abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the genetic contribution to the aetiology of @entity1 . DESIGN: Historical cohort study of twins, with information on @entity0 being gathered by questionnaire, verification of the diagnosis by the subject's diabetologist or general practitioner, and clinical examination in available twins. SETTING: Danish twin register and @entity0 clinics and general practices throughout Denmark. SUBJECTS: 20,888 twin pairs born during 1953-82, included in a population based nationwide register. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Crude and cumulative concordance rates and heritability in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. RESULTS: The crude probandwise concordance rate was 0.53 (95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.73) for monozygotic twin pairs and 0.11 (0.05 to 0.21) for dizygotic twin pairs. When adjusted for age at onset of @entity0 and age at last observation among unaffected twin partners the cumulative proband-wise risk from birth to age 35 was estimated as 0.70 (0.45 to 0.95) for monozygotic twins and 0.13 (0.05 to 0.20) for dizygotic twins. The correlations of liability for monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were estimated as 0.96 (SE 0.09) and 0.58 (0.07), with a heritability estimate of 0.72 (0.21). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of insulin dependent @entity0 in monozygotic twins is higher than previously thought and for dizygotic twins is higher than in ordinary first degree relatives. Based on the findings of this study the genetic component to the disease seems more important than hitherto believed.

title: Concordance rates of XXXX : a population based study of young Danish twins.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two hundred twenty-seven cases of @entity7 reported in nonreferral county practice were studied. The staphylococci, @entity6 and @entity4 , were the major isolates. A multivariate statistical model was developed to evaluate possible predisposing and outcome determinants. Several racial and age-related relationships were shown. The interaction of numerous local ocular and systemic factors played a fundamental role in causing disease. The authors found significant association between @entity8 and topical @entity2 use, and direct and indirect linkage of @entity5 with @entity0 and @entity1 , respectively. @entity8 and Moraxella were risk factors for major complications (24% of cases); @entity8 was related to enucleation and late perforation. Corneal exposure and prior topical @entity3 were associated with prolonged hospital stays. Hypopyon was associated with @entity9 , 60 years of age or older, and @entity1 . The identification of groups at high-risk for @entity7 and problems of preventive management are discussed.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in southern California. A multivariate analysis.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Over 50 million @entity0 in the United States are @entity2 . @entity3 accounts for 3-5% of these @entity2 @entity0 . Because @entity6 is potentially curable, much effort has been devoted to detecting and treating @entity5 . Conventional angiography has been traditionally used to diagnose @entity5 . However, because of its invasiveness and cost, conventional angiography cannot be utilized as a screening test in all @entity0 who may have @entity5 . Several noninvasive studies have been advocated for screening in @entity2 @entity0 who may have @entity3 . However, the accuracy of these noninvasive studies is widely variable, and appropriate use of these noninvasive studies needs to be better defined. Appropriate use of diagnostic imaging examinations for @entity2 @entity0 depends on the index of suspicion for @entity3 and on the @entity0 's renal function. If certain clinical findings suggest the possibility of @entity3 , then conventional angiography/intraarterial digital subtraction angiography should be performed. Captopril renography or duplex Doppler sonography could also be utilized if angiography is not desired or is contraindicated because of @entity1 or a contrast @entity4 . Magnetic resonance angiography appears to be most helpful in a small, select group of @entity0 who are likely to have proximal @entity5 .

title: Diagnostic imaging evaluation of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: A multicentre study was undertaken to determine whether side effects induced by @entity2 drugs could be reduced by replacement with low dose @entity6 . There were 100 @entity0 on combinations of drugs, including diuretics, beta-blocking agents, @entity7 , @entity5 and vasodilators. A questionnarie to obtain information on quality of life was completed by the @entity0 . Each @entity0 had major drugs, possibly responsible for side effects, withdrawn. @entity6 was added at an initial dose of 12.5 up to 25 mg b.i.d. and titrated to a maximum of 50 mg t.i.d., until the blood pressure was equal to or lower than the level on entry into the study. Blood pressure was measured every two weeks and questionnaries were completed a number of times during the treatment period and scored at random, not in chronological order. A marked drop in blood pressure was obtained: mean systolic blood pressure went down from 173.4 +/- 2 to 154.5 +/- 2 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure dropped from 104.5 +/- 11 to 9l.5 +/- 12 mm Hg. Neither @entity3 nor orthostasis was observed. Side effects, including inability to concentrate, nightmares, @entity4 and @entity1 , were reduced in 36% of the @entity0 . @entity6 itself produced no significant additional adverse reactions. It is concluded that @entity6 is a safe and effective drug, which can replace antihypertensive drugs that have deleterious side effects.

title: XXXX as a replacement therapy in hypertension improving quality of life--a multicentre study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity4 is a @entity9 characterized by growth hormone hypersecretion and is usually caused by a @entity7 . It is associated with significantly increased @entity0 morbidity and mortality. Molecular biological studies have implicated a causative role for oncogenic mutations (activating @entity5 mutations and/or chromosomal 11q13 deletions) in less than 50% of cases. The cause(s) in the remaining 50% is speculative. Epidemiological evidence indicates that biochemical cure is achieved when mean GH levels are 5mU/l or less during a day-profile. This GH value correlates well with that required to normalize the serum @entity2 concentration, a GH-dependent peptide which can be used to monitor the disease activity in @entity4 . Treatment must be carried out under the supervision of a dedicated endocrinologist and tailored to @entity0 needs. The success of any treatment modality (surgery/pituitary irradiation/medical) depends on @entity3 size and the extent of pretreatment GH hypersecretion. A combination of therapies is usually required to achieve satisfactory control of @entity3 and GH hypersecretion. Octreotide, a synthetic analogue of native somatostatin, is particularly effective in controlling GH hypersecretion in this condition and the widespread introduction of a long-acting depot preparation is eagerly awaited. The development of @entity6 as a result of treatment is potentially worrying in view of its possible contribution to the increased incidence of @entity1 associated with @entity8 .

title: XXXX : unravelling a complex disease.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Eighty-three previously healthy @entity0 with @entity6 presenting to a general hospital were reviewed. The single most common cause was @entity4 (40 per cent) with @entity7 (7 per cent), @entity1 (8 per cent) and other definable causes much less frequent. In one-third of @entity0 (34 per cent) no cause was found although most appeared to respond to treatment either with anti- @entity4 drugs or @entity2 . There were some differences in clinical presentation, the clinical picture being most characteristic in @entity8 and @entity10 . However, there were frequent exceptions to any general rule and, particularly in adults, the clinical features and changes in cell count, protein and @entity5 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) did not reliably distinguish one form of @entity6 from another. Cerebral and meningeal biopsy produced disappointing results with respect to practical guidance in management. It is often necessary to begin treatment before a cause has been identified. Important points in management include the early use of anti- @entity4 treatment and the difficulty in deciding on a trial of treatment with @entity3 or @entity9 . Not emphasised in previous reports is a subgroup of @entity0 with @entity6 who are responsive to treatment with @entity2 . Those @entity0 tend to follow a more prolonged indolent course and often require long-term immunosuppression to control symptoms.

title: XXXX without predisposing illness--a review of 83 cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: In December 1982 an @entity4 presumably produced by the ingestion of home-made pickled trout occurred in San Rafael, province of Mendoza, Argentina. The toxin detected in blood serum and feces samples of the sole affected @entity0 was preliminarily typed as a plain type A. A strain of @entity5 was isolated from feces which, after culture by the dialysis method, produced 1 x 10(7) LD50/ @entity1 per ml. Quantitative neutralization tests carried out at different levels of toxin concentration, showed that this toxin consists of a major type A antigenic component (about 99% of the complex) and a minor type F component, defining its identity as a subtype Af. A rabbit antiserum obtained from this toxin neutralizes A and F reference toxins. Despite the antitoxic and supportive treatment, the @entity0 died as a consequence of the @entity3 . The polyvalent antiserum administered contained A, B and E antitoxins. @entity2 could be due to the lethal effect of the A fraction, the F fraction or to a combined effect of both toxic components of the toxin. This is the first detection of an outbreak produced by @entity5 subtype Af, serotype described in Argentina fifteen years ago, and not detected until now in other parts of the world.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [First outbreak of botulism caused by XXXX subtype Af].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Recent laboratory investigations of @entity0 with @entity4 and their pathologic tissues demonstrate the close immunologic relationship between the Langerhans-like cells of these @entity0 and normal epidermal Langerhans cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. @entity3 of a peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulation is seen in @entity4 @entity0 . Its relevance to the pathogenesis of the disease is yet to be determined. The @entity2 of @entity4 contains large numbers of cells similar to epidermal Langerhans cells, components of the mononuclear phagocytic system. The Langerhans cells of @entity4 can now be characterized by a number of immunologic and immunohistochemical techniques. Similarities and differences between them and other components of the mononuclear phagocytic system have been recognized, supporting the concept of the duality of the system's @entity1 . There is a deficiency of suppressor T lymphocytes in @entity0 with @entity4 and a rise in the number of suppressor cells after in vitro incubation with thymic hormones. Increases in the peripheral blood suppressor cell number occur spontaneously or inconsistently after parenteral administration of thymic hormone. It is not known at present what the relationship is between the decrease in suppressor lymphocytes and the reports of thymic abnormalities in these @entity0 . More investigations are needed in @entity0 with active and inactive disease: measuring serum thymic factors, performing clinical trials with thymic products, determining monocyte or macrophage function, and evaluating other possible dysfunctions of suppressor T lymphocytes.

title: Immunobiology of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We have examined the nature of biochemical degradation of an isolated basement membrane matrix ( @entity3 lens capsule) using different methodologies. The first strategy was quantitation of the release of surface-bound 125I and a second the documentation by @entity2 -PAGE of the appearance of putative cleavage products and the loss of high-molecular-weight components from the matrix. Basement membrane matrix bands resolved on @entity2 -PAGE were identified by their protease sensitivities as well as by Western immunoblots using monoclonal antibodies developed for this study. Radioiodinated components were found predominantly at positions on the gel equivalent to 160-200 kd and 400 kd proteins. Since these labeled moieties were sensitive to bacterial collagenase digestion and stained with anticollagen type IV antibodies, they were determined to represent various configurations of collagen type IV. Several other lower-molecular-weight bands also stained with the anticollagen IV antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies reactive with laminin exhibited a complex staining pattern on the gels, which included the expected 200 and 400 kd components. We confirmed that lens capsule basement membrane contained only a single heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan species, and @entity1 cell-induced glycosaminoglycan degradation within the basement membrane matrix was detected using @entity4 electrophoresis. Distinctive putative cleavage products were resolved on @entity2 -PAGE gels from matrices subjected to digestion by a variety of purified proteases as well as by @entity0 cells or their conditioned media. @entity1 cells of different histiotypes produced different characteristic cleavage patterns, suggestive of the existence of several pathways of matrix degradation. Overall, primary @entity1 cells exhibited a greater degradative activity towards the basement membrane matrix than did long-term tissue culture-passaged cells. The same @entity1 cell line could exhibit considerably different patterns of both protein and glycosaminoglycan degradation depending on recent culture history. The relevance of these biochemical studies to the pathogenesis of @entity1 is shown by: 1) the evaluation of degradative activities of B16 @entity1 cell populations exhibiting enhanced lung-colonizing phenotypes, and 2) the ability of a known antimetastatic moiety with antiprotease activity (Haementeria leech species salivary gland extract) to protect matrix components from degradation by @entity1 cell-conditioned medium.

title: Comparison of basement membrane matrix degradation by purified proteases and by XXXX cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine how many @entity0 were deprived of treatment by being given placebo as comparator in trials of @entity2 for @entity1 . DESIGN: Review of published trials of @entity2 during 1991 to July 1994. SETTING: Medline search in a university department of anaesthesia. SUBJECTS: 8806 @entity0 who had been included in 18 indexed placebo controlled trials of @entity2 as prophylaxis against or treatment of @entity1 . RESULTS: Five studies (1236 @entity0 ) had been published by July 1992. All were placebo controlled trials. By July 1994, 8806 @entity0 had been included in 18 indexed placebo controlled studies of prophylaxis or treatment. Only 462 @entity0 had been in studies that compared @entity2 with other drugs, and there were no indexed comparative trials of treatment of @entity1 . Roughly 2180 @entity0 had been given placebo as prophylaxis and 440 had been given placebo when already experiencing @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Around 2620 @entity0 in the reviewed studies were denied existing drugs, which, though not completely effective or without side effects, do bring some relief from @entity1 . Drug regulatory bodies should collaborate with drug companies to ensure better comparison of new with established drugs. This would avoid placebos being given to more than the fewest @entity0 necessary to confirm effect and would allow doctors to be informed more quickly about relative efficacies.

title: Denial of effective treatment and poor quality of clinical information in placebo controlled trials of @entity2 for XXXX : a review of published trials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine how many @entity0 were deprived of treatment by being given placebo as comparator in trials of @entity2 for @entity1 . DESIGN: Review of published trials of @entity2 during 1991 to July 1994. SETTING: Medline search in a university department of anaesthesia. SUBJECTS: 8806 @entity0 who had been included in 18 indexed placebo controlled trials of @entity2 as prophylaxis against or treatment of @entity1 . RESULTS: Five studies (1236 @entity0 ) had been published by July 1992. All were placebo controlled trials. By July 1994, 8806 @entity0 had been included in 18 indexed placebo controlled studies of prophylaxis or treatment. Only 462 @entity0 had been in studies that compared @entity2 with other drugs, and there were no indexed comparative trials of treatment of @entity1 . Roughly 2180 @entity0 had been given placebo as prophylaxis and 440 had been given placebo when already experiencing @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Around 2620 @entity0 in the reviewed studies were denied existing drugs, which, though not completely effective or without side effects, do bring some relief from @entity1 . Drug regulatory bodies should collaborate with drug companies to ensure better comparison of new with established drugs. This would avoid placebos being given to more than the fewest @entity0 necessary to confirm effect and would allow doctors to be informed more quickly about relative efficacies.

title: Denial of effective treatment and poor quality of clinical information in placebo controlled trials of XXXX for @entity1 : a review of published trials.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate two hospital outbreaks of @entity3 in southern central Nigeria. SETTING: Hospitals and clinics in urban and rural areas of Imo State, Nigeria. DESIGN: Medical records were reviewed in hospitals and clinics in both areas. @entity0 with presumed and laboratory confirmed @entity3 were identified and contracts traced. Hospital staff, @entity0 , and local residents were questioned, records were carefully reviewed, and serum samples were taken. Serum samples were assayed for antibody specific to @entity4 , and isolates of @entity4 were obtained. RESULTS: Among 34 @entity0 with @entity3 , including 20 @entity0 , six nurses, two surgeons, one physician, and the son of a @entity0 , there were 22 @entity1 (65% fatality rate). Eleven cases were laboratory confirmed, five by isolation of virus. Most @entity0 had been exposed in hospitals (attack rate in @entity0 in one hospital 55%). Both outbreak hospitals were inadequately equipped and staffed, with poor medical practice. Compelling, indirect evidence revealed that parenteral drug rounds with sharing of syringes, conducted by minimally educated and supervised staff, fuelled the @entity2 among @entity0 . Staff were subsequently infected during emergency surgery and while caring for nosocomially infected @entity0 . CONCLUSION: This outbreak illustrates the high price exacted by the practice of modern medicine, particularly use of parenteral injections and surgery, without due attention to good medical practice. High priority must be given to education of medical staff in developing countries and to guidelines for safe operation of clinics and hospitals. Failure to do so will have far reaching, costly, and ultimately devastating consequences.

title: Review of cases of nosocomial XXXX in Nigeria: the high price of poor medical practice.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) mutants or recombinant vectors might be useful oncolytic agents. Three general types of @entity2 vectors can be potentially used for this purpose: (1) mutants in viral transcription factors, such as ICP0 and ICP4; (2) mutants in enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism, such as @entity3 kinase (TK) and @entity4 reductase (RR); and (3) mutants in neurovirulence factors, such as gamma 34.5. We tested the destructive ability of each type against @entity1 9L @entity5 cells in culture. We found that the @entity2 vectors defective in TK or RR were more efficient at @entity0 cell lysis in culture than the other types of @entity2 vectors. This increased efficiency provided the rationale for evaluating the TK and RR mutants in vivo following their stereotactic inoculation into 9L @entity5 implanted in @entity1 brains. We employed the X-gal enzymatic histochemical assay to show that @entity2 -mediated lacZ gene expression was present in cells within the @entity0 mass in a relatively selective fashion. Immunoreactive @entity2 capsid and core antigens were present both in cells within the @entity0 , as well as in cells such as neurons and astrocytes, directly adjacent to the @entity0 mass. Long-term survival studies revealed that @entity1 treated with either the TK or RR mutant lived significantly longer than control @entity1 (p = 0.014, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance). These results indicate that @entity2 vectors, defective in enzymes needed in nucleic acid metabolism, can preferentially mediate lacZ gene expression in cells within the @entity0 . (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antitumor activity and reporter gene transfer into @entity1 brain neoplasms inoculated with herpes simplex virus vectors defective in XXXX kinase or @entity4 reductase.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) mutants or recombinant vectors might be useful oncolytic agents. Three general types of @entity2 vectors can be potentially used for this purpose: (1) mutants in viral transcription factors, such as ICP0 and ICP4; (2) mutants in enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism, such as @entity3 kinase (TK) and @entity4 reductase (RR); and (3) mutants in neurovirulence factors, such as gamma 34.5. We tested the destructive ability of each type against @entity1 9L @entity5 cells in culture. We found that the @entity2 vectors defective in TK or RR were more efficient at @entity0 cell lysis in culture than the other types of @entity2 vectors. This increased efficiency provided the rationale for evaluating the TK and RR mutants in vivo following their stereotactic inoculation into 9L @entity5 implanted in @entity1 brains. We employed the X-gal enzymatic histochemical assay to show that @entity2 -mediated lacZ gene expression was present in cells within the @entity0 mass in a relatively selective fashion. Immunoreactive @entity2 capsid and core antigens were present both in cells within the @entity0 , as well as in cells such as neurons and astrocytes, directly adjacent to the @entity0 mass. Long-term survival studies revealed that @entity1 treated with either the TK or RR mutant lived significantly longer than control @entity1 (p = 0.014, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance). These results indicate that @entity2 vectors, defective in enzymes needed in nucleic acid metabolism, can preferentially mediate lacZ gene expression in cells within the @entity0 . (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antitumor activity and reporter gene transfer into @entity1 brain neoplasms inoculated with herpes simplex virus vectors defective in @entity3 kinase or XXXX reductase.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) mutants or recombinant vectors might be useful oncolytic agents. Three general types of @entity2 vectors can be potentially used for this purpose: (1) mutants in viral transcription factors, such as ICP0 and ICP4; (2) mutants in enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism, such as @entity3 kinase (TK) and @entity4 reductase (RR); and (3) mutants in neurovirulence factors, such as gamma 34.5. We tested the destructive ability of each type against @entity1 9L @entity5 cells in culture. We found that the @entity2 vectors defective in TK or RR were more efficient at @entity0 cell lysis in culture than the other types of @entity2 vectors. This increased efficiency provided the rationale for evaluating the TK and RR mutants in vivo following their stereotactic inoculation into 9L @entity5 implanted in @entity1 brains. We employed the X-gal enzymatic histochemical assay to show that @entity2 -mediated lacZ gene expression was present in cells within the @entity0 mass in a relatively selective fashion. Immunoreactive @entity2 capsid and core antigens were present both in cells within the @entity0 , as well as in cells such as neurons and astrocytes, directly adjacent to the @entity0 mass. Long-term survival studies revealed that @entity1 treated with either the TK or RR mutant lived significantly longer than control @entity1 (p = 0.014, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance). These results indicate that @entity2 vectors, defective in enzymes needed in nucleic acid metabolism, can preferentially mediate lacZ gene expression in cells within the @entity0 . (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antitumor activity and reporter gene transfer into XXXX brain neoplasms inoculated with herpes simplex virus vectors defective in @entity3 kinase or @entity4 reductase.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 are benign, @entity2 and are found for the most part in @entity0 and young adults. They are most often localized in either the spinal cord or the cerebral hemispheres. @entity7 in the sellar region are extremely rare and only 43 such @entity1 (including 4 own cases) have ever been described in the literature. Although these @entity1 are genuine rarities without any epidemiological importance, they do provide some interesting information on tumorigenesis of @entity4 : 65% of the @entity7 are associated with a @entity4 . 74% of @entity0 with these @entity1 suffered hormonal oversecretion of at least one of the pituitary hormones (mostly @entity6 ). With only one exception, the hypothalamic releasing hormone corresponding to the hormonal oversecretion syndrome could be demonstrated in the @entity7 immunohistochemically. Ultrastructural studies could demonstrate close cell to cell contacts between @entity3 and gangliocytome cells. All these data support the hypothesis that chronic overstimulation by hypothalamic releasing hormones play a role in the development of hormone secreting @entity4 . However, in contrast to sellar gangliocytemas, extrahypothalamic @entity1 secreting excessive hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones have never been associated with a @entity4 . They have only been associated with @entity5 . Therefore, the hypothesis can be made that hypothalamic releasing hormones only promote but do not initiate tumorigenesis of @entity4 .

title: XXXX of the sellar region--a review.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of intensive therapy of @entity1 on the progression to clinical @entity3 in insulin dependent @entity1 @entity0 with microalbuminuria. DESIGN: Randomised controlled clinical trial of intensive versus conventional therapy of @entity1 for a median of 5 years (range 2-8). SETTING: Nine hospital based specialist @entity1 centres in England and Wales. SUBJECTS: 70 European insulin dependent @entity1 @entity0 aged 17-59 years with microalbuminuria (albumin excretion 30-199 micrograms/min), but without arterial @entity2 , recruited from the nine hospital based specialist @entity1 centres. INTERVENTIONS: Intensive @entity1 therapy was allocated to 36 @entity0 (27 @entity0 , 9 @entity0 ) and conventional @entity1 therapy to 34 (24 @entity0 , 10 @entity0 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Development of clinical @entity3 , defined as albumin excretion greater than 200 micrograms/min on at least two consecutive occasions, and rate of change of albumin excretion. RESULTS: Mean glycated haemoglobin concentration, similar at baseline in the two groups (intensive therapy group 10.3% (SEM 1.9%), conventional therapy group 9.8% (1.6%)), fell significantly (by 14%) in the intensive therapy group only. A significant glycaemic separation between the two groups was maintained for up to three years. Progression to clinical @entity3 occurred in six @entity0 in each group. Blood pressure, similar at baseline, fell significantly by 1 mm Hg (95% confidence interval -4.20 to 1.43) per year in the conventional therapy group, but the difference in the rate of blood pressure change between the groups was not significant. Independent of treatment assignment, a mean blood pressure above the group mean (93.6 mm Hg), but not the glycated haemoglobin concentration, predicted progression to clinical @entity3 (relative risk 4.2, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 13.0). CONCLUSIONS: Intensive therapy with improved glycaemic control for three years had no impact on the progression of @entity3 in insulin dependent @entity1 @entity0 with microalbuminuria. The reduction in blood pressure in the conventional therapy group may have affected outcome--in that arterial blood pressure rather than glycated haemoglobin concentration seemed to be the main predictor of progression from microalbuminuria to clinical @entity3 .

title: Intensive therapy and progression to clinical XXXX in @entity0 with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria Collaborative Study Group, United Kingdom.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of intensive therapy of @entity1 on the progression to clinical @entity3 in insulin dependent @entity1 @entity0 with microalbuminuria. DESIGN: Randomised controlled clinical trial of intensive versus conventional therapy of @entity1 for a median of 5 years (range 2-8). SETTING: Nine hospital based specialist @entity1 centres in England and Wales. SUBJECTS: 70 European insulin dependent @entity1 @entity0 aged 17-59 years with microalbuminuria (albumin excretion 30-199 micrograms/min), but without arterial @entity2 , recruited from the nine hospital based specialist @entity1 centres. INTERVENTIONS: Intensive @entity1 therapy was allocated to 36 @entity0 (27 @entity0 , 9 @entity0 ) and conventional @entity1 therapy to 34 (24 @entity0 , 10 @entity0 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Development of clinical @entity3 , defined as albumin excretion greater than 200 micrograms/min on at least two consecutive occasions, and rate of change of albumin excretion. RESULTS: Mean glycated haemoglobin concentration, similar at baseline in the two groups (intensive therapy group 10.3% (SEM 1.9%), conventional therapy group 9.8% (1.6%)), fell significantly (by 14%) in the intensive therapy group only. A significant glycaemic separation between the two groups was maintained for up to three years. Progression to clinical @entity3 occurred in six @entity0 in each group. Blood pressure, similar at baseline, fell significantly by 1 mm Hg (95% confidence interval -4.20 to 1.43) per year in the conventional therapy group, but the difference in the rate of blood pressure change between the groups was not significant. Independent of treatment assignment, a mean blood pressure above the group mean (93.6 mm Hg), but not the glycated haemoglobin concentration, predicted progression to clinical @entity3 (relative risk 4.2, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 13.0). CONCLUSIONS: Intensive therapy with improved glycaemic control for three years had no impact on the progression of @entity3 in insulin dependent @entity1 @entity0 with microalbuminuria. The reduction in blood pressure in the conventional therapy group may have affected outcome--in that arterial blood pressure rather than glycated haemoglobin concentration seemed to be the main predictor of progression from microalbuminuria to clinical @entity3 .

title: Intensive therapy and progression to clinical @entity3 in XXXX with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria Collaborative Study Group, United Kingdom.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effect of @entity6 -induced reduction in blood @entity2 to 65 +/- 20 mg/dl (mean +/- standard deviation) on recovery of electrophysiological function and extracellular @entity4 concentration was studied in a @entity1 model of @entity5 . These results were compared to findings in animals with @entity5 that either were fasted overnight (fasted group: blood @entity2 97 +/- 26 mg/dl) or had no pretreatment (control group: blood @entity2 172 +/- 65 mg/dl). The aorta was occluded until the postsynaptic waves of the spinal somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP's) had been absent for 20 minutes, a period of @entity0 that produces @entity3 in 100% of untreated @entity1 . The total aortic occlusion time was not significantly different in the three groups. Recovery of the SSEP's was significantly better in the @entity6 -treated animals than in the fasted or control animals. The N3 wave of the SSEP's, which has been found to correlate best with neurological recovery, returned to 65% +/- 48% of the preischemia amplitude in the @entity6 -treated animals, compared to 40% +/- 34% in the fasted group and 26% +/- 24% in the control animals. Extracellular @entity4 concentration in the spinal cord increased immediately after occlusion of the aorta, reached a plateau as the postsynaptic waves disappeared from the SSEP's, and then increased a second time during the first 15 minutes of reperfusion. The peak @entity4 concentration during @entity0 and during reperfusion correlated with the preischemia @entity2 concentration (r = 0.60336 and r = 0.76930, respectively). @entity4 concentration in the spinal cord was higher during @entity0 and throughout the first 2 hours of reperfusion in the control and fasted animals than in the @entity6 -treated animals. During the 2nd hour of reperfusion, @entity4 concentration was significantly higher in the control animals than in the fasted animals. Reduction in blood @entity2 with @entity6 improves recovery of electrophysiological function after @entity5 , probably because of reduced @entity4 production, especially during the early reperfusion period.

title: Protection against XXXX with @entity6 -induced hypoglycemia.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The effect of @entity6 -induced reduction in blood @entity2 to 65 +/- 20 mg/dl (mean +/- standard deviation) on recovery of electrophysiological function and extracellular @entity4 concentration was studied in a @entity1 model of @entity5 . These results were compared to findings in animals with @entity5 that either were fasted overnight (fasted group: blood @entity2 97 +/- 26 mg/dl) or had no pretreatment (control group: blood @entity2 172 +/- 65 mg/dl). The aorta was occluded until the postsynaptic waves of the spinal somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP's) had been absent for 20 minutes, a period of @entity0 that produces @entity3 in 100% of untreated @entity1 . The total aortic occlusion time was not significantly different in the three groups. Recovery of the SSEP's was significantly better in the @entity6 -treated animals than in the fasted or control animals. The N3 wave of the SSEP's, which has been found to correlate best with neurological recovery, returned to 65% +/- 48% of the preischemia amplitude in the @entity6 -treated animals, compared to 40% +/- 34% in the fasted group and 26% +/- 24% in the control animals. Extracellular @entity4 concentration in the spinal cord increased immediately after occlusion of the aorta, reached a plateau as the postsynaptic waves disappeared from the SSEP's, and then increased a second time during the first 15 minutes of reperfusion. The peak @entity4 concentration during @entity0 and during reperfusion correlated with the preischemia @entity2 concentration (r = 0.60336 and r = 0.76930, respectively). @entity4 concentration in the spinal cord was higher during @entity0 and throughout the first 2 hours of reperfusion in the control and fasted animals than in the @entity6 -treated animals. During the 2nd hour of reperfusion, @entity4 concentration was significantly higher in the control animals than in the fasted animals. Reduction in blood @entity2 with @entity6 improves recovery of electrophysiological function after @entity5 , probably because of reduced @entity4 production, especially during the early reperfusion period.

title: Protection against @entity5 with XXXX -induced hypoglycemia.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Three humoral defense activities (antibacterial, bacteriolytic and agglutinating) were detected in the body fluid of the @entity3 @entity8 . Gram-positive bacteria ( @entity2 and @entity5 ) were more sensitive to the antibacterial activity than the Gram-negative bacteria ( @entity1 coli). The antibacterial activity was heat stable and was lost by trypsin digestion. The molecular mass of the factor responsible for antibacterial activity was estimated as 6 kDa. The bacteriolytic activity against dried @entity7 was also detected. The bacteriolytic factor was 6-9 kDa in molecular mass, heat sensitive and trypsin sensitive. Both @entity1 and @entity4 -fixed trypsin-treated @entity0 A-type red blood cells were agglutinated in the body fluid. An analytical gel permeation HPLC revealed the agglutinating activity consists of at least two @entity6 . Activities of both agglutinating @entity6 were lost by heat treatment or trypsin digestion. The molecular masses estimated for the two agglutinating @entity6 were 500 kDa and 25 kDa. Under experimental conditions, microbe-injection was not a prerequisite for the appearance of these defense activities.

title: Humoral defense of the XXXX Ascaris suum: antibacterial, bacteriolytic and agglutinating activities in the body fluid.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Characterization of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in a cultured @entity0 Leydig cell line (TM-3) was performed. Radioimmunoassayable @entity1 and @entity2 concentrations in TM-3 conditioned media (CM) were below the assay detection levels. Affinity cross-linking of @entity1 and @entity2 to crude membranes prepared from TM-3 cells revealed both type 1 and type 2 receptors and a 31 kDa IGF binding protein (IGFBP). Immunoprecipitation of solubilized crude membranes indicated that the 31 kDa protein was membrane associated @entity3 . Western ligand blots of CM from TM-3 cells demonstrated the presence of 24 and 28 kDa bands as major IGFBPs, and 25, 40, and 44 kDa as minor ones. The 28 kDa band could be invisible after Endoglycosidase-F treatment, suggesting that the 28 kDa IGFBP was a glycosylated form of IGFBP. The 24 kDa and 28 kDa bands were immunoprecipitated with an antibody to @entity3 . Treatment of TM-3 cells with @entity1 increased the levels of the 24 kDa @entity3 , as well as 25, 28, 40, and 44 kDa IGFBPs. @entity1 treatment also resulted in the appearance of a 29 kDa IGFBP. Neither the 25 nor 29 kDa bands were deglycosylated with Endoglycosidase-F nor immunoprecipitated by antibodies to @entity4 . On the other hand, @entity2 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the 24 kDa @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Characterization of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) axis in a cultured XXXX Leydig cell line (TM-3).

answer: @entity0


abstract: A phase II study of the efficacy and safety of @entity5 , a new potent immunosuppressant, has been conducted in 49 @entity0 with GVHD after allogeneic BMT. Eighteen @entity0 with acute GVHD and 31 with chronic GVHD entered the study. @entity5 was administered at an initial dose of 0.05 mg/kg i.v. or 0.15 mg/kg orally twice a day to those whose GVHD had become uncontrollable with @entity2 and/or other immunosuppressants. The response to @entity5 was evaluated in 13 @entity0 with acute and 26 with chronic GVHD. A marked response was observed in 5 and a good response in 2 of 13 @entity0 with acute GVHD. For those with chronic GVHD, the response was marked in 2 @entity0 , good in 10 and poor in 8. The most common adverse effects were @entity1 (53.1%), followed by @entity3 and @entity4 (30.6%) and a feeding of warmth (18.4%). There was a correlation between @entity1 and whole blood levels of @entity5 . The dose should be adjusted to keep a trough level between 15 and 25 ng/ml. @entity5 is promising in the treatment of both @entity6 , even if it is intractable with other immunosuppressants, and may be most effective if administered early in the course of GVHD.

title: @entity5 treatment of graft-versus-host disease developing or exacerbating during prophylaxis and therapy with XXXX and/or other immunosuppressants. Japanese @entity5 BMT Study Group.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A phase II study of the efficacy and safety of @entity5 , a new potent immunosuppressant, has been conducted in 49 @entity0 with GVHD after allogeneic BMT. Eighteen @entity0 with acute GVHD and 31 with chronic GVHD entered the study. @entity5 was administered at an initial dose of 0.05 mg/kg i.v. or 0.15 mg/kg orally twice a day to those whose GVHD had become uncontrollable with @entity2 and/or other immunosuppressants. The response to @entity5 was evaluated in 13 @entity0 with acute and 26 with chronic GVHD. A marked response was observed in 5 and a good response in 2 of 13 @entity0 with acute GVHD. For those with chronic GVHD, the response was marked in 2 @entity0 , good in 10 and poor in 8. The most common adverse effects were @entity1 (53.1%), followed by @entity3 and @entity4 (30.6%) and a feeding of warmth (18.4%). There was a correlation between @entity1 and whole blood levels of @entity5 . The dose should be adjusted to keep a trough level between 15 and 25 ng/ml. @entity5 is promising in the treatment of both @entity6 , even if it is intractable with other immunosuppressants, and may be most effective if administered early in the course of GVHD.

title: XXXX treatment of graft-versus-host disease developing or exacerbating during prophylaxis and therapy with @entity2 and/or other immunosuppressants. Japanese @entity5 BMT Study Group.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A phase II study of the efficacy and safety of @entity5 , a new potent immunosuppressant, has been conducted in 49 @entity0 with GVHD after allogeneic BMT. Eighteen @entity0 with acute GVHD and 31 with chronic GVHD entered the study. @entity5 was administered at an initial dose of 0.05 mg/kg i.v. or 0.15 mg/kg orally twice a day to those whose GVHD had become uncontrollable with @entity2 and/or other immunosuppressants. The response to @entity5 was evaluated in 13 @entity0 with acute and 26 with chronic GVHD. A marked response was observed in 5 and a good response in 2 of 13 @entity0 with acute GVHD. For those with chronic GVHD, the response was marked in 2 @entity0 , good in 10 and poor in 8. The most common adverse effects were @entity1 (53.1%), followed by @entity3 and @entity4 (30.6%) and a feeding of warmth (18.4%). There was a correlation between @entity1 and whole blood levels of @entity5 . The dose should be adjusted to keep a trough level between 15 and 25 ng/ml. @entity5 is promising in the treatment of both @entity6 , even if it is intractable with other immunosuppressants, and may be most effective if administered early in the course of GVHD.

title: @entity5 treatment of graft-versus-host disease developing or exacerbating during prophylaxis and therapy with @entity2 and/or other immunosuppressants. Japanese XXXX BMT Study Group.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We investigated the effects of selective beta 1 adrenoceptor stimulation on @entity0 tension ( @entity5 ) in the myocardium of anesthetized @entity1 . A beta 1-selective full agonist, @entity7 (0.01-0.05 microgram/kg, i.v.), caused positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, and increased left circumflex blood flow, although it did not change arterial blood pressure. These effects were inhibited by @entity3 (10 micrograms/kg), but not by @entity6 (30 micrograms/kg). Under control conditions, subepicardial @entity5 ( @entity5 epi) and subendocardial @entity5 (pO2endo) were approximately 33 and 27 mmHg, respectively. @entity7 (0.05 microgram/kg) decreased pO2epi in all cases, with a mean decrease of 2.6 +/- 0.5 mmHg, and this was significantly inhibited by @entity3 . @entity7 caused an increase (7 out of 10 @entity1 ) or a slight decrease (3 out of 10) in the pO2endo; the mean increment was 2.0 +/- 1.3 mmHg (n = 10). @entity4 (0.01-0.05 microgram/kg, i.v.) exerted positive inotropic and chronotropic effects that were sensitive to @entity3 , and a @entity2 effect that was sensitive to @entity6 . @entity4 caused an increase in blood flow that was sensitive to @entity6 . @entity4 (0.05 microgram/kg) decreased pO2epi in all cases, with a mean decrease of 2.7 +/- 0.5 mmHg, which was significantly inhibited by @entity3 . @entity4 caused an increase (5 out of 10) or a slight decrease (5 out of 10) in the pO2endo; the mean increment was 1.1 +/- 1.2 mmHg (n = 10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differential effects of selective beta 1-agonist stimulation on epi- and endocardial XXXX tension in anesthetized @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We investigated the effects of selective beta 1 adrenoceptor stimulation on @entity0 tension ( @entity5 ) in the myocardium of anesthetized @entity1 . A beta 1-selective full agonist, @entity7 (0.01-0.05 microgram/kg, i.v.), caused positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, and increased left circumflex blood flow, although it did not change arterial blood pressure. These effects were inhibited by @entity3 (10 micrograms/kg), but not by @entity6 (30 micrograms/kg). Under control conditions, subepicardial @entity5 ( @entity5 epi) and subendocardial @entity5 (pO2endo) were approximately 33 and 27 mmHg, respectively. @entity7 (0.05 microgram/kg) decreased pO2epi in all cases, with a mean decrease of 2.6 +/- 0.5 mmHg, and this was significantly inhibited by @entity3 . @entity7 caused an increase (7 out of 10 @entity1 ) or a slight decrease (3 out of 10) in the pO2endo; the mean increment was 2.0 +/- 1.3 mmHg (n = 10). @entity4 (0.01-0.05 microgram/kg, i.v.) exerted positive inotropic and chronotropic effects that were sensitive to @entity3 , and a @entity2 effect that was sensitive to @entity6 . @entity4 caused an increase in blood flow that was sensitive to @entity6 . @entity4 (0.05 microgram/kg) decreased pO2epi in all cases, with a mean decrease of 2.7 +/- 0.5 mmHg, which was significantly inhibited by @entity3 . @entity4 caused an increase (5 out of 10) or a slight decrease (5 out of 10) in the pO2endo; the mean increment was 1.1 +/- 1.2 mmHg (n = 10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differential effects of selective beta 1-agonist stimulation on epi- and endocardial @entity0 tension in anesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The neonatal heart is a very useful tool for the study of biochemical pathways and properties of cardiomyocytes and as it has the potential to regenerate for a brief period of time from birth; it is also useful to study cardiac regeneration. However, as the heart matures, this proficiency for regeneration is reduced. This regenerative potential may be influenced by the microenvironment of the heart in the early stages of postnatal development and therefore, cell cultures derived at this stage may contain functional cardiomyocytes and progenitor cells. The aim of this study was to identify key steps in the isolation and culture of such early stage-neonatal @entity0 hearts to allow maximum migration of cardiomyocytes from the explant and their maintenance as functional, long term cultures. Explant cultures of @entity0 ventricles preserved 3-dimensional structure and generated migrating layers of cardiomyocytes that expressed alpha sarcomeric actin which could be further sub-cultured by enzymatic dissociation. Western blotting demonstrated expression of @entity8 , @entity5 , alpha sarcomeric actin and @entity7 proteins after 20 days of explant culture. @entity9 , @entity5 , and @entity6 continued to express in five weeks old explant cultures while the @entity8 protein was expressed up to two passages during sub-culture. Real time PCR and SQRT PCR also demonstrated gene expression of cardiomyocyte markers in long term cultures. Migrating cells from the explants assembled into contracting spheroids after subculture and expressed the @entity8 protein. Progenitor markers @entity4 , @entity3 , and extracellular proteins, periostin and @entity2 demonstrated the preservation of cellular heterogeneity in such cultures. Supplementation with @entity1 maintained a cardioprotective environment and reduced the non-myocyte population. This is an optimized and efficient method for the generation of neonatal heart cultures that is not labor intensive and does not require supplementation with cytokines.

title: A simplified protocol for the isolation and culture of cardiomyocytes and progenitor cells from neonatal XXXX ventricles.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have devised a screen for genes from the @entity0 @entity0 whose expression is affected by cell type or by the mating pheromones. From this screen we identified a gene, @entity6 , whose pattern of expression revealed interesting regulatory strategies and whose product was required for efficient cell fusion during mating. Transcription of @entity6 occurred only in a and alpha cells, not in a/alpha cells, where it was repressed by a1 X alpha 2, a regulatory activity present uniquely in a/alpha cells. Transcription of @entity6 showed an absolute requirement for the products of five STE genes, @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity5 . Since the activators @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity5 are themselves repressed by a1 X alpha 2, the failure to express @entity6 in a/alpha cells is probably the result of a cascade of regulatory activities; repression of the activators by a1 X alpha 2 in turn precludes transcription of @entity6 . In addition to regulation of @entity6 by cell type, transcription from the locus increased 10-fold or more when a or alpha cells were exposed to the opposing mating pheromone. To investigate the function of the @entity6 protein, we created @entity6 null mutants. In @entity6 X @entity6 matings, the cells of a mating pair adhered tightly and appeared to form zygotes. However, the zygotes were abnormal. Within the conjugation bridge the contained a partition that prevented nuclear fusion and mixing of organelles. The predicted sequence of the @entity6 protein (deduced from the @entity6 DNA sequence) and subcellular fractionation studies with @entity6 -beta-galactosidase hybrid proteins suggest that @entity6 is a membrane or secreted protein. Thus, @entity6 may be located at a position within the cell where it is poised to catalyze cell wall or plasma membrane fusion.

title: Identification and regulation of a gene required for cell fusion during mating of the XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have devised a screen for genes from the @entity0 @entity0 whose expression is affected by cell type or by the mating pheromones. From this screen we identified a gene, @entity6 , whose pattern of expression revealed interesting regulatory strategies and whose product was required for efficient cell fusion during mating. Transcription of @entity6 occurred only in a and alpha cells, not in a/alpha cells, where it was repressed by a1 X alpha 2, a regulatory activity present uniquely in a/alpha cells. Transcription of @entity6 showed an absolute requirement for the products of five STE genes, @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity5 . Since the activators @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity5 are themselves repressed by a1 X alpha 2, the failure to express @entity6 in a/alpha cells is probably the result of a cascade of regulatory activities; repression of the activators by a1 X alpha 2 in turn precludes transcription of @entity6 . In addition to regulation of @entity6 by cell type, transcription from the locus increased 10-fold or more when a or alpha cells were exposed to the opposing mating pheromone. To investigate the function of the @entity6 protein, we created @entity6 null mutants. In @entity6 X @entity6 matings, the cells of a mating pair adhered tightly and appeared to form zygotes. However, the zygotes were abnormal. Within the conjugation bridge the contained a partition that prevented nuclear fusion and mixing of organelles. The predicted sequence of the @entity6 protein (deduced from the @entity6 DNA sequence) and subcellular fractionation studies with @entity6 -beta-galactosidase hybrid proteins suggest that @entity6 is a membrane or secreted protein. Thus, @entity6 may be located at a position within the cell where it is poised to catalyze cell wall or plasma membrane fusion.

title: Identification and regulation of a gene required for cell fusion during mating of the @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the predictive value of @entity4 PET/CT imaging for pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and outcome in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-three consecutive @entity1 (51 years  12.7) with newly diagnosed @entity0 , assessed by PET/CT scan at baseline ( @entity5 ), after the third course of NACT (PET2) and before surgery (PET3), were included. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to the pathologic response assessed by the Sataloff classification: pCR for complete responders (TA and NA or NB) and non-pCR for non-complete responders (not stage A for @entity2 and/or not NA or NB for lymph nodes). In addition to SUVmax measurements, a global breast Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV) was delineated using a semi-automatic segmentation method. Changes of SUVmax and MTV between @entity5 and PET2 (  SUV1-2;   MTV1-2) and @entity5 and PET3 (  SUV1-3;   MTV1-3) were measured. RESULTS: Mean SUVmax on @entity5 , PET2 and PET3 were not statistically different between the 2 pathologic response groups. Using ROC analysis, a 72% cutoff of   SUV1-3 provided the best performance to predict @entity3 with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 61%, 80%, and 65%, respectively. On univariate analysis, the 72% cutoff of   SUV1-3 was the best predictor of Distant Metastasis-Free Survival (P = 0.05). On multivariate analysis, the 72% cutoff   SUV1-3 was an independent predictor of DMFS (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results emphasize the good predictive value of   SUVmax between baseline and before surgery to assess pathologic response and survival in @entity0 @entity1 undergoing NACT.

title: @entity4 PET/CT to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the predictive value of @entity4 PET/CT imaging for pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and outcome in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-three consecutive @entity1 (51 years  12.7) with newly diagnosed @entity0 , assessed by PET/CT scan at baseline ( @entity5 ), after the third course of NACT (PET2) and before surgery (PET3), were included. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to the pathologic response assessed by the Sataloff classification: pCR for complete responders (TA and NA or NB) and non-pCR for non-complete responders (not stage A for @entity2 and/or not NA or NB for lymph nodes). In addition to SUVmax measurements, a global breast Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV) was delineated using a semi-automatic segmentation method. Changes of SUVmax and MTV between @entity5 and PET2 (  SUV1-2;   MTV1-2) and @entity5 and PET3 (  SUV1-3;   MTV1-3) were measured. RESULTS: Mean SUVmax on @entity5 , PET2 and PET3 were not statistically different between the 2 pathologic response groups. Using ROC analysis, a 72% cutoff of   SUV1-3 provided the best performance to predict @entity3 with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 61%, 80%, and 65%, respectively. On univariate analysis, the 72% cutoff of   SUV1-3 was the best predictor of Distant Metastasis-Free Survival (P = 0.05). On multivariate analysis, the 72% cutoff   SUV1-3 was an independent predictor of DMFS (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results emphasize the good predictive value of   SUVmax between baseline and before surgery to assess pathologic response and survival in @entity0 @entity1 undergoing NACT.

title: XXXX PET/CT to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A @entity0 spends about one-third of her life in her postmenopausal years. Some @entity0 supplement this period of decreased @entity4 production with @entity4 replacement therapy (ERT). Many epidemiologic studies have examined the long-term effect of postmenopausal @entity4 deprivation and of ERT. Since the 1970s, we have evaluated the risks and benefits of ERT in one population of older @entity0 in the California retirement community of Leisure World. ERT is the most effective method for preventing @entity11 and @entity6 in postmenopausal @entity0 . In Leisure World, ERT reduced the risk of @entity5 by about 50%. The effect is greatest in longterm users, but may be lost after discontinuation. @entity3 affects the bones of the jaws as well as other skeletal bones. @entity11 in the jaws may result in @entity14 . In Leisure World, @entity4 users have retained more natural teeth than nonusers. @entity2 is the leading cause of hospitalization and @entity8 in @entity0 . In Leisure World, ERT reduced the risk of fatal and nonfatal @entity10 , @entity12 , other @entity9 , and @entity1 by 20-40%. The reduction is greatest in long-term and/or current users. ERT is effective in @entity0 with and without @entity2 risk factors. One of the most feared aspects of aging is @entity7 . In Leisure World, @entity0 who had used ERT had a reduced risk of @entity7 . Risk decreased with increasing duration of use. @entity4 use, however, is not without risk. Unopposed @entity4 increases risk of @entity13 . Risk increases with increasing years of use and remains high after discontinuation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The risks and benefits of XXXX replacement therapy: Leisure World.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the influence of reconstruction algorithms for positron emission tomography (PET) based volume quantification. The specifically detected activity in the threshold defined volume was investigated for different reconstruction algorithms as a function of volume size and signal to background ratio (SBR), especially for volumes smaller than 1ml. Special attention was given to the @entity1 specific iterative reconstruction algorithm TrueX. METHODS: Measurements were performed with a modified in-house produced IEC body phantom on a @entity1 Biograph 64 True Point PET/CT scanner ( @entity1 , Medical Systems) for six different SBRs (2.1, 3.8, 4.9, 6.7, 8.9, 9.4 and without active background (BG)). The phantom consisted of a water-filled cavity with built-in plastic spheres (0.27, 0.52, 1.15, 2.57, 5.58 and 11.49ml). The following reconstruction algorithms available on the @entity1 Syngo workstation were evaluated: Iterative OSEM (OSEM) (4 iterations, 21 subsets), iterative TrueX (TrueX) (4 iterations, 21 subsets) and filtered backprojection (FBP). For the threshold based @entity0 the software @entity2 (ABX, Dresden) was used. RESULTS: For spheres larger than 2.5ml a constant threshold (standard deviation (SD) 10%) level was found for a given SBR and reconstruction algorithm and therefore a mean threshold for the largest three spheres was calculated. This threshold could be approximated by a function inversely proportional to the SBR. The threshold decreased with increasing SBR for all sphere sizes. For the OSEM algorithm the threshold for small spheres with 0.27, 0.52 and 1.15ml varied between 17% and 44% (depending on sphere size). The threshold for the TrueX algorithm was substantially lower (up to 17%) than for the OSEM algorithm for all sphere sizes. The maximum activity in a specific volume yielded the true activity for the OSEM algorithm when using a SBR independent correction factor C, which depended on sphere size. For the largest three volumes a constant factor C=1.10  0.03 was found. For smaller volumes, C increased exponentially due to the partial volume effect. For the TrueX algorithm the maximum activity overestimated the true activity. CONCLUSION: The threshold values for PET based target @entity0 increased with increasing sphere size for all tested algorithms. True activity values of spheres in the phantom could be extracted using experimentally determined correction factors C. The TrueX algorithm has to be used carefully for quantitative comparison (e.g. follow-up) and multicenter studies.

title: PET based XXXX with emphasis on the iterative TrueX algorithm.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 results in elevated but fluctuating serum alkaline phosphatase levels that occasionally return to normal. AIMS: To investigate the frequency of normalization of alkaline phosphatase in newly diagnosed @entity3 @entity0 and the subsequent clinical outcomes. METHODS: Records of newly diagnosed @entity3 @entity0 were examined retrospectively for laboratory values and clinical end points ( @entity1 , @entity2 ) within 10 years of diagnosis. Data from a recent prospective @entity4 treatment trial were also studied. RESULTS: Eighty-seven @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. Normalization of alkaline phosphatase was seen in 35 (40%) @entity0 . Five (14%) @entity0 with normalization reached an end point whereas 17 (33%) of the @entity0 with persistent elevation reached an end point (P = 0.02). @entity4 was used similarly by both groups. When the investigative criteria were applied to a prospective trial, there was again a significant relationship between normalization of alkaline phosphatase and survival in @entity0 receiving @entity4 (P < 0.01) and the placebo group (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Serum alkaline phosphatase was found to normalize in a high proportion of newly diagnosed @entity3 @entity0 . This was significantly associated with a better prognosis in a retrospective cohort and when data from a prospective treatment trial was evaluated.

title: Alkaline phosphatase normalization is associated with better prognosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: Mechanical left ventricular (LV) unloading may reduce @entity4 size when combined with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The Impella LP2.5 is a novel percutaneous left ventricular assist device. Although the short-term safety and feasibility of this device have been demonstrated, the long-term effects are unknown. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the long-term effects of the Impella LP2.5 support on the aortic valve and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: In 2006, 10 @entity0 with anterior @entity1 received 3-day support with the Impella LP2.5 after PCI. The control group consisted of 10 comparable @entity0 , treated according to routine care. For the current study, echocardiography was performed and adverse events were recorded. Mean duration of follow-up was 2.9  0.6 years in the Impella group and 3.0  0.3 years in the control group. No differences in @entity2 and @entity3 were demonstrated between the groups; nevertheless, @entity3 increase from baseline was significantly greater in Impella-treated @entity0 (23.6  8.9% versus 6.7  7.0%, P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Three-day support with the Impella LP2.5 is not associated with adverse effects on the aortic valve at long-term follow-up. @entity3 was similar in both groups; however, recovery was significantly greater in the Impella group.

title: Long-term safety and sustained left ventricular recovery: long-term results of percutaneous left ventricular support with Impella LP2.5 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cleaved @entity5 (HKa), an activation product of the plasma @entity4 -kinin system, inhibits endothelial cell functions. We questioned whether HKa affects the function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and accelerates their senescence. METHODS AND RESULTS: Treatment with HKa for 2 weeks markedly inhibited the formation of large colonies and proliferation of EPCs on collagen surfaces, whereas HKa did not affect collagen-mediated EPC adhesion and survival. Concomitantly, treated EPCs displayed flattened and giant cell morphological changes and formation of intracellular vacuoles. As determined by acidic b-galactosidase staining, HKa increased senescent EPCs by 2- and >3-fold after culture for 1 and 2 weeks, respectively. In addition, HKa suppressed the telomerase activity of EPCs. HKa concentration-dependently increased the generation of intracellular reactive @entity0 species (ROS) and markedly upregulated @entity2 kinase phosphorylation and prosenescence molecule @entity1 ( @entity1 ) expression. @entity3 , a @entity2 inhibitor, attenuated the level of HKa-enhanced @entity1 ( @entity1 ) expression. Either quenching of ROS or inhibition of @entity2 kinase prevented HKa-induced EPC senescence. CONCLUSIONS: HKa accelerates the onset of EPC senescence by activating the ROS- @entity2 kinase- @entity1 ( @entity1 ) signaling cascade. This novel activity of HKa points out the likelihood of HKa serving as an endogenous inducer of EPC senescence.

title: Cleaved XXXX accelerates the onset of endothelial progenitor cell senescence by induction of reactive @entity0 species.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cleaved @entity5 (HKa), an activation product of the plasma @entity4 -kinin system, inhibits endothelial cell functions. We questioned whether HKa affects the function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and accelerates their senescence. METHODS AND RESULTS: Treatment with HKa for 2 weeks markedly inhibited the formation of large colonies and proliferation of EPCs on collagen surfaces, whereas HKa did not affect collagen-mediated EPC adhesion and survival. Concomitantly, treated EPCs displayed flattened and giant cell morphological changes and formation of intracellular vacuoles. As determined by acidic b-galactosidase staining, HKa increased senescent EPCs by 2- and >3-fold after culture for 1 and 2 weeks, respectively. In addition, HKa suppressed the telomerase activity of EPCs. HKa concentration-dependently increased the generation of intracellular reactive @entity0 species (ROS) and markedly upregulated @entity2 kinase phosphorylation and prosenescence molecule @entity1 ( @entity1 ) expression. @entity3 , a @entity2 inhibitor, attenuated the level of HKa-enhanced @entity1 ( @entity1 ) expression. Either quenching of ROS or inhibition of @entity2 kinase prevented HKa-induced EPC senescence. CONCLUSIONS: HKa accelerates the onset of EPC senescence by activating the ROS- @entity2 kinase- @entity1 ( @entity1 ) signaling cascade. This novel activity of HKa points out the likelihood of HKa serving as an endogenous inducer of EPC senescence.

title: Cleaved @entity5 accelerates the onset of endothelial progenitor cell senescence by induction of reactive XXXX species.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Definitive diagnosis of a @entity1 usually requires recovery of an etiologic agent from body fluids or tissues such as spinal fluid, blood and urine. Routine lumbar puncture (LP) may raise some problems in interpreting results. POPULATION AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 1331 samples of CSF was made. LP had been performed on 1041 neonates including 569 prematures (54.6%) as a part of the evaluation for suspected @entity5 . RESULTS: In 50.7% of the cases, the CSF was @entity2 . The frequency of traumatic taps increased with the degree of @entity7 , low birth weight, precocity of LP, association with @entity3 and @entity6 factors. In addition, haemorragic taps modified biochemical and cytologic characteristics of CSF. One hundred and six (8%) CSF samples contained organisms but the diagnosis of @entity4 was certain in only 23 cases (2.2%). In the other 83 cases, CSF was thought to be contaminated, mostly by coagulase-negative staphylococci. Since both blood and CSF cultures were positive for the same bacterial organism in 18 cases, it was concluded that the LP had been useful in identifying the pathogens in only five cases. The high frequency of contaminated CSF led to overestimation of the incidence of true @entity8 (0.57% in our study). CONCLUSIONS: The low incidence of @entity4 in neonates, the risk of having an haemorragic tap associated with the possibility of clinical aggravation during LP and the fact that the same pathogen is frequently (78.2% of cases) identified in blood cultures suggest that the immediate and routine LP is of less value than expected in @entity0 suspected to be infected. LP could be postponed when the neonate presents with a @entity3 and/or a precarious haemodynamic state.

title: [Retrospective analysis of 1331 samples of cerebrospinal fluid in newborn XXXX with suspected infection].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: One in four @entity0 with primary iliofemoral @entity3 ( @entity3 ) develops @entity2 ( @entity2 ) within 1 year despite optimal standard anticoagulant therapy. Removal of @entity2 by thrombolytic drugs may prevent @entity2 . The aim of this study was to assess the short-term safety and efficacy of ultrasound-accelerated catheter-directed thrombolysis (US-accelerated @entity5 ). DESIGN: This was a prospective non-randomised interventional study with US-accelerated @entity5 for @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Twelve @entity0 with @entity3 (seven caval-iliofemoropopliteal, three iliofemoropopliteal, one femoropopliteal and one superior @entity2 ) receiving standard anticoagulant and compression therapy, were treated with additional US-accelerated @entity5 (13 procedures) using the EKOS Endowave(  ) system (EKOS Corporation, Bothell, WA, USA) between October 2008 and January 2010. RESULTS: Thrombolysis was successful in 85% (11/13), with complete clot lysis (>90% restored patency) and in one case with partial clot lysis (50-90% restored patency). No @entity4 and one bleeding at the catheter-insertion site were observed. In three @entity0 , underlying lesions were successfully treated with balloon angioplasty and stent insertion. Four @entity0 developed early recurrent @entity2 due to untreated residual @entity1 . CONCLUSION: US-accelerated @entity5 is a safe and promising treatment in @entity0 with @entity3 . Residual @entity1 should be treated by angioplasty and stent insertion to avoid early re- @entity2 .

title: Safety and feasibility of ultrasound-accelerated catheter-directed thrombolysis in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: It is well documented that acute stress activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the @entity6 . Results regarding the hypothalamus @entity4 , in contrast, are less consistent. Stress-associated increases as well as decreases have been reported for @entity3 and @entity1 . In the present study, healthy young male (n=39) and female @entity0 (n=44, all tested in the luteal phase) were randomly assigned to a well-evaluated psychosocial stress protocol (" @entity9 ", @entity9 ) or to a non-stressful control condition ("Placebo- @entity9 "). Salivary concentrations of @entity5 , alpha-amylase, @entity3 , @entity7 , and @entity1 were measured immediately before and twice (10 and 25 min) after the treatment. As was to be expected, @entity5 - and @entity8 -concentrations increased in response to the stressor. Stressed @entity0 showed a more pronounced increase of @entity5 than stressed @entity0 . In contrast, acute stress did not affect @entity3 -, @entity7 -, and @entity1 -concentrations. The results of the present study suggest that an acute psychosocial laboratory stress or has no strong rapid effects on salivary gonadal @entity2 . In line with several previous studies the findings might suggest that stress-induced changes in gonadal steroids occur in response to physical stressors, to competitive stressors or to more severe stressors only.

title: Are salivary gonadal steroid concentrations influenced by acute psychosocial stress? A study using the @entity9 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity9


abstract: It is well documented that acute stress activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the @entity6 . Results regarding the hypothalamus @entity4 , in contrast, are less consistent. Stress-associated increases as well as decreases have been reported for @entity3 and @entity1 . In the present study, healthy young male (n=39) and female @entity0 (n=44, all tested in the luteal phase) were randomly assigned to a well-evaluated psychosocial stress protocol (" @entity9 ", @entity9 ) or to a non-stressful control condition ("Placebo- @entity9 "). Salivary concentrations of @entity5 , alpha-amylase, @entity3 , @entity7 , and @entity1 were measured immediately before and twice (10 and 25 min) after the treatment. As was to be expected, @entity5 - and @entity8 -concentrations increased in response to the stressor. Stressed @entity0 showed a more pronounced increase of @entity5 than stressed @entity0 . In contrast, acute stress did not affect @entity3 -, @entity7 -, and @entity1 -concentrations. The results of the present study suggest that an acute psychosocial laboratory stress or has no strong rapid effects on salivary gonadal @entity2 . In line with several previous studies the findings might suggest that stress-induced changes in gonadal steroids occur in response to physical stressors, to competitive stressors or to more severe stressors only.

title: Are salivary gonadal steroid concentrations influenced by acute psychosocial stress? A study using the XXXX ( @entity9 ).

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) definitions predict cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) as well as subjects without @entity1 . It has been shown that @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and non-high-density lipoprotein @entity3 are associated with @entity5 in @entity1 . However, the relative value of @entity4 , @entity7 lipoproteins, and estimates of @entity8 resistance is unknown in predicting @entity6 in @entity1 . Cross-sectional analyses of white subjects in 2 community-based studies were performed (n = 611 @entity0 with @entity1 , n = 803 subjects without @entity1 ) using multivariate analysis of traditional risk factors and then adding @entity4 , @entity7 , and homeostasis model assessment of @entity8 resistance (HOMA-IR). Incremental value was tested using likelihood ratio testing. Beyond traditional risk, HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.86, p = 0.002), @entity7 (tobit regression ratio 1.55, p = 0.001), and @entity4 (tobit regression ratio 2.37, p = 0.007) were independently associated with @entity5 in @entity1 . In nested models, HOMA-IR added value to @entity7 (tobit regression ratio 1.72, p = 0.008), @entity4 (tobit regression ratio 1.72, p = 0.011), and @entity7 and @entity4 (tobit regression ratio 1.64, p = 0.021). @entity7 showed a similar pattern when added to HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.51, p = 0.004), @entity4 (tobit regression ratio 1.46, p = 0.005), and HOMA-IR and @entity4 (tobit regression ratio 1.48, p = 0.006). @entity4 added to @entity7 (tobit regression ratio 1.99, p = 0.032) but not HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.54, p = 0.221) or @entity7 and HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.32, p = 0.434). In conclusion, @entity8 resistance estimates add value to @entity4 and @entity7 in predicting @entity5 scores in @entity1 and warrant further evaluation in clinic for identification of @entity0 with @entity1 at higher risk for @entity2 .

title: Usefulness of @entity8 resistance estimation and the XXXX in predicting @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) definitions predict cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) as well as subjects without @entity1 . It has been shown that @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and non-high-density lipoprotein @entity3 are associated with @entity5 in @entity1 . However, the relative value of @entity4 , @entity7 lipoproteins, and estimates of @entity8 resistance is unknown in predicting @entity6 in @entity1 . Cross-sectional analyses of white subjects in 2 community-based studies were performed (n = 611 @entity0 with @entity1 , n = 803 subjects without @entity1 ) using multivariate analysis of traditional risk factors and then adding @entity4 , @entity7 , and homeostasis model assessment of @entity8 resistance (HOMA-IR). Incremental value was tested using likelihood ratio testing. Beyond traditional risk, HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.86, p = 0.002), @entity7 (tobit regression ratio 1.55, p = 0.001), and @entity4 (tobit regression ratio 2.37, p = 0.007) were independently associated with @entity5 in @entity1 . In nested models, HOMA-IR added value to @entity7 (tobit regression ratio 1.72, p = 0.008), @entity4 (tobit regression ratio 1.72, p = 0.011), and @entity7 and @entity4 (tobit regression ratio 1.64, p = 0.021). @entity7 showed a similar pattern when added to HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.51, p = 0.004), @entity4 (tobit regression ratio 1.46, p = 0.005), and HOMA-IR and @entity4 (tobit regression ratio 1.48, p = 0.006). @entity4 added to @entity7 (tobit regression ratio 1.99, p = 0.032) but not HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.54, p = 0.221) or @entity7 and HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.32, p = 0.434). In conclusion, @entity8 resistance estimates add value to @entity4 and @entity7 in predicting @entity5 scores in @entity1 and warrant further evaluation in clinic for identification of @entity0 with @entity1 at higher risk for @entity2 .

title: Usefulness of @entity8 resistance estimation and the @entity4 in predicting XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) definitions predict cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) as well as subjects without @entity1 . It has been shown that @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and non-high-density lipoprotein @entity3 are associated with @entity5 in @entity1 . However, the relative value of @entity4 , @entity7 lipoproteins, and estimates of @entity8 resistance is unknown in predicting @entity6 in @entity1 . Cross-sectional analyses of white subjects in 2 community-based studies were performed (n = 611 @entity0 with @entity1 , n = 803 subjects without @entity1 ) using multivariate analysis of traditional risk factors and then adding @entity4 , @entity7 , and homeostasis model assessment of @entity8 resistance (HOMA-IR). Incremental value was tested using likelihood ratio testing. Beyond traditional risk, HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.86, p = 0.002), @entity7 (tobit regression ratio 1.55, p = 0.001), and @entity4 (tobit regression ratio 2.37, p = 0.007) were independently associated with @entity5 in @entity1 . In nested models, HOMA-IR added value to @entity7 (tobit regression ratio 1.72, p = 0.008), @entity4 (tobit regression ratio 1.72, p = 0.011), and @entity7 and @entity4 (tobit regression ratio 1.64, p = 0.021). @entity7 showed a similar pattern when added to HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.51, p = 0.004), @entity4 (tobit regression ratio 1.46, p = 0.005), and HOMA-IR and @entity4 (tobit regression ratio 1.48, p = 0.006). @entity4 added to @entity7 (tobit regression ratio 1.99, p = 0.032) but not HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.54, p = 0.221) or @entity7 and HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.32, p = 0.434). In conclusion, @entity8 resistance estimates add value to @entity4 and @entity7 in predicting @entity5 scores in @entity1 and warrant further evaluation in clinic for identification of @entity0 with @entity1 at higher risk for @entity2 .

title: Usefulness of XXXX resistance estimation and the @entity4 in predicting @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: During heat stress, increases in blood flow in nonglabrous skin in @entity0 are mediated through active vasodilation by an unknown neurotransmitter mechanism. To investigate this mechanism, a three-part study was performed to determine the following: (1) Is muscarinic receptor activation necessary for active cutaneous vasodilation? We iontophoretically applied @entity4 to a small area of forearm skin. At that site and an untreated control site, we measured the vasomotor (laser-Doppler blood flow [LDF]) and sudomotor (relative humidity) responses to whole-body heat stress. Blood pressure was monitored. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was calculated (LDF divided by mean arterial pressure). Sweating was blocked at treated sites only. @entity1 rose at both sites (P < .05 at each site); thus, cutaneous active vasodilation is not effected through muscarinic receptors. (2) Are nonmuscarinic cholinergic receptors present on cutaneous arterioles? @entity2 ( @entity3 ) was iontophoretically applied to forearm skin at sites pretreated by @entity4 iontophoresis and at untreated sites. @entity3 increased @entity1 at untreated sites (P < .05) but not at atropinized sites. Thus, the only functional cholinergic receptors on cutaneous vessels are muscarinic. (3) Does cutaneous active vasodilation involve cholinergic nerve cotransmission? Botulinum toxin was injected intradermally in the forearm to block release of @entity3 and any coreleased neurotransmitters. Heat stress was performed as in part 1 of the study. At treated sites, @entity1 and relative humidity remained at baseline levels during heat stress (P > .05). Active vasodilator and sudomotor responses to heat stress were abolished by botulinum toxin. We conclude that cholinergic nerve activation mediates cutaneous active vasodilation through release of an unknown cotransmitter, not through @entity3 .

title: Cutaneous active vasodilation in XXXX is mediated by cholinergic nerve cotransmission.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the origin of fundus autofluorescence (AF) patterns in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 30 consecutive eyes of 30 @entity0 with primary @entity1 using AF and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). We measured the AF using the Heidelberg Retina Angiograph with a 488-nm excitation light and a 500-nm cutoff barrier filter and compared the AF patterns with ophthalmoscopy and SD-OCT. RESULTS: We observed a patchy increased AF in the macular area in 22 eyes (73%), in which the length of the photoreceptor outer segment at the central fovea tended to be longer than the other eyes (P=.06). The punctate increased AF corresponded to the ophthalmoscopic precipitates in 17 eyes with precipitates. AF significantly (P=.017) decreased in eyes with a @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Eight eyes (27%) had increased AF in the inferior @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The patchy increased AF appears to originate from elongated photoreceptor outer segments in the @entity3 . The autofluorescent fluorophores from the photoreceptor outer segments may be concentrated in precipitates or have settled into the inferior @entity2 .

title: Fundus autofluorescence of elongated photoreceptor outer segments in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: We reviewed 212 consecutive @entity0 who underwent stage I palliative surgery for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) at our institution between January 1983 and June 1993. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six surgeons participated in the care of these @entity0 . Follow-up is 97% complete. Preoperative anatomic and physiological factors and procedural features of the stage I operation were analyzed for impact on stage I mortality, survival to stage II palliation, and actuarial survival. Hospital mortality was not significantly lower during the second half of the study period (P = .242). Operative mortality was 46.2%. Multivariate analysis revealed improved stage I operative survival in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ; P = .006). Additional risk factors for stage I mortality were a lower immediately pre-stage I pH (P = .034) and weight < 3 kg (P = .015). Overall first-year actuarial survival for @entity5 / @entity2 was 59%, and it was 33% for all others (P = .001). Among stage I survivors, @entity0 with @entity5 / @entity2 were more likely to survive to stage II palliation (P = .031). Analysis of actuarial survival of stage I survivors showed that a smaller ascending aorta (P < .001), aortic @entity3 (P < .001), and mitral @entity3 (P = .002) were all risk factors for intermediate @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative anatomic and physiological state are predictors of stage I mortality. @entity4 anatomic subtype also influences intermediate outcome, most notably pre-stage II attrition. These data may be useful in choosing initial management for @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Ten-year institutional experience with palliative surgery for XXXX . Risk factors related to stage I mortality.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical and histopathologic features distinguishing an extensive complex @entity8 of the epibulbar surface and to address the management of such lesions. METHODS: Clinical history, diagnostic imaging studies, and histopathologic sections stained with @entity3 and @entity4 were reviewed from a 2-year-old @entity0 with a @entity6 of the right eye that was surgically excised. RESULTS: The @entity0 clinically displayed an extensive, vascularized amelanotic @entity6 located superotemporally with extension onto the @entity2 . Her visual acuity was reduced to 20/670. The clinical diagnosis was a large lacrimal gland @entity8 with @entity5 and resulting deprivation @entity7 . The @entity0 underwent an excision of the lesion including the corneal portion, and the ocular surface was reconstructed with amniotic membrane. Histopathologic evaluation disclosed lobules of lacrimal tissue and cartilage plaques, smooth muscle, and nerves consistent with a complex @entity8 . Six weeks postoperatively, the visual acuity had improved to 20/180. The @entity0 returned to her local ophthalmologist for @entity7 management. CONCLUSIONS: We emphasize the importance of recognizing lesion-induced @entity7 and the timely performance of appropriate surgery for complex epibulbar @entity8 . A differential diagnosis of other @entity1 is provided.

title: XXXX : Diagnostic Clues and Management.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is well accepted that @entity0 with severe @entity1 ( @entity1 ) benefit from mitral valve repair; however, the management of those with less than severe leakage is controversial. Watchful waiting is often advocated and considered safe, but the risk of developing left ventricular (LV) dysfunction under medical management is unknown. METHODS: Using a population-based County-wide study database, we analyzed echocardiograms during clinical follow-up and medical management of 204 @entity0 with @entity3 and less-than-severe @entity1 . @entity2 was defined per American Heart Association guidelines as an ejection fraction (EF) <60% or LV end-systolic dimension > 40 mm. RESULTS: At index examination, mean age was 57 years and 121 (59%) were @entity0 . The mean EF was 62%, and 62 (30%) had evidence of @entity2 . @entity1 severity was mild in 121 (59%), mild-moderate in 23 (11%), moderate in 36 (18%) and moderate-severe in 24 (12%). During follow-up (mean 8.6 years), 79 @entity0 (39%) demonstrated progression of @entity1 by at least one grade. Greater degrees of regurgitation at index echocardiogram were associated with greater progression during follow-up (P=0.0001). After adjusting for age, sex, body surface area (BSA), and baseline regurgitation grade, multivariable modeling revealed that larger LV end-diastolic dimension (odds ratio (OR)=1.14; P=0.0018) and greater diastolic septal thickness (OR=1.40; P=0.0211) predicted greater progression of @entity1 with time. From initial diagnosis to follow-up echocardiography, EF declined, while left-heart dimensions and pulmonary arterial pressure increased. Of the 142 @entity0 with normal baseline LV function, 52% developed either worsening @entity1 or de novo @entity2 . Importantly, even in the 87 @entity0 with stable regurgitation, 18 (21%) developed new @entity2 during follow-up. Fifty-two @entity0 (25%) eventually underwent mitral valve repair. Following surgery, there were significant decreases in EF, LV end-diastolic dimensions and LV mass; while 11 developed de novo @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Over half of @entity0 with chronic persistent, but sub-severe @entity1 due to @entity3 develop @entity2 or worsening regurgitation despite optimal medical management. LV deterioration can occur even in the absence of @entity1 progression. These data advocate for the development of detailed guidelines supporting frequent echocardiographic monitoring and the identification of earlier triggers for surgical consideration prior to the development of @entity2 in this @entity0 population.

title: Management of less-than-severe XXXX : should guidelines recommend earlier surgical intervention?

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Light plays a key role in synchronizing rhythms and setting the phase of early development. However, to date, little is known about the impact of light wavelengths during the ontogeny of the molecular clock and the behavioural rhythmicity. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of light of different wavelengths (white, blue and red) on the onset of locomotor activity and clock gene ( @entity3 , @entity4 , clock1, @entity2 and @entity5 ) expression rhythms. For this purpose, 4 groups of @entity1 embryo/larvae were raised from 0 to 7 days post-fertilization (dpf) under the following lighting conditions: three groups maintained under light:dark (LD) cycles with white (full visible spectrum, LDW), blue (LDB), or red light (LDR), and one group raised under constant darkness ( @entity0 ). The results showed that lighting conditions influenced activity rhythms. Larvae were arrhythmic under @entity0 , while under LD cycles they developed wavelength-dependent daily activity rhythms which appeared earlier under LDB (4 dpf) than under LDW or LDR (5 dpf). The results also revealed that development and lighting conditions influenced clock gene expression. While clock1 rhythmic expression appeared in all lighting conditions at 7 dpf, @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity5 showed daily variations already at 3 dpf. Curiously, @entity2 showed consistent rhythmic expression from embryonic stage (0 dpf). Summarizing, the data revealed that daily rhythms appeared earlier in the larvae reared under LDB than in those reared under LDW and LDR. These results emphasize the importance of lighting conditions and wavelengths during early development for the ontogeny of daily rhythms of gene expression and how these rhythms are reflected on the behavioural rhythmicity of @entity1 larvae.

title: The Light Wavelength Affects the Ontogeny of Clock Gene Expression and Activity Rhythms in XXXX Larvae.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Demonstration of autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies (aPA) to negatively charged phospholipids (PL) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) requires the presence of certain phospholipid-binding plasma proteins, eg, beta 2-glycoprotein I. We found a requirement for plasma against the electrically neutral or zwitterionic phospholipid, @entity3 (PE). Two of these PE-binding plasma proteins were identified as @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and low molecular weight kininogen (LMWK). We studied anti-PE antibody (aPE) seropositive plasma from 13 @entity0 with @entity1 and/or recurrent @entity2 by using partially purified kininogens and kininogen binding proteins from adult bovine serum isolated by @entity4 (CM)-papain affinity chromatography. Eleven of 13 sera recognized a kininogen-PE complex and/or a kininogen-binding protein-kininogen-PE complex. Some aPE-positive @entity0 sera were shown to recognize highly purified @entity5 and LMWK by ELISA only when the kininogens were presented on a PE substrate. These aPE sera did not recognize PE, @entity5 , or LMWK when they were presented independently as the sole antigens on the ELISA plates. Other aPE-positive sera that did not react with PE-bound @entity5 or LMWK reacted with the CM-papain column eluate when it was bound to PE, which suggests that these aPE recognize factor XI or prekallikrein, which normally bind to @entity5 . The aPE ELISA reactivity of two @entity0 sera were inhibited by preincubation of the CM-papain column eluate in the ELISA plate. These data show that most aPE are not specific for PE but require the presence of certain PL-binding plasma proteins that are kininogens or proteins in complex with kininogens. Our studies indicate that aPE bind to different plasma proteins than those implicated in anionic PL, aPA ELISA reactivity.

title: Autoantibodies to XXXX (PE) recognize a kininogen-PE complex.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of the study was to document during one to two years individual rhythmic patterns in blood @entity1 and injected @entity2 in self-controlled @entity2 dependent (C-peptide negative) diabetics with home blood @entity1 monitoring. Two females and four males with diurnal activity from 0700 to 2300 self-determined their blood @entity1 three to six times a day over a period of 12-27 months. Circadian and ultradian rhythms were analysed for each subject on a monthly basis to document annual rhythms. Blood @entity1 (BG) estimated circadian acrophases were located between 2200 and 0300 for all @entity0 and months with few exceptions. A correlation was found between circadian mesors and amplitudes of BG in four subjects. Annual changes in BG were validated for each subject with large interindividual differences in peak times. The individual mean of injected @entity2 (II) varied from 40 to 80 iU with annual changes validated for each subject. A group pattern was observed with a peak time either in the autumn (four @entity0 ) or in the summer (two @entity0 ). A circadian rhythm of II was detected in almost all monthly means and for all @entity0 . Locations of computed peak time phi of II exhibited a great stability for a given individual but large interindividual differences. Thus the rather constant phi location of BG for all subjects contrasted with interindividual differences in phi locations of II. These results suggest that rhythmic changes in BG and II should be recognized when forming a realistic strategy for timing and dosing time(s) of @entity2 .

title: Ultradian, circadian and circannual rhythms of blood XXXX and injected insulins documented in six self-controlled adult diabetics.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Between June 1977 and April 1983, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) sponsored a Phase III randomized study investigating fast neutron radiation therapy in the treatment of @entity0 with locally advanced (Stage C and D1) @entity2 . @entity0 were randomized to receive either conventional photon radiation therapy or fast neutron irradiation used in a mixed-beam treatment schedule (neutron/photon). A total of 91 analyzable @entity0 were entered in the study; 78 of them were treated without major protocol deviations. The two treatment groups were balanced in regard to all major prognostic variables. Actuarial curves for "overall" survival, "determinantal" survival and local/regional control are presented both for the entire group of 91 @entity0 and the 78 @entity0 treated within protocol guidelines. The overall @entity1 recurrence rate is 7% for the mixed-beam treated group of @entity0 and is 22% for the photon (X ray) treated group of @entity0 . The difference is statistically significant at the p = 0.05 level. For the entire group of 91 evaluable @entity0 , the 5-year "overall" survival rate is 62% for the mixed-beam-treated group and 35% for the photon-treated group. This difference is also statistically significant (p less than 0.05). However, this statistical significance is lost when the smaller number of @entity0 treated strictly within protocol guidelines is considered. The significance is regained (p less than 0.02) when one looks at "determinantal" survival, which uses active cancer at time of death as the failure endpoint. This study demonstrates that a regional treatment modality, in this case mixed-beam irradiation, can influence both @entity1 control and survival in @entity0 with locally-advanced @entity2 .

title: Fast neutron radiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX : results of an RTOG randomized study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of a noninvasive bi-level positive airway pressure (PAP) support system for @entity3 @entity0 with acute @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Retrospective case series analysis of @entity3 @entity0 presenting with acute @entity1 in imminent need of endotracheal intubation (ETI) managed with a bi-level PAP system. The bi-level PAP system was applied at the discretion of the treating emergency physician. Management of the bi-level PAP system, including setting of inspiratory PAP (IPAP) and expiratory PAP (EPAP), weaning, adjunct pharmacologic therapy, and failure of bi-level PAP support, was determined by the treating physician. RESULTS: Only two (9%) of 22 @entity0 presentations necessitated ETI. The mean duration of bi-level PAP therapy was 7.9 hours. The mean maximum IPAP and EPAP settings were 10.8 and 5.8 cm @entity2 , respectively. Mean intensive care unit length of stay (LOS) was 2.4 days, with a median LOS of only 1 day. There were three deaths in the series; none were attributed to the bi-level PAP system. No technical difficulty with the bi-level PAP system was noted. CONCLUSION: Noninvasive pressure support ventilation with a bi-level PAP support system may avert ETI in acute @entity1 @entity0 . This device can be effectively used by @entity3 personnel.

title: Bi-level positive airway pressure support system use in acute XXXX : preliminary case series.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of @entity12 , @entity14 ( @entity14 ), or fat @entity6 (FES) with pressurized intraosseous (IO) blood transfusion following @entity3 . METHODS: A controlled, repeated-measures, randomized animal study with blinded pathologic evaluations was conducted. Sixteen @entity13 -anesthetized, instrumented immature @entity8 underwent a 20-mL/kg @entity3 into @entity11 - @entity7 - @entity2 bags, then received autologous blood transfusion via a 16-ga i.v. catheter (eight), or via a 15-ga IO needle in the proximal tibia (eight) under maximal manual pressure using a 30-mL syringe. At baseline and at one hour and 48 hours posttransfusion, blood samples were assayed for @entity16 (Hb), schistocytes, free Hb in plasma, @entity4 , @entity5 dehydrogenase, platelets, fibrinogen, and @entity1 gradient. Lung sections were examined for @entity0 after @entity9 / @entity10 stain, and for @entity15 after oil red-O-stain. Kidney sections were examined for @entity0 using @entity9 / @entity10 stain. RESULTS: Though the IO transfusion rate of 21 +/- 6 mL/min was slower than the i.v. rate of 35 +/- 5 mL/min (p = 0.0012), all the animals returned to baseline blood pressure within 15 minutes and survived. The presence of schistocytes and mildly elevated free Hb in plasma was noted in both groups at baseline and each time period, and was presumed to be due to sampling from the arterial catheter. All other laboratory values remained within normal limits and without intergroup differences at any time period. No fat @entity6 was noted, and all lung and kidney specimens were free of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: In this model, pressurized IO blood transfusion appears to be hematologically safe, i.e., without risk of appreciable @entity12 , @entity14 , or FES.

title: Hematologic safety of intraosseous blood transfusion in a @entity8 model of pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity3