abstract: UNASSIGNED: Advances in tailored medical therapy and introduction of biologic agents for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) treatment have increased lasting of disease remission. Some @entity0 , however, still complain defecatory symptoms. @entity0 present with a wide spectrum of conditions, the most frequent anal @entity2 , @entity4 , that have a great impact on Quality of Life. Due to @entity1 diagnosis, little relevance is given to this type of symptoms and their epidemiologic distribution is unknown. Pathogenetic hypotheses are under investigation. Routinely diagnostic workflow and therapeutic options in pelvic floor service are often underused. The evaluation of these disorders starts with the exclusion of the presence of active disease by endoscopy; the further diagnostic workflow is the same as in @entity0 without @entity1 . For @entity3 and obstructed defecation, simple conservative therapy with habits modification, dietary and fluid advices is effective in most cases. In non-responders @entity0 , ano- rectal physiology tests and imaging are required to select @entity0 for pelvic floor muscle training and Bio-Feed-Back. These treatments have been proven effective in @entity1 @entity0 . Some new minimally invasive alternative strategies are available for @entity1 @entity0 , as sacral nerve and posterior tibial nerve stimulation; for other ones (e.g.: bulking agents implantation) @entity1 still remain an exclusion criterion. Surgical options to cure @entity5 are indicated in a small group of @entity1 @entity0 , due to the high risk of failure in wound healing and to the possible side effects of surgery, that can lead to anal @entity2 or to an eventual proctectomy, and in order to preserve anatomical areas that could be useful for future reconstructive techniques. A particular issue within defecatory symptoms in @entity0 with @entity1 is paradox after restorative proctocolectomy that can be related to a paradoxical pubo-rectalis contraction: if properly diagnosed, a conservative treatment is indicated, avoiding unnecessary laparotomy for small bowel occlusion. @entity4 management, coordinated by a specialist with expertise in @entity5 , includes many options, that vary from oral or local therapies to pelvic floor rehabilitation and sacral nerve stimulation. Surgical procedures have often non satisfactory results. Recognition and investigation of ano-rectal functional disorders in @entity0 with @entity1 is important to address correct diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, in order to avoid unnecessary and potentially detrimental medical and surgical therapies, with the aim of improving @entity0 ' Quality of Life.

title: @entity5 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In secondary cardiovascular prevention, discontinuation of @entity1 ( @entity4 ) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This study assessed the impact of @entity4 reinitiation on the risk of @entity3 and @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 prescribed @entity4 for secondary cardiovascular prevention and who had had a period of @entity4 discontinuation of >= 90 days in 2000-2007 were identified from The Health Improvement Network (N   =   10,453). Incidence of @entity3 / @entity2 was calculated. Survival analyses using adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were performed to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of @entity3 / @entity2 associated with @entity4 use patterns after the initial period of discontinuation. Individuals who were prescribed @entity4 during follow-up were considered reinitiators. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity3 / @entity2 was 8.90 cases per 1000 @entity0 -years. Risk of @entity3 / @entity2 was similar for current @entity4 users, who had been continuously exposed since reinitiation, and @entity0 who had not reinitiated @entity4 (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 0.93-1.73). Among reinitiators, an additional period of @entity4 discontinuation was associated with increased risk of @entity3 / @entity2 compared with no reinitiation (current users: hazard ratio 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.13-1.90; noncurrent users: hazard ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval 1.31-2.21). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 reinitiation was not associated with a decreased risk of @entity3 / @entity2 . This may be explained by confounding by indication/comorbidity, whereby higher-risk @entity0 are more likely to reinitiate therapy. An additional period of @entity4 discontinuation among reinitiators was associated with an increased risk of @entity3 / @entity2 .

title: Association between low-dose XXXX reinitiation and the risk of @entity3 or @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In secondary cardiovascular prevention, discontinuation of @entity1 ( @entity4 ) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This study assessed the impact of @entity4 reinitiation on the risk of @entity3 and @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 prescribed @entity4 for secondary cardiovascular prevention and who had had a period of @entity4 discontinuation of >= 90 days in 2000-2007 were identified from The Health Improvement Network (N   =   10,453). Incidence of @entity3 / @entity2 was calculated. Survival analyses using adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were performed to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of @entity3 / @entity2 associated with @entity4 use patterns after the initial period of discontinuation. Individuals who were prescribed @entity4 during follow-up were considered reinitiators. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity3 / @entity2 was 8.90 cases per 1000 @entity0 -years. Risk of @entity3 / @entity2 was similar for current @entity4 users, who had been continuously exposed since reinitiation, and @entity0 who had not reinitiated @entity4 (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 0.93-1.73). Among reinitiators, an additional period of @entity4 discontinuation was associated with increased risk of @entity3 / @entity2 compared with no reinitiation (current users: hazard ratio 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.13-1.90; noncurrent users: hazard ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval 1.31-2.21). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 reinitiation was not associated with a decreased risk of @entity3 / @entity2 . This may be explained by confounding by indication/comorbidity, whereby higher-risk @entity0 are more likely to reinitiate therapy. An additional period of @entity4 discontinuation among reinitiators was associated with an increased risk of @entity3 / @entity2 .

title: Association between low-dose @entity1 reinitiation and the risk of @entity3 or XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In secondary cardiovascular prevention, discontinuation of @entity1 ( @entity4 ) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This study assessed the impact of @entity4 reinitiation on the risk of @entity3 and @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 prescribed @entity4 for secondary cardiovascular prevention and who had had a period of @entity4 discontinuation of >= 90 days in 2000-2007 were identified from The Health Improvement Network (N   =   10,453). Incidence of @entity3 / @entity2 was calculated. Survival analyses using adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were performed to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of @entity3 / @entity2 associated with @entity4 use patterns after the initial period of discontinuation. Individuals who were prescribed @entity4 during follow-up were considered reinitiators. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity3 / @entity2 was 8.90 cases per 1000 @entity0 -years. Risk of @entity3 / @entity2 was similar for current @entity4 users, who had been continuously exposed since reinitiation, and @entity0 who had not reinitiated @entity4 (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 0.93-1.73). Among reinitiators, an additional period of @entity4 discontinuation was associated with increased risk of @entity3 / @entity2 compared with no reinitiation (current users: hazard ratio 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.13-1.90; noncurrent users: hazard ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval 1.31-2.21). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 reinitiation was not associated with a decreased risk of @entity3 / @entity2 . This may be explained by confounding by indication/comorbidity, whereby higher-risk @entity0 are more likely to reinitiate therapy. An additional period of @entity4 discontinuation among reinitiators was associated with an increased risk of @entity3 / @entity2 .

title: Association between low-dose @entity1 reinitiation and the risk of XXXX or @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4 ( @entity4 or @entity4 ), a key modulator of the immune response, exerts its functions mainly via @entity3 regulation. Fatty meals cause transient @entity6 and are considered to be proinflammatory, but the extent of these responses shows high interindividual susceptibility. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the influence of a genetic variant located in the promoter region of @entity4 ( @entity8 ) on fasting and postprandial lipids and @entity3 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : A total of 477 @entity0 over age 65 yr were genotyped for @entity4 @entity8 , and we evaluated fasting lipids depending on genotype. Then, 88 healthy young @entity0 were also genotyped and were fed a @entity7 -rich meal. Serial blood samples were drawn for 11 h after the meal, and lipid fractions and @entity3 were assayed. MAIN OUTCOME AND INTERVENTIONS: Fasting lipids were studied in the aged @entity0 . Fasting and postprandial measurements of lipids and @entity3 were performed in the healthy young @entity0 . RESULTS: In the aged @entity0 , CC subjects (minor allele homozygotes) showed higher @entity2 (P = 0.002) and @entity1 (P = 0.011) levels. Healthy young male carriers of the minor C allele showed higher postprandial @entity5 (P = 0.037), and those carried into large @entity2 -rich lipoproteins (P = 0.004). In addition, they showed higher postprandial @entity3 concentrations (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Our work shows that inflammatory genes may regulate fasting and postprandial lipids because the carriers of the minor allele of an IL gene variant have altered lipid metabolism. To reinforce these gene-phenotype findings, @entity3 (the natural effector of @entity4 ) was increased in these @entity0 .

title: Interleukin 1B variant @entity8 (rs1143623) influences XXXX and @entity3 metabolism.

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4 ( @entity4 or @entity4 ), a key modulator of the immune response, exerts its functions mainly via @entity3 regulation. Fatty meals cause transient @entity6 and are considered to be proinflammatory, but the extent of these responses shows high interindividual susceptibility. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the influence of a genetic variant located in the promoter region of @entity4 ( @entity8 ) on fasting and postprandial lipids and @entity3 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : A total of 477 @entity0 over age 65 yr were genotyped for @entity4 @entity8 , and we evaluated fasting lipids depending on genotype. Then, 88 healthy young @entity0 were also genotyped and were fed a @entity7 -rich meal. Serial blood samples were drawn for 11 h after the meal, and lipid fractions and @entity3 were assayed. MAIN OUTCOME AND INTERVENTIONS: Fasting lipids were studied in the aged @entity0 . Fasting and postprandial measurements of lipids and @entity3 were performed in the healthy young @entity0 . RESULTS: In the aged @entity0 , CC subjects (minor allele homozygotes) showed higher @entity2 (P = 0.002) and @entity1 (P = 0.011) levels. Healthy young male carriers of the minor C allele showed higher postprandial @entity5 (P = 0.037), and those carried into large @entity2 -rich lipoproteins (P = 0.004). In addition, they showed higher postprandial @entity3 concentrations (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Our work shows that inflammatory genes may regulate fasting and postprandial lipids because the carriers of the minor allele of an IL gene variant have altered lipid metabolism. To reinforce these gene-phenotype findings, @entity3 (the natural effector of @entity4 ) was increased in these @entity0 .

title: Interleukin 1B variant XXXX (rs1143623) influences @entity2 and @entity3 metabolism.

answer: @entity8


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4 ( @entity4 or @entity4 ), a key modulator of the immune response, exerts its functions mainly via @entity3 regulation. Fatty meals cause transient @entity6 and are considered to be proinflammatory, but the extent of these responses shows high interindividual susceptibility. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the influence of a genetic variant located in the promoter region of @entity4 ( @entity8 ) on fasting and postprandial lipids and @entity3 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : A total of 477 @entity0 over age 65 yr were genotyped for @entity4 @entity8 , and we evaluated fasting lipids depending on genotype. Then, 88 healthy young @entity0 were also genotyped and were fed a @entity7 -rich meal. Serial blood samples were drawn for 11 h after the meal, and lipid fractions and @entity3 were assayed. MAIN OUTCOME AND INTERVENTIONS: Fasting lipids were studied in the aged @entity0 . Fasting and postprandial measurements of lipids and @entity3 were performed in the healthy young @entity0 . RESULTS: In the aged @entity0 , CC subjects (minor allele homozygotes) showed higher @entity2 (P = 0.002) and @entity1 (P = 0.011) levels. Healthy young male carriers of the minor C allele showed higher postprandial @entity5 (P = 0.037), and those carried into large @entity2 -rich lipoproteins (P = 0.004). In addition, they showed higher postprandial @entity3 concentrations (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Our work shows that inflammatory genes may regulate fasting and postprandial lipids because the carriers of the minor allele of an IL gene variant have altered lipid metabolism. To reinforce these gene-phenotype findings, @entity3 (the natural effector of @entity4 ) was increased in these @entity0 .

title: Interleukin 1B variant @entity8 (rs1143623) influences @entity2 and XXXX metabolism.

answer: @entity3


abstract: At least two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown botulinum toxin type A (BtxA) to be efficacious and safe when used in the management of @entity2 in @entity0 . However, the need to use standard treatment protocols in these studies obscures some aspects of routine clinical practice that may have important effect on clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to seek additional information on the use of BtxA that is not usually captured by RCTs. This was performed by reviewing the clinical practice of practitioners in 17 treatment centres in Europe. The details of treatment with BtxA, including the dose, site and frequency of injections and the use of anaesthesia or sedation, were abstracted from the @entity0 's records. Information was also obtained on the response to treatment and the occurrence and severity of adverse events. The data on 758 @entity0 who received a total of 1,594 treatments in 17 different clinics in Europe were analysed. Ninety-four per cent of @entity0 had @entity1 . There was a general agreement on the indications for treatment but the average dose of BtxA used varied between centres. One treatment centre used general anaesthesia (GA) prior to injections in most @entity0 . The reported efficacy and adverse events profile was similar for all centres. The evidence from routine clinical practice for the efficacy and safety of BtxA in the management of @entity2 in @entity0 , as described in this study, is in agreement with that of most of the open-label and RCTs published to date. The present study also demonstrates the disagreement between clinicians on the optimal dose of BtxA for individual muscles and confirms that the injections can be carried out without GA in almost all cases.

title: Botulinum toxin in the management of childhood XXXX : comparison of clinical practice of 17 treatment centres.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rates of perinatal @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in South Asia are among the highest in the world. The delivery of effective psychological treatments for perinatal @entity1 through existing health systems is a challenge due to a lack of @entity0 resources. This paper reports on a trial protocol that aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Thinking Healthy Programme delivered by peers (Thinking Healthy Programme Peer-delivered; @entity2 ), for @entity0 with moderate to severe perinatal @entity1 in rural and urban settings in Pakistan and India. METHODS/DESIGN: @entity2 is evaluated with two randomised controlled trials: a cluster trial in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and an individually randomised trial in Goa, India. Trial @entity0 are pregnant @entity0 who are registered with the lady health workers in the study area in Pakistan and pregnant @entity0 attending outpatient antenatal clinics in India. They will be screened using the @entity0 health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for @entity1 symptoms and will be eligible if their PHQ-9 is equal to or greater than 10 (PHQ-9   >=    10). The sample size will be 560 and 280 @entity0 in Pakistan and India, respectively. @entity0 in the intervention arm ( @entity2 ) will be offered ten individual and four group sessions (Pakistan) or 6-14 individual sessions (India) delivered by a peer (defined as a mother from the same community who is trained and supervised in delivering the intervention). @entity0 in the control arm (enhanced usual care) will receive health care as usual, enhanced by providing the gynaecologist or primary-health facilities with adapted WHO mhGAP guidelines for @entity1 treatment, and providing the @entity0 with her diagnosis and information on how to seek help for herself. The primary outcomes are remission and severity of @entity1 symptoms at the 6-month postnatal follow-up. Secondary outcomes include remission and severity of @entity1 symptoms at the 3-month postnatal follow-up, functional disability, perceived social support, breastfeeding rates, @entity0 height and weight, and costs of health care at the 3- and 6-month postnatal follow-ups. The primary analysis will be intention-to-treat. DISCUSSION: The trials have the potential to strengthen the evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an evidence-based psychological treatment recommended by the World Health Organisation and delivered by peers for perinatal @entity1 . The trials have the unique opportunity to overcome the shortage of @entity0 resources in global mental health and may advance our understanding about the use of peers who work in partnership with the existing health systems in low-resource settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Pakistan Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02111915 (9 April 2014) India Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02104232 (1 April 2014).

title: The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the peer-delivered Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal XXXX in Pakistan and India: the SHARE study protocol for randomised controlled trials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: To develop an individual prognostic calculator for @entity0 with unresectable @entity2 ( @entity2 ) undergoing trans-arterial chemo-embolization (TACE). METHODS: Data from two prospective databases, regarding 361 @entity0 who received TACE as first-line therapy (2000-2012), were reviewed in order to refine available prognostic tools and to develop a continuous individual web-based prognostic calculator. @entity0 with neoplastic portal vein invasion were excluded from the analysis. The model was built following a bootstrap resampling procedure aimed at identifying prognostic predictors and by carrying out a 10-fold cross-validation for accuracy assessment by means of Harrell's c-statistic. RESULTS: Number of @entity1 , serum albumin, serum total @entity3 , alpha-foetoprotein and maximum @entity1 size were selected as predictors of mortality following TACE with the bootstrap resampling technique. In the 10-fold cross-validation cohort, the model showed a Harrell's c-statistic of 0.649 (95% CI: 0.610-0.688), significantly higher than that of the @entity4 Prognostic (HAP) score (0.589; 95% CI: 0.552-0.626; P = 0.001) and of the modified HAP-II score (0.611; 95% CI: 0.572-0.650; P = 0.005). Akaike's information criterion for the model was 2520; for the mHAP-II it was 2544 and for the HAP score it was 2554. A web-based calculator was developed for quick consultation at http://www.livercancer.eu/mhap3.html. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed individual prognostic model can provide an accurate prognostic prediction for each @entity0 with unresectable @entity2 following treatment with TACE without class stratification. The availability of an online calculator can help physicians in daily clinical practice.

title: Refining prognosis after trans-arterial chemo-embolization for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Osteopontin is a noncollagenous extracellular matrix protein that is expressed in various tissues. Recent studies have shown the upregulation of osteopontin expression in the @entity2 cortex after @entity3 . We demonstrate here the upregulation of osteopontin expression in the spinal cord after @entity5 . @entity0 were used in a compression model of @entity4 (30-g load for 5 min). Northern blot analysis showed that osteopontin mRNA expression levels reached a peak 3 days after injury (sevenfold; p < 0.05). In situ hybridization demonstrated osteopontin mRNA expression in @entity1 areas from 24 h, peaking 3 days after injury. Immunohistochemistry detected osteopontin protein immunoreactivity from 12 h, peaking at 3 days. The peak time and distribution of osteopontin protein expression were coincident with those of osteopontin mRNA expression. Osteopontin expression in our model preceded that shown in the previously reported @entity3 models. Osteopontin protein was found in the cytoplasm at 3 days and secreted into the extracellular matrix at 7 days. Triple immunolabeling showed that osteopontin was localized in activated microglia surrounded by astrocytes.

title: Upregulation of osteopontin expression in XXXX spinal cord microglia after traumatic injury.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a relatively rare, potentially aggressive cutaneous @entity1 . We examined the clinical and histologic features of primary @entity3 that may correlate with the probability of a positive @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Ninety-five @entity0 with @entity3 who underwent @entity2 biopsy at the University of Michigan were identified. @entity2 biopsy was performed on 97 @entity1 , and an @entity2 was identified in 93 instances. These were reviewed for clinical and histologic features and associated @entity2 positivity. Univariate associations between these characteristics and a positive @entity2 were tested for by using either the   (2) or the Fisher's exact test. A backward elimination algorithm was used to help create a best multiple variable model to explain a positive @entity2 . RESULTS: @entity2 positivity was significantly associated with the clinical size of the lesion, greatest horizontal histologic dimension, @entity1 thickness, mitotic rate, and histologic growth pattern. Two competing multivariate models were generated to predict a positive @entity2 . The histologic growth pattern was present in both models and combined with either @entity1 thickness or mitotic rate. CONCLUSION: Increasing clinical size, increasing @entity1 thickness, increasing mitotic rate, and infiltrative @entity1 growth pattern were significantly associated with a greater likelihood of a positive @entity2 . By using the growth pattern and @entity1 thickness model, no subgroup of @entity0 was predicted to have a lower than 15% to 20% likelihood of a positive @entity2 . This suggests that all @entity0 presenting with @entity3 without clinical evidence of regional @entity2 should be considered for @entity2 biopsy.

title: Features predicting XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Older @entity0 in care homes are at increased risk of medication errors and adverse drug events. The effect of formulation on administration errors is not known, that is whether the medicine is a tablet or capsule, liquid or device such as an inhaler. Also, the impact on administration errors of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), commonly used in UK care homes to dispense tablets and capsules, is not known. This study investigated the influence of formulation and @entity1 on administration errors. METHODS: Administration errors were identified by pharmacists (using validated definitions) observing two drug rounds of residents randomly selected from a purposive sample of UK nursing and residential homes. Errors were classified and analysed by formulation and medicine delivery system. RESULTS: The odds of administration errors by formulation, when compared with tablets and capsules in @entity1 , were: liquids 4.31 (95% CI 2.02 to 9.21; p = 0.0002); topicals/transdermals/injections 19.61 (95% CI 6.90 to 55.73; p < 0.0001); inhalers 33.58 (95% CI 12.51 to 90.19; p < 0.0001). The odds of administration errors for tablets and capsules not in @entity1 were double those that were dispensed in @entity1 (adjusted OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.02 to 4.51; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Inhalers and liquid medicines were associated with significantly increased odds of administration errors. Training of staff in safe administration of these formulations needs implementing. Although there was some evidence that @entity1 reduced the odds of an administration error, the use of @entity1 impacts on other aspects of medicines management. Because of this, and as the primary topic of our study was not @entity1 , a prospective trial specifically designed to evaluate the overall impact of @entity1 on medicine management in care homes is needed.

title: The influence of formulation and medicine delivery system on medication administration errors in care homes for older XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The SWAN (Strength and Weakness of @entity1 and Normal-behavior) Questionnaire is a short instrument suitable for screening attention @entity1 . Its completion by parents or teachers requires a few minutes. Positive re-wording of attention- and activity-related behaviors and the extended 7- point rating scale anchored to average behavior make the instrument especially suitable for normal populations. Here, we report the Hungarian version of SWAN and compare its scales with relevant scales of the @entity0 Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). METHOD: Questionnaire data were collected from parents of 156 six-year-old @entity0 in a community sample. Of the 156 @entity0 89 were @entity0 of the longitudinal Budapest @entity0 -Parent Study (BIPS). RESULTS: Internal consistency of the Hungarian SWAN scales was excellent (Cronbach alfa: 0.87-0.93), correlations with relevant CBCL and SDQ scales were as expected (0.40-0.49 and 0.67-0.74) showing that the short questionnaire was suitable for detection of attention and @entity2 problems. SWAN scores in our sample were normally distributed and scale means were also similar to foreign studies. CONCLUSIONS: These initial Hungarian data confirm international experience with the SWAN. Psychometric indices, distribution of scale scores in the sample and across the sexes were consistent with foreign studies. Following collection of normative data, the Hungarian version of SWAN might be suitable for assessing mental health of @entity0 and adolescents, and for screening problem cases. Due to the wider range and the normal distribution of scores, SWAN provides a more suitable phenotype for genetic studies, than symptom scales.

title: [Screening childhood behavior problems using short questionnaires II.: The Hungarian version of the SWAN-scale (Strength and Weakness of XXXX and Normal-behavior) for screening attention @entity1 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The SWAN (Strength and Weakness of @entity1 and Normal-behavior) Questionnaire is a short instrument suitable for screening attention @entity1 . Its completion by parents or teachers requires a few minutes. Positive re-wording of attention- and activity-related behaviors and the extended 7- point rating scale anchored to average behavior make the instrument especially suitable for normal populations. Here, we report the Hungarian version of SWAN and compare its scales with relevant scales of the @entity0 Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). METHOD: Questionnaire data were collected from parents of 156 six-year-old @entity0 in a community sample. Of the 156 @entity0 89 were @entity0 of the longitudinal Budapest @entity0 -Parent Study (BIPS). RESULTS: Internal consistency of the Hungarian SWAN scales was excellent (Cronbach alfa: 0.87-0.93), correlations with relevant CBCL and SDQ scales were as expected (0.40-0.49 and 0.67-0.74) showing that the short questionnaire was suitable for detection of attention and @entity2 problems. SWAN scores in our sample were normally distributed and scale means were also similar to foreign studies. CONCLUSIONS: These initial Hungarian data confirm international experience with the SWAN. Psychometric indices, distribution of scale scores in the sample and across the sexes were consistent with foreign studies. Following collection of normative data, the Hungarian version of SWAN might be suitable for assessing mental health of @entity0 and adolescents, and for screening problem cases. Due to the wider range and the normal distribution of scores, SWAN provides a more suitable phenotype for genetic studies, than symptom scales.

title: [Screening childhood behavior problems using short questionnaires II.: The Hungarian version of the SWAN-scale (Strength and Weakness of @entity1 and Normal-behavior) for screening attention XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in the elderly are common. The pathophysiology of increased susceptibility is multifactorial. Age-related changes include a decline in cell-mediated immunity, @entity10 , structural urinary tract abnormalities (e.g., @entity9 ), @entity3 (e.g., @entity1 ) and increased incidence of urethral catheter placement. Catheter-associated @entity8 is the most common hospital-acquired @entity4 . Many elderly @entity0 , including those with catheter-associated @entity8 , are asymptomatic. @entity7 remains the most common uropathogen. However, @entity6 is more common among the elderly. The use of antimicrobial agents needs to be guided by current surveillance studies of targeted uropathogenic bacteria before being implemented. However, @entity5 in the elderly may lead to severe @entity2 . Therefore surgical intervention may be needed in these infections.

title: [Urinary tract XXXX in elderly @entity0 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in the elderly are common. The pathophysiology of increased susceptibility is multifactorial. Age-related changes include a decline in cell-mediated immunity, @entity10 , structural urinary tract abnormalities (e.g., @entity9 ), @entity3 (e.g., @entity1 ) and increased incidence of urethral catheter placement. Catheter-associated @entity8 is the most common hospital-acquired @entity4 . Many elderly @entity0 , including those with catheter-associated @entity8 , are asymptomatic. @entity7 remains the most common uropathogen. However, @entity6 is more common among the elderly. The use of antimicrobial agents needs to be guided by current surveillance studies of targeted uropathogenic bacteria before being implemented. However, @entity5 in the elderly may lead to severe @entity2 . Therefore surgical intervention may be needed in these infections.

title: [Urinary tract @entity4 in elderly XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The relationship between @entity2 use and @entity1 was examined in an anonymous telephone survey of 1740 randomly sampled employed adults (49% @entity0 ) residing in four New England states in 1982 and 1983. Respondents reported 383 accidents requiring medical attention during the year prior to the interview, 34 involving hospitalization. Of the accidents, 41% occurred at work, 32% during recreational and other activities, 19% at home and 8% in traffic incidents. Respondents were stratified by self-reported levels of @entity2 consumption and were compared on accident rates. Drinking at work was also examined for an association with accident involvement. Logistic regression analyses controlled for variability associated with age, sex, marital status, occupation and drug use. Drinking at work was not significantly or independently associated with job accidents but an average daily intake of 5+ drinks elevated the relative risk, compared with abstainers, as follows: 1.7 for any @entity1 , 3.8 for injuries requiring hospitalization and 2.0 for job-based @entity1 . The relative risks associated with the use of other psychoactive drugs were 1.7 for work accidents and 2.4 for accident-associated hospitalizations. Of the respondents, 13% reported having ever had a drug or @entity2 problem and 2% reported a current problem. Fourteen percent reported that there were counselors at their jobs to help with such problems. Of those who had ever experienced a problem, 11% had sought help from outside programs and only 4% had sought help at work.

title: Employee drinking patterns and XXXX : a study of four New England states.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate the impact of circadian patterns in the onset of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on the practice of primary angioplasty. BACKGROUND: A circadian variation in the time of onset of @entity1 with a peak in the morning hours has been described. METHODS: We studied 1,702 consecutive @entity0 with acute ST-segment elevation @entity1 treated with primary angioplasty. We observed circadian variation in frequency of symptom onset, hospital admission, and @entity2 . Circadian patterns of symptom onset, hospital admission, and balloon inflation are similar. RESULTS: A majority of @entity0 have symptom onset (53%), hospital admission (53%), and @entity2 (52%) during routine duty hours (0800 to 1800 h). There were no differences in baseline clinical characteristics or treatment delays between routine duty hours and off-hours @entity0 . Hospital admission between 0800 and 1800 was associated with an angioplasty failure rate of 3.8%, compared with 6.9% between 1800 and 0800, p < 0.01. Thirty-day mortality was 1.9% in @entity0 with hospital admission between 0800 and 1800, compared with 4.2% in @entity0 with hospital admission between 1800 and 0800, p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: Circadian variations may have a profound effect on the practice of primary angioplasty. A majority of @entity0 are treated during routine duty hours. @entity0 treated during off-hours have a higher incidence of failed angioplasty and consequently a worse clinical outcome than @entity0 treated during routine duty hours.

title: Outcome of primary angioplasty for XXXX during routine duty hours versus during off-hours.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) affords a considerable improvement in image contrast over other methods by virtue of the intrinsic NMR parameters spin density, T1, and T2. However, the clinical utility of routine quantification of these parameters is currently unknown. Calculated T2 images might afford additional disease specific information provided the calculation algorithm generates accurate T2 values. In this study, calculated T2 images of a @entity2 phantom (spanning a T2 range of interest of 45.7 ms to 346.6 ms at 6 MHz) were generated utilizing a variety of calculation algorithms based upon a data set of 32 sequential @entity1 ( @entity1 ) images. In general, when utilizing only the earliest sequential @entity1 after the 90 degree pulse for the T2 calculation, the greater the number of @entity1 used in the calculation algorithm, regardless of how they were averaged, the more accurate and less noisy was the calculated image. When only limited numbers of @entity1 were used in the calculation algorithm, accuracy and noise varied with the choice of TE suggesting that there may be optimal timings for TE for a particular T2 range of interest. Forty-two calculated T2 head images of normal subjects, based upon data sets of 16 sequential @entity1 , were evaluated for the T2 values of normal brain. These were compared to T2 images calculated via 7 different algorithms based upon 16 @entity1 data sets from two @entity0 with CNS pathology. An optimal algorithm was identified in which 16 @entity1 Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) were averaged into two images for the T2 calculation. With this algorithm, calculated images could be generated efficiently which were accurate and relatively noise free. The availability of such images maximized whatever disease specificity, and thus clinical utility, T2 information affords.

title: Improvements in the clinical utility of calculated T2 images of the XXXX brain.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In a retrospective analysis of 40 hospitalized @entity0 with the @entity7 ( @entity7 ), we related the use and outcome of assisted ventilation to specific quantitative details of the @entity1 . Two @entity0 had an unusually prolonged course: they were ventilated for 374 and 396 days before successful weaning. The other 38 @entity0 were similar in most respects to those in previously reported series. Sixteen ventilated @entity0 were hospitalized 56.6 +/- 10.6 (mean +/- S.E.M.) days, were ventilated 27.9 +/- 6.5 days, and had primarily @entity5 . There were 4 deaths during ventilation, and 9 of 13 survivors (69%) had a short-term excellent functional neurologic outcome. Attention to the neurologic details of the course of @entity4 may spare some @entity0 from tracheostomy. Twenty-two @entity0 not requiring respirator support suffered distinctly less severe @entity6 with @entity3 , had no occurrence of @entity2 , and were discharged after 19.1 +/- 4.6 days. Eighty-one percent had an excellent functional outcome. The wide range of manifestations and severity of @entity0 with @entity7 requires the attending physician to be flexible in dealing with each case and not make management decisions arbitrarily, by reference to a hypothetical "typical case."

title: The @entity7 : XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In a retrospective analysis of 40 hospitalized @entity0 with the @entity7 ( @entity7 ), we related the use and outcome of assisted ventilation to specific quantitative details of the @entity1 . Two @entity0 had an unusually prolonged course: they were ventilated for 374 and 396 days before successful weaning. The other 38 @entity0 were similar in most respects to those in previously reported series. Sixteen ventilated @entity0 were hospitalized 56.6 +/- 10.6 (mean +/- S.E.M.) days, were ventilated 27.9 +/- 6.5 days, and had primarily @entity5 . There were 4 deaths during ventilation, and 9 of 13 survivors (69%) had a short-term excellent functional neurologic outcome. Attention to the neurologic details of the course of @entity4 may spare some @entity0 from tracheostomy. Twenty-two @entity0 not requiring respirator support suffered distinctly less severe @entity6 with @entity3 , had no occurrence of @entity2 , and were discharged after 19.1 +/- 4.6 days. Eighty-one percent had an excellent functional outcome. The wide range of manifestations and severity of @entity0 with @entity7 requires the attending physician to be flexible in dealing with each case and not make management decisions arbitrarily, by reference to a hypothetical "typical case."

title: The XXXX : @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The aim was to give on overview of the profile of @entity2 , vascular pathology and the relationships between lifestyle and @entity2 in Japanese. Compared with the United States and Europe, the higher mortality from @entity1 and lower mortality from @entity6 constitute a unique cardiovascular profile for Japan. A selective review of population-based pathology, trend and prospective cohort studies was performed to clarify the characteristics of @entity2 and vascular pathology, trends in the incidence and mortality of @entity2 , and the relationships between lifestyle and @entity2 among Japanese adults. Since the 1970s, mortality from @entity6 as well as @entity1 has declined substantially in Japan, probably due to a major decline in blood pressure levels and for @entity0 a more recent decline in smoking, in spite of an increase in body mass index and total @entity4 levels. However, the decline in mortality was smaller and plateaued in middle-aged @entity0 aged 30-49 in the metropolitan cities of Tokyo and Osaka. The incidence of @entity6 has increased among middle-aged @entity0 residing in the suburbs of Osaka. As for the associations between lifestyle and @entity2 , higher @entity9 , lower @entity7 and lower animal protein content in the diet and for @entity0 higher @entity5 consumption may account for the higher prevalence of @entity3 and higher risk of @entity1 for Japanese than for western populations. On the other hand, lower saturated fat (meat) and higher n3 polyunsaturated fat (fish) in the Japanese diet may contribute to the lower prevalence of @entity8 and lower risk of @entity6 among Japanese. Japan is unique among developed countries in that @entity6 mortality has been low and has continued to decline, while @entity1 mortality has declined substantially. However, a recent trend for @entity6 incidence to increase among urban @entity0 is a cause for concern as a potential source of future problems for public health and clinical practice in Japan.

title: Lifestyle and XXXX in Japan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Prior studies have shown that @entity4 results in @entity1 in @entity0 with chronic, gradual coronary occlusion. This response was compared with that produced by acute, total occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Ten @entity0 served as controls; in another 10 @entity0 , an ameroid constrictor was implanted about the left anterior descending artery. This artery was acutely ligated in a third set of 10 animals, and in a final set of 10, the distal left anterior descending coronary vasculature was embolized by latex injection. @entity4 was produced by atrial pacing from rates of 90 to 250 beats/min using implanted atrial electrodes. Electrocardiographic signals registered from 84 torso electrodes were used to construct body surface isopotential maps during the ST segment. In normal @entity0 , pacing increased repolarization potentials without shifts in spatial features. New and abnormal anterior negativity, correlating with significant ST @entity1 , appeared at rates of 170 beats/min or faster in @entity0 with ameroid constriction. However, in both groups with @entity2 that produced transmural @entity3 , @entity4 resulted in increases in anterior ST elevation and reciprocal ST @entity1 . Specific findings demonstrated the lead dependency of the response to @entity4 and the greater than normal increase in potential magnitudes after @entity5 than in control cases. The similarity of the response with @entity2 and with embolization suggested that the response to @entity4 after @entity5 was not dependent on coronary collateral function but may represent a direct electrophysiologic effect of rate. Thus, these @entity2 models simulate exercise-induced ST segment elevation as it may be seen clinically.

title: Effects of experimental @entity3 on the ST segment response to XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Prior studies have shown that @entity4 results in @entity1 in @entity0 with chronic, gradual coronary occlusion. This response was compared with that produced by acute, total occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Ten @entity0 served as controls; in another 10 @entity0 , an ameroid constrictor was implanted about the left anterior descending artery. This artery was acutely ligated in a third set of 10 animals, and in a final set of 10, the distal left anterior descending coronary vasculature was embolized by latex injection. @entity4 was produced by atrial pacing from rates of 90 to 250 beats/min using implanted atrial electrodes. Electrocardiographic signals registered from 84 torso electrodes were used to construct body surface isopotential maps during the ST segment. In normal @entity0 , pacing increased repolarization potentials without shifts in spatial features. New and abnormal anterior negativity, correlating with significant ST @entity1 , appeared at rates of 170 beats/min or faster in @entity0 with ameroid constriction. However, in both groups with @entity2 that produced transmural @entity3 , @entity4 resulted in increases in anterior ST elevation and reciprocal ST @entity1 . Specific findings demonstrated the lead dependency of the response to @entity4 and the greater than normal increase in potential magnitudes after @entity5 than in control cases. The similarity of the response with @entity2 and with embolization suggested that the response to @entity4 after @entity5 was not dependent on coronary collateral function but may represent a direct electrophysiologic effect of rate. Thus, these @entity2 models simulate exercise-induced ST segment elevation as it may be seen clinically.

title: Effects of experimental XXXX on the ST segment response to @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Antiphospholipid (APLA), antiendothelial (AECA) and anti-oxidized LDL (anti-oxLDL) autoantibodies are found in @entity3 . Pathogenetic contingency of @entity6 and these autoantibodies is still discussed, the mechanisms of their action in atherogenesis are not quite clear so far. @entity0 in various stages of endogenous @entity7 as a model of accelerated @entity6 were investigated. We have sought possible correlations between autoantibodies and parameters of @entity6 with regard to the influence of endogenous @entity7 on the @entity1 . Low titres of autoantibodies in @entity0 with active forms of disease result from the immunosuppressive effect of @entity2 . None of investigated group had high titres of APLA. No differences were found in AECA occurrence. No correlation of APLA, anti-oxLDL nor AECA with urinary free @entity5 and plasma @entity5 was found. There were no significant differences in autoantibody titres between @entity0 with or without @entity4 . These results suggest, that autoantibodies may not always influence the development and progression of @entity6 .

title: [Endothelial, phospholipid and oxidized LDL antibodies in XXXX with endogenous hypercortisolism].

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are important evolving entities, which have reached much attention in the recent years. NMOSD are characterized by inflammatory lesions in the optic nerves, spinal cord, and central parts of the brain, as well as an autoimmune process directed against @entity5 . As disability in NMOSD accumulates by inflammatory damage from attacks, both the treatment and prevention of attacks are decisive for the long-term outcome. NMOSD attacks are treated with high-dose intravenous @entity0 and apheresis therapies, in particular therapeutic plasma exchange. In cases of incomplete remission, escalation of attack treatment is recommended. Preventive therapy is immunosuppressive and should by commenced as early as possible. Apart from classical immunosuppressants such as @entity1 and @entity2 , repurposed biologicals are increasingly used. B-cell depletion with rituximab and other agents, inhibition of the @entity3 receptor with tocilizumab, and blockade of complement-mediated damage by eculizumab all are promising therapeutic strategies evaluated in randomized controlled trials. In this review, we will discuss present and future immunotherapies for NMOSD and also consider combination of treatments, plasma, cellular and other therapies. Current advances in immunopathological knowledge are translated into innovative concepts and begin a new era of NMOSD therapy.

title: Present and Future Therapies in XXXX Spectrum Disorders.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fetal cardiac surgery holds a clear therapeutic benefit in the treatment of lesions that increase in complexity due to pathologic blood flow patterns during development. Fetal and neonatal myocardial physiology differ substantially, particularly in the regulation of myocardial @entity1 concentration. To examine issues of @entity1 homeostasis and fetal myocardial protection, a novel isolated biventricular working fetal heart preparation was developed. METHODS: Hearts from 20 fetal @entity2 , 115 to 125 days gestation, were harvested and perfused with standard Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution. The descending aorta was ligated distal to the ductal insertion and the branch pulmonary arteries were ligated to mimic fetal cardiovascular physiology. Hearts were arrested for 30 minutes with normocalcemic (n = 8), @entity4 (n = 6), or hypercalcemic (n = 6) cold crystalloid cardioplegia before reperfusion with K-H solution. RESULTS: Compared with normocalcemic cardioplegia, @entity4 improved preservation of left ventricular (LV) systolic function (88% +/- 2.2% vs 64% +/- 15% recovery of end-systolic elastance, p = 0.02), diastolic function (12% +/- 21% vs 38% +/- 11% increase in end-diastolic stiffness, p = 0.04), and myocardial contractility (97% +/- 9.6% vs 75.2% +/- 13% recovery of preload recruitable @entity0 work [PRSW], p = 0.04). In contrast, the fetal myocardium was sensitive to @entity3 with poor preservation of LV systolic function (37.5% +/- 8.4% recovery of elastance), diastolic function (86% +/- 21% increased stiffness), and overall contractility (32% +/- 13% recovery of PRSW). Myocardial water content was reduced in @entity3 with @entity4 (79% +/- 1.8% vs 83.7% +/- 0.9%, p = 0.0006). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the sensitivity of the fetal myocardium to cardioplegic @entity1 concentration. @entity4 provides superior preservation of systolic, diastolic, and contractile function of the fetal myocardium.

title: Fetal myocardial protection is markedly improved by reduced cardioplegic XXXX content.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: More insights in the etiopathogenesis of thrombi could be helpful in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). One of the most confident and early imaging findings of @entity1 includes arterial hyperdensity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether thrombi's density and length would be useful for predicting their origin. METHODS: We evaluated 68 consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 to correlate the presence of thrombi and their imaging features with the @entity1 subtype. RESULTS: After excluding @entity0 with small-artery occlusion mechanism and undetermined and other causes, the @entity1 etiologic subtypes were large-artery @entity3 (LAA) in 59.0% of the @entity0 , cardioembolism in 31.0%, and cervical @entity4 (CAD) in 10.0%. CAD more often caused thrombi with the longest length and highest attenuation, while thrombi that originated from the LAA had the smallest length and lowest attenuation. The mean Hounsfield unit (HU) values of all thrombi (with and without hyperdensity) on noncontrast computed tomography were 62.4 (50.0-70.0) in CAD, 53.8 (42.0-65.0) in cardioembolism, and 48.6 (27.0-65.0) in LAA. The length measurements were 28.5   mm (12.0-52.0) in CAD, 13.7   mm (5.0-31.0) in cardioembolism, and 10.8   mm (3.0-25.0) in the LAA subtype. The minimum cutoff value of 60   HU and a length greater than 20   mm were able to discriminate the CAD thrombi with an accuracy of 86.8% and 92.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study findings show how important thrombus analysis is in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity2 analysis can allow early suspicion of CAD before dedicated imaging of the cervical arteries is performed.

title: XXXX Features in Hyperacute Ischemic Stroke: A Perspective on Using Length and Density Evaluation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) continues to gain popularity as a treatment modality for early glottic @entity1 . Oncologic outcomes have been well-defined, but there are little data to date describing functional outcomes accounting for stage of resection. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed @entity0 -rated voice handicap and observer-rated vocal quality of @entity0 who underwent TLM for early @entity2 . @entity0 were grouped by European Laryngological Society (ELS) resection type, and the data were combined for ELS type I-III and compared with advanced resections (ELS IV-VI). The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) was used for @entity0 -rated voice outcomes, and voice recordings were graded by two senior speech-language pathologists. Voice recordings and VHI scores were taken preoperatively and at least 1 month postoperatively. RESULTS: No major complications were encountered. Six of 49 @entity0 underwent repeat resection for suspicious findings with pathology, demonstrating moderate @entity3 in two cases, @entity2 in situ in two cases, and inflamed mucosa only in two cases. There was no significant difference in preoperative VHI scores or objective voice grades among @entity0 who underwent limited (ELS I-III) and those who required more advanced (ELS IV-VI) resection. There was a significant improvement in VHI scores in @entity0 after ELS type I to III resection, from 38.77 to 22.86 (P   =   .006). There was no significant difference between mean preoperative and postoperative perceptual evaluation scores in @entity0 who underwent ELS type I, II, or III resections (62.25 and 64.32 respectively, P   =   .621). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who undergo limited ELS resections can be assured of having a similar to improved voice after healing. @entity0 who undergo extended resections have poorer vocal outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 126:405-407, 2016.

title: Subjective and objective voice outcomes after transoral laser microsurgery for early glottic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the natural history of small asymptomatic @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and to present a matched comparison between groups who underwent either initial observation or resection. Management approach for small @entity4 is uncertain. METHODS: Incidentally discovered, sporadic, small (<3  cm), stage I-II @entity4 were analyzed retrospectively between 1993 and 2013. Diagnosis was determined either by pathology or imaging characteristics. Intention-to-treat analysis was applied. RESULTS: A total of 464 @entity0 were reviewed. Observation was recommended for 104 @entity0 (observation group), and these @entity0 were matched to 77 @entity0 in the resection group based on @entity2 size at initial imaging. The observation group was significantly older (median 63 vs. 59  years, p  =  0.04) and tended towards shorter follow-up (44 vs. 57  months, p  =  0.06). Within the observation group, 26 of the 104 @entity0 (25  %) underwent subsequent @entity2 resection after a median observation interval of 30  months (range 7-135). At the time of last follow-up of the observation group, the median @entity2 size had not changed (1.2  cm, p  =  0.7), and no @entity0 had developed evidence of @entity1 . Within the resection group, low-grade (G1) pathology was recorded in 72 (95  %) @entity2 and 5 (6  %) developed a recurrence, which occurred after a median of 5.1 (range 2.9-8.1) years. No @entity0 in either group died from disease. @entity3 from other causes occurred in 11 of 181 (6  %) @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study, no @entity0 who was initially observed developed @entity1 or died from disease after a median follow-up of 44  months. Observation for stable, small, incidentally discovered @entity4 is reasonable in selected @entity0 .

title: Observation versus Resection for Small Asymptomatic XXXX : A Matched Case-Control Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Teach-back may improve communication, but has not been well studied in the emergency setting. The goal of this study was to characterize perceptions of teach-back in the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) by health literacy. METHODS: We conducted an in-depth interview study on the @entity1 discharge process examining teach-back techniques in two tertiary care centers (adult and pediatric), using asthma as a model system for health communication. @entity0 were screened for health literacy, and purposive sampling was used to balance the sample between literacy groups. Interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was reached for each literacy group at each site; audiotaped, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. RESULTS: Fifty-one interviews were completed (31 parents; 20 @entity0 ). Across all groups, @entity0 felt that teach-back would help them confirm learning, avoid forgetting key information, and improve doctor- @entity0 communication. @entity0 with limited health literacy raised concerns about teach-back being condescending, but suggested techniques for introducing the technique to avoid this perception. CONCLUSION: Most @entity0 were supportive of teach-back techniques, but many were concerned about perceived judgment from providers. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Future investigations should focus on feasibility and efficacy of teach-back in the @entity1 and using @entity0 generated wording to introduce teach-back.

title: "Like a dialogue": Teach-back in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Untreated mental health problems may result in poor outcomes for youth with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). We investigated perceptions, barriers and facilitators for mental healthcare of these youth. METHODS: We conducted 32 semi-structured interviews with 16 outpatient youth with @entity3 / @entity4 , ages 11-22 years, and their parents. We used purposive sampling to deliberately obtain the experiences of youth screened during a previous study for @entity2 and @entity1 with the @entity0 Health Questionnaire 9 and the Screen for Childhood @entity1 , respectively. We recruited 6 youth with previous positive screens and 10 with negative screens. We assessed interim mental health history, and qualitatively examined perceptions, barriers and facilitators for mental healthcare. RESULTS: Youth with a mental health history increased from 6 (38  %) at initial screening to 9 (56  %) at interview (mean follow-up   =   2.1  years). Youth receiving mental health treatment increased from 33 to 67  %. Youth and parents identified rheumatologists as primary physicians and found mental health screening in rheumatology acceptable. Barriers to mental healthcare included: stigma; fear; uncertainty about getting help; parental emotional burden; minimization by doctors; and limited mental healthcare access. Facilitators included: strong clinician relationships; clinician initiative, sincerity and normalization in discussing mental health; and increased @entity0 /family awareness of mental health issues in @entity3 / @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Youth with @entity3 / @entity4 and their parents perceive pediatric rheumatologists as a preferred source for mental health screening, guidance and referral. Interventions addressing barriers and enhancing facilitators may improve mental healthcare for youth with @entity3 / @entity4 .

title: Barriers and facilitators for mental healthcare in pediatric lupus and XXXX : a qualitative study of youth and parent perspectives.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Thirty-four @entity0 with @entity2 treated by prostatectomy received postoperative external beam radiation. Sixteen @entity0 were treated within 4 months of radical prostatectomy (group 1), 12 @entity0 were treated for @entity2 following initial enucleative prostatectomy for benign @entity4 (group 2) and 6 @entity0 were treated for palpable local recurrence 4 to 10 years following radical prostatectomy (group 3). The indications for postoperative radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy included extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, peri-prostatic soft tissue involvement, positive margins or palpable local recurrence. Eighty-five percent of the @entity0 received whole pelvic radiation. All @entity0 then had a 2-week treatment rest followed by a reduced portal to the prostate bed to a dose of 6500 cGy. The local control rate after radiotherapy was 100% with a median follow-up of 4 years. The 5-year actuarial survival and disease-free survival rates for all @entity0 were 82 and 72%, respectively. In group 1, the 5-year actuarial survival and disease-free survival rates were 100 and 91%, respectively. In group 2, these rates were 77 and 64%. Three of the six @entity0 in group 3 died within 30 months of radiotherapy. Fourteen @entity0 (41%) had mild to moderate treatment related symptoms including seven @entity0 (21%) with lower @entity1 , five @entity0 (15%) with @entity5 , two @entity0 (6%) with urethral stricture and three @entity0 (9%) with @entity6 . Six of eight @entity0 who were potent prior to radiation retained potency thereafter. No severe @entity3 occurred. We conclude that external beam radiation therapy administered after prostatectomy resulted in an acceptable therapeutic ratio with 100% local regional control, and an acceptable complication rate (41%).

title: Definitive radiotherapy following prostatectomy: results and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The presence of non-enhancing cortical signal abnormality is useful for differentiating between @entity1 and metastatic disease, but its significance has not been studied. We aimed to determine the incidence and prognostic implications of non-enhancing cortical signal abnormality in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 with a new diagnosis of @entity1 between September 2007 and December 2010 were identified. Only @entity0 with at least fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and post-contrast T1-weighted sequences were included. Pre-operative MRIs were reviewed together by two readers to determine whether there was evidence of non-enhancing cortical signal abnormality, based primarily on the FLAIR sequence. The results were compared with @entity0 survival using both univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-one @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. Seventy-seven @entity0 (51%) had evidence of non-enhancing cortical signal abnormality. On both univariate and multivariate analysis, there was overall no significant difference in survival between @entity0 with non-enhancing cortical signal abnormality and those without. Peripheral enhancing lesions (51 @entity0 ) were generally associated with the longest survival, but subgroup analysis suggested that non-enhancing signal abnormality was associated with worse survival in these @entity0 (P   =   0.004), conveying an intermediate prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Non-enhancing cortical signal abnormality is a common feature of @entity1 , occurring in about half of cases. It does not affect survival overall, but appears to be associated with worse survival in the setting of a peripherally located enhancing lesion. This has the potential to alter surgical management.

title: Incidence and prognostic significance of non-enhancing cortical signal abnormality in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To assess the performance of the @entity4 Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation at baseline and longitudinally in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . METHODS: Adults with @entity2 2 @entity1 attending Austin Health, Melbourne, with>= 3 prospective @entity7 measurements were included in this retrospective study. Plasma disappearance rate of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was used to calculate measured @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and compared to estimated @entity7 (eGFR). The agreement between @entity7 and eGFR was estimated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: 152 @entity0 had a median of 4 (IQR: 3, 5) @entity7 measurements over a period of 11years (IQR: 9, 12). The difference between @entity7 and eGFR increased proportionally to the magnitude of the @entity7 , increasing by 0.2ml/min/1.73m(2) for every 1ml/min/1.73m(2) increase in @entity7 , indicative of proportional bias. At lower @entity7 levels, eGFR overestimated @entity7 , and at higher @entity7 levels, eGFR underestimated @entity7 . There was a significant association between LDL @entity3 , @entity5 , HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure and the difference between @entity7 and eGFR. CONCLUSIONS: The CKD-EPI formula underestimates @entity7 and the rate of decline of @entity7 in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 with an @entity7 greater than 60ml/min/1.73m(2). The association between LDL @entity3 , @entity5 , HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure and the difference between @entity7 and eGFR warrants further study.

title: Estimating glomerular filtration rate: Performance of the CKD-EPI equation over time in @entity0 with XXXX 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: To assess the performance of the @entity4 Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation at baseline and longitudinally in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . METHODS: Adults with @entity2 2 @entity1 attending Austin Health, Melbourne, with>= 3 prospective @entity7 measurements were included in this retrospective study. Plasma disappearance rate of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was used to calculate measured @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and compared to estimated @entity7 (eGFR). The agreement between @entity7 and eGFR was estimated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: 152 @entity0 had a median of 4 (IQR: 3, 5) @entity7 measurements over a period of 11years (IQR: 9, 12). The difference between @entity7 and eGFR increased proportionally to the magnitude of the @entity7 , increasing by 0.2ml/min/1.73m(2) for every 1ml/min/1.73m(2) increase in @entity7 , indicative of proportional bias. At lower @entity7 levels, eGFR overestimated @entity7 , and at higher @entity7 levels, eGFR underestimated @entity7 . There was a significant association between LDL @entity3 , @entity5 , HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure and the difference between @entity7 and eGFR. CONCLUSIONS: The CKD-EPI formula underestimates @entity7 and the rate of decline of @entity7 in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 with an @entity7 greater than 60ml/min/1.73m(2). The association between LDL @entity3 , @entity5 , HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure and the difference between @entity7 and eGFR warrants further study.

title: Estimating glomerular filtration rate: Performance of the CKD-EPI equation over time in @entity0 with @entity2 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To assess the performance of the @entity4 Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation at baseline and longitudinally in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . METHODS: Adults with @entity2 2 @entity1 attending Austin Health, Melbourne, with>= 3 prospective @entity7 measurements were included in this retrospective study. Plasma disappearance rate of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was used to calculate measured @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and compared to estimated @entity7 (eGFR). The agreement between @entity7 and eGFR was estimated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: 152 @entity0 had a median of 4 (IQR: 3, 5) @entity7 measurements over a period of 11years (IQR: 9, 12). The difference between @entity7 and eGFR increased proportionally to the magnitude of the @entity7 , increasing by 0.2ml/min/1.73m(2) for every 1ml/min/1.73m(2) increase in @entity7 , indicative of proportional bias. At lower @entity7 levels, eGFR overestimated @entity7 , and at higher @entity7 levels, eGFR underestimated @entity7 . There was a significant association between LDL @entity3 , @entity5 , HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure and the difference between @entity7 and eGFR. CONCLUSIONS: The CKD-EPI formula underestimates @entity7 and the rate of decline of @entity7 in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 with an @entity7 greater than 60ml/min/1.73m(2). The association between LDL @entity3 , @entity5 , HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure and the difference between @entity7 and eGFR warrants further study.

title: Estimating glomerular filtration rate: Performance of the CKD-EPI equation over time in XXXX with @entity2 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is difficult to treat and available options are frequently not sufficient. The expectorant @entity9 also works as a strong local anesthetic and blocks @entity5 channels about 40 times more potently than @entity7 . @entity9 preferentially inhibits the channel subtype @entity10 , which is expressed particularly in nociceptive C  fibers. Due to the @entity3 , topical @entity9 seemed to represent a reasonable therapeutic attempt for treatment of @entity1 resistant to other standard options. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 7 @entity0 with severe @entity1 , in whom many attempts at treatment with approved substances were not sufficient or possible, are reported retrospectively. @entity0 were then treated with topical @entity9 20   % cream applied in the area of @entity1 . RESULTS: Causes of @entity1 were @entity11 (2-*), @entity8 , @entity4 , @entity4 , @entity2 and an unclear allodynia of the foot. Mean @entity4 intensity was reported as 4-6/10 on a numeric rating scale (NRS) and maximum @entity4 intensity as 6-10/10. @entity4 following @entity9 cream was 2-8 points (NRS) within 15-30  min and lasted 3-8  h. @entity4 attacks were reduced in all 5 @entity0 presenting this problem. Topical @entity9 achieved @entity4 reduction in 4 @entity0 with no improvement after @entity7 5   % and 1 @entity0 with no response to @entity6 8   %. No adverse events or skin changes have been observed, and the longest treatment duration is currently 4 years. CONCLUSION: @entity9 acts as a strong local anesthetic and preferentially inhibits the nociceptive-relevant @entity5 channel subtype @entity10 . For the first time, we report relevant @entity4 reduction following topical @entity9 20   % cream in @entity0 with @entity1 . Regarding the advantageous profile with rare side effects, the clinical benefit for @entity4 @entity0 should be further investigated.

title: [Topical @entity9 for the treatment of XXXX : A first clinical observation. German version].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is difficult to treat and available options are frequently not sufficient. The expectorant @entity9 also works as a strong local anesthetic and blocks @entity5 channels about 40 times more potently than @entity7 . @entity9 preferentially inhibits the channel subtype @entity10 , which is expressed particularly in nociceptive C  fibers. Due to the @entity3 , topical @entity9 seemed to represent a reasonable therapeutic attempt for treatment of @entity1 resistant to other standard options. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 7 @entity0 with severe @entity1 , in whom many attempts at treatment with approved substances were not sufficient or possible, are reported retrospectively. @entity0 were then treated with topical @entity9 20   % cream applied in the area of @entity1 . RESULTS: Causes of @entity1 were @entity11 (2-*), @entity8 , @entity4 , @entity4 , @entity2 and an unclear allodynia of the foot. Mean @entity4 intensity was reported as 4-6/10 on a numeric rating scale (NRS) and maximum @entity4 intensity as 6-10/10. @entity4 following @entity9 cream was 2-8 points (NRS) within 15-30  min and lasted 3-8  h. @entity4 attacks were reduced in all 5 @entity0 presenting this problem. Topical @entity9 achieved @entity4 reduction in 4 @entity0 with no improvement after @entity7 5   % and 1 @entity0 with no response to @entity6 8   %. No adverse events or skin changes have been observed, and the longest treatment duration is currently 4 years. CONCLUSION: @entity9 acts as a strong local anesthetic and preferentially inhibits the nociceptive-relevant @entity5 channel subtype @entity10 . For the first time, we report relevant @entity4 reduction following topical @entity9 20   % cream in @entity0 with @entity1 . Regarding the advantageous profile with rare side effects, the clinical benefit for @entity4 @entity0 should be further investigated.

title: [Topical XXXX for the treatment of @entity1 : A first clinical observation. German version].

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are commonly placed in the lateral ventricle but rarely placed in other ventricular compartments. This manuscript describes technical aspects of VAD placement into the fourth ventricle for the purpose of treating @entity4 . METHODS: As part of a pilot clinical trial to treat recurrent malignant @entity4 in @entity0 , seven @entity0 underwent posterior fossa craniotomy and placement of a ventricular catheter under direct vision into the fourth ventricle. The catheter was placed without passing through any brain parenchyma. It was then connected to a VAD placed subcutaneously at the inferior aspect of the incision. Three of the seven @entity0 underwent simultaneous subtotal resection of recurrent @entity1 located in the fourth ventricle or cerebellum, and one @entity0 underwent simultaneous @entity1 biopsy. The VAD was used to administer chemotherapy ( @entity5 ) in five of the seven @entity0 . RESULTS: Six @entity0 had no new @entity2 after surgery, and one @entity0 had partial left-sided facial weakness that was attributed to resection of @entity1 close to the floor of the fourth ventricle. No new @entity2 were caused by VAD placement or by @entity5 infusions into the fourth ventricle. CONCLUSIONS: A VAD for chemotherapy infusion can be placed safely into the fourth ventricle without damaging the brainstem or cerebellum. Attention to anatomical details specific to the fourth ventricle are important when placing a fourth ventricle VAD and when using it to administer chemotherapy.

title: Ventricular access device placement in the fourth ventricle to treat malignant fourth XXXX : technical note.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The Swedish Association for Sex Education tested 1556 @entity0 for @entity1 . The @entity0 were 14-49 years of age and attended contraceptive clinics in Stockholm and Goteborg. Cultures were taken from the urethra, cervix, and rectum. 24 (1.5%) of the @entity0 had @entity1 , of whom 23 were between 15-24. 21 of the 1023 unmarried @entity0 had positive @entity1 tests. 16 of the 1137 @entity0 who used oral contraceptives had positive tests. Gonococci were found in 20 cervical tests, 11 urethral tests, and 6 rectal tests. 3 cases were diagnosed solely by the rectal tests. 11 of the 24 @entity0 had no symptoms, 6 pelvic afflictions, and 3 had urethral afflictions. In some cases @entity0 who had had sexual contact with the infected @entity0 were tested; 1 positive @entity1 test was found among these @entity0 .

title: [Screening tests for XXXX in clinics for contraceptive advice].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Regional chemotherapy with intra-arterial @entity4 and @entity2 as an adjuvant to total cystectomy and urinary diversion has been evaluated in a phase I to II study. In the first 17 @entity0 chemotherapy consisted of 40 to 75 mg. per m. @entity4 intra-arterially during 30 minutes, 30 to 40 mg. per m. @entity2 intra-arterially during 60 minutes (11 @entity0 ) or 12 hours (6 @entity0 ) and 400 to 500 mg. per m. @entity3 intravenously. The remaining 8 @entity0 received 70 to 100 mg. per m. @entity4 intra-arterially during 30 minutes. Intra-arterial chemotherapy was administered through a percutaneous catheter placed in the hypogastric artery before each course. Courses were repeated at 4-week intervals. A total of 25 @entity0 received 58 courses (median 2 per @entity0 ). Clinical stages of disease in the @entity0 entering the protocol were T3aNxMo (8), T3bNx-2Mo (12) and T4a-bNxMx-1 (5). Clinical response was assessed in 24 of 25 @entity0 : 6 achieved a complete clinical response, 12 had a partial response and 7 had no response. Of 25 @entity0 16 underwent total cystectomy and urinary diversion with pathological staging as follows: ToNoMo in 3, T1NoMo in 1, T3aNoMo in 5, T3bNo-2Mo in 6 and T4NoMo in 1. Intra-arterial chemotherapy can produce a complete pathological response in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity1 and is tolerated well by most @entity0 .

title: Intra-arterial chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery in transitional cell XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The course and outcome of 169 pregnancies in 156 @entity0 with chronic @entity1 were studied. Antihypertensive medications were given if the diastolic blood pressure exceeded 90 mmHg. A number of major associated medical problems were found. @entity5 , a serum @entity2 greater than 1.0 mg%, and a diastolic pressure greater than 100 mmHg at less than 20 weeks' gestation were high-risk indicators. The overall perinatal mortality was 28.4 of 1000 (versus hospital of 25.6 of 1000). Despite antihypertensive therapy, one-third of the @entity0 developed superimposed @entity3 . The poorest outcome occurred in @entity0 with superimposed @entity3 necessitating delivery at 27 to 34 weeks' gestation (perinatal mortality = 238 of 1000). Antepartum fetal heart rate testing was abnormal in 10% of the @entity0 with @entity4 occurring in 15%. The incidence of @entity4 was fourfold higher (20 versus 5%) in @entity0 treated with antihypertensive drugs, particularly methyldopa as a single agent. However, this may have been related more to the study design than to a detrimental effect of the drug. The perinatal outcome in this study is similar to the outcome of studies in which antihypertensive therapy was withheld. This indicates that controlling the blood pressure is merely one aspect of the management of chronic @entity1 in pregnancy. Accurate dating, attention to associated medical problems, antenatal fetal assessment by ultrasound and heart rate monitoring, and carefully timed delivery are additional important factors.

title: Chronic XXXX in pregnancy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: Mixed findings exist on whether stimulant medications alter youth sleep. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of stimulant medications on sleep. DATA STUDIES: Studies published through March 2015 were collected via CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed. References of retrieved articles were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Eligibility criteria included studies with @entity0 /adolescents who had @entity2 ( @entity2 ), random assignment to stimulants, and objective sleep measurement. Studies that did not include information about key variables were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: Study-level, @entity0 -level, and sleep data were extracted by 2 independent coders. Effect sizes were calculated by using random effects models. Potential moderators were examined by using mixed effect models. RESULTS: A total of 9 articles (N = 246) were included. For sleep latency, the adjusted effect size (0.54) was significant, indicating that stimulants produce longer sleep latencies. Frequency of dose per day was a significant moderator. For sleep efficiency, the adjusted effect size (-0.32) was significant. Significant moderators included length of time on medication, number of nights of sleep assessed, polysomnography/actigraphy, and gender. Specifically, the effect of medication was less evident when youth were taking medication longer. For total sleep time, the effect size (-0.59) was significant, such that stimulants led to @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: Limitations include few studies, limited methodologic variability, and lack of unpublished studies. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulant medication led to longer sleep latency, worse sleep efficiency, and @entity1 . Overall, youth had worse sleep on stimulant medications. It is recommended that pediatricians carefully monitor sleep problems and adjust treatment to promote optimal sleep.

title: Stimulant Medications and Sleep for Youth With XXXX : A Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some cases of apparently @entity2 ( @entity2 ) may be caused by pituitary autoimmunity. OBJECTIVE: To study the variations in pituitary function and antipituitary antibodies (APA) from childhood to transition age in @entity0 with apparently idiopathic @entity2 . DESIGN: We conducted a longitudinal study. @entity0 AND METHODS: Pituitary function and APA detection by immunofluorescence were investigated in 24 childhood @entity0 with @entity2 before starting recombinant GH therapy and after the stopping of this therapy in transition age. Sera of @entity0 positive for APA were processed by double immunofluorescence to identify their pituitary target. RESULTS: At diagnosis, 16 out of 24 @entity0 were APA positive targeting only somatotrophs (group 1), while the remaining eight were APA negative (group 2). When retested off therapy, 12 out of 16 @entity0 in group 1 persisted being APA positive, while the remaining four became negative with recovery of pituitary function. All @entity0 in group 2 persisted being APA negative but still showing @entity2 . Of the 12 @entity0 persistently APA positive, eight with confirmed @entity2 showed APA still targeting somatotrophs, whereas four showed APA targeting only gonadotrophs associated with isolated @entity3 ( @entity3 ). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with APA at middle but not at high titer in childhood may show a remission of @entity1 in childhood after GH replacement therapy. As APA may shift their target in transition period, an early characterization of APA by double immunofluorescence is advisable in APA positive @entity2 @entity0 showing delayed puberty, to allow an early diagnosis and an appropriate therapy, thus preventing the progression toward @entity3 .

title: Longitudinal behavior of XXXX : from childhood to transition age.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A new commercial auditory evoked potential (AEP) monitor (A-line AEP monitor) was developed to calculate an index ( @entity4 AEP index; AAI) by automatically using the amplitudes and latencies of the AEP. We investigated 30 @entity0 before spine surgery. AAI; bispectral index (BIS); relative (%) delta, theta, alpha, and beta; spectral edge frequency; median frequency; mean arterial blood pressure; heart rate; and @entity1 saturation were obtained simultaneously during stepwise (1.0 micro g/mL) induction of target-controlled @entity2 concentration until 5.0 micro g/mL, followed by an infusion of 0.3 micro g. kg(-1). min(-1) of @entity3 . Every minute, the @entity0 were asked to squeeze the observer's hand. Prediction probability (Pk), receiver operating characteristic, and logistic regression were used to calculate the probability to predict the conditions AWAKE, UNCONSCIOUSNESS (first loss of hand squeeze), and steady-state ANESTHESIA (5.0 micro g/mL of @entity2 and 0.3 micro g. kg(-1). min(-1) of @entity3 ). Although a statistically significant difference among the conditions was observed for AAI, BIS, mean arterial blood pressure, median frequency, and %alpha, only AAI and BIS were able to distinguish UNCONSCIOUSNESS versus AWAKE and ANESTHESIA versus AWAKE with better than Pk = 0.90. The modern electroencephalographic variables AAI and BIS were superior to the classic electroencephalographic and hemodynamic variables to distinguish the observed anesthetic conditions. IMPLICATIONS: The modern electroencephalographic @entity4 -derived auditory evoked potential index and the bispectral index were superior to the classic electroencephalographic and hemodynamic variables for predicting anesthetic conditions. Variables derived from the auditory evoked potential did not provide an advantage over variables derived from spontaneous electroencephalogram.

title: XXXX -derived auditory evoked potential index and bispectral index during the induction of anesthesia with @entity2 and @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A new commercial auditory evoked potential (AEP) monitor (A-line AEP monitor) was developed to calculate an index ( @entity4 AEP index; AAI) by automatically using the amplitudes and latencies of the AEP. We investigated 30 @entity0 before spine surgery. AAI; bispectral index (BIS); relative (%) delta, theta, alpha, and beta; spectral edge frequency; median frequency; mean arterial blood pressure; heart rate; and @entity1 saturation were obtained simultaneously during stepwise (1.0 micro g/mL) induction of target-controlled @entity2 concentration until 5.0 micro g/mL, followed by an infusion of 0.3 micro g. kg(-1). min(-1) of @entity3 . Every minute, the @entity0 were asked to squeeze the observer's hand. Prediction probability (Pk), receiver operating characteristic, and logistic regression were used to calculate the probability to predict the conditions AWAKE, UNCONSCIOUSNESS (first loss of hand squeeze), and steady-state ANESTHESIA (5.0 micro g/mL of @entity2 and 0.3 micro g. kg(-1). min(-1) of @entity3 ). Although a statistically significant difference among the conditions was observed for AAI, BIS, mean arterial blood pressure, median frequency, and %alpha, only AAI and BIS were able to distinguish UNCONSCIOUSNESS versus AWAKE and ANESTHESIA versus AWAKE with better than Pk = 0.90. The modern electroencephalographic variables AAI and BIS were superior to the classic electroencephalographic and hemodynamic variables to distinguish the observed anesthetic conditions. IMPLICATIONS: The modern electroencephalographic @entity4 -derived auditory evoked potential index and the bispectral index were superior to the classic electroencephalographic and hemodynamic variables for predicting anesthetic conditions. Variables derived from the auditory evoked potential did not provide an advantage over variables derived from spontaneous electroencephalogram.

title: @entity4 -derived auditory evoked potential index and bispectral index during the induction of anesthesia with @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A new commercial auditory evoked potential (AEP) monitor (A-line AEP monitor) was developed to calculate an index ( @entity4 AEP index; AAI) by automatically using the amplitudes and latencies of the AEP. We investigated 30 @entity0 before spine surgery. AAI; bispectral index (BIS); relative (%) delta, theta, alpha, and beta; spectral edge frequency; median frequency; mean arterial blood pressure; heart rate; and @entity1 saturation were obtained simultaneously during stepwise (1.0 micro g/mL) induction of target-controlled @entity2 concentration until 5.0 micro g/mL, followed by an infusion of 0.3 micro g. kg(-1). min(-1) of @entity3 . Every minute, the @entity0 were asked to squeeze the observer's hand. Prediction probability (Pk), receiver operating characteristic, and logistic regression were used to calculate the probability to predict the conditions AWAKE, UNCONSCIOUSNESS (first loss of hand squeeze), and steady-state ANESTHESIA (5.0 micro g/mL of @entity2 and 0.3 micro g. kg(-1). min(-1) of @entity3 ). Although a statistically significant difference among the conditions was observed for AAI, BIS, mean arterial blood pressure, median frequency, and %alpha, only AAI and BIS were able to distinguish UNCONSCIOUSNESS versus AWAKE and ANESTHESIA versus AWAKE with better than Pk = 0.90. The modern electroencephalographic variables AAI and BIS were superior to the classic electroencephalographic and hemodynamic variables to distinguish the observed anesthetic conditions. IMPLICATIONS: The modern electroencephalographic @entity4 -derived auditory evoked potential index and the bispectral index were superior to the classic electroencephalographic and hemodynamic variables for predicting anesthetic conditions. Variables derived from the auditory evoked potential did not provide an advantage over variables derived from spontaneous electroencephalogram.

title: @entity4 -derived auditory evoked potential index and bispectral index during the induction of anesthesia with XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Lectins are glycoproteins of plant and animal origin that have the ability to bind specific @entity2 residues of cell glycoconjugates, particularly in terminal positions. In this study, the binding of lectins, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), @entity0 agglutinin (SBA), Bandeiraea simplicifolia BS-1 (isolectin B4), @entity4 (WGA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Ulex europaeus (UEA-I), was studied in the reproductive systems of male thoroughbred @entity1 . @entity6 was detected in the stereocilia of the caput and @entity5 , and in the vas deferens. It was weakly detected in connective tissue of the @entity5 . Strong SBA staining was seen in epithelial cells in the testis, stereocilia of the corpus and @entity3 , and in the vas deferens. There were intense positive reactions for isolectin B4 in interstitial cells in all tissue and serosa of the vas deferens. PNA staining was seen only in stereocilia in the caput and @entity5 , and in the vas deferens. Strong WGA staining was seen throughout the testis, except in Sertoli cells, stereocilia, and connective tissue. UEA-I was detected in secondary spermatids, stereocilia, and epithelial cells of the @entity3 . These results show that degenerating cells in the testis, epididymal tubules, and vas deferens have differential affinities for lectins, and suggest that lectins play a role in the reproductive system of the @entity1 . The heterogeneity of the lectin staining pattern in the reproductive tubules of adult @entity1 suggests that the @entity2 composition of each cell type is region specific.

title: Histochemical detection of glycoconjugates in the male reproductive system of the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 15-year-old @entity0 referred because of primary @entity2 was found to have a hypoplastic uterus and persistent @entity4 (72-110 ng/ml). The gonadotrophin-dependent pubertal signs, i.e. breast and vulvar development, were significantly retarded (Tanner stage 2-3) while sexual hair was well developed; bone age was 13 years. The endocrinological evaluation revealed gonadotrophin secretion (LH-basal: 0.85-1.25; peak after LH-RH: 10.4 mIU/ml; FSH-basal: 1.63-2.5; peak: 8.2 mIU/ml) and E2 levels (26-68 pg/ml) which were appropriate for Tanner stage 3. The high basal levels of @entity5 were nonresponsive to either stimulatory (TRH) or inhibitory ( @entity7 ) agents. CT scan of the brain suggested the presence of a @entity6 . Following therapy with @entity3 (2.5 mg/day) plasma @entity5 levels dropped to normal (5-6.8 ng/ml) with an accompanying catch-up of pubertal development and linear growth and a marked increase in size of the uterus as documented by repeated ultrasonographic examinations. Menarche occurred 5 months after initiation of therapy, followed by regular menses thereafter. Repeated CT scan of the brain showed a decrease in the density and size of the still persisting lesion. This @entity0 demonstrates that @entity4 can cause delayed @entity1 with a particular inhibitory effect on uterine growth and development.

title: @entity1 and hypoplastic uterus associated with @entity4 : successful treatment with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 15-year-old @entity0 referred because of primary @entity2 was found to have a hypoplastic uterus and persistent @entity4 (72-110 ng/ml). The gonadotrophin-dependent pubertal signs, i.e. breast and vulvar development, were significantly retarded (Tanner stage 2-3) while sexual hair was well developed; bone age was 13 years. The endocrinological evaluation revealed gonadotrophin secretion (LH-basal: 0.85-1.25; peak after LH-RH: 10.4 mIU/ml; FSH-basal: 1.63-2.5; peak: 8.2 mIU/ml) and E2 levels (26-68 pg/ml) which were appropriate for Tanner stage 3. The high basal levels of @entity5 were nonresponsive to either stimulatory (TRH) or inhibitory ( @entity7 ) agents. CT scan of the brain suggested the presence of a @entity6 . Following therapy with @entity3 (2.5 mg/day) plasma @entity5 levels dropped to normal (5-6.8 ng/ml) with an accompanying catch-up of pubertal development and linear growth and a marked increase in size of the uterus as documented by repeated ultrasonographic examinations. Menarche occurred 5 months after initiation of therapy, followed by regular menses thereafter. Repeated CT scan of the brain showed a decrease in the density and size of the still persisting lesion. This @entity0 demonstrates that @entity4 can cause delayed @entity1 with a particular inhibitory effect on uterine growth and development.

title: XXXX and hypoplastic uterus associated with @entity4 : successful treatment with @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 15-year-old @entity0 referred because of primary @entity2 was found to have a hypoplastic uterus and persistent @entity4 (72-110 ng/ml). The gonadotrophin-dependent pubertal signs, i.e. breast and vulvar development, were significantly retarded (Tanner stage 2-3) while sexual hair was well developed; bone age was 13 years. The endocrinological evaluation revealed gonadotrophin secretion (LH-basal: 0.85-1.25; peak after LH-RH: 10.4 mIU/ml; FSH-basal: 1.63-2.5; peak: 8.2 mIU/ml) and E2 levels (26-68 pg/ml) which were appropriate for Tanner stage 3. The high basal levels of @entity5 were nonresponsive to either stimulatory (TRH) or inhibitory ( @entity7 ) agents. CT scan of the brain suggested the presence of a @entity6 . Following therapy with @entity3 (2.5 mg/day) plasma @entity5 levels dropped to normal (5-6.8 ng/ml) with an accompanying catch-up of pubertal development and linear growth and a marked increase in size of the uterus as documented by repeated ultrasonographic examinations. Menarche occurred 5 months after initiation of therapy, followed by regular menses thereafter. Repeated CT scan of the brain showed a decrease in the density and size of the still persisting lesion. This @entity0 demonstrates that @entity4 can cause delayed @entity1 with a particular inhibitory effect on uterine growth and development.

title: @entity1 and hypoplastic uterus associated with XXXX : successful treatment with @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The objectives of the present study were to compare the in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization and early embryonic development of @entity2 oocytes recovered from ovaries during the follicular, metestrus and diestrus stages of the estrous cycle and at anestrus and pregnancy after maturation in a serum free culture medium. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) collected from ovaries at different reproductive statuses were matured in medium 199 supplemented with 10 g/ml FSH, 10 g/ml LH, 1.5 g/m @entity0 , 75 g/ml @entity5 , 100 IU/ml @entity1 and 10 mM @entity6 . COCs were incubated in 200 microl droplets of maturation medium 199 under oil for 24 h at 39 90 degree angle c and 5% @entity3 . Matured oocytes were exposed to frozen-thawed TALP swim up, heparin capacitated sperm from two bulls separately in each replicate (20 h, 39C, 5% @entity3 ). After fertilization, the presumptive zygotes were cultured in medium 199 containing 8 mg/ml BSA-V, 100 IU/ml @entity4 , 75 g/ml @entity5 and 10 mM HEPES for 144 h at 39C and 5% @entity3 without medium freshening or change. Oocytes/embryos were fixed, stained with @entity7 and evaluated under fluorescent microscope. The IVM rates were almost similar among oocytes from all reproductive statuses (range: 89.8 to 95.4%). However, IVM rates for oocytes from the metestrus (90.6%) and pregnant (89.9%) phases were lower than the other groups. The fertilization rates were lower (p<0.05) for oocytes from the diestrus phase (72.4%) than from the other phases (range: 81.1 to 86.6%). Oocytes, recovered during the metestrus phase of the estrous cycle, resulted in the highest cleavage rate (60.0%), while oocytes from the diestrus phase had the poorest embryonic development (39.8%: p<0.05). Majority of the embryos from all reproductive phases showed a developmental arrest around 8-cell stage. Although the developmental competence of oocytes from pregnant and anestrus animals was lower than that from the other reproductive stages, they could be potentially used as oocyte donors. Long term, in vitro embryo culture without medium freshening or change was hypothesized to have caused the failure to overcome the 8-cell block to development.

title: Effect of reproductive status on in vitro developmental competence of XXXX oocytes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Controversies surrounding the physiological effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) currently lie at the forefront of medicine. Important interindividual factors that affect blood pressure, such as smoking, body mass and @entity2 intake, may account for the conflicting findings seen in studies examining the effects of HRT on blood pressure. DESIGN: The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. METHODS: The effect of combination HRT and @entity1 -only replacement therapy (ERT) on ambulatory blood pressure was examined in a sample of 46 healthy, normotensive, non-smoking, non-obese postmenopausal @entity0 between 45 and 65 years of age. Twenty-four hour urinary @entity2 excretion was examined prior to and following treatment. The @entity0 were randomized to 3 months' treatment with HRT, ERT or placebo. RESULTS: After treatment, there were no significant effects of either HRT or ERT on daytime or night-time systolic or diastolic blood pressure. @entity2 excretion was similar across the groups. There were no effects of treatment on night-time blood pressure dipping. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this prospective treatment study support the conclusion that HRT has no significant effect on daytime or night-time blood pressure in a sample of healthy, non-smoking postmenopausal @entity0 .

title: Hormone replacement therapy does not affect 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in healthy non-smoking postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity0