abstract: Nigrostriatal @entity4 (DA) neurons of the @entity0 midbrain play an important role in behavioral reactions. Their destruction in @entity2 @entity0 and experimentally lesioned animals leads to a reduction and slowing of movements as well as other motor, cognitive, and @entity1 . We tested the responses of DA neurons to somatosensory stimulation to gain insight into the nature of peripheral information reaching these neurons. Experiments were performed as repeated sessions in two anesthetized monkeys having chronically implanted recording chambers, thereby reducing the number of primates required for experimentation. Midbrain DA neurons were characterized by their histological location, by the form, duration, and frequency of extracellularly recorded, spontaneously occurring impulses, by antidromic activation from caudate and putamen, and by the reduction of impulse rate following systemic administration of low doses of the DA autoreceptor agonist @entity6 . Half of the midbrain DA neurons (65 of 145 neurons, 45%) were antidromically activated from chronically implanted stimulating electrodes in caudate (35 neurons), putamen (47 neurons), or both structures (17 of them). Conduction velocities ranged from 0.7 to 2.5 m/s, with medians of 1.2 and 1.5 m/s for neurons projecting to caudate and putamen, respectively. Half of the midbrain DA neurons were @entity3 (72 of 140 neurons, 51%) and less than a quarter activated (24 of 140 neurons, 17%) by intense noxious pinch stimulation to the body surface. Innocuous, even intense, surface or deep somatosensory stimuli were ineffective. Pinch responses continued during the whole stimulating period of several seconds in most DA neurons. There was no response habituation during repeated stimulation. Convergence between spinal and trigeminal input and from both body sides was seen for virtually all noxious pinch responses. Thus DA neurons typically responded in the same direction to pinch stimulation of hand, foot, face, tail, and dorsum of both sides. Systemic administration of the DA receptor antagonist @entity5 (0.33 or 0.50 mg/kg) strongly reduced pinch responses in all seven DA neurons tested. This provides evidence for an involvement of DAergic neurotransmission in the representation of exteroceptive input in the brain. The results show that midbrain DA neurons projecting to the striatum respond to noxious somatosensory input in the anesthetized monkey. The bilateral nontopographic nature of the responses does not support a role in precise stimulus recognition, rather it suggests a mechanism involved in basic neuronal processes underlying behavioral responsiveness.

title: Responses of nigrostriatal XXXX neurons to high-intensity somatosensory stimulation in the anesthetized monkey.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 self-management (PSM) in adults is safer and more cost effective than conventional management. @entity2 is a narrow therapeutic index drug with individual @entity0 response to changes and frequently a long-term therapy. @entity0 and their families are proposed to be able to effectively manage their @entity0 's @entity2 therapy. Increased health related quality of life is highly associated with effective therapy in @entity0 with chronic conditions. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PSM over time including HRQOL and variables that may influence PFU success at PSM. @entity0 /METHODS: @entity0 and their family units (PFUs) current performing @entity0 self-testing/monitoring for >= 3months were enrolled in this cohort study. PFUs participated in comprehensive education on @entity2 testing and management followed by an apprenticeship. Socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected to evaluate safety and efficacy and health related quality of life. Outcomes were compared between the first 6months on PSM (phase 1) and the last 6months data collected on PSM (phase 2). RESULTS: Forty-two @entity0 performed PSM for a median of 2.7years (range: 1.1-6.2years). Time in therapeutic range was 90% and 92.9% (p=0.30) in phases 1 and 2 respectively. All measures were strongly associated with improved heath related quality of life. PFUs socio-demographic status did not influence success at PSM. All PFUs maintained @entity2 knowledge and INR testing competency. @entity2 dosing decision errors median 0 (range: 0-5, p=0.73) and a median 0 (range 0-4, p=0.55) per @entity0 in phases 1 and 2 respectively. There were no adverse hemorrhagic or @entity1 events. CONCLUSIONS: Empowering PFUs to self-manage @entity2 results in increased knowledge and understanding of their health condition, improved commitment to their health care and adherence to medication regimens and is demonstrated to be sustainable over time.

title: EMPoWARed: Edmonton pediatric XXXX self-management study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The place of opioids in the management of chronic, non- @entity1 @entity2 is limited. Even so their use is escalating, leading to concerns that @entity0 are prescribed strong opioids inappropriately and alternatives to medication are under-used. We aimed to understand the processes which bring about and perpetuate long-term prescribing of opioids for chronic, non- @entity1 @entity2 . METHODS: We held semi-structured interviews with @entity0 and focus groups with general practitioners (GPs). @entity0 included 23 @entity0 currently prescribed long-term opioids and 15 GPs from Leeds and Bradford, United Kingdom (UK). We used a grounded approach to the analysis of transcripts. RESULTS: @entity0 are driven by the needs for @entity2 relief, explanation, and improvement or maintenance of quality of life. GPs' responses are shaped by how UK general practice is organised, available therapeutic choices and their expertise in managing @entity3 , especially when facing diagnostic uncertainty or when their own approach is at odds with the @entity0 's wishes. Four features of the resulting transaction between @entity0 and doctors influence prescribing: lack of clarity of strategy, including the risk of any plans being subverted by urgent demands; lack of certainty about locus of control in decision-making, especially in relation to prescribing; continuity in the doctor- @entity0 relationship; and mutuality and trust. CONCLUSIONS: Problematic prescribing occurs when @entity0 experience repeated consultations that do not meet their needs and GPs feel unable to negotiate alternative approaches to treatment. Therapeutic short-termism is perpetuated by inconsistent clinical encounters and the absence of mutually-agreed formulations of underlying problems and plans of action. Apart from commissioning improved access to appropriate specialist services, general practices should also consider how they manage problematic opioid prescribing and be prepared to set boundaries with @entity0 .

title: Understanding long-term opioid prescribing for non- @entity1 XXXX in primary care: a qualitative study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The place of opioids in the management of chronic, non- @entity1 @entity2 is limited. Even so their use is escalating, leading to concerns that @entity0 are prescribed strong opioids inappropriately and alternatives to medication are under-used. We aimed to understand the processes which bring about and perpetuate long-term prescribing of opioids for chronic, non- @entity1 @entity2 . METHODS: We held semi-structured interviews with @entity0 and focus groups with general practitioners (GPs). @entity0 included 23 @entity0 currently prescribed long-term opioids and 15 GPs from Leeds and Bradford, United Kingdom (UK). We used a grounded approach to the analysis of transcripts. RESULTS: @entity0 are driven by the needs for @entity2 relief, explanation, and improvement or maintenance of quality of life. GPs' responses are shaped by how UK general practice is organised, available therapeutic choices and their expertise in managing @entity3 , especially when facing diagnostic uncertainty or when their own approach is at odds with the @entity0 's wishes. Four features of the resulting transaction between @entity0 and doctors influence prescribing: lack of clarity of strategy, including the risk of any plans being subverted by urgent demands; lack of certainty about locus of control in decision-making, especially in relation to prescribing; continuity in the doctor- @entity0 relationship; and mutuality and trust. CONCLUSIONS: Problematic prescribing occurs when @entity0 experience repeated consultations that do not meet their needs and GPs feel unable to negotiate alternative approaches to treatment. Therapeutic short-termism is perpetuated by inconsistent clinical encounters and the absence of mutually-agreed formulations of underlying problems and plans of action. Apart from commissioning improved access to appropriate specialist services, general practices should also consider how they manage problematic opioid prescribing and be prepared to set boundaries with @entity0 .

title: Understanding long-term opioid prescribing for non- XXXX @entity2 in primary care: a qualitative study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity2 ( @entity2 ), chronic and uncontrolled overexpression of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) results in chaotic vessels, and intractable fingertip @entity3 . Vice versa, @entity6 is a potent mediator of angiogenesis if temporally and spatially controlled. We have addressed this therapeutic dilemma in @entity2 by a novel approach using a VEGF121 variant that covalently binds to fibrin and gets released on demand by cellular enzymatic activity. Using University of California at Davis (UCD)-206 @entity4 , we tested the hypothesis that cell-demanded release of fibrin-bound VEGF121 leads to the formation of stable blood vessels, and clinical improvement of @entity0 . METHODS: Ninety-one early and late @entity1 of UCD-206 @entity4 were treated locally with VEGF121-fibrin, fibrin alone, or left untreated. After 1   week of treatment the clinical outcome was assessed. Angiogenesis was studied by immunofluorescence staining of vascular markers quantitatively analysed using TissueQuest. RESULTS: Overall, 79.3% of the lesions treated with VEGF121-fibrin showed clinical improvement, whereas 71.0% of fibrin treated controls, and 93.1% of untreated lesions deteriorated. This was accompanied by significantly increased growth of stable microvessels, upregulation of the proangiogenic @entity5 and its regulator @entity8 , and increase of endogenous endothelial @entity6 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings in the avian model of @entity2 suggest that cell-demanded release of VEGF121 from fibrin matrix induces controlled angiogenesis by differential regulation of @entity7 and @entity5 expression, shifting the balance towards the proangiogenic @entity5 . The study shows the potential of covalently conjugated @entity6 -fibrin matrices for the therapy of @entity0 such as fingertip @entity3 .

title: Efficient therapy of @entity0 with VEGF121-fibrin in an animal model of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity2 ( @entity2 ), chronic and uncontrolled overexpression of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) results in chaotic vessels, and intractable fingertip @entity3 . Vice versa, @entity6 is a potent mediator of angiogenesis if temporally and spatially controlled. We have addressed this therapeutic dilemma in @entity2 by a novel approach using a VEGF121 variant that covalently binds to fibrin and gets released on demand by cellular enzymatic activity. Using University of California at Davis (UCD)-206 @entity4 , we tested the hypothesis that cell-demanded release of fibrin-bound VEGF121 leads to the formation of stable blood vessels, and clinical improvement of @entity0 . METHODS: Ninety-one early and late @entity1 of UCD-206 @entity4 were treated locally with VEGF121-fibrin, fibrin alone, or left untreated. After 1   week of treatment the clinical outcome was assessed. Angiogenesis was studied by immunofluorescence staining of vascular markers quantitatively analysed using TissueQuest. RESULTS: Overall, 79.3% of the lesions treated with VEGF121-fibrin showed clinical improvement, whereas 71.0% of fibrin treated controls, and 93.1% of untreated lesions deteriorated. This was accompanied by significantly increased growth of stable microvessels, upregulation of the proangiogenic @entity5 and its regulator @entity8 , and increase of endogenous endothelial @entity6 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings in the avian model of @entity2 suggest that cell-demanded release of VEGF121 from fibrin matrix induces controlled angiogenesis by differential regulation of @entity7 and @entity5 expression, shifting the balance towards the proangiogenic @entity5 . The study shows the potential of covalently conjugated @entity6 -fibrin matrices for the therapy of @entity0 such as fingertip @entity3 .

title: Efficient therapy of XXXX with VEGF121-fibrin in an animal model of @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical outcomes between the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), autologous blood (AB) and corticosteroid (CS) injection in @entity2 are still controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted with the aim of comparing relevant clinical outcomes between the use of PRP, AB and CS injection. Medline and Scopus databases were searched from inception to January 2015. A network meta-analysis was performed by applying weight regression for continuous outcomes and a mixed-effect Poisson regression for dichotomous outcomes. RESULTS: Ten of 374 identified studies were eligible. When compared to CS, AB injection showed significantly improved effects with unstandardized mean differences (UMD) in @entity1 visual analog scale (VAS), Disabilities of Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH), @entity0 -Related @entity2 (PRTEE) score and pressure @entity1 threshold (PPT) of -2.5 (95  % confidence interval, -3.5, -1.5), -25.5 (-33.8, -17.2), -5.3 (-9.1, -1.6) and 9.9 (5.6, 14.2), respectively. PRP injections also showed significantly improved VAS and DASH scores when compared with CS. PRP showed significantly better VAS with UMD when compared to AB injection. AB injection has a higher risk of adverse effects, with a relative risk of 1.78 (1.00, 3.17), when compared to CS. The network meta-analysis suggested no statistically significant difference in multiple active treatment comparisons of VAS, DASH and PRTEE when comparing PRP and AB injections. However, AB injection had improved DASH score and PPT when compared with PRP injection. In terms of adverse effects, AB injection had a higher risk than PRP injection. CONCLUSIONS: This network meta-analysis provided additional information that PRP injection can improve @entity1 and lower the risk of complications, whereas AB injection can improve @entity1 , disabilities scores and pressure @entity1 threshold but has a higher risk of complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I evidence.

title: Platelet-rich plasma versus autologous blood versus steroid injection in XXXX : systematic review and network meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 and @entity10 play a critical yet poorly understood role in orchestrating the recruitment and activation of effector cells of the asthmatic response and driving the pathophysiology of @entity2 . The @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity4 @entity3 model displays many features of the @entity0 condition and is an ideal model to further elucidate the involvement of these critical Th2 cytokines. We hypothesized that airway exposure to @entity5 allergen would induce or elevate the expression profile of @entity8 and @entity10 during the allergic airway response in this large animal model of @entity3 . METHODS: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected from saline-  and @entity5 ( @entity5 )-  challenged lung lobes of sensitized @entity4 from 0 to 48  h post-challenge. BAL cytokines ( @entity8 , @entity10 , @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity7 ) were each measured by ELISA. @entity8 and @entity10 expression was assessed in BAL leukocytes by flow cytometry and in airway tissue sections by immunohistology. RESULTS: @entity8 and @entity10 were increased in BAL samples following airway allergen challenge. @entity5 challenge resulted in a significant increase in BAL @entity8 levels at 4  h compared to saline-challenged airways, while BAL @entity10 levels were elevated at all time-points after allergen challenge. @entity6 levels were maintained following @entity5 challenge but declined after saline challenge, while @entity5 administration resulted in an acute elevation in @entity9 at 4  h but no change in @entity7 levels over time. Lymphocytes were the main early source of @entity8 , with @entity8 release by alveolar macrophages (AMs) prominent from 24  h post-allergen challenge. @entity10 producing AMs were increased at 4 and 24  h following @entity5 compared to saline challenge, and tissue staining provided evidence of @entity10 expression in airway epithelium as well as immune cells in airway tissue. CONCLUSION: In a @entity4 model of @entity2 , airway @entity1 is accompanied by the temporal release of key cytokines following allergen exposure that primarily reflects the Th2-driven nature of the immune response in @entity3 . The present study demonstrates for the first time the involvement of @entity8 and @entity10 in a relevant large animal model of @entity2 .

title: Dynamics of @entity8 and @entity10 expression in the airways of XXXX following allergen challenge.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 and @entity10 play a critical yet poorly understood role in orchestrating the recruitment and activation of effector cells of the asthmatic response and driving the pathophysiology of @entity2 . The @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity4 @entity3 model displays many features of the @entity0 condition and is an ideal model to further elucidate the involvement of these critical Th2 cytokines. We hypothesized that airway exposure to @entity5 allergen would induce or elevate the expression profile of @entity8 and @entity10 during the allergic airway response in this large animal model of @entity3 . METHODS: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected from saline-  and @entity5 ( @entity5 )-  challenged lung lobes of sensitized @entity4 from 0 to 48  h post-challenge. BAL cytokines ( @entity8 , @entity10 , @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity7 ) were each measured by ELISA. @entity8 and @entity10 expression was assessed in BAL leukocytes by flow cytometry and in airway tissue sections by immunohistology. RESULTS: @entity8 and @entity10 were increased in BAL samples following airway allergen challenge. @entity5 challenge resulted in a significant increase in BAL @entity8 levels at 4  h compared to saline-challenged airways, while BAL @entity10 levels were elevated at all time-points after allergen challenge. @entity6 levels were maintained following @entity5 challenge but declined after saline challenge, while @entity5 administration resulted in an acute elevation in @entity9 at 4  h but no change in @entity7 levels over time. Lymphocytes were the main early source of @entity8 , with @entity8 release by alveolar macrophages (AMs) prominent from 24  h post-allergen challenge. @entity10 producing AMs were increased at 4 and 24  h following @entity5 compared to saline challenge, and tissue staining provided evidence of @entity10 expression in airway epithelium as well as immune cells in airway tissue. CONCLUSION: In a @entity4 model of @entity2 , airway @entity1 is accompanied by the temporal release of key cytokines following allergen exposure that primarily reflects the Th2-driven nature of the immune response in @entity3 . The present study demonstrates for the first time the involvement of @entity8 and @entity10 in a relevant large animal model of @entity2 .

title: Dynamics of @entity8 and XXXX expression in the airways of @entity4 following allergen challenge.

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 and @entity10 play a critical yet poorly understood role in orchestrating the recruitment and activation of effector cells of the asthmatic response and driving the pathophysiology of @entity2 . The @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity4 @entity3 model displays many features of the @entity0 condition and is an ideal model to further elucidate the involvement of these critical Th2 cytokines. We hypothesized that airway exposure to @entity5 allergen would induce or elevate the expression profile of @entity8 and @entity10 during the allergic airway response in this large animal model of @entity3 . METHODS: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected from saline-  and @entity5 ( @entity5 )-  challenged lung lobes of sensitized @entity4 from 0 to 48  h post-challenge. BAL cytokines ( @entity8 , @entity10 , @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity7 ) were each measured by ELISA. @entity8 and @entity10 expression was assessed in BAL leukocytes by flow cytometry and in airway tissue sections by immunohistology. RESULTS: @entity8 and @entity10 were increased in BAL samples following airway allergen challenge. @entity5 challenge resulted in a significant increase in BAL @entity8 levels at 4  h compared to saline-challenged airways, while BAL @entity10 levels were elevated at all time-points after allergen challenge. @entity6 levels were maintained following @entity5 challenge but declined after saline challenge, while @entity5 administration resulted in an acute elevation in @entity9 at 4  h but no change in @entity7 levels over time. Lymphocytes were the main early source of @entity8 , with @entity8 release by alveolar macrophages (AMs) prominent from 24  h post-allergen challenge. @entity10 producing AMs were increased at 4 and 24  h following @entity5 compared to saline challenge, and tissue staining provided evidence of @entity10 expression in airway epithelium as well as immune cells in airway tissue. CONCLUSION: In a @entity4 model of @entity2 , airway @entity1 is accompanied by the temporal release of key cytokines following allergen exposure that primarily reflects the Th2-driven nature of the immune response in @entity3 . The present study demonstrates for the first time the involvement of @entity8 and @entity10 in a relevant large animal model of @entity2 .

title: Dynamics of XXXX and @entity10 expression in the airways of @entity4 following allergen challenge.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity1 are a pathological vessel dilatation that bear a high risk of @entity0 . For the understanding and evaluation of the risk of @entity0 , the analysis of hemodynamic information plays an important role. Besides quantitative hemodynamic information, also qualitative flow characteristics, e.g., the inflow jet and impingement zone are correlated with the risk of @entity0 . However, the assessment of these two characteristics is currently based on an interactive visual investigation of the flow field, obtained by @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or blood flow measurements. We present an automatic and robust detection as well as an expressive visualization of these characteristics. The detection can be used to support a comparison, e.g., of simulation results reflecting different treatment options. Our approach utilizes local streamline properties to formalize the inflow jet and impingement zone. We extract a characteristic seeding curve on the ostium, on which an inflow jet boundary contour is constructed. Based on this boundary contour we identify the impingement zone. Furthermore, we present several visualization techniques to depict both characteristics expressively. Thereby, we consider accuracy and robustness of the extracted characteristics, minimal visual clutter and occlusions. An evaluation with six domain experts confirms that our approach detects both hemodynamic characteristics reasonably.

title: Automatic Detection and Visualization of Qualitative Hemodynamic Characteristics in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The concept of salvage pulmonary resection after definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) is not yet commonly accepted in @entity1 treatment. We report our experience of eight @entity0 in whom we performed salvage pulmonary resection for @entity2 or isolated locoregional recurrence detected after dCRT. METHODS: Between 2005 and 2014, we performed salvage pulmonary resection for eight @entity0 with N2 Stage-IIIA @entity4 . The @entity0 had initially received dCRT (radiation  <=   60  Gy), but eventually underwent pulmonary resection with curative intent for @entity2 or isolated locoregional recurrence. The postoperative complications, incidence of recurrence, and survival parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: Salvage pulmonary resection was performed in four @entity0 with @entity2 and four @entity0 with locoregional recurrence. Complete resection was successfully performed in all eight @entity0 . @entity3 were observed in three @entity0 , however, there were no postoperative mortalities. One @entity0 developed local recurrence in a mediastinal lymph node and two @entity0 died. Of the two fatalities, one was related to @entity1 . The estimated 5-year survival rate of the eight @entity0 was 75.0%. CONCLUSION: We report our experience of salvage pulmonary resection performed for @entity2 or isolated locoregional recurrence diagnosed after dCRT in eight @entity0 with locally advanced @entity1 . Although the @entity3 rate was high, the survival data were favorable. A larger study is needed to confirm the safety and feasibility of salvage pulmonary resection after dCRT.

title: Eight cases of salvage pulmonary resection for XXXX or isolated local recurrence detected after definitive chemoradiotherapy for N2 Stage-IIIA lung cancer.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The inflammatory process plays an important role in @entity2 mustard ( @entity4 ) injury and @entity4 pathogenesis, suggesting that anti-inflammatory treatments applied as soon as possible following @entity0 may reduce tissue damage and accelerate healing. This study used the @entity4 dermal weanling @entity3 model to investigate the efficacy of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, @entity6 and @entity7 , when applied in combination with the @entity1 , @entity8 . The therapeutic regimen was also investigated with respect to initiation of treatment post-exposure, frequency and duration. Yorkshire-cross @entity3 were randomly assigned to experimental groups, corresponding to all combinations of treatment ( @entity6 with @entity8 or @entity7 with @entity8 ), onset time (1, 2 or 4   h post-exposure), treatment duration (1, 3 or 5 days) and frequency of applications (2, 3 or 4 per day). For each animal, two sites on the ventral abdomen were exposed to 400    L of neat @entity4 for 8   min to achieve superficial dermal (SD) lesions and two sites were exposed to 400    L neat @entity4 for 30   min to achieve deep @entity9 . Each treatment regimen was tested against a SD and a @entity0 . Untreated SD and @entity5 lesion sites served as within-animal controls. Assessments, up to one week post-challenge, included digital photographs, clinical assessments (lesion size measurements and modified Draize scoring), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), reflectance colorimetry and histopathologic evaluations that included an estimate for @entity0 and wound healing parameters. @entity7 plus @entity8 treatment resulted in significant reductions in lesion contracture and modified Draize scores, increased barrier function (decreased TEWL), and increased healing as determined by histopathology for both SD and @entity0 when compared with untreated sites and sites treated with @entity6 plus @entity8 . An increased duration of treatment from 1 to 5 days was most commonly associated with decreased clinical assessment and histopathological severity scores. Therefore, a combination of @entity7 and @entity8 application, when administered for at least five days, shows promise in ameliorating @entity4 -induced lesions.

title: Selection of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and treatment regimen for XXXX mustard-induced cutaneous lesions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a context of resurgent syphilis in France since 2000, we conducted a retrospective study in two different centres in Montpellier, France: the dermatology department of a public hospital and an anonymous and free centre for provision of information, diagnosis and treatment of @entity3 (CDAG-CIDDIST). @entity0 AND METHODS: All @entity0 with syphilis seen from January 2002 to December 2011 were included with the collaboration of the National Health Institute (InVS) and the Bacteriology Department of the public hospital. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, serological data, and treatment and monitoring data for up to 2 years were recorded. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-five cases of syphilis were diagnosed: 154 at the CDAG and 21 at the dermatology unit. Ninety-six percent of cases concerned @entity0 with a median age of 36 years. Eighty-two percent of these cases involved @entity0 having sex with @entity0 (MSM). Forty-nine percent of cases were diagnosed in the secondary stage, 22% in the primary stage and 28% in the latent stage. The treatment administered in the majority of cases (73%) was @entity6 - @entity5 . The numbers of @entity0 showing incomplete follow-up were equal at both centres, with 31 @entity0 (17.7%) failing to attend the follow-up visit. A decrease of at least 2 dilutions in VDRL score occurred in the year following treatment for 93 of 103 @entity0 (90%). @entity0 managed at the dermatology department were older than their counterparts managed at the CDAG and exhibited more frequent cutaneous eruptions (58% vs. 3%, P<0.0001) but were less frequently bisexual. However, no significant differences were seen concerning sex and associated @entity2 ( @entity1 , @entity4 , HPV or herpes). DISCUSSION: Syphilis is on the rise, especially in the MSM population. The epidemiological characteristics of our cohort were consistent with those of other Western European countries. Although the reasons for consultation differed between CDAG/CIDDIST and the dermatology department, the two centres are complementary. @entity6 - @entity5 was the most commonly used treatment, in accordance with the recommendations. Measures must be introduced to improve @entity0 monitoring without compromising anonymity.

title: [Syphilis in Montpellier, France, from 2002 to 2011: Survey in a free hospital screening centre for XXXX and in the dermatology unit of a regional public hospital].

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Gene regulatory networks account for the delicate mechanisms that control gene expression. Under certain circumstances, gene regulatory programs may give rise to amplification cascades. Such transcriptional cascades are events in which activation of key-responsive transcription factors called master regulators trigger a series of gene expression events. The action of transcriptional master regulators is then important for the establishment of certain programs like cell development and differentiation. However, such cascades have also been related with the onset and maintenance of @entity1 phenotypes. Here we present a systematic implementation of a series of algorithms aimed at the inference of a gene regulatory network and analysis of transcriptional master regulators in the context of primary @entity0 cells. Such studies were performed in a highly curated database of 880 microarray gene expression experiments on biopsy-captured tissue corresponding to primary @entity0 and healthy controls. Biological function and biochemical pathway enrichment analyses were also performed to study the role that the processes controlled - at the transcriptional level - by such master regulators may have in relation to primary @entity0 . We found that transcription factors such as @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity2 and others are master regulators in this gene regulatory network. Sets of genes controlled by these regulators are involved in processes that are well-known hallmarks of @entity1 . This kind of analyses may help to understand the most upstream events in the development of phenotypes, in particular, those regarding @entity1 biology.

title: Transcriptional master regulator analysis in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is one of the most common emergency requiring operation. As the first discovered coagulation factor, plasma @entity4 frequently increases with @entity1 due to the activation of coagulation. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the diagnostic value of hyperfibrinogenemia as a preoperative laboratory marker for appendiceal perforation in @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 455 @entity0 (202 females, 253 males; mean age, 31.7 years) with histologically confirmed @entity2 who underwent laparoscopic or open appendectomy. Results of preoperative laboratory values and post-operative histologic results were analysed retrospectively. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to determine @entity0 's age and laboratory tests associated with @entity3 . RESULT: Mean plasma @entity4 level of all @entity0 was 3.99   g/L (1.41 SD; range, 1.73-10.6   g/L; median, 3.69   g/L). @entity0 with appendiceal perforation had a mean @entity4 level of 5.72   g/L (1.52 SD; range, 3.38-10.04   g/L; median, 5.28   g/L), which was significantly higher than those with nonperforated groups (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed @entity4 and D-dimer were associated with perforation (P = 0.001, P = 0.014, respectively). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of @entity4 for discriminating @entity3 from non-perforated groups were larger than white blood cell and D-dimer. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperfibrinogenemia was common in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity4 may be useful as a predictive factor for appendiceal perforation.

title: Diagnostic value of hyperfibrinogenemia as a predictive factor for appendiceal perforation in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the adverse events (AEs) significantly associated with @entity5 ( @entity7 ) therapy through a meta-analysis of all available double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs), performed in any age, gender, ethnic background and disease. General tolerability and study withdrawals due to AEs associated with @entity7 treatment were also investigated. In addition, a dose-effect responses relationship for all variables was assessed. METHODS: RCTs were identified searching Medline (PubMed), Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL for the words " @entity5 " and "randomized controlled trial", with different search strategies, setting the limits " @entity0 " and "English". Very common and common AEs according to the summary of product characteristics were investigated. RevMan version 5.2 was used for the statistical analyses. Risk difference with 95% confidence intervals was used to investigate the association of any AEs and withdrawal with @entity7 . RESULTS: Twenty-six studies with 2832 @entity0 were included in the RCTs analysis. @entity6 , @entity4 , dizziness, nervousness/ @entity1 and @entity3 / @entity2 were statistically significant associated with @entity7 . In addition, @entity7 was significantly associated with an increased risk of AEs-related withdrawals. No dose-response relationship was found for any of the assessed variables. CONCLUSIONS: This first large meta-analysis suggests that @entity0 were more likely to discontinue @entity7 than placebo. The AE profile confirmed that @entity7 is associated with few unfavorable sedative, vestibulocerebellar and behavioral effects, such as nervousness and @entity1 . However, there does not seem to be a clear dose-response relationship.

title: The adverse event profile of XXXX : A meta-analysis on @entity0 and adults.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the adverse events (AEs) significantly associated with @entity5 ( @entity7 ) therapy through a meta-analysis of all available double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs), performed in any age, gender, ethnic background and disease. General tolerability and study withdrawals due to AEs associated with @entity7 treatment were also investigated. In addition, a dose-effect responses relationship for all variables was assessed. METHODS: RCTs were identified searching Medline (PubMed), Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL for the words " @entity5 " and "randomized controlled trial", with different search strategies, setting the limits " @entity0 " and "English". Very common and common AEs according to the summary of product characteristics were investigated. RevMan version 5.2 was used for the statistical analyses. Risk difference with 95% confidence intervals was used to investigate the association of any AEs and withdrawal with @entity7 . RESULTS: Twenty-six studies with 2832 @entity0 were included in the RCTs analysis. @entity6 , @entity4 , dizziness, nervousness/ @entity1 and @entity3 / @entity2 were statistically significant associated with @entity7 . In addition, @entity7 was significantly associated with an increased risk of AEs-related withdrawals. No dose-response relationship was found for any of the assessed variables. CONCLUSIONS: This first large meta-analysis suggests that @entity0 were more likely to discontinue @entity7 than placebo. The AE profile confirmed that @entity7 is associated with few unfavorable sedative, vestibulocerebellar and behavioral effects, such as nervousness and @entity1 . However, there does not seem to be a clear dose-response relationship.

title: The adverse event profile of @entity5 : A meta-analysis on XXXX and adults.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We report a case of progressive @entity5 secondary to primary @entity1 masquerading as @entity2 . An 18-year-old female presented to our hospital emergency department with progressive cough, @entity4 , and hemoptysis. She was treated for primary @entity2 without improvement and had @entity5 with endotracheal intubation by the third hospital day. An "intermediate" plasma brain natriuretic protein ( @entity6 ) of 216   pg/mL did not raise concerns about a @entity3 diagnosis and may have delayed the correct diagnosis. Computed tomography of the chest with intravenous contrast was performed on the fifth hospital day and revealed a cardiac mass. A transthoracic echocardiogram confirmed a large left atrial mass that was obstructing mitral inflow. She was transferred to a tertiary center for emergency cardiac surgery. Primary @entity7 are a rare and treatable cause of @entity3 in adolescent and young adult @entity0 . Presentation can be confused with @entity2 and must be suspected early. Plasma @entity6 cutoff levels used in the adult population should not be extrapolated to adolescents, as levels, both normal and abnormal, are significantly lower in this group of @entity0 .

title: XXXX in an Adolescent with Primary @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We report a case of progressive @entity5 secondary to primary @entity1 masquerading as @entity2 . An 18-year-old female presented to our hospital emergency department with progressive cough, @entity4 , and hemoptysis. She was treated for primary @entity2 without improvement and had @entity5 with endotracheal intubation by the third hospital day. An "intermediate" plasma brain natriuretic protein ( @entity6 ) of 216   pg/mL did not raise concerns about a @entity3 diagnosis and may have delayed the correct diagnosis. Computed tomography of the chest with intravenous contrast was performed on the fifth hospital day and revealed a cardiac mass. A transthoracic echocardiogram confirmed a large left atrial mass that was obstructing mitral inflow. She was transferred to a tertiary center for emergency cardiac surgery. Primary @entity7 are a rare and treatable cause of @entity3 in adolescent and young adult @entity0 . Presentation can be confused with @entity2 and must be suspected early. Plasma @entity6 cutoff levels used in the adult population should not be extrapolated to adolescents, as levels, both normal and abnormal, are significantly lower in this group of @entity0 .

title: @entity5 in an Adolescent with Primary XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of divasa in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity7 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The main group included 40 @entity0 (mean age 56.2  5.7 years) with asthenic/autonomic and vestibular/ @entity5 developed during chronic @entity4 . The severity of symptoms was measured with the Visual Analogue scale (VAS). Neuropsychological and psychoemotional status was assessed with MMSE, MFI-20, HAM-A, a subjective sleep questionnaire, a scheme for detection of signs of @entity9 . Quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) and CGI scale were used as well. The plasma levels of fibrinogen and the @entity8 factor were determined in all @entity0 . The control group included 40 @entity0 with chronic @entity7 matched for age, sex and severity of @entity1 to the main group. RESULTS: The scores of asthenic symptoms, @entity6 , @entity2 and @entity9 were decreased significantly that led to the improvement of quality of life of @entity0 . A significant decrease and normalization of the plasma levels of fibrinogen and the @entity8 factor were identified in the @entity0 of the main group. The drug was well-tolerated, side-effects ( @entity3 ) were noted only in 5%. CONCLUSION: The positive effect of divasa on @entity0 's condition was demonstrated. The drug may be recommended for the use in complex treatment of these @entity0 .

title: [An experience of using divasa in the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Recent studies have shown that the transcription factor, nuclear factor @entity7 ( @entity7 ), regulates critical survival pathways in a variety of different cell types, including @entity0 @entity5 cells. The activation of @entity7 is controlled by proteasome-mediated degradation of its endogenous polypeptide inhibitor, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaBalpha. We investigated the effects of @entity6 , a peptide boronate inhibitor of the proteasome in @entity0 @entity5 cells in vitro and in vivo. Comparison of @entity6 's effects on the growth of eight different @entity0 @entity5 cell lines revealed marked heterogeneity in drug responsiveness, ranging from highly resistant (IC50 > 10 microM; Panc-48, HS766T, and Mia-PaCa-2) to extremely sensitive (IC50 < 40 nM; L3.6pl, Hpaf2, and BxPC3). However, these effects did not correlate with differential inhibition of @entity7 activation. Direct quantification of apoptosis revealed that @entity6 's effects on cell growth largely correlated with sensitivity to programmed cell death. Evaluation of @entity6 's effects on established orthotopic @entity1 xenografts demonstrated that biweekly intravenous administration of the maximum-tolerated dose of the drug (1 mg/kg) led to significant reductions in the volumes of L3.6pl @entity1 but not Mia-PaCa-2 @entity1 . Laser scanning cytometer-mediated quantification of drug-induced apoptosis in the xenografts confirmed that @entity6 induced DNA fragmentation and activation of @entity4 in L3.6pl @entity1 but not in Mia-PaCa-2 @entity1 . However, histological examination of drug-treated @entity1 revealed @entity3 and reductions in microvessel density and @entity2 expression in both @entity1 types. Taken together, our results demonstrate that @entity6 inhibits the growth of @entity0 @entity5 via direct effects on @entity1 cells and indirect effects on the @entity1 vasculature.

title: Effects of the proteasome inhibitor @entity6 on apoptosis and angiogenesis in orthotopic @entity0 XXXX xenografts.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Recent studies have shown that the transcription factor, nuclear factor @entity7 ( @entity7 ), regulates critical survival pathways in a variety of different cell types, including @entity0 @entity5 cells. The activation of @entity7 is controlled by proteasome-mediated degradation of its endogenous polypeptide inhibitor, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaBalpha. We investigated the effects of @entity6 , a peptide boronate inhibitor of the proteasome in @entity0 @entity5 cells in vitro and in vivo. Comparison of @entity6 's effects on the growth of eight different @entity0 @entity5 cell lines revealed marked heterogeneity in drug responsiveness, ranging from highly resistant (IC50 > 10 microM; Panc-48, HS766T, and Mia-PaCa-2) to extremely sensitive (IC50 < 40 nM; L3.6pl, Hpaf2, and BxPC3). However, these effects did not correlate with differential inhibition of @entity7 activation. Direct quantification of apoptosis revealed that @entity6 's effects on cell growth largely correlated with sensitivity to programmed cell death. Evaluation of @entity6 's effects on established orthotopic @entity1 xenografts demonstrated that biweekly intravenous administration of the maximum-tolerated dose of the drug (1 mg/kg) led to significant reductions in the volumes of L3.6pl @entity1 but not Mia-PaCa-2 @entity1 . Laser scanning cytometer-mediated quantification of drug-induced apoptosis in the xenografts confirmed that @entity6 induced DNA fragmentation and activation of @entity4 in L3.6pl @entity1 but not in Mia-PaCa-2 @entity1 . However, histological examination of drug-treated @entity1 revealed @entity3 and reductions in microvessel density and @entity2 expression in both @entity1 types. Taken together, our results demonstrate that @entity6 inhibits the growth of @entity0 @entity5 via direct effects on @entity1 cells and indirect effects on the @entity1 vasculature.

title: Effects of the proteasome inhibitor XXXX on apoptosis and angiogenesis in orthotopic @entity0 @entity5 xenografts.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Recent studies have shown that the transcription factor, nuclear factor @entity7 ( @entity7 ), regulates critical survival pathways in a variety of different cell types, including @entity0 @entity5 cells. The activation of @entity7 is controlled by proteasome-mediated degradation of its endogenous polypeptide inhibitor, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaBalpha. We investigated the effects of @entity6 , a peptide boronate inhibitor of the proteasome in @entity0 @entity5 cells in vitro and in vivo. Comparison of @entity6 's effects on the growth of eight different @entity0 @entity5 cell lines revealed marked heterogeneity in drug responsiveness, ranging from highly resistant (IC50 > 10 microM; Panc-48, HS766T, and Mia-PaCa-2) to extremely sensitive (IC50 < 40 nM; L3.6pl, Hpaf2, and BxPC3). However, these effects did not correlate with differential inhibition of @entity7 activation. Direct quantification of apoptosis revealed that @entity6 's effects on cell growth largely correlated with sensitivity to programmed cell death. Evaluation of @entity6 's effects on established orthotopic @entity1 xenografts demonstrated that biweekly intravenous administration of the maximum-tolerated dose of the drug (1 mg/kg) led to significant reductions in the volumes of L3.6pl @entity1 but not Mia-PaCa-2 @entity1 . Laser scanning cytometer-mediated quantification of drug-induced apoptosis in the xenografts confirmed that @entity6 induced DNA fragmentation and activation of @entity4 in L3.6pl @entity1 but not in Mia-PaCa-2 @entity1 . However, histological examination of drug-treated @entity1 revealed @entity3 and reductions in microvessel density and @entity2 expression in both @entity1 types. Taken together, our results demonstrate that @entity6 inhibits the growth of @entity0 @entity5 via direct effects on @entity1 cells and indirect effects on the @entity1 vasculature.

title: Effects of the proteasome inhibitor @entity6 on apoptosis and angiogenesis in orthotopic XXXX @entity5 xenografts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the disease characteristics of @entity1 in southern Taiwan, and to investigate diagnostic methods. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, from March 1988 to February 2002. RESULTS: A total of 12 @entity0 (3 @entity0 , 9 @entity0 ), with a mean age of 44.5 years, and a diagnosis of @entity1 by positive histology and either a typical chest roentgenogram or clinical presentation were included. All 12 @entity0 had intrathoracic involvement (hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes, 12; lungs, 5), eight had skin involvement, and two had extrathoracic lymph node involvement. The most frequent biopsy specimens were from the skin (n = 10), followed by the intrathoracic lymph nodes (n = 4), lungs (n = 2), and extrathoracic lymph nodes (n = 2). Four @entity0 had positive biopsies from two organs. Our data showed an older age distribution and a greater female predominance of the disease compared with Western countries. A higher rate of intrathoracic and skin involvement was also found, but the reason for this was not clear. CONCLUSIONS: Greater awareness of possible skin involvement may enable chest physicians and clinical practitioners to suspect this condition earlier. A histologic diagnosis from skin biopsy should then be made, rather than using more invasive procedures.

title: XXXX in southern Taiwan.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intussusception is the leading cause of @entity1 in young children. Antibiotics are the most frequently prescribed medication in the pediatric population and have common adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a relationship exists between primary @entity3 and antibiotic drug use. DESIGN: Case-control study. @entity0 : Ninety-three case @entity0 with intussusception and 353 injury controls younger than 4 years who were seen at the emergency department of the @entity0 's Hospital of Alabama between January 1, 1996, and April 30, 2001, were included. Controls were matched to cases by quarter and year of time of diagnosis, age, and sex. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratios and 2-sided 95% confidence intervals were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Prevalence of antibiotic use in an age-standardized, representative sample of US @entity0 from NHANES III (Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) was used for external comparisons. RESULTS: Antibiotic use within 48 hours of diagnosis was found in 23 cases (25%) and 33 controls (9%) (odds ratio, 4.15; 95% confidence interval, 2.17-7.92; attributable risk, 18.7%). Antibiotic use among US @entity0 according to NHANES III was 10.7%. In cases, the @entity2 class accounted for 78% of all medications used. Cephalosporin use was associated with more than a 20-fold increased risk of intussusception. CONCLUSION: An association between antibiotic drug use and intussusception was identified.

title: Association between antibiotic use and primary XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) occurred the day after interventional closure of an @entity3 with a 30 mm Gore Septal Occluder (GSO   ) in a 2 years and 11-month-old female. @entity1 disappeared without further treatment and stable sinus rhythm recovered within 3 days. Only short episodes of 2nd degree @entity2 (Wenckebach periodicity) at rare intervals were documented in Holter-monitors the following 2 months. Eleven months after device implantation the @entity0 suffered from long lasting episodes of @entity1 . Surgical removal of the device resulted in incomplete recovery of AV-conduction. Histopathological work-up of the explanted GSO showed complete endothelialization of the device and regular scar formation. One year after surgery, the @entity0 had sinus rhythm during daytime but needed VVI-pacing while sleeping. Young age, inferior localization of the defect, and use of a large device have been individual risk factors for @entity1 in this @entity0 . Clinical course and histologic findings indicate that mechanical compression was the only cause for @entity1 . The cumulative number of reports of @entity1 after use of different @entity3 -devices supports the recommendation to postpone the intervention in asymptomatic @entity0 to preschool-age. Early removal of a pushing device may increase the chance of complete recovery from @entity1 .    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Late complete XXXX after closure of an atrial septal defect with a gore septal occluder (GSO   ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: The Arctic charr @entity3 is an endangered fish species in Finland, and thus farming is carried out mainly for stocking purposes. Farmed charr are susceptible to infection with atypical @entity1 (aAS). Losses of valuable brood stock will severely reduce the genetic diversity of stocked charr. No commercial vaccines are available to prevent @entity0 , and vaccines against @entity2 (caused by typical A. salmonicida, tAS) do not protect the charr against @entity0 . The effects of a metabolizable oil-adjuvanted, bivalent vaccine (containing killed aAS and A. salmonicida salmonicida bacteria) on the immune system of 1 yr old hatchery-reared charr originating from Lake Inari in Northern Finland were examined. Fish vaccination in Finland generally takes place either from October to November or from February to April, when the water temperature is low (1 to 3degrees C). The water temperature starts to increase in mid-May. Therefore, we also investigated whether post-vaccination (p.v.) temperature had an influence on the immune system of this cold-water fish species. The fish were immunized intraperitoneally at 2.9 degrees C at the end of April. After 52 d, during which the water temperature increased from 2.9 to 10.0 degrees C, the charr were exposed to 1 of 3 test temperatures: 10.3, 14.1 or 18.1 degrees C. Prior to vaccination, and 49, 75 and 103 d p.v., several immune parameters were measured in both unvaccinated and vaccinated charr. Vaccination induced a significant anti-aAS-specific antibody response, and increased plasma lysozyme activity at all p.v. temperatures. The haemolytic activity of the complement system was unaffected either by vaccination or p.v. temperatures. There was a slight positive correlation between p.v. temperature and lysozyme activity of the charr. The significant increase in lysozyme activity took place in vaccinated charr in the first 49 d p.v. as water temperatures increased from 2.9 to 10 degrees C. Furthermore, the highest activity of lysozyme in the plasma was observed 49 d p.v. Our results indicate that a rise in water temperature above 10 degrees C does not significantly enhance the vaccination response of charr. This could be one reason why farmed Arctic charr, which are well adapted to a cold climate, are highly susceptible to @entity0 in the summer.

title: Temperature effect on the immune defense functions of Arctic charr XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: State-based surveillance programs play a key role in @entity1 planning, prevention, education, support, and research activities. High-quality data are essential to all of these functions, and a key indicator of quality is timeliness. The Florida Birth Defects Registry (FBDR)-one of the largest population-based state registries in the United States-faces challenges with timeliness, as evidenced by its 18-month lag time. The goal of this study was to determine if the timeliness of the FBDR could be improved without significantly reducing the @entity2 of @entity1 ascertainment. METHODS: Using 2006-2011 data from the FBDR, we first investigated the timing of diagnosis of @entity1 by estimating the effect of different periods of follow-up on prevalence rates reported by the FBDR. We achieved this through retrospective reconstructions of the FBDR under 5 different scenarios with progressively narrower follow-up windows for each @entity0 , and by comparing recalculated rates to the rate of the current FBDR with 1 year of follow-up. We then considered scenarios in which the time lag used to construct the FBDR was reduced (15, 12, 9, and 6 months) by using less data (from 7 to 4 quarters). Recalculated rates were again compared to the current FBDR constructed with 2 years of data and an 18-month lag. Analyses were performed overall and for 44 specific defects. RESULTS: During the 6-year study period, the FBDR identified more than 27,000 @entity0 with a defect detected during the first year of life. Restricting follow-up from 1 year to 9 months would only result in a loss of 1.4% of cases. Cutting follow-up in half to 6 months would miss 3.2% of cases, although there was significant variation across defects. Improving timeliness had a small impact on @entity2 of ascertainment. Overall, compiling the FBDR with only 6 quarters of Florida Agency for Health Care Administration data (as opposed to 8 quarters) would improve timeliness by approximately 6 months, resulting in a registry that is 99.4% complete. DISCUSSION: Six-to-nine month improvements in timeliness were achievable with a minimal sacrifice in @entity2 (0.6%-1.7%). Efforts to enhance data quality through the assessment of timeliness and @entity2 indicators are not unique to @entity1 surveillance programs. Other programs, particularly those with similar passive case ascertainment protocols, can use our findings to consider a more timely release of registry data, or to design similar investigations of their own.

title: Evaluating Difficult Decisions in Public Health Surveillance: Striking the Right Balance between Timeliness and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Despite advances in surgical and anesthesiology techniques, many @entity0 continue to experience @entity3 after lumbar disc operations. This study aims to investigate the effects of @entity5 (MB) on preventing postoperative @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with or without @entity2 and improving the quality of life (QOL) in @entity0 undergoing lumbar open discectomy. METHODS This is a prospective, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, which was conducted at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences between July 2011 to January 2012. Of a total of 130 @entity0 , 115 were eligible for participation; 56 received 1 ml of MB solution at a concentration of 0.5% (MB group) and 59 received an equivalent volume of normal saline (control group). Primary outcomes were the control of @entity4 with or without @entity2 , which was evaluated preoperatively and at 24 hours and 3 months after surgery with the use of a visual analog scale (VAS), and the improvement of QOL, which was assessed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively by means of the Persian translation of the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire. RESULTS The mean VAS scores for @entity4 were significantly lower in the MB group compared with the control group at 24 hours (1.25    0.97 vs 2.80    0.69, p < 0.001) and 3 months (1.02    1.29 vs 2.07    1.10, p = 0.019) after treatment. The mean @entity2 scores decreased significantly in the 2 groups at 24 hours after surgery, but the mean @entity2 score was significantly lower in the MB-treated @entity0 than the control group. However, the difference between @entity2 scores in the MB group (1    1.1) and the control group (1.2    1) was not statistically significant (p = 0.64). The reduction in @entity4 was greater in the MB group than the control group (8.11    1.74 vs 6.07    1.52, p = 0.023, CI 95% -1.37 to -0.10). The functional QOL improved significantly 3 months after the operation in both groups (p < 0.001). Moderate disability occurred more frequently in the control group than in the MB group (14.5% vs 7.7%, p = 0.004). No @entity1 , adverse effects, or complications were found in the group of @entity0 treated with MB injection. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of MB (1 ml 0.5%) for coating the dura and surrounding tissues (facet and muscle) shows promising results in terms of safety, reduction of @entity3 , and functional outcome compared with placebo.

title: Effects of @entity5 on postoperative XXXX and functional outcomes after lumbar open discectomy: a triple-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Despite advances in surgical and anesthesiology techniques, many @entity0 continue to experience @entity3 after lumbar disc operations. This study aims to investigate the effects of @entity5 (MB) on preventing postoperative @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with or without @entity2 and improving the quality of life (QOL) in @entity0 undergoing lumbar open discectomy. METHODS This is a prospective, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, which was conducted at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences between July 2011 to January 2012. Of a total of 130 @entity0 , 115 were eligible for participation; 56 received 1 ml of MB solution at a concentration of 0.5% (MB group) and 59 received an equivalent volume of normal saline (control group). Primary outcomes were the control of @entity4 with or without @entity2 , which was evaluated preoperatively and at 24 hours and 3 months after surgery with the use of a visual analog scale (VAS), and the improvement of QOL, which was assessed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively by means of the Persian translation of the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire. RESULTS The mean VAS scores for @entity4 were significantly lower in the MB group compared with the control group at 24 hours (1.25    0.97 vs 2.80    0.69, p < 0.001) and 3 months (1.02    1.29 vs 2.07    1.10, p = 0.019) after treatment. The mean @entity2 scores decreased significantly in the 2 groups at 24 hours after surgery, but the mean @entity2 score was significantly lower in the MB-treated @entity0 than the control group. However, the difference between @entity2 scores in the MB group (1    1.1) and the control group (1.2    1) was not statistically significant (p = 0.64). The reduction in @entity4 was greater in the MB group than the control group (8.11    1.74 vs 6.07    1.52, p = 0.023, CI 95% -1.37 to -0.10). The functional QOL improved significantly 3 months after the operation in both groups (p < 0.001). Moderate disability occurred more frequently in the control group than in the MB group (14.5% vs 7.7%, p = 0.004). No @entity1 , adverse effects, or complications were found in the group of @entity0 treated with MB injection. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of MB (1 ml 0.5%) for coating the dura and surrounding tissues (facet and muscle) shows promising results in terms of safety, reduction of @entity3 , and functional outcome compared with placebo.

title: Effects of XXXX on postoperative @entity4 and functional outcomes after lumbar open discectomy: a triple-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 is highly prevalent in @entity0 with @entity4 , including @entity2 and @entity4 . Exact prevalence is difficult to estimate, since @entity1 is often underdiagnosed in @entity0 with @entity3 . Results of several studies show that the prevalence of @entity1 exceeds that in the general population, with documented prevalence in those with @entity3 ranging from 1  26% to 50% across studies (median 13%). The association between @entity1 and @entity3 is complex and multifactorial. Many of the traditional risk factors for disease have increased prevalence in @entity0 with @entity4 . In addition to these traditional risk factors, @entity0 with @entity3 have unique risks that might have additive or even synergistic effects. These risks include the use of antipsychotic medication, the effects of adverse social determinants of health, and genetic loading. Despite evidence that rates of @entity1 are increased in individuals with @entity3 , many of these @entity0 are not diagnosed or treated, resulting in increased @entity1 -associated morbidity and mortality. Specific @entity0 factors, provider issues, and systems-level factors contribute to the treatment gap. Interventions at both the clinical and public health levels are needed to successfully address this problem.

title: The epidemiology of @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 is highly prevalent in @entity0 with @entity4 , including @entity2 and @entity4 . Exact prevalence is difficult to estimate, since @entity1 is often underdiagnosed in @entity0 with @entity3 . Results of several studies show that the prevalence of @entity1 exceeds that in the general population, with documented prevalence in those with @entity3 ranging from 1  26% to 50% across studies (median 13%). The association between @entity1 and @entity3 is complex and multifactorial. Many of the traditional risk factors for disease have increased prevalence in @entity0 with @entity4 . In addition to these traditional risk factors, @entity0 with @entity3 have unique risks that might have additive or even synergistic effects. These risks include the use of antipsychotic medication, the effects of adverse social determinants of health, and genetic loading. Despite evidence that rates of @entity1 are increased in individuals with @entity3 , many of these @entity0 are not diagnosed or treated, resulting in increased @entity1 -associated morbidity and mortality. Specific @entity0 factors, provider issues, and systems-level factors contribute to the treatment gap. Interventions at both the clinical and public health levels are needed to successfully address this problem.

title: The epidemiology of XXXX in @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity5 and @entity3 are two major public health problems. It is still uncertain whether an abnormal carotid ultrasonography, either increased @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or plaque thickness, is associated with @entity3 in acute @entity4 @entity0 . To investigate the possible relationships between @entity3 and @entity6 , we evaluated the correlation between carotid @entity2 /plaque thickness and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in acute @entity4 @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 having their first @entity4 within seven days were screened for the study. The @entity2 was scanned approximately 10 mm proximal to the beginning of the dilatation of the carotid bulb. The plaques were measured in both common and internal carotid arteries. The @entity1 was measured at total hip and lumbar spine in the anterior-posterior projection, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: A total of 155 @entity0 were enrolled in the study and the mean age was 68.3    10.34 years. Multiple linear regression analysis reveals that age (P < .001), smoking (P = .016), and @entity3 (P = .001) were significantly associated with increased carotid @entity2 /plaque thickness. Old age, current smoking, and @entity3 were significantly related to @entity2 in acute @entity4 @entity0 . In @entity0 , @entity2 /plaque thickness was significantly related to age (P = .01) and @entity3 (P = .025). In @entity0 , though there was no significant relationship, a trend toward old age and having @entity3 was observed in @entity2 (P = .051, P = .086). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that carotid @entity2 /plaque thickness was inversely related to the @entity1 in female but not in male @entity0 with acute @entity4 .

title: Carotid Intima-Media Thickness is Inversely Related to Bone Density in Female but not in Male XXXX with Acute Stroke.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Emergency nurses must perform accurate and complete comprehensive @entity0 assessments to establish @entity0 treatment needs and expedite care. AIM: To evaluate the impact of a structured approach to emergency nursing assessment following triage, on novice emergency nurses' @entity1 , self-efficacy and perceptions of control. METHODS: Thirty eight early career emergency nurses from five Australian hospitals performed an initial @entity0 assessment in an immersive clinical simulated scenario, before and after undertaking training in HIRAID, an evidence-informed @entity0 assessment framework for emergency nurses. Immediately following each scenario the nurses completed a questionnaire scoring @entity1 , self-efficacy and perceptions of control levels. Paired sample t-tests and effect sizes were calculated. RESULTS: @entity0 @entity1 levels were lower after HIRAID training compared to before undertaking the training (Mean (SD)   =   53.26 (10.76) vs 47.46 (9.96), P   =   0.002). Self-efficacy levels in assessment performance increased (189.32 (66.48) vs 214.06 (51.35), P   =   0.001). There was no change in perceptions of control (31.24 (7.38) vs 30.98 (8.38), P   =   0.829). DISCUSSION: High levels of @entity1 and low levels of self-efficacy are known to be negatively correlated with clinical reasoning skills and performance. CONCLUSION: The effect of HIRAID training on reducing @entity1 and increasing self-efficacy has the potential to improve emergency nurses' assessment performance and the quality and safety of @entity0 care.

title: The impact of HIRAID on emergency nurses' self-efficacy, XXXX and perceived control: A simulated study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is a serious health issue and predisposes individuals to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence in @entity0 has increased worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of a school-based management program based on healthy lifestyle promotion for @entity1 and overweight adolescents in Sousse, Tunisia. METHODS: We conducted a quasi-experimental study among overweight and @entity1 school @entity0 enrolled in 7th and 8th grades in Sousse, Tunisia with two groups, intervention and control. The 1-year intervention was based on promoting healthy eating and physical activity through a collective intervention for all recruited @entity0 and an individual intervention only for @entity1 @entity0 who require intensive managing. Data collection was done before, at the end and at a 4-month follow up of the intervention, both in intervention and control groups. RESULTS: The body mass index Z score decreased significantly from pre-intervention to post-intervention (1.89  0.57 to 1.76  0.63, p<0.001) and from post-intervention to the follow-up (1.76  0.63 to 1.55  0.68, p<0.001) in the intervention group. In the control group, it decreased significantly from pre-intervention to post-intervention but not significantly from post-intervention to follow-up assessment. Calorie intake decreased significantly both in intervention and control groups. CONCLUSION: This project began with introducing a new culture of health management in schools on one side and with increasing awareness of the importance of @entity1 prevention and treatment. The support of authorities for this type of action is very important to guarantee its sustainability.

title: Challenges and results of a school-based intervention to manage excess weight among school XXXX in Tunisia 2012-2014.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the role of digital tomosynthesis (DTS) in the evaluation and treatment of orthopaedic @entity2 @entity0 . DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Level 1 @entity2 center with nonunion referral @entity0 population. @entity0 : Four orthopaedic @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 . INTERVENTION: Three revision surgical procedures and 1 conservative treatment for @entity0 with @entity4 or nonunions. RESULTS: DTS successfully visualized 2 nonunions, 1 refracture, and 1 arthrodesis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Documented @entity3 or nonunion on imaging. CONCLUSIONS: DTS has the potential to be of significant value in the detection and follow-up of @entity3 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: The Utility of Digital Tomosynthesis to the Practicing Orthopaedic XXXX Surgeon: A Case Series.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: For electroporation-based therapies, accurate modeling of the electric field distribution within the target tissue is important for predicting the treatment volume. In response to conventional, unipolar pulses, the electrical impedance of a tissue varies as a function of the local electric field, leading to a redistribution of the field. These dynamic impedance changes, which depend on the tissue type and the applied electric field, need to be quantified a priori, making mathematical modeling complicated. Here, it is shown that the impedance changes during high-frequency, bipolar electroporation therapy are reduced, and the electric field distribution can be approximated using the analytical solution to Laplace's equation that is valid for a homogeneous medium of constant conductivity. METHODS: Two methods were used to examine the agreement between the analytical solution to Laplace's equation and the electric fields generated by 100   s unipolar pulses and bursts of 1   s @entity0 . First, pulses were applied to @entity1 tuber tissue while an infrared camera was used to monitor the temperature distribution in real-time as a corollary to the electric field distribution. The analytical solution was overlaid on the thermal images for a qualitative assessment of the electric fields. Second, @entity1 ablations were performed and the lesion size was measured along the x- and y-axes. These values were compared to the analytical solution to quantify its ability to predict treatment outcomes. To analyze the dynamic impedance changes due to electroporation at different frequencies, electrical impedance measurements (1 Hz to 1 MHz) were made before and after the treatment of @entity1 tissue. RESULTS: For high-frequency bipolar burst treatment, the thermal images closely mirrored the constant electric field contours. The @entity1 tissue lesions differed from the analytical solution by 39.7    1.3 % (x-axis) and 6.87    6.26 % (y-axis) for conventional unipolar pulses, and 15.46    1.37 % (x-axis) and 3.63    5.9 % (y-axis) for high- frequency @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The electric field distributions due to high-frequency, bipolar electroporation pulses can be closely approximated with the homogeneous analytical solution. This paves way for modeling fields without prior characterization of non-linear tissue properties, and thereby simplifying electroporation procedures.

title: Mitigation of impedance changes due to electroporation therapy using bursts of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Eighty-four elderly @entity1 with @entity0 were treated with a once-weekly schedule using 650 cGy per fraction to a total of six fractions. According to the TNM classification there were 8 @entity1 with Stage I, 29 @entity1 with Stage II, 45 @entity1 with Stage III, and 2 @entity1 with @entity2 . Primary surgical treatment included biopsy, that is, truecut needle biopsy or open biopsy in 53 @entity1 and excision biopsy in 13 @entity1 ; the remaining 18 @entity1 had mastectomy. The average age of @entity1 was 69.2 years with the oldest 91 years of age. Ten @entity1 died of concomitant causes during the follow-up period at an average age of 84.5 years. @entity1 included in this report had at least a 36 month follow-up period with the longest being 94 months. Acute reactions were noticeably less than those with daily treatment. Only one of the 36 @entity1 , where the breast was preserved, had severe delayed skin reaction. Of the 37 @entity1 with Stage I and II, 24 were alive and disease-free at the time of reporting. Three died of concomitant causes, 2 are alive with disease, and the remaining 8 @entity1 died of recurrent of progressive disease. There were 45 @entity1 with Stage IIIA and IIIB and in this group 11 are alive and disease-free, 7 died of concomitant causes, 12 died of progressive @entity0 , and the remaining 4 @entity1 are alive with disease. The two remaining Stage IV @entity1 died of their disease. Once-weekly treatment was well tolerated by all @entity1 and the early local control result is encouraging. We are continuing to assess this type of fractionation in selected elderly @entity1 , especially in those who live away from our center.

title: Once weekly irradiation in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Timely initiation and titration of basal @entity4 added on to oral anti- @entity1 drugs contribute to better glycemic control. However, implementation of basal-supported oral therapy in China is not yet clear. This nationwide, prospective, 12-week observational study was designed to explore the current status of basal-supported oral therapy in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 in China. METHODS: Type 2 @entity1 @entity0 with inadequate glycemic control on anti- @entity1 drugs who were to start basal-supported oral therapy with @entity4 glargine at outpatient clinics were enrolled from 134 hospitals in China. Both the decision to initiate basal @entity4 and @entity4 dose adjustment were at the physician's discretion. Fasting plasma @entity3 (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c were measured, and the starting dose of @entity4 were recorded at baseline. Self-monitored fasting capillary blood @entity3 and the adjusting dose of @entity4 were collected during the study. RESULTS: A total of 11  192 out of 13  259 enrolled @entity0 finished the 12-week study. FPG and haemoglobin A1c at basal-supported oral therapy initiation were 11.2  mmol/L and 9.4%, respectively, with @entity4 glargine started at 0.190  IU/kg/day. @entity4 dose was increased 1.8  IU in average within 12 weeks. Fifty-nine percent of the @entity0 achieved fasting capillary blood @entity3  <= 7.0  mmol/L. More @entity0 achieved the @entity3 target in the group with lower baseline FPG level. Notable geographical differences of physicians' treatment habits in the current management of basal-supported oral therapy were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: A great gap between everyday clinical practice and guidelines exists in China, reflected by the delayed initiation, slow dose titration and geographical differences of basal-supported oral therapy management. A concrete guideline of basal-supported oral therapy management is needed in the clinical application. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Status of basal-supported oral therapy in Chinese XXXX 2 @entity1 @entity0 with inadequate glycemic control on oral anti- @entity1 drugs.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Timely initiation and titration of basal @entity4 added on to oral anti- @entity1 drugs contribute to better glycemic control. However, implementation of basal-supported oral therapy in China is not yet clear. This nationwide, prospective, 12-week observational study was designed to explore the current status of basal-supported oral therapy in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 in China. METHODS: Type 2 @entity1 @entity0 with inadequate glycemic control on anti- @entity1 drugs who were to start basal-supported oral therapy with @entity4 glargine at outpatient clinics were enrolled from 134 hospitals in China. Both the decision to initiate basal @entity4 and @entity4 dose adjustment were at the physician's discretion. Fasting plasma @entity3 (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c were measured, and the starting dose of @entity4 were recorded at baseline. Self-monitored fasting capillary blood @entity3 and the adjusting dose of @entity4 were collected during the study. RESULTS: A total of 11  192 out of 13  259 enrolled @entity0 finished the 12-week study. FPG and haemoglobin A1c at basal-supported oral therapy initiation were 11.2  mmol/L and 9.4%, respectively, with @entity4 glargine started at 0.190  IU/kg/day. @entity4 dose was increased 1.8  IU in average within 12 weeks. Fifty-nine percent of the @entity0 achieved fasting capillary blood @entity3  <= 7.0  mmol/L. More @entity0 achieved the @entity3 target in the group with lower baseline FPG level. Notable geographical differences of physicians' treatment habits in the current management of basal-supported oral therapy were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: A great gap between everyday clinical practice and guidelines exists in China, reflected by the delayed initiation, slow dose titration and geographical differences of basal-supported oral therapy management. A concrete guideline of basal-supported oral therapy management is needed in the clinical application. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Status of basal-supported oral therapy in Chinese @entity2 2 XXXX @entity0 with inadequate glycemic control on oral anti- @entity1 drugs.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Timely initiation and titration of basal @entity4 added on to oral anti- @entity1 drugs contribute to better glycemic control. However, implementation of basal-supported oral therapy in China is not yet clear. This nationwide, prospective, 12-week observational study was designed to explore the current status of basal-supported oral therapy in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 in China. METHODS: Type 2 @entity1 @entity0 with inadequate glycemic control on anti- @entity1 drugs who were to start basal-supported oral therapy with @entity4 glargine at outpatient clinics were enrolled from 134 hospitals in China. Both the decision to initiate basal @entity4 and @entity4 dose adjustment were at the physician's discretion. Fasting plasma @entity3 (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c were measured, and the starting dose of @entity4 were recorded at baseline. Self-monitored fasting capillary blood @entity3 and the adjusting dose of @entity4 were collected during the study. RESULTS: A total of 11  192 out of 13  259 enrolled @entity0 finished the 12-week study. FPG and haemoglobin A1c at basal-supported oral therapy initiation were 11.2  mmol/L and 9.4%, respectively, with @entity4 glargine started at 0.190  IU/kg/day. @entity4 dose was increased 1.8  IU in average within 12 weeks. Fifty-nine percent of the @entity0 achieved fasting capillary blood @entity3  <= 7.0  mmol/L. More @entity0 achieved the @entity3 target in the group with lower baseline FPG level. Notable geographical differences of physicians' treatment habits in the current management of basal-supported oral therapy were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: A great gap between everyday clinical practice and guidelines exists in China, reflected by the delayed initiation, slow dose titration and geographical differences of basal-supported oral therapy management. A concrete guideline of basal-supported oral therapy management is needed in the clinical application. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Status of basal-supported oral therapy in Chinese @entity2 2 @entity1 @entity0 with inadequate glycemic control on oral anti- XXXX drugs.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Timely initiation and titration of basal @entity4 added on to oral anti- @entity1 drugs contribute to better glycemic control. However, implementation of basal-supported oral therapy in China is not yet clear. This nationwide, prospective, 12-week observational study was designed to explore the current status of basal-supported oral therapy in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 in China. METHODS: Type 2 @entity1 @entity0 with inadequate glycemic control on anti- @entity1 drugs who were to start basal-supported oral therapy with @entity4 glargine at outpatient clinics were enrolled from 134 hospitals in China. Both the decision to initiate basal @entity4 and @entity4 dose adjustment were at the physician's discretion. Fasting plasma @entity3 (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c were measured, and the starting dose of @entity4 were recorded at baseline. Self-monitored fasting capillary blood @entity3 and the adjusting dose of @entity4 were collected during the study. RESULTS: A total of 11  192 out of 13  259 enrolled @entity0 finished the 12-week study. FPG and haemoglobin A1c at basal-supported oral therapy initiation were 11.2  mmol/L and 9.4%, respectively, with @entity4 glargine started at 0.190  IU/kg/day. @entity4 dose was increased 1.8  IU in average within 12 weeks. Fifty-nine percent of the @entity0 achieved fasting capillary blood @entity3  <= 7.0  mmol/L. More @entity0 achieved the @entity3 target in the group with lower baseline FPG level. Notable geographical differences of physicians' treatment habits in the current management of basal-supported oral therapy were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: A great gap between everyday clinical practice and guidelines exists in China, reflected by the delayed initiation, slow dose titration and geographical differences of basal-supported oral therapy management. A concrete guideline of basal-supported oral therapy management is needed in the clinical application. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Status of basal-supported oral therapy in Chinese @entity2 2 @entity1 XXXX with inadequate glycemic control on oral anti- @entity1 drugs.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To assess age- and sex-related changes in the mortality from @entity1 at the population level. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Methods of descriptive statistics and analysis of qualitative traits were applied. We analyzed 13580 medical certificates of cause of death from @entity1 (all classes of ICD-10). RESULTS: The mortality rate varied with age, the main trend of which was the dynamic growth. Age-specific mortality rates for @entity0 and @entity0 differed from each other: in most ages (20-24, 30-34, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 65-69), the likelihood of mortality was higher in @entity0 , and at the age of 5-9, 15-19, 60-64, 70 and more years in @entity0 . After the standardization of gender differences by age, the mortality risk of @entity2 disappeared (146.74 and 144.16 per 100 thousand for @entity0 and @entity0 , respectively).   There were significant differences in the proportion of @entity1 of all-cause mortality among the population in the groups stratified by age and sex. It is believed that situational factors is a cause of actual prevailing of gender age- and sex-related mortality risks. CONCLUSION: Gender features of age-related risk of mortality from @entity1 are characterized by the multidirectional dynamics of likelihood of mortality and specific weight of @entity1 among all causes of mortality. The actual gender features of age-related risk of mortality from @entity1 are generally caused by situational factors (different age structure and unequal level of the general mortality among male and female population) which disappear after standardization.

title: [Gender and age dependent mortality from XXXX in Azerbaijan].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beta-blocker therapy has mortality benefit in @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity4 and @entity2 , as well as during the perioperative period. These drugs have traditionally been considered contraindicated in @entity0 with reversible @entity6 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of cardioselective beta-blockers in @entity0 with @entity3 or @entity6 . SEARCH STRATEGY: A search of EMBASE, MEDLINE and CINAHL was performed up to May 2002 using the terms: @entity3 *, @entity9 *, respiratory sounds*, wheez*, @entity8 * or obstructive @entity6 *, and adrenergic antagonist*, sympatholytic* or adrenergic receptor block*. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trials of single dose or continued treatment of the effects of cardioselective beta-blockers in @entity0 with reversible @entity6 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two independent reviewers extracted data from the selected articles, reconciling differences by consensus. @entity10 -blockers were divided into those with or without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA). Interventions were: administration of single or continued @entity10 -blocker, and response to @entity7 -agonist given after the study drug. MAIN RESULTS: Nineteen studies on single-dose treatment and 10 studies on continued treatment met the inclusion criteria. Single dose cardioselective beta-blocker produced a 7.46% (95% CI 5.59, 9.32) reduction in FEV1, but with a 4.63% (95% CI 2.47, 6.78) increase in FEV1 with @entity7 -agonist, compared to placebo. Treatment lasting 3 - 28 days produced no change in FEV1 (-0.42%; 95% CI -3.74, 2.91), symptoms or inhaler use, whilst maintaining a 8.74% (95% CI 1.96, 15.52) response to @entity7 -agonist. There was no significant change in FEV1 treatment effect for those @entity0 with @entity6 : single doses -5.28% (95% CI -10.03, -0.54%), continued treatment 1.07% (CI -3.3, 5.44. With continued treatment there was no significant difference in FEV1 response for @entity10 -blockers without ISA compared to those with IS: -3.22% (96%CI -7.79, 1.36) compared to 2.72% (95% CI -2.12, 7.59). Those without ISA produced a 12.0% increase in FEV1 after @entity7 -agonist administration compared to placebo (95%CI 4.12,19.87) while @entity10 -blockers with ISA produced no change compared to placebo (-0.60% [95%CI -13.93, 12.73). These results were obtained in a small number od studies of few @entity0 . The difference was not significant. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Cardioselective beta-blockers given in mild - moderate reversible @entity6 or @entity6 , do not produce adverse respiratory effects in the short term. Given their demonstrated benefit in conditions such as @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity1 , these agents should not be withheld from such @entity0 , but long term safety (especially their impact during an acute exacerbation) still needs to be established.

title: Cardioselective beta-blockers for reversible XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Lipolytic adaptations of @entity0 adipose tissue during late pregnancy, lactation, and dry period were studied in Holsteins. Treatment groups consisted of first lactation daughters of high or low bulls based on Predicted Difference for milk. Heifers were fed either a 60% concentrate, 40% hay diet or a 40% concentrate, 60% hay diet from 0 to 140 d lactation. Feeding a low energy diet for the first 140 d of lactation did not affect adipose tissue lipolytic rates measured in vitro. @entity3 and @entity2 responsiveness of @entity0 adipose tissue increased prior to parturition, increased further in early lactation, then remained elevated during lactation and into the dry period. This responsiveness was unaffected by feeding low energy diets. Basal @entity1 release in high genetic merit heifers was 64, 17, 40, 23, 20, and 42% greater than in low genetic merit heifers at -30, -15, 30, 60, 180, and 349 d about parturition. Response to @entity2 was 15, 20, 18, and 15% greater in high genetic than low genetic merit heifers and response to @entity3 was 12, 20, 14, and 50% greater in high genetic than low genetic merit heifers at 30, 60, 180, and 349 d postpartum. The lack of a dietary energy restriction effect on lipolysis in early lactation suggested that these rates were near the physiological maximum for those animals. Rates of lipolysis were positively related with milk fat production. This study indicates a genetic component in adrenergic regulation of lipolysis in adipose tissue, independent of energy balance, in supporting lactation.

title: Regulation of XXXX adipose tissue metabolism during lactation. 2. Lipolysis response to milk production and energy intake.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Six @entity0 were admitted after erroneous massive intake of @entity6 (70-1200 mg over an interval of 2-12 days). All @entity0 developed classical symptoms of @entity8 within 3 days of the first dose; five @entity0 presented @entity2 and one became stuporous (days 7-10). Two @entity0 developed @entity4 and three had @entity3 (days 8-11). Total thyroid hormone levels in serum on admission ranged 935-7728 nmol/l for T4 (TT4) and 23-399 nmol/l for T3 (TT3). All @entity0 received treatment with @entity1 and @entity5 . @entity9 was also given in 3 cases. Extractive techniques (charcoal haemoperfusion and/or plasmapheresis) were initiated 8-14 days after the first dose of @entity7 . The plasma disappearance rate (K) of TT4 with plasmapheresis was 30 times higher, on average, than under standard medical treatment (M). Also, K of TT4 under haemoperfusion was about five times higher than K under M. K changes for TT3 were higher under haemoperfusion than under plasmapheresis. Furthermore, extractive procedures shortened the average half life of TT4, (from 106.5 +/- 44.6 to 59.7 +/- 20.2 h, p less than 0.05).

title: Massive XXXX intoxication: evaluation of plasma extraction.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deep transverse friction massage (DTFM) is one of several physiotherapy interventions suggested for the management of @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of DTFM for treating @entity3 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, HealthSTAR, Sports Discus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, PEDro, the specialized registry of the Cochrane musculoskeletal group and the Cochrane field of Physical and Related Therapies up to the end of June 2002. The reference list of the trials and key experts in the area were also consulted for additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing therapeutic ultrasound with control or another active intervention in @entity0 with all types of @entity3 , such as @entity5 and extensor carpi radialis @entity3 (i.e. @entity4 or @entity4 or @entity4 humeri), were selected. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers determined the studies to be included based upon the inclusion and exclusion criteria (LB, VR). Data were independently abstracted by two reviewers (VR, LB), and checked by a third reviewer (BS) using a pre-developed form of the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group. The two reviewers, using a validated checklist, assessed the methodological quality of the RCTs and CCTs independently. The pooled analysis was performed using @entity2 ( @entity2 ) for continuous outcomes. MAIN RESULTS: One RCT included @entity0 with ITBFS. DTFM combined with rest, stretching exercises, cryotherapy and therapeutic ultrasound was compared to the control group (rest, stretching exercises, cryotherapy and therapeutic ultrasound only). This trial showed no statistical difference in the three types of @entity1 relief measured after four consecutive sessions of DTFM combined with other physiotherapy modalities for runners. There was a clinically important relative percentage difference in @entity1 while running of 22%. A RCT on ECRT showed no statistical difference in @entity1 relief, grip strength and the three types of functional status measured after 9 consecutive sessions within 5 weeks of DTFM compared with other physiotherapy modalities. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: DTFM combined with other physiotherapy modalities did not show consistent benefit over the control of @entity1 , or improvement of grip strength and functional status for @entity0 with ITBFS or for @entity0 with ECRT. These conclusions are limited by the small sample size of the included RCTs. No conclusions can be drawn concerning the use or non use of DTFM for the treatment of ITBFS. Future trials, utilizing specific ITBFS methods and adequate sample sizes are needed, before conclusions can be drawn regarding the specific effect of DTFM on @entity3 .

title: Deep transverse friction massage for treating XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate race differences in demographics, @entity1 , and vocational outcomes for @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity0 : Seventy-five individuals with @entity2 (13 African American, 62 Caucasian) who requested services from the Missouri Division of Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) over a 2-year period. MEASURES: Demographics (i.e. age, race, level of education), @entity1 (i.e. LOC, @entity3 , length of hospitalization, neuropsychological test scores), VR services provided (e.g. transportation, maintenance, on-the-job training, etc.), and VR outcomes (successfully vs unsuccessfully employed; cost per case). PROCEDURE: All @entity0 completed a standard neuropsychological evaluation and completed VR services (i.e. were followed from enrollment to case closure). HYPOTHESES: African Americans and Caucasians would not differ in demographics or @entity1 , although fewer African Americans would be successfully employed through DVR. ANALYSES: Chi-squares and non-parametric MANOVAs to evaluate race differences in terms of demographics, @entity1 , vocational services provided and vocational outcomes. RESULTS: As hypothesized, there were few race differences in demographics or @entity1 , although African Americans received significantly more transportation services (62 vs 21%). Contrary to hypotheses, there was no difference in the number of successfully employed African Americans (23%) vs Caucasians (18%). CONCLUSIONS: African Americans and Caucasians with @entity2 achieve similar vocational successes if they receive state VR services.

title: Race differences in a sample of vocational rehabilitation clients with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The nut of the Areca catechu palm has long been attributed effects on hunger and the digestive process. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to assess experimentally effects of areca nut on fasting and postprandial energy metabolism, substrate utilization and hunger. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies were undertaken. In study 1, eight Indian @entity0 received bioadhesive gels delivering 0, 5, 10 or 20 mg @entity3 to the buccal sulcus after an overnight fast. Resting energy expenditure and substrate utilization were determined by ventilated hood calorimetry over 6 h during which hunger was rated on five occasions. In study 2, 15 Indian @entity0 received gels delivering 0 or 10 mg @entity3 after consuming a 2.5 MJ meal, and the same protocol was then applied as in study 1. RESULTS: Fasting resting energy expenditures exceeded basal metabolic rate (BMR) by 5.4+/-0.8% (Mean+/-SE) after placebo, and 5.1+/-0.7% after 20 mg @entity3 , but by 0.9+/-0.8% and 0.7+/-0.5% following 5 mg and 10 mg @entity3 , respectively. @entity2 ( @entity1 ) utilization rates rose after areca nut compared to placebo (F(3,252)= 7.3, p< 0.001). Hunger varied across doses (chi(2) = 10.5, p < 0.02), being lowest after 10 mg and highest after 20 mg, and was influenced by interaction of dose with delta resting energy expenditure. In study 2, areca dose interacted with fat-free mass (FFM) to lower by 5.4+/-11.2% the thermic effect of a meal (F(1,28) = 4.9, p = 0.05), and retarded peak 'digestive-phase' thermogenesis by 60 min (F(1,58) = 5.7, p = 0.02). Postprandial delta CHO utilization was greater (F(1,28) = 4.5, p = 0.05), and hunger was lower (chi:(2) = 3.8, p = 0.05), after areca nut. The areca nut altered relationships of hunger to thermic effects of the meal, and to delta substrate utilization, in ways consistent with appetite suppression. CONCLUSION: Areca nut constituents modulate metabolic signals regulating appetite in @entity0 . This concurs with customary belief.

title: Areca nut, energy metabolism and hunger in Asian XXXX .

answer: @entity0