abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study tested the new @entity3 severity criterion for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) based on frequency of @entity5 in a clinical sample. This study also tested overvaluation of shape/weight as an alternative severity specifier. METHOD: @entity0 were 834 treatment-seeking adults diagnosed with @entity3 @entity4 using semi-structured diagnostic and @entity2 interviews. @entity0 sub-grouped based on @entity3 severity levels and on overvaluation of shape/weight were compared on demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: Based on @entity3 severity definitions, 331 (39.7%) @entity0 were categorized as mild, 395 (47.5%) as moderate, 83 (10.0%) as severe, and 25 (3.0%) as extreme. Analyses comparing three (mild, moderate, and severe/extreme) severity groups revealed no significant differences in demographic variables or body mass index (BMI). Analyses revealed significantly higher @entity2 psychopathology in the severe/extreme than moderate and mild groups and higher @entity1 in moderate and severe/extreme groups than the mild group; effect sizes were small. @entity0 characterized with overvaluation (N  =  449; 54%) versus without overvaluation (N  =  384; 46%) did not differ significantly in age, sex, BMI, or @entity5 frequency, but had significantly greater @entity2 psychopathology and @entity1 . The robustly greater @entity2 psychopathology and @entity1 levels (medium-to-large effect sizes) in the overvaluation group was observed without attenuation of effect sizes after adjusting for ethnicity/race and @entity5 severity/frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide support for overvaluation of shape/weight as a severity specifier for @entity4 as it provides stronger information about the severity of homogeneous groupings of @entity0 than the @entity3 rating based on @entity5 .

title: Evaluation of the XXXX severity indicator for @entity4 in a clinical sample.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous qualitative research has revealed that @entity0 with @entity4 use daytime napping as a coping strategy for managing symptoms against clinical advice. Yet there is no evidence to suggest whether daytime napping is beneficial or detrimental for @entity0 with @entity4 . The purpose of this study was to explore how @entity0 use daytime naps and to determine the links between daytime napping and symptom severity in @entity4 . METHODS: A community based sample of 1044 adults who had been diagnosed with @entity4 by a clinician completed an online questionnaire. Associations between napping behavior, sleep quality and @entity4 symptoms were explored using Spearman correlations, with possible predictors of napping behaviour entered into a logistic regression model. Differences between @entity0 who napped on a daily basis and those who napped less regularly, as well as nap duration were explored. RESULTS: Daytime napping was significantly associated with @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity1 . Sleep problems and fatigue explained the greatest amount of variance in napping behaviour, p   <   0.010. Those who engaged in daytime naps for >30  minutes had higher memory difficulties (t   =   -3.45) and levels of @entity5 (t   =   -2.50) than those who napped for shorter periods (<30mins) (p   <   0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Frequent use and longer duration of daytime napping was linked with greater symptom severity in @entity0 with @entity4 . Given the common use of daytime napping in @entity0 with @entity4 evidence based guidelines on the use of daytime napping in @entity0 with @entity6 are urgently needed.

title: Daytime napping associated with increased symptom severity in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Data sourcesCochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, US National Institutes of Health Trials Register and World Health Organisation (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.Study selectionParallel randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of any type of slow-release @entity1 device irrespective of publication status, language or blinding were considered. Split mouth studies were excluded.Data extraction and synthesisStandard Cochrane methods were followed with at least two reviewers independently undertaking all the key steps.ResultsOnly one trial which was considered to be at high risk of bias was included. The trial included 174 @entity0 with 132 available for two year examination. However statistical analysis was performed on only the 63 @entity0 (31 in intervention group, 32 in control group) who had retained the beads (retention rate was 47.7% at two years). Among these 63 @entity0 , caries increment was reported to be statistically significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (DMFT: mean difference -0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.23 to -0.21; DMFS: mean difference -1.52, 95% CI -2.68 to -0.36 (very low quality evidence)). Although this difference was clinically significant, it only holds true for those @entity0 who retained the @entity1 beads; over 50% of the @entity0 did not retain the beads. Adverse effects were not reported.ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to determine the caries-inhibiting effect of slow-release @entity1 glass beads. The body of evidence available is of very low quality and there is a potential overestimation of benefit to the average @entity0 . The applicability of the findings to the wider population is unclear; the study had included @entity0 from a deprived area that had low levels of @entity1 in drinking water, and were considered at high risk of carries. In addition, the evidence was only obtained from @entity0 who still had the bead attached at two years (48% of all available @entity0 ); @entity0 who had lost their slow-release @entity1 devices earlier might not have benefited as much from the devices.

title: Insufficient evidence that slow-release XXXX devices reduce caries.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure the corneal temperature in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and to correlate the values with subjective discomfort symptoms. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity0 with @entity2 (scored as DEWS severity grade 2 to 3) and 15 age-matched normal control subjects were enrolled. Subjective symptoms of discomfort were scored with an Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, and a 100-mm horizontal visual analog scale (VAS) technique was used to measure symptom intensity. Schirmer I test, tear film breakup time (TFBUT), and Oxford grade scoring were performed in all subjects. Dynamic infrared noncontact thermal imaging (Tomey TG 1000) was used to measure the central corneal temperature (CCT). After training, subjects were asked to maintain their eyes forcedly open and to signal the discomfort onset time (DOT). The temperature was measured at eye opening (T0) and every second during 10 seconds of sustained eye opening (T10). The first discomfort sensation onset time (DOT) was also recorded. Temperature values were correlated with the clinical tests, Ocular Surface Disease Index, VAS, and DOT, and data were statistically evaluated (significance P < 0.05). RESULTS: The corneal temperature immediately after eye opening was significantly lower in @entity0 with @entity2 than in controls, in correlation to the subject age, VAS, and TFBUT. A 3-phase cooling profile in @entity0 with @entity2 and a point of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in both groups were identified. DOT occurred earlier in @entity0 with @entity2 than in controls (5.9 vs. 15.9 seconds) and was strongly correlated to the VAS, TFBUT, and CCT- @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Subjective sensation of discomfort occurred earlier in @entity0 with @entity2 than in controls, in correlation to low corneal temperatures and enhanced tear evaporation.

title: Subjective Discomfort Symptoms Are Related to Low Corneal Temperature in XXXX With Evaporative Dry Eye.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The emergence and spread of drug resistant Salmonellae of both @entity0 and animal origins are global concerns and worrisome in countries where the risk of @entity1 is high and treatment options are limited. The objective of this study was to estimate the proportions of animal isolates resistant to antimicrobials used against @entity0 @entity6 in Ethiopia. METHODS: Published studies on the antimicrobial resistance features of Salmonellae isolated from food animals of Ethiopia were searched in Medline, Google Scholar and the lists of references of articles. Eligible studies were selected by using inclusion and exclusion criteria and data were extracted. The extracted data included the host species, the numbers of isolates and the numbers of ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin resistant isolates. The risks of bias were assessed and the percentages of the variations of the estimates attributable to heterogeneities were quantified. Pooled proportions were estimated by the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. RESULTS: Five hundred and fifty four Salmonellae isolated from @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity5 were tested with a variety of antimicrobials. The percentages of the variations attributable to heterogeneities were low for chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone (I(2) = 0) and high for ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin resistance estimates (I(2) > 75%). The pooled estimate of ampicillin resistant isolates was higher in slaughtered ruminants (17.28%) than in @entity5 (3.95%), (p < 0.001). The pooled estimates of co-trimoxazole resistant isolates in true ruminants (4.35%) and @entity5 (1.12%) were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The overall pooled estimates of chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone resistant isolates were 2.24% and 1.25%, respectively. Seven serotypes have been reported to be resistant to antimicrobials uncommonly used in veterinary clinical practice in Ethiopia. CONCLUSIONS: Among Salmonellae of farm animals, there exist strains that are resistant to drugs used in the therapeutic management of @entity0 @entity6 in Ethiopia. Intervention measures should be taken to ensure the prudent use of antimicrobials and curb the spread of high risk strains across the country.

title: A meta-analysis of the proportion of animal Salmonella isolates resistant to drugs used against @entity0 XXXX in Ethiopia.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The emergence and spread of drug resistant Salmonellae of both @entity0 and animal origins are global concerns and worrisome in countries where the risk of @entity1 is high and treatment options are limited. The objective of this study was to estimate the proportions of animal isolates resistant to antimicrobials used against @entity0 @entity6 in Ethiopia. METHODS: Published studies on the antimicrobial resistance features of Salmonellae isolated from food animals of Ethiopia were searched in Medline, Google Scholar and the lists of references of articles. Eligible studies were selected by using inclusion and exclusion criteria and data were extracted. The extracted data included the host species, the numbers of isolates and the numbers of ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin resistant isolates. The risks of bias were assessed and the percentages of the variations of the estimates attributable to heterogeneities were quantified. Pooled proportions were estimated by the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. RESULTS: Five hundred and fifty four Salmonellae isolated from @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity5 were tested with a variety of antimicrobials. The percentages of the variations attributable to heterogeneities were low for chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone (I(2) = 0) and high for ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin resistance estimates (I(2) > 75%). The pooled estimate of ampicillin resistant isolates was higher in slaughtered ruminants (17.28%) than in @entity5 (3.95%), (p < 0.001). The pooled estimates of co-trimoxazole resistant isolates in true ruminants (4.35%) and @entity5 (1.12%) were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The overall pooled estimates of chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone resistant isolates were 2.24% and 1.25%, respectively. Seven serotypes have been reported to be resistant to antimicrobials uncommonly used in veterinary clinical practice in Ethiopia. CONCLUSIONS: Among Salmonellae of farm animals, there exist strains that are resistant to drugs used in the therapeutic management of @entity0 @entity6 in Ethiopia. Intervention measures should be taken to ensure the prudent use of antimicrobials and curb the spread of high risk strains across the country.

title: A meta-analysis of the proportion of animal Salmonella isolates resistant to drugs used against XXXX @entity6 in Ethiopia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 is a complex @entity1 , most frequently affecting @entity0 of childbearing age. @entity0 with @entity2 are at increased risk of pregnancy complications that are exacerbated by active disease. Despite this, their use of medications and hospital resources has not been extensively studied. METHODS: Retrospective analyses of the Truven Health MarketScan database (2006-2012) aimed to quantify drug and resource utilization in pregnant @entity0 with @entity2 , as well as the incidence of pregnancy complications in these @entity0 . Records of @entity0 aged 12-54 were reviewed and both @entity2 @entity0 and pregnancies identified. Pregnant @entity0 with @entity2 were matched 1:5 with either pregnant @entity0 without @entity2 , or non-pregnant @entity0 with @entity2 . RESULTS: Pregnancies with @entity2 were associated with increased complications when compared to pregnancies without @entity2 . During pregnancy, the use of immunosuppressants decreased in pregnant @entity0 with @entity2 , as did rheumatologist visits, while the number of @entity0 not treated with any immunosuppressant increased. Pregnant @entity0 with @entity2 showed higher overall treatment costs than controls. However, compared to non-pregnant @entity0 with @entity2 , medication costs actually dropped, possibly due to the withdrawal of medications from these @entity0 or @entity0 becoming pregnant while disease activity was low. CONCLUSIONS: The large database analyses reported here revealed that pregnancies in @entity0 with @entity2 were associated with a higher risk of complications, higher healthcare costs, and fewer prescribed medications, including immunosuppressants, than the control groups. The increased risk of complications and decreased immunosuppressant use suggest that @entity0 require additional guidance from physicians to give them the best chance of experiencing a safe pregnancy. Indeed, despite the recognized role active @entity2 plays in increasing pregnancy complications, @entity0 with @entity2 had fewer rheumatology visits during pregnancy, although their visits to their general practitioner/primary healthcare provider increased, highlighting the need for team-based co-ordination care between OBGYN physicians and rheumatologists.

title: Healthcare costs of pregnancy in XXXX : retrospective observational analysis from a US health claims database.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Donation after @entity3 (DCD) organs could alleviate the shortage of donor lungs. This study aimed to assess the influence on lung injuries of the way in which @entity4 was induced and to investigate the mechanisms leading to any differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male @entity1 were allocated into three groups as follows: sham (no warm @entity2 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity5 group. @entity4 was induced by either @entity6 by way of a fibrillator or @entity5 caused by withdrawal of ventilation, which reflected uncontrolled and controlled DCD situations, respectively. The impact on lung flushing after 60  min of warm @entity2 time was evaluated (n  =  5, in each group). The physiological functions of the lungs in an isolated lung perfusion circuit were also evaluated with warm @entity2 time prolonged to 150  min (n  =  8, in each group). Messenger RNA expression levels of surfactant proteins (SPs) and inflammatory cytokines, pathologic findings, and high-energy phosphates of the lung tissues were investigated. RESULTS: In the @entity5 group, flushing and physiological functions in the isolated lung perfusion circuit were the most severely affected. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and pathologic findings revealed depletion of @entity7 in lung tissues of the @entity5 group after reperfusion. The @entity6 group was characteristic with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Lung injuries were mainly attributed to alveolar wall damage and depletion of SP in the @entity5 group, and perivascular area prominent @entity0 in the @entity6 group. DCD donor lungs were affected differently by the way in which @entity4 was induced.

title: Impact of the @entity4 mode on XXXX donor lungs.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Donation after @entity3 (DCD) organs could alleviate the shortage of donor lungs. This study aimed to assess the influence on lung injuries of the way in which @entity4 was induced and to investigate the mechanisms leading to any differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male @entity1 were allocated into three groups as follows: sham (no warm @entity2 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity5 group. @entity4 was induced by either @entity6 by way of a fibrillator or @entity5 caused by withdrawal of ventilation, which reflected uncontrolled and controlled DCD situations, respectively. The impact on lung flushing after 60  min of warm @entity2 time was evaluated (n  =  5, in each group). The physiological functions of the lungs in an isolated lung perfusion circuit were also evaluated with warm @entity2 time prolonged to 150  min (n  =  8, in each group). Messenger RNA expression levels of surfactant proteins (SPs) and inflammatory cytokines, pathologic findings, and high-energy phosphates of the lung tissues were investigated. RESULTS: In the @entity5 group, flushing and physiological functions in the isolated lung perfusion circuit were the most severely affected. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and pathologic findings revealed depletion of @entity7 in lung tissues of the @entity5 group after reperfusion. The @entity6 group was characteristic with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Lung injuries were mainly attributed to alveolar wall damage and depletion of SP in the @entity5 group, and perivascular area prominent @entity0 in the @entity6 group. DCD donor lungs were affected differently by the way in which @entity4 was induced.

title: Impact of the XXXX mode on @entity3 donor lungs.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota likely plays an important role in the development of gut-derived infections, making it a potential therapeutic target against @entity4 . However, experience with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in the treatment of @entity4 and knowledge of the underlying mechanisms are extremely lacking. In this article, we describe a case of a @entity0 who developed @entity4 after a vagotomy and later received an infusion of donor feces microbiota, and we report our findings. METHODS: A 44-year-old @entity0 developed @entity5 and severe watery @entity3 4 days after undergoing a vagotomy. Antibiotics, probiotics and supportive treatment strategies were used for about 30 day after surgery, but the @entity0 's fever, @entity6 and watery @entity3 persisted. Considering the possibility of @entity7 , we evaluated the structure and composition of the @entity0 's fecal microbiota using 16S rDNA-based molecular techniques. As expected, the gut microbiota was extensively disrupted; therefore, a donor fecal suspension was delivered into the @entity0 by nasoduodenal tube. The @entity0 's clinical outcomes and shifts of the gut microbiota following the treatment were also determined. RESULTS: Dramatically, the @entity0 's septic symptoms and severe @entity3 were successfully controlled following @entity1 . Her stool output markedly declined after 7 days and normalized 16 days after @entity1 . A significant modification in her microbiota composition was consistently seen, characterized by a profound enrichment of the commensals in Firmicutes and depletion of opportunistic organisms in Proteobacteria. Furthermore, we identified a reconstituted bacterial community enriched in Firmicutes and depleted of Proteobacteria members that was associated with fecal output, plasma markers of @entity2 and T helper cells. CONCLUSIONS: In this report, we describe our initial experience with @entity1 , in which we successfully used it in the treatment of a @entity0 with @entity4 and severe @entity3 after a vagotomy. Our data indicate an association between repaired intestinal microbiota barrier and improvement of clinical outcomes. Our @entity0 's surprising clinical benefits from @entity1 demonstrate the role of intestinal microbiota in modulating immune equilibrium. It represents a breakthrough in the clinical management of @entity4 and suggests new therapeutic avenues to pursue for microbiota-related indications.

title: Successful treatment of severe @entity4 and @entity3 after vagotomy utilizing XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota likely plays an important role in the development of gut-derived infections, making it a potential therapeutic target against @entity4 . However, experience with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in the treatment of @entity4 and knowledge of the underlying mechanisms are extremely lacking. In this article, we describe a case of a @entity0 who developed @entity4 after a vagotomy and later received an infusion of donor feces microbiota, and we report our findings. METHODS: A 44-year-old @entity0 developed @entity5 and severe watery @entity3 4 days after undergoing a vagotomy. Antibiotics, probiotics and supportive treatment strategies were used for about 30 day after surgery, but the @entity0 's fever, @entity6 and watery @entity3 persisted. Considering the possibility of @entity7 , we evaluated the structure and composition of the @entity0 's fecal microbiota using 16S rDNA-based molecular techniques. As expected, the gut microbiota was extensively disrupted; therefore, a donor fecal suspension was delivered into the @entity0 by nasoduodenal tube. The @entity0 's clinical outcomes and shifts of the gut microbiota following the treatment were also determined. RESULTS: Dramatically, the @entity0 's septic symptoms and severe @entity3 were successfully controlled following @entity1 . Her stool output markedly declined after 7 days and normalized 16 days after @entity1 . A significant modification in her microbiota composition was consistently seen, characterized by a profound enrichment of the commensals in Firmicutes and depletion of opportunistic organisms in Proteobacteria. Furthermore, we identified a reconstituted bacterial community enriched in Firmicutes and depleted of Proteobacteria members that was associated with fecal output, plasma markers of @entity2 and T helper cells. CONCLUSIONS: In this report, we describe our initial experience with @entity1 , in which we successfully used it in the treatment of a @entity0 with @entity4 and severe @entity3 after a vagotomy. Our data indicate an association between repaired intestinal microbiota barrier and improvement of clinical outcomes. Our @entity0 's surprising clinical benefits from @entity1 demonstrate the role of intestinal microbiota in modulating immune equilibrium. It represents a breakthrough in the clinical management of @entity4 and suggests new therapeutic avenues to pursue for microbiota-related indications.

title: Successful treatment of severe XXXX and @entity3 after vagotomy utilizing @entity1 : a case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota likely plays an important role in the development of gut-derived infections, making it a potential therapeutic target against @entity4 . However, experience with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in the treatment of @entity4 and knowledge of the underlying mechanisms are extremely lacking. In this article, we describe a case of a @entity0 who developed @entity4 after a vagotomy and later received an infusion of donor feces microbiota, and we report our findings. METHODS: A 44-year-old @entity0 developed @entity5 and severe watery @entity3 4 days after undergoing a vagotomy. Antibiotics, probiotics and supportive treatment strategies were used for about 30 day after surgery, but the @entity0 's fever, @entity6 and watery @entity3 persisted. Considering the possibility of @entity7 , we evaluated the structure and composition of the @entity0 's fecal microbiota using 16S rDNA-based molecular techniques. As expected, the gut microbiota was extensively disrupted; therefore, a donor fecal suspension was delivered into the @entity0 by nasoduodenal tube. The @entity0 's clinical outcomes and shifts of the gut microbiota following the treatment were also determined. RESULTS: Dramatically, the @entity0 's septic symptoms and severe @entity3 were successfully controlled following @entity1 . Her stool output markedly declined after 7 days and normalized 16 days after @entity1 . A significant modification in her microbiota composition was consistently seen, characterized by a profound enrichment of the commensals in Firmicutes and depletion of opportunistic organisms in Proteobacteria. Furthermore, we identified a reconstituted bacterial community enriched in Firmicutes and depleted of Proteobacteria members that was associated with fecal output, plasma markers of @entity2 and T helper cells. CONCLUSIONS: In this report, we describe our initial experience with @entity1 , in which we successfully used it in the treatment of a @entity0 with @entity4 and severe @entity3 after a vagotomy. Our data indicate an association between repaired intestinal microbiota barrier and improvement of clinical outcomes. Our @entity0 's surprising clinical benefits from @entity1 demonstrate the role of intestinal microbiota in modulating immune equilibrium. It represents a breakthrough in the clinical management of @entity4 and suggests new therapeutic avenues to pursue for microbiota-related indications.

title: Successful treatment of severe @entity4 and XXXX after vagotomy utilizing @entity1 : a case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We previously showed in animals that the ratio of inspired tidal volume (Vtinsp) to inspiratory peak electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdipk) can be used to quantify the respective @entity0 and ventilator breath contributions (PVBCs) during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA). The PVBC index has not been tested clinically. METHODS: We studied 12 intubated and mechanically ventilated @entity0 with @entity1 and measured EAdipk, airway (Paw) and inspiratory esophageal pressure (Pes) and Vtinsp. We applied 11 different NAVA levels, increasing them every 3  minutes in steps of 0.3  cm H2O/ V from 0 to 3.0 cmH2O/ V. At each NAVA level, one breath was non-assisted (NAVA level 0). PVBC indices were calculated by relating Vtinsp/EAdipk of the non-assisted breath to Vtinsp/EAdipk of the assisted breath(s) using one ((N1)PVBC) or the mean value of five preceding assisted breaths ((X5)PVBC). During assisted breaths, inspiratory changes in Pes (   Pes) and transpulmonary (  @entity2 ) pressures were used to calculate the relative contribution of @entity0 to total inspiratory lung-distending pressures (  Pes/  @entity2 ). Matching of respiratory drive indices and squaring of the PVBC was evaluated for their effect on the correlation between PVBC and   Pes/  @entity2 . Linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were applied to compare indices. RESULTS: Using an average of five assisted breaths prior to the non-assisted breath and squaring the PVBC ((X5)PVBC(2)) improved determination coefficients (P <0.05), adjusted the regression slope and intercept between PVBC and   Pes/  @entity2 toward identity (P <0.05) and reduced bias (P <0.05). Matching EAdipk between non-assisted and assisted breaths within the range of 0.77 to 1.30 improved the relationship between (X5)PVBC(2) and   Pes/  @entity2 (P <0.05) and abolished the need for EAdi normalization in the PVBC calculation (R (2)   =   0.96; bias   =   0.16        0.06; precision   =   0.33        0.08 (mean and 95% confidence interval)). CONCLUSIONS: This clinical study confirms previous experimental results showing that the PVBC(2) predicts the contribution of the inspiratory muscles versus that of the ventilator during NAVA, when differences in effort (EAdi) between non-assisted and assisted breaths are limited. PVBC could help to quantify and standardize the adjustment of the level of assist, and hence reduce the risks of excessive ventilatory assist in @entity0 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01663480 . Registered 9 August 2012.

title: Assessment of @entity0 -ventilator breath contribution during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We previously showed in animals that the ratio of inspired tidal volume (Vtinsp) to inspiratory peak electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdipk) can be used to quantify the respective @entity0 and ventilator breath contributions (PVBCs) during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA). The PVBC index has not been tested clinically. METHODS: We studied 12 intubated and mechanically ventilated @entity0 with @entity1 and measured EAdipk, airway (Paw) and inspiratory esophageal pressure (Pes) and Vtinsp. We applied 11 different NAVA levels, increasing them every 3  minutes in steps of 0.3  cm H2O/ V from 0 to 3.0 cmH2O/ V. At each NAVA level, one breath was non-assisted (NAVA level 0). PVBC indices were calculated by relating Vtinsp/EAdipk of the non-assisted breath to Vtinsp/EAdipk of the assisted breath(s) using one ((N1)PVBC) or the mean value of five preceding assisted breaths ((X5)PVBC). During assisted breaths, inspiratory changes in Pes (   Pes) and transpulmonary (  @entity2 ) pressures were used to calculate the relative contribution of @entity0 to total inspiratory lung-distending pressures (  Pes/  @entity2 ). Matching of respiratory drive indices and squaring of the PVBC was evaluated for their effect on the correlation between PVBC and   Pes/  @entity2 . Linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were applied to compare indices. RESULTS: Using an average of five assisted breaths prior to the non-assisted breath and squaring the PVBC ((X5)PVBC(2)) improved determination coefficients (P <0.05), adjusted the regression slope and intercept between PVBC and   Pes/  @entity2 toward identity (P <0.05) and reduced bias (P <0.05). Matching EAdipk between non-assisted and assisted breaths within the range of 0.77 to 1.30 improved the relationship between (X5)PVBC(2) and   Pes/  @entity2 (P <0.05) and abolished the need for EAdi normalization in the PVBC calculation (R (2)   =   0.96; bias   =   0.16        0.06; precision   =   0.33        0.08 (mean and 95% confidence interval)). CONCLUSIONS: This clinical study confirms previous experimental results showing that the PVBC(2) predicts the contribution of the inspiratory muscles versus that of the ventilator during NAVA, when differences in effort (EAdi) between non-assisted and assisted breaths are limited. PVBC could help to quantify and standardize the adjustment of the level of assist, and hence reduce the risks of excessive ventilatory assist in @entity0 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01663480 . Registered 9 August 2012.

title: Assessment of XXXX -ventilator breath contribution during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in @entity0 with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We previously showed in animals that the ratio of inspired tidal volume (Vtinsp) to inspiratory peak electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdipk) can be used to quantify the respective @entity0 and ventilator breath contributions (PVBCs) during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA). The PVBC index has not been tested clinically. METHODS: We studied 12 intubated and mechanically ventilated @entity0 with @entity1 and measured EAdipk, airway (Paw) and inspiratory esophageal pressure (Pes) and Vtinsp. We applied 11 different NAVA levels, increasing them every 3  minutes in steps of 0.3  cm H2O/ V from 0 to 3.0 cmH2O/ V. At each NAVA level, one breath was non-assisted (NAVA level 0). PVBC indices were calculated by relating Vtinsp/EAdipk of the non-assisted breath to Vtinsp/EAdipk of the assisted breath(s) using one ((N1)PVBC) or the mean value of five preceding assisted breaths ((X5)PVBC). During assisted breaths, inspiratory changes in Pes (   Pes) and transpulmonary (  @entity2 ) pressures were used to calculate the relative contribution of @entity0 to total inspiratory lung-distending pressures (  Pes/  @entity2 ). Matching of respiratory drive indices and squaring of the PVBC was evaluated for their effect on the correlation between PVBC and   Pes/  @entity2 . Linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were applied to compare indices. RESULTS: Using an average of five assisted breaths prior to the non-assisted breath and squaring the PVBC ((X5)PVBC(2)) improved determination coefficients (P <0.05), adjusted the regression slope and intercept between PVBC and   Pes/  @entity2 toward identity (P <0.05) and reduced bias (P <0.05). Matching EAdipk between non-assisted and assisted breaths within the range of 0.77 to 1.30 improved the relationship between (X5)PVBC(2) and   Pes/  @entity2 (P <0.05) and abolished the need for EAdi normalization in the PVBC calculation (R (2)   =   0.96; bias   =   0.16        0.06; precision   =   0.33        0.08 (mean and 95% confidence interval)). CONCLUSIONS: This clinical study confirms previous experimental results showing that the PVBC(2) predicts the contribution of the inspiratory muscles versus that of the ventilator during NAVA, when differences in effort (EAdi) between non-assisted and assisted breaths are limited. PVBC could help to quantify and standardize the adjustment of the level of assist, and hence reduce the risks of excessive ventilatory assist in @entity0 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01663480 . Registered 9 August 2012.

title: Assessment of @entity0 -ventilator breath contribution during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: No studies have compared @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and non- @entity7 following @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, clinical and microbiologic features, treatment characteristics and prognosis of @entity2 following @entity3 with a special focus on non- @entity7 . METHODS: Retrospective cohort study based on a prospectively collected database. We compared cases of non- @entity7 and @entity7 following @entity3 observed between January 2005 and December 2012. Statistical analysis consisted of bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 257 (3.5%) of 7,439 consecutive @entity3 @entity0 developed @entity2 , including 120 (47%) cases of non- @entity7 . @entity0 with @entity7 had more frequent history of @entity4 (31% vs. 17%, P   =   0.006) and longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (105 vs 76  min, P   <   0.0001), than @entity0 with non- @entity7 . No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of the types of microorganisms isolated with high proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (35%), @entity6 (20.2%) and @entity11 spp (20.2%), except for a lower proportion of @entity9 -susceptible @entity5 in the non- @entity7 group (3.2% vs 7.9%, P   =   0.03). In the intensive care unit, @entity0 with non- @entity7 had lower sequential organ failure assessment scores than @entity0 with @entity7 (8        3 versus 9        3, P   =   0.004). On multivariate analysis, in-hospital mortality was similar in both groups (32% in the non- @entity7 group and 42% in the @entity7 group, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.4; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.7-2.5; P   =   0.34) and appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was associated with a reduction of in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.4; 95%CI: 0.2-1; P   =   0.05). @entity10 / @entity12 or @entity8 monotherapy constituted appropriate empiric therapy in the two groups, with values reaching 93% and 95% with no differences between @entity7 and non- @entity7 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive care @entity0 with @entity7 are more severely ill than non- @entity7 @entity0 following @entity3 . Nevertheless, @entity0 with non- @entity7 and @entity7 following @entity3 have similar outcomes. This study suggests that the empiric antibiotic regimen in @entity0 with @entity1 following @entity3 should include at least a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, regardless of the type of @entity1 , and targeting @entity5 in @entity7 @entity0 .

title: XXXX following @entity3 in non-ventilated @entity0 versus mechanically ventilated @entity0 : is there any difference?

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: No studies have compared @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and non- @entity7 following @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, clinical and microbiologic features, treatment characteristics and prognosis of @entity2 following @entity3 with a special focus on non- @entity7 . METHODS: Retrospective cohort study based on a prospectively collected database. We compared cases of non- @entity7 and @entity7 following @entity3 observed between January 2005 and December 2012. Statistical analysis consisted of bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 257 (3.5%) of 7,439 consecutive @entity3 @entity0 developed @entity2 , including 120 (47%) cases of non- @entity7 . @entity0 with @entity7 had more frequent history of @entity4 (31% vs. 17%, P   =   0.006) and longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (105 vs 76  min, P   <   0.0001), than @entity0 with non- @entity7 . No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of the types of microorganisms isolated with high proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (35%), @entity6 (20.2%) and @entity11 spp (20.2%), except for a lower proportion of @entity9 -susceptible @entity5 in the non- @entity7 group (3.2% vs 7.9%, P   =   0.03). In the intensive care unit, @entity0 with non- @entity7 had lower sequential organ failure assessment scores than @entity0 with @entity7 (8        3 versus 9        3, P   =   0.004). On multivariate analysis, in-hospital mortality was similar in both groups (32% in the non- @entity7 group and 42% in the @entity7 group, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.4; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.7-2.5; P   =   0.34) and appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was associated with a reduction of in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.4; 95%CI: 0.2-1; P   =   0.05). @entity10 / @entity12 or @entity8 monotherapy constituted appropriate empiric therapy in the two groups, with values reaching 93% and 95% with no differences between @entity7 and non- @entity7 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive care @entity0 with @entity7 are more severely ill than non- @entity7 @entity0 following @entity3 . Nevertheless, @entity0 with non- @entity7 and @entity7 following @entity3 have similar outcomes. This study suggests that the empiric antibiotic regimen in @entity0 with @entity1 following @entity3 should include at least a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, regardless of the type of @entity1 , and targeting @entity5 in @entity7 @entity0 .

title: @entity2 following XXXX in non-ventilated @entity0 versus mechanically ventilated @entity0 : is there any difference?

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: No studies have compared @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and non- @entity7 following @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, clinical and microbiologic features, treatment characteristics and prognosis of @entity2 following @entity3 with a special focus on non- @entity7 . METHODS: Retrospective cohort study based on a prospectively collected database. We compared cases of non- @entity7 and @entity7 following @entity3 observed between January 2005 and December 2012. Statistical analysis consisted of bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 257 (3.5%) of 7,439 consecutive @entity3 @entity0 developed @entity2 , including 120 (47%) cases of non- @entity7 . @entity0 with @entity7 had more frequent history of @entity4 (31% vs. 17%, P   =   0.006) and longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (105 vs 76  min, P   <   0.0001), than @entity0 with non- @entity7 . No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of the types of microorganisms isolated with high proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (35%), @entity6 (20.2%) and @entity11 spp (20.2%), except for a lower proportion of @entity9 -susceptible @entity5 in the non- @entity7 group (3.2% vs 7.9%, P   =   0.03). In the intensive care unit, @entity0 with non- @entity7 had lower sequential organ failure assessment scores than @entity0 with @entity7 (8        3 versus 9        3, P   =   0.004). On multivariate analysis, in-hospital mortality was similar in both groups (32% in the non- @entity7 group and 42% in the @entity7 group, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.4; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.7-2.5; P   =   0.34) and appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was associated with a reduction of in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.4; 95%CI: 0.2-1; P   =   0.05). @entity10 / @entity12 or @entity8 monotherapy constituted appropriate empiric therapy in the two groups, with values reaching 93% and 95% with no differences between @entity7 and non- @entity7 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive care @entity0 with @entity7 are more severely ill than non- @entity7 @entity0 following @entity3 . Nevertheless, @entity0 with non- @entity7 and @entity7 following @entity3 have similar outcomes. This study suggests that the empiric antibiotic regimen in @entity0 with @entity1 following @entity3 should include at least a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, regardless of the type of @entity1 , and targeting @entity5 in @entity7 @entity0 .

title: @entity2 following @entity3 in non-ventilated XXXX versus mechanically ventilated @entity0 : is there any difference?

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: No studies have compared @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and non- @entity7 following @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, clinical and microbiologic features, treatment characteristics and prognosis of @entity2 following @entity3 with a special focus on non- @entity7 . METHODS: Retrospective cohort study based on a prospectively collected database. We compared cases of non- @entity7 and @entity7 following @entity3 observed between January 2005 and December 2012. Statistical analysis consisted of bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 257 (3.5%) of 7,439 consecutive @entity3 @entity0 developed @entity2 , including 120 (47%) cases of non- @entity7 . @entity0 with @entity7 had more frequent history of @entity4 (31% vs. 17%, P   =   0.006) and longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (105 vs 76  min, P   <   0.0001), than @entity0 with non- @entity7 . No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of the types of microorganisms isolated with high proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (35%), @entity6 (20.2%) and @entity11 spp (20.2%), except for a lower proportion of @entity9 -susceptible @entity5 in the non- @entity7 group (3.2% vs 7.9%, P   =   0.03). In the intensive care unit, @entity0 with non- @entity7 had lower sequential organ failure assessment scores than @entity0 with @entity7 (8        3 versus 9        3, P   =   0.004). On multivariate analysis, in-hospital mortality was similar in both groups (32% in the non- @entity7 group and 42% in the @entity7 group, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.4; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.7-2.5; P   =   0.34) and appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was associated with a reduction of in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.4; 95%CI: 0.2-1; P   =   0.05). @entity10 / @entity12 or @entity8 monotherapy constituted appropriate empiric therapy in the two groups, with values reaching 93% and 95% with no differences between @entity7 and non- @entity7 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive care @entity0 with @entity7 are more severely ill than non- @entity7 @entity0 following @entity3 . Nevertheless, @entity0 with non- @entity7 and @entity7 following @entity3 have similar outcomes. This study suggests that the empiric antibiotic regimen in @entity0 with @entity1 following @entity3 should include at least a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, regardless of the type of @entity1 , and targeting @entity5 in @entity7 @entity0 .

title: @entity2 following @entity3 in non-ventilated @entity0 versus mechanically ventilated XXXX : is there any difference?

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To identify the prognostic factors for locally advanced cervical @entity2 @entity0 treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and concurrent @entity7 -based chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 125 @entity0 with stage IB2-III cervical @entity4 were treated with IMRT and concurrent @entity7 -based chemotherapy, plus @entity8 ( @entity8 ) brachytherapy between January 2004 and November 2010, in our institution. All @entity0 received external irradiation of 45-54  Gy with the IMRT technique and concurrent @entity7 -based chemotherapy monthly or weekly. @entity8 brachytherapy of 20-30.5  Gy was prescribed to point A, as a local boost. Prognostic factors including age, histology, stage, lymph nodes @entity1 , pretreatment hemoglobin level, serum squamous cell @entity4 antigen (serum SCC-Ag), chemotherapy regimens and the cumulative dose of weekly @entity7 , were analyzed. The endpoints were @entity9 ( @entity9 ), local failure-free survival (LFFS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 42 months. The 4-year @entity9 , LFFS and DFS were 73.8%, 77.9% and 67.2%, respectively. Four (3.2%) @entity0 developed >= grade 3 acute @entity5 and 29 (23.2%) @entity0 developed >= grade 3 acute hematological @entity3 . Five (4.0%) @entity0 developed >= grade 3 late GI @entity3 and seven (5.6%) @entity0 developed >= grade 3 late genitourinary system @entity3 . On univariate analysis, @entity6 was a poor prognostic factor for @entity9 (p  =  0.05), LFFS (p  =  0.01) and DFS (p  =  0.006). @entity0 with lymph nodes  @entity1 at diagnosis had worse @entity9 (p  =  0.02). The high cumulative dose of @entity7 (>180  mg/m(2)) had better @entity9 (p  =  0.03) and tended to have better survival on LFFS (p  =  0.13) and DFS (p  =  0.10). On multivariate analysis, @entity6 was a significant independent prognostic factor for @entity9 (p  =  0.001), LFFS (p  =  0.005) and DFS (p  <  0.001). Initial lymph nodes @entity1 was an independent predictor of @entity9 (p  =  0.013). Cumulative dose of weekly @entity7 significantly affected @entity9 (p  =  0.041), and high cumulative dose of @entity7 tended to have better LFFS (p  =  0.083). Higher pretreatment hemoglobin level had better LFFS (p  =  0.034). CONCLUSION: @entity6 and lymph nodes metastases were poor prognostic factors for @entity0 with locally advanced cervical @entity2 . Lower pretreatment hemoglobin level had poorer local control. Chemotherapy with a high cumulative dose of @entity7 tended to result in better survival.

title: The prognostic factors for locally advanced cervical XXXX @entity0 treated by intensity-modulated radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To identify the prognostic factors for locally advanced cervical @entity2 @entity0 treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and concurrent @entity7 -based chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 125 @entity0 with stage IB2-III cervical @entity4 were treated with IMRT and concurrent @entity7 -based chemotherapy, plus @entity8 ( @entity8 ) brachytherapy between January 2004 and November 2010, in our institution. All @entity0 received external irradiation of 45-54  Gy with the IMRT technique and concurrent @entity7 -based chemotherapy monthly or weekly. @entity8 brachytherapy of 20-30.5  Gy was prescribed to point A, as a local boost. Prognostic factors including age, histology, stage, lymph nodes @entity1 , pretreatment hemoglobin level, serum squamous cell @entity4 antigen (serum SCC-Ag), chemotherapy regimens and the cumulative dose of weekly @entity7 , were analyzed. The endpoints were @entity9 ( @entity9 ), local failure-free survival (LFFS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 42 months. The 4-year @entity9 , LFFS and DFS were 73.8%, 77.9% and 67.2%, respectively. Four (3.2%) @entity0 developed >= grade 3 acute @entity5 and 29 (23.2%) @entity0 developed >= grade 3 acute hematological @entity3 . Five (4.0%) @entity0 developed >= grade 3 late GI @entity3 and seven (5.6%) @entity0 developed >= grade 3 late genitourinary system @entity3 . On univariate analysis, @entity6 was a poor prognostic factor for @entity9 (p  =  0.05), LFFS (p  =  0.01) and DFS (p  =  0.006). @entity0 with lymph nodes  @entity1 at diagnosis had worse @entity9 (p  =  0.02). The high cumulative dose of @entity7 (>180  mg/m(2)) had better @entity9 (p  =  0.03) and tended to have better survival on LFFS (p  =  0.13) and DFS (p  =  0.10). On multivariate analysis, @entity6 was a significant independent prognostic factor for @entity9 (p  =  0.001), LFFS (p  =  0.005) and DFS (p  <  0.001). Initial lymph nodes @entity1 was an independent predictor of @entity9 (p  =  0.013). Cumulative dose of weekly @entity7 significantly affected @entity9 (p  =  0.041), and high cumulative dose of @entity7 tended to have better LFFS (p  =  0.083). Higher pretreatment hemoglobin level had better LFFS (p  =  0.034). CONCLUSION: @entity6 and lymph nodes metastases were poor prognostic factors for @entity0 with locally advanced cervical @entity2 . Lower pretreatment hemoglobin level had poorer local control. Chemotherapy with a high cumulative dose of @entity7 tended to result in better survival.

title: The prognostic factors for locally advanced cervical @entity2 XXXX treated by intensity-modulated radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy exists regarding the question of whether weight change decreases or increases the risk of mortality. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic importance of weight change on short-term outcomes in acute @entity3 @entity0 . METHODS: A total of 654 @entity0 with acute @entity3 were enrolled in this study from March 2010 to May 2013. We assessed the weight change of each @entity0 between admission and discharge from the Department of Neurology. Weight change was defined as change >= 0  05   kg/baseline body mass index unit. We evaluated the short-term outcomes using a modified Rankin Scale at three-months after the onset of a @entity1 . RESULTS: Among the 654 @entity0 , 35  2% were included in the weight-change group. Weight loss occurred in 24  6% of the @entity0 during the hospital stay following the @entity1 , which lasted an average of nine-days. Compared with the weight-stable group, the pronounced weight-loss group had a higher risk of unfavorable outcomes (odds ratio 2  43; 95% confidence interval 1  12-5  25). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term @entity2 after @entity1 appears to be more common than we expected, and our results suggest that it is associated with unfavorable functional outcomes. Therefore, clinical nutrition should be considered as a component of medical treatment and @entity2 should be monitored as an indicator of @entity4 .

title: Prognostic importance of weight change on short-term functional outcome in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Age is an important risk factor for @entity0 , but previous data has been contradictory on whether @entity1 age at diagnosis is also related to @entity0 survival. The present study evaluates age at diagnosis as a prognostic factor for @entity0 on a large cohort of @entity1 at a single institution. METHODS: All 4,453 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 in Malm   University Hospital, Sweden between 1961 and 1991 were followed up on for 10  years with regards to @entity0 -specific mortality (BCSM) in different age groups. Corresponding relative risks (RR), with 95% confidence intervals, were obtained using Cox's proportional hazards analysis. All analyses were adjusted for potential confounders and stratified for axillary lymph node involvement (ALNI) and diagnostic period. RESULTS: As compared to @entity1 aged 40 to 49  years, those who were aged under 40 (RR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.88) and 80 or more years (RR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.45 to 2.25) had a statistically significant higher 10-year mortality rate. When adjusted for potential confounders, including stage at diagnosis, the associations only remained statistically significant for @entity1 aged 80  years or more. In the analyses stratified on ALNI, ALNI-negative @entity1 under 40  years had a statistically significant higher five-year mortality rate (RR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.23 to 5.70). In the analyses stratified on diagnostic period, the positive association between @entity1 aged under 40 or aged 80 or more years and high BCSM rate remained, with statistically significant results for @entity1 aged 80  years or more in all periods. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 under 40  years of age had a poor prognosis, and this association was strongest among young @entity1 with axillary lymph node negative @entity0 . An age of 80  years or more was a prognostic factor for poor survival, independent of stage at diagnosis and diagnostic period.

title: Age at diagnosis in relation to XXXX : a cohort study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Four drugs that inhibit platelet function have been evaluated for their antithrombotic effects in @entity0 . These are @entity5 , @entity17 , @entity18 and @entity19 . @entity5 has been shown to reduce the number of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity4 and @entity6 in @entity0 with multiple @entity3 . The reduction in @entity3 was greatest in males who were normotensive and when there was an angiographically demonstrated lesion in the carotid artery that accounted for the symptoms. @entity5 reduced @entity2 and @entity13 in @entity0 after surgery for fractured hip and after elective hip replacement. There is evidence that the prophylactic effect of @entity5 may be greater in male @entity0 . @entity5 reduced the frequency of arteriovenous shunt @entity9 . @entity5 abolished symptoms in @entity0 with @entity3 associated with @entity12 and spontaneous @entity16 . There is no conclusive evidence at the present time that @entity5 is effective in @entity0 with @entity7 . @entity17 in combination with oral anticoagulants is effective in reducing the frequency of systemic @entity10 in @entity0 with prosthetic heart valve replacement but is ineffective in @entity0 with transient cerebral @entity3 attacks or for the prevention of @entity15 . @entity18 was effective in reducing postoperative @entity2 in @entity0 undergoing general abdominothoracic surgery but the evidence that it was effective in @entity0 undergoing orthopaedic surgery is inconclusive. @entity19 may be effective in reducing the frequency of sudden @entity6 in @entity0 in the first year after @entity8 when it is started within 25 to 35 days after the @entity14 . @entity19 reduced the incidence of arteriovenous shunt @entity9 in @entity0 undergoing chronic hemodialysis and in combination with anticoagulants, it reduced the frequency of recurrent @entity2 . There have been no large scale trials of platelet suppressant drugs in clinical @entity1 and successful treatment of @entity11 cannot be used to predict success in the treatment of @entity1 .

title: Antithrombotic effects of drugs which suppress platelet function: their potential in prevention growth of XXXX cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 are an uncommon entity comprising only 1%-2% of all @entity2 . @entity4 are frequently diagnosed during colonoscopy, but management after polypectomy is still controversial. The aims of this study were to review the surgical procedures for @entity4 and to compare the outcomes of @entity0 after different treatment modalities in a university hospital in Hong Kong. METHODS: All @entity4 diagnosed between January 2003 and September 2012 were reviewed retrospectively, including clinicopathological characteristics, their management, and surgical outcomes. RESULTS: There were 54 @entity0 with a median age of 60  years, and 32 were males (59.3%). All @entity0 underwent colonoscopy, and the most had @entity3 (53.7%). Two @entity0 were diagnosed incidentally in the surgical specimens of rectal tissues. Eighteen @entity0 were diagnosed to have @entity4 after snaring polypectomy, and no further intervention was required. Twenty-five @entity0 had local resection either by means of transanal resection or transanal endoscopic operation. Radical resection was performed in seven @entity0 in which one had T3N1 disease and the others did not have any lymph node @entity1 . In the median follow-up of 30  months (10-108 months), there was no recurrence in the "incidental" or post-polypectomy group. However, two @entity0 with transanal resection and two @entity0 with radical resection developed hepatic metastases after 13-24 months post-treatment. The 5-year overall survival was 100% in @entity0 having snaring polypectomy only, 83% for those with local resection, and 63% in @entity0 who underwent radical surgery (p   =   0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggested that that local resection was an effective treatment for @entity4 and generally brought about good oncological and surgical outcomes. For larger @entity2 , radical resection seemed to provide acceptable oncological outcomes. Regular surveillance with colonoscopy and endorectal ultrasound is highly recommended for high-risk @entity0 for long-term management. By sharing our experience, we hope to provide more evidence on the management on @entity4 which, together with evidence from further studies, may guide us in the long-term management of these @entity0 in the future.

title: Surgical management and outcome of XXXX in a university hospital.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study assessed the safety and efficacy of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 presenting with biliary pathology. The potential savings plus income generation for the hospital were calculated. METHODS: All @entity0 undergoing emergency cholecystectomy were identified from computerized and hand-written theater records to ensure complete capture. Length of stay, procedure time, @entity0 demographics, and @entity2 were recorded. Tariffs for conservative versus acute management were calculated. Total admissions and readmissions with biliary pathology ( @entity6 , @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity5 ) over a 12-month period were recorded. RESULTS: Eighty-four @entity0 undergoing @entity3 were identified. There was only 1 major complication (1 postoperative bleed managed laparoscopically). @entity3 for all admissions would result in savings of   695,918 over 12 months. The implementation of @entity3 for all @entity0 would result in a small loss in revenue when compared with elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (  15,495) provided that all operations could be accommodated on established operating lists. Implementing @entity3 on all appropriate biliary admissions could generate up to 3 cholecystectomies daily for a population base of 1 million. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is cost-effective and safe. It can be offered to all @entity0 with biliary pathology provided they are fit enough for surgery.

title: Economic Implications of Providing Emergency Cholecystectomy for All XXXX With Biliary Pathology: A Retrospective Analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies have proposed vastus medialis (VM) muscle cross-sectional area change as a variable associated with cartilage @entity2 in knee @entity3 . However, VM also includes fat (%Fat), which may influence knee function. This study analyzed the VM area and %Fat data, separately and in combination, to predict symptoms, cartilage @entity2 , and BML change in knee @entity3 . METHODS: This study included the @entity4 (n=143) population of a 2-year knee @entity3 RCT having MRI at baseline and 2 years. Correlations used multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Greater baseline value for VM area and %Fat were significantly associated with gender (male, area; female, %Fat), higher BMI, and WOMAC stiffness, function, and total score (better, high area; worse, high %Fat). Moreover, a VM %Fat increase of 1% at 2 years was associated with worsening of cartilage @entity2 in the global knee (p=0.015) and some subregions (p <=0.030), and with an increment of BML global score change (p<0.001). A 1% decrease in VM area at 2 years was associated with worsening of knee @entity1 score (p=0.048). Importantly, the concurrent presence of low VM area, high VM %Fat, and high BMI identified a subgroup of @entity0 with greater cartilage @entity2 in the medial femur (p=0.028) than the rest of the cohort. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrated, for the first time, that VM fat content is a strong predictor of cartilage @entity2 and the occurrence and progression of BML. Importantly, the combined data of VM area, VM %Fat, and BMI identified @entity0 at higher risk for @entity3 progression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Vastus medialis muscle fat content as assessed by mri is a risk factor for knee XXXX progression: Relevance from a clinical trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is increasingly recognized that standing represents a simple solution to extended periods of sitting. However, it is currently unknown whether workplace standing time is prospectively associated with a lower incidence of @entity3 . The objective of this study was to examine the association between workplace standing time and the incidence of overweight/ @entity2 (OW/OB) and impaired @entity4 tolerance/type 2 @entity1 (IGT/ @entity5 ) in adults. METHODS: A longitudinal analysis from the Quebec Family Study (Canada) was conducted on 293 @entity0 , aged 18 to 65  years, followed for a mean of 6  years. Information on self-reported occupational standing time as well as several covariates was collected at both baseline and follow-up. Outcome measures included the development of OW/OB (i.e. body mass index >= 25  kg/m(2)) and IGT/ @entity5 (i.e. 2-h postload plasma @entity4 level >= 7.8  mmol/L). RESULTS: The incidence rates of OW/OB and IGT/ @entity5 over the 6-year follow-up period were 17.4% and 12.6%, respectively. Significant negative associations were observed between the amount of occupational standing time and the development of outcome measures. However, the associations were no longer significant after adjustment for age, sex, smoking habits, total annual family income, daily caloric intake, and submaximal working capacity. In age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis, significant negative linear trends were observed across levels of standing time and the outcome variables. However, the associations were no longer significant after further adjustment for the other covariates. Finally, we observed that the change in standing time from baseline to year 6 was significantly associated with the development of outcome measures, with higher incidence rates in adults reporting a reduction in standing time at follow-up. However, the associations became non-significant after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Greater occupational standing time is not sufficient in and of itself to prevent the development of OW/OB and IGT/ @entity5 in adults. Future efforts are needed to better understand the potential benefits of higher amounts of standing time throughout the day on the prevention of @entity3 .

title: Workplace standing time and the incidence of XXXX and type 2 @entity1 : a longitudinal study in adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is increasingly recognized that standing represents a simple solution to extended periods of sitting. However, it is currently unknown whether workplace standing time is prospectively associated with a lower incidence of @entity3 . The objective of this study was to examine the association between workplace standing time and the incidence of overweight/ @entity2 (OW/OB) and impaired @entity4 tolerance/type 2 @entity1 (IGT/ @entity5 ) in adults. METHODS: A longitudinal analysis from the Quebec Family Study (Canada) was conducted on 293 @entity0 , aged 18 to 65  years, followed for a mean of 6  years. Information on self-reported occupational standing time as well as several covariates was collected at both baseline and follow-up. Outcome measures included the development of OW/OB (i.e. body mass index >= 25  kg/m(2)) and IGT/ @entity5 (i.e. 2-h postload plasma @entity4 level >= 7.8  mmol/L). RESULTS: The incidence rates of OW/OB and IGT/ @entity5 over the 6-year follow-up period were 17.4% and 12.6%, respectively. Significant negative associations were observed between the amount of occupational standing time and the development of outcome measures. However, the associations were no longer significant after adjustment for age, sex, smoking habits, total annual family income, daily caloric intake, and submaximal working capacity. In age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis, significant negative linear trends were observed across levels of standing time and the outcome variables. However, the associations were no longer significant after further adjustment for the other covariates. Finally, we observed that the change in standing time from baseline to year 6 was significantly associated with the development of outcome measures, with higher incidence rates in adults reporting a reduction in standing time at follow-up. However, the associations became non-significant after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Greater occupational standing time is not sufficient in and of itself to prevent the development of OW/OB and IGT/ @entity5 in adults. Future efforts are needed to better understand the potential benefits of higher amounts of standing time throughout the day on the prevention of @entity3 .

title: Workplace standing time and the incidence of @entity2 and type 2 XXXX : a longitudinal study in adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The vastly increasing number of neuro-muscular simulation studies (with increasing numbers of muscles used per simulation) is in sharp contrast to a narrow database of necessary muscle parameters. Simulation results depend heavily on rough parameter estimates often obtained by scaling of one muscle parameter set. However, in vivo muscles differ in their individual properties and architecture. Here we provide a comprehensive dataset of dynamic (n = 6 per muscle) and geometric (three-dimensional architecture, n = 3 per muscle) muscle properties of the @entity0 @entity1 muscles gastrocnemius, plantaris, and soleus. For completeness we provide the dynamic muscle properties for further important shank muscles (flexor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum longus, and tibialis anterior; n = 1 per muscle). Maximum shortening velocity (normalized to optimal fiber length) of the gastrocnemius is about twice that of soleus, while plantaris showed an intermediate value. The force-velocity relation is similar for gastrocnemius and plantaris but is much more bent for the soleus. Although the muscles vary greatly in their three-dimensional architecture their mean pennation angle and normalized force-length relationships are almost similar. Forces of the muscles were enhanced in the isometric phase following stretching and were @entity2 following shortening compared to the corresponding isometric forces. While the enhancement was independent of the ramp velocity, the @entity2 was inversely related to the ramp velocity. The lowest effect strength for soleus supports the idea that these effects adapt to muscle function. The careful acquisition of typical dynamical parameters (e.g. force-length and force-velocity relations, force elongation relations of passive components), enhancement and @entity2 effects, and 3D muscle architecture of @entity1 muscles provides valuable comprehensive datasets for e.g. simulations with neuro-muscular models, development of more realistic muscle models, or simulation of muscle packages.

title: Three-Dimensional Muscle Architecture and Comprehensive Dynamic Properties of XXXX Gastrocnemius, Plantaris and Soleus: Input for Simulation Studies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Age-associated disability reduces quality of life in older populations and leads to wide-range implications for social and health policy. The identification of diseases that contribute to the disability burden is crucial to the development of prevention and intervention strategies to reduce disability. In this study, we assessed the contribution of @entity6 to the prevalence of disability in Belgium. METHODS: Data from 35,837 individuals aged 15  years or older who participated in the 1997, 2001, 2004, or 2008 Belgian Health Interview Surveys were used. Disability was defined as difficulties in doing at least one of six activities of daily living (transfer in and out of bed, transfer in and out of chair, dressing, washing hands and face, feeding, and going to the toilet) and/or mobility limitations (ability to walk without stopping less than 200  m). Multiple additive regression models were fitted separately for @entity0 and @entity0 to estimate the age-specific background disability rate (experienced by everyone, independent of the presence of specific diseases) and disease-specific disability rates (disability rate in subjects who reported selected @entity6 ). RESULTS: Musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and @entity11 were the main contributors to the disability burden in Belgium. @entity5 were the most @entity4 in @entity0 and @entity0 in all age groups. @entity2 and @entity3 were the most disabling diseases, i.e. caused the highest level of disability among the diseased individuals, in all age groups for @entity0 and @entity0 , respectively. Back @entity7 was the main cause of disability in @entity0 aged 15 to 64  years, while @entity8 was the major contributor to the disability prevalence in @entity0 aged 65 or older. Likewise, @entity10 was the main cause of disability among @entity0 across all age groups. @entity9 was also an important contributor in young subjects (15-54 years). @entity1 was not an important contributor to the disability prevalence in Belgium. CONCLUSIONS: To reduce the burden of disability in Belgium, interventions should target musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and @entity11 especially among elderly. Furthermore, attention should also be given to @entity9 in young individuals.

title: Contribution of XXXX to the disability burden in a population 15  years and older, Belgium, 1997-2008.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study examined associations between use of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) by college students and their friends and drinking-related outcomes during Spring Break (SB). Moreover, this study examined the influence of friends' own @entity1 use on @entity0 ' @entity1 use during SB. @entity0 included college students (N=694) and their nominated friends (N=131) who were part of a larger study of SB drinking. Data were collected via web-based surveys that @entity0 and friends took after SB, which assessed SB @entity1 , drinking, and related negative consequences. Results indicated that higher levels of Serious Harm Reduction (SHR) strategies and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) strategies were associated with increased consumption, higher likelihood of experiencing any consequences, and an increased number of consequences. A different pattern emerged for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) strategy use; @entity0 utilizing higher levels of @entity3 strategies drank less and had fewer consequences. @entity4 and @entity3 strategies used by the @entity0 's friends appeared to have less of an impact on the @entity0 's drinking outcomes. However, greater friends' use of SHR strategies was associated with increased @entity2 use by the @entity0 , but not with consequences. Greater friends' use of SHR strategies was associated with greater SHR strategy use by the @entity0 . Friends' @entity4 and @entity3 strategies were not associated with @entity0 drinking, consequences, or @entity1 . These findings highlight the potential utility of interventions that focus on drinking behaviors on specific high-risk occasions for those at risk as well as for their friends.

title: Friend or foe: Personal use and friends' use of XXXX and spring break drinking.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Iatrogenic injuries to the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are not uncommon during lymph node biopsy of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ). In this study, the authors review the operative techniques and surgical outcomes of 156 surgical repairs of the @entity4 following @entity1 during lymph node biopsy procedures. METHODS This retrospective study examines the authors' clinical and surgical experience with 156 @entity0 with @entity4 injury between 1980 and 2012. All @entity0 suffered iatrogenic @entity4 injuries during lymph node biopsy, with the vast majority (154/156, 98.7%) occurring in Zone I of the @entity2 . Surgery was performed on the basis of anatomical and electro-physiological findings at the time of the operation. The mean follow-up period was 24 months (range 8-44 months). RESULTS Of the 123 @entity0 who underwent graft or suture repair, 107 @entity0 (87%) improved to Grade 3 functionality or higher using the Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC) grading system. Neurolysis was performed in 29 @entity0 (19%) when the nerve was found in continuity with recordable nerve action potential (NAP) across the lesion. More than 95% of @entity0 treated by neurolysis with positive NAP recordings recovered to LSUHSC Grade 3 or higher. Forty-one @entity0 (26%) underwent end-to-end repair, while 82 @entity0 (53%) underwent graft repair, and Grade 3 or higher recovery was assessed for 90% and 85% of these @entity0 , respectively. The average graft length used was 3.81 cm. Neurotization was performed in 4 @entity0 , 2 of whom recovered to Grade 2 and 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS @entity4 injuries present challenges for surgical exploration and repair because of the nerve's size and location in the @entity2 . However, through proper and timely intervention, @entity0 with diminished or absent function achieved favorable functional outcomes. Surgeons performing lymph node biopsy procedures in Zone I of the @entity2 should be aware of the potential risk of @entity3 .

title: Surgical outcomes of 156 spinal XXXX caused by lymph node biopsy procedures.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The main objective of this study was to compare the effect of two anaesthetic techniques (general vs combined) on plasma levels of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) after robotic urogenital oncosurgery. The secondary objective was to correlate @entity4 levels with the incidence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: This was a longitudinal prospective study. Forty @entity0 were included and randomized in 2 groups: group C (N=16 cases; combined general-epidural anesthesia) and group G (N=24 cases; control group with general anesthesia). Demographic data, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Apache II, SOFA and ASA scores were similar in both groups. Serum @entity3 was determined preoperatively and every 24 hrs for 4 postoperative days to identify @entity2 according to RIFLE and AKIN criteria. Serum @entity4 was determined at 6 and 12 hrs after induction of anesthesia. RESULTS: Serum creatinine increased at 24 hrs postoperatively in both groups as compared to baseline, but significant changes were registered only in the G group (pcontrol = 0.004). Serum @entity4 increased significantly in both groups as compared with baseline levels (pcase=0.0034 vs pcontrol=0.0001). The incidence of @entity2 was 12.50% (95% CI 0.4-34) in the C group and 37.50% (95% CI 17-58) in the G group (p=0.0909), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1 and @entity2 occurred in robot-assisted laparoscopic urogenital oncosurgery under both general and combined anaesthesia. The incidence of @entity2 was lower in @entity0 undergoing combined anesthesia compared to general anaesthesia after robotic urogenital oncosurgery but the difference did not reach statistical significance. However, plasma levels of @entity4 were significantly increased at 6 and 12 hrs in the general anaesthesia group as compared with combined anaesthesia. @entity4 may be a better marker in detecting postoperative @entity2 . Further studies are needed.

title: The effect of anaesthetic management on XXXX ( @entity4 ) levels after robotic surgical oncology.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The main objective of this study was to compare the effect of two anaesthetic techniques (general vs combined) on plasma levels of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) after robotic urogenital oncosurgery. The secondary objective was to correlate @entity4 levels with the incidence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: This was a longitudinal prospective study. Forty @entity0 were included and randomized in 2 groups: group C (N=16 cases; combined general-epidural anesthesia) and group G (N=24 cases; control group with general anesthesia). Demographic data, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Apache II, SOFA and ASA scores were similar in both groups. Serum @entity3 was determined preoperatively and every 24 hrs for 4 postoperative days to identify @entity2 according to RIFLE and AKIN criteria. Serum @entity4 was determined at 6 and 12 hrs after induction of anesthesia. RESULTS: Serum creatinine increased at 24 hrs postoperatively in both groups as compared to baseline, but significant changes were registered only in the G group (pcontrol = 0.004). Serum @entity4 increased significantly in both groups as compared with baseline levels (pcase=0.0034 vs pcontrol=0.0001). The incidence of @entity2 was 12.50% (95% CI 0.4-34) in the C group and 37.50% (95% CI 17-58) in the G group (p=0.0909), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1 and @entity2 occurred in robot-assisted laparoscopic urogenital oncosurgery under both general and combined anaesthesia. The incidence of @entity2 was lower in @entity0 undergoing combined anesthesia compared to general anaesthesia after robotic urogenital oncosurgery but the difference did not reach statistical significance. However, plasma levels of @entity4 were significantly increased at 6 and 12 hrs in the general anaesthesia group as compared with combined anaesthesia. @entity4 may be a better marker in detecting postoperative @entity2 . Further studies are needed.

title: The effect of anaesthetic management on @entity4 ( XXXX ) levels after robotic surgical oncology.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Solitary spinal amyloidoma is a rare entity. Amyloidomas consist of extracellular @entity1 with an insoluble beta-pleated proteinaceous material. Although amyloidomas are slow growing lesions, they may lead to a progressive @entity4 . Moreover amyloidoma results in destruction of bone with consequence of progressive @entity5 . METHOD: This study is a case presentation and review of the literature and should point out the need to explore any underlying diseases to guarantee the best therapy for the affected @entity0 . In this case report we present a female @entity0 with high-level paraparesis and lumbar stenosis in L2-L3 with combined spondylolisthesis (ASIA Impairemet Scale C). Paraparesis increased shortly after lumbar osteosynthesis. Contrast-enhanced MRI of the thoracic spine revealed medullary compression at the D5 level due to an epidural and paraspinal mass with concomitant bone infiltration. Operative decompression followed. Histopathological examination initially revealed amyloidoma. Finally the lesion was classified as a @entity3 . RESULTS: Plasma cell @entity3 may rarely present as a solitary amyloidoma in the initial pathological examination with the potential to cause @entity4 associated to @entity2 of the spine. CONCLUSION: A thorough pathological work-up is mandatory in order to rule out differential diagnosis and exclude possible underlying diseases.

title: Differentiated XXXX presenting as a solitary spinal amyloidoma: A case report, possible pitfall and review to the literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Disease severity, complexity, and @entity0 burden highlight @entity1 care as a target for quality improvement (QI) interventions. The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) implemented a series of @entity1 care QI toolkits. OBJECTIVES: To describe characteristics of the toolkits, target users, and @entity1 care facilities that influenced toolkit access and use and assess whether such resources were beneficial for users. METHODS: Deductive content analysis of detailed notes from 94 telephone interviews with individuals from 48 @entity2 facilities. We evaluated toolkit access and use across @entity1 types, @entity3 , and affiliation with @entity1 care facilities. RESULTS: The presence of champions was identified as a strong facilitator of toolkit use, and learning collaboratives were important for spreading information about toolkit availability. Identified barriers included lack of personnel and financial resources and complicated approval processes to support tool use. CONCLUSIONS: Online @entity1 care toolkits are well received across @entity1 specialties and provider types. Clinicians, administrators, and QI staff may benefit from the availability of toolkits as they become more reliant on rapid access to strategies that support comprehensive delivery of evidence-based care. Toolkits should be considered as a complement to other QI approaches.

title: A Qualitative Evaluation of Web-Based Cancer Care Quality Improvement Toolkit Use in the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The use of primary @entity0 b-cells for studying @entity8 signaling is limited by the scarcity of @entity0 pancreatic islets. @entity9 cell lines are widely used, but it is difficult to extrapolate results obtained from rodent cells to @entity0 . Recently, a genetically engineered @entity0 b-cell line EndoC-BH1 has been developed. We have examined whether the EndoC-BH1 cells could be used as a model for studying @entity8 signaling in the b-cells. METHODS: We used microscope-based fluorometry to measure cytoplasmic-free @entity8 concentration from @entity2 -loaded single EndoC-BH1 cells cultured on glass cover slips. @entity8 responses to different agonists of @entity3 secretion were studied. @entity3 secretion was measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: EndoC-BH1 cells secreted @entity3 in response to @entity1 in a dose-dependent manner, and the secretion was enhanced by @entity6 ( @entity6 ). @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity10 increased cytoplasmic-free @entity8 concentration in the EndoC-BH1 cells. We found that @entity6 was essential for @entity8 response to @entity1 and @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the EndoC-BH1 cells can be used as model cells to study @entity8 signaling and stimulus-secretion coupling in the @entity0 b-cells.

title: Calcium Signaling in a Genetically Engineered XXXX Pancreatic b-Cell Line.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective was to study the effect of a commercially available xylanase (CAX), an experimental xylanase (EX), and EX in combination with protease (EXP) on the degradation of nondigestible @entity3 (NDC) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) of nutrients in @entity4 distillers dried grains with solubles (wDDGS). The control and 3 enzyme diets contained 96% wDDGS supplemented with vitamins, minerals, @entity0 , and @entity8 as a digestibility marker in addition to enzyme premix. Eight ileal cannulated @entity2 were fed 4 experimental diets containing 96% wDDGS-a control diet or 1 of 3 diets with CAX, EX, or EXP-in a double 4 * 4 Latin square design. The experimental period lasted 7 d; adaptation lasted 4 d, and the ileal digesta were collected for 8 h on d 5 and 7, when spot samples of feces were also collected. Digesta samples were analyzed for NDC, total and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), low molecular weight (LMW) NDC, OM, CP, fat, starch, and marker. Compared with the control diet, addition of CAX, EX, and EXP increased the @entity6 of arabinoxylan by 32 ( < 0.001), 28 ( = 0.001), and 24% ( = 0.004), respectively. In addition, EXP increased the @entity6 of noncellulosic polysaccharide @entity1 by 21% compared with the control ( = 0.005). Compared with the control, addition of EX, EXP, and CAX decreased the concentration of soluble arabinoxylan in ileal digesta by 40 ( < 0.0001), 40 ( < 0.0001), and 21% ( = 0.022), respectively. Furthermore, addition of CAX, EXP, and EX increased the concentration of LMW arabinoxylan in ileal digesta by 40 ( = 0.0001), 36 ( = 0.0006), and 24% ( = 0.023), respectively, compared with the control. Addition of EX and EXP decreased the concentration of soluble NSP of ileal digesta by 25 ( = 0.001) and 26% ( < 0.001), respectively, compared with the control diet. Addition of CAX ( < 0.0001) and EXP ( = 0.013) increased the @entity5 -to- @entity7 ratio in the insoluble arabinoxylan fraction in ileal digesta compared with the control diet, and CAX increased the @entity9 -to-xylose ratio of the ileal insoluble NSP fraction ( < 0.0001) compared with the control diet. Enzyme addition did not affect @entity6 of OM, CP, starch, and fat ( > 0.3). In conclusion, addition of xylanases to wDDGS diets increased the ileal digestibility of NSP and generated LMW NDC components in the small intestine of @entity2 but did not affect ileal digestibility of nutrients in the current study.

title: Xylanase increased the ileal digestibility of nonstarch polysaccharides and concentration of low molecular weight nondigestible XXXX in @entity2 fed high levels of @entity4 distillers dried grains with solubles.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective was to study the effect of a commercially available xylanase (CAX), an experimental xylanase (EX), and EX in combination with protease (EXP) on the degradation of nondigestible @entity3 (NDC) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) of nutrients in @entity4 distillers dried grains with solubles (wDDGS). The control and 3 enzyme diets contained 96% wDDGS supplemented with vitamins, minerals, @entity0 , and @entity8 as a digestibility marker in addition to enzyme premix. Eight ileal cannulated @entity2 were fed 4 experimental diets containing 96% wDDGS-a control diet or 1 of 3 diets with CAX, EX, or EXP-in a double 4 * 4 Latin square design. The experimental period lasted 7 d; adaptation lasted 4 d, and the ileal digesta were collected for 8 h on d 5 and 7, when spot samples of feces were also collected. Digesta samples were analyzed for NDC, total and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), low molecular weight (LMW) NDC, OM, CP, fat, starch, and marker. Compared with the control diet, addition of CAX, EX, and EXP increased the @entity6 of arabinoxylan by 32 ( < 0.001), 28 ( = 0.001), and 24% ( = 0.004), respectively. In addition, EXP increased the @entity6 of noncellulosic polysaccharide @entity1 by 21% compared with the control ( = 0.005). Compared with the control, addition of EX, EXP, and CAX decreased the concentration of soluble arabinoxylan in ileal digesta by 40 ( < 0.0001), 40 ( < 0.0001), and 21% ( = 0.022), respectively. Furthermore, addition of CAX, EXP, and EX increased the concentration of LMW arabinoxylan in ileal digesta by 40 ( = 0.0001), 36 ( = 0.0006), and 24% ( = 0.023), respectively, compared with the control. Addition of EX and EXP decreased the concentration of soluble NSP of ileal digesta by 25 ( = 0.001) and 26% ( < 0.001), respectively, compared with the control diet. Addition of CAX ( < 0.0001) and EXP ( = 0.013) increased the @entity5 -to- @entity7 ratio in the insoluble arabinoxylan fraction in ileal digesta compared with the control diet, and CAX increased the @entity9 -to-xylose ratio of the ileal insoluble NSP fraction ( < 0.0001) compared with the control diet. Enzyme addition did not affect @entity6 of OM, CP, starch, and fat ( > 0.3). In conclusion, addition of xylanases to wDDGS diets increased the ileal digestibility of NSP and generated LMW NDC components in the small intestine of @entity2 but did not affect ileal digestibility of nutrients in the current study.

title: Xylanase increased the ileal digestibility of nonstarch polysaccharides and concentration of low molecular weight nondigestible @entity3 in XXXX fed high levels of @entity4 distillers dried grains with solubles.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective was to study the effect of a commercially available xylanase (CAX), an experimental xylanase (EX), and EX in combination with protease (EXP) on the degradation of nondigestible @entity3 (NDC) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) of nutrients in @entity4 distillers dried grains with solubles (wDDGS). The control and 3 enzyme diets contained 96% wDDGS supplemented with vitamins, minerals, @entity0 , and @entity8 as a digestibility marker in addition to enzyme premix. Eight ileal cannulated @entity2 were fed 4 experimental diets containing 96% wDDGS-a control diet or 1 of 3 diets with CAX, EX, or EXP-in a double 4 * 4 Latin square design. The experimental period lasted 7 d; adaptation lasted 4 d, and the ileal digesta were collected for 8 h on d 5 and 7, when spot samples of feces were also collected. Digesta samples were analyzed for NDC, total and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), low molecular weight (LMW) NDC, OM, CP, fat, starch, and marker. Compared with the control diet, addition of CAX, EX, and EXP increased the @entity6 of arabinoxylan by 32 ( < 0.001), 28 ( = 0.001), and 24% ( = 0.004), respectively. In addition, EXP increased the @entity6 of noncellulosic polysaccharide @entity1 by 21% compared with the control ( = 0.005). Compared with the control, addition of EX, EXP, and CAX decreased the concentration of soluble arabinoxylan in ileal digesta by 40 ( < 0.0001), 40 ( < 0.0001), and 21% ( = 0.022), respectively. Furthermore, addition of CAX, EXP, and EX increased the concentration of LMW arabinoxylan in ileal digesta by 40 ( = 0.0001), 36 ( = 0.0006), and 24% ( = 0.023), respectively, compared with the control. Addition of EX and EXP decreased the concentration of soluble NSP of ileal digesta by 25 ( = 0.001) and 26% ( < 0.001), respectively, compared with the control diet. Addition of CAX ( < 0.0001) and EXP ( = 0.013) increased the @entity5 -to- @entity7 ratio in the insoluble arabinoxylan fraction in ileal digesta compared with the control diet, and CAX increased the @entity9 -to-xylose ratio of the ileal insoluble NSP fraction ( < 0.0001) compared with the control diet. Enzyme addition did not affect @entity6 of OM, CP, starch, and fat ( > 0.3). In conclusion, addition of xylanases to wDDGS diets increased the ileal digestibility of NSP and generated LMW NDC components in the small intestine of @entity2 but did not affect ileal digestibility of nutrients in the current study.

title: Xylanase increased the ileal digestibility of nonstarch polysaccharides and concentration of low molecular weight nondigestible @entity3 in @entity2 fed high levels of XXXX distillers dried grains with solubles.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted according to @entity2 criteria as a prospective randomized cross-over study. The primary goal of the study was to determine clinical findings and @entity0 satisfaction with postoperative treatment. 29 @entity0 with a @entity1 that was surgically stabilized from volar and who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled over a 12-month period. Each @entity0 randomly received either a dorsal plaster splint or a vacuum-fit flexible but blocked orthosis applied postoperatively in the operating theatre to achieve postoperative immobilization. After one week all @entity0 were crossed over to the complementary device maintaining the immobilization until end of week 2. After week 2 both groups were allowed to exercise wrist mobility with a physiotherapist, in the orthosis group the device was deblocked, thus allowing limited wrist mobility. After week 4 the devices were removed in both groups. Follow-up exams were performed after postoperative weeks 1, 2, 4 and 12. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Results were determined after week 1 and 2 using SF 36 and a personally compiled questionnaire; after weeks 4 and 12 with a clinical check-up, calculation of ROM and the DASH Score. Comparison of the two groups showed a significant difference in ROM for volar flexion after 4 weeks, but no significant differences in DASH Score, duration of disability or x-ray findings. With regard to satisfaction with comfort and hygiene, @entity0 were significantly more satisfied with the dynamic orthosis, and 23 of the 29 @entity0 would prefer the flexible vacuum orthosis in future. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00006097.

title: Early Functional Postoperative Therapy of XXXX with a Dynamic Orthosis: Results of a Prospective Randomized Cross-Over Comparative Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and study aims: European guidelines for quality assurance in @entity1 screening recommend snare resection for @entity3 >5mm. The aim of this study was to investigate polypectomy technique according to lesion size and shape, and to assess adherence of endoscopists enrolled in the national quality assurance program to the European guidelines. @entity0 and methods: This cohort study included screening colonoscopies performed between 2007 and 2013 within a quality assurance program in Austria. Resection technique was analyzed according to lesion characteristics and endoscopy facility (private practices, hospitals, outpatient clinics) before publication of the EU guidelines (2007-2010) and adherence to the guidelines after publication (2011-2013). All surveillance colonoscopies and examinations with missing data were excluded. Results: A total of 128   969 screening colonoscopies performed by 278 endoscopy units were included. The polyp detection rate was 39.6% (n=47   797) and 95.6% of @entity3 were resected. Of @entity3 >= 5mm, 46.0% were resected using forceps and were therefore not treated in accordance with the guidelines. Forceps polypectomy of lesions 5-10mm and >10mm decreased significantly in hospitals after implementation of the guidelines (both P<0.0001). In private practices, there was no difference in forceps usage for @entity3 of 5-10mm (P=0.41) before and after the guidelines, and for @entity3 >10mm forceps usage even increased (P<0.0001). Endoscopists' forceps removal rates for @entity3 >= 5mm correlated significantly with respective @entity2 rates (P=0.0007, r p -0.187) and cecal intubation rates (P=0.0001, r p -0.303). Among endoscopists in private practices, internists had slightly lower forceps removal rates for @entity3 >= 5mm than surgeons, both before (47.2% vs. 50.7%; P=0.014) and after publication of the guidelines (51.9% vs. 53.5%; P=0.161). Conclusions: This study confirmed the importance of the European guidelines. The inclusion of adequate resection technique as a quality indicator in @entity1 screening programs is recommended.

title: Forceps versus snare polypectomies in XXXX screening: are we adhering to the guidelines?

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is associated with @entity6 , but the risk pathways are poorly understood. METHOD: The @entity8 2000 Study is a prospective longitudinal study of the natural history of @entity8 . One hundred and twenty-five UK @entity0 age 0-16 years with @entity8 and born between January 2001 and December 2006 were studied. Intelligence was assessed using standardized measures at >= 2 years of age. The age of onset of @entity4 , the type of @entity4 , the frequency and duration of @entity5 , as well as the response to treatment was assessed at interview and by review of medical records. The severity of @entity4 in the early years was estimated using the E-Chess score. Genetic studies identified the mutations and the number of cortical tubers was determined from brain scans. RESULTS: @entity10 mutations were associated with significantly higher cortical tuber count than @entity9 mutations. The extent of brain involvement, as indexed by cortical tuber count, was associated with an earlier age of onset and severity of @entity4 . In turn, the severity of @entity4 was strongly associated with the degree of @entity1 . Structural equation modelling supported a causal pathway from @entity2 to cortical tuber count to @entity4 severity to intellectual outcome. Infantile @entity7 and @entity3 were important contributors to @entity5 severity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the proposition that severe, early onset @entity4 may impair intellectual development in @entity8 and highlight the potential importance of early, prompt and effective treatment or prevention of @entity4 in @entity8 .

title: Intellectual abilities in XXXX complex: risk factors and correlates from the @entity8 2000 Study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is associated with @entity6 , but the risk pathways are poorly understood. METHOD: The @entity8 2000 Study is a prospective longitudinal study of the natural history of @entity8 . One hundred and twenty-five UK @entity0 age 0-16 years with @entity8 and born between January 2001 and December 2006 were studied. Intelligence was assessed using standardized measures at >= 2 years of age. The age of onset of @entity4 , the type of @entity4 , the frequency and duration of @entity5 , as well as the response to treatment was assessed at interview and by review of medical records. The severity of @entity4 in the early years was estimated using the E-Chess score. Genetic studies identified the mutations and the number of cortical tubers was determined from brain scans. RESULTS: @entity10 mutations were associated with significantly higher cortical tuber count than @entity9 mutations. The extent of brain involvement, as indexed by cortical tuber count, was associated with an earlier age of onset and severity of @entity4 . In turn, the severity of @entity4 was strongly associated with the degree of @entity1 . Structural equation modelling supported a causal pathway from @entity2 to cortical tuber count to @entity4 severity to intellectual outcome. Infantile @entity7 and @entity3 were important contributors to @entity5 severity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the proposition that severe, early onset @entity4 may impair intellectual development in @entity8 and highlight the potential importance of early, prompt and effective treatment or prevention of @entity4 in @entity8 .

title: Intellectual abilities in @entity8 complex: risk factors and correlates from the XXXX 2000 Study.

answer: @entity8