abstract: The @entity9 associated with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) has not been clearly characterized. This study was undertaken to analyze the clinical and radiological findings of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) in 168 @entity0 treated from July 1974 through October 1992. @entity9 occurred in 57 @entity0 (33.9%), either preoperatively (13; 7.7%) or postoperatively (36; 21.4%). In eight @entity0 (4.8%), it occurred pre- and postoperatively. The number of bouts of @entity9 per @entity0 ranged from one to six (mean, 2.2). The major presenting features were @entity7 (83%), explosive @entity2 (69%), @entity4 (51%), @entity1 (34%), lethargy (27%), @entity5 (5%), and @entity6 (2.5%). There were no deaths directly related to @entity9 . The analysis of 150 plain x-rays of the abdomen, taken at the onset of @entity9 or in between bouts, showed that @entity3 was the most sensitive radiological finding (90% sensitivity), but it had poor specificity (24%). However, an intestinal cutoff sign (gaseous intestinal distension with abrupt cutoff at the level of the pelvic brim) was both sensitive (74%) and specific (86%) for @entity9 . Barium enema was of limited value in the diagnosis of @entity9 bouts because most of the radiographic findings persisted for prolonged periods after cessation of such bouts. The authors conclude that (1) @entity9 can be characterized as @entity7 and explosive @entity2 associated with the intestinal cutoff sign and (2) the occurrence of explosive @entity2 in any @entity0 with @entity8 is suggestive of @entity9 , even in the absence of systemic symptoms, and should be treated to avoid the morbidity and potential mortality of @entity9 .

title: Enterocolitis associated with XXXX : a clinical-radiological characterization based on 168 @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The @entity9 associated with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) has not been clearly characterized. This study was undertaken to analyze the clinical and radiological findings of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) in 168 @entity0 treated from July 1974 through October 1992. @entity9 occurred in 57 @entity0 (33.9%), either preoperatively (13; 7.7%) or postoperatively (36; 21.4%). In eight @entity0 (4.8%), it occurred pre- and postoperatively. The number of bouts of @entity9 per @entity0 ranged from one to six (mean, 2.2). The major presenting features were @entity7 (83%), explosive @entity2 (69%), @entity4 (51%), @entity1 (34%), lethargy (27%), @entity5 (5%), and @entity6 (2.5%). There were no deaths directly related to @entity9 . The analysis of 150 plain x-rays of the abdomen, taken at the onset of @entity9 or in between bouts, showed that @entity3 was the most sensitive radiological finding (90% sensitivity), but it had poor specificity (24%). However, an intestinal cutoff sign (gaseous intestinal distension with abrupt cutoff at the level of the pelvic brim) was both sensitive (74%) and specific (86%) for @entity9 . Barium enema was of limited value in the diagnosis of @entity9 bouts because most of the radiographic findings persisted for prolonged periods after cessation of such bouts. The authors conclude that (1) @entity9 can be characterized as @entity7 and explosive @entity2 associated with the intestinal cutoff sign and (2) the occurrence of explosive @entity2 in any @entity0 with @entity8 is suggestive of @entity9 , even in the absence of systemic symptoms, and should be treated to avoid the morbidity and potential mortality of @entity9 .

title: Enterocolitis associated with @entity8 : a clinical-radiological characterization based on 168 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This retrospective population-based survey examined current patterns of care for @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 (rGBM) who had previously undergone surgery and post-operative therapy at original diagnosis. The @entity0 were identified from the Victorian Cancer Registry (VCR) from 2006 to 2008. @entity0 demographics, @entity1 characteristics and oncological management were extracted using a standardised survey by the treating clinicians/VCR staff and results analysed by the VCR. Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival (OS) at diagnosis and progression were calculated. A total of 95 @entity0 (48%) received treatment for first recurrence; craniotomy and post-operative treatment (38), craniotomy only (34) and non-surgical treatment (23). @entity0 receiving treatment at first progression had a higher median OS than those who did not (7 versus 3months, p<0.0001). All @entity0 progressed after treatment for first progression with 43 @entity0 (45%) receiving treatment at second progression. To our knowledge this is the first population-based pattern of care survey of treatment for rGBM in an era where post-operative "Stupp" chemo-radiation is standard. First and second line therapy for rGBM is common and associated with significant benefit. Treatment generally includes re-resection and/or systemic therapy.

title: Recurrent XXXX : Current patterns of care in an Australian population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We have used nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopy to identify the DNA-binding surface of the abundant, small and basic protein Sso7d from the hyperthermophilic archaebacterium @entity3 . The Sso7d protein was previously found to bind strongly to double-stranded DNA sequences and to protect DNA from thermal denaturation, indicating that it might assume a similar function in vivo. Several @entity1 resonances in two-dimensional n.m.r. 1H, @entity4 correlation spectra of @entity4 -enriched Sso7d are shifted and broadened upon addition of small amounts of ten base-pair or 19 base-pair duplex DNA oligomers under conditions where Sso7d-DNA complexes exchange rapidly on the n.m.r. time scale. The locations of the corresponding @entity2 in the Sso7d structure define the surface that interacts with DNA. This surface coincides with a continuous region of strong positive electrostatic potential, which was calculated by means of numerical solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. A model of the non-specific Sso7d-DNA complex is suggested based on the present data and previously obtained evidence that Sso7d interacts with the DNA major groove. The protein-DNA interface consists of a triple-stranded beta-sheet, which interacts with the DNA major groove and a reverse turn connecting the two strands of a double-stranded beta-sheet, which interacts with the minor groove. We note that the five (of 14) @entity0 side-chains that are specifically subjected to N zeta-monomethylation in the cell are located on surfaces of Sso7d that are exposed to the solvent in the proposed Sso7d-DNA complex.

title: DNA-binding surface of the Sso7d protein from XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 19-year-old male was admitted with left lower @entity1 and @entity4 . Excretory urograms showed only a right kidney. V.C.G. showed a @entity5 over the bladder. Computerized tomography revealed a huge retroperitoneal cystic mass located near the bladder. It seemed to be a huge @entity2 , but the diagnosis was not clearly confirmed before operation. Through a lower abdominal midline incision, the cystic mass structure was removed. The specimen was a @entity0 with non-functioning @entity3 . The removed mass was 91 @entity6 78 mm in size, and 120 g in weight. The intrarenal fluid was 350 ml. A brief discussion and review are made. To our knowledge, only 3 such case have been described in the Japanese literature.

title: [A case of XXXX with non-functioning @entity3 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 19-year-old male was admitted with left lower @entity1 and @entity4 . Excretory urograms showed only a right kidney. V.C.G. showed a @entity5 over the bladder. Computerized tomography revealed a huge retroperitoneal cystic mass located near the bladder. It seemed to be a huge @entity2 , but the diagnosis was not clearly confirmed before operation. Through a lower abdominal midline incision, the cystic mass structure was removed. The specimen was a @entity0 with non-functioning @entity3 . The removed mass was 91 @entity6 78 mm in size, and 120 g in weight. The intrarenal fluid was 350 ml. A brief discussion and review are made. To our knowledge, only 3 such case have been described in the Japanese literature.

title: [A case of @entity0 with non-functioning XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the addition of carotid endarterectomy to aggressive medical management can reduce the incidence of @entity5 in @entity0 with asymptomatic @entity6 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, multicenter trial. SETTING: Thirty-nine clinical sites across the United States and Canada. @entity0 : Between December 1987 and December 1993, a total of 1662 @entity0 with asymptomatic @entity6 of 60% or greater reduction in diameter were randomized; follow-up data are available on 1659. At baseline, recognized risk factors for @entity2 were similar between the two treatment groups. INTERVENTION: Daily @entity3 administration and medical risk factor management for all @entity0 ; carotid endarterectomy for @entity0 randomized to receive surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Initially, transient @entity1 attack or @entity5 occurring in the distribution of the study artery and any transient @entity1 attack, @entity2 , or @entity4 occurring in the perioperative period. In March 1993, the primary outcome measures were changed to @entity5 occurring in the distribution of the study artery or any @entity2 or @entity4 occurring in the perioperative period. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 2.7 years, with 4657 @entity0 -years of observation, the aggregate risk over 5 years for @entity2 and any perioperative @entity2 or @entity4 was estimated to be 5.1% for surgical @entity0 and 11.0% for @entity0 treated medically (aggregate risk reduction of 53% [95% confidence interval, 22% to 72%]). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with asymptomatic @entity6 of 60% or greater reduction in diameter and whose general health makes them good candidates for elective surgery will have a reduced 5-year risk of @entity2 if carotid endarterectomy performed with less than 3% perioperative morbidity and mortality is added to aggressive management of modifiable risk factors.

title: Endarterectomy for asymptomatic XXXX . Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study sought to systematically investigate the derivation of late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (late EPC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from umbilical cord blood (UCB) and to examine their therapeutic effects on @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: The expression of angiogenic genes was determined by qRT-PCR. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was induced in @entity0 , and cells were directly transplanted into the border regions of @entity1 heart tissue. RESULTS: Culture of UCB mononuclear cells yielded two distinct types of cells by morphology after 2weeks in the same culture conditions. These cells were identified as late EPC and MSC, and each was intramyocardially injected into @entity0 hearts after induction of @entity3 . Echocardiography and histologic analyses demonstrated that both EPC and MSC improved cardiac function and enhanced vascularization, although @entity2 was reduced only in the EPC transplanted hearts. Different paracrine factors were enriched in EPC and MSC. However, once injected into the hearts, they induced similar types of paracrine factors in the heart. Transplanted EPC or MSC were mostly localized at the perivascular areas. This study demonstrated that EPC and MSC can be simultaneously derived from UCB under the same initial culture conditions, and that common paracrine factors are involved in the repair of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Late EPC and MSC are effective for @entity4 repair, apparently mediated through common humoral mechanisms.

title: Therapeutic effects of late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells or mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood on XXXX repair.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 95 of 1,019 (9.3%) sera with monoclonal immunoglobulins (MIg) were found to have cold-reacting lymphocytotoxins (LCT). There was no difference in the prevalence of LCT in @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity0 , @entity2 or @entity5 . Prevalence of LCT was similar in various classes and types of MIg with the exception of the IgG/lambda group in which LCT were more common than in IgG/K (p = 0.013). IgMs had the most potent whereas IgAs had the weakest LCT activity. MIg were purified from 61 LCT-positive sera. 25 pure MIg (41%) had LCT activity. In the rest, LCT activity resided in other fractions. 64 sera with LCT were tested against B and T cells; 56% were equally cytotoxic to B and T cells, 39% killed more B cells and 5% killed more T cells. 18 purified lymphocytotoxic MIg killed both B and T cells. When serial dilutions of sera, and of purified MIg were tested, in all but one instance the reactivity with the T cells weakened more than that with the B cells. Lymphocytotoxins absorbed to and eluted from the peripheral blood lymphocytes or separately from B or from T cells retained LCT activity against B and T lymphocytes. It may be concluded that about one tenth of sera with M components have lymphocytotoxic activity and that in about 40% of these positive sera, this activity is related to the monoclonal immunoglobulins. LCT react with both B and T cells. Antilymphocyte activity of MIgs may play a role in immunoregulatory abnormalities in @entity1 .

title: Lymphocytotoxic activity of monoclonal immunoglobulins in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Longitudinal evidence concerning the association between @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and blood lipids and between anthropometric parameters (ANTP) and blood lipids is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between changes in @entity2 and ANTP and changes in blood lipids. METHODS: In 2002-2004 and 2012-2014 652 @entity0 were tested. @entity2 was measured as VO2peak using a maximal ergometer test. Waist circumference (WC) and Body Mass Index (BMI) were used as ANTP. Blood samples were analyzed for total @entity1 (TC), HDL @entity1 , LDL @entity1 and @entity3 . A linear regression analysis was performed to investigate associations between changes in @entity2 and ANTP and changes in blood lipids. RESULTS: After adjustment a decrease in @entity2 was associated with an increase in @entity3 and a decrease in HDL @entity1 in @entity0 . An increase in WC was associated with an increase in TC, LDL @entity1 and ratio total/HDL @entity1 and a decrease in HDL @entity1 , while an increase in BMI was associated with an increase in ratio total/HDL @entity1 and a decrease in HDL @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: WC and BMI were more longitudinally associated with blood lipids compared to @entity2 . Improving ANTP can enhance the blood lipid profile, while @entity2 had only limited influence.

title: Longitudinal Study on the Association Between XXXX , Anthropometric Parameters and Blood Lipids.

answer: @entity2


abstract: There have been very few studies on the effect of Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Xuefu Zhuyu decoction in inhibiting apoptosis in @entity0 caused by @entity1 . In this experiment, Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with-Xuefu Zhuyu decoction were used to intervene the miniature @entity4 phlegm and blood stasis type @entity1 model, in order to observe the effect of the combined prescription on the myocardial apoptosis and the expressions of @entity6 , @entity7 , Caspase-3, Caspase-9 in the model. Totally 15 Chinese experimental miniature @entity4 were adopted and randomly divided into the control group, the model group and the phlegm and stasis-treating group. The model group and the stasis-treating group were fed with high fat diets for two weeks, intervened with the @entity3 and then given drugs and high fat diets for eight weeks. The control group was fed with ordinary diets for 10 weeks, without the @entity3 . After the experiment, myocardia at the juncture of infracted areas were collected and made into @entity2 -fixed paraffin sections. The TDT-mediate @entity5 nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect the myocardial apoptosis. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique was applied to detect @entity6 , @entity7 , Caspase-3, Caspase-9 levels in myocardial tissues. According to the findings, the apoptosis indexes (AI) for the control group, the model group and the phlegm and stasis-treating group were 0.92%, 27.68%, 17.28%, respectively. The AI of the phlegm and stasis-treating group was significantly lower than that of the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the phlegm and stasis-treating group showed significantly higher @entity6 protein expression (P < 0.01) and lower @entity7 , Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 protein expressions (P < 0.01). In conclusion, Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Xuefu Zhuyu decoction have a significant protective effect against the myocardial apoptosis in miniature @entity4 phlegm and blood stasis type @entity1 model.

title: [Effect of Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Xuefu Zhuyu decoction on myocardial apoptosis and relevant protein expressions in miniature @entity4 phlegm and blood stasis type XXXX model].

answer: @entity1


abstract: There have been very few studies on the effect of Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Xuefu Zhuyu decoction in inhibiting apoptosis in @entity0 caused by @entity1 . In this experiment, Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with-Xuefu Zhuyu decoction were used to intervene the miniature @entity4 phlegm and blood stasis type @entity1 model, in order to observe the effect of the combined prescription on the myocardial apoptosis and the expressions of @entity6 , @entity7 , Caspase-3, Caspase-9 in the model. Totally 15 Chinese experimental miniature @entity4 were adopted and randomly divided into the control group, the model group and the phlegm and stasis-treating group. The model group and the stasis-treating group were fed with high fat diets for two weeks, intervened with the @entity3 and then given drugs and high fat diets for eight weeks. The control group was fed with ordinary diets for 10 weeks, without the @entity3 . After the experiment, myocardia at the juncture of infracted areas were collected and made into @entity2 -fixed paraffin sections. The TDT-mediate @entity5 nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect the myocardial apoptosis. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique was applied to detect @entity6 , @entity7 , Caspase-3, Caspase-9 levels in myocardial tissues. According to the findings, the apoptosis indexes (AI) for the control group, the model group and the phlegm and stasis-treating group were 0.92%, 27.68%, 17.28%, respectively. The AI of the phlegm and stasis-treating group was significantly lower than that of the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the phlegm and stasis-treating group showed significantly higher @entity6 protein expression (P < 0.01) and lower @entity7 , Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 protein expressions (P < 0.01). In conclusion, Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Xuefu Zhuyu decoction have a significant protective effect against the myocardial apoptosis in miniature @entity4 phlegm and blood stasis type @entity1 model.

title: [Effect of Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Xuefu Zhuyu decoction on myocardial apoptosis and relevant protein expressions in miniature XXXX phlegm and blood stasis type @entity1 model].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The efficacy of Chinese herbal formula in treating @entity1 has been proved in many studies. In this study, six different Kaixin San formulas were compared to investigate their effects on central monoamine neurotransmitters of chronic stress @entity0 and against @entity1 based on their different components in plasma, in order to discuss the efficacy-comparability relationship and the possible efficacy mechanism. The classic isolation method and the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) @entity1 model were combined to investigate the changes in contents in hippocampus and monoamine neurotransmitters (NE, DA, @entity2 ) and the components of some formulas in plasma with HPLC and UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE methods. As a result, Dingzhi Xiaowan recorded in Essential Recipes for Emergent Use Worth A Thousand significantly increased the behavioral scores, NE and @entity2 contents in hippocampus and NE, DA and @entity2 contents in cortex, with the best anti-depressant effect. Dingzhi Xiaowan recorded in Complete Records of Ancient and Modern Medical Works showed a notable increase in @entity3 preference and open field score in model @entity0 , NE content in hippocampus and NE, DA and @entity2 contents in cortex, with a certain anti anti-depressant effect. Kaixin San recorded in Ishinpo showed remarkable rise in weight of model @entity0 . NE content in hippocampus and DA content in cortex. Puxin Decoction recorded in A Supplement to Recipes Worth A Thousand Gold showed @entity2 content in hippocampus and DA content in cortex. Kaixin San recorded in Yimenfang only showed DA content in cortex. Kaixin Wan recorded in Essential Recipes for Emergent Use Worth A Thousand did not mention the antidepressant effect. According to the results, the formulas' different anti-depressant effects may be related to the different plasma components.

title: [Effects of Kaixin San formulas on behavioristics and central monoamine neurotransmitters of chronic stress XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity9 ( @entity8 ) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of @entity0 periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: An enzymatic digestion block was used in vitro to culture hPDLSCs, which were separated and purified by limited dilution cloning. The hPDLSCs were identified using cell-surface markers and cocultured with 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 @entity8 solution. The proliferation ability of these cells was determined by @entity7 ( @entity2 ) assay. After staining with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), osteogenesis was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Osteoblast-related genes were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. @entity4 staining was performed to measure the level of @entity3 deposition. The hPDLSCs were cocultured with 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 @entity8 and nano- @entity6 scaffolds in vivo before transplantation into subcutaneous tissues of @entity1 . Osteogenic abilities were histochemically analyzed after 30 days of induction. RESULTS: The hPDLSCs were affected by 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 @entity8 , and @entity2 assay showed that the proliferation of the groups treated with @entity8 in vitro was better than that of the control groups on the second day. The @entity5 activity of the treated hPDLSCs was significantly enhanced after cell culture for 3, 5, and 7 days. The gene expression of osteoblastic markers was also significantly enhanced after 7 days. The deposition of mineralization after incubation with 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 @entity8 increased compared with the control after cell culture for 14, 21, and 28 days. Furthermore, the bone expression of the treatment groups in vivo was significantly enhanced compared with that of the control groups. CONCLUSION: Treatment with 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 @entity8 can significantly promote proliferation and differentiation of hPDLSCs in vitro and in vivo. @entity8 can effectively function as a bioactive growth factor in periodontal tissue engineering to replace traditional growth factors.

title: [Effects of XXXX promotion on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of @entity0 periodontal ligament stem cells].

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity9 ( @entity8 ) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of @entity0 periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: An enzymatic digestion block was used in vitro to culture hPDLSCs, which were separated and purified by limited dilution cloning. The hPDLSCs were identified using cell-surface markers and cocultured with 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 @entity8 solution. The proliferation ability of these cells was determined by @entity7 ( @entity2 ) assay. After staining with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), osteogenesis was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Osteoblast-related genes were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. @entity4 staining was performed to measure the level of @entity3 deposition. The hPDLSCs were cocultured with 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 @entity8 and nano- @entity6 scaffolds in vivo before transplantation into subcutaneous tissues of @entity1 . Osteogenic abilities were histochemically analyzed after 30 days of induction. RESULTS: The hPDLSCs were affected by 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 @entity8 , and @entity2 assay showed that the proliferation of the groups treated with @entity8 in vitro was better than that of the control groups on the second day. The @entity5 activity of the treated hPDLSCs was significantly enhanced after cell culture for 3, 5, and 7 days. The gene expression of osteoblastic markers was also significantly enhanced after 7 days. The deposition of mineralization after incubation with 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 @entity8 increased compared with the control after cell culture for 14, 21, and 28 days. Furthermore, the bone expression of the treatment groups in vivo was significantly enhanced compared with that of the control groups. CONCLUSION: Treatment with 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 @entity8 can significantly promote proliferation and differentiation of hPDLSCs in vitro and in vivo. @entity8 can effectively function as a bioactive growth factor in periodontal tissue engineering to replace traditional growth factors.

title: [Effects of @entity9 promotion on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of XXXX periodontal ligament stem cells].

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dorsal striatum has been shown to contribute to @entity7 and memory, but the role of striatal subregions in this important aspect of cognitive functioning remains unclear. Moreover, the spatial-cognitive mechanisms that underlie the involvement of these regions in spatial navigation have scarcely been studied. We therefore compared @entity7 and memory performance in @entity1 with lesions in dorsomedial (DMS) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS) using the hidden-platform version of the Morris water maze (MWM) task. Compared to sham-operated controls, animals with @entity0 were impaired during MWM acquisition training. These @entity1 displayed delayed @entity7 , increased thigmotaxis, and increased search distance to the platform, in the absence of major @entity2 , working @entity6 or changes in @entity4 or exploration. They failed to show a preference for the target quadrant during probe trials, which further indicates that @entity6 was impaired in these animals. Search strategy analysis moreover demonstrated that DMS-lesioned @entity1 were unable to deploy cognitively advanced spatial search strategies. Conversely, MWM performance was barely affected in animals with lesions in DLS. In conclusion, our results indicate that DMS and DLS display differential functional involvement in @entity7 and memory. Our results show that DMS, but not DLS, is crucial for the ability of @entity1 to acquire spatial information and their subsequent deployment of spatial search strategies. These data clearly identify DMS as a crucial brain structure for @entity7 and memory, which could explain the occurrence of @entity5 in @entity3 that affect the dorsal striatum.

title: Inability to acquire spatial information and deploy spatial search strategies in XXXX with lesions in dorsomedial striatum.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous @entity2 associated with @entity7 is a rare but life-threatening situation. Several different surgical treatments have been described, depending on the severity of the @entity4 . Liver transplantation has become the mainstay for @entity0 with @entity8 . Transplantation in the setting of liver @entity3 or massive parenchymal disruption is not well defined. To our knowledge, this treatment has not been reported for spontaneous @entity2 in pregnancy. CASE: Massive, spontaneous @entity2 occurred in a @entity0 at 36 weeks' gestation as a result of severe @entity7 . Conventional surgical therapies were unsuccessful in controlling the @entity5 . As a life-saving measure, the @entity0 underwent total hepatectomy with the creation of an end-to-side portcaval shunt, thereby rendering the @entity0 anhepatic. The @entity0 was listed as urgently needing a liver for transplantation through the United Network for Organ Sharing. A suitable donor liver was located approximately 8 hours after the emergency hepatectomy. The @entity0 underwent orthotopic liver transplantation after being maintained in an anhepatic state for almost 13 hours. The @entity0 was discharged on postoperative day 41, suffering only from some @entity1 secondary to hypovolemic @entity6 occurring during the hepatectomy procedure. CONCLUSION: In the reported case, spontaneous @entity2 resulted in a @entity5 that could not be controlled by previously reported techniques and required total hepatectomy followed by liver transplantation.

title: Liver transplant after massive spontaneous XXXX in pregnancy complicated by @entity7 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous @entity2 associated with @entity7 is a rare but life-threatening situation. Several different surgical treatments have been described, depending on the severity of the @entity4 . Liver transplantation has become the mainstay for @entity0 with @entity8 . Transplantation in the setting of liver @entity3 or massive parenchymal disruption is not well defined. To our knowledge, this treatment has not been reported for spontaneous @entity2 in pregnancy. CASE: Massive, spontaneous @entity2 occurred in a @entity0 at 36 weeks' gestation as a result of severe @entity7 . Conventional surgical therapies were unsuccessful in controlling the @entity5 . As a life-saving measure, the @entity0 underwent total hepatectomy with the creation of an end-to-side portcaval shunt, thereby rendering the @entity0 anhepatic. The @entity0 was listed as urgently needing a liver for transplantation through the United Network for Organ Sharing. A suitable donor liver was located approximately 8 hours after the emergency hepatectomy. The @entity0 underwent orthotopic liver transplantation after being maintained in an anhepatic state for almost 13 hours. The @entity0 was discharged on postoperative day 41, suffering only from some @entity1 secondary to hypovolemic @entity6 occurring during the hepatectomy procedure. CONCLUSION: In the reported case, spontaneous @entity2 resulted in a @entity5 that could not be controlled by previously reported techniques and required total hepatectomy followed by liver transplantation.

title: Liver transplant after massive spontaneous @entity2 in pregnancy complicated by XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: In the neonate, @entity6 is believed to be related to @entity5 . Yet, in our experience, this sign is much more often observed in association with subacute @entity2 ( @entity2 ), without @entity1 . Sixty premature neonates were prospectively studied. The observations of transfontanellar sonograms ( @entity3 , ependymal echogenicity, and @entity4 ) were correlated with the results of MRI, lumbar punctures and clinical work-up. @entity3 was detected in 28 @entity0 , and @entity6 was observed in 21 of them, all of whom had @entity2 . In 9 of these 21 @entity0 @entity2 was diagnosed retrospectively thanks to the visualization of the hyperechoic ependyma. In all but one, this sign persisted for at least 2 months after disappearance of other signs of @entity2 . MRI demonstrated the presence of hemosiderin and ferritin in ependymal or subependymal location only in @entity0 with hyperechoic ependyma. One of our @entity0 had in utero diagnosis of @entity2 owing to the visualization of the same hyperechoic aspect of the ependyma. Nine of the neonates with hyperechoic ependyma developed @entity4 , and three underwent surgery. Hyperechoic thickening of the ependyma in prematures often results from a subacute @entity2 . It is related to hemoglobin catabolites which can be detected by MRI. It does not require immediate potentially harmful diagnostic punctures. The presence of this hyperechoic rim allows a retrospective diagnosis of @entity2 and indicates a clinical and sonographic follow-up in newborns at risk for secondary @entity4 .

title: XXXX : sonographic demonstration and significance in neonates.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a common condition but the underlying etiology is not understood. Episodic @entity4 may develop into chronic @entity4 , and some possible triggers may be involved in generation and maintenance. Nociceptive generators and hyperexcitable @entity2 in neck and shoulder regions may to some degree contribute to @entity4 . The current paper highlights some of the possible triggers and associated @entity0 mechanisms involved in @entity4 and discusses if inhibition of these possible triggers may provide new treatment options. RESULTS: This paper presents possible pathophysiological factors in @entity4 , the role of @entity1 and how referred @entity0 from triggers can contribute to development and/or maintenance of sensitization. @entity0 patterns from trigger points and associated @entity3 seem to be clinically important factors. Damping the nociceptive peripheral drive may not only reduce the number of @entity4 attacks but may also prevent/delay the transition from episodic into more chronic @entity4 . The role of muscle triggers in driving @entity4 is debated as the pathogenesis of such triggers is not fully understood. Furthermore, inhibiting the drive from the triggers does not consistently modulate @entity4 . DISCUSSION: Understanding the possible triggers in @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity0 sensitization, may help to develop better management regimes and possibly prevent @entity4 from developing into more chronic conditions. Currently, there is a striking difference between the clinical observational studies favoring the role of muscle triggers in @entity4 and the intervention studies generally not supporting the role of muscle triggers in @entity4 .

title: Muscle Triggers as a Possible Source of XXXX in a Sub-group of Tension Type Headache Patients?

answer: @entity0


abstract: By analyzing serial step-sections of whole prostate obtained at autopsy, we determined the chronologic change of the frequency of latent @entity2 in Japan in two periods: 1965-1979 and 1982-1986. Methods of specimen preparation and examination were identical for both periods. The frequency with which @entity2 was found in the 660 samples for 1982-1986 was 34.6% and was significantly higher than the 22.5% seen in the 576 observed for 1965-1979 (P less than .0001). This significant finding can be attributed to an increase in the frequency of @entity0 ( @entity0 ). However, the increase in the frequency of noninfiltrative @entity0 (LNT) was less significant (P = .045). Both sets of specimens were subsequently combined and reanalyzed according to the year of birth of the decedents. The @entity0 has progressively increased in frequency in each age-specific category. By morphometry, we determined that the mean @entity0 volume decreased due to an increase in the number of smaller @entity0 during the study periods. Although the frequency of @entity2 and the @entity0 :LNT in the samples obtained most recently were comparable to those of U. @entity3 , @entity0 incidence and mortality rates remain lower in Japan. Apparently, the initial step in the induction of @entity2 in indigenous Japanese is now similar to that in U. @entity3 . The rates of clinical @entity1 in Japan are still low when compared with those in the United States and countries in Western Europe, but our findings may presage a time when these differences may be greatly reduced or nonexistent.

title: Trends in frequency of XXXX in Japan from 1965-1979 to 1982-1986.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of our study was to determine the effect of an electric field (EF) on the life-span of @entity1 . Male and female @entity1 were paired and separated into two experimental groups: EF exposed and controls. The exposed @entity1 were subjected to a 50 Hz, 10 kV/m electric field for 20 h/day. Offspring from both groups were identified as generation one and allowed to live for 18 months. Offspring from generation one were identified as generation two and allowed to die naturally. The age at which @entity2 occurred in both groups was recorded and post mortem examinations were performed. The obtained results were statistically analyzed by means of the chi-squared test. A statistically significant higher incidence of @entity2 before 18 months occurred in the first generation of the exposed group. The second generation of the exposed group showed a higher incidence of @entity2 at an earlier age. No increased incidence of @entity0 nor any single specific cause of @entity2 was disclosed in the exposed animals. The results of this study indicate that continuous long-term exposure to a 10 kV/m electric field may shorten life-expectancy.

title: Long term effects of a 50 Hz electric field on the life-expectancy of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study sets out to investigate vehicles' crash protectiveness on @entity3 and @entity0 , which can be deemed as an extension of the traditional crash worthiness. A Bayesian bivariate hierarchical ordered logistic (BVHOL) model is developed to estimate the occupant protectiveness (OP) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of 23 major car brands in Florida, with considering vehicles' @entity2 and controlling external factors. The proposed model not only takes over the strength of the existing hierarchical ordered logistic (HOL) model, i.e. specifying the order characteristics of crash outcomes and cross-crash heterogeneities, but also accounts for the correlation between the two crash responses, @entity1 and @entity0 . A total of 7335 two-vehicle-crash records with 14,670 cars involved in Florida are used for the investigation. From the estimation results, it's found that most of the luxury cars such as Cadillac, Volvo and Lexus possess excellent OP and @entity4 while some brands such as KIA and Saturn perform very badly in both aspects. The ranks of the estimated safety performance indices are even compared to the counterparts in Huang et al. study [Huang, H., Hu, S., Abdel-Aty, M., 2014. Indexing crash worthiness and @entity2 by major car brands. Safety Science 62, 339-347]. The results show that the rank of occupant protectiveness index (OPI) is relatively coherent with that of crash worthiness index, but the ranks of @entity2 index in both studies is more different from each other. Meanwhile, a great discrepancy between the OPI rank and that of @entity4 index is found. What's more, the results of control variables and hyper-parameters estimation as well as comparison to HOL models with separate or identical threshold errors, demonstrate the validity and advancement of the proposed model and the robustness of the estimated OP and @entity4 .

title: Crash protectiveness to @entity3 and XXXX : An investigation on major car brands.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study sets out to investigate vehicles' crash protectiveness on @entity3 and @entity0 , which can be deemed as an extension of the traditional crash worthiness. A Bayesian bivariate hierarchical ordered logistic (BVHOL) model is developed to estimate the occupant protectiveness (OP) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of 23 major car brands in Florida, with considering vehicles' @entity2 and controlling external factors. The proposed model not only takes over the strength of the existing hierarchical ordered logistic (HOL) model, i.e. specifying the order characteristics of crash outcomes and cross-crash heterogeneities, but also accounts for the correlation between the two crash responses, @entity1 and @entity0 . A total of 7335 two-vehicle-crash records with 14,670 cars involved in Florida are used for the investigation. From the estimation results, it's found that most of the luxury cars such as Cadillac, Volvo and Lexus possess excellent OP and @entity4 while some brands such as KIA and Saturn perform very badly in both aspects. The ranks of the estimated safety performance indices are even compared to the counterparts in Huang et al. study [Huang, H., Hu, S., Abdel-Aty, M., 2014. Indexing crash worthiness and @entity2 by major car brands. Safety Science 62, 339-347]. The results show that the rank of occupant protectiveness index (OPI) is relatively coherent with that of crash worthiness index, but the ranks of @entity2 index in both studies is more different from each other. Meanwhile, a great discrepancy between the OPI rank and that of @entity4 index is found. What's more, the results of control variables and hyper-parameters estimation as well as comparison to HOL models with separate or identical threshold errors, demonstrate the validity and advancement of the proposed model and the robustness of the estimated OP and @entity4 .

title: Crash protectiveness to XXXX and @entity0 : An investigation on major car brands.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the expressions of @entity5 in @entity0 at mRNA level. METHODS: Using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR), the expressions of @entity5 in 35 @entity0 samples and non-tumorous lung tissues were examined. RESULTS: Of the 35 @entity2 samples, the @entity5 were expressed at mRNA level in 22.9% (8/35), 62.9% (22/35), 37.1% (13/35) and 77.1% (27/35) respectively. At least one of these genes was expressed in 85.7% (30/35) of the samples. Two or more of these genes were expressed in 71.4% (25/35) of the samples. None of the non-tumorous lung tissue was positive for these genes. No significant difference of the frequency of MAGE gene expression was found between @entity3 and @entity4 , between different @entity2 stages, and between groups with or without lymph node @entity1 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 are expressed at a high percentage in @entity0 . All of these genes are negative in the adjacent non tumorous lung tissue. These results indicate the possibility of a future specific immunotherapy for @entity0 based on these MAGE antigens.

title: [mRNA expressions of MAGE genes in human XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Atlanto-occipital dislocation is a devastating @entity4 that most often turns fatal. However, because of on-site resuscitation improvements, the emergency teams are increasingly dealing with this condition. We report a rare case of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in a surviving @entity0 with more than one-year follow-up. The mechanism of injury appears to be an extreme hyperextension applied to the head. This injury occurs more frequently in @entity0 since they are anatomically predisposed (flat articulation between the occiput and the atlas, @entity6 ). The diagnosis should be suggested by severe @entity1 after high trauma but also post-traumatic @entity2 . There have been reports of atlanto-occipital dilocations without @entity1 . A radiographic examination must be performed and lateral cervical radiographs should be acquired. However, additional imaging with CT or MRI may be required to aid diagnosis of @entity5 in cases in which radiographic findings are equivocal. Once the diagnosis of @entity5 has been confirmed, an anatomical classification should be made according to the magnitude of displacement. @entity3 are of neurological and vascular origin and some authors advocate the systematic use of angiography. Consensus regarding the management of @entity5 in adults has been achieved. Occipito-cervical arthrodesis is the recommended treatment option. We advocate a two-stage surgery: the @entity0 is initially fitted with a halo vest then occipitocervical fusion is performed. Surgical treatment should be combined with cardiorespiratory management. The emergency teams should get familiar with this injury since they will be increasingly confronted to it. Early recognition and standard appropriate management is essential to avoid delayed treatment and complications.

title: Survivor of a XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: In @entity3 ( @entity3 ), abnormal myocyte @entity0 handling has been implicated in @entity4 and @entity2 . In the present study, we investigated the relationships between @entity0 handling, reduced myocyte contractility, and enhanced arrhythmogenesis during @entity3 progression in a @entity1 model of non-ischaemic @entity3 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Key @entity0 handling parameters were determined by measuring cytosolic and intra-sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) [ @entity0 ] in isolated ventricular myocytes at different stages of @entity3 . The progression of @entity3 was associated with an early and continuous increase in @entity6 receptor ( @entity7 )-mediated SR @entity0 leak. The increase in @entity7 activity was paralleled by an increase in the frequency of diastolic spontaneous @entity0 waves (SCWs) in @entity3 myocytes under conditions of b-adrenergic stimulation. In addition to causing arrhythmogenic-delayed afterdepolarizations, SCWs decreased the amplitude of subsequent electrically evoked @entity0 transients by depleting SR @entity0 . At late stages of @entity3 , @entity0 release oscillated essentially independent of electrical pacing. The increased propensity for the generation of SCWs in @entity3 myocytes was attributable to reduced ability of the @entity7 channels to become refractory following @entity0 release. The progressive alterations in @entity7 function and @entity0 cycling in @entity3 myocytes were associated with sequential modifications of @entity7 by CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation and @entity5 oxidation. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that destabilized @entity7 activity due to excessive CaMKII phopshorylation and oxidation resulting in impaired post-release refractoriness is a common mechanism involved in arrhythmogenesis and @entity2 in the failing heart.

title: The relationship between arrhythmogenesis and impaired contractility in @entity3 : role of altered XXXX receptor function.

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIMS: In @entity3 ( @entity3 ), abnormal myocyte @entity0 handling has been implicated in @entity4 and @entity2 . In the present study, we investigated the relationships between @entity0 handling, reduced myocyte contractility, and enhanced arrhythmogenesis during @entity3 progression in a @entity1 model of non-ischaemic @entity3 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Key @entity0 handling parameters were determined by measuring cytosolic and intra-sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) [ @entity0 ] in isolated ventricular myocytes at different stages of @entity3 . The progression of @entity3 was associated with an early and continuous increase in @entity6 receptor ( @entity7 )-mediated SR @entity0 leak. The increase in @entity7 activity was paralleled by an increase in the frequency of diastolic spontaneous @entity0 waves (SCWs) in @entity3 myocytes under conditions of b-adrenergic stimulation. In addition to causing arrhythmogenic-delayed afterdepolarizations, SCWs decreased the amplitude of subsequent electrically evoked @entity0 transients by depleting SR @entity0 . At late stages of @entity3 , @entity0 release oscillated essentially independent of electrical pacing. The increased propensity for the generation of SCWs in @entity3 myocytes was attributable to reduced ability of the @entity7 channels to become refractory following @entity0 release. The progressive alterations in @entity7 function and @entity0 cycling in @entity3 myocytes were associated with sequential modifications of @entity7 by CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation and @entity5 oxidation. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that destabilized @entity7 activity due to excessive CaMKII phopshorylation and oxidation resulting in impaired post-release refractoriness is a common mechanism involved in arrhythmogenesis and @entity2 in the failing heart.

title: The relationship between arrhythmogenesis and impaired contractility in XXXX : role of altered @entity6 receptor function.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A retrospective study was designed to define the independent determinants of late results in 282 consecutive @entity0 operated on for @entity7 between 1978 and 1985. A total of 25 variables were investigated by multivariate discriminant analysis for their possible influence on symptomatic outcome, subsequent reoperation, postoperative @entity6 , and @entity1 . All the @entity0 underwent a conservative mitral valve operation. In addition, 25 @entity0 required concomitant tricuspid annuloplasty. The surgical mortality rate was 1.4% and the late mortality, reoperation, and @entity6 rates were, respectively, 0.14%, 0.80%, and 0.95%/pt-yr. Actuarial probability of complication-free survival at 8 years was 83% +/- 3.7%. Left atrial size on the M-mode echocardiograms, tricuspid annuloplasty, mitral annuloplasty, presence of left @entity3 , male gender, and separation of @entity8 portended a significantly higher likelihood of poor postoperative symptomatic status (p less than 0.0005). Preoperative mild @entity2 , E to F slope on the M-mode echocardiogram, and tricuspid annuloplasty had significant influence on the need for late reoperation (p less than 0.05). Postoperative @entity5 , mitral valve amplitude on the M-mode echocardiogram, preoperative @entity4 , and residual @entity2 had an independent predictive power for postoperative @entity6 (p less than 0.05). Finally, preoperative @entity5 , preoperative cardiothoracic ratio, postoperative left atrial size, and postoperative @entity5 all influenced the probability of long-term complications. These results suggest that earlier operation should be considered in @entity0 with @entity7 , to increase the complication-free survival rate.

title: Conservative operation for XXXX . Independent determinants of late results.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Cineangiograms of 172 @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity5 were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed retrospectively. FINDINGS: Twenty-eight (16%) @entity0 had congenital absence of the central and unbranched hilar portions of the left or right pulmonary artery or both, and thus had congenitally nonconfluent @entity2 . Five additional @entity0 (3%) with originally confluent @entity2 had nonconfluent ones because of an end-to-end surgical shunt, as did seven others (4%) because of @entity3 of one pulmonary artery. Among the 132 @entity0 with confluent right and left @entity2 , 70 (53% of 132) had incomplete arborization (distribution) of one or both, as did 23 (82% of 28) of those with congenitally nonconfluent @entity2 (P for difference = 0.005). Ten (36% of 28) of the latter group had fewer than 10 pulmonary vascular segments (normal is 20) in continuity with central @entity2 , compared with four (3%) of the former group. The proximal left and right @entity2 were small but variable in size in all groups (median value 1.05 McGoon ratio), but were largest in the @entity0 with confluent @entity2 . Seventy-nine (60% of 132) @entity0 with confluent left and right @entity2 had large aortopulmonary collateral arteries, as did 100% of those with congenitally nonconfluent @entity2 (P less than 0.001). The number of large aortopulmonary collateral arteries correlated inversely with the completeness of arborization of the left and right @entity2 (P less than 0.0001). Inferences: Most @entity0 with tetralogy and @entity5 have gross morphologic @entity2 and differ quantitatively in this regard from those with tetralogy and @entity4 . The prevalences of the various types of these abnormalities are considerably interrelated.

title: The structure of the pulmonary circulation in XXXX with @entity5 . A quantitative cineangiographic study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cineangiograms of 172 @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity5 were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed retrospectively. FINDINGS: Twenty-eight (16%) @entity0 had congenital absence of the central and unbranched hilar portions of the left or right pulmonary artery or both, and thus had congenitally nonconfluent @entity2 . Five additional @entity0 (3%) with originally confluent @entity2 had nonconfluent ones because of an end-to-end surgical shunt, as did seven others (4%) because of @entity3 of one pulmonary artery. Among the 132 @entity0 with confluent right and left @entity2 , 70 (53% of 132) had incomplete arborization (distribution) of one or both, as did 23 (82% of 28) of those with congenitally nonconfluent @entity2 (P for difference = 0.005). Ten (36% of 28) of the latter group had fewer than 10 pulmonary vascular segments (normal is 20) in continuity with central @entity2 , compared with four (3%) of the former group. The proximal left and right @entity2 were small but variable in size in all groups (median value 1.05 McGoon ratio), but were largest in the @entity0 with confluent @entity2 . Seventy-nine (60% of 132) @entity0 with confluent left and right @entity2 had large aortopulmonary collateral arteries, as did 100% of those with congenitally nonconfluent @entity2 (P less than 0.001). The number of large aortopulmonary collateral arteries correlated inversely with the completeness of arborization of the left and right @entity2 (P less than 0.0001). Inferences: Most @entity0 with tetralogy and @entity5 have gross morphologic @entity2 and differ quantitatively in this regard from those with tetralogy and @entity4 . The prevalences of the various types of these abnormalities are considerably interrelated.

title: The structure of the pulmonary circulation in @entity1 with XXXX . A quantitative cineangiographic study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity3 exhibit greater oxyhemoglobin desaturation during walking than with cycling. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate differences in ventilatory responses and gas exchange as proposed mechanisms for this observation. METHODS: Arterial blood gas and @entity2 levels were measured in 12 @entity0 with @entity3 (aged 68    6 years) during incremental treadmill and cycle exercise. The primary outcome to assess the ventilatory response to exercise was @entity4   . The primary outcome to assess impairment in exercise gas exchange was the difference between partial pressures of alveolar and arterial @entity1 ( @entity4    - @entity4   ). RESULTS: @entity4    in @entity0 was significantly lower at peak exercise for treadmill walking (51.4    6.8 mm Hg) compared with cycling (60.4    10.7 mm Hg) (P = .002). The initial increase in @entity4    with cycling occurred prior to the onset of the anaerobic threshold. At peak exercise, @entity4    was significantly higher with cycling compared with walking (P = .004). The anaerobic threshold occurred at a lower @entity1 consumption during cycling than walking (P = .001), and peak @entity2 levels were higher with cycling (P = .019). With progressive exercise, @entity4    - @entity4    increased similarly during treadmill and cycle exercise. CONCLUSIONS: The higher @entity4    during cycling minimized the magnitude of oxyhemoglobin desaturation compared with walking. The enhanced respiratory stimulation during cycling appears due to an initial neurogenic process, possibly originating in receptors of exercising muscles, and a subsequent earlier onset of anaerobic metabolism with higher @entity2 levels during cycling.

title: Mechanism of greater XXXX desaturation during walking compared with cycling in @entity0 with @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity3 exhibit greater oxyhemoglobin desaturation during walking than with cycling. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate differences in ventilatory responses and gas exchange as proposed mechanisms for this observation. METHODS: Arterial blood gas and @entity2 levels were measured in 12 @entity0 with @entity3 (aged 68    6 years) during incremental treadmill and cycle exercise. The primary outcome to assess the ventilatory response to exercise was @entity4   . The primary outcome to assess impairment in exercise gas exchange was the difference between partial pressures of alveolar and arterial @entity1 ( @entity4    - @entity4   ). RESULTS: @entity4    in @entity0 was significantly lower at peak exercise for treadmill walking (51.4    6.8 mm Hg) compared with cycling (60.4    10.7 mm Hg) (P = .002). The initial increase in @entity4    with cycling occurred prior to the onset of the anaerobic threshold. At peak exercise, @entity4    was significantly higher with cycling compared with walking (P = .004). The anaerobic threshold occurred at a lower @entity1 consumption during cycling than walking (P = .001), and peak @entity2 levels were higher with cycling (P = .019). With progressive exercise, @entity4    - @entity4    increased similarly during treadmill and cycle exercise. CONCLUSIONS: The higher @entity4    during cycling minimized the magnitude of oxyhemoglobin desaturation compared with walking. The enhanced respiratory stimulation during cycling appears due to an initial neurogenic process, possibly originating in receptors of exercising muscles, and a subsequent earlier onset of anaerobic metabolism with higher @entity2 levels during cycling.

title: Mechanism of greater @entity1 desaturation during walking compared with cycling in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity3 exhibit greater oxyhemoglobin desaturation during walking than with cycling. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate differences in ventilatory responses and gas exchange as proposed mechanisms for this observation. METHODS: Arterial blood gas and @entity2 levels were measured in 12 @entity0 with @entity3 (aged 68    6 years) during incremental treadmill and cycle exercise. The primary outcome to assess the ventilatory response to exercise was @entity4   . The primary outcome to assess impairment in exercise gas exchange was the difference between partial pressures of alveolar and arterial @entity1 ( @entity4    - @entity4   ). RESULTS: @entity4    in @entity0 was significantly lower at peak exercise for treadmill walking (51.4    6.8 mm Hg) compared with cycling (60.4    10.7 mm Hg) (P = .002). The initial increase in @entity4    with cycling occurred prior to the onset of the anaerobic threshold. At peak exercise, @entity4    was significantly higher with cycling compared with walking (P = .004). The anaerobic threshold occurred at a lower @entity1 consumption during cycling than walking (P = .001), and peak @entity2 levels were higher with cycling (P = .019). With progressive exercise, @entity4    - @entity4    increased similarly during treadmill and cycle exercise. CONCLUSIONS: The higher @entity4    during cycling minimized the magnitude of oxyhemoglobin desaturation compared with walking. The enhanced respiratory stimulation during cycling appears due to an initial neurogenic process, possibly originating in receptors of exercising muscles, and a subsequent earlier onset of anaerobic metabolism with higher @entity2 levels during cycling.

title: Mechanism of greater @entity1 desaturation during walking compared with cycling in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Forty-nine bile duct injuries, representing 0.8 per cent of 6076 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed in the Netherlands in 1990-1992, were reviewed. The aim of the study was to classify the injuries according to severity, to identify possible risk factors contributing to the aetiology of such injuries and to correlate these with the severity of the injury. On the basis of operative findings, bile duct injuries were classified from minor (classes I-IIIa) to extensive with loss of bile duct tissue (IIIb) or localization in the liver hilum (IV). Of 49 injuries, there were 11 in class I, six in class II, ten in class IIIa, 18 in class IIIb and four in class IV. In 16 @entity0 the injury was detected during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the procedure converted to laparotomy. The duct injury was minor (class I-IIIa) in 14 of these 16 @entity0 . In 20 of the 33 @entity0 in whom identification of the injury was delayed to a second or third operation, more severe types of injury (classes IIIb and IV) were observed. Delayed detection was associated with greater severity (P = 0.002). Of eight @entity0 with histologically proven acute @entity3 at cholecystectomy, seven suffered @entity1 (class IIIb or IV). Surgical experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy was an important factor in the incidence of @entity2 .

title: Risk factors for XXXX in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: analysis of 49 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Deep trophoblast invasion in the placental bed has been considered the hallmark of @entity0 pregnancy. It occurs by two routes, interstitial and endovascular, and results in transformation of the walls of the spiral arteries as they traverse the decidua and the inner third of the myometrium. Disturbances in this process are associated with @entity1 such @entity3 . In contrast, trophoblast invasion in Old World monkeys occurs only by the endovascular route and seldom reaches the myometrium. Recently, it was shown that this pattern is maintained in gibbons, but that the @entity0 arrangement also occurs in @entity2 and @entity7 . There is an interesting parallel with results from placental immunology regarding the evolution of the major histocompatability complex class I antigen @entity8 and its cognate receptors. @entity8 is not present in Old World monkeys or gibbons. It emerged in the @entity6 and became polymorphic in the lineage leading to @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity2 , and @entity0 . Interaction between HLA-C1 and HLA-C2 on the surface of trophoblast and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) expressed by uterine natural killer cells are important regulators of trophoblast invasion. Evolution of this system in great apes may have been one prerequisite for deep trophoblast invasion but seems to have come at a price. The evidence now suggests that certain combinations of maternal genotype for KIRs and fetal genotype for @entity8 imply an increased risk of @entity3 , @entity4 , and recurrent abortion. The fetal genotype is in part derived from the father providing an explanation for the paternal contribution to @entity1 .

title: Comparative studies of placentation and immunology in non- XXXX primates suggest a scenario for the evolution of deep trophoblast invasion and an explanation for @entity0 pregnancy disorders.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Deep trophoblast invasion in the placental bed has been considered the hallmark of @entity0 pregnancy. It occurs by two routes, interstitial and endovascular, and results in transformation of the walls of the spiral arteries as they traverse the decidua and the inner third of the myometrium. Disturbances in this process are associated with @entity1 such @entity3 . In contrast, trophoblast invasion in Old World monkeys occurs only by the endovascular route and seldom reaches the myometrium. Recently, it was shown that this pattern is maintained in gibbons, but that the @entity0 arrangement also occurs in @entity2 and @entity7 . There is an interesting parallel with results from placental immunology regarding the evolution of the major histocompatability complex class I antigen @entity8 and its cognate receptors. @entity8 is not present in Old World monkeys or gibbons. It emerged in the @entity6 and became polymorphic in the lineage leading to @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity2 , and @entity0 . Interaction between HLA-C1 and HLA-C2 on the surface of trophoblast and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) expressed by uterine natural killer cells are important regulators of trophoblast invasion. Evolution of this system in great apes may have been one prerequisite for deep trophoblast invasion but seems to have come at a price. The evidence now suggests that certain combinations of maternal genotype for KIRs and fetal genotype for @entity8 imply an increased risk of @entity3 , @entity4 , and recurrent abortion. The fetal genotype is in part derived from the father providing an explanation for the paternal contribution to @entity1 .

title: Comparative studies of placentation and immunology in non- @entity0 primates suggest a scenario for the evolution of deep trophoblast invasion and an explanation for XXXX pregnancy disorders.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 is a @entity6 of unknown aetiology. We identified immunological targets for the treatment of @entity3 using a @entity1 model generated with @entity9 . Sensitisation and challenge using heat-killed @entity9 and dendritic cells (DCs) were performed to produce @entity3 in C57BL/6 @entity1 . Immunological analyses using ELISA as well as cDNA microarray analysis were used to search for cytokines or chemokines associated with the formation of @entity6 in the lungs. Co-administration of @entity9 and DCs reproducibly induced the formation of @entity3 , which resembled @entity6 . The cDNA microarray assay demonstrated that the gene expression of @entity10 and @entity13 , ligands for @entity12 , and of @entity14 , a ligand for @entity11 , was strongly upregulated during @entity8 . ELISA confirmed that levels of @entity10 and @entity13 as well as T-helper (Th)1 cytokines and chemokines including @entity0 @entity2 factor-a and interferon-y were elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The blockade of @entity5 chemokine receptors using @entity15 , a dual blocker for @entity12 and @entity11 , led to reduced numbers of @entity12 + @entity7 + and @entity11 + @entity7 + T-cells in BALF. Furthermore, administration of @entity15 ameliorated the @entity8 . The targeted inhibition of @entity5 chemokines might be useful for inhibiting @entity5 -biased @entity6 , including @entity4 .

title: Blockade of @entity5 chemokine receptors ameliorates XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 is a @entity6 of unknown aetiology. We identified immunological targets for the treatment of @entity3 using a @entity1 model generated with @entity9 . Sensitisation and challenge using heat-killed @entity9 and dendritic cells (DCs) were performed to produce @entity3 in C57BL/6 @entity1 . Immunological analyses using ELISA as well as cDNA microarray analysis were used to search for cytokines or chemokines associated with the formation of @entity6 in the lungs. Co-administration of @entity9 and DCs reproducibly induced the formation of @entity3 , which resembled @entity6 . The cDNA microarray assay demonstrated that the gene expression of @entity10 and @entity13 , ligands for @entity12 , and of @entity14 , a ligand for @entity11 , was strongly upregulated during @entity8 . ELISA confirmed that levels of @entity10 and @entity13 as well as T-helper (Th)1 cytokines and chemokines including @entity0 @entity2 factor-a and interferon-y were elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The blockade of @entity5 chemokine receptors using @entity15 , a dual blocker for @entity12 and @entity11 , led to reduced numbers of @entity12 + @entity7 + and @entity11 + @entity7 + T-cells in BALF. Furthermore, administration of @entity15 ameliorated the @entity8 . The targeted inhibition of @entity5 chemokines might be useful for inhibiting @entity5 -biased @entity6 , including @entity4 .

title: Blockade of XXXX chemokine receptors ameliorates @entity3 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity4 is a @entity6 of unknown aetiology. We identified immunological targets for the treatment of @entity3 using a @entity1 model generated with @entity9 . Sensitisation and challenge using heat-killed @entity9 and dendritic cells (DCs) were performed to produce @entity3 in C57BL/6 @entity1 . Immunological analyses using ELISA as well as cDNA microarray analysis were used to search for cytokines or chemokines associated with the formation of @entity6 in the lungs. Co-administration of @entity9 and DCs reproducibly induced the formation of @entity3 , which resembled @entity6 . The cDNA microarray assay demonstrated that the gene expression of @entity10 and @entity13 , ligands for @entity12 , and of @entity14 , a ligand for @entity11 , was strongly upregulated during @entity8 . ELISA confirmed that levels of @entity10 and @entity13 as well as T-helper (Th)1 cytokines and chemokines including @entity0 @entity2 factor-a and interferon-y were elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The blockade of @entity5 chemokine receptors using @entity15 , a dual blocker for @entity12 and @entity11 , led to reduced numbers of @entity12 + @entity7 + and @entity11 + @entity7 + T-cells in BALF. Furthermore, administration of @entity15 ameliorated the @entity8 . The targeted inhibition of @entity5 chemokines might be useful for inhibiting @entity5 -biased @entity6 , including @entity4 .

title: Blockade of @entity5 chemokine receptors ameliorates @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Safe, very high altitude trekking in subjects with type 1 @entity0 requires understanding of @entity1 regulation at high altitude. We investigated @entity3 requirements, energy expenditure, and @entity1 levels at very high altitude in relation to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) symptoms in individuals with type 1 @entity0 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight individuals with @entity2 part in a 14-day expedition to Mount Meru (4,562 m) and Mount Kilimanjaro (5,895 m) in Tanzania. Daily @entity3 doses, @entity1 levels, energy expenditure, and @entity4 symptoms were determined. Also, energy expenditure and @entity4 symptoms were compared with a healthy control group. RESULTS: We found a positive relation between @entity4 symptoms and @entity3 requirements (r = 0.78; P = 0.041) and @entity4 symptoms and @entity1 levels (r = 0.86; P = 0.014) for Mount Kilimanjaro. Compared with sea level, @entity3 doses tended to decrease by 14.2% (19.7) (median [interquartile range]) (P = 0.41), whereas @entity1 levels remained stable up to 5,000 m altitude. However, at altitudes >5,000 m, @entity3 dose was unchanged (36.8    17 vs. 37.6    19.1 international units [mean    SD] P = 0.75), but @entity1 levels (7.5    0.6 vs. 9.5    0.8 mmol/L [mean    SD] P = 0.067) and @entity4 scores (1.3    1.6 vs. 4.4    4 points [mean    SD] P = 0.091) tended to increase. Energy expenditure and @entity4 symptoms were comparable in both groups (P = 0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that in complication-free individuals with type 1 @entity0 , @entity3 requirements tend to increase during altitudes above 5,000 m despite high energy expenditure. This change may be explained, at least partly, by @entity4 .

title: Increased @entity3 requirements during exercise at very high altitude in type 1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Safe, very high altitude trekking in subjects with type 1 @entity0 requires understanding of @entity1 regulation at high altitude. We investigated @entity3 requirements, energy expenditure, and @entity1 levels at very high altitude in relation to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) symptoms in individuals with type 1 @entity0 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight individuals with @entity2 part in a 14-day expedition to Mount Meru (4,562 m) and Mount Kilimanjaro (5,895 m) in Tanzania. Daily @entity3 doses, @entity1 levels, energy expenditure, and @entity4 symptoms were determined. Also, energy expenditure and @entity4 symptoms were compared with a healthy control group. RESULTS: We found a positive relation between @entity4 symptoms and @entity3 requirements (r = 0.78; P = 0.041) and @entity4 symptoms and @entity1 levels (r = 0.86; P = 0.014) for Mount Kilimanjaro. Compared with sea level, @entity3 doses tended to decrease by 14.2% (19.7) (median [interquartile range]) (P = 0.41), whereas @entity1 levels remained stable up to 5,000 m altitude. However, at altitudes >5,000 m, @entity3 dose was unchanged (36.8    17 vs. 37.6    19.1 international units [mean    SD] P = 0.75), but @entity1 levels (7.5    0.6 vs. 9.5    0.8 mmol/L [mean    SD] P = 0.067) and @entity4 scores (1.3    1.6 vs. 4.4    4 points [mean    SD] P = 0.091) tended to increase. Energy expenditure and @entity4 symptoms were comparable in both groups (P = 0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that in complication-free individuals with type 1 @entity0 , @entity3 requirements tend to increase during altitudes above 5,000 m despite high energy expenditure. This change may be explained, at least partly, by @entity4 .

title: Increased XXXX requirements during exercise at very high altitude in type 1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: RATIONALE: Nutritional risk screening should be routine in order to select @entity0 in need of nutrition care; this conduct change has to rely on education. In this project, radiotherapy department health professionals were trained on how to use the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), to foster its integration into @entity1 outpatient management; we also aimed to identify those more adherent to screening. METHODS: Research dieticians (the standard) conducted interactive sessions with all physicians, nurses, and radiotherapy (RT) technicians, who were closely supervised to facilitate routine MUST integration. There were two phases: after the first session, phase 1 assessed 200 @entity0 over 4 months; after the second session, phase 2 screened 450 @entity0 , always before RT. Validity was evaluated comparing results from the standard against all other health professionals, adjusted for number. RESULTS: RT technicians were most adherent to the MUST: 80% of @entity0 in phase 1, increasing to 85% in phase 2. Nurses doubled their input, from 19% to 36%. Physicians had poor MUST integration, yet they progressively incorporated percentage @entity2 into @entity0 records, increasing from 57% in phase 1 to 84% in phase 2, independently of diagnosis and stage. The highest concordance (k coefficient) with dieticians was found with RT technicians' use of the MUST (p < .002) and percentage @entity2 determination by physicians (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: We show that systematic screening in @entity1 is feasible by all professionals involved, once a proximity teaching project is put into practice. RT technicians, who daily treat @entity0 , were highly adherent to integrate the MUST and might be in charge of selecting at-risk @entity0 . Physicians are unlikely to use the MUST, but acknowledged nutrition value and changed their routine by integrating recent percentage @entity2 into their approach to @entity0 . Our structured methodology may be used as a model for the development of teaching adapted to different departments with other realities.

title: Teaching nutrition integration: MUST screening in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity0 lymphoblastoid interferon ( @entity2 ) delivery to normal @entity1 brain were examined. @entity2 concentrations in brain parenchyma could only be detected 120 min after its intravascular administration, and were 0.003% per gram of the administered dose. The mean cerebrovascular permeability-surface area (permeability x surface area) product to IFN, 120 min after infusion, was 0.35 x 10(-6) @entity3 , which is not significantly different from zero. Neither i.v. nor intracarotid @entity2 administration significantly affected delivery to brain. Intrathecal administration of @entity2 , via the cisterna magna, resulted in undetectable concentrations in brain tissue and plasma at 30 and 60 min. However, osmotic blood-brain barrier opening significantly increased @entity2 delivery to brain after its carotid administration. A maximum concentration of 0.18% per gram of the total administered dose was achieved at 120 min, and the cerebrovascular permeability-surface area was increased to 30.8 x 10(-6) @entity3 . Intracerebral @entity2 concentrations did not decline significantly during the 240 min study. Osmotic blood-brain barrier opening increased the area under the brain concentration vs. time curve, measured between 30 and 240 min, from 0.012 x 10(6) U.min/g, in controls, to 1.24 x 10(6) U.min/g, at least 100-fold. This study indicates that osmotic blood-brain barrier opening significantly increases the delivery of @entity2 into brain, and that delivered remains within the brain for many hours.

title: Delivery of XXXX interferon-alpha to brain by transient osmotic blood-brain barrier modification in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity0 lymphoblastoid interferon ( @entity2 ) delivery to normal @entity1 brain were examined. @entity2 concentrations in brain parenchyma could only be detected 120 min after its intravascular administration, and were 0.003% per gram of the administered dose. The mean cerebrovascular permeability-surface area (permeability x surface area) product to IFN, 120 min after infusion, was 0.35 x 10(-6) @entity3 , which is not significantly different from zero. Neither i.v. nor intracarotid @entity2 administration significantly affected delivery to brain. Intrathecal administration of @entity2 , via the cisterna magna, resulted in undetectable concentrations in brain tissue and plasma at 30 and 60 min. However, osmotic blood-brain barrier opening significantly increased @entity2 delivery to brain after its carotid administration. A maximum concentration of 0.18% per gram of the total administered dose was achieved at 120 min, and the cerebrovascular permeability-surface area was increased to 30.8 x 10(-6) @entity3 . Intracerebral @entity2 concentrations did not decline significantly during the 240 min study. Osmotic blood-brain barrier opening increased the area under the brain concentration vs. time curve, measured between 30 and 240 min, from 0.012 x 10(6) U.min/g, in controls, to 1.24 x 10(6) U.min/g, at least 100-fold. This study indicates that osmotic blood-brain barrier opening significantly increases the delivery of @entity2 into brain, and that delivered remains within the brain for many hours.

title: Delivery of @entity0 interferon-alpha to brain by transient osmotic blood-brain barrier modification in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that many instrument and physiological factors limit the ability of color Doppler total jet area within the receiving chamber to predict the severity of @entity3 . In contrast, the proximal or initial dimensions of the jet as it emerges from the orifice have been shown to increase directly with orifice size and to correlate well with the severity of @entity1 . Only limited data, however, are available regarding the value of proximal jet size in @entity2 , and it has not been examined in short-axis or transthoracic views. The purpose of the present study, therefore, was to evaluate the relation between proximal jet size and other measures of the severity of @entity2 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In 49 @entity0 , the anteroposterior height of the proximal jet as it emerges from the mitral valve was measured in the @entity5 view; proximal jet width and area were measured in the short-axis view at the same level. Results were compared with regurgitant volume and fraction by pulsed Doppler subtraction of aortic and mitral flows in 47 @entity0 without more than trace @entity1 ; with angiographic grade determined within 24 hours in 33 catheterized @entity0 ; and with angiographic regurgitant fraction in 13 @entity0 who were in normal sinus rhythm and had no significant aortic and @entity4 . Proximal jet height, width, and area correlated well with Doppler regurgitant volume and fraction (r = .86 to .95; SEE = 7.7 to 9.0 mL; 5.9% to 7.3%). Proximal jet size could also be used to distinguish angiographic grades of @entity2 with minimal overlap (P < .0001) and correlated well with angiographic regurgitant fraction (r = .85 to .91; SEE = 4.1% to 5.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Proximal jet size correlates well with established measures of the severity of @entity2 . It is conveniently available with transthoracic clinical scanning and should be useful in the routine evaluation of @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Proximal jet size by Doppler color flow mapping predicts severity of XXXX . Clinical studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ventricular remodeling after @entity4 involves changes in ventricular size, shape, structure, and matrix that impact on function. Prolonged @entity9 inhibition after @entity7 with @entity10 reduces @entity0 and improves clinical outcome, but whether @entity11 produces similar benefits is controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effect of @entity11 during healing between 1 day and 6 weeks after @entity4 on in vivo changes in ventricular size, shape, mass, and function (asynergy, or akinesis and dyskinesis, and ejection fraction), as determined by serial two-dimensional echocardiography, hemodynamics, postmortem topography (planimetered short- and long-axis ventricular contours), and collagen content (determined by levels of @entity5 , a marker for collagen), was measured in 25 instrumented @entity2 . The @entity2 were randomized 1 day after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to a control group (no treatment) and a group receiving oral @entity11 (2.5 mg BID). Compared with no treatment, @entity11 produced a sustained lowering of left atrial pressure but no difference in heart rate and mean blood pressure over the 6 weeks. Also compared with no treatment, @entity11 modified in vivo remodeling parameters between 1 day and 6 weeks, with less elongation of the asynergy-containing segment, a lower expansion index (ratio of endocardial lengths of @entity7 to non- @entity7 -containing segments demarcated by @entity1 ), less scar wall thinning, a lower thinning ratio (ratio of average thickness of infarcted wall to average thickness of the normal wall), smaller ventricular volume, less regional bulging and @entity3 frequency, prevention of the increase in ventricular mass, less total extent of asynergy, and higher volume ejection fraction. At postmortem examination, scar mass was similar in the two groups, but topographic maps with @entity11 revealed less @entity7 , and less noninfarct wall thickness. In addition, postmortem collagen content was similar in noninfarct zones of the two groups but lower in @entity7 zones of the @entity2 given @entity11 . CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged @entity11 therapy, in a dose that did not lower blood pressure, during healing after anterior @entity7 produced prolonged reduction of left ventricular preload in @entity2 . This diastolic unloading was associated with limitation of remodeling parameters ( @entity7 expansion and thinning, progressive @entity8 and @entity6 , and regional bulging), less total asynergy, and improved left ventricular ejection fraction. Although @entity9 inhibition was associated with lower collagen content in the @entity7 area and altered scar topography, these effects did not impact negatively on overall remodeling and function.

title: Effect of XXXX on ventricular remodeling and function during healing after @entity4 in the @entity2 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ventricular remodeling after @entity4 involves changes in ventricular size, shape, structure, and matrix that impact on function. Prolonged @entity9 inhibition after @entity7 with @entity10 reduces @entity0 and improves clinical outcome, but whether @entity11 produces similar benefits is controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effect of @entity11 during healing between 1 day and 6 weeks after @entity4 on in vivo changes in ventricular size, shape, mass, and function (asynergy, or akinesis and dyskinesis, and ejection fraction), as determined by serial two-dimensional echocardiography, hemodynamics, postmortem topography (planimetered short- and long-axis ventricular contours), and collagen content (determined by levels of @entity5 , a marker for collagen), was measured in 25 instrumented @entity2 . The @entity2 were randomized 1 day after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to a control group (no treatment) and a group receiving oral @entity11 (2.5 mg BID). Compared with no treatment, @entity11 produced a sustained lowering of left atrial pressure but no difference in heart rate and mean blood pressure over the 6 weeks. Also compared with no treatment, @entity11 modified in vivo remodeling parameters between 1 day and 6 weeks, with less elongation of the asynergy-containing segment, a lower expansion index (ratio of endocardial lengths of @entity7 to non- @entity7 -containing segments demarcated by @entity1 ), less scar wall thinning, a lower thinning ratio (ratio of average thickness of infarcted wall to average thickness of the normal wall), smaller ventricular volume, less regional bulging and @entity3 frequency, prevention of the increase in ventricular mass, less total extent of asynergy, and higher volume ejection fraction. At postmortem examination, scar mass was similar in the two groups, but topographic maps with @entity11 revealed less @entity7 , and less noninfarct wall thickness. In addition, postmortem collagen content was similar in noninfarct zones of the two groups but lower in @entity7 zones of the @entity2 given @entity11 . CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged @entity11 therapy, in a dose that did not lower blood pressure, during healing after anterior @entity7 produced prolonged reduction of left ventricular preload in @entity2 . This diastolic unloading was associated with limitation of remodeling parameters ( @entity7 expansion and thinning, progressive @entity8 and @entity6 , and regional bulging), less total asynergy, and improved left ventricular ejection fraction. Although @entity9 inhibition was associated with lower collagen content in the @entity7 area and altered scar topography, these effects did not impact negatively on overall remodeling and function.

title: Effect of @entity11 on ventricular remodeling and function during healing after XXXX in the @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ventricular remodeling after @entity4 involves changes in ventricular size, shape, structure, and matrix that impact on function. Prolonged @entity9 inhibition after @entity7 with @entity10 reduces @entity0 and improves clinical outcome, but whether @entity11 produces similar benefits is controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effect of @entity11 during healing between 1 day and 6 weeks after @entity4 on in vivo changes in ventricular size, shape, mass, and function (asynergy, or akinesis and dyskinesis, and ejection fraction), as determined by serial two-dimensional echocardiography, hemodynamics, postmortem topography (planimetered short- and long-axis ventricular contours), and collagen content (determined by levels of @entity5 , a marker for collagen), was measured in 25 instrumented @entity2 . The @entity2 were randomized 1 day after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to a control group (no treatment) and a group receiving oral @entity11 (2.5 mg BID). Compared with no treatment, @entity11 produced a sustained lowering of left atrial pressure but no difference in heart rate and mean blood pressure over the 6 weeks. Also compared with no treatment, @entity11 modified in vivo remodeling parameters between 1 day and 6 weeks, with less elongation of the asynergy-containing segment, a lower expansion index (ratio of endocardial lengths of @entity7 to non- @entity7 -containing segments demarcated by @entity1 ), less scar wall thinning, a lower thinning ratio (ratio of average thickness of infarcted wall to average thickness of the normal wall), smaller ventricular volume, less regional bulging and @entity3 frequency, prevention of the increase in ventricular mass, less total extent of asynergy, and higher volume ejection fraction. At postmortem examination, scar mass was similar in the two groups, but topographic maps with @entity11 revealed less @entity7 , and less noninfarct wall thickness. In addition, postmortem collagen content was similar in noninfarct zones of the two groups but lower in @entity7 zones of the @entity2 given @entity11 . CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged @entity11 therapy, in a dose that did not lower blood pressure, during healing after anterior @entity7 produced prolonged reduction of left ventricular preload in @entity2 . This diastolic unloading was associated with limitation of remodeling parameters ( @entity7 expansion and thinning, progressive @entity8 and @entity6 , and regional bulging), less total asynergy, and improved left ventricular ejection fraction. Although @entity9 inhibition was associated with lower collagen content in the @entity7 area and altered scar topography, these effects did not impact negatively on overall remodeling and function.

title: Effect of @entity11 on ventricular remodeling and function during healing after @entity4 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that clinically unaffected female carriers of @entity2 have an olfactory defect. DESIGN: Assessment of the olfactory threshold to seven standard odorants, each at a concentration of 1-10(-8) mol/l. @entity0 : Five families with @entity2 ( @entity5 ) were tested, containing 19 males with @entity5 , and 9 female carriers. Related but unaffected males (n = 8) were used as a control group, and in addition seven @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were assessed. MEASUREMENTS: The olfactory threshold was taken as the lowest concentration at which each odorant was clearly distinguished from control (liquid @entity1 ). The threshold for each odorant was compared between the subject groups using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: All @entity0 with @entity5 were anosmic to all odorants. The female carriers had @entity4 , with a significant reduction in the olfactory threshold to putrid, peppermint, floral and pungent odorants compared to control subjects, and to peppermint, floral and pungent odorants compared to subjects with @entity3 . The latter had olfactory thresholds which were statistically identical with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Obligate female carriers of @entity2 are hyposmic compared to control subjects. The overlap between the two groups, however, makes olfactory testing unreliable as a diagnostic test.

title: Identification of olfactory dysfunction in carriers of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 is one of the serious adverse effects induced by @entity4 ( @entity2 ), an antiarrhythmic agent. In order to clarify the pharmacodynamics of @entity2 -induced @entity3 , @entity2 was administered intravenously to conscious @entity0 at a dose of 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg and serum samples were collected periodically to determine the concentrations of @entity2 , insulin and @entity1 . The pharmacokinetics of @entity2 showed nonlinear characteristics and could be described by a two-compartment model with Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics. @entity2 induced a rapid increase in the serum concentration of insulin. As the @entity2 dose was increased, a greater hypoglycemic effect occurred. The indirect response model was applied to account for the @entity2 -induced increase in insulin secretion and the subsequent decrease in serum @entity1 . A linear relationship was assumed between the serum concentration of @entity2 and its stimulating effect on insulin secretion. A nonlinear relationship was assumed between the serum concentration of insulin and its stimulating effect on the elimination of serum @entity1 . The time courses of serum concentrations of @entity2 , insulin and @entity1 after intravenous injection of @entity2 could be described by the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model developed. This approach will be useful for the identification of variable factors related to @entity2 -induced @entity3 .

title: Pharmacodynamics of XXXX -induced @entity3 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 is one of the serious adverse effects induced by @entity4 ( @entity2 ), an antiarrhythmic agent. In order to clarify the pharmacodynamics of @entity2 -induced @entity3 , @entity2 was administered intravenously to conscious @entity0 at a dose of 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg and serum samples were collected periodically to determine the concentrations of @entity2 , insulin and @entity1 . The pharmacokinetics of @entity2 showed nonlinear characteristics and could be described by a two-compartment model with Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics. @entity2 induced a rapid increase in the serum concentration of insulin. As the @entity2 dose was increased, a greater hypoglycemic effect occurred. The indirect response model was applied to account for the @entity2 -induced increase in insulin secretion and the subsequent decrease in serum @entity1 . A linear relationship was assumed between the serum concentration of @entity2 and its stimulating effect on insulin secretion. A nonlinear relationship was assumed between the serum concentration of insulin and its stimulating effect on the elimination of serum @entity1 . The time courses of serum concentrations of @entity2 , insulin and @entity1 after intravenous injection of @entity2 could be described by the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model developed. This approach will be useful for the identification of variable factors related to @entity2 -induced @entity3 .

title: Pharmacodynamics of @entity4 -induced XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 is one of the serious adverse effects induced by @entity4 ( @entity2 ), an antiarrhythmic agent. In order to clarify the pharmacodynamics of @entity2 -induced @entity3 , @entity2 was administered intravenously to conscious @entity0 at a dose of 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg and serum samples were collected periodically to determine the concentrations of @entity2 , insulin and @entity1 . The pharmacokinetics of @entity2 showed nonlinear characteristics and could be described by a two-compartment model with Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics. @entity2 induced a rapid increase in the serum concentration of insulin. As the @entity2 dose was increased, a greater hypoglycemic effect occurred. The indirect response model was applied to account for the @entity2 -induced increase in insulin secretion and the subsequent decrease in serum @entity1 . A linear relationship was assumed between the serum concentration of @entity2 and its stimulating effect on insulin secretion. A nonlinear relationship was assumed between the serum concentration of insulin and its stimulating effect on the elimination of serum @entity1 . The time courses of serum concentrations of @entity2 , insulin and @entity1 after intravenous injection of @entity2 could be described by the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model developed. This approach will be useful for the identification of variable factors related to @entity2 -induced @entity3 .

title: Pharmacodynamics of @entity4 -induced @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Single-photon emission tomography (SPET) with @entity7 sestamibi (MIBI) was carried out in 61 adult @entity0 with supratentorial expanding @entity4 . Thirty-one @entity0 had pathologically proven @entity1 . Ten @entity0 had pathologically proven @entity1 , while another 12 @entity0 had a clinical diagnosis of @entity1 . The other eight @entity0 had a variety of lesions including radiation @entity2 (3), abscess (2), @entity3 (2) and primary @entity5 (1). SPET was performed 15 min after administration of 740-930 MBq MIBI and transverse, sagittal and coronal views were reconstructed. Using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging guidance, a MIBI uptake index was computed as the ratio of counts in the lesion to counts in the contralateral homologous region. In high-grade @entity1 , the MIBI index ranged from 1.9 to 6.6 (mean 3.6 +/- 1.4) whereas it ranged from 0.8 to 1.7 (1.1 +/- 0.2) in the pathologically proven low-grade group (P < 0.01). No significant difference was found between the two low-grade groups (1.1 +/- 0.2 vs 1.1 +/- 0.2). No overlap was found between high-grade and @entity1 index values. @entity0 with suspected radiation @entity2 , @entity6 or @entity3 did not demonstrate high MIBI uptake (0.9-2.2), whereas one @entity0 with @entity5 did (3.9). This study suggests that MIBI SPET imaging is of value in distinguishing low-from high-grade supratentorial @entity1 in adults.

title: Evaluation of single-photon emission tomography imaging of supratentorial brain gliomas with XXXX sestamibi.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Neuroadapted @entity9 (NSV) was selected by serial passage of wild-type @entity9 (SV) in @entity0 brain. After intracerebral inoculation of weanling @entity0 , NSV causes a severe @entity6 with hindlimb @entity5 and high mortality; SV causes nonfatal mild disease. In order to determine the biologic basis of neurovirulence in vivo, these @entity7 have been compared by using infectivity assays, light and electron microscopy, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and double-labeling for neural cell markers and viral RNA. More infectious virus is present in the central nervous system during NSV than during SV @entity2 . After intracerebral inoculation, both @entity1 and spread to gray matter areas, including the ventral horns of the spinal cord. Their cellular targets are not different, and @entity3 is prominent. NSV infects more neurons, and causes more severe injury than SV. In @entity4 , there is marked swelling of lumbar and thoracic neurons and their processes in the ventral horns. Relatively mild changes are detected in SV @entity2 only by electron microscopy. Neuroadaptation likely occurs by increasing the efficiency of viral replication in neurons, rather than by a fundamental change in the cellular tropism or the topography of the @entity8 .

title: Basis of neurovirulence in XXXX @entity6 of @entity0 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Neuroadapted @entity9 (NSV) was selected by serial passage of wild-type @entity9 (SV) in @entity0 brain. After intracerebral inoculation of weanling @entity0 , NSV causes a severe @entity6 with hindlimb @entity5 and high mortality; SV causes nonfatal mild disease. In order to determine the biologic basis of neurovirulence in vivo, these @entity7 have been compared by using infectivity assays, light and electron microscopy, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and double-labeling for neural cell markers and viral RNA. More infectious virus is present in the central nervous system during NSV than during SV @entity2 . After intracerebral inoculation, both @entity1 and spread to gray matter areas, including the ventral horns of the spinal cord. Their cellular targets are not different, and @entity3 is prominent. NSV infects more neurons, and causes more severe injury than SV. In @entity4 , there is marked swelling of lumbar and thoracic neurons and their processes in the ventral horns. Relatively mild changes are detected in SV @entity2 only by electron microscopy. Neuroadaptation likely occurs by increasing the efficiency of viral replication in neurons, rather than by a fundamental change in the cellular tropism or the topography of the @entity8 .

title: Basis of neurovirulence in @entity9 XXXX of @entity0 .

answer: @entity6