that self-referred @entity0 have shorter episodes of care. CONCLUSIONS: The findings were remarkably stable across the different centres indicating a general pattern. This study extends previous work on the role of GPs in the pathway to specialized @entity1 services and indicates that the GP has an important gatekeeper function for the most disabled @entity0 .

title: Factors associated with referral to XXXX care by general practitioners compared with self-referrals.

answer: @entity1


abstract: High-affinity @entity2 receptor @entity6 recognition site antagonists protect brain tissue from @entity7 . The neuroprotective effect of @entity10 ( @entity10 ), a selective @entity2 receptor antagonist with nanomolar affinity for the @entity6 binding site, was examined in @entity0 cortical mixed neuronal/glial cultures. @entity10 alone did not alter spontaneous @entity3 dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Treatment with @entity10 (0.1-10 microM) before 500 microM @entity5 , 30 microM @entity2 , or 300 microM @entity9 exposure was found to reduce LDH release in a concentration-dependent fashion. These effects were altered by adding @entity6 to the medium. @entity6 (1 mM) partially reversed the effect of @entity10 on @entity9 @entity1 . @entity6 (100 microM-1 mM) completely blocked the effects of @entity10 on @entity5 and @entity2 @entity1 . The @entity6 concentration that produced a half-maximal potentiation of excitotoxin-induced LDH release in the presence of 1.0 microM @entity10 was similar for @entity5 and @entity2 (18 +/- 3 and 29 +/- 9 microM, respectively). @entity10 also reduced @entity9 @entity1 in cultures treated with @entity8 . The effects of @entity6 and @entity10 on @entity5 -induced LDH release were consistent with a model of simple competitive interaction for the @entity4 -insensitive @entity2 receptor @entity6 recognition site, although nonspecific effects at the @entity9 receptor may be of lesser importance.

title: Neuroprotective effects of @entity2 receptor XXXX recognition site antagonism: dependence on @entity6 concentration.

answer: @entity6


abstract: High-affinity @entity2 receptor @entity6 recognition site antagonists protect brain tissue from @entity7 . The neuroprotective effect of @entity10 ( @entity10 ), a selective @entity2 receptor antagonist with nanomolar affinity for the @entity6 binding site, was examined in @entity0 cortical mixed neuronal/glial cultures. @entity10 alone did not alter spontaneous @entity3 dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Treatment with @entity10 (0.1-10 microM) before 500 microM @entity5 , 30 microM @entity2 , or 300 microM @entity9 exposure was found to reduce LDH release in a concentration-dependent fashion. These effects were altered by adding @entity6 to the medium. @entity6 (1 mM) partially reversed the effect of @entity10 on @entity9 @entity1 . @entity6 (100 microM-1 mM) completely blocked the effects of @entity10 on @entity5 and @entity2 @entity1 . The @entity6 concentration that produced a half-maximal potentiation of excitotoxin-induced LDH release in the presence of 1.0 microM @entity10 was similar for @entity5 and @entity2 (18 +/- 3 and 29 +/- 9 microM, respectively). @entity10 also reduced @entity9 @entity1 in cultures treated with @entity8 . The effects of @entity6 and @entity10 on @entity5 -induced LDH release were consistent with a model of simple competitive interaction for the @entity4 -insensitive @entity2 receptor @entity6 recognition site, although nonspecific effects at the @entity9 receptor may be of lesser importance.

title: Neuroprotective effects of @entity2 receptor @entity6 recognition site antagonism: dependence on XXXX concentration.

answer: @entity6


abstract: High-affinity @entity2 receptor @entity6 recognition site antagonists protect brain tissue from @entity7 . The neuroprotective effect of @entity10 ( @entity10 ), a selective @entity2 receptor antagonist with nanomolar affinity for the @entity6 binding site, was examined in @entity0 cortical mixed neuronal/glial cultures. @entity10 alone did not alter spontaneous @entity3 dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Treatment with @entity10 (0.1-10 microM) before 500 microM @entity5 , 30 microM @entity2 , or 300 microM @entity9 exposure was found to reduce LDH release in a concentration-dependent fashion. These effects were altered by adding @entity6 to the medium. @entity6 (1 mM) partially reversed the effect of @entity10 on @entity9 @entity1 . @entity6 (100 microM-1 mM) completely blocked the effects of @entity10 on @entity5 and @entity2 @entity1 . The @entity6 concentration that produced a half-maximal potentiation of excitotoxin-induced LDH release in the presence of 1.0 microM @entity10 was similar for @entity5 and @entity2 (18 +/- 3 and 29 +/- 9 microM, respectively). @entity10 also reduced @entity9 @entity1 in cultures treated with @entity8 . The effects of @entity6 and @entity10 on @entity5 -induced LDH release were consistent with a model of simple competitive interaction for the @entity4 -insensitive @entity2 receptor @entity6 recognition site, although nonspecific effects at the @entity9 receptor may be of lesser importance.

title: Neuroprotective effects of XXXX receptor @entity6 recognition site antagonism: dependence on @entity6 concentration.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Our objective was to study whether islet amyloid polypeptide ( @entity1 ) produces satiety by an endocrine mechanism. We used a @entity0 model to determine whether postprandial plasma levels of @entity1 are comparable to those required to inhibit feeding when @entity1 is administered by continuous intravenous infusion. Food intake in @entity0 with aortic catheters increased plasma @entity1 levels from a fasting level of 10.8 +/- 0.5 pM to a peak level of 19.0 +/- 1.0 pM at 2.2 +/- 0.5 h. In @entity0 with jugular vein and aortic catheters, the threshold intravenous dose for @entity1 suppression of feeding was between 1 and 3 pmol . kg-1 . min-1. The 3 pmol . kg-1 . min-1 dose decreased 4-h intake by approximately 25% by decreasing meal frequency rather than meal size. This dose increased plasma @entity1 by approximately 24 pM. These results suggest that postprandial plasma levels of @entity1 are not quite sufficient to independently produce satiety.

title: Sufficiency of postprandial plasma levels of islet amyloid polypeptide for suppression of feeding in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: A recent study showed that inhaled @entity4 greatly improves experimentally induced @entity3 in @entity0 . The objective of the current study is to test the hypothesis that inhaled @entity4 suppresses the behavioral response to airway occlusion without changing the behavioral response to a somatic noxious stimulus in anesthetized animals. METHODS: In 10 spontaneously breathing @entity1 anesthetized with @entity7 , anesthetic @entity5 (50) was determined by measuring an end-tidal anesthetic concentration while observing escape behavior. The monitored behavior consisted of purposeful movement of the head and forearm after endotracheal tube occlusion. The duration from the start of airway occlusion to the onset of the positive response (DOCCL) was measured at the highest concentration of @entity7 permitting the positive motor response to airway occlusion before pretreatment. @entity5 (50) values (minimum alveolar concentration) for the suppression of a somatic motor response to a noxious stimulus induced by toe pinch (toe-pinch @entity5 (50)) were also determined. Then, the effects of inhaled @entity4 or vehicle on the @entity5 (50) for the suppression of the behavioral response to airway occlusion, DOCCL, and toe-pinch @entity5 (50) were evaluated in a randomized, cross-over design. RESULTS: The @entity5 (50) for the suppression of the behavioral response to airway occlusion significantly decreased (P < 0.01) and DOCCL was significantly prolonged (P < 0.01) after @entity4 inhalation, whereas @entity6 did not change these measurements. The decrease in @entity5 (50) for the suppression of the behavioral response to airway occlusion after @entity4 inhalation lasted 3 h. @entity4 inhalation did not affect the toe-pinch @entity5 (50). CONCLUSION: Inhaled @entity4 suppressed the behavioral response to airway occlusion in anesthetized animals without affecting the response to somatic noxious stimulus. The authors' animal model of @entity2 may be applicable to the study of @entity3 in regard to its mechanism and treatment.

title: Inhaled @entity4 inhibits behavioral response to airway occlusion in anesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: A recent study showed that inhaled @entity4 greatly improves experimentally induced @entity3 in @entity0 . The objective of the current study is to test the hypothesis that inhaled @entity4 suppresses the behavioral response to airway occlusion without changing the behavioral response to a somatic noxious stimulus in anesthetized animals. METHODS: In 10 spontaneously breathing @entity1 anesthetized with @entity7 , anesthetic @entity5 (50) was determined by measuring an end-tidal anesthetic concentration while observing escape behavior. The monitored behavior consisted of purposeful movement of the head and forearm after endotracheal tube occlusion. The duration from the start of airway occlusion to the onset of the positive response (DOCCL) was measured at the highest concentration of @entity7 permitting the positive motor response to airway occlusion before pretreatment. @entity5 (50) values (minimum alveolar concentration) for the suppression of a somatic motor response to a noxious stimulus induced by toe pinch (toe-pinch @entity5 (50)) were also determined. Then, the effects of inhaled @entity4 or vehicle on the @entity5 (50) for the suppression of the behavioral response to airway occlusion, DOCCL, and toe-pinch @entity5 (50) were evaluated in a randomized, cross-over design. RESULTS: The @entity5 (50) for the suppression of the behavioral response to airway occlusion significantly decreased (P < 0.01) and DOCCL was significantly prolonged (P < 0.01) after @entity4 inhalation, whereas @entity6 did not change these measurements. The decrease in @entity5 (50) for the suppression of the behavioral response to airway occlusion after @entity4 inhalation lasted 3 h. @entity4 inhalation did not affect the toe-pinch @entity5 (50). CONCLUSION: Inhaled @entity4 suppressed the behavioral response to airway occlusion in anesthetized animals without affecting the response to somatic noxious stimulus. The authors' animal model of @entity2 may be applicable to the study of @entity3 in regard to its mechanism and treatment.

title: Inhaled XXXX inhibits behavioral response to airway occlusion in anesthetized @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the complications and oncologic and functional results of preoperative radiochemotherapy and sphincter-saving resection for T3 @entity1 of the lower third of the rectum. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: @entity4 of the lower third of the rectum (i.e., located at or below 6 cm from the anal verge) are usually treated by abdominoperineal resection, especially for @entity2 . Few data are available evaluating concomitant chemotherapy with preoperative radiotherapy for increasing sphincter-saving resection in low @entity1 . METHODS: Between 1995 and 1999, 43 @entity0 underwent preoperative radiochemotherapy with conservative surgery for a low @entity1 located a mean of 4.5 cm from the anal verge (range 2-6); 70% of the lesions were less than 2 cm from the anal sphincter. There were 40 T3 and 3 T4 @entity1 . @entity0 received preoperative radiotherapy with a mean dose of 50 Gy (range 40-54) and concomitant chemotherapy with @entity8 in continuous infusion (n = 36) or bolus (n = 7). Sphincter- saving resection was performed 6 weeks after treatment, in 25 @entity0 by using intersphincteric resection. Coloanal anastomoses were associated with a colonic pouch in 86% of the @entity0 , and all @entity0 had a protecting stoma. RESULTS: There were no deaths related to preoperative radiochemotherapy and surgery. Acute @entity3 was mainly due to @entity6 , with 54% of grade 1 to 2. Four anastomotic @entity5 and two pelvic @entity7 occurred; all @entity0 but one had closure of the stoma. Distal and radial surgical margins were respectively 23 +/- 8 mm (range 10-40) and 8 +/- 4 mm (range 1-20) and were negative in 98% of the @entity0 . Downstaging (pT0-2N0) was observed in 42% of the @entity0 (18/43) and was associated with a greater radial margin (10 vs. 6 mm; P =.02). After a median follow-up of 30 months, the rate of local recurrence was 2% (1/43), and four @entity0 had distal metastases. Overall and disease-free survival rates were both 85% at 3 years. Functional results were good (Kirwan continence I, II) in 79% of the available @entity0 (n = 37). They were slightly altered by intersphincteric resection (57 vs. 75% of perfect continence; NS) but were significantly improved by a colonic pouch (74 vs. 16%; P =.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that preoperative radiochemotherapy allowed sphincter-saving resection to be performed with good local control and good functional results in @entity0 with @entity1 that would have required abdominoperineal resection in most instances.

title: Preoperative radiochemotherapy and sphincter-saving resection for T3 XXXX of the lower third of the rectum.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies show an inverse association between height and risk of @entity1 . How height affects survival after @entity1 is uncertain. METHODS: In the Determinants of @entity1 Onset Study, trained interviewers performed chart reviews and face-to-face interviews with 1935 @entity0 hospitalized with @entity1 in 45 US medical centers between 1989 and 1993. We excluded 15 @entity0 with missing information on height. After a search of the National Death Index for @entity0 who died before 1996, we analyzed the relationship of height and survival with Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Of the 1920 eligible @entity0 , 317 (17%) died during a median follow-up of 3.8 years. Height was positively associated with younger age, greater educational attainment, and a lower likelihood of being sedentary among both @entity0 and @entity0 . Height was not associated with long-term survival among @entity0 in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. Among @entity0 , height was associated with survival only in unadjusted analyses; adjustment for age eliminated this association. We found no relationship between height and survival in any individual age group among @entity0 or @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Although stature may be associated with the risk of @entity1 , it is not associated with long-term survival after such an event.

title: Height is not associated with long-term survival after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) exists as an heterogeneous population of two or three genetic variants ( @entity3 F1 and/or S and @entity4 A) in the plasma of most individuals. The @entity3 and @entity4 variants have a separate genetic origin. AAG belongs to the acute-phase proteins, which, under conditions of @entity2 , increase several-fold in concentration. Additionally, there is evidence to suggest that it is not only the concentration but also the distribution of the two gene products of AAG ( @entity3 and @entity4 ) that alter in such conditions. Variations of the relative concentrations of the AAG variants in certain diseases, such as @entity1 , can only be shown by reference to data collected in healthy @entity0 . In this study, we have investigated a group of 74 healthy subjects (42 @entity0 and 32 @entity0 ) for AAG concentrations, AAG phenotypes and relative proportions of genetic variants in plasma. The specific assay of AAG was carried out by an immunonephelometric method and the phenotyping was performed, after desialylation of AAG, by analytical isoelectric focusing. Detection of the AAG variants was made by immunoblotting and their relative proportions were determined by laser densitometry analysis. The AAG plasma concentrations in the healthy group ranged between 0.28 and 0.92 g/l (mean value 0.50+/-0.14 g/l). The relative proportions of the variants derived from the two genes of AAG were variable, depending on the individual, but the amount of @entity3 variants almost always exceeded that of the @entity4 variant. No sex-related differences were observed in respect either in the total AAG level nor the relative proportions of the @entity3 and @entity4 variants. The data collected in this study may serve as a reference towards the investigation of possible changes in the expression of the genetic variants of AAG in chronic inflammatory diseases.

title: Study of the expression of the genetic variants of XXXX alpha1-acid glycoprotein in healthy subjects using isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score and to identify other prognosis factors in severe, @entity5 in @entity0 . DESIGN: Retrospective study over a 9-year period. SETTING: A Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in a University Hospital. @entity0 AND @entity0 : One hundred and thirty-three traumatized @entity0 , 8.6 years (8 months-16 years), were reviewed. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Pediatric @entity1 Score (PTS), @entity1 ( @entity1 ), New @entity1 (NISS), Glasgow @entity4 Scale (GCS) score, and PRISM were calculated. The areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC Az) curves, were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The mortality rate was 25.6%. PRISM performed well for discrimination between survivors and non-survivors. Az PRISM 0.9387 (0.029) was not different from Az GCS score 0.9451 (0.027) (P=0.568), but was significantly different from Az @entity1 0.756 (0.052) (P<0.001), Az NISS 0.7606 (0.051) (P<0.001), and Az PTS 0.8244 (0.047) (P=0.016). Death was significantly associated with @entity3 (P=0.014), PRISM >35, PTS <5, GCS <7, and @entity1 or NISS >32 (P<0.00001). PRISM >35 (P=0.001) and GCS <7 (P=0.003) were independent risk factors of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: PRISM is a reliable tool for evaluating the prognosis of multiple, severely traumatized @entity0 . Its relative simplicity and the fact that it is extremely widespread as a general prognosis score in PICUs represent other arguments for its use. Due to the leading influence of @entity3 on mortality, GCS, a score even simpler than PRISM, showed identical accuracy regarding survival prediction.

title: Evaluating the prognosis of multiple, severely traumatized XXXX in the intensive care unit.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: P maximum and P dispersion are evaluated as predictors of @entity2 in adults. In this study, these variables are being investigated in @entity0 with secundum @entity3 in comparison with that of normal controls and in relation to size of @entity3 and the presence or absence of @entity1 . METHODS: Ninety-four @entity0 with isolated secundum @entity3 (33 @entity0 , 60 @entity0 ; mean +/- SD age at diagnosis 2.9 +/- 4.1 years) and 65 age-matched controls (mean +/- SD age 4.2 +/- 4.2 years) were evaluated. Resting 12-lead ECG was used to measure P waves from which P maximum and P dispersion (difference between maximum and minimum P-wave duration) were derived. @entity3 @entity0 were arbitrarily subgrouped according to @entity3 sizes (small: 1-3 mm, moderate: 4-7 mm, large: > or = 8 mm). The presence of right @entity1 was noted from echocardiography. RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity3 had significantly longer mean P dispersion compared to controls (P dispersion: 30.2 +/- 11.1 vs 26.4 +/- 6.6 ms, P = 0.008). Mean P maximum and P dispersion were significantly prolonged with increasing @entity3 size (P < 0.001). @entity0 with right @entity1 had significantly longer P maximum (102.3 +/- 15.2 vs 82.8 +/- 13.4 ms, P < 0.001) and larger P dispersion (36.1 +/- 12.5 vs 27.6 +/- 9.4 ms, P = 0.003) compared to those without right @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Prolonged @entity4 time and inhomogeneity of @entity4 may possibly be present in @entity0 with moderate to large sized @entity3 and in those with @entity1 .

title: Analysis of P wave and P dispersion in XXXX with secundum atrial septal defect.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harm of administering anticonvulsants to @entity0 of 37 weeks gestation or more following perinatal @entity4 with the primary aims of prevention of @entity1 or subsequent severe @entity2 and/or the prevention of @entity3 . SEARCH STRATEGY: Relevant randomised controlled trials were identified using a combination of electronic database searches (MEDLINE and EMBASE), hand searches and a search of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised, or quasi-randomised, controlled clinical trials with reported data comparing the following outcomes: mortality, @entity2 , neonatal @entity3 and adverse events, following anticonvulsant therapy in term @entity0 (37 weeks or more), compared to controls with or without placebo, following perinatal @entity4 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Methodological quality and validity of studies were assessed without consideration of the results. Data relevant to the outcome were extracted and analysed. MAIN RESULTS: Five randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials which met the selection criteria were identified. No studies were of sufficient methodological quality and size to demonstrate a valid, clinically significant change in the risk of mortality or severe @entity2 . A meta-analysis combining three studies comparing barbiturates with conventional therapy following perinatal @entity4 demonstrated no difference in risks of @entity1 , severe @entity2 , or @entity1 or severe @entity2 . REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: At the present time, anticonvulsant therapy to term @entity0 in the immediate period following perinatal @entity4 cannot be recommended for routine clinical practice, other than in the treatment of prolonged or frequent clinical @entity3 . Any future studies should be of high quality: randomised control trials with allocation concealment, performance and outcome assessment blinding. Such studies should be of sufficient size, with minimal attrition, to have the power to detect clinically important reductions in mortality and severe @entity2 , as the primary outcome measures.

title: Anticonvulsants for preventing mortality and morbidity in full term newborns with perinatal XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern society. As a result of this, great efforts have been made to establish regimens for prophylaxis and treatment of such disorders. Pharmacological intervention is also a prerequisite for the success of other therapeutic approaches, e.g. coronary angioplasty. Prevention of @entity6 is a goal that can be achieved by counteracting various receptors on the platelet surface. The main attentions for such interventions are focused on inhibiting the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor. So far, they are limited to intravenous usage. @entity4 receptor inhibitors are available for intravenous and oral usage. Their effect is, at least partly, also exerted via the counteraction of @entity4 -mediated activation of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex. An oral direct @entity3 inhibitor is under clinical evaluation. This review focuses on @entity1 , but recent advances within new fields of anticoagulation (i.e., treatment of severe @entity2 and a novel approach to prevent @entity5 during surgery) should not be overlooked.

title: Pharmaceutical thrombosis prevention in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Achieving "adequacy of dialysis" includes the maintenance of normal serum ionized @entity2 concentrations and is an important therapeutic goal in the treatment of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). It is unknown whether this goal is best achieved with intermittent or continuous renal replacement therapy. METHODS: We compared the effects of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on serum ionized @entity2 concentrations using daily morning blood tests in 88 consecutive intensive care @entity0 of which half were treated with @entity1 and half with CRRT. RESULTS: Mean @entity0 age was 54 +/- 14 years for @entity1 and 60 +/- 14 years for @entity4 (NS). However, @entity0 who received @entity4 were significantly more critically ill (mean APACHE II scores: 24.4 +/- 5.1 for @entity1 vs. 29.2 +/- 5.7 for @entity4 , p < 0.003). Before treatment, the mean ionized @entity2 concentration was 1.177 +/- 0.03 mmol/l for @entity1 and 1.172 +/- 0.04 mmol/l for @entity4 (NS), with abnormal values in 51.6% of @entity1 @entity0 and in 68% of @entity4 @entity0 (NS). During treatment, @entity6 was significantly more common among @entity4 @entity0 (24.5% vs. 14.9%; p < 0.011) while @entity5 was more frequent during @entity1 (36.1% vs. 25.6%; p < 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal serum ionized @entity2 concentrations are frequent in @entity3 @entity0 before and during renal replacement. Once dialytic therapy is applied, @entity4 is more likely to lower serum @entity2 concentrations, while @entity1 is more likely to induce @entity5 . Appreciation of these different biochemical effects may assist clinicians in adjusting dialytic therapy in selected @entity0 .

title: Ionized serum @entity2 levels during @entity3 : XXXX vs. Continuous hemodiafiltration.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Achieving "adequacy of dialysis" includes the maintenance of normal serum ionized @entity2 concentrations and is an important therapeutic goal in the treatment of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). It is unknown whether this goal is best achieved with intermittent or continuous renal replacement therapy. METHODS: We compared the effects of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on serum ionized @entity2 concentrations using daily morning blood tests in 88 consecutive intensive care @entity0 of which half were treated with @entity1 and half with CRRT. RESULTS: Mean @entity0 age was 54 +/- 14 years for @entity1 and 60 +/- 14 years for @entity4 (NS). However, @entity0 who received @entity4 were significantly more critically ill (mean APACHE II scores: 24.4 +/- 5.1 for @entity1 vs. 29.2 +/- 5.7 for @entity4 , p < 0.003). Before treatment, the mean ionized @entity2 concentration was 1.177 +/- 0.03 mmol/l for @entity1 and 1.172 +/- 0.04 mmol/l for @entity4 (NS), with abnormal values in 51.6% of @entity1 @entity0 and in 68% of @entity4 @entity0 (NS). During treatment, @entity6 was significantly more common among @entity4 @entity0 (24.5% vs. 14.9%; p < 0.011) while @entity5 was more frequent during @entity1 (36.1% vs. 25.6%; p < 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal serum ionized @entity2 concentrations are frequent in @entity3 @entity0 before and during renal replacement. Once dialytic therapy is applied, @entity4 is more likely to lower serum @entity2 concentrations, while @entity1 is more likely to induce @entity5 . Appreciation of these different biochemical effects may assist clinicians in adjusting dialytic therapy in selected @entity0 .

title: Ionized serum @entity2 levels during XXXX : @entity1 vs. Continuous hemodiafiltration.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Achieving "adequacy of dialysis" includes the maintenance of normal serum ionized @entity2 concentrations and is an important therapeutic goal in the treatment of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). It is unknown whether this goal is best achieved with intermittent or continuous renal replacement therapy. METHODS: We compared the effects of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on serum ionized @entity2 concentrations using daily morning blood tests in 88 consecutive intensive care @entity0 of which half were treated with @entity1 and half with CRRT. RESULTS: Mean @entity0 age was 54 +/- 14 years for @entity1 and 60 +/- 14 years for @entity4 (NS). However, @entity0 who received @entity4 were significantly more critically ill (mean APACHE II scores: 24.4 +/- 5.1 for @entity1 vs. 29.2 +/- 5.7 for @entity4 , p < 0.003). Before treatment, the mean ionized @entity2 concentration was 1.177 +/- 0.03 mmol/l for @entity1 and 1.172 +/- 0.04 mmol/l for @entity4 (NS), with abnormal values in 51.6% of @entity1 @entity0 and in 68% of @entity4 @entity0 (NS). During treatment, @entity6 was significantly more common among @entity4 @entity0 (24.5% vs. 14.9%; p < 0.011) while @entity5 was more frequent during @entity1 (36.1% vs. 25.6%; p < 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal serum ionized @entity2 concentrations are frequent in @entity3 @entity0 before and during renal replacement. Once dialytic therapy is applied, @entity4 is more likely to lower serum @entity2 concentrations, while @entity1 is more likely to induce @entity5 . Appreciation of these different biochemical effects may assist clinicians in adjusting dialytic therapy in selected @entity0 .

title: Ionized serum XXXX levels during @entity3 : @entity1 vs. Continuous hemodiafiltration.

answer: @entity2