abstract: UNASSIGNED: There are few effective treatments for recurrent @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We present a @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 who achieved a prolonged response to treatment with @entity5 , an irreversible @entity2 family blocker, plus @entity4 . A 58-year-old female @entity0 was diagnosed with multifocal primary @entity1 . After surgical resection, first-line therapy comprised radiotherapy and @entity4 . Following disease progression after 3 @entity4 cycles, the @entity0 entered a phase I/II clinical trial of @entity5 (20-40 mg daily for 28 days) plus @entity4 (50 mg/m2 every 21/28 days). Next-generation sequencing analysis of the @entity3 specimen was performed. At the last assessment, 63 treatment cycles had been completed and the @entity0 had survived for ~5 years since recurrence. Significant disease regression was observed after 5 cycles and was maintained during long-term follow-up. Adverse events were consistent with the known tolerability profile of @entity5 and were managed by treatment interruption/dose reduction. The @entity0 had several @entity2 ( @entity2 ) aberrations, including gene amplification and EGFRvIII positivity. Three somatic mutations were identified, including an unprecedented extracellular-domain substitution ( @entity6 ). The @entity0 has survived ~6-fold longer than normally expected in @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 . The complex @entity2 genotype may underlie sustained response to @entity5 plus @entity4 .

title: @entity5 , an irreversible @entity2 family blocker, with protracted XXXX in recurrent @entity1 : a case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There are few effective treatments for recurrent @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We present a @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 who achieved a prolonged response to treatment with @entity5 , an irreversible @entity2 family blocker, plus @entity4 . A 58-year-old female @entity0 was diagnosed with multifocal primary @entity1 . After surgical resection, first-line therapy comprised radiotherapy and @entity4 . Following disease progression after 3 @entity4 cycles, the @entity0 entered a phase I/II clinical trial of @entity5 (20-40 mg daily for 28 days) plus @entity4 (50 mg/m2 every 21/28 days). Next-generation sequencing analysis of the @entity3 specimen was performed. At the last assessment, 63 treatment cycles had been completed and the @entity0 had survived for ~5 years since recurrence. Significant disease regression was observed after 5 cycles and was maintained during long-term follow-up. Adverse events were consistent with the known tolerability profile of @entity5 and were managed by treatment interruption/dose reduction. The @entity0 had several @entity2 ( @entity2 ) aberrations, including gene amplification and EGFRvIII positivity. Three somatic mutations were identified, including an unprecedented extracellular-domain substitution ( @entity6 ). The @entity0 has survived ~6-fold longer than normally expected in @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 . The complex @entity2 genotype may underlie sustained response to @entity5 plus @entity4 .

title: @entity5 , an irreversible XXXX family blocker, with protracted @entity4 in recurrent @entity1 : a case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There are few effective treatments for recurrent @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We present a @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 who achieved a prolonged response to treatment with @entity5 , an irreversible @entity2 family blocker, plus @entity4 . A 58-year-old female @entity0 was diagnosed with multifocal primary @entity1 . After surgical resection, first-line therapy comprised radiotherapy and @entity4 . Following disease progression after 3 @entity4 cycles, the @entity0 entered a phase I/II clinical trial of @entity5 (20-40 mg daily for 28 days) plus @entity4 (50 mg/m2 every 21/28 days). Next-generation sequencing analysis of the @entity3 specimen was performed. At the last assessment, 63 treatment cycles had been completed and the @entity0 had survived for ~5 years since recurrence. Significant disease regression was observed after 5 cycles and was maintained during long-term follow-up. Adverse events were consistent with the known tolerability profile of @entity5 and were managed by treatment interruption/dose reduction. The @entity0 had several @entity2 ( @entity2 ) aberrations, including gene amplification and EGFRvIII positivity. Three somatic mutations were identified, including an unprecedented extracellular-domain substitution ( @entity6 ). The @entity0 has survived ~6-fold longer than normally expected in @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 . The complex @entity2 genotype may underlie sustained response to @entity5 plus @entity4 .

title: @entity5 , an irreversible @entity2 family blocker, with protracted @entity4 in recurrent XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effective nonelastic @entity2 -based tourniquets are typically pulled tight and friction or hook-and-loop secured before engaging a mechanical advantage system to reach @entity0 . This study examined the effects of skin surface initial secured pressure (Friction Pressure) on the skin surface pressure applied at @entity0 (Occlusion Pressure) and on the use of the mechanical advantage system. METHODS: Combat Application Tourniquets   ( @entity1 ; combattourniquet.com) and Tactical Ratcheting Medical Tourniquets (RMTs; www .ratchetingbuckles.com) were applied to 12 recipient thighs with starting Friction Pressures of 25 (RMT only), 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 (CAT only), and 200mmHg (CAT only). The CAT @entity2 was single threaded. Pressure was measured with an air-filled, size #1, neonatal blood pressure cuff under the Base (CAT), Ladder (RMT), and @entity2 (CAT and RMT) of each 3.8cm-wide tourniquet. RESULTS: Base or Ladder pressure and @entity2 pressure were related but increasingly different at increasing pressures, with @entity2 pressures being lower (Friction Pressure, r > 0.91; Occlusion Pressure, r > 0.60). Friction Pressure did not affect Occlusion Pressure for either design. Across the 12 thighs, the correlation coefficient for @entity2 Friction Pressure versus CAT windlass turns was r = -0.91    0.04, and versus RMT ladder distance traveled was r = -0.94    0.06. Friction Pressures of 150mmHg or greater were required to achieve @entity0 with two or fewer windlass turns. CAT and RMT @entity2 Occlusion Pressures were similar on each recipient (median, minimum - maximum; CAT: 318mmHg, 260 - 536mmHg; RMT: 328mmHg, 160 - 472mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: Achieving high initial @entity2 tension is desirable to minimize windlass turns or ratcheting buckle travel distance required to reach @entity0 , but does not affect tourniquet surface-applied pressure needed for @entity0 . For same-width, nonelastic @entity2 -based tourniquets, differences in the mechanical advantage system may be unimportant to final tourniquet-applied pressure needed for @entity0 .

title: Initial tourniquet pressure does not affect tourniquet XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood flow restricted (BFR) training, the brief and partial restriction of venous outflow of an extremity during low load resistance exercises, is a safe and effective method of improving strength in healthy, active individuals. A relatively unexplored potential of this adjunctive modality lies in treating @entity0 with severe @entity1 , persistent chronic @entity2 and hamstring @entity3 despite traditional therapy, and low improvement during early postoperative strengthening. METHODS: This case series describes @entity0 with chronic @entity2 and hamstring @entity3 who received an intervention of BFR at low loads, 20% of 1 repetition max (1RM), to restore strength. A case series was conducted of seven @entity0 , all located at one hospital and all with traumatic lower extremity injuries. The seven @entity0 were treated at the same medical center and with the same BFR protocol. All seven @entity0 had isokinetic dynamometer testing that showed persistent thigh @entity3 despite previous rehabilitation with traditional therapy and 35% to 75% peak torque deficit in either knee extension or flexion compared with the contralateral lower extremity. @entity0 underwent 2 weeks of BFR training therapy using a pneumatic tourniquet set at 110mmHg while performing leg extensions, leg presses, and reverse leg presses. All affected extremities were retested after 2 weeks (six treatment sessions). Dynamometer measurements were done with flexion and extension at two speeds: 90   and 300  /sec. The data recorded included peak torque normalized for body weight, average power, and total work. RESULTS: All seven @entity0 demonstrated improvements in peak torque, average power, and total work for both knee flexion and extension, with power being the most improved overall. Peak torque improved an average of 13% to 37%, depending on contraction direction and speed. Average power improved an average of 42% to 81%, and total work improved an average of 35% to 55%. CONCLUSION: BFR therapy at low loads can affect improvement in muscle strength in @entity0 who are unable to perform high-resistance exercise or @entity0 who have persistent extremity @entity3 despite traditional therapy.

title: Blood flow restriction rehabilitation for extremity XXXX : a case series.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stent graft therapy has emerged as an alternative to open surgery in the management of chronic dissection-related @entity2 (DRAD) in the descending thoracic aorta (DTA). The incidence of perioperative complications, need for secondary aortic intervention (SAI), and rate of @entity3 have not been thoroughly described. METHODS: Perioperative and midterm outcomes in @entity0 who underwent stent graft therapy for chronic DRAD DTA at a single institution between January 2006 and September 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative anatomic factors, including the number of visceral and renal side branches off the false lumen, and false lumen volume, were analyzed for their ability to predict treatment failure. Treatment failure was defined as death, need for a SAI, and failure to achieve @entity3 of the DRAD DTA. Treatment success was defined as @entity3 of the false lumen in the area of the DRAD DTA with stability or a decrease in the maximum diameter of the DRAD DTA. RESULTS: During the study period, 47 @entity0 underwent stent graft therapy for chronic DRAD DTA. @entity0 were a mean age of 58.3     11.7  years, 74.5% (n  = 35) were male, and 14.9% (n  = 7) had a history of connective tissue disease. The left subclavian artery was covered in 48.9% (n  = 23), and revascularization was performed in 87.0% (n  = 20). Spinal drains were used in 74.5% (n  = 35). @entity5 developed in 6.4% (n  = 3), which resolved in two and improved in one. No retrograde @entity4 occurred. The 30-day mortality was 4.3% (n  = 2); one death was in a @entity0 with @entity1 . Mean clinical follow-up was 35.1     20.9  months. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier survival was 89%     5%. Treatment failure occurred in 18 @entity0 (38.3%): 9 required SAIs, 6 did not have @entity3 of the false lumen in the area of the DRAD DTA, and 4 died, with 1 @entity0 dying during a SAI. No preoperative anatomic factor predicted treatment failure. The 5-year freedom from treatment failure was 54%     9%. Including the nine @entity0 who underwent SAI, treatment success was achieved in 85.2% of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: In this single-center experience of stent graft therapy for chronic DRAD DTA, treatment success was achieved in 85% of @entity0 after a SAI rate of 20%. No preoperative anatomic factor predicted treatment failure, which occurred in almost 40% of the @entity0 . Identifying predictors of treatment failure may improve future outcomes.

title: Outcomes after stent graft therapy for dissection-related XXXX in the descending thoracic aorta.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity3 ) is a rare autosomal, @entity1 related to a variety of mutations or polymorphisms throughout the factor VII (FVII) gene (F7). The aims of this study were to characterize the molecular defect of the F7 gene in four unrelated @entity0 with @entity3 and to find the genotype-phenotype correlation. All nine exons, exon-intron boundaries, and 5' and 3'-untranslated regions of the F7 gene were amplified by PCR and the purified PCR products were sequenced directly. Suspected mutations were confirmed by another PCR and sequencing of the opposite strand. Family studies were also performed. A total of five unique lesions were identified, including three missense mutations ( @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 , predicting @entity9 , @entity4 and @entity10 substitution, respectively) and two splice junction mutations ( @entity5 , @entity11 ), among which two ( @entity4 , @entity10 ) were novel. A previously reported mutation @entity9 was seen in the homozygous state in two unrelated @entity0 . The other two cases were both compound heterozygotes of a missense mutation and a splicing site mutation. Multiple sequence alignment using DNAMAN analysis showed that all the missense mutations were found in residues that highly conserved across species and vitamin K-dependent serine proteases. Online software Polyphen and SIFT were used to confirm the pathogenic of the missense mutation. @entity9 seems to be a hotspot of the F7 gene in ethnic Han Chinese population.

title: Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of four XXXX @entity0 from central China.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity3 ) is a rare autosomal, @entity1 related to a variety of mutations or polymorphisms throughout the factor VII (FVII) gene (F7). The aims of this study were to characterize the molecular defect of the F7 gene in four unrelated @entity0 with @entity3 and to find the genotype-phenotype correlation. All nine exons, exon-intron boundaries, and 5' and 3'-untranslated regions of the F7 gene were amplified by PCR and the purified PCR products were sequenced directly. Suspected mutations were confirmed by another PCR and sequencing of the opposite strand. Family studies were also performed. A total of five unique lesions were identified, including three missense mutations ( @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 , predicting @entity9 , @entity4 and @entity10 substitution, respectively) and two splice junction mutations ( @entity5 , @entity11 ), among which two ( @entity4 , @entity10 ) were novel. A previously reported mutation @entity9 was seen in the homozygous state in two unrelated @entity0 . The other two cases were both compound heterozygotes of a missense mutation and a splicing site mutation. Multiple sequence alignment using DNAMAN analysis showed that all the missense mutations were found in residues that highly conserved across species and vitamin K-dependent serine proteases. Online software Polyphen and SIFT were used to confirm the pathogenic of the missense mutation. @entity9 seems to be a hotspot of the F7 gene in ethnic Han Chinese population.

title: Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of four @entity3 XXXX from central China.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) results from the accumulation of @entity1 contributing to the progression from @entity6 to @entity5 . Information on these various genetic changes has been primarily derived from studying groups of either @entity6 or @entity0 .We evaluated both @entity7 and @entity5 tissue obtained from the same surgical specimens for @entity4 mutations, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and mismatch repair gene methylation, and results were correlated between the paired @entity7 tissue and @entity5 . The aim was to determine if molecular alterations appearing in ECs might also be present in the premalignant ( @entity7 ) region of the @entity0 . METHODS: One hundred ninety-seven cases of @entity5 with associated @entity6 were evaluated. DNA samples were studied using primer sets for @entity4 gene codons 12/13 and for @entity3 utilizing the Bethesda panel. Methylation testing was performed on specimens that were microsatellite unstable using the MRC Holland SALSA MS-MLPA methylation-specific DNA detection kit. RESULTS: Forty-one (20.8%) of 197 @entity0 demonstrated a @entity4 mutation, with 35 (85.4%) of 41 accompanying @entity6 also containing a @entity4 mutation. Forty-five @entity0 (22.8%) were microsatellite unstable, with 38 (84.4%) of 45 accompanying @entity6 also demonstrating instability. Of the 45 microsatellite unstable @entity0 , 28 (62.2%) demonstrated methylation in both the @entity0 and the accompanying @entity6 , whereas 9 pairs (20%) showed no methylation for either the @entity0 or @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 95% of endometrial specimens demonstrated identical molecular findings regarding @entity4 mutation and microsatellite stability in the paired @entity0 and @entity7 tissue. The same methylation pattern was found in 82.2% of the studied paired samples. Our findings strongly suggest that the molecular changes of @entity4 mutation, @entity3 , and methylation occur early in the @entity0 . We propose that endometrial biopsies revealing @entity6 should be studied for these molecular alterations as an indicator of possible early @entity2 .

title: Strong Correlation Between Molecular Changes in @entity5 and Concomitant XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) results from the accumulation of @entity1 contributing to the progression from @entity6 to @entity5 . Information on these various genetic changes has been primarily derived from studying groups of either @entity6 or @entity0 .We evaluated both @entity7 and @entity5 tissue obtained from the same surgical specimens for @entity4 mutations, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and mismatch repair gene methylation, and results were correlated between the paired @entity7 tissue and @entity5 . The aim was to determine if molecular alterations appearing in ECs might also be present in the premalignant ( @entity7 ) region of the @entity0 . METHODS: One hundred ninety-seven cases of @entity5 with associated @entity6 were evaluated. DNA samples were studied using primer sets for @entity4 gene codons 12/13 and for @entity3 utilizing the Bethesda panel. Methylation testing was performed on specimens that were microsatellite unstable using the MRC Holland SALSA MS-MLPA methylation-specific DNA detection kit. RESULTS: Forty-one (20.8%) of 197 @entity0 demonstrated a @entity4 mutation, with 35 (85.4%) of 41 accompanying @entity6 also containing a @entity4 mutation. Forty-five @entity0 (22.8%) were microsatellite unstable, with 38 (84.4%) of 45 accompanying @entity6 also demonstrating instability. Of the 45 microsatellite unstable @entity0 , 28 (62.2%) demonstrated methylation in both the @entity0 and the accompanying @entity6 , whereas 9 pairs (20%) showed no methylation for either the @entity0 or @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 95% of endometrial specimens demonstrated identical molecular findings regarding @entity4 mutation and microsatellite stability in the paired @entity0 and @entity7 tissue. The same methylation pattern was found in 82.2% of the studied paired samples. Our findings strongly suggest that the molecular changes of @entity4 mutation, @entity3 , and methylation occur early in the @entity0 . We propose that endometrial biopsies revealing @entity6 should be studied for these molecular alterations as an indicator of possible early @entity2 .

title: Strong Correlation Between Molecular Changes in XXXX and Concomitant @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Routine pulmonary function testing has been recommended as part of the emergency department management of acute @entity1 despite the lack of evidence demonstrating the necessity for these measurements. The purpose of this study was to assess the physician's ability to estimate pulmonary function in @entity0 with acute @entity1 and to determine the effect that pulmonary function testing has on @entity0 management. METHODS: Emergency medicine physicians estimated pulmonary function in adult @entity2 @entity0 prior to spirometry. The estimations and spirometry were repeated after 1 hour and again at discharge. The physicians noted their treatment plan before and after receiving the results of pulmonary function testing. RESULTS: Ninety-eight @entity0 were enrolled in the study. There was only moderate correlation between pretreatment estimates of pulmonary function and the actual value (r = .41). On average, physicians underestimated the degree of pretreatment @entity3 (as percentage of predicted normal value) by 8.1 +/- 16.0 percentage points. Knowledge of the pulmonary function test results changed management in 20.4% of @entity0 . The most common change was an alteration in the decision to continue treatment after 3 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians tend to underestimate the degree of @entity3 in acute @entity1 , particularly on initial assessment. Since the availability of pulmonary function tests changes management in a significant number of @entity0 , routine pulmonary function testing is recommended as part of the assessment and monitoring of acute @entity1 .

title: Effect of pulmonary function testing on the management of acute XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rotator cuff tear is one of the most common causes of @entity1 . Gene expression analysis may be a useful tool for understanding @entity2 and the failure of cuff healing, and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has become an effective method for such studies. However, this technique requires the use of suitable reference genes for data normalization. Here, we evaluate the suitability of six reference genes (18S, @entity9 , @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity7 ) using samples from the rotator cuff tendons of 28 individuals with @entity2 (3 tendons regions) and 8 controls (2 tendon regions); for the tear @entity0 , we evaluated ruptured and non-ruptured tendon samples. The stability of the candidate reference genes was determined using the NormFinder, geNorm, BestKeeper and DataAssist software packages. Overall, @entity6 was the best single reference gene, and @entity6 + @entity7 composed the best pair and @entity6 + @entity7 + @entity9 composed the best trio of reference genes from the analysis of different groups, including the simultaneous analysis of all tissue samples. To identify the optimal combination of reference genes, we evaluated the expression of @entity8 and @entity3 , and no obvious differences were observed when using 2, 3 or 4 reference genes for most of the analyses. However, @entity3 expression differed between ruptured and non-ruptured (posterior superior region) tendons of @entity0 only when normalized by @entity6 + @entity7 + @entity4 and @entity6 + @entity7 . On the other hand, the comparison between these two groups using the best trio of reference genes ( @entity6 + @entity7 + @entity9 ) and 4 reference genes did not revealed a significant difference in @entity3 expression. Consequently, the use of suitable reference genes for a reliable gene expression evaluation by RT-qPCR should consider the type of tendon samples investigated. @entity6 + @entity7 + @entity9 seems to be the best combination of reference genes for the analysis of involving different tendon samples of individuals with rotator cuff tears.

title: Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies in Tendons from XXXX with Rotator Cuff Tear.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is one of the most common @entity1 worldwide and liver resection is the only potential curative treatment option for those @entity0 . @entity3 specific to elderly surgical @entity0 such as @entity4 will be increasingly relevant in the coming decades. Herein, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for @entity3 in @entity0 who have received hepatectomy for @entity2 . METHODS: This is a single medical center observational study and the study subjects comprised 401 individuals who underwent liver resection for @entity2 during January 2009 to October 2013. Multivariate analysis was used to examine whether preoperative, intra-operative, or postoperative variables were associated with the development of @entity4 . RESULTS: Of the 401 @entity0 who underwent hepatectomy, 34 developed @entity3 (8.4%). In the majority of those @entity0 , symptoms and signs of the syndrome occurred on postoperative day 2 and the mean duration of symptoms was 3.61    3.71 days. Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age (>71 years) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.133, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.071-1.200, p<0.001], prolonged operative time (>190 minutes) (OR = 1.009, 95% CI: 1.000-1.017, p = 0.038), a decreased postoperative hemoglobin level (< 10.16 g/dL) (OR = 0.777, 95% CI: 0.613-0.983, p = 0.036), and history of hypnotic drug use (OR = 3.074, 95% CI: 1.045-9.039, p = 0.041) were independent risk factors for the development of @entity3 after hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Although the mechanism of @entity3 is not well understood, numbers of studies have shown that @entity0 with @entity3 tend to have prolonged hospital stay, worse postoperative outcome and an increased risk of short- and long-term mortality. In this study, we found that advanced age, prolonged operative time, postoperative low hemoglobin level and history of hypnotic drug use are independent risk factors for @entity3 .

title: Low Hemoglobin Level Is Associated with the Development of @entity4 after Hepatectomy for XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is one of the most common @entity1 worldwide and liver resection is the only potential curative treatment option for those @entity0 . @entity3 specific to elderly surgical @entity0 such as @entity4 will be increasingly relevant in the coming decades. Herein, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for @entity3 in @entity0 who have received hepatectomy for @entity2 . METHODS: This is a single medical center observational study and the study subjects comprised 401 individuals who underwent liver resection for @entity2 during January 2009 to October 2013. Multivariate analysis was used to examine whether preoperative, intra-operative, or postoperative variables were associated with the development of @entity4 . RESULTS: Of the 401 @entity0 who underwent hepatectomy, 34 developed @entity3 (8.4%). In the majority of those @entity0 , symptoms and signs of the syndrome occurred on postoperative day 2 and the mean duration of symptoms was 3.61    3.71 days. Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age (>71 years) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.133, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.071-1.200, p<0.001], prolonged operative time (>190 minutes) (OR = 1.009, 95% CI: 1.000-1.017, p = 0.038), a decreased postoperative hemoglobin level (< 10.16 g/dL) (OR = 0.777, 95% CI: 0.613-0.983, p = 0.036), and history of hypnotic drug use (OR = 3.074, 95% CI: 1.045-9.039, p = 0.041) were independent risk factors for the development of @entity3 after hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Although the mechanism of @entity3 is not well understood, numbers of studies have shown that @entity0 with @entity3 tend to have prolonged hospital stay, worse postoperative outcome and an increased risk of short- and long-term mortality. In this study, we found that advanced age, prolonged operative time, postoperative low hemoglobin level and history of hypnotic drug use are independent risk factors for @entity3 .

title: Low Hemoglobin Level Is Associated with the Development of XXXX after Hepatectomy for @entity2 @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is one of the most common @entity1 worldwide and liver resection is the only potential curative treatment option for those @entity0 . @entity3 specific to elderly surgical @entity0 such as @entity4 will be increasingly relevant in the coming decades. Herein, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for @entity3 in @entity0 who have received hepatectomy for @entity2 . METHODS: This is a single medical center observational study and the study subjects comprised 401 individuals who underwent liver resection for @entity2 during January 2009 to October 2013. Multivariate analysis was used to examine whether preoperative, intra-operative, or postoperative variables were associated with the development of @entity4 . RESULTS: Of the 401 @entity0 who underwent hepatectomy, 34 developed @entity3 (8.4%). In the majority of those @entity0 , symptoms and signs of the syndrome occurred on postoperative day 2 and the mean duration of symptoms was 3.61    3.71 days. Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age (>71 years) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.133, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.071-1.200, p<0.001], prolonged operative time (>190 minutes) (OR = 1.009, 95% CI: 1.000-1.017, p = 0.038), a decreased postoperative hemoglobin level (< 10.16 g/dL) (OR = 0.777, 95% CI: 0.613-0.983, p = 0.036), and history of hypnotic drug use (OR = 3.074, 95% CI: 1.045-9.039, p = 0.041) were independent risk factors for the development of @entity3 after hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Although the mechanism of @entity3 is not well understood, numbers of studies have shown that @entity0 with @entity3 tend to have prolonged hospital stay, worse postoperative outcome and an increased risk of short- and long-term mortality. In this study, we found that advanced age, prolonged operative time, postoperative low hemoglobin level and history of hypnotic drug use are independent risk factors for @entity3 .

title: Low Hemoglobin Level Is Associated with the Development of @entity4 after Hepatectomy for @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of microvascular invasion in @entity2 and its correlation with other prognostic factors. DESIGN: Evaluation of the frequency and extent of microvascular invasion by routine light microscopy in 210 whole-mounted radical prostatectomies with @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity0 was identified in 111 (53%) of 210 specimens. Focal microvascular invasion (involvement of fewer than three high-power fields) was present in 42 cases (20%); extensive microvascular invasion (involvement of three or more high-power fields) was present in 69 cases (33%). Capsular perforation was present in 43% and 62% of cases with focal and extensive microvascular invasion, respectively. Seminal vesical involvement was observed in 23% and 47% of cases with focal and extensive microvascular invasion, respectively. Lymph node @entity0 were only observed in cases with microvascular invasion and were present in 7% and 23% of cases with focal and extensive invasion, respectively. There was also a strong positive correlation of microvascular invasion with surgical margin status, Gleason score, and @entity1 volume. Tumors ranged in volume from 0.14 cc to 47.25 cc (mean, 9.09 cc), and the volume in cases without microvascular invasion was lower than in those with invasion (mean, 5.4 cc and 12.7 cc, respectively); also, the volume in cases with focal invasion was lower than in those with extensive invasion (mean, 9.4 cc and 16.1 cc, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 in @entity2 correlates positively with virtually all measures of pathologic stage. Its presence should be reported in all prostate specimens according to the @entity1 Committee of the College of Americans Pathologists.

title: @entity0 in XXXX correlates with pathologic stage.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of microvascular invasion in @entity2 and its correlation with other prognostic factors. DESIGN: Evaluation of the frequency and extent of microvascular invasion by routine light microscopy in 210 whole-mounted radical prostatectomies with @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity0 was identified in 111 (53%) of 210 specimens. Focal microvascular invasion (involvement of fewer than three high-power fields) was present in 42 cases (20%); extensive microvascular invasion (involvement of three or more high-power fields) was present in 69 cases (33%). Capsular perforation was present in 43% and 62% of cases with focal and extensive microvascular invasion, respectively. Seminal vesical involvement was observed in 23% and 47% of cases with focal and extensive microvascular invasion, respectively. Lymph node @entity0 were only observed in cases with microvascular invasion and were present in 7% and 23% of cases with focal and extensive invasion, respectively. There was also a strong positive correlation of microvascular invasion with surgical margin status, Gleason score, and @entity1 volume. Tumors ranged in volume from 0.14 cc to 47.25 cc (mean, 9.09 cc), and the volume in cases without microvascular invasion was lower than in those with invasion (mean, 5.4 cc and 12.7 cc, respectively); also, the volume in cases with focal invasion was lower than in those with extensive invasion (mean, 9.4 cc and 16.1 cc, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 in @entity2 correlates positively with virtually all measures of pathologic stage. Its presence should be reported in all prostate specimens according to the @entity1 Committee of the College of Americans Pathologists.

title: XXXX in @entity2 correlates with pathologic stage.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Background. Serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP) is commonly elevated in @entity3 @entity0 . A number of studies have investigated the prognostic role of SALP level in @entity0 with @entity3 but yielded inconsistent results. Method. Systematic computerized searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for relevant original articles. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and relative risks (RRs) with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the prognostic value of SALP level. Results. Finally, 21 studies comprising 3228 @entity0 were included. Overall, the pooled HRs of SALP suggested that elevated level had an unfavorable impact on @entity3 @entity0 ' @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (HR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.61-2.06; p < 0.001) and event-free survival (EFS) (HR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.61-2.42; p < 0.001). Combined RRs of SALP indicated that elevated level was associated with presence of @entity1 at diagnosis (RR = 5.55; 95% CI: 1.61-9.49; p = 0.006). No significantly different results were obtained after stratified by variables of age range, @entity2 stage, sample size, and geographic region. Conclusion. This meta-analysis demonstrated that high SALP level is significantly associated with poor @entity4 or EFS rate and presence of @entity1 at diagnosis. SALP level is a convenient and effective biomarker of prognosis for @entity3 .

title: Prognostic Significance of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Level in XXXX : A Meta-Analysis of Published Data.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the role of planned relaparotomy (PR) in the treatment of intraperitoneal infection, compared with that of relaparotomy on demand (RD). DESIGN: Case-control study on the basis of a prospective multicenter cohort analytic study. Statistical evaluation was done by the McNemar test for qualitative data and the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test for qualitative data. SETTING: Eighteen hospitals of different care levels in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. @entity0 : Thirty-eight of 42 @entity0 with @entity4 who underwent PR were matched for APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) score, age, cause of infection, site of origin of @entity2 , and the ability of the surgeon to securely eliminate the source of infection with 38 @entity0 taken from a cohort of 278 undergoing RD. INTERVENTIONS: Planned relaparotomy was defined as at least one relaparotomy decided on at the time of the first surgical intervention; RD, relaparotomy indicated by clinical findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality and incidence of postoperative @entity3 and @entity1 . RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mortality between @entity0 treated with PR (21%) or RD (13%). Postoperative @entity3 as defined by a Goris score of more than 5 was more frequent in the group of @entity0 undergoing PR (50%), compared with the group undergoing RD (24%) (P = .01), as were @entity1 (68% vs 39% [P = .01]). @entity1 were due to more frequent suture leaks (16% vs 0% [P = .05]), recurrent @entity4 (16% vs 0% [P = .05]), and septecemia (45% vs 18% [P = .05]) in the PR vs the RD groups. The incidence of other complications was not different in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Until larger prospective studies are available, the indication for PR should be evaluated with caution.

title: Planned relaparotomy vs relaparotomy on demand in the treatment of XXXX . The @entity2 Study Group of the Surgical Infection Society-Europe.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the role of planned relaparotomy (PR) in the treatment of intraperitoneal infection, compared with that of relaparotomy on demand (RD). DESIGN: Case-control study on the basis of a prospective multicenter cohort analytic study. Statistical evaluation was done by the McNemar test for qualitative data and the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test for qualitative data. SETTING: Eighteen hospitals of different care levels in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. @entity0 : Thirty-eight of 42 @entity0 with @entity4 who underwent PR were matched for APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) score, age, cause of infection, site of origin of @entity2 , and the ability of the surgeon to securely eliminate the source of infection with 38 @entity0 taken from a cohort of 278 undergoing RD. INTERVENTIONS: Planned relaparotomy was defined as at least one relaparotomy decided on at the time of the first surgical intervention; RD, relaparotomy indicated by clinical findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality and incidence of postoperative @entity3 and @entity1 . RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mortality between @entity0 treated with PR (21%) or RD (13%). Postoperative @entity3 as defined by a Goris score of more than 5 was more frequent in the group of @entity0 undergoing PR (50%), compared with the group undergoing RD (24%) (P = .01), as were @entity1 (68% vs 39% [P = .01]). @entity1 were due to more frequent suture leaks (16% vs 0% [P = .05]), recurrent @entity4 (16% vs 0% [P = .05]), and septecemia (45% vs 18% [P = .05]) in the PR vs the RD groups. The incidence of other complications was not different in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Until larger prospective studies are available, the indication for PR should be evaluated with caution.

title: Planned relaparotomy vs relaparotomy on demand in the treatment of @entity4 . The XXXX Study Group of the Surgical Infection Society-Europe.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Continuous subcutaneous @entity2 infusion (CSII) therapy is currently accepted as a treatment strategy for type 1 @entity0 . Transition from @entity3 ( @entity3 ; including basal-bolus regimens) to CSII is based on expectations of better metabolic control and fewer hypoglycaemic events. Evidence to date has not been always conclusive. Areas covered: Evidence for CSII and @entity3 in terms of glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia and psychosocial outcomes is reviewed in the adult and paediatric population with type 1 @entity0 . Findings from studies on threshold-based @entity2 pump suspension and predictive low @entity1 management (PLGM) are outlined. Limitations of current CSII application and future technological developments are discussed. Expert opinion: Glycaemic control and quality of life (QOL) may be improved by CSII compared to @entity3 depending on baseline HbA1c and hypoglycaemia rates. Future studies are expected to provide evidence on clinical and cost effectiveness in those who will benefit the most. Training, structured education and support are important to benefit from CSII. Novel technological approaches linking continuous @entity1 monitoring (CGM) and CSII may help mitigate against frequent hypoglycaemia in those at risk. Development of @entity1 -responsive automated closed-loop @entity2 delivery systems may reduce the burden of disease management and improve outcomes in type 1 @entity0 .

title: Continuous subcutaneous @entity2 infusion therapy and multiple daily @entity2 injections in XXXX : a comparative overview and future horizons.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Continuous subcutaneous @entity2 infusion (CSII) therapy is currently accepted as a treatment strategy for type 1 @entity0 . Transition from @entity3 ( @entity3 ; including basal-bolus regimens) to CSII is based on expectations of better metabolic control and fewer hypoglycaemic events. Evidence to date has not been always conclusive. Areas covered: Evidence for CSII and @entity3 in terms of glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia and psychosocial outcomes is reviewed in the adult and paediatric population with type 1 @entity0 . Findings from studies on threshold-based @entity2 pump suspension and predictive low @entity1 management (PLGM) are outlined. Limitations of current CSII application and future technological developments are discussed. Expert opinion: Glycaemic control and quality of life (QOL) may be improved by CSII compared to @entity3 depending on baseline HbA1c and hypoglycaemia rates. Future studies are expected to provide evidence on clinical and cost effectiveness in those who will benefit the most. Training, structured education and support are important to benefit from CSII. Novel technological approaches linking continuous @entity1 monitoring (CGM) and CSII may help mitigate against frequent hypoglycaemia in those at risk. Development of @entity1 -responsive automated closed-loop @entity2 delivery systems may reduce the burden of disease management and improve outcomes in type 1 @entity0 .

title: Continuous subcutaneous XXXX infusion therapy and multiple daily @entity2 injections in @entity0 : a comparative overview and future horizons.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Continuous subcutaneous @entity2 infusion (CSII) therapy is currently accepted as a treatment strategy for type 1 @entity0 . Transition from @entity3 ( @entity3 ; including basal-bolus regimens) to CSII is based on expectations of better metabolic control and fewer hypoglycaemic events. Evidence to date has not been always conclusive. Areas covered: Evidence for CSII and @entity3 in terms of glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia and psychosocial outcomes is reviewed in the adult and paediatric population with type 1 @entity0 . Findings from studies on threshold-based @entity2 pump suspension and predictive low @entity1 management (PLGM) are outlined. Limitations of current CSII application and future technological developments are discussed. Expert opinion: Glycaemic control and quality of life (QOL) may be improved by CSII compared to @entity3 depending on baseline HbA1c and hypoglycaemia rates. Future studies are expected to provide evidence on clinical and cost effectiveness in those who will benefit the most. Training, structured education and support are important to benefit from CSII. Novel technological approaches linking continuous @entity1 monitoring (CGM) and CSII may help mitigate against frequent hypoglycaemia in those at risk. Development of @entity1 -responsive automated closed-loop @entity2 delivery systems may reduce the burden of disease management and improve outcomes in type 1 @entity0 .

title: Continuous subcutaneous @entity2 infusion therapy and multiple daily XXXX injections in @entity0 : a comparative overview and future horizons.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the brain by postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) versus antemortem computed tomography (AMCT) using brains from the same @entity0 . We studied 36 nontraumatic subjects who underwent AMCT, PMCT, and pathological autopsy in our hospital between April 2009 and December 2013. PMCT was performed within 20 h after @entity2 , followed by pathological autopsy including the brain. Autopsy confirmed the absence of @entity3 that might be related to the cause of @entity2 or might affect measurements in our study. Width of the third ventricle, width of the central sulcus, and attenuation in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) from the same area of the basal ganglia, centrum semiovale, and high convexity were statistically compared between AMCT and PMCT. Both the width of the third ventricle and the central sulcus were significantly shorter in PMCT than in AMCT (P < 0.0001). GM attenuation increased after @entity2 at the level of the centrum semiovale and high convexity, but the differences were not statistically significant considering the differences in attenuation among the different computed tomography scanners. WM attenuation significantly increased after @entity2 at all levels (P<0.0001). The differences were larger than the differences in scanners. GM/WM ratio of attenuation was significantly lower by PMCT than by AMCT at all levels (P<0.0001). PMCT showed an increase in WM attenuation, loss of GM-WM differentiation, and @entity1 , evidenced by a decrease in the size of ventricles and sulci.

title: XXXX and Loss of Gray and White Matter Differentiation in @entity0 Postmortem Cases by Computed Tomography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the brain by postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) versus antemortem computed tomography (AMCT) using brains from the same @entity0 . We studied 36 nontraumatic subjects who underwent AMCT, PMCT, and pathological autopsy in our hospital between April 2009 and December 2013. PMCT was performed within 20 h after @entity2 , followed by pathological autopsy including the brain. Autopsy confirmed the absence of @entity3 that might be related to the cause of @entity2 or might affect measurements in our study. Width of the third ventricle, width of the central sulcus, and attenuation in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) from the same area of the basal ganglia, centrum semiovale, and high convexity were statistically compared between AMCT and PMCT. Both the width of the third ventricle and the central sulcus were significantly shorter in PMCT than in AMCT (P < 0.0001). GM attenuation increased after @entity2 at the level of the centrum semiovale and high convexity, but the differences were not statistically significant considering the differences in attenuation among the different computed tomography scanners. WM attenuation significantly increased after @entity2 at all levels (P<0.0001). The differences were larger than the differences in scanners. GM/WM ratio of attenuation was significantly lower by PMCT than by AMCT at all levels (P<0.0001). PMCT showed an increase in WM attenuation, loss of GM-WM differentiation, and @entity1 , evidenced by a decrease in the size of ventricles and sulci.

title: @entity1 and Loss of Gray and White Matter Differentiation in XXXX Postmortem Cases by Computed Tomography.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In two-phase helical CT, organs are scanned in both the arterial and the parenchymal phase after IV injection of contrast material. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of two-phase helical CT for the preoperative localization of @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity0 with 11 surgically proven @entity3 were included in the study. Helical CT scans of the pancreas were obtained with 5-mm collimation and overlapping image reconstruction. Images were obtained in the arterial and parenchymal phases after contrast material injection. A test bolus was used for tailored bolus timing. Images were analyzed by two observers. If a @entity1 was detected, its density relative to the surrounding parenchyma was scored by consensus, using a five-point scale. RESULTS: Nine of 11 @entity1 could be located using two-phase helical CT (sensitivity, 82%), including one 4-mm @entity4 . Two lesions smaller than 5 mm could not be visualized. Two @entity1 were easier to detect (n = 1) or could only be detected on parenchymal-phase images (n = 1). @entity1 conspicuity was better on arterial-phase images in two @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Our results show that obtaining CT scans in both the arterial and the parenchymal phase leads to improved detection of @entity2 .

title: Helical CT for the preoperative localization of XXXX of the pancreas: value of arterial and parenchymal phase images.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Increasing evidence suggests that early life factors may influence @entity3 ( @entity3 ) risk; however, little is known about the contributions of prenatal @entity4 . Objectives were to prospectively assess the associations of maternal @entity4 levels during pregnancy with offspring's 10-year @entity3 risk during middle age. METHODS: @entity0 were 262 mother-offspring dyads from the New England Family Study. Maternal free @entity4 was assessed in third-trimester maternal serum samples. Ten-year @entity3 risk was calculated in offspring at a mean age of 42 years, using the validated Framingham risk algorithm incorporating @entity1 , systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein @entity2 , smoking, age, and sex. RESULTS: In multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses adjusted for age and race/ethnicity, high versus low maternal @entity4 tertile was associated with 36.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.4% to 72.5%) greater mean 10-year @entity3 risk score in @entity0 . There was no association in @entity0 (-2.8%, 95% CI = -23.8% to 24.0%). Further adjustment for in utero socioeconomic position showed 26.1% (95% CI = -0.5% to 59.9%) greater @entity3 risk in @entity0 . Adjustment for maternal age and size for gestational age had little effect on findings. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal prenatal @entity4 levels were positively associated with 10-year @entity3 risk among female, and not male, offspring. Adjusting for socioeconomic position during pregnancy reduced effect size in @entity0 , suggesting that it may be a common prior factor in both maternal @entity4 and @entity3 risk. These findings provide evidence that targeting mothers who have elevated prenatal @entity4 levels, including elevated @entity4 in the setting of low socioeconomic position, may potentially reduce long-term @entity3 risk in their offspring.

title: Prospective Evaluation of Associations Between Prenatal XXXX and Adulthood Coronary Heart Disease Risk: The New England Family Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECT The authors' aim in this paper was to review the intraoperative use of epidural @entity3 in lumbar discectomy surgery with a focus on surgical complications. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was done using PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials. Relevant papers were retrieved and analyzed. The authors performed a meta-analysis of all available data. Search terms included epidural, @entity3 , discectomy, lumbar disc surgery, @entity6 , @entity7 , and perioperative.The primary outcome was surgical complications such as wound @entity4 or need for reoperation. Secondary outcomes were @entity2 and postoperative narcotic usage. RESULTS Sixteen trials and 1 retrospective study (a total of 1933 @entity0 ) were eligible for inclusion in this study. In all studies, @entity3 were added epidurally over the nerve root before closure in cases, and control @entity0 underwent discectomy alone. The mean age (42.7 years vs 42.4 years; RR 0.30 [95% CI -0.30 to 0.90], p = 0.32), overall complication rates (2.69% vs 1.18%; RR 1.94 [95% CI 0.72-5.26], p = 0.19), and infectious complication rates (0.94% vs 0.08%; RR 4.58 [95% CI 0.75-27.95], p = 0.10) were similar between the @entity5 group and control group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS There is good evidence that epidural @entity3 can decrease @entity2 in the short term and decrease the usage of postoperative narcotics after lumbar spinal surgery for degenerative @entity1 . The authors' results demonstrate a trend toward @entity4 with epidural @entity5 use, but there was not a statistically significant difference. More studies are needed to validate the long-term risk/benefit ratio of epidural @entity3 in lumbar discectomy.

title: Complications of intraoperative epidural XXXX use in lumbar discectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECT Traumatic @entity3 of the thoracolumbar spine are common injuries, accounting for approximately 90% of all spinal @entity2 . Lumbar spine @entity2 in the elderly is a growing public health problem with relatively little evidence to guide clinical management. The authors sought to characterize the complications, morbidity, and mortality associated with surgical and nonsurgical management in elderly @entity0 with traumatic @entity3 of the lumbar spine. METHODS Using the National Sample Program of the National @entity2 Data Bank, the authors performed a retrospective analysis of @entity0 >=  55 years of age who had traumatic fracture to the lumbar spine. This group was divided into middle-aged (55-69 years) and elderly (>=  70 years) cohorts. Cohorts were subdivided into nonoperative, vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, noninstrumented surgery, and instrumented surgery. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to characterize and identify predictors of medical and surgical complications, mortality, hospital length of stay, ICU length of stay, number of days on ventilator, and hospital discharge in each subgroup. Adjusted odds ratios, mean differences, and associated 95% CIs were reported. Statistical significance was assessed at p < 0.05, and the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied for each outcome analysis. RESULTS Between 2003 and 2012, 22,835 @entity0 met the inclusion criteria, which represents 94,103 incidents nationally. Analyses revealed a similar medical and surgical complication profile between age groups. The most prevalent medical complications were @entity1 (7.0%), acute @entity6 (3.6%), and @entity7 (3%). @entity5 occurred in 6.3% of cases. Instrumented surgery was associated with the highest odds of each complication (p < 0.001). The inpatient mortality rate was 6.8% for all subjects. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that age >=  70 years was an independent predictor of mortality (OR 3.16, 95% CI 2.77-3.60), whereas instrumented surgery (multivariable OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.28-0.52) and vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.17-0.45) were associated with decreased odds of @entity4 . In surviving @entity0 , both older age (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.30-0.34) and instrumented fusion (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.33-0.41) were associated with decreased odds of discharge to home. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms that lumbar surgery in the elderly is associated with increased morbidity. In particular, instrumented fusion is associated with periprocedural complications, prolonged hospitalization, and a decreased likelihood of being discharged home. However, fusion surgery is also associated with reduced mortality. Age alone should not be an exclusionary factor in identifying surgical candidates for instrumented lumbar spinal fusion. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings.

title: Perioperative morbidity and mortality after lumbar XXXX in the elderly.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Left ventricular (LV) function is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality after @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Changes in LV function have been examined during the early and late phases after @entity3 , but serial measurements of LV function during the subacute period have not been performed. To assess sequential changes in LV function during the subacute period after @entity3 , we used quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography to examine 22 @entity0 over a 1-year period. Twenty-one of the 22 @entity0 had a Q-wave @entity3 . Eleven had an anterior @entity3 and 10 had an inferior @entity3 ; their peak @entity4 phosphokinase (CPK) was 1213 mIU/ml +/- 14. Three weeks after acute @entity3 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ) had increased from 45% to 52%. Seven of 19 @entity0 showed an @entity5 < 43% at baseline. In five of these @entity0 , @entity5 improved, but in two @entity0 , @entity5 was still < 43% in week 3. There was a significant enlargement of LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (94 ml to 112 ml, p < 0.05) across the four observations but no change in LV end-systolic volume (LVESV; 54 ml to 56 ml, p = n.s.). When two groups (G1 [ @entity2 ], @entity5 < or = 43%; G2 [preserved], @entity5 > 43%) were compared, the group with @entity2 @entity5 demonstrated a higher probability of improvement in @entity5 (34% to 47%, p < 0.001) and @entity1 volume (38 ml to 65 ml, p < 0.01).

title: Serial assessment of left ventricular function after XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Social factors may enhance health effects of air pollution, yet empirical support is inconsistent. The interaction of social and environmental factors may only be evident with long-term exposures and outcomes that reflect long-term disease development. METHODS: We used cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity2 to assess left-ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We assigned residential concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), @entity5 of @entity3 , and @entity4 in the year 2000 to each @entity0 in 2000 using prediction models. We examined modifying roles of four measures of adversity: race/ethnicity, racial/ethnic residential segregation, and socioeconomic status and psychosocial adversity as composite indices on the association between air pollution and LVMI or LVEF. RESULTS: Compared with whites, blacks showed a stronger adjusted association between air pollution and LVMI. For example, for each 5   g/m greater PM2.5 level, whites showed a 1.0 g/m greater LVMI (95% confidence interval = -1.3, 3.1), while blacks showed an additional 4.0 g/m greater LVMI (95% confidence interval = 0.3, 8.2). Results were similar for @entity5 of @entity3 and @entity4 with regard to black race and LVMI. However, we found no evidence of a modifying role of other social factors or ethnic groups. Furthermore, we found no evidence of a modifying role for any social factors or racial/ethnic groups on the association between air pollution and LVEF. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that racial group membership may modify the association between air pollution and @entity1 .

title: Air Pollution, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Social Disadvantage: The Multi-ethnic Study of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rodents include both the @entity1 -susceptible short-lived @entity2 and the two unrelated @entity1 -resistant long-lived mole- @entity3 . In this work, their genomes were analyzed with the goal to reveal pathways enriched in genes, which are more similar between the mole- @entity3 than between the @entity2 and the @entity6 . The pathways related to cell cycle control were prominent. They include external signal transduction and all cell cycle stages. There are several stem cell pathways among them. The other enriched pathways involve ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation, immunity, mRNA splicing, and apoptosis. The ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation is a core of network of enriched pathways. However, this phenomenon is not specific for the @entity2 and the mole- @entity3 . The other muroid species  show features similar to the @entity2 , whereas the non-muroid rodents and the @entity0 show features similar to the mole- @entity3 . The higher ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous @entity5 substitutions (dN/dS) indicates the accelerated evolution of revealed pathways in the muroid rodents (except the blind mole- @entity3 ). Paradoxically, the dN/dS averaged over the whole genome is lower in the muroids, i.e., the purifying selection is generally stronger in them. In practical sense, these data suggest caveat for using muroid rodents ( @entity2 , @entity3 , and hamsters) as biomedical models of @entity0 conditions involving cell cycle and show the network of pathways where muroid genes are most different (compared with non-muroid) from @entity0 genes. The @entity4 is emphasized as a more suitable rodent model for biomedical research involving cell cycle.

title: Accelerated pathway evolution in XXXX -like rodents involves cell cycle control.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Global mortality of polytraumatised @entity0 presenting pelvic @entity2 remains high (330%), despite improvements in treatment algorithms in Level I @entity1 Centers. Many classifications have been developed in order to identify and analyse these pelvic ring lesions. However, it remains difficult to predict intra-pelvic @entity4 . The aim of this study was to identify pelvic ring anatomical lesions associated with significant @entity3 , susceptible to lead to life-threatening @entity4 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study focused on a retrospective analysis of @entity0 ' medical files, all of whom were admitted to one of the shock rooms of Grenoble University Hospital, France, between January 2004 and December 2008. Treatment was given according to the institutional algorithm of the Alps @entity1 Center and Emergency North Alpine Network @entity1 System (TRENAU). Different hemodynamical parameters at arrival were measured, and the @entity2 were classified according to Young and Burgess, Tile, Letournel and Denis. One hundred and ninety seven @entity0 were analysed. They were subdivided into two groups, embolised (Group E) and non-embolised (Group NE). RESULTS: Group NE included 171 @entity0 with a mean age of 40.2  8.7 years (15-90). Group E included 26 @entity0 with a mean age of 41.6  5.3 years (18-67). Twenty-six @entity0 died during the initial treatment phase. Eleven belonged to Group E and 15 to Group NE. Mortality was significantly higher in Group E (42.3% vs 8.8% in Group NE) (p<0.05). There were significantly many more Tile C unstable @entity2 in Group E (p=0.0014), and anterior lesions, according to Letournel, with pubic symphysis disruption were significantly more likely to lead to active @entity4 treated by selective embolisation (p=0.0014). Posterior pelvic ring lesions with iliac wing @entity2 and transforaminal sacral @entity2 ( @entity5 ) were also more frequently associated with @entity4 treated by embolisation (p=0.0088 and p=0.0369 respectively). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: It appears that in our series the primary identification and classification of osteo-ligamentous lesions (according to Letournel and Denis' classifications) allows to anticipate the importance of @entity4 and to adapt the management of @entity0 accordingly, in order to quickly organise angiography with embolisation.

title: Which pelvic XXXX are potentially lethal?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Nanoparticles hold great promise for delivering medical cargos to cancerous tissues to enhance contrast and sensitivity of imaging agents or to increase specificity and efficacy of therapeutics. A growing body of data suggests that nanoparticle shape, in combination with surface chemistry, affects their in vivo fates, with elongated filaments showing enhanced @entity0 targeting and tissue penetration, while promoting immune evasion. The synthesis of high aspect ratio filamentous materials at the nanoscale remains challenging using synthetic routes; therefore we turned toward nature's materials, developing and studying the filamentous structures formed by the plant virus @entity1 virus X ( @entity3 ). We recently demonstrated that @entity3 shows enhanced @entity0 homing in various preclinical models. Like other nanoparticle systems, the proteinaceous platform is cleared from circulation and tissues by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). To increase bioavailability we set out to develop PEGylated stealth filaments and evaluate the effects of @entity2 chain length and conformation on pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, as well as potential immune and inflammatory responses. We demonstrate that PEGylation effectively reduces immune recognition while increasing pharmacokinetic profiles. Stealth filaments show reduced interaction with cells of the MPS; the protein:polymer hybrids are cleared from the body tissues within hours to days indicating biodegradability and biocompatibility. Tissue compatibility is indicated with no apparent inflammatory signaling in vivo. Tailoring @entity2 chain length and conformation (brush vs. mushroom) allows tuning of the pharmacokinetics, yielding long-circulating stealth filaments for applications in nanomedicine.

title: Stealth filaments: Polymer chain length and conformation affect the in vivo fate of PEGylated XXXX virus X.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The immunological status, consisting of " @entity2 status" and "nutritional condition," is important for the survival of @entity0 with @entity1 , including @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reflects the @entity2 status, and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) reflects the immunological nutritional condition. In the present study, the correlation between the NLR and the PNI as well as the consistency and magnitude of the prognostic impact of the NLR and the PNI were investigated. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of data from 334 @entity0 who had undergone a curative resection for @entity4 . The NLR and the PNI were calculated, which was routinely performed before surgery. The correlations between the NLR and the PNI and survival were then evaluated. RESULTS: A clear inverse correlation was observed between the NLR and the PNI. The NLR was associated with sex, smoking history, the @entity3 level, @entity1 size, and vascular invasion. The PNI was associated with sex, age, smoking history, @entity1 size, histological type, @entity1 differentiation, and vascular invasion. @entity0 with NLR >= 2.5 had a significantly poorer survival outcome, and @entity0 with PNI <50 had a significantly poorer survival outcome. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, nodal metastasis, @entity1 differentiation, NLR, and PNI were independent predictors of disease-free and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between the NLR and the PNI, and a high NLR and a low PNI were significantly associated with a poor survival among @entity0 who had undergone a complete resection for @entity4 .

title: Preoperative neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and prognostic nutritional index predict survival in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The immunological status, consisting of " @entity2 status" and "nutritional condition," is important for the survival of @entity0 with @entity1 , including @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reflects the @entity2 status, and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) reflects the immunological nutritional condition. In the present study, the correlation between the NLR and the PNI as well as the consistency and magnitude of the prognostic impact of the NLR and the PNI were investigated. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of data from 334 @entity0 who had undergone a curative resection for @entity4 . The NLR and the PNI were calculated, which was routinely performed before surgery. The correlations between the NLR and the PNI and survival were then evaluated. RESULTS: A clear inverse correlation was observed between the NLR and the PNI. The NLR was associated with sex, smoking history, the @entity3 level, @entity1 size, and vascular invasion. The PNI was associated with sex, age, smoking history, @entity1 size, histological type, @entity1 differentiation, and vascular invasion. @entity0 with NLR >= 2.5 had a significantly poorer survival outcome, and @entity0 with PNI <50 had a significantly poorer survival outcome. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, nodal metastasis, @entity1 differentiation, NLR, and PNI were independent predictors of disease-free and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between the NLR and the PNI, and a high NLR and a low PNI were significantly associated with a poor survival among @entity0 who had undergone a complete resection for @entity4 .

title: Preoperative neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and prognostic nutritional index predict survival in XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to identify factors predictive of postoperative improvement of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) treated by subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation. BACKGROUND: Camptocormia, one of the most disabling features of @entity1 , often responds poorly to medical therapies. The reported effects of deep brain stimulation on @entity1 -associated @entity3 vary, and preoperative characteristics affecting the surgical outcome remain unclear. METHODS: We evaluated 17 @entity0 with @entity3 whose preoperative off-medication thoracolumbar angle exceeded 45  . We used photographs to measure their thoracolumbar angle preoperatively, 3   months after surgery, and at the last follow-up (mean 36.5   months postoperatively) in status on-medication and off-medication. The @entity0 age, duration of @entity1 and @entity3 , daily medications, Unified @entity1 Rating Scale (UPDRS) subscores and the Schwab-England activity of daily living scale (S-E) were also recorded. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors predictive of the postoperative improvement of @entity3 . RESULTS: STN stimulation significantly improved the UPDRS subscores and S-E, and resulted in a reduction of daily medications 3   months post-treatment. The preoperative thoracolumbar angle (mean  SD) in status off-medication (84.0  29.5  ) was significantly ameliorated 3   months postoperatively (49.8  29.3  ) and at the last follow-up (54.8  28.3  ). There was no correlation between the postoperative @entity3 improvement rate and preoperative parameters other than the duration and severity of @entity3 and the @entity2 responsiveness of the thoracolumbar angle. Symptom duration negatively affected @entity2 responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS: STN stimulation improves @entity1 -associated @entity3 in parallel with preoperative @entity2 responsiveness. Long symptom duration interferes with @entity2 responsiveness.

title: Subthalamic nucleus stimulation improves @entity1 in parallel to its preoperative XXXX responsiveness.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to identify factors predictive of postoperative improvement of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) treated by subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation. BACKGROUND: Camptocormia, one of the most disabling features of @entity1 , often responds poorly to medical therapies. The reported effects of deep brain stimulation on @entity1 -associated @entity3 vary, and preoperative characteristics affecting the surgical outcome remain unclear. METHODS: We evaluated 17 @entity0 with @entity3 whose preoperative off-medication thoracolumbar angle exceeded 45  . We used photographs to measure their thoracolumbar angle preoperatively, 3   months after surgery, and at the last follow-up (mean 36.5   months postoperatively) in status on-medication and off-medication. The @entity0 age, duration of @entity1 and @entity3 , daily medications, Unified @entity1 Rating Scale (UPDRS) subscores and the Schwab-England activity of daily living scale (S-E) were also recorded. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors predictive of the postoperative improvement of @entity3 . RESULTS: STN stimulation significantly improved the UPDRS subscores and S-E, and resulted in a reduction of daily medications 3   months post-treatment. The preoperative thoracolumbar angle (mean  SD) in status off-medication (84.0  29.5  ) was significantly ameliorated 3   months postoperatively (49.8  29.3  ) and at the last follow-up (54.8  28.3  ). There was no correlation between the postoperative @entity3 improvement rate and preoperative parameters other than the duration and severity of @entity3 and the @entity2 responsiveness of the thoracolumbar angle. Symptom duration negatively affected @entity2 responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS: STN stimulation improves @entity1 -associated @entity3 in parallel with preoperative @entity2 responsiveness. Long symptom duration interferes with @entity2 responsiveness.

title: Subthalamic nucleus stimulation improves XXXX in parallel to its preoperative @entity2 responsiveness.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to explore the mechanism of brain structure and function in unmedicated @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity0 with @entity1 and 50 matched healthy control @entity0 free of psychotropic medication underwent high-resolution structural and rsfMRI scanning. Optimized diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie algebra and the Data Processing Assistant for rsfMRI were used to find potential differences in gray-matter volume (GMV) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) between the two groups. A Pearson correlation model was used to analyze associations of morphometric and functional changes with clinical symptoms. RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, @entity0 with @entity1 showed significant GMV increase in the left posterior cingulate gyrus and GMV decrease in the left lingual gyrus (P<0.001, uncorrected). In ReHo analysis, values were significantly increased in the left precuneus and decreased in the left putamen (P<0.001, uncorrected) in @entity0 with @entity1 compared to healthy controls. There was no overlap between anatomical and functional changes. Linear correlation suggested no significant correlation between mean GMV values within regions with @entity2 and ReHo values in regions with functional abnormality in the @entity0 group. These changes were not significantly correlated with symptom severity. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests a dissociation pattern of brain regions with anatomical and functional alterations in unmedicated @entity0 with @entity1 , especially with regard to GMV and ReHo.

title: Anatomical and functional brain abnormalities in unmedicated XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: Leptin and ghrelin are two important appetite and energy balance-regulating peptides. Common polymorphisms in the genes coding these peptides and their related receptors are shown to be associated with body weight, different markers of @entity1 and @entity2 . This review article aims to investigate the association of common polymorphisms of these genes with overweight/ @entity1 and the @entity2 related to it. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The keywords leptin, ghrelin, polymorphism, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), @entity1 , overweight, Body Mass Index, @entity2 , and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) (MeSH headings) were used to search in the following databases: Pubmed, Sciencedirect (Elsevier), and Google scholar. Overall, 24 case-control studies, relevant to our topic, met the criteria and were included in the review. RESULTS: The most prevalent leptin/leptin receptor genes ( @entity3 / @entity6 ) and ghrelin/ @entity8 genes ( @entity5 / @entity8 ) single @entity4 polymorphisms studied were @entity3 @entity9 , @entity6 @entity7 , and @entity10 , respectively. Nine studies of the 17 studies on @entity3 / @entity6 , and three studies of the seven studies on @entity5 / @entity8 showed significant relationships. CONCLUSIONS: In general, our study suggests that the association between @entity3 / @entity6 and @entity5 / @entity8 with overweight/ @entity1 and the related @entity2 is inconclusive. These results may be due to unidentified gene-environment interactions. More investigations are needed to further clarify this association.

title: The Association of Polymorphisms in Leptin/Leptin Receptor Genes and Ghrelin/ XXXX Genes With Overweight/Obesity and the Related Metabolic Disturbances: A Review.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of @entity0 with cervical @entity3 ( @entity3 ) treated with cold knife cone (CKC) biopsy or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for the treatment of cervical @entity3 ( @entity3 ). STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective, population-based cohort study of Western Australian @entity0 with @entity3 diagnosed between 2001 and 2012. Outcomes included pathological margin status and the incidence of persistent or recurrent endocervical @entity1 ( @entity3 and @entity2 ) during follow-up (<12months) and surveillance (>= 12months) periods. RESULTS: The study group comprised 338 @entity0 including 107 (32%) treated initially by LEEP and 231 (68%) treated by CKC biopsy. The mean age was 33.2years (range 18 to 76years) and median follow-up interval was 3.6years (range <1year to 11.8years). Overall, 27 (8.0%) @entity0 had @entity3 persistence/recurrence while 9 (2.7%) were diagnosed with @entity2 during the follow-up and surveillance periods. No @entity0 died of cervical @entity1 within the study period. There were no significant differences in the incidence of persistent and/or recurrent endocervical @entity1 according to the type of excisional procedure. @entity0 with positive biopsy margins were 3.4 times more likely to have disease persistence or recurrence. CONCLUSION(S): LEEP and CKC biopsy appear equally effective in the treatment of @entity3 for @entity0 wishing to preserve fertility. @entity0 undergoing conservative management for @entity3 should be closely monitored, particularly if biopsy margins are positive in initial excision specimens. @entity0 and their clinicians should be aware of the potential risks of residual and recurrent disease.

title: Comparison of cold knife cone biopsy and loop electrosurgical excision procedure in the management of cervical XXXX : What is the gold standard?

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We present the use of selective cerebral perfusion via bilateral carotid artery cannulation in a @entity0 requiring complex reoperative aortic surgery. Reports describing this technique are limited. METHODS: A 66-year-old @entity0 with a previously repaired type A dissection and worsening @entity4 was found to have a giant ascending aortic @entity5 compressing the right pulmonary artery and vein secondary to dehiscence of the ascending aortic graft from the proximal and distal anastomoses. Moderate-to-severe @entity2 was shown by transthoracic echocardiogram. RESULTS: Cold blood selective cerebral perfusion via bilateral carotid artery cannulation was achieved using 14-French pediatric arterial cannulas (750 mL-1.0 L/min). The left ventricle was effectively decompressed via placement of an apical vent through a left anterolateral thoracotomy. Electroencephalographic quiescence was observed before sternal entry. We proceeded with replacement of the aortic arch under deep hypothermic @entity3 (34 minutes) and Cabrol root replacement. Cerebral blood flow was maintained throughout the case and the @entity0 suffered no @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Selective cerebral perfusion via carotid artery cannulation can safely preserve cerebral blood flow in the setting of complex reoperative surgery of the thoracic aorta.

title: Safe sternal reentry in the setting of a giant aortic @entity5 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We present the use of selective cerebral perfusion via bilateral carotid artery cannulation in a @entity0 requiring complex reoperative aortic surgery. Reports describing this technique are limited. METHODS: A 66-year-old @entity0 with a previously repaired type A dissection and worsening @entity4 was found to have a giant ascending aortic @entity5 compressing the right pulmonary artery and vein secondary to dehiscence of the ascending aortic graft from the proximal and distal anastomoses. Moderate-to-severe @entity2 was shown by transthoracic echocardiogram. RESULTS: Cold blood selective cerebral perfusion via bilateral carotid artery cannulation was achieved using 14-French pediatric arterial cannulas (750 mL-1.0 L/min). The left ventricle was effectively decompressed via placement of an apical vent through a left anterolateral thoracotomy. Electroencephalographic quiescence was observed before sternal entry. We proceeded with replacement of the aortic arch under deep hypothermic @entity3 (34 minutes) and Cabrol root replacement. Cerebral blood flow was maintained throughout the case and the @entity0 suffered no @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Selective cerebral perfusion via carotid artery cannulation can safely preserve cerebral blood flow in the setting of complex reoperative surgery of the thoracic aorta.

title: Safe sternal reentry in the setting of a giant aortic XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The aim of this study is to explore the effect of zerumbone, a natural sesquiterpene isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith, on high glucose-induced @entity2 in pancreatic b cells. @entity4 @entity1 pancreatic b cells were treated with 33 mM glucose with or without different concentrations of zerumbone and cell viability and apoptosis were assessed. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the action of zerumbone was examined. Notably, zerumbone significantly (P < 0.05) prevented the reduction of cell viability induced by high glucose. Such protection was in a concentration-dependent fashion up to 60  M of zerumbone. @entity8 /propidium iodide staining analysis showed that zerumbone impaired the apoptotic response of high glucose-treated @entity4 cells, which was coupled with a significant decline in cleaved caspase-3 and @entity3 . Pretreatment with the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine abrogated the phosphorylation of @entity7 and @entity6 induced by high glucose. Zerumbone significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the generation of ROS and the phosphorylation of @entity7 and @entity6 MAPKs in high glucose-treated @entity4 cells. Pharmacological activation of @entity7 and @entity6 with anisomycin reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of zerumbone. Additionally, simultaneous inhibition of @entity7 and @entity6 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the apoptotic response in high glucose-treated @entity4 cells. In conclusion, zerumbone confers protection against high glucose-induced apoptosis of @entity4 pancreatic b cells, largely through interfering with ROS production and @entity7 and @entity6 activation. Zerumbone may have potential therapeutic effects against @entity5 -induced b cell damage in @entity0 .

title: Zerumbone protects XXXX @entity1 pancreatic beta cells from high glucose-induced apoptosis through generation of reactive oxygen species.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The aim of this study is to explore the effect of zerumbone, a natural sesquiterpene isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith, on high glucose-induced @entity2 in pancreatic b cells. @entity4 @entity1 pancreatic b cells were treated with 33 mM glucose with or without different concentrations of zerumbone and cell viability and apoptosis were assessed. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the action of zerumbone was examined. Notably, zerumbone significantly (P < 0.05) prevented the reduction of cell viability induced by high glucose. Such protection was in a concentration-dependent fashion up to 60  M of zerumbone. @entity8 /propidium iodide staining analysis showed that zerumbone impaired the apoptotic response of high glucose-treated @entity4 cells, which was coupled with a significant decline in cleaved caspase-3 and @entity3 . Pretreatment with the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine abrogated the phosphorylation of @entity7 and @entity6 induced by high glucose. Zerumbone significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the generation of ROS and the phosphorylation of @entity7 and @entity6 MAPKs in high glucose-treated @entity4 cells. Pharmacological activation of @entity7 and @entity6 with anisomycin reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of zerumbone. Additionally, simultaneous inhibition of @entity7 and @entity6 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the apoptotic response in high glucose-treated @entity4 cells. In conclusion, zerumbone confers protection against high glucose-induced apoptosis of @entity4 pancreatic b cells, largely through interfering with ROS production and @entity7 and @entity6 activation. Zerumbone may have potential therapeutic effects against @entity5 -induced b cell damage in @entity0 .

title: Zerumbone protects @entity4 XXXX pancreatic beta cells from high glucose-induced apoptosis through generation of reactive oxygen species.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 (PRL) is important in the regulation of milk synthesis in mammary epithelial cells (MEC). In @entity0 , circulating levels of PRL are not limiting, suggesting the possible involvement of other factors that may control the response to PRL at the cellular level. The effects of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on milk synthesis are controlled locally within mammary glands and involve PRL signaling. To further investigate this relationship between @entity1 and PRL signaling, udder halves of 17 dairy @entity0 were milked either 4 times a day (4*) or once a day (1*) for 14 d in early lactation. Mammary biopsies were obtained 3 to 5h following milking from both udder halves of 10 @entity0 , and changes in PRL and associated pathways were measured. The abundance of @entity3 mRNA was higher after 4* milking, whereas that of the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity4 were lower relative to that after 1* milking. In 4* mammary tissues, the protein levels of STAT5, activated STAT5, and b1-integrin were higher, whereas the those of the long isoform of @entity6 and activated @entity4 were lower than 1* tissues. The activation of STAT5 correlated strongly with major @entity5 mRNA abundance (r=0.86 to 0.94) and b1-integrin protein levels (r=0.91). These results confirm that major @entity5 gene expression is associated with STAT5 activation and suggests that the STAT5 and b1-integrin signaling pathways are linked. Modulation of b1-integrin abundance in response to changes in @entity1 may be a mechanism that controls the MEC ability to respond to PRL and therefore its secretory activity.

title: Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is linked to b1-integrin protein abundance in unilaterally milked XXXX mammary glands.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Optimal management of @entity0 with diffuse incidental @entity5 (Stage A2) is an unresolved issue. Current forms of therapy include radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, and no treatment. Long-term results with curative therapy have been unreported because of the relatively recent substaging of Stage A into incidental and @entity3 . The results of radical prostatectomy in 25 @entity0 with Stage A2 @entity5 were reviewed. @entity6 was the most serious complication and occurred in four @entity0 (16%). Pathologically, 24 @entity0 (96%) had @entity4 present in the radical prostatectomy specimen. In 22 @entity0 (88%) the @entity2 was entirely confined to the prostate. Two @entity0 (8%) demonstrated @entity1 , and one (4%) had capsular penetration. In follow-up metastatic disease has developed in one @entity0 , and another died without evidence of @entity2 . The remaining @entity0 are alive without evidence of disease. Since 88% of @entity0 with Stage A2 disease have their @entity2 entirely confined to the prostate, radical prostatectomy offers an excellent chance of long-term cure, as in Stage B @entity5 .

title: Efficacy of radical prostatectomy for stage A2 XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity0 are rare @entity0 displaying two distinct cell populations developing in juxtaposition to one another without areas of intermingling. They are rare entities with only 63 cases described in English literature. @entity0 encountered are @entity1 colliding with @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity0 . Their cell origin is obsolete by the time of diagnosis. Different tumorigenesis theories have been suggested to explain their behavior, yet none has managed to provide satisfactory explanation for all cases. Clinically they are indistinguishable from the dominant @entity0 . Lack of data does not allow detailed assessment of their behavior yet they seem aggressive @entity0 with dismal prognosis. The majority of cases have been diagnosed postoperatively during histologic examination of specimens. There are no guidelines or concrete evidence to support best way of adjuvant or other types of treatment. However, these rare @entity0 might help in unlocking secrets of @entity0 behavior including tumorigenesis, differentiation, and adhesion and thus clinicians should be aware of their existence.

title: XXXX : an insight into their origin and clinical significance.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are the most common diagnoses of low back and leg @entity1 symptoms. This study aimed to cross-culturally translate, and validate the Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI) in Iran. METHODS: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original questionnaire were performed in accordance with published guidelines. A total of 121 @entity0 with @entity4 or @entity5 were asked to respond to the questionnaire at two points in time: Pre and postoperative assessments (6 months follow-up). The @entity2 Index (ODI) also was completed. To test the reliability, the internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and validity was assessed using convergent validity. Responsiveness to change also was assessed for comparing @entity0 ' pre and postoperative scores. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the COMI at pre and postoperative assessments ranged from 0.79 to 0.82, indicating a good internal consistency. The change in the ODI after surgery was strongly correlated with change in the COMI, lending support to its good convergent validity (r = 0.79 for @entity4 and r = 0.77 for @entity5 ; P < 0.001). In addition, the correlation of each item with its hypothesized subscale of the COMI showed satisfactory results suggesting, that the items had a substantial association with the subscale, representing the concept. Further analysis also indicated that the questionnaire was responsive to change (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The Iranian version of COMI performed well, and the findings suggest that it is a reliable and valid measure of back @entity1 treatment evaluation among @entity4 and lumbar canal @entity3 @entity0 .

title: An outcome measure of functionality and XXXX in @entity0 with low back disorder: A validation study of the Iranian version of Core Outcome Measures Index.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are the most common diagnoses of low back and leg @entity1 symptoms. This study aimed to cross-culturally translate, and validate the Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI) in Iran. METHODS: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original questionnaire were performed in accordance with published guidelines. A total of 121 @entity0 with @entity4 or @entity5 were asked to respond to the questionnaire at two points in time: Pre and postoperative assessments (6 months follow-up). The @entity2 Index (ODI) also was completed. To test the reliability, the internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and validity was assessed using convergent validity. Responsiveness to change also was assessed for comparing @entity0 ' pre and postoperative scores. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the COMI at pre and postoperative assessments ranged from 0.79 to 0.82, indicating a good internal consistency. The change in the ODI after surgery was strongly correlated with change in the COMI, lending support to its good convergent validity (r = 0.79 for @entity4 and r = 0.77 for @entity5 ; P < 0.001). In addition, the correlation of each item with its hypothesized subscale of the COMI showed satisfactory results suggesting, that the items had a substantial association with the subscale, representing the concept. Further analysis also indicated that the questionnaire was responsive to change (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The Iranian version of COMI performed well, and the findings suggest that it is a reliable and valid measure of back @entity1 treatment evaluation among @entity4 and lumbar canal @entity3 @entity0 .

title: An outcome measure of functionality and @entity1 in XXXX with low back disorder: A validation study of the Iranian version of Core Outcome Measures Index.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This is a retrospective study from January 2002 to December 2012 analyzing the results of microsurgical clipping for @entity3 arising from the @entity1 ( @entity1 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity0 with @entity1 were evaluated with computerized tomography angiography and/or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) prior to surgery. All @entity0 in our series underwent microsurgical clipping and postoperative DSA to assess the extent of @entity3 . The Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and the modified Rankin's scale (mRS) were used to grade their postoperative neurological status at discharge and 6 months, respectively. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity0 had @entity1 @entity3 (ruptured-9, unruptured-5). There were 10 females and 4 males with the mean age of 47.2 years (median - 46 years, range = 24-66 years). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was seen in 11 @entity0 . The mean duration of symptoms was 2.5 days (range = 1-7 days). The WFNS score at presentation was as follows: Grade 1 in 10 cases, II in 2 cases, III in 1 case and IV in 1 case. In the 9 cases with @entity6 , average size of the @entity6 was 7.3 mm (range = 2.5-27 mm, median = 4.9 mm). The subtemporal approach was used in the first 7 cases. The extradural temporopolar (EDTP) approach was used in the last 5 cases. Complications include @entity7 (n = 6), @entity8 (n = 5) and @entity5 (n = 3). Two @entity0 died following surgery. At mean follow-up 33.8 months (median - 25 months, range = 19-96 months), no @entity0 had a rebleed. At discharge 9 (64%), had a GOS of 4 or 5 and 3 (21%) had a GOS of 3. At 6 months follow-up, 10/14 (71%) @entity0 had mRS of 0-2, and 2 (14%) had mRS of 5. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 are uncommon and tend to rupture even when the @entity3 size is small (<7 mm). They commonly present with @entity4 . The EDTP approach avoids complication caused by temporal lobe retraction and injury to the vein of Labbe.

title: Microsurgical management of XXXX of the @entity1 - lessons learnt: An experience of 14 consecutive cases and review of the literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This is a retrospective study from January 2002 to December 2012 analyzing the results of microsurgical clipping for @entity3 arising from the @entity1 ( @entity1 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity0 with @entity1 were evaluated with computerized tomography angiography and/or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) prior to surgery. All @entity0 in our series underwent microsurgical clipping and postoperative DSA to assess the extent of @entity3 . The Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and the modified Rankin's scale (mRS) were used to grade their postoperative neurological status at discharge and 6 months, respectively. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity0 had @entity1 @entity3 (ruptured-9, unruptured-5). There were 10 females and 4 males with the mean age of 47.2 years (median - 46 years, range = 24-66 years). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was seen in 11 @entity0 . The mean duration of symptoms was 2.5 days (range = 1-7 days). The WFNS score at presentation was as follows: Grade 1 in 10 cases, II in 2 cases, III in 1 case and IV in 1 case. In the 9 cases with @entity6 , average size of the @entity6 was 7.3 mm (range = 2.5-27 mm, median = 4.9 mm). The subtemporal approach was used in the first 7 cases. The extradural temporopolar (EDTP) approach was used in the last 5 cases. Complications include @entity7 (n = 6), @entity8 (n = 5) and @entity5 (n = 3). Two @entity0 died following surgery. At mean follow-up 33.8 months (median - 25 months, range = 19-96 months), no @entity0 had a rebleed. At discharge 9 (64%), had a GOS of 4 or 5 and 3 (21%) had a GOS of 3. At 6 months follow-up, 10/14 (71%) @entity0 had mRS of 0-2, and 2 (14%) had mRS of 5. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 are uncommon and tend to rupture even when the @entity3 size is small (<7 mm). They commonly present with @entity4 . The EDTP approach avoids complication caused by temporal lobe retraction and injury to the vein of Labbe.

title: Microsurgical management of @entity3 of the XXXX - lessons learnt: An experience of 14 consecutive cases and review of the literature.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a common @entity1 in the pediatric population, accounting for 25% of all childhood @entity2 and relatively uncommon in adults. This review was to investigate treatment outcome and prognostic factors after treatment of @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 53 @entity0 with histological confirmed @entity4 cases treated at our institute between 2006 and 2012 were included in the study. Demographic variables, clinical variables, radiological findings and treatment details with respect to age, sex, signs and symptoms, location of @entity1 , extent of surgical resection, histopathology type, radiotherapy dose, follow-up period and outcomes were recorded. Survival was analyzed by using these parameters. RESULTS: Thirty-one (58.5%) @entity0 were pediatric (<14 years), and 22 (41.5%) @entity0 were adults (>= 14 years). Duration of symptoms were <3 months in 19 (36%) and more than 3 months in 34 (64%) @entity0 . @entity1 resection was performed in all @entity0 with gross total resection in 8 (15%) @entity0 , near total resection in 34 (64%) @entity0 and subtotal resection in 11 (21%) @entity0 . All @entity0 underwent postoperative craniospinal irradiation (CSI) delivering a median craniospinal dose of 36 Gy with additional boosts to the posterior fossa up to 54 Gy. Median overall survival was 50 months for the total group whereas 36 months for pediatric age group and 70 months for adult group. @entity3 histology showed an improved outcome compared with other histologies with a median survival of 71 months compared with that of classical @entity4 histology being 36 months and other histologies shown a median survival of 34 only. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity4 with surgery and CSI yields long survival rates in both @entity0 and adults. Adult age group and desmoplastic histology were associated with a favorable outcome.

title: XXXX : A common @entity1 : Prognostic factors and predictors of outcome.

answer: @entity4