abstract: Interferon ( @entity5 ) has extensive immunoregulatory effects but its role in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) remains obscure. The observations that a high proportion of @entity0 with active @entity4 have increased @entity5 levels in their sera, and that @entity5 injected to lupus-prone @entity1 aggrevates their disease, led us to examine the effects of @entity5 on the production of 16/6--a high frequency idiotype of monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies produced by @entity0 - @entity0 hybridomas derived from @entity4 @entity0 . Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors or of @entity0 with @entity4 were incubated with @entity5 and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Seven-day supernatants were assayed for total IgM, for IgM with 16/6 idiotype, and for IgM anti-DNA activity. PWM-stimulated PBMC of all healthy donors examined produced the 16/6 idiotype (mean 2.5 ng/ml). A significant increase of 16/6 in normals (above the level with PWM alone) was noted with 10-100 u/ml of @entity5 but not with 500 u/ml. In 3/10 normals the addition of @entity5 resulted in detectable anti-DNA activity. The @entity5 -induced increase in 16/6 idiotype was significantly more than the increase in IgM (335% vs 47% above baseline, with 10 u/ml of @entity5 ). These effects of @entity5 could not be demonstrated in the absence of PWM nor in T-cell-depleted preparations. Recombinant @entity2 had no augmenting effect on 16/6 production. Three @entity4 @entity0 in remission had elevated levels of 16/6 in their PBMC supernatant (15-200 ng/ml) which could not be further augmented by @entity5 . Thus, we have demonstrated the potential of PWM-stimulated normal lymphocytes to generate a "lupus" idiotype and shown that production of this idiotype requires T cells and is preferentially enhanced by @entity5 . Further studies of the effects of @entity5 on the expression of anti-DNA antibodies may clarify a postulated role of @entity5 in @entity3 .

title: Effects of interferon-alpha on the expression of a XXXX in normal @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Interferon ( @entity5 ) has extensive immunoregulatory effects but its role in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) remains obscure. The observations that a high proportion of @entity0 with active @entity4 have increased @entity5 levels in their sera, and that @entity5 injected to lupus-prone @entity1 aggrevates their disease, led us to examine the effects of @entity5 on the production of 16/6--a high frequency idiotype of monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies produced by @entity0 - @entity0 hybridomas derived from @entity4 @entity0 . Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors or of @entity0 with @entity4 were incubated with @entity5 and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Seven-day supernatants were assayed for total IgM, for IgM with 16/6 idiotype, and for IgM anti-DNA activity. PWM-stimulated PBMC of all healthy donors examined produced the 16/6 idiotype (mean 2.5 ng/ml). A significant increase of 16/6 in normals (above the level with PWM alone) was noted with 10-100 u/ml of @entity5 but not with 500 u/ml. In 3/10 normals the addition of @entity5 resulted in detectable anti-DNA activity. The @entity5 -induced increase in 16/6 idiotype was significantly more than the increase in IgM (335% vs 47% above baseline, with 10 u/ml of @entity5 ). These effects of @entity5 could not be demonstrated in the absence of PWM nor in T-cell-depleted preparations. Recombinant @entity2 had no augmenting effect on 16/6 production. Three @entity4 @entity0 in remission had elevated levels of 16/6 in their PBMC supernatant (15-200 ng/ml) which could not be further augmented by @entity5 . Thus, we have demonstrated the potential of PWM-stimulated normal lymphocytes to generate a "lupus" idiotype and shown that production of this idiotype requires T cells and is preferentially enhanced by @entity5 . Further studies of the effects of @entity5 on the expression of anti-DNA antibodies may clarify a postulated role of @entity5 in @entity3 .

title: Effects of interferon-alpha on the expression of a @entity4 in normal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: ERCP is frequently the technique of choice for the diagnosis and palliative treatment of @entity1 . The sensitivity of tissue sampling techniques has been disappointing. Two small series have reported a high diagnostic yield from cytological examination of cellular debris from removed biliary stents. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical utility of stent cytology for the diagnosis of biliary and pancreatic @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 who had biliary or pancreatic stents removed at ERCP and evaluated cytologically were the subjects of this study. Stents were scraped and washed, and the cellular debris was examined cytologically and recorded as positive, atypical, or negative. @entity0 demographics, ductal stricture, and stent characteristics were recorded. RESULTS: Between January, 1994 and January, 2001 a total of 126 biliary stents from 101 @entity0 (61 male, 40 female, mean age 62 yr) and 29 pancreatic stents from 19 @entity0 (seven male, 12 female, mean age 58 yr) were examined. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of biliary and pancreatic stents for the diagnosis of @entity1 were: 11%, 100%, 100%, 53%, and 25%, 100%, 100%, 77.8%, respectively. The sensitivity improved slightly if all degrees of atypia were considered positive for @entity1 . The mean duration of stent placement was 93.6 days for biliary stents and 43.5 days for pancreatic stents. CONCLUSIONS: Biliary and pancreatic stent cytology has limited clinical utility in the diagnosis of @entity1 , owing to poor sensitivity. In addition, the time lag between stent placement and removal for cytologic examination further limits its contribution to @entity0 management.

title: Clinical utility of stent cytology for the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Exposure to @entity1 is a risk in the Hunter New England (HNE) region of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, based on yearly reported cases of @entity0 . We assessed seroprevalence of phase II antibodies to @entity1 by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA; screening at 1/50 dilution) of residents of 24 local government areas (LGA) of the HNE region of NSW. A total of 2,438 randomly selected sera sent to the Hunter Area Pathology Service for routine diagnostic purposes (not @entity0 testing) during the period of 2006-2009 were tested. The overall seroprevalence in sample group was 7%. The proportion of males (59%) was higher than females (41%). In age distribution, the largest proportion (37%) of seropositives was in the > 60 years age group. Lower prevalence was observed in 0-9 years (1%) and 10-19 years (5%) age groups. The seroprevalence in different LGAs varied between 0.5% and 22%. It was highest in Guyra (22%), Gunnedah (21%), Tenterfield (18%), and Narrabri (16%), with Newcastle (0.5%), Port Stephens (2%), Lake Macquarie (3%), and Singleton (3%) being the lowest. In most of the LGAs, seroprevalence was between 6% and 12%. This report indicates a considerable exposure to @entity1 of residents in rural areas of the HNE region and is consistent with the high notification rate for @entity0 in this part of Australia.

title: Seroprevalence to XXXX among residents of the Hunter New England region of New South Wales, Australia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly affecting the axial skeleton and @entity1 is a well known feature of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the pulmonary @entity5 ( @entity5 ) findings of @entity0 with early @entity4 . The relationship between pulmonary function tests (PFT) and @entity5 findings was also determined. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity0 with @entity4 (mean age 30.8+/-7.4 and disease duration 7.0+/-2.6) were included in the study. @entity0 with a disease duration of >10 years or had other @entity1 were excluded. All @entity0 underwent plain chest radiography (posteroanterior and lateral views), thoracic @entity5 and PFT. RESULTS: All chest radiographs were normal and @entity5 revealed @entity3 @entity0 . The most common abnormalities seen on @entity5 were mosaic pattern (ten of 28), subpleural nodule (seven of 28) and parenchymal bands (five of 28). Seven of ten @entity0 with mosaic pattern revealed air trapping areas on end expiratory scans. Twelve @entity0 had abnormal PFT and all had restrictive type of involvement. Ten of these 12 @entity0 had abnormal @entity5 and the remaining two @entity0 had normal @entity5 . On the other hand, eight @entity0 with normal PFT had abnormalities on @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 with early @entity4 frequently have abnormalities on @entity5 , even though they have normal PFT and chest X-ray. Small airway involvement was found as frequent as @entity2 in early @entity4 .

title: Lung findings on high resolution CT in early XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Delayed @entity2 (DTH) to @entity10 erythrocytes (SRBC) in @entity1 is a simple model of cellular immunity mediated primarily by Ly 1+ T-cells. Because little is known about the pharmacology of this model, the therapeutic effects of a variety of antiarthritic agents were tested. Swelling was determined using @entity5 plethysmography and used to determine drug activity. Two immunosuppressive agents ( @entity11 and @entity6 ) and two @entity4 ( @entity8 and @entity9 ) significantly reduced @entity0 . Only one of six nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), @entity3 , reduced @entity0 . @entity13 , @entity18 , and @entity14 augmented @entity0 and @entity15 and @entity17 were inactive. Four disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), @entity12 , @entity16 , @entity7 , and @entity19 , were tested and none inhibited @entity0 . @entity19 significantly augmented @entity0 . In conclusion, only @entity4 and immunosuppressive agents had consistent effects on DTH to SRBC. In general, NSAIDs and DMARDs were either inactive or augmented @entity0 . These results suggest that this model may be of use as a routine screen for immunomodulatory agents.

title: Effects of antiarthritic compounds on @entity10 erythrocyte-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Delayed @entity2 (DTH) to @entity10 erythrocytes (SRBC) in @entity1 is a simple model of cellular immunity mediated primarily by Ly 1+ T-cells. Because little is known about the pharmacology of this model, the therapeutic effects of a variety of antiarthritic agents were tested. Swelling was determined using @entity5 plethysmography and used to determine drug activity. Two immunosuppressive agents ( @entity11 and @entity6 ) and two @entity4 ( @entity8 and @entity9 ) significantly reduced @entity0 . Only one of six nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), @entity3 , reduced @entity0 . @entity13 , @entity18 , and @entity14 augmented @entity0 and @entity15 and @entity17 were inactive. Four disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), @entity12 , @entity16 , @entity7 , and @entity19 , were tested and none inhibited @entity0 . @entity19 significantly augmented @entity0 . In conclusion, only @entity4 and immunosuppressive agents had consistent effects on DTH to SRBC. In general, NSAIDs and DMARDs were either inactive or augmented @entity0 . These results suggest that this model may be of use as a routine screen for immunomodulatory agents.

title: Effects of antiarthritic compounds on XXXX erythrocyte-induced @entity2 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: The action of glucocorticoids in target tissues is dependent on the local expression of glucocorticoid receptors and two @entity1 dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) enzymes, @entity3 , which interconvert active and inactive glucocorticoids. This study examined expression of the 11beta-HSD enzymes in the male reproductive tract of the adult @entity0 . @entity4 was immunolocalized to the apical region of principal epithelial cells of the caput epididymis, with the less numerous clear cells devoid of signal. Epididymal @entity4 expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis, with immunoreactive species identified at 34 kDa (the expected size for @entity4 ) and at approximately 48 kDa. 11beta-HSD bioactivity was readily detectable in the epididymis, with 11-oxoreductase activity clearly the favored reaction (as observed in liver), consistent with @entity4 expression. The epithelium of the vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and penile urethra were also immunopositive for @entity4 , as were smooth muscle cells of the vas deferens and penile blood vessels. @entity2 was also immunolocalized to the epididymal epithelium, but its distribution was complementary to that of @entity4 (i.e. clear cells showing intense @entity2 staining but principal cells devoid of signal). @entity2 was also present in the corpora cavernosa of the penis but not in other tissues. In conclusion, the differential expression of @entity3 throughout the male reproductive tract suggests that these enzymes locally modulate glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid actions, particularly in the epididymis and penile vasculature.

title: Localization of XXXX dehydrogenase types 1 and 2 in the male reproductive tract.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a rare @entity1 that generally induces a slow progressive @entity3 in affected @entity0 . Radiotherapy (RT) has currently become the first choice to treat @entity4 . In this study our experience in @entity4 treatment with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) is reported. Five @entity0 with diagnosis of orbital @entity4 were treated between April 2007 and December 2009 at the Radiation Oncology department of our institution. All @entity0 underwent history and physical, and ophthalmic examinations. Orbital MRI was performed before and 6 weeks after treatment; thereafter every 6 months for the first 2 years. By previous stereotactic localization of the target, RT was delivered with 28 daily fraction of 1.8 Gy by multiple non coplanar arcs dynamically conformed by a micro multileaf-collimator. At diagnosis, in all 5 @entity0 , visual acuity limitations of different degrees were found, while exophthalmos was present in 2, diplopy in 2, @entity2 in 1, and proptosis in 1. In all @entity0 pre-treatment MRI showed an orbital mass involving the optic nerve. After radiotherapy, previous symptoms improved in all @entity0 . However, after RT the MRI consistently showed a stationary status compared to the MRI before RT. At a median follow up of 26 months (range 9-37) all @entity0 had a subjective and/or objective better visual performance than before RT without any evidence of disease progression. No late side effects were recorded. Accordingly to the current literature, our experience confirms the efficacy and the safety of FSRT in @entity0 with orbital @entity4 .

title: Fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy for orbital XXXX - a single institution experience and a short review of the literature.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The nature and etiology of plasma @entity1 in @entity0 with varying stages of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were assessed. Two distinct lipoprotein patterns were observed. In @entity0 with early and intermediate histologic stages of @entity6 , mild elevations of very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins (LDLs), and marked increases in high density lipoproteins (HDLs) were often noted (group 1). In contrast, @entity0 with @entity4 had marked elevations in LDLs with the presence of lipoprotein-X, and a significant decrease in HDLs (group 2). The lipoprotein pattern in group 1 was characterized by a normal ratio of free @entity2 to total @entity2 , whereas in group 2, this ratio was elevated. In plasma from group 1 @entity0 only spherical micelles were observed on electron microscopy, whereas in plasma from group 2 @entity0 bilayered disks could be seen in LDLs and HDLs. The increase in HDLs observed in group 1 subjects was associated with elevations in @entity8 , whereas in group 2 subjects only very low amounts of @entity9 were observed on analytic ultracentrifugation. Mean plasma @entity3 and C-II concentrations were increased in both groups; but @entity5 and AII values were divergent, with group 1 subjects having elevated values,and group 2 subjects having decreases values. Mean postheparin @entity7 activity was decreased in both groups of @entity0 with @entity6 due to the presence of an inhibitor in @entity6 plasma, while altered @entity2 esterification was only observed in group 2. These data indicate that @entity7 inhibition may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the @entity1 seen in early and intermediate @entity6 , and these abnormalities are then further modified by altered @entity2 esterification in @entity4 .

title: @entity1 in XXXX . Association with @entity7 inhibition as well as altered @entity2 esterification.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The nature and etiology of plasma @entity1 in @entity0 with varying stages of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were assessed. Two distinct lipoprotein patterns were observed. In @entity0 with early and intermediate histologic stages of @entity6 , mild elevations of very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins (LDLs), and marked increases in high density lipoproteins (HDLs) were often noted (group 1). In contrast, @entity0 with @entity4 had marked elevations in LDLs with the presence of lipoprotein-X, and a significant decrease in HDLs (group 2). The lipoprotein pattern in group 1 was characterized by a normal ratio of free @entity2 to total @entity2 , whereas in group 2, this ratio was elevated. In plasma from group 1 @entity0 only spherical micelles were observed on electron microscopy, whereas in plasma from group 2 @entity0 bilayered disks could be seen in LDLs and HDLs. The increase in HDLs observed in group 1 subjects was associated with elevations in @entity8 , whereas in group 2 subjects only very low amounts of @entity9 were observed on analytic ultracentrifugation. Mean plasma @entity3 and C-II concentrations were increased in both groups; but @entity5 and AII values were divergent, with group 1 subjects having elevated values,and group 2 subjects having decreases values. Mean postheparin @entity7 activity was decreased in both groups of @entity0 with @entity6 due to the presence of an inhibitor in @entity6 plasma, while altered @entity2 esterification was only observed in group 2. These data indicate that @entity7 inhibition may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the @entity1 seen in early and intermediate @entity6 , and these abnormalities are then further modified by altered @entity2 esterification in @entity4 .

title: XXXX in @entity6 . Association with @entity7 inhibition as well as altered @entity2 esterification.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The nature and etiology of plasma @entity1 in @entity0 with varying stages of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were assessed. Two distinct lipoprotein patterns were observed. In @entity0 with early and intermediate histologic stages of @entity6 , mild elevations of very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins (LDLs), and marked increases in high density lipoproteins (HDLs) were often noted (group 1). In contrast, @entity0 with @entity4 had marked elevations in LDLs with the presence of lipoprotein-X, and a significant decrease in HDLs (group 2). The lipoprotein pattern in group 1 was characterized by a normal ratio of free @entity2 to total @entity2 , whereas in group 2, this ratio was elevated. In plasma from group 1 @entity0 only spherical micelles were observed on electron microscopy, whereas in plasma from group 2 @entity0 bilayered disks could be seen in LDLs and HDLs. The increase in HDLs observed in group 1 subjects was associated with elevations in @entity8 , whereas in group 2 subjects only very low amounts of @entity9 were observed on analytic ultracentrifugation. Mean plasma @entity3 and C-II concentrations were increased in both groups; but @entity5 and AII values were divergent, with group 1 subjects having elevated values,and group 2 subjects having decreases values. Mean postheparin @entity7 activity was decreased in both groups of @entity0 with @entity6 due to the presence of an inhibitor in @entity6 plasma, while altered @entity2 esterification was only observed in group 2. These data indicate that @entity7 inhibition may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the @entity1 seen in early and intermediate @entity6 , and these abnormalities are then further modified by altered @entity2 esterification in @entity4 .

title: @entity1 in @entity6 . Association with @entity7 inhibition as well as altered XXXX esterification.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The nature and etiology of plasma @entity1 in @entity0 with varying stages of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were assessed. Two distinct lipoprotein patterns were observed. In @entity0 with early and intermediate histologic stages of @entity6 , mild elevations of very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins (LDLs), and marked increases in high density lipoproteins (HDLs) were often noted (group 1). In contrast, @entity0 with @entity4 had marked elevations in LDLs with the presence of lipoprotein-X, and a significant decrease in HDLs (group 2). The lipoprotein pattern in group 1 was characterized by a normal ratio of free @entity2 to total @entity2 , whereas in group 2, this ratio was elevated. In plasma from group 1 @entity0 only spherical micelles were observed on electron microscopy, whereas in plasma from group 2 @entity0 bilayered disks could be seen in LDLs and HDLs. The increase in HDLs observed in group 1 subjects was associated with elevations in @entity8 , whereas in group 2 subjects only very low amounts of @entity9 were observed on analytic ultracentrifugation. Mean plasma @entity3 and C-II concentrations were increased in both groups; but @entity5 and AII values were divergent, with group 1 subjects having elevated values,and group 2 subjects having decreases values. Mean postheparin @entity7 activity was decreased in both groups of @entity0 with @entity6 due to the presence of an inhibitor in @entity6 plasma, while altered @entity2 esterification was only observed in group 2. These data indicate that @entity7 inhibition may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the @entity1 seen in early and intermediate @entity6 , and these abnormalities are then further modified by altered @entity2 esterification in @entity4 .

title: @entity1 in @entity6 . Association with XXXX inhibition as well as altered @entity2 esterification.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of total drainage time on the risk of @entity3 , and the predictive value of standard laboratory examinations for the diagnosis of bacteriologically recorded cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity1 during external ventricular drainage. METHODS: During a three year period, all @entity0 of the neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU), who received an external ventricular drain, were prospectivly studied. Daily CSF samples were obtained and examined for cell count, @entity2 and protein content. Bacteriological cultures were taken three times a week, and serum sepsis parameters were determined. RESULTS: 130 @entity0 received a total of 186 external ventricular drains. The ventricular catheters were in place from one to 25 days (mean 7.1 days). In 1343 days of drainage, the authors recorded 41 positive bacteriological cultures in 21 @entity0 between the first and the 22nd drainage day (mean 6.4). No significant correlation was found between drainage time and positive CSF culture. The only parameter that significantly correlated with the occurrence of a positive CSF culture was the CSF cell count (unpaired t test, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Drainage time is not a significant risk factor for @entity3 . Increasing CSF cell count should lead to the suspicion of bacteriological drainage contamination. Other standard laboratory parameters, such as peripheral leucocyte count, CSF @entity2 , CSF protein, or serum sepsis parameters, are not reliable predictors for @entity3 .

title: Early diagnosis of external ventricular drainage XXXX : results of a prospective study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of surveillance colonoscopy with biopsy for the detection of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) or @entity5 in @entity0 with chronic @entity2 , we undertook a retrospective review of 248 @entity0 who underwent 370 examinations (mean duration of disease 12 yr). High-grade @entity6 or @entity3 was found in 24 examinations in 16 @entity0 , with a mean duration of disease of 16 yr. There were 15 @entity0 with @entity7 . Nine @entity0 had @entity7 alone, 6 had @entity7 and @entity3 , and 1 had @entity3 without @entity7 . The overall incidence of @entity7 was 6%. @entity6 -associated lesions or mass were the most consistent indicators of @entity3 , the combination being present in four instances. Of the 7 @entity0 with @entity1 , 6 were recognized by colonoscopy, and 1 @entity0 with negative @entity4 was discovered using surveillance biopsies. The conclusions of this study are that @entity6 is a reliable histopathologic marker and correlates with the presence of @entity1 in chronic @entity2 ; the absence of @entity6 correlates with the absence of @entity1 . The presence of @entity6 -associated lesions or mass with @entity7 is the strongest indication for operation. This study supports the use of surveillance colonoscopy in managing high-risk @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Surveillance for XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of surveillance colonoscopy with biopsy for the detection of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) or @entity5 in @entity0 with chronic @entity2 , we undertook a retrospective review of 248 @entity0 who underwent 370 examinations (mean duration of disease 12 yr). High-grade @entity6 or @entity3 was found in 24 examinations in 16 @entity0 , with a mean duration of disease of 16 yr. There were 15 @entity0 with @entity7 . Nine @entity0 had @entity7 alone, 6 had @entity7 and @entity3 , and 1 had @entity3 without @entity7 . The overall incidence of @entity7 was 6%. @entity6 -associated lesions or mass were the most consistent indicators of @entity3 , the combination being present in four instances. Of the 7 @entity0 with @entity1 , 6 were recognized by colonoscopy, and 1 @entity0 with negative @entity4 was discovered using surveillance biopsies. The conclusions of this study are that @entity6 is a reliable histopathologic marker and correlates with the presence of @entity1 in chronic @entity2 ; the absence of @entity6 correlates with the absence of @entity1 . The presence of @entity6 -associated lesions or mass with @entity7 is the strongest indication for operation. This study supports the use of surveillance colonoscopy in managing high-risk @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Surveillance for @entity5 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A prospective study of EEG changes following @entity1 myelography was made on 34 @entity0 aged 17-79 years. EEGs were recorded just before and 22-26 hours after myelography. Usually 8-10 ml of @entity1 was injected by either lumbar or lateral cervical puncture. The concentration of @entity1 was relatively high. EEGs were abnormal in 15 out of the 20 @entity0 whose baseline EEGs were normal. EEGs deteriorated in 10 of the 14 @entity0 whose control tracings were abnormal. High voltage delta activity and/or a great deal of theta activity were common abnormalities. Three @entity0 showed triphasic waves. No relationships were found between the EEG changes and clinical variables. But central nervous system involvements by @entity1 tended to be accompanied by a severe EEG slowing.

title: EEG changes 24 hours after myelography with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with acute life threatening diseases, and in their relatives, the ability to make a balanced decision on participation in a clinical trial may be impaired. OBJECTIVES: To assess what relevant information could be recalled by @entity0 who were living independently after a @entity1 , and by their relatives; and to determine how these @entity0 and relatives had reacted to the informed consent encounter. METHODS: Twenty months (range 7 to 31) after treatment for @entity1 , 49 @entity0 and 47 relatives who had participated in one of two randomised trials on medical management were interviewed. The interview consisted of items on: spontaneous recall and knowledge of trial design; understanding of the trial design and the informed consent procedure; the amount and clarity of the information given; and reasons for participating. Finally @entity0 and relatives were asked whether they would participate again in similar circumstances. RESULTS: One third of the @entity0 recalled having participated in a clinical trial. Thirteen per cent of the @entity0 and 20% of the relatives felt that the information supplied had not been sufficient. Nine per cent of the @entity0 and half the relatives had read the written information. None of the @entity0 and one relative thought that participation had been obligatory. Twenty eight per cent of the @entity0 and 94% of the relatives felt in retrospect that they had been capable of making an adequate decision. Virtually all @entity0 and relatives would participate again in similar circumstances. CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity0 and their relatives have little recall of the informed consent procedure and the essentials of acute @entity1 trials. However, most were satisfied with the overall procedure and would participate again.

title: Informed consent in trials for neurological emergencies: the example of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Amblyopia is characterised by @entity2 and motion perception. While the @entity1 are thought to result from deficient processing at both low and higher level stages of visual processing, the @entity1 appear to result primarily from deficits involving higher level processing. Specifically, it has been argued that the motion deficit in @entity4 occurs when local motion information is pooled spatially and that this process is abnormally susceptible to the presence of noise elements in the stimulus. Here we investigated motion direction discrimination for abruptly presented two-frame Gabor stimuli in a group of five strabismic amblyopes and five control observers. Motion direction discrimination for this stimulus is inherently noisy and relies on the signal/noise processing of motion detectors. We varied viewing condition (monocular vs. binocular), stimulus size (5.3-18.5  ) and stimulus contrast (high vs. low) in order to assess the effects of binocular summation, spatial summation and contrast on task performance. No differences were found for the high contrast stimuli; however the low contrast stimuli revealed differences between the control and amblyopic groups and between fellow fixing and amblyopic eyes. Control @entity0 exhibited pronounced binocular summation for this task (on average a factor of 3.7), whereas amblyopes showed no such effect. In addition, the spatial summation that occurred for control eyes and the fellow eye of amblyopes was significantly attenuated for the @entity3 . Our results support the hypothesis that pooling of local motion information from amblyopic eyes is abnormal and highly sensitive to noise.

title: Impaired spatial and binocular summation for motion direction discrimination in strabismic XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity10 1 is the most common @entity2 . Neurologic manifestations are mainly represented by @entity1 such as @entity11 , focal areas of high T2-weighted signal known as unidentified bright objects, and @entity7 or @entity9 . The prevalence of @entity5 has been reported to range from 3.8 to 6%. In the present study, we evaluated prevalence, type, and etiology of @entity4 in a @entity10 1 population. A retrospective analysis of 198 @entity0 affected by @entity10 1 was performed. Fourteen @entity0 (7%) were found to be @entity4 . Every @entity0 underwent electroencephalographic examination and neuroimaging investigations. Thirteen were submitted to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study and one to computed tomographic (CT) scanning. Single-photon emission computed tomographic and positron emission tomographic studies were performed in a few selected cases. @entity5 were partial in 12 of these (85%) and generalized in 2 (15%). In nine (64%), @entity4 was secondary to @entity3 : five of these had @entity1 (three with @entity4 as the fist symptom), three had cortical @entity6 , and one had @entity8 . @entity5 were controlled rapidly in eight (57%) and drug resistant in four (29%). Two @entity0 were lost at follow-up. All @entity0 with uncontrolled @entity5 had severe @entity7 , and three of these had @entity12 . Our observations and our re-evaluation of the literature indicate that @entity0 with @entity10 1 have an increased risk of @entity4 related to intracranial masses and @entity5 can represent the first symptom of a @entity1 or cortical @entity6 . Brain MRI and, in selected cases, functional studies appear to be useful in @entity0 with @entity10 1 who present with @entity5 , especially if associated with @entity7 .

title: XXXX in @entity10 1.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity10 1 is the most common @entity2 . Neurologic manifestations are mainly represented by @entity1 such as @entity11 , focal areas of high T2-weighted signal known as unidentified bright objects, and @entity7 or @entity9 . The prevalence of @entity5 has been reported to range from 3.8 to 6%. In the present study, we evaluated prevalence, type, and etiology of @entity4 in a @entity10 1 population. A retrospective analysis of 198 @entity0 affected by @entity10 1 was performed. Fourteen @entity0 (7%) were found to be @entity4 . Every @entity0 underwent electroencephalographic examination and neuroimaging investigations. Thirteen were submitted to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study and one to computed tomographic (CT) scanning. Single-photon emission computed tomographic and positron emission tomographic studies were performed in a few selected cases. @entity5 were partial in 12 of these (85%) and generalized in 2 (15%). In nine (64%), @entity4 was secondary to @entity3 : five of these had @entity1 (three with @entity4 as the fist symptom), three had cortical @entity6 , and one had @entity8 . @entity5 were controlled rapidly in eight (57%) and drug resistant in four (29%). Two @entity0 were lost at follow-up. All @entity0 with uncontrolled @entity5 had severe @entity7 , and three of these had @entity12 . Our observations and our re-evaluation of the literature indicate that @entity0 with @entity10 1 have an increased risk of @entity4 related to intracranial masses and @entity5 can represent the first symptom of a @entity1 or cortical @entity6 . Brain MRI and, in selected cases, functional studies appear to be useful in @entity0 with @entity10 1 who present with @entity5 , especially if associated with @entity7 .

title: @entity4 in XXXX 1.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Translocation of bacteria and endotoxtin has long been documented in @entity3 , and altered intestinal barrier function is considered to be one of the important mechanisms for this phenomenon. The regulation of gastrointestinal mucosal response to injury is thus of important clinical as well as biological relevance. Integrins play a critical role in enterocyte migration, which is essential to @entity0 . This study is designed to evaluate the integrins status in @entity3 . Male @entity1 (N = 37) were randomized to three groups. Group 1 (N = 12) underwent common bile duct ligation (CBDL), group 2 (N = 12) underwent common bile duct ligation with oral @entity2 administration (CBDL + G), and group 3 (N = 13) underwent a sham operation (sham control). After seven days, segments of proximal jejunum and distal ileum were harvested, and cell surface immunohistochemical expression of LFA-1alpha and VLA-6 were evaluated and recorded. The staining intensities were graded on a scale of 0-4. Comparisons among the three groups were performed. There was no significant difference in VLA-6 staining on small intestine among the three groups (P > 0.05). There was also no significant difference in LFA-1alpha staining the on jejunum between group 1 (CBDL) and group 3 (sham control) (P > 0.05). However, the LFA-1alpha staining on the ileum in group 1 (CBDL) significantly decreased when compared with group 3 (sham control) (P = 0.008). With oral @entity2 administration (0.2 g/kg body weight, once daily), LFA-1alpha staining on the ileum was significantly restored in group 2 (CBDL + G). In conclusion, @entity3 for one week down-regulates LFA-1alpha expression on @entity1 ileum. With oral @entity2 administration, such down-regulation of LFA-1alpha expression on @entity1 ileum can be restored. Such a phenomenon is intriguing and deserves further evaluation and elucidation.

title: XXXX alters LFA-1alpha expression in @entity1 small intestine.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Translocation of bacteria and endotoxtin has long been documented in @entity3 , and altered intestinal barrier function is considered to be one of the important mechanisms for this phenomenon. The regulation of gastrointestinal mucosal response to injury is thus of important clinical as well as biological relevance. Integrins play a critical role in enterocyte migration, which is essential to @entity0 . This study is designed to evaluate the integrins status in @entity3 . Male @entity1 (N = 37) were randomized to three groups. Group 1 (N = 12) underwent common bile duct ligation (CBDL), group 2 (N = 12) underwent common bile duct ligation with oral @entity2 administration (CBDL + G), and group 3 (N = 13) underwent a sham operation (sham control). After seven days, segments of proximal jejunum and distal ileum were harvested, and cell surface immunohistochemical expression of LFA-1alpha and VLA-6 were evaluated and recorded. The staining intensities were graded on a scale of 0-4. Comparisons among the three groups were performed. There was no significant difference in VLA-6 staining on small intestine among the three groups (P > 0.05). There was also no significant difference in LFA-1alpha staining the on jejunum between group 1 (CBDL) and group 3 (sham control) (P > 0.05). However, the LFA-1alpha staining on the ileum in group 1 (CBDL) significantly decreased when compared with group 3 (sham control) (P = 0.008). With oral @entity2 administration (0.2 g/kg body weight, once daily), LFA-1alpha staining on the ileum was significantly restored in group 2 (CBDL + G). In conclusion, @entity3 for one week down-regulates LFA-1alpha expression on @entity1 ileum. With oral @entity2 administration, such down-regulation of LFA-1alpha expression on @entity1 ileum can be restored. Such a phenomenon is intriguing and deserves further evaluation and elucidation.

title: @entity3 alters LFA-1alpha expression in XXXX small intestine.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Cumulative evidence has suggested investigation of the efficacy of Replication-Competent Adenovirus-mediated Suicide Gene Therapy in newly-diagnosed @entity2 (ReCAP). There is a challenge in designing an efficacy trial for newly-diagnosed @entity2 given its long natural history. The regulatory agency recommended a Phase II trial for safety before conducting the efficacy trial. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The ReCAP trial is an adaptive seamless, multi-site open-label, randomized Phase II/III trial. Two hundred eighty @entity0 will be randomized to receive either replication-competent adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy followed by radiation ( @entity4 ) or radiation alone ( @entity3 ). Phase II trial component will include the first 21 @entity0 in @entity4 with complete @entity1 through day 90 for safety evaluation. The primary efficacy endpoint is the time free from biochemical and/or clinical failure (FFF). The secondary efficacy endpoints are 2-year prostate biopsies and overall survival. Unequal spaced interim looks are proposed with the adaptive sample-size re-estimation. RESULTS: This trial has been approved by the FDA for the study therapy investigation and is currently recruiting @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Challenges remain in designing newly-diagnosed @entity2 trials. Adaptive seamless design is time-saving and a cost-effective design in the development of novel medical therapies, but requires a specified statistical plan in the decision process involved.

title: Adaptive seamless design for an efficacy trial of replication-competent adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy and radiation in newly-diagnosed XXXX (ReCAP Trial).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Culture and ethnicity have been suggested to influence the presentation of @entity0 with @entity1 . These factors are thought to affect the diagnoses, courses of treatment, and medical utilization patterns of @entity0 with @entity1 . Specifically, the differences between whites, African Americans, and Mexican Americans are of particular importance, as these groups comprise the majority of the population in the United States today. The traditional course of treatment for many @entity0 with @entity1 is the drug @entity5 . However, research has shown that some ethnic groups (African Americans and Mexican Americans) may respond better to atypical drugs, such as @entity4 , but may be less likely to receive these drugs. A better response to the course of treatment results in improved medical utilization patterns. The purpose of this study was to examine if ethnicity helped predict whether Texas Medicaid @entity0 were prescribed @entity5 versus @entity4 when other factors were controlled for. METHOD: The study population consisted of 726 @entity0 whose index drug was @entity5 and 1875 @entity0 whose index drug was @entity4 . @entity0 had an ICD-9-CM diagnosis of @entity1 or @entity2 . Texas medical and prescription claims data were used in a logistic regression analysis to determine significant predictors of the type of antipsychotic ( @entity5 vs. @entity4 ) @entity0 were prescribed. Variables included in the analysis were ethnicity, gender, age, region, other @entity3 , and previous utilization of medications and resources. Data were collected from Jan. 1, 1996, to Aug. 31, 1998. RESULTS: The results show that when other demographic and utilization factors were controlled for, African Americans were less likely than whites to receive @entity4 rather than @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Ethnicity is a significant predictor of the type of antipsychotic that is prescribed.

title: Ethnic differences in use of antipsychotic medication among Texas medicaid clients with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Selective @entity3 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-induced ejaculatory delay is a common problem that has no treatment with established efficacy. @entity4 is effective for @entity2 and appears to be safe at doses up to 200 mg. METHOD: We enrolled @entity0 who were in remission from @entity1 according to DSM-IV criteria and who reported that they had developed new-onset ejaculatory delay in the setting of SSRI treatment. Enrolled @entity0 were instructed to use 25 mg of @entity4 1 hour prior to sexual activity on at least 2 occasions. If this was not effective for the ejaculatory delay, they were instructed to increase the dose progressively up to a maximum of 200 mg. We compared baseline sexual functioning to 2 phases of open treatment: low-dose phase ( @entity4 25-100 mg) and high-dose phase ( @entity4 150-200 mg). The primary outcome measure was a modified, self-report Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale that was specific for erectile (CGI-EF) and ejaculatory (CGI-EJF) aspects of sexual function. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity0 (mean age = 56 years) with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in remission and SSRI-associated ejaculatory delay enrolled in the study and received @entity4 . At baseline, 14 of 21(67%) had comorbid @entity2 . At the low-dose phase follow-up assessment, 12 of 14 achieved full @entity2 remission, and 4 of 21 achieved ejaculatory delay remission. Sixteen @entity0 with persistent ejaculatory delay were eligible for the high-dose phase: 5 withdrew from the study, 4 increased to a maximum dose of 150 mg, and 6 increased to a maximum dose of 200 mg. The 1 @entity0 who had clinically significant @entity2 and ejaculatory delay reported improvement of both conditions after the high-dose phase. Of the 10 @entity0 who had ejaculatory delay without significant @entity2 and who chose to take high-dose @entity4 , 9 reported a significant clinical improvement in ejaculatory delay (CGI-EJF improvement score of 1 or 2) and 7 achieved full remission (CGI-EJF severity score of 1 or 2 and CGI-EJF improvement score of 1 or 2). CONCLUSION: In this open clinical trial with @entity0 who had SSRI-induced ejaculatory delay, high-dose @entity4 appeared to be effective in reducing ejaculatory latency.

title: High-dose XXXX for selective @entity3 reuptake inhibitor-associated ejaculatory delay: open clinical trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Selective @entity3 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-induced ejaculatory delay is a common problem that has no treatment with established efficacy. @entity4 is effective for @entity2 and appears to be safe at doses up to 200 mg. METHOD: We enrolled @entity0 who were in remission from @entity1 according to DSM-IV criteria and who reported that they had developed new-onset ejaculatory delay in the setting of SSRI treatment. Enrolled @entity0 were instructed to use 25 mg of @entity4 1 hour prior to sexual activity on at least 2 occasions. If this was not effective for the ejaculatory delay, they were instructed to increase the dose progressively up to a maximum of 200 mg. We compared baseline sexual functioning to 2 phases of open treatment: low-dose phase ( @entity4 25-100 mg) and high-dose phase ( @entity4 150-200 mg). The primary outcome measure was a modified, self-report Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale that was specific for erectile (CGI-EF) and ejaculatory (CGI-EJF) aspects of sexual function. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity0 (mean age = 56 years) with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in remission and SSRI-associated ejaculatory delay enrolled in the study and received @entity4 . At baseline, 14 of 21(67%) had comorbid @entity2 . At the low-dose phase follow-up assessment, 12 of 14 achieved full @entity2 remission, and 4 of 21 achieved ejaculatory delay remission. Sixteen @entity0 with persistent ejaculatory delay were eligible for the high-dose phase: 5 withdrew from the study, 4 increased to a maximum dose of 150 mg, and 6 increased to a maximum dose of 200 mg. The 1 @entity0 who had clinically significant @entity2 and ejaculatory delay reported improvement of both conditions after the high-dose phase. Of the 10 @entity0 who had ejaculatory delay without significant @entity2 and who chose to take high-dose @entity4 , 9 reported a significant clinical improvement in ejaculatory delay (CGI-EJF improvement score of 1 or 2) and 7 achieved full remission (CGI-EJF severity score of 1 or 2 and CGI-EJF improvement score of 1 or 2). CONCLUSION: In this open clinical trial with @entity0 who had SSRI-induced ejaculatory delay, high-dose @entity4 appeared to be effective in reducing ejaculatory latency.

title: High-dose @entity4 for selective XXXX reuptake inhibitor-associated ejaculatory delay: open clinical trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome and predictors of @entity0 with @entity1 20 years later. METHOD: The @entity0 , aged 15-39 years, with diagnosis of @entity1 and first admitted to a national mental hospital in Singapore in 1975 were included. In 1980, 1985, 1990 and 1995, their hospital records were examined and the @entity0 were interviewed to determine their working and treatment status. Possible predictors of good outcome and suicide data were determined. RESULTS: A total of 402 @entity0 were included. Over 20 years, there was lower percentage of @entity0 working full time and proportionately more @entity0 were receiving out- @entity0 treatment. Overall, about two-third of the @entity0 had a good/fair outcome. Shorter illness duration before admission was significantly associated with a good outcome. The suicide rate was the highest in the first 10 years. CONCLUSION: Most @entity0 with @entity1 had a good/fair outcome at 20 years.

title: A 20-year follow-up study on XXXX in Singapore.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To locate preoperatively continent @entity0 with @entity3 at risk of developing @entity1 after surgery by means of reducing the prolapse preoperatively with a speculum and a pessary. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Northern Alvborgs County Hospital, Varbergs Hospital, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden, between 2000 and 2004. POPULATION: @entity0 scheduled for anterior wall repair with no history of @entity1 . METHODS: Data were collected using a questionnaire, a voiding diary, a gynecological examination including staging of prolapse with the Pelvic Organ Quantification System and clinical testing preoperatively and one year after vaginal repair. The first test included a cough test while the prolapse was reduced with a speculum. The second test was performed with the @entity0 undergoing a standardized quantification test and a 48-hour pad test after reducing the prolapse with a pessary. Postoperatively, clinical testing was repeated one year after surgery without any device in place. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reported symptoms of leakage during movement or coughing. RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity0 were included. Before surgery, six (8.1%) @entity0 tested positive during the speculum test and seven (9.5%) during the pessary test. Eight @entity0 (10.8%) were found to have subjective @entity2 after 1 year. This was only confirmed in four @entity0 during stress testing. The positive predictive values for subjective @entity2 of the speculum and the pessary tests were 42.9% (95%CI 12.0-76.9) and 33.3% (95%CI -4.4 to +71.5), respectively. The negative predictive values of the tests were 92.5% (95%CI 90.3-1.00) and 91.1% (95%CI 88.5-99.7). CONCLUSIONS: The tested preoperative methods predicting de novo subjective @entity2 after anterior wall repair did not show sufficient positive predictive values to be clinically useful.

title: Can de novo XXXX after anterior wall repair be predicted?

answer: @entity2


abstract: WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT:     The cholinergic system is important for different central nervous system functions, including memory, learning and attention. @entity4 , a centrally active muscarinic antagonist, has been used to model @entity1 and to demonstrate the pharmacological effects of cholinergic drugs, but for most effects the concentration-effect relationships are unknown. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:     We determined the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of @entity4 using a multidimensional central nervous system test battery in a large group of healthy volunteers. The results suggested there are various functional cholinergic systems with different pharmacological characteristics, which can be used to study the effects of drugs that directly or indirectly modify cholinergic systems. The design of such studies should take the different concentration-effect relationships into account. AIM(S) Although @entity4 is a frequently used @entity3 model, the relationships between exposure and corresponding central nervous system (CNS) effects are mostly unknown. The aim of our study was to characterize these using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK- @entity2 ) modelling. METHODS: In two double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-way crossover studies, 0.5-mg @entity4 was administered i.v. to 90 healthy male subjects. PK and @entity2 /safety measures were monitored pre-dose and up to 8.5 h after administration. PK- @entity2 relationships were modelled using non-linear mixed-effect modelling. RESULTS: Most @entity2 responses following @entity4 administration in 85 subjects differed significantly from placebo. As @entity2 measures lagged behind the plasma PK profile, PK- @entity2 relationships were modelled using an effect compartment and arbitrarily categorized according to their equilibration half-lives (t(1/2) k(eo) ; hysteresis measure). t(1/2) k(eo) for heart rate was 17 min, saccadic eye movements and adaptive tracking 1-1.5 h, body sway, smooth pursuit, visual analogue scales alertness and psychedelic 2.5-3.5 h, pupil size, finger tapping and visual analogue scales feeling high more than 8 h. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 affected different CNS functions in a concentration-dependent manner, which based on their distinct PK- @entity2 characteristics seemed to reflect multiple distinct functional pathways of the cholinergic system. All @entity2 effects showed considerable albeit variable delays compared with plasma concentrations. The t(1/2) k(eo) of the central effects was longer than of the peripheral effects on heart rate, which at least partly reflects the long CNS retention of @entity4 , but possibly also the triggering of independent secondary mechanisms. PK- @entity2 analysis can optimize @entity4 administration regimens for future research and give insight into the physiology and pharmacology of @entity0 cholinergic systems.

title: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of central nervous system effects of XXXX in healthy subjects.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the characteristic clinical and imaging findings of pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction caused by @entity1 ( @entity1 ), as it presents particular features within the spectrum of congenital @entity7 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Between April 1982 and December 2000, 384 @entity0 underwent surgery for PUJ obstruction. In 71 (18.5%; mean age 8.5 years, range 2 months to 14 years; 49 aged> 5 years), the obstruction was caused by @entity1 . The data collected from the medical records of these @entity0 were analysed for their clinical presentation and imaging findings, i.e. ultrasonography (US), intravenous urography (IVU) and diuretic renography. RESULTS: The main presenting symptom was recurrent renal colic ( @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity5 ) in 59%, followed by @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in 20%, gross haematuria in 11% and an incidental diagnosis in 10%. By contrast, in the 313 @entity0 with @entity8 was present in only 10.5%. Moreover, from 1991 to 2000, when the use of prenatal US became widespread, @entity7 was detected prenatally in 42 of 212 @entity0 (20%) with @entity8 , but in only two of 31 (6%) with obstruction by @entity1 . However, in 10 @entity0 with @entity1 operated on during this period, prenatal US had shown mild @entity7 (< 15 mm), which during the follow-up decreased until the @entity0 became symptomatic after 5-9 years (eight renal colic, two @entity3 ). US during acute symptoms showed significant @entity7 (> 25 mm), and colour Doppler US of two @entity0 directly showed the @entity1 . In all 71 @entity0 with @entity1 and renography during the acute symptoms had an obstructive pattern, and in 24 renal colic was reproduced during the examination. The differential kidney function was < 40% in 11 @entity0 who presented with @entity3 ; two required nephrectomy and in the remaining 69 an Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty, after which none had an episode of renal colic or @entity3 during a mean (range) follow-up of 10.2 (2-20) years. CONCLUSIONS: PUJ obstruction by @entity1 should be suspected in older @entity0 presenting with recurrent renal colic and @entity7 . Good kidney function is expected in most of these @entity0 , despite their age, because the @entity6 is intermittent. Mild prenatal @entity7 that could decrease postnatally does not exclude the possibility of @entity6 , which may later become symptomatic. Imaging (US, diuretic IVU and renography) during an episode of @entity2 is essential and colour Doppler US could help to establish the diagnosis in these cases. Knowing that a @entity0 has a @entity1 is important for choosing an open surgical approach rather than endoscopic pyelotomy, to avoid potential complications

title: @entity8 by XXXX : clinical and imaging features.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the characteristic clinical and imaging findings of pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction caused by @entity1 ( @entity1 ), as it presents particular features within the spectrum of congenital @entity7 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Between April 1982 and December 2000, 384 @entity0 underwent surgery for PUJ obstruction. In 71 (18.5%; mean age 8.5 years, range 2 months to 14 years; 49 aged> 5 years), the obstruction was caused by @entity1 . The data collected from the medical records of these @entity0 were analysed for their clinical presentation and imaging findings, i.e. ultrasonography (US), intravenous urography (IVU) and diuretic renography. RESULTS: The main presenting symptom was recurrent renal colic ( @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity5 ) in 59%, followed by @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in 20%, gross haematuria in 11% and an incidental diagnosis in 10%. By contrast, in the 313 @entity0 with @entity8 was present in only 10.5%. Moreover, from 1991 to 2000, when the use of prenatal US became widespread, @entity7 was detected prenatally in 42 of 212 @entity0 (20%) with @entity8 , but in only two of 31 (6%) with obstruction by @entity1 . However, in 10 @entity0 with @entity1 operated on during this period, prenatal US had shown mild @entity7 (< 15 mm), which during the follow-up decreased until the @entity0 became symptomatic after 5-9 years (eight renal colic, two @entity3 ). US during acute symptoms showed significant @entity7 (> 25 mm), and colour Doppler US of two @entity0 directly showed the @entity1 . In all 71 @entity0 with @entity1 and renography during the acute symptoms had an obstructive pattern, and in 24 renal colic was reproduced during the examination. The differential kidney function was < 40% in 11 @entity0 who presented with @entity3 ; two required nephrectomy and in the remaining 69 an Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty, after which none had an episode of renal colic or @entity3 during a mean (range) follow-up of 10.2 (2-20) years. CONCLUSIONS: PUJ obstruction by @entity1 should be suspected in older @entity0 presenting with recurrent renal colic and @entity7 . Good kidney function is expected in most of these @entity0 , despite their age, because the @entity6 is intermittent. Mild prenatal @entity7 that could decrease postnatally does not exclude the possibility of @entity6 , which may later become symptomatic. Imaging (US, diuretic IVU and renography) during an episode of @entity2 is essential and colour Doppler US could help to establish the diagnosis in these cases. Knowing that a @entity0 has a @entity1 is important for choosing an open surgical approach rather than endoscopic pyelotomy, to avoid potential complications

title: XXXX by @entity1 : clinical and imaging features.

answer: @entity8


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a reliable, noninvasive imaging method that is useful in the evaluation of cardiovascular @entity6 . We conducted a retrospective study of all the echocardiograms from @entity0 in the postoperative care unit to assess the role of TTE in @entity6 identification in the left ventricle. METHODS: This retrospective database evaluation included all echocardiograms during a 14-month period. The echocardiographic examination protocol included the subcostal four-chamber view, the apical four-chamber view, the apical two-chamber view and the parasternal view, along the long and short axes in both spontaneously and mechanically ventilated @entity0 . All echocardiograms were obtained within the 48 hours immediately following surgery. RESULTS: In total, 160 postoperative echocardiograms were obtained from 160 @entity0 and resulted in the detection of five cases of @entity6 . Subgroup analysis showed that 21 and 35 of the 160 @entity0 examined had either dilated or @entity3 , respectively. In these @entity0 , preoperative echocardiograms had been obtained recently prior to surgery and were negative for @entity7 . In three of 35 @entity0 with @entity3 and two of 21 @entity0 with @entity5 , @entity6 was identified in the left ventricle. The thrombi were mobile, uncalcified and pedunculated and were located in the apex of the left ventricle. In addition, no clinical consequences of the left ventricular thrombi were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Low-flow conditions in @entity4 due to @entity2 or @entity5 in conjunction with the @entity1 caused by perioperative prothrombotic factors may lead to thrombotic events in the left ventricle.

title: Transthoracic echocardiography for the diagnosis of XXXX in the postoperative care unit.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity0 exercise with the support of family members maximizes mobility and improves muscle strength in the nonparetic lower limb after @entity1 . DESIGN: Comparison of improvement at 2 wk between conventional exercise sessions and a program also including the participation of family members. Subjects were 60 @entity0 rendered nonambulatory by severe @entity2 from their first @entity1 . Of these, 42 had family members participating in their therapy. Lower limb strength was measured on the nonparetic side using an isokinetic machine. Mobility status was assessed using the Rivermead Mobility Index. @entity0 were evaluated at the first inpatient gym session and again at 1 and 2 wk. RESULTS: At the first evaluation, lower limb strength and the Rivermead Mobility Index score did not differ between the two groups. Reevaluations were conducted at 1 and 2 wk after the first evaluation. @entity0 ' strength and mobility improved more when family members participated. CONCLUSION: Family participation is an important contributor to @entity1 rehabilitation.

title: Mobility and muscle strength contralateral to hemiplegia from XXXX : benefit from self-training with family support.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of @entity3 , a @entity9 ( @entity9 ) inhibitor, on the cell proliferation and @entity7 expression of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) modulated by @entity8 ( @entity4 ) and to investigate the intracellular signal transduction mechanisms of @entity4 in CFs. METHODS: The cultured CFs of neonatal @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: @entity4 group (10(-7) mol/L @entity4 was added into the culture), @entity3 group (10(-6) mol/L @entity3 and 10(-7) mol/L @entity4 were added into the culture), and control group. @entity2 assay was used to evaluate the cell proliferation. The cultured cells were collected and @entity5 was used to label the DNA so as to identify the cell cycle. Specific @entity0 -versus- @entity1 @entity7 protein monoclonal antibody and @entity6 -labeled secondary antibody were added into the cell suspension to label the @entity7 protein in the cells. Flow cytometry was used to determine the distribution of cell cycles and @entity7 expression. RESULTS: (1). The A value of CFs measured by @entity2 assay in @entity4 + @entity3 group was 0.32 +/- 0.01, significantly lower than that of the @entity4 group (0.39 +/- 0.01, P < 0.01). (2). The percentage of CFs in S stage was 4.4% +/- 1.7% in the @entity4 + @entity3 group, lower than those of the @entity4 group (15.5% +/- 1.4%, P < 0.01) and control group (7.5% +/- 1.0%). The PI of CFs was 20.9% +/- 1.2% in the @entity4 + @entity3 group, significantly lower than that of the @entity4 group (31.4% +/- 1.5%, P < 0.01). The PI of the @entity4 group was significantly lower than that of the control group (26.0% +/- 1.0%, P < 0.01). The percentage of CFs in G(0)/G(1) stage was 79.1% +/- 1.2% in the @entity4 + 1 @entity3 group, significantly higher than that in the @entity4 group (68.6% +/- 1.5%, P < 0.01). The percentage of CFs in G(0)/G(1) stage in the @entity4 group was significantly lower than that in the control group (74.0% +/- 1.0%, P < 0.01) too. (3). The expression rate of @entity7 protein was 91.7% +/- 2.2% in the @entity4 + @entity3 group, significantly higher than that in the @entity4 group (63.3% +/- 1.9%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity9 inhibitor remarkably reverses the CFs proliferation and @entity7 downregulation induced by @entity4 . It may be involved in the intracellular signal transduction pathway of @entity4 in CFs.

title: [Effects of XXXX on cell proliferation and @entity7 expression of cardiac fibroblasts modulated by @entity8 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of @entity3 , a @entity9 ( @entity9 ) inhibitor, on the cell proliferation and @entity7 expression of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) modulated by @entity8 ( @entity4 ) and to investigate the intracellular signal transduction mechanisms of @entity4 in CFs. METHODS: The cultured CFs of neonatal @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: @entity4 group (10(-7) mol/L @entity4 was added into the culture), @entity3 group (10(-6) mol/L @entity3 and 10(-7) mol/L @entity4 were added into the culture), and control group. @entity2 assay was used to evaluate the cell proliferation. The cultured cells were collected and @entity5 was used to label the DNA so as to identify the cell cycle. Specific @entity0 -versus- @entity1 @entity7 protein monoclonal antibody and @entity6 -labeled secondary antibody were added into the cell suspension to label the @entity7 protein in the cells. Flow cytometry was used to determine the distribution of cell cycles and @entity7 expression. RESULTS: (1). The A value of CFs measured by @entity2 assay in @entity4 + @entity3 group was 0.32 +/- 0.01, significantly lower than that of the @entity4 group (0.39 +/- 0.01, P < 0.01). (2). The percentage of CFs in S stage was 4.4% +/- 1.7% in the @entity4 + @entity3 group, lower than those of the @entity4 group (15.5% +/- 1.4%, P < 0.01) and control group (7.5% +/- 1.0%). The PI of CFs was 20.9% +/- 1.2% in the @entity4 + @entity3 group, significantly lower than that of the @entity4 group (31.4% +/- 1.5%, P < 0.01). The PI of the @entity4 group was significantly lower than that of the control group (26.0% +/- 1.0%, P < 0.01). The percentage of CFs in G(0)/G(1) stage was 79.1% +/- 1.2% in the @entity4 + 1 @entity3 group, significantly higher than that in the @entity4 group (68.6% +/- 1.5%, P < 0.01). The percentage of CFs in G(0)/G(1) stage in the @entity4 group was significantly lower than that in the control group (74.0% +/- 1.0%, P < 0.01) too. (3). The expression rate of @entity7 protein was 91.7% +/- 2.2% in the @entity4 + @entity3 group, significantly higher than that in the @entity4 group (63.3% +/- 1.9%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity9 inhibitor remarkably reverses the CFs proliferation and @entity7 downregulation induced by @entity4 . It may be involved in the intracellular signal transduction pathway of @entity4 in CFs.

title: [Effects of @entity3 on cell proliferation and XXXX expression of cardiac fibroblasts modulated by @entity8 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of @entity3 , a @entity9 ( @entity9 ) inhibitor, on the cell proliferation and @entity7 expression of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) modulated by @entity8 ( @entity4 ) and to investigate the intracellular signal transduction mechanisms of @entity4 in CFs. METHODS: The cultured CFs of neonatal @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: @entity4 group (10(-7) mol/L @entity4 was added into the culture), @entity3 group (10(-6) mol/L @entity3 and 10(-7) mol/L @entity4 were added into the culture), and control group. @entity2 assay was used to evaluate the cell proliferation. The cultured cells were collected and @entity5 was used to label the DNA so as to identify the cell cycle. Specific @entity0 -versus- @entity1 @entity7 protein monoclonal antibody and @entity6 -labeled secondary antibody were added into the cell suspension to label the @entity7 protein in the cells. Flow cytometry was used to determine the distribution of cell cycles and @entity7 expression. RESULTS: (1). The A value of CFs measured by @entity2 assay in @entity4 + @entity3 group was 0.32 +/- 0.01, significantly lower than that of the @entity4 group (0.39 +/- 0.01, P < 0.01). (2). The percentage of CFs in S stage was 4.4% +/- 1.7% in the @entity4 + @entity3 group, lower than those of the @entity4 group (15.5% +/- 1.4%, P < 0.01) and control group (7.5% +/- 1.0%). The PI of CFs was 20.9% +/- 1.2% in the @entity4 + @entity3 group, significantly lower than that of the @entity4 group (31.4% +/- 1.5%, P < 0.01). The PI of the @entity4 group was significantly lower than that of the control group (26.0% +/- 1.0%, P < 0.01). The percentage of CFs in G(0)/G(1) stage was 79.1% +/- 1.2% in the @entity4 + 1 @entity3 group, significantly higher than that in the @entity4 group (68.6% +/- 1.5%, P < 0.01). The percentage of CFs in G(0)/G(1) stage in the @entity4 group was significantly lower than that in the control group (74.0% +/- 1.0%, P < 0.01) too. (3). The expression rate of @entity7 protein was 91.7% +/- 2.2% in the @entity4 + @entity3 group, significantly higher than that in the @entity4 group (63.3% +/- 1.9%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity9 inhibitor remarkably reverses the CFs proliferation and @entity7 downregulation induced by @entity4 . It may be involved in the intracellular signal transduction pathway of @entity4 in CFs.

title: [Effects of @entity3 on cell proliferation and @entity7 expression of cardiac fibroblasts modulated by XXXX ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify swallowing frequency and @entity1 and normal structure displacements during @entity4 using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to determine planning target volume ( @entity3 ) margins to account for resting and @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-two @entity0 with @entity2 were imaged in the treatment position using dynamic MRI. Sagittal images were acquired. Two-dimensional displacement was analyzed using contours of normal structures and GTV drawn for one swallowing event. Deglutition-induced displacements were quantified based on position change during @entity4 relative to preswallow structure location for anterior (A), posterior (P), superior (S), and inferior (I) directions. Additional long-time MRI series were obtained from a subset of 11 @entity0 while they were resting in order to determine swallowing frequency and duration. @entity3 margins to account for setup error, frequency and duration of @entity4 , and resting and @entity4 -induced GTV motion were calculated. RESULTS: Mean maximum resting displacements ranged from 1.5 to 3.1 mm for combined GTV subsites. Mean maximum swallowing GTV displacement for combined subsites ranged from 4.0 to 11.6 mm. Swallowing was nonperiodic, with a frequency ranging from 0 to 19 swallows over 12.8 min and mean swallow duration of 3.5 s. Based on the average swallowing characteristics in this cohort, the average @entity3 margins to account for setup error and @entity1 motion are estimated to be 4.7 mm anteriorly, 4.2 mm posteriorly, 4.7 mm inferiorly, and 6.0 mm superiorly. CONCLUSIONS: The measurable mean maximum resting displacement for the GTV indicates that @entity1 motion occurs even when the @entity0 is not swallowing. Nonuniform margins should be used as a standard @entity3 margin that accounts for setup error and @entity1 motion in radiotherapy of @entity2 unless adaptive radiotherapy with respect to intrafraction @entity1 motion is performed. The @entity3 margin can be individualized to a single @entity0 's swallowing characteristics or calculated as an average based on the swallowing data from the cohort.

title: Dynamic MRI analysis of @entity1 and organ motion during rest and XXXX and margin assessment for radiotherapy of @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify swallowing frequency and @entity1 and normal structure displacements during @entity4 using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to determine planning target volume ( @entity3 ) margins to account for resting and @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-two @entity0 with @entity2 were imaged in the treatment position using dynamic MRI. Sagittal images were acquired. Two-dimensional displacement was analyzed using contours of normal structures and GTV drawn for one swallowing event. Deglutition-induced displacements were quantified based on position change during @entity4 relative to preswallow structure location for anterior (A), posterior (P), superior (S), and inferior (I) directions. Additional long-time MRI series were obtained from a subset of 11 @entity0 while they were resting in order to determine swallowing frequency and duration. @entity3 margins to account for setup error, frequency and duration of @entity4 , and resting and @entity4 -induced GTV motion were calculated. RESULTS: Mean maximum resting displacements ranged from 1.5 to 3.1 mm for combined GTV subsites. Mean maximum swallowing GTV displacement for combined subsites ranged from 4.0 to 11.6 mm. Swallowing was nonperiodic, with a frequency ranging from 0 to 19 swallows over 12.8 min and mean swallow duration of 3.5 s. Based on the average swallowing characteristics in this cohort, the average @entity3 margins to account for setup error and @entity1 motion are estimated to be 4.7 mm anteriorly, 4.2 mm posteriorly, 4.7 mm inferiorly, and 6.0 mm superiorly. CONCLUSIONS: The measurable mean maximum resting displacement for the GTV indicates that @entity1 motion occurs even when the @entity0 is not swallowing. Nonuniform margins should be used as a standard @entity3 margin that accounts for setup error and @entity1 motion in radiotherapy of @entity2 unless adaptive radiotherapy with respect to intrafraction @entity1 motion is performed. The @entity3 margin can be individualized to a single @entity0 's swallowing characteristics or calculated as an average based on the swallowing data from the cohort.

title: Dynamic MRI analysis of XXXX and organ motion during rest and @entity4 and margin assessment for radiotherapy of @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify swallowing frequency and @entity1 and normal structure displacements during @entity4 using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to determine planning target volume ( @entity3 ) margins to account for resting and @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-two @entity0 with @entity2 were imaged in the treatment position using dynamic MRI. Sagittal images were acquired. Two-dimensional displacement was analyzed using contours of normal structures and GTV drawn for one swallowing event. Deglutition-induced displacements were quantified based on position change during @entity4 relative to preswallow structure location for anterior (A), posterior (P), superior (S), and inferior (I) directions. Additional long-time MRI series were obtained from a subset of 11 @entity0 while they were resting in order to determine swallowing frequency and duration. @entity3 margins to account for setup error, frequency and duration of @entity4 , and resting and @entity4 -induced GTV motion were calculated. RESULTS: Mean maximum resting displacements ranged from 1.5 to 3.1 mm for combined GTV subsites. Mean maximum swallowing GTV displacement for combined subsites ranged from 4.0 to 11.6 mm. Swallowing was nonperiodic, with a frequency ranging from 0 to 19 swallows over 12.8 min and mean swallow duration of 3.5 s. Based on the average swallowing characteristics in this cohort, the average @entity3 margins to account for setup error and @entity1 motion are estimated to be 4.7 mm anteriorly, 4.2 mm posteriorly, 4.7 mm inferiorly, and 6.0 mm superiorly. CONCLUSIONS: The measurable mean maximum resting displacement for the GTV indicates that @entity1 motion occurs even when the @entity0 is not swallowing. Nonuniform margins should be used as a standard @entity3 margin that accounts for setup error and @entity1 motion in radiotherapy of @entity2 unless adaptive radiotherapy with respect to intrafraction @entity1 motion is performed. The @entity3 margin can be individualized to a single @entity0 's swallowing characteristics or calculated as an average based on the swallowing data from the cohort.

title: Dynamic MRI analysis of @entity1 and organ motion during rest and @entity4 and margin assessment for radiotherapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Over the past 20 years, socioeconomic inequalities in mortality have widened, while job security and financial security have decreased. This paper examines the @entity3 , a longitudinal study of white-collar British civil servants. In the Whitehall II cohort socioeconomic gradients in morbidity and cardiovascular risk factors at Phase 5 (1997-99) were generally steeper than at Phase 1 (1985-88). We examine the contribution of job and financial insecurity to these at Phase 5 in 6770 @entity0 and @entity0 , all of whom were white-collar civil servants at Phase 1. Steep, inverse employment grade gradients were observed for all health measures at Phase 5, except @entity1 and systolic blood pressure in @entity0 . Gradients in the sub-population of non-employed @entity0 tended to be steeper than gradients for @entity0 in employment, although, with the exception of self-rated health and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) score in @entity0 , differences were non-significant. Steep gradients in job insecurity were observed among employed @entity0 (p<or=0.01), and in financial insecurity among both employed and non-employed @entity0 (p<or=0.001), particularly non-employed @entity0 . With the exception of @entity2 , adjustment for job insecurity had little effect on the employment grade gradients in morbidity. However, financial insecurity contributed substantially to gradients in self-rated health, longstanding illness, and @entity2 in both employed and non-employed @entity0 , and additionally to GHQ score and diastolic blood pressure in the latter. Adjustment for financial insecurity in non-employed @entity0 substantially attenuated gradients in self-rated health, GHQ score and @entity2 . These findings imply that the specific effects of job insecurity in this cohort may be less important than the more general effects of financial insecurity in determining inequalities in health.

title: Future uncertainty and socioeconomic inequalities in health: the XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate, in a comparative analysis, the prognostic implications of postchemoradiotherapy (post-CRT) pathologic stage (ypStage) vs. postoperative pathologic stage (pStage) in @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between May 2001 and December 2006, 487 @entity0 with T3 mid or @entity1 were analyzed retrospectively. Concurrent CRT was administered preoperatively (n = 364, 74.7%) or postoperatively (n = 123, 25.3%). The radiation dose was 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions. All @entity0 underwent a total mesorectal excision and received adjuvant chemotherapy. Disease-free survival (DFS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences in DFS, stratified by ypStage and pStage, were compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: For surviving @entity0 , the median follow-up period was 68 months (range, 12-105 months). The 5-year local recurrence-free survival rate was not different, at 95.3% and 92.1% in preoperative and postoperative CRT groups, respectively (p = 0.402), but the 5-year distant metastasis-free survival rate was significantly different, at 81.6% (preoperative CRT) vs. 65.4% (postoperative CRT; p = 0.001). The 5-year DFS rate of 78.8% in the preoperative CRT group was significantly better than the 63.0% rate in the postoperative CRT group (p = 0.002). Post-CRT pathologic Stage 0-I occurred in 42.6% (155 of 364) of the @entity0 with preoperative CRT. The 5-year DFS rates were 90.2% (ypStage 0-I), 83.5% (ypStage II), 77.3% (pStage II), 58.6% (ypStage III), and 54.7% (pStage III). The DFS rate of ypStage 0-I was significantly better than that of ypStage II or pStage II. Post-CRT pathologic Stage II and III had similar DFS, compared with pStage II and III, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Disease-free survival predicted by each ypStage was similar to that predicted by the respective pStage. Improved DFS with preoperative vs. postoperative CRT was associated with the ypStage 0-I group that showed a similarly favorable outcome to pStage I @entity1 .

title: Stage-to-stage comparison of preoperative and postoperative chemoradiotherapy for T3 mid or XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To assess clinical, therapeutic and diagnostic findings of strangulated @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHOD: Retrospective study of 17 @entity0 (16 @entity0 , 1 @entity0 ; average age: 81.7 years), all treated in the same service, for strangulated @entity5 . The studied criteria were: clinical characteristics (general status, obstruction, sign of @entity4 ), morphologic exams, mean delay for surgical treatment, and occurrence of @entity1 . RESULTS: The clinical examination revealed @entity2 in 94% of the @entity0 (n = 16) and @entity3 @entity0 ; 23.5% of the @entity0 presented a sign of @entity4 . A major slimming was observed in 82% of the cases. A computed tomography, performed in 3 @entity0 , showed the presence of air in the under-pubic channel. Preoperative @entity5 was suspected in 23.5% of the cases. Surgical treatment was performed after a mean delay of 5.3 d. The mortality and morbidity rates were respectively 35 and 18%. CONCLUSION: Due to the low specificity of clinical examination, preoperative @entity5 remains difficult. Computed tomography can be of great help for the diagnosis. Any therapeutic delay increasing mortality rate, surgery is mandatory in case of @entity2 in order to make the diagnosis and the treatment of such rare pathology.

title: [Strangulated XXXX : a report of 17 cases].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A zinc finger protein that interacts with @entity0 TATA-binding protein was previously isolated by a yeast two-hybrid screen and found to serve as a transcriptional repressor. The gene was designated the @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Herein, @entity2 was found to be expressed maternally. After gastrulation, the level of @entity2 mRNA decreased significantly throughout the neurula stage. However, mRNA levels increased at stage 35 and then began to decrease at stage 48. Eventually, no @entity2 mRNA was observed in adult tissues except in the ovary. @entity2 mRNA was detected in the animal hemisphere during gastrulation and observed in the neural ectoderm at the neurula stage. At the tailbud stage, @entity2 was highly expressed in the head tissues such as brain, eyes, otic vesicles, lateral line placodes, and @entity1 , but weakly in somites. Depletion of @entity2 in the embryos using RNA interference caused premature death at the gastrula stage or induced secondary partial axis after gastrulation. These results strongly suggest that @entity2 is an essential transcription factor involved in the cell movement during gastrulation and the formation of the dorsal axis during early development in @entity0 .

title: A novel TBP-interacting zinc finger protein functions in early development of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Salivary flow has been recorded from conscious @entity0 during 1 min periods whilst continuously chewing standard laboratory dry pellets or pieces of @entity3 and, in some animals, a mash of pellets with water. Flow was measured using contact drop recorders or a continuous flow recorder via @entity1 tubes permanently inserted into one or both parotid ducts. Large variations in flow were obtained with unilateral recordings particularly during dry pellet chewing. Bilateral recordings showed that the flow was always greater on one side than on the other and that dominant secretion alternated from side to side in an apparently random manner. @entity0 chew unilaterally. Videotaped recordings of chewing movements showed that the greater secretion was always produced on the chewing side. To test the possibility that @entity2 , or the prolonged hardness of the pellets may result in higher flow rates in animals with cannulated ducts than would normally be seen in intact animals, water was injected downstream into the mouth through a third cannula. This was inserted in an anterograde direction in the parotid duct on one side. Significant reductions in flow were recorded during dry pellet eating, but not during @entity3 eating. When animals were fed a soft pellet mash, salivary flow was significantly lower than with dry pellets. Recordings have been made from strain gauges attached to the ascending ramus of the mandible. Previous findings that dry pellets produce greater strain than @entity3 have been confirmed. It has also been shown that less strain is produced with soft pellet mash. The strain gauge data suggested that a relation exists between masticatory force and parotid salivary flow. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that intra-oral mechanoreceptors may be involved in a masticatory-salivary reflex.

title: The possible relation between mastication and parotid secretion in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A study on mainly non-cancer-related @entity2 @entity0 was performed concerning clinical @entity0 data used for @entity2 history-taking and diagnosis. More than 2100 consecutive @entity0 referred to the anaesthetic branch of the @entity2 Centre (MPC) were evaluated at the first visit. The use of a paper questionnaire, including a @entity2 and @entity2 intensity Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), was analysed. In a substudy of more than 290 consecutive @entity0 , data from a computerised questionnaire and database was analysed. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity1 Quality of Life Questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30) (version 2.0) was used for recording of the Global Health Status/Quality of Life (GHS/QoL) score. The substudy also included the summarized mechanism-based evaluation of the @entity0 at the first visit, judged by a specialist in @entity2 medicine. The @entity0 ' GHS/QoL score was low. The most important @entity2 mechanisms, were nociceptive and peripheral neurogenic. The clinical use of these tools for @entity0 evaluation and for the choice of treatment is suggested. Information technology may be used for analysis of descriptive, evaluative, predictive and prognostic data in @entity2 @entity0 . It can also be used as a tool for clinical @entity2 research towards a mechanism-based evaluation. Evaluation of @entity0 quality of life and function is suitable for outcome research.

title: XXXX questionnaires in the analysis of long lasting (chronic) @entity2 conditions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A study on mainly non-cancer-related @entity2 @entity0 was performed concerning clinical @entity0 data used for @entity2 history-taking and diagnosis. More than 2100 consecutive @entity0 referred to the anaesthetic branch of the @entity2 Centre (MPC) were evaluated at the first visit. The use of a paper questionnaire, including a @entity2 and @entity2 intensity Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), was analysed. In a substudy of more than 290 consecutive @entity0 , data from a computerised questionnaire and database was analysed. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity1 Quality of Life Questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30) (version 2.0) was used for recording of the Global Health Status/Quality of Life (GHS/QoL) score. The substudy also included the summarized mechanism-based evaluation of the @entity0 at the first visit, judged by a specialist in @entity2 medicine. The @entity0 ' GHS/QoL score was low. The most important @entity2 mechanisms, were nociceptive and peripheral neurogenic. The clinical use of these tools for @entity0 evaluation and for the choice of treatment is suggested. Information technology may be used for analysis of descriptive, evaluative, predictive and prognostic data in @entity2 @entity0 . It can also be used as a tool for clinical @entity2 research towards a mechanism-based evaluation. Evaluation of @entity0 quality of life and function is suitable for outcome research.

title: @entity2 questionnaires in the analysis of long lasting (chronic) XXXX conditions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many investigators have demonstrated the short-term and midterm efficacy of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, the influence of heparin dosing during @entity2 on postoperative and immediate graft patency is less well defined. This report outlines our experience with @entity2 employing a variety of heparinization protocols. METHODS: The traditional @entity2 approach was used in 152 @entity0 who underwent single-vessel off-pump coronary artery bypass. Before the left internal mammary artery was divided, a 150-U/kg bolus of heparin @entity4 was given to 76 @entity0 (group 1), and 300 U/kg was given to another 76 @entity0 (group 2). Additional heparin was given during the procedures to maintain an activated clotting times of greater than 300 seconds for group 1 and greater than 400 seconds for group 2. RESULTS: On average, @entity0 in group 1 required more boluses of heparin during treatment than @entity0 in group 2. A larger standard deviation from the mean was observed for the activated clotting time in group 1 at any time during treatment than for @entity0 in group 2. The number of revised grafts was smaller in group 2 (1/76, 1.3%) than in group 1 (4/76, 5.2%). All of these revisions revealed @entity3 at the site of @entity1 . In addition, noncoronary thrombotic complications were seen in 5 @entity0 in group 1, and none were seen in group 2. CONCLUSION: Coronary artery surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass does not trigger the systemic inflammatory response, but surgical tissue trauma remains a constant. The preserved hemostasis theoretically may lead to a procoagulant state. This study demonstrates that insufficient anticoagulation therapy can lead to intracoronary @entity3 following @entity2 as well as @entity3 .

title: Heparin dose, transfusion rates, and intraoperative graft patency in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a haematological @entity1 whose care is spread over several specialities and provided by centres that various sizes, which raises the issue of equal opportunities in care access. Incident cases of @entity2 between 2008 and 2010 were exhaustively identified by the Poitou-Charentes Cancer Registry. To ascertain the quality of care, the diagnosis, staging, and treatment administered were compared to international recommendations. Three hundred and sixty-seven @entity0 were included. The diagnostic procedure exhibited 98% compliance, the staging 58%, and treatment 89%. Concerning diagnostic and staging, non-compliance with recommendations was associated to the failure to perform collegiate case assessments in multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings [OR 2.15 (1.15-4.04)], care provided at a secondary centre, and a distance between home and the centre of 5-25  km [2.16 (1.06-4.40)] and 25-50  km [2.86 (1.37-6.01)]. Regarding treatment, non-compliance with recommendations was associated with care provided at a secondary centre [5.28 (2.03-13.75)]. Finally, diagnosis, staging and treatment quality improved over time. This study underlines the need to improve the organisation of the healthcare offer, so that @entity0 can receive the best possible care. MDT seems to be the main means to improve quality of care.

title: XXXX : the quality of care is linked to geographical and organisational determinants. A study in a French registry.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In Poland and all over the world, whole-body cryostimulation is becoming more and more popular in the treatment of different diseases and in sport. However, changes that occur in the @entity0 body subjected to cryogenic temperatures are still not completely understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in blood circulation and aerobic capacity induced by repeated exposure to whole-body cryostimulation of young and clinically healthy male subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 25 young @entity0 , aged 21    0.9 years, average body weight 74.65    6.98 kg and height 179.5    5.12 cm. The @entity0 were exposed to extremely low temperatures in a cryogenic chamber once a day for 15 days. Each session lasted 3 min at -130  C and was preceded by 30-second, adaptation in a vestibule at -60  C. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured before entering the chamber, immediately after exiting and 10 min later. We also calculated pulse pressure and the mean arterial blood pressure. Before and after the treatment the maximal @entity1 uptake was measured. RESULTS: Our results showed a significant @entity2 after each cryostimulation (by an average of 19 mmHg) and an increase in diastolic blood pressure only after the first cryostimulation (by 6 mm Hg). The @entity2 was accompanied by a significant decrease in heart rate (by about 7 bpm). No adaptation changes were observed after 15 treatments. There were no changes in aerobic capacity after 15 sessions of WBC, however we observed a significant decrease in RBC and hemoglobin concentration. CONCLUSION: Due to the @entity2 after WBC, this kind of physiotherapy treatment is not recommended for @entity0 with advanced or not pharmacologically controlled @entity2 .

title: Changes in blood pressure with compensatory heart rate decrease and in the level of aerobic capacity in response to repeated whole-body cryostimulation in normotensive, young and physically active XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is antibiotic responsive. METHODS: The authors conducted a single-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled trial on 55 @entity0 with @entity5 with persistent severe @entity2 at least 6 or more months after antibiotic therapy. @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive 28 days of IV @entity3 or placebo. The primary clinical outcomes were improvement in @entity2 , defined by a change of 0.7 points or more on an 11-item @entity2 questionnaire, and improvement in cognitive function (mental speed), defined by a change of 25% or more on a test of reaction time. The primary laboratory outcome was an experimental measure of @entity4 @entity1 , outer surface protein A (OspA). Outcome data were collected at the 6-month visit. RESULTS: @entity0 assigned to @entity3 showed improvement in disabling @entity2 compared to the placebo group (rate ratio, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.50 to 8.03; p = 0.001). No beneficial treatment effect was observed for cognitive function or the laboratory measure of persistent @entity1 . Four @entity0 , three of whom were on placebo, had adverse events associated with treatment, which required hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 therapy in @entity0 with @entity5 with severe @entity2 was associated with an improvement in @entity2 but not with cognitive function or an experimental laboratory measure of @entity1 in this study. Because @entity2 (a nonspecific symptom) was the only outcome that improved and because treatment was associated with adverse events, this study does not support the use of additional antibiotic therapy with parenteral @entity3 in post-treatment, persistently @entity2 @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: Study and treatment of post XXXX (STOP-LD): a randomized double masked clinical trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Advances in tailored medical therapy and introduction of biologic agents for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) treatment have increased lasting of disease remission. Some @entity0 , however, still complain defecatory symptoms. @entity0 present with a wide spectrum of conditions, the most frequent anal @entity2 , @entity4 , that have a great impact on Quality of Life. Due to @entity1 diagnosis, little relevance is given to this type of symptoms and their epidemiologic distribution is unknown. Pathogenetic hypotheses are under investigation. Routinely diagnostic workflow and therapeutic options in pelvic floor service are often underused. The evaluation of these disorders starts with the exclusion of the presence of active disease by endoscopy; the further diagnostic workflow is the same as in @entity0 without @entity1 . For @entity3 and obstructed defecation, simple conservative therapy with habits modification, dietary and fluid advices is effective in most cases. In non-responders @entity0 , ano- rectal physiology tests and imaging are required to select @entity0 for pelvic floor muscle training and Bio-Feed-Back. These treatments have been proven effective in @entity1 @entity0 . Some new minimally invasive alternative strategies are available for @entity1 @entity0 , as sacral nerve and posterior tibial nerve stimulation; for other ones (e.g.: bulking agents implantation) @entity1 still remain an exclusion criterion. Surgical options to cure @entity5 are indicated in a small group of @entity1 @entity0 , due to the high risk of failure in wound healing and to the possible side effects of surgery, that can lead to anal @entity2 or to an eventual proctectomy, and in order to preserve anatomical areas that could be useful for future reconstructive techniques. A particular issue within defecatory symptoms in @entity0 with @entity1 is paradox after restorative proctocolectomy that can be related to a paradoxical pubo-rectalis contraction: if properly diagnosed, a conservative treatment is indicated, avoiding unnecessary laparotomy for small bowel occlusion. @entity4 management, coordinated by a specialist with expertise in @entity5 , includes many options, that vary from oral or local therapies to pelvic floor rehabilitation and sacral nerve stimulation. Surgical procedures have often non satisfactory results. Recognition and investigation of ano-rectal functional disorders in @entity0 with @entity1 is important to address correct diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, in order to avoid unnecessary and potentially detrimental medical and surgical therapies, with the aim of improving @entity0 ' Quality of Life.

title: XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity5