abstract: Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty for @entity1 represents an alternative to surgical treatment. The reported increases in valve orifice area vary with values from 0.6 to 2.03 cm2 over a wide range. This study was undertaken to evaluate our own results and to determine if factors could be identified which may exert an influence on the outcome of the procedure. Additionally, to evaluate this new method of treatment, the pressure-flow relationship at rest and during exercise after valvuloplasty was compared with that observed after mitral valve commissurotomy or mitral valve replacement. In 25 @entity0 with moderately-severe to severe @entity1 , mean age 56 +/- 11 years, mean valve orifice area 1.1 +/- 0.37 cm2, 52% with preexistent regurgitation, antegrade percutaneous, transvalvular valvuloplasty was carried out. Diagnostic catheterization was performed immediately prior to and after the procedure. Two concurrent groups of @entity0 were analyzed for the purpose of comparison: 26 consecutive @entity0 who underwent mitral valve commissurotomy with a comparable valve orifice area of 1.13 +/- 0.39 cm2 of whom 31% had a regurgitant component; and 37 consecutive @entity0 who had valve replacement mostly with a Bj  rk-Shiley prosthesis (M 29, 31, 33), mean age 52 +/- 8 years, comparable valve orifice area of 1.1 +/- 0.37 cm2 and a regurgitant component in 65%. Dilatation of the valve was carried out after transseptal catheterization with the use of an 8F Mullins sheath introducing a 7F balloon-tipped catheter (Critikon) via the left atrium, the left ventricle and into the descending aorta through which a 300 cm long 0.035" guidewire was advanced. By means of a retrieval catheter introduced via the femoral artery into the descending aorta, the guidewire was exteriorated via the femoral artery. After dilatation of the septum with a 9F dilatation catheter with a balloon of 8 mm diameter, a 10F or 12F dilatation catheter (Trefoil 3 X 12 mm or Bifoil 2 X 19 mm) (Schneider-Shiley) was advanced transseptally and the balloons positioned at the level of the mitral valve. The balloons were inflated with a pressure averaging 3.6 + 0.65 atmospheres (2-4.7 atm) and a mean duration of 27 +/- 8 s (16 to 45 s) on the average 3.9 +/- 1.6 times (1 to 9X) until disappearance or widening of the hour-glass waist of the balloon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Balloon valvuloplasty in XXXX . Hemodynamic results, influencing factors and comparison with surgical procedures].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and labral tears are common causes of @entity1 that are often not promptly or properly diagnosed. To our knowledge, no reports have defined the time and cost of diagnosis of labral tears associated with @entity2 . HYPOTHESIS: @entity0 with labral tears associated with @entity2 undergo extraneous diagnostic testing and @entity1 and incur a significant amount of health care costs before they receive appropriate surgical management for their pathology. STUDY DESIGN: Economic and decision analysis; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: A total of 78 @entity0 diagnosed with symptomatic @entity2 were surveyed. A standardized questionnaire asked @entity0 about time to diagnosis, symptoms, health care providers visited, imaging tests, and treatments prior to diagnosis. Costs were calculated based on 2012 national Medicare data. RESULTS: @entity0 in the cohort saw an average of 4.0 health care providers, had an average of 3.4 diagnostic imaging tests, and tried an average of 3.1 treatments prior to diagnosis. The average total amount spent per @entity0 prior to diagnosis was US 2456.97. The calculated minimum cost of diagnosis, including a visit to an orthopaedic surgeon as well as an anteroposterior pelvis and lateral hip radiograph and 1 magnetic resonance arthrogram, was US 690.62. The average duration between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of labral tear was 32.0 months. CONCLUSION: The average amount of health care dollars spent per @entity0 prior to receiving a diagnosis of acetabular labral tear was US 1766.35 higher than the calculated minimum cost. This figure is based on Medicare payment amounts, which may significantly underestimate the actual charges at many hospitals, thereby increasing the total cost of diagnosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The costs and @entity1 associated with this time, along with the potential long-term degradation of the hip joint, make it important for all health care professionals to recognize and appropriately manage or refer the @entity0 .

title: Time and Cost of Diagnosis for Symptomatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 reduces plasma @entity7 and raises high-density lipoprotein @entity2 (HDL-C) in adults and also reduces the incidence of @entity1 in adults. Its efficacy in improving lipid abnormalities has not been evaluated in @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate whether @entity8 would lower @entity7 and raise HDL-C with minimal adverse effects in a pediatric population with @entity3 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 47 pediatric @entity0 with @entity3 who started @entity8 treatment, 1200 mg/day because of failure or lack of interest in therapeutic lifestyle changes. Eligibility required @entity0 to be younger than 21 years of age, and have pretreatment and on-treatment fasting lipid profiles. Data recorded included age at start of treatment, blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, percent body fat, total plasma @entity2 , HDL, low-density lipoprotein, @entity7 , @entity5 aminotransferase, and @entity4 aminotransferase. Treatment duration was elapsed time between starting @entity8 and the last clinic visit. RESULTS: Average age of the study cohort was 14 years and mean duration on medication was 249 days. Those @entity0 who had pretreatment and on-treatment plasma lipid data (33 of 47) were included in an analysis for efficacy. All 47 @entity0 were monitored for safety. Mean @entity7 decreased by 57%: 426 (standard error of mean = 33.6) to 184 mg/dL (standard error of mean = 19) (P < 0.0001). Mean HDL increased by 20%: 35 to 42 mg/dL (P < 0.001). Body composition changes were insignificant, indicating that the lipid changes can be attributed to @entity8 . Two of forty-seven @entity0 reported @entity6 from the drug, one of whom was considered to have had a possible adverse effect from the medication as indicated by @entity6 . CONCLUSION: @entity8 significantly lowers @entity7 and raises HDL with reasonable safety in a pediatric population with @entity3 .

title: A pilot study in the efficacy and safety of XXXX in a pediatric population.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Prevalence of @entity8 varies in different racial groups, being especially high in communities that have abandoned an active traditional living and embraced a modern but sedentary life-style. As a new and rapidly developing country, Saudi Arabia has witnessed impressive changes in socio-economic growth and development and concurrently, a disturbing trend in @entity7 ( @entity7 ). These observations therefore prompted us to investigate the prevalence of microalbuminuria among Saudi Arabians with @entity7 . Two hundred and eleven @entity0 attending a large @entity1 Clinic in Riyadh were screened for microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/24 h). Twenty-seven subjects had clinical @entity5 (dipstick-positive) and were excluded, leaving 184 cases for analysis. Seventy-six subjects (76/184, 41.3%) had microalbuminuria. These subjects had higher fasting plasma @entity4 concentrations (P = 0.002) and greater body mass index (P = 0.049) than subjects with normal albumin excretion rate (< 30 mg/24 h). There were no significant differences between subjects with and without microalbuminuria with regards to fasting total plasma @entity3 and @entity6 concentrations, frequency of @entity2 , duration of @entity1 or type of therapy for @entity1 . In multivariate analysis, glycaemia (P < 0.005) and years since diagnosis of @entity1 (P = 0.05) remained independently associated with albumin excretion rate. We conclude that microalbuminuria is exceedingly common in a clinic-based population of Saudi Arabians with @entity7 and its presence is closely related to glycaemic control. Whether the prevalence of microalbuminuria is truly increased in the @entity1 population at large in Saudi Arabia must now await further population-based studies.

title: Prevalence of microalbuminuria in Saudi Arabians with XXXX : a clinic-based study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Individuals exhibiting an @entity1 are believed to possess an innate vulnerability that makes them susceptible to the disorder. @entity1 are also associated with abnormalities in the interconnected brain regions of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the link between @entity1 is currently unclear. Accordingly, the present study sought to determine if innate dysfunction within the amygdala to PFC projection underlies the susceptibility to develop @entity1 -like behavior, using an @entity1 vulnerable rodent model. The inbred @entity0 Kyoto (WKY) @entity0 was used to model vulnerability, as this strain naturally expresses extinction-resistant avoidance; a behavior that models the symptom of avoidance present in @entity1 . Synaptic plasticity was assessed within the projection from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) to the prelimbic cortical subdivision of the PFC in WKY and Sprague Dawley (SD) @entity0 . While WKY @entity0 exhibited normal paired-pulse plasticity, they did not maintain long-term potentiation (LTP) as SD @entity0 . Thus, impaired plasticity within the BLA-PL cortex projection may contribute to extinction resistant avoidance of WKY, as lesions of the PL cortex in SD @entity0 impaired extinction of avoidance similar to WKY @entity0 . Treatment with @entity4 to reverse the impaired LTP in WKY @entity0 was unsuccessful. The lack of LTP in WKY @entity0 was associated with a significant reduction of @entity2 receptors containing @entity3 subunits in the PL cortex. Thus, dysfunction in amygdala-PFC plasticity is innate in @entity1 vulnerable @entity0 and may promote extinction-resistant avoidance by disrupting communication between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex.

title: Dysfunction in amygdala-prefrontal plasticity and extinction-resistant avoidance: A model for XXXX vulnerability.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk of @entity2 among professional cleaners. To date, however, no analysis of large @entity0 series from clinic of occupational medicine has been published. AIMS: To describe the cases of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) diagnosed at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) during the period 1994-2004 in workers employed in professional cleaning work. METHODS: @entity3 was diagnosed according to @entity0 history, lung function examinations and specific challenge tests with measurements of the forced expiratory volume in 1 second and peak expiratory flow values. RESULTS: Our series comprised 20 @entity0 , all female, with a mean age of 48.8 years (range 27-60 years). The mean duration of cleaning work before the onset of the respiratory symptoms was 14.3 years (range 1-36 years), and the mean duration of cleaning work before the FIOH examinations was 18.6 years (range 3-38 years). @entity3 was triggered by chemicals in 9 cases (45%) and by moulds in 11 cases (55%). The chemicals were cleaning chemicals (wax-removing substances containing @entity5 in five cases and a cleaning agent containing @entity4 -T in one case) and chemicals used in the industrial processes at workplaces (three cases). Of the moulds, the most frequently associated with @entity3 was @entity1 (nine cases). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 was attributed not only to cleaning chemicals but also to other chemicals used in work environments. Moulds are presented as a new cause of @entity3 in cleaners.

title: Occupational XXXX in professional cleaning work: a clinical study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Longitudinal studies of the mortality and renal outcomes among the population with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >30 mL/ @entity6 .73 m(2) and among the elderly are limited, especially in developing countries. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 1563 residents aged 59.5    9.4 years from an urban district of Beijing, China. All @entity0 had an eGFR >30 mL/ @entity6 .73 m(2). Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and eGFR were assessed at baseline, and their relation with mortality and renal function decline after a 4-year follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS: During 4 years (6142 @entity0 -years) of follow-up, 59 @entity2 occurred (9.6 per 1000 @entity0 -years). After adjusting for potential confounders, @entity4 was associated with increased risk of mortality, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53-6.26]. Altogether 183 @entity0 (12.3%) developed renal function decline, with a median change of eGFR of -20.0 mL/ @entity6 .73 m(2). Presence of @entity4 was significantly associated renal function decline, with an OR of 1.79 (95% CI 1.02-3.15). Plasma @entity3 (OR = 1.25/59  mol/L increase, 95% CI 1.10-1.43) and age (OR = 1.35/5 years increase, 95% CI 1.22-1.50) was also independently associated with renal function decline. Baseline eGFR was not significantly associated with either mortality or renal function decline in our analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with eGFR, @entity4 is a strong independent predictor for both mortality and renal function decline among a Chinese population with normal or mildly @entity1 . Furthermore, plasma @entity3 level and age are also independently associated with renal function decline and therefore may be used for identifying @entity0 at higher risk of @entity5 progression.

title: Mortality and renal function decline among a community-based Chinese population with normal or mildly XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between probenecid and @entity5 (the active metabolite of @entity2 ) in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: This was an open-label observational clinical study. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure @entity5 and urate concentrations. We examined the effects of adding probenecid to @entity2 therapy upon plasma concentrations and renal clearances of urate and @entity5 . RESULTS: Twenty @entity0 taking @entity2 100-400 mg daily completed the study. Maximum coadministered doses of probenecid were 250 mg/day (n = 1), 500 mg/day (n = 19), 1000 mg/day (n = 7), 1500 mg/day (n = 3), and 2000 mg/day (n = 1). All doses except the 250 mg daily dose were divided and dosing was twice daily. Estimated @entity4 clearances ranged from 28 to 113 ml/min. Addition of probenecid 500 mg/day to @entity2 therapy decreased plasma urate concentrations by 25%, from mean 0.37 mmol/l (95% CI 0.33-0.41) to mean 0.28 mmol/l (95% CI 0.24-0.32) (p < 0.001); and increased renal urate clearance by 62%, from mean 6.0 ml/min (95% CI 4.5-7.5) to mean 9.6 ml/min (95% CI 6.9-12.3) (p < 0.001). Average steady-state plasma @entity5 concentrations decreased by 26%, from mean 11.1 mg/l (95% CI 5.0-17.3) to mean 8.2 mg/l (95% CI 4.0-12.4) (p < 0.001); and renal @entity5 clearance increased by 24%, from mean 12.7 ml/min (95% CI 9.6-15.8) to mean 16.1 ml/min (95% CI 12.0-20.2) (p < 0.05). The additional hypouricemic effect of probenecid 500 mg/day appeared to be lower in @entity0 with @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Coadministration of @entity2 with probenecid had a significantly greater hypouricemic effect than @entity2 alone despite an associated reduction of plasma @entity5 concentrations. Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN012606000276550.

title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between XXXX and probenecid in @entity0 with @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between probenecid and @entity5 (the active metabolite of @entity2 ) in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: This was an open-label observational clinical study. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure @entity5 and urate concentrations. We examined the effects of adding probenecid to @entity2 therapy upon plasma concentrations and renal clearances of urate and @entity5 . RESULTS: Twenty @entity0 taking @entity2 100-400 mg daily completed the study. Maximum coadministered doses of probenecid were 250 mg/day (n = 1), 500 mg/day (n = 19), 1000 mg/day (n = 7), 1500 mg/day (n = 3), and 2000 mg/day (n = 1). All doses except the 250 mg daily dose were divided and dosing was twice daily. Estimated @entity4 clearances ranged from 28 to 113 ml/min. Addition of probenecid 500 mg/day to @entity2 therapy decreased plasma urate concentrations by 25%, from mean 0.37 mmol/l (95% CI 0.33-0.41) to mean 0.28 mmol/l (95% CI 0.24-0.32) (p < 0.001); and increased renal urate clearance by 62%, from mean 6.0 ml/min (95% CI 4.5-7.5) to mean 9.6 ml/min (95% CI 6.9-12.3) (p < 0.001). Average steady-state plasma @entity5 concentrations decreased by 26%, from mean 11.1 mg/l (95% CI 5.0-17.3) to mean 8.2 mg/l (95% CI 4.0-12.4) (p < 0.001); and renal @entity5 clearance increased by 24%, from mean 12.7 ml/min (95% CI 9.6-15.8) to mean 16.1 ml/min (95% CI 12.0-20.2) (p < 0.05). The additional hypouricemic effect of probenecid 500 mg/day appeared to be lower in @entity0 with @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Coadministration of @entity2 with probenecid had a significantly greater hypouricemic effect than @entity2 alone despite an associated reduction of plasma @entity5 concentrations. Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN012606000276550.

title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between @entity2 and probenecid in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between probenecid and @entity5 (the active metabolite of @entity2 ) in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: This was an open-label observational clinical study. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure @entity5 and urate concentrations. We examined the effects of adding probenecid to @entity2 therapy upon plasma concentrations and renal clearances of urate and @entity5 . RESULTS: Twenty @entity0 taking @entity2 100-400 mg daily completed the study. Maximum coadministered doses of probenecid were 250 mg/day (n = 1), 500 mg/day (n = 19), 1000 mg/day (n = 7), 1500 mg/day (n = 3), and 2000 mg/day (n = 1). All doses except the 250 mg daily dose were divided and dosing was twice daily. Estimated @entity4 clearances ranged from 28 to 113 ml/min. Addition of probenecid 500 mg/day to @entity2 therapy decreased plasma urate concentrations by 25%, from mean 0.37 mmol/l (95% CI 0.33-0.41) to mean 0.28 mmol/l (95% CI 0.24-0.32) (p < 0.001); and increased renal urate clearance by 62%, from mean 6.0 ml/min (95% CI 4.5-7.5) to mean 9.6 ml/min (95% CI 6.9-12.3) (p < 0.001). Average steady-state plasma @entity5 concentrations decreased by 26%, from mean 11.1 mg/l (95% CI 5.0-17.3) to mean 8.2 mg/l (95% CI 4.0-12.4) (p < 0.001); and renal @entity5 clearance increased by 24%, from mean 12.7 ml/min (95% CI 9.6-15.8) to mean 16.1 ml/min (95% CI 12.0-20.2) (p < 0.05). The additional hypouricemic effect of probenecid 500 mg/day appeared to be lower in @entity0 with @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Coadministration of @entity2 with probenecid had a significantly greater hypouricemic effect than @entity2 alone despite an associated reduction of plasma @entity5 concentrations. Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN012606000276550.

title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between @entity2 and probenecid in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Clastogenic injury of the erythroid lineage results in @entity1 , reticulocytopenia, and transient appearance of micronucleated reticulocytes. However, the micronucleated reticulocyte dose-response in @entity0 models is only linear to 2 Gy total body irradiation and paradoxically decreases at higher exposures, suggesting complex radiation effects on erythroid intermediates. To better understand this phenomenon, we investigated the kinetics and apoptotic response of the erythron to sublethal @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the response to 1 and 4 Gy total body irradiation of erythroid progenitors and precursors using colony assays and imaging flow cytometry, respectively. We also investigated cell cycling and apoptotic gene expression of the steady-state erythron. RESULTS: After 1 Gy total body irradiation, erythroid progenitors and precursors were partially depleted. In contrast, essentially all bone marrow erythroid progenitors and precursors were lost within 2 days after 4 Gy irradiation. Imaging flow cytometry analysis revealed preferential loss of phenotypic erythroid colony-forming units and proerythroblasts immediately after sublethal irradiation. Furthermore, these populations underwent radiation-induced apoptosis, without changes in steady-state cellular proliferation, at much higher frequencies than later-stage erythroid precursors. Primary erythroid precursor maturation is associated with marked @entity5 upregulation and @entity3 and @entity4 downregulation. CONCLUSIONS: Micronucleated reticulocyte loss after higher sublethal radiation exposures results from rapid depletion of erythroid progenitors and precursors. This injury reveals that erythroid colony-forming units and proerythroblasts constitute a particularly proapoptotic compartment within the erythron. We conclude that the functional transition of primary proerythroblasts to later-stage erythroid precursors is characterized by a shift from a proapoptotic to an antiapoptotic phenotype.

title: XXXX uncovers a functional transition during erythroid maturation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest the role of muscular strength has been increasingly recognized in the prevention of @entity2 in early life, and features of the @entity1 have also been negatively associated with muscle strength in adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine whether the association between muscular @entity4 and physical health status among @entity0 and adolescents from Bogot  , Colombia. METHODS: cross-sectional study in 921 schoolchildren aged 8-11 years from Bogot  , Colombia. A @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was measured using handgrip strength and standing long jump and vertical jump. Each of these variables was standardized as follows: standardized value = (value = mean)/SD. The @entity3 score was calculated as the mean of the three standardized scores. @entity4 was recoded into quartiles Q1 (low @entity4 ) to Q4 (high @entity4 ). The body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness, waist and hip circumference, body composition by bioimpedance (BIA), blood pressure and self-declaration sexual maturation were measured such as indicators associated with future cardiovascular events. RESULTS: the average age was 13.0    2.6 years. @entity0 with Q4 (high @entity4 ), show a better physical health status (BMI, blood pressure, body fat and waist circumference (BMI, blood pressure, body fat and waist circumference, p[linear X2] = 0.01). Individuals with Q1 and Q3 (low @entity4 ) had 4.06 times (95%CI 2.60 to 6.34; p = 0.043) risk of excess body fat and 1.57 times (95%CI 1.02 -1.89; p = 0.020) risk of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: our results show that @entity3 is associated with better physical health status. The testing of muscle strength at early ages should be included in health- monitoring systems.

title: [ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MUSCULAR FITNESS AND PHYSICAL HEALTH STATUS AMONG XXXX AND ADOLESCENTS FROM BOGOT  , COLOMBIA].

answer: @entity0


abstract: A unique myocardial characteristic is its ability to grow/remodel in order to adapt; this is determined partly by genes and partly by the environment and the milieu int  rieur. In the "post-genomic" @entity2 , a need is emerging to elucidate the physiologic functions of myocardial genes, as well as potential adaptive and maladaptive modulations induced by environmental/epigenetic factors. Genome sequencing and analysis advances have become exponential lately, with escalation of our knowledge concerning sometimes controversial genetic underpinnings of @entity0 . Current technologies can identify candidate genes variously involved in diverse normal/abnormal morphomechanical phenotypes, and offer insights into @entity0 . The expression profiles of thousands of genes are regularly ascertained under diverse conditions. Global analyses of gene expression levels are useful for cataloging genes and correlated phenotypes, and for elucidating the role of genes in maladies. Comparative expression of gene networks coupled to complex disorders can contribute insights as to how "modifier genes" influence the expressed phenotypes. Increasingly, a more comprehensive and detailed systematic understanding of @entity1 underlying, for example, various @entity1 is emerging. Implementing genomic findings in cardiology practice may well lead directly to better diagnosing and therapeutics. There is currently evolving a strong appreciation for the value of studying gene anomalies, and doing so in a non-disjointed, cohesive manner. However, it is challenging for many-practitioners and investigators-to comprehend, interpret, and utilize the clinically increasingly accessible and affordable cardiovascular genomics studies. This survey addresses the need for fundamental understanding in this vital area.

title: Linking Genes to XXXX : Gene Action and Gene-Environment Interactions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: An adjuvanted @entity3 bacterin containing attachment antigens and cornea-degrading enzyme antigens protected @entity0 from @entity4 ( @entity4 ) when experimentally challenged with homologous and heterologous challenge cultures of @entity2 . This bacterin also protected @entity0 against field exposure to @entity2 . Transmission electron microscopy and @entity1 labeled anti-M. bovis pili antiserum showed pili on the @entity2 bacterin strain. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a fibrillar glycocalyx. The bacterin strain of @entity2 , but not all strains of @entity2 , destroyed @entity0 corneal cell monolayers in vitro. @entity0 corneal cells began to separate from each other within 5 min after @entity2 organisms were added and adhered to the cell monolayers. @entity3 organisms remained attached to the disintegrating cells as the cell membrane separated and was digested. Vaccination stimulated bacterial agglutination antibodies. However, protection against experimental challenge was more closely related to the cornea-degrading enzyme content of the experimental bacterins. Twenty-two of 29 @entity0 (76%) vaccinated with bacterins containing a relative enzyme activity (REA) greater than 0.4 were protected in a rigorous challenge of immunity test. Only 1 of 21 non-vaccinated @entity0 (5%) was free of @entity4 . Ninety-two percent (24/26) of @entity0 vaccinated with a bacterin containing a REA greater than 0.29 remained free of @entity4 following field exposure, whereas 47% (8/17) non-vaccinated @entity0 developed @entity4 . Only 8 of 12 @entity0 (67%) vaccinated with a bacterin containing a REA of 0.09 remained free of @entity4 . In a larger field efficacy test consisting of 32 herds in six states, the incidence of @entity4 in individual herds ranged from 0% to 55%. The overall rate of infection was 11.2%. Vaccination of @entity0 with an @entity2 bacterin that contained a REA of 0.63 reduced the incidence of @entity4 from 11.2% (217/1931) in the non-vaccinated controls to 4.3% (66/1520) in @entity0 vaccinated once and to 3.1% (48/1536) in @entity0 vaccinated twice.

title: Immunogenicity of a XXXX bacterin containing attachment and cornea-degrading enzyme antigens.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 is a rare condition resulting from an acute disruption of renal blood flow, and the cause and outcome of @entity7 are not well established. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. SETTING _ @entity0 : 438 @entity0 with @entity7 in January 1993 to December 2013 at 9 hospitals in Korea were included. @entity7 was defined by radiologic findings that included single or multiple wedge-shaped parenchymal perfusion defects in the kidney. PREDICTOR: Causes of @entity7 included cardiogenic (n=244 [55.7%]), @entity1 (n=33 [7.5%]), hypercoagulable (n=29 [6.6%]), and idiopathic (n=132 [30.1%]) factors. OUTCOMES: We used recurrence, @entity4 (AKI; defined as @entity6 level increase  >=  0.3mg/dL within 48 hours or an increase to 150% of baseline level within 7 days during the sentinel hospitalization), new-onset estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60mL/ @entity5 .73m(2) (for >3 months after @entity7 in the absence of a history of decreased eGFR), @entity3 ( @entity3 ; receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis because of irreversible @entity1 ), and mortality as outcome metrics. RESULTS: Treatment included urokinase (n=19), heparin (n=342), @entity8 (n=330), and antiplatelet agents (n=157). 5% of @entity0 died during the initial hospitalization. During the median 20.0 (range, 1-223) months of follow-up, 2.8% of @entity0 had recurrent @entity7 , 20.1% of @entity0 developed AKI, 10.9% of @entity0 developed new-onset eGFR<60mL/ @entity5 .73m(2), and 2.1% of @entity0 progressed to @entity3 . LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective study; it cannot clearly determine the specific causal mechanism for certain @entity0 or provide information about the causes of mortality. 16 @entity0 were excluded from the prognostic analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiogenic origins were the most important causes of @entity7 . Despite aggressive treatment, @entity7 can lead to AKI, new-onset eGFR<60mL/ @entity5 .73m(2), @entity3 , and @entity2 .

title: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: We have documented @entity2 in 42 of 89 @entity0 with transfusion-dependent @entity3 who were receiving @entity1 chelation therapy with subcutaneous @entity9 ( @entity10 ). Of the affected groups, 13 presented with @entity2 or @entity7 or both, and ophthalmologic, audiologic, and visual evoked potential studies (VEPs) uncovered @entity4 in 29 more. Four @entity0 with @entity2 had @entity6 with a marked @entity5 . These 4, and 16 other asymptomatic @entity0 , had abnormal VEPs. When @entity10 was stopped, 3 of 4 with visual problems regained normal visual function but VEPs remained abnormal. Of the other 16 with abnormal VEPs, 9 became normal or improved and 7 did not change; on restarting @entity10 , the 9 became abnormal again. There were 22 abnormal audiograms that showed a high-frequency sensorineural deficit; 13 @entity0 were symptomatic and 4 needed hearing aids. On stopping @entity10 , 9 became asymptomatic but 15 audiograms remained abnormal and 2 deteriorated further on restarting the drug. An analysis of the clinical data showed that members of the affected group were younger, had lower serum ferritin values, and were self-administering higher doses of @entity10 /kg body weight. Significantly lower doses of @entity10 were being taken by @entity0 without @entity4 than by those with visual symptoms, abnormal audiograms, or prolonged VEPs (P less than 0.001, less than 0.006, and less than 0.04, respectively). The data implicate high-dose @entity10 as a central factor in the pathogenesis of the @entity8 . Our serial studies provide the basis for effective yet safe @entity10 administration for @entity0 who require the agent.

title: XXXX associated with @entity9 therapy.

answer: @entity8


abstract: We have documented @entity2 in 42 of 89 @entity0 with transfusion-dependent @entity3 who were receiving @entity1 chelation therapy with subcutaneous @entity9 ( @entity10 ). Of the affected groups, 13 presented with @entity2 or @entity7 or both, and ophthalmologic, audiologic, and visual evoked potential studies (VEPs) uncovered @entity4 in 29 more. Four @entity0 with @entity2 had @entity6 with a marked @entity5 . These 4, and 16 other asymptomatic @entity0 , had abnormal VEPs. When @entity10 was stopped, 3 of 4 with visual problems regained normal visual function but VEPs remained abnormal. Of the other 16 with abnormal VEPs, 9 became normal or improved and 7 did not change; on restarting @entity10 , the 9 became abnormal again. There were 22 abnormal audiograms that showed a high-frequency sensorineural deficit; 13 @entity0 were symptomatic and 4 needed hearing aids. On stopping @entity10 , 9 became asymptomatic but 15 audiograms remained abnormal and 2 deteriorated further on restarting the drug. An analysis of the clinical data showed that members of the affected group were younger, had lower serum ferritin values, and were self-administering higher doses of @entity10 /kg body weight. Significantly lower doses of @entity10 were being taken by @entity0 without @entity4 than by those with visual symptoms, abnormal audiograms, or prolonged VEPs (P less than 0.001, less than 0.006, and less than 0.04, respectively). The data implicate high-dose @entity10 as a central factor in the pathogenesis of the @entity8 . Our serial studies provide the basis for effective yet safe @entity10 administration for @entity0 who require the agent.

title: @entity8 associated with XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) comprise a group of @entity3 characterized by progressive @entity7 and often premature death. The primary defect common to most @entity8 involves disruption of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). This leads to sarcolemmal instability and @entity4 influx, inducing cellular @entity1 . Here we have shown that the @entity8 phenotype observed in   -sarcoglycan   null ( @entity10 (   /   )) @entity0 and dystrophin mutant mdx @entity0 is dramatically improved by skeletal muscle   specific overexpression of sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity4 ATPase 1 ( @entity11 ). Rates of myofiber central nucleation, tissue @entity2 , and serum @entity6 kinase levels were dramatically reduced in @entity10 (   /   ) and mdx @entity0 with the @entity11 transgene, which also rescued the loss of exercise capacity in @entity10 (   /   ) @entity0 . Adeno-associated virus   @entity9 (AAV- @entity9 ) gene therapy in the gastrocnemius muscle of @entity10 (   /   ) @entity0 mitigated @entity8 . @entity11 overexpression reversed a defect in sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity4 reuptake that characterizes @entity8 and reduced total cytosolic @entity4 . Further, @entity11 overexpression almost completely rescued the @entity8 phenotype in a @entity0 model of @entity5 driven solely by @entity4 influx. Mitochondria isolated from the muscle of @entity11 - @entity10 (   /   ) @entity0 were no longer swollen and calpain activation was reduced, suggesting protection from @entity4 -driven @entity1 . Our results suggest a novel therapeutic approach using @entity11 to abrogate the altered intracellular @entity4 levels that underlie most forms of @entity5 .

title: XXXX in @entity0 by SERCA overexpression in skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) comprise a group of @entity3 characterized by progressive @entity7 and often premature death. The primary defect common to most @entity8 involves disruption of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). This leads to sarcolemmal instability and @entity4 influx, inducing cellular @entity1 . Here we have shown that the @entity8 phenotype observed in   -sarcoglycan   null ( @entity10 (   /   )) @entity0 and dystrophin mutant mdx @entity0 is dramatically improved by skeletal muscle   specific overexpression of sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity4 ATPase 1 ( @entity11 ). Rates of myofiber central nucleation, tissue @entity2 , and serum @entity6 kinase levels were dramatically reduced in @entity10 (   /   ) and mdx @entity0 with the @entity11 transgene, which also rescued the loss of exercise capacity in @entity10 (   /   ) @entity0 . Adeno-associated virus   @entity9 (AAV- @entity9 ) gene therapy in the gastrocnemius muscle of @entity10 (   /   ) @entity0 mitigated @entity8 . @entity11 overexpression reversed a defect in sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity4 reuptake that characterizes @entity8 and reduced total cytosolic @entity4 . Further, @entity11 overexpression almost completely rescued the @entity8 phenotype in a @entity0 model of @entity5 driven solely by @entity4 influx. Mitochondria isolated from the muscle of @entity11 - @entity10 (   /   ) @entity0 were no longer swollen and calpain activation was reduced, suggesting protection from @entity4 -driven @entity1 . Our results suggest a novel therapeutic approach using @entity11 to abrogate the altered intracellular @entity4 levels that underlie most forms of @entity5 .

title: @entity8 in XXXX by SERCA overexpression in skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Thrombi defined as intraluminal filling defects detected by angiography were identified in 30 @entity0 (29 in the carotid system, one in the vertebral artery). @entity2 was the presentation ipsilateral to the @entity3 in 22 @entity0 (12 had previous transient @entity1 attacks), transient @entity1 attacks occurred alone in seven cases, and one @entity0 was asymptomatic. Angiography revealed a severe @entity5 in association with the @entity3 in 23 @entity0 , a moderate @entity5 in four @entity0 , and, in the three @entity0 with only minimal @entity5 presumably due to @entity4 , there was evidence for a @entity6 . Sixteen of the 30 @entity0 were operated on urgently, 10 within 24 hours of detection of the @entity3 . Twelve of these 16 surgical @entity0 were given anticoagulation before surgery. At endarterectomy, @entity3 was identified in 11 of the 14 surgical @entity0 in whom the @entity3 was accessible; the other two surgical @entity0 had @entity8 only. In this group, four of 11 surgical @entity0 with accessible thrombi suffered perioperative episodes of new or larger @entity7 . Fourteen of the 30 @entity0 initially received medical management with no complication. Eight of these 14 medical @entity0 had repeat angiography; seven exhibited complete resolution of @entity3 , and six of these seven @entity0 subsequently underwent delayed endarterectomy for the @entity5 . No @entity3 was identified at surgery in any of the six. One of the six delayed surgery @entity0 suffered a perioperative @entity2 . Although these numbers are small, reflecting the rarity of @entity3 demonstrated by angiography, undetected @entity3 is often found at endarterectomy. Its presence may increase operative risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intraluminal XXXX in the cerebral circulation. Implications for surgical management.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Until recently outcome studies in @entity1 lacked standardized measures, and outcome expectations were generally pessimistic. The Remission in @entity1 Working Group (RSWG) published operationalized criteria for symptomatic remission in 2005. These criteria have been extensively applied in research settings and have stimulated research into other components of outcome, particularly functional outcome and quality of life. Attention has also shifted beyond remission to the more difficult to attain and complex concept of recovery. The purpose of this review is to examine recent studies on these topics and to assess whether progress has been made towards a broader @entity2 and recovery. RECENT FINDINGS: Reported remission rates vary widely across studies (17-88%). @entity0 in remission do better than their nonremitted counterparts in several other outcome domains. Predictors of remission include early treatment response, and baseline symptom severity and subjective well being. @entity0 move in and out of remission over time. At present, there is no consensus on methods of measuring other outcome domains, particularly functional status and quality of life. SUMMARY: The RSWG remission criteria are easy to apply and define an achievable and desirable treatment goal. Measures of social and occupational functional outcome, quality of life and cognitive status need to be further developed and standardized before remission and recovery criteria can be more broadly defined.

title: The concepts of remission and recovery in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Medical care for chronic conditions imposes a substantial burden on healthcare systems designed originally for acute @entity2 . The notion of @entity1 self-management (CDSM) has been developed as a means of encouraging individuals with chronic conditions to self-manage their own health. It is known that successful @entity1 management reduces hospital admission rates and improves @entity0 ' quality of life. Although recognized widely by other medical disciplines, it is beginning to have an impact on @entity3 practice; therefore, a review of how the CDSM approach is implemented in psychiatry is timely. RECENT FINDINGS: The move toward self-management in general medicine can be seen by and large as a holistic approach that encourages the @entity0 to work in partnership with health professionals to improve outcomes and assist @entity0 to better manage their healthcare needs. One of the defining features of CDSM approaches is the active collaboration between the @entity0 and the healthcare professional. Five mechanisms that demonstrate such active collaboration are self-directed care, illness management and recovery, shared decision-making, joint crisis planning and wellness planning. Their use in psychiatry is discussed. SUMMARY: The key feature of CDSM approaches is an active collaboration between healthcare professionals and healthcare consumers. It is a fundamental shift away from traditional active expert/passive @entity0 treatment modes. Each of the five approaches discussed exemplifies the active participation in treatment planning by both consumers and mental health professionals.

title: Use of ' XXXX self-management strategies' in mental healthcare.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether serial electroencephalographic (EEG) findings can predict relapse of @entity1 after synthetic @entity4 (ACTH) therapy in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity3 @entity0 (8 cryptogenic and 31 symptomatic) were included in this study. These @entity0 received ACTH therapy for the first time and were regularly followed up for more than three years at our hospital. Sixteen @entity0 (41.0%) showed @entity2 relapse (relapse group) and 23 @entity0 (59.0%) did not show relapse (non-relapse group). We used survival analysis to investigate the influence of etiology and presence of @entity1 discharges after the ACTH therapy on @entity2 outcome. RESULTS: Immediately after the ACTH therapy, etiology was associated with @entity2 outcome (p=0.003). In the early stage (1 month after the ACTH therapy), only the presence of @entity1 discharges (p=0.001) had a significant association with @entity2 outcome, regardless of etiology. Because all relapsed @entity0 were in the symptomatic group, we performed the same statistical analysis on symptomatic @entity3 @entity0 data only. We found that the group with no @entity1 discharges on EEG showed a significantly higher @entity2 -free rate than those with @entity1 discharges in the early stage (p=0.0091). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that serial EEG findings after ACTH therapy are significantly related to relapse of @entity1 .

title: Predictive factors for relapse of XXXX after @entity4 therapy in @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether serial electroencephalographic (EEG) findings can predict relapse of @entity1 after synthetic @entity4 (ACTH) therapy in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity3 @entity0 (8 cryptogenic and 31 symptomatic) were included in this study. These @entity0 received ACTH therapy for the first time and were regularly followed up for more than three years at our hospital. Sixteen @entity0 (41.0%) showed @entity2 relapse (relapse group) and 23 @entity0 (59.0%) did not show relapse (non-relapse group). We used survival analysis to investigate the influence of etiology and presence of @entity1 discharges after the ACTH therapy on @entity2 outcome. RESULTS: Immediately after the ACTH therapy, etiology was associated with @entity2 outcome (p=0.003). In the early stage (1 month after the ACTH therapy), only the presence of @entity1 discharges (p=0.001) had a significant association with @entity2 outcome, regardless of etiology. Because all relapsed @entity0 were in the symptomatic group, we performed the same statistical analysis on symptomatic @entity3 @entity0 data only. We found that the group with no @entity1 discharges on EEG showed a significantly higher @entity2 -free rate than those with @entity1 discharges in the early stage (p=0.0091). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that serial EEG findings after ACTH therapy are significantly related to relapse of @entity1 .

title: Predictive factors for relapse of @entity1 after XXXX therapy in @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether serial electroencephalographic (EEG) findings can predict relapse of @entity1 after synthetic @entity4 (ACTH) therapy in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity3 @entity0 (8 cryptogenic and 31 symptomatic) were included in this study. These @entity0 received ACTH therapy for the first time and were regularly followed up for more than three years at our hospital. Sixteen @entity0 (41.0%) showed @entity2 relapse (relapse group) and 23 @entity0 (59.0%) did not show relapse (non-relapse group). We used survival analysis to investigate the influence of etiology and presence of @entity1 discharges after the ACTH therapy on @entity2 outcome. RESULTS: Immediately after the ACTH therapy, etiology was associated with @entity2 outcome (p=0.003). In the early stage (1 month after the ACTH therapy), only the presence of @entity1 discharges (p=0.001) had a significant association with @entity2 outcome, regardless of etiology. Because all relapsed @entity0 were in the symptomatic group, we performed the same statistical analysis on symptomatic @entity3 @entity0 data only. We found that the group with no @entity1 discharges on EEG showed a significantly higher @entity2 -free rate than those with @entity1 discharges in the early stage (p=0.0091). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that serial EEG findings after ACTH therapy are significantly related to relapse of @entity1 .

title: Predictive factors for relapse of @entity1 after @entity4 therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the total @entity0 burden associated with clinical development and where burdens fall most heavily during a drug development program. Our goal was to quantify the total @entity0 burden/benefit in developing a new drug. METHODS: We measured risk using drug-related adverse events that were grade 3 or higher, benefit by objective response rate, and trial outcomes by whether studies met their primary endpoint with acceptable safety. The differences in risk ( @entity3 rate) and benefit (overall response rate) between industry and nonindustry trials were analyzed with an inverse-variance weighted fixed effects meta-analysis implemented as a weighted regression analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: We identified 103 primary publications of @entity4 monotherapy, representing 9092 @entity0 and 3991 @entity0 -years of involvement over 10 years and 32 different @entity1 . In total, 1052 @entity0 receiving @entity4 monotherapy experienced objective @entity1 response (15.7% of intent-to-treat population, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 15.3% to 16.0%), 98 died from drug-related @entity2 (1.08%, 95% CI = 1.02% to 1.14%), and at least 1245 experienced grade 3-4 drug-related @entity2 (13.7%, 95% CI = 13.3% to 14.1%). Risk/benefit worsened as the development program matured, with several instances of replicated negative studies and almost no positive trials after the first responding @entity1 were discovered. CONCLUSIONS: Even for a successful drug, the risk/benefit balance of trials was similar to phase I cancer trials in general. @entity4 monotherapy development showed worsening risk/benefit, and the testing of new indications responded slowly to evidence that @entity4 monotherapy would not extend to new @entity1 . Research decision-making should draw on evidence from whole research programs rather than a narrow band of studies in the same indication.

title: Benefit, Risk, and Outcomes in Drug Development: A Systematic Review of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 46-year-old @entity0 had signs of @entity7 and @entity12 . Serum immunoreactive TSH and its alpha-subunit increased in the presence of high serum @entity5 (T3), @entity6 (T4), and free T4 concentrations, whereas beta-subunit TSH was undetectable. Exogenous @entity3 failed to increase serum TSH. Serum TSH was markedly suppressed by glucocorticoid, but was increased by antithyroid drug. L-Dopa or @entity8 partially suppressed, but @entity11 had no influence on serum TSH. Serum prolactin (Prl) was above normal and markedly increased by @entity3 , but @entity2 by @entity8 and not suppressed by @entity11 . Plasma @entity3 was normal in the @entity4 state, but was increased by glucocorticoid and antithyroid drug. Excess thyroid hormone @entity2 plasma @entity3 concentrations. Basal serum GH levels were constantly low. @entity1 normalized serum hormones (T3, T4 free T4, @entity9 ), and eradicated the clinical signs of @entity4 and @entity12 . Histological study of the @entity1 tissue demonstrated both thyrotrophes and somatotrophes. A reciprocal relationship between serum TSH and T4 concentrations shifted to a higher level before but was normalized after @entity1 . Ten months later, the clinical signs of @entity7 and the increase in serum @entity10 recurred without a concomitant increase in serum TSH and its alpha-subunit. Thyroidal auto-antibodies were slightly positive, but thyrotrophin-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) was negative. Administration of antithyroid drug produced a euthyroid state, but 3 years later, discontinuation of the treatment resulted in recurrent @entity4 without suppressed plasma @entity3 and with no evidence of regrowth of the @entity1 . It is suggested that the @entity0 initially had @entity4 owing to excessive TSH secretion from the @entity1 caused by abnormal @entity3 secretion, and subsequently had @entity4 owing to @entity7 .

title: @entity4 caused by a pituitary thyrotrophin-secreting @entity1 with excessive secretion of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and subsequently followed by XXXX in a middle-aged @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: A 46-year-old @entity0 had signs of @entity7 and @entity12 . Serum immunoreactive TSH and its alpha-subunit increased in the presence of high serum @entity5 (T3), @entity6 (T4), and free T4 concentrations, whereas beta-subunit TSH was undetectable. Exogenous @entity3 failed to increase serum TSH. Serum TSH was markedly suppressed by glucocorticoid, but was increased by antithyroid drug. L-Dopa or @entity8 partially suppressed, but @entity11 had no influence on serum TSH. Serum prolactin (Prl) was above normal and markedly increased by @entity3 , but @entity2 by @entity8 and not suppressed by @entity11 . Plasma @entity3 was normal in the @entity4 state, but was increased by glucocorticoid and antithyroid drug. Excess thyroid hormone @entity2 plasma @entity3 concentrations. Basal serum GH levels were constantly low. @entity1 normalized serum hormones (T3, T4 free T4, @entity9 ), and eradicated the clinical signs of @entity4 and @entity12 . Histological study of the @entity1 tissue demonstrated both thyrotrophes and somatotrophes. A reciprocal relationship between serum TSH and T4 concentrations shifted to a higher level before but was normalized after @entity1 . Ten months later, the clinical signs of @entity7 and the increase in serum @entity10 recurred without a concomitant increase in serum TSH and its alpha-subunit. Thyroidal auto-antibodies were slightly positive, but thyrotrophin-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) was negative. Administration of antithyroid drug produced a euthyroid state, but 3 years later, discontinuation of the treatment resulted in recurrent @entity4 without suppressed plasma @entity3 and with no evidence of regrowth of the @entity1 . It is suggested that the @entity0 initially had @entity4 owing to excessive TSH secretion from the @entity1 caused by abnormal @entity3 secretion, and subsequently had @entity4 owing to @entity7 .

title: XXXX caused by a pituitary thyrotrophin-secreting @entity1 with excessive secretion of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and subsequently followed by @entity7 in a middle-aged @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 46-year-old @entity0 had signs of @entity7 and @entity12 . Serum immunoreactive TSH and its alpha-subunit increased in the presence of high serum @entity5 (T3), @entity6 (T4), and free T4 concentrations, whereas beta-subunit TSH was undetectable. Exogenous @entity3 failed to increase serum TSH. Serum TSH was markedly suppressed by glucocorticoid, but was increased by antithyroid drug. L-Dopa or @entity8 partially suppressed, but @entity11 had no influence on serum TSH. Serum prolactin (Prl) was above normal and markedly increased by @entity3 , but @entity2 by @entity8 and not suppressed by @entity11 . Plasma @entity3 was normal in the @entity4 state, but was increased by glucocorticoid and antithyroid drug. Excess thyroid hormone @entity2 plasma @entity3 concentrations. Basal serum GH levels were constantly low. @entity1 normalized serum hormones (T3, T4 free T4, @entity9 ), and eradicated the clinical signs of @entity4 and @entity12 . Histological study of the @entity1 tissue demonstrated both thyrotrophes and somatotrophes. A reciprocal relationship between serum TSH and T4 concentrations shifted to a higher level before but was normalized after @entity1 . Ten months later, the clinical signs of @entity7 and the increase in serum @entity10 recurred without a concomitant increase in serum TSH and its alpha-subunit. Thyroidal auto-antibodies were slightly positive, but thyrotrophin-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) was negative. Administration of antithyroid drug produced a euthyroid state, but 3 years later, discontinuation of the treatment resulted in recurrent @entity4 without suppressed plasma @entity3 and with no evidence of regrowth of the @entity1 . It is suggested that the @entity0 initially had @entity4 owing to excessive TSH secretion from the @entity1 caused by abnormal @entity3 secretion, and subsequently had @entity4 owing to @entity7 .

title: @entity4 caused by a pituitary thyrotrophin-secreting XXXX with excessive secretion of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and subsequently followed by @entity7 in a middle-aged @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 46-year-old @entity0 had signs of @entity7 and @entity12 . Serum immunoreactive TSH and its alpha-subunit increased in the presence of high serum @entity5 (T3), @entity6 (T4), and free T4 concentrations, whereas beta-subunit TSH was undetectable. Exogenous @entity3 failed to increase serum TSH. Serum TSH was markedly suppressed by glucocorticoid, but was increased by antithyroid drug. L-Dopa or @entity8 partially suppressed, but @entity11 had no influence on serum TSH. Serum prolactin (Prl) was above normal and markedly increased by @entity3 , but @entity2 by @entity8 and not suppressed by @entity11 . Plasma @entity3 was normal in the @entity4 state, but was increased by glucocorticoid and antithyroid drug. Excess thyroid hormone @entity2 plasma @entity3 concentrations. Basal serum GH levels were constantly low. @entity1 normalized serum hormones (T3, T4 free T4, @entity9 ), and eradicated the clinical signs of @entity4 and @entity12 . Histological study of the @entity1 tissue demonstrated both thyrotrophes and somatotrophes. A reciprocal relationship between serum TSH and T4 concentrations shifted to a higher level before but was normalized after @entity1 . Ten months later, the clinical signs of @entity7 and the increase in serum @entity10 recurred without a concomitant increase in serum TSH and its alpha-subunit. Thyroidal auto-antibodies were slightly positive, but thyrotrophin-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) was negative. Administration of antithyroid drug produced a euthyroid state, but 3 years later, discontinuation of the treatment resulted in recurrent @entity4 without suppressed plasma @entity3 and with no evidence of regrowth of the @entity1 . It is suggested that the @entity0 initially had @entity4 owing to excessive TSH secretion from the @entity1 caused by abnormal @entity3 secretion, and subsequently had @entity4 owing to @entity7 .

title: @entity4 caused by a pituitary thyrotrophin-secreting @entity1 with excessive secretion of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and subsequently followed by @entity7 in a middle-aged XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The spread of microorganisms resistant to some antimicrobial agents necessitates the need to search for novel and effective antimicrobial agents. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of Terminalid catappa Linn. (Combretaceae) and Vitex doniana Sweet. (Verbenaceae), two Nigerian medicinal plants used in folk medicines for the management of various ailments related to microbial infections were evaluated. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the crude @entity4 extracts and fractions of the leaves and stem bark of T. catappa and V. doniana. METHODOLOGY: Four crude @entity4 extracts and 16 ( @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity8 and aqueous) fractions of leaves and stem bark of T. catappa and V doniana were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against fifteen (15) strains of bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial activity was determined in a 96-well plate using a resazurin based broth microdilution method. Two standard antimicrobial drugs @entity1 and @entity7 were included as positive control. RESULTS: The butanoL fraction of stem bark of T. catappa and @entity4 crude extract of leaf of V don iana displayed the highest antibacterial activity with similar @entity6 ( @entity6 ) value of 93.75 microg/mL against @entity0 and @entity5 . Furthermore, the @entity3 fraction of stem bark of T. catappa showed the highest antifungal activity with @entity6 of 187.5 microg/mL against A. sydowi. Amp icillin had @entity6 of 15.6 and 31.3 microg/mL against @entity0 and B. subtili, respectively while @entity7 produced @entity6 of 3.9 microg/mL against A. sydowi. CONCLUSION: Termninalia catappa and Vitex doniana may serve as useful sources of plant derived antimicrobial agents.

title: In vitro antimicrobial activity of crude XXXX extracts and fractions of Terminalia catappa and Vitex doniana.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The authors administered repeated courses of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) to nine @entity0 at the onset of an exacerbation of generalized @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Anticholinesterase medication (nine @entity0 ) and @entity1 dosage (six @entity0 ) had been kept constant for a 2-month period. Six @entity0 received two courses, two @entity0 received three courses, and one @entity0 received five courses. Twenty of 23 courses resulted in satisfactory improvement beginning 4.3 +/- 1.2 days after start of IVIg and becoming maximal 8.2 +/- 2.0 days, with sustained improvement lasting 106.6 +/- 49.1 days. Vital capacity increased from an average of 1845.1 +/- 489 cc to 2894 +/- 762 cc (p less than 0.01) at peak effect. Four of nine @entity0 had a decrease in strength before improvement. There was no significant change in @entity2 receptor antibody titers before or after therapy. Side effects were minimal. Of the three @entity0 who had nonsatisfactory course, two responded well to additional IVIg. IVIg can produce repeated beneficial effects in @entity0 with @entity3 and may be useful as an adjunct in the management of @entity3 .

title: Effects of repeated doses of intravenous immunoglobulin in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In 1912, Wilson and Fleischer independently reported autopsied @entity0 with progressive @entity1 associated with @entity2 , and they proposed that the syndrome could be a specific disease of toxic origin. In 1952, Scheinberg demonstrated a deficiency of serum ceruloplasmin in @entity3 , and it became possible to diagnose the illness while the @entity0 was still asymptomatic. In 1956, Walshe introduced @entity4 as the most excellent drug for treatment of the disease. These epoch-making discoveries encouraged Japanese physicians to make early diagnosis and to try prevention of the disease. This lecture was to review the changing panorama in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease in the period of forty years focusing on the experiences in Japan. Early detection of the @entity0 based on @entity6 made it possible to investigate the onset ages of an elevation of serum GOT or @entity5 and the appearance of Kayser-Fleischer (KF) rings. So far, the youngest @entity0 who exhibited high @entity5 level and KF rings were three years and five years old, respectively. It became popular that an unexpected elevation of serum transaminase in apparently healthy @entity0 of three years or more prompted to examine the possibility of @entity3 , and an increasing number of non-familial @entity0 in late infancy have been detected. Now, the mass-screening for @entity3 is in progress. Follow-up studies on the prophylaxis for more than thirty years definitely proved that the appearance of clinical symptoms was prevented with the continued @entity4 therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX --evolutive panorama of diagnosis and treatment in the last forty years].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate an increase in plasma concentration of @entity7 reactive substances as a non-invasive biochemical test of reperfusion after thrombolysis and to investigate the relation between the inflammatory response after @entity2 and the production of the substances. METHODS: Venous samples were taken from 19 @entity0 receiving thrombolysis for @entity2 before the start of therapy and every hour afterwards up to 5 hours and then at 24 and 48 hours and the concentration of @entity7 reactive substances measured. These substances are markers of lipid peroxidation induced by free @entity1 radicals. Early reperfusion was judged by regression of ST elevation and late coronary artery patency from the results of coronary angiography 24-72 hours after thrombolysis. RESULTS: The concentration of @entity7 reactive substances increased in only 6 out of 14 @entity0 with signs of early reperfusion. In @entity0 with late coronary artery patency the corresponding number was 6 out of 15. However, a significant increase in the concentration of @entity7 reactive substances was found for the whole group 24 and 48 hours after treatment. The change in concentration in serum correlated significantly with that of @entity6 --an acute phase reactant (r = 0.62, P < 0.01)--but not to the serum activities of markers of @entity5 size such as @entity4 kinase B and @entity3 dehydrogenase. CONCLUSIONS: The fluorimetric assay used in this study to measure the concentration of @entity7 reactive substances seems to be an insensitive method of detecting reperfusion after thrombolysis for @entity2 . The increase in concentrations found 24 and 48 hours after treatment correlated with @entity6 concentrations but not with those of markers of @entity5 size.

title: Transient release of lipid peroxidation products as a non-invasive marker of successful reperfusion after thrombolysis for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Comparative pathology may serve as a practical tool for therapy by comparison of normal and abnormal structures of the digestive tract in animals and @entity0 . A better understanding of @entity6 as the most common solid @entity3 after @entity1 in the industrialized world is sought. In the so-called developed nations and in animals @entity6 is less frequent. The pathogenesis of @entity6 involves environmental and genetic factors. Several types of @entity4 can be discerned and the species distribution ranges from invertebrates to @entity0 . Colorectal neoplastic progression is species-specific. An intraspecies-specific @entity3 is also valuable. Alteration of signal transduction pathways and somatic mutations of oncogenes are described, as well as the occurrence, research and current treatment. @entity2 of @entity3 of the colon and of the rectum can be studied by intraspecies-specific comparison. Sections of this review deal with @entity5 and @entity3 and close with present therapies for @entity4 .

title: Interspecies comparative pathology of XXXX : relevance for treatment.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Carumonam and @entity2 were compared in a prospective, randomized study of 52 @entity0 with complicated urinary tract infections. @entity0 were treated with either carumonam (1 g every 8 h) or @entity2 (1 mg/kg every 8 h). The mean duration of therapy (carumonam, 8.5 days; @entity2 , 8.5 days) was similar for both groups. A total of 45% of @entity0 treated with @entity5 and 48% of those receiving @entity2 were cured, as defined by a negative culture 1 to 2 weeks after therapy. After 4 to 6 weeks, the figures were 27% for carumonam and 38% for @entity2 . In the carumonam group, there were 6 relapses and 11 reinfections. In the @entity2 group, there were eight relapses and five reinfections. Adverse effects in the carumonam group were limited to @entity4 at the intravenous infusion site in two @entity0 ; another @entity0 developed @entity1 . Nephrotoxicity was documented in two @entity0 in the @entity2 treatment group (9%), and another @entity0 developed minor liver function disturbances. Three @entity0 with @entity2 -resistant carumonam-susceptible isolates were treated with carumonam, and two were cured. Urinary colonization with group D streptococci occurred in 7 of 27 (26%) carumonam-treated @entity0 compared with 7 of 19 (37%) @entity2 -treated @entity0 ; no one required treatment. A significant correlation was found between colonization with group D streptococci and @entity3 (P less than 0.007). It is concluded that the use of the carumonam is as effective as the @entity2 regimen in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

title: XXXX (Ro 17-2301; @entity5 ) compared with @entity2 for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Carumonam and @entity2 were compared in a prospective, randomized study of 52 @entity0 with complicated urinary tract infections. @entity0 were treated with either carumonam (1 g every 8 h) or @entity2 (1 mg/kg every 8 h). The mean duration of therapy (carumonam, 8.5 days; @entity2 , 8.5 days) was similar for both groups. A total of 45% of @entity0 treated with @entity5 and 48% of those receiving @entity2 were cured, as defined by a negative culture 1 to 2 weeks after therapy. After 4 to 6 weeks, the figures were 27% for carumonam and 38% for @entity2 . In the carumonam group, there were 6 relapses and 11 reinfections. In the @entity2 group, there were eight relapses and five reinfections. Adverse effects in the carumonam group were limited to @entity4 at the intravenous infusion site in two @entity0 ; another @entity0 developed @entity1 . Nephrotoxicity was documented in two @entity0 in the @entity2 treatment group (9%), and another @entity0 developed minor liver function disturbances. Three @entity0 with @entity2 -resistant carumonam-susceptible isolates were treated with carumonam, and two were cured. Urinary colonization with group D streptococci occurred in 7 of 27 (26%) carumonam-treated @entity0 compared with 7 of 19 (37%) @entity2 -treated @entity0 ; no one required treatment. A significant correlation was found between colonization with group D streptococci and @entity3 (P less than 0.007). It is concluded that the use of the carumonam is as effective as the @entity2 regimen in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

title: @entity5 (Ro 17-2301; XXXX ) compared with @entity2 for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Carumonam and @entity2 were compared in a prospective, randomized study of 52 @entity0 with complicated urinary tract infections. @entity0 were treated with either carumonam (1 g every 8 h) or @entity2 (1 mg/kg every 8 h). The mean duration of therapy (carumonam, 8.5 days; @entity2 , 8.5 days) was similar for both groups. A total of 45% of @entity0 treated with @entity5 and 48% of those receiving @entity2 were cured, as defined by a negative culture 1 to 2 weeks after therapy. After 4 to 6 weeks, the figures were 27% for carumonam and 38% for @entity2 . In the carumonam group, there were 6 relapses and 11 reinfections. In the @entity2 group, there were eight relapses and five reinfections. Adverse effects in the carumonam group were limited to @entity4 at the intravenous infusion site in two @entity0 ; another @entity0 developed @entity1 . Nephrotoxicity was documented in two @entity0 in the @entity2 treatment group (9%), and another @entity0 developed minor liver function disturbances. Three @entity0 with @entity2 -resistant carumonam-susceptible isolates were treated with carumonam, and two were cured. Urinary colonization with group D streptococci occurred in 7 of 27 (26%) carumonam-treated @entity0 compared with 7 of 19 (37%) @entity2 -treated @entity0 ; no one required treatment. A significant correlation was found between colonization with group D streptococci and @entity3 (P less than 0.007). It is concluded that the use of the carumonam is as effective as the @entity2 regimen in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

title: @entity5 (Ro 17-2301; @entity5 ) compared with XXXX for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Review of the radiographs of 34 @entity0 with autosomal dominant @entity3 revealed two distinct phenotypical types. Both were strictly family-related and exhibited progressive @entity2 with aging. Descriptive, radiogrammetric and biochemical analyses were performed. Type I showed a pronounced @entity2 of the skull with an enlarged thickness of the cranial wall. The @entity2 of the skull in Type II was most striking at the base. In Type II there was a typical "Rugger-Jersey spine," and endobones ("bone within a bone") were seen in the pelvis. The radiogrammetric investigations of the long bones did not show any difference between the two types. Compared to normal controls, there was a normal total subperiosteal width (W), but a significant enlarged cortical thickness (C) (P less than 0.01), and thus a reduced medullary cavity (M), suggesting normal bone formation and disturbed bone resorption. Serum @entity1 was lower in Type I compared to Type II (P less than 0.01), and serum acid phosphatase was markedly increased in Type II (P less than 0.01), suggesting differences between the two types in bone mineral metabolism and structural functions of the osteoclasts. The two types may represent two different entities with the same mode of inheritance, and in both cases with affected bone resorption.

title: Radiological, biochemical and hereditary evidence of two types of autosomal dominant XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Projections of asbestos associated @entity1 mortality in the United States during the 25 year period 1985-2009 were made based on previously published estimates. These estimates were reviewed for @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity2 . Particular attention was given to the assumptions used in the original derivation of the estimates. For @entity3 mortality, previous estimates ranged from 15,500 to 300,000. Using recently published data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results project, coupled with the previously published estimates, projected asbestos related @entity3 mortality in the United States for the period 1985-2009 was estimated to be 21,500. For @entity0 , previous estimates were reviewed, particularly with regard to the ratio of deaths from @entity0 to deaths from @entity3 . Using these ratios, a range of projected deaths was established and a median of those estimates used as a project, which was 76,700 such deaths in the United States between 1985 and 2009. @entity2 mortality has been projected by only three investigators. A median of those estimates (33,000) was used. In conclusion it is estimated that 131,200 deaths from asbestos associated @entity1 will occur in the United States between 1985 and 2009.

title: Projection of asbestos related diseases in the United States, 1985-2009. I. XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 , or @entity4 , is a rare cause of @entity3 . Only 11 cases with pelvic localization in @entity0 have been reported. CASE: A pelvic mass mimicking an @entity1 was detected on a routine examination in a 26-year-old @entity0 . Surprisingly, the pelvic organs were found to be normal at laparotomy. Eight years later, the subject was examined for @entity2 and secondary infertility that lasted 2 years. A pelvic mass, evidently the one encountered 8 years previously, was detected; it had enlarged only slightly in the intervening time. Surgical exploration of the retropubic space revealed a @entity1 -like mass attached to the periosteum of the left superior pubic arch. The mass was removed by simple resection. Histologic investigations confirmed a diagnosis of @entity4 . Three months after the operation, the @entity0 conceived without any further treatment. CONCLUSION: The possibility of @entity4 should be considered when assessing a pelvic mass. The condition in the retropubic space in @entity0 has not been reported previously.

title: Pelvic XXXX mimicking an @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 , or @entity4 , is a rare cause of @entity3 . Only 11 cases with pelvic localization in @entity0 have been reported. CASE: A pelvic mass mimicking an @entity1 was detected on a routine examination in a 26-year-old @entity0 . Surprisingly, the pelvic organs were found to be normal at laparotomy. Eight years later, the subject was examined for @entity2 and secondary infertility that lasted 2 years. A pelvic mass, evidently the one encountered 8 years previously, was detected; it had enlarged only slightly in the intervening time. Surgical exploration of the retropubic space revealed a @entity1 -like mass attached to the periosteum of the left superior pubic arch. The mass was removed by simple resection. Histologic investigations confirmed a diagnosis of @entity4 . Three months after the operation, the @entity0 conceived without any further treatment. CONCLUSION: The possibility of @entity4 should be considered when assessing a pelvic mass. The condition in the retropubic space in @entity0 has not been reported previously.

title: Pelvic @entity4 mimicking an XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Histopathologic changes in @entity0 lacrimal gland were investigated, and the relation between histopathologic parameters and @entity0 age and sex, as well as the histopathologic differences between @entity8 of the lacrimal gland were analyzed. METHODS: Samples of the main @entity0 lacrimal gland that included the @entity5 were taken in 80 autopsies. A statistical analysis was made based on light microscope observations with the following histopathologic changes as parameters: (1) @entity1 (focal, lobular, and diffuse); (2) acinar @entity2 (focal, lobular, and diffuse); (3) periductal @entity1 ; (4) interlobular ductal dilatation; (5) interlobular ductal proliferation; (6) lymphocytic foci; (7) periductal @entity7 ; and (8) @entity6 . RESULTS: The incidences of these parameters in the @entity8 ranged from 3.8% to 35.0%. Lobular @entity1 , @entity4 , diffuse @entity1 , @entity2 , periductal @entity1 , @entity7 , and @entity6 were more frequent in the orbital lobes with statistical significance, whereas interlobular ductal dilatation was more frequent in the @entity5 . There were statistically significant correlations between age and diffuse @entity1 , @entity2 , and periductal @entity1 in the orbital lobes of @entity0 , and periductal @entity1 in the @entity5 of @entity0 . Diffuse @entity1 and @entity2 in the orbital lobes were observed more frequently in elderly @entity0 than in elderly @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Various histopathologic changes were observed in the @entity0 lacrimal gland. Diffuse @entity1 , @entity2 , and periductal @entity1 predominantly found in elderly @entity0 suggested a relation with @entity9 sicca in postmenopausal @entity0 . The authors speculate the periductal @entity1 is related to the decrease in tear fluid outflow with age and that interlobular ductal dilatation in the @entity5 may be caused by stenosis of the excretory duct in the fornix of conjunctiva. Ductal pathologic changes may be @entity3 .

title: Histopathologic study of XXXX lacrimal gland. Statistical analysis with special reference to aging.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Three nucleotide data sets, two mitochondrial (COI and @entity7 ) and one nuclear (ribosomal ITS1), have been investigated in order to resolve relationships among species and strains of the genus @entity5 . The data have some unusual properties in that mitochondrial heteroplasmy was detected in one strain of @entity4 , and more than one class of ITS1 sequence variant can occur in a single isolate. The data failed to support the hypothesis that @entity4 , as it is currently viewed, is a single valid species. Rather, the strains of @entity4 seem to comprise at least three evolutionarily diverse groups, the @entity1 group, @entity0 group and @entity2 group. Molecular distances between them are comparable to, or greater than, molecular evolutionary distances observed between recognized species. The affinities of the cervid strain of @entity4 are unclear because of ambiguous data, but this strain does not appear to be ancestral to others. @entity3 may not be distinct from @entity4 . However, the remaining two species. @entity5 and @entity6 appear distinct and rather distant from the first two. Based on the results presented here, taxonomic revision of the genus is clearly warranted.

title: A molecular phylogeny of the genus XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Alterations in the luminal microflora and increased intestinal translocation have been reported to occur following experimental and clinical small bowel transplantation (SBT). @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has been used to prevent luminal overgrowth and bacterial translocation. Despite the wide use of @entity3 in clinical SBT, there are no data supporting its usefulness in this situation. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to examine the effects of @entity0 (CsA) and @entity3 upon @entity7 and translocation in a @entity2 model of SBT. Nineteen Large White female @entity2 weighing 30 +/- 2 kg underwent a total orthotopic SBT and were randomly allocated to one of the following experimental groups as follows: Group 1 (No. 8) @entity1 25 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day administered subcutaneously and @entity8 2 g/day im. Group 2 (No. 6) received the identical immunosuppression but the @entity8 2 g/day im was discontinued on the 5th Postoperative Day (pod) and switched to a @entity3 regimen consisting of @entity4 , 1 g, @entity9 , 500,000 IU, Colistin, 1,500,000 IU, and @entity5 , 100 mg, given through a @entity6 . Group 3 (No. 5) received no immunosuppression but antibiotic consisting of @entity8 2 g im/day. Group 4 (No. 7) underwent a small bowel autotransplantation. Group 4 received @entity3 as in group 2 but no immunosuppression was given. Finally, 17 normal animals were sham-operated and were used as normal controls (N group). The animals in groups 1, 2, and 4 were sacrificed on the 29th pod. Those in group 3 were sacrificed on the 7th pod.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Parenteral antibiotics and selective intestinal decontamination do not prevent enteric XXXX or translocation observed in a @entity2 model of small bowel transplantation.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Alterations in the luminal microflora and increased intestinal translocation have been reported to occur following experimental and clinical small bowel transplantation (SBT). @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has been used to prevent luminal overgrowth and bacterial translocation. Despite the wide use of @entity3 in clinical SBT, there are no data supporting its usefulness in this situation. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to examine the effects of @entity0 (CsA) and @entity3 upon @entity7 and translocation in a @entity2 model of SBT. Nineteen Large White female @entity2 weighing 30 +/- 2 kg underwent a total orthotopic SBT and were randomly allocated to one of the following experimental groups as follows: Group 1 (No. 8) @entity1 25 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day administered subcutaneously and @entity8 2 g/day im. Group 2 (No. 6) received the identical immunosuppression but the @entity8 2 g/day im was discontinued on the 5th Postoperative Day (pod) and switched to a @entity3 regimen consisting of @entity4 , 1 g, @entity9 , 500,000 IU, Colistin, 1,500,000 IU, and @entity5 , 100 mg, given through a @entity6 . Group 3 (No. 5) received no immunosuppression but antibiotic consisting of @entity8 2 g im/day. Group 4 (No. 7) underwent a small bowel autotransplantation. Group 4 received @entity3 as in group 2 but no immunosuppression was given. Finally, 17 normal animals were sham-operated and were used as normal controls (N group). The animals in groups 1, 2, and 4 were sacrificed on the 29th pod. Those in group 3 were sacrificed on the 7th pod.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Parenteral antibiotics and selective intestinal decontamination do not prevent enteric @entity7 or translocation observed in a XXXX model of small bowel transplantation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of urgent hospitalization due to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in @entity0 aged >= 65  years, to compare the in-hospital mortality rates between @entity0 admitted for ADRs and those admitted for other causes, and to describe the ADRs, the used and suspected drugs, and the @entity1 associations. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted by using the institutional database of the Pharmacovigilance Programme of Bellvitge University Hospital, a 750-bed tertiary care hospital, with information corresponding to a 7-year period. @entity6 -related admissions of @entity0 aged >= 65  years prospectively identified through a systematic daily review of all admission diagnosis were reviewed. RESULTS: ADRs were suspected to be the main reason for urgent admission in 1976 out of 60,263 @entity0 aged >= 65  years (prevalence of @entity6 -related hospitalization 3.3  % [95  % CI 3.1-3.4  %]). The crude in-hospital mortality rate was 10.2  % in @entity0 with @entity6 -related admission and 9  % in @entity0 admitted for other causes (p   =   0.077). Most @entity0 (86  %) were exposed to polypharmacy, and a drug-drug interaction was suspected in 49  % of cases. The most frequent @entity1 associations were @entity4 related to renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, @entity2 caused by antithrombotics and/or non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, and @entity3 induced by @entity5 antagonists. CONCLUSIONS: One out of every 30 urgent admissions of @entity0 aged >= 65  years is @entity6 -related. These ADRs can be as serious and life-threatening as any other acute pathology that merits urgent hospital admission. Most cases involve @entity0 exposed to polypharmacy and result from well-known reactions of a few commonly used drugs.

title: XXXX leading to urgent hospital admission in an elderly population: prevalence and main features.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Neuronal @entity1 receptors (AChRs) that bind alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha Bgt) (alpha Bgt-AChRs) have previously been found to contain at least one of the @entity3 gene products. No other gene products of the 11 neuronal AChR genes cloned to date from @entity0 and/or @entity2 have been identified in such receptors. @entity2 ciliary ganglia have about 20 fmol of alpha Bgt-AChRs that contain alpha 7 subunits and 5 fmol of synaptic-type AChRs that bind the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 35 and collectively contain alpha 3, beta 4, alpha 5, and, to a lesser extent, beta 2 subunits. Using a sensitive solid-phase immunoprecipitation assay, we show here that ciliary ganglia have about 1 fmol of novel putative AChRs that bind both alpha Bgt and mAb 35 but appear to lack all of the known neuronal AChR gene products in ciliary ganglia, including alpha 3, alpha 5, alpha 7, beta 2, and beta 4. The putative receptors are also unlikely to contain either alpha 8 or @entity3 gene products, because of the known expression patterns of these gene products. Nonetheless, the component sediments at 10 S, as expected for neuronal AChRs, and has a nicotinic pharmacology similar but not identical to that of alpha 7-containing alpha Bgt-AChRs. The AChR alpha 1 gene product expressed in muscle is known to bind both alpha Bgt and mAb 35, and we show here that ciliary ganglia contain small amounts of alpha 1 transcript. The putative ciliary ganglion AChR defined by joint alpha Bgt and mAb 35 binding, however, does not appear to contain alpha 1 subunits. A similar component binding both mAb 35 and alpha Bgt can be detected in sympathetic ganglia and dorsal root ganglia but not in brain, spinal cord, or retina. The developmental time course of the component in ciliary ganglia is comparable to that of the alpha 7-containing alpha Bgt-AChRs. If the component is a functional AChR on ciliary ganglion neurons, as seems likely, it would represent the fourth AChR subtype produced by this population of cells. Our inability to identify subunits comprising the putative receptors raises the possibility that additional AChR genes remain to be cloned.

title: Novel subpopulation of neuronal XXXX receptors among those binding alpha-bungarotoxin.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low-level vagus nerve stimulation (LL-VNS) has been demonstrated to protect myocardium against acute @entity0 /reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underlying mechanism of this protective effect remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that LL-VNS exerts cardioprotective effect on acute I/R injury in canines via antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis reactions. METHOD: Thirty anesthetized mongrel @entity1 were randomly divided into three groups: I/R group (N = 12, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 1 hour following by 1 hour reperfusion), LL-VNS group (N = 9, I/R plus LL-VNS), and sham group (N = 9, sham surgery without LL-VNS). The voltage threshold was set at 80% of the voltage required to slow the sinus rate. @entity3 size was assessed with Evans Blue and @entity4 . Activity assays, TUNEL staining, and western blotting were performed to determine markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis. RESULTS: LL-VNS significantly decreased the incidence of @entity2 , increased vagal tone, as confirmed by heart rate viability, and reduced @entity3 size compared with the I/R group. This improvement was associated with a reduction in myocardial neutrophil infiltration, the inhibition of oxidative stress, and the suppression in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In contrast, the lack of LL-VNS in the I/R group induced the opposite effect compared with the sham group. CONCLUSION: LL-VNS exerts protective effects on myocardial I/R injury. Its potential mechanisms involve the suppression of oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis.

title: Low-Level Vagus Nerve Stimulation Attenuates Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury by Antioxidative Stress and Antiapoptosis Reactions in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Chemotherapy for @entity5 has been limited because of difficulty in achieving adequate exposure to the @entity1 without systemic @entity3 . We have developed a method for local sustained release of chemotherapeutic agents by their incorporation into biodegradable polymers. Implantation of the drug-impregnated polymer at the @entity1 site allows prolonged local exposure with minimal systemic exposure. We conducted a randomised, placebo-controlled, prospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of biodegradable polymers impregnated with @entity6 to treat recurrent @entity2 . In 27 medical centres, 222 @entity0 with recurrent @entity5 requiring re-operation were randomly assigned to receive surgically implanted biodegradable polymer discs with or without 3.85% @entity6 . Randomisation balanced the treatment groups for all of the prognostic factors examined. Median survival of the 110 @entity0 who received @entity6 polymers was 31 weeks compared with 23 weeks for the 112 @entity0 who received only placebo polymers (hazard ratio = 0.67, p = 0.006, after accounting for the effects of prognostic factors). Among @entity0 with @entity4 , 6-month survival in those treated with @entity6 -polymer discs was 50% greater than in those treated with placebo (mortality = 32 of 72 [44%] vs 47 of 73 [64%], p = 0.02). There were no clinically important adverse reactions related to the @entity6 polymer, either in the brain or systemically. Interstitial chemotherapy delivered with polymers directly to @entity5 at the time of surgery seems to be a safe and effective treatment for recurrent @entity2 .

title: Placebo-controlled trial of safety and efficacy of intraoperative controlled delivery by biodegradable polymers of chemotherapy for recurrent XXXX . The Polymer-brain Tumor Treatment Group.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Larval therapy is used as alternative treatment for hard-to-heal chronic and infected wounds. @entity5 is the most used blowfly species. However, it has been shown recently that Sarconesiopsis magellanica larval excretions and secretions have potent antibacterial activity; this blowfly belongs to the Calliphoridae family. The present work has dealt with evaluating larval therapy using S. magellanica on wounds induced in @entity0 @entity1 and its action was compared to the effect induced by @entity5 . Twelve New Zealand White @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were used; they were divided into 4 groups, the first two being treated with larval therapy derived from both aforementioned necrophagous blowflies, an antibiotic was used in the third and the fourth was used as control. All the animals were wounded on the back and infected with @entity4 and @entity3 . Samples of the secretion from each @entity2 wound were taken and sown on blood agar. The colony forming units were then counted. The PUSH scale was used for the macroscopic evaluation of the wounds. Bacterial control was encountered 48h post-treatment in the treatments involving larval therapy and to a lesser extent with the antibiotic. Likewise, wound debridement was quicker and more efficient with larval therapy compared to the antibiotic group; however, wound closing time was 23 days in all treatments. The group treated with S. magellanica larvae had relatively quicker evolution until the proliferation phase and the start of maturation, even though there were no significant differences between both blowfly species evaluated here regarding treatments by the end of the treatment period. The present study has validated the @entity0 @entity1 model for inducing chronic wounds regarding larval therapy and has likewise confirmed the effectiveness of S. magellanica-derived larval therapy as an alternative for curing and healing wounds.

title: Evaluating Sarconesiopsis magellanica blowfly-derived larval therapy and comparing it to XXXX -derived therapy in an animal model.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 is rare, but many thyroidectomies continue to be performed simply to exclude a diagnosis of @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to determine the potential financial savings associated with the use of proton magnetic resonance analysis of @entity1 . Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on tissue obtained at the time of surgery from 98 consecutive solitary or dominant thyroid nodules. Fine-needle biopsies were also performed on operative specimens, and the tissues assessed by proton magnetic resonance; these spectra were then compared with those obtained from tissue specimens. An estimate of potential savings was obtained by comparing the magnetic resonance data with the indications for surgery and pathology on all @entity0 having thyroidectomy over a 10-year period. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was able to distinguish between normal thyroid tissue and invasive @entity2 with 100% specificity. @entity3 fall into two groups: 44% having a spectral pattern comparable with normal thyroid, and the remaining 56% demonstrating an altered spectral pattern more comparable to the malignant magnetic resonance profile. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy on fine-needle biopsy specimens produced spectra similar to those from tissues from the same @entity0 . From a fine-needle biopsy specimen, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy can identify a group of @entity3 with spectral profiles akin to those of normal thyroid cells, thus avoiding the need for unnecessary surgical excision. The potential savings in one surgical unit alone were over  1 million in 10 years.

title: Proton magnetic resonance and @entity0 thyroid neoplasia. II: Potential avoidance of surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 is rare, but many thyroidectomies continue to be performed simply to exclude a diagnosis of @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to determine the potential financial savings associated with the use of proton magnetic resonance analysis of @entity1 . Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on tissue obtained at the time of surgery from 98 consecutive solitary or dominant thyroid nodules. Fine-needle biopsies were also performed on operative specimens, and the tissues assessed by proton magnetic resonance; these spectra were then compared with those obtained from tissue specimens. An estimate of potential savings was obtained by comparing the magnetic resonance data with the indications for surgery and pathology on all @entity0 having thyroidectomy over a 10-year period. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was able to distinguish between normal thyroid tissue and invasive @entity2 with 100% specificity. @entity3 fall into two groups: 44% having a spectral pattern comparable with normal thyroid, and the remaining 56% demonstrating an altered spectral pattern more comparable to the malignant magnetic resonance profile. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy on fine-needle biopsy specimens produced spectra similar to those from tissues from the same @entity0 . From a fine-needle biopsy specimen, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy can identify a group of @entity3 with spectral profiles akin to those of normal thyroid cells, thus avoiding the need for unnecessary surgical excision. The potential savings in one surgical unit alone were over  1 million in 10 years.

title: Proton magnetic resonance and XXXX thyroid neoplasia. II: Potential avoidance of surgery for @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a severe genetically @entity9 . @entity0 present with three principal phenotypes of motor symptoms: choreatic, @entity3 and mixed. The Q175 @entity1 model of disease offers an opportunity to investigate the cellular basis of the @entity3 form of @entity4 . At the age of 1year homozygote Q175 @entity1 exhibited the following signs of @entity5 : Reduced frequency of spontaneous movements on a precision balance at daytime (-55%), increased total time spent without movement in an open field (+42%), failures in the execution of unconditioned avoidance reactions (+32%), reduced ability for conditioned avoidance (-96%) and increased reaction times (+65%) in a shuttle box. Local field potential recordings revealed @entity7 in the striatum as a characteristic feature of @entity4 @entity1 at rest. There was no significant loss of @entity11 immunolabeled striatal projection neurons (SPNs) although the level of @entity11 immunoreactivity was lower in @entity4 . As a potential cause of @entity5 , @entity4 @entity1 revealed a strong reduction in striatal @entity8 -induced @entity2 release, accompanied by a decrease in the number of @entity6 hydroxylase-(TH)- and @entity12 -positive synaptic varicosities. The presynaptic TH fluorescence level was also reduced. Patch-clamp experiments were performed in slices from 1-year-old @entity1 to record unitary EPSCs (uEPSCs) of presumed cortical origin in the absence of G-protein-mediated modulation. In @entity4 @entity1 , the maximal amplitudes of uEPSCs amounted to 69% of the WT level which matches the loss of @entity10 +/SYP+ synaptic terminals in immunostained sections. These results identify impairment of cortico-striatal synaptic transmission and @entity2 release as a potential basis of @entity5 in @entity4 .

title: Pathological gamma oscillations, impaired XXXX release, synapse loss and reduced dynamic range of unitary glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the striatum of hypokinetic Q175 Huntington @entity1 .

answer: @entity2