abstract: The principal biochemical criteria for cure in @entity4 are normalization of both @entity2 -suppressed GH levels and @entity3 levels. As we have reported previously, measurement of GH by highly sensitive assay in conjunction with @entity3 levels has led to a re-appraisal of "normal" GH suppression criteria during an OGTT in subjects with @entity4 . In some @entity0 with active @entity4 , @entity2 -suppressed GH levels as measured by highly sensitive assay are much lower than could previously be appreciated with less sensitive GH assays and some other @entity0 in apparent remission have @entity1 . A question to arise is whether gender differences in @entity2 -suppressed GH levels as found by others in young healthy subjects should be considered in our interpretation of OGTT criteria for cure in @entity4 . Therefore, we have evaluated parameters of GH secretion in a larger number of subjects from our cohort of postoperative @entity0 with @entity4 and in healthy subjects in order to determine if gender or age associated differences in these parameters exist. Ninety-two subjects with @entity4 (49 @entity0 , 43 @entity0 ) and 46 age-matched healthy subjects (26 @entity0 , 20 @entity0 ) were evaluated with baseline GH and @entity3 levels and nadir GH levels after a 100 g. OGTT. GH was assayed by highly sensitive IRMA (DSL). Basal GH levels were higher in female than in male healthy subjects, but the fall in GH from baseline (% suppression) was also greater in females resulting in no significant difference in mean nadir GH levels in female vs. male healthy subjects (0.09 vs. 0.08 microg/L). In the subjects with @entity4 , there were no significant gender differences in basal, %GH suppression or nadir GH levels. Basal and nadir GH levels correlated significantly only in subjects with active disease (r=0.84, p<.0001). Similarly, @entity3 levels correlated significantly with basal (r=0.573, p=.0012), and nadir (r=.702, p<.0001) GH levels only in subjects with active disease. Gender differences in @entity3 levels were not apparent in any group of subjects. As expected, @entity3 levels declined with age in those groups of subjects with normal @entity3 levels. Nadir GH levels did not vary with age. In conclusion, we have not found significant gender or age-related differences in nadir GH levels and thus our data does not support separate OGTT criteria for cure in @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Gender and age in the biochemical assessment of cure of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity6 in @entity0 with chronic @entity4 in a real life setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 164 @entity0 with chronic @entity4 who were treated with @entity6 . Eighty-six @entity0 (52.4%) were na  ve. Seventy-seven (46.9%) @entity0 were previously treated with anti-viral drugs, including standard interferon (n=4), pegylated (PEG) interferon (n=14), standard interferon together with @entity7 (n=13), @entity7 alone (n=41), @entity9 (n=2), @entity7 together with @entity9 (n=1), and @entity8 (n=2). Six @entity0 (3.7%) had @entity3 before treatment of @entity6 . RESULTS: The @entity0 who have @entity4 viral DNA>104 copy/mL with chronic @entity4 were included in the treatment of @entity6 . Average follow up time was 30.31  14.33 months. @entity1 DNA negativity and @entity5 aminotransferase (ALT) normalization were 86.5% and 71.3%, respectively, at the last visit. @entity4 e-Antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion occurred in 11 (19.6%) out of 164 @entity0 . During the follow-up period, 4 (2.4%) @entity0 developed @entity3 and in 5 (3%) @entity0 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) occurred out of 164 @entity0 . HBsAg seroconversion occurred in one @entity0 (0.6%). CONCLUSION: @entity6 can be used safely and successfully in those @entity0 that were naive, experienced with immune modulators and/or antivirals, HBeAg-positive, and HBeAg-negative @entity0 .

title: XXXX -best hope for treatment of chronic @entity4 ?

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity6 in @entity0 with chronic @entity4 in a real life setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 164 @entity0 with chronic @entity4 who were treated with @entity6 . Eighty-six @entity0 (52.4%) were na  ve. Seventy-seven (46.9%) @entity0 were previously treated with anti-viral drugs, including standard interferon (n=4), pegylated (PEG) interferon (n=14), standard interferon together with @entity7 (n=13), @entity7 alone (n=41), @entity9 (n=2), @entity7 together with @entity9 (n=1), and @entity8 (n=2). Six @entity0 (3.7%) had @entity3 before treatment of @entity6 . RESULTS: The @entity0 who have @entity4 viral DNA>104 copy/mL with chronic @entity4 were included in the treatment of @entity6 . Average follow up time was 30.31  14.33 months. @entity1 DNA negativity and @entity5 aminotransferase (ALT) normalization were 86.5% and 71.3%, respectively, at the last visit. @entity4 e-Antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion occurred in 11 (19.6%) out of 164 @entity0 . During the follow-up period, 4 (2.4%) @entity0 developed @entity3 and in 5 (3%) @entity0 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) occurred out of 164 @entity0 . HBsAg seroconversion occurred in one @entity0 (0.6%). CONCLUSION: @entity6 can be used safely and successfully in those @entity0 that were naive, experienced with immune modulators and/or antivirals, HBeAg-positive, and HBeAg-negative @entity0 .

title: @entity6 -best hope for treatment of chronic XXXX ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluate the results of treatment of @entity4 in kidney transplant @entity0 with intracavernosal self-injection of vasoactive drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated and treated 26 male kidney transplant @entity0 for @entity4 . All @entity0 had stable kidney function 6 to 75 months (mean 26.6 +/- 9) after transplantation. Each @entity0 received an intracavernosal injection of 20 microg. @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and after 20 to 30 minutes the response was assessed. Nonresponders received 40 microg. @entity7 at another visit, and those who showed no response were reinjected with 40 microg. @entity7 plus 30 mg. @entity6 . A total of 21 @entity0 were enrolled in a self-injection program and have been followed between 3 and 21 months (mean 11.6 +/- 2.7). RESULTS: Hormonal alterations were seen in 7 patients with serum @entity3 as low as 16.6 ng./ml. (normal 33 to 100), and @entity3 injections gave only marginal response in 2. Intracavernosal injection of 20 microg. @entity7 provided good response in 15 @entity0 (57.7%), while 40 microg. @entity7 alone or in combination with 30 mg. @entity6 resulted in good response in another 6 and 2 @entity0 , respectively. Among the 21 @entity0 who were enrolled in the self-injection program 19 (90.5%) reported complete satisfaction with no adverse local or systemic complications except for @entity1 at the injection site in 4. There has been no change in serum @entity5 , @entity2 level or doses of immunosuppression medications during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: Intracavernosal self-injection of @entity7 is well accepted and tolerated by kidney transplant @entity0 . It poses no apparent risks to the transplanted kidney and could be a good modality to treat @entity4 in kidney transplant recipients.

title: Treatment of XXXX after kidney transplantation with intracavernosal self-injection of @entity7 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluate the results of treatment of @entity4 in kidney transplant @entity0 with intracavernosal self-injection of vasoactive drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated and treated 26 male kidney transplant @entity0 for @entity4 . All @entity0 had stable kidney function 6 to 75 months (mean 26.6 +/- 9) after transplantation. Each @entity0 received an intracavernosal injection of 20 microg. @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and after 20 to 30 minutes the response was assessed. Nonresponders received 40 microg. @entity7 at another visit, and those who showed no response were reinjected with 40 microg. @entity7 plus 30 mg. @entity6 . A total of 21 @entity0 were enrolled in a self-injection program and have been followed between 3 and 21 months (mean 11.6 +/- 2.7). RESULTS: Hormonal alterations were seen in 7 patients with serum @entity3 as low as 16.6 ng./ml. (normal 33 to 100), and @entity3 injections gave only marginal response in 2. Intracavernosal injection of 20 microg. @entity7 provided good response in 15 @entity0 (57.7%), while 40 microg. @entity7 alone or in combination with 30 mg. @entity6 resulted in good response in another 6 and 2 @entity0 , respectively. Among the 21 @entity0 who were enrolled in the self-injection program 19 (90.5%) reported complete satisfaction with no adverse local or systemic complications except for @entity1 at the injection site in 4. There has been no change in serum @entity5 , @entity2 level or doses of immunosuppression medications during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: Intracavernosal self-injection of @entity7 is well accepted and tolerated by kidney transplant @entity0 . It poses no apparent risks to the transplanted kidney and could be a good modality to treat @entity4 in kidney transplant recipients.

title: Treatment of @entity4 after kidney transplantation with intracavernosal self-injection of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: The high cure rate in @entity1 has provoked investigations relating to the quality of life in long-term survivors. We determine the psychosocial consequences of the disease especially in regard to sexual and professional performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the @entity1 @entity0 treated with various treatment modalities 140 rendered free of disease for at least a year were included in this study. General Health Questionnaire 28 and a general survey were used to determine quality of life issues. RESULTS: Regarding the sexual life of these @entity0 , problems related to libido, erection and ejaculation increased significantly during treatment and subsequently recovered but did not return to baseline after treatment. During treatment the frequency of sexual intercourse and/or masturbation decreased significantly in all @entity0 . Of the single @entity0 35% thought that medical history would be a concern for the potential spouse. Regarding professional lives, 22.4% thought that they had better performance after treatment compared to before therapy, whereas only 6.1% reported it to be worse. When professional performance was analyzed according to the treatment modalities those who had received radiotherapy did worse. General Health Questionnaire scores indicated that @entity0 with this disease had a positive view of life compared to that of the normal population. CONCLUSIONS: Although we observed a substantial recovery in sexual life after treatment, it was evident that therapy did have a negative effect on sexual functions. There was no effect on occupational performance and perspective of life, which may be related to the fact of having overcome a life threatening disease.

title: Psychosocial adjustment after XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 of the cornea can be sight-threatening and have a worse prognosis than other types of microbial @entity1 . Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGLYRP), which are expressed on the ocular surface, play an important role in the immune response against @entity3 by activating toll-like receptors (TLRs) or increasing phagocytosis. However, the role of PGLYRPs in innate immune response to fungal pathogens has not been investigated. In this study, we observed a significant induction of three PGLYRPs 2-4 in primary @entity0 corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) exposed to live or heat-killed @entity4 (HKCA). The C-type lectin receptor @entity5 plays a critical role in controlling @entity4 infections by promoting phagocytic activity and cytokine production in macrophages and dendritic cells. Here, we demonstrate that @entity5 is expressed by normal @entity0 corneal tissue and primary HCECs. HKCA exposure increased expression of @entity5 on HCECs at mRNA and protein levels. Interestingly, @entity5 neutralizing antibody, IkB-a inhibitor @entity6 , and NF-kB activation inhibitor @entity7 blocked NF-kB p65 nuclear translocation, as well as the induction of the PGLYRPs by HKCA in HCECs. Furthermore, rhPGLYRP-2 was found to suppress colony-forming units of @entity4 in vitro. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that @entity5 is expressed by @entity0 corneal epithelial cells, and @entity5 /NF-kB signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating @entity4 /HKCA-induced PGLYRP secretion by HCECs.

title: A Novel Innate Response of XXXX Corneal Epithelium to Heat-killed @entity4 by Producing Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 of the cornea can be sight-threatening and have a worse prognosis than other types of microbial @entity1 . Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGLYRP), which are expressed on the ocular surface, play an important role in the immune response against @entity3 by activating toll-like receptors (TLRs) or increasing phagocytosis. However, the role of PGLYRPs in innate immune response to fungal pathogens has not been investigated. In this study, we observed a significant induction of three PGLYRPs 2-4 in primary @entity0 corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) exposed to live or heat-killed @entity4 (HKCA). The C-type lectin receptor @entity5 plays a critical role in controlling @entity4 infections by promoting phagocytic activity and cytokine production in macrophages and dendritic cells. Here, we demonstrate that @entity5 is expressed by normal @entity0 corneal tissue and primary HCECs. HKCA exposure increased expression of @entity5 on HCECs at mRNA and protein levels. Interestingly, @entity5 neutralizing antibody, IkB-a inhibitor @entity6 , and NF-kB activation inhibitor @entity7 blocked NF-kB p65 nuclear translocation, as well as the induction of the PGLYRPs by HKCA in HCECs. Furthermore, rhPGLYRP-2 was found to suppress colony-forming units of @entity4 in vitro. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that @entity5 is expressed by @entity0 corneal epithelial cells, and @entity5 /NF-kB signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating @entity4 /HKCA-induced PGLYRP secretion by HCECs.

title: A Novel Innate Response of @entity0 Corneal Epithelium to Heat-killed XXXX by Producing Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: A cross-sectional study of 603 subjects between 15 and 65 years of age (270 males and 333 females) from a dental teaching center serving a local population in northern Jordan was performed to identify the factors associated with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), clinical attachment level (CAL), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and number of missing teeth (MT). METHODS: All @entity0 were interviewed orally and examined, using a structured questionnaire, by a single examiner. For each @entity0 , the oral hygiene of six selected teeth and periodontal status of all teeth, excluding third molars, were assessed using plaque index (PI), @entity2 , CAL, @entity5 , and MT. Whole-mouth averages of @entity2 , CAL, and @entity5 were calculated and used as the outcome variables. RESULTS: Increased age, plaque index, having @entity1 , and smoking more than 15 pack-years were significantly associated with increased @entity2 , CAL, and @entity5 . Brushing was significantly associated with decreased @entity2 and MT, while brushing more than once per day was associated with increased @entity5 . Use of dental floss and having @entity3 were significantly associated with increased CAL and @entity5 . Having peptic ulcers and having @entity4 were significantly associated with increased CAL only. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that increased age, high plaque index, having @entity1 , and smoking more than 15 pack-years are risk indicators of @entity6 as assessed by @entity2 , CAL, and @entity5 . Longitudinal, intervention, and etiology-focused studies will establish whether these indicators are true risk factors.

title: Factors associated with XXXX in a dental teaching clinic population in northern Jordan.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Combination of tumor antigens with immunostimulants is a promising approach in @entity1 immunotherapy. We assessed animal model @entity3 of AS15 combined with various tumor antigens: @entity8 ( @entity2 ), or p501, dHER2 and recPRAME ( @entity7 ), administered in seven or 20 dose regimens versus a saline control. Clinical and ophthalmological examinations, followed by extensive post-mortem pathological examinations, were performed on all animals. Blood hematology and biochemistry parameters were also assessed. Antigen-specific antibody titers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additional assessments in monkeys included electrocardiography and immunohistochemical evaluations of the p501 expression pattern. Transient increases in body temperature were observed 4 h or 24 h after injections of recPRAME   +   AS15 and dHER2   +   AS15. @entity0 and erythema were observed up to 1 week after most injections of recPRAME   +   AS15 and all injections of dHER2   +   AS15. No treatment-related effects were observed for electrocardiography parameters. Mean fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in all treated groups compared to controls, but no differences could be observed at the end of the treatment-free period. Transient but significant differences in biochemistry parameters were observed post-injection: lower albumin/globulin ratios (p501   +   AS15), and higher @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity5 (dHER2   +   AS15). Pathology examinations revealed significant increases in axillary lymph node mean weights (recPRAME   +   AS15) compared to controls. A 100% seroconversion rate was observed in all treated groups, but not in controls. p501 protein expression was observed in prostates of all monkeys from studies assessing p501   +   AS15. These results suggest a favorable safety profile of the AS15-containing candidate vaccines, supporting the use of AS15 for clinical development of potential anticancer vaccines. Copyright    2015 The Authors. Journal of Applied Toxicology Published by John Wiley _ Sons Ltd.

title: Non-clinical safety evaluation of repeated intramuscular administration of the AS15 immunostimulant combined with various antigens in XXXX and @entity7 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Combination of tumor antigens with immunostimulants is a promising approach in @entity1 immunotherapy. We assessed animal model @entity3 of AS15 combined with various tumor antigens: @entity8 ( @entity2 ), or p501, dHER2 and recPRAME ( @entity7 ), administered in seven or 20 dose regimens versus a saline control. Clinical and ophthalmological examinations, followed by extensive post-mortem pathological examinations, were performed on all animals. Blood hematology and biochemistry parameters were also assessed. Antigen-specific antibody titers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additional assessments in monkeys included electrocardiography and immunohistochemical evaluations of the p501 expression pattern. Transient increases in body temperature were observed 4 h or 24 h after injections of recPRAME   +   AS15 and dHER2   +   AS15. @entity0 and erythema were observed up to 1 week after most injections of recPRAME   +   AS15 and all injections of dHER2   +   AS15. No treatment-related effects were observed for electrocardiography parameters. Mean fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in all treated groups compared to controls, but no differences could be observed at the end of the treatment-free period. Transient but significant differences in biochemistry parameters were observed post-injection: lower albumin/globulin ratios (p501   +   AS15), and higher @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity5 (dHER2   +   AS15). Pathology examinations revealed significant increases in axillary lymph node mean weights (recPRAME   +   AS15) compared to controls. A 100% seroconversion rate was observed in all treated groups, but not in controls. p501 protein expression was observed in prostates of all monkeys from studies assessing p501   +   AS15. These results suggest a favorable safety profile of the AS15-containing candidate vaccines, supporting the use of AS15 for clinical development of potential anticancer vaccines. Copyright    2015 The Authors. Journal of Applied Toxicology Published by John Wiley _ Sons Ltd.

title: Non-clinical safety evaluation of repeated intramuscular administration of the AS15 immunostimulant combined with various antigens in @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Vascularised fibular grafts (VFGs ) are a valuable surgical technique in limb salvage after resection of a @entity1 . The primary objective of this multicentre study was to assess the risk factors for failure and complications for using a VFG after resection of a @entity1 . The study involved 74 consecutive @entity0 (45 @entity0 and 29 @entity0 with mean age of 23 years (1 to 64) from four tertiary centres for orthopaedic oncology who underwent reconstruction using a VFG after resection of a @entity1 between 1996 and 2011. There were 52 primary and 22 secondary reconstructions. The mean follow-up was 77 months (10 to 195). In all, 69 @entity0 (93%) had successful limb salvage; all of these united and 65 (88%) showed @entity3 of the graft. The mean time to union differed between those involving the upper (28 weeks; 12 to 96) and lower limbs (44 weeks; 12 to 250). @entity2 occurred in 11  (15%), and nonunion in 14 (19%) @entity0 . In 35 @entity0 (47%) at least one complication arose, with a greater proportion in lower limb reconstructions, non-bridging osteosynthesis, and in @entity0 . These complications resulted in revision surgery in 26 @entity0 (35%). VFG is a successful and durable technique for reconstruction of a defect in bone after resection of a @entity1 , but is accompanied by a significant risk of complications, that often require revision surgery. Union was not markedly influenced by the need for chemo- or radiotherapy, but should not be expected during chemotherapy. Therefore, restricted weight-bearing within this period is advocated. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:853-61.

title: The vascularised fibular graft for limb salvage after XXXX surgery: a multicentre study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The most feared complication after treatment with recombinant @entity3 (rt-PA) is the occurrence of symptomatic @entity5 (sICH). The aims of the study were to predict the risk of sICH ( @entity4 ) after a therapy with rt-PA and to examine whether associations exist between SEDAN score and the early mortality in @entity0 with acute @entity2 in a monocenter study. METHODS: During a 6-year period (2008-2013), 542 consecutive @entity1 @entity0 (mean age, 73      3  years; 51.1% @entity0 ; median NIHSS score, 11) treated with IV thrombolysis were included in a monocenter study. SICH was diagnosed in according to the with @entity4 . RESULTS: The absolute risk for sICH revealed 9.2% (95% CI, 6.5-11.4) of @entity0 treated with IV thrombolysis and was 0%, 4.6% (95% CI, 1.3-7.9), 6.6% (95% CI, 3.3-10.5), 13.5% (95% CI, 6.7-19.2), 23.6% (95% CI, 12.7-34.5), and 26.7% (95% CI, 12.7-34.5) for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and >= 5 SEDAN points. Logistic regression revealed that sICH was associated with increasing SEDAN scores (OR, 1.93 per SEDAN point; 95% CI, 1.51-2.46; P  <  0.001). The predictive performance was assessed with area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (0.73; 95% CI, 0.65-0.80; P  <  0.001). During hospitalization (median, 9  days), 53 @entity0 (9.8%; 95% CI, 7.4-12.45) died. In-hospital mortality was higher in @entity0 with than those without sICH (30 vs 7.7%; P  <  0.001), and it was increased with increasing SEDAN score (OR, 1.45 per point; 95% CI, 1.12-1.89; P  =  0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Higher SEDAN score was associated with an increased risk of sICH and early mortality in this monocenter study.

title: Predicting risk of symptomatic XXXX and mortality after treatment with recombinant @entity3 using SEDAN score.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The most feared complication after treatment with recombinant @entity3 (rt-PA) is the occurrence of symptomatic @entity5 (sICH). The aims of the study were to predict the risk of sICH ( @entity4 ) after a therapy with rt-PA and to examine whether associations exist between SEDAN score and the early mortality in @entity0 with acute @entity2 in a monocenter study. METHODS: During a 6-year period (2008-2013), 542 consecutive @entity1 @entity0 (mean age, 73      3  years; 51.1% @entity0 ; median NIHSS score, 11) treated with IV thrombolysis were included in a monocenter study. SICH was diagnosed in according to the with @entity4 . RESULTS: The absolute risk for sICH revealed 9.2% (95% CI, 6.5-11.4) of @entity0 treated with IV thrombolysis and was 0%, 4.6% (95% CI, 1.3-7.9), 6.6% (95% CI, 3.3-10.5), 13.5% (95% CI, 6.7-19.2), 23.6% (95% CI, 12.7-34.5), and 26.7% (95% CI, 12.7-34.5) for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and >= 5 SEDAN points. Logistic regression revealed that sICH was associated with increasing SEDAN scores (OR, 1.93 per SEDAN point; 95% CI, 1.51-2.46; P  <  0.001). The predictive performance was assessed with area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (0.73; 95% CI, 0.65-0.80; P  <  0.001). During hospitalization (median, 9  days), 53 @entity0 (9.8%; 95% CI, 7.4-12.45) died. In-hospital mortality was higher in @entity0 with than those without sICH (30 vs 7.7%; P  <  0.001), and it was increased with increasing SEDAN score (OR, 1.45 per point; 95% CI, 1.12-1.89; P  =  0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Higher SEDAN score was associated with an increased risk of sICH and early mortality in this monocenter study.

title: Predicting risk of symptomatic @entity5 and mortality after treatment with recombinant XXXX using SEDAN score.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity16 is a rare @entity9 usually seen in @entity0 and very rarely in adults. It typically presents with a triad of @entity11 , @entity12 and @entity13 , and is most often associated with a @entity1 or after an @entity6 or vaccination. Around half of all adult cases are paraneoplastic in origin, and isolated case reports include associations with lung, @entity14 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first-ever reported case of paraneoplastic @entity16 occurring in association with a @entity4 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old British Caucasian @entity0 presented with left-sided @entity15 and subjective @entity7 . Over the coming weeks she developed subacute @entity10 and dizziness, leading to recurrent falls. Her clinical examination revealed @entity11 , @entity12 and signs of @entity3 . Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left-sided @entity4 , which was confirmed on biopsy. A tapering dose of @entity5 and a five-day course of intravenous immunoglobulins, followed by a combination of chemo-radiotherapy for the @entity4 , led to a significant clinical improvement. At six months follow-up she had no signs of focal @entity2 , apart from the inability to tandem walk. We believe that the typical clinical features, presence of a @entity1 and response to treatment support a paraneoplastic aetiology. CONCLUSIONS: We show that a @entity4 can be associated with adult onset @entity16 . Both neurologists and otorhinolaryngologists must be aware of such a presentation. @entity8 depends on early and adequate management of the @entity1 , therefore prompt identification of the syndrome and the underlying @entity1 is essential.

title: @entity16 associated with a XXXX in an adult: a case report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity16 is a rare @entity9 usually seen in @entity0 and very rarely in adults. It typically presents with a triad of @entity11 , @entity12 and @entity13 , and is most often associated with a @entity1 or after an @entity6 or vaccination. Around half of all adult cases are paraneoplastic in origin, and isolated case reports include associations with lung, @entity14 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first-ever reported case of paraneoplastic @entity16 occurring in association with a @entity4 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old British Caucasian @entity0 presented with left-sided @entity15 and subjective @entity7 . Over the coming weeks she developed subacute @entity10 and dizziness, leading to recurrent falls. Her clinical examination revealed @entity11 , @entity12 and signs of @entity3 . Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left-sided @entity4 , which was confirmed on biopsy. A tapering dose of @entity5 and a five-day course of intravenous immunoglobulins, followed by a combination of chemo-radiotherapy for the @entity4 , led to a significant clinical improvement. At six months follow-up she had no signs of focal @entity2 , apart from the inability to tandem walk. We believe that the typical clinical features, presence of a @entity1 and response to treatment support a paraneoplastic aetiology. CONCLUSIONS: We show that a @entity4 can be associated with adult onset @entity16 . Both neurologists and otorhinolaryngologists must be aware of such a presentation. @entity8 depends on early and adequate management of the @entity1 , therefore prompt identification of the syndrome and the underlying @entity1 is essential.

title: XXXX associated with a @entity1 in an adult: a case report.

answer: @entity16


abstract: At the Danish Veterinary Laboratory @entity16 infections in @entity10 were diagnosed in 114 cases in 1995 and in 151 cases in 1996. Isolates were serotyped using specific antisera against type 1 through 28 and a total of 67 cases from 1995 and 113 cases in 1996 were tested for resistance to 11 antimicrobial agents. The majority of cases were @entity4 (57%), followed by @entity3 (16%), @entity5 (15%) and @entity9 (8%). Almost 96% of the isolates could be typed using the 28 antisera. The most common serotype was serotype 2 (29%), followed by serotype 7 (17%), and serotypes 3, 4 and 8 (9-10%). The remaining serotypes were observed in frequencies of less than 5%. Serotype 7 was more commonly isolated from @entity3 than the other serotypes. Serotype 2 was more commonly isolated from @entity10 older than 4 weeks compared to the other serotypes. Most isolates were susceptible to @entity1 + @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity18 , @entity17 , @entity0 , @entity13 , @entity15 and @entity2 + @entity11 . A high frequency (> 30%) of resistance to @entity7 was observed. Among isolates of serotype 2, 9.7% were resistant to @entity12 and 12.9% to @entity14 . Among other serotypes 56.8% were resistant to @entity12 and @entity14 . The differences in susceptibility between isolates of serotype 2 and the other serotypes were statistically significant. Compared to a previous Danish study the distribution of serotypes of @entity16 causing infections among @entity10 in Denmark has changed during the last 15 years.

title: Serological characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of XXXX isolates from diagnostic samples in Denmark during 1995 and 1996.

answer: @entity16


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 mortality was studied in an urban area of Southeastern Brazil in the period from 1990 to 1992 using data from @entity3 certificates collected at the registry office, by the application of methods for obtaining a collective diagnosis which will assist in the identification and choice of strategies for the control of local problems. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The original data were corrected using documental research into health services and household interviews. Data of the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) was used to study variables such as maternal age and birthweight. The quality of original @entity3 certificates was initially analyzed using the amount of information, sensitivity, specificity and Kappa value. RESULTS: The global sensitivity for the underlying cause was 78.84% and Kappa 71.32% for the total of causes. One hundred and eighty-nine @entity3 occurred, 66.15% of them in the neonatal period, (41.28% during the first day of life) and 33.85% in late childhood. The birthweight of 58.28% of @entity3 was less than 2.500 g. The underlying causes of @entity3 were studied the by possibility, of their avoidance (a method developed by Erica Taucher), by a "reduced" group of causes (utilized in International Collaborative Effort (ICE)), multiple causes statistics and geographical distribution. It was observed that in the @entity3 occurring up to 27 days, 22.23% could have been avoided by adequate care during labour, and 20.64% could have been avoided by early diagnosis and early treatment, 13.75% by good pregnancy care and only 7.94% were unavoidable. Of the @entity3 occurring in late childhood, 12.17% were classified as of avoidable causes and 4.23% were considered as unavoidable. Using ICE groups, 58.74% died of @entity1 or @entity6 , 19.58 of @entity4 and 12.17% from @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that priority be given to obstetrical care at delivery and during labour and to the pediatric care of low birth weight, among others. The analysis using multiple causes statistics shows that 76.05% of the @entity3 have underlying causes related to @entity7 and confirms the relationship with the @entity5 of the newborn. The maternal complications were also related to @entity5 . Great differences were identified in @entity0 mortality rates in urban zones not only restricted to the value of the rates but also to the diseases responsible for the occurrence of @entity3 . We therefore conclude that there is an advantage to be gained in using the four methods, which are complementary, for studying or planning actions with a view to prevent @entity0 mortality.

title: [ XXXX mortality in a midwestern municipality of the State of S  o Paulo, Brazil, 1990 to 1992].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal management of @entity3 is not established. Options include surgical excision, endoscopic ablative techniques, snare excision, and observation with periodic biopsies. The aims of this retrospective study were to determine the safety and outcome of snare excision of the papilla. METHODS: Twenty-eight snare excisions of the papilla were performed in 26 @entity0 . Sixteen had @entity6 . In 22 procedures, a minisnare was used, and in 6 cases a prototype snare was designed for excision of the papilla. Pancreatic stents were placed as a prophylactic measure at the discretion of the endoscopist (n = 10). RESULTS: Histopathologically, resected tissue included 25 @entity3 , 1 inflammatory polyp, 1 invasive @entity1 . Immediate complications were @entity2 (n = 2), mild @entity4 (n = 4) and a duodenal perforation (n = 1). The presence (n = 10) or absence (n = 18) of a pancreatic stent did not correlate with subsequent @entity4 (2 in each group, p = NS). Follow-up was available for 21 @entity0 (median, 9 months; range, 2-32 months). @entity4 at the papillectomy site resulted in @entity4 in 2 @entity0 (17%) at, respectively, 4 months and 24 months. Follow-up endoscopy revealed recurrent/residual adenomatous tissue in 2 (10%). CONCLUSIONS: Snare excision of the major @entity7 was well tolerated. Most complications were mild except for a small duodenal perforation. @entity5 of the pancreatic duct orifice with @entity4 may be a late complication.

title: Safety and outcome of endoscopic snare excision of the major XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate indication, technical key during surgery and early results of humeral head replacement for the treatment of complicated proximal humerus @entity3 . METHODS: Sixteen @entity0 who received humeral head replacement were reviewed with a mean follow-up period of 6.8 months. Of the 16 @entity0 , 15 suffered acute @entity3 with the mean interval between injury and surgery being 8 days. 1 case was a malunion after ORIF 1 year ago. The mean age for these @entity0 were 58.9 years. @entity1 series X-rays were taken at post-operation 2-week, 6-week, 10-week, 16-week 6-month and the latest follow-up. SST (Simple Shoulder Test) questionnaire, ASES (American Shoulder _ Elbow Surgeon) score, Constant-Murley score and UCLA score had been adopted for evaluation at the latest follow-up. RESULTS: The mean ASES score was 89.1 (64 - 94); the mean VAS score was 2.7 (0 - 5); the mean forward flexion was 128.1 degrees (90 degrees - 150 degrees ), external rotation 35 degrees (30 degrees - 40 degrees ), internal rotation at T8-T9 level (L1-T6); the mean Constant-Murley score was 85.7 (53 - 95); the mean UCLA score was 30.4 (21 - 33); the mean number of questions for "yes" in SST questionnaire was 9.3 (7 - 11). The total satisfaction rate for @entity2 relief was 93.8% (15/16), and functional recovery was 87.5% (14/16). CONCLUSIONS: Through strict indication control, appropriate timing, meticulous surgical techniques and long intense rehabilitation, satisfactory results can be obtained in humeral head replacement for the treatment of complicated proximal humerus @entity3 . Our report is only a preliminary one on early results, and a long-term follow-up data is needed for further evaluation.

title: [Humeral head replacement for the complex treatment of proximal humerus XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The search for asymptomatic @entity3 is facilitated if the vaginal smears of the following categories of @entity0 are scrutinized with particular care: 1. Smears of postmenopausal @entity0 with excessive maturation of squamous cells of unexplained etiology. 2. Smears of any @entity0 in the 5th decade of life or older who has a history of @entity2 or staining. 3. Smears displaying evidence of marked @entity1 and histiocytes. 4. Smears of postmenopausal @entity0 containing endometrial cells whether appearing normal or abnormal. 5. Smears from premenopausal @entity0 containing endometrial cells 3 days after cessation of menstrual @entity2 , and certainly after the 12th day of cycle.

title: [Cytology of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: A multiple-dose administration study of @entity4 (0.5-50 mg/day after breakfast for 7 days) was conducted in 32 normal healthy postmenopausal Japanese @entity0 using a single-blind, 3-step dose-titration method in order to investigate the safety, effect on serum concentration, amount of urinary @entity2 excretion, and pharmacokinetics of the drug. Subjective/objective symptoms, in which a causal relationship with @entity4 administration could not be excluded, were as follows: @entity1 (8 cases: 1 each in the 0.5 and 25 mg groups, 2 in the 10 mg group and 4 in the 50 mg group), dizziness (2 cases: 1 each in the 0.5 and 25 mg groups), and fever (1 in the 25 mg group), all of which were mild and disappeared without treatment. The only abnormal laboratory findings were a mild increase in levels of GOT and @entity3 in 1 case and in the number of basophils in another case. There were no notable abnormal findings in vital signs, body weight or EKG. A dose-dependent decrease in serum @entity2 level was observed between doses of 0.5 mg and 25 mg. The decrease was maximal at 25 mg, at which serum @entity2 concentrations decreased to 14-27% of those observed at day 0. This decrease was maintained for one week, returning to baseline levels 2 weeks after the completion of drug administration. A similar result was also observed in the suppression of 24-hour urinary @entity2 excretion. @entity4 was absorbed immediately after initial administration, reaching Cmax 0.9-2.6 hours post-administration. This was followed by a rapid decrease over the next 4-8 hours followed by a gradual decrease Cmax reached normal steady state values on day 5. Cmax and AUC0-24 values taken between administration of the first and final doses increased proportionally in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that @entity4 has a linear pharmacokinetic profile. Furthermore, results of the comparison of the trough concentrations of the initial dose with those of the final dose suggested no accumulative effects of the study drug.

title: [Phase I multiple-dose administration study of XXXX in postmenopausal @entity0 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: A multiple-dose administration study of @entity4 (0.5-50 mg/day after breakfast for 7 days) was conducted in 32 normal healthy postmenopausal Japanese @entity0 using a single-blind, 3-step dose-titration method in order to investigate the safety, effect on serum concentration, amount of urinary @entity2 excretion, and pharmacokinetics of the drug. Subjective/objective symptoms, in which a causal relationship with @entity4 administration could not be excluded, were as follows: @entity1 (8 cases: 1 each in the 0.5 and 25 mg groups, 2 in the 10 mg group and 4 in the 50 mg group), dizziness (2 cases: 1 each in the 0.5 and 25 mg groups), and fever (1 in the 25 mg group), all of which were mild and disappeared without treatment. The only abnormal laboratory findings were a mild increase in levels of GOT and @entity3 in 1 case and in the number of basophils in another case. There were no notable abnormal findings in vital signs, body weight or EKG. A dose-dependent decrease in serum @entity2 level was observed between doses of 0.5 mg and 25 mg. The decrease was maximal at 25 mg, at which serum @entity2 concentrations decreased to 14-27% of those observed at day 0. This decrease was maintained for one week, returning to baseline levels 2 weeks after the completion of drug administration. A similar result was also observed in the suppression of 24-hour urinary @entity2 excretion. @entity4 was absorbed immediately after initial administration, reaching Cmax 0.9-2.6 hours post-administration. This was followed by a rapid decrease over the next 4-8 hours followed by a gradual decrease Cmax reached normal steady state values on day 5. Cmax and AUC0-24 values taken between administration of the first and final doses increased proportionally in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that @entity4 has a linear pharmacokinetic profile. Furthermore, results of the comparison of the trough concentrations of the initial dose with those of the final dose suggested no accumulative effects of the study drug.

title: [Phase I multiple-dose administration study of @entity4 in postmenopausal XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Many of the symptoms experienced by @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity3 ) develop insidiously and have often been misinterpreted as normal aging. The purpose of this study was to quantify @entity3 @entity0 ' preoperative symptoms prospectively and study the impact of successful surgical intervention on these symptoms. Altogether 63 consecutive @entity0 with primary @entity3 and 54 comparison @entity0 with nontoxic @entity2 were prospectively enrolled in the study. An outcome questionnaire documenting symptoms with a visual analog scale (VAS) was used. The questionnaire was filled out preoperatively and at 7 to 10 days and 3 and 12 months postoperatively. At 1 year the questionnaire also included a general health assessment and quality of life index. Demographic data and follow-up blood work was obtained. Descriptive statistics, parametric comparisons (t-tests, ANOVA), and nonparametric comparisons (Mann-Whitney U-test) were calculated. The @entity3 group demonstrated a significant decrease in reported symptoms between the preoperatively assessment and 7 to 10 days after operation (p < 0.001). There were no further statistically significant decreases in the @entity3 group's symptoms at 3 and 12 months, but there was a trend for these symptoms to decrease over time. @entity3 @entity0 perceived a 60% increase in their general health at 1 year; the comparison group perceived no increase. There was no significant change in the symptoms reported by the comparison group between each of the study intervals. Surgical intervention on @entity3 @entity0 significantly reduces preoperative symptoms, and this reduction is most marked within the first 10 days after surgery.

title: Prospective surgical outcome study of relief of symptoms following surgery in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Many of the symptoms experienced by @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity3 ) develop insidiously and have often been misinterpreted as normal aging. The purpose of this study was to quantify @entity3 @entity0 ' preoperative symptoms prospectively and study the impact of successful surgical intervention on these symptoms. Altogether 63 consecutive @entity0 with primary @entity3 and 54 comparison @entity0 with nontoxic @entity2 were prospectively enrolled in the study. An outcome questionnaire documenting symptoms with a visual analog scale (VAS) was used. The questionnaire was filled out preoperatively and at 7 to 10 days and 3 and 12 months postoperatively. At 1 year the questionnaire also included a general health assessment and quality of life index. Demographic data and follow-up blood work was obtained. Descriptive statistics, parametric comparisons (t-tests, ANOVA), and nonparametric comparisons (Mann-Whitney U-test) were calculated. The @entity3 group demonstrated a significant decrease in reported symptoms between the preoperatively assessment and 7 to 10 days after operation (p < 0.001). There were no further statistically significant decreases in the @entity3 group's symptoms at 3 and 12 months, but there was a trend for these symptoms to decrease over time. @entity3 @entity0 perceived a 60% increase in their general health at 1 year; the comparison group perceived no increase. There was no significant change in the symptoms reported by the comparison group between each of the study intervals. Surgical intervention on @entity3 @entity0 significantly reduces preoperative symptoms, and this reduction is most marked within the first 10 days after surgery.

title: Prospective surgical outcome study of relief of symptoms following surgery in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between lipid-rich cells of the @entity2 and precontrast computed tomographic (CT) attenuation numbers in three clinical groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five surgically resected @entity2 were used. The clinical diagnoses of the @entity0 included 13 cases of @entity4 , 15 cases of @entity3 , and 7 non-functioning @entity1 . The number of lipid-rich clear cells was counted using a microscopic eyepiece grid that contained 100 squares. The results were expressed as the percentages of lipid-rich areas. RESULTS: There was a strong inverse linear relationship between the percentage of lipid-rich cells and the precontrast CT attenuation number (R(2)=0.724, P<0.0001). There were significantly more lipid-rich cells in the @entity4 and @entity1 cases compared to cases of @entity3 (P=0.007 and 0.015, respectively). The CT attenuation numbers of the @entity4 cases were significantly lower than those of @entity3 (P=0.0052). Furthermore, the CT attenuation numbers of the @entity1 cases were lower than those of @entity3 cases. CONCLUSION: We showed that @entity2 in @entity4 and non-functioning @entity1 contain significantly more lipid-rich cells than those in @entity3 . They also showed significantly lower attenuation than that in @entity3 on CT scans. Our results suggest that precontrast CT attenuation numbers may be helpful in the differentiation of @entity2 from @entity5 , which include @entity1 .

title: XXXX : relationship between histologic lipid-rich cells and CT attenuation number.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a malignancy that has good prognosis especially among @entity0 up to 45 years of age; about half of the @entity0 are female and of childbearing age. Lymph node recurrence (LNR) occurs in 10%-14% of @entity0 but is considered to be associated with relatively good prognosis. The purpose of this study was to estimate the association between @entity0 age at primary operation, and the behavior of the disease after LNR. Between 1967 and 1994, 495 @entity0 underwent surgery for primary @entity2 at the Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital. There were 391 (79.0%) @entity0 and 104 (21.0%) @entity0 with a mean age of 44.5 years (range, 10.8-85.4 years). Fifty-eight @entity0 in whom LNR was the first clinical sign of persistent disease after complete clinical response to primary treatment were included in this series. At the time of primary operation, 37 (64.3%) of the 58 @entity0 who developed LNR were younger than 45 years of age and 21 @entity0 were older. The mean times to LNR in these groups were 42.0 months (range, 3.0-194.5 months) and 49.0 months (range, 3.6-209.0 months) respectively. @entity1 -specific 5-year survival after LNR was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] 88.8%-100.0%) in @entity0 ages up to 45 years and 61.1% (40.5%-82.8%) in older @entity0 ; 10-year survival rates were 100%, and 41.3% (p < 0.0001), respectively. Relative survival at 10 years was 98.6% for @entity0 ages up to 45 years and 42.6% for older @entity0 (p = 0.0014). Using the Cox model it was shown that development of LNR after primary treatment has an independent highly significant negative effect on survival (p < 0.001) in @entity0 over 45 years of age. Prognosis of @entity2 even after LNR on @entity0 ages up to 45 years at the time of the primary operation is almost parallel to the normal reference population, but in @entity0 over 45 years of age the prognosis is relatively poor.

title: Prognosis after lymph node recurrence in XXXX depends on age.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Tumor @entity1 factors ( @entity4 ; @entity2 and @entity4 ) are major pro-inflammatory cytokines that are thought to be important in the pathogenesis of @entity3 . However, the functions of genetic polymorphisms in these cytokines have not been thoroughly examined in the context of @entity3 pathology. In an effort to discover polymorphism(s) in genes whose variant(s) have been implicated in @entity3 phenotypes, we examined the genetic effects of @entity4 ( @entity2 and @entity4 ) polymorphisms on @entity3 and total serum IgE level. Seven common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in @entity4 genes were genotyped in a Korean @entity3 cohort (asthmatics n=550, normal controls n=171). Six common haplotypes could be constructed in the @entity4 gene cluster due to very strong LD between @entity2 and @entity4 , located 13 kb apart on chromosome 6p21. One SNP ( @entity2 @entity5 ) showed a significant association with the risk of @entity3 (P=0.0004). The frequency of @entity2 -308A allele-containing genotype in asthmatics (9.8%) was much lower than that in normal controls (22.9%). The protective effects of this polymorphism on @entity3 were also evident in separated subgroups by atopic status (P=0.05 in non-atopic subjects and P=0.003 in atopic subjects). The most common haplotype of the @entity4 gene ( @entity4 -ht1[GGTCCGG]) was associated with total serum IgE (immunoglobulin E) levels in @entity3 @entity0 , especially in non-atopic @entity0 (P=0.004). Genetic variants of @entity4 might be involved in development of @entity3 and total serum IgE level in @entity3 @entity0 . The results of this study could be helpful to understand the function of important @entity4 genes in @entity3 and IgE production.

title: Association of tumor XXXX factor polymorphisms with @entity3 and serum total IgE.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Tumor @entity1 factors ( @entity4 ; @entity2 and @entity4 ) are major pro-inflammatory cytokines that are thought to be important in the pathogenesis of @entity3 . However, the functions of genetic polymorphisms in these cytokines have not been thoroughly examined in the context of @entity3 pathology. In an effort to discover polymorphism(s) in genes whose variant(s) have been implicated in @entity3 phenotypes, we examined the genetic effects of @entity4 ( @entity2 and @entity4 ) polymorphisms on @entity3 and total serum IgE level. Seven common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in @entity4 genes were genotyped in a Korean @entity3 cohort (asthmatics n=550, normal controls n=171). Six common haplotypes could be constructed in the @entity4 gene cluster due to very strong LD between @entity2 and @entity4 , located 13 kb apart on chromosome 6p21. One SNP ( @entity2 @entity5 ) showed a significant association with the risk of @entity3 (P=0.0004). The frequency of @entity2 -308A allele-containing genotype in asthmatics (9.8%) was much lower than that in normal controls (22.9%). The protective effects of this polymorphism on @entity3 were also evident in separated subgroups by atopic status (P=0.05 in non-atopic subjects and P=0.003 in atopic subjects). The most common haplotype of the @entity4 gene ( @entity4 -ht1[GGTCCGG]) was associated with total serum IgE (immunoglobulin E) levels in @entity3 @entity0 , especially in non-atopic @entity0 (P=0.004). Genetic variants of @entity4 might be involved in development of @entity3 and total serum IgE level in @entity3 @entity0 . The results of this study could be helpful to understand the function of important @entity4 genes in @entity3 and IgE production.

title: Association of tumor @entity1 factor polymorphisms with XXXX and serum total IgE.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Previously, we reported finding duplicated fixNOQP operons in @entity2 . One of these duplicated operons is located in the symbiotic plasmid (fixNOQPd), while the other is located in a cryptic plasmid (fixNOQPf). Although a novel FixL-FixKf regulatory cascade participates in microaerobic expression of both fixNOQP duplicated operons, we found that a mutation in fixL eliminates fixNOQPf expression but has only a moderate effect on expression of fixNOQPd. This suggests that there are differential regulatory controls. Interestingly, only the fixNOQPd operon was essential for symbiotic @entity1 fixation (L. Girard, S. Brom, A. D  valos, O. Lopez, M. Sober  n, and D. Romero, Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 13:1283-1292, 2000). Searching for potential candidates responsible for the differential expression, we characterized two fnrN homologs (encoding transcriptional activators of the cyclic @entity0 receptor protein [CRP]-Fnr family) in @entity2 . One of these genes (fnrNd) is located on the symbiotic plasmid, while the other (fnrNchr) is located on the chromosome. Analysis of the expression of the fnrN genes using transcriptional fusions with lacZ showed that the two fnrN genes are differentially regulated, since only fnrNd is expressed in microaerobic cultures of the wild-type strain while fnrNchr is negatively controlled by FixL. Mutagenesis of the two fnrN genes showed that both genes participate, in conjunction with FixL-FixKf, in the microaerobic induction of the fixNOQPd operon. Participation of these genes is also seen during the symbiotic process, in which mutations in fnrNd and fnrNchr, either singly or in combination, lead to reductions in @entity1 fixation. Therefore, @entity3 employs a regulatory circuit for induction of the fixNOQPd operon that involves at least three transcriptional regulators of the CRP-Fnr family. This regulatory circuit may be important for ensuring optimal production of the cbb(3), terminal oxidase during symbiosis.

title: Regulation of gene expression in response to oxygen in @entity3 : role of FnrN in fixNOQP expression and in symbiotic XXXX fixation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previously, we reported finding duplicated fixNOQP operons in @entity2 . One of these duplicated operons is located in the symbiotic plasmid (fixNOQPd), while the other is located in a cryptic plasmid (fixNOQPf). Although a novel FixL-FixKf regulatory cascade participates in microaerobic expression of both fixNOQP duplicated operons, we found that a mutation in fixL eliminates fixNOQPf expression but has only a moderate effect on expression of fixNOQPd. This suggests that there are differential regulatory controls. Interestingly, only the fixNOQPd operon was essential for symbiotic @entity1 fixation (L. Girard, S. Brom, A. D  valos, O. Lopez, M. Sober  n, and D. Romero, Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 13:1283-1292, 2000). Searching for potential candidates responsible for the differential expression, we characterized two fnrN homologs (encoding transcriptional activators of the cyclic @entity0 receptor protein [CRP]-Fnr family) in @entity2 . One of these genes (fnrNd) is located on the symbiotic plasmid, while the other (fnrNchr) is located on the chromosome. Analysis of the expression of the fnrN genes using transcriptional fusions with lacZ showed that the two fnrN genes are differentially regulated, since only fnrNd is expressed in microaerobic cultures of the wild-type strain while fnrNchr is negatively controlled by FixL. Mutagenesis of the two fnrN genes showed that both genes participate, in conjunction with FixL-FixKf, in the microaerobic induction of the fixNOQPd operon. Participation of these genes is also seen during the symbiotic process, in which mutations in fnrNd and fnrNchr, either singly or in combination, lead to reductions in @entity1 fixation. Therefore, @entity3 employs a regulatory circuit for induction of the fixNOQPd operon that involves at least three transcriptional regulators of the CRP-Fnr family. This regulatory circuit may be important for ensuring optimal production of the cbb(3), terminal oxidase during symbiosis.

title: Regulation of gene expression in response to oxygen in XXXX : role of FnrN in fixNOQP expression and in symbiotic @entity1 fixation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 has multiple homologues of most of the @entity0 chemotaxis genes, organized in three major operons and other, unlinked, loci. These include cheA(1) and cheR(1) (che Op(1)) and cheA(2), cheR(2), and cheB(1) (che Op(2)). In-frame deletions of these cheR and cheB homologues were constructed and the chemosensory behaviour of the resultant mutants examined on swarm plates and in tethered cell assays. Under the conditions tested, CheR(2) and CheB(1) were essential for normal chemotaxis, whereas CheR(1) was not. cheR(2) and cheB(1), but not cheR(1), were also able to complement the equivalent @entity0 mutants. However, none of the proteins were required for the correct polar localization of the chemoreceptor McpG in @entity4 . In @entity0 , CheR binds to the NWETF motif on the high-abundance receptors, allowing methylation of both high- and low-abundance receptors. This motif is not contained on any @entity4 chemoreceptors thus far identified, although 2 of the 13 putative chemoreceptors, McpA and TlpT, do have similar sequences. This suggests that CheR(2) either interacts with the NWETF motif of @entity0 @entity3 -accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), even though its native motif may be slightly different, or with another conserved region of the MCPs. @entity1 release measurements show that @entity4 has an adaptation system that is different from that of @entity2 and @entity0 , with @entity1 release measurable on the addition of attractant but not on its removal. Intriguingly, CheA(2), but not CheA(1), is able to phosphorylate CheB(1), suggesting that signaling through CheA(1) cannot initiate feedback receptor adaptation via CheB(1)-P.

title: CheR- and CheB-dependent chemosensory adaptation system of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 uses starch as a source of @entity1 and energy. Early steps in the pathway of starch utilization, such as starch binding and starch hydrolysis, are encoded by sus genes, which have been characterized previously. The sus structural genes are expressed only if cells are grown in medium containing @entity3 or higher oligomers of @entity0 . Regulation of the sus structural genes is mediated by SusR, an activator that is encoded by a gene located next to the sus structural genes. A strain with a disruption in susR cannot grow on starch but can still grow on @entity3 and @entity4 . A search for transposon-generated mutants that could not grow on @entity3 and @entity4 unexpectedly located a gene, designated malR, which regulates expression of an alpha-glucosidase not controlled by SusR. Although a disruption in susR did not affect expression of the malR controlled gene, a disruption in malR reduced expression of the sus structural genes. Thus, MalR appears to participate with SusR in regulation of the sus genes. Results of transcriptional fusion assays and reverse transcription-PCR experiments showed that malR is expressed constitutively. Moreover, multiple copies of malR provided on a plasmid (5 to 10 copies per cell) more than doubled the amount of alpha-glucosidase activity in cell extracts. Our results demonstrate that the starch utilization system of @entity2 is controlled on at least two levels by the regulatory proteins SusR and MalR.

title: New regulatory gene that contributes to control of XXXX starch utilization genes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sequencing of the @entity0 genome has revealed that there are "silent" homologues of many important genes-family members that were not detected by classic genetic approaches. Why have so many homologues been conserved during evolution? Perhaps each one has a different but important function in every system. Perhaps each one works independently in a different part of the body. Or, perhaps some are redundant. Here, we take one well known gene family and analyze how the individual members contribute to the making of one system, the tracheae. There are seven DWnt genes in the @entity0 genome, including wingless (wg). The wg gene helps to pattern the developing @entity1 but is not responsible for all Wnt functions there. We test each one of the seven DWnts in several ways and find evidence that wg and @entity2 can function in the developing @entity1 : when both genes are removed together, the phenotype is identical or very similar to that observed when the Wnt pathway is shut down. @entity2 is expressed near the tracheal cells in the embryo in a different pattern to wg but is also transduced through the canonical Wnt pathway. We find that the seven DWnt genes vary in their effectiveness in specific tissues, such as the tracheae, and, moreover, the epidermis and the tracheae respond to @entity2 and Wg differently. We suggest that the main advantage of retaining a number of similar genes is that it allows more subtle forms of control and more flexibility during evolution.

title: Seven Wnt homologues in XXXX : a case study of the developing tracheae.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Identification of @entity0 with @entity2 is the first step in identifying which @entity0 may benefit from clinical practice guidelines. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a computerized tool using clinical information that is commonly available to identify @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of @entity0 seen in a Department of Veterans Affairs General Internal Medicine Clinic who had echocardiography or radionuclide ventriculography performed as part of their clinical care. RESULTS: We identified 2246 subjects who had at least one cardiac imaging study. A total of 778 (34.6%) subjects met study criteria for @entity2 . Subjects with @entity2 were slightly older than subjects without @entity2 (70 years vs 68 years, P =.00002) but were similar with regard to sex and race. Subjects with @entity2 were more likely to have prescriptions for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) inhibitors, @entity4 , digoxin, loop diuretics, @entity5 , @entity6 , and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Of the variables included in the final predictive model, @entity3 inhibitors, loop diuretics, and @entity7 exerted the greatest predictive power. Discriminant analysis demonstrated that models containing pharmacy information were consistently more accurate (75% accurate [65% sensitivity, 81% specificity]) than those models that contained only International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9), codes, including ICD-9 codes for @entity1 (72% accurate [80% sensitivity, 68% specificity]). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that an automated, computer-driven algorithm identifying @entity2 permits simple, rapid, and timely identification of @entity0 with @entity1 by use of only routinely collected data. Future research is needed to develop accurate electronic identification of @entity1 and other common chronic conditions.

title: Comparing methods to identify general internal medicine clinic @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Identification of @entity0 with @entity2 is the first step in identifying which @entity0 may benefit from clinical practice guidelines. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a computerized tool using clinical information that is commonly available to identify @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of @entity0 seen in a Department of Veterans Affairs General Internal Medicine Clinic who had echocardiography or radionuclide ventriculography performed as part of their clinical care. RESULTS: We identified 2246 subjects who had at least one cardiac imaging study. A total of 778 (34.6%) subjects met study criteria for @entity2 . Subjects with @entity2 were slightly older than subjects without @entity2 (70 years vs 68 years, P =.00002) but were similar with regard to sex and race. Subjects with @entity2 were more likely to have prescriptions for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) inhibitors, @entity4 , digoxin, loop diuretics, @entity5 , @entity6 , and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Of the variables included in the final predictive model, @entity3 inhibitors, loop diuretics, and @entity7 exerted the greatest predictive power. Discriminant analysis demonstrated that models containing pharmacy information were consistently more accurate (75% accurate [65% sensitivity, 81% specificity]) than those models that contained only International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9), codes, including ICD-9 codes for @entity1 (72% accurate [80% sensitivity, 68% specificity]). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that an automated, computer-driven algorithm identifying @entity2 permits simple, rapid, and timely identification of @entity0 with @entity1 by use of only routinely collected data. Future research is needed to develop accurate electronic identification of @entity1 and other common chronic conditions.

title: Comparing methods to identify general internal medicine clinic XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only a few cases of @entity2 have been reported. Whether the eustachian valve is an uncommon site for a vegetation to be attached or whether the disease is missed because a systematic approach to this valve is not routinely performed in the search for @entity1 is not known. METHODS: Every @entity0 suspected of having @entity4 undergoes a specific approach, which includes a systematic study of the eustachian valve. In 10 @entity0 with large valves but without signs and symptoms of @entity4 , we identified 2 specific findings: width <3 mm and a regular oscillating movement. A blinded evaluation in the 10 control subjects and 30 @entity0 with right-sided @entity4 , including the 5 with @entity2 , showed an agreement of 97% (39/40). RESULTS: Five of 152 @entity0 with right-sided @entity4 were found to have @entity2 (3.3%). @entity0 were young (age range 22-34 years) and all had predisposing factors (3 intravenous drug abusers, 2 central venous lines), fever, and @entity5 . @entity3 was cultured in all cases. Tricuspid involvement was found in 4 @entity0 , and only 1 @entity0 had isolated @entity2 . All @entity0 did well with culture-guided antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity2 may be more frequent than is believed. Thus a systematic interrogation of the eustachian valve should be included in the echocardiographic examination of a @entity0 suspected of having @entity4 .

title: XXXX : Is it worth searching for?

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative risks and advantages of using external jugular vein (EJV) patch, compared with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) patch, during carotid endarterectomy. The primary end point was the relevant neurologic complication rate (RNCR; fatal or disabling @entity1 ) at any time during follow-up. Secondary end points included @entity1 -free survival, 30-day and long-term mortality, recurrent @entity5 rate (> or =50%), occlusion, @entity2 , @entity3 formation, and other local complications. METHODS: The study, a prospective randomized clinical trial carried out at a single center, was divided into two 3-year phases: December 1996 to March 1999, when @entity0 were enrolled, and March 1999 to March 2002, which was the follow-up period. Inclusion criteria included an external jugular vein suitable for patching, defined as vein diameter 3 mm or larger and absence of collateral vessels noted on preoperative color duplex ultrasound scans. @entity0 were prospectively randomized 1:1 to receive either the EJV (n = 80; group A) or synthetic (n = 80; group B) patch. RESULTS: Carotid endarterectomy and patching was performed by one surgeon. At 30 months the RNCR-free rate, analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method, was 98.7% for group A (1 ipsilateral @entity1 ) and 94.6% for group B (4 ipsilateral disabling @entity1 ), and remained stable to 60 months. No statistical difference was observed with the log-rank test. @entity1 -free survival rate was 100% for group A and 98.7% for group B at 1 year, 98.7% for group A and 93.6% for group B (1 ipsilateral @entity1 ) at 30 months, and was unchanged at 60 months. Life table analysis demonstrated freedom from significant recurrent @entity5 (> or =50%) of 97.5% for both groups at 6 months, 93.6% for group A and 92.2% for group B at 30 months, and 90.2% for group A and 86.7% for group B at 60 months. No statistical difference was observed with the log-rank test. In no @entity0 was recurrent @entity5 greater than 70%. No @entity3 formation was noted during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude, with the power limitation of the study, that carotid endarterectomy can be safely performed with either the EJV or @entity4 patch. Advantages of the EJV for carotid angioplasty include no cost for material, low risk for graft infection, and preservation of the saphenous vein.

title: Prospective, randomized study of external jugular vein patch versus XXXX patch during carotid endarterectomy: perioperative and long-term results.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether prenatal sonographic findings in fetuses with @entity4 can predict ambulatory potential and the need for postnatal shunt placement. STUDY DESIGN: Ongoing pregnancies complicated by isolated @entity4 from January 1996 to March 2000 were studied retrospectively. Static images and reports generated every 3-4 weeks from diagnosis until delivery were reviewed for lesion level and type, ventricular width, and lower extremity appearance. Operative summaries as well as neonatal and pediatric charts were reviewed. Ambulatory was defined in @entity0 > or =2 years old as walking with or without appliances. In those <2 years of age, ambulatory was defined as at least 4/5 lower extremity muscle strength. RESULTS: Thirty-three cases of isolated @entity4 were identified. Lower (more caudal) lesion levels and smaller ventricular size were associated with ambulatory status in univariate analyses (P <.001, P =.003, respectively). No @entity0 with a @entity2 was ambulatory (n = 11); all had @entity1 diagnosed prenatally and all required shunt placement. In contrast, all @entity0 with L4-sacral lesions (n = 10) were ambulatory, and 60% had @entity1 diagnosed prenatally. Of @entity0 with L1-L3 lesions (n = 12), 50% were ambulatory. In this group, ambulatory potential could not be determined by the presence of @entity1 , ventricular size, or the presence of @entity3 . In the entire cohort, no @entity0 with a myeloschisis was ambulatory, and all @entity0 except one with a sacral lesion required postnatal shunt placement. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographic determination of lesion level and type is useful in predicting the ambulatory potential of fetuses with @entity4 .

title: Can prenatal ultrasound findings predict ambulatory status in fetuses with XXXX ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of @entity5 as a cause of @entity6 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A population-based, case-control study was conducted in Central and North Auckland, New Zealand. Cases comprised 241 @entity0 aged 40 to 99 years and on the electoral roll, with current @entity6 (all types). Cases were identified by means of notification from health professionals and by self-referral. Controls were 224 @entity0 in the same age group, without @entity6 , who were selected from the electoral roll by using a stratified random sampling process. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The occurrence of leg @entity4 as a consequence of exposure to @entity5 or being at high risk of @entity5 (that is, @entity0 with a family history of @entity5 , and/or a history of @entity2 and/or hip, leg, or foot surgery). RESULTS: After adjustment for age, sex, and other potential confounding factors, @entity0 who had a diagnosed @entity3 were at almost three times higher risk of having a leg @entity4 (odds ratio, 2.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.47 to 6.08). In addition, @entity0 who had been at high risk of a @entity1 but were not diagnosed with this condition (eg, @entity0 with a history of major leg surgery) were also at increased risk of @entity4 (odds ratio, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.49-3.42). Overall, 56% (95% CI, 33% - 71%) of @entity6 were attributed to being at high risk of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and factors that place @entity0 at high risk of @entity5 are an important cause of @entity6 in older @entity0 . This finding strengthens the rationale for the routine and long-term use of thromboprophylaxis, particularly in high-risk @entity0 .

title: Leg XXXX as a long-term complication of @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of @entity5 as a cause of @entity6 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A population-based, case-control study was conducted in Central and North Auckland, New Zealand. Cases comprised 241 @entity0 aged 40 to 99 years and on the electoral roll, with current @entity6 (all types). Cases were identified by means of notification from health professionals and by self-referral. Controls were 224 @entity0 in the same age group, without @entity6 , who were selected from the electoral roll by using a stratified random sampling process. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The occurrence of leg @entity4 as a consequence of exposure to @entity5 or being at high risk of @entity5 (that is, @entity0 with a family history of @entity5 , and/or a history of @entity2 and/or hip, leg, or foot surgery). RESULTS: After adjustment for age, sex, and other potential confounding factors, @entity0 who had a diagnosed @entity3 were at almost three times higher risk of having a leg @entity4 (odds ratio, 2.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.47 to 6.08). In addition, @entity0 who had been at high risk of a @entity1 but were not diagnosed with this condition (eg, @entity0 with a history of major leg surgery) were also at increased risk of @entity4 (odds ratio, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.49-3.42). Overall, 56% (95% CI, 33% - 71%) of @entity6 were attributed to being at high risk of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and factors that place @entity0 at high risk of @entity5 are an important cause of @entity6 in older @entity0 . This finding strengthens the rationale for the routine and long-term use of thromboprophylaxis, particularly in high-risk @entity0 .

title: Leg @entity4 as a long-term complication of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Several expert committees recommend a high fluid intake in @entity0 with chronic @entity7 and @entity2 . Is there a relationship between fluid intake or hydration status and @entity1 like @entity7 and @entity2 ? First, basic physiologic mechanisms like regulation of lung fluid balance and water transport at pulmonary surfaces were analyzed, in order to characterize the role of local hydration status in lung and airways. Second, making use of the computer-based literature searches (PubMed), evidence for a role of hydration status in complex physiological and pathophysiological conditions of lungs and airways like perinatal lung adaptation (PLA) (in prematures), mucociliary clearance(MC) and @entity2 was categorized. The movement of fluid between the airspaces, interstitium, and vascular compartments in the lungs plays an important physiological role in the maintenance of hydration and protection of the lung epithelium and significantly contributes to a proper airway clearance. PLA is characterized by a rapid change from fluid secretion to fluid absorption in the distal respiratory tract, with the literature data confirming a critical role of the epithelial sodium channel. Only few studies have investigated the effect of different fluid input regimens on @entity5 in prematures. MC relies on the interaction between epithelial water fluxes, mucus secretions, and ciliary activity. Whereas animal data show that drying of the airway epithelium decreases MC, few clinical studies investigating the effect of local or systemic hydration on MC have led to ambiguous results. Asthma (A) is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and episodic @entity4 . Data in animals and @entity0 indicate an association between exercise-induced-A and conditioning (humidity and heat exchange) of inspired air. However, epidemiological studies ( @entity0 and adults), investigating the role of fluid (and salt) input in the etiology of the disease as well as studies analyzing different markers of hydration status during @entity3 attacks have so far led to conflicting results. Some expert groups recommend sufficient hydration as a complementary A-therapy. Analysis of basic physiological mechanisms in lungs and airways clearly demonstrates a critical role for water transport and local hydration status. In @entity1 , however, analysis of the complex pathophysiological mechanisms is difficult. Thus, we still need more studies to confirm or refute mild @entity6 as a risk factor of @entity1 .

title: Mild dehydration: a risk factor of XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate and quantify fetal risks involved in the administration of @entity1 chemotherapy during gestation, as well as to assess the long-term effects on the exposed @entity0 . In this retrospective, cohort study, we reviewed the records of @entity0 aged 15 to 45 years with a diagnosis of @entity1 with malignant behavior at three reference services in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 1990 to 1997. All @entity0 with a diagnosis of pregnancy at any time during the course of the disease were selected, regardless of whether or not they received specific medication. Fetal outcomes of 14 pregnancies with chemotherapy exposure were compared to that of 15 control pregnancies in which these drugs were not used. Long-term follow-up of the exposed @entity0 was carried out. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the groups. Continuous variables were compared by the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. We found an increased rate of prematurity (6/8 vs 2/10; RR: 3.75; CI: 1.02-13.8; P = 0.03) in the exposed group. There was a trend to an @entity3 rate (4/12 vs 0/10; P = 0.07) in the group exposed to chemotherapy. No @entity2 were detected in any @entity0 , which can be related to our small sample size as well as to the fact that most exposures occurred after the first trimester of pregnancy. Other larger, controlled studies are needed to establish the actual risk related to @entity1 chemotherapy during pregnancy.

title: Assessment of fetal risk associated with exposure to XXXX chemotherapy during pregnancy: a multicenter study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosing @entity2 on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) can be challenging due to variable cellularity and lack of architecture. Ancillary studies often are required for diagnosis. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is characterized by a monoclonal B-cell proliferation with coexpression of @entity5 / @entity7 and a t(14;18)(q32;q21) reciprocal translocation, resulting in the immunoglobulin heavy chain/ @entity0 fusion gene. These features also can be found, with much lower frequency, in diffuse large @entity6 (DLBCL) of follicle center cell origin. The objective of the current study was to compare the accuracy in detecting @entity1 and DLBCL of follicle center cell origin by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) versus flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCM) on FNAs. METHODS: Concurrent testing by FISH for t(14;18)(q32;q21) and FCM was performed on 84 FNAs, including 40 FLs and 44 non-FLs (de novo DLBCLs, @entity4 , @entity3 / @entity3 [SLLs/CLLs], small @entity6 , and @entity8 ). The final diagnosis was rendered based on the combined information from cytomorphology, FCM, FISH, immunocytochemical staining for Ki-67, monoclonality for kappa and lambda light chains, and, if available, corresponding tissue biopsy, cytogenetic analysis, and polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: Among 40 FLs, FISH produced positive results for the t(14;18) translocation in 85.0%, negative results in 7.5%, and insufficient results in 7.5%; whereas, with FCM, 75% of cases exhibited a @entity5 -positive ( @entity5 +)/ @entity7 + population (28 monoclonal, 2 nonclonal), 12.5% of cases exhibited a @entity5 +/ @entity7 -negative population (3 monoclonal, 2 nonclonal), and 12.5% of cases were insufficient. All of nonclonal results from FCM and all of the insufficient results from FCM analysis exhibited unequivocal t(14;18) translocation by FISH. In contrast, the three negative results and the three insufficient results from FISH were monoclonal and @entity5 +/ @entity7 + on FCM. The results from FISH and FCM were concordant in 75% cases. Of 44 non-FLs, FISH produced positive results for the t(14;18) translocation in 5 DLBCLs and 2 SLLs/CLLs. The latter showed single fusion signals just above the cutoff level. All cases in the non- @entity1 group that failed to show clonality or had insufficient results from FCM were DLBCLs. Among 17 DLBCLs, FISH detected a t(14;18) translocation in 29.4%, whereas FCM demonstrated a @entity5 +/ @entity7 + population in 23.5%. CONCLUSIONS: I-FISH for the t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation provided high overall accuracy in detecting FLs on FNAs. This test can be used for diagnosing or monitoring @entity1 on FNAs when cellularity is limited or when FCM results are noncontributory. For detecting a follicle center cell origin in DLBCLs, I-FISH for the t(14;18) translocation appeared to be slightly more sensitive than FCM for the @entity5 +/ @entity7 + immunophenotype.

title: Evaluation of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization for the t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation in the diagnosis of XXXX on fine-needle aspirates: a comparison with flow cytometry immunophenotyping.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Three hundred cases of invasive @entity0 from the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria were subjected to evaluation of proliferative activity by mitotic counts. The prognostic significance and association with other prognostic factors were evaluated. The mitotic activity was expressed as mitotic activity index (MAI), and standardized mitotic index (SMI). Pearson's correlation and univariate and multivariate Cox's regression were used. The mean follow-up time was 25.9 months. The mean values of SMI and MAI were 42.6 mitotic figures per square millimeter and 30.5 mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields, respectively, and these were much higher than values reported for Europe or other Western countries. The SMI had a positive correlation with @entity2 size (r = 0.31, P <.0001), histologic grade (r = 0.68, P <.0001), nuclear area (r = 0.45, P <.0001), and negative correlation with fraction of @entity3 ( @entity3 ; r = -0.56, P = <0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the mitotic activity between the postmenopausal and the premenopausal @entity1 . Also, lymph node-positive @entity1 had higher counts than did lymph node-negative @entity1 . Earlier determined grading associated decision thresholds divided the @entity1 into groups of favorable and unfavorable prognosis. However, the statistically optimal thresholds for Nigerian material were different (32 and 92 mitotic figures per square millimeter for SMI). @entity2 size of 5 cm, SMI, and MAI were independent prognostic factors. Nigerian @entity0 are high-grade, high-stage, and high-proliferating @entity2 occurring in a younger population than those of the Western countries. Proliferation is also more active. Evaluation of SMI or MAI can improve the distinction between aggressive and @entity0 .

title: Proliferation in African @entity0 : biology and prognostication in nigerian XXXX material.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Three hundred cases of invasive @entity0 from the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria were subjected to evaluation of proliferative activity by mitotic counts. The prognostic significance and association with other prognostic factors were evaluated. The mitotic activity was expressed as mitotic activity index (MAI), and standardized mitotic index (SMI). Pearson's correlation and univariate and multivariate Cox's regression were used. The mean follow-up time was 25.9 months. The mean values of SMI and MAI were 42.6 mitotic figures per square millimeter and 30.5 mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields, respectively, and these were much higher than values reported for Europe or other Western countries. The SMI had a positive correlation with @entity2 size (r = 0.31, P <.0001), histologic grade (r = 0.68, P <.0001), nuclear area (r = 0.45, P <.0001), and negative correlation with fraction of @entity3 ( @entity3 ; r = -0.56, P = <0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the mitotic activity between the postmenopausal and the premenopausal @entity1 . Also, lymph node-positive @entity1 had higher counts than did lymph node-negative @entity1 . Earlier determined grading associated decision thresholds divided the @entity1 into groups of favorable and unfavorable prognosis. However, the statistically optimal thresholds for Nigerian material were different (32 and 92 mitotic figures per square millimeter for SMI). @entity2 size of 5 cm, SMI, and MAI were independent prognostic factors. Nigerian @entity0 are high-grade, high-stage, and high-proliferating @entity2 occurring in a younger population than those of the Western countries. Proliferation is also more active. Evaluation of SMI or MAI can improve the distinction between aggressive and @entity0 .

title: Proliferation in African XXXX : biology and prognostication in nigerian @entity0 material.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Hydrolyzed gluten could be a suitable alternative to animal proteins in the wine clarification process, but the residual proteins could constitute a risk for subjects suffering from @entity3 or @entity2 to cereals. The aim of this study was to investigate possible traces of gluten in treated wine and to assess its antigenicity in commercial products. The presence of gluten in treated wine was evaluated by an electrophoretic method [ @entity5 - @entity4 gel electrophoresis ( @entity1 -PAGE)] and its immunoreactivity was evaluated by immunoblotting. No traces of protein were found in untreated samples. A small quantity of protein was detected in treated wine but this produced no significant immunochemical reaction. In an experimental clarification process, a protein fraction was detectable in untreated samples and in the first stages of the clarification process. However, there was no significant gluten-associated immunochemical reaction in clarified wine samples, confirming strong binding between the clarifying agent and the phenolic fraction. In conclusion, the clarifying process strongly reduced the amount of protein material, at least in red wines. Under the most restrictive tests of the presence of gluten in the product, the predictable residue of gluten in wine was safe for celiac subjects. For allergic subjects the data are less conclusive because there is no known limit for @entity0 , but clear labeling of the method of treating the wine should also protect this group of consumers.

title: Evaluation by XXXX -Page and immunoblotting of residual antigenicity in gluten-treated wine: a preliminary study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: By sequencing the DNA regions which flank the intG gene encoding integrase of the temperate @entity3 (Lb.) gasseri @entity4 , a continuous sequence of 6590 bp was established. It encompasses five newly identified ORFs, of which four are located upstream, and one (orfC) downstream of intG. Proteins corresponding to the expected products of the intG upstream coding regions, orfA (33 kDa), orf2 (14 kDa), rad (12.1 kDa), and tec (7.9 kDa), were identified by in vitro expression of subcloned DNA fragments. Rad shares homology with transcription regulators, including SinR of Bacillus species and the repressor of @entity2 . The gporf2 is similar to predicted products of topologically equivalent coding regions of the @entity1 phage TP901-1 and the @entity0 phage @entity2 . Promoters for the divergently oriented rad and tec genes were mapped within the 435-bp region between them and specify overlapping transcripts with extended 5'-untranslated sequences. As shown with lacZ fusions, Rad repressed transcription from the tec and rad promoters 20- and 5-fold, respectively. In Lb. gasseri, weak expression of cloned rad ws sufficient to mediate immunity towards phiadh.

title: Structure of a genome region of the XXXX temperate phage phiadh covering a repressor gene and cognate promoters.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 pituitary extract (EPE) has been reported to induce heightened follicular development in mares, but the response is inconsistent and lower than results obtained in ruminants undergoing standard superovulatory protocols. Three separate experiments were conducted to improve the ovarian response to EPE by evaluating: (1) effect of increasing the frequency or dose of EPE treatment; (2) use of a potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist ( @entity0 -a) prior to EPE stimulation; (3) administration of EPE twice daily in successively decreasing doses. In the first experiment, 50 mares were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Mares received (1) 25 mg EPE once daily; (2) 50 mg EPE once daily; (3) 12.5 mg EPE twice daily; or (4) 25 mg EPE twice daily. All mares began EPE treatment 5 days after detection of ovulation and received a single dose of @entity2 7 days postovulation. EPE was discontinued once half of a cohort of follicles reached a diameter of >35 mm and hCG was administered. Mares receiving 50 mg of EPE once daily developed a greater number (P = 0.008) of preovulatory follicles than the remaining groups of EPE-treated mares, and more (P = 0.06) ovulations were detected for mares receiving 25 mg EPE twice daily compared to those receiving either 25 mg EPE once daily and 12.5 mg EPE twice daily. Embryo recovery per mare was greater (P = 0.05) in the mares that received 12.5 mg EPE twice daily than those that received 25 mg EPE once daily. In Experiment 2, 20 randomly selected mares received either 25 mg EPE twice daily beginning 5 days after a spontaneous ovulation, or two doses of a @entity0 -a agonist upon detection of a follicle >35 mm and 25 mg EPE twice daily beginning 5 days after ovulation. Twenty-four hours after administration of hCG, oocytes were recovered by transvaginal aspiration from all follicles >35 mm. No differences were observed between groups in the numbers of preovulatory follicles generated (P = 0.54) and oocytes recovered (P = 0.40) per mare. In Experiment 3, 18 mares were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Then, 6-11 days after ovulation, mares were administered a dose of PGF2, and concomitantly began twice-daily treatments with EPE given in successively declining doses, or a dose of PGF2alpha, but no EPE treatment. Mares administered EPE developed a higher (P = 0.0004) number of follicles > or = 35 mm, experienced more (P = 0.02) ovulations, and yielded a greater (P = 0.0006) number of embryos than untreated mares. In summary, doubling the dose of EPE generated a greater ovarian response, while increasing the frequency of treatment, but not necessarily the dose, improved embryo collection. Additionally, pretreatment with a @entity0 -a prior to ovarian stimulation did not enhance the response to EPE or oocyte recovery rates.

title: Strategies to improve the ovarian response to XXXX pituitary extract in cyclic mares.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is limited available research measuring the cost-effectiveness of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), compared with best medical treatment/conventional @entity1 therapy ( @entity3 ). The purpose of this study was to tabulate the actual costs (in Canadian dollars) for a consecutive series of @entity0 treated with @entity2 in a constant health care delivery environment and to compare the costs with those for a control group treated in the same controlled environment. METHODS: We present a consecutive series of 104 @entity0 with @entity4 . Within this group, 60 @entity0 underwent @entity2 electrode implantation, whereas 44 @entity0 were designated as control subjects. We monitored these @entity0 for a 5-year period and tabulated the actual costs incurred in diagnostic imaging, professional fees paid to physicians, implantation (including the costs for hardware), nursing visits for maintenance of the stimulators, physiotherapy, chiropractic treatments, massage therapy, and hospitalization for treatment of @entity1 . From these data, the cumulative costs for each group were calculated for a 5-year period. An analysis of Oswestry questionnaire results was also performed, to evaluate the effects of treatment on the quality of life. RESULTS: The actual mean cumulative cost for @entity2 therapy for a 5-year period was  29,123/ @entity0 , compared with  38,029 for @entity3 . The cost of treatment for the @entity2 group was greater than that for the @entity3 group in the first 2.5 years. The costs of treating @entity0 with @entity2 became less than those for @entity3 after that period and remained so during the rest of the follow-up period. In addition, 15% of @entity2 -treated @entity0 were able to return to employment, because of superior @entity1 control and lower drug intake. No @entity0 in the control group were able to return to employment of any kind. CONCLUSION: @entity2 is cost-effective in the long term, despite the initial high costs of the implantable devices.

title: Treatment of chronic pain with XXXX versus alternative therapies: cost-effectiveness analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The treatment of @entity3 is a challenge because of the limitations and difficulty of direct surgical clipping and endovascular coiling. We describe the indications, surgical technique, and complications of saphenous vein extracranial-to-intracranial bypass grafting followed by acute parent vessel occlusion in the management of these difficult lesions. METHODS: Between January 1990 and December 1999, 29 @entity0 with @entity3 underwent 30 saphenous vein bypass grafts followed by immediate parent vessel occlusion. There were 11 @entity0 and 18 @entity0 with a mean follow-up period of 62 months. Twenty-five @entity0 harbored @entity4 involving the internal carotid artery, 2 had @entity3 , and 2 had @entity4 in the basilar artery. Serial cerebral or magnetic resonance angiograms were obtained to assess graft patency and @entity4 . RESULTS: All 30 @entity4 were excluded from the cerebral circulation, with 28 vein grafts remaining patent. Two @entity0 had graft occlusions: one because of poor runoff and the other because of misplacement of a cranial pin during a bypass procedure on the contralateral side. Other surgical complications included one @entity1 from a large @entity2 , @entity7 from @entity5 of an anterior choroidal artery after internal carotid artery occlusion, and @entity6 from a presumed perforator @entity5 adjacent to a basilar @entity4 . CONCLUSION: With appropriate attention to surgical technique, a saphenous vein extracranial-to-intracranial bypass followed by acute parent vessel occlusion is a safe and effective method of treating @entity3 . A high rate of graft patency and adequate cerebral blood flow can be achieved. @entity5 of perforating arteries caused by altered blood flow hemodynamics after parent vessel occlusion may be a continuing source of complications.

title: Treatment of XXXX with saphenous vein extracranial-to-intracranial bypass grafting: indications, operative technique, and results in 29 @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The treatment of @entity3 is a challenge because of the limitations and difficulty of direct surgical clipping and endovascular coiling. We describe the indications, surgical technique, and complications of saphenous vein extracranial-to-intracranial bypass grafting followed by acute parent vessel occlusion in the management of these difficult lesions. METHODS: Between January 1990 and December 1999, 29 @entity0 with @entity3 underwent 30 saphenous vein bypass grafts followed by immediate parent vessel occlusion. There were 11 @entity0 and 18 @entity0 with a mean follow-up period of 62 months. Twenty-five @entity0 harbored @entity4 involving the internal carotid artery, 2 had @entity3 , and 2 had @entity4 in the basilar artery. Serial cerebral or magnetic resonance angiograms were obtained to assess graft patency and @entity4 . RESULTS: All 30 @entity4 were excluded from the cerebral circulation, with 28 vein grafts remaining patent. Two @entity0 had graft occlusions: one because of poor runoff and the other because of misplacement of a cranial pin during a bypass procedure on the contralateral side. Other surgical complications included one @entity1 from a large @entity2 , @entity7 from @entity5 of an anterior choroidal artery after internal carotid artery occlusion, and @entity6 from a presumed perforator @entity5 adjacent to a basilar @entity4 . CONCLUSION: With appropriate attention to surgical technique, a saphenous vein extracranial-to-intracranial bypass followed by acute parent vessel occlusion is a safe and effective method of treating @entity3 . A high rate of graft patency and adequate cerebral blood flow can be achieved. @entity5 of perforating arteries caused by altered blood flow hemodynamics after parent vessel occlusion may be a continuing source of complications.

title: Treatment of @entity3 with saphenous vein extracranial-to-intracranial bypass grafting: indications, operative technique, and results in 29 XXXX .

answer: @entity0