abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristic and clinical significance of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by lumbar disk herniation. METHODS: A total of 80 male @entity0 from February 2000 to April 2010 in our hospital with lumbar disk herniation underwent an urodynamic test. And they were divided into the normal bladder function group (Group A), the early-stage of @entity1 group (Group B) and the late-stage of @entity1 group (Group C) according to the urodynamic results. LUTS in these @entity0 were assessed by the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and quality of life (QOL) questionnaire. The results were analyzed statistically among these three groups. RESULTS: In Groups A (n=30), B (n=22) and C (n=28), the total IPSS scores were 9.4  4.6, 11.3  3.3 and 15.0  3.4 while the QOL scores 2.1  1.1, 2.2  1.0 and 3.4  1.3 respectively. The total voiding symptom scores were 3.8  2.7, 6.2  2.6 and 10.4  3.1 respectively and the differences were significant (all P<0.05). The total storage symptom scores were 5.6  3.4, 5.1  2.9 and 4.6  2.3 in 3 groups respectively and the difference was insignificant (P>0.05). Between Groups A and B, the differences of total voiding symptom score were significant (P<0.01) while those of the total IPSS and QOL score were insignificant (both P>0.05). Between Groups B and C, the differences of the total IPSS, QOL score and total voiding symptom score were significant (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The LUTS caused by lumbar disk herniation are notable during the late stage of @entity1 . As one typical early manifestation, the voiding symptom may aid an early diagnosis of the disease.

title: [Analysis of lower urinary tract symptoms in XXXX with lumbar disk herniation].

answer: @entity0


abstract: In @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), fast reperfusion is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality. Many @entity0 , however, do not meet the recommended standard times. Among the strategies considered to accomplish this task, prehospital ECG (PH-ECG) is advocated by international guidelines. International and Italian regional registries demonstrate the efficacy of PH-ECG to reduce both @entity1 and first medical contact-to-balloon times in @entity3 @entity0 treated with primary angioplasty. Despite the available evidence, PH-ECG is still underused in the real world, without showing any significant increase in recent years. According to the LombardIMA registry, only 12% of the total population had a PH-ECG; in these @entity0 median @entity1 time was 154 vs 208 min when PH-ECG was not available. Median first medical contact-to-balloon time was 50 and 85 min, respectively. The use of PH-ECG showed also a trend for lower 30-day mortality, though not statistically significant. PH-ECG can also lead to early antithrombotic therapy ( @entity2 , @entity4 or IIb/IIIa inhibitors), which is associated with better angiographic outcome. Data from the LombardIMA registry show that PH-ECG may play a relevant role in the management of @entity3 networks, with less @entity0 admitted to hospital without on-site cath-lab and reduced reperfusion delays in @entity0 transferred from spoke to hub hospitals.

title: [Role of prehospital electrocardiogram in the early diagnosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity6 is a fatal complication of @entity4 that may involve especially the left ventricular free wall, the ventricular septum and the papillary muscle, but also the right ventricular free wall and more rarely the atrium. This complication is responsible for 10-15% of in-hospital deaths after ST-elevation @entity4 . Advanced age, female sex, first @entity5 and @entity2 (in the acute phase of @entity5 ) are the most important risk factors for @entity6 . It occurs typically between 4 and 7 days after the @entity5 but it may also develop within the first 24-48h, particularly in @entity0 undergoing fibrinolytic therapy and in cardiac @entity0 with the following characteristics: 1) recent coronary artery occlusion, 2) transmural @entity1 , 3) poor collateral circulation, and 4) minimal or absent @entity3 . @entity6 should be suspected when sudden or rapidly progressive hemodynamic deterioration occurs. After prompt diagnosis and stabilization, the @entity0 can be operated. The high mortality rate between 5 and 14 days post- @entity5 justifies the urgency of surgical repair, which includes infartectomy and the employment of a Dacron patch and biological glues. Also percutaneous strategies have recently been used in @entity0 with high surgical risk. The most frequently performed surgical techniques for the treatment of @entity6 are described below. By now early diagnosis and surgical treatment are crucial for successful outcome.

title: [Surgical treatment of early complications after ST-elevation XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the temporal changes of serum cytokines @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity6 and @entity4 immediately before and after primary PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and explore the interaction of these cytokines. METHODS: A total of 59 @entity1 @entity0 were recruited. And their serum concentrations of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity6 and @entity4 were measured by ELISA before primary PCI and 4-6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and 7 days post-intervention. For each cytokine, the level at each time-point post-PCI was compared to that at pre-PCI. Correlation coefficient test was used to analyze the interactions of these four cytokines. RESULTS: At 12 hours post-PCI, the median serum levels of @entity2 and @entity3 were higher than those before PCI ( @entity2 : 8.51 ng/L vs 6.76 ng/L, @entity3 : 4.67 ng/L vs 2.95 ng/L, both P < 0.05). At 4-6 hours and 12 hours post-PCI, the median values of @entity6 were increasing significantly compared to those at pre-PCI (35.04 ng/L, 34.24 ng/L vs 30.45 ng/L, both P < 0.05) while those of @entity4 decreased (18.15 ng/L, 18.82 ng/L vs 20.95 ng/L, both P < 0.05). The levels of @entity2 and @entity4 at pre-PCI were associated with the Killip classification on admission ( @entity2 : r = 0.293, P < 0.05; @entity4 : r = -0.287, both P < 0.05). Except for @entity3 , other cytokines had no significant relation with the time length from onset to admission (P > 0.05). Additionally, these four cytokines were not found to be related with the location and extension of @entity1 , ejection fraction and NT-proBNP. At each time-point, there were a positive relationship among the natural logarithms of the concentrations of @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity6 (P < 0.01), all of which were inverse to the natural logarithm of the concentration of @entity4 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The pro-inflammatory cytokines increase while the anti-inflammatory cytokines decrease after @entity5 /reperfusion. An imbalance of inflammatory cytokines may be present.

title: [Temporal changes and interaction of serum cytokines in @entity0 with acute XXXX undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the temporal changes of serum cytokines @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity6 and @entity4 immediately before and after primary PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and explore the interaction of these cytokines. METHODS: A total of 59 @entity1 @entity0 were recruited. And their serum concentrations of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity6 and @entity4 were measured by ELISA before primary PCI and 4-6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and 7 days post-intervention. For each cytokine, the level at each time-point post-PCI was compared to that at pre-PCI. Correlation coefficient test was used to analyze the interactions of these four cytokines. RESULTS: At 12 hours post-PCI, the median serum levels of @entity2 and @entity3 were higher than those before PCI ( @entity2 : 8.51 ng/L vs 6.76 ng/L, @entity3 : 4.67 ng/L vs 2.95 ng/L, both P < 0.05). At 4-6 hours and 12 hours post-PCI, the median values of @entity6 were increasing significantly compared to those at pre-PCI (35.04 ng/L, 34.24 ng/L vs 30.45 ng/L, both P < 0.05) while those of @entity4 decreased (18.15 ng/L, 18.82 ng/L vs 20.95 ng/L, both P < 0.05). The levels of @entity2 and @entity4 at pre-PCI were associated with the Killip classification on admission ( @entity2 : r = 0.293, P < 0.05; @entity4 : r = -0.287, both P < 0.05). Except for @entity3 , other cytokines had no significant relation with the time length from onset to admission (P > 0.05). Additionally, these four cytokines were not found to be related with the location and extension of @entity1 , ejection fraction and NT-proBNP. At each time-point, there were a positive relationship among the natural logarithms of the concentrations of @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity6 (P < 0.01), all of which were inverse to the natural logarithm of the concentration of @entity4 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The pro-inflammatory cytokines increase while the anti-inflammatory cytokines decrease after @entity5 /reperfusion. An imbalance of inflammatory cytokines may be present.

title: [Temporal changes and interaction of serum cytokines in XXXX with acute @entity1 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity5 ) significantly reduces the risk of new skeletal-related events (SREs) in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) who have bone @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the cost and cost-effectiveness of @entity5 in the management of skeletal @entity1 in this population across 5 European countries (France, Germany, United Kingdom, Portugal, and the Netherlands) from the perspective of national health care. METHODS: This cost-effectiveness analysis was based on a subset of @entity0 with @entity3 who were enrolled in a Phase III trial of @entity0 with bone @entity1 secondary to a variety of solid @entity2 . In this trial, @entity0 were randomized to receive @entity5 or placebo every 3 weeks for up to 21 months. Survival, SRE incidence, and number of infusions administered were derived from the clinical trial. Costs of SREs were estimated using hospital Diagnosis Related Group tariffs and published data. Drug, drug administration, and supply costs were obtained from published and internet sources. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated based on the published utilities and modeled survival and frequency of SREs. Uncertainty surrounding outcomes was addressed via univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: Compared with @entity0 receiving placebo (n = 120), @entity0 receiving @entity5 (n = 124) experienced an estimated 0.79 fewer SREs and gained an estimated 0.02 QALYs. @entity5 use in @entity0 with @entity3 and bone @entity1 was associated with a reduction in SRE costs (ranging from    1547 to    1893 [2007-2008    ], depending on the country). After adding drug and drug administration costs, @entity5 use resulted in a net savings of    288 per @entity0 in Germany,    209 in the United Kingdom, and    113 in Portugal. In France and the Netherlands, costs increased (   17 and    178, respectively), but the costs per QALY gained were low (   786 and    8278, respectively). In univariate sensitivity analyses, the cost per QALY for @entity5 versus placebo was  <=   50,000 for all scenarios tested. The results were most sensitive to assumptions regarding survival, number of @entity5 infusions, and the costs of SREs. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that @entity5 cost  <=   50,000 per QALY in 65% to 83% of model simulations (depending on country). However, some degree of uncertainty remained as the 95th percentile of cost per QALY was high. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis is subject to the usual limitations of cost-effectiveness models, which combine assumptions and data from multiple sources. Nevertheless, based on the assumptions used herein, the present model suggests that @entity5 increases QALYs and is cost saving and/or cost effective compared with placebo in @entity0 with @entity3 in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Portugal, and the Netherlands.

title: Cost-effectiveness of XXXX in the management of skeletal @entity1 in @entity0 with lung cancer in France, Germany, Portugal, the Netherlands, and the United kingdom.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity5 ) significantly reduces the risk of new skeletal-related events (SREs) in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) who have bone @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the cost and cost-effectiveness of @entity5 in the management of skeletal @entity1 in this population across 5 European countries (France, Germany, United Kingdom, Portugal, and the Netherlands) from the perspective of national health care. METHODS: This cost-effectiveness analysis was based on a subset of @entity0 with @entity3 who were enrolled in a Phase III trial of @entity0 with bone @entity1 secondary to a variety of solid @entity2 . In this trial, @entity0 were randomized to receive @entity5 or placebo every 3 weeks for up to 21 months. Survival, SRE incidence, and number of infusions administered were derived from the clinical trial. Costs of SREs were estimated using hospital Diagnosis Related Group tariffs and published data. Drug, drug administration, and supply costs were obtained from published and internet sources. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated based on the published utilities and modeled survival and frequency of SREs. Uncertainty surrounding outcomes was addressed via univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: Compared with @entity0 receiving placebo (n = 120), @entity0 receiving @entity5 (n = 124) experienced an estimated 0.79 fewer SREs and gained an estimated 0.02 QALYs. @entity5 use in @entity0 with @entity3 and bone @entity1 was associated with a reduction in SRE costs (ranging from    1547 to    1893 [2007-2008    ], depending on the country). After adding drug and drug administration costs, @entity5 use resulted in a net savings of    288 per @entity0 in Germany,    209 in the United Kingdom, and    113 in Portugal. In France and the Netherlands, costs increased (   17 and    178, respectively), but the costs per QALY gained were low (   786 and    8278, respectively). In univariate sensitivity analyses, the cost per QALY for @entity5 versus placebo was  <=   50,000 for all scenarios tested. The results were most sensitive to assumptions regarding survival, number of @entity5 infusions, and the costs of SREs. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that @entity5 cost  <=   50,000 per QALY in 65% to 83% of model simulations (depending on country). However, some degree of uncertainty remained as the 95th percentile of cost per QALY was high. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis is subject to the usual limitations of cost-effectiveness models, which combine assumptions and data from multiple sources. Nevertheless, based on the assumptions used herein, the present model suggests that @entity5 increases QALYs and is cost saving and/or cost effective compared with placebo in @entity0 with @entity3 in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Portugal, and the Netherlands.

title: Cost-effectiveness of @entity4 in the management of skeletal XXXX in @entity0 with lung cancer in France, Germany, Portugal, the Netherlands, and the United kingdom.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity5 ) significantly reduces the risk of new skeletal-related events (SREs) in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) who have bone @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the cost and cost-effectiveness of @entity5 in the management of skeletal @entity1 in this population across 5 European countries (France, Germany, United Kingdom, Portugal, and the Netherlands) from the perspective of national health care. METHODS: This cost-effectiveness analysis was based on a subset of @entity0 with @entity3 who were enrolled in a Phase III trial of @entity0 with bone @entity1 secondary to a variety of solid @entity2 . In this trial, @entity0 were randomized to receive @entity5 or placebo every 3 weeks for up to 21 months. Survival, SRE incidence, and number of infusions administered were derived from the clinical trial. Costs of SREs were estimated using hospital Diagnosis Related Group tariffs and published data. Drug, drug administration, and supply costs were obtained from published and internet sources. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated based on the published utilities and modeled survival and frequency of SREs. Uncertainty surrounding outcomes was addressed via univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: Compared with @entity0 receiving placebo (n = 120), @entity0 receiving @entity5 (n = 124) experienced an estimated 0.79 fewer SREs and gained an estimated 0.02 QALYs. @entity5 use in @entity0 with @entity3 and bone @entity1 was associated with a reduction in SRE costs (ranging from    1547 to    1893 [2007-2008    ], depending on the country). After adding drug and drug administration costs, @entity5 use resulted in a net savings of    288 per @entity0 in Germany,    209 in the United Kingdom, and    113 in Portugal. In France and the Netherlands, costs increased (   17 and    178, respectively), but the costs per QALY gained were low (   786 and    8278, respectively). In univariate sensitivity analyses, the cost per QALY for @entity5 versus placebo was  <=   50,000 for all scenarios tested. The results were most sensitive to assumptions regarding survival, number of @entity5 infusions, and the costs of SREs. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that @entity5 cost  <=   50,000 per QALY in 65% to 83% of model simulations (depending on country). However, some degree of uncertainty remained as the 95th percentile of cost per QALY was high. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis is subject to the usual limitations of cost-effectiveness models, which combine assumptions and data from multiple sources. Nevertheless, based on the assumptions used herein, the present model suggests that @entity5 increases QALYs and is cost saving and/or cost effective compared with placebo in @entity0 with @entity3 in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Portugal, and the Netherlands.

title: Cost-effectiveness of @entity4 in the management of skeletal @entity1 in XXXX with lung cancer in France, Germany, Portugal, the Netherlands, and the United kingdom.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 is a frequent disorder since it affects about 1% of the general population. Drug compliance, that is to say @entity0 ' adherence to their treatment, remains rather poor concerning this disease with, on an average, one @entity0 out of two not complying with his/her medication. Among the factors influencing drug compliance, we focused on @entity0 ' beliefs in terms of health control, a concept known as health locus of control. This is a concept that originated from social psychology and derived from the Rotters' original concept of locus of control: it corresponds to the type of connexion established by an individual between subsequent events in the history of his/her disease and internal (personal abilities) or external factors (chance, powerful others). Nowadays, the tridimensional structure of this concept is commonly admitted as being in three dimensions: internality, chance externality and powerful others externality, the latter group being divided between doctors and others. We have assumed that there is a correlation between the degree of drug compliance and the internal and/or doctors' external health locus of control. For this purpose, we have determined the quality of drug compliance by using the Medical Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) and the type of health locus of control by using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale among 65 @entity2 @entity0 . We have also considered it was important to evaluate @entity0 ' insight by using the Amador's scale (Scale of Unawareness of @entity1 ) because many researchers have established a strong correlation between insight and drug compliance in @entity2 . Associations between the four dimensions of health locus of control ("internal", "chance external", "others external" and "doctors' external") and drug compliance were assessed by estimating Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) and its degree of significance (p). These associations were judged significant at an alpha threshold of 5%, which corresponded to a level of p inferior to 0.05. Our results tend to confirm a statistically significant positive correlation between internal (r=0.25; p=0.043) and/or doctors' external (r=0.27; p=0.027) health locus of control and drug compliance. Conversely, there is no correlation between chance external or others' external health locus of control and drug compliance (p>0.05). This means that the more @entity0 believe that their @entity2 can be controlled by themselves and/or by doctors, the more they follow their prescriptions. Furthermore, the link between health locus of control and drug compliance appears to be confused by two dimensions of insight, namely awareness of the response to the treatment and perceived need for treatment. An application of these results is that, in the case of @entity0 whose health locus of control is chance or others' external, it can be beneficial to attempt to change their beliefs in order to improve drug compliance. These results hold particular interest in the field of psycho-education and can be directly applied to cognitive therapy for beliefs among stabilized @entity2 @entity0 .

title: [Drug compliance and health locus of control in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recent study demonstrated a close relationship between cerebellum atrophy and symptom severity of pediatric maltreatment-related @entity2 ( @entity2 ). It has also been known that females are more vulnerable than males in developing @entity1 after exposure to traumatic stress. The mechanisms are unknown. Because cannabinoid receptors (CB    and CB   ) are neuroprotective and highly expressed in the cerebellum, we investigated cerebellar CB expression in stressed @entity0 . Young male and female @entity0 were given 40 unpredictable electric tail-shocks for 2h daily on 3 consecutive days. CB    and CB    mRNA and protein levels in @entity0 cerebellum and brain stem were determined using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant gender and stress effects on cerebellar CB    mRNA expression, with females and non-stressed @entity0 exhibiting higher CB    mRNA levels than the males (3 fold, p<0.01) and stressed @entity0 (30%, p<0.01), respectively. CB    and CB    mRNA levels in brain stem were also greater in female @entity0 than males (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). Repeated stress increased the level of phosphorylated CB    receptors, the inactivated CB   , in @entity0 cerebellum (p<0.01), particularly in female @entity0 as revealed by the significant gender   stress interaction. Thus, repeated severe stress caused greater CB    mRNA suppression and CB    receptor phosphorylation in female cerebellum that could lead to increased susceptibility to stress-related @entity1 including @entity2 .

title: Cannabinoid receptor expression and phosphorylation are differentially regulated between male and female cerebellum and brain stem after repeated stress: implication for XXXX and drug abuse.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are two approaches in lung-volume reduction surgery (LVRS). This study focused on the two surgical approaches with regard to @entity2 . METHODS: In this prospective, non-randomized study, @entity1 was measured preoperatively and postoperatively using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the brief @entity1 inventory (BPI). Incentive spirometry (IS) assessed restriction of the thoracic cage due to @entity1 . Factors associated with treatment complications, medication usage, hospital stay, operating times, and chest-tube duration differences were examined between groups. RESULTS: Of 85 @entity0 undergoing LVRS, 23 @entity0 underwent reduction via @entity5 and 62 @entity0 via bilateral VATS. VAS scores revealed no difference in @entity2 except for VAS scores on days 6 (PM) and 7 (PM). BPI scores yielded higher scores in the VATS group on postoperative day (POD) 1 in the reactive dimension, but no other overall differences. @entity5 @entity0 receiving @entity4 consumed a higher mean amount than VATS @entity0 on POD 5 and POD 6. IS change from baseline to postoperative were similar between groups, and increased @entity1 correlated with decreased IS scores on @entity3 . Chest-tube duration, complications, and @entity1 medication were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral VATS and @entity5 offer similar outcomes with regard to @entity2 and complications. These results suggest that the choice of LVRS operative approach should be dependent on disease presentation, surgeon expertise, and @entity0 preference, not based upon differences in perceived @entity2 between @entity5 and bilateral VATS.

title: Sternotomy or bilateral thoracoscopy: XXXX and postoperative complications after lung-volume reduction surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Background. With modern CT imaging a comprehensive overview of cerebral macro- and microcirculation can be obtained within minutes in acute @entity2 . This opens for @entity0 stratification and individualized treatment. Methods. Four @entity0 with acute @entity2 of different aetiologies and/or treatments were chosen for illustration of the comprehensive CT protocol and its value in subsequent treatment decisions. The @entity0 were clinically evaluated according to the NIHSS-scale, examined with the comprehensive CT protocol including both CT angiography and CT perfusion, and followed up by MRI. Results. The comprehensive CT examination protocol increased the examination time but did not delay treatment initiation. In some cases CT angiography revealed the cause of @entity1 while CT perfusion located and graded the perfusion defect with reasonable accuracy, confirmed by follow-up MR-diffusion. In the presented cases findings of the comprehensive CT examination influenced the treatment strategy. Conclusions. The comprehensive CT examination is a fast and safe method allowing accurate diagnosis and making way for individualized treatment in acute @entity2 .

title: Comprehensive CT Evaluation in Acute XXXX : Impact on Diagnosis and Treatment Decisions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: Assessment of safety and efficacy profile of @entity4 (DSM) in the alcoholic de-addiction regimen. OBJECTIVES: a. Assessment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) profile; b. Evaluation of effectiveness of various deaddiction regimen; c. Defaulters and dropouts @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty-one @entity0 in a de-addiction center were investigated on 0(th) , 30(th) and 60(th) day along with psychiatric evaluation, @entity1 surveillance was made. Statistical analysis was done thereafter. RESULTS: 125 mg DSM given OD for 2 months. 76.5% @entity0 had taken full course of treatment, 45% didn't complain of any @entity1 . Of @entity1 reported 27.4% had drowsiness, 21.4% tiredness, 7.8% skin manifestation. CONCLUSION: DSM is the main drug among @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity6 and other drugs used in alcoholic de-addiction. Relative and effectiveness is lost by the degree of dropouts and hence relapses. Low-dose DSM had decreased adverse effects with 76.5% @entity0 taking the full course of treatment. DSM alters liver functions as there were significant changes in the lab parameters of SGPT(P=0.007), SGOT(P=0.001), GGT(P=<0.001) between first and third samples. Occurrence of @entity1 is not the cause of default; @entity0 find it confusing to differentiate between the symptoms of @entity2 withdrawal and those due to @entity1 of DSM.

title: Status of XXXX in present day alcoholic deaddiction therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Risk stratification in acute coronary syndromes is an important diagnostic tool guiding future therapy. We evaluated the correlation between the AHCPR (Agency for Health Care Policy and Research) risk classification and angiographic morphology in @entity0 with non-ST-segment elevation @entity3 (NSTE-ACS). STUDY DESIGN: A total of 163 @entity0 hospitalized with the diagnosis of NSTE-ACS were prospectively enrolled. All the @entity0 underwent AHCPR risk analysis followed by coronary angiography. Based on the AHCPR system, the @entity0 were classified as low (n=25, mean age 55  10 years), intermediate (n=55, mean age 58  10 years), and high (n=83, mean age 61  11 years) risk groups. RESULTS: The three groups were similar with regard to gender, age, and @entity1 risk factors (p>0.05). Comparison of the high-risk group with intermediate+low-risk group with regard to lesion morphology showed significantly higher rates of complex lesions (31.9% vs. 4.0%, p=0.001), total occlusion (23.2% vs. 0%, p=0.001), and intracoronary @entity2 (13% vs. 2%, p=0.02) in the high-risk group. In univariate analysis, high risk was significantly associated with the presence of complex lesion, total occlusion, intracoronary @entity2 , and TIMI flow <III. Of these, only the presence of complex lesion (p=0.005) and TIMI flow <III (p=0.02) were associated with high risk in multivariate analyses. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that the incidence of high-risk coronary morphology is increased in NSTE-ACS @entity0 having a high-risk profile according to the AHCPR classification.

title: Correlation between the AHCPR (Agency For Health Care Policy and Research) risk stratification and angiographic morphology in non-ST-segment elevation XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Ventricular mural @entity1 especially in the left ventricle represent an increased risk for life-threatening @entity6 . We present a case of @entity8 originating from an inferobasal @entity7 . A 25-year-old male @entity0 presented with complaints of palpitation, @entity9 , and dizziness of two-hour onset. The electrocardiogram showed wide-QRS @entity2 at which time his blood pressure was 80/40 mmHg. The @entity0 suddenly developed @entity4 and @entity8 was diagnosed on the monitor, and he returned to sinus rhythm following successful cardioversion. He remained stable during hospitalization. The electrocardiogram was in sinus rhythm with @entity3 and small Q waves in inferior leads. He had an eight-year history of surgery for @entity10 closure, during which a @entity1 was detected but left untreated. Echocardiographic examination showed a @entity5 aneurysmal region extending from the inferobasal segment to the posterior wall of the left ventricle. Coronary arteries were normal on angiography, and ventriculography confirmed the @entity1 . Electrophysiologic study was recommended, but the @entity0 refused any treatment. He remained asymptomatic during 18 months of follow-up.

title: [ @entity8 caused by a @entity7 in a @entity0 with previous surgery for XXXX ].

answer: @entity10


abstract: Ventricular mural @entity1 especially in the left ventricle represent an increased risk for life-threatening @entity6 . We present a case of @entity8 originating from an inferobasal @entity7 . A 25-year-old male @entity0 presented with complaints of palpitation, @entity9 , and dizziness of two-hour onset. The electrocardiogram showed wide-QRS @entity2 at which time his blood pressure was 80/40 mmHg. The @entity0 suddenly developed @entity4 and @entity8 was diagnosed on the monitor, and he returned to sinus rhythm following successful cardioversion. He remained stable during hospitalization. The electrocardiogram was in sinus rhythm with @entity3 and small Q waves in inferior leads. He had an eight-year history of surgery for @entity10 closure, during which a @entity1 was detected but left untreated. Echocardiographic examination showed a @entity5 aneurysmal region extending from the inferobasal segment to the posterior wall of the left ventricle. Coronary arteries were normal on angiography, and ventriculography confirmed the @entity1 . Electrophysiologic study was recommended, but the @entity0 refused any treatment. He remained asymptomatic during 18 months of follow-up.

title: [ XXXX caused by a @entity7 in a @entity0 with previous surgery for @entity10 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: Ventricular mural @entity1 especially in the left ventricle represent an increased risk for life-threatening @entity6 . We present a case of @entity8 originating from an inferobasal @entity7 . A 25-year-old male @entity0 presented with complaints of palpitation, @entity9 , and dizziness of two-hour onset. The electrocardiogram showed wide-QRS @entity2 at which time his blood pressure was 80/40 mmHg. The @entity0 suddenly developed @entity4 and @entity8 was diagnosed on the monitor, and he returned to sinus rhythm following successful cardioversion. He remained stable during hospitalization. The electrocardiogram was in sinus rhythm with @entity3 and small Q waves in inferior leads. He had an eight-year history of surgery for @entity10 closure, during which a @entity1 was detected but left untreated. Echocardiographic examination showed a @entity5 aneurysmal region extending from the inferobasal segment to the posterior wall of the left ventricle. Coronary arteries were normal on angiography, and ventriculography confirmed the @entity1 . Electrophysiologic study was recommended, but the @entity0 refused any treatment. He remained asymptomatic during 18 months of follow-up.

title: [ @entity8 caused by a XXXX in a @entity0 with previous surgery for @entity10 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Ventricular mural @entity1 especially in the left ventricle represent an increased risk for life-threatening @entity6 . We present a case of @entity8 originating from an inferobasal @entity7 . A 25-year-old male @entity0 presented with complaints of palpitation, @entity9 , and dizziness of two-hour onset. The electrocardiogram showed wide-QRS @entity2 at which time his blood pressure was 80/40 mmHg. The @entity0 suddenly developed @entity4 and @entity8 was diagnosed on the monitor, and he returned to sinus rhythm following successful cardioversion. He remained stable during hospitalization. The electrocardiogram was in sinus rhythm with @entity3 and small Q waves in inferior leads. He had an eight-year history of surgery for @entity10 closure, during which a @entity1 was detected but left untreated. Echocardiographic examination showed a @entity5 aneurysmal region extending from the inferobasal segment to the posterior wall of the left ventricle. Coronary arteries were normal on angiography, and ventriculography confirmed the @entity1 . Electrophysiologic study was recommended, but the @entity0 refused any treatment. He remained asymptomatic during 18 months of follow-up.

title: [ @entity8 caused by a @entity7 in a XXXX with previous surgery for @entity10 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A biomechanical study using @entity0 cadaveric lumbar spines. OBJECTIVES: To determine the strength and stiffness of 3 @entity2 fiber cage designs in axial compression. To assess the effects of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on vertebral endplate failure with respect to the different cage patterns. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Unilateral transforaminal approaches are gaining popularity compared with posterolateral lumbar interbody fusion. With differences in the inherent strengths of each quadrant of the endplate, the effect of different cage designs and their location on the endplate may affect subsidence and fusion success. METHODS: @entity1 measurements were obtained from 30 @entity0 spinal segments from L3 to L5. Discectomies were performed and cages were placed on the cephalad endplate of each vertebra in 3 configurations: 2 small posterolateral rectangular cages; 1 small anterior banana cage; and 1 small central rectangular cage. Each segment was tested under compression until endplate failure was recorded. Two-way analysis of variance was used to test for the effects of cage design on cage subsidence and endplate failure. Analysis of covariance was conducted to test for the effects of age, @entity1 , and vertebral levels on the failure load and stiffness for each cage design. RESULTS: Cage design was not significant in affecting failure force across the endplate. There were insignificant differences comparing stiffness in compression for the 3 different cage placements patterns. Low @entity1 adversely affected failure force and construct stiffness across all 3 cage patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Cage design and position do not significantly affect failure of the construct or stiffness in compression across the endplate. @entity1 significantly affects both failure forces and stiffness but is not dependent on the positioning or design of the cage.

title: The effects of design and positioning of XXXX fiber lumbar interbody cages and their subsidence in vertebral bodies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent advances in skull base and microsurgical techniques minimize the need for brain retraction. OBJECTIVE: We studied the impact of such techniques in 36 @entity0 (51 @entity7 ) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Preoperative and 24 hours postoperative MR imaging was performed in @entity0 undergoing microsurgical clipping of @entity6 . Images were evaluated for parenchymal signal changes. During surgery, use and time of brain retraction were recorded. The degree of @entity5 was quantified using a 0 to 3 scale (grade 0 = normal surface; 1 = pial/ @entity2 ; 2 = gray matter injury; 3 = contusion/ @entity3 ). RESULTS: Brain retraction by use of a brain spatula was used in all @entity0 . Retraction times ranged from 14 to 290 minutes (mean, 84.1). Cortical surface changes were grade 0 in 86% and grade 1 in 14%; none showed grade 2 or 3 changes. In the postoperative MRI, 4 @entity0 presented with parenchymal alterations, 4 with @entity1 (11.1%), and 1 @entity0 had additional contusion (2.8%). All lesions were confined to the temporal pole. The grade of cortical surface changes was not related to lesions found on MR imaging. No @entity0 showed retraction-related @entity4 . CONCLUSION: The incidence of evident mechanical parenchymal injury ( @entity8 or contusion) is very low when appropriate microsurgical and skull base techniques are used. Minor pia- @entity5 should nevertheless continue to be attended through future advances.

title: The impact of minimizing brain retraction in XXXX surgery: evaluation using magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity6 ) has shown potential as an anxiolytic for treatment of generalized and @entity0 . @entity6 binds to voltage-dependent @entity1 channels, leading to upregulation of @entity4 inhibitory activity and reduction in the release of various neurotransmitters. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies indicate that selective @entity2 reuptake inhibitors and @entity3 attenuate amygdala, insula, and medial prefrontal cortex activation during anticipation and emotional processing in healthy controls. The aim of this study was to examine whether acute @entity6 administration would attenuate activation in these regions during emotional anticipation. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study, 16 healthy controls completed a paradigm involving anticipation of negative and positive affective images during fMRI approximately 1   h after administration of placebo, 50, or 200   mg @entity6 . Linear mixed model analysis revealed that @entity6 was associated with (1) decreases in left amygdala and anterior insula activation and (2) increases in anterior cingulate (ACC) activation, during anticipation of positive and negative stimuli. There was also a region of the anterior amygdala in which @entity6 dose was associated with increased activation during anticipation of negative and decreased activation during anticipation of positive stimuli. Attenuation of amygdala and insula activation during anticipatory or emotional processing may represent a common regional brain mechanism for anxiolytics across drug classes. @entity6 induced increases in ACC activation could be a unique effect related to top-down modulation of affective processing. These results provide further support for the viability of using pharmaco-fMRI to determine the anxiolytic potential of pharmacologic agents.

title: XXXX influences insula and amygdala activation during anticipation of emotional images.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is characterized by scapular maldescent and malposition, causing restriction of shoulder and cervical spine movements. It is associated with a variety of other @entity3 . Various surgical procedures have been described to treat this anomaly with no consensus as to the surgical procedure of choice. We report the results of the Mears procedure in the treatment of @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven @entity0 between the age group of two and six years were treated for @entity5 , with omovertebral bar, and other @entity3 . The Cavendish score and Rigault radiological score were used to assess the severity of the @entity1 , and the position of the scapula relative to the cervical spine, respectively. The Mears procedure involved scapular osteotomy, par tial scapular excision, and release of a long head of triceps. @entity6 was done only in two cases to decrease the risk of @entity2 to the brachial plexus. Postoperatively, the @entity0 were immobilized in a shoulder sling and range of motion exercises were started as early as possible. The @entity0 were followed regularly at six weeks, three months and regularly at six-months interval. RESULTS: The mean improvement in flexion and abduction was 45    (40 - 70   ) and 50    (40 - 70   ), respectively, which was the combined glenohumeral and thoracoscapular movement. The cosmetic and functional improvement by this procedure was acceptable to the @entity0 . Minor scar @entity4 was seen in two cases. CONCLUSION: The Mears procedure gives excellent cosmetic and functional results. This procedure addresses the functional aspect of the @entity1 and is much more acceptable to the @entity0 and parents.

title: Outcome of Mears procedure for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of BISAP score in finding out the frequency of severity and mortality in @entity0 with acute @entity3 by comparing it with @entity2 . STUDY DESIGN: Crosse-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, from April to December 2010. METHODOLOGY: Atotal of 80 @entity0 who presented in emergency with acute @entity3 were included by consecutive non probability sampling technique. Cases of acute @entity3 were classified as mild or severe based on the organ failure criteria and/or local complications according to the Atlanta Symposium. All @entity0 were scored according to both @entity2 and BISAP score. RESULTS: Out of 80 @entity0 , 35 (44%) were males and 45 (56%) were females. The mean age was 46.89    15.75 years. Twenty five @entity0 (31.25%) were classified as severe acute @entity3 and 3 @entity0 (3.75%) had evidence of @entity1 on CT scan. The duration of hospital stay was 1 - 54 days with a mean of 13.12    12.83 days and mortality rate was 5%. The number of @entity0 with a BISAP score of >=  3 was 15 and @entity2 >=  3 was 25. The observed incidence of severe disease stratified by the BISAP score has (p < 0.001) and by @entity2 has (p < 0.001). In regards to mortality, @entity0 having BISAP score >=  3 has p=0.003, while @entity0 having @entity2 >=  3 has p=0.002, both are statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The newly proposed BISAP score is a simple and accurate tool for severity stratification and is equally effective in finding out frequency of severity and in turns mortality in @entity0 with acute @entity3 as @entity2 .

title: Comparison of BISAP Score with Ranson's Score in Determining the Severity of Acute XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vertebral column resection is associated with a risk of @entity2 . In the present study, using a @entity0 model, we aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in spinal cord volume and @entity2 due to spinal shortening, and to quantify the spinal cord volume @entity3 -mm height in order to clarify a safe limit for shortening. Vertebral column resection was performed at T10 in 10 @entity0 . The spinal cord was shortened until the somatosensory-evoked potential was decreased by 50% from the baseline amplitude or delayed by 10% relative to the baseline peak latency. A wake-up test was performed, and the @entity0 were observed for two days postoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the spinal cord volume, T10 height, disc height, @entity1 , and spinal segment height pre- and postoperatively. Two of the 10 @entity0 were excluded, and hence, only data from eight @entity0 were analyzed. The somatosensory-evoked potential of these eight @entity0 demonstrated meaningful changes. With regard to neurologic function, five and three @entity0 were classified as Tarlov grades 5 and 4 at two days postoperatively. The mean shortening distance was 23.6    1.51 mm, which correlated with the d-value (post-pre) of the spinal cord volume @entity3 -mm height of the osteotomy segment (r = 0.95, p < 0.001) and with the height of the T10 body (r = 0.79, p = 0.02). The mean d-value (post-pre) of the spinal cord volume @entity3 -mm height of the osteotomy segment was 142.87    0.59 mm3 (range, 142.19-143.67 mm3). The limit for shortening was approximately 106% of the vertebral height. The mean volumes of the osteotomy and spinal segments did not significantly change after surgery (t = 0.310, p = 0.765 and t = 1.241, p = 0.255, respectively). Thus, our results indicate that the safe limit for shortening can be calculated using the change in spinal cord volume @entity3 -mm height.

title: Relationship between Spinal Cord Volume and XXXX due to Spinal Shortening.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CT characteristics of newly developed @entity1 on CT studies obtained during follow-up of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) before the appearance of identifiable @entity2 to the time of @entity1 and thereafter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample included 66 @entity2 diagnosed in 63 @entity0 with @entity1 (59 @entity0 , four @entity0 ; median age, 64 years; range, 40-85 years) between October 1998 and July 2012. Two radiologists independently reviewed 193 CT scans, determined the earliest presence of @entity2 and @entity4 , and evaluated @entity2 size, lobar and axial location, shape, and @entity2 density. Delay in clinical diagnosis and doubling time were measured with first and second follow-up CT examinations. RESULTS: Interobserver agreement was good (k > 0.77). The median @entity2 size was 17 mm (range, 5-30 mm) for the 46 T1a and 20 T1b @entity2 . Most of the @entity2 (42 [63.6%]) were located in the lower lobes. Thirty-five @entity2 (53.0%) were at the interface between fibrotic cyst and normal lung, and 21 (31.8%) were in the midst of fibrotic @entity3 . Most of the @entity2 had a round or oval shape (52 [78.8%]) and were solid (62 [93.9%]). The median delay in diagnosis was 46 days (range, 8-760 days). The first median doubling time was 77 days (range, 15-525 days), and the second was 53 days (27-248). CONCLUSION: New @entity1 during CT follow-up of @entity4 usually appear as small solid nodules with a round or oval shape. Most @entity2 are located at the interface between fibrotic cyst and normal lung or in the midst of @entity3 .

title: Evolving Early Lung Cancers Detected During Follow-Up of XXXX : Serial CT Features.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated outcomes by @entity1 type in @entity0 who underwent resection of liver metastases from @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity4 , and other @entity2 . METHOD: Our institutional liver database was used to identify @entity0 who underwent resection from 1998 through 2013. Histopathological, clinical, and survival data were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred forty-six @entity0 underwent resection of liver metastases from @entity3 (n   =   49), @entity4 (n   =   47), or other @entity2 (n   =   50). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates in @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity4 , and other @entity2 were 55.3, 48.4, and 44.9  %, respectively, and the 10-year OS rates were 52.5, 9.2, and 23.0  %, respectively. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate was better for @entity3 (35.7  %; p   =   0.003) than for @entity4 (3.4  %) and other @entity2 (21.4  %). Lung recurrence was more common for @entity4 (36  % of @entity0 ; p   <   0.0001) than for other @entity2 (12  %) and @entity3 (2  %). For @entity3 , the findings support a benefit of @entity5 regarding the 5-year RFS rate compared to resection alone (47.1 vs. 9.5  %; p   =   0.013). For @entity4 , @entity1 location did not affect the 5-year RFS rate (intraabdominal 14.5  %; other location 0  %; p   =   0.182). CONCLUSION: Liver metastases from @entity3 , @entity4 , and other @entity2 should be assessed separately as their survival and recurrence patterns are different. This is especially important for @entity3 , for which @entity5 is now available.

title: Survival After Resection of Gastrointestinal XXXX and Sarcoma Liver Metastases in 146 @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated outcomes by @entity1 type in @entity0 who underwent resection of liver metastases from @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity4 , and other @entity2 . METHOD: Our institutional liver database was used to identify @entity0 who underwent resection from 1998 through 2013. Histopathological, clinical, and survival data were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred forty-six @entity0 underwent resection of liver metastases from @entity3 (n   =   49), @entity4 (n   =   47), or other @entity2 (n   =   50). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates in @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity4 , and other @entity2 were 55.3, 48.4, and 44.9  %, respectively, and the 10-year OS rates were 52.5, 9.2, and 23.0  %, respectively. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate was better for @entity3 (35.7  %; p   =   0.003) than for @entity4 (3.4  %) and other @entity2 (21.4  %). Lung recurrence was more common for @entity4 (36  % of @entity0 ; p   <   0.0001) than for other @entity2 (12  %) and @entity3 (2  %). For @entity3 , the findings support a benefit of @entity5 regarding the 5-year RFS rate compared to resection alone (47.1 vs. 9.5  %; p   =   0.013). For @entity4 , @entity1 location did not affect the 5-year RFS rate (intraabdominal 14.5  %; other location 0  %; p   =   0.182). CONCLUSION: Liver metastases from @entity3 , @entity4 , and other @entity2 should be assessed separately as their survival and recurrence patterns are different. This is especially important for @entity3 , for which @entity5 is now available.

title: Survival After Resection of Gastrointestinal @entity1 and Sarcoma Liver Metastases in 146 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the medial and lateral posterior tibial slope (MPTS, @entity4 ) in @entity0 with acutely ruptured ACL on the menisci. It was hypothesized that medial and lateral meniscus lesions are seen more often with high PTS (posterior tibial slope). We hypothesized that in case of a high tibial slope a possible @entity1 is more often located in the posterior horn of the meniscus than in knees with a low tibial slope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 537 @entity0 with ACL insufficiency between 2012 and 2013. Of these, 71 @entity0 were eligible for the study according to the study's criteria. PTS was measured via MRI and classified into two groups: >10   for high tibial slope and  <=10   for low tibial slope. Any @entity1 was documented during arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and evaluated regarding @entity1 patterns with high and low PTS, taking into account the type and the location of the tear (anterior horn, intermediate part and posterior horn). Statistical analysis for differences in @entity1 was performed using Chi-square tests and McNemar tests for dependent variables. The level of significance was set at p   <=  0.05. RESULTS: High PTS (MPTS and @entity4 ) was associated with a higher incidence of @entity1 with an odds ratio of 2.11, respectively, 3.44; however, no statistical significance was found. Among the total number of @entity3 knees studied, the @entity1 spread more often to the posterior part in the group with a low PTS. In contrast, less damage of the posterior horn of the meniscus could be found in the group with a high PTS. CONCLUSION: High PTS seems to predetermine for @entity1 in an acute @entity3 knee. More damage to the posterior part of the menisci could generally be seen but was not associated with a high PTS. There was no statistical significance to support the initial hypothesis. Further research is needed to find out if factors other than tibial slope are risk factors for @entity1 in acute @entity2 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

title: The effect of tibial slope in acute XXXX @entity0 on concurrent meniscal tears.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the medial and lateral posterior tibial slope (MPTS, @entity4 ) in @entity0 with acutely ruptured ACL on the menisci. It was hypothesized that medial and lateral meniscus lesions are seen more often with high PTS (posterior tibial slope). We hypothesized that in case of a high tibial slope a possible @entity1 is more often located in the posterior horn of the meniscus than in knees with a low tibial slope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 537 @entity0 with ACL insufficiency between 2012 and 2013. Of these, 71 @entity0 were eligible for the study according to the study's criteria. PTS was measured via MRI and classified into two groups: >10   for high tibial slope and  <=10   for low tibial slope. Any @entity1 was documented during arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and evaluated regarding @entity1 patterns with high and low PTS, taking into account the type and the location of the tear (anterior horn, intermediate part and posterior horn). Statistical analysis for differences in @entity1 was performed using Chi-square tests and McNemar tests for dependent variables. The level of significance was set at p   <=  0.05. RESULTS: High PTS (MPTS and @entity4 ) was associated with a higher incidence of @entity1 with an odds ratio of 2.11, respectively, 3.44; however, no statistical significance was found. Among the total number of @entity3 knees studied, the @entity1 spread more often to the posterior part in the group with a low PTS. In contrast, less damage of the posterior horn of the meniscus could be found in the group with a high PTS. CONCLUSION: High PTS seems to predetermine for @entity1 in an acute @entity3 knee. More damage to the posterior part of the menisci could generally be seen but was not associated with a high PTS. There was no statistical significance to support the initial hypothesis. Further research is needed to find out if factors other than tibial slope are risk factors for @entity1 in acute @entity2 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

title: The effect of tibial slope in acute @entity3 XXXX on concurrent meniscal tears.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate our technique of thyroid fine-needle @entity2 cytology (FNAC), its limitations and means of improvement by comparing our results with those of literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thyroid FNAC results from 117 consecutive @entity0 (May 2006 to July 2007) were categorized into four groups: benign, with suspected @entity1 , malignant and unrepresentative. The FNAC results were compared with histopathologic analysis after thyroidectomy. RESULTS: All "benign" and "malignant" FNAC findings were confirmed on final histology. All "suspect" FNAC findings were benign on histology. Cytological diagnosis of @entity1 was consistent with histological examination in all cases. Sensitivity was 100% (no false negatives), specificity 67% (28% false positives), positive predictive value 72% and negative predictive value 100%. There was a significant difference in the proportion of "unrepresentative" results between two of the operators performing @entity2 (51% versus 29.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The main pitfall of FNAC in thyroid pathology is the "suspect" category, for which positive diagnosis is founded on histological criteria alone. The second limitation identified in this study was the high number of "unrepresentative" aspirates. However, the technique remains useful.

title: Interest of fine-needle XXXX cytology in thyroid nodule.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Norovirus continues to pose a significant burden on cruise ships, causing an average of 27 confirmed outbreaks annually over the past 5 years. In January 2009, the report of a suspected norovirus outbreak among passengers on a cruise @entity3 prompted an investigation. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study among passengers was conducted on board the @entity3 . Questionnaires about health care-seeking behaviors, hygiene practices, and possible norovirus exposures were placed in every cabin. Stool samples from several ill passengers were tested for norovirus by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and confirmed by sequence analysis. RESULTS: Of 1842 passengers, 1532 (83.2%) returned questionnaires, and 236 (15.4% of @entity0 ) met the case definition. Of these, 95 (40%) did not report to the infirmary. Case passengers were significantly more likely to have an ill cabin mate (relative risk [RR] = 3.0; P < .01) and to have witnessed @entity1 during boarding (RR = 2.8; P = .01). Over 90% of all passengers reported increased hand hygiene practices following the outbreak; 38% of ill passengers and 11% of well passengers decreased participation in public activities. Of 14 samples tested, 12 were positive for norovirus by RT-qPCR; 5 of these were confirmed by sequence analysis and typed as GII.4 Minerva. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 -to- @entity0 transmission, including an incident of @entity1 during boarding, likely contributed to this high morbidity outbreak. Infirmary surveillance detected only 60% of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) cases involved in this outbreak. Adjustments to outbreak reporting thresholds may be needed to account for incomplete @entity2 reporting and to more rapidly implement control measures.

title: Disease transmission and passenger behaviors during a high morbidity Norovirus outbreak on a cruise XXXX , January 2009.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: This study examined the association between @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among the @entity1 at the primary care level. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) was the main independent variable and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief the dependent variable. Besides socio-demographic data, @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were included as covariates. Independent association between the MMAS score and HRQoL was done using multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The @entity0 ' response rate was 93.1  % (700/752). Majorities were female (52.8  %), Malay (52.9  %) and married (79.1  %). The mean (SD) for age and the MMAS score was 56.9 (10.18) and 5.6 (1.42), respectively. MMAS total score correlated significantly with all HRQoL domains: overall QoL (OQoL) (r  =  0.17), physical QoL (r  =  0.11), psychological QoL (r  =  0.10), social relationship QoL (r  =  0.15) and environmental QoL (EQoL) (r  =  0.18). After adjustment for covariates (age, gender, ethnicity, religion, education, income, exercise, @entity3 , @entity1 and @entity2 ), @entity4 had persistent effects on OQoL (B  =  0.53, 95  % CI 0.012-1.048) and EQoL (B  =  0.95, 95  % CI 0.235-1.667). CONCLUSION: @entity4 showed prevalent correlation and positive effects on the domains of HRQoL. Despite the small effects of @entity4 on HRQoL, the sheer presence of the independent effects provides healthcare providers good reason for initiative and intervention to improve @entity4 , which would improve quality of life.

title: Medication adherence on quality of life among adults with XXXX : an exploratory analysis on the EDDMQoL study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 is promoted by a variety of factors that induce @entity2 and @entity3 . @entity2 and excessive scaring have been recently associated with disruptions of the gap junction-mediated intercellular communication. Nevertheless, little is known about alterations of the expression of gap junction proteins such as connexin (Cx) 43 and 37 in @entity6 . In this study, we investigated the expression of these two Cxs in the @entity4 RenTg mice, the anti-glomerular basement membrane @entity5 , and the unilateral @entity7 models, all leading to the development of @entity6 in @entity1 . Expression of @entity10 was almost negligible in the renal cortex of control @entity1 . In contrast, @entity10 was markedly increased in the endothelium of peritubular and glomerular capillaries of the 3-mo-old RenTg @entity1 , in the glomeruli of @entity1 suffering from @entity5 , and in the tubules after obstructive @entity0 . The @entity10 expression pattern was paralleled closely by that of the adhesion markers such as @entity12 as well as the inflammatory biomarker @entity8 . In contrast, @entity11 that was abundantly expressed in the renal cortex of healthy @entity1 was markedly decreased in the three experimental models. Interestingly, @entity10 +/- @entity1 showed restricted expression of @entity9 after 2 wk of obstructive @entity0 . These findings suggest the importance of Cxs as markers of @entity6 and indicate that these proteins may participate in the inflammatory process during the development of this pathology.

title: Alteration of connexin expression is an early signal for XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Platelets contain unspliced heteronuclear @entity4 RNA, which is rapidly spliced and translated upon activation. @entity1 is a superior agonist for this atypical platelet response, but how @entity1 induces proinflammatory cytokine production in anucleate cells lacking NF-kB is unknown. Platelets express functional @entity5 , and stimulation by @entity1 induced rapid splicing, translation, and secretion of mature @entity4 after @entity10 processing. @entity1 stimulated microparticle shedding, and secreted @entity4 was exclusively present in these particles. Microparticles from @entity1 -stimulated platelets induced @entity8 production by cultured @entity0 endothelial cells, and blockade of endothelial @entity4 receptor with @entity3 completely suppressed endothelial activation. Splicing was posttranscriptional as the SR kinase inhibitor @entity13 blocked @entity4 RNA production by platelets, but not by monocytes, and was dependent on exogenous @entity9 --a property of platelets. We used a combination of small-molecule inhibitors, cell-penetrating chimeric peptide inhibitors, and gene-targeted animals to show splicing required @entity6 and @entity12 , and @entity7 /4, @entity2 , and JNK phosphorylation and activation. @entity11 couples @entity6 to the @entity2 pathway and, remarkably, a @entity11 interacting peptide-antennapedia chimera was more effective than @entity1 in stimulating @entity4 splicing. The @entity11 chimera did not, however, stimulate microparticle shedding, nor was @entity4 released. We conclude @entity1 -induced kinase cascades are sufficient to alter cellular responses, that three signals emanate from platelet @entity5 , and that @entity2 and JNK activation are sufficient to initiate posttranscriptional splicing while another event couples microparticle shedding to @entity5 activation. Platelets contribute to the inflammatory response to @entity1 through production of microparticles that promote endothelial cell activation.

title: Lipopolysaccharide signaling without a nucleus: kinase cascades stimulate platelet shedding of proinflammatory XXXX -rich microparticles.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Short-term administration of @entity14 to experimental animals causes @entity2 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), as well as @entity4 in some cases. The aim of our study was to describe @entity0 that developed in the course of @entity14 -induced @entity9 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 were randomly divided into 2 groups: a study group administered @entity14 intraperitoneally and a control group administered saline. RESULTS: All the animals in the study group developed @entity2 and failure within 48 h, with significant increase of @entity12 (p<0.001), @entity13 aminotransferases (p<0.0001), @entity3 (p<0.004), and @entity11 (p<0.005) and decrease of albumin (p<0.001) concentrations. @entity4 was observed in all test animals, with a significant increase in @entity6 (p<0.001) and @entity7 (p<0.001) concentrations and a decrease in @entity6 clearance (p<0.0012). Moreover, osmotic clearance (p<0.001), daily natriuresis (p<0.003), and fractional @entity8 excretion (p<0.016) decreased significantly in this group of animals. The ratio of urine osmolality to serum osmolality did not change. Histopathology of the liver revealed @entity15 , whereas renal histopathology showed no changes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 that developed in the course of @entity14 -induced @entity5 was of a functional nature, with the kidneys retaining the ability to concentrate urine and retain @entity8 , and there were no renal changes in the histopathological examination. It seems that the experimental model of @entity5 induced by @entity14 can be viewed as a model of @entity10 that occurs in the course of @entity5 .

title: D-Galactosamine Intoxication in Experimental Animals: Is it Only an Experimental Model of Acute XXXX ?

answer: @entity9


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 is an uncommon but important cause of @entity2 in which @entity4 occurs from a pinpoint, @entity3 . DLs are usually located in the stomach, most commonly in @entity0 between the ages of 50 and 70 years. In this report, we describe a teenage @entity0 with an unusual presentation of a @entity4 duodenal @entity1 that resembled the @entity5 . CASE PRESENTATION: An 18-year-old Pakistani @entity0 presented to our emergency department with hematemesis of 6 hours' duration. Her past medical history was unremarkable. A nasogastric aspirate was negative for blood. The @entity0 's hemoglobin was found to be 4g/dl. She was resuscitated with intravenous fluids and blood transfusion. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed, which revealed swelling in the first part of the duodenum, the initial appearance of which suggested that it was an abnormally placed or accessory papilla. There was a small, <3-mm opening on the lesion that resembled the biliary or pancreatic orifice. On gentle manipulation with a catheter, blood spurted from the swelling area, and a vessel was visible. Adrenaline was used for hemostasis. After hemostasis was achieved, it became clear that the lesion was most consistent with a @entity1 and not a papilla. Band ligation was then performed, and the @entity0 did not develop any complications and did not have any further episodes of @entity4 . The @entity0 was eventually discharged to home in stable condition. CONCLUSIONS: This case report highlights the importance of considering a DL as a cause of small-bowel @entity4 and recognizing its potential resemblance to the papilla. Although the endoscopic diagnostic criteria for a @entity1 have been described in great detail, there is a paucity of literature describing a @entity1 or a similar lesion resembling the @entity5 .

title: Bleeding " XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The societal economic @entity2 in Sweden is not well described today. This study is a top-down analysis of Swedish registers with the objective to describe the @entity2 and @entity1 in Sweden during 2011. METHODS: Data for inpatient care; outpatient primary and specialized cares; the prescriptions of drugs, sick leave and the number or diagnostic tests were collected from Swedish national databases. The incidence of the disease was estimated based on the number of prescriptions of antiviral drugs. RESULTS: The incidence of herpes zoster was estimated to 315 and 577 cases per 100,000 @entity0 for @entity0 at all ages and   >   = 50 years, respectively. Almost 30,000 @entity0 at all ages were diagnosed with herpes zoster and the societal cost to treat these @entity0 , including the cost to treat those @entity0 who later developed @entity1 , added up to nearly 227 MSEK (31.6 M   ) which corresponds to 7,600 SEK (   870) per @entity0 . The main contributors to the total cost for the treatment of HZ @entity0 were primary care (43 %); sick leave (28 %); hospitalization (10 %) and specialist care (7 %). Medication was a relatively small contributor with 8.5 MSEK (4 %; 1.0 M   ) to the overall costs for @entity0 at all ages. The corresponding total cost including only @entity0 50 years and older was 168 MSEK (19.2 M   ) or 8,200 SEK (   939) per @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrates that the @entity2 is significant in Sweden. The society, the health care payers and the @entity0 potentially have a lot to gain by introducing a vaccination program to @entity0 50 years and older and as a consequence reduce the economic and clinical @entity2 and @entity1 .

title: @entity2 and XXXX in Sweden.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The societal economic @entity2 in Sweden is not well described today. This study is a top-down analysis of Swedish registers with the objective to describe the @entity2 and @entity1 in Sweden during 2011. METHODS: Data for inpatient care; outpatient primary and specialized cares; the prescriptions of drugs, sick leave and the number or diagnostic tests were collected from Swedish national databases. The incidence of the disease was estimated based on the number of prescriptions of antiviral drugs. RESULTS: The incidence of herpes zoster was estimated to 315 and 577 cases per 100,000 @entity0 for @entity0 at all ages and   >   = 50 years, respectively. Almost 30,000 @entity0 at all ages were diagnosed with herpes zoster and the societal cost to treat these @entity0 , including the cost to treat those @entity0 who later developed @entity1 , added up to nearly 227 MSEK (31.6 M   ) which corresponds to 7,600 SEK (   870) per @entity0 . The main contributors to the total cost for the treatment of HZ @entity0 were primary care (43 %); sick leave (28 %); hospitalization (10 %) and specialist care (7 %). Medication was a relatively small contributor with 8.5 MSEK (4 %; 1.0 M   ) to the overall costs for @entity0 at all ages. The corresponding total cost including only @entity0 50 years and older was 168 MSEK (19.2 M   ) or 8,200 SEK (   939) per @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrates that the @entity2 is significant in Sweden. The society, the health care payers and the @entity0 potentially have a lot to gain by introducing a vaccination program to @entity0 50 years and older and as a consequence reduce the economic and clinical @entity2 and @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity1 in Sweden.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A computer-aided decision system (CADS) based on ontology in pediatric orthopedics was developed to assess, without assumptions performed, the @entity2 of lower limbs. The CADS consists of four components. The first component is a diagnosis-based ontology, called Ontologie du Syst  me Musculosquelettique des Membres Inf  rieurs (OSMMI). The second component is a database for collecting clinical observations, e.g., the birth classification of the @entity1 . The third component uses statistical methods (principal component analysis and decision tree) for constructing an approach to evaluate new issues. The last component is an interactive module for managing the interaction between @entity0 , experts, and the due CADS. Our system has been validated clinically with the real @entity0 data obtained from the @entity0 Surgery Service in the hospital of Robert Debr   in Paris. Our CADS is a good solution to compare the studies of the @entity1 before and after the treatment using a universally scoring system. The assessment, conservative treatment, and monitoring were set up. Our system was developed to allow a better assessment for improving the knowledge and thus the evaluation and treatment of the musculoskeletal pathologies, e.g., the @entity1 .

title: Computer-aided decision system for the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The last decade of @entity1 care has emphasized the role of blood products in the resuscitation of @entity3 @entity0 . Damage-control resuscitation advocates decreased crystalloid use and reintroduces blood components as primary resuscitative fluids. The systematic use of blood products have been described in military settings, but reports describing the use of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or red blood cells (RBCs) in civilian prehospital care are few. We describe our preliminary results after implementing RBCs and @entity6 into our @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: We collected data on the use of @entity6 (LyoPlas N-w (AB)) during a 12-month period from May 31, 2013, to May 30, 2014, before RBC (0Rh (D) negative) introduction in June 2014. @entity6 and RBCs were indicated in @entity1 and medical @entity0 presenting with clinical significant @entity3 on scene. Data were obtained from @entity2 registry and @entity0 records. RESULTS: Our preliminary results show that @entity6 was used in 16 @entity0 (88% males) during the first year. Main @entity0 categories were @entity1 (n = 5), penetrating @entity1 (n = 4), and nontrauma (n = 7). Ten @entity0 (62%) were @entity4 with systolic blood pressures less than 90 mm Hg on scene. The majority (75%) received tranexamic acid. Of 14 @entity0 admitted to the hospital, 11 received emergency surgery and 8 needed additional transfusions within the first 24 hours. No transfusion-related complications were recorded. Two of the @entity6 @entity0 died on scene, and the remaining 14 @entity0 were alive after 30 days. Early results from the recent introduction of RBC show that RBCs were given to four @entity0 . Two @entity0 (one penetrating @entity1 and one @entity1 @entity0 ) died on scene because of exsanguination, while additional two @entity0 (one @entity1 @entity0 and one with @entity5 ) survived to hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: Our small study indicates that introduction of @entity6 into civilian @entity2 seems feasible and may be safe and that logistical and safety issues for the implementation of RBCs are solvable. @entity6 ensures both coagulation factors and volume replacement, has a potentially favorable safety profile, and may be superior to other types of plasma for prehospital use. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of @entity6 (and RBCs) in civilian @entity3 resuscitation and to aid the development of standardized protocols for prehospital use of blood products. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level V.

title: Freeze dried plasma and fresh red blood cells for civilian XXXX resuscitation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) have been developed to implement damage control resuscitation (DCR) principles. A survey of MTP policies from American College of Surgeons @entity1 Quality Improvement Program (ACS-TQIP) @entity0 was performed to establish which MTP activation, hemostatic resuscitation, and monitoring aspects of DCR are included in the MTP guidelines. METHODS: On October 10, 2013, ACS-TQIP administration administered a cross-sectional electronic survey to 187 ACS-TQIP @entity0 . RESULTS: Seventy-one percent (132 of 187) of responses were analyzed, with 62% designated as Level I and 38% designated as Level II ACS-TQIP @entity1 centers. Sixty-nine percent of sites indicated that they have plasma immediately available for MTP activation. By policy, in the first group of blood products administered, 88% of sites target high (>= 1:2) plasma-to-red blood cell (RBC) ratios and 10% target low ratios. Likewise, 79% of sites target high platelet-to-RBC ratios and 16% target low ratios. Eighteen percent of sites reported incorporating point-of-care thromboelastogram into MTP policies. The most common intravenous hemostatic adjunct incorporated into MTPs was tranexamic acid (49%). Thirty-four percent of sites reported that some or all of their emergency medical service agencies have the ability to administer blood products or hemostatic agents during prehospital transport. There were minimal differences in MTP policies or capabilities between Level I and II sites. CONCLUSION: The majority of ACS-TQIP @entity0 reported having MTPs that support the use of DCR principles including high plasma-to-RBC and platelet-to-RBC ratios. Immediate availability of plasma and product use by emergency medical services are becoming increasingly common, whereas the incorporation of point-of-care thromboelastogram into MTP policies remains low.

title: Massive transfusion policies at @entity1 centers participating in the American College of Surgeons XXXX Quality Improvement Program.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) have been developed to implement damage control resuscitation (DCR) principles. A survey of MTP policies from American College of Surgeons @entity1 Quality Improvement Program (ACS-TQIP) @entity0 was performed to establish which MTP activation, hemostatic resuscitation, and monitoring aspects of DCR are included in the MTP guidelines. METHODS: On October 10, 2013, ACS-TQIP administration administered a cross-sectional electronic survey to 187 ACS-TQIP @entity0 . RESULTS: Seventy-one percent (132 of 187) of responses were analyzed, with 62% designated as Level I and 38% designated as Level II ACS-TQIP @entity1 centers. Sixty-nine percent of sites indicated that they have plasma immediately available for MTP activation. By policy, in the first group of blood products administered, 88% of sites target high (>= 1:2) plasma-to-red blood cell (RBC) ratios and 10% target low ratios. Likewise, 79% of sites target high platelet-to-RBC ratios and 16% target low ratios. Eighteen percent of sites reported incorporating point-of-care thromboelastogram into MTP policies. The most common intravenous hemostatic adjunct incorporated into MTPs was tranexamic acid (49%). Thirty-four percent of sites reported that some or all of their emergency medical service agencies have the ability to administer blood products or hemostatic agents during prehospital transport. There were minimal differences in MTP policies or capabilities between Level I and II sites. CONCLUSION: The majority of ACS-TQIP @entity0 reported having MTPs that support the use of DCR principles including high plasma-to-RBC and platelet-to-RBC ratios. Immediate availability of plasma and product use by emergency medical services are becoming increasingly common, whereas the incorporation of point-of-care thromboelastogram into MTP policies remains low.

title: Massive transfusion policies at XXXX centers participating in the American College of Surgeons @entity1 Quality Improvement Program.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role as a host defense against microbial pathogens and are key components of the @entity0 innate immune response. @entity4 frequently colonizes the @entity0 nasopharynx as a commensal but also is a worldwide cause of @entity2 and rapidly fatal @entity1 . In the @entity0 respiratory tract, the only known reservoir of @entity4 , meningococci are exposed to @entity0 endogenous AMPs. Thus, it is not surprising that meningococci have evolved effective mechanisms to confer intrinsic and high levels of resistance to the action of AMPs. This article reviews the current knowledge about @entity5 resistance mechanisms employed by @entity4 . Two major resistance mechanisms employed by meningococci are the constitutive modification of the lipid A head groups of lipooligosaccharides by @entity3 and the active efflux pump mediated excretion of AMPs. Other factors influencing @entity5 resistance, such as the major porin PorB, the pilin biogenesis apparatus, and capsular polysaccharides, have also been identified. Even with an inherently high intrinsic resistance, several @entity5 resistance determinants can be further induced upon exposure to @entity5 s. Many well-characterized @entity5 resistance mechanisms in other Gram-negative bacteria are not found in meningococci. Thus, @entity4 utilizes a limited but highly effective set of molecular mechanisms to mediate antimicrobial peptide resistance. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides.

title: Antimicrobial peptide resistance in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of unilateral versus bilateral instrumented in two-level @entity2 after minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MITLIF). METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 74 @entity0 , who underwent unilateral or bilateral instrumented in two-level MITLIF for @entity2 from May 2010 to June 2012. There were 35 @entity0 in group A undergoing unilateral pedicle screw fixation and 39 @entity0 in group B undergoing bilateral pedicle screw fixation. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups before surgery. Perioperative data, clinical and radiological outcomes of the two groups were also compared. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 32.1      7.5  months for group A and 31.7      8.0  months for group B (p  >  0.05). Group A required a significantly shorter operating time, lower implant costs and less intraoperative @entity3 and X-ray exposure time than group B (p  <  0.01). However, no statistical differences were identified in the amount of transfusion and postoperative hospital stay between the two groups (p  >  0.05). Clinical outcomes assessed by visual analog scores for back and leg @entity1 (VAS-BP and VAS-LP, respectively) and @entity4 Index (ODI) improved significantly in both groups after surgery, and no significant differences existed between the two groups at each postoperative follow-up (p  >  0.05). There were significant differences within groups for Cobb angles of the whole lumbar [Cobb (a)] and the @entity5 at each time point before and after surgery (p  <  0.05). No significant differences existed between groups in relation to Cobb (a), Cobb angle of the fused segments, lumbar @entity5 and the segmental @entity5 at any time point before and after surgery (p  >  0.05). There were no significant differences in fusion rate and total complication rate between the two groups (p  >  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral instrumentation after two-level MITLIF provided similar clinical and radiological outcomes to bilateral fixation in two-level @entity2 . Compared with bilateral fixation, unilateral fixation shortens operation time, reduces intra-operative @entity3 and X-ray exposure time, and saves medical expenses with similar postoperative hospital stay and complication rate.

title: Clinical and radiological outcomes of unilateral versus bilateral instrumentation in two-level XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity2 was recently categorized as a @entity2 due to its possibility of @entity1 . This study was aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and the metastatic rate of @entity3 . METHODS: Charts were reviewed for 502 @entity0 diagnosed with and treated for @entity3 between January 2006 and December 2009. The location, size, depth and metastatic status of the @entity2 were collected. RESULTS: Including 24 @entity2 from 12 @entity0 , 514 @entity2 were removed. Most of them were found in the rectum (97.3%). The male-to-female ratio was 1.38 to 1, and mean age was 50.2    11.4 years. The mean @entity2 size was 5.8    3.6 mm. Less than 10-mm-sized @entity2 had a 1.95% lymph node metastatic rate; @entity2 with sizes from 10 mm to 20 mm and larger than 20 mm had 23.5% and 50% lymph node metastatic rates, respectively. Two cases had distant @entity1 ; one with a 22-mm-sized @entity2 metastasized to the liver, and the other with a 20-mm-sized @entity2 metastasized to the peritoneum. Among 414 @entity0 who completed metastatic studies, 93.8% were classified as stage I, 0.9% as stage II, 4.8% as stage III and 0.5% as stage IV. CONCLUSION: @entity3 smaller than 10 mm have a low rate of lymph node @entity1 , but those sized 10 mm or larger incur significant risk. Further investigation regarding additional risk factors should be done to develop proper treatment guidelines for these @entity2 .

title: Clinical characteristics of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Craving for @entity1 is a major challenge for @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) who try to quit smoking. Galanin (GAL) and its receptors (GALRs) can alter addiction-related behaviors and are therefore good candidates for modulators of behavioral parameters associated with smoking. We performed a genetic association study in 486 subjects (432 European American, EA) recruited for smoking cessation trials. Twenty-six candidate genes for @entity4 -related phenotypes were selected based on the literature. Subjects were assessed using the @entity3 ( @entity3 ), which included a specific item for craving, the Fagerstr  m Scale of Nicotine @entity2 (FTND), and other @entity4 -related instruments. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in GALR1, @entity5 , significantly associated with severity of craving in EA samples (p=6.48 * 10(-6)) and in the combined sample (p=9.23 * 10(-6)). Individuals with TT and TC genotypes had significantly higher craving scores than CC subjects. We also observed that SNPs in the CHRNA5 locus, @entity6 and @entity7 , which have been associated with @entity4 -related phenotypes in previous studies, were nominally associated with FTND scores, although these results did not meet Bonferroni-adjusted criteria for experiment-wide significance. Our findings suggest that variation at GALR1 associates with differences in the severity of past craving for @entity1 among smokers motivated to quit. Taken together with preclinical evidence, these results, if replicated, suggest that GAL and GALRs may be useful therapeutic targets for the pharmacological treatment of @entity4 . Our results also confirm previously reported associations between variation at CHRNA5 and @entity4 .

title: The galanin receptor 1 gene associates with XXXX craving in smokers seeking cessation treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore associations between specific @entity8 with @entity1 ( @entity10 ) and @entity4 in @entity0 aged 7 to 9 years. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis was performed on cohort study data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and @entity0 . Reading impairment was defined according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity2 , Fifth Edition criteria. @entity0 who achieved >2 SD below the mean in the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability Scale II and level <4 in nonmathematical national key stage 2 tests were defined as having severe @entity1 (SRI). @entity0 with @entity5 or IQ <70 were excluded. RESULTS: Data were available for 5822 @entity0 , of whom 172 (3%) met the criteria for SRI. No association was found between SRI and strabismus, motor fusion, sensory fusion at a distance, @entity6 , @entity9 , convergence, accommodation, or contrast sensitivity. @entity7 at near were mildly higher in @entity0 with SRI compared with their peers (1 in 6 vs 1 in 10, P = .08), as were @entity0 with stereoacuity worse than 60 seconds/arc (1 in 6 vs 1 in 10, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Four of every 5 @entity0 with SRI had normal ophthalmic function in each test used. A small minority of @entity0 displayed @entity3 in stereoacuity or fusion of near targets. The slight excess of these @entity0 among those with SRI may be a result of their @entity1 or may be unrelated. We found no evidence that vision-based treatments would be useful to help @entity0 with SRI.

title: XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore associations between specific @entity8 with @entity1 ( @entity10 ) and @entity4 in @entity0 aged 7 to 9 years. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis was performed on cohort study data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and @entity0 . Reading impairment was defined according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity2 , Fifth Edition criteria. @entity0 who achieved >2 SD below the mean in the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability Scale II and level <4 in nonmathematical national key stage 2 tests were defined as having severe @entity1 (SRI). @entity0 with @entity5 or IQ <70 were excluded. RESULTS: Data were available for 5822 @entity0 , of whom 172 (3%) met the criteria for SRI. No association was found between SRI and strabismus, motor fusion, sensory fusion at a distance, @entity6 , @entity9 , convergence, accommodation, or contrast sensitivity. @entity7 at near were mildly higher in @entity0 with SRI compared with their peers (1 in 6 vs 1 in 10, P = .08), as were @entity0 with stereoacuity worse than 60 seconds/arc (1 in 6 vs 1 in 10, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Four of every 5 @entity0 with SRI had normal ophthalmic function in each test used. A small minority of @entity0 displayed @entity3 in stereoacuity or fusion of near targets. The slight excess of these @entity0 among those with SRI may be a result of their @entity1 or may be unrelated. We found no evidence that vision-based treatments would be useful to help @entity0 with SRI.

title: @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study was designed to report our preliminary experience of intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) using a mobile scanner with integrated neuronavigation system (NNS). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and potential utility of iCT with integrated NNS in individualized treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The surgical management of @entity2 is complex due to the relative difficulty in accessing the region, critical relationships of @entity3 , and the intricate biomechanical issues involved. METHODS: We reported our first 19 complex @entity4 cases including 11 male and 8 female @entity0 from January, 2009 to June, 2009 (mean age, 33.9 y; age range, 13 to 58 y). A sliding gantry 40-slice CT scanner was installed in a preexisting operating room. Image data was transferred directly from the scanner into the NNS using an automated registration system. We applied this technology to transoral odontoidectomy in 17 @entity0 . Moreover, with the extra help of iCT integrated with NNS, odontoidectomy through posterior midline approach, and transoral atlantal lateral mass resection were, for the first time, performed for treatment of complex @entity4 . RESULTS: NNS was found to correlate well with the intraoperative findings, and the recalibration was uneven in all cases with an accuracy of 1.6 mm (1.6: 1.2 to 2.0). All @entity0 were clinically evaluated by Nurick grade criteria, and @entity1 were monitored after 3 months of surgery. Fifteen @entity0 (79%) were improved by at least 1 Nurick grade, whereas the grade did not change in 4 @entity0 (21%). CONCLUSIONS: iCT scanning with integrated NNS was both feasible and beneficial for the surgical management of complex @entity4 . In this unusual @entity0 population, the technique seemed to be valuable in negotiating complex anatomy and achieving a safe and predictable decompression.

title: Individualized treatment of XXXX guided by intraoperative computed tomography.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of 1 year subtraction MRI (sMRI) on activity and progression over the next 4 years in early phase @entity2 ( @entity2 ). To compare sensitivity of sMRI and contrast enhanced MRI towards disease activity. METHODS: The study was performed on 127 @entity2 @entity0 with brain MRI within 5 years of symptom onset (y0), after 1 year (y1) and after 5 years (y5). Measures of clinical (Expanded Disability Status Scale, relapse rate) and conventional MRI outcomes (brain parenchyma fraction (BPF); T2 lesion volume (T2LV); @entity1 ( @entity1 )) were available at all time points. sMRI was obtained from y1-y0, y5-y1 and y5-y0 image pairs and the number of new, enlarged, resolved and regressed lesions was counted. RESULTS: One year lesion change measured by sMRI predicted sMRI lesion change (p<0.0001), BPF and T2LV (p<0.05) changes, as well as clinical relapse rate (p<0.02) in the subsequent 4 years. sMRI measures were retained in stepwise predictive models that included other candidate MRI predictors. Active lesions on sMRI over a 1, 4 or 5 year interval provided a more sensitive assessment of disease activity than number of @entity1 at y0, y1 and/or y5: 83%, 93% and 90% of @entity0 without @entity1 showed sMRI activity during the y1-y0, y5-y1, and y5-y0 intervals. CONCLUSIONS: sMRI is a feasible and sensitive tool for detecting @entity2 activity and may provide an alternative to contrast enhanced MRI in clinical practice, particularly in cases where @entity1 are not available or inconclusive. Furthermore, sMRI metrics combined with conventional MRI outcomes ( @entity1 , T2LV, BPF) can increase the prediction of longer term MRI activity and progression.

title: One year activity on subtraction MRI predicts subsequent 4 year activity and progression in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Universal access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is still elusive in most developing nations. We asked whether peer support influenced adherence and treatment outcome and if a single @entity3 ( @entity3 ) could define treatment failure in a resource-limited setting. METHODS: A multicenter longitudinal and cross-sectional survey of @entity3 , @entity1 T cells, and adherence in 546 @entity0 receiving HAART for up to 228 months. @entity3 and @entity1 counts were determined using m2000 Abbott RealTime @entity4 assay and FACS counters, respectively. Adherence was assessed based on pill count and on self-report. RESULTS: Of the @entity0 , 55.8%, 22.2%, and 22% had good, fair, and poor adherence, respectively. Adherence, peer support, and regimen, but not @entity2 disclosure, age, or gender, independently correlated with @entity3 and durability of treatment in a multivariate analysis (P < 0.001). Treatment failure was 35.9% using sequential @entity3 but ranged between 27% and 35% using alternate single @entity3 cross-sectional definitions. More @entity0 failed @entity6 (41.2%) than @entity5 (37.4%) or @entity7 (28.8%, P = 0.043) treatment arms. Peer support correlated positively with adherence (  (2), P < 0.001), with nonadherence being highest in the @entity6 arm. @entity3 before the time of regimen switch was comparable between @entity0 switching and not switching treatment. Moreover, 36% of those switching still failed the second-line regimen. CONCLUSION: Weak adherence support and inaccessible @entity3 testing threaten to compromise the success of HAART scale-up in Kenya. To hasten antiretroviral therapy monitoring and decision making, we suggest strengthening @entity0 -focused adherence programs, optimizing and aligning regimen to WHO standards, and a single point-of-care @entity3 testing when multiple tests are unavailable.

title: Implementation and Operational Research: Correlates of Adherence and Treatment Failure Among Kenyan XXXX on Long-term Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Memory has been examined in subjects with imaging markers of @entity3 , but learning has been less well studied. We examined the relationship among subclinical @entity3 , cerebral volumes, and verbal learning in an ethnically and racially diverse community sample. METHODS: A clinically @entity2 -free subset of Northern Manhattan Study @entity0 underwent cognitive testing and brain MRI with quantification of white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) and total cerebral volume ( @entity8 ) using semiautomated segmentation. We used generalized linear regression and mixed models to examine the association between imaging findings and verbal learning. RESULTS: There were 1,272 @entity0 (61% @entity0 , mean age 70    9 years). @entity0 with greater WMHV and smaller @entity8 remembered fewer total words on a list-learning task (b = -0.83 per SD change in WMHV, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.22 to -0.45, p < 0.0001; and b = 0.48 per SD change in @entity8 , 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.90, p = 0.03, respectively). Subclinical @entity6 (SBI) was not associated with total words learned (b = -0.04, 95% CI = -1.08 to 1.00, p = 0.94). Those with greater WMHV had increased odds of a flatter @entity5 . After excluding @entity0 with SBI, the association between total words learned and WMHV remained significant. All measurements were adjusted for age, education, race/ethnicity, medical insurance status, and the presence of SBI. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 , a marker of @entity7 , may have an impact on @entity5 . This suggests that verbal learning performance can be incorporated into neuropsychological measures for vascular @entity4 and that @entity3 discovered on imaging affects the ability to learn new information.

title: Subclinical XXXX inversely associates with learning ability: The NOMAS.

answer: @entity3