abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Benefits and/or harms (including costs) of non- @entity7 oral anticoagulants (NOACs) versus @entity6 therapy need appreciation in relative and absolute terms. METHODS: Accordingly, we derived clinically relevant relative and absolute benefit/harm parameters for NOACs ( @entity10 , @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity11 ) compared to @entity6 from four clinical trials involving @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity0 . For each trial, we tabulated @entity0 numbers enduring four important outcomes and calculated unadjusted relative risk reduction (RRR) and number needed to treat (NNT)/year values (and 95% confidence intervals) for the NAOC compared to @entity6 . These outcomes were @entity1 (primary-endpoint), @entity3 , major @entity3 , and @entity2 . We also addressed drug acquisition costs. RESULTS: Each NOAC was non-inferior to @entity6 for primary-outcome prevention; RRRs were 12-33% and NNT/year values were 182-481, and all but one indicated statistically significant superiority. All the NOACs yielded statistically significant reductions in @entity3 risk; RRRs were 42-74% and NNT/year values were 364-528. Major @entity3 risk was comparable in both groups. @entity10 yielded a lower NNT/year for preventing @entity2 than for primary-outcome prevention. Compared to @entity6 , NOAC acquisition costs were 70-140 fold greater. CONCLUSIONS: For the primary-outcome, the absolute benefits of NOACs were modest (NNT/year values being large). Reduced @entity3 rates with NOACs could be due to superior @entity5 prevention and fewer consequential haemorrhagic transformations. Among @entity10 recipients, the absolute mortality benefit exceeded that for the primary-outcome, indicating prevention of additional unrelated deaths. The substantially greater NOAC acquisition costs need viewing against probable greater safety and the avoidance of monitoring @entity3 risks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Non @entity7 Oral Anticoagulants versus @entity6 for XXXX with @entity4 : Absolute Benefit and Harm Assessments yield Novel Insights.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The 'epidemic' of @entity3 seems to be changing, but precise prevalence estimates of @entity3 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in older adults, based on adequate echocardiographic assessment, are scarce. Systematic reviews including recent studies on the prevalence of @entity3 and @entity4 are lacking. We aimed to assess the trends in the prevalence of @entity4 , and @entity3 with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in the older population at large. A systematic electronic search of the databases Medline and Embase was performed. Studies that reported prevalence estimates in community-dwelling @entity0 >= 60   years old were included if echocardiography was used to establish the diagnosis. In total, 28 articles from 25 different study populations were included. The median prevalence of systolic and 'isolated' diastolic @entity4 was 5.5% (range 3.3-9.2%) and 36.0% (range 15.8-52.8%), respectively. A peak in @entity2 prevalence seems to have occurred between 1995 and 2000. 'All type' @entity3 had a median prevalence rate of 11.8% (range 4.7-13.3%), with fairly stable rates in the last decade and with HFpEF being more common than HFrEF [median prevalence 4.9% (range 3.8-7.4%) and 3.3% (range 2.4-5.8%), respectively]. Both @entity4 and @entity3 remain common in the older population at large. The prevalence of @entity1 is on the rise and currently higher than that of @entity2 . The prevalence of the latter seems to have decreased in the 21st century.

title: Epidemiology of @entity3 : the prevalence of @entity3 and XXXX in older adults over time. A systematic review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The 'epidemic' of @entity3 seems to be changing, but precise prevalence estimates of @entity3 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in older adults, based on adequate echocardiographic assessment, are scarce. Systematic reviews including recent studies on the prevalence of @entity3 and @entity4 are lacking. We aimed to assess the trends in the prevalence of @entity4 , and @entity3 with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in the older population at large. A systematic electronic search of the databases Medline and Embase was performed. Studies that reported prevalence estimates in community-dwelling @entity0 >= 60   years old were included if echocardiography was used to establish the diagnosis. In total, 28 articles from 25 different study populations were included. The median prevalence of systolic and 'isolated' diastolic @entity4 was 5.5% (range 3.3-9.2%) and 36.0% (range 15.8-52.8%), respectively. A peak in @entity2 prevalence seems to have occurred between 1995 and 2000. 'All type' @entity3 had a median prevalence rate of 11.8% (range 4.7-13.3%), with fairly stable rates in the last decade and with HFpEF being more common than HFrEF [median prevalence 4.9% (range 3.8-7.4%) and 3.3% (range 2.4-5.8%), respectively]. Both @entity4 and @entity3 remain common in the older population at large. The prevalence of @entity1 is on the rise and currently higher than that of @entity2 . The prevalence of the latter seems to have decreased in the 21st century.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX : the prevalence of @entity3 and @entity1 in older adults over time. A systematic review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The 'epidemic' of @entity3 seems to be changing, but precise prevalence estimates of @entity3 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in older adults, based on adequate echocardiographic assessment, are scarce. Systematic reviews including recent studies on the prevalence of @entity3 and @entity4 are lacking. We aimed to assess the trends in the prevalence of @entity4 , and @entity3 with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in the older population at large. A systematic electronic search of the databases Medline and Embase was performed. Studies that reported prevalence estimates in community-dwelling @entity0 >= 60   years old were included if echocardiography was used to establish the diagnosis. In total, 28 articles from 25 different study populations were included. The median prevalence of systolic and 'isolated' diastolic @entity4 was 5.5% (range 3.3-9.2%) and 36.0% (range 15.8-52.8%), respectively. A peak in @entity2 prevalence seems to have occurred between 1995 and 2000. 'All type' @entity3 had a median prevalence rate of 11.8% (range 4.7-13.3%), with fairly stable rates in the last decade and with HFpEF being more common than HFrEF [median prevalence 4.9% (range 3.8-7.4%) and 3.3% (range 2.4-5.8%), respectively]. Both @entity4 and @entity3 remain common in the older population at large. The prevalence of @entity1 is on the rise and currently higher than that of @entity2 . The prevalence of the latter seems to have decreased in the 21st century.

title: Epidemiology of @entity3 : the prevalence of XXXX and @entity1 in older adults over time. A systematic review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 reductases (RNRs) are responsible for all de novo biosynthesis of DNA precursors in nature by catalyzing the conversion of @entity5 to deoxyribonucleotides. Because of its essential role in cell division, @entity0 RNR is a target for a number of anticancer drugs in clinical use. Like other class Ia RNRs, @entity0 RNR requires both a radical-generation subunit (b) and @entity3 -binding subunit (a) for activity. Because of their complex dependence on allosteric effectors, however, the active and inactive quaternary forms of many class Ia RNRs have remained in question. Here, we present an X-ray crystal structure of the @entity0 a subunit in the presence of inhibiting levels of @entity4 , depicting a ring-shaped hexamer (a6) where the active sites line the inner hole. Surprisingly, our small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) results indicate that @entity0 a forms a similar hexamer in the presence of @entity1 , an activating effector. In both cases, a6 is assembled from dimers (a2) without a previously proposed tetramer intermediate (a4). However, we show with SAXS and electron microscopy that at millimolar @entity1 , the @entity1 -induced a6 can further interconvert with higher-order filaments. Differences in the @entity4 - and @entity1 -induced a6 were further examined by SAXS in the presence of the b subunit and by activity assays as a function of @entity1 or @entity4 . Together, these results suggest that @entity4 -induced a6 is more stable than the @entity1 -induced a6 and that stabilization of this ring-shaped configuration provides a mechanism to prevent access of the b subunit to the active site of a.

title: Allosteric Inhibition of @entity0 Ribonucleotide Reductase by XXXX Entails the Stabilization of a Hexamer.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 reductases (RNRs) are responsible for all de novo biosynthesis of DNA precursors in nature by catalyzing the conversion of @entity5 to deoxyribonucleotides. Because of its essential role in cell division, @entity0 RNR is a target for a number of anticancer drugs in clinical use. Like other class Ia RNRs, @entity0 RNR requires both a radical-generation subunit (b) and @entity3 -binding subunit (a) for activity. Because of their complex dependence on allosteric effectors, however, the active and inactive quaternary forms of many class Ia RNRs have remained in question. Here, we present an X-ray crystal structure of the @entity0 a subunit in the presence of inhibiting levels of @entity4 , depicting a ring-shaped hexamer (a6) where the active sites line the inner hole. Surprisingly, our small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) results indicate that @entity0 a forms a similar hexamer in the presence of @entity1 , an activating effector. In both cases, a6 is assembled from dimers (a2) without a previously proposed tetramer intermediate (a4). However, we show with SAXS and electron microscopy that at millimolar @entity1 , the @entity1 -induced a6 can further interconvert with higher-order filaments. Differences in the @entity4 - and @entity1 -induced a6 were further examined by SAXS in the presence of the b subunit and by activity assays as a function of @entity1 or @entity4 . Together, these results suggest that @entity4 -induced a6 is more stable than the @entity1 -induced a6 and that stabilization of this ring-shaped configuration provides a mechanism to prevent access of the b subunit to the active site of a.

title: Allosteric Inhibition of XXXX Ribonucleotide Reductase by @entity4 Entails the Stabilization of a Hexamer.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Successful management of @entity7 of the oropharynx must address two, sometimes conflicting, treatment goals. The first goal is disease eradication, and the second is preservation of oropharyngeal function. For @entity1 , definitive surgical excision often represents the most effective and least morbid approach. When surgery is likely to result in functional deficits of speech or swallowing, definitive radiation therapy can also be used successfully. Often the choice of treatment modality is based on institutional expertise and bias. However, for the more frequent @entity0 with @entity6 , treatment choices become more complex. Historically, surgery and radiation therapy have been used together, often with suboptimal control of locoregional disease and significant long-term functional deficits, reflecting surgical excision, radiation-induced long-term @entity3 , and any initial functional impairment resulting from the @entity1 . The addition of systemic chemotherapy to definitive radiation has now been demonstrated to produce a significant survival benefit for @entity0 with advanced squamous cell head and @entity2 originating in the oropharynx and elsewhere. Although there are still specific indications for primary surgical resection, the use of chemotherapy and radiation has become a standard of care for the management of @entity0 with this disease, with surgery often reserved for salvage of those who fail definitive nonoperative treatment. Debate continues as to the best tolerated and most successful combination of chemotherapy drugs, radiation fractionation schema, and coordination of treatment modalities; however, a reproducible survival benefit has been demonstrated only for the concomitant, @entity5 -based treatment schedules. The focus of future investigation must be on optimizing these multimodality approaches, minimizing @entity3 while maximizing treatment success. It is hoped that the addition of the newer therapeutic approaches, including @entity4 inhibition and gene therapy, may further improve the results of more traditional treatment combinations. Continued enrollment of @entity0 in well-designed and conducted clinical trials is of paramount importance.

title: XXXX : the role of chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The incidence of @entity4 after orthotopic liver transplant is low but difficult to differentiate from other posttransplant complications. We sought to summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of @entity4 during the early posttransplant stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 4 liver transplant recipients with @entity4 immediately after transplant and 4 @entity0 with misdiagnosed @entity5 , between January 2000 and December 2007, were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity4 immediately after orthotopic liver transplant was 0.49%. Four @entity0 had right lower quadrant @entity3 with fixed @entity6 , rebound @entity6 , and @entity1 on the eighth, ninth, 11th, and 13th days after surgery. White blood cells counts were elevated in all @entity0 . Appendectomies were performed on day 1 or 2 after the onset of symptoms. No appendicular perforations were found. All @entity0 recovered well. After an exploratory laparotomy, the 4 @entity0 originally misdiagnosed with @entity5 were correctly diagnosed with a duodenal diverticulum perforation (1 @entity0 ), a jejunum perforation (1 @entity0 ), and @entity7 (2 @entity0 ). Two of these @entity0 died despite aggressive treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity4 immediately after orthotopic liver transplant is low and should be differentiated from other surgical complications, such as @entity2 and @entity7 . Appendectomy is recommended in these @entity0 as early as possible.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX after orthotopic liver transplant in adults.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Codon-tRNA coevolution to maximize protein production has been, until recently, the dominant hypothesis to explain codon-usage bias in highly expressed bacterial genes. Two predictions of this hypothesis are 1) selection is weak; and 2) similar silent replacements at different codons should have similar fitness consequence. We used an allele-replacement strategy to change five specific 3rd-codon-position (silent) sites in the highly expressed @entity2 ribosomal protein gene rplQ from the wild type to a less-preferred alternative. We introduced the five mutations within a 10-codon region. Four of the silent sites were chosen to test the second prediction, with a CTG to CTA mutation being introduced at two closely linked @entity0 codons and an AAA to AAG mutation being introduced at two closely linked @entity1 codons. We also introduced a fifth silent mutation, a GTG to GTA mutation at a @entity3 codon in the same genic region. We measured the fitness effect of the individual mutations by competing each single-mutant strain against the parental wild-type strain, using a disrupted form of the araA gene as a selectively neutral phenotypic marker to distinguish between strains in direct competition experiments. Three of the silent mutations had a fitness effect of  s  > 0.02, which is contradictory to the prediction that selection will be weak. The two @entity0 mutations had significantly different fitness effects, as did the two @entity1 mutations, contradictory to the prediction that similar mutations at different codons should have similar fitness effects. We also constructed a strain carrying all five silent mutations in combination. Its fitness effect was greater than that predicted from the individual fitness values, suggesting that negative synergistic epistasis acts on the combination allele.

title: Mutations to Less-Preferred Synonymous Codons in a Highly Expressed Gene of XXXX : Fitness and Epistatic Interactions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Organotypic cultures (OCs) have been widely used to investigate the midbrain dopaminergic system, but only a few studies focused on the functional properties of dopaminergic neurons and their synaptic inputs from dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons also contained in such cultures. In addition, it is not clear whether the culturing process affects the intrinsic neuronal properties and the expression of specific receptors and transporters. We performed patch-clamp recordings from dopaminergic neurons in mesencephalic-striatal co-cultures obtained from @entity0 expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the @entity1 hydroxylase promoter. Some (10/44) GFP+ neurons displayed a bursting activity that renders the firing of these cells similar to that of the dopaminergic neurons in vivo. The culturing process reduced the hyperpolarization-activated current (I(h) ) and the expression of D    receptors. Downregulation of D    receptor mRNA and protein was confirmed with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Immunocytochemistry revealed that many synaptic terminals, most likely originating from dopaminergic neurons, co-expressed the @entity2 (DA) transporter and the vesicular @entity3 transporter-2, suggesting a co-release of DA and @entity3 . Interestingly, exogenous DA decreased @entity3 release in young cultures [days in vitro (DIV)<20] by acting on pre-synaptic D    receptors, while in older cultures (DIV>26) DA increased @entity3 release by acting on a-1 adrenoreceptors. The facilitatory effect of DA on glutamatergic transmission to midbrain dopaminergic neurons may be important in conditions when the expression of D    receptors is compromised, such as long-term treatment with antipsychotic drugs. Our data show that midbrain OCs at DIV>26 may provide a suitable model of such conditions.

title: Properties of dopaminergic neurons in organotypic mesencephalic-striatal co-cultures--evidence for a facilitatory effect of XXXX on the glutamatergic input mediated by a-1 adrenergic receptors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify survival predictors and to design a prognostic score useful for distinguishing risk groups in immunocompetent @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: The prognostic role of @entity0 -, lymphoma-, and treatment-related variables was analyzed in a multicenter series of 378 @entity2 @entity0 treated at 23 @entity1 centers from five different countries. RESULTS: Age more than 60 years, performance status (PS) more than 1, elevated @entity3 dehydrogenase (LDH) serum level, high @entity5 protein concentration, and involvement of deep regions of the brain (periventricular regions, basal ganglia, brainstem, and/or cerebellum) were significantly and independently associated with a worse survival. These five variables were used to design a prognostic score. Each variable was assigned a value of either 0, if favorable, or 1, if unfavorable. The values were then added together to arrive at a final score, which was tested in 105 assessable @entity0 for which complete data of all five variables were available. The 2-year overall survival (OS) +/- SD was 80% +/- 8%, 48% +/- 7%, and 15% +/- 7% (P =.00001) for @entity0 with zero to one, two to three, and four to five unfavorable features, respectively. The prognostic role of this score was confirmed by limiting analysis to assessable @entity0 treated with high-dose @entity4 -based chemotherapy (2-year OS +/- SD: 85% +/- 8%, 57% +/- 8%, and 24% +/- 11%; P =.0004). CONCLUSION: Age, PS, LDH serum level, @entity5 protein concentration, and involvement of deep structures of the brain were independent predictors of survival. A prognostic score including these five parameters seems advisable in distinguishing different risk groups in @entity2 @entity0 . The proposed score and its relevance in therapeutic decision deserve to be validated in further studies.

title: Prognostic scoring system for @entity2 : the International XXXX Study Group experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify survival predictors and to design a prognostic score useful for distinguishing risk groups in immunocompetent @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: The prognostic role of @entity0 -, lymphoma-, and treatment-related variables was analyzed in a multicenter series of 378 @entity2 @entity0 treated at 23 @entity1 centers from five different countries. RESULTS: Age more than 60 years, performance status (PS) more than 1, elevated @entity3 dehydrogenase (LDH) serum level, high @entity5 protein concentration, and involvement of deep regions of the brain (periventricular regions, basal ganglia, brainstem, and/or cerebellum) were significantly and independently associated with a worse survival. These five variables were used to design a prognostic score. Each variable was assigned a value of either 0, if favorable, or 1, if unfavorable. The values were then added together to arrive at a final score, which was tested in 105 assessable @entity0 for which complete data of all five variables were available. The 2-year overall survival (OS) +/- SD was 80% +/- 8%, 48% +/- 7%, and 15% +/- 7% (P =.00001) for @entity0 with zero to one, two to three, and four to five unfavorable features, respectively. The prognostic role of this score was confirmed by limiting analysis to assessable @entity0 treated with high-dose @entity4 -based chemotherapy (2-year OS +/- SD: 85% +/- 8%, 57% +/- 8%, and 24% +/- 11%; P =.0004). CONCLUSION: Age, PS, LDH serum level, @entity5 protein concentration, and involvement of deep structures of the brain were independent predictors of survival. A prognostic score including these five parameters seems advisable in distinguishing different risk groups in @entity2 @entity0 . The proposed score and its relevance in therapeutic decision deserve to be validated in further studies.

title: Prognostic scoring system for XXXX : the International @entity2 Study Group experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), combination chemotherapy using @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 (FMP) could achieve a response rate > 20%, but the beneficial effect was compromised by formidable adverse events. Chemotherapy given in a split-dose manner was associated with reduced @entity3 . In this retrospective study, we compared the efficacies and side effects between a regular and a split-dose FMP protocol approved in our medical center. METHODS: From 2005 to 2008, the clinical data of 84 @entity0 with far advanced @entity4 , who had either main @entity5 and/or extrahepatic @entity1 , were reviewed. Of them, 65 were treated by either regular (n = 27) or split-dose (n = 38) FMP and had completed at least one therapeutic course. The remaining 19 @entity0 were untreated. Clinical parameters, therapeutic responses, survivals and adverse events were compared. RESULTS: The median overall survival was 6.0, 5.2, and 1.5 months, respectively, in @entity0 receiving regular FMP, split-dose FMP, and no treatment (regular versus split-dose group, P = 0.447; regular or split-dose versus untreated group; P < 0.0001). @entity0 receiving split-dose treatment had a significantly lower risk of grade 3/4 @entity7 (51.9 versus 10.5%, P = 0.0005). When the two treated groups were combined, the median overall survival was 10.6 and 3.8 months respectively for @entity0 achieving disease control and progressive disease (P < 0.001). Cox proportion hazard model identified @entity0 -Pugh stage B (hazard ratio [HR], 2.216; P = 0.006), presence of extrahepatic @entity1 (HR, 0.574; P = 0.048), and achievement of disease control (HR, 0.228; P < 0.001) as independent factors associated with overall survival. Logistic regression analysis revealed that @entity10 virus antibody (odds ratio [OR], 9.219; P = 0.002) @entity2 size (OR, 0.816; P = 0.036), and previous anti- @entity2 therapy (OR, 0.195; P = 0.017) were significantly associated with successful disease control. CONCLUSIONS: Comparable overall survival was observed between @entity0 receiving regular and split-dose FMP therapies. @entity0 receiving split-dose therapy had a significantly lower risk of grade 3/4 @entity7 . @entity10 virus antibody, smaller @entity2 size, and absence of previous anti- @entity2 therapy were independent predictors for successful disease control.

title: Retrospective comparison between a regular and a split-dose protocol of @entity8 , XXXX , and @entity9 for the treatment of far @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), combination chemotherapy using @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 (FMP) could achieve a response rate > 20%, but the beneficial effect was compromised by formidable adverse events. Chemotherapy given in a split-dose manner was associated with reduced @entity3 . In this retrospective study, we compared the efficacies and side effects between a regular and a split-dose FMP protocol approved in our medical center. METHODS: From 2005 to 2008, the clinical data of 84 @entity0 with far advanced @entity4 , who had either main @entity5 and/or extrahepatic @entity1 , were reviewed. Of them, 65 were treated by either regular (n = 27) or split-dose (n = 38) FMP and had completed at least one therapeutic course. The remaining 19 @entity0 were untreated. Clinical parameters, therapeutic responses, survivals and adverse events were compared. RESULTS: The median overall survival was 6.0, 5.2, and 1.5 months, respectively, in @entity0 receiving regular FMP, split-dose FMP, and no treatment (regular versus split-dose group, P = 0.447; regular or split-dose versus untreated group; P < 0.0001). @entity0 receiving split-dose treatment had a significantly lower risk of grade 3/4 @entity7 (51.9 versus 10.5%, P = 0.0005). When the two treated groups were combined, the median overall survival was 10.6 and 3.8 months respectively for @entity0 achieving disease control and progressive disease (P < 0.001). Cox proportion hazard model identified @entity0 -Pugh stage B (hazard ratio [HR], 2.216; P = 0.006), presence of extrahepatic @entity1 (HR, 0.574; P = 0.048), and achievement of disease control (HR, 0.228; P < 0.001) as independent factors associated with overall survival. Logistic regression analysis revealed that @entity10 virus antibody (odds ratio [OR], 9.219; P = 0.002) @entity2 size (OR, 0.816; P = 0.036), and previous anti- @entity2 therapy (OR, 0.195; P = 0.017) were significantly associated with successful disease control. CONCLUSIONS: Comparable overall survival was observed between @entity0 receiving regular and split-dose FMP therapies. @entity0 receiving split-dose therapy had a significantly lower risk of grade 3/4 @entity7 . @entity10 virus antibody, smaller @entity2 size, and absence of previous anti- @entity2 therapy were independent predictors for successful disease control.

title: Retrospective comparison between a regular and a split-dose protocol of @entity8 , @entity6 , and XXXX for the treatment of far @entity4 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), combination chemotherapy using @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 (FMP) could achieve a response rate > 20%, but the beneficial effect was compromised by formidable adverse events. Chemotherapy given in a split-dose manner was associated with reduced @entity3 . In this retrospective study, we compared the efficacies and side effects between a regular and a split-dose FMP protocol approved in our medical center. METHODS: From 2005 to 2008, the clinical data of 84 @entity0 with far advanced @entity4 , who had either main @entity5 and/or extrahepatic @entity1 , were reviewed. Of them, 65 were treated by either regular (n = 27) or split-dose (n = 38) FMP and had completed at least one therapeutic course. The remaining 19 @entity0 were untreated. Clinical parameters, therapeutic responses, survivals and adverse events were compared. RESULTS: The median overall survival was 6.0, 5.2, and 1.5 months, respectively, in @entity0 receiving regular FMP, split-dose FMP, and no treatment (regular versus split-dose group, P = 0.447; regular or split-dose versus untreated group; P < 0.0001). @entity0 receiving split-dose treatment had a significantly lower risk of grade 3/4 @entity7 (51.9 versus 10.5%, P = 0.0005). When the two treated groups were combined, the median overall survival was 10.6 and 3.8 months respectively for @entity0 achieving disease control and progressive disease (P < 0.001). Cox proportion hazard model identified @entity0 -Pugh stage B (hazard ratio [HR], 2.216; P = 0.006), presence of extrahepatic @entity1 (HR, 0.574; P = 0.048), and achievement of disease control (HR, 0.228; P < 0.001) as independent factors associated with overall survival. Logistic regression analysis revealed that @entity10 virus antibody (odds ratio [OR], 9.219; P = 0.002) @entity2 size (OR, 0.816; P = 0.036), and previous anti- @entity2 therapy (OR, 0.195; P = 0.017) were significantly associated with successful disease control. CONCLUSIONS: Comparable overall survival was observed between @entity0 receiving regular and split-dose FMP therapies. @entity0 receiving split-dose therapy had a significantly lower risk of grade 3/4 @entity7 . @entity10 virus antibody, smaller @entity2 size, and absence of previous anti- @entity2 therapy were independent predictors for successful disease control.

title: Retrospective comparison between a regular and a split-dose protocol of XXXX , @entity6 , and @entity9 for the treatment of far @entity4 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), combination chemotherapy using @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 (FMP) could achieve a response rate > 20%, but the beneficial effect was compromised by formidable adverse events. Chemotherapy given in a split-dose manner was associated with reduced @entity3 . In this retrospective study, we compared the efficacies and side effects between a regular and a split-dose FMP protocol approved in our medical center. METHODS: From 2005 to 2008, the clinical data of 84 @entity0 with far advanced @entity4 , who had either main @entity5 and/or extrahepatic @entity1 , were reviewed. Of them, 65 were treated by either regular (n = 27) or split-dose (n = 38) FMP and had completed at least one therapeutic course. The remaining 19 @entity0 were untreated. Clinical parameters, therapeutic responses, survivals and adverse events were compared. RESULTS: The median overall survival was 6.0, 5.2, and 1.5 months, respectively, in @entity0 receiving regular FMP, split-dose FMP, and no treatment (regular versus split-dose group, P = 0.447; regular or split-dose versus untreated group; P < 0.0001). @entity0 receiving split-dose treatment had a significantly lower risk of grade 3/4 @entity7 (51.9 versus 10.5%, P = 0.0005). When the two treated groups were combined, the median overall survival was 10.6 and 3.8 months respectively for @entity0 achieving disease control and progressive disease (P < 0.001). Cox proportion hazard model identified @entity0 -Pugh stage B (hazard ratio [HR], 2.216; P = 0.006), presence of extrahepatic @entity1 (HR, 0.574; P = 0.048), and achievement of disease control (HR, 0.228; P < 0.001) as independent factors associated with overall survival. Logistic regression analysis revealed that @entity10 virus antibody (odds ratio [OR], 9.219; P = 0.002) @entity2 size (OR, 0.816; P = 0.036), and previous anti- @entity2 therapy (OR, 0.195; P = 0.017) were significantly associated with successful disease control. CONCLUSIONS: Comparable overall survival was observed between @entity0 receiving regular and split-dose FMP therapies. @entity0 receiving split-dose therapy had a significantly lower risk of grade 3/4 @entity7 . @entity10 virus antibody, smaller @entity2 size, and absence of previous anti- @entity2 therapy were independent predictors for successful disease control.

title: Retrospective comparison between a regular and a split-dose protocol of @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 for the treatment of far XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) @entity2 occurs in about 1 to 2% of @entity7 cysts. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult, and consensus on optimal treatment is lacking. METHODS: All @entity0 who underwent surgical treatment of a @entity7 cyst at our institution, a tertiary centre, were reviewed and @entity2 was identified. Clinicopathologic and follow-up information was examined. RESULTS: Among the 139 @entity0 treated for @entity7 cysts, 9 @entity0 (6.5%) had a @entity2 . All were @entity4 . There was a female predominance, and the median age at diagnosis was 44 years. The median follow-up was 6.7 years. All @entity0 underwent a Sistrunk procedure. A total thyroidectomy was performed in eight of nine @entity0 . The median size of the @entity2 was 10 mm. Two @entity0 underwent therapeutic neck dissection at the time of the total thyroidectomy. Two @entity0 experienced a recurrence regionally on follow-up. Eight of nine @entity0 received radioactive @entity5 therapy and suppressive doses of @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Strong conclusions are difficult to draw owing to the rarity of the disease. However, management should be similar to that of @entity3 and based on risk group stratification. An ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy is a valuable test in every @entity0 with a suspicion of @entity7 cyst. A diagnosis of @entity2 should prompt evaluation of the thyroid gland and cervical lymph nodes bilaterally. A Sistrunk procedure is the minimum therapeutic procedure, coupled with a total thyroidectomy for higher-risk @entity1 .

title: XXXX : case series.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the remodeling parameters cardiomyocyte (CM) damage or @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity1 that may be linked to outcomes in @entity0 with advanced @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in an effort to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of @entity3 that may support newer therapeutic modalities. BACKGROUND: There are controversial results on the influence of @entity1 , @entity5 , and apoptosis on outcomes in @entity0 with @entity3 ; other modalities of cell damage have been poorly investigated. METHODS: In endomyocardial biopsy specimens from 100 @entity0 with @entity4 and advanced @entity3 , CM diameter and the extent of @entity1 were determined by morphometry. The proportion of CMs with evidence of apoptosis, autophagic vacuolization (AuV), and oncosis was investigated by immunohistochemical methods and by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity6 nick end labeling. Those parameters were correlated with mortality in 3 years of follow-up by univariate analysis and with multivariate models incorporating the clinical variables more relevant to the prediction of outcomes. RESULTS: CM AuV occurred in 28 @entity0 (0.013    0.012%) and oncosis in 41 (0.109    0.139%). Nineteen @entity0 showed both markers. Apoptotic CM nuclei were observed in 3 @entity0 . In univariate analysis, CM diameter and AuV, either alone or associated with oncosis, were predictors of mortality. In multivariate analysis, CM diameter (hazard ratio: 1.37; 95% confidence interval: 1.12 to 1.68; p = 0.002) and simultaneous presence in the same endomyocardial biopsy specimen of AuV and oncosis (hazard ratio: 2.82; 95% confidence interval: 1.12 to 7.13; p = 0.028) were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and AuV, especially in association with oncosis, are predictors of outcome in @entity0 with @entity4 and severe @entity3 .

title: Cardiomyocyte @entity5 , oncosis, and autophagic vacuolization predict mortality in XXXX with advanced @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the remodeling parameters cardiomyocyte (CM) damage or @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity1 that may be linked to outcomes in @entity0 with advanced @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in an effort to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of @entity3 that may support newer therapeutic modalities. BACKGROUND: There are controversial results on the influence of @entity1 , @entity5 , and apoptosis on outcomes in @entity0 with @entity3 ; other modalities of cell damage have been poorly investigated. METHODS: In endomyocardial biopsy specimens from 100 @entity0 with @entity4 and advanced @entity3 , CM diameter and the extent of @entity1 were determined by morphometry. The proportion of CMs with evidence of apoptosis, autophagic vacuolization (AuV), and oncosis was investigated by immunohistochemical methods and by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity6 nick end labeling. Those parameters were correlated with mortality in 3 years of follow-up by univariate analysis and with multivariate models incorporating the clinical variables more relevant to the prediction of outcomes. RESULTS: CM AuV occurred in 28 @entity0 (0.013    0.012%) and oncosis in 41 (0.109    0.139%). Nineteen @entity0 showed both markers. Apoptotic CM nuclei were observed in 3 @entity0 . In univariate analysis, CM diameter and AuV, either alone or associated with oncosis, were predictors of mortality. In multivariate analysis, CM diameter (hazard ratio: 1.37; 95% confidence interval: 1.12 to 1.68; p = 0.002) and simultaneous presence in the same endomyocardial biopsy specimen of AuV and oncosis (hazard ratio: 2.82; 95% confidence interval: 1.12 to 7.13; p = 0.028) were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and AuV, especially in association with oncosis, are predictors of outcome in @entity0 with @entity4 and severe @entity3 .

title: Cardiomyocyte @entity5 , oncosis, and autophagic vacuolization predict mortality in @entity4 with advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the remodeling parameters cardiomyocyte (CM) damage or @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity1 that may be linked to outcomes in @entity0 with advanced @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in an effort to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of @entity3 that may support newer therapeutic modalities. BACKGROUND: There are controversial results on the influence of @entity1 , @entity5 , and apoptosis on outcomes in @entity0 with @entity3 ; other modalities of cell damage have been poorly investigated. METHODS: In endomyocardial biopsy specimens from 100 @entity0 with @entity4 and advanced @entity3 , CM diameter and the extent of @entity1 were determined by morphometry. The proportion of CMs with evidence of apoptosis, autophagic vacuolization (AuV), and oncosis was investigated by immunohistochemical methods and by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity6 nick end labeling. Those parameters were correlated with mortality in 3 years of follow-up by univariate analysis and with multivariate models incorporating the clinical variables more relevant to the prediction of outcomes. RESULTS: CM AuV occurred in 28 @entity0 (0.013    0.012%) and oncosis in 41 (0.109    0.139%). Nineteen @entity0 showed both markers. Apoptotic CM nuclei were observed in 3 @entity0 . In univariate analysis, CM diameter and AuV, either alone or associated with oncosis, were predictors of mortality. In multivariate analysis, CM diameter (hazard ratio: 1.37; 95% confidence interval: 1.12 to 1.68; p = 0.002) and simultaneous presence in the same endomyocardial biopsy specimen of AuV and oncosis (hazard ratio: 2.82; 95% confidence interval: 1.12 to 7.13; p = 0.028) were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and AuV, especially in association with oncosis, are predictors of outcome in @entity0 with @entity4 and severe @entity3 .

title: Cardiomyocyte XXXX , oncosis, and autophagic vacuolization predict mortality in @entity4 with advanced @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 is a rare, @entity1 characterized by a proliferation of eccrine and vascular structures. We present 2 cases and review the characteristics of this disorder. The first @entity0 was a 33-year-old @entity0 who consulted for a @entity2 on her back associated with local @entity4 . The second @entity0 was a 25-year-old @entity0 with an asymptomatic @entity2 on his left palm. In both @entity0 a diagnosis of @entity5 was made based on the histological findings. @entity5 is usually present at birth or develops during childhood. It is typically a solitary lesion and signs and symptoms can vary; diagnosis is therefore based on histological study. The most common site is on the distal parts of limbs. The lesions tend to be asymptomatic, but there may be associated @entity3 and @entity4 . Treatment is not usually necessary except in cases with persistent symptoms, excessive sweating, or cosmetic concerns.

title: [ XXXX : a report of 2 cases].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for @entity0 @entity3 (Mb) was developed. Serum Mb was assayed by incubation with an anti-Mb rabbit IgG-coated @entity2 ball and then with affinity-purified anti-Mb Fab'-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate. The HRP activity bound to the @entity2 ball was assayed fluorimetrically. The sensitivity was 3.1 pg/tube and serum Mb levels of 0.4-1000 micrograms/l could be determined. The recoveries of Mb added to @entity0 sera at 3 concentrations were 92.8-99.8%. The within- and between-assay coefficients of variations (CV values) were both below 10%. The regression equation of values determined by EIA and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was y(EIA) = 0.964x (RIA)--2.30 and the correlation coefficient was 0.984. The mean normal serum concentration of Mb was 21.5 +/- 6.0 micrograms/l (mean +/- SD) in males and 16.9 +/- 5.8 micrograms/l in females. The significance of serum Mb determination by the EIA in @entity1 was confirmed. The present EIA for Mb is more sensitive and economical than RIA and should be useful for determining Mb in biological materials.

title: A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay for @entity0 XXXX using Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugate: methods and results in normal subjects and @entity0 with @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for @entity0 @entity3 (Mb) was developed. Serum Mb was assayed by incubation with an anti-Mb rabbit IgG-coated @entity2 ball and then with affinity-purified anti-Mb Fab'-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate. The HRP activity bound to the @entity2 ball was assayed fluorimetrically. The sensitivity was 3.1 pg/tube and serum Mb levels of 0.4-1000 micrograms/l could be determined. The recoveries of Mb added to @entity0 sera at 3 concentrations were 92.8-99.8%. The within- and between-assay coefficients of variations (CV values) were both below 10%. The regression equation of values determined by EIA and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was y(EIA) = 0.964x (RIA)--2.30 and the correlation coefficient was 0.984. The mean normal serum concentration of Mb was 21.5 +/- 6.0 micrograms/l (mean +/- SD) in males and 16.9 +/- 5.8 micrograms/l in females. The significance of serum Mb determination by the EIA in @entity1 was confirmed. The present EIA for Mb is more sensitive and economical than RIA and should be useful for determining Mb in biological materials.

title: A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay for @entity0 @entity3 using Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugate: methods and results in normal subjects and @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for @entity0 @entity3 (Mb) was developed. Serum Mb was assayed by incubation with an anti-Mb rabbit IgG-coated @entity2 ball and then with affinity-purified anti-Mb Fab'-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate. The HRP activity bound to the @entity2 ball was assayed fluorimetrically. The sensitivity was 3.1 pg/tube and serum Mb levels of 0.4-1000 micrograms/l could be determined. The recoveries of Mb added to @entity0 sera at 3 concentrations were 92.8-99.8%. The within- and between-assay coefficients of variations (CV values) were both below 10%. The regression equation of values determined by EIA and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was y(EIA) = 0.964x (RIA)--2.30 and the correlation coefficient was 0.984. The mean normal serum concentration of Mb was 21.5 +/- 6.0 micrograms/l (mean +/- SD) in males and 16.9 +/- 5.8 micrograms/l in females. The significance of serum Mb determination by the EIA in @entity1 was confirmed. The present EIA for Mb is more sensitive and economical than RIA and should be useful for determining Mb in biological materials.

title: A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay for XXXX @entity3 using Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugate: methods and results in normal subjects and @entity0 with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for @entity0 @entity3 (Mb) was developed. Serum Mb was assayed by incubation with an anti-Mb rabbit IgG-coated @entity2 ball and then with affinity-purified anti-Mb Fab'-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate. The HRP activity bound to the @entity2 ball was assayed fluorimetrically. The sensitivity was 3.1 pg/tube and serum Mb levels of 0.4-1000 micrograms/l could be determined. The recoveries of Mb added to @entity0 sera at 3 concentrations were 92.8-99.8%. The within- and between-assay coefficients of variations (CV values) were both below 10%. The regression equation of values determined by EIA and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was y(EIA) = 0.964x (RIA)--2.30 and the correlation coefficient was 0.984. The mean normal serum concentration of Mb was 21.5 +/- 6.0 micrograms/l (mean +/- SD) in males and 16.9 +/- 5.8 micrograms/l in females. The significance of serum Mb determination by the EIA in @entity1 was confirmed. The present EIA for Mb is more sensitive and economical than RIA and should be useful for determining Mb in biological materials.

title: A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay for @entity0 @entity3 using Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugate: methods and results in normal subjects and XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is not only managed by nephrologists, but also by several other subspecialists. The referral rate to nephrologists and the factors influencing it are unknown. AIMS: To determine the referral rate, factors affecting referral and outcomes across the spectrum of @entity3 in a population based study. METHODS: We identified all patients with serum @entity4 concentrations >= 150   mol/l (male) or >= 130   mol/l (female) over a 6-month period. @entity3 was defined according to the RIFLE classification (risk, @entity1 , loss, @entity2 [ @entity2 ]). Clinical information and outcomes were obtained from each @entity0 's case records. RESULTS: A total of 562 @entity0 were identified as having @entity3 (incidence 2147 per million population/year [pmp/y]). One hundred and sixty-four @entity0 (29%) were referred to nephrologists-referral rate 627 pmp/y. Forty-nine percent of patients whose serum @entity4 rose to >300   mol/l were referred compared with 22% in our previous study of 1997. Forty-eight @entity0 required renal replacement therapy-incidence 184 pmp/y in comparison to 50 pmp/y in our previous study of 1997. @entity0 had higher odds of referral if they were male, of younger age and were in the F category of the RIFLE classification. @entity0 had lower odds of referral if they had multiple co-morbid conditions or if they were managed in a hospital without a nephrology service. CONCLUSION: There has been a significant rise in the referral rate of @entity0 with @entity3 to nephrologists but even during our period of study only one-third of such @entity0 were being referred. With rising incidence and increased awareness, the referral rate will certainly rise putting a significant burden on the nephrology services.

title: The changing pattern of referral in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: This multicentre study was aimed at comparing the trough effect of @entity3 and @entity2 on diastolic blood pressure ( @entity4 ), using self blood pressure measurement (SBPM). A second objective was to compare the data obtained from SBPM with those provided by automatic office BP measurement. A total of 441 mild-to-moderate @entity1 @entity0 were randomised to receive either @entity3 40 mg or @entity2 4 mg for a period of 12 weeks. @entity0 whose clinic @entity4 remained higher than or equal to 90 mmHg at the end of the 6th week (W6) were given a double-dose regimen. Office BP and SBPM were performed at baseline (W0), at W6 and at week 12 (W12), both with the same automatic device. A greater diminution of trough @entity4 was obtained with @entity3 (-6.6+/-6.7 mmHg) than with @entity2 (-5.1+/-7.0 mmHg; P=0.018). Regarding clinic BP, the same results were observed. Doubling dose was significantly less frequent with @entity3 (41%; n=85) than with @entity2 (55%; n=115, P=0.005). Mean values of SBPM were lower than office BP values, with a difference of a greater importance at W0 than at W12: 6.6 vs 4.7 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (P<0.005) and 3.2 vs 1.4 mmHg for @entity4 (P<0.0001). At W12, isolated office @entity1 was found in 9% of the @entity0 (n=37), while there were 14% of the @entity0 (n=55) with isolated home @entity1 . In conclusion, the trough effect on @entity4 was statistically higher with @entity3 than with @entity2 . SBPM values were lower than office BP values, with greater differences before than after treatment. About a quarter of the @entity0 were found to be controlled with a method but not with the other one.

title: Comparison of trough effect of XXXX vs @entity2 using self blood pressure measurement: EVERESTE study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This multicentre study was aimed at comparing the trough effect of @entity3 and @entity2 on diastolic blood pressure ( @entity4 ), using self blood pressure measurement (SBPM). A second objective was to compare the data obtained from SBPM with those provided by automatic office BP measurement. A total of 441 mild-to-moderate @entity1 @entity0 were randomised to receive either @entity3 40 mg or @entity2 4 mg for a period of 12 weeks. @entity0 whose clinic @entity4 remained higher than or equal to 90 mmHg at the end of the 6th week (W6) were given a double-dose regimen. Office BP and SBPM were performed at baseline (W0), at W6 and at week 12 (W12), both with the same automatic device. A greater diminution of trough @entity4 was obtained with @entity3 (-6.6+/-6.7 mmHg) than with @entity2 (-5.1+/-7.0 mmHg; P=0.018). Regarding clinic BP, the same results were observed. Doubling dose was significantly less frequent with @entity3 (41%; n=85) than with @entity2 (55%; n=115, P=0.005). Mean values of SBPM were lower than office BP values, with a difference of a greater importance at W0 than at W12: 6.6 vs 4.7 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (P<0.005) and 3.2 vs 1.4 mmHg for @entity4 (P<0.0001). At W12, isolated office @entity1 was found in 9% of the @entity0 (n=37), while there were 14% of the @entity0 (n=55) with isolated home @entity1 . In conclusion, the trough effect on @entity4 was statistically higher with @entity3 than with @entity2 . SBPM values were lower than office BP values, with greater differences before than after treatment. About a quarter of the @entity0 were found to be controlled with a method but not with the other one.

title: Comparison of trough effect of @entity3 vs XXXX using self blood pressure measurement: EVERESTE study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pericardial effusion is defined as M1a in the Union Internationale Contre le @entity3 seventh @entity3 , node, @entity2 edition for @entity1 . The clinical course of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with @entity7 but without distant @entity2 (M1a) has not been adequately investigated. METHODS: The medical records of @entity0 with @entity5 treated at the National @entity3 Center Hospital East between July 1992 and December 2007 were reviewed. During this period, 766 @entity0 were newly diagnosed as having @entity5 . Thirty-three of the 416 @entity0 with limited disease (LD) @entity5 (8%) had @entity7 . Seventy-nine @entity0 with LD- @entity5 (19%) had ipsilateral @entity6 . Of these, 16 @entity0 had both pericardial and @entity6 . We divided the 96 M1a @entity0 into two subgroups: group A (n = 33) included @entity0 with @entity7 , and group B (n = 63) included @entity0 with @entity6 or disseminated pleural nodules but without @entity7 . RESULTS: The median survival time among the @entity0 with LD-M1a was 13.4 months (95% confidence interval: 10.7-16.6 months), and the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 56%, 18%, 9%, and 8%, respectively. The survival of the @entity0 with LD-M1a was intermediate between those of the @entity0 with LD-M0 and @entity0 with @entity4 (p < 0.0001). The overall survival period was not statistically different between groups A and B (p = 0.5182). Nineteen @entity0 in group A received chemoradiotherapy, but only two @entity0 survived for more than 2 years (2- and 5-year survival rate: 11% both). Twenty-six @entity0 in group B received chemoradiotherapy, and four @entity0 survived for more than 5 years (5-year survival rate: 18%). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term survival was achieved among @entity0 with @entity5 with @entity7 but without distant @entity2 who successfully underwent chemoradiotherapy, although 5-year survival rate in these @entity0 was relatively lower than in @entity0 with @entity5 with @entity6 but without @entity7 or distant @entity2 .

title: Clinical outcome of XXXX with @entity7 but without distant @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pericardial effusion is defined as M1a in the Union Internationale Contre le @entity3 seventh @entity3 , node, @entity2 edition for @entity1 . The clinical course of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with @entity7 but without distant @entity2 (M1a) has not been adequately investigated. METHODS: The medical records of @entity0 with @entity5 treated at the National @entity3 Center Hospital East between July 1992 and December 2007 were reviewed. During this period, 766 @entity0 were newly diagnosed as having @entity5 . Thirty-three of the 416 @entity0 with limited disease (LD) @entity5 (8%) had @entity7 . Seventy-nine @entity0 with LD- @entity5 (19%) had ipsilateral @entity6 . Of these, 16 @entity0 had both pericardial and @entity6 . We divided the 96 M1a @entity0 into two subgroups: group A (n = 33) included @entity0 with @entity7 , and group B (n = 63) included @entity0 with @entity6 or disseminated pleural nodules but without @entity7 . RESULTS: The median survival time among the @entity0 with LD-M1a was 13.4 months (95% confidence interval: 10.7-16.6 months), and the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 56%, 18%, 9%, and 8%, respectively. The survival of the @entity0 with LD-M1a was intermediate between those of the @entity0 with LD-M0 and @entity0 with @entity4 (p < 0.0001). The overall survival period was not statistically different between groups A and B (p = 0.5182). Nineteen @entity0 in group A received chemoradiotherapy, but only two @entity0 survived for more than 2 years (2- and 5-year survival rate: 11% both). Twenty-six @entity0 in group B received chemoradiotherapy, and four @entity0 survived for more than 5 years (5-year survival rate: 18%). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term survival was achieved among @entity0 with @entity5 with @entity7 but without distant @entity2 who successfully underwent chemoradiotherapy, although 5-year survival rate in these @entity0 was relatively lower than in @entity0 with @entity5 with @entity6 but without @entity7 or distant @entity2 .

title: Clinical outcome of @entity5 with @entity7 but without distant XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pericardial effusion is defined as M1a in the Union Internationale Contre le @entity3 seventh @entity3 , node, @entity2 edition for @entity1 . The clinical course of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with @entity7 but without distant @entity2 (M1a) has not been adequately investigated. METHODS: The medical records of @entity0 with @entity5 treated at the National @entity3 Center Hospital East between July 1992 and December 2007 were reviewed. During this period, 766 @entity0 were newly diagnosed as having @entity5 . Thirty-three of the 416 @entity0 with limited disease (LD) @entity5 (8%) had @entity7 . Seventy-nine @entity0 with LD- @entity5 (19%) had ipsilateral @entity6 . Of these, 16 @entity0 had both pericardial and @entity6 . We divided the 96 M1a @entity0 into two subgroups: group A (n = 33) included @entity0 with @entity7 , and group B (n = 63) included @entity0 with @entity6 or disseminated pleural nodules but without @entity7 . RESULTS: The median survival time among the @entity0 with LD-M1a was 13.4 months (95% confidence interval: 10.7-16.6 months), and the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 56%, 18%, 9%, and 8%, respectively. The survival of the @entity0 with LD-M1a was intermediate between those of the @entity0 with LD-M0 and @entity0 with @entity4 (p < 0.0001). The overall survival period was not statistically different between groups A and B (p = 0.5182). Nineteen @entity0 in group A received chemoradiotherapy, but only two @entity0 survived for more than 2 years (2- and 5-year survival rate: 11% both). Twenty-six @entity0 in group B received chemoradiotherapy, and four @entity0 survived for more than 5 years (5-year survival rate: 18%). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term survival was achieved among @entity0 with @entity5 with @entity7 but without distant @entity2 who successfully underwent chemoradiotherapy, although 5-year survival rate in these @entity0 was relatively lower than in @entity0 with @entity5 with @entity6 but without @entity7 or distant @entity2 .

title: Clinical outcome of @entity5 with XXXX but without distant @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is a model system for the biology of unicellular green algae. Chemically regulated promoters, such as the nickel-inducible @entity3 or the low CO   -inducible @entity4 promoter, may prove useful for expressing, at precise times during its cell cycle, proteins with relevant biological functions, or complementing mutants in genes encoding such proteins. To this date, this has not been reported for the above promoters. RESULTS: We fused the @entity3 and @entity4 promoters to an HA-tagged @entity2 gene, encoding a protein of the flagellar radial spoke complex. The constructs were used for chemically regulated complementation of the pf14 mutant, carrying an ochre mutation in the @entity2 gene. 7 to 8% of the transformants showed cells with restored motility after induction with @entity1 or transfer to low CO    conditions, but not in non-inducing conditions. Maximum complementation (5% motile cells) was reached with very different kinetics (5-6 hours for @entity4 , 48 hours for @entity3 ). The two inducible promoters drive much lower levels of @entity2 protein expression than the constitutive PSAD promoter, which shows almost complete rescue of motility. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first example of the use of the @entity3 or @entity4 promoters to perform a chemically regulated complementation of a @entity0 mutant. Based on our data, the @entity3 and @entity4 promoters should be capable of fully complementing mutants in genes whose products exert their biological activity at low concentrations.

title: @entity1 and low CO   -controlled motility in XXXX through complementation of a paralyzed flagella mutant with chemically regulated promoters.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is a model system for the biology of unicellular green algae. Chemically regulated promoters, such as the nickel-inducible @entity3 or the low CO   -inducible @entity4 promoter, may prove useful for expressing, at precise times during its cell cycle, proteins with relevant biological functions, or complementing mutants in genes encoding such proteins. To this date, this has not been reported for the above promoters. RESULTS: We fused the @entity3 and @entity4 promoters to an HA-tagged @entity2 gene, encoding a protein of the flagellar radial spoke complex. The constructs were used for chemically regulated complementation of the pf14 mutant, carrying an ochre mutation in the @entity2 gene. 7 to 8% of the transformants showed cells with restored motility after induction with @entity1 or transfer to low CO    conditions, but not in non-inducing conditions. Maximum complementation (5% motile cells) was reached with very different kinetics (5-6 hours for @entity4 , 48 hours for @entity3 ). The two inducible promoters drive much lower levels of @entity2 protein expression than the constitutive PSAD promoter, which shows almost complete rescue of motility. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first example of the use of the @entity3 or @entity4 promoters to perform a chemically regulated complementation of a @entity0 mutant. Based on our data, the @entity3 and @entity4 promoters should be capable of fully complementing mutants in genes whose products exert their biological activity at low concentrations.

title: XXXX and low CO   -controlled motility in @entity0 through complementation of a paralyzed flagella mutant with chemically regulated promoters.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two cell culture techniques, static and flow perfusion, on the osteogenic expression of @entity0 bone marrow cells seeded into @entity2 fiber mesh for a period up to 16 days. A cell suspension of @entity0 bone marrow stromal osteoblasts (5 x 10(5) cells/300 microL) was seeded into the mesh material. Thereafter, the constructs were cultured under static conditions or in a flow perfusion system for 4, 8, and 16 days. To evaluate cellular proliferation and differentiation, constructs were examined for DNA, @entity1 content, and alkaline phosphatase activity. Samples were also examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and plastic-embedded histological sections. Results showed an increase in DNA from day 4 to day 8 for the flow perfusion system. At day 8, a significant enhancement in DNA content was observed for flow perfusion culture compared with static culture conditions, but similar cell numbers were found for each culture system at 16 days. @entity1 measurements showed a large increase in @entity1 content of the meshes subjected to flow perfusion at day 16. The SEM examination revealed that the 16-day samples subjected to flow perfusion culture were completely covered with layers of cells and mineralized matrix. In addition, this matrix extended deep into the scaffolds. In contrast, meshes cultured under static conditions had only a thin sheet of matrix present on the upper surface of the meshes. Evaluation of the light microscopy sections confirmed the SEM observations. On the basis of our results, we conclude that a flow perfusion system can enhance the early proliferation, differentiation, and mineralized matrix production of bone marrow stromal osteoblasts seeded in @entity2 fiber mesh.

title: Flow perfusion culture of marrow stromal osteoblasts in XXXX fiber mesh.

answer: @entity2


abstract: To investigate the effects of polymer chemistry and topology (linear or graft copolymer) on in vivo biocompatibility and biostability based on cage implant system, various hydrogels, composed of short hydrophilic [ @entity2 ( @entity3 )] and @entity1 , were prepared by polycondensation reaction. @entity7 ( @entity8 ) or @entity5 ( @entity6 ) was chosen as a @entity1 because of their wide utilization as a biomaterial. By using the specimens retrieved from @entity0 killed after 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 weeks' implantation, cellular and material responses were assessed. Most hydrogels showed a comparable value of macrophage density to @entity4 (R), control polymer, whereas they did significantly lower foreign body giant cell (FBGC) density and coverage because of the presence of @entity3 . However, @entity3 block length and polymer topology did not affect macrophage adhesion and FBGC formation in our polymer composition. The hydrogel based on @entity6 alone showed significantly lower macrophage density and FBGC density than @entity4 (R), indicating that @entity6 plays a role in inhibiting cellular adhesion. The results obtained from gel permeation chromatography curve and Fourier transform infrared spectra exhibited that all the polymers were susceptible to oxidative degradation in vivo. Although @entity4 (R) revealed surface degradation by 5 weeks in vivo, hydrogels showed rapid degradation in the bulk within 2 weeks because of the penetration of oxidative chemicals released from phagocytic cells into @entity3 domain of phase-separated hydrogels. The more significant degradation was observed in the hydrogels with longer @entity3 block and PTMO as a @entity1 instead of @entity6 . It was evident that the minor degradation could be achieved by grafting @entity3 and adopting @entity6 as a @entity1 in the hydrogel.

title: Hydrogels based on @entity2 and @entity7 or XXXX . III. In vivo biocompatibility and biostability.

answer: @entity5


abstract: To investigate the effects of polymer chemistry and topology (linear or graft copolymer) on in vivo biocompatibility and biostability based on cage implant system, various hydrogels, composed of short hydrophilic [ @entity2 ( @entity3 )] and @entity1 , were prepared by polycondensation reaction. @entity7 ( @entity8 ) or @entity5 ( @entity6 ) was chosen as a @entity1 because of their wide utilization as a biomaterial. By using the specimens retrieved from @entity0 killed after 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 weeks' implantation, cellular and material responses were assessed. Most hydrogels showed a comparable value of macrophage density to @entity4 (R), control polymer, whereas they did significantly lower foreign body giant cell (FBGC) density and coverage because of the presence of @entity3 . However, @entity3 block length and polymer topology did not affect macrophage adhesion and FBGC formation in our polymer composition. The hydrogel based on @entity6 alone showed significantly lower macrophage density and FBGC density than @entity4 (R), indicating that @entity6 plays a role in inhibiting cellular adhesion. The results obtained from gel permeation chromatography curve and Fourier transform infrared spectra exhibited that all the polymers were susceptible to oxidative degradation in vivo. Although @entity4 (R) revealed surface degradation by 5 weeks in vivo, hydrogels showed rapid degradation in the bulk within 2 weeks because of the penetration of oxidative chemicals released from phagocytic cells into @entity3 domain of phase-separated hydrogels. The more significant degradation was observed in the hydrogels with longer @entity3 block and PTMO as a @entity1 instead of @entity6 . It was evident that the minor degradation could be achieved by grafting @entity3 and adopting @entity6 as a @entity1 in the hydrogel.

title: Hydrogels based on @entity2 and XXXX or @entity5 . III. In vivo biocompatibility and biostability.

answer: @entity7


abstract: To investigate the effects of polymer chemistry and topology (linear or graft copolymer) on in vivo biocompatibility and biostability based on cage implant system, various hydrogels, composed of short hydrophilic [ @entity2 ( @entity3 )] and @entity1 , were prepared by polycondensation reaction. @entity7 ( @entity8 ) or @entity5 ( @entity6 ) was chosen as a @entity1 because of their wide utilization as a biomaterial. By using the specimens retrieved from @entity0 killed after 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 weeks' implantation, cellular and material responses were assessed. Most hydrogels showed a comparable value of macrophage density to @entity4 (R), control polymer, whereas they did significantly lower foreign body giant cell (FBGC) density and coverage because of the presence of @entity3 . However, @entity3 block length and polymer topology did not affect macrophage adhesion and FBGC formation in our polymer composition. The hydrogel based on @entity6 alone showed significantly lower macrophage density and FBGC density than @entity4 (R), indicating that @entity6 plays a role in inhibiting cellular adhesion. The results obtained from gel permeation chromatography curve and Fourier transform infrared spectra exhibited that all the polymers were susceptible to oxidative degradation in vivo. Although @entity4 (R) revealed surface degradation by 5 weeks in vivo, hydrogels showed rapid degradation in the bulk within 2 weeks because of the penetration of oxidative chemicals released from phagocytic cells into @entity3 domain of phase-separated hydrogels. The more significant degradation was observed in the hydrogels with longer @entity3 block and PTMO as a @entity1 instead of @entity6 . It was evident that the minor degradation could be achieved by grafting @entity3 and adopting @entity6 as a @entity1 in the hydrogel.

title: Hydrogels based on XXXX and @entity7 or @entity5 . III. In vivo biocompatibility and biostability.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Day-case laparoscopic fundoplication for @entity4 was introduced in January 1997. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Inclusion criteria were ASA grade 1-2, living within 30 minutes by car from the hospital, or staying over in the @entity0 hotel the first night, with company. Initially, only selected @entity0 were offered day-case treatment; later it was adopted as routine. The @entity0 underwent general intravenous anaesthesia with @entity6 and @entity7 and were given prophylaxis against @entity3 and @entity5 . The surgical procedure was Nissen-Rossetti fundoplication or semifundoplication. RESULTS: 83 @entity0 were included. Ten @entity0 were admitted, 73 (88%) were discharged as planned 3-8 hours after the operation. Eight @entity0 (10%) were readmitted; one of them underwent reoperation for @entity1 of the gastric fundus. Eight @entity0 visited the outpatient department without need for readmission. At seven-day follow-up, 55 discharged @entity0 (75%) were satisfied with the day-case treatment, nine (12%) were indifferent, and nine (12%) were dissatisfied, mostly because of @entity2 . If offered a similar operation in the future, 50 @entity0 (68%) would have preferred and 11 (15%) would have accepted day-case treatment; 12 (16%) would not. INTERPRETATION: Outpatient laparoscopic fundoplication is safe and well tolerated by the majority of @entity0 .

title: [Outpatient laparoscopic fundoplication for XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: In this study we present a standard for radiological reports in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The parameters can be used to describe X-rays of the lateral spine and give an impartial description of anatomical structures during a treatment with @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective analysis we included 48 @entity0 with @entity5 (31 female, 17 male [1.5 months - 19 years, mean age 9.0 years]). Lateral spine X-rays were analyzed by 2 radiologists before and during treatment. The parameters of the standardized report are degree of @entity4 , compression of single vertebrae, predominant type of @entity3 (score 1 - 5). RESULTS: There was no clear trend in the change of compression of single vertebrae. Some vertebrae with ventral compression showed an upgrowth to vertebrae with harmonic compression. Other @entity1 showed only marginal changes. In 26 @entity0 the @entity4 improved (mean 10 degrees), in 36 @entity0 the thoracic vertebrae compression increased and in 30 @entity0 the vertebral height in the lumbar spine increased. The improvement of vertebral height was 1 point in the thoracic and lumbar spine. CONCLUSION: We propose a standardized report of X-rays of the lateral spine in @entity0 with @entity5 with quantitative and semiquantitative parameters using morphological criteria. These include compression of single vertebrae, degree of @entity4 , @entity1 and the severity of vertebral compression in the thoracic and lumbar spine.

title: [Standardized x-ray reports of the spine in XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Uterine @entity2 constitutes a highly malignant group of uterine @entity1 . It accounts for 2-6% of uterine @entity1 and its incidence is 1.7 in 100,000 @entity0 . The three most common variants of uterine @entity2 are @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity5 . Based on relatively small case series, the literature provides little information on the risk factors, the natural course of the disease and the preferred treatment. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate uterine @entity2 @entity0 treated in a tertiary referral center in Israel over a 20 year period (1980-2005). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of the charts of 40 uterine @entity2 @entity0 , including their @entity1 characteristics, stage at diagnosis, treatment modalities, follow-up and survival. RESULTS: The @entity0 ' mean age was 53 years (range 32-76); 30% of the @entity0 had @entity5 , 55% had @entity3 and 15% had ESS. Half of the @entity0 presented with stage I disease, 23% stage II, 10% stage III and 15% stage IV. Thirty-nine @entity0 were treated with surgery. Adjuvant radiotherapy was administered to 39% of the @entity0 , adjuvant chemotherapy to 21% and combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy to 9%. The mean follow-up period was 44 months, at which time disease had recurred in 44% of the @entity0 . The disease stage was correlated with the 5-year survival rate, which was 73.1% for stages I-II and 22.2% for stages III- IV. CONCLUSIONS: In accordance with other larger studies our data show that the only prognostic factor that was significantly correlated with prognosis was the stage of the disease at diagnosis. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, survival has not improved over the last 25 years.

title: Uterine XXXX : prognostic factors and treatment evaluation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Carriers of the @entity4 premutation allele are at a significantly increased risk for a late-onset @entity0 , @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The primary features of @entity6 are late-onset intention @entity1 and @entity5 . Previous reports have shown global deficits in neuropsychological measures among males with @entity6 , particularly those related to executive functioning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuropsychological profile among older males with the premutation who are at risk for @entity6 . METHOD: Premutation carriers, 66 with motor symptoms and 23 without, and 18 noncarrier siblings were recruited from pedigrees diagnosed with @entity3 , all over age 50. Subjects were examined with a neurological test battery to identify symptoms of @entity6 and a neuropsychological test battery to investigate cognitive and behavioral profiles. Linear regression and ANCOVA were used to determine the effect of the premutation on outcome measures adjusting for age and education. RESULTS: We identified a significant decrease in scores of general intelligence and a marginally significant decrease in scores of logical memory among premutation carrier males with motor symptoms compared to the noncarrier male siblings. We did not identify deficits in executive functioning in our sample of premutation carrier males with motor symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to other reports, we found that the @entity4 premutation is associated with deficits in general intelligence and memory among older males with symptoms of @entity6 . However, our results differed in that we found no evidence of premutation-associated @entity2 . We provide possible explanations for this difference.

title: Neuropsychological findings from older premutation carrier males and their noncarrier siblings from families with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Progressive @entity2 is @entity1 without definite etiology. There is no consensus or first-line therapy in the treatment of progressive @entity2 , and the treatment options used are very little effective. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the topical combination of @entity4 5% and @entity3 1% associated with sun exposure for the treatment of progressive @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which @entity0 were divided into two groups. Group A used the topical combination of @entity4 5% and @entity3 1% and Group B used gel cream as a placebo. @entity0 were advised to expose themselves to the sun on a daily basis and were systematically evaluated and photographed. The collected data were entered and analyzed using Epi Info. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of the 23 @entity0 included in the study, 13 were in group A and 10 in group B. Eleven @entity0 (85%) in group A had significant clinical improvement and only two @entity0 (20%) in group B showed an equivalent clinical improvement (p = 0.003). Side effects were more frequent in group A (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The topical combination of @entity4 5% and @entity3 1% is effective in the treatment of progressive @entity2 .

title: Efficacy of topical combination of XXXX 5% and @entity3 1% for the treatment of progressive @entity2 : a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Progressive @entity2 is @entity1 without definite etiology. There is no consensus or first-line therapy in the treatment of progressive @entity2 , and the treatment options used are very little effective. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the topical combination of @entity4 5% and @entity3 1% associated with sun exposure for the treatment of progressive @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which @entity0 were divided into two groups. Group A used the topical combination of @entity4 5% and @entity3 1% and Group B used gel cream as a placebo. @entity0 were advised to expose themselves to the sun on a daily basis and were systematically evaluated and photographed. The collected data were entered and analyzed using Epi Info. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of the 23 @entity0 included in the study, 13 were in group A and 10 in group B. Eleven @entity0 (85%) in group A had significant clinical improvement and only two @entity0 (20%) in group B showed an equivalent clinical improvement (p = 0.003). Side effects were more frequent in group A (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The topical combination of @entity4 5% and @entity3 1% is effective in the treatment of progressive @entity2 .

title: Efficacy of topical combination of @entity4 5% and XXXX 1% for the treatment of progressive @entity2 : a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Progressive @entity2 is @entity1 without definite etiology. There is no consensus or first-line therapy in the treatment of progressive @entity2 , and the treatment options used are very little effective. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the topical combination of @entity4 5% and @entity3 1% associated with sun exposure for the treatment of progressive @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which @entity0 were divided into two groups. Group A used the topical combination of @entity4 5% and @entity3 1% and Group B used gel cream as a placebo. @entity0 were advised to expose themselves to the sun on a daily basis and were systematically evaluated and photographed. The collected data were entered and analyzed using Epi Info. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of the 23 @entity0 included in the study, 13 were in group A and 10 in group B. Eleven @entity0 (85%) in group A had significant clinical improvement and only two @entity0 (20%) in group B showed an equivalent clinical improvement (p = 0.003). Side effects were more frequent in group A (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The topical combination of @entity4 5% and @entity3 1% is effective in the treatment of progressive @entity2 .

title: Efficacy of topical combination of @entity4 5% and @entity3 1% for the treatment of progressive XXXX : a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 rotaviruses (HRVs) represent a major cause of @entity2 in @entity0 worldwide. It is estimated that they are responsible for a large number of @entity1 -associated hospitalizations in childhood each year. In Italy, limited data are available on the patterns of distribution of HRV G and P types. We report here the results of 2 years of rotavirus strain surveillance among @entity0 with severe @entity3 diagnosed in the town of Portici, Campania, southern Italy. METHODS: A total of 421 stool specimens from @entity0 between 6 months and 5 years of age and presenting acute @entity1 were collected and tested by routine diagnostic tests for HRV, adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus, and common bacterial pathogens. RESULTS: The laboratory results showed that 110 of the 225 (26.1%) virus-positive samples contained HRVs. The different G and P rotavirus genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the VP7 genotypes identified, G1 and G2 were predominant, with percentages of 48.2 and 30.9%, respectively. G4, G9, and G10 were detected in a minority of cases. Among the VP4 genotypes, P[8] occurred the most frequently (56.4%), followed by P[4] (31.8%), and only a few P[10] and P[11] at percentages of 1.8 and 0.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our epidemiological data of HRV strains will contribute to assessing the magnitude of the problem of HRV in the south of Italy.

title: G2 as an emerging rotavirus strain in pediatric XXXX in southern Italy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery for pancreatic @entity1 complicating acute severe @entity3 carries a high risk of mortality and may be influenced by a range of variables including patterns of referral, case selection and quality of care. METHODS: An observational study of a consecutive series of 54 @entity0 undergoing pancreatic necrosectomy in a specialist Hepatobiliary unit over an 8-year study period. Principal outcomes were organ dysfunction and physiological derangement in relation to surgery, microbial colonization of @entity1 and relation to outcome, re-operation rates, requirement for peri-operative nutritional support, trends in mortality and survival analysis. RESULTS: Necrosectomy was associated with statistically significant deterioration in immediate postoperative organ dysfunction scores (ANOVA P < 0.01). Infected @entity1 was present in 36 (68%). Fungal colonization of @entity1 was present in 5 (9%). Mortality in this subgroup was 80% (4 deaths). There was no association between bacterial colonization of @entity1 and @entity2 in this study (P = 0.77; Fisher exact test; relative risk 0.9,95% confidence interval 0.54-1.54). Twenty @entity0 (37%) required further surgical intervention with an average of 1.5 surgical procedures per @entity0 . Twenty-three @entity0 (43%) died. @entity0 survival to discharge was best predicted by admission APACHE-II score with relative risk of @entity2 increasing 14% for each unit increase in APACHE-II score at admission. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study illustrate that there is no place for complacency in the surgical management of @entity0 with severe acute @entity3 . A clinical governance approach would promote pre-defined protocols between admitting hospitals and tertiary referral centres. Future research should target new interventions in @entity0 with high admission APACHE-II scores in whom prognosis is particularly poor and explore the role of infection of @entity1 tissue.

title: Outcome of necrosectomy in acute XXXX : the case for continued vigilance.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity13 in Peru account for the second cause of mortality and @entity0 of the digestive tract rank the third place. It was therefore proposed to study the mortality rates for each digestive and @entity1 and establish their frequency and geographical distribution in Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diagnostic information was obtained from @entity4 certificates in the Information Technology and Statistics Office of the Ministry of Health (MINSA) from 1995 to 2000. Mortality rates were determined for 100,000 inhabitants. The rates obtained were classified in general figures for each year, dividing the data in three groups: non-tumoral digestive diseases (esophageal and @entity10 and pancreas diseases) @entity0 (esophageal and @entity10 and biliary tract, liver and @entity5 ) and @entity7 ( @entity11 , primary @entity2 and @entity3 ). The first five mortality causes were determined for each year for the national population, classifying them according to the disease types and heir geographical distribution by Department. RESULTS: The first five causes for each year are @entity11 (mortality rate: 6.53 - 10.64), malignant @entity0 (mortality rate: 8.7 - 10.36), liver and biliary tract @entity0 (mortality rate: 2.19 - 3.96), @entity8 (2.03 - 2.06), gall bladder @entity0 (1.66 - 1.7), @entity9 (1.60 - 1.75), and gastric ulcer (1.27). Amongst @entity0 , @entity6 has the highest mortality rate and @entity9 are within the top five causes of @entity4 . Amongst @entity7 , @entity11 has the highest mortality rate, which correlates with the high prevalence of @entity12 in certain areas of Peru. CONCLUSION: Amongst digestive diseases, the main causes of @entity4 in Peru are @entity11 , malignant @entity0 , liver metastases, gall bladder and pancreas and @entity8 . Thus, it is necessary to corroborate these findings with epidemiological studies.

title: [Mortality due to digestive and XXXX in Peru, 1995 - 2000].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 is a favourable prognostic factor in the radiotherapy of @entity2 , but the optimal radiotherapy regimen for HPV-positive @entity2 is not yet defined. Reducing overall treatment time is known to improve outcome in the radiotherapy of @entity2 as was also demonstrated in the randomised DAHANCA 6_7 trial. We aimed to assess the influence of @entity1 HPV-status, expressed by @entity3 , on the response to accelerated fractionated radiotherapy in @entity2 through evaluation of the DAHANCA 6_7 trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical detection of HPV-associated @entity3 -expression was performed on FFPE-pre-treatment @entity1 -tissues from 794 @entity0 enrolled in the DAHANCA 6_7 trial. The influence of @entity1 @entity3 -status on loco-regional @entity1 control and survival as a function of fractionation schedule (5Fx/week vs 6Fx/week) was evaluated 5years after the completion of radiotherapy. RESULTS: The significant and independent prognostic value of @entity1 @entity3 -positivity in @entity2 radiotherapy was confirmed, with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 0.58 [0.43-0.78], 0.47 [0.33-0.67] and 0.54 [0.42-0.68] for loco-regional control, disease-specific and overall survival, respectively. Accelerated radiotherapy significantly improved loco-regional @entity1 control compared to conventional radiotherapy, adjusted HR: 0.73 [0.59-0.92] and the benefit of the 6Fx/week regimen was observed both in @entity3 -positive (HR: 0.56 [0.33-0.96]) as well as in @entity3 -negative @entity1 (HR: 0.77 [0.60-0.99]). Disease-specific survival was also significantly improved with accelerated radiotherapy in the group of @entity3 -positive @entity1 (adjusted HR: 0.43 [0.22-0.82]). CONCLUSION: Accelerated radiotherapy significantly improves outcome in @entity2 compared to conventional fractionation. The observed benefit is independent of @entity1 @entity3 -status and the use of a moderately accelerated radiotherapy regimen seems advantageous also for HPV/ @entity3 -positive @entity2 .

title: The influence of HPV-associated XXXX -expression on accelerated fractionated radiotherapy in head and neck cancer: evaluation of the randomised DAHANCA 6_7 trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the present study, we observed the effects of an a(1)-adrenoceptor agonist ( @entity2 ), b-adrenoceptor agonist ( @entity3 ), muscarinic cholinoceptor agonist ( @entity4 ), and a(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist ( @entity5 ) on the bladder micturition function in anesthetized @entity0 . Changes in bladder pressure in response to filling and blood pressure were recorded by using a data acquisition system. @entity2 (50 to 800  g/kg) increased vesical micturition pressure in a dose-dependent manner but increased micturition basal pressure only at 800  g/kg. @entity4 (3 to 7  g/kg) increased the intercontraction interval and micturition time in a dose-dependent manner but increased micturition basal pressure only at 7  g/kg. @entity3 (10 to 1000  g/kg) increased micturition time and decreased vesical micturition pressure in a dose-dependent manner. @entity5 (10 to 1000  g/kg) did not affect bladder micturition function but dose-dependently inhibited @entity2 -induced increases in vesical micturition pressure. @entity4 (7  g/kg) and @entity3 (1 mg/kg) caused a transient fall in blood pressure, whereas @entity5 (1 mg/kg) had a long-lasting @entity1 effect. The maximal decrease in systolic and mean blood pressure by @entity4 did not differ from that by @entity5 and @entity3 , respectively. @entity2 (800  g/kg) transiently increased the blood pressure of anesthetized @entity0 . These results indicate that activation of muscarinic cholinoceptors decreases voiding frequency and increases bladder capacity in anesthetized @entity0 . Activation of a(1)-adrenoceptors mainly increases vesical micturition pressure, whereas activation of b-adrenoceptors decreases vesical micturition pressure and prolongs micturition time in anesthetized @entity0 .

title: Pharmacologic characteristics of bladder micturition function in anesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Reports from developing countries indicate that a rise in the socioeconomic level is a risk factor for @entity1 . We aimed to assess the indices of @entity0 , @entity4 , and @entity5 resistance among fairly literate healthy adults in a multidisciplinary institution in Trinidad. The study included 156 volunteers (46 males and 110 females, 17-40 years old). The subjects provided information on age, ethnicity, educational attainment, and occupation in self-administered, closed-ended questionnaires. Waist and hip circumferences (cm), weight (kg), and height (m) were measured. Fasting blood samples were taken for @entity2 , @entity5 , and lipid determinations in 78 subjects who volunteered for laboratory measurements. @entity5 resistance was determined with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Of the 156 subjects studied, 83% had received tertiary education, and had no previous record of body mass index (BMI); 8% were @entity0 , 17% were overweight, and 27% were underweight. Laboratory measurements in 78 subjects revealed 28% @entity3 and 20% @entity6 . There were no significant gender-related differences in these prevalence rates (P>0.05). The identification of @entity0 , underweight, @entity6 , and @entity3 in this healthy population suggests that screening for the indices of @entity1 in a healthy population would be potentially useful for the early identification and treatment of @entity1 .

title: Indices of XXXX , @entity4 , and @entity5 resistance in apparently healthy Caribbean subjects.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Reports from developing countries indicate that a rise in the socioeconomic level is a risk factor for @entity1 . We aimed to assess the indices of @entity0 , @entity4 , and @entity5 resistance among fairly literate healthy adults in a multidisciplinary institution in Trinidad. The study included 156 volunteers (46 males and 110 females, 17-40 years old). The subjects provided information on age, ethnicity, educational attainment, and occupation in self-administered, closed-ended questionnaires. Waist and hip circumferences (cm), weight (kg), and height (m) were measured. Fasting blood samples were taken for @entity2 , @entity5 , and lipid determinations in 78 subjects who volunteered for laboratory measurements. @entity5 resistance was determined with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Of the 156 subjects studied, 83% had received tertiary education, and had no previous record of body mass index (BMI); 8% were @entity0 , 17% were overweight, and 27% were underweight. Laboratory measurements in 78 subjects revealed 28% @entity3 and 20% @entity6 . There were no significant gender-related differences in these prevalence rates (P>0.05). The identification of @entity0 , underweight, @entity6 , and @entity3 in this healthy population suggests that screening for the indices of @entity1 in a healthy population would be potentially useful for the early identification and treatment of @entity1 .

title: Indices of @entity0 , XXXX , and @entity5 resistance in apparently healthy Caribbean subjects.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Reports from developing countries indicate that a rise in the socioeconomic level is a risk factor for @entity1 . We aimed to assess the indices of @entity0 , @entity4 , and @entity5 resistance among fairly literate healthy adults in a multidisciplinary institution in Trinidad. The study included 156 volunteers (46 males and 110 females, 17-40 years old). The subjects provided information on age, ethnicity, educational attainment, and occupation in self-administered, closed-ended questionnaires. Waist and hip circumferences (cm), weight (kg), and height (m) were measured. Fasting blood samples were taken for @entity2 , @entity5 , and lipid determinations in 78 subjects who volunteered for laboratory measurements. @entity5 resistance was determined with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Of the 156 subjects studied, 83% had received tertiary education, and had no previous record of body mass index (BMI); 8% were @entity0 , 17% were overweight, and 27% were underweight. Laboratory measurements in 78 subjects revealed 28% @entity3 and 20% @entity6 . There were no significant gender-related differences in these prevalence rates (P>0.05). The identification of @entity0 , underweight, @entity6 , and @entity3 in this healthy population suggests that screening for the indices of @entity1 in a healthy population would be potentially useful for the early identification and treatment of @entity1 .

title: Indices of @entity0 , @entity4 , and XXXX resistance in apparently healthy Caribbean subjects.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Cyclooxygenase(COX) is a rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis. Recent study suggested that @entity4 was associated with @entity2 . This study was designed to investigate the role of COX in the development and progression of @entity3 through examining the expression of @entity6 and @entity4 in @entity0 @entity3 tissue, normal bladder mucosa, and @entity5 tissue. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry(Envision method) were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression of @entity6 and @entity4 in @entity3 (BTCC), tissue adjacent to @entity3 , and chronic @entity5 tissue. Furthermore, the relationship between COX expression level and @entity1 pathologic parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: Using RT-PCR, all 15 frozen specimens from @entity3 were shown to express @entity4 mRNA, while only 1 of 5 specimens from grossly normal mucosa adjacent to @entity1 expressed @entity4 mRNA, with significant difference. But @entity6 mRNA was expressed constitutionally in all of the fresh @entity1 tissue samples. The immunohistochemical result was analogous to RT-PCR result. @entity4 protein was mainly localized at cytoplasm of malignant cell (positive rate was 50%) but was not expressed in normal bladder mucosa (n = 4) and chronic @entity5 tissues (n = 5). In contrast, @entity6 protein was mainly localized at smooth muscle cell of normal tissue and @entity5 tissue(positive rate was 100%) but was not expressed in @entity1 tissue. In 40 paraffin embedded specimens of BTCC, the intensity of @entity4 expression was associated with @entity1 grade and stage. The level of @entity4 expression was higher in grade III @entity1 , than in grade I, II @entity1 , and was higher in invasive @entity1 (T2-T4) than in superficial @entity1 (Ta-T1). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of @entity4 mRNA and protein was enhanced in @entity0 BTCC, and was associated with the @entity1 , indicating that @entity4 may play a key role in the development and progression of BTCC.

title: [Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in @entity0 transitional cell XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Cyclooxygenase(COX) is a rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis. Recent study suggested that @entity4 was associated with @entity2 . This study was designed to investigate the role of COX in the development and progression of @entity3 through examining the expression of @entity6 and @entity4 in @entity0 @entity3 tissue, normal bladder mucosa, and @entity5 tissue. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry(Envision method) were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression of @entity6 and @entity4 in @entity3 (BTCC), tissue adjacent to @entity3 , and chronic @entity5 tissue. Furthermore, the relationship between COX expression level and @entity1 pathologic parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: Using RT-PCR, all 15 frozen specimens from @entity3 were shown to express @entity4 mRNA, while only 1 of 5 specimens from grossly normal mucosa adjacent to @entity1 expressed @entity4 mRNA, with significant difference. But @entity6 mRNA was expressed constitutionally in all of the fresh @entity1 tissue samples. The immunohistochemical result was analogous to RT-PCR result. @entity4 protein was mainly localized at cytoplasm of malignant cell (positive rate was 50%) but was not expressed in normal bladder mucosa (n = 4) and chronic @entity5 tissues (n = 5). In contrast, @entity6 protein was mainly localized at smooth muscle cell of normal tissue and @entity5 tissue(positive rate was 100%) but was not expressed in @entity1 tissue. In 40 paraffin embedded specimens of BTCC, the intensity of @entity4 expression was associated with @entity1 grade and stage. The level of @entity4 expression was higher in grade III @entity1 , than in grade I, II @entity1 , and was higher in invasive @entity1 (T2-T4) than in superficial @entity1 (Ta-T1). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of @entity4 mRNA and protein was enhanced in @entity0 BTCC, and was associated with the @entity1 , indicating that @entity4 may play a key role in the development and progression of BTCC.

title: [Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in XXXX transitional cell @entity3 ].

answer: @entity0