abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mucosal irregularity and hypervascularity associated with primary @entity1 in large airways are observed by bronchoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate microcirculation at subepithelial invasion sites of @entity1 . METHODS AND @entity0 : Between July 2001 and June 2007, 12 @entity0 who had subepithelial invasion sites of @entity1 in the large airways (aged 52 to 74 years, 12 males) were enrolled into this study. They were 6 @entity0 with @entity2 , 4 @entity0 with @entity3 , and 2 @entity0 with @entity4 . We compared 12 control subjects without endobronchial abnormality (aged 51 to 83 years, 9 males and 3 females). The @entity0 underwent conventional bronchoscopy and subsequent high magnification bronchovideoscopy with the conventional imaging and the narrow band imaging (NBI). For evaluating microcirculation of subepithelial invasion, hemoglobin index was calculated. RESULTS: In high magnification view, aberrant microvessels and/or irregular mucosal thickening were observed at subepithelial invasion sites of @entity1 . Irregularly enlarged microvessels were increased and formed an aberrant microvessel network on the surface of irregular mucosa. The diameter of aberrant microvessels was significantly increased compared to normal microvessels. By switching to NBI, the aberrant microvessels were more clearly visualized. The levels of hemoglobin index were significantly higher in subepithelial invasion sites of @entity1 compared to normal mucosa. CONCLUSION: In subepithelial invasion of @entity1 , aberrant microvessels are thought to be characteristic and subepithelial microcirculation may be increased.

title: Increased microcirculation in subepithelial invasion of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 radiation doses during interventional radiology procedures may reach the thresholds for radiation-induced @entity2 . This study investigates the irradiated areas and doses received by @entity0 undergoing @entity1 , which is regarded as a high dose interventional radiology procedure. For each procedure the fluoroscopic and digital dose-area product (DAP), the fluoroscopic time, the total number of acquired images and entrance-skin dose (ESD) calculated by the angiographic unit were recorded. The ESD was measured by means of thermoluminescent dosimeters. In this study, the skin, eye and thyroid gland doses and the irradiated area for 30 @entity0 were recorded. The average ESD was found to be 0.77 Gy for the posteroanterior plane and 0.78 Gy for the lateral plane. The average DAP was 48 Gy cm(2) for the posteroanterior plane and 58 Gy cm(2) for the lateral plane. The @entity0 's average right eye dose was 60 mGy and the dose to the thyroid gland was 24 mGy. Seven @entity0 received a dose above 1 Gy, one @entity0 exceeded the threshold for transient erythema and one exceeded the threshold for temporary epilation. A good correlation between the DAP and the ESD for both planes has been found. The doctor's eye dose has also been measured for 17 procedures and the average dose per procedure was 0.13 mGy.

title: A study on radiation doses and irradiated areas in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Conventional surgical treatment of bilateral @entity4 would require bilateral craniotomies and bilateral neck dissections for proximal control of the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA). We present a semiemergent case where bilateral ophthalmic @entity3 were clipped using a unilateral mini-pterional craniotomy and contralateral proximal cervical ICA control while employing the Sugita head frame. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 37-year-old female presented with progressive @entity1 . MRI/A revealed a right carotid-ophthalmic @entity4 as well as a small @entity4 on the left carotid-ophthalmic segment. Given the young age and medial orientation of the right @entity4 , direct surgical clipping was planned. It was our thought that a contralateral approach would afford us the best chance to clip the right medially pointing @entity4 fully without optic nerve retraction while having proximal control via exposure of contralateral cervical ICA. METHODS: After gaining proximal ICA control from right neck dissection, the Sugita frame was rotated to allow for a left pterional craniotomy. The right medially pointing ophthalmic @entity4 was clipped without optic nerve retraction. After dissection of the distal dural ring and gaining proximal control, the left @entity4 was clipped. Postoperatively, the @entity0 remained intact without any @entity2 , and both @entity4 were obliterated on angiography. CONCLUSION: Our case illustrates safety and control while clipping bilateral ophthalmic @entity3 via a unilateral mini-pterional approach and utility of the Sugita head frame.

title: Contralateral mini-craniotomy for clipping of bilateral ophthalmic XXXX using unilateral proximal carotid control and Sugita head frame.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity11 is a yellowish pigmentation of skin and mucous membranes caused by @entity14 , which itself has various causes. @entity11 related to @entity2 is classified as @entity15 . This disease proceeds from biliary tract obstruction and @entity13 by progression of @entity2 , including @entity1 from other @entity2 . @entity12 , @entity9 , or lymph nodes @entity1 from other sites of @entity2 are mainly responsible for the obstruction of the bile duct. In @entity0 with @entity15 , biliary drainage is often required in order to give treatments such as chemotherapy. In @entity0 with biliary drainage, various complications arise, such as @entity4 due to obstruction ofa biliary stent, and @entity8 from the @entity10 due to a dislodged stent to the duodenum. It is crucial to manage those complications as @entity5 . @entity11 of @entity13 due to hepatic @entity1 is often observed in @entity0 with @entity6 such as @entity7 or @entity3 . Although chemotherapy is the usual application for those patients, useful anti- @entity2 agents are limited. It is crucial to diagnose and decide the best treatments as soon as possible for @entity0 with very advanced hepatic @entity1 .

title: [Managements for XXXX ].

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity6 and @entity5 are recognized as major public health problems in many countries. This study investigated the association between bone quality and components of @entity6 in an elderly population. METHODS: The study included a population sample of 211 @entity0 and @entity0 , of mean age 77.9    4.5 years. Anthropometry, blood pressure, serum levels of lipoproteins (HDL and LDL), @entity8 and @entity7 were measured, and ultrasound bone densitometry was performed in all subjects. Information on lifestyle habits, including physical activity, smoking and @entity4 consumption, were obtained by a questionnaire. RESULTS: @entity6 , defined by the criteria of the International @entity1 Federation, was determined in 59% of @entity0 and 65% of @entity0 . The quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) was significantly correlated with serum @entity7 in @entity0 (r=-0.31; p=0.005) and with body mass index (BMI) in @entity0 (r=0.39; p<0.0001). QUI was significantly lower in @entity0 with @entity6 (F=7.57; p<0.007) and significantly higher in @entity0 with it (F=6.47; p=0.012) compared with controls. When QUI was adjusted for body mass index in @entity0 and for serum @entity7 in @entity0 , it was no longer significantly different from values for controls. Other covariates such as @entity3 , blood pressure, smoking, @entity4 , and physical activity did not change the difference in QUI between @entity0 with @entity6 and controls. @entity1 in @entity0 (p=0.005) and @entity2 and waist circumference in @entity0 (p<0.05) were also significant predictors of QUI in regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The association between @entity6 and bone stiffness in elderly @entity0 may be explained by increased BMI in @entity0 and high serum @entity7 in @entity0 .

title: Ultrasound bone measurement in an older population with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The paper presents preliminary results of @entity1 treatment with the use of vibroaerosols in adult @entity0 . 21 @entity0 aged 16-73 y.o. (mean age 49 y.o) have been included in the study. The treatment included inhalation of medicines individually selected for the @entity0 , based on the results of the physical examination. The @entity0 have been divided into 2 groups, depending on the type of tympanogram. Group I included @entity0 with type A tympanogram and abnormal Eustachian tube patency test result. Group II comprised of @entity0 with type B or C tympanogram and abnormal Eustachian tube patency test result. After treatment, subjective improvement has been observed in 88.9% of the ears, objective improvement in 61.5% of the ears. In group II, objective improvement observed by the change of tympanogram has been observed in 85% of ears. Lack of correlation between objective and subjective improvement have been observed in 26% of the ears. In 11.1% of the ears no benefit from treatment has been observed. The correlation between subjective and objective improvement has been observed in 74% of ears. It appears that treatment with the use of vibroaerosols is beneficial for @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: [Physiotherapy of XXXX in adults--preliminary report].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate apoptotic @entity0 cells as an antigen source for DC maturation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared the efficacy of ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation with that of gamma-irradiation in the induction of apoptosis of @entity0 cells. Phenotypic and functional changes of DCs were analyzed after co-incubation with UV-irradiated @entity0 cells. RESULTS: UV-irradiation (1.8 J/cm2) was a more reliable method of inducing apoptosis than gamma-irradiation (20,000 rad). The expression of costimulatory molecules on DCs was upregulated after co-incubation with UV-irradiated @entity0 cells. When we performed allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, UV-irradiated @entity0 cells-pulsed DCs stimulated allogeneic T lymphocytes more efficiently than DCs pulsed with gamma-irradiated cells (HT29, p = 0.0419 and WiDr, p = 0.0076). CONCLUSION: UV-irradiation reliably induces apoptosis in cultured @entity1 cells. DCs mature in function and expression of costimulatory molecules after co-incubation with apoptotic @entity0 cells. The clinical implications warrant further study.

title: Dendritic cell maturation induced by delivery of ultraviolet-mediated apoptotic XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has attracted considerable attention in media and professional publications. The aim of this review is to present a critical narrative overview of the published evidence on @entity1 . A systematic search of key academic databases was undertaken with no time restrictions set for publication. This was supplemented by additional searches of key websites, reference chaining and enquiries to @entity0 working in the field. A total of 54 items are included in the review, including both empirical research studies (18) and debate papers (36). The key themes discussed are: terminology and definitions; incidence; experiences; explanations; implications; and policy responses. Significant methodological limitations and gaps in the literature are identified. Evidence on incidence is scant, though it suggests that @entity1 is increasing. The literature suggests legal, social and political drivers, which vary in importance geographically and between individuals. Limited findings on @entity0 perceptions suggest a broadly positive @entity0 experience. Suggested policy responses include prohibition, regulatory harmonization and harm minimization. There is a need for better international data collection tools and both quantitative and qualitative work which encompasses views of @entity0 , donors, surrogates and professionals and which explores the implications for healthcare services in sending countries.

title: XXXX : a review of the literature.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is reported to show patchy midwall @entity1 on delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI). The intramural distribution of @entity1 and its correlation with clinical symptoms, @entity4 , and cardiac function have not been described forsymptomatic apical @entity5 . PURPOSE: To evaluate the features and significance of @entity1 on DE-MRI insymptomatic apical @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity0 with symptomatic apical @entity5 and their 65 apical segments were investigated. @entity1 and regional and global functional parameters were determined with MRI. We investigated the intramural distribution and frequencies of this @entity1 and compared them with the @entity0 ' clinical symptoms, the presence of @entity4 , and cine MRI. RESULTS: Eight (61.5%) @entity0 with symptomatic apical @entity5 displayed apical @entity1 , and 22 (33.8%) of the 65 apical segments examined showed @entity1 . Of the @entity1 observed, 81.8% showed a subendocardial pattern.The hyperenhanced @entity3 had a lower percentage of systolic myocardial thickening, and was associated with serious symptoms (e.g. @entity6 ) and @entity4 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 with symptomatic apical HCMshowed @entity1 involving the subendocardial layer, which might be related to regional @entity2 , serious clinical symptoms, and @entity4 .

title: Delayed-enhancement MRI of apical XXXX : assessment of the intramural distribution and comparison with clinical symptoms, @entity4 , and cine MRI.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is reported to show patchy midwall @entity1 on delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI). The intramural distribution of @entity1 and its correlation with clinical symptoms, @entity4 , and cardiac function have not been described forsymptomatic apical @entity5 . PURPOSE: To evaluate the features and significance of @entity1 on DE-MRI insymptomatic apical @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity0 with symptomatic apical @entity5 and their 65 apical segments were investigated. @entity1 and regional and global functional parameters were determined with MRI. We investigated the intramural distribution and frequencies of this @entity1 and compared them with the @entity0 ' clinical symptoms, the presence of @entity4 , and cine MRI. RESULTS: Eight (61.5%) @entity0 with symptomatic apical @entity5 displayed apical @entity1 , and 22 (33.8%) of the 65 apical segments examined showed @entity1 . Of the @entity1 observed, 81.8% showed a subendocardial pattern.The hyperenhanced @entity3 had a lower percentage of systolic myocardial thickening, and was associated with serious symptoms (e.g. @entity6 ) and @entity4 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 with symptomatic apical HCMshowed @entity1 involving the subendocardial layer, which might be related to regional @entity2 , serious clinical symptoms, and @entity4 .

title: Delayed-enhancement MRI of apical @entity5 : assessment of the intramural distribution and comparison with clinical symptoms, XXXX , and cine MRI.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been reported that ultrasound (US)-elastography is helpful in differentiation of benign and malignant solid masses and in reducing benign biopsy procedures for the supplemental breast US in addition to screening mammography. Furthermore, potential application of US-elastography in distinguishing @entity2 which is known to be a major source of benign biopsy results has been suggested. PURPOSE: To describe the aliasing artifact on US-elastography for @entity1 that mimic solid masses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 13 lesions which showed a blue-green-red pattern artifact on US-elastography in 13 @entity0 (mean age 50 years; age range 3-66 years). They disappeared immediately after a needle biopsy. Breast composition, mammography and US findings, histology and follow-up imaging findings were analyzed. RESULTS: All 13 @entity0 showed heterogeneously dense (n=5) or extremely dense breast parenchyma (n=8). The most common US findings were an irregular shape (n=7, 54%) and a circumscribed margin (n=7, 54%). All 13 lesions had internal echogenicity and were initially considered as solid masses; 62% (n=8) showed hypoechogenicity and 38% (n=5) had echogenic and anechoic components. Posterior shadowing was seen in 31% (n=4) of the lesions. All 13 lesions have been proven to be fibrocystic changes on biopsy histology. Follow-up US performed for 10 of 13 lesions showed no residual lesion (n=9) or decreased its size (n=1). CONCLUSION: An aliasing artifact that appears as a blue-green-red pattern in a breast mass as depicted on US-elastography is suggestive of a possible @entity1 .

title: Aliasing artifact depicted on ultrasound (US)-elastography for XXXX mimicking solid masses.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Body composition (fat mass [FM] and skeletal muscle mass [SMM]) predicts clinical outcomes. In particular, loss of SMM ( @entity2 ) is associated with frailty and mortality. There are no data on the prevalence and impact of FM and SMM in @entity0 undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The objective of this study is to determine body composition from pre-TAVI computed tomography (CT) and evaluate its association with clinical outcomes in @entity0 who underwent TAVI. A total of 460 @entity0 (mean age 81    8  years, @entity0 : 51%) were included. Pre-TAVI CTs of the aorto-ilio-femoral axis were analyzed for FM and SMM cross-sectional area at the level of the third lumbar vertebrae (L3). Regression equations correlating cross-sectional area at L3 to total body FM and SMM were used to determine prevalence of @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity1 in @entity0 (64%, 65%, and 46%, respectively). Most TAVI procedures were performed through a transfemoral approach (59%) using a balloon-expandable valve (94%). The 30-day and mid-term (median 12 months [interquartile range 6 to 27]) mortality rates were 6.1% and  29.6%, respectively. FM had no association with clinical outcomes, but @entity2 predicted cumulative mortality (hazard ratio 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 2.36, p  = 0.04). In  conclusion, body composition analysis from pre-TAVI CT is feasible. @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity1 are prevalent in the TAVI population, with @entity2 predictive of cumulative mortality.

title: Prognostic Value of Fat Mass and Skeletal Muscle Mass Determined by Computed Tomography in XXXX Who Underwent Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to explore the culture of antibiotic prescribing and consumption in the community for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) from the perspective of the general practitioners (GPs) and community member. DESIGN: Indepth interviews were conducted with GPs, and focus groups were held with community members. SETTING: General practice and community setting. @entity0 : 15 GPs practising in rural and urban locations in Ireland participated in the indepth interviews. 6 focus groups (n=42) with @entity0 who had direct or indirect experiences with @entity1 were also undertaken. RESULTS: The decision to prescribe or consume an antibiotic for a @entity1 is a set of complex processes including need recognition, information search and evaluation processes governed by the relationship and interactions between the GP and the @entity0 . Different GP and @entity0 decision-making profiles emerged emphasising the diversity and variety of general practice in real-life settings. The GP findings showed a requirement for more microbiological information on antibiotic resistance patterns to inform prescribing decisions. Focus group @entity0 wanted a conversation with the GP about their illness and the treatment options available. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, this research identified the consultation as a priority intervention environment for stimulating change in relation to antibiotics. This paper demonstrates how qualitative research can identify the interacting processes which are instrumental to the decision to prescribe or consume an antibiotic for a suspected @entity1 . Qualitative research empowers researchers to investigate the what, how and why of interventions in real-life setting. Qualitative research can play a critical and instrumental role in designing behavioural change strategies with high impact on practice. The results of this research were used to design a complex intervention informed by social marketing. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01913860; Pre-results.

title: Using qualitative insights to change practice: exploring the culture of antibiotic prescribing and consumption for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an 8-week, task-oriented client-centered training (TOCCT) on physical function, perception of performance and satisfaction with the activities and achievement of training goals of individuals with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). SETTING: Khon Kaen, Thailand. METHODS: @entity0 were 12 @entity0 with @entity1 living in Ubolratana District, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. Outcome measures consisted of physical function and perception of performance and satisfaction with the activities, which were assessed at pre- and post-training periods by using the Spinal Cord Independence Measure version III and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, respectively. The achievement of training goals was also determined by the Goal Attainment Scale. Data were analyzed by using paired t-tests. RESULTS: The 8-week, TOCCT significantly improved physical function of the @entity0 (P=0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.22-7.12). Another positive impact of the training was found in the perceived levels of performance and satisfaction with the activities (P=0.001, 95% CI 1.31-3.49 and 1.68-3.67, respectively). Furthermore, at the end of the study, most of the @entity0 could reach their expected training goals. CONCLUSION: The 8-week, TOCCT significantly improved physical function and perception of performance and satisfaction with the activities of individuals with @entity1 when compared with the pre-training period. The training could also help most of the @entity0 to achieve their training goals. Future studies with randomized controlled trial and longitudinal design are suggested to reveal further benefits of such training on individuals with @entity1 .Spinal Cord advance online publication, 12 January 2016; doi:10.1038/sc.2015.237.

title: The impact of task-oriented client-centered training on individuals with XXXX in the community.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single-walled @entity1 nanotubes (SWCNT) hold promise for applications as contrast agents and target delivery carriers in the field of nanomedicine. When administered in vivo, their biodistribution and pharmacological profile needs to be fully characterized. The tissue distribution of @entity1 nanotubes and their potential impact on metabolism depend on their shape, coating, and metallic impurities. Because standard radiolabeled or fluorescently-labeled pharmaceuticals are not well suited for long-term in vivo follow-up of @entity1 nanotubes, alternative methods are required. METHODS: In this study, noninvasive in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations combined with high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS), Raman spectroscopy, @entity0 assays, and histological analysis ex vivo were proposed and applied to assess the biodistribution and biological impact of intravenously injected pristine (raw and purified) and functionalized SWCNT in a 2-week longitudinal study. @entity0 impurities allowed raw detection of SWCNT in vivo by susceptibility-weighted MRI. RESULTS: A transitional accumulation in the spleen and liver was observed by MRI. Raman spectroscopy, @entity0 assays, and histological findings confirmed the MRI readouts. Moreover, no acute toxicological effect on the liver metabolic profile was observed using the HR-MAS technique, as confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. CONCLUSION: This study illustrates the potential of noninvasive MRI protocols for longitudinal assessment of the biodistribution of SWCNT with associated intrinsic metal impurities. The same approach can be used for any other magnetically-labeled nanoparticles.

title: In vivo biodistribution and biological impact of injected XXXX nanotubes using magnetic resonance techniques.

answer: @entity1


abstract: It has been shown that the invasive trypomastigote forms of @entity3 use and modulate components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during the initial process of @entity1 . Infective trypomastigotes up-regulate the expression of laminin y-1 ( @entity5 ) and thrombospondin (THBS1) to facilitate the recruitment of trypomastigotes to enhance cellular @entity1 . Silencing the expression of @entity5 and THBS1 by stable RNAi dramatically reduces trypanosome @entity1 . @entity3 gp83, a ligand that mediates the attachment of trypanosomes to cells to initiate @entity1 , up-regulates @entity5 expression to enhance cellular @entity1 . Infective trypomastigotes interact with @entity5 through galectin-3 ( @entity4 ), a @entity0 lectin, to enhance cellular @entity1 . Silencing the expression of @entity4 also reduces cellular @entity1 . Some trypanosome surface molecules also interact with the ECM to facilitate @entity1 . Despite the role of the ECM in @entity3 @entity1 , almost nothing is known about the ECM interactome networks operating in the process of @entity3 @entity1 . In this mini review, we critically analyze and discuss the regulation of the ECM by @entity3 and its gp83 ligand, and present the first elucidation of the @entity0 ECM interactome network, regulated by @entity3 and its gp83 ligand, to facilitate cellular @entity1 . The elucidation of the @entity0 ECM interactome regulated by @entity3 is critically important to the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of @entity3 @entity1 and developing novel approaches of intervention in @entity2 .

title: REGULATION of the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX INTERACTOME by XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are among the most common @entity0 @entity3 . Many urinary tract bacteria are capable of expressing drug resistance. Resistant bacteria may be present from the commencement of the @entity3 or may develop during treatment. This study focused on the problem of antibiotic resistance to the first-line drugs that were used to treat @entity0 presenting with @entity4 at Rubaga hospital in Kampala, Uganda. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the major bacterial pathogens of symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity4 among @entity0 at Rubaga hospital. Furthermore, the study sought to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the major bacterial isolates to the first-line drugs used to treat @entity4 at Rubaga hospital. METHODS: Urine samples were aseptically collected and examined microscopically and were microbiologically cultured on blood agar, nutrient agar and on MacConkey agar. The isolates obtained were then identified using standard tests and tested for antimicrobial sensitivity by the Kirby-Bauer technique. RESULTS: The isolated pathogens included @entity5 (10.9%), Staphylococcus (31.9%), Streptococcus (9.2%), @entity12 species (21.0%) and @entity6 species (10.1%). 20 (16.8%) of the isolates were @entity9 fermenting gram-negative rods that were also @entity1 -negative. These isolates were termed 'unclassified coliforms' in this study but were probably Enterobacter species. On antimicrobial susceptibility testing, all the gram-negative isolates were significantly resistant to @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity11 , and to @entity8 ; but were susceptible to @entity13 . Among the gram-negative isolates, only @entity12 species were significantly resistant (p<0.05) to @entity10 . The gram-positive cocci were susceptible to @entity2 , @entity10 , and to @entity11 but resistant to @entity7 and @entity8 . Unlike the Staphylococcus species that were significantly resistant to @entity13 , Streptococcus species were moderately susceptible to the drug. CONCLUSION: The common urinary tract bacteria detected in Rubaga hospital in Uganda were most sensitive to @entity10 and @entity13 .

title: The sensitivities to first-line antibiotic therapy of the common urinary tract bacterial XXXX detected in urine samples at a hospital in metropolitan Kampala (Uganda).

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epistasis is one of the central themes in viral evolution due to its importance in drug resistance, immune escape, and interspecies transmission. However, there is a lack of experimental approach to systematically probe for epistatic residues. RESULTS: By utilizing the information from natural occurring sequences and high-throughput genetics, this study established a novel strategy to identify epistatic residues. The rationale is that a substitution that is deleterious in one strain may be prevalent in nature due to the presence of a naturally occurring compensatory substitution. Here, high-throughput genetics was applied to @entity0 M segment to systematically identify deleterious substitutions. Comparison with natural sequence variation showed that a deleterious substitution M1 @entity1 was prevalent in circulating strains. A coevolution analysis was then performed and indicated that M1 residues 121, 207, 209, and 214 naturally coevolved as a group. Subsequently, we experimentally validated that M1 @entity2 was a compensatory substitution for M1 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This work provided a proof-of-concept to identify epistatic residues by coupling high-throughput genetics with phylogenetic information. In particular, we were able to identify an epistatic interaction between M1 substitutions @entity2 and @entity1 . This analytic strategy can potentially be adapted to study any protein of interest, provided that the information on natural sequence variants is available.

title: Coupling high-throughput genetics with phylogenetic information reveals an epistatic interaction on the XXXX M segment.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Although external fixation and flexible intramedullary nailing have been extensively used in the management of @entity1 , there are very few studies, which have compared the results. The purpose of the study was to compare the results of external fixation and flexible intramedullary nailing in @entity1 . METHODS: Two groups of @entity0 were treated by external fixator (EF) and flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) over two different but successive time periods and results compared. The first group (EF) consisted of 45 @entity0 , and the second group had 50 @entity0 . RESULTS: The age in EF group ranged from 6 to 14  years (average 9.93  years), and the age in FIN group ranged from 6 to 11  years (average 7.66  years). In the EF group, fixator was removed at an average of 12.23  weeks. In the FIN group, radiographic union was evident at an average time of 10.06  weeks. Pin-site infection was common in EF group. One @entity0 had a re-fracture in EF group, and one @entity0 had to be re-operated in FIN group after he developed anterior angulation of more than 30  . CONCLUSION: We believe that it is the discretion of the surgeon to operate on the femur fracture using either of the treatment modalities. Further randomized studies need to be conducted between these two treatment modalities.

title: Use of external fixator versus flexible intramedullary nailing in closed XXXX : comparing results using data from two cohort studies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Development of urinary behavior from birth to adulthood was observed in six groups of beagles including @entity2 ( @entity2 ), normal females (NF), males castrated soon after birth (CM), males castrated soon after birth and treated with @entity0 (T) for the next 90 days (CMT), females exposed to T in utero (FTU), and females exposed to T in utero and during infancy, i.e., the first 30-40 days postpartum (FTUI). Prenatal treatment with T had masculinizing effects on juvenile urinary behavior in FTU and FTUI. On the other hand normal development of fully adult masculine urinary patterns in males and females necessitated both prenatal and postnatal androgenic stimulation. It was not necessary that T be present at the time the overt behavior developed. For example, adult male behavior appeared in FTUI at the same time as in @entity2 , i.e., 6-10 months, although the supply of exogenous @entity1 in FTUI had been exhausted within 30-40 days after birth. CMT showed precocious development of all components of the adult male pattern. Development of adult responses was markedly retarded in most CM, and their performance did not equal that of @entity2 at 23 months. They were then injected with TP which promptly evoked completely normal male urinary behavior. It is tentatively concluded that T acting before birth and during the juvenile period "prepares" critical CNS mechanisms so that when general maturation reaches the appropriate point adult male behavior develops. Although the preparatory role of T is essential, the behavior is not dependent on T after it has developed.

title: Effects of XXXX on ontogeny of urinary behavior in male and female dogs.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 has a range of clinical manifestations including vague abdominal symptoms, haematuria, @entity4 and a palpable abdominal mass. Generally, 25-30% of @entity0 are found to have @entity1 at diagnosis but a further 30-50% of @entity0 with @entity2 will develop @entity1 during the course of their illness. Spread in @entity5 is lymphatic, haematogenous, transcoelomic or by direct invasion and the most common sites of @entity1 in @entity5 are the lung, lymph nodes, bones and liver. @entity1 to the small intestine is rare and the duodenum is the segment least often affected. @entity5 @entity1 to the duodenum occurs most commonly in the periampullary region, followed by the bulband usually manifest as @entity3 or obstruction. Bleeding may be the first symptom of @entity1 in @entity0 who have previously undergone nephrectomy for @entity5 . Survival is better for @entity0 with @entity2 compared with those with regional and distant @entity1 . This report describes a case of duodenal @entity1 from @entity5 in which the @entity0 presented with @entity3 and @entity6 and was treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy with an excellent long-term outcome. Long-term survival was better than survival data reported in the current literature. . KEY WORDS: Duodenal @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity5 , Pancreaticoduodenectomy.

title: Seven-year survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for early recurrent XXXX involving the duodenum A case report.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: The duration of improvement in quality of life after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation ( @entity7 DBS) for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and the presurgical identification of factors predicting sustained clinical benefits have implications in @entity0 selection and timing of surgery. These aspects were assessed in @entity0 who underwent yearly assessment for at least 7 years after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The quality of life, motor and cognitive outcomes of 25 @entity0 who completed the 7-year assessment, and 12 @entity0 who completed the 10-year assessment, were analyzed. RESULTS: The improvement in quality of life was sustained only for 5 years, while the severity of motor signs and motor fluctuations remained reduced at 7 and 10 years. @entity2 and @entity4 showed more enduring reduction than @entity5 and axial signs. The dose reduction in medications could be maintained until 7 years, by which time, the axial scores were worse than that seen at the pre-DBS levels. At 10 years, a higher @entity6 requirement and recurrence of @entity3 were noted. @entity0 with greater pre-DBS @entity6 -responsive motor signs had greater long-term motor improvement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 DBS performed in @entity0 with advanced motor fluctuations and severe @entity3 provide only an average of 5 years of quality of life improvement. @entity7 DBS in @entity0 with motor signs that are less responsive to @entity6 results in shorter duration of clinical benefits. The improvements in the severity of motor fluctuations, @entity4 , and @entity2 are the most enduring benefits of @entity7 DBS that last a decade . However, these are offset by worsening axial and cognitive functions, @entity5 , a higher @entity6 requirement, and recurrence of @entity3 by the end of the decade.

title: The decade after subthalamic stimulation in advanced XXXX : A balancing act.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) developed @entity0 safety indicator (PSI) 5, "Foreign body left during procedure," to flag accidental foreign bodies in surgical and medical procedures. This study examined how well this indicator identifies true foreign body events in the Veterans Health Administration (VA). STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective study within 28 selected VA hospitals from fiscal year 2003 to 2007. Trained abstractors reviewed medical charts flagged by PSI 5 and determined true foreign body cases. We calculated the positive predictive value ( @entity6 ) of this indicator and performed descriptive analyses of true positive and false positive cases. RESULTS: Of the 652,093 eligible cases, 93 were flagged by PSI 5 (0.14 per 1,000). Forty-two were true positives, yielding a @entity6 of 45% (95% CI 35% to 56%). False positives were due to a foreign body that was present on admission (57%) or coding errors (43%). True foreign bodies were associated with surgical (n = 23) and medical (n = 19) procedures. The most common type of surgical foreign body was a sponge (52%). Overall, approximately 40% of foreign bodies were related to a device @entity2 (30% surgical vs 53% medical foreign bodies). @entity3 included @entity1 (24%), @entity4 (12%), adhesions (5%), and @entity5 (5%). CONCLUSIONS: The reported rate of foreign body events as detected by PSI 5 is low in the VA, but occurs in both surgical and medical procedures. Despite widespread implementation of surgical counts, quality improvement efforts should focus on novel ways to eliminate this "never event" from operations. Future studies are needed to better understand the preventability of medical procedure-associated foreign bodies and particularly, device failure-related foreign bodies.

title: Detecting XXXX safety indicators: How valid is "foreign body left during procedure" in the Veterans Health Administration?

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The majority of @entity3 in the aging adult are thought to relate to immune aging characterized by dominant immunosuppression and @entity7 , @entity2 . This is known collectively as immunosenescence. The main change thought to be controlling immune aging is the age-related decline in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and corresponding increase in @entity5 ; the net effect which decreases the @entity8 / @entity5 ratio. Exactly how this translates to immunosuppression and @entity2 remains unclear. Recently a new component of the @entity1 innate immune system has been discovered. @entity1 endogenous retrovirus K102 ( @entity10 ) is a replication-competent @entity9 unique to @entity1 which has been implicated in @entity3 . Accumulating evidence suggests that @entity10 may defend the host against @entity6 , as well as against @entity0 . Particles are produced in activated monocytes and released into vacuoles but do not bud through the cell surface. This renders macrophages foamy, while the release of particles is only through cell lysis. New evidence presented here suggests @entity8 but not @entity8 -S may specifically bind and inactivate @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity4 is a well-established immunosuppressive factor which importantly, also blocks cell lysis induction in macrophages through the 67 kilodalton (kD) @entity4 receptor (AFPr). Here, it is proposed that a decreased @entity8 / @entity5 ratio may favor the accumulation of foamy macrophages reflecting the @entity5 induction of @entity10 particle production concomitant with the blocked release of particles by secreted @entity4 . This is a new paradigm to explain how @entity5 -mediated immunosenescence can result in the persistence of foamy macrophages, and how this relates to risk of @entity3 .

title: A new paradigm about @entity10 particle production and blocked release to explain @entity5 mediated immunosenescence and age-associated risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The majority of @entity3 in the aging adult are thought to relate to immune aging characterized by dominant immunosuppression and @entity7 , @entity2 . This is known collectively as immunosenescence. The main change thought to be controlling immune aging is the age-related decline in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and corresponding increase in @entity5 ; the net effect which decreases the @entity8 / @entity5 ratio. Exactly how this translates to immunosuppression and @entity2 remains unclear. Recently a new component of the @entity1 innate immune system has been discovered. @entity1 endogenous retrovirus K102 ( @entity10 ) is a replication-competent @entity9 unique to @entity1 which has been implicated in @entity3 . Accumulating evidence suggests that @entity10 may defend the host against @entity6 , as well as against @entity0 . Particles are produced in activated monocytes and released into vacuoles but do not bud through the cell surface. This renders macrophages foamy, while the release of particles is only through cell lysis. New evidence presented here suggests @entity8 but not @entity8 -S may specifically bind and inactivate @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity4 is a well-established immunosuppressive factor which importantly, also blocks cell lysis induction in macrophages through the 67 kilodalton (kD) @entity4 receptor (AFPr). Here, it is proposed that a decreased @entity8 / @entity5 ratio may favor the accumulation of foamy macrophages reflecting the @entity5 induction of @entity10 particle production concomitant with the blocked release of particles by secreted @entity4 . This is a new paradigm to explain how @entity5 -mediated immunosenescence can result in the persistence of foamy macrophages, and how this relates to risk of @entity3 .

title: A new paradigm about XXXX particle production and blocked release to explain @entity5 mediated immunosenescence and age-associated risk of @entity3 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The majority of @entity3 in the aging adult are thought to relate to immune aging characterized by dominant immunosuppression and @entity7 , @entity2 . This is known collectively as immunosenescence. The main change thought to be controlling immune aging is the age-related decline in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and corresponding increase in @entity5 ; the net effect which decreases the @entity8 / @entity5 ratio. Exactly how this translates to immunosuppression and @entity2 remains unclear. Recently a new component of the @entity1 innate immune system has been discovered. @entity1 endogenous retrovirus K102 ( @entity10 ) is a replication-competent @entity9 unique to @entity1 which has been implicated in @entity3 . Accumulating evidence suggests that @entity10 may defend the host against @entity6 , as well as against @entity0 . Particles are produced in activated monocytes and released into vacuoles but do not bud through the cell surface. This renders macrophages foamy, while the release of particles is only through cell lysis. New evidence presented here suggests @entity8 but not @entity8 -S may specifically bind and inactivate @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity4 is a well-established immunosuppressive factor which importantly, also blocks cell lysis induction in macrophages through the 67 kilodalton (kD) @entity4 receptor (AFPr). Here, it is proposed that a decreased @entity8 / @entity5 ratio may favor the accumulation of foamy macrophages reflecting the @entity5 induction of @entity10 particle production concomitant with the blocked release of particles by secreted @entity4 . This is a new paradigm to explain how @entity5 -mediated immunosenescence can result in the persistence of foamy macrophages, and how this relates to risk of @entity3 .

title: A new paradigm about @entity10 particle production and blocked release to explain XXXX mediated immunosenescence and age-associated risk of @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Do animals know at a physiological level how much they weigh, and, if so, do they make homeostatic adjustments in response to changes in body weight? Skeletal muscle is a likely tissue for such plasticity, as weight-bearing muscles receive mechanical feedback regarding body weight and consume @entity5 in order to generate forces sufficient to counteract gravity. Using @entity1 , we examined how variation in body weight affected alternative splicing of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a component of the thin filament that regulates the actin-myosin interaction during contraction and modulates force output. In response to normal growth and experimental body weight increases, alternative splicing of @entity6 in @entity1 gastrocnemius muscle was adjusted in a quantitative fashion. The response depended on weight per se, as externally attached loads had the same effect as an equal change in actual body weight. Examining the association between @entity6 alternative splicing and @entity5 consumption rate, we found that the @entity6 splice form profile had a significant association with nocturnal energy expenditure, independently of effects of weight. For a subset of the @entity6 splice forms, @entity0 Zucker @entity1 failed to make the same adjustments; that is, they did not show the same relationship between body weight and the relative abundance of five @entity6 b splice forms (i.e. @entity6 b2-b5 and b8), four of which showed significant effects on nocturnal energy expenditure in @entity1 . Heavier @entity0 Zucker @entity1 displayed certain splice form relative abundances (e.g. @entity6 b3) characteristic of much lighter, lean animals, resulting in a mismatch between body weight and muscle molecular composition. Consequently, we suggest that body @entity2 @entity6 expression in @entity0 is a candidate mechanism for @entity4 and @entity3 . Weight-dependent quantitative variation in @entity6 alternative splicing appears to be an evolutionarily conserved feature of skeletal muscle and provides a quantitative molecular marker to track how an animal perceives and responds to body weight.

title: Body weight-dependent troponin T alternative splicing is evolutionarily conserved from insects to mammals and is partially impaired in skeletal muscle of XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Do animals know at a physiological level how much they weigh, and, if so, do they make homeostatic adjustments in response to changes in body weight? Skeletal muscle is a likely tissue for such plasticity, as weight-bearing muscles receive mechanical feedback regarding body weight and consume @entity5 in order to generate forces sufficient to counteract gravity. Using @entity1 , we examined how variation in body weight affected alternative splicing of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a component of the thin filament that regulates the actin-myosin interaction during contraction and modulates force output. In response to normal growth and experimental body weight increases, alternative splicing of @entity6 in @entity1 gastrocnemius muscle was adjusted in a quantitative fashion. The response depended on weight per se, as externally attached loads had the same effect as an equal change in actual body weight. Examining the association between @entity6 alternative splicing and @entity5 consumption rate, we found that the @entity6 splice form profile had a significant association with nocturnal energy expenditure, independently of effects of weight. For a subset of the @entity6 splice forms, @entity0 Zucker @entity1 failed to make the same adjustments; that is, they did not show the same relationship between body weight and the relative abundance of five @entity6 b splice forms (i.e. @entity6 b2-b5 and b8), four of which showed significant effects on nocturnal energy expenditure in @entity1 . Heavier @entity0 Zucker @entity1 displayed certain splice form relative abundances (e.g. @entity6 b3) characteristic of much lighter, lean animals, resulting in a mismatch between body weight and muscle molecular composition. Consequently, we suggest that body @entity2 @entity6 expression in @entity0 is a candidate mechanism for @entity4 and @entity3 . Weight-dependent quantitative variation in @entity6 alternative splicing appears to be an evolutionarily conserved feature of skeletal muscle and provides a quantitative molecular marker to track how an animal perceives and responds to body weight.

title: Body weight-dependent troponin T alternative splicing is evolutionarily conserved from insects to mammals and is partially impaired in skeletal muscle of @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 has shown promise against advanced @entity3 and associated @entity1 with non-measurable lesions. In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of @entity5 against @entity3 , a prospective phase II clinical trial was designed according to our previously proposed criteria represented by the clinical benefit response in @entity3 (CBR-GC) criteria and the five-point method (5PM). METHODS: @entity0 with advanced @entity3 with @entity1 were treated with 1-h intravenous (i.v.) infusions of 80 mg/m   of @entity5 weekly over a 3-week cycle on days 1, 8, and 15, followed by 1 week of rest. Therapeutic responses were measured according to the CBR-GC criteria and the 5PM. RESULTS: The CBR-GC criteria showed improved ascites volume and functional status in 39.1% of @entity0 . A positive CBR-GC response in abdominal girth was seen in 31.3% of @entity0 , and this was significantly correlated with the 5PM-estimated change in ascites volume (p < 0.001). The median number of treatment cycles was 3 (range 1-12). The most common non-hematological @entity2 was @entity4 , in 22.2% of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Weekly i.v. @entity5 is a safe and effective chemotherapeutic regimen based on validated CBR-CG criteria.

title: Assessing clinical benefit response in the treatment of gastric @entity1 with non-measurable lesions: a multicenter phase II trial of @entity5 for @entity1 secondary to advanced/recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 has shown promise against advanced @entity3 and associated @entity1 with non-measurable lesions. In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of @entity5 against @entity3 , a prospective phase II clinical trial was designed according to our previously proposed criteria represented by the clinical benefit response in @entity3 (CBR-GC) criteria and the five-point method (5PM). METHODS: @entity0 with advanced @entity3 with @entity1 were treated with 1-h intravenous (i.v.) infusions of 80 mg/m   of @entity5 weekly over a 3-week cycle on days 1, 8, and 15, followed by 1 week of rest. Therapeutic responses were measured according to the CBR-GC criteria and the 5PM. RESULTS: The CBR-GC criteria showed improved ascites volume and functional status in 39.1% of @entity0 . A positive CBR-GC response in abdominal girth was seen in 31.3% of @entity0 , and this was significantly correlated with the 5PM-estimated change in ascites volume (p < 0.001). The median number of treatment cycles was 3 (range 1-12). The most common non-hematological @entity2 was @entity4 , in 22.2% of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Weekly i.v. @entity5 is a safe and effective chemotherapeutic regimen based on validated CBR-CG criteria.

title: Assessing clinical benefit response in the treatment of gastric XXXX with non-measurable lesions: a multicenter phase II trial of @entity5 for @entity1 secondary to advanced/recurrent @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 has shown promise against advanced @entity3 and associated @entity1 with non-measurable lesions. In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of @entity5 against @entity3 , a prospective phase II clinical trial was designed according to our previously proposed criteria represented by the clinical benefit response in @entity3 (CBR-GC) criteria and the five-point method (5PM). METHODS: @entity0 with advanced @entity3 with @entity1 were treated with 1-h intravenous (i.v.) infusions of 80 mg/m   of @entity5 weekly over a 3-week cycle on days 1, 8, and 15, followed by 1 week of rest. Therapeutic responses were measured according to the CBR-GC criteria and the 5PM. RESULTS: The CBR-GC criteria showed improved ascites volume and functional status in 39.1% of @entity0 . A positive CBR-GC response in abdominal girth was seen in 31.3% of @entity0 , and this was significantly correlated with the 5PM-estimated change in ascites volume (p < 0.001). The median number of treatment cycles was 3 (range 1-12). The most common non-hematological @entity2 was @entity4 , in 22.2% of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Weekly i.v. @entity5 is a safe and effective chemotherapeutic regimen based on validated CBR-CG criteria.

title: Assessing clinical benefit response in the treatment of gastric @entity1 with non-measurable lesions: a multicenter phase II trial of @entity5 for XXXX secondary to advanced/recurrent @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 has shown promise against advanced @entity3 and associated @entity1 with non-measurable lesions. In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of @entity5 against @entity3 , a prospective phase II clinical trial was designed according to our previously proposed criteria represented by the clinical benefit response in @entity3 (CBR-GC) criteria and the five-point method (5PM). METHODS: @entity0 with advanced @entity3 with @entity1 were treated with 1-h intravenous (i.v.) infusions of 80 mg/m   of @entity5 weekly over a 3-week cycle on days 1, 8, and 15, followed by 1 week of rest. Therapeutic responses were measured according to the CBR-GC criteria and the 5PM. RESULTS: The CBR-GC criteria showed improved ascites volume and functional status in 39.1% of @entity0 . A positive CBR-GC response in abdominal girth was seen in 31.3% of @entity0 , and this was significantly correlated with the 5PM-estimated change in ascites volume (p < 0.001). The median number of treatment cycles was 3 (range 1-12). The most common non-hematological @entity2 was @entity4 , in 22.2% of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Weekly i.v. @entity5 is a safe and effective chemotherapeutic regimen based on validated CBR-CG criteria.

title: Assessing clinical benefit response in the treatment of gastric @entity1 with non-measurable lesions: a multicenter phase II trial of XXXX for @entity1 secondary to advanced/recurrent @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Growing evidence suggests that @entity6 ( @entity6 ) contribute to @entity2 . The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of @entity6 on the conversion from @entity2 ( @entity2 ) to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity5 . METHODS: A total of 837 subjects with @entity2 were enrolled at baseline and followed up annually for 5 years. The incidence of @entity4 was investigated. A mixed random effects regression model was used to analyze the association between @entity6 and the progression of @entity2 assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination and instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify the association between @entity6 and @entity5 conversion, and to examine whether treatment of @entity6 can prevent @entity5 conversion. RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up, 298 subjects converted to @entity4 , while 352 remained @entity2 . Subjects with @entity6 had a faster progression in cognition and function relative to subjects without. @entity6 including @entity3 , @entity0 , @entity1 , and @entity7 increased the risk of @entity5 conversion. Those subjects with @entity2 in whom all @entity6 were treated had a lower risk of @entity5 than those who had some @entity6 treated. Treatment of individual @entity6 including @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity7 was associated with the reduced risk of @entity4 conversion. CONCLUSION: @entity6 increased the risk of incident @entity4 . Treatment of @entity6 was associated with a reduced risk of incident @entity4 . Although our findings are observational, they suggest active intervention for @entity6 might reduce progression in @entity2 to @entity4 .

title: Vascular risk factors promote conversion from @entity2 to XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Growing evidence suggests that @entity6 ( @entity6 ) contribute to @entity2 . The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of @entity6 on the conversion from @entity2 ( @entity2 ) to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity5 . METHODS: A total of 837 subjects with @entity2 were enrolled at baseline and followed up annually for 5 years. The incidence of @entity4 was investigated. A mixed random effects regression model was used to analyze the association between @entity6 and the progression of @entity2 assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination and instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify the association between @entity6 and @entity5 conversion, and to examine whether treatment of @entity6 can prevent @entity5 conversion. RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up, 298 subjects converted to @entity4 , while 352 remained @entity2 . Subjects with @entity6 had a faster progression in cognition and function relative to subjects without. @entity6 including @entity3 , @entity0 , @entity1 , and @entity7 increased the risk of @entity5 conversion. Those subjects with @entity2 in whom all @entity6 were treated had a lower risk of @entity5 than those who had some @entity6 treated. Treatment of individual @entity6 including @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity7 was associated with the reduced risk of @entity4 conversion. CONCLUSION: @entity6 increased the risk of incident @entity4 . Treatment of @entity6 was associated with a reduced risk of incident @entity4 . Although our findings are observational, they suggest active intervention for @entity6 might reduce progression in @entity2 to @entity4 .

title: Vascular risk factors promote conversion from XXXX to @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 is typically associated with cardiac involvement. During the acute phase of @entity2 @entity4 with @entity8 , severe @entity9 can develop. Prior to cardiac alteration, however, infected @entity2 present with @entity1 causing @entity5 due to an @entity3 /reperfusion lesion. Thus, the present study was undertaken in order to evaluate whether the parasites or some of their components would directly affect renal cells. As such, this study employed kidney cell lines (mesangial, epithelial, and proximal tubular) that mimic different regions of the renal system. Mesangial cells are more resistant to @entity4 , showing reduced parasite internalization relative to epithelial and proximal tubular cells. Upon @entity4 , mesangial cells produced more @entity6 , @entity0 factor necrosis-a, and interferon-y and showed decreased viability when compared to the other cell lines. These results indicate that the resistance of mesangial cells to @entity4 may be related to the increased expression of @entity6 and proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, the high levels of @entity6 produced by these cells caused impairment of cell integrity and viability. Higher @entity6 concentrations promote cellular injury and can be involved in the genesis of @entity3 /reperfusion lesions in @entity5 .

title: Induction of proinflammatory cytokines and @entity6 by XXXX in renal cells.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity7 is typically associated with cardiac involvement. During the acute phase of @entity2 @entity4 with @entity8 , severe @entity9 can develop. Prior to cardiac alteration, however, infected @entity2 present with @entity1 causing @entity5 due to an @entity3 /reperfusion lesion. Thus, the present study was undertaken in order to evaluate whether the parasites or some of their components would directly affect renal cells. As such, this study employed kidney cell lines (mesangial, epithelial, and proximal tubular) that mimic different regions of the renal system. Mesangial cells are more resistant to @entity4 , showing reduced parasite internalization relative to epithelial and proximal tubular cells. Upon @entity4 , mesangial cells produced more @entity6 , @entity0 factor necrosis-a, and interferon-y and showed decreased viability when compared to the other cell lines. These results indicate that the resistance of mesangial cells to @entity4 may be related to the increased expression of @entity6 and proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, the high levels of @entity6 produced by these cells caused impairment of cell integrity and viability. Higher @entity6 concentrations promote cellular injury and can be involved in the genesis of @entity3 /reperfusion lesions in @entity5 .

title: Induction of proinflammatory cytokines and XXXX by @entity8 in renal cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: European legislation allows the official recognition of Trichinella-free @entity2 holdings, provided Trichinella sp. @entity1 is absent from @entity0 and prevalence of Trichinella sp. @entity1 in red foxes ( @entity4 ) is below 0.1% in the area, region or country. Tibialis anterior muscle samples from 1,319 red foxes captured in Catalonia (NE Spain) between 1998 and 2007 were analyzed for Trichinella sp. using the digestion method. Four foxes resulted positive (one in 1999, one in 2002 and two in 2006), accounting for a low prevalence (0.3%). However, this prevalence was concentrated in mountain or rural areas with a low sample size, reaching high local prevalences. The two positive samples in 2006 were characterized as Trichinella britovi, and a sylvatic cycle of @entity3 seems to occur, at least in the rural insufficiently sampled regions of Catalonia. Overall, the results obtained do not currently allow the establishment of Trichinella-free @entity2 holdings in the study area, but further research is needed to better know the prevalence and cycle of Trichinella sp. in Catalonia.

title: Trichinella sp. in red foxes ( XXXX ) from Catalonia, NE Spain.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Work-related @entity1 are common in computer professionals. Workstyle may be one of the risk factors in the development of musculoskeletal discomfort. The objective of this retrospective study was to examine the prevalence of adverse workstyle in computer professionals from India and to evaluate if workstyle factors were predictors of @entity2 and loss of productivity. METHODS: Office workers from various information technology (IT) companies in India responded to the short-form workstyle questionnaire and @entity2 questionnaire. Correlation analyses were conducted to examine the associations between different variables followed by a multivariate logistic regression to understand the unique predictors of @entity2 and loss of productivity. RESULTS: 4,500 @entity0 responded to the workstyle and @entity2 questionnaire. 22% of @entity0 were reported to have a high risk of an adverse workstyle. 63% of @entity0 reported @entity2 symptoms. Social reactivity, lack of breaks, and deadlines/pressure subscales of workstyle questionnaire were significantly correlated with @entity2 and loss of productivity. Regression analyses revealed that workstyle factors and duration of computer use per day were significant predictors of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Workstyle seems to be a mediating factor for @entity3 , discomfort, and loss of productivity. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that intervention efforts directed towards prevention of @entity1 should focus on psychosocial work factors such adverse workstyle in addition to biomechanical risk factors.

title: Workstyle risk factors for work related XXXX among computer professionals in India.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In the @entity0 eye there is a balance between production of @entity3 as well as its drainage. The intraocular pressure is held through different mechanisms in a stable balance. The @entity3 is secreted by the ciliary epithelium lining the ciliary processes. Three physiological processes contribute to the formation and chemical composition of the @entity3 : diffusion (5 %), ultrafiltration (15 %) and active secretion (80 %). The normal intraocular pressure amounts to 15    3 mmHg, the normal diurnal fluctuation 5 mmHg. @entity3 leaves the eye by passive bulk flow via two pathways: the trabecular route and the uveoscleral route. In @entity2 @entity0 this balance is disturbed resulting in individual high intraocular pressure or, respectively, high diurnal fluctuations. This leads to loss of @entity1 . As a recommendation for @entity2 @entity0 it is useful to construct diurnal intraocular pressure curves to evaluate the "type of pressure" and to determine the diurnal fluctuations or, respectively, the time of the pressure maxima. With this knowledge, treatment of @entity2 @entity0 can be managed in a more individualised manner and it seems to slow down the progress of the disease better than by merely reducing the intraocular pressure.

title: [Physiology of @entity3 formation, diurnal fluctuation of intraocular pressure and its significance for XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the @entity0 eye there is a balance between production of @entity3 as well as its drainage. The intraocular pressure is held through different mechanisms in a stable balance. The @entity3 is secreted by the ciliary epithelium lining the ciliary processes. Three physiological processes contribute to the formation and chemical composition of the @entity3 : diffusion (5 %), ultrafiltration (15 %) and active secretion (80 %). The normal intraocular pressure amounts to 15    3 mmHg, the normal diurnal fluctuation 5 mmHg. @entity3 leaves the eye by passive bulk flow via two pathways: the trabecular route and the uveoscleral route. In @entity2 @entity0 this balance is disturbed resulting in individual high intraocular pressure or, respectively, high diurnal fluctuations. This leads to loss of @entity1 . As a recommendation for @entity2 @entity0 it is useful to construct diurnal intraocular pressure curves to evaluate the "type of pressure" and to determine the diurnal fluctuations or, respectively, the time of the pressure maxima. With this knowledge, treatment of @entity2 @entity0 can be managed in a more individualised manner and it seems to slow down the progress of the disease better than by merely reducing the intraocular pressure.

title: [Physiology of XXXX formation, diurnal fluctuation of intraocular pressure and its significance for @entity2 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most of systemic therapies have not been systematically investigated in moderate to severe @entity3 . Treatment preferences for moderate to severe @entity3 in childhood are unknown. OBJECTIVE: the objectives of this study were to investigate the systemic treatment patterns of moderate to severe @entity3 in @entity0 and adolescents aged  <= 18 years in Italy. Additional secondary outcomes were duration of treatment and reasons for discontinuation. METHODS: to define differences in treatment patterns, we performed a chart review of all consecutive @entity0 treated with systemic drugs during an index period of five years. Consecutive sampling of all @entity0 with @entity3 , aged  <= 18 years, who had been treated with at least one systemic drug over a 5-year period, was made. RESULTS: the records of 58 consecutive @entity0 , 27 males, 31 females. with moderate to severe @entity3 treated with at least one systemic therapy were reviewed. The median age (standard deviation) at the start of the first systemic treatment was 11.7 years (   3.7). The most preferred first line systemic treatment was @entity1 , which was administered as first systemic treatment in 53.4% of @entity0 , followed by @entity4 in 22.4% of @entity0 , etanercept and PUVA respectively in 8.6%, @entity2 in 6.8%. 48.2% of @entity0 received a second systemic treatment due to inefficacy or side effects of the first line therapy during the index period. Because of the small sample, and voluntary contribution, selection bias may have occurred. CONCLUSION: a considerable variation in the management of the first line systemic therapy in @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity3 was observed. @entity1 was most commonly preferred as a first-line treatment. The availability of new therapeutic agents could change the scenario of treatment patterns in childhood @entity3 .

title: Treatment patterns with systemic antipsoriatic agents in childhood XXXX : an Italian database analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To better understand the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) spectrum through principal components analysis and further evaluate the role of the Mediterranean diet on @entity3 presence. METHODS: During 2001-2002, 1514 @entity0 and 1528 @entity0 (>18y) without any clinical evidence of CVD or any other @entity1 , at baseline, living in greater Athens area, Greece, were enrolled. In 2011-2012, the 10-year follow-up was performed in 2583 @entity0 (15% of the @entity0 were lost to follow-up). Incidence of fatal or non-fatal CVD was defined according to WHO-ICD-10 criteria. @entity3 was defined by the National @entity2 Education Program Adult Treatment panel III (revised NCEP ATP III) definition. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the MedDietScore (range 0-55). RESULTS: Five principal components were derived, explaining 73.8% of the total variation, characterized by the: a) body weight and lipid profile, b) blood pressure, c) lipid profile, d) @entity4 profile, e) inflammatory factors. All components were associated with higher likelihood of CVD incidence. After adjusting for various potential confounding factors, adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern for each 10% increase in the MedDietScore, was associated with 15% lower odds of CVD incidence (95%CI: 0.71-1.06). For the @entity0 with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet  all five components were significantly associated with increased likelihood of CVD incidence. However, for the ones following closely the Mediterranean pattern positive, yet not significant associations were observed. CONCLUSION: Results of the present work propose a wider @entity3 definition, while highlighting the beneficial role of the Mediterranean dietary pattern.

title: XXXX , adherence to the Mediterranean diet and 10-year cardiovascular disease incidence: The ATTICA study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many therapies exist for the treatment of @entity4 including spinal manipulative therapy (SMT), which is a worldwide, extensively practiced intervention. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of SMT for chronic @entity4 . SEARCH STRATEGY: An updated search was conducted by an experienced librarian to June 2009 for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2009, issue 2), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, and the Index to Chiropractic Literature.    SELECTION CRITERIA: @entity1 which examined the effectiveness of spinal manipulation or mobilisation in adults with chronic @entity4 were included. No restrictions were placed on the setting or type of @entity2 ; studies which exclusively examined sciatica were excluded. The primary outcomes were @entity2 , functional status and perceived recovery. Secondary outcomes were return-to-work and quality of life. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently conducted the study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction. GRADE was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Sensitivity analyses and investigation of heterogeneity were performed, where possible, for the meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS: We included 26 @entity1 (total @entity0 = 6070), nine of which had a low risk of bias. Approximately two-thirds of the included studies (N = 18) were not evaluated in the previous review. In general, there is high quality evidence that SMT has a small, statistically significant but not clinically relevant, short-term effect on @entity2 relief ( @entity3 : -4.16, 95% CI -6.97 to -1.36) and functional status ( @entity5 : -0.22, 95% CI -0.36 to -0.07) compared to other interventions. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. There is varying quality of evidence (ranging from low to high) that SMT has a statistically significant short-term effect on @entity2 relief and functional status when added to another intervention. There is very low quality evidence that SMT is not statistically significantly more effective than inert interventions or sham SMT for short-term @entity2 relief or functional status. Data were particularly sparse for recovery, return-to-work, quality of life, and costs of care. No serious complications were observed with SMT. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: High quality evidence suggests that there is no clinically relevant difference between SMT and other interventions for reducing @entity2 and improving function in @entity0 with chronic @entity4 . Determining cost-effectiveness of care has high priority. Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect in relation to inert interventions and sham SMT, and data related to recovery.

title: Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Objective. To define the long-term (2-4 years) clinical and virological outcome of an antiretroviral treatment (ART) programme in rural South Africa. Methods. We performed a retrospective observational cohort study, including 735 @entity0 who initiated ART. Biannual monitoring, including @entity1 -RNA testing, was performed. Primary endpoint was @entity0 retention; virological suppression ( @entity1 -RNA <   50 copies/mL) and failure ( @entity1 -RNA >   1000 copies/mL) were secondary endpoints. Moreover, possible predictors of treatment failure were analyzed. Results. 63% of @entity0 (466/735) have a fully suppressed @entity1 -RNA, a median of three years after treatment initiation. Early mortality was high: 14% died within 3 months after treatment start. 16% of @entity0 experienced virological failure, but only 4% was switched to second-line ART. Male gender and a low performance score were associated with treatment failure; immunological failure was a poor predictor of virological failure. Conclusions. An "all or nothing" phenomenon was observed in this rural South African ART programme: high early attrition, but good virological control in those remaining in care. Continued efforts are needed to enrol @entity0 earlier. Furthermore, the observed viro-immunological dissociation emphasises the need to make @entity1 -RNA testing more widely available.

title: Long-Term Outcome of an XXXX -Treatment Programme in Rural Africa: Viral Suppression despite Early Mortality.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 subjects, slight increases have been observed in thyrotropin (TSH), but data in @entity0 are scarce. We aim to evaluate whether thyroid function and @entity3 vary with weight status in a healthy population of @entity0 and adolescents and to determine whether hyperthyrotropinemia is associated with any @entity2 factor. METHODS: Cross-sectional epidemiological study in Almer  a (Spain). Representative sample of 1317 healthy subjects aged 2-16 years. Thyroid function, thyroid @entity3 and @entity2 factors were measured. Statistical tests: chi-square, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The @entity1 @entity0 and adolescents had thyrotropin levels (mean (standard deviation)) of 3.12 (2.44) mU/L. These levels were higher than those of the subjects with overweight, 2.79 (1.51), and normal weight, 2.73 (1.30), (p=0.02). Levels of free @entity5 and urinary @entity4 did not differ significantly between the groups. The prevalence (percentage (95% confidence interval)) of thyroid @entity3 was lower in the individuals with normal weight, 2.9% (2.0-4.2), than in those with overweight, 6.3% (3.9-9.9), and @entity1 , 5.6% (2.5-11.3) (p=0.02). TSH levels were associated with @entity1 (b=0.36; p<0.001) and thyroid @entity3 (b=1.10; p<0.001). Nevertheless, they were not associated with any @entity2 factor. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 @entity0 and adolescents had higher levels of @entity6 than those with overweight and normal weight. These differences were of very little clinical significance, and are accounted in part for by the higher prevalence of thyroid @entity3 in these subjects. This hyperthyrotropinemia was not associated with any @entity2 factor.

title: Thyroid Function and Thyroid Autoimmunity in Relation to Weight Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in XXXX and Adolescents: a Population-Based Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Radiologists have a special role in the management of @entity2 @entity0 . The appropriate investigational technique, frequently targeted differential diagnosis, and the special needs of these @entity0 , need to be understood. Early detection of a focus is the major goal in febrile @entity2 @entity0 . As @entity1 is the most common focus, chest imaging is a special radiological task. The sensitivity of chest X-ray, especially in supine position, is known to be low; therefore, the very sensitive @entity3 ( @entity3 ) became gold standard in @entity2 hosts and will probably be replaced by thin-section multislice CT (MSCT) in the near future. Costs of @entity3 are low in comparison to antibiotics. An infiltrate needs to be localised, so that a physician can utilise this information as a guidance for invasive procedures for further microbiological work-up. The radiological characterisation of infiltrates gives a first and rapid hint to differentiate between different sorts of infectious (typical bacterial, atypical bacterial, fungal) and non-infectious aetiologies. Follow-up investigations need careful interpretation according to disease and concomitant treatment. Due to an increased incidence of fungal infiltrates even with appropriate therapy, follow-up of an infiltrate must use further parameters in addition to lesion size. Temporary exclusion of infectious involvement of the lung with high accuracy remains of special interest for clinicians.

title: @entity1 in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Radiologists have a special role in the management of @entity2 @entity0 . The appropriate investigational technique, frequently targeted differential diagnosis, and the special needs of these @entity0 , need to be understood. Early detection of a focus is the major goal in febrile @entity2 @entity0 . As @entity1 is the most common focus, chest imaging is a special radiological task. The sensitivity of chest X-ray, especially in supine position, is known to be low; therefore, the very sensitive @entity3 ( @entity3 ) became gold standard in @entity2 hosts and will probably be replaced by thin-section multislice CT (MSCT) in the near future. Costs of @entity3 are low in comparison to antibiotics. An infiltrate needs to be localised, so that a physician can utilise this information as a guidance for invasive procedures for further microbiological work-up. The radiological characterisation of infiltrates gives a first and rapid hint to differentiate between different sorts of infectious (typical bacterial, atypical bacterial, fungal) and non-infectious aetiologies. Follow-up investigations need careful interpretation according to disease and concomitant treatment. Due to an increased incidence of fungal infiltrates even with appropriate therapy, follow-up of an infiltrate must use further parameters in addition to lesion size. Temporary exclusion of infectious involvement of the lung with high accuracy remains of special interest for clinicians.

title: XXXX in @entity2 @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Radiologists have a special role in the management of @entity2 @entity0 . The appropriate investigational technique, frequently targeted differential diagnosis, and the special needs of these @entity0 , need to be understood. Early detection of a focus is the major goal in febrile @entity2 @entity0 . As @entity1 is the most common focus, chest imaging is a special radiological task. The sensitivity of chest X-ray, especially in supine position, is known to be low; therefore, the very sensitive @entity3 ( @entity3 ) became gold standard in @entity2 hosts and will probably be replaced by thin-section multislice CT (MSCT) in the near future. Costs of @entity3 are low in comparison to antibiotics. An infiltrate needs to be localised, so that a physician can utilise this information as a guidance for invasive procedures for further microbiological work-up. The radiological characterisation of infiltrates gives a first and rapid hint to differentiate between different sorts of infectious (typical bacterial, atypical bacterial, fungal) and non-infectious aetiologies. Follow-up investigations need careful interpretation according to disease and concomitant treatment. Due to an increased incidence of fungal infiltrates even with appropriate therapy, follow-up of an infiltrate must use further parameters in addition to lesion size. Temporary exclusion of infectious involvement of the lung with high accuracy remains of special interest for clinicians.

title: @entity1 in @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rapid eye @entity1 is composed of phasic and tonic periods, two distinguishable microstates in terms of arousal thresholds and sensory processing. Background electroencephalogram oscillations are also different between periods with (phasic state) and periods without (tonic state) eye movements. In Study 1, previous findings analysing electroencephalogram spectral power in phasic and @entity2 were replicated, and analyses extended to the high gamma range (52-90  Hz). In Study 2, phasic and tonic spectral power differences within a group of 4-8-year-old @entity0 were examined. Based on the polysomnographic data of 20 young adults, the phasic state yielded increased delta and theta power in anterior sites, as well as generally decreased high alpha and beta power in comparison to the tonic state. Moreover, phasic periods exhibited greater spectral power in the lower and the higher gamma band. Interestingly, @entity0 (n  =  18) exhibited a different pattern, showing increased activity in the low alpha range during phasic periods. Moreover, during phasic in contrast to @entity2 , increased low and high gamma and enhanced low gamma band power emerged in anterior and posterior regions, respectively. The current findings show that spectral activity within the high gamma range substantially contributes to the differences between phasic and @entity2 , especially in adults. Moreover, the current data underscore the heterogeneity of @entity2 , and point to marked differences between young adults and @entity0 regarding phasic/tonic electroencephalogram spectral power. These results suggest that the differentiation between phasic and tonic rapid eye movement periods undergoes maturation.

title: EEG spectral power in phasic and tonic REM sleep: different patterns in young adults and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is commonly used in the screening and evaluation process with bariatric surgery candidates despite relatively limited psychometric evidence in this @entity0 group. We examined the validity of the BDI and its clinical utility for subtyping @entity0 seeking gastric bypass surgery. METHODS: One hundred twenty-four @entity0 evaluated for gastric bypass surgery were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( @entity1 -I/P) and completed a self-report battery of psychosocial measures including the BDI. RESULTS: Based on the @entity1 -I/P, 12.9  % (n   =   16) met criteria for current @entity3 . Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed the BDI had a good area under the curve (0.788) for predicting @entity1 -I/P @entity3 diagnosis; BDI score of >15 optimized both sensitivity and specificity. @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 -I/P @entity3 had significantly higher levels of @entity2 psychopathology, self-esteem, and shame, than those without @entity3 . Based on a BDI cut-off score of >15, 41.9  % (n   =   52) were categorized as high-BDI and 58.1  % (n   =   72) as low-BDI. @entity0 characterized as high-BDI also had significantly higher levels of all associated measures than those with low-BDI; effect sizes for the differences by BDI subtyping were generally 2-3 times greater than those observed when comparing @entity1 -I/P-based mood versus no @entity3 subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 seeking gastric bypass surgery, the BDI demonstrated limited acceptability efficiency for identifying @entity3 with a cut-point score of >15. When identifying clinical severity, however, subtyping @entity0 by BDI scores of >15 may identify a significantly more disturbed subgroup than relying on a @entity1 -I/P-generated @entity3 diagnosis.

title: Validity and Clinical Utility of Subtyping by the Beck Depression Inventory in XXXX Seeking Gastric Bypass Surgery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Within the context of paediatric @entity2 , parental attitudes are of particular importance given that they have the potential to impact on how parents respond to their @entity0 . The current study was designed to assess whether parental attitudes, such as parental confidence and beliefs in their @entity0 's ability to function in spite of @entity1 , and parental catastrophising about their @entity0 's @entity1 , are associated with parental @entity1 -related behaviours known to be associated with poor @entity0 outcomes, such as protectiveness and high levels of monitoring. METHODS: @entity0 were 138 @entity0 -parent dyads recruited from a tertiary @entity2 clinic. @entity0 were aged 8- to 17-years. Prior to the initial clinic appointment, parents completed validated measures of parental @entity1 catastrophising and parental responses to their @entity0 's @entity1 . @entity0 completed measures of functional disability and @entity1 intensity. RESULTS: Parents who reported lower confidence in their @entity0 's ability to cope with the @entity1 engaged in significantly more protective, monitoring and distracting behaviours, even when controlling for the @entity0 's recent level of functioning. They also took more days off work due to their @entity0 's @entity1 . Parents who catastrophised more about their @entity0 's @entity1 engaged in significantly more protective and monitoring behaviours, even when controlling for the @entity0 's recent level of functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Parental behaviours in response to their @entity0 's @entity1 are significantly related to parental confidence in their @entity0 's coping and parental @entity1 -related catastrophising. Clinical interventions may benefit from addressing parental attitudes, especially their confidence in their @entity0 's ability to function.

title: The relationship between parental attitudes and behaviours in the context of paediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 from the pancreatic duct, or hemosuccus pancreaticus (HP), is an unusual cause of intermittent @entity1 . HP is most often diagnosed in @entity0 with chronic @entity5 , and is usually due to the rupture of an @entity3 in the splenic artery. The traditional treatment for HP is surgery, although most cases can be managed by angioembolization. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of HP in a @entity0 with no history or evidence of chronic @entity5 . Repeated endoscopy revealed @entity4 from the papilla of Vater. Angiography revealed an @entity2 , which was the suspected cause of the intermittent @entity4 from the pancreatic duct. Angiography demonstrated extravasation of contrast from the @entity3 . A peripheral Jostent stent-graft was hand-mounted on an angioplasty balloon and then inserted into the @entity3 . Arteriography revealed successful occlusion of the @entity3 with the stent-graft. No recurrent @entity1 was observed during the five years follow-up periods. CONCLUSION: HP should be included in the differential diagnosis of intermittent @entity1 in @entity0 with histories of @entity6 , even when they do not have a history of chronic @entity5 . We recommend an interventional procedure with a metal stent for the initial treatment of HP.

title: Endovascular management of hemosuccus pancreaticus, a rare case report of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several case reports and epidemiological studies have raised concern about the @entity1 potential of @entity4 , the use of which has increased substantially over the last decade. @entity4 is, in some cases, used for recreational purposes and it has incurred attention among drug abusers for causing euphoric and dissociative effects when taken in doses exceeding normal therapeutic dosages or used by alternative routes of administration, such as nasal insufflation or venous injection. The magnitude of the @entity1 potential and the mechanism behind it are not fully known. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present a systematic review of the data concerning the @entity1 potential of @entity4 . METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search and reviewed the preclinical, clinical and epidemiological data on the @entity1 potential of @entity4 . RESULTS: We included preclinical (n  =  17), clinical (n  =  19) and epidemiological (n  =  13) studies addressing the @entity1 potential of @entity4 . We also reviewed case reports (n  =  9) concerning @entity1 of @entity4 . The preclinical studies indicated that @entity4 possesses modulatory effects on the @entity2 and @entity3 systems, leaving room for an @entity1 potential. Further, clinical studies reported euphoria as a frequent side effect in @entity0 treated with @entity4 . The majority of case reports concerning @entity1 of @entity4 involved @entity0 with a history of @entity1 and, similarly, epidemiological studies found evidence of @entity1 , especially among opiate abusers. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the available literature suggests an important clinical @entity1 potential of @entity4 and prescribers should pay attention to signs of @entity1 , especially in @entity0 with a history of @entity1 .

title: Abuse Potential of XXXX : A Systematic Review.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previously we investigated the tissue factor (TF)-dependent coagulation pathway and key haemostatic cofactors in white @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and suggested that plasma factor VII (FVII) levels can differentiate @entity0 with @entity1 from healthy nonpregnant @entity0 or normal pregnant @entity0 , at the same trimester, with high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Here we re-examine the TF-dependent pathway in a large cohort of Brazilian @entity0 . A total of 240 @entity0 were studied. These included healthy nonpregnant @entity0 (n=79), normotensive pregnant @entity0 (n=80) and @entity0 with severe @entity1 (n=81). Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure plasma FVII, activated factor VII (FVIIa), TF and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). All study @entity0 were matched for age. Pregnant @entity0 (with/without @entity1 ) were matched for gestational age and parity. Plasma levels of FVII, FVIIa and @entity2 were significantly increased in @entity0 with severe @entity1 compared with healthy nonpregnant @entity0 (P<0.01) or normotensive pregnant @entity0 (P<0.01). FVIIa was also higher in normotensive pregnant @entity0 compared with nonpregnant @entity0 (P<0.01). However, no such significant trends were observed for plasma TF levels (P=0.074). In conclusion, circulating FVII, FVIIa and @entity2 were significantly elevated in @entity0 with severe @entity1 in the absence of comparable changes in plasma TF levels. The present work is in agreement with our previous report on FVII levels in white @entity0 with @entity1 . Thus, this lends further support to the notion that plasma FVII levels are potentially valuable diagnostic marker for @entity1 , irrespective of ethnicity.

title: Tissue factor-dependent pathway in severe XXXX revisited: a Brazilian cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity2 are three common secondary health problems experienced by @entity0 living with traumatic @entity5 . Limited research exists related to the interaction of these symptoms and their cumulative effect on @entity0 outcomes and quality of life. This article is a report of an exploratory literature review that uses the conceptual approach of symptom clustering to classify secondary health problems in @entity5 . CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies published in English between 1990 and 2008. Eleven articles met the inclusion criteria for review. Studies were categorized by levels of evidence defined by the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses Clinical Practice Guidelines. Research on the interaction of the symptom pair chronic @entity1 and @entity2 was evident. Several surveys reported the occurrence of multiple symptoms, but none specifically addressed the management of the interactive effects of the symptom cluster chronic @entity1 , @entity3 , and @entity2 . Increased disciplinary knowledge of symptom clusters in the @entity5 population is needed for research and practice. Furthermore, determining symptom clusters in this population may assist clinicians in providing targeted interventions to simultaneously treat multiple symptoms.

title: Symptom clusters in traumatic XXXX : an exploratory literature review.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The aim of the study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a new surgical procedure, dumbbell-form resection (DFR), for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) with severe @entity2 . In DFR, liver segments I, IVb, and partial V above the right hepatic pedicle are resected.Hemihepatectomy is recognized as the preferred procedure; however, its application is limited in HCCAs with severe @entity2 .Thirty-eight @entity1 @entity0 with severe @entity2 receiving DFR and 70 receiving hemihepatectomy from January 2008 to January 2013 were included. Perioperative parameters, operation-related morbidity and mortality, and post-operative survival were analyzed.A total of 21.1% @entity0 (8/38) in the DFR group received percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), which was significantly <81.4% (57/70) in the hemihepatectomy group. The TBIL was higher in the DFR group at operation (243.7 vs 125.6 mol/L, respectively). The remnant liver volume was significantly higher after DFR. The operation-related morbidity was significantly lower after DFR than after hemihepatectomy (26.3% vs 48.6%, respectively). None of the @entity0 died during the perioperative period after DFR, whereas 3 died after hemihepatectomy. There was no difference in margin status, histological grade, lymph-node involvement, and distant metastasis between the 2 groups. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates after DFR (68.4%, 32.1%, and 21.4%, respectively) showed no significant difference with those after hemihepatectomy (62.7%, 34.6%, and 23.3%, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that overall survival and recurrence after DFR demonstrated no significant difference compared with hemihepatectomy.DFR appears to be feasible for selected @entity1 @entity0 with severe @entity2 . However, its indications should be restricted.

title: A New Surgical Procedure "Dumbbell-Form Resection" for Selected XXXX With Severe Jaundice: Comparison With Hemihepatectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the long-term value of high-dose @entity3 cardiac magnetic resonance (DCMR) for the prediction of @entity2 in a large cohort of @entity0 with known or suspected @entity4 . BACKGROUND: High-dose DCMR has been shown to be a useful technique for diagnosis and intermediate-term prognostic stratification. METHODS: Clinical data and DCMR results were analyzed in 1,463 consecutive @entity0 undergoing DCMR between 2000 and 2004. Ninety-four @entity0 were lost to follow-up. The remaining 1,369 @entity0 were followed up for a mean of 44    24 months. @entity2 , defined as @entity1 and nonfatal @entity5 , were related to clinical and DCMR results. RESULTS: Three-hundred fifty-two @entity0 underwent early revascularization (<= 3 months of DCMR) and were excluded from analysis. Of the remaining 1,017 @entity0 , 301 @entity0 (29.6%) experienced inducible @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Forty-six @entity2 were reported. In those with and without inducible @entity6 , the proportion of @entity0 with @entity2 was 8.0% versus 3.1%, respectively, p = 0.001 (hazard ratio: 3.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.8 to 5.9 for the presence of inducible @entity6 ; p < 0.001). A DCMR without inducible @entity6 carried an excellent prognosis, with a 6-year cardiac event-free survival of 96.8%. In all 1,369 @entity0 in the @entity0 group with stress-inducible @entity6 , those @entity0 with medical therapy demonstrated a trend to a higher cardiac event rate (8.0%) than those with early revascularization (5.4%) (p = 0.234). @entity0 with normal DCMR and medical therapy or early revascularization demonstrated similar cumulative cardiac event rates (3.1% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.964). CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of @entity0 , DCMR has an added value for predicting @entity2 during long-term follow-up, improving the differentiation between high-risk and low-risk @entity0 . @entity0 with inducible @entity6 and following early revascularization, demonstrate lower cardiac event rates than @entity0 with medical therapy alone.

title: Long-term prognostic value of XXXX stress CMR.

answer: @entity3