abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower-limb @entity3 (LLL) is a prevalent complication that is encountered after treatment for gynecological @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative LLL in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review for @entity0 who had undergone surgery, including systematic lymphadenectomy, for @entity1 . @entity0 who died of @entity1 , were evaluated for short periods of time (<2 years), had missing medical records, or were suffering from @entity2 were excluded. We utilized the International Society of Lymphology staging of @entity3 severity as the diagnostic criteria for LLL, and @entity0 with stage II or III @entity3 , as objectively determined by physicians, were included in the group of @entity0 with LLL. Multivariate analysis was performed to confirm independent risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 155 @entity0 with @entity1 were evaluated. Thirty-one @entity0 (20.0%) contracted LLL with a median follow-up of 6.1 years. Suprafemoral node dissection (odds ratio, 9.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-73.3; P = 0.031) and adjuvant radiotherapy (3.7; 1.2-10.9; P = 0.019) were identified as independent risk factors. CONCLUSION: Given that the effectiveness of the above two therapeutic options for @entity1 is currently controversial, the clinical benefits of these therapies should be reevaluated specifically to conserve the quality of life for @entity0 with this disease.

title: Risk factors for lower-limb @entity3 after surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Jejunal perforation is relatively common following focal blunt @entity8 . The mortality rate remains in the region of 30%. Significant factors affecting mortality are therapeutic delay of 24 hours or more, and @entity7 . The commonest clinical features are @entity4 , @entity6 , and guarding, diminished or absent bowel sounds and signs of @entity9 . @entity10 is presented by the @entity0 with an impaired level of consciousness and/or associated remote injuries which may distract the clinician from the abdomen. @entity3 may also occur, and observation should continue for at least 48 to 72 hours with a warning to return immediately if @entity2 recurs. Straight abdominal and chest radiography are of limited diagnostic value, but nevertheless may prove helpful in 50% of cases. All @entity0 with @entity7 , particularly in the presence of a @entity5 with an impaired level of consciousness should be submitted to diagnostic abdominal paracentesis. A negative result should prompt diagnostic peritoneal lavage. Early diagnosis and @entity1 therapy are essential if the mortality is to be reduced. To this end careful, frequent abdominal assessment should be practiced, with immediate laparotomy if clinical parameters deteriorate, or do not improve over a 12 to 18-hour period.

title: Blunt XXXX with jejunal injury: a review.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with borderline resectable @entity3 ( @entity3 ) represent a high-risk group of @entity0 due to @entity1 or @entity0 -related characteristics. The optimal management of these @entity0 has not been fully defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity0 undergoing evaluation for @entity3 between 2005 and 2008 were identified. Clinical, radiographic, and pathological data were retrospectively reviewed. @entity0 were staged as borderline resectable using the M.D. Anderson @entity1 Center (MDACC) classification. RESULTS: A total of 170 @entity0 with @entity3 were identified, 40 with borderline resectable disease. Of these, 34 borderline resectable @entity0 (85%) completed neoadjuvant therapy and were restaged; pancreatic resection was completed in 16 @entity0 (46%). Also, 8 @entity0 completed 50  Gy of radiation in 28 fractions in 6  weeks, whereas 8 @entity0 received 50  Gy in 20 fractions in 4  weeks plus chronomodulated @entity2 . An R0 resection was achieved in 12 of the 16 @entity0 (75%). Also, 5 @entity0 (63%) treated in 20 fractions had >90% pathologic response versus 1 (13%) treated in 28 fractions (P  <  .05). Borderline resectable @entity0 completing surgery had similar survival to @entity0 with resectable disease who underwent surgery. @entity0 receiving accelerated fractionation radiation had improved survival compared with @entity0 treated with standard fractionation protocol. CONCLUSIONS: A neoadjuvant approach to borderline resectable @entity3 identifies @entity0 who are most likely to benefit from pancreatic resection. Preoperative @entity2 -based chemoradiation is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for these @entity0 . Neoadjuvant therapy for borderline resectable @entity3 warrants further investigation using treatment schedules that can safely intensify irradiation dose.

title: Preoperative XXXX and concurrent radiation for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Antivenom (AV) treatment has been ineffective in neutralizing the severe local fast-developing @entity4 following snake-bite envenoming. We studied the effectiveness of low-level laser (LLL) and light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation alone or in combination with AV in reducing local @entity0 formation and @entity2 induced by Bothrops moojeni venom ( @entity3 ) in @entity1 . @entity0 formation was induced by injection of 1  g per paw of @entity3 into the right paw and was evaluated before and at several intervals after @entity3 intraplantar injection. @entity2 activity was evaluated after intradermal injection of 20  g of @entity3 by measuring the diameter of the hemorrhagic area on the inner side of the skin. The site of @entity3 injection was irradiated by LLL or LED 30 min after @entity3 inoculation. AV was also administered intravenously 30 min after @entity3 injection. Irradiation with LLL at a wavelength of 685 nm and a dose of 2.2 J/cm(2) and with a red LED and an infrared LED at wavelengths of 635 nm and 945 nm, respectively, and a dose of 4 J/cm(2) reduced @entity0 formation and @entity2 induced by @entity3 (p < 0.05). The combined AV and LLL or LED treatment showed the same reduction as LLL or LED irradiation separately. In conclusion, both LLL and LED irradiation reduced venom-induced local effects even though symptoms were already present. Thus, the effect of phototherapy in reducing local effects induced by @entity3 may be clinically relevant.

title: Effects of photobiostimulation on @entity0 and XXXX induced by Bothrops moojeni venom.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Antivenom (AV) treatment has been ineffective in neutralizing the severe local fast-developing @entity4 following snake-bite envenoming. We studied the effectiveness of low-level laser (LLL) and light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation alone or in combination with AV in reducing local @entity0 formation and @entity2 induced by Bothrops moojeni venom ( @entity3 ) in @entity1 . @entity0 formation was induced by injection of 1  g per paw of @entity3 into the right paw and was evaluated before and at several intervals after @entity3 intraplantar injection. @entity2 activity was evaluated after intradermal injection of 20  g of @entity3 by measuring the diameter of the hemorrhagic area on the inner side of the skin. The site of @entity3 injection was irradiated by LLL or LED 30 min after @entity3 inoculation. AV was also administered intravenously 30 min after @entity3 injection. Irradiation with LLL at a wavelength of 685 nm and a dose of 2.2 J/cm(2) and with a red LED and an infrared LED at wavelengths of 635 nm and 945 nm, respectively, and a dose of 4 J/cm(2) reduced @entity0 formation and @entity2 induced by @entity3 (p < 0.05). The combined AV and LLL or LED treatment showed the same reduction as LLL or LED irradiation separately. In conclusion, both LLL and LED irradiation reduced venom-induced local effects even though symptoms were already present. Thus, the effect of phototherapy in reducing local effects induced by @entity3 may be clinically relevant.

title: Effects of photobiostimulation on XXXX and @entity2 induced by Bothrops moojeni venom.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: To study the clinical spectrum and therapeutic outcome of ocular surface @entity1 (OSSN) in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of records of @entity0 with @entity6 referred to Cornea Services for management of OSSN. Presenting symptoms, clinical features, @entity1 morphology and location, treatment modalities, recurrence rates and visual outcome were noted. RESULTS: Seven @entity0 of @entity6 (six males; one female) with bilateral OSSN were included in the study. All @entity0 were less than 15 years of age at presentation, with 13 of 14 lesions of OSSN (93%) occurring at the limbus. Associated ocular features were limbal stem cell @entity2 (64.3%), @entity2 (100%), @entity4 in @entity2 (50%), pseudopterygium in two eyes (14.3%), anterior symblepharon in three eyes (21.4%) and conjunctival inflammatory granuloma in one eye (7.1%). Unaided visual acuity in the 14 eyes ranged from 6/6 to 6/36 at presentation. Six of the 14 eyes (42.9%) had histopathological features of @entity3 , and eight eyes (57.1%) demonstrated features consistent with @entity5 . Recurrence was seen in nine of 14 eyes (64.3%). CONCLUSIONS: OSSN occurs predominantly in the elderly, but in @entity0 of @entity6 it tends to occur at a younger age (6-22 years). The disease appeared to be more aggressive (recurrence rate = 64.3%) than usual. Awareness and prompt management with close follow up is warranted in these @entity0 .

title: Ocular surface XXXX in xeroderma pigmentosum: clinical spectrum and outcome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The main aim of this study was to compare the onset times of @entity2 evaluated subjectively and by acceleromyography at the masseter muscle (MM). METHODS: Forty female @entity0 were sequentially enrolled in this study. In the first 20 @entity0 , @entity5 was evaluated subjectively. After induction of anesthesia with @entity4 and @entity1 , both the left masseter and ulnar nerves were stimulated in 2-Hz @entity3 ( @entity3 ) mode using peripheral nerve stimulators. Contractions of the MM were felt with an anesthesiologist's left hand holding an anesthesia facemask; those of the adductor pollicis (APM) were visually observed. All the @entity0 received a bolus of @entity2 , 0.6 mg/kg. Onset times after @entity2 were defined as the duration until the contractions became impalpable at the MM or invisible at the APM. At the time contraction of the MM had not been felt, intubating conditions were assessed. In the next 20 @entity0 , contractions of the MM and the APM were concurrently quantified using acceleromyography after induction of anesthesia and laryngeal mask insertion. Following 0.6 mg/kg @entity2 , onset of the action was recorded. RESULTS: Onset of the action of @entity2 at the MM evaluated subjectively [mean (SD), 70.3 (17.7) s] was similar to that monitored acceleromyographically [73.3 (27.6) s, P > 0.05], and significantly shorter than that at the APM acceleromyographically [111.0 (34.8) s, P = 0.016]. Intubating conditions of 20 @entity0 were graded either excellent or good. CONCLUSION: Subjective evaluation of contractions of the MM by an anesthesiologist's hand may be reliable to determine faster timing for safe tracheal intubation.

title: Onset of XXXX -induced @entity5 evaluated subjectively and accerelomyographically at the masseter muscle.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The main aim of this study was to compare the onset times of @entity2 evaluated subjectively and by acceleromyography at the masseter muscle (MM). METHODS: Forty female @entity0 were sequentially enrolled in this study. In the first 20 @entity0 , @entity5 was evaluated subjectively. After induction of anesthesia with @entity4 and @entity1 , both the left masseter and ulnar nerves were stimulated in 2-Hz @entity3 ( @entity3 ) mode using peripheral nerve stimulators. Contractions of the MM were felt with an anesthesiologist's left hand holding an anesthesia facemask; those of the adductor pollicis (APM) were visually observed. All the @entity0 received a bolus of @entity2 , 0.6 mg/kg. Onset times after @entity2 were defined as the duration until the contractions became impalpable at the MM or invisible at the APM. At the time contraction of the MM had not been felt, intubating conditions were assessed. In the next 20 @entity0 , contractions of the MM and the APM were concurrently quantified using acceleromyography after induction of anesthesia and laryngeal mask insertion. Following 0.6 mg/kg @entity2 , onset of the action was recorded. RESULTS: Onset of the action of @entity2 at the MM evaluated subjectively [mean (SD), 70.3 (17.7) s] was similar to that monitored acceleromyographically [73.3 (27.6) s, P > 0.05], and significantly shorter than that at the APM acceleromyographically [111.0 (34.8) s, P = 0.016]. Intubating conditions of 20 @entity0 were graded either excellent or good. CONCLUSION: Subjective evaluation of contractions of the MM by an anesthesiologist's hand may be reliable to determine faster timing for safe tracheal intubation.

title: Onset of @entity2 -induced XXXX evaluated subjectively and accerelomyographically at the masseter muscle.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Abstract: @entity1 control may assist early mobilisation after internal fixation of @entity5 . Systemic opioids have significant side effects in elderly @entity0 . We present an evaluation of the effect of local anaesthetic infiltration in such cases , the objective being to decrease the need for postoperative opioids and to improve @entity1 control for @entity0 after surgery. 33 @entity0 undergoing internal fixation with 2 parallel hook pins were randomized into 2 groups in a double blind study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00529425). 33 @entity0 received intraoperative infiltration followed by 6 postoperative injections through an intraarticular catheter in eight-hour intervals. 19 @entity0 received @entity4 and 14 received saline. The intervention period was 48 hours and the observation period was 5 days. In both groups there were no restrictions on the total daily dose of rescue analgesics. @entity1 was assessed at specific postoperative time-points and the daily consumption of opioid drugs needed for @entity3 was registered. There was no significantly reduced consumption of standardized opioid rescue analgesics or @entity1 in the study group receiving @entity4 injections. Apart from a reduction in @entity2 in the study group on the second postoperative day, there were no significant differences in the occurrence of side effects between the groups. On day 2 the placebo group had less @entity1 than the study group. Local anaesthetic infiltration after fixation of @entity5 does not reduce opioid consumption or @entity1 '.

title: Local anaesthetic wound infiltration after internal fixation of XXXX : a randomized, double-blind clinical trial in 33 @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Abstract: @entity1 control may assist early mobilisation after internal fixation of @entity5 . Systemic opioids have significant side effects in elderly @entity0 . We present an evaluation of the effect of local anaesthetic infiltration in such cases , the objective being to decrease the need for postoperative opioids and to improve @entity1 control for @entity0 after surgery. 33 @entity0 undergoing internal fixation with 2 parallel hook pins were randomized into 2 groups in a double blind study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00529425). 33 @entity0 received intraoperative infiltration followed by 6 postoperative injections through an intraarticular catheter in eight-hour intervals. 19 @entity0 received @entity4 and 14 received saline. The intervention period was 48 hours and the observation period was 5 days. In both groups there were no restrictions on the total daily dose of rescue analgesics. @entity1 was assessed at specific postoperative time-points and the daily consumption of opioid drugs needed for @entity3 was registered. There was no significantly reduced consumption of standardized opioid rescue analgesics or @entity1 in the study group receiving @entity4 injections. Apart from a reduction in @entity2 in the study group on the second postoperative day, there were no significant differences in the occurrence of side effects between the groups. On day 2 the placebo group had less @entity1 than the study group. Local anaesthetic infiltration after fixation of @entity5 does not reduce opioid consumption or @entity1 '.

title: Local anaesthetic wound infiltration after internal fixation of @entity5 : a randomized, double-blind clinical trial in 33 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 stenosis is an important cause of @entity1 . The natural history of the disease is related to the presence or absence of @entity4 and the severity of @entity3 . Doppler ultrasound is commonly used as a screening test, with more advanced noninvasive imaging studies such as computerized tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) utilized as confirmatory tests if invasive treatment is contemplated. With less-invasive imaging techniques, traditional catheter angiography is rarely indicated for the diagnosis of @entity2 . Medical therapy remains the mainstay of treatment in @entity0 with asymptomatic @entity3 . Invasive treatment of asymptomatic @entity2 is indicated in a selected group of @entity0 with severe @entity3 and life expectancy exceeding 5 years. Invasive treatment is indicated for symptomatic @entity0 with @entity3 greater than 70% and in selected @entity0 with recent symptoms and moderate (50% to 69%) @entity3 . The risk of @entity1 is highest in the first few weeks following a presenting symptomatic event. Therefore, when indicated, invasive treatment of symptomatic disease should be considered soon after presenting symptoms to maximize the benefit of the procedure. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) remains the gold standard for invasive treatment of internal carotid artery disease (symptomatic and asymptomatic). However, based on recent evidence, carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is a valid alternative to CEA in an increasing percentage of @entity0 in need of invasive treatment. Regardless of treatment modality, proper @entity0 selection for invasive treatment remains the single most important factor to insure proper use of available technology.

title: @entity5 XXXX : natural history and management.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 stenosis is an important cause of @entity1 . The natural history of the disease is related to the presence or absence of @entity4 and the severity of @entity3 . Doppler ultrasound is commonly used as a screening test, with more advanced noninvasive imaging studies such as computerized tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) utilized as confirmatory tests if invasive treatment is contemplated. With less-invasive imaging techniques, traditional catheter angiography is rarely indicated for the diagnosis of @entity2 . Medical therapy remains the mainstay of treatment in @entity0 with asymptomatic @entity3 . Invasive treatment of asymptomatic @entity2 is indicated in a selected group of @entity0 with severe @entity3 and life expectancy exceeding 5 years. Invasive treatment is indicated for symptomatic @entity0 with @entity3 greater than 70% and in selected @entity0 with recent symptoms and moderate (50% to 69%) @entity3 . The risk of @entity1 is highest in the first few weeks following a presenting symptomatic event. Therefore, when indicated, invasive treatment of symptomatic disease should be considered soon after presenting symptoms to maximize the benefit of the procedure. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) remains the gold standard for invasive treatment of internal carotid artery disease (symptomatic and asymptomatic). However, based on recent evidence, carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is a valid alternative to CEA in an increasing percentage of @entity0 in need of invasive treatment. Regardless of treatment modality, proper @entity0 selection for invasive treatment remains the single most important factor to insure proper use of available technology.

title: XXXX @entity3 : natural history and management.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Aqueous solutions of @entity3 may be used as electron microscopic tracers in vivo to study vascular permeability in the experimental animal. However, with this technique the size of the tracer articles is not known. To gain information about the tracer size, we injected @entity3 into the blood circulation of living @entity0 . The plasma obtained from such animals 30 min later, was studied with the electron microscope. The plasma contained an electron-dense material, readily visible in the electron microscope. A precipitate obtained after centrifugation of the whole blood to separate the cells, also contained the tracer. @entity1 was found in large amounts in the fibrin clot obtained after treating the plasma with @entity2 . The tracer was not detected in the "serum" (i.e. @entity2 -treated plasma). The study indicates that ionic @entity1 injected into the blood circulation of living @entity0 , is to a great extent bound to fibrinogen, and that the smallest possible size of the tracer is that of the fibrinogen molecule (m.w. 330,000). Larger particles are present as well.

title: Electron microscopy of XXXX in plasma.

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of drugs for treatment of @entity1 have been advocated to prevent the emergence of drug resistance. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of a 4-drug @entity6 for the treatment of @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : The Study C trial, a parallel-group, open-label, noninferiority, randomized controlled trial conducted in 11 sites in Africa, Asia, and Latin America between 2003 and 2008. @entity0 were 1585 adults with newly diagnosed smear-positive @entity3 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were randomized to receive daily treatment with 4 drugs ( @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity5 ) given as an @entity6 (n = 798 @entity0 ) or separately (n = 787) in the 8-week intensive phase of treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Favorable treatment outcome, defined as negative culture result at 18 months post randomization and not having already been classified as unfavorable. Noninferiority was dependent on consistent results from a per-protocol and modified intention-to-treat analysis, using 2 different models for the latter, classifying all changes of treatment or refusal to continue treatment (eg, bacteriological failure/relapse, adverse event, default, drug resistance) as unfavorable (model 1) and classifying changes of treatment for reasons other than therapeutic outcomes according to their 18-month bacteriological outcome if available (post hoc model 2). The prespecified noninferiority margin was 4%. RESULTS: In the per-protocol analysis, 555 of 591 @entity0 (93.9%) had a favorable outcome in the @entity6 group vs 548 of 579 (94.6%) in the separate-drugs group (risk difference, -0.7% [90% confidence interval {CI}, -3.0% to 1.5%]). In the model 1 analysis, 570 of 684 @entity0 (83.3%) had a favorable outcome in the @entity6 group vs 563 of 664 (84.8%) in the separate-drugs group (risk difference, -1.5% [90% CI, -4.7% to 1.8%]). In the post hoc model 2 analysis, 591 of 658 @entity0 (89.8%) in the @entity6 group and 589 of 647 (91.0%) in the separate-drugs group had a favorable outcome (risk difference, -1.2% [90% CI, -3.9% to 1.5%]). Adverse events related to trial drugs were similarly distributed among treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with a regimen of separately administered drugs, a 4-drug @entity6 regimen for treatment of @entity1 satisfied prespecified noninferiority criteria in 2 of 3 analyses. Although the results do not demonstrate full noninferiority of the FDCs compared with single drugs given separately using the strict definition applied in this trial, use of FDCs is preferred because of potential advantages associated with the administration of FDCs compared with separate-drug formulations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00216333.

title: Efficacy and safety of a 4-drug fixed-dose combination regimen compared with separate drugs for treatment of XXXX : the Study C randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 represent the newest class of antifungal agents. Currently, three @entity5 , @entity10 , @entity8 and @entity2 are licensed for clinical use in various indications. They act as inhibitors of b-(1,3)-glucan synthesis in the fungal cell wall and have a favorable pharmacological profile. They have a broad spectrum of activity against all Candida species. Higher MIC's have been observed against @entity7 and @entity9 . Data from clinical trials for invasive @entity6 suggest that the clinical outcome of @entity0 treated with either drug may be very similar. A comparison has been done between @entity8 and @entity2 but for @entity10 a comparative trial with another echinocandin is still lacking. All three drugs are highly effective if not superior to treatment with either @entity4 or @entity3 , particularly in well-defined clinical settings such as invasive @entity6 , @entity6 and candidaemia. Differences between the three @entity5 with regard to the route of metabolism, requirement for a loading dose, dose adjustment in @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity1 and different dosing schedules for different types of @entity6 have to be considered. Relevant drug-drug interactions of @entity8 and @entity2 are minimal. @entity10 has no significant drug interactions at all. However, @entity5 are available only for intravenous use. All three agents have an excellent safety profile.

title: Pharmacology and metabolism of @entity10 , @entity8 and XXXX in the treatment of invasive candidosis: review of the literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 represent the newest class of antifungal agents. Currently, three @entity5 , @entity10 , @entity8 and @entity2 are licensed for clinical use in various indications. They act as inhibitors of b-(1,3)-glucan synthesis in the fungal cell wall and have a favorable pharmacological profile. They have a broad spectrum of activity against all Candida species. Higher MIC's have been observed against @entity7 and @entity9 . Data from clinical trials for invasive @entity6 suggest that the clinical outcome of @entity0 treated with either drug may be very similar. A comparison has been done between @entity8 and @entity2 but for @entity10 a comparative trial with another echinocandin is still lacking. All three drugs are highly effective if not superior to treatment with either @entity4 or @entity3 , particularly in well-defined clinical settings such as invasive @entity6 , @entity6 and candidaemia. Differences between the three @entity5 with regard to the route of metabolism, requirement for a loading dose, dose adjustment in @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity1 and different dosing schedules for different types of @entity6 have to be considered. Relevant drug-drug interactions of @entity8 and @entity2 are minimal. @entity10 has no significant drug interactions at all. However, @entity5 are available only for intravenous use. All three agents have an excellent safety profile.

title: Pharmacology and metabolism of @entity10 , XXXX and @entity2 in the treatment of invasive candidosis: review of the literature.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity5 represent the newest class of antifungal agents. Currently, three @entity5 , @entity10 , @entity8 and @entity2 are licensed for clinical use in various indications. They act as inhibitors of b-(1,3)-glucan synthesis in the fungal cell wall and have a favorable pharmacological profile. They have a broad spectrum of activity against all Candida species. Higher MIC's have been observed against @entity7 and @entity9 . Data from clinical trials for invasive @entity6 suggest that the clinical outcome of @entity0 treated with either drug may be very similar. A comparison has been done between @entity8 and @entity2 but for @entity10 a comparative trial with another echinocandin is still lacking. All three drugs are highly effective if not superior to treatment with either @entity4 or @entity3 , particularly in well-defined clinical settings such as invasive @entity6 , @entity6 and candidaemia. Differences between the three @entity5 with regard to the route of metabolism, requirement for a loading dose, dose adjustment in @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity1 and different dosing schedules for different types of @entity6 have to be considered. Relevant drug-drug interactions of @entity8 and @entity2 are minimal. @entity10 has no significant drug interactions at all. However, @entity5 are available only for intravenous use. All three agents have an excellent safety profile.

title: Pharmacology and metabolism of XXXX , @entity8 and @entity2 in the treatment of invasive candidosis: review of the literature.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Acute @entity5 intoxication in the cat was studied to characterize the antidotal profile of @entity4 . @entity6 was associated with @entity3 , hyperventilation, @entity1 , and @entity0 . Abnormal laboratory findings were @entity7 and elevated serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity. In one trial, each of ten @entity2 was given a 325-mg tablet of @entity5 , then another after 4 hours. Five of the @entity2 were given antidotal treatment with @entity4 (140 mg/kg, per os) at the time of the second dosing with @entity5 and at 8-hour intervals thereafter for a total of three treatments. All treated @entity2 survived. Two of the untreated @entity2 died. In another trial, doubling each dose of @entity5 (650 mg) proved fatal in all of four untreated cats. When antidotal therapy was initiated at the time of the second dosing with @entity5 and repeated at 8- or 4-hour intervals for three treatments, two of four @entity2 in each treatment group survived. Although antidotal therapy was associated with a return of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and @entity7 values toward normal, only the methemoglobin value was a reliable prognostic indicator.

title: @entity4 for treatment of XXXX @entity6 in the cat.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Acute @entity5 intoxication in the cat was studied to characterize the antidotal profile of @entity4 . @entity6 was associated with @entity3 , hyperventilation, @entity1 , and @entity0 . Abnormal laboratory findings were @entity7 and elevated serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity. In one trial, each of ten @entity2 was given a 325-mg tablet of @entity5 , then another after 4 hours. Five of the @entity2 were given antidotal treatment with @entity4 (140 mg/kg, per os) at the time of the second dosing with @entity5 and at 8-hour intervals thereafter for a total of three treatments. All treated @entity2 survived. Two of the untreated @entity2 died. In another trial, doubling each dose of @entity5 (650 mg) proved fatal in all of four untreated cats. When antidotal therapy was initiated at the time of the second dosing with @entity5 and repeated at 8- or 4-hour intervals for three treatments, two of four @entity2 in each treatment group survived. Although antidotal therapy was associated with a return of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and @entity7 values toward normal, only the methemoglobin value was a reliable prognostic indicator.

title: XXXX for treatment of @entity5 @entity6 in the cat.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Acute @entity5 intoxication in the cat was studied to characterize the antidotal profile of @entity4 . @entity6 was associated with @entity3 , hyperventilation, @entity1 , and @entity0 . Abnormal laboratory findings were @entity7 and elevated serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity. In one trial, each of ten @entity2 was given a 325-mg tablet of @entity5 , then another after 4 hours. Five of the @entity2 were given antidotal treatment with @entity4 (140 mg/kg, per os) at the time of the second dosing with @entity5 and at 8-hour intervals thereafter for a total of three treatments. All treated @entity2 survived. Two of the untreated @entity2 died. In another trial, doubling each dose of @entity5 (650 mg) proved fatal in all of four untreated cats. When antidotal therapy was initiated at the time of the second dosing with @entity5 and repeated at 8- or 4-hour intervals for three treatments, two of four @entity2 in each treatment group survived. Although antidotal therapy was associated with a return of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and @entity7 values toward normal, only the methemoglobin value was a reliable prognostic indicator.

title: @entity4 for treatment of @entity5 XXXX in the cat.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inherited deficiency of @entity3 , protein C and protein S, three important, naturally occurring coagulation inhibitors, might play a major role in the occurrence of @entity2 in Chinese. The establishment of age- and gender-related normal ranges of these inhibitors is crucial for an accurate diagnosis of these deficiencies. DESIGN AND METHODS: We designed a prospective cross-sectional study recruiting healthy adults from four university-affiliated hospitals in China. @entity3 , protein C and protein S were studied by measuring their activity. Gene analysis was performed when @entity5 was suspected. Polymorphisms of the factor V gene were searched for among subjects who were positive for activated protein C resistance. RESULTS: In 3493 healthy Chinese adults (1734 @entity0 , 1759 @entity0 ; age 17-83 years), we found higher age-adjusted activities for protein C and protein S in @entity0 than in @entity0 but no sex difference for @entity3 . In @entity0 , mean protein C and protein S activities increased with age. In @entity0 , mean protein C levels increased with age up to the age of 49 but decreased after 50 years old; mean protein S levels decreased after 50 years of age. @entity3 levels remained stable over time in @entity0 but decreased significantly after 50 years of age in @entity0 . Reference values according to age and sex allowed the identification of 15 genetic variants (protein @entity4 , @entity3 :3, protein S:2) in subjects with protein activity below the 1(st) percentile. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest survey ever conducted in the healthy general Chinese population. These normal ranges provide the essential basis for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 in Chinese.

title: Normal ranges and genetic variants of XXXX , protein C and protein S in the general Chinese population. Results of the Chinese Hemostasis Investigation on Natural Anticoagulants Study I Group.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The 20,000-dalton light chain of @entity0 gizzard myosin is phosphorylated at two sites. Dual phosphorylation is observed when both intact myosin and isolated light chains are used as substrates. Phosphorylation of the second site is not observed at higher ionic strength (e.g. 0.35 M @entity3 ). The first phosphorylation site ( @entity1 19) is phosphorylated preferentially to the second site. The latter is phosphorylated more slowly than the first site, and its phosphorylation requires relatively high concentrations of @entity5 . It is suggested that @entity5 catalyzes the phosphorylation of both sites on the light chain, and several reasons are cited that make it unlikely that a contaminant kinase is involved. The second phosphorylation site is a @entity2 residue. Based on the results of limited proteolysis of the light chain, it is concluded that the @entity2 residue is close to @entity1 19, and possible locations are threonines 9, 10, and 18. At all concentrations of @entity4 , phosphorylation of the second site markedly increases the actin-activated ATPase activity of myosin and accelerates the superprecipitation response of myosin plus actin.

title: Phosphorylation of smooth muscle myosin at two distinct sites by XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Results of treating 14 @entity0 with @entity2 botryoides of the female genital tract are reviewed. Nine @entity0 were younger than four years old and five were older than 14. @entity1 were in the vagina (eight), cervix (three), vulva (one), and cervicovaginal region (two). All but one @entity0 underwent surgery, including wide local excision (one), vaginectomy (one), hysterectomy (one), hysterectomy and vaginectomy (two), anterior exenteration (two), and total pelvic exenteration (six). A combination of @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity3 was the chemotherapy regimen most frequently administered. Only one of the nine @entity0 receiving chemotherapy died from recurrence. One @entity0 with disease too extensive for surgery received intraarterial vincristine and radiation therapy; 16 years later she developed an @entity5 of the uterus. @entity2 recurred in three @entity0 . This review of @entity0 treated between 1956 and 1983 reflects the evolution of therapy over 30 years. Conservative surgery alone was inadequate; therefore, radical (exenterative) surgery was adopted; recently less extensive surgery has been combined with chemotherapy, producing satisfactory results.

title: XXXX botryoides of the female genital tract.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The development of @entity2 is a well-recognized side effect of many drugs. @entity3 - and @entity4 -dependent antibodies are classic examples of drug-induced effects that cause severe, life-threatening @entity1 . Whereas the effects of drug-dependent antibodies on platelets have been well documented, their effects on megakaryocyte (Mk) biology are still unclear. We analyzed sera from several @entity3 -induced @entity1 (QITP) @entity0 on highly pure Mks (98% glycoprotein IIb-positive [GPIIb(+)]; 92% GPIX(+)) derived from @entity0 CD34(+) cells cultured with @entity0 thrombopoietin. We demonstrate by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy that QITP IgGs bind Mks efficiently in the presence of @entity3 . Incubation of day-4 Mks with QITP sera or purified IgG resulted in induction of apoptosis, a significant decrease in cell viability, and an increase in cell death. Furthermore, QITP sera preferentially reduced the number of late GPIX(+)/GPIba(+) Mks and the number of receptors per cell in the surviving population. Ploidy distribution, lobularity, and average cell size of Mks remained unchanged after treatment. In addition, treated Mks showed a marked decrease in their proplatelet production capacity, suggesting that drug-dependent antibodies hinder platelet production. Therefore, QITP antibodies considerably reduce the proplatelet production capabilities of Mks despite undetectable effects on DNA content, morphology, and cell size.

title: XXXX -induced @entity1 : drug-dependent GPIb/IX antibodies inhibit megakaryocyte and proplatelet production in vitro.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The development of @entity2 is a well-recognized side effect of many drugs. @entity3 - and @entity4 -dependent antibodies are classic examples of drug-induced effects that cause severe, life-threatening @entity1 . Whereas the effects of drug-dependent antibodies on platelets have been well documented, their effects on megakaryocyte (Mk) biology are still unclear. We analyzed sera from several @entity3 -induced @entity1 (QITP) @entity0 on highly pure Mks (98% glycoprotein IIb-positive [GPIIb(+)]; 92% GPIX(+)) derived from @entity0 CD34(+) cells cultured with @entity0 thrombopoietin. We demonstrate by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy that QITP IgGs bind Mks efficiently in the presence of @entity3 . Incubation of day-4 Mks with QITP sera or purified IgG resulted in induction of apoptosis, a significant decrease in cell viability, and an increase in cell death. Furthermore, QITP sera preferentially reduced the number of late GPIX(+)/GPIba(+) Mks and the number of receptors per cell in the surviving population. Ploidy distribution, lobularity, and average cell size of Mks remained unchanged after treatment. In addition, treated Mks showed a marked decrease in their proplatelet production capacity, suggesting that drug-dependent antibodies hinder platelet production. Therefore, QITP antibodies considerably reduce the proplatelet production capabilities of Mks despite undetectable effects on DNA content, morphology, and cell size.

title: @entity3 -induced XXXX : drug-dependent GPIb/IX antibodies inhibit megakaryocyte and proplatelet production in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This single-arm, multicenter, phase II study examined the objective response rate and @entity3 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity2 and @entity6 in @entity0 with stage IB-IIIA @entity7 . Treatment consisted of three 21-day cycles of @entity2 (1000 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 8 and @entity6 (75 mg/m(2)) on day 1 of each cycle. Surgery was performed 4-5 weeks after day 1 of the last cycle of study therapy. A total of 52 @entity0 from five investigative sites in Russia were enrolled in the study, of which 50 (96.2%) received study therapy. Of the 49 @entity0 who were evaluable for response, six (12.2%) had a complete response and 16 (32.7%) had a partial response, resulting in an overall response rate of 44.9%. Disease progression occurred in four out of the 49 (8.2%) @entity0 . Radical @entity1 resection was performed in 38 out of the 49 (77.6%) @entity0 . A total of 41 @entity0 were assessed for a pathological complete response, of which four (9.8%) @entity0 had pathological complete @entity1 regression. Postsurgical restaging was performed in 36 out of the 41 (87.8%) @entity0 . @entity1 downstaging occurred in 16 out of the 36 (44.4%) @entity0 . Grade 3/4 @entity8 and @entity5 were experienced by 28.0%/6.0% @entity0 and 6.0%/2.0% @entity0 , respectively. Grade 3 @entity4 occurred in 4.0% of the @entity0 . Nonhematological @entity3 was mild. Overall mortality was 30.0% (15 out of 50 @entity0 ), predominantly from progressive disease. The 1-year overall survival rate was 74.4% (95% confidence interval: 61.3-87.6%). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity2 and @entity6 showed a good safety profile with an encouraging possibility of curative surgery in @entity0 with early-stage @entity7 .

title: @entity2 combined with XXXX as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage IB-IIIA @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: This single-arm, multicenter, phase II study examined the objective response rate and @entity3 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity2 and @entity6 in @entity0 with stage IB-IIIA @entity7 . Treatment consisted of three 21-day cycles of @entity2 (1000 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 8 and @entity6 (75 mg/m(2)) on day 1 of each cycle. Surgery was performed 4-5 weeks after day 1 of the last cycle of study therapy. A total of 52 @entity0 from five investigative sites in Russia were enrolled in the study, of which 50 (96.2%) received study therapy. Of the 49 @entity0 who were evaluable for response, six (12.2%) had a complete response and 16 (32.7%) had a partial response, resulting in an overall response rate of 44.9%. Disease progression occurred in four out of the 49 (8.2%) @entity0 . Radical @entity1 resection was performed in 38 out of the 49 (77.6%) @entity0 . A total of 41 @entity0 were assessed for a pathological complete response, of which four (9.8%) @entity0 had pathological complete @entity1 regression. Postsurgical restaging was performed in 36 out of the 41 (87.8%) @entity0 . @entity1 downstaging occurred in 16 out of the 36 (44.4%) @entity0 . Grade 3/4 @entity8 and @entity5 were experienced by 28.0%/6.0% @entity0 and 6.0%/2.0% @entity0 , respectively. Grade 3 @entity4 occurred in 4.0% of the @entity0 . Nonhematological @entity3 was mild. Overall mortality was 30.0% (15 out of 50 @entity0 ), predominantly from progressive disease. The 1-year overall survival rate was 74.4% (95% confidence interval: 61.3-87.6%). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity2 and @entity6 showed a good safety profile with an encouraging possibility of curative surgery in @entity0 with early-stage @entity7 .

title: @entity2 combined with @entity6 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage IB-IIIA XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: This single-arm, multicenter, phase II study examined the objective response rate and @entity3 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity2 and @entity6 in @entity0 with stage IB-IIIA @entity7 . Treatment consisted of three 21-day cycles of @entity2 (1000 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 8 and @entity6 (75 mg/m(2)) on day 1 of each cycle. Surgery was performed 4-5 weeks after day 1 of the last cycle of study therapy. A total of 52 @entity0 from five investigative sites in Russia were enrolled in the study, of which 50 (96.2%) received study therapy. Of the 49 @entity0 who were evaluable for response, six (12.2%) had a complete response and 16 (32.7%) had a partial response, resulting in an overall response rate of 44.9%. Disease progression occurred in four out of the 49 (8.2%) @entity0 . Radical @entity1 resection was performed in 38 out of the 49 (77.6%) @entity0 . A total of 41 @entity0 were assessed for a pathological complete response, of which four (9.8%) @entity0 had pathological complete @entity1 regression. Postsurgical restaging was performed in 36 out of the 41 (87.8%) @entity0 . @entity1 downstaging occurred in 16 out of the 36 (44.4%) @entity0 . Grade 3/4 @entity8 and @entity5 were experienced by 28.0%/6.0% @entity0 and 6.0%/2.0% @entity0 , respectively. Grade 3 @entity4 occurred in 4.0% of the @entity0 . Nonhematological @entity3 was mild. Overall mortality was 30.0% (15 out of 50 @entity0 ), predominantly from progressive disease. The 1-year overall survival rate was 74.4% (95% confidence interval: 61.3-87.6%). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity2 and @entity6 showed a good safety profile with an encouraging possibility of curative surgery in @entity0 with early-stage @entity7 .

title: XXXX combined with @entity6 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage IB-IIIA @entity7 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Alterations in the central nervous system leading to higher @entity3 sensitivity have been shown in both @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The aim of this study was to disclose commonalities and differences in the pathophysiology of @entity4 and @entity5 . METHODS: We used the quantitative sensory testing protocol of the German Research Network on @entity1 to obtain comprehensive profiles of somatosensory functions. The protocol comprised thermal and mechanical detection and @entity3 thresholds, vibration thresholds, and @entity3 sensitivity to sharp and blunt mechanical stimuli. We studied 21 @entity4 @entity0 (mean @entity3 duration: 13.4 y), 23 @entity5 subjects (mean @entity3 duration: 15.9 y), and 20 @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Each @entity0 received the test battery on the back and on the dorsal hand ( @entity3 -free control site). RESULTS: On the back, @entity4 @entity0 showed increased thermal and mechanical @entity3 sensitivity compared with @entity2 and @entity5 @entity0 . On the hand dorsum, @entity4 @entity0 showed higher mechanical @entity3 sensitivity compared with @entity5 @entity0 and @entity2 and higher cold @entity3 sensitivity compared with @entity2 . @entity5 @entity0 showed increased @entity3 sensitivity and lower vibration sensitivity on the back, but no significant differences on the hand dorsum compared with @entity2 . DISCUSSION: @entity4 @entity0 showed increased sensitivity for different @entity3 modalities at all measured body areas, suggesting central disinhibition as a potential mechanism. @entity5 @entity0 in contrast, showed localized alterations within the affected segment possibly due to peripheral sensitization.

title: Quantitative sensory testing profiles in @entity5 are distinct from those in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Alterations in the central nervous system leading to higher @entity3 sensitivity have been shown in both @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The aim of this study was to disclose commonalities and differences in the pathophysiology of @entity4 and @entity5 . METHODS: We used the quantitative sensory testing protocol of the German Research Network on @entity1 to obtain comprehensive profiles of somatosensory functions. The protocol comprised thermal and mechanical detection and @entity3 thresholds, vibration thresholds, and @entity3 sensitivity to sharp and blunt mechanical stimuli. We studied 21 @entity4 @entity0 (mean @entity3 duration: 13.4 y), 23 @entity5 subjects (mean @entity3 duration: 15.9 y), and 20 @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Each @entity0 received the test battery on the back and on the dorsal hand ( @entity3 -free control site). RESULTS: On the back, @entity4 @entity0 showed increased thermal and mechanical @entity3 sensitivity compared with @entity2 and @entity5 @entity0 . On the hand dorsum, @entity4 @entity0 showed higher mechanical @entity3 sensitivity compared with @entity5 @entity0 and @entity2 and higher cold @entity3 sensitivity compared with @entity2 . @entity5 @entity0 showed increased @entity3 sensitivity and lower vibration sensitivity on the back, but no significant differences on the hand dorsum compared with @entity2 . DISCUSSION: @entity4 @entity0 showed increased sensitivity for different @entity3 modalities at all measured body areas, suggesting central disinhibition as a potential mechanism. @entity5 @entity0 in contrast, showed localized alterations within the affected segment possibly due to peripheral sensitization.

title: Quantitative sensory testing profiles in XXXX are distinct from those in @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tea catechins inhibit the activity of the enzyme @entity6 reductase, which catalyzes the inactive form of @entity3 @entity8 to the active form of @entity3 @entity9 . This inhibition leads to disturbance of the @entity3 metabolic pathway and to lower bioavailability of @entity3 to cells; therefore, it may increase the risk of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in a developing embryo. We examined the association between tea drinking during the periconceptional period and the risk of @entity2 . METHODS: Cases were fetuses or neonates with an NTD as ascertained through a population-based surveillance system in 4 rural counties of Shanxi Province in northern China during 2002 through 2007. Controls were term @entity0 without @entity1 . Demographic, reproductive, and exposure data were obtained through a face-to-face interview. RESULTS: A total of 631 NTD cases and 857 controls were included in the analysis. Compared with @entity0 who did not drink tea during the periconceptional period (487 cases and 688 controls), @entity0 who drank tea daily (20 cases and 9 controls) had a 3-fold increased risk (odds ratio = 3.1 [95% confidence interval = 1.4-7.0]) of having an NTD-affected pregnancy. The elevated risk associated with daily tea drinking remained after adjusting for maternal age, educational level, occupation, and periconceptional @entity3 supplementation (3.4 [1.4-8.3]). The association was present for all 3 major subtypes of @entity2 (ie, @entity7 , @entity4 , and @entity5 ). CONCLUSIONS: Daily tea drinking during the periconceptional period was associated with an elevated risk of @entity2 in this Chinese population.

title: Tea drinking as a risk factor for XXXX in northern China.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Shoulder problems, especially SLAP (superior labral anterior-posterior) lesions, are frequent in rock climbers. Although various SLAP repair methods demonstrate 75% to 97% good functional outcomes in general population, the results in overhead athletes are inconsistent and the question whether a primary tenodesis is more efficient arises. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The @entity0 were treated as inpatient surgical @entity0 , and the follow-up was performed after 6 months and 2 years. @entity0 : Six high-level rock climbers with @entity1 and @entity1 were surgically treated with primary tenodesis. INTERVENTIONS: Primary tenodesis was performed for @entity1 in high-level climbers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The postoperative outcome was assessed through physical examination after 6 months and 2 years, Constant-Murley score, re-establishment of initial climbing ability level, and self-perception of the function of the shoulder and climbing ability. RESULTS: All climbers regained their initial climbing level after 6 months. The Constant-Murley score (mean, 97.3%) showed an excellent functional outcome. The self-perception of the shoulder function and climbing ability was 96.8% of normal. CONCLUSIONS: The primary biceps tenodesis is proved to be a reliable alternative to arthroscopic SLAP repair in overhead athletes, especially if constant microtrauma persists.

title: Superior XXXX in rock climbers   primary double tenodesis?

answer: @entity1


abstract: The increased use of explosives in recent wars has increased the number of veterans with @entity7 . Of particular interest is blast @entity5 , and a key question is whether the primary overpressure wave of the blast is injurious or whether @entity5 from blast is mostly due to secondary and tertiary effects. Using a shock tube generating shock waves comparable to open-field blast waves, we explored the effects of blast on parenchymatous organs of @entity0 with emphasis on the brain. The main injuries in nonbrain organs were @entity4 in the lung interstitium and alveolar spaces and @entity3 in liver, spleen, and kidney. Neuropathological and behavioral outcomes of blast were studied at mild blast intensity, that is, 68    8 kPag (9.9    1.2 psig) static pressure, 103 kPag (14.9 psig) total pressure and 183    14 kPag (26.5    2.1 psig) membrane rupture pressure. Under these conditions, we observed multifocal @entity1 , primarily in the cerebellum/brainstem, the corticospinal system, and the optic tract. We also found prolonged behavioral and motor abnormalities, including @entity6 and in motor coordination. Shielding of the torso ameliorated @entity1 and @entity2 . These findings indicate that long CNS axon tracts are particularly vulnerable to the effects of blast, even at mild intensities that match the exposure of most veterans in recent wars. Prevention of some of these neurological effects by torso shielding may generate new ideas as to how to protect military and civilian populations in blast scenarios.

title: A @entity0 model of XXXX to brain: initial pathological, neuropathological, and behavioral characterization.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The increased use of explosives in recent wars has increased the number of veterans with @entity7 . Of particular interest is blast @entity5 , and a key question is whether the primary overpressure wave of the blast is injurious or whether @entity5 from blast is mostly due to secondary and tertiary effects. Using a shock tube generating shock waves comparable to open-field blast waves, we explored the effects of blast on parenchymatous organs of @entity0 with emphasis on the brain. The main injuries in nonbrain organs were @entity4 in the lung interstitium and alveolar spaces and @entity3 in liver, spleen, and kidney. Neuropathological and behavioral outcomes of blast were studied at mild blast intensity, that is, 68    8 kPag (9.9    1.2 psig) static pressure, 103 kPag (14.9 psig) total pressure and 183    14 kPag (26.5    2.1 psig) membrane rupture pressure. Under these conditions, we observed multifocal @entity1 , primarily in the cerebellum/brainstem, the corticospinal system, and the optic tract. We also found prolonged behavioral and motor abnormalities, including @entity6 and in motor coordination. Shielding of the torso ameliorated @entity1 and @entity2 . These findings indicate that long CNS axon tracts are particularly vulnerable to the effects of blast, even at mild intensities that match the exposure of most veterans in recent wars. Prevention of some of these neurological effects by torso shielding may generate new ideas as to how to protect military and civilian populations in blast scenarios.

title: A XXXX model of @entity7 to brain: initial pathological, neuropathological, and behavioral characterization.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 caused by @entity4 is relatively rare, and a delayed recrudescent case of @entity2 is very uncommon. We herein report a rare case of a Japanese 56-year-old male with delayed @entity5 due to @entity4 . A @entity2 was formed after a drainage operation against a perforation of the sigmoid colon diverticulum. After 5 years from treatment, he was admitted to our hospital because of lower @entity3 . We diagnosed the @entity5 by abdominal computed tomography and gastrografin enema, and managed the @entity0 with total parenteral nutrition and antibiotics. As the @entity2 formation did not improve, a low anterior resection with fistulectomy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and the @entity0 was discharged. It has been reported that, in fistulas of the skin caused by @entity1 , complete closure of the @entity2 by conservative therapy may not be possible. This case also implies the possibility of a recurrence of the @entity2 even if the conservative treatment was effective. In cases of @entity2 due to @entity4 , radical surgery is considered necessary because of possibility of recurrence of the @entity2 .

title: A Delayed Recrudescent Case of Sigmoidocutaneous Fistula due to XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The authors describe 10 @entity0 with associated @entity1 and @entity4 and a female @entity0 with associated @entity8 and a three-shoot autoimmune peripheral @entity6 . In 8 @entity0 @entity7 preceded the appearance of @entity4 , in 3 @entity0 , both the conditions were diagnosed at a time. In 4 @entity0 , the measurements were taken of the IgG content on the surface of platelets according to Dixon et al. In 3 patients, the IgG content turned out to be appreciably elevated, in one @entity0 , the content of IgG was within normal, however the latter @entity0 was examined after @entity2 intake that had given rise to an increase in the platelet count. Two @entity0 who received radioactive @entity5 and three @entity0 treated by thyrostatic drugs were later on subjected to splenectomy. In 4 @entity0 , @entity4 remitted after subtotal strumectomy. One female @entity0 was subjected to sectoral resection of the thyroid. Two years after surgery the @entity0 , who was in an euthyroid state, developed @entity4 which required splenectomy. It is possible that in the latter case there was no direct relation between the two diseases. The relationship between the two @entity3 , @entity1 and @entity4 , remained unclear in other 10 cases. The relationship between the diseases under consideration and approaches to specifying the character of such a relationship are under discussion.

title: [Autoimmune @entity4 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The authors describe 10 @entity0 with associated @entity1 and @entity4 and a female @entity0 with associated @entity8 and a three-shoot autoimmune peripheral @entity6 . In 8 @entity0 @entity7 preceded the appearance of @entity4 , in 3 @entity0 , both the conditions were diagnosed at a time. In 4 @entity0 , the measurements were taken of the IgG content on the surface of platelets according to Dixon et al. In 3 patients, the IgG content turned out to be appreciably elevated, in one @entity0 , the content of IgG was within normal, however the latter @entity0 was examined after @entity2 intake that had given rise to an increase in the platelet count. Two @entity0 who received radioactive @entity5 and three @entity0 treated by thyrostatic drugs were later on subjected to splenectomy. In 4 @entity0 , @entity4 remitted after subtotal strumectomy. One female @entity0 was subjected to sectoral resection of the thyroid. Two years after surgery the @entity0 , who was in an euthyroid state, developed @entity4 which required splenectomy. It is possible that in the latter case there was no direct relation between the two diseases. The relationship between the two @entity3 , @entity1 and @entity4 , remained unclear in other 10 cases. The relationship between the diseases under consideration and approaches to specifying the character of such a relationship are under discussion.

title: [Autoimmune XXXX and @entity1 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: RATIONALE: Muscarinic @entity2 receptors (mAChR) are G protein-coupled receptors, widely expressed in the CNS. Electrophysiological and molecular studies have provided evidence for overactive M1 receptor signaling in the @entity3 knockout ( @entity4 KO) @entity0 model, suggesting the involvement of the M1 receptors in @entity3 . Overactive signaling through the M1 receptor has been hypothesized to contribute to the phenotypes seen in @entity3 @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: We investigated the modulation of behavioral responses in the @entity4 KO animals by reducing the activity through the muscarinic M1 receptor using the pharmacological agent @entity5 , an M1 antagonist. METHODS: The behavioral assays used to investigate the pharmacological effects include marble burying (perseverative behavior), open-field exploration (activity), passive avoidance (learning and memory), prepulse inhibition (sensorimotor gating), and @entity1 . RESULTS: Data from the marble-burying assay suggests that treatment with @entity5 results in a decrease in the number of marbles buried in the wild-type and in the KO animals. To examine the possibility of drug-induced sedation, overall activity was measured in an open-field chamber. @entity5 only increases activity at a dose of 20  mg/kg in the wild-type @entity0 but did not affect exploration in the KO animals. Lastly, we observed that @entity5 causes a significant decrease in the percentage of @entity1 in the @entity4 KO animals. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that pharmacologically reducing the activity through the @entity6 alters select behavioral responses in the @entity4 KO @entity0 .

title: Modulation of behavioral phenotypes by a muscarinic M1 antagonist in a @entity0 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: RATIONALE: Muscarinic @entity2 receptors (mAChR) are G protein-coupled receptors, widely expressed in the CNS. Electrophysiological and molecular studies have provided evidence for overactive M1 receptor signaling in the @entity3 knockout ( @entity4 KO) @entity0 model, suggesting the involvement of the M1 receptors in @entity3 . Overactive signaling through the M1 receptor has been hypothesized to contribute to the phenotypes seen in @entity3 @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: We investigated the modulation of behavioral responses in the @entity4 KO animals by reducing the activity through the muscarinic M1 receptor using the pharmacological agent @entity5 , an M1 antagonist. METHODS: The behavioral assays used to investigate the pharmacological effects include marble burying (perseverative behavior), open-field exploration (activity), passive avoidance (learning and memory), prepulse inhibition (sensorimotor gating), and @entity1 . RESULTS: Data from the marble-burying assay suggests that treatment with @entity5 results in a decrease in the number of marbles buried in the wild-type and in the KO animals. To examine the possibility of drug-induced sedation, overall activity was measured in an open-field chamber. @entity5 only increases activity at a dose of 20  mg/kg in the wild-type @entity0 but did not affect exploration in the KO animals. Lastly, we observed that @entity5 causes a significant decrease in the percentage of @entity1 in the @entity4 KO animals. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that pharmacologically reducing the activity through the @entity6 alters select behavioral responses in the @entity4 KO @entity0 .

title: Modulation of behavioral phenotypes by a muscarinic M1 antagonist in a XXXX model of @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We herein report a case of @entity4 caused by acute exacerbation of undiagnosed @entity3 ( @entity3 ). A 76-year-old @entity0 underwent two subsequent operations, cholecystectomy and resection of @entity2 in the neck, under general anesthesia at an interval of 12 days. Although the postoperative course of the first operation was uneventful, the @entity0 abruptly developed @entity4 on the 4th postoperative day (POD) of the second operation. Although @entity1 therapy was transiently effective to improve oxygenation, @entity4 was gradually deteriorated. She died on the 25th POD. She had a past history of right upper lobectomy for @entity6 resulting from @entity5 in another hospital 4 years ago. The follow-up CT performed in this hospital demonstrated subtle foci of ground-glass opacities in the left lung; however, no diagnosis of @entity3 had been made. Thus, we concluded that idiopathic @entity3 had gradually advanced preoperatively, and acute exacerbation was triggered by perioperative stress. The present case warned us that acute exacerbation of @entity3 could occur in a @entity0 with mild symptoms. Therefore, preoperative proper diagnosis is thought to be important as acute exacerbation of @entity3 is a highly morbid clinical event.

title: XXXX caused by acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Low-grade @entity2 are slow-growing @entity1 invading eloquent areas and white matter pathways. For many decades these @entity1 were considered inoperable because of their high tropism for eloquent areas. However, the young age of the @entity0 and the inescapable anaplastic transformation have recently suggested more aggressive treatments. We analyzed the neurological and neuro-oncological outcome of 12 @entity0 who underwent surgery fully awake for the resection of LGG, harboring eloquent areas. 10 right- and 2 left-handed @entity0 underwent pre-operative assessment: Karnofsky Performance Status, Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Score; neuropsychological and neurophysiological evaluations, according to the @entity1 location. During surgery we performed: sensory-motor-evoked potentials, continuous electro-corticography and bipolar/monopolar cortico-subcortical mapping during neuropsychological tests. The resection rate was calculated with neuro-imaging elaboration software. No permanent @entity3 were reported; 2 @entity0 improved after surgery. No @entity4 was reported. The KPS improved in 8 @entity0 and was steady in the others. The mean resection rate was 78.3%. The resection allowed the control of pre-operative @entity5 without increasing the drug intake. Awake surgery allowed a good resection rate despite the eloquent location of the @entity1 , without post-operative deficit. The neuropsychological outcome was unchanged after surgery. The resection seems to improve @entity5 control. All the @entity0 came back to normal life and work. In conclusion, awake surgery is reliable and feasible in removal of LGG, even if invading the main eloquent areas and networks. All the @entity0 experienced a normal life after surgery, without @entity3 .

title: Awake surgery in low-grade XXXX harboring eloquent areas: 3-year mean follow-up.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 is the most common @entity1 in the United States, with about 1,000,000 @entity0 developing the disease each year. The incidence of @entity3 has rapidly increased in young white @entity0 between the ages of 15-34 over the last three decades. While @entity3 accounts for approximately 3% of @entity4 , it causes more than 75% of @entity4 deaths. Thorough skin assessments and awareness of new or changing appearance of @entity2 are critical to early detection and treatment of @entity4 , as well as teaching sun-protective behaviors. Educators created a novel approach to "bring to life" @entity4 assessment skills to promote awareness of prevention and early detection of @entity4 using moulage in a @entity0 @entity0 simulation lab. Through the use of moulage-like lesions, simulated @entity0 were evaluated and taught @entity4 prevention and early detection principles by baccalaureate nursing students. The average age of study @entity0 (n   =   104) was 26.50  years. The majority of responders were female. At the end of the lab, students' average responses to an evaluation based on program goals were very positive. Anecdotal comments affirmed positive student perceptions of their simulation experience. Data analyses indicated item means were consistently higher for upper-division students. The age and gender of students who participated in this study align with the NCI statistics on age and gender of the population with increased incidence of @entity3 .

title: Bringing skin assessments to life using @entity0 @entity0 simulation: an emphasis on XXXX prevention and early detection.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 is the most common @entity1 in the United States, with about 1,000,000 @entity0 developing the disease each year. The incidence of @entity3 has rapidly increased in young white @entity0 between the ages of 15-34 over the last three decades. While @entity3 accounts for approximately 3% of @entity4 , it causes more than 75% of @entity4 deaths. Thorough skin assessments and awareness of new or changing appearance of @entity2 are critical to early detection and treatment of @entity4 , as well as teaching sun-protective behaviors. Educators created a novel approach to "bring to life" @entity4 assessment skills to promote awareness of prevention and early detection of @entity4 using moulage in a @entity0 @entity0 simulation lab. Through the use of moulage-like lesions, simulated @entity0 were evaluated and taught @entity4 prevention and early detection principles by baccalaureate nursing students. The average age of study @entity0 (n   =   104) was 26.50  years. The majority of responders were female. At the end of the lab, students' average responses to an evaluation based on program goals were very positive. Anecdotal comments affirmed positive student perceptions of their simulation experience. Data analyses indicated item means were consistently higher for upper-division students. The age and gender of students who participated in this study align with the NCI statistics on age and gender of the population with increased incidence of @entity3 .

title: Bringing skin assessments to life using XXXX @entity0 simulation: an emphasis on @entity1 prevention and early detection.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 is the most common @entity1 in the United States, with about 1,000,000 @entity0 developing the disease each year. The incidence of @entity3 has rapidly increased in young white @entity0 between the ages of 15-34 over the last three decades. While @entity3 accounts for approximately 3% of @entity4 , it causes more than 75% of @entity4 deaths. Thorough skin assessments and awareness of new or changing appearance of @entity2 are critical to early detection and treatment of @entity4 , as well as teaching sun-protective behaviors. Educators created a novel approach to "bring to life" @entity4 assessment skills to promote awareness of prevention and early detection of @entity4 using moulage in a @entity0 @entity0 simulation lab. Through the use of moulage-like lesions, simulated @entity0 were evaluated and taught @entity4 prevention and early detection principles by baccalaureate nursing students. The average age of study @entity0 (n   =   104) was 26.50  years. The majority of responders were female. At the end of the lab, students' average responses to an evaluation based on program goals were very positive. Anecdotal comments affirmed positive student perceptions of their simulation experience. Data analyses indicated item means were consistently higher for upper-division students. The age and gender of students who participated in this study align with the NCI statistics on age and gender of the population with increased incidence of @entity3 .

title: Bringing skin assessments to life using @entity0 XXXX simulation: an emphasis on @entity1 prevention and early detection.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Stored sera from 466 @entity0 with @entity3 and from 144 controls were examined for organ-specific antibodies to @entity0 adrenal cortex. Adrenal antibodies were found in seven of the @entity0 with @entity3 (1.5%) and in one control (0.7%). None of 91 black @entity0 with @entity3 had adrenal antibodies. All of the seven @entity0 with adrenal antibodies had other organ-specific antibodies. Three had clinical @entity2 and one was @entity4 . All of these seven @entity0 had a HLA-B8-bearing haplotype, suggesting that the B8-bearing haplotype confers an extremely high "relative risk" for adrenal autoimmunity in @entity3 . Organ-specific @entity1 and/or organ-specific antibodies were found in 30% of the first-degree relatives of these eight probands with the adrenal antibodies (seven with @entity3 and one control). We conclude that screening @entity0 with @entity3 for adrenal antibodies of low yield (1.9% among white @entity0 ). Further, adrenal antibodies may be present for at least two years without the development of @entity5 . Antibodies reactive only to the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex may be benign. @entity0 with @entity3 and thyroid microsomal antibodies are more likely to have adrenal antibodies (6.5%), as are @entity0 with @entity3 and a B8-bearing haplotype and those with @entity3 and family histories of organ-specific autoimmunity.

title: Adrenal autoantibodies and @entity5 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Stored sera from 466 @entity0 with @entity3 and from 144 controls were examined for organ-specific antibodies to @entity0 adrenal cortex. Adrenal antibodies were found in seven of the @entity0 with @entity3 (1.5%) and in one control (0.7%). None of 91 black @entity0 with @entity3 had adrenal antibodies. All of the seven @entity0 with adrenal antibodies had other organ-specific antibodies. Three had clinical @entity2 and one was @entity4 . All of these seven @entity0 had a HLA-B8-bearing haplotype, suggesting that the B8-bearing haplotype confers an extremely high "relative risk" for adrenal autoimmunity in @entity3 . Organ-specific @entity1 and/or organ-specific antibodies were found in 30% of the first-degree relatives of these eight probands with the adrenal antibodies (seven with @entity3 and one control). We conclude that screening @entity0 with @entity3 for adrenal antibodies of low yield (1.9% among white @entity0 ). Further, adrenal antibodies may be present for at least two years without the development of @entity5 . Antibodies reactive only to the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex may be benign. @entity0 with @entity3 and thyroid microsomal antibodies are more likely to have adrenal antibodies (6.5%), as are @entity0 with @entity3 and a B8-bearing haplotype and those with @entity3 and family histories of organ-specific autoimmunity.

title: Adrenal autoantibodies and XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: In laparoscopic anterior resection, minilaparotomy still is required. Recently, transvaginal hybrid natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) techniques for cholecystectomy have been described. Reports on operations that require removal of larger specimens, as in anterior resection, are scarce and limited primarily to small case series and case reports. The current study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of transvaginal rigid-hybrid NOTES anterior resection (tvAR) for symptomatic @entity1 . METHODS: All female @entity0 presenting with symptomatic @entity9 of the sigmoid colon were candidates for inclusion in the study. The exclusion criteria specified failure to sign informed consent, previous colorectal resection, anesthesiologic contraindication for @entity3 , @entity8 and @entity7 , severe acute @entity5 , internal fistula with @entity6 (Hinchey 2b), @entity9 with @entity2 (Hinchey 3 or 4), gynecologic or urologic contraindications, and absence of preoperative gynecologic examination. A preoperative and 2-week postoperative gynecologic examination was performed. Quality of life and sexual function were assessed preoperatively and 6  weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: Of 70 @entity0 , 45 (64.3%) were scheduled for tvAR. Five @entity0 were withdrawn at the beginning of laparoscopy with no transvaginal access performed. Of the remaining 40 @entity0 with attempted tvAR, 4 @entity0 underwent conversion to a minilaparotomy (Pfannenstiel incision) and 2 @entity0 were converted to a total median laparotomy. For 34 @entity0 (85%), the operation was completed transvaginally. @entity4 and 10 minor complications occurred. No serious postoperative gynecologic morbidity was experienced. At 6  weeks postoperatively, sexual function did not differ significantly from preoperative status. CONCLUSIONS: For symptomatic @entity1 , TvAR is feasible, although the presented technique requires laparoscopic expertise and further refinement.

title: Transvaginal rigid-hybrid natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery technique for anterior resection treatment of XXXX : a feasibility study.

answer: @entity9


abstract: AIM: To analyze clinical manifestations, ictal, interictal and intraoperative EEG monitoring in @entity0 with medical treatment refractory temporal @entity2 successfully controlled surgically. @entity0 AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis, 33 @entity0 . Mean age: 36    11.40; number of monthly @entity3 : 9    14.23; mean duration of disease: 22 years; number of anti- @entity2 drugs: 3    0.93; average monitoring duration on Intensive Video-EEG Monitoring Unit: 6.42    3.61 days. Scalp EEG was recorded with surface electrodes placed according to the 10-20 international system. RESULTS: 158 @entity3 were recorded, most of them focal complex. 82% of @entity0 presented aura. Disturbances of consciousness appeared in 94.3%, being more precocious than the automatisms in the majority of the sample. The most frequent and precocious automatisms were oromandibular. Intercritical: epileptiform activity was observed in 87.9% of cases; sharp waves in 93.1%, increasing with @entity1 in 97%. Polyspikes during REM sleep in 21.2%. @entity2 in 21.1%. Ictal activity: changes on EEG activity was observed previous to clinical manifestation in more than 69%. Type of ictal onset: flattening (46%), rhythmic slow activity (41.7%). Ictal onset was focal in 48.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed knowledge of clinical and electrical manifestations of @entity4 would allow a precocious diagnosis and a reduction of accessing time of these @entity0 to surgical treatment in case of pharmaco-resistance.

title: [Refractory temporal XXXX . An analysis of 33 cases submitted to surgery].

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in @entity3 and identify features that correlate with the neurologic status and outcome. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: MRI plays an important role in the diagnosis of @entity3 with a high specificity and sensitivity. It allows demonstration of bony, soft tissue and neural pathology; however, the clinical correlation is not clear. METHODS: MRI scans of 82 consecutively managed @entity3 @entity0 over a 4-year period were studied. Data including age, gender, @entity0 @entity2 virus status, neurologic status were reviewed. This was correlated with preoperative MRI findings including level of involvement, percentage of vertebral body destruction, kyphotic angle, soft tissue involvement, cord size, and cord signal changes. RESULTS: Fifty-two percent of @entity0 presented in a nonambulatory state, 21% mild @entity1 , and 27% were intact. Of those with @entity1 , significant recovery occurred in 92%, with 74% improving from nonambulatory to ambulatory status. The @entity0 ambulant at presentation had a larger cord dimension than those who were not ambulatory. Cerebrospinal fluid persisting anterior to the cord at the apex of the deformity showed a trend to residual neurologic function. There was no significant correlation found between ambulatory status and the presence of an epidural abscess, kyphotic angle, or vertebral body destruction. There was no evidence of myelomalacia on the MRI scans, but cord signal changes on T2 images were present in 94% of @entity0 presenting with @entity1 . CONCLUSION: There is correlation between residual cord size, cerebrospinal fluid remaining anterior to the cord, presence of cord signal changes in the T2-weighted images, and @entity1 ; however, none were predictive of outcome. There was no significant correlation found between ambulatory status and the presence of an epidural abscess, kyphotic angle, or vertebral body destruction.

title: XXXX : magnetic resonance imaging and neurological impairment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Injection of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) into the left atrium or ventricle activates a @entity1 chemoreflex. The primary purpose of our study was to determine the afferent pathway(s) that mediates this response. A secondary goal was to localize the receptive sites of this reflex. We measured changes in arterial pressure, reflex vascular responses in skeletal muscle and paw, and changes in renal nerve traffic that occurred after the left atrial or left ventricular injection of @entity2 . Injection of @entity2 (100 to 600 micrograms) into left atrium or ventricle produced large reflex increases in vascular resistance and sympathetic outflow. These responses were not reduced after bilateral cervical vagotomy. In separate experiments, @entity0 with left ventricular injection of @entity2 were assessed before and after cardiac sympathetic deafferentation. Interruption of cardiac sympathetic afferent pathways did not significantly attenuate @entity0 with @entity2 . Injection of @entity2 (300 micrograms) into the aortic root produced large increases in arterial pressure but this was not observed after injections into the vertebral or common carotid arteries or descending aorta. Injection of @entity2 (100 micrograms) into the left main coronary artery (perfused via a Gregg cannula from an external reservoir) resulted in a depressor reflex (Bezold-Jarisch). In contrast, injection of @entity2 (200 micrograms) into the left ventricle when the drug was prevented from reaching the left coronary artery produced a large pressor response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: In search of afferent pathways of a cardiogenic XXXX chemoreflex.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1 The effects of intracarotid (i.a.) injections of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) and @entity7 (NaCN) on baroreceptor activity recorded from the sinus nerve have been investigated in @entity1 anaesthetized with @entity4 .2 Two types of baroreceptor unit were recorded. The predominant type discharged at least 3 to 4 spikes per pulse wave at normal BP; they are referred to as ;polyspike' units and may have been associated with A fibres. The other type discharged a maximum of 1 to 3 spikes per pulse wave, even at high BP; they are referred to as ;few-spike' units and may have been from C fibres.3 NaCN had no direct effect on either type of baroreceptor unit, even when injected in high doses (2.04 to 5.1 mumol i.a.) which cause maximal chemoreceptor stimulation, and it is concluded that as far as the cat's carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are concerned, @entity5 is a specific chemoreceptor stimulant.4 @entity3 had no direct effect on polyspike baroreceptor units unless very high doses (1.83 mumol i.a.) were injected, when there was occasionally a transient slight increase in discharge. This effect appeared to be secondary to muscle contraction caused by @entity3 since it was not seen when an adequate neuromuscular-blocking dose of @entity6 had been administered.5 @entity3 stimulated the few-spike type of baroreceptor unit, an effect which was dose-related and lasted for up to 3 s; the threshold dose for baroreceptor stimulation was higher than that needed to excite chemoreceptor units. The increased discharge also occurred during experiments in which @entity6 had been administered. Only five of these units were recorded during the investigation, despite an intensive search for them.6 There was a delayed increase in baroreceptor sensitivity following the administration of @entity3 in doses (37 to 366 nmol i.a.) which had no immediate direct effect on polyspike baroreceptor discharge. The effect was evidently not secondary to changes in sympathetic nerve activity to the sinus region since it was observed during an experiment in which the @entity0 had been cut. Whether the increased sensitivity resulted from direct or indirect actions of @entity3 remains to be determined.7 It is concluded that low doses of @entity3 or other drugs with nicotinic properties are unlikely to evoke baroreceptor reflexes on intracarotid injection, although they may cause delayed changes in baroreceptor sensitivity. Higher doses of @entity3 do not directly affect baroreceptor polyspike (A fibre) units, but transient baroreflex changes might result from stimulation of baroreceptor few-spike (C fibre) units. It is most unlikely that NaCN has any direct effect on baroreceptor reflex activity when injected into the carotid artery in doses used to elicit chemoreceptor reflexes.

title: Effects of @entity2 and XXXX on cat carotid baroreceptors.

answer: @entity7


abstract: 1 The effects of intracarotid (i.a.) injections of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) and @entity7 (NaCN) on baroreceptor activity recorded from the sinus nerve have been investigated in @entity1 anaesthetized with @entity4 .2 Two types of baroreceptor unit were recorded. The predominant type discharged at least 3 to 4 spikes per pulse wave at normal BP; they are referred to as ;polyspike' units and may have been associated with A fibres. The other type discharged a maximum of 1 to 3 spikes per pulse wave, even at high BP; they are referred to as ;few-spike' units and may have been from C fibres.3 NaCN had no direct effect on either type of baroreceptor unit, even when injected in high doses (2.04 to 5.1 mumol i.a.) which cause maximal chemoreceptor stimulation, and it is concluded that as far as the cat's carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are concerned, @entity5 is a specific chemoreceptor stimulant.4 @entity3 had no direct effect on polyspike baroreceptor units unless very high doses (1.83 mumol i.a.) were injected, when there was occasionally a transient slight increase in discharge. This effect appeared to be secondary to muscle contraction caused by @entity3 since it was not seen when an adequate neuromuscular-blocking dose of @entity6 had been administered.5 @entity3 stimulated the few-spike type of baroreceptor unit, an effect which was dose-related and lasted for up to 3 s; the threshold dose for baroreceptor stimulation was higher than that needed to excite chemoreceptor units. The increased discharge also occurred during experiments in which @entity6 had been administered. Only five of these units were recorded during the investigation, despite an intensive search for them.6 There was a delayed increase in baroreceptor sensitivity following the administration of @entity3 in doses (37 to 366 nmol i.a.) which had no immediate direct effect on polyspike baroreceptor discharge. The effect was evidently not secondary to changes in sympathetic nerve activity to the sinus region since it was observed during an experiment in which the @entity0 had been cut. Whether the increased sensitivity resulted from direct or indirect actions of @entity3 remains to be determined.7 It is concluded that low doses of @entity3 or other drugs with nicotinic properties are unlikely to evoke baroreceptor reflexes on intracarotid injection, although they may cause delayed changes in baroreceptor sensitivity. Higher doses of @entity3 do not directly affect baroreceptor polyspike (A fibre) units, but transient baroreflex changes might result from stimulation of baroreceptor few-spike (C fibre) units. It is most unlikely that NaCN has any direct effect on baroreceptor reflex activity when injected into the carotid artery in doses used to elicit chemoreceptor reflexes.

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity7 on cat carotid baroreceptors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 57-year-old @entity0 developed severe @entity6 radiating to the left arm accompanied by @entity8 and marked diaphoresis. These symptoms appeared at rest, lasted 45 minutes, and terminated spontaneously. The @entity0 had been treated for mild @entity1 during the last 6 months. An ECG tracing obtained at the beginning of treatment was unremarkable. However, an ECG tracing recorded shortly after the end of the symptoms showed T-wave inversion in all anterior leads. Coronary arteriography was then performed and showed no fixed obstructive @entity4 . Nonetheless, a lengthened and constricted @entity3 of both the left anterior descending coronary artery and its major diagonal branch was detected. Also, the left anterior descending coronary artery was observed to be very short, terminating before the cardiac apex. The left ventricle was hypertrophied. The @entity0 was treated with a beta-blocking agent which eliminated all symptoms. An ECG tracing obtained about three months after the onset of the clinical picture was normal. Our findings suggest that marked @entity7 at rest does occur in @entity0 having myocardial bridges under special circumstances, such as lengthened and constricted @entity3 of a short coronary artery which supplies a hypertrophied ventricle. This @entity2 should be taken into account as a possible cause of a threatened @entity5 , which may be successfully treated with a beta-blocking agent.

title: XXXX of coronary arteries associated with an impending acute @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 57-year-old @entity0 developed severe @entity6 radiating to the left arm accompanied by @entity8 and marked diaphoresis. These symptoms appeared at rest, lasted 45 minutes, and terminated spontaneously. The @entity0 had been treated for mild @entity1 during the last 6 months. An ECG tracing obtained at the beginning of treatment was unremarkable. However, an ECG tracing recorded shortly after the end of the symptoms showed T-wave inversion in all anterior leads. Coronary arteriography was then performed and showed no fixed obstructive @entity4 . Nonetheless, a lengthened and constricted @entity3 of both the left anterior descending coronary artery and its major diagonal branch was detected. Also, the left anterior descending coronary artery was observed to be very short, terminating before the cardiac apex. The left ventricle was hypertrophied. The @entity0 was treated with a beta-blocking agent which eliminated all symptoms. An ECG tracing obtained about three months after the onset of the clinical picture was normal. Our findings suggest that marked @entity7 at rest does occur in @entity0 having myocardial bridges under special circumstances, such as lengthened and constricted @entity3 of a short coronary artery which supplies a hypertrophied ventricle. This @entity2 should be taken into account as a possible cause of a threatened @entity5 , which may be successfully treated with a beta-blocking agent.

title: @entity3 of coronary arteries associated with an impending acute XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The ultrastructure of the vesicle-containing axon profiles in the myenteric @entity0 of the @entity1 stomach was studied in specimens fixed by vascular perfusion and in specimens fixed by immersion in cold fixative after incubation in @entity2 . Three major types of vesicle-containing axon profile were identified in the @entity0 : 1. Profiles containing numerous small, mainly shperical vesicles and only limited numbers of large dense-cored vesicles. In perfusion-fixed specimens, the small vesicles in these profiles were all clear. In specimens fixed by immersion after incubation in @entity2 , the profiles could be divided into three types: a) profiles containing small clear vesicles; b) profiles containing small dense-cored vesicles; c) profiles in which the small vesicles contained a peripheral rim of dense material. In these profiles, large vesicles which contained dense cores were rare. The mean diameter of the vesicles in the profiles was also significantly higher than in the profiles containing small clear vesicles. 2. Profiles containing flattened membrane-bounded structures. Reconstructions prepared from serial sections suggested that these structures represented sections through networks of smooth endoplasmic reticulum-like tubules rather than flattened vesicles. 3. Profiles containing many large dense-cored vesicles and few small clear vesicles. In perfusion-fixed specimens, the diameter of the dense-cored vesicles in these profiles was significantly higher than in the type 1 profiles. Type 1a and type 1c profiles were much more numerous than either type 2 or type 3 profiles. and type 1b profiles were few. Synaptic juctions were found in association only with type 1a profiles. Type 1a and type 1b profiles resembled cholinergic and adrenergic axon terminals. The remaining profiles may represent the terminals of different forms of peptidergic axon or of other as yet unidentified types of axon.

title: Axonal terminal ultrastructure in the myenteric @entity0 of the XXXX stomach.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The ultrastructure of the vesicle-containing axon profiles in the myenteric @entity0 of the @entity1 stomach was studied in specimens fixed by vascular perfusion and in specimens fixed by immersion in cold fixative after incubation in @entity2 . Three major types of vesicle-containing axon profile were identified in the @entity0 : 1. Profiles containing numerous small, mainly shperical vesicles and only limited numbers of large dense-cored vesicles. In perfusion-fixed specimens, the small vesicles in these profiles were all clear. In specimens fixed by immersion after incubation in @entity2 , the profiles could be divided into three types: a) profiles containing small clear vesicles; b) profiles containing small dense-cored vesicles; c) profiles in which the small vesicles contained a peripheral rim of dense material. In these profiles, large vesicles which contained dense cores were rare. The mean diameter of the vesicles in the profiles was also significantly higher than in the profiles containing small clear vesicles. 2. Profiles containing flattened membrane-bounded structures. Reconstructions prepared from serial sections suggested that these structures represented sections through networks of smooth endoplasmic reticulum-like tubules rather than flattened vesicles. 3. Profiles containing many large dense-cored vesicles and few small clear vesicles. In perfusion-fixed specimens, the diameter of the dense-cored vesicles in these profiles was significantly higher than in the type 1 profiles. Type 1a and type 1c profiles were much more numerous than either type 2 or type 3 profiles. and type 1b profiles were few. Synaptic juctions were found in association only with type 1a profiles. Type 1a and type 1b profiles resembled cholinergic and adrenergic axon terminals. The remaining profiles may represent the terminals of different forms of peptidergic axon or of other as yet unidentified types of axon.

title: Axonal terminal ultrastructure in the myenteric XXXX of the @entity1 stomach.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is an aggressive @entity1 that typically causes @entity3 due to local progression. To assess a novel low-dose radiotherapy regimen for treating @entity4 , we developed an orthotopic @entity2 model of @entity0 @entity4 and evaluated in vivo treatment efficacy using micro-positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (microPET/CT) @entity1 imaging. METHODS: Orthotopic @entity4 xenografts were established in @entity2 and treated with standard 2-Gy fractionation or 10 0.2-Gy pulses with 3-min interpulse intervals, for 7 consecutive days, for a total dose of 14 Gy. @entity1 growth was quantified weekly using the Flex Triumph (GE Healthcare/Gamma Medica-Ideas, Waukesha, WI) combined PET-single-photon emission CT (SPECT)-CT imaging system and necropsy histopathology. Normal tissue damage was assessed by counting dead neural cells in tissue sections from irradiated fields. RESULTS: @entity1 engraftment efficiency for U87MG cells was 86%. Implanting 0.5 * 10(6) cells produced a 50- to 70-mm(3) @entity1 in 10 to 14 days. A significant correlation was seen between CT-derived @entity1 volume and histopathology-measured volume (p = 0.018). The low-dose 0.2-Gy pulsed regimen produced a significantly longer @entity1 growth delay than standard 2-Gy fractionation (p = 0.045). Less normal neuronal cell @entity3 was observed after the pulsed delivery method (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: This study successfully demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo @entity5 imaging and longitudinal assessment of @entity1 growth and treatment response with microPET/CT. Pulsed radiation treatment was more efficacious than the standard fractionated treatment and was associated with less normal tissue damage.

title: MicroPET/CT imaging of an orthotopic model of @entity0 XXXX multiforme and evaluation of pulsed low-dose irradiation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is an aggressive @entity1 that typically causes @entity3 due to local progression. To assess a novel low-dose radiotherapy regimen for treating @entity4 , we developed an orthotopic @entity2 model of @entity0 @entity4 and evaluated in vivo treatment efficacy using micro-positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (microPET/CT) @entity1 imaging. METHODS: Orthotopic @entity4 xenografts were established in @entity2 and treated with standard 2-Gy fractionation or 10 0.2-Gy pulses with 3-min interpulse intervals, for 7 consecutive days, for a total dose of 14 Gy. @entity1 growth was quantified weekly using the Flex Triumph (GE Healthcare/Gamma Medica-Ideas, Waukesha, WI) combined PET-single-photon emission CT (SPECT)-CT imaging system and necropsy histopathology. Normal tissue damage was assessed by counting dead neural cells in tissue sections from irradiated fields. RESULTS: @entity1 engraftment efficiency for U87MG cells was 86%. Implanting 0.5 * 10(6) cells produced a 50- to 70-mm(3) @entity1 in 10 to 14 days. A significant correlation was seen between CT-derived @entity1 volume and histopathology-measured volume (p = 0.018). The low-dose 0.2-Gy pulsed regimen produced a significantly longer @entity1 growth delay than standard 2-Gy fractionation (p = 0.045). Less normal neuronal cell @entity3 was observed after the pulsed delivery method (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: This study successfully demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo @entity5 imaging and longitudinal assessment of @entity1 growth and treatment response with microPET/CT. Pulsed radiation treatment was more efficacious than the standard fractionated treatment and was associated with less normal tissue damage.

title: MicroPET/CT imaging of an orthotopic model of XXXX @entity4 multiforme and evaluation of pulsed low-dose irradiation.

answer: @entity0