abstract: The aim was to analyze the relationship between @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and vascular risk among the aged. A prospective population-based study, with a 9-year follow-up. All subjects of the municipality of Lieto in Finland aged >= 64 in 1998-99 participated (n = 1183). Hazard ratios (HRs) for fatal or non-fatal coronary (CHD), cerebrovascular (CV), or all vascular events predicted by @entity3 (defined by International @entity1 Federation) were estimated. During the 9-year follow-up, a total of 348 vascular events occurred, including 208 CHD and 150 CV events. After multivariable adjustment, CHD events (1.70, 1.07-2.71, P = .026) and vascular events (1.57, 1.07-2.30, P = .021) were more common in @entity0 with @entity3 compared to @entity0 without it. Evaluating @entity3 components individually, low HDL- @entity2 among @entity0 predicted a higher occurrence of CV (2.44, 1.46-4.09, P < .001) and all vascular (1.78, 1.26-2.53, P = .001) events. Elevated blood pressure among @entity0 was related to fewer CHD events (0.46, 0.25-0.83, P = .010). Our findings suggest that @entity3 does predict vascular events in late life among @entity0 . In older @entity0 , only low HDL- @entity2 was associated with vascular risk. Slightly or moderately elevated blood pressure values do not predict vascular events in this age group.

title: XXXX and vascular risk: a 9-year follow-up among the aged in Finland.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity8 is associated with intractable hand @entity2 from @entity7 , digital @entity1 , @entity10 , and nerve entrapment. This study investigated the effect of hydrodissection of the @entity5 followed by @entity3 injection for the @entity2 hand. Twenty-six consecutive subjects [12 with @entity2 hand and 14 with @entity4 and @entity5 ( @entity4 /CTS)] underwent sonographically observed @entity5 hydrodissection with 3  ml of 1% @entity12 administered with a 25-gauge 1-in. needle on a 3-ml RPD mechanical syringe (reciprocating procedure device). After hydrodissection, a syringe exchange was performed, and 80  mg of @entity11 was injected. Baseline @entity2 , procedural @entity2 , @entity2 at outcome, responders, therapeutic duration, and reinjection interval were determined. Hydrodissection and injection with @entity3 significantly reduced @entity2 scores by 67% in @entity8 (p   <   0.001) and by 47% in @entity4 /CT (p   <   0.001). @entity8 and @entity4 /CTS were similar in outcome measures: injection @entity2 (p   =   0.47), @entity2 scores at outcome (p   =   0.13), responders ( @entity8 , 83.3%; @entity4 /CTS, 57.1%, p   =   0.15), @entity2 at 6  months (p   =   0.15), and therapeutic duration (p   =   0.07). @entity8 @entity0 responded better in time to next injection ( @entity8 , 8.5        3.0 months; @entity4 /CTS, 5.2        3.1 months, p   =   0.03). Reduced Raynaud's attacks and healing of digital @entity6 occurred in 83% of subjects. There were no complications. Hydrodissection with @entity12 followed by injection of @entity9 reduces @entity2 and vasomotor changes in the @entity8 hand. The mechanism may be a combination of hydrodissection-mediated mechanical freeing of entrapped arteries, nerves, and tendinous structures and @entity3 -induced @entity7 .

title: Sonographically guided hydrodissection and @entity3 injection for XXXX hand.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity8 is associated with intractable hand @entity2 from @entity7 , digital @entity1 , @entity10 , and nerve entrapment. This study investigated the effect of hydrodissection of the @entity5 followed by @entity3 injection for the @entity2 hand. Twenty-six consecutive subjects [12 with @entity2 hand and 14 with @entity4 and @entity5 ( @entity4 /CTS)] underwent sonographically observed @entity5 hydrodissection with 3  ml of 1% @entity12 administered with a 25-gauge 1-in. needle on a 3-ml RPD mechanical syringe (reciprocating procedure device). After hydrodissection, a syringe exchange was performed, and 80  mg of @entity11 was injected. Baseline @entity2 , procedural @entity2 , @entity2 at outcome, responders, therapeutic duration, and reinjection interval were determined. Hydrodissection and injection with @entity3 significantly reduced @entity2 scores by 67% in @entity8 (p   <   0.001) and by 47% in @entity4 /CT (p   <   0.001). @entity8 and @entity4 /CTS were similar in outcome measures: injection @entity2 (p   =   0.47), @entity2 scores at outcome (p   =   0.13), responders ( @entity8 , 83.3%; @entity4 /CTS, 57.1%, p   =   0.15), @entity2 at 6  months (p   =   0.15), and therapeutic duration (p   =   0.07). @entity8 @entity0 responded better in time to next injection ( @entity8 , 8.5        3.0 months; @entity4 /CTS, 5.2        3.1 months, p   =   0.03). Reduced Raynaud's attacks and healing of digital @entity6 occurred in 83% of subjects. There were no complications. Hydrodissection with @entity12 followed by injection of @entity9 reduces @entity2 and vasomotor changes in the @entity8 hand. The mechanism may be a combination of hydrodissection-mediated mechanical freeing of entrapped arteries, nerves, and tendinous structures and @entity3 -induced @entity7 .

title: Sonographically guided hydrodissection and XXXX injection for @entity8 hand.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity10 (OMIM:265800) is an @entity2 due to a mutation in the @entity8 gene, which causes a @entity3 and a deterioration of the bone structure. Our aim was to describe a 5 year-old @entity0 affected by @entity10 , associated with an extremely severe @entity1 , who was treated effectively with a combination of upper airway surgery and positive pressure ventilation. METHODS: A 5 year-old @entity0 affected by @entity10 was referred to us for @entity9 and @entity6 , and who developed an extremely severe @entity4 . RESULTS: Polysomnography showed extremely severe OSAS (AHI = 81.6 events/hour). The @entity0 was treated successfully with a combination of adenotonsillectomy, uvulo-palato-pharingo plasty (UPPP), followed by positive pressure ventilation. Polysomnographic recordings confirmed the striking reduction of obstructive respiratory events during sleep (from 81.6 to 12.3 events/hour). Lateral skull Rx and cephalometric measures showed that the Posterior Airway Space (PAS) increased from 3 to 19 mm. The decision to perform UPPP in association with adeno-tonsillectomy was motivated by the presence of @entity7 , caused by @entity5 and prolapsed soft tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest that a conservative surgical treatment, consisting of adenotonsillectomy plus UPPP, may increases the patency of the upper airway, both at palatal and pharyngeal level. The combination of adenotonsillectomy plus UPPP, followed by CPAP ventilation, may avoid tracheotomy in very severe OSAS @entity0 .

title: @entity10 with XXXX : a possible alternative to tracheotomy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity10 (OMIM:265800) is an @entity2 due to a mutation in the @entity8 gene, which causes a @entity3 and a deterioration of the bone structure. Our aim was to describe a 5 year-old @entity0 affected by @entity10 , associated with an extremely severe @entity1 , who was treated effectively with a combination of upper airway surgery and positive pressure ventilation. METHODS: A 5 year-old @entity0 affected by @entity10 was referred to us for @entity9 and @entity6 , and who developed an extremely severe @entity4 . RESULTS: Polysomnography showed extremely severe OSAS (AHI = 81.6 events/hour). The @entity0 was treated successfully with a combination of adenotonsillectomy, uvulo-palato-pharingo plasty (UPPP), followed by positive pressure ventilation. Polysomnographic recordings confirmed the striking reduction of obstructive respiratory events during sleep (from 81.6 to 12.3 events/hour). Lateral skull Rx and cephalometric measures showed that the Posterior Airway Space (PAS) increased from 3 to 19 mm. The decision to perform UPPP in association with adeno-tonsillectomy was motivated by the presence of @entity7 , caused by @entity5 and prolapsed soft tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest that a conservative surgical treatment, consisting of adenotonsillectomy plus UPPP, may increases the patency of the upper airway, both at palatal and pharyngeal level. The combination of adenotonsillectomy plus UPPP, followed by CPAP ventilation, may avoid tracheotomy in very severe OSAS @entity0 .

title: XXXX with @entity4 : a possible alternative to tracheotomy.

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) outbreaks in @entity2 herds lead to the implementation of standard control measures according to legislative regulations. Ideal outbreak control entails the @entity0 and efficient culling of all @entity1 on premises detected positive for @entity3 virus. Often all @entity1 holdings around the detected cases are pre-emptively destroyed to exclude transmission into the neighbourhood. In addition to these measures, zones are defined in which surveillance and protection measures are intensified to prevent further distant disease spread. In particular, all movements are prohibited within standstill areas. Standstill also excludes the transport of fattened @entity1 to slaughter. Historical outbreaks provide evidence of the success of this control strategy. However, the extent to which the individual strategy elements contribute to this success is unknown. Therefore, we applied a spatially and temporally explicit epidemic model to the problem. Its rule-based formulation is tailored to a one-by-one model implementation of existing control concepts. Using a comparative model analysis the individual contributions of single measures to overall control success were revealed. From the results of the model we concluded that movement restrictions had the dominant impact on strategy performance suggesting a reversal of the current conceptual thinking. Additional measures such as pre-emptive culling only became relevant under imperfect compliance with movement restrictions. The importance of movement restrictions for the overall control success illustrates the need for explicit consideration of this measure when contingency strategies are being amended (e.g. emergency vaccination) and associated risks assessed.

title: The role of movement restrictions and pre-emptive destruction in the emergency control strategy against XXXX outbreaks in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) outbreaks in @entity2 herds lead to the implementation of standard control measures according to legislative regulations. Ideal outbreak control entails the @entity0 and efficient culling of all @entity1 on premises detected positive for @entity3 virus. Often all @entity1 holdings around the detected cases are pre-emptively destroyed to exclude transmission into the neighbourhood. In addition to these measures, zones are defined in which surveillance and protection measures are intensified to prevent further distant disease spread. In particular, all movements are prohibited within standstill areas. Standstill also excludes the transport of fattened @entity1 to slaughter. Historical outbreaks provide evidence of the success of this control strategy. However, the extent to which the individual strategy elements contribute to this success is unknown. Therefore, we applied a spatially and temporally explicit epidemic model to the problem. Its rule-based formulation is tailored to a one-by-one model implementation of existing control concepts. Using a comparative model analysis the individual contributions of single measures to overall control success were revealed. From the results of the model we concluded that movement restrictions had the dominant impact on strategy performance suggesting a reversal of the current conceptual thinking. Additional measures such as pre-emptive culling only became relevant under imperfect compliance with movement restrictions. The importance of movement restrictions for the overall control success illustrates the need for explicit consideration of this measure when contingency strategies are being amended (e.g. emergency vaccination) and associated risks assessed.

title: The role of movement restrictions and pre-emptive destruction in the emergency control strategy against @entity3 outbreaks in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 specialists are often involved in assessing social medical aspects of @entity3 @entity0 . A standardized examination in the assessment process is not published. Data and statements on the assessment process between 1993 and 1997 were recorded from 15 experts by questionnaire. Statements to 568 reports were made. The majority of performance impairments were caused by back @entity2 (35.9%) and @entity1 (19.3%). All examiners integrated a psychological assessment. Although the assessment processes were very different, all examiners fulfilled the minimal criteria of the presented process for assessment of @entity3 @entity0 . Verifying the symptoms as well as capturing some aspects of aggravation proved to be problematic. The present assessment practice is discussed with regard to the unequal procedure. On basis of the received data and the own experience in examination the process of structured assessment of @entity3 @entity0 is presented under medical and psychological aspects. It contains a recommendation of a standardized process with minimal criteria and an optional supplement of the standardized process with problematical @entity0 (e.g.demonstration, aggravation, simulation). Minimal demands on a qualified assessment of @entity3 @entity0 should contain the study of the history, the German @entity2 -Questionnaire, the analysis of all the @entity2 with weighting their importance, the examination and the basic registration of sensational, emotional, cognitive, behavioral and social aspects of the @entity3 . An appended glossary of the most usable psychological tests with comments on their validation criteria aims to provide a more standard multimodal assessment of @entity3 @entity0 complaints and functionability.

title: [ XXXX specialist in the assessment process].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the relative incidence of second @entity4 in @entity0 who continued smoking compared with those who had ceased smoking. METHODS: This is a retrospective study based on review of the Wake Forest University-Baptist Medical Center Tumor Registry for the years 1985 through 2000. Ninety-one @entity0 who had had an index @entity3 and who developed a second independent head and neck @entity1 , were identified. These cases were grouped into synchronous (different sites within 6 months) and metachronous (different site after 6 months or same site after 3 years) second @entity1 and were examined with respect to smoking history-specifically whether smoking had continued or ceased after the diagnosis of the index @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 91 @entity0 identified with double head and @entity3 , 88 were @entity5 users. Comprising the group of 54 @entity0 with metachronous second primaries were 51 smokers-25 who had continued and 26 who had ceased @entity5 use. Of the 26 @entity0 who had quit smoking but had developed a second primary, 13 had stopped smoking even before the index primary had been diagnosed. The remaining 13 had stopped when the index primary was treated. CONCLUSIONS: A review of 91 @entity0 with double head and neck @entity1 indicate no difference in the frequency of second @entity1 developing in a group of @entity0 who continued to smoke after diagnosis of their index @entity1 relative to @entity0 who stopped smoking. This finding suggests a critical cellular level of cumulative and persistent damage. Methods to reverse this @entity2 are hypothesized to be potentially more significant than smoking cessation efforts in preventing subsequent @entity3 .

title: Second @entity3 and XXXX usage.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the relative incidence of second @entity4 in @entity0 who continued smoking compared with those who had ceased smoking. METHODS: This is a retrospective study based on review of the Wake Forest University-Baptist Medical Center Tumor Registry for the years 1985 through 2000. Ninety-one @entity0 who had had an index @entity3 and who developed a second independent head and neck @entity1 , were identified. These cases were grouped into synchronous (different sites within 6 months) and metachronous (different site after 6 months or same site after 3 years) second @entity1 and were examined with respect to smoking history-specifically whether smoking had continued or ceased after the diagnosis of the index @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 91 @entity0 identified with double head and @entity3 , 88 were @entity5 users. Comprising the group of 54 @entity0 with metachronous second primaries were 51 smokers-25 who had continued and 26 who had ceased @entity5 use. Of the 26 @entity0 who had quit smoking but had developed a second primary, 13 had stopped smoking even before the index primary had been diagnosed. The remaining 13 had stopped when the index primary was treated. CONCLUSIONS: A review of 91 @entity0 with double head and neck @entity1 indicate no difference in the frequency of second @entity1 developing in a group of @entity0 who continued to smoke after diagnosis of their index @entity1 relative to @entity0 who stopped smoking. This finding suggests a critical cellular level of cumulative and persistent damage. Methods to reverse this @entity2 are hypothesized to be potentially more significant than smoking cessation efforts in preventing subsequent @entity3 .

title: Second XXXX and @entity5 usage.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Source-" + "Collateral-" acupoints ["Shenmen" ( @entity1 7) + "Zhizheng"(SI 7)] and single acupoints "Neiguan"(PC 6) and @entity1 7 on cardiac function and myocardial enzymes in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . METHODS: Sixty Chinchilla @entity0 were randomized into normal control, model, Shenmen ( @entity1 7), Neiguan (PC 6), @entity1 7 + SI 7 groups, with 8 @entity0 in each. @entity2 model was duplicated by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery under anesthesia. EA (2 Hz,1 mA) was applied to acupoints @entity1 7, PC 6,and @entity1 7 + SI 7 for 10 min. The maximum ascending rate (+ dp/dt max) and maximum descending rate (-dp/dt max) of the left ventricular pressure (LVP) were recorded by using PowerLab System. Serum @entity3 dehydrogenase (LDH) and @entity4 kinase MB (CK-MB) contents were detected with chromatometry. RESULTS: Serum LDH and OK-MB contents increased significantly in model group than in normal control group (P < 0.01). Compared with model group, serum LDH and CK-MB contents decreased remarkably in PC 6, @entity1 7 and @entity1 7 + SI 7 groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and the effects of @entity1 7 + SI 7 group were significantly superior to those of PC 6 and @entity1 7 groups in lowering serum LDH and CK-MB levels (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, + dp/dt max lowered significantly and -dp/dt max increased markedly in the model group (P < 0.01), while compared with the model group, + dp/dt max increased obviously and -dp/dt max decreased significantly in the three EA groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The effects of @entity1 7 + SI 7 group were markedly superior to those of @entity1 7 and PC 6 in raising + dp/dt max and lowering -dp/dt max (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and those effects of PC 6 group were evidently better than those of @entity1 7 group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: EA of "Source-" + "Collateral-" aoupoints ( @entity1 7 + SI 7), @entity1 7 and PC 6 has a positive effect in improving changes of cardiac function and in lowering serum LDH and CK-MB contents in @entity2 @entity0 , and the effect of EA of @entity1 7 + SI 7 is superior to that of EA of single acupoint.

title: [Effects of electroacupuncture of "source-" plus "collateral-" acupoints on the cardiac function and myocardial enzymes in @entity2 XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Source-" + "Collateral-" acupoints ["Shenmen" ( @entity1 7) + "Zhizheng"(SI 7)] and single acupoints "Neiguan"(PC 6) and @entity1 7 on cardiac function and myocardial enzymes in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . METHODS: Sixty Chinchilla @entity0 were randomized into normal control, model, Shenmen ( @entity1 7), Neiguan (PC 6), @entity1 7 + SI 7 groups, with 8 @entity0 in each. @entity2 model was duplicated by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery under anesthesia. EA (2 Hz,1 mA) was applied to acupoints @entity1 7, PC 6,and @entity1 7 + SI 7 for 10 min. The maximum ascending rate (+ dp/dt max) and maximum descending rate (-dp/dt max) of the left ventricular pressure (LVP) were recorded by using PowerLab System. Serum @entity3 dehydrogenase (LDH) and @entity4 kinase MB (CK-MB) contents were detected with chromatometry. RESULTS: Serum LDH and OK-MB contents increased significantly in model group than in normal control group (P < 0.01). Compared with model group, serum LDH and CK-MB contents decreased remarkably in PC 6, @entity1 7 and @entity1 7 + SI 7 groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and the effects of @entity1 7 + SI 7 group were significantly superior to those of PC 6 and @entity1 7 groups in lowering serum LDH and CK-MB levels (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, + dp/dt max lowered significantly and -dp/dt max increased markedly in the model group (P < 0.01), while compared with the model group, + dp/dt max increased obviously and -dp/dt max decreased significantly in the three EA groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The effects of @entity1 7 + SI 7 group were markedly superior to those of @entity1 7 and PC 6 in raising + dp/dt max and lowering -dp/dt max (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and those effects of PC 6 group were evidently better than those of @entity1 7 group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: EA of "Source-" + "Collateral-" aoupoints ( @entity1 7 + SI 7), @entity1 7 and PC 6 has a positive effect in improving changes of cardiac function and in lowering serum LDH and CK-MB contents in @entity2 @entity0 , and the effect of EA of @entity1 7 + SI 7 is superior to that of EA of single acupoint.

title: [Effects of electroacupuncture of "source-" plus "collateral-" acupoints on the cardiac function and myocardial enzymes in XXXX @entity0 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the influencing factors in culturing Sprague-Dawley (S-D) @entity0 retinal neurons in order to lay foundation for further experimental research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retinal cells were plated on plastic plates and coverslips coated with @entity3 or @entity4 polymer for primary culture. The cultured cells were divided into following groups: 1. Culture medium changed every 2 to 3 days vs changed only once; 2. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) added to the culture medium vs not added. The cells were observed and pictured under inverted phase contrast microscope. The cells were identified through immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: The immunofluorescence showed that most of the cultured cells were neurons, among them were a few @entity1 cells. In the cultured group of which substrata coated with @entity3 and culture medium added with @entity2 , the neurons intended to aggregate into clusters with relatively straight neurites. In the group of which substrata coated with @entity4 polymer and medium added with @entity2 , the neurons grew dispersively with bent neurites. Both of them survived for 2 to 3 weeks. The cells which plated in the medium not added with @entity2 did not aggregate into clusters and survived longer than 4 weeks. In the group of which medium changed several times, the survival time of neurons was shorter than that in the medium changed only once. CONCLUSIONS: The retinal neurons plated on the substrata coated with @entity4 polymer are easy to observe because of its dispersive growth. It is not favorable for the growth of the neurons by changing culture medium many times. @entity2 may possibly have side effect on the growth of retinal neurons.

title: The study of influencing factors on the growth characters of XXXX retinal neurons in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 with @entity1 uniformly have disease involving the distal colon. When @entity0 have disease limited to the left colon or symptoms suggestive of @entity2 , guidelines recommend topical rectal therapies as first-line agents either as monotherapy or in conjunction with oral products. Rectal delivery modalities offer the advantage of delivering high local concentrations of active medication to the site of maximal inflammation with minimization of systemic side effects. Methods of rectal administration include suppositories, liquid enemas and foams. Suppositories are limited to the treatment of @entity6 , and @entity0 often have difficulty retaining the liquid enema secondary to its high volume and consistency. Rectal foams reliability extend to the descending and sigmoid colon with application. Foams are further characterized by increased viscosity, lower volumes, finer dispersion on the colonic mucosa, and @entity4 compared with liquid enemas. Additionally, rectal foam agents demonstrate equal efficacy to their liquid enema counterparts yet consistently yield better @entity0 tolerance, lower incidence of side effects, and increased @entity0 acceptability. Currently available agents include @entity5 and @entity3 , both first and newer generation. This review focuses on clinical trials assessing efficacy, tolerability, and @entity0 preferences for these agents as well as describing the currently available rectal foam products.

title: Foam preparations for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Hypofractionated radiotherapy has an intrinsically different normal tissue and @entity1 radiobiology. The results of a prospective trial of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for @entity3 with long-term @entity0 -reported @entity2 and @entity1 control rates are presented. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 2003 through 2009, 67 @entity0 with clinically localized @entity3 were enrolled. Treatment consisted of 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions using SBRT with the CyberKnife as the delivery technology. No @entity0 received hormone therapy. @entity0 self-reported @entity7 were graded on the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scale (RTOG). RESULTS: Median follow-up was 2.7 years. There were no grade 4 @entity2 . Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Grade 3, 2, and 1 bladder @entity2 were seen in 3% (2 @entity0 ), 5% (3 @entity0 ), and 23% (13 @entity0 ) respectively. Dysuria exacerbated by urologic instrumentation accounted for both @entity0 with Grade 3 @entity2 . @entity4 , @entity8 , or persistent @entity5 was not observed. Rectal Grade 3, 2, and 1 @entity2 were seen in 0, 2% (1 @entity0 ), and 12.5% (7 @entity0 ), respectively. Persistent rectal bleeding was not observed. Low-grade @entity2 were substantially less frequent with QOD vs. QD dose regimen (p = 0.001 for gastrointestinal and p = 0.007 for genitourinary). There were two @entity6 (PSA), biopsy-proven failures with negative metastatic workup. Median PSA at follow-up was 0.5    0.72 ng/mL. The 4-year Kaplan-Meier PSA relapse-free survival was 94% (95% confidence interval, 85%-102%). CONCLUSION: Significant late @entity7 from SBRT for @entity3 are infrequent. PSA relapse-free survival compares favorably with other definitive treatments. The current evidence supports consideration of stereotactic body radiotherapy among the therapeutic options for @entity3 .

title: Long-term outcomes from a prospective trial of stereotactic body radiotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The scope of this study was to apply the Biolog system to identify and characterize a Serratia strain isolated from the surface of black plastic pieces which constitute the fluidized bed filter (onsite wastewater technology, OSWT). The preliminary isolation of the strain was done in the medium with @entity1 at a 16 mg/l concentration. To characterize the isolated strain, the following Biolog methods were applied: (1) EcoPlates microplates for evaluation of physiological profiling, (2) GEN III OmniLog   ID System for identification of the isolate, and (3) phenotypic microarrays (PM) technology for evaluation of sensitivity to antibiotics (PM11 and PM12). Results were recorded using the original OmniLog   software. The Serratia strain was identified as @entity3 ss marcescens with similarity index 0.569. The same identification was obtained by the 16S rDNA analysis. PM analysis showed an enhancement of phenotype (resistance or growth) of this strain to 35 antibiotics. The loss of phenotype (sensitivity or non-growth) was observed only for 5 antibiotics: @entity6 (0.4   g/ml), @entity2 (0.9   g/ml), @entity0 (18.0   g/ml), @entity5 (25.0   g/ml) and @entity4 (1100   g/ml). This study acknowledges that the methods proposed by the Biolog system allow correct and complete identification and characterization of the microbes isolated from different environments. Phenotypic microarrays could be successfully used as a new tool for identification of the multi-antibiotic resistance of bacteria and for determination of the minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC).

title: Application of the BIOLOG system for characterization of XXXX ss marcescens isolated from onsite wastewater technology (OSWT).

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To improve the treatment efficacy and reduce the side effect of @entity3 ( @entity4 ), the antitumor drug was incorporated into niosomes (NS). METHODS: Lung targeted niosomes of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were prepared by the method of hand shaking. The ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of @entity4 . The method of dynamic dialysis was used for in vitro release of @entity4 from @entity4 . The S-180 @entity0 models were established by i.v. @entity1 cells in @entity2 . The number of pulmonary nodules was examined for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS: The data showed that the mean diameter of @entity4 was 3.72 microns, with a span of 0.66. The entrapment ratio of @entity4 in @entity4 was 29.2% and the @entity4 were stable for three months stored at 3 degrees C-5 degrees C, 15 degrees C-25 degrees C or 37 degrees C (relative humidity 75%). The release profile in vitro could be described by a biexpotential equation. The calculated values of the three targeting parameters indicated that @entity4 showed good targeting efficiency. The results of therapeutic trials showed that the antitumor effects were significantly increased by injection of @entity4 compared with @entity4 in the treatment of @entity2 with @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The results indicated that @entity4 have good targeting efficiency in vivo, and the biodegradable @entity4 may decrease the side effects of @entity3 and improve its therapeutic efficacy.

title: [Studies on lung targeted niosomes of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: To study regional wall motion early in the development of @entity2 , left ventriculograms performed in 24 @entity0 before thrombolysis and within 3.5(1.2) (mean (SD] hours of the onset of @entity1 were digitised frame by frame. Isometric and contour plots of regional wall motion were constructed. In 19 @entity0 (seven with anterior descending, eight with right, and four with circumflex disease) @entity3 was demonstrated on an underlying stenosis. In 10 @entity0 the two remaining coronary arteries were normal, and in nine, one or both showed important disease. Mean values of global indices of left ventricular function, including end diastolic volume, ejection fraction, peak ejection and filling rates, and cavity shape changes were all within normal limits, though end systolic volume was significantly raised. Total systolic amplitude of wall motion was normal in the affected area in all but seven @entity0 (four with anterior descending, two with right, and one with circumflex @entity3 ). Dyskinesis of more than 2 mm was seen in only three @entity0 , all with @entity3 of the anterior anterior descending coronary artery, and @entity7 was present in four. The commonest abnormality of wall motion was hypokinesis during ejection followed by prolonged inward motion during isovolumic relaxation, which was seen in four @entity0 with anterior descending, seven with right, and three with circumflex artery @entity3 . This was preceded by outward motion during isovolumic contraction and delayed inward motion during ejection in eight with right or circumflex @entity3 . Five of six @entity0 without @entity3 had @entity5 or dyskinesis without asynchrony. Disease of other coronary arteries did not affect the pattern of wall motion seen after right or circumflex @entity6 but it reduced the incidence of delayed inward motion along the free wall after @entity3 of anterior descending artery. Thus early after acute @entity4 asynchronous wall motion is commoner than @entity5 or dyskinesis. Its persistence suggests that in the setting of @entity4 in @entity0 , residual contractile activity may persist for up to six hours after the onset of symptoms.

title: Asynchronous left ventricular wall motion early after XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The magnitude and direction of reported physiological effects induced using @entity1 ( @entity1 ) to modulate @entity0 motor cortical excitability have proven difficult to replicate routinely. We conducted an online survey on the prevalence and possible causes of these reproducibility issues. A total of 153 researchers were identified via their publications and invited to complete an anonymous internet-based survey that asked about their experience trying to reproduce published findings for various @entity1 protocols. The prevalence of questionable research practices known to contribute to low reproducibility was also determined. We received 47 completed surveys from researchers with an average of 16.4 published papers (95% CI 10.8-22.0) that used @entity1 to modulate motor cortical excitability. Respondents also had a mean of 4.0 (2.5-5.7) relevant completed studies that would never be published. Across a range of @entity1 protocols, 45-60% of respondents found similar results to those in the original publications; the other respondents were able to reproduce the original effects only sometimes or not at all. Only 20% of respondents used formal power calculations to determine study sample sizes. Others relied on previously published studies (25%), personal experience (24%) or flexible post-hoc criteria (41%). Approximately 44% of respondents knew researchers who engaged in questionable research practices (range 32-70%), yet only 18% admitted to engaging in them (range 6-38%). These practices included screening subjects to find those that respond in a desired way to a @entity1 protocol, selectively reporting results and rejecting data based on a gut feeling. In a sample of 56 published papers that were inspected, not a single questionable research practice was reported. Our survey revealed that approximately 50% of researchers are unable to reproduce published @entity1 effects. Researchers need to start increasing study sample size and eliminating-or at least reporting-questionable research practices in order to make the outcomes of @entity1 research reproducible.

title: The Use and Abuse of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Modulate Corticospinal Excitability in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: A 19-year-old male military recruit who presented for a screening physical for US Naval Special Warfare Duty was found to have @entity6 . Medical history revealed mildly increased frequency of bowel movements, but was otherwise unremarkable. His presentation was most consistent with heterozygous @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and the @entity0 was cleared for Special Operations duty. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE. Keywords included @entity5 , heterozygous @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity6 , diving, special operations, and military. Results that included cases of @entity5 were included. RESULTS: Review of the literature reveals that @entity5 is a @entity1 frequently, but not always, due to a mutation in the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene. Those with the condition should be screened for ophthalmologic, neurologic, and @entity2 . Analysis of the disease, as well as the absence of reported cases of @entity5 in diving and Special Operations, suggest there is minimal increased risk in diving and Special Operations for @entity0 who are likely heterozygous, are asymptomatic, and have a negative workup for potential complications from the disease. CONCLUSION: Individuals with presumed or proven heterozygous @entity5 seeking clearance for Special Operations duty should be given precautions, undergo careful questioning for history of disease-specific complications, and should have a baseline evaluation. If negative, it seems reasonable to clear the @entity0 for Special Operations and diving.

title: XXXX in a Special Operations Candidate: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The individual contributions of central (brain) and peripheral (enteric) sites in the mediation of the systemic actions of opioids are not well established. In this study, we made use of @entity4 , a quaternary analog of @entity1 , to separate the central and peripheral components of the slowing action of @entity2 on gastrointestinal transit in @entity0 . It was established that i.c.v., but not s.c., administration of quaternary @entity1 antagonized @entity2 -induced @entity3 in the radiant-heat tail-flick assay in @entity0 . Thus, quaternary @entity1 probably does not enter the central nervous system in significant amounts after systemic administration. Systemic quaternary @entity1 antagonized, in a dose-related manner, the delaying effects of @entity2 on the movement of a charcoal meal along the gastrointestinal tract. Quaternary @entity1 was 30 or 100 times less potent than @entity1 when administered s.c. or i.c.v., respectively. Unlike @entity1 , quaternary @entity1 antagonized @entity2 -induced slowing of gastrointestinal transit only when administered by the same route (i.e., both s.c. or both i.c.v.). The apparent pA2 for s.c. quaternary @entity1 against s.c. @entity2 was not significantly different from the apparent pA2 for i.c.v. quaternary @entity1 against i.c.v. @entity2 . Distinct and independent central and peripheral systems appear to mediate @entity2 -induced inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in @entity0 . However, the receptors are probably of the same type. Peripherally selective antagonists such as quaternary @entity1 may be useful in reversing @entity2 -induced inhibition of gastrointestinal transit without affecting @entity3 .

title: Independent central and peripheral mediation of XXXX -induced inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The individual contributions of central (brain) and peripheral (enteric) sites in the mediation of the systemic actions of opioids are not well established. In this study, we made use of @entity4 , a quaternary analog of @entity1 , to separate the central and peripheral components of the slowing action of @entity2 on gastrointestinal transit in @entity0 . It was established that i.c.v., but not s.c., administration of quaternary @entity1 antagonized @entity2 -induced @entity3 in the radiant-heat tail-flick assay in @entity0 . Thus, quaternary @entity1 probably does not enter the central nervous system in significant amounts after systemic administration. Systemic quaternary @entity1 antagonized, in a dose-related manner, the delaying effects of @entity2 on the movement of a charcoal meal along the gastrointestinal tract. Quaternary @entity1 was 30 or 100 times less potent than @entity1 when administered s.c. or i.c.v., respectively. Unlike @entity1 , quaternary @entity1 antagonized @entity2 -induced slowing of gastrointestinal transit only when administered by the same route (i.e., both s.c. or both i.c.v.). The apparent pA2 for s.c. quaternary @entity1 against s.c. @entity2 was not significantly different from the apparent pA2 for i.c.v. quaternary @entity1 against i.c.v. @entity2 . Distinct and independent central and peripheral systems appear to mediate @entity2 -induced inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in @entity0 . However, the receptors are probably of the same type. Peripherally selective antagonists such as quaternary @entity1 may be useful in reversing @entity2 -induced inhibition of gastrointestinal transit without affecting @entity3 .

title: Independent central and peripheral mediation of @entity2 -induced inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have previously reported that the intraperitoneal injection of viable bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) reduces the incidence of @entity0 takes and the rate of @entity0 growth and also increases @entity0 regression rate and survival in C3H/HeN @entity1 challenged with the @entity2 . We have now investigated the immunoprophylactic effect of BCG and other biological response modifiers. Groups of 12 to 15 female C3H/HeN @entity1 were challenged with 5 X 10(5) MBT-2 viable cells and treated with BCG, @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity3 or a combination of these agents. Appropriate controls were included in each experiment. In this study we confirmed previous findings that BCG alone is effective in prophylaxis and can also decrease the rate of @entity0 growth in those animals not protected against @entity0 takes. Both i.p. levamisole and oral @entity4 lacked activity against the @entity0 . A single i.p. injection of poly I:C was also ineffective although its repeated administration reduced the rate of @entity0 growth and induced a significant number of @entity0 regressions. Combined therapy of BCG with either levamisole or @entity4 offered no therapeutic advantage over BCG alone. Heat-inactivated BCG also failed to induce anti- @entity0 activity in C3H/HeN @entity1 challenged with MBT-2 cells. These results indicate that live BCG remains the most active immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic agent against the MBT-2 @entity1 @entity2 . Furthermore, the anti- @entity0 effect of viable BCG is not potentiated further by the addition of other immune modulating agents.

title: Prophylaxis and therapy of an experimental XXXX with biological response modifiers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy and tolerability of @entity6 (GVG) in the treatment of @entity1 . 36 @entity0 with severe therapy resistant @entity1 participated, the majority exhibiting complex partial @entity4 . The mean follow-up period was 9.3 months. GVG was administered as add-on therapy, to keep serum levels of concomitant treatment constant. The mean dose of GVG was 2.6 g's per day. Fifty-six per cent of the @entity0 , including three @entity0 with juvenile @entity5 , experienced more than a 50% reduction in @entity4 frequency. No signs of tolerance development to the antiepileptic effect of GVG was demonstrated. Two @entity0 were withdrawn from GVG treatment due to increased @entity4 frequency, and two due to side effects in the form of @entity3 and @entity2 . Incidentally, the side effects observed were harmless and transient. Fifty per cent of the @entity0 experienced no side effects at all. GVG seems to be a valuable antiepileptic compound. The results of this long-term study confirm observations from several short controlled trials.

title: Long-term study of @entity6 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy and tolerability of @entity6 (GVG) in the treatment of @entity1 . 36 @entity0 with severe therapy resistant @entity1 participated, the majority exhibiting complex partial @entity4 . The mean follow-up period was 9.3 months. GVG was administered as add-on therapy, to keep serum levels of concomitant treatment constant. The mean dose of GVG was 2.6 g's per day. Fifty-six per cent of the @entity0 , including three @entity0 with juvenile @entity5 , experienced more than a 50% reduction in @entity4 frequency. No signs of tolerance development to the antiepileptic effect of GVG was demonstrated. Two @entity0 were withdrawn from GVG treatment due to increased @entity4 frequency, and two due to side effects in the form of @entity3 and @entity2 . Incidentally, the side effects observed were harmless and transient. Fifty per cent of the @entity0 experienced no side effects at all. GVG seems to be a valuable antiepileptic compound. The results of this long-term study confirm observations from several short controlled trials.

title: Long-term study of XXXX in the treatment of @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The histopathologic characteristics of primary plaques and recurrent @entity1 were studied in 32 @entity0 . These data were related to symptoms, recurrence interval (6 to 176 months), arteriographic anatomy, and in situ operative findings. A striking predilection was noted for recurrent lesions to be located in the internal carotid artery near the origin, but still within the confines, of the original endarterectomy site and suture line. Although recurrence was frequently associated with a long primary arteriotomy, evidence of technical faults or periarterial @entity2 was rare. Early recurrent lesions (recurrence interval less than 36 months, n = 13) had significantly more smooth muscle cells and proteoglycans (p less than 0.001) than late recurrent lesions (recurrence interval greater than 36 months, n = 19). As previously reported, features of @entity6 (abundant collagen, @entity4 deposits, and foam cells) were more pronounced in late recurrences (p less than 0.001). However, the histopathologic differentiation between early and late recurrent @entity1 was indistinct. A continuum was noted whereby characteristics of late recurrent lesions increased in proportion to recurrence interval. All recurrent lesions were easily distinguished from primary plaques in that recurrences had a less orderly arrangement of all elements and lacked the classic topographic features of advanced @entity6 . An important feature that differentiated primary and recurrent lesions was the presence of surface and intraplaque @entity5 in 90% of recurrent lesions (p less than 0.001). In early recurrent disease, luminal surface @entity5 was striking; this was frequently platelet-rich and showed organization devoid of @entity7 . Intraplaque @entity5 was more common in late recurrent disease, consisted almost entirely of fibrin, and was often contiguous with luminal surface @entity5 . No discernible relationships were noted between @entity5 associated with recurrent lesions and the presence or absence of symptoms, treatment with antiplatelet agents, and @entity3 . This finding suggests that @entity5 was a continuous and intrinsic component of recurrent disease rather than a secondary, complicating feature. Recurrent @entity1 is a progressive lesion that stems from ongoing thrombogenesis occurring at the endarterectomy site. Organized @entity5 and smooth muscle cell proliferation comprise the bulk of the lesion, which undergoes @entity6 change with time.

title: Morphogenesis and clinicopathologic characteristics of recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 remains a major problem in current surgical practice. This study assesses the predictive role of neutrophil @entity4 in the development of @entity3 in surgical @entity0 . Neutrophil @entity4 was measured in 30 @entity1 @entity0 undergoing gastrointestinal surgery and in 26 healthy age and sex-matched controls. Neutrophil @entity4 was significantly reduced (P less than 0.02) in the @entity0 (mean 79.2 micron +/- 2.7 s.e.m.) compared with the controls (mean 86.8 micron +/- 1.9 s.e.m.). In the entire @entity0 group neutrophil @entity4 did not change to any appreciable extent following surgery. However, in the seven @entity0 who developed postoperative septic complications, @entity4 , which was similar to control levels in the pre-operative stage, declined significantly following surgery. Pre-operative values for the septic group of @entity0 are 92.4 micron +/- 4.02 s.e.m.. These declined to 73.4 micron +/- 3.15 s.e.m. (P less than 0.05) and to 68.2 micron +/- 2.89 s.e.m. (P less than 0.05), 5-8 days (early) and 10-14 days (late) postoperatively respectively. Neutrophil @entity4 in the non-septic group of @entity0 did not alter over this same period. The data suggest that the onset of @entity2 in @entity0 is accompanied by impairment of chemotactic properties in their neutrophils. However, it is also evident that measurement of this variable in @entity0 before operation does not help to define an 'at risk' group for the development of @entity2 .

title: The association of impaired neutrophil XXXX with postoperative surgical @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 remains a major problem in current surgical practice. This study assesses the predictive role of neutrophil @entity4 in the development of @entity3 in surgical @entity0 . Neutrophil @entity4 was measured in 30 @entity1 @entity0 undergoing gastrointestinal surgery and in 26 healthy age and sex-matched controls. Neutrophil @entity4 was significantly reduced (P less than 0.02) in the @entity0 (mean 79.2 micron +/- 2.7 s.e.m.) compared with the controls (mean 86.8 micron +/- 1.9 s.e.m.). In the entire @entity0 group neutrophil @entity4 did not change to any appreciable extent following surgery. However, in the seven @entity0 who developed postoperative septic complications, @entity4 , which was similar to control levels in the pre-operative stage, declined significantly following surgery. Pre-operative values for the septic group of @entity0 are 92.4 micron +/- 4.02 s.e.m.. These declined to 73.4 micron +/- 3.15 s.e.m. (P less than 0.05) and to 68.2 micron +/- 2.89 s.e.m. (P less than 0.05), 5-8 days (early) and 10-14 days (late) postoperatively respectively. Neutrophil @entity4 in the non-septic group of @entity0 did not alter over this same period. The data suggest that the onset of @entity2 in @entity0 is accompanied by impairment of chemotactic properties in their neutrophils. However, it is also evident that measurement of this variable in @entity0 before operation does not help to define an 'at risk' group for the development of @entity2 .

title: The association of impaired neutrophil @entity4 with postoperative surgical XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Therapeutic whole body @entity3 (WBH) as an additional therapy in the treatment of @entity1 has been known for a long time and is beginning to attain acceptance. In a clinical study 28 @entity0 were treated 70 times with WBH at a core temperature of 41.8 degrees C. @entity3 was induced and maintained with an extracorporal circuit (ECC). @entity0 were anaesthesized with nitrous @entity2 , enflurane and @entity4 . Therefore artificial ventilation was mandatory. Invasive monitoring was used to control vital functions. The effect of WBH includes a rise in cardiac output and heart rate as well as a decrease in total vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure. Pulmonary function almost remains constant. A raised @entity2 consumption is compensated by a rise of @entity2 availability. In consequence of an augmented perspiratio insensibilis and the ECC, close observation of fluid and electrolyte balance is necessary. According to our experience the small number of complications and problems allows the treatment with WBH even of @entity0 with a high risk of anaesthesia.

title: [Experiences with therapeutic whole-body XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The accuracy of diagnosis of diffusely infiltrative @entity2 by direct endoscopic biopsy and cytologic examination were examined. A histologic diagnosis was made in 54 (83.1%) and a cytologic diagnosis in 49 (75.4%) of 65 @entity0 . By combined histologic and cytologic examinations, the overall diagnostic rate was raised to 87.7%. False-negative results were most frequent for @entity1 without @entity5 or shallow @entity4 . Positive diagnoses from histologic examination were usually obtained from @entity5 or @entity4 rather than from normal-appearing mucosa. These findings indicate that endoscopic detection of erosion or @entity4 and subsequent biopsy are important for the diagnosis of diffusely infiltrative @entity2 . The authors developed a procedure for heparinized fine-needle aspiration biopsy under direct vision with a gastrofiberscope. In this procedure, heparinization of the needle and injector prevented @entity3 . This made it possible to obtain good smears containing less degenerated @entity1 cells, and to obtain histologic materials. By this method, a correct cytologic diagnosis was made in all 11 @entity0 examined. Histologic material was obtained from four @entity0 in whom histologic and cytologic information on @entity1 could not be obtained by routine endoscopic examination.

title: Evaluation of fine-needle aspiration biopsy under direct vision gastrofiberscopy in diagnosis of diffusely infiltrative XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Central accumulation and distribution of body fat (BF) is an important cardiometabolic risk factor. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), commonly elevated in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 , has been endorsed as a risk related marker of central BF content and distribution, but no standardized waist circumference measurement protocol (WCmp) has been proposed. We aimed to investigate whether using different WCmp affects the strength of association between WHR and BF content and distribution in @entity1 @entity0 . BF was assessed with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in 28 @entity1 @entity0 (19 males, 51    13 yrs, and 9 females, 47    13 yrs). Waist circumference (WC) was measured using four different WCmp ( @entity2 : minimal waist; WC2: iliac crest; WC3: mid-distance between iliac crest and lowest rib; WC4: at the umbilicus) and WHR was calculated accordingly (WHR1, WHR2, WHR3 and WHR4, respectively). High WHR was found in up to 84.6% of subjects, depending on the WHR considered. With the exception of WHR1, all WHR correlated well with abdominal BF (r=0.47 for WHR1; r=0.59 for WHR2 and WHR3; r=0.58 for WHR4) and BF distribution (r=0.45 for WHR1; r=0.56 for WHR2 and WHR3; r=0.51 for WHR4), controlling for age, sex and body mass index (BMI). WHR2 and WHR3 diagnosed exactly the same prevalence of high WHR (76.9%). The present study confirms the strong relation between WHR and central BF, regardless of WCmp used, in @entity1 @entity0 . WHR2 and WHR3 seemed preferable for use in clinical practice, interchangeably, for the diagnosis of high WHR in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Waist-to-Hip Ratio is Related to Body Fat Content and Distribution Regardless of the Waist Circumference Measurement Protocol, in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Adequate @entity1 material was obtained for phenotypic classification using a standard library of monoclonal antibodies from 81 previously untreated @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), or @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Sixty-one individuals were adults and 20 were @entity0 of 14 yr or younger. Fifty-eight of the @entity0 (72%) had @entity2 and the remaining 23 (28%) had @entity4 or @entity3 . Considering only the @entity0 with @entity2 (n = 58) the median age was 19 yr (range 3-69 yr): 9% were black, 43% were coloured, 48% were white, and the distribution between adult (n = 38) and paediatric @entity0 (n = 20) was comparable. Complete remission rate in the adults was 58% and in the paediatric group 85%. For the total group (n = 58) median duration of survival was 59 weeks for common, 39 weeks for null, 63 weeks for @entity5 , and 13 weeks for B- @entity2 subtypes. In both the common and the null groups overall and disease-free survival was superior in the @entity0 . In contrast, no difference was evident in the @entity5 group, which was also notable for its high incidence in young coloured males. The 15 @entity0 with @entity4 and eight with @entity3 were adults and all the cells were phenotypically of B lineage: in view of the small numbers no comments are possible about ethnic differences. A multi-centre collaborative study is needed to define the epidemiology of @entity1 in South Africa, with emphasis on differences among ethnically distinct subpopulations.

title: Immunophenotypic classification of XXXX and @entity3 --an experience in the south-western area of the Cape Province of South Africa.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Adequate @entity1 material was obtained for phenotypic classification using a standard library of monoclonal antibodies from 81 previously untreated @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), or @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Sixty-one individuals were adults and 20 were @entity0 of 14 yr or younger. Fifty-eight of the @entity0 (72%) had @entity2 and the remaining 23 (28%) had @entity4 or @entity3 . Considering only the @entity0 with @entity2 (n = 58) the median age was 19 yr (range 3-69 yr): 9% were black, 43% were coloured, 48% were white, and the distribution between adult (n = 38) and paediatric @entity0 (n = 20) was comparable. Complete remission rate in the adults was 58% and in the paediatric group 85%. For the total group (n = 58) median duration of survival was 59 weeks for common, 39 weeks for null, 63 weeks for @entity5 , and 13 weeks for B- @entity2 subtypes. In both the common and the null groups overall and disease-free survival was superior in the @entity0 . In contrast, no difference was evident in the @entity5 group, which was also notable for its high incidence in young coloured males. The 15 @entity0 with @entity4 and eight with @entity3 were adults and all the cells were phenotypically of B lineage: in view of the small numbers no comments are possible about ethnic differences. A multi-centre collaborative study is needed to define the epidemiology of @entity1 in South Africa, with emphasis on differences among ethnically distinct subpopulations.

title: Immunophenotypic classification of @entity2 and XXXX --an experience in the south-western area of the Cape Province of South Africa.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The management of portal @entity2 focuses on control of its complications, the most important of which is @entity4 esophageal varices. Other complications, such as @entity5 , @entity4 @entity6 , and @entity7 , rarely require surgical intervention. Other than medical management, the three basic procedures now available for the treatment of @entity4 esophageal varices include decompression of varices with a portosystemic shunt, nonshunting operations that attack directly the esophageal variceal-bearing area, and liver transplantation as the procedure of choice in selected @entity0 . @entity0 who present with episodes of @entity4 are usually treated initially with medical therapy including acute sclerotherapy or balloon tamponade techniques when necessary. If the @entity0 fails to respond or if episodes of @entity4 recur, further therapy is required. Although selection of therapy remains controversial, it is based on multiple factors. These include the basic pathogenic mechanism of portal @entity2 in the individual @entity0 , status of the @entity0 as defined by @entity0 's classification, elective or urgent nature of the operation, hemodynamic stability of the @entity0 at the time of the procedure, site of the block in the portal system, and caliber and anatomic relationship of the vessels available for @entity3 in the portal system. Additional factors include the presence and severity of @entity5 or @entity1 , age of the @entity0 , site of @entity4 (esophageal or gastric), severity of associated @entity7 , and techniques and expertise available at a given institution. Shunting procedures achieve the best long-term control of @entity4 , but they can precipitate the development of @entity1 . Nonshunting procedures do not induce @entity1 , but they are usually associated with a high rate of rebleeding. Also, with the possible exception of sclerotherapy, they are still associated with a high operative mortality rate in alcoholic @entity0 classified as @entity0 's C. Although sclerotherapy controls acute variceal @entity4 more successfully than conventional methods, it is not readily applicable in @entity0 with @entity4 gastric varices. Also, it has not yet clearly been proved to be an effective method of permanent control of @entity4 and has not been demonstrated to increase survival. The new methods of extensive esophagogastric devascularization (for example, porta-azygos disconnection using the Sugiura procedure) are attractive because of the low late recurrence rate for @entity4 without the induction of @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Management of complications of portal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 12-year-old @entity1 visited our hospital with complaints of severe upper @entity4 . Marked tenderness was present in the upper abdomen, and a movable hard @entity2 the size of a fist was felt there. Because abdominal computed tomography scans revealed @entity9 , an emergency laparotomy was performed. The small intestine was invaginated over an area measuring 30 cm in length. After the invaginated intestine was restored, a mass was felt in the small intestine, which was resected over an area measuring approximately 10 cm in length. The extracted mass was histopathologically found to be a @entity10 . The @entity1 was diagnosed to have @entity8 ( @entity8 ) based on the presence of @entity7 detected on the oral cavity, lips, and toes of both feet. @entity8 is an @entity3 associated with melanin pigment spots on the oral mucosa, lips, nasal alae, palm, and soles, as well as @entity8 in the alimentary canal. @entity5 are often a cause of @entity9 and ileus in affected @entity1 . @entity6 , uterine @entity2 , and @entity0 are also seen in @entity1 with @entity8 . A long-term follow-up is required to prevent @entity9 and ileus in @entity1 and @entity2 in adults.

title: XXXX associated with intestinal intussusception: a case report.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Studies were designed to examine skin test responses to leishmanial antigens in American @entity2 (AVL) in Brazil. We found that after recovery from AVL, @entity0 had positive delayed @entity1 reactions to @entity7 . Different amounts of a soluble extract obtained from @entity7 chagasi promastigotes were compared with whole L. d. chagasi promastigotes in @entity0 with past AVL. The most effective soluble preparations tested contained 25 and 50 micrograms leishmanial protein. These produced positive responses in 95%-100% of the individuals with past AVL. The 25 micrograms protein dose was used in further studies. This preparation produced no positive responses in either normal controls, @entity4 @entity0 , or @entity6 @entity0 , and less than 5% positive responses in @entity0 with @entity5 . The same amount of soluble extract prepared from L. mexicana amazonensis produced 82% positive skin test responses in @entity0 with past AVL. When @entity0 living in an area endemic for AVL were skin tested with the 25 micrograms preparation of L. d. chagasi extract, 34.1% yielded positive tests with a low number of positive responses in young @entity0 and 48% positive in adults. Only 3.1% of the population studied had a history of AVL. We have found that positive delayed @entity1 response to a soluble @entity7 extract is a sensitive and specific indicator of @entity3 with AVL.

title: Selection of a skin test antigen for American XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Based on a detailed clinical and laboratory investigation of 89 @entity0 with histologically verified @entity8 and the pertinent medical literature, we have reviewed the etiologic factors, clinical characteristics, and results of treatment of this @entity6 . The incidence of the @entity1 in the Finnish population is low, 2.4 to 4.3 new cases per 10(6) inhabitants per year. The age distribution profile demonstrated four distinct peak periods: the juvenile period, the fertile period, the middle-age period and the old-age period. The juvenile @entity8 is an extraabdominal @entity1 found in young @entity0 , the fertile variety is an @entity1 found in @entity0 , the middle age variety is also overwhelmingly abdominal but the sex ratio approaches equality, whereas in the old age group, both @entity1 are equally frequent and the sex ratio is equal. In all male @entity0 , the growth rate was low. A low growth rate was also recorded in young @entity0 . A growth rate of twice that speed was seen in fertile @entity0 and four times that speed in the middle age group. In the old age group, a low growth rate, equal to that of male @entity0 , was a rule. The fertile female @entity0 with @entity8 had a significant predisposition to @entity5 dominance and deviation from @entity9 dominance. The direct relationship of the growth rate to the level of endogenous @entity5 in the female @entity0 and the demonstration of significant amounts of @entity2 but not @entity9 receptors in the @entity1 cytosol further suggest that the growth rate of @entity8 is regulated by @entity4 sex hormones. A significant number of @entity0 with an @entity8 had a history of surgical @entity3 in the region of subsequent @entity1 growth. A very high number of the @entity0 demonstrated @entity7 . An increased frequency of these @entity7 was also recorded in the families of the @entity0 and the distribution of the @entity7 among the family members was compatible with an autosomally dominant pattern of inheritance. After operation, the frequency of recurrence was not statistically different, regardless of whether the @entity1 was completely removed or not. A combination of operation and radiotherapy did not reduce the frequency of recurrences; in fact, it doubled it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The @entity8 . New aspects in the cause, pathogenesis and treatment of the XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Based on a detailed clinical and laboratory investigation of 89 @entity0 with histologically verified @entity8 and the pertinent medical literature, we have reviewed the etiologic factors, clinical characteristics, and results of treatment of this @entity6 . The incidence of the @entity1 in the Finnish population is low, 2.4 to 4.3 new cases per 10(6) inhabitants per year. The age distribution profile demonstrated four distinct peak periods: the juvenile period, the fertile period, the middle-age period and the old-age period. The juvenile @entity8 is an extraabdominal @entity1 found in young @entity0 , the fertile variety is an @entity1 found in @entity0 , the middle age variety is also overwhelmingly abdominal but the sex ratio approaches equality, whereas in the old age group, both @entity1 are equally frequent and the sex ratio is equal. In all male @entity0 , the growth rate was low. A low growth rate was also recorded in young @entity0 . A growth rate of twice that speed was seen in fertile @entity0 and four times that speed in the middle age group. In the old age group, a low growth rate, equal to that of male @entity0 , was a rule. The fertile female @entity0 with @entity8 had a significant predisposition to @entity5 dominance and deviation from @entity9 dominance. The direct relationship of the growth rate to the level of endogenous @entity5 in the female @entity0 and the demonstration of significant amounts of @entity2 but not @entity9 receptors in the @entity1 cytosol further suggest that the growth rate of @entity8 is regulated by @entity4 sex hormones. A significant number of @entity0 with an @entity8 had a history of surgical @entity3 in the region of subsequent @entity1 growth. A very high number of the @entity0 demonstrated @entity7 . An increased frequency of these @entity7 was also recorded in the families of the @entity0 and the distribution of the @entity7 among the family members was compatible with an autosomally dominant pattern of inheritance. After operation, the frequency of recurrence was not statistically different, regardless of whether the @entity1 was completely removed or not. A combination of operation and radiotherapy did not reduce the frequency of recurrences; in fact, it doubled it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The XXXX . New aspects in the cause, pathogenesis and treatment of the @entity8 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Previous studies have shown that lymphocytic infiltrates of different @entity1 @entity0 contain different proportions of the T cell subsets @entity8 + and @entity7 +. These characteristic subset ratios may be established, at least in part, by differential locomotion of subsets in response to components of the @entity0 microenvironment, such as soluble chemotactic and chemokinetic factors, cell and stromal surfaces, @entity2 tension, and pH. We describe a new in vitro assay for determining how such microenvironmental variables affect lymphocyte locomotion. Suspended lymph node cells, alone or mixed with other cell types, are sandwiched between two layers of type I collagen gel and bathed in culture medium. A halo of locomotory cells fans out around the flattened droplet. Locomotion requires energy and exogenous protein. After a 24-hr incubation at 37 degrees C, 10% @entity4 in air, the cell density of the halo is analyzed optically and the subset ratios are characterized by immunofluorescence staining of the gel sandwich. Under standard culture conditions, the locomotory population is enriched 12% in Thy-1+ cells compared with the bulk population, and the ratio of @entity8 + to @entity7 + cells is significantly increased. Lymphocyte locomotion is inhibited by 1 microM @entity6 , by decreased pH and @entity2 tension, and by the presence of normal mammary cells or mammary @entity3 cells. The @entity8 +:2+ ratio in the locomotory population is not altered by @entity6 but is reduced by acidity and @entity5 . The ratio is also reduced by the presence of mammary cells and cells of one of the mammary @entity3 cell lines tested (168) but not by two others (68H and 410). Our data support the hypothesis that the locomotion of T cell subsets is differentially responsive to the types of microenvironmental conditions that vary among @entity0 .

title: T cell locomotion in the XXXX microenvironment. I. A collagen-matrix assay.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The present study was designed to elucidate the effects of @entity2 -coupled transport on the electrical properties of proximal tubule cells in the isolated perfused frog kidney. Cable analysis techniques have been employed to determine the resistance of the luminal and peritubular cell membranes in parallel (Rm) and the apparent ratio of the luminal over the peritubular cell membrane resistance ( @entity4 ). Furthermore, the sensitivity of the potential difference across the peritubular cell membrane (PDpt) to 6-fold increases of peritubular @entity1 concentration (delta PDk) was taken as a measure of the relative @entity1 conductance of this membrane. In the absence of luminal @entity0 , PDpt amounts to -60 +/- 1 mV (n = 90), Rm to 36 +/- 3 k omega cm (n = 22), @entity4 to 1.81 +/- 0.14 (n = 20), and delta PDk to 15.0 +/- 0.9 mV (n = 25). The application of 10 mmol/l @entity0 replacing 10 mmol/l @entity3 leads to a rapid (within 30 s) depolarisation of PDpt to 50 +/- 5% of its control value and to a delayed (within 12 min) recovery to 95 +/- 5% of control. The rapid depolarisation is associated with a decline of Rm and @entity4 , indicating a decrease mainly of the luminal cell membrane resistance. During recovery of PDpt there is a parallel increase of @entity4 and a further decline of Rm pointing to a decline of the basolateral cell membrane resistance. Delta PDk is decreased during rapid depolarisation but increases again during the recovery phase. Thus, @entity0 initially decreases but then increases above control the apparent @entity1 conductance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of XXXX on the electrical properties of proximal tubule cells in the frog kidney.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity4 -V600 mutation is the most common mutation in cutaneous @entity3 and is currently considered a target mutation when planning treatment for @entity3 @entity0 . Various techniques are used to determine the mutation status. The aim of this study was to determine the @entity4 -V600 mutation status in primary and metastatic foci of @entity3 cases and the consistency between the results of immunohistochemical and molecular methods. METHODS: A total of 48 primary or metastatic cases were included in the study. Pyrosequencing was used as the molecular method and the VE1 antibody for immunohistochemical evaluation when determining the @entity4 -V600 mutation. RESULTS: The @entity4 -V600 mutation was found in 75 of the 96 @entity2 (78.1%) from the 48 cases. @entity5 and @entity6 were present in 60 and 10 @entity2 , respectively, whereas @entity7 and @entity9 were present in 2 @entity2 and @entity8 in 1 @entity2 . There was no mutation in 5 metastases (12.8%) of the 39 cases with a V600 mutation in the @entity2 and no mutation in the @entity2 of 2 of the 36 cases (5.6%) with the V600 mutation in the @entity1 . Fifty-six @entity2 were immunohistochemically positive where a @entity5 mutation was detected with pyrosequencing. @entity2 (n = 20) and @entity2 with non- @entity5 mutations (n = 15) on pyrosequencing were immunonegative with VE1. The sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemistry were 93.3% and 97.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, @entity4 -V600 mutation inconsistencies of up to 14.5% can be seen between the primary and metastatic foci in @entity3 cases. These findings should be taken into account when planning targeted therapy and deciding on treatment responsiveness/unresponsiveness. An immunohistochemical method can be used as the first step to detect a @entity4 -V600 mutation but additional molecular methods should be used when immunohistochemistry results are negative.

title: @entity4 -V600 Mutation Heterogeneity in Primary and XXXX : A Study With Pyrosequencing and Immunohistochemistry.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity4 -V600 mutation is the most common mutation in cutaneous @entity3 and is currently considered a target mutation when planning treatment for @entity3 @entity0 . Various techniques are used to determine the mutation status. The aim of this study was to determine the @entity4 -V600 mutation status in primary and metastatic foci of @entity3 cases and the consistency between the results of immunohistochemical and molecular methods. METHODS: A total of 48 primary or metastatic cases were included in the study. Pyrosequencing was used as the molecular method and the VE1 antibody for immunohistochemical evaluation when determining the @entity4 -V600 mutation. RESULTS: The @entity4 -V600 mutation was found in 75 of the 96 @entity2 (78.1%) from the 48 cases. @entity5 and @entity6 were present in 60 and 10 @entity2 , respectively, whereas @entity7 and @entity9 were present in 2 @entity2 and @entity8 in 1 @entity2 . There was no mutation in 5 metastases (12.8%) of the 39 cases with a V600 mutation in the @entity2 and no mutation in the @entity2 of 2 of the 36 cases (5.6%) with the V600 mutation in the @entity1 . Fifty-six @entity2 were immunohistochemically positive where a @entity5 mutation was detected with pyrosequencing. @entity2 (n = 20) and @entity2 with non- @entity5 mutations (n = 15) on pyrosequencing were immunonegative with VE1. The sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemistry were 93.3% and 97.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, @entity4 -V600 mutation inconsistencies of up to 14.5% can be seen between the primary and metastatic foci in @entity3 cases. These findings should be taken into account when planning targeted therapy and deciding on treatment responsiveness/unresponsiveness. An immunohistochemical method can be used as the first step to detect a @entity4 -V600 mutation but additional molecular methods should be used when immunohistochemistry results are negative.

title: XXXX -V600 Mutation Heterogeneity in Primary and @entity3 : A Study With Pyrosequencing and Immunohistochemistry.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In 78 @entity2 -anesthetized @entity1 , we characterized the responses of single neurons in the dorsal horn of L(6)-S(1) spinal segments to a noxious visceral stimulus ( @entity0 , @entity3 ), and studied the effects of focal electrical stimulation of Nucleus Submedius (Sm) on these responses using standard extracellular microelectrode recording techniques. A total of 102 neurons were isolated on the basis of spontaneous activity. Eighty (78%) responded to @entity3 , of which 70% had excitatory and 30% had inhibitory responses. Neurons showed graded responses to graded @entity3 pressures (20-100 mmHg), with maximum excitation or inhibition occurring at 100 mmHg. Responses to noxious (pinch, heat) and innocuous (brush, tap) cutaneous stimuli were studied in 73 of the spinal dorsal horn neurons isolated. Fifty-seven (78%) of these neurons (46 @entity3 -responsive and 11 @entity3 -nonresponsive) had cutaneous receptive fields, of which 35 (61%) were small and ipsilateral, 14 (25%) were large and ipsilateral, 7 (12%) were large or small and bilateral, and 1 (2%) was small and contralateral. Sixty-one percent of these neurons responded to both noxious and innocuous cutaneous stimulation, 35% responded only to noxious stimulation, and 4% responded only to innocuous stimulation. Electrical stimulation (50-300 microA) of the contralateral Sm produced intensity-dependent attenuation of the @entity3 -evoked activities of most neurons (18/28 of @entity3 -excited and 7/12 of @entity3 -inhibited) tested. Sm stimulation produced facilitation of @entity3 responses of only one neuron ( @entity3 -inhibited). Sm stimulation had no effects on spontaneous activity. These data indicate that Sm may be involved in the descending inhibitory modulation of visceral nociception at the spinal level.

title: Electrical stimulation of thalamic Nucleus Submedius inhibits responses of spinal dorsal horn neurons to colorectal distension in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 has been described in chronic @entity3 since 1927. The CT Scan has stimulated considerable interest and studies have shown that 50% of chronic schizophrenics and up to 20% of acute schizophrenics have enlarged ventricles. Widening of cortical sulci, @entity2 , third @entity1 and reversed hemispheric asymmetry have also been reported. @entity1 seems to both predate the development of @entity4 and to develop further during the course of the illness. Twin studies indicate that @entity1 may be the result both of genetic vulnerability and of environmental onslaught. The other abnormalities may be secondary. Schizophrenics without @entity1 of a range of @entity6 -related variables. Schizophrenics with @entity1 show some evidence of @entity5 and @entity7 cell loss. Very few published papers address the issue of treatment response. These seem to demonstrate a relationship between enlargement and poor response to neuroleptic medication. Schizophrenics with very large ventricles may also be particularly sensitive to the adverse effects of neuroleptics. It is not yet clear that the CT Scan may be used to identify @entity0 unlikely to respond to medication. Long term prospective studies are required.

title: Computed tomographic brain studies and treatment response in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Nociception and loss of awareness during exposure to anaesthetic concentration of @entity3 ( @entity2 ) were studied in eight male medical students. The cold water nociception test, where a hand is immersed in 0 degree C stirred water, was used for measurement of nociception. At irregular intervals an auditory command was given to oppose two fingers, and this served to monitor consciousness. The selected inspiratory concentration of @entity2 used per individual was sufficient to induce a @entity1 for more than 2.5 min, within 10 min of exposure to @entity2 . This concentration of @entity2 varied from 60% to 80%. The experimental exposure to @entity2 lasted 3 h. In all volunteers significant antinociception was observed within 2 min of exposure to @entity2 . The maximal analgesic effect was observed between 20 and 30 min of exposure to @entity2 . The analgesic effect of @entity2 gradually decreased and was absent in all eight volunteers within 150 min. Two volunteers regained consciousness at 77 and 91 min of exposure, whilst still breathing 60 and 80% @entity2 . These results show that tolerance to antinociceptive effects of @entity2 in @entity0 rapidly develops and that awareness may occur in some volunteers during prolonged exposure to @entity2 .

title: Tolerance to XXXX in volunteers.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the cutoff percentage of cells containing intracellular organisms (ICOs) in the microscopic examination of mini-lavage fluid for the diagnosis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and to study the accuracy of this diagnostic procedure on @entity0 who have received previous @entity2 ( @entity2 ). DESIGN: Prospective clinical investigation. SETTING: The medico-surgical ICU of a university hospital. @entity0 : Eighty-two @entity0 who fulfilled the clinical criteria of first episode of @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Lower airway secretion samples were obtained by a nonbronchoscopic protected bronchoalveolar mini-lavage (mini-PBAL). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: A total of 82 mini-PBALs were performed. The fluid obtained was divided into two samples. The first sample underwent direct microscopic examination using centrifugal cytology and Giemsa stain in order to determine the percentage of cells containing ICOs. The second sample was processed for Gram stain and quantitative cultures. @entity1 was the final diagnosis in 65 @entity0 based on the mini-PBAL results obtained in the quantitative cultures. At least one bacterial species grew in a significant concentration (> or = 10(3) cfu/mL). The mini-PBAL was performed on 42 @entity0 during @entity2 (> or = 24 h of effective @entity2 at the time of diagnostic procedure) and on another 40 @entity0 with no @entity2 (No @entity2 ). The results of the quantitative cultures were compared with the percentage of cells containing ICOs using a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. The cutoff point of > or = 2% of cells containing ICOs had the highest sensitivity (80%) and specificity (82%) in the studied population (area under the ROC curve [AUC], 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70 to 0.90). In @entity0 receiving @entity2 , the sensitivity was 70% and specificity was 75% (AUC, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.90); and in No @entity2 -group @entity0 sensitivity was 88% and specificity was 100% (AUC, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.0). The comparative analysis of both ROC curves was statistically significant (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The cutoff point of > or = 2% of cells containing ICOs has the highest sensitivity and specificity in the microscopic examination of mini-lavage fluid for the diagnosis of @entity1 . However, sensitivity is too low to be clinically useful. The direct examination of mini-PBAL fluid is less accurate when previous @entity2 has been administered.

title: Microscopic examination of intracellular organisms in protected bronchoalveolar mini-lavage fluid for the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effects of chronic ovine PRL (oPRL) infusion on resting systolic blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and pressor responsiveness to acute administration of @entity2 and angiotensin were studied in adult male @entity0 . oPRL was administered over 7 days, via osmotic pump implanted ip on Day 1, at rates of 0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, 1.20, and 4.80 micrograms/hr. Resting BP and heart rate were indirectly determined in conscious @entity0 by tail cuff technique on Days 1, 4, and 7 following pump implantation. In addition, acute pressor responses to ia @entity2 (4.3 micrograms) and angiotensin (1.25 micrograms) were directly measured via arterial cannula in @entity3 -anesthetized @entity0 on Day 7 of oPRL administration. oPRL infusion did not alter resting BP or heart rate over the 7 days. However, oPRL increased the BP response to @entity2 at infusion rates of 0.60 and 4.80 micrograms/hr (P less than 0.01 vs controls). Body weight increases during the study were also greater in groups receiving 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, and 4.80 micrograms oPRL/hr (P less than 0.05) than those in control animals. oPRL decreased pressor responses to angiotensin at infusion rates of 0.30 and 1.20 micrograms/hr (P less than 0.01). These data suggest that, although the vascular effects of oPRL may not be evident under resting conditions, oPRL enhances vascular reactivity to @entity2 infusion and depresses vascular reactivity to angiotensin infusion. Furthermore, at oPRL infusion rates which affect pressor responses to @entity2 , oPRL increases body @entity1 . These findings support a role for PRL in cardiovascular regulation during conditions of altered sympathetic activity.

title: Effect of prolactin on blood pressure and cardiovascular responsiveness in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Caudal anaesthesia is the most frequently used regional technique in paediatric anaesthesia. Caudal in combination with general anaesthesia is usually performed in healthy @entity0 (i.e. for herniotomy or @entity6 ). Therefore every complication of this method is a catastrophe, even when the incidence of these complications is very low. Some of the documented complications of caudal anaesthesia in @entity0 are caused by the local anaesthetic solutions and/or by additives. Thus, the choice of substances for paediatric caudal blocks should minimize the risk associated with the substances used for this indication. Over the last decades the standard was @entity3 but because of serious @entity1 following inadvertent intravascular injection of @entity3 during caudal puncture, the less toxic @entity4 should be favoured for this indication. A huge number of clinical studies have proven the clinical effectiveness and safety of @entity4 also for this indication. In addition, @entity5 , the L-enantiomere of @entity3 , will also be an interesting local anaesthetic in the future for paediatric caudal anaesthesia. By using additives to local anaesthetics better analgesic properties should be obtained. Following an exact review of the literature, only @entity2 and @entity7 are useful additives to local anaesthetics in paediatric caudal anaesthesia.

title: [The choice of drugs for caudal anaesthesia in XXXX . An overview].

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND METHOD: @entity3 is the first cause of invalidity and the third cause of @entity2 in modern day society. The final outcome after a @entity1 depends of the speed with which treatment is administered and its quality. It is for this reason that the treatment of @entity1 begins by applying strategies to reduce the delay in receiving medical attention both outside and inside the hospital. Care includes stabilising the @entity0 , with special attention being given to protecting the air passages, treatment of arterial blood pressure and heartbeat rate. The initial evaluation must be quick and focused on determining a differential diagnosis, the estimation of the volume and location of the @entity4 , as well as considering specific therapies. Amongst the latter, the only one currently approved is thrombolysis with intravenous recombinant @entity5 (rtPA) in selected @entity0 and with a clinical course of less than three hours duration. Intra arterial thrombolysis is a promising therapy for @entity0 with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, which has been contrasted angiographically and is less than 6 hours old. CONCLUSIONS: In these moments there is no evidence to support the use of antithrombotic or neuroprotector drugs to improve the neurological state. Following the initial stabilisation and evaluation, it is advisable for the @entity0 to be admitted to a @entity1 unit in order to avoid complications, to complete the evaluation and to start secondary prevention and rehabilitation. @entity1 units are an intervention in themselves, since they lower mortality and invalidity. While only a minority of @entity0 currently benefit from specific therapies, @entity1 units are an intervention that can potentially have positive repercussions on the huge majority of @entity0

title: [Treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Control of penile erection requires the coordination of the hypothalamus and the L6-S1 region of the spinal cord. Erection requires the activation of neuronal @entity2 synthase ( @entity5 ), which is tightly regulated. Because variants of @entity5 (penile @entity5 : PnNOS) and the @entity3 receptor (truncated NMDAR subunit 1: @entity6 -T) as well as @entity4 ( @entity4 ) have all been located in the @entity1 , this work aims to determine whether these proteins are also present in the hypothalamus. It was found that PnNOS, the brain-type @entity5 , and @entity4 , were expressed in the hypothalamus. In contrast, @entity6 -T was expressed only in the penis, whereas the brain-type @entity6 was present in the brain and sacral spinal cord and not in the penis. PnNOS was found in the media preoptic area, posterior magnocellular, and the parvocellular regions of the paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, septohypothalamic nucleus, medial septum, cortex, and in some of the @entity5 staining neurons throughout the brain. It was absent in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. @entity4 staining was present in neurons of the medial preoptic area, paraventricular nucleus, medial septum, and cortex, but not in the supraoptic nucleus, septohypothalamic nucleus, or organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. Colocalization between PnNOS and @entity4 was found in the medial preoptic area, medial septum, and cortex, and less in the paraventricular nucleus. PnNOS and @entity0 were colocalized in the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. In hypothalamic extracts, recombinant @entity4 -GST protein bound to PnNOS in the extracts and partially inhibited NOS activity. These results indicate that both @entity5 variants, and their respective regulatory proteins are present and colocalize in the hypothalamic and spinal cord regions involved in penile erection.

title: Penile neuronal XXXX synthase and its regulatory proteins are present in hypothalamic and spinal cord regions involved in the control of penile erection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In a random sample of 976 coloured @entity0 17.2% of @entity0 and 18.4% of @entity0 were @entity1 (greater than or equal to 160/95 mmHg or receiving medication). In the same population 35.6% of @entity0 and 24.7% of @entity0 suffered from total @entity1 (greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg). @entity0 between 25 and 44 years had a markedly higher prevalence of @entity1 than @entity0 of the same age. Above this age the situation was reversed. Correcting for under- and over-cuffing increased the mean pressures in @entity0 and decreased them in older @entity0 . Only 42.2% of @entity1 @entity0 and 69.9% of @entity0 were aware of their condition. Only 41.3% were on medication for it and a mere 16% had blood pressures below 160/95 mmHg. @entity1 had significantly lower intakes of @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity9 and saturated fat than normotensive subjects. Young @entity1 consumed more salt than older @entity1 . Both @entity7 were positively associated with @entity3 consumption, smoking (in men), total serum @entity2 , low-density lipoprotein @entity2 , non-fasting @entity4 and @entity5 levels. @entity1 subjects were less educated and showed more type A coronary-prone behaviour than normotensives. A comparison of the prevalence of @entity1 in the four South African ethnic groups is given.

title: XXXX in the coloured population of the Cape Peninsula.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 with acute occlusion of a major cerebral artery sequentially call on a hemodynamic reserve quantifiable in terms of rCBF and rCBV and then an @entity1 carriage reserve quantifiable in terms of rOER (Fig. 10). If both are exhausted, @entity2 supervenes and rCMRO2 becomes linearly related to rCBF. Depending on the degree and duration of fall in rCMRO2, variable degrees of @entity6 occur. @entity6 occurs more rapidly in subcortical than cortical tissue. The phase of maximal rOER is short, and rapid evolution by either reflow or delayed cell death results in an invariable decline of rOER to subnormal levels in the face of a low rCMRO2 (Fig. 11). This combination is characteristic of infarcted tissue. In some instances, partial @entity6 with a low perfusion reserve is observed with low rCMRO2, high though submaximal rOER, and no increase in rCMRO2 if rCBF is raised. This is a precarious situation predisposing to extension of @entity6 and suggests blood pressure should not be lowered acutely after a @entity3 unless the latter is caused by hypertensive @entity4 . This pattern, however, is rare, short-lived, and usually followed by late reflow or further @entity6 as a further fall in rCPP occurs, transiently or permanently. Tests of rCPP and the two homeostatic mechanisms involved in maintaining rCMRO2 using non-PET techniques suggest themselves and might form an objective basis for selection of @entity0 for prophylactic revascularization or bypass operations. PET techniques are now becoming available for assessing the blood-brain barrier, tissue pH, and @entity5 metabolism, all of which may have relevance to the further understanding of the evolution of @entity6 . The rapid study of very early @entity2 events is now required to elucidate further the potential for cerebral salvage therapy once @entity2 has occurred.

title: Pathophysiology of @entity0 cerebral ischemia: studies with positron tomography and 15 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 with acute occlusion of a major cerebral artery sequentially call on a hemodynamic reserve quantifiable in terms of rCBF and rCBV and then an @entity1 carriage reserve quantifiable in terms of rOER (Fig. 10). If both are exhausted, @entity2 supervenes and rCMRO2 becomes linearly related to rCBF. Depending on the degree and duration of fall in rCMRO2, variable degrees of @entity6 occur. @entity6 occurs more rapidly in subcortical than cortical tissue. The phase of maximal rOER is short, and rapid evolution by either reflow or delayed cell death results in an invariable decline of rOER to subnormal levels in the face of a low rCMRO2 (Fig. 11). This combination is characteristic of infarcted tissue. In some instances, partial @entity6 with a low perfusion reserve is observed with low rCMRO2, high though submaximal rOER, and no increase in rCMRO2 if rCBF is raised. This is a precarious situation predisposing to extension of @entity6 and suggests blood pressure should not be lowered acutely after a @entity3 unless the latter is caused by hypertensive @entity4 . This pattern, however, is rare, short-lived, and usually followed by late reflow or further @entity6 as a further fall in rCPP occurs, transiently or permanently. Tests of rCPP and the two homeostatic mechanisms involved in maintaining rCMRO2 using non-PET techniques suggest themselves and might form an objective basis for selection of @entity0 for prophylactic revascularization or bypass operations. PET techniques are now becoming available for assessing the blood-brain barrier, tissue pH, and @entity5 metabolism, all of which may have relevance to the further understanding of the evolution of @entity6 . The rapid study of very early @entity2 events is now required to elucidate further the potential for cerebral salvage therapy once @entity2 has occurred.

title: Pathophysiology of XXXX cerebral ischemia: studies with positron tomography and 15 @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 cement has become a popular alternative to bone grafts in reconstructing the calvarium. Although animal studies have shown promising results with use of @entity2 , @entity0 clinical studies have shown mixed results including significant rates of @entity1 . This is a retrospective chart review during a 7-year period (1997-2003) of 20 @entity0 who underwent secondary forehead cranioplasty with @entity2 cement (Norian Craniofacial Reconstruction System). Basic demographics including age, sex, and diagnosis were identified. Characteristics of the defects were recorded including size, location, and depth (full versus partial thickness). The volume of @entity2 and any adjunctive procedures were identified. The postoperative course was analyzed for length of follow-up and the presence of infections.Twenty @entity0 were identified in which Norian had been used and 3 @entity0 were lost to follow-up. Secondary forehead asymmetry was the most common presentation. The mean volume of @entity2 used was 24.4 mL. All @entity0 had initially acceptable aesthetic results. Of the 17 @entity0 , 10 (59%) ultimately had infectious complications. Infection occurred on a mean of 17.3 months after surgery (range, 4 mo to 4 y), and the mean amount of @entity2 used was 32.5 mL (infections) versus 14.3 mL (no infections). Of the 10 @entity0 with complications, 9 required surgical debridement and subsequent delayed reconstruction. Although @entity2 cement can yield excellent aesthetic results, its use in secondary reconstruction has yielded unacceptably high @entity1 rates leading to discontinuation of its use in this @entity0 population.

title: Complications of XXXX bone cement in secondary pediatric craniofacial reconstruction.

answer: @entity2