abstract: @entity0 in whom @entity3 develops during adolescence have failure of linear growth associated with low levels of insulin-like growth factor I ( @entity1 ). To investigate the pathophysiology of @entity2 in adolescents with @entity3 , we measured basal @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity1 , and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in three groups of @entity0 : (1) 28 recently hospitalized female adolescents with @entity3 , (2) 23 of the same @entity0 after partial weight restoration, and (3) 28 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, and pubertal stage. Fasting @entity4 levels in group 1 did not differ significantly from those in group 3. In contrast, serum @entity7 (p < 0.001), @entity1 (p < 0.001), and @entity5 (p < 0.01) were significantly lower in group 1 than in group 3. Serum @entity7 and @entity5 levels were positively correlated with body mass index. Serum @entity7 levels were low in @entity0 in all five pubertal stages and even in those shown to have adequate @entity4 secretion. In group 2 (after refeeding) the serum @entity1 concentration increased significantly and @entity7 and @entity5 returned to normal. We conclude that @entity0 with @entity3 have diminished @entity4 action resulting in decreased secretion of @entity1 . The positive correlation with body mass index and the reversibility with refeeding suggest that these changes are secondary to @entity6 . Altered @entity4 function that occurs during the years of active growth can explain the @entity2 seen in @entity3 .

title: Disturbances in XXXX secretion and action in adolescents with @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 in whom @entity3 develops during adolescence have failure of linear growth associated with low levels of insulin-like growth factor I ( @entity1 ). To investigate the pathophysiology of @entity2 in adolescents with @entity3 , we measured basal @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity1 , and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in three groups of @entity0 : (1) 28 recently hospitalized female adolescents with @entity3 , (2) 23 of the same @entity0 after partial weight restoration, and (3) 28 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, and pubertal stage. Fasting @entity4 levels in group 1 did not differ significantly from those in group 3. In contrast, serum @entity7 (p < 0.001), @entity1 (p < 0.001), and @entity5 (p < 0.01) were significantly lower in group 1 than in group 3. Serum @entity7 and @entity5 levels were positively correlated with body mass index. Serum @entity7 levels were low in @entity0 in all five pubertal stages and even in those shown to have adequate @entity4 secretion. In group 2 (after refeeding) the serum @entity1 concentration increased significantly and @entity7 and @entity5 returned to normal. We conclude that @entity0 with @entity3 have diminished @entity4 action resulting in decreased secretion of @entity1 . The positive correlation with body mass index and the reversibility with refeeding suggest that these changes are secondary to @entity6 . Altered @entity4 function that occurs during the years of active growth can explain the @entity2 seen in @entity3 .

title: Disturbances in @entity4 secretion and action in adolescents with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity2 Intervention Versus Observation Trial (PIVOT) is a randomized controlled trial sponsored by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the National @entity1 Institute. PIVOT will enroll 2,000 @entity0 from at least 80 Veterans Administration and National @entity1 Institute medical centers. The purpose of PIVOT is to determine which of 2 strategies is superior for managing clinically localized @entity2 (stage T1/T2NXM0) of all histological grades. @entity0 less than 75 years old will be randomized to either radical prostatectomy with early intervention for disease persistence/recurrence or expectant management with palliative therapy reserved for symptomatic or metastatic disease progression. @entity0 will be excluded if they have received prior therapy for @entity2 (except transurethral resection of the prostate) or are judged not to be candidates for radical prostectomy. All @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity2 will be recorded on the PIVOT screening log. Registry information will include @entity0 age, race, @entity3 level, clinical stage, histological @entity1 grade, initial therapy, and vital status. @entity0 meeting eligibility criteria will watch an information and randomization video tape developed for PIVOT. @entity0 will be randomized over a 3-year period and followed for a minimum of 12 years. Data collected at followup will include urological symptoms, disease and treatment related morbidity, and disease specific and overall quality of life. Evidence of symptomatic or @entity4 persistence, recurrence or progression will be measured by questionnaire, physical examination, digital rectal examination, @entity3 and annual bone scan. The primary study end point will be all cause mortality. Secondary outcomes will include @entity2 and treatment specific morbidity and mortality rates, health status, predictors of disease specific outcomes and cost-effectiveness. PIVOT will provide a 90% power to detect a 15% relative decrease in all cause mortality and a 35% relative decrease in @entity2 specific mortality rate by either treatment strategy.

title: The @entity2 Intervention Versus Observation Trial: a randomized trial comparing radical prostatectomy versus expectant management for the treatment of clinically localized XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity2 Intervention Versus Observation Trial (PIVOT) is a randomized controlled trial sponsored by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the National @entity1 Institute. PIVOT will enroll 2,000 @entity0 from at least 80 Veterans Administration and National @entity1 Institute medical centers. The purpose of PIVOT is to determine which of 2 strategies is superior for managing clinically localized @entity2 (stage T1/T2NXM0) of all histological grades. @entity0 less than 75 years old will be randomized to either radical prostatectomy with early intervention for disease persistence/recurrence or expectant management with palliative therapy reserved for symptomatic or metastatic disease progression. @entity0 will be excluded if they have received prior therapy for @entity2 (except transurethral resection of the prostate) or are judged not to be candidates for radical prostectomy. All @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity2 will be recorded on the PIVOT screening log. Registry information will include @entity0 age, race, @entity3 level, clinical stage, histological @entity1 grade, initial therapy, and vital status. @entity0 meeting eligibility criteria will watch an information and randomization video tape developed for PIVOT. @entity0 will be randomized over a 3-year period and followed for a minimum of 12 years. Data collected at followup will include urological symptoms, disease and treatment related morbidity, and disease specific and overall quality of life. Evidence of symptomatic or @entity4 persistence, recurrence or progression will be measured by questionnaire, physical examination, digital rectal examination, @entity3 and annual bone scan. The primary study end point will be all cause mortality. Secondary outcomes will include @entity2 and treatment specific morbidity and mortality rates, health status, predictors of disease specific outcomes and cost-effectiveness. PIVOT will provide a 90% power to detect a 15% relative decrease in all cause mortality and a 35% relative decrease in @entity2 specific mortality rate by either treatment strategy.

title: The XXXX Intervention Versus Observation Trial: a randomized trial comparing radical prostatectomy versus expectant management for the treatment of clinically localized @entity2 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determining the therapeutic efficacy of transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: Department of Urology, University Hospital Nijmegen, the Netherlands. METHOD: In the outpatient clinic, 130 @entity2 @entity0 (mean age: 65.9 years (SD: 6.9); mean prostatic volume 50.2 cm3 (SD: 18.4)) received TUMT in a single session lasting 60 min. The prostate was heated to above 45 degrees C by a microwave antenna in a urethral catheter, resulting in tissue @entity1 . In the first year after treatment the Madsen symptom score, maximal flow, residual volume, prostatic volume and concentration of @entity3 in blood were collected. RESULTS: After 1 year 98 @entity0 could be evaluated; of the other 32, 16 withdrew from follow-up, 10 underwent transurethral prostate resection and 6, other treatment. The maximal flow increased by 1.2 ml/s (SD: 4.0). The residual volume decreased by 15.8 ml (SD: 55.6). Symptom scores improved by 5.9 points (SD: 5.0). A 50% increase in symptom score was seen in 49.5% of all @entity0 ; 24.3% showed no improvement of complaints. There was no change in prostatic volume, whereas PSA concentration showed a transient increase in the first week after TUMT. Preliminary results after 6 months' follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled study in 50 @entity0 showed subjective and objective improvement of miction. CONCLUSION: TUMT results in distinct subjective improvement. Urodynamic findings show a less pronounced improvement.

title: [Transurethral microwave-thermotherapy in the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The association between gestational infection with @entity2 ) and fetal loss has increased interest in this virus and demand for diagnostic testing. However, serological assays for @entity2 are not yet widely available. Maternal serum @entity1 (MSAFP) testing is commonly used during the second trimester to screen for various fetal defects. We attempted to determine whether an elevated level of MSAFP would be an appropriate indication for @entity2 -specific tests. Over a 26-month period, MSAFP tests were performed at Michigan State University for 21 392 @entity0 . Sera remaining after that testing were stored frozen. Of these, 22 cases samples--from @entity0 with MSAFP levels greater than 3.0 multiples of the median (MOM) and pregnancies that ended in fetal loss--and 44 matched control samples--from @entity0 with MSAFP levels greater than 0.4 and less than 2.2 MOM and live births at term--were tested for @entity2 antibodies. None of the 66 samples was IgM positive, while 33 (50 per cent) were IgG positive. The presence of IgG was not significantly associated with case or control status (matched odds ratio = 0.77, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.28-2.11). These findings are consistent with other studies indicating prior infection in approximately half of adults and suggest that elevated screening MSAFP levels, in the absence of other evidence of @entity2 infection, should not prompt @entity2 -specific testing.

title: Screening maternal serum XXXX levels and human parvovirus antibodies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Morphometry, or quantitative image analysis, offers great promise in characterizing the various histologic types of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), but to date, a systematic study of the tissue components is lacking. Thus we employed morphometry to examine the distribution of primary @entity2 tissues throughout whole @entity0 prostates. METHODS: The prostate glands of 20 @entity0 with @entity2 were removed for @entity1 and subjected to a uniform, comprehensive, systematic quantification of the primary @entity2 tissue components using the technique of digitization and point-count morphometry. RESULTS: We found the following average volumes among the 20 glands: epithelium, 19.9% (S.D. 5.1%, range 11.7% to 30.8%); fibromuscular stroma, 50.4% (S.D. 9.4%, range 32.2% to 74.4%); glandular lumina, 29.7% (S.D. 8.9%, range 11.9% to 47.5%). Within the individual prostates, we found symmetry in primary @entity2 tissue distribution, except that the outer prostate was on average 25% richer in epithelium than the inner prostate (p < 0.05). When tissue composition was determined in simulated biopsy specimens, corrected for radial (ie, inner vs outer gland) orientation, the correlation with whole-organ composition was statistically significant for "percentage epithelium" (r = 0.72, p < 0.01) and for "stromal/epithelial ratio" (r = 0.63, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Major differences in primary tissue composition may separate different @entity3 prostates. Primary @entity2 tissues are rather symmetrically distributed within individual prostates. Quantitative histologic differences between prostates, potentially important in clinical decision-making may be accurately diagnosed by morphometry of radially oriented biopsy specimens.

title: Morphometry of the prostate: I. Distribution of tissue components in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the positive effects of @entity9 were maintained even after five years of treatment. Starting from 2008 to today, we treated 624 @entity0 , not well controlled by current therapy, with the addition of @entity9 100mg/die. @entity0 included 216 subjects treated with @entity3 , 206 treated with @entity7 , and 202 treated with @entity8 . @entity9 was added to @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity8 in monotherapy, respectively, and the data were compared with those of 620 @entity0 treated with @entity7 + @entity3 , @entity8 + @entity3 and @entity8 + @entity7 matched for age, sex, @entity1 duration. We recorded that the addition of @entity9 to current hypoglycemic therapy led to a reduction of HbA1c similar to that obtained with @entity7 after two years. After five years of treatment, changes in @entity5 c suggest a better glycemic control over the long term with @entity9 compared to other treatments, particularly when compared with @entity7 . The other parameters evaluated as fasting plasma @entity2 , post-prandial plasma @entity2 and @entity4 levels, confirm the trends observed for the value of HbA1c. Regarding BMI, it increased with @entity7 and @entity8 compared to @entity9 . @entity0 treated with @entity7 had a higher incidence of @entity6 compared to @entity9 . In conclusion, @entity9 seems to maintain its positive effects on glycemia and fasting plasma @entity4 on the long term.

title: @entity9 in XXXX : Efficacy after five years of therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the positive effects of @entity9 were maintained even after five years of treatment. Starting from 2008 to today, we treated 624 @entity0 , not well controlled by current therapy, with the addition of @entity9 100mg/die. @entity0 included 216 subjects treated with @entity3 , 206 treated with @entity7 , and 202 treated with @entity8 . @entity9 was added to @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity8 in monotherapy, respectively, and the data were compared with those of 620 @entity0 treated with @entity7 + @entity3 , @entity8 + @entity3 and @entity8 + @entity7 matched for age, sex, @entity1 duration. We recorded that the addition of @entity9 to current hypoglycemic therapy led to a reduction of HbA1c similar to that obtained with @entity7 after two years. After five years of treatment, changes in @entity5 c suggest a better glycemic control over the long term with @entity9 compared to other treatments, particularly when compared with @entity7 . The other parameters evaluated as fasting plasma @entity2 , post-prandial plasma @entity2 and @entity4 levels, confirm the trends observed for the value of HbA1c. Regarding BMI, it increased with @entity7 and @entity8 compared to @entity9 . @entity0 treated with @entity7 had a higher incidence of @entity6 compared to @entity9 . In conclusion, @entity9 seems to maintain its positive effects on glycemia and fasting plasma @entity4 on the long term.

title: XXXX in @entity1 : Efficacy after five years of therapy.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4 due to metastatic @entity1 , though rare, can account for the occurrence of @entity5 even in the presence of hepatic metastases. The present report aims at reviewing our experience with the palliative treatment of these @entity0 . METHODS: During a 5-yr period, 11 @entity0 with @entity5 had documented @entity4 secondary to metastatic @entity1 . Their clinical records were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Nonoperative drainage was performed in eight @entity0 by either the endoscopic (n = 5) or percutaneous (n = 3) route. Palliation was achieved in six @entity0 with a mean hospital stay of 24.5 days (14% of survival). Three @entity0 died of @entity2 before a drainage procedure could be performed. Blocked stent and @entity3 were noted in two @entity0 . The mean survival was 5 months in the drainage group. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of @entity5 in @entity0 with metastatic @entity1 deserves routine investigation to exclude @entity4 . Endoprosthesis insertion by nonoperative means should be considered for palliation.

title: Palliation for @entity4 by metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4 due to metastatic @entity1 , though rare, can account for the occurrence of @entity5 even in the presence of hepatic metastases. The present report aims at reviewing our experience with the palliative treatment of these @entity0 . METHODS: During a 5-yr period, 11 @entity0 with @entity5 had documented @entity4 secondary to metastatic @entity1 . Their clinical records were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Nonoperative drainage was performed in eight @entity0 by either the endoscopic (n = 5) or percutaneous (n = 3) route. Palliation was achieved in six @entity0 with a mean hospital stay of 24.5 days (14% of survival). Three @entity0 died of @entity2 before a drainage procedure could be performed. Blocked stent and @entity3 were noted in two @entity0 . The mean survival was 5 months in the drainage group. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of @entity5 in @entity0 with metastatic @entity1 deserves routine investigation to exclude @entity4 . Endoprosthesis insertion by nonoperative means should be considered for palliation.

title: Palliation for XXXX by metastatic @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: No data exist regarding the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) rate in adolescents aged 12-15 in South Korea. Only a Korean few studies have attempted to investigate the factors influencing sexually transmitted @entity0 among adolescents. AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-reported @entity2 contraction rate and analyse individual and family factors that influence this rate among middle school students aged 12-15 in South Korea. METHODS: Using statistics from the 8th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, secondary data analysis was conducted. The study sample consisted of 714 individuals who had reported initiating sexual intercourse. RESULTS: The rate of self-reported sexually transmitted contraction was 13.5%. The following factors predicted @entity2 contraction: second year of middle school, excellent @entity3 achievement, habitual or purposeful drug use, first intercourse before middle school, intercourse after drinking @entity1 , weekly allowance, and living without family predicted @entity2 contraction. LIMITATIONS: The parental data were collected by the self-reported surveys in a cross-sectional manner and questions of @entity2 contraction and intercourse after drinking may have confused the subjects. CONCLUSION: We need to utilize these predictors in providing adolescents with sexual health interventions and establishing adolescent sexual health policies. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICIES: Increased sex education and employment of a school nurse in each middle school are needed. High-risk students need to be monitored given the predictors of @entity2 contraction, and the school health personnel need to inform female students and their parents the importance of seeing a gynaecologist for regular check-ups.

title: Factors influencing sexually transmitted XXXX among adolescents in South Korea.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The in vivo rodent alkaline comet assay (comet assay) is a promising technique to evaluate DNA damage in vivo. However, there is no agreement on a method to evaluate DNA damage in organs where @entity1 is observed. As a part of the Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM)-initiative international validation study of the comet assay, we examined DNA damage in the liver, stomach, and bone marrow of @entity0 given three oral doses of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) up to the maximum tolerated dose based on systemic @entity1 . @entity3 significantly increased the % tail DNA in all the organs. Histopathological analysis showed no cytotoxic effect on the liver, indicating clearly that @entity3 has a genotoxic potential in the liver. In the stomach, however, the cytotoxic effects were very severe at systemically non-toxic doses. Low-dose @entity3 significantly increased the % tail DNA even at a non-cytotoxic dose, indicating that @entity3 has a genotoxic potential also in the stomach. Part of the DNA damage at cytotoxic doses was considered to be a secondary effect of severe cell damage. In the bone marrow, both the % tail DNA and incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes significantly increased at non-hematotoxic doses, which were different from the non-cytotoxic doses for liver and stomach. These findings indicate that an optimal dose for detecting DNA damage may vary among organs and that careful attention is required to select an optimum dose for the comet assay based on systemic @entity1 such as mortality and clinical observations. The present study shows that when serious @entity1 is suggested by increased % hedgehogs in the comet assay, histopathological examination should be included for the evaluation of a positive response.

title: Optimal dose selection of @entity2 for the @entity0 comet assay to evaluate DNA damage in organs with different susceptibility to XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The in vivo rodent alkaline comet assay (comet assay) is a promising technique to evaluate DNA damage in vivo. However, there is no agreement on a method to evaluate DNA damage in organs where @entity1 is observed. As a part of the Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM)-initiative international validation study of the comet assay, we examined DNA damage in the liver, stomach, and bone marrow of @entity0 given three oral doses of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) up to the maximum tolerated dose based on systemic @entity1 . @entity3 significantly increased the % tail DNA in all the organs. Histopathological analysis showed no cytotoxic effect on the liver, indicating clearly that @entity3 has a genotoxic potential in the liver. In the stomach, however, the cytotoxic effects were very severe at systemically non-toxic doses. Low-dose @entity3 significantly increased the % tail DNA even at a non-cytotoxic dose, indicating that @entity3 has a genotoxic potential also in the stomach. Part of the DNA damage at cytotoxic doses was considered to be a secondary effect of severe cell damage. In the bone marrow, both the % tail DNA and incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes significantly increased at non-hematotoxic doses, which were different from the non-cytotoxic doses for liver and stomach. These findings indicate that an optimal dose for detecting DNA damage may vary among organs and that careful attention is required to select an optimum dose for the comet assay based on systemic @entity1 such as mortality and clinical observations. The present study shows that when serious @entity1 is suggested by increased % hedgehogs in the comet assay, histopathological examination should be included for the evaluation of a positive response.

title: Optimal dose selection of XXXX for the @entity0 comet assay to evaluate DNA damage in organs with different susceptibility to @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The in vivo rodent alkaline comet assay (comet assay) is a promising technique to evaluate DNA damage in vivo. However, there is no agreement on a method to evaluate DNA damage in organs where @entity1 is observed. As a part of the Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM)-initiative international validation study of the comet assay, we examined DNA damage in the liver, stomach, and bone marrow of @entity0 given three oral doses of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) up to the maximum tolerated dose based on systemic @entity1 . @entity3 significantly increased the % tail DNA in all the organs. Histopathological analysis showed no cytotoxic effect on the liver, indicating clearly that @entity3 has a genotoxic potential in the liver. In the stomach, however, the cytotoxic effects were very severe at systemically non-toxic doses. Low-dose @entity3 significantly increased the % tail DNA even at a non-cytotoxic dose, indicating that @entity3 has a genotoxic potential also in the stomach. Part of the DNA damage at cytotoxic doses was considered to be a secondary effect of severe cell damage. In the bone marrow, both the % tail DNA and incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes significantly increased at non-hematotoxic doses, which were different from the non-cytotoxic doses for liver and stomach. These findings indicate that an optimal dose for detecting DNA damage may vary among organs and that careful attention is required to select an optimum dose for the comet assay based on systemic @entity1 such as mortality and clinical observations. The present study shows that when serious @entity1 is suggested by increased % hedgehogs in the comet assay, histopathological examination should be included for the evaluation of a positive response.

title: Optimal dose selection of @entity2 for the XXXX comet assay to evaluate DNA damage in organs with different susceptibility to @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In an open, prospective 12 month study of @entity3 (PD), 42 @entity1 @entity0 diagnosed according to DSM-III were treated with a fixed depot interval and an individual dose, guided by gas chromatographic @entity2 plasma concentration monitoring combined with clinical evaluation. Degree of illness was rated using a social-psychiatric CGI-scale and extrapyramidal side effects were evaluated by means of a modified Simpson and Angus rating scale. After six months of treatment, a statistically significant improvement was found (p less than 0.001). During the last six months a further slight reduction in mean CGI-scores was observed. Mild to moderate extrapyramidal side effects occurred in 9 @entity0 (21%) principally during the initial phase of therapy. No other side effects or changes in blood chemistry were found during the study. Plasma concentrations of @entity2 increased during the initial 3 months and stabilized hereafter. There were however, large intra- and inter-individual variations in the @entity2 plasma concentration/dose ratio. In addition, it was observed that plasma concentrations of @entity2 were significantly higher in @entity0 who had been treated with neuroleptics for more than 10 years compared to those who had been treated 5 years or less. This observation indicates gradual development of tolerance to neuroleptic treatment. This study demonstrates that PD is a safe and effective remedy for maintenance therapy in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Long-term depot neuroleptic treatment with XXXX . I. Efficacy and side effects in a 12 month study of 42 drug monitored @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In an open, prospective 12 month study of @entity3 (PD), 42 @entity1 @entity0 diagnosed according to DSM-III were treated with a fixed depot interval and an individual dose, guided by gas chromatographic @entity2 plasma concentration monitoring combined with clinical evaluation. Degree of illness was rated using a social-psychiatric CGI-scale and extrapyramidal side effects were evaluated by means of a modified Simpson and Angus rating scale. After six months of treatment, a statistically significant improvement was found (p less than 0.001). During the last six months a further slight reduction in mean CGI-scores was observed. Mild to moderate extrapyramidal side effects occurred in 9 @entity0 (21%) principally during the initial phase of therapy. No other side effects or changes in blood chemistry were found during the study. Plasma concentrations of @entity2 increased during the initial 3 months and stabilized hereafter. There were however, large intra- and inter-individual variations in the @entity2 plasma concentration/dose ratio. In addition, it was observed that plasma concentrations of @entity2 were significantly higher in @entity0 who had been treated with neuroleptics for more than 10 years compared to those who had been treated 5 years or less. This observation indicates gradual development of tolerance to neuroleptic treatment. This study demonstrates that PD is a safe and effective remedy for maintenance therapy in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Long-term depot neuroleptic treatment with @entity3 . I. Efficacy and side effects in a 12 month study of 42 drug monitored XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In an open, prospective 12 month study of @entity3 (PD), 42 @entity1 @entity0 diagnosed according to DSM-III were treated with a fixed depot interval and an individual dose, guided by gas chromatographic @entity2 plasma concentration monitoring combined with clinical evaluation. Degree of illness was rated using a social-psychiatric CGI-scale and extrapyramidal side effects were evaluated by means of a modified Simpson and Angus rating scale. After six months of treatment, a statistically significant improvement was found (p less than 0.001). During the last six months a further slight reduction in mean CGI-scores was observed. Mild to moderate extrapyramidal side effects occurred in 9 @entity0 (21%) principally during the initial phase of therapy. No other side effects or changes in blood chemistry were found during the study. Plasma concentrations of @entity2 increased during the initial 3 months and stabilized hereafter. There were however, large intra- and inter-individual variations in the @entity2 plasma concentration/dose ratio. In addition, it was observed that plasma concentrations of @entity2 were significantly higher in @entity0 who had been treated with neuroleptics for more than 10 years compared to those who had been treated 5 years or less. This observation indicates gradual development of tolerance to neuroleptic treatment. This study demonstrates that PD is a safe and effective remedy for maintenance therapy in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Long-term depot neuroleptic treatment with @entity3 . I. Efficacy and side effects in a 12 month study of 42 drug monitored @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The extravasation of T cells at sites of @entity1 is critically dependent on the activity of homing receptors (HR) involved in endothelial cell recognition and binding. Two such HR (the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen [CLA] and @entity6 ) have been shown to be selectively involved in T cell migration to skin and peripheral lymph nodes, respectively. This study was designed to assess the relationship between the organ specificity of an @entity2 to food and the expression of HR on T cells activated in vitro by the relevant food allergen. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from seven milk @entity2 @entity0 with a history of @entity5 when exposed to milk. All @entity0 had a positive prick skin test and double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge to milk. 10 @entity0 with either @entity2 @entity10 or milk-induced @entity7 and 8 nonatopic adults served as controls. Five-parameter flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies was used for detection of the specific HR on freshly isolated T cells versus T cell blasts induced by a 6-d incubation with casein, as compared with @entity8 . After in vitro stimulation with casein, but not @entity8 , @entity0 with @entity9 and @entity4 had a significantly greater percentage of CLA+ T cells (P < 0.01) than controls with milk-induced @entity7 , @entity2 @entity10 , or nonatopic healthy controls. In contrast, the percentage of @entity6 -expressing T cells did not differ significantly between these groups. These data suggest that after casein stimulation @entity2 @entity0 with milk-induced @entity3 have an expanded population of CLA+ T cells, as compared with nonatopics or @entity2 @entity0 without skin involvement. We postulate that heterogeneity in the regulation of HR expression on antigen-specific T cells may play a role in determining sites of involvement in tissue-directed @entity2 responses.

title: Milk-induced XXXX is associated with the expansion of T cells expressing cutaneous lymphocyte antigen.

answer: @entity5


abstract: During the 30-year period 1955-1985, 21 @entity0 with @entity1 of the major salivary glands were treated at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. A thorough review of the English literature revealed an additional 472 cases. The cases were studied as to age, sex, site, histopathologic characteristics, mode of treatment, and results. The majority of the @entity0 were between 8 and 20 years of age. There was a female preponderance of 1.42:1. The parotid gland was the site of origin in 85.1%, the submandibular in 11.7%, and the sublingual in 3.2%. An equal incidence of benign (50.1%) and malignant (49.9%) lesions is noted. @entity4 was the most common benign @entity1 and @entity3 the most common @entity1 . The final prognosis seems to be similar with superficial or total parotidectomy, provided the @entity1 has been completely removed at the initial surgery. Re-excision is recommended for @entity1 recurrence, and the use of radiation therapy should be individually determined in cases of @entity2 .

title: Tumors of the major salivary glands in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND Primary @entity3 (PMME) is a rare @entity2 with a poor prognosis. It is often difficult to differentiate from non-epithelial @entity2 , and immunohistochemical staining may be needed to diagnose the condition. The mainstay of treatment is usually surgical with curative or palliative intent, since radio- and chemotherapy do not really improve the outcome. The average survival rate after surgery is 34.5 months. At the time of diagnosis, 40-80% of cases have local regional lymph node @entity1 . CASE REPORT The case of a 67-year-old male @entity0 with PMME is reported. He presented with progressive @entity5 . A computerized tomography was performed in which a polypoid mass was observed in the distal esophagus. It was originally suspected to be an @entity4 , but was subsequently correctly diagnosed by immunohistochemical staining with HMB-45 antibody and by the presence of @entity6 protein. A subtotal esophagectomy was performed. CONCLUSIONS Very few cases of PMME have been reported in the literature and there is only limited clinical experience with this disease. Therefore, it is very difficult to establish clear criteria for clinical recognition of this type of @entity3 . Early histopathological confirmation of the character is essential for further treatment in case of confirmation of malignancy.

title: Primary XXXX : A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In Africa, the beta-globin gene cluster haplotype may be associated with variation of Hb F levels in subjects with @entity3 (SS). These observations have not yet been conclusively confirmed in SS out of Africa, perhaps because of small sample sizes, the predominance of haplotype heterozygotes, and diverse influences, including gender, upon Hb F levels. We studied 384 adult African-American SS @entity0 (mean age, 31 years) and explored the relationship of gender, beta-globin gene cluster haplotype, and alpha @entity2 to hematological values and Hb F levels. Both haplotype and gender influenced Hb F concentration. In the total sample, Hb F was higher in females than in males (8.2 vs. 6.5%). In 35 males who were either homozygous for the Senegal chromosome or had the Senegal/Benin haplotype, the mean percent Hb F (8.0%) was equivalent to the Hb F level in females with Benin and Bantu haplotypes (approximately 7.5%). Both females and males homozygous for the Senegal haplotype chromosome or with the Senegal/Benin combination had a significant increase in Hb F compared to other groups. In 44 Senegal/Senegal or Senegal/Benin females the Hb F was 10.9%, or 1.0 g/dl, the highest value observed in all primary analysis groups. Preliminary analyses suggested that the presence of a Bantu chromosome blunted the gender-associated difference in Hb F, but Hb F differences between females with the Senegal/Benin haplotype (11.2%) and the Senegal/Bantu haplotype (8.8%) were not statistically significant. Hemoglobin concentrations were higher in males than in females except in subjects with at least one Senegal haplotype chromosome, where hemoglobin levels were equal. As expected, alpha @entity2 reduced the MCV, increased hemoglobin concentration, and lowered reticulocyte counts, regardless of haplotype. Hb F levels were not affected by the presence of alpha @entity2 in any group. We conclude that gender and beta-globin gene cluster haplotype interact significantly in the modulation of Hb F and @entity1 in adults with SS.

title: Gender and haplotype effects upon hematological manifestations of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is associated with increased risks of developing @entity3 and @entity4 2 @entity1 . @entity8 is also a known @entity3 factor. In @entity2 patients, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels tend to be higher than in lean controls. The objective of this study was to assess potential associations between serum TSH levels and @entity6 as well as individual components of @entity6 . METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study of @entity2 and @entity10 @entity0 seen for initial evaluation at the Boston Medical Center weight-management clinic between February 1, 2013 and February 1, 2014. Demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data including serum TSH, insulin, @entity7 , hemoglobin A1c, and lipid levels were obtained from electronic medical records. Associations between serum TSH levels and presence of @entity6 and its components were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 3,447 @entity0 , 75.6% female and 38% African American, without known @entity8 , were included. Mean    SD age was 46.74    15.11 years, and mean    SD body mass index was 36.06    9.89 kg/m(2). Among 1,005 @entity0 without missing data, the prevalence of @entity6 was 71.84%. In @entity0 with @entity6 , the median serum TSH was 1.41  IU/mL, compared with 1.36  IU/mL in @entity0 without @entity6 (P = .45). In multivariate models, there was no significant association between serum TSH levels and the presence of @entity6 , adjusting for age, sex, race, education, socioeconomic status, and smoking. There were also no significant associations between serum TSH and individual components of the @entity6 . CONCLUSION: Serum TSH level does not appear to be a potentially modifiable risk factor for @entity6 in @entity2 and @entity10 individuals. ABBREVIATIONS: BMI = body mass index FT4 = free @entity9 HDL-C = high-density-lipoprotein @entity5 @entity11 c = hemoglobin A1c @entity6 = @entity6 SE = standard error TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone.

title: THYROID FUNCTION AND METABOLIC SYNDROME: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN OBESE AND OVERWEIGHT XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 , the dorsal-ventral (D-V) axis of the oocyte is dependent on Gurken ( @entity1 ) protein distribution. This is achieved through the cytoplasmic localization of @entity1 mRNA and regulation of its translation. During mid-late stages of oogenesis, @entity1 mRNA and protein are localized to the dorsal-anterior of the oocyte, while unlocalized @entity1 transcripts are translationally silenced. As females carrying mutations in the gene encoding the CPEB protein @entity2 lay ventralized eggs due to insufficient @entity1 levels, it seemed likely that cytoplasmic polyadenylation of @entity1 transcripts may play a role in their translational regulation. RESULTS: We have found that @entity1 is polyadenylated throughout oogenesis, with poly(A) tails of approximately 30-50 A residues. Hyperadenylated @entity1 transcripts, with poly(A) tails of 50-90 As, are detected in late stage egg chambers, but they fail to accumulate in oocytes deficient in @entity2 or the poly(A) polymerase Wispy ( @entity3 ). @entity3 females also lay weakly ventralized eggs, demonstrating that they produce inadequate amounts of @entity1 . Finally, unlocalized @entity1 transcripts are also not appropriately hyperadenylated. CONCLUSIONS: Localized cytoplasmic polyadenylation of @entity1 mRNA by @entity3 and @entity2 is necessary to achieve appropriate @entity1 protein accumulation in the D/A corner of the oocyte during mid to late oogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 244:1276-1285, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Wispy and XXXX cooperate in the cytoplasmic polyadenylation of localized gurken mRNA.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Trigeminal @entity1 is a sudden, severe condition characterized by stabbing and recurrent @entity2 . Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) and pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) are common surgical interventions used to treat @entity6 . This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and associated complications of a combination of RFT and PRF in the treatment of @entity6 . Computed tomography-guided percutaneous RFT of the Gasserian ganglion was performed on 80 @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity0 were randomly assigned to either group A (RFT at 70  C) or group B (RFT at 75  C). @entity0 in each group were divided into 2 subgroups, receiving percutaneous RFT (240 s) with or without PRF (42  C, 2 Hz, 240 s). Six months later, @entity2 relief and complication status were evaluated. There was no significant difference in visual analogue scores among groups with RFT at 70   or 75  C, with or without PRF. Data showed that @entity5 and postoperative @entity4 recovered more rapidly in @entity0 receiving combined RFT and PRF treatment. Decreased corneal reflex was relieved to a significantly greater extent in groups receiving PRF than those without. Thus, compared to the use of RFT at 75  C alone, the combination of PRF and RFT helped eliminate @entity3 , such as @entity5 , @entity4 , and decreased corneal reflex, indicating that it could be useful for surgically treating @entity6 .

title: Radiofrequency thermocoagulation combined with pulsed radiofrequency helps relieve @entity3 of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Trigeminal @entity1 is a sudden, severe condition characterized by stabbing and recurrent @entity2 . Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) and pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) are common surgical interventions used to treat @entity6 . This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and associated complications of a combination of RFT and PRF in the treatment of @entity6 . Computed tomography-guided percutaneous RFT of the Gasserian ganglion was performed on 80 @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity0 were randomly assigned to either group A (RFT at 70  C) or group B (RFT at 75  C). @entity0 in each group were divided into 2 subgroups, receiving percutaneous RFT (240 s) with or without PRF (42  C, 2 Hz, 240 s). Six months later, @entity2 relief and complication status were evaluated. There was no significant difference in visual analogue scores among groups with RFT at 70   or 75  C, with or without PRF. Data showed that @entity5 and postoperative @entity4 recovered more rapidly in @entity0 receiving combined RFT and PRF treatment. Decreased corneal reflex was relieved to a significantly greater extent in groups receiving PRF than those without. Thus, compared to the use of RFT at 75  C alone, the combination of PRF and RFT helped eliminate @entity3 , such as @entity5 , @entity4 , and decreased corneal reflex, indicating that it could be useful for surgically treating @entity6 .

title: Radiofrequency thermocoagulation combined with pulsed radiofrequency helps relieve XXXX of @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Mid-lactation Holstein @entity0 (n = 4) were used to evaluate the effects of complete feed deprivation on circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and their binding proteins (IGFBP). Comparisons were made between @entity0 in fed and unfed conditions and included response to a single injection of @entity0 somatotropin (bST). Two days of feed deprivation decreased milk yield 66%. Concentrations of bST nearly doubled during feed deprivation, whereas @entity1 and insulin steadily decreased. Circulating concentrations of @entity2 decreased nearly 50%, @entity3 decreased 28% and @entity4 increased 49% during the 2 d of feed deprivation. In contrast, @entity5 was not affected. Eighteen to 24 h after the bST challenge, circulating concentrations of @entity2 rose 100% during the fed period, but there was no response during the unfed period. Blood concentrations of @entity3 decreased 17% after bST challenge in the fed period but were unchanged in the unfed period. More moderate undernutrition (80% of requirements) did not affect circulating @entity4 but did alter the response of @entity4 to bST. A conceptual model was developed that illustrates that nutritional regulation of the ST/IGF system represents a key component signaling the appropriate use of nutrients. Overall, results demonstrate that nutritional modulation of the ST/IGF system plays a key role in animal performance and well-being over a wide range of physiological situations.

title: Nutritional modulation of the somatotropin/insulin-like growth factor system: response to feed deprivation in lactating XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the influence of @entity0 ' pretreatment characteristics on the adherence-outcome relation in cognitive therapy (CT) for @entity2 . In a sample of 57 @entity2 adults participating in CT, the authors examined interactions between pretreatment @entity0 characteristics and therapist adherence in predicting session-to-session symptom change. METHOD: Using items from the Collaborative Study Psychotherapy Rating Scale, the authors assessed 3 facets of therapist adherence: cognitive methods, negotiating/structuring, and behavioral methods/homework. Two graduate students rated Sessions 1-4 for adherence. Symptoms were assessed prior to each session with the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Moderators were assessed as part of @entity0 ' intake evaluations. RESULTS: After correcting for multiple comparisons, @entity0 gender remained a significant moderator of the relationship between cognitive methods and next-session symptom change; cognitive methods more strongly predicted greater symptom improvement for @entity0 as compared to @entity0 . Pretreatment @entity1 and number of prior @entity2 episodes were significant moderators of the relationship between behavioral methods/homework and next-session symptom change, with greater behavioral methods/homework predicting symptom improvement more strongly among @entity0 high in pretreatment @entity1 and among @entity0 with relatively few prior @entity2 episodes. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to provide evidence of how therapist adherence is differentially related to outcome among @entity2 @entity0 with different characteristics. If replicated, these findings may inform clinical decisions regarding the use of specific facets of adherence in CT for @entity2 with specific @entity0 . (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Identifying moderators of the adherence-outcome relation in cognitive therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an aggressive disease accounting for more than 260,000 @entity2 cases diagnosed and 128,000 @entity4 worldwide. A large majority of @entity2 @entity4 result from @entity2 that have metastasized beyond the primary @entity2 . The relationship between genetic changes and clinical outcome can reflect the biological events that promote @entity2 's @entity3 , and these can serve as molecular markers for improved @entity0 management and survival. To this end, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major process that promotes @entity2 invasion and @entity1 , making EMT-related proteins attractive diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to study the expression of a panel of transcription factors ( @entity7 , @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity10 ) and other genes intimately related to EMT ( @entity6 and @entity8 ) at the invasive @entity2 front of @entity5 tissues. The association between the expression of these proteins and clinico-pathological parameters were examined with Pearson Chi-square and correlation with survival was analyzed using Kaplan Meier analysis. Our results demonstrate that there was a significant differential expression of @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity11 and @entity7 between @entity5 and normal oral mucosa (NOM). Specifically, @entity6 loss was significantly associated with Broder's grading, while diffused @entity8 was similarly associated with non-cohesive pattern of invasion. Notably, co-expression of @entity7 and @entity10 in @entity5 was significantly associated with poorer overall survival, particularly in @entity0 without detectable lymph node @entity1 . This study demonstrates that EMT-related proteins are differentially expressed in @entity5 and that the co-expression of @entity7 and @entity10 could be of clinical value in identifying @entity0 with poor survival for appropriate @entity0 management.

title: Co-Expression of @entity7 and @entity10 in XXXX Is Associated with Poor Survival.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an aggressive disease accounting for more than 260,000 @entity2 cases diagnosed and 128,000 @entity4 worldwide. A large majority of @entity2 @entity4 result from @entity2 that have metastasized beyond the primary @entity2 . The relationship between genetic changes and clinical outcome can reflect the biological events that promote @entity2 's @entity3 , and these can serve as molecular markers for improved @entity0 management and survival. To this end, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major process that promotes @entity2 invasion and @entity1 , making EMT-related proteins attractive diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to study the expression of a panel of transcription factors ( @entity7 , @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity10 ) and other genes intimately related to EMT ( @entity6 and @entity8 ) at the invasive @entity2 front of @entity5 tissues. The association between the expression of these proteins and clinico-pathological parameters were examined with Pearson Chi-square and correlation with survival was analyzed using Kaplan Meier analysis. Our results demonstrate that there was a significant differential expression of @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity11 and @entity7 between @entity5 and normal oral mucosa (NOM). Specifically, @entity6 loss was significantly associated with Broder's grading, while diffused @entity8 was similarly associated with non-cohesive pattern of invasion. Notably, co-expression of @entity7 and @entity10 in @entity5 was significantly associated with poorer overall survival, particularly in @entity0 without detectable lymph node @entity1 . This study demonstrates that EMT-related proteins are differentially expressed in @entity5 and that the co-expression of @entity7 and @entity10 could be of clinical value in identifying @entity0 with poor survival for appropriate @entity0 management.

title: Co-Expression of XXXX and @entity10 in @entity5 Is Associated with Poor Survival.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an aggressive disease accounting for more than 260,000 @entity2 cases diagnosed and 128,000 @entity4 worldwide. A large majority of @entity2 @entity4 result from @entity2 that have metastasized beyond the primary @entity2 . The relationship between genetic changes and clinical outcome can reflect the biological events that promote @entity2 's @entity3 , and these can serve as molecular markers for improved @entity0 management and survival. To this end, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major process that promotes @entity2 invasion and @entity1 , making EMT-related proteins attractive diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to study the expression of a panel of transcription factors ( @entity7 , @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity10 ) and other genes intimately related to EMT ( @entity6 and @entity8 ) at the invasive @entity2 front of @entity5 tissues. The association between the expression of these proteins and clinico-pathological parameters were examined with Pearson Chi-square and correlation with survival was analyzed using Kaplan Meier analysis. Our results demonstrate that there was a significant differential expression of @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity11 and @entity7 between @entity5 and normal oral mucosa (NOM). Specifically, @entity6 loss was significantly associated with Broder's grading, while diffused @entity8 was similarly associated with non-cohesive pattern of invasion. Notably, co-expression of @entity7 and @entity10 in @entity5 was significantly associated with poorer overall survival, particularly in @entity0 without detectable lymph node @entity1 . This study demonstrates that EMT-related proteins are differentially expressed in @entity5 and that the co-expression of @entity7 and @entity10 could be of clinical value in identifying @entity0 with poor survival for appropriate @entity0 management.

title: Co-Expression of @entity7 and XXXX in @entity5 Is Associated with Poor Survival.

answer: @entity10


abstract: During allograft rejection, adhesion molecules play an integral role in infiltration, activation, and binding of effector cells to target tissue. Some adhesion molecules, including @entity1 and @entity2 , exist in soluble, circulating forms that retain ligand-binding activity. In the present study the levels of circulating @entity1 (cICAM-1) and @entity2 (cVCAM-1) were compared in the serum and bile of pediatric liver recipients. The cICAM-1 was significantly elevated in the serum during allograft rejection and @entity0 relative to periods when no rejection was apparent. Biliary cICAM-1, however, was specifically elevated during rejection and not during @entity0 or when no rejection was apparent. The cVCAM-1 levels were elevated in the serum during rejection compared with levels when no rejection was evident. In contrast, cVCAM-1 was not detected in the bile. Serum levels of both cICAM-1 and cVCAM-1 decreased rapidly following successful treatment for rejection, whereas elevated levels persisted, or increased, in ongoing rejection. The differential patterns of the circulating forms of @entity1 and cVCAM-1 were consistent with the membrane expression of these molecules during graft rejection. @entity1 expression was extensive on bile duct epithelium, endothelium, hepatocytes, and infiltrating leukocytes during rejection, while @entity2 was restricted to endothelium. These findings indicate that the release of circulating adhesion molecules is a prominent feature of liver allograft rejection. Measurement of these markers may be useful in distinguishing rejection from @entity0 and in determining the efficacy of treatment for rejection.

title: Differential patterns of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( XXXX (cVCAM-1) during liver allograft rejection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 (NO) has been implicated in the pathologic vasodilation of @entity2 . Because NO can be measured in the exhaled gas of animals and @entity0 , we hypothesized that increases in exhaled NO would occur in a septic model. Using a blinded design, 10 male @entity1 (300 to 400 g) were anesthetized, paralyzed, tracheotomized, and randomized (5/group) to receive an intravenous injection of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Salmonella typhosa, 20 mg/kg) or placebo (equal volume of saline). Thereafter, exhaled gas was collected and measurements of NO concentration were made using chemiluminescence every 20 min for 300 min during ventilation (RR 40 breaths/min, VT 3 ml; PEEP 0, FIO2 0.21). Another group of 10 animals (5 LPS; 5 control) were treated in the same fashion and then killed at 240 min and an arterial blood sample obtained for blood gas and @entity5 determinations. Pressure volume (PV) curves were constructed and lungs removed, preserved, and submitted for histologic evaluation. LPS-treated @entity1 had lower mean arterial pressures than the control group, p < 0.0001. No significant differences in static lung compliance and PV curves were found in the two groups. @entity5 levels were greater in the LPS group (1.40 +/- 0.24 ng/ml) versus control group (0.09 +/- 0.04 ng/ml), p < 0.001. By contrast to the control group, exhaled NO concentration rose in all LPS-treated @entity1 at approximately 100 min and at about 160 min reached a plateau that was 6 times greater than control levels (p < 0.0001). There was greater interstitial, airspace, and @entity3 in the LPS group (p = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Increased @entity4 in exhaled gas as an early marker of lung inflammation in a model of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 (NO) has been implicated in the pathologic vasodilation of @entity2 . Because NO can be measured in the exhaled gas of animals and @entity0 , we hypothesized that increases in exhaled NO would occur in a septic model. Using a blinded design, 10 male @entity1 (300 to 400 g) were anesthetized, paralyzed, tracheotomized, and randomized (5/group) to receive an intravenous injection of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Salmonella typhosa, 20 mg/kg) or placebo (equal volume of saline). Thereafter, exhaled gas was collected and measurements of NO concentration were made using chemiluminescence every 20 min for 300 min during ventilation (RR 40 breaths/min, VT 3 ml; PEEP 0, FIO2 0.21). Another group of 10 animals (5 LPS; 5 control) were treated in the same fashion and then killed at 240 min and an arterial blood sample obtained for blood gas and @entity5 determinations. Pressure volume (PV) curves were constructed and lungs removed, preserved, and submitted for histologic evaluation. LPS-treated @entity1 had lower mean arterial pressures than the control group, p < 0.0001. No significant differences in static lung compliance and PV curves were found in the two groups. @entity5 levels were greater in the LPS group (1.40 +/- 0.24 ng/ml) versus control group (0.09 +/- 0.04 ng/ml), p < 0.001. By contrast to the control group, exhaled NO concentration rose in all LPS-treated @entity1 at approximately 100 min and at about 160 min reached a plateau that was 6 times greater than control levels (p < 0.0001). There was greater interstitial, airspace, and @entity3 in the LPS group (p = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Increased XXXX in exhaled gas as an early marker of lung inflammation in a model of @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Chronic intrauterine monitoring of electrocortical activity, eye movements, and electromyographic activity of the nuchal muscles has permitted the use of established polygraphic criteria to study the ontogenetic development of organized sleep-wake patterns in the fetal lamb in utero. Sixty-five polygraphic recordings obtained from 21 fetal @entity0 ranging from 112 to 144 days of gestation (term = 145 days) were analyzed. The results show that the transition from disorganized to organized behavioral state patterns occurs at approximately 115-120 days (0.8 term). The physiologic characteristics of the arousal, quiet sleep (QS), and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) states are qualitatively similar to those in the adult. There is initially a high proportion of @entity1 (greater than 50%), with only 11% time spent in arousal. The direct transition from arousal to @entity1 without a QS period is frequently seen in the fetus at all ages. Quantitative changes in the distribution of behavioral states continue throughout gestation. There is a significant decrease in the incidence of @entity1 , with a small increase in arousal and QS. The duration of QS and @entity1 episodes increases with age until a steady level is achieved by 130 days. There is also an increase in the frequency of occurrence of arousal periods, with no change in episode duration.

title: Prenatal development of sleep-wake patterns in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical course of all @entity0 with @entity7 treated at the Radiation Oncology Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri. Of 212 @entity0 treated from April 1954 through December 1982, 70 were treated with radiotherapy alone (XRT), 121 began immediate post-operative XRT (2-6 weeks) and 20 received XRT following surgical failure. Several sub-groups of @entity5 were identified and analyzed, including secreting versus non-secreting @entity5 (33.0% secreting) and by clinical syndrome; 27% with @entity9 / @entity10 , 18.4% acromegalic, @entity6 in 6.1% and 3.3% with @entity8 . The median follow-up time from the data of diagnosis for those @entity0 alive at the time of last follow-up was 11.9 years (range 3.0 to 30.0 years). Actuarial overall and disease-free survival was analyzed up to 25 years. The 10-year overall and disease-free survival was 77.8 and 75.3% for those @entity0 treated with XRT alone, 86.4 and 87.2% for those treated with immediate post-operative XRT and 100.0 and 87.5% for those who were irradiated after surgical failure. Complications related directly to XRT occurred in only five @entity0 . One @entity0 had documented central nervous system radionecrosis, two had @entity3 , and @entity1 necrosis with @entity4 occurred in the other two @entity0 . In conclusion, overall survival for all @entity0 did not significantly differ from an age, sex and race matched population. Control of @entity2 was greater for those @entity0 receiving surgery and post-operative XRT than for those receiving XRT only. XRT salvage of surgical failures was possible. Treatment with XRT results in a low complication rate.

title: Results of surgery and irradiation or irradiation alone for XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Effective palliation of @entity1 with conventional 10 or 12 French gauge straight @entity6 endoprostheses is limited by @entity5 , which typically occurs four to five months after insertion. Short term follow up studies of self expanding metal stents (Wallstent, Schneider, UK) in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity1 have shown that their use is associated with fewer episodes of @entity5 compared with plastic stents. There are few data, however, on the longterm patency and durability of metal stents in @entity1 . Between May 1989 and May 1992, metal stents were inserted in 28 @entity0 with @entity8 strictures secondary to ampullary @entity1 (n = 10), @entity9 (n = 10), @entity3 (n = 7), and porta hepatis nodes from @entity2 (n = 1). The follow up of these @entity0 until May 1993 is reported with a median follow up of 14.6 months. Twenty two of 28 (78.6%) @entity0 remained free of @entity7 or @entity4 . The median period of stent patency was 8.2 months (range 1.0-32.5). Thirteen @entity0 represented with @entity7 or @entity4 and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed evidence of @entity5 due to @entity1 ingrowth. Successful clearance of metal stents was achieved by balloon trawling, or insertion of a @entity6 stent. In conclusion, metal stents provide improved longterm palliation for @entity0 with @entity1 with fewer episodes of @entity5 compared with conventional stents.

title: A three year follow up of self expanding metal stents in the endoscopic palliation of longterm survivors with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 is a marker of progression in @entity2 . Previously we reported that @entity0 @entity2 cells derived from regional lymph node @entity1 had increased alpha v @entity3 -mediated adhesion to lymph node @entity5 . In the present study, the expression and function of @entity3 were further investigated with emphasis on the functional relationship between @entity3 and the @entity4 system of proteolysis. We found that @entity1 -derived @entity2 MeWo LNI 6I (6I) and MIM/8 LNI cells had a markedly increased expression of alpha v mRNA transcripts relative to the parent lines which was reflected in significantly elevated levels of the alpha v @entity3 heterodimers on the cell surface. These cells also expressed elevated levels of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) mRNA and had higher levels of surface bound urokinase plasminogen activator as detected by immunolabeling. To determine whether the expression of @entity7 and alpha v were linked, alpha v synthesis in the metastatic @entity2 cells was suppressed using alpha v antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. This resulted in a marked decrease in detectable alpha v mRNA and protein and a corresponding substratum-specific reduction in cell adhesion to @entity5 . When @entity7 expression in these cells was subsequently analyzed, we found a reduction of approximately 50% in @entity7 mRNA levels. On the other hand, ligation of the alpha v @entity3 receptor on the @entity2 cells by immobilized antibody resulted in a twofold increase in @entity7 mRNA. The results suggest that the expression of @entity7 in metastatic @entity2 cells is linked to the expression and function of the @entity5 receptor.

title: Coordinated expression of the @entity5 receptor and the @entity4 receptor in metastatic XXXX cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 is a marker of progression in @entity2 . Previously we reported that @entity0 @entity2 cells derived from regional lymph node @entity1 had increased alpha v @entity3 -mediated adhesion to lymph node @entity5 . In the present study, the expression and function of @entity3 were further investigated with emphasis on the functional relationship between @entity3 and the @entity4 system of proteolysis. We found that @entity1 -derived @entity2 MeWo LNI 6I (6I) and MIM/8 LNI cells had a markedly increased expression of alpha v mRNA transcripts relative to the parent lines which was reflected in significantly elevated levels of the alpha v @entity3 heterodimers on the cell surface. These cells also expressed elevated levels of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) mRNA and had higher levels of surface bound urokinase plasminogen activator as detected by immunolabeling. To determine whether the expression of @entity7 and alpha v were linked, alpha v synthesis in the metastatic @entity2 cells was suppressed using alpha v antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. This resulted in a marked decrease in detectable alpha v mRNA and protein and a corresponding substratum-specific reduction in cell adhesion to @entity5 . When @entity7 expression in these cells was subsequently analyzed, we found a reduction of approximately 50% in @entity7 mRNA levels. On the other hand, ligation of the alpha v @entity3 receptor on the @entity2 cells by immobilized antibody resulted in a twofold increase in @entity7 mRNA. The results suggest that the expression of @entity7 in metastatic @entity2 cells is linked to the expression and function of the @entity5 receptor.

title: Coordinated expression of the XXXX receptor and the @entity4 receptor in metastatic @entity2 cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity6 is a marker of progression in @entity2 . Previously we reported that @entity0 @entity2 cells derived from regional lymph node @entity1 had increased alpha v @entity3 -mediated adhesion to lymph node @entity5 . In the present study, the expression and function of @entity3 were further investigated with emphasis on the functional relationship between @entity3 and the @entity4 system of proteolysis. We found that @entity1 -derived @entity2 MeWo LNI 6I (6I) and MIM/8 LNI cells had a markedly increased expression of alpha v mRNA transcripts relative to the parent lines which was reflected in significantly elevated levels of the alpha v @entity3 heterodimers on the cell surface. These cells also expressed elevated levels of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) mRNA and had higher levels of surface bound urokinase plasminogen activator as detected by immunolabeling. To determine whether the expression of @entity7 and alpha v were linked, alpha v synthesis in the metastatic @entity2 cells was suppressed using alpha v antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. This resulted in a marked decrease in detectable alpha v mRNA and protein and a corresponding substratum-specific reduction in cell adhesion to @entity5 . When @entity7 expression in these cells was subsequently analyzed, we found a reduction of approximately 50% in @entity7 mRNA levels. On the other hand, ligation of the alpha v @entity3 receptor on the @entity2 cells by immobilized antibody resulted in a twofold increase in @entity7 mRNA. The results suggest that the expression of @entity7 in metastatic @entity2 cells is linked to the expression and function of the @entity5 receptor.

title: Coordinated expression of the @entity5 receptor and the XXXX receptor in metastatic @entity2 cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity7 consists of @entity8 with @entity3 . No single pathophysiologic hypothesis accounts for all aspects of the syndrome. We present six cases which manifest a very broad spectrum of associated @entity1 . Postmortem examination was performed on two cases. Midline @entity5 @entity2 was evident in one while the other had subtle @entity5 . The four other @entity0 have demonstrated fixed deficits on follow-up examinations. Improvement in @entity5 evoked potential waveforms has occurred in three cases, but the significance is uncertain. Many of the cases were delivered by caesarean section because of failure of labor to progress, and had associated @entity4 and @entity6 . These features suggest that a defect is established in utero. Only one @entity0 , born prematurely, may have suffered some perinatal @entity5 insult. @entity8 is a heterogenetic entity which can affect the nervous system in many different ways.

title: The spectrum of @entity8 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity7


abstract: The @entity7 consists of @entity8 with @entity3 . No single pathophysiologic hypothesis accounts for all aspects of the syndrome. We present six cases which manifest a very broad spectrum of associated @entity1 . Postmortem examination was performed on two cases. Midline @entity5 @entity2 was evident in one while the other had subtle @entity5 . The four other @entity0 have demonstrated fixed deficits on follow-up examinations. Improvement in @entity5 evoked potential waveforms has occurred in three cases, but the significance is uncertain. Many of the cases were delivered by caesarean section because of failure of labor to progress, and had associated @entity4 and @entity6 . These features suggest that a defect is established in utero. Only one @entity0 , born prematurely, may have suffered some perinatal @entity5 insult. @entity8 is a heterogenetic entity which can affect the nervous system in many different ways.

title: The spectrum of XXXX ( @entity7 ).

answer: @entity8


abstract: The results of several randomized trials suggest a marginal survival benefit for @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 after treatment with chemotherapy. This intervention, however, has not become standard therapy. @entity1 , cost, and inconvenience have led many physicians to question whether chemotherapy has even a palliative role in this disease. Furthermore, it is well established that @entity0 with a poor performance status, who are most in need of symptomatic palliation, are also those who are least likely to benefit and most likely to experience treatment-related @entity1 . Nonetheless, evidence of a symptomatic benefit from combination chemotherapy has been presented. Indeed, symptomatic palliation can result even in the absence of a conventionally defined chemotherapy-induced response. Phase III trials supporting the palliative value of chemotherapy, however, have been limited and inconclusive. Fortunately, other palliative treatment modalities exist. These interventions should be carefully integrated with chemotherapy when an overall treatment plan appropriate for an individual @entity0 is being developed. In addition to the symptomatic needs of each individual, this treatment plan must also address both physician and @entity0 biases.

title: Palliative chemotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 and @entity7 are chronic cholestatic syndromes that may be difficult to differentiate clinically. Destructive @entity3 occurs in both diseases and leads to similar clinical and biochemical abnormalities. Therefore, we compared the clinical, biochemical, immunologic, radiologic, and hepatic histologic features of these syndromes in two large groups of @entity0 prospectively selected by predefined criteria. @entity7 (n = 258) occurred predominantly in middle-aged @entity0 who were usually symptomatic with @entity6 and @entity2 , commonly had @entity8 sicca, and often were hyperpigmented. Tests for antimitochondrial antibodies were always positive, usually in very high titer. Although the extrahepatic bile ducts were normal radiographically, smooth tapering and narrowing of the intrahepatic bile ducts was occasionally noted. Hepatic histology was diagnostic when a florid duct lesion was present. In contrast, @entity5 (n = 60) occurred primarily in young @entity0 who were usually symptomatic with @entity6 and @entity2 and frequently had chronic @entity1 . Tests for antimitochondrial antibodies were nearly always negative and cholangiography demonstrated abnormalities of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts in all cases. Although hepatic histology was often compatible with the diagnosis, it was usually not diagnostic, and considerable overlap existed with the abnormalities seen in @entity7 . Likewise, biochemical tests of @entity4 metabolism were similar in both syndromes. These results call attention to the differences and similarities in the clinicopathologic features of these two cholestatic syndromes and provide a basis for a rational diagnostic strategy.

title: Comparison of the clinicopathologic features of XXXX and @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 and @entity7 are chronic cholestatic syndromes that may be difficult to differentiate clinically. Destructive @entity3 occurs in both diseases and leads to similar clinical and biochemical abnormalities. Therefore, we compared the clinical, biochemical, immunologic, radiologic, and hepatic histologic features of these syndromes in two large groups of @entity0 prospectively selected by predefined criteria. @entity7 (n = 258) occurred predominantly in middle-aged @entity0 who were usually symptomatic with @entity6 and @entity2 , commonly had @entity8 sicca, and often were hyperpigmented. Tests for antimitochondrial antibodies were always positive, usually in very high titer. Although the extrahepatic bile ducts were normal radiographically, smooth tapering and narrowing of the intrahepatic bile ducts was occasionally noted. Hepatic histology was diagnostic when a florid duct lesion was present. In contrast, @entity5 (n = 60) occurred primarily in young @entity0 who were usually symptomatic with @entity6 and @entity2 and frequently had chronic @entity1 . Tests for antimitochondrial antibodies were nearly always negative and cholangiography demonstrated abnormalities of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts in all cases. Although hepatic histology was often compatible with the diagnosis, it was usually not diagnostic, and considerable overlap existed with the abnormalities seen in @entity7 . Likewise, biochemical tests of @entity4 metabolism were similar in both syndromes. These results call attention to the differences and similarities in the clinicopathologic features of these two cholestatic syndromes and provide a basis for a rational diagnostic strategy.

title: Comparison of the clinicopathologic features of @entity5 and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity1 / @entity1 is a multifunctional cytokine that contributes to @entity4 by both direct and indirect mechanisms. On the one hand, @entity1 / @entity1 stimulates the ECs lining nearby microvessels to proliferate, to migrate, and to alter their pattern of gene expression. On the other hand, @entity1 / @entity1 renders these same microvascular ECs hyperpermeable so that they spill plasma proteins into the extravascular space, leading to the clotting of extravasated fibrinogen with deposition of a fibrin gel. Extravascular fibrin serves as a provisional matrix that favors and supports the ingrowth of new blood vessels and other mesenchymal cells that generate mature, vascularized stroma. These same principles apply in @entity0 , in several examples of non-neoplastic pathology, and in physiological processes that involve @entity4 and new stroma generation. In all of these examples, @entity6 and the introduction of a provisional, plasma-derived matrix precede and accompany the onset of EC division and new blood vessel formation. It would seem, therefore, that @entity0 have "borrowed" fundamental mechanisms that developed in multicellular organisms for purposes of tissue defense, renewal, and repair. @entity1 / @entity1 , therefore has taught us something new about @entity4 ; namely, that @entity2 and consequent plasma protein extravasation are important, perhaps essential, elements in its generation. However, this finding raises a paradox. While @entity1 / @entity1 induces @entity2 , other potent angiogenic factors apparently do not, at least in subtoxic concentrations that are more than sufficient to induce @entity4 . Nonetheless, wherever @entity4 has been studied, the newly generated vessels have been found to be hyperpermeable. How, therefore, do angiogenic factors other than @entity1 / @entity1 lead to the formation of new and leaky blood vessels? We do not as yet have a complete answer to this question. One possibility is that at least some angiogenic factors mediate their effect by inducing or stimulating the expression of @entity1 / @entity1 . In fact, there is already one clear example of this. @entity5 is a potent angiogenic factor but does not itself increase microvascular permeability. However, @entity5 strikingly upregulates @entity1 / @entity1 expression in cultured keratinocytes and is thought to be responsible, at least in part, for the overexpression of @entity1 / @entity1 in @entity3 . Moreover, overexpression of @entity5 , along with that of the EGF receptor with which it interacts, is characteristic of many @entity0 , raising the possibility that @entity5 acts to stimulate @entity1 / @entity1 expression in other types of epithelial cells and in this manner induces @entity4 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor, XXXX , and @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity1 / @entity1 is a multifunctional cytokine that contributes to @entity4 by both direct and indirect mechanisms. On the one hand, @entity1 / @entity1 stimulates the ECs lining nearby microvessels to proliferate, to migrate, and to alter their pattern of gene expression. On the other hand, @entity1 / @entity1 renders these same microvascular ECs hyperpermeable so that they spill plasma proteins into the extravascular space, leading to the clotting of extravasated fibrinogen with deposition of a fibrin gel. Extravascular fibrin serves as a provisional matrix that favors and supports the ingrowth of new blood vessels and other mesenchymal cells that generate mature, vascularized stroma. These same principles apply in @entity0 , in several examples of non-neoplastic pathology, and in physiological processes that involve @entity4 and new stroma generation. In all of these examples, @entity6 and the introduction of a provisional, plasma-derived matrix precede and accompany the onset of EC division and new blood vessel formation. It would seem, therefore, that @entity0 have "borrowed" fundamental mechanisms that developed in multicellular organisms for purposes of tissue defense, renewal, and repair. @entity1 / @entity1 , therefore has taught us something new about @entity4 ; namely, that @entity2 and consequent plasma protein extravasation are important, perhaps essential, elements in its generation. However, this finding raises a paradox. While @entity1 / @entity1 induces @entity2 , other potent angiogenic factors apparently do not, at least in subtoxic concentrations that are more than sufficient to induce @entity4 . Nonetheless, wherever @entity4 has been studied, the newly generated vessels have been found to be hyperpermeable. How, therefore, do angiogenic factors other than @entity1 / @entity1 lead to the formation of new and leaky blood vessels? We do not as yet have a complete answer to this question. One possibility is that at least some angiogenic factors mediate their effect by inducing or stimulating the expression of @entity1 / @entity1 . In fact, there is already one clear example of this. @entity5 is a potent angiogenic factor but does not itself increase microvascular permeability. However, @entity5 strikingly upregulates @entity1 / @entity1 expression in cultured keratinocytes and is thought to be responsible, at least in part, for the overexpression of @entity1 / @entity1 in @entity3 . Moreover, overexpression of @entity5 , along with that of the EGF receptor with which it interacts, is characteristic of many @entity0 , raising the possibility that @entity5 acts to stimulate @entity1 / @entity1 expression in other types of epithelial cells and in this manner induces @entity4 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor, @entity6 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A @entity0 with @entity3 of the colon developed @entity1 to the penis and @entity4 . These two organs are rare locations for @entity1 and the concurrent involvement of both sites has not been previously described. Our @entity0 and the results of a literature review are presented. Two hundred eighteen cases of penile and 37 separate cases of epididymal @entity1 were identified. The genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts were the predominant sites of the primary @entity2 . Presenting symptoms, the interval between diagnoses of the primary and metastatic lesions, and the therapy of the penile/epididymal deposits varied greatly. Surgical excision is the major mode of therapy; radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy may be beneficial in selected cases. Survival among these @entity0 is poor due to the presence in most @entity0 of widespread @entity1 in addition to their genital lesions. However, instances of prolonged survival are noted in both groups. @entity0 characteristics and possible mechanisms of metastatic spread to the genitals are discussed.

title: XXXX of the penis and epididymis: a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The adequacy and convenience of the digital-subtraction angiographic procedure by means of a Diasonics DF100 as an investigation in @entity3 were assessed over a nine-month period in 82 sequential renal artery studies, of which 76 were carried out in @entity0 referred for the investigation of @entity2 . Contrast medium was injected as a bolus by way of a centrally placed venous catheter, or a small (5 French size or smaller) arterial catheter. @entity0 tolerated the procedure well, and were fully mobile within 10 minutes to one hour (venous injection) and within two hours (arterial injection) after the procedure. Of the 82 studies, nine were judged as inadequate. All technical failures occurred with the venous injection technique. Of the 76 @entity0 with @entity2 , the main renal artery was judged as normal in 61. @entity1 were demonstrated in 15 studies (13 @entity0 ). Renal vein @entity4 studies, and the clinical or postoperative course supported the diagnosis of @entity5 in 11 of these. @entity1 is a useful investigation in suspected @entity5 . Its major advantage over conventional angiography is that it can be performed on an outpatient basis.

title: Renal artery digital-subtraction angiography. An outpatient investigation for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: To study the macula densa mechanism for renin release, both the macula densa and the haemodynamic mechanisms were activated in anaesthetized @entity0 with denervated kidneys, either by renal arterial constriction to a renal arterial pressure (RAP) of 52 +/- 2 mmHg or by @entity1 to a ureteral pressure of 95-105 mmHg, 20-25 mmHg below RAP. Renal arterial constriction increased renin release from 0.3 +/- 0.2 to 16 +/- 4 micrograms AI min-1. At low RAP, renin release was subsequently reduced to 7 +/- 3 micrograms AI min-1 when @entity3 excretion was raised far above control values by plasma volume expansion and @entity6 infusion. @entity7 (3 mg kg-1 body wt.) restored renin release to pre-expansion values, and a large dose (25 mg kg-1 body wt.) prevented renin release from falling even after unclamping the artery. During @entity1 with stopped glomerular filtration, plasma volume expansion, @entity6 and @entity7 infusion did not alter renin release. On the other hand, beta-adrenergic stimulation by @entity4 raised renin release equally (by 30-40 micrograms AI min-1) before and after plasma volume expansion, during both renal arterial constriction and @entity1 . @entity5 (10 mg kg-1 body wt.) abolished renin release induced by @entity7 infusion and @entity1 . We conclude that the macula densa mechanism for renin release is inactivated by high @entity2 reabsorption during plasma volume expansion and @entity6 infusion, reactivated by inhibition of @entity2 reabsorption with @entity7 and completely inhibited by @entity5 . The degree of activation does not influence the renin release induced by beta-adrenergic stimulation.

title: Properties of the macula densa mechanism for renin release in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Endothelial and platelet generation of @entity4 (NO) plays an important role in the regulation of hemostasis. Alterations in NO biosynthesis are described in @entity3 . We have investigated the NO pathway in megakaryocytes and platelets from @entity0 with @entity3 and age-matched control subjects. Megakaryocytes and platelets were isolated from @entity0 with severe @entity2 (n = 19) and normal coronary arteries (n = 9) as demonstrated by selective angiography. Constitutive ( @entity1 -dependent) and inducible ( @entity1 -independent) NO synthase ( @entity7 and @entity5 , respectively) activities were measured by using the @entity6 assay and by immunostaining techniques using an anti-peptide antibody to @entity5 . Megakaryocytes from @entity0 with @entity3 expressed significantly greater amounts of @entity5 (1.28 +/- 0.46 pmol @entity6 .mg-1.min-1) than @entity7 (0.29 +/- 0.40 pmol.mg-1.min-1). In contrast, megakaryocytes from @entity0 with normal coronary arteries expressed significantly more @entity7 (1.48 +/- 0.23 pmol.mg-1.min-1) than @entity5 (0.49 +/- 0.40 pmol.mg-1.min-1). Platelets isolated from both groups showed no significant difference in @entity7 expression, and no @entity5 was seen in either group. Immunostaining confirmed the presence of the @entity5 in megakaryocytes. These results suggest there is a link between the expression of @entity5 in the megakaryocyte and @entity3 .

title: Megakaryocytes from @entity0 with XXXX express the inducible @entity4 synthase.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Endothelial and platelet generation of @entity4 (NO) plays an important role in the regulation of hemostasis. Alterations in NO biosynthesis are described in @entity3 . We have investigated the NO pathway in megakaryocytes and platelets from @entity0 with @entity3 and age-matched control subjects. Megakaryocytes and platelets were isolated from @entity0 with severe @entity2 (n = 19) and normal coronary arteries (n = 9) as demonstrated by selective angiography. Constitutive ( @entity1 -dependent) and inducible ( @entity1 -independent) NO synthase ( @entity7 and @entity5 , respectively) activities were measured by using the @entity6 assay and by immunostaining techniques using an anti-peptide antibody to @entity5 . Megakaryocytes from @entity0 with @entity3 expressed significantly greater amounts of @entity5 (1.28 +/- 0.46 pmol @entity6 .mg-1.min-1) than @entity7 (0.29 +/- 0.40 pmol.mg-1.min-1). In contrast, megakaryocytes from @entity0 with normal coronary arteries expressed significantly more @entity7 (1.48 +/- 0.23 pmol.mg-1.min-1) than @entity5 (0.49 +/- 0.40 pmol.mg-1.min-1). Platelets isolated from both groups showed no significant difference in @entity7 expression, and no @entity5 was seen in either group. Immunostaining confirmed the presence of the @entity5 in megakaryocytes. These results suggest there is a link between the expression of @entity5 in the megakaryocyte and @entity3 .

title: Megakaryocytes from @entity0 with @entity2 express the inducible XXXX synthase.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Endothelial and platelet generation of @entity4 (NO) plays an important role in the regulation of hemostasis. Alterations in NO biosynthesis are described in @entity3 . We have investigated the NO pathway in megakaryocytes and platelets from @entity0 with @entity3 and age-matched control subjects. Megakaryocytes and platelets were isolated from @entity0 with severe @entity2 (n = 19) and normal coronary arteries (n = 9) as demonstrated by selective angiography. Constitutive ( @entity1 -dependent) and inducible ( @entity1 -independent) NO synthase ( @entity7 and @entity5 , respectively) activities were measured by using the @entity6 assay and by immunostaining techniques using an anti-peptide antibody to @entity5 . Megakaryocytes from @entity0 with @entity3 expressed significantly greater amounts of @entity5 (1.28 +/- 0.46 pmol @entity6 .mg-1.min-1) than @entity7 (0.29 +/- 0.40 pmol.mg-1.min-1). In contrast, megakaryocytes from @entity0 with normal coronary arteries expressed significantly more @entity7 (1.48 +/- 0.23 pmol.mg-1.min-1) than @entity5 (0.49 +/- 0.40 pmol.mg-1.min-1). Platelets isolated from both groups showed no significant difference in @entity7 expression, and no @entity5 was seen in either group. Immunostaining confirmed the presence of the @entity5 in megakaryocytes. These results suggest there is a link between the expression of @entity5 in the megakaryocyte and @entity3 .

title: Megakaryocytes from XXXX with @entity2 express the inducible @entity4 synthase.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the incidence of positive post-radiotherapy biopsies has been reported, the range is considerable (19-93%) and depends partly on @entity0 -selection criteria. In addition, the prognostic significance of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and @entity3 (PSA) used alone and in combination in predicting @entity1 after radiotherapy has yet to be determined. METHODS: Transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsies were performed on 31 unselected @entity0 with @entity2 34-77 months (mean, 51 months) after definitive external beam radiotherapy was completed. Biopsy results were compared for pre- and posttreatment parameters (clinical stage, grade, PSA, and TRUS). RESULTS: In 22 @entity0 (71%), @entity1 was detected histologically by biopsy. All but one @entity0 (12/13, 92%) with a pretherapy PSA value greater than 10 ng/mL had a positive biopsy compared with 50% of those (7/14) with a pretherapy PSA value less than or equal to 10 (P < 0.05). After radiotherapy, a positive biopsy was noted for 15 of 16 @entity0 (94%) with a PSA value greater than 2 and in 20 of 23 (87%) of those with abnormal TRUS findings (P < 0.01 and P < 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The most clinically useful model for predicting histologically identifiable @entity1 was either a serum PSA value greater than 2 or a PSA value less than or equal to 2 and abnormal TRUS findings. The positive and negative predictive values of the model were 84% and 83%, respectively. The model predicted biopsy results correctly in 26 of 31 @entity0 (84%). Transrectal ultrasonography is recommended as a diagnostic tool for @entity0 whose PSA level ranges from a detectable level to less than or equal to 2 ng/mL.

title: @entity2 after external radiotherapy. Role of XXXX and transrectal ultrasonography.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the incidence of positive post-radiotherapy biopsies has been reported, the range is considerable (19-93%) and depends partly on @entity0 -selection criteria. In addition, the prognostic significance of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and @entity3 (PSA) used alone and in combination in predicting @entity1 after radiotherapy has yet to be determined. METHODS: Transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsies were performed on 31 unselected @entity0 with @entity2 34-77 months (mean, 51 months) after definitive external beam radiotherapy was completed. Biopsy results were compared for pre- and posttreatment parameters (clinical stage, grade, PSA, and TRUS). RESULTS: In 22 @entity0 (71%), @entity1 was detected histologically by biopsy. All but one @entity0 (12/13, 92%) with a pretherapy PSA value greater than 10 ng/mL had a positive biopsy compared with 50% of those (7/14) with a pretherapy PSA value less than or equal to 10 (P < 0.05). After radiotherapy, a positive biopsy was noted for 15 of 16 @entity0 (94%) with a PSA value greater than 2 and in 20 of 23 (87%) of those with abnormal TRUS findings (P < 0.01 and P < 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The most clinically useful model for predicting histologically identifiable @entity1 was either a serum PSA value greater than 2 or a PSA value less than or equal to 2 and abnormal TRUS findings. The positive and negative predictive values of the model were 84% and 83%, respectively. The model predicted biopsy results correctly in 26 of 31 @entity0 (84%). Transrectal ultrasonography is recommended as a diagnostic tool for @entity0 whose PSA level ranges from a detectable level to less than or equal to 2 ng/mL.

title: XXXX after external radiotherapy. Role of @entity3 and transrectal ultrasonography.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Exposure of @entity0 cells to 50 mM @entity4 [an inhibitor of mono( @entity1 - @entity6 )transferase] for 18 hr led to an increase in membrane associated @entity5 measured either as cholera toxin substrate or by immunoblotting with a specific antiserum. Prolonged exposure of @entity0 cells to iloprost is followed by homologous loss of iloprost sensitivity, and heterologous loss of @entity2 -dependent activation of adenylate cyclase. @entity4 reversed the loss of @entity2 sensitivity, but failed to restore iloprost-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase. These results with @entity4 in @entity0 cells contrasted with those from platelets, which also exhibit heterologous desensitization of @entity2 sensitivity following prolonged exposure to iloprost. Treatment of platelets with 50 mM @entity4 for 18 hr led to an increase of 75.0 +/- 19.4% in the amount of membrane associated cholera toxin substrate. However, there was no associated increase in the abundance of @entity5 as determined by immunoblotting. Furthermore, in platelets there was no restoration by @entity4 of the iloprost-dependent loss of @entity2 -sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. It follows that heterologous desensitization in platelets is accompanied by inactivation of @entity5 , which is retained within the plasma membrane in its inactive state. The @entity4 -dependent increase in the abundance of membrane associated cholera toxin substrate and immunoreactive @entity5 in @entity0 cells is associated with an increase of 72.0 +/- 20.3% in the levels of mRNA encoding @entity5 . The capacity of @entity4 to increase the abundance of membrane associated @entity5 was reversed when the cells were cultured in the presence of 20 micrograms/mL @entity3 . These results suggest that the ability of @entity4 to increase the abundance of @entity5 in @entity0 cells is mediated by de novo protein synthesis.

title: Inhibition of @entity1 -ribosyltransferase increases synthesis of @entity5 in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells and reverses iloprost-dependent heterologous loss of XXXX -sensitive adenylate cyclase.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Exposure of @entity0 cells to 50 mM @entity4 [an inhibitor of mono( @entity1 - @entity6 )transferase] for 18 hr led to an increase in membrane associated @entity5 measured either as cholera toxin substrate or by immunoblotting with a specific antiserum. Prolonged exposure of @entity0 cells to iloprost is followed by homologous loss of iloprost sensitivity, and heterologous loss of @entity2 -dependent activation of adenylate cyclase. @entity4 reversed the loss of @entity2 sensitivity, but failed to restore iloprost-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase. These results with @entity4 in @entity0 cells contrasted with those from platelets, which also exhibit heterologous desensitization of @entity2 sensitivity following prolonged exposure to iloprost. Treatment of platelets with 50 mM @entity4 for 18 hr led to an increase of 75.0 +/- 19.4% in the amount of membrane associated cholera toxin substrate. However, there was no associated increase in the abundance of @entity5 as determined by immunoblotting. Furthermore, in platelets there was no restoration by @entity4 of the iloprost-dependent loss of @entity2 -sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. It follows that heterologous desensitization in platelets is accompanied by inactivation of @entity5 , which is retained within the plasma membrane in its inactive state. The @entity4 -dependent increase in the abundance of membrane associated cholera toxin substrate and immunoreactive @entity5 in @entity0 cells is associated with an increase of 72.0 +/- 20.3% in the levels of mRNA encoding @entity5 . The capacity of @entity4 to increase the abundance of membrane associated @entity5 was reversed when the cells were cultured in the presence of 20 micrograms/mL @entity3 . These results suggest that the ability of @entity4 to increase the abundance of @entity5 in @entity0 cells is mediated by de novo protein synthesis.

title: Inhibition of XXXX -ribosyltransferase increases synthesis of @entity5 in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells and reverses iloprost-dependent heterologous loss of @entity2 -sensitive adenylate cyclase.

answer: @entity1