abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The standard outcome measure in @entity0 research is @entity2 ( @entity2 ) evaluated by local blinded investigators. We aimed to assess feasibility and reliability of 2 central adjudication methods of @entity2 in the setting of a randomized @entity0 trial. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis derived from the Randomized Trial of Revascularization With Solitaire FR Device Versus Best Medical Therapy in the Treatment of @entity0 Due to Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Presenting Within Eight Hours of Symptom Onset (REVASCAT) trial cohort. Primary outcome was distribution of @entity2 at 90 days. Local evaluation was done by certified investigators masked to treatment assignment using structured face-to-face interviews. In addition, central assessment was performed by 2 independent raters via structured phone interview (n=120) and via video recordings of the face-to-face interviews with local investigators (n=106). Interrater agreement was evaluated using kappa and discordance statistics. Sensitivity analyses for the primary end point using different adjudication approaches were performed. Correlation between @entity2 obtained with each modality and 24-hour follow-up @entity1 volumes was studied. RESULTS: Using local evaluation as the reference, higher agreement rates were noted with central video than with central phone evaluations (kw 0.92 [0.88-0.96] versus 0.77 [0.72-0.83]). Discrepancies in @entity2 scoring between local and central raters (phone- and video-based) were similar in both treatment allocation arms. Sensitivity analyses showed benefit of endovascular treatment irrespective of adjudication method, but higher odds ratios were observed with local evaluations. Final @entity1 volume was similarly correlated with @entity2 across all 3 evaluation modalities. CONCLUSIONS: Central adjudication of @entity2 is feasible, reducing interrater variability and avoiding potential problems related to lack of blinding. Our findings may have implications in the planning of future randomized @entity0 trials, especially in those including nonpharmacological interventions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01692379.

title: Phone and Video-Based Modalities of Central Blinded Adjudication of Modified Rankin Scores in an XXXX Trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Chromosome analyses were carried out on bone marrow cells from 43 consecutive @entity0 with primary @entity7 ( @entity7 ), classified according to the French-American-British (FAB) cooperative group criteria. The objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of @entity2 and of an @entity9 for early death from @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and/or @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity0 were subdivided into two main groups: (1) @entity9 ( @entity9 ), grouping @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity1 with @entity10 (RARS), and (2) @entity9 ( @entity9 ), grouping @entity0 with @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and @entity9 in transformation (RAEBt). There were 29 @entity0 with @entity9 and 14 with @entity9 . The median time of observation was 26 months for @entity9 and 12 months for @entity9 . Ten @entity9 @entity0 (34%) and 11 @entity9 @entity0 (78%) had @entity2 . Among the ten @entity9 @entity0 with @entity4 , one (10%) died from @entity8 , while of 19 @entity9 @entity0 with a normal karyotype, two (10%) died from @entity8 or @entity3 . The median survival for @entity0 with @entity9 and an abnormal karyotype was not reached. In contrast, eight of the 11 @entity9 @entity0 with @entity2 (74%) died from @entity8 or @entity3 . The median survival in this sub-group was 7 months. By using a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, it was determined that a karyotype abnormality was not a significant predictory of survival once the contribution of the @entity9 / @entity9 variable was taken into account. Being in the @entity9 group was associated with a relative risk of 10.6 of dying from @entity8 or @entity3 ( @entity6 .36, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) = 0.68, P = .0001). We conclude that classifying @entity0 according to an @entity9 will lead to a better prediction of survival than determining karyotype abnormality.

title: Prognostic value of @entity2 in @entity0 with primary XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Chromosome analyses were carried out on bone marrow cells from 43 consecutive @entity0 with primary @entity7 ( @entity7 ), classified according to the French-American-British (FAB) cooperative group criteria. The objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of @entity2 and of an @entity9 for early death from @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and/or @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity0 were subdivided into two main groups: (1) @entity9 ( @entity9 ), grouping @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity1 with @entity10 (RARS), and (2) @entity9 ( @entity9 ), grouping @entity0 with @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and @entity9 in transformation (RAEBt). There were 29 @entity0 with @entity9 and 14 with @entity9 . The median time of observation was 26 months for @entity9 and 12 months for @entity9 . Ten @entity9 @entity0 (34%) and 11 @entity9 @entity0 (78%) had @entity2 . Among the ten @entity9 @entity0 with @entity4 , one (10%) died from @entity8 , while of 19 @entity9 @entity0 with a normal karyotype, two (10%) died from @entity8 or @entity3 . The median survival for @entity0 with @entity9 and an abnormal karyotype was not reached. In contrast, eight of the 11 @entity9 @entity0 with @entity2 (74%) died from @entity8 or @entity3 . The median survival in this sub-group was 7 months. By using a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, it was determined that a karyotype abnormality was not a significant predictory of survival once the contribution of the @entity9 / @entity9 variable was taken into account. Being in the @entity9 group was associated with a relative risk of 10.6 of dying from @entity8 or @entity3 ( @entity6 .36, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) = 0.68, P = .0001). We conclude that classifying @entity0 according to an @entity9 will lead to a better prediction of survival than determining karyotype abnormality.

title: Prognostic value of XXXX in @entity0 with primary @entity7 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Chromosome analyses were carried out on bone marrow cells from 43 consecutive @entity0 with primary @entity7 ( @entity7 ), classified according to the French-American-British (FAB) cooperative group criteria. The objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of @entity2 and of an @entity9 for early death from @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and/or @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity0 were subdivided into two main groups: (1) @entity9 ( @entity9 ), grouping @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity1 with @entity10 (RARS), and (2) @entity9 ( @entity9 ), grouping @entity0 with @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and @entity9 in transformation (RAEBt). There were 29 @entity0 with @entity9 and 14 with @entity9 . The median time of observation was 26 months for @entity9 and 12 months for @entity9 . Ten @entity9 @entity0 (34%) and 11 @entity9 @entity0 (78%) had @entity2 . Among the ten @entity9 @entity0 with @entity4 , one (10%) died from @entity8 , while of 19 @entity9 @entity0 with a normal karyotype, two (10%) died from @entity8 or @entity3 . The median survival for @entity0 with @entity9 and an abnormal karyotype was not reached. In contrast, eight of the 11 @entity9 @entity0 with @entity2 (74%) died from @entity8 or @entity3 . The median survival in this sub-group was 7 months. By using a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, it was determined that a karyotype abnormality was not a significant predictory of survival once the contribution of the @entity9 / @entity9 variable was taken into account. Being in the @entity9 group was associated with a relative risk of 10.6 of dying from @entity8 or @entity3 ( @entity6 .36, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) = 0.68, P = .0001). We conclude that classifying @entity0 according to an @entity9 will lead to a better prediction of survival than determining karyotype abnormality.

title: Prognostic value of @entity2 in XXXX with primary @entity7 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two cDNA clones for mitochondrial @entity3 kinase were isolated from a cDNA library of @entity0 liver poly(A)+ RNA by using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides as probes. The clone containing a 0.9-kilobase insert had the reading frame for a 241-residue protein (AK2A), while the other clone containing a 1.6-kilobase insert had the frame for a 234-residue protein (AK2B). Nucleotide sequences of these two clones were the same in the 5' portion up to the coding sequence for the 233rd residue, but different in the remaining 3' portions. The reported @entity2 sequence of mitochondrial @entity3 kinase from @entity0 heart corresponded to AK2A. Neither AK2A nor AK2B had a cleavable @entity4 -terminal presequence as that found in other imported mitochondrial proteins. RNA blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNAs from @entity0 liver and heart revealed three species of mRNA with approximate sizes of 0.9, 1.4, and 1.7 kilobases. The 1.7- and 1.4-kilobase species were specific for AK2B, whereas the 0.9-kilobase species was specific for AK2A. In the liver, the 1.7-kilobase mRNA was more abundant, whereas in the heart the 0.9-kilobase mRNA was predominant. The 1.4-kilobase mRNA was present only in the heart. The AK2A- and AK2B-coding sequences were expressed in @entity1 cells under the control of trc promoter. Both the products reverted the temperature-sensitive phenotype of the @entity3 kinase mutant of @entity1 .

title: Isolation and characterization of two types of cDNA for mitochondrial XXXX kinase and their expression in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Two cDNA clones for mitochondrial @entity3 kinase were isolated from a cDNA library of @entity0 liver poly(A)+ RNA by using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides as probes. The clone containing a 0.9-kilobase insert had the reading frame for a 241-residue protein (AK2A), while the other clone containing a 1.6-kilobase insert had the frame for a 234-residue protein (AK2B). Nucleotide sequences of these two clones were the same in the 5' portion up to the coding sequence for the 233rd residue, but different in the remaining 3' portions. The reported @entity2 sequence of mitochondrial @entity3 kinase from @entity0 heart corresponded to AK2A. Neither AK2A nor AK2B had a cleavable @entity4 -terminal presequence as that found in other imported mitochondrial proteins. RNA blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNAs from @entity0 liver and heart revealed three species of mRNA with approximate sizes of 0.9, 1.4, and 1.7 kilobases. The 1.7- and 1.4-kilobase species were specific for AK2B, whereas the 0.9-kilobase species was specific for AK2A. In the liver, the 1.7-kilobase mRNA was more abundant, whereas in the heart the 0.9-kilobase mRNA was predominant. The 1.4-kilobase mRNA was present only in the heart. The AK2A- and AK2B-coding sequences were expressed in @entity1 cells under the control of trc promoter. Both the products reverted the temperature-sensitive phenotype of the @entity3 kinase mutant of @entity1 .

title: Isolation and characterization of two types of cDNA for mitochondrial @entity3 kinase and their expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Esophageal submucosal gland duct @entity6 (ESGDA) is a rare @entity1 . The clinicopathological features of the ESGDA and its precursor lesion have not been comprehensively evaluated. In this study, we aimed at delineating the clinicopathological features of the ESGDA and cyst formation of the esophageal submucosal gland duct (ESGD), as well as their correlations and clinical implications. We identified three cases of ESGDA and 16 cases of cyst formation of the ESGD among 786 endoscopic mucosal resection specimens over a 7-year period. The median @entity0 age was 58 years with a male predominance. These lesions were small submucosal bulges locating at the lower esophagus with a size no more than 1   cm. The main microscopic changes of these lesions included content retention, multilayered epithelium or papillary folds of the ESGD and inflammatory cell infiltration, @entity5 , @entity8 or @entity3 of the acini. The included cases generally showed moderate to severe microscopic @entity11 . The ESGDA was mainly consisted by multiple glandular cysts covered by two layers of cells. Immunohistochemical results showed that the luminal duct lining cells and basal cells were positive for @entity15 and @entity12 , respectively. Both of the two layer cells were positive for HMWCK and negative for @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity16 , @entity13 , @entity17 , @entity14 and @entity10 . The proliferation index was very low (1%). The diagnostic criteria of the ESGDA were proposed and, the differential diagnosis was discussed. Cyst formation of the ESGD is considered to be the precursor lesion of the ESGDA, because they have overlapping clinicopathological features with progressive relationship. In addition, the ESGDA have close connection with advance of the @entity4 and, probably, an increased risk of @entity2 .

title: Esophageal submucosal gland duct XXXX : a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study with a review of the literature.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the anti-caries effect of @entity1 -containing formulations in vivo on caries lesions compared with @entity3 or placebo. METHODS: Randomized or quasi-randomized @entity0 clinical trials wherein @entity1 was delivered by any method were considered. The MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CBM databases were searched to identify relevant articles published up to December 2014. Grey literature was also searched. Two authors performed data extraction independently and in duplicate using data collection forms. Each included study was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. RESULTS: Of the 470 studies screened, 31 full articles were scrutinized and assessed for eligibility. Ten studies (n = 15,546 @entity0 ) were selected for final inclusion. The meta-analysis results (n = 7 studies) demonstrated a synergistic effect of @entity1 when used in conjunction with @entity3 on early coronal and root caries compared with placebo or @entity3 alone. No specific side effects related to @entity1 usage were identified. CONCLUSIONS: When used in combination with a @entity2 compound and @entity3 , @entity1 potentially provides a superior anti-caries effect compared with matched formulations of @entity3 alone. However, the level of evidence was downgraded because of risks of bias and potential publication bias. In the future, more high quality, non-industry-supported clinical studies in this research area are required before any definitive recommendations can be made.

title: Anti-Caries Effect of XXXX -Containing Formulations in vivo: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There has been an increased use of @entity1 both by prescription and by the public as a widely available supplement. We evaluated 15 years of single-substance @entity1 exposures to US poison centers. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data from the National Poison Data System (NPDS) to evaluate clinical effects, trends, and outcomes of exposures to @entity1 over the period January 1, 2000 through June 30, 2014. Cases were limited to exposures involving @entity1 as a single substance. Multiple vitamin products that may have included @entity1 were not included in this study. RESULTS: From 2000 through June 30, 2014, there were 25,397 @entity0 exposures to @entity1 reported to NPDS. There was a mean of 196 cases per year from 2000 to 2005, followed by a 1600% increase in exposures between 2005 and 2011 to a new annual mean of 4535 exposures per year. The mean and median ages were 23.4 years and 10 years, respectively. There were no fatalities, but five (0.02%) major effect outcomes. Serious medical outcomes (major or moderate outcome) were infrequent, ranging from 2 @entity0 /year to 22 @entity0 /year. Clinical effects were primarily gastrointestinal (0.7-1.5%) and mild neurological effects (0.2-0.4%). There was a decline in the percentage of @entity0 treated in a health care facility and of @entity0 with serious medical outcome. CONCLUSION: Despite the enormous increase in number of exposures, there was not a significant increase in @entity0 with a serious medical outcome. Rare severe outcomes may occur.

title: XXXX exposures reported to US poison centers 2000-2014: Temporal trends and outcomes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemodialysis @entity0 suffer from chronic systemic @entity1 and high incidence of @entity2 . One cause for this may be the failure of diseased kidneys to eliminate immune mediators. Current hemodialysis treatment achieves insufficient elimination of proteins in the molecular weight range 15-45kD. Thus high cut-off dialysis might improve the inflammatory state. DESIGN: In this randomized cross-over trial 43 hemodialysis @entity0 were treated for three weeks with high cut-off or high-flux dialysis. Inflammatory plasma mediators, monocyte subpopulation distribution, and leucocyte gene expression were quantified. RESULTS: High cut-off dialysis supplemented by a low-flux filter did not influence the primary end-point, expression density of @entity3 on monocytes. Nevertheless, treatment reduced multiple immune mediators in plasma. Such reduction proved - at least for some markers - to be a sustained effect over the interdialytic interval. Thus, for example soluble TNF-Receptor1 concentration predialysis was reduced from median 13.3 (IQR 8.9-17.2) to 9.7 (IQR 7.5-13.2) ng/mL with high cut-off while remaining constant with high-flux treatment. The expression profile of multiple proinflammatory genes in leucocytes was significantly dampened. Treatment was well tolerated although albumin losses in high cut-off dialysis would be prohibitive against long-term use. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows for the first time that a dampening effect of high cut-off dialysis on systemic @entity1 is achievable. Earlier studies had failed due to short study duration or insufficient dialysis efficacy. Removal of soluble mediators from the circulation influences cellular activation levels in leucocytes. Continued development of less albumin leaky membranes with similar cytokine elimination is justified. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: High cut-off dialysis in chronic hemodialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: (1) Investigation of the relationship between the detergent concentration and steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics of @entity4 proved to be a valid approach in the study of protein-detergent interaction. (2) @entity3 , @entity0 and @entity1 influenced the kinetics of @entity4 cooperatively at detergent concentrations near their critical micelle concentration. This mode of interaction reflects disaggregation of the oxidase as a result of cooperative binding of the detergent. (3) Addition of increasing concentrations of @entity2 to the aggregated enzyme caused a more gradual decrease in aggregation of the oxidase, which did not result in a change in activity of the enzyme. This suggests that aggregation of @entity4 occurs in a highly regular manner in which no catalytic sites are shielded off. (4) Oxidase aggregates present at detergent concentrations below the critical micelle concentration of @entity3 and @entity1 showed considerable activity. Their kinetics were equal to those of the oxidase in @entity2 , suggesting that the protein molecules are aligned in a similar way in all oligomers. Aggregates present in low concentrations of @entity0 showed turnover rates that were twice as low as those observed with other aggregates. (5) Solubilisation of the oxidase by @entity0 or @entity1 resulted in almost complete inhibition of enzymic activity, whereas the association rate of ferrocytochrome c was almost equal to that found for monomeric oxidase in laurylmaltoside. These results are in agreement with a mixed-type inhibition.

title: The effect of detergents on bovine XXXX : a kinetic approach.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In 1974-84 30 @entity0 died with a diagnosis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in Finland. Sixteen of the @entity0 were pathologically confirmed and 14 were probable cases; 6 were familial (20%). One further familial @entity0 was alive at the end of 1984. The median age of the 30 @entity0 at @entity1 was 59.5 years (range 46-73 years). The familial @entity0 were significantly younger than sporadic cases (median and range 49.5 and 46-57 versus 61.5 and 51-73; P less than 0.01). Only 5 of the 24 sporadic @entity0 were @entity0 (male to female ratio 1:3.8). The annual number of new cases as well as the @entity1 rate increased in the late 1970's (annual @entity1 rate 0.57 per million in 1974-84 and 0.91 in 1979-84). This probably reflects the growing awareness of @entity3 among neurologists, rather than a real increase of the incidence and @entity1 rate. Annual age-specific @entity1 rate @entity2 million population in 1974-84 reached a peak value of 2.57 in the age group of 60-64 years. In @entity4 the age-specific @entity1 rate of @entity0 was higher than that of @entity0 in all age groups. A chronic medical condition, precedent or concomitant with @entity3 , was seen in 15 @entity0 .

title: Descriptive epidemiology of XXXX in Finland.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Ten days after his return from Cameroon, a twenty-six year old Frenchman, serving on @entity4 , presented with fulminant @entity8 : shock, altered consciousness, @entity1 , threatening @entity7 (platelets less than 150 X 10(-6).l-1; prothrombin time and Stuart factor less than 50%; @entity3 less than 1.5 g.l-1). In spite of @entity6 therapy, parasitaemia increased from 4 to 35% within 24 h. Using an Haemonetics V50, the exchange of one and a half red blood cell masses was carried out with 17 red blood cell packs. @entity9 was used to prevent the hypocalcaemia induced by the anticoagulant solution. The @entity0 's platelets and plasma were completely reinjected. The result was very satisfactory. This kind of exchange, well tolerated clinically and biologically, would seem better than the classical exchange transfusion. When 10% of the red blood cells are infected by @entity5 , it is necessary to exchange from one and a half to two blood masses. Lesser exchanges are always associated with important relapses and @entity6 therapy must be carried on during and after the exchange. Restricting this exchange only to red blood cells enabled the @entity0 to benefit from his own coagulation factors, antibodies and platelets, and consequently to reduce the number of blood donors involved. However, metabolites (especially @entity2 and circulating immune complexes) were not eliminated. Partial plasmapheresis may be associated with erythropheresis using @entity0 albumin as plasma substitute. This technique needs to be assessed, in order to optimize immediate efficiency and post-transfusion infectious risk.

title: [Treatment of fulminant XXXX with erythrapheresis].

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity1 is clearly more easily prevented than treated. Prevention should start early for those thought to be most at risk. However, for the majority, menopause is the most convenient time point at which to evaluate the necessity for prevention. While @entity7 are the most effective therapeutic agent for prevention of @entity9 , they must be used judiciously with attention to reduction in other nutritional and lifestyle risk factors. When given to @entity0 with an intact uterus, @entity7 prescription currently should be accompanied by progestogens, several of which may also reduce @entity5 . All individuals should be encouraged to obtain an adequate @entity4 intake (100-1500 mg day-1) and to continue an active lifestyle. Therapy of the clinically overt disorder follows similar guidelines, with therapeutic options including calcitonin @entity8 and @entity2 as well as @entity7 as antiresorptive agents. Methods of stimulating new bone formation are limited, the best documented effects being those of @entity6 . However, care must be taken in its use and efficacy has yet to be finally established. Other modalities are as yet experimental. Much can be gained by careful attention to the general health of the @entity0 and their environment, since reduction in risk of falls, and thus @entity3 , is at least as important as attempts to modify the skeleton.

title: Management of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study examined the effect of fluid percussion @entity3 on the activity of cholinergic neurons in specific brain areas of the @entity0 12 min, 4 h and 24 h following injury. @entity4 ( @entity5 ) turnover, used as an index of cholinergic neuronal activity, was determined using a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric technique. The most striking changes in cholinergic activity were observed in the dorsal pontine tegmentum, where concussive @entity3 produced an increase in @entity5 turnover 12 min and 4 h following injury. This area has been previously associated with behavioral changes observed following @entity2 . @entity5 turnover in the thalamus, a region to which pontine cholinergic neurons project, also tended to increase 4 h following injury. On the other hand, @entity5 turnover tended to decrease in the amygdala 4 h following injury. Although there were no significant changes in hippocampal @entity5 content or turnover following injury. @entity5 content did tend to increase in that brain region 12 min following injury. There were no significant effects of injury on cholinergic neurons in the cingulate/frontal cortex. These changes in cholinergic neuronal activity may contribute to the @entity1 following @entity2 . In particular, activation of cholinergic neurons in the pontine region may contribute to components of behavioral suppression associated with reversible traumatic unconsciousness. More generalized changes in cholinergic function may lead to the production of more @entity1 .

title: The effect of concussive XXXX on central cholinergic neurons.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. The actions of @entity4 (Bk) were investigated on @entity0 colon epithelium preparations that had been stripped of the muscle layers. The electrogenic ion flux was monitored by measuring changes in the short circuit current (SCC) produced by addition of drugs. Bk, administered to the basolateral side, but not apical side, of the epithelium evoked an increase in SCC which was separable into two distinct components, both of which were mediated mainly by @entity6 efflux. 2. The early component was robust, reproducible and exhibited clear concentration-dependency with an EC50 of 6.2 nM. The second phase of the response exhibited a much slower time course than the first phase and diminished amplitude with repeated applications of Bk. 3. In preparations of unstripped epithelium, @entity4 (Bk) evoked mainly a slow neurogenic response which was attenuated or abolished by @entity3 ( @entity8 ). When the epithelium was stripped off, @entity8 had little effect either on the baseline SCC or on responses to Bk. 4. Perfusion with zero @entity1 solution did not affect the early phase but abolished the late phase of the Bk response. @entity5 (20 microM), but not @entity2 (20 microM), also attenuated the later phase of the response. 5. @entity7 (2 microM) administered to the basolateral, but not the apical, side produced an increase in SCC. Following desensitization to capsaicin the second phase of the response to Bk was abolished with little effect on the initial response to Bk. 6. The data suggest that Bk increases the efflux of @entity6 ions across the colonic epithelium in at least two ways: (a) by an action on the epithelial cells and (b) by an action on neuronal elements within the epithelium. This latter effect of Bk is due to stimulation of @entity7 -sensitive nerve terminals within the mucosa of the colon epithelium causing the release of a mediator which is responsible for the second phase of the response to Bk.

title: The involvement of afferent nerve terminals in the stimulation of ion transport by XXXX in @entity0 isolated colon.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. The actions of @entity4 (Bk) were investigated on @entity0 colon epithelium preparations that had been stripped of the muscle layers. The electrogenic ion flux was monitored by measuring changes in the short circuit current (SCC) produced by addition of drugs. Bk, administered to the basolateral side, but not apical side, of the epithelium evoked an increase in SCC which was separable into two distinct components, both of which were mediated mainly by @entity6 efflux. 2. The early component was robust, reproducible and exhibited clear concentration-dependency with an EC50 of 6.2 nM. The second phase of the response exhibited a much slower time course than the first phase and diminished amplitude with repeated applications of Bk. 3. In preparations of unstripped epithelium, @entity4 (Bk) evoked mainly a slow neurogenic response which was attenuated or abolished by @entity3 ( @entity8 ). When the epithelium was stripped off, @entity8 had little effect either on the baseline SCC or on responses to Bk. 4. Perfusion with zero @entity1 solution did not affect the early phase but abolished the late phase of the Bk response. @entity5 (20 microM), but not @entity2 (20 microM), also attenuated the later phase of the response. 5. @entity7 (2 microM) administered to the basolateral, but not the apical, side produced an increase in SCC. Following desensitization to capsaicin the second phase of the response to Bk was abolished with little effect on the initial response to Bk. 6. The data suggest that Bk increases the efflux of @entity6 ions across the colonic epithelium in at least two ways: (a) by an action on the epithelial cells and (b) by an action on neuronal elements within the epithelium. This latter effect of Bk is due to stimulation of @entity7 -sensitive nerve terminals within the mucosa of the colon epithelium causing the release of a mediator which is responsible for the second phase of the response to Bk.

title: The involvement of afferent nerve terminals in the stimulation of ion transport by @entity4 in XXXX isolated colon.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In adult @entity1 , neurons displaying histochemical staining for 'non-specific' cholinesterase (ChE) are found 3 distinct regions of the dorsal thalamus: the thalamic reuniens nucleus (Re), the @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and a region that includes the lateral part of the central lateral nucleus (CL) and the ventral portion of the lateral dorsal nucleus (LD). Normal development of ChE-positive neurons was studied with cholinesterase histochemical techniques in postnatal @entity0 @entity1 . Although ChE staining of capillary endothelium is detectable shortly after birth, ChE staining of neurons first occurs at about postnatal day 5 (PND 5) with light staining of @entity2 and @entity3 . At PND 7, staining in @entity2 and @entity3 has increased in intensity and staining also is present in neurons of the anterior ventral (AV) and ventral anterior (VA) nuclei. ChE staining of neurons in Re first appears at PND 10. The number of neurons staining for ChE in each of these nuclei, and also the intensity of staining in individual neurons, appear to increase during the next several days until about PND 14. After PND 14, ChE staining intensity in neurons of @entity2 , Re, and @entity3 appears to plateau and the pattern of staining continues into adulthood. In contrast, ChE staining of neurons in VA declines markedly and only a very few neurons in the dorsal part of VA remain ChE-positive after PND 21. ChE staining of neuropil in AV increases markedly, obscuring somatal staining in this nucleus. These results are discussed in regard to transient and continued expression of ChE activity in the dorsal thalamus and possible functional roles of ChE.

title: Development of 'non-specific' cholinesterase-containing neurons in the dorsal thalamus of the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The case of a 32-year-old parturient with a quintuplet pregnancy is described. The pregnancy had been complicated by @entity5 which was treated with ritodrine tocolysis. @entity6 was administered to hasten fetal lung maturation. The @entity7 therapy was complicated with @entity4 and @entity1 requiring intravenous diuretic treatment. The @entity0 presented urgently for Caesarean section, with @entity4 and worsening thrombocytopaenia. Life-threatening @entity1 was manifest in the immediate preinduction period, following insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter and surgery was delayed to improve the mother's condition with intravenous diuretic therapy. Induction was carried out with the @entity0 in the sitting position, with cricoid pressure maintained to protect the airway as the @entity0 was lowered to a wedged, supine position. Intravenous @entity3 was used to control blood pressure. Low pressure mask-bag ventilation was utilized to maintain @entity2 saturation and the @entity0 was intubated and ventilated with positive end-expiratory pressure. Positive pressure ventilation was continued for 24 hours postoperatively. The perioperative course is reviewed and followed by a discussion of the anaesthetic considerations for multiple gestation pregnancies.

title: Anaesthesia for caesarean section in a parturient with quintuplet gestation, XXXX and thrombocytopaenia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In a cross sectional study, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), beat-to-beat variation ( @entity6 ) at rest and speed of @entity2 (SPD) have been investigated in 127 nonketonuric long-term @entity4 -dependent @entity1 aged 19-72 yr and in age-matched control subjects. 84% of the @entity0 had electrophysiologic abnormalities, 58% had symptomatic @entity3 , 35% had abnormal cardiac parasympathetic tests and 26% had abnormal pupillary tests. The most frequent pathologic feature was a decreased sural SNCV (66%). Among the @entity0 without symptomatic @entity3 , 71% showed electrophysiologic abnormalities. MNCV and SNCV in median, peroneal and sural nerves correlated with @entity6 (p less than 0.005), but only peroneal MNCV was related to SPD (p less than 0.005). There was also a relationship between @entity6 and SPD (p less than 0.05). Glycosylated hemoglobin ( @entity5 ) levels correlated inversely with median MNCV (p less than 0.001), and SNCV (p less than 0.03), peroneal MNCV (p less than 0.05) and sural SNCV (p less than 0.05). @entity0 with abnormal peripheral or autonomic nerve function tests or symptomatic @entity3 had significantly higher @entity5 levels than those with normal tests (p less than 0.04) or asymptomatic @entity0 (p less than 0.01). Median MNCV and SNCV, sural SNCV and @entity6 deteriorated with age (p less than 0.05) and median SNCV and peroneal MNCV deteriorated with the duration of @entity1 (p less than 0.001). Our findings show an association between @entity3 in long-term @entity4 -dependent @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Peripheral and autonomic nerve function in long-term @entity4 -dependent XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In a cross sectional study, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), beat-to-beat variation ( @entity6 ) at rest and speed of @entity2 (SPD) have been investigated in 127 nonketonuric long-term @entity4 -dependent @entity1 aged 19-72 yr and in age-matched control subjects. 84% of the @entity0 had electrophysiologic abnormalities, 58% had symptomatic @entity3 , 35% had abnormal cardiac parasympathetic tests and 26% had abnormal pupillary tests. The most frequent pathologic feature was a decreased sural SNCV (66%). Among the @entity0 without symptomatic @entity3 , 71% showed electrophysiologic abnormalities. MNCV and SNCV in median, peroneal and sural nerves correlated with @entity6 (p less than 0.005), but only peroneal MNCV was related to SPD (p less than 0.005). There was also a relationship between @entity6 and SPD (p less than 0.05). Glycosylated hemoglobin ( @entity5 ) levels correlated inversely with median MNCV (p less than 0.001), and SNCV (p less than 0.03), peroneal MNCV (p less than 0.05) and sural SNCV (p less than 0.05). @entity0 with abnormal peripheral or autonomic nerve function tests or symptomatic @entity3 had significantly higher @entity5 levels than those with normal tests (p less than 0.04) or asymptomatic @entity0 (p less than 0.01). Median MNCV and SNCV, sural SNCV and @entity6 deteriorated with age (p less than 0.05) and median SNCV and peroneal MNCV deteriorated with the duration of @entity1 (p less than 0.001). Our findings show an association between @entity3 in long-term @entity4 -dependent @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Peripheral and autonomic nerve function in long-term XXXX -dependent @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The hormonal induction and immunological reactivities of the cell-associated plasminogen activators (PAs) produced by granulosa cells obtained from the ovaries of @entity4 -implanted immature @entity1 were studied. FSH and other @entity2 -inducing ligands, including cholera toxin, @entity3 , and @entity5 , elevated the PA activity of granulosa cells in a concentration-dependent manner during a 4-h culture, with an approximate 10-fold maximal increase in PA activity compared to control cells. Negligible levels of PA activity were observed in the extracellular medium in the absence or presence of hormones. The PA induced by FSH or @entity2 in intact cells was progressively neutralized during the 4-h culture by increasing amounts of antibodies to the tissue-type PA (tPA), but not by an IgG fraction against the urokinase-type PA (UK-PA). However, solubilization of granulosa cells with Triton X-100 revealed the presence of intracellular UK-PA activity in both FSH-treated and control cells that consisted of about 20% of the total cellular PA activity. Electrophoretic analysis of extracts from solubilized granulosa cells indicated the presence of three peaks of PA activity. A PA with a Mr of 70,000 was induced by FSH, was completely inactivated by tPA antibodies, and required fibrin for full activity. A 40,000 Mr fibrin-independent PA was also stimulated by FSH and was partially inhibited by UK-PA antibodies, but not by anti-tPA immunoglobulin G. A third peak of PA activity comigrated with a @entity0 UK-PA standard at a Mr of 33,000, was fully neutralized by UK-PA antibodies, and was largely present only in control cells. These results suggest that during the first hours of granulosa cell development, FSH via @entity2 induces the production of a cell-surface tPA, while both FSH-treated and control cells synthesize intracellular UK-PAs. Hormonal regulation of the production and activities of these cellular enzymes may allow the expression of specific differentiated functions of developing granulosa cells.

title: Hormonal and immunological characterization of the cell-associated plasminogen activators produced by cultured XXXX granulosa cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: During a 15-month period all @entity0 below 16 years admitted to the @entity0 's Hospital in St. Gallen with acute @entity3 were studied for @entity4 . Stool samples from control @entity0 without @entity2 were investigated for RV shedding in order to detect RV carriers or asymptomatically infected @entity0 . RV was detected by electrophoresis of RV genomic dsRNA in 154 @entity0 . 119 (58%) of 205 @entity0 hospitalized because of @entity1 were RV associated, 25 @entity0 became symptomatically ill during their hospitalization, and in 10 (1%) of 954 control @entity0 RV could be found. During the winter 1983/1984 two epidemic peaks of RV associated @entity1 were noted, whereas in the summer period RV related disease occurred only sporadically. The peak incidence of @entity4 was in the age group between 10 and 12 months. After the 3rd year of life @entity4 only rarely required hospitalization. During this study period 8 different genomic RNA patterns of RV were found. The number of @entity0 within these 8 RV types, however, is too small to allow definite correlations between epidemiological or clinical features and selected electrophorotypes. The possibility to perform refined epidemiological and clinical analyses of @entity4 by genomic dsRNA electrophoresis offers important advantages when compared to other RV detection systems. In addition, this method has proven to be fast, simple and reliable.

title: [ XXXX in childhood: studies using a molecular biology method (gene electrophoresis)].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The accuracy of the Continuous @entity2 Monitoring System, CGMS (Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA) was assessed in @entity0 and adolescents with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) when compared with reference serum @entity2 levels during spontaneous fluctuations in @entity2 levels over 24 h and during acute hyper- and @entity3 . Ninety-one subjects with type 1 @entity1 (3.5-17.7 years old) wore one or two CGMSs while blood samples were obtained for serum @entity2 determinations (made at a central laboratory) hourly during the day, every 30 min overnight, and every 5 min during meal-induced @entity4 and insulin-induced @entity3 tests, resulting in 6778 CGMS-reference @entity2 pairs. CGMS function was assessed on each of the 3 days of sensor life. The median relative absolute difference (RAD) between the CGMS and reference values was 18% (25th, 75th percentiles = 8%, 34%). Similar results were obtained on each of the 3 days of sensor life. Accuracy was worse during @entity3 than during @entity4 . Modified sensors that first became available in November 2002 were more accurate than were the original sensors (median RAD = 11% vs. 19%) and had better precision (r = 0.92 vs. r = 0.77) during time periods in which two CGMSs were simultaneously used. The CGMS sensors that have been in clinical use until recently are often inaccurate in quantifying @entity2 values in @entity0 with @entity1 . However, recent modifications to the sensor have resulted in substantially better accuracy and reliability. This improved function, if confirmed by additional data, may enhance the clinical utility of the CGMS.

title: The accuracy of the CGMS in @entity0 with type 1 XXXX : results of the @entity1 in @entity0 network (DirecNet) accuracy study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The accuracy of the Continuous @entity2 Monitoring System, CGMS (Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA) was assessed in @entity0 and adolescents with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) when compared with reference serum @entity2 levels during spontaneous fluctuations in @entity2 levels over 24 h and during acute hyper- and @entity3 . Ninety-one subjects with type 1 @entity1 (3.5-17.7 years old) wore one or two CGMSs while blood samples were obtained for serum @entity2 determinations (made at a central laboratory) hourly during the day, every 30 min overnight, and every 5 min during meal-induced @entity4 and insulin-induced @entity3 tests, resulting in 6778 CGMS-reference @entity2 pairs. CGMS function was assessed on each of the 3 days of sensor life. The median relative absolute difference (RAD) between the CGMS and reference values was 18% (25th, 75th percentiles = 8%, 34%). Similar results were obtained on each of the 3 days of sensor life. Accuracy was worse during @entity3 than during @entity4 . Modified sensors that first became available in November 2002 were more accurate than were the original sensors (median RAD = 11% vs. 19%) and had better precision (r = 0.92 vs. r = 0.77) during time periods in which two CGMSs were simultaneously used. The CGMS sensors that have been in clinical use until recently are often inaccurate in quantifying @entity2 values in @entity0 with @entity1 . However, recent modifications to the sensor have resulted in substantially better accuracy and reliability. This improved function, if confirmed by additional data, may enhance the clinical utility of the CGMS.

title: The accuracy of the CGMS in @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 : results of the XXXX in @entity0 network (DirecNet) accuracy study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The accuracy of the Continuous @entity2 Monitoring System, CGMS (Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA) was assessed in @entity0 and adolescents with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) when compared with reference serum @entity2 levels during spontaneous fluctuations in @entity2 levels over 24 h and during acute hyper- and @entity3 . Ninety-one subjects with type 1 @entity1 (3.5-17.7 years old) wore one or two CGMSs while blood samples were obtained for serum @entity2 determinations (made at a central laboratory) hourly during the day, every 30 min overnight, and every 5 min during meal-induced @entity4 and insulin-induced @entity3 tests, resulting in 6778 CGMS-reference @entity2 pairs. CGMS function was assessed on each of the 3 days of sensor life. The median relative absolute difference (RAD) between the CGMS and reference values was 18% (25th, 75th percentiles = 8%, 34%). Similar results were obtained on each of the 3 days of sensor life. Accuracy was worse during @entity3 than during @entity4 . Modified sensors that first became available in November 2002 were more accurate than were the original sensors (median RAD = 11% vs. 19%) and had better precision (r = 0.92 vs. r = 0.77) during time periods in which two CGMSs were simultaneously used. The CGMS sensors that have been in clinical use until recently are often inaccurate in quantifying @entity2 values in @entity0 with @entity1 . However, recent modifications to the sensor have resulted in substantially better accuracy and reliability. This improved function, if confirmed by additional data, may enhance the clinical utility of the CGMS.

title: The accuracy of the CGMS in XXXX with type 1 @entity1 : results of the @entity1 in @entity0 network (DirecNet) accuracy study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The accuracy of the Continuous @entity2 Monitoring System, CGMS (Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA) was assessed in @entity0 and adolescents with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) when compared with reference serum @entity2 levels during spontaneous fluctuations in @entity2 levels over 24 h and during acute hyper- and @entity3 . Ninety-one subjects with type 1 @entity1 (3.5-17.7 years old) wore one or two CGMSs while blood samples were obtained for serum @entity2 determinations (made at a central laboratory) hourly during the day, every 30 min overnight, and every 5 min during meal-induced @entity4 and insulin-induced @entity3 tests, resulting in 6778 CGMS-reference @entity2 pairs. CGMS function was assessed on each of the 3 days of sensor life. The median relative absolute difference (RAD) between the CGMS and reference values was 18% (25th, 75th percentiles = 8%, 34%). Similar results were obtained on each of the 3 days of sensor life. Accuracy was worse during @entity3 than during @entity4 . Modified sensors that first became available in November 2002 were more accurate than were the original sensors (median RAD = 11% vs. 19%) and had better precision (r = 0.92 vs. r = 0.77) during time periods in which two CGMSs were simultaneously used. The CGMS sensors that have been in clinical use until recently are often inaccurate in quantifying @entity2 values in @entity0 with @entity1 . However, recent modifications to the sensor have resulted in substantially better accuracy and reliability. This improved function, if confirmed by additional data, may enhance the clinical utility of the CGMS.

title: The accuracy of the CGMS in @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 : results of the @entity1 in XXXX network (DirecNet) accuracy study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: One hundred two @entity0 with cervico-facial @entity3 were treated with surgery alone, radiotherapy alone or both from 1951 to 1980. All the cases have a 5-year minimum follow-up. The local control rate is 55.5% at 5 years and 37.7% at 10 years. The 5-year local control rate is 44% with surgery alone, 65.8% with radiotherapy alone and 77.8% with post-operative radiotherapy. The difference between surgery alone and radiosurgical association is significant (p less than 0.01). The bone involvement diminished local control rate (32.2%/k 68.8%). The 5-year survival rate of the @entity0 who recurred and have been retreated is 70.5%. The 5-year survival rate of the @entity0 after the appearance of a @entity1 is 38.1% and 2 @entity0 have survived more than 10 years. The NED 5-year survival rate is 48.8%. There is no significant difference in the NED 5-year survival rate according to sites or treatments. The crude 5-year survival rate is 70%, 51.4% at 10 years and 32.2% at 15 years. Our study shows that @entity3 have a peculiar and slow evolution. Surgery with post-operative radiotherapy obtains the best local control. These results and the radiosensibility of these lesions allow us to propose an aggressive treatment for the recurrence and the @entity2 of the directly metastatic @entity0 .

title: Cervico-facial XXXX : study of 102 cases. Influence of radiation therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The efficacy and safety of aztreonam in the treatment of serious gam-negative @entity2 were investigated in 20 @entity0 , 19 of whom were more than 60 years old. There were 13 cases of @entity3 , 6 of @entity4 and one of @entity5 . Half the @entity0 were in a critical clinical condition with significant severe underlying disease. Aztreonam was given i.v. or i.m. in doses ranging from 1.5 to 4 g/day according to the severity of the @entity2 . The duration of treatment ranged from 7 to 20 days. In 5 @entity0 with @entity6 due to gram-positive and anaerobic organisms in addition to gram-negative pathogens, @entity10 was given in combination with @entity9 and @entity7 as appropriate. Clinical and bacteriological cures were observed in all 20 @entity0 . There were two cases of reinfection and 3 of superinfection--all occurred in @entity0 with severe underlying disease. Untoward effects were few and of minor severity. @entity8 clearance remained stable or improved during aztreonam treatment, even in @entity0 with significant @entity1 . In conclusion, aztreonam was shown to be both effective and safe in the treatment of serious gram-negative @entity2 in elderly @entity0 --even those with @entity1 . In such indications aztreonam appears to be a good alternative to potentially toxic drugs such as the aminoglycosides.

title: Aztreonam in the treatment of serious gram-negative XXXX in the elderly.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A combination of @entity8 (3 mg/m2, day 1) and @entity5 (60 mg/kg, days 1-5 + Mesna) was administered every three weeks to 11 @entity0 with primary resistant and 23 with recurrent @entity7 . All @entity0 had been pre-treated with chemotherapy, 16 in addition with radiotherapy. At the onset of the @entity8 - @entity5 treatment the @entity1 was in a localized regional stage in ten @entity0 , while in 24 it was in a more widely spread stage. In 29 @entity0 whose treatment results could be evaluated the remission rate was 38%, with two complete and nine partial remissions. In a further eight @entity0 the @entity1 was arrested. The @entity0 with complete remission (for 46 and 53 weeks, respectively), those with partial remission (median of 39 weeks) and those with stationary disease (median of 31 weeks) survived significantly longer than those with progressing disease (13 weeks). There was no correlation between treatment result and pre-treatment. On recurrence after complete remission or in the localized regional stage the remission rate was 70% and 60%, respectively, and the survival time was extended in 90% of cases. In addition to @entity4 , @entity6 and myelosuppression, side-effects included vomiting, reversible CNS symptoms, @entity3 and urotoxicity. On the basis of acceptable @entity2 , combined @entity8 and @entity5 constitute an effective treatment of otherwise treatment-refractory cases of @entity7 .

title: [Therapy of primary resistant or recurrent XXXX with @entity8 and @entity5 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: A combination of @entity8 (3 mg/m2, day 1) and @entity5 (60 mg/kg, days 1-5 + Mesna) was administered every three weeks to 11 @entity0 with primary resistant and 23 with recurrent @entity7 . All @entity0 had been pre-treated with chemotherapy, 16 in addition with radiotherapy. At the onset of the @entity8 - @entity5 treatment the @entity1 was in a localized regional stage in ten @entity0 , while in 24 it was in a more widely spread stage. In 29 @entity0 whose treatment results could be evaluated the remission rate was 38%, with two complete and nine partial remissions. In a further eight @entity0 the @entity1 was arrested. The @entity0 with complete remission (for 46 and 53 weeks, respectively), those with partial remission (median of 39 weeks) and those with stationary disease (median of 31 weeks) survived significantly longer than those with progressing disease (13 weeks). There was no correlation between treatment result and pre-treatment. On recurrence after complete remission or in the localized regional stage the remission rate was 70% and 60%, respectively, and the survival time was extended in 90% of cases. In addition to @entity4 , @entity6 and myelosuppression, side-effects included vomiting, reversible CNS symptoms, @entity3 and urotoxicity. On the basis of acceptable @entity2 , combined @entity8 and @entity5 constitute an effective treatment of otherwise treatment-refractory cases of @entity7 .

title: [Therapy of primary resistant or recurrent @entity7 with @entity8 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A combination of @entity8 (3 mg/m2, day 1) and @entity5 (60 mg/kg, days 1-5 + Mesna) was administered every three weeks to 11 @entity0 with primary resistant and 23 with recurrent @entity7 . All @entity0 had been pre-treated with chemotherapy, 16 in addition with radiotherapy. At the onset of the @entity8 - @entity5 treatment the @entity1 was in a localized regional stage in ten @entity0 , while in 24 it was in a more widely spread stage. In 29 @entity0 whose treatment results could be evaluated the remission rate was 38%, with two complete and nine partial remissions. In a further eight @entity0 the @entity1 was arrested. The @entity0 with complete remission (for 46 and 53 weeks, respectively), those with partial remission (median of 39 weeks) and those with stationary disease (median of 31 weeks) survived significantly longer than those with progressing disease (13 weeks). There was no correlation between treatment result and pre-treatment. On recurrence after complete remission or in the localized regional stage the remission rate was 70% and 60%, respectively, and the survival time was extended in 90% of cases. In addition to @entity4 , @entity6 and myelosuppression, side-effects included vomiting, reversible CNS symptoms, @entity3 and urotoxicity. On the basis of acceptable @entity2 , combined @entity8 and @entity5 constitute an effective treatment of otherwise treatment-refractory cases of @entity7 .

title: [Therapy of primary resistant or recurrent @entity7 with XXXX and @entity5 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: The clinical features of eight @entity0 and three @entity0 with nonfunctioning islet cell @entity4 were reviewed. The mean @entity0 age was 58 years (range 44 to 75 years). Weight loss and @entity3 were the most frequent presenting symptoms. An abdominal mass was palpable in five @entity0 . At operation regional or distant metastases were present in 82% of @entity0 . Only 18% of @entity0 underwent resection for potential cure. All @entity1 proved histologically to be neuroendocrine in origin. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive reactivity for @entity6 and chromogranin in all @entity1 studied but was negative for insulin, glucagon, and @entity5 . Focal positivity for pancreatic polypeptide was seen in one @entity1 . Nine @entity0 with unresectable disease at operation were available for follow-up. Mean survival for the entire group was 23 +/- 7.2 months (range 4 to 72 months). Survival differences between @entity0 and @entity0 appeared to favor @entity0 but were not statistically significant. Postoperative regional or systemic chemotherapy also had no significant effect on @entity0 survival although two of the longest survivors (36 and 72 months) had received adjunctive chemotherapy. Nonfunctioning islet cell @entity1 are locally aggressive, have a propensity for early metastases, and are rarely resectable for cure. Unlike pancreatic exocrine @entity2 , endocrine @entity1 may respond favorably to adjunctive chemotherapy.

title: Nonfunctioning XXXX of the pancreas.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Neurophysins have been recognized as the carrier proteins of vasopressin and @entity2 . The distribution of neurophysins is immunohistochemically confirmed in the hypothalamus, median eminence, and posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The authors detected neurophysins in the @entity0 corticotrophs and @entity4 with the use of the immunohistochemical method with antiserum to @entity0 neurophysins, which did not cross-react with @entity5 (ACTH), @entity6 . All of ten pituitary glands obtained by autopsy revealed the presence of neurophysin-positive cells in the anterior, intermediate, and the posterior lobes. The neurophysin-positive cells were similar to the corticotrophs in shape and distribution. Simultaneous staining for ACTH and neurophysins in the serial sections revealed that neurophysin-positive cells were also ACTH-positive. One hundred twenty-four cases of @entity4 operated upon were investigated. All of 7 @entity3 were composed of neurophysin-positive cells. Six @entity1 with giantism showed sparsely distributed neurophysin-positive cells. No neurophysin-positive cells were observed in any other cases. This study is the first reported evidence of the presence of neurophysins in the @entity0 corticotrophs and @entity4 .

title: Presence of neurophysins in the @entity0 pituitary corticotrophs, @entity3 , and growth hormone-producing XXXX detected by immunohistochemical study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Neurophysins have been recognized as the carrier proteins of vasopressin and @entity2 . The distribution of neurophysins is immunohistochemically confirmed in the hypothalamus, median eminence, and posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The authors detected neurophysins in the @entity0 corticotrophs and @entity4 with the use of the immunohistochemical method with antiserum to @entity0 neurophysins, which did not cross-react with @entity5 (ACTH), @entity6 . All of ten pituitary glands obtained by autopsy revealed the presence of neurophysin-positive cells in the anterior, intermediate, and the posterior lobes. The neurophysin-positive cells were similar to the corticotrophs in shape and distribution. Simultaneous staining for ACTH and neurophysins in the serial sections revealed that neurophysin-positive cells were also ACTH-positive. One hundred twenty-four cases of @entity4 operated upon were investigated. All of 7 @entity3 were composed of neurophysin-positive cells. Six @entity1 with giantism showed sparsely distributed neurophysin-positive cells. No neurophysin-positive cells were observed in any other cases. This study is the first reported evidence of the presence of neurophysins in the @entity0 corticotrophs and @entity4 .

title: Presence of neurophysins in the @entity0 pituitary corticotrophs, XXXX , and growth hormone-producing @entity3 detected by immunohistochemical study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Neurophysins have been recognized as the carrier proteins of vasopressin and @entity2 . The distribution of neurophysins is immunohistochemically confirmed in the hypothalamus, median eminence, and posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The authors detected neurophysins in the @entity0 corticotrophs and @entity4 with the use of the immunohistochemical method with antiserum to @entity0 neurophysins, which did not cross-react with @entity5 (ACTH), @entity6 . All of ten pituitary glands obtained by autopsy revealed the presence of neurophysin-positive cells in the anterior, intermediate, and the posterior lobes. The neurophysin-positive cells were similar to the corticotrophs in shape and distribution. Simultaneous staining for ACTH and neurophysins in the serial sections revealed that neurophysin-positive cells were also ACTH-positive. One hundred twenty-four cases of @entity4 operated upon were investigated. All of 7 @entity3 were composed of neurophysin-positive cells. Six @entity1 with giantism showed sparsely distributed neurophysin-positive cells. No neurophysin-positive cells were observed in any other cases. This study is the first reported evidence of the presence of neurophysins in the @entity0 corticotrophs and @entity4 .

title: Presence of neurophysins in the XXXX pituitary corticotrophs, @entity3 , and growth hormone-producing @entity3 detected by immunohistochemical study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 and @entity2 specific inhibitors exert chemo-preventative activity. However, the exact mechanisms for this activity remain unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs regulate gene expression, which may be responsible, in part, for this activity. In this study, @entity0 @entity1 HCT-116 cells were treated with the @entity5 specific inhibitor @entity7 and the @entity2 specific inhibitor @entity11 to evaluate their ability to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, inhibit growth on soft agar and modulate gene expression. The @entity5 specific inhibitor, @entity7 significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth of HCT-116 cells on soft agar, an in vitro assay for tumorigenicity. @entity11 moderately induced apoptosis and inhibited growth on soft agar at higher concentrations than were required for @entity7 . Previously, we reported that the potent chemo-preventative drug sulindac @entity3 altered the expression of eight genes including several transcription factors that may be linked to this drug's chemo-preventative activity. HCT-116 cells were treated with various concentrations of @entity7 or @entity11 and changes in the expression of these eight genes were determined by real-time reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction. @entity7 modulated mRNA expression of the eight genes studied. In contrast, @entity11 required approximately 5-10-fold higher concentrations to achieve similar degrees of gene modulation in six of eight genes. Changes in protein expression by @entity7 also occurred for five of these genes with antibodies available ( @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity4 , @entity12 and @entity8 ). In conclusion, this is the first report to suggest that like @entity6 , the @entity5 specific inhibitor @entity7 appears to elicit chemo-preventative activity by altering gene expression, while the chemo-preventative effects of @entity11 are complex and probably work through these and other mechanisms, such as the inhibition of @entity2 .

title: Gene modulation by XXXX and @entity2 specific inhibitors in @entity0 @entity1 cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 and @entity2 specific inhibitors exert chemo-preventative activity. However, the exact mechanisms for this activity remain unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs regulate gene expression, which may be responsible, in part, for this activity. In this study, @entity0 @entity1 HCT-116 cells were treated with the @entity5 specific inhibitor @entity7 and the @entity2 specific inhibitor @entity11 to evaluate their ability to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, inhibit growth on soft agar and modulate gene expression. The @entity5 specific inhibitor, @entity7 significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth of HCT-116 cells on soft agar, an in vitro assay for tumorigenicity. @entity11 moderately induced apoptosis and inhibited growth on soft agar at higher concentrations than were required for @entity7 . Previously, we reported that the potent chemo-preventative drug sulindac @entity3 altered the expression of eight genes including several transcription factors that may be linked to this drug's chemo-preventative activity. HCT-116 cells were treated with various concentrations of @entity7 or @entity11 and changes in the expression of these eight genes were determined by real-time reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction. @entity7 modulated mRNA expression of the eight genes studied. In contrast, @entity11 required approximately 5-10-fold higher concentrations to achieve similar degrees of gene modulation in six of eight genes. Changes in protein expression by @entity7 also occurred for five of these genes with antibodies available ( @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity4 , @entity12 and @entity8 ). In conclusion, this is the first report to suggest that like @entity6 , the @entity5 specific inhibitor @entity7 appears to elicit chemo-preventative activity by altering gene expression, while the chemo-preventative effects of @entity11 are complex and probably work through these and other mechanisms, such as the inhibition of @entity2 .

title: Gene modulation by @entity5 and XXXX specific inhibitors in @entity0 @entity1 cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 and @entity2 specific inhibitors exert chemo-preventative activity. However, the exact mechanisms for this activity remain unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs regulate gene expression, which may be responsible, in part, for this activity. In this study, @entity0 @entity1 HCT-116 cells were treated with the @entity5 specific inhibitor @entity7 and the @entity2 specific inhibitor @entity11 to evaluate their ability to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, inhibit growth on soft agar and modulate gene expression. The @entity5 specific inhibitor, @entity7 significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth of HCT-116 cells on soft agar, an in vitro assay for tumorigenicity. @entity11 moderately induced apoptosis and inhibited growth on soft agar at higher concentrations than were required for @entity7 . Previously, we reported that the potent chemo-preventative drug sulindac @entity3 altered the expression of eight genes including several transcription factors that may be linked to this drug's chemo-preventative activity. HCT-116 cells were treated with various concentrations of @entity7 or @entity11 and changes in the expression of these eight genes were determined by real-time reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction. @entity7 modulated mRNA expression of the eight genes studied. In contrast, @entity11 required approximately 5-10-fold higher concentrations to achieve similar degrees of gene modulation in six of eight genes. Changes in protein expression by @entity7 also occurred for five of these genes with antibodies available ( @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity4 , @entity12 and @entity8 ). In conclusion, this is the first report to suggest that like @entity6 , the @entity5 specific inhibitor @entity7 appears to elicit chemo-preventative activity by altering gene expression, while the chemo-preventative effects of @entity11 are complex and probably work through these and other mechanisms, such as the inhibition of @entity2 .

title: Gene modulation by @entity5 and @entity2 specific inhibitors in @entity0 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 and @entity2 specific inhibitors exert chemo-preventative activity. However, the exact mechanisms for this activity remain unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs regulate gene expression, which may be responsible, in part, for this activity. In this study, @entity0 @entity1 HCT-116 cells were treated with the @entity5 specific inhibitor @entity7 and the @entity2 specific inhibitor @entity11 to evaluate their ability to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, inhibit growth on soft agar and modulate gene expression. The @entity5 specific inhibitor, @entity7 significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth of HCT-116 cells on soft agar, an in vitro assay for tumorigenicity. @entity11 moderately induced apoptosis and inhibited growth on soft agar at higher concentrations than were required for @entity7 . Previously, we reported that the potent chemo-preventative drug sulindac @entity3 altered the expression of eight genes including several transcription factors that may be linked to this drug's chemo-preventative activity. HCT-116 cells were treated with various concentrations of @entity7 or @entity11 and changes in the expression of these eight genes were determined by real-time reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction. @entity7 modulated mRNA expression of the eight genes studied. In contrast, @entity11 required approximately 5-10-fold higher concentrations to achieve similar degrees of gene modulation in six of eight genes. Changes in protein expression by @entity7 also occurred for five of these genes with antibodies available ( @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity4 , @entity12 and @entity8 ). In conclusion, this is the first report to suggest that like @entity6 , the @entity5 specific inhibitor @entity7 appears to elicit chemo-preventative activity by altering gene expression, while the chemo-preventative effects of @entity11 are complex and probably work through these and other mechanisms, such as the inhibition of @entity2 .

title: Gene modulation by @entity5 and @entity2 specific inhibitors in XXXX @entity1 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Interferon (IFN)-alpha treatment is a common therapy for @entity6 and contributes to preventing hepatocarcinogenesis. However, it is not clear whether IFN-alpha directly inhibits the clonal expansion of pre-neoplastic hepatocytes. To clarify the mechanism by which IFN-alpha prevents hepatocarcinogenesis, we examined the effect of IFN-alpha in a chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis model initiated by @entity3 ( @entity4 ) and promoted by @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and partial hepatectomy, in which @entity5 ( @entity5 ) arises through pre-neoplastic foci without @entity1 or @entity2 . The protocols of IFN-alpha administration were started simultaneously with chemical initiation and lasted for either 4 or 40 weeks. The pre-neoplastic foci and neoplastic @entity5 were evaluated at 4 or 40 weeks after chemical initiation, respectively. The effects of IFN-alpha were assessed by the expression of @entity0 -related genes and cell cycle-related genes in the pre-neoplastic foci, using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As a result of IFN-alpha treatment, the numbers and average volume of pre-neoplastic foci were reduced. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen index and the expression of G(1) cyclins were also reduced in the pre-neoplastic foci in the IFN-treated group. The expression of @entity8 , which is an inhibitor of cyclin-kinase complexes was higher in the foci of the IFN-treated group, while @entity9 expression was not altered in this group, compared with the control group. IFN-alpha also suppressed the @entity0 development at 40 weeks after initiation. And in the long-term IFN-alpha-treated group, both the @entity0 numbers and average @entity0 size were markedly more reduced than those in the short-term-treated group. Therefore, it was demonstrated that longer treatment with IFN-alpha was more effective, compared with shorter treatment. In conclusion, it was shown that IFN-alpha directly prevented and delayed hepatocarcinogenesis through the suppression of pre-neoplastic cell proliferation and that it may partially depend on @entity8 induction through a @entity9 -independent pathway.

title: IFN-alpha prevents the growth of pre-neoplastic lesions and inhibits the development of XXXX in the rat.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We evaluated the usefulness of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) occlusion using a new catheter that combines good angiographic properties, easy manipulation across the duct, documentation of aortic and pulmonary artery pressure, and coil delivery for percutaneous transaortic ductal occlusion. Thirty @entity0 (13 females and 17 males) who met the clinical and echocardiographic criteria for the percutaneous closure of @entity1 were catheterized. The @entity0 selected for this study had a small to moderate @entity1 with a conal or tubular shape, adequate aortic ampula, and normal or mildly elevated pulmonary artery pressure. The median age was 4.8 years (range, 10 months-20 years). @entity0 were catheterized by the transaortic approach using the new angiographic and coil delivery catheter specially designed for this procedure. A @entity1 was closed in every case. A single DuctOcclud pfm coil was delivered in 28 @entity0 , and 2 @entity0 had NitOcclud pfm coils for ductal occlusion. The screening time was measured and found to be 50% less than the measured screening time using other catheters in our laboratory. Only one catheter and one guidewire were used per procedure, with no need for exchange wires or the establishment of an arteriovenous loop. The procedure time was also reduced by 50%. A minimal residual shunt, demonstrated by color-flow Doppler mapping, was present in 2 @entity0 . The new combined angiographic and coil delivery catheter is most suitable for transaortic @entity1 coil occlusion, significantly decreasing the procedure and screening time.

title: Percutaneous transaortic occlusion of XXXX using a new versatile angiographic and delivery catheter.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic methods were used to examine the GABAergic innervation of the inferior olivary nucleus in adult @entity0 . This neuronal system was visualized with an antibody against @entity1 decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15), the @entity2 -synthesizing enzyme. A GAD-positive reaction product was encountered only in short segments of preterminal axons and in axon terminals. Their relative number per unit area of neuropil was very similar in all olivary subnuclei. Despite this homogeneity in density, obvious intraregional differences existed. Some regions were strongly immunoreactive (the "c" subgroup, the beta nucleus, and the mediolateral outgrowth of the medial accessory olive), whereas others were weakly labeled (the dorsomedial cell column and the central zones of the medial accessory and principal olives). The strongly immunoreactive areas contained the largest and most intensively labeled axon terminals. Areas of weak labeling were filled with small, weakly immunoreactive nerve terminals. Thus, variations in size and in intensity of labeling create a specific pattern of @entity2 innervation, revealed by an almost continuous gradient between the above-mentioned extremes. The GAD-positive axon terminals established conventional synapses with dendrites (94% of the samples) or with cell bodies (6%). The vast majority of these synapses were type II (84%) and only a small proportion formed type I synaptic contacts (16%), regardless of the nature of the postsynaptic element. Immunoreactive terminals were also involved in the complex synaptic arrangements--the glomeruli, which characterize the olivary neuropil. Within these formations, olivary neurons were electrotonically coupled through @entity3 . There was a constant association between GAD-positive axon terminals and small dendritic appendages linked by gap junctions. This association was revealed not only by the systematic presence of immunolabeled terminals directly apposed to the dendritic appendages but, more importantly, by the frequent presence of type II synapses straddling both elements. These synapses were in close proximity to the low-resistance pathways represented by the gap junctions. The strategic location of these @entity2 synapses is discussed in relation to recent findings indicating the possibility of a synaptic modulation of the electrical coupling: the release of @entity2 , by increasing nonjunctional membrane conductance, could shunt the coupling between olivary neurons. The functional decoupling of selected gap junctions would be responsible for the spatial organization of the olivary electrotonic coupling.

title: Localization of @entity1 -decarboxylase-immunoreactive axon terminals in the inferior olive of the @entity0 , with special emphasis on anatomical relations between GABAergic synapses and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic methods were used to examine the GABAergic innervation of the inferior olivary nucleus in adult @entity0 . This neuronal system was visualized with an antibody against @entity1 decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15), the @entity2 -synthesizing enzyme. A GAD-positive reaction product was encountered only in short segments of preterminal axons and in axon terminals. Their relative number per unit area of neuropil was very similar in all olivary subnuclei. Despite this homogeneity in density, obvious intraregional differences existed. Some regions were strongly immunoreactive (the "c" subgroup, the beta nucleus, and the mediolateral outgrowth of the medial accessory olive), whereas others were weakly labeled (the dorsomedial cell column and the central zones of the medial accessory and principal olives). The strongly immunoreactive areas contained the largest and most intensively labeled axon terminals. Areas of weak labeling were filled with small, weakly immunoreactive nerve terminals. Thus, variations in size and in intensity of labeling create a specific pattern of @entity2 innervation, revealed by an almost continuous gradient between the above-mentioned extremes. The GAD-positive axon terminals established conventional synapses with dendrites (94% of the samples) or with cell bodies (6%). The vast majority of these synapses were type II (84%) and only a small proportion formed type I synaptic contacts (16%), regardless of the nature of the postsynaptic element. Immunoreactive terminals were also involved in the complex synaptic arrangements--the glomeruli, which characterize the olivary neuropil. Within these formations, olivary neurons were electrotonically coupled through @entity3 . There was a constant association between GAD-positive axon terminals and small dendritic appendages linked by gap junctions. This association was revealed not only by the systematic presence of immunolabeled terminals directly apposed to the dendritic appendages but, more importantly, by the frequent presence of type II synapses straddling both elements. These synapses were in close proximity to the low-resistance pathways represented by the gap junctions. The strategic location of these @entity2 synapses is discussed in relation to recent findings indicating the possibility of a synaptic modulation of the electrical coupling: the release of @entity2 , by increasing nonjunctional membrane conductance, could shunt the coupling between olivary neurons. The functional decoupling of selected gap junctions would be responsible for the spatial organization of the olivary electrotonic coupling.

title: Localization of XXXX -decarboxylase-immunoreactive axon terminals in the inferior olive of the @entity0 , with special emphasis on anatomical relations between GABAergic synapses and @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic methods were used to examine the GABAergic innervation of the inferior olivary nucleus in adult @entity0 . This neuronal system was visualized with an antibody against @entity1 decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15), the @entity2 -synthesizing enzyme. A GAD-positive reaction product was encountered only in short segments of preterminal axons and in axon terminals. Their relative number per unit area of neuropil was very similar in all olivary subnuclei. Despite this homogeneity in density, obvious intraregional differences existed. Some regions were strongly immunoreactive (the "c" subgroup, the beta nucleus, and the mediolateral outgrowth of the medial accessory olive), whereas others were weakly labeled (the dorsomedial cell column and the central zones of the medial accessory and principal olives). The strongly immunoreactive areas contained the largest and most intensively labeled axon terminals. Areas of weak labeling were filled with small, weakly immunoreactive nerve terminals. Thus, variations in size and in intensity of labeling create a specific pattern of @entity2 innervation, revealed by an almost continuous gradient between the above-mentioned extremes. The GAD-positive axon terminals established conventional synapses with dendrites (94% of the samples) or with cell bodies (6%). The vast majority of these synapses were type II (84%) and only a small proportion formed type I synaptic contacts (16%), regardless of the nature of the postsynaptic element. Immunoreactive terminals were also involved in the complex synaptic arrangements--the glomeruli, which characterize the olivary neuropil. Within these formations, olivary neurons were electrotonically coupled through @entity3 . There was a constant association between GAD-positive axon terminals and small dendritic appendages linked by gap junctions. This association was revealed not only by the systematic presence of immunolabeled terminals directly apposed to the dendritic appendages but, more importantly, by the frequent presence of type II synapses straddling both elements. These synapses were in close proximity to the low-resistance pathways represented by the gap junctions. The strategic location of these @entity2 synapses is discussed in relation to recent findings indicating the possibility of a synaptic modulation of the electrical coupling: the release of @entity2 , by increasing nonjunctional membrane conductance, could shunt the coupling between olivary neurons. The functional decoupling of selected gap junctions would be responsible for the spatial organization of the olivary electrotonic coupling.

title: Localization of @entity1 -decarboxylase-immunoreactive axon terminals in the inferior olive of the XXXX , with special emphasis on anatomical relations between GABAergic synapses and @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Between 1970 and 1985, 145 @entity0 were treated for @entity4 and 126 @entity0 were available for analysis. Sixty @entity0 were treated with surgery alone (Group I), 54 were treated with surgery and radiation therapy (Group II), and 12 received irradiation only without tissue diagnosis (Group III). Extent of @entity1 was evaluated by CT scan, @entity3 , and surgical reports. There were 22 microadenomas in Group I and only 1 microadenoma in Group II. The mean follow-up was 6.4 years, 85% (51/60) of @entity0 in Group I, 93% of @entity0 in Group II, and only 50% of those treated with irradiation alone achieved @entity1 control. With subsequent salvage treatment, @entity1 control in Group I was 97%. The mean time to recurrence was 3.7 years (Group I), 4.5 years (Group II), and 4 years (Group III). In summary, combined treatment is effective to decrease the chance of local recurrence of @entity4 . Nevertheless, because of successful salvage treatment after surgical failure, overall outcome is similar. Without persistent symptom after surgery or large @entity2 in or near the critical structures, postoperative irradiation can be deferred until @entity1 regrowth.

title: Radiotherapy in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of @entity4 during postmenopausal replacement therapy with @entity6 , using an appropriate control group. DESIGN: A total of 485 postmenopausal @entity0 were included in this open, prospective, comparative study for a duration of 36 months. Of this group, 249 @entity0 received 2.5 mg/day of @entity6 and 244 @entity0 served as controls, receiving continuous-combined @entity2 -progestogen therapy ( @entity1 ). Transvaginal ultrasound, hysteroscopy, and directed biopsies were performed before treatment was initiated and at the end of the study. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-one of the @entity0 receiving @entity6 and 203 receiving continuous-combined @entity1 completed the study. @entity4 were detected in 74 @entity0 (33.4%) from the @entity6 group and in 22 @entity0 (10.8%) from the @entity1 group (P < 0.01). The @entity5 rate did not differ between the groups. The frequency of @entity3 was significantly higher in the @entity6 group (P < 0.01). No difference was found in the size of the @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 increases by threefold the risk for @entity4 .

title: @entity6 and risk of XXXX : a prospective, comparative study with hormone therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of @entity4 during postmenopausal replacement therapy with @entity6 , using an appropriate control group. DESIGN: A total of 485 postmenopausal @entity0 were included in this open, prospective, comparative study for a duration of 36 months. Of this group, 249 @entity0 received 2.5 mg/day of @entity6 and 244 @entity0 served as controls, receiving continuous-combined @entity2 -progestogen therapy ( @entity1 ). Transvaginal ultrasound, hysteroscopy, and directed biopsies were performed before treatment was initiated and at the end of the study. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-one of the @entity0 receiving @entity6 and 203 receiving continuous-combined @entity1 completed the study. @entity4 were detected in 74 @entity0 (33.4%) from the @entity6 group and in 22 @entity0 (10.8%) from the @entity1 group (P < 0.01). The @entity5 rate did not differ between the groups. The frequency of @entity3 was significantly higher in the @entity6 group (P < 0.01). No difference was found in the size of the @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 increases by threefold the risk for @entity4 .

title: XXXX and risk of @entity4 : a prospective, comparative study with hormone therapy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Islet-produced tissue factor (TF) triggers an adverse clotting reaction, the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR), providing a likely explanation for the need of tissue from multiple donors in clinical islet transplantation. In this study, the authors investigated whether compounds previously shown to affect TF and @entity3 expression in monocytes and endothelial cells have the same effect in @entity0 islet cells. METHODS: Islets were cultured in the presence of @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity5 , or @entity4 for 48 hr, after which the TF content and @entity3 expression were assessed. The effect of @entity4 on IBMIR was evaluated by exposing the treated islets to fresh @entity0 ABO-compatible blood in an in vitro loop model. RESULTS: @entity4 was the only compound that significantly reduced both TF and @entity3 . This reduction was dose-dependent. The level of @entity3 was strongly correlated with TF expression (r2=0.98). In addition, the level of TF was also correlated with the ability of the islets to initiate IBMIR (r2=0.94). CONCLUSIONS: TF and @entity3 expression in @entity0 islets can be decreased by adding @entity4 to the culture medium. These observations indicate that the adverse effects of IBMIR in clinical islet transplantation could be reduced without endangering the recipient using antithrombotic drugs.

title: XXXX inhibits tissue factor expression in isolated @entity0 pancreatic islets: implications for clinical islet transplantation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Islet-produced tissue factor (TF) triggers an adverse clotting reaction, the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR), providing a likely explanation for the need of tissue from multiple donors in clinical islet transplantation. In this study, the authors investigated whether compounds previously shown to affect TF and @entity3 expression in monocytes and endothelial cells have the same effect in @entity0 islet cells. METHODS: Islets were cultured in the presence of @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity5 , or @entity4 for 48 hr, after which the TF content and @entity3 expression were assessed. The effect of @entity4 on IBMIR was evaluated by exposing the treated islets to fresh @entity0 ABO-compatible blood in an in vitro loop model. RESULTS: @entity4 was the only compound that significantly reduced both TF and @entity3 . This reduction was dose-dependent. The level of @entity3 was strongly correlated with TF expression (r2=0.98). In addition, the level of TF was also correlated with the ability of the islets to initiate IBMIR (r2=0.94). CONCLUSIONS: TF and @entity3 expression in @entity0 islets can be decreased by adding @entity4 to the culture medium. These observations indicate that the adverse effects of IBMIR in clinical islet transplantation could be reduced without endangering the recipient using antithrombotic drugs.

title: @entity4 inhibits tissue factor expression in isolated XXXX pancreatic islets: implications for clinical islet transplantation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immature dendritic cells (DCs) have the tolerogenic potential to induce alloantigen-specific immune tolerance. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin (CTLA4Ig) gene-modified immature DCs have been shown to maintain their tolerogenicity and prolong allograft survival to some extent. We investigated whether blockade of @entity2 pathway by anti- @entity1 (L) monoclonal antibody (mAb) could enhance the immune tolerance induction by immature DCs genetically modified to express CTLA4Ig (DC-CTLA4Ig). METHODS: The tolerogenic properties of DC-CTLA4Ig were analyzed. In the vascularized heterotopic heart transplantation @entity0 model, 2 x 10(6) DC-CTLA4Ig were infused intravenously into recipients, with or without a concomitant administration of anti- @entity2 L mAb 7 days before transplantation. Host responses to donor alloantigen were quantified by mixed leukocyte reaction and CTL assays. Donor major histocompatibility complex class II (Iab) expression in recipient lymph nodes was detected posttransplantation by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The allostimulatory activity of DC-CTLA4Ig was reduced. DC-CTLA4Ig also induced alloantigen-specific T-cell hyporesponsiveness and polarized T helper 2 cytokine production. Pretreatment of the recipients with DC-CTLA4Ig modestly prolonged allograft survival, without long-term allograft acceptance. Combined administration of DC-CTLA4Ig and anti- @entity1 mAb significantly prolonged cardiac allograft survival, with long-term (>100 days) survival of 50% of the allografts in the pretreated recipients. More potent donor-specific inhibition of immune response against alloantigens and increased microchimerism were observed in these recipients. CONCLUSIONS: Blockade of @entity2 pathway with anti- @entity1 mAb potentiates the tolerogenic potential of DC-CTLA4Ig and enhances the induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance more effectively.

title: Blockade of XXXX pathway enhances the induction of immune tolerance by immature dendritic cells genetically modified to express cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We describe pubertal development and growth in 17 @entity0 who underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT), including @entity1 ( @entity1 ) for @entity2 . Seven @entity0 also received cranial irradiation (CI) and five @entity0 testicular irradiation. All underwent transplantation before (n=15) or at the beginning of (n=2) puberty and reached a final height (FH). Puberty started spontaneously in all @entity0 not given testicular irradiation. All @entity0 who received testicular irradiation developed @entity6 . Puberty started spontaneously in two @entity0 and was induced with increasing doses of @entity4 in two @entity0 . In two @entity0 , a low dose of @entity4 was given until menarche. In one @entity0 with early onset of puberty and short stature, puberty was blocked with a @entity3 analogue. The standard deviation score for height decreased significantly from BMT to FH, both in the @entity0 who received @entity1 only (-1.1, P=0.005) as well as in those given additional CI (-1.7, P=0.027). Most of the loss occurred during puberty. In all, 10 @entity0 received @entity5 ( @entity5 ) treatment. CI, young age at BMT, and short duration of @entity5 treatment were predictors of height loss after BMT. Although limited by the small and heterogeneous sample, our study supports the use of early @entity5 treatment in @entity0 with decelerating growth rate and low @entity5 levels.

title: Pubertal development and final height after autologous bone marrow transplantation for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Cell lines from @entity2 were established with a success rate of 43% from different metastatic sites of treated and untreated @entity0 . All 6 @entity2 cell lines grew as floating cell aggregates without substrate adherence. The degree of aggregation ranged from very tight spheroids to very loose sheets and chains. This gross morphological property showed a striking correlation to the PDT, with short PDTs in loose growing cell lines and long PDTs in tight growing cell lines. Cell size and nuclear features, i.e., chromatin pattern and nucleolar prominence, also seemed to correlate with the PDT and gross morphology. All @entity2 cell lines had dense core granules by electron microscopical examination. Several different serum-free and serum-supplemented growth media were tested for their feasibility in establishing and permanently growing @entity2 . Serum-free SIT medium and SIT2.5 medium provided the best results in liquid culture. For semisolid @entity2 cultivation, R 10 medium was superior to all other media tested. These cell lines are currently under intensive biochemical, molecular biological, and cytogenetical investigation in different laboratories and thus provide a tool for studying the biology of @entity1 .

title: Establishment, growth properties, and morphological characteristics of permanent XXXX small cell lung cancer cell lines.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To study changes of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in @entity0 with primary @entity2 during a course of combined chemoradiation. @entity0 AND METHODS: Diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging at 1.5 T was performed in @entity0 (n = 8) with primary @entity2 ( @entity3 ) undergoing preoperative chemoradiation. Mean @entity1 ADC values and ADC histograms were determined and compared weekly during the course of therapy. Surgical resection of the @entity1 enabled a correlation of ADC values with the pathologic classification. RESULTS: In four @entity0 @entity1 T-downstaging (ypT0-2) was observed, and in four @entity0 no downstaging (ypT3) was seen. In all @entity0 , ADC values were higher before onset of chemoradiation therapy compared to the end of chemoradiation. Separating the @entity0 into two groups, a significant increase in ADC value during week 1 of therapy, followed by a steady decrease, was found for the therapy-responder group. In the nonresponder group, no initial increase of ADC values was observed. After the 1st week of therapy, ADC values were significantly lower in the nonresponder group during the remaining duration of therapy. CONCLUSION: With these preliminary results it could be shown that MR diffusion imaging is able to detect individual changes of @entity1 ADC values during the course of combined chemoradiation reflecting biological changes within the @entity1 tissue. Further studies will be necessary to prove the possible value of totally noninvasive ADC imaging on predicting therapy outcome.

title: Preliminary results on the influence of chemoradiation on apparent diffusion coefficients of primary XXXX measured by magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The metabolism of albumin and @entity4 was studied in 24 long-term @entity3 (insulin-dependent) @entity0 , using a double tracer technique. The @entity0 were divided into three groups according to their urinary albumin excretion. Group 1 had normal albumin excretion (less than 30 mg/24 h), group 2 had persistent microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/24 h), and group 3 had clinical @entity2 (greater than 300 mg/24 h). Eight normal @entity0 served as control subjects. Except for slightly lower distribution fractions of both proteins (intravascular mass/total mass), group 1 did not differ from normal subjects. In groups 2 and 3 the relative catabolism of albumin was increased, as denoted by an increase in the fractional catabolic rate. Albumin synthesis was unaltered, resulting in lower plasma concentrations and lower intravascular and total body masses of albumin. Oppositely, @entity4 synthesis was augmented, leading to an increase in plasma @entity4 concentration and total @entity4 body mass, in spite of increased catabolism. The fractional catabolic rates were unaltered. The study demonstrates that long-term @entity1 @entity0 with normal urinary albumin excretion have normal albumin and @entity4 metabolism, but that grave alterations in plasma protein metabolism are present in @entity0 with only slightly increased urinary albumin excretion.

title: Metabolism of albumin and XXXX in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Myocardial extraction of free @entity11 (FFA), together with @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity12 , @entity4 and @entity1 was determined by simultaneous sampling of blood from an artery (a) and the coronary sinus (cs) at rest and during @entity5 induced by atrial pacing in seven fasting male @entity0 with @entity2 . Results were compared to those, at rest and during pacing at heart rate 140 beats @entity9 , in ten healthy @entity0 of similar age. A continuous i.v. infusion of 14C oleate and 3H palmitate enabled the calculation of simultaneous myocardial uptake and release of FFA as well as of the fraction of extracted FFA which underwent direct oxidation. During @entity5 lactate net extraction decreased to become, in some @entity0 , negative. FFA extraction, as estimated from the fractional extraction of labelled @entity6 was likewise decreased, while the a-cs O2 difference was not significantly altered. The fractional oxidation of extracted FFA was increased, whereas the calculated @entity6 release from the heart was unaltered. The increase in fractional oxidation was quantitatively correlated with the decrease in lactate extraction suggesting that it was related to the degree or extent of ischaemia. It was also proportional to the decrease in FFA extraction. Thus, in @entity0 with @entity8 the @entity10 may be subjected to a limitation not only with regard to @entity1 but also substrate flux into the myocardial cells.

title: Myocardial turnover of plasma free XXXX during @entity8 induced by atrial pacing.

answer: @entity11