abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) inhibits the proliferation of many @entity0 cells. However, @entity0 cells frequently become resistant to this inhibitory effect due to the absence of TGF-beta receptor (TbetaR) expression. This study reports the nature of TGF-beta sensitivity in an aggressive @entity1 @entity4 cell line, Renca, investigated in a series of experiments. The growth of Renca cells, in tissue culture, was not sensitive to the inhibitory effect of @entity2 with doses ranging from 0.1 to 10 ng./ml., nor was this cell line sensitive to the effect of @entity2 in inducing the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-I. Renca cells expressed @entity2 mRNA and protein, as determined by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The level of @entity2 production by Renca cells was moderate, thus eliminating the possibility that endogenous @entity2 production might be masking the effect of TGF-beta sensitivity. Furthermore, Renca cells expressed @entity6 mRNA, but did not express @entity5 mRNA, suggesting that the absence of this receptor may be the cause of TGF-beta insensitivity. Additionally, a vector containing the @entity5 cDNA was transiently transfected into Renca cells. The inhibitory effect of @entity2 was introduced in Renca cells after transfection with this receptor. At the same time, the growth rate of these cells diminished significantly when compared with that of the wild type Renca cells, as judged by the rate of @entity3 incorporation in the absence of any exogenous @entity2 . These observations demonstrated that Renca cells lack the functional @entity5 and suggest that their aggressive growth pattern is due, at least in part, to their insensitivity to TGF-beta.

title: Absence of expression of transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor is associated with an aggressive growth pattern in a XXXX @entity4 cell line, Renca.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity0 with @entity2 who are sensitive to mites benefit from measures designed to reduce their exposure to house dust mite antigen in the home. DESIGN: Meta-analysis of randomised trials that investigated the effects on @entity2 @entity0 of chemical or physical measures to control mites, or both, in comparison with an untreated control group. All trials in any language were eligible for inclusion. SUBJECTS: @entity0 with @entity2 as diagnosed by a doctor and sensitisation to mites as determined by skin prick testing, bronchial provocation testing, or serum assays for specific IgE antibodies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of @entity0 whose @entity1 symptoms improved, improvement in @entity3 , improvement in peak expiratory flow rate. Outcomes measured on different scales were combined using the standardised effect size method (the difference in effect was divided by the standard deviation of the measurements). RESULTS: 23 studies were included in the meta-analysis; 6 studies used chemical methods to reduce exposure to mites, 13 used physical methods, and 4 used a combination. Altogether, 41/113 @entity0 exposed to treatment interventions improved compared with 38/117 in the control groups (odds ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval 0.66 to 2.18). The standardised mean difference for improvement in @entity3 was -0.06 (95% confidence interval -0.54 to 0.41). For peak flow rate measured in the morning the standardised mean difference was -0.03 (-0.25 to 0.19). As measured in the original units this difference between the treatment and the control group corresponds to -3 l/min (95% confidence interval -25 l/min to 19 l/min). The results were similar in the subgroups of trials that reported successful reduction in exposure to mites or had long follow up times. CONCLUSION: Current chemical and physical methods aimed at reducing exposure to allergens from house dust mites seem to be ineffective and cannot be recommended as prophylactic treatment for @entity2 @entity0 sensitive to mites.

title: House dust mite control measures in the management of XXXX : meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We studied the morphometric MRI findings and their correlation with cognitive functions in a population of 10 young adults shunted for @entity1 related to @entity4 . Morphometric MRI analysis included measurement of the @entity3 index, frontal and occipital parenchymal thickness and the size of the corpus callosum. The neuropsychological status was evaluated, notably to look for a discrepancy between verbal and performance skills, a finding which has previously been described in hydrocephalic @entity0 . We also investigated whether there was a correlation between cognitive function and cerebral morphometric indexes. In each case, MRI demonstrated the structural changes associated with the @entity2 . The size of the lateral ventricles varied, ranging from important dilatation to small ventricles. Six @entity0 had only partial development of the corpus callosum. All @entity0 had a normal global IQ. In our population of young adults, we did not observe any discrepancy between verbal and visuospatial performances as has been described in @entity0 with @entity1 . We found no relationship between cognitive function and ventricle dilatation or parenchymal thickness or between the size of the corpus callosum and callosal transfer.

title: MRI morphometric study and correlation with cognitive functions in young adults shunted for XXXX related to @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We studied the morphometric MRI findings and their correlation with cognitive functions in a population of 10 young adults shunted for @entity1 related to @entity4 . Morphometric MRI analysis included measurement of the @entity3 index, frontal and occipital parenchymal thickness and the size of the corpus callosum. The neuropsychological status was evaluated, notably to look for a discrepancy between verbal and performance skills, a finding which has previously been described in hydrocephalic @entity0 . We also investigated whether there was a correlation between cognitive function and cerebral morphometric indexes. In each case, MRI demonstrated the structural changes associated with the @entity2 . The size of the lateral ventricles varied, ranging from important dilatation to small ventricles. Six @entity0 had only partial development of the corpus callosum. All @entity0 had a normal global IQ. In our population of young adults, we did not observe any discrepancy between verbal and visuospatial performances as has been described in @entity0 with @entity1 . We found no relationship between cognitive function and ventricle dilatation or parenchymal thickness or between the size of the corpus callosum and callosal transfer.

title: MRI morphometric study and correlation with cognitive functions in young adults shunted for @entity1 related to XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The following article describes a diagnostic concept of paranasal sinus imaging, based on more than 10 years close collaboration of the authors. CT and MR are the primary imaging modalities for investigating @entity5 . Conventional X-ray images add little information due to insufficient sensitivity. Angiography is restricted to those @entity0 who require preoperative @entity1 embolization or emergency treatment of intractable @entity3 . After thorough medical treatment of inflammatory @entity5 , CT becomes the method of choice to clearly depict preoperative osseous anatomy and to distinguish between benign and @entity1 . In cases where @entity2 is involved, CT easily identifies anterior skull base fractures. Moreover, CT will be the first step to localize early or late CSF @entity4 . MR, with its ability to distinguish between different soft tissues, compliments CT. This holds particularly true for inflammatory or @entity1 close to the skull base, orbital apex and cavernous sinus. The signal intensity in T(1) and T(2) weighted images provides additional information with respect to cellularity and vascularization of lesions, which has important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

title: [State of the Art. Diagnostic imaging of XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the burden of early @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on health-related quality of life (HQL) and compare changes in HQL across 2 treatments. STUDY DESIGN: Analysis of HQL scores among @entity0 enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized control trial of early @entity2 treatment. @entity0 AND METHODS: A total of 424 @entity0 with early @entity2 were randomized to 1 of 2 treatment groups: etanercept or @entity4 . @entity0 were treated and followed for 52 weeks. Health-related quality of life was assessed before and throughout treatment using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). The HQL burden of @entity2 was established by comparing SF-36 scale scores to general US population norms. The impact of treatment on HQL was determined by comparing scores on both SF-36 and HAQ scales. RESULTS: Before treatment, @entity2 @entity0 showed significant decrements in scores on all SF-36 scales and summary measures in comparison with age- and sex-matched general US population norms, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) F(8,2815) = 204.6, P < .0001. After 52 weeks of treatment, 7 of 8 SF-36 scales and the physical summary measure remained significantly below the general US population norm, MANOVA F(8,2815) = 41.9, P < .0001. @entity0 randomized to etanercept showed significantly better HQL improvement earlier in treatment than @entity0 randomized to @entity4 on the SF-36 physical summary, MANOVA F(10,4230) = 6.1, P< .0001, the SF-36 @entity3 -specific health index, MANOVA F(10,4230) = 8.5, P < .0001, and the HAQ, MANOVA F(10,4230) = 14.7, P < .0001. At 52 weeks, there were no significant differences between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 places @entity1 burden on @entity0 ' HQL. Successful treatment of early @entity2 improved HQL. Etanercept showed a rapid HQL response.

title: Health-related quality of life in early @entity2 : XXXX and treatment response.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the burden of early @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on health-related quality of life (HQL) and compare changes in HQL across 2 treatments. STUDY DESIGN: Analysis of HQL scores among @entity0 enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized control trial of early @entity2 treatment. @entity0 AND METHODS: A total of 424 @entity0 with early @entity2 were randomized to 1 of 2 treatment groups: etanercept or @entity4 . @entity0 were treated and followed for 52 weeks. Health-related quality of life was assessed before and throughout treatment using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). The HQL burden of @entity2 was established by comparing SF-36 scale scores to general US population norms. The impact of treatment on HQL was determined by comparing scores on both SF-36 and HAQ scales. RESULTS: Before treatment, @entity2 @entity0 showed significant decrements in scores on all SF-36 scales and summary measures in comparison with age- and sex-matched general US population norms, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) F(8,2815) = 204.6, P < .0001. After 52 weeks of treatment, 7 of 8 SF-36 scales and the physical summary measure remained significantly below the general US population norm, MANOVA F(8,2815) = 41.9, P < .0001. @entity0 randomized to etanercept showed significantly better HQL improvement earlier in treatment than @entity0 randomized to @entity4 on the SF-36 physical summary, MANOVA F(10,4230) = 6.1, P< .0001, the SF-36 @entity3 -specific health index, MANOVA F(10,4230) = 8.5, P < .0001, and the HAQ, MANOVA F(10,4230) = 14.7, P < .0001. At 52 weeks, there were no significant differences between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 places @entity1 burden on @entity0 ' HQL. Successful treatment of early @entity2 improved HQL. Etanercept showed a rapid HQL response.

title: Health-related quality of life in early XXXX : @entity1 and treatment response.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The current retrospective studies documented the incidence, sites of occurrence, risk factors, and outcome of metachronous second @entity1 (MSPCs) among an inception cohort of 410 @entity0 with invasive @entity2 of the true vocal cord successfully treated with partial laryngectomy at a single institution. The Kaplan-Meier actuarial life-table method was used to document the relationship between the incidence of MSPCs and survival data. Univariate analysis was performed for potential statistical relationships among the incidence of MSPCs, the site of occurrence, and different variables. The overall incidence of MSPCs was 23.9% (98/410). The 10-year actuarial survival estimate for MSPCs was 20.4%. The incidence curve of MSPCs was linear, resulting in a 2%/y rate of development for MSPCs. In univariate analysis, the only variable that demonstrated a statistical correlation with the incidence of MSPCs was smoking, with MSPCs being statistically more likely to occur in smokers than in nonsmokers (p = .04). The main sites of origin for MSPCs were the lung (25.5% of cases), other non-upper aerodigestive tract sites (32.7%), and the upper aerodigestive tract (41.8%). The 10-year actuarial estimates for MSPCs were 9.1% in the upper aerodigestive tract, 7.1% in sites other than the lung or upper aerodigestive tract, and 6.6% in the lung. The incidence curve for MSPCs was linear, whatever the site of origin, resulting in 1 %/y, 0.7%/y, and 0.6%/y rates of development for MSPCs in the upper aerodigestive tract, sites other than the lung or upper aerodigestive tract, and the lung, respectively. Survival was statistically reduced when an MSPC developed; the 10-year actuarial survival estimates were 76.8% in @entity0 who did not develop an MSPC and 43.7% in @entity0 who developed an MSPC (p < .0001). Overall, 68.4% of @entity0 who developed an MSPC (67/98) died of this disease. The 10-year actuarial survival estimates were 24% for lung MSPCs, 43.7% for non-lung, non-upper aerodigestive tract MSPCs, and 63.4% for upper aerodigestive tract MSPCs.

title: Metachronous second @entity1 after successful partial laryngectomy for invasive XXXX of the true vocal cord.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The current retrospective studies documented the incidence, sites of occurrence, risk factors, and outcome of metachronous second @entity1 (MSPCs) among an inception cohort of 410 @entity0 with invasive @entity2 of the true vocal cord successfully treated with partial laryngectomy at a single institution. The Kaplan-Meier actuarial life-table method was used to document the relationship between the incidence of MSPCs and survival data. Univariate analysis was performed for potential statistical relationships among the incidence of MSPCs, the site of occurrence, and different variables. The overall incidence of MSPCs was 23.9% (98/410). The 10-year actuarial survival estimate for MSPCs was 20.4%. The incidence curve of MSPCs was linear, resulting in a 2%/y rate of development for MSPCs. In univariate analysis, the only variable that demonstrated a statistical correlation with the incidence of MSPCs was smoking, with MSPCs being statistically more likely to occur in smokers than in nonsmokers (p = .04). The main sites of origin for MSPCs were the lung (25.5% of cases), other non-upper aerodigestive tract sites (32.7%), and the upper aerodigestive tract (41.8%). The 10-year actuarial estimates for MSPCs were 9.1% in the upper aerodigestive tract, 7.1% in sites other than the lung or upper aerodigestive tract, and 6.6% in the lung. The incidence curve for MSPCs was linear, whatever the site of origin, resulting in 1 %/y, 0.7%/y, and 0.6%/y rates of development for MSPCs in the upper aerodigestive tract, sites other than the lung or upper aerodigestive tract, and the lung, respectively. Survival was statistically reduced when an MSPC developed; the 10-year actuarial survival estimates were 76.8% in @entity0 who did not develop an MSPC and 43.7% in @entity0 who developed an MSPC (p < .0001). Overall, 68.4% of @entity0 who developed an MSPC (67/98) died of this disease. The 10-year actuarial survival estimates were 24% for lung MSPCs, 43.7% for non-lung, non-upper aerodigestive tract MSPCs, and 63.4% for upper aerodigestive tract MSPCs.

title: Metachronous second XXXX after successful partial laryngectomy for invasive @entity2 of the true vocal cord.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: As a part of the Vadstena @entity1 Prevention Project, the knowledge of @entity1 was examined before the intervention program started, after 5 and 10 years. METHODS: At baseline (in 1989) 15% of the population in two Swedish municipalities was randomly invited to the study. The @entity0 in the study group were invited for examination by forearm bone densitometry and a questionnaire concerning lifestyle and risk factors for @entity1 and also knowledge of @entity1 , while the subjects in the control group were examined only by questionnaire. Follow-ups were made in 1994 and in 1999. Meanwhile education about @entity1 was given to the study group, to the public, and to various professionals in the study community. RESULTS: There was a difference in the level of knowledge between the groups prior to the intervention. The rate of increment did not differ significantly between the groups for the study period. Previous @entity0 had 0.58 higher score than new @entity0 in the study group in 1994 (P = 0.031) and 0.76 higher score in 1999 (P < 0.001) regarding the total number of correct answers. The @entity0 in the study group had 0.63 higher score than the @entity0 in 1994 (P = 0.016) and 1.03 higher score in 1999 (P < 0.001) regarding the total number of correct answers. CONCLUSION: There was no significant effect of a general intervention program concerning the knowledge of @entity1 in @entity0 in the intervention area compared to the control area.

title: Knowledge of XXXX in a Swedish municipality--a prospective study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate, rapid detection of @entity4 has important implications in the use of implantable devices for treatment of @entity1 . Currently available detection algorithms for @entity4 , which use the single-index method, have limited sensitivity and specificity. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we evaluated the performance of a new Bayesian discriminator algorithm in the detection of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity3 (SR). Bipolar recording of 364 rhythms ( @entity2 =156, AFL=88, SR=120) at the high right atrium were collected from 20 @entity0 who underwent electrophysiological procedures. After initial signal processing, a column vector of 5 features for each rhythm were established, based on the regularity, rate, energy distribution, percent time of quiet interval, and baseline reaching of the rectified autocorrelation coefficient functions. Rhythm identification was obtained by use of Bayes decision rule and assumption of Gaussian distribution. For the new Bayesian discriminator, the overall sensitivity for detection of SR, @entity2 , and AFL was 97%, 97%, and 94%, respectively; and the overall specificity for detection of SR, @entity2 , and AFL was 98%, 98%, and 99%, respectively. The overall accuracy of detection of SR, @entity2 , and AFL was 98%, 97% and 98%, respectively. Furthermore, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of this algorithm were not affected by a range of white Gaussian noises with different intensities. CONCLUSIONS: This new Bayesian discriminator algorithm, based on Bayes decision of multiple features of atrial electrograms, allows rapid on-line and accurate (98%) detection of @entity2 with robust anti-noise performance.

title: New Bayesian discriminator for detection of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and @entity3 are increasingly recognized as risk factors for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Elucidation of the mechanisms of these associations has implications for prevention. This study aims to confirm the association between @entity3 and @entity2 and examine if it could be explained by other factors such as health behaviours, social isolation and low control at work. METHODS: A prospective occupational cohort study of London-based civil service employees ( @entity4 ) with baseline data collected from 1985-1988 with a 5-year follow-up. The @entity0 were male and female middle-aged civil servants working in 20 Government Departments; 73% of eligible employees attended baseline screening. @entity3 measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) at baseline was used to predict incidence of self-reported @entity2 and possible and probable electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities during follow-up. RESULTS: In @entity0 , baseline @entity3 was associated with an increased incidence of overall self-reported @entity2 (odds ratios [OR] = 1.83, 95% CI : 1.5-2.3) and ECG abnormalities (OR = 1.51, 95% CI : 1.1-2.1), after adjustment for age, employment grade and length of follow-up. In @entity0 , baseline @entity3 was also associated with an increased incidence of @entity2 (OR = 1.60, 95% CI : 1.2-2.1), but not with ECG abnormalities. Adjustment for health behaviours, marital status, social networks and work characteristics reduced the risks for incident @entity2 by 12% in @entity0 and by 10% in @entity0 ; for ECG abnormalities these adjustments increased the risk in @entity0 by 16% and had little effect in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The experience of @entity3 confers increased risk of @entity2 in @entity0 that is not explained by health behaviours, social isolation or work characteristics. The increased risk of @entity2 associated with @entity3 is not consistently demonstrated in @entity0 .

title: @entity3 as a risk factor for @entity2 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and @entity3 are increasingly recognized as risk factors for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Elucidation of the mechanisms of these associations has implications for prevention. This study aims to confirm the association between @entity3 and @entity2 and examine if it could be explained by other factors such as health behaviours, social isolation and low control at work. METHODS: A prospective occupational cohort study of London-based civil service employees ( @entity4 ) with baseline data collected from 1985-1988 with a 5-year follow-up. The @entity0 were male and female middle-aged civil servants working in 20 Government Departments; 73% of eligible employees attended baseline screening. @entity3 measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) at baseline was used to predict incidence of self-reported @entity2 and possible and probable electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities during follow-up. RESULTS: In @entity0 , baseline @entity3 was associated with an increased incidence of overall self-reported @entity2 (odds ratios [OR] = 1.83, 95% CI : 1.5-2.3) and ECG abnormalities (OR = 1.51, 95% CI : 1.1-2.1), after adjustment for age, employment grade and length of follow-up. In @entity0 , baseline @entity3 was also associated with an increased incidence of @entity2 (OR = 1.60, 95% CI : 1.2-2.1), but not with ECG abnormalities. Adjustment for health behaviours, marital status, social networks and work characteristics reduced the risks for incident @entity2 by 12% in @entity0 and by 10% in @entity0 ; for ECG abnormalities these adjustments increased the risk in @entity0 by 16% and had little effect in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The experience of @entity3 confers increased risk of @entity2 in @entity0 that is not explained by health behaviours, social isolation or work characteristics. The increased risk of @entity2 associated with @entity3 is not consistently demonstrated in @entity0 .

title: XXXX as a risk factor for @entity2 in the @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and @entity3 are increasingly recognized as risk factors for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Elucidation of the mechanisms of these associations has implications for prevention. This study aims to confirm the association between @entity3 and @entity2 and examine if it could be explained by other factors such as health behaviours, social isolation and low control at work. METHODS: A prospective occupational cohort study of London-based civil service employees ( @entity4 ) with baseline data collected from 1985-1988 with a 5-year follow-up. The @entity0 were male and female middle-aged civil servants working in 20 Government Departments; 73% of eligible employees attended baseline screening. @entity3 measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) at baseline was used to predict incidence of self-reported @entity2 and possible and probable electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities during follow-up. RESULTS: In @entity0 , baseline @entity3 was associated with an increased incidence of overall self-reported @entity2 (odds ratios [OR] = 1.83, 95% CI : 1.5-2.3) and ECG abnormalities (OR = 1.51, 95% CI : 1.1-2.1), after adjustment for age, employment grade and length of follow-up. In @entity0 , baseline @entity3 was also associated with an increased incidence of @entity2 (OR = 1.60, 95% CI : 1.2-2.1), but not with ECG abnormalities. Adjustment for health behaviours, marital status, social networks and work characteristics reduced the risks for incident @entity2 by 12% in @entity0 and by 10% in @entity0 ; for ECG abnormalities these adjustments increased the risk in @entity0 by 16% and had little effect in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The experience of @entity3 confers increased risk of @entity2 in @entity0 that is not explained by health behaviours, social isolation or work characteristics. The increased risk of @entity2 associated with @entity3 is not consistently demonstrated in @entity0 .

title: @entity3 as a risk factor for XXXX in the @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Several studies have shown an increased risk of congenital foot derformities after early amniocentesis. These studies have comprised amniocenteses performed before 13 completed gestational weeks. In this study, the risk of @entity3 after amniocentesis performed at 12-14 completed gestational weeks was determined. METHODS: 3,469 genetic amniocenteses in singleton pregnancies performed before 15 completed gestational weeks were studied. The intention was to perform the amniocenteses at 12-14 weeks of gestation, but 32 amniocenteses were performed at the gestational age 11 weeks + 5 days or 11 weeks + 6 days. The pregnancies were followed up with regard to fetal loss and leakage of amniotic fluid. After birth, newborns with a diagnosis of @entity3 were identified from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry. The observed number of @entity3 was then compared with the expected number which was calculated stratified for delivery hospital, year of birth, and maternal age. RESULTS: The observed number of @entity3 was significantly higher than the expected: exact odds ratio 1.74 (exact 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.69). The rate of @entity1 after the procedure was 1.8%, and the rate of leakage of amniotic fluid was 1.9%. There was a significant trend for all complications to decrease with increasing gestational age at amniocentesis. CONCLUSION: @entity0 undergoing amniocentesis at 11+5 to 14+6 gestational weeks have an increased risk of giving birth to a @entity0 with a @entity2 .

title: Early amniocentesis and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We assessed the use of clinical stage, serum @entity4 , DNA ploidy, proliferation, and traditional histologic findings from the biopsy to predict @entity3 progression after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Between 1995 and 1998, 454 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 on biopsy were treated by radical retropubic prostatectomy. Preoperative serum @entity4 , clinical stage, Gleason score, percentage of cores and surface area positive for @entity2 , @entity1 , and DNA ploidy and @entity5 immunostain quantitation by image analysis were evaluated in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model to predict @entity2 progression. @entity2 progression was defined as a postoperative serum @entity4 level of > or = 0.4 ng/mL, local recurrence, or systemic progression. Mean follow-up was 3.4 years (range 17 days to 5.8 years). @entity2 progression was observed in 73 @entity0 with a mean time to progression of 2.1 years (range 33 days to 5.1 years). Gleason score (p <0.001), @entity5 @entity2 proliferation (p = 0.008), and @entity1 (p = 0.008) were significantly associated with progression. @entity0 with @entity2 Gleason scores of 7 and >7 had a 2.5-fold and nearly 4-fold increased risk, respectively, of @entity2 progression compared with @entity0 with @entity2 Gleason scores of < or = 6. @entity0 with @entity1 at biopsy were twice as likely to progress compared with @entity0 without @entity1 . Each 1-unit increase in @entity5 on the natural logarithmic scale increased the risk of @entity2 progression by 64%. @entity2 progression models that include serum @entity4 and clinical stage may require revision to incorporate @entity1 and @entity5 proliferative activity in addition to Gleason score.

title: Perineural invasion and XXXX positivity in addition to Gleason score are significant preoperative predictors of progression after radical retropubic prostatectomy for @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We assessed the use of clinical stage, serum @entity4 , DNA ploidy, proliferation, and traditional histologic findings from the biopsy to predict @entity3 progression after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Between 1995 and 1998, 454 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 on biopsy were treated by radical retropubic prostatectomy. Preoperative serum @entity4 , clinical stage, Gleason score, percentage of cores and surface area positive for @entity2 , @entity1 , and DNA ploidy and @entity5 immunostain quantitation by image analysis were evaluated in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model to predict @entity2 progression. @entity2 progression was defined as a postoperative serum @entity4 level of > or = 0.4 ng/mL, local recurrence, or systemic progression. Mean follow-up was 3.4 years (range 17 days to 5.8 years). @entity2 progression was observed in 73 @entity0 with a mean time to progression of 2.1 years (range 33 days to 5.1 years). Gleason score (p <0.001), @entity5 @entity2 proliferation (p = 0.008), and @entity1 (p = 0.008) were significantly associated with progression. @entity0 with @entity2 Gleason scores of 7 and >7 had a 2.5-fold and nearly 4-fold increased risk, respectively, of @entity2 progression compared with @entity0 with @entity2 Gleason scores of < or = 6. @entity0 with @entity1 at biopsy were twice as likely to progress compared with @entity0 without @entity1 . Each 1-unit increase in @entity5 on the natural logarithmic scale increased the risk of @entity2 progression by 64%. @entity2 progression models that include serum @entity4 and clinical stage may require revision to incorporate @entity1 and @entity5 proliferative activity in addition to Gleason score.

title: Perineural invasion and @entity5 positivity in addition to Gleason score are significant preoperative predictors of progression after radical retropubic prostatectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a useful index to evaluate left @entity2 in @entity0 with essential @entity1 . The study investigated the prevalence and characterization of low @entity4 in hemodialysis @entity0 . METHODS: @entity4 was calculated from M-mode echocardiograms in 67 @entity0 (34 males, 33 females) receiving maintenance hemodialysis in whom fractional shortening was normal. Plasma levels of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides were also measured in these @entity0 before and after hemodialysis. @entity4 was evaluated by stress-corrected @entity4 (ratio of observed to predicted @entity4 ). The relationship of @entity4 to circumferential end-systolic stress in 122 healthy subjects was used to calculate the predicted @entity4 . RESULTS: Stress-corrected @entity4 was @entity3 in 18 of the 67 @entity0 (26.9%). In the low @entity4 group, duration of @entity1 was significantly longer (p < 0.05), wall thickness was significantly greater (p < 0.001), left ventricular dimension was significantly smaller (p < 0.0001), and relative wall thickness was significantly greater (p < 0.0001) than in the normal @entity4 group. Reduction of brain natriuretic peptide level by hemodialysis in the low @entity4 group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the normal @entity4 group. CONCLUSIONS: Depression of stress-corrected @entity4 may be common in hemodialysis @entity0 . Long duration of @entity1 and concentric geometry of the left ventricle occur in @entity0 with low @entity4 .

title: [Assessment of left ventricular function by midwall fractional shortening in hemodialysis XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity11 of the kidney is a rare @entity0 for which fewer than 10 case reports appear in the English literature. A case of primary @entity11 is reported, in which the @entity0 showed poorly differentiated spindled @entity1 admixed with typical @entity4 differentiation. Antibodies against @entity7 , @entity8 , Ulex europeus lectin type I, factor VIII-related antigen, cytokeratin ( @entity2 / @entity3 ), @entity5 , @entity9 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, @entity10 , and smooth muscle actin were examined. @entity7 showed strong diffuse membranous staining of cells in the well-differentiated areas and strong membranous staining in the spindled, poorly differentiated areas. @entity8 showed strong cytoplasmic and membranous staining in both the poorly differentiated and well-differentiated areas. Staining for factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex europeus was less intense and was limited to the well-differentiated areas. Staining for cytokeratin ( @entity6 ), @entity9 , carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, @entity10 , and smooth muscle actin were negative. Electron microscopy showed spindle cells containing abundant pinocytotic vesicles, @entity5 -type intermediate filaments, and rare Weibel-Palade bodies. A complex karyotype was found. Our findings suggest that @entity7 and @entity8 are useful in defining endothelial differentiation in poorly differentiated @entity11 in which reactions for Ulex europeus lectin type I and factor VIII-related antigen may be equivocal.

title: Primary XXXX : a case report with immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and cytogenetic features and review of the literature.

answer: @entity11


abstract: The frequency of clinical recurrence and @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity5 is reduced to the same extent by hospital treatment (with unfractionated heparin) as by treatment at home (with low-molecular-weight heparin). Very few data on subjective parameters of effectiveness have been published. We performed a prospective randomized trial comparing outpatient with in-hospital treatment in 28 @entity0 . Six clinical and quality-of-life related parameters of effectiveness were assessed quantitatively: clinical course (with a score system), @entity2 of @entity4 of the @entity3 muscles (with Lowenberg's test), subjective perception of @entity2 and general well-being (with visual analogue scales), satisfaction with the care provided, and absence from work. Subjective effectiveness was compared with the costs of each form of treatment. Outpatient treatment was significantly more effective than in-hospital treatment with regard to the objective parameters. It was, however, associated with less well-being and more @entity2 than in-hospital treatment. The discrepancy is explained by eventually insufficient adjuvant treatment measures (which consisted of external leg compression by stockings and forced walking) and by @entity1 brought on by the information that potentially lethal @entity6 could occur despite anticoagulant therapy. Outpatient treatment was less costly. On the average and per @entity0 it was CHF 3944 less expensive than treatment in hospital. An estimation reveals that the Swiss health care system would save about CHF 25 million per year if the 85% of @entity0 with @entity5 suitable for home care were given this form of treatment. We conclude that outpatient management is subjectively cost-effective but should be optimised to eliminate certain drawbacks associated with it.

title: [Comparison of ambulatory and inpatient treatment of XXXX of the leg: subjective and economic aspects].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The diagnostic significance of @entity6 and @entity5 proteins in @entity8 was examined, and the relationship between these proteins expression and other disease parameters, including stage of the disease and @entity2 differentiation, were studied. We analyzed @entity6 and @entity5 proteins expression in 60 imprint smears of freshly resected @entity1 (37 squamous and 23 @entity4 ) using the immunocytochemical technique. There were seven @entity0 with stage I disease, 24 with stage II, 23 with stage IIIa, and six with @entity2 , according to the International Staging System classification. Sixteen of the @entity2 were @entity5 positive and 25 were @entity6 positive. Twenty @entity2 were negative for both @entity5 and @entity6 (33.3%). Statistical analysis showed no association between the incidence of @entity6 or @entity5 positivity. @entity4 or @entity7 analysis showed significant associations between @entity6 positivity and poor differentiation and advanced disease stage as well as @entity5 and @entity3 stage and well-differentiated @entity2 . There was also an association between the stage of the disease and the degree of differentiation of the @entity2 . In conclusion, @entity5 positivity must be considered a good prognostic sign. On the other hand, @entity6 positivity seems to indicate, even in @entity2 at a relatively early stage, that a serious aggressive @entity2 which will not be easily eradicated is present.

title: @entity6 and @entity5 protein expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The diagnostic significance of @entity6 and @entity5 proteins in @entity8 was examined, and the relationship between these proteins expression and other disease parameters, including stage of the disease and @entity2 differentiation, were studied. We analyzed @entity6 and @entity5 proteins expression in 60 imprint smears of freshly resected @entity1 (37 squamous and 23 @entity4 ) using the immunocytochemical technique. There were seven @entity0 with stage I disease, 24 with stage II, 23 with stage IIIa, and six with @entity2 , according to the International Staging System classification. Sixteen of the @entity2 were @entity5 positive and 25 were @entity6 positive. Twenty @entity2 were negative for both @entity5 and @entity6 (33.3%). Statistical analysis showed no association between the incidence of @entity6 or @entity5 positivity. @entity4 or @entity7 analysis showed significant associations between @entity6 positivity and poor differentiation and advanced disease stage as well as @entity5 and @entity3 stage and well-differentiated @entity2 . There was also an association between the stage of the disease and the degree of differentiation of the @entity2 . In conclusion, @entity5 positivity must be considered a good prognostic sign. On the other hand, @entity6 positivity seems to indicate, even in @entity2 at a relatively early stage, that a serious aggressive @entity2 which will not be easily eradicated is present.

title: XXXX and @entity5 protein expression in @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The diagnostic significance of @entity6 and @entity5 proteins in @entity8 was examined, and the relationship between these proteins expression and other disease parameters, including stage of the disease and @entity2 differentiation, were studied. We analyzed @entity6 and @entity5 proteins expression in 60 imprint smears of freshly resected @entity1 (37 squamous and 23 @entity4 ) using the immunocytochemical technique. There were seven @entity0 with stage I disease, 24 with stage II, 23 with stage IIIa, and six with @entity2 , according to the International Staging System classification. Sixteen of the @entity2 were @entity5 positive and 25 were @entity6 positive. Twenty @entity2 were negative for both @entity5 and @entity6 (33.3%). Statistical analysis showed no association between the incidence of @entity6 or @entity5 positivity. @entity4 or @entity7 analysis showed significant associations between @entity6 positivity and poor differentiation and advanced disease stage as well as @entity5 and @entity3 stage and well-differentiated @entity2 . There was also an association between the stage of the disease and the degree of differentiation of the @entity2 . In conclusion, @entity5 positivity must be considered a good prognostic sign. On the other hand, @entity6 positivity seems to indicate, even in @entity2 at a relatively early stage, that a serious aggressive @entity2 which will not be easily eradicated is present.

title: @entity6 and XXXX protein expression in @entity8 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of enzymes that participate in extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling, may play a role in @entity2 invasion and @entity1 and have been correlated with @entity2 behavior and survival. The action of MMPs is regulated by tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). @entity3 of the uterine cervix are @entity2 that primarily affect young @entity0 and are associated with @entity4 ). Eighteen cervical @entity3 and 5 controls were immunohistochemically analyzed for the expression of @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity6 , and their inhibitors, @entity10 and @entity8 , in @entity2 cells and peritumoral stromal cells. These cells were also studied for the presence of @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity8 mRNA by in situ hybridization (ISH). HPV status was studied using ISH for @entity9 and 18. @entity11 were expressed immunohistochemically in @entity2 cells in 17 of 18 @entity2 , @entity7 in 5, @entity10 in 3, and @entity8 in 1. Stromal cells of most @entity2 expressed all the above proteins. The normal endocervical epithelium was uniformly negative for @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity8 , and variably expressed @entity10 . Intense signals for @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity8 mRNA were less frequently detected by ISH in @entity2 cells and peritumoral stromal cells and were absent in normal endocervical epithelium. All @entity2 contained HPV DNA 16, 18, or both. MMP and @entity10 expression did not correlate with @entity2 type, grade, or HPV type. MMPs and their inhibitors are present in most cervical @entity3 , independent of @entity2 grade or subtype, but with the exception of @entity10 , they are not expressed in nonneoplastic endocervical epithelium. This finding might be helpful in the diagnosis of endocervical @entity3 . HPV is prevalent in cervical @entity3 , but its role in determining @entity2 behavior remains unclear.

title: Expression of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Some types of radiation therapy have been associated with an increased risk of cardiac mortality and morbidity in @entity1 with @entity0 . A relationship has been observed between cardiac radiation dose-volume and the level of excess risk of cardiac mortality. However, relatively few data are available on the morbidity from @entity5 associated with adjuvant radiotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1971 to 1976, a total of 960 @entity1 with operable @entity0 were randomly allocated to preoperative radiation therapy, postoperative radiation therapy or to surgery alone. A previous analysis of the cardiac dose-volumes with the treatment techniques used in the trial indicated that the irradiated @entity1 could roughly be divided into three groups. Information on the number of @entity5 was obtained through computerized record linkage with a population-based registry of @entity5 in Stockholm County. Information on cause-specific mortality was obtained from the Swedish Cause-of-Death Registry. The median follow-up was 20 years (range 17-23 years). RESULTS: A total of 58 @entity1 developed an @entity5 during the period of follow-up. The number of @entity5 cases was not significantly different between the three treatment groups. When analyzed according to estimated cardiac radiation dose-volumes, @entity1 in the highest dose-volume subgroup exhibited a hazard of @entity5 of 1.3 (95% CI 0.7-2.6) relative to that of the surgical controls, whereas the corresponding relative hazard for the intermediate and low dose-volume subgroups was below unity. Data on @entity4 due to @entity3 showed that @entity1 in the high dose-volume group exhibited a hazard of 2.0 (95% CI 1.0-3.9, P = 0.04) relative to that of the surgical controls. Concerning @entity4 due to @entity6 , the relative hazard for the same subgroup was 2.5 (95% CI 1.1-5.7, P = 0.03). The difference between the groups was established after 4-5 years. The cumulative incidence curves continued to diverge up to about 10-12 years. No further divergence appeared after 12 years, but the number of events was low. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis confirms and extends previous results from the trial. Cardiac mortality was positively correlated with the cardiac dose-volume. @entity1 receiving high dose-volumes exhibited an increased mortality of @entity6 , but not of @entity5 , which implies another mechanism, e.g. radiation-induced @entity2 to the heart.

title: Long-term cardiac morbidity and mortality in a randomized trial of pre- and postoperative radiation therapy versus surgery alone in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: We recently described a technique that iatrogenically produces segmental megaureter while preserving renal function. In our initial report in 5 of 8 @entity2 that underwent this procedure @entity1 with the expanded ureter was successful. Throughout the expansion and reconstructive process renal function was preserved and all 5 animals that underwent augmentation had increased bladder capacity at sacrifice 1 month postoperatively. In the present study we evaluated the long-term durability and performance of the ureteral segment used for augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective, controlled, double armed study in 8 @entity2 , including 4 control animals that underwent subtotal cystectomy only (group 1) and 4 animals that underwent subtotal cystectomy followed by @entity1 using the expanded ureteral segment (group 2). End point measurements included cystography, and measurement of bladder capacity, serum @entity0 and random bladder residual urine volumes. All cystograms were performed using passive filling conditions at a standard filling pressure of 32 cm. water. RESULTS: Bladder capacity throughout the study revealed consistently higher volumes in group 2 than in group 1. In 3 of the 4 group 1 subjects vesicoureteral reflux developed compared to no reflux in group 2. @entity0 levels were elevated at sacrifice in 50% of the animals in group 1 compared to none in group 2. Random bladder residual urine was less than 150 cc in 3 of the 4 group 2 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Serial cystograms in @entity2 after ureteral augmentation suggest that the tissue does not contract with time. Animals that underwent ureteral augmentation had significantly greater bladder capacity than controls. Random bladder residual urine volume remained low throughout the study period. Ureteral tissue expansion for @entity1 appears to be feasible and durable in this animal model. In addition, it may be protective against the deleterious effects associated with small capacity bladders.

title: Ureteral tissue expansion for XXXX : a long-term prospective controlled trial in a porcine model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Growth and development of the prostate are @entity1 dependent and mainly influenced by stromal-epithelial interaction. It is believed that indirect androgenic activation of paracrine factors like keratinocyte growth factor ( @entity5 ) in the prostatic stroma influences the growth of epithelial cells. In this study we investigated the role @entity1 plays in stromal cell growth and stimulation of @entity5 in the @entity0 prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stromal cells were derived from explant primary culture of @entity0 normal or benign prostatic tissue. The effect of different @entity2 ( @entity3 ) concentrations on cell proliferation was measured using @entity4 incorporation assay. The effect of @entity3 on levels of @entity5 protein was determined by Western blotting. The effect of @entity3 on levels of @entity5 gene expression was measured by various cycles of polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) and multiplex PCR. RESULTS: Characterization of stromal cells showed epithelial cells less than 9.5% in all passages. @entity3 stimulated @entity0 prostate stromal cells in a dose dependent fashion over a concentration range of 0.001-10 nM. Immunocytochemical evaluation of @entity5 after @entity3 exposure showed a higher staining intensity. Relative quantitation of Western blotting showed a 1.93-fold increase in @entity5 protein in the @entity1 treated stromal cells. At 1 nM @entity3 conventional and multiplex PCR revealed a significant stimulation of the @entity5 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: These data show for the first time that @entity1 stimulates cell proliferation as well as @entity5 protein and gene expression in @entity0 prostate stromal cells. This supports the hypothesis that @entity1 -induced stromal-derived @entity5 stimulates prostate epithelial cell growth.

title: XXXX responsiveness of stromal cells of the @entity0 prostate: regulation of cell proliferation and keratinocyte growth factor by @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Growth and development of the prostate are @entity1 dependent and mainly influenced by stromal-epithelial interaction. It is believed that indirect androgenic activation of paracrine factors like keratinocyte growth factor ( @entity5 ) in the prostatic stroma influences the growth of epithelial cells. In this study we investigated the role @entity1 plays in stromal cell growth and stimulation of @entity5 in the @entity0 prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stromal cells were derived from explant primary culture of @entity0 normal or benign prostatic tissue. The effect of different @entity2 ( @entity3 ) concentrations on cell proliferation was measured using @entity4 incorporation assay. The effect of @entity3 on levels of @entity5 protein was determined by Western blotting. The effect of @entity3 on levels of @entity5 gene expression was measured by various cycles of polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) and multiplex PCR. RESULTS: Characterization of stromal cells showed epithelial cells less than 9.5% in all passages. @entity3 stimulated @entity0 prostate stromal cells in a dose dependent fashion over a concentration range of 0.001-10 nM. Immunocytochemical evaluation of @entity5 after @entity3 exposure showed a higher staining intensity. Relative quantitation of Western blotting showed a 1.93-fold increase in @entity5 protein in the @entity1 treated stromal cells. At 1 nM @entity3 conventional and multiplex PCR revealed a significant stimulation of the @entity5 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: These data show for the first time that @entity1 stimulates cell proliferation as well as @entity5 protein and gene expression in @entity0 prostate stromal cells. This supports the hypothesis that @entity1 -induced stromal-derived @entity5 stimulates prostate epithelial cell growth.

title: @entity1 responsiveness of stromal cells of the @entity0 prostate: regulation of cell proliferation and keratinocyte growth factor by XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Growth and development of the prostate are @entity1 dependent and mainly influenced by stromal-epithelial interaction. It is believed that indirect androgenic activation of paracrine factors like keratinocyte growth factor ( @entity5 ) in the prostatic stroma influences the growth of epithelial cells. In this study we investigated the role @entity1 plays in stromal cell growth and stimulation of @entity5 in the @entity0 prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stromal cells were derived from explant primary culture of @entity0 normal or benign prostatic tissue. The effect of different @entity2 ( @entity3 ) concentrations on cell proliferation was measured using @entity4 incorporation assay. The effect of @entity3 on levels of @entity5 protein was determined by Western blotting. The effect of @entity3 on levels of @entity5 gene expression was measured by various cycles of polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) and multiplex PCR. RESULTS: Characterization of stromal cells showed epithelial cells less than 9.5% in all passages. @entity3 stimulated @entity0 prostate stromal cells in a dose dependent fashion over a concentration range of 0.001-10 nM. Immunocytochemical evaluation of @entity5 after @entity3 exposure showed a higher staining intensity. Relative quantitation of Western blotting showed a 1.93-fold increase in @entity5 protein in the @entity1 treated stromal cells. At 1 nM @entity3 conventional and multiplex PCR revealed a significant stimulation of the @entity5 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: These data show for the first time that @entity1 stimulates cell proliferation as well as @entity5 protein and gene expression in @entity0 prostate stromal cells. This supports the hypothesis that @entity1 -induced stromal-derived @entity5 stimulates prostate epithelial cell growth.

title: @entity1 responsiveness of stromal cells of the XXXX prostate: regulation of cell proliferation and keratinocyte growth factor by @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction ( @entity4 ) in @entity3 analyzed by image cytometry. Frozen tissue of 103 @entity3 was analyzed for DNA ploidy and @entity4 with a Cell Analysis System Image Analyser (CAS 200, Becton-Dickinson) and correlations with clinical and histomorphologic factors and time to progression and overall survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariable analysis. Fifty-four percent of the @entity3 were found to be diploid, 38% aneuploid, and 8% tetraploid. The S-phase fraction was low (<5%) in 27%, intermediate (5-14.5%) in 47%, and high (>/=14.5%) in 26% of the @entity0 . By univariate analysis overall survival and time to progression were significantly correlated with the S-phase fraction (P = 0.003 and P = 0.003), but not with DNA ploidy (P = 0. 31 and P = 0.51). A DNA index > 1.4 was correlated with poor outcome but the result did not achieve formal statistical significance (P = 0.08 and P = 0.12). A high @entity4 was a strong predictor of early recurrence, while a low @entity4 identified @entity0 with a favorable long-term outcome. Other significant predictors of survival were FIGO stage, grade of differentiation, presence of distant @entity1 , @entity2 , lymph node @entity1 , and @entity0 age. In multivariable statistical analysis only FIGO stage, histologic grade, and @entity2 after surgery were independent predictors of overall survival and time to progression.

title: Prognostic significance of DNA content and S-phase fraction in XXXX analyzed by image cytometry.

answer: @entity3


abstract: One of the major determining factors in the price of market hogs today is backfat depth. Therefore, identification of regions of the genome affecting this trait could be very useful to the @entity0 industry. A large resource population (n = 540) was developed by backcrossing F1 Meishan-White composite females to either Meishan or White composite boars. A genomic scan was conducted by genotyping all animals with microsatellite markers spaced at approximately 20-cM intervals across the entire porcine genome. Breed of origin for all chromosomal segments was determined using multipoint linkage procedures, and a least squares regression analysis was conducted. Nominal P-values were converted to a genome-wide level of significance to adjust for the numerous tests conducted. Traits analyzed were backfat depths at the first rib (FRIB); 10th rib (10th); last rib ( @entity1 ); last lumbar (LLUM) vertebra; the average of FRIB, @entity1 , and LLUM ( @entity2 ); and weight of leaf fat (LEAF). Significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected on chromosomes 1, 7, and X. Suggestive evidence for QTL was present on chromosomes 5, 8, 9, 10, 13, and 14. Genotypic means for the loci detected indicated a predominantly additive mode of inheritance. Meishan alleles produced fatter @entity0 for all loci except those on chromosomes 7 and 10. Additional research should be conducted to refine the estimated position of each QTL and its effect and determine epistatic interactions. These loci should be evaluated in other germplasms to determine whether allelic variation at the QTL exists in other breeds.

title: Identification of quantitative trait loci affecting carcass composition in XXXX : I. Fat deposition traits.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The actions of @entity1 , alone and in combination with porcine growth hormone (pGH), on growth and circulating endocrines and metabolites important in growth were investigated in peripubertal-age Meishan barrows. @entity0 were assigned to four treatments: control, buffer; @entity1 , 33 microg rhIGF-I/kg BW injected twice daily; pGH, 33 microg rpGH/kg BW injected once daily; and @entity1 +pGH, 33 microg rhIGF-I/kg BW injected twice daily plus 33 microg rpGH/kg BW injected once daily. Treatments were administered for 28 d. Feed intake, BW, and backfat were recorded and blood samples were collected weekly. At slaughter, organ and primal cut weights were recorded. Offal and half the carcass were ground for chemical analysis. Serum concentrations of @entity1 on d 7, 14, 21, and 28 in the @entity1 , pGH, and @entity1 +pGH groups were increased 60, 107, and 131%, respectively, compared with those of the control group. Administration of pGH increased gain 43%, feed efficiency 60%, carcass protein accretion 88%, and trimmed lean cuts 16%, whereas @entity1 administration increased gain 22%, carcass protein accretion 33%, and trimmed lean cuts 5%. There was little difference in responses to administration of @entity1 +pGH and pGH alone except that coadministration of @entity1 with pGH reduced the ability of pGH to suppress backfat gain (P < .02). Even though administration of @entity1 resulted in a 60% increase in chronic nadir serum concentrations of @entity1 , only a few growth and carcass measures were changed when compared with control @entity0 . These included increased (P < .05) weight of body, leaf fat, kidneys, and belly. The actions of pGH on growth of @entity0 were not mimicked, and some were countermanded by administration of @entity1 at a dose that produces significantly increased serum concentrations of @entity1 .

title: Growth, body composition, and endocrine responses to chronic administration of insulin-like growth factor I and(or) porcine growth hormone in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity11 ( @entity11 ), a diastereoisomer of @entity9 , has established activity in the treatment of many @entity1 types sensitive to @entity9 . Its activity in other @entity1 targets such as @entity6 , @entity3 , and recurrent @entity2 has been less well defined. Three concurrent phase II studies examined the efficacy and @entity4 of @entity11 (90 mg/m2 given intravenously at 3-week intervals) in the treatment of 71 @entity0 with the aforementioned @entity1 . Of 66 eligible @entity0 who were assessable for response, one @entity0 (with @entity2 ) achieved a complete response and three @entity0 (with @entity3 ) achieved partial responses. The response rate in @entity0 with @entity3 was 18% (95% confidence interval, 4-43%). Myelosuppression, @entity15 , and @entity7 were the most frequent @entity4 . Two @entity0 died of @entity13 and grade IV @entity14 occurred in six @entity0 (8%). Grade III @entity4 were as follows: @entity14 (17%), @entity8 (10%), @entity15 (8%), @entity5 (1%), @entity10 (1%). Grade I or II @entity12 was noted in four @entity0 at cumulative doses ranging between 375 mg/m2 to 1,283 mg/m2. @entity11 is ineffective as a single agent at this dose and schedule in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity2 . In @entity3 , a modest response rate encourages further exploration of @entity11 and related @entity16 in combination regimens.

title: XXXX has modest single-agent activity in @entity3 but limited activity in metastatic @entity6 and @entity2 : phase II studies by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity11 ( @entity11 ), a diastereoisomer of @entity9 , has established activity in the treatment of many @entity1 types sensitive to @entity9 . Its activity in other @entity1 targets such as @entity6 , @entity3 , and recurrent @entity2 has been less well defined. Three concurrent phase II studies examined the efficacy and @entity4 of @entity11 (90 mg/m2 given intravenously at 3-week intervals) in the treatment of 71 @entity0 with the aforementioned @entity1 . Of 66 eligible @entity0 who were assessable for response, one @entity0 (with @entity2 ) achieved a complete response and three @entity0 (with @entity3 ) achieved partial responses. The response rate in @entity0 with @entity3 was 18% (95% confidence interval, 4-43%). Myelosuppression, @entity15 , and @entity7 were the most frequent @entity4 . Two @entity0 died of @entity13 and grade IV @entity14 occurred in six @entity0 (8%). Grade III @entity4 were as follows: @entity14 (17%), @entity8 (10%), @entity15 (8%), @entity5 (1%), @entity10 (1%). Grade I or II @entity12 was noted in four @entity0 at cumulative doses ranging between 375 mg/m2 to 1,283 mg/m2. @entity11 is ineffective as a single agent at this dose and schedule in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity2 . In @entity3 , a modest response rate encourages further exploration of @entity11 and related @entity16 in combination regimens.

title: @entity11 has modest single-agent activity in @entity3 but limited activity in metastatic XXXX and @entity2 : phase II studies by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity11 ( @entity11 ), a diastereoisomer of @entity9 , has established activity in the treatment of many @entity1 types sensitive to @entity9 . Its activity in other @entity1 targets such as @entity6 , @entity3 , and recurrent @entity2 has been less well defined. Three concurrent phase II studies examined the efficacy and @entity4 of @entity11 (90 mg/m2 given intravenously at 3-week intervals) in the treatment of 71 @entity0 with the aforementioned @entity1 . Of 66 eligible @entity0 who were assessable for response, one @entity0 (with @entity2 ) achieved a complete response and three @entity0 (with @entity3 ) achieved partial responses. The response rate in @entity0 with @entity3 was 18% (95% confidence interval, 4-43%). Myelosuppression, @entity15 , and @entity7 were the most frequent @entity4 . Two @entity0 died of @entity13 and grade IV @entity14 occurred in six @entity0 (8%). Grade III @entity4 were as follows: @entity14 (17%), @entity8 (10%), @entity15 (8%), @entity5 (1%), @entity10 (1%). Grade I or II @entity12 was noted in four @entity0 at cumulative doses ranging between 375 mg/m2 to 1,283 mg/m2. @entity11 is ineffective as a single agent at this dose and schedule in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity2 . In @entity3 , a modest response rate encourages further exploration of @entity11 and related @entity16 in combination regimens.

title: @entity11 has modest single-agent activity in @entity3 but limited activity in metastatic @entity6 and XXXX : phase II studies by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity11 ( @entity11 ), a diastereoisomer of @entity9 , has established activity in the treatment of many @entity1 types sensitive to @entity9 . Its activity in other @entity1 targets such as @entity6 , @entity3 , and recurrent @entity2 has been less well defined. Three concurrent phase II studies examined the efficacy and @entity4 of @entity11 (90 mg/m2 given intravenously at 3-week intervals) in the treatment of 71 @entity0 with the aforementioned @entity1 . Of 66 eligible @entity0 who were assessable for response, one @entity0 (with @entity2 ) achieved a complete response and three @entity0 (with @entity3 ) achieved partial responses. The response rate in @entity0 with @entity3 was 18% (95% confidence interval, 4-43%). Myelosuppression, @entity15 , and @entity7 were the most frequent @entity4 . Two @entity0 died of @entity13 and grade IV @entity14 occurred in six @entity0 (8%). Grade III @entity4 were as follows: @entity14 (17%), @entity8 (10%), @entity15 (8%), @entity5 (1%), @entity10 (1%). Grade I or II @entity12 was noted in four @entity0 at cumulative doses ranging between 375 mg/m2 to 1,283 mg/m2. @entity11 is ineffective as a single agent at this dose and schedule in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity2 . In @entity3 , a modest response rate encourages further exploration of @entity11 and related @entity16 in combination regimens.

title: @entity11 has modest single-agent activity in XXXX but limited activity in metastatic @entity6 and @entity2 : phase II studies by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Clinically observed adverse radiation effects (ARE) are rather uncommon, but modern imaging reveals that they are more common after radiosurgery than previously believed. Little is known about the pathogenesis, and current treatment is mostly empirical. The benefit of hyperbaric @entity1 therapy (HBO) on radiation-induced bone and soft tissue @entity2 is known in lesions in the maxillofacial area, the mouth and in the head and neck. HBO raises the tissue @entity6 and initiates a cellular and vascular repair mechanism. This forms the basis for the hypothesis that it might also help alleviate the results of @entity4 . This study is a preliminary attempt to test this hypothesis. Two @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were chosen for the study. They had been treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) and had developed imaging signs consistent with ARE. They were treated by breathing 100% @entity1 at 2.5 atmospheres absolute (250 kPa) in sessions of 60 minutes per day. This treatment was repeated 40 times in cycles of ten sessions. Both responded well to HBO, one lesion disappeared and the other was reduced significantly in size. No adjuvant @entity3 were given. These results give evidence that HBO has a potential value in treating ARE but further experience will be needed to confirm its definite benefit.

title: Treatment of @entity4 by hyperbaric XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Clinically observed adverse radiation effects (ARE) are rather uncommon, but modern imaging reveals that they are more common after radiosurgery than previously believed. Little is known about the pathogenesis, and current treatment is mostly empirical. The benefit of hyperbaric @entity1 therapy (HBO) on radiation-induced bone and soft tissue @entity2 is known in lesions in the maxillofacial area, the mouth and in the head and neck. HBO raises the tissue @entity6 and initiates a cellular and vascular repair mechanism. This forms the basis for the hypothesis that it might also help alleviate the results of @entity4 . This study is a preliminary attempt to test this hypothesis. Two @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were chosen for the study. They had been treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) and had developed imaging signs consistent with ARE. They were treated by breathing 100% @entity1 at 2.5 atmospheres absolute (250 kPa) in sessions of 60 minutes per day. This treatment was repeated 40 times in cycles of ten sessions. Both responded well to HBO, one lesion disappeared and the other was reduced significantly in size. No adjuvant @entity3 were given. These results give evidence that HBO has a potential value in treating ARE but further experience will be needed to confirm its definite benefit.

title: Treatment of XXXX by hyperbaric @entity1 therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: FhuA (M(r) = 78,900) is an @entity0 outer membrane protein which transports the ferric siderophore ferrichrome and is the receptor for @entity2 , phi 80 and @entity2 and for colicin M. FhuA was purified chromatographically in non-ionic detergent ( @entity1 ). The circular dichroism spectrum indicates that FhuA is essentially organized in beta-strands like the majority of proteins of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The structural parameters of FhuA were assessed from size exclusion chromatography, sedimention equilibrium and velocity experiments. FhuA is monomeric in solution and functional since binding of @entity2 causes the release of the phage genome, a double-stranded DNA of 121,000 base pairs, into the surrounding medium. Planar lipid bilayer experiments showed that the FhuA transporter is converted into a high conductance channel upon binding of @entity2 . FhuA was reconstituted into large unilamellar vesicles (mean diameter 125 nm). Cryo-electron microscopy and fluorescence experiments, using a DNA intercalant @entity3 , showed that binding of @entity2 to FhuA triggers the transfer of the phage genome into the proteoliposomes without altering their morphology. Two models can account for these observations, which apply both to in vitro and in vivo DNA transport. The simplest model supposes that the naked DNA is transported through the FhuA channel. Alternatively transfer of DNA might be mediated by pb2, the protein forming the phage straight fiber. pb2 would insert either directly in the membrane or inside the FhuA channel.

title: FhuA, an XXXX outer membrane protein with a dual function of transporter and channel which mediates the transport of phage DNA.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Xylenes, or @entity4 , are among the highest-volume chemicals in production. Common uses are for @entity6 blending, as a solvent or component in a wide variety of products from paints to printing ink, and in the production of @entity3 and @entity2 . They are often encountered as a mixture of the three @entity7 isomers, together with @entity5 . As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that are of greatest concern for public health purposes. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of the bulk of this profile (ATSDR, 1995) into the mainstream scientific literature. An extensive listing of known @entity0 and animal health effects, organized by route, duration, and end point, is presented. Toxicological information on toxicokinetics, biomarkers, interactions, sensitive subpopulations, reducing @entity1 after exposure, and relevance to public health is also included. Environmental information encompasses physical properties, production and use, environmental fate, levels seen in the environment, analytical methods, and a listing of regulations. ATSDR, as mandated by CERCLA (or Superfund), prepares these profiles to inform and assist the public.

title: ATSDR evaluation of health effects of chemicals. V. Xylenes: health effects, toxicokinetics, XXXX exposure, and environmental fate.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Left ventricular (LV) mass progressively increases throughout life, reaching its greatest magnitude in senescence. In the normotensive elderly, @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is mostly a consequence of a degenerative process in connective tissue. In @entity3 @entity0 , @entity8 results from an increase in muscle mass and fibrotic tissue. @entity8 by echocardiographic criteria can be found in up to 50% of elderly @entity0 with @entity3 . Although associated with aging, @entity8 is associated with a higher rate of @entity1 . Even in the absence of @entity7 , @entity8 is associated with reduced coronary reserve, increased number of @entity6 and progressive deterioration in LV function. Conceivably, an increase in interstitial @entity2 and cross-linking collagen in the senescent heart is responsible for an increase in @entity4 and @entity5 . Regression of @entity8 has been demonstrated not only to improve left ventricular filling and coronary reserve but also to diminish @entity6 . Although few studies have demonstrated that the reduction of LV mass is associated with better cardiovascular prognosis, it seems reasonable to consider it a goal of antihypertensive therapy. Of all anti- @entity3 agents, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors seem to be the most powerful in reducing LV mass.

title: The heart in the XXXX elderly.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 is common. Recent estimates from the United States suggest that one in 10 adults has an elevated serum @entity9 . @entity3 and @entity1 are intimately connected at many levels, and clearly accelerate each other s course. @entity3 is an almost universal feature of @entity7 , a state of frightening cardiovascular risk. Surprisingly, most recent observational studies have shown an association between low blood pressure and increased mortality, a result that may engender therapeutic nihilism in the absence of large randomised trials. This observation may be due to reverse causality, as the age and cardiovascular comorbidity of @entity0 reaching @entity7 is considerable. When outcomes other than @entity5 are considered, especially progressive @entity11 , but also @entity6 and @entity8 , more predictable and expected associations are seen, with rising blood pressure appearing to be a deleterious parameter. Uraemia appears to be a state of premature senescence, and @entity10 , whose clinical corollary is wide pulse pressure, is a characteristic feature. Recent observational studies have focused on pulse pressure, rather than the traditional approach of analysing its components, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, in isolation. High pulse pressure appears to be a marker of short survival in dialysis @entity0 , but disentangling this association from old age and pre-existing @entity2 is challenging. Remarkably, and regrettably, no large scale randomised controlled studies examining strategies that tackle the issue of @entity3 in dialysis @entity0 have yet to be initiated.

title: XXXX in @entity7 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 is common. Recent estimates from the United States suggest that one in 10 adults has an elevated serum @entity9 . @entity3 and @entity1 are intimately connected at many levels, and clearly accelerate each other s course. @entity3 is an almost universal feature of @entity7 , a state of frightening cardiovascular risk. Surprisingly, most recent observational studies have shown an association between low blood pressure and increased mortality, a result that may engender therapeutic nihilism in the absence of large randomised trials. This observation may be due to reverse causality, as the age and cardiovascular comorbidity of @entity0 reaching @entity7 is considerable. When outcomes other than @entity5 are considered, especially progressive @entity11 , but also @entity6 and @entity8 , more predictable and expected associations are seen, with rising blood pressure appearing to be a deleterious parameter. Uraemia appears to be a state of premature senescence, and @entity10 , whose clinical corollary is wide pulse pressure, is a characteristic feature. Recent observational studies have focused on pulse pressure, rather than the traditional approach of analysing its components, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, in isolation. High pulse pressure appears to be a marker of short survival in dialysis @entity0 , but disentangling this association from old age and pre-existing @entity2 is challenging. Remarkably, and regrettably, no large scale randomised controlled studies examining strategies that tackle the issue of @entity3 in dialysis @entity0 have yet to be initiated.

title: @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The prognosis of @entity5 is basically dependent on the histological stage at diagnosis. In practice, the discovery of a small @entity3 , generally during cholecystectomy give the @entity0 a better care for curative treatment. The advent of laparoscopy has increased the number of cholecstectomies and could increase the frequency of this situation but also raises the difficult problem of metastatic dissemination. In the literature the figures on parietal @entity1 after laparoscopy have ranged from 125% to 19%. The median delay to diagnosis of recurrence is 6 months. The cause of this phenomenon (role of the @entity4 ) remains poorly elucidated. Risk factors for the development of a @entity1 on the trocar orifice are: rupture of the gallbladder perioperatively and extraction of the gallbladder without protection. It is important to keep in mind this exceptional but serious risk and apply rigorous operative technique. In case of suspected gallbladder we do not advocate laparoscopy. Surgery (hepatectomy, lymphodenectomy, possibly resection of the biliary tract) would be indicted for all stages except pTis and @entity6 , taking into consideration the localization of the @entity2 and the @entity0 's general status. It is also classical to recommend resection of the trocar orifices after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There is a dual challenge today for small-sized @entity5 : improving treatment and avoiding poorer prognosis due to the specific problems raised by laparoscopy.

title: [Fortuitous discovery of XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A study was conducted to determine differences between psychophysiological responses to acoustic stress under different ambient lighting conditions. Typical cool-white indoor lighting was compared to full-spectrum lighting under dim and bright illumination levels. Full-spectrum lighting exhibits spectral characteristics that approximate those found in natural sunlight. The @entity2 response was measured during three preliminary experiments using normal subjects. In the first experiment, one subject was evaluated. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure eyeblink @entity2 at the obicularis oculi muscle; heart rate (HR) was measured at the wrist; and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was measured at the left index finger. There was a significant increase in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and a decrease in heart rate. In the second experiment, @entity1 was used to measure the @entity2 response under cool-white fluorescent lighting versus full-spectrum fluorescent lighting (n = 5 subjects) under both bright and dim lighting conditions. Higher arousal was detected measuring @entity1 under the cool-white lighting condition, and under the dim lighting condition using both types of lighting. In the third experiment, ten subjects were assessed for @entity1 @entity2 response using both lighting types set at the dim brightness level. There was a strong trend indicating a higher @entity1 arousal under the dim cool-white lighting condition. Other studies support that a GABAergic inhibitory circuit is inhibited by darkness and that the spectral characteristics of cool-white lighting are more stressful to @entity0 than full-spectrum lighting. These preliminary findings regarding stress and ambient lighting may be especially important in the neural development of @entity0 , and in those clinical populations that are particularly sensitive to environmental stress.

title: Neurobiological relationships between ambient lighting and the XXXX response to acoustic stress in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A study was conducted to determine differences between psychophysiological responses to acoustic stress under different ambient lighting conditions. Typical cool-white indoor lighting was compared to full-spectrum lighting under dim and bright illumination levels. Full-spectrum lighting exhibits spectral characteristics that approximate those found in natural sunlight. The @entity2 response was measured during three preliminary experiments using normal subjects. In the first experiment, one subject was evaluated. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure eyeblink @entity2 at the obicularis oculi muscle; heart rate (HR) was measured at the wrist; and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was measured at the left index finger. There was a significant increase in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and a decrease in heart rate. In the second experiment, @entity1 was used to measure the @entity2 response under cool-white fluorescent lighting versus full-spectrum fluorescent lighting (n = 5 subjects) under both bright and dim lighting conditions. Higher arousal was detected measuring @entity1 under the cool-white lighting condition, and under the dim lighting condition using both types of lighting. In the third experiment, ten subjects were assessed for @entity1 @entity2 response using both lighting types set at the dim brightness level. There was a strong trend indicating a higher @entity1 arousal under the dim cool-white lighting condition. Other studies support that a GABAergic inhibitory circuit is inhibited by darkness and that the spectral characteristics of cool-white lighting are more stressful to @entity0 than full-spectrum lighting. These preliminary findings regarding stress and ambient lighting may be especially important in the neural development of @entity0 , and in those clinical populations that are particularly sensitive to environmental stress.

title: Neurobiological relationships between ambient lighting and the @entity2 response to acoustic stress in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The interest of radiation therapy in the management of age-related @entity2 inaccessible to photocoagulation is still controversial. Our purpose was to demonstrate the feasibility and the possible efficacy of a single dose delivered to the macular region using a 65-MeV proton beam. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A phase II trial was set up using the cyclotron in Nice, France. Fifty-eight @entity0 were included after signing an informed consent. All @entity0 presented with occult subfoveal @entity4 . A single dose of 9.1 Gy (i.e., 10 Gy @entity5 equivalent) was delivered to the macular region. RESULTS: The results were analyzed 3, 6, 12 and, 18 months after proton therapy. At 3 months, the visual acuity was stable or enhanced for 86% of @entity0 , at 6 months for 82.3%, at 12 months for 80%, and at 18 months for 61%. For 22 @entity0 at follow-up at 18 months, the reasons for a decrease in visual acuity were a macular @entity1 for 4 @entity0 and a progression of the neovascular membrane for 3 @entity0 . No secondary effects related to the treatment have been observed. Regarding the lesions visible on the angiographies (i.e., @entity1 , exudates, @entity3 ), we observed a stabilization or a decrease in two-thirds of the cases. CONCLUSION: Preliminary results of single-dose proton therapy are at least comparable to those obtained by other teams. A second study is in progress comparing 3 dose levels, looking for a dose-effect relationship. Furthermore, a randomized study comparing a single proton dose to a placebo will be necessary to assess the long-term value of proton treatment.

title: [Proton therapy of occult neovessels in age-related XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is an uncommon type of @entity10 . Relatively little is known about clinical and imaging features, and even less about prognosis and predictors of mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed clinical and imaging features, causative factors and outcome of 26 @entity0 with CT brain scan evidence of @entity4 . A multivariate regression model of failure time data was used to assess predictors of in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: @entity6 was the first manifestation of @entity4 in six @entity0 and occurred after all other symptoms in five. In other @entity0 , onset was characterized by @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity7 and disorientation (n=8) or by @entity1 with or without @entity3 (n=7). Angiography revealed @entity9 in eight @entity0 (31%). Other possible causative factors were @entity11 in one @entity0 and arterial @entity2 in 10. No cause was identified in seven @entity0 . Early @entity8 was the most frequent complication and resolved spontaneously in a minority of @entity0 . In-hospital mortality was high (42%): four @entity0 died early of direct consequence of bleeding and seven died after clinical worsening because of increasing @entity8 or other adverse events. Multivariate analysis indicated Glasgow @entity5 Scale < or = 8 (OR 4.67; 95% CI 1.22-17.92) and early @entity8 (OR 4.93; 95% CI 1.13-21.59) as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity4 , @entity8 seems to be a critical determinant of in-hospital mortality and this suggests the need for early treatment strategies.

title: XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Primary or neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to definitive local therapy has potential advantages for locally advanced @entity2 . It can downstage a @entity2 and allow definitive local therapy to be technically possible (surgery), or potentially more effective (radiotherapy). It can also eradicate subclinical systemic @entity1 . This report reviews a single institution's experience of neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to @entity2 over a 13-year period. One hundred and six @entity0 were treated with this intent. The @entity0 were analysed for their response to chemotherapy, treatment received, survival, relapse and @entity3 . The chemotherapy was feasible and the majority of @entity0 had a complete or partial response (58.5%). Eight @entity0 did not proceed to local treatment. Forty-six @entity0 had definitive surgery and 52 had definitive radiotherapy. The 5-year overall survival was 27% and the majority of @entity0 died with disease. The first site of relapse was usually in the pelvis (46.2%). Late complications that required ongoing medical therapy (n=6) or surgical intervention (n=2) were recorded in eight @entity0 (7.5%). On univariate analysis stage (P=0.04), @entity2 size (P=0.01), lymph node status (P=0.003), response to chemotherapy (P=0.045) and treatment (P=0.003) were all significant predictors of survival. On multivariate analysis, @entity2 size (P < 0.0001) and nodal status (P=0.02) were significant predictors of survival. Despite the impressive responses to chemotherapy of advanced @entity2 , there is evidence from randomized trials that it does not improve or compromise survival prior to radiotherapy. As its role prior to surgery remains unclear, it should not be used in this setting outside a prospective randomized trial.

title: Locally advanced XXXX : chemotherapy prior to definitive surgery or radiotherapy. A single institutional experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. The present study examined the origin of the 0.4 Hz rhythm in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in @entity0 . It was anticipated that, after elimination of 0.4 Hz oscillations of arterial pressure (AP) by alpha-adrenoceptor blockade, the persistence or disappearance of a 0.4 Hz rhythm in RSNA would point to an endogenous (central oscillator) or baroreflex origin, respectively. 2. Arterial pressure and RSNA were recorded in seven conscious @entity0 , before and after acute alpha-adrenoceptor blockade with @entity3 (5 mg/kg, i.v.). In each condition, power and coherence spectra were calculated over 15 min periods of rest. 3. In control conditions, highly coherent AP and RSNA oscillations were observed near 0.4 Hz. After @entity3 administration, spectral power in the mid-frequency (0.27-0.74 Hz) band was significantly reduced for both AP and RSNA and maximum power was shifted towards 0.7 Hz. 4. The disappearance of the RSNA rhythm at 0.4 Hz after @entity3 administration favours the hypothesis of a baroreflex origin. The new oscillation near 0.7 Hz can derive either from the activity of a previously unrecognized central oscillator or from a faster feedback mechanism involving cotransmitters of @entity2 acting with shorter time constants (e.g. @entity1 ).

title: Effect of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade on the 0.4 Hz sympathetic rhythm in conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. Large @entity4 is a principal determinant of pulse pressure and both are related to @entity1 independently of other major risk factors. A clearer understanding of the structural and genetic processes that contribute to large artery properties may provide novel approaches to therapy. 2. Age, @entity6 and gender are three important factors that contribute to large artery stiffening. Each influences the artery elastic matrix and its relationship to medial smooth muscle cells. Genetic and hormonal modulation of the extracellular matrix proteins and their regulators, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), may account for some interindividual differences. 3. In a study of 213 healthy individuals and 105 @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), we examined whether stromelysin-1 ( @entity7 ) genotype, determined by the 5A/6A promoter polymorphism, influences large artery stiffening. In healthy individuals, the 5A/5A genotype was linked with stiffer large arteries and higher systolic blood pressure compared with other genotypes. 4. Genetic variation in the extracellular matrix protein @entity8 , using a pentanucleotide repeat polymorphism, was assessed as a potential determinant of large @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity5 . The 2-3 genotype was associated with stiffer large arteries, higher pulse pressure and more severe @entity5 than other genotypes. 5. Females experience a greater increase in large @entity4 with age than males, with a time-course suggestive of sex @entity2 modulation. The mechanisms mediating such gender differences have not been established, but the known regulatory role of sex @entity3 with respect to MMPs likely contributes. 6. The demonstration that genetic and hormonal modulation of extracellular matrix components and MMPs contributes to age, @entity6 and gender-related differences in large artery mechanical properties suggests these proteins may be important targets for therapy.

title: Large XXXX : structural and genetic aspects.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) increases urinary albumin excretion in @entity0 ( @entity0 ). @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is structurally and functionally related to @entity3 , but its effect on urine albumin excretion rate (UAER) is unknown. AIMS: To compare the albuminuric effects of intravenous infusion of @entity3 and @entity2 , and to assess the effect of both peptides on tubular protein excretion. METHODS: Eight subjects with Type 1 @entity0 were randomised to a three leg, double blind, and placebo controlled study. On each study day, subjects were euglycaemic clamped and subsequently water loaded (20 mL/kg orally, plus urine losses) to steady state diuresis. When in steady state, @entity1 clearance was estimated in three separate 1 hour periods. At the end of the first period, a 1 hour intravenous infusion of either placebo, @entity3 0.025 microg/kg/min, or @entity2 0.025 microg/kg/min was administered. There followed a 1 hour recovery period. Urine was collected at 15 min intervals for estimation of urine albumin (ACR) and alpha1 microglobulin @entity1 ratio (MCR). Results were analysed by anova. RESULTS: @entity1 clearance was similar on the three study days, and was unaltered by any infusion. ACR was unaltered by placebo (1.3 +/- 0.5-1.2 +/- 0.4 mg/mmol, mean +/- SD, p = 0.81), but increased compared to placebo with infusion of both @entity3 (1.2 +/- 0.4-9.8 +/- 8.4 mg/mmol, P = 0.0004), and @entity2 (1.1 +/- 0.4-13.4 +/- 8.6 mg/mmol, P = 0.0001). The MCR was unaltered by placebo infusion (P = 0.89), but increased compared with placebo after infusion of @entity3 (5.4 +/- 0.9-12.3 +/- 4.2 mg/mmol, P < 0.0001), and @entity2 (5.4 +/- 0.8-12.1 +/- 2.5 mg/mmol, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous infusion of @entity2 and @entity3 both increase the urine excretion of albumin and the tubular protein alpha1 microglobulin, independent of @entity1 clearance.

title: @entity2 increases urinary albumin and alpha-1 microglobulin excretion in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) increases urinary albumin excretion in @entity0 ( @entity0 ). @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is structurally and functionally related to @entity3 , but its effect on urine albumin excretion rate (UAER) is unknown. AIMS: To compare the albuminuric effects of intravenous infusion of @entity3 and @entity2 , and to assess the effect of both peptides on tubular protein excretion. METHODS: Eight subjects with Type 1 @entity0 were randomised to a three leg, double blind, and placebo controlled study. On each study day, subjects were euglycaemic clamped and subsequently water loaded (20 mL/kg orally, plus urine losses) to steady state diuresis. When in steady state, @entity1 clearance was estimated in three separate 1 hour periods. At the end of the first period, a 1 hour intravenous infusion of either placebo, @entity3 0.025 microg/kg/min, or @entity2 0.025 microg/kg/min was administered. There followed a 1 hour recovery period. Urine was collected at 15 min intervals for estimation of urine albumin (ACR) and alpha1 microglobulin @entity1 ratio (MCR). Results were analysed by anova. RESULTS: @entity1 clearance was similar on the three study days, and was unaltered by any infusion. ACR was unaltered by placebo (1.3 +/- 0.5-1.2 +/- 0.4 mg/mmol, mean +/- SD, p = 0.81), but increased compared to placebo with infusion of both @entity3 (1.2 +/- 0.4-9.8 +/- 8.4 mg/mmol, P = 0.0004), and @entity2 (1.1 +/- 0.4-13.4 +/- 8.6 mg/mmol, P = 0.0001). The MCR was unaltered by placebo infusion (P = 0.89), but increased compared with placebo after infusion of @entity3 (5.4 +/- 0.9-12.3 +/- 4.2 mg/mmol, P < 0.0001), and @entity2 (5.4 +/- 0.8-12.1 +/- 2.5 mg/mmol, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous infusion of @entity2 and @entity3 both increase the urine excretion of albumin and the tubular protein alpha1 microglobulin, independent of @entity1 clearance.

title: XXXX increases urinary albumin and alpha-1 microglobulin excretion in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: To analyse the clinical and pathological features with long-term follow-up of a series of 12 cases of sarcomatoid @entity0 . methods and results: The cases were selected from the surgical files of the Department of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, between 1977 and 1988. The following clinical parameters were recorded: the age of the @entity1 , size of @entity3 , presence or absence of lymph node or distant metastases, and @entity1 survival. Pathological assessment included: the type of epithelial and mesenchymal components, the proportion of monophasic to biphasic @entity3 and the presence of adjacent in-situ @entity5 /atypical epithelial proliferation. The mean age of the @entity1 was 61 years with a median of 64 and range 46-82 years. The mean size of the @entity3 was 52 mm (range 22-100 mm). None of the @entity1 had distant @entity2 at presentation and only one case had local lymph node @entity2 which had a @entity12 appearance. Five @entity1 were still alive after a minimum 12-year follow-up period. Four @entity1 died of their disease (three with lung @entity2 only and one with lung and bone metastases), one died of @entity5 and two @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Pathologically, four cases (33.3%) had no or almost undetectable epithelial structures by light microscopy, i.e. "monophasic @entity5 ". The remaining cases revealed varying proportions of both epithelial and mesenchymal elements, i.e. "biphasic @entity5 ". Of the epithelial component, six (50%) @entity3 had predominantly @entity5 of no special type, one lobular and one @entity6 . The mesenchymal component was @entity4 / @entity13 -like, @entity10 ( @entity10 ), @entity7 -like and @entity11 -like in five (42%), four (33%), two (17%) and one (8%) @entity3 , respectively. In 3/4 monophasic @entity3 , the mesenchymal component was of a low-grade @entity4 / @entity13 type. In 6/12 (50%) of the cases there was associated in-situ atypical epithelial proliferation (five @entity8 in situ (DCIS) and one @entity9 ). CONCLUSIONS: From this small series it appears that @entity5 is an uncommon @entity3 , which is large in size and tends to lack local or distant @entity2 at presentation. Pathologists should be alert to the presence of the bland monophasic @entity5 which has a pure mesenchymal appearance on light microscopy, but epithelial components demonstrated by cytokeratin immunohistochemistry. These showed metastases on long-term follow-up, similar to other histological patterns of @entity5 .

title: Sarcomatoid/metaplastic XXXX : a clinicopathological study of 12 cases.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The role of @entity1 (NA) and @entity0 (DA) in the hypothalamic control of @entity8 (PRL) secretion was investigated in hypothalamic intact (control) and hypothalamo-pituitary disconnected (HPD) Soay rams. The animals were exposed to alternating 16-weekly periods of short (8 L : 16D) and long days (16 L : 8D) to induce marked cyclical changes in PRL secretion in both groups (as demonstrated previously). Selective NA and DA receptor antagonists (dose: 1.2 micromol/kg) were administered under short days (low endogenous PRL secretion), and agonists (dose: 0.0012-0.12 micromol/kg) were administered under long days (high endogenous PRL secretion). The acute changes in blood PRL concentrations were measured over 4 h as the index of responsiveness. Under short days, treatment with @entity7 (alpha-1 adenoceptor antagonist), and @entity5 (alpha-2 antagonist), consistently increased PRL secretion in control, but not in HPD rams. The treatments produced similar acute, drug-specific behavioural effects in both groups. @entity2 (beta antagonist) had no effect on PRL secretion, while @entity6 (DA D-2 antagonist) induced a marked increase in blood PRL concentrations in control rams (> 4 h), and a transient effect in HPD rams (15 min). Under long days, when endogenous PRL secretion was increased, @entity3 (alpha-1 agonist) produced no effects, while @entity4 (DA D-2 agonist) robustly decreased PRL concentrations in both control and HPD rams, even at the lowest treatment dose. Overall, the positive responses to the antagonists in the control rams, support the view that DA (acting via D-2 receptors), and to a lesser extent NA (acting via alpha-1/alpha-2 receptors), negatively regulate PRL secretion. In contrast, the lack of responses to the antagonists in the HPD rams, support the view that neither DA, nor NA, mediate the photoperiodic control of PRL secretion.

title: XXXX and @entity0 regulation of @entity8 secretion in sheep: role in @entity8 homeostasis but not photoperiodism.

answer: @entity1