abstract: The percutaneous epiphysiodesis is recommended as a save and reliable technique. We have performed 21 distal femoral, 17 proximal tibial and 3 proximal fibular percutaneous epiphyseodeses on 25 @entity0 . On 11 @entity0 the epiphysiodesis was caused by an average @entity3 ,7 cm (1-4 cm). 13 @entity0 had angular @entity1 near the knee joint in frontal plane (6 valgus and 7 varus deformities). One @entity0 suffered from a combined @entity1 with 3, 5 cm shortened leg and varus deviation of 10 degrees. The average @entity1 angle of the knee was 7,4 degrees (4 degrees -16 degrees ). 9 @entity0 have reached maturity. On 3 @entity0 the @entity1 could be corrected incompletely with @entity1 of 3 degrees, 4 degrees and 6 degrees as a direct result of late referral. On 1 @entity0 an imminent over-correction could be avoided by hemiepiphysiodesis of the residual epiphysis. Till the present follow up the other @entity0 have been corrected as calculated preoperatively. No complications like @entity4 , @entity2 , stiff knee or @entity1 occurred. We prefer the percutaneous epiphysiodesis as a save and minimal invasive technique instead of the open Phemister-technique to tread @entity3 and @entity1 of the knee in frontal plane.

title: [Percutaneous epiphyseodesis. Correction of leg length XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the effect of pre-operative angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) therapy on early clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). BACKGROUND: Therapy with ACEIs has been shown to reduce the rate of mortality and prevent @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity4 . However, their pre-operative use in @entity0 undergoing CABG is still controversial. METHODS: A retrospective, observational, cohort study was undertaken of prospectively collected data on 10,023 consecutive @entity0 undergoing isolated CABG between April 1996 and May 2008. Of these, 3,052 @entity0 receiving pre-operative ACEI were matched to a control group by propensity score analysis. RESULTS: Overall rate of mortality was 1%. Pre-operative ACEI therapy was associated with a doubling in the risk of @entity3 (1.3% vs. 0.7%; odds ratio [OR]: 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17 to 3.42; p = 0.013). There was also a significant difference between the ACEI and control group in the risk of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) (7.1% vs. 5.4%; OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.67; p = 0.006), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (25% vs. 20%; OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.51; p < 0.0001), and increased use of inotropic support (45.9% vs. 41.1%; OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.36; p < 0.0001). In a multivariate analysis, pre-operative ACEI treatment was an independent predictor of mortality (p = 0.04), @entity1 (p = 0.0002), use of inotropic drugs (p < 0.0001), and @entity5 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-operative therapy with ACEI is associated with an increased risk of mortality, use of inotropic support, @entity1 , and new onset of post-operative @entity5 .

title: Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy on clinical outcome in XXXX undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Side effects of the most commonly used primary antituberculosis (anti- @entity2 ) drugs may be mild as well as fatal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the side effects of and the risk factors for developing side effects against anti- @entity2 drugs. @entity0 AND METHODS: Records of 1149 @entity0 with established @entity1 who initially received anti- @entity2 therapy were evaluated retrospectively. The major side effects, which resulted in a definitive termination from 1 or more drugs related to anti- @entity2 therapy, and the risk factors associated with these side effects, were analyzed. RESULTS: Ninety-five @entity0 (8.3%), constituting 104 cases in total, experienced side effects. Although the frequency of drug reactions were increased from 0.6% at ages <20 to 5.2% at ages 20-40, no gender or age differences were observed between @entity0 who did and did not have side effects. While asymptomatic liver function disturbance was established in 56 of the @entity0 (4.9%) with initiation of anti- @entity2 therapy, the rate of hepatotoxicity was found to be 2.4% in this present study. No age or gender differences were observed among those who had hepatotoxicity and who had not. The major side effects were @entity4 (1.7%), hepatotoxicity (0.8%), neuropsychiatric manifestations (0.7%), and @entity5 (0.6%). CONCLUSIONS: It must be remembered that severe side effects associated with anti- @entity2 drugs were encountered with different frequencies especially among @entity0 hospitalized for @entity3 , and these @entity0 should be followed up by closer monitoring for side effects related to anti- @entity2 drugs.

title: Side effects due to primary antituberculosis drugs during the initial phase of therapy in 1149 hospitalized @entity0 for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Side effects of the most commonly used primary antituberculosis (anti- @entity2 ) drugs may be mild as well as fatal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the side effects of and the risk factors for developing side effects against anti- @entity2 drugs. @entity0 AND METHODS: Records of 1149 @entity0 with established @entity1 who initially received anti- @entity2 therapy were evaluated retrospectively. The major side effects, which resulted in a definitive termination from 1 or more drugs related to anti- @entity2 therapy, and the risk factors associated with these side effects, were analyzed. RESULTS: Ninety-five @entity0 (8.3%), constituting 104 cases in total, experienced side effects. Although the frequency of drug reactions were increased from 0.6% at ages <20 to 5.2% at ages 20-40, no gender or age differences were observed between @entity0 who did and did not have side effects. While asymptomatic liver function disturbance was established in 56 of the @entity0 (4.9%) with initiation of anti- @entity2 therapy, the rate of hepatotoxicity was found to be 2.4% in this present study. No age or gender differences were observed among those who had hepatotoxicity and who had not. The major side effects were @entity4 (1.7%), hepatotoxicity (0.8%), neuropsychiatric manifestations (0.7%), and @entity5 (0.6%). CONCLUSIONS: It must be remembered that severe side effects associated with anti- @entity2 drugs were encountered with different frequencies especially among @entity0 hospitalized for @entity3 , and these @entity0 should be followed up by closer monitoring for side effects related to anti- @entity2 drugs.

title: Side effects due to primary antituberculosis drugs during the initial phase of therapy in 1149 hospitalized XXXX for @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: RATIONALE: Extracellular @entity1 concentration in the @entity0 forebrain is increased by aversive environmental stimuli. This study investigated whether conditioned cues for such stimuli have the same effect. METHODS: After training @entity0 to associate a tone (conditioned cue) with transfer from a neutral zone to a brightly lit zone of a light/dark shuttle-box (unconditioned stimulus), microdialysis probes were implanted into the frontal cortex and hypothalamus under @entity2 anaesthesia. Changes in extracellular @entity1 concentration were then monitored on exposure to the tone alone. Parallel experiments monitored @entity0 ' behaviour in the light arena. RESULTS: A single exposure to the light arena increased extracellular @entity1 in the frontal cortex and the hypothalamus but neither a single, nor repeated, exposure to the tone alone had any effect. After conditioning trials, the tone alone increased extracellular @entity1 in the frontal cortex but not the hypothalamus, whilst the tone+transfer to the light arena resulted in a prolonged increase in extracellular @entity1 in both brain regions. The time that @entity0 spent within the light arena was also prolonged. CONCLUSIONS: Noradrenergic neurones in the frontal cortex, but not the hypothalamus, respond to conditioned cues for aversive environmental stimuli. However, prolongation of the noradrenergic response in both brain regions could contribute to the behavioural adaptation to such unconditioned stimuli.

title: A microdialysis study of the noradrenergic response in XXXX frontal cortex and hypothalamus to a conditioned cue for aversive, naturalistic environmental stimuli.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a @entity1 that is rare among @entity0 , causes clinically evident hormonal disturbances. Imaging methods are used to stage disease and to plan surgical resection. OBJECTIVE: To describe the findings of the various imaging methods used to evaluate @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of ten consecutive @entity0 (mean age, 8.1 years) who presented from 1987 to 1998 with @entity6 . All @entity0 underwent computed tomography (CT) scanning; five underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging; four underwent ultrasonography (US); and eight underwent radionuclide bone scans. RESULTS: Seven @entity0 presented with signs of hormonally functional @entity1 . Typical imaging findings consisted of a large, well-defined suprarenal @entity1 , containing @entity5 (seven @entity0 ) with a thin capsule and central @entity2 or @entity4 (six @entity0 ). The inferior vena cava (IVC) was compressed by @entity1 in three @entity0 , and ultrasonography demonstrated invasion of the IVC wall in one of these. Three @entity0 ' bone scans showed that the @entity1 took up radioactive tracer. Spread to lungs or liver or both was demonstrated in six @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: CT, US and MR imaging are effective methods of imaging the @entity1 . Chest CT and bone scintigraphy should be performed to detect metastases. The presence of a thin @entity1 capsule, a stellate central zone of @entity2 , and evidence of hormonal function help distinguish @entity6 from @entity3 .

title: Imaging findings in pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Two cell lines, @entity9 and @entity9 , were established from biopsied specimens of @entity4 of spindle B and mixed cell type morphologies. Both cell lines were phenotypically malignant. Karyotypic analyses revealed @entity0 chromosomes with a modal number of 95 and 85, respectively. These cell lines have been passaged for over 2 years and are essentially immortal. The cells grew without contact inhibition as monolayers in liquid culture or as clones in soft agar. Electron microscopy revealed @entity4 cells containing premelanosomes and cultures free from contamination by fibroblasts. To categorize the morphologies of these cultured cells better by the Callender classification, they were grown as xenografts in the anterior chambers of @entity2 immunosuppressed with daily i.m. doses of @entity3 (10 mg/kg). @entity1 plaques were detected after 10 days. The eyes were enucleated and fixed in @entity5 and stained with @entity6 and @entity7 for histopathological evaluation. The xenograft from @entity9 was found to consist predominantly of spindle B-type @entity4 cells. In contrast, the xenograft from @entity9 contained epithelioid, spindle B and clear cell ("balloon") @entity4 cells. The ability of these cell lines to grow as xenografts confirmed their neoplastic origin. In fact, the types of the @entity8 cells in the xenografts resembled those in the original biopsied @entity1 . This suggests that the morphology of @entity0 @entity8 cells is an inherited trait and may be genetically fairly stable.

title: Characterization of @entity8 cell lines that grow as xenografts in XXXX eyes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Two cell lines, @entity9 and @entity9 , were established from biopsied specimens of @entity4 of spindle B and mixed cell type morphologies. Both cell lines were phenotypically malignant. Karyotypic analyses revealed @entity0 chromosomes with a modal number of 95 and 85, respectively. These cell lines have been passaged for over 2 years and are essentially immortal. The cells grew without contact inhibition as monolayers in liquid culture or as clones in soft agar. Electron microscopy revealed @entity4 cells containing premelanosomes and cultures free from contamination by fibroblasts. To categorize the morphologies of these cultured cells better by the Callender classification, they were grown as xenografts in the anterior chambers of @entity2 immunosuppressed with daily i.m. doses of @entity3 (10 mg/kg). @entity1 plaques were detected after 10 days. The eyes were enucleated and fixed in @entity5 and stained with @entity6 and @entity7 for histopathological evaluation. The xenograft from @entity9 was found to consist predominantly of spindle B-type @entity4 cells. In contrast, the xenograft from @entity9 contained epithelioid, spindle B and clear cell ("balloon") @entity4 cells. The ability of these cell lines to grow as xenografts confirmed their neoplastic origin. In fact, the types of the @entity8 cells in the xenografts resembled those in the original biopsied @entity1 . This suggests that the morphology of @entity0 @entity8 cells is an inherited trait and may be genetically fairly stable.

title: Characterization of XXXX cell lines that grow as xenografts in @entity2 eyes.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Recurrent tears after rotator cuff repairs are frequent. These could be influenced by excessive @entity3 on a @entity1 and by @entity1 of the cuff muscles. The goal of this study was to evaluate the anatomic and functional results of @entity3 -free cuff repairs with the excision of @entity0 in a series with limited muscular @entity1 index of rotator cuff muscles equal to or lower than 2. We studied 27 tears, comprising 13 cases involving both supraspinatus and infraspinatus tears, 13 cases with 3-tendon tears, and 1 case with only a supraspinatus tear. All shoulders were operated on through a transacromial approach easily repaired with 2 @entity2 screws with washers. To obtain a repair without @entity3 , a single advancement was performed in 20 cases and a double advancement of both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus was done in 7 cases. The shoulders were evaluated clinically preoperatively and postoperatively with the non-weighted Constant score and anatomically with computed arthrotomography scans. The mean age at operation was 59.5 years, and the length of follow-up ranged from 1 to 4 years. Of the cuffs, 23 (85%) were watertight 1 year after surgery. No predictive factor of retear could be found. The functional improvement was statistically significant only for watertight cuffs, with an improvement of the Constant score from 57.8 to 75. The only predictive factor of functional outcome in this watertight group was the preoperative Constant score. Single and double advancements yielded similar functional results regardless of the extent of the initial tear, provided that the cuff was watertight at revision.

title: Tension-free cuff repairs with excision of macroscopic tendon lesions and muscular advancement: results in a prospective series with limited fatty XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity0 from the Indian subcontinent have high rates of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), studies of such in Indian and Pakistani @entity0 living in the United States are lacking. OBJECTIVE: This study accounted for variability in serum lipid (total @entity2 and @entity4 ) and lipoprotein [LDL @entity2 , lipoprotein(a), and HDL @entity2 ] concentrations in Indian and Pakistani compared with American premenopausal @entity0 in the United States. Body composition, regional fat distribution, dietary intake, and energy expenditure were compared between groups. DESIGN: The 2 groups were 47 Indian and Pakistani and 47 American @entity0 . Health was assessed via medical history, physical activity, body composition (via anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), dietary intake (via 7-d food records), and serum lipids. RESULTS: Serum total @entity2 , @entity4 , LDL @entity2 , lipoprotein(a), the ratio of total to HDL @entity2 , and the ratio of LDL to HDL @entity2 were greater (P <0.03), whereas HDL- @entity2 values were lower (P = 0.011) in Indians and @entity5 than in Americans. Multiple regression analysis indicated that approximately 18% of the variance in total @entity2 (P = 0.0010) and LDL @entity2 (P = 0.0009) was accounted for by ethnicity, energy expenditure, and the ratio of the sum of central to the sum of peripheral skinfold thicknesses. Ethnicity, sum of central skinfold thicknesses, ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat, and monounsaturated fat intake accounted for approximately 43% of the variance in @entity4 concentration (P < 0.0001). Monounsaturated fat, percentage body fat, and @entity3 intake accounted for approximately 26% of variance in HDL @entity2 . Ethnicity contributed approximately 22% of the 25% overall variance in lipoprotein(a). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that these Indian and Pakistani @entity0 are at higher @entity1 risk than their American counterparts, but that increasing their physical activity is likely to decrease overall and regional adiposity, thereby improving their serum lipid profiles.

title: XXXX risk factors in 2 distinct ethnic groups: Indian and Pakistani compared with American premenopausal @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity0 from the Indian subcontinent have high rates of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), studies of such in Indian and Pakistani @entity0 living in the United States are lacking. OBJECTIVE: This study accounted for variability in serum lipid (total @entity2 and @entity4 ) and lipoprotein [LDL @entity2 , lipoprotein(a), and HDL @entity2 ] concentrations in Indian and Pakistani compared with American premenopausal @entity0 in the United States. Body composition, regional fat distribution, dietary intake, and energy expenditure were compared between groups. DESIGN: The 2 groups were 47 Indian and Pakistani and 47 American @entity0 . Health was assessed via medical history, physical activity, body composition (via anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), dietary intake (via 7-d food records), and serum lipids. RESULTS: Serum total @entity2 , @entity4 , LDL @entity2 , lipoprotein(a), the ratio of total to HDL @entity2 , and the ratio of LDL to HDL @entity2 were greater (P <0.03), whereas HDL- @entity2 values were lower (P = 0.011) in Indians and @entity5 than in Americans. Multiple regression analysis indicated that approximately 18% of the variance in total @entity2 (P = 0.0010) and LDL @entity2 (P = 0.0009) was accounted for by ethnicity, energy expenditure, and the ratio of the sum of central to the sum of peripheral skinfold thicknesses. Ethnicity, sum of central skinfold thicknesses, ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat, and monounsaturated fat intake accounted for approximately 43% of the variance in @entity4 concentration (P < 0.0001). Monounsaturated fat, percentage body fat, and @entity3 intake accounted for approximately 26% of variance in HDL @entity2 . Ethnicity contributed approximately 22% of the 25% overall variance in lipoprotein(a). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that these Indian and Pakistani @entity0 are at higher @entity1 risk than their American counterparts, but that increasing their physical activity is likely to decrease overall and regional adiposity, thereby improving their serum lipid profiles.

title: @entity1 risk factors in 2 distinct ethnic groups: Indian and Pakistani compared with American premenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditional approaches to @entity5 are technically demanding and, if incorporating thoracotomy, can be associated with significant morbidity. New procedures have allowed discectomy with less @entity1 and morbidity. PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility, safety, and early outcome of a minimally invasive extracavitary approach (MI-ECA) for @entity6 . STUDY DESIGN: Cadaver sessions and a short-term @entity0 study were performed on four cadavers and 10 @entity0 , respectively. Operative results and complications were studied, and early outcome was assessed using a Visual Pain Analog Scale, neurological status, and American @entity7 Association (ASIA) classification. METHODS: Four fresh cadaver sessions, attempting all thoracic levels, were completed to determine the feasibility of the technique. Ten @entity0 with @entity4 caused by @entity5 were treated using the minimally invasive extracavitary approach. RESULTS: Intervertebral discs were successfully removed from all four cadavers using this procedure. No operative complications in the @entity0 series were documented. The mean operative time was 171 minutes (150-220), mean estimated @entity2 was 215 cc (60-350), and hospital stay for all @entity0 was one night. No @entity3 were encountered. All @entity0 returned to work within 4 weeks after discharge. Postoperative ASIA scores improved in three @entity0 who had motor or sensory findings. Tone improved in all @entity0 . Mean @entity1 outcome using the Visual Pain Analog Scale was 1.5 (0-3). CONCLUSION: Our early experience suggests that MI-ECA may be a valuable option in the management of @entity5 .

title: Minimally invasive, extracavitary approach for XXXX : technical report and preliminary results.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Tumor uptake of the chimeric G250 (cG250) monoclonal antibody (mAb) in @entity0 with primary @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is among the highest reported in solid @entity1 . However, as observed in other @entity1 types, the intratumoral distribution of the antibody is highly heterogeneous, which may limit the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy. A number of highly dynamic physiological factors have been postulated that may contribute to heterogeneous @entity1 uptake of antibodies. Their impact on @entity1 uptake of antibodies may vary from one @entity1 region to another as well as from one day to the next. Here, we report on a clinical study that was designed to investigate whether the pattern of mAb cG250 uptake within @entity2 is altered with subsequent injections. Ten @entity0 with a clinical diagnosis of primary @entity2 were studied. Nine days before surgery, @entity0 received 125I-cG250 (5 mg of cG250, 50 microCi of 125I), followed by a second injection of 131I-cG250 (5 mg of cG250, 3.5 mCi of 131I) 4 days later. Postsurgery, the @entity1 was cut into (1-cm) thick slices. Slices were imaged on a gamma camera, and the slice with the most pronounced heterogeneity in 131I-cG250 distribution was selected and cut into 1-cm3 cubes. Each cube was analyzed for 121I-cG250 and 131I-cG250 uptake, and the 131I/125I ratio was determined. For each @entity1 slice, the distribution patterns of both isotopes were reconstructed and compared with each other. All @entity1 analyzed showed a heterogeneous distribution of both isotopes throughout the @entity1 slice; focal uptake in some areas of a @entity1 reached very high levels (up to 0.19% injected dose/g), whereas other tumorous areas of the same slice showed much lower uptake (as low as 0.0047% injected dose/g). Remarkably, in all @entity1 , the distribution pattern of both injections was identical: without exception, in all samples analyzed (n = 692), the uptake of 125I-cG250 was similar to 131I-cG250 uptake. Overall, the 131I/125I ratio was 1.64+/-0.31 (mean+/-SD). The constant 131I/125I ratios, observed in all @entity1 samples investigated, indicate that the @entity1 parameters governing cG250 mAb uptake were not altered significantly within the time period studied. In addition, the results of this study suggest that multiple radiolabeled antibody injections, administered within short time periods, will target the same areas within a @entity1 and, thus, will not solve the problem of heterogeneous @entity1 uptake of antibody.

title: Intratumoral distribution of two consecutive injections of chimeric antibody G250 in primary XXXX : implications for fractionated dose radioimmunotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twenty-six @entity0 with @entity4 confined below the diaphragm were treated at the Mayo Clinic over a 9-year period (1974-1982). Ten of the twenty-six @entity0 presented with intra-abdominal disease alone, and the remaining 16 @entity0 presented with palpable @entity5 . One hundred thirty @entity0 with pathologically staged supradiaphragmatic disease were treated over the same period and serve as a comparison group. The median age of 52 years among @entity0 with @entity3 was significantly higher than the median age of 27 years in supradiaphragmatic group. There was no difference in sex distribution between the two groups. One-fifth of the subdiaphragmatic @entity0 presented with B symptoms compared to one-tenth in the supradiaphragmatic group. No significant histological differences were seen. The majority of @entity0 were treated with radiation therapy alone. The overall failure rate was 42% in the subdiaphragmatic group versus 22% in @entity0 with supradiaphragmatic disease. All of the failures occurred in @entity0 treated with radiotherapy alone. Stage and the presence of B symptoms were the most important prognostic factors. The type of subdiaphragmatic presentation (intra-abdominal versus inguinal-femoral) did not influence the outcome. Despite decreased 5-year recurrence-free survival (57% subdiaphragmatic vs. 79% supradiaphragmatic, p = 0.03), the overall 5-year survival rate of 85% is comparable to that of @entity0 with supradiaphragmatic disease. It appears that inverted Y irradiation alone is sufficient for @entity0 with @entity1 , but that @entity0 with B symptoms or @entity2 require more aggressive initial therapy if recurrence-free survival is to be improved.

title: Management of subdiaphragmatic early-stage XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) implantation, and a single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in @entity0 with coexisting visually significant @entity1 and @entity3 due to age-related @entity2 . SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy. METHODS: Eyes with predominantly @entity3 and @entity1 had phacoemulsification, @entity4 implantation, and a 1.25 mg intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. One month after combined surgery, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), anterior chamber reaction, and intraocular pressure were evaluated and central foveal thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: Twenty eyes of 20 @entity0 were evaluated. One month postoperatively, the mean CDVA improved significantly, from 20/100 (range 20/160 to 20/80) at baseline to 20/63 (range 20/125 to 20/50) (P<.0001). The mean central foveal thickness decreased significantly, from 353.75 microm +/- 12.50 (SD) (range 334 to 375 microm) at baseline to 275.7 +/- 17.3 microm (range 255 to 323 microm) at 1 month (P<.0001). Intraocular pressure did not change significantly, and anterior chamber reaction was absent. No ocular or systemic adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION: Combined phacoemulsification, @entity4 implantation, and intravitreal bevacizumab was a safe and efficacious treatment in @entity0 with visually significant @entity1 and @entity5 .

title: Combined XXXX extraction and intravitreal bevacizumab in eyes with choroidal neovascularization resulting from age-related @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) implantation, and a single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in @entity0 with coexisting visually significant @entity1 and @entity3 due to age-related @entity2 . SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy. METHODS: Eyes with predominantly @entity3 and @entity1 had phacoemulsification, @entity4 implantation, and a 1.25 mg intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. One month after combined surgery, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), anterior chamber reaction, and intraocular pressure were evaluated and central foveal thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: Twenty eyes of 20 @entity0 were evaluated. One month postoperatively, the mean CDVA improved significantly, from 20/100 (range 20/160 to 20/80) at baseline to 20/63 (range 20/125 to 20/50) (P<.0001). The mean central foveal thickness decreased significantly, from 353.75 microm +/- 12.50 (SD) (range 334 to 375 microm) at baseline to 275.7 +/- 17.3 microm (range 255 to 323 microm) at 1 month (P<.0001). Intraocular pressure did not change significantly, and anterior chamber reaction was absent. No ocular or systemic adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION: Combined phacoemulsification, @entity4 implantation, and intravitreal bevacizumab was a safe and efficacious treatment in @entity0 with visually significant @entity1 and @entity5 .

title: Combined @entity1 extraction and intravitreal bevacizumab in eyes with choroidal neovascularization resulting from age-related XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared @entity2 detection rates achieved using an 8 and 12-core biopsy protocol in a clinical population to determine the significance of additional transition zone sampling on repeat biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2004 and September 2007, 269 eligible @entity0 with a clinical suspicion of @entity2 referred to our department were randomized to an 8-core lateral (group 1) or a 12-core lateral and parasagittal (group 2) transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy protocol. Study inclusion criteria were age dependent increased serum prostate specific antigen (1.25 ng/ml or greater at ages less than 50 years, 1.75 or greater at ages 50 to less than 60 years, 2.25 or greater at ages 60 to less than 70 years and 3.25 or greater at ages 70 years or greater), positive digital rectal examination and/or suspicious transrectal ultrasound. After negative first round biopsy @entity0 underwent 12-core biopsy, including 4 transition zone cores. RESULTS: Nine @entity0 were excluded from analysis because of protocol violation or they did not complete the whole biopsy procedure due to discomfort. The @entity1 detection rate in groups 1 and 2 did not differ significantly (34.1% or 45 of 132 @entity0 and 38.3% or 49 of 128, respectively, p = 0.48). @entity1 median Gleason scores were similar in the groups. Of 109 @entity0 who underwent repeat biopsy @entity2 was detected in 20 (14.4%), of whom 9 had positive cores from the transition zone and 6 had positive biopsies only from the transition zone. CONCLUSIONS: There are no statistically significant differences in the @entity2 detection rate between 8 and 12-core prostate biopsy protocols. Transition zone biopsies contribute to @entity2 detection in a repeat biopsy protocol.

title: XXXX detection: 8 versus 12-core biopsy protocol.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are believed common in @entity3 @entity0 and are suggested to worsen outcome. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate outcome in @entity0 in critical care units in whom @entity1 was suspected to determine how often evidence of @entity2 activity existed based on an isolated standard 20 minute electroencephalogram (EEG) and to determine what clinical factors predicted outcome. We prospectively reviewed EEGs and clinical charts of @entity0 admitted to a critical care unit at a tertiary care center who were suspected to have non- @entity2 @entity2 . Outcomes were correlated with EEG findings, clinical factors, and acute therapies using univariate and multivariate logistic analyses. Of 189 @entity0 , complete information was available in 169. Eighty-one (47.9%) @entity0 died, 67 (39.6%) were discharged home, and 21 (12.4%) were discharged to long-term care. Four @entity0 had @entity2 , two of whom had no clinical manifestations (i.e. non- @entity2 ). On univariate analysis, increased age, an admitting diagnosis of @entity4 , a Glasgow @entity3 Scale (GCS) score8, and burst suppression were correlated significantly with poor outcome. A past history of @entity2 and unequivocal tonic-clonic @entity2 were correlated significantly with a better outcome. On multivariate analysis, increased age, @entity4 , and a GCS score8 were associated with increased mortality (p<0.05). Clinical factors, including age, underlying etiology and GCS score are the most important predicators of outcome in @entity3 . A standard 20 minute EEG did not correlate with a high detection rate of @entity2 activity. Furthermore, EEG patterns and treatment with anticonvulsant medications did not correlate with outcome.

title: The role of the standard 20 minute EEG recording in the XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are believed common in @entity3 @entity0 and are suggested to worsen outcome. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate outcome in @entity0 in critical care units in whom @entity1 was suspected to determine how often evidence of @entity2 activity existed based on an isolated standard 20 minute electroencephalogram (EEG) and to determine what clinical factors predicted outcome. We prospectively reviewed EEGs and clinical charts of @entity0 admitted to a critical care unit at a tertiary care center who were suspected to have non- @entity2 @entity2 . Outcomes were correlated with EEG findings, clinical factors, and acute therapies using univariate and multivariate logistic analyses. Of 189 @entity0 , complete information was available in 169. Eighty-one (47.9%) @entity0 died, 67 (39.6%) were discharged home, and 21 (12.4%) were discharged to long-term care. Four @entity0 had @entity2 , two of whom had no clinical manifestations (i.e. non- @entity2 ). On univariate analysis, increased age, an admitting diagnosis of @entity4 , a Glasgow @entity3 Scale (GCS) score8, and burst suppression were correlated significantly with poor outcome. A past history of @entity2 and unequivocal tonic-clonic @entity2 were correlated significantly with a better outcome. On multivariate analysis, increased age, @entity4 , and a GCS score8 were associated with increased mortality (p<0.05). Clinical factors, including age, underlying etiology and GCS score are the most important predicators of outcome in @entity3 . A standard 20 minute EEG did not correlate with a high detection rate of @entity2 activity. Furthermore, EEG patterns and treatment with anticonvulsant medications did not correlate with outcome.

title: The role of the standard 20 minute EEG recording in the @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a @entity2 , and the etiology of the disease is unclear. It is speculated that maternal ingestion of some drugs during pregnancy and degeneration of smooth muscle cells in the fetus may be an etiologic factor. In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of maternal ingestion of @entity5 on the fetal bladder and colon in pregnant @entity1 . METHOD: We separated animals into a @entity5 group including 30 @entity1 and a control group with 14 @entity1 . Nothing was given to the control group during pregnancy. Intraperitoneally 8 mg/kg/day @entity5 was given to the study group from the 6th to 12th day of pregnancy. All of the @entity1 were sacrificed on the 20th day of pregnancy. Histopathological examination of fetal colons and bladders was performed. RESULTS: In the @entity5 group, an increase in the colon and bladder diameter, an increase in @entity4 in the colon and bladder wall, an increase in @entity6 in the muscles of the bladder and colon wall, and a significant @entity3 were determined. CONCLUSION: In our @entity1 model, we found histological structural changes in the @entity1 ' colon and bladder walls as a result of using @entity5 on the 6-12th days of pregnancy similar to pathological findings found in some of @entity7 @entity0 ' bowels and bladders.

title: Does maternal drug ingestion cause megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome? II. XXXX trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Following injury, tissue repair process takes place involving @entity1 , granulation tissue formation and scar constitution. Granulation tissue develops from the connective tissue surrounding the damaged area and contains vessels, inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts play an important role in many tissue injuries and @entity2 . The process of normal wound repair after tissue injury follows a closely regulated sequence including the activation and the proliferation of fibroblastic cells. In pathological situations, the normal resolution stages are abrogated and the proliferation of myofibroblasts continues, inducing excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. The differentiation of fibroblastic cells into myofibroblasts is an early event in the development of tissue @entity3 . Myofibroblastic cells express smooth muscle cytoskeletal markers (alpha-smooth muscle actin in particular) and participate actively in the production of extracellular matrix. The evaluation of myofibroblast differentiation in renal biopsies would be useful for histopathologists to appreciate the intensity of tissue injury and particularly to predict the long term outcome of some @entity0 . Immunohistochemical studies for alpha-smooth muscle actin should be made systematically in renal tissue biopsies. Myofibroblastic differentiation appears to play a significant role in the progression of @entity4 and seems to be a useful marker of progressive disease.

title: Role of myofibroblasts during normal tissue repair and excessive scarring: interest of their assessment in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the presence and the prevalence of @entity3 and the variability of the heart rate in the medium-term postoperative period following the maze procedure for chronic @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: Seventeen @entity0 with a mean age of 51.7 +/- 12.9 years, who previously underwent the maze procedure without cryoablation for chronic @entity4 , were evaluated with the 24 hour electrocardiogram (ECG)--Holter monitoring from the 6th month after the operation. Valvular and coronary procedures were concomitantly performed. RESULTS: The mean heart rate during Holter monitoring was 82 +/- 8 bpm; the maximal heart rate was 126 +/- 23 bpm and the minimal heart rate 57 +/- 7 bpm. Sinus rhythm was found in 10 (59%) @entity0 and atrial rhythm was found in 7 (41%). @entity6 had a rate of 2.3 +/- 5.5% of the total number of heartbeats and occurred in 16 (94%) @entity0 . Six (35%) @entity0 showed nonsustained @entity1 . @entity5 , with a rate of 0.8 +/- 0.5% of the total heartbeats, occurred in 14 (82%) @entity0 . The chronotropic competence was normal in 9 (53%) @entity0 and attenuated in 8 (47%). The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was unchanged in 13 (76%) @entity0 and there were 4 (24%) cases of first degree @entity2 ( @entity2 ). CONCLUSION: After the maze procedure, the values for the mean heart rate, @entity2 conduction and chronotropic competence approach the normal range, although some cases show attenuation of the chronotropic response, @entity2 or benign @entity3 .

title: Evaluation of the heart rate and XXXX following the maze procedure for chronic @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the presence and the prevalence of @entity3 and the variability of the heart rate in the medium-term postoperative period following the maze procedure for chronic @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: Seventeen @entity0 with a mean age of 51.7 +/- 12.9 years, who previously underwent the maze procedure without cryoablation for chronic @entity4 , were evaluated with the 24 hour electrocardiogram (ECG)--Holter monitoring from the 6th month after the operation. Valvular and coronary procedures were concomitantly performed. RESULTS: The mean heart rate during Holter monitoring was 82 +/- 8 bpm; the maximal heart rate was 126 +/- 23 bpm and the minimal heart rate 57 +/- 7 bpm. Sinus rhythm was found in 10 (59%) @entity0 and atrial rhythm was found in 7 (41%). @entity6 had a rate of 2.3 +/- 5.5% of the total number of heartbeats and occurred in 16 (94%) @entity0 . Six (35%) @entity0 showed nonsustained @entity1 . @entity5 , with a rate of 0.8 +/- 0.5% of the total heartbeats, occurred in 14 (82%) @entity0 . The chronotropic competence was normal in 9 (53%) @entity0 and attenuated in 8 (47%). The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was unchanged in 13 (76%) @entity0 and there were 4 (24%) cases of first degree @entity2 ( @entity2 ). CONCLUSION: After the maze procedure, the values for the mean heart rate, @entity2 conduction and chronotropic competence approach the normal range, although some cases show attenuation of the chronotropic response, @entity2 or benign @entity3 .

title: Evaluation of the heart rate and @entity3 following the maze procedure for chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulmonary manifestations in @entity7 are considered a major complication and are related to a poor prognosis. We present a large series of @entity0 with @entity1 using a practical approach based on the presence of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: A retrospective study of @entity0 with confirmed @entity7 . RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-nine @entity0 with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of @entity7 were investigated. One hundred and thirty-four @entity0 (36.7  14 years of age) had @entity1 . Severe @entity1 was defined by evidence of @entity5 . Univariate analysis found the following factors related to severe @entity1 : dyspnoea (OR=10.14, p<0.0001), pulmonary crepitations (OR=4.8, p<0.0004), abnormal chest X-ray (OR=9.88, p<0.007) with alveolar shadowing (OR=8.12, p<0.0001), @entity4 / @entity6 (OR=5.48, p<0.0001), @entity2 (OR=7.11, p< 0.0001), shock (OR=8.38, p< 0.0001), ICU admission (OR=60.08, p< 0.0001), dialysis (OR=4.87, p< 0.001), mechanical ventilation (OR=216, p< 0.0001) and development of @entity3 (OR=21.5, p< 0.0001). The mortality rate was significantly different between severe (40%) and non-severe (5.3%) pulmonary forms (OR=11.87, p< 0.0001). Multivariate analysis found two independent factors related to severe @entity1 : dyspnoea (OR=10.18, p< 0.0001) and @entity4 / @entity6 (OR=4.87, p< 0.0009). We performed a multivariate analysis to assess independent factors related to mortality and found: mechanical ventilation requirement (OR=27.85, p< 0.0001) and AST greater than 150 IU/L (OR=4.57, p< 0.02). Haemoptysis was associated with survival (OR=0.2, p< 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity1 in @entity7 is associated with extensive disease involving other organs. The association of multiple factors is associated with severe forms of the disease and a high mortality rate.

title: Pulmonary manifestations of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity0 and ageing induce reduction and dysfunction of vascular progenitor cells. Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) accumulate in @entity0 and ageing. We investigated the influence of AGEs on function of @entity2 progenitor cells. @entity2 cells were co-cultured with HUVECs in a three-dimensional spheroid assay. Sprout length growth and incorporation of @entity2 cells into the sprouts were analyzed under 2, 20 or 200 microg/ml AGEs. AGE-receptor expression, MAP-kinase signal transduction and apoptosis were analyzed using PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry. In the spheroid assay, AGEs concentration-dependently cause a reduction of sprout length growth by 6+/-6 to 32+/-6% and an attenuation of progenitor cells incorporation into the sprouting endothelium by up to 43+/-6%. This functional impairment is accompanied by activation of @entity2 cell proliferation at lower concentrations (2 or 20 microg/ml) and by apoptosis activation under 200 microg/ml AGEs. The mRNA expression of the receptors for AGEs and the AGEs-induced activation of @entity1 and p44/42 MAP-kinases are demonstrable in @entity2 cells. This AGEs-mediated impairment of progenitor cell function identifies a new pathophysiological mechanism of disturbed vascular adaptation in @entity0 or ageing and suggests that lowering AGEs in recipients of progenitor cell therapy might be beneficial for the success of this therapy.

title: Depression of progenitor cell function by advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs): potential relevance for impaired angiogenesis in advanced age and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 is still the most commonly seen @entity4 in Brazilian pediatric rheumatology clinics. It remains a significant health problem since subsequent cardiac sequelae represent one of the most important causes of chronic @entity1 in @entity0 . We reviewed the clinical manifestations of @entity7 in 786 @entity0 followed at seven pediatric rheumatology clinics in the state of S  o Paulo, Brazil. All @entity0 were diagnosed according to revised Jones' criteria. Regarding major criteria, 396 (50.4%) @entity0 exhibited @entity6 , 453 (57.6%) @entity3 , 274 (34.8%) @entity8 , 13 (1.6%) @entity9 , and 12 (1.5%) subcutaneous nodules. @entity2 documented by echocardiography in the absence of accompanying auscultatory findings were found in 144 (18.3%) @entity0 . Migratory @entity3 was observed in 290 (64.0%) @entity0 with articular involvement. Documented previous @entity5 assessed by serum antistreptolysin (ASO) titers occurred in 531 (67.5%) @entity0 . Even though prophylaxis with @entity10 penicillin was recommended to all @entity0 , recurrent attacks were observed in 147 (18.7%). We emphasize the high frequency of @entity8 , silent @entity6 and recurrences in our series as well as the variable clinical presentation of @entity3 in @entity7 . Multicenter studies should be encouraged to improve our understanding of the clinical features of @entity4 in @entity0 and adolescents.

title: XXXX : a multicenter study in the state of S  o Paulo. Pediatric Committee--S  o Paulo Pediatric Rheumatology Society.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Analyses of bile @entity4 during the first month after Kasai operations, and of the liver biopsies obtained at the time of initial surgery, were done in 67 @entity0 with @entity7 . @entity4 excretion (milligrams per day) was determined as the product of the bile volume and its concentration. Operative liver biopsies were evaluated for @entity1 , bile duct proliferation, @entity5 , @entity3 ; the severity of each abnormality was graded on a scale of 0 to 4. A forward stepwise regression procedure using the Cox proportional hazards model identified the relationship between survival and covariants. Thirty-nine of 67 @entity0 died. Of these, 38 excreted less than 6 mg of @entity4 per day during the first postoperative month. The other @entity0 died of a coexisting @entity2 . Nine other @entity0 who excreted less than 6 mg of @entity4 per day are alive but are either jaundiced or awaiting transplantation. Nineteen @entity0 who excreted greater than or equal to 6 mg of @entity4 per day are alive (mean follow-up, 61 months) with normal or near-normal liver function. The severity of @entity6 , bile duct proliferation, and @entity5 did not correlate with survival, whereas @entity3 were highly significant (P less than or equal to .000 and P less than or equal to .0003, respectively). Twenty-six @entity0 with grade 1-4 giant cell transformation or grade 2-4 parenchymal degeneration had a mean survival of 11 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : early determination of prognosis.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: We analyzed the risk factors and incidence of secondary @entity4 of the remnant urothelium in @entity0 following radical cystectomy for @entity4 of the bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 85 @entity0 with a mean age of 64.5 years with clinically localized @entity4 of the bladder underwent radical cystectomy between 1992 and 2004. Orthotopic bladder substitution was performed in 46 females, while 39 underwent nonorthotopic urinary diversion. Of the entire cohort 22 (26%) @entity0 underwent cystectomy for multifocal or recurrent @entity4 . Followup examinations were performed at 6-month intervals. RESULTS: Mean followup in the entire cohort was 49.8 months (median 42). Intraoperative frozen sections obtained from the urethra and distal ureters were negative for @entity4 and CIS in all @entity0 . Four @entity0 (4.7%) had @entity4 in the remnant urothelium at a mean of 56 months postoperatively. These @entity0 had undergone cystectomy for multifocal or recurrent @entity4 (4 of 22 or 18%). No secondary @entity4 was seen in the 63 @entity0 with solitary invasive or nonrecurrent @entity2 (p <0.05). Urethral recurrence was found in 2 @entity0 (4.3%) 65 and 36 months after orthotopic neobladder surgery, respectively. In the orthotopic group 1 @entity0 (2.1%) had an @entity3 76 months after surgery, while in the nonorthotopic group 1 (2.5%) was found to have an @entity3 48 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent or multifocal @entity4 may represent a risk factor for secondary @entity4 of the remnant urothelium after cystectomy. In our series all recurrent @entity1 were late recurrences (more than 36 months postoperatively). Because the rate of urethral recurrence in the current series corresponds to that reported in @entity0 (2% to 6%), urethra sparing cystectomy with orthotopic bladder replacement does not appear to compromise the oncological outcome in @entity0 .

title: @entity1 recurrence in the remnant urothelium of females undergoing radical cystectomy for transitional cell XXXX : long-term results from a single center.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We analyzed the risk factors and incidence of secondary @entity4 of the remnant urothelium in @entity0 following radical cystectomy for @entity4 of the bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 85 @entity0 with a mean age of 64.5 years with clinically localized @entity4 of the bladder underwent radical cystectomy between 1992 and 2004. Orthotopic bladder substitution was performed in 46 females, while 39 underwent nonorthotopic urinary diversion. Of the entire cohort 22 (26%) @entity0 underwent cystectomy for multifocal or recurrent @entity4 . Followup examinations were performed at 6-month intervals. RESULTS: Mean followup in the entire cohort was 49.8 months (median 42). Intraoperative frozen sections obtained from the urethra and distal ureters were negative for @entity4 and CIS in all @entity0 . Four @entity0 (4.7%) had @entity4 in the remnant urothelium at a mean of 56 months postoperatively. These @entity0 had undergone cystectomy for multifocal or recurrent @entity4 (4 of 22 or 18%). No secondary @entity4 was seen in the 63 @entity0 with solitary invasive or nonrecurrent @entity2 (p <0.05). Urethral recurrence was found in 2 @entity0 (4.3%) 65 and 36 months after orthotopic neobladder surgery, respectively. In the orthotopic group 1 @entity0 (2.1%) had an @entity3 76 months after surgery, while in the nonorthotopic group 1 (2.5%) was found to have an @entity3 48 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent or multifocal @entity4 may represent a risk factor for secondary @entity4 of the remnant urothelium after cystectomy. In our series all recurrent @entity1 were late recurrences (more than 36 months postoperatively). Because the rate of urethral recurrence in the current series corresponds to that reported in @entity0 (2% to 6%), urethra sparing cystectomy with orthotopic bladder replacement does not appear to compromise the oncological outcome in @entity0 .

title: XXXX recurrence in the remnant urothelium of females undergoing radical cystectomy for transitional cell @entity2 : long-term results from a single center.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: We identified clinical, treatment and dosimetric parameters associated with the development of @entity5 following permanent prostate brachytherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 1995 through April 2003, 1,186 consecutive @entity0 underwent prostate brachytherapy for clinical stage T1b-T3a NxM0 (2002 American Joint Committee on @entity1 ) @entity2 . The treatment plan included supplemental XRT in 625 @entity0 (52.7%) and @entity3 deprivation therapy in 465 (39.2%). Median followup was 4.3 years. Multiple clinical, treatment and dosimetric parameters were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses to identify independent predictors for @entity5 . RESULTS: A total of 29 @entity0 had brachytherapy related @entity5 . All strictures involved the BM urethra with a 9-year actuarial risk of 3.6% and a median time to development of 2.4 years. The mean radiation dose to the BM urethra was significantly greater in @entity0 with vs without stricture (p = 0.002). On multivariate analysis the BM urethral dose and supplemental XRT predicted @entity5 . All except 3 @entity0 were successfully treated with urethral dilation or internal optical urethrotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Brachytherapy related @entity5 correlates highly with the radiation dose to the BM urethra. Careful attention to brachytherapy preplanning and intraoperative execution along with the judicious use of supplemental XRT is essential to minimize the incidence of @entity4 .

title: Risk factors for the development of prostate brachytherapy related XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: : @entity2 is an independent contributor to neonatal mortality. All very low-birth-weight (VLBW) newborns have the potential to undergo cold stress or @entity2 during delivery room stabilization. Thus, clinicians aiming to maintain normothermia in VLBW neonates are compelled to use multiple adjuncts of unknown efficacy or safety. OBJECTIVE: : To evaluate the effectiveness of thermoregulation procedures in maintaining normothermia during delivery room resuscitation and to assess the impact of an unanticipated change in equipment at our institution on the admission temperatures of VLBW newborns. DESIGN/METHODS: : Institutional review board-approved, retrospective analysis of quality assurance data submitted to the Vermont-Oxford Network (VON) for 24 consecutive months starting January 2006. We compared the rate of @entity2 (admission temperature < 36.5  C) in our NICU during 2006 with the aggregate rates reported by VON. We then compared the rates of @entity2 and mean admission temperatures in our NICU during period 1 (when chemical warming packs were used routinely, in addition to plastic wrapping and warm blankets) and @entity3 (after packs were discontinued owing to an incident of focal @entity1 ). RESULTS: : In 2006, 42% of VLBW babies in our NICU had an admission temperature of less than 36.5  C compared with the VON rate of 61% (interquartile range 48%, 76%). During period 1, 39% of 183 VLBW neonates were hypothermic compared with 68% of 103 during @entity3 (P < .001). Mean admission temperatures during periods 1 and 2 were 36.5  C and 36.1  C, respectively (P < .001). A control chart showed the shift in temperatures occurring as @entity3 began. No change in practice other than discontinuation of the warming packs was instituted during @entity3 . The incidence of temperatures greater than 38  C ( @entity0 ) was 1.6% during period 1 and 1.0% during @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: : The results associated with this isolated change in practice at our institution suggest that chemical warming packs were a useful adjunct in achieving above-average rates of normothermia during delivery room resuscitation of VLBW newborns. Their potential adverse effects should be weighed against the increased risk of mortality associated with @entity2 in this population.

title: Use of chemical warming packs during delivery room resuscitation is associated with decreased rates of XXXX in very low-birth-weight neonates.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to describe the outcomes of a consecutive series of @entity0 with chronic @entity2 (CMI) who were treated with percutaneous stent revascularization. BACKGROUND: Historically, the treatment for CMI has been surgical revascularization. However, surgery carries a significant procedural complication rate and mortality. METHODS: Fifty-nine consecutive @entity0 with CMI underwent stent placement in 79 stenotic (>70%) mesenteric arteries. All @entity0 had clinical follow-up and 90% had anatomical follow-up with angiography (computed tomography or conventional) or ultrasound at > or =6 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Procedural success was obtained in 96% (76 of 79 arteries) and symptom relief occurred in 88% (50 @entity0 ). At a mean follow-up of 38 +/- 15 months (range, 6 to 112 months), 79% of the @entity0 remained alive, and 17% (n = 10) experienced a recurrence of symptoms. Angiography or ultrasound obtained at 14+/- 5 months after the procedure demonstrated a restenosis rate of 29% (n = 20). All @entity0 with recurrent symptoms had @entity1 and were successfully revascularized percutaneously. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous stent placement for the treatment of CMI can be performed with a high procedural success and a low complication rate. The long-term freedom from symptoms and vascular patency are comparable with surgical results. The inherent lower procedural morbidity and mortality makes the endovascular approach the preferred revascularization technique for these @entity0 .

title: Endovascular therapy for chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trastuzumab-based therapy after diagnosis of brain metastases (BM) may improve survival due to prolonged @entity2 control. We investigated whether @entity5 may yield additional survival benefit. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with BM from @entity4 -positive @entity0 were identified. Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) of at least 70 was required. We included a control group of 37 @entity1 treated before 2003, when continuation of trastuzumab after diagnosis of BM was not yet recommended. Remainders received either trastuzumab or @entity5 and trastuzumab (either concomitantly or sequentially) with or without chemotherapy. RESULTS: Median @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity1 receiving trastuzumab after diagnosis of BM was 13 months; corresponding numbers were 9 months in @entity1 treated with chemotherapy, and 3 months with radiotherapy alone. Median @entity3 was not reached in the @entity5 group. Addition of @entity5 prolonged @entity3 over trastuzumab alone (P=0.002). After correction for potential confounders, @entity5 therapy remained an independent positive predictor for survival (HR 0.279; P=0.012). INTERPRETATION: This retrospective single-centre study suggests that the introduction of @entity5 improved survival in @entity1 with BM from @entity4 -positive @entity0 . @entity1 with KPS >= 70 may benefit when treated with @entity5 in addition to trastuzumab after completion of local therapy.

title: Impact of anti- XXXX therapy on @entity3 in @entity4 -overexpressing @entity0 @entity1 with brain metastases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trastuzumab-based therapy after diagnosis of brain metastases (BM) may improve survival due to prolonged @entity2 control. We investigated whether @entity5 may yield additional survival benefit. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with BM from @entity4 -positive @entity0 were identified. Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) of at least 70 was required. We included a control group of 37 @entity1 treated before 2003, when continuation of trastuzumab after diagnosis of BM was not yet recommended. Remainders received either trastuzumab or @entity5 and trastuzumab (either concomitantly or sequentially) with or without chemotherapy. RESULTS: Median @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity1 receiving trastuzumab after diagnosis of BM was 13 months; corresponding numbers were 9 months in @entity1 treated with chemotherapy, and 3 months with radiotherapy alone. Median @entity3 was not reached in the @entity5 group. Addition of @entity5 prolonged @entity3 over trastuzumab alone (P=0.002). After correction for potential confounders, @entity5 therapy remained an independent positive predictor for survival (HR 0.279; P=0.012). INTERPRETATION: This retrospective single-centre study suggests that the introduction of @entity5 improved survival in @entity1 with BM from @entity4 -positive @entity0 . @entity1 with KPS >= 70 may benefit when treated with @entity5 in addition to trastuzumab after completion of local therapy.

title: Impact of anti- @entity4 therapy on @entity3 in XXXX -overexpressing @entity0 @entity1 with brain metastases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trastuzumab-based therapy after diagnosis of brain metastases (BM) may improve survival due to prolonged @entity2 control. We investigated whether @entity5 may yield additional survival benefit. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with BM from @entity4 -positive @entity0 were identified. Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) of at least 70 was required. We included a control group of 37 @entity1 treated before 2003, when continuation of trastuzumab after diagnosis of BM was not yet recommended. Remainders received either trastuzumab or @entity5 and trastuzumab (either concomitantly or sequentially) with or without chemotherapy. RESULTS: Median @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity1 receiving trastuzumab after diagnosis of BM was 13 months; corresponding numbers were 9 months in @entity1 treated with chemotherapy, and 3 months with radiotherapy alone. Median @entity3 was not reached in the @entity5 group. Addition of @entity5 prolonged @entity3 over trastuzumab alone (P=0.002). After correction for potential confounders, @entity5 therapy remained an independent positive predictor for survival (HR 0.279; P=0.012). INTERPRETATION: This retrospective single-centre study suggests that the introduction of @entity5 improved survival in @entity1 with BM from @entity4 -positive @entity0 . @entity1 with KPS >= 70 may benefit when treated with @entity5 in addition to trastuzumab after completion of local therapy.

title: Impact of anti- @entity4 therapy on @entity3 in @entity4 -overexpressing XXXX @entity1 with brain metastases.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trastuzumab-based therapy after diagnosis of brain metastases (BM) may improve survival due to prolonged @entity2 control. We investigated whether @entity5 may yield additional survival benefit. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with BM from @entity4 -positive @entity0 were identified. Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) of at least 70 was required. We included a control group of 37 @entity1 treated before 2003, when continuation of trastuzumab after diagnosis of BM was not yet recommended. Remainders received either trastuzumab or @entity5 and trastuzumab (either concomitantly or sequentially) with or without chemotherapy. RESULTS: Median @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity1 receiving trastuzumab after diagnosis of BM was 13 months; corresponding numbers were 9 months in @entity1 treated with chemotherapy, and 3 months with radiotherapy alone. Median @entity3 was not reached in the @entity5 group. Addition of @entity5 prolonged @entity3 over trastuzumab alone (P=0.002). After correction for potential confounders, @entity5 therapy remained an independent positive predictor for survival (HR 0.279; P=0.012). INTERPRETATION: This retrospective single-centre study suggests that the introduction of @entity5 improved survival in @entity1 with BM from @entity4 -positive @entity0 . @entity1 with KPS >= 70 may benefit when treated with @entity5 in addition to trastuzumab after completion of local therapy.

title: Impact of anti- @entity4 therapy on XXXX in @entity4 -overexpressing @entity0 @entity1 with brain metastases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trastuzumab-based therapy after diagnosis of brain metastases (BM) may improve survival due to prolonged @entity2 control. We investigated whether @entity5 may yield additional survival benefit. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with BM from @entity4 -positive @entity0 were identified. Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) of at least 70 was required. We included a control group of 37 @entity1 treated before 2003, when continuation of trastuzumab after diagnosis of BM was not yet recommended. Remainders received either trastuzumab or @entity5 and trastuzumab (either concomitantly or sequentially) with or without chemotherapy. RESULTS: Median @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity1 receiving trastuzumab after diagnosis of BM was 13 months; corresponding numbers were 9 months in @entity1 treated with chemotherapy, and 3 months with radiotherapy alone. Median @entity3 was not reached in the @entity5 group. Addition of @entity5 prolonged @entity3 over trastuzumab alone (P=0.002). After correction for potential confounders, @entity5 therapy remained an independent positive predictor for survival (HR 0.279; P=0.012). INTERPRETATION: This retrospective single-centre study suggests that the introduction of @entity5 improved survival in @entity1 with BM from @entity4 -positive @entity0 . @entity1 with KPS >= 70 may benefit when treated with @entity5 in addition to trastuzumab after completion of local therapy.

title: Impact of anti- @entity4 therapy on @entity3 in @entity4 -overexpressing @entity0 XXXX with brain metastases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 have become a major concern in comercial poutltry meat production. The mechanisms which cause leg problems are not completely understood. It has been hypothesed that high growth rate and low locomotor activity are the main factors. The particular effects of the different factors have been elucidated in special experiments. The locomotor activity of broilers with different growth rates has been observed in deep litter compartments with videotracking technique. The effects of locomotor activity were analysed through a training on treadmills in slow and fast growing broilers. Fast growing broilers showed a lower activity level from week one onwards and there was a pronounced drop in walking distances in the third week of age (21 to 8 meters per hour), while the slow growing broilers maintained a high activity level from 36 m throughout the fattening period. Systematic training of fast growing birds on treadmills increased the locomotion ability, the bone density and thickness and reduced the bending and twisting in leg bones. Increasing the distance between feeders and drinkers may be a method to increase locomotor activity under practical conditions and may be a method to reduce the incidence of @entity0 . Based on the results of previous experiments, a final test was carried out placing the feeder and drinker at two varied distances apart from each other (2 and 12 meters) and monitoring the effects on growth rate, locomotor activity, bone development and @entity2 in broilers. A total of 4800 male and female broilers (in groups of 600) were tested under virtually real conditions. The larger distance between food and water led to a three times increased level of locomotor activity. Weight development and food utilisation were not negatively influenced. Groups of birds, whose food and water supply were placed 12 metres apart, had significantly less cases of @entity2 and @entity1 due to @entity0 (2%). Increased walking activated the bone building processes of the tibia. This method is a practical way for @entity2 .

title: [Effect of locomotor activity on XXXX in fattening chicken].

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: Although considered as a feature of inflammatory @entity3 , there is a lot of controversy around low bone mass in @entity0 with @entity8 . The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze bone mineral density in @entity0 with @entity8 , as well as to investigate its possible association with some measures of disease activity and functional capacity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine @entity0 with established @entity8 (mean age 56.20    12.23 years) and who have not been treated with specific antiosteoporotic drugs were recruited from the out- @entity0 clinic database. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine and at the left hip. Disease activity measures included: duration of morning @entity6 , tender and swollen joint count, @entity0 's and physician's global assessment, presence of dactylitis and @entity7 , ESR, CRP and Disease Activity Score 28. Health Assessment Questionnaire was used to assess functional status. RESULTS: According to WHO definition, spinal @entity1 was found in 7.2% of @entity0 , @entity2 in 1.4% of @entity0 and @entity5 in 2.9% of @entity0 . There was no significant association of any of the measures of disease activity with @entity4 at any site. Higher HAQ scores were associated with lower total hip @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: In our sample of @entity0 with @entity8 we did not find increased prevalence of @entity1 . There was no association of @entity4 with indices of disease activity, while negative correlation was found between HAQ and total hip @entity4 .

title: XXXX in @entity8 : is there any?

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: Although considered as a feature of inflammatory @entity3 , there is a lot of controversy around low bone mass in @entity0 with @entity8 . The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze bone mineral density in @entity0 with @entity8 , as well as to investigate its possible association with some measures of disease activity and functional capacity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine @entity0 with established @entity8 (mean age 56.20    12.23 years) and who have not been treated with specific antiosteoporotic drugs were recruited from the out- @entity0 clinic database. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine and at the left hip. Disease activity measures included: duration of morning @entity6 , tender and swollen joint count, @entity0 's and physician's global assessment, presence of dactylitis and @entity7 , ESR, CRP and Disease Activity Score 28. Health Assessment Questionnaire was used to assess functional status. RESULTS: According to WHO definition, spinal @entity1 was found in 7.2% of @entity0 , @entity2 in 1.4% of @entity0 and @entity5 in 2.9% of @entity0 . There was no significant association of any of the measures of disease activity with @entity4 at any site. Higher HAQ scores were associated with lower total hip @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: In our sample of @entity0 with @entity8 we did not find increased prevalence of @entity1 . There was no association of @entity4 with indices of disease activity, while negative correlation was found between HAQ and total hip @entity4 .

title: @entity1 in XXXX : is there any?

answer: @entity8


abstract: AIM: Amongst @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is an important cause of @entity1 . The aim of the study was to examine @entity4 in Zagreb, to determine how it is treated, and to assess the extent to which new guidelines have been implemented in daily practice. During the last decades, great improvements have been made in the prevention and management of @entity4 . We wished to ascertain how these improvements have been implemented in our hospitals in the year 2003. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective study including @entity0 in the City of Zagreb that had been discharged from the hospital with the diagnosis of @entity4 . The community-based Registry of Acute @entity3 for the City of Zagreb for the year 2003 served as the source of data. Records on 1,733 @entity4 @entity0 were analyzed. In 1,349 hospitalized @entity0 , the following parameters were investigated: length of hospital stay; time from onset of symptoms to arrival in hospital; rate of angiography and reperfusion and medical therapy after discharge. RESULTS: Study results showed that 1,105 (64%) @entity0 were discharged from hospital, 244 (14%) died in hospital, and 384 (22%) died outside hospital. There were 1,136 (84%) @entity0 with AMI, 638 (56%) with ST segment elevation MI, 391 (34%) with non-ST segment elevation MI and 107 (10%) of @entity0 with possible MI and MI with undetermined ECG. @entity0 records revealed that 688 (51%) stayed in hospital between 8 and 14 days. The time from symptom onset to hospital arrival was less than 6 hours in 566 @entity0 , 349 (44%) @entity0 and 217 (39%) @entity0 ; 6 to 12 hours in 157 @entity0 , 79 (10%) @entity0 and 78 (14%) @entity0 ; and over 12 hours in 410 @entity0 , 238 (30%) @entity0 and 172 (31%) @entity0 . The time of symptom onset was unknown in 216 @entity0 , 127 (16%) @entity0 and 89 (16%) @entity0 . Angiography and reperfusion therapy were performed in 557 (41%) @entity0 , 373 (47%) @entity0 , and 184 (33%) @entity0 ; PCI/PCI + stent in 33% of @entity0 with ST or non-ST segment elevation, and 25% of @entity0 with ST segment elevation and 19% of @entity0 with non-ST segment elevation. Fibrinolytic therapy was performed in 86 @entity0 , 53 (7%) @entity0 and 30 (5%) @entity0 . Amongst @entity4 @entity0 (N=966), 85% took @entity2 , 70% beta-blockers, 69% @entity5 inhibitors and 63% statins. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Compared to other studies, non-ST segment elevation MI and @entity6 seemed to be less often diagnosed. @entity0 arrived in hospital rather late after symptom onset, and this was probably one of the reasons that reperfusion therapy could not be sufficiently applied. We also noted that physicians did not always follow the generally accepted guidelines to enable a better outcome by use of preventative measures and higher rate of effective therapy. There are important lessons to be learnt from this study for both @entity0 and physicians.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX in the City of Zagreb].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: DNA microarray technology has revealed vast numbers of gene expression alterations associated with @entity0 @entity1 . Assigning validity and biological significance to these changes, however, remains a considerable hurdle. Recently, microarray analysis has been applied to the study of @entity3 . OBJECTIVES: To compare experimental data rigorously in order to strengthen conclusions regarding the pathogenesis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and to evaluate systematically the experimental and statistical parameters that may impact the degree of consensus among differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between studies. METHODS: We performed a systematic comparison of 10 studies that applied DNA microarray technology to study @entity4 / @entity2 . RESULTS: A total of 1133 DEGs collectively reported across the studies were compared, and 64 DEG overlaps were found: 18 DEG overlaps in @entity2 vs. @entity2 study comparisons, 18 DEG overlaps in @entity4 vs. @entity4 study comparisons and 28 DEG overlaps in @entity4 vs. @entity2 study comparisons. We documented differences in several experimental methods that may account for the relative lack of consensus between studies, including sample type, tissue procurement/handling, microarray chip and statistical analysis. The two most dysregulated biological pathways across all studies involved genes with enzymatic and structural/adhesion functions. CONCLUSIONS: DEGs that were found to overlap across two or more studies and biological pathways with the largest representation of DEGs across studies may be particularly relevant to disease pathogenesis and serve as targets for future therapy. In future work, more consistent experimental methods across laboratories may improve the validity of reported DEGs and strengthen conclusions drawn from microarray data.

title: Systematic comparison of XXXX microarray datasets reveals lack of consensus genes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare two different techniques for vertical bone augmentation of the posterior mandible: bone blocs from the iliac crest vs. anorganic @entity1 bone blocs used as inlays. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten partially edentulous @entity0 having 5-7 mm of residual crestal height above the mandibular canal had their posterior mandibles randomly allocated to both interventions. After 4 months implants were inserted, and after 4 months, provisional prostheses were placed. Definitive prostheses were delivered after 4 months. Histomorphometry of samples trephined at implant placement, prosthesis and implant failures, any complication after loading and peri-implant marginal bone-level changes were assessed by masked assessors. All @entity0 were followed up to 1 year after loading. RESULTS: Four months after bone augmentation, there was statistically significant more residual graft (between 10% and 13%) in the Bio-Oss group. There were no statistically significant @entity3 . Two implants could not be placed in one @entity0 augmented with autogenous bone because the graft failed whereas one implant and its prosthesis of the Bio-Oss group failed after loading. After implant loading only one complication ( @entity2 ) occurred at one implant of the autogenous bone group. In 16 months (from implant placement to 1 year after loading), both groups lost statistically significant amounts of peri-implant marginal bone: 0.82 mm in the autogenous bone group and 0.59 mm in the Bio-Oss group; however, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both procedures achieved good results, but the use of @entity1 blocs was less invasive and may be preferable than harvesting bone from the iliac crest.

title: Vertical ridge augmentation of the atrophic posterior mandible with interpositional bloc grafts: bone from the iliac crest vs. XXXX anorganic bone. Clinical and histological results up to one year after loading from a randomized-controlled clinical trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A consecutive series of 378 @entity0 with 381 acute adult femoral shaft @entity1 in previously intact femora admitted during a 10-year period was reviewed for the incidence of local complications including malunion. The majority, 282 @entity1 (74%), were caused by motor vehicle accidents. The median age of the @entity0 was 28 years. The policy of management was internal fixation of the @entity1 on the day of admission. The method of treatment was intramedullary nailing (K  ntscher or interlocking nailing) in 279 and plate fixation in 102 @entity1 . A local complication occurred in 90 @entity0 (24%). Of these 90 cases 24 had malunion only while in the remaining 66 @entity0 there was mechanical failure of fixation in 27, @entity2 in 20 (5.3% of the total), delayed union or nonunion in 15, and refracture in four @entity0 . Concurrent injuries in the lower extremities were associated with a significantly increased frequency of delayed union, nonunion, and refracture. In 41 @entity0 (11%) a total of 58 reoperations had to be undertaken because of local complications. There was an over-representation of plated @entity1 among those @entity0 suffering a local complication classified as severe, 24 out of 37 (chi 2 = 30.3; p less than 0.001). Consequently, we now only exceptionally use plate fixation in the management of femoral shaft @entity1 .

title: Incidence of local complications after intramedullary nailing and after plate fixation of femoral shaft XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To determine the impact of self-monitoring blood @entity3 (SMBG) strip use in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 in the UK. METHODS: The study period was April 1, 2004 to July 31, 2005. Data from primary care was extracted from The Health Improvement Network database. @entity0 identified with @entity1 and matching the inclusion criteria were defined as new users of SMBG, prevalent users, or non-users. @entity0 were also defined as treated with insulin, with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), or not pharmacologically treated. Change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) at baseline and after 12 months was compared. RESULTS: 2559 @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. For new users, HbA(1c) fell by 0.59% (P=0.399) for those treated with insulin, 1.52% (P<0.001) for those treated with @entity4 , and 0.51% (P<0.001) for no treatment. In prevalent users, changes were 0.31% (P<0.001), 0.34% (P<0.001), and 0.09% (P=0.456), respectively. In non-users, changes were 0.28% (P=0.618), 0.42% (P<0.001), and an increase of 0.05% (P=0.043), respectively. A significant decrease in mean HbA(1c) was associated with increasing strip use in @entity4 @entity0 newly initiated on strips. CONCLUSION: This observational study showed a significant decrease in HbA(1c) for new users of SMBG treated either non-pharmacologically or with @entity4 , and for prevalent users treated with insulin or @entity4 . Reduced HbA(1c) with increasing strip use was observed but was only significant for @entity4 -treated new users. This suggests that SMBG use has a role in the treatment of non-insulin treated @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 .

title: A longitudinal study into the new and long-term use of self-monitoring blood XXXX strips in the UK.

answer: @entity3


abstract: To determine the incidence and effects of @entity1 on the upper urinary tracts in @entity2 @entity0 , we evaluated the last 254 @entity0 during a 3-year period who underwent a complete urodynamic study, along with an excretory urogram and/or renal ultrasound. Compliance was determined at 100 cc volume. A compliance number of 20 or less was considered low. Of the 254 @entity0 43 (17 per cent) had low compliant bladders by our definition. @entity3 was present in 56 of the 84 renal units (64 per cent) and reflux was present in 39 (46 per cent). These results are in sharp contrast to the normal compliant group in which 21 per cent of 418 renal units had @entity3 and only 6 per cent had reflux. Of the 254 @entity0 over-all 44 had lower motor neuron lesions as determined by no bulbocavernosus reflex as well as a denervated external sphincter; 22 of these 44 @entity0 (50 per cent) had low compliant bladders. Conversely, among the 210 @entity0 with suprasacral lesions only 21 (10 per cent) had low compliant bladders. In conclusion, the development of a @entity1 in @entity2 @entity0 is not an uncommon event and places the upper urinary tracts at great risk. All attempts must be directed toward maintaining low detrusor pressures, and these @entity0 must have adequate and frequent followup evaluation.

title: XXXX in the @entity2 population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To determine the incidence and effects of @entity1 on the upper urinary tracts in @entity2 @entity0 , we evaluated the last 254 @entity0 during a 3-year period who underwent a complete urodynamic study, along with an excretory urogram and/or renal ultrasound. Compliance was determined at 100 cc volume. A compliance number of 20 or less was considered low. Of the 254 @entity0 43 (17 per cent) had low compliant bladders by our definition. @entity3 was present in 56 of the 84 renal units (64 per cent) and reflux was present in 39 (46 per cent). These results are in sharp contrast to the normal compliant group in which 21 per cent of 418 renal units had @entity3 and only 6 per cent had reflux. Of the 254 @entity0 over-all 44 had lower motor neuron lesions as determined by no bulbocavernosus reflex as well as a denervated external sphincter; 22 of these 44 @entity0 (50 per cent) had low compliant bladders. Conversely, among the 210 @entity0 with suprasacral lesions only 21 (10 per cent) had low compliant bladders. In conclusion, the development of a @entity1 in @entity2 @entity0 is not an uncommon event and places the upper urinary tracts at great risk. All attempts must be directed toward maintaining low detrusor pressures, and these @entity0 must have adequate and frequent followup evaluation.

title: @entity1 in the XXXX population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the present report we described two cases of @entity2 under @entity5 anesthesia. Case 1; A 54-year-old, 58 kg-male was scheduled for the @entity4 . Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal, @entity7 and @entity10 , and maintained with @entity1 , @entity8 and @entity5 . The @entity0 was subjected to @entity5 inhalation for 26 hours prior to the development of the @entity2 . Although body temperature rose to 41 degrees C, it returned to normal with the administration of 280 mg of @entity3 and systemic cooling. Case 2; A 31-year-old, 68 kg-female was scheduled for tonsillectomy. Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal, @entity1 , @entity8 and @entity5 . After the administration of 70 mg of SCC, marked @entity6 occurred and endotracheal intubation was impossible. The operation was postponed. Two months after the first anesthesia, operation was successfully performed under NLA with @entity11 and @entity7 . @entity9 contracture test was performed in each case by skinned fiber method and the result showed that the sensitivity to @entity9 increased in the isolated skeletal muscle fiber bundles from these @entity0 . Thresholds of @entity9 contracture of these skinned fiber bundles were all lower than 5mM @entity9 .

title: [Malignant hyperthermia; two cases of MH in the presence of general anesthesia and performing XXXX contracture test].

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to examine the effects of oral exercise intended to improve the function of the oral cavity in the elderly and their quality of life to pave the way for the development of oral-health promotion programmes geared towards the elderly. METHODS: The subjects were 78 female Koreans who resided in Seoul and were aged 65 years and older. During a 3-month period, an oral function promotion programme was conducted twice a week, between 10.00 am and 12.00 pm, applying oral exercise suggested by a Japanese public health centre. A survey was conducted by interviewing the selected @entity0 to determine the state of their subjective @entity1 , quality of life related to oral health and jaw functional limitation. Their opening, unstimulated whole saliva and pronunciation speed were measured before and after the oral function exercise programme. RESULTS: The subjects showed a significant improvement in subjective @entity1 , relevant behaviour, the level of discomfort caused by @entity1 and subjective jaw functional limitation during mastication and swallowing and emotional expression after receiving the oral exercise. After the oral exercise, there was a significant increase in mouth opening, unstimulated whole saliva and speaking speed ('patakala' pronunciation) after oral exercise. There was also significant progress in their quality of life related to oral health. Overall improvement in subjective @entity1 and relevant behaviour over time after oral exercise had a positive correlation with the level of improvement in discomfort triggered by @entity1 and mastication. The level of improvement in OHIP-14 had a positive correlation with the level of overall improvement in @entity1 and behaviour, the level of improvement in discomfort by @entity1 and that in mastication and swallowing. CONCLUSION: This study showed the effects of the oral function promotion programme and correlation of oral condition and oral health-related quality of life. It is suggested that this oral function promotion programme has positive effects on both objective and subjective oral conditions. It is strongly recommended that this programme, along with other oral health promotion programmes, be implemented to improve oral function and oral health-related quality of life for the elderly.

title: Enhancing the quality of life in elderly XXXX through a programme to improve the condition of salivary hypofunction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have studied the spontaneous and nerve-evoked synaptic currents during the initial period of nerve-muscle contact in @entity2 cell cultures. The precise timing of the contact was achieved by physically manipulating embryonic muscle cells into contact with co-cultured spinal neurons. Previous studies have shown that physical contact of the muscle membrane induces pulsatile release of @entity1 ( @entity3 ) from the growth cone of these neurons, resulting in spontaneous synaptic currents (SSCs) in the muscle cell within seconds following the contact. In the present work, we first showed that these SSCs at the manipulated nerve-muscle contacts are similar to those observed at naturally occurring synapses. We then examined the possible cellular mechanisms responsible for the marked variation in SSC amplitude and showed that it most likely results from differences in either the amount of @entity3 contained in each release event or the extent of close membrane apposition near the release sites. During the first 20 min following the nerve-muscle contact, there was an increase in the frequency and mean amplitude of the SSCs. During a similar period, the evoked synaptic currents (ESCs), which were induced by suprathreshold electrical stimulation of the @entity0 , also showed an increase in the mean amplitude and a reduction in the delay of onset following the stimulus. These postcontact changes in the efficacy of synaptic transmission may be related to an increase in the total area of close membrane apposition between the nerve and muscle cells. This was suggested by the finding that neurite-muscle adhesion increases over a similar postcontact period. The transition from low- to high-efficacy transmission during the early phase of contact may reflect the process of selective adhesion between the cells, and thus signify the formation of specific synapse. Analysis of the fluctuation in the ESC amplitude at the early nerve-muscle contact suggests that evoked release of @entity3 occurs as multiples of a quantal unit. However, this unit is apparently related to only a small subpopulation of SSCs of relatively high amplitudes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Studies of nerve-muscle interactions in XXXX cell culture: analysis of early synaptic currents.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate occurrence rate, clinical data, and prognostic factors of @entity3 ( @entity7 ) after @entity2 . METHODS: From 1984 to 1994, 3,205 @entity0 were admitted to the Department of Neurology at our institution with first-time @entity2 . A total of 159 of these @entity0 had first-time @entity6 . Among these 159 @entity0 , cases of @entity7 were identified and evaluated. RESULTS: @entity7 was recognized in 31 @entity0 (19%). In 17 @entity0 , @entity7 was the first @entity5 symptom (initial @entity7 ), and in 4 @entity0 , @entity2 began with @entity7 ( @entity7 ). In the 14 remaining @entity0 , @entity7 occurred after one or more @entity6 (s). After a mean follow-up period of 47 months, @entity1 occurred after @entity7 in 15 @entity0 . This deterioration was permanent in two @entity0 . Fifteen @entity0 died; in five @entity0 , @entity4 was directly related to @entity7 . Eight of the 17 @entity0 with initial @entity7 and all 14 @entity0 with @entity7 after one or more @entity6 (s) developed other @entity6 or @entity7 . @entity7 , however, was not a predictive factor for additional @entity6 (s). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is common among @entity0 with @entity6 . Although the immediate prognosis of @entity0 with @entity3 is poor, @entity3 as the presenting sign did not necessarily predict subsequent @entity5 .

title: @entity3 in XXXX : report on a hospital-based @entity2 cohort.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate occurrence rate, clinical data, and prognostic factors of @entity3 ( @entity7 ) after @entity2 . METHODS: From 1984 to 1994, 3,205 @entity0 were admitted to the Department of Neurology at our institution with first-time @entity2 . A total of 159 of these @entity0 had first-time @entity6 . Among these 159 @entity0 , cases of @entity7 were identified and evaluated. RESULTS: @entity7 was recognized in 31 @entity0 (19%). In 17 @entity0 , @entity7 was the first @entity5 symptom (initial @entity7 ), and in 4 @entity0 , @entity2 began with @entity7 ( @entity7 ). In the 14 remaining @entity0 , @entity7 occurred after one or more @entity6 (s). After a mean follow-up period of 47 months, @entity1 occurred after @entity7 in 15 @entity0 . This deterioration was permanent in two @entity0 . Fifteen @entity0 died; in five @entity0 , @entity4 was directly related to @entity7 . Eight of the 17 @entity0 with initial @entity7 and all 14 @entity0 with @entity7 after one or more @entity6 (s) developed other @entity6 or @entity7 . @entity7 , however, was not a predictive factor for additional @entity6 (s). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is common among @entity0 with @entity6 . Although the immediate prognosis of @entity0 with @entity3 is poor, @entity3 as the presenting sign did not necessarily predict subsequent @entity5 .

title: @entity3 in @entity2 : report on a hospital-based XXXX cohort.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate occurrence rate, clinical data, and prognostic factors of @entity3 ( @entity7 ) after @entity2 . METHODS: From 1984 to 1994, 3,205 @entity0 were admitted to the Department of Neurology at our institution with first-time @entity2 . A total of 159 of these @entity0 had first-time @entity6 . Among these 159 @entity0 , cases of @entity7 were identified and evaluated. RESULTS: @entity7 was recognized in 31 @entity0 (19%). In 17 @entity0 , @entity7 was the first @entity5 symptom (initial @entity7 ), and in 4 @entity0 , @entity2 began with @entity7 ( @entity7 ). In the 14 remaining @entity0 , @entity7 occurred after one or more @entity6 (s). After a mean follow-up period of 47 months, @entity1 occurred after @entity7 in 15 @entity0 . This deterioration was permanent in two @entity0 . Fifteen @entity0 died; in five @entity0 , @entity4 was directly related to @entity7 . Eight of the 17 @entity0 with initial @entity7 and all 14 @entity0 with @entity7 after one or more @entity6 (s) developed other @entity6 or @entity7 . @entity7 , however, was not a predictive factor for additional @entity6 (s). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is common among @entity0 with @entity6 . Although the immediate prognosis of @entity0 with @entity3 is poor, @entity3 as the presenting sign did not necessarily predict subsequent @entity5 .

title: XXXX in @entity2 : report on a hospital-based @entity2 cohort.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The robber @entity0 Mallophora ruficauda is one of the principal pests of apiculture in the Pampas region of Argentina. As adults they prey on @entity3 and other insects, while as larvae they are solitary ectoparasitoids of third instar scarab beetle larvae. Females of M. ruficauda lay eggs away from the host in tall grasses. After being dispersed by the wind, larvae drop to the ground, where they dig in search of their hosts. It is known that second instar larvae of M. ruficauda exhibit active host searching behaviour towards its preferred host, third instar larva of Cyclocephala signaticollis. Although the means by which host location occurs has been studied and since superparasitism is a frequent scenario in the field, no information about host discrimination and host acceptance is available. We carried out studies in the field and behavioural experiments in the laboratory to determine if M. ruficauda is capable of quality host discrimination. We also studied if this parasitoid is capable of conspecific detection in order to avoid superparasitism. Finally, we analyzed the conditions under which superparasitism occurs in the field. We report here that the second instar larva of M. ruficauda is able to discriminate the @entity2 status of the host by means of chemical cues, but is not capable of detecting conspecifics prior to attacking a host. We also found that the host cannot detect the presence of the parasitoid by means of chemical cues, so that no counter-defense against @entity2 occurs. Furthermore, we determined that superparasitism occurs on the heavier hosts, i.e. those with more abundant resources which could harbor several parasitoid individuals. Finally, we discuss the possible implications of larval host location and host discrimination decisions on the @entity1 of this parasitoid.

title: Insights to host discrimination and host acceptance behaviour in a parasitoid (Diptera: Asilidae): implications for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of central dopaminergic stimulation with @entity7 on speech in @entity5 . BACKGROUND: Most @entity0 with @entity5 have a @entity8 . Of those, 89% have involvement of laryngeal function, and 45% have additional @entity3 . The effect of dopaminergic medications on these two dimensions of @entity1 in @entity5 has not been selectively studied. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity1 , Hoehn and Yahr stages 2 to 4 "off," and without severe @entity4 were given placebo or @entity7 injections 0.05 mg/kg subcutaneously during two consecutive outpatient visits. They were pretreated with @entity6 for 48 hours and were tested off their parkinsonian medications for 12 hours. Laryngeal function was assessed by maximum sustained vowel phonations and comfortable vowel phonations. Articulatory function was evaluated by speech intelligibility score, speaking rate, and efficiency ratio. RESULTS: Ten @entity0 , mean age 73.4 years (SD = 6.6), disease duration 8.7 years (SD = 6.3), were tested. The baseline motor score on the Unified @entity2 Rating Scale (UPDRSm) and all experimental speech variables were equivalent on both placebo and @entity7 days. At a dose of @entity7 that provoked improvement in UPDRSm (p = 0.0078), no index of either laryngeal or articulatory function improved significantly after @entity7 administration. CONCLUSION: Laryngeal and articulatory speech components are not under prominent dopaminergic control in @entity5 . Treatment regimens should focus on nondopaminergic pharmacology and other therapies.

title: Effects of central dopaminergic stimulation by XXXX on speech in @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of central dopaminergic stimulation with @entity7 on speech in @entity5 . BACKGROUND: Most @entity0 with @entity5 have a @entity8 . Of those, 89% have involvement of laryngeal function, and 45% have additional @entity3 . The effect of dopaminergic medications on these two dimensions of @entity1 in @entity5 has not been selectively studied. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity1 , Hoehn and Yahr stages 2 to 4 "off," and without severe @entity4 were given placebo or @entity7 injections 0.05 mg/kg subcutaneously during two consecutive outpatient visits. They were pretreated with @entity6 for 48 hours and were tested off their parkinsonian medications for 12 hours. Laryngeal function was assessed by maximum sustained vowel phonations and comfortable vowel phonations. Articulatory function was evaluated by speech intelligibility score, speaking rate, and efficiency ratio. RESULTS: Ten @entity0 , mean age 73.4 years (SD = 6.6), disease duration 8.7 years (SD = 6.3), were tested. The baseline motor score on the Unified @entity2 Rating Scale (UPDRSm) and all experimental speech variables were equivalent on both placebo and @entity7 days. At a dose of @entity7 that provoked improvement in UPDRSm (p = 0.0078), no index of either laryngeal or articulatory function improved significantly after @entity7 administration. CONCLUSION: Laryngeal and articulatory speech components are not under prominent dopaminergic control in @entity5 . Treatment regimens should focus on nondopaminergic pharmacology and other therapies.

title: Effects of central dopaminergic stimulation by @entity7 on speech in XXXX .

answer: @entity2