abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2 content and saturation degree of the diet can modulate HDL composition and @entity1 efflux. OBJECTIVE: We studied the modifications in plasma lipoprotein particles and serum capacity to stimulate @entity1 efflux induced by different @entity4 . DESIGN: Seventeen @entity0 and 24 @entity0 followed in the same sequence 4 diets containing 35% of total energy as fat. The saturated fat diet contained 17% palm oil; the monounsaturated fat diet, 20.9% olive oil; the n-6 polyunsaturated fat diet, 12.5% sunflower oil; and the n-3 polyunsaturated fat diet, sunflower oil supplemented with 4-4.5 g fish oil/d. Each phase lasted 4-5 wk. RESULTS: In both sexes, @entity3 concentrations were significantly lower with unsaturated fat diets than with the saturated fat diet, but concentrations of lipoproteins containing only @entity3 (Lp A-I) were lower only in the @entity0 . Concentrations of lipoproteins containing both @entity3 and @entity5 (Lp A-I:A-II) were lower with both polyunsaturated fat diets in the @entity0 but significantly higher in the @entity0 . Lp E concentrations were significantly higher with the 2 polyunsaturated fat diets. Lp E non-B particle concentrations were not modified in the @entity0 but were significantly higher in the @entity0 in both polyunsaturated fat phases. Lp C-III concentrations were higher with the saturated fat diet only in the men. The serum samples taken after the n-3 polyunsaturated fat phase were the most efficient for extracting cellular @entity1 in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat diets were healthier, producing a better lipid profile. The n-3 polyunsaturated fat diet increased the capacity of serum to promote the efflux of @entity1 from cells in culture.

title: XXXX saturation of the diet and plasma lipid concentrations, lipoprotein particle concentrations, and @entity1 efflux capacity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2 content and saturation degree of the diet can modulate HDL composition and @entity1 efflux. OBJECTIVE: We studied the modifications in plasma lipoprotein particles and serum capacity to stimulate @entity1 efflux induced by different @entity4 . DESIGN: Seventeen @entity0 and 24 @entity0 followed in the same sequence 4 diets containing 35% of total energy as fat. The saturated fat diet contained 17% palm oil; the monounsaturated fat diet, 20.9% olive oil; the n-6 polyunsaturated fat diet, 12.5% sunflower oil; and the n-3 polyunsaturated fat diet, sunflower oil supplemented with 4-4.5 g fish oil/d. Each phase lasted 4-5 wk. RESULTS: In both sexes, @entity3 concentrations were significantly lower with unsaturated fat diets than with the saturated fat diet, but concentrations of lipoproteins containing only @entity3 (Lp A-I) were lower only in the @entity0 . Concentrations of lipoproteins containing both @entity3 and @entity5 (Lp A-I:A-II) were lower with both polyunsaturated fat diets in the @entity0 but significantly higher in the @entity0 . Lp E concentrations were significantly higher with the 2 polyunsaturated fat diets. Lp E non-B particle concentrations were not modified in the @entity0 but were significantly higher in the @entity0 in both polyunsaturated fat phases. Lp C-III concentrations were higher with the saturated fat diet only in the men. The serum samples taken after the n-3 polyunsaturated fat phase were the most efficient for extracting cellular @entity1 in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat diets were healthier, producing a better lipid profile. The n-3 polyunsaturated fat diet increased the capacity of serum to promote the efflux of @entity1 from cells in culture.

title: @entity2 saturation of the diet and plasma lipid concentrations, lipoprotein particle concentrations, and XXXX efflux capacity.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The present study addresses the specificity of @entity4 for distinguishing among @entity0 , @entity3 , and @entity2 . Osseous impact is used in this manuscript as a convention to describe the macroscopic appearance of defleshed bones affected by the disease. Osseous changes in the skeleton of a 47-year-old black male, diagnosed in life as having @entity6 , were characterized and compared to @entity1 observed in ten individuals with @entity3 and six with @entity0 in the Terry and Hamman-Todd Collections. Apparent distinguishing characteristics are identified. Eroded areas, present as fronts of resorption or the result of space-occupying masses in @entity6 , with protruding, short, blunt, 1 x 2 mm spicules of new bone, are surrounded by periosteal reaction. These differed from smooth zones of resorption and coalesced lesions, with a smoothed marginal zone and space-occupied appearance--bone-displacing mass--in @entity3 and lytic (nonpermeative) lesions of @entity0 . Displacing is a convention (an artificial term) denoting bone resorption and reformation at the outer edge of the @entity0 mass, giving the impression that the surrounding bone had expanded beyond its original margins. Irregular trabeculae are occasionally preserved in the margins, but remodeling in the form of blunting of those trabeculae is not observed macroscopically in either @entity3 or @entity0 . Two apparently specific lesion types are noted in @entity6 . Periosteal reaction surrounding fronts of resorption appears specific, at least for nonarticular osseous @entity1 , among the three entities studied. Remodeling of isolated internal trabeculae in the space-occupying mass lesions of @entity6 also appears unique among the three disorders studied. Comparison with @entity5 suggests that extrapolation of @entity6 findings to other @entity2 is feasible; description of additional clinically diagnosed cases is awaited.

title: Clues to recognition of fungal origin of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the current referral pattern and delays in treatment of @entity0 with primary @entity4 . METHODS: 184 consecutive Finnish @entity0 with @entity4 diagnosed between July 1994 and June 1999 were eligible, and 159 were enrolled (inclusion rate, 86%). Their mean age was 60 years (range 14-87). The dates of visits to dispensing optician, physician, ophthalmologist and ocular oncologist, the presence of symptoms, and reason for consultation were determined by structured telephone interview. Time intervals to treatment planning and treatment were calculated. RESULTS: 139 @entity0 (87%) had symptoms at presentation and 44 @entity0 (28%) had been seen by an ophthalmologist less than 2 years previously. The median height of the @entity1 was 6 mm (range, 1.0-17.0) and its largest basal diameter 11 mm (range 2.5-22.0) at diagnosis. @entity2 developed from a previously detected presumed naevus in 13 @entity0 (8%). When the first contact was a dispensing optician (15%) the median time to treatment planning was 22 days (range 1-1156). When a physician other than an ophthalmologist (19%) was contacted the delay was 68 days (range 0-1283) and when an ophthalmologist (65%) was seen it was 34 days (range 1-1426). These differences were not significant (p=0.32). The chance of being referred at first visit was 89%. Median time to treatment was not associated with symptoms (p=0.16) and @entity1 volume (p=0.29), but it was significantly different between @entity0 who were and were not referred at first visit (140 days v 34 days; p<0.001) and between those treated by @entity5 and @entity3 brachytherapy (59 days v 33 days; p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of delays in management indicates that earlier treatment could be achieved if dilated fundus examinations were performed without exceptions, all suspicious naevi were referred for a second opinion, and if the @entity0 with @entity2 were referred to the ocular oncology service concurrently with staging examinations done at the regional hospital.

title: Mode of presentation and time to treatment of XXXX in Finland.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptoms of @entity1 are generally refractory to psychotherapeutic or pharmacologic treatments. Recent study results suggest that opioid antagonists may reduce @entity0 urges, one of the core symptoms of @entity1 . The author discusses the rationale for and the potential utility of the opioid antagonists in the treatment of @entity1 . METHOD: Work by preclinical and clinical investigators on the subject of motivation and its contextually relevant behavior is reviewed. The review includes the pharmacologic modulation of the motivation or drive and subsequent changes in behavior in animals and @entity0 . On the basis of these reviews, the author prescribed @entity2 for up to 9 months to 15 @entity0 who had @entity1 , and 3 select cases are reported. RESULTS: @entity2 was generally well tolerated, and there were no hepatic side effects. @entity2 appears to reduce urge-related symptoms and decreases the problematic behaviors such as @entity3 . The effect appears to be sustained. In general, 50 mg/day of @entity2 was not effective. Most @entity0 required higher doses. Results were similar in the 12 other cases not reported here. CONCLUSION: @entity2 may be of use in select @entity1 @entity0 . Other opioid antagonists such as @entity4 also need to be tested. Until controlled study data become available, the present report should be viewed as preliminary.

title: Opioid antagonists in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 is a recently identified protein, which is synthesized in the podocytes and localized in the slit diaphragm area. @entity8 is a cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and presumably is a part of the zipper-like structure of the slit membrane. As the mutation of the gene coding @entity8 induces @entity7 of Finnish type, which is a prototype of @entity4 , it has been suggested that @entity8 also plays a role in acquired @entity1 . METHODS: To address the above issue, the expression of @entity8 in acquired @entity0 @entity1 was studied by immunoelectron microscopy employing a polyclonal antibody against @entity8 . Four normal @entity0 kidneys from nephrectomy specimens and eight kidney biopsy specimens from @entity1 @entity0 (one @entity5 , one @entity2 ( @entity2 ), one membranoproliferative @entity2 , four @entity1 , and one @entity6 ) were studied. @entity3 of the @entity0 ranged from 448 to 11725 mg/day. Effacement of the foot processes was observed in all @entity0 . RESULTS: The study demonstrated that the number and distribution of gold particles in the glomerular region, where the podocyte foot process was well preserved, were similar to that found in normal kidneys; however, gold particles were almost always absent in regions where the foot processes were effaced. The number of gold particles per foot process interspace was not different between normal controls and @entity2 @entity0 ; however, the number of gold particles per defined length (1000 nm) of the glomerular basement membrane underlying the foot processes was significantly reduced in @entity2 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Using immunoelectron microscopy, we observed that the expression of @entity8 in @entity2 was lower in regions where the foot processes were effaced, and comparable with that of normal controls where the foot process interspaces were preserved. The significance of our observation in the context of @entity3 in acquired @entity2 needs further clarification.

title: Expression of @entity8 in acquired @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 is a recently identified protein, which is synthesized in the podocytes and localized in the slit diaphragm area. @entity8 is a cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and presumably is a part of the zipper-like structure of the slit membrane. As the mutation of the gene coding @entity8 induces @entity7 of Finnish type, which is a prototype of @entity4 , it has been suggested that @entity8 also plays a role in acquired @entity1 . METHODS: To address the above issue, the expression of @entity8 in acquired @entity0 @entity1 was studied by immunoelectron microscopy employing a polyclonal antibody against @entity8 . Four normal @entity0 kidneys from nephrectomy specimens and eight kidney biopsy specimens from @entity1 @entity0 (one @entity5 , one @entity2 ( @entity2 ), one membranoproliferative @entity2 , four @entity1 , and one @entity6 ) were studied. @entity3 of the @entity0 ranged from 448 to 11725 mg/day. Effacement of the foot processes was observed in all @entity0 . RESULTS: The study demonstrated that the number and distribution of gold particles in the glomerular region, where the podocyte foot process was well preserved, were similar to that found in normal kidneys; however, gold particles were almost always absent in regions where the foot processes were effaced. The number of gold particles per foot process interspace was not different between normal controls and @entity2 @entity0 ; however, the number of gold particles per defined length (1000 nm) of the glomerular basement membrane underlying the foot processes was significantly reduced in @entity2 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Using immunoelectron microscopy, we observed that the expression of @entity8 in @entity2 was lower in regions where the foot processes were effaced, and comparable with that of normal controls where the foot process interspaces were preserved. The significance of our observation in the context of @entity3 in acquired @entity2 needs further clarification.

title: Expression of XXXX in acquired @entity0 @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 is a recently identified protein, which is synthesized in the podocytes and localized in the slit diaphragm area. @entity8 is a cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and presumably is a part of the zipper-like structure of the slit membrane. As the mutation of the gene coding @entity8 induces @entity7 of Finnish type, which is a prototype of @entity4 , it has been suggested that @entity8 also plays a role in acquired @entity1 . METHODS: To address the above issue, the expression of @entity8 in acquired @entity0 @entity1 was studied by immunoelectron microscopy employing a polyclonal antibody against @entity8 . Four normal @entity0 kidneys from nephrectomy specimens and eight kidney biopsy specimens from @entity1 @entity0 (one @entity5 , one @entity2 ( @entity2 ), one membranoproliferative @entity2 , four @entity1 , and one @entity6 ) were studied. @entity3 of the @entity0 ranged from 448 to 11725 mg/day. Effacement of the foot processes was observed in all @entity0 . RESULTS: The study demonstrated that the number and distribution of gold particles in the glomerular region, where the podocyte foot process was well preserved, were similar to that found in normal kidneys; however, gold particles were almost always absent in regions where the foot processes were effaced. The number of gold particles per foot process interspace was not different between normal controls and @entity2 @entity0 ; however, the number of gold particles per defined length (1000 nm) of the glomerular basement membrane underlying the foot processes was significantly reduced in @entity2 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Using immunoelectron microscopy, we observed that the expression of @entity8 in @entity2 was lower in regions where the foot processes were effaced, and comparable with that of normal controls where the foot process interspaces were preserved. The significance of our observation in the context of @entity3 in acquired @entity2 needs further clarification.

title: Expression of @entity8 in acquired XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Screening mammography contributes to the improvement of @entity0 survival through early detection and treatment of non-palpable lesions. Microcalcifications are of fundamental importance in this process. The percentage of @entity2 found in biopsies for microcalcifications varies from 10% to 40%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between clinical and radiologic records and the presence of malignant @entity4 . To establish the basis for the study, 211 mammographic files showing clustered microcalcifications from 204 @entity1 were prospectively reviewed and clinical records were retrospectively drawn. Definitive pathologic analysis was available for all. The value for @entity2 of each criterion was investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. A first analysis was performed on the entire population and a second one was performed with stratification on morphologic subgroups. There were 99 @entity2 (47%). In the entire group, no clinical criterion was significant. In the univariate analysis, five radiologic variables were significant: morphologic type(p < 0.0001), number of @entity3 per cluster(p < 0.0001), linear or triangular distribution(p < 0.0002), diameter of the area (p < 0.01),and number of clusters (p = 0.011). In the multivariate analysis, two criteria remained significant: morphologic type 4 (irregularly punctiform) or 5 (vermicular) microcalcifications(Le Gal's classification) (p < 0.0001) and diameter of the cluster larger than 25 mm (p = 0.032). In subgroups,in the multivariate analysis, the "age > 60 years" criterion was statistically significant in the group of regular punctiform microcalcifications (type 2); for irregularly punctiform microcalcifications (type 4), "number of microcalcifications > 20" was significant. The morphologic features of microcalcifications must be the first criterion evaluated. They permit identification of characteristically benign (annular @entity3 ) or malignant @entity3 (vermicular @entity3 ). For the remainder of the calcification types, other criteria must be taken into account, and their value vary with (according to) the morphologic aspect. These findings have implications for the management of @entity1 with microcalcifications and could help breast specialists make treatment decisions.

title: XXXX : multivariate analysis of radiologic and clinical factors for carcinoma.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the surgical treatment of @entity4 (2HPT) due to @entity5 , it is considered necessary to remove all parathyroid glands from the neck to prevent persistent and recurrent @entity3 . However, in some cases fewer than four parathyroid glands can be recognized at initial operation; in the present study, we evaluated the long-term prognosis and estimated surgical strategy in such cases. Between March 1981 and January 1999, 822 @entity0 underwent total parathyroidectomy (PTx) with forearm autograft for advanced 2HPT at the Department of Transplant Surgery of Nagoya Second Red Cross Hospital. In 21 cases (2.6%) fewer than four parathyroid glands were macroscopically found at the initial operation. These cases were followed up and their parathyroid function was evaluated by measurement of intact @entity2 ( @entity2 ). In 20 of the 21 cases three glands were found, in 1 @entity0 only two glands. In 5 of these cases the fourth gland was identified first after postoperative histopathologic evaluation. In all these cases the intact @entity2 level was normalized. In 8 of the remaining 16 cases high @entity2 levels persisted after the initial operation, including 3 @entity0 who underwent neck reexploration. However, in the other 7 @entity0 @entity2 levels dropped within normal range immediately after PTx and a fourth gland has never been recognized. One @entity0 was lost to follow-up. Thus, using our operative strategy, 12 of 822 cases (0.85%) did not develop persistent or recurrent HPT even though only three glands were identified at the operation. To avoid @entity1 , autotransplantation should be performed when fewer than four parathyroid glands are found at the initial operation.

title: Cases with fewer than four parathyroid glands in XXXX with renal hyperparathyroidism at initial parathyroidectomy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 63-year-old female with locally advanced @entity0 was treated with preoperative chemotherapy using @entity2 . The therapeutic regimen was comprised of four cycles at 3-week intervals. One cycle consisted of 80 mg of @entity2 which was administered on day 1. A remarkable response was confirmed. The side effects such as @entity3 , general fatigue and @entity4 were moderate and had no influence on the @entity1 's QOL. After preoperative chemotherapy, a full thickness chest wall resection was performed. Chest wall defect was reconstructed with orthopedic A-O metallic plates, Marlex mesh and rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. These metal plates were very useful because it was easy to bend and twist them manually to fit the defect at the time of operation. Moreover, the curved metal plates preserved the cone form of the chest cage. The postoperative course was favourable without frail @entity5 .

title: [A case of locally advanced XXXX successfully treated with wide resection and reconstruction of chest wall with A-O metallic plates].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Aged @entity0 exhibit diminished CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to influenza virus. Previously, interleukin-12 (IL-12) was shown to partially restore in vitro influenza virus-specific CD8(+) CTL activity and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) production in aged @entity0 . The present study investigated @entity3 production and its ability to collaborate with IL-12 to enhance these responses to the levels of young @entity0 . @entity3 protein production and mRNA expression in influenza virus-specific CTL from aged @entity0 were higher than from young @entity0 . In contrast, @entity3 receptor (IL-18R) mRNA expression was significantly reduced in CD8(+) CTL from aged @entity0 . Generation of CTL in the presence of IL-12 alone caused a significant increase in @entity1 production in both old and young @entity0 . @entity3 treatment alone significantly increased @entity1 in CTL from young but not old @entity0 . However, a combination of @entity3 and IL-12 significantly increased @entity1 in both old and young @entity0 . @entity3 and IL-12, either alone or in combination, stimulated significant influenza virus-specific @entity2 in both old and young @entity0 , but no significant synergistic effect was observed. These results represent an initial demonstration of downregulated IL-18R expression in aging @entity0 and are consistent with age-related @entity2 . Potentially, @entity3 and IL-12 can augment @entity1 production and reverse CD8(+) @entity2 in aging, independently or synergistically.

title: Independent and synergistic effects of XXXX and interleukin-12 in augmenting cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and @entity1 production in aging.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Aged @entity0 exhibit diminished CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to influenza virus. Previously, interleukin-12 (IL-12) was shown to partially restore in vitro influenza virus-specific CD8(+) CTL activity and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) production in aged @entity0 . The present study investigated @entity3 production and its ability to collaborate with IL-12 to enhance these responses to the levels of young @entity0 . @entity3 protein production and mRNA expression in influenza virus-specific CTL from aged @entity0 were higher than from young @entity0 . In contrast, @entity3 receptor (IL-18R) mRNA expression was significantly reduced in CD8(+) CTL from aged @entity0 . Generation of CTL in the presence of IL-12 alone caused a significant increase in @entity1 production in both old and young @entity0 . @entity3 treatment alone significantly increased @entity1 in CTL from young but not old @entity0 . However, a combination of @entity3 and IL-12 significantly increased @entity1 in both old and young @entity0 . @entity3 and IL-12, either alone or in combination, stimulated significant influenza virus-specific @entity2 in both old and young @entity0 , but no significant synergistic effect was observed. These results represent an initial demonstration of downregulated IL-18R expression in aging @entity0 and are consistent with age-related @entity2 . Potentially, @entity3 and IL-12 can augment @entity1 production and reverse CD8(+) @entity2 in aging, independently or synergistically.

title: Independent and synergistic effects of @entity3 and interleukin-12 in augmenting cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and XXXX production in aging.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To monitor growth, a novel noninvasive leg length measurement technique, called microknemometry, which allows daily observation of tibial growth rate, was used. The @entity0 exhibits a striking sex-related difference in postpubertal growth. Exogenous GH administration results in a sexually dimorphic response, affecting growth in normal young female @entity0 but not in males. Here we investigated how chronic @entity5 affects male and female @entity0 growth patterns. The degree of growth rate recovery was investigated after exogenous GH administration to chronically deficient males and females. The deficiency was induced by neonatal @entity6 ( @entity6 ) treatment. Since the neonatal gonadal environment plays an important role in the dimorphic growth pattern, neonatal androgenization of female @entity0 with @entity1 or neonatal feminization of male @entity0 by castration was performed and the growth pattern monitored. @entity6 treatment decreased pituitary GH content and plasma @entity4 levels in both sexes, but caused a less marked reduction of female @entity0 tibial growth and body @entity3 than in males. Additionally, only @entity6 -treated males showed decreased pituitary LH content, so that the dimorphic action of @entity6 on the @entity2 may contribute to the observed differences in growth rate. GH administration was able to increase leg length in all @entity6 -treated @entity0 but was more effective in females, despite a similar restoration of plasma @entity4 levels in both sexes. Although neonatal castration of male @entity0 resulted in a reduction of tibial growth rate and body weight, and neonatal @entity1 administration to female @entity0 caused a slight increase in body weight, a complete modification of the gender-dependent growth pattern was not achieved, indicating that appropriate steroid environment is also needed in puberty and adulthood.

title: Sexual dimorphism in growth as measured by microknemometry: different responses to XXXX and exogenous GH administration.

answer: @entity5


abstract: CONTEXT: Cancer registries have reported an increased incidence of @entity3 and certain noncutaneous @entity1 following @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Whether these findings were attributable to intensified surveillance, shared risk factors, or increased @entity1 susceptibility remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a history of @entity4 predicts @entity1 mortality. DESIGN: Prospective cohort with 12-year mortality follow-up adjusted for multiple risk factors. SETTING: Cancer Prevention Study II, United States and Puerto Rico. @entity0 : Nearly 1.1 million adult volunteers who completed a baseline questionnaire in 1982. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Deaths due to all @entity1 and common @entity1 . RESULTS: After adjusting for age, race, education, smoking, obesity, @entity2 use, and other conventional risk factors, a baseline history of @entity4 was associated with increased total @entity1 mortality ( @entity0 's relative risk [RR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.36; @entity0 's RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17-1.35). Exclusion of deaths due to @entity3 reduced these RRs only slightly. Mortality was increased for the following @entity1 : @entity3 (RR, 3.36 in @entity0 , 3.52 in @entity0 ); pharynx (RR, 2.77 in @entity0 , 2.81 in @entity0 ); lung (RR, 1.37 in @entity0 , 1.46 in @entity0 ); @entity6 (RR, 1.32 in @entity0 , 1.50 in @entity0 ); in @entity0 only, salivary glands (RR, 2.96), prostate (RR, 1.28), testis (RR, 12.7), urinary bladder (RR, 1.41), and @entity5 (RR, 1.37); and in @entity0 only, breast (RR, 1.34). All-cause mortality was slightly increased (adjusted @entity0 's RR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.00-1.06]; @entity0 's RR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00-1.09]). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with a history of @entity4 are at increased risk of @entity1 mortality. Although the biological mechanisms are unknown, a history of @entity4 should increase the clinician's alertness for certain noncutaneous @entity1 as well as @entity3 .

title: Increased XXXX mortality following a history of @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: Cancer registries have reported an increased incidence of @entity3 and certain noncutaneous @entity1 following @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Whether these findings were attributable to intensified surveillance, shared risk factors, or increased @entity1 susceptibility remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a history of @entity4 predicts @entity1 mortality. DESIGN: Prospective cohort with 12-year mortality follow-up adjusted for multiple risk factors. SETTING: Cancer Prevention Study II, United States and Puerto Rico. @entity0 : Nearly 1.1 million adult volunteers who completed a baseline questionnaire in 1982. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Deaths due to all @entity1 and common @entity1 . RESULTS: After adjusting for age, race, education, smoking, obesity, @entity2 use, and other conventional risk factors, a baseline history of @entity4 was associated with increased total @entity1 mortality ( @entity0 's relative risk [RR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.36; @entity0 's RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17-1.35). Exclusion of deaths due to @entity3 reduced these RRs only slightly. Mortality was increased for the following @entity1 : @entity3 (RR, 3.36 in @entity0 , 3.52 in @entity0 ); pharynx (RR, 2.77 in @entity0 , 2.81 in @entity0 ); lung (RR, 1.37 in @entity0 , 1.46 in @entity0 ); @entity6 (RR, 1.32 in @entity0 , 1.50 in @entity0 ); in @entity0 only, salivary glands (RR, 2.96), prostate (RR, 1.28), testis (RR, 12.7), urinary bladder (RR, 1.41), and @entity5 (RR, 1.37); and in @entity0 only, breast (RR, 1.34). All-cause mortality was slightly increased (adjusted @entity0 's RR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.00-1.06]; @entity0 's RR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00-1.09]). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with a history of @entity4 are at increased risk of @entity1 mortality. Although the biological mechanisms are unknown, a history of @entity4 should increase the clinician's alertness for certain noncutaneous @entity1 as well as @entity3 .

title: Increased @entity1 mortality following a history of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of definitive radiotherapy in the treatment of clinical stage T4 cutaneous @entity3 of the @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Between October 1964 and September 1997, 85 @entity0 with 88 biopsy-proven clinical AJCC stage T4 @entity3 of the skin of the @entity2 received radiotherapy with curative intent. A total of 43 lesions were previously untreated, and 45 were recurrent after other treatment modalities. Histologic types of @entity3 included squamous cell (37 lesions), basal cell (41 lesions), and metatypical basal (basosquamous) cell (10 lesions). Minimum follow-up was 2 years. The product-limit method was used to determine the rates of disease control, severe late complications, and survival. Multivariate analyses included histology, previous treatment, involvement of bone or nerve, number of structures invaded, node stage, external beam dose, and overall treatment time. RESULTS: At 5 years, the rates of local control after radiotherapy and ultimate local control after salvage surgery were 53% and 90%, respectively. Local control rates were better for @entity0 having previously untreated lesions (P =.05). Regional and ultimate regional control rates were 93% and 100%, respectively, and were better for previously untreated lesions (P <.01), basal cell histology or its metatypical variant (P =.04), and absence of bone invasion (P =.08). At 5 years, the risk of severe late complications was 17%, the risk of distant @entity1 was 5%, and the overall absolute and cause-specific survival probabilities were 56% and 76%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy alone results in a relatively high probability of cure for selected @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Radiotherapy alone for clinical T4 @entity4 of the XXXX with surgery reserved for salvage.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of definitive radiotherapy in the treatment of clinical stage T4 cutaneous @entity3 of the @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Between October 1964 and September 1997, 85 @entity0 with 88 biopsy-proven clinical AJCC stage T4 @entity3 of the skin of the @entity2 received radiotherapy with curative intent. A total of 43 lesions were previously untreated, and 45 were recurrent after other treatment modalities. Histologic types of @entity3 included squamous cell (37 lesions), basal cell (41 lesions), and metatypical basal (basosquamous) cell (10 lesions). Minimum follow-up was 2 years. The product-limit method was used to determine the rates of disease control, severe late complications, and survival. Multivariate analyses included histology, previous treatment, involvement of bone or nerve, number of structures invaded, node stage, external beam dose, and overall treatment time. RESULTS: At 5 years, the rates of local control after radiotherapy and ultimate local control after salvage surgery were 53% and 90%, respectively. Local control rates were better for @entity0 having previously untreated lesions (P =.05). Regional and ultimate regional control rates were 93% and 100%, respectively, and were better for previously untreated lesions (P <.01), basal cell histology or its metatypical variant (P =.04), and absence of bone invasion (P =.08). At 5 years, the risk of severe late complications was 17%, the risk of distant @entity1 was 5%, and the overall absolute and cause-specific survival probabilities were 56% and 76%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy alone results in a relatively high probability of cure for selected @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Radiotherapy alone for clinical T4 XXXX of the @entity2 with surgery reserved for salvage.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Recent chemopreventive studies in our laboratories showed that the @entity5 inhibitor, @entity6 , inhibited the induction of mammary @entity1 by @entity4 ( @entity3 ). In this study, we examined the relative chemopreventive effect of varying doses of @entity6 on the development and growth of @entity3 -induced @entity2 mammary @entity1 . At 10 days prior to receiving a single intragastric dose of 15 mg @entity3 / @entity2 , female @entity2 were fed a control chow diet or diets containing 250, 500, 1000 or 1500 ppm @entity6 until termination of the experiment. Administration of increasing doses of @entity6 inhibited mammary @entity1 incidence and multiplicity as well as @entity1 volume in a dose-dependent manner. At 122 days post @entity3 -intubation, mammary @entity1 incidence was 100% in the control @entity2 compared to 80%, 50%, 45% and 25% in @entity2 receiving 250, 500, 1000 or 1500 ppm @entity6 , respectively (p<0.001). Similarly, @entity1 multiplicity and @entity1 volume were significantly reduced by increasing the dose of @entity6 from 250 to 1500 ppm in the diet. The control @entity2 had an average of 3.46 @entity1 / @entity2 compared to 1.80, 1.00, 0.75 and 0.50 @entity1 / @entity2 in animals receiving 250, 500, 1000 or 1500 ppm @entity6 , respectively (p<0.001). Average @entity1 volumes in @entity2 fed 250, 500, 1000 or 1500 ppm @entity6 were 0.42, 0.34, 0.31 and 0.16 cm3 compared to 1.29 cm3 in the control @entity2 (p<0.001). There was a concomitant increase in the steady-state serum concentration of @entity6 with the dose. These results indicate that, in this @entity2 model, the chemopreventive effect of @entity6 against @entity0 is dose-dependent and that @entity6 is effective even at lower dose levels.

title: Dose-response effects of the @entity5 inhibitor, XXXX , on the chemoprevention of mammary carcinogenesis.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Recent chemopreventive studies in our laboratories showed that the @entity5 inhibitor, @entity6 , inhibited the induction of mammary @entity1 by @entity4 ( @entity3 ). In this study, we examined the relative chemopreventive effect of varying doses of @entity6 on the development and growth of @entity3 -induced @entity2 mammary @entity1 . At 10 days prior to receiving a single intragastric dose of 15 mg @entity3 / @entity2 , female @entity2 were fed a control chow diet or diets containing 250, 500, 1000 or 1500 ppm @entity6 until termination of the experiment. Administration of increasing doses of @entity6 inhibited mammary @entity1 incidence and multiplicity as well as @entity1 volume in a dose-dependent manner. At 122 days post @entity3 -intubation, mammary @entity1 incidence was 100% in the control @entity2 compared to 80%, 50%, 45% and 25% in @entity2 receiving 250, 500, 1000 or 1500 ppm @entity6 , respectively (p<0.001). Similarly, @entity1 multiplicity and @entity1 volume were significantly reduced by increasing the dose of @entity6 from 250 to 1500 ppm in the diet. The control @entity2 had an average of 3.46 @entity1 / @entity2 compared to 1.80, 1.00, 0.75 and 0.50 @entity1 / @entity2 in animals receiving 250, 500, 1000 or 1500 ppm @entity6 , respectively (p<0.001). Average @entity1 volumes in @entity2 fed 250, 500, 1000 or 1500 ppm @entity6 were 0.42, 0.34, 0.31 and 0.16 cm3 compared to 1.29 cm3 in the control @entity2 (p<0.001). There was a concomitant increase in the steady-state serum concentration of @entity6 with the dose. These results indicate that, in this @entity2 model, the chemopreventive effect of @entity6 against @entity0 is dose-dependent and that @entity6 is effective even at lower dose levels.

title: Dose-response effects of the XXXX inhibitor, @entity6 , on the chemoprevention of mammary carcinogenesis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of second primary @entity2 in @entity0 with a history of @entity3 , compared with @entity0 with a history of @entity6 , is unknown. It is unclear whether guidelines for colonoscopy screening in @entity0 with @entity4 are appropriate for @entity0 with previous @entity3 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of second primary @entity2 after treatment for localized @entity3 and to compare this incidence with that of first primary @entity2 in both the general population and high-risk @entity0 . DESIGN: Historical cohort study. SETTING: An international, multi-institutional trial of adjuvant @entity5 -based chemotherapy for localized @entity3 . @entity0 : 3278 @entity0 with resected @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: Occurrence of endoscopic or radiologic colon surveillance and incidence of second primary @entity2 . RESULTS: Forty-two cases of second primary invasive @entity3 were found over 15 345 @entity0 -years of follow-up, yielding an incidence rate of 274 per 100 000 @entity0 -years (95% CI, 196 to 369 per 100 000 @entity0 -years) and a cumulative incidence of 1.5% (CI, 1.1% to 2.0%) at 5 years. This rate was compared with rates of first @entity3 in two reference groups: the general population and @entity0 who had undergone frequent colonoscopy and polypectomy because of a history of @entity6 ; standardized incidence ratios were 1.6 (CI, 1.2 to 2.2) and 6.8 (CI, 2.7 to 22.0), respectively. CONCLUSION: The incidence of second primary @entity2 remains high despite intensive surveillance strategies.

title: Surveillance for second primary XXXX after adjuvant chemotherapy: an analysis of Intergroup 0089.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this study was to describe incidence and progression of @entity2 in relation to medical risk indicators as well as @entity3 outcome after a continuous follow-up period of 10 years in a Type 1 @entity2 population treated under routine care. The incidence and progression of @entity4 and their association to HbA(1c), blood pressure, urinary albumin, serum @entity5 levels, and insulin dosage were studied prospectively in 452 Type 1 @entity2 @entity0 . The degree of @entity4 was classified as no @entity4 , background, or sight-threatening @entity4 , i.e. clinically significant macular @entity1 , severe nonproliferative, or @entity4 . @entity3 was defined as a @entity3 <0.5 and @entity7 as a @entity3 < or =0.1 in the best eye. In @entity0 still alive at follow-up (n=344), 61% (69/114) developed any @entity4 , 45% (51/114) background @entity4 , and 16% (18/114) sight-threatening @entity4 . Progression from background to sight-threatening @entity4 occurred in 56% (73/131). In 2% (6/335), @entity3 dropped to <0.5 and in less than 1% (3/340) to < or =0.1. @entity0 who developed any @entity4 and @entity0 who progressed to sight-threatening @entity4 had higher mean HbA(1c) levels over time compared to those who remained stable (P<.001 in both cases). @entity0 who developed any @entity4 had higher levels of mean diastolic blood pressure (P=.036), whereas no differences were seen in systolic blood pressure levels between the groups. Cox regression analysis, including all @entity0 , showed mean HbA(1c) to be an independent risk indicator for both development and progression of @entity4 , whereas mean diastolic blood pressure was only a risk indicator for the incidence of @entity4 . Metabolic control is an important risk indicator for both development and progression of @entity4 , whereas diastolic blood pressure is important for the development of @entity6 . The number of @entity0 who became blind during 10 years of follow-up was low.

title: @entity2 , XXXX , and medical risk indicators: a continuous 10-year follow-up study in Type 1 @entity2 @entity0 under routine care.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The objective of this study was to describe incidence and progression of @entity2 in relation to medical risk indicators as well as @entity3 outcome after a continuous follow-up period of 10 years in a Type 1 @entity2 population treated under routine care. The incidence and progression of @entity4 and their association to HbA(1c), blood pressure, urinary albumin, serum @entity5 levels, and insulin dosage were studied prospectively in 452 Type 1 @entity2 @entity0 . The degree of @entity4 was classified as no @entity4 , background, or sight-threatening @entity4 , i.e. clinically significant macular @entity1 , severe nonproliferative, or @entity4 . @entity3 was defined as a @entity3 <0.5 and @entity7 as a @entity3 < or =0.1 in the best eye. In @entity0 still alive at follow-up (n=344), 61% (69/114) developed any @entity4 , 45% (51/114) background @entity4 , and 16% (18/114) sight-threatening @entity4 . Progression from background to sight-threatening @entity4 occurred in 56% (73/131). In 2% (6/335), @entity3 dropped to <0.5 and in less than 1% (3/340) to < or =0.1. @entity0 who developed any @entity4 and @entity0 who progressed to sight-threatening @entity4 had higher mean HbA(1c) levels over time compared to those who remained stable (P<.001 in both cases). @entity0 who developed any @entity4 had higher levels of mean diastolic blood pressure (P=.036), whereas no differences were seen in systolic blood pressure levels between the groups. Cox regression analysis, including all @entity0 , showed mean HbA(1c) to be an independent risk indicator for both development and progression of @entity4 , whereas mean diastolic blood pressure was only a risk indicator for the incidence of @entity4 . Metabolic control is an important risk indicator for both development and progression of @entity4 , whereas diastolic blood pressure is important for the development of @entity6 . The number of @entity0 who became blind during 10 years of follow-up was low.

title: XXXX , @entity3 , and medical risk indicators: a continuous 10-year follow-up study in Type 1 @entity2 @entity0 under routine care.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this study was to describe incidence and progression of @entity2 in relation to medical risk indicators as well as @entity3 outcome after a continuous follow-up period of 10 years in a Type 1 @entity2 population treated under routine care. The incidence and progression of @entity4 and their association to HbA(1c), blood pressure, urinary albumin, serum @entity5 levels, and insulin dosage were studied prospectively in 452 Type 1 @entity2 @entity0 . The degree of @entity4 was classified as no @entity4 , background, or sight-threatening @entity4 , i.e. clinically significant macular @entity1 , severe nonproliferative, or @entity4 . @entity3 was defined as a @entity3 <0.5 and @entity7 as a @entity3 < or =0.1 in the best eye. In @entity0 still alive at follow-up (n=344), 61% (69/114) developed any @entity4 , 45% (51/114) background @entity4 , and 16% (18/114) sight-threatening @entity4 . Progression from background to sight-threatening @entity4 occurred in 56% (73/131). In 2% (6/335), @entity3 dropped to <0.5 and in less than 1% (3/340) to < or =0.1. @entity0 who developed any @entity4 and @entity0 who progressed to sight-threatening @entity4 had higher mean HbA(1c) levels over time compared to those who remained stable (P<.001 in both cases). @entity0 who developed any @entity4 had higher levels of mean diastolic blood pressure (P=.036), whereas no differences were seen in systolic blood pressure levels between the groups. Cox regression analysis, including all @entity0 , showed mean HbA(1c) to be an independent risk indicator for both development and progression of @entity4 , whereas mean diastolic blood pressure was only a risk indicator for the incidence of @entity4 . Metabolic control is an important risk indicator for both development and progression of @entity4 , whereas diastolic blood pressure is important for the development of @entity6 . The number of @entity0 who became blind during 10 years of follow-up was low.

title: @entity2 , @entity3 , and medical risk indicators: a continuous 10-year follow-up study in Type 1 XXXX @entity0 under routine care.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this study was to describe incidence and progression of @entity2 in relation to medical risk indicators as well as @entity3 outcome after a continuous follow-up period of 10 years in a Type 1 @entity2 population treated under routine care. The incidence and progression of @entity4 and their association to HbA(1c), blood pressure, urinary albumin, serum @entity5 levels, and insulin dosage were studied prospectively in 452 Type 1 @entity2 @entity0 . The degree of @entity4 was classified as no @entity4 , background, or sight-threatening @entity4 , i.e. clinically significant macular @entity1 , severe nonproliferative, or @entity4 . @entity3 was defined as a @entity3 <0.5 and @entity7 as a @entity3 < or =0.1 in the best eye. In @entity0 still alive at follow-up (n=344), 61% (69/114) developed any @entity4 , 45% (51/114) background @entity4 , and 16% (18/114) sight-threatening @entity4 . Progression from background to sight-threatening @entity4 occurred in 56% (73/131). In 2% (6/335), @entity3 dropped to <0.5 and in less than 1% (3/340) to < or =0.1. @entity0 who developed any @entity4 and @entity0 who progressed to sight-threatening @entity4 had higher mean HbA(1c) levels over time compared to those who remained stable (P<.001 in both cases). @entity0 who developed any @entity4 had higher levels of mean diastolic blood pressure (P=.036), whereas no differences were seen in systolic blood pressure levels between the groups. Cox regression analysis, including all @entity0 , showed mean HbA(1c) to be an independent risk indicator for both development and progression of @entity4 , whereas mean diastolic blood pressure was only a risk indicator for the incidence of @entity4 . Metabolic control is an important risk indicator for both development and progression of @entity4 , whereas diastolic blood pressure is important for the development of @entity6 . The number of @entity0 who became blind during 10 years of follow-up was low.

title: @entity2 , @entity3 , and medical risk indicators: a continuous 10-year follow-up study in Type 1 @entity2 XXXX under routine care.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Exacerbations of @entity2 have been associated with exposure to @entity4 or particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm (PM10). We postulated in this study that the association of summertime air pollution (i.e. @entity4 and PM10) with acute respiratory symptoms, medication use and peak expiratory flow differs among @entity0 grouped according to @entity2 severity. During the summer of 1995, effects of ambient air pollution on these parameters were studied in a panel of 60 nonsmoking @entity0 with intermittent to severe persistent @entity2 . These @entity0 were recruited from our Pulmonary Out- @entity0 Clinic. Subgroup analysis was performed on the degree of hyperresponsiveness and lung @entity1 use before the start of the study, as indictors for the severity of @entity2 . Associations of the parameters studied with @entity4 , PM10, @entity6 ( @entity5 ), @entity8 ( @entity7 ) and black smoke were evaluated using time series analysis. Several episodes with increased summertime air pollution occurred during the 96 day study period. Eight hour average @entity4 concentrations exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines (120 microg x m(-3)) on 16 occasions. Daily mean levels of PM10 were moderately elevated (range 16-98 microg x m(-3)). Levels of the other measured pollutants were low. There was a consistent, positive association of the prevalence of @entity3 (maximal relative risk (RRmax) 1.18) with @entity4 , PM10, black smoke and @entity5 . In addition, bronchodilator use was associated with both @entity4 and PM10 levels (RRmax 1.16). Stratification by airway hyperresponsiveness and @entity1 use did not affect the magnitude of the observed associations. No associations with peak expiratory flow measurements were found. We conclude that the severity of @entity2 is not an indicator for the sensitivity to air pollution.

title: XXXX severity and susceptibility to air pollution.

answer: @entity2


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a suitable viral vector for transgene expression within the @entity0 vestibular organs. BACKGROUND: In vivo introduction and expression of a foreign gene within the cochlear tissues have been established using a variety of viral vectors and @entity2 as the animal model. However, the vestibular neuroepithelia of the @entity0 inner ear as a potential target for transgene expression remain to be investigated. METHODS: Transgene expression was assessed within the vestibular neuroepithelia of @entity2 after intracochlear infusion of the recombinant AAV vector with the aid of an osmotic minipump. Evaluation of the transgene within the vestibular apparatus focused on its duration of expression from 2-24 weeks after intracochlear AAV infusion using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In the @entity3 ( @entity3 )-infused animals, the sensory hair cells as well as the supporting epithelial cells of cristae and maculae were positive for the transgene expression. The relative level of @entity3 expression was noted to decrease progressively over time. @entity1 also was observed in the contralateral ear, a finding that has been documented previously in AAV-integrated transgene expression in the cochlea. CONCLUSION: This study reports the first demonstration of introduction and long-term transgene expression within the vestibular neuroepithelia. The ability to express a foreign gene with the vestibular system allows the possibility of experimental and therapeutic application of gene therapy technology to address vestibular function and dysfunction.

title: Expression of adeno-associated virus integrated transgene within the XXXX vestibular organs.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: Previously numerous investigators reported about impairment of cerebrovascular reserve capacity in @entity1 . However, no similar data are available about @entity0 suffering from @entity3 . The goal of the study was to assess cerebrovascular reserve in Type II @entity1 @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: 14 @entity3 @entity0 and 20 healthy controls were studied. Middle cerebral artery mean blood flow velocity was measured at rest and during 20 minutes after i.v. administration of 1 g. @entity4 . Velocities measured after @entity4 were compared to resting values and were expressed as the percent increase of the mean velocity. Data obtained in diabetics and healthy @entity0 were compared using Student's t-test. The correlation between age of the @entity0 , @entity1 duration, actual blood @entity2 -, insulin-, glycosylated hemoglobin-, urine microalbumin concentrations and resting blood flow velocity and cerebrovascular reserve capacity was assessed using linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Resting cerebral blood flow velocities, cerebrovascular reactivity and reserve capacity did not differ from that of healthy controls. No correlation has been found between obtained laboratory parameters and resting cerebral blood flow velocities and cerebrovascular reserve capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Vasodilatory ability of the cerebral arterioles in @entity3 - @entity0 did not differ from that of healthy control @entity0 . Further studies are needed to find out an accurate screening method for detection of cerebral microangiopathic changes in @entity1 .

title: [Cerebrovascular reactivity in XXXX (preliminary results)].

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The medical benefits of @entity1 surgery are well documented, but the psychosocial consequences of surgery have received less attention. This is especially true of the roles of expectations and satisfaction in postsurgery functioning. The present study was designed to examine the relationships between expectation, satisfaction with surgery, and psychosocial functioning in @entity0 and their significant others before and after @entity1 surgery. METHODS: The neuropsychology findings of 79 @entity0 undergoing @entity1 surgery were examined from assessments made before, 2 months after, and 1 year after anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) was performed. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the @entity2 Inventory (WPSI) were used to assess psychosocial functioning. A subset of 32 @entity0 and their significant others were followed prospectively with an additional semistructured interview to assess expectations for and satisfaction with surgery outcome. RESULTS: Before surgery, @entity0 showed considerable problems with psychosocial adjustment. After surgery, @entity0 in the @entity2 -free group showed improvements on the psychosocial measures at both follow-ups, whereas @entity0 with continued @entity2 showed improvement at the 2-month follow-up and then a decline to baseline or worse at the time of the 1-year follow-up. Subjects who were studied prospectively had high presurgery expectations for @entity2 elimination. After surgery, subjects whose expectations were met reported high satisfaction whereas subjects whose expectations were not met reported low satisfaction. Satisfaction with surgery was associated with better psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Such data help elucidate the ways in which successful @entity1 surgery results in improved psychosocial functioning. The results identify ways to increase the likelihood that both @entity0 who are @entity2 -free and those with reduced @entity2 frequency may benefit from surgery.

title: Presurgery expectations, postsurgery satisfaction, and psychosocial adjustment after XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the health-related content validity of nine @entity3 tests by studying how low, mid, and high levels of @entity3 are associated with perceived health and musculoskeletal functioning. DESIGN: Cross-sectional methodological study. SETTING: A research institute for health promotion. @entity0 : Middle-aged (37 to 57 years) @entity0 (n = 245) and @entity0 (n = 253), evenly selected from five age cohorts of a random population sample. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The odds ratios (ORs) of selected health outcomes for low (least fit 20%), mid (next 40%), and high (most fit 40%) @entity3 categories in the different tests adjusted for several possible confounders. RESULTS: @entity3 , as measured by 2-km walk test, was strongly and consistently associated with perceived health and mobility (stair climbing) in both genders (range of ORs, 2.4 to 17.6), and a somewhat weaker relationship was found with leg power and with leg strength (ORs, 2.5 to 7.2). @entity5 and upper-body strength were associated with @entity4 (ORs, 2.8 to 8.5) and with back dysfunction and @entity2 (ORs, 2.9 to 6.1). High @entity3 in back endurance in @entity0 and in balance in @entity0 were related to positive back health (ORs, 2.5 to 3.7). Body mass index was associated with @entity1 in @entity0 (ORs, 2.4 to 5.3). Balance, leg strength, and leg flexibility in @entity0 ; and leg power, trunk and leg flexibility in @entity0 were not associated with health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Among a middle-aged population, the majority of the evaluated @entity3 tests demonstrated health-related validity by strong associations with perceived health and musculoskeletal functioning, and by weaker associations with back symptoms.

title: Health-related XXXX test battery for adults: associations with perceived health, mobility, and back function and symptoms.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Siblings of index @entity0 with @entity2 are known to have an increased incidence of reflux. Previously reported studies have evaluated @entity2 in asymptomatic siblings of @entity0 who were previously proved to have reflux. We determine the incidence and nature of @entity2 in symptomatic siblings of @entity0 with documented @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1990 and December 1996, 624 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity2 during the investigation of documented urinary tract infections. All @entity0 were evaluated for reflux by contrast voiding cystourethrography and reflux was graded according to the international reflux study. 99mTechnetium @entity3 nuclear renal scans were performed to detect renal scarring. The medical records and voiding cystourethrograms of the 624 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 were retrospectively reviewed to identify siblings with @entity2 . RESULTS: Vesicoureteral reflux was noted in 85 siblings (134 refluxing ureters) of the 624 index @entity0 (13.6%), including 1 and 2 siblings of 38 and 3 @entity0 , respectively. Mean age at presentation of the 37 @entity0 and 48 @entity0 was 2.5 years. Reflux was unilateral in 36 siblings and bilateral in 49. Reflux was grades I to V in 8, 9, 51, 55 and 11 ureters, respectively. Nuclear scan revealed @entity1 in 22 of the 77 tested siblings (28.5%). CONCLUSIONS: When @entity2 is discovered in symptomatic siblings, it is usually high grade and associated with a higher incidence of @entity1 . Of further interest are the findings that refluxing symptomatic siblings of index @entity0 are usually younger and @entity0 are as commonly affected as @entity0 . Screening for @entity2 in asymptomatic siblings is recommended to decrease the incidence of @entity1 .

title: Urinary tract infection and XXXX in sibling @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Siblings of index @entity0 with @entity2 are known to have an increased incidence of reflux. Previously reported studies have evaluated @entity2 in asymptomatic siblings of @entity0 who were previously proved to have reflux. We determine the incidence and nature of @entity2 in symptomatic siblings of @entity0 with documented @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1990 and December 1996, 624 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity2 during the investigation of documented urinary tract infections. All @entity0 were evaluated for reflux by contrast voiding cystourethrography and reflux was graded according to the international reflux study. 99mTechnetium @entity3 nuclear renal scans were performed to detect renal scarring. The medical records and voiding cystourethrograms of the 624 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 were retrospectively reviewed to identify siblings with @entity2 . RESULTS: Vesicoureteral reflux was noted in 85 siblings (134 refluxing ureters) of the 624 index @entity0 (13.6%), including 1 and 2 siblings of 38 and 3 @entity0 , respectively. Mean age at presentation of the 37 @entity0 and 48 @entity0 was 2.5 years. Reflux was unilateral in 36 siblings and bilateral in 49. Reflux was grades I to V in 8, 9, 51, 55 and 11 ureters, respectively. Nuclear scan revealed @entity1 in 22 of the 77 tested siblings (28.5%). CONCLUSIONS: When @entity2 is discovered in symptomatic siblings, it is usually high grade and associated with a higher incidence of @entity1 . Of further interest are the findings that refluxing symptomatic siblings of index @entity0 are usually younger and @entity0 are as commonly affected as @entity0 . Screening for @entity2 in asymptomatic siblings is recommended to decrease the incidence of @entity1 .

title: Urinary tract infection and @entity1 in sibling XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Throughout a 9-month period during which 1,125 Holter tapes were reviewed prospectively we identified 13 nonmedicated @entity0 with an @entity3 , which for the purposes of this presentation was categorized, because of their mode of initiation, as @entity6 (WP). The episodes emerged abruptly from a normal (< or = 200 ms) PR interval with sudden prolongation of PR and PP intervals (and reversed PR-RP relationship) that took place over 1-8 cycles. The postpaced PR interval was shorter than that of the last conducted beat. The episodes were separated into two groups. Group I included 11 @entity0 with symptoms other than @entity4 and Group II included 2 @entity0 with @entity4 . There were 26 episodes of sudden WP in Group I. Twenty-five terminated in a single (and one in double) blocked P waves. Most episodes occurred between 10 PM and 7 AM. Symptoms did not correlate with the episodes. Mean 24-hour rates were < 90. In Group II there were 22 episodes, all occurring between 6 AM and 10 PM. The mean sinus cycle lengths before the phenomenon started to occur in Group I (861 +/- 185 ms) as well as the cycle lengths at the onset of block (1,096 +/- 215 ms) were statistically longer than those in Group II (591 +/- 40 ms and 747 +/- 63 ms, respectively, P < 0.0001). Although the mode of onset in the episodes in Group II was similar to Group I, 16 episodes terminated in 2-6 blocked P waves. Thus, the entire number of episodes could be categorized as an unusual type (because of the PR prolongation) of paroxysmal, or advanced second degree @entity1 . Because these @entity0 had negative electrophysiological studies, positive tilt tests, and @entity4 after oral @entity5 therapy, they were considered as having @entity2 . In addition, the faster than normal (> 100) mean 24-hour rates) suggested that they also had so-called @entity7 . In summary, Group I consisted of @entity0 with a normal, benign, vagal-induced second-degree @entity1 , whereas the Holter findings in Group II appeared to reflect unusual (but natural, i.e., nonprovoked) electrocardiographic manifestations of certain @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Sudden Wenckebach periods and their relationship to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Prior efforts to identify a blood biomarker of @entity7 have relied almost exclusively on proteins; however their low levels at early time points and poor correlation with @entity5 have been limiting. Lipids, on the other hand, are the most abundant molecules in the brain and readily cross the blood-brain barrier. We previously showed that certain sphingolipid (SL) species are highly specific to the brain. Here we examined the feasibility of using @entity8 as biomarkers for @entity6 . A @entity2 model of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and a @entity1 model of @entity4 were used to identify candidate SL species though our mass-spectrometry based lipid profiling approach. Plasma samples collected after @entity6 in the @entity2 showed large increases in many circulating @entity8 following injury, and larger lesions produced proportionately larger increases. Plasma samples collected 24 hours after @entity4 in @entity1 similarly revealed a large increase in many @entity8 . We constructed an SL score (sum of the two SL species showing the largest relative increases in the @entity1 @entity4 model) and then evaluated the diagnostic value of this score on a small sample of @entity0 (n = 14) who presented with @entity4 . @entity0 with @entity4 had significantly higher SL scores than @entity0 found to have non- @entity4 causes of their symptoms. The SL score correlated with the volume of @entity3 brain tissue. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using lipid biomarkers to diagnose @entity7 . Future studies will be needed to further characterize the diagnostic utility of this approach and to transition to an assay method applicable to clinical settings.

title: Targeted Lipid Profiling Discovers Plasma Biomarkers of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Developing host digestion-resistant starches to promote @entity0 health is of great research interest. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are widely used in processed foods and although the modification of the starch molecule allows specific reduction in digestibility, the metabolic effects of @entity2 have been less well described. This short-term study evaluated the impact of enzymatically modified starch (EMS) on fasting and postprandial profiles of blood @entity1 , @entity7 and lipids, and serum metabolome in growing @entity4 . Eight jugular-vein catheterized @entity4 (initial body weight, 37.4 kg; 4 months of age) were fed 2 diets containing 72% purified starch (EMS or waxy @entity6 starch (control)) in a cross-over design for 7 days. On day 8, an 8-hour meal tolerance test (MTT) was performed with serial blood samplings. Besides biochemical analysis, serum was analysed for 201 metabolites through targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approaches. @entity4 fed the EMS diet showed increased (P<0.05) immediate serum @entity7 and plasma @entity1 response compared to @entity4 fed the control diet; however, area-under-the-curves for @entity7 and @entity1 were not different among diets. Results from MTT indicated reduced postprandial serum @entity3 with EMS versus control diet (P<0.05). Likewise, serum metabolome profiling identified characteristic changes in glycerophospholipid, lysophospholipids, @entity8 and @entity5 metabolome profiles with EMS diet compared to control diet. Results showed rapid adaptations of blood metabolites to dietary starch shifts within 7 days. In conclusion, EMS ingestion showed potential to attenuate postprandial raise in serum lipids and suggested constant alteration in the synthesis or breakdown of sphingolipids and phospholipids which might be a health benefit of EMS consumption. Because serum @entity7 was not lowered, more research is warranted to reveal possible underlying mechanisms behind the observed changes in the profile of serum lipid metabolome in response to EMS consumption.

title: Enzymatically Modified Starch Ameliorates Postprandial Serum XXXX and Lipid Metabolome in Growing @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Developing host digestion-resistant starches to promote @entity0 health is of great research interest. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are widely used in processed foods and although the modification of the starch molecule allows specific reduction in digestibility, the metabolic effects of @entity2 have been less well described. This short-term study evaluated the impact of enzymatically modified starch (EMS) on fasting and postprandial profiles of blood @entity1 , @entity7 and lipids, and serum metabolome in growing @entity4 . Eight jugular-vein catheterized @entity4 (initial body weight, 37.4 kg; 4 months of age) were fed 2 diets containing 72% purified starch (EMS or waxy @entity6 starch (control)) in a cross-over design for 7 days. On day 8, an 8-hour meal tolerance test (MTT) was performed with serial blood samplings. Besides biochemical analysis, serum was analysed for 201 metabolites through targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approaches. @entity4 fed the EMS diet showed increased (P<0.05) immediate serum @entity7 and plasma @entity1 response compared to @entity4 fed the control diet; however, area-under-the-curves for @entity7 and @entity1 were not different among diets. Results from MTT indicated reduced postprandial serum @entity3 with EMS versus control diet (P<0.05). Likewise, serum metabolome profiling identified characteristic changes in glycerophospholipid, lysophospholipids, @entity8 and @entity5 metabolome profiles with EMS diet compared to control diet. Results showed rapid adaptations of blood metabolites to dietary starch shifts within 7 days. In conclusion, EMS ingestion showed potential to attenuate postprandial raise in serum lipids and suggested constant alteration in the synthesis or breakdown of sphingolipids and phospholipids which might be a health benefit of EMS consumption. Because serum @entity7 was not lowered, more research is warranted to reveal possible underlying mechanisms behind the observed changes in the profile of serum lipid metabolome in response to EMS consumption.

title: Enzymatically Modified Starch Ameliorates Postprandial Serum @entity3 and Lipid Metabolome in Growing XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: In non- @entity3 @entity0 , recent studies have demonstrated that the process of @entity5 resembles developmental osteogenesis. @entity0 with @entity3 are known to have excessive @entity5 , but this has previously been attributed to the non-cell-mediated process of metastatic @entity6 . METHODS: To determine if the @entity6 observed in @entity0 with @entity3 is related to a cell-mediated process, we removed a piece of inferior epigastric artery at the time of renal transplant. @entity4 content of the entire vessel was quantified with spiral computed tomography (CT). The vessel was then examined histologically for @entity6 and the presence of bone matrix proteins by immunohistochemistry, and medial and intimal thickness quantified by histomorphometry. These findings were correlated with demographic, clinical and laboratory values. RESULTS: The proximal inferior epigastric artery was obtained from 41 @entity0 undergoing renal transplantation, but two were inadequate for histologic examination. Twenty-seven of the remaining vessels had no evidence of @entity6 by MacNeal's or Alizarin red pH 4.2 staining, five vessels had mild/moderate @entity6 , and seven had severe @entity6 , all in the medial layer. Calcification assessed histologically was closely correlated with @entity6 score as assessed by spiral CT, normalized for vessel weight (P=0.027). Positive immunostaining for the bone matrix proteins @entity7 , type I collagen, bone sialoprotein, and alkaline phosphatase was strongly correlated with @entity6 (all P < or = 0.001), as was a history of @entity2 (P < 0.001), and @entity1 (P=0.034). The @entity6 score by spiral CT correlated with these same factors and the serum @entity8 and @entity4 x @entity8 product (P=0.032 and 0.037). The location of immunostaining for the bone proteins was strongly associated with the presence of @entity6 . However, positive immunostaining also was observed in association with disorganization of the vascular smooth muscle cells in the medial layer due to deposition of a matrix-like substance, prior to overt @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity3 undergoing renal transplantation, @entity5 of the medial layer of the inferior epigastric artery is common (44%), can be detected by spiral CT, and is associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins. This implies an active cell-mediated process, raising hope that directed intervention can arrest this process.

title: Medial @entity5 in XXXX @entity0 is associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: In non- @entity3 @entity0 , recent studies have demonstrated that the process of @entity5 resembles developmental osteogenesis. @entity0 with @entity3 are known to have excessive @entity5 , but this has previously been attributed to the non-cell-mediated process of metastatic @entity6 . METHODS: To determine if the @entity6 observed in @entity0 with @entity3 is related to a cell-mediated process, we removed a piece of inferior epigastric artery at the time of renal transplant. @entity4 content of the entire vessel was quantified with spiral computed tomography (CT). The vessel was then examined histologically for @entity6 and the presence of bone matrix proteins by immunohistochemistry, and medial and intimal thickness quantified by histomorphometry. These findings were correlated with demographic, clinical and laboratory values. RESULTS: The proximal inferior epigastric artery was obtained from 41 @entity0 undergoing renal transplantation, but two were inadequate for histologic examination. Twenty-seven of the remaining vessels had no evidence of @entity6 by MacNeal's or Alizarin red pH 4.2 staining, five vessels had mild/moderate @entity6 , and seven had severe @entity6 , all in the medial layer. Calcification assessed histologically was closely correlated with @entity6 score as assessed by spiral CT, normalized for vessel weight (P=0.027). Positive immunostaining for the bone matrix proteins @entity7 , type I collagen, bone sialoprotein, and alkaline phosphatase was strongly correlated with @entity6 (all P < or = 0.001), as was a history of @entity2 (P < 0.001), and @entity1 (P=0.034). The @entity6 score by spiral CT correlated with these same factors and the serum @entity8 and @entity4 x @entity8 product (P=0.032 and 0.037). The location of immunostaining for the bone proteins was strongly associated with the presence of @entity6 . However, positive immunostaining also was observed in association with disorganization of the vascular smooth muscle cells in the medial layer due to deposition of a matrix-like substance, prior to overt @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity3 undergoing renal transplantation, @entity5 of the medial layer of the inferior epigastric artery is common (44%), can be detected by spiral CT, and is associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins. This implies an active cell-mediated process, raising hope that directed intervention can arrest this process.

title: Medial XXXX in @entity3 @entity0 is associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: In non- @entity3 @entity0 , recent studies have demonstrated that the process of @entity5 resembles developmental osteogenesis. @entity0 with @entity3 are known to have excessive @entity5 , but this has previously been attributed to the non-cell-mediated process of metastatic @entity6 . METHODS: To determine if the @entity6 observed in @entity0 with @entity3 is related to a cell-mediated process, we removed a piece of inferior epigastric artery at the time of renal transplant. @entity4 content of the entire vessel was quantified with spiral computed tomography (CT). The vessel was then examined histologically for @entity6 and the presence of bone matrix proteins by immunohistochemistry, and medial and intimal thickness quantified by histomorphometry. These findings were correlated with demographic, clinical and laboratory values. RESULTS: The proximal inferior epigastric artery was obtained from 41 @entity0 undergoing renal transplantation, but two were inadequate for histologic examination. Twenty-seven of the remaining vessels had no evidence of @entity6 by MacNeal's or Alizarin red pH 4.2 staining, five vessels had mild/moderate @entity6 , and seven had severe @entity6 , all in the medial layer. Calcification assessed histologically was closely correlated with @entity6 score as assessed by spiral CT, normalized for vessel weight (P=0.027). Positive immunostaining for the bone matrix proteins @entity7 , type I collagen, bone sialoprotein, and alkaline phosphatase was strongly correlated with @entity6 (all P < or = 0.001), as was a history of @entity2 (P < 0.001), and @entity1 (P=0.034). The @entity6 score by spiral CT correlated with these same factors and the serum @entity8 and @entity4 x @entity8 product (P=0.032 and 0.037). The location of immunostaining for the bone proteins was strongly associated with the presence of @entity6 . However, positive immunostaining also was observed in association with disorganization of the vascular smooth muscle cells in the medial layer due to deposition of a matrix-like substance, prior to overt @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity3 undergoing renal transplantation, @entity5 of the medial layer of the inferior epigastric artery is common (44%), can be detected by spiral CT, and is associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins. This implies an active cell-mediated process, raising hope that directed intervention can arrest this process.

title: Medial @entity5 in @entity3 XXXX is associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins.

answer: @entity0


abstract: (Full text is available at http://www.manu.edu.mk/prilozi). INTRODUCTION: @entity0 accouns for 22.9% of all @entity2 in @entity1 and 13.7% of @entity2 deaths. Positive axillary lymphnodes (ALN) predict the development of distant metastases. The status of the sentinel lymphnode (SLN) is crutial for the treatment selection. AIM: To determine the benefits of SLN detection in @entity1 with @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: 38 female @entity1 (pts), age 44    12 years, with T1-2 N0 M0 @entity0 , without enlarged ALN on ultrasound (US), were included. SLN detection was performed using gamma camera and gamma detection probe after periareolar subcutaneous and/or peritumoral injection of ( @entity3 -SENTISCINT). Blue dye was administered 20 min before the operation. SLN was extirpated and ex tempore histopathology was performed. RESULTS: Ex tempore SLN evaluation was negative and the lymphatic pathways preserved in 28/38 (74%) pts. In 10/38 (26%) pts SLN was positive, followed by radical surgery. In 3/28 ex tempore negative @entity1 , histopathological analysis showed metastatic involvement (false negative). In 3/10 ex tempore positive @entity1 micro metastases 0,2-2 mm were detected. 12 pts had 2 SLN, 8/12 (66%) had negative and 4/12 (34%) had positive SLN. 3 pts had a rare double drainage to axilla and a. mammaria int. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that SLN detection technique is non-invasive, safe and reliable and should be incorporated into the guidelines for @entity0 pts (T1-2 N0 M0). The most reliable option for colloid application is the combined technique of periareolar and peritumoral injection. @entity1 with drainage to a. mammaria interna should be selected for adjuvant protocols. Key words: @entity0 , @entity4 .

title: XXXX in @entity0 - first experience.

answer: @entity4


abstract: (Full text is available at http://www.manu.edu.mk/prilozi). INTRODUCTION: @entity0 accouns for 22.9% of all @entity2 in @entity1 and 13.7% of @entity2 deaths. Positive axillary lymphnodes (ALN) predict the development of distant metastases. The status of the sentinel lymphnode (SLN) is crutial for the treatment selection. AIM: To determine the benefits of SLN detection in @entity1 with @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: 38 female @entity1 (pts), age 44    12 years, with T1-2 N0 M0 @entity0 , without enlarged ALN on ultrasound (US), were included. SLN detection was performed using gamma camera and gamma detection probe after periareolar subcutaneous and/or peritumoral injection of ( @entity3 -SENTISCINT). Blue dye was administered 20 min before the operation. SLN was extirpated and ex tempore histopathology was performed. RESULTS: Ex tempore SLN evaluation was negative and the lymphatic pathways preserved in 28/38 (74%) pts. In 10/38 (26%) pts SLN was positive, followed by radical surgery. In 3/28 ex tempore negative @entity1 , histopathological analysis showed metastatic involvement (false negative). In 3/10 ex tempore positive @entity1 micro metastases 0,2-2 mm were detected. 12 pts had 2 SLN, 8/12 (66%) had negative and 4/12 (34%) had positive SLN. 3 pts had a rare double drainage to axilla and a. mammaria int. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that SLN detection technique is non-invasive, safe and reliable and should be incorporated into the guidelines for @entity0 pts (T1-2 N0 M0). The most reliable option for colloid application is the combined technique of periareolar and peritumoral injection. @entity1 with drainage to a. mammaria interna should be selected for adjuvant protocols. Key words: @entity0 , @entity4 .

title: @entity4 in XXXX - first experience.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Myocardial G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 ( @entity3 ) has been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, the cellular distribution of this isoform, as well as the other isoforms of the GRK-arrestin system, has not been studied in myocardial tissue. Thus myocardial expression and cellular distribution of the different GRK and arrestin isoforms were investigated in a @entity0 model of @entity2 . @entity0 subjected to ligation of the left coronary artery or sham operation were euthanized 2, 7, or 42 days after the surgical procedure. Myocardial @entity3 , @entity5 , beta-arrestin-1, and beta-arrestin-2 mRNA levels, but not that of @entity4 , were induced in the failing hearts. Consistently, Western blot analysis of tissue extracts from the nonischemic region of the left ventricle revealed 3.0-, 2.6-, and 1.5-fold elevations of @entity3 , @entity5 , and beta-arrestin-1, respectively, 7 days after induction of @entity1 compared with the sham-operated @entity0 (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis of myocardial tissue sections and Western blot analysis of isolated cells revealed localization of @entity3 and beta-arrestin-1 predominantly in endothelial cells. Conversely, @entity4 was confined to cardiac myocytes. @entity5 immunostaining appeared to be homogeneously distributed in the cellular elements of the myocardium. In conclusion, myocardial mRNA and protein levels of @entity3 , @entity5 , and beta-arrestin-1 are induced in postinfarction failure in @entity0 . The immunohistochemical analysis suggests that @entity3 and beta-arrestin-1 may act as primary regulators of endothelial function. Conversely, the cellular distribution of @entity4 and @entity5 implicates these isoforms as putative regulators of cardiac myocyte function.

title: Myocardial distribution and regulation of GRK and beta-arrestin isoforms in XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Myocardial G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 ( @entity3 ) has been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, the cellular distribution of this isoform, as well as the other isoforms of the GRK-arrestin system, has not been studied in myocardial tissue. Thus myocardial expression and cellular distribution of the different GRK and arrestin isoforms were investigated in a @entity0 model of @entity2 . @entity0 subjected to ligation of the left coronary artery or sham operation were euthanized 2, 7, or 42 days after the surgical procedure. Myocardial @entity3 , @entity5 , beta-arrestin-1, and beta-arrestin-2 mRNA levels, but not that of @entity4 , were induced in the failing hearts. Consistently, Western blot analysis of tissue extracts from the nonischemic region of the left ventricle revealed 3.0-, 2.6-, and 1.5-fold elevations of @entity3 , @entity5 , and beta-arrestin-1, respectively, 7 days after induction of @entity1 compared with the sham-operated @entity0 (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis of myocardial tissue sections and Western blot analysis of isolated cells revealed localization of @entity3 and beta-arrestin-1 predominantly in endothelial cells. Conversely, @entity4 was confined to cardiac myocytes. @entity5 immunostaining appeared to be homogeneously distributed in the cellular elements of the myocardium. In conclusion, myocardial mRNA and protein levels of @entity3 , @entity5 , and beta-arrestin-1 are induced in postinfarction failure in @entity0 . The immunohistochemical analysis suggests that @entity3 and beta-arrestin-1 may act as primary regulators of endothelial function. Conversely, the cellular distribution of @entity4 and @entity5 implicates these isoforms as putative regulators of cardiac myocyte function.

title: Myocardial distribution and regulation of GRK and beta-arrestin isoforms in @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Anti-NMDAR- @entity1 is a recently described form of @entity4 . Here, we characterize CSF changes in Chinese patients with anti-NMDAR @entity1 , and explore the relationship between CSF findings and disease outcome. METHODS: The presence of NMDAR antibodies in serum or CSF samples was evaluated in @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 between October 1, 2010 and August 1, 2014 at the West China Hospital. All @entity0 fulfilling our diagnostic criteria were included and CSF findings were analyzed. @entity0 outcome was assessed after 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 months using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). RESULTS: Out of 3000 @entity0 with @entity1 screened, 43 patients were anti-NMDAR antibody positive in CSF or serum and included in this study. 62.8% of the @entity0 identified with positive CSFs had positive serum anti-NMDAR samples, while 100% @entity0 with positive serum had positive CSF samples. In the CSF white cell counts were elevated in 58.1% of cases; protein was increased in 18.6%; QAlb>Qlim(Alb) of the blood-CSF barrier was found in 29.3%; intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis was detected in 17.1%, and 39.5% @entity0 exhibited increased CSF pressures. A longer follow-up period was associated with better outcomes. There was no relationship between changes in CSF findings and outcome. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of @entity3 receptor antibody testing is higher in CSF compared to serum. Other @entity2 are present in some patients with Anti-NMDAR- @entity1 , however these changes do not appear to affect prognosis.

title: CSF findings in patients with anti- XXXX receptor- @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Anti-NMDAR- @entity1 is a recently described form of @entity4 . Here, we characterize CSF changes in Chinese patients with anti-NMDAR @entity1 , and explore the relationship between CSF findings and disease outcome. METHODS: The presence of NMDAR antibodies in serum or CSF samples was evaluated in @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 between October 1, 2010 and August 1, 2014 at the West China Hospital. All @entity0 fulfilling our diagnostic criteria were included and CSF findings were analyzed. @entity0 outcome was assessed after 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 months using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). RESULTS: Out of 3000 @entity0 with @entity1 screened, 43 patients were anti-NMDAR antibody positive in CSF or serum and included in this study. 62.8% of the @entity0 identified with positive CSFs had positive serum anti-NMDAR samples, while 100% @entity0 with positive serum had positive CSF samples. In the CSF white cell counts were elevated in 58.1% of cases; protein was increased in 18.6%; QAlb>Qlim(Alb) of the blood-CSF barrier was found in 29.3%; intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis was detected in 17.1%, and 39.5% @entity0 exhibited increased CSF pressures. A longer follow-up period was associated with better outcomes. There was no relationship between changes in CSF findings and outcome. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of @entity3 receptor antibody testing is higher in CSF compared to serum. Other @entity2 are present in some patients with Anti-NMDAR- @entity1 , however these changes do not appear to affect prognosis.

title: CSF findings in patients with anti- @entity3 receptor- XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clonal T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements and loss of T cell antigens such as @entity5 and @entity9 in intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) may indicate the development of an @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity0 with refractory @entity8 . AIMS: To define the diagnostic value of these markers in duodenal biopsies from @entity0 with @entity3 as a result of various underlying disorders. @entity0 AND METHODS: Duodenal biopsies from eight @entity0 with @entity2 and five @entity0 with @entity3 caused by defined disorders were compared with three @entity0 with refractory @entity8 evolving into overt @entity6 , two @entity0 with @entity7 , and with eight @entity0 with overt @entity6 , for expression of CD3, @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity9 in IELs using immunohistochemistry and for clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements using polymerase chain reaction. In addition, biopsies from six consecutive @entity0 with refractory @entity8 of uncertain cause were examined. RESULTS: Clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements were found in all resected @entity1 of @entity0 with @entity6 , in 3/8 duodenal biopsies of @entity0 with @entity6 , in 2/2 @entity0 with @entity7 , in 2/3 @entity0 with refractory @entity8 evolving into overt @entity6 , and in 1/6 @entity0 with refractory @entity8 . No rearrangements were found in biopsies from @entity0 with refractory @entity8 caused by defined disorders or those with @entity2 . Clonality in duodenal biopsies was associated with an abnormal phenotype of IELs in all cases and in all but one case in @entity0 with evidence of underlying @entity2 . Specificity for detection of an @entity6 using immunohistology was 77% for @entity5 and for @entity9 staining, and 100% for detection of a clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangement. Sensitivity was 62% for staining with @entity5 and clonality investigation, while sensitivity reached 100% for @entity9 staining in all investigated @entity0 with @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Clonal proliferations of phenotypically abnormal IELs in refractory @entity8 represent an early manifestation of @entity6 , for which the term " @entity8 -like @entity6 " is proposed. This constellation is also found in duodenal biopsies from @entity0 with an overt @entity6 and is not related to other @entity8 , resulting in a high specificity for detection of an @entity6 or refractory @entity8 evolving into @entity6 . Overt @entity6 may develop directly from @entity2 without a precursor lesion (refractory @entity8 with clonal IELs) being demonstrable in duodenal biopsies or via a " @entity8 -like @entity6 ". This latter entity is a complication of @entity2 .

title: Frequency of clonal intraepithelial T lymphocyte proliferations in @entity6 , @entity2 , and refractory XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clonal T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements and loss of T cell antigens such as @entity5 and @entity9 in intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) may indicate the development of an @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity0 with refractory @entity8 . AIMS: To define the diagnostic value of these markers in duodenal biopsies from @entity0 with @entity3 as a result of various underlying disorders. @entity0 AND METHODS: Duodenal biopsies from eight @entity0 with @entity2 and five @entity0 with @entity3 caused by defined disorders were compared with three @entity0 with refractory @entity8 evolving into overt @entity6 , two @entity0 with @entity7 , and with eight @entity0 with overt @entity6 , for expression of CD3, @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity9 in IELs using immunohistochemistry and for clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements using polymerase chain reaction. In addition, biopsies from six consecutive @entity0 with refractory @entity8 of uncertain cause were examined. RESULTS: Clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements were found in all resected @entity1 of @entity0 with @entity6 , in 3/8 duodenal biopsies of @entity0 with @entity6 , in 2/2 @entity0 with @entity7 , in 2/3 @entity0 with refractory @entity8 evolving into overt @entity6 , and in 1/6 @entity0 with refractory @entity8 . No rearrangements were found in biopsies from @entity0 with refractory @entity8 caused by defined disorders or those with @entity2 . Clonality in duodenal biopsies was associated with an abnormal phenotype of IELs in all cases and in all but one case in @entity0 with evidence of underlying @entity2 . Specificity for detection of an @entity6 using immunohistology was 77% for @entity5 and for @entity9 staining, and 100% for detection of a clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangement. Sensitivity was 62% for staining with @entity5 and clonality investigation, while sensitivity reached 100% for @entity9 staining in all investigated @entity0 with @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Clonal proliferations of phenotypically abnormal IELs in refractory @entity8 represent an early manifestation of @entity6 , for which the term " @entity8 -like @entity6 " is proposed. This constellation is also found in duodenal biopsies from @entity0 with an overt @entity6 and is not related to other @entity8 , resulting in a high specificity for detection of an @entity6 or refractory @entity8 evolving into @entity6 . Overt @entity6 may develop directly from @entity2 without a precursor lesion (refractory @entity8 with clonal IELs) being demonstrable in duodenal biopsies or via a " @entity8 -like @entity6 ". This latter entity is a complication of @entity2 .

title: Frequency of clonal intraepithelial T lymphocyte proliferations in XXXX , @entity2 , and refractory @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clonal T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements and loss of T cell antigens such as @entity5 and @entity9 in intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) may indicate the development of an @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity0 with refractory @entity8 . AIMS: To define the diagnostic value of these markers in duodenal biopsies from @entity0 with @entity3 as a result of various underlying disorders. @entity0 AND METHODS: Duodenal biopsies from eight @entity0 with @entity2 and five @entity0 with @entity3 caused by defined disorders were compared with three @entity0 with refractory @entity8 evolving into overt @entity6 , two @entity0 with @entity7 , and with eight @entity0 with overt @entity6 , for expression of CD3, @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity9 in IELs using immunohistochemistry and for clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements using polymerase chain reaction. In addition, biopsies from six consecutive @entity0 with refractory @entity8 of uncertain cause were examined. RESULTS: Clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements were found in all resected @entity1 of @entity0 with @entity6 , in 3/8 duodenal biopsies of @entity0 with @entity6 , in 2/2 @entity0 with @entity7 , in 2/3 @entity0 with refractory @entity8 evolving into overt @entity6 , and in 1/6 @entity0 with refractory @entity8 . No rearrangements were found in biopsies from @entity0 with refractory @entity8 caused by defined disorders or those with @entity2 . Clonality in duodenal biopsies was associated with an abnormal phenotype of IELs in all cases and in all but one case in @entity0 with evidence of underlying @entity2 . Specificity for detection of an @entity6 using immunohistology was 77% for @entity5 and for @entity9 staining, and 100% for detection of a clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangement. Sensitivity was 62% for staining with @entity5 and clonality investigation, while sensitivity reached 100% for @entity9 staining in all investigated @entity0 with @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Clonal proliferations of phenotypically abnormal IELs in refractory @entity8 represent an early manifestation of @entity6 , for which the term " @entity8 -like @entity6 " is proposed. This constellation is also found in duodenal biopsies from @entity0 with an overt @entity6 and is not related to other @entity8 , resulting in a high specificity for detection of an @entity6 or refractory @entity8 evolving into @entity6 . Overt @entity6 may develop directly from @entity2 without a precursor lesion (refractory @entity8 with clonal IELs) being demonstrable in duodenal biopsies or via a " @entity8 -like @entity6 ". This latter entity is a complication of @entity2 .

title: Frequency of clonal intraepithelial T lymphocyte proliferations in @entity6 , XXXX , and refractory @entity8 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The physiologic transformation of uterine spiral arteries in the @entity0 placental bed is essential for a healthy pregnancy. Failure of this transformation due to @entity1 is widely believed to underlie pregnancy complications such as @entity3 , @entity2 , miscarriage and @entity4 . Understanding of invasive behaviour and remodelling properties of trophoblasts in the uterine wall is essential in elucidating the aetiology of these pregnancy complications. However, there is a lack of satisfactory specimens of the placental bed to enhance our knowledge on the mechanisms that control trophoblast invasion. Several techniques can be used to obtain biopsies from the placental bed and sample handling can be executed differently depending on the research question. METHODS: This systematic review provides an overview of all studies investigating the placental bed and sampling techniques used. Papers that described surgical techniques, specimen handling, complications and/or success rate of the placental bed biopsy procedures were included. Placental bed biopsies are an essential and feasible technique to study abnormalities in the placental bed associated with pregnancy complications. RESULTS: Depending on the technique used the likelihood of sampling a spiral artery and trophoblast from the placental bed is 51%-78% per case, without significant complications. CONCLUSIONS: Caution is needed when interpreting data if the placental bed is subjected to labour. We propose a uniform sampling technique and conservation protocol for the study of the placental bed and provide tools for selection of the appropriate technique for future placental bed collections.

title: Biopsy techniques to study the XXXX placental bed.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity11 ( @entity11 ) is a rare, immune-mediated entity. We present an unusual case of a @entity0 who has double @entity1 and two different @entity2 . CASE REPORT: A 58-year-old gentleman has histories of @entity10 and @entity1 associated with @entity8 , which underwent surgery and chemotherapy 3 years ago. This time, he presented to our ward with rapidly progressive memory decline and @entity9 in his limbs for two weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain showed increased signal intensity over bilateral mesial temporal regions on T2 Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recover (FLAIR) series. Chest computed tomography showed @entity1 recurrence. He received @entity7 pulse therapy firstly and right lung lower lobe lobectomy later. Pathology report of the @entity1 was recurrent @entity6 . After the immunotherapy and @entity1 resection, his mentality improved gradually. Six months later, brain MRI showed resolution of bilateral temporal hyperintensity with residual mesial temporal atrophy. CONCLUSION: From our case, we would like to emphasize that paraneoplastic @entity11 should be considered among the differential diagnosis of rapidly progressive @entity5 associated with @entity9 , along with other @entity4 . Depending on its underlying @entity1 , the @entity3 may be substantially reversible, despite atrophy of mesial temporal lobes.

title: Paraneoplastic @entity11 Associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity10