abstract: A 3-year-old Filipino-American @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity5 , was found to have a hemoglobin F level of 76.9%. His reticulocyte count was elevated (4.3%), and erythroblasts were present in his peripheral blood. The @entity0 's erythrocytes were microcytic (MCV 66.9 fl) but his serum ferritin level was normal. His bone marrow at initial presentation demonstrated normal cellularity without an increase in blast cells. The disease progressed with worsening @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity5 , with increased blasts in his marrow and the appearance of a mediastinal mass. His liver, spleen, and lymph nodes were found to be infiltrated with myeloblasts, supporting a diagnosis of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Analysis of the @entity0 's Hb F showed a Ggamma/Agamma ratio of 2.2, which was within the characteristic range for @entity7 . A globin synthesis study using blood reticulocytes showed an alpha/non-alpha globin synthesis ratio of 2.24, typical of severe homozygous @entity6 . Southern blot analysis of blood-leukocyte DNA from the @entity0 and his parents demonstrated no apparent abnormality in the beta-globin gene promoter or coding regions. The elevated level of Hb F in this @entity0 with @entity7 appeared to be part of an acquired @entity6 -like hematologic phenotype.

title: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with the hematologic phenotype of severe XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate of the immune tolerance in adult LT recipients with Invasive @entity1 (IFIs). METHODS: 109 consecutive LT recipients who received LT were included. Percentage of T subsets ( @entity4 +CD25hiCD127- T cells, @entity4 +CD25loCD45RA+ T cells, @entity4 +CD25loCD45RA- and @entity4 +CD45RA-CD45RO+ T cells populations), levels of cytokines ( @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity11 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity2 , IL-12p70, @entity12 , @entity0 , @entity13 and @entity10 ) were detected by FACS and Bioplex in peripheral blood. Biopsy specimens were fixed, monoclonal antibodies against @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity12 were applied to the above sections and FISH was performed. RESULTS: The risk of acute rejection was decreased in fungal infected liver transplant recipients comparing with non-fungal infected group. @entity4 +CD25hiCD127T cell population was increased in peripheral blood and memory @entity4 +CD45RA-CD45RO+ T cell population decreased. There was significant lower levels observed in na  ve @entity4 +CD25loCD45RA+ and @entity4 +CD25loCD45RA- T cell populations in fungal infected liver transplant. Moreover, @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity10 were decreased. However, no significant difference with @entity11 and @entity6 in serum in two infected LT recipients. CONCLUSION: The incidence of graft rejection in liver transplantation recipients with @entity1 was lower than the non-fungal group. It is important to assess the risk during pretransplant and postoperation for liver transplantation.

title: Immunity of XXXX alleviated graft reject in liver transplantation compared with non-fungus recipients.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: Anorectal manometry is the most common test used to explore @entity1 . The recent three-dimensional high-resolution anorectal manometry (3D-HRAM) technique appears to be able to provide new topographic information. Our objective was to develop an automated analysis of 3D-HRAM images to diagnose anal @entity4 and compare the results with those of endoanal ultrasonography (EUS), which is considered to be the gold standard. METHOD: All @entity0 being tested in our department for @entity2 or @entity3 by 3D-HRAM and EUS were eligible for the study. 3D-HRAM was used to record resting and squeeze pressure, reflecting internal and external anal sphincter function, respectively. A software platform was designed to automatically analyse the 3D-HRAM images and calculate a diagnostic score for any anal sphincter defect compared with EUS. RESULTS: A total of 206 (91% female) @entity0 of mean age of 54 years were included in the study. A sphincter defect was diagnosed by EUS in 130 (63%). The diagnostic scores from the 3D-HRAM automated analysis for an internal anal sphincter defect showed a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 65%. For an external anal sphincter defect, the sensitivity was 43% and the specificity 87%. CONCLUSION: Our study developed a method based on 3D-HRAM to automatically diagnose @entity4 , allowing a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the test recordings. Compared with EUS, the 3D-HRAM image analysis procedure revealed poor sensitivity and specificity.

title: Three-dimensional high-resolution anorectal manometry: does it allow automated analysis of XXXX ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Katakori is a symptom name that is unique to Japan, and refers to @entity2 syndrome-like clinical signs in the shoulder girdle. Various methods of @entity2 relief for katakori have been reported, but in the present study, we examined the clinical effects of multi-acupuncture point injections (MAPI) in the acupuncture points with which we empirically achieved an effect, as well as the anatomical sites affected by liquid medicine. The subjects were idiopathic katakori @entity0 (n = 9), and three cadavers for anatomical investigation. BL-10, GB-21, LI-16, SI-14, and BL-38 as the WHO notation were selected as the acupuncture point. Injections of 1 mL of 1% w/v @entity3 were introduced at the same time into each of these points in the @entity0 . Assessment items were the @entity2 Relief Score and the therapeutic effect period. Dissections were centered at the puncture sites of cadavers. India ink was similarly injected into each point, and each site that was darkly-stained with India ink was evaluated. @entity2 in the present study was significantly reduced by MAPI. Regardless of the presence or absence of trigger points, @entity2 was significantly reduced in these cases. Dark staining with India ink at each of the points in the anatomical analysis was as follows: BL-10: over the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and rectus capitis posterior major @entity1 ; GB-21: over the supraspinatus @entity1 ; @entity1 ; SI-14: over the @entity1 ; and BL-38: over the @entity1 . The anatomical study suggested that the drug effect was exerted on the muscles above and below the @entity1 , as well as the peripheral nerves because the points of action in acupuncture were darkly-stained in the spaces between the muscle and the @entity1 .

title: Multi-Acupuncture Point Injections and Their Anatomical Study in Relation to Neck and Shoulder XXXX Syndrome (So-Called Katakori) in Japan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evaluating the success of endoluminal repair of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is frequently based on diameter measurements and determining the presence of @entity7 . The use of three-dimensional volumetric data and observation of morphologic changes in the @entity4 and device have been proposed to be more appropriate for postdeployment surveillance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the long-term volumetric and morphologic data of 161 @entity0 who underwent endovascular AAA exclusion and to assess the utility of volume measurements for determining successful AAA repair. METHODS: @entity0 with spiral computed tomography scans obtained preoperatively, within the first postoperative month, at 6 months, and annually thereafter, were included in this analysis. Computerized interactive three-dimensional reconstruction of each AAA scan was performed. Total @entity4 sac volume was measured at each time interval (mean preoperative volume 169.0 +/- 78.5 mL), and the significance of volume changes was determined by mixed linear modeling, a form of repeated measures analysis, to account for longitudinal data clustered at the individual level. Sixty-two @entity0 (38%) developed @entity7 at some time during follow-up-15 type I leaks, 45 @entity8 , and 2 type III leaks. The @entity0 with @entity1 were treated with cuffs, and the @entity8 were treated either with observation, @entity5 , or required open conversion. RESULTS: Aneurysm sac volume increased slightly at 1-month follow-up (+3.3%), and then decreased steadily to -12.9% at 5 years (P <.0001). This effect remained unchanged after controlling for the three device types used in our study population. @entity0 who did not exhibit an endoleak (n = 99) showed a significant decrease in @entity4 volume across the entire follow-up duration when compared with those who did exhibit an endoleak (n = 62) (P <.0001). The presence of a 10% or greater decrease in volume at 6 months demonstrated a sensitivity of 64%, a specificity of 95%, a positive predictive value of 95%, a negative predictive value of 62%, and an accuracy of 75% for predicting primary clinical success defined by successful deployment of the device; freedom from @entity4 - or procedure-related @entity2 ; freedom from endoleak, @entity3 , @entity9 ; or conversion to open repair. CONCLUSIONS: Volumetric analysis may be used to predict successful endoluminal exclusion of @entity6 . Volume regression appears to be device-independent and should be expected in most clinically successful cases. The presence of volume increases in the first 6 months is suspicious for an endoleak that is pressurizing the @entity4 sac and heralds the need for closer evaluation and possible intervention. A volume decrease of 10% or greater at 6 months and continuing regression over time is associated with successful endovascular repair.

title: Volume regression of XXXX and its relation to successful endoluminal exclusion.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of mortality in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) associated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). BACKGROUND: @entity1 is commonly associated with @entity4 . The predictors of mortality for @entity0 with these conditions are not well characterized. METHODS: In a prospective cohort of @entity0 with right heart catheterization, we identified 73  adult  @entity0 who had @entity1 due to left @entity3 ( @entity1 -LHD) associated with @entity4 (left ventricular ejection fraction  >= 50% by echocardiography); hemodynamically defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure  >= 25  mm  Hg and pulmonary artery wedge pressure >15 mm  Hg. @entity1 severity was classified according to the diastolic pressure gradient (DPG). Cox proportional hazards ratios were used to estimate the associations between clinical variables and mortality. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the ability of hemodynamic measurements to predict mortality. RESULTS: The mean age for study subjects was 69    12 years and 74% were female. @entity0 classified as having combined post-capillary @entity1 and pre-capillary @entity1 (DPG  >= 7) were not at increased risk of @entity2 as compared to @entity0 with isolated post-capillary @entity1 (DPG  <7). A baseline pulmonary arterial capacitance (PAC) of  <1.1  ml/mm  Hg was 91% sensitive in predicting mortality, with better discriminatory ability than DPG, transpulmonary gradient, or pulmonary vascular resistance (area under the curve of 0.73, 0.50, 0.45, and 0.37, respectively). Fifty-seven subjects underwent acute vasoreactivity testing with inhaled @entity5 . Acute vasodilator response by the Rich or Sitbon criteria was not associated with improved survival. CONCLUSIONS: PAC is the best predictor of mortality in our cohort and may be useful in describing phenotypic subgroups among those with @entity1 -LHD associated with @entity4 . Acute vasodilator testing did not predict outcome in our cohort but needs to be further investigated.

title: Pulmonary Arterial Capacitance Is an Important Predictor of Mortality in XXXX With a Preserved Ejection Fraction.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 with @entity2 suffer from reduced continuous attention due to @entity3 . Among other means, driving simulator programs are employed for registration and objectification as well as observation of the course of therapy. While Steer Clear by Findley et al. and the driving simulator Carda (Randerath et al.) represent pure continuous attention tests, the new driving simulator test Carsim, measures attention interactively and continuously. This way, more complex functions are recorded. We therefore investigated Carda and the program Carsim to study the various features of both methods. For this purpose, 105 OSAS @entity0 were tested on both driving simulators concerning the mistake rate in Carda and the time of tracking deviations in Carsim. We defined the normal range by using the mean value +/- 2 standard deviations from our earlier publications in healthy @entity0 without @entity1 . With Carda the mistake rate exceeded in 10 of 105 @entity0 (9.5%) the normal range and with Carsim the frequency of tracking deviations exceeded in 49 of 105 @entity0 (46.7%) the normal range. The incidence of deviation from normal was significantly higher with Carsim testing. By additionally testing the number of pathological cases is with Carda increased from 46.7% to 51.4%. The tests characterize different components of @entity3 . Driving simulators with tracking tasks describe @entity3 in comparison with those measuring only components of reaction in a higher percentage.

title: [Two simulation programs to measure continuous attention in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between breast-feeding, dietary fiber intake and @entity3 in @entity0 . METHODS: The study population consisted of 275 @entity0 consecutively enrolled in two Primary Care Clinic in the city of Embu, in the Great S  o Paulo. The feeding pattern were classified in predominantly breast-feeding, partially breast and @entity2 's milk feeding and artificial feeding. Constipation was defined by the elimination of hard stool associated with one of the following: @entity1 , hard or round cracked stools and less than three defecations a week. False @entity3 was defined by the elimination of soft stools without @entity1 or difficulty but with less than three defecations a week. RESULTS: Constipation was found in 25.1% (69/275). False @entity3 was found only in the first semester of life in 5.1% of 159 @entity0 . The prevalence of @entity3 was higher between 6 and 24 months (38.8%, 45/116) than in the first semester of life (15.1%, p=0.000). A model of logistic regression demonstrated that @entity0 under artificial feeding were 4.53 times more liable to develop @entity3 than @entity0 who were predominantly breastfed. The daily dietary fiber intake (g/day) was similar (p=0.57) among the constipated (median=9.0 g; 25th and 75th percentiles: 6.9-13.1 g) and non-constipated (median=8.8 g; 25th and 75th percentiles: 6.1-12.9 g). CONCLUSIONS: Dietary fiber intake was similar in constipated and non-constipated @entity0 . Breast-feeding serves as a protection factor against the development of @entity3 in the first semester of life.

title: [Constipation in XXXX : influence of type of feeding and dietary fiber intake].

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 attachment behavior mediates establishment and maintenance of social relationships. Adult attachment characteristically varies on @entity1 and avoidance dimensions, reflecting the tendencies to worry about the partner breaking the social bond ( @entity1 ) and feeling uncomfortable about depending on others (avoidance). In primates and other mammals, the endogenous  -opioid system is linked to long-term social bonding, but evidence of its role in @entity0 adult attachment remains more limited. We used in vivo positron emission tomography to reveal how variability in  -opioid receptor ( @entity2 ) availability is associated with adult attachment in @entity0 . We scanned 49 healthy subjects using a @entity2 -specific ligand @entity3 and measured their attachment avoidance and @entity1 with the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised scale. The avoidance dimension of attachment correlated negatively with @entity2 availability in the thalamus and anterior cingulate cortex, as well as the frontal cortex, amygdala, and insula. No associations were observed between @entity2 availability and the @entity1 dimension of attachment. Our results suggest that the endogenous opioid system may underlie interindividual differences in avoidant attachment style in @entity0 adults, and that differences in @entity2 availability are associated with the individuals' social relationships and psychosocial well-being. Hum Brain Mapp, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Adult attachment style is associated with cerebral  -opioid receptor availability in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Our objective was to examine the usefulness of the Ki67 proliferation index as a prognostic marker in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). It is difficult to predict the prognosis of @entity3 by using conventional prognostic factors. Immunocytochemical analysis of @entity2 proliferation has been used as a prognostic tool in some @entity2 , but only rarely in @entity3 . In all, 71 @entity2 from 36 @entity0 were investigated, by using a semiautomatic image analysis programme. On average 10,000 nuclear profiles were counted per @entity2 , and the percentage of @entity2 cells expressing the proliferation marker, Ki67, was calculated. Primary @entity2 that had metastasised had higher Ki67 indices than primary @entity2 that had not metastasised. Recurrent lymph node @entity1 had higher Ki67 indices than the primary @entity2 . By using a Poisson model, it was possible to estimate the median survival time for individual @entity0 if the Ki67 index for the primary @entity2 and the age at surgery were known. The higher the Ki67 index and the age at operation were, the shorter was the survival. Estimating the median survival of individual @entity0 will be of help for planning the @entity0 ' life and postoperative follow-up and treatment.

title: The Ki67 index a prognostic marker in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In order to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of the @entity2 listed in adult registries from the Ukraine and Belarus, a histological review was organised of 327 randomly selected @entity2 cases diagnosed between 1980 and 1999. A final diagnosis was reached at a 5-day consensus conference by six pathologists who met around a multiheaded microscope. The study concluded with a comparison between the final diagnosis and the initial diagnosis. The pathologists agreed with the initial diagnosis of @entity0 in 286 cases (88%). A final diagnosis of papillary, follicular or @entity2 was reached in 86, 4, and 6% of the cases respectively. In 2.8% of the cases reviewed, diagnostic discrepancies persisted. The percentage of agreement between the final diagnosis and the initial diagnosis was 93%, with a weighted kappa-statistic of 0.61 (confidence interval 95% (CI(95%)): [0.45-0.77]). In all, 89% of the 286 confirmed @entity0 cases were in agreement for the type of @entity0 , with a kappa-statistic of 0.56 (CI(95%): [0.43-0.69]). The level of agreement differed according to @entity0 categories, with concordance rates of 94, 40 and 33% for papillary, follicular and medullary thyroid @entity1 respectively. The low prevalence of @entity2 in the adult population studied calls for further exploration. The discrepancies and classification difficulties encountered were analysed.

title: Histological validation of diagnoses of XXXX among adults in the registries of Belarus and the Ukraine.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) for @entity3 ( @entity5 ) produces high hematologic and organ responses. However, treatment-related mortality remains high and reported series are subject to selection bias. In all, 48 of 80 @entity6 @entity0 referred to our center had @entity5 in the absence of @entity3 , 26 of these 48 were deemed transplant candidates and 20 actually underwent @entity1 . Transplant-related mortality has fallen from 50 to 20% since January 1999 due to better @entity0 selection and prophylactic measures. Intent-to-treat organ responses were renal (46%), cardiac (25%) and liver (50%). Organ responses in @entity0 who survived transplantation were renal (75%), cardiac (40%) and liver (100%). The 3-year OS post- @entity1 was 56% with improved outcome predicted by a better performance status (P=0.08), normal ALP (P=0.08), @entity4 (P=0.01) and the absence of severe @entity2 (P=0.01). The 3-year OS for all referred @entity0 was 44% and this was not significantly better for transplant candidates. @entity0 with significant @entity2 (systolic blood pressure < or =90 mmHg) or poor performance status (ECOG >2) have an exceedingly high treatment-related mortality and should not be transplanted. For those undergoing @entity1 , organ response rates appear promising, but conclusive evidence of improved survival for this select group of @entity0 is still lacking and will require randomized trials.

title: XXXX in @entity3 : the impact of selection criteria on outcome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) for @entity3 ( @entity5 ) produces high hematologic and organ responses. However, treatment-related mortality remains high and reported series are subject to selection bias. In all, 48 of 80 @entity6 @entity0 referred to our center had @entity5 in the absence of @entity3 , 26 of these 48 were deemed transplant candidates and 20 actually underwent @entity1 . Transplant-related mortality has fallen from 50 to 20% since January 1999 due to better @entity0 selection and prophylactic measures. Intent-to-treat organ responses were renal (46%), cardiac (25%) and liver (50%). Organ responses in @entity0 who survived transplantation were renal (75%), cardiac (40%) and liver (100%). The 3-year OS post- @entity1 was 56% with improved outcome predicted by a better performance status (P=0.08), normal ALP (P=0.08), @entity4 (P=0.01) and the absence of severe @entity2 (P=0.01). The 3-year OS for all referred @entity0 was 44% and this was not significantly better for transplant candidates. @entity0 with significant @entity2 (systolic blood pressure < or =90 mmHg) or poor performance status (ECOG >2) have an exceedingly high treatment-related mortality and should not be transplanted. For those undergoing @entity1 , organ response rates appear promising, but conclusive evidence of improved survival for this select group of @entity0 is still lacking and will require randomized trials.

title: @entity1 in XXXX : the impact of selection criteria on outcome.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) are used to treat relapsed @entity2 after allogeneic @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We treated seven @entity0 with DLI for indolent @entity5 relapsed after @entity1 . In available blood and bone marrow samples, @entity3 cells were analysed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction of t(14;18)-positive cells in @entity3 , and by immunophenotyping in small @entity4 . Before DLI, three @entity0 were treated with chemo- and/or radiotherapy, and one with rituximab. Evaluable responses to pre-DLI therapy were stable disease in one and partial remission (PR) in two @entity0 . Six @entity0 responded to DLI (complete remission (CR) in four and PR in two). After DLI, @entity6 ( @entity6 ) occurred in 3/6 @entity0 , classified as grade 2, whereas only limited chronic @entity6 was seen (n=5). The four continuous CR are lasting for median 65+ (43-89) months. In the remaining @entity0 , not responding to DLI, progressive disease was seen later on; chemotherapy followed by another DLI resulted in CR. In three cases, clinical responses to DLI could be substantiated by molecular or immunophenotypic analysis of @entity3 cells. We conclude that DLI is effective for treatment of @entity3 relapsing after @entity1 .

title: Graft-versus- @entity3 effect of donor lymphocyte infusion in @entity3 relapsed after allogeneic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) are used to treat relapsed @entity2 after allogeneic @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We treated seven @entity0 with DLI for indolent @entity5 relapsed after @entity1 . In available blood and bone marrow samples, @entity3 cells were analysed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction of t(14;18)-positive cells in @entity3 , and by immunophenotyping in small @entity4 . Before DLI, three @entity0 were treated with chemo- and/or radiotherapy, and one with rituximab. Evaluable responses to pre-DLI therapy were stable disease in one and partial remission (PR) in two @entity0 . Six @entity0 responded to DLI (complete remission (CR) in four and PR in two). After DLI, @entity6 ( @entity6 ) occurred in 3/6 @entity0 , classified as grade 2, whereas only limited chronic @entity6 was seen (n=5). The four continuous CR are lasting for median 65+ (43-89) months. In the remaining @entity0 , not responding to DLI, progressive disease was seen later on; chemotherapy followed by another DLI resulted in CR. In three cases, clinical responses to DLI could be substantiated by molecular or immunophenotypic analysis of @entity3 cells. We conclude that DLI is effective for treatment of @entity3 relapsing after @entity1 .

title: Graft-versus- XXXX effect of donor lymphocyte infusion in @entity3 relapsed after allogeneic @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) are used to treat relapsed @entity2 after allogeneic @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We treated seven @entity0 with DLI for indolent @entity5 relapsed after @entity1 . In available blood and bone marrow samples, @entity3 cells were analysed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction of t(14;18)-positive cells in @entity3 , and by immunophenotyping in small @entity4 . Before DLI, three @entity0 were treated with chemo- and/or radiotherapy, and one with rituximab. Evaluable responses to pre-DLI therapy were stable disease in one and partial remission (PR) in two @entity0 . Six @entity0 responded to DLI (complete remission (CR) in four and PR in two). After DLI, @entity6 ( @entity6 ) occurred in 3/6 @entity0 , classified as grade 2, whereas only limited chronic @entity6 was seen (n=5). The four continuous CR are lasting for median 65+ (43-89) months. In the remaining @entity0 , not responding to DLI, progressive disease was seen later on; chemotherapy followed by another DLI resulted in CR. In three cases, clinical responses to DLI could be substantiated by molecular or immunophenotypic analysis of @entity3 cells. We conclude that DLI is effective for treatment of @entity3 relapsing after @entity1 .

title: Graft-versus- @entity3 effect of donor lymphocyte infusion in XXXX relapsed after allogeneic @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In this experimental study, consist of 54 @entity0 , we tried to observe the effectiveness of haemopoietic growth factors such as @entity3 and @entity4 in treatment of @entity1 and see if they have any effects on phagocytic activity of macrophages when are administered after establishment of @entity1 . In first phase of this study, twenty one @entity0 were randomly divided into three groups of 7 animals each. Cecal ligation and perforation were carried out in each @entity0 and @entity1 made up. The Control group received 2 x 0.2 cc %5 dextrose injection subcutaneous (s.c.).. The @entity3 group received 2 x 1 g @entity3 with 0.2 cc %5 dextrose s.c. The @entity4 received 1 x 2 g @entity4 with 0.2 cc %5 dextrose s.c. Seventh day survival was considered as criterion in the three groups. In second phase of this study, thirty three @entity0 were randomly divided into three groups of 11 animals each. The same procedures were carried out also in these groups. Leukocyte counts and peripheric spread were analyzed in postoperative 24th and 72th hours, alveolar and peritoneal macrophages were Investigated in postoperative 72nd hour. There was significantly neutrophilic leukocytosis in the @entity3 group according to the control group. Nevertheless, there was no change in the phagocytic activity of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. @entity4 brought about positive effect of phagocytic activity of macrophages without change of leucocyte count in the @entity1 , but it caused neutrophilic, monocytosis and @entity2 . The seventh day survival rates in control, @entity3 , @entity4 groups were as; 42.8%, 71.4%, 28.5% respectively. As a result, we saw that @entity3 has no effect on the phagocytic activity of macrophages, while increases the survival by enhancing the count and probably the function of neutrophils. @entity4 fails to increase survival while effects the phagocytic activities of macrophages positively and enhances the peripheral neutrophil and monosit counts without changing the total number of leukocytes.

title: [The effectiveness of hemopoietic growth factors in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to confirm whether @entity5 and @entity4 polymorphisms of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were risk factors for @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHOD: 109 @entity1 @entity0 and 165 @entity1 -free controls were enrolled in the study. The @entity5 and @entity4 polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length of polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by the X(2) test to assess the relationship of @entity5 and @entity4 polymorphisms with @entity1 risk. Analysis of haplotype and stratification by age and smoking status was conducted as well. RESULTS: AA genotype and A allele of @entity5 polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk for @entity1 (OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.70-8.30; OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.14-2.36). For @entity4 polymorphism, CT genotype showed strong effects on the occurrence of @entity1 (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.04-4.27). Moreover, C allele was also a risk factor for @entity1 (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.02-3.72). The haplotypes analysis suggested that the risk for @entity2 haplotype carriers was high, compared with GT haplotype (OR = 3.91, 95% CI = 2.58-5.94). In addition, we found that smoking status could affect the genotype distribution of @entity4 polymorphism (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that @entity3 polymorphisms @entity5 and @entity4 might be associated with the susceptibility to @entity1 in Chinese population.

title: Association of XXXX gene polymorphisms with age-related macular egeneration susceptibility.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Three prospective randomized trials have shown that postexcisional radiation therapy can reduce the relative risk of local recurrence by about 50% in conservatively treated @entity1 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In an era of evidence-based medicine, how then can one possibly take a stand against the routine use of radiation therapy after local excision? Surprisingly, the rationale is straightforward. In some low-risk @entity3 @entity1 , the costs may far outweigh the potential benefits. In spite of a relative 50% reduction in the probability of local recurrence, the absolute reduction may only be a few percentage points. In addition, the prospective trials focus on local recurrence as their primary end point because it is, by far, the most common untoward event following conservative treatment. Local recurrence is clearly important, but @entity0 -specific survival is, in fact, an even more important end point, and no trial in @entity1 with @entity3 has ever shown a survival benefit with the use of radiation. Moreover, radiation therapy is not without financial and physical cost. So, if there is no difference in @entity0 -specific survival regardless of the treatment and in some subgroups the absolute benefit from radiation therapy is extremely small, it seems reasonable to attempt to develop a system to select @entity1 with @entity3 who could be safely treated in the least aggressive way. The University of Southern California/Van Nuys Prognostic Index (USC/VNPI) uses five independent predictors of local recurrence to do exactly that. The combination of @entity2 size, margin width, nuclear grade, age, and the presence or absence of comedonecrosis can be used to identify subgroups of @entity1 with an extremely low probability of developing a local recurrence after excision alone. When accurate measurements of @entity2 size cannot be made, margin width can be used as a surrogate parameter for the USC/VNPI. New oncoplastic techniques that allow more extensive excisions can be used to achieve both acceptable cosmesis and widely clear margins, helping to alleviate the need for radiation therapy in many cases.

title: An argument against routine use of radiotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate direct medical costs of managing major @entity4 in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Costs were estimated for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 by applying unit costs to typical resource use profiles. Data were obtained from many Canadian sources, including the Ontario Case Cost Project, provincial physician and laboratory fee schedules, provincial formularies, government reports, and peer-reviewed literature. For each complication, the event costs per @entity0 are those associated with resource use specific to the acute episode and any subsequent care occurring in the first year. State costs are the annual costs per @entity0 of continued management. All costs are expressed in 1996 Canadian dollars. RESULTS: Acute hospital care accounts for approximately half of the first year management costs ( 15,125) of @entity5 . Given the greater need for postacute care, acute hospital care has less impact (28%) on event costs for @entity2 ( 31,076). The state costs for @entity5 and @entity2 are  1544 and  8141 per @entity0 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Macrovascular complications of @entity1 potentially represent a substantial burden to @entity7 's health care system. As new therapies emerge that may reduce the incidence of some @entity6 , decision makers will need information to make critical decisions regarding how to spend limited health care dollars. Published literature lacks Canadian-specific cost estimates that may be readily translated into @entity0 -level cost inputs for an economic model. This paper provides two key pieces of the many needed to understand the scope of the economic burden of @entity1 and its complications for @entity7 .

title: @entity1 in @entity7 : direct medical costs of major XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate direct medical costs of managing major @entity4 in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Costs were estimated for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 by applying unit costs to typical resource use profiles. Data were obtained from many Canadian sources, including the Ontario Case Cost Project, provincial physician and laboratory fee schedules, provincial formularies, government reports, and peer-reviewed literature. For each complication, the event costs per @entity0 are those associated with resource use specific to the acute episode and any subsequent care occurring in the first year. State costs are the annual costs per @entity0 of continued management. All costs are expressed in 1996 Canadian dollars. RESULTS: Acute hospital care accounts for approximately half of the first year management costs ( 15,125) of @entity5 . Given the greater need for postacute care, acute hospital care has less impact (28%) on event costs for @entity2 ( 31,076). The state costs for @entity5 and @entity2 are  1544 and  8141 per @entity0 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Macrovascular complications of @entity1 potentially represent a substantial burden to @entity7 's health care system. As new therapies emerge that may reduce the incidence of some @entity6 , decision makers will need information to make critical decisions regarding how to spend limited health care dollars. Published literature lacks Canadian-specific cost estimates that may be readily translated into @entity0 -level cost inputs for an economic model. This paper provides two key pieces of the many needed to understand the scope of the economic burden of @entity1 and its complications for @entity7 .

title: XXXX in @entity7 : direct medical costs of major @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate direct medical costs of managing major @entity4 in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Costs were estimated for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 by applying unit costs to typical resource use profiles. Data were obtained from many Canadian sources, including the Ontario Case Cost Project, provincial physician and laboratory fee schedules, provincial formularies, government reports, and peer-reviewed literature. For each complication, the event costs per @entity0 are those associated with resource use specific to the acute episode and any subsequent care occurring in the first year. State costs are the annual costs per @entity0 of continued management. All costs are expressed in 1996 Canadian dollars. RESULTS: Acute hospital care accounts for approximately half of the first year management costs ( 15,125) of @entity5 . Given the greater need for postacute care, acute hospital care has less impact (28%) on event costs for @entity2 ( 31,076). The state costs for @entity5 and @entity2 are  1544 and  8141 per @entity0 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Macrovascular complications of @entity1 potentially represent a substantial burden to @entity7 's health care system. As new therapies emerge that may reduce the incidence of some @entity6 , decision makers will need information to make critical decisions regarding how to spend limited health care dollars. Published literature lacks Canadian-specific cost estimates that may be readily translated into @entity0 -level cost inputs for an economic model. This paper provides two key pieces of the many needed to understand the scope of the economic burden of @entity1 and its complications for @entity7 .

title: @entity1 in XXXX : direct medical costs of major @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity4 incidence is reported in high frequency in northeast India. The etiology is different from other population at India due to wide variations in dietary habits or nutritional factors, @entity3 /betel quid chewing and @entity2 habits. Since DNA methylation, histone modification and miRNA-mediated epigenetic processes alter the gene expression, the involvement of these processes might be useful to find out epigenetic markers of @entity4 risk in northeast Indian population. The present investigation was aimed to carryout differential expression profiling of chromatin modification enzymes in @entity1 and normal tissue collected from @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 . Differential mRNA expression profiling and their validation was done by quantitative real time PCR and tissue microarray respectively. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the epidemiological data. mRNA expression data was analyzed by Student t-test. Fisher exact test was used for tissue microarray data analysis. Higher expression of enzymes regulating methylation ( @entity10 and @entity9 ) and acetylation ( @entity11 , @entity6 , @entity8 and @entity7 ) of histone was found associated with @entity5 risk. Tissue microarray done in independent cohort of 75 @entity0 revealed higher nuclear protein expression of @entity6 and @entity9 in @entity1 similar to mRNA expression. Expression status of @entity9 and @entity6 was found declined as we move from low grade to high grade @entity1 . Betel nut chewing, @entity2 drinking and dried fish intake were significantly associated with increased risk of @entity4 among the study subject. Study suggests the association of @entity9 and @entity6 with @entity4 risk and its involvement in the transition process of low to high grade @entity1 formation. The study exposes the differential status of chromatin modification enzymes between @entity1 and normal tissue and points out that relaxed state of chromatin facilitates more transcriptionally active genome in esophageal carcinogenesis.

title: Status of epigenetic chromatin modification enzymes and XXXX risk in northeast Indian population.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of reagent strips in the evaluation of pleocytosis, cerebrospinal fluid @entity1 and protein levels for early and rapid diagnosis of @entity2 in @entity0 . METHODS: We included cerebrospinal fluid samples of 164 @entity0 admitted to the outpatient clinic of Communicable Diseases of the General Pediatric Center (Funda    o Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, CGP-FHEMIG) during the daytime hours from May of 1997 to May 1999, and who presented with clinical suspicion of @entity2 . @entity0 ranged in age from one month to 12 years (median 12 months). Results from the cytological and biochemical assay (cellularity, cerebrospinal fluid @entity1 and protein levels) were obtained from 154 @entity0 . These results were subsequently compared with the reaction of cerebrospinal fluid in reagent strips. RESULTS: The cytological and biochemical assay identified 43 cases of probable @entity4 , 19 of probable @entity3 , and 83 with no alterations. According to the reagent strips, there were 41 cases of probable @entity4 , 2 of probable @entity3 , and 71 with no alterations. By comparing the results of reagent strips and those of the cytological and biochemical assay, we obtained values for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy (respectively 90.7; 98.1; 95.1; 96.4; and 96.1). Statistical analysis using McNemer test did not indicate significant differences between the two methods in the diagnosis of @entity4 (P=0.68). Kappa statistics indicated a high level of agreement between the tests (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that reagent strips may be a useful additional resource in the diagnosis of @entity4 , especially when it is difficult to collect a sufficient amount of cerebrospinal fluid or to indicate the initial treatment.

title: [Diagnosis of XXXX with reagent strips]

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency, the clinical features and laboratory exams of @entity0 with musculoskeletal symptoms at the onset of @entity8 . METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive study including @entity0 diagnosed with @entity8 , and treated at the Institute of Pediatric Oncology of UNIFESP, carried out from November 1999 to February 2000. The data on musculoskeletal complaints were obtained from a questionnaire. The medical records were revised in order to get data on the clinical examination and laboratory tests at the beginning of the illness. RESULTS: Sixty-one @entity0 were included in this trial, 93% with @entity5 , and 7% with @entity8 . Thirty-eight @entity0 (62%) had @entity9 at the onset. @entity4 was observed in eight @entity0 . The mean number of involved joints was 2.5 (1-6). The most frequently involved joints were the knees, ankles and elbows. Three @entity0 (4.9%) had normal blood count. Low hemoglobin was reported in 54 @entity0 (88%) (in six @entity0 it was the only @entity7 ), @entity6 in 14 (22%), @entity3 in 26 (42%) and low platelet count in 46 (75%). CONCLUSIONS: The musculoskeletal symptoms are common at the onset of @entity8 so, @entity1 should always be ruled out in @entity0 presenting chronic or acute @entity4 or @entity2 . The laboratory tests may be normal at the onset of the illness, making differential diagnosis more difficult.

title: [Musculoskeletal manifestations as the onset of XXXX in childhood].

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: Studies have consistently shown an association between physical activity and increased health and well-being after a @entity2 diagnosis. Nevertheless, large proportions of @entity0 survivors do not meet recommended levels of physical activity. The aim of this study was to describe physical activity levels during the first two years after being diagnosed with @entity0 , and to explore the predictive ability of physical inactivity on longer-term self-rated health, physical symptoms, and @entity6 . METHOD: Study @entity1 were @entity1 recently having had a first @entity0 surgery at one of the three main hospitals in Stockholm between 2007 and 2009. A total of 726 @entity1 were included and responded to six questionnaire assessments during the 24 months following diagnosis. RESULTS: Less than one third of the @entity1 were sufficiently physically active at baseline. Physical activity decreased after surgery, increased at 8 month follow-up, and subsequently decreased slightly during the subsequent follow-up period. Physical inactivity was related to reduced health, increased symptoms such as @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity3 . CONCLUSION: This study provides additional support for the beneficial consequences of being physically active after a @entity0 diagnosis and highlights a potential target for intervention. This study provides additional support showing that being physically active even at a very low level seems to result in health benefits. Physical activity should be encouraged among @entity1 treated for @entity0 .

title: Physical activity following a XXXX diagnosis: Implications for self-rated health and @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Studies have consistently shown an association between physical activity and increased health and well-being after a @entity2 diagnosis. Nevertheless, large proportions of @entity0 survivors do not meet recommended levels of physical activity. The aim of this study was to describe physical activity levels during the first two years after being diagnosed with @entity0 , and to explore the predictive ability of physical inactivity on longer-term self-rated health, physical symptoms, and @entity6 . METHOD: Study @entity1 were @entity1 recently having had a first @entity0 surgery at one of the three main hospitals in Stockholm between 2007 and 2009. A total of 726 @entity1 were included and responded to six questionnaire assessments during the 24 months following diagnosis. RESULTS: Less than one third of the @entity1 were sufficiently physically active at baseline. Physical activity decreased after surgery, increased at 8 month follow-up, and subsequently decreased slightly during the subsequent follow-up period. Physical inactivity was related to reduced health, increased symptoms such as @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity3 . CONCLUSION: This study provides additional support for the beneficial consequences of being physically active after a @entity0 diagnosis and highlights a potential target for intervention. This study provides additional support showing that being physically active even at a very low level seems to result in health benefits. Physical activity should be encouraged among @entity1 treated for @entity0 .

title: Physical activity following a @entity0 diagnosis: Implications for self-rated health and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity5 is a growing public health problem. Screening for early identification could improve health but could also lead to unnecessary harms and excess costs. OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of periodic, population-based dipstick screening for early detection of urine protein in adults with neither @entity2 nor @entity1 and in adults with @entity2 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND POPULATION: Cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov decision analytic model to compare a strategy of annual screening with no screening (usual care) for @entity4 at age 50 years followed by treatment with an @entity6 ( @entity6 ) inhibitor or an angiotensin II-receptor blocker (ARB). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). RESULTS: For @entity0 with neither @entity2 nor @entity1 , the cost-effectiveness ratio for screening vs no screening (usual care) was unfavorable (282 818 dollars per QALY; incremental cost of 616 dollars and a gain of 0.0022 QALYs per @entity0 ). However, screening such @entity0 beginning at age 60 years yielded a more favorable ratio (53 372 dollars per QALY). For @entity0 with @entity2 , the ratio was highly favorable (18 621 dollars per QALY; incremental cost of 476 dollars and a gain of 0.03 QALYs per @entity0 ). Cost-effectiveness was mediated by both @entity5 progression and @entity3 prevention benefits of @entity6 inhibitor and ARB therapy. Influential parameters that might make screening for the general population more cost-effective include a greater incidence of @entity4 , age at screening (53 372 dollars per QALY for @entity0 beginning screening at age 60 years), or lower frequency of screening (every 10 years: 80 700 dollars per QALY at age 50 years; 6195 dollars per QALY at age 60 years; and 5486 dollars per QALY at age 70 years). CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of urine protein to slow progression of @entity5 and decrease mortality is not cost-effective unless selectively directed toward high-risk groups (older @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity2 ) or conducted at an infrequent interval of 10 years.

title: Screening for XXXX in US adults: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a @entity1 with a possible underlying pathology of immune-mediated @entity3 . Genetic susceptibility associated with @entity4 *51 and B*2702 has been implicated in its pathogenesis. Considering the recently defined regulatory mechanisms of NK cells through HLA class I binding receptors, we hypothesized that interactions of NK and T cells through the NK receptors may be important in the pathogenesis of @entity2 . METHODS: The impact of different expression patterns of HLA-recognizing receptors on NK or T cells was analysed in 51 @entity0 with @entity2 and 32 healthy controls. We used flow cytometry to investigate the expression of @entity9 from the polymorphic killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ( @entity9 ) family, which binds a shared HLA-Bw4 motif on HLA-B51 and *2702 alleles, and @entity8 from the conserved C-type lectin receptor family, which binds @entity6 . Thirty-three of the @entity2 @entity0 and 19 of the controls carried the same HLA-Bw4 motif. RESULTS: CD3(+) T cells were increased in @entity0 with @entity2 compared with controls (81 vs 75%, P = 0.001), whereas the NK cells did not show any difference between the two groups. Increased expression of @entity8 in @entity2 was observed on @entity7 (+) @entity5 (+) cells (66 vs 57, P = 0.04) and on CD3(+) (7.7 vs 4.0, P < 0.001) and CD3(+) @entity5 (+) (44 vs 35, P = 0.02) T cells. @entity9 expression on the NK and T cells was not statistically different between the two groups. No effect of @entity10 motif was observed on the expression of @entity8 and @entity9 in both the @entity0 and the controls. CONCLUSION: The absence of a correlation between @entity9 expression and HLA-Bw4 motif confirms previous work reporting that the expression of these molecules is regulated separately. Increased expression of @entity8 may suggest that NK receptors play a pathogenic or regulatory role in @entity2 .

title: Expression of XXXX and C-type lectin receptors in Behcet's disease.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: In evolving @entity1 , assessment of the sum of early resolution of ST-segment elevation (sumSTR) has become an established method to predict outcome. We have found previously that mortality is predicted more accurately by the existing ST-segment deviation in the single electrocardiograph (ECG) lead with maximum deviation (maxSTE) 90 min after start of thrombolysis. This report compares the power to predict medium-term mortality by these two approaches. METHODS: An ST-segment resolution substudy was done in conjunction with the Intravenous nPA for Treatment of Infarcting Myocardium Early (InTIME) II Study, which compared mortality in @entity0 with acute @entity1 randomly assigned lanoteplase or alteplase. In 2719 @entity0 , a 12-lead ECG was assessed at baseline and 90 min after the start of thrombolytic therapy. FINDINGS: MaxSTE achieved a better combination of sensitivities and specificities for mortality prediction than sumSTR. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves for 180-day mortality prediction was 0.680 for maxSTE and 0.622 for sumSTR (difference 0.058; 95% CI 0.027-0.088). Risk groups categorised at low, medium, or high risk by maxSTE comprised 43%, 32%, and 24% of @entity0 and those by complete, partial, or no sumSTR comprised 40%, 36%, and 24% of all @entity0 . The 180-day mortality rates for the three maxSTE risk groups were 3.1%, 7.1%, and 16.2%, and those for the sumSTR groups were 4.8%, 8.1%, and 11.7%. The 12-month Kaplan-Meier estimates were 4.1%, 8.8%, and 18.6%, and 5.9%, 9.9%, and 13.7%, respectively. INTERPRETATION: MaxSTE predicts early and medium-term mortality more accurately than does sumSTR. The prognosis for an individual @entity0 can be accurately estimated simply by the ST-segment deviation present in one ECG lead recorded 90 min after thrombolysis.

title: Extent of ST-segment deviation in a single electrocardiogram lead 90 min after thrombolysis as a predictor of medium-term mortality in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the IgG antibody response against P. vivax (IgG anti-PV), and cytophilic (IgG1 and @entity2 ) and noncytophilic (IgG2) IgG subclasses in 34 @entity0 aged 0 to 15 years old infected with @entity3 @entity1 . METHODS: IgG levels were determined by indirect fluorescent antibody technique during the acute and therapeutic control phase. @entity0 were distributed into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of a previous @entity1 episode. IgG anti-PV levels were measured on the first and last day of treatment, and compared by Studentacute;s t test. Antibody levels were correlated with @entity4 (Spearma  s correlation test). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Increased IgG levels were observed on the first and on the last day of treatment. The geometric means for IgG subclass titers found in @entity0 with previous history of @entity1 were: IgG1 (806.35) > @entity2 (28.28) > IgG2 (20). In @entity0 infected for the first time, the responses obtained were: IgG1 (709.21) > @entity2 (39.3) > IgG2 (10.7). There was no association between @entity4 and antibody levels on the first day of treatment. Cytophilic antibodies (IgG1, @entity2 ) predominated over noncytophilic antibodies (IgG2).

title: [IgG antibody response against @entity3 in @entity0 exposed to XXXX , before and after specific treatment]

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the IgG antibody response against P. vivax (IgG anti-PV), and cytophilic (IgG1 and @entity2 ) and noncytophilic (IgG2) IgG subclasses in 34 @entity0 aged 0 to 15 years old infected with @entity3 @entity1 . METHODS: IgG levels were determined by indirect fluorescent antibody technique during the acute and therapeutic control phase. @entity0 were distributed into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of a previous @entity1 episode. IgG anti-PV levels were measured on the first and last day of treatment, and compared by Studentacute;s t test. Antibody levels were correlated with @entity4 (Spearma  s correlation test). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Increased IgG levels were observed on the first and on the last day of treatment. The geometric means for IgG subclass titers found in @entity0 with previous history of @entity1 were: IgG1 (806.35) > @entity2 (28.28) > IgG2 (20). In @entity0 infected for the first time, the responses obtained were: IgG1 (709.21) > @entity2 (39.3) > IgG2 (10.7). There was no association between @entity4 and antibody levels on the first day of treatment. Cytophilic antibodies (IgG1, @entity2 ) predominated over noncytophilic antibodies (IgG2).

title: [IgG antibody response against XXXX in @entity0 exposed to @entity1 , before and after specific treatment]

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the IgG antibody response against P. vivax (IgG anti-PV), and cytophilic (IgG1 and @entity2 ) and noncytophilic (IgG2) IgG subclasses in 34 @entity0 aged 0 to 15 years old infected with @entity3 @entity1 . METHODS: IgG levels were determined by indirect fluorescent antibody technique during the acute and therapeutic control phase. @entity0 were distributed into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of a previous @entity1 episode. IgG anti-PV levels were measured on the first and last day of treatment, and compared by Studentacute;s t test. Antibody levels were correlated with @entity4 (Spearma  s correlation test). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Increased IgG levels were observed on the first and on the last day of treatment. The geometric means for IgG subclass titers found in @entity0 with previous history of @entity1 were: IgG1 (806.35) > @entity2 (28.28) > IgG2 (20). In @entity0 infected for the first time, the responses obtained were: IgG1 (709.21) > @entity2 (39.3) > IgG2 (10.7). There was no association between @entity4 and antibody levels on the first day of treatment. Cytophilic antibodies (IgG1, @entity2 ) predominated over noncytophilic antibodies (IgG2).

title: [IgG antibody response against @entity3 in XXXX exposed to @entity1 , before and after specific treatment]

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: In this retrospective analysis, survival time, local recurrence and rate of @entity1 were appraised in @entity0 with primary @entity3 depending upon the applied primary and adjuvant therapy procedures. Furthermore, we compared the representativity of histological results of the biopsy with the final histology of the resected @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between 1990 and 1998, 27 @entity0 were surgically treated who suffered from a primary @entity3 . At the mean follow-up time of 62.4 months (39-141 months) postoperative survival rate, rate of @entity1 and local recurrence were determined. The results were analysed with regard to intraoperative resection distance, @entity2 size and localisation as well as histological classification of previous biopsy and finally resected @entity2 . The influence of radiotherapy on the results was also determined. RESULTS: In 5 @entity0 (18.5%) the amputation and in 22 cases (81.5%) the limb sparing resection of the @entity3 was performed. 6 @entity0 underwent a marginal resection and one @entity0 an intralesional resection. At follow-up we observed a local recurrence rate of 22.2% (n = 6) and a survival rate of 74.1%. 18.5% of the @entity0 had @entity1 . After adjuvant radiotherapy three @entity0 (50%) showed local recurrence after marginal resection. In only 8 cases (29.6%) the results of primary biopsy and final @entity2 classification (entity, subtype and grading) were identical. CONCLUSION: The development of @entity1 (often pulmonary) and local recurrences even after long @entity2 -free interval makes adequate follow-up investigations mandatory in @entity3 @entity0 . With regard to the problems in assessing @entity3 biopsies, MRI-orientated biopsies from several @entity2 areas via one biopsy approach are recommended.

title: [Midterm results after treatment of XXXX in the extremities].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fusobacterium necrophorum, an anaerobic, gram-negative rod, belongs to the physiological flora of the oropharynx. It causes @entity9 characterized by oropharyngeal infection, septic @entity5 of the neck, in particular of the internal jugular vein, and metastatic abscesses, predominantly in the lungs. Rarely, and mainly in @entity0 , it causes @entity3 . Here we report the clinical course of a 25-year-old @entity0 with F. @entity3 . She presented with @entity7 . Within a few days, she developed @entity2 , @entity3 and progressive @entity6 . Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed typical signs of @entity8 . After the identification of F. necrophorum, the antibiotic treatment was changed to meropenem, which led to continuous improvement of the clinical symptoms. Due to persistent signs of @entity1 in the CSF, @entity4 was added to the antibiotic regime. This case report demonstrates that F. necrophorum should always be considered in the diagnostic workup of @entity8 in adults.

title: [ XXXX as a complication of Fusobacterium necroforum infection in adults].

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) quantification and analysis has been successfully applied to functional imaging studies of @entity1 in adults. The present study evaluated whether localisation of the epileptogenic zone (determined by @entity4 ) improves upon visually examined single-photon emission tomography (SPET) imaging in presurgical assessment of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The @entity0 sample consisted of 24 @entity0 (15 males) aged 2.1-17.8 years (9.8+/-4.3 years; mean+/-SD) with intractable @entity2 or @entity3 . SPET imaging was acquired routinely in presurgical evaluation. All @entity0 images were transformed into the standard stereotactic space of the adult @entity4 SPET template prior to @entity4 statistical analysis. Individual @entity0 images were contrasted with an adult control group of 22 healthy adult females. Resultant statistical parametric maps were rendered over the @entity4 canonical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two corresponding sets of ictal and interictal @entity4 and SPET images were then generated for each @entity0 . Experienced clinicians independently reviewed the image sets, blinded to clinical details. Concordance of the reports between @entity4 and SPET images, syndrome classification and MRI abnormality was studied. A fair level of inter-rater reliability (kappa=0.73) was evident for @entity4 localisation. @entity4 was concordant with SPET in 71% of all @entity0 , the majority of the discordance being from the @entity3 group. @entity4 and SPET localisation were concordant with @entity1 in 80% of the @entity2 cases. Concordant localisation to syndrome was worse for both @entity4 (33%) and SPET (44%) in the @entity3 group. Data from a small sample of @entity0 with varied focal structural pathologies suggested that @entity4 performed poorly relative to SPET in these cases. Concordance of @entity4 and SPET with syndrome was lower in @entity0 younger than 6 years than in those aged 6 years and above. @entity4 is effective in localising the potential epileptogenic zone but does not provide additional benefit beyond SPET in presurgical assessment of @entity0 with intractable @entity1 . The impact of different pathologies on the efficacy of @entity4 warrants further study.

title: Application of statistical parametric mapping to SPET in the assessment of intractable childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Back @entity0 is a common disabling chronic condition that burdens individuals, families and societies. Epidemiological evidence, mainly from high-income countries, shows positive association between @entity1 prevalence and older age. There is an urgent need for accurate epidemiological data on @entity1 in adult populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where populations are ageing rapidly. The objectives of this study are to: measure the prevalence of @entity1 ; identify risk factors and determinants associated with @entity1 , and describe association between @entity1 and disability in adults aged 50 years and older, in six LMICs from different regions of the world. The findings provide insights into country-level differences in self-reported @entity1 and disability in a group of socially, culturally, economically and geographically diverse LMICs. METHODS: Standardized national survey data collected from adults (50 years and older) participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and adult health ( @entity2 ) were analysed. The weighted sample (n = 30, 146) comprised respondents in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, South Africa and the Russian Federation. Multivariable regressions describe factors associated with @entity1 prevalence and intensity, and @entity1 as a determinant of disability. RESULTS: Prevalence was highest in the Russian Federation (56%) and lowest in China (22%). In the pooled multi-country analyses, female sex, lower education, lower wealth and multiple chronic morbidities were significant in association with @entity1 (p<0.01). About 8% of respondents reported that they experienced intense @entity1 in the previous month. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence on @entity1 and its impact on disability is needed in developing countries so that governments can invest in cost-effective education and rehabilitation to reduce the growing social and economic burden imposed by this disabling condition.

title: Risk Factors and Disability Associated with Low Back XXXX in Older Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Results from the WHO Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Back @entity0 is a common disabling chronic condition that burdens individuals, families and societies. Epidemiological evidence, mainly from high-income countries, shows positive association between @entity1 prevalence and older age. There is an urgent need for accurate epidemiological data on @entity1 in adult populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where populations are ageing rapidly. The objectives of this study are to: measure the prevalence of @entity1 ; identify risk factors and determinants associated with @entity1 , and describe association between @entity1 and disability in adults aged 50 years and older, in six LMICs from different regions of the world. The findings provide insights into country-level differences in self-reported @entity1 and disability in a group of socially, culturally, economically and geographically diverse LMICs. METHODS: Standardized national survey data collected from adults (50 years and older) participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and adult health ( @entity2 ) were analysed. The weighted sample (n = 30, 146) comprised respondents in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, South Africa and the Russian Federation. Multivariable regressions describe factors associated with @entity1 prevalence and intensity, and @entity1 as a determinant of disability. RESULTS: Prevalence was highest in the Russian Federation (56%) and lowest in China (22%). In the pooled multi-country analyses, female sex, lower education, lower wealth and multiple chronic morbidities were significant in association with @entity1 (p<0.01). About 8% of respondents reported that they experienced intense @entity1 in the previous month. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence on @entity1 and its impact on disability is needed in developing countries so that governments can invest in cost-effective education and rehabilitation to reduce the growing social and economic burden imposed by this disabling condition.

title: Risk Factors and Disability Associated with Low Back @entity0 in Older Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Results from the WHO Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute lower @entity2 (ALRI) are a leading cause of @entity1 among African @entity0 under five. A significant proportion of these are attributable to household air pollution from solid fuel use. METHODS: We assessed the relationship between cooking practices and ALRI in pooled datasets of Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2000 and 2011 in countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The impacts of main cooking fuel, cooking location and stove ventilation were examined in 18 (n = 56,437), 9 (n = 23,139) and 6 countries (n = 14,561) respectively. We used a causal diagram and multivariable logistic mixed models to assess the influence of covariates at individual, regional and national levels. RESULTS: Main cooking fuel had a statistically significant impact on ALRI risk (p<0.0001), with season acting as an effect modifier (p = 0.034). During the rainy season, relative to clean fuels, the odds of suffering from ALRI were raised for @entity3 ( @entity6 ; CI: 0.99, 2.71), coal and charcoal ( @entity5 ; CI: 1.21, 1.97), wood (OR 1.20; CI: 0.95, 1.51) and lower-grade biomass fuels (OR 1.49; CI: 0.93, 2.35). In contrast, during the dry season the corresponding odds were reduced for @entity3 ( @entity8 ; CI: 0.77, 1.95), coal and charcoal ( @entity7 ; CI: 1.06, 1.72) and lower-grade biomass fuels (OR 1.07; CI: 0.69, 1.66) but increased for wood ( @entity4 ; CI: 1.04, 1.66). Cooking location also emerged as a season-dependent statistically significant (p = 0.0070) determinant of ALRI, in particular cooking indoors without a separate kitchen during the rainy season (OR 1.80; CI: 1.30, 2.50). Due to infrequent use in Africa we could, however, not demonstrate an effect of stove ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: We found differential and season-dependent risks for different types of solid fuels and @entity3 as well as cooking location on @entity0 ALRI. Future household air pollution studies should consider potential effect modification of cooking fuel by season.

title: Cooking and Season as Risk Factors for Acute Lower XXXX in African @entity0 : A Cross-Sectional Multi-Country Analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute lower @entity2 (ALRI) are a leading cause of @entity1 among African @entity0 under five. A significant proportion of these are attributable to household air pollution from solid fuel use. METHODS: We assessed the relationship between cooking practices and ALRI in pooled datasets of Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2000 and 2011 in countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The impacts of main cooking fuel, cooking location and stove ventilation were examined in 18 (n = 56,437), 9 (n = 23,139) and 6 countries (n = 14,561) respectively. We used a causal diagram and multivariable logistic mixed models to assess the influence of covariates at individual, regional and national levels. RESULTS: Main cooking fuel had a statistically significant impact on ALRI risk (p<0.0001), with season acting as an effect modifier (p = 0.034). During the rainy season, relative to clean fuels, the odds of suffering from ALRI were raised for @entity3 ( @entity6 ; CI: 0.99, 2.71), coal and charcoal ( @entity5 ; CI: 1.21, 1.97), wood (OR 1.20; CI: 0.95, 1.51) and lower-grade biomass fuels (OR 1.49; CI: 0.93, 2.35). In contrast, during the dry season the corresponding odds were reduced for @entity3 ( @entity8 ; CI: 0.77, 1.95), coal and charcoal ( @entity7 ; CI: 1.06, 1.72) and lower-grade biomass fuels (OR 1.07; CI: 0.69, 1.66) but increased for wood ( @entity4 ; CI: 1.04, 1.66). Cooking location also emerged as a season-dependent statistically significant (p = 0.0070) determinant of ALRI, in particular cooking indoors without a separate kitchen during the rainy season (OR 1.80; CI: 1.30, 2.50). Due to infrequent use in Africa we could, however, not demonstrate an effect of stove ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: We found differential and season-dependent risks for different types of solid fuels and @entity3 as well as cooking location on @entity0 ALRI. Future household air pollution studies should consider potential effect modification of cooking fuel by season.

title: Cooking and Season as Risk Factors for Acute Lower @entity2 in African XXXX : A Cross-Sectional Multi-Country Analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Prior studies have shown that the surgical resection rate for black @entity0 with @entity1 is significantly lower than that of white @entity0 , which may partially explain the worse outcomes observed in this group. Over the past decade, however, there has been increasing utilization of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) as an alternative to surgical resection for inoperable @entity0 . We undertook a population-based study to evaluate potential racial disparities in the use of SBRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the National @entity1 Database, black and white @entity0 with Stage I NSCLC between 2003 and 2011 were identified. @entity0 were categorized based on primary treatment modality. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify demographic predictors of SBRT utilization in the non-operative population. RESULTS: A total of 113,312 @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. When compared to white @entity0 , black @entity0 were less likely to receive surgical intervention (66% vs. 58%, P<0.001) or SBRT (6.1% vs. 5.5%, P<0.001), and more likely to receive standard fractionated external beam radiation (EBRT) or no treatment. When confined to the non-operative cohort, multivariable logistic regression confirmed black race to be negatively associated with SBRT use compared to less aggressive therapy. CONCLUSION: In this national dataset, we confirmed prior observations that black @entity0 are less likely to receive surgery than white @entity0 , and also found that black @entity0 are less likely to receive SBRT. This suggests that even with emerging utilization of SBRT for inoperable candidates, black @entity0 continue to receive less aggressive therapy.

title: Racial disparities in the use of SBRT for treating XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the effect of @entity7 @entity9 ( @entity9 ) inclusion, and (2) dietary feed enzyme (FE; Econase XT) supplementation in a finishing diet containing @entity7 @entity9 on @entity3 profile of the pars costalis diaphragmatis muscle of beef @entity2 . A total of 160 crossbred yearling steers with initial BW of 495  38 kg were blocked by BW and randomized into 16 pens (10 head/pen). The pens were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments: (1) control (CON; 10% @entity6 silage and 90% @entity6 grain-based concentrate, @entity1 ( @entity1 ) basis); (2) diet containing 30% @entity7 @entity9 in place of @entity6 grain without FE (WDG); (3) WDG diet supplemented with low FE (WDGL; 1 ml FE/kg @entity1 ); and (4) WDG diet supplemented with high FE (2 ml FE/kg @entity1 ). The pars costalis diaphragmatis muscle samples were collected from @entity2 at slaughter at the end of the finishing period (120 days) with a targeted live weight of 650 kg. No differences in organic matter intake, final BW and average daily gain were observed among treatments. However, steers fed WDG had greater (P<0.01) feed conversion ratio than those fed CON, and increasing FE application in @entity7 @entity9 -based diets tended (P<0.10) to linearly decrease feed conversion ratio. In assessing the effects of including WDG diets without FE, concentration of total @entity4 ( @entity8 ) in muscle tended to be greater (P<0.10) for steers fed WDG than steers fed CON. In addition, inclusion of @entity7 @entity9 into the diet increased (P<0.05) concentration of CLA and @entity10 (VA) in muscle and also resulted in a higher (P<0.05) ratio of n-6/n-3 @entity8 compared with that from steers fed CON diet. Increasing FE application in @entity7 @entity9 -based diets did not modify the concentrations of individual or total @entity5 . These results suggest that inclusion of @entity7 @entity9 in finishing diets may improve @entity3 profile of beef muscle which could benefit @entity0 health.

title: Effect of @entity7 dried distillers grains and enzyme supplementation on growth rates, feed conversion ratio and beef XXXX profile in feedlot steers.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the effect of @entity7 @entity9 ( @entity9 ) inclusion, and (2) dietary feed enzyme (FE; Econase XT) supplementation in a finishing diet containing @entity7 @entity9 on @entity3 profile of the pars costalis diaphragmatis muscle of beef @entity2 . A total of 160 crossbred yearling steers with initial BW of 495  38 kg were blocked by BW and randomized into 16 pens (10 head/pen). The pens were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments: (1) control (CON; 10% @entity6 silage and 90% @entity6 grain-based concentrate, @entity1 ( @entity1 ) basis); (2) diet containing 30% @entity7 @entity9 in place of @entity6 grain without FE (WDG); (3) WDG diet supplemented with low FE (WDGL; 1 ml FE/kg @entity1 ); and (4) WDG diet supplemented with high FE (2 ml FE/kg @entity1 ). The pars costalis diaphragmatis muscle samples were collected from @entity2 at slaughter at the end of the finishing period (120 days) with a targeted live weight of 650 kg. No differences in organic matter intake, final BW and average daily gain were observed among treatments. However, steers fed WDG had greater (P<0.01) feed conversion ratio than those fed CON, and increasing FE application in @entity7 @entity9 -based diets tended (P<0.10) to linearly decrease feed conversion ratio. In assessing the effects of including WDG diets without FE, concentration of total @entity4 ( @entity8 ) in muscle tended to be greater (P<0.10) for steers fed WDG than steers fed CON. In addition, inclusion of @entity7 @entity9 into the diet increased (P<0.05) concentration of CLA and @entity10 (VA) in muscle and also resulted in a higher (P<0.05) ratio of n-6/n-3 @entity8 compared with that from steers fed CON diet. Increasing FE application in @entity7 @entity9 -based diets did not modify the concentrations of individual or total @entity5 . These results suggest that inclusion of @entity7 @entity9 in finishing diets may improve @entity3 profile of beef muscle which could benefit @entity0 health.

title: Effect of XXXX dried distillers grains and enzyme supplementation on growth rates, feed conversion ratio and beef @entity3 profile in feedlot steers.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that in a randomized comparison of laparoscopic (LC) versus small incision (SC) cholecystectomy, postoperative hospital stay is comparable. This randomized prospective study compares the @entity2 , analgesic and antiemetic consumption, perceived health, and metabolic and respiratory responses after these two procedures. METHODS: Two hundred @entity0 were recruited; postoperative stay, @entity1 scores, analgesic and antiemetic consumption were recorded. Nottingham Health Profile questionnaires were completed by a subgroup of 100 @entity0 , and the metabolic and respiratory responses were also compared in a further subgroup of 20 @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity1 scores in both groups were low. LC, however, was associated with lower @entity2 scores and analgesic requirements compared with SC, but the antiemetic requirements were greater after LC. The duration of hospital stay and the perceived health after operation were the same in both groups, and both procedures were associated with a similar reduction of respiratory function. Twenty-four hours after operation the inflammatory ( @entity5 , @entity5 ) response to LC (22 +/- 20 mg/L) was significantly lower than after SC (68 +/- 30 mg/L), but the neuroendocrine ( @entity3 ) response was similar (LC, 475 +/- 335 nmol/L, compared with SC, 710 +/- 410 nmol/L). Independent of the technique used, the duration of postoperative hospital stay correlated significantly with the magnitude of both the 24-hour postoperative @entity3 and @entity5 responses ( @entity3 : rs = 0.678, p < 0.001; @entity5 : rs = 0.566, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: LC appears to be associated with less tissue destruction and @entity1 than SC, but this did not confer any advantage in the degree of postoperative @entity4 , length of hospital stay, or postoperative perceived health. The neuroendocrine component of the metabolic response evoked by each procedure was similar and had a significant correlation to @entity0 's postoperative hospital stay. This finding may explain the similar postoperative recovery after LC and SC.

title: A randomized, prospective, blinded comparison of XXXX , metabolic response, and perceived health after laparoscopic and small incision cholecystectomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear what factors contribute to @entity2 after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction. Knee homeostasis after injury and surgery is crucial for rehabilitation and knee well-being. We examined if effusion was affected by post-operative bracing, and if @entity0 with effusion fit into a common profile. METHODS: @entity0 were randomized to wearing or not wearing a post-operative brace for three weeks after ACL reconstruction with semitendinosus-gracilis tendons. @entity2 was detected by computed tomography in 60 @entity0 (22 @entity0 ), before and three and 12months after surgery. Joint effusion, clinical and subjective tests were analyzed. RESULTS: This is the first prospective, randomized study on post-operative bracing for @entity0 with a semitendinosus-gracilis graft showed that bracing had no effect on three-months presence of joint effusion. @entity2 was present in 68% of the @entity0 three months after surgery and was associated to prior @entity1 (p=0.05) and higher prior Tegner activity level (p=0.006). We found a positive association between longer time from @entity1 three months post-operatively (rho=0.29, p<0.05). Twelve months post-operatively, joint effusion had diminished to baseline levels. Subjective scores and activity levels were lower for @entity0 . Three-months joint effusion predicted lower final outcome scores in @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Prior @entity1 and pre-injury Tegner activity levels are predictive significant variables for excessive @entity2 after ACL reconstruction. Post-operative bracing had no effect. A larger clinical cohort is needed to confirm findings of this logistic regression. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I.

title: Post-operative bracing after ACL reconstruction has no effect on XXXX . A prospective, randomized study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: For @entity2 , in situ suppression of repetitive DNA sequences has been well established. Such standard protocols usually require large amounts of Cot-I DNA. Recently, it has become possible to deplete repetitive DNA sequences from library probes by magnetic purification and PCR-assisted affinity chromatography. These "repeat-depleted library probes" appear to be extremely useful for Fast-FISH, a technique that omits denaturing chemical agents such as @entity3 in the hybridization buffer, resulting in a substantial acceleration and simplification of the complete protocol. Shown here is the application of Fast-FISH to a repeat-depleted, directly fluorochrome-labeled library probe of the q-arm of chromosome 15 (Fast-Painting) for @entity0 lymphocyte metaphase spreads. Following painting without Cot-I DNA and without @entity3 , visual inspection revealed sufficient @entity2 after a few hours of hybridization. The fluorescence signals of the labeling sites were analyzed after hybridization times of 1 and 2 h (in one case, 4 h) using digital fluorescence microscopy. The painting efficiency expressed in values of relative fluorescence signal ratios was quantitatively evaluated by image analysis using line-scan procedures and area-morphometry of mean luminance. Two preparation protocols ( @entity1 dehydration without and with @entity4 treatment followed by pepsin digestion for four different exposure times) were compared. These results indicated that @entity4 treatment and pepsin digestion are steps that can be omitted.

title: Fast-painting of XXXX metaphase spreads using a chromosome-specific, repeat-depleted DNA library probe.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity15 ( @entity14 ) is an even-numbered @entity13 (DA). @entity12 are water-soluble substances with a metabolic pathway intermediate to those of lipids and @entity9 . Previous studies showed that contrary to other DAs, very low amounts of @entity14 are lost with urine. The effects of 46.6 mmol of @entity14 intravenous infusion for 195 min on blood @entity2 levels were investigated in five @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ), with a good metabolic compensation, and in five healthy volunteers matched for gender, age, and body mass index. Blood samples were taken every 15 min for a period of 360 min to measure @entity2 , insulin, C-peptide, @entity11 bodies, and free @entity3 (FFA) levels, and 24-h urine samples were collected to measure @entity14 and @entity5 excretion. Plasma and urinary @entity14 concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Indirect calorimetry was continuously performed both basally and during the study period. The average 24-h urinary excretion of @entity14 was 6.5% versus 6.7% of the administered dose, respectively, in @entity7 @entity0 and in healthy controls. The area under the curve (AUC) values of plasma @entity14 were 279.9 +/- 42.7 mumol in @entity7 @entity0 and 219.7 +/- 14.0 mumol in controls (P = ns). Plasma @entity2 levels significantly decreased in @entity7 @entity0 during @entity14 infusion (from 7.8 +/- 0.6 to 5.4 +/- 0.8 mM at the end of the study period, P < 0.05). @entity4 plasma concentration decreased in @entity7 @entity0 from 3.5 +/- 0.2 to 1.5 +/- 0.1 mM (P < 0.001), whereas blood @entity8 increased at the end of the experimental session from 26.0 +/- 11.6 to 99.5 +/- 14.9 microM (P < 0.01). Free @entity6 decreased in @entity1 @entity0 from the beginning until the end of @entity14 infusion, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. No significant increase was found between basal and final values in @entity10 consumption and in the values of nonprotein respiratory quotient in both groups of subjects examined. The experimental data indicate that @entity14 infusion decreases plasma @entity2 levels in @entity7 @entity0 to normal range without influencing plasma insulin levels. The balance between @entity8 and @entity4 was affected by @entity14 infusion only in @entity1 @entity0 . @entity14 might represent a fuel substrate immediately available for tissue energy requirements, especially in conditions such as @entity1 in which @entity2 metabolism is impaired.

title: The metabolic effect of XXXX infusion in non-insulin-dependent @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity15


abstract: @entity15 ( @entity14 ) is an even-numbered @entity13 (DA). @entity12 are water-soluble substances with a metabolic pathway intermediate to those of lipids and @entity9 . Previous studies showed that contrary to other DAs, very low amounts of @entity14 are lost with urine. The effects of 46.6 mmol of @entity14 intravenous infusion for 195 min on blood @entity2 levels were investigated in five @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ), with a good metabolic compensation, and in five healthy volunteers matched for gender, age, and body mass index. Blood samples were taken every 15 min for a period of 360 min to measure @entity2 , insulin, C-peptide, @entity11 bodies, and free @entity3 (FFA) levels, and 24-h urine samples were collected to measure @entity14 and @entity5 excretion. Plasma and urinary @entity14 concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Indirect calorimetry was continuously performed both basally and during the study period. The average 24-h urinary excretion of @entity14 was 6.5% versus 6.7% of the administered dose, respectively, in @entity7 @entity0 and in healthy controls. The area under the curve (AUC) values of plasma @entity14 were 279.9 +/- 42.7 mumol in @entity7 @entity0 and 219.7 +/- 14.0 mumol in controls (P = ns). Plasma @entity2 levels significantly decreased in @entity7 @entity0 during @entity14 infusion (from 7.8 +/- 0.6 to 5.4 +/- 0.8 mM at the end of the study period, P < 0.05). @entity4 plasma concentration decreased in @entity7 @entity0 from 3.5 +/- 0.2 to 1.5 +/- 0.1 mM (P < 0.001), whereas blood @entity8 increased at the end of the experimental session from 26.0 +/- 11.6 to 99.5 +/- 14.9 microM (P < 0.01). Free @entity6 decreased in @entity1 @entity0 from the beginning until the end of @entity14 infusion, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. No significant increase was found between basal and final values in @entity10 consumption and in the values of nonprotein respiratory quotient in both groups of subjects examined. The experimental data indicate that @entity14 infusion decreases plasma @entity2 levels in @entity7 @entity0 to normal range without influencing plasma insulin levels. The balance between @entity8 and @entity4 was affected by @entity14 infusion only in @entity1 @entity0 . @entity14 might represent a fuel substrate immediately available for tissue energy requirements, especially in conditions such as @entity1 in which @entity2 metabolism is impaired.

title: The metabolic effect of @entity15 infusion in non-insulin-dependent XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity15 ( @entity14 ) is an even-numbered @entity13 (DA). @entity12 are water-soluble substances with a metabolic pathway intermediate to those of lipids and @entity9 . Previous studies showed that contrary to other DAs, very low amounts of @entity14 are lost with urine. The effects of 46.6 mmol of @entity14 intravenous infusion for 195 min on blood @entity2 levels were investigated in five @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ), with a good metabolic compensation, and in five healthy volunteers matched for gender, age, and body mass index. Blood samples were taken every 15 min for a period of 360 min to measure @entity2 , insulin, C-peptide, @entity11 bodies, and free @entity3 (FFA) levels, and 24-h urine samples were collected to measure @entity14 and @entity5 excretion. Plasma and urinary @entity14 concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Indirect calorimetry was continuously performed both basally and during the study period. The average 24-h urinary excretion of @entity14 was 6.5% versus 6.7% of the administered dose, respectively, in @entity7 @entity0 and in healthy controls. The area under the curve (AUC) values of plasma @entity14 were 279.9 +/- 42.7 mumol in @entity7 @entity0 and 219.7 +/- 14.0 mumol in controls (P = ns). Plasma @entity2 levels significantly decreased in @entity7 @entity0 during @entity14 infusion (from 7.8 +/- 0.6 to 5.4 +/- 0.8 mM at the end of the study period, P < 0.05). @entity4 plasma concentration decreased in @entity7 @entity0 from 3.5 +/- 0.2 to 1.5 +/- 0.1 mM (P < 0.001), whereas blood @entity8 increased at the end of the experimental session from 26.0 +/- 11.6 to 99.5 +/- 14.9 microM (P < 0.01). Free @entity6 decreased in @entity1 @entity0 from the beginning until the end of @entity14 infusion, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. No significant increase was found between basal and final values in @entity10 consumption and in the values of nonprotein respiratory quotient in both groups of subjects examined. The experimental data indicate that @entity14 infusion decreases plasma @entity2 levels in @entity7 @entity0 to normal range without influencing plasma insulin levels. The balance between @entity8 and @entity4 was affected by @entity14 infusion only in @entity1 @entity0 . @entity14 might represent a fuel substrate immediately available for tissue energy requirements, especially in conditions such as @entity1 in which @entity2 metabolism is impaired.

title: The metabolic effect of @entity15 infusion in non-insulin-dependent @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity2 / @entity4 protein phosphatases 1 ( @entity6 ) and 2A ( @entity5 ) are key enzymes in regulating entry into the cell cycle, mitosis and apoptosis. Inhibition of @entity6 and @entity5 is associated with enhanced S-phase entry culminating in G(2)/M arrest and apoptotic cell death. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a key regulatory enzyme in DNA synthesis, inhibition of which is often a first-line treatment for @entity0 . In this study the effect of combining PP inhibition with @entity3 inhibition in two colorectal cell lines was examined. METHODS: @entity7 and nolatrexed were used to inhibit PP and @entity3 activity, respectively. The @entity1 cytotoxicity assay and cell cycle analysis were performed following single-drug treatment of HT29 and HCT116 colorectal cell lines. The median effect method was used to determine a combination index (CI), where drug antagonism was indicated by a CI>1.1, additivity by a CI between 0.9 and 1.1, and synergism by a CI<0.9. RESULTS: Both cell lines were equally sensitive to @entity7 alone (GI(50) values 5.4 and 7.3 micro M), which induced a significant increase in the S-phase population of both cell lines within 6 h with a concomitant increase in DNA synthesis. This response culminated in G(2)/M cell cycle arrest within 24 h and subsequent cell death. In response to nolatrexed alone, HT29 cells were more sensitive than HCT116 cells (GI(50) 1.9 micro M vs 9.8 micro M), with G(1)/S-phase cell cycle arrest occurring within 24 h in both cell lines. In HT29 cells, this was followed by cell death, whereas in HCT116 cells, a proportion of cells died following arrest but the predominant event was re-entry into the cell cycle. The simultaneous exposure of HT29 cells to the combination of nolatrexed and @entity7 in drug molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:2.5 for 72 h was synergistic producing composite CIs of 0.88 and 0.87, respectively. The sequence of nolatrexed followed by @entity7 24 h later resulted in greater synergism (CI values of 0.75, 0.52, 0.55, 0.68 for molar ratios of 10:1, 1:1, 1:2.5, 1:10), whereas the reverse sequence was antagonistic, suggesting that the point of interaction is downstream of @entity3 inhibition. In HCT116 cells only additive and antagonistic interactions were observed for any of the treatment combinations. The lack of synergism in these cells may be caused by the reduced sensitivity of these cells to nolatrexed as a single agent. CONCLUSION: The effect of @entity3 inhibition can be enhanced by the inhibition of @entity2 / @entity4 protein phosphatases.

title: @entity2 / XXXX protein phosphatase inhibition enhances the effect of thymidylate synthase inhibition.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity2 / @entity4 protein phosphatases 1 ( @entity6 ) and 2A ( @entity5 ) are key enzymes in regulating entry into the cell cycle, mitosis and apoptosis. Inhibition of @entity6 and @entity5 is associated with enhanced S-phase entry culminating in G(2)/M arrest and apoptotic cell death. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a key regulatory enzyme in DNA synthesis, inhibition of which is often a first-line treatment for @entity0 . In this study the effect of combining PP inhibition with @entity3 inhibition in two colorectal cell lines was examined. METHODS: @entity7 and nolatrexed were used to inhibit PP and @entity3 activity, respectively. The @entity1 cytotoxicity assay and cell cycle analysis were performed following single-drug treatment of HT29 and HCT116 colorectal cell lines. The median effect method was used to determine a combination index (CI), where drug antagonism was indicated by a CI>1.1, additivity by a CI between 0.9 and 1.1, and synergism by a CI<0.9. RESULTS: Both cell lines were equally sensitive to @entity7 alone (GI(50) values 5.4 and 7.3 micro M), which induced a significant increase in the S-phase population of both cell lines within 6 h with a concomitant increase in DNA synthesis. This response culminated in G(2)/M cell cycle arrest within 24 h and subsequent cell death. In response to nolatrexed alone, HT29 cells were more sensitive than HCT116 cells (GI(50) 1.9 micro M vs 9.8 micro M), with G(1)/S-phase cell cycle arrest occurring within 24 h in both cell lines. In HT29 cells, this was followed by cell death, whereas in HCT116 cells, a proportion of cells died following arrest but the predominant event was re-entry into the cell cycle. The simultaneous exposure of HT29 cells to the combination of nolatrexed and @entity7 in drug molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:2.5 for 72 h was synergistic producing composite CIs of 0.88 and 0.87, respectively. The sequence of nolatrexed followed by @entity7 24 h later resulted in greater synergism (CI values of 0.75, 0.52, 0.55, 0.68 for molar ratios of 10:1, 1:1, 1:2.5, 1:10), whereas the reverse sequence was antagonistic, suggesting that the point of interaction is downstream of @entity3 inhibition. In HCT116 cells only additive and antagonistic interactions were observed for any of the treatment combinations. The lack of synergism in these cells may be caused by the reduced sensitivity of these cells to nolatrexed as a single agent. CONCLUSION: The effect of @entity3 inhibition can be enhanced by the inhibition of @entity2 / @entity4 protein phosphatases.

title: XXXX / @entity4 protein phosphatase inhibition enhances the effect of thymidylate synthase inhibition.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: A postprandial fall in BP occurs frequently in older individuals and in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . The magnitude of this decrease in BP is related to the rate of gastric emptying (GE). Intravenous administration of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) attenuates the @entity4 response to intraduodenal @entity3 in healthy older individuals. We sought to determine the effects of exogenous @entity7 on BP, GE, @entity10 ( @entity10 ) flow and glycaemic response to oral ingestion of @entity3 in healthy older individuals and @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . METHODS: Fourteen older volunteers (six @entity0 , eight @entity0 ; age 72.1        1.1  years) and ten @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 (six @entity0 , four @entity0 ; age 68.7        3.4  years; HbA1c 6.6        0.2% [48.5        2.0  mmol/mol]; nine with blood @entity3 managed with @entity5 , two with a @entity9 and one with a @entity8 inhibitor) received an i.v. infusion of @entity7 (0.9  pmol  kg(-1)  min(-1)) or saline (154  mmol/l @entity6 ) for 150  min (t   =   -30  min to t   =   120  min) in randomised order. At t   =   0  min, volunteers consumed a radiolabelled 75  g @entity3 drink. BP was assessed with an automated device, GE by scintigraphy and @entity10 flow by ultrasonography. Blood @entity3 and serum insulin were measured. RESULTS: @entity7 attenuated the fall in diastolic BP after the @entity3 drink in older individuals (p   <   0.05) and attenuated the fall in systolic and diastolic BP in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 (p   <   0.05). GE was faster in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 than in healthy individuals (p   <   0.05). In both groups, individuals had slower GE (p   <   0.001), decreased @entity10 flow (p   <   0.05) and a lower degree of glycaemia (p   <   0.001) when receiving @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Intravenous @entity7 attenuates the @entity4 response to orally administered @entity3 and decreases @entity10 flow, probably by slowing GE. @entity7 and 'short-acting' @entity7 agonists may be useful in the management of postprandial @entity4 .

title: Effects of exogenous XXXX on blood pressure, heart rate, gastric emptying, mesenteric blood flow and glycaemic responses to oral @entity3 in older individuals with normal @entity3 tolerance or @entity2 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity7