abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) support axon regeneration across artificial nerve bridges but their differentiative capacity and ability to promote nerve regeneration remains unclear. In this study, MSCs isolated from bone marrow of @entity0 were characterized by plastic adherence and pluripotency towards mesodermal lineages. Isolated undifferentiated MSCs (uMSCs) were stimulated towards a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) phenotype using specific growth factors, and cell marker analysis was performed to verify @entity1 phenotype in vitro. Differentiation resulted in temporally dependent positive immunocytochemical staining for the @entity1 markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100, and @entity2 ( @entity2 ), with maximal marker expression achieved after 6days of treatment with differentiation media. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that ~50% of differentiated MSCs (dMSCs) have a @entity1 phenotype. Using an indirect co-culture system, we compared the ability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells to extend neurites in indirect contact with uMSCs and dMSCs as compared to SCs. The mean values of the longest length of the DRG neurites were the same for the dMSCs and SCs and significantly higher than the uMSC and DRG mono-culture systems (p < 0.05). In vivo, compared to an empty conduit, @entity3 seeded collagen nerve conduits resulted in a greater number of sciatic motoneurons regenerating axons through the conduit into the distal nerve stump. We conclude that bone marrow-derived MSCs differentiate into a @entity1 -phenotype that expresses @entity1 markers transiently and sufficiently to support limited neurite outgrowth in vitro and axonal regeneration equivalent to that of SCs in vitro and in vivo. The nerve autograft remains the most effective conduit for supporting regeneration across nerve gaps.

title: Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to support peripheral nerve regeneration in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the field of @entity3 prevention, the public ask to be involved more actively in scientific research and in the production of knowledge. This is leading to an increase of participatory projects in the field of epidemiology. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has received considerable attention in the past 15 years; it is becoming a recognized and important approach in addressing health disparities in @entity3 prevention. The increasing accessibility of new methods of comparison, discussion and information allows to link a large number of @entity1 . The project DianaWeb was born in 2015 at the Department of Predictive Medicine and Prevention of the National @entity3 Institute, Milan. This CBPR involves @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity0 ( @entity0 ). DianaWeb communications are based on an interactive online platform developed "ad hoc" (www.dianaweb.org). With very few exceptions, all communication between @entity1 and research team will be on the web. The recruitment is done through Internet, hospitals, physicians, media and @entity4 . @entity1 can join the project independently, under the control of researchers and the aim of the study is to assess whether healthy eating and regular physical activity can improve the quality of life and increase survival rates in @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity0 . About 50,000 Italian @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity0 with or without @entity2 , local recurrence or second @entity3 ; with in situ or invasive @entity3 , whatever the disease stage at diagnosis, whatever histological diagnosis, whatever the time elapsed since diagnosis should be recruited in the DianaWeb project. The volunteers are asked to send clinical information about their condition from diagnosis onwards, on their weight and other anthropometric measures, lifestyles and nutrition through online questionnaires. Moreover, the @entity1 enrolled in the study, after login, can access evidence-based information and results obtained during the project (individual and whole community data). Volunteers can also contribute to the growth of knowledge about lifestyles to be adopted by sharing recipes, movement strategies, how to manage the change in daily practice, which will be judged by the researchers to verify the compliance with the recommendations provided before networking.

title: [DianaWeb: a demonstration project to improve XXXX prognosis through lifestyles].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a common @entity2 affecting soft tissues of the body, especially of the extremities or trunk. Prognosis of the abdominal @entity3 is usually poor. CASE PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old female presented to our surgical outpatient clinic with a lower @entity1 that had been gradually increasing in size. Clinical examination revealed a firm, irregularly surfaced, fixed, painless, @entity0 -head-sized @entity1 located in her lower abdomen. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen revealed a @entity1 at the lower abdomen which was 15   13   11 cm in diameter and encased the colorectum to the left back side. A barium enema and a colonoscopy showed direct invasion to the rectum. In 2001, the @entity1 had been excised along with a low anterior resection of the rectum because of direct invasion. The origin of this @entity1 was the mesorectum. The weight of the excised @entity1 was 1,500 g, including 800 ml of a brown fluid. A histopathological diagnosis revealed a common type of @entity3 , in which mitotic figures are frequently seen. CONCLUSION: This @entity0 has survived without recurrence, for approximately 8 years since the completed @entity1 resection. It is important to obtain a complete resection during the @entity3 treatment.

title: XXXX originating from the mesorectum: a case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to determine the efficacy of a management algorithm that includes @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 with limb-threatening @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five @entity0 were treated with @entity3 between 2006 and 2008. After emergent abscess evacuation, early vascular intervention was performed if necessary. Debridement, with or without partial foot amputation, was followed by @entity3 . Wound progress was measured using a digital scanner. A limb was considered salvaged if complete healing was achieved without any or with minor amputation through or below the ankle. The mean followup after complete wound healing was 17 (range, 6 to 35) months. RESULTS: Thirty-two cases (71%) were infected with two or more organisms. Negative pressure wound therapy was applied for 26.2  14.3 days. The median time to achieve more than 75% wound area granulation was 23 (range, 4 to 55) days and 104 (range, 38 to 255) days to complete wound healing. Successful limb salvage was achieved in 44 cases (98%); 14 (31%) without any amputation and 30 (67%) with partial foot amputations. Total number of operations per limb was 2.4  1.3. One case of repeated @entity2 and @entity1 was managed with a transtibial amputation. There were no complications associated with @entity3 . CONCLUSION: This study provides the outcome of a management algorithm which includes @entity3 in salvaging severely infected @entity0 . With emergent evacuation of abscess, early vascular intervention and appropriate debridement, @entity3 can be a useful adjunct to the management of limb-threatening @entity0 .

title: Limb salvage in severe XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of a newly designed computer-assisted treatment (C- @entity1 ) program, My Sentence Builder, for the remediation of expressive-grammar deficits in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was explored. This program was specifically designed with features to directly address expressive-grammar difficulties, thought to be associated with hypothesized @entity2 (VWM). METHOD: Thirty-four preschoolers with deficits in expressive-grammar morphology participated. Using the randomization procedure of consecutive sampling, @entity0 were recruited. Twenty-two @entity0 were consecutively assigned to one of two treatment groups, C- @entity1 or non C- @entity1 (nC- @entity1 ). The nC- @entity1 utilized conventional language stimulation procedures containing features which have been traditionally used to address expressive-grammar deficits. A group of equivalent @entity0 awaiting treatment and chosen from the same sample of @entity0 as the treatment @entity0 served as a control group. Blind assessments of outcomes were completed pre-, post-, and 3-months post-treatment in a formal and informal context. RESULTS: C- @entity1 and nC- @entity1 @entity0 significantly outperformed controls pre-to-post to 3-months post-treatment in both assessment contexts. No significant differences in treatment gains were found between C- @entity1 and nC- @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Results suggested that treatments designed to directly address expressive-grammar deficits were better than no treatment for preschool @entity3 . Further, use of a C- @entity1 program may be another feasible treatment method for this disorder population. LEARNING OUTCOMES: As a result of this activity, the reader will recognize that: (1) expressive-grammar treatment is better than no treatment for immediate and continued language growth, (2) use of a C- @entity1 program containing specific features designed to directly address expressive-grammar deficits is another viable, but not necessarily a better treatment option for the remediation of expressive-grammar deficits in preschool @entity0 with @entity3 , and (3) different outcome contexts yield distinct yet equally important findings about growth in @entity0 's expressive-grammar skills with treatment.

title: Exploring the outcomes of a novel computer-assisted treatment program targeting expressive-grammar deficits in preschoolers with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are at risk for exposure to and possible transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases. Maintenance of immunity is an essential prevention practice for @entity2 . We assessed the recent @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity1 vaccination coverage among @entity2 in the United States. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2007 National Immunization Survey-Adult restricted to survey respondents aged 18 to 64  years. Influenza, @entity4 , and @entity1 vaccination coverage levels among @entity2 were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess factors independently associated with receipt of vaccination among @entity2 . RESULTS: Among @entity2 aged 18 to 64 years, 46.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 39.6%-53.8%) had received @entity3 vaccination for the 2006-2007 season, and 70.4% (95% CI: 63.9%-76.1%) received @entity1 vaccination in the past 10 years; 61.7% (95% CI: 52.5%-70.2%) had received 3 or more doses of @entity4 vaccination among @entity2 aged 18 to 49 years. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that being married was associated with @entity3 vaccination coverage, higher education level was associated with @entity4 vaccination coverage, and younger age was significantly associated with @entity1 vaccination among @entity2 . Among those @entity2 who did not receive @entity3 vaccination, the most common reason reported was respondent concerns about vaccine safety and adverse effects. CONCLUSION: By 2007, @entity3 and @entity4 vaccination coverage among @entity2 remained well below the Healthy @entity0 2010 objectives. @entity1 vaccination level was 70%, and this study provided a baseline data for @entity1 vaccination among @entity2 . Innovative strategies are needed to further increase vaccination coverage among @entity2 .

title: Influenza, @entity4 , and XXXX vaccination coverage among health care personnel in the United States.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are at risk for exposure to and possible transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases. Maintenance of immunity is an essential prevention practice for @entity2 . We assessed the recent @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity1 vaccination coverage among @entity2 in the United States. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2007 National Immunization Survey-Adult restricted to survey respondents aged 18 to 64  years. Influenza, @entity4 , and @entity1 vaccination coverage levels among @entity2 were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess factors independently associated with receipt of vaccination among @entity2 . RESULTS: Among @entity2 aged 18 to 64 years, 46.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 39.6%-53.8%) had received @entity3 vaccination for the 2006-2007 season, and 70.4% (95% CI: 63.9%-76.1%) received @entity1 vaccination in the past 10 years; 61.7% (95% CI: 52.5%-70.2%) had received 3 or more doses of @entity4 vaccination among @entity2 aged 18 to 49 years. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that being married was associated with @entity3 vaccination coverage, higher education level was associated with @entity4 vaccination coverage, and younger age was significantly associated with @entity1 vaccination among @entity2 . Among those @entity2 who did not receive @entity3 vaccination, the most common reason reported was respondent concerns about vaccine safety and adverse effects. CONCLUSION: By 2007, @entity3 and @entity4 vaccination coverage among @entity2 remained well below the Healthy @entity0 2010 objectives. @entity1 vaccination level was 70%, and this study provided a baseline data for @entity1 vaccination among @entity2 . Innovative strategies are needed to further increase vaccination coverage among @entity2 .

title: Influenza, XXXX , and @entity1 vaccination coverage among health care personnel in the United States.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Three cases of @entity4 associated with @entity7 are reported. All of the @entity0 were successfully treated by various combinations of cardiac surgery, neurosurgery and chemotherapy with antibiotics. Case 1: A 39-year-old female was admitted with the complaint of sudden onset of severe @entity1 following persistent @entity2 of @entity9 's duration. CT scan revealed a left frontal old @entity8 and angiography detected an @entity5 located in the frontal ascending branch of the left middle cerebral artery. After 2 weeks' antibiotic therapy, the second angiography showed the @entity5 to be decreased in size. The third angiography, performed 2 weeks after @entity3 for @entity7 , demonstrated complete resolution of the @entity5 . Case 2: A 19-year-old male entered hospital with high @entity2 and chills. In addition to @entity7 , CT scan and angiography revealed an @entity5 arising from the distal portion of the left posterior cerebral artery. The @entity0 was treated with high dose antibiotics and then his general condition improved. However, angiography examined 4 weeks after the initial study demonstrated the @entity5 to be apparently enlarged. Therefore, the @entity5 was excised before cardiac surgery. Repeated angiography after valve replacement showed no further @entity5 . Case 3: A 30-year-old female was admitted on the diagnosis of @entity7 and @entity6 . CT scan showed abnormal density areas in the right frontal lobe and the left temporal lobe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Bacterial XXXX associated with infectious endocarditis--report of 3 cases].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The case is reported of a sixty-four-year-old @entity0 with DeBakey type I aortic dissection in whom postoperative extensive intra-aortic balloon pumping was applied. Surgical repair involved replacing the ascending aorta with a Medtronic Hall valved conduit. After surgery severe @entity2 occurred. Despite the use of high-dose inotropic drugs the @entity0 could not be hemodynamically stabilized. An intra-aortic balloon pump was finally applied as a therapeutical last resort. Within three days, under counterpulsation, the @entity0 reached a stable hemodynamic condition. After twenty-one days in the intensive care unit, he could be transferred to a normal ward. The @entity0 was discharged on the fifty-fourth postoperative day. During counterpulsation there were no balloon- or catheter-induced complications. Follow-up at five months showed the @entity0 in good general health: echocardiography did not identify any lesions of the thoracic aorta which could be linked to counter-pulsation. It is concluded that the postoperative use of intra-aortic balloon pump in the event of DeBakey type I dissecting @entity1 of the aorta, and adversely affected @entity0 hemodynamics, is a justifiable therapeutical alternative.

title: The use of intra-aortic balloon pump after surgical treatment of DeBakey type I dissecting XXXX of the aorta.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of evacuation of spontaneous @entity1 with double targets-single channel and multiaxial stereotaxis. Methods: Thirty-four @entity0 with @entity4 , who underwent @entity3 evacuation with the method of double targets-single channel between January 2014 and November 2014 in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, were included in the study. We classified the @entity3 into four types based on the principle of double targets-single channel calculation method (DTSC). And the appropriate stereotactic surgery path and operation opportunity were designed individually according to the @entity3 volume and mass effect. Twenty-seven @entity0 with @entity1 who underwent @entity3 evacuation with the method of single targets-single channel between January 2013 and November 2014 were selected as single target group. Results: Volumes of initial @entity3 in DTSC and single target groups were(38.6  19.2)mL and(40.1  18.1)mL, respectively. Initial Glasgow @entity2 Scale were 9.6  3.2 (3~15) and 9.1  2.9(3~13) (all P >0.05). Residual volume of @entity3 and clearance ratio were (11.1  4.2) mL and(73.1  5.4)% in DTSC group and (18.5  5.3) mL and(55.1  5.1)% in single target group by CT scan 24 h after operation(all P <0.05). There was no significant difference in Glasgow Outcome Scale between two groups in one-month follow-up. Average length of postoperative stay of two groups were(12.6  9.8)d and (14.2  7.1)d, respectively.Conclusion: Evacuation of spontaneous supratentorial @entity4 with DTSC and multi-axial stereotaxis can increase clearance ratio remarkably and decrease average length of stay.

title: [Evacuation of spontaneous supratentorial XXXX with double targets-single channel and multiaxial stereotaxis].

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pathology driving b-cell loss in @entity0 is poorly defined. Chronic subclinical @entity2 is associated with b-cell dysfunction. Acute in vitro exposure of islets and b-cells to an inflammatory cytokine cocktail ( @entity3 / @entity4 /IFN-y) results in loss of cell function and viability. The contribution of each cytokine alone or in combination has been evaluated in homogeneous @entity1 b-cell lines and primary @entity1 islets. Cytokine cooperation is required for b-cell apoptosis with the most potent combinations including @entity3 . Single cytokine exposure did not induce b-cell apoptosis. Expression of endogenous interleukin-12 in b-cells correlated with inflammatory cytokine combinations that induced b-cell apoptosis. Uncoupling of the IL-12 @entity5 by a block of IL-12 production, inhibition of IL-12 receptor/ligand interaction or disruption of IL-12 receptor signaling conferred protection to b-cells from apoptosis induced by inflammatory cytokine stimulation. Signaling through @entity6 is indicated since disruption of IL-12 concomitantly reduced inflammatory cytokine stimulation of endogenous IFN-y expression. Primary @entity1 islets isolated from @entity1 deficient in @entity6 show resistance to inflammatory-cytokine-induced cell death when compared to islets isolated from wild type @entity1 . Collectively, the data identify IL-12 as an important mediator of @entity2 induced b-cell apoptosis. Modulation of IL-12/ @entity6 signaling may be a valuable therapeutic strategy to preserve islet/b-cell viability in established @entity0 .

title: Interleukin-12 (IL-12)/ XXXX Axis Is an Important Element for b-Cell Dysfunction Induced by Inflammatory Cytokines.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity0 receiving @entity2 -related thoracotomy are highly symptomatic in the first weeks after surgery. This study examined whether at-home symptom monitoring plus feedback to clinicians about severe symptoms contributes to more effective postoperative symptom control. @entity0 AND METHODS: We enrolled 100 @entity0 receiving thoracotomy for @entity1 or lung metastasis in a two-arm randomized controlled trial; 79 @entity0 completed the study. After hospital discharge, @entity0 rated symptoms twice weekly for 4 weeks via automated telephone calls. For intervention group @entity0 , an e-mail alert was forwarded to the @entity0 's clinical team for response if any of a @entity4 ( @entity3 , disturbed sleep, distress, @entity6 , or @entity5 ) reached a predetermined severity threshold. No alerts were generated for controls. Group differences in symptom threshold events were examined by generalized estimating equation modeling. RESULTS: The intervention group experienced greater reduction in symptom threshold events than did controls (19% @entity7 , respectively) and a more rapid decline in symptom threshold events. The difference in average reduction in symptom interference between groups was -0.36 (SE, 0.078; P = .02). Clinicians responded to 84% of e-mail alerts. Both groups reported equally high satisfaction with the automated system and with postoperative symptom control. CONCLUSION: Frequent symptom monitoring with alerts to clinicians when symptoms became moderate or severe reduced symptom severity during the 4 weeks after thoracic surgery. Methods of automated symptom monitoring and triage may improve symptom control after major @entity2 surgery. These results should be confirmed in a larger study.

title: Automated symptom alerts reduce postoperative symptom severity after XXXX surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To gain further insight into a possible role of biomechanical cues in @entity1 , the authors assessed the influence of extracellular matrix (ECM) elasticity on @entity11 -induced changes in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. METHODS: @entity0 TM cells derived from donor cornea rings were plated on rigid collagen-coated tissue culture plastic or @entity7 gels of different elasticity and treated with vehicle or @entity11 . Activation of @entity13 , @entity8 , and AKT signaling and expression of @entity3 and @entity4 proteins were assessed by Western blot analysis. Subcellular localization of @entity3 was determined by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Transcription of collagen-I, -IV, and -VI, @entity3 , @entity4 , fibronectin, @entity10 , cochlin, and MGP-1 was studied by RT-qPCR. The contribution of non-Smad signaling pathways to @entity6 -induced @entity3 and @entity4 expression was assessed using the small molecule inhibitors @entity9 and @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity11 -induced activation of @entity13 , @entity8 , and AKT signaling as well as expression of collagen-1, @entity3 , fibulin, and MGP-1 were attenuated with increasing elasticity. In contrast, @entity11 -induced collagen-6, fibronectin, @entity4 , and cochlin expression were enhanced on elastic substrates. The MEK-inhibitor @entity9 blocked @entity6 -induced @entity4 expression, whereas @entity3 expression was enhanced. @entity12 inhibition with @entity5 reduced @entity3 expression. CONCLUSIONS: ECM elasticity modulates @entity6 -induced signaling and protein expression in @entity0 TM cells. Non-Smad signaling contributes to @entity6 -induced alterations. Increasing ECM elasticity in vitro promotes protein expression patterns reminiscent of patterns reported in primary @entity2 . Therefore, changes in TM elasticity and mechanical load may have a significant role in primary @entity2 .

title: Elasticity-dependent modulation of XXXX responses in @entity0 trabecular meshwork cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To gain further insight into a possible role of biomechanical cues in @entity1 , the authors assessed the influence of extracellular matrix (ECM) elasticity on @entity11 -induced changes in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. METHODS: @entity0 TM cells derived from donor cornea rings were plated on rigid collagen-coated tissue culture plastic or @entity7 gels of different elasticity and treated with vehicle or @entity11 . Activation of @entity13 , @entity8 , and AKT signaling and expression of @entity3 and @entity4 proteins were assessed by Western blot analysis. Subcellular localization of @entity3 was determined by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Transcription of collagen-I, -IV, and -VI, @entity3 , @entity4 , fibronectin, @entity10 , cochlin, and MGP-1 was studied by RT-qPCR. The contribution of non-Smad signaling pathways to @entity6 -induced @entity3 and @entity4 expression was assessed using the small molecule inhibitors @entity9 and @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity11 -induced activation of @entity13 , @entity8 , and AKT signaling as well as expression of collagen-1, @entity3 , fibulin, and MGP-1 were attenuated with increasing elasticity. In contrast, @entity11 -induced collagen-6, fibronectin, @entity4 , and cochlin expression were enhanced on elastic substrates. The MEK-inhibitor @entity9 blocked @entity6 -induced @entity4 expression, whereas @entity3 expression was enhanced. @entity12 inhibition with @entity5 reduced @entity3 expression. CONCLUSIONS: ECM elasticity modulates @entity6 -induced signaling and protein expression in @entity0 TM cells. Non-Smad signaling contributes to @entity6 -induced alterations. Increasing ECM elasticity in vitro promotes protein expression patterns reminiscent of patterns reported in primary @entity2 . Therefore, changes in TM elasticity and mechanical load may have a significant role in primary @entity2 .

title: Elasticity-dependent modulation of @entity6 responses in XXXX trabecular meshwork cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Increased immunoreactivity (IR) of beta-amyloid and the amyloid-associated proteins tau and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the brain have been linked to the pathogenesis of @entity1 such as @entity2 . However, the expression of these proteins has not been investigated in the normal or diseased @entity0 retina. METHODS: Using immunohistochemical techniques, we examined the distribution and age-related changes of anti-tau-1, anti-tau-2, anti- @entity3 , and anti-beta-amyloid IR in the @entity0 retina at various ages (n = 24), in @entity7 ( @entity7 , n = 6), and in @entity5 ( @entity5 , n = 10). RESULTS: Tau-1 immunoreactivity was intense in the inner retinal layers and did not change with age or in @entity7 . Eyes with @entity5 showed less intense staining but exhibited a similar distribution. Tau-2 IR was faint and did not change with age but was mildly increased in the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of eyes with @entity7 with @entity5 . @entity3 IR was most prominent in the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layer, and it appeared to increase in ganglion cells of older @entity0 and in @entity4 cells of eyes with @entity7 and @entity5 . Beta-amyloid IR was only detected focally in sub- @entity4 deposits in eyes from older @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The proteins investigated in this study are present in the @entity0 retina. The staining pattern of tau is different from the brain, but it shows no age-related changes. The increased immunoreactivity of @entity3 in @entity4 and in @entity4 cells of eyes with @entity7 and @entity5 , as well as the patchy staining of beta-amyloid within sub- @entity4 deposits, might indicate a relationship of these proteins to retinal aging and possibly to @entity6 in @entity7 .

title: Immunoreactivity against tau, XXXX , and beta-amyloid in the @entity0 retina.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Increased immunoreactivity (IR) of beta-amyloid and the amyloid-associated proteins tau and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the brain have been linked to the pathogenesis of @entity1 such as @entity2 . However, the expression of these proteins has not been investigated in the normal or diseased @entity0 retina. METHODS: Using immunohistochemical techniques, we examined the distribution and age-related changes of anti-tau-1, anti-tau-2, anti- @entity3 , and anti-beta-amyloid IR in the @entity0 retina at various ages (n = 24), in @entity7 ( @entity7 , n = 6), and in @entity5 ( @entity5 , n = 10). RESULTS: Tau-1 immunoreactivity was intense in the inner retinal layers and did not change with age or in @entity7 . Eyes with @entity5 showed less intense staining but exhibited a similar distribution. Tau-2 IR was faint and did not change with age but was mildly increased in the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of eyes with @entity7 with @entity5 . @entity3 IR was most prominent in the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layer, and it appeared to increase in ganglion cells of older @entity0 and in @entity4 cells of eyes with @entity7 and @entity5 . Beta-amyloid IR was only detected focally in sub- @entity4 deposits in eyes from older @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The proteins investigated in this study are present in the @entity0 retina. The staining pattern of tau is different from the brain, but it shows no age-related changes. The increased immunoreactivity of @entity3 in @entity4 and in @entity4 cells of eyes with @entity7 and @entity5 , as well as the patchy staining of beta-amyloid within sub- @entity4 deposits, might indicate a relationship of these proteins to retinal aging and possibly to @entity6 in @entity7 .

title: Immunoreactivity against tau, @entity3 , and beta-amyloid in the XXXX retina.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 2 million cases of @entity3 are diagnosed annually in the United States, and @entity1 incidence is increasing. PURPOSE: To assist the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force in updating its 2003 recommendation on behavioral counseling to prevent @entity3 . DATA SOURCES: Existing systematic reviews, database searches through February 2010, and outside experts. STUDY SELECTION: English-language, primary care-relevant counseling trials to promote sun-protective behaviors and studies examining the association between sun-protective behaviors and @entity3 outcomes or potential adverse effects were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Each study was appraised by using design-specific quality criteria. Important study details were abstracted into evidence tables. DATA SYNTHESIS: 11 fair- or good-quality, randomized, controlled trials examined the counseling interventions' effect on sun-protective behaviors. In young @entity0 , appearance-focused behavioral interventions decrease indoor tanning and ultraviolet exposure. In young adolescents, computer support can decrease midday sun exposure and increase sunscreen use. Thirty-five mainly fair-quality observational studies examined the relationship between ultraviolet exposure or sunscreen use and @entity3 . Increasing intermittent sun exposure in childhood is associated with an increased risk for @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity1 . Evidence suggests that regular or early use of indoor tanning may increase @entity1 risk. On the basis of 1 fair-quality trial, regular sunscreen use can prevent @entity2 , but it is yet unclear if it can prevent @entity4 or @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: There are limited rigorous counseling trials. Observational studies are limited by the complexity of measuring ultraviolet exposure and sunscreen use, and inadequate adjustment for important confounders. CONCLUSION: Randomized, controlled trials suggest that primary care-relevant counseling can increase sun-protective behaviors and decrease indoor tanning.

title: Behavioral counseling to prevent XXXX : a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to be a small stem cell-like cell population which appears to drive tumorigenesis, @entity1 recurrence and @entity0 . Thus, identification and characterization of CSCs may be critical to defining effective anticancer therapies. In @entity3 ( @entity3 ), the @entity6 (+) cell population appears to have stem cell-like properties including being tumorigenic. The enzyme @entity4 dehydrogenase (ALDH) has been found to identify hematopoietic stem cells and our aim was to determine the utility of ALDH activity and @entity6 in identifying @entity3 stem cell-like cells in @entity3 cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LNCaP cells and PC-3 cells were sorted based on their expression of @entity6 and ALDH activity. The cell populations were investigated using colony-forming assays, invasion assays, sphere formation experiments in a non-adherent environment and 3-D Matrigel matrix culture to observe the in vitro stem-cell like properties. Different sorted cell populations were injected subcutaneously into NOD/ @entity5 @entity2 to determine the corresponding tumorigenic capacities. RESULTS: ALDH(hi) @entity6 (+) cells exhibit a higher proliferative, clonogenic and metastatic capacity in vitro and demonstrate higher tumorigenicity capacity in vivo than did ALDH(lo) @entity6 (-) cells. The @entity1 recapitulated the population of the original cell line. However, ALDHlo @entity6 (-) cells were able to develop @entity1 , albeit with longer latency periods. CONCLUSION: ALDH activity and @entity6 do not appear to identify @entity3 stem cells; however, they do indicate increased tumorigenic and metastatic potential, indicating their potential importance for further exploration.

title: ALDH activity indicates increased tumorigenic cells, but not @entity1 stem cells, in XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to be a small stem cell-like cell population which appears to drive tumorigenesis, @entity1 recurrence and @entity0 . Thus, identification and characterization of CSCs may be critical to defining effective anticancer therapies. In @entity3 ( @entity3 ), the @entity6 (+) cell population appears to have stem cell-like properties including being tumorigenic. The enzyme @entity4 dehydrogenase (ALDH) has been found to identify hematopoietic stem cells and our aim was to determine the utility of ALDH activity and @entity6 in identifying @entity3 stem cell-like cells in @entity3 cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LNCaP cells and PC-3 cells were sorted based on their expression of @entity6 and ALDH activity. The cell populations were investigated using colony-forming assays, invasion assays, sphere formation experiments in a non-adherent environment and 3-D Matrigel matrix culture to observe the in vitro stem-cell like properties. Different sorted cell populations were injected subcutaneously into NOD/ @entity5 @entity2 to determine the corresponding tumorigenic capacities. RESULTS: ALDH(hi) @entity6 (+) cells exhibit a higher proliferative, clonogenic and metastatic capacity in vitro and demonstrate higher tumorigenicity capacity in vivo than did ALDH(lo) @entity6 (-) cells. The @entity1 recapitulated the population of the original cell line. However, ALDHlo @entity6 (-) cells were able to develop @entity1 , albeit with longer latency periods. CONCLUSION: ALDH activity and @entity6 do not appear to identify @entity3 stem cells; however, they do indicate increased tumorigenic and metastatic potential, indicating their potential importance for further exploration.

title: ALDH activity indicates increased tumorigenic cells, but not XXXX stem cells, in @entity3 cell lines.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term follow-up results of @entity0 with branch duct @entity4 (BD-IPMNs) without mural nodules (MNs) at 10 representative institutions in Japan. METHODS: We analyzed 349 follow-up BD-IPMN @entity0 who had no MNs on endoscopic ultrasonography at initial diagnosis. RESULTS: Observation periods ranged from 1 to 16.3 years (median, 3.7 years). Sixty-two (17.8%) @entity0 exhibited disease progression during follow-up. Twenty-two underwent surgery, leading to a pathological diagnosis of @entity1 in 9 and @entity2 in 13. Although the remaining 287 (82.2%) showed no changes, 7 underwent surgery because of symptoms (n = 2), choice (n = 2), or development of @entity3 (n = 3); all of them were diagnosed pathologically as @entity2 . Of the 29 @entity0 undergoing surgery, all 9 with @entity1 exhibited signs of progression, such as increased main pancreatic duct diameter and/or appearance of MNs. @entity3 and additional BD-IPMNs developed in 7 (2.0%) and 13 (3.7%), respectively. Overall, 320 (91.7%) @entity0 were followed without surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Most BD-IPMN @entity0 who had no MNs on endoscopic ultrasonography could be managed without surgery. However, careful attention should be paid to disease progression and the development of @entity3 during follow-up.

title: Natural history of branch duct XXXX of the pancreas: a multicenter study in Japan.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Both a low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and @entity2 are known risk factors for @entity1 ( @entity1 ). To determine their joint contribution to @entity1 and other kidney outcomes, we performed a meta-analysis of nine general population cohorts with 845,125 @entity0 and an additional eight cohorts with 173,892 @entity0 , the latter selected because of their high risk for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In the general population, the risk for @entity1 was unrelated to eGFR at values between 75 and 105 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) but increased exponentially at lower levels. Hazard ratios for eGFRs averaging 60, 45, and 15 were 4, 29, and 454, respectively, compared with an eGFR of 95, after adjustment for @entity2 and cardiovascular risk factors. Log @entity2 was linearly associated with log @entity1 risk without thresholds. Adjusted hazard ratios at albumin-to- @entity5 ratios of 30, 300, and 1000 mg/g were 5, 13, and 28, respectively, compared with an albumin-to- @entity5 ratio of 5. @entity2 and eGFR were associated with @entity1 , without evidence for multiplicative interaction. Similar associations were found for @entity4 and progressive @entity3 . In high-risk cohorts, the findings were generally comparable. Thus, lower eGFR and higher @entity2 are risk factors for @entity1 , @entity4 and progressive @entity3 in both general and high-risk populations, independent of each other and of cardiovascular risk factors.

title: Lower estimated GFR and higher XXXX are associated with adverse kidney outcomes. A collaborative meta-analysis of general and high-risk population cohorts.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 @entity1 is frequently associated with elevated plasma @entity4 and @entity2 concentrations and reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity2 , abnormalities that commonly revert to normal levels with @entity3 . This study was undertaken to examine possible mechanism(s) associated with the changes in plasma HDL @entity2 concentrations in massively @entity1 @entity0 after @entity3 . Ten massively @entity1 @entity0 (two @entity0 and eight @entity0 , age = 37.8 +/- 2.4 years) were studied before, during, and after 1 year of @entity3 and weight maintenance following gastric stapling. Total @entity2 and low density lipoprotein @entity2 were within the normal range for sex and age before @entity3 and did not change significantly during or after @entity3 . In the females, HDL @entity2 concentrations increased from 0.96 +/- 0.06 mmol/L to 1.23 +/- 0.3 mmol/L (mean +/- SEM, n = 8, P less than .05) with @entity3 . In the two @entity0 , plasma HDL @entity2 concentrations were, respectively, 1.22 and 0.65 mmol/L before and 1.23 and 0.98 mmol/L after @entity3 . Specific binding of 125I- @entity5 and 125I- @entity6 to purified plasma membranes was determined using abdominal and omental fat depot before and after @entity3 in six of the ten @entity1 @entity0 . An average reduction of 30% to 40% in 125I- @entity5 and 125I- @entity6 binding capacity to these membranes occurred after @entity3 . Furthermore, a positive correlation (r = .65, n = 10, P less than .05) was observed between plasma HDL @entity2 and @entity4 concentrations before @entity3 but not after @entity3 (r = .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Weight loss in massive XXXX : reciprocal changes in plasma HDL @entity2 and HDL binding to @entity0 adipocyte plasma membranes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 @entity1 is frequently associated with elevated plasma @entity4 and @entity2 concentrations and reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity2 , abnormalities that commonly revert to normal levels with @entity3 . This study was undertaken to examine possible mechanism(s) associated with the changes in plasma HDL @entity2 concentrations in massively @entity1 @entity0 after @entity3 . Ten massively @entity1 @entity0 (two @entity0 and eight @entity0 , age = 37.8 +/- 2.4 years) were studied before, during, and after 1 year of @entity3 and weight maintenance following gastric stapling. Total @entity2 and low density lipoprotein @entity2 were within the normal range for sex and age before @entity3 and did not change significantly during or after @entity3 . In the females, HDL @entity2 concentrations increased from 0.96 +/- 0.06 mmol/L to 1.23 +/- 0.3 mmol/L (mean +/- SEM, n = 8, P less than .05) with @entity3 . In the two @entity0 , plasma HDL @entity2 concentrations were, respectively, 1.22 and 0.65 mmol/L before and 1.23 and 0.98 mmol/L after @entity3 . Specific binding of 125I- @entity5 and 125I- @entity6 to purified plasma membranes was determined using abdominal and omental fat depot before and after @entity3 in six of the ten @entity1 @entity0 . An average reduction of 30% to 40% in 125I- @entity5 and 125I- @entity6 binding capacity to these membranes occurred after @entity3 . Furthermore, a positive correlation (r = .65, n = 10, P less than .05) was observed between plasma HDL @entity2 and @entity4 concentrations before @entity3 but not after @entity3 (r = .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Weight loss in massive @entity1 : reciprocal changes in plasma HDL XXXX and HDL binding to @entity0 adipocyte plasma membranes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 @entity1 is frequently associated with elevated plasma @entity4 and @entity2 concentrations and reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity2 , abnormalities that commonly revert to normal levels with @entity3 . This study was undertaken to examine possible mechanism(s) associated with the changes in plasma HDL @entity2 concentrations in massively @entity1 @entity0 after @entity3 . Ten massively @entity1 @entity0 (two @entity0 and eight @entity0 , age = 37.8 +/- 2.4 years) were studied before, during, and after 1 year of @entity3 and weight maintenance following gastric stapling. Total @entity2 and low density lipoprotein @entity2 were within the normal range for sex and age before @entity3 and did not change significantly during or after @entity3 . In the females, HDL @entity2 concentrations increased from 0.96 +/- 0.06 mmol/L to 1.23 +/- 0.3 mmol/L (mean +/- SEM, n = 8, P less than .05) with @entity3 . In the two @entity0 , plasma HDL @entity2 concentrations were, respectively, 1.22 and 0.65 mmol/L before and 1.23 and 0.98 mmol/L after @entity3 . Specific binding of 125I- @entity5 and 125I- @entity6 to purified plasma membranes was determined using abdominal and omental fat depot before and after @entity3 in six of the ten @entity1 @entity0 . An average reduction of 30% to 40% in 125I- @entity5 and 125I- @entity6 binding capacity to these membranes occurred after @entity3 . Furthermore, a positive correlation (r = .65, n = 10, P less than .05) was observed between plasma HDL @entity2 and @entity4 concentrations before @entity3 but not after @entity3 (r = .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Weight loss in massive @entity1 : reciprocal changes in plasma HDL @entity2 and HDL binding to XXXX adipocyte plasma membranes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity with its associated medical, psychological, social, and economic complications is considered a chronic, @entity3 . Given the magnitude of the challenge @entity2 , there is a clear need for preventive as well as therapeutic measures and strategies on an individual and a public health level. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this health technology assessment (HTA)-report is to summarise the current literature on bariatric surgery, to evaluate their medical effectiveness/efficacy and cost-effectiveness as well as the ethical, social and legal implications of these procedures in comparison to conventional therapies and compared to each other. METHODS: Relevant publications are identified by means of a structured search of databases accessed on 13.11.2006 and an update conducted on 12.11.2007. In addition, a manual search of identified reference lists is conducted. The present report includes German and English literature published since 2001 and targeting adult subjects with morbid @entity2 (body mass index (BMI) >=40 kg/m   or BMI >=35 kg/m   with severe comorbidities). The methodological quality of studies included is assessed according to pre-defined quality criteria by two independent scientists. RESULTS: Among 5910 retrieved publications, 25 medical articles, as well as seven health economic studies meet the inclusion criteria. The medical studies show a superior @entity4 following bariatric surgery compared to conventional therapy. Malabsorptive procedures lead to a more profound @entity4 than purely restrictive procedures. Weight reduction in general is accompanied by a reduced frequency of comorbidities (mostly @entity5 ). The evidence is not sufficient to quantify these effects for individual procedures or to assess long-term outcomes. However, recent studies show a profound survival benefit for surgically treated @entity0 up to a period of eleven years. The economic studies illustrate that bariatric surgery is cost-effective compared to no treatment or conservative treatment. The comparison between surgical therapies does not allow to draw any conclusions on cost-effectiveness. Appropriate studies/surveys, which are concerned with ethical, legal and social aspects, are not available. DISCUSSION: Concerning clinical outcomes as well as cost-effectiveness, there is a lack of high quality studies. Clinical effectiveness and safety as well as cost-effectiveness of bariatric procedures in the short- and medium-term course are agreed on, but long-term evaluations that focus not exclusively on @entity4 , but also on comorbidities and @entity0 relevant outcomes such as quality of life, are needed. Also within the economic views are missing long-term evaluation particularly for the German health care system. CONCLUSION: Based upon the available literature the short- and medium-term effectiveness of bariatric procedures on @entity4 , comorbidities, e. g. @entity1 , and mortality can be assumed and also seems to be cost-effective. No recommendation can be given with respect to the choice of a certain bariatric procedure or to the selection of particular groups of @entity0 .

title: Evaluation of medical and health economic effectiveness of bariatric surgery ( XXXX surgery) versus conservative strategies in adult @entity0 with morbid @entity2 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity with its associated medical, psychological, social, and economic complications is considered a chronic, @entity3 . Given the magnitude of the challenge @entity2 , there is a clear need for preventive as well as therapeutic measures and strategies on an individual and a public health level. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this health technology assessment (HTA)-report is to summarise the current literature on bariatric surgery, to evaluate their medical effectiveness/efficacy and cost-effectiveness as well as the ethical, social and legal implications of these procedures in comparison to conventional therapies and compared to each other. METHODS: Relevant publications are identified by means of a structured search of databases accessed on 13.11.2006 and an update conducted on 12.11.2007. In addition, a manual search of identified reference lists is conducted. The present report includes German and English literature published since 2001 and targeting adult subjects with morbid @entity2 (body mass index (BMI) >=40 kg/m   or BMI >=35 kg/m   with severe comorbidities). The methodological quality of studies included is assessed according to pre-defined quality criteria by two independent scientists. RESULTS: Among 5910 retrieved publications, 25 medical articles, as well as seven health economic studies meet the inclusion criteria. The medical studies show a superior @entity4 following bariatric surgery compared to conventional therapy. Malabsorptive procedures lead to a more profound @entity4 than purely restrictive procedures. Weight reduction in general is accompanied by a reduced frequency of comorbidities (mostly @entity5 ). The evidence is not sufficient to quantify these effects for individual procedures or to assess long-term outcomes. However, recent studies show a profound survival benefit for surgically treated @entity0 up to a period of eleven years. The economic studies illustrate that bariatric surgery is cost-effective compared to no treatment or conservative treatment. The comparison between surgical therapies does not allow to draw any conclusions on cost-effectiveness. Appropriate studies/surveys, which are concerned with ethical, legal and social aspects, are not available. DISCUSSION: Concerning clinical outcomes as well as cost-effectiveness, there is a lack of high quality studies. Clinical effectiveness and safety as well as cost-effectiveness of bariatric procedures in the short- and medium-term course are agreed on, but long-term evaluations that focus not exclusively on @entity4 , but also on comorbidities and @entity0 relevant outcomes such as quality of life, are needed. Also within the economic views are missing long-term evaluation particularly for the German health care system. CONCLUSION: Based upon the available literature the short- and medium-term effectiveness of bariatric procedures on @entity4 , comorbidities, e. g. @entity1 , and mortality can be assumed and also seems to be cost-effective. No recommendation can be given with respect to the choice of a certain bariatric procedure or to the selection of particular groups of @entity0 .

title: Evaluation of medical and health economic effectiveness of bariatric surgery ( @entity2 surgery) versus conservative strategies in adult @entity0 with morbid XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity with its associated medical, psychological, social, and economic complications is considered a chronic, @entity3 . Given the magnitude of the challenge @entity2 , there is a clear need for preventive as well as therapeutic measures and strategies on an individual and a public health level. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this health technology assessment (HTA)-report is to summarise the current literature on bariatric surgery, to evaluate their medical effectiveness/efficacy and cost-effectiveness as well as the ethical, social and legal implications of these procedures in comparison to conventional therapies and compared to each other. METHODS: Relevant publications are identified by means of a structured search of databases accessed on 13.11.2006 and an update conducted on 12.11.2007. In addition, a manual search of identified reference lists is conducted. The present report includes German and English literature published since 2001 and targeting adult subjects with morbid @entity2 (body mass index (BMI) >=40 kg/m   or BMI >=35 kg/m   with severe comorbidities). The methodological quality of studies included is assessed according to pre-defined quality criteria by two independent scientists. RESULTS: Among 5910 retrieved publications, 25 medical articles, as well as seven health economic studies meet the inclusion criteria. The medical studies show a superior @entity4 following bariatric surgery compared to conventional therapy. Malabsorptive procedures lead to a more profound @entity4 than purely restrictive procedures. Weight reduction in general is accompanied by a reduced frequency of comorbidities (mostly @entity5 ). The evidence is not sufficient to quantify these effects for individual procedures or to assess long-term outcomes. However, recent studies show a profound survival benefit for surgically treated @entity0 up to a period of eleven years. The economic studies illustrate that bariatric surgery is cost-effective compared to no treatment or conservative treatment. The comparison between surgical therapies does not allow to draw any conclusions on cost-effectiveness. Appropriate studies/surveys, which are concerned with ethical, legal and social aspects, are not available. DISCUSSION: Concerning clinical outcomes as well as cost-effectiveness, there is a lack of high quality studies. Clinical effectiveness and safety as well as cost-effectiveness of bariatric procedures in the short- and medium-term course are agreed on, but long-term evaluations that focus not exclusively on @entity4 , but also on comorbidities and @entity0 relevant outcomes such as quality of life, are needed. Also within the economic views are missing long-term evaluation particularly for the German health care system. CONCLUSION: Based upon the available literature the short- and medium-term effectiveness of bariatric procedures on @entity4 , comorbidities, e. g. @entity1 , and mortality can be assumed and also seems to be cost-effective. No recommendation can be given with respect to the choice of a certain bariatric procedure or to the selection of particular groups of @entity0 .

title: Evaluation of medical and health economic effectiveness of bariatric surgery ( @entity2 surgery) versus conservative strategies in adult XXXX with morbid @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We studied the endocytic transport of an 85-kDa lysosomal membrane glycoprotein ( @entity5 ) from the cell surface to lysosomes in cultured @entity0 hepatocytes. Fab' fragments of a monoclonal antibody against @entity5 (YA30 mAb) were conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and then used as probes to monitor the endocytic transport of @entity5 from the plasma membrane to lysosomes. Continuous internalization and lysosomal transport of HRP-YA30 mAb Fab' occurred in the hepatic cells, resulting in its accumulation in the dense lysosomal fraction obtained from the cells on Percoll density centrifugation. The endocytic transport of HRP-YA30 mAb continued in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor, @entity2 , indicating that @entity5 is cycled between the cell surface and lysosomes or endosomes, like other lysosomal membrane glycoproteins, @entity3 and @entity4 , as reported previously [Akasaki et al. (1993) J. Biochem. 114, 598-604]. The half times (t1/2) of internalization and lysosomal transport of @entity5 were 32 min and 2.0 h, respectively. The kinetics of endocytic transport for @entity5 are very similar to those of @entity3 and @entity4 . @entity5 possesses a short cytoplasmic tail whose @entity1 sequence is quite different from those of @entity3 and @entity4 . Therefore, these results suggested that continuous internalization from the cell surface and lysosomal transport of of endogenous @entity5 occur through a mechanism that can recognize this novel @entity1 sequence, probably a Leu-Ile-containing motif, in normal hepatic cells of @entity0 .

title: Cycling of an 85-kDa lysosomal membrane glycoprotein between the cell surface and lysosomes in cultured XXXX hepatocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A redox dye, @entity2 , was compared with subgingival root surface debridement and sterile water in the treatment of @entity3 . Plaque and @entity1 , @entity0 on probing, and microbiological samples were obtained at baseline, and at 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks following treatment. All subjects had matched pockets in each of the 4 quadrants, of 5 mm or more. One treatment consisted of 0.1% @entity2 gel irrigated professionally at 0, 1 and 4 weeks, and by subjects at days in between up to 4 weeks, at chosen sites within a randomly selected quadrant (split-mouth design). A 2nd treatment was sterile water irrigation as above. A 3rd quadrant received subgingival debridement, and sites in the 4th received @entity2 incorporated into a slow-release device of a biodegradable collagen alginate vicryl composite. All sites showed improvements in clinical and microbiological parameters. However, no statistically significant differences between treatment types were found for clinical measurements. Although plaque index tended to increase after week 1, gingival index was reduced, as was the papilla @entity0 index. Probing depth reductions were approximately 1.2 mm for all treatments. Microbiological variables showed an increase in cocci and a decrease in motile organisms for all groups, the latter reaching statistical significance for subgingival debridement. The reductions in spirochaetes were significant for subgingival debridement and @entity2 by slow-release. Culture demonstrated an increase in the aerobe:anaerobe ratio for all groups, which was statistically significant initially (weeks 1 and 4) for subgingival debridement. @entity2 was also effective statistically in improving this ratio, both by irrigation and slow-release (week 4). @entity2 also significantly reduced the numbers of black-pigmented anaerobes during the trial period, both by irrigation and slow-release, which sterile water and subgingival debridement failed to do. No serious adverse experiences were seen, however, significantly greater morbidity was associated with subgingival debridement. These results clearly demonstrate that in altering the microflora to one that is more compatible with periodontal health, @entity2 treatment is comparable, or even better, than the currently standard treatment of subgingival debridement, and is better tolerated.

title: Evaluation of the efficacy of a redox agent in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Thirty-eight @entity0 with @entity1 and history of @entity4 or recurrent sustained @entity5 were treated with @entity6 . @entity2 was present in 33 patients. Previous antiarrhythmic therapy consisted of two to eight drugs (mean four). Fourteen @entity0 were resuscitated from @entity4 and 24 @entity0 had chronic recurrent sustained @entity5 . Twenty-eight @entity0 had electrophysiologic testing before and during @entity6 treatment. Sustained @entity5 became noninducible in 5 @entity0 , nonsustained in 5 @entity0 and slowed in 13 @entity0 (cycle length increased from 278 +/- 64 to 395 +/- 91 ms; p = 0.002). Three of the 14 @entity0 with @entity4 and 15 of the 24 @entity0 with recurrent sustained @entity5 remained on long-term @entity6 treatment. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction in 16 of these 18 @entity0 was 37%. Nonlimiting side effects occurred in seven @entity0 (18%). Proarrhythmic effects were seen in four @entity0 (10%). At a mean follow-up time of 11 +/- 3 months, 15 @entity0 (39%) had had no recurrence, including 5 who had inducible sustained @entity5 and 5 who did not on retesting during treatment. In the 18 @entity0 who received long-term therapy, 3 late deaths occurred, 1 of which was of arrhythmic origin. These data suggest that @entity6 is effective in about 40% of @entity0 with severe refractory @entity3 . Its value as a single drug in the treatment of @entity4 remains to be defined.

title: Short- and long-term experience with @entity6 in the management of refractory life-threatening XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Thirty-eight @entity0 with @entity1 and history of @entity4 or recurrent sustained @entity5 were treated with @entity6 . @entity2 was present in 33 patients. Previous antiarrhythmic therapy consisted of two to eight drugs (mean four). Fourteen @entity0 were resuscitated from @entity4 and 24 @entity0 had chronic recurrent sustained @entity5 . Twenty-eight @entity0 had electrophysiologic testing before and during @entity6 treatment. Sustained @entity5 became noninducible in 5 @entity0 , nonsustained in 5 @entity0 and slowed in 13 @entity0 (cycle length increased from 278 +/- 64 to 395 +/- 91 ms; p = 0.002). Three of the 14 @entity0 with @entity4 and 15 of the 24 @entity0 with recurrent sustained @entity5 remained on long-term @entity6 treatment. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction in 16 of these 18 @entity0 was 37%. Nonlimiting side effects occurred in seven @entity0 (18%). Proarrhythmic effects were seen in four @entity0 (10%). At a mean follow-up time of 11 +/- 3 months, 15 @entity0 (39%) had had no recurrence, including 5 who had inducible sustained @entity5 and 5 who did not on retesting during treatment. In the 18 @entity0 who received long-term therapy, 3 late deaths occurred, 1 of which was of arrhythmic origin. These data suggest that @entity6 is effective in about 40% of @entity0 with severe refractory @entity3 . Its value as a single drug in the treatment of @entity4 remains to be defined.

title: Short- and long-term experience with XXXX in the management of refractory life-threatening @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Laser lithotripsy with mini-ureteroscopes is a minimally invasive method to fragment @entity1 . This study reviewed the efficacy and morbidity of outpatient laser lithotripsy for the treatment of @entity1 . The 248 @entity0 were initially treated by outpatient ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy with the Candela pulsed-dye laser over a period of 3 1/2 years. Thirty-six @entity0 had prior unsuccessful fragmentation of @entity1 by SWL. Twenty-eight @entity0 had undergone unsuccessful ureteroscopy with attempted basket extraction or attempted fragmentation with methods other than laser. Calculi were located in the upper ureter in 31% and in lower ureter in 69% of these @entity0 . The 1-month stone-free rate was 92% for upper @entity1 and 96% for lower @entity1 , with an overall success rate of 94.7%. Ninety per cent of the @entity0 were discharged the same day and 96% within 23 hours. Hospital admission was needed in only 4% of @entity0 . Parenteral analgesia was required in 18% of @entity0 , and major complications occurred in 0.8%. The combination of mini-ureteroscopes and laser lithotripsy is an effective method for fragmentation of @entity1 in outpatients with low morbidity and few complications.

title: Outpatient fragmentation of XXXX with mini-ureteroscopes and laser lithotripsy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 , @entity2 , Arthrobacter G12, Bacillus sp. and Cytophaga sp. were grown on solid and liquid media containing soluble and insoluble @entity0 sources. Arthrobacter G12, Bacillus sp. and Cytophaga sp. grew well on media which contained fungal cell walls or fungal biomass as the main @entity0 source. All bacteria produced extracellular proteases and all bacteria except Arthrobacter G12 produced extracellular chitinases. Growth of Cytophaga sp. on colloidal chitin was paralleled by the accumulated chitinase activity in the culture filtrate, and growth of Cytophaga sp. and Arthrobacter G12 on cell walls of Geotrichum candidum and cell walls of Candida pseudotropicalis was paralleled by the accumulation of laminarinase activity in the culture filtrate, but little or no extracellular chitinase activity was observed in these cultures. Mycolases purified from the culture filtrates of Cytophaga sp. grown on colloidal chitin on cell walls of C. pseudotropicalis potentiated the antifungal activity of @entity1 .

title: Growth of bacteria on chitin, fungal cell walls and fungal biomass, and the effect of extracellular enzymes produced by these cultures on the antifungal activity of XXXX .

answer: @entity1