abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is the leading cause of @entity4 and disability in @entity0 and can lead to a wide range of impairments. Brain imaging methods such as DTI (diffusion tensor imaging) are uniquely sensitive to the white matter (WM) damage that is common in @entity3 . However, higher-level analyses using tractography are complicated by the damage and decreased FA (fractional anisotropy) characteristic of @entity3 , which can result in premature tract endings. We used the newly developed autoMATE (automated multi-atlas tract extraction) method to identify differences in WM integrity. 63 pediatric @entity0 aged 8-19  years with moderate/severe @entity3 were examined with cross sectional scanning at one or two time points after injury: a post-acute assessment 1-5  months @entity2 and a chronic assessment 13-19  months @entity2 . A battery of cognitive function tests was performed in the same time periods. 56 @entity0 were examined in the first phase, 28 @entity3 @entity0 and 28 healthy controls. In the second phase 34 @entity0 were studied, 17 @entity3 @entity0 and 17 controls (27 @entity0 completed both post-acute and chronic phases). We did not find any significant group differences in the post-acute phase. Chronically, we found extensive group differences, mainly for mean and radial diffusivity ( @entity5 and RD). In the chronic phase, we found higher @entity5 and RD across a wide range of WM. Additionally, we found correlations between these WM integrity measures and @entity1 . This suggests a distributed pattern of WM disruption that continues over the first year following a @entity3 in @entity0 .

title: White matter disruption in moderate/severe pediatric XXXX : advanced tract-based analyses.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Type II pneumocytes are the stem cells for the alveolar epithelium, proliferating and differentiating into type I cells during lung growth or after injury. The pattern of cytokeratin expression by type II cells in vitro has been linked to the state of differentiation of these cells. In particular, @entity3 expression has been associated with the type II cell phenotype. We now examine the roles of cell shape and cell-cell interactions in the regulation of cytokeratin expression by @entity0 type II cells in vitro. Type II cell spreading and intercellular contacts were modulated by seeding cultures at high or low density (3.5 or 0.5 x 10(5) cells/cm2). When cultured at high density, cells demonstrated increased @entity3 protein synthesis and diminished @entity2 protein synthesis compared with highly spread cells at low density. This effect was a reflection of changes in the abundance of mRNAs for the individual cytokeratins. Alveolar epithelial cells at high density also formed extensive desmosomes between the cells. Desmosome formation was significantly decreased when cells were seeded at low density or in reduced (0.05 mM) @entity1 medium. @entity3 mRNA and protein expression were also significantly decreased when desmosome formation was inhibited in reduced @entity1 medium, while @entity1 content of the medium had little effect on @entity2 . These studies suggest that type II cell expression of @entity3 , a differentiation-related cytokeratin, is regulated by factors influencing cell shape and intercellular contacts between epithelial cells. They further suggest that cell-cell interactions between epithelial cells may play a role in the modulation of epithelial cell phenotype.

title: Regulation of cytokeratin expression in XXXX lung alveolar epithelial cells in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of the vagal blocker @entity2 on the fractal nature of @entity0 heart rate variability (HRV) at rest. Approximately 10-min segments of beat-to-beat heartbeat intervals, i.e., HRV, of 10 normal subjects and 11 @entity1 @entity0 were measured before and after intravenous injection of 0.5-0.75 mg @entity2 . HRV data were analyzed by coarse graining spectral analysis (Y. Yamamoto and R. L. Hughson, Physica 68D: 250-264, 1993) to break down their total power into harmonic and nonharmonic (fractal) components. The harmonic component was used to calculate the contribution of high (> 0.15 Hz)-frequency components to total HRV power (%HF). From the fractal component, the contribution of the @entity1 (%fractal), the spectral exponent beta, and Hurst scaling exponent (H) were calculated. For both normal subjects and cardiac @entity0 , @entity2 resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) less mean HRV and significantly (P < 0.05) greater beta compared with control, whereas mean values for %fractal were as high as 70% and were not significantly (P > 0.05) different between @entity2 and control. The mean value of H with @entity2 was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that for control. Directional changes in %HF and beta were consistent with only one exception for a @entity0 who had the smallest change in log %HF by @entity2 . The normally irregular fractal pattern of resting HRV was decreased by @entity2 as shown by the decrease in %HF and the increase in beta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: On the fractal nature of heart rate variability in XXXX : effects of vagal blockade.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In older adults, @entity2 has been positively associated with @entity1 and impaired metabolic health, additional to low moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Further to the total time spent in @entity2 , the manner in which it is accumulated - number of continuous sedentary bouts of different extends - may also be relevant. The association for objectively measured uninterrupted sedentary bouts and respective patterns with @entity3 in older adults was examined. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Community-based older @entity0 were recruited in each region of Portugal. Data collection was performed between September, 2007 and May, 2009. @entity0 : 351 older adults (230 @entity0 ) mean age of 75-years. MEASUREMENTS: Sedentary time was measured by an accelerometer (counts/minute <100), worn during waking hours for four consecutive days. Continuous sedentary bouts of 5<min<10, 10< min<20, 20< min<30, 30< min<60, >60 length were treated (counts/minute <100). @entity3 was defined by waist circumference ( @entity0 >102 cm; @entity0 >88 cm). RESULTS: There were positive and escalating linear associations for the continuum of sedentary bouts' lengths with waist circumference. Logistic regression showed that for each additional sedentary bout of 10< min<20 the odds of being abdominally obese increased by 6.8% (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.13) up to 48% (OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.07 - 2.03) for each 1-hour sedentary bout increment, after controlling for age, gender, total sedentary time, MVPA time, total wear time, movement counts within the sedentary bouts, socio-demographic and other behavioral attributes, and medical history. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate positive graded associations for continuous sedentary bouts with @entity3 . Public health recommendations regarding breaking up sedentary time more often, potentially avoiding very prolonged bouts of sedentary time, are expected to be relevant for older adults.

title: Sedentary Bout Durations Are Associated with XXXX in Older Adults.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We describe a case of effective use of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided drainage of an infected @entity5 ( @entity5 ) of the liver. The @entity0 was an 84-year-old @entity0 who was admitted with complaints of continuous @entity4 and a slight fever. Laboratory data revealed severe @entity2 . Computed tomography scanning showed a 110-mm @entity6 with enhanced @entity1 in the medial segment of the liver associated with a cyst in the right lobe and subcapsular @entity3 . Streptococcus species were detected in the culture of cystic fluid, and a diagnosis of infected @entity5 was suspected. Although the @entity0 was medicated by antibiotics, the fever did not resolve. EUS-guided transgastric drainage was performed for the abscess of the medial segment of the liver. Fourteen days after the endoscopic procedure, the plastic drainage tube was replaced with a metal stent. Inserting an endoscope into the liver cyst through the metal stent permitted observation and biopsy of an @entity1 , and the diagnosis of @entity5 was confirmed. The @entity0 was discharged with the internal metal stent still in place.

title: Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided drainage of infected XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The authors aim to investigate the incidence and severity of @entity2 in adolescent pregnancies (age under 17 years) and to evaluate the outcome of pregnancy and birth in this @entity0 . With this purpose we compare obstetric and neonatal results in 528 adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years with the results of a control group of mothers aged between 20 and 24 years. We used clinical observation, laboratory findings, instrumental diagnostics and scoring systems. Data were computer-processed. @entity2 and @entity3 was diagnosed in 17 cases (3.22%), with mild forms prevailing (2.46%). Eclampsia developed in 4 pregnant (0.76%)-an incidence differing from that cited in the literature. We are impressed by the outmost severity of @entity3 in the adolescents, with 1 case of fatal outcome. Seven of the newborns were retarded. The most frequent indications to caesarean section were placental ablation and @entity1 . Operative delivery was performed in 41.18%. One case of foetal antenatal death and one death in the early neonatal period were observed, both in mothers with @entity3 . The authors conclude that the incidence of @entity2 and @entity3 in adolescents is lower than in general obstetric population, but if @entity3 develops, it is fulminant and in some cases is fatal for the mother or the foetus. This grave prognosis may be related to inappropriate antenatal care in this @entity0 group.

title: [Adolescent pregnancy and the development of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cells respond to mechanical cues from the substrate to which they are attached. These mechanical cues drive cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Previous studies have highlighted three specific mechanisms through which substrate stiffness directly alters cell function: increasing stiffness drives (1) larger contractile forces; (2) increased cell spreading and size; and (3) altered nuclear deformation. While studies have shown that substrate mechanics are an important cue, the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has largely been ignored. The ECM is a crucial component of the mechanosensing system for two reasons: (1) many ECM fibrils are assembled by application of cell-generated forces, and (2) ECM proteins have unique mechanical properties that will undoubtedly alter the local stiffness sensed by a cell. We specifically focused on the role of the ECM protein @entity1 ( @entity1 ), which plays a critical role in de novo tissue production. In this study, we first measured the effects of substrate stiffness on @entity0 embryonic fibroblasts by plating cells onto microfabricated pillar arrays (MPAs) of varying stiffness. Cells responded to increasing substrate stiffness by generating larger forces, spreading to larger sizes, and altering nuclear geometry. These cells also assembled @entity1 fibrils across all stiffnesses, with optimal assembly occurring at approximately 6 kPa. We then inhibited @entity1 assembly, which resulted in dramatic reductions in contractile force generation, cell spreading, and nuclear geometry across all stiffnesses. These findings suggest that @entity1 fibrils play a critical role in facilitating cellular responses to substrate stiffness.

title: Fibronectin fibrillogenesis facilitates mechano-dependent cell spreading, force generation, and nuclear size in XXXX embryonic fibroblasts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Multiple European studies report increased prevalence of selective @entity6 (SIgAD) and partial @entity6 (PIgAD) in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 . However; prospective data representing North American adults are lacking. While SIgAD precludes the use of IgA-tissue-transglutaminase antibody (IgA-tTG), the effect of PIgAD on IgA-tTG sensitivity is not well documented. We aim to determine the prevalence and impact of @entity7 on @entity5 presentation and diagnosis in North American adult @entity0 . METHODS: We reviewed 1000 consecutive @entity0 undergoing IgA-tTG testing and 243 healthy controls. Eligible sera were tested for IgA-tTG, serum immunoglobulins and IgA/IgG-Deamidated Gliadin Peptide (IgA/IgG-DGP). RESULTS: Prevalence of SIgAD was marginally higher in @entity5 @entity0 (1.9%) compared with healthy controls (0.4%, p   =   0.24) and non- @entity5 @entity0 (0.7% p   =   0.173). Prevalence of PIGAD was similar in @entity5 @entity0 (4.8%) compared with healthy controls (5.9% p   =   0.57) and non- @entity5 @entity0 (7.2% p   =   0.22). 1 (16.7%) of 6 @entity5 @entity0 with SIgAD and all 15 (100%) with PIGAD tested IgA-tTG positive prior to GFD initiation. @entity5 @entity0 with SIGAD showed lower frequency of @entity4 (33% vs 82% p   =   0.01) and more co-morbid @entity3 (67% vs 23% p   =   0.03) when compared to @entity5 @entity0 with normal IgA. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of SIgAD in North American @entity5 @entity0 is comparable with European data but not significantly different than control populations. @entity5 @entity0 with SIgAD exhibit decreased IgA-tTG sensitivity and lack of @entity2 . PIgAD is common in @entity0 with @entity1 but does not alter @entity5 presentation or IgA-tTG sensitivity.

title: @entity6 in XXXX in the United States.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Multiple European studies report increased prevalence of selective @entity6 (SIgAD) and partial @entity6 (PIgAD) in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 . However; prospective data representing North American adults are lacking. While SIgAD precludes the use of IgA-tissue-transglutaminase antibody (IgA-tTG), the effect of PIgAD on IgA-tTG sensitivity is not well documented. We aim to determine the prevalence and impact of @entity7 on @entity5 presentation and diagnosis in North American adult @entity0 . METHODS: We reviewed 1000 consecutive @entity0 undergoing IgA-tTG testing and 243 healthy controls. Eligible sera were tested for IgA-tTG, serum immunoglobulins and IgA/IgG-Deamidated Gliadin Peptide (IgA/IgG-DGP). RESULTS: Prevalence of SIgAD was marginally higher in @entity5 @entity0 (1.9%) compared with healthy controls (0.4%, p   =   0.24) and non- @entity5 @entity0 (0.7% p   =   0.173). Prevalence of PIGAD was similar in @entity5 @entity0 (4.8%) compared with healthy controls (5.9% p   =   0.57) and non- @entity5 @entity0 (7.2% p   =   0.22). 1 (16.7%) of 6 @entity5 @entity0 with SIgAD and all 15 (100%) with PIGAD tested IgA-tTG positive prior to GFD initiation. @entity5 @entity0 with SIGAD showed lower frequency of @entity4 (33% vs 82% p   =   0.01) and more co-morbid @entity3 (67% vs 23% p   =   0.03) when compared to @entity5 @entity0 with normal IgA. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of SIgAD in North American @entity5 @entity0 is comparable with European data but not significantly different than control populations. @entity5 @entity0 with SIgAD exhibit decreased IgA-tTG sensitivity and lack of @entity2 . PIgAD is common in @entity0 with @entity1 but does not alter @entity5 presentation or IgA-tTG sensitivity.

title: XXXX in @entity5 in the United States.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is an @entity2 with dismal results of surgical treatment mainly because of advanced stage at presentation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether aggressive surgical treatment can be associated with reasonable survival for @entity0 with @entity3 at acceptable morbidity and mortality. METHODS: A total of 113 @entity0 with proven or presumptive diagnosis of @entity3 were recruited prospectively over a period of 2  years and evaluated for diagnosis and @entity1 by appropriate investigations. Seven out of 113 @entity0 were found to have benign pathology either intraoperatively or on histopathological examination hence excluded from follow-up and survival analysis. Out of 32 potentially resectable @entity0 , only 21 @entity0 could finally be resected with curative intent. @entity0 found unresectable/metastatic disease intraoperatively (n   =   11) were treated with palliative chemotherapy if eligible for the same. Short-term morbidity, perioperative mortality, disease-free survival (DFS), and median overall survival (OS) of surgically resected @entity0 were analyzed. Median OS of resected @entity0 was compared with that of unresectable @entity0 . RESULTS: Overall resectability rate in this study cohort was 19.8  % (21/106). Overall mortality was 4.7  % and morbidity was 42.8  %. Stage distribution of resected @entity0 was as follows: stage II (3), stage IIIA (9), stage IIIB (8), and stage IVA (1). DFS at 12 and 18  months was found to be 82.5 and 73.3  %, respectively. Mean DFS was 19.9  months (SE 1.42, 95  % CI). Mean OS for resected @entity0 was 21  months and that for unresectable @entity0 was 11.3  months only. Both groups were compared using log rank (Mantel-cox) test and statistically significant difference in OS was observed (p value <0.0001). CONCLUSION: Since curative resection is the only chance of cure, aggressive surgical approach adopted by us is justified with acceptable mortality and morbidity and encouraging overall survival.

title: Aggressive Surgical Approach for XXXX : a Single-Center Experience from Northern India.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a chronic idiopathic @entity2 considered to occur in association with @entity1 . Data on the frequency of this association, however, are inconsistent. Our aim was to retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of @entity0 diagnosed with @entity4 at our hospital and to investigate the association with @entity1 and other diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a chart review of all @entity0 with a clinical and histologic diagnosis of @entity4 treated and followed in the dermatology department of Hospital de Bellvitge in Barcelona, Spain between 1987 and 2013. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity0 (6 @entity0 and 29 @entity0 with a mean age of 47.20 years) were diagnosed with @entity4 in the study period. At the time of diagnosis, 31 @entity0 had pretibial lesions. Thirteen @entity0 (37%) had a single lesion at diagnosis, and the mean number of lesions was 3.37. Twenty-three @entity0 (65.71%) had @entity1 (type 1 in 10 cases and type 2 in 13). In 20 @entity0 , onset of @entity1 preceded that of @entity4 by a mean of 135.70 months. The 2 conditions were diagnosed simultaneously in 3 @entity0 . None of the 35 @entity0 developed @entity1 during follow-up. Six @entity0 had @entity3 , and 4 of these also had type 1 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 is frequently associated with type 1 and 2 @entity1 . Although @entity1 tends to develop before @entity4 , it can occur simultaneously.

title: XXXX : A Descriptive Study of 35 Cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a major public health problem affecting predominantly older adults. Nonadherence to diet remains a significant contributor to @entity7 ( @entity6 ). The @entity8 -restricted Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity2 (DASH/SRD) eating @entity1 that can lead to @entity6 and is consistent with current @entity7 guidelines. We propose that an intervention that promotes adherence to the DASH/SRD by home-delivering meals will be safe and improve health-related quality of life (QOL) in older adults after hospitalization for @entity6 . METHODS/DESIGN: This is a 3-center, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial of 12-week duration designed to determine the safety and efficacy of home-delivered DASH/SRD-compliant meals in older adults after discharge from @entity6 hospitalization. Sixty-six subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 stratified fashion by gender and left ventricular ejection fraction (<50% vs >= 50%). Study subjects will receive either preprepared, home-delivered DASH/SRD-compliant meals or usual dietary advice for 4weeks after hospital discharge. Investigators will be blinded to group assignment, food diaries, and urinary electrolyte measurements until study completion. The primary efficacy end point is the change in the Kansas @entity4 Questionnaire summary scores for health-related QOL from study enrollment to 4weeks postdischarge. Safety evaluation will focus on @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity9 . Exploratory end points include echocardiography, noninvasive vascular testing, markers of oxidative stress, and salt taste sensitivity. CONCLUSION: This randomized controlled trial will test the efficacy, feasibility, and safety of 4weeks of DASH/SRD after @entity6 hospitalization. By testing a novel dietary intervention supported by multiple levels of evidence including preliminary data in outpatients with stable @entity7 , we will address a critical evidence gap in the care of older @entity0 with @entity6 . If effective and safe, this intervention could be scaled to assess effects on readmission and healthcare costs in older adults after @entity6 .

title: Evaluating the safety and efficacy of @entity8 -restricted/Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity2 diet after acute decompensated XXXX hospitalization: design and rationale for the Geriatric OUt of hospital Randomized MEal Trial in @entity7 (GOURMET- @entity7 ).

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a major public health problem affecting predominantly older adults. Nonadherence to diet remains a significant contributor to @entity7 ( @entity6 ). The @entity8 -restricted Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity2 (DASH/SRD) eating @entity1 that can lead to @entity6 and is consistent with current @entity7 guidelines. We propose that an intervention that promotes adherence to the DASH/SRD by home-delivering meals will be safe and improve health-related quality of life (QOL) in older adults after hospitalization for @entity6 . METHODS/DESIGN: This is a 3-center, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial of 12-week duration designed to determine the safety and efficacy of home-delivered DASH/SRD-compliant meals in older adults after discharge from @entity6 hospitalization. Sixty-six subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 stratified fashion by gender and left ventricular ejection fraction (<50% vs >= 50%). Study subjects will receive either preprepared, home-delivered DASH/SRD-compliant meals or usual dietary advice for 4weeks after hospital discharge. Investigators will be blinded to group assignment, food diaries, and urinary electrolyte measurements until study completion. The primary efficacy end point is the change in the Kansas @entity4 Questionnaire summary scores for health-related QOL from study enrollment to 4weeks postdischarge. Safety evaluation will focus on @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity9 . Exploratory end points include echocardiography, noninvasive vascular testing, markers of oxidative stress, and salt taste sensitivity. CONCLUSION: This randomized controlled trial will test the efficacy, feasibility, and safety of 4weeks of DASH/SRD after @entity6 hospitalization. By testing a novel dietary intervention supported by multiple levels of evidence including preliminary data in outpatients with stable @entity7 , we will address a critical evidence gap in the care of older @entity0 with @entity6 . If effective and safe, this intervention could be scaled to assess effects on readmission and healthcare costs in older adults after @entity6 .

title: Evaluating the safety and efficacy of @entity8 -restricted/Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity2 diet after acute decompensated @entity7 hospitalization: design and rationale for the Geriatric OUt of hospital Randomized MEal Trial in XXXX (GOURMET- @entity7 ).

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a major public health problem affecting predominantly older adults. Nonadherence to diet remains a significant contributor to @entity7 ( @entity6 ). The @entity8 -restricted Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity2 (DASH/SRD) eating @entity1 that can lead to @entity6 and is consistent with current @entity7 guidelines. We propose that an intervention that promotes adherence to the DASH/SRD by home-delivering meals will be safe and improve health-related quality of life (QOL) in older adults after hospitalization for @entity6 . METHODS/DESIGN: This is a 3-center, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial of 12-week duration designed to determine the safety and efficacy of home-delivered DASH/SRD-compliant meals in older adults after discharge from @entity6 hospitalization. Sixty-six subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 stratified fashion by gender and left ventricular ejection fraction (<50% vs >= 50%). Study subjects will receive either preprepared, home-delivered DASH/SRD-compliant meals or usual dietary advice for 4weeks after hospital discharge. Investigators will be blinded to group assignment, food diaries, and urinary electrolyte measurements until study completion. The primary efficacy end point is the change in the Kansas @entity4 Questionnaire summary scores for health-related QOL from study enrollment to 4weeks postdischarge. Safety evaluation will focus on @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity9 . Exploratory end points include echocardiography, noninvasive vascular testing, markers of oxidative stress, and salt taste sensitivity. CONCLUSION: This randomized controlled trial will test the efficacy, feasibility, and safety of 4weeks of DASH/SRD after @entity6 hospitalization. By testing a novel dietary intervention supported by multiple levels of evidence including preliminary data in outpatients with stable @entity7 , we will address a critical evidence gap in the care of older @entity0 with @entity6 . If effective and safe, this intervention could be scaled to assess effects on readmission and healthcare costs in older adults after @entity6 .

title: Evaluating the safety and efficacy of @entity8 -restricted/Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity2 diet after acute decompensated @entity7 hospitalization: design and rationale for the Geriatric OUt of hospital Randomized MEal Trial in @entity7 (GOURMET- XXXX ).

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a major public health problem affecting predominantly older adults. Nonadherence to diet remains a significant contributor to @entity7 ( @entity6 ). The @entity8 -restricted Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity2 (DASH/SRD) eating @entity1 that can lead to @entity6 and is consistent with current @entity7 guidelines. We propose that an intervention that promotes adherence to the DASH/SRD by home-delivering meals will be safe and improve health-related quality of life (QOL) in older adults after hospitalization for @entity6 . METHODS/DESIGN: This is a 3-center, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial of 12-week duration designed to determine the safety and efficacy of home-delivered DASH/SRD-compliant meals in older adults after discharge from @entity6 hospitalization. Sixty-six subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 stratified fashion by gender and left ventricular ejection fraction (<50% vs >= 50%). Study subjects will receive either preprepared, home-delivered DASH/SRD-compliant meals or usual dietary advice for 4weeks after hospital discharge. Investigators will be blinded to group assignment, food diaries, and urinary electrolyte measurements until study completion. The primary efficacy end point is the change in the Kansas @entity4 Questionnaire summary scores for health-related QOL from study enrollment to 4weeks postdischarge. Safety evaluation will focus on @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity9 . Exploratory end points include echocardiography, noninvasive vascular testing, markers of oxidative stress, and salt taste sensitivity. CONCLUSION: This randomized controlled trial will test the efficacy, feasibility, and safety of 4weeks of DASH/SRD after @entity6 hospitalization. By testing a novel dietary intervention supported by multiple levels of evidence including preliminary data in outpatients with stable @entity7 , we will address a critical evidence gap in the care of older @entity0 with @entity6 . If effective and safe, this intervention could be scaled to assess effects on readmission and healthcare costs in older adults after @entity6 .

title: Evaluating the safety and efficacy of @entity8 -restricted/Dietary Approaches to Stop XXXX diet after acute decompensated @entity7 hospitalization: design and rationale for the Geriatric OUt of hospital Randomized MEal Trial in @entity7 (GOURMET- @entity7 ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a major public health problem affecting predominantly older adults. Nonadherence to diet remains a significant contributor to @entity7 ( @entity6 ). The @entity8 -restricted Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity2 (DASH/SRD) eating @entity1 that can lead to @entity6 and is consistent with current @entity7 guidelines. We propose that an intervention that promotes adherence to the DASH/SRD by home-delivering meals will be safe and improve health-related quality of life (QOL) in older adults after hospitalization for @entity6 . METHODS/DESIGN: This is a 3-center, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial of 12-week duration designed to determine the safety and efficacy of home-delivered DASH/SRD-compliant meals in older adults after discharge from @entity6 hospitalization. Sixty-six subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 stratified fashion by gender and left ventricular ejection fraction (<50% vs >= 50%). Study subjects will receive either preprepared, home-delivered DASH/SRD-compliant meals or usual dietary advice for 4weeks after hospital discharge. Investigators will be blinded to group assignment, food diaries, and urinary electrolyte measurements until study completion. The primary efficacy end point is the change in the Kansas @entity4 Questionnaire summary scores for health-related QOL from study enrollment to 4weeks postdischarge. Safety evaluation will focus on @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity9 . Exploratory end points include echocardiography, noninvasive vascular testing, markers of oxidative stress, and salt taste sensitivity. CONCLUSION: This randomized controlled trial will test the efficacy, feasibility, and safety of 4weeks of DASH/SRD after @entity6 hospitalization. By testing a novel dietary intervention supported by multiple levels of evidence including preliminary data in outpatients with stable @entity7 , we will address a critical evidence gap in the care of older @entity0 with @entity6 . If effective and safe, this intervention could be scaled to assess effects on readmission and healthcare costs in older adults after @entity6 .

title: Evaluating the safety and efficacy of XXXX -restricted/Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity2 diet after acute decompensated @entity7 hospitalization: design and rationale for the Geriatric OUt of hospital Randomized MEal Trial in @entity7 (GOURMET- @entity7 ).

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: The thoracic surgery scoring system (Thoracoscore) is a multivariate scoring system with nine parameters used for predicting @entity4 after thoracic surgery. In clinical practice, the value of the thoracoscore in evaluating the fitness of individual @entity0 for surgery is not clear. OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to evaluate the performance of thoracoscore in evaluating fitness for @entity1 and compare it with cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPEX). METHODS: We retrospectively analysed data over a 2-year period from the CPEX database of @entity0 referred for preoperative assessment prior to @entity1 . RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity0 who had borderline lung function impairment had CPEX to assess fitness for surgery. Fifteen (68%) were deemed fit and went on to have thoracic surgery while 7 (32%) were considered high risk and were turned down. The predicted @entity3 rate based on thoracoscore for @entity0 who had surgery was 3.5    2.8 as compared to 3.4    2.0 for @entity0 who did not have surgery (p > 0.05). The mean peak VO2 (peak @entity2 uptake during CPEX) among those who had surgery was significantly higher than those who did not have surgery (14.2 mL/kg/min versus 10.1 mL/kg/min). There was no correlation of thoracoscore with lung function parameters, duration of hospital stay and peak VO2. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that CPEX remains a standard and useful tool for functional assessment prior to @entity1 resection. There is no correlation between thoracoscore and either CPEX or pulmonary function parameters. Thoracoscore should not be used to assess fitness for surgery.

title: Lack of Utility of Thoracoscore in Evaluating Fitness for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: All available beta-blockers are effective in the treatment of @entity1 . Differences in the pharmacokinetics are important as they can have an impact on their clinical use. @entity3 , a @entity2 -selective blocker has a long biological half-life which can control the blood pressure and pulse rate for 24 hours. The authors investigated 20 @entity0 with mild and medium severe @entity1 by out- @entity0 monitoring of the blood pressure. Treatment was focused on influencing the morning rise of blood pressure and pulse rate. The results confirm the effectiveness of @entity3 (Lokren) in the administered dose of 10-20 mg once per day. A favourable response was obtained in 75% when checked by a sphygmomanometer. The morning readings of blood pressure at 5, 6 and 7 o'clock following treatment did not exceed 90 mmHg diastolic pressure. It was also found that there is a statistically significant difference in the effect exerted on pressure and pulse rate in daytime, while the difference at nighttime is not significant. This mild reduction on blood pressure and pulse rate during the night is an advantage in particular in elderly @entity0 . Lokren treatment did not have any serious side-effects it did not affect laboratory values or ECG with the exception of the pulse rate.

title: [ @entity3 in the treatment of mild and medium XXXX --long-term effects].

answer: @entity1


abstract: All available beta-blockers are effective in the treatment of @entity1 . Differences in the pharmacokinetics are important as they can have an impact on their clinical use. @entity3 , a @entity2 -selective blocker has a long biological half-life which can control the blood pressure and pulse rate for 24 hours. The authors investigated 20 @entity0 with mild and medium severe @entity1 by out- @entity0 monitoring of the blood pressure. Treatment was focused on influencing the morning rise of blood pressure and pulse rate. The results confirm the effectiveness of @entity3 (Lokren) in the administered dose of 10-20 mg once per day. A favourable response was obtained in 75% when checked by a sphygmomanometer. The morning readings of blood pressure at 5, 6 and 7 o'clock following treatment did not exceed 90 mmHg diastolic pressure. It was also found that there is a statistically significant difference in the effect exerted on pressure and pulse rate in daytime, while the difference at nighttime is not significant. This mild reduction on blood pressure and pulse rate during the night is an advantage in particular in elderly @entity0 . Lokren treatment did not have any serious side-effects it did not affect laboratory values or ECG with the exception of the pulse rate.

title: [ XXXX in the treatment of mild and medium @entity1 --long-term effects].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Air pollutants from wildfires and @entity1 independently exacerbate @entity3 , yet no study has determined the combined effects of these 2 variables on @entity3 outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of 2 catastrophic wildfires affecting the Southern California region (in 2003 and 2007) on several @entity3 outcomes in a cohort of @entity0 . METHODS: To investigate the association between wildfire exposure and @entity3 outcomes, we stratified our study population by body mass index categories (underweight, normal, overweight, and @entity1 ) and @entity5 codes (to distinguish individuals who were closer to the fires vs farther away). The primary outcome was the prevalence of physician-dispensed short-acting b-agonist (SABAs). Secondary outcomes included the rate of emergency department visits and/or hospitalizations for @entity3 , the frequency of oral @entity2 use for @entity3 , and number of new diagnoses of @entity3 . RESULTS: A total of 2,195 and 3,965 asthmatic @entity0 were analyzed as part of our retrospective cohort during the 2003 and 2007 wildfires, respectively. @entity4 dispensing increased the most in the @entity1 group after the 2003 wildfires (P < .05). Increased prevalence of @entity4 dispensing was also noted in the @entity1 group in 2007, but this was not statistically higher than the increases seen in other body mass index groups. There was no observed increase in emergency department and/or hospitalization rates, oral @entity2 dispensing frequency, or new @entity3 diagnoses after either wildfire. CONCLUSION: Catastrophic wildfires lead to worsening @entity3 outcomes, particularly in @entity1 individuals. This study gives further evidence of a link between @entity1 and @entity3 severity and suggests that air pollutants released during wildfires can have substantial detrimental effects on @entity3 control.

title: Effect of catastrophic wildfires on asthmatic outcomes in XXXX @entity0 : breathing fire.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Air pollutants from wildfires and @entity1 independently exacerbate @entity3 , yet no study has determined the combined effects of these 2 variables on @entity3 outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of 2 catastrophic wildfires affecting the Southern California region (in 2003 and 2007) on several @entity3 outcomes in a cohort of @entity0 . METHODS: To investigate the association between wildfire exposure and @entity3 outcomes, we stratified our study population by body mass index categories (underweight, normal, overweight, and @entity1 ) and @entity5 codes (to distinguish individuals who were closer to the fires vs farther away). The primary outcome was the prevalence of physician-dispensed short-acting b-agonist (SABAs). Secondary outcomes included the rate of emergency department visits and/or hospitalizations for @entity3 , the frequency of oral @entity2 use for @entity3 , and number of new diagnoses of @entity3 . RESULTS: A total of 2,195 and 3,965 asthmatic @entity0 were analyzed as part of our retrospective cohort during the 2003 and 2007 wildfires, respectively. @entity4 dispensing increased the most in the @entity1 group after the 2003 wildfires (P < .05). Increased prevalence of @entity4 dispensing was also noted in the @entity1 group in 2007, but this was not statistically higher than the increases seen in other body mass index groups. There was no observed increase in emergency department and/or hospitalization rates, oral @entity2 dispensing frequency, or new @entity3 diagnoses after either wildfire. CONCLUSION: Catastrophic wildfires lead to worsening @entity3 outcomes, particularly in @entity1 individuals. This study gives further evidence of a link between @entity1 and @entity3 severity and suggests that air pollutants released during wildfires can have substantial detrimental effects on @entity3 control.

title: Effect of catastrophic wildfires on asthmatic outcomes in @entity1 XXXX : breathing fire.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: These studies investigated cytokine and chemokine receptor profiles in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, and the effects of receptor stimulation on mRNA levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, degrading enzymes and cytokine and chemokine expression. METHOD: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to localise expression of @entity1 , @entity10 , @entity6 and @entity7 in @entity0 NP tissue samples. Effects of cytokine and chemokine stimulation was performed to investigate effects related to ECM remodelling and modulation of cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression. RESULTS: IHC identified @entity1 , @entity10 , @entity6 and @entity7 expression by NP cells. Differential expression profiles were observed for @entity1 and @entity7 in tissue samples from degenerate and infiltrated IVDs. In  vitro stimulations of primary @entity0 NP cultures with @entity11 , @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity8 or @entity3 did not identify any modulatory effects on parameters associated with ECM remodelling or expression of other cytokines and chemokines. Conversely, @entity4 was seen to modulate ECM remodelling and expression of all other cytokines and chemokines investigated. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for the first time that NP cells express a number of cytokine and chemokine receptors and thus could respond in an autocrine or paracrine manner to cytokines and chemokines produced by NP cells, particularly during @entity2 . However, this study failed to demonstrate regulatory effects on ECM genes and degradative enzymes or other cytokines and chemokines for any target investigated, with the exception of @entity4 . This suggests that @entity4 is a master regulator within the IVD and may exert regulatory potential over a plethora of other cytokines and chemokines.

title: Potential roles of cytokines and chemokines in @entity0 intervertebral disc degeneration: XXXX is a master regulator of catabolic processes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: These studies investigated cytokine and chemokine receptor profiles in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, and the effects of receptor stimulation on mRNA levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, degrading enzymes and cytokine and chemokine expression. METHOD: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to localise expression of @entity1 , @entity10 , @entity6 and @entity7 in @entity0 NP tissue samples. Effects of cytokine and chemokine stimulation was performed to investigate effects related to ECM remodelling and modulation of cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression. RESULTS: IHC identified @entity1 , @entity10 , @entity6 and @entity7 expression by NP cells. Differential expression profiles were observed for @entity1 and @entity7 in tissue samples from degenerate and infiltrated IVDs. In  vitro stimulations of primary @entity0 NP cultures with @entity11 , @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity8 or @entity3 did not identify any modulatory effects on parameters associated with ECM remodelling or expression of other cytokines and chemokines. Conversely, @entity4 was seen to modulate ECM remodelling and expression of all other cytokines and chemokines investigated. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for the first time that NP cells express a number of cytokine and chemokine receptors and thus could respond in an autocrine or paracrine manner to cytokines and chemokines produced by NP cells, particularly during @entity2 . However, this study failed to demonstrate regulatory effects on ECM genes and degradative enzymes or other cytokines and chemokines for any target investigated, with the exception of @entity4 . This suggests that @entity4 is a master regulator within the IVD and may exert regulatory potential over a plethora of other cytokines and chemokines.

title: Potential roles of cytokines and chemokines in XXXX intervertebral disc degeneration: @entity4 is a master regulator of catabolic processes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Fc-gamma receptors (FcyRs) have been shown to play a crucial role in cartilage degradation during experimental @entity4 . Although most of their effect on cartilage degradation has been attributed to their potential to promote @entity1 in the presence of immunoglobulins, activating FcyRs promote cartilage degeneration in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) independently of the level of @entity1 . This prompted us to investigate, whether FcyRs may also play a @entity3 ( @entity3 )-related cartilage degradation. METHODS: FcyR expression was measured by RT-PCR and @entity5 in @entity0 cartilage tissue and chondrocytes. Experimental @entity3 was induced by destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) in WT @entity0 and animals lacking either activating (Fc receptor y-chain-deficient) or inhibitory (FcyRIIB-deficient) FcyRs. Cartilage damage was investigated histologically 8 weeks post-surgery by assessing proteoglycan loss and structural damage according to OARSI recommendations. Osteophyte size was measured to investigate alterations in bone turnover. RESULTS: Expression analyses revealed significant levels for all four types of @entity0 FcyRs in @entity0 chondrocytes and cartilage tissue from newborn and 8-week-old @entity0 . Surprisingly, yet, ablation of either activating or inhibitory FcyRs did not affect cartilage @entity2 during @entity6 -induced @entity3 in @entity0 . CONCLUSION: While FcyRs appear to have a crucial role in cartilage degradation during @entity4 our data indicate that FcyRs do not influence cartilage destruction in experimental @entity3 . This indicates that a certain threshold of @entity1 is a prerequisite for FcyR-induced cartilage destruction in @entity4 .

title: Fc-gamma receptors are not involved in cartilage damage during experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: From 1975 to 1991, stage IE @entity4 was diagnosed or treated in 40 @entity0 at our institution. Thirty-five evaluable @entity0 were the subject of this analysis (median age, 63 years). All histologic specimens were reviewed and classified according to the working formulation. Immunohistochemical stains were performed in 33 of 35 cases. The following histologic subtypes were identified: 26 @entity0 had diffuse large cell, 2 had diffuse mixed cell, and 7 had mucosa-associated @entity2 ( @entity2 with features of @entity3 ). Of the 35 @entity0 , 30 (86%) underwent laparotomy, with subtotal or total gastrectomy performed in 29. After gastrectomy, 17 @entity0 had radiation therapy, 3 had chemotherapy, 2 had radiation plus chemotherapy, and 7 had no further treatment. Five @entity0 were diagnosed with endoscopic biopsy and had radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both without further surgical treatment. The median follow-up period was 69.2 months. The commonest presenting symptom was @entity1 . The 5-year disease-free survival was 90% for the entire group and 88% for the 28 @entity0 with working formulation intermediate histology. For @entity0 with @entity3 , the 5-year disease-free survival was 100%. The prognosis for @entity0 with stage IE working formulation intermediate-histology @entity4 is good and for those with stage IE @entity3 , excellent.

title: Management of stage IE primary XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is one of the consequences of infection with the protozoan parasite @entity9 . Even if lesions are self-healing in immunocompetent @entity0 , they pose a life-time risk of reactivation and are a serious threat to vision. As there are virtually no immunological data on reactivating @entity10 , we established a model of direct intravitreal injection of parasites in previously infected @entity1 with a homologous type II strain. Two different @entity1 strains with variable ability to control @entity8 were studied in order to describe protective and deleterious reaction patterns. In Swiss-Webster @entity1 , which are already relatively resistant to @entity4 , no peak of parasite load was observed upon reinfection. In contrast, the susceptible inbred strain C57Bl/6 showed high parasite loads after 7 days, as well as marked deterioration of retinal architecture. Both parameters were back to normal at day 21. C57Bl/6 @entity1 also reacted with a strong local production of inflammatory and @entity5 type cytokines like @entity7 , @entity6 and IFN-y, while Swiss-Webster @entity1 only showed moderate expression of the @entity3 cytokine @entity11 . Interestingly, rapid intraocular production of anti- @entity9 antibodies was observed in Swiss-Webster, but not C57Bl/6 @entity1 . We then localized the cellular source of different immune mediators within the retina by immunofluorescence. Finally, neutralization experiments of IFN-y or @entity7 demonstrated the respective protective and deleterious roles of these cytokines for parasite control and retinal integrity during reinfection. In conclusion, we developed and immunologically characterized a promising @entity1 model of reactivating @entity10 .

title: XXXX driven inflammatory response induces retinal pathology in a model of @entity10 reactivation.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is one of the consequences of infection with the protozoan parasite @entity9 . Even if lesions are self-healing in immunocompetent @entity0 , they pose a life-time risk of reactivation and are a serious threat to vision. As there are virtually no immunological data on reactivating @entity10 , we established a model of direct intravitreal injection of parasites in previously infected @entity1 with a homologous type II strain. Two different @entity1 strains with variable ability to control @entity8 were studied in order to describe protective and deleterious reaction patterns. In Swiss-Webster @entity1 , which are already relatively resistant to @entity4 , no peak of parasite load was observed upon reinfection. In contrast, the susceptible inbred strain C57Bl/6 showed high parasite loads after 7 days, as well as marked deterioration of retinal architecture. Both parameters were back to normal at day 21. C57Bl/6 @entity1 also reacted with a strong local production of inflammatory and @entity5 type cytokines like @entity7 , @entity6 and IFN-y, while Swiss-Webster @entity1 only showed moderate expression of the @entity3 cytokine @entity11 . Interestingly, rapid intraocular production of anti- @entity9 antibodies was observed in Swiss-Webster, but not C57Bl/6 @entity1 . We then localized the cellular source of different immune mediators within the retina by immunofluorescence. Finally, neutralization experiments of IFN-y or @entity7 demonstrated the respective protective and deleterious roles of these cytokines for parasite control and retinal integrity during reinfection. In conclusion, we developed and immunologically characterized a promising @entity1 model of reactivating @entity10 .

title: @entity7 driven inflammatory response induces retinal pathology in a model of XXXX reactivation.

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Osteoclasts rapidly form on the surface of bone chips at augmentation sites. The underlying molecular mechanism, however, is unclear. Soluble factors released from bone chips in  vitro have a robust impact on mesenchymal cell differentiation. Whether these soluble factors change the differentiation of hematopoietic cells into osteoclasts remains unknown. METHODS: Osteoclastogenesis, the formation of @entity4 -resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells, was studied with @entity0 bone marrow cultures exposed to @entity3 and @entity5 , and conditioned medium from fresh ( @entity9 ) and demineralized bone matrix (DCM). Histochemical staining, gene and protein expression, as well as viability assays were performed. RESULTS: This study shows that @entity9 had no impact on osteoclastogenesis. However, when @entity9 was heated to 85  C (BCMh), the number of @entity4 -resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells that developed in the presence of @entity3 and @entity5 approximately doubled. In line with the histochemical observations, there was a trend that BCMh increased expression of osteoclast marker genes, in particular the transcription factor @entity6 . The expression of @entity6 was significantly reduced by the @entity1 receptor I antagonist @entity8 . @entity7 significantly stimulated osteoclastogenesis, independent of thermal processing. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that activated @entity9 by heat and @entity2 are able to stimulate osteoclastogenesis in  vitro. These in  vitro results support the notion that the resorption of autografts may be supported by as yet less defined paracrine mechanisms.

title: Conditioned medium from fresh and demineralized bone enhances osteoclastogenesis in XXXX bone marrow cultures.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Ectopic @entity4 (ECS) @entity1 (NETs) of the lung and mediastinum are rarely encountered. In this study, we present our experience in Iran on 15 @entity0 with ECS secondary to lung and mediastinal @entity1 over a period of 27 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since 1985, 15 @entity0 with ECS secondary to lung and mediastinal @entity1 have been diagnosed and prospectively followed by the endocrinology team of Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, radiological features, immunohistochemical characteristics, management strategies and outcome data are here presented. RESULTS: There were six @entity0 and nine @entity0 , aged 26-70 years, all presenting with typical features of @entity4 . Based on histopathologic evaluations, four @entity0 had @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and seven @entity0 had pulmonary NETs, one @entity0 had a thymic NET, and one case was diagnosed as a @entity3 . The mean    SD serum cortisol, 24h urine free cortisol and plasma ACTH were 47.2    20.5  g/dL, 2,702    5,439  g/day, and 220    147 pg/mL, respectively. @entity3 ranged in diameter from 1.1 to 4 cm (mean 1.9    1.1 cm). One @entity0 had a 10 cm mediastinal mass. The duration of follow up in these cases was between one month and seven years (mean 29.9    27.5 months). The four @entity0 with @entity2 died within three months of diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrates the protean clinical and laboratory manifestations of ECS secondary to lung and mediastinal @entity1 , the problems encountered in diagnosis, and the need for a multidisciplinary approach. This study confirms other series from Western Europe and North America that, unlike the @entity2 @entity0 who show a poor outlook, ECS @entity3 has a more favourable prognosis.

title: Ectopic XXXX secondary to lung and mediastinal @entity1 - report from a tertiary care centre in Iran.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Ectopic @entity4 (ECS) @entity1 (NETs) of the lung and mediastinum are rarely encountered. In this study, we present our experience in Iran on 15 @entity0 with ECS secondary to lung and mediastinal @entity1 over a period of 27 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since 1985, 15 @entity0 with ECS secondary to lung and mediastinal @entity1 have been diagnosed and prospectively followed by the endocrinology team of Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, radiological features, immunohistochemical characteristics, management strategies and outcome data are here presented. RESULTS: There were six @entity0 and nine @entity0 , aged 26-70 years, all presenting with typical features of @entity4 . Based on histopathologic evaluations, four @entity0 had @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and seven @entity0 had pulmonary NETs, one @entity0 had a thymic NET, and one case was diagnosed as a @entity3 . The mean    SD serum cortisol, 24h urine free cortisol and plasma ACTH were 47.2    20.5  g/dL, 2,702    5,439  g/day, and 220    147 pg/mL, respectively. @entity3 ranged in diameter from 1.1 to 4 cm (mean 1.9    1.1 cm). One @entity0 had a 10 cm mediastinal mass. The duration of follow up in these cases was between one month and seven years (mean 29.9    27.5 months). The four @entity0 with @entity2 died within three months of diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrates the protean clinical and laboratory manifestations of ECS secondary to lung and mediastinal @entity1 , the problems encountered in diagnosis, and the need for a multidisciplinary approach. This study confirms other series from Western Europe and North America that, unlike the @entity2 @entity0 who show a poor outlook, ECS @entity3 has a more favourable prognosis.

title: Ectopic @entity4 secondary to lung and mediastinal XXXX - report from a tertiary care centre in Iran.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual and economic benefits of same-day bilateral @entity1 surgery versus separate-day bilateral @entity1 surgery in the United States. SETTING: Private practice, Amarillo, Texas, USA. DESIGN: Prospective controlled nonrandomized clinical trial. METHODS: A cohort of @entity0 having same-day bilateral @entity1 surgery was age-matched with a cohort of control @entity0 who had standard separate-day bilateral @entity1 surgery. The primary outcome was a comparison of the direct cost for the @entity0 , physician, ambulatory surgery center (ASC), and third-party payer. RESULTS: The same-day cohort (42 @entity0 , 84 eyes) had similar baseline characteristics and postoperative outcomes as the control cohort (42 @entity0 , 84 eyes). The same-day cohort had less total distance traveled for care (P = .0039 and P < .0001 for in-town and out-of-town residents, respectively), less total time spent traveling for care (P = .0008 and P < .0001 for in-town and out-of-town residents, respectively), less total number of visits required for care (P < .0001), and less total time for vision recovery (P < .0001) than the control cohort. The physician and ASC reimbursements were lower in the same-day cohort (P = .0028 and P = .0016, respectively), whereas the total physician time spent caring for the @entity0 in surgery was not different between the 2 groups (P = .7310). The total ASC expenses were higher in the same-day cohort (P < .0001). The total third-party payer cost was significantly less in the same-day cohort (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Visual and economic benefits for the @entity0 can be achieved with same-day bilateral @entity1 surgery in the U.S. at the present time. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Prospective analysis of outcomes and economic factors of same-day bilateral XXXX surgery in the United States.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 , the precursor of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), is hypothesized to arise during embryogenesis from developmentally arrested primordial germ cells (PGCs) or gonocytes. In early embryonal life, the PGCs migrate from the yolk sac to the dorsal body wall where the cell population separates before colonizing the genital ridges. However, whether the malignant transformation takes place before or after this separation is controversial. We have explored the somatic exome-wide mutational spectra of bilateral @entity3 to provide novel insight into the in utero critical time frame of malignant transformation and @entity3 pathogenesis. Exome sequencing was performed in five @entity0 with bilateral @entity3 ( @entity1 ), of these three @entity0 in whom both @entity1 were available (six @entity1 ) and two @entity0 each with only one available @entity1 (two @entity1 ). Selected loci were explored by Sanger sequencing in 71 @entity0 with bilateral @entity3 . From the exome-wide mutational spectra, no identical mutations in any of the three bilateral @entity1 pairs were identified. Exome sequencing of all @entity1 revealed 87 somatic non-synonymous mutations (median 10 per @entity1 ; range 5-21), some in already known @entity1 genes such as @entity5 , NEB, @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and @entity6 . @entity7 was found recurrently mutated in two @entity1 . We suggest independent development lineages of bilateral @entity3 . Thus, malignant transformation into intratubular germ cell @entity1 is likely to occur after the migration of PGCs. We reveal possible drivers of @entity3 pathogenesis, such as mutated @entity2 , potentially with therapeutic implications for @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Exome sequencing of bilateral XXXX suggests independent development lineages.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) volume was calculated using various methods in the stifles of @entity0 , in which the cranial cruciate ligament had been transected on one side. Measurements were performed prior to surgery and again 4, 8, and 18 weeks following surgery, by measuring the dilution of an injected radioactive tracer diluted by the @entity1 . Later, 7 months following surgery, @entity1 volume measurements using simple arthrocentesis were performed on stifles in 9 of the @entity0 , and the @entity1 that could not be aspirated, was calculated using 2 indirect methods simultaneously on identical fluids in 3 of these @entity0 . @entity1 was also collected directly during staged arthrotomy of the stifles in 4 @entity0 . There were conflicting results between methods, but the resulting calculated @entity1 volumes seemed to be larger in the operated stifles compared to the controls for all the methods at about the same degree. The 2 indirect methods used to calculate the fluid remaining in the joints following arthrocentesis gave disparate volume calculations. The experiments revealed sources of error in all methods. Direct methods failed to acquire the total fluid volume, and indirect methods were subject to improper mixing and escape of the injected fluid or synovial fluid or both. It was concluded that none of the methods could be used to measure the "true" volume of @entity1 , if such a concept exists and can be defined. None of the methods were considered reliable to compare volumes in different type of joints containing this type of fluid. It was, however, concluded that all the methods gave indication of increased @entity1 volume present on a relative basis when paired joints were compared.

title: Methods and errors in measurements of synovial fluid volume in stifles with low volume and high viscosity synovial fluid. An experimental study in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The diagnostic utility of obtaining chest and abdomen computed tomography (CT) to evaluate for invasive @entity1 (IFI) before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) remains unclear. The study was conducted as a quality improvement project. Chest and abdomen CT of @entity0 who underwent an allogeneic HSCT over a 13-month period were reviewed. Scans included those performed pretransplant in all @entity0 and days 0 to 100 post-transplant in selected @entity0 . Sixty-six @entity0 had chest and abdomen CT scans pretransplant. Chest CT was suggestive of IFI in 9 @entity0 (13.6%), including 3 @entity0 with prior history of IFI. After transplant, 37 @entity0 had an initial chest CT and 14 @entity0 an initial abdominal CT. The first chest CT post-transplant was suggestive of IFI in 3 @entity0 ; all had an abnormal CT pretransplant. After the initial post-transplant evaluation, 15 @entity0 had 28 additional CT scans of the chest and 12 @entity0 19 additional CT scans of the abdomen. An abnormal chest CT with proven evidence of IFI was seen in only 1 @entity0 . None of the 99 abdominal CT scans performed pre- or post-transplant had evidence of IFI. There is little benefit in obtaining abdominal CT scans in HSCT @entity0 for detecting IFI either pre- or post-transplant.

title: Routine pre- and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant computed tomography of the abdomen for detecting invasive XXXX has limited value.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of circle of Willis CT angiography with shaded-surface display in the detection and assessment of suspected @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three @entity0 who had clinical or radiologic suspicion of @entity1 were studied prospectively with CT angiography and conventional angiography. The images were obtained and interpreted in a double-blind fashion by different radiologists. Conventional angiography, which was the reference standard in this study, diagnosed 17 @entity2 in 15 @entity0 . The usefulness of the two types of images for surgical planning was evaluated by two neurosurgeons. RESULTS: No @entity2 were detected with either technique in eight @entity0 . Both techniques showed 15 @entity2 in 14 @entity0 . The maximum dimensions were less than 3.0 mm in three cases, 3.0-5.0 mm in four cases, and greater than 5.0 mm in eight cases. With conventional angiography used as the reference standard, CT angiography has one false-positive and two false-negative findings, resulting in a sensitivity of 88% (15/17) and a specificity of 89% (8/9). For 12 of 15 @entity2 , CT angiography was rated equal or superior to conventional angiography in depicting all aspects (shape, orientation, neck, and parent vessel) of the @entity2 . CONCLUSION: We were able to detect @entity2 of the circle of Willis as small as 2 mm in size. Using conventional angiography as the reference standard, CT angiography has a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 89% for the detection of @entity2 in the circle of Willis. In almost all cases, CT angiography was equal or superior to conventional angiography in characterizing the @entity2 for surgical planning.

title: Detection and assessment of XXXX : value of CT angiography with shaded-surface display.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) refers to a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that is associated with an increased risk of @entity1 and @entity3 . It is unclear however, if the presence of the @entity2 is associated with a particular clinical profile or a different prognosis in @entity0 with @entity1 or early @entity3 . OBJECTIVES: To compare 1) the clinical profile and 2) the prognosis of @entity0 attending a memory clinic according to the presence or absence of @entity2 . DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort. SETTING: Memory clinic. @entity0 : We included and followed 86 consecutive @entity0 (average age of 66.7 (SD 9.7)) from the Amsterdam @entity3 Cohort with an MMSE>22. MEASUREMENTS: Clinical profile (neuropsychological examination, brain MRI, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, clinical diagnosis) on an initial standardized diagnostic assessment was compared according to @entity2 status. Progression to @entity3 was assessed in initially nondemented @entity0 (subjective complaints n=40, mild @entity1 n=24, follow-up available in 59). RESULTS: 35 (41%) @entity0 met the @entity2 criteria. Demographics were similar between @entity0 with or without the @entity2 . At baseline, diagnosis, cognitive performance, severity of @entity4 on MRI, and CSF amyloid and tau levels did not differ between the groups (all p>0.05). Among nondemented @entity0 , however, @entity2 was associated with worse performance on executive function, attention _ speed and visuoconstructive ability (z-scores, p<0.05). During a mean follow-up of 3.4years a similar proportion of @entity0 with (4; 17%) and without (6; 17%) the @entity2 progressed to @entity3 (p=0.45). CONCLUSION: Among nondemented @entity0 presenting at a memory clinic @entity2 was associated with slightly worse cognitive performance (worse on tasks assessing executive functions, visuo-constructive ability, attention _ speed), but conversion rate to @entity3 was not increased.

title: The XXXX in a memory clinic population: Relation with clinical profile and prognosis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Signalling via b-adrenergic receptors activates heterotrimeric G-proteins, which dissociate into a and by subunits. In salivary glands, the a subunit of Gs stimulates @entity4 cyclase, increasing @entity3 levels and promoting exocytosis. The goals of this study were to determine Gas localization in salivary glands and whether it undergoes redistribution upon activation. METHODS: @entity0 parotid and submandibular ( @entity7 ) glands were fixed with @entity2 and prepared for immunofluorescence labelling with anti-Gas. RESULTS: In unstimulated parotid and @entity7 acinar cells, Gas was localized mainly to basolateral membranes. Some parotid acinar cells also exhibited cytoplasmic fluorescence. @entity5 ( @entity6 ) stimulation resulted in decreased membrane fluorescence and increased cytoplasmic fluorescence, which appeared relatively uniform by 30 min. Beginning about 2 h after @entity6 , cytoplasmic fluorescence decreased and membrane fluorescence increased, approaching unstimulated levels in @entity7 acini by 4 h. Some parotid acini exhibited cytoplasmic fluorescence up to 8 h after @entity6 . The @entity6 -induced redistribution of Gas was prevented ( @entity7 ) or reduced (parotid) by prior injection of @entity1 . Striated duct cells of unstimulated @entity0 exhibited general cytoplasmic fluorescence, which was unchanged after @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Gas is localized to basolateral membranes of unstimulated salivary acinar cells. Activation of Gas causes its release from the cell membrane and movement into the cytoplasm. Reassociation of Gas with the membrane begins about 2 h after stimulation in the @entity7 , but complete reassociation takes several hours in the parotid gland. The presence of Gas in striated duct cells suggests a role in signal transduction of secretion and/or electrolyte transport processes.

title: Redistribution of Gas in XXXX salivary glands following b-adrenergic stimulation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In three @entity0 with @entity3 , stage IIIA, a complete remission lasting from 6 to 8 years was attained, in spite of the fact that not all of them received treatment. In the latter case the remission lasted from 5 to 6 years. One of the @entity0 had diffuse Gk + @entity7 @entity3 , one presented with multiple focal one with protein @entity7 production, and one @entity0 had multiple focal @entity3 with @entity4 and complete @entity6 without verified secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulin. The times of therapy until the attainment of a complete remission were 3,5 and 13 years, whereas the total survival amounted to 9, 5 and 20 years since the appearance of the first disease symptoms. @entity5 was employed as the basic cytostatic agent in all the cases. Annual control examinations of the @entity0 in a state of remission have not revealed any signs of @entity3 . One @entity0 is manifesting @entity2 , however biopsy withdrawn from the focus of osteolysis have not shown any @entity1 . Immunochemical assay of serum and urine has failed to detect paraprotein, blood immunoglobulins have been discovered to be within normal. The author analyses 4 similar cases reported in literature. It is assumed that it would be premature to regard the @entity0 described above as completely recovered from the biological standpoint and that it would be more wise to consider such cases as prolonged and fairly profound remissions.

title: [Possibility of complete recovery in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although bacterial endotoxins have potent effects on blood monocytes and tissue macrophages, the role of alveolar macrophages in regulating intrapulmonary neutrophil traffic following endotoxemia has not been studied previously. We have previously reported that a single intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin from @entity4 serotype 055B5 causes @entity2 by neutrophils (PMN) in @entity1 . The factors which influence the migration of PMN in the lung in this model are unknown. To determine whether macrophage-derived products could play a role in directing migration, we enumerated neutrophils in histologic sections and employed electron microscopy to document the location of neutrophils in the lung in vivo following endotoxin. We also cultured the alveolar macrophages recovered by lung lavage to measure the effect of their culture supernatants on neutrophil migration in vitro. In the first 6 hr following endotoxin, and also 24 hr later, there was an increase in the number of PMN enumerated in the lung parenchyma by light microscopy. Electron microscopy showed the location of the neutrophils to be exclusively intravascular at 6 hr. By contrast, neutrophils were observed in both interstitial and bronchoalveolar spaces at 24 hr, confirming that transvascular migration was active at that time. The pulmonary macrophages which were recovered by lung lavage from groups of @entity1 sacrificed at 4 and at 15 hr following the administration of endotoxin were assayed for the release into culture media of migration-stimulatory activity for neutrophils. Macrophages from animals sacrificed 4 hr following endotoxin released less migration-stimulating activity into media than macrophages from controls. These macrophages could be stimulated to release migration-stimulating activity into culture media at levels comparable to macrophages from controls by the addition of opsonized Zymosan to the culture media. By contrast, macrophages from animals sacrificed 15 hr after endotoxin spontaneously released more migration-stimulating activity for neutrophils than did macrophages from controls. Thus, in this model, a specific increase in the synthesis or release by alveolar macrophages of factors which stimulate the migration of neutrophils in vitro coincided with a transition from intravascular to extravascular @entity0 by neutrophils in vivo. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that @entity3 may contribute to the regulation of @entity0 following endotoxemia by releasing factors which influence the migration of neutrophils.

title: Role of alveolar macrophages in endotoxin-induced neutrophilic alveolitis in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main defect of immunoglobulin A @entity1 ( @entity7 ) lies within the immune system and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells rather than in the kidney. Previously, we found an altered gene expression in monocytes compared with B and T cells isolated from @entity7 @entity0 ; thus, our aim here has been to study this subset at a genome-wide and functional level. METHODS: A total of 39 @entity7 @entity0 and 37 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were included in this study, and microarray technology was used to evaluate global gene expression differences in monocytes isolated from @entity7 @entity0 and @entity3 . Aberrantly expressed genes and pathways were then validated on an independent set of @entity7 @entity0 with RT-PCR western blot and flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: Gene expression differences in monocytes from @entity7 @entity0 and @entity3 primarily involved apoptosis signalling, @entity4 , @entity8 signalling. Both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways seem to be implicated; in particular, the protein levels of @entity10 and @entity9 were upregulated thus confirming the altered mitochondrial and death receptor homeostasis. Furthermore, the basal intracellular protein levels of @entity2 in monocytes were lower in @entity7 @entity0 compared with @entity3 . We validated at protein level an enhanced apoptotic phenotype and a different subset distribution in monocytes from @entity7 @entity0 . We found that the non-classical monocyte subset ( @entity6 (+) @entity5 (+)) was significantly expanded in all @entity7 @entity0 tested even though the total monocyte count remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, an aberrant modulation of the mitochondrial respiratory system in monocytes isolated from @entity7 @entity0 . Furthermore, the aberrant expansion of the ( @entity6 (+) @entity5 (+)) subset could explain the enhanced apoptotic phenotype seen in these cells thus revealing their potential role in the pathogenesis of @entity7 .

title: Altered monocyte expression and expansion of non-classical monocyte subset in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main defect of immunoglobulin A @entity1 ( @entity7 ) lies within the immune system and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells rather than in the kidney. Previously, we found an altered gene expression in monocytes compared with B and T cells isolated from @entity7 @entity0 ; thus, our aim here has been to study this subset at a genome-wide and functional level. METHODS: A total of 39 @entity7 @entity0 and 37 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were included in this study, and microarray technology was used to evaluate global gene expression differences in monocytes isolated from @entity7 @entity0 and @entity3 . Aberrantly expressed genes and pathways were then validated on an independent set of @entity7 @entity0 with RT-PCR western blot and flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: Gene expression differences in monocytes from @entity7 @entity0 and @entity3 primarily involved apoptosis signalling, @entity4 , @entity8 signalling. Both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways seem to be implicated; in particular, the protein levels of @entity10 and @entity9 were upregulated thus confirming the altered mitochondrial and death receptor homeostasis. Furthermore, the basal intracellular protein levels of @entity2 in monocytes were lower in @entity7 @entity0 compared with @entity3 . We validated at protein level an enhanced apoptotic phenotype and a different subset distribution in monocytes from @entity7 @entity0 . We found that the non-classical monocyte subset ( @entity6 (+) @entity5 (+)) was significantly expanded in all @entity7 @entity0 tested even though the total monocyte count remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, an aberrant modulation of the mitochondrial respiratory system in monocytes isolated from @entity7 @entity0 . Furthermore, the aberrant expansion of the ( @entity6 (+) @entity5 (+)) subset could explain the enhanced apoptotic phenotype seen in these cells thus revealing their potential role in the pathogenesis of @entity7 .

title: Altered monocyte expression and expansion of non-classical monocyte subset in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND:    Food safety authorities discovered that @entity3 meat products contaminated with @entity5 had entered the food chain in Germany in March 2013. Public health authorities issued guidelines for health professionals including post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using @entity4 and advised the public to seek medical advice if exposed. Our objective was to identify factors associated with the development of @entity6 and to evaluate post exposure prophylaxis. METHODS:    @entity0 who reported to local public health departments as exposed were interviewed concerning exposure, symptoms and medication. Serum samples were tested by an in-house @entity5 -specific ELISA. Cases were defined as @entity0 presenting with @entity2 and/or periorbital @entity1 and @entity5 -specific IgM and IgG antibodies after exposure to implicated products. RESULTS:    Of 101 @entity0 interviewed, 71 were exposed and serologically tested. Antibodies were detected in 21/71 (30%) and 14/71 (20%) met the case definition. Attack rates were positively correlated to the amount of implicated product consumed. Among n=37 @entity0 who received anthelmintics as PEP, six @entity0 developed @entity6 . These cases exclusively occurred among @entity0 starting PEP six days or later post exposure. Exposure to implicated products and delaying PEP were also significantly associated with developing @entity6 (p<0.01) in a multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION:    Concerted efforts by food safety and public health authorities lead to timely outbreak control and facilitated the provision of early PEP. PEP appears to be effective in preventing @entity6 when given early, preferably within 6 days. We therefore recommend initiating PEP without delay in similar settings and encourage public health professionals to fast-track this intervention.

title: Outbreak of XXXX due to @entity3 meat and evaluation of the effectiveness of post exposure prophylaxis, Germany, 2013.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND:    Food safety authorities discovered that @entity3 meat products contaminated with @entity5 had entered the food chain in Germany in March 2013. Public health authorities issued guidelines for health professionals including post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using @entity4 and advised the public to seek medical advice if exposed. Our objective was to identify factors associated with the development of @entity6 and to evaluate post exposure prophylaxis. METHODS:    @entity0 who reported to local public health departments as exposed were interviewed concerning exposure, symptoms and medication. Serum samples were tested by an in-house @entity5 -specific ELISA. Cases were defined as @entity0 presenting with @entity2 and/or periorbital @entity1 and @entity5 -specific IgM and IgG antibodies after exposure to implicated products. RESULTS:    Of 101 @entity0 interviewed, 71 were exposed and serologically tested. Antibodies were detected in 21/71 (30%) and 14/71 (20%) met the case definition. Attack rates were positively correlated to the amount of implicated product consumed. Among n=37 @entity0 who received anthelmintics as PEP, six @entity0 developed @entity6 . These cases exclusively occurred among @entity0 starting PEP six days or later post exposure. Exposure to implicated products and delaying PEP were also significantly associated with developing @entity6 (p<0.01) in a multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION:    Concerted efforts by food safety and public health authorities lead to timely outbreak control and facilitated the provision of early PEP. PEP appears to be effective in preventing @entity6 when given early, preferably within 6 days. We therefore recommend initiating PEP without delay in similar settings and encourage public health professionals to fast-track this intervention.

title: Outbreak of @entity6 due to XXXX meat and evaluation of the effectiveness of post exposure prophylaxis, Germany, 2013.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The realization that low-glycemic index diets were formulated using resistant starch led to more than a decade of research on the health effects of resistant starch. Determination of the metabolizable energy of the resistant starch product allowed for the performance of isocaloric studies. Fermentation of resistant starch in rodent studies results in what appears to be a healthier gut, demonstrated by increased amounts of @entity5 , an apparent positive change in the microbiota, and increased gene expression for gene products involved in normal healthy proliferation and apoptosis of potential @entity1 cells. Additionally, consumption of resistant starch was associated with reduced abdominal fat and improved @entity3 sensitivity. Increased serum @entity4 ( @entity4 ) likely plays a role in promoting these health benefits. One rodent study that did not use isocaloric diets demonstrated that the use of resistant starch at 8% of the weight of the diet reduced body fat. This appears to be approximately equivalent to the @entity0 fiber requirement. In @entity0 subjects, @entity3 sensitivity is increased with the feeding of resistant starch. However, only 1 of several studies reports an increase in serum @entity4 associated with resistant starch added to the diet. This means that other mechanisms, such as increased intestinal gluconeogenesis or increased @entity2 , may be involved in the promotion of improved @entity3 sensitivity. Future research may confirm that there will be improved health if @entity0 individuals consume the requirement for dietary fiber and a large amount of the fiber is fermentable.

title: Role of resistant starch in improving gut health, adiposity, and XXXX resistance.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Volatile anesthetics exert cardioprotective effects during @entity6 . This investigation examined the regional systolic and diastolic mechanical responses to brief left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity7 ) occlusion in the central @entity0 zone and in remote normal myocardium in the conscious state and during @entity9 and @entity8 anesthesia. METHODS: Eighteen experiments were performed in nine @entity3 chronically instrumented for measurement of aortic and left ventricular pressure, cardiac output, @entity7 coronary blood flow velocity, and @entity7 and left circumflex coronary artery subendocardial segment length. Regional myocardial contractility was evaluated with the slope of the preload recruitable @entity1 work relationship determined from a series of left ventricular pressure-segment length diagrams in the @entity7 and left circumflex coronary artery zones. Diastolic function was assessed with a time constant of isovolumic relaxation (tau), maximum segment lengthening velocity in @entity7 and left circumflex coronary artery regions, and regional chamber stiffness constants derived using monoexponential and three-element exponential curve fitting in each zone. On separate experimental days, hemodynamics and indices of regional functional were obtained in the conscious state and during 1.1 and 1.6 minimum alveolar concentration end-tidal @entity9 or @entity8 before and during @entity5 . RESULTS: In conscious @entity3 , @entity5 abolished @entity1 work, increased chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.39 +/- 0.04 during control to 1.34 +/- 0.39 mm-1 during @entity5 ), and decreased the rate of early ventricular filling in the @entity0 zone. These changes were accompanied by increased contractility (slope: 103 +/- 8 during control to 112 +/- 7 mmHg during @entity5 ), rapid filling rate (maximum segment lengthening velocity: 46 +/- 5 during control to 55 +/- 7 mm.s-1 during @entity5 ), and chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.43 +/- 0.05 during control to 1.14 +/- 0.25 mm-1 during @entity5 ) in the normal region. Increases in tau were also observed in the conscious state during the period of @entity6 . @entity9 and @entity8 increased tau and decreased the slope and maximum segment lengthening velocity in a dose-related manner. Monoexponential and three-element element exponential curve fitting were unchanged by the volatile anesthetics in the absence of @entity0 . @entity4 and rapid filling rate were enhanced in the nonischemic region during @entity5 in the presence of @entity9 and @entity8 . In contrast to the findings in the conscious state, @entity0 -induced increases in tau and chamber stiffness in the @entity0 and normal zones were attenuated during anesthesia induced by @entity9 and @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that increases in contractility of remote myocardium during brief regional @entity0 were preserved in the presence of @entity9 and @entity8 anesthesia. In addition, @entity9 and @entity8 blunted @entity0 -induced increases in tau and regional chamber stiffness in both the @entity0 and nonischemic zones. These results demonstrate that the volatile anesthetics may exert important beneficial actions on left ventricular mechanics in the presence of severe @entity2 and diastolic function during @entity0 .

title: XXXX and @entity8 exert modest beneficial actions on left ventricular diastolic function during @entity6 in @entity3 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Volatile anesthetics exert cardioprotective effects during @entity6 . This investigation examined the regional systolic and diastolic mechanical responses to brief left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity7 ) occlusion in the central @entity0 zone and in remote normal myocardium in the conscious state and during @entity9 and @entity8 anesthesia. METHODS: Eighteen experiments were performed in nine @entity3 chronically instrumented for measurement of aortic and left ventricular pressure, cardiac output, @entity7 coronary blood flow velocity, and @entity7 and left circumflex coronary artery subendocardial segment length. Regional myocardial contractility was evaluated with the slope of the preload recruitable @entity1 work relationship determined from a series of left ventricular pressure-segment length diagrams in the @entity7 and left circumflex coronary artery zones. Diastolic function was assessed with a time constant of isovolumic relaxation (tau), maximum segment lengthening velocity in @entity7 and left circumflex coronary artery regions, and regional chamber stiffness constants derived using monoexponential and three-element exponential curve fitting in each zone. On separate experimental days, hemodynamics and indices of regional functional were obtained in the conscious state and during 1.1 and 1.6 minimum alveolar concentration end-tidal @entity9 or @entity8 before and during @entity5 . RESULTS: In conscious @entity3 , @entity5 abolished @entity1 work, increased chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.39 +/- 0.04 during control to 1.34 +/- 0.39 mm-1 during @entity5 ), and decreased the rate of early ventricular filling in the @entity0 zone. These changes were accompanied by increased contractility (slope: 103 +/- 8 during control to 112 +/- 7 mmHg during @entity5 ), rapid filling rate (maximum segment lengthening velocity: 46 +/- 5 during control to 55 +/- 7 mm.s-1 during @entity5 ), and chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.43 +/- 0.05 during control to 1.14 +/- 0.25 mm-1 during @entity5 ) in the normal region. Increases in tau were also observed in the conscious state during the period of @entity6 . @entity9 and @entity8 increased tau and decreased the slope and maximum segment lengthening velocity in a dose-related manner. Monoexponential and three-element element exponential curve fitting were unchanged by the volatile anesthetics in the absence of @entity0 . @entity4 and rapid filling rate were enhanced in the nonischemic region during @entity5 in the presence of @entity9 and @entity8 . In contrast to the findings in the conscious state, @entity0 -induced increases in tau and chamber stiffness in the @entity0 and normal zones were attenuated during anesthesia induced by @entity9 and @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that increases in contractility of remote myocardium during brief regional @entity0 were preserved in the presence of @entity9 and @entity8 anesthesia. In addition, @entity9 and @entity8 blunted @entity0 -induced increases in tau and regional chamber stiffness in both the @entity0 and nonischemic zones. These results demonstrate that the volatile anesthetics may exert important beneficial actions on left ventricular mechanics in the presence of severe @entity2 and diastolic function during @entity0 .

title: @entity9 and XXXX exert modest beneficial actions on left ventricular diastolic function during @entity6 in @entity3 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Volatile anesthetics exert cardioprotective effects during @entity6 . This investigation examined the regional systolic and diastolic mechanical responses to brief left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity7 ) occlusion in the central @entity0 zone and in remote normal myocardium in the conscious state and during @entity9 and @entity8 anesthesia. METHODS: Eighteen experiments were performed in nine @entity3 chronically instrumented for measurement of aortic and left ventricular pressure, cardiac output, @entity7 coronary blood flow velocity, and @entity7 and left circumflex coronary artery subendocardial segment length. Regional myocardial contractility was evaluated with the slope of the preload recruitable @entity1 work relationship determined from a series of left ventricular pressure-segment length diagrams in the @entity7 and left circumflex coronary artery zones. Diastolic function was assessed with a time constant of isovolumic relaxation (tau), maximum segment lengthening velocity in @entity7 and left circumflex coronary artery regions, and regional chamber stiffness constants derived using monoexponential and three-element exponential curve fitting in each zone. On separate experimental days, hemodynamics and indices of regional functional were obtained in the conscious state and during 1.1 and 1.6 minimum alveolar concentration end-tidal @entity9 or @entity8 before and during @entity5 . RESULTS: In conscious @entity3 , @entity5 abolished @entity1 work, increased chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.39 +/- 0.04 during control to 1.34 +/- 0.39 mm-1 during @entity5 ), and decreased the rate of early ventricular filling in the @entity0 zone. These changes were accompanied by increased contractility (slope: 103 +/- 8 during control to 112 +/- 7 mmHg during @entity5 ), rapid filling rate (maximum segment lengthening velocity: 46 +/- 5 during control to 55 +/- 7 mm.s-1 during @entity5 ), and chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.43 +/- 0.05 during control to 1.14 +/- 0.25 mm-1 during @entity5 ) in the normal region. Increases in tau were also observed in the conscious state during the period of @entity6 . @entity9 and @entity8 increased tau and decreased the slope and maximum segment lengthening velocity in a dose-related manner. Monoexponential and three-element element exponential curve fitting were unchanged by the volatile anesthetics in the absence of @entity0 . @entity4 and rapid filling rate were enhanced in the nonischemic region during @entity5 in the presence of @entity9 and @entity8 . In contrast to the findings in the conscious state, @entity0 -induced increases in tau and chamber stiffness in the @entity0 and normal zones were attenuated during anesthesia induced by @entity9 and @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that increases in contractility of remote myocardium during brief regional @entity0 were preserved in the presence of @entity9 and @entity8 anesthesia. In addition, @entity9 and @entity8 blunted @entity0 -induced increases in tau and regional chamber stiffness in both the @entity0 and nonischemic zones. These results demonstrate that the volatile anesthetics may exert important beneficial actions on left ventricular mechanics in the presence of severe @entity2 and diastolic function during @entity0 .

title: @entity9 and @entity8 exert modest beneficial actions on left ventricular diastolic function during XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Volatile anesthetics exert cardioprotective effects during @entity6 . This investigation examined the regional systolic and diastolic mechanical responses to brief left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity7 ) occlusion in the central @entity0 zone and in remote normal myocardium in the conscious state and during @entity9 and @entity8 anesthesia. METHODS: Eighteen experiments were performed in nine @entity3 chronically instrumented for measurement of aortic and left ventricular pressure, cardiac output, @entity7 coronary blood flow velocity, and @entity7 and left circumflex coronary artery subendocardial segment length. Regional myocardial contractility was evaluated with the slope of the preload recruitable @entity1 work relationship determined from a series of left ventricular pressure-segment length diagrams in the @entity7 and left circumflex coronary artery zones. Diastolic function was assessed with a time constant of isovolumic relaxation (tau), maximum segment lengthening velocity in @entity7 and left circumflex coronary artery regions, and regional chamber stiffness constants derived using monoexponential and three-element exponential curve fitting in each zone. On separate experimental days, hemodynamics and indices of regional functional were obtained in the conscious state and during 1.1 and 1.6 minimum alveolar concentration end-tidal @entity9 or @entity8 before and during @entity5 . RESULTS: In conscious @entity3 , @entity5 abolished @entity1 work, increased chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.39 +/- 0.04 during control to 1.34 +/- 0.39 mm-1 during @entity5 ), and decreased the rate of early ventricular filling in the @entity0 zone. These changes were accompanied by increased contractility (slope: 103 +/- 8 during control to 112 +/- 7 mmHg during @entity5 ), rapid filling rate (maximum segment lengthening velocity: 46 +/- 5 during control to 55 +/- 7 mm.s-1 during @entity5 ), and chamber stiffness (monoexponential: 0.43 +/- 0.05 during control to 1.14 +/- 0.25 mm-1 during @entity5 ) in the normal region. Increases in tau were also observed in the conscious state during the period of @entity6 . @entity9 and @entity8 increased tau and decreased the slope and maximum segment lengthening velocity in a dose-related manner. Monoexponential and three-element element exponential curve fitting were unchanged by the volatile anesthetics in the absence of @entity0 . @entity4 and rapid filling rate were enhanced in the nonischemic region during @entity5 in the presence of @entity9 and @entity8 . In contrast to the findings in the conscious state, @entity0 -induced increases in tau and chamber stiffness in the @entity0 and normal zones were attenuated during anesthesia induced by @entity9 and @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that increases in contractility of remote myocardium during brief regional @entity0 were preserved in the presence of @entity9 and @entity8 anesthesia. In addition, @entity9 and @entity8 blunted @entity0 -induced increases in tau and regional chamber stiffness in both the @entity0 and nonischemic zones. These results demonstrate that the volatile anesthetics may exert important beneficial actions on left ventricular mechanics in the presence of severe @entity2 and diastolic function during @entity0 .

title: @entity9 and @entity8 exert modest beneficial actions on left ventricular diastolic function during @entity6 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Optimal design of stents for a @entity0 is desired for efficient flow reduction in the @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to optimize stent design at several porosities, estimate the influence of stent design on @entity1 flow, and evaluate the ability of stents to reduce flow. METHODS: Stent models were constructed as sets of squares or rectangles in the necks of a two-dimensional (2D) and realistic @entity1 . Then, automated optimization was performed using a combination of simulated annealing and lattice Boltzmann flow simulation. RESULTS: By simulated annealing, stents were gradually modified to reduce the average velocity in an @entity1 . As a result of optimization, stents of all porosities demonstrated an inhomogeneous distribution with dense struts in the inflow area. Flow reduction was increased compared with the initial stent. Under the condition of high porosity, flow reduction by the stent drastically increased as porosity decreased. Under low porosity, the increase of velocity reduction was moderate even as porosity decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Optimization can enhance flow reduction by stents. However, the increase in reduction associated with decreasing porosity is moderate under lower-porosity conditions. This threshold may help in the choice of stent porosity for each specific @entity1 .

title: Porosity dependency of an optimized stent design for an XXXX .

answer: @entity0