abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Occult primary @entity0 is uncommon. Most reported series encompass a large periods of time with great variability in diagnostic and treatment approaches. The objective of the present study was to review the recent experience with this type of presentation of @entity0 in the University of Alabama at Birmingham. METHODS: Retrospective review of clinicopathological data of female @entity1 presenting with axillary @entity2 of @entity4 with unknown primary and normal clinical and mammographic breast exam seen at UAB between 1985 and 1998. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 were identified. Mean age was 56 years. Sixty per cent were white and postmenopausal. All @entity1 had biopsy proven @entity4 consistent with breast primary. All but one @entity1 underwent an axillary dissection. Nine out of ten @entity1 received some type of local treatment to the breast. Three of them underwent mastectomy and no invasive @entity3 was demonstrated in the surgical specimens. Six @entity1 received radiation therapy to the breast. All @entity1 received chemotherapy. With mean follow-up time of 48 months, two @entity1 developed local recurrence to the axilla and four developed distant @entity2 and eventually died. At last follow-up six @entity1 are alive with no evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: In presence of axillary @entity2 from an unknown breast primary, an extensive work-up evaluation is not necessary. An axillary dissection is recommended to provide prognostic indicators as well as local control. A breast conservation approach seems to be feasible without affect the local control and survival.

title: Occult XXXX presenting with axillary lymph node @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Occult primary @entity0 is uncommon. Most reported series encompass a large periods of time with great variability in diagnostic and treatment approaches. The objective of the present study was to review the recent experience with this type of presentation of @entity0 in the University of Alabama at Birmingham. METHODS: Retrospective review of clinicopathological data of female @entity1 presenting with axillary @entity2 of @entity4 with unknown primary and normal clinical and mammographic breast exam seen at UAB between 1985 and 1998. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 were identified. Mean age was 56 years. Sixty per cent were white and postmenopausal. All @entity1 had biopsy proven @entity4 consistent with breast primary. All but one @entity1 underwent an axillary dissection. Nine out of ten @entity1 received some type of local treatment to the breast. Three of them underwent mastectomy and no invasive @entity3 was demonstrated in the surgical specimens. Six @entity1 received radiation therapy to the breast. All @entity1 received chemotherapy. With mean follow-up time of 48 months, two @entity1 developed local recurrence to the axilla and four developed distant @entity2 and eventually died. At last follow-up six @entity1 are alive with no evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: In presence of axillary @entity2 from an unknown breast primary, an extensive work-up evaluation is not necessary. An axillary dissection is recommended to provide prognostic indicators as well as local control. A breast conservation approach seems to be feasible without affect the local control and survival.

title: Occult @entity0 presenting with axillary lymph node XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The present paper aims to analyze therapeutic trends in @entity2 and their relationships to selected pharmacoeconomic parameters. Health and Disease out- @entity0 records from three out- @entity0 allergologic-immunologic surgeries in the towns of Trenc  n, Nov   Z  mky, and Bratislava were surveyed. The analysis is based on the recorded prescription of drugs prescribed to the @entity0 in the period of his or her "most recent season" in the years 1999-2000. Altogether 279 records (164 females, 115 males) were evaluated. The highest percentage of pollinotics was dispensed in Bratislava (73%) followed by Nov   Z  mky (55%) and Trenc  n (31%). In all three out- @entity0 surgeries, the dominant therapy was a combination of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 , 70-75%). Average costs for one day of treatment of @entity2 in the out- @entity0 surgeries under study did not significantly differ (22.20-24.50 Sk, the average value of the daily defined dose being 23.20 Sk). Due to confused kept records, the economic analysis did not take into account the financial costs connected with @entity3 . The present analysis shows a positive state in the field of diagnostics, connected with improved identification of the inducing allergen and application of causal therapy based on @entity3 (72%). Approximately one third of @entity0 (27%) received only solo medicamentous therapy without application of @entity3 , and the @entity3 therapy alone was received by less than 2% of @entity0 (1.4%).

title: [Treatment of XXXX in clinical practice and its pharmacoeconomic aspects].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 are rare malignant @entity1 of endothelial origin that occur predominantly in the adult population. To date, only 12 cases have been described after renal transplantation. We review the literature and present an additional case of a 59-year-old @entity0 in whom lower-extremity lesions of cutaneous @entity3 developed several years after transplantation. Of the 13 @entity0 , clinical details were available in only 12 cases. There were 10 male and 2 female @entity0 . The mean age at diagnosis was 47.6 years (age range, 28-71 years). Almost all @entity0 were on a combination immunosuppressive regimen, and the interval between transplantation and the development of the @entity1 was variable in the range of 8 months to 12 years. In five @entity0 , the @entity1 arose within or adjacent to an arteriovenous fistula site. Cutaneous involvement was observed in only four cases. The histologic spectrum consisted of both well-differentiated and poorly differentiated @entity1 . In one @entity0 , features of the @entity4 were clinically present and the @entity1 morphologically displayed prominent erythrophagocytosis. In two of the cases, including the @entity0 described in the current report, polymerase chain reaction was performed on lesional tissue for @entity5 and the result was negative for the presence of viral DNA. Despite the use of multimodal aggressive therapy in most @entity0 , @entity2 as a result of disease dissemination occurred over variable time periods (range, 1-15 months).

title: XXXX in a chronically immunosuppressed renal transplant recipient: report of a case and review of the literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 are frequent causes of hospitalization in elderly @entity0 . Independently, both clinical syndromes are associated with increased mortality. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of @entity2 on in-hospital mortality in old @entity0 with @entity5 . A modified Mini-Mental State Exam (MMMSE) was performed in 598 consecutive @entity0 (65-102 years old; 355 female) with @entity5 . All @entity0 were stratified into low (6.3 +/- 1.2 points), medium (19.7 +/- 4.7 points) or high (29.1 +/- 2.1 points) tertile group according to MMMSE results. Total in-hospital mortality was 52.0% in the lowest, 34.2% in the medium and 15.1% in the highest tertile (Pearson Chi-square p < 0.0001 for trend). The comparison of in-hospital mortality between tertiles of MMMSE was done with the use of logistic regression adjusted to age, sex, and the presence of @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity4 . Comparison of in-hospital mortality between @entity0 from the lowest tertile of MMSE with the highest one revealed that odds ratio was 5.93 (95% CI: 3.58-9.80; p < 0.0001) whereas it was 2.67 (95% CI: 1.60-4.67; p = 0.0002) for @entity0 from the medium tertile. The obtained results show that the worse cognitive function is, the worse in-hospital prognosis can be observed in older @entity0 with @entity5 . Moreover, it also suggests that @entity2 may be an independent risk factor for mortality in elderly @entity5 @entity0 .

title: [Impaired cognitive function as an independent risk factor for the in-hospital mortality in the elderly with XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 is described as distinct area of the left ventricular wall with systolic @entity6 where typical @entity2 is replaced with fibrous tissue. Transmural @entity9 following occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery is the most common cause of formation of the @entity7 . CASE REPORT: A 51-year old white male, with the history of inferolateral wall @entity4 6 years ago was admitted to the emergency department at the local hospital last year because of @entity8 due to @entity11 in the course of @entity4 . Later on the @entity0 did not come back to work, felt very weak and had @entity10 on mild exertion. Coronary angiogram performed one year later (the @entity0 refused coronary angiography examination at the time of @entity4 ) showed normal coronary arteries with a recessive right coronary artery. The left coronary artery was wide with normal contrast flow. Ventriculography showed large, true @entity3 with @entity5 in the apical segment of the left ventricular wall. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 30%. @entity0 was qualified for the aneurysmectomy. A large @entity3 (8 cm) of the apical and anterolateral segment of the left ventricular wall was detected intraoperatively. A fresh @entity5 weighing 9 g was evacuated from the inside of the @entity3 . Stoney's aneurysmectomy was performed. Histopathology showed a typical picture of scar tissue without signs of active @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Normal coronary angiogram does not exclude development of large true @entity3 of left ventricular wall of typical localization for acute occlusion of left anterior descendent artery.

title: XXXX without coronary artery occlusion--a case study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Little is known about how psychotropic drugs influence thyroid function in @entity0 , but it has been reported that @entity5 decreases the efficacy of @entity3 in @entity0 treated for @entity2 . Most psychotropic drugs are metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450. @entity5 is metabolized by cytochrome P450 @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity6 . @entity7 is metabolized by @entity8 , and to some extent also by @entity9 . Since both substances, at least in part, are metabolized by the same liver enzymes, drug interactions can be expected. In this article we describe such a possible interaction between @entity5 and @entity7 in a @entity0 treated with @entity3 for @entity2 ( @entity4 ). She displayed both clinical symptoms and laboratory data typical of @entity2 when long-term antidepressive @entity5 therapy (100 mg/day) was transiently supplemented with @entity7 (30 mg/day). All symptoms and signs of @entity2 disappeared completely when the @entity7 treatment was discontinued. These findings imply that unexpected drug effects may occur in @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 if they are treated with both @entity5 and @entity7 . In such situations thyroid function should be checked carefully.

title: [Metabolic interaction between psychopharmaceuticals. Probable cause of exacerbation of XXXX according to a case report].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although pulmonary recurrence is frequent among the extrahepatic recurrences after hepatectomy, the efficacy of surgical treatment for pulmonary recurrence after hepatectomy has not been confirmed. Surgical resection of pulmonary recurrence after hepatectomy for colorectal @entity1 was reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the survival benefit. METHODOLOGY: From 1990 to 1995, 10 of the 17 @entity0 with pulmonary recurrence after hepatectomy for colorectal @entity1 underwent surgical treatment. Ten @entity0 underwent resection of pulmonary recurrence. RESULTS: Operative mortality was 0%, and a postoperative complication was observed in 1 @entity0 after pulmonary metastasectomy. The overall 5-year survival rate after pulmonary metastasectomy was 10.0%, and the median survival was 21.7 (range: 2.4-77.9) months. One @entity0 underwent resection two times for remnant lung recurrence after first lung metastasectomy, and is alive with no evidence of recurrence 77.9 months after the first pulmonary resection, and 50.7 months after the third pulmonary resection. In 3 @entity0 with well-differentiated @entity3 , the median survival time was 6.2 months (range: 2.4-9.7). The other hands, 7 @entity0 with moderately differentiated @entity3 have a longer median survival time of 29.2 months (range: 16.0-77.9). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary metastasectomy after hepatectomy for @entity1 from @entity2 is a safe treatment, and might offer prolonged survival for highly selected @entity0 .

title: Surgical treatment of pulmonary recurrence after hepatectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2 is a rare @entity1 with intra-abdominal gelatinous, jelly-like fluid accumulation. To assess the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and predictors of survival of @entity2 in Chinese @entity0 , we conducted this study. METHODOLOGY: Over a 27-year period, 15 @entity0 with the diagnosis of @entity2 were enrolled. Their demographic, clinical, treatment and survival data were collected. RESULTS: Seven @entity0 were female and eight were male. The median age at diagnosis was 48 years old for 7 females and 66 years old for 8 males. Exploratory laparotomy and debulking surgery were performed for 11 @entity0 (73%); 6 of these 11 @entity0 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Among 4 @entity0 without surgical treatment, 1 received chemotherapy and 3 had supportive treatment only. The 5-year survival for all @entity0 and @entity0 with surgical treatment were 39% and 62%, respectively. @entity0 with surgical intervention had longer survival (median, 125 months) than those without surgical treatment (median, 8 months) (P = 0.0106). However, adjuvant chemotherapy did not further prolong the survival time (P = 0.744). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical intervention rather than adjuvant chemotherapy appears to provide a longer survival for @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Clinical experience of XXXX in Taiwan with emphasis on the treatment and survival.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 , social intelligence, and self-concept were related to each other and to bully-victim problems among fifth-grade @entity0 (79 @entity0 and 62 @entity0 , aged 11-12 years). In addition to exploring connections between single variables, a @entity0 -oriented approach was applied in order to analyze @entity0 's value patterns with respect to learning skills, self-concept, and social intelligence, and how these value patterns are related to bully-victim problems. Social intelligence was found to be positively correlated with learning skills, but negatively related to victimization. Bullying was positively correlated with self-concept scores. However, this was true only of @entity0 . According to cross-tabulations, there were significantly more bullies among @entity0 with learning difficulties (LD) than would have been expected by chance. Victimization, on the other hand, was not related to LD. LD @entity0 's proposed victim status was in some degree supported by cluster analysis: a group of LD @entity0 emerged, who not only scored high on bullying, but also tended to be victimized by others. In addition, two groups of bullies appeared: one whose members could be interpreted as socially unskilled and another as socially skilled. This finding is in line with recent theoretical reasoning, which calls into question the idea of bullies as a unified group, lacking in social skills.

title: XXXX , social intelligence, and self-concept: connections to bully-victim problems.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is a known adverse reaction occurring in some @entity0 receiving heparin. Two different types of heparin-induced @entity1 have been described. Heparin-induced @entity5 is a mild @entity1 after 1 to 4 days of heparin therapy, attributed to a direct interaction between heparin and circulating platelets. No specific treatment is necessary. Heparin-induced @entity1 is a severe @entity1 mediated by an immunologic mechanism. @entity4 generally develops after 5 to 10 days of heparin therapy and can be associated with potentially devastating @entity2 . The incidence of heparin-induced @entity1 is below 3%. @entity2 events are always accompanied by a decrease in the platelet count, however, complications in the absence of absolute @entity1 have been reported. Diagnosis of HIT type II is based on clinical features and laboratory studies for the heparin-dependent platelet antibody. Immediate cessation of heparin administration is essential. Several alternative anticoagulant therapies have been studied and have shown promising results when used for this purpose. Two @entity0 undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery are presented in whom @entity3 developed due to heparin-induced @entity1 . In both cases, platelet counts were within the subnormal range at the time of the first @entity2 . The clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic implications are discussed.

title: Lethal heparin-associated XXXX --case reports.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The present investigation is a study of occult gastrointestinal @entity3 in 20 anaemic postgastrectomy @entity0 and 14 control subjects. One @entity0 in the postgastrectomy group was found to be bleeding from undetected haemorrhoids. One @entity0 in each group showed sensitivity to @entity2 with greatly increased occult @entity3 . The mean @entity3 in 18 postgastrectomy @entity0 with unexplained @entity6 was 0.6 +/- 0.5 ml/day compared with 0.5 +/- 0.5 ml/day in 13 control subjects. Only two of the 19 anaemic postgastrectomy @entity0 studied lost more than 2 ml blood/day. @entity2 @entity3 in 18 postgastrectomy @entity0 was 2.4 +/- 2.1 ml/day, compared with 2.6 +/- 2.7 ml/day in 13 controls. The pattern of @entity2 @entity3 is identical in both groups. All gastric biopsies obtained from nine @entity0 with Polya gastrectomies showed changes of @entity9 ; some showed @entity4 and @entity8 . Occult @entity5 is not an important factor in the pathogenesis of @entity6 after partial gastrectomy unless there is either stomal ulceration or a lesion completely unrelated to the partial gastrectomy. If @entity7 is present after partial gastrectomy a careful search for the site of bleeding is indicated. Excessive intake of @entity2 or increased sensitivity to @entity2 was not shown to be a significant factor in the pathogenesis of the @entity6 in this group of @entity0 . However, because of the inability to augment @entity1 absorption to compensate for @entity3 , it would be inadvisable for the @entity0 with a partial gastrectomy to take a high dosage of @entity2 for long periods of time, unless @entity2 -induced @entity3 is measured and shown to be very low. @entity2 administered in low dosage is not contraindicated after partial gastrectomy.

title: Role of occult @entity3 in XXXX after partial gastrectomy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The present investigation is a study of occult gastrointestinal @entity3 in 20 anaemic postgastrectomy @entity0 and 14 control subjects. One @entity0 in the postgastrectomy group was found to be bleeding from undetected haemorrhoids. One @entity0 in each group showed sensitivity to @entity2 with greatly increased occult @entity3 . The mean @entity3 in 18 postgastrectomy @entity0 with unexplained @entity6 was 0.6 +/- 0.5 ml/day compared with 0.5 +/- 0.5 ml/day in 13 control subjects. Only two of the 19 anaemic postgastrectomy @entity0 studied lost more than 2 ml blood/day. @entity2 @entity3 in 18 postgastrectomy @entity0 was 2.4 +/- 2.1 ml/day, compared with 2.6 +/- 2.7 ml/day in 13 controls. The pattern of @entity2 @entity3 is identical in both groups. All gastric biopsies obtained from nine @entity0 with Polya gastrectomies showed changes of @entity9 ; some showed @entity4 and @entity8 . Occult @entity5 is not an important factor in the pathogenesis of @entity6 after partial gastrectomy unless there is either stomal ulceration or a lesion completely unrelated to the partial gastrectomy. If @entity7 is present after partial gastrectomy a careful search for the site of bleeding is indicated. Excessive intake of @entity2 or increased sensitivity to @entity2 was not shown to be a significant factor in the pathogenesis of the @entity6 in this group of @entity0 . However, because of the inability to augment @entity1 absorption to compensate for @entity3 , it would be inadvisable for the @entity0 with a partial gastrectomy to take a high dosage of @entity2 for long periods of time, unless @entity2 -induced @entity3 is measured and shown to be very low. @entity2 administered in low dosage is not contraindicated after partial gastrectomy.

title: Role of occult XXXX in @entity6 after partial gastrectomy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 21 elbows in 18 @entity0 with @entity2 were treated with a Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis. 18 elbows were included in a radiostereometry (RSA) study. The aim of this clinical RSA study was to assess the three-dimensional micromotion pattern of the Souter-Strathclyde prosthesis, and thereby gain insight in the @entity3 process of this prosthesis. Implants were defined as at risk of @entity3 when the translation rate during the second postoperative year was more than 0.4 mm along one or more coordinate axes and/or the rate of rotation was more than 1 degrees about one or more coordinate axes. Clinical examination revealed an increase in the range of motion and a marked @entity1 . The RSA showed that 8 of 18 humeral components were at risk of @entity3 , although no signs of such loosening-defined as a complete radiolucent line of 2 mm or more-were found on the plain radiographs. In 7 humeral components, an anterior tilt about the transverse @entity4 was seen that resulted in an anterior translation of the proximal tip and a posterior translation of the component's trochlea. Long-term studies of the Souter-Strathclyde prosthesis, have shown that this rotation is a specific pattern of failure in some implants. None of the ulnar components was at risk for @entity3 . Improvements in fixation of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow arthroplasty should focus on the humeral component. At present, the lateral flange of the implant is enlarged to improve rotational stability about the transverse and longitudinal axes. The effect of this change in design on micromotion of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis will be studied in a randomized RSA study comparing the new design to the existing one.

title: Micromotion of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis in @entity0 with XXXX 21 elbows followed for 2 years.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 21 elbows in 18 @entity0 with @entity2 were treated with a Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis. 18 elbows were included in a radiostereometry (RSA) study. The aim of this clinical RSA study was to assess the three-dimensional micromotion pattern of the Souter-Strathclyde prosthesis, and thereby gain insight in the @entity3 process of this prosthesis. Implants were defined as at risk of @entity3 when the translation rate during the second postoperative year was more than 0.4 mm along one or more coordinate axes and/or the rate of rotation was more than 1 degrees about one or more coordinate axes. Clinical examination revealed an increase in the range of motion and a marked @entity1 . The RSA showed that 8 of 18 humeral components were at risk of @entity3 , although no signs of such loosening-defined as a complete radiolucent line of 2 mm or more-were found on the plain radiographs. In 7 humeral components, an anterior tilt about the transverse @entity4 was seen that resulted in an anterior translation of the proximal tip and a posterior translation of the component's trochlea. Long-term studies of the Souter-Strathclyde prosthesis, have shown that this rotation is a specific pattern of failure in some implants. None of the ulnar components was at risk for @entity3 . Improvements in fixation of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow arthroplasty should focus on the humeral component. At present, the lateral flange of the implant is enlarged to improve rotational stability about the transverse and longitudinal axes. The effect of this change in design on micromotion of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis will be studied in a randomized RSA study comparing the new design to the existing one.

title: Micromotion of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis in XXXX with @entity2 21 elbows followed for 2 years.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity11 , a third-generation @entity12 analogue, is a novel compound with proven anti- @entity1 activity in @entity2 . Moreover, @entity11 appears to be relatively well tolerated and easy to handle, even on an outpatient basis. @entity0 AND METHODS: Five advanced @entity2 @entity0 treated with @entity11 -based chemotherapy developed, after the end of @entity11 infusion, similar idiosyncratic reactions characterized by chills, high fever, @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity6 and often @entity4 . Venous blood for @entity10 and @entity5 assessment was drawn just after the beginning of the reaction and 15 and 30 minutes later. After drawing the third venous sample, intravenous @entity9 (8 mg) was administered and the drawing of other two venous samples was performed (180 and 360 minutes after the beginning of the reaction). RESULTS: @entity5 and @entity10 serum concentrations significantly decreased after @entity3 therapy administration. The decrease of @entity5 and @entity10 levels went along with the clinical complete regression of symptoms and signs in all the 5 @entity0 . No statistically significant correlation was found between other laboratory parameters and basal cytokine levels or cytokine decrease after @entity3 therapy. DISCUSSION: Our results clearly show that that idiosyncratic reaction observed in @entity2 @entity0 after @entity11 infusion may be due to a massive release of cytokines such as @entity5 and @entity10 . Symptom regression following @entity3 therapy administration went along with significant decrease of cytokines levels, confirming that @entity5 and @entity10 play a role in the pathogenesis of this reaction.

title: XXXX may induce cytokine-release syndrome in @entity2 @entity0 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity11 , a third-generation @entity12 analogue, is a novel compound with proven anti- @entity1 activity in @entity2 . Moreover, @entity11 appears to be relatively well tolerated and easy to handle, even on an outpatient basis. @entity0 AND METHODS: Five advanced @entity2 @entity0 treated with @entity11 -based chemotherapy developed, after the end of @entity11 infusion, similar idiosyncratic reactions characterized by chills, high fever, @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity6 and often @entity4 . Venous blood for @entity10 and @entity5 assessment was drawn just after the beginning of the reaction and 15 and 30 minutes later. After drawing the third venous sample, intravenous @entity9 (8 mg) was administered and the drawing of other two venous samples was performed (180 and 360 minutes after the beginning of the reaction). RESULTS: @entity5 and @entity10 serum concentrations significantly decreased after @entity3 therapy administration. The decrease of @entity5 and @entity10 levels went along with the clinical complete regression of symptoms and signs in all the 5 @entity0 . No statistically significant correlation was found between other laboratory parameters and basal cytokine levels or cytokine decrease after @entity3 therapy. DISCUSSION: Our results clearly show that that idiosyncratic reaction observed in @entity2 @entity0 after @entity11 infusion may be due to a massive release of cytokines such as @entity5 and @entity10 . Symptom regression following @entity3 therapy administration went along with significant decrease of cytokines levels, confirming that @entity5 and @entity10 play a role in the pathogenesis of this reaction.

title: @entity11 may induce cytokine-release syndrome in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity11 , a third-generation @entity12 analogue, is a novel compound with proven anti- @entity1 activity in @entity2 . Moreover, @entity11 appears to be relatively well tolerated and easy to handle, even on an outpatient basis. @entity0 AND METHODS: Five advanced @entity2 @entity0 treated with @entity11 -based chemotherapy developed, after the end of @entity11 infusion, similar idiosyncratic reactions characterized by chills, high fever, @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity6 and often @entity4 . Venous blood for @entity10 and @entity5 assessment was drawn just after the beginning of the reaction and 15 and 30 minutes later. After drawing the third venous sample, intravenous @entity9 (8 mg) was administered and the drawing of other two venous samples was performed (180 and 360 minutes after the beginning of the reaction). RESULTS: @entity5 and @entity10 serum concentrations significantly decreased after @entity3 therapy administration. The decrease of @entity5 and @entity10 levels went along with the clinical complete regression of symptoms and signs in all the 5 @entity0 . No statistically significant correlation was found between other laboratory parameters and basal cytokine levels or cytokine decrease after @entity3 therapy. DISCUSSION: Our results clearly show that that idiosyncratic reaction observed in @entity2 @entity0 after @entity11 infusion may be due to a massive release of cytokines such as @entity5 and @entity10 . Symptom regression following @entity3 therapy administration went along with significant decrease of cytokines levels, confirming that @entity5 and @entity10 play a role in the pathogenesis of this reaction.

title: @entity11 may induce cytokine-release syndrome in @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Parallel changes associated with aging found in the vasculature and skin at necropsy, have prompted small preliminary studies to assess the relation between skin tissue @entity3 (SkinTc) and @entity1 . While these studies have been suggestive, no formal investigation is available to test this association. It would, therefore, be valuable to determine whether a relation between SkinTc and angiographic narrowing actually exists, the latter representing one accepted measurement of @entity4 . METHODS: @entity0 at three hospitals undergoing coronary angiography and not on lipid altering agents (n = 649) were examined for skinTc using a non-invasive method. Vessels were evaluated manually (number with @entity5 > or = 50%). Clinical characteristics, current medication use, and Framingham global risk score were recorded. RESULTS: SkinTc was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity2 (124 +/- 30 vs. 118 +/- 30, P = 0.02). After adjustment for traditional @entity4 risk factors, SkinTc provided 7% additional risk (per 10 SkinTc units) for @entity2 . CONCLUSION: SkinTc, measured with a non-invasive method, is associated with the presence of @entity4 as determined by catheterization. Such an assay may eventually help stratify @entity0 risk and target prevention efforts.

title: Skin tissue @entity3 (SkinTc) is related to angiographically-defined XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Parallel changes associated with aging found in the vasculature and skin at necropsy, have prompted small preliminary studies to assess the relation between skin tissue @entity3 (SkinTc) and @entity1 . While these studies have been suggestive, no formal investigation is available to test this association. It would, therefore, be valuable to determine whether a relation between SkinTc and angiographic narrowing actually exists, the latter representing one accepted measurement of @entity4 . METHODS: @entity0 at three hospitals undergoing coronary angiography and not on lipid altering agents (n = 649) were examined for skinTc using a non-invasive method. Vessels were evaluated manually (number with @entity5 > or = 50%). Clinical characteristics, current medication use, and Framingham global risk score were recorded. RESULTS: SkinTc was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity2 (124 +/- 30 vs. 118 +/- 30, P = 0.02). After adjustment for traditional @entity4 risk factors, SkinTc provided 7% additional risk (per 10 SkinTc units) for @entity2 . CONCLUSION: SkinTc, measured with a non-invasive method, is associated with the presence of @entity4 as determined by catheterization. Such an assay may eventually help stratify @entity0 risk and target prevention efforts.

title: Skin tissue XXXX (SkinTc) is related to angiographically-defined @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: In models of @entity1 and of @entity2 , pharmacological blockade of the ET(A) receptor has been shown to cause some inconsistent lowering of blood pressure (BP) and lesser @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The effects of ET(A) receptor blockade (ET(A)-RB) on vascular remodeling and their potential relation to BP lowering, have not been clarified. DESIGN: The experimental study in male @entity0 was designed to compare four experimental groups: (1) sham-operated controls (sham); (2) untreated @entity0 with one-clip-two-kidney (1C-2K) renovascular @entity1 ; (3) 1C-2K @entity0 treated with the @entity4 inhibitor ( @entity4 -i) trandolapril (0.3 mg/kg b.w./day), and (4) 1C-2K @entity0 treated with the ET(A)-RB @entity6 (50 mg/kg b.w./day). BP was measured weekly by tail plethysmography. After 3 weeks, animals were sacrificed and cardiac, aortic and mesenteric artery morphology was evaluated using morphometric and stereological techniques. RESULTS: Systolic BP was significantly higher in 1C-2K @entity0 compared to sham. BP was not significantly affected by ET(A)-RB, but was significantly lowered by the @entity4 -i. Despite no significant change in BP, ET(A)-RB treatment led to a significantly less volume density of the cardiac interstitium (sham 1.40 +/- 0.18, 1C-2K 2.66 +/- 0.56, 1C-2K + @entity4 -i 1.88 +/- 0.38, 1C-2K + ET(A)-RB 2.15 +/- 0.37%). In contrast, ET(A)-RB had no significant effect on left ventricular/body weight ratio (sham 2.85 +/- 0.26, 1C-2K 2.96 +/- 0.33, 1C-2K + @entity4 -i 2.54 +/- 0.22 and 1C-2K + ET(A)-RB 3.15 +/- 0.44 mg/g) or on wall thickness of intramyocardial arteries. CONCLUSIONS: The ET(A)-RB @entity6 ameliorated the development of @entity3 in a short-term hyperreninemic normal salt model of experimental @entity1 nearly as effectively as an @entity4 -i. This effect of @entity6 is independent of systemic BP. In contrast to findings in other models, ET(A) receptor blockade had no significant effect on @entity5 . Only the @entity4 -i but not the ET(A)-RB prevented structural changes of small intramyocardial arteries and of the aorta.

title: Effect of endothelin blockade on early cardiovascular remodeling in the one-clip-two-kidney XXXX of the @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In models of @entity1 and of @entity2 , pharmacological blockade of the ET(A) receptor has been shown to cause some inconsistent lowering of blood pressure (BP) and lesser @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The effects of ET(A) receptor blockade (ET(A)-RB) on vascular remodeling and their potential relation to BP lowering, have not been clarified. DESIGN: The experimental study in male @entity0 was designed to compare four experimental groups: (1) sham-operated controls (sham); (2) untreated @entity0 with one-clip-two-kidney (1C-2K) renovascular @entity1 ; (3) 1C-2K @entity0 treated with the @entity4 inhibitor ( @entity4 -i) trandolapril (0.3 mg/kg b.w./day), and (4) 1C-2K @entity0 treated with the ET(A)-RB @entity6 (50 mg/kg b.w./day). BP was measured weekly by tail plethysmography. After 3 weeks, animals were sacrificed and cardiac, aortic and mesenteric artery morphology was evaluated using morphometric and stereological techniques. RESULTS: Systolic BP was significantly higher in 1C-2K @entity0 compared to sham. BP was not significantly affected by ET(A)-RB, but was significantly lowered by the @entity4 -i. Despite no significant change in BP, ET(A)-RB treatment led to a significantly less volume density of the cardiac interstitium (sham 1.40 +/- 0.18, 1C-2K 2.66 +/- 0.56, 1C-2K + @entity4 -i 1.88 +/- 0.38, 1C-2K + ET(A)-RB 2.15 +/- 0.37%). In contrast, ET(A)-RB had no significant effect on left ventricular/body weight ratio (sham 2.85 +/- 0.26, 1C-2K 2.96 +/- 0.33, 1C-2K + @entity4 -i 2.54 +/- 0.22 and 1C-2K + ET(A)-RB 3.15 +/- 0.44 mg/g) or on wall thickness of intramyocardial arteries. CONCLUSIONS: The ET(A)-RB @entity6 ameliorated the development of @entity3 in a short-term hyperreninemic normal salt model of experimental @entity1 nearly as effectively as an @entity4 -i. This effect of @entity6 is independent of systemic BP. In contrast to findings in other models, ET(A) receptor blockade had no significant effect on @entity5 . Only the @entity4 -i but not the ET(A)-RB prevented structural changes of small intramyocardial arteries and of the aorta.

title: Effect of endothelin blockade on early cardiovascular remodeling in the one-clip-two-kidney @entity1 of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Although hemodynamic-based functional brain imaging techniques are powerful tools to explore the brain functions noninvasively, hemodynamic-based signal is strongly affected by spatial configuration of microvessels. Understanding the quantitative relations between microvascular structure and functional activity is therefore significant to make a valid signal interpretation for the imaging techniques. In the present study, we evaluated depth profiles of microvascular distributions in @entity1 somatosensory subfields (barrel field, forelimb region, trunk region and hindlimb region) and characterized depth variations in microvascular structures, such as locations, lengths and directions of microvessels, throughout the cortical layers (I-VI). To obtain the accurate microvascular structure, we made a customized casting method by using confocal laser scanning microscope. We observed that microvascular distribution successively varied throughout the cortical layers (I-VI) and that the maximum number density of microvessels was consistently found in @entity2 (III-V). In addition, superficial layers had relatively long microvessels, almost perpendicular to the cortical surface, whereas @entity2 had short microvessels propagating in all directions. These regional differences in microvascular structures were closely related to the somatosensory subfields, e.g., barrel field was the greatest number density of microvessels among the investigated subfields. Based on these observations, we compared microvascular profiles with previously reported distribution patterns of tissue partial pressure of @entity0 ( @entity3 ). The results showed that tissue @entity3 was correlated with microvascular distribution in some but not all of the subfields. This finding shows that detailed microvascular profiles are helpful to investigate causal relationships between microvascular structure and functional activities in cerebral cortex.

title: Successive depth variations in microvascular distribution of XXXX somatosensory cortex.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The use of home @entity1 therapy has become increasingly commonplace and is frequently prescribed by medical specialists. In this study, we have identified a generally unexpected risk of home @entity1 therapy. We performed a retrospective review of 3673 consecutive @entity0 treated at our adult burn center over a 10-year period from 1992 to 2001. We identified 27 @entity0 with burns directly attributable to @entity1 therapy and also noted an increased incidence of these injuries over the study period. The average age of the @entity0 was 68.1 +/- 9.2 years (range, 40-82 years). Twenty-three were using @entity1 at home, three in nursing homes, and one was an inpatient in an acute care facility. Twenty-five @entity0 (93%) were receiving @entity1 therapy for the diagnosis of @entity3 . Twenty-four @entity0 (89%) were smoking while using @entity1 , two were lighting pilot lights, and one was lighting his wife's cigarette. Four @entity0 (15%) sustained burns greater than 10% TBSA. Seventeen @entity0 (63%) had only partial thickness burns. Thirteen @entity0 (48%) required admission for treatment of their burn injuries. The average length of stay for those admitted was 4.4 days. The average hospital charge for admitted @entity0 was US dollars 8055. There were four @entity2 (15%), all of which were correlated only with the extent of injury. Although intuitively obvious to most health care professionals, not all @entity0 understand that @entity1 therapy and cigarettes or open flame can result in a significant injury. Although some practitioners have advocated not prescribing home @entity1 for those who continue to smoke, an alternative means of reducing the incidence of this preventable complication appears warranted. Prevention efforts should focus on the counseling of @entity0 and their caregivers as well as educating primary care physicians, nurses, and home health providers as to the dangers of @entity1 use.

title: Home XXXX therapy: adjunct or risk factor?

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study was evaluation of a closure device (Perclose, Menlo Park, @entity7 .) for closure of the femoral artery access site in @entity0 undergoing aggressive anticoagulation and platelet blockade after carotid stenting. Fifty-five @entity0 who received @entity3 in addition to @entity1 and heparin as medication for carotid stenting were included for suture of the femoral access site after using 7- or 8-F guide catheters. The technical success, the time for suture, the clotting parameters, and complications were examined. Follow-up investigations, including ultrasound and clinical examinations, were performed. The groin was checked for possible @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity2 . Technical success was obtained in 51 of 54 @entity0 (94%) after a mean procedure time of 6 min (range 5-10 min). The suture device was not used in one @entity0 (2%) for anatomical reasons and failed to obtain hemostasis in 3 of 54 (6%) @entity0 . In 4 of 54 @entity0 (7%) bleeding was observed at the punctured site 4-6 h after intervention which was treated by a compression bandage. The mean dedicated activated clotting time was 137 s (range 29-287 s) before intervention and 349 s (150-958 s) just before deploying the Perclose device. During follow-up after 2 days (range 2-6 days) and 6 months no further complications of the puncture site were observed except for two large groin @entity4 . No major complications occurred. Closure of the femoral access site after carotid stenting using a Perclose closure device is safe and effective even in @entity0 receiving an aggressive anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy.

title: Safety and efficacy of the Perclose suture-mediated closure device following carotid artery stenting under XXXX platelet blockade.

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) causes an exceptionally high prevalence of @entity1 that increases with age, especially in females. The @entity2 tolerance defect is progressive but a @entity6 -dependent insulin secretory defect cannot be excluded. The age and sex dependence of the secretory defect is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the age and sex dependency of insulin secretory and sensitivity parameters in @entity3 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis in an observational ongoing cohort (mean follow-up duration 7.5yr). SETTING: @entity3 Center of Milan. @entity0 : 187 @entity0 aged 8-30yr. INTERVENTION: 3-hour Oral @entity2 Tolerance Tests (OGTT, n=478) with 30-min insulin and @entity5 sampling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: model-derived insulin secretory and sensitivity parameters. RESULTS: Age was associated to a progressive decrement in insulinemia (at 30min) and a subsequent increment in glycemia (at 60-90min) returning at or below baseline (at 180min). These changes are explained by a progressive reduction in beta-cell sensitivity to @entity2 and a progressive increment in insulin clearance. Fasting and postprandial insulin sensitivity do not seem to be involved. Compared to males, females display higher @entity2 , insulin and @entity5 responses with greater insulin secretion, beta-cell sensitivity to @entity2 , insulin clearance and @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: A defect in beta-cell sensitivity to @entity2 progressively develops with age, but it is not sex specific and does not explain the worse @entity2 tolerance reported in females. In contrast, insulin clearance increases with age, especially in females, contributing to deterioration in @entity2 tolerance. The effects of age and sex should be considered when evaluating OGTT results in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Age- and sex-dependent distribution of OGTT-related variables in a population of XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) causes an exceptionally high prevalence of @entity1 that increases with age, especially in females. The @entity2 tolerance defect is progressive but a @entity6 -dependent insulin secretory defect cannot be excluded. The age and sex dependence of the secretory defect is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the age and sex dependency of insulin secretory and sensitivity parameters in @entity3 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis in an observational ongoing cohort (mean follow-up duration 7.5yr). SETTING: @entity3 Center of Milan. @entity0 : 187 @entity0 aged 8-30yr. INTERVENTION: 3-hour Oral @entity2 Tolerance Tests (OGTT, n=478) with 30-min insulin and @entity5 sampling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: model-derived insulin secretory and sensitivity parameters. RESULTS: Age was associated to a progressive decrement in insulinemia (at 30min) and a subsequent increment in glycemia (at 60-90min) returning at or below baseline (at 180min). These changes are explained by a progressive reduction in beta-cell sensitivity to @entity2 and a progressive increment in insulin clearance. Fasting and postprandial insulin sensitivity do not seem to be involved. Compared to males, females display higher @entity2 , insulin and @entity5 responses with greater insulin secretion, beta-cell sensitivity to @entity2 , insulin clearance and @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: A defect in beta-cell sensitivity to @entity2 progressively develops with age, but it is not sex specific and does not explain the worse @entity2 tolerance reported in females. In contrast, insulin clearance increases with age, especially in females, contributing to deterioration in @entity2 tolerance. The effects of age and sex should be considered when evaluating OGTT results in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Age- and sex-dependent distribution of OGTT-related variables in a population of @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: Menopausal-related @entity4 and increased waist circumference have major cardiovascular health implications for older @entity0 . The efficacy of a dietary and physical activity lifestyle intervention to prevent @entity4 and elevations in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) risk factors from the peri- to postmenopause is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To report the 54-month results of a lifestyle dietary and physical activity program on weight, body composition, physical activity, diet, and other @entity1 risk factors. DESIGN: Data are from a 5-year randomized clinical trial known as the @entity0 's Healthy Lifestyle Project, conducted from 1992 to 1999. @entity0 : 535 healthy, premenopausal @entity0 ages 44 to 50 at study entry enrolled into the trial. INTERVENTION: @entity0 were randomly assigned to either a lifestyle intervention group receiving a 5-year behavioral dietary and physical activity program or to an assessment-only control group. The lifestyle intervention group was given modest @entity3 goals (5-15 lb, or approximately 2.3-6.8 kg) to prevent subsequent gain above baseline weight by the end of the trial. To achieve @entity3 and lower low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels, intervention @entity0 followed an eating pattern consisting of 1,300 kcal/day (25% total fat, 7% saturated fat, 100 mg of dietary @entity2 ) and increased their physical activity expenditure (1,000-1,500 kcal/week). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Regarding @entity4 prevention, 55% (136/246) of intervention @entity0 were at or below baseline weight compared with 26% (68/261) of controls after 4.5 years, chi2(2, N = 507) =45.0, p <.001. The mean weight change in the intervention group was 0.1 kg below baseline (SD = 5.2 kg) compared with an average gain of 2.4 kg (SD = 4.9 kg) observed in the control group. Waist circumference also significantly decreased more in the intervention group compared with controls (M = -2.9 cm, SD = 5.3 vs. M = -0.5 cm, SD = 5.6, p <.001). Moreover, @entity0 in the lifestyle intervention group were consistently more physically active and reported eating fewer calories and less fat than controls. Long-term adherence to physical activity and a low-fat eating pattern was associated with better weight maintenance. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy @entity0 , @entity4 and increased waist circumference during the peri- to postmenopause can be prevented with a long-term lifestyle dietary and physical activity intervention.

title: Lifestyle intervention can prevent XXXX during menopause: results from a 5-year randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Phospholipase D (PLD; E.C. 3.1.4.4) is widespread in plants where it fulfills diverse functions in growth and in the response to stresses. The enzyme occurs in multiple forms that differ in their biochemical properties. In the present paper PLD from medicinally relevant @entity9 seeds was purified by @entity0 -mediated hydrophobic interaction and anion exchange chromatography to electrophoretic homogeneity. Based on mass-spectrometric sequence analysis of tryptic protein fragments, oligonucleotide primers for cloning genomic DNA fragments that encoded the enzyme were designed and used to derive the complete @entity7 sequence of this PLD. The sequence data, as well as the molecular properties (molecular mass of 92.0kDa, pI 5.39, maximum activity at pH 5.5-6.0 and @entity0 ion concentrations    60mM), allowed the assignment of this enzyme to the class of a-type PLDs. The apparent kinetic parameters Vmax and Km, determined for the hydrolysis of @entity4 (PC) in an aqueous mixed-micellar system were 356  15 molmin(-1)mg(-1) and 1.84  0.17mM, respectively. @entity8 analogs such as @entity12 and @entity11 displayed strong inhibition of the enzyme. @entity2 had a strong activating effect at 2-10mM @entity10 . PLD was inactivated at temperatures >45  C. The enzyme exhibited the highest activity toward PC followed by @entity5 and @entity6 . PCs with short-chain @entity3 were better substrates than PCs with long @entity1 chains. Lyso-PC was not accepted as substrate.

title: Purification, sequencing and characterization of phospholipase D from XXXX seeds.

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate outcomes after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in eyes with @entity3 drainage devices. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 24 cases performed by a single surgeon (S.B.H.) on 20 eyes. Data were gathered on demographics, ocular history, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes. Outcome measures included @entity1 , secondary graft failure, endothelial cell density (ECD), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), intraocular pressure, and visual acuity. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 30.3    19.6 months, there was no occurrence of @entity1 , and the rate of secondary graft failure was 29%. Survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively, were 87% [95% confidence interval (CI): 65%-96%], 80% (95% CI: 55%-92%), and 70% (95% CI: 39%-88%). Compared with ECD of the donor lenticule, endothelial cell loss was 49    16% (n = 21) at postoperative month 3, 59    16% (n = 20) at month 6, 61    20% (n = 16) at month 12, and stabilized at 75    17% (n = 9) by month 18. Compared with @entity4 during the visit before surgery, @entity4 decreased to 83    18% (n = 18) at postoperative month 3 and gradually increased to 95    11% (n = 6) at month 24. There were 4 (17%) cases of intraocular pressure elevation above 25 mm Hg. Improved visual acuity occurred in 71% of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in eyes with @entity5 secondary to @entity2 in the presence of a previous @entity3 drainage device is a successful procedure. However, intermediate term endothelial cell loss is significant, as is the graft failure rate.

title: Outcomes After Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty in @entity0 With XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate outcomes after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in eyes with @entity3 drainage devices. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 24 cases performed by a single surgeon (S.B.H.) on 20 eyes. Data were gathered on demographics, ocular history, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes. Outcome measures included @entity1 , secondary graft failure, endothelial cell density (ECD), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), intraocular pressure, and visual acuity. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 30.3    19.6 months, there was no occurrence of @entity1 , and the rate of secondary graft failure was 29%. Survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively, were 87% [95% confidence interval (CI): 65%-96%], 80% (95% CI: 55%-92%), and 70% (95% CI: 39%-88%). Compared with ECD of the donor lenticule, endothelial cell loss was 49    16% (n = 21) at postoperative month 3, 59    16% (n = 20) at month 6, 61    20% (n = 16) at month 12, and stabilized at 75    17% (n = 9) by month 18. Compared with @entity4 during the visit before surgery, @entity4 decreased to 83    18% (n = 18) at postoperative month 3 and gradually increased to 95    11% (n = 6) at month 24. There were 4 (17%) cases of intraocular pressure elevation above 25 mm Hg. Improved visual acuity occurred in 71% of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in eyes with @entity5 secondary to @entity2 in the presence of a previous @entity3 drainage device is a successful procedure. However, intermediate term endothelial cell loss is significant, as is the graft failure rate.

title: Outcomes After Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty in XXXX With @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Various types of systems are used to control the reactivity and shutting down of a nuclear reactor during emergency and routine shutdown operations. Injection of @entity2 solution (borated water) into the core of a reactor is one of the commonly used methods during emergency operation. A pilot-scale poison tank was designed and fabricated to simulate injection of @entity2 poison into the core of a reactor along with coolant water. In order to design a full-scale poison tank, it was desired to characterize flow of liquid from the tank. @entity0 ( @entity3 ) measurement and analysis was adopted to characterize the flow dynamics. Radiotracer technique was applied to measure @entity3 of aqueous phase in the tank using @entity1 -82 as a radiotracer. @entity3 measurements were carried out with two different modes of operation of the tank and at different flow rates. In Mode-1, the radiotracer was instantaneously injected at the inlet and monitored at the outlet, whereas in Mode-2, the tank was filled with radiotracer and its concentration was measured at the outlet. From the measured @entity3 curves, mean residence times (MRTs), dead volume and fraction of liquid pumped in with time were determined. The treated @entity3 curves were modeled using suitable mathematical models. An axial dispersion model with high degree of backmixing was found suitable to describe flow when operated in Mode-1, whereas a tanks-in-series model with backmixing was found suitable to describe flow of the poison in the tank when operated in Mode-2. The results were utilized to scale-up and design a full-scale poison tank for a nuclear reactor.

title: XXXX measurements in a pilot-scale poison tank using radiotracer technique.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blunt vascular @entity1 in an extremity is an uncommon diagnosis. Considering the complexity of these injuries, it is worthwhile to determine how select factors affect the outcome of the limb and the @entity0 . The objectives of this study were to review the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of @entity0 who sustained blunt @entity6 in the extremities and relate factors in their treatment to the outcome of the injured extremity. METHODS: A retrospective review of data on adult and pediatric @entity0 who had a diagnosis of blunt @entity6 in an extremity and underwent some attempt at restoration of vascular flow was conducted. RESULTS: From January 1995 to December 2002, 62 @entity0 (80.3% male; mean age, 33.2 +/- 15.8 years) sustained blunt @entity1 (mean Injury Severity Score, 14.6 +/- 8.4), with 93 @entity6 in 65 extremities (16 upper and 49 lower). Hard signs of @entity6 occurred in 41 (66%) @entity0 . An associated @entity2 and/or dislocation was present in 59 @entity0 (95%). Preoperative arteriograms were obtained in 20 @entity0 (17 occlusions, 2 embolizations, and 1 untreated). @entity1 were as follows: 16 upper (brachial artery, 50%) and 63 lower (tibial/peroneal/popliteal, 84%), with ligation being the most common treatment in the latter. Intravascular shunts were used to restore blood flow in 18 vessels (13 arteries and 5 veins) in 13 @entity0 . Delays in diagnosis or treatment occurred in six @entity0 , mostly because of errors in management/judgment. @entity3 were performed in six @entity0 , and five developed @entity7 . Six @entity0 died. The age (p = 0.0006), Injury Severity Score (p = 0.0007), and Mangled Extremity Severity Score (p = 0.0009) were significantly different for the survivors compared with the nonsurvivors. CONCLUSION: Blunt @entity6 in the lower extremities occur most commonly in the anteroposterior tibial arteries; injured arteries in the proximal upper and lower extremity require resection with interposition grafting, whereas those in the forearm or @entity4 are usually ligated; the amputation rate in 65 injured extremities with blunt vascular @entity1 was 18.%, which is at least three times that for those who sustain penetrating injury; and delays in diagnosis and treatment are uncommon in these @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: Blunt vascular XXXX in the extremity: diagnosis, management, and outcome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to examine clinical presentation and medium-term outcome of @entity0 with @entity11 of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. TYPE OF STUDY: Matched case control study. METHODS: From a consecutive case series of 575 @entity0 who underwent ACL reconstruction from 1996 through 1999, we report on 10 @entity0 (1.7%) with @entity11 . These @entity0 were compared with individually matched @entity0 without @entity3 , on average, 3 years after surgery. The examination included physical and radiographic evaluation, functional testing, KT-1000, Lysholm and Tegner scales, and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and @entity10 and @entity5 Outcome Score (KOOS) form. RESULTS: The predominant clinical presentation among @entity0 with @entity11 was modest classic signs of @entity3 . However, all had @entity2 and elevated sedimentation rate or high @entity9 . Bacterial cultures showed coagulase-negative @entity6 species in 6, @entity6 in 1, and Propionibacteriaceae species in 1 @entity0 . The diagnosis was established with a delay of approximately 5 days. All @entity0 underwent arthroscopic debridement and lavage (2 cases) or continuous irrigation (8 cases), as well as antibiotic treatment. One experienced graft @entity4 caused by the @entity3 . At the end of the follow-up evaluation, the infected @entity0 reported significantly lower activity levels than the control subjects (mean Tegner score, 5.3 v 7.2, P =.03). No statistically significant differences were noted in mean Lysholm, IKDC, or KOOS scores, or in KT-1000 difference. Two infected @entity0 scored lower on the Tegner and Lysholm scales postoperatively than they did preoperatively. When examining the causes of @entity3 , we found contamination by coagulase-negative @entity6 on supposedly sterile suture clamps on 3 graft preparation boards. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of suspected @entity11 after ACL reconstruction, laboratory studies and @entity8 followed by culture testing should be performed liberally to avoid the otherwise frequently delayed diagnosis. The inferior postoperative activity level noted in infected @entity0 appeared not to be secondary to graft failure but may be related to arthrofibrosis, @entity1 , or recurring postinfectious @entity7 .

title: Presentation, outcome, and cause of XXXX after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a case control study.

answer: @entity11


abstract: This article examines acute @entity1 management practices for @entity0 65 years of age and older who were hospitalized during 1999 for @entity2 . Data were collected from the medical records of @entity0 (N = 709) admitted to 12 hospitals in the Midwest and from questionnaires on @entity1 practices completed by nurses (N = 172) caring for these @entity0 . The major variables examined were (1). pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for acute @entity1 in hospitalized elders, (2). nurses' perceived stage of adoption for avoiding @entity4 use and for administering analgesics around-the-clock, and (3). nurses' perceived barriers to optimal treatment of acute @entity1 in elders. @entity3 was the most frequently administered analgesic, but administered doses were far less than the maximum daily recommended dose. More than one third (39%) of the nurses reported that they always avoided the use of @entity4 , and over half reporting avoiding its use sometimes. However, the majority of @entity0 (56.8%) received at least one dose of @entity4 , even though evidence suggests that other analgesic agents are more appropriate for treatment of acute @entity1 in elders. Only 27% of @entity0 received @entity0 -controlled analgesia, and only 22.3% of @entity0 received around-the-clock administration during the first 24 hours after admission of analgesics that had been ordered on a prn basis. The majority of nurses were aware that around-the-clock administration of analgesics was preferable, but only 33.7% were persuaded (believed) that this method should be used. Intramuscular injection was used for 52.2% of @entity0 , even though this route is not recommended for older adults. The most frequently used nonpharmacological intervention was repositioning, followed by use of pressure relief devices and cold application. Nurses reported difficulty contacting physicians and difficulty communicating with them about type and/or dose of analgesics as the greatest barriers to @entity1 management. Findings from this multi-site study show that active and focused "translation" interventions are needed to promote adoption of evidence-based acute @entity1 management practices by health care providers.

title: Acute XXXX treatment for older adults hospitalized with @entity2 : current nursing practices and perceived barriers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This article examines acute @entity1 management practices for @entity0 65 years of age and older who were hospitalized during 1999 for @entity2 . Data were collected from the medical records of @entity0 (N = 709) admitted to 12 hospitals in the Midwest and from questionnaires on @entity1 practices completed by nurses (N = 172) caring for these @entity0 . The major variables examined were (1). pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for acute @entity1 in hospitalized elders, (2). nurses' perceived stage of adoption for avoiding @entity4 use and for administering analgesics around-the-clock, and (3). nurses' perceived barriers to optimal treatment of acute @entity1 in elders. @entity3 was the most frequently administered analgesic, but administered doses were far less than the maximum daily recommended dose. More than one third (39%) of the nurses reported that they always avoided the use of @entity4 , and over half reporting avoiding its use sometimes. However, the majority of @entity0 (56.8%) received at least one dose of @entity4 , even though evidence suggests that other analgesic agents are more appropriate for treatment of acute @entity1 in elders. Only 27% of @entity0 received @entity0 -controlled analgesia, and only 22.3% of @entity0 received around-the-clock administration during the first 24 hours after admission of analgesics that had been ordered on a prn basis. The majority of nurses were aware that around-the-clock administration of analgesics was preferable, but only 33.7% were persuaded (believed) that this method should be used. Intramuscular injection was used for 52.2% of @entity0 , even though this route is not recommended for older adults. The most frequently used nonpharmacological intervention was repositioning, followed by use of pressure relief devices and cold application. Nurses reported difficulty contacting physicians and difficulty communicating with them about type and/or dose of analgesics as the greatest barriers to @entity1 management. Findings from this multi-site study show that active and focused "translation" interventions are needed to promote adoption of evidence-based acute @entity1 management practices by health care providers.

title: Acute @entity1 treatment for older adults hospitalized with XXXX : current nursing practices and perceived barriers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Pavetta crassipes leaf is routinely used locally in Nigeria for the management of @entity7 and @entity1 . The @entity3 and other cardiovascular effects of Pavetta crassipes were investigated in @entity2 and @entity0 . The effects of the extract on @entity0 and cat blood pressures, isolated @entity0 atria, @entity0 portal vein, isolated @entity0 aorta and @entity0 vas deferens were studied. Specific receptor antagonists ( @entity9 , @entity12 , @entity11 , @entity6 ) were used to elucidate the underlying mechanism(s) involved in the cardiovascular changes induced by P. crassipes. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of Pavetta crassipes lowered the blood pressures of @entity2 and @entity0 in a dose dependent manner. The extract also caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the force of contraction of the isolated @entity0 atria and @entity0 portal vein. The decreases in blood pressure values were attenuated in the presence of a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, @entity6 . The extract also attenuated @entity8 -induced contraction of the @entity0 atria. However, the extract did not affect contractions evoked by @entity10 , @entity5 and @entity4 on the @entity0 aorta. Pavetta crassipes contains biologically active substances that may be useful in the management of @entity1 .

title: XXXX activity of the ethanol extract of Pavetta crassipes leaves.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity1 beta-casomorphin-5 (beta-CM-5: @entity7 ), a micro-opioid agonist derived from milk beta-casein, on step-down type passive avoidance tasks were investigated in @entity0 . Intracerebroventricular administration of a high dose (10 microg) of beta-CM-5 produced a significant decrease in step-down latency. @entity4 (5 microg, i.c.v.) almost completely reversed the beta-CM-5-induced shortening of step-down latency, although neither @entity3 (5 ng, i.c.v.) nor @entity6 (5 microg, i.c.v.) had any significant influence on the effect of beta-CM-5. Meanwhile, a low dose (0.5 microg, i.c.v.) of beta-CM-5 inhibited @entity5 (1 mg/kg)-induced impairment of passive avoidance response. These results indicated that a high dose of beta-CM-5 induces @entity2 , whereas a low dose ameliorates @entity5 -induced @entity2 .

title: Effects of beta-casomorphin-5 on passive avoidance response in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) are uncommon diseases, accounting for approximately 1% of all @entity1 and 0.5-4% of all @entity0 , respectively. In 10-30% of vulval cases an invasive @entity4 is present. In such cases the disease is often aggressive and recurrence rate is high. This is in contrast to @entity8 where the general consensus is that almost all cases are associated with an in situ or @entity5 . Our aim was to examine the presence of the @entity1 suppressor protein @entity6 and the proliferation marker Ki67 in @entity9 and @entity8 and correlate any differences in the expression of these two proteins with the presence of an underlying @entity2 . METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed on 52 archival cases of @entity9 , which included 10 with associated invasive @entity4 , and on 37 archival cases of @entity8 , including 26 with available associated @entity5 in situ (DCIS) or invasive @entity0 . All cases were @entity3 -fixed and paraffin wax-embedded. Monoclonal antibodies were used with microwave antigen retrieval. Streptavidin- @entity7 -horseradish peroxidase and @entity10 detection methods were employed to visualize antibody binding and staining. A section was scored positive for @entity6 if more than 10% of cell nuclei were stained brown and Ki67 was expressed as a percentage of positive cells to the nearest 5% of cells showing nuclear positivity (Ki67 staining index). RESULTS: @entity6 was expressed in 15 of 52 (29%) @entity9 cases and 5 of 37 (13%) cases of @entity8 . Four of the ten cases (40%) of @entity9 associated with invasive disease expressed @entity6 compared with 11 of 42 (26%) cases without invasive disease. The mean Ki67 staining index for @entity9 associated with invasion was 19%, and for that without invasion, 16%. In the breast cases, the mean staining index was 11%. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that @entity6 may have a role to play in @entity9 progression, and may be a late event in some cases, especially those associated with invasive disease. Ki67 has no apparent prognostic role in @entity9 as there was no significant difference between those cases associated with and those without invasive disease. Neither @entity6 nor Ki67 appears to have a prognostic role to play in @entity8 .

title: The role of XXXX and Ki67 in @entity9 and the breast.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) are uncommon diseases, accounting for approximately 1% of all @entity1 and 0.5-4% of all @entity0 , respectively. In 10-30% of vulval cases an invasive @entity4 is present. In such cases the disease is often aggressive and recurrence rate is high. This is in contrast to @entity8 where the general consensus is that almost all cases are associated with an in situ or @entity5 . Our aim was to examine the presence of the @entity1 suppressor protein @entity6 and the proliferation marker Ki67 in @entity9 and @entity8 and correlate any differences in the expression of these two proteins with the presence of an underlying @entity2 . METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed on 52 archival cases of @entity9 , which included 10 with associated invasive @entity4 , and on 37 archival cases of @entity8 , including 26 with available associated @entity5 in situ (DCIS) or invasive @entity0 . All cases were @entity3 -fixed and paraffin wax-embedded. Monoclonal antibodies were used with microwave antigen retrieval. Streptavidin- @entity7 -horseradish peroxidase and @entity10 detection methods were employed to visualize antibody binding and staining. A section was scored positive for @entity6 if more than 10% of cell nuclei were stained brown and Ki67 was expressed as a percentage of positive cells to the nearest 5% of cells showing nuclear positivity (Ki67 staining index). RESULTS: @entity6 was expressed in 15 of 52 (29%) @entity9 cases and 5 of 37 (13%) cases of @entity8 . Four of the ten cases (40%) of @entity9 associated with invasive disease expressed @entity6 compared with 11 of 42 (26%) cases without invasive disease. The mean Ki67 staining index for @entity9 associated with invasion was 19%, and for that without invasion, 16%. In the breast cases, the mean staining index was 11%. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that @entity6 may have a role to play in @entity9 progression, and may be a late event in some cases, especially those associated with invasive disease. Ki67 has no apparent prognostic role in @entity9 as there was no significant difference between those cases associated with and those without invasive disease. Neither @entity6 nor Ki67 appears to have a prognostic role to play in @entity8 .

title: The role of @entity6 and Ki67 in XXXX and the breast.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to characterize the prognostic features of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), examine the clinical impact of surgical staging, and define the role of cytoreductive surgery for @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: Fifty-one @entity0 with @entity3 were identified from hospital and @entity1 registry databases. Demographic, operative, pathologic, and follow-up data were abstracted retrospectively. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and statistical comparisons were performed using the log rank test, logistic regression analysis, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 45 years, and follow-up extended to a median of 43.0 months. Stage I/II disease was present in 25.5% of @entity0 and no disease-related deaths were observed in this group. @entity1 was discovered in 29.4% of @entity0 with @entity1 clinically confined to the ovaries. Stage III/IV disease (74.5% of cases) was associated with median progression-free and overall survival times of 32.8 and 114.2 months, respectively. Menopausal status and the anatomic extent of disease were significantly associated with survival outcome. However, the strongest independent predictor of survival for @entity0 with @entity4 was the amount of @entity2 . Median overall survival for @entity0 with optimal cytoreduction (residual disease </=1 cm) was 115.4 months compared to 43.1 months for those with >1 cm @entity2 (P < 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 carries a significant risk of extraovarian spread; however, adequately sampled Stage I/II disease is associated with a favorable prognosis. Optimal cytoreduction is associated with improved survival and should be the primary therapeutic objective for @entity0 with advanced-stage @entity3 .

title: XXXX : surgical management and clinical outcome.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review previous reports of cases of @entity3 to examine its epidemiological and clinical characteristics and to explore the etiology and pathophysiology of the disease. BACKGROUND: @entity3 is one of many @entity2 conditions that affect the oral cavity and is often overlooked in the differential diagnosis. METHODS: A search of the literature was performed for all cases of @entity3 reported from 1966 to the present. RESULTS: The typical clinical presentation of @entity3 that has been reported involves @entity2 in a tooth in the absence of any sign of pathology; the @entity2 may spread to areas of the face, neck, and shoulder. The existing literature suggests that this condition occurs in 3% to 6% of the @entity0 who undergo endodontic treatment, with high female preponderance and a concentration of cases in the fourth decade of life. Deafferentation seems to be the most likely mechanism to initiate the @entity2 , but psychological factors, alteration of neural mechanisms, and even an idiopathic mechanism have been implicated. Not all reported cases were preceded by @entity1 to the teeth or gums. The treatment of choice is a tricyclic antidepressant, alone or in combination with a @entity4 . The outcome is usually fair, with many @entity0 obtaining complete relief from @entity2 . Especially in the absence of overt pathology, particular attention should be paid to avoiding any unnecessary and potentially dangerous dental intervention on the teeth. CONCLUSION: @entity3 is surprisingly common, of uncertain origin, and potentially treatable.

title: XXXX : a review of the literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Weight loss in response to caloric restriction is variable. Because skeletal muscle mitochondrial proton leak may account for a large proportion of resting metabolic rate, we compared proton leak in diet-resistant and diet-responsive overweight @entity0 and compared the expression and gene characteristics of @entity3 and @entity4 . Of 1,129 overweight @entity0 who completed the University of Ottawa Weight Management Clinic program, 353 met compliance criteria and were free of medical conditions that could affect @entity1 . Subjects were ranked according to percent body @entity1 during the first 6 weeks of a 900-kcal meal replacement protocol. The highest and lowest quintiles of @entity1 were defined as diet responsive and diet resistant, respectively. After body weight had been stable for at least 10 weeks, 12 of 70 subjects from each group consented to muscle biopsy and blood sampling for determinations of proton leak, @entity2 mRNA expression, and genetic studies. Despite similar baseline weight and age, @entity1 was 43% greater, mitochondrial proton leak-dependent (state 4) respiration was 51% higher (P = 0.0062), and expression of @entity4 mRNA abundance was 25% greater (P < 0.001) in diet-responsive than in diet-resistant subjects. There were no differences in @entity3 mRNA abundance. None of the known polymorphisms in @entity4 or its 5' flanking sequence were associated with @entity1 or @entity4 mRNA abundance. Thus, proton leak and the expression of @entity4 correlate with @entity1 success and may be candidates for pharmacological regulation of fat oxidation in obese diet-resistant subjects.

title: Decreased mitochondrial proton leak and reduced expression of uncoupling protein 3 in skeletal muscle of obese diet-resistant XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Thirty-five ankles in 34 subjects with non-surgically managed stage 5 (chronic) osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) were reassessed an average of 38 months post diagnosis--88 months post symptom onset. The overall clinical result was rated good or excellent in 54%, fair in 17% and poor in 29%. Six @entity0 opted for surgery--arthroscopic drilling--after a trial of one year of nonsurgical treatment and were therefore rated as poor. Tomogram or CT scans at the time of diagnosis and follow-up were compared in 25 @entity0 . We found no significant change in lesion size and there was a poor correlation between change in lesion size and clinical outcome. X-rays performed at follow-up on 20 @entity0 showed mild degenerative changes in 13 of 20 ankles with OLT. No correlation was found between the presence of degenerative changes and the clinical outcome. We conclude that: 1. Non-surgical management of stage 5 OLT is a viable option with little or no risk of developing significant @entity2 . 2. @entity1 remain radiographically stable. 3. There is a poor correlation between changes in lesion size and clinical outcome. However, the few @entity0 with lesions which decrease significantly in size tend to do well and those with lesions which increase significantly in size do poorly. 4. The development of mild radiographic changes of OA does not correlate with clinical outcome. 5. The general course of stage 5 OLT is benign with over half of the @entity0 improving to good or excellent results with non-surgical management. 6. @entity1 tend to do better than medial ones. 7. Adult onset lesions tend to do better than juvenile onset lesions.

title: Nonoperatively managed stage 5 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic resection for malignant @entity2 is controversial, because they are rare and limited data exist in the literature. HYPOTHESIS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for malignant @entity2 is safe and effective. @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty-three @entity0 who had a laparoscopic approach for suspected and unsuspected malignant @entity2 were studied retrospectively. The adrenal mass was suspected to be metastatic if the @entity0 had a history of previous extra-adrenal primary malignancy and/or positive fine-needle aspiration cytologic findings. A primary @entity4 was suspected if there were positive fine-needle aspiration cytologic findings and/or a malignant adrenal imaging phenotype. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Margins of @entity2 resection, (2) @entity2 recurrence (locoregional, port site, and distant), and (3) disease-free survival. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity0 (15 @entity0 and 8 @entity0 ) had 24 laparoscopic procedures (20 adrenalectomies, 3 biopsies, and 1 diagnostic laparoscopy). Permanent histologic specimens in the 23 @entity0 showed 5 @entity5 , 1 undifferentiated @entity4 , 13 adrenal metastases, 2 @entity3 , and 2 cases with no evidence of @entity2 . Clinically suspected adrenal metastases were true positive in 19 @entity0 (83%). The sensitivity of fine-needle aspiration cytology was 57% (n = 7). Only 1 of 6 @entity0 with primary @entity4 was suspected to have a @entity2 preoperatively. The @entity2 resection margin was negative in all adrenalectomies. There were 3 locoregional recurrences (2 local and 1 lymph node @entity1 ) in the 6 @entity0 with primary @entity4 , no port site recurrences, and 4 distant recurrences in 13 @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 . The disease-free survival was 65% at a mean follow-up time of 3.3 years (range, 1-7 years). CONCLUSIONS: A laparoscopic approach in @entity0 with suspected adrenal @entity1 can be both diagnostic and therapeutic, and achieves complete @entity2 resection. In contrast, laparoscopic adrenalectomy for clinically unsuspected @entity5 is associated with a high recurrence rate. Furthermore, preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology for the evaluation of suspected malignant @entity2 is unreliable.

title: Results of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for suspected and unsuspected XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity16 and @entity6 have rarely been reported. An 88-year-old Japanese @entity0 was admitted to our clinic because of hypochondralgia and @entity8 . Imaging techniques revealed @entity15 and a multilocular @entity1 in the fundus of the @entity6 , and cholecystectomy was performed. Grossly, the @entity1 (3.5 x 3 x 3 cm) was multicystic, containing seromucous fluid. The @entity1 was located in the fibromuscular layer and subserosa of the @entity6 fundus, and protruded into the serosal surface, not into @entity6 lumen. The mucosa appeared free of @entity1 involvement, and no @entity12 were recognized. Microscopically, the @entity1 was located in the fibromuscular layer, subserosa and tiny focus of the mucosal surface. The @entity1 consisted of mucin-rich benign columnar cells, @entity13 mucous cells, malignant papillotubular cells and invasive @entity3 cells. Malignant and atypical @entity1 cells were located in the center of the @entity1 and in the tiny area of the mucosal surface, while benign @entity1 cells were located in the peripheral portions of the @entity1 and in the serosal side. Neither @entity2 -like @entity4 nor an oncocytic change in @entity1 cells was recognized. @entity7 showed chronic @entity10 . Immunohistochemically, benign and @entity3 cells were positive for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, CA19-9, @entity9 , @entity11 and @entity17 , and @entity3 cells were also positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity5 protein. The present case indicates that @entity14 without @entity4 may occur in the @entity6 of old @entity0 , and suggests that @entity16 without @entity4 may transform into @entity6 .

title: @entity14 with @entity16 elements of the XXXX in an old @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity16 and @entity6 have rarely been reported. An 88-year-old Japanese @entity0 was admitted to our clinic because of hypochondralgia and @entity8 . Imaging techniques revealed @entity15 and a multilocular @entity1 in the fundus of the @entity6 , and cholecystectomy was performed. Grossly, the @entity1 (3.5 x 3 x 3 cm) was multicystic, containing seromucous fluid. The @entity1 was located in the fibromuscular layer and subserosa of the @entity6 fundus, and protruded into the serosal surface, not into @entity6 lumen. The mucosa appeared free of @entity1 involvement, and no @entity12 were recognized. Microscopically, the @entity1 was located in the fibromuscular layer, subserosa and tiny focus of the mucosal surface. The @entity1 consisted of mucin-rich benign columnar cells, @entity13 mucous cells, malignant papillotubular cells and invasive @entity3 cells. Malignant and atypical @entity1 cells were located in the center of the @entity1 and in the tiny area of the mucosal surface, while benign @entity1 cells were located in the peripheral portions of the @entity1 and in the serosal side. Neither @entity2 -like @entity4 nor an oncocytic change in @entity1 cells was recognized. @entity7 showed chronic @entity10 . Immunohistochemically, benign and @entity3 cells were positive for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, CA19-9, @entity9 , @entity11 and @entity17 , and @entity3 cells were also positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity5 protein. The present case indicates that @entity14 without @entity4 may occur in the @entity6 of old @entity0 , and suggests that @entity16 without @entity4 may transform into @entity6 .

title: @entity14 with XXXX elements of the @entity6 in an old @entity0 .

answer: @entity16


abstract: @entity16 and @entity6 have rarely been reported. An 88-year-old Japanese @entity0 was admitted to our clinic because of hypochondralgia and @entity8 . Imaging techniques revealed @entity15 and a multilocular @entity1 in the fundus of the @entity6 , and cholecystectomy was performed. Grossly, the @entity1 (3.5 x 3 x 3 cm) was multicystic, containing seromucous fluid. The @entity1 was located in the fibromuscular layer and subserosa of the @entity6 fundus, and protruded into the serosal surface, not into @entity6 lumen. The mucosa appeared free of @entity1 involvement, and no @entity12 were recognized. Microscopically, the @entity1 was located in the fibromuscular layer, subserosa and tiny focus of the mucosal surface. The @entity1 consisted of mucin-rich benign columnar cells, @entity13 mucous cells, malignant papillotubular cells and invasive @entity3 cells. Malignant and atypical @entity1 cells were located in the center of the @entity1 and in the tiny area of the mucosal surface, while benign @entity1 cells were located in the peripheral portions of the @entity1 and in the serosal side. Neither @entity2 -like @entity4 nor an oncocytic change in @entity1 cells was recognized. @entity7 showed chronic @entity10 . Immunohistochemically, benign and @entity3 cells were positive for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, CA19-9, @entity9 , @entity11 and @entity17 , and @entity3 cells were also positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity5 protein. The present case indicates that @entity14 without @entity4 may occur in the @entity6 of old @entity0 , and suggests that @entity16 without @entity4 may transform into @entity6 .

title: XXXX with @entity16 elements of the @entity6 in an old @entity0 .

answer: @entity14


abstract: @entity16 and @entity6 have rarely been reported. An 88-year-old Japanese @entity0 was admitted to our clinic because of hypochondralgia and @entity8 . Imaging techniques revealed @entity15 and a multilocular @entity1 in the fundus of the @entity6 , and cholecystectomy was performed. Grossly, the @entity1 (3.5 x 3 x 3 cm) was multicystic, containing seromucous fluid. The @entity1 was located in the fibromuscular layer and subserosa of the @entity6 fundus, and protruded into the serosal surface, not into @entity6 lumen. The mucosa appeared free of @entity1 involvement, and no @entity12 were recognized. Microscopically, the @entity1 was located in the fibromuscular layer, subserosa and tiny focus of the mucosal surface. The @entity1 consisted of mucin-rich benign columnar cells, @entity13 mucous cells, malignant papillotubular cells and invasive @entity3 cells. Malignant and atypical @entity1 cells were located in the center of the @entity1 and in the tiny area of the mucosal surface, while benign @entity1 cells were located in the peripheral portions of the @entity1 and in the serosal side. Neither @entity2 -like @entity4 nor an oncocytic change in @entity1 cells was recognized. @entity7 showed chronic @entity10 . Immunohistochemically, benign and @entity3 cells were positive for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, CA19-9, @entity9 , @entity11 and @entity17 , and @entity3 cells were also positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity5 protein. The present case indicates that @entity14 without @entity4 may occur in the @entity6 of old @entity0 , and suggests that @entity16 without @entity4 may transform into @entity6 .

title: @entity14 with @entity16 elements of the @entity6 in an old XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies of @entity1 angiogenesis in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in regard to correlation with prognostic significance have yielded inconclusive results. To determine whether the microvessel density (MVD) within the @entity1 of advanced (Stages III and IV) @entity3 has any impact on @entity1 response to 2-3 courses of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity7 , we prospectively studied pre-chemotherapy specimens from @entity0 with previously untreated, advanced stage @entity3 . We also attempted to study @entity2 after chemotherapy to determine if the MVD within the @entity1 had changed. STUDY DESIGN: The MVD within the @entity1 was obtained by immunohistochemical staining of the @entity1 with Q-Bend 10 ( @entity6 ). The "hot-spot" areas of each @entity1 (ie., areas with most intense @entity5 ) were considered for evaluation. Results were expressed as the Average number of microvessels identified in 5-400x microscope fields (ie., the number of microvessels counted in 5-400x microscope fields divided by 5). SETTING: Tertiary University Medical Center. INTERVENTION: Two to 3 courses of chemotherapy with @entity4 and @entity7 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Progression-free and overall survival with 5 years follow-up, RESULTS: The tumoral MVD in 32 @entity3 specimens before chemotherapy ranged from 4.0-39.0 (mean, 14.8; median, 14.2). Eight out of 32 @entity0 achieved pathologically complete remission; their tumoral MVD revealed a mean of 10.9. The 24 remaining @entity0 had pathologically-confirmed @entity2 post-chemotherapy; their tumoral MVD revealed a mean of 16.5. CONCLUSION: Statistical analyses revealed no evidence of a relationship between remission and a MVD > or < 10 or > or < 16.5. There was no correlation of tumoral MVD with overall or progression-free survival. In 15 @entity0 , tumoral MVD results were also available on the post-chemotherapy specimens. The greater the difference of the tumoral MVD between the pre- and post-chemotherapy specimens, the shorter the @entity0 overall and progression-free survival (p = 0.042).

title: Microvessel density in advanced XXXX before and after chemotherapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A lot of methods are now available for total plasma @entity2 (tHcy) determination. Commercial kits using immunoassay, easier to use, begin to supplant in-house laboratory methods. Our aim is to evaluate the interchangeability of tHcy measurements in 9 French hospital laboratories. Six different method types were used: 2 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 2 HPLC with fluorescence detection subdivided in one in-house method and one commercial kit (Bio-Rad ), 3 fluorescence polarization immunoassays (FPIA), 1 enzyme immunoassay, 1 @entity1 analyser, 1 capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence detection (EC- @entity3 ). Each laboratory analysed 41 @entity0 's plasma samples in which 8 samples contained added @entity4 . Results were analysed for imprecision, recovery, and methodological differences. The mean among-laboratory imprecision (CV) ranged from 12.5 to 18% in function of plasma sample type and was identical to the mean among-method variation. In terms of recovery, we obtained underestimated results with immunoassays. The bias relative to the GC-MS method was less than 12.5% except for two laboratories, one using FPIA assay and the other EC- @entity3 . In conclusion, the interchangeability of tHcy results between laboratories is not satisfactory and does not allow us to evaluate cardiovascular risk linked to moderate increases of tHcy.

title: [Comparison of plasma total XXXX determinations in 9 French hospital laboratories by using 6 different methods].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our goal was to analyze the results of resection of @entity1 and liver metastases in one procedure. STUDY DESIGN: Between June 1982 and July 1998, 522 @entity0 underwent liver resection for colorectal metastases. Liver resection was performed simultaneously with colorectal resection in 71 cases, representing the population in this study. Morbidity, mortality, overall survival, and disease-free survival times were analyzed. Median followup time was 29 months (range 6 to 162 months). Prognostic factors and their influence on outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: The median hospital stay was 8 days (range 5 to 23 days). Morbidity was 21% and included nine @entity5 , seven wound @entity4 , four instances of @entity6 , three @entity2 , three intraabdominal @entity4 , and one @entity3 . Operative mortality was 0%. Recurrence rate was 57.7% (41 or 71), and progression of disease was detected in 33.8%. Overall and disease-free survivals at 1, 3, and 5 years were 88%, 45%, and 38% and 67%, 17%, and 9%, respectively. Prognostic factors with notable influence on @entity0 outcomes were nodal stage as per @entity7 classification, number of liver metastases, diameter (smaller or larger than 5 cm), liver resection specimen weight (lighter or heavier than 90 g), and liver resection margin (smaller or larger than 1 cm). CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous resection of @entity1 and liver metastases can be performed with low morbidity and mortality rates, avoiding a second surgical procedure.

title: Simultaneous colorectal and hepatic resections for XXXX : postoperative and longterm outcomes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS/BACKGROUND: Total @entity8 mutase (PGM) activity in serum has been shown to be increased in acute @entity3 with the same time course as @entity4 kinase (CK) activity. However, the increase in the muscle (MM) and in the cardiac (MB) PGM isoenzymes was not as high as expected. The present study was undertaken to characterise PGM inactivation by serum and to compare it with serum CK inactivation. METHODS: The PGM and the CK activities of extracts of @entity0 heart, skeletal muscle, and brain were determined spectrophotometrically after incubation with different media, namely: plasma, whole serum, dialysed serum, heated serum, serum ultrafiltrate, urate solution, and buffer solution. RESULTS: Type MM PGM was inactivated by plasma, whole serum, heated serum, dialysed serum, and serum ultrafiltrate. Inactivation in dialysed serum was reduced by @entity5 and largely reversed by @entity6 agents. Inactivation in serum ultrafiltrate was not prevented by @entity5 and only partially reversed by @entity7 . The muscle and type BB CK isoenzymes were inactivated in all the tested media. The incubation of @entity0 and @entity1 skeletal muscle PGM and CK in urate solution showed that urate does not affect mutase activity under conditions that inactivate CK. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the mechanisms of CK inactivation proposed by others and show that the type M @entity9 subunit is inactivated by two different mechanisms, which appear to involve the thiol groups of the enzyme. One mechanism is caused by either a protein component or a protein bound serum component and involves @entity2 ions and/or another chelatable metal ion. The other mechanism is caused by a lower molecular weight serum component and is metal ion independent.

title: Inactivation of XXXX mutase and @entity4 kinase isoenzymes in human serum.

answer: @entity8


abstract: AIMS/BACKGROUND: Total @entity8 mutase (PGM) activity in serum has been shown to be increased in acute @entity3 with the same time course as @entity4 kinase (CK) activity. However, the increase in the muscle (MM) and in the cardiac (MB) PGM isoenzymes was not as high as expected. The present study was undertaken to characterise PGM inactivation by serum and to compare it with serum CK inactivation. METHODS: The PGM and the CK activities of extracts of @entity0 heart, skeletal muscle, and brain were determined spectrophotometrically after incubation with different media, namely: plasma, whole serum, dialysed serum, heated serum, serum ultrafiltrate, urate solution, and buffer solution. RESULTS: Type MM PGM was inactivated by plasma, whole serum, heated serum, dialysed serum, and serum ultrafiltrate. Inactivation in dialysed serum was reduced by @entity5 and largely reversed by @entity6 agents. Inactivation in serum ultrafiltrate was not prevented by @entity5 and only partially reversed by @entity7 . The muscle and type BB CK isoenzymes were inactivated in all the tested media. The incubation of @entity0 and @entity1 skeletal muscle PGM and CK in urate solution showed that urate does not affect mutase activity under conditions that inactivate CK. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the mechanisms of CK inactivation proposed by others and show that the type M @entity9 subunit is inactivated by two different mechanisms, which appear to involve the thiol groups of the enzyme. One mechanism is caused by either a protein component or a protein bound serum component and involves @entity2 ions and/or another chelatable metal ion. The other mechanism is caused by a lower molecular weight serum component and is metal ion independent.

title: Inactivation of @entity8 mutase and XXXX kinase isoenzymes in human serum.

answer: @entity4