abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is often associated with @entity5 . With the absence of @entity2 instruments utilized in the current literature, the assessment of @entity1 is limited, and the effectiveness of surgical intervention in improving such disorders in ENS are not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in @entity4 and @entity3 before and after surgical treatment for ENS STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study in a tertiary medical center. METHODS: ENS @entity0 indicated for surgical treatment were enrolled. The Beck @entity4 Inventory II (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaires were completed by these @entity0 before and after surgery to assess the level of @entity4 and @entity3 . RESULTS: A total of 20 @entity0 completed the BDI-II and BAI before and after surgical treatment. A majority of @entity0 developed @entity4 and @entity3 prior to surgical treatment. The severity of @entity4 and @entity3 were significantly decreased following the surgery; the mean scores of both the BDI-II and BAI improved from moderate severity to normal (both P < .001). The preoperative total score was found to be a powerful predictor for the postoperative improvement in both BDI-II and BAI (P < .001). Female @entity0 had significantly worse preoperative scores (P = .005) and greater postoperative improvement (P = .012) in the BDI-II. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 and @entity3 are @entity1 prevalent among ENS @entity0 . Surgical treatment for ENS is effective in improving @entity4 and @entity3 . @entity0 with worse preoperative BDI-II and BAI scores as well as female @entity0 may be better candidates for surgical intervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Evaluation of XXXX and @entity3 in empty nose syndrome after surgical treatment.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is often associated with @entity5 . With the absence of @entity2 instruments utilized in the current literature, the assessment of @entity1 is limited, and the effectiveness of surgical intervention in improving such disorders in ENS are not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in @entity4 and @entity3 before and after surgical treatment for ENS STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study in a tertiary medical center. METHODS: ENS @entity0 indicated for surgical treatment were enrolled. The Beck @entity4 Inventory II (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaires were completed by these @entity0 before and after surgery to assess the level of @entity4 and @entity3 . RESULTS: A total of 20 @entity0 completed the BDI-II and BAI before and after surgical treatment. A majority of @entity0 developed @entity4 and @entity3 prior to surgical treatment. The severity of @entity4 and @entity3 were significantly decreased following the surgery; the mean scores of both the BDI-II and BAI improved from moderate severity to normal (both P < .001). The preoperative total score was found to be a powerful predictor for the postoperative improvement in both BDI-II and BAI (P < .001). Female @entity0 had significantly worse preoperative scores (P = .005) and greater postoperative improvement (P = .012) in the BDI-II. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 and @entity3 are @entity1 prevalent among ENS @entity0 . Surgical treatment for ENS is effective in improving @entity4 and @entity3 . @entity0 with worse preoperative BDI-II and BAI scores as well as female @entity0 may be better candidates for surgical intervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Evaluation of @entity4 and XXXX in empty nose syndrome after surgical treatment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 @entity3 (bTB), caused by @entity5 ( @entity6 ), is a serious re-emerging disease in both animals and @entity0 . The evolution of the Multi- and Extensively drug-resistant @entity6 strains ( @entity8 and @entity7 ) represents a global threat to public health. Worldwide, the disease is responsible for great economic losses in the veterinary field, serious threat to the ecosystem, and about 3.1% of @entity0 @entity4 cases, up to 16% in Tanzania. Only thorough investigation to understand the pathogen's epidemiology can help in controlling the disease and minimizing its threat. For this purpose, various tools have been developed for use in advanced molecular epidemiological studies of bTB, either alone or in combination with standard conventional epidemiological approaches. These techniques enable the analysis of the intra- and inter-species transmission dynamics of bTB. The delivered data can reveal detailed insights into the source of @entity1 , correlations among @entity0 and @entity2 isolates, strain diversity and evolution, spread, geographical localization, host preference, tracing of certain virulence factors such as antibiotic resistance genes, and finally the risk factors for the maintenance and spread of @entity6 . They also allow for the determination of epidemic and endemic strains. This, in turn, has a significant diagnostic impact and helps in vaccine development for bTB eradication programs. The present review discusses many topics including the aetiology, epidemiology and importance of @entity6 , the prevalence of bTB in @entity0 and animals in various countries, the molecular epidemiology of @entity6 , and finally applied molecular epidemiological techniques.

title: Molecular Epidemiology of @entity5 in @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 @entity3 (bTB), caused by @entity5 ( @entity6 ), is a serious re-emerging disease in both animals and @entity0 . The evolution of the Multi- and Extensively drug-resistant @entity6 strains ( @entity8 and @entity7 ) represents a global threat to public health. Worldwide, the disease is responsible for great economic losses in the veterinary field, serious threat to the ecosystem, and about 3.1% of @entity0 @entity4 cases, up to 16% in Tanzania. Only thorough investigation to understand the pathogen's epidemiology can help in controlling the disease and minimizing its threat. For this purpose, various tools have been developed for use in advanced molecular epidemiological studies of bTB, either alone or in combination with standard conventional epidemiological approaches. These techniques enable the analysis of the intra- and inter-species transmission dynamics of bTB. The delivered data can reveal detailed insights into the source of @entity1 , correlations among @entity0 and @entity2 isolates, strain diversity and evolution, spread, geographical localization, host preference, tracing of certain virulence factors such as antibiotic resistance genes, and finally the risk factors for the maintenance and spread of @entity6 . They also allow for the determination of epidemic and endemic strains. This, in turn, has a significant diagnostic impact and helps in vaccine development for bTB eradication programs. The present review discusses many topics including the aetiology, epidemiology and importance of @entity6 , the prevalence of bTB in @entity0 and animals in various countries, the molecular epidemiology of @entity6 , and finally applied molecular epidemiological techniques.

title: Molecular Epidemiology of XXXX in @entity0 and @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 @entity3 (bTB), caused by @entity5 ( @entity6 ), is a serious re-emerging disease in both animals and @entity0 . The evolution of the Multi- and Extensively drug-resistant @entity6 strains ( @entity8 and @entity7 ) represents a global threat to public health. Worldwide, the disease is responsible for great economic losses in the veterinary field, serious threat to the ecosystem, and about 3.1% of @entity0 @entity4 cases, up to 16% in Tanzania. Only thorough investigation to understand the pathogen's epidemiology can help in controlling the disease and minimizing its threat. For this purpose, various tools have been developed for use in advanced molecular epidemiological studies of bTB, either alone or in combination with standard conventional epidemiological approaches. These techniques enable the analysis of the intra- and inter-species transmission dynamics of bTB. The delivered data can reveal detailed insights into the source of @entity1 , correlations among @entity0 and @entity2 isolates, strain diversity and evolution, spread, geographical localization, host preference, tracing of certain virulence factors such as antibiotic resistance genes, and finally the risk factors for the maintenance and spread of @entity6 . They also allow for the determination of epidemic and endemic strains. This, in turn, has a significant diagnostic impact and helps in vaccine development for bTB eradication programs. The present review discusses many topics including the aetiology, epidemiology and importance of @entity6 , the prevalence of bTB in @entity0 and animals in various countries, the molecular epidemiology of @entity6 , and finally applied molecular epidemiological techniques.

title: Molecular Epidemiology of @entity5 in XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have reported the characteristic dynamic changes at the base of the brain in childhood @entity7 in terms of follow-up angiography. So we have classified the angiographical findings of @entity7 into six stages. However, there have been no report that proved these findings in long-term follow-up. On the other hand, these angiographical findings are mainly observed in @entity0 , we can seldom to find out any changes in adults. We performed long-term follow up angiography in adult cases whose onset was in childhood to clarify the natural course of this disease and to understand the difference between the cases of @entity0 and adults. Eleven cases (4 males and 7 females) of @entity7 were investigated by angiography. Average onset was 5.1 years old. All of them were diagnosed by initial angiography in childhood (average age were 6.5 years old) and they grew up into adolescence (average age were 18.6 years old) at the time of follow-up study. Initial symptoms of them were all @entity2 ( @entity6 7, RIND 2 or @entity3 ). The symptoms at the time of follow-up were @entity5 in 5 @entity0 , slight @entity1 in 1, @entity6 in 2 and normal in 3. Among them, one @entity0 had suffered from @entity4 . The results were as follows: the progression of angiographical stages was observed in 95% of sides. In 71% of sides, angiographical stage was in 5 or 6 which is thought to be an end stage of this disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Long-term follow-up angiography of XXXX --cases followed from childhood to adolescence].

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The shortage of nurses is a global problem. One strategy for producing more registered nurses worldwide and in Israel in particular is to offer graduate entry nursing programs for individuals with non-nursing @entity1 degrees. In order to recruit @entity1 degree holders into the nursing profession, it is important to identify factors that might attract them. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore whether the perception of nurse characteristics by @entity1 degree holders is associated with their interest in enrolling in a graduate entry nursing program or in recommending this program to a family member, and whether ethnic background, gender and interaction with a nurse have an effect on this interest. DESIGN: A cross-sectional quantitative study. SETTINGS: The setting of the study was on the campus of @entity2 Aviv University. @entity0 : A convenience sample of 522 individuals with an @entity1 education, @entity0 and @entity0 , aged 18-60 and equally distributed between Jewish and Arab Israelis, took part in the study. METHODS: @entity0 completed a questionnaire based on the Porter Nursing Image Scale. RESULTS: A moderate positive correlation was found between perception of nurses and interest in nursing (r=0.32, p<0.01). Arab Israelis, @entity0 , and individuals who have or have had interactions with nurses, viewed nurses in a more positive light and had a higher interest in nursing than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts should be made to foster a positive public image of nursing among the population of @entity0 with an @entity1 education. Recruitment strategies should be tailored to each of this population's subgroups.

title: Interest in nursing among XXXX degree holders in Israel: A cross-sectional quantitative study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the suggested contributory factors to the development of dermal @entity1 is a decrease in collagenase activity, which may be related to levels of serum @entity6 ( @entity6 ). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of serum @entity6 levels in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: We measured serum @entity6 concentration in 62 @entity0 with @entity3 , 11 @entity0 with @entity5 , 14 @entity0 with @entity2 , and 22 members of a normal control group. The clinical features of the @entity0 with @entity3 and elevated @entity6 levels were examined. RESULTS: The mean @entity6 level in the @entity0 with @entity3 was significantly higher than that in the members of the control group or the @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity2 . In 44% of the @entity0 with @entity3 the serum @entity6 level was elevated. The mean serum @entity6 level in @entity0 with diffuse cutaneous @entity3 (dSSc) was significantly higher than that in those with limited cutaneous @entity3 . The @entity0 with dSSc and elevated serum @entity6 levels showed a significantly greater incidence of @entity1 and anti-topoisomerase I antibody than those with normal serum @entity6 levels. The @entity6 level and diffusing capacity for @entity4 in the @entity0 with @entity3 were negatively correlated. Increased mitogenic activity on dermal fibroblasts caused by serum from @entity0 with dSSc was partially blocked by anti- @entity6 IgG. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that serum @entity6 level is a useful indicator of disease activity in @entity0 with @entity3 and that @entity6 is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity3 .

title: Serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the suggested contributory factors to the development of dermal @entity1 is a decrease in collagenase activity, which may be related to levels of serum @entity6 ( @entity6 ). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of serum @entity6 levels in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: We measured serum @entity6 concentration in 62 @entity0 with @entity3 , 11 @entity0 with @entity5 , 14 @entity0 with @entity2 , and 22 members of a normal control group. The clinical features of the @entity0 with @entity3 and elevated @entity6 levels were examined. RESULTS: The mean @entity6 level in the @entity0 with @entity3 was significantly higher than that in the members of the control group or the @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity2 . In 44% of the @entity0 with @entity3 the serum @entity6 level was elevated. The mean serum @entity6 level in @entity0 with diffuse cutaneous @entity3 (dSSc) was significantly higher than that in those with limited cutaneous @entity3 . The @entity0 with dSSc and elevated serum @entity6 levels showed a significantly greater incidence of @entity1 and anti-topoisomerase I antibody than those with normal serum @entity6 levels. The @entity6 level and diffusing capacity for @entity4 in the @entity0 with @entity3 were negatively correlated. Increased mitogenic activity on dermal fibroblasts caused by serum from @entity0 with dSSc was partially blocked by anti- @entity6 IgG. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that serum @entity6 level is a useful indicator of disease activity in @entity0 with @entity3 and that @entity6 is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity3 .

title: Serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This qualitative study examines how the @entity1 Nurse Specialist (LCNS) role operates and why they may be able to increase access to treatment. SETTING: 4 Hospital NHS Foundation Trusts in England. DESIGN: A multiple case study design using semistructured interviews, observation and Framework Analysis techniques. @entity0 : Four LCNSs, comprised the 'cases'. Twenty four clinicians who worked with the LCNS participated in individual interviews. Six LCNSs took part in a group interview and 60 @entity1 multidisciplinary team (MDT) members and co-ordinators were observed in the MDT meeting. RESULTS: The LCNS is crucial within the MDT and can act as a catalyst to @entity0 access to treatment. The study identified the clinical activity (assessment, managing symptoms, psychological support and information provision) and role characteristics that can facilitate treatment access. These characteristics are the LCNS's presence across the @entity0 pathway, acting as the 'hub' of the MDT, maintaining a holistic @entity0 focus and working to an advanced level of practice. The findings indicate how factors may have a cumulative impact on treatment access. CONCLUSIONS: If UK @entity0 with @entity1 survival rates are to improve in line with comparable countries, we need to employ every advantage. This study demonstrates how the LCNS role may open doors to positive @entity0 outcomes, including treatment. Further research is required to explore @entity0 ' experiences, decision-making and attitudes to treatment.

title: XXXX treatment rates and the role of the @entity1 nurse specialist: a qualitative study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This qualitative study examines how the @entity1 Nurse Specialist (LCNS) role operates and why they may be able to increase access to treatment. SETTING: 4 Hospital NHS Foundation Trusts in England. DESIGN: A multiple case study design using semistructured interviews, observation and Framework Analysis techniques. @entity0 : Four LCNSs, comprised the 'cases'. Twenty four clinicians who worked with the LCNS participated in individual interviews. Six LCNSs took part in a group interview and 60 @entity1 multidisciplinary team (MDT) members and co-ordinators were observed in the MDT meeting. RESULTS: The LCNS is crucial within the MDT and can act as a catalyst to @entity0 access to treatment. The study identified the clinical activity (assessment, managing symptoms, psychological support and information provision) and role characteristics that can facilitate treatment access. These characteristics are the LCNS's presence across the @entity0 pathway, acting as the 'hub' of the MDT, maintaining a holistic @entity0 focus and working to an advanced level of practice. The findings indicate how factors may have a cumulative impact on treatment access. CONCLUSIONS: If UK @entity0 with @entity1 survival rates are to improve in line with comparable countries, we need to employ every advantage. This study demonstrates how the LCNS role may open doors to positive @entity0 outcomes, including treatment. Further research is required to explore @entity0 ' experiences, decision-making and attitudes to treatment.

title: @entity1 treatment rates and the role of the XXXX nurse specialist: a qualitative study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Using immunohistochemical techniques a small population of @entity4 acetyltransferase ( @entity6 ) immunoreactive (IR) neurones has been identified in the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) of @entity3 (4.6% of all neurones), ferret (6.4%) and @entity0 (0.4%). A detailed study in the @entity3 IMG revealed that the vast majority of cholinergic neurones did not express @entity2 hydroxylase (TH)-IR, indicating that they were non-catecholaminergic. The cholinergic neurones were significantly larger than the TH-positive neurones. The majority of the @entity6 -IR cells (64%) was observed in small clusters which were consistently located in the caudal lobe of the IMG close to the @entity1 . 83% of the @entity6 -IR cells also contained neuropeptide Y (NPY). Since the vast majority of TH-negative cells were @entity6 -positive (94%), the TH negativity was taken as an indirect indication for @entity6 -IR. NPY-IR, @entity5 (SOM)-IR and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-IR were found in both the TH-IR cells (22, 84 and 1%, respectively) and the putative cholinergic population (95, 84 and 70, respectively). Thus the majority of cholinergic neurones in the IMG were likely to contain NPY, SOM and VIP. TH-IR cells exhibited an extensive innervation of fibers immunoreactive for @entity6 , VIP, ENK and NOS. In contrast, only a sparse plexus of @entity6 -, ENK-, NOS-, NPY- and SOM-positive fibres was found around the TH-negative cells. VIP-IR fibres did not appear to innervate @entity6 neurones.

title: XXXX acetyltransferase-immunoreactive neurones in a prevertebral sympathetic ganglion, the inferior mesenteric ganglion.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Gut samples prepared from laboratory-reared tsetse flies and applied in dots onto nitrocellulose (NC) membrane were found to stain the membrane with differing coloration and intensity. The stains were, predominantly, either reddish to brown or blackish-brown to black and occasionally greenish to almost colourless, depending on the stage of digestion of the bloodmeal in the @entity0 . NC membrane strips applied with tsetse gut samples from @entity3 infected and uninfected control flies were tested with the standard antigen detection dot enzyme-linked immunoassay (dot-ELISA), using a T. brucei specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb) and horseradish peroxidase goat anti-mouse conjugate. The stains in both infected and uninfected sample dots persisted through the assay. Furthermore, the staining intensity of some assayed uninfected sample dots were enhanced as a result of non-specific reactivity, making it difficult to distinguish between the infected and uninfected flies. This necessitated the development of a simple technique by which the non-specific stains and reactions could be removed. Sample 'dotted' NC membrane strips were destained by incubation with 5% @entity1 ( @entity2 ) diluted in 5% skimmed milk in Tris buffer, pH 8.0. After washing, the destained strips were tested in the dot-ELISA. This method gave satisfactory reproducible results, since the most intense stains could be removed, and it had no effect on trypanosome antigens detected by a panel of four @entity3 species-specific, three T. vivax species-specific, four T. congolense species-specific and four Nannomonas subgenus-specific MoAbs. Using the destaining process in a modified dot-ELISA, 86 out of 95 (90.5%) of Glossina morsitans centralis flies experimentally infected with @entity3 , were identified. The destaining method was also used successfully to decolorize NC membrane bound tsetse faecal material.

title: XXXX destaining: a new method for removing non-specific stains in nitrocellulose membrane-based dot-ELISA for the detection of trypanosomes in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.).

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 with loss of @entity2 due to @entity1 are impaired at learning from reward. However, it remains unknown precisely which aspect of learning is impaired. In particular, learning from reward, or reinforcement learning, can be driven by two distinct computational processes. One involves habitual stamping-in of stimulus-response associations, hypothesized to arise computationally from 'model-free' learning. The other, 'model-based' learning, involves learning a model of the world that is believed to support goal-directed behaviour. Much work has pointed to a role for @entity2 in model-free learning. But recent work suggests model-based learning may also involve @entity2 modulation, raising the possibility that model-based learning may contribute to the @entity3 in @entity1 . To directly test this, we used a two-step reward-learning task which dissociates model-free versus model-based learning. We evaluated learning in @entity0 with @entity1 tested ON versus OFF their @entity2 replacement medication and in healthy controls. Surprisingly, we found no effect of disease or medication on model-free learning. Instead, we found that @entity0 tested OFF medication showed a marked impairment in model-based learning, and that this impairment was remediated by dopaminergic medication. Moreover, model-based learning was positively correlated with a separate measure of working memory performance, raising the possibility of common neural substrates. Our results suggest that some @entity3 in @entity1 may be related to an inability to pursue reward based on complete representations of the environment.

title: XXXX selectively remediates 'model-based' reward learning: a computational approach.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Common @entity1 are a major cause of long-term sickness absence and a reason for disability benefits, although many @entity0 with these disorders remain employed. Therefore, it is important to prevent them from taking sick leave or relying on disability benefits. Consequently, we wished to identify the factors associated with sickness presence among @entity0 undergoing treatment. METHOD: @entity0 were recruited from @entity0 who met for their first session at a Return to Work clinic. A total of 251 @entity0 completed a questionnaire that included questions on background information, mental health and functioning, and @entity2 . Of these, 49% were fully working, 21.9% were partially working, and 29.1% were on full sickness absence. RESULTS: Fully working @entity0 had fewer symptoms, functioned better, and experienced greater well-being than @entity0 wholly on sick leave. They also experienced work as less demanding, were more appreciative, and had more employment security and autonomy. They reported symptoms, functioning, and well-being at the same level as the partially working group. However, their therapists reported that they functioned better and they themselves considered work demands somewhat less stressful. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that both symptoms and functional capacity, in addition to work environment, are perceived as more favorable among fully working @entity0 , compared with those completely on sick leave. However, because of the cross-sectional design, we need more studies with prospective design to examine whether these relationships are causal, and to examine when sickness presence is beneficial for @entity0 .

title: Sickness absence and presence among employees in treatment for common XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Considerable evidence on @entity1 emergence comes from longitudinal high-risk samples (i.e. younger siblings of @entity0 with @entity1 ). Diagnostic stability to age 3 is very good when diagnosed as early as 18-24   months, but sensitivity is weaker, and relatively little is known beyond toddlerhood. We examined stability and change in blinded, clinical best-estimate diagnosis from age 3 to middle childhood (mean age   =   9.5   years) in 67 high-risk siblings enrolled in infancy. Good agreement emerged for clinical best-estimate diagnoses (89.6% overall; kappa   =   0.76, p   <   0.001, 95% confidence interval   =   0.59-0.93). At age 3, 18 cases (26.9%) were classified with " @entity1 ": 17 retained their @entity1 diagnosis (94.4%; 13 @entity0 , 4 @entity0 ) and 1 no longer met @entity1 criteria at follow-up. Among "non- @entity1 " cases at age 3, 43/49 remained non- @entity1 at follow-up (87.8%; 22 @entity0 , 21 @entity0 ) and 6/49 met lower @entity2 symptomatology criteria ("Later-Diagnosed"; 3 @entity0 , 3 @entity0 ). Later-diagnosed cases had significantly lower @entity1 symptomatology and higher receptive language at age 3 and trends toward lower @entity2 symptoms and higher cognitive abilities at follow-up. Emerging developmental concerns were noted in all later-diagnosed cases, by age 3 or 5. High-risk @entity0 need to be followed up into middle childhood, particularly when showing differences in @entity2 -related domains.

title: Stability and change in XXXX diagnosis from age 3 to middle childhood in a high-risk sibling cohort.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The issue of whether @entity0 who have @entity3 in an otherwise benign polyp should undergo surgical resection of that bowel segment is controversial. We examined the records of 83 @entity0 with such @entity4 that were removed endoscopically between 1978 and 1981. After exclusion of 18 @entity0 from the study for various reasons, our study group consisted of 65 @entity0 who had undergone complete endoscopic removal of 69 @entity4 that contained a malignant process. @entity6 was found in 34 @entity4 , and 3 @entity0 with such @entity4 had a recurrent malignant lesion of the same degree. These recurrent @entity2 were treated successfully by aggressive endoscopic removal. Seventeen @entity4 that contained @entity3 were treated endoscopically without resection, and two @entity0 in this group subsequently had recurrent @entity3 at the site of the original polyp. These recurrent lesions were resected, and neither @entity0 had evidence of nodal @entity1 . Of the 18 @entity0 who underwent immediate resection of @entity3 , 2 had residual @entity3 at the time of the resection, although no lymph node @entity1 was found. We conclude that @entity5 in situ can be treated safely with complete endoscopic removal. @entity3 in a polyp can be treated safely with complete polypectomy, and immediate resection may not be necessary. This group of @entity0 , however, should undergo thorough follow-up studies and periodic endoscopic reexamination.

title: An appraisal of endoscopic removal of malignant XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the era of novel antithrombotic therapy, the optimal treatment for @entity0 with nonvalvular @entity8 ( @entity8 ) or flutter undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is undetermined. STUDY DESIGN: The AVIATOR 2 study is a multicenter prospective observational registry that will enroll approximately 2,500 @entity0 with nonvalvular @entity8 or flutter undergoing PCI starting March 2015 over an 18-month enrollment period. Antithrombotic therapy selection will be at the discretion of the treating physician. An integral feature of this study is the use of a smartphone-based survey to capture physician and @entity0 perspectives regarding antithrombotic therapies after PCI. Survey-derived @entity0 treatment concerns, perceived need, and affordability will be used to calculate the risk of non-adherence. Subjective risk for @entity1 or @entity5 events will be correlated with previously validated risk scores as well as observed event rates at 1, 6, or 12 months post-PCI. ENDPOINTS: The primary efficacy end point will be major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, a composite occurrence of @entity4 , nonfatal @entity6 , @entity2 , stent @entity7 , and clinically driven @entity3 revascularization at 1 year. The primary safety end point will be major @entity5 as per Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria types 2, 3, or 5. The secondary end points will include (i) net adverse clinical events, a composite occurrence of all major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, and major @entity5 at 1 year; (ii) correlation between estimated subjective and objective (CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, stent @entity7 score, HAS-BLED, and ATRIA scores) @entity1 and @entity5 risks; (iii) modes of antithrombotic therapy cessation and their impact on outcomes; and (iv) correlation between observed and expected non-adherence to treatment. SUMMARY: AVIATOR 2 is a real-world registry designed to evaluate @entity1 and @entity5 outcomes according to conventional and novel antithrombotic regimens in @entity0 with nonvalvular @entity8 or flutter undergoing PCI. The study will also provide insights in to physician- and @entity0 -centered factors affecting treatment selection and adherence and their overall impact on clinical outcomes. The study is registered on clinicaltrials.gov NCT02362659.

title: Antithrombotic strategy variability in XXXX and obstructive coronary disease revascularized with PCI-rationale and study design of the prospective observational multicenter AVIATOR 2 registry.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is defined as the loss of muscle mass and function with age and is associated with decline in mobility, frailty, falls and mortality. There is considerable interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms. Our aim was to characterise muscle morphology changes associated with @entity1 among community dwelling older @entity0 . METHODS: One hundred and five @entity0 aged 68-76 years were recruited to the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) for detailed characterisation of muscle including measures of muscle mass, strength and function. Muscle tissue was obtained from a biopsy of the vastus lateralis for 99 @entity0 and was processed for immunohistochemical studies to determine myofibre distribution and area, capillarisation and satellite cell (SC) density. RESULTS: Six (6  %) @entity0 had @entity1 as defined by the European Working Group on @entity1 in Older @entity0 (EWGSOP) criteria. These @entity0 had lower SC density (1.7 cells/mm(2) vs 3.8 cells/mm(2), p   =   0.06) and lower SC/fibre ratio (0.02 vs 0.06, p   =   0.06) than @entity0 without @entity1 . Although @entity0 with @entity1 tended to have smaller myofibres and lower capillary to fibre ratio, these relationships were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: We have shown that there may be altered muscle morphology parameters in older @entity0 with @entity1 . These results have the potential to help identify cell and molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. This work now requires extension to larger studies which also include @entity0 .

title: Skeletal muscle morphology in XXXX defined using the EWGSOP criteria: findings from the @entity1 ( @entity1 ).

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is defined as the loss of muscle mass and function with age and is associated with decline in mobility, frailty, falls and mortality. There is considerable interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms. Our aim was to characterise muscle morphology changes associated with @entity1 among community dwelling older @entity0 . METHODS: One hundred and five @entity0 aged 68-76 years were recruited to the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) for detailed characterisation of muscle including measures of muscle mass, strength and function. Muscle tissue was obtained from a biopsy of the vastus lateralis for 99 @entity0 and was processed for immunohistochemical studies to determine myofibre distribution and area, capillarisation and satellite cell (SC) density. RESULTS: Six (6  %) @entity0 had @entity1 as defined by the European Working Group on @entity1 in Older @entity0 (EWGSOP) criteria. These @entity0 had lower SC density (1.7 cells/mm(2) vs 3.8 cells/mm(2), p   =   0.06) and lower SC/fibre ratio (0.02 vs 0.06, p   =   0.06) than @entity0 without @entity1 . Although @entity0 with @entity1 tended to have smaller myofibres and lower capillary to fibre ratio, these relationships were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: We have shown that there may be altered muscle morphology parameters in older @entity0 with @entity1 . These results have the potential to help identify cell and molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. This work now requires extension to larger studies which also include @entity0 .

title: Skeletal muscle morphology in @entity1 defined using the EWGSOP criteria: findings from the XXXX ( @entity1 ).

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is defined as the loss of muscle mass and function with age and is associated with decline in mobility, frailty, falls and mortality. There is considerable interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms. Our aim was to characterise muscle morphology changes associated with @entity1 among community dwelling older @entity0 . METHODS: One hundred and five @entity0 aged 68-76 years were recruited to the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) for detailed characterisation of muscle including measures of muscle mass, strength and function. Muscle tissue was obtained from a biopsy of the vastus lateralis for 99 @entity0 and was processed for immunohistochemical studies to determine myofibre distribution and area, capillarisation and satellite cell (SC) density. RESULTS: Six (6  %) @entity0 had @entity1 as defined by the European Working Group on @entity1 in Older @entity0 (EWGSOP) criteria. These @entity0 had lower SC density (1.7 cells/mm(2) vs 3.8 cells/mm(2), p   =   0.06) and lower SC/fibre ratio (0.02 vs 0.06, p   =   0.06) than @entity0 without @entity1 . Although @entity0 with @entity1 tended to have smaller myofibres and lower capillary to fibre ratio, these relationships were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: We have shown that there may be altered muscle morphology parameters in older @entity0 with @entity1 . These results have the potential to help identify cell and molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. This work now requires extension to larger studies which also include @entity0 .

title: Skeletal muscle morphology in @entity1 defined using the EWGSOP criteria: findings from the @entity1 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) inhibitor may be therapeutic in @entity0 with relapsed or refractory @entity2 ( @entity2 ). This study examined the prognostic significance of @entity8 and two @entity8 ligands ( @entity6 and @entity9 ) in uniformly treated @entity2 . Diagnostic tissues from 109 @entity2 @entity0 treated with a @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity7 , and @entity5 regimen were evaluated retrospectively by immunohistochemical analysis of @entity6 , @entity9 , and @entity8 expressions. The median follow-up time was 4.91  years (range, 0.17-17.33  years). Thirteen @entity0 (11  %) expressed @entity8 protein in the peritumoral microenvironment, which was associated with poor @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (P   =   0.017). @entity6 or @entity9 expression was not associated with @entity3 . There was no correlation between @entity6 and @entity8 expression or between @entity9 and @entity8 expression. Multivariate analysis identified @entity8 protein as an independent prognostic factor for @entity3 (P   =   0.019). Subgroup analysis according to the Ann Arbor stage of @entity2 showed that @entity8 protein expression had a prognostic value in limited-stage @entity2 (P   =   0.048). @entity8 is an independent prognostic factor in @entity2 and may allow the identification of a subgroup of @entity0 with limited-stage @entity2 who require more intensive therapy and who may benefit from anti- @entity8 agents.

title: Programmed death 1 expression in the peritumoral microenvironment is associated with a poorer prognosis in classical XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the value of @entity4 concentration (IC) in computed tomography data acquired with 80  kVp, as a surrogate for perfusion imaging in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 by comparing @entity4 related attenuation (IRA) with quantitative Volume Perfusion CT (VPCT)-parameters. METHODS: VPCT-parameters were compared with intra-tumoral IC at 5 time points after the aortic peak enhancement (APE) with a temporal resolution of 3.5  sec in untreated 30 @entity2 and 30 @entity3 @entity0 . RESULTS: Intra-tumoral perfusion parameters for @entity2 showed a blood flow (BF) of 52.7        17.0  mL/100  mL/min, blood volume (BV) 12.6        4.3  mL/100  mL, arterial liver perfusion (ALP) 44.4        12.8  mL/100  mL/min. Lesion IC 7  sec after APE was 133.4        57.3  mg/100  mL. Lymphoma showed a BF of 36.8        13.4  mL/100  mL/min, BV of 8.8        2.8  mL/100  mL and IC of 118.2        64.5  mg/100  mL 3.5  sec after APE. Strongest correlations exist for VPCT-derived BF and ALP with IC in @entity2 7  sec after APE (r   =   0.71 and r   =   0.84) and 3.5  sec after APE in @entity3 (r   =   0.77). Significant correlations are also present for BV (r   =   0.60 and r   =   0.65 for @entity2 and @entity3 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We identified a good, time-dependent agreement between VPCT-derived flow values and IC in @entity2 and @entity3 . Thus, CT-derived ICs 7  sec after APE in @entity2 and 3.5  sec in @entity3 may be used as surrogate imaging biomarkers for @entity1 perfusion with 80  kVp. KEY POINTS:     @entity4 concentration derived from low kVp CT is regarded as perfusion surrogate     Correlation with Perfusion CT was performed to elucidate timing and histology dependencies     Highest correlation was present 7  sec after aortic peak enhancement in @entity2     In @entity3 , highest correlation was calculated 3.5  sec after aortic peak enhancement     With these results, further optimization of Dual energy CT protocols is possible.

title: XXXX concentration as a perfusion surrogate marker in oncology: Further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms using Volume Perfusion CT with 80 kVp.

answer: @entity4


abstract: MR angiography using 3D and 2D time-of-flight techniques were used to evaluate pediatric @entity1 . MRA (arteriography) and MRV (venography) were abnormal in 63 and 45 cases, respectively. Conventional cerebral angiography was performed in 30 cases. These techniques were compared with MRI and conventional angiography. In addition, the value of MR angiography for surgical planning was subjectively evaluated. Our results showed that intracranial vessels were invariably better shown on MR angiography than on MRI. MRA and MRV were most useful in evaluating @entity5 related to @entity3 and @entity0 . MRA was valuable in detecting arterial narrowing but overestimated the degree of @entity6 compared with conventional angiography. MRV was the technique of choice for evaluation of dural sinus and @entity2 and compression. MRA played little to no role in preoperative @entity7 and @entity4 . It did not appear to be accurate in assessing @entity0 vascularity or lesions in small arteries and @entity8 .

title: MR angiography in pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To obtain pilot data about the incidence, need for surgical intervention, and demographics of recurrent @entity2 in the United States. DESIGN: Otolaryngologists were surveyed using a questionnaire with structured and open-ended questions. @entity0 : One thousand board-certified otolaryngologists practicing in the United States as of January 1, 1993, through a random mailing list provided by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and all active US members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology and the American Bronchoesophagological Association. A total of 1346 questionnaires were distributed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Physician's responses to questions about their current @entity0 load of @entity0 and adults with recurrent @entity2 , their surgical and anesthetic management of the disease, and their clinical experiences with risk factors for developing recurrent @entity2 . RESULTS: Projected totals for recurrent @entity2 among @entity0 were 2354 new cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 1448 to 3260) and 5970 active cases (95% CI, 3465 to 8474), requiring 16,597 surgical procedures (95% CI, 6938 to 26,255) at a cost of  109 million (95% CI,  45 to 172 million) for @entity3 , 1993 to March 31, 1994. Projected totals for adult recurrent @entity2 were 3623 new cases (95% CI, 2359 to 4887) and 9015 active cases (95% CI, 6435 to 11,591) requiring 9284 surgical procedures (95% CI, 6003 to 12,565) at a cost of  42 million (95% CI,  27 to  59 million) for @entity3 , 1993 to March 31, 1994. The incidence of recurrent @entity2 among @entity0 is estimated at 4.3 per 100,000; among adults, 1.8 per 100,000. The @entity1 laser was favored by 92% of respondents. No consensus was reached on the role for cesarean section. Forty-six percent of respondents favored the use of a laser-safe endotracheal tube for anesthetic management. CONCLUSION: A registry of @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 would benefit future research protocols and provide long-term follow-up of @entity0 .

title: Task force on recurrent XXXX . A preliminary report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In November 1984, due to an accident at a chemical plant, toxic @entity2 gas spread into the town of Geneva, Switzerland, at concentrations over five times the maximal admissible concentration (MAC). Monitoring of atmospheric brome concentrations allowed the determination both of the duration of exposure and the geographical area concerned. Description of the immediate measures taken at the time of the accident illustrates how mass panic reactions can be generated or controlled, and clearly shows the vital importance of an effective communication network: it was lacking in this case and caused further insecurity for the population and isolation of the hospital. Immediate and systematic data collection enabled us to carry out an "acute" epidemiological survey of the accident. It is the first report of mass @entity2 intoxication in the medical literature. 91 @entity0 with symptoms of @entity2 exposure were seen in the outpatient and casualty departments of the cantonal Hospital, but the clinical course was mild and self-limited in nearly all cases. One @entity0 was admitted for 24 hours. The most common symptoms were upper respiratory tract symptoms, cough and @entity1 . In 20-30% of cases these pesisted for more than three days, and sometimes up to one month. Recording the location of @entity0 at the time when their first symptoms occurred made it possible to define the exposed area with precision. When the initial data collected in this "acute" fashion is reliable, it should be possible to undertake more elaborate epidemiological studies at a later stage if necessary.

title: [ XXXX cloud in Geneva. Epidemiologic study of the short-term effects on a population sample].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of drug treatment on laboratory exercise tests in relation to measures of daily activity in @entity0 with @entity1 . SETTING: University teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: 18 @entity0 with mild to moderate @entity1 (New York Heart Association functional class II-III) and 10 age matched healthy controls. METHODS: Assessments were made before and after 12 weeks of vasodilator drug treatment. Exercise capacity was measured during two different types of treadmill exercise, one using a ramp protocol and the other a fixed work load. Corridor walk tests at three self selected speeds were also undertaken and measures of customary activity assessed from pedometer scores. RESULTS: Exercise times were significantly increased from baseline (P < 0.01) with both treadmill protocols after 12 weeks of drug treatment, with a positive correlation between the duration of treadmill exercise for both protocols (r = 0.69, P < 0.01). Corridor walk tests of 100 m at a self selected slow speed also improved (P < 0.02) but these did not correlate with the changes in treadmill exercise time. The pedometer scores of the @entity0 with @entity1 were greatly reduced compared with those of the controls (258 (45) x 10(2) v 619 (67) x 10(2) steps/week, P < 0.001) and after 12 weeks of treatment were unchanged (261 (42) x 10(2) steps/week). CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm the need to use different exercise protocols when assessing the benefits of drug treatment in @entity0 with @entity1 . Treatments that seem effective with conventional laboratory based exercise tests may not improve daily activities. This may reflect a failure of apparently successful treatment and should be considered when interpreting clinical trials.

title: Failure of "effective" treatment for XXXX to improve normal customary activity.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Recent immigration trends have resulted in an increased prevalence of amebic @entity1 in southern states and in many northern American cities. Because amebic @entity1 generally do not require drainage, differentiation from pyogenic @entity1 is important. We, therefore, reviewed the records of @entity0 admitted to the UCLA Medical Center from 1968 through 1983 to compare the clinical manifestations and to access the results of treatment of @entity1 . During this 15 year period, 82 @entity0 (42 pyogenic and 40 amebic) with @entity1 were admitted. Factors which distinguished @entity0 with pyogenic abscesses included: age greater than 50 years; @entity9 ; @entity2 ; @entity4 and @entity10 ; a palpable mass; elevated @entity7 level; elevated alkaline phosphatase level, and abnormal abdominal roentgenograms. @entity0 with @entity11 were more likely to have Mexican ancestry, recently traveled to an endemic area, @entity6 , @entity3 , abdominal tenderness, @entity5 and positive amebic serology. Hepatic scans and ultrasonography were excellent methods of detecting the presence of but not the type of @entity1 . Over-all, the mortality was 40 per cent for @entity0 with pyogenic abscesses whereas all 40 of the @entity0 with an amebic abscess survived. However, operative mortality was only 4.5 per cent for the 22 @entity0 with @entity8 who were managed with systemic antibiotics and surgical drainage. We conclude that many clinical and laboratory parameters can aid in the differentiation and, as a result, management of @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Differentiation of pyogenic from amebic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stimulus deprivation @entity4 is the principal cause of @entity1 in @entity0 with unilateral congenital @entity2 . Even if lensectomy is undertaken at an early age, intensive postoperative occlusion of the phakic eye is essential for the development of useful vision in the aphakic eye. Despite this, the optimum method of regulating occlusion therapy is uncertain. METHODS: Interocular acuity differences identified using clinical preferential looking techniques (Keeler cards) were used to regulate target levels of @entity3 in a prospective evaluation of 10 systemically, metabolically, and neurologically normal @entity0 in whom dense unilateral @entity2 was diagnosed before 8 weeks of age, and operated upon by 10 weeks. @entity3 levels were recorded each day by parents in a diary. The development of preferential looking acuity in the phakic and aphakic eye were compared with prediction intervals derived from observations on 43 normal @entity0 . RESULTS: Aphakic eye preferential looking acuities were within the normal range at last review in all but one @entity0 . Interocular acuity differences were < or = 0.5 octave in all @entity0 older than 1 year of age at last review, and > or = 1 octave in three of four @entity0 less than 1 year old at last review (Fisher exact p = 0.033). Phakic eye acuities were within the normal range in all @entity0 at all visits. CONCLUSION: Within the first 2 years of life, normal preferential looking acuity may be achieved in both eyes of @entity0 undergoing early surgery for unilateral congenital @entity2 if occlusion therapy is modulated according to interocular acuity differences quantified by clinical preferential looking techniques.

title: Modulation of @entity4 therapy following early surgery for unilateral XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stimulus deprivation @entity4 is the principal cause of @entity1 in @entity0 with unilateral congenital @entity2 . Even if lensectomy is undertaken at an early age, intensive postoperative occlusion of the phakic eye is essential for the development of useful vision in the aphakic eye. Despite this, the optimum method of regulating occlusion therapy is uncertain. METHODS: Interocular acuity differences identified using clinical preferential looking techniques (Keeler cards) were used to regulate target levels of @entity3 in a prospective evaluation of 10 systemically, metabolically, and neurologically normal @entity0 in whom dense unilateral @entity2 was diagnosed before 8 weeks of age, and operated upon by 10 weeks. @entity3 levels were recorded each day by parents in a diary. The development of preferential looking acuity in the phakic and aphakic eye were compared with prediction intervals derived from observations on 43 normal @entity0 . RESULTS: Aphakic eye preferential looking acuities were within the normal range at last review in all but one @entity0 . Interocular acuity differences were < or = 0.5 octave in all @entity0 older than 1 year of age at last review, and > or = 1 octave in three of four @entity0 less than 1 year old at last review (Fisher exact p = 0.033). Phakic eye acuities were within the normal range in all @entity0 at all visits. CONCLUSION: Within the first 2 years of life, normal preferential looking acuity may be achieved in both eyes of @entity0 undergoing early surgery for unilateral congenital @entity2 if occlusion therapy is modulated according to interocular acuity differences quantified by clinical preferential looking techniques.

title: Modulation of XXXX therapy following early surgery for unilateral @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The authors' interest was focused on the direct determination of differences between the salient features of @entity0 in @entity1 and @entity1 in a large number of @entity1 . Various epidemiological features were analyzed in a group of 386 male and 21,491 @entity0 @entity1 registered in the Cancer Registry of the Republic of Croatia from 1968 until 1988. This was a population-based study, and all male and @entity0 cases recorded during the mentioned period were included in the study. During this 21-year period, the total incidence rate of @entity0 in @entity1 was about 0.83/100,000, and the mortality 0.2,/100.000. In the same interval, in @entity1 the rates doubled from 30 to 60/100,000, and 13 to 29/100,000, respectively. The highest incidence rates were recorded in the 80-84 age group in @entity1 , and 60-64 age group in @entity1 . The mean age at diagnosis was 63.4 years in @entity1 and 58.2 years in @entity1 . The distribution in terms of @entity3 -stages in @entity1 was: stage I-10.10%; II-40.67%; III-32.40%; IV-16.83%; in @entity1 ; I-12.19%; II-49.36%; III-27-58%; IV-10.86%. The results showed that @entity0 in @entity1 had epidemiological characteristics of a @entity2 , occurring continuously at a specific mean frequency in the general population and being little affected by environmental impacts. Conversely, in @entity1 affected by the disease there was a tendency of continuous rise in the morbidity and mortality, which might have been due to the trigger action of one or more environmental factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differences between male and XXXX . I. Epidemiological features.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Omalizumab is indicated for treatment of @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity1 . Previous studies have shown 70% of these @entity0 also have @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The present series examines the impact of omalizumab on medication use for @entity2 in a cohort of asthmatic @entity2 @entity0 who received this therapy. METHODS: The sample included 25 @entity0 with adequate prescription data preinitiation and postinitiation of therapy. Data was available for a full 12 months both preinitiation and postinitiation of therapy in 20 of 25 @entity0 and for 4 to 8 months in the remaining 5 of 25. Average antibiotic use (# of unique prescriptions per month) and systemic @entity3 dose (mg/month) were tabulated for each @entity0 and compared before and after initiation of therapy. RESULTS: Mean antibiotic prescriptions/month decreased by 37%, and this was statistically significant (p = 0.013). Antibiotic use decreased in 15 of 25 (60%), was the same in 7 of 25 (28%), and increased in 3 of 25 (12%) @entity0 . Chronic @entity3 administration was required in 19 of 25 @entity0 , and dosing was highly variable. Mean monthly @entity3 dose decreased substantially in 8 of 19 (42%) @entity0 , with reduction ranging from 40% to 100% from pretreatment levels. A modest decrease of 17% to 30% was observed in 4 of 19 (21%) @entity0 . @entity3 use was essentially unchanged in 4 of 19 (21%), but dramatically increased (71% to 366% above pretreatment dose) in 3 of 19 (15%) @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Omalizumab therapy is associated with a decrease in overall antibiotic use for @entity2 . A subset of @entity0 also experience significant reduction in @entity3 dependence. Further study is necessary to determine factors predictive of response.

title: Impact of omalizumab therapy on medication requirements for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The improvement of medical education is at the center of efforts to reform the studies of medicine. Furthermore, an excellent teaching program for students is a quality feature of medical universities. Besides teaching of disease-specific contents, the acquisition of interpersonal and decision-making skills is important. However, the cognitive style of senior physicians leading to a diagnosis cannot easily be taught. Therefore, the following study aimed at examining whether specific training in iterative hypothesis testing (IHT) may improve the correctness of the diagnostic process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-one medical students in their 9th-11th terms were randomized to medical teaching as usual or to IHT training for 4  weeks. The intervention group received specific training according to the method of IHT. All students were examined by a multiple choice (MC) exam and additionally by simulated @entity0 (SP). The SPs were instructed to represent either a @entity0 with @entity3 and comorbid @entity2 and substance use disorder ( @entity5 ) or to represent a @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity4 and acute suicidal tendencies ( @entity6 ). RESULTS: All students identified the diagnosis of @entity3 in the SPs, but IHT-trained students recognized more diagnostic criteria. Furthermore, IHT-trained students recognized acute suicide tendencies in @entity6 more often and identified more comorbid @entity1 . The results of the MC exam were comparable in both groups. An analysis of the satisfaction with the different training programs revealed that the IHT training received a better appraisal. CONCLUSIONS: Our results point to the role of IHT in teaching diagnostic skills. However, the results of the MC exam were not influenced by IHT training. Furthermore, our results show that students are in need of training in practical clinical skills.

title: [Training in iterative hypothesis testing as part of XXXX education. A randomized study].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the preoperative diagnostic modalities and aggressive operating management as well as the determination of benefit of preop embolization on the course of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Between 1975 and 1993, 14 @entity0 were treated for @entity5 in our department. The preoperative evaluation included angiography (14/14, 100%), Duplex scanning (6/14, 43%), and CT scanning (9/14, 64%). @entity1 (36%) were type I, four (28%) type II, and five (36%) type III, according to the Shamblin classification. In twelve cases the @entity1 were successfully excised without ligation of the external carotid artery. One of these @entity0 , who had a very large @entity1 , underwent preop embolization. In two @entity0 the @entity1 were found to extend intracranially, and the @entity0 were referred for radiation therapy. There were no deaths or cerebrovascular complications. Temporary @entity2 was noted in two cases. The pathology report revealed @entity4 without any evidence of @entity1 . Follow up of @entity0 (6 months-18 years) showed no recurrence of the @entity1 in the operated cases and local recurrence in the radiation group. CONCLUSION: 1. Arteriography remains the golden standard for diagnosis of @entity5 . Tripplex scanning and CT are helpful for postop follow-up. 2. Surgical removal is the ideal treatment. @entity3 is helpful in diminishing intraoperative blood requirements. 3. @entity5 , although benign, should be treated as soon as it is diagnosed, before difficulty in excision arises.

title: Changing trends in management of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: In the setting of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), laparoscopic approaches have been avoided because of the often fragile intestinal tissue, thickened mesentery, @entity7 , immunosuppression, and the presence of dense adhesions. In this article, we report 10 successfully managed laparoscopic cases in @entity1 @entity0 (five with @entity3 , five with @entity2 ). @entity0 with @entity3 underwent total abdominal colectomies, mucosal proctectomies, J-pouch construction, and diverting ileostomies. Procedures in @entity0 with @entity2 included ileocecectomy (3), sigmoid colectomy with takedown of a transverse @entity6 (1), and stricturoplasty (1). One of the 10 cases was converted to an open technique for technical reasons. Six of the 10 @entity0 were on high dose corticosteroids for disease control. Hospital stay ranged from 6-13 days, with a median of 7 days. The morbidity rate was 20 per cent, and included one case of mild @entity4 in a @entity2 @entity0 and one delayed @entity5 in an @entity3 @entity0 . There was no mortality. Based on these results, we conclude that laparoscopic intestinal surgery is both feasible and safe in selected @entity0 with @entity1 . Use of laparoscopic techniques in these @entity0 may reduce hospital stay, lessen adhesion formation, and improve cosmetic results in this generally young group of @entity0 .

title: Laparoscopic surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To report our learning experience using an intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) probe to guide endovascular aortic procedures. METHODS: Between November 1999 and July 2001, 17 @entity0 (12 @entity0 ; mean age 73.1+/-2.3 years) underwent endovascular repair of 9 @entity4 . The most suitable dimensions and configuration of the stent-graft were based on preoperative computed tomographic (CTA) or magnetic resonance (MRA) angiography. Intraoperative intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging was obtained using a 9-F, 9-MHz ICE probe, 110 cm in length, inserted through a 10-F, 55 degrees precurved long @entity1 sheath. RESULTS: The endografts were deployed as planned by CTA or MRA. Before stent-graft deployment, interrogation with the ICE probe visualized the aortic arch and descending thoracoabdominal aorta without position-related artefacts and identified the sites of stent-graft fixation. After stent-graft deployment, visualization with the ICE probe detected the need for additional procedures in 8 @entity0 , including 2 incompletely expanded @entity3 grafts, which were treated with adjunctive balloon angioplasty. In 1 @entity0 , ICE probe interrogation determined that the lesion was inappropriate for endovascular exclusion. CONCLUSIONS: ICE probe interrogation provides accurate information on the anatomy of @entity3 and @entity2 and allows rapid identification of attachment sites and stent-graft characteristics. It might be considered as a valid imaging modality for monitoring all phases of endovascular procedures.

title: IVUS guidance of XXXX stent-graft repairs using an intracardiac echocardiography probe: preliminary report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Formation of the @entity3 metabolite @entity4 ( @entity4 ) by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes is a new method for evaluating liver function. The purpose of this study was to compare @entity4 formation with other liver function parameters in surgical intensive care unit @entity0 . The study include 29 @entity2 @entity0 who had been admitted to the unit for more than 3 days with a median APACHE III score-predicted mortality > 30%. On day 4, @entity3 was given intravenously at a dose of 1 mg.kg-1 over 2 min and @entity4 formation was measured 15 min later. Eighty-nine percent of the @entity0 had @entity4 values below 90 micrograms.l-1 indicating @entity1 . Eleven @entity0 died, 18 @entity0 survived. The group of @entity0 with fatal outcome had significantly lower @entity4 values (median: 23 micrograms.l-1) than the group of survivors (median: 53 micrograms.l-1, p < 0.01). Bilirubin values were elevated in the non-survivor group (median: 2.8 mg.dl-1) compared to the survivors (median: 0.9 mg.dl-1, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups in the other liver function tests. We conclude from our results that the @entity4 test can be considered an indicator for @entity1 and predictor of survival in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: XXXX metabolite formation: an indicator for @entity1 and predictor of survival in surgical intensive care @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Formation of the @entity3 metabolite @entity4 ( @entity4 ) by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes is a new method for evaluating liver function. The purpose of this study was to compare @entity4 formation with other liver function parameters in surgical intensive care unit @entity0 . The study include 29 @entity2 @entity0 who had been admitted to the unit for more than 3 days with a median APACHE III score-predicted mortality > 30%. On day 4, @entity3 was given intravenously at a dose of 1 mg.kg-1 over 2 min and @entity4 formation was measured 15 min later. Eighty-nine percent of the @entity0 had @entity4 values below 90 micrograms.l-1 indicating @entity1 . Eleven @entity0 died, 18 @entity0 survived. The group of @entity0 with fatal outcome had significantly lower @entity4 values (median: 23 micrograms.l-1) than the group of survivors (median: 53 micrograms.l-1, p < 0.01). Bilirubin values were elevated in the non-survivor group (median: 2.8 mg.dl-1) compared to the survivors (median: 0.9 mg.dl-1, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups in the other liver function tests. We conclude from our results that the @entity4 test can be considered an indicator for @entity1 and predictor of survival in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: @entity3 metabolite formation: an indicator for XXXX and predictor of survival in surgical intensive care @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Formation of the @entity3 metabolite @entity4 ( @entity4 ) by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes is a new method for evaluating liver function. The purpose of this study was to compare @entity4 formation with other liver function parameters in surgical intensive care unit @entity0 . The study include 29 @entity2 @entity0 who had been admitted to the unit for more than 3 days with a median APACHE III score-predicted mortality > 30%. On day 4, @entity3 was given intravenously at a dose of 1 mg.kg-1 over 2 min and @entity4 formation was measured 15 min later. Eighty-nine percent of the @entity0 had @entity4 values below 90 micrograms.l-1 indicating @entity1 . Eleven @entity0 died, 18 @entity0 survived. The group of @entity0 with fatal outcome had significantly lower @entity4 values (median: 23 micrograms.l-1) than the group of survivors (median: 53 micrograms.l-1, p < 0.01). Bilirubin values were elevated in the non-survivor group (median: 2.8 mg.dl-1) compared to the survivors (median: 0.9 mg.dl-1, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups in the other liver function tests. We conclude from our results that the @entity4 test can be considered an indicator for @entity1 and predictor of survival in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: @entity3 metabolite formation: an indicator for @entity1 and predictor of survival in surgical intensive care XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Whether smoking-induced @entity1 subsides after smoking cessation is currently a matter of debate. We used computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the effect of smoking cessation on lung density in @entity0 with @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity0 quit smoking out of 254 current smokers with @entity3 who were followed with annual CT and lung function tests (LFT) for 2?4 years as part of a randomised placebo-controlled trial of the effect of inhaled @entity5 on CT-lung density. Lung density was expressed as the 15th percentile density (PD15) and relative area of @entity4 below -910 HU (RA-910). From the time-trends in the @entity5 and placebo groups the expected @entity2 at the first visit after smoking cessation were calculated by linear regression and compared to the observed densities. RESULTS: Following smoking cessation RA-910 increased by 2.6% (p = 0.003) and PD15 decreased by -4.9 HU (p = 0.0002). Furthermore, changes were larger in the @entity5 group than the placebo group (PD15: -7.1 vs -2.8 HU. RA-910 3.7% vs 1.7%). These differences were, however, not statistically significant. The LFT parameters (FEV(1) and diffusion capacity) were not significantly influenced by smoking cessation. CONCLUSION: Inflammation partly masks the presence of @entity4 on CT and smoking cessation results in a paradoxical fall in lung density, which resembles rapid progression of @entity4 . This fall in density is probably due to an anti-inflammatory effect of smoking cessation.

title: Rapid fall in lung density following smoking cessation in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effects of mechanical afferent stimulation of either a hindpaw or a hind @entity2 were studied in anesthetized nonpregnant adult female @entity0 . Ovarian blood flow at the left side was continuously measured using a laser Doppler flowmeter. A mechanical stimulus (by pinching, @entity6 or pressing) was delivered for 30 s to either a hindpaw or a hind leg, at the right or left side. Pinching of a hindpaw at the right or left side decreased ovarian blood flow 8+/-3% accompanied with an increase in blood pressure. Brushing or pressing of a hindpaw produced no effects on these two parameters measured. Pressing stimulation of a hind leg at the right or left side produced a @entity1 flow 8+/-2% accompanied with a decrease in blood pressure. Pinching or @entity6 of a hind leg produced no effects on both parameters measured. All @entity1 and blood pressure mentioned above were abolished after severing the @entity3 at the same side in which stimulation was unilaterally delivered. The blood pressure response, either increased or decreased depending on the stimulus modality and location stimulated, was not influenced by severing of ovarian sympathetic nerves. However, the decrease response in ovarian blood flow following pinching of a hindpaw reversed to the increase response, while the decrease response in ovarian blood flow following pressing of a hind leg was slightly augmented. The activity of sympathetic nerves innervating the ovary was increased during pinching of a hindpaw of either side, and decreased during pressing of a hind leg of either side. Electrical stimulation of the distal part of the severed splanchnic nerve at the left side decreased the left ovarian blood flow, and this response was abolished by intravenous injection of @entity5 , the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist. The present results demonstrate that ovarian blood flow increase or decrease passively to responses of an increase or a @entity2 following mechanical afferent stimulation of a hindlimb, and these passive @entity1 are modulated by reflexive activity of ovarian sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerves to attenuate blood pressure-dependent passive @entity4 .

title: Ovarian blood flow is reflexively regulated by mechanical afferent stimulation of a hindlimb in nonpregnant anesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: MATISSE is a new endotoxin (ET) adsorption system. It comprises the FRESENIUS hemoadsorption machine 4008 ADS to maintain the extracorporeal circuits and disposables including the MATISSE-adsorber based on macroporous beads immobilized with human serum albumin. In vivo and in vitro experiments with this new compound had shown favourable ET elimination properties. In a first study 19 healthy volunteers were included for the safety and tolerability of the endotoxin adsorber system. One single veno-venous hemoperfusion with this system was performed. Apheresis treatment with the @entity0 albumin immobilized adsorber seems to be safe and well tolerable in healthy volunteers. A slight decrease in platelet count as well as insulin level was observed. No serious adverse events were mentioned. Similar findings were made in an open uncontrolled trial in six @entity0 with suspected Gram-negative @entity1 . Here endotoxin adsorption seems to be safe and well tolerated without adsorber related major adverse events. In the last clinical trial including 145 @entity0 mainly @entity2 @entity0 (104), again no safety concerns were found during the apheresis. Trends in improvement of morbidity and organ dysfunction were found as well as efficient @entity3 removal in @entity2 @entity0 . @entity3 whole blood immunoadsorption is a promising new method. No relevant side effects were observed so far. A large controlled study to prove clinical efficacy in @entity0 with severe @entity1 and confirmed @entity4 (e.g. @entity2 ) should be necessary.

title: A new endotoxin adsorption device in Gram-negative XXXX : use of immobilized albumin with the MATISSE adsorber.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cigarette smoking may induce pro-inflammatory and pro- @entity1 changes. It is not known whether these abnormalities are caused at least partly by increased @entity3 levels. We investigated whether lowering @entity3 by @entity4 supplementation might reduce the plasma concentration of inflammatory and thrombogenic markers in chronic smokers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four healthy cigarette smokers (age 37.8+/-2.5 years, mean+/-SEM) were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of @entity4 5 mg/day or placebo. The following parameters were measured before and after treatment: (1) markers of @entity0 ( @entity5 , CRP, and white cell count, WCC); (2) @entity2 screen (Activated Partial Thromboplastin time Ratio, APTR, and International Normalized Ratio, INR); (3) pro- @entity1 markers ( @entity6 , factor VIII coagulant activity, VIII:C, @entity7 factor, @entity8 , and D-dimer). RESULTS: @entity4 induced a significant reduction in @entity3 (10.8+/-0.6 vs. 8.2+/-0.5 micromol/l, p<0.001), plasma @entity6 (3.15+/-0.14 vs. 2.87+/-0.14 g/l, p<0.05), and D-dimer (102+/-44 vs. 80+/-26 microg/l, p<0.05) concentrations. By contrast, no significant changes were observed in CRP (2.2+/-0.7 vs. 1.7+/-0.7 mg/l), WCC (7.2+/-0.5 vs. 6.8+/-0.5 10(9) cells/l), APTR (0.91+/-0.02 vs. 0.93+/-0.02), INR (0.92+/-0.01 vs. 0.91+/-0.01), @entity8 (103+/-8 vs. 102+/-9 U/dl), and VIII:C (120+/-8 vs. 107+/-8 U/dl) levels. Changes in @entity4 plasma concentrations were significantly and negatively correlated with changes in @entity6 (r=-0.48, p=0.01) but not with changes in D-dimer (r=-0.15, p=0.5) levels. Changes in plasma @entity3 concentrations did not correlate with changes in either @entity6 or D-dimer. No significant changes in @entity3 , inflammatory and thrombogenic markers were observed in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term @entity4 supplementation had no significant effects on inflammatory markers but induced a significant reduction in plasma @entity6 and D-dimer concentrations in healthy chronic smokers. Thus, @entity4 might have an anti- @entity1 effect in this high-risk group independent of the @entity3 lowering effect.

title: Effects of XXXX supplementation on inflammatory and thrombogenic markers in chronic smokers. A randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Macular @entity1 along with @entity3 is responsible for decreased visual acuity in central @entity4 . Bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech) blocks @entity2 ( @entity2 ) induced hyperpermeability of blood vessels. In this prospective case series we investigated the efficacy of anti- @entity2 treatment in reduction of central retinal thickness (CRT) and improvement in visual acuity (VA). 25 @entity0 were followed up for 12 months and treated monthly with intravitreal bevacizumab. VA and CRT were measured at each visit. Treatment was discontinued as the peak improvement of either parameter was reached and reinstituted in case of deterioration/recurrence of @entity1 . Study endpoints included: VA using ETDRS charts, CRT and number of injections at 12 months. Mean VA from all 25 @entity0 increased by 3.1 logMAR lines (p < 0.05 compared to baseline). The improvement of VA after bevacizumab injection was in correlation with a decrease in CRT In subgroup analyses, @entity0 receiving bevacizumab injection within the first 3 months after CRVO showed an average VA gain of 4.2 logMAR lines. Mean of 4.5 injections was needed to control the disease during the follow-up period. Bevacizumab treatment was effective in VA and reducing CRT. It appears from subgroup analysis that initiation of treatment early in the course of disease produced better functional outcome. Several injections were needed to control the disease. Regular OCT examinations and retreatment are advised in order to maintain initially reached VA.

title: Anti- XXXX in treatment of central @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Macular @entity1 along with @entity3 is responsible for decreased visual acuity in central @entity4 . Bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech) blocks @entity2 ( @entity2 ) induced hyperpermeability of blood vessels. In this prospective case series we investigated the efficacy of anti- @entity2 treatment in reduction of central retinal thickness (CRT) and improvement in visual acuity (VA). 25 @entity0 were followed up for 12 months and treated monthly with intravitreal bevacizumab. VA and CRT were measured at each visit. Treatment was discontinued as the peak improvement of either parameter was reached and reinstituted in case of deterioration/recurrence of @entity1 . Study endpoints included: VA using ETDRS charts, CRT and number of injections at 12 months. Mean VA from all 25 @entity0 increased by 3.1 logMAR lines (p < 0.05 compared to baseline). The improvement of VA after bevacizumab injection was in correlation with a decrease in CRT In subgroup analyses, @entity0 receiving bevacizumab injection within the first 3 months after CRVO showed an average VA gain of 4.2 logMAR lines. Mean of 4.5 injections was needed to control the disease during the follow-up period. Bevacizumab treatment was effective in VA and reducing CRT. It appears from subgroup analysis that initiation of treatment early in the course of disease produced better functional outcome. Several injections were needed to control the disease. Regular OCT examinations and retreatment are advised in order to maintain initially reached VA.

title: Anti- @entity2 in treatment of central XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Currently there is limited information on the indications for the use of cortical allograft for the treatment of @entity3 on a stable stem. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the treatment and the results obtained in this type of @entity1 and propose a series of criteria for the use of cortical allograft. Between 2003 and 2008 a total of 31 periprosthetic femur @entity1 were treated at our institution. Twelve of them were classified as B1: 6 were treated with a Dall-Miles (Stryker) system plate and 6 with the same plate supplemented with a structural cortical allograft over the medial cortex of the femur ( @entity4 and @entity4 -Allo groups, respectively). An evaluation of the clinical and radiologic results was performed in the latest follow-up available. A @entity0 in the @entity4 -Allo group had @entity2 of a screw and 10 degrees varization; the @entity1 healed despite this and the @entity0 had a satisfactory clinical course. The Oxford Hip Score was 9 points lower in the @entity4 group compared with the @entity4 -Allo group, and the EQ-5D health scale was 0.10 better for the @entity4 group. The @entity4 -Allo group had a longer hospital stay and more transfusion-related requirements. We think that the @entity0 with clinical or radiologic criteria of osteoporotic bone may benefit from the use of a cortical allograft to favor healing and increase the bone stock. However, those advantages should be weighed considering the higher risk of surgical-related morbidity associated with the surgical insult.

title: [Evaluation of the results of the treatment of Vancouver B1 XXXX and proposed indications for the use of cortical allograft as part of the fixation].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Pancreatic exocrine secretion is known to be facilitated by @entity2 via long- and short-route reflexes. In this study, we studied the effects of gastric @entity4 and blood @entity6 level as well as pancreatic exocrine secretion. Mongrel @entity1 were anesthetized with @entity5 and thiopental, and immediately decerebrated. This study consisted of two series of experiments. In the first series, efferent discharges in an intra- @entity4 were recorded, and its responses to antral distension were analyzed. In the second series, effects of antral distension on pancreatic exocrine secretion and blood @entity6 level were observed before and after vagotomy in splanchnicectomized @entity1 . Efferent discharges in a @entity4 were @entity0 . Neither vagotomy nor splanchnicectomy produced obvious changes in the neural response. In splanchnicectomized @entity1 , antral distension elevated blood @entity6 level and increased pancreatic exocrine secretion. After subsequent vagotomy, these effects were reduced, but the increases were still greater than 50%. These results indicate that the antro-pancreatic short-route reflex plays a significant role in exocrine secretion, and also suggest that @entity6 release is @entity0 independent of blood @entity3 level.

title: Antro-pancreatic reflexes: long- and short-route reflexes in exocrine and endocrine pancreatic secretion in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine basal levels of cytosolic @entity4 ([ @entity2 ]i) and phagocytic activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) from @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: A university-county hospital. MEASUREMENTS: Cytosolic @entity4 levels, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) content, and phagocytosis of PMNLs from @entity0 with @entity6 and from controls. INTERVENTION: In @entity0 with @entity6 , we evaluated the effect of treatment with an oral hypoglycemic agent ( @entity8 ) on [ @entity2 ]i levels, @entity5 content, and the phagocytosis of PMNLs. @entity0 : 22 controls and 34 @entity0 with @entity6 were examined. Fifteen @entity0 were studied before and after 3 months of treatment with @entity8 . RESULTS: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes from @entity0 with @entity6 showed significantly elevated basal levels of [ @entity2 ]i (68 +/- 9.6 compared with 43 +/- 4.9 nmol/L; P < 0.01); reduced @entity5 content (1.30 +/- 0.58 compared with 2.35 +/- 0.45 nmol/10(6) PMNLs; P < 0.01); and @entity1 (117 +/- 21.0 compared with 145 +/- 17.4 micrograms oil/10(7) PMNLs per minute; P < 0.01) compared with controls. There was a direct and significant correlation (P < 0.01, r = 0.80) between [ @entity2 ]i levels in PMNLs and serum @entity3 levels and an inverse correlation between phagocytic ability and [ @entity2 ]i levels (P < 0.01; r = 0.62) as well as between phagocytic activity and fasting serum @entity3 levels (P < 0.01, r = 0.54) in @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity8 therapy resulted in significant reduction in fasting serum @entity3 levels; in PMNLs, this treatment resulted in a significant reduction in [ @entity2 ]i levels, a significant increase in @entity5 content, and a significant improvement of phagocytosis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity6 have elevated [ @entity2 ]i levels in PMNLs. This abnormality is probably induced by @entity7 and is primarily responsible for the imparied phagocytosis seen in these @entity0 .

title: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in XXXX : abnormalities in metabolism and function.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Replacement therapy or prophylaxis, has become the standard of care for the treatment of severe @entity1 . To describe bleeding patterns in @entity0 , adolescents and adults on prophylaxis and their observed relationships to times of infusion (during the week and during the day) as well as season of the year. Data from Advate pre-licensure prospective clinical trials from 145 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) <1%, were used. All @entity0 underwent a 48-h pharmacokinetic study. The 10-65 year group had >=  75 exposure days on fixed prophylaxis (25-40 IU kg(-1) 3-4x per week). Prophylaxis was not fixed but similar for 1-6 year olds. Bleeding patterns were analysed. Overall, 700 @entity2 were observed in 110/145 @entity0 . All were treated with prophylaxis, mean dose 108 IU kg(-1) week(-1) in on average 2.9 infusions (1-6 years), 86 IU kg (-1) week(-1) in 2.7 infusions (10-17 years), and 75 IU kg (-1) week(-1) in 2.6 infusions (18-65 years), respectively. On prophylaxis, median total @entity2 per year were low at 3.1 for @entity0 aged 1-6 years, 3.3 for those aged 10-17 years and 2.1 for @entity0 aged 18-65 years. @entity0 aged 1-6 years had predominantly soft tissue @entity2 (79%). Incidence of @entity2 was not associated with season, but was significantly lower in @entity0 who infused @entity3 in the mornings: median 0 per year (IQR 0.0-0.4) compared to those who infused later [median 1.8 per year (IQR 0.0-5.2)]. Older @entity0 predominantly experienced joint @entity2 (50% and 62%, respectively). More joint @entity2 occurred during the summer [43 and 46% respectively, (P < 0.01)]. Bleeding patterns in @entity0 on prophylaxis varied according to age. In addition, the 10-65 year olds showed increased bleeding during the summer. After confirmation in prospective studies, this information may be used to improve tailoring of prophylactic treatment.

title: Trends in bleeding patterns during prophylaxis for severe XXXX : observations from a series of prospective clinical trials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asian rust ( @entity6 ) is a common disease in Brazilian @entity1 fields and it is difficult to control. To identify a biochemical candidate with potential to combat this disease, a new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( @entity5 ) (CaclXIP) leaves was cloned into the pGAPZa-B vector for expression in @entity4 . RESULTS: A cDNA encoding a chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( @entity5 ) (CaclXIP), was isolated from leaves. The @entity3 sequence predicts a (b/a)8 topology common to Class III Chitinases (glycoside hydrolase family 18 proteins; GH18), and shares similarity with other GH18 members, although it lacks the @entity0 residue essential for catalysis, which is replaced by @entity2 . CaclXIP was expressed as a recombinant protein in @entity4 . Enzymatic assay showed that purified recombinant CaclXIP had only residual chitinolytic activity. However, it inhibited xylanases from Acrophialophora nainiana by approx. 60% when present at 12:1 (w/w) enzyme:inhibitor ratio. Additionally, CaclXIP at 1.5  g/ L inhibited the germination of spores of @entity6 by 45%. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that CaclXIP belongs to a class of naturally inactive chitinases that have evolved to act in plant cell defence as xylanase inhibitors. Its role on inhibiting germination of fungal spores makes it an eligible candidate gene for the control of Asian rust.

title: A new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( XXXX ) affects @entity1 Asian rust ( @entity6 ) spore germination.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asian rust ( @entity6 ) is a common disease in Brazilian @entity1 fields and it is difficult to control. To identify a biochemical candidate with potential to combat this disease, a new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( @entity5 ) (CaclXIP) leaves was cloned into the pGAPZa-B vector for expression in @entity4 . RESULTS: A cDNA encoding a chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( @entity5 ) (CaclXIP), was isolated from leaves. The @entity3 sequence predicts a (b/a)8 topology common to Class III Chitinases (glycoside hydrolase family 18 proteins; GH18), and shares similarity with other GH18 members, although it lacks the @entity0 residue essential for catalysis, which is replaced by @entity2 . CaclXIP was expressed as a recombinant protein in @entity4 . Enzymatic assay showed that purified recombinant CaclXIP had only residual chitinolytic activity. However, it inhibited xylanases from Acrophialophora nainiana by approx. 60% when present at 12:1 (w/w) enzyme:inhibitor ratio. Additionally, CaclXIP at 1.5  g/ L inhibited the germination of spores of @entity6 by 45%. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that CaclXIP belongs to a class of naturally inactive chitinases that have evolved to act in plant cell defence as xylanase inhibitors. Its role on inhibiting germination of fungal spores makes it an eligible candidate gene for the control of Asian rust.

title: A new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( @entity5 ) affects XXXX Asian rust ( @entity6 ) spore germination.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asian rust ( @entity6 ) is a common disease in Brazilian @entity1 fields and it is difficult to control. To identify a biochemical candidate with potential to combat this disease, a new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( @entity5 ) (CaclXIP) leaves was cloned into the pGAPZa-B vector for expression in @entity4 . RESULTS: A cDNA encoding a chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( @entity5 ) (CaclXIP), was isolated from leaves. The @entity3 sequence predicts a (b/a)8 topology common to Class III Chitinases (glycoside hydrolase family 18 proteins; GH18), and shares similarity with other GH18 members, although it lacks the @entity0 residue essential for catalysis, which is replaced by @entity2 . CaclXIP was expressed as a recombinant protein in @entity4 . Enzymatic assay showed that purified recombinant CaclXIP had only residual chitinolytic activity. However, it inhibited xylanases from Acrophialophora nainiana by approx. 60% when present at 12:1 (w/w) enzyme:inhibitor ratio. Additionally, CaclXIP at 1.5  g/ L inhibited the germination of spores of @entity6 by 45%. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that CaclXIP belongs to a class of naturally inactive chitinases that have evolved to act in plant cell defence as xylanase inhibitors. Its role on inhibiting germination of fungal spores makes it an eligible candidate gene for the control of Asian rust.

title: A new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( @entity5 ) affects @entity1 Asian rust ( XXXX ) spore germination.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity0 diseases and phenotypes are related to RNA expression, levels of which are influenced by a wide spectrum of genetic and exposure-related factors. In a large genome-wide study of muscle tissue expression, we found that some genes exhibited a bimodal distribution of RNA expression, in contrast to what is usually assumed in studies of a single healthy tissue. As bimodality has classically been considered a hallmark of genetic control, we assessed the genome-wide prevalence, cause, and association of this phenomenon with @entity1 -related phenotypes in skeletal muscle tissue from 225 healthy Pima Indians using exon array expression chips. RESULTS: Two independent batches of microarrays were used for bimodal assessment and comparison. Of the 17,881 genes analyzed, eight ( @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity8 ) were found to have bimodal expression replicated in the separate batch groups, while 24 other genes had evidence of bimodality in only one group. Some bimodally expressed genes had modest associations with pre- @entity1 phenotypes, of note @entity7 with insulin resistance. Most of the other bimodal genes have been reported to be involved with various other diseases and characteristics. Association of expression with cis genetic variation in a subset of 149 individuals found all but one of the confirmed bimodal genes and nearly half of all potential ones to be highly significant expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). The rare prevalence of these bimodally expressed genes found after controlling for batch effects was much lower than the prevalence reported in other studies. Additional validation in data from separate muscle expression studies confirmed the low prevalence of bimodality we observed. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the prevalence of bimodal gene expression is quite rare in healthy muscle tissue (<0.2%), and is much lower than limited reports from other studies. The major cause of these clearly bimodal expression patterns in homogeneous tissue appears to be cis-polymorphisms, indicating that such bimodal genes are, for the most part, eQTL. The high frequency of disease associations reported with these genes gives hope that this unique feature may identify or actually be an underlying factor responsible for disease development.

title: Bimodal distribution of RNA expression levels in XXXX skeletal muscle tissue.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Immunoglobulin inclusions are found in B-cell neoplasms as well as in crystal-storing histiocytosis associated with B-cell @entity4 . At times, the deposits may be so profound as to obscure the diagnosis and may even lead to misdiagnosis. We report one case of low-grade extranodal @entity3 with abundant immunoglobulin inclusions and emphasize the need for immunophenotyping and molecular assay to make the right decision in diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of extranodal @entity5 with abundant intracellular immunoglobulin accumulation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old Asian @entity0 from China presented with a 13-year history of a right shoulder mass with recent ongoing @entity2 . A @entity7 located in the posterior muscles of the neck was suggested by magnetic resonance imaging, and extended local excision was performed. A biopsy, however, revealed large, isolated rhabdoid cells in a diffuse pattern with mild atypia and eosinophilic cytoplasm. @entity3 were interspersed among these cells. The diagnosis was initially suggested to be @entity6 . The final diagnosis of @entity3 was made after immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular studies. CONCLUSION: We emphasize this histopathologic and immunohistochemical finding because of the potential for confusion with other @entity1 or disorders, such as @entity6 or crystal-storing histiocytosis.

title: Primary extranodal soft-tissue XXXX with abundant immunoglobulin inclusions mimicking @entity6 : a case report.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Immunoglobulin inclusions are found in B-cell neoplasms as well as in crystal-storing histiocytosis associated with B-cell @entity4 . At times, the deposits may be so profound as to obscure the diagnosis and may even lead to misdiagnosis. We report one case of low-grade extranodal @entity3 with abundant immunoglobulin inclusions and emphasize the need for immunophenotyping and molecular assay to make the right decision in diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of extranodal @entity5 with abundant intracellular immunoglobulin accumulation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old Asian @entity0 from China presented with a 13-year history of a right shoulder mass with recent ongoing @entity2 . A @entity7 located in the posterior muscles of the neck was suggested by magnetic resonance imaging, and extended local excision was performed. A biopsy, however, revealed large, isolated rhabdoid cells in a diffuse pattern with mild atypia and eosinophilic cytoplasm. @entity3 were interspersed among these cells. The diagnosis was initially suggested to be @entity6 . The final diagnosis of @entity3 was made after immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular studies. CONCLUSION: We emphasize this histopathologic and immunohistochemical finding because of the potential for confusion with other @entity1 or disorders, such as @entity6 or crystal-storing histiocytosis.

title: Primary extranodal soft-tissue @entity5 with abundant immunoglobulin inclusions mimicking XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ), is an exfoliative @entity1 of unknown cause. A @entity0 with @entity3 loses epidermis in sheet-like fashion, leaving extensive areas of denuded dermis that must be treated like a large, superficial, partial-thickness burn wound. Methods of coverage described in the English literature over the last decade include the use of several dressings such as fresh-frozen or cryopreserved cadaver allograft, porcine xenograft, and amnionic membrane. Successful use of the biosynthetic dressing, Biobrane, has been described after @entity2 and @entity5 ; however, its use in TENS has not. We present three @entity0 with @entity3 treated successfully in our burn center over the past 12 months using Biobrane. The @entity0 were @entity0 aged 20, 58, and 77 years, with 58% to 95% total body surface area slough. Diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy on admission, and drug ingestion was implicated in each instance. Each @entity0 was thoroughly debrided in the operating room shortly after admission, and denuded areas were covered with Biobrane within 24 to 48 hours of admission. Biobrane demonstrated greater than 90% adherence by 48 hours, and no wound @entity4 occurred. Each @entity0 demonstrated epithelialization within 9 days. @entity0 were ambulatory at 72 hours. Corticosteroids and prophylactic antibiotics were avoided. Enteral nutritional support and aggressive septic surveillance was routine. Hospital stay was between 13 and 30 days without mortality. Early use of Biobrane in @entity0 with @entity3 appears to provide a reasonable means of wound coverage.

title: XXXX : a review and report of the successful use of Biobrane for early wound coverage.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The risks of pancreatic resection for @entity6 were evaluated in 37 @entity0 , all with greater than or equal to 3 positive Ranson signs, most with extensive @entity8 and almost half with extensive @entity2 . The mortality (43%), though comparable with most other reports, was higher than in the authors' earlier experience. The reason was not clear. @entity3 from the surgical field was the most common problem, being responsible for half of the deaths. @entity5 due to @entity7 or fistulation occurred in eight @entity0 and was fatal in five. @entity1 were common, but caused only three deaths. Time from onset of symptoms to operation did not influence complications or age-matched mortality. With increasing extent of resection, lung complications diminished, but not other complications or mortality. All @entity0 older than 60 died. Resection thus should be avoided for the elderly, and its role in younger cases remains far from clear. The @entity4 and insignificantly lower death rate than after other treatments have diminished the former enthusiasm for resection in @entity6 .

title: Complications after pancreatic resection for XXXX .

answer: @entity6