abstract: From 1974 through 1983, 107 @entity0 4 days to 27 years old underwent 115 operations for treatment of @entity7 . Thirty-two @entity0 were @entity0 (1 year old or younger), and 28 of them were newborns. All newborns were seen with @entity6 . Seventy-one @entity0 were seen with @entity1 . @entity2 were present in 72 @entity0 (67%). Resection was performed in 48 @entity0 , patch aortoplasty in 16, bypass of the coarcted segment in 15, and left subclavian @entity3 (LSAFA) in 36. Ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus was simultaneously performed in 28 @entity0 and pulmonary artery banding, in 4. Follow-up was 6 months to 9.2 years. There was a significant difference in aortic cross-clamp time between 26 @entity0 who had resection (37.9 +/- 12.9 minutes) (mean +/- standard deviation) and 32 @entity0 who had LSAFA (22.9 +/- 7.7 minutes) (p less than 0.05). Six @entity0 died within thirty days after operation; 5 of them had resection, and 1 had bypass. Major postoperative complications included @entity5 requiring exploration in 3 @entity0 (2 after resection and 1 after LSAFA) and @entity4 in 1 @entity0 after reoperation (resection) for recurrent @entity7 3 years after patch aortoplasty. Paradoxical @entity1 was observed in 13 @entity0 , and sustained systemic postoperative @entity1 developed in 11 after effective repair of @entity7 . There was no significant difference in early postoperative arm-leg pressure gradients between the types of operation or the various age groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Changing trends in the surgical treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The differential diagnosis of @entity12 constitutes a major problem in surgical pathology. A distinction among @entity1 is sometimes difficult, but this is a situation in which histologic examination of representative tissue will give a diagnosis in the majority of cases. Electron microscopy sometimes contributes to the proper diagnosis of @entity1 . For electron microscopy, fresh samples from 110 cases of @entity1 filed at the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, were examined. The distinguishing ultrastructural appearance of the following @entity0 are discussed: Spindle cell @entity1 ( @entity8 10 cases, @entity0 5, @entity6 5, monophasic @entity4 ). Round cell @entity1 ( @entity3 10 cases, extraskeletal @entity9 1, malignant @entity13 1, @entity11 of soft parts 3, monophasic @entity4 9). @entity1 ( @entity5 24 cases, @entity7 1). @entity1 (myxoid @entity5 8 cases, @entity2 8, extraskeletal @entity10 4). @entity1 with a specific pattern. Using electron microscopy, general analysis of cellular morphology and detection of specific structures are helpful for evaluating these @entity1 . Nevertheless, poorly differentiated @entity1 may still pose a diagnostic dilemma, since their specific features are poorly represented.

title: [An ultrastructural analysis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity12


abstract: We carried out a clinical analysis of @entity4 with bone @entity1 in 141 cases of @entity4 treated between 1965 and 1984. Among these, there were 64 cases of stage D, 45.4% and 55 cases of bone @entity1 at the first visit. Stage D cases were mainly treated with @entity2 . Poorly differentiated @entity5 was observed in 62% of the stage D cases. Elevated pretreatment levels of serum acid phosphatase in the cases of bone @entity1 were found in 47.8-71.4% of @entity0 with poorly differentiated @entity5 . Elevated acid phosphatase levels were also normalized by @entity2 administration in over 60% of cases, regardless of the degree of differentiation. Also, clinical efficacy of @entity2 was observed in more than 80% of stage D cases with any degree of differentiation. The most frequent clinically observed metastatic site was bone. Pain-relieving effects of @entity2 , radiation and @entity6 were observed in 76.3%, 92.3% and 70%, of @entity0 , respectively. The cause of @entity3 in stage D @entity0 was mainly aggravation of metastatic lesions. The period for which @entity2 was effective was 45 months on average in cases who died at stage D. The period from reactivation to @entity3 averaged 16 months, while the period from the beginning of treatment to @entity3 in cases unresponsive to @entity2 was only 11 months on average.

title: [Clinical analysis and treatment of XXXX with bone @entity1 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: We carried out a clinical analysis of @entity4 with bone @entity1 in 141 cases of @entity4 treated between 1965 and 1984. Among these, there were 64 cases of stage D, 45.4% and 55 cases of bone @entity1 at the first visit. Stage D cases were mainly treated with @entity2 . Poorly differentiated @entity5 was observed in 62% of the stage D cases. Elevated pretreatment levels of serum acid phosphatase in the cases of bone @entity1 were found in 47.8-71.4% of @entity0 with poorly differentiated @entity5 . Elevated acid phosphatase levels were also normalized by @entity2 administration in over 60% of cases, regardless of the degree of differentiation. Also, clinical efficacy of @entity2 was observed in more than 80% of stage D cases with any degree of differentiation. The most frequent clinically observed metastatic site was bone. Pain-relieving effects of @entity2 , radiation and @entity6 were observed in 76.3%, 92.3% and 70%, of @entity0 , respectively. The cause of @entity3 in stage D @entity0 was mainly aggravation of metastatic lesions. The period for which @entity2 was effective was 45 months on average in cases who died at stage D. The period from reactivation to @entity3 averaged 16 months, while the period from the beginning of treatment to @entity3 in cases unresponsive to @entity2 was only 11 months on average.

title: [Clinical analysis and treatment of @entity4 with bone XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of @entity14 is well studied in small-animal models, which offer reproducibility and control of confounding variables-factors essential to hypothesis-testing. This presentation first highlights insights into the @entity3 penumbra enabled by a multimodal experimental approach; second, discusses gene expression in @entity3 ; and third, confronts the challenges of neuroprotectant therapy. SUMMARY OF REVIEW: The @entity3 penumbra: Transient (2-hour) middle cerebral artery suture-occlusion in anesthetized @entity2 gives rise to highly consistent neurological and histopathological sequelae. Autoradiographic local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) studies at 2 hours of @entity10 as a region of intermediate CBF @entity6 (20% to 40% of control) surrounding the densely @entity3 core (5% to 20% of control) and constituting one half of the entire lesion. Local @entity9 metabolic rate in the acute penumbra is not reduced despite the critical @entity7 , so that the penumbral metabolism/blood flow ratio is markedly elevated. In contrast, following 1 hour of recirculation, @entity9 metabolism throughout the previously @entity3 hemisphere has become markedly depressed, and the metabolism/flow ratio has pseudonormalized. By correlating these data with histopathology using multimodal image analysis, the probability of @entity12 is shown to be highly determined by the degree of antecedent @entity7 . These animal data agree strikingly with published results in @entity0 with @entity4 studied by positron emission tomography. This remarkable correspondence belies the assertion that data from lower species may not be relevant to @entity0 @entity4 . Gene expression: Perfusion gradients also determine differential patterns of gene expression in @entity3 . This can be demonstrated by correlating in situ hybridization autoradiographs for gene expression with autoradiographic LCBF data and histological @entity12 maps derived from replicate series. In other studies, DNA microarray technology is used to screen for thousands of expressed genes. In the 2-hour middle cerebral @entity10 model with 3-hour recirculation, we have identified 28 known @entity3 - @entity11 response genes that are upregulated and 6 that are downregulated, together with 35 upregulated and 41 downregulated genes newly connected with @entity3 . These findings underscore the enormous complexity of @entity3 biology and suggest possible novel mechanisms for future exploration. NEUROPROTECTION: A desirable neuroprotectant would, in theory, antagonize @entity13 mechanisms. We have explored 2 such therapies of particular promise. Mild @entity5 (32 degrees C target temperature, for 5 hours) is highly neuroprotective even when initiated at the onset of recirculation. Another highly protective agent is @entity0 albumin, administered in doses of 1.25 to 2.5 g/kg--a therapy that reduces @entity12 volume in this @entity3 model by 60% to 65%, markedly diminishes @entity1 , and has a therapeutic window extending to 4 hours. CONCLUSION: The careful study of @entity3 models can yield valuable, clinically relevant insights into the pathophysiology of @entity8 .

title: Adventures in the pathophysiology of XXXX : penumbra, gene expression, neuroprotection: the 2002 Thomas Willis Lecture.

answer: @entity14


abstract: Surgical techniques for the approach to and division of atrioventricular accessory pathways have been designed and perfected during the past 18 years. The standard method of exposure of a single left free wall accessory pathway is by a left atriotomy. All other single accessory pathways are exposed through a right atriotomy. Up to twenty percent of @entity0 with @entity1 harbor multiple atrioventricular accessory pathways. In this subgroup, classic operative techniques, especially the methods of approach, must be combined or modified depending on the specific locations of the accessory pathways encountered. Eighteen of 90 @entity0 operated on for @entity1 at Charlotte Memorial Hospital from August, 1983, through September, 1986, had multiple accessory pathways. Thirty-eight of thirty-nine pathways were successfully divided. One posterior septal accessory pathway reappeared 2 months postoperatively and was catheter ablated. The most frequent combination of atrioventricular accessory pathways included a right free wall and a posterior septal accessory pathway (10 @entity0 ). This combination is approached by a right atriotomy. The posterior septal space dissection is extended onto the right free wall area. Technically the most difficult combination includes a left free wall and a posterior septal accessory pathway (3 @entity0 in the present series). Our preferred approach is begun with a right atriotomy for the posterior septal space dissection, followed by an atrial septotomy to expose the left free wall area. There are other methods, however, that may be advantageous depending on the exact locations of the accessory pathways encountered.

title: Technical considerations in the surgical approach to multiple accessory pathways in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effect of @entity3 on mental state of @entity0 suffering from @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was investigated in a double-blind study. After an initial 2-weeks washout period, the @entity0 were randomly selected to receive either 400 mg @entity3 thrice daily or matched placebo tablets for 12 weeks. Eighteen male and 18 female @entity0 aged 60-88 years were included but 5 @entity0 dropped out during the first 2 weeks of the trial due to poor motivation. Two @entity0 for non compliance and one for protocol violation were further excluded from final analysis. The age and sex distribution of the @entity0 receiving placebo were comparable to those of treated @entity0 . The mean pre-entry severity of @entity2 , as assessed by Folstein's mini mental state (FMMS) and Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatric Scale (SCAGS), was greater in the latter group (p less than 0.05). Although both groups showed slight improvement at the end of 12 weeks' treatment, no significant drug-related progress was observed. However, the @entity4 @entity0 (n = 4) who received @entity3 showed greater improvement (p less than 0.05) than the @entity4 @entity0 (n = 7) who were treated with placebo. No such benefit was observed in @entity3 -treated @entity1 @entity0 . It is, therefore, suggested, that @entity3 (a haemorrheological agent), is probably beneficial only in @entity4 @entity0 , but further long-term studies involving a larger number of @entity0 are required.

title: XXXX in @entity2 : a controlled study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effect of @entity3 on mental state of @entity0 suffering from @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was investigated in a double-blind study. After an initial 2-weeks washout period, the @entity0 were randomly selected to receive either 400 mg @entity3 thrice daily or matched placebo tablets for 12 weeks. Eighteen male and 18 female @entity0 aged 60-88 years were included but 5 @entity0 dropped out during the first 2 weeks of the trial due to poor motivation. Two @entity0 for non compliance and one for protocol violation were further excluded from final analysis. The age and sex distribution of the @entity0 receiving placebo were comparable to those of treated @entity0 . The mean pre-entry severity of @entity2 , as assessed by Folstein's mini mental state (FMMS) and Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatric Scale (SCAGS), was greater in the latter group (p less than 0.05). Although both groups showed slight improvement at the end of 12 weeks' treatment, no significant drug-related progress was observed. However, the @entity4 @entity0 (n = 4) who received @entity3 showed greater improvement (p less than 0.05) than the @entity4 @entity0 (n = 7) who were treated with placebo. No such benefit was observed in @entity3 -treated @entity1 @entity0 . It is, therefore, suggested, that @entity3 (a haemorrheological agent), is probably beneficial only in @entity4 @entity0 , but further long-term studies involving a larger number of @entity0 are required.

title: @entity3 in XXXX : a controlled study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Male @entity0 with 2/3 of the liver removed were administered various drugs and chemical agents demonstrated to be stimulatory to the regenerating liver, mainly as supplements in a basal diet and injected with @entity5 daily for the first 9 days p.o. (overall: 250-350 micrograms/kg), the animals being sacrificed on day 10. @entity1 inhibited liver regeneration in many of the drug-treated groups, the restored organ increments often falling to the range of the injected controls on the basal ration. The adult female displayed a lower sensitivity or more inconsistent responses to several drugs, and generally, @entity1 had a minor effect on the ensuing restored organ increment. As tested with a few agents, the behavior of adults ovariectomized 21 or 35 days prior to partial hepatectomy simulated that of the males. A group of compounds, including @entity6 and @entity7 , among others, was hepatotrophic to @entity0 of either sex and the increments were not altered by intervention of @entity1 . The inhibitory action of @entity5 also extended to males fed the hormone as a dietary supplement. Moderate to high levels of @entity3 or @entity4 administered to females elicited liver increments much greater than those due to the drugs as such. In contrast to the partially hepatectomized series, the intact male displayed @entity2 with test agents but except for few, the inhibition due to @entity1 was lower. The intact female findings with several drugs appeared to be more consistent as compared to the liver increment data.

title: Modification of drug responses in partially hepatectomized XXXX of either sex by steroids.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The 2-hydroxylation of @entity9 ( @entity11 ) correlates strongly with the 4-hydroxylation of @entity14 (D) both in @entity0 volunteers and in vitro comparing @entity0 liver microsomes from different individuals. D competitively inhibits the 2-hydroxylation of @entity11 in vitro suggesting that @entity11 is hydroxylated by the ' @entity14 hydroxylase' which is under monogenic control in @entity0 . We have characterized the effect of drugs on the hydroxylation of @entity11 in @entity0 liver microsomes by measuring the formation of @entity12 with HPLC using fluorescence detection. @entity3 , @entity6 and @entity1 inhibited the hydroxylation of @entity11 competitively indicating interaction with the catalytical site for @entity11 2-hydroxylation. @entity4 and @entity13 at concentrations similar to their Km-values for metabolism did not inhibit @entity11 -hydroxylation. Thus, for these compounds there was a good correspondence between the drugs' capacity to inhibit @entity11 2-hydroxylation competitively in vitro and their apparent metabolism by the ' @entity14 hydroxylase' in vivo in @entity0 . @entity10 , @entity2 , @entity7 and @entity5 also inhibited @entity11 -hydroxylation competitively. @entity10 was an unusually potent inhibitor (apparent inhibition constant Ki = 0.75 microM). @entity7 was also an unusually potent inhibitor (Ki = 0.27 microM) and much more efficient than its isomer @entity5 (Ki = 12 microM). Theophylline could inhibit @entity11 hydroxylation but with atypical kinetics. We suggest that this simple @entity11 in vitro test as well as earlier described inhibition tests with @entity14 , @entity8 and @entity15 can be used to screen if drugs interact with the ' @entity14 hydroxylase' in @entity0 liver.

title: Inhibition of XXXX 2-hydroxylation by drugs in @entity0 liver microsomes.

answer: @entity9


abstract: The 2-hydroxylation of @entity9 ( @entity11 ) correlates strongly with the 4-hydroxylation of @entity14 (D) both in @entity0 volunteers and in vitro comparing @entity0 liver microsomes from different individuals. D competitively inhibits the 2-hydroxylation of @entity11 in vitro suggesting that @entity11 is hydroxylated by the ' @entity14 hydroxylase' which is under monogenic control in @entity0 . We have characterized the effect of drugs on the hydroxylation of @entity11 in @entity0 liver microsomes by measuring the formation of @entity12 with HPLC using fluorescence detection. @entity3 , @entity6 and @entity1 inhibited the hydroxylation of @entity11 competitively indicating interaction with the catalytical site for @entity11 2-hydroxylation. @entity4 and @entity13 at concentrations similar to their Km-values for metabolism did not inhibit @entity11 -hydroxylation. Thus, for these compounds there was a good correspondence between the drugs' capacity to inhibit @entity11 2-hydroxylation competitively in vitro and their apparent metabolism by the ' @entity14 hydroxylase' in vivo in @entity0 . @entity10 , @entity2 , @entity7 and @entity5 also inhibited @entity11 -hydroxylation competitively. @entity10 was an unusually potent inhibitor (apparent inhibition constant Ki = 0.75 microM). @entity7 was also an unusually potent inhibitor (Ki = 0.27 microM) and much more efficient than its isomer @entity5 (Ki = 12 microM). Theophylline could inhibit @entity11 hydroxylation but with atypical kinetics. We suggest that this simple @entity11 in vitro test as well as earlier described inhibition tests with @entity14 , @entity8 and @entity15 can be used to screen if drugs interact with the ' @entity14 hydroxylase' in @entity0 liver.

title: Inhibition of @entity9 2-hydroxylation by drugs in XXXX liver microsomes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A crude extract of @entity2 was obtained by sonication, centrifugation and dialysis, and analyzed by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. CIE analysis, using a high titer purified rabbit antibody anti-brucella fraction, showed that the @entity2 extract contained at least 22 antigens that all moved towards the anode. The antigens of the crude extract able to interact with IgG of @entity0 affected by @entity1 , were identified by means of @entity3 using sheep 125I-anti human IgG. Fifteen sera of @entity0 affected by @entity1 were analyzed by @entity3 and three (Ag6, Ag12, Ag15) of the 22 antigens were able to bind specific human IgG to their corresponding immunoprecipitates. Ag6 was the only one present after one day of the @entity3 plate exposure. After treatment of @entity1 patients with antibiotics for two weeks, the three antigens were still able to bind the specific IgG, after two months of treatment the antigens were reduced to two (Ag6, Ag15), while after ten months only one antigen (Ag6) was still able to bind specific human IgG. The @entity1 titer determined with common methods gave normal values after ten months of therapy. These results suggest that Ag6 is the most important antigen specific for human IgG. A preliminary determination of the molecular weight range of these antigens was carried out by a combination of size exclusion chromatography and CIE analysis. The Kav values were all above 66 kD.

title: Immunochemical identification of antigens of @entity2 by means of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A crude extract of @entity2 was obtained by sonication, centrifugation and dialysis, and analyzed by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. CIE analysis, using a high titer purified rabbit antibody anti-brucella fraction, showed that the @entity2 extract contained at least 22 antigens that all moved towards the anode. The antigens of the crude extract able to interact with IgG of @entity0 affected by @entity1 , were identified by means of @entity3 using sheep 125I-anti human IgG. Fifteen sera of @entity0 affected by @entity1 were analyzed by @entity3 and three (Ag6, Ag12, Ag15) of the 22 antigens were able to bind specific human IgG to their corresponding immunoprecipitates. Ag6 was the only one present after one day of the @entity3 plate exposure. After treatment of @entity1 patients with antibiotics for two weeks, the three antigens were still able to bind the specific IgG, after two months of treatment the antigens were reduced to two (Ag6, Ag15), while after ten months only one antigen (Ag6) was still able to bind specific human IgG. The @entity1 titer determined with common methods gave normal values after ten months of therapy. These results suggest that Ag6 is the most important antigen specific for human IgG. A preliminary determination of the molecular weight range of these antigens was carried out by a combination of size exclusion chromatography and CIE analysis. The Kav values were all above 66 kD.

title: Immunochemical identification of antigens of XXXX by means of @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Oral electrolyte solutions containing 2.0 - 2.5% @entity3 are now more widely used than intravenous fluids for treatment of @entity5 from @entity2 , especially in developing countries. New products are available, however, and older ones have been reformulated. Oral rehydration experts now recommend a replacement fluid with a @entity4 concentration of 75 to 90 mEq/1. A solution containing 90 mEQ/1 is now used for both maintenance and rehydration. In underdeveloped countries it is also a preferred treatment for @entity6 . In the United States, solutions with 40-60 60 mEQ of @entity4 /liter are widely used for both rehydration and maintenance. Problems with maintenance, however, do occur. After acute @entity5 , continued use of high @entity4 concentrations can be damaging to adults, and especially @entity0 , who exhibit a high insensible water loss. Once the @entity5 has been corrected, high @entity4 concentrate solutions may cause @entity7 or @entity1 . As for administration and dosage, @entity0 with over 10% weight loss should have parenteral fluid replacement, at least initially. For oral rehydration, 40-50 ml/kg of fluid should begin the 1st 20 hours; for severe rehydration 100 ml/kg orally in the 1st 5-6 hours. After rehydration is complete, an oral maintenance solution is given at 150 ml/kg/day. Though homemade @entity3 -electrolyte solutions are inexpensive, errors can occur in mixing or diluting solutions and can have severe consequences. Available oral electrolyte solutions, when used correctly, can be both effective and life-saving.

title: Oral fluids for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Mechanisms related to increased left ventricular filling pressure associated with @entity6 were studied in 13 @entity0 with @entity4 . Single-plane left ventriculograms were obtained using a high fidelity micromanometer-tipped catheter in the control and post-pacing periods. All @entity0 developed typical @entity3 during pacing @entity5 . Seven @entity0 (group I) demonstrated no significant changes in ejection fraction (EF) and peak systolic pressure-end-systolic volume ratio (P/Ves) after rapid pacing. End-diastolic pressure (EDP), however, increased significantly from 14.9 +/- 4.9 to 24.4 +/- 8.5 mmHg (p less than 0.01). Six @entity0 (group II) exhibited significant decreases in EF and P/Ves. Here again, EDP increased significantly from 14.0 +/- 7.6 to 28.0 +/- 7.7 mmHg (p less than 0.01). The regional myocardial function was expressed by a radial coordinate system with its origin at the center of gravity of the end-diastolic contour. In the normal segment, the end-diastolic length (EDL) was augmented by 13.6%, associated with a 22.4% increase in @entity2 excursion with pacing stress. In the @entity1 segment, EDL remained unchanged, but @entity2 excursion was significantly reduced. The diastolic pressure-volume curve shifted directly upward or more to the right, while the diastolic pressure-length curve moved up on the single curve in the normal segment and shifted directly upward in the @entity1 segment, so that pressure was higher at any given segment length in the @entity1 segment, indicating regional alteration of the diastolic properties. Thus, an @entity1 response to pacing @entity5 involves both @entity7 , but the latter is more sensitive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: An analysis of regional left ventricular function utilizing pressure-length relationship in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Mechanisms related to increased left ventricular filling pressure associated with @entity6 were studied in 13 @entity0 with @entity4 . Single-plane left ventriculograms were obtained using a high fidelity micromanometer-tipped catheter in the control and post-pacing periods. All @entity0 developed typical @entity3 during pacing @entity5 . Seven @entity0 (group I) demonstrated no significant changes in ejection fraction (EF) and peak systolic pressure-end-systolic volume ratio (P/Ves) after rapid pacing. End-diastolic pressure (EDP), however, increased significantly from 14.9 +/- 4.9 to 24.4 +/- 8.5 mmHg (p less than 0.01). Six @entity0 (group II) exhibited significant decreases in EF and P/Ves. Here again, EDP increased significantly from 14.0 +/- 7.6 to 28.0 +/- 7.7 mmHg (p less than 0.01). The regional myocardial function was expressed by a radial coordinate system with its origin at the center of gravity of the end-diastolic contour. In the normal segment, the end-diastolic length (EDL) was augmented by 13.6%, associated with a 22.4% increase in @entity2 excursion with pacing stress. In the @entity1 segment, EDL remained unchanged, but @entity2 excursion was significantly reduced. The diastolic pressure-volume curve shifted directly upward or more to the right, while the diastolic pressure-length curve moved up on the single curve in the normal segment and shifted directly upward in the @entity1 segment, so that pressure was higher at any given segment length in the @entity1 segment, indicating regional alteration of the diastolic properties. Thus, an @entity1 response to pacing @entity5 involves both @entity7 , but the latter is more sensitive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: An analysis of regional left ventricular function utilizing pressure-length relationship in XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In a series of 12 @entity2 , the electrophysiologic and histologic effects of a single damped sine-wave shock delivered via standard electrocatheters to the region of the coronary sinus orifice were investigated. Six @entity2 received 200 J and six received 360 J of stored energy. The shock was delivered to two consecutive proximal poles of a standard quadripolar catheter positioned at the coronary sinus orifice and connected to the positive output (anode) of a defibrillator. A disc electrode positioned on the anterior chest wall served as the cathode (negative pole). During the shock, voltage and current were recorded. Electrophysiologic testing was done before and 4 weeks after the shock. At 4 weeks, animals were killed and serial sections of the atrioventricular groove and conduction system were performed. No significant long-term change in atrioventricular conduction, spontaneous or induced @entity6 was observed. However, transient @entity5 was seen in five and @entity8 in six animals in the short term. No persistent electrocardiographic changes were observed, and no sudden @entity1 occurred. Microscopically, transmural @entity0 was inconstant and infrequent. However, transmural @entity0 at the level of the coronary sinus was produced over a 10 +/- 5 mm length with the 200 J shock and a 21 +/- 6 mm length with the 360 J shock. Neither @entity4 nor damage to the conduction system was seen and @entity7 did not occur. However, localized intramural @entity3 (on the endocardial aspect only) was observed in each @entity2 , consistent with @entity9 . With the present technique, @entity0 potentially capable of blocking the effects of accessory pathway conduction could be produced without other electrophysiologic alterations or complications. @entity0 (and therefore to any accessory pathway per se) is probably unlikely. @entity9 may play a significant role in the @entity0 observed in this study.

title: Catheter-mediated electrical ablation of the posterior septum via the coronary sinus: electrophysiologic and histologic observations in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although @entity2 after @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been described, there is little data regarding the association of radiographic severity and particular lesions of @entity1 with the development of @entity2 . We hypothesize that the Rotterdam or Marshall scores and particular @entity1 lesions are associated with the development of @entity2 after @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study. Adult @entity0 with @entity1 who underwent echocardiography between 2003 and 2010 were included. A board-certified neuroradiologist assessed the first computed tomography head, assigning the Rotterdam and Marshall scores and the type of @entity1 . @entity2 was defined as either systolic or all cause based on the first echocardiogram after @entity1 . Demographic, radiological, and clinical variables were used in our analysis. RESULTS: A total of 139 @entity0 were identified, with 20 having isolated @entity2 . The Marshall and Rotterdam scores were not associated with the development of @entity2 . Only head Abbreviated Injury Scale was found to be an independent predictor of systolic @entity2 (relative risk: 2.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.19-6.13; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: No specific radiographic variable was found to be an independent predictor of @entity2 . Further study into clinical or radiological features that would warrant an echocardiogram is warranted, as it may direct @entity0 management.

title: Radiographic and Clinical Predictors of Cardiac Dysfunction Following Isolated XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There is a paucity of information on cardiovascular responses with regard to the disease stage of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) when using an exercise test. Our purpose was to examine whether cardiovascular responses to the treadmill exercise test differed among @entity0 with @entity1 who have different disease severity. METHODS: Forty-five subjects with @entity1 were studied (34 @entity0 and 11 @entity0 ). The subjects underwent a treadmill exercise test using a modified Bruce protocol. Resting @entity2 ( @entity2 ), resting blood pressure (BP), maximal @entity2 , maximal BP, exercise duration, maximum percentage @entity2 and METs achieved after the treadmill exercise test were studied. RESULTS: Seventeen subjects were in Hoehn and Yahr Staging Scale (HY) 2, 16 were in HY 2.5, and 12 were in HY 3. @entity2 increased significantly in all three stages. Systolic BP increased significantly in the HY 2 and 2.5, but not the HY 3. Diastolic BP did not change in any stage. Resting @entity2 was lower in the HY 2 compared to the HY 3 and resting systolic BP was higher in HY 2 compared to the HY 2.5. The three HY stages were not different in exercise duration, @entity2 and BP responses, maximum percentage @entity2 achieved, and METs achieved. Fatigue was a primary reason to discontinue the test. There were no fall incidents in any of the tests. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular responses to the treadmill exercise test did not vary with disease severity. Treadmill exercise tests were safe to perform in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Treadmill exercise tests in @entity0 with XXXX : responses and disease severity.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There is a paucity of information on cardiovascular responses with regard to the disease stage of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) when using an exercise test. Our purpose was to examine whether cardiovascular responses to the treadmill exercise test differed among @entity0 with @entity1 who have different disease severity. METHODS: Forty-five subjects with @entity1 were studied (34 @entity0 and 11 @entity0 ). The subjects underwent a treadmill exercise test using a modified Bruce protocol. Resting @entity2 ( @entity2 ), resting blood pressure (BP), maximal @entity2 , maximal BP, exercise duration, maximum percentage @entity2 and METs achieved after the treadmill exercise test were studied. RESULTS: Seventeen subjects were in Hoehn and Yahr Staging Scale (HY) 2, 16 were in HY 2.5, and 12 were in HY 3. @entity2 increased significantly in all three stages. Systolic BP increased significantly in the HY 2 and 2.5, but not the HY 3. Diastolic BP did not change in any stage. Resting @entity2 was lower in the HY 2 compared to the HY 3 and resting systolic BP was higher in HY 2 compared to the HY 2.5. The three HY stages were not different in exercise duration, @entity2 and BP responses, maximum percentage @entity2 achieved, and METs achieved. Fatigue was a primary reason to discontinue the test. There were no fall incidents in any of the tests. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular responses to the treadmill exercise test did not vary with disease severity. Treadmill exercise tests were safe to perform in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Treadmill exercise tests in XXXX with @entity1 : responses and disease severity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are very few data on characteristics or policies that improve @entity0 outcomes in academic medical institutions. We were interested in 2 such policies or characteristics that are commonly implemented in academic centers: an in-house on-call attending physician policy and the existence of postgraduate medical education. HYPOTHESIS: An in-house attending surgeon on-call policy and the presence of @entity1 and critical care fellowship programs improve outcomes of critically injured @entity0 . DESIGN: Multicenter cohort study. Two cohorts were analyzed: blunt @entity1 (n = 601; mortality, 16.0%) and penetrating @entity2 (n = 503; mortality, 7.5%). SETTING: Thirty-one academic level I @entity1 centers, 10 (32.3%) with in-house on-call policy and 11 (35.5%) with fellowship programs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality, hospital length of stay, and intensive care unit length of stay. RESULTS: In-house on-call surgeon policy had no impact on mortality or length of hospital or intensive care unit stay for either the blunt or penetrating @entity1 cohort. However, the presence of fellowship programs was associated with a significant decrease in blunt @entity1 mortality (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1-0.8) and a decrease in length of intensive care unit stay (mean difference, 4.7 days; 95% CI, 0.6-8.8 days) and hospital stay (mean difference, 3.2 days; 95% CI, 0.6-5.9 days). There were no significant effects of fellowship programs on penetrating @entity1 outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: An in-house on-call attending surgeon policy is not associated with improved outcomes. In contrast, presence of a @entity1 and surgical critical care fellowship program, a potential surrogate marker for an institution that is committed to this specialty interest, is associated with improved outcomes for critically injured @entity0 . An investment in advanced postgraduate medical education has potential benefits in @entity0 care and outcomes.

title: XXXX outcomes in academic medical centers: influence of fellowship programs and in-house on-call attending surgeon.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity8 is one of the most common @entity2 worldwide. Early diagnosis of @entity8 helps in @entity0 triage and timely management of @entity7 .This study was undertaken to note the early clinical features supported by detection of @entity15 antigen for diagnosis of @entity7 . METHODOLOGY: In this study a total of 100 adult @entity0 presenting with clinical features of @entity4 from January 2012 to December 2012 were studied.The diagnosis was confirmed with @entity15 rapid diagnostic test (RDT) whose efficacy was later tested with IgM ELISA. RESULTS: In this study young males were predominantly affected. @entity15 positivity was 68%. The sensitivity of @entity15 in predicting @entity4 compared to IgM was 92.86% and specificity was 90% with strength of agreement considered to be 'very good' based on Kappa statistics. Clinical features like @entity3 , @entity10 , @entity14 , @entity13 and @entity5 manifestations were significantly associated with @entity15 positivity. Similarly icterus, @entity1 , @entity6 , altered sensorium, @entity9 and raised @entity11 were significantly more in @entity15 positive @entity0 . Anomalously, SGOT was more than SGPT, which can help in differentiating @entity7 from other @entity12 early in the course. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity4 , which possesses serious public health problem, can be diagnosed early with the help of clinical features like @entity3 , @entity10 , @entity5 manifestations, @entity9 and anomalously SGOT greater than SGPT that is supported by detection of @entity15 antigen.

title: Catching Dengue Early: Clinical Features and Laboratory Markers of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Interactions between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human @entity4 ligands influence development of natural killer (NK) cell repertoire and response to @entity2 , @entity1 , and allogeneic tissue. As KIRs and HLA class I molecules are highly polymorphic, clinical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is predicted to frequently involve @entity5 mismatch, and thus to provide a unique system for study of @entity0 @entity6 repertoire development. Eighteen @entity3 @entity0 undergoing HLA-matched transplantation and their donors were analyzed for @entity5 genotype. Ten of 13 HLA-identical donor- @entity0 pairs were @entity5 mismatched and 3 were matched; all HLA-matched unrelated pairs were @entity5 mismatched. Reconstitution of recipient NK cell repertoire following transplantation was examined using flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies specific for @entity5 and @entity6 : @entity7 . These data form 3 groups. Six to 9 months after transplantation, 8 @entity0 (group 1) reconstituted an NK cell repertoire resembling that of their donor, and for @entity5 -mismatched transplants, distinct from the recipient before transplantation. In the first year after transplantation, 5 @entity0 (group 2) exhibited a generally depressed frequency of @entity5 -expressing NK cells and concomitant high frequency of @entity6 : @entity7 expression. By 3 years after transplantation, the frequency of @entity5 -expressing NK cells had increased to donor values, in the 3 @entity0 from group 2 analyzed for this period. The remaining 5 @entity0 experienced severe clinical complications following transplantation and displayed unique features in their @entity6 reconstitution. These results demonstrate that a majority of HLA-matched hematopoietic cell transplantations involve @entity5 mismatch and reveal differences in NK cell repertoire having potential impact for immune responsiveness and transplantation outcome.

title: Reconstitution of XXXX repertoire following HLA-matched hematopoietic cell transplantation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: A case-control study of deaths among U.S. railroad workers was conducted to test the hypothesis that @entity1 is associated with exposure to diesel exhaust. Employed and retired male workers with greater than or equal to 10 yr of service who were born on or after January 1, 1900 and who died between @entity3 , 1981 and February 28, 1982 were eligible. We collected 87% of the @entity2 certificates from 15,059 deaths reported to the U.S. Railroad Retirement Board (RRB). Cases of @entity1 (1,256) were matched to controls by age (+/- 2.5 yr) and date of @entity2 (+/- 31 days). Potential exposure to diesel exhaust was assigned based on an industrial hygiene evaluation of jobs and work areas. Each subject's work history was determined from a yearly job report filed by his employer with the RRB from 1959 until @entity2 or retirement. Asbestos exposure prior to 1959 was categorized by the job held in 1959, the end of the steam locomotive era, or by the last job held if retirement occurred before 1959. Smoking histories were obtained by questionnaire from next of kin. Using multiple conditional logistic regression analysis to adjust for smoking and asbestos exposure, workers 64 yr of age or younger at the time of @entity2 with work in a diesel exhaust exposed job for 20 yr had a significantly increased relative odds (odds ratio = 1.41, 95% Cl = 1.06, 1.88) of @entity1 . No effect of diesel exhaust exposure was seen in workers 65 yr of age or older because many of these @entity0 retired shortly after the transition to diesel-powered locomotives.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A case-control study of XXXX and diesel exhaust exposure in railroad workers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Four hundred eight-cell @entity0 embryos were cultured in vitro in either @entity3 (plastic) dishes (Exp. 1) or watch glasses (Exp. 2) to analyze the @entity1 potential of absorbed-retained @entity7 ( @entity5 ). Culture dishes were gas-sterilized with @entity5 equipment and allowed to aerate (21 C) for varying durations. Post-sterilization @entity5 residues, as determined by weight measurement, were eluted from @entity3 dishes at an exponential rate. After 1 wk of aeration, .625 mg @entity5 was retained/g of @entity3 product. To determine the effect of @entity5 residue on in vitro culture, embryos were collected from superovulated donor @entity0 (C57BL/6N), pooled in a modified Dulbecco's @entity4 buffered saline (PBI) medium and then randomly allotted to dishes subjected to various aeration durations. Embryos were cultured in Whitten's medium +3 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA) under a humidified 5% @entity2 in air atmosphere at 37 C. Gross assessments of embryo development were made using standard morphology and quality grading systems and a @entity6 staining assay. In Exp. 1, embryo development was retarded at the 8- to 16-cell stage when less than or equal to 12 h aeration of @entity3 dishes was permitted. Aeration for 24 and 36 h resulted in suboptimal embryo development with fewer (P less than .01) blastocysts and greater degeneration rates at 48 h of in vitro culture compared with the control (manufacturer-packaged dishes, no @entity5 ) and 1-wk aeration treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX potential of absorbed-retained @entity7 residues in culture dishes on embryo development in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Four hundred eight-cell @entity0 embryos were cultured in vitro in either @entity3 (plastic) dishes (Exp. 1) or watch glasses (Exp. 2) to analyze the @entity1 potential of absorbed-retained @entity7 ( @entity5 ). Culture dishes were gas-sterilized with @entity5 equipment and allowed to aerate (21 C) for varying durations. Post-sterilization @entity5 residues, as determined by weight measurement, were eluted from @entity3 dishes at an exponential rate. After 1 wk of aeration, .625 mg @entity5 was retained/g of @entity3 product. To determine the effect of @entity5 residue on in vitro culture, embryos were collected from superovulated donor @entity0 (C57BL/6N), pooled in a modified Dulbecco's @entity4 buffered saline (PBI) medium and then randomly allotted to dishes subjected to various aeration durations. Embryos were cultured in Whitten's medium +3 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA) under a humidified 5% @entity2 in air atmosphere at 37 C. Gross assessments of embryo development were made using standard morphology and quality grading systems and a @entity6 staining assay. In Exp. 1, embryo development was retarded at the 8- to 16-cell stage when less than or equal to 12 h aeration of @entity3 dishes was permitted. Aeration for 24 and 36 h resulted in suboptimal embryo development with fewer (P less than .01) blastocysts and greater degeneration rates at 48 h of in vitro culture compared with the control (manufacturer-packaged dishes, no @entity5 ) and 1-wk aeration treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity1 potential of absorbed-retained XXXX residues in culture dishes on embryo development in vitro.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Auditory brainstem (ABR) and middle latency responses (MLR) were obtained from each ear in 8 @entity1 , 4 @entity3 , 4 @entity4 and 2 @entity2 . Macaques ranged in age from 5 days to 15 years with the 6 older animals in age-matched, male-female pairs. From each animal, latency-intensity functions were obtained and multiple MLR recordings were measured at 60 and 70 dB. Latency-intensity functions, interwave intervals, thresholds and percent detectability were calculated for ABR waveforms. Waves II and IV were largest in amplitude and were most consistently detected at low stimulus intensities in all species tested. Waves I and II had adult latencies in the youngest animal tested (5-day-old macaque), while waves III and IV were prolonged in comparison to the 15-month-old macaque, in whom latencies had reached adult values. There were no apparent sex differences in evoked potentials in the age-matched, male-female pairs. A broad, negative MLR at 7-13 ms was observed in all animals. Longer latency MLRs varied among animals of the same species, but were replicable in some individuals, including the youngest macaque (5 days) and @entity2 (7 months). These data were compared to responses obtained in @entity0 , other primates and other vertebrates.

title: Auditory brainstem and middle latency responses in non- XXXX primates.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although, @entity6 ( @entity1 ) is recognized as a major complication of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with high risk of @entity3 due to refractory/recurrent @entity2 , there is remarkably little literature about treatment outcomes. International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis guidelines advise the use of one to two antibiotics; in addition, we change standard exit-site care by stopping prophylactic @entity9 and starting regular use of @entity4 1% cream. METHODS: Retrospective review of outcomes of Pseudomonas @entity1 from January 2012 to March 2015. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 135 @entity0 were on @entity2 with an overall incidence of any @entity1 of 0.36/ @entity0 -year. There were 14 @entity0 with @entity1 episodes with Pseudomonas with a rate of 0.12/ @entity0 -year. In total, 13 of 14 @entity0 with @entity1 episodes were treated with oral @entity5 and/or intraperitoneal (IP) @entity4 or @entity8 , plus topical @entity4 , with a success rate of 38% (5/13). One @entity0 had @entity4 -resistant Pseudomonas species and was treated successfully with topical polymyxin/ @entity7 cream. Median follow-up time in cured @entity0 was 385 days (range 74-1107). Six @entity0 had associated with @entity2 , four during follow-up and two at initial presentation. Three @entity0 had recurrent @entity1 with Pseudomonas, with one successfully re-treated with topical and IP @entity4 . In total, in only 50% of the @entity0 was Pseudomonas @entity1 successfully treated. Five of the @entity0 (36%) changed modality to permanent haemodialysis following catheter removal. CONCLUSION: Eradication of Pseudomonas @entity1 remains difficult even with the addition of topical @entity4 to the exit site. There should be a low threshold for catheter replacement.

title: XXXX : treatment outcomes with topical @entity4 in addition to systemic antibiotics.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although, @entity6 ( @entity1 ) is recognized as a major complication of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with high risk of @entity3 due to refractory/recurrent @entity2 , there is remarkably little literature about treatment outcomes. International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis guidelines advise the use of one to two antibiotics; in addition, we change standard exit-site care by stopping prophylactic @entity9 and starting regular use of @entity4 1% cream. METHODS: Retrospective review of outcomes of Pseudomonas @entity1 from January 2012 to March 2015. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 135 @entity0 were on @entity2 with an overall incidence of any @entity1 of 0.36/ @entity0 -year. There were 14 @entity0 with @entity1 episodes with Pseudomonas with a rate of 0.12/ @entity0 -year. In total, 13 of 14 @entity0 with @entity1 episodes were treated with oral @entity5 and/or intraperitoneal (IP) @entity4 or @entity8 , plus topical @entity4 , with a success rate of 38% (5/13). One @entity0 had @entity4 -resistant Pseudomonas species and was treated successfully with topical polymyxin/ @entity7 cream. Median follow-up time in cured @entity0 was 385 days (range 74-1107). Six @entity0 had associated with @entity2 , four during follow-up and two at initial presentation. Three @entity0 had recurrent @entity1 with Pseudomonas, with one successfully re-treated with topical and IP @entity4 . In total, in only 50% of the @entity0 was Pseudomonas @entity1 successfully treated. Five of the @entity0 (36%) changed modality to permanent haemodialysis following catheter removal. CONCLUSION: Eradication of Pseudomonas @entity1 remains difficult even with the addition of topical @entity4 to the exit site. There should be a low threshold for catheter replacement.

title: @entity6 : treatment outcomes with topical XXXX in addition to systemic antibiotics.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in severe @entity2 . METHODS: Amniotic membrane transplantation was performed in 14 eyes of 14 @entity0 from four groups: A, five severe ocular burns; B, four cases of @entity4 ; C, three persistent epithelial defects after penetrating keratoplasty; D, two cases of @entity1 . Five @entity0 underwent AMT alone; two @entity0 underwent AMT combined with limbal transplantation; the other three @entity0 had limbal transplantation performed before AMT. Eight @entity0 required combined penetrating keratoplasty. @entity0 with corneal stable reepithelialization, no @entity3 , and no recurrence of the initial pathology were considered successful. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 7+/-3 months. All but three @entity0 underwent corneal reepithelialization within 6 weeks of AMT, with a mean healing time of 31+/-23 days. The success rate was 75% at 6 months (Kaplan-Meier method). Three of four procedures in group B failed. In eight @entity0 , visual acuity improved, in one it worsened, and in the last five @entity0 it remained unchanged. Visual acuity increased by an average of 7+/-9 lines. CONCLUSION: AMT is a useful technique for ocular surface reconstruction, especially in association with limbal transplantation. It could also improve the prognosis of penetrating keratoplasty in @entity0 with severe corneal conditions.

title: [Amniotic membrane transplantation in severe XXXX . Preliminary results].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Studies comparing surgical treatments for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are heterogeneous, using a variety of different quality of life (QOL) outcomes and @entity2 -specific measures. This study sought to evaluate the relationship of these measures to each other, and to better understand their use in evaluating @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS A retrospective study was performed in all @entity0 with @entity3 who underwent either ventral or dorsal cervical spine surgery at a single tertiary-care institution between January 2008 and July 2013. Severity of @entity2 was assessed pre- and postoperatively using both the Nurick scale and the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) classification of disability. Prospectively collected QOL outcomes data included @entity1 Questionnaire (PDQ), @entity0 Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and EQ-5D. Spearman rank correlations were calculated to assess the construct convergent validity for each pair of health status measures (HSMs). To assess each HSM's ability to discriminate favorable EQ-5D index, we performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and assessed the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS A total of 119 @entity0 were included. The PDQ total score had the highest correlation with EQ-5D index (Spearman's rho = -0.82). Neither of the @entity2 scales (mJOA or Nurick) had strong correlations between themselves (0.41) or with the other QOL measures (absolute value range 0.13-0.49). In contrast, the QOL measures correlated relatively well with each other (absolute value range 0.68-0.97). For predicting favorable EQ-5D outcomes, PDQ total score had an AUC of 0.909. The AUCs were significantly greater for the QOL measures in comparison with the @entity2 measures (AUCs were 0.677 and 0.607 for mJOA and Nurick scale scores, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The authors found that all included measures of QOL and @entity3 -specific (mJOA or Nurick scale) measures were valid and responsive. The PDQ was the most predictive of positive QOL after surgery (as measured by the EQ-5D index) for @entity0 with @entity3 . The substantially lower correlation between @entity2 and QOL outcomes, compared with the various QOL measures themselves, suggests that these questionnaires are measuring different aspects of the @entity0 experience. Solely assessing the @entity2 or disease-specific signs and symptoms is likely insufficient to fully understand and appreciate clinical outcome in its totality. These questionnaire types should be used together to best evaluate @entity0 pre- and postoperatively.

title: Correlation of quality of life and functional outcome measures for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the dose-response association between body mass index (BMI) in young adulthood and the risk of mortality caused by unintentional injuries. METHODS: We performed a cohort study including 7   43   398 @entity0 identified by linkage of the Multigeneration Register and the Military Service Conscription Register. Cox regression models were used to examine crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of the relationships between BMI at age 18-20 years and the risk of @entity2 from all unintentional injuries as well as from specific unintentional injuries. We then estimated the population attributable fractions (PAFs)-the proportion of unintentional @entity2 that was attributable to underweight, overweight and @entity1 in this population-based cohort. RESULTS: During 35.9 years of follow-up, 6461 @entity2 occurred from unintentional injuries, including 3064 @entity2 from road injury, 978 from poisoning, 503 from falls, 243 from fire and 348 from drowning. Underweight subjects had a higher risk of mortality in all unintentional injuries (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.10) and mortality in burns (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.13-2.40) compared with BMI between 18.5 and 22.5   kg   m(-2) (reference group). BMI >25   kg   m(-2) was associated with increased risk of @entity2 from all unintentional injuries (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.12-1.65) and road accidents (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.14-1.97). Estimates of @entity3 suggested that 4.4% of the mortality in Swedish @entity0 caused by unintentional injuries could have been avoided if BMI values were kept between 18.5 and 22.5   kg   m(-2). CONCLUSIONS: A U-shaped association was observed between BMI and risk of unintentional @entity2 . Both underweight and overweight were associated with increased mortality risk for all unintentional injuries and for subtype causes. Our study suggests that BMI might be a significant target for preventive interventions on @entity2 caused by unintentional injuries.

title: U-shaped association of body mass index in early adulthood with unintentional mortality from injuries: a cohort study of Swedish XXXX with 35 years of follow-up.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effect on age at @entity0 diagnosis of age at menarche, age at first baby, parity and age at menopause has been determined for 739 unselected @entity1 diagnosed between 1975 and 1980 as having operable @entity0 . Age at diagnosis was significantly and positively associated with ages at menarche, first baby and menopause. The average number of @entity1 significantly declined with increasing age at diagnosis. This was largely due to a change in the proportion of @entity1 who were nulliparous (15% in @entity1 aged 41-50 years compared to about 30% in those over 60 years). A group of 1,989 normal @entity1 whose reproductive history was also collected between 1975 and 1980 showed similar trends between age and age at menarche, age at first baby and parity as the @entity1 . Thus it appears that these reproductive parameters do not alter the time of onset of @entity0 but could be explained by temporal changes in reproductive patterns. There was no significant correlation between age at menopause and age at diagnosis for @entity1 whose age at menopause was no more than 54 years and age at diagnosis no less than 55 years, respectively. It is therefore unlikely that age at menopause affects age at diagnosis. Postmenopausal @entity1 with 3 or more @entity1 had a significantly shorter disease-free interval and lower survival rate than those with less @entity1 . None of the other parameters was associated with prognosis.

title: Influence of reproductive history on age at diagnosis of XXXX and prognosis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Over a total of 1612 @entity0 undergoing surgery for @entity4 , in 6 cases a @entity7 of intrahepatic bile-ducts suggestive of @entity11 was diagnosed. One @entity0 with multiple dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts and @entity6 was treated by external drainage without improvement and died. Two @entity0 were treated by left hepatectomy. One case was treated by right extended @entity2 . One @entity0 with @entity9 and @entity8 oesophageal varices was treated by a distal splenorenal shunt. The last @entity0 showed the association of a @entity10 and @entity7 of the left intrahepatic bile ducts. She was treated by resection of the cyst and biliary-jejunal @entity5 . Five @entity0 had satisfactory recovery from the operation. They are leading a normal life, and are symptom-free. The different forms of treatment are discussed confirming that the best surgical technique on @entity0 with partial @entity7 of bile ducts is liver resection. When the extrahepatic bile ducts are affected, biliary-jejunal diversion is necessary. If a @entity10 is present, the removal of the cyst is the most radical approach. When @entity1 and @entity3 with @entity8 varices are diagnosed, portosystemic shunt is necessary.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX of the biliary system.

answer: @entity7


abstract: One hundred-thirteen @entity0 underwent @entity5 -125 prostate implant and lymphadenectomy at Yale-New Haven Hospital from 1974 through 1980. The distribution by clinical stage was: 7 Stage @entity6 , and 20 Stage C @entity0 . Ninety-four @entity0 had a negative lymphadenectomy (N-) and 19 @entity0 (17%) had @entity1 in the pelvic lymph nodes (N+). The actuarial 5-year survival for all 113 @entity0 was 87% (+/- 6%: 95% confidence limits). Sixty-five percent of our 113 @entity0 are disease free (NED) from 2 to 9 years following implant. Sixty-seven (N-) @entity0 with clinical Stage B disease, whose @entity2 were either well differentiated or moderately well differentiated, have an actuarial 5-year NED survival of 84% (+/- 8%). Twenty (N-) @entity0 with either clinical Stage C disease or poorly differentiated @entity2 have an actuarial 5-year NED survival of only 31% (+/- 20%). For the 19 (N+) @entity0 , the actuarial 5-year NED survival is 38% (+/- 22%). @entity2 control was 85% for all Stage B @entity0 and 75% for all Stage C @entity0 . Only 10 @entity0 (9%) have developed long-term @entity4 following their implant. @entity5 -125 implant appears to be a reasonable alternate form of therapy in highly selected groups of @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: XXXX -125 implants for @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: One hundred-thirteen @entity0 underwent @entity5 -125 prostate implant and lymphadenectomy at Yale-New Haven Hospital from 1974 through 1980. The distribution by clinical stage was: 7 Stage @entity6 , and 20 Stage C @entity0 . Ninety-four @entity0 had a negative lymphadenectomy (N-) and 19 @entity0 (17%) had @entity1 in the pelvic lymph nodes (N+). The actuarial 5-year survival for all 113 @entity0 was 87% (+/- 6%: 95% confidence limits). Sixty-five percent of our 113 @entity0 are disease free (NED) from 2 to 9 years following implant. Sixty-seven (N-) @entity0 with clinical Stage B disease, whose @entity2 were either well differentiated or moderately well differentiated, have an actuarial 5-year NED survival of 84% (+/- 8%). Twenty (N-) @entity0 with either clinical Stage C disease or poorly differentiated @entity2 have an actuarial 5-year NED survival of only 31% (+/- 20%). For the 19 (N+) @entity0 , the actuarial 5-year NED survival is 38% (+/- 22%). @entity2 control was 85% for all Stage B @entity0 and 75% for all Stage C @entity0 . Only 10 @entity0 (9%) have developed long-term @entity4 following their implant. @entity5 -125 implant appears to be a reasonable alternate form of therapy in highly selected groups of @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: @entity5 -125 implants for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: To document the incidence and severity of symptomatic @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity1 , we reviewed the charts of @entity0 with @entity5 seen at @entity0 's Hospital of Pittsburgh between 1951 and 1985. Sixteen met the criteria for IV-S disease, and 11 of these (69%) had massive @entity4 . Five @entity0 had symptoms referable to their liver size including respiratory distress, @entity3 , or decreased urine output. Liver function appeared to be normal or only mildly abnormal in the 9 @entity0 where data were available. Because therapy was so variable, it was not possible to correlate treatment regimen with outcome. However, 3 symptomatic @entity0 who received less than or equal to 600 rad without chemotherapy had prompt subjective responses. Follow-up was available on 10 @entity0 6 months-18 years (median 18 years) from diagnosis. Eight were alive with resolved or resolving @entity4 . High dose (greater than or equal to 3,300 rad) radiation-related side effects included multiple rib @entity2 , @entity6 in one @entity0 , and @entity7 with @entity8 resulting in death of a second @entity0 . Our results support prior recommendations that for symptomatic @entity4 , low doses of radiation be considered.

title: Results of therapy in stage IV-S XXXX with massive @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: To document the incidence and severity of symptomatic @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity1 , we reviewed the charts of @entity0 with @entity5 seen at @entity0 's Hospital of Pittsburgh between 1951 and 1985. Sixteen met the criteria for IV-S disease, and 11 of these (69%) had massive @entity4 . Five @entity0 had symptoms referable to their liver size including respiratory distress, @entity3 , or decreased urine output. Liver function appeared to be normal or only mildly abnormal in the 9 @entity0 where data were available. Because therapy was so variable, it was not possible to correlate treatment regimen with outcome. However, 3 symptomatic @entity0 who received less than or equal to 600 rad without chemotherapy had prompt subjective responses. Follow-up was available on 10 @entity0 6 months-18 years (median 18 years) from diagnosis. Eight were alive with resolved or resolving @entity4 . High dose (greater than or equal to 3,300 rad) radiation-related side effects included multiple rib @entity2 , @entity6 in one @entity0 , and @entity7 with @entity8 resulting in death of a second @entity0 . Our results support prior recommendations that for symptomatic @entity4 , low doses of radiation be considered.

title: Results of therapy in stage IV-S @entity5 with massive XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A bleeding diathesis characterized by in-vitro @entity2 and prolongation of the template bleeding time (TBT) has been reported in @entity0 receiving latamoxef ( @entity5 ), but not @entity6 or @entity4 . Hypoprothrombinaemia has been associated with the use of both latamoxef and @entity4 in seriously ill and malnourished @entity0 . We administered either latamoxef, @entity6 or @entity4 intravenously, at dosages within the range recommended by each manufacturer, to 14 normal volunteers. Latamoxef caused a dose and time dependent @entity2 characterized in vitro by @entity2 to @entity1 and in vivo by prolongation of the template bleeding time. In two out of two subjects, a single 4 g dose of @entity5 caused neither prolongation of template bleeding times nor aggregation abnormalities. Two out of two subjects receiving latamoxef 6 g/day for six days had progressive prolongation of bleeding times to 12 and 15 min. Two additional subjects receiving latamoxef 12 g/day for four days had prolongation of template bleeding times to greater than 20 min. Of four subjects receiving @entity6 12 g/day for seven days, none had prolongation of template bleeding times or @entity2 . Of four subjects receiving @entity4 6 g/day, none had significant prolongation of template bleeding times and one had @entity2 attributed to inadvertent @entity3 ingestion. Prolongation of the prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time did not occur in any of the 14 volunteers. Latamoxef is more likely to interfere with platelet function than either @entity6 or @entity4 .

title: The effects of latamoxef, @entity6 , and XXXX on platelet function and coagulation in normal volunteers.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A bleeding diathesis characterized by in-vitro @entity2 and prolongation of the template bleeding time (TBT) has been reported in @entity0 receiving latamoxef ( @entity5 ), but not @entity6 or @entity4 . Hypoprothrombinaemia has been associated with the use of both latamoxef and @entity4 in seriously ill and malnourished @entity0 . We administered either latamoxef, @entity6 or @entity4 intravenously, at dosages within the range recommended by each manufacturer, to 14 normal volunteers. Latamoxef caused a dose and time dependent @entity2 characterized in vitro by @entity2 to @entity1 and in vivo by prolongation of the template bleeding time. In two out of two subjects, a single 4 g dose of @entity5 caused neither prolongation of template bleeding times nor aggregation abnormalities. Two out of two subjects receiving latamoxef 6 g/day for six days had progressive prolongation of bleeding times to 12 and 15 min. Two additional subjects receiving latamoxef 12 g/day for four days had prolongation of template bleeding times to greater than 20 min. Of four subjects receiving @entity6 12 g/day for seven days, none had prolongation of template bleeding times or @entity2 . Of four subjects receiving @entity4 6 g/day, none had significant prolongation of template bleeding times and one had @entity2 attributed to inadvertent @entity3 ingestion. Prolongation of the prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time did not occur in any of the 14 volunteers. Latamoxef is more likely to interfere with platelet function than either @entity6 or @entity4 .

title: The effects of latamoxef, XXXX , and @entity4 on platelet function and coagulation in normal volunteers.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the value of Daflon in the management of @entity4 in Saudi @entity0 attending the Surgical clinic. METHODS: This is a prospective clinical study of 105 consecutive @entity0 suffering from @entity4 including thrombosed piles. Detailed history and proctoscopic examination to determine position, size, and degree of @entity4 was conducted in all @entity0 attending the Surgical Clinic at Dammam Central Hospital, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The study was conducted over a 6-months period (December 2000 to May 2001). All were started on Daflon; 2 tablets twice daily for 4 weeks and were followed up weekly during the study period and proctoscopic examination was conducted at each consultation. RESULTS: The mean age was 35 (range 19-70) years. The majority (77%) suffered congested @entity4 and only 8% had thrombosed piles. Previous surgery for piles was noted in 11%. Concomitant medical diseases were present in 10%. The degrees of piles were first degree (23 @entity0 ), 2nd degree (73), 3rd degree (9) and 4th degree (0). There was a statistically significant (p<0.001) improvement in @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity1 , and mucosal discharge from baseline to last visit. There was also a significant (p<0.001) improvement on the proctoscopic appearance. Five @entity0 failed to improve on Daflon; therefore, they underwent surgery. The side effects of Daflon (mainly gastrointestinal symptoms) were encountered in 5 @entity0 but did not force interruption of the medication. CONCLUSION: Daflon is a very safe and effective drug in the treatment of all @entity4 in the population of Eastern KSA.

title: Efficacy of Daflon in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Disturbance of neurologic function in disorders of the central nervous system is expressed as altered activation pattern in functional networks after specific tasks, and can be studied by functional imaging modalities, e.g. positron emission tomography (PET). Language, a complex brain function is based on the interplay of a distributed network in which partial functions are executed in various centers and tasks are hierarchically organized according to their complexity. The specialization of different centers and the lateralization of integrative functions into the dominant (usually left) hemisphere is achieved by collateral and transcallosal inhibition of structures of lower order in the network. @entity0 with @entity4 often suffer from @entity6 ; the features and the prognosis of this disturbance is determined by the localization and the extent of the @entity5 in the dominant hemisphere. The preservation of the left superior temporal gyrus or its functional reintegration, respectively, is of utmost importance for the recovery of the deficits and for a satisfactory outcome. Reactivation of this region in repeated PET-activation studies were related to a favorable outcome, activation of other eloquent regions or of contralateral areas were accompanied by some improvements, but never indicated recovery of sufficient speech production. Symptoms develop slowly in @entity0 with @entity1 in the left hemisphere, and the functional network can adapt to the lesion. In these @entity0 a dislocation of areas activated during language tasks was observed, either to ipsilateral regions usually not involved or to contralateral homotopic areas. @entity6 was frequent in cases with activation shift to the subdominant hemisphere, and the right over left asymmetry in activation of the cerebellum was correlated to the severity of @entity2 . The shift of dominance in activation could be reversed after surgical resection of the @entity1 leading to improved speech performance. The patterns of intrahemispheric as well as interhemispheric compensation may be explained by reduction of collateral inhibition of specific centers on other structures within the network (disinhibition): circumscript and/or slowly developing lesions disinhibit surrounding areas leading to increases and to displacements of activated centers; large morphological @entity3 leading to the activation of contralateral regions.

title: [Language activation in XXXX and brain tumor: a PET study].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is common in developing countries and little information about its treatment is available. The aim of this study is to report our experience in the treatment of these cases using a uniform approach. PROCEDURE: @entity0 with @entity5 including orbital extension, preauricular lymph node invasion and/or metastatic disease on diagnosis or after extraocular relapse admitted to the @entity10 Garrahan from August 1987 to December 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity0 were treated according to two different protocols (1987-1993 and 1994-2000). Treatment included: neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy followed by limited surgery in case of orbital extension (enucleation or resection of residual orbital mass) and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy included @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity2 (in protocol 87), @entity11 (in protocol 94), @entity4 (in protocol 87), and @entity9 (in protocol 94). RESULTS: Forty-one @entity0 were included. Fifteen of them had orbital or preauricular disease and had a 5-year event-free survival (pEFS) of 84%. Twenty-six had distant metastatic disease and non survived 5-years. One @entity0 died of @entity1 and one died in complete remission. One @entity0 had a secondary @entity6 . The remaining adverse events included CNS and/or systemic relapse. CONCLUSIONS: This treatment strategy was highly efficacious for @entity0 with orbital and/or lymph node extension. Orbital exenteration is not necessary for these @entity0 . Those @entity0 with distant metastatic or CNS disease were not curable with this approach.

title: Treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A simple model for monitoring ovarian stimulation in in-vitro fertilization cycles was designed using daily serum levels of @entity1 and @entity2 as the only index to determine the day of ovum retrieval. @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin was administered in the evening 2 days after a level of 2500 pmol/l @entity1 in serum was exceeded provided the serum @entity2 level was less than 5 nmol/l. Ovarian stimulation was initiated in 128 @entity0 scheduled for laparoscopic oocyte retrieval. Twelve cycles (9%) were cancelled before ovum pick up due to sub-optimal hormone levels in serum and five for other reasons. In 107 successful laparoscopies, 616 oocytes (mean 5.8 per laparoscopy) were recovered. The cleavage rate after IVF was 65% in the egg replacement group. In 87 @entity0 , a total of 271 cleaved eggs (range 1-6, mean 3.1) were replaced. The most important factor for establishing a pregnancy was the number of eggs replaced at the same time. Clinical pregnancies were achieved after 30% of replacements, increasing to 50% after replacement of 5-6 eggs. The ongoing/delivered pregnancy rate after the 18th week of gestation was 69%. It was concluded that the simple monitoring model used was consistent with a high pregnancy rate and a low rate of cancelled cycles.

title: Pregnancy rate in relation to number of cleaved eggs replaced after in-vitro fertilization in stimulated cycles monitored by serum levels of XXXX and @entity2 as sole index.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A simple model for monitoring ovarian stimulation in in-vitro fertilization cycles was designed using daily serum levels of @entity1 and @entity2 as the only index to determine the day of ovum retrieval. @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin was administered in the evening 2 days after a level of 2500 pmol/l @entity1 in serum was exceeded provided the serum @entity2 level was less than 5 nmol/l. Ovarian stimulation was initiated in 128 @entity0 scheduled for laparoscopic oocyte retrieval. Twelve cycles (9%) were cancelled before ovum pick up due to sub-optimal hormone levels in serum and five for other reasons. In 107 successful laparoscopies, 616 oocytes (mean 5.8 per laparoscopy) were recovered. The cleavage rate after IVF was 65% in the egg replacement group. In 87 @entity0 , a total of 271 cleaved eggs (range 1-6, mean 3.1) were replaced. The most important factor for establishing a pregnancy was the number of eggs replaced at the same time. Clinical pregnancies were achieved after 30% of replacements, increasing to 50% after replacement of 5-6 eggs. The ongoing/delivered pregnancy rate after the 18th week of gestation was 69%. It was concluded that the simple monitoring model used was consistent with a high pregnancy rate and a low rate of cancelled cycles.

title: Pregnancy rate in relation to number of cleaved eggs replaced after in-vitro fertilization in stimulated cycles monitored by serum levels of @entity1 and XXXX as sole index.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The possibility of using electrical discharges to ablate right free wall accessory pathways by delivering a series of catheter shocks near the tricuspid anulus was assessed in a @entity2 model. Before the shock, the amplitudes of the atrial and ventricular electrograms recorded from the distal electrodes were compared (A/V ratio), and the atrial pacing threshold was determined. To assess effects on function and arrhythmogenicity, right heart pressures were measured and programmed ventricular stimulation was performed before the shock and prior to sacrifice 7 to 10 days after the shock. Nine @entity2 received a total of 24 discharges at varying energies (50 to 400 J). Nonsustained @entity6 occurred with 13 shocks (62%) and transient @entity4 with 9 shocks (43%). There was no worsening in @entity3 as determined by right heart pressure measurements or right ventriculography. Programmed ventricular stimulation performed before the shocks and repeated before sacrifice failed to induce @entity5 . The endocardial lesion produced by the shock was roughly circular and its area correlated with both the magnitude of the shock as well as the atrial pacing threshold. Transmural @entity1 always occurred at the anulus when the A/V ratio was between 1.00 and 1.50 and preshock atrial pacing threshold suggested adequate wall contact (less than 1.5 mA). There was mild @entity0 of the adventitia of the right coronary artery near two discharge sites (both 200 J) and @entity0 of the media near one discharge site (400 J); no intimal involvement was seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of catheter-delivered electrical discharges near the tricuspid anulus in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study was undertaken to analyse the distribution pattern of blood elements deposits in 15 cases of vascular prostheses submitted, ex vivo, to reduced blood flow in a @entity1 model. Autologous blood platelets labeled with @entity4 -111 and @entity0 125 Iodinated fibrinogen were injected into the animals. Ten minutes later, the blood flow in the aorta was reduced to 50 ml/min and the prostheses (Woven DeBakey, 30 cm long and 6 mm internal diameter), were implanted as substitutes for the infrarenal abdominal aorta. The blood flow was then reestablished to 50 ml/min and controlled throughout the entire experiment. When a @entity3 occurred, or after 4 hours of @entity2 , the prosthesis was collected, weighted and chemically fixed, and the radioactivity was measured by means of a two-channel gamma scintillation counter. These data were then formatted and processed by a special computer program. Final values were processed for graphical representation and analysed statistically. Results show a lack of correlation between weight of @entity3 , and fibrin deposits retained from one animal to the other. There is, though, an appearance of a complex interrelationship between the mean pattern of longitudinal distribution of these elements, which shall be qualified as contagious distal accumulation of the deposits. The influence of each animals' blood characteristics, as evaluated by means of regression analysis, account for 40 to 60% of the interindividual variance in blood deposits. Data corrections following evidence of undesirable influences due to uncontrolled parameters are presented. This experimental method permits simultaneous graphical representation of the distribution of several elements in the thrombotic matrix, and at the same time an elaborate numerical analysis of their longitudinal distribution and total accumulation. The method is easy to use, does not require sophisticated equipment, and is less expensive than scintigraphy.

title: The statistical analysis of distribution of blood deposits in arterial prostheses after short-term exposure to reduced blood flow in XXXX : a computerized study using radioisotopes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Growth of embryonic @entity2 sternal chondrocytes in the presence of @entity1 ( @entity3 ), a potent @entity0 promoter, resulted in a dramatic morphological change from spherical floating cells to adherent fibroblastic cells. This morphological change was accompanied by a quantitative switch from synthesis of cartilage-specific type II procollagen to type I procollagen. Type II procollagen mRNA levels decreased 10-fold in @entity3 -treated cells. Activation of type I @entity4 genes led to the accumulation of type I procollagen mRNA levels comparable to those of type II mRNA in these cells. However, only type I procollagen mRNA was translated. In addition to gene activation, unprocessed pro alpha 1(I) transcripts present at low levels in control chondrocytes were processed to mature mRNA species. Redifferentiation of @entity3 -treated chondrocytes was possible if cells were removed from @entity3 after the morphological change and cessation of type II procollagen synthesis but before detectable amounts of type I procollagen were synthesized. Production of type I @entity4 thus marks a late phase of chondrocyte "dedifferentiation" from which reversion is no longer possible. Redifferentiated cell populations contained 24-fold more pro alpha 1(II) @entity4 mRNA than pro alpha 1(I) @entity4 mRNA, but the rates of procollagen synthesis were comparable. This suggests that the @entity3 -mediated dedifferentiation of chondrocytes as well as their redifferentiation is under both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation.

title: XXXX expression in embryonic @entity2 chondrocytes treated with phorbol myristate acetate.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Growth of embryonic @entity2 sternal chondrocytes in the presence of @entity1 ( @entity3 ), a potent @entity0 promoter, resulted in a dramatic morphological change from spherical floating cells to adherent fibroblastic cells. This morphological change was accompanied by a quantitative switch from synthesis of cartilage-specific type II procollagen to type I procollagen. Type II procollagen mRNA levels decreased 10-fold in @entity3 -treated cells. Activation of type I @entity4 genes led to the accumulation of type I procollagen mRNA levels comparable to those of type II mRNA in these cells. However, only type I procollagen mRNA was translated. In addition to gene activation, unprocessed pro alpha 1(I) transcripts present at low levels in control chondrocytes were processed to mature mRNA species. Redifferentiation of @entity3 -treated chondrocytes was possible if cells were removed from @entity3 after the morphological change and cessation of type II procollagen synthesis but before detectable amounts of type I procollagen were synthesized. Production of type I @entity4 thus marks a late phase of chondrocyte "dedifferentiation" from which reversion is no longer possible. Redifferentiated cell populations contained 24-fold more pro alpha 1(II) @entity4 mRNA than pro alpha 1(I) @entity4 mRNA, but the rates of procollagen synthesis were comparable. This suggests that the @entity3 -mediated dedifferentiation of chondrocytes as well as their redifferentiation is under both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation.

title: @entity4 expression in embryonic XXXX chondrocytes treated with phorbol myristate acetate.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Non-muscle-invasive @entity4 (NMIBC) is characterized by a tendency for recurrence and capacity for progression. Intravesical instillation therapy has been employed in various clinical settings, which are summarized within this review. Several chemotherapeutic agents have shown clinical efficacy in reducing recurrence rates in the post-transurethral resection of @entity4 (TURBT) setting, including @entity7 ( @entity8 ), @entity6 , and @entity9 . Mounting evidence also supports the use of intravesical @entity8 following nephroureterectomy to reduce later urothelial bladder recurrence. In the adjuvant setting, bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) immunotherapy is an established first-line agent in the management of @entity11 ( @entity11 ) and high-grade non muscle invasive @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Among high and intermediate-risk @entity0 (based on @entity1 grade, size, and focality) improvements in disease-free intervals have been seen with adjunctive administration of @entity8 prior to scheduled BCG dosing. Following failure of first-line intravesical therapy, @entity2 and @entity12 have demonstrated modest activity, though @entity12 remains the only agent currently Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for the treatment of BCG-refractory @entity11 . Techniques to optimize intravesical chemotherapy delivery have also been explored including pharmacokinetic methods such as urinary alkalization and @entity10 . Chemohyperthermia and electromotive instillation have been associated with improved freedom from recurrence intervals but may be associated with increased urinary @entity3 . Improvements in therapeutic selection may be heralded by novel opportunities for genomic profiling and refinements in clinical risk stratification.

title: Intravesical chemotherapy in non-muscle-invasive XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vetiveria zizanioides (VZ) (family: Poaceae), an aromatic plant commonly known as "Vetiver" has been used for various ailments. Concerning the various ailments being listed as the traditional uses of VZ, no mention about @entity2 and memory was found. OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the anxiolytic and memory enhancing activity of ethanolic extract of V. zizanioides (EEVZ) dried roots in @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Activity of EEVZ was assessed using models of @entity2 (elevated plus-maze [EPM], light/dark test, hole board test, marble-burying test) and learning and memory (EPM, passive shock avoidance paradigm). RESULTS: EEVZ at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg b.w. illustrated significant anxiolytic activity indicated by increase in time spent and number of entries in open arm, time spent in lightened area, number of head poking and number marble buried when compared to that of @entity5 (1 mg/kg b.w.), a reference standard. The same treatment showed a significant decrease in transfer latency to reach open arm, shock-free zone, and number of mistakes when compared to that of @entity7 (0.3 mg/kg b.w.). EEVZ in all the doses (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg b.w.) significantly decreased mortality in @entity8 (250 mg/kg b.w.) induced @entity3 and also significantly increases contraction induced by @entity4 on @entity1 ileum preparation. CONCLUSION: The result emanated in the present investigation revealed EEVZ possesses significant anxiolytic and nootropic activity by possibly interplaying with neurotransmitters implicated in @entity6 .

title: Anxiolytic and nootropic activity of Vetiveria zizanioides roots in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 is one of the emerging epidemics. Regular clinical and biochemical monitoring of @entity0 , adherence to treatment and counseling are cornerstones for prevention of complications. Clinical audits as a process of improving quality of @entity0 care and outcomes by reviewing care against specific criteria and then reviewing the change can help in optimizing care. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to audit the process of @entity1 care using @entity0 records and also to assess the effect of audit on process of care indicators among @entity0 availing @entity1 care from a rural health and training center in Puducherry, South India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A record based study was conducted to audit @entity1 care among @entity0 attending noncommunicable disease clinic in a rural health center of South India. Monitoring of blood pressure (BP), blood @entity2 , lipid profile and renal function test were considered for auditing in accordance with standard guidelines. Clinical audit cycle (CAC), a simple management tool was applied and re-audit was done after 1-year. RESULTS: We reviewed 156 and 180 @entity0 records during year-1 and year-2, respectively. In the audit year-1, out of 156 @entity0 , 78 (50%), 70 (44.9%), 49 (31.4%) and 19 (12.2%) had got their BP, blood @entity2 , lipid profile and renal function tests done. Monitoring of blood @entity2 , BP, lipid profile and renal function improved significantly by 35%, 20.7%, 36.4% and 56.1% over 1-year. CONCLUSION: CAC improves process of @entity1 care in a primary care setting with existing resources.

title: Does audit improve XXXX care in a primary care setting? A management tool to address health system gaps.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The accidental release of @entity7 (MIC) in Bhopal, India, was reportedly responsible for the deaths of more than 2,000 @entity0 . To study the pathology of acute inhalation exposure to MIC, the tissues of male and female Fischer 344 @entity2 were evaluated immediately after a single 2-hr exposure to 0, 3, 10, or 30 ppm MIC, and through day 91. Early gross pathologic changes in the 30 ppm-exposed @entity2 included a reddish white encrustation around the mouth and nose, a small thymus, and distension of the gastrointestinal tract with gas. Lungs (middle and median lobes) showed consolidation and @entity4 and failed to deflate when the chest cavity was opened. Microscopic changes in the upper respiratory tract 3 hr after exposure included marked @entity6 and respiratory epithelia from the basement membrane with accumulation of serofibrinous fluid. On day 1, acute @entity1 and fibrinopurulent exudate partially blocked the nasal passages. Epithelial cells had sloughed from the nasopharynx, @entity5 , bronchi, and major bronchioles, leaving the basement membrane covered with fibrin and exudate. @entity1 and intraluminal @entity3 of the airways were observed by day 3, with increased intraluminal @entity3 by day 7. Lower airways became blocked by exfoliated cells, mucous plugs, and/or intraluminal @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Two-hour XXXX inhalation exposure and 91-day recovery: a preliminary description of pathologic changes in F344 @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The accidental release of @entity7 (MIC) in Bhopal, India, was reportedly responsible for the deaths of more than 2,000 @entity0 . To study the pathology of acute inhalation exposure to MIC, the tissues of male and female Fischer 344 @entity2 were evaluated immediately after a single 2-hr exposure to 0, 3, 10, or 30 ppm MIC, and through day 91. Early gross pathologic changes in the 30 ppm-exposed @entity2 included a reddish white encrustation around the mouth and nose, a small thymus, and distension of the gastrointestinal tract with gas. Lungs (middle and median lobes) showed consolidation and @entity4 and failed to deflate when the chest cavity was opened. Microscopic changes in the upper respiratory tract 3 hr after exposure included marked @entity6 and respiratory epithelia from the basement membrane with accumulation of serofibrinous fluid. On day 1, acute @entity1 and fibrinopurulent exudate partially blocked the nasal passages. Epithelial cells had sloughed from the nasopharynx, @entity5 , bronchi, and major bronchioles, leaving the basement membrane covered with fibrin and exudate. @entity1 and intraluminal @entity3 of the airways were observed by day 3, with increased intraluminal @entity3 by day 7. Lower airways became blocked by exfoliated cells, mucous plugs, and/or intraluminal @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Two-hour @entity7 inhalation exposure and 91-day recovery: a preliminary description of pathologic changes in F344 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Millions of disadvantaged youth and returning veterans are enrolled in community colleges. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of @entity0 and help-seeking behaviors among community college students. METHODS: Veterans (n=211) and non-veterans (n=554) were recruited from 11 community colleges and administered screeners for @entity2 (PHQ-9), generalized @entity1 (GAD-7), @entity3 (PC- @entity3 ), non-lethal self-injury, suicide ideation and suicide intent. The survey also asked about the perceived need for, barriers to and utilization of services. Regression analysis was used to compare prevalence between non-veterans and veterans adjusting for non-modifiable factors (age, gender and race/ethnicity). RESULTS: A large proportion of student veterans and non-veterans screened positive and unadjusted bivariate comparisons indicated that student veterans had a significantly higher prevalence of positive @entity2 screens (33.1% versus 19.5%, P<.01), positive @entity3 screens (25.7% versus 12.6%, P<.01) and suicide ideation (19.2% versus 10.6%, P=.01). Adjusting for age, gender and race/ethnicity, veterans were significantly more likely than non-veterans to screen positive for @entity2 (OR=2.10, P=.01) and suicide ideation (OR=2.31, P=.03). Student veterans had significantly higher odds of perceiving a need for treatment than non-veterans (OR=1.93, P=.02) but were more likely to perceive stigma (beta=0.28, P=.02). Despite greater need among veterans, there were no significant differences between veterans and non-veterans in use of psychotropic medications, although veterans were more likely to receive psychotherapy (OR=2.35, P=.046). CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the substantial gap between the prevalence of probable @entity0 and treatment seeking among community college students. Interventions are needed to link community college students to services, especially for student veterans.

title: Prevalence of probable XXXX and help-seeking behaviors among veteran and non-veteran community college students.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine in the field may set the stage for a changing landscape of @entity3 affecting @entity0 worldwide. Norovirus and rotavirus are the two major viral enteropathogens of childhood. This study describes the prevalence of norovirus and rotavirus 2 years after widespread rotavirus vaccination in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Stool samples from hospitalized @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and outpatients aged 5-24 months without @entity2 were recruited from an urban hospital serving Bolivia's third largest city. Both viruses were genotyped, and norovirus GII.4 was further sequenced. Norovirus was found much more frequently than rotavirus. Norovirus was detected in 69/201 (34.3%) of specimens from @entity0 with @entity2 and 13/71 (18.3%) of those without @entity1 . Rotavirus was detected in 38/201 (18.9%) of diarrheal specimens and 3/71 (4.2%) of non-diarrheal specimens. Norovirus GII was identified in 97.8% of norovirus-positive samples; GII.4 was the most common genotype (71.4% of typed specimens). Rotavirus G3P[8] was the most prevalent rotavirus genotype (44.0% of typed specimens) and G2P[4] was second most prevalent (16.0% of typed specimens). This community is likely part of a trend toward norovirus predominance over rotavirus in @entity0 after widespread vaccination against rotavirus.

title: Burden of Norovirus and Rotavirus in XXXX after Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction, Cochabamba, Bolivia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the differences in the neuroretinal rim area (NRA) and ocular haemodynamic parameters in @entity0 with normal-tension @entity4 (NTG) with differing @entity1 ( @entity1 ) values. METHODS: 40 @entity0 (11 males) with NTG (age 61.1 (11.5)) were included in the prospective study. Intraocular pressure (IOP), non-invasive @entity1 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and confocal laser scanning tomography for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) structural parameters were assessed. Non-invasive @entity1 was measured using a novel two-depth Transcranial Doppler device. @entity3 was measured using colour Doppler imaging in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The @entity0 were divided into two groups, @entity1 >=  and <8.3   mm   Hg, based on the statistical median of @entity1 . p Values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: @entity0 with NTG had mean @entity1 8.8 (2.5) mm   Hg, IOP 13.6 (2.1) mm   Hg, @entity5 size 2.3 (0.6) mm(2), NRA 1.2 (0.4) mm(2). Lower @entity1 was correlated with decreased NRA (r=0.51, p=0.001). @entity0 with NTG having @entity1 (N=20) had significantly lower NRA 1.0 (0.3) mm(2), than @entity0 with NTG having higher @entity1 (N=20) 1.3 (0.3) mm(2), p=0.002, although there were no significant differences in @entity5 size (accordingly, 2.2 (0.5) and 2.3 (0.6) mm(2), p=0.55) and IOP (accordingly, 13.5 (2.4) and 13.7 (1.8) mm   Hg, p=0.58). @entity0 with NTG having @entity1 had significantly lower @entity2 blood flow velocities (peak systolic volume (PSV) 28.7 (8.0), end-diastolic volume (EDV) 6.9 (3.0) cm/s), compared with @entity0 with NTG having higher @entity1 (PSV 35.5 (10.2), EDV 9.4 (4.1) cm/s), p<0.04. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with NTG having @entity1 have decreased neuroretinal rim area and @entity2 blood flow parameters compared with @entity0 having higher @entity1 . Further longitudinal studies are needed to analyse the involvement of @entity1 in NTG management.

title: Neuroretinal rim area and ocular haemodynamic parameters in @entity0 with normal-tension XXXX with differing intracranial pressures.

answer: @entity4