abstract: @entity9 ( @entity5 and @entity6 ) preferentially degrade the basement membrane, a key step in @entity2 invasion, @entity1 , and induction of vascularization of @entity2 tissue. AIM: To determine @entity5 and @entity6 in situ mRNA expressions in @entity3 from Iraqi @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty archived paraffin-embedded @entity3 samples and their resection margins were enrolled in our study. Thin paraffin embedded sections (3-5  m thick) of both @entity2 and resection margins were prepared for each respective biopsy and were used to detect @entity5 and @entity6 in situ mRNA expressions based on in situ hybridization technique. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analyses were conducted to describe different variables and parameters in this research, and to describe relationships with each other as well. For the comparisons, the t test of significance was used. The associations were found by chi-square (  2 ) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests, or as appropriate, as well as 95% confidence interval. The correlations were calculated using correlation coefficient (r). Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS: Based on the current outcome, there were significant differences in @entity5 and @entity6 in situ mRNA expressions when each @entity2 sample were compared to its respective resection margin (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). When @entity2 samples were analyzed based on their depth of invasion, means of in situ mRNA expressions of both @entity5 and @entity6 were significantly increased in the group in which @entity2 invaded submucosa into muscularis properia (SMP) compared to that of @entity2 in serosa (SE) group and @entity2 invading other organs (OR) group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, when @entity2 lymph node @entity1 were questioned, exclusively, @entity5 in situ mRNA expression was significantly differentiated among N0, N1, and N2 groups (P < 0.05). Regarding the possible correlation between the two investigated parameters with respect to various histopathological variables, both @entity5 and @entity6 in situ mRNA expressions have significant positive correlation in @entity2 samples (r = 0.88), whereas in resection margins, this correlation was absent. Interestingly, @entity5 and @entity6 in situ mRNA expressions were found to correlate positively as well as significantly within @entity2 differentiation [ @entity7 ( @entity7 ) @entity4 : r = 0.78; @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity4 : r = 0.90; and poorly differentiated (PD) @entity4 : r = 0.91], @entity2 stage (A-B: r = 0.70 and C-D: r = 0.95), depth of invasion (SMP: r = 0.77; SE: r = 0.87; and OR: r = 0.97), lymph node @entity1 (N0: r = 0.82; N1: r = 0.92; and N2: r = 0.96), and @entity2 size (<3 mm 3 : r = 0.76 versus >= 3 mm3: r = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of @entity5 and @entity6 are often associated with increased invasive metastatic potential of @entity3 . However, their activities are essential during the early stages of @entity2 progression.

title: XXXX in situ mRNA expression in @entity3 from Iraqi @entity0 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity5 and @entity6 ) preferentially degrade the basement membrane, a key step in @entity2 invasion, @entity1 , and induction of vascularization of @entity2 tissue. AIM: To determine @entity5 and @entity6 in situ mRNA expressions in @entity3 from Iraqi @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty archived paraffin-embedded @entity3 samples and their resection margins were enrolled in our study. Thin paraffin embedded sections (3-5  m thick) of both @entity2 and resection margins were prepared for each respective biopsy and were used to detect @entity5 and @entity6 in situ mRNA expressions based on in situ hybridization technique. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analyses were conducted to describe different variables and parameters in this research, and to describe relationships with each other as well. For the comparisons, the t test of significance was used. The associations were found by chi-square (  2 ) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests, or as appropriate, as well as 95% confidence interval. The correlations were calculated using correlation coefficient (r). Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS: Based on the current outcome, there were significant differences in @entity5 and @entity6 in situ mRNA expressions when each @entity2 sample were compared to its respective resection margin (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). When @entity2 samples were analyzed based on their depth of invasion, means of in situ mRNA expressions of both @entity5 and @entity6 were significantly increased in the group in which @entity2 invaded submucosa into muscularis properia (SMP) compared to that of @entity2 in serosa (SE) group and @entity2 invading other organs (OR) group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, when @entity2 lymph node @entity1 were questioned, exclusively, @entity5 in situ mRNA expression was significantly differentiated among N0, N1, and N2 groups (P < 0.05). Regarding the possible correlation between the two investigated parameters with respect to various histopathological variables, both @entity5 and @entity6 in situ mRNA expressions have significant positive correlation in @entity2 samples (r = 0.88), whereas in resection margins, this correlation was absent. Interestingly, @entity5 and @entity6 in situ mRNA expressions were found to correlate positively as well as significantly within @entity2 differentiation [ @entity7 ( @entity7 ) @entity4 : r = 0.78; @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity4 : r = 0.90; and poorly differentiated (PD) @entity4 : r = 0.91], @entity2 stage (A-B: r = 0.70 and C-D: r = 0.95), depth of invasion (SMP: r = 0.77; SE: r = 0.87; and OR: r = 0.97), lymph node @entity1 (N0: r = 0.82; N1: r = 0.92; and N2: r = 0.96), and @entity2 size (<3 mm 3 : r = 0.76 versus >= 3 mm3: r = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of @entity5 and @entity6 are often associated with increased invasive metastatic potential of @entity3 . However, their activities are essential during the early stages of @entity2 progression.

title: @entity9 in situ mRNA expression in XXXX from Iraqi @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity5 and @entity6 ) preferentially degrade the basement membrane, a key step in @entity2 invasion, @entity1 , and induction of vascularization of @entity2 tissue. AIM: To determine @entity5 and @entity6 in situ mRNA expressions in @entity3 from Iraqi @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty archived paraffin-embedded @entity3 samples and their resection margins were enrolled in our study. Thin paraffin embedded sections (3-5  m thick) of both @entity2 and resection margins were prepared for each respective biopsy and were used to detect @entity5 and @entity6 in situ mRNA expressions based on in situ hybridization technique. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analyses were conducted to describe different variables and parameters in this research, and to describe relationships with each other as well. For the comparisons, the t test of significance was used. The associations were found by chi-square (  2 ) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests, or as appropriate, as well as 95% confidence interval. The correlations were calculated using correlation coefficient (r). Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS: Based on the current outcome, there were significant differences in @entity5 and @entity6 in situ mRNA expressions when each @entity2 sample were compared to its respective resection margin (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). When @entity2 samples were analyzed based on their depth of invasion, means of in situ mRNA expressions of both @entity5 and @entity6 were significantly increased in the group in which @entity2 invaded submucosa into muscularis properia (SMP) compared to that of @entity2 in serosa (SE) group and @entity2 invading other organs (OR) group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, when @entity2 lymph node @entity1 were questioned, exclusively, @entity5 in situ mRNA expression was significantly differentiated among N0, N1, and N2 groups (P < 0.05). Regarding the possible correlation between the two investigated parameters with respect to various histopathological variables, both @entity5 and @entity6 in situ mRNA expressions have significant positive correlation in @entity2 samples (r = 0.88), whereas in resection margins, this correlation was absent. Interestingly, @entity5 and @entity6 in situ mRNA expressions were found to correlate positively as well as significantly within @entity2 differentiation [ @entity7 ( @entity7 ) @entity4 : r = 0.78; @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity4 : r = 0.90; and poorly differentiated (PD) @entity4 : r = 0.91], @entity2 stage (A-B: r = 0.70 and C-D: r = 0.95), depth of invasion (SMP: r = 0.77; SE: r = 0.87; and OR: r = 0.97), lymph node @entity1 (N0: r = 0.82; N1: r = 0.92; and N2: r = 0.96), and @entity2 size (<3 mm 3 : r = 0.76 versus >= 3 mm3: r = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of @entity5 and @entity6 are often associated with increased invasive metastatic potential of @entity3 . However, their activities are essential during the early stages of @entity2 progression.

title: @entity9 in situ mRNA expression in @entity3 from Iraqi XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The multimeric @entity4 factor ( @entity5 ) mediates platelet adhesion to collagen at sites of @entity1 . The binding site for collagen types I and III is located in the @entity5 -A3 domain. Recently, we showed that His(1023), located near the edge between the "front" and "bottom" faces of A3, is critical for collagen binding (Romijn, R. A., Bouma, B., Wuyster, W., Gros, P., Kroon, J., Sixma, J. J., and Huizinga, E. G. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 9985-9991). To map the binding site in detail, we introduced 22 point mutations in the front and bottom faces of A3. The mutants were expressed as multimeric @entity5 , and binding to collagen type III was evaluated in a solid-state binding assay and by surface plasmon resonance. Mutation of residues @entity2 (979), Ser(1020), and His(1023) nearly abolished collagen binding, whereas mutation of residues Ile(975), Thr(977), @entity3 (997), and @entity0 (1001) reduced binding affinity about 10-fold. Together, these residues define a flat and rather hydrophobic collagen-binding site located at the front face of the A3 domain. The collagen-binding site of @entity5 -A3 is distinctly different from that of the homologous integrin alpha(2) I domain, which has a hydrophilic binding site located at the top face of the domain. Based on the surface characteristics of the collagen-binding site of A3, we propose that it interacts with collagen sequences containing positively charged and hydrophobic residues. Docking of a collagen triple helix on the binding site suggests a range of possible engagements and predicts that at most eight consecutive residues in a collagen triple helix interact with A3.

title: Mapping the collagen-binding site in the XXXX factor-A3 domain.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Aberrant Wnt/ @entity5 signaling is a driving force during initiation and progression of @entity2 . Yet, the Wnt/ @entity5 targets @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) act as @entity1 suppressors in intestinal epithelial cells and frequently appear to be transcriptionally silenced in @entity3 . The molecular mechanisms which underlie the apparent loss of expression of a subset of Wnt/ @entity5 targets in a background of persistent pathway activity are largely unknown. To gain insight into this, we quantified expression of @entity9 and @entity8 in @entity0 tissue specimens of case-matched colorectal normal mucosa, @entity4 and @entity3 . In particular @entity8 display biphasic, albeit not strictly coincident, expression profiles with elevated levels in @entity4 and decreased transcription in approximately 30% of the corresponding @entity3 . Consistent with their divergent and variable expression we observed considerable heterogeneity among the epigenetic landscapes at @entity9 and @entity8 in a model of @entity2 cell lines. Unlike the inactive @entity9 locus, @entity8 maintain DNA hypomethylation of their promoter regions in the silent state. A strong reduction of active histone modifications consistently parallels reduced expression of @entity9 and @entity7 and to some extent of @entity6 . Accordingly, treatment with inhibitors for DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) restored @entity9 and @entity8 expression depending upon epigenetic features at their promoters but also upon cellular background. Overall our findings show that downregulation of @entity9 and EphB receptor genes occurs independently and that different branches of epigenetic control systems including class I and III HDACs contribute to epigenetic silencing of Wnt/ @entity5 targets during colorectal tumorigenesis.

title: Class I and III HDACs and loss of active chromatin features contribute to epigenetic silencing of XXXX and EPHB @entity1 suppressor genes in @entity2 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Aberrant Wnt/ @entity5 signaling is a driving force during initiation and progression of @entity2 . Yet, the Wnt/ @entity5 targets @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) act as @entity1 suppressors in intestinal epithelial cells and frequently appear to be transcriptionally silenced in @entity3 . The molecular mechanisms which underlie the apparent loss of expression of a subset of Wnt/ @entity5 targets in a background of persistent pathway activity are largely unknown. To gain insight into this, we quantified expression of @entity9 and @entity8 in @entity0 tissue specimens of case-matched colorectal normal mucosa, @entity4 and @entity3 . In particular @entity8 display biphasic, albeit not strictly coincident, expression profiles with elevated levels in @entity4 and decreased transcription in approximately 30% of the corresponding @entity3 . Consistent with their divergent and variable expression we observed considerable heterogeneity among the epigenetic landscapes at @entity9 and @entity8 in a model of @entity2 cell lines. Unlike the inactive @entity9 locus, @entity8 maintain DNA hypomethylation of their promoter regions in the silent state. A strong reduction of active histone modifications consistently parallels reduced expression of @entity9 and @entity7 and to some extent of @entity6 . Accordingly, treatment with inhibitors for DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) restored @entity9 and @entity8 expression depending upon epigenetic features at their promoters but also upon cellular background. Overall our findings show that downregulation of @entity9 and EphB receptor genes occurs independently and that different branches of epigenetic control systems including class I and III HDACs contribute to epigenetic silencing of Wnt/ @entity5 targets during colorectal tumorigenesis.

title: Class I and III HDACs and loss of active chromatin features contribute to epigenetic silencing of @entity9 and EPHB @entity1 suppressor genes in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Aberrant Wnt/ @entity5 signaling is a driving force during initiation and progression of @entity2 . Yet, the Wnt/ @entity5 targets @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) act as @entity1 suppressors in intestinal epithelial cells and frequently appear to be transcriptionally silenced in @entity3 . The molecular mechanisms which underlie the apparent loss of expression of a subset of Wnt/ @entity5 targets in a background of persistent pathway activity are largely unknown. To gain insight into this, we quantified expression of @entity9 and @entity8 in @entity0 tissue specimens of case-matched colorectal normal mucosa, @entity4 and @entity3 . In particular @entity8 display biphasic, albeit not strictly coincident, expression profiles with elevated levels in @entity4 and decreased transcription in approximately 30% of the corresponding @entity3 . Consistent with their divergent and variable expression we observed considerable heterogeneity among the epigenetic landscapes at @entity9 and @entity8 in a model of @entity2 cell lines. Unlike the inactive @entity9 locus, @entity8 maintain DNA hypomethylation of their promoter regions in the silent state. A strong reduction of active histone modifications consistently parallels reduced expression of @entity9 and @entity7 and to some extent of @entity6 . Accordingly, treatment with inhibitors for DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) restored @entity9 and @entity8 expression depending upon epigenetic features at their promoters but also upon cellular background. Overall our findings show that downregulation of @entity9 and EphB receptor genes occurs independently and that different branches of epigenetic control systems including class I and III HDACs contribute to epigenetic silencing of Wnt/ @entity5 targets during colorectal tumorigenesis.

title: Class I and III HDACs and loss of active chromatin features contribute to epigenetic silencing of @entity9 and EPHB XXXX suppressor genes in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the effect of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on the outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) can be diagnosed from a level of at least 6.5% on two separate occasions according to the American @entity1 Association (ADA) definition, which was updated in 2010. No data are available for the value of HbA1c in @entity0 with @entity3 treated with primary PCI. METHODS: A total of 374 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 (mean age: 55.9  12.6 years, 318 @entity0 ), undergoing primary PCI between December 2009 and June 2010, were prospectively enrolled in this study. Blood samples for HbA1c were obtained on the first 24 h after admission. In-hospital follow-up was performed. By using new ADA criteria, @entity0 were classified into three groups: group I (HbA1c  <=5.6%, n=112); group II (HbA1c: 5.7-6.4%, n=180); and group III (HbA1c >= 6.5%, n=82). RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was higher in group III (11%) compared with group II (2.8%) and group I (0.9%; P=0.001). Major adverse @entity2 in the hospital were also higher in group III (12.2%) compared with other groups (group II, 5.6% vs. group I, 0.9%, P=0.003). After adjusting the baseline characteristics, HbA1c remained a strong independent predictor of the in-hospital mortality (odds ratio: 1.412; 95% confidence interval: 1.031-1.935, P=0.03). Hospital stay was also longer in group III than others (P=0.007). A total of 196 (63.6%) @entity0 without a history of @entity1 had elevated HbA1c of more than or equal to 5.7%, with 31 (10.1%) of them having HbA1c of more than or equal to 6.5%. CONCLUSION: HbA1c is an independent predictor of the in-hospital mortality in @entity3 treated with primary PCI. Apart from prognostic value, high HbA1c could be used for @entity1 diagnosis, which is supported by ADA definitions.

title: Hemoglobin A1c as a prognostic marker in @entity0 undergoing primary angioplasty for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the effect of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on the outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) can be diagnosed from a level of at least 6.5% on two separate occasions according to the American @entity1 Association (ADA) definition, which was updated in 2010. No data are available for the value of HbA1c in @entity0 with @entity3 treated with primary PCI. METHODS: A total of 374 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 (mean age: 55.9  12.6 years, 318 @entity0 ), undergoing primary PCI between December 2009 and June 2010, were prospectively enrolled in this study. Blood samples for HbA1c were obtained on the first 24 h after admission. In-hospital follow-up was performed. By using new ADA criteria, @entity0 were classified into three groups: group I (HbA1c  <=5.6%, n=112); group II (HbA1c: 5.7-6.4%, n=180); and group III (HbA1c >= 6.5%, n=82). RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was higher in group III (11%) compared with group II (2.8%) and group I (0.9%; P=0.001). Major adverse @entity2 in the hospital were also higher in group III (12.2%) compared with other groups (group II, 5.6% vs. group I, 0.9%, P=0.003). After adjusting the baseline characteristics, HbA1c remained a strong independent predictor of the in-hospital mortality (odds ratio: 1.412; 95% confidence interval: 1.031-1.935, P=0.03). Hospital stay was also longer in group III than others (P=0.007). A total of 196 (63.6%) @entity0 without a history of @entity1 had elevated HbA1c of more than or equal to 5.7%, with 31 (10.1%) of them having HbA1c of more than or equal to 6.5%. CONCLUSION: HbA1c is an independent predictor of the in-hospital mortality in @entity3 treated with primary PCI. Apart from prognostic value, high HbA1c could be used for @entity1 diagnosis, which is supported by ADA definitions.

title: Hemoglobin A1c as a prognostic marker in XXXX undergoing primary angioplasty for @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a common event, which consumes considerable @entity0 and economic resources. Its incidence is expected to rise in the coming years due to an increasing aging population. @entity0 AND METHODS: Multicentric prospective analysis of @entity0 was carried out with @entity3 in 13 Portuguese hospitals from April 2008 to May 2009, using a protocol designed by the French Association Nationale des H  pato-Gastroent  rologues des H  pitaux G  n  raux. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 16.0. RESULTS: In a total of 371 hemorrhagic events in 364 @entity0 (51.4% @entity0 , mean age: 72 years), 28.4% @entity0 showed hemodynamic instability and 54.2% were under single/combined medication with antiaggregants/NSAIDs/heparin/anticoagulants; blood transfusion was administered in 34.8% of @entity0 . Sigmoidoscopy was the first endoscopic procedure performed in 61.3% of @entity0 and rectal enema was the first method of bowel preparation in 67.3% of them. Endoscopic hemostasis was performed in 22.2% of all cases with efficacy ranging from 84.6 to 96.2%. Most frequent diagnoses were @entity2 (23.7%), @entity4 (20.8%), and @entity1 (12.4%). Surgery was needed in 8% of @entity0 , and global mortality rate was 2.2%. Risk factors for poor outcome on multivariate analysis were heparin use before bleeding (hazards ratio: 10.6; 95% confidence interval: 0.94-119.48) and in-hospital bleeding (hazards ratio: 5.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-19.70). CONCLUSION: @entity3 seems to occur frequently in Portugal with a low mortality rate. Previous heparin use and in-hospital bleeding are associated with worse prognosis. Our management relies on early endoscopic examinations, which are highly available, safe, and accurate. A successful endoscopic therapeutic approach was possible in one fifth of the @entity0 .

title: XXXX management in Portugal: a multicentric prospective 1-year survey.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful treatment of @entity5 with @entity8 is commonly accompanied by the finding of an inactive or suppressed endometrium after therapy. However, approximately 30% of the @entity5 cases do not respond to @entity8 and @entity7 glands persist. The Fas/ @entity1 system is known to play a role in tissue remodeling as a result of changes in menstrual hormone levels. The aims of this study are to examine Fas/ @entity1 expression in @entity5 of pre- and postprogestin treatment samples and to study the Fas/ @entity1 regulation in vitro with Ishikawa cells after @entity6 stimulation. DESIGN: Pre- and posttreatment @entity3 -embedded @entity5 tissue samples from 26 @entity0 were examined by immunohistochemistry for changes in Fas/ @entity1 expression related to the administration of @entity8 . Among 26 @entity0 , 18 were successfully treated with @entity8 and 8 failed treatment. Fas/ @entity1 positivity was defined by the presence of 10% or more immunoreactive epithelial cells in each specimen. In positive cases, a percentage or an immunoscore of immunoreactive cells was given by counting 500 cells. Cell viability was evaluated by the @entity2 assay. The in vitro effects of @entity4 on Fas/ @entity1 expression and apoptosis in Ishikawa cells were examined by using Western blot and TUNEL assays, respectively. RESULTS: Fas immunoreactivity was present in 4/26 (15%) preprogestin cases with an average of 16% of the epithelial cells expressing Fas. @entity1 was expressed in 21/26 (80%) pretreatment cases with an average of 42% of the @entity7 glandular cells being positive. In postprogestin cases, an increase of Fas expression (14/18, 77%) with an average of 47% stained cells was seen in responders (P < 0.001), while @entity1 was found in 16/18 (89%) responders with an average of 65% of cells positive (P = 0.587). In nonresponders, no significant changes in Fas/ @entity1 expression were detected compared to pretreatment samples. With in vitro Ishikawa cells, a slight increase (10-20%) of Fas and @entity1 protein expression was detected after 24 h of @entity4 treatment, but a more significant increase (220-343%) of both Fas and @entity1 expression was found after 48 h of withdrawing @entity4 , which parallels apoptotic activity. CONCLUSIONS: The Fas/ @entity1 system may be involved in the development of @entity5 . Part of the molecular mechanisms of @entity6 therapy for @entity5 is through upregulation of Fas/ @entity1 expression. Dysregulation of Fas/ @entity1 expression in @entity7 endometrium may be part of the molecular mechanisms for nonresponders to @entity6 treatment. Intermittent, rather than continuous, @entity6 treatment may be more effective clinically for the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Mechanisms involved in the evolution of XXXX resistance in @entity0 @entity5 --precursor of endometrial cancer.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful treatment of @entity5 with @entity8 is commonly accompanied by the finding of an inactive or suppressed endometrium after therapy. However, approximately 30% of the @entity5 cases do not respond to @entity8 and @entity7 glands persist. The Fas/ @entity1 system is known to play a role in tissue remodeling as a result of changes in menstrual hormone levels. The aims of this study are to examine Fas/ @entity1 expression in @entity5 of pre- and postprogestin treatment samples and to study the Fas/ @entity1 regulation in vitro with Ishikawa cells after @entity6 stimulation. DESIGN: Pre- and posttreatment @entity3 -embedded @entity5 tissue samples from 26 @entity0 were examined by immunohistochemistry for changes in Fas/ @entity1 expression related to the administration of @entity8 . Among 26 @entity0 , 18 were successfully treated with @entity8 and 8 failed treatment. Fas/ @entity1 positivity was defined by the presence of 10% or more immunoreactive epithelial cells in each specimen. In positive cases, a percentage or an immunoscore of immunoreactive cells was given by counting 500 cells. Cell viability was evaluated by the @entity2 assay. The in vitro effects of @entity4 on Fas/ @entity1 expression and apoptosis in Ishikawa cells were examined by using Western blot and TUNEL assays, respectively. RESULTS: Fas immunoreactivity was present in 4/26 (15%) preprogestin cases with an average of 16% of the epithelial cells expressing Fas. @entity1 was expressed in 21/26 (80%) pretreatment cases with an average of 42% of the @entity7 glandular cells being positive. In postprogestin cases, an increase of Fas expression (14/18, 77%) with an average of 47% stained cells was seen in responders (P < 0.001), while @entity1 was found in 16/18 (89%) responders with an average of 65% of cells positive (P = 0.587). In nonresponders, no significant changes in Fas/ @entity1 expression were detected compared to pretreatment samples. With in vitro Ishikawa cells, a slight increase (10-20%) of Fas and @entity1 protein expression was detected after 24 h of @entity4 treatment, but a more significant increase (220-343%) of both Fas and @entity1 expression was found after 48 h of withdrawing @entity4 , which parallels apoptotic activity. CONCLUSIONS: The Fas/ @entity1 system may be involved in the development of @entity5 . Part of the molecular mechanisms of @entity6 therapy for @entity5 is through upregulation of Fas/ @entity1 expression. Dysregulation of Fas/ @entity1 expression in @entity7 endometrium may be part of the molecular mechanisms for nonresponders to @entity6 treatment. Intermittent, rather than continuous, @entity6 treatment may be more effective clinically for the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Mechanisms involved in the evolution of @entity6 resistance in @entity0 XXXX --precursor of endometrial cancer.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful treatment of @entity5 with @entity8 is commonly accompanied by the finding of an inactive or suppressed endometrium after therapy. However, approximately 30% of the @entity5 cases do not respond to @entity8 and @entity7 glands persist. The Fas/ @entity1 system is known to play a role in tissue remodeling as a result of changes in menstrual hormone levels. The aims of this study are to examine Fas/ @entity1 expression in @entity5 of pre- and postprogestin treatment samples and to study the Fas/ @entity1 regulation in vitro with Ishikawa cells after @entity6 stimulation. DESIGN: Pre- and posttreatment @entity3 -embedded @entity5 tissue samples from 26 @entity0 were examined by immunohistochemistry for changes in Fas/ @entity1 expression related to the administration of @entity8 . Among 26 @entity0 , 18 were successfully treated with @entity8 and 8 failed treatment. Fas/ @entity1 positivity was defined by the presence of 10% or more immunoreactive epithelial cells in each specimen. In positive cases, a percentage or an immunoscore of immunoreactive cells was given by counting 500 cells. Cell viability was evaluated by the @entity2 assay. The in vitro effects of @entity4 on Fas/ @entity1 expression and apoptosis in Ishikawa cells were examined by using Western blot and TUNEL assays, respectively. RESULTS: Fas immunoreactivity was present in 4/26 (15%) preprogestin cases with an average of 16% of the epithelial cells expressing Fas. @entity1 was expressed in 21/26 (80%) pretreatment cases with an average of 42% of the @entity7 glandular cells being positive. In postprogestin cases, an increase of Fas expression (14/18, 77%) with an average of 47% stained cells was seen in responders (P < 0.001), while @entity1 was found in 16/18 (89%) responders with an average of 65% of cells positive (P = 0.587). In nonresponders, no significant changes in Fas/ @entity1 expression were detected compared to pretreatment samples. With in vitro Ishikawa cells, a slight increase (10-20%) of Fas and @entity1 protein expression was detected after 24 h of @entity4 treatment, but a more significant increase (220-343%) of both Fas and @entity1 expression was found after 48 h of withdrawing @entity4 , which parallels apoptotic activity. CONCLUSIONS: The Fas/ @entity1 system may be involved in the development of @entity5 . Part of the molecular mechanisms of @entity6 therapy for @entity5 is through upregulation of Fas/ @entity1 expression. Dysregulation of Fas/ @entity1 expression in @entity7 endometrium may be part of the molecular mechanisms for nonresponders to @entity6 treatment. Intermittent, rather than continuous, @entity6 treatment may be more effective clinically for the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Mechanisms involved in the evolution of @entity6 resistance in XXXX @entity5 --precursor of endometrial cancer.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Over 40% of the permanent population of Norfolk Island possesses a unique genetic admixture dating to Pitcairn Island in the late 18(th) century, with descendents having varying degrees of combined Polynesian and European ancestry. We conducted a population-based study to determine the prevalence and causes of @entity4 and @entity6 on Norfolk Island. METHODS: All permanent residents of Norfolk Island aged >=  15 years were invited to participate. @entity0 completed a structured questionnaire/interview and underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy. RESULTS: We recruited 781 @entity0 aged >=  15, equal to 62% of the permanent population, 44% of whom could trace their ancestry to Pitcairn Island. No one was bilaterally blind. Prevalence of @entity4 (visual acuity [VA] < 6/60) in those aged >=  40 was 1.5%. @entity4 was more common in females (P=0.049) and less common in @entity0 with Pitcairn Island ancestry (P<0.001). The most common causes of @entity4 were @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity7 , and @entity2 . Five @entity0 had @entity6 (Best-Corrected VA < 6/18 in better eye), with 4 (80%) due to @entity3 . @entity0 with Pitcairn Island ancestry had a lower prevalence of @entity3 (P<0.001) but a similar prevalence of @entity2 to those without Pitcairn Island ancestry. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity4 and @entity1 in this isolated Australian territory is low, especially amongst those with Pitcairn Island ancestry. @entity3 was the most common cause of @entity6 . The distribution of chronic @entity5 on Norfolk Island is similar to mainland Australian estimates.

title: Prevalence of chronic XXXX in a genetic isolate: the Norfolk Island Eye Study (NIES).

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify factors that influence @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity0 with nonmetastatic @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: One hundred sixty-two @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 were retrospectively reviewed. The first-line treatment included surgery of the @entity1 and chemotherapy with @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity5 . RESULTS: The projected 5-year @entity6 rate was 28%. @entity0 who had complete surgery of recurrence had a 5-year @entity6 of 39%, whereas for those who did not have complete surgery, @entity6 was 0% at 3 years (P <.0001). In the latter group, @entity6 was not influenced by site of recurrence and relapse-free interval (RFI), although it was influenced (P =.006) by the use of second-line chemotherapy ( @entity6 , 53% at 12 months for @entity0 who received chemotherapy v 12% for those who did not). In @entity0 who had complete surgery, @entity6 was influenced by site of relapse (5-year @entity6 , lung 44%, other 19%; P <.06), RFI (5-year @entity6 at < or = 24 months, 20%; at > 24 months, 60%; P <.0001), and number of lung metastases (5-year @entity6 , two or fewer nodules, 59%; more than two nodules, 14%; P <.0001) but not by the use of a second-line chemotherapy treatment. CONCLUSION: RFI, site of metastases, and number of pulmonary nodules are the main prognostic factors for @entity6 in @entity2 . Complete surgery of recurrence is pivotal in the strategy of treatment. @entity0 with unresectable recurrence benefit from second-line chemotherapy, whereas our data do not support a generalized use of chemotherapy after complete surgery of first recurrence.

title: Postrelapse survival in XXXX of the extremities: prognostic factors for long-term survival.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: This retrospective analysis examined prognostic significance of health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) parameters combined with baseline clinical factors on outcomes (overall survival, time to progressive disease, and time to treatment failure) in @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Outcome and HRQoL (European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity2 Quality of Life Questionnaire C30) data were collected prospectively in a phase III study assessing @entity4 and @entity9 versus @entity12 , @entity13 , @entity8 , and @entity9 in locally advanced or metastatic @entity5 . Prespecified baseline clinical factors (performance status, @entity2 -node- @entity1 staging, visceral metastases [VM], alkaline phosphatase [AP] level, number of metastatic sites, prior radiotherapy, disease measurability, sex, time from diagnosis, and sites of disease) and selected HRQoL parameters (global QoL; all functional scales; symptoms: @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity3 , @entity11 , @entity7 ) were evaluated using Cox's proportional hazards model. Factors with individual prognostic value (P <.05) on outcomes in univariate models were assessed for joint prognostic value in a multivariate model. A final model was developed using a backward selection strategy. RESULTS: @entity0 with baseline HRQoL were included (364 of 405, 90%). The final model predicted longer survival with low/normal AP levels, no VM, high physical functioning, low role functioning, and no @entity7 . Positive prognostic factors for time to progressive disease were good performance status, low/normal AP levels, no VM, and minimal @entity10 ; for time to treatment failure, they were low/normal AP levels, minimal @entity10 , and no @entity7 . Global QoL was a significant predictor of outcome in univariate analyses but was not retained in the multivariate model. CONCLUSION: HRQoL parameters are independent prognostic factors for outcome in advanced @entity5 ; their prognostic importance needs further evaluation.

title: Health-related quality-of-life parameters as independent prognostic factors in advanced or metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity1 in @entity0 in the Caribbean country of Antigua and Barbuda, including the incidence, the types of substances ingested, the age of the @entity0 involved, and the clinical outcomes. The results from Antigua and Barbuda were compared with the results of other reports from the English-speaking Caribbean and from the United States of America. DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the charts of all @entity0 less than 13 years old admitted to the @entity0 's Ward at Holberton Hospital in Antigua for @entity1 between March 1989 and March 1999. Those data were compared with data from earlier reports from Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, and the United States of America. RESULTS: In Antigua and Barbuda there were 255 hospital admissions for @entity1 among @entity0 below 13 years old over that 10-year period. Of the 255 ingestions, 115 of them (45%) were in 1-year-old @entity0 , 69 (27%) were in 2-year-old @entity0 , and 26 (10%) were in 3-year-old @entity0 . These proportions in Antigua and Barbuda are similar to the age patterns seen in the other countries with which we made comparisons. In Antigua and Barbuda there was an annual average of 26 hospital admissions for @entity1 for the roughly 20,000 @entity0 below 13 years of age, for a rate of 1.3 per 1,000. In comparing the patterns of childhood @entity1 in all the countries we studied, we found that, as economic levels rose, there was a shift in the substances ingested, with @entity2 and plant ingestions decreasing and chemical and medication ingestions increasing. CONCLUSIONS: There is an increasing variety and complexity of poisonous substances ingested as economic conditions improve. This trend would make the establishment of a poison control center for the English-speaking Caribbean a logical step.

title: The spectrum of accidental childhood XXXX in the Caribbean.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether a pharmacokinetic analysis is useful for both predicting and monitoring the response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 with @entity2 treated with preoperative CRT and surgery were enrolled. They underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI before (n   =   23), and after CRT (n   =   20). We estimated four parameters: arrival time of contrast medium (TA), exchange rate constant from the extracellular extravascular space (EES) to plasma (k(ep)), elimination of contrast medium from the central compartment (k(el)) and an amplitude scaling constant ( @entity3 ) using the @entity4 model. The histological evaluation of the effects of CRT was performed according to Ohboshi and Shimosato's classification. We analysed the correlation between the parameters and the histological evaluation. RESULTS: The pre-CRT @entity3 between the responders and non-responders was significantly different (P   =   0.046), however, the three parameters (TA, K(ep), K(el)) were not significantly different among the groups (P   =   0.76, P   =   0.60, P   =   0.09). As @entity3 decreased, the @entity1 response improved. The change in the @entity3 between the pre- and post-CRT of responders was significantly higher than that of non-responders (P   =   0.043). CONCLUSION: The @entity3 , which is affected by the ratio of the EES, was an important parameter for predicting and monitoring the @entity1 response to CRT.

title: Prediction and monitoring of the response to chemoradiotherapy in oral XXXX using a pharmacokinetic analysis based on the dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging findings.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expression of oncostatin M receptor beta ( @entity7 ) has been reported in @entity0 @entity1 , however its role in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) remains unknown. Using differential display, earlier we reported the identification of an alternatively spliced variant of @entity7 in @entity2 . Here in we characterized this novel variant encoding a soluble form of this receptor (sOSMRb) and determined its clinical significance and correlation with the expression of oncostatin ( @entity6 ) and @entity3 inhibitory factor receptor beta ( @entity5 b) in @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In silico analysis was carried out to characterize the differentially expressed transcript of @entity7 and its expression was determined in ESCCs and matched normal esophageal tissues using semiquantitative RT-PCR. The expressions of both truncated and full length @entity7 proteins were analyzed in @entity2 tissues and @entity0 ' sera using western blotting and immunoprecipitation. By immunoprecipitation we have also shown direct interaction between sOSMRB and @entity6 . We also explored the relationship between expression of @entity6 and its receptors, @entity7 and LIFRb, in primary @entity0 ESCCs and normal epithelia using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Overexpression of alternatively spliced @entity7 b transcript was detected by RT-PCR in 9 of 11 ESCCs. Analysis of the soluble receptor revealed absence of sOSMRb protein in esophageal tissues, however, immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis showed its presence in sera of @entity2 @entity0 further confirming expression of the alternatively spliced @entity7 b in @entity2 @entity0 . Immunohistochemical analysis in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) format showed expression of @entity7 , @entity5 and @entity6 in 11/50 (23%), 47/50 (94%) and 47/50 (94%) ESCCs, respectively. Strong correlation was observed between cytoplasmic expression of LIFRb and @entity6 in @entity1 cells (p = 0.000, O.R = 50, 95%CI = 8-31.9), and nuclear expression of LIFRb and @entity6 (p = 0.039 OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.1-8.2), suggesting that LIFRb serves as the major receptor in ESCCs. CONCLUSION: An alternatively spliced variant of @entity7 transcribing a soluble form of this receptor has been characterized in @entity2 . We speculate that the truncated @entity7 characterized here in may act as a neutralizing receptor for @entity6 . Our immunohistochemical study showed that @entity7 and its pathway is not activated in ESCCs.

title: Overexpression of a splice variant of oncostatin M receptor beta in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expression of oncostatin M receptor beta ( @entity7 ) has been reported in @entity0 @entity1 , however its role in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) remains unknown. Using differential display, earlier we reported the identification of an alternatively spliced variant of @entity7 in @entity2 . Here in we characterized this novel variant encoding a soluble form of this receptor (sOSMRb) and determined its clinical significance and correlation with the expression of oncostatin ( @entity6 ) and @entity3 inhibitory factor receptor beta ( @entity5 b) in @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In silico analysis was carried out to characterize the differentially expressed transcript of @entity7 and its expression was determined in ESCCs and matched normal esophageal tissues using semiquantitative RT-PCR. The expressions of both truncated and full length @entity7 proteins were analyzed in @entity2 tissues and @entity0 ' sera using western blotting and immunoprecipitation. By immunoprecipitation we have also shown direct interaction between sOSMRB and @entity6 . We also explored the relationship between expression of @entity6 and its receptors, @entity7 and LIFRb, in primary @entity0 ESCCs and normal epithelia using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Overexpression of alternatively spliced @entity7 b transcript was detected by RT-PCR in 9 of 11 ESCCs. Analysis of the soluble receptor revealed absence of sOSMRb protein in esophageal tissues, however, immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis showed its presence in sera of @entity2 @entity0 further confirming expression of the alternatively spliced @entity7 b in @entity2 @entity0 . Immunohistochemical analysis in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) format showed expression of @entity7 , @entity5 and @entity6 in 11/50 (23%), 47/50 (94%) and 47/50 (94%) ESCCs, respectively. Strong correlation was observed between cytoplasmic expression of LIFRb and @entity6 in @entity1 cells (p = 0.000, O.R = 50, 95%CI = 8-31.9), and nuclear expression of LIFRb and @entity6 (p = 0.039 OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.1-8.2), suggesting that LIFRb serves as the major receptor in ESCCs. CONCLUSION: An alternatively spliced variant of @entity7 transcribing a soluble form of this receptor has been characterized in @entity2 . We speculate that the truncated @entity7 characterized here in may act as a neutralizing receptor for @entity6 . Our immunohistochemical study showed that @entity7 and its pathway is not activated in ESCCs.

title: Overexpression of a splice variant of oncostatin M receptor beta in XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the relationship between the ages initiating @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and bladder function in healthy kindergarteners. @entity0 AND METHODS: In 3 years, we evaluated urinary continence status and bladder function in 318 healthy kindergarteners. @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity1 , or @entity4 were excluded. A parent completed the questionnaire including the age at initiation and the duration of @entity5 , the current status of daytime and nighttime continence, the age of attaining daytime and nighttime continence, frequency of defecation and Bristol Stool Scale. All @entity0 underwent uroflowmetry and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) examinations. RESULTS: Finally, 235 respondents (106 @entity0 /129 @entity0 , mean age = 4.8    0.9 years) were eligible for analysis. The mean age initiating @entity5 was 24.4    8.4 months (range: 1-52 months). @entity0 started @entity5 earlier than @entity0 (23.3 months vs. 25.7 months, P = 0.03). @entity0 started daytime @entity5 earlier ( <= 18, 19-24, and >24 months, N = 66, 71, and 98, respectively) was associated with earlier attainment of both daytime and nighttime continence (correlation coefficient = 0.60 and 0.31, respectively, P < 0.01). @entity0 started nighttime @entity5 earlier (<30 months vs. >=  30 months) was associated with early attainment of nighttime continence and lower rate of enuresis (14.3% vs. 33.3%, P < 0.01). The prevalence rate of repeat abnormal uroflow patterns and repeat elevated @entity2 (>20 ml) was not different between early and late @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Early toilet training for urine was associated with early attainment of both daytime and nighttime urinary continence, and does not appear to be associated with @entity5 .

title: Early initiation of toilet training for urine was associated with early urinary continence and does not appear to be associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Hungary has accomplished a resolute BCG programme since 1959 to control @entity1 in @entity0 . High rates of @entity0 and adult @entity1 incidence (over 200 and 300 per hundred thousand respectively) persisted before 1959. At that time the "Budapest" BCG strain received from the Pasteur Institute in 1933 was used for facultative vaccination. In 1954, vaccination became compulsory for the newborn but was not applied regularly with the "Budapest" BCG strain which showed diminished allergenic and immunogenic potency. To improve BCG policy revaccination became obligatory in 1959 up to the age of 20 years performed by specialized BCG nurses. Paris 1102, then P1173 BCG Seed-Lot strains have been used since 1960, dose: 100,000-300,000 VU in 0.1 ml i.d. route to obtain the required protective immunity (tuberculin conversion) and acceptable reactogenicity. In the scope of the systematic BCG primo and revaccination programme 7.8 million vaccinations have been performed since 1959. Between 1959 and 1970 the incidence in @entity0 dropped from 250 to 10 per hundred thousand, then to 1 per hundred thousand between 1971 and 1982. In 1982 the adult population had 21-32 per hundred thousand bacillary positive incidence and prevalence rates maintaining the risk of infection for @entity0 . Therefore, in 1983, it was decided to continue the compulsory revaccination policy to strengthen immunity for @entity0 of 10 years old and for adults of 20 years old.

title: BCG policy and XXXX control in Hungary.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The spontaneously @entity0 BioBreeding/Worcester (BB/W) @entity1 was used to examine the role of glycemic control in the pathogenesis of @entity5 and @entity3 . Nondiabetic BB/ @entity1 (group 1) were compared with moderately (group 2) and severely (group 3) @entity4 @entity0 animals of similar age. Urinary protein excretion and morphometric measurements of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) width and mesangial area were performed after 4, 8, and 12 mo of study. At 4 mo, urinary protein excretion both in group 2 (9.3 +/- 0.7 mg/24 h) and group 3 (24.8 +/- 1.98 mg/24 h) exceeded that in group 1 (5.4 +/- 0.6 mg/24 h; P less than .05). Moreover, @entity3 in group 3 was significantly greater than in group 2 (P less than .05). In addition, @entity3 increased in group 3 animals between 4 and 12 mo of study but did not advance in groups 1 or 2. @entity2 width in both @entity0 groups (168.8 +/- 2.4 and 165.7 +/- 2.2 nm, groups 2 and 3, respectively) exceeded that in group 1 (148.3 +/- 3.8 nm; P less than .01) by 4 mo. At 12 mo, severely @entity4 group 3 animals had significantly greater @entity2 thickening than group 2. @entity2 width increased in all three groups over the course of study, but the rate of growth did not differ between groups 1 and 2. However, the rate of growth in group 3 was greater than in either group 1 or group 2. Urinary protein excretion correlated significantly with @entity2 width in @entity0 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Glomerulopathy in spontaneously XXXX @entity1 . Impact of glycemic control.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The spontaneously @entity0 BioBreeding/Worcester (BB/W) @entity1 was used to examine the role of glycemic control in the pathogenesis of @entity5 and @entity3 . Nondiabetic BB/ @entity1 (group 1) were compared with moderately (group 2) and severely (group 3) @entity4 @entity0 animals of similar age. Urinary protein excretion and morphometric measurements of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) width and mesangial area were performed after 4, 8, and 12 mo of study. At 4 mo, urinary protein excretion both in group 2 (9.3 +/- 0.7 mg/24 h) and group 3 (24.8 +/- 1.98 mg/24 h) exceeded that in group 1 (5.4 +/- 0.6 mg/24 h; P less than .05). Moreover, @entity3 in group 3 was significantly greater than in group 2 (P less than .05). In addition, @entity3 increased in group 3 animals between 4 and 12 mo of study but did not advance in groups 1 or 2. @entity2 width in both @entity0 groups (168.8 +/- 2.4 and 165.7 +/- 2.2 nm, groups 2 and 3, respectively) exceeded that in group 1 (148.3 +/- 3.8 nm; P less than .01) by 4 mo. At 12 mo, severely @entity4 group 3 animals had significantly greater @entity2 thickening than group 2. @entity2 width increased in all three groups over the course of study, but the rate of growth did not differ between groups 1 and 2. However, the rate of growth in group 3 was greater than in either group 1 or group 2. Urinary protein excretion correlated significantly with @entity2 width in @entity0 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Glomerulopathy in spontaneously @entity0 XXXX . Impact of glycemic control.

answer: @entity1


abstract: There is abundant epidemiological evidence that @entity7 is an environmental carcinogen related to @entity0 @entity1 of the skin, lung, liver and urinary bladder, in particular. @entity8 ( @entity9 ) has also been reported to act as a carcinogen/or a promoter in @entity3 models. To elucidate molecular mechanisms, we conducted an 18 month carcinogenicity study of @entity9 in @entity6 heterozygous (+/-) knockout @entity2 , which are susceptible to early spontaneous development of various types of @entity1 , and wild-type (+/+) C57BL/6J @entity2 . Totals of 88-90 males, 7-8 weeks of age, were divided into three groups each administered 0, 50 or 200 p.p.m. @entity9 in their drinking water for 18 months. @entity2 that were found moribund or died before the end of the study were autopsied to evaluate the @entity1 induction levels, as well as those killed at the end. Both @entity6 (+/-) knockout and wild-type @entity2 demonstrated spontaneous @entity1 development, but lesions were more prevalent in the knockout case. Carcinogenic effect of @entity9 was evident by significant early induction of @entity1 in both treated @entity6 (+/-) knockout and wild-type @entity2 , significant increase of the @entity1 multiplicity in 200 p.p.m.-treated @entity6 (+/-) knockout @entity2 , and by significant increase in the incidence and @entity1 ( @entity5 ) in the treated wild-type @entity2 . By the end of 80 weeks, @entity1 induction, particularly @entity5 and @entity4 , were similar in treated and control @entity6 (+/-) knockout @entity2 . No evidence for organ- @entity1 specificity of @entity9 was obtained. Molecular analysis using PCR-SSCP techniques revealed no @entity6 mutations in lymphomas from either @entity6 (+/-) knockout or wild-type @entity2 . In conclusion, @entity9 primarily exerted its carcinogenic effect on spontaneous development of @entity1 with both of the animal genotypes investigated here.

title: Carcinogenicity of XXXX in @entity6 heterozygous knockout and wild-type C57BL/6J @entity2 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: There is abundant epidemiological evidence that @entity7 is an environmental carcinogen related to @entity0 @entity1 of the skin, lung, liver and urinary bladder, in particular. @entity8 ( @entity9 ) has also been reported to act as a carcinogen/or a promoter in @entity3 models. To elucidate molecular mechanisms, we conducted an 18 month carcinogenicity study of @entity9 in @entity6 heterozygous (+/-) knockout @entity2 , which are susceptible to early spontaneous development of various types of @entity1 , and wild-type (+/+) C57BL/6J @entity2 . Totals of 88-90 males, 7-8 weeks of age, were divided into three groups each administered 0, 50 or 200 p.p.m. @entity9 in their drinking water for 18 months. @entity2 that were found moribund or died before the end of the study were autopsied to evaluate the @entity1 induction levels, as well as those killed at the end. Both @entity6 (+/-) knockout and wild-type @entity2 demonstrated spontaneous @entity1 development, but lesions were more prevalent in the knockout case. Carcinogenic effect of @entity9 was evident by significant early induction of @entity1 in both treated @entity6 (+/-) knockout and wild-type @entity2 , significant increase of the @entity1 multiplicity in 200 p.p.m.-treated @entity6 (+/-) knockout @entity2 , and by significant increase in the incidence and @entity1 ( @entity5 ) in the treated wild-type @entity2 . By the end of 80 weeks, @entity1 induction, particularly @entity5 and @entity4 , were similar in treated and control @entity6 (+/-) knockout @entity2 . No evidence for organ- @entity1 specificity of @entity9 was obtained. Molecular analysis using PCR-SSCP techniques revealed no @entity6 mutations in lymphomas from either @entity6 (+/-) knockout or wild-type @entity2 . In conclusion, @entity9 primarily exerted its carcinogenic effect on spontaneous development of @entity1 with both of the animal genotypes investigated here.

title: Carcinogenicity of @entity8 in XXXX heterozygous knockout and wild-type C57BL/6J @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: There is abundant epidemiological evidence that @entity7 is an environmental carcinogen related to @entity0 @entity1 of the skin, lung, liver and urinary bladder, in particular. @entity8 ( @entity9 ) has also been reported to act as a carcinogen/or a promoter in @entity3 models. To elucidate molecular mechanisms, we conducted an 18 month carcinogenicity study of @entity9 in @entity6 heterozygous (+/-) knockout @entity2 , which are susceptible to early spontaneous development of various types of @entity1 , and wild-type (+/+) C57BL/6J @entity2 . Totals of 88-90 males, 7-8 weeks of age, were divided into three groups each administered 0, 50 or 200 p.p.m. @entity9 in their drinking water for 18 months. @entity2 that were found moribund or died before the end of the study were autopsied to evaluate the @entity1 induction levels, as well as those killed at the end. Both @entity6 (+/-) knockout and wild-type @entity2 demonstrated spontaneous @entity1 development, but lesions were more prevalent in the knockout case. Carcinogenic effect of @entity9 was evident by significant early induction of @entity1 in both treated @entity6 (+/-) knockout and wild-type @entity2 , significant increase of the @entity1 multiplicity in 200 p.p.m.-treated @entity6 (+/-) knockout @entity2 , and by significant increase in the incidence and @entity1 ( @entity5 ) in the treated wild-type @entity2 . By the end of 80 weeks, @entity1 induction, particularly @entity5 and @entity4 , were similar in treated and control @entity6 (+/-) knockout @entity2 . No evidence for organ- @entity1 specificity of @entity9 was obtained. Molecular analysis using PCR-SSCP techniques revealed no @entity6 mutations in lymphomas from either @entity6 (+/-) knockout or wild-type @entity2 . In conclusion, @entity9 primarily exerted its carcinogenic effect on spontaneous development of @entity1 with both of the animal genotypes investigated here.

title: Carcinogenicity of @entity8 in @entity6 heterozygous knockout and wild-type C57BL/6J XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Soluble fibres, such as guar gum, promote and @entity5 bran or methylcellulose protect from chemically induced @entity3 , relative to the effect of a fibre-free diet in @entity0 . Mechanisms are poorly understood. Whereas all fibres are trophic to the colonic epithelium, the heterogeneity of effects on @entity1 may reflect different effects on the total number of crypts and, therefore, the size of the stem cell population. This study aimed to assess this hypothesis. @entity0 were fed one of fibre-free diets with or without 10% @entity5 bran, methylcellulose or guar gum for 4 weeks. The distal colons were stained with @entity6 and quantified for the number and density of crypts using an image analysis system. Epithelial proliferative kinetics was measured stathmokinetically. Methodology for quantifying crypts was valid and reproducible. @entity0 fed a fibre-free diet had @entity3 , as shown by a decrease in crypt column height and a lower mitotic index. Fibre supplementation prevented the @entity2 and was associated with @entity4 areas that were 30-60% larger than those in the fibre-free group (P < 0.001, ANOVA), with the @entity7 group being the largest (1.16 microm(2)). The crypt density of the fibre-free group was 16-19% greater than those in fibre fed groups (P + 0.006), due to the smaller size of the crypts. However, there was no difference in the total number of crypts across the four dietary groups (P > 0.1). Distal colons in all of the dietary groups contained approximately 10(5) crypts. In conclusion, although variation in the amount or type of dietary fibre exerts heterogeneous effects on the growth of the colonic epithelium and on @entity3 , the total number of crypts in the distal colon remains constant. It is, therefore, unlikely that fibres influence carcinogenic events by altering the size of the stem cell population.

title: The trophic effect of dietary fibre is not associated with a change in total crypt number in the distal colon of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity5 of the small intrahepatic veins has been suggested to trigger liver tissue remodelling. We evaluated the prevalence of multiple @entity5 risk factors and their association with the extent of @entity3 in @entity8 . METHODS: Ninety consecutive @entity0 with chronic @entity7 or C without @entity1 , a history of @entity2 , or antiviral/immunosuppressive therapy within the last six months were included. Thrombophilic and coagulation factors were evaluated on the liver biopsy day. RESULTS: One or more @entity5 risk factors were found in 68% and > or =2 factors in 37% of @entity0 . Higher necroinflammatory activity was independently associated with higher prothrombin time (p=0.003), @entity4 aminotransferase level (p=0.011), and histological staging (p=0.018). @entity0 with staging scores of 4-6 compared with those with scores of 0-3 more frequently had @entity9 (24% v 3%; p=0.007), antithrombin III (28% v 5%; p=0.005), and plasminogen (19% v 2%; p=0.03), and a trend for more frequent activated protein C resistance (8% v 0%; p=0.075). The presence of > or =1 significant @entity5 risk factor was observed in 11/25 (44%) @entity0 with staging scores of 4-6 and in 6/65 (9%) @entity0 with scores of 0-3 (p<0.001), being the only variable independently associated with advanced staging (odds ratio 2.4, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 risk factors are frequently detected in @entity0 with @entity8 and the presence of > or =1 significant factor is associated with more advanced @entity3 . Whether the association of such thrombophilic conditions with advanced @entity3 is a primary or secondary phenomenon and whether their development in combination with local inflammation accelerate the progression of @entity6 need further evaluation.

title: @entity5 risk factors and extent of @entity6 in XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity5 of the small intrahepatic veins has been suggested to trigger liver tissue remodelling. We evaluated the prevalence of multiple @entity5 risk factors and their association with the extent of @entity3 in @entity8 . METHODS: Ninety consecutive @entity0 with chronic @entity7 or C without @entity1 , a history of @entity2 , or antiviral/immunosuppressive therapy within the last six months were included. Thrombophilic and coagulation factors were evaluated on the liver biopsy day. RESULTS: One or more @entity5 risk factors were found in 68% and > or =2 factors in 37% of @entity0 . Higher necroinflammatory activity was independently associated with higher prothrombin time (p=0.003), @entity4 aminotransferase level (p=0.011), and histological staging (p=0.018). @entity0 with staging scores of 4-6 compared with those with scores of 0-3 more frequently had @entity9 (24% v 3%; p=0.007), antithrombin III (28% v 5%; p=0.005), and plasminogen (19% v 2%; p=0.03), and a trend for more frequent activated protein C resistance (8% v 0%; p=0.075). The presence of > or =1 significant @entity5 risk factor was observed in 11/25 (44%) @entity0 with staging scores of 4-6 and in 6/65 (9%) @entity0 with scores of 0-3 (p<0.001), being the only variable independently associated with advanced staging (odds ratio 2.4, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 risk factors are frequently detected in @entity0 with @entity8 and the presence of > or =1 significant factor is associated with more advanced @entity3 . Whether the association of such thrombophilic conditions with advanced @entity3 is a primary or secondary phenomenon and whether their development in combination with local inflammation accelerate the progression of @entity6 need further evaluation.

title: @entity5 risk factors and extent of XXXX in @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity5 of the small intrahepatic veins has been suggested to trigger liver tissue remodelling. We evaluated the prevalence of multiple @entity5 risk factors and their association with the extent of @entity3 in @entity8 . METHODS: Ninety consecutive @entity0 with chronic @entity7 or C without @entity1 , a history of @entity2 , or antiviral/immunosuppressive therapy within the last six months were included. Thrombophilic and coagulation factors were evaluated on the liver biopsy day. RESULTS: One or more @entity5 risk factors were found in 68% and > or =2 factors in 37% of @entity0 . Higher necroinflammatory activity was independently associated with higher prothrombin time (p=0.003), @entity4 aminotransferase level (p=0.011), and histological staging (p=0.018). @entity0 with staging scores of 4-6 compared with those with scores of 0-3 more frequently had @entity9 (24% v 3%; p=0.007), antithrombin III (28% v 5%; p=0.005), and plasminogen (19% v 2%; p=0.03), and a trend for more frequent activated protein C resistance (8% v 0%; p=0.075). The presence of > or =1 significant @entity5 risk factor was observed in 11/25 (44%) @entity0 with staging scores of 4-6 and in 6/65 (9%) @entity0 with scores of 0-3 (p<0.001), being the only variable independently associated with advanced staging (odds ratio 2.4, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 risk factors are frequently detected in @entity0 with @entity8 and the presence of > or =1 significant factor is associated with more advanced @entity3 . Whether the association of such thrombophilic conditions with advanced @entity3 is a primary or secondary phenomenon and whether their development in combination with local inflammation accelerate the progression of @entity6 need further evaluation.

title: XXXX risk factors and extent of @entity6 in @entity8 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Smokers with @entity4 are at increased risk of @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of using autofluorescence bronchoscopy after sputum examination for early detection of large @entity0 and factors associated with the presence of @entity1 and pre- @entity1 lesions among smokers with @entity4 . METHODS: Subjects at the @entity3 clinic were recruited if they fulfilled the following criteria: 1) age >= 40 years, 2) smoking history of >= 20 pack-years and 3) confirmed diagnosis of @entity4 . Sputum specimens were collected for cytology/cytometry examination and autofluorescence bronchoscopy was performed in subjects with an abnormal sputum result. RESULTS: A total of 48 subjects were recruited during the study period. The mean age and smoking history were respectively 63    10 years and 51    30 pack-years. @entity0 and @entity2 (squamous metaplasia or above) were detected in respectively 2 (4.2%) and 14 (29.2%) subjects. The proportions of current smokers (75.0% vs. 40.6%, P = 0.03) and asbestos exposure (37.5% vs. 9.4%, P = 0.04) were significantly higher in subjects with the above lesions compared with those without. CONCLUSIONS: Sputum examination followed by autofluorescence bronchoscopy may be a useful way of identifying @entity1 /pre- @entity1 lesions among silicotic smokers. Current smoking and asbestos exposure were associated with these lesions.

title: Early detection of central @entity0 in smokers with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Smokers with @entity4 are at increased risk of @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of using autofluorescence bronchoscopy after sputum examination for early detection of large @entity0 and factors associated with the presence of @entity1 and pre- @entity1 lesions among smokers with @entity4 . METHODS: Subjects at the @entity3 clinic were recruited if they fulfilled the following criteria: 1) age >= 40 years, 2) smoking history of >= 20 pack-years and 3) confirmed diagnosis of @entity4 . Sputum specimens were collected for cytology/cytometry examination and autofluorescence bronchoscopy was performed in subjects with an abnormal sputum result. RESULTS: A total of 48 subjects were recruited during the study period. The mean age and smoking history were respectively 63    10 years and 51    30 pack-years. @entity0 and @entity2 (squamous metaplasia or above) were detected in respectively 2 (4.2%) and 14 (29.2%) subjects. The proportions of current smokers (75.0% vs. 40.6%, P = 0.03) and asbestos exposure (37.5% vs. 9.4%, P = 0.04) were significantly higher in subjects with the above lesions compared with those without. CONCLUSIONS: Sputum examination followed by autofluorescence bronchoscopy may be a useful way of identifying @entity1 /pre- @entity1 lesions among silicotic smokers. Current smoking and asbestos exposure were associated with these lesions.

title: Early detection of central XXXX in smokers with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Left pancreatic @entity1 (LPTs) are rare but serious lesions occurring in 1 to 6 per cent of @entity4 @entity0 and mainly resulting from blunt @entity1 . LPT severity is primarily dependent on the associated @entity1 and secondarily related to main @entity2 responsible for complications: acute @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity5 , or abscesses. The guidelines for blunt LPT management can be presented as follows. In case of emergency laparotomy, pancreas exploration is mandatory to detect @entity2 . In the absence of main @entity2 , simple drainage is advocated. In case of distal injury to the main pancreatic duct, a left pancreatectomy is mandatory. In the absence of initial laparotomy, the diagnosis is more and more based on CT and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, which tend to replace endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as a first-intent diagnostic modality. In case of distal injury to the main pancreatic duct, spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy is recommended. In the absence of main @entity2 , nonoperative treatment is advocated. When LPTs are discovered at the time of complications, @entity5 and/or @entity6 are associated with main @entity2 , which can be treated by pancreatic duct stenting at ERCP and/or internal endoscopic cystogastrostomy. However, in such cases, spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy remains the treatment of choice. @entity2 resulting from LPT have to be diagnosed early to avoid late complications. Distal pancreatectomy remains the treatment of choice in case of severe @entity2 because the role of ERCP stenting and endoscopic techniques needs further evaluation.

title: Management of left XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: GOAL: Comparison between a fluid-sensitive (HASTE-TIRM)-sequence and delayed contrast-enhancement in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 32 @entity0 with @entity2 were imaged 7 +/- 4 days after the time of @entity4 with a 1.5 T unit using a T2 HASTE-TIRM and a contrast-enhanced (CE) T1 turbo FLASH sequence. A threshold method (>2 SD in comparison with normal myocardium) was used to quantify the hyperintense zones in both sequences. The transmurality of the hyperintense regions was measured on a segmental basis. RESULTS: The hyperintense areas were larger on the HASTE-TIRM sequence with 29.6 +/- 13.2 % of the left ventricular (LV) area as compared to the CE-MRI with 19.2 +/- 10 % of the LV area (p < 0.0001). The measured transmurality was higher with the HASTE-TIRM sequence than with the CE-MRI (p < 0.0001). While the correlation between CE-MRI and peak @entity3 kinase (CK max) was good (r = 0.59, p < 0.001), no correlation was found between the HASTE-TIRM sequence and CK max (r = 0.29, p = ns). CONCLUSIONS: The peri- @entity4 @entity1 can be depicted with a HASTE-TIRM sequence in addition to the non-viable @entity4 zone. The HASTE-TIRM sequence shows a higher transmurality of the hyperintense regions than the CE-MRI. The additional area depicted by the HASTE-TIRM sequence could represent functionally impaired but viable myocardium).

title: [Comparison of an @entity1 -sensitive HASTE-TIRM sequence with delayed contrast enhancement in acute XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: GOAL: Comparison between a fluid-sensitive (HASTE-TIRM)-sequence and delayed contrast-enhancement in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 32 @entity0 with @entity2 were imaged 7 +/- 4 days after the time of @entity4 with a 1.5 T unit using a T2 HASTE-TIRM and a contrast-enhanced (CE) T1 turbo FLASH sequence. A threshold method (>2 SD in comparison with normal myocardium) was used to quantify the hyperintense zones in both sequences. The transmurality of the hyperintense regions was measured on a segmental basis. RESULTS: The hyperintense areas were larger on the HASTE-TIRM sequence with 29.6 +/- 13.2 % of the left ventricular (LV) area as compared to the CE-MRI with 19.2 +/- 10 % of the LV area (p < 0.0001). The measured transmurality was higher with the HASTE-TIRM sequence than with the CE-MRI (p < 0.0001). While the correlation between CE-MRI and peak @entity3 kinase (CK max) was good (r = 0.59, p < 0.001), no correlation was found between the HASTE-TIRM sequence and CK max (r = 0.29, p = ns). CONCLUSIONS: The peri- @entity4 @entity1 can be depicted with a HASTE-TIRM sequence in addition to the non-viable @entity4 zone. The HASTE-TIRM sequence shows a higher transmurality of the hyperintense regions than the CE-MRI. The additional area depicted by the HASTE-TIRM sequence could represent functionally impaired but viable myocardium).

title: [Comparison of an XXXX -sensitive HASTE-TIRM sequence with delayed contrast enhancement in acute @entity2 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity0 presented with a 3-week history of dry cough and left @entity6 with a new exudative @entity7 . Sixteen years earlier, he was diagnosed with @entity4 presenting with @entity12 , @entity13 , mildly disturbed liver function tests and noncaseating granulomata on liver biopsy, with no evidence of @entity3 . He was treated with @entity2 and in recent years maintained at a low daily dose, until it was eventually discontinued two years prior to his present illness. There was no evidence of @entity1 , and the fluid resolved following treatment with naproxen. Three weeks later the @entity0 presented with sudden onset of @entity10 and left @entity6 . After starting intravenous heparin for suspected @entity8 , the @entity0 developed @entity9 which was accompanied by abdominal tenderness and decreasing hematocrit. @entity14 was diagnosed, and the @entity0 underwent splenectomy. Pathology specimens revealed a @entity5 with subcapsular @entity11 , and numerous noncaseating granulomata within the splenic tissue. This @entity0 had recurrent @entity4 with two rare manifestations of the disease, 2 years after withdrawing low dose @entity2 , given for a prolonged time. The possibility of reemergence of the disease in organs other than the organs involved in the initial presentation should always be considered in @entity4 .

title: Pleural effusion with @entity14 as manifestations of recurrence of XXXX following prolonged remission.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity0 presented with a 3-week history of dry cough and left @entity6 with a new exudative @entity7 . Sixteen years earlier, he was diagnosed with @entity4 presenting with @entity12 , @entity13 , mildly disturbed liver function tests and noncaseating granulomata on liver biopsy, with no evidence of @entity3 . He was treated with @entity2 and in recent years maintained at a low daily dose, until it was eventually discontinued two years prior to his present illness. There was no evidence of @entity1 , and the fluid resolved following treatment with naproxen. Three weeks later the @entity0 presented with sudden onset of @entity10 and left @entity6 . After starting intravenous heparin for suspected @entity8 , the @entity0 developed @entity9 which was accompanied by abdominal tenderness and decreasing hematocrit. @entity14 was diagnosed, and the @entity0 underwent splenectomy. Pathology specimens revealed a @entity5 with subcapsular @entity11 , and numerous noncaseating granulomata within the splenic tissue. This @entity0 had recurrent @entity4 with two rare manifestations of the disease, 2 years after withdrawing low dose @entity2 , given for a prolonged time. The possibility of reemergence of the disease in organs other than the organs involved in the initial presentation should always be considered in @entity4 .

title: Pleural effusion with XXXX as manifestations of recurrence of @entity4 following prolonged remission.

answer: @entity14


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of radiation therapy for local control of nonmetastatic @entity2 after induction chemotherapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: Of 187 @entity0 with nonmetastatic @entity2 treated with induction chemotherapy since 1986, 31 refused surgery and underwent standard, fractionated external beam radiotherapy for local control. The median radiation dose to the limb was 60 Gy (range 40-68 Gy). Records were reviewed through April 2002, and outcomes including radiologic and biochemical response, local control, limb function, and survival were analyzed. The end points were local progression-free survival, metastases-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: Overall survival, local progression-free survival, and metastases-free survival at 5 years were a mean +/- SD of 61%+/-11%, 56%+/-12%, and 62%+/-10%, respectively. The outcome correlated significantly with @entity0 ' imaging and biochemical response. In @entity0 who had a pronounced response, overall survival and metastases-free survival at 5 years were 90%+/-9% and 91%+/-9%, respectively, but it was only 35%+/-15% and 42%+/-13% in the nonresponders (P=.005 and P=.005, respectively). Local control was also related to response after induction chemotherapy. None of the 11 @entity0 with both a good imaging and a good biochemical response had local relapse; median follow-up was 67 months. The estimated local progression-free survival among nonresponders was 31%+/-16% at 3 years and 0% at 5 years. Of 22 @entity0 surviving without @entity1 progression, 19 (86%) had excellent limb function (Enneking score between 90% and 100%) at the time of most recent evaluation. CONCLUSION: When used after effective induction chemotherapy for @entity2 , radiation therapy can be a reliable modality to control @entity1 and preserve limb function.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and local radiotherapy for high-grade XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are a feasible source of stem cells for use in clinical applications. hASCs are typically cultured in medium containing @entity3 ( @entity8 ); however, use of @entity8 is not recommended due to issues of clinical safety with regard to infections or immune response. Replacement of @entity8 with autologous human serum (autoHS) can eliminate these problems; however, their maintainability as potent ASCs in autoHS needs to be confirmed. Thus, we conducted an investigation of characterizations and functions of hASCs grown in medium containing autoHS compared to @entity8 . Cell counting and the WST-8 assay were used in assessment of the proliferation rate. In hASC cultured with culture medium plus autoHS or @entity8 , cell phenotypes were characterized by flow cytometry ( @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity2 ) and expression of @entity4 , @entity11 , IGF, @entity9 , NGF, and @entity1 was determined by RT   PCR. Adipogenic differentiation was confirmed by oil red O stain. hASC showed greater expansion in AutoHS than in @entity8 . Cell surface markers of hASCs grown in autoHS (autoHS-hASCs) were similar to markers of those grown in @entity8 ( @entity8 ). AutoHS-hASCs also expressed multiple growth factors as well as @entity8 . In addition, autoHS was effective in growth of hASCs as well as @entity8 and autoHS-hASCs retained their ability for adipogenic differentiation. In summary, autoHS-hASCs have multiple growth factor expressions with the same cell surface markers as @entity8   hASCs in vitro. Our results suggest that autoHS can provide sufficient ex vivo expansion of hASCs.

title: Efficacy of autologous serum in XXXX adipose-derived stem cells; cell markers, growth factors and differentiation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Three cases (2 @entity0 , 1 @entity0 ) of expansive @entity4 treated with a single 50-mg intramuscular dose of a new form of injectable, long-acting @entity5 are presented. Clinical manifestations included @entity3 (2 cases), @entity2 (1 case), and @entity7 (3 cases). Laboratory tests demonstrated high basal serum @entity6 ( @entity6 ) levels and evidence of involvement of other anterior pituitary hormones in all cases. Treatment was followed by marked improvement of symptoms paralleled by a sharp decrease of serum @entity6 levels, which normalized in 1 case. Some other anterior pituitary functions also improved. Computed tomography scan revealed shrinkage of the @entity1 in all cases. There were no local or serious systemic side effects. These initial findings suggest that long-acting injectable @entity5 has a place in the initial treatment of @entity4 , especially for those with @entity3 . It can also be used to select @entity0 for surgery, in the cases where clinical and radiological improvement could not be obtained. The effects of long-term use remain to be established by further studies.

title: Short-term management of @entity4 with a new injectable form of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Three cases (2 @entity0 , 1 @entity0 ) of expansive @entity4 treated with a single 50-mg intramuscular dose of a new form of injectable, long-acting @entity5 are presented. Clinical manifestations included @entity3 (2 cases), @entity2 (1 case), and @entity7 (3 cases). Laboratory tests demonstrated high basal serum @entity6 ( @entity6 ) levels and evidence of involvement of other anterior pituitary hormones in all cases. Treatment was followed by marked improvement of symptoms paralleled by a sharp decrease of serum @entity6 levels, which normalized in 1 case. Some other anterior pituitary functions also improved. Computed tomography scan revealed shrinkage of the @entity1 in all cases. There were no local or serious systemic side effects. These initial findings suggest that long-acting injectable @entity5 has a place in the initial treatment of @entity4 , especially for those with @entity3 . It can also be used to select @entity0 for surgery, in the cases where clinical and radiological improvement could not be obtained. The effects of long-term use remain to be established by further studies.

title: Short-term management of XXXX with a new injectable form of @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Two cases of @entity3 ( @entity1 ) are described in which bronchoalveolar lavage was undertaken during the acute phase and after recovery. Both cases occurred after exposure to mould dust in a silo in the course of removing the top mouldy layer of silage or oats at the start of unloading. The workers suffered an @entity2 accompanied by cough and dyspnoea. One @entity0 had impaired ventilatory function and both had arterial desaturation in the acute phase. There was mild impairment of diffusing capacity (transfer factor). Bronchoscopy showed inflammation of the bronchial mucosa in one @entity0 . Fungal spores were cultured from the lavage fluid in both @entity0 . In both @entity0 there was an increase in the percentage of neutrophils in the lavage fluid without increase in lymphocytes. The immunoglobulin concentration in the lavage fluid was normal. At the follow up lavage the neutrophils had returned to normal while a mild lymphocytosis of the lavage fluid was seen in both @entity0 .

title: Bronchoalveolar lavage in @entity3 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two cases of @entity3 ( @entity1 ) are described in which bronchoalveolar lavage was undertaken during the acute phase and after recovery. Both cases occurred after exposure to mould dust in a silo in the course of removing the top mouldy layer of silage or oats at the start of unloading. The workers suffered an @entity2 accompanied by cough and dyspnoea. One @entity0 had impaired ventilatory function and both had arterial desaturation in the acute phase. There was mild impairment of diffusing capacity (transfer factor). Bronchoscopy showed inflammation of the bronchial mucosa in one @entity0 . Fungal spores were cultured from the lavage fluid in both @entity0 . In both @entity0 there was an increase in the percentage of neutrophils in the lavage fluid without increase in lymphocytes. The immunoglobulin concentration in the lavage fluid was normal. At the follow up lavage the neutrophils had returned to normal while a mild lymphocytosis of the lavage fluid was seen in both @entity0 .

title: Bronchoalveolar lavage in XXXX ( @entity1 ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled long-acting @entity5 agonists improve lung function and health status in symptomatic @entity4 ( @entity4 ), whereas inhaled @entity2 reduce the frequency of acute episodes of symptom exacerbation and @entity1 in health status. We postulated that a combination of these treatments would be better than each component used alone. METHODS: 1465 @entity0 with @entity4 were recruited from outpatient departments in 25 countries. They were treated in a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study with either 50 microg @entity8 twice daily (n=372), 500 microg @entity7 twice daily (n=374), 50 microg @entity8 and 500 microg @entity7 twice daily (n=358), or placebo (n=361) for 12 months. The primary outcome was the pretreatment forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) after 12 months treatment' and after @entity0 had abstained from all bronchodilators for at least 6h and from study medication for at least 12h. Secondary outcomes were other lung function measurements, symptoms and rescue treatment use, the number of exacerbations, @entity0 withdrawals, and disease-specific health status. We assessed adverse events, serum @entity3 concentrations, skin @entity6 , and electrocardiograms. Analysis was as predefined in the study protocol. FINDINGS: All active treatments improved lung function, symptoms, and health status and reduced use of rescue medication and frequency of exacerbations. Combination therapy improved pretreatment FEV1 significantly more than did placebo (treatment difference 133 mL, 95% CI 105-161, p<0.0001), @entity8 (73 mL, 46-101, p<0.0001), or @entity7 alone (95 mL, 67-122, p<0.0001). Combination treatment produced a clinically significant improvement in health status and the greatest reduction in daily symptoms. All treatments were well tolerated with no difference in the frequency of adverse events, @entity6 , or clinically significant falls in serum @entity3 concentration. INTERPRETATION: Because inhaled long-acting @entity5 agonists and corticosteroid combination treatment produces better control of symptoms and lung function, with no greater risk of side-effects than that with use of either component alone, this combination treatment should be considered for @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Combined @entity8 and XXXX in the treatment of @entity4 : a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled long-acting @entity5 agonists improve lung function and health status in symptomatic @entity4 ( @entity4 ), whereas inhaled @entity2 reduce the frequency of acute episodes of symptom exacerbation and @entity1 in health status. We postulated that a combination of these treatments would be better than each component used alone. METHODS: 1465 @entity0 with @entity4 were recruited from outpatient departments in 25 countries. They were treated in a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study with either 50 microg @entity8 twice daily (n=372), 500 microg @entity7 twice daily (n=374), 50 microg @entity8 and 500 microg @entity7 twice daily (n=358), or placebo (n=361) for 12 months. The primary outcome was the pretreatment forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) after 12 months treatment' and after @entity0 had abstained from all bronchodilators for at least 6h and from study medication for at least 12h. Secondary outcomes were other lung function measurements, symptoms and rescue treatment use, the number of exacerbations, @entity0 withdrawals, and disease-specific health status. We assessed adverse events, serum @entity3 concentrations, skin @entity6 , and electrocardiograms. Analysis was as predefined in the study protocol. FINDINGS: All active treatments improved lung function, symptoms, and health status and reduced use of rescue medication and frequency of exacerbations. Combination therapy improved pretreatment FEV1 significantly more than did placebo (treatment difference 133 mL, 95% CI 105-161, p<0.0001), @entity8 (73 mL, 46-101, p<0.0001), or @entity7 alone (95 mL, 67-122, p<0.0001). Combination treatment produced a clinically significant improvement in health status and the greatest reduction in daily symptoms. All treatments were well tolerated with no difference in the frequency of adverse events, @entity6 , or clinically significant falls in serum @entity3 concentration. INTERPRETATION: Because inhaled long-acting @entity5 agonists and corticosteroid combination treatment produces better control of symptoms and lung function, with no greater risk of side-effects than that with use of either component alone, this combination treatment should be considered for @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Combined XXXX and @entity7 in the treatment of @entity4 : a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled long-acting @entity5 agonists improve lung function and health status in symptomatic @entity4 ( @entity4 ), whereas inhaled @entity2 reduce the frequency of acute episodes of symptom exacerbation and @entity1 in health status. We postulated that a combination of these treatments would be better than each component used alone. METHODS: 1465 @entity0 with @entity4 were recruited from outpatient departments in 25 countries. They were treated in a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study with either 50 microg @entity8 twice daily (n=372), 500 microg @entity7 twice daily (n=374), 50 microg @entity8 and 500 microg @entity7 twice daily (n=358), or placebo (n=361) for 12 months. The primary outcome was the pretreatment forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) after 12 months treatment' and after @entity0 had abstained from all bronchodilators for at least 6h and from study medication for at least 12h. Secondary outcomes were other lung function measurements, symptoms and rescue treatment use, the number of exacerbations, @entity0 withdrawals, and disease-specific health status. We assessed adverse events, serum @entity3 concentrations, skin @entity6 , and electrocardiograms. Analysis was as predefined in the study protocol. FINDINGS: All active treatments improved lung function, symptoms, and health status and reduced use of rescue medication and frequency of exacerbations. Combination therapy improved pretreatment FEV1 significantly more than did placebo (treatment difference 133 mL, 95% CI 105-161, p<0.0001), @entity8 (73 mL, 46-101, p<0.0001), or @entity7 alone (95 mL, 67-122, p<0.0001). Combination treatment produced a clinically significant improvement in health status and the greatest reduction in daily symptoms. All treatments were well tolerated with no difference in the frequency of adverse events, @entity6 , or clinically significant falls in serum @entity3 concentration. INTERPRETATION: Because inhaled long-acting @entity5 agonists and corticosteroid combination treatment produces better control of symptoms and lung function, with no greater risk of side-effects than that with use of either component alone, this combination treatment should be considered for @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Combined @entity8 and @entity7 in the treatment of XXXX : a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In a @entity0 with @entity7 , enzyme replacement therapy such as whole blood exchange transfusion or erythrocyte transfusion was performed, and its effect was confirmed in vitro as well as in vivo. The @entity0 has been treated with the restriction of protein intake, oral administration of an essential @entity2 mixture, and @entity5 or @entity6 . With these treatments, his plasma @entity4 levels were controlled. On the other hand, plasma and @entity3 concentrations of @entity1 were not so well controlled. With whole blood exchange transfusion and erythrocyte transfusion, plasma @entity1 concentrations and plasma @entity4 levels were controlled. These effects have continued for about 3 months. Furthermore, the effect of exchanged erythrocytes on the blood @entity1 levels was also confirmed by in vitro experimentation that mixes @entity1 with erythrocytes in the medium RPMI 1640. @entity1 concentration of the medium did not decrease when @entity1 was mixed with erythrocytes of the @entity0 , but when @entity1 was mixed with erythrocytes of mother or normal controls, it decreased rapidly. In calculation, 10(7) of erythrocytes of the mother or normal controls was presumed to metabolize 4-5 nmole of @entity1 per day. From these results, the erythrocyte exchange transfusion is considered to be effective for the control of clinical and biochemical abnormalities in this disorder.

title: Enzyme replacement therapy in a @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: In a @entity0 with @entity7 , enzyme replacement therapy such as whole blood exchange transfusion or erythrocyte transfusion was performed, and its effect was confirmed in vitro as well as in vivo. The @entity0 has been treated with the restriction of protein intake, oral administration of an essential @entity2 mixture, and @entity5 or @entity6 . With these treatments, his plasma @entity4 levels were controlled. On the other hand, plasma and @entity3 concentrations of @entity1 were not so well controlled. With whole blood exchange transfusion and erythrocyte transfusion, plasma @entity1 concentrations and plasma @entity4 levels were controlled. These effects have continued for about 3 months. Furthermore, the effect of exchanged erythrocytes on the blood @entity1 levels was also confirmed by in vitro experimentation that mixes @entity1 with erythrocytes in the medium RPMI 1640. @entity1 concentration of the medium did not decrease when @entity1 was mixed with erythrocytes of the @entity0 , but when @entity1 was mixed with erythrocytes of mother or normal controls, it decreased rapidly. In calculation, 10(7) of erythrocytes of the mother or normal controls was presumed to metabolize 4-5 nmole of @entity1 per day. From these results, the erythrocyte exchange transfusion is considered to be effective for the control of clinical and biochemical abnormalities in this disorder.

title: Enzyme replacement therapy in a XXXX with @entity7 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Although the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are relatively rare in general practice, they subjectively demand great attention because of their specific problems. To get a picture of for example their incidence in the general population and referral patterns in general practice, we collected and analysed the data from a (continuing) morbidity registration over 12 years in four general practices (Department of General Practice/Family Medicine University Nijmegen). The diseases occur mainly over age 50. The incidence of @entity1 is slightly higher than the incidence of @entity2 . The incidence of the diseases over the two sexes is practically equal. Because of the overpresentation of older @entity0 in the general population, more @entity0 than @entity0 present these diseases. Male @entity0 are younger than female. Only a part of the @entity0 has been referred or admitted to hospital. The referral depends on age of the @entity0 : The older the @entity0 the lower the referral-rate. The case-fatality of @entity1 is about 25%. @entity0 who die within a month, usually die in hospital. When @entity0 survive this period, they die more often at home than in a nursing home. @entity0 who die in a nursing home, are more often male than female. In older age groups a @entity1 means more often than not the end of life. In our view a referral is often not in the interest of the @entity0 . If a @entity0 stays at home, the GP has to create a team with family members, a district nurse or a physiotherapist in order to offer the @entity0 optimal medical and psychosocial attendance care.

title: [ @entity1 and XXXX in family practice. Incidence and perspectives].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are relatively rare in general practice, they subjectively demand great attention because of their specific problems. To get a picture of for example their incidence in the general population and referral patterns in general practice, we collected and analysed the data from a (continuing) morbidity registration over 12 years in four general practices (Department of General Practice/Family Medicine University Nijmegen). The diseases occur mainly over age 50. The incidence of @entity1 is slightly higher than the incidence of @entity2 . The incidence of the diseases over the two sexes is practically equal. Because of the overpresentation of older @entity0 in the general population, more @entity0 than @entity0 present these diseases. Male @entity0 are younger than female. Only a part of the @entity0 has been referred or admitted to hospital. The referral depends on age of the @entity0 : The older the @entity0 the lower the referral-rate. The case-fatality of @entity1 is about 25%. @entity0 who die within a month, usually die in hospital. When @entity0 survive this period, they die more often at home than in a nursing home. @entity0 who die in a nursing home, are more often male than female. In older age groups a @entity1 means more often than not the end of life. In our view a referral is often not in the interest of the @entity0 . If a @entity0 stays at home, the GP has to create a team with family members, a district nurse or a physiotherapist in order to offer the @entity0 optimal medical and psychosocial attendance care.

title: [ XXXX and @entity2 in family practice. Incidence and perspectives].

answer: @entity1