abstract: Myocardial extraction of free @entity11 (FFA), together with @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity12 , @entity4 and @entity1 was determined by simultaneous sampling of blood from an artery (a) and the coronary sinus (cs) at rest and during @entity5 induced by atrial pacing in seven fasting male @entity0 with @entity2 . Results were compared to those, at rest and during pacing at heart rate 140 beats @entity9 , in ten healthy @entity0 of similar age. A continuous i.v. infusion of 14C oleate and 3H palmitate enabled the calculation of simultaneous myocardial uptake and release of FFA as well as of the fraction of extracted FFA which underwent direct oxidation. During @entity5 lactate net extraction decreased to become, in some @entity0 , negative. FFA extraction, as estimated from the fractional extraction of labelled @entity6 was likewise decreased, while the a-cs O2 difference was not significantly altered. The fractional oxidation of extracted FFA was increased, whereas the calculated @entity6 release from the heart was unaltered. The increase in fractional oxidation was quantitatively correlated with the decrease in lactate extraction suggesting that it was related to the degree or extent of ischaemia. It was also proportional to the decrease in FFA extraction. Thus, in @entity0 with @entity8 the @entity10 may be subjected to a limitation not only with regard to @entity1 but also substrate flux into the myocardial cells.

title: Myocardial turnover of plasma free @entity11 during XXXX induced by atrial pacing.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The effect of 24 weeks of treatment with @entity6 , a new HMG coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (dosages of 20 and 40 mg day-1) on serum lipid, lipoprotein and @entity5 and B concentrations as well as safety parameters and subjective side effects were studied in 11 @entity0 with familial ( @entity3 ) and 10 @entity0 with polygenic hypercholesterolaemia (P-HC). The effects on plasma lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations had already been achieved after four weeks in both groups and then remained during the study. In @entity3 , mean fasting plasma total @entity1 concentration decreased from 10.51 to 6.71 mmol l-1 (36%), and in P-HC from 6.55 to 4.54 mmol l-1 (31%) at 24 weeks (P less than 0.001). Mean plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity1 concentrations also decreased, in @entity3 from 8.87 to 5.05 mmol l-1 (43%) and in P-HC from 4.97 to 3.12 mmol l-1 (37%) at 24 weeks (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, @entity4 concentrations decreased significantly from 2.21 to 1.57 g l-1 (29%) (less than 0.001) in @entity3 and from 1.53 to 1.09 g l-1 (29%) (P less than 0.01) in P-HC. Plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity1 increased in both @entity3 and P-HC during treatment. Increases were seen in both the subfractions @entity7 and @entity8 . @entity6 was well tolerated. No serious clinical or laboratory adverse effects were observed. It is concluded that 24 weeks of treatment with @entity6 in doses up to 40 mg day-1 effectively reduces plasma total and LDL @entity1 concentrations without causing subjective or significant objective side effects. Thus, @entity6 may be of great interest in future studies for prevention of @entity2 due to hypercholesterolaemia.

title: Effects of XXXX on plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations in hypercholesterolaemia.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of stent-grafts has proved to be safe and effective treatment for complicated @entity3 but usually requires surgical cutdown to accommodate large-profile devices. Preliminary results of the use of a low-profile design that allows percutaneous access are presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity0 with @entity3 were treated with use of a low-profile stent-graft. Dissection types included Stanford type A (n = 6) and type B (n = 9). The procedures were performed with use of Perclose devices to achieve hemostasis. The stent-graft device was composed of Gianturco stents connected with longitudinal wire struts covered with radially expanded @entity2 . The delivery sheath sizes were 14-20 F. RESULTS: In 87% of @entity0 (13 of 15), the entry tear was excluded completely. Successful femoral closures were achieved in 93% of @entity0 (14 of 15) with use of the suture-mediated devices. In 7% of @entity0 (one of 15), surgical closure of the femoral arteries was required. The rate of @entity4 occurrence was 7% (one of 15). Hospitalization ranged from 1 to 30 days with a mean duration of 6.5 days. The 30-day mortality rate was 27% (four of 15). In the remaining 11 @entity0 , entry tear sites were excluded and, on follow-up CT examinations, there was @entity1 and retraction of the false lumen and enlargement of the true lumen. CONCLUSION: Preliminary results of the use of a low-profile stent-graft device to treat @entity3 show that, in most @entity0 , it can be used with a suture-mediated device without surgical exposure of the common femoral artery.

title: Percutaneous placement of a low-profile stent-graft device for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity8 (t-AML) are now well established as complications of cytotoxic chemotherapy. We experienced a 28-yr-old female @entity0 who developed @entity6 with characteristic @entity5 including 11q23 chromosomal rearrangement following high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for @entity4 . The @entity0 was admitted with bulky abdominal masses of B cell lineage @entity4 . After 2 cycles of systemic chemotherapy of the Vanderbilt regimen, the @entity0 underwent ASCT with high dose chemotherapy of the BEAC regimen. She also received radiation of 48 Gy for the residual periportal lymphadenopathy. The initial cytogenetic analysis of the infused mononuclear cells revealed a normal karyotype. Twenty two months after the ASCT, @entity7 was noted and her bone marrow aspirate showed @entity9 with myeloblasts up to 12% of nonerythroid nucleated cells. The @entity0 was diagnosed as @entity6 ( @entity2 with an @entity10 ). Cytogenetic analysis showed complex @entity5 including 11q23 rearrangement, which is frequently found in topoisomerase II inhibitor-related @entity3 . Four months later, it was noted that the @entity6 had evolved into an overt t-AML. Cytogenetic analysis showed an evolving pattern with more @entity1 . The @entity0 was treated with combination chemotherapy, but her leukemic cells were resistant to the therapy.

title: A case of treatment-related XXXX and @entity8 following high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation for @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity8 (t-AML) are now well established as complications of cytotoxic chemotherapy. We experienced a 28-yr-old female @entity0 who developed @entity6 with characteristic @entity5 including 11q23 chromosomal rearrangement following high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for @entity4 . The @entity0 was admitted with bulky abdominal masses of B cell lineage @entity4 . After 2 cycles of systemic chemotherapy of the Vanderbilt regimen, the @entity0 underwent ASCT with high dose chemotherapy of the BEAC regimen. She also received radiation of 48 Gy for the residual periportal lymphadenopathy. The initial cytogenetic analysis of the infused mononuclear cells revealed a normal karyotype. Twenty two months after the ASCT, @entity7 was noted and her bone marrow aspirate showed @entity9 with myeloblasts up to 12% of nonerythroid nucleated cells. The @entity0 was diagnosed as @entity6 ( @entity2 with an @entity10 ). Cytogenetic analysis showed complex @entity5 including 11q23 rearrangement, which is frequently found in topoisomerase II inhibitor-related @entity3 . Four months later, it was noted that the @entity6 had evolved into an overt t-AML. Cytogenetic analysis showed an evolving pattern with more @entity1 . The @entity0 was treated with combination chemotherapy, but her leukemic cells were resistant to the therapy.

title: A case of treatment-related @entity6 and XXXX following high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation for @entity4 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity8 (t-AML) are now well established as complications of cytotoxic chemotherapy. We experienced a 28-yr-old female @entity0 who developed @entity6 with characteristic @entity5 including 11q23 chromosomal rearrangement following high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for @entity4 . The @entity0 was admitted with bulky abdominal masses of B cell lineage @entity4 . After 2 cycles of systemic chemotherapy of the Vanderbilt regimen, the @entity0 underwent ASCT with high dose chemotherapy of the BEAC regimen. She also received radiation of 48 Gy for the residual periportal lymphadenopathy. The initial cytogenetic analysis of the infused mononuclear cells revealed a normal karyotype. Twenty two months after the ASCT, @entity7 was noted and her bone marrow aspirate showed @entity9 with myeloblasts up to 12% of nonerythroid nucleated cells. The @entity0 was diagnosed as @entity6 ( @entity2 with an @entity10 ). Cytogenetic analysis showed complex @entity5 including 11q23 rearrangement, which is frequently found in topoisomerase II inhibitor-related @entity3 . Four months later, it was noted that the @entity6 had evolved into an overt t-AML. Cytogenetic analysis showed an evolving pattern with more @entity1 . The @entity0 was treated with combination chemotherapy, but her leukemic cells were resistant to the therapy.

title: A case of treatment-related @entity6 and @entity8 following high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate @entity2 incidence density for different exposure categories among @entity0 undergoing repeat testing in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: @entity0 using voluntary, diagnostic @entity2 testing at least twice were identified by computerized and manual record linkage. In the 1992-2000 period, 980 seroconverters and 340 994 repeat negative testers contributed 936 145 @entity0 years (PY) of observation. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was calculated according to Kitayaporn et al. Poisson regression was used to evaluate differences in incidence. RESULTS: Among @entity0 who have sex with @entity0 (MSM), @entity3 declined between 1992-1996, from 1.23 per 100 PY in 1992 to 0.79 per 100 PY in 1996 [relative risk (RR), 0.86 per year; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77-0.96]. Subsequently, @entity3 increased to 1.39 per 100 PY in 1999 (RR, 1.18 per year; 95% CI, 1.05-1.34). In 2000, @entity3 was 1.16 per 100 PY but this decrease was not statistically significantly different from 1999. MSM in their twenties had the highest @entity3 in 1992-1996, but in 1996-2000 MSM in their thirties had the highest risk of @entity1 . Among injecting drug users (IDU), @entity3 decreased from 0.64 per 100 PY in 1992 to 0.14 per 100 PY in 2000 (RR, 0.87 per year; 95% CI, 0.80-0.94). Among heterosexuals, annual incidence remained constant at about 0.03 per 100 PY in 1992-2000. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in @entity3 were identified among MSM from 1996 to 1999. These findings are consistent with other research. Continued vigilance and improved surveillance are needed to better understand and control the epidemic.

title: Increases in XXXX incidence among @entity0 who have sex with @entity0 undergoing repeat diagnostic @entity2 testing in Ontario, Canada.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate @entity2 incidence density for different exposure categories among @entity0 undergoing repeat testing in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: @entity0 using voluntary, diagnostic @entity2 testing at least twice were identified by computerized and manual record linkage. In the 1992-2000 period, 980 seroconverters and 340 994 repeat negative testers contributed 936 145 @entity0 years (PY) of observation. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was calculated according to Kitayaporn et al. Poisson regression was used to evaluate differences in incidence. RESULTS: Among @entity0 who have sex with @entity0 (MSM), @entity3 declined between 1992-1996, from 1.23 per 100 PY in 1992 to 0.79 per 100 PY in 1996 [relative risk (RR), 0.86 per year; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77-0.96]. Subsequently, @entity3 increased to 1.39 per 100 PY in 1999 (RR, 1.18 per year; 95% CI, 1.05-1.34). In 2000, @entity3 was 1.16 per 100 PY but this decrease was not statistically significantly different from 1999. MSM in their twenties had the highest @entity3 in 1992-1996, but in 1996-2000 MSM in their thirties had the highest risk of @entity1 . Among injecting drug users (IDU), @entity3 decreased from 0.64 per 100 PY in 1992 to 0.14 per 100 PY in 2000 (RR, 0.87 per year; 95% CI, 0.80-0.94). Among heterosexuals, annual incidence remained constant at about 0.03 per 100 PY in 1992-2000. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in @entity3 were identified among MSM from 1996 to 1999. These findings are consistent with other research. Continued vigilance and improved surveillance are needed to better understand and control the epidemic.

title: Increases in @entity2 incidence among @entity0 who have sex with @entity0 undergoing repeat diagnostic XXXX testing in Ontario, Canada.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate @entity2 incidence density for different exposure categories among @entity0 undergoing repeat testing in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: @entity0 using voluntary, diagnostic @entity2 testing at least twice were identified by computerized and manual record linkage. In the 1992-2000 period, 980 seroconverters and 340 994 repeat negative testers contributed 936 145 @entity0 years (PY) of observation. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was calculated according to Kitayaporn et al. Poisson regression was used to evaluate differences in incidence. RESULTS: Among @entity0 who have sex with @entity0 (MSM), @entity3 declined between 1992-1996, from 1.23 per 100 PY in 1992 to 0.79 per 100 PY in 1996 [relative risk (RR), 0.86 per year; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77-0.96]. Subsequently, @entity3 increased to 1.39 per 100 PY in 1999 (RR, 1.18 per year; 95% CI, 1.05-1.34). In 2000, @entity3 was 1.16 per 100 PY but this decrease was not statistically significantly different from 1999. MSM in their twenties had the highest @entity3 in 1992-1996, but in 1996-2000 MSM in their thirties had the highest risk of @entity1 . Among injecting drug users (IDU), @entity3 decreased from 0.64 per 100 PY in 1992 to 0.14 per 100 PY in 2000 (RR, 0.87 per year; 95% CI, 0.80-0.94). Among heterosexuals, annual incidence remained constant at about 0.03 per 100 PY in 1992-2000. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in @entity3 were identified among MSM from 1996 to 1999. These findings are consistent with other research. Continued vigilance and improved surveillance are needed to better understand and control the epidemic.

title: Increases in @entity2 incidence among XXXX who have sex with @entity0 undergoing repeat diagnostic @entity2 testing in Ontario, Canada.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate @entity2 incidence density for different exposure categories among @entity0 undergoing repeat testing in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: @entity0 using voluntary, diagnostic @entity2 testing at least twice were identified by computerized and manual record linkage. In the 1992-2000 period, 980 seroconverters and 340 994 repeat negative testers contributed 936 145 @entity0 years (PY) of observation. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was calculated according to Kitayaporn et al. Poisson regression was used to evaluate differences in incidence. RESULTS: Among @entity0 who have sex with @entity0 (MSM), @entity3 declined between 1992-1996, from 1.23 per 100 PY in 1992 to 0.79 per 100 PY in 1996 [relative risk (RR), 0.86 per year; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77-0.96]. Subsequently, @entity3 increased to 1.39 per 100 PY in 1999 (RR, 1.18 per year; 95% CI, 1.05-1.34). In 2000, @entity3 was 1.16 per 100 PY but this decrease was not statistically significantly different from 1999. MSM in their twenties had the highest @entity3 in 1992-1996, but in 1996-2000 MSM in their thirties had the highest risk of @entity1 . Among injecting drug users (IDU), @entity3 decreased from 0.64 per 100 PY in 1992 to 0.14 per 100 PY in 2000 (RR, 0.87 per year; 95% CI, 0.80-0.94). Among heterosexuals, annual incidence remained constant at about 0.03 per 100 PY in 1992-2000. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in @entity3 were identified among MSM from 1996 to 1999. These findings are consistent with other research. Continued vigilance and improved surveillance are needed to better understand and control the epidemic.

title: Increases in @entity2 incidence among @entity0 who have sex with XXXX undergoing repeat diagnostic @entity2 testing in Ontario, Canada.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Considerable information has recently emerged regarding certain "groups" of novel viruses associated with @entity1 in @entity0 . The viruses reviewed here are 20-35 nm in diameter and can be detected in the stools of acutely ill individuals with @entity1 . These viruses can be conveniently divided into four "groups": Norwalk-like agents, caliciviruses, astroviruses, and other small round viruses. The evidence for the etiologic association of these agents with @entity1 varies from agent to agent but is most extensive for the Norwalk-like agents, of which the Norwalk serotype is a major cause of @entity1 . @entity0 caliciviruses appear to be relatively common causes of @entity1 in @entity0 , particularly in Japan and the United Kingdom. Astroviruses have been reported as occasional causes of @entity1 in @entity0 and adults in various parts of the world. The epidemiological significance of the other small round viruses is unknown. Because of the difficulty of cultivating these agents in vitro, biochemical and antigenic characterization of these agents is incomplete. An understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and of the roles of immune responses to infection is similarly at a primitive stage. The recent development of sensitive and efficient assays for detection of several of these agents and the reports that certain strains of @entity0 caliciviruses and astroviruses can be cultivated in vitro should facilitate characterization and epidemiological studies of these agents. Systematic, prospective epidemiological studies of these agents in well-defined populations of various age groups are sorely needed for definition of the relative importance of each agent in @entity0 disease. Such information is essential for the consideration of appropriate control measures.

title: Novel agents of viral enteritis in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a @entity0 who developed a widespread @entity6 following the use of two Chinese herbal medications, Fang Feng Tong Sheng Wan and Bi Yan Pian. CASE SUMMARY: A 34-year-old @entity0 developed widespread erythematous papules that coalesced into plaques after five days of therapy with two Chinese herbal preparations. There was no lymphadenopathy or @entity7 , and the @entity0 denied any @entity5 , @entity9 . The skin biopsy was compatible with a @entity4 . When the @entity0 's oral medications, including the herbal medications, were discontinued, the @entity6 resolved over the next few weeks. All of the regular long term medications were restarted without any sequalae. DISCUSSION: This case, once again, emphasizes that, although herbal medications are marketed as natural products, these products can be associated with adverse drug effects. Other adverse effects that have been implicated with the use of Chinese herbal medications include @entity1 , @entity3 , liver @entity2 and severe @entity8 . In addition, there are several cases of adulteration of Chinese herbal products with synthetic medications. CONCLUSION: Although rare, Chinese herbal medications can be associated with serious adverse effects. Clinicians should question @entity0 about the use of herbal products whenever an adverse drug effect is suspected.

title: XXXX following the use of two Chinese herbal preparations: a case report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the imaging findings observed in @entity0 with an unusual pattern of abnormality of the femoral head, most likely representing @entity5 . DESIGN AND @entity0 : The imaging findings in 11 @entity0 (10 @entity0 , 1 @entity0 ; age range 32-55 years) with a distinct lesion of the femoral head were reviewed with particular attention to the morphologic appearance, location, and extent of the lesion(s) in the proximal femur. RESULTS: The 16 lesions identified in these @entity0 extended to the subchondral area. @entity4 was not evident in any hip. Radiography and CT showed areas of mixed @entity3 and @entity6 surrounded by sclerotic margins. On MR imaging, the signal intensity characteristics of the @entity2 (s) were most commonly similar to those of fluid. Histopathologic findings, available in two hips, were typical of @entity5 . There was evidence of correlation of the site of the lesion with the known general distribution and anastomoses of arteries supplying the femoral head. CONCLUSION: A distinct, focal lesion of the femoral head is believed to represent an atypical form of @entity1 . Its restriction to a small portion of the femoral head may relate to localized vascular anatomy. Recognition of the quite characteristic imaging findings can prevent misdiagnosis and may have implications for the prediction of the natural course of the disease.

title: Distinct focal lesions of the femoral head: imaging features suggesting an atypical and minimal form of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: After resection, @entity3 are associated with a recurrence rate that is typically 25-50%. Although this is an unusual problem, we instituted a prospective cohort study with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation, followed by surgical resection, in an effort to improve local control. METHODS: Between 1985 and 1999, 13 @entity0 with potentially resectable disease were managed with a treatment protocol of preoperative @entity2 (30 mg continuous infusion daily for 3 days) and radiotherapy (10 x 300 cGy). Resection was performed 4-6 weeks later. All lesions were resected with an intended margin of 1 cm, but clear adventitial margins were accepted in order to preserve critical structures. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 71 months (range, 22-109). Six @entity0 (46%) presented after failure of a previous surgery. Clear microscopic margins were obtained in 11 @entity0 , and 2 @entity0 had positive margins. There were two local recurrences (15% local recurrence). Both recurrences followed resection of large thigh lesions, which appeared at 30 and 49 months of follow-up. In one @entity0 with a @entity1 , two new primary @entity3 developed outside the treatment area, in the ipsilateral arm and forearm. Eleven @entity0 have been disease free for a median of 71 months (range, 22-109). CONCLUSIONS: For potentially resectable lesions, this protocol provides excellent local control, even in those with recurrent disease. Neoadjuvant treatment with @entity2 and radiotherapy appears to be a better option than surgery alone, or surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. These results need to be confirmed in larger, prospective randomized trials.

title: XXXX : a novel approach for local control.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between plasma concentrations of four commonly administered selective @entity1 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the magnitude of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 inhibition. DESIGN: Prospective analysis. SETTING: University-affiliated research laboratory. @entity0 : Thirty-two healthy, drug-free volunteers. INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomized to four groups and received daily administration of either @entity3 60 mg (as a loading dose), @entity4 100 mg, @entity2 20 mg, or @entity5 100 mg for 8 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The urinary concentration ratio of @entity8 : @entity6 (interpreted as an in vivo index of @entity7 activity) was determined for each subject before and after the 8 days of receiving SSRIs. Plasma SSRI trough concentrations were measured on days 6-9. The @entity7 genotype was determined in a subject with an undetectable @entity2 concentration. Inhibition of @entity7 correlated significantly with plasma concentrations of @entity2 and @entity3 . In contrast, no significant correlations emerged between @entity7 inhibition and plasma concentrations of @entity5 or @entity4 . The subject with an undetectable @entity2 concentration was found to carry at least three functional @entity7 genes. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity2 and @entity3 , plasma concentrations and dosage strongly influence the magnitude of enzyme inhibition. The potential of @entity2 (a @entity7 substrate) as an inhibitor may be affected by the genotypes and metabolic capacities of individual subjects.

title: @entity7 inhibition by selective XXXX reuptake inhibitors: analysis of achievable steady-state plasma concentrations and the effect of ultrarapid metabolism at @entity7 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between plasma concentrations of four commonly administered selective @entity1 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the magnitude of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 inhibition. DESIGN: Prospective analysis. SETTING: University-affiliated research laboratory. @entity0 : Thirty-two healthy, drug-free volunteers. INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomized to four groups and received daily administration of either @entity3 60 mg (as a loading dose), @entity4 100 mg, @entity2 20 mg, or @entity5 100 mg for 8 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The urinary concentration ratio of @entity8 : @entity6 (interpreted as an in vivo index of @entity7 activity) was determined for each subject before and after the 8 days of receiving SSRIs. Plasma SSRI trough concentrations were measured on days 6-9. The @entity7 genotype was determined in a subject with an undetectable @entity2 concentration. Inhibition of @entity7 correlated significantly with plasma concentrations of @entity2 and @entity3 . In contrast, no significant correlations emerged between @entity7 inhibition and plasma concentrations of @entity5 or @entity4 . The subject with an undetectable @entity2 concentration was found to carry at least three functional @entity7 genes. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity2 and @entity3 , plasma concentrations and dosage strongly influence the magnitude of enzyme inhibition. The potential of @entity2 (a @entity7 substrate) as an inhibitor may be affected by the genotypes and metabolic capacities of individual subjects.

title: XXXX inhibition by selective @entity1 reuptake inhibitors: analysis of achievable steady-state plasma concentrations and the effect of ultrarapid metabolism at @entity7 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between plasma concentrations of four commonly administered selective @entity1 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the magnitude of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 inhibition. DESIGN: Prospective analysis. SETTING: University-affiliated research laboratory. @entity0 : Thirty-two healthy, drug-free volunteers. INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomized to four groups and received daily administration of either @entity3 60 mg (as a loading dose), @entity4 100 mg, @entity2 20 mg, or @entity5 100 mg for 8 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The urinary concentration ratio of @entity8 : @entity6 (interpreted as an in vivo index of @entity7 activity) was determined for each subject before and after the 8 days of receiving SSRIs. Plasma SSRI trough concentrations were measured on days 6-9. The @entity7 genotype was determined in a subject with an undetectable @entity2 concentration. Inhibition of @entity7 correlated significantly with plasma concentrations of @entity2 and @entity3 . In contrast, no significant correlations emerged between @entity7 inhibition and plasma concentrations of @entity5 or @entity4 . The subject with an undetectable @entity2 concentration was found to carry at least three functional @entity7 genes. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity2 and @entity3 , plasma concentrations and dosage strongly influence the magnitude of enzyme inhibition. The potential of @entity2 (a @entity7 substrate) as an inhibitor may be affected by the genotypes and metabolic capacities of individual subjects.

title: @entity7 inhibition by selective @entity1 reuptake inhibitors: analysis of achievable steady-state plasma concentrations and the effect of ultrarapid metabolism at XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity5 ) acts as an @entity2 agonist or antagonist depending on the animal model used. In the CD-1 @entity0 uterus, a three-day uterine bioassay of @entity5 produced a bell-shaped dose response curve with a maximal uterine wet weight increase at 200 micrograms/kg; this dose produced only a fractional increase in uterine dry weight. Combination treatment with @entity5 and @entity1 antagonized @entity1 stimulation of both wet and dry weight parameters. The time course of uterine wet weight stimulation following a single injection of @entity5 had an early pattern (0-10 h) similar to that of @entity1 . However, at later times after stimulation, the patterns changed dramatically: the low @entity5 dose (200 micrograms/kg) returned to control levels by 24 h; @entity1 and the high dose @entity5 (1.7 mg/kg) showed sustained stimulation, which peaked at 36 h with @entity5 compared to 24 h for @entity1 . Nuclear @entity2 receptor (ER) levels were measured after a single injection of 1.7 mg/kg @entity5 and showed a bimodal pattern similar to that seen with @entity1 , with increases at 1 h and 8 h, although the overall ER levels were elevated above those seen with @entity1 . Cytosolic ER levels with @entity5 decreased by 1 h and remained low up to 48 h. @entity5 treatment did stimulate uterine DNA and RNA synthesis, with a delayed time course compared to @entity1 . DNA synthesis following a single 1.7 mg/kg dose of @entity5 was 2.5 times higher than that produced by 20 micrograms/kg @entity1 . @entity5 treatment resulted in @entity3 and @entity4 in the luminal epithelium but not in the glandular epithelium. Long-term exposure to @entity1 for 5 wk resulted in development of uterine @entity4 and increased secretory activity; long-term exposure to @entity5 produced a more significant tissue @entity4 but no secretions. These studies show that @entity5 stimulates some of the receptor-mediated responses attributed to an @entity2 agonist in the @entity0 uterus; but, when co-administered with @entity1 , @entity5 antagonizes some aspects of @entity2 action.

title: Response of the @entity0 uterus to XXXX stimulation: agonism and antagonism.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity5 ) acts as an @entity2 agonist or antagonist depending on the animal model used. In the CD-1 @entity0 uterus, a three-day uterine bioassay of @entity5 produced a bell-shaped dose response curve with a maximal uterine wet weight increase at 200 micrograms/kg; this dose produced only a fractional increase in uterine dry weight. Combination treatment with @entity5 and @entity1 antagonized @entity1 stimulation of both wet and dry weight parameters. The time course of uterine wet weight stimulation following a single injection of @entity5 had an early pattern (0-10 h) similar to that of @entity1 . However, at later times after stimulation, the patterns changed dramatically: the low @entity5 dose (200 micrograms/kg) returned to control levels by 24 h; @entity1 and the high dose @entity5 (1.7 mg/kg) showed sustained stimulation, which peaked at 36 h with @entity5 compared to 24 h for @entity1 . Nuclear @entity2 receptor (ER) levels were measured after a single injection of 1.7 mg/kg @entity5 and showed a bimodal pattern similar to that seen with @entity1 , with increases at 1 h and 8 h, although the overall ER levels were elevated above those seen with @entity1 . Cytosolic ER levels with @entity5 decreased by 1 h and remained low up to 48 h. @entity5 treatment did stimulate uterine DNA and RNA synthesis, with a delayed time course compared to @entity1 . DNA synthesis following a single 1.7 mg/kg dose of @entity5 was 2.5 times higher than that produced by 20 micrograms/kg @entity1 . @entity5 treatment resulted in @entity3 and @entity4 in the luminal epithelium but not in the glandular epithelium. Long-term exposure to @entity1 for 5 wk resulted in development of uterine @entity4 and increased secretory activity; long-term exposure to @entity5 produced a more significant tissue @entity4 but no secretions. These studies show that @entity5 stimulates some of the receptor-mediated responses attributed to an @entity2 agonist in the @entity0 uterus; but, when co-administered with @entity1 , @entity5 antagonizes some aspects of @entity2 action.

title: Response of the XXXX uterus to @entity6 stimulation: agonism and antagonism.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The surgical management of @entity1 in the young remains problematic owing to the drawbacks of prosthetic valve replacement at this age. In young foreign @entity0 , for whom long-term anticoagulation therapy is unavailable, we have used a @entity6 preserved autologous pericardium cusp extension technique to repair rheumatic @entity1 resulting from cusp retractions. METHODS: From September 1992 to December 2000, 89 consecutive @entity0 with a mean age of 16 +/- 5 years underwent triple pericardial aortic cusp extension valvuloplasty. Eighty @entity0 had pure @entity1 , 9 had mixed @entity5 . Twenty-nine @entity0 (33%) had isolated @entity4 and 60 @entity0 (69%) had combined aortic and mitral @entity3 with significant @entity3 in 21 (24%). Aortic repair consisted of free edge aortic cusp extension using three rectangular strips of @entity6 stabilized autologous pericardium. Twenty-nine @entity0 (33%) underwent an isolated aortic repair, 39 @entity0 (44%) underwent combined aortic and mitral procedures (34 mitral repairs, 3 mitral homografts, and 2 prosthesis replacements), and 21 @entity0 (23%) underwent a triple valve repair. RESULTS: The hospital mortality was 2.2%. Primary failure of the aortic repair requiring immediate reoperation occurred in 2 @entity0 . During follow-up (mean of 62 +/- 22 months) 1 @entity0 died and 7 underwent redo valvular surgery. At 5 years the actuarial survival rate was 96.4%, and 92.1% of the @entity0 were free from redo valvular surgery. At 7 years 90% of the @entity0 were free from @entity3 . Among the 76 @entity0 free from redo valvular surgery at follow-up, 6 had deterioration of the repair resulting in @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Our midterm results of @entity6 stabilized autologous pericardial aortic cusp extension are encouraging and suggest that this technique should be considered as a viable alternative palliative procedure in a young rheumatic population, allowing for growth of the annulus and delaying to a less critical period the need for the lifelong anticoagulation therapy required for a prosthetic mechanical valve.

title: Aortic cusp extension valvuloplasty for XXXX : midterm results.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare data obtained from a statewide data set for elderly @entity0 (age > 64 years) that presented with @entity2 with data from nonelderly @entity0 (age > 15 and < 65 years) with similar injuries. METHODS: The New York State Trauma Registry from January 1994 through December 1995, from @entity1 centers and community hospitals excluding New York City (45,982 @entity0 ), was examined. Head-injured @entity0 were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis codes. A relative @entity3 severity scale (RHISS) was constructed on the basis of groups of these codes (range, 0 = none to 3 = severe). Comparisons were made with nonelderly @entity0 for mortality, Glasgow @entity4 Scale (GCS) score at admission and discharge, Injury Severity Score, New Injury Severity Score, and RHISS. Outcome was assessed by a Functional Independence Measure score in three major domains: expression, locomotion, and feeding. Data were analyzed by the chi2 test and Mann-Whitney U test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: There were 11,772 @entity0 with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis of @entity3 , of which 3,244 (27%) were elderly. There were more male subjects in the nonelderly population (78% male subjects) compared with the elderly population (50% @entity0 ). Mortality was 24.0% in the elderly population compared with 12.8% in the nonelderly population (risk ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.99-2.43). The elderly nonsurvivors were statistically older, and mortality rate increased with age. Stratified by GCS score, there was a higher percentage of nonsurvivors in the elderly population, even in the group with only moderately depressed GCS score (GCS score of 13-15; risk ratio, 7.8; 95% confidence interval, 6.1-9.9 for elderly vs. nonelderly). Functional outcome in all three domains was significantly worse in the elderly survivors compared with the nonelderly survivors. CONCLUSION: Elderly @entity2 @entity0 have a worse mortality and functional outcome than nonelderly @entity0 who present with @entity3 even though their @entity3 and overall injuries are seemingly less severe.

title: XXXX in the elderly: increased mortality and worse functional outcome at discharge despite lower injury severity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of occult cervical nodal metastases in @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity6 , and to determine the impact of esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection on survival and recurrence rates. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection is commonly practiced in Japan, its role in the surgical management of @entity3 in the United States, especially in @entity0 with @entity4 , is essentially unknown. METHODS: This is a prospective observational study of esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy. Eighty @entity0 underwent resection between August 1994 and April 2001. Clinicopathological information and follow-up data were collected on all @entity0 until @entity2 or June 2001. RESULTS: Hospital mortality and morbidity rates were 5% and 46%, respectively. @entity1 to the recurrent laryngeal and/or deep cervical nodes occurred in 36% of @entity0 irrespective of cell type ( @entity4 37%, squamous 34%) or location within the esophagus (lower third 32%, middle third 60%). Overall 5-year and disease-free survival rates were 51% and 46%, respectively. Sixty-nine percent presented with nodal metastases. The 5-year survival rate for node-negative @entity0 was 88%; that for those with nodal metastases was 33%. The 5-year survival rate in @entity0 with positive cervical nodes was 25% (squamous 40%, @entity4 15%). CONCLUSIONS: Esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection can be performed with a low mortality and reasonable morbidity. Unsuspected metastases to the recurrent laryngeal and/or cervical nodes are present in 36% of @entity0 regardless of cell type or location within the esophagus. Thirty percent of @entity0 were upstaged, mainly from stage III to stage IV. An overall 5-year survival rate of 51% suggests a true survival benefit beyond that achieved solely on the basis of stage migration.

title: Three-field lymph node dissection for squamous cell and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Phase II studies of biochemotherapy in metastatic @entity2 @entity0 have reported response rates of 47-63%. Even though these were highly selected @entity0 , we were intrigued by these promising response rates and began using this regimen as standard care in advanced @entity2 @entity0 . We report the results of the first 65 @entity0 with AJCC stage IV @entity2 (n = 57) or unresectable stage III (n = 8) @entity2 treated with concurrent biochemotherapy at Memorial Hospital. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks and @entity0 were assessed for antitumour effects after every other cycle. The overall response rate among the 63 @entity0 evaluable for response was 29% (three complete responses, 15 partial responses). The median duration of responses was 3.7 months. The response rate among previously treated and previously untreated @entity0 was 6% and 38%, respectively. The estimated median survival for all @entity0 was 8.5 months; the median survival for previously untreated @entity0 was 9.2 months. @entity1 response did not correlate with survival. Our experience, which is a retrospective evaluation, does not provide support for the routine use of biochemotherapy as standard treatment. The low response rate among previously treated @entity0 indicates that biochemotherapy is not useful as second-line therapy.

title: Clinical results using biochemotherapy as a standard of care in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The treatment of hemodialysis access-induced @entity3 is challenging. Despite promising early results with the distal revascularization-interval ligation (DRIL) procedure, the operation has not been widely adopted because of concerns about its complexity and long-term efficacy. The purpose of this report was to determine the efficacy and durability of the DRIL procedure in relieving hand @entity3 and in maintaining access patency in the setting of hemodialysis access-induced @entity3 . METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of all @entity0 who underwent the DRIL procedure for access-induced @entity3 . Demographic information was compiled, as were data regarding access and bypass patency, limb salvage, and @entity0 survival. Arteriovenous access and brachial artery bypass patency rates were determined with life-table methods. RESULTS: Between 1995 and 2001, we performed 55 DRIL procedures in 52 @entity0 (35 @entity0 and 17 @entity0 ; mean age, 60.8 years; range, 30 to 86 years). The indications for surgery were @entity4 in 27 @entity0 , tissue loss in 20 @entity0 , @entity2 in four @entity0 , and @entity4 on hemodialysis in one @entity0 . Most @entity0 (92%) had @entity1 . The mean interval from access placement to DRIL was 7.4 months (range, 1 to 84 months). The mean follow-up interval was 16 months (range, 1 to 67 months). The brachial artery bypass primary patency rate was 80% at 4 years, and the arteriovenous access primary patency rate was 83% at 1 year. Forty-seven of 52 @entity0 (90%) had substantial or complete relief of @entity3 , and 15 of 20 @entity0 with @entity5 have healed completely. CONCLUSION: DRIL is a durable and effective procedure that reliably accomplishes the twin goals in the treatment of angioaccess-induced @entity3 : persistent relief of hand @entity3 and continued access patency.

title: Distal revascularization-interval ligation: a durable and effective treatment for XXXX after hemodialysis access.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Results show that @entity3 induced marked alterations in plasma levels of @entity1 and lipids in response to acute and chronic administrations in @entity0 . Two hours after an I.P. dose of 10 mg/kg, @entity3 caused significant reductions in plasma levels of total high density lipoprotein (HDL) and high density lipoprotein @entity1 (HDL @entity1 ). At a dose of 20 mg/kg, @entity3 induced significant elevations in plasma levels of total @entity1 , total HDL, HDL @entity1 , total low density lipoproteins (LDL), and low density lipoprotein @entity1 (LDL @entity1 ). Injected at a dose of 4 or 10 mg/kg daily for 14 consecutive days, @entity3 caused significant increases in plasma levels of total @entity1 , LDL @entity1 and total LDL whereas the levels of HDL @entity1 , total HDL @entity2 (TG) were reduced. At a dose of 20 mg/kg all parameters were significantly increased. Marked hyperglycaemia was noticed in response to doses of 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg injected daily for 14 consecutive days or 2 hrs after a single administration of 15 mg/kg. Plasma insulin activity was reduced 2 hours after injection of @entity3 at a dose of 15 mg/kg Likewise, a significant reduction in plasma insulin activity was observed in response to daily I.P. injections of @entity3 at a dose of 15 mg/kg. Hyperglycaemic and hypoinsulinaemic effects of @entity3 (acute and chronic) were markedly decreased when @entity4 , a dopaminergic D2 antagonist, was injected at an I.P. dose of 10 mg/kg before @entity3 . Plasma ACTH activity was significantly increased in response to @entity3 (15 mg/kg I.P.) in acute and chronic experiments. This effect was markedly diminished when @entity4 was injected prior to @entity3 . In conclusion, @entity3 induced marked elevations in plasma levels of total @entity1 and lipids which are likely to be related to hyperglycaemic and hypoinsulinaemic effects.

title: Effect of XXXX on lipid plasma levels in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Results show that @entity3 induced marked alterations in plasma levels of @entity1 and lipids in response to acute and chronic administrations in @entity0 . Two hours after an I.P. dose of 10 mg/kg, @entity3 caused significant reductions in plasma levels of total high density lipoprotein (HDL) and high density lipoprotein @entity1 (HDL @entity1 ). At a dose of 20 mg/kg, @entity3 induced significant elevations in plasma levels of total @entity1 , total HDL, HDL @entity1 , total low density lipoproteins (LDL), and low density lipoprotein @entity1 (LDL @entity1 ). Injected at a dose of 4 or 10 mg/kg daily for 14 consecutive days, @entity3 caused significant increases in plasma levels of total @entity1 , LDL @entity1 and total LDL whereas the levels of HDL @entity1 , total HDL @entity2 (TG) were reduced. At a dose of 20 mg/kg all parameters were significantly increased. Marked hyperglycaemia was noticed in response to doses of 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg injected daily for 14 consecutive days or 2 hrs after a single administration of 15 mg/kg. Plasma insulin activity was reduced 2 hours after injection of @entity3 at a dose of 15 mg/kg Likewise, a significant reduction in plasma insulin activity was observed in response to daily I.P. injections of @entity3 at a dose of 15 mg/kg. Hyperglycaemic and hypoinsulinaemic effects of @entity3 (acute and chronic) were markedly decreased when @entity4 , a dopaminergic D2 antagonist, was injected at an I.P. dose of 10 mg/kg before @entity3 . Plasma ACTH activity was significantly increased in response to @entity3 (15 mg/kg I.P.) in acute and chronic experiments. This effect was markedly diminished when @entity4 was injected prior to @entity3 . In conclusion, @entity3 induced marked elevations in plasma levels of total @entity1 and lipids which are likely to be related to hyperglycaemic and hypoinsulinaemic effects.

title: Effect of @entity3 on lipid plasma levels in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The objective of our study was to determine the incidence and nature of @entity2 found among @entity0 with murmurs clinically ambiguous to an expert examiner. The study was a prospective, blinded evaluation of accuracy of the expert examination using echocardiography as the diagnostic standard. The setting of the study was a pediatric cardiology outpatient department. The study comprised 903 outpatients with heart murmur under 21 years old without prior echocardiography or pediatric cardiology consultation. The intervention was echocardiography as clinically indicated for evaluation of heart murmur of uncertain cause. The outcome measure were a comparison of clinical diagnoses with echocardiographic results. In this clinical population, the presence of @entity2 correlated with young age at presentation and with the expert examiner's level of suspicion of @entity2 . However, 16 of 187 cases in which specific pathology was unsuspected had disease, and 6 of these 16 have had catheter or surgical intervention. Fourteen of the 16 unsuspected had objective indications for echocardiography and the other 2 were examined to allay @entity1 . When evaluating very young outpatients with innocent-sounding murmur or older outpatients with innocent-sounding murmur and disconcerting symptoms, signs, or laboratory results, pediatric cardiologists should have a low threshold for echocardiography. Older outpatients with innocent-sounding murmur seldom have @entity2 when @entity1 is the only indication for echocardiography.

title: Echocardiographic yield in XXXX when innocent murmur seems likely but doubts linger.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Susceptibility of 4-week-old @entity0 of different strains to lethal @entity4 ) infection was studied. Strains homozygous for H-2k and C57BL strains were resistant to greater than or equal to 10(5.5) PFU. @entity2 .BR @entity0 congenic for C57BL background genes and H-2k were about 10-fold more resistant than either C3H/HeN or C57BL strains. BALB/c @entity0 (H-2d) were susceptible (50% lethal dose, 10(5.05) PFU). This susceptibility was dominant over resistance associated with H-2k but not that associated with C57BL background genes. The dominant susceptibility trait segregated in backcross @entity0 as if carried by a single gene. Virus replication in spleen cells in vivo correlated with susceptibility to @entity1 . A similar trend was found in tests of salivary glands. Replication of @entity3 in vitro in cultures of adherent spleen cells and primary @entity0 embryo cells correlated with replication in vivo. Neutralization of interferon (IFN) in cultures of adherent spleen cells reversed H-2k-linked restriction of viral replication but had minor effects on cells of other strains. Natural killer cell responses to infection were often higher in more resistant strains, but @entity2 .BR @entity0 developed minimal natural killer cell responses. Specific antibody and cytotoxic T cell responses in @entity2 .BR @entity0 were similar or lower than in other strains. Thus, resistance to lethal @entity3 infection was not immunologically mediated, was dependent on and reflected by the capacity of cells from a given @entity0 to support replication in vivo and in vitro, and was IFN dependent and recessive if linked to H-2k but IFN independent when associated with C57BL background genes.

title: Genetically determined resistance to lethal XXXX infection is mediated by interferon-dependent and -independent restriction of virus replication.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Spleen cells from C57BL/6 (B6) @entity1 generate a strong in vitro cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response specific for @entity3 virus (VSV). Spleen cells from VSV-primed B6-H-2bm3 (bm3) @entity1 , which have a mutation in @entity2 , require approximately 10-fold more UV-inactivated VSV to generate in vitro secondary anti-VSV CTL, compared with spleen cells from primed B6 mice. Anti-VSV CTL elicited in both bm3 and B6 @entity1 are primarily specific for the viral nucleocapsid protein (N protein), as demonstrated by using recombinant vaccinia viruses that express the VSV N protein. bm3 CTL were found to exhibit only a very low level of lytic activity when tested against autologous VSV-infected concanavalin A spleen cell blasts as well as several H-2b @entity0 cell lines. The weak anti-VSV response of bm3 CTL was found to be the result of a combination of inefficient recognition of VSV-infected target cells and decreased elicitation of secondary effector cells. VSV-infected bm3 target cells were not killed as well as B6 targets by either bm3 or B6 effectors. This is because of the inefficient recognition of targets, as demonstrated by the fact that VSV-infected bm3 cells were unable to competitively inhibit the lysis of VSV-infected B6 target cells by either bm3 or B6 effectors. By using cells from recombinant @entity1 , it was shown that the CTL response restricted by @entity2 was low in the bm3 @entity1 , compared with that of the B6 @entity1 . However, the H-2Db-restricted CTL activity was similarly low in both the B6 and bm3 @entity1 . The possibility that the low response to VSV-infected bm3 cells is caused by differences between the bm3 and B6 cells in expression of either viral antigens or H-2K was investigated by radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation. VSV-infected B6 and bm3 cells were found to express equivalent levels of both viral antigens and H-2K. These results indicate that the bm3 mutation alters a functional site on the @entity2 molecule that is involved in the recognition of VSV-infected cells. The observation that elicitation of bm3 CTL can occur at high antigen doses further suggests that the bm3 mutation results in a lower affinity of H-2K either for viral antigen or for receptor sites on the CTL.

title: Possible mechanisms by which the H-2Kbm3 mutation may decrease cytotoxic T-lymphocyte recognition of XXXX virus nucleoprotein antigen.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 of salivary glands is a rare @entity2 whose variable behavior and prognosis are related for the most part to the clinical stage and histologic grade of the @entity6 component. The purpose of this study is to predict prognosis by comparing the histologic grading and subclassification of the @entity6 component with the immunohistochemical reactivity for @entity7 , @entity4 mutation protein, and cellular proliferation (Ki67). Stains were performed on @entity3 -fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 18 cases of @entity5 . Clinical follow-up was obtained for each @entity0 . Regional lymph node and distant organ metastases were the criteria for poor prognosis. Of seven cases with lymph nodes @entity1 , five were high-grade @entity2 (with one subsequent death from brain @entity1 ) and two were low-grade. Of the eight high-grade @entity2 , positivity for Ki67, @entity4 , and @entity7 were noted in six, four, and two cases, respectively. In contrast, of the 10 low-grade @entity2 , two stained with Ki67, five with @entity4 , and none with @entity7 . Most notably, all seven metastatic cases (as opposed to only one of 11 nonmetastatic @entity2 ) had Ki67 reactivity of more than 10%. We conclude that @entity5 represents a spectrum of @entity2 in which the clinical behavior is closely related to the @entity6 element. In addition to histologic grading, Ki67 is a useful prognostic marker in the evaluation of @entity5 while @entity4 and @entity7 appear to be of limited value.

title: Prognostic factors in XXXX of the salivary gland: correlation of immunohistochemical markers with histologic classification.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To understand the mutational patterns and mechanism of short tandem repeats(STRs). METHODS: The DNA samples of 19 parent- @entity0 pairs with mutations in three loci ( @entity2 , D12S391, and D11S554) were genotyped by @entity1 staining on STR. Alleles to be sequenced were excised from gels, reamplified by PCR, and purified. Sequencing was performed by use of cycle sequencing. RESULTS: There were 18 out of 19 pedigrees in which the 'new' alleles gained or lost a single repeat (8 gains, 7 losses, and 3 being indistinguishable). Only one pedigree lost two repeats. In the 19 pedigrees, there were 13 pedigrees whose 'new' alleles came from fathers, 3 from mothers, 3 from either father or mother. The ratio was 4 1 between fathers and mothers. The mutation of three STR loci occurred in the long, uninterrupted tetranucleotide repeat regions ('CTTT' in @entity2 , 'AGAT' in D12S391, and 'AAAG' in D11S554). CONCLUSION: Single- step mutations accounted for 95% of STR mutation events in these three loci: @entity2 , D12S391, and D11S554. The rest were double step mutations. There was no insertion or deletion of an incomplete repeat in any of the pedigrees. The mutation was mainly caused by fathers. The long, uninterrupted tetranucleotide repeats in these three loci might be susceptible to mutation.

title: [Study on the mutation of XXXX short tandem repeats at three loci].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 is a zoonosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium, @entity3 . The organism penetrates the @entity0 body through interrupted skin or mucous membranes, via animal contact or bites from ticks, deer-flies and mosquitoes. Contaminated aerosol and water are alternative modes of transmitting the germ through the respiratory and alimentary tracks. In light of its high infectivity in aerosol and its offensive occupation in the past, @entity4 may appear in a biological warfare context. After an incubation period of 3-5 days, the disease begins with systemic symptoms, which abate, leaving a clinical picture, dominated by one of the listed patterns: ulceroglandular, typhoidal, glandular, occuloglandular, pharyngeal or pneumonic. Diagnosis and identification of the bacterium is difficult and even hazardous. Most diagnoses are established by serology which is positive in 50-70% of the @entity0 after 2 weeks of illness, and in most of them by 4-8 weeks. The treatment of choice is streptomycin intra-muscular, or @entity1 intra-venous for 10-14 days. Prophylaxis may be achieved by @entity2 treatment, beginning up to 24 hours from exposure, for 2 weeks, or by a live attenuated, investigational vaccine. Nevertheless, post-exposure, or even better so, pre-exposure intervention is the most effective way of preventing the devastating results of the attack.

title: [ XXXX as a biological weapon].

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Elderly @entity0 who @entity4 their hips are susceptible to complications associated with bed rest before surgery. In some institutions a skin traction device is used in order to relieve @entity3 before surgery. The authors followed ten @entity0 who developed severe (deep) @entity6 and evaluated the relationship to the skin traction device. The need for use of a skin traction device is debated and the need for multidisciplinary treatment if this complication develops is emphasised. @entity0 AND METHODS: All @entity0 who had serious @entity6 between January and December 2000 were evaluated. A serious @entity6 was defined as any new and abrupt case of a full-thickness skin loss involving @entity1 of subcutaneous tissue, but not through the underlying fascia and not extending to underlying bone, tendon or joint capsule. Preoperative assessment including background illness and medications, the application of a skin traction device, the type of surgery that was performed, and complications were noted. RESULTS: Ten @entity0 (nine females and one male) aged 76-90 years met the criteria of serious @entity6 . The leading @entity2 was cardiovascular. Among these @entity0 there were intertrochanteric @entity4 (n = 5), subcapital @entity4 (n = 4) and a subtrochanteric @entity4 (n = 1). In all @entity0 a skin traction device was used. In seven out of the ten @entity0 the @entity6 occurred during or immediately after surgery. Other @entity5 included uncontrolled @entity8 levels (> 130 mg/dl during fasting) (two cases) and @entity7 (two cases). The @entity6 was treated with a daily wound care regimen by a trained nurse and included daily changing of wet dressings and application of Vaseline gauze. All @entity0 were allowed immediate ambulation after the surgery and were discharged 9-15 days after the surgery. Although improvement of the slough was noted in all @entity0 , none of them had fully recovered, and they had to continue treatment in outpatient clinics. DISCUSSION: The main goal of treatment in elderly @entity0 who fractured their hips is to return them to their previous activities of daily living. A skin traction device, although useful for many of the @entity0 , has the disadvantage of causing serious @entity6 . This complication can interfere with the normal curve of rehabilitation and cause prolonged hospital stay. Whenever this complication is expected, the application of the skin traction device should be avoided. Moreover, careful handling of the @entity0 by physicians, physiotherapists and nurses is mandatory. If this complication develops, vigorous multidisciplinary care is recommended.

title: Deep XXXX following skin traction for hip fractures.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity0 with @entity1 were treated at two different centres with slightly ionizing radiation (110 @entity0 ) and neutron therapy (15 @entity0 ). The treatment results are compared. The principles of comparison applied in this analysis are identical. The histologic classification was made according to the W.H.O. recommendation of 1972 and the staging according to Becske. @entity1 control is the criterion applied in the comparative assessment of both methods. The analysis has shown that there is no significant difference in the treatment results within the individual stages of @entity1 's advancement after application of an orthovolt therapy and a telecobalt therapy. @entity0 treated in early stages (stages I and III) had a substantially higher rate of @entity1 control (72%) than @entity0 in advanced stages (46%, stages III and IV). A more favorable treatment results was achieved by neutron therapy in all stages of @entity1 's advancement. In this case the rate of @entity0 with @entity1 control (87%) was significantly higher than after radiotherapy with slightly ionizing radiation (46%).

title: [Results of irradiation using different radiation sources in the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: This study evaluated the techniques and short-term results of surgical treatment for @entity2 in Germany by a nationwide representative survey. METHODS: In 2000 a questionnaire including 63 structured items concerning indication, technique, number of procedures, complications, and hospital mortality was sent to 308 randomly selected general, gastrointestinal, and thoracic surgeons and all university hospitals in Germany (20% of all surgeons). The response rate was 76% ( n=234). RESULTS: In 1999 the 56 participating hospitals performed approximately 370,000 procedures, including 1,677 operations for @entity4 , including 891 esophagectomies, 706 for @entity2 , 285 for @entity0 . Gastric interposition was the most common technique to restore alimentary tract continuity (86%). Interposition of the colon (ascending colon 64%) is a common procedure only in 22 centers, indicating that experience with this means of esophageal reconstruction is limited. There were no significant differences in complication and mortality rates between gastric transposition and colon interposition. The overall complication rate was 61%, with 36% after gastric interposition and 42% after colon interposition. @entity3 occurred in 12% and 15%, respectively, and the rate of graft @entity1 was 3% in both groups. Hospital mortality was 8% with gastric transposition and 11% with colon interposition. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 24 days. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that gastric transposition is frequently used for reconstruction after esophageal resection for @entity0 . It appears that the colon is not as accepted as the stomach for reconstruction, although the reported complication rates compare well with those reported after gastric transposition. This study allows a realistic evaluation of the overall risk of these surgical techniques.

title: Techniques and results of XXXX surgery in Germany.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity6 ) is a potent vasodilator produced in several organs, including the kidney. In the present study, the effect of intra-femoral @entity6 (0.78 micrograms/kg) in control @entity1 (Group 1) or @entity4 (3 mg/kg) treated animals (Group 2) was examined. In Group 1, systemic blood pressure dropped from 108 +/- 8 to 47 +/- 7 mmHg following @entity6 and hematocrit rose from 42 +/- 2 to 56 +/- 2%. These changes were associated with a reduction in both urine flow, urinary @entity2 (from 69 +/- 9 to 25 +/- 6 muEq/min), glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow (from 28 +/- 2 to 11 +/- 1 and 52 +/- 5 to 26 +/- 4 ml/min, respectively). All parameters returned to normalcy during the following 50 minutes. In Group 2, the systemic effects of @entity6 were abolished by @entity4 . However, @entity4 failed to prevent the @entity0 which were altered as in Group 1. In additional experiments (Group 3) the influence of @entity5 , a specific antagonist of @entity6 receptors, was examined. The dose of @entity6 utilized in this group was 0.78 micrograms/kg, whereas @entity5 was administered 30 minutes before @entity6 injections in increasing doses (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 25.0 micrograms). This antagonist blocked the effect of @entity6 on blood pressure and renal parameters in a dose-related manner. Finally, the effect of intrarenal @entity6 was studied (Group 4: increasing continuous infusions of 2, 5, 10, and 20 ng/kg/min; Group 5: single bolus of 0.15 and 0.30 micrograms/kg). In these two groups, the systemic effects of @entity6 were abolished as expected. In Group 4, a dose related reduction of urinary @entity2 was observed during the continuous infusion of @entity6 . Only at higher doses, was an effect on glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow observed. In Group 5, a marked reduction of urinary @entity2 (from 110 +/- 15 to 22 +/- 5 muEq/min) occurred while glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow decreased by approximately 50%. These data support a direct influence of @entity6 on urinary @entity2 excretion and renal hemodynamics. The peripheral effects of this compound are mediated by vasodilatory @entity3 , as shown in Group 2. Finally, the actions of this powerful vasodilator on the kidney do not require the intervention of systemic influences, as clearly demonstrated in Groups 4 and 5.

title: Hemodynamic effects of XXXX on the @entity1 kidney.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity6 ) is a potent vasodilator produced in several organs, including the kidney. In the present study, the effect of intra-femoral @entity6 (0.78 micrograms/kg) in control @entity1 (Group 1) or @entity4 (3 mg/kg) treated animals (Group 2) was examined. In Group 1, systemic blood pressure dropped from 108 +/- 8 to 47 +/- 7 mmHg following @entity6 and hematocrit rose from 42 +/- 2 to 56 +/- 2%. These changes were associated with a reduction in both urine flow, urinary @entity2 (from 69 +/- 9 to 25 +/- 6 muEq/min), glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow (from 28 +/- 2 to 11 +/- 1 and 52 +/- 5 to 26 +/- 4 ml/min, respectively). All parameters returned to normalcy during the following 50 minutes. In Group 2, the systemic effects of @entity6 were abolished by @entity4 . However, @entity4 failed to prevent the @entity0 which were altered as in Group 1. In additional experiments (Group 3) the influence of @entity5 , a specific antagonist of @entity6 receptors, was examined. The dose of @entity6 utilized in this group was 0.78 micrograms/kg, whereas @entity5 was administered 30 minutes before @entity6 injections in increasing doses (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 25.0 micrograms). This antagonist blocked the effect of @entity6 on blood pressure and renal parameters in a dose-related manner. Finally, the effect of intrarenal @entity6 was studied (Group 4: increasing continuous infusions of 2, 5, 10, and 20 ng/kg/min; Group 5: single bolus of 0.15 and 0.30 micrograms/kg). In these two groups, the systemic effects of @entity6 were abolished as expected. In Group 4, a dose related reduction of urinary @entity2 was observed during the continuous infusion of @entity6 . Only at higher doses, was an effect on glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow observed. In Group 5, a marked reduction of urinary @entity2 (from 110 +/- 15 to 22 +/- 5 muEq/min) occurred while glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow decreased by approximately 50%. These data support a direct influence of @entity6 on urinary @entity2 excretion and renal hemodynamics. The peripheral effects of this compound are mediated by vasodilatory @entity3 , as shown in Group 2. Finally, the actions of this powerful vasodilator on the kidney do not require the intervention of systemic influences, as clearly demonstrated in Groups 4 and 5.

title: Hemodynamic effects of @entity7 on the XXXX kidney.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity2 have poor cure rates. The authors sought to improve the relapse free, @entity1 specific survival of these @entity0 by adding chemohormonal therapy to radiation. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity0 with clinical Stage III positive seminal vesicles or positive nodes received six courses of @entity7 , @entity4 , and @entity5 with simultaneous radiation and permanent @entity3 deprivation. @entity6 (PSA) testing was the sole criterion for relapse. Median followup was 10.5 years. RESULTS: Treatment was well tolerated. @entity0 received 91-95% of each drug and all planned radiation. At 10 years the cumulative relapse free rate determined by continuously undetectable PSA levels was 73%, and the cumulative @entity1 specific survival was 81%. Of node-positive @entity0 , 82% were relapse-free at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of chemotherapy to hormonal and radiation therapy is feasible and is accepted by most @entity0 when they are openly informed of their prognosis with conventional therapy. Results in the current small series appear excellent and may be superior to radiation plus hormones alone. Larger randomized studies are warranted.

title: Adjuvant chemohormonal therapy of high risk XXXX . Ten year results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The role of radiation therapy in resectable @entity1 is questionable. To study the value of concentrated preoperative radiotherapy, a randomized clinical trial had been carried out. METHODS: From 1974 to 1978, 152 @entity0 were randomized and underwent exploratory laparotomy; in 50 @entity0 curative surgery was not possible, while 102 @entity0 satisfied protocol requirements and entered in the trial. @entity0 in the experimental group were treated with preoperative radiotherapy (20 Gy/5 days) and subtotal or total gastrectomy. @entity0 in the control group underwent surgery alone. RESULTS: Study showed acceptable tolerance of radiotherapy regime with no increase of postoperative mortality and morbidity. There was no significant difference in survival between the two treatment groups (chi 2 = 0.349, df = 1, P = 0.555). Subset analysis also failed to demonstrate significant survival advantages of the combined treatment; however, some positive trends were seen in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Concentrated preoperative radiotherapy in the dose of 20 Gy is safe and feasible, but seems to be insufficient to improve survival in @entity1 @entity0 . However, the results are promising in selected subgroups of @entity0 , which encourages future trials with adjuvant radiation therapy.

title: Concentrated preoperative radiotherapy for resectable XXXX : 20-years follow-up of a randomized trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine why @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 leave without being seen (LWBS) by a physician and to ascertain whether they receive alternative medical care. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted of @entity0 who left without being seen by a physician between January 1 and June 30, 1999 in a medical center @entity1 in northern Taiwan. Medical records were reviewed for population demographics, presenting complaints, and clinic acuity rating. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted within 3 weeks after the @entity0 left the @entity1 . RESULTS: Of 74,485 registered @entity0 , 77 (0.1%) left without being seen by a doctor, and follow-up was achieved for 39.0% (30 of 77) of these. Ninety-seven percent (75 of 77) had low acuity ratings, and 58% (45 of 77) left within 60 min after registration. The respondents cited the following 3 leading reasons for leaving: prolonged waiting times (16 of 30, 53.3%), @entity1 appeared busy (6 of 30, 20.0%), and self-referral to the hospital outpatient department (4 of 30, 13.3%). Most respondents believed that they should have been evaluated by a physician within 60 min of presentation. About half (14/30, 46.6%) of them sought further medical care within 24 h after they left the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In our study, only 0.1% of @entity0 who sought care in the @entity1 left without being seen by a physician. The majority of survey respondents had a low acuity rating and left because of long waiting times. Half of the @entity0 who left without being seen sought alternative medical care.

title: Emergency department XXXX who leave without being seen by a doctor: the experience of a medical center in northern Taiwan.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 increases serum viscosity and is the most common cause of @entity3 . @entity6 resulting in @entity3 is seen in multiple @entity5 and Waldenstr  m's @entity7 . The reasons for elevated viscosity are increased protein content and large molecular size, abnormal polymerization, and abnormal shape of immunoglobulin molecules. Other hematologic and @entity1 seen in @entity0 with @entity4 also contribute to hyperviscosity. Symptomatic hyperviscosity is much more common in Waldenstr  m's @entity7 (10 to 30%) than it is in @entity5 (2 to 6%). Symptoms of hyperviscosity usually appear when the normal serum viscosity of 1.4 to 1.8 cp reaches 4 to 5 cp, corresponding to a serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) level of at least 3 g/dL, an IgG level of 4 g/dL, and an IgA level of 6 g/dL. Symptoms of hyperviscosity include constitutional symptoms; @entity2 ; and ocular, neurological, and cardiovascular manifestations. Immediate therapy of symptomatic hyperviscosity is directed at reduction of blood viscosity by plasmapheresis to control symptoms. Long-term management is directed at control of the underlying disease to prevent production of the monoclonal protein. There may be a small proportion of individuals, usually old or with severely compromised performance status, who undergo plasma exchange as the sole symptomatic therapy of hyperviscosity secondary to @entity4 .

title: XXXX in @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity6 increases serum viscosity and is the most common cause of @entity3 . @entity6 resulting in @entity3 is seen in multiple @entity5 and Waldenstr  m's @entity7 . The reasons for elevated viscosity are increased protein content and large molecular size, abnormal polymerization, and abnormal shape of immunoglobulin molecules. Other hematologic and @entity1 seen in @entity0 with @entity4 also contribute to hyperviscosity. Symptomatic hyperviscosity is much more common in Waldenstr  m's @entity7 (10 to 30%) than it is in @entity5 (2 to 6%). Symptoms of hyperviscosity usually appear when the normal serum viscosity of 1.4 to 1.8 cp reaches 4 to 5 cp, corresponding to a serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) level of at least 3 g/dL, an IgG level of 4 g/dL, and an IgA level of 6 g/dL. Symptoms of hyperviscosity include constitutional symptoms; @entity2 ; and ocular, neurological, and cardiovascular manifestations. Immediate therapy of symptomatic hyperviscosity is directed at reduction of blood viscosity by plasmapheresis to control symptoms. Long-term management is directed at control of the underlying disease to prevent production of the monoclonal protein. There may be a small proportion of individuals, usually old or with severely compromised performance status, who undergo plasma exchange as the sole symptomatic therapy of hyperviscosity secondary to @entity4 .

title: @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The contributions of alpha 2- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in the central amygdaloid nucleus to the @entity0 and decreased urinary @entity3 excretion resulting from environmental stress (air jet) in conscious spontaneously @entity2 @entity1 (SHR) were examined. Air stress increased mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity (47% from 9.3 +/- 0.8 integrator resets/min), and decreased urinary @entity3 excretion (38% from 2.4 +/- 0.3 microEq/min/100 g b. wt.). After bilateral administration of @entity5 (2 X 2.5 micrograms) (alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist) into the central amygdaloid nucleus of the same SHR, air stress had no effect on renal sympathetic nerve activity (+7% from 7.5 +/- 0.8 integrator resets/min) or urinary @entity3 excretion (+5% from 3.5 +/- 0.4 microEq/min/100 g b. wt.), but still increased mean arterial pressure. These effects of guanabenz were prevented by the prior bilateral administration of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, @entity4 (2 X 15 micrograms), into the central amygdaloid nucleus; @entity4 alone had no effect on the renal responses to air stress in SHR. Guanabenz in the lateral cerebral ventricle (2 micrograms), the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (2 X 2.5 micrograms) or a site dorsal to the central amygdaloid nucleus in the area of globus pallidus (2 X 2.5 micrograms) had no effect on the renal sympathetic nerve activity or urinary @entity3 excretion responses to air stress. Similarly, @entity7 (2 X 1 microgram; @entity6 antagonist) in the central amygdaloid nucleus had no effect on the renal responses to air stress.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Alpha 2-adrenoceptors in amygdala control renal sympathetic nerve activity and renal function in conscious spontaneously XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The contributions of alpha 2- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in the central amygdaloid nucleus to the @entity0 and decreased urinary @entity3 excretion resulting from environmental stress (air jet) in conscious spontaneously @entity2 @entity1 (SHR) were examined. Air stress increased mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity (47% from 9.3 +/- 0.8 integrator resets/min), and decreased urinary @entity3 excretion (38% from 2.4 +/- 0.3 microEq/min/100 g b. wt.). After bilateral administration of @entity5 (2 X 2.5 micrograms) (alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist) into the central amygdaloid nucleus of the same SHR, air stress had no effect on renal sympathetic nerve activity (+7% from 7.5 +/- 0.8 integrator resets/min) or urinary @entity3 excretion (+5% from 3.5 +/- 0.4 microEq/min/100 g b. wt.), but still increased mean arterial pressure. These effects of guanabenz were prevented by the prior bilateral administration of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, @entity4 (2 X 15 micrograms), into the central amygdaloid nucleus; @entity4 alone had no effect on the renal responses to air stress in SHR. Guanabenz in the lateral cerebral ventricle (2 micrograms), the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (2 X 2.5 micrograms) or a site dorsal to the central amygdaloid nucleus in the area of globus pallidus (2 X 2.5 micrograms) had no effect on the renal sympathetic nerve activity or urinary @entity3 excretion responses to air stress. Similarly, @entity7 (2 X 1 microgram; @entity6 antagonist) in the central amygdaloid nucleus had no effect on the renal responses to air stress.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Alpha 2-adrenoceptors in amygdala control renal sympathetic nerve activity and renal function in conscious spontaneously @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: There are still many problems to be overcome in the development of mammographic apparatus suitable for mass screening purposes, but a certain number of these have been solved in the system discussed in the present paper. The equipment employs the technique of displaying I.I. images on a monitor by means of an image processor. This possesses the advantages of both film mammography and xeromammography, and the X-ray dose involved is small. The following advantages over film mammography are offered: The system is capable of clearly bringing out very minor differences of contrast. @entity2 shadows can be easily displayed. The X-ray dose is small: 0.03-0.05 R. The equipment is inexpensive to use. @entity1 positioning is simple, and examinations take little time. Long operator training programs are unnecessary. The system uses digital signals, and so automatic diagnosis is possible. Theoretically, at least, @entity2 as small as 0.2 mm in diameter can be detected. The future goal is discovering unpalpable @entity0 . DMR is useful because of low dose, low cost and high safety. In our study as screening for @entity0 , DMR system shows high sensitivity (87.1%), specificity (78.7%) in 391 cases of out @entity1 .

title: [Digital mammo-radiography (DMR) in mass screening for XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maternal @entity4 and high body mass index (BMI) are both associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, including some @entity5 . One study reported an association between @entity4 and @entity2 (Li, 1999). METHODS: We defined @entity4 as the mother's report that she sought fertility treatment from a doctor/clinic, and high BMI as a prepregnancy BMI > or = 25. We included 169 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 [n = 41], obstructive defects [n = 117], and duplication defects [n = 11]) and 2763 @entity0 without defects who were born in 1968-1980 in metropolitan Atlanta, after excluding mothers who reported @entity1 . Conditional logistic regression (matching variables: race, birth hospital, and birth period) was used to obtain effect estimates (adjusted for maternal age and gestational age). RESULTS: Subfertility was more common among case-mothers (11.8%) than control-mothers (7.8%), high BMI was similar among case-mothers (11.2%) and control-mothers (10.9%), and joint exposure ( @entity4 and high BMI) was reported by 3% case-mothers and 0.7% of control-mothers. Joint exposure to @entity4 and high BMI was associated with @entity2 (odds ratio [OR] = 5.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0-16.3). All case-mothers who reported a joint exposure had @entity0 with @entity2 (OR = 8.5; 95% CI = 2.9-24.7). There was no association observed for either exposure alone ( @entity4 and low BMI, or high BMI and no @entity4 ) for either all @entity2 or obstructive defects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who are overweight/ @entity3 and experience @entity4 may be more likely to have an @entity0 with an @entity2 . Further exploration of possible biologic mechanisms is needed.

title: Subfertility and prepregnancy overweight/ @entity3 : possible interaction between these risk factors in the etiology of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maternal @entity4 and high body mass index (BMI) are both associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, including some @entity5 . One study reported an association between @entity4 and @entity2 (Li, 1999). METHODS: We defined @entity4 as the mother's report that she sought fertility treatment from a doctor/clinic, and high BMI as a prepregnancy BMI > or = 25. We included 169 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 [n = 41], obstructive defects [n = 117], and duplication defects [n = 11]) and 2763 @entity0 without defects who were born in 1968-1980 in metropolitan Atlanta, after excluding mothers who reported @entity1 . Conditional logistic regression (matching variables: race, birth hospital, and birth period) was used to obtain effect estimates (adjusted for maternal age and gestational age). RESULTS: Subfertility was more common among case-mothers (11.8%) than control-mothers (7.8%), high BMI was similar among case-mothers (11.2%) and control-mothers (10.9%), and joint exposure ( @entity4 and high BMI) was reported by 3% case-mothers and 0.7% of control-mothers. Joint exposure to @entity4 and high BMI was associated with @entity2 (odds ratio [OR] = 5.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0-16.3). All case-mothers who reported a joint exposure had @entity0 with @entity2 (OR = 8.5; 95% CI = 2.9-24.7). There was no association observed for either exposure alone ( @entity4 and low BMI, or high BMI and no @entity4 ) for either all @entity2 or obstructive defects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who are overweight/ @entity3 and experience @entity4 may be more likely to have an @entity0 with an @entity2 . Further exploration of possible biologic mechanisms is needed.

title: Subfertility and prepregnancy overweight/ XXXX : possible interaction between these risk factors in the etiology of @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Inhibin is a gonadal hormone thought to be important in FSH regulation. We investigated the effects of the hypogonadotropic state and subsequent @entity2 -induced increases in gonadotropin levels on inhibin secretion. Serum levels of inhibin, LH, FSH, and @entity1 (T) as well as sperm concentrations were measured in 5 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) before (baseline) and during 8 weeks of @entity2 therapy (5 micrograms, sc, every 2 h). Baseline and peak inhibin levels were compared to those in a group of 19 normal @entity0 . Before @entity2 administration, the mean serum inhibin level was significantly lower in the @entity3 @entity0 than in the normal @entity0 [166 +/- 56 (+/- SE) vs. 588 +/- 30 U/L; P less than 0.001]. Serum inhibin levels rose after 1 week of @entity2 therapy (P less than 0.05) and remained higher than the baseline level thereafter. The mean peak inhibin level during @entity2 administration was lower than the mean value in normal @entity0 (485 +/- 166 vs. 588 +/- 30 U/L; P less than 0.05). Serum LH and FSH levels rose promptly to the midnormal range or slightly above it. Serum T levels did not significantly increase until 4-5 weeks of @entity2 administration and remained in the low normal range. All @entity3 @entity0 were azoospermic throughout the study. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibin is produced by the testis under gonadotropin control. They also suggest the possibility of defective Sertoli and Leydig cell function in @entity0 with @entity3 , since the men's serum inhibin and T levels did not rise to the same extent as did their normalized serum gonadotropin levels during @entity2 administration.

title: Stimulation of serum inhibin concentrations by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Inhibin is a gonadal hormone thought to be important in FSH regulation. We investigated the effects of the hypogonadotropic state and subsequent @entity2 -induced increases in gonadotropin levels on inhibin secretion. Serum levels of inhibin, LH, FSH, and @entity1 (T) as well as sperm concentrations were measured in 5 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) before (baseline) and during 8 weeks of @entity2 therapy (5 micrograms, sc, every 2 h). Baseline and peak inhibin levels were compared to those in a group of 19 normal @entity0 . Before @entity2 administration, the mean serum inhibin level was significantly lower in the @entity3 @entity0 than in the normal @entity0 [166 +/- 56 (+/- SE) vs. 588 +/- 30 U/L; P less than 0.001]. Serum inhibin levels rose after 1 week of @entity2 therapy (P less than 0.05) and remained higher than the baseline level thereafter. The mean peak inhibin level during @entity2 administration was lower than the mean value in normal @entity0 (485 +/- 166 vs. 588 +/- 30 U/L; P less than 0.05). Serum LH and FSH levels rose promptly to the midnormal range or slightly above it. Serum T levels did not significantly increase until 4-5 weeks of @entity2 administration and remained in the low normal range. All @entity3 @entity0 were azoospermic throughout the study. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibin is produced by the testis under gonadotropin control. They also suggest the possibility of defective Sertoli and Leydig cell function in @entity0 with @entity3 , since the men's serum inhibin and T levels did not rise to the same extent as did their normalized serum gonadotropin levels during @entity2 administration.

title: Stimulation of serum inhibin concentrations by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Literary data proved evidence that uterine actions of @entity2 develop through different receptor systems. We performed experiments to examine whether different mechanisms are also involved in the hepatic effects of estrogenic @entity3 . Female @entity1 were treated with a single dose of 5 mg/kg @entity6 . Dry liver weight and protein content increased. Both responses were blocked by prior administration of natural antiestrogen @entity5 . Increased wet organ weight and water content were measured as @entity0 . They can be attributed to the depolymerisation of mucopolysaccharides. @entity5 could not prevent these effects. @entity6 induced glycogen synthesis in the liver. This was counteracted by @entity5 treatment. To elucidate the possible role of the adenylcyclase system the animals were treated with beta-receptor blocker @entity4 which had no effect either on liver glycogen content or on @entity6 induced synthesis. @entity8 , an equal blocker of alpha 1- and alpha 2-receptors, did not interfere with glycogenetic action of @entity6 either. The selective alpha 1-receptor blocker @entity7 decreased the liver glycogen content and inhibited glycogenetic response to @entity6 . Our results proved that @entity2 display their hepatic effects by several mechanisms that can be selectively blocked or moderated.

title: Different mechanisms in the hepatic actions of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Renal arteriovenous (AV) @entity2 is uncommon, but sometimes causes severe @entity4 . To assess the value of color Doppler ultrasound (CD-US) for the detection of @entity1 , we retrospectively reviewed our experience with this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1994 and 2001, five @entity0 with @entity1 were diagnosed in our institution. Post-biopsy @entity5 of the transplanted kidney was found in 1 @entity0 . @entity1 was detected in 2 @entity0 who presented with gross @entity4 . In the remaining 2 @entity0 , @entity1 was discovered incidentally during abdominal ultrasonography. We evaluated gray-scale and CD-US imaging in those five @entity0 . RESULTS: In all 5 @entity0 , CD-US showed a whirling flow pattern within an echo-free structure suggesting @entity5 . However, it was difficult to distinguish @entity5 from @entity3 using only CD-US. While pulsed spectral Doppler evaluation of the lesion might be helpful, prompt venous filling on dynamic CT scan and/or renal arteriography was the most definitive sign for diagnosing the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: CD-US is excellent for demonstrating turbulent blood flow signals within the kidney. However, another radiographic study is required to give a definite diagnosis of @entity1 . Due to its low cost, low risk and wide availability, we recommend that CD-US be the first-line imaging procedure for the evaluation of @entity4 and @entity1 as well as for followup for @entity1 .

title: [Color Doppler ultrasound for detection of renal XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The translation initiation rate is greatly affected by the secondary structure of the translation initiation region (TIR) of mRNA. A novel system was established for improving the translation initiation rate of a foreign gene in @entity1 . As a model, the 5' 114 bp coding sequence (38 @entity3 from the start codon) of @entity0 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) gene was fused with the lacZ' gene at its 5' end in vector pTZ19R. A Shine/Dalgarno (SD) sequence GAGGT was inserted to the -8 position of AUG by site-directed mutation. Then the flanking sequences of SD, which were the 6 @entity4 upstream the SD and the 7 nucleotides between SD and AUG, were randomly changed by PCR using a synthetic primer with partially random sequences. This random mutation led to potential variations in the secondary structure of the TIR of mRNA through base pairing with the 5' coding sequence. The 5' @entity2 -LacZ' mRNA could be efficiently and specifically transcribed by inducible T7 RNA polymerase in @entity1 JM 109 (DE3). There were 269 clones of 5' @entity2 -LacZ' fusion plasmid selected first by the blue color on X-gal plate and then by hybridization with a 5' @entity2 probe. Eight clones with different blue colors among the 269 clones were chosen for beta-galactosidase activity assay. The results showed that the difference between their enzyme activities was more than 20 fold, but there seemed no apparent difference at the transcription level as assayed by RNA dot hybridization, which suggested that the difference in the expression of the fusion protein was due to the different rate of translation initiation. Thus, by this strategy, an effective translation initiation region for the high expression of @entity0 @entity2 gene in @entity1 was obtained.

title: A New Strategy for Optimizing the Translation Initiation Rate of Foreign Gene Expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The Lequesne Algofunctional Index is a widespread international instrument and recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for outcome measurement in hip and knee diseases. Up to now there has been no German version of the questionnaire fulfilling the guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation and providing satisfactory metric quality. Based on these guidelines, we developed the German version of the Lequesne Algofunctional Index regarding @entity2 presented in this article. All of the questions it contains have been worded as whole sentences, questions concerning walking performance have been substantiated by examples. In testing of the metric outcome (hip: n = 112; knee: n = 83), both questionnaires showed an excellent reliability (IKK > 0,88). As a validity criterion, the correlation with the WOMAC score was tested. We received a Spearman coefficient between 0,63 and 0,81, indicating a high correlation. Time needed to fill in the Lequesne score was 2 min. in @entity0 , physicians took 1,2 min. to evaluate the questionnaire. Regarding the questionnaires handed back, the Lequesne score showed better results than the WOMAC index. Sensitivity, measured by the "standardized response mean", was good in both regions for the total score. Comparing the data received on @entity1 -related questions, the WOMAC score however showed a better sensitivity. The German version of the Lequesne Algofunctional Index is a suitable outcome instrument to measure the intensity of @entity1 , walking capacity and activity of daily life in @entity0 with @entity3 of @entity4 .

title: [Cross cultural adaptation of the lequesne algofunctional indices for german speaking @entity0 with XXXX and the knee].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The Lequesne Algofunctional Index is a widespread international instrument and recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for outcome measurement in hip and knee diseases. Up to now there has been no German version of the questionnaire fulfilling the guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation and providing satisfactory metric quality. Based on these guidelines, we developed the German version of the Lequesne Algofunctional Index regarding @entity2 presented in this article. All of the questions it contains have been worded as whole sentences, questions concerning walking performance have been substantiated by examples. In testing of the metric outcome (hip: n = 112; knee: n = 83), both questionnaires showed an excellent reliability (IKK > 0,88). As a validity criterion, the correlation with the WOMAC score was tested. We received a Spearman coefficient between 0,63 and 0,81, indicating a high correlation. Time needed to fill in the Lequesne score was 2 min. in @entity0 , physicians took 1,2 min. to evaluate the questionnaire. Regarding the questionnaires handed back, the Lequesne score showed better results than the WOMAC index. Sensitivity, measured by the "standardized response mean", was good in both regions for the total score. Comparing the data received on @entity1 -related questions, the WOMAC score however showed a better sensitivity. The German version of the Lequesne Algofunctional Index is a suitable outcome instrument to measure the intensity of @entity1 , walking capacity and activity of daily life in @entity0 with @entity3 of @entity4 .

title: [Cross cultural adaptation of the lequesne algofunctional indices for german speaking XXXX with @entity2 and the knee].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Efficacy and safety of @entity2 ( @entity9 ), a new @entity3 antibacterial agent, were investigated in cases of sexually transmitted male @entity7 and @entity6 . @entity1 occupied a large part of the @entity0 enrolled. This study was conducted in 29 institutions. A total of 1,126 @entity0 with @entity5 , chlamydial or non- @entity5 non- @entity1 were enrolled in the study. The general dosing regimen of oral @entity9 was 100 mg t.i.d. or 200 mg t.i.d. for 14 consecutive days. Along with the clinical efficacy evaluated by doctors in charge, therapeutic and clinical efficacies were determined according to standardized evaluation criteria. The evaluation of therapeutic efficacy was based on bacterial eradication. On the other hand, clinical efficacy was determined upon the improvement in causative bacteria, WBC counts in smear (or initial urine) specimens and urethra/cervical discharges. Clinical efficacy was determined on 7 and 14 days after starting the medication, except for @entity5 for which the efficacy was determined on Day 3 and Day 7. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Efficacy evaluation by standardized criteria Therapeutic efficacy rates in @entity5 were 97.9% (93/95) on Day 3 and 100% (119/119) on Day 7. In @entity1 , the rates were 77.7% (363/467) on Day 7 and 93.6% (392/419) on Day 14. @entity8 rated 94.8% (239/252) and @entity6 91.6% (153/167) on Day 14. Clinical efficacy rates in @entity5 were 63.2% (60/95) on Day 3 and 95.8% (114/119) on Day 7. In @entity1 , they were 70.0% (327/467) on Day 7 and 89.7% (376/419) on Day 14. @entity8 rated 88.5% (223/252) and @entity6 91.6% (153/167) on Day 14. Clinical efficacy rates in non- @entity5 non- @entity1 were 93.3% (97/104) for male @entity7 and 65.9% (27/41) for @entity6 on Day 14. 2. Clinical efficacy determined by doctors in charge A total of 1,028 cases, 752 @entity7 and 276 @entity6 cases, was evaluated by doctors in charge. Clinical efficacy rates were 90.3% for @entity7 and 92.4% for @entity6 . 3. Safety Safety evaluations was conducted in 1,087 @entity0 . Side effects were observed in 23 @entity0 among them (2.12%). None of them were deemed serious. General laboratory examinations were conducted for 169 @entity0 . Abnormal findings were seen in 11 @entity0 (6.51%) or 13 cases, all of which were minor. The results of this multi-center clinical trial demonstrated that @entity9 is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), both @entity5 .

title: [Efficacy of @entity2 in sexually transmitted male @entity7 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity6