abstract: @entity3 of an extremity is an uncommon feature of @entity4 and can readily be confused with @entity6 caused by aerobic actinomycetes such as Nocardia and Streptomyces. A case of primary @entity4 of the leg is reported, and 35 cases published in the English-language literature are reviewed. There were 14 cases of @entity3 and 22 cases of @entity3 . Antecedent @entity2 had occurred in 21 cases. Lesions began in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, bone, and joint space. Spread to contiguous structures was characteristic, and most lesions eventually involved all of the aforementioned structures. The lesions were typical of @entity4 with @entity0 formation and granules in the pus. Cultures were positive in 17 cases. Surgical therapy was necessary in most instances; @entity1 remains the drug of choice. Pending results of culturing, a lesion with granules of branching gram-positive bacteria would best be treated empirically with @entity1 and a @entity5 . Prognosis is excellent.

title: Primary XXXX of an extremity: a case report and review.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is a lack of evidence on the effects and quality of @entity2 service delivery (ATSD). This study presents a quasi-experimental 3-months follow-up using a pre-test/post-test design aimed at evaluating outcomes of @entity2 interventions targeting @entity0 with physical and @entity1 . A secondary aim was to evaluate the feasibility of the follow-up assessment adopted in this study with a view to implement the procedure in routine clinical practice. Forty-five @entity0 aged 3-17  years were included. Parents were asked to complete the IPPA for @entity2 effectiveness; KWAZO and QUEST 2.0 for satisfaction with ATSD; @entity3 for estimating the social cost of @entity2 interventions. At follow-up, 25 @entity0 used the @entity2 recommended. IPPA effect sizes ranged from 1.4 to 0.7, showing a large effect of @entity2 interventions. Overall, parents were satisfied with ATSD, but Maintenance, Professional services, and @entity2 delivery were rated not satisfactory. @entity3 showed more resources spent for @entity2 intervention compared to @entity0 assistance without technological supports. @entity2 may be an effective intervention for @entity0 with disabilities. Issues concerning responsiveness and feasibility of the IPPA and the @entity3 instruments are discussed with a view to inform routine clinical practice.

title: Implementing a Routine Outcome Assessment Procedure to Evaluate the Quality of Assistive Technology Service Delivery for XXXX with Physical or Multiple Disabilities: Perceived Effectiveness, Social Cost, and User Satisfaction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare time to clinical worsening (TTCW) based on initial oral therapy for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 )-related @entity1 . METHODS: Using data from the Pulmonary Hypertension Assessment and Recognition of Outcomes in @entity6 (PHAROS) registry (a multicenter prospective observational study enrolling @entity3 @entity0 with incident @entity1 ), we selected @entity0 with group 1 @entity1 (World Health Organization Clinical Classification system) who received initial therapy (for 6 months) with an endothelin receptor antagonist ( @entity5 ), a @entity8 ( @entity8 ) inhibitor, or a combination of these 2 agents ( @entity5 / @entity8 inhibitor). The main outcome was TTCW, defined as the first occurrence of @entity2 , @entity1 -related hospitalization, lung transplantation, initiation of parenteral @entity7 treatment, or worsening symptoms. RESULTS: Ninety-eight @entity0 (24 in the @entity5 group, 59 in the @entity8 inhibitor group, and 15 in the @entity5 / @entity8 inhibitor group) were included. No significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the @entity0 were observed. TTCW was significantly worse in @entity0 in the @entity5 group compared with those in the @entity8 inhibitor group or the @entity5 / @entity8 inhibitor group. Ten @entity0 (41.6%) in the @entity5 group died during the 3-year observation period, compared with 4 @entity0 (6.8%) in the @entity8 inhibitor group and 1 @entity0 (6.7%) in the @entity5 / @entity8 inhibitor group. Baseline factors that were independently associated with a shorter TTCW were initial treatment with an @entity5 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.63 [P   =   0.009]), lower diffusing capacity for @entity4 (HR 0.69 per 10% of predicted change [P   =   0.04]), and higher pulmonary vascular resistance (HR 1.10 per Wood unit change [P   =   0.007]). CONCLUSION: Compared with initial treatment with a @entity8 inhibitor or combination therapy with an @entity5 and a @entity8 inhibitor, initial therapy with an @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 -related @entity1 was associated with significantly worse TTCW, even after adjustment for commonly accepted prognostic factors. Further study into the optimal initial oral therapy for @entity0 with @entity3 -related @entity1 is needed.

title: Association Between Initial Oral Therapy and Outcomes in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In November 1991, a third generation extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor (Piezolith 2500) was installed in our clinic. We examined the effective and safe aspect of this machine for @entity5 . From November 1991 to October 1993, we experienced 530 sessions of ESWL treatment on 235 @entity0 (270 cases). All @entity0 except two underwent ESWL treatment without anesthesia, and in situ ESWL treatment was possible on 247 cases. The mean number of shock waves and sessions per @entity0 of @entity3 were 3369 and 2.1, respectively. Those of ureteral stone were 3970 and 1.9, respectively. The complete removal rate of @entity3 3 months after the last session were 86% and 92%, respectively. This outcome was very satisfactory. On the other hand, endoscopic procedure was needed on 13 @entity0 . In almost all cases @entity2 was noted after ESWL, but major complications such as subcapsular @entity4 or @entity1 were not experienced at all. It was concluded that Piezolith 2500 was very effective and safe in the treatment of @entity5 .

title: [Anesthesia-free extracorporeal piezoelectric shock wave lithotripsy for XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The following questions should be addressed: (1) Is minimal detachment surgery justified in @entity2 with preoperative PVR stage B or C? (2) Can this reattach the retina with stabilization or regression of PVR? MATERIALS AND METHODS: 72 @entity2 stage B or C (38 @entity5 ) were treated by cryopexy, segmental buckling (n = 68) or balloon (n = 4) without drainage or vitrectomy. Reoperation (n = 10) was done without cerclage or vitrectomy. The follow-up of @entity0 alive is 11 to 13 1/2 years and of all @entity0 (31 died) x 7 1/2 years. RESULTS: After the primary operation the retina was reattached in 79%, partially in 15% and detached in 6%. An "early" redetachment (< or = 6 months postoperatively) occurred in 8.3%, no redetachment > 6 months to < 9 years and "late" redetachment (9-13 1/2 years postoperatively) in 2.8%. After reoperation (n = 10) the retina was reattached in 85%, partially in 3%, and detached in 12%. 34 eyes had delayed resorption (2 weeks to 18 months) with a residual concave detachment in area of starfolds and tractions, resulting in dry starfolds or their disappearance after months. Postoperatively there were no @entity3 , no secondary @entity1 and no phthisis bulbi. Subsequent macular pucker developed in 12 eyes, which were not treated by vitreoretinal surgery. Six months postoperatively visual acuity was: 26x 20/60-20/25; 16x 20/200-20/100; 30x < or = 20/400 which was not statistically significant different (p = 0.549) after x 7 1/2 years. CONCLUSION: Primary treatment of a @entity2 stage B or @entity4 with cryopexy and segmental buckling and nondrainage seems justified to test for the chance of PVR-regression. The retina was reattached in 8 of 10 @entity0 x 7 1/2 years postoperatively after primary operation without reoperation or vitrectomy and visual acuity was 20/60-20/25 in every third @entity0 , thus implying a lack of late serious complications.

title: [Role of segmental buckling surgery in treatment of stages B and C proliferative XXXX . A long-term follow-up].

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONCLUSION: Factors prognostic of recovery from @entity6 without @entity8 are co-occurrence of @entity3 , PTA determined hearing level on the affected side before treatment initiation, and time from onset to treatment initiation. The rate of hearing recovery was higher in the oral @entity5 than in the intra-tympanic @entity5 and combined groups. OBJECTIVES: Although many studies have assessed acute sudden @entity4 , few have analyzed low-frequency @entity4 . Clinical characteristics of @entity0 with @entity4 may vary by type of @entity4 . This study, therefore, analyzed the clinical characteristics, recovery rates, and factors associated with hearing recovery in @entity0 with @entity6 unaccompanied by @entity8 . METHOD: This study included 50 @entity0 with severe low frequency @entity4 unaccompanied by @entity8 and with normal tympanic membrane status who visited hospitals from July 2005 to May 2014 due to sudden @entity7 , or @entity4 . Of these @entity0 , 29 were treated with oral @entity2 , eight with tympanic @entity5 injections, and 13 with both. Clinical and auditory characteristics before and after treatment, as well as treatment outcomes, were compared in these three groups. RESULTS: Age, sex, affected side, co-occurrence of ear fullness, and accompanying @entity1 were similar in the three groups. All @entity0 started on treatment within 10 days of @entity4 showed significant recovery, with complete recovery, unaccompanied by @entity3 , observed in 10 @entity0 . Treatment outcomes were not affected by hearing thresholds on the unaffected side. Of the @entity0 treated with both oral and intra-tympanic @entity2 , 39% showed complete recovery, and 77% showed audiometric improvement. The complete recovery rate was significantly higher in the oral @entity5 than in the other two groups (p   =   0.029); and the audiometric improvement rate tended to be lower in the intra-tympanic @entity5 group than in the other groups. Cure rates, defined as complete disappearance of symptoms and normal findings on pure tone audiograms (PTA), in the oral, intra-tympanic, and combined @entity5 groups were 49%, 25%, and 23%, respectively. There were no significant differences among the three groups in cure, subjective improvement, and audiometric improvement rates. Factors prognostic of non-recovery of hearing included late treatment initiation (p   =   0.044), accompanying @entity3 (p   =   0.049), and higher hearing thresholds on the affected side before treatment initiation (p   =   0.005).

title: Clinical characteristics and prognosis of @entity6 without XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: CONCLUSION: Factors prognostic of recovery from @entity6 without @entity8 are co-occurrence of @entity3 , PTA determined hearing level on the affected side before treatment initiation, and time from onset to treatment initiation. The rate of hearing recovery was higher in the oral @entity5 than in the intra-tympanic @entity5 and combined groups. OBJECTIVES: Although many studies have assessed acute sudden @entity4 , few have analyzed low-frequency @entity4 . Clinical characteristics of @entity0 with @entity4 may vary by type of @entity4 . This study, therefore, analyzed the clinical characteristics, recovery rates, and factors associated with hearing recovery in @entity0 with @entity6 unaccompanied by @entity8 . METHOD: This study included 50 @entity0 with severe low frequency @entity4 unaccompanied by @entity8 and with normal tympanic membrane status who visited hospitals from July 2005 to May 2014 due to sudden @entity7 , or @entity4 . Of these @entity0 , 29 were treated with oral @entity2 , eight with tympanic @entity5 injections, and 13 with both. Clinical and auditory characteristics before and after treatment, as well as treatment outcomes, were compared in these three groups. RESULTS: Age, sex, affected side, co-occurrence of ear fullness, and accompanying @entity1 were similar in the three groups. All @entity0 started on treatment within 10 days of @entity4 showed significant recovery, with complete recovery, unaccompanied by @entity3 , observed in 10 @entity0 . Treatment outcomes were not affected by hearing thresholds on the unaffected side. Of the @entity0 treated with both oral and intra-tympanic @entity2 , 39% showed complete recovery, and 77% showed audiometric improvement. The complete recovery rate was significantly higher in the oral @entity5 than in the other two groups (p   =   0.029); and the audiometric improvement rate tended to be lower in the intra-tympanic @entity5 group than in the other groups. Cure rates, defined as complete disappearance of symptoms and normal findings on pure tone audiograms (PTA), in the oral, intra-tympanic, and combined @entity5 groups were 49%, 25%, and 23%, respectively. There were no significant differences among the three groups in cure, subjective improvement, and audiometric improvement rates. Factors prognostic of non-recovery of hearing included late treatment initiation (p   =   0.044), accompanying @entity3 (p   =   0.049), and higher hearing thresholds on the affected side before treatment initiation (p   =   0.005).

title: Clinical characteristics and prognosis of XXXX without @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) provides a model to examine the sequential use of selective oncogene product-targeted and lineage-targeted agents. @entity5 (RA) has been shown to produce brief remissions by a novel differentiating mechanism in most @entity0 with @entity6 . M195, a mouse monoclonal antibody (moAb) reactive with the cell-surface antigen @entity3 , can target @entity7 cells in @entity0 and reduce large leukemic burdens when labeled with 131I. We studied whether 131I-M195 could safely reduce minimal @entity1 and prolong remission and survival durations in @entity0 with relapsed @entity6 after they had attained remission with all-trans RA. Seven @entity0 with relapsed @entity6 in second remission were treated with either 70 (n = 2) or 50 (n = 5) mCi/m2 of 131I-M195. As a measure of minimal @entity1 , we serially monitored @entity9 mRNA by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. There was no immediate @entity2 . Late @entity2 was limited to myelosuppression, but no episodes of @entity4 were seen. Six @entity0 had detectable @entity9 mRNA after all-trans RA therapy; two had single negative RT-PCR determinations following 131I-M195. Median disease-free survival of the seven @entity0 was 8 months (range 3-14.5). Four @entity0 with median follow-up of 24 months remain alive, and median overall survival exceeds 21+ months (range 5.5-33+). This regimen based on targeted therapy compares favorably to other approaches for the treatment of relapsed @entity6 , including that used in the immediately preceding trial in which @entity0 were induced into remission and maintained with all-trans RA, as well as other chemotherapy-based regimens. These data support further study of moAb-based therapy for minimal @entity1 in @entity8 .

title: Sequential targeted therapy for relapsed XXXX with all-trans @entity5 and anti- @entity3 monoclonal antibody M195.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) provides a model to examine the sequential use of selective oncogene product-targeted and lineage-targeted agents. @entity5 (RA) has been shown to produce brief remissions by a novel differentiating mechanism in most @entity0 with @entity6 . M195, a mouse monoclonal antibody (moAb) reactive with the cell-surface antigen @entity3 , can target @entity7 cells in @entity0 and reduce large leukemic burdens when labeled with 131I. We studied whether 131I-M195 could safely reduce minimal @entity1 and prolong remission and survival durations in @entity0 with relapsed @entity6 after they had attained remission with all-trans RA. Seven @entity0 with relapsed @entity6 in second remission were treated with either 70 (n = 2) or 50 (n = 5) mCi/m2 of 131I-M195. As a measure of minimal @entity1 , we serially monitored @entity9 mRNA by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. There was no immediate @entity2 . Late @entity2 was limited to myelosuppression, but no episodes of @entity4 were seen. Six @entity0 had detectable @entity9 mRNA after all-trans RA therapy; two had single negative RT-PCR determinations following 131I-M195. Median disease-free survival of the seven @entity0 was 8 months (range 3-14.5). Four @entity0 with median follow-up of 24 months remain alive, and median overall survival exceeds 21+ months (range 5.5-33+). This regimen based on targeted therapy compares favorably to other approaches for the treatment of relapsed @entity6 , including that used in the immediately preceding trial in which @entity0 were induced into remission and maintained with all-trans RA, as well as other chemotherapy-based regimens. These data support further study of moAb-based therapy for minimal @entity1 in @entity8 .

title: Sequential targeted therapy for relapsed @entity6 with all-trans @entity5 and anti- XXXX monoclonal antibody M195.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) provides a model to examine the sequential use of selective oncogene product-targeted and lineage-targeted agents. @entity5 (RA) has been shown to produce brief remissions by a novel differentiating mechanism in most @entity0 with @entity6 . M195, a mouse monoclonal antibody (moAb) reactive with the cell-surface antigen @entity3 , can target @entity7 cells in @entity0 and reduce large leukemic burdens when labeled with 131I. We studied whether 131I-M195 could safely reduce minimal @entity1 and prolong remission and survival durations in @entity0 with relapsed @entity6 after they had attained remission with all-trans RA. Seven @entity0 with relapsed @entity6 in second remission were treated with either 70 (n = 2) or 50 (n = 5) mCi/m2 of 131I-M195. As a measure of minimal @entity1 , we serially monitored @entity9 mRNA by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. There was no immediate @entity2 . Late @entity2 was limited to myelosuppression, but no episodes of @entity4 were seen. Six @entity0 had detectable @entity9 mRNA after all-trans RA therapy; two had single negative RT-PCR determinations following 131I-M195. Median disease-free survival of the seven @entity0 was 8 months (range 3-14.5). Four @entity0 with median follow-up of 24 months remain alive, and median overall survival exceeds 21+ months (range 5.5-33+). This regimen based on targeted therapy compares favorably to other approaches for the treatment of relapsed @entity6 , including that used in the immediately preceding trial in which @entity0 were induced into remission and maintained with all-trans RA, as well as other chemotherapy-based regimens. These data support further study of moAb-based therapy for minimal @entity1 in @entity8 .

title: Sequential targeted therapy for relapsed @entity6 with all-trans XXXX and anti- @entity3 monoclonal antibody M195.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Experiments were performed in a modified microfluidic platform recapitulating part of the in vivo @entity1 microenvironment by co-culturing @entity4 cell aggregates embedded in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen scaffold with @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were seeded in one channel of the @entity7 in vitro prior to introducing the aggregates. The @entity6 cell line A549 and the @entity3 cell line T24 were tested. Dose-response assays of four drugs known to interfere with Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) signaling pathways were quantified using relative dispersion as a metric of EMT progression. The presence of HUVECs in one channel induces cell dispersal in A549 which then can be inhibited by each of the four drugs. Complete inhibition of T24 aggregate dispersal, however, is not achieved with any single agent, although partial inhibition was observed with 10  M of the @entity8 inhibitor, @entity9 . Almost complete inhibition of T24 dispersal in monoculture was achieved only when the four drugs were added in combination, each at 10  M concentration. Coculture of T24 with HUVECs forfeits the almost-complete inhibition. The enhanced dispersal observed in the presence of HUVECs is a consequence of secretion of growth factors, including @entity10 and @entity5 , by endothelial cells. This 3D microfluidic co-culture platform provides an in vivo-like surrogate for anti-invasive and anti-metastatic drug screening. It will be particularly useful for defining combination therapies for @entity2 such as invasive @entity3 .

title: Identification of drugs as single agents or in combination to prevent XXXX in a microfluidic 3D environment.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Agonist-dependent phosphorylation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) is proposed to be a key event initiating homologous receptor desensitization. A technical limitation hindering identification of GPRs as GRK substrates has been the necessity to use purified and reconstituted receptors in GRK assays. Here, the @entity0 m2 and @entity0 m3 ( @entity3 ) muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs), which couple to attenuation of adenylyl cyclase and stimulation of phospholipase C, respectively, were expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells and an in vitro approach to studying GPR phosphorylation by GRKs in crude membranes was developed. The m2 mAChR, a known substrate of certain GRKs, was used to validate the approach. The GRK isoform @entity1 phosphorylated the membrane-bound @entity0 m2 mAChRs in an agonist-dependent manner. The results demonstrated that endogenous membrane-bound beta gamma subunits of G proteins stimulated the phosphorylation of the membrane-bound m2 mAChR. To reveal new GRK substrates, we tested the expressed @entity3 mAChRs. The membrane-bound @entity3 mAChRs were phosphorylated by @entity1 in an agonist-dependent, G beta gamma-enhanced manner. This is the first demonstration that @entity3 mAChRs can serve as substrates for GRKs. The stoichiometry of receptor phosphorylation was approximately 2 mol of @entity2 /mol of receptors in the absence of G beta gamma and approximately 4 mol of @entity2 /mol of receptors upon addition of G beta gamma. When the specificity of various GRKs towards mAChRs was assessed, @entity4 phosphorylated the agonist-activated @entity3 mAChRs as efficiently as did @entity1 ; however, neither @entity5 nor @entity6 significantly phosphorylated the @entity3 mAChRs under similar conditions. The approach of studying GRK-mediated phosphorylation of GPRs in their membrane-bound state identified the @entity3 mAChRs as new substrates for GRKs. This approach should be valuable in identifying other new substrates of GRKs and should aid in studies that elucidate GRK/GPR pairing.

title: Agonist-dependent phosphorylation of XXXX muscarinic receptors in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cell membranes by G protein-coupled receptor kinases.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Elevated @entity5 ( @entity5 ) levels are a causal risk factor for @entity0 . Accumulating evidence suggests that @entity5 can stimulate cellular inflammatory responses through the kringle-containing apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) component. Here, we report that recombinant apo(a) containing 17 kringle-IV domains (17K) elicits a dose-dependent increase in @entity2 mRNA and protein expression in THP-1 and U937 macrophages. This effect was blunted by mutation of the @entity1 binding site in apo(a) KIV10, which results in the loss of oxidized phospholipid (oxPL) on apo(a). Trypsin-digested 17K had the same stimulatory effect on @entity2 expression as intact apo(a) while enzymatic removal of oxPL from apo(a) significantly blunted this effect. Using siRNA to assess candidate receptors, we found that @entity6 and @entity4 may play roles in apo(a)-mediated @entity2 stimulation. Downstream of these receptors, inhibitors of MAP kinases JNK and @entity3 abolished the effect of apo(a) on @entity2 gene expression. To assess roles of downstream transcription factors, luciferase reporter gene experiments were conducted using an @entity2 promoter fragment. Apo(a) induced expression of this reporter construct was eliminated by mutation of @entity2 promoter binding sites for either NF-kB or @entity7 . Our results provide a mechanistic link between oxPL modification of apo(a) and stimulation of proinflammatory intracellular signaling pathways.

title: Mechanistic insights into XXXX -induced interleukin-8 expression: a role for oxidized phospholipid modification of apolipoprotein(a).

answer: @entity5


abstract: A longitudinal survey--parasitological, clinical, immunological and @entity4 is being conducted in Gbaiima village in Sierra Leone. The estimated Annual Transmission Potential ( @entity2 ) is 5863. More than 80% of the annual transmission occurs between October and December. Four species of the Simulium damnosum complex are known to breed in a nearby river. The relative role of these species as vectors has yet to be determined. The total population (598 @entity0 ) aged one year and over were examined. Based on microfilarial and nodular rates the prevalence of @entity4 was 68.6%. In @entity0 above 15 years of age this prevalence was 88.9%. Microfilarial and nodular rates were related to age. Severe @entity1 occurred in 1.0% of @entity0 . 24 adults (7.5%) were blind (but the cause of the @entity3 was not determined).

title: XXXX in Sierra Leone. I. Studies on the prevalence and transmission at Gbaiima village.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trans-anal irrigation (TAI) is used widely to treat @entity1 , although evidence for its use in adult chronic functional @entity2 remains unclear. Long-term outcome data are lacking, and the effectiveness of therapy in this @entity0 group is not definitively known. METHODS: Evidence for effectiveness and safety was reviewed and the quality of studies was assessed. Primary research articles of @entity0 with chronic functional @entity2 , treated with TAI as outpatients and published in English in indexed journals were eligible. Searching included major bibliographical databases and search terms: @entity1 , defecation, @entity2 and irrigation. Fixed- and random-effect meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS: Seven eligible uncontrolled studies, including 254 @entity0 , of retrospective or prospective design were identified. The definition of treatment response varied and was investigator-determined. The fixed-effect pooled response rate (the proportion of @entity0 with a positive outcome based on investigator-reported response for each study) was 50.4  % (95 % CI: 44.3-56.5  %) but featured substantial heterogeneity (I(2)   =   67.1  %). A random-effects estimate was similar: 50.9  % (95 % CI: 39.4-62.3  %). Adverse events were inconsistently reported but were commonplace and minor. CONCLUSIONS: The reported success rate of irrigation for functional @entity2 is about 50  %, comparable to or better than the response seen in trials of pharmacological therapies. TAI is a safe treatment benefitting some @entity0 with functional @entity2 , which is a chronic refractory condition. However findings for TAI vary, possibly due to varying methodology and context. Well-designed prospective trials are required to improve the current weak evidence base.

title: Trans-anal irrigation therapy to treat adult chronic functional XXXX : systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two large trials have reported contradictory results at 1 year after @entity5 aspiration in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In a 1-year follow-up of the largest randomised trial of @entity5 aspiration, we aimed to clarify the longer-term benefits, to help guide clinical practice. METHODS: The trial of routine aspiration ThrOmbecTomy with PCI versus PCI ALone in @entity0 with @entity3 (TOTAL) was a prospective, randomised, investigator-initiated trial of routine manual thrombectomy versus percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) alone in 10   732 @entity0 with @entity3 . Eligible adult @entity0 (aged >= 18 years) from 87 hospitals in 20 countries were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1) within 12 h of symptom onset to receive routine manual thrombectomy with PCI or PCI alone. Permuted block randomisation (with variable block size) was done by a 24 h computerised central system, and was stratified by centre. @entity0 and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. The trial did not show a difference at 180 days in the primary outcome of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity7 , or @entity4 . However, the results showed improvements in the surrogate outcomes of @entity6 , but whether or not this finding would translate into a longer term benefit remained unclear. In this longer-term follow-up of the TOTAL study, we report the results on the primary outcome ( @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity7 , or @entity4 ) and secondary outcomes at 1 year. Analyses of the primary outcome were by modified intention to treat and only included @entity0 who underwent index PCI. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01149044. FINDINGS: Between Aug 5, 2010, and July 25, 2014, 10   732 eligible @entity0 were enrolled and randomly assigned to thrombectomy followed by PCI (n=5372) or to PCI alone (n=5360). After exclusions of @entity0 who did not undergo PCI in each group (337 in the PCI and thrombectomy group and 331 in the PCI alone group), the final study population comprised 10   064 @entity0 (5035 thrombectomy and 5029 PCI alone). The primary outcome at 1 year occurred in 395 (8%) of 5035 @entity0 in the thrombectomy group compared with 394 (8%) of 5029 in the PCI alone group (hazard ratio [HR] 1  00 [95% CI 0  87-1  15], p=0  99). @entity2 within 1 year occurred in 179 (4%) of the thrombectomy group and in 192 (4%) of 5029 in the PCI alone group (HR 0  93 [95% CI 0  76-1  14], p=0  48). The key safety outcome, @entity1 within 1 year, occurred in 60 @entity0 (1  2%) in the thrombectomy group compared with 36 (0  7%) in the PCI alone group (HR 1  66 [95% CI 1  10-2  51], p=0  015). INTERPRETATION: Routine @entity5 aspiration during PCI for @entity3 did not reduce longer-term clinical outcomes and might be associated with an increase in @entity1 . As a result, @entity5 aspiration can no longer be recommended as a routine strategy in @entity3 . FUNDING: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canadian Network and Centre for Trials Internationally, and Medtronic Inc.

title: Outcomes after XXXX aspiration for @entity3 : 1-year follow-up of the prospective randomised TOTAL trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two large trials have reported contradictory results at 1 year after @entity5 aspiration in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In a 1-year follow-up of the largest randomised trial of @entity5 aspiration, we aimed to clarify the longer-term benefits, to help guide clinical practice. METHODS: The trial of routine aspiration ThrOmbecTomy with PCI versus PCI ALone in @entity0 with @entity3 (TOTAL) was a prospective, randomised, investigator-initiated trial of routine manual thrombectomy versus percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) alone in 10   732 @entity0 with @entity3 . Eligible adult @entity0 (aged >= 18 years) from 87 hospitals in 20 countries were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1) within 12 h of symptom onset to receive routine manual thrombectomy with PCI or PCI alone. Permuted block randomisation (with variable block size) was done by a 24 h computerised central system, and was stratified by centre. @entity0 and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. The trial did not show a difference at 180 days in the primary outcome of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity7 , or @entity4 . However, the results showed improvements in the surrogate outcomes of @entity6 , but whether or not this finding would translate into a longer term benefit remained unclear. In this longer-term follow-up of the TOTAL study, we report the results on the primary outcome ( @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity7 , or @entity4 ) and secondary outcomes at 1 year. Analyses of the primary outcome were by modified intention to treat and only included @entity0 who underwent index PCI. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01149044. FINDINGS: Between Aug 5, 2010, and July 25, 2014, 10   732 eligible @entity0 were enrolled and randomly assigned to thrombectomy followed by PCI (n=5372) or to PCI alone (n=5360). After exclusions of @entity0 who did not undergo PCI in each group (337 in the PCI and thrombectomy group and 331 in the PCI alone group), the final study population comprised 10   064 @entity0 (5035 thrombectomy and 5029 PCI alone). The primary outcome at 1 year occurred in 395 (8%) of 5035 @entity0 in the thrombectomy group compared with 394 (8%) of 5029 in the PCI alone group (hazard ratio [HR] 1  00 [95% CI 0  87-1  15], p=0  99). @entity2 within 1 year occurred in 179 (4%) of the thrombectomy group and in 192 (4%) of 5029 in the PCI alone group (HR 0  93 [95% CI 0  76-1  14], p=0  48). The key safety outcome, @entity1 within 1 year, occurred in 60 @entity0 (1  2%) in the thrombectomy group compared with 36 (0  7%) in the PCI alone group (HR 1  66 [95% CI 1  10-2  51], p=0  015). INTERPRETATION: Routine @entity5 aspiration during PCI for @entity3 did not reduce longer-term clinical outcomes and might be associated with an increase in @entity1 . As a result, @entity5 aspiration can no longer be recommended as a routine strategy in @entity3 . FUNDING: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canadian Network and Centre for Trials Internationally, and Medtronic Inc.

title: Outcomes after @entity5 aspiration for XXXX : 1-year follow-up of the prospective randomised TOTAL trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Commercially available blood can be used as an alternative to live animals to maintain mosquito colonies and deliver infectious bloodmeals during research studies. We analyzed the extent to which two methods for @entity3 removal (defibrination or addition of @entity4 ) affected life table characteristics (i.e., fecundity, fertility, hatch rate, and adult survival) and vector competence ( @entity1 , dissemination, and transmission) of @entity0 (Skuse) for dengue virus (DENV). Two types of @entity2 blood were tested at two extrinsic incubation temperatures (27 or 30  C) for DENV-infected and uninfected mosquitoes. Fully engorged mosquitoes were transferred to individual cages containing an oviposition cup and a substrate. Eggs (fecundity) and hatched larvae (fertility) were counted. At 14 and 21   d post feeding on a DENV-infected bloodmeal, 15 mosquitoes were sampled from each group, and vector competence was analyzed (bodies [ @entity1 ], legs [dissemination], and saliva [transmission]). Differences in life table characteristics and vector competence were analyzed for mosquitoes fed blood processed using different methods for removal of coagulates. The method for removal of coagulates significantly impacted fecundity, fertility, and hatch time in the uninfected group, but not DENV-infected group. Infected mosquitoes showed significantly higher fecundity and faster hatch time than uninfected mosquitoes. We show no significant differences in @entity1 or dissemination rates between groups; however, horizontal transmission rate was significantly higher in mosquitoes fed DENV-infected citrated compared with defibrinated blood. We expect the findings of this study to inform research using artificial blood delivery methods to assess vector competence.

title: Effects of Blood Coagulate Removal Method on XXXX (Diptera: Culicidae) Life Table Characteristics and Vector Competence for Dengue Virus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This work reports the molecular cloning and expression of a synthetic gene encoding P2, a 7-kDa ribonuclease (RNase) previously isolated in our laboratory from the archaebacterium @entity6 [Fusi et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 211 (1993) 305-310]. The P2-encoding synthetic gene was expressed in @entity2 and in @entity0 . The recombinant (re-) protein was produced to approx. 1.5% of the total protein content in @entity0 using the @entity3 -inducible @entity5 promoter and to 3% (tac/lac tandem promoters) or 6.5% (T7 promoter) in @entity2 as judged by immunological and biochemical criteria. @entity2 -produced P2 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity through a one-step procedure, i.e., @entity4 -Sephacel chromatography at pH 9.3. @entity0 -produced P2 additionally required filtration through a Centricon-10 microconcentrator to obtain the same purity. The re-P2 was found to be indistinguishable from the Su. solfataricus enzyme on the basis of heat stability, pH optimum and RNA digestion pattern. Furthermore, monodimensional nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the @entity2 - and Su. solfataricus-produced enzymes were structurally identical, the only exceptions being that Lys4 and Lys6 were not methylated in the re-enzyme, thus showing that @entity1 methylation does not play a role in P2 thermostabilization.

title: Expression of a synthetic gene encoding P2 ribonuclease from the extreme thermoacidophilic archaebacterium XXXX in mesophylic hosts.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) combined with foam dressing on wound healing in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Complete @entity2 was induced in 49 male @entity0 at the T11-L1 level, after which a pressure @entity1 was induced on the left thigh. The newly invented surface electrode, which was fitted with foam inside, was applied to the @entity1 . @entity0 were divided into 2 groups as follows: the @entity3 group, which received foam dressings and @entity3 (2 Hz and 200-microsecond duration, 15 mA) for 4 times a day, 30 minutes each, for 3 weeks; and the control group, which received the foam dressings without @entity3 . The @entity1 area was measured by taking a photograph daily from day 0 to day 21. Histopathologic and immune-histochemical evaluations were performed on day 1 and days 7, 14, and 21. RESULTS: The area of the @entity1 of the @entity3 group was smaller than that of the control group after day 14 (P < .05). In the @entity3 group, the vascularity was significantly greater on day 14 and more decreased on day 21 compared with day 7 than that in the control group (P < .05). In the @entity3 group, the area of positive reaction to anti-a-SMA antibody was increased compared with the control group on days 7 and 14 and decreased on day 21 (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Electrical stimulation combined with foam dressing by means of newly invented surface electrodes facilitates and accelerates the wound-healing process.

title: The Effect of Electrical Stimulation Combined with Foam Dressing on XXXX in @entity0 with @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) combined with foam dressing on wound healing in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Complete @entity2 was induced in 49 male @entity0 at the T11-L1 level, after which a pressure @entity1 was induced on the left thigh. The newly invented surface electrode, which was fitted with foam inside, was applied to the @entity1 . @entity0 were divided into 2 groups as follows: the @entity3 group, which received foam dressings and @entity3 (2 Hz and 200-microsecond duration, 15 mA) for 4 times a day, 30 minutes each, for 3 weeks; and the control group, which received the foam dressings without @entity3 . The @entity1 area was measured by taking a photograph daily from day 0 to day 21. Histopathologic and immune-histochemical evaluations were performed on day 1 and days 7, 14, and 21. RESULTS: The area of the @entity1 of the @entity3 group was smaller than that of the control group after day 14 (P < .05). In the @entity3 group, the vascularity was significantly greater on day 14 and more decreased on day 21 compared with day 7 than that in the control group (P < .05). In the @entity3 group, the area of positive reaction to anti-a-SMA antibody was increased compared with the control group on days 7 and 14 and decreased on day 21 (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Electrical stimulation combined with foam dressing by means of newly invented surface electrodes facilitates and accelerates the wound-healing process.

title: The Effect of Electrical Stimulation Combined with Foam Dressing on @entity1 in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) combined with foam dressing on wound healing in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Complete @entity2 was induced in 49 male @entity0 at the T11-L1 level, after which a pressure @entity1 was induced on the left thigh. The newly invented surface electrode, which was fitted with foam inside, was applied to the @entity1 . @entity0 were divided into 2 groups as follows: the @entity3 group, which received foam dressings and @entity3 (2 Hz and 200-microsecond duration, 15 mA) for 4 times a day, 30 minutes each, for 3 weeks; and the control group, which received the foam dressings without @entity3 . The @entity1 area was measured by taking a photograph daily from day 0 to day 21. Histopathologic and immune-histochemical evaluations were performed on day 1 and days 7, 14, and 21. RESULTS: The area of the @entity1 of the @entity3 group was smaller than that of the control group after day 14 (P < .05). In the @entity3 group, the vascularity was significantly greater on day 14 and more decreased on day 21 compared with day 7 than that in the control group (P < .05). In the @entity3 group, the area of positive reaction to anti-a-SMA antibody was increased compared with the control group on days 7 and 14 and decreased on day 21 (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Electrical stimulation combined with foam dressing by means of newly invented surface electrodes facilitates and accelerates the wound-healing process.

title: The Effect of Electrical Stimulation Combined with Foam Dressing on @entity1 in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Colonization of @entity0 @entity3 with cytotoxic strains of the bacterium @entity4 is associated with peptic ulcer and with chronic @entity5 . Since little is known about the T-cell response to @entity4 , we investigated the CD4+ T-cell response both in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and at the site of infection. First, we compared the bulk PBMC proliferative response to the bacterium in individuals with and without symptoms of @entity1 . We found that the PBMCs from virtually all individuals proliferate in response to heat-inactivated bacteria. Second, we cloned @entity4 -specific CD4+ T lymphocytes from the PBMCs of three @entity0 and from both the @entity3 and PBMCs of a fourth @entity0 . We have found that CD4+ T-cell clones specific for @entity4 from peripheral blood samples and gastric mucosae of infected @entity0 are major histocompatibility complex class II restricted and discriminate between several cytotoxic and noncytotoxic bacterial strains. Moreover, they are polyclonal in terms of T-cell receptor usage and major histocompatibility complex restriction. Our results demonstrate that the T-cell response to the whole bacterium in PBMCs does not correlate with antibody response, @entity2 . However, @entity4 -specific CD4+ T cells are detectable, at the clonal level, in both the @entity3 @entity0 . Localization of these cells at the site of disease suggests they are effectors of the immune response to the bacteria.

title: XXXX -specific CD4+ T-cell clones from peripheral blood and gastric biopsies.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is defined as @entity4 that persists for >3 months; it is caused by a heterogeneous group of diseases in @entity0 . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the significance and clinical manifestations of @entity5 in @entity0 at a single @entity0 's hospital. Between October 2004 and April 2014, @entity5 @entity0 data were evaluated retrospectively. Thirty-one @entity0 were assessed in this study. Thirteen of them (41.9%) were younger than 12 months of age at initial diagnosis. There was no difference in the absolute number of neutrophils at diagnosis between the @entity0 aged younger than 12 months and those aged 12 months and older at @entity5 onset. Twenty-two of the @entity0 (70.9%) were diagnosed during treatment for @entity2 . A total of 11 @entity0 (35.5%) were hospitalized because of recurrent infections. Most of the recurrent infections occurred in the lungs (81.8%). @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was identified in 14 @entity0 (45.1%). Eight of 14 @entity0 (57.1%) required @entity3 treatment, and none of them experienced adverse effects from this treatment. Fifteen @entity0 (48.3%) were diagnosed with @entity4 . Comparison between the idiopathic and @entity6 groups revealed no differences in age, the absolute number of neutrophils, or the presence of @entity1 at diagnosis; however, differences were detected in sex and the rate of spontaneous recovery from @entity4 . Ten of the @entity0 (32.2%) experienced spontaneous recovery from @entity4 during a follow-up period of 7 to 52 months. In current study, we found a higher @entity6 ratio in the @entity5 @entity0 compared with previous reports, which may be due to the high rate of consanguineous marriages in our country. However, the finding of @entity5 requires several laboratory investigations, prolonged follow-up, and advanced molecular analysis, and its etiology can remain idiopathic.

title: XXXX in Childhood: Experience From a Single Center.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) report @entity4 in addition to acute and @entity3 , which can decrease overall @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The primary objective of the current study was to investigate the relationship between @entity4 and @entity2 . Given limited prior research, secondary objectives included investigation of associations between @entity4 and functional outcomes, including @entity0 neurocognitive and social-emotional functioning. @entity0 aged 8 to 16 years (N=32) and a caregiver completed measures of @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity1 , and neurocognitive and social-emotional functioning. Controlling for @entity1 and number of @entity5 -related hospitalizations, hierarchical linear regression models were used to determine the impact of @entity0 -reported and parent-reported @entity4 on @entity0 @entity2 . Correlational analyses were used to explore the relationship between @entity4 and additional @entity0 outcomes. Data indicated that @entity0 with @entity5 experience clinically relevant levels of @entity4 , which independently predicts lower @entity2 . Fatigue was also associated with lower working memory, executive functioning, and higher levels of internalizing symptoms. Given its observed impact on @entity2 and relationship to functional outcomes, @entity4 may be an important target of clinical, home, or school interventions. This practice may attenuate the burden of @entity4 in these @entity0 , and in turn, help improve the quality of life of @entity0 living with @entity5 .

title: Fatigue in @entity0 With XXXX : Association With Neurocognitive and Social-Emotional Functioning and Quality of Life.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) report @entity4 in addition to acute and @entity3 , which can decrease overall @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The primary objective of the current study was to investigate the relationship between @entity4 and @entity2 . Given limited prior research, secondary objectives included investigation of associations between @entity4 and functional outcomes, including @entity0 neurocognitive and social-emotional functioning. @entity0 aged 8 to 16 years (N=32) and a caregiver completed measures of @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity1 , and neurocognitive and social-emotional functioning. Controlling for @entity1 and number of @entity5 -related hospitalizations, hierarchical linear regression models were used to determine the impact of @entity0 -reported and parent-reported @entity4 on @entity0 @entity2 . Correlational analyses were used to explore the relationship between @entity4 and additional @entity0 outcomes. Data indicated that @entity0 with @entity5 experience clinically relevant levels of @entity4 , which independently predicts lower @entity2 . Fatigue was also associated with lower working memory, executive functioning, and higher levels of internalizing symptoms. Given its observed impact on @entity2 and relationship to functional outcomes, @entity4 may be an important target of clinical, home, or school interventions. This practice may attenuate the burden of @entity4 in these @entity0 , and in turn, help improve the quality of life of @entity0 living with @entity5 .

title: Fatigue in XXXX With @entity5 : Association With Neurocognitive and Social-Emotional Functioning and Quality of Life.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In this study, we analyzed the reliability and usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of T-cell receptor ( @entity4 )gamma gene monoclonal rearrangement. We first tested for the specificity and sensitivity of this strategy, against the classical criteria of Southern blot analysis (SBA). Of the 27 samples tested, results agreed in all but two. Broader analysis of these cases demonstrated the high specificity (absence of false positives) of the PCR strategy, together with its limited sensitivity (10% of false negatives). The usefulness of this PCR approach was then tested on a panel of 28 biopsy specimens of @entity2 . Monoclonal @entity4 gamma rearrangement was detected in seven of eight cases of early stage @entity3 ( @entity3 ), one of two @entity6 ( @entity6 ) cases, two of two non- @entity3 @entity1 , and two of three @entity5 . Monoclonality was not detected in any of the 11 benign cases ( @entity7 and @entity0 ). Results obtained with this new molecular strategy provide additional support for the hypothesis of a monoclonal origin for most early stage T-cell @entity3 . They also suggest the heterogeneous nature of some @entity5 . Therefore, due to the difficulty in detecting T-cell monoclonality by immunohistochemical techniques, PCR can be a useful alternative strategy to SBA. It could also be used as a complementary technique in the routine diagnosis of T-cell cutaneous infiltrates.

title: Value of PCR detection of XXXX gamma gene rearrangement in the diagnosis of @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In this study, we analyzed the reliability and usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of T-cell receptor ( @entity4 )gamma gene monoclonal rearrangement. We first tested for the specificity and sensitivity of this strategy, against the classical criteria of Southern blot analysis (SBA). Of the 27 samples tested, results agreed in all but two. Broader analysis of these cases demonstrated the high specificity (absence of false positives) of the PCR strategy, together with its limited sensitivity (10% of false negatives). The usefulness of this PCR approach was then tested on a panel of 28 biopsy specimens of @entity2 . Monoclonal @entity4 gamma rearrangement was detected in seven of eight cases of early stage @entity3 ( @entity3 ), one of two @entity6 ( @entity6 ) cases, two of two non- @entity3 @entity1 , and two of three @entity5 . Monoclonality was not detected in any of the 11 benign cases ( @entity7 and @entity0 ). Results obtained with this new molecular strategy provide additional support for the hypothesis of a monoclonal origin for most early stage T-cell @entity3 . They also suggest the heterogeneous nature of some @entity5 . Therefore, due to the difficulty in detecting T-cell monoclonality by immunohistochemical techniques, PCR can be a useful alternative strategy to SBA. It could also be used as a complementary technique in the routine diagnosis of T-cell cutaneous infiltrates.

title: Value of PCR detection of @entity4 gamma gene rearrangement in the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the level of sICAM-1 in sera of @entity1 and euthyroid @entity0 with @entity5 and find correlation between thyroid function, anti-TSH receptor as well as anti-thyroid antibodies. Comparative determination of sICAM-1, TSH and thyroid hormones, anti-TSH receptor- as well as anti-thyroglobin-, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies was made in sera of Graves' @entity0 . Thirty @entity0 with untreated @entity5 (12 had @entity7 ) were studied before and after @entity6 treatment. sICAM-1 was measured by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies to @entity0 @entity4 . The sICAM-1 was significantly elevated in @entity5 ' @entity0 (738.9 +/- 151 ng/ml) compared to controls (212 +/- 42 ng/ml) (p < 0.0001). Both in @entity1 and euthyroid Graves' groups with @entity7 the sICAM-1 proved to be higher than those without @entity7 . Correlations were observed between sICAM-1 and serum @entity3 , @entity2 and anti-TSH receptor antibodies (r = 0.91, 0.83 and 0.61, respectively). There was, however, no association of serum @entity4 levels with anti-thyroid peroxidase or anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. It was concluded that elevation of sICAM-1 can be the consequence of @entity1 and the autoimmune processes mediated by anti-TSH receptor antibodies as well as cytokines. The elevated level of sICAM-1 might be important both in regulation of autoimmune mechanism and "homing" phenomenon of lymphocytes in @entity5 .

title: Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: For the first time, radiofrequency alternating current ablation of the AV-conduction system was performed in a 49-year-old female @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 with fast @entity3 , refractory to medical therapy, and two conventional DC-shock catheter ablation procedures. Without underlying @entity1 , the @entity0 had experienced almost daily episodes of @entity2 with a total of 10 @entity4 . An electrophysiological study had revealed an ectopic right- @entity2 and fast AV conduction up to a rate of more than 180 bpm. Soon after conventional right atrial catheter ablation, @entity2 with normal AV-conduction had recurred. Therefore, after catheter positioning (Lumelec, Cordis) at the proximal His bundle, 5 alternating current high-frequency pulses with an output energy of up to 50 W were applied under general anaesthesia. After the fourth application, the ECG revealed @entity3 with a His-bundle escape rhythm of 50 bpm. No complications occurred. Subsequent echocardiography did not reveal any pathological changes. The @entity0 was put on anticoagulant therapy for the following 3 months and discharged after implantation of a permanent, activity-controlled pacemaker system (Activitrax, Medtronic). @entity3 was persistent within a follow-up period of 3 months.

title: [Initial experiences with high-frequency electric ablation of the AV conduction system in the XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Fourteen cases of an anterior inferior angle @entity2 of the @entity3 treated in the Orthopaedic Department of the University of Athens from January 1970 to December 1992 were analysed. The mean follow-up time was 8.5 years. The so-called "tear drop" @entity2 of the @entity3 composes a special entity characterised by an avulsed fragment, of varying size, from the anterior inferior angle of the body of the @entity3 as a result of @entity4 . This @entity1 is not a frequent one, representing 3% of the cervical spine trauma in our Department. There were eight @entity0 and six @entity0 with a mean age of 47 years. Road traffic accident is by far the most common mode of aetiology. The stability of this lesion is questioned by certain authors, resulting in disagreement concerning the choice of treatment to be followed. All the @entity0 in our series were treated conservatively, consisting at the beginning with Glisson traction and then the use of a simple cervical collar. The rotation of the detached fragment, its anterior displacement, the posterior displacement of the vertebral body as well as the presence of instability at the @entity5 levels were analysed. The high incidence of co-existing lesions at the same or at a more distal level is discussed. This study revealed that there was no significant displacement of the vertebral body, and thus disturbance of the posterior ligaments, rendering the @entity2 stable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The "tear drop" (or avulsed) XXXX of the anterior inferior angle of the @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fourteen cases of an anterior inferior angle @entity2 of the @entity3 treated in the Orthopaedic Department of the University of Athens from January 1970 to December 1992 were analysed. The mean follow-up time was 8.5 years. The so-called "tear drop" @entity2 of the @entity3 composes a special entity characterised by an avulsed fragment, of varying size, from the anterior inferior angle of the body of the @entity3 as a result of @entity4 . This @entity1 is not a frequent one, representing 3% of the cervical spine trauma in our Department. There were eight @entity0 and six @entity0 with a mean age of 47 years. Road traffic accident is by far the most common mode of aetiology. The stability of this lesion is questioned by certain authors, resulting in disagreement concerning the choice of treatment to be followed. All the @entity0 in our series were treated conservatively, consisting at the beginning with Glisson traction and then the use of a simple cervical collar. The rotation of the detached fragment, its anterior displacement, the posterior displacement of the vertebral body as well as the presence of instability at the @entity5 levels were analysed. The high incidence of co-existing lesions at the same or at a more distal level is discussed. This study revealed that there was no significant displacement of the vertebral body, and thus disturbance of the posterior ligaments, rendering the @entity2 stable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The "tear drop" (or avulsed) @entity2 of the anterior inferior angle of the XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Thirty-eight cases of a "tear drop" @entity4 of the lower cervical spine treated in our department during the last 20 years are reported. They represent 8.3% of all cervical injuries. We classified our cases into four types with regard to the extent of the @entity2 and the resulting posterior displacement of the vertebral body. @entity5 is of paramount importance. @entity1 were present in 52.6% of the @entity0 , and they were related to the @entity3 . Five @entity0 died, and 33 were followed up for a mean period of 10 years. Five @entity0 were operated on. All @entity0 with a complete @entity1 remained unchanged irrespective of the type of treatment. Incomplete @entity1 showed a better tendency to recover after surgical treatment. Types III and IV are the more serious lesions, and they represent an absolute indication for surgical treatment. Type I is more benign and, if treated properly, has a good prognosis similar to type II.

title: The anterior inferior angle XXXX of a lower cervical vertebra.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Two-dimensional @entity2 gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) is one of the most powerful separation techniques for complex protein solutions. The proteins are first separated according to their isoelectric point, driven by an electric field across a pH gradient. The pH gradient necessary for the separation according to isoelectric point (pL) is usually established by electrophoresing carrier ampholytes prior to and/or concomitantly with the sample. The second dimension is usually a separation according to molecular size. Mostly this separation is performed after complete denaturation of the proteins by @entity3 and @entity4 ( @entity0 -PAGE). This standard method has considerable disadvantages when relatively hydrophobic membrane proteins are to be separated: cathodic drift, resulting in nonreproducible separation, and the denaturation of the proteins, mostly making it impossible to detect native properties of the proteins after separation (e.g., enzymatic activity, antigenicity, intact multimers, and so on). The protocols presented here take care of most of these obstacles. However, there is probably no universal procedure that can guarantee success at first try for any mixture of membrane proteins; some experimentation will be necessary for optimization. Two procedures are each presented: a denaturing (with @entity1 ) and a nondenaturing method for IEF in immobilized pH gradient gels using Immobilines, and a denaturing (with @entity0 and @entity4 ) and a nondenaturing technique (with CHAPS) for the second dimension. Essential tips and tricks are presented to keep frustrations of the newcomer at a low level.

title: Two-dimensional XXXX gel electrophoresis of membrane proteins.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: After radiation therapy most @entity1 experience @entity3 to some degree. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the available evidence concerning the effectivity of topical therapies on @entity1 with @entity0 that experience @entity8 after radiotherapy. METHOD: The review included clinical trials aimed to evaluate topical therapies for prevention or treatment of acute @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity0 , which were published between 2009 and 2014. The bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Cinahl, Cochrane Plus, IBECS and LILACS. The studies were selected independently by peer reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme in its Spanish version. RESULTS: 86 bibliographical references were identified. Twenty full-text articles of clinical trials were assessed and two were excluded because they were not completed; 12 of clinical trials evaluated topical treatment with creams and ointments, three with corticosteroid creams and other three with dressings. The effectivity of @entity1 epidermal growth factor cream, @entity7 emulsion, topical @entity5 , @entity4 creams and @entity6 dressings has been shown in these clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: Given that @entity8 is a dynamic process, these topical agents were effective in different stages of @entity3 . Some of them delayed the onset, others decreased the development and severity of @entity3 degree and others improved the subjective symptoms ( @entity2 , pain, burning). Only @entity6 dressings suggest effectiveness in all stages of @entity3 , in prevention, management of the different @entity3 degrees and improvement of wellbeing.

title: [Efectiveness of topical therapies in @entity1 with @entity0 that experience XXXX . A systematic review].

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: After radiation therapy most @entity1 experience @entity3 to some degree. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the available evidence concerning the effectivity of topical therapies on @entity1 with @entity0 that experience @entity8 after radiotherapy. METHOD: The review included clinical trials aimed to evaluate topical therapies for prevention or treatment of acute @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity0 , which were published between 2009 and 2014. The bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Cinahl, Cochrane Plus, IBECS and LILACS. The studies were selected independently by peer reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme in its Spanish version. RESULTS: 86 bibliographical references were identified. Twenty full-text articles of clinical trials were assessed and two were excluded because they were not completed; 12 of clinical trials evaluated topical treatment with creams and ointments, three with corticosteroid creams and other three with dressings. The effectivity of @entity1 epidermal growth factor cream, @entity7 emulsion, topical @entity5 , @entity4 creams and @entity6 dressings has been shown in these clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: Given that @entity8 is a dynamic process, these topical agents were effective in different stages of @entity3 . Some of them delayed the onset, others decreased the development and severity of @entity3 degree and others improved the subjective symptoms ( @entity2 , pain, burning). Only @entity6 dressings suggest effectiveness in all stages of @entity3 , in prevention, management of the different @entity3 degrees and improvement of wellbeing.

title: [Efectiveness of topical therapies in @entity1 with XXXX that experience @entity8 . A systematic review].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: After radiation therapy most @entity1 experience @entity3 to some degree. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the available evidence concerning the effectivity of topical therapies on @entity1 with @entity0 that experience @entity8 after radiotherapy. METHOD: The review included clinical trials aimed to evaluate topical therapies for prevention or treatment of acute @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity0 , which were published between 2009 and 2014. The bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Cinahl, Cochrane Plus, IBECS and LILACS. The studies were selected independently by peer reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme in its Spanish version. RESULTS: 86 bibliographical references were identified. Twenty full-text articles of clinical trials were assessed and two were excluded because they were not completed; 12 of clinical trials evaluated topical treatment with creams and ointments, three with corticosteroid creams and other three with dressings. The effectivity of @entity1 epidermal growth factor cream, @entity7 emulsion, topical @entity5 , @entity4 creams and @entity6 dressings has been shown in these clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: Given that @entity8 is a dynamic process, these topical agents were effective in different stages of @entity3 . Some of them delayed the onset, others decreased the development and severity of @entity3 degree and others improved the subjective symptoms ( @entity2 , pain, burning). Only @entity6 dressings suggest effectiveness in all stages of @entity3 , in prevention, management of the different @entity3 degrees and improvement of wellbeing.

title: [Efectiveness of topical therapies in XXXX with @entity0 that experience @entity8 . A systematic review].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate Paraoxanase 1 (PON-1) activity in @entity0 with ST-elevated and non-ST-elevated @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and to determine its correlation with Gensini scores (GSs). METHODS: A total of 109 @entity0 with @entity2 and 58 healthy subjects as control group were included in the study. @entity0 were divided into 2 subgroups as ST-elevated and non-ST-elevated @entity2 @entity0 (Group I and II, respectively). Controls were named as Group III. PON-1 activity was determined on admission to emergency department for each group. In addition, GSs for @entity0 groups were determined. Then, groups were compared according to their results. RESULTS: PON-1 levels in Group I and II were significantly lower when compared to Group III. Median GSs for Group I and II were 60 and 64, respectively. The cut-off value of PON-1 for diagnosis of @entity2 was  <=180 U/L, which was identified by receiver characteristics receiver curve analysis. However, we could not determine a significant relationship between serum PON-1 levels and GSs in @entity0 with @entity2 . CONCLUSION: PON-1 levels measured on admission to emergency department may be used to rule out @entity2 . PON-1 levels in @entity2 @entity0 are found to be inefficient in determining extension of @entity1 measured by GS.

title: Paraoxanase as an indicator of myocardial ischemia and its utility in determining extension of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Countries are increasingly requesting guidance on carrying out acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, aimed at detecting and confirming all cases of @entity1 . The experience of Oman provides many lessons in this respect. AFP surveillance in Oman was established systematically. First, an epidemiologist was assigned to coordinate surveillance, and a laboratory for performing polio-virus isolation was identified. Next, operational guidelines for AFP surveillance were developed and widely promoted among health staff. The quality of the system has been monitored for more than 3 years with selected performance indicators. From January 1990 to April 1993, 49 AFP cases were reported, corresponding to an average annual rate of 2.1 AFP cases per 100,000 @entity0 aged less than 15 years. A total of 98% of the AFP cases were investigated within 48 hours of being reported; two stool samples were obtained from 94% of the cases. Following complete investigation, nearly a third of the reported AFP cases were classified as being clinically compatible with @entity2 . Four AFP cases, all reported in 1991, were confirmed to be due to wild type 3 @entity3 . Because AFP surveillance detected these cases rapidly, Oman was able to carry out outbreak control measures promptly and more than 350,000 extra doses of oral @entity3 vaccine were delivered to @entity0 under 6 years of age.

title: XXXX in Oman: acute flaccid paralysis surveillance leading to early detection and rapid response to a type 3 outbreak.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Using purified rabbit polyclonal antibodies to SEA, avidin- @entity2 system and capture ELISA technique, we observed the dynamic changes in the level of the circulating soluble egg antigen-antibody complex (SEAIC) in @entity0 sera at various weeks post infection. Simultaneously, the diameter and area of liver egg @entity1 were measured by using profile analytical technique. Serum SEAIC was first detected 4 weeks post infection (p.i.), reaching peak level at 6-7th week, and then gradually dropped, and maintained at moderately high level till the end of the observation (12 weeks p.i.). Schistosome eggs appeared in liver tissue at 4 weeks p.i. No egg @entity1 could be found until 6 weeks p.i. The peak of the average diameter and area of liver egg @entity1 was noted at 7 weeks p.i., then dropped gradually. Its dynamic changes were consistent with that of the serum SEAIC level. It is therefore suggested that the serum SEAIC level could be a reference index reflecting the extent of the pathological changes of the liver. Moreover, SEAIC might play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity3 japonica.

title: [Dynamic study on relationship between serum SEAIC level and hepatic pathological changes in XXXX infected with Schistosoma japonicum].

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The use of galectin-3 ThyroTest in the preoperative evaluation of cytologically indeterminate (Thy-3) thyroid nodules has been largely validated by retrospective and prospective multicentre studies. Here we report the results of galectin-3 ThyroTest routinely applied in the management of Thy-3 nodules in combination with clinical and ultrasonography (US) examination, in which galectin-3 positive nodules were directly referred to surgery whereas galectin-3 negative lesions were considered for clinical and US long-term follow-up. A cohort of 331 @entity0 , bearing 340 thyroid Thy-3 nodules, was enrolled and subjected to galectin-3 expression analysis. A total of 256 galectin-3 negative nodules were directed to periodical clinical and US examination, while 84 galectin-3 positive cases were referred to surgery. Excluding 63 dropout @entity0 plus 15 @entity0 that were operated because of clinical reasons the remaining 176 galectin-3 negative nodules were followed with clinical and US examination for an average period of 31  months. During the follow-up, the volume of galectin-3 negative nodules was unchanged in 85 cases (48  %), reduced in 47 (27  %), and increased in 44 (25  %). Based on combined clinical features and US follow-up results, a total of 36 out of 191 galectin-3 negative nodules (19  %) were referred to surgery, with a final histological finding of 28 benign lesions, three @entity1 of uncertain malignant potential (FT-UMP), and five malignant lesions, corresponding to a 7  % false negative rate. In the group of 84 galectin-3 positive nodules, we detected 65 @entity2 with a prevalence of 77  %, 12 FT-UMPs, and 7 false positive lesions, corresponding to a 4  % false positive rate. A total of 150 @entity0 were not operated and are still under clinical and US monitoring while surgery was performed in 118 @entity0 with a final 70 @entity2 diagnosed, corresponding to a 59  % prevalence of @entity1 detected at surgery and to a 26  % prevalence of @entity1 among the entire Thy-3 nodule population. Galectin-3 ThyroTest is an easy and cheap diagnostic procedure that integrates conventional fine-needle-aspiration cytology, reduces the number of unnecessary thyroidectomies and increases the rate of @entity1 at surgery. Clinical and US follow-up of galectin-3 negative lesions allows to further reduce false negative cases.

title: Combined clinical and ultrasound follow-up assists in XXXX detection in Galectin-3 negative Thy-3 thyroid nodules.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity3 is an interesting phenomenon almost exclusively confined to regions of @entity4 . A majority of @entity0 with @entity3 usually desire operation for social and cosmetic reasons. Some of them however suffer frequent attacks of intercurrent @entity2 which complicates the post-operative course. About a fifth of them present with acute @entity1 requiring emergency surgery. The peri-operative management of this disease is both formidable and hazardous. The operative time is not only longer than for a standard thyroidectomy but mortality can also be unacceptably high. In this paper the author reports his personal experience with 30 @entity0 whose resected specimens weighed between 500g and 1750g. There was a total of six complications; one @entity0 developed a deep haematoma which produced @entity1 post-operatively. Five @entity0 developed suture abscesses at intervals after the operation. There was no mortality.

title: XXXX : a surgical scourge.

answer: @entity3


abstract: During the past 10 years 311 consecutive @entity0 were admitted with 342 episodes of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). There were 193 cases of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 149 cases of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) as determined by interpretation of the abdominal radiographs done on admission. The purpose of this review was to determine the reliability of the admission plain abdominal radiographs and subsequent upper gastrointestinal (UGI) contrast studies in predicting the need for operative intervention. The use of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) versus nasointestinal (long) tubes (NIT) was correlated with the following outcome variables; length of hospital stay (LOS), timing of operative intervention, incidence of @entity2 , and duration of @entity1 . Long tubes (NIT) were used in 64 episodes of @entity3 and 81 episodes of @entity3 , whereas @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were used in 116 cases of @entity3 and 68 cases of @entity3 . Thirty-eight of 193 (19%) @entity0 with @entity3 required operation (20 of 116 with @entity4 and 18 of 64 with NIT), whereas 125 of 149 (84%) @entity0 with @entity3 required operation (60 of 68 with @entity4 and 65 of 81 with NIT). Need for operation was not correlated with whether or not long tubes passed beyond the pylorus; 50 passed versus 33 not passed in operative groups (p = 0.15). Twelve of 83 @entity0 with NIT had operation within 24 hours versus 52 of 80 @entity0 with @entity4 (p less than 0.001). In six of 64 @entity0 who had surgery within 24 hours, complications developed versus in 39 of 99 @entity0 operated on more than 24 hours after admission (p less than or equal to 0.001). In 29 of 83 @entity0 treated with NIT, @entity2 developed versus in 16 of 80 @entity0 with @entity4 (p less than or equal to 0.04). The mean duration of @entity1 in @entity0 with NIT was 7 days versus 4.1 days for @entity4 @entity0 (p less than 0.001). The mean LOS was 12.2 days for @entity4 @entity0 versus 21 days for @entity0 with NIT (p less than 0.001). Barium UGI contrast studies were performed in 57 @entity0 to establish the presence of obstruction. In 34 of 57 @entity0 the UGI disclosed mechanical obstruction that required operative intervention. In the remaining 23 @entity0 no obstruction was demonstrated, and all 23 @entity0 recovered without operation. In conclusion, there is no inherent superiority of NIT versus @entity4 in the treatment of @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Use of tubes and radiographs in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The utility of the @entity2 ( @entity2 rd) labelling technique for the quantitative analysis of spermatogenic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis was investigated in the @entity0 . @entity0 testicles were labelled by a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg kg-1 of BrdUrd. The testicles were removed 1 h after injection, fixed in Bouin's fluid and embedded in paraffin. BrdUrd-labelled cells were detected by immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal anti-BrdUrd antibody. The number of BrdUrd-labelled tubules per total number of tubules (percent L.T.), the number of BrdUrd-labelled cells per total number of tubules (tubular ratio) and the number of BrdUrd-labelled cells per number of Sertoli cells (Sertoli cell ratio in BrdUrd-labelled cells) were calculated as indices of spermatogenic DNA synthesis during each stage of the seminiferous epithelial wave. BrdUrd labelling was found exclusively in the nuclei of spermatogonia and in preleptotene spermatocytes in the seminiferous epithelium. The percent L.T. was generally greater than 50%, except in stages VI, VII and XIV, and the tubular as well as Sertoli cell ratios in BrdUrd-labelled cells was greater than 2.0 and 0.15, respectively, in stages I, II-III, V, VIII, X, and XII. The tubular ratio and Sertoli cell ratio in BrdUrd-labelled cells along the seminiferous epithelial wave had two distinct peaks. The distribution of the tubular ratio using the BrdUrd-labelling technique correlated well with the distribution previously established by measuring tritiated @entity1 uptake per tubule. Thus, the BrdUrd labelling technique, which is more efficient than the tritiated @entity1 labelling technique, can be used to quantitatively evaluate spermatogenic DNA synthesis.

title: Quantitative analysis of spermatogenic DNA synthesis in the @entity0 using a monoclonal anti- XXXX antibody.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The utility of the @entity2 ( @entity2 rd) labelling technique for the quantitative analysis of spermatogenic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis was investigated in the @entity0 . @entity0 testicles were labelled by a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg kg-1 of BrdUrd. The testicles were removed 1 h after injection, fixed in Bouin's fluid and embedded in paraffin. BrdUrd-labelled cells were detected by immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal anti-BrdUrd antibody. The number of BrdUrd-labelled tubules per total number of tubules (percent L.T.), the number of BrdUrd-labelled cells per total number of tubules (tubular ratio) and the number of BrdUrd-labelled cells per number of Sertoli cells (Sertoli cell ratio in BrdUrd-labelled cells) were calculated as indices of spermatogenic DNA synthesis during each stage of the seminiferous epithelial wave. BrdUrd labelling was found exclusively in the nuclei of spermatogonia and in preleptotene spermatocytes in the seminiferous epithelium. The percent L.T. was generally greater than 50%, except in stages VI, VII and XIV, and the tubular as well as Sertoli cell ratios in BrdUrd-labelled cells was greater than 2.0 and 0.15, respectively, in stages I, II-III, V, VIII, X, and XII. The tubular ratio and Sertoli cell ratio in BrdUrd-labelled cells along the seminiferous epithelial wave had two distinct peaks. The distribution of the tubular ratio using the BrdUrd-labelling technique correlated well with the distribution previously established by measuring tritiated @entity1 uptake per tubule. Thus, the BrdUrd labelling technique, which is more efficient than the tritiated @entity1 labelling technique, can be used to quantitatively evaluate spermatogenic DNA synthesis.

title: Quantitative analysis of spermatogenic DNA synthesis in the XXXX using a monoclonal anti- @entity2 antibody.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity8 represents the association of a @entity2 with @entity7 and is the most frequent cause of @entity4 in @entity0 . It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait which is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Some @entity0 show abnormal organization of microtubules in the axoneme of their photoreceptors cells (connecting cilium), nasal ciliar cells and sperm cells, as well as widespread degeneration of the organ of Corti. @entity8 ( @entity10 ) is characterized by a profound congenital @entity5 , constant @entity3 and prepubertal onset of @entity7 . Of three different genes responsible for @entity10 . @entity9 maps to 11q13.5 (ref. 10) and accounts for about 75% of @entity10 @entity0 . The @entity1 deafness @entity11 (sh1) mutation has been localized to the homologous @entity1 region. Taking into account the cytoskeletal abnormalities in USH @entity0 , the identification of a gene encoding an unconventional myosin as a candidate for @entity11 (ref. 14) led us to consider the @entity0 homologue as a good candidate for the gene that is defective in @entity9 . Here we present evidence that a gene encoding @entity9 is responsible for @entity9 . Two different premature stop codons, a six-base-pair deletion and two different missense mutations were detected in five unrelated families. In one of these families, the mutations were identified in both alleles. These mutations, which are located at the @entity6 -terminal end of the motor domain of the protein, are likely to result in the absence of a functional protein. Thus @entity9 appears as a primary cytoskeletal protein defect. These results implicate the genes encoding other unconventional myosins and their interacting proteins as candidates for other genetic forms of @entity8 .

title: Defective XXXX gene responsible for Usher syndrome type 1B.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive value of pre-treatment skin tests and in vitro IgE/IgG4 anti-murine monoclonal antibodies in @entity0 treated with murine monoclonal antibodies. DESIGN: @entity0 treated at two @entity2 institutions were evaluated by skin testing and solid phase immunoassays to detect IgE and IgG4 specific anti-murine monoclonal antibodies. Skin testing by scratch and intradermal skin testing was done on @entity0 before treatment with murine monoclonal antibodies. IgE _ IgG4 specific anti-murine monoclonal antibodies were determined before treatment in all @entity0 and at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days post-treatment in 1 @entity0 . SETTING: @entity2 @entity0 undergoing murine monoclonal antibody treatment in two university medical centers were recruited for the study. @entity0 : Twelve @entity0 , aged 41-75 years with @entity6 ( @entity5 ) with @entity1 , who had relapses or conventional therapy were enrolled. Some @entity0 had previous exposure to rodents, either as laboratory personnel or had kept them as pets. INTERVENTION: One @entity0 who experienced an anaphylactic reaction to murine monoclonal antibody infusion was desensitized so therapy could continue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Skin tests, immunoassays, and @entity0 history were correlated with adverse reactions to infusions of murine monoclonal antibodies. MAIN RESULTS: Skin tests (scratch method) and/or in vitro immunoassays may predict @entity4 outcomes in @entity0 receiving infusions of murine monoclonal antibodies. Intradermal skin testing with murine monoclonal antibodies may result in false positive reactions and have less predictive value. Specific IgE or IgG4 were elevated in the two @entity0 who experienced severe adverse reactions to murine monoclonal antibodies but not in those @entity0 with no reactions and therefore, may have some predictive value. A history of past exposure to @entity3 may also increase the risk of adverse reactions. In one @entity0 , intravenous desensitization enabled treatment to proceed. CONCLUSION: Scratch skin tests, in vitro IgE and/or IgG4 immunoassays together with a past history of previous exposure to murine antigen(s) may predict @entity4 to therapy with murine monoclonal antibodies.

title: XXXX to therapeutic murine monoclonal antibodies.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We produced arterial thrombi that simulated the clinical condition in @entity0 iliac arteries by endothelial denudation and partial occlusion. The processes of @entity1 formation and thrombolysis were examined by vascular fiberscope. Laminar mural thrombi developed in all 21 preparations 10 minutes after blood reperfusion, with @entity2 formation. Over 50% luminal obstruction with thrombi occurred in 10 preparations 30 minutes after inducing @entity2 . Total occlusion with thrombi occurred in four preparation (31%) at 1 hour, and in all nine at 3 hours after inducing @entity2 . Usually, red @entity1 at the denudated region grew in size distal to the sited of @entity2 . Histologically, thrombi of less than 1 hour duration consisted of a loose fibrin network and those of over 3 hours' duration consisted of a dense fibrin network. Infusion of 144,000 IU of urokinase (UK) reduced the size of thrombi less than 1 hour old during fiberoptic observation. However, UK infusion of similar dose failed to recanalize two of four preparations with 3-hour-old thrombi. In conclusion, arterial thrombi that closely simulate those observed clinically can be made by endothelial denudation and partial occlusion, and the vascular fiberscope provides a useful method for analysis of @entity1 and thrombolysis.

title: Experimental @entity0 arterial XXXX formation and thrombolysis: a fiberoptic study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We produced arterial thrombi that simulated the clinical condition in @entity0 iliac arteries by endothelial denudation and partial occlusion. The processes of @entity1 formation and thrombolysis were examined by vascular fiberscope. Laminar mural thrombi developed in all 21 preparations 10 minutes after blood reperfusion, with @entity2 formation. Over 50% luminal obstruction with thrombi occurred in 10 preparations 30 minutes after inducing @entity2 . Total occlusion with thrombi occurred in four preparation (31%) at 1 hour, and in all nine at 3 hours after inducing @entity2 . Usually, red @entity1 at the denudated region grew in size distal to the sited of @entity2 . Histologically, thrombi of less than 1 hour duration consisted of a loose fibrin network and those of over 3 hours' duration consisted of a dense fibrin network. Infusion of 144,000 IU of urokinase (UK) reduced the size of thrombi less than 1 hour old during fiberoptic observation. However, UK infusion of similar dose failed to recanalize two of four preparations with 3-hour-old thrombi. In conclusion, arterial thrombi that closely simulate those observed clinically can be made by endothelial denudation and partial occlusion, and the vascular fiberscope provides a useful method for analysis of @entity1 and thrombolysis.

title: Experimental XXXX arterial @entity1 formation and thrombolysis: a fiberoptic study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 was given for extended therapy to 22 of 29 @entity0 with frequent (greater than or equal to 30/hour) complex @entity3 ( @entity3 ) who had participated in a short-term study of @entity4 vs placebo. Open-label @entity4 was given in individually titrated divided doses of 160 to 800 mg/day (median 323, mean 386 mg/day). Response was assessed at approximately 1, 6, and 12 months or until @entity0 discontinuation. The period of @entity4 therapy averaged 9 months (range, 0.2 to 22.7). At about 1 month, 13 (59%) of 22 @entity0 showed effective control of @entity1 . The median percentage change in total @entity3 for individual @entity0 at 1 month was -70% and for repetitive @entity3 it was -95%. At about 6 months, 10 (45%) of the 22 @entity0 continued to be successfully treated; at about 12 months, seven @entity0 continued on @entity4 , six (27%) successfully treated according to Holter criteria. Reasons for discontinuation included lack of efficacy in nine, adverse effects in four (fatigue in three, @entity2 with sinus pauses in one), and miscellaneous reasons in two. ECG PR and especially QTc intervals increased significantly during therapy (p less than 0.02, p less than 0.01, respectively). In summary, @entity4 is a moderately effective antiarrhythmic agent in @entity0 with complex @entity3 , but during long-term therapy a rather high dropout rate was observed because of @entity1 recurrence or adverse effects.

title: Long-term experience with @entity4 in the treatment of complex XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 was given for extended therapy to 22 of 29 @entity0 with frequent (greater than or equal to 30/hour) complex @entity3 ( @entity3 ) who had participated in a short-term study of @entity4 vs placebo. Open-label @entity4 was given in individually titrated divided doses of 160 to 800 mg/day (median 323, mean 386 mg/day). Response was assessed at approximately 1, 6, and 12 months or until @entity0 discontinuation. The period of @entity4 therapy averaged 9 months (range, 0.2 to 22.7). At about 1 month, 13 (59%) of 22 @entity0 showed effective control of @entity1 . The median percentage change in total @entity3 for individual @entity0 at 1 month was -70% and for repetitive @entity3 it was -95%. At about 6 months, 10 (45%) of the 22 @entity0 continued to be successfully treated; at about 12 months, seven @entity0 continued on @entity4 , six (27%) successfully treated according to Holter criteria. Reasons for discontinuation included lack of efficacy in nine, adverse effects in four (fatigue in three, @entity2 with sinus pauses in one), and miscellaneous reasons in two. ECG PR and especially QTc intervals increased significantly during therapy (p less than 0.02, p less than 0.01, respectively). In summary, @entity4 is a moderately effective antiarrhythmic agent in @entity0 with complex @entity3 , but during long-term therapy a rather high dropout rate was observed because of @entity1 recurrence or adverse effects.

title: Long-term experience with XXXX in the treatment of complex @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 , the active metabolite of @entity4 ( @entity2 compounds), is thought to act as a gene regulator via ligand-activated transcription factors. In order to investigate possible roles of @entity4 and @entity1 -controlled gene expression in brain function, we have used immunohistochemistry to localize the possible presence of two intracellular @entity1 -binding proteins, cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I and cellular @entity3 -binding protein type I, in the adult @entity0 central nervous system. We find a widespread, yet distinct, presence of these two binding proteins in the brain and spinal cord. Most of the immunoreactivity is neuronal, including cell somata, as well as dendritic and axonal processes and axon terminals. Cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is also found in the walls of cerebral blood vessels, the meninges, the choroid plexus, certain ependymal cells, tanocytes and certain other glial elements. The cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I- and cellular @entity3 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity patterns appear to be almost exclusively non-overlapping. Very strong cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is found in the dendritic layers of the hippocampal formation and dentate gyrus. Cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is also present in layer 5 cortical pyramidal neurons and neurons in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. Many other areas, e.g. hypothalamic nuclei and amygdala areas, contain networks of varicose cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I-immunoreactive nerve fibers. The medial amygdaloid nucleus contains strongly cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I-positive neurons. Cellular @entity3 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is more restricted in the adult brain. Strong cellular @entity3 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is, however, found in a population of medium-sized neurons scattered throughout the striatum, in neurons in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, the olfactory nerve and in a group of nerve cells close to the third ventricle in hypothalamus. The remarkably selective patterns of cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I- and cellular @entity3 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity discovered in the adult @entity0 brain suggest that @entity4 have important roles as regulators of gene expression in normal brain function. The high levels of cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity found in hippocampus suggest that one such role might relate to brain plasticity.

title: Localization of cellular XXXX -binding proteins suggests specific roles for @entity4 in the adult central nervous system.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 , the active metabolite of @entity4 ( @entity2 compounds), is thought to act as a gene regulator via ligand-activated transcription factors. In order to investigate possible roles of @entity4 and @entity1 -controlled gene expression in brain function, we have used immunohistochemistry to localize the possible presence of two intracellular @entity1 -binding proteins, cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I and cellular @entity3 -binding protein type I, in the adult @entity0 central nervous system. We find a widespread, yet distinct, presence of these two binding proteins in the brain and spinal cord. Most of the immunoreactivity is neuronal, including cell somata, as well as dendritic and axonal processes and axon terminals. Cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is also found in the walls of cerebral blood vessels, the meninges, the choroid plexus, certain ependymal cells, tanocytes and certain other glial elements. The cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I- and cellular @entity3 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity patterns appear to be almost exclusively non-overlapping. Very strong cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is found in the dendritic layers of the hippocampal formation and dentate gyrus. Cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is also present in layer 5 cortical pyramidal neurons and neurons in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. Many other areas, e.g. hypothalamic nuclei and amygdala areas, contain networks of varicose cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I-immunoreactive nerve fibers. The medial amygdaloid nucleus contains strongly cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I-positive neurons. Cellular @entity3 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is more restricted in the adult brain. Strong cellular @entity3 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is, however, found in a population of medium-sized neurons scattered throughout the striatum, in neurons in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, the olfactory nerve and in a group of nerve cells close to the third ventricle in hypothalamus. The remarkably selective patterns of cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I- and cellular @entity3 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity discovered in the adult @entity0 brain suggest that @entity4 have important roles as regulators of gene expression in normal brain function. The high levels of cellular @entity2 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity found in hippocampus suggest that one such role might relate to brain plasticity.

title: Localization of cellular @entity1 -binding proteins suggests specific roles for XXXX in the adult central nervous system.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the frontal, parietal and occipital cortices was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry during walking in conscious @entity0 at moderate speed on a treadmill (4 cm/s) for a 30 s period. During walking rCBF increased in all these three cortices. The rCBF in the parietal cortex started to increase within a few seconds after the start of walking, and continued to increase 42 +/- 16% (mean +/- S.D.) until the end of walking. Within 90 s after walking had ceased, the increased rCBF returned to pre-walking basal levels. The rCBF responses in the frontal and occipital cortices were identical to that in the parietal cortex. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) in a caudal artery of the tail during walking was increased by about 10%. Injection of @entity1 (5 mg/kg, i.p.), a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist that permeates the blood brain barrier (BBB), reduced the walking-induced increase in cortical rCBF, as determined by measurement of parietal rCBF, from 42 +/- 12% to 28 +/- 15%. However, injection of @entity4 (5 mg/kg, i.p.), a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist that does not permeate the BBB, did not affect the response of rCBF. Neither drug affected the walking-induced response of MAP. Injection of @entity3 (20 mg/kg, s.c.), a nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist that permeates the BBB, reduced the walking-induced increase in cortical rCBF from 47 +/- 12% to 30 +/- 12%. Injection of @entity2 (20 mg/kg, s.c.), a nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist that does not permeate the BBB, did not affect the responses of rCBF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Regional cerebral blood flow in the frontal, parietal and occipital cortices increases independently of systemic arterial pressure during slow walking in conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity0