abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of oral and intravenous @entity2 , a new class IC antiarrhythmic agent, 3 separate protocols were performed in @entity0 with benign or potentially lethal @entity1 . An open-label intravenous trail in 10 @entity0 was conducted using a dose of 1.7 mg/kg/min under constant monitoring. An oral short-term in-hospital trial in 20 @entity0 (8 @entity0 entered directly from the intravenous short-term trial) was conducted using a single-blind placebo dose titration protocol in which 50 mg of @entity2 every 8 hours was increased at 3-day intervals to 75 mg, and then 100 mg every 8 hours depending on the observed change in @entity1 frequency by Holter monitoring. Finally, an outpatient long-term oral trial was conducted in 17 of the 20 @entity0 who completed the inpatient oral short-term trail. Two of the 10 @entity0 from the inpatient intravenous trail did not enter the oral trial, because a proarrhythmic response developed in 1 and because of a lack of efficacy in the other. During the inpatient oral trial, 17 of 20 @entity0 (85%) responded to @entity2 and entered the long-term phase. Two of these @entity0 were removed from the trial because of lack of efficacy at 3 and 10 months, respectively. In the oral therapy protocols, minor side effects of the central nervous system occurred in 4 of 17 @entity0 (24%). Six of 20 @entity0 (30%) each had more than a 25% increase in PR and QRS duration that was not associated with higher degrees of block.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of oral and intravenous XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and @entity2 of brief chemotherapy and involved field radiation therapy for treatment of limited-stage, histologically aggressive @entity5 . DESIGN: Single-arm prospective trial. SETTING: Comprehensive @entity1 treatment center serving the entire population of British Columbia. @entity0 : Consecutive enrollment of 78 @entity0 ranging in age from 21 to 82 years (median, 64) with limited-stage (no B symptoms, Ann Arbor stage I or II, @entity1 less than 10 cm in diameter), diffuse large cell, mixed or immunoblastic histologic characteristics of @entity5 seen at our institution between May 1980 and December 1984. All eligible @entity0 were evaluated for response and relapse-free and overall survival. INTERVENTIONS: Chemotherapy with @entity8 ( @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity7 , and @entity3 ) for three cycles followed by involved field radiation therapy to the original site of disease in a dose equivalent to 3000 cGy in ten fractions. MAIN RESULTS: The complete response rate was 99% (77 of 78 @entity0 ). With a median follow-up off treatment of 30 months the actuarial relapse-free survival is 84% and the overall survival is 85%. No deaths due to @entity2 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Brief chemotherapy and involved field radiation therapy is highly successful treatment for @entity0 with limited-stage, histologically aggressive @entity5 . @entity2 of this approach is acceptable, even in the elderly. Staging laparotomy is not needed to select these @entity0 . Future trials should incorporate more effective chemotherapy programs.

title: Brief chemotherapy and involved field radiation therapy for limited-stage, histologically aggressive XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We reviewed the management of 25 cases of chylothorax/ @entity2 (CT/CP) in 24 @entity0 (9 females, 15 male; 3 days to 11-years-old) following 1605 cardiothoracic procedures (incidence of 1.5%) between January 1984 and December 1993 at our institution. The surgical procedures preceding the occurrence of lymph leak included ligation of @entity3 (6 @entity0 ), @entity1 /double aortic arch repairs (3), complex intracardiac repairs (11), and systemic to pulmonary shunts (5). There were 3 CPs and 22 CTs. All of the @entity0 were initially treated nonsurgically with diet modification using either @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or enteral low fat solid food or enteral elemental diet supplemented with intravenous lipid emulsion. Twenty-one cases (84%) responded to conservative therapy. Of those, 15 had @entity6 as the initial treatment; the average duration of lymph leak was 13.7 (range 7 to 30) days and the average maximal lymph leak was 39.4 (range 15 to 130) mL/kg per day. The other six cases had low-fat enteral diet as the initial treatment, four resolved completely. Two with high-central venous pressure had to be switched to @entity6 prior to complete resolution. The average duration of lymph leak in this subgroup was 30 (range 12 to 56) days with the average maximal lymph leak was 30.1 (range 8.5 to 59) mL/kg per day. Excluding these two cases, the average lymph leak of the rest of the group was very compatible to the @entity6 group of 15 days. @entity5 and @entity4 were frequently seen during CT/CP (47.6% and 43%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The management of chylothorax/ XXXX following pediatric cardiac surgery: a 10-year experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: From November 1986 to December 1993, 50 @entity0 with 62 @entity5 were treated with Tenon plasty. Forty-one eyes showed @entity1 , while 21 eyes had developed @entity4 . Surgery was done 3-126 days after the injury. A total of 210 quadrants was treated with Tenon plasty. Epithelization of the Tenon sheets was complete within 21 days in 79% and in all eyes up to 51 days. In all eyes @entity4 could be prevented or healed. In 48% isolated symblepharon formation or severe scarring of the fornices developed within 3 months after Tenon plasty. In these cases restoration of the conjunctiva was achieved by transplantation of autologous conjunctiva or nasal and buccal mucosa. Spontaneous epithelization of the burned @entity2 was achieved in 25.8%. In 36 eyes penetrating keratoplasty was performed. Sixteen (44.5%) grafts failed due to surface problems, while 12 (33.3%) grafts failed because of an endothelial immune reaction. Tenon plasty proved to be successful in preventing early @entity3 . However, the prognosis for penetrating keratoplasty in these eyes is limited due to surface problems and immune reactions.

title: [Long-term results of Tenon-plasty in treatment of severe XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: This study was performed in order to investigate the results of "cyclodialysis ab interno," i.e., a combination of goniotomy and cyclodialysis, in @entity0 suffering from @entity1 . From 1985 to 1993, 69 @entity0 (98 eyes) underwent at least one cyclodialysis ab interno. The development of intraocular pressure was examined 2 days, 4 weeks, 1/2 year, 1 year and 3 years postoperatively after the first and last cyclodialysis ab interno. Additionally, we examined @entity2 , preoperative pressure level, previous operations, reoperations, age at manifestation, and monocular or binocular manifestation for their influence on the results. The effect the operation had on visual acuity was also examined. One year after the last cyclodialysis ab interno, the IOP was regulated in 77% of the eyes. The prognosis was better for eyes with preoperative pressure values of less than 30 mmHg than for eyes with pressure values of more than 30 mmHg. It was also clearly better when the @entity1 had become manifest at the age of more than one year. Previous operations, @entity2 , and monocular or binocular manifestation had no influence on the results. In comparison with the data available for goniotomy and trabeculotomy, cyclodialysis ab interno shows a tendency for better results.

title: [Results of cyclodialysis combined goniotomy in treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Intraperitoneal adhesions following surgical procedures cause considerable morbidity. Hyaluronic acid/ @entity5 (HA/CMC) films have been shown to be effective agents in decreasing @entity4 formation. However, when there is an inadvertent leak of bowel contents into the peritoneum due to incomplete @entity1 , @entity4 formation about a defect in order to prevent further leakage and to promote healing of the wound is important for the prevention of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine if an antiadhesion film (HA/CMC) impairs these potentially beneficial adhesions to bowel anastomoses, thus predisposing them to enteric leaks with subsequent @entity2 . Sixty-four @entity0 were divided in two groups, each undergoing a complete or partial (90% @entity1 to simulate @entity3 ) large bowel @entity1 . Half of each of the above groups were treated by wrapping a HA/CMC film over the @entity1 and the other half were untreated controls. These two subgroups were then further divided equally and sacrificed at either 7 or 14 days for evaluation of @entity1 integrity and strength. The average anastomotic bursting pressures did not change significantly between those groups treated with HA/CMC when compared to untreated controls at 7 or 14 days or in the complete or partial @entity1 group (Student's t test). Adhesion formation to the @entity1 was not impaired in either group independent of HA/CMC film application. This study suggests that while HA/CMC film has been shown to decrease adhesions in other models, healing of a @entity0 colonic @entity1 even in the presence of an anastomotic defect takes place, further suggesting that the stimulus for @entity4 formation can overcome the antiadhesion properties of HA/CMC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Novel antiadhesion barrier does not prevent XXXX in a @entity0 model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Intraperitoneal adhesions following surgical procedures cause considerable morbidity. Hyaluronic acid/ @entity5 (HA/CMC) films have been shown to be effective agents in decreasing @entity4 formation. However, when there is an inadvertent leak of bowel contents into the peritoneum due to incomplete @entity1 , @entity4 formation about a defect in order to prevent further leakage and to promote healing of the wound is important for the prevention of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine if an antiadhesion film (HA/CMC) impairs these potentially beneficial adhesions to bowel anastomoses, thus predisposing them to enteric leaks with subsequent @entity2 . Sixty-four @entity0 were divided in two groups, each undergoing a complete or partial (90% @entity1 to simulate @entity3 ) large bowel @entity1 . Half of each of the above groups were treated by wrapping a HA/CMC film over the @entity1 and the other half were untreated controls. These two subgroups were then further divided equally and sacrificed at either 7 or 14 days for evaluation of @entity1 integrity and strength. The average anastomotic bursting pressures did not change significantly between those groups treated with HA/CMC when compared to untreated controls at 7 or 14 days or in the complete or partial @entity1 group (Student's t test). Adhesion formation to the @entity1 was not impaired in either group independent of HA/CMC film application. This study suggests that while HA/CMC film has been shown to decrease adhesions in other models, healing of a @entity0 colonic @entity1 even in the presence of an anastomotic defect takes place, further suggesting that the stimulus for @entity4 formation can overcome the antiadhesion properties of HA/CMC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Novel antiadhesion barrier does not prevent @entity3 in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of transabdominal cervicoisthmic cerclage (TCC) in the management of recurrent mid-trimester pregnancy miscarriage and @entity2 . DESIGN: An observational study of 50 @entity0 with history of recurrent second trimester miscarriage and @entity2 in whom TCC was performed. SETTING: A tertiary referral centre for high risk obstetrics. RESULTS: TCC was performed on 51 occasions in 50 @entity0 . One had TCC performed in two successive pregnancies. Prior to the procedure, they had experienced 36 first trimester miscarriages and 163 later pregnancy losses. These included 152 midtrimester miscarriages and 11 neonatal deaths after @entity2 . There had been 4 survivors after @entity2 . The total number of pregnancies after TCC was 61 with three @entity0 losing one pregnancy and subsequently having a successful pregnancy. Of these @entity0 44 now have had a successful outcome. Six have not had a successful outcome. Eight @entity0 have had two successful consecutive pregnancies after TCC. The fetal survival was 85.2% post-procedure. CONCLUSIONS: TCC is a procedure that may be used in a highly selected group of @entity0 with anatomical defects of the cervix and previous failed transvaginal cerclage resulting in recurrent second trimester pregnancy loss and @entity1 . Strict selection criteria were applied as TCC is an invasive procedure. Although TCC is not widely used our study suggests it may be the procedure to consider in @entity0 who have had recurrent second trimester pregnancy losses and preterm births associated with cervical damage.

title: Transabdominal cervicoisthmic cerclage in the management of recurrent second trimester miscarriage and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the contribution of @entity7 and its related organic and spatial @entity4 to the occurrence of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity5 We selected 45 consecutive @entity0 with systolic @entity3 by color Doppler echocardiography and performed transesophageal echocardiography in all @entity0 . Eighteen @entity0 were in the obstructive group and 27 @entity0 were in the nonobstructive group of @entity5 with @entity8 . Twenty subjects without any @entity2 served as the control group. The maximum area of @entity3 was significantly greater in the obstructive group than in the nonobstructive group. @entity3 appeared more frequently during pansystole in the two groups with @entity5 , particularly in the obstructive group. @entity6 was observed in 20 (44%) of the 45 @entity0 with @entity5 . Distances between the posterior papillary muscle and anterior or posterior mitral anulus were significantly smaller in the two groups with @entity5 than in the normal control group. In the obstructive group, the length of the anterior mitral leaflet and the thickness of the rough zone of the anterior mitral leaflet at mid-diastole were significantly greater than in the other groups. Systolic anterior motion was observed in all @entity0 with obstructive @entity1 and contact between the interventricular septum and the anterior mitral leaflet during early diastole was observed in 17 of the 18 @entity0 in the obstructive group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of @entity3 in @entity5 : contributions of @entity7 and related XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the contribution of @entity7 and its related organic and spatial @entity4 to the occurrence of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity5 We selected 45 consecutive @entity0 with systolic @entity3 by color Doppler echocardiography and performed transesophageal echocardiography in all @entity0 . Eighteen @entity0 were in the obstructive group and 27 @entity0 were in the nonobstructive group of @entity5 with @entity8 . Twenty subjects without any @entity2 served as the control group. The maximum area of @entity3 was significantly greater in the obstructive group than in the nonobstructive group. @entity3 appeared more frequently during pansystole in the two groups with @entity5 , particularly in the obstructive group. @entity6 was observed in 20 (44%) of the 45 @entity0 with @entity5 . Distances between the posterior papillary muscle and anterior or posterior mitral anulus were significantly smaller in the two groups with @entity5 than in the normal control group. In the obstructive group, the length of the anterior mitral leaflet and the thickness of the rough zone of the anterior mitral leaflet at mid-diastole were significantly greater than in the other groups. Systolic anterior motion was observed in all @entity0 with obstructive @entity1 and contact between the interventricular septum and the anterior mitral leaflet during early diastole was observed in 17 of the 18 @entity0 in the obstructive group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of @entity3 in XXXX : contributions of @entity7 and related @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the contribution of @entity7 and its related organic and spatial @entity4 to the occurrence of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity5 We selected 45 consecutive @entity0 with systolic @entity3 by color Doppler echocardiography and performed transesophageal echocardiography in all @entity0 . Eighteen @entity0 were in the obstructive group and 27 @entity0 were in the nonobstructive group of @entity5 with @entity8 . Twenty subjects without any @entity2 served as the control group. The maximum area of @entity3 was significantly greater in the obstructive group than in the nonobstructive group. @entity3 appeared more frequently during pansystole in the two groups with @entity5 , particularly in the obstructive group. @entity6 was observed in 20 (44%) of the 45 @entity0 with @entity5 . Distances between the posterior papillary muscle and anterior or posterior mitral anulus were significantly smaller in the two groups with @entity5 than in the normal control group. In the obstructive group, the length of the anterior mitral leaflet and the thickness of the rough zone of the anterior mitral leaflet at mid-diastole were significantly greater than in the other groups. Systolic anterior motion was observed in all @entity0 with obstructive @entity1 and contact between the interventricular septum and the anterior mitral leaflet during early diastole was observed in 17 of the 18 @entity0 in the obstructive group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of @entity3 in @entity5 : contributions of XXXX and related @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the contribution of @entity7 and its related organic and spatial @entity4 to the occurrence of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity5 We selected 45 consecutive @entity0 with systolic @entity3 by color Doppler echocardiography and performed transesophageal echocardiography in all @entity0 . Eighteen @entity0 were in the obstructive group and 27 @entity0 were in the nonobstructive group of @entity5 with @entity8 . Twenty subjects without any @entity2 served as the control group. The maximum area of @entity3 was significantly greater in the obstructive group than in the nonobstructive group. @entity3 appeared more frequently during pansystole in the two groups with @entity5 , particularly in the obstructive group. @entity6 was observed in 20 (44%) of the 45 @entity0 with @entity5 . Distances between the posterior papillary muscle and anterior or posterior mitral anulus were significantly smaller in the two groups with @entity5 than in the normal control group. In the obstructive group, the length of the anterior mitral leaflet and the thickness of the rough zone of the anterior mitral leaflet at mid-diastole were significantly greater than in the other groups. Systolic anterior motion was observed in all @entity0 with obstructive @entity1 and contact between the interventricular septum and the anterior mitral leaflet during early diastole was observed in 17 of the 18 @entity0 in the obstructive group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of XXXX in @entity5 : contributions of @entity7 and related @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an assumption that @entity0 and @entity0 general practitioners adopt different practice styles in the management of gynaecological disorders. However, there is little evidence to support this view. AIM: A study was undertaken to compare the practice styles of @entity0 and @entity0 general practitioners in the management of @entity1 . METHOD: The study took place in 73 general practices in the Oxford Regional Health Authority area. A total of 348 @entity0 who consulted 74 @entity0 general practitioners and 43 @entity0 general practitioners with a complaint of @entity1 were recruited into the study and completed postal questionnaires nine and 18 months after entry into the study. Main outcome measures were @entity0 and @entity0 general practitioners' awareness of @entity0 ' treatment preferences, treatment received by @entity0 , @entity0 ' involvement in treatment decisions and @entity0 ' satisfaction with treatment received. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in treatment received by @entity0 of @entity0 and @entity0 general practitioners. Fewer @entity0 consulting @entity0 general practitioners were referred to a gynaecologist compared with @entity0 consulting @entity0 general practitioners (56% versus 64%) and fewer underwent surgery (39% versus 47%). More @entity0 consulting @entity0 general practitioners reported participation in treatment decisions (63% versus 53%) but more @entity0 consulting @entity0 general practitioners were satisfied with the care they received (66% versus 55%). Again, these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Although some indications of sex-associated differences in practice style were found in this study, the similarities in practice styles of @entity0 and @entity0 general practitioners were more striking than the differences.

title: Influence of sex of general practitioner on management of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of early remodelling of coronary @entity2 morphology after thrombolytic treatment in @entity0 with @entity1 . DESIGN: Coronary angiograms were analysed by a computerised edge detection analysis system. @entity3 severity was measured and morphology classified as smooth or complex. @entity0 : Coronary arteriograms were obtained approximately 90 min and 24 h after thrombolytic treatment from 40 @entity0 with @entity1 . MAIN RESULTS: Stenosis morphology was complex in 22 @entity0 (65%) and smooth in 11 (32%) 90 min after thrombolysis. The morphology of 11 (50%) complex coronary stenoses and three (27%) smooth stenoses had changed at 24 h (P < 0.05). The transition from complex to smooth was associated with a reduction in @entity2 severity from 65 (4)% to 51 (5)% (P < 0.05). The @entity2 severity was 63 (4)% and 60 (5)% in those with persistently complex morphology, and 56 (7)% and 50 (5)% in those with persistently smooth morphology at 90 min and 24 h respectively (NS). CONCLUSIONS: Transition of morphology from complex to smooth within 24 h is common. This transition is associated with a reduction in @entity2 severity of a degree greater than that found in persistently smooth stenoses over the same interval. 50% of stenoses are smooth at 24 h.

title: Early remodelling of coronary stenoses after thrombolytic treatment in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of early remodelling of coronary @entity2 morphology after thrombolytic treatment in @entity0 with @entity1 . DESIGN: Coronary angiograms were analysed by a computerised edge detection analysis system. @entity3 severity was measured and morphology classified as smooth or complex. @entity0 : Coronary arteriograms were obtained approximately 90 min and 24 h after thrombolytic treatment from 40 @entity0 with @entity1 . MAIN RESULTS: Stenosis morphology was complex in 22 @entity0 (65%) and smooth in 11 (32%) 90 min after thrombolysis. The morphology of 11 (50%) complex coronary stenoses and three (27%) smooth stenoses had changed at 24 h (P < 0.05). The transition from complex to smooth was associated with a reduction in @entity2 severity from 65 (4)% to 51 (5)% (P < 0.05). The @entity2 severity was 63 (4)% and 60 (5)% in those with persistently complex morphology, and 56 (7)% and 50 (5)% in those with persistently smooth morphology at 90 min and 24 h respectively (NS). CONCLUSIONS: Transition of morphology from complex to smooth within 24 h is common. This transition is associated with a reduction in @entity2 severity of a degree greater than that found in persistently smooth stenoses over the same interval. 50% of stenoses are smooth at 24 h.

title: Early remodelling of coronary stenoses after thrombolytic treatment in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The tumoricidal effects of @entity5 were examined using two subcutaneously-transplanted @entity2 @entity3 cell lines, 9L and T9 @entity1 . In @entity2 treated with high-dose @entity5 (16 million U/kg administered for 4 days a week for 3 weeks), 9L @entity1 growth was inhibited by 81.9% following subcutaneous (s.c.) injection and by 70.5% after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and T9 @entity1 growth was inhibited by 69.2% after i.p. injection. After short-term treatment with high-dose @entity5 (32 million U/kg administered s.c. for 6 consecutive days, 9L @entity1 growth was inhibited by 82.1%. All these inhibitory effects differed significantly compared with the respective untreated control groups. However, treatment with low-dose @entity5 (1.6 million U/kg administered s.c. for 4 days a week for 3 weeks) showed no significant effects against 9L and T9 @entity1 growth compared with the untreated controls. No significant effects of @entity5 against cell proliferation, measured as @entity4 expression, were observed in any group. Significant hematopoietic effects on the leukocyte counts were observed only in the groups treated with high dose @entity5 . These results suggest that @entity5 at a high dose which produces hematopoietic effects on peripheral leukocytes inhibits the growth of @entity1 . This inhibitory effect may have been due to a tumoricidal mechanism of @entity5 that depended on the production or release of some hematopoietic soluble factors, but was independent of @entity4 expression by the @entity0 .

title: Antitumor effects of human recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor against @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The tumoricidal effects of @entity5 were examined using two subcutaneously-transplanted @entity2 @entity3 cell lines, 9L and T9 @entity1 . In @entity2 treated with high-dose @entity5 (16 million U/kg administered for 4 days a week for 3 weeks), 9L @entity1 growth was inhibited by 81.9% following subcutaneous (s.c.) injection and by 70.5% after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and T9 @entity1 growth was inhibited by 69.2% after i.p. injection. After short-term treatment with high-dose @entity5 (32 million U/kg administered s.c. for 6 consecutive days, 9L @entity1 growth was inhibited by 82.1%. All these inhibitory effects differed significantly compared with the respective untreated control groups. However, treatment with low-dose @entity5 (1.6 million U/kg administered s.c. for 4 days a week for 3 weeks) showed no significant effects against 9L and T9 @entity1 growth compared with the untreated controls. No significant effects of @entity5 against cell proliferation, measured as @entity4 expression, were observed in any group. Significant hematopoietic effects on the leukocyte counts were observed only in the groups treated with high dose @entity5 . These results suggest that @entity5 at a high dose which produces hematopoietic effects on peripheral leukocytes inhibits the growth of @entity1 . This inhibitory effect may have been due to a tumoricidal mechanism of @entity5 that depended on the production or release of some hematopoietic soluble factors, but was independent of @entity4 expression by the @entity0 .

title: Antitumor effects of human recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor against XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 39-year-old @entity0 presented with mild @entity2 , @entity6 , an increased MCV, a low serum cobalamin ( @entity4 ) ( @entity3 ), mild tissue deficiency of Cbl, but with neither malabsorption of Cbl, @entity1 of or inactivity of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Because of a persistently low holo- @entity5 ( @entity5 carrying Cbl as the circulating complex of @entity5 -Cbl), much of the evaluation was focused on the @entity0 's @entity5 . Her @entity5 promoted the uptake of Cbl, reacted with anti- @entity5 , and bound Cbl in vitro. A test dose of 200 micrograms of @entity3 ( @entity7 ) i.m. increased her holo @entity5 to levels higher than those in healthy @entity0 , but with a much more abrupt fall to a subnormal level. Two milligrams of CN-Cbl i.m. followed by 100 micrograms i.m. monthly failed to maintain normal amounts of circulating @entity5 -Cbl or to overcome the tissue deficiency of Cbl. One milligram i.m. weekly or daily p.o. corrected both. The low holo @entity5 was considered to be responsible for the clinical expression and may have been primary to the reduced amounts of total and holo R binder of Cbl in the circulation. This study of a newly recognized defect points out the need for circulating holo @entity5 , a rational use of pharmacologic amounts of Cbl, and a possible interrelationship between @entity5 and the R binder of Cbl.

title: A @entity0 with the inability to maintain in vivo levels of bound XXXX (Cbl) and manifestations of tissue deficiency of Cbl.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 39-year-old @entity0 presented with mild @entity2 , @entity6 , an increased MCV, a low serum cobalamin ( @entity4 ) ( @entity3 ), mild tissue deficiency of Cbl, but with neither malabsorption of Cbl, @entity1 of or inactivity of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Because of a persistently low holo- @entity5 ( @entity5 carrying Cbl as the circulating complex of @entity5 -Cbl), much of the evaluation was focused on the @entity0 's @entity5 . Her @entity5 promoted the uptake of Cbl, reacted with anti- @entity5 , and bound Cbl in vitro. A test dose of 200 micrograms of @entity3 ( @entity7 ) i.m. increased her holo @entity5 to levels higher than those in healthy @entity0 , but with a much more abrupt fall to a subnormal level. Two milligrams of CN-Cbl i.m. followed by 100 micrograms i.m. monthly failed to maintain normal amounts of circulating @entity5 -Cbl or to overcome the tissue deficiency of Cbl. One milligram i.m. weekly or daily p.o. corrected both. The low holo @entity5 was considered to be responsible for the clinical expression and may have been primary to the reduced amounts of total and holo R binder of Cbl in the circulation. This study of a newly recognized defect points out the need for circulating holo @entity5 , a rational use of pharmacologic amounts of Cbl, and a possible interrelationship between @entity5 and the R binder of Cbl.

title: A XXXX with the inability to maintain in vivo levels of bound @entity3 (Cbl) and manifestations of tissue deficiency of Cbl.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The stability of @entity0 in commonly used i.v. solutions and the percentage of the drug delivered via @entity1 administration tubing were studied. @entity0 injection was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions and diluted with 5% dextrose injection (D5W) or with 0.9% @entity2 injection (NS). Admixtures containing @entity0 2 mg/mL were prepared in @entity1 minibags (five for each solution) and in glass containers (three for each solution). The sample obtained at time zero from a glass container protected from light was the control. Additional samples were prepared in minibags and run through 70-inch @entity1 administration sets. An HPLC assay for @entity0 was used. Exposure to room light did not significantly affect @entity0 concentrations. More than 90% of the initial drug concentration remained after 24 hours under all storage conditions, but less than 95% remained after 6 hours in samples diluted with NS and stored in plastic. At times up to 60 minutes, @entity0 concentrations were significantly different in solutions infused from the minibags through @entity1 tubing from those in control solutions. Under these conditions, @entity0 is stable in D5W in glass containers or @entity1 minibags for 24 hours and in NS for 6 hours ( @entity1 ) to 12 hours (glass). However, because of the potential for leaching of plasticizers, @entity0 admixtures should be stored in glass or used within six hours if stored in @entity1 minibags. Approximately 10% of the initial drug concentration is lost to 70-inch length @entity1 infusion tubing.

title: Stability and availability of @entity0 in 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% XXXX injection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The stability of @entity0 in commonly used i.v. solutions and the percentage of the drug delivered via @entity1 administration tubing were studied. @entity0 injection was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions and diluted with 5% dextrose injection (D5W) or with 0.9% @entity2 injection (NS). Admixtures containing @entity0 2 mg/mL were prepared in @entity1 minibags (five for each solution) and in glass containers (three for each solution). The sample obtained at time zero from a glass container protected from light was the control. Additional samples were prepared in minibags and run through 70-inch @entity1 administration sets. An HPLC assay for @entity0 was used. Exposure to room light did not significantly affect @entity0 concentrations. More than 90% of the initial drug concentration remained after 24 hours under all storage conditions, but less than 95% remained after 6 hours in samples diluted with NS and stored in plastic. At times up to 60 minutes, @entity0 concentrations were significantly different in solutions infused from the minibags through @entity1 tubing from those in control solutions. Under these conditions, @entity0 is stable in D5W in glass containers or @entity1 minibags for 24 hours and in NS for 6 hours ( @entity1 ) to 12 hours (glass). However, because of the potential for leaching of plasticizers, @entity0 admixtures should be stored in glass or used within six hours if stored in @entity1 minibags. Approximately 10% of the initial drug concentration is lost to 70-inch length @entity1 infusion tubing.

title: Stability and availability of XXXX in 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% @entity2 injection.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The frequency of @entity7 mandates innovative and individualized therapies. Chemotherapy used as sole treatment for these diverse @entity2 has not been generally successful in providing palliation or improving @entity0 survival. Radiotherapy has been more successful at controlling local manifestations of disease, but the high incidence of systemic @entity1 in most @entity2 limits the impact of this modality on curability. Combinations of radiotherapy and chemotherapy may prove to be more valuable than single modality treatment in improving local control of @entity2 , @entity4 , and improving @entity0 tolerance to treatment. A model for this approach is the current management of @entity2 , in which combined modality therapy has largely supplanted primary surgery. Data from trials in other primary @entity2 sites strongly suggest further exploration of combined treatments--surgical, radiotherapeutic, and chemotherapeutic--in @entity5 . Nearly 25% of all @entity2 diagnosed in the United States each year involve the GI tract; thus, there is a powerful imperative for the development of new therapeutic strategies in these diseases. Any discussion of the role of chemotherapy in @entity7 must necessarily be broad, because assessment must include diseases with highly variable surgical curability, histologies, and sensitivities to chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, whereas it has been quite easy to perform standard phase II trials in @entity3 , other disease sites, such as the esophagus, the pancreas, and the biliary tract, have been much less extensively studied. In spite of these limitations, there is a wealth of data in the literature concerning the use of chemotherapy in @entity5 . This article, while not exhaustive, describes the current status of chemotherapy for these diverse diseases, with emphasis on the role of @entity6 .

title: Chemotherapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To provide a risk-to-benefit analysis of open staging pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) for @entity3 . METHODS: The medical records of all @entity0 presenting with @entity3 from July 1989 to April 1994 were reviewed. A total of 245 @entity0 with clinically localized disease were selected to undergo radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) preceded by open PLND. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive value of the preoperative serum @entity4 concentration, clinical stage, and Gleason score with regard to final nodal status. The cost and morbidity associated with PLND in the setting of RRP was also defined. RESULTS: Overall, only 16 @entity0 (6.5%) had lymph node @entity1 . Lymph node involvement correlated significantly with elevated serum @entity4 values (P = 0.0001), high Gleason score (P = 0.0022), and advanced clinical stage (P = 0.0001). Lymph node @entity1 were particularly uncommon in @entity0 with nonpalpable @entity2 (1 of 67 [1.5%]), @entity4 values less than 10 (2 of 154 [1.3%]), and Gleason score less than 6 (1 of 26 [3.8%]). Overall, 179 @entity0 (73.1%) presented with at least one or more of these favorable characteristics, and only 4 (2.2%) had lymph node involvement. Complications related to the lymphadenectomy occurred in 10 @entity0 (4.1%). The cost per @entity1 diagnosed in @entity0 with low-risk characteristics was approximatley  43,600. CONCLUSIONS: An open staging PLND may no longer be justified on a routine basis in @entity0 undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy.

title: Open pelvic lymph node dissection for XXXX : a reassessment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Malignomas of the uterus predispose to @entity5 . Local application of radium increases the activation of hemostasis. In newer examinations there are hints, that @entity3 and @entity7 metabolism may have a pathogenetic meaning. Thrombocyte aggregation and @entity7 sensitivity of thrombocytes have been examined in two groups of @entity0 : 21 @entity0 following hysterectomy because of @entity1 stage I, treated with one vaginal application for the vaginal cuff and 10 @entity0 with @entity6 Stage IIa-IIIb treated combined intrauterine-intravaginally. The first group was prophylactically treated with low-dose-heparin, the second one with @entity8 (Sintrom). A slight, but significant increase of thrombocyte aggregation by 4.8 per cent respectively 5.0 per cent could be observed in both groups. @entity7 sensitivity of thrombocytes (PST) was significantly reduced by 20 per cent before irradiation in all @entity0 compared with @entity0 without @entity4 . In cases of intravaginal radium application we saw immediately after removal of the radioactive source a further reduction of PST by 12.5 per cent. 24 hours later a significant decrease of PST by 18.5 per cent could be observed. Contrary to this no significant changes were induced by combined intrauterine and intravaginal radium insertion. Therefore reduction of PST may be interpreted as a possible change of thrombocyte function in vivo caused by irradiation. It may be likely that these disturbances of thrombocyte function combined with radiogenic vessel wall damages and @entity2 are responsible for the high thromboembolic risk of radium therapy. These @entity0 should be treated prophylactically. Probably the efficiency of this prophylaxis can be improved by additional application of selective inhibitors of thrombocyte aggregation or inductors of @entity7 synthesis.

title: [Risk of thrombosis in XXXX . A review with new results of studies].

answer: @entity1


abstract: For the detection of cancerous and @entity6 in cervical cytopathology, the feasibility of a concanavalin A-peroxidase labeling procedure was tested and compared with the Papanicolaou method. To this end, the percentage of labeled flattened epithelial cells with a morphologically normal appearance present in cervical cell suspensions was determined. It was found that the mean labeling percentage of the control group was 71% ( @entity2 , 11%). The means for mild, moderate, and severe @entity5 groups were, respectively, 54% ( @entity2 , 19%), 48% ( @entity2 , 13%), and 44% ( @entity2 , 16%). The mean for the @entity3 in situ group was 32% ( @entity2 ,11%), and for the @entity4 group 16% ( @entity2 , 5%). It appeared that the labeling percentage gradually decreases with increasing atypia of the epithelium as confirmed by histological observation. A complete dissimilarity was found between healthy individuals and @entity1 @entity0 . In a follow-up study it was found that the mean labeling percentage did not alter in cases of an unchanged stage of disease. A reestablishment of the normal concanavalin A-peroxidase labeling percentage often appeared once the @entity1 was treated. In conclusion, the concanavalin A-peroxidase labeling method can be considered as a supplementary technique to the Papanicolaou method for the early detection of cervical @entity1 . It reduces the effect of sampling and screening errors of the Papanicolaou method, and it allows a more objective cytological diagnosis. In addition, it may possess prognostic significance.

title: Feasibility of a concanavalin A-peroxidase labeling method to detect cancerous and XXXX of the uterine cervix.

answer: @entity6


abstract: 1. Five healthy volunteers (usual fat intake 103 (SE 9) g/d and energy intake 9855 (SE 937) kJ/d were given on two separate occasions (a) 100 g oral @entity0 and (b) sufficient intravenous (IV) @entity0 to obtain similar arterialized plasma @entity0 levels to those after oral @entity0 . 2. Subjects increased their fat intake by 68 (SE 9.6)% for 28 d by supplementing their diet with 146 ml double cream/d (fat intake on @entity1 ( @entity1 ) 170 (SE 8) g/d; energy intake 12347 (SE 770)). 3. The 100 g oral @entity0 load was repeated and IV @entity0 again given in quantities sufficient to obtain similar arterialized blood @entity0 levels. Immunoreactive plasma insulin, C-peptide and gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( @entity2 ) were measured. 4. Plasma @entity2 levels were higher following oral @entity0 after the @entity1 (area under plasma @entity2 curve 0-180 min 1660 (SE 592) v. 2642 (SE 750) ng/l.h for control and @entity1 respectively; P less than 0.05). Both insulin and C-peptide levels were significantly higher after oral than after IV @entity0 (P less than 0.01) but neither were affected by the @entity1 . @entity0 levels were lower following the @entity1 after both oral and IV @entity0 (area under plasma @entity0 curve 0-180 min, following oral @entity0 6.7 (SE 0.3) mmol/l.h for control and 4.2 (SE 0.6) mmol/l.h for @entity1 ; P less than 0.01). 5. @entity0 -stimulated @entity2 secretion was thus enhanced by the @entity1 . Insulin secretion in response to oral @entity0 was unchanged, in spite of an improvement in @entity0 tolerance. 6. The improvement in @entity0 tolerance post- @entity1 could possibly be due to a @entity2 -mediated inhibition of hepatic glycogenolysis, or a decreased rate of @entity0 uptake from the small intestine.

title: Modifications of gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( @entity2 ) secretion in man by a XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Five healthy volunteers (usual fat intake 103 (SE 9) g/d and energy intake 9855 (SE 937) kJ/d were given on two separate occasions (a) 100 g oral @entity0 and (b) sufficient intravenous (IV) @entity0 to obtain similar arterialized plasma @entity0 levels to those after oral @entity0 . 2. Subjects increased their fat intake by 68 (SE 9.6)% for 28 d by supplementing their diet with 146 ml double cream/d (fat intake on @entity1 ( @entity1 ) 170 (SE 8) g/d; energy intake 12347 (SE 770)). 3. The 100 g oral @entity0 load was repeated and IV @entity0 again given in quantities sufficient to obtain similar arterialized blood @entity0 levels. Immunoreactive plasma insulin, C-peptide and gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( @entity2 ) were measured. 4. Plasma @entity2 levels were higher following oral @entity0 after the @entity1 (area under plasma @entity2 curve 0-180 min 1660 (SE 592) v. 2642 (SE 750) ng/l.h for control and @entity1 respectively; P less than 0.05). Both insulin and C-peptide levels were significantly higher after oral than after IV @entity0 (P less than 0.01) but neither were affected by the @entity1 . @entity0 levels were lower following the @entity1 after both oral and IV @entity0 (area under plasma @entity0 curve 0-180 min, following oral @entity0 6.7 (SE 0.3) mmol/l.h for control and 4.2 (SE 0.6) mmol/l.h for @entity1 ; P less than 0.01). 5. @entity0 -stimulated @entity2 secretion was thus enhanced by the @entity1 . Insulin secretion in response to oral @entity0 was unchanged, in spite of an improvement in @entity0 tolerance. 6. The improvement in @entity0 tolerance post- @entity1 could possibly be due to a @entity2 -mediated inhibition of hepatic glycogenolysis, or a decreased rate of @entity0 uptake from the small intestine.

title: Modifications of gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( XXXX ) secretion in man by a @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 produces @entity0 and @entity5 after @entity2 . To determine whether a quantitative relationship exists between these ST shifts and transmural blood flow, 19 @entity1 were studied. Coronary obstruction was produced by ameroid @entity6 of the left circumflex artery, and @entity4 was generated by atrial pacing at 90 to 210 beats/min. ST shifts were studied by body surface isopotential mapping with an 84-electrode torso grid, and blood flow was quantitated by serial radiolabeled microsphere injections. Isopotential maps at each paced rate, 40 msec into the ST segment, were classified as normal or @entity0 based on spatial patterns of voltages. Pacing after 3 weeks of ameroid @entity6 reduced endocardial/epicardial flow ratios in 11 @entity1 from 1.16 +/- 0.22 at rest to 0.41 +/- 0.18 at 210 beats/min. @entity3 developed in these @entity1 at a rate of 184.0 +/- 16.5 beats/min. Endocardial/epicardial ratios with ST @entity3 (0.45 +/- 0.15) were lower than at those without ST @entity3 (1.05 +/- 0.19; p less than .01). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that ST @entity3 corresponded to an endocardial/epicardial ratio of 0.67 or less (p less than .01). With this model, 95.5% of data sets were correctly classified. Neither heart rate nor perfusion bed size were significant independent predictors of an @entity0 electrocardiographic response. The magnitude of abnormal ST segment shift was significantly correlated (r = .87) with the transmural flow ratio. Thus development of electrocardiographic changes indicative of @entity0 corresponds to a predictable degree of flow redistribution and the magnitude of the ST shift is correlated with the intensity of the flow abnormality.

title: Regional blood flow correlates of XXXX in @entity4 -induced myocardial ischemia.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 produces @entity0 and @entity5 after @entity2 . To determine whether a quantitative relationship exists between these ST shifts and transmural blood flow, 19 @entity1 were studied. Coronary obstruction was produced by ameroid @entity6 of the left circumflex artery, and @entity4 was generated by atrial pacing at 90 to 210 beats/min. ST shifts were studied by body surface isopotential mapping with an 84-electrode torso grid, and blood flow was quantitated by serial radiolabeled microsphere injections. Isopotential maps at each paced rate, 40 msec into the ST segment, were classified as normal or @entity0 based on spatial patterns of voltages. Pacing after 3 weeks of ameroid @entity6 reduced endocardial/epicardial flow ratios in 11 @entity1 from 1.16 +/- 0.22 at rest to 0.41 +/- 0.18 at 210 beats/min. @entity3 developed in these @entity1 at a rate of 184.0 +/- 16.5 beats/min. Endocardial/epicardial ratios with ST @entity3 (0.45 +/- 0.15) were lower than at those without ST @entity3 (1.05 +/- 0.19; p less than .01). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that ST @entity3 corresponded to an endocardial/epicardial ratio of 0.67 or less (p less than .01). With this model, 95.5% of data sets were correctly classified. Neither heart rate nor perfusion bed size were significant independent predictors of an @entity0 electrocardiographic response. The magnitude of abnormal ST segment shift was significantly correlated (r = .87) with the transmural flow ratio. Thus development of electrocardiographic changes indicative of @entity0 corresponds to a predictable degree of flow redistribution and the magnitude of the ST shift is correlated with the intensity of the flow abnormality.

title: Regional blood flow correlates of @entity3 in XXXX -induced myocardial ischemia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The purpose of this study was to measure the attendance and compliance rates in a demonstration invitational screening programme for @entity1 . 4348 subjects aged 40 years or over registered at an inner city medical practice in north London were invited for screening by post. The socioeconomic profile of the group was determined by analysis of residential areas. Screening was conducted by one of several dentists and a referral pathway was established for @entity0 requiring follow-up. Attendance rates for screening and referral for follow-up were measured. The response rate was 985/3826 (25.7%) after removing 522 subjects whose invitations could not be delivered or who refused appointments. No reply was obtained for 2841 @entity0 . Attendance for referral of lesions considered to have malignant potential was 67% (8/12), compared to 92% (11/12) for @entity0 requiring referral for incidental benign lesions. The low compliance suggests that @entity1 screening may not be able to achieve the desired benefits of reducing morbidity and mortality, and establishment of such a programme may not, therefore, be cost-effective. Further research is required into how to identify @entity0 in high risk groups and motivate them to present themselves for screening.

title: Attendance and compliance at an XXXX screening programme in a general medical practice.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report on the effect of the excised and grafted chest and abdominal burn on lung function. Six consecutive @entity0 with 3 degree burns to the entire chest and abdomen (72 +/- 10% total body surface area 3 degree burns) were studied. A severe restrictive @entity2 due to the noncompliant nature of the excised and grafted chest and abdominal wound was identified; this was most evident when inspiratory pressure (IP) was even modestly impaired with general anesthetics. Measured vital capacity (VC) was 12 to 14 ml/kg at 6 to 8 wk postburn, in the absence of any significant @entity1 . The measured VC was identical to the tidal volume (VT) used during the extended period of mechanical ventilatory support. Dynamic compliance (or characteristic) (Cdyn) decreased dramatically from 35 +/- 8 to 15 +/- 9 ml/cm @entity3 when the positive pressure VT was increased by as little as 100 ml above prior VT settings, indicating the noncompliant nature of the combined chest and abdominal excised and grafted burn. Major cardiopulmonary complications developed in the first two @entity0 after onset of the restrictive process when general anesthesia was used for grafting procedures (n = 8) and the limits of chest wall excursion were unrecognized. @entity0 received only continuous positive airway pressure preoperatively. A modest but significant decrease in IP from -45 +/- 8 to -33 +/- 5 cm @entity3 and 30% decrease in spontaneous VT were noted in the early postoperative period. These changes, however, resulted in a dramatic @entity4 leading to hypercarbia, PCO2 greater than 50 torr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Restrictive XXXX caused by the grafted chest and abdominal burn.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity11 given as a bolus has not been effective in @entity0 with relapsed or @entity6 . Because of in vitro data suggesting enhancement of @entity11 -induced @entity2 for @entity0 and @entity1 @entity6 cells with increased duration of drug exposure and the relatively short terminal plasma half-life of @entity11 , 49 @entity0 (34 @entity8 [ @entity8 ], six @entity7 in @entity10 [CML-B], five @entity5 [ @entity5 ], four 2 degrees @entity8 ) with @entity6 were given @entity11 as a continuous infusion for seven days. The maximum tolerated dose was 28 mg/m2/d for seven days. The dose-limiting @entity2 was the duration of @entity3 (median, 49 days to greater than 500 PMNs in responders; range, 28 to 101 days). Nonhematologic @entity2 was minimal. Responses occurred only in @entity0 with relapsed @entity8 , of whom 26 were treated at effective doses. There were six complete responses (CR) (23%) and two partial responses (PR) (8%), although five of eight responders never achieved platelet counts greater than 100,000/microL. @entity4 in these @entity0 was felt to be a manifestation of @entity11 effect, not persistence of @entity6 . The median duration of CR was 195 days (range, 88 to 860+). One @entity0 had @entity6 at the start of treatment and has had a durable (28+ month) CR in both sites of disease. @entity11 produced prolonged @entity9 in @entity0 with secondary @entity8 and CML-B (five of ten @entity0 died aplastic), whereas @entity0 with @entity5 all had regrowth of @entity6 and two failed to become aplastic. The lack of significant nonhematologic @entity2 and the activity in @entity0 with relapsed @entity8 render @entity11 of interest as second-line therapy or consolidation therapy in first remission for @entity0 with @entity8 .

title: @entity11 given as a continuous infusion is an active agent for relapsed adult XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity11 given as a bolus has not been effective in @entity0 with relapsed or @entity6 . Because of in vitro data suggesting enhancement of @entity11 -induced @entity2 for @entity0 and @entity1 @entity6 cells with increased duration of drug exposure and the relatively short terminal plasma half-life of @entity11 , 49 @entity0 (34 @entity8 [ @entity8 ], six @entity7 in @entity10 [CML-B], five @entity5 [ @entity5 ], four 2 degrees @entity8 ) with @entity6 were given @entity11 as a continuous infusion for seven days. The maximum tolerated dose was 28 mg/m2/d for seven days. The dose-limiting @entity2 was the duration of @entity3 (median, 49 days to greater than 500 PMNs in responders; range, 28 to 101 days). Nonhematologic @entity2 was minimal. Responses occurred only in @entity0 with relapsed @entity8 , of whom 26 were treated at effective doses. There were six complete responses (CR) (23%) and two partial responses (PR) (8%), although five of eight responders never achieved platelet counts greater than 100,000/microL. @entity4 in these @entity0 was felt to be a manifestation of @entity11 effect, not persistence of @entity6 . The median duration of CR was 195 days (range, 88 to 860+). One @entity0 had @entity6 at the start of treatment and has had a durable (28+ month) CR in both sites of disease. @entity11 produced prolonged @entity9 in @entity0 with secondary @entity8 and CML-B (five of ten @entity0 died aplastic), whereas @entity0 with @entity5 all had regrowth of @entity6 and two failed to become aplastic. The lack of significant nonhematologic @entity2 and the activity in @entity0 with relapsed @entity8 render @entity11 of interest as second-line therapy or consolidation therapy in first remission for @entity0 with @entity8 .

title: XXXX given as a continuous infusion is an active agent for relapsed adult @entity8 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: Cell culture techniques for monolayer islets of 3-week-old @entity0 pancreases and the responsiveness of B cells are described. In this procedure, whole pancreatic tissues from 3-week-old @entity0 were enzymatically dispersed and then cultured in a medium with 5.5 mM @entity2 plus 1 mM @entity6 or with 5.5 mM @entity2 following a 3-day exposure to a medium with 5.5mM @entity2 plus 5 microM @entity8 . The use of @entity6 or @entity8 allowed a selective deletion of fibroblasts, yielding large clusters that consisted mostly of islet cells. The immunocytochemical evaluation of the islet cells in these cultures showed that approximately 70% are B-cells, 20% A-cells, and 10% D-cells. On day 0, the response to 16.7 mM @entity2 included only a small rise in insulin secreted during the first and the second phase, and the response to 10 mM of @entity1 or @entity7 was monophasic. After being cultured for 7 days, all three secretagogues markedly stimulated insulin secretion by B cells cultured in both media, resulting in an enhancement of the biphasic pattern. However, quantitative relationships differed. Thus, the total response from B cells in @entity6 during a 30-min stimulation with @entity2 and @entity1 was significantly higher (1.6- and 1.9-fold respectively) than that from B cells in 5.5 mM @entity2 , although there was no significant difference in insulin secretion evoked by @entity7 . Furthermore, in the former B cells, the amount of insulin secreted during the second phase was 84-94% of the total insulin secretion, and in the latter it was 66-76%. Addition of 1 mM @entity4 and 10 microM @entity5 resulted in a significant increase in insulin secretion by B cells in @entity6 , whereas there was no difference in the increase of insulin secretion induced by 16.7 mM @entity2 and 200 nM @entity3 . In monolayer cultures that had been maintained in both media for 15 days, the second phase of insulin secretion due to the secretagogues was slightly decreased, but the biphasicity in the response was well preserved. In conclusion, the present results suggest that B cells of 3-week-old @entity0 may be still immature, and that the medium with @entity6 is beneficial to the continued maturation of the B-cell function in vitro.

title: [Perifusion of monolayer-cultured B cells of the infant @entity0 : a comparative study of the effects of @entity6 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: Cell culture techniques for monolayer islets of 3-week-old @entity0 pancreases and the responsiveness of B cells are described. In this procedure, whole pancreatic tissues from 3-week-old @entity0 were enzymatically dispersed and then cultured in a medium with 5.5 mM @entity2 plus 1 mM @entity6 or with 5.5 mM @entity2 following a 3-day exposure to a medium with 5.5mM @entity2 plus 5 microM @entity8 . The use of @entity6 or @entity8 allowed a selective deletion of fibroblasts, yielding large clusters that consisted mostly of islet cells. The immunocytochemical evaluation of the islet cells in these cultures showed that approximately 70% are B-cells, 20% A-cells, and 10% D-cells. On day 0, the response to 16.7 mM @entity2 included only a small rise in insulin secreted during the first and the second phase, and the response to 10 mM of @entity1 or @entity7 was monophasic. After being cultured for 7 days, all three secretagogues markedly stimulated insulin secretion by B cells cultured in both media, resulting in an enhancement of the biphasic pattern. However, quantitative relationships differed. Thus, the total response from B cells in @entity6 during a 30-min stimulation with @entity2 and @entity1 was significantly higher (1.6- and 1.9-fold respectively) than that from B cells in 5.5 mM @entity2 , although there was no significant difference in insulin secretion evoked by @entity7 . Furthermore, in the former B cells, the amount of insulin secreted during the second phase was 84-94% of the total insulin secretion, and in the latter it was 66-76%. Addition of 1 mM @entity4 and 10 microM @entity5 resulted in a significant increase in insulin secretion by B cells in @entity6 , whereas there was no difference in the increase of insulin secretion induced by 16.7 mM @entity2 and 200 nM @entity3 . In monolayer cultures that had been maintained in both media for 15 days, the second phase of insulin secretion due to the secretagogues was slightly decreased, but the biphasicity in the response was well preserved. In conclusion, the present results suggest that B cells of 3-week-old @entity0 may be still immature, and that the medium with @entity6 is beneficial to the continued maturation of the B-cell function in vitro.

title: [Perifusion of monolayer-cultured B cells of the infant @entity0 : a comparative study of the effects of XXXX and @entity8 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Cell culture techniques for monolayer islets of 3-week-old @entity0 pancreases and the responsiveness of B cells are described. In this procedure, whole pancreatic tissues from 3-week-old @entity0 were enzymatically dispersed and then cultured in a medium with 5.5 mM @entity2 plus 1 mM @entity6 or with 5.5 mM @entity2 following a 3-day exposure to a medium with 5.5mM @entity2 plus 5 microM @entity8 . The use of @entity6 or @entity8 allowed a selective deletion of fibroblasts, yielding large clusters that consisted mostly of islet cells. The immunocytochemical evaluation of the islet cells in these cultures showed that approximately 70% are B-cells, 20% A-cells, and 10% D-cells. On day 0, the response to 16.7 mM @entity2 included only a small rise in insulin secreted during the first and the second phase, and the response to 10 mM of @entity1 or @entity7 was monophasic. After being cultured for 7 days, all three secretagogues markedly stimulated insulin secretion by B cells cultured in both media, resulting in an enhancement of the biphasic pattern. However, quantitative relationships differed. Thus, the total response from B cells in @entity6 during a 30-min stimulation with @entity2 and @entity1 was significantly higher (1.6- and 1.9-fold respectively) than that from B cells in 5.5 mM @entity2 , although there was no significant difference in insulin secretion evoked by @entity7 . Furthermore, in the former B cells, the amount of insulin secreted during the second phase was 84-94% of the total insulin secretion, and in the latter it was 66-76%. Addition of 1 mM @entity4 and 10 microM @entity5 resulted in a significant increase in insulin secretion by B cells in @entity6 , whereas there was no difference in the increase of insulin secretion induced by 16.7 mM @entity2 and 200 nM @entity3 . In monolayer cultures that had been maintained in both media for 15 days, the second phase of insulin secretion due to the secretagogues was slightly decreased, but the biphasicity in the response was well preserved. In conclusion, the present results suggest that B cells of 3-week-old @entity0 may be still immature, and that the medium with @entity6 is beneficial to the continued maturation of the B-cell function in vitro.

title: [Perifusion of monolayer-cultured B cells of the infant XXXX : a comparative study of the effects of @entity6 and @entity8 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Organ scans are generally performed on @entity0 with @entity3 only when clinical evaluation is suspicious for @entity2 . However, it is not clear whether the clinical abnormalities will direct attention to the single organ which should be scanned, or if all three organs (bone, brain, liver) should be evaluated if any clinical abnormality is present. We investigated the use of triple organ radionuclide scanning and computerized tomography (CT) of the brain in the initial staging of @entity0 with @entity4 with no obvious @entity2 . Of 122 @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity1 , 53 met our criteria for further study. Thirty-three (62 percent) of these had at least one clinical abnormality suggestive of @entity2 . Bone scanning detected @entity2 in seven (21 percent) and head CT in two additional @entity0 (6 percent). Brain and liver scanning had no yield. In only five of these nine @entity0 did the clinical abnormality direct attention to the organ with detectable @entity2 . Twenty of the 53 (38 percent) @entity0 had a negative routine clinical evaluation, yet bone scanning showed @entity2 in three (15 percent). We concluded that clinical abnormalities are not specific for the organ in which @entity2 may be detected, so three scans (bone, liver, CT of the brain) should be obtained if there is any suspicion of @entity2 based on history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The value of bone scanning in clinically normal @entity0 deserves further study.

title: Staging of XXXX . Relationship of the clinical evaluation to organ scans.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increasing recognition of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and demand for polysomnography has created a need for home sleep testing (HST) using unattended diagnostic and titration studies. Although these studies increase access to care and reduce cost, the limited interaction with sleep laboratories may negatively affect positive airway pressure ( @entity3 ) adherence. We sought to determine the difference in @entity3 use between HST and traditional in-laboratory studies. METHODS: This observational cohort study included 210 @entity0 with @entity1 classified into three equal groups. Following preestablished guidelines, group 1 underwent unattended, type III home diagnostic and unattended home auto-adjustable @entity3 ( @entity2 ) titrations; group 2 underwent in-laboratory, type I diagnostic and continuous @entity3 titration studies; group 3 underwent type I diagnostic and @entity2 titration studies. Group 1 was primarily managed and educated in a primary care clinic, whereas groups 2 and 3 received extensive education in an academic sleep medicine center. Objective measures of @entity3 use during the first 4 to 6 weeks of therapy were compared between groups. RESULTS: Type of study and location of care did not affect @entity3 adherence. @entity3 was used for 70%, 73%, and 72% of nights in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P = .94). Mean hours of nightly use (4.4    2.0 h, 4.7    1.5 h, and 4.6    1.5 h; P = .98) was also similar. Regular use was observed in 54%, 51%, and 50% of subjects (P = .84). Discontinuation rates were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 usage did not differ between those undergoing HST vs in-laboratory studies. HST offers a more accessible and cost-effective alternative without compromising therapeutic adherence.

title: Does home sleep testing impair continuous positive airway pressure adherence in @entity0 with XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increasing recognition of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and demand for polysomnography has created a need for home sleep testing (HST) using unattended diagnostic and titration studies. Although these studies increase access to care and reduce cost, the limited interaction with sleep laboratories may negatively affect positive airway pressure ( @entity3 ) adherence. We sought to determine the difference in @entity3 use between HST and traditional in-laboratory studies. METHODS: This observational cohort study included 210 @entity0 with @entity1 classified into three equal groups. Following preestablished guidelines, group 1 underwent unattended, type III home diagnostic and unattended home auto-adjustable @entity3 ( @entity2 ) titrations; group 2 underwent in-laboratory, type I diagnostic and continuous @entity3 titration studies; group 3 underwent type I diagnostic and @entity2 titration studies. Group 1 was primarily managed and educated in a primary care clinic, whereas groups 2 and 3 received extensive education in an academic sleep medicine center. Objective measures of @entity3 use during the first 4 to 6 weeks of therapy were compared between groups. RESULTS: Type of study and location of care did not affect @entity3 adherence. @entity3 was used for 70%, 73%, and 72% of nights in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P = .94). Mean hours of nightly use (4.4    2.0 h, 4.7    1.5 h, and 4.6    1.5 h; P = .98) was also similar. Regular use was observed in 54%, 51%, and 50% of subjects (P = .84). Discontinuation rates were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 usage did not differ between those undergoing HST vs in-laboratory studies. HST offers a more accessible and cost-effective alternative without compromising therapeutic adherence.

title: Does home sleep testing impair continuous positive airway pressure adherence in XXXX with @entity1 ?

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Performance outcome measures are an essential component of health service improvement. Whereas hospital critical care services have established performance measures, prehospital care services have less well-established outcome measures and this has been identified as a key issue for development. Individual studies examining long-term survival and functional outcome measures have previously been used to evaluate prehospital care delivery. There is no set of standardised @entity0 outcome measures for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in the UK or @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in Australia. The aim of this study is to document the @entity0 outcome measures currently in use within British @entity1 and Australian @entity2 . METHODS: This is an observational study analysing point prevalence of practice as of November 2009. A structured questionnaire was designed to assess the method of routine @entity0 follow-up, and the timing and nature of applied @entity0 outcome measures. RESULTS: Full responses were received from 17/21 (81%) British services and 6/7 (86%) Australian services. The overall response rate was 82%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 in Britain and Australian aeromedical retrieval services do not have uniform @entity0 outcome measures. Services tend not to follow-up @entity0 beyond 24 h post transfer. @entity0 outcome data are rarely presented to an external organisation and there is no formal data comparison between surveyed services. Services are not satisfied that the data currently being collected reflects the quality of their service.

title: Performance measurement in British XXXX and Australian @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Performance outcome measures are an essential component of health service improvement. Whereas hospital critical care services have established performance measures, prehospital care services have less well-established outcome measures and this has been identified as a key issue for development. Individual studies examining long-term survival and functional outcome measures have previously been used to evaluate prehospital care delivery. There is no set of standardised @entity0 outcome measures for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in the UK or @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in Australia. The aim of this study is to document the @entity0 outcome measures currently in use within British @entity1 and Australian @entity2 . METHODS: This is an observational study analysing point prevalence of practice as of November 2009. A structured questionnaire was designed to assess the method of routine @entity0 follow-up, and the timing and nature of applied @entity0 outcome measures. RESULTS: Full responses were received from 17/21 (81%) British services and 6/7 (86%) Australian services. The overall response rate was 82%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 in Britain and Australian aeromedical retrieval services do not have uniform @entity0 outcome measures. Services tend not to follow-up @entity0 beyond 24 h post transfer. @entity0 outcome data are rarely presented to an external organisation and there is no formal data comparison between surveyed services. Services are not satisfied that the data currently being collected reflects the quality of their service.

title: Performance measurement in British @entity1 and Australian XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Controversy exists regarding the optimal treatment for @entity0 with @entity3 . These lesions are often small and located deep in the brain and close to vital structures, making surgery difficult. With this in mind the authors review their experience in treating multiple abscesses using computerized tomography (CT)-guided stereotaxic aspiration. From 1983 to 1985, 15 @entity0 were treated for @entity3 , of whom eight underwent stereotaxic aspiration. There were a total of 28 abscesses in these eight @entity0 : 11 abscesses were aspirated and two excised using CT-guided techniques. Most were cortical in location, although there were 12 in the deep white matter, one in the thalamus, and two in the caudate nucleus. All @entity0 received a total of 6 weeks of antibiotic therapy. Follow-up CT showed resolution of the abscesses in all @entity0 . Currently, four are neurologically normal, one has a mild @entity4 , one has a well-controlled @entity2 , and one requires supportive care. A single @entity1 occurred 5 weeks postoperatively of unrelated causes. Location, size, and age of an abscess all have bearing upon the response to management and outcome of the @entity0 . Stereotaxic surgery is a procedure with minimal morbidity and mortality. Stereotaxic aspiration should be considered in @entity0 with small, multiple, or deep-seated abscesses, in those who are poor operative candidates, and in those who have failed prior therapy.

title: Stereotaxic surgery in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if the use of @entity1 vaccine in @entity0 in day care decreases the incidence of @entity4 media during the @entity1 season. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Eight day-care centers in North Carolina. @entity0 : One hundred eighty-six @entity0 aged 6 to 30 months. INTERVENTION: Half the @entity0 received trivalent subvirion @entity1 virus vaccine. MEASUREMENTS: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 media (SOM) were assessed biweekly from mid-November 1993 to mid-March 1994 by visual and tympanometric examinations performed by "blinded" observers. The winter season was divided into three periods-before, during, and after @entity1 season--and the number of @entity0 with @entity2 or SOM during each period was determined. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were computed, while controlling for race and sex using logistic regression methods. RESULTS: Influenza vaccine was protective against @entity2 (OR = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.49-0.98) during the @entity1 season. Although there may have been some protection against SOM (OR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.54-1.02) statistical significance was not achieved. Myringotomy tubes were also significantly protective against @entity2 and SOM during all three time periods, with ORs between 0.34 and 0.52, but the greatest protection was seen during the @entity1 period. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination of 6- to 30-month-old @entity0 in day care was associated with a decreased incidence of @entity4 media during the @entity1 season. Myringotomy tubes protected against @entity2 and SOM during all 16 weeks monitored.

title: Influenza A vaccine decreases the incidence of XXXX media in 6- to 30-month-old @entity0 in day care.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if the use of @entity1 vaccine in @entity0 in day care decreases the incidence of @entity4 media during the @entity1 season. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Eight day-care centers in North Carolina. @entity0 : One hundred eighty-six @entity0 aged 6 to 30 months. INTERVENTION: Half the @entity0 received trivalent subvirion @entity1 virus vaccine. MEASUREMENTS: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 media (SOM) were assessed biweekly from mid-November 1993 to mid-March 1994 by visual and tympanometric examinations performed by "blinded" observers. The winter season was divided into three periods-before, during, and after @entity1 season--and the number of @entity0 with @entity2 or SOM during each period was determined. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were computed, while controlling for race and sex using logistic regression methods. RESULTS: Influenza vaccine was protective against @entity2 (OR = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.49-0.98) during the @entity1 season. Although there may have been some protection against SOM (OR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.54-1.02) statistical significance was not achieved. Myringotomy tubes were also significantly protective against @entity2 and SOM during all three time periods, with ORs between 0.34 and 0.52, but the greatest protection was seen during the @entity1 period. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination of 6- to 30-month-old @entity0 in day care was associated with a decreased incidence of @entity4 media during the @entity1 season. Myringotomy tubes protected against @entity2 and SOM during all 16 weeks monitored.

title: Influenza A vaccine decreases the incidence of @entity4 media in 6- to 30-month-old XXXX in day care.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Precocious puberty and @entity7 are two different entities which appear at different stages of ovarian development. Their association is uncommon. POPULATION: Thirteen @entity0 presented @entity10 with sexual development before the age of 8 years; menstruations were seen at the age of 9.5 years in one @entity0 . Nine of them were given @entity9 or @entity6 and two @entity0 @entity8 analog. Menarche occurred at a mean age of 11.8 +/- 1.5 years. After a mean free interval of 22 months, these thirteen @entity0 developed @entity5 with @entity4 (eight @entity0 ) and @entity3 (seven @entity0 ). The diagnosis of @entity7 was confirmed by increased plasma @entity2 (mean 91.1 +/- 14 ng/dl) and LH levels during @entity8 test and by ultrasonography or coelioscopy. The treatment included @entity6 plus 17 beta @entity1 ; it was discontinued in eleven cases after 2 years of treatment. Plasma @entity2 levels were normal 6 months later in association with regular menstruations. But three @entity0 presented clinical and hormonal recurrence one year later, requiring repeated treatment. CONCLUSION: This association seems to be related to the same gonadotropin dysfunction. It is necessary to regularly follow @entity0 treated for precocious puberty.

title: [Precocious puberty and XXXX : apropos of 13 cases].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Inhaled @entity4 has been shown to protect subjects with @entity1 from bronchoconstriction induced by a wide variety of stimuli, including allergen, but the mechanism of action is controversial. We have used an in vitro model of allergen-induced bronchoconstriction to examine the effects of @entity4 and other ion transport inhibitors. @entity0 bronchial rings were passively sensitized by incubation with serum from an atopic donor and were challenged with @entity7 . Allergen-challenged bronchial rings developed bronchoconstriction which was effectively inhibited by the @entity11 antagonist @entity12 (10(-7) M) and to a lesser extent by @entity8 (10(-5) M). Assessed over 60 min @entity4 10(-6), 10(-5), and 10(-4) M inhibited contractions by a mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) 7.9% (-23.5, 39.3%, p > 0.05), 44.2% (12.9, 75.2%, p < 0.01), and 86.9% (55.5, 118.3%, p < 0.001) respectively (n = 5). The same concentrations of @entity9 inhibited contractions by 21.5% (-8.4, 51.4%, p > 0.05), 13.6% (-16.3, 43.4%, p > 0.05) and 51.6% (21.7, 81.4%, p < 0.01) respectively (n = 5). The @entity2 transport inhibitor @entity6 and the anion transport inhibitor @entity10 ( @entity10 ) were without effect (both 10(-4) M; n = 4). @entity4 increased @entity3 production by the bronchial rings by 134% (95% CI 53, 259%). @entity5 (3 x 10(-6) M) blocked the @entity4 -induced increase in @entity3 production and reduced the protection afforded by 10(-4) M @entity4 against allergen-induced contractions from 67.9% to 34.7% (mean difference 33.2%; 95% CI 9.7, 56.6%; p < 0.01; n = 8).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of diuretics on allergen-induced contractions of passively sensitized XXXX bronchi in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Resident's case problem. BACKGROUND: This case report describes the diagnostic process, based on the Hypothesis-Oriented Algorithm for Clinicians II (HOAC II), and subsequent interventions in an elite athlete with subacute @entity2 . It also demonstrates the clinical application of the HOAC II and shows how disablement terms, as used in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model, can be integrated into @entity0 management in a manner that we believe enhances clinical practice. It also demonstrates the practical use of validated questionnaires and how these can be used to gather necessary information for the algorithm. DIAGNOSIS: A structured, evidence-based assessment led to a multifaceted, activity limitation-based diagnosis of being unable to (1) remain in a deep squat position during speed skating, (2) accelerate in turns while speed skating, and (3) rise from a slouched position without @entity1 . We believed that these dysfunctions were due to local limited lumbar segmental mobility, concurrent with an inability to properly and functionally stabilize the lumbopelvic area. DISCUSSION: The HOAC II requires the therapist to develop an evidence-based strategy for the examination that is based on initial hypotheses developed from the medical history and other data obtained prior to the examination. The examination was tailored to identify and quantify activity limitations and participation restrictions that we believed could help to explain why this @entity0 had his health problem. The case demonstrates how all elements of the HOAC II can be used for what we consider to be relatively common types of @entity0 . We believe that by applying the HOAC II on an individual- @entity0 basis, therapists will be ideally positioned to apply evidence to @entity0 care and to defend their interventions to colleagues and third-party payers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Differential diagnosis, level 4.

title: Practical use of the HOAC II for clinical decision making and subsequent therapeutic interventions in an elite athlete with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asian has higher prevalence of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 when compared to Caucasian. No study to date has evaluated whether multifactorial intervention was associated with remission of microalbuminuria in type 2 @entity1 Asian population. We evaluated the effect of tightly controlling multiple factors on the remission of @entity5 in type 2 @entity1 Chinese with microalbuminuria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study was collected 587 type 2 @entity1 @entity0 with microalbuminuria. Cohort members received intensified treatment to meet the following ADA recommended goals: @entity6 c <7%, systolic blood pressure (SBP) <130mmHg, diastolic blood pressure <80   mmHg, low-density lipoprotein @entity2 <100mgdL(-1) , @entity3 <   150mgdL(-1) , high-density lipoprotein @entity2 >40mgdL(-1) for @entity0 and >50mgdL(-1) for @entity0 . Remission of microalbuminuria was defined as shift of albumin-creatinine ratio from mircoalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria. RESULTS: During the 4  5-year period, 210 (35  8%) @entity0 achieved remission to normoalbuminuria. A significant association was found between the achievement of ADA goals, including @entity6 c <   7% [hazard ratio (HR)=1  345; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1  010-1  792; P=0  04] and SBP <130mmHg (HR, 1  516; 95% CI, 1  100-2  089; P=0  01) and remission of microalbuminuria. The intensive SBP control (<120mmHg) was significantly associated with remission of microalbuminuria (HR, 2  076; 95% CI, 1  347-3  198; P<0  001). CONCLUSIONS: The remission of @entity5 could be achieved under multifactorial intervention. Therapeutic focus on remission by tight glycemic and blood pressure control should be considered in Asian population with @entity1 and microalbuminuria.

title: Remission of @entity5 in type 2 XXXX Asian population: role of tight glucose and blood pressure control.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asian has higher prevalence of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 when compared to Caucasian. No study to date has evaluated whether multifactorial intervention was associated with remission of microalbuminuria in type 2 @entity1 Asian population. We evaluated the effect of tightly controlling multiple factors on the remission of @entity5 in type 2 @entity1 Chinese with microalbuminuria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study was collected 587 type 2 @entity1 @entity0 with microalbuminuria. Cohort members received intensified treatment to meet the following ADA recommended goals: @entity6 c <7%, systolic blood pressure (SBP) <130mmHg, diastolic blood pressure <80   mmHg, low-density lipoprotein @entity2 <100mgdL(-1) , @entity3 <   150mgdL(-1) , high-density lipoprotein @entity2 >40mgdL(-1) for @entity0 and >50mgdL(-1) for @entity0 . Remission of microalbuminuria was defined as shift of albumin-creatinine ratio from mircoalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria. RESULTS: During the 4  5-year period, 210 (35  8%) @entity0 achieved remission to normoalbuminuria. A significant association was found between the achievement of ADA goals, including @entity6 c <   7% [hazard ratio (HR)=1  345; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1  010-1  792; P=0  04] and SBP <130mmHg (HR, 1  516; 95% CI, 1  100-2  089; P=0  01) and remission of microalbuminuria. The intensive SBP control (<120mmHg) was significantly associated with remission of microalbuminuria (HR, 2  076; 95% CI, 1  347-3  198; P<0  001). CONCLUSIONS: The remission of @entity5 could be achieved under multifactorial intervention. Therapeutic focus on remission by tight glycemic and blood pressure control should be considered in Asian population with @entity1 and microalbuminuria.

title: Remission of XXXX in type 2 @entity1 Asian population: role of tight glucose and blood pressure control.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pure motor hemiparesis and @entity4 are not accurate predictors of @entity9 when described in the first 12 hours of @entity4 onset. We evaluate here whether this inaccuracy of clinical diagnosis might have influenced the planning of @entity0 management either in routine practice or in therapeutic trials. METHODS: A consecutive hospital series of 517 first-ever @entity3 hemispheric @entity4 @entity0 presented lacunar or nonlacunar syndromes at the first examination within 12 hours of the event. A distinction was subsequently made, by means of a CT scan or autopsy performed within 15 +/- 2 days of @entity4 , between @entity0 affected by lacunar or nonlacunar @entity9 . We compared @entity4 risk factors, considered to be indicative of potential pathogenetic mechanisms, and the clinical outcome of @entity9 versus nonlacunar @entity9 @entity0 and those of @entity10 versus @entity7 @entity0 . RESULTS: Two hundred nineteen @entity0 (42%) presented a @entity10 and 298 (58%) a @entity7 , while 170 (33%) had @entity9 and 347 (67%) nonlacunar @entity9 . @entity9 @entity0 were more frequently associated with @entity5 and a previous transient @entity3 attack and less frequently with @entity8 when compared with their nonlacunar @entity9 counterparts, whereas no differences were apparent between @entity10 and @entity7 @entity0 . Logistic regression analysis showed that @entity5 and a previous transient @entity3 attack on the one hand and @entity8 on the other were strongly correlated with the diagnosis of @entity9 and nonlacunar @entity9 , respectively, while no risk factor was correlated with the diagnosis of @entity10 . Twenty-two percent of @entity9 @entity0 and 68% of nonlacunar @entity9 subjects had a poor outcome ( @entity6 plus disability of survivors) as opposed to 40% of @entity10 and 63% of @entity7 @entity0 . Logistic regression selected age, severity of @entity2 at entry, @entity11 , @entity1 , and @entity9 , but not @entity10 , as predictors of outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The inaccurate clinical diagnosis of @entity9 made in the first 12 hours of @entity4 might lead to no distinction being made between @entity4 subgroups with potentially different pathogenetic mechanisms and prognostic estimates, thus negatively influencing the planning of @entity0 management.

title: Clinical and prognostic correlates of XXXX subtype misdiagnosis within 12 hours from onset.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Prevalence and disease manifestations of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were studied in a Somali village in an area which has long been known to be endemic for @entity1 . Demographic data were collected from 102 households, comprising 438 inhabitants. Clinical examination was performed of 306 individuals, 72% of the 426 eligible @entity0 . Of these, 276 (90%) agreed to give blood and 246 (80%) to be skin tested with leishmanin. Leishmanin reactions were positive; in 26% anti-Leishmania antibodies were detected in 11%, and @entity3 was recorded in 14% (23% of those who were seropositive). @entity2 was hypoendemic and therefore unlikely to be responsible for more than 10% of the cases with @entity3 . Three of the seropositive villagers with @entity3 complained of feeling ill. The remaining 91 sero- and/or leishmanin-positive individuals had no complaint regarding their health and had not experienced any long period of illness. There was a slight over-representation of males in the group of sero- and/or leishmanin-positive villagers, possibly due to a gender-associated difference in exposure to the parasite. Among the @entity0 with clinical @entity1 treated at Mogadishu hospitals during 1989 and 1990, the male/female ratio was 3.3:1, which may indicate a selection of male @entity0 for hospital care. Most @entity0 were < or = 15 years old, suggesting that the highest risk of becoming clinically ill was among @entity0 .

title: XXXX in Somalia: prevalence of markers of infection and disease manifestations in a village in an endemic area.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In order to understand better the relationship among @entity3 , its transmission and the @entity0 host or the @entity1 which may lead to the development of @entity2 , we performed a population survey in which nasal carriage of @entity3 was determined by a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 2 years after an earlier survey in the same population. 1923 @entity0 were registered, 1171 were clinically examined for signs of @entity2 , and 418 were tested by PCR. The detection rate of @entity2 in the study area had not changed significantly during the 2 years' observation period since the introduction of multi-drug therapy, i.e. 6/1000 compared to 7.7/1000 2 years before. Of 6 newly detected cases, 5 were diagnosed as having paucibacillary @entity2 . The presence of @entity3 could be demonstrated by PCR in 2.9% (12/418) of the @entity0 . PCR positivity was not persistent over the 2 years. All the PCR positive @entity0 identified in the first survey were negative in the second, indicating that @entity3 nasal carriage is transient. As in the previous survey, we found evidence for widespread @entity3 nasal carriage as determined by PCR among the general population in an area in which @entity2 is endemic. In addition, our data indicated that PCR positivity can occur in certain clusters in the community. This clustering seems to be time-dependent, not necessarily related to the presence of @entity0 .

title: Distribution and persistence of XXXX nasal carriage among a population in which @entity2 is endemic in Indonesia.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In order to understand better the relationship among @entity3 , its transmission and the @entity0 host or the @entity1 which may lead to the development of @entity2 , we performed a population survey in which nasal carriage of @entity3 was determined by a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 2 years after an earlier survey in the same population. 1923 @entity0 were registered, 1171 were clinically examined for signs of @entity2 , and 418 were tested by PCR. The detection rate of @entity2 in the study area had not changed significantly during the 2 years' observation period since the introduction of multi-drug therapy, i.e. 6/1000 compared to 7.7/1000 2 years before. Of 6 newly detected cases, 5 were diagnosed as having paucibacillary @entity2 . The presence of @entity3 could be demonstrated by PCR in 2.9% (12/418) of the @entity0 . PCR positivity was not persistent over the 2 years. All the PCR positive @entity0 identified in the first survey were negative in the second, indicating that @entity3 nasal carriage is transient. As in the previous survey, we found evidence for widespread @entity3 nasal carriage as determined by PCR among the general population in an area in which @entity2 is endemic. In addition, our data indicated that PCR positivity can occur in certain clusters in the community. This clustering seems to be time-dependent, not necessarily related to the presence of @entity0 .

title: Distribution and persistence of @entity3 nasal carriage among a population in which XXXX is endemic in Indonesia.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We have investigated the vascular endothelial phenotypes found at various times posttransplant in @entity0 B10-->C3H liver grafts. In this model, liver allografts are spontaneously accepted, and survive indefinitely unless the recipient is first allosensitized with a skin allograft, in which case the liver allografts are rejected within five days. In our previous studies, allograft inflammation was associated with the development of vascular endothelial reactivity with the mAbs @entity3 and M/ @entity2 (anti- @entity1 ). We observed that vascular endothelia in both liver isografts and allografts develop reactivity with @entity3 mAb within two days of transplantation, indicating endothelial activation in both situations. In contrast, only the endothelia in liver allografts develop @entity1 expression, as detected with M/ @entity2 mAb. @entity1 was expressed in both rejecting and accepting liver allografts, demonstrating that endothelial @entity1 expression is indicative of ongoing graft inflammation but not necessarily graft rejection. Liver parenchymal cells did not appear to develop reactivity with either antibody under any of the conditions tested. In contrast, bile duct epithelia developed M/ @entity2 reactivity ( @entity1 expression), but not @entity3 reactivity in liver allografts, but not isografts. These data demonstrate @entity4 -dependent and alloantigen-independent patterns of endothelial behavior in @entity0 liver grafts that are quite similar to those found in @entity0 cardiac grafts. Further, they demonstrate that the expression of @entity1 by graft endothelia is not diagnostic for acute rejection of liver allografts.

title: Patterns of inflammatory vascular endothelial changes in XXXX liver grafts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Surgical treatment for @entity1 is controversial, and indications depend on variety of variables, including the degree of displacement and future goals of the @entity0 . If surgery is to be performed, typically open reduction of the medial epicondylar fragment, with visualization of the ulnar nerve, and fixation is undertaken. Pins, screws, and cannulated screws have all been described for fixation. The use of cannulated screw systems, especially when coupled with fluoroscopy, has many advantages, and is generally considered a safe way to place a screw accurately while minimizing the surgical exposure. Unfortunately, there are also inherent risks with a cannulated screw system that often go unrecognized, such as guide pin bending, breakage or unrecognized advancement. The complications are rarely reported, and recognition is critical to avoid future complications. This is the first study to report a @entity2 after the use of cannulated screw systems in 2 @entity0 with a pediatric medial epicondyle @entity1 fixation. This study highlights the danger of these systems for this @entity1 fixation, and we discuss the potential techniques to avoid this complication. Our purpose in publishing this series of cases is to shed light on a complication, in the hope that its exposure will help prevent such complications in the future. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV, Case Series.

title: Iatrogenic XXXX with cannulated fixation of medial epicondyle fractures in the pediatric humerus: a report of 2 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 , one of the most common @entity1 seen in the pediatric population, are regularly treated by closed reduction and casting. Our study investigates the effectiveness of Gore-Tex-lined casting in maintaining the reduction of 100% displaced @entity1 compared with traditional @entity3 -lined casts. METHODS: We screened all @entity0 from February 2007 to July 2009 who presented to @entity0 's Hospital in Birmingham, @entity2 with a @entity1 . Only @entity0 with 100% displaced @entity1 were eligible to be assigned to either the @entity3 -lined or Gore-Tex-lined cast groups. Power analysis was performed to identify an adequate @entity0 sample size. The mean maximum change between initial post-reduction x-rays and follow-up x-rays for anterior-posterior (AP) angulation, AP displacement, lateral angulation, and lateral displacement of the radius were calculated for both @entity3 and Gore-Tex groups. The rate of subsequent intervention and/or unacceptable results for each group was also analyzed. RESULTS: Seven hundred and twenty-two @entity0 were treated with @entity1 at our hospital with 59 @entity0 eligible for inclusion in our study. Thirty-six of our @entity0 were treated with @entity3 -lined casts, and 23 @entity0 were treated with Gore-Tex-lined cast. The mean maximum change in AP angulation, AP displacement, lateral angulation, and lateral displacement of the radius after initial reduction was 9.2 degrees, 6.9%, 13.9 degrees, and 13.6%, respectively, for the @entity3 -lined cast group and 7.7 degrees, 6.1%, 14.6 degrees, and 9.6%, respectively, for the Gore-Tex-lined cast group. There were no statistical differences between the means of the 4 measurements (P=0.33, 0.69, 0.73, and 0.10, respectively). There were also no significant differences between groups for final AP and lateral angulation and displacement. Subgroup analysis showed no significant differences in all measurements between @entity3 and Gore-Tex groups. CONCLUSION: Gore-Tex and @entity3 -lined casts are equally effective in their ability to maintain the reduction of 100% displaced @entity1 . Thus, Gore-Tex-lined casts can be offered to pediatric @entity0 immediately after closed reduction of @entity1 of any severity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic level II.

title: A prospective study on the effectiveness of XXXX versus waterproof cast padding in maintaining the reduction of pediatric @entity1 .

answer: @entity3