abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to define the characteristic sonographic features of @entity2 in the parotid gland, thus enhancing the ability to make a preoperative diagnosis of this disease process. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the sonograms of @entity2 of the parotid gland that had been confirmed by histopathologic examination of surgically excised specimens from @entity0 treated at our institution over a 2-year period. We recorded the echogenicity, shape, margin, and internal structure of the @entity1 and categorized them into 2 groups on the basis of size (< 5 cm versus > or =5 cm in the largest diameter). RESULTS: Eighteen @entity0 (16 @entity0 and 2 @entity0 ) with a mean age of 57 years (range, 29-82 years) were included in the analysis. One @entity0 had 2 @entity1 (1 in each parotid gland); the other 17 @entity0 each had only 1 @entity1 . Our review of the sonographic findings revealed that all 19 @entity1 were hypoechoic compared with the normal parenchyma of the affected parotid glands. Most of the @entity1 were ovoid, had well-defined margins, and contained multiple irregular, small, sponge-like anechoic areas. Tumors that were 5 cm or greater in diameter had a higher proportion of cystic content than smaller lesions had and in some cases were composed almost entirely of cystic material. CONCLUSIONS: Our evidence suggests that the sonographic appearance of a @entity2 in the parotid gland is distinctive: a well-defined round or ovoid hypoechoic mass containing microcystic anechoic areas. These sonographic features constitute useful criteria in the preoperative diagnosis of @entity2 in the parotid gland, although sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.

title: Characteristic sonographic findings of XXXX in the parotid gland.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The reoxidation of reduced @entity0 Complex III by oxidants believed to react with cytochrome c1 exhibited multiple phases for both cytochrome c1 and the cytochromes b; the reoxidation of @entity2 , but not cytochrome c1, was markedly slowed by the presence of @entity5 . The data are consistent with the Q-cycle or any other scheme which proposes a branched path for electron transport between the @entity2 centers and the endogenous Q6, provided certain constraints are relaxed. The reoxidation of the endogenous @entity3 proceeded at a rate comparable to that of the rapidly reacting @entity2 and appeared to be complete within 100 ms. Removal of the endogenous @entity3 did not change the rate or extent of reoxidation of any of the @entity1 centers, demonstrating that @entity3 is not required for electron transport between cytochromes b and the @entity4 cluster. This result is inconsistent with the requirements of the Q-cycle. Funiculosin completely inhibited the reoxidation of @entity2 whereas the reoxidation of cytochrome c1 exhibited simple first-order kinetics in the presence of this inhibitor, implying that the @entity4 cluster is on the direct path of electron transfer from @entity2 to cytochrome c1. Potent inhibition of @entity2 oxidation was also observed with @entity6 and mucidin. The reaction of reduced Complex III with Q1 also exhibited multiple phases in the oxidation of the @entity2 centers; these phases were unaffected by the presence of @entity6 . Addition of antimycin, or removal of the endogenous @entity3 , eliminated the rapid phases; only one of the @entity2 centers was oxidized under these conditions. Epr showed that it is the low-potential @entity2 that is the species rapidly oxidized.

title: The kinetics of reoxidation of XXXX complex III. An evaluation of the Q-cycle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity0 major histocompatibility complex, HLA, contains the genes of several class II molecules. We present here the molecular maps of the DQ and DX subregions and analyze the sequences of the polymorphic DQ alpha and @entity5 genes as well as the @entity6 and DX beta genes. The DQ alpha and @entity5 genes are oriented in opposite directions, approximately 12 kilobases apart. The @entity6 and DX beta genes are similarly oriented about 8 kilobases. The exon-intron organizations of the DQ alpha and @entity6 genes are analogous to those of other class II alpha genes. Comparison of the DQ alpha gene sequence to three DQ alpha cDNA clones shows that @entity2 replacements are predominantly located between residues 45 and 80 in the @entity3 -terminal domain. Analysis of the frequency of silent and replacement substitutions indicates that there is little selection against replacements in DQ alpha first domains. The exons encoding the second domains of DQ alpha and @entity6 are virtually identical, suggesting that a gene conversion event has occurred between these genes. The DX beta gene is very similar to the @entity5 gene but differs in the cytoplasmic portion. The DX beta gene contains a separate exon of 24 @entity4 encoding the core of the cytoplasmic tail. This exon is not expressed in the @entity5 genes due to a nonfunctional splice junction. Comparison of the number of @entity1 substitutions in the @entity5 first and second domain exons suggests that little or no phenotypic selection acts on the first domain whereas the second domain is under strong selection.

title: Class II genes of the @entity0 major histocompatibility complex. Comparisons of the DQ and XXXX and beta genes.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The @entity0 major histocompatibility complex, HLA, contains the genes of several class II molecules. We present here the molecular maps of the DQ and DX subregions and analyze the sequences of the polymorphic DQ alpha and @entity5 genes as well as the @entity6 and DX beta genes. The DQ alpha and @entity5 genes are oriented in opposite directions, approximately 12 kilobases apart. The @entity6 and DX beta genes are similarly oriented about 8 kilobases. The exon-intron organizations of the DQ alpha and @entity6 genes are analogous to those of other class II alpha genes. Comparison of the DQ alpha gene sequence to three DQ alpha cDNA clones shows that @entity2 replacements are predominantly located between residues 45 and 80 in the @entity3 -terminal domain. Analysis of the frequency of silent and replacement substitutions indicates that there is little selection against replacements in DQ alpha first domains. The exons encoding the second domains of DQ alpha and @entity6 are virtually identical, suggesting that a gene conversion event has occurred between these genes. The DX beta gene is very similar to the @entity5 gene but differs in the cytoplasmic portion. The DX beta gene contains a separate exon of 24 @entity4 encoding the core of the cytoplasmic tail. This exon is not expressed in the @entity5 genes due to a nonfunctional splice junction. Comparison of the number of @entity1 substitutions in the @entity5 first and second domain exons suggests that little or no phenotypic selection acts on the first domain whereas the second domain is under strong selection.

title: Class II genes of the XXXX major histocompatibility complex. Comparisons of the DQ and @entity6 and beta genes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: A review of records of all @entity0 aged 0-15 years with a diagnosis of @entity2 examined between January 2000 and February 2002. The diagnosis was based on interview and routine ocular examination. RESULTS: A total of 139 @entity0 out of 422 @entity0 had the diagnosis of @entity2 , giving a relative frequency of 32.9%. The average age with @entity2 was 6.5 years which was lower than that of @entity0 without @entity2 (7.6 years). The sex distribution didn't show any difference between the two sexes (P = 0.345). @entity0 aged 0-4 years were the most affected by the disease. Itching (86%), red eye (51%), @entity1 (48%), and tearing (48%) were the most frequent complaints encountered. Photophobia was only seen in 12% of @entity0 . The distribution of the types of the disease was: palpebral form (58%), mixed form (39%) and limbal form (3%). CONCLUSION: One out of three @entity0 0-15 years of age who consulted suffers from LCET in Lubumbashi; although other African studies reported difference in distribution in sex and the predominance of the limbal (bulbar) form of the disease, such data were not found in this study. The disease was equally distributed among sexes and the palpebral form was the most frequently encountered. Complications are uncommon. Other studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study.

title: [Tropical XXXX in L  bumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 occurring in lymph nodes create diagnostic difficulty by mimicking @entity1 . Few studies describe nodal nevi in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) excised for @entity2 . We evaluated 72 cases in which @entity0 had undergone @entity3 biopsy for @entity2 . Lymph nodes and cutaneous @entity2 were evaluated according to a standard protocol. Nodal nevi were identified in 8 @entity0 (11%). Of these, 6 (75%) had an associated cutaneous nevus (P = .006). Of 21 @entity0 with an associated nevus, 4 (19%) with nodal nevi had a cutaneous nevus with congenital features (P = .01). The incidence of nodal nevus correlated with a Breslow thickness greater than 2.5 mm (P = .02). Nevi were not seen in non-SLNs. Nodal nevi appear more frequently in @entity0 with @entity2 -associated cutaneous nevi, particularly if congenital features are present. The increased frequency of nodal nevi in SLNs relative to non-SLNs suggests an etiology of mechanical transport of nevus cells.

title: Nodal XXXX in sentinel lymph nodes. Correlation with @entity2 -associated cutaneous nevi.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 occurring in lymph nodes create diagnostic difficulty by mimicking @entity1 . Few studies describe nodal nevi in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) excised for @entity2 . We evaluated 72 cases in which @entity0 had undergone @entity3 biopsy for @entity2 . Lymph nodes and cutaneous @entity2 were evaluated according to a standard protocol. Nodal nevi were identified in 8 @entity0 (11%). Of these, 6 (75%) had an associated cutaneous nevus (P = .006). Of 21 @entity0 with an associated nevus, 4 (19%) with nodal nevi had a cutaneous nevus with congenital features (P = .01). The incidence of nodal nevus correlated with a Breslow thickness greater than 2.5 mm (P = .02). Nevi were not seen in non-SLNs. Nodal nevi appear more frequently in @entity0 with @entity2 -associated cutaneous nevi, particularly if congenital features are present. The increased frequency of nodal nevi in SLNs relative to non-SLNs suggests an etiology of mechanical transport of nevus cells.

title: Nodal @entity4 in sentinel lymph nodes. Correlation with XXXX -associated cutaneous nevi.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Adolescent smoking, drinking and illegal @entity1 (drug-related problems) in Japan were treated as a legal model in the second prevention area. This study showed the necessity and usefulness of early intervention concerning adolescent drug-related problems as adolescent mental health problems. First, school nurses were asked if they were consulted about drug-related problems by students. Many school nurses in junior and senior high schools were consulted about drug-related problems by students, and they emphasized the need for counseling systems for drug-related problems by professionals. The second part of the study involved brief interventions by the authors in high school students with a high risk of drug-related problems. The authors went to three high schools and conducted brief interventions on students who had drug-related problems and sought advice. We prepared several screening tests for assessment of drug-related problems, such as the Fagerstr  m Test for @entity2 @entity1 ( @entity4 ). Adolescent @entity0 Involvement Scale (AAIS). Quantity-Frequency Scale (QF Scale). Core @entity0 Use Disorders Identification Test (Core AUDIT), @entity3 (DAST-20). In the brief interventions, the authors assessed drug-related problems of students using these scales and advised them how to revolve such problems two or three times. Twenty-two students accepted brief interventions. All of them smoked, 62% of them showed problem drinking and 33% illegal drug use. At 6 months after the brief interventions, 16 out of 21 students reported their drug-related problems. Nineteen percent of them had reduced smoking, 67% of them decreased drinking and one half of them decreased their use of illegal drugs. Results of this study revealed the necessity and the usefulness of the brief intervention for high school students with drug-related problems.

title: [Brief intervention for smoking, problem drinking and XXXX by high school students].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study analyzed the results of a standardized approach in @entity7 following low anterior resection for @entity1 without performance of a protective ileostomy during the primary operation. @entity0 AND METHODS: The study included all 306 @entity0 with @entity1 electively undergoing low anterior resection with retroperitonealization of the @entity3 over 9 years. The diagnostic procedure for @entity7 included serum laboratory investigations and abdominal CT together with contrast enema. Minor leakages, i.e., small leakages and @entity6 , were treated with rectoscopic lavage and/or CT-guided drainage of the abscess, respectively. Major leakage was defined as @entity8 with or without @entity4 . Nonseptic @entity0 were treated by ileostomy and rectoscopic treatment. In septic @entity0 a revision of the @entity3 with loop ileostomy was performed. RESULTS: @entity7 was diagnosed in 30 @entity0 (overall 9.8%; 12 major, 18 minor leakages). Common clinical signs were @entity9 and @entity2 . No @entity0 developed a @entity5 . The most accurate diagnostic instrument was CT (96.7%). CONCLUSION: Retroperitonealization appears to prevent @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity7 following low anterior resection. A differential treatment leads to good results in terms of mortality and anorectal function.

title: XXXX following low anterior resection: results of a standardized diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: We retrospectively reviewed @entity0 who were treated and followed-up for @entity2 within a 10-year period. METHODS: A total of 204 @entity0 (158 males, 46 females; mean age 22.4 years; range 5 to 72 years) were retrospectively evaluated with respect to age groups, sex, etiology, associated injuries, localization and type of the @entity2 , treatment methods, and early and late complications. The follow-up period ranged from four months to 10 years. RESULTS: The most common cause of injury was traffic accidents (44.1%), followed by falling (31.8%), and violence (17.1%). The highest incidence occurred at ages 21 to 30 years. Of 283 @entity2 detected, the most common @entity2 sites were the parasymphysis (83 @entity2 , 29.3%) and the angulus (52 @entity2 , 18.4%). Forty-eight @entity0 (24%) had associated injuries. The type of the @entity2 was simple in 80 @entity0 (39.2%), and complex in 62 @entity0 (30.4%). Treatment included open reduction with @entity4 mini-plates and screws in 130 @entity0 , and intermaxillary fixation in the remaining @entity0 . The @entity2 recovered without any complications in 167 @entity0 (81.8%). No occlusion-related complications occurred in the late follow-ups. Complications were encountered in 37 @entity0 (18.1%), being in the early ( @entity5 in 5.9%, infections in 2.5%, inferior @entity1 in 2.5%) or late (plate-screw exposition in 4.4%, @entity6 of the temporomandibular joint in 2%, and @entity3 in 1%) postoperative periods. CONCLUSION: Rigid fixation should be the first choice of treatment in @entity2 .

title: [A retrospective analysis of 204 XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Lateral column lengthening of the @entity3 has been a powerful tool used to correct peritalar subluxation in symptomatic flat feet. The mechanical basis and limits for correction with this procedure are not well understood. A flatfoot model was created on 8 fresh-frozen cadaver feet by sectioning the deltoid ligament, talonavicular capsule, and spring ligament. Strain-gauge analysis of the long plantar ligament was performed (on 6 specimens) as the lateral column was sequentially lengthened from 4 to 12 mm in 2-mm increments. Results showed that only the lateral most one-third of the long plantar ligament measured positive strain during this procedure. The medial two-thirds of the long plantar ligament and plantar fascia decreased in @entity1 and became fully lax during lengthening. Maximum @entity1 in the long plantar ligament was measured after placing grafts 6 mm in thickness (P <.05). Larger grafts produced additional strain in the ligament, but were not significant. The authors conclude that grafts >6 mm have no additional corrective capacity without compromising the long plantar ligament. Either larger graft size or loss of the long plantar ligament could compromise the intrinsic stability of the lateral column of the foot. These findings may decrease the incidence of complications with this procedure, specifically lateral column @entity0 , instability, and calcaneocuboid @entity2 .

title: Biomechanical consequences of lateral column lengthening of the XXXX : Part I. Long plantar ligament strain.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity8 is one of the principal manifestations of @entity6 and often results from disorders involving bile duct epithelia rather than hepatocytes. @entity2 affects @entity4 , and no unifying pathophysiologic event in these cells has been identified as the cause of @entity8 . Here we examined the role of the @entity7 receptor ( @entity10 )/ @entity3 release channel in @entity3 signaling and ductular secretion in animal models of @entity8 and in @entity0 with @entity8 . METHODS: The expression and distribution of the @entity10 and related proteins were examined in @entity1 cholangiocytes before and after bile duct ligation or treatment with endotoxin. @entity3 signaling was examined in isolated bile ducts from these animals, whereas ductular @entity9 secretion was examined in isolated perfused livers. Confocal immunofluorescence was used to examine cholangiocyte @entity10 expression in @entity0 liver biopsy specimens. RESULTS: Expression of the @entity10 was selectively lost from @entity4 after bile duct ligation or endotoxin treatment. As a result, @entity3 signaling and @entity3 -mediated @entity9 secretion were lost as well, although other components of the @entity3 signaling pathway and @entity5 ( @entity5 )-mediated @entity9 secretion both were preserved. Examination of @entity0 liver biopsy specimens showed that InsP3Rs also were lost from bile duct epithelia in a range of @entity0 @entity8 , although @entity10 expression was intact in noncholestatic @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 -mediated @entity3 signaling in bile duct epithelia appears to be important for normal bile secretion in the liver, and loss of InsP3Rs may be a final common pathway for @entity8 .

title: XXXX shuts down calcium signaling in cholangiocytes.

answer: @entity8


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Recent power shortages in California resulted in rolling blackouts and increased utility prices. Residents turned to alternative heating devices, such as space heaters, to decrease utility bills. Our hypothesis is that the incidence of heater-related injuries increased owing to the use of alternative heating methods during the power crisis. DESIGN: Retrospective case-series database and medical record review of all burn admissions for the 4 months of November through February for the period 1998-2002. SETTING: Regional pediatric and adult burn unit in northern California. @entity0 : @entity0 admitted during the study interval with @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Parameters recorded included @entity0 demographics, cause of burn, total body surface area burn, number of operative procedures, and hospital length of stay during each of the 4 months in the interval. RESULTS: A total of 512 @entity0 were admitted during all 4-month intervals. During the power crisis there were significant increases in the number of hospital admissions (151 in 2000-2001 vs 117 in 1998-1999, 124 in 1999-2000, and 152 in 2001-2002) and heater-related burn admissions (36 in 2000-2001 vs 25 in 1998-1999, 26 in 1999-2000, and 29 in 2001-2002). The percentage total body surface area burn (mean +/- SEM, 24.0% +/- 4.6% in 2000-2001 vs 16.5% in 1998-1999, 12.3% in 1999-2000, and 12.0% in 2001-2002), hospital length of stay (15.0 days in 2000-2001 vs 9.9 days in 1998-1999, 12.3 days in 1999-2000, and 7.0 days 2001-2002), and the number of operations (55 in 2000-2001 vs 7 in 1998-1999, 18 in 1999-2000, and 19 in 2001-2002) also increased during the crisis. CONCLUSIONS: The number of heater-related burn admissions, as well as their magnitude, increased during the energy crisis, resulting in increased resource use and health care costs. The economic stresses of the power shortage had societal costs that extended far beyond the price of electricity.

title: Increased incidence of heater-related XXXX during a power crisis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test whether @entity1 , an antiparasitic drug, would affect recovery from @entity2 . DESIGN: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial between April 1999 and September 2001. SETTING: A referral medical center. @entity0 : One hundred sixty-two @entity0 aged 5 to 16 years whose parents complained about their chronic bad breath. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive @entity1 (n = 82) or placebo (n = 80). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Parents whose @entity0 had @entity2 were evaluated for @entity2 at 2 months of treatment by questionnaire. The microbiologist investigated the stool samples of @entity0 for @entity3 at the beginning of the trial and also at the end of the trial in @entity0 who were treated with @entity1 . RESULTS: Among those @entity0 who had evidence of parasites in stool samples at the beginning of the trial, 18 of 28 who were treated with @entity1 recovered from @entity2 , compared with 2 of 24 who received placebo (relative risk [RR] for recovery, 7.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-29.9). Among those who did not have stool parasites, 14 of 52 improved with @entity1 , compared with 10 of 48 taking placebo (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.6-2.6). @entity1 intake made a significant difference whether or not the @entity0 had parasites (P =.002). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 should be considered as a possible cause of @entity2 in the pediatric @entity0 population. @entity1 therapy seems to offer benefit to those @entity0 with parasites as a potential cause of their @entity2 .

title: A randomized placebo-controlled trial of @entity1 for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test whether @entity1 , an antiparasitic drug, would affect recovery from @entity2 . DESIGN: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial between April 1999 and September 2001. SETTING: A referral medical center. @entity0 : One hundred sixty-two @entity0 aged 5 to 16 years whose parents complained about their chronic bad breath. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive @entity1 (n = 82) or placebo (n = 80). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Parents whose @entity0 had @entity2 were evaluated for @entity2 at 2 months of treatment by questionnaire. The microbiologist investigated the stool samples of @entity0 for @entity3 at the beginning of the trial and also at the end of the trial in @entity0 who were treated with @entity1 . RESULTS: Among those @entity0 who had evidence of parasites in stool samples at the beginning of the trial, 18 of 28 who were treated with @entity1 recovered from @entity2 , compared with 2 of 24 who received placebo (relative risk [RR] for recovery, 7.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-29.9). Among those who did not have stool parasites, 14 of 52 improved with @entity1 , compared with 10 of 48 taking placebo (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.6-2.6). @entity1 intake made a significant difference whether or not the @entity0 had parasites (P =.002). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 should be considered as a possible cause of @entity2 in the pediatric @entity0 population. @entity1 therapy seems to offer benefit to those @entity0 with parasites as a potential cause of their @entity2 .

title: A randomized placebo-controlled trial of XXXX for @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Nimesulid (Mesulid) is a non- @entity1 anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), acting by the selective inhibition of the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) isoenzyme. In this study the efficacy of nimesulid following cardiac surgery has been investigated in comparison with that of a @entity9 isoenzyme inhibitor drug. @entity0 AND METHODS: 200 cardiac surgical @entity0 operated on cardiopulmonary bypass have been involved in this prospective study. 100 @entity0 received 100 mg. nimesulid bd. routinely in the postoperative period (group M). Another 100 @entity0 were given 275 mg @entity6 bd. (group A). In both groups the White Blood Cell (WBC), the blood sedimentation (We), the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) levels were determined from venous blood samples before the operation and on the first five postoperative days. Venous blood samples of 20 @entity0 of each group in the same period were used to determine the @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and the Soluble Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptor-I (sTNF-RI) levels. @entity4 related to the use of the investigated drugs as well as the side effects have been compared in the two groups. A visual analogue @entity2 scale was used before and after drug administration. Kruskal Wallis and student t tests were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: No serious complication related to the use of the investigated drugs has developed in either group. In group A gastrointestinal side effect were recorded in 7 cases (7%) whilst in group M no such complaints were found. Drug doses defined in the study protocol had to be raised or another drug had to be added in 11 and 3 cases in group A and M respectively. Neither the laboratory findings, nor the @entity3 scale results have not shown any significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of nimesulid in postoperative inflammatory inhibition and @entity2 relief has proved equal to that of the investigated @entity9 inhibitor drug, however less gastrointestinal side effects have been related to its administration.

title: [Management of postoperative inflammatory response and XXXX with nimesulide after cardiac surgery].

answer: @entity2


abstract: To determine the feasibility of post-chemotherapy resection of @entity2 in @entity3 , 24 selected @entity0 with limited-stage disease were evaluated for exploratory thoracotomy. All 24 @entity0 achieved partial or complete clinical response to chemotherapy and were considered adequate medical candidates for surgical resection. Fifteen @entity0 underwent a lobectomy or pneumonectomy, 13 of whom had @entity2 in the resected specimen. Of the nine remaining @entity0 , seven had no @entity1 found on biopsy at thoracotomy and two had unresectable mediastinal node involvement. No chemotherapy was administered postoperatively in any @entity0 until disease progression or relapse was documented. Median survival for the entire group was 19 months and did not differ according to the surgical procedure performed. Nineteen @entity0 had relapse. @entity0 undergoing biopsy only recurred locally in six of seven cases a median of five months post-thoracotomy (range one to six months). Two "biopsy only" @entity0 were @entity1 free at 34+ and 56+ months. Local recurrence was observed in six of 12 resected @entity0 , while six @entity0 experienced only extrathoracic metastases. Median time to recurrence for resected @entity0 was also five months. Four resected @entity0 experienced late recurrence 16 to 36 months postoperatively and were alive with @entity1 at 29+ to 42+ months. Two resected @entity0 were @entity1 -free at 13+ and 37+ months. Post-chemotherapy surgical resection was feasible in limited-stage @entity0 and improved local control of disease.

title: Postchemotherapy resection of XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: To determine the feasibility of post-chemotherapy resection of @entity2 in @entity3 , 24 selected @entity0 with limited-stage disease were evaluated for exploratory thoracotomy. All 24 @entity0 achieved partial or complete clinical response to chemotherapy and were considered adequate medical candidates for surgical resection. Fifteen @entity0 underwent a lobectomy or pneumonectomy, 13 of whom had @entity2 in the resected specimen. Of the nine remaining @entity0 , seven had no @entity1 found on biopsy at thoracotomy and two had unresectable mediastinal node involvement. No chemotherapy was administered postoperatively in any @entity0 until disease progression or relapse was documented. Median survival for the entire group was 19 months and did not differ according to the surgical procedure performed. Nineteen @entity0 had relapse. @entity0 undergoing biopsy only recurred locally in six of seven cases a median of five months post-thoracotomy (range one to six months). Two "biopsy only" @entity0 were @entity1 free at 34+ and 56+ months. Local recurrence was observed in six of 12 resected @entity0 , while six @entity0 experienced only extrathoracic metastases. Median time to recurrence for resected @entity0 was also five months. Four resected @entity0 experienced late recurrence 16 to 36 months postoperatively and were alive with @entity1 at 29+ to 42+ months. Two resected @entity0 were @entity1 -free at 13+ and 37+ months. Post-chemotherapy surgical resection was feasible in limited-stage @entity0 and improved local control of disease.

title: Postchemotherapy resection of @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationships between @entity3 ( @entity3 ) frequency and intensity and self-reported and performance-based physical function in a large cohort of well-functioning older adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey and examination. SETTING: Community-based cohort of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. @entity0 : @entity0 were 2,766 community-dwelling adults, aged 70-79; 42% were African American, 52% were @entity0 . OUTCOME MEASURES: 1) Back @entity1 -location, frequency, intensity; 2) Hip and/or knee @entity1 ; 3) Body mass index (BMI); 4) Self-reported difficulty doing functional tasks; 5) Lower extremity function, using the battery from the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies in the Elderly (EPESE); 6) Self-rated health; 7) Comorbidity; 8) @entity2 , using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. RESULTS: @entity3 was common (36%), and its frequency/intensity was significantly associated with other @entity1 and comorbidities. In gender-specific models, @entity3 frequency/intensity was not significantly associated with EPESE performance score after adjusting for age, race, BMI, CES-D score, knee @entity1 , @entity1 , and other comorbidities. @entity3 frequency/intensity, however, was significantly associated with self-reported difficulty with most functional tasks after adjusting for important confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Among well-functioning community-dwelling older adults, @entity3 frequency/intensity was associated with perceived difficulty in performing important functional tasks, but not with observed physical performance. The demonstrated dose-response relationship between @entity1 frequency/intensity and self-reported task performance difficulty underscores the importance of clinical efforts to treat @entity1 without necessarily eradicating it. Additional work is needed to determine whether back @entity1 is associated with a risk for progressive functional decline and loss of independence in older adults and whether therapeutic interventions can ameliorate decline and, therefore, preserve independence.

title: How does XXXX impact physical function in independent, well-functioning older adults? Evidence from the Health ABC Cohort and implications for the future.

answer: @entity3


abstract: While activated B cells, as well as T cells, can express functional @entity1 ( @entity1 ), the physiologic role of @entity0 in B-cell responses is still in doubt. Accordingly, we have examined the role of recombinant @entity0 ( @entity2 ) in the proliferative response, @entity1 expression, and the terminal differentiation of tonsillar B cells in comparative studies with T cells from the same source. For these analyses of physiologically activated lymphocytes, the B and T cells were first separated, then divided into subpopulations enriched for either resting or preactivated cells on the basis of relative cell density or activation antigen expression. As expected, the relatively low-density fraction of T cells was enriched for @entity1 -positive (Tac+) cells and displayed vigorous proliferative responses to @entity0 along with heightened @entity1 expression. Moreover, limiting dilution analysis revealed that growth of these activated T cells could be perpetuated with the addition of @entity0 . By comparison, relatively few tonsillar B cells expressed the @entity1 . The addition of @entity2 to cultured B cells of relatively low density resulted in an increase in Tac+ cells but only a minimal proliferative response. The subpopulation of tonsillar B cells expressing the Bac-1 activation antigen contained most of the @entity0 inducible Tac+ B cells, and @entity2 induced an efficient but transient proliferative response by these activated B cells. The @entity2 -induced Tac+ B cells were noted to be relatively large. A fraction of these Tac+ cells, but not the Tac- cells, produced and secreted immunoglobulins. Incubation with @entity2 enhanced the Ig secretion, and the anti-Tac antibody blocked this enhancement. Time-course analysis revealed that @entity2 induced transient Tac expression, whereas mature plasma cells in 6-day cultures no longer expressed detectable @entity1 . In conclusion, these observations suggest that @entity0 transiently upregulates expression of @entity1 , via which it induces the terminal growth and differentiation of activated B cells into plasma cells.

title: XXXX effects on human B cells activated in vivo.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effect of a specific inhibitor of @entity4 (Tx) A2 synthesis, @entity8 , a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, @entity9 , and a combination of both drugs was studied in @entity2 in @entity0 . Treatment with @entity9 (1 microgram/kg) or @entity8 (200 micrograms/kg) alone did not alter significantly postoligemic @entity3 or the increase in plasma @entity7 activity in shocked @entity0 , compared with hemorrhaged @entity0 receiving only their vehicle. Combined treatment with both drugs maintained postreinfusion mean arterial blood pressure and attenuated the increase in plasma @entity7 activity in hemorrhaged @entity0 . Treatment of shocked @entity0 with each drug alone attenuated the accumulation of a @entity1 factor activity in the plasma, but the lowest @entity1 factor activities were observed in @entity0 treated with the drug combination. Additionally, animals treated with the drug combination exhibited significantly longer postreinfusion survival times than @entity0 receiving either the vehicle (P less than .01), @entity9 (P less than .05) or @entity8 (P less than .02). @entity9 (1 microgram/kg) attenuated significantly the pressor response to @entity6 throughout the shock period. @entity8 attenuated the increase in TxB2 plasma concentrations in shock when compared with hemorrhaged @entity0 receiving the vehicle (P less than .05). Greater attenuation of @entity5 was found after treatment with the drug combination (P less than .01 from vehicle, P less than .05 from @entity8 alone). @entity9 , but not @entity8 , was also found to have a direct antiproteolytic action in pancreatic homogenates. However, the drug combination ( @entity9 and @entity8 ) decreased proteolytic activity even further (P less than .001) from @entity9 alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Potentiation of the protective effects of a converting enzyme inhibitor and a XXXX synthetase inhibitor in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effect of a specific inhibitor of @entity4 (Tx) A2 synthesis, @entity8 , a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, @entity9 , and a combination of both drugs was studied in @entity2 in @entity0 . Treatment with @entity9 (1 microgram/kg) or @entity8 (200 micrograms/kg) alone did not alter significantly postoligemic @entity3 or the increase in plasma @entity7 activity in shocked @entity0 , compared with hemorrhaged @entity0 receiving only their vehicle. Combined treatment with both drugs maintained postreinfusion mean arterial blood pressure and attenuated the increase in plasma @entity7 activity in hemorrhaged @entity0 . Treatment of shocked @entity0 with each drug alone attenuated the accumulation of a @entity1 factor activity in the plasma, but the lowest @entity1 factor activities were observed in @entity0 treated with the drug combination. Additionally, animals treated with the drug combination exhibited significantly longer postreinfusion survival times than @entity0 receiving either the vehicle (P less than .01), @entity9 (P less than .05) or @entity8 (P less than .02). @entity9 (1 microgram/kg) attenuated significantly the pressor response to @entity6 throughout the shock period. @entity8 attenuated the increase in TxB2 plasma concentrations in shock when compared with hemorrhaged @entity0 receiving the vehicle (P less than .05). Greater attenuation of @entity5 was found after treatment with the drug combination (P less than .01 from vehicle, P less than .05 from @entity8 alone). @entity9 , but not @entity8 , was also found to have a direct antiproteolytic action in pancreatic homogenates. However, the drug combination ( @entity9 and @entity8 ) decreased proteolytic activity even further (P less than .001) from @entity9 alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Potentiation of the protective effects of a converting enzyme inhibitor and a @entity4 synthetase inhibitor in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This is a retrospective review of 43 @entity0 who had primary @entity2 diagnosed during 1974-1983. @entity0 ' ages ranged from 27 to 84 years (median 52.5). Nine of 39 @entity0 with @entity4 were females, while two of the four @entity0 with @entity7 were @entity0 . @entity3 surface antigen was positive in 90% tested, and 62% had @entity1 . Also, 60-65% were heavy users of @entity6 and cigarettes. @entity5 was elevated in one of four white @entity0 , and in six of eight @entity0 of other races (75%). Tissue diagnosis was obtained by peritoneoscopy in 16, by percutaneous biopsy in 7, by laparotomy in 9, and at autopsy in 11. Only one of 11 @entity0 who were explored has his lesion resected. About half of the cases diagnosed antemortem died 1 month or less after diagnosis. The median survival of @entity4 @entity0 who had no specific treatment or systemic chemotherapy was 2 months. Two @entity0 who received chemotherapy in conjunction with occlusion of the hepatic artery lived 16 to 19 months.

title: XXXX in a referral hospital in Hawaii.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A reliable system for evaluating @entity3 (5-LO) pathway inhibitors employing @entity0 whole blood stimulated by the @entity2 ionophore, @entity6 , and @entity1 cell walls (YCW) is described. In developing this system, we have shown that leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) can be recovered quantitatively from whole blood, and can be measured with accuracy and a precision (standard deviation) of +/- 12%. Apparent differences in LTB4/ @entity7 levels between donors can be minimized by normalizing the LTB4/ @entity7 production to neutrophil number. Variability in LTB4/ @entity7 production among different donors was reduced by increasing the ionophore concentration. The kinetics of ionophore stimulated product production display a 1-4 min lag which is dependent on ionophore concentration. The lag is removed by pretreatment of blood with 5 micrograms/ml cytochalasin B. Likewise, the kinetics of product formation after stimulation with @entity1 cell walls demonstrated a lag period, which could be shortened by prior opsonization of the YCW. The amount of LTB4 metabolism to @entity8 and 20- @entity4 -LTB4 in this system is approximately 20%. @entity9 , @entity5 , and nafazatrom, known inhibitors of the 5-LO pathway, display half-maximal inhibition points of 0.4, 1.5, and 9 micrograms/ml, respectively. In summary, we believe that this assay offers a guide for predicting systemic levels of drug needed to be achieved for effective inhibition of cellular LTB4/ @entity7 synthesis/release in @entity0 .

title: Development of a system for evaluating XXXX inhibitors using @entity0 whole blood.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A reliable system for evaluating @entity3 (5-LO) pathway inhibitors employing @entity0 whole blood stimulated by the @entity2 ionophore, @entity6 , and @entity1 cell walls (YCW) is described. In developing this system, we have shown that leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) can be recovered quantitatively from whole blood, and can be measured with accuracy and a precision (standard deviation) of +/- 12%. Apparent differences in LTB4/ @entity7 levels between donors can be minimized by normalizing the LTB4/ @entity7 production to neutrophil number. Variability in LTB4/ @entity7 production among different donors was reduced by increasing the ionophore concentration. The kinetics of ionophore stimulated product production display a 1-4 min lag which is dependent on ionophore concentration. The lag is removed by pretreatment of blood with 5 micrograms/ml cytochalasin B. Likewise, the kinetics of product formation after stimulation with @entity1 cell walls demonstrated a lag period, which could be shortened by prior opsonization of the YCW. The amount of LTB4 metabolism to @entity8 and 20- @entity4 -LTB4 in this system is approximately 20%. @entity9 , @entity5 , and nafazatrom, known inhibitors of the 5-LO pathway, display half-maximal inhibition points of 0.4, 1.5, and 9 micrograms/ml, respectively. In summary, we believe that this assay offers a guide for predicting systemic levels of drug needed to be achieved for effective inhibition of cellular LTB4/ @entity7 synthesis/release in @entity0 .

title: Development of a system for evaluating @entity3 inhibitors using XXXX whole blood.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The molecular signals regulating @entity3 are unknown. We used a new model system to study this problem. Muscle cells from the neonatal @entity0 ventricle were cultured in serum-free medium. Control cells did not change in size over time and did not show spontaneous contractile activity. Incubation with @entity1 or @entity4 had two major trophic effects that developed over 1-2 days. The first was stimulation of muscle cell @entity2 or increase in size. The second was induction of spontaneous contractile activity. The @entity2 response was mediated through an alpha 1-adrenoceptor. The beating response required both alpha 1- and beta 1-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Alpha 1 stimulation alone produced enlarged cells that did not beat. Alpha 1 plus beta 1 stimulation induced contractile activity even when protein synthesis and @entity2 were inhibited. Thus, the two alpha 1 responses could be dissociated, providing evidence for two independently-regulated cellular pathways for the dual alpha 1 trophic effects. One pathway leads to @entity2 . The other, which requires concomitant beta 1 stimulation, controls the development of beating. Preliminary work raises the possibility that different products of @entity5 phospholipid hydrolysis might initiate the two alpha 1 trophic pathways. Other preliminary work suggests that the growth pathway is associated with the expression of specific genes and might reflect an action of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor on the cell nucleus. These studies define previously unsuspected trophic roles for the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor.

title: Dual trophic effects of the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor in cultured neonatal XXXX heart muscle cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity0 with @entity2 always have a progressive reduction in nerve conduction resulting in a transient increase in sensation, such as @entity3 or @entity7 . We examined the effect of acute complete @entity2 on neurophysiological functions in @entity1 and related electrophysiological changes in ischemic nerve with @entity6 ( @entity4 ) administration. METHODS: The sciatic nerve of @entity1 was placed directly on 16 parallel 0.5 mm diameter @entity5 electrodes (5 mm interelectrode distance) in a Perspex chamber bathed in Ringer's solution. The stimulus was applied through the electrode at the rostral end of the nerve, and the action potential recorded along different recording electrodes towards the caudal end of the nerve. Measurements were recorded immediately upon initial nerve placing and then 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after nerve placing. RESULTS: We observed two major components in the monophasic compound action potential of the sciatic nerve of @entity1 (A and B waves). Nerve conduction and amplitude of A and B waves underwent an initial increase followed by a reduction and after @entity4 administration, the transient augmentation of conduction velocity and amplitude in A and B waves disappeared. The median survival time of peripheral nerve was 60 min. CONCLUSION: At the onset of @entity2 , the membrane Na-K pump does not work resulting in an increase of threshold potential in nerve membrane. When @entity4 levels further decrease, nerve function progressively fails.

title: Ischemic neurophysiological changes of XXXX sciatic nerve in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 radicals (SORs) are formed during @entity2 . However, the association between SOR formation and mortality remains undefined. Would neutralization of SORs during shock improve survival? @entity1 dismutase (SOD) was covalently linked to Ficoll to prolong vascular persistence and ensure ongoing neutralization of intravascular SORs. Six groups of @entity0 were studied. @entity0 were exsanguinated to a mean arterial pressure of 30 Torr, sustained for 60 min. Ficoll linked @entity1 dismutase (SOD-F), 5000 Units + catalase, 150 Units, was suspended in 1 ml of saline and injected following the 60-min @entity3 period. Resuscitation followed for appropriate groups. Pretreated SOD-F @entity0 received a 1-ml bolus prior to exsangination. Pretreatment with SOD-F did not improve survival in non-resuscitated groups despite improvement in vascular circulation (P greater than 0.10, @entity4 ). In the standard non-resuscitation group, there is also no improvement (P greater than 0.10, @entity4 ). Resuscitation with or without SOD-F significantly alters survival rates (P less than 0.025) with respect to non-resuscitated controls. However, application of SOD-F in conjunction with resuscitation does not improve survival with respect to resuscitation controls (P greater than 0.10, @entity4 ). Although SOD-F has a vascular half-life advantage over SOD, the improvement in survival is statistically non-significant. Intravascular SORs do not appear to be associated with mortality. SOR release and consequent damage to the vasculature may be preceded by a more significant intracellular damage. Intracellular SOR damage and its association with mortality in @entity2 remains an open issue.

title: XXXX radicals and @entity2 : are intravascular radicals associated with mortality?

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 radicals (SORs) are formed during @entity2 . However, the association between SOR formation and mortality remains undefined. Would neutralization of SORs during shock improve survival? @entity1 dismutase (SOD) was covalently linked to Ficoll to prolong vascular persistence and ensure ongoing neutralization of intravascular SORs. Six groups of @entity0 were studied. @entity0 were exsanguinated to a mean arterial pressure of 30 Torr, sustained for 60 min. Ficoll linked @entity1 dismutase (SOD-F), 5000 Units + catalase, 150 Units, was suspended in 1 ml of saline and injected following the 60-min @entity3 period. Resuscitation followed for appropriate groups. Pretreated SOD-F @entity0 received a 1-ml bolus prior to exsangination. Pretreatment with SOD-F did not improve survival in non-resuscitated groups despite improvement in vascular circulation (P greater than 0.10, @entity4 ). In the standard non-resuscitation group, there is also no improvement (P greater than 0.10, @entity4 ). Resuscitation with or without SOD-F significantly alters survival rates (P less than 0.025) with respect to non-resuscitated controls. However, application of SOD-F in conjunction with resuscitation does not improve survival with respect to resuscitation controls (P greater than 0.10, @entity4 ). Although SOD-F has a vascular half-life advantage over SOD, the improvement in survival is statistically non-significant. Intravascular SORs do not appear to be associated with mortality. SOR release and consequent damage to the vasculature may be preceded by a more significant intracellular damage. Intracellular SOR damage and its association with mortality in @entity2 remains an open issue.

title: @entity1 radicals and XXXX : are intravascular radicals associated with mortality?

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study analyzes the complications encountered in the surgical treatment of 17 @entity0 with @entity5 . All 17 @entity0 sustained either new @entity1 or exacerbation of preexisting palsies. These involved, in descending order of frequency, the @entity6 , and the hypoglossal nerve. Postoperative palsies of the facial nerve involved 17 @entity0 , as compared to 5 preoperatively. Fifteen @entity0 had postoperative partial or complete paralysis of the vagus nerve as compared to eight preoperatively. Ten @entity0 had postoperative palsies of the hypoglossal nerve as compared to six preoperatively. Other complications included CSF leak, @entity3 , and wound @entity2 . Aspiration and @entity4 were encountered postoperatively in 13 @entity0 . Teflon injection of paretic vocal cords and cricopharyngeal myotomy effectively improved the ability to swallow and the quality of the voice. Prompt recognition and treatment of complications is essential for effective surgical management of @entity5 .

title: Complications in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Two hundred seven mucinous @entity0 were morphologically classified into two different groups: pure @entity4 consisting only of areas with small epithelial islands of solid @entity3 floating in abundant extracellular @entity6 , and mixed @entity4 where the @entity3 contains large areas of @entity6 , as well as areas with infiltrating @entity4 devoid of extracellular @entity6 . Of the 207 @entity3 , 95 were of the pure type and 112 of the mixed type. The pure and mixed @entity4 differed significantly with respect to a number of prognostic factors, the most important of which was lymph node status. @entity1 with pure @entity4 had significantly fewer lymph node @entity2 at the time of primary operation (P = 0.0001) and a significantly longer recurrence-free survival (P = 0.03) than @entity1 with mixed @entity4 . @entity1 with mixed @entity4 closely resembled @entity1 with @entity5 not otherwise specified (NOS) with respect to both lymph node status and recurrence-free survival. In multivariate analysis, the single most important factor for predicting recurrence-free survival among the 207 @entity1 was lymph node status. However, of 94 pure @entity4 , only 6 had lymph node @entity2 at the time of mastectomy. A detailed morphologic analysis demonstrated that two of these six cases were incorrectly diagnosed as being pure @entity4 --they were actually of the mixed type. In another two of these cases, the @entity2 originated from a co-existent infiltrating @entity5 . Thus, @entity2 to the regional lymph nodes were observed in only two cases of pure @entity4 . It is concluded that the biologic behavior of the pure @entity4 differs from that of both the mixed @entity4 and @entity5 NOS. Thus, a new definition is suggested, in which a @entity4 is classified as such only if it is a pure @entity4 , and mixed @entity4 are classified according to the component without extracellular @entity6 production.

title: Prognostic factors in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Macrophage activation--enhanced capacity to kill, in a cell that otherwise mostly scavenges--is essential for host survival from infection and contributes to containment of @entity0 . Both microbes and @entity0 cells, therefore, may be under pressure to inhibit or reverse the activation of macrophages. This reasoning led to the demonstration of macrophage deactivating factors from both microbes and @entity0 cells. In some circumstances the host itself probably requires the ability to deactivate macrophages. Macrophages are essential to the healing of wounds and repair of tissues damaged by @entity1 . Yet the cytotoxic products of the activated macrophages can damage endothelium, fibroblasts, smooth muscle and parenchymal cells (reviewed in ref. 6). Thus, after an inflammatory site has been sterilized, the impact of macrophage activation on the host might shift from benefit to detriment. These concepts led us to search for macrophage deactivating effects among polypeptide growth factors that regulate angiogenesis, fibrogenesis and other aspects of tissue repair. Among 11 such factors, two proteins that are 71% similar proved to be potent macrophage deactivators: these are @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 .

title: Deactivation of macrophages by XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a @entity2 characterized by multifocal disease and protracted clinical course. The few studies that have assessed T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements (GRs) present at different anatomic sites in @entity3 have generally reported a common clone. We used a previously validated 4-color polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to assess the size and V-family usage of TCR-gamma GRs in 102 concurrent and/or sequential morphologically involved biopsy specimens (91 skin and 11 lymph nodes) from 39 @entity3 @entity0 . This assay detected TCR-gamma clonal GRs in 89 samples (87%) from 36 @entity0 (92%). In 24 @entity0 (77%), an identical clonal GR was present in at least 2 skin samples. However, in one third of these @entity0 , additional different clonal GRs were also noted. Four @entity0 (13%) had clonal GRs that were distinct in different skin samples. In 3 @entity0 (10%), no GR was detected in any sample. In a comparison of lymph node and skin samples, 8 @entity0 had the identical clonal GRs at both sites, 2 @entity0 had different clonal GRs, and 1 @entity0 had no GR identified at either site. Independent of clinical stage, @entity0 who had the same GR detected in multiple concurrent biopsy specimens at the time of diagnosis were more likely to have progressive disease than those who had different GRs (P =.04). Four-color TCR-gamma PCR analysis can uncover multiple distinct clonal GRs in different samples consistent with multiclonal or @entity1 in a significant proportion of @entity3 @entity0 . Demonstration of identical clonal GRs in multiple biopsy specimens at the time of diagnosis may provide prognostic information related to disease progression.

title: Clonal heterogeneity in XXXX and its relationship to clinical course.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Plasmid clones containing cDNA coding for the B-chain of @entity0 Clq were isolated from a liver cDNA library. The longest cDNA insert isolated contained all the coding sequence for @entity2 residues B1 to B226 plus a 3' non-translated region of 264 nucleotides that extended into the poly(A) tail, thus accounting for 950 nucleotides of the mRNA. The B-chain mRNA was estimated by Northern-blot analysis to be 1.46 kb (kilobases) long, which indicated that approx. 500 bases were not accounted for in the cDNA clone. A cosmid clone containing the @entity7 chain gene was isolated from a @entity0 genomic DNA library. The precise 5' limit of gene was not established, but from the data available it appears that the gene is approx. 2.6 kb long. The coding sequence for residues B1 to B226 in the gene is interrupted by one intron, of 1.1 kb, which is located within the codon coding for @entity4 at position B36. This @entity4 residue is located in the middle of the triple-helical regions found in @entity6 at exactly the position where there is an unusual structural feature, i.e. a bend in each of the helical regions brought about by the interruption of the @entity5 -Xaa-Yaa repeating triplet sequences in the A- and C-chains and the presence of an 'extra' triplet in the B-chain. @entity1 sequencing of the 5' end of the gene indicates the presence of a predominantly hydrophobic stretch of 29 @entity3 , immediately before residue B1, which could serve as a signal peptide.

title: Molecular cloning and characterization of the complementary DNA and gene coding for the B-chain of subcomponent XXXX of the @entity0 complement system.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Plasmid clones containing cDNA coding for the B-chain of @entity0 Clq were isolated from a liver cDNA library. The longest cDNA insert isolated contained all the coding sequence for @entity2 residues B1 to B226 plus a 3' non-translated region of 264 nucleotides that extended into the poly(A) tail, thus accounting for 950 nucleotides of the mRNA. The B-chain mRNA was estimated by Northern-blot analysis to be 1.46 kb (kilobases) long, which indicated that approx. 500 bases were not accounted for in the cDNA clone. A cosmid clone containing the @entity7 chain gene was isolated from a @entity0 genomic DNA library. The precise 5' limit of gene was not established, but from the data available it appears that the gene is approx. 2.6 kb long. The coding sequence for residues B1 to B226 in the gene is interrupted by one intron, of 1.1 kb, which is located within the codon coding for @entity4 at position B36. This @entity4 residue is located in the middle of the triple-helical regions found in @entity6 at exactly the position where there is an unusual structural feature, i.e. a bend in each of the helical regions brought about by the interruption of the @entity5 -Xaa-Yaa repeating triplet sequences in the A- and C-chains and the presence of an 'extra' triplet in the B-chain. @entity1 sequencing of the 5' end of the gene indicates the presence of a predominantly hydrophobic stretch of 29 @entity3 , immediately before residue B1, which could serve as a signal peptide.

title: Molecular cloning and characterization of the complementary DNA and gene coding for the B-chain of subcomponent @entity6 of the XXXX complement system.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 is the archetype of diseases caused by the deposition of immune complexes. The characteristics which render only a portion of circulating immune complexes nephritogenic are not well delineated, but cat-ionic charge of antigen and/or antibody may contribute. @entity5 is characterized by extreme diversity of clinical manifestations and pathologic features. Scrupulous monitoring of urinary sediment and renal function tests is necessary to identify renal involvement in a phase which is amenable to therapeutic intervention. Evaluation of renal biopsies also assists in development of indications for therapy. The pathology of @entity5 is classified primarily as mesangial, focal proliferative, diffuse proliferative, and @entity0 . Indexes of activity and of chronicity provide a succinet description of the balance of reversible and irreversible disease. The activity index incorporates @entity0 , karyorrhexis/fibrinoid @entity2 , leucocyte exudation, hyaline thrombi, cellular crescents, and @entity1 . The chronicity index incorporates @entity0 , fibrous crescents, tubular @entity4 , and @entity3 . Delineation of the activity and chronicity indexes also facilitates the assessment of prognosis and the ordering of indications for therapy.

title: XXXX in systemic lupus erythematosus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether alefacept (a fully @entity0 lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 [ @entity6 ]/IgG1 fusion protein that blocks the @entity6 / @entity4 interaction) is able to reduce the signs and symptoms of @entity1 in @entity0 with active @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Eleven @entity0 with active @entity5 were treated with alefacept for 12 weeks in an open-label and explorative study. Clinical joint assessment and laboratory assessments were performed at baseline and after 4, 9, 12, and 16 weeks of treatment. Serial synovial tissue (ST) biopsy specimens from an inflamed index joint (knee, ankle, wrist, or metacarpophalangeal joint) were obtained by arthroscopy at baseline and after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: At the completion of treatment, 6 of 11 @entity0 (55%) fulfilled the Disease Activity Score (DAS) response criteria. Nine @entity0 (82%) fulfilled the DAS response criteria at any point during the study. There was a statistically significant reduction in @entity2 + lymphocytes (P < 0.05), @entity3 + lymphocytes (P = 0.05), and CD68+ macrophages (P < 0.02) in the ST after 12 weeks of treatment compared with baseline. The ST and peripheral blood of those @entity0 fulfilling the DAS response criteria contained more CD45RO+ cells at baseline and displayed a significant reduction in these cells compared with nonresponding @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The changes in ST, together with the improvement in clinical joint scores, after treatment with alefacept support the hypothesis that T cell activation plays an important role in this chronic inflammatory disease. Furthermore, since alefacept, a T cell-specific agent, led to decreased macrophage infiltration, the data indicate that T cells are highly involved in @entity1 in @entity5 .

title: Alefacept treatment in XXXX : reduction of the effector T cell population in peripheral blood and synovial tissue is associated with improvement of clinical signs of arthritis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We have reported that the divalent cation ionophore @entity8 , like the beta-adrenergic agonist @entity6 , increased the force of contraction and rate of relaxation and shortened the duration of contraction of papillary muscles isolated from @entity3 . @entity8 produced a fall in resting tension and decreased the contracture tension of K +/- depolarized muscles, as did @entity6 . In the present studies, @entity6 produced a concentration-dependent, rapid, and sustained increase in the @entity5 ( @entity1 ) content of papillary muscle. In contrast, @entity8 had no detectable effect on @entity1 levels, even in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, @entity7 . Neither drug, at concentrations maximal for contractile effects, altered @entity10 ( @entity9 ). @entity6 increased the @entity1 -dependent protein kinase activity ratio, whereas @entity8 did not change the activity of this enzyme. However, both @entity8 and @entity6 produced a concentration-dependent increase in phosphorylase activity. Concentrations of @entity8 or @entity6 that enhanced contractility maximally increased the alkali-labile @entity4 (by ca. 35%) but were without effect on the acid-labile, alkali-stable @entity4 in the total acid precipitable protein. Contractile effects of @entity6 , which reflect activated @entity0 uptake, and the increase in phosphorylase activity produced by this agent are believed to be due to an increase in @entity1 with subsequent activation of @entity1 -dependent protein kinases and phosphorylation of proteins. @entity8 may produce similar contractile effects without an increase in @entity1 or @entity1 -dependent protein kinase activity by activating other protein kinases and/or inhibiting phosphoprotein phosphatases, most likely by its effects on intracellular @entity2 .

title: Biochemical changes accompanying enhanced cardiac contractility by ionophore XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The mode of action of @entity9 (ACTH) treatment in exacerbating @entity1 was studied by short-term infusions of agents that mimic specific and limited pharmacological actions of ACTH and observing for temporally phase-locked clinical changes. The study was double blinded, and agents were administered while the @entity0 were being treated with a standard course of 10-day intramuscular ACTH therapy (40 U twice daily). Antiedema, @entity11 , extraadrenal, and @entity5 -retaining actions were studied using infusions of @entity6 , @entity8 , ACTH, and @entity7 , respectively. Seven of 8 @entity0 receiving placebo infusions (2.5% @entity3 ) showed no significant clinical change and 1 exhibited an equivocal improvement. Five of 9 @entity0 receiving @entity6 showed definite signs of clinical improvement phase-locked to drug administration, with subsequent gradual reversal to baseline. Similar improvements occurred with infusions of @entity10 in 5 of 8 @entity0 and of ACTH in 4 of 8 @entity0 . Three of 7 @entity0 given @entity4 infusion showed possible mild improvements. The results indicate that @entity6 and @entity10 induced transient acute improvement in signs at the 95% confidence level in @entity0 with exacerbating @entity1 , with ACTH having a similar effect at the 90% confidence level. These agents mimic some of the known effects of ACTH, which may be important in the therapeutic action of ACTH in @entity1 . A possible role for @entity6 and high-dose ACTH in the treatment of @entity2 disease warrants further study.

title: Acute improvement in exacerbating XXXX produced by intravenous administration of @entity6 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The mode of action of @entity9 (ACTH) treatment in exacerbating @entity1 was studied by short-term infusions of agents that mimic specific and limited pharmacological actions of ACTH and observing for temporally phase-locked clinical changes. The study was double blinded, and agents were administered while the @entity0 were being treated with a standard course of 10-day intramuscular ACTH therapy (40 U twice daily). Antiedema, @entity11 , extraadrenal, and @entity5 -retaining actions were studied using infusions of @entity6 , @entity8 , ACTH, and @entity7 , respectively. Seven of 8 @entity0 receiving placebo infusions (2.5% @entity3 ) showed no significant clinical change and 1 exhibited an equivocal improvement. Five of 9 @entity0 receiving @entity6 showed definite signs of clinical improvement phase-locked to drug administration, with subsequent gradual reversal to baseline. Similar improvements occurred with infusions of @entity10 in 5 of 8 @entity0 and of ACTH in 4 of 8 @entity0 . Three of 7 @entity0 given @entity4 infusion showed possible mild improvements. The results indicate that @entity6 and @entity10 induced transient acute improvement in signs at the 95% confidence level in @entity0 with exacerbating @entity1 , with ACTH having a similar effect at the 90% confidence level. These agents mimic some of the known effects of ACTH, which may be important in the therapeutic action of ACTH in @entity1 . A possible role for @entity6 and high-dose ACTH in the treatment of @entity2 disease warrants further study.

title: Acute improvement in exacerbating @entity1 produced by intravenous administration of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 is a new @entity7 with activity against gram-positive cocci. We determined the in vivo activity of @entity6 against four strains of @entity3 (two @entity5 -susceptible @entity3 [MSSA] strains and two @entity5 -resistant @entity3 strains) and one @entity1 -susceptible @entity2 (PSSP) strain, two @entity1 -intermediate @entity4 strains, and five @entity1 -resistant @entity4 strains. The @entity0 had 10(6.3) to 10(7.7) CFU/thigh before therapy and were then treated for 24 h with 5 to 1,280 mg of @entity6 /kg divided into 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 doses. The killing activities after 4 h of therapy ranged from 2.4 to 5.0 log(10) CFU/thigh against @entity4 and 1.35 to 2.2 log(10) CFU/thigh against @entity3 . Increasing doses produced minimal concentration-dependent killing; doses of 20 and 80 mg/kg produced no in vivo postantibiotic effects (PAEs) with PSSP and modest PAEs (3.4 and 3.2 h) with MSSA. Pharmacokinetic studies at doses of 20 and 80 mg/kg by high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis exhibited peak dose values of 0.68 and 0.71 and elimination half-lives of 1.02 and 1.00 h. @entity6 MICs ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 micro g/ml for @entity4 and from 1.0 to 4.0 micro g/ml for @entity3 . A sigmoid dose-response model was used to estimate the dose required to achieve a net bacteriostatic effect over 24 h. Static doses against @entity4 ranged from 22.2 to 97.1 mg/kg/24 h and from 133 to 167 mg/kg/24 h for @entity3 . The 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC ratio was the major parameter determining the efficacy of @entity6 against PSSP (R(2) = 82% for AUC/MIC versus 57% for T>MIC and 59% for the peak level in serum/MIC [peak/MIC]). It was difficult to determine the most relevant pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameter with @entity3 , although the outcomes correlated slightly better with the 24-h AUC/MIC ratio (R(2) = 75%) than with the other parameters (T>MIC R(2) = 75% and peak/MIC R(2) = 65%). The 24-h AUC/MIC ratio required for a bacteriostatic effect with @entity6 varied from 22 to 97 (mean = 48) for pneumococci and from 39 to 167 (mean = 83) for staphylococci. Based upon a pharmacokinetic goal of a 24-h AUC/MIC of 50 to 100, a dosage regimen of 600 mg given either intravenously or orally twice daily would achieve success against organisms with MICs as high as 2 to 4 micro g/ml.

title: In vivo pharmacodynamics of a new XXXX ( @entity6 ).

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity6 is a new @entity7 with activity against gram-positive cocci. We determined the in vivo activity of @entity6 against four strains of @entity3 (two @entity5 -susceptible @entity3 [MSSA] strains and two @entity5 -resistant @entity3 strains) and one @entity1 -susceptible @entity2 (PSSP) strain, two @entity1 -intermediate @entity4 strains, and five @entity1 -resistant @entity4 strains. The @entity0 had 10(6.3) to 10(7.7) CFU/thigh before therapy and were then treated for 24 h with 5 to 1,280 mg of @entity6 /kg divided into 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 doses. The killing activities after 4 h of therapy ranged from 2.4 to 5.0 log(10) CFU/thigh against @entity4 and 1.35 to 2.2 log(10) CFU/thigh against @entity3 . Increasing doses produced minimal concentration-dependent killing; doses of 20 and 80 mg/kg produced no in vivo postantibiotic effects (PAEs) with PSSP and modest PAEs (3.4 and 3.2 h) with MSSA. Pharmacokinetic studies at doses of 20 and 80 mg/kg by high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis exhibited peak dose values of 0.68 and 0.71 and elimination half-lives of 1.02 and 1.00 h. @entity6 MICs ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 micro g/ml for @entity4 and from 1.0 to 4.0 micro g/ml for @entity3 . A sigmoid dose-response model was used to estimate the dose required to achieve a net bacteriostatic effect over 24 h. Static doses against @entity4 ranged from 22.2 to 97.1 mg/kg/24 h and from 133 to 167 mg/kg/24 h for @entity3 . The 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC ratio was the major parameter determining the efficacy of @entity6 against PSSP (R(2) = 82% for AUC/MIC versus 57% for T>MIC and 59% for the peak level in serum/MIC [peak/MIC]). It was difficult to determine the most relevant pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameter with @entity3 , although the outcomes correlated slightly better with the 24-h AUC/MIC ratio (R(2) = 75%) than with the other parameters (T>MIC R(2) = 75% and peak/MIC R(2) = 65%). The 24-h AUC/MIC ratio required for a bacteriostatic effect with @entity6 varied from 22 to 97 (mean = 48) for pneumococci and from 39 to 167 (mean = 83) for staphylococci. Based upon a pharmacokinetic goal of a 24-h AUC/MIC of 50 to 100, a dosage regimen of 600 mg given either intravenously or orally twice daily would achieve success against organisms with MICs as high as 2 to 4 micro g/ml.

title: In vivo pharmacodynamics of a new @entity7 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity6


abstract: The @entity1 (HSV) through neural tissues was studied in three inbred @entity0 strains that differ in susceptibility to @entity2 . The left eyes of BALB/c, C57BL/6, and DBA/2 @entity0 were inoculated topically with @entity1 . The optic and trigeminal nerves, trigeminal ganglia, and eyes were assayed for infectious @entity1 on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 11 and 14 after inoculation. At 2-4 months post-inoculation, eyes and trigeminal ganglia were assayed for latent @entity1 . Up to 7 days post-inoculation, infectious @entity1 was present at a similar frequency in the inoculated eyes of @entity0 from all three strains. The quantity of @entity1 recovered, however, was @entity0 -dependent: DBA @entity0 yielded the most @entity1 ; C57BL/6, the least. The frequency of @entity1 recovery and the quantity of @entity1 recovered from trigeminal nerves and ganglia also varied according to @entity0 . @entity1 was recovered from the uninoculated right eye of some @entity6 and C57BL/6 @entity0 1 wk after inoculation. The overall incidence of latency differed among inbred @entity0 strains. However, in @entity0 that developed @entity4 ( @entity7 , @entity5 , or @entity3 ), there was no host strain-related difference in the incidence of latency. These results support the hypothesis that host genetic factors play a role in controlling HSV replication and the spread of @entity1 to neural tissues after ocular HSV inoculation. This control may influence the development and severity of disease. However, once infection occurs, latency is established in both susceptible and resistant @entity0 strains.

title: Spread of HSV and establishment of latency after corneal infection in inbred XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 is metabolized to @entity4 (LT) B4, C4, D4, and E4 by lipoxygenase. LTB4 is a chemotactic agent while LTC4 and LTD4 stimulate smooth muscle fibers to contract. Mesenteric vessels have the capacity to release @entity5 . The possibility that leukotrienes might be responsible for or contribute to @entity6 during mesenteric low flow, @entity2 , and @entity1 prompted us to investigate their action on mesenteric vessels. LTB4, C4, and D4 were applied topically on small bowel mesentery of 22 @entity0 in sequentially increasing concentrations. Mesenteric arterioles with diameters of 8-20 microns were observed through a microscope and vessel diameters were measured using a video shear monitor. LTB4 had no effect on diameter, but doses as low as 3 X 10(-8) M induced white blood cell adherence to venular endothelium, reflecting the potent chemotactic properties of this compound. LTC4 and D4 had no effect on systemic blood pressure or white blood cell adherence. Applications of 6.4 X 10(-9), 3.2 X 10(-8), and 6.4 X 10(-8) M LTC4 decreased mesenteric arteriolar diameter to 85.3* +/- 4.7% (mean +/- SD), 75.7* +/- 7.5%, and 66.8* +/- 6.1% of baseline, and 4 X 10(-9), 2 X 10(-8), and 4 X 10(-8) M LTD4 decreased diameter to 84.9* +/- 6.1%, 75.1* +/- 4.2%, and 64.1* +/- 5% of baseline, respectively (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of leukotrienes B4, C4, and D4 on XXXX mesenteric microcirculation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Angiotensin converting enzyme was localized in @entity0 brain by quantitative in vitro autoradiography using an [125I]labelled converting enzyme inhibitor called "351A". This radioligand was found to bind with high affinity and specificity to angiotensin converting enzyme. Very high levels of converting enzyme were observed in the ventricular choroid plexus, ependyma of all ventricles and large and medium blood vessels, subfornical organ, and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. High levels of converting enzyme were found in the basal ganglia including caudate putamen, nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus, entopenduncular nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata. The neurosecretory nuclei, paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus, as well as the median eminence and posterior pituitary displayed high levels of the enzyme. In the amygdala, basolateral, lateral, basomedial, medial and anterior cortical nuclei showed moderate converting enzyme activity. The medial habenula and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus showed high levels of activity. In the cerebellum, dense labelling was observed in the Purkinje cell layer. Moderate levels of converting enzyme occurred in the gelatinosus subnucleus of the caudal part of the nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal. There was a close correspondence between the distribution of angiotensin converting enzyme and @entity1 in the neurosecretory nuclei (paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei) and median eminence and this suggests a role of angiotensin converting enzyme in the production of @entity1 in this system. There was also a good correspondence between the distribution of angiotensin converting enzyme and @entity1 in the subfornical organ, median preoptic nucleus, and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, structures abutting the anterior wall of the third ventricle which are implicated in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. A striking discrepancy occurs in the basal ganglia which is reported to contain very little @entity1 or @entity1 receptors but is very rich in angiotensin converting enzyme. It is concluded that the enzyme may act to convert circulating @entity2 to @entity1 in circumventricular organs; generate intraneuronal @entity1 in pathways such as the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract; and process neuropeptides other than @entity1 in regions such as basal ganglia.

title: Angiotensin converting enzyme in XXXX brain visualized by quantitative in vitro autoradiography.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: We analyzed the possible risk factors for metachronous @entity5 after endoscopic resection of @entity1 . METHODS: Three hundred and twenty-one @entity0 entered the surveillance study after colonoscopic resection of @entity1 between 1985 and 1999. Histology of @entity1 was @entity4 in 214 @entity0 and @entity3 in 107 @entity0 . @entity1 was observed in 196 @entity0 and @entity1 in 125 at initial endoscopy. The median surveillance period was 39 (range, 12-112) months, and the median frequency of surveillance colonoscopy was three (range, 2-10) times. RESULTS: @entity2 were identified in 114 of 321 surveillance cases (36%). In the 114 cases, the number of @entity0 with metachronous @entity4 was 103 (90%) and that of @entity3 was 11 (10%). Clinical characteristics at entry - including age, gender, multiplicity of polyp, histology of polyp, and site of polyp - were not different between @entity0 with @entity1 and those without @entity1 . Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that @entity0 with a histology of @entity3 and those with @entity6 at entry developed @entity1 significantly earlier than did @entity0 with initial @entity4 and @entity6 , respectively ( P<0.001, P<0.001). However, other characteristics at entry did not produce significant differences in the rate of the development of @entity1 using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Proportional hazards model analysis revealed that histology of the initial @entity1 as @entity3 (relative risk, 1.690, 95% confidence interval, 1.118-2.555) and multiplicity (1.472, 1011-2.143) were significant risk factors for metachronous @entity5 . The 75%, 50%, and 25% metachronous @entity1 -free periods after initial polypectomy were 14, 21, and 39 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results may help optimizing surveillance strategies for metachronous @entity5 and raising the economic benefit of colonoscopy.

title: Metachronous XXXX : risk factors and rationale for the surveillance colonoscopy after initial polypectomy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the interest of using @entity2 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) as adjuvant therapy for stage III (regional lymph nodes) @entity3 . After lymph node excision, @entity0 without any detectable @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either TIL plus @entity4 ( @entity4 ) for 2 months, or @entity4 only. The primary endpoint was determination of the duration of the relapse-free interval. Eighty-eight @entity0 determined as eligible for treatment were enrolled in the study. After a median follow-up of 46.9 months, for the study population the analysis did not show a significant extension of the relapse-free interval or overall survival. However, a significant interaction ( P<0.001) was found between the treatment and the number of invaded lymph nodes. In the group with only one invaded lymph node, the estimated relapse rate was significantly lower ( P(adjusted)=0.0285) and the overall survival was increased ( P(adjusted)=0.039) in the TIL+ @entity4 arm compared with the @entity4 only arm. No differences between the two arms, either as regards the duration of disease-free survival or overall survival, were noted in the group with more than one invaded lymph node whatever the number of invaded lymph nodes. Treatment was compatible with normal daily activity. This study demonstrates for the first time that the efficiency of TIL in @entity5 (AJCC) is directly related to the number of invaded lymph nodes, indicating that @entity2 burden might be a crucial factor in the efficacy and/or in vitro expansion of T cells specific for autologous @entity2 antigen, a finding which could be of value in future vaccine development for the treatment of @entity3 .

title: Randomized trial of adoptive transfer of XXXX -infiltrating lymphocytes as adjuvant therapy for @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the interest of using @entity2 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) as adjuvant therapy for stage III (regional lymph nodes) @entity3 . After lymph node excision, @entity0 without any detectable @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either TIL plus @entity4 ( @entity4 ) for 2 months, or @entity4 only. The primary endpoint was determination of the duration of the relapse-free interval. Eighty-eight @entity0 determined as eligible for treatment were enrolled in the study. After a median follow-up of 46.9 months, for the study population the analysis did not show a significant extension of the relapse-free interval or overall survival. However, a significant interaction ( P<0.001) was found between the treatment and the number of invaded lymph nodes. In the group with only one invaded lymph node, the estimated relapse rate was significantly lower ( P(adjusted)=0.0285) and the overall survival was increased ( P(adjusted)=0.039) in the TIL+ @entity4 arm compared with the @entity4 only arm. No differences between the two arms, either as regards the duration of disease-free survival or overall survival, were noted in the group with more than one invaded lymph node whatever the number of invaded lymph nodes. Treatment was compatible with normal daily activity. This study demonstrates for the first time that the efficiency of TIL in @entity5 (AJCC) is directly related to the number of invaded lymph nodes, indicating that @entity2 burden might be a crucial factor in the efficacy and/or in vitro expansion of T cells specific for autologous @entity2 antigen, a finding which could be of value in future vaccine development for the treatment of @entity3 .

title: Randomized trial of adoptive transfer of @entity3 -infiltrating lymphocytes as adjuvant therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Sympathetic nervous system activity and myocardial response to adrenergic stimulation were studied in the @entity0 during endotoxicosis. Plasma @entity3 concentration, adrenal @entity4 (NE) and @entity5 (E) content, spleen NE content, and myocardial NE and @entity1 content were analyzed in fed @entity0 given saline or endotoxin ( @entity8 , 16.7 mg/kg). Values were determined at various times during a 6-hour period or at the agonal stage of shock. Myocardial @entity1 content was reduced by 1 hour, recovered at 4 hours, and was again @entity2 at the agonal stage. In addition, @entity7 -stimulated @entity1 production in ventricular slices from ETOX @entity0 was attenuated by 3 hours after administration. These data suggest that myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor mechanisms are altered during endotoxicosis, which may account for reports of decreased functional responsiveness to @entity6 under similar conditions. At 1 hour after ETOX, adrenal NE did not change, but E was depleted and remained low throughout the period. By 2 hours, spleen NE was also found depleted. Myocardial NE did not change until the agonal stage, when it was severely @entity2 . This implies that there may be nonuniform activation (duration and/or intensity) of sympathetic pathways during endotoxicosis.

title: Beta-adrenergic stimulation of myocardial cyclic AMP in endotoxic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Methods to detect endotoxin in @entity0 plasma for LAL testing have been developed by use of a @entity3 ( @entity1 ) or a @entity2 ( @entity4 ) treatment. These acid oxidative treatments eliminate interferences present in plasma. The mode of action of the acids for the elimination of the interferences is indicated to be by their oxidative actions. The treated plasma is assayed by use of an automated microtiter plate-chromogenic substrate LAL assay method employing a modified Cetus Pro/Pette EXPRESS system. The automated system assays 96 samples in approximately 22 minutes. Assay sensitivity of the automated Pro/Pette system is approximately 0.01 endotoxin units (EU) per ml with a linear range from 0.03 to 0.14 EU/ml. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the assay system is approximately 6%. The improved precision of the LAL assay by the automated system has been attributed to its fast speed (2 minutes) in dispensing the unstable LAL reagent to all 96 samples in one assay block. The total operation, including the acid oxidative treatments and the 96 sample LAL assay, takes approximately 45 minutes. The recovery of spiked endotoxin from plasma ranged from 75 to approximately 100% by adding 0.4 ml of either 0.1-0.2 N @entity1 or 0.2-0.35 N TFA to 0.2 ml plasma and reacting for 15 minutes at 37 degrees C. The standard deviation of the assay is approximately 0.1 EU/ml plasma. The method has been proven to be rugged, simple, rapid, and cost effective thus would be suitable for clinical application.

title: Recovery of endotoxin from XXXX plasma by acid oxidative treatments as monitored by an automated microtiter plate-chromogenic substrate Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay method.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) investigated the use of @entity7 as an @entity5 cell sensitizer in a Phase III prospective randomized trial employing radiotherapy, 600 cGy twice weekly to a total of 3600 cGy with and without @entity7 in the treatment of locally advanced non-metastatic squamous cell, adeno, or large cell @entity1 . Between January 1980 and July 1983, 117 @entity0 from 21 institutions were enrolled. One-hundred eight @entity0 were evaluable; 53 in the combined treatment arm and 55 in the radiation alone arm. Grade 3 or worse complications associated with radiation occurred in 17% of @entity0 . Esophageal @entity4 accounted for the majority of complications. Two (4%) @entity0 in the radiotherapy plus @entity7 group experienced grade 3 peripheral @entity6 . Complete or partial responses were produced in 58% of the @entity0 with radiotherapy alone and 36% of those treated with radiotherapy plus @entity7 (p = 0.08). At the time of first progression, over 50% of the @entity0 had persistent @entity3 . Median survival was 7 months regardless of treatment. @entity7 in the dose and schedule employed did not enhance the effect of radiotherapy on either @entity2 control or overall survival in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 .

title: Large fraction irradiation with or without @entity7 in advanced non-oat cell XXXX : a phase III randomized trial of the RTOG. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) investigated the use of @entity7 as an @entity5 cell sensitizer in a Phase III prospective randomized trial employing radiotherapy, 600 cGy twice weekly to a total of 3600 cGy with and without @entity7 in the treatment of locally advanced non-metastatic squamous cell, adeno, or large cell @entity1 . Between January 1980 and July 1983, 117 @entity0 from 21 institutions were enrolled. One-hundred eight @entity0 were evaluable; 53 in the combined treatment arm and 55 in the radiation alone arm. Grade 3 or worse complications associated with radiation occurred in 17% of @entity0 . Esophageal @entity4 accounted for the majority of complications. Two (4%) @entity0 in the radiotherapy plus @entity7 group experienced grade 3 peripheral @entity6 . Complete or partial responses were produced in 58% of the @entity0 with radiotherapy alone and 36% of those treated with radiotherapy plus @entity7 (p = 0.08). At the time of first progression, over 50% of the @entity0 had persistent @entity3 . Median survival was 7 months regardless of treatment. @entity7 in the dose and schedule employed did not enhance the effect of radiotherapy on either @entity2 control or overall survival in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 .

title: Large fraction irradiation with or without XXXX in advanced non-oat cell @entity1 : a phase III randomized trial of the RTOG. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Twenty-seven @entity0 with soft tissue @entity3 had preoperative radiotherapy, limb-sparing marginal surgical resection and whole-mount @entity1 histologic analysis. Incisional biopsy specimens before radiotherapy were reviewed for @entity1 type, grade, and extent of @entity2 . Preoperative radiotherapy was given in either of two regimens: 13 @entity0 received a mean total dose of 5250 cGy in one daily 180 to 200 cGy fractions and 14 @entity0 a mean total dose of 4770 cGy in two daily fractions of 180 to 200 cGy separated by 4 hours. Twenty-one specimens had at least 80% @entity2 or severely altered cells, a 3+ to 4+ response. Grade and size of the @entity1 appeared to be indicators of response to treatment rather than histologic type. Three of five @entity0 (60%) with Grade 1, eight of 11 @entity0 (73%) with Grade 2 lesions, and ten of 11 @entity0 (91%) with Grade 3 @entity1 had 80% or greater @entity2 or severely altered cells. For @entity1 10 cm or less in greatest diameter, the 3+ to 4+ histologic response was seen in 12 of 14 @entity0 (86%) whereas for lesions greater than 10 cm, this response was observed in nine of 13 @entity0 (69%). For @entity0 with Grade 2 or 3 soft tissue @entity3 , 13 of 14 @entity0 (93%) treated with two fractions per day and two of four @entity0 (50%) receiving one fraction per day exhibited significant response. All six @entity0 treated twice daily for lesions greater than 10 cm had 3+ to 4+ histologic response compared to three of seven (43%) @entity0 treated once per day. Therefore, grade and size of soft tissue @entity3 are important predictors of response to radiotherapy and preoperative twice daily radiotherapy may more likely permit the conservative surgical excision of @entity3 of borderline resectability.

title: The histologic response of soft tissue XXXX to radiation therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Multiple colposcopic biopsy specimens were collected from 160 @entity0 , with sampling of principal @entity6 as well as secondary areas of either minor acetowhitening or normal epithelium. Papillomaviral @entity4 was detected by Southern blot hybridization in 197 (90%) of the 218 principal biopsy specimens and 93 (46%) of 198 secondary biopsy specimens. Although different papillomaviruses were found at different sites in 31 @entity0 , only six of 416 specimens contained multiple types within the same sample. Specific viral types were associated with specific disease patterns. Only one of 80 type 6 or 11 @entity3 had a diagnosis greater than @entity5 , grade 2. In contrast, 42 of 48 (90%) biopsy specimens of @entity5 , grade 3, or invasive @entity1 contained type 16, 18, or 31. Nonetheless, 12 of 124 (10%) cases of @entity7 and @entity5 , grade 1, were associated with types 16, 18, and 31 @entity3 . Of 58 @entity0 with @entity2 , 46 had positive hybridizations for both @entity6 (32 showing the same type in both samples and 14 showing different viruses). Differing patterns of papillomavirus-induced disease arise partly from the predilection of specific viral types for certain anatomic sites and partly through variations in host response. Detection of viral deoxyribonucleic acid in 46% of the secondary biopsy specimens suggests that disease expression may represent focal breakdown of host surveillance within a field of latent @entity3 .

title: Sexually transmitted XXXX . I. The anatomic distribution and pathologic grade of neoplastic lesions associated with different viral types.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A new mechanism for activation of the proactivator of procollagenase [Vater, Nagase _ Harris (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9374-9382] has been found. Collagenolytic and other proteolytic enzyme activities in the medium of cultured @entity0 synovial fibroblasts were found to be activated by a new mechanism: short-term incubation at 37 degrees C performed in the presence of @entity4 followed by replacement of @entity1 during enzyme assay. The crucial event in procollagenase activation is the production of a functional activator enzyme. Activation of procollagenase in the culture medium did not occur when proactivator was removed by immunoprecipitation. Proteolytic activity of proactivator was fully activated, whereas procollagenase alone could not be activated by the same sequence. @entity4 treatment of the culture medium at 0 degrees C did not result in enzyme activation if @entity1 was replaced before incubation at 37 degrees C. Certain other bivalent metal ions (e.g. @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity3 ) could substitute for @entity1 to stabilize the proactivator as a zymogen and therefore prevent the appearance of proteolytic activity in culture medium. Isolation of proactivator and procollagenase from @entity4 -treated radiolabelled culture medium by immunoprecipitation and subsequent analyses by fluorography revealed that a time-dependent proteolysis of both molecules occurred after replacement of @entity1 and incubation at 37 degrees C. However, comparison of enzyme activity with fluorographic analyses showed that the maximal activation of both enzymes was achieved before any detectable decrease in Mr. The results suggest that the activation of proactivator and the subsequent activation of procollagenase may be initiated by conformational changes in structure of the proactivator molecule produced by removal of stabilizing bivalent metal ions.

title: Proactivator-dependent activation of procollagenase induced by treatment with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A single treatment of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (50 micrograms/kg) produced two distinct effects on adrenal steroidogenesis in @entity1 13 days post-treatment. In unstressed @entity1 , the very low @entity4 levels early in the light phase (AM) increased 4-fold relative to @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 , but the peak level of @entity4 that is seen late in the light phase (PM) decreased up to 40% relative to @entity0 @entity1 . The AM stimulation was also observed in @entity1 pair-fed to compensate for the diminished feed intake of @entity3 -treated animals, indicating that the change results from nutritional deprivation. The PM suppression, however, was not observed in pair-fed @entity1 . In @entity1 given a lower dose of @entity3 (15 micrograms/kg), there was no AM stimulation, whereas the suppression of the PM diurnal peak of @entity4 was retained. Plasma @entity5 (ACTH) levels and adrenal size were not changed by these treatments, indicating that @entity3 affects adrenal responsiveness. @entity3 did not, however, have a significant effect on @entity4 secretion in @entity1 receiving high doses of ACTH. In control animals, the availability of @entity2 to @entity6 limits the rate of steroidogenesis. While the specific content of the cytochrome was unaffected by @entity3 , @entity2 turnover by this enzyme appeared to be affected following @entity3 treatment, as evidenced by small increases in the mitochondrial levels of free @entity2 , reactive @entity2 , and in the proportion of @entity6 complexed with @entity2 relative to both ad libitum- and pair-fed controls. This accumulation of mitochondrial @entity2 following @entity3 treatment is consistent with an inhibition of @entity2 metabolism at @entity6 in vivo that is removed upon isolation of the mitochondria. These @entity3 -induced increases were enhanced substantially in ACTH-stimulated @entity1 , probably because ACTH enhances @entity2 influx into the mitochondria. Normally, substrate availability is rate limiting in @entity2 side-chain cleavage, and the AM stimulation of steroidogenesis by @entity3 may result from such increased @entity2 transfer. The inhibition of @entity2 side-chain cleavage resulting from @entity3 treatment may, however, only become rate limiting for @entity4 synthesis when @entity2 transfer is more substantially activated, as for peak PM secretion.

title: Altered regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis in XXXX -treated @entity1 .

answer: @entity3