abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The molecular mechanism linking @entity3 formation and periodontal pathogens is not clear, although a positive correlation between periodontal @entity2 and @entity1 has been reported. The aim of this study was to determine whether stimulation with @entity5 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affected the expression of @entity3 -related genes, during and after the formation of foam cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Macrophages from @entity0 @entity4 monocytes were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) to induce the formation of foam cells. @entity5 LPS was added to cultures of either oxLDL-induced macrophages or foam cells. The expression of @entity3 -related genes was assayed by quantitative real-time PCR, and the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-10 and IL-12 proteins was determined using ELISA. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) P(65) was detected by immunocytochemistry, and western blotting was used to evaluate inhibitory kappa B-a (Ik  -a) degradation to confirm activation of the NF-kB pathway. RESULTS: @entity5 LPS stimulated @entity3 -related gene expression in foam cells and increased the oxLDL-induced expression of chemokines, adhesion molecules, growth factors, apoptotic genes and nuclear receptors in macrophages. Transcription of the proinflammatory cytokines IL1b and IL12 was elevated in response to LPS in both macrophages and foam cells, whereas transcription of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL10, was not affected. Increased activation of the NF-kB pathway was also observed in macrophages costimulated with LPS + oxLDL. CONCLUSION: @entity5 LPS appears to be an important factor in the development of @entity3 by stimulation of @entity3 -related gene expression in both macrophages and foam cells via activation of the NF-kB pathway.

title: XXXX lipopolysaccharide alters atherosclerotic-related gene expression in oxidized low-density-lipoprotein-induced macrophages and foam cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) is the standard procedure for surgical management of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication (LTF) is reported to be as effective as LNF but to be associated with a lower incidence of post-operative @entity2 . This meta-analysis was performed to compare the two techniques with respect to reflux control and associated complications, particularly @entity2 . METHODS: Pubmed, Medline, Embase and The Cochrane Library were searched. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing LNF and LTF were included. Outcomes evaluated were occurrences of heartburn and associated complications (e.g. @entity2 ) and degree of @entity0 's satisfaction at early (three to six months) and later (one to three years) post-operative periods. RESULTS: Of 939 @entity0 in seven RCTs, 478 received LNF and 461 received LTF. For both groups, control of reflux was good and occurrence of heartburn were similar. A lower incidence of post-operative @entity2 for both early and later post-operative periods was observed for the LTF group. @entity0 's satisfaction following either procedure was similar. CONCLUSION: LNF and LTF are both safe and effective. LTF is truly associated with a lower occurrence of @entity2 . However, LTF is more likely than LNF to be associated with early surgical complications. On the whole, post-surgical satisfaction ratios for the two groups were comparable.

title: Meta-analysis of laparoscopic total (Nissen) versus posterior (Toupet) fundoplication for XXXX based on randomized clinical trials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of distal malignant @entity5 ( @entity5 ) remains challenging. Acute surgical intervention is often associated with poorer clinical outcome compared to an elective procedure. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) as a bridge to surgery (BTS) or palliation remain controversial and are not yet widely available. METHODS: From 1998 to 2008, a retrospective analysis of the @entity0 presenting with an acute malignant @entity5 to The Tweed Public and John Flynn Private Hospitals was performed. RESULTS: Fifty-six admissions with @entity3 were reviewed. On an intention to treat, @entity0 underwent either stent 30 or surgery 26. American Association of Anaesthetists (ASA) scores, @entity1 rates and palliative procedures were all higher in the stent group. Inpatient @entity2 numbered four (two stent group, two surgery group). The technical success of inserted stents was 29/30, while clinical success was 27/30. Complications both medical, surgical and intensive care unit admissions were more common in the surgical group. Length of stay was 8.5 days for stent and 17.7 days for surgery. Of the 25 successful stent survivors, 14 were palliative and 11 were BTS. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 are effective in treatment of @entity5 either as palliation or BTS. They are associated with an overall better outcome and improved quality of life of @entity0 . Surgery is indicated where @entity4 are unavailable or have failed.

title: Management of malignant left-sided XXXX : a comparison between colonic stents and surgery.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The rapidity of response to induction therapy is emerging as an important prognostic factor in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Urine inorganic @entity5 (IP) and @entity3 (UA) may increase in @entity0 with @entity6 who undergo their induction chemotherapy, owing to the breakdown of @entity1 cells. The crystallization of UA or @entity2 in renal tubules can result in acute @entity7 (ATLS). Some reports indicate that @entity0 who experience ATLS have a better prognosis than those who do not. We investigated the relationship between urinary IP and UA excretion and treatment outcome in @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity0 included 93 @entity0 with @entity4 and 31 @entity0 with @entity6 . Urine samples were collected and measured for the first 3 days of induction chemotherapy. Among @entity0 with @entity4 , urinary IP excretion was significantly higher in @entity0 without relapse than in those with relapse and correlated with long-term outcome. Among @entity0 with @entity6 , urinary IP excretion was significantly higher in @entity0 without induction failure (IF) than those with IF. We propose that higher urinary IP excretion could be a useful prognostic marker for determining favorable outcomes in @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: Higher urinary excretion of inorganic XXXX during early induction chemotherapy predicts a good prognosis in childhood @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The rapidity of response to induction therapy is emerging as an important prognostic factor in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Urine inorganic @entity5 (IP) and @entity3 (UA) may increase in @entity0 with @entity6 who undergo their induction chemotherapy, owing to the breakdown of @entity1 cells. The crystallization of UA or @entity2 in renal tubules can result in acute @entity7 (ATLS). Some reports indicate that @entity0 who experience ATLS have a better prognosis than those who do not. We investigated the relationship between urinary IP and UA excretion and treatment outcome in @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity0 included 93 @entity0 with @entity4 and 31 @entity0 with @entity6 . Urine samples were collected and measured for the first 3 days of induction chemotherapy. Among @entity0 with @entity4 , urinary IP excretion was significantly higher in @entity0 without relapse than in those with relapse and correlated with long-term outcome. Among @entity0 with @entity6 , urinary IP excretion was significantly higher in @entity0 without induction failure (IF) than those with IF. We propose that higher urinary IP excretion could be a useful prognostic marker for determining favorable outcomes in @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: Higher urinary excretion of inorganic @entity5 during early induction chemotherapy predicts a good prognosis in childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study was conducted as a controlled, prospective investigation to show the safety and efficacy of a @entity4 ( @entity3 ) device in a @entity2 model. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of a permanent @entity3 hydrogel barrier to reduce the risk of potential vessel damage during anterior vertebral revision surgery, to provide a nonadhesive barrier at the surgical site, and to create a surgical revision plane of dissection. BACKGROUND: The development of scar tissue and adhesions presents a significant postoperative problem in spine surgery, where adhesion involvement of overlying structures can cause @entity1 , and present a difficult surgical environment during revisions. METHODS: The devices were implanted onto the ventral surface of exposed lumbar intervertebral discs using an anterolateral approach. One disc separated from the study site was also exposed to serve as a control. Three @entity2 each were then evaluated with an explant procedure at 30 and 90 days. Extensive sampling was undertaken to evaluate gross anatomic, micropathologic, and biochemical environments and properties of the device. RESULTS: The structural properties and appearance of the device remained intact at both 30 and 90 days. The material remained flexible, hydrophilic, and soft, without visible resorption or decomposition. The material was well tolerated by the animal, with minimal histologic signs of @entity0 or rejection. Tissue planes were easily able to be localized by the surgeon attempting to locate the prior surgical site at the time of resection. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3 vessel shield effectively protected the structures overlying the @entity2 spine during revision, providing a clear dissection plane for resection at repeat surgery. The overlying structures separated from the previous surgical site with no adhesion, and allowed safe separation of adjacent tissues without the use of sharp dissection.

title: Safety and effectiveness of a XXXX barrier in reducing risks of vascular tissue damage during anterior spinal revision surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 of the inner auditory canal is a really rare event. Clinically, it usually presents with rapid worsening @entity5 . Authors present a review of the literature reporting clinical features, radiological findings, intraoperative aspects of an illustrative case. A 56-year-old female @entity0 presented with a peripheral @entity7 . MRI showed two left p-fossa @entity2 whose one into the inner canal. Rapid worsening of @entity3 despite corticosteroid treatment and the possibility to remove both @entity2 in the same surgical step suggested authors to operated on the @entity0 . Intraoperatively, inner canal @entity2 looked totally involving the VII-VIII nerve complex so surgical extirpation was only partially feasible. Posterior wall drilling of the meatus was performed which improved @entity8 . Leptomeningeal spinal seeding occurred and spinal irradiation was performed. The case highlights the importance of maintaining a high degree of awareness of the auditory canal @entity1 in @entity0 with a previous history of @entity2 who develop a rapid progressive @entity6 . Furthermore, our case and literature data suggest that inner canal @entity1 is a distinct entity from temporal bone and ponto-cerebellar angle @entity1 on the base of the peculiarity of clinical features, prognosis, therapeutic strategies. In fact, inner canal metastases usually arise in @entity0 apparently cured, and they imply a better prognosis even if with an higher risk of leptomeningeal seeding. Moreover, surgery rarely allows the @entity4 , also if symptoms relief may be achieved, as in our case.

title: Internal auditory canal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Bone geometry is an important measure of bone strength and is known to be affected by weight-bearing and adult ageing. Engagement in weight-bearing activity decreases with age, thus in this study we compared bone geometry changes between weight-bearing ( @entity1 ) and non-weight-bearing (fibula) leg bones in three different age groups of @entity0 . Magnetic resonance images of the right leg were acquired in 9 young (20-27  years), 7 old (61-69  years) and 7 very old (71-80  years) @entity0 . Total and cortical bone volumes and medullary cavity volumes (mm(3)) were calculated at proximal and distal sites for both bones. Tibial cortical bone volume was significantly less at the proximal site in old (17%) and very old (24%) groups versus young subjects. Cortical bone volume in the proximal fibula was also significantly reduced in the older groups (7 and 12%), but to a substantially lesser extent than in the @entity1 . In contrast, distal bone geometry appeared largely to be conserved in both @entity1 and fibula. Proximally, medullary cavity volume was greater in the older groups in the @entity1 but not the fibula. Distally, the only difference found in either bone was a significantly greater fibular medullary cavity in the very old group. These findings suggest weight-bearing bones in @entity0 are more susceptible than non-weight-bearing bones to age-related changes in bone geometry likely due to decreases in weight-bearing activities. Also, weight-bearing activity appears to provide a greater osteogenic stimulus at the distal portions of the leg bones.

title: Differences in leg bone geometry in young, old and very old XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To prepare a dietary recommendation for young Japanese for the prevention of @entity0 , we surveyed the dietary habits, serum lipids, serum @entity2 and blood pressure levels among male and female students. METHODS: In this study, 175 male and 246 female university students were interviewed for the frequency of consumption of selected food items and the habit of skipping breakfast. Serum @entity2 were analyzed by gas chromatography. RESULTS: The frequencies of consumption of dishes cooked with oil and intake of vegetables were higher in female students than in male students. Serum n-6 @entity1 were slightly higher in females students than in male students while that of serum n-3 @entity1 was 6.4% in both sexes. For both males and females, those who skipped breakfast at least once a week were less likely to consume vegetables and fruits than those who did not. Female students who skipped breakfast were also less likely to consume fish and had lower composition of n-3 @entity3 and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels than males. For female, the intake of milk and dairy products correlated inversely with systolic blood pressure levels and the intake of n-3 @entity1 correlated inversely with diastolic blood pressure levels. For males, the intake of fruits and consumption of dishes cooked with oil correlated inversely with systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that increased intake of fish, milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables from early adulthood and a regular dietary pattern are important to reduce the risk factors for @entity0 .

title: Possible effects of diets on serum lipids, XXXX and blood pressure levels in male and female Japanese university students.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although recent studies suggest that medical treatment is appropriate for @entity0 with @entity1 (IMH), the outcomes of supportive medical treatment alone have not been satisfactory, and clear guidelines for medical treatment are not yet available. We assessed whether a management protocol of combined early aggressive medical treatment and selective prophylactic aortic stent-grafting would benefit @entity0 with IMH. METHODS: Nineteen @entity0 with IMH were prospectively studied; after initial clinical and radiological evaluation, 13 underwent early aggressive medical therapy (group 1), and 6 underwent early aggressive medical therapy and prophylactic endovascular stent-grafting (group 2). RESULTS: In group 1, one @entity0 with type A IMH died prior to surgical consultation because of @entity2 ; another @entity0 with type A IMH underwent replacement of the ascending aorta at the 6-month follow-up. The condition of the other 11 @entity0 stabilized during hospitalization and after discharge. The disease spontaneously regressed in 10 @entity0 , and the intramural @entity1 completely resolved in 5 @entity0 . In group 2, follow-up imaging revealed complete coverage of the penetrating aortic ulcers and regression of the intramural @entity1 ; endovascular leaks have not yet occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Our protocol may be used as an alternative approach for @entity0 with IMH. After initial clinical and radiological evaluation, the condition of @entity0 without complications can be stabilized with medical treatment; frequent follow-up imaging is required in such cases. Early aggressive medical treatment combined with prophylactic aortic stent-grafting is a safe and effective treatment modality for IMH @entity0 with penetrating aortic ulcers in the descending aorta.

title: Early aggressive medical treatment associated with selective prophylactic aortic stent-grafting for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The incidence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in Middle-Finland 1976-78 was 19.4/100,000/year. The incidence increased consistently with age. The early prognosis was similar to that in earlier studies, with 25% dying on the first day, and 49% during the first 3 months after the initial @entity3 . The fatality rate decreased sharply after the @entity3 : of all deaths during the first 3 months, the weekly fatality rate was 65% during the 1st week, 12% during the 2nd, and 4% during the 3rd. Thereafter the weekly fatalities up to 3 months averaged 1.6%. Only 20% of the @entity0 of the entire series were assessed as being eligible for neurosurgical treatment. Intercurrent fatal rebleeds further reduced this number. The chances of increasing the number of @entity2 @entity0 suitable for neurosurgery are discussed. The timing of surgery should be earlier than in the present study (median 15 days after the @entity3 ) in order to avoid frequently fatal recurrences. Vertebral angiograms should be obtained from @entity0 with no @entity1 found by bilateral carotid angiography. The upper age limit of 60 years should be abolished. By these means the proportion of @entity2 @entity0 potentially eligible for neurosurgery could be increased to about 40%.

title: XXXX in middle-Finland: incidence, early prognosis and indications for neurosurgical treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Particularly elder multimorbid @entity0 suffering from a @entity2 need a long term therapy. One condition for success, however, is the regular intake of drugs by the @entity0 . Therefore the final goal is the increase of drug-compliance. This is based on the enhancement of the knowledge of the actual drug-compliance, the subject we wanted to learn more about by empirical investigations. During one year the drug-compliance of each @entity0 of the Special Clinic Klausenbach was tested over a period of 20 days. The results were taken by checking @entity3 fluorometrically (method according to Gundert-Remy). In this way the @entity0 could be classified as "takers" and "non-takers". The following variables wee considered: diagnoses, marital status, age, nationality, profession, IQ, mood, subjective evaluation of success of cure and medication. since according to a pre-study foreigners show a lower rate of compliance we restricted the sample to the 892 german cure @entity0 , 343 of whom suffered from @entity1 . Their compliance-level was almost 50%. The results of the subgroups hardly differed. The cure @entity0 suffering from @entity2 did not show any striking compliance behaviour: the values are far below the ideal value, however. Further multivariate statistical analyses are designed to contribute to the development of effective measures of intervention.

title: [ XXXX and compliance with drug therapy].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Tiny @entity3 pose a significant therapeutic challenge for interventional neuroradiologists. The authors report their preliminary results of endovascular treatment of these @entity4 . METHODS: Between January 2002 and December 2009, 52 tiny @entity3 (defined as  <= 3 mm in maximum diameter) in 46 @entity0 (22 @entity0 ; mean age, 57.9 years) were treated by endosaccular coil embolisation or sole stent deployment in the parent artery. Of 52 @entity4 , 29 had @entity1 and 23 remained unruptured. The initial angiographic results, procedural complications, and clinical outcomes were assessed at discharge. Imaging follow-up was performed with cerebral angiography. RESULTS: One @entity4 coiling procedure failed because of unsuccessful micro-catheterization. Forty-three @entity4 were successfully coil embolized, of which complete occlusion was obtained in 14, @entity2 in 11. The other 8 @entity4 were treated by sole stent deployment in the parent artery. Procedural complications (2 intraprocedural ruptures and 3 @entity5 events) occurred in 5 (9.6%) of 52 @entity4 , resulting in permanent morbidity in only 1 (2.2%, 1/46) @entity0 . No rebleeding occurred during clinical follow-up (mean duration, 46.7 months). Of the 16 @entity4 that receiving repetitive angiography, 6 initially completely and 3 subtotally @entity4 remained unchanged, 4 initially subtotally and 3 @entity4 progressed to total occlusion. Five sole stent deployed @entity4 received angiographic follow-up (mean duration, 10.0 months), of which 3 remained unchanged, 1 became smaller and 1 progressed to total occlusion. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of tiny @entity3 is technical feasible and relatively safe. Coil embolisation seems to be effective in preventing early recanalisation, whereas sole stenting technique needs further investigation to determine its effectiveness.

title: Tiny XXXX : endovascular treatment by coil embolisation or sole stent deployment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is associated with a @entity2 of T cell function, as suggested by the impaired production of cytokines by Th cells collected from @entity1 @entity0 . Although treatment biocompatibility could be implicated in this @entity7 , it has been poorly investigated, thus far. Therefore, we undertook a study aiming to analyze the effects of different peritoneal dialysis fluids on the @entity6 /Th2 balance in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Twenty three @entity0 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were evaluated. Seven @entity0 were on CAPD with icodextrin solution (ICO- @entity1 ), seven with @entity4 and @entity5 / @entity8 -buffered solution (LAC/BIC- @entity1 ), and nine with @entity4 and @entity5 -buffered solution (LAC- @entity1 ). The @entity6 /Th2 balance was evaluated by measuring @entity3 ( @entity6 subset) and @entity9 (Th2 subset), both in circulating and peritoneum-derived Th lymphocytes unstimulated or stimulated by phytohemoagglutinin (PHA). Moreover inflammatory, nutritional and dialysis-related parameters were recorded. Eight normal subjects comprised the control group (CON). RESULTS: Circulating T cells: @entity3 was significantly lower in the LAC- @entity1 group (p<0.05) compared to the ICO- @entity1 and LAC/BIC- @entity1 groups. The @entity3 / @entity9 -producing cell ratio was significantly lower in @entity1 @entity0 than in CON. Peritoneal T cells: after 24-h PHA stimulation, @entity3 increased in all @entity0 , but the rise was less pronounced in the LAC- @entity1 group (p<0.05) than in the other two @entity1 groups. The @entity6 /Th2 ratio was significantly lower in the LAC- @entity1 group when compared both to LAC/BIC- @entity1 and ICO- @entity1 groups. In addition, the LAC- @entity1 group presented a significantly higher rate of @entity1 compared to the other @entity1 groups. CONCLUSIONS: CAPD with @entity5 -buffered peritoneal fluid has deleterious effects on the @entity6 cell subset, while the use of more biocompatible fluids, @entity8 -buffered and icodextrin, is associated with a more physiologically representative @entity6 /Th2 balance and a reduced @entity1 rate.

title: Effects of different peritoneal dialysis fluids on the XXXX /TH2 balance.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in eight @entity0 who developed @entity3 after undergoing physiotherapy with use of ultrasound diathermy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical charts and MR images of eight @entity0 (six @entity0 and two @entity0 aged 22-69 years) who received ultrasound diathermy treatment for a variety of soft tissue injuries involving primarily the knee, shoulder, and wrist. All @entity0 underwent MR imaging without the use of intravenous @entity4 -based contrast material. The institutional review board approved the study, and the requirement to obtain informed consent was waived. RESULTS: MR imaging of all @entity0 revealed subcortical rim or arc lesions with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, without involvement of the deeper aspect of the bone marrow. The imaging features of the lesions were similar to those of focal @entity5 . Follow-up MR imaging performed in three @entity0 approximately 2-3 months after cessation of ultrasound therapy revealed resolution of the @entity1 . Symptoms resolved in all @entity0 . CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that ultrasound diathermy may produce an @entity2 . The abnormality itself was usually mild and transient, with apparent full recovery after termination of therapy.

title: XXXX as a complication of ultrasound diathermy: a report of eight cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We assessed the ability of 3 clinical factors-stage, D'Amico risk stratification, and Roach formula-estimated nodal risk-to predict the pathologic outcomes in a modern @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for 2004 and 2005. @entity0 with @entity1 who had complete staging information were included. @entity0 were stratified according to the D'Amico criteria into low, intermediate, or high-risk groups using clinical T-stage, Gleason sum, and @entity2 . Comparison was made with risk groups obtained after replacing clinical with pathologic T-stage. In addition, the Roach formula-predicted risk of positive lymph nodes was calculated and compared with the pathologic incidence of positive nodes. RESULTS: A total of 56,446 @entity0 were included, of whom 13,135 had a prostatectomy with complete pathologic staging. Of 3476 @entity0 with clinically palpable disease, who underwent prostatectomy, 2.5% were down-T-staged pathologically, whereas 34.7% were up-T-staged. Replacing clinical T-stage with pathologic T-stage in the D'Amico risk stratification resulted in the majority of @entity0 being up-risk-stratified to a higher risk group. Three hundred and forty-three @entity0 had positive nodes. The @entity0 with a Roach formula-predicted likelihood of positive nodes of 0% to 5%, 5.1% to 10%, 10.1% to 15%, and greater than 15% were found to have 0.2%, 0.5%, 1.2%, and 6.6% pathologic incidence of positive nodes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pathologic staging results in higher risk stratification than that predicted by clinical criteria in the majority of @entity0 . Nodal positivity at diagnosis is uncommon in the current era, and the Roach formula overestimates the actual risk of node-positive disease.

title: Clinical versus pathologic staging for XXXX : how do they correlate?

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: @entity5 ( @entity6 ) was licensed in Europe as an add-on antiepileptic drug (AED) for the treatment of partial-onset @entity2 in 2004. This audit assessed the response to adjunctive @entity6 in @entity0 with uncontrolled @entity2 . METHODS: @entity6 was titrated in 135 @entity0 [73 @entity0 ; 62 @entity0 , aged 18-76 (median 44 years) until one of the following occurred: >=  6 months' @entity2 freedom, >=  50% or < 50% @entity2 reduction over 6 months; @entity6 withdrawal because of adverse effects, lack of efficacy or both. RESULTS: Of the 135 @entity0 , 14 (10.4%) became @entity2 -free for >=  6 months (median @entity6 dose 300 mg/day; range 75-600 mg). A >=  50% @entity2 reduction occurred in 33 (24.4%) @entity0 ; 20 (14.8%) had < 50% reduction. @entity6 was withdrawn in 68 (50.4%) (40 adverse effects, seven lack of efficacy and 21 both). Commonest problems resulting in withdrawal were sedation (n = 18), @entity3 (n = 14) and @entity4 (n = 9). There was a positive correlation between increasing dose and @entity3 (r = 0.42, P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Add-on @entity6 benefited 50% of @entity0 , but only 10% achieved 6 months' @entity2 freedom. Adverse effects, most commonly sedation, dose-related @entity3 and @entity4 , led to drug discontinuation by 45%. Prospective audits of novel AEDs are a useful adjunct to randomized, controlled trials in managing @entity1 .

title: Adjunctive @entity5 for uncontrolled partial-onset XXXX : findings from a prospective audit.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: @entity5 ( @entity6 ) was licensed in Europe as an add-on antiepileptic drug (AED) for the treatment of partial-onset @entity2 in 2004. This audit assessed the response to adjunctive @entity6 in @entity0 with uncontrolled @entity2 . METHODS: @entity6 was titrated in 135 @entity0 [73 @entity0 ; 62 @entity0 , aged 18-76 (median 44 years) until one of the following occurred: >=  6 months' @entity2 freedom, >=  50% or < 50% @entity2 reduction over 6 months; @entity6 withdrawal because of adverse effects, lack of efficacy or both. RESULTS: Of the 135 @entity0 , 14 (10.4%) became @entity2 -free for >=  6 months (median @entity6 dose 300 mg/day; range 75-600 mg). A >=  50% @entity2 reduction occurred in 33 (24.4%) @entity0 ; 20 (14.8%) had < 50% reduction. @entity6 was withdrawn in 68 (50.4%) (40 adverse effects, seven lack of efficacy and 21 both). Commonest problems resulting in withdrawal were sedation (n = 18), @entity3 (n = 14) and @entity4 (n = 9). There was a positive correlation between increasing dose and @entity3 (r = 0.42, P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Add-on @entity6 benefited 50% of @entity0 , but only 10% achieved 6 months' @entity2 freedom. Adverse effects, most commonly sedation, dose-related @entity3 and @entity4 , led to drug discontinuation by 45%. Prospective audits of novel AEDs are a useful adjunct to randomized, controlled trials in managing @entity1 .

title: Adjunctive XXXX for uncontrolled partial-onset @entity2 : findings from a prospective audit.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 has become a public health issue in the USA, especially among African American youths. Research on the association between ideal body image (IBI) and @entity1 and related lifestyle factors among African American @entity0 and adolescents is limited. METHODS: Data collected from 402 low-income African American adolescents aged 10-14 years in four Chicago public schools were used. Questionnaires were used to assess IBI, @entity2 , weight control practices, and self-efficacy towards food and physical activity. Body mass index was calculated using measured weight and height. Associations between IBI and @entity2 , overweight/ @entity1 and lifestyle behaviours were assessed using linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS: The most frequently chosen ideal body size was the fourth of eight silhouettes (from thinnest to heaviest) for @entity0 (55%) and @entity0 (49%). Overweight and @entity1 @entity0 selected larger ideal body figures than the others (trend test: P < 0.001). Compared with those with middle ideal body figures, @entity0 who selected smaller ones were twice as likely to have an unhealthy diet as indicated by less fruit and milk consumption; the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were 2.40 (1.15-5.02) for fruits intake (<once/week) and 2.13 (1.06-4.29) for milk consumption (<once/day), respectively. @entity0 with larger IBI were less likely to eat snack often [>= once/day; OR = 0.11 (0.02-0.50)]. @entity0 with larger IBI were less likely to spend more screen time [OR = 0.12 (0.02-0.70)] and reported better food choice intentions (P < 0.05). Overweight and @entity1 @entity0 and @entity0 appeared to have better food choice intentions and food self-efficacy than their non-overweight peers (trend test: both P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Ideal body image is associated with weight status, food self-efficacy and lifestyle behaviours among low-income African American adolescents.

title: Is ideal body image related to XXXX and lifestyle behaviours in African American adolescents?

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: With the goal of identifying a valid biomarker of early @entity2 , we aimed to identify the most reliable in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) parameter for detection of abnormality of small nerve fibre morphology. METHODS: Cross-sectional examination of 46 subjects (26 with Type 1 @entity0 and 20 healthy volunteers) examined by corneal confocal microscopy for intra- and interobserver reproducibility by the intraclass correlation coefficient method. Corneal nerve fibre density, nerve branch density, nerve fibre length and tortuosity were measured on the same day that subjects underwent clinical and electrophysiological examination. RESULTS: The 26 subjects with Type 1 @entity0 had mean age and @entity0 duration 42.8    16.9 and 22.7    16.4 years, respectively. Twelve of those subjects (46%) did not meet criteria for @entity2 , while five (19%) had mild, three (12%) had moderate and six (23%) had severe @entity2 . None of the healthy volunteers (mean age 41.4    17.3 years) had @entity1 . Re-examination of selected corneal confocal microscopy images or sets of 40 images yielded very good to excellent intraclass correlation coefficients for all parameters. However, only one parameter (corneal nerve fibre length) emerged with consistently very good reproducibility using a clinically relevant 'study-level' protocol of subject re-examination (intra-observer intraclass correlation coefficient 0.72; interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient 0.73). Despite no differences in intraclass correlation coefficient between subgroups, corneal nerve fibre length was significantly lower (14.76 vs. 16.15 mm/mm(2), P = 0.04) in those with @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Development of corneal confocal microscopy may need to focus on the measurement of corneal nerve fibre length, as it appears to have superior reliability in comparison with other parameters, and as evidence exists for its potential as a clinical biomarker of early @entity2 .

title: Reproducibility of in vivo corneal confocal microscopy as a novel screening test for early XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Plasma concentrations and side effects were followed in 52 adults treated with @entity5 for 4-39 days (mean 12.2 days). In order to obtain 1-h peak levels above the recommended 4 microgram/ml in @entity0 with normal renal function, loading doses of 160 mg followed by 100-120 mg every 8 h were usually necessary. Both the leading dose and the mean daily dose of 304 mg were higher than usually recommended. Great individual variations in doses required were found and nomograms were of little value. Reduced maintenance doses were given to @entity0 with @entity1 . Adequate treatment required plasma level determinations 2-3 times a week. The high dose of @entity5 regimen used in this study implied that 30% of the trough levels exceeded 2 microgram/ml. The frequency of clinically significant side effects were, however, low and the treatment was only interrupted once because of a decrease in renal function. @entity2 in renal function probably related to @entity5 was found in 6 @entity0 , and 5 @entity0 got temporary disturbances of vestibular function. One @entity0 experienced a @entity3 and 2 @entity0 a permanent @entity3 , which might have been caused by simultaneous treatment with @entity4 and @entity5 .

title: XXXX therapy of serious infections. Pharmacological aspects and side effects.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pyogenic hepatic abscesses are relatively rare, though untreated are uniformly fatal. A recent paradigm shift in the management of liver abscesses, facilitated by advances in diagnostic and interventional radiology, has decreased mortality rates. The aim of this study was to review our experience in managing @entity6 , review the literature in this field, and propose guidelines to aid in the current management of this complex disease. METHODS: Demographic and clinical details of all @entity0 admitted to a single institution with @entity4 over a 5 year period were reviewed. Clinical presentation, aetiology, diagnostic work-up, treatment, morbidity and mortality data were collated. RESULTS: Over a 5 year period 11 @entity0 presented to a single institution with @entity2 (55% males, mean age 60.3 years). Common clinical features at presentation were non-specific constitutional symptoms and signs. Aetiology was predominantly @entity5 (45%) or @entity1 (27%). In addition to empiric antimicrobial therapy, all @entity0 underwent radiologically guided percutaneous @entity4 at diagnosis and only 2 @entity0 required surgical intervention, including one 16-year old female who underwent hemi-hepatectomy for a complex and rare @entity3 . There were no mortalities after minimum follow-up of one year. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 are uncommon, and mortality has decreased over the last two decades. Antimicrobial therapy and radiological intervention form the mainstay of modern treatment. Surgical intervention should be considered for @entity0 with large, complex, septated or multiple abscesses, underlying disease or in whom percutaneous drainage has failed.

title: Modern management of XXXX : a case series and review of the literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined the effects of sex on @entity2 outcomes. There is evidence that @entity0 are more likely to survive @entity2 than @entity0 . However, few large studies have examined these sex differences in detail. It is unknown whether the female survival advantage is age-specific or whether sex affects neurologic outcomes after @entity2 events. METHODS: Data were analyzed from a nationwide population-based @entity2 database (between January 2005 and December 2007) involving 318,123 @entity0 (male: 188,357, female: 129,766) to assess the effects of sex on @entity2 outcomes in Japan. We selected 276,590 @entity0 aged 20 to 89 years with @entity2 and compared the frequencies of initial cardiac rhythms, 1-month survival rates, and favorable neurologic outcome rates between sexes. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity2 was higher in @entity0 than in @entity0 ( @entity0 : 0.12%; @entity0 : 0.07%). @entity0 were witnessed more often while @entity2 was occurring ( @entity0 : 42.1% and @entity0 : 36.9%), typically presented with @entity3 / @entity1 rhythms, and had a higher 1-month survival rate overall after @entity2 events ( @entity0 : 5.2% and @entity0 : 4.3%). However, the rate of survival with a favorable neurologic outcome for @entity0 aged 30 to 49 years was significantly higher than that for @entity0 within the same age range. Among @entity0 initially presenting with @entity3 / @entity1 , the rate of survival with favorable neurologic outcome was higher for @entity0 than @entity0 in the group aged 40 to 59 years. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity0 have a higher 1-month survival rate after @entity2 because of a higher frequency of @entity3 / @entity1 compared with @entity0 . Although @entity0 of both sexes with @entity2 initially presenting with @entity3 / @entity1 exhibited similar overall survival rates, the rate of survival with favorable neurologic outcome was significantly higher for @entity0 than @entity0 in the group aged 40 to 59 years.

title: The effects of sex on XXXX outcomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The side population (SP) of @entity1 cell lines shares characteristics with @entity1 stem cells. The objective of this study was to phenotypically and genotypically characterize the SP of @entity2 cell lines. SP cells were obtained from AGS and @entity0 @entity2 cells using @entity6 staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The cells were subsequently studied morphologically at cytology and immunocytochemistry, on the transcriptional level via gene array, and in cell culture using recultivation assays. Genes differentially expressed in SP cells were evaluated at immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from 486 @entity0 with @entity2 . The SP cells were smaller and rounder then non-SP cells. SP cells self-renewed in recultivation experiments and differentiated into SP and non-SP cells. Recultivated SP and non-SP cells exhibited distinct phenotypes in culture insofar as cell shape and colony formation. SP cells demonstrated increased levels of the stem cell markers @entity4 and @entity5 . Transcriptional analyses demonstrated that SP cells express genes that encode for stem cell properties including @entity7 , @entity8 , SMO, and @entity3 . It was observed that @entity3 and @entity7 are differentially expressed in @entity0 @entity2 , and @entity7 -positive @entity1 are associated with significantly shorter @entity0 survival. In conclusion, @entity0 @entity2 cell lines enclose a phenotypically and genotypically distinct cell population with @entity1 stem cell features. Phenotypic characteristics of this distinct cell population are also present in @entity2 tissue, and correlate with @entity0 survival.

title: Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of side population of XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The increase in adult orthodontic @entity0 in the last 20 years makes it more likely that a clinician will have adult cases to present to the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) for board certification. The applicability of the Objective Grading System (OGS) to adult dentitions, however, has not been reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if well-treated adult cases, as designated by orthodontists, could pass the ABO clinical examination using the OGS. METHODS: Posttreatment casts of 35 adult @entity0 from Temple University, Department of Orthodontics were ranked by 4 examiners based on visual examination of the quality of case finish using the Q-sort method. Data on each examiner's personal selection criteria to classify a well-treated case were gathered. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and OGS scores were measured, and the number of missing teeth was recorded. RESULTS: There was a moderate correlation between the rankings of the 4 examiners and their rankings to the OGS score. A 63% overall ABO pass rate was found. The pass rate for the well-treated cases and failure rate in the lower ranked group were both 100%. The @entity1 scores of 97% of the cases were high enough to qualify as a board case, and 77% had 1 or more missing teeth after treatment. Examiners largely used the factors of the OGS in deciding if a case was well treated, with intercuspation being the most important factor. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that well-treated adult cases can pass the ABO clinical examination using the OGS. In addition, it illustrates that missing teeth automatically inflate the @entity1 score and improve the OGS score.

title: The quality of treatment in the adult orthodontic XXXX as judged by orthodontists and measured by the Objective Grading System.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the utility of the JOSTENT @entity4 ( @entity4 ) stent-graft (Jomed GmbH, Rangendingen, Germany) in @entity0 with diseased saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: Prior trials of the JOSTENT stent-graft did not mandate high-pressure implantation or prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy, and were limited by short-term follow-up. METHODS: A total of 243 @entity0 at 47 centers with 1 to 2 discrete lesions in SVGs were prospectively randomized to JOSTENT implantation (>= 18 atm.) versus bare-metal stents (BMS). The JOSTENT @entity0 were treated with @entity1 indefinitely and @entity5 for >= 8 months. Routine angiographic follow-up was performed at 8 months, and all @entity0 were followed for 5 years. RESULTS: The primary end point of in-lesion binary restenosis occurred in 31.8% of lesions treated with the JOSTENT versus 28.4% of lesions treated with BMS (relative risk: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72 to 1.75, p = 0.63). At 9 months, the major secondary end point of target vessel failure ( @entity2 , @entity3 , or clinically driven target vessel revascularization) occurred in 32.2% of @entity0 treated with the JOSTENT versus 22.1% of @entity0 treated with BMS (hazard ratio: 1.54, 95% CI: 0.94 to 2.53, p = 0.08). During long-term follow-up, significantly more events accrued in the JOSTENT arm such that by 5 years target vessel failure had occurred in 68.3% of JOSTENT @entity0 versus 51.8% of BMS @entity0 (hazard ratio: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.23, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The long-term prognosis for diseased SVGs requiring PCI is dismal. The JOSTENT PTFE stent-graft results in inferior outcomes compared with BMS, despite high-pressure implantation and prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy, a finding that becomes more evident with longer-term follow-up.

title: 5-year follow-up of XXXX -covered stents compared with bare-metal stents in aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts the randomized BARRICADE (barrier approach to restenosis: restrict intima to curtail adverse events) trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role for testis-sparing surgery in the treatment of primary @entity2 in childhood is growing. The reliability of scrotal ultrasonograpy (US) in the management of these lesions is still controversial. @entity0 : Between 1991 and 2007, 383 @entity0 and adolescents presented with @entity6 . Ultrasound results and records of @entity0 with primary @entity4 were analyzed. RESULTS: 12 of 383 @entity0 (3.1%) had a histologically proven primary intratesticular @entity1 . Scrotal US was highly sensitive for the detection of these lesions. @entity0 ' mean age at initial US was 6 years (9 prepubertal, 3 juvenile @entity0 ). The most frequent symptom was a painless unilateral scrotal mass (75%). Tumor markers or @entity3 were elevated in 6/12 @entity0 . Histology was intratesticular germ cell in 7, sexcord @entity1 in 4 and @entity5 in 1 @entity0 . US correctly distinguished between benign and malignant lesions in all cases. When combined with clinical symptoms, US predicted 75% of histologies. After including hormone and @entity1 marker levels, a correct preoperative diagnosis was made for all @entity0 with germ cell, and for 75% of @entity0 with sexcord @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Scrotal US is highly sensitive for the detection of childhood primary @entity1 and, when combined with clinical data, highly reliable for differential diagnosis. It may help clinicians to decide when to opt for testis-sparing surgery.

title: High reliability of scrotal ultrasonography in the management of childhood primary XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The primary effort of neurosurgery over the past two or three decades has been to deal effectively with @entity3 surgically. Concomitantly with aggressive medical treatment, considerable progress has occurred in the prevention of early rebleeding and the treatment of the @entity1 , the most serious features of the natural history of a @entity5 . The major problem now becoming evident is that in spite of this progress, the majority of @entity0 are not seen by physicians and there has been only a small impact on the overall morbidity. It is dismaying to realize that many @entity0 go unrecognized, at least until a massive brain-destroying @entity4 has occurred. Only a small fraction of the @entity0 are seen after the initial bleed when the greatest therapeutic reward would occur. The challenge for the future, then, will be the early recognition of the initial @entity4 , the warning @entity4 . It will require public education about the problem in a continuing fashion, as well as continuing emphasis on it for students and physicians. The potential for prevention of @entity2 or dreadful disability is large for thousands in the prime of life each year. While delayed surgery is safe, a significant amount of rebleeding and @entity1 with @entity6 still occur, resulting in an unsatisfactory overall morbidity. A collaborative study is desirable to determine with sufficient @entity0 whether very early modern operation in many hands will reduce this morbidity.

title: Progress in cerebrovascular disease. Management of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cytological examination of pleural fluids is a fast, efficient and non-invasive diagnostic method. Identification of malignant effusions bears critical importance in treatment and prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of cytopathologic diagnoses in @entity2 and the cyto-histopathologic correlation rates. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 298 pleural fluid cases diagnosed from 2008 to 2009 in our laboratory were retrospectively identified as the study group. Evaluation results were classified in 5 groups as inconclusive, benign, atypical, suspicious and malignant, and compared with the biopsy results. RESULTS: Of the total 298 pleural fluid cases, 114 (38.3%) were females and 184 (61.7%) were males. The age range was between 15 and 89 with a mean value of 58.4 +/- 17.8. Of the cases, 3 (1%) were diagnosed as inadequate, 246 (82.6%) benign, 8 atypical, 10 suspicious, and 31 malignant by cytology. Among the cases who were diagnosed as malignant, 24 (8.1%) were reported as @entity0 and 7 (2.3%) as @entity3 . Of the 8 cases reported as atypical, biopsy results of 2 showed @entity3 , and of the 10 cases reported as suspicious, 1 case whose biopsy result was obtained was diagnosed as @entity1 metastasis. CONCLUSION: Cytological examination is the most valuable diagnostic method for @entity2 which may have various etiological causes. The most common cause of @entity2 in our region is metastatic @entity0 including those from the lung, @entity4 , followed by @entity3 .

title: Cytopathologic diagnosis in XXXX and cyto-histopathologic correlation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Results in @entity0 over 14 years of age who have undergone surgical closure of a patent ductus arteriosus during the period 1967 through 1979 have been reviewed. There were 131 subjects (average age 22 years) with a slight male predominance, which is at variance with other reports. Sixty-two subjects underwent hemodynamic evaluation and of these, 30 had pulmonary artery pressures ranging from 50 to 150 mm Hg. Division and suture of the ductus with aortic cross-clamping under normothermic conditions was performed in 61 subjects. This approach was particularly indicated in cases in which the ductus was unusually short in relation to its diameter as well as in many with @entity2 changes at the aortic end. In 65 subjects, the conventional division and suture with ductus clamps was employed. Total cardiopulmonary bypass with transaortic patch closure of the ductus was carried out in three instances. There were five early deaths which were principally associated with severe @entity1 . During a follow-up period extending from 1 to 11 years, three subjects died, but the remainder are well and active. Recatheterization data in nine @entity0 with severe @entity1 showed gratifying results.

title: The adult ductus: review of surgical experience with 131 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A new @entity4 derivative ( @entity7 ) was given extra-amniotically to 17 healthy @entity0 , who were 7-8 weeks pregnant, in order to assess the plasma profile of @entity8 , 17 @entity9 (E2), and @entity3 and to evaluate the effectiveness and overall acceptability of the method in relation to different dose levels. On the lowest dose level (5 micrograms) only 3 of 7 @entity0 aborted within a 3-to 6-day period. At higher dose levels (10 and 15 micrograms, respectively) 9 out of 10 @entity0 exhibited clinical evidence of an abortion. In the group who aborted, E2, @entity3 , and @entity8 decreased continuously, whereas in the nonabortion group decreased levels were found 3 and 6 h after administration of the drug, but already after 24 h the values had again increased. Practically all treated @entity0 experienced lower abdominal discomfort, 7 (41%) reported the @entity1 being severe. Vomiting and/or @entity2 occurred in 4 @entity0 (24%). Similarly to other hitherto tested @entity5 in @entity0 , this new analogue exhibits its effect primarily through direct stimulatory effect on the uterine smooth muscle, resulting in subsequent decline in the concentrations of @entity8 , E2, and @entity3 . In the group of successful inductions the decrease of the @entity8 concentration was close the half-time of @entity8 , indicating a permanent damage to the placenta. Despite the high success rate at a dose of 10 micrograms or more, the side effects, mainly abdominal cramps. were too severe to make this method feasible for the induction of @entity6 when comparing to the available routine procedure of rapid vacuum curettage used on an outpatients basis.

title: XXXX , @entity3 and 17-beta-estradiol levels during extra-amniotically induced @entity6 by a new prostaglandin derivative (Sulprostone).

answer: @entity8


abstract: A new @entity4 derivative ( @entity7 ) was given extra-amniotically to 17 healthy @entity0 , who were 7-8 weeks pregnant, in order to assess the plasma profile of @entity8 , 17 @entity9 (E2), and @entity3 and to evaluate the effectiveness and overall acceptability of the method in relation to different dose levels. On the lowest dose level (5 micrograms) only 3 of 7 @entity0 aborted within a 3-to 6-day period. At higher dose levels (10 and 15 micrograms, respectively) 9 out of 10 @entity0 exhibited clinical evidence of an abortion. In the group who aborted, E2, @entity3 , and @entity8 decreased continuously, whereas in the nonabortion group decreased levels were found 3 and 6 h after administration of the drug, but already after 24 h the values had again increased. Practically all treated @entity0 experienced lower abdominal discomfort, 7 (41%) reported the @entity1 being severe. Vomiting and/or @entity2 occurred in 4 @entity0 (24%). Similarly to other hitherto tested @entity5 in @entity0 , this new analogue exhibits its effect primarily through direct stimulatory effect on the uterine smooth muscle, resulting in subsequent decline in the concentrations of @entity8 , E2, and @entity3 . In the group of successful inductions the decrease of the @entity8 concentration was close the half-time of @entity8 , indicating a permanent damage to the placenta. Despite the high success rate at a dose of 10 micrograms or more, the side effects, mainly abdominal cramps. were too severe to make this method feasible for the induction of @entity6 when comparing to the available routine procedure of rapid vacuum curettage used on an outpatients basis.

title: @entity8 , XXXX and 17-beta-estradiol levels during extra-amniotically induced @entity6 by a new prostaglandin derivative (Sulprostone).

answer: @entity3


abstract: A new @entity4 derivative ( @entity7 ) was given extra-amniotically to 17 healthy @entity0 , who were 7-8 weeks pregnant, in order to assess the plasma profile of @entity8 , 17 @entity9 (E2), and @entity3 and to evaluate the effectiveness and overall acceptability of the method in relation to different dose levels. On the lowest dose level (5 micrograms) only 3 of 7 @entity0 aborted within a 3-to 6-day period. At higher dose levels (10 and 15 micrograms, respectively) 9 out of 10 @entity0 exhibited clinical evidence of an abortion. In the group who aborted, E2, @entity3 , and @entity8 decreased continuously, whereas in the nonabortion group decreased levels were found 3 and 6 h after administration of the drug, but already after 24 h the values had again increased. Practically all treated @entity0 experienced lower abdominal discomfort, 7 (41%) reported the @entity1 being severe. Vomiting and/or @entity2 occurred in 4 @entity0 (24%). Similarly to other hitherto tested @entity5 in @entity0 , this new analogue exhibits its effect primarily through direct stimulatory effect on the uterine smooth muscle, resulting in subsequent decline in the concentrations of @entity8 , E2, and @entity3 . In the group of successful inductions the decrease of the @entity8 concentration was close the half-time of @entity8 , indicating a permanent damage to the placenta. Despite the high success rate at a dose of 10 micrograms or more, the side effects, mainly abdominal cramps. were too severe to make this method feasible for the induction of @entity6 when comparing to the available routine procedure of rapid vacuum curettage used on an outpatients basis.

title: @entity8 , @entity3 and 17-beta-estradiol levels during extra-amniotically induced XXXX by a new prostaglandin derivative (Sulprostone).

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 leads to limited hip motion, @entity1 and progressive damage to the labrum. Assessment of the amount and location of excessive ossification can be difficult, and removal does not always lead to @entity1 relief and an increase of function. One of the challenges ahead is to discover why certain cases have poor outcomes. CASE PRESENTATION: The technical and clinical results of two consecutive arthroscopic shavings of an osseous cam protrusion are described in our @entity0 , a 50-year-old Caucasian @entity0 with complaints of @entity2 . At 12 weeks after the first arthroscopic shaving, our @entity0 still experienced @entity1 . Using a range of motion simulation system based on computed tomography images the kinematics of his hip joint were analyzed. Bone that limited range of motion was removed in a second arthroscopic procedure. At six months post-operatively our @entity0 is almost @entity1 free and has regained a range of motion to a functional level. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates the relevance of range of motion simulation when the outcome of primary arthroscopic management is unsatisfactory. Such simulations may aid clinicians in determining the gain of a second operation. This claim is supported by the correlation of the simulations with clinical outcome, as shown in this case report.

title: XXXX and its implications on range of motion: a case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twelve cases of pathergic (Wegener's) @entity6 are described, with special attention focused on the long duration of mucosal and @entity2 in untreated cases, designated as the protracted superficial phenomenon, and on the histologic features that may be helpful in making the diagnosis. The long duration, often the result of a lack of proper interpretation of histologic details, was associated in some of the cases studied with the development of intractable @entity1 or mutilation of the face. Since cytotoxic therapy offers the opportunity to prevent these complications, the desirability of an early diagnosis is obvious. Biopsy is the principal means of diagnosis, and therefore interpretation of histologic details is of paramount importance. Helpful histologic features found in the extravascular and vascular tissues of the specimens studed were focal @entity0 , @entity3 , palisading @entity4 , giant cells, and @entity5 . Nonpalisading foci of granular @entity0 or @entity3 appeared to precede the development of the typical palisading @entity4 . Both focal @entity0 and focal @entity3 occurred independently of intrinsic vascular involvement and in themselves are distinctive features of pathergic (Wegener's) @entity6 . There was predominance of the extravascular components in the cases studied with occasional absence of @entity5 . Both the extravascular and vascular components are important in making a definitive diagnosis, but the extravascular component is characteristic, even in the absence of @entity5 . The extravascular tissues and the vessels are parallel contemporaneous target tissues.

title: The protracted superficial phenomenon in pathergic (Wegener's) XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The aim of this study is to identify possible risks factors for the occurrence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 diagnosed with posterior fossa @entity1 consecutively admitted to our institution between 2006 and 2008 were the subjects of this prospective study. Besides standard neurological and radiological evaluations, all @entity0 underwent thorough neuropsychological assessments at admission and following surgery. @entity0 under two or older than 16  years of age and those with a severe pre-operative clinical condition precluding neuropsychological assessment were excluded. Thirty-four @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 23 @entity0 with normal language on admission and group II had 11 @entity0 showing pre-operative @entity2 (PLI). PLI was observed in 11 @entity0 (32.4%: group II). Post-operatively, seven out of 34 @entity0 developed @entity3 (20.6%), all of them belonging to group II. In group II, indeed, the incidence of @entity3 was 63%. No case of @entity3 was observed in group I. PLI regressed after the operation in three out of the four subjects belonging to group II who did not develop @entity3 . PLI remained unchanged in the last @entity0 of this group. Posterior fossa @entity1 resection can have different effects on @entity0 with pre-existing @entity2 (PLI). PLI can be considered a subclinical state of @entity3 in some @entity0 with posterior fossa @entity1 . However, in some @entity0 with PLI, the @entity1 resection may improve the linguistic abilities, as well as the other neurocognitive performances. In the present series, @entity0 with normal pre-operative language function did not develop post-operative mutism.

title: XXXX : evidence for pre-surgical @entity2 as primary risk factor in posterior fossa surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study is to identify possible risks factors for the occurrence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 diagnosed with posterior fossa @entity1 consecutively admitted to our institution between 2006 and 2008 were the subjects of this prospective study. Besides standard neurological and radiological evaluations, all @entity0 underwent thorough neuropsychological assessments at admission and following surgery. @entity0 under two or older than 16  years of age and those with a severe pre-operative clinical condition precluding neuropsychological assessment were excluded. Thirty-four @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 23 @entity0 with normal language on admission and group II had 11 @entity0 showing pre-operative @entity2 (PLI). PLI was observed in 11 @entity0 (32.4%: group II). Post-operatively, seven out of 34 @entity0 developed @entity3 (20.6%), all of them belonging to group II. In group II, indeed, the incidence of @entity3 was 63%. No case of @entity3 was observed in group I. PLI regressed after the operation in three out of the four subjects belonging to group II who did not develop @entity3 . PLI remained unchanged in the last @entity0 of this group. Posterior fossa @entity1 resection can have different effects on @entity0 with pre-existing @entity2 (PLI). PLI can be considered a subclinical state of @entity3 in some @entity0 with posterior fossa @entity1 . However, in some @entity0 with PLI, the @entity1 resection may improve the linguistic abilities, as well as the other neurocognitive performances. In the present series, @entity0 with normal pre-operative language function did not develop post-operative mutism.

title: @entity3 : evidence for pre-surgical XXXX as primary risk factor in posterior fossa surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNICs) utilize descending inhibitory controls through poorly understood brain stem pathways. The @entity0 counterpart, conditioned pain modulation, is reduced in @entity0 with neuropathy aligned with animal data showing a loss of descending inhibitory @entity3 controls together with a gain of 5-HT3 receptor-mediated facilitations after neuropathy. We investigated the pharmacological basis of @entity9 and whether it can be restored after neuropathy. Deep dorsal horn neurons were activated by von Frey filaments applied to the hind paw, and @entity9 was induced by a pinch applied to the ear in @entity8 -anaesthetized animals. Spinal nerve ligation was the model of neuropathy. Diffuse noxious inhibitory control was present in control @entity1 but abolished after neuropathy. a2 adrenoceptor mechanisms underlie @entity9 because the antagonists, @entity5 and @entity12 , markedly attenuated this descending inhibition. We restored @entity9 in spinal nerve ligated animals by blocking 5-HT3 descending facilitations with the antagonist @entity6 or by enhancing @entity3 modulation through the use of @entity10 (a @entity3 reuptake inhibitor, NRI) or @entity11 ( -opioid receptor agonist and NRI). Additionally, ondansetron enhanced @entity9 in normal animals. Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls are reduced after peripheral nerve injury illustrating the central impact of neuropathy, leading to an imbalance in descending excitations and inhibitions. Underlying noradrenergic mechanisms explain the relationship between conditioned pain modulation and the use of @entity11 and @entity7 (a @entity2 , NRI) in @entity0 . We suggest that pharmacological strategies through manipulation of the @entity4 system could be used to enhance @entity9 in @entity0 by blocking descending facilitations with ondansetron or enhancing @entity3 inhibitions, so possibly reducing chronic pain.

title: Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls and nerve injury: restoring an imbalance between descending XXXX inhibitions and facilitations.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the clinical impact of strut width (evaluated by abluminal strut surface area [ASSA]) on periprocedural @entity2 (PMI) and clinical outcomes in @entity0 treated with bioresorbable scaffolds ( @entity3 ) versus first-generation sirolimus-eluting stents (SES). BACKGROUND: To date, there are no reports on the impact of ASSA on PMI and clinical outcomes. METHODS: We compared the impact of ASSA on outcomes and PMI in propensity-matched @entity0 treated with @entity3 and SES. The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse @entity1 (MACE), defined as the combination of all-cause mortality, follow-up @entity2 , and target vessel revascularization, at 30-days and 1-year follow-ups. The secondary endpoint was the incidence of PMI. RESULTS: After propensity-matched analysis, 499 @entity0 (147 @entity3 @entity0 vs. 352 SES @entity0 ) were evaluated. Mean ASSA was higher in @entity0 treated with @entity3 versus SES ( @entity3 : 132.3    76.7 mm(2) vs. SES: 67.6    48.4 mm(2), p  <  0.001). MACE was not significantly different between groups (30-days MACE: @entity3 : 0% vs. SES: 1.4%, p  = 0.16, and 1-year MACE: @entity3 : 15.7% vs. SES: 11.4%, p  = 0.67). The incidence of PMI was significantly higher in the @entity3 group ( @entity3 :  13.1% vs. SES: 7.5%, p  = 0.05). Multivariable analyses indicated that treatment of left anterior descending artery and ASSA were independent predictors of PMI. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 implantation, compared with SES implantation, was associated with a higher incidence of PMI. MACE at 30 days and 1 year were not significantly different. Left anterior descending artery percutaneous coronary intervention and ASSA were independent predictors of PMI.

title: Impact of Strut Width in Periprocedural XXXX : A Propensity-Matched Comparison Between Bioresorbable Scaffolds and the First-Generation Sirolimus-Eluting Stent.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To propose a formalized consensus agreement regarding the prescription of azithromycin in @entity2 (CF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Application of the Delphi method in 5 thematic fields: indications, contra-indications, dosage, precautions for use and treatment follow-up. RESULTS: Thirty identified French CF centers participated in the process on 49 (61%), which comprised 3 rounds. Experts validated azithromycin as a long-term anti-inflammatory agent in @entity0 aged over 6 years, presenting with the classical form of CF, irrespective of the bacteriological status of the @entity0 (except for @entity1 ). Azithromycin administration should not be routine in the milder forms of the disease, and avoided in the presence of severe hepatic or renal involvement. In @entity0 whose weight is below 40 kg, a strong consensus recommended a single daily oral dose, administered three times weekly. However, in adults, the level of agreement was weaker. Minimal duration of treatment is 6 months, after which the drug should be discontinued if no observable effect is noted on clinical parameters, exacerbation rate and/or FEV1. Clinical monitoring of treatment tolerance is recommended (nausea, diarrhea, skin rash, tinnitus, deafness, arthropathy), without increasing the frequency of surveillance of sputum bacteria. However, it is essential to monitor sputum for fungi (expectoration, Aspergillus, broncho-pulmonary allergic aspergillosis). CONCLUSION: This consensus statement defines an area for the prescription of azithromycin in CF, with the aim of better harmonization of its use.

title: [National consensus regarding azithromycin use in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sexual problems are highly prevalent among @entity0 with @entity1 . They may be caused by the psychopathology of the @entity1 but also by its pharmacotherapy. Both positive symptoms (e.g., @entity5 , @entity8 ) as well as negative symptoms (e.g., @entity9 ) of @entity2 may negatively interfere with interpersonal and sexual relationships. Atypical antipsychotics have fewer sexual side-effects than the classic antipsychotics. @entity7 may affect libido, sexual arousal, orgasm, and erectile function. With the exception of bupropion, agomelatine, mirtazapine, vortioxetine, amineptine, and moclobemide, all antidepressants cause sexual side-effects. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may particularly delay ejaculation and female orgasm, but also can cause decreased libido and erectile difficulties. SSRI-induced sexual side-effects are dose-dependent and reversible. Very rarely, their sexual side-effects persist after SSRI discontinuation. This is often preceded by genital anesthesia. Some personality characteristics are a risk factor for @entity3 . Also @entity0 with @entity6 may suffer from @entity4 . So far, research into psychotropic-induced sexual side-effects suffers from substantial methodologic limitations. @entity0 tend not to talk with their clinician about their sexual life. Psychiatrists and other doctors need to take the initiative to talk about the @entity0 's sexual life in order to become informed about potential medication-induced @entity4 .

title: @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sexual problems are highly prevalent among @entity0 with @entity1 . They may be caused by the psychopathology of the @entity1 but also by its pharmacotherapy. Both positive symptoms (e.g., @entity5 , @entity8 ) as well as negative symptoms (e.g., @entity9 ) of @entity2 may negatively interfere with interpersonal and sexual relationships. Atypical antipsychotics have fewer sexual side-effects than the classic antipsychotics. @entity7 may affect libido, sexual arousal, orgasm, and erectile function. With the exception of bupropion, agomelatine, mirtazapine, vortioxetine, amineptine, and moclobemide, all antidepressants cause sexual side-effects. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may particularly delay ejaculation and female orgasm, but also can cause decreased libido and erectile difficulties. SSRI-induced sexual side-effects are dose-dependent and reversible. Very rarely, their sexual side-effects persist after SSRI discontinuation. This is often preceded by genital anesthesia. Some personality characteristics are a risk factor for @entity3 . Also @entity0 with @entity6 may suffer from @entity4 . So far, research into psychotropic-induced sexual side-effects suffers from substantial methodologic limitations. @entity0 tend not to talk with their clinician about their sexual life. Psychiatrists and other doctors need to take the initiative to talk about the @entity0 's sexual life in order to become informed about potential medication-induced @entity4 .

title: XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in @entity0 with @entity3 treated at our institution and report oncological outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of @entity0 with intermediate- or high-grade @entity3 treated with curative intent at our institution from 1993 to 2013 were reviewed. @entity0 @entity2 characteristics, and treatment modalities used were assessed. Overall survival (OS), @entity2 -specific survival (CSS), and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were calculated. RESULTS: Eight @entity0 met inclusion criteria. The mean age at presentation was 64 years, and @entity5 was the most common presenting symptom. All @entity0 underwent surgical resection and neoadjuvant radiation and 6 had concurrent chemotherapy. Four @entity0 received intraoperative radiation. With a median follow-up of 36 months, there were no local recurrences, 6 @entity1 , 4 deaths from disease, and no deaths from other causes. The median OS and CSS was 67.8 months, with actuarial OS and CSS rates of 100% at 1 year, 75% at 2 years, 62.5% at 3 years, and 62.5% at 5 years. Median @entity4 was 14.2 months, with actuarial @entity4 rate of 75% at 1 year, 37.5% at 2 years, and 25% at 3 years. CONCLUSION: @entity3 are rarely cured using surgical resection alone. Our cohort treated with a multimodality approach had favorable CSS and @entity4 compared with historic and contemporary series of surgery alone and no local recurrences. Most @entity0 developed metastatic recurrence, highlighting the aggressive nature of this disease.

title: Multimodal Therapy in the Treatment of XXXX : The Johns Hopkins Experience.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Ghrelin, a natural ligand for the @entity5 ( @entity5 )-secretagogue receptor, is primarily produced in the stomach. Administration of ghrelin stimulates food intake and @entity5 secretion in both animals and @entity0 . Ghrelin is the only circulating hormone known to stimulate appetite in @entity0 . As @entity5 is an anabolic hormone, protein stores are spared at the expense of fat during conditions of caloric restriction. Ghrelin also inhibits the production of anorectic proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, ghrelin exhibits anti-cachectic actions via both @entity5 -dependent and -independent mechanisms. Several studies are evaluating the efficacy of ghrelin in the treatment of @entity6 caused by a variety of diseases, including @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity2 . These studies will hopefully lead to the development of novel clinical applications for ghrelin in the future. These studies have also facilitated a better understanding of the molecular basis of the anti-catabolic effects of ghrelin. This review summarizes the recent advances in this area of research.

title: Ghrelin for XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIMS: To assess the efficacy of pulse dose rate (PDR) interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of @entity4 and to compare with historical data of low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of 27 consecutive @entity0 treated in our institution with exclusive PDR brachytherapy for a @entity5 . The median @entity2 greatest diameter was 20  mm (range: 10-50  mm). Twenty-three @entity0 (85%) had @entity2 limited to the glans and/or prepuce and four @entity0 (15%) also had inguinal lymph node @entity1 . Implantations were carried out according to the Paris system and treatments were delivered with PDR brachytherapy. RESULTS: The median brachytherapy dose was 60  Gy (range: 60-70  Gy). The median treated volume was 28  cm(3) (range: 8-62  cm(3)). The median reference isodose rate was 0.4  Gy/pulse/h (range: 0.4-0.5  Gy/pulse/h). The median number of pulses was 150 (range: 120-175 pulses). With a median follow-up of 33 months (range: 6-64 months), @entity2 relapses in the penis were reported in four @entity0 (15%). All @entity0 with only local relapse (n  =  3) were successfully salvaged with partial amputation. The estimated overall survival rate at 3 years was 95% (95% confidence interval: 83-100%). No grade 3 or more acute reaction was observed. Delayed @entity6 and stenoses requiring at least one meatal dilatation were reported in two (9%) and five (22%) @entity0 without local relapse. The treated volume was significantly correlated to the risk of clinically relevant delayed @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy/ @entity3 results of PDR brachytherapy for the treatment of @entity7 are comparable with those obtained with LDR brachytherapy in historical cohorts.

title: Clinical Experience with Pulse Dose Rate Brachytherapy for Conservative Treatment of XXXX and Comparison with Historical Data of Low Dose Rate Brachytherapy.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of newly diagnosed @entity2 2 @entity1 is diverse, with no clear consensus regarding the initial drug regimen or dosing to achieve optimal glycemic control. METHODS: We treated 44 consecutive @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity2 2 @entity1 with maximally tolerated doses of pioglitazone 45mg/day, metformin 1000-2000mg/day, and repaglinide 1-4mg before meals. The doses and drugs were subsequently decreased ("subtraction therapy") to achieve optimal glycemic control and minimize side effects. Three primary outcomes were measured: the short term HbA1c response, the long term HbA1c response, and the incidence of @entity3 . RESULTS: All 44 @entity0 responded with a rapid, progressive decline in their HbA1c levels from 11.43  2.3% to 6.17  0.72% (101  25.1mmol/mol to 44  7.9mmol/mol) by three months, and remained stable thereafter. An HbA1c  <=7.0% ( <=53mmol/mol) was reached within 1-4months in 42 of 44 @entity0 , and in every @entity0 by 12months. Each @entity0 's lowest HbA1c level, 5.65  0.6% (38  6.6mmol/mol), was reached over 6.3  2.9months. @entity0 with initial HbA1c levels >10% (>86mmol/mol) (n=33) responded similarly as those with HbA1c levels <10% (<86mmol/mol) (n=11). Combination drug therapy maintained HbA1c levels between 5.0 and 7.0% (31 and 53mmol/mol) for up to 14.83years. Only one clinically significant hypoglycemic event occurred during 261.08 @entity0 -years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, combination drug "subtraction therapy" was safe and effective for treating all newly diagnosed @entity2 2 @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Getting to goal in newly diagnosed XXXX 2 @entity1 using combination drug "subtraction therapy".

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of newly diagnosed @entity2 2 @entity1 is diverse, with no clear consensus regarding the initial drug regimen or dosing to achieve optimal glycemic control. METHODS: We treated 44 consecutive @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity2 2 @entity1 with maximally tolerated doses of pioglitazone 45mg/day, metformin 1000-2000mg/day, and repaglinide 1-4mg before meals. The doses and drugs were subsequently decreased ("subtraction therapy") to achieve optimal glycemic control and minimize side effects. Three primary outcomes were measured: the short term HbA1c response, the long term HbA1c response, and the incidence of @entity3 . RESULTS: All 44 @entity0 responded with a rapid, progressive decline in their HbA1c levels from 11.43  2.3% to 6.17  0.72% (101  25.1mmol/mol to 44  7.9mmol/mol) by three months, and remained stable thereafter. An HbA1c  <=7.0% ( <=53mmol/mol) was reached within 1-4months in 42 of 44 @entity0 , and in every @entity0 by 12months. Each @entity0 's lowest HbA1c level, 5.65  0.6% (38  6.6mmol/mol), was reached over 6.3  2.9months. @entity0 with initial HbA1c levels >10% (>86mmol/mol) (n=33) responded similarly as those with HbA1c levels <10% (<86mmol/mol) (n=11). Combination drug therapy maintained HbA1c levels between 5.0 and 7.0% (31 and 53mmol/mol) for up to 14.83years. Only one clinically significant hypoglycemic event occurred during 261.08 @entity0 -years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, combination drug "subtraction therapy" was safe and effective for treating all newly diagnosed @entity2 2 @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Getting to goal in newly diagnosed @entity2 2 XXXX using combination drug "subtraction therapy".

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 is a gram-variable obligate intracellular bacterium which carries out its development cycle in the phagolysosome of eucaryotic cells. Ultrastructural analysis of @entity0 , in situ and after Renografin purification, by transmission electron microscopy of lead-stained thin sections has revealed extreme pleomorphism as demonstrated by two morphological cell types, a large cell variant (LCV) and a small cell variant ( @entity1 ). @entity2 staining of purified rickettsiae revealed a number of differences in the internal structures of the cell variants. (i) The outer membrane of the @entity1 and LCV were comparable; however, the underlying dense layer of the @entity1 was much wider and more prominent than that of the LCV. The periplasmic space of the @entity1 was not readily visualized, whereas the periplasmic space of the LCV was apparent and resembled that of other gram-negative bacteria. (ii) Complex internal membranous intrusions which appeared to originate from the cytoplasmic membrane were observed in the @entity1 . The LCV did not harbor an extensive membranous system. (iii) Some LCVs contained a dense body in the periplasmic space. This endogenous structure appeared to arise in one pole of the LCV as an electrondense "cap" formation with the progressive development of a dense body approximately 130 to 170 nm in diameter which was eventually surrounded by a coat of at least four layers. Our observations suggest that the morphogenesis of @entity0 is comparable, although not identical, to cellular differentiation of endospore formation. A developmental cycle consisting of vegetative and sporogenic differentiation is proposed.

title: Developmental cycle of XXXX : structure and morphogenesis of vegetative and sporogenic differentiations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 . hominissuis is an opportunistic pathogen that is associated with biofilm-related @entity1 of the respiratory tract and is difficult to treat. In recent years, extracellular DNA (eDNA) has been found to be a major component of bacterial biofilms, including many pathogens involved in biofilm-associated @entity1 . To date, eDNA has not been described as a component of mycobacterial biofilms. In this study, we identified and characterized eDNA in a high biofilm-producing strain of @entity2 . hominissuis (MAH). In addition, we surveyed for presence of eDNA in various MAH strains and other nontuberculous mycobacteria. Biofilms of MAH A5 (high biofilm-producing strain) and MAH 104 (reference strain) were established at 22  C and 37  C on abiotic surfaces. Acellular biofilm matrix and supernatant from MAH A5 7 day-old biofilms both possess abundant eDNA, however very little eDNA was found in MAH 104 biofilms. A survey of MAH clinical isolates and other clinically relevant nontuberculous mycobacterial species revealed many species and strains that also produce eDNA. RAPD analysis demonstrated that eDNA resembles genomic DNA. Treatment with DNase I reduced the biomass of MAH A5 biofilms when added upon biofilm formation or to an already established biofilm both on abiotic surfaces and on top of @entity0 pharyngeal epithelial cells. Furthermore, co-treatment of an established biofilm with DNase 1 and either @entity3 or @entity4 significantly increased the susceptibility of the bacteria within the biofilm to these clinically used antimicrobials. Collectively, our results describe an additional matrix component of mycobacterial biofilms and a potential new target to help treat biofilm-associated nontuberculous @entity1 .

title: XXXX Possesses Extracellular DNA that Contributes to Biofilm Formation, Structural Integrity, and Tolerance to Antibiotics.

answer: @entity2


abstract: KEY POINTS: The dilatory role for sensory innervation of mesenteric arteries (MAs) is impaired in Old (   24  months) versus Young (   4  months) @entity0 . We investigated the nature of this impairment in isolated pressurized MAs. With perivascular sensory nerve stimulation, dilatation and inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction observed in Young MAs were lost in Old MAs along with impaired dilatation to @entity12 ( @entity12 ). Inhibiting NO and @entity7 synthesis increased @entity12 EC50 in Young and Old MAs. Endothelial denudation attenuated dilatation to @entity12 in Old MAs yet enhanced dilatation to @entity12 in Young MAs while abolishing all dilatations to @entity9 . In Old MAs, sensory nerve density was reduced and @entity13 ( @entity12 receptor component) associated with nuclear regions of endothelial cells in a manner not seen in Young MAs or in smooth muscle cells of either age. With advanced age, loss of dilatory signalling mediated through perivascular sensory nerves may compromise perfusion of visceral organs. ABSTRACT: @entity2 and sympathetic nerve activity increase with advancing age. In the gut, blood flow is governed by perivascular sensory and sympathetic nerves but little is known of how their functional role is affected by advanced age. We tested the hypothesis that functional sensory innervation of mesenteric arteries (MAs) is impaired for Old (24  months) versus Young (4  months) C57BL/6 male @entity0 . In cannulated pressurized MAs preconstricted 50% with @entity4 and treated with @entity6 (to inhibit sympathetic neurotransmission), perivascular nerve stimulation (PNS) evoked dilatation in Young but not Old MAs while dilatations to @entity9 were not different between age groups. In Young MAs, @entity5 (to inhibit sensory neurotransmission) blocked dilatation and increased constriction during PNS. With no difference in efficacy, the EC50 of @entity12 as a vasodilator was    6-fold greater in Old versus Young MAs. Inhibiting @entity3 ( @entity11 ) and @entity7 ( @entity8 ) synthesis increased @entity12 EC50 in both age groups. Endothelial denudation reduced the efficacy of dilatation to @entity12 by    30% in Old MAs yet increased this efficacy    15% in Young MAs while all dilatations to @entity9 were abolished. Immunolabelling revealed reduced density of sensory ( @entity12 ) but not sympathetic ( @entity10 hydroxylase) innervation for Old versus Young MAs. Whereas the distribution of @entity12 receptor proteins was similar in SMCs, @entity13 associated with nuclear regions of endothelial cells of Old but not Young MAs. With advanced age, the @entity1 and diminished effectiveness of @entity12 as a vasodilator is multifaceted and may adversely affect splanchnic perfusion.

title: Depressed perivascular sensory innervation of XXXX mesenteric arteries with advanced age.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disease progression rates among @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) vary greatly. Although the majority of affected individuals survive 3-5 years following diagnosis, some subgroups experience a more rapidly progressing form, surviving less than 1 year, and other subgroups experience slowly progressing forms, surviving nearly 50 years. Genetic heterogeneity and environmental factors pose significant barriers in investigating @entity0 progression rates. Similar to the case for @entity0 , variation in survival within the @entity4 @entity1 has been well documented, but different progression rates have not been investigated. The present study identifies two subgroups of B6SJL @entity4 ( @entity7 ) @entity1 with different disease progression rates, a @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and slow progression group, as evidenced by differences in the rate of motor function decline. In addition, increased disease-associated gene expression within the @entity6 facial motor nucleus confirmed the presence of a more severe phenotype. We hypothesize that a more @entity2 phenotype could be the result of 1) an earlier onset of axonal disconnection with a consistent degeneration rate or 2) a more severe or accelerated degenerative process. We performed a facial nerve transection axotomy in both @entity4 subgroups prior to disease onset as a method to standardize the axonal disconnection. Instead of leading to comparable gene expression in both subgroups, this standardization did not eliminate the severe phenotype in the @entity6 facial nucleus, suggesting that the @entity6 phenotype is the result of a more severe or accelerated degenerative process. We theorize that these @entity4 subgroups are representative of the rapid and @entity3 phenotypes often experienced in @entity5 . J. Comp. Neurol., 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Identification of B6SJL @entity4 ( XXXX ) @entity1 subgroups with different disease progression rates.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disease progression rates among @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) vary greatly. Although the majority of affected individuals survive 3-5 years following diagnosis, some subgroups experience a more rapidly progressing form, surviving less than 1 year, and other subgroups experience slowly progressing forms, surviving nearly 50 years. Genetic heterogeneity and environmental factors pose significant barriers in investigating @entity0 progression rates. Similar to the case for @entity0 , variation in survival within the @entity4 @entity1 has been well documented, but different progression rates have not been investigated. The present study identifies two subgroups of B6SJL @entity4 ( @entity7 ) @entity1 with different disease progression rates, a @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and slow progression group, as evidenced by differences in the rate of motor function decline. In addition, increased disease-associated gene expression within the @entity6 facial motor nucleus confirmed the presence of a more severe phenotype. We hypothesize that a more @entity2 phenotype could be the result of 1) an earlier onset of axonal disconnection with a consistent degeneration rate or 2) a more severe or accelerated degenerative process. We performed a facial nerve transection axotomy in both @entity4 subgroups prior to disease onset as a method to standardize the axonal disconnection. Instead of leading to comparable gene expression in both subgroups, this standardization did not eliminate the severe phenotype in the @entity6 facial nucleus, suggesting that the @entity6 phenotype is the result of a more severe or accelerated degenerative process. We theorize that these @entity4 subgroups are representative of the rapid and @entity3 phenotypes often experienced in @entity5 . J. Comp. Neurol., 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Identification of B6SJL XXXX ( @entity7 ) @entity1 subgroups with different disease progression rates.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disease progression rates among @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) vary greatly. Although the majority of affected individuals survive 3-5 years following diagnosis, some subgroups experience a more rapidly progressing form, surviving less than 1 year, and other subgroups experience slowly progressing forms, surviving nearly 50 years. Genetic heterogeneity and environmental factors pose significant barriers in investigating @entity0 progression rates. Similar to the case for @entity0 , variation in survival within the @entity4 @entity1 has been well documented, but different progression rates have not been investigated. The present study identifies two subgroups of B6SJL @entity4 ( @entity7 ) @entity1 with different disease progression rates, a @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and slow progression group, as evidenced by differences in the rate of motor function decline. In addition, increased disease-associated gene expression within the @entity6 facial motor nucleus confirmed the presence of a more severe phenotype. We hypothesize that a more @entity2 phenotype could be the result of 1) an earlier onset of axonal disconnection with a consistent degeneration rate or 2) a more severe or accelerated degenerative process. We performed a facial nerve transection axotomy in both @entity4 subgroups prior to disease onset as a method to standardize the axonal disconnection. Instead of leading to comparable gene expression in both subgroups, this standardization did not eliminate the severe phenotype in the @entity6 facial nucleus, suggesting that the @entity6 phenotype is the result of a more severe or accelerated degenerative process. We theorize that these @entity4 subgroups are representative of the rapid and @entity3 phenotypes often experienced in @entity5 . J. Comp. Neurol., 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Identification of B6SJL @entity4 ( @entity7 ) XXXX subgroups with different disease progression rates.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 inhalation solution (CIS) delivered via nebulization is under evaluation for the prevention of chronic rejection post-lung transplant. A 300- @entity0 randomized, controlled clinical trial (CYCLIST) is expected to be completed late in 2011. In support of this trial, a chronic inhalation toxicology study in @entity3 has been completed. METHODS: To mimic the clinical setting, animals (four/sex/dose plus two/sex/dose in the control and high dose recovery groups) were exposed to aerosolized CIS, via nose-only exposure, three times per week for 9 months at targeted inhaled doses of 0 (air), 4, 12, and 24   mg/kg. In addition, the potential for persistence or reversibility of any toxic effects were assessed after a 6-week recovery period. The toxicological endpoints included clinical observations, body-weight, food consumption, toxicokinetics, clinical chemistry, and histopathology. RESULTS: All @entity3 receiving CIS completed the study with the only consistent observations being excessive salivation and changes in minute ventilation. There was no limiting lung or systemic @entity1 associated with exposure to CIS, and the only possible drug-related effect was an observation of benign @entity4 tissue in the mammary glands of the high-dose female recovery group. Toxicokinetic data showed that @entity2 is initially absorbed rapidly with little drug remaining in lung tissue or blood 24   h after the end of dosing. CONCLUSION: The study supports the pulmonary and systemic safety of aerosolized CIS at expected lung dose levels/kg of up to 12 times greater than the average dose @entity0 are receiving in the CYCLIST trial.

title: Safety and toxicology of XXXX in propylene glycol after 9-month aerosol exposure to @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 inhalation solution (CIS) delivered via nebulization is under evaluation for the prevention of chronic rejection post-lung transplant. A 300- @entity0 randomized, controlled clinical trial (CYCLIST) is expected to be completed late in 2011. In support of this trial, a chronic inhalation toxicology study in @entity3 has been completed. METHODS: To mimic the clinical setting, animals (four/sex/dose plus two/sex/dose in the control and high dose recovery groups) were exposed to aerosolized CIS, via nose-only exposure, three times per week for 9 months at targeted inhaled doses of 0 (air), 4, 12, and 24   mg/kg. In addition, the potential for persistence or reversibility of any toxic effects were assessed after a 6-week recovery period. The toxicological endpoints included clinical observations, body-weight, food consumption, toxicokinetics, clinical chemistry, and histopathology. RESULTS: All @entity3 receiving CIS completed the study with the only consistent observations being excessive salivation and changes in minute ventilation. There was no limiting lung or systemic @entity1 associated with exposure to CIS, and the only possible drug-related effect was an observation of benign @entity4 tissue in the mammary glands of the high-dose female recovery group. Toxicokinetic data showed that @entity2 is initially absorbed rapidly with little drug remaining in lung tissue or blood 24   h after the end of dosing. CONCLUSION: The study supports the pulmonary and systemic safety of aerosolized CIS at expected lung dose levels/kg of up to 12 times greater than the average dose @entity0 are receiving in the CYCLIST trial.

title: Safety and toxicology of @entity2 in propylene glycol after 9-month aerosol exposure to XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased emphasis is being placed on the critical need to control @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 with @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a nurse-managed home telehealth intervention to improve outcomes in veterans with comorbid @entity1 and @entity2 . DESIGN: A single-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial design comparing two remote monitoring intensity levels and usual care in @entity0 with @entity4 2 @entity1 and @entity2 being treated in primary care was used. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes were hemoglobin A1c and systolic blood pressure (SBP); secondary outcome was adherence. RESULTS: Intervention subjects experienced decreased A1c during the 6-month intervention period compared with the control group, but 6 months after the intervention was withdrawn, the intervention groups were comparable with the control group. For SBP, the high-intensity subjects had a significant decrease in SBP compared with the other groups at 6 months and this pattern was maintained at 12 months. Adherence improved over time for all groups, but there were no differences among the three groups. LIMITATIONS: Subjects had relatively good baseline control for A1c and SBP; minorities and @entity0 were underrepresented. CONCLUSIONS: Home telehealth provides an innovative and pragmatic approach to enhance earlier detection of key clinical symptoms requiring intervention. Transmission of education and advice to the @entity0 on an ongoing basis with close surveillance by nurses can improve clinical outcomes in @entity0 with comorbid @entity3 .

title: Effectiveness of home telehealth in comorbid @entity1 and XXXX : a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity2