abstract: We report the isolation and characterization of a new @entity2 hyper-nodulation mutant, designated sunn (super numeric nodules). Similar to the previously described @entity1 -insensitive mutant sickle, sunn exhibits a 10-fold increase in the number of nodules within the primary nodulation zone. Despite this general similarity, these two mutants are readily distinguished based on anatomical, genetic, physiological, and molecular criteria. In contrast to sickle, where insensitivity to @entity1 is thought to be causal to the hyper-nodulation phenotype (R.V. Penmetsa, D.R. Cook [1997] Science 275: 527-530), nodulation in sunn is normally sensitive to @entity1 . Nevertheless, sunn exhibits seedling root growth that is insensitive to @entity1 , although other aspects of the @entity1 triple response are normal; these observations suggest that hormonal responses might condition the sunn phenotype in a manner distinct from sickle. The two mutants also differ in the anatomy of the nodulation zone: Successful @entity0 and nodule development in sunn occur predominantly opposite xylem poles, similar to wild type. In sickle, however, both @entity0 and nodulation occur randomly throughout the circumference of the developing root. Genetic analysis indicates that sunn and sickle correspond to separate and unlinked loci, whereas the sunn/skl double mutant exhibits a novel and additive super-nodulation phenotype. Taken together, these results suggest a working hypothesis wherein sunn and sickle define distinct genetic pathways, with skl regulating the number and distribution of successful @entity0 events, and sunn regulating nodule organogenesis.

title: Dual genetic pathways controlling nodule number in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the principles and preliminary results of plaque brachytherapy for selected @entity9 . METHODS: A custom-designed @entity7 -125 plaque, designed to deliver a target dose of 50 Gray, was placed surgically in the region from which an @entity9 was partially resected. The mean dose to the target area was 50 Gray. The initial and follow-up @entity0 data were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 8 @entity0 , the diagnosis was @entity8 of the lacrimal gland (4 cases), orbital invasion by @entity6 (2), orbital extension of @entity5 (1), and @entity4 (1). Of the 4 with @entity8 , there was microscopic @entity3 after excision and orbital exenteration was considered. Three have @entity2 control with follow-up of 1, 3, and 6 years. One @entity0 required exenteration for recurrence separate from the field of brachytherapy and is free of @entity2 after 10 years. All 4 @entity0 are alive and well with @entity2 control. Of the 2 @entity0 with orbital extension of @entity6 , @entity2 control without recurrence has been achieved in both after 2 years. The @entity0 with orbital @entity1 responded to plaque radiotherapy, with no orbital recurrence, but died of systemic @entity1 . The @entity0 with orbital @entity5 had local orbital recurrence separate from the area of irradiation and is currently being treated for systemic @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on preliminary observations, plaque radiotherapy appears to be a reasonable alternative to exenteration and external irradiation for selected @entity9 .

title: Plaque radiotherapy for selected XXXX : preliminary observations: the 2002 Montgomery Lecture, part 2.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Noise has always been an important environmental public health issue for mankind. Although reports exist on hippocampal-dependent @entity1 due to noise, there are only a few studies that have examined the effects of recovery from noise stress on @entity1 . Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of recovery from chronic noise exposure on @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, the detrimental effects of noise stress on young male @entity0 in the Morris water maze (MWM) were investigated at 1, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days after the discontinuation of chronic noise exposure of 80 dB or 100 dB for 4 h per day, for 30 days. The levels of @entity5 neurotransmitters in the hippocampus were also evaluated by HPLC-EC at the end of each behavioral test. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that @entity0 in the noise-treated groups failed to reach the same level of performance as the controls in the MWM. Further, the levels of @entity3 (DA), @entity4 (NE) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were significantly decreased in the hippocampus after noise exposure. However, the reduction in @entity5 levels and impaired water maze performance recovered over time, so that by 30th day after cessation of noise exposure the 80 dB group showed no performance difference from the controls, and by 40th day, the 100 dB group also showed no performance difference from the control. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that noise impaired LM in young male @entity0 and reduced @entity5 neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. However, the noise-induced water maze deficits recovered over time, and the concurrent restoration of hippocampal @entity5 neurotransmitter levels suggest that they are involved in @entity1 .

title: Recovery of chronic noise exposure induced XXXX in young male @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Noise has always been an important environmental public health issue for mankind. Although reports exist on hippocampal-dependent @entity1 due to noise, there are only a few studies that have examined the effects of recovery from noise stress on @entity1 . Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of recovery from chronic noise exposure on @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, the detrimental effects of noise stress on young male @entity0 in the Morris water maze (MWM) were investigated at 1, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days after the discontinuation of chronic noise exposure of 80 dB or 100 dB for 4 h per day, for 30 days. The levels of @entity5 neurotransmitters in the hippocampus were also evaluated by HPLC-EC at the end of each behavioral test. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that @entity0 in the noise-treated groups failed to reach the same level of performance as the controls in the MWM. Further, the levels of @entity3 (DA), @entity4 (NE) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were significantly decreased in the hippocampus after noise exposure. However, the reduction in @entity5 levels and impaired water maze performance recovered over time, so that by 30th day after cessation of noise exposure the 80 dB group showed no performance difference from the controls, and by 40th day, the 100 dB group also showed no performance difference from the control. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that noise impaired LM in young male @entity0 and reduced @entity5 neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. However, the noise-induced water maze deficits recovered over time, and the concurrent restoration of hippocampal @entity5 neurotransmitter levels suggest that they are involved in @entity1 .

title: Recovery of chronic noise exposure induced @entity6 in young male XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: As a noninvasive method of examination, conventional computer tomography (CT) has assumed an important role in assessment of pathologic anatomy of the heart. In contrast, previously, CT has not been applied for routine investigations of myocardial perfusion. In this study, a new method is described which, with intravenous injection of contrast medium, enables delineation of perfusion differences in the myocardium. Studies were performed in ten healthy male subjects and 71 @entity0 with angiographically-documented @entity1 with a Somatom SF ( @entity3 ) with a scanning time of five seconds. Prior to contrast injection, a native scan was obtained in the short axis view of the left ventricle as well as in apical and central view. After injection of 30 ml of contrast medium through a 7F ring catheter positioned in the inferior vena cava, imaging was again performed and then repeated subsequent to administration of 0.5 mg/kg @entity2 . Quantitative evaluation of the CT images was carried out through circumferential analysis of the apical and central segments. The circumference was divided into 60 segments of six degrees each and for each segment ten density measurements were performed to obtain average values subendocardially, intramurally and subepicardially. After correction for the density value of the ascending aorta in healthy subjects, the density profile was constructed. The density profile of the healthy subjects was designated as the mean value curve. The circumferential profile of @entity0 with @entity1 was tested against the mean value curve from which two indexes for description of perfusion disturbances were defined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Perfusion studies of the myocardium using computerized tomography. Comparative studies in normal XXXX and @entity0 with coronary heart disease].

answer: @entity0


abstract: As a noninvasive method of examination, conventional computer tomography (CT) has assumed an important role in assessment of pathologic anatomy of the heart. In contrast, previously, CT has not been applied for routine investigations of myocardial perfusion. In this study, a new method is described which, with intravenous injection of contrast medium, enables delineation of perfusion differences in the myocardium. Studies were performed in ten healthy male subjects and 71 @entity0 with angiographically-documented @entity1 with a Somatom SF ( @entity3 ) with a scanning time of five seconds. Prior to contrast injection, a native scan was obtained in the short axis view of the left ventricle as well as in apical and central view. After injection of 30 ml of contrast medium through a 7F ring catheter positioned in the inferior vena cava, imaging was again performed and then repeated subsequent to administration of 0.5 mg/kg @entity2 . Quantitative evaluation of the CT images was carried out through circumferential analysis of the apical and central segments. The circumference was divided into 60 segments of six degrees each and for each segment ten density measurements were performed to obtain average values subendocardially, intramurally and subepicardially. After correction for the density value of the ascending aorta in healthy subjects, the density profile was constructed. The density profile of the healthy subjects was designated as the mean value curve. The circumferential profile of @entity0 with @entity1 was tested against the mean value curve from which two indexes for description of perfusion disturbances were defined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Perfusion studies of the myocardium using computerized tomography. Comparative studies in normal @entity0 and XXXX with coronary heart disease].

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Systemic safety surveillance is an essential component of vaccination programmes to elucidate the full safety profile of a vaccine and to detect previously unrecognized adverse reactions that might be related to new vaccines. This article summarizes the spontaneous adverse drug reactions (ADR) from approximately 12 million administered doses of the pandemic @entity2 -adjuvanted H1N1v vaccine (Focetria  , Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics) from the mass vaccination programmes in Europe. METHODS: All ADR reports from October 2009 to March 2010 were included in the analyses and classified according to Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. Adverse events of special interest were compared with pooled spontaneous case reports for seasonal @entity1 vaccines, and signal detection analyses were performed. RESULTS: In the reporting period we received a total of 5315 pandemic vaccine ADR reports, of which 19.9% were serious. The reporting rate was higher after H1N1 pandemic vaccines, i.e. 44.3 cases/100.000 doses, than for seasonal @entity1 vaccines covering the same time period, i.e. 1.7 cases/100.000 doses. The majority of reports included expected local and systemic postvaccination reactions. Rates for adverse events of special interest, for example, @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity0 showed no signs of disproportionality between the pandemic and the seasonal vaccines. There were 36 deaths reported after use of the pandemic vaccine; however, no evidence for a causal relationship with the vaccine was found. CONCLUSION: The analyses of the spontaneously reported adverse events support the good safety profile of the @entity2 -adjuvanted H1N1v pandemic @entity1 vaccine.

title: Passive surveillance of adverse events of an XXXX -adjuvanted H1N1v vaccine during the pandemic mass vaccinations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 @entity1 binding proteins have long been known to express in the adult nervous system, but their distribution in the developing brain, especially the @entity0 fetal brain, is largely unknown. We used an immunohistochemical method to determine the expression of three @entity2 proteins, namely @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 , in the @entity0 fetal hippocampus and temporal cortex from 12 to 33 weeks of gestation. At 12 weeks, @entity5 was strongly expressed in the cells and fibers of the polymorphic, pyramidal, and molecular layers of the hippocampus. Thereafter, its expression decreased with age. In the temporal cortex, @entity5 expression was detected from 12 weeks onwards, peaked at 20 to 24 weeks, and then decreased with age. The horizontal fibers of the marginal zone were immunoreactive at all stages examined. @entity4 immunoreactivity was also detected in both cells and fibers of the hippocampus at 12 weeks, became slightly stronger at 20 weeks, and then decreased with age. In the temporal cortex, @entity4 immunoreactivity was also strong in all cellular layers at 12 to 24 weeks before it declined with age from 28 weeks onwards. Among the three proteins examined, @entity3 showed the weakest expression, which was detected in the cells and fibers of the hippocampus and the temporal cortex at all stages examined. Our results have demonstrated for the first time, in the @entity0 fetal hippocampus and temporal cortex, specific spatio-temporal patterns of expression of these proteins, all of which are likely to have different roles to play during development despite their pronounced sequence homology.

title: Differential expression of XXXX proteins in the developing @entity0 hippocampus and temporal cortex.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 @entity1 binding proteins have long been known to express in the adult nervous system, but their distribution in the developing brain, especially the @entity0 fetal brain, is largely unknown. We used an immunohistochemical method to determine the expression of three @entity2 proteins, namely @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 , in the @entity0 fetal hippocampus and temporal cortex from 12 to 33 weeks of gestation. At 12 weeks, @entity5 was strongly expressed in the cells and fibers of the polymorphic, pyramidal, and molecular layers of the hippocampus. Thereafter, its expression decreased with age. In the temporal cortex, @entity5 expression was detected from 12 weeks onwards, peaked at 20 to 24 weeks, and then decreased with age. The horizontal fibers of the marginal zone were immunoreactive at all stages examined. @entity4 immunoreactivity was also detected in both cells and fibers of the hippocampus at 12 weeks, became slightly stronger at 20 weeks, and then decreased with age. In the temporal cortex, @entity4 immunoreactivity was also strong in all cellular layers at 12 to 24 weeks before it declined with age from 28 weeks onwards. Among the three proteins examined, @entity3 showed the weakest expression, which was detected in the cells and fibers of the hippocampus and the temporal cortex at all stages examined. Our results have demonstrated for the first time, in the @entity0 fetal hippocampus and temporal cortex, specific spatio-temporal patterns of expression of these proteins, all of which are likely to have different roles to play during development despite their pronounced sequence homology.

title: Differential expression of @entity2 proteins in the developing XXXX hippocampus and temporal cortex.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Infections caused by the parasite @entity12 are endemic to Southeast Asia. @entity4 reported in the United States are among immigrants who acquired the disease abroad. Due to the nonspecific nature of its presentation and rarity in the United States, the diagnosis may first be suggested by the pathologist on biopsy review. Definitive diagnosis may need serologic testing for confirmation. We report 4 cases of @entity3 caused by United States-acquired @entity12 , which were identified in the consultation files of the authors. @entity0 (3 @entity0 and 1 @entity0 ; aged, 20 to 66 y) presented with pulmonary complaints and @entity5 including cavitary infiltrates (2), lung mass (1), @entity6 (1), and pneumothorax (1). Biopsies showed @entity14 and @entity9 in all cases. Other pathologic findings included @entity1 with geographic @entity2 (3), @entity7 (3), and @entity10 (3). @entity12 organisms and/or eggs were identified in 2 cases. Serologic studies were positive for @entity12 in 3 cases (2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 1 immunoblot). Three @entity0 ate live crabs at sushi bars (including crabs in martinis, a previously unreported mechanism for @entity4 ). In 1 @entity0 , the source of @entity4 was uncertain. @entity13 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity0 with @entity8 in the United States. Although @entity11 was a consistent finding, the biopsies may be nonspecific as the organisms and/or eggs are not always visualized. Unusual features include marked @entity10 , foci of geographic @entity2 and @entity7 . A history of ingestion and targeted serologies are the keys to diagnosis.

title: @entity4 by XXXX in the United States: a rare cause of @entity11 after ingestion of live crabs.

answer: @entity12


abstract: Infections caused by the parasite @entity12 are endemic to Southeast Asia. @entity4 reported in the United States are among immigrants who acquired the disease abroad. Due to the nonspecific nature of its presentation and rarity in the United States, the diagnosis may first be suggested by the pathologist on biopsy review. Definitive diagnosis may need serologic testing for confirmation. We report 4 cases of @entity3 caused by United States-acquired @entity12 , which were identified in the consultation files of the authors. @entity0 (3 @entity0 and 1 @entity0 ; aged, 20 to 66 y) presented with pulmonary complaints and @entity5 including cavitary infiltrates (2), lung mass (1), @entity6 (1), and pneumothorax (1). Biopsies showed @entity14 and @entity9 in all cases. Other pathologic findings included @entity1 with geographic @entity2 (3), @entity7 (3), and @entity10 (3). @entity12 organisms and/or eggs were identified in 2 cases. Serologic studies were positive for @entity12 in 3 cases (2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 1 immunoblot). Three @entity0 ate live crabs at sushi bars (including crabs in martinis, a previously unreported mechanism for @entity4 ). In 1 @entity0 , the source of @entity4 was uncertain. @entity13 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity0 with @entity8 in the United States. Although @entity11 was a consistent finding, the biopsies may be nonspecific as the organisms and/or eggs are not always visualized. Unusual features include marked @entity10 , foci of geographic @entity2 and @entity7 . A history of ingestion and targeted serologies are the keys to diagnosis.

title: @entity4 by @entity12 in the United States: a rare cause of XXXX after ingestion of live crabs.

answer: @entity11


abstract: Infections caused by the parasite @entity12 are endemic to Southeast Asia. @entity4 reported in the United States are among immigrants who acquired the disease abroad. Due to the nonspecific nature of its presentation and rarity in the United States, the diagnosis may first be suggested by the pathologist on biopsy review. Definitive diagnosis may need serologic testing for confirmation. We report 4 cases of @entity3 caused by United States-acquired @entity12 , which were identified in the consultation files of the authors. @entity0 (3 @entity0 and 1 @entity0 ; aged, 20 to 66 y) presented with pulmonary complaints and @entity5 including cavitary infiltrates (2), lung mass (1), @entity6 (1), and pneumothorax (1). Biopsies showed @entity14 and @entity9 in all cases. Other pathologic findings included @entity1 with geographic @entity2 (3), @entity7 (3), and @entity10 (3). @entity12 organisms and/or eggs were identified in 2 cases. Serologic studies were positive for @entity12 in 3 cases (2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 1 immunoblot). Three @entity0 ate live crabs at sushi bars (including crabs in martinis, a previously unreported mechanism for @entity4 ). In 1 @entity0 , the source of @entity4 was uncertain. @entity13 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity0 with @entity8 in the United States. Although @entity11 was a consistent finding, the biopsies may be nonspecific as the organisms and/or eggs are not always visualized. Unusual features include marked @entity10 , foci of geographic @entity2 and @entity7 . A history of ingestion and targeted serologies are the keys to diagnosis.

title: XXXX by @entity12 in the United States: a rare cause of @entity11 after ingestion of live crabs.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite maximum medical and mechanical support therapy, @entity3 remains a relentlessly progressive disorder with substantial morbidity and mortality. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved process of cellular cannibalization, has been implicated in virtually all forms of @entity1 . Indeed, its role is context dependent, antagonizing or promoting disease depending on the circumstance. Here, we review current understanding of the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of @entity3 and explore this pathway as a target of therapeutic intervention. RECENT FINDINGS: In preclinical models of @entity2 , cardiomyocyte autophagic flux is activated; indeed, its role in disease pathogenesis is the subject of intense investigation to define mechanism. Similarly, in failing @entity0 heart of a variety of etiologies, cardiomyocyte autophagic activity is upregulated, and therapy, such as with mechanical support systems, elicits declines in autophagy activity. However, when suppression of autophagy is complete, rapid and catastrophic cell death occurs, consistent with a model in which basal autophagic flux is required for proteostasis. Thus, a narrow zone of 'optimal' autophagy seems to exist. The challenge moving forward is to tune the stress-triggered autophagic response within that 'sweet spot' range for therapeutic benefit. SUMMARY: Whereas we have known for some years of the participation of lysosomal mechanisms in @entity2 , it is only recently that upstream mechanisms (autophagy) are being explored. The challenge for the future is to dissect the underlying circuitry and titrate the response into an optimal, proteostasis-promoting range in hopes of mitigating the ever-expanding epidemic of @entity3 .

title: Tuning flux: autophagy as a target of XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nondipping, defined as a less than 10% decline in Night:Day (N:D) ratio of blood pressure using 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, is associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes. However, its reproducibility has been questioned in @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five of 29 recruited @entity2 or @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 completed ambulatory blood pressure monitoring on two occasions, 7-15 days apart, on a stable antihypertensive regimen. Daytime and night-time were defined as 6:00-21:59 h and 22:00-5:59 h, respectively. Correlation and concordance coefficients for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure ( @entity4 ), and heart rate were determined based on N:D and Asleep:Awake (A:A) ratios. Consistency of dipping was assessed by using Cohen's Kappa statistics. RESULTS: Mean (  standard deviation) for age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, differences in daytime and night-time SBP and @entity4 were 43.12 years (8.55 years), 63.1 ml/min (20.5 ml/min), 11.74 mmHg (8.2 mmHg), and 10.82 mmHg (6.4 mmHg), respectively. Seventeen of 25 (68%) and 18 of 25 (72%) @entity0 maintained the same dipping category based on D:N or A:A separation. Cohen's Kappa was 0.34 for D:N ratio and 0.38 for A:A ratio. Correlation and concordance coefficients were 0.89 and 0.88 for daytime SBP, 0.91 and 0.91 for daytime @entity4 , 0.79 and 0.78 for night-time SBP, 0.81 and 0.80 for night-time @entity4 , 0.58 and 0.56 for N:D ratio of SBP, and 0.56 and 0.53 for N:D ratio of @entity4 . Coefficients for A:A ratio were almost identical to N:D values except for A:A ratios of SBP (0.69 and 0.67) and @entity4 (0.48 and 0.45). CONCLUSION: Repeated measures of SBP and @entity4 , 7-15 days apart, are highly correlative and concordant in the studied population, but nondipping, even though predominant, was found to be modestly reproducible.

title: Short-term reproducibility of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Mechanical behavior of muscle and its control is largely unknown under normal movement conditions. The present report deals with the methodological development to record directly in vivo forces from the @entity0 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) when the subjects perform normal movements ranging from slow walking to maximal sprinting and jumping. The development began with animal experiments, which dealt with the transducer design, surgical operation procedures, and duration of implantation. The first @entity0 experiment utilized an E form transducer implanted around the @entity2 under local anesthesia. The transducer was kept in situ for 7 days, and on the 8th day recordings were made on @entity3 movements and during slow walking. Further development led to final selection of a "buckle"-type transducer, and the measurements can be made immediately after operation and they usually last 2-3 h. The @entity2 transducer can be calibrated by placing the subject in a prone position on to a calibration table. His operated foot was placed in a special shoe, the axis of which coincided with that of the ankle joint. A pulley system with known weights was used to dorsiflex the foot. Taking into consideration the geometrical arrangement of the @entity2 transducer, @entity1 , and the pulley system, the exact values of @entity2 forces could be calculated. The actual measurements incorporate the use of EMG recordings of the leg extensor muscles and various external force measurements, such as long force platform or oscillating ergometers. The transducer is removed immediately after the measurements and the subjects recover.

title: In vivo registration of Achilles tendon forces in XXXX . I. Methodological development.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multiple endpoints can be used to evaluate chemotherapy-induced @entity5 (CINV). These endpoints reflect the various @entity3 , @entity2 and rescue antiemetic use in the acute (0-24  h), delayed (>24-120  h) and overall (0-120  h) periods after chemotherapy. As the choice of outcome measure could potentially change the interpretation of clinical trial results, we evaluated CINV rates using different endpoints on a single dataset from a prospective cohort. Data from 177 @entity0 @entity1 receiving @entity6 and @entity4 -based chemotherapy was used to calculate CINV control rates using the 15 most commonly reported CINV endpoints. As @entity2 remains such a significant symptom, we explored the frequency at which pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical company-funded studies included measures of @entity2 in their primary study endpoint. CINV control rates ranged from 12.5  %, 95  % (CI 7.6-17.4  %) for total control (no @entity3 , no @entity2 and no rescue medication) in the overall period to 77.4  %, 95  % (CI 71.2-83.6  %) for no @entity3 in the overall period. Similar differences were found in the acute and delayed periods. Non-pharmaceutical company-funded trials were more likely to include a measure of @entity2 in the primary study outcome (9/18, 50  %) than pharmaceutical-funded trials (1/12, 8.3  %). The choice of trial endpoint has an important impact on reported CINV control rates and could significantly impact on interpretation of the results. Primary endpoints of studies, including those mandated by regulatory bodies, should account for @entity2 to reflect @entity1 experience. Reporting of endpoints should be more comprehensive to allow for cross-trial comparisons.

title: Choice of study endpoint significantly impacts the results of XXXX trials evaluating chemotherapy-induced @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multiple endpoints can be used to evaluate chemotherapy-induced @entity5 (CINV). These endpoints reflect the various @entity3 , @entity2 and rescue antiemetic use in the acute (0-24  h), delayed (>24-120  h) and overall (0-120  h) periods after chemotherapy. As the choice of outcome measure could potentially change the interpretation of clinical trial results, we evaluated CINV rates using different endpoints on a single dataset from a prospective cohort. Data from 177 @entity0 @entity1 receiving @entity6 and @entity4 -based chemotherapy was used to calculate CINV control rates using the 15 most commonly reported CINV endpoints. As @entity2 remains such a significant symptom, we explored the frequency at which pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical company-funded studies included measures of @entity2 in their primary study endpoint. CINV control rates ranged from 12.5  %, 95  % (CI 7.6-17.4  %) for total control (no @entity3 , no @entity2 and no rescue medication) in the overall period to 77.4  %, 95  % (CI 71.2-83.6  %) for no @entity3 in the overall period. Similar differences were found in the acute and delayed periods. Non-pharmaceutical company-funded trials were more likely to include a measure of @entity2 in the primary study outcome (9/18, 50  %) than pharmaceutical-funded trials (1/12, 8.3  %). The choice of trial endpoint has an important impact on reported CINV control rates and could significantly impact on interpretation of the results. Primary endpoints of studies, including those mandated by regulatory bodies, should account for @entity2 to reflect @entity1 experience. Reporting of endpoints should be more comprehensive to allow for cross-trial comparisons.

title: Choice of study endpoint significantly impacts the results of @entity0 trials evaluating chemotherapy-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It is hypothesized that immune factors influence @entity2 and contribute to relapse. The primary study objectives were to (1) compare @entity2 across adults with active @entity6 (MA) dependence, in early remission from @entity5 , and with no history of @entity5 , (2) determine whether active or recent @entity5 affects the expression of immune factors, and (3) evaluate the association between immune factor levels and @entity2 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using between group comparisons and regression analyses to investigate associations among variables. Eighty-four adults were recruited into control (CTL) (n   =   31), MA-active (n   =   17), or MA-remission (n   =   36) groups. @entity0 completed self-report measures of @entity3 , @entity4 and objective tests of attention and executive function. Blood samples were collected, and a panel of immune factors was measured using multiplex technology. RESULTS: Relative to CTLs, MA-dependent adults evidenced greater @entity3 and @entity4 during active use (p   <   0.001) and remission (p   <   0.007), and more attention, memory, and executive problems during remission (p   <   0.01) but not active dependence. Regression analyses identified 10 immune factors (putatively associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions) associated with @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity7 . CONCLUSION: While psychiatric symptoms are present during active @entity5 and remission, at least some @entity1 emerge only during remission. Altered expression of a network of immune factors contributes to neuropsychiatric symptom severity.

title: Plasma Inflammatory Factors Are Associated with XXXX , @entity4 , and Cognitive Problems in Adults with and without @entity6 Dependence: An Exploratory Protein Array Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It is hypothesized that immune factors influence @entity2 and contribute to relapse. The primary study objectives were to (1) compare @entity2 across adults with active @entity6 (MA) dependence, in early remission from @entity5 , and with no history of @entity5 , (2) determine whether active or recent @entity5 affects the expression of immune factors, and (3) evaluate the association between immune factor levels and @entity2 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using between group comparisons and regression analyses to investigate associations among variables. Eighty-four adults were recruited into control (CTL) (n   =   31), MA-active (n   =   17), or MA-remission (n   =   36) groups. @entity0 completed self-report measures of @entity3 , @entity4 and objective tests of attention and executive function. Blood samples were collected, and a panel of immune factors was measured using multiplex technology. RESULTS: Relative to CTLs, MA-dependent adults evidenced greater @entity3 and @entity4 during active use (p   <   0.001) and remission (p   <   0.007), and more attention, memory, and executive problems during remission (p   <   0.01) but not active dependence. Regression analyses identified 10 immune factors (putatively associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions) associated with @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity7 . CONCLUSION: While psychiatric symptoms are present during active @entity5 and remission, at least some @entity1 emerge only during remission. Altered expression of a network of immune factors contributes to neuropsychiatric symptom severity.

title: Plasma Inflammatory Factors Are Associated with @entity3 , XXXX , and Cognitive Problems in Adults with and without @entity6 Dependence: An Exploratory Protein Array Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It is hypothesized that immune factors influence @entity2 and contribute to relapse. The primary study objectives were to (1) compare @entity2 across adults with active @entity6 (MA) dependence, in early remission from @entity5 , and with no history of @entity5 , (2) determine whether active or recent @entity5 affects the expression of immune factors, and (3) evaluate the association between immune factor levels and @entity2 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using between group comparisons and regression analyses to investigate associations among variables. Eighty-four adults were recruited into control (CTL) (n   =   31), MA-active (n   =   17), or MA-remission (n   =   36) groups. @entity0 completed self-report measures of @entity3 , @entity4 and objective tests of attention and executive function. Blood samples were collected, and a panel of immune factors was measured using multiplex technology. RESULTS: Relative to CTLs, MA-dependent adults evidenced greater @entity3 and @entity4 during active use (p   <   0.001) and remission (p   <   0.007), and more attention, memory, and executive problems during remission (p   <   0.01) but not active dependence. Regression analyses identified 10 immune factors (putatively associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions) associated with @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity7 . CONCLUSION: While psychiatric symptoms are present during active @entity5 and remission, at least some @entity1 emerge only during remission. Altered expression of a network of immune factors contributes to neuropsychiatric symptom severity.

title: Plasma Inflammatory Factors Are Associated with @entity3 , @entity4 , and Cognitive Problems in Adults with and without XXXX Dependence: An Exploratory Protein Array Study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze interpersonal sensitivity level and influencing factors among @entity0 in @entity2 maintenance treatment. METHODS: From 2010 June to 2011 June, the research was performed in Center of @entity2 Maintenance Treatment of Nanjing Baixia District Hospital. A total of 272 @entity2 maintenance treatment was studied using a self-designed questionnaire, interpersonal sensitivity scale in symptom check list (SCL-90), self-rating @entity3 scale (SDS), @entity1 ( @entity1 ). If interpersonal sensitivity level >=  2 points, it was positive. In this study, through independent sample t test, analysis of the social demographic characteristics, @entity3 and @entity1 , interpersonal sensitivity level. Non conditional logistic regression analysis was used to explore a variety of factors, and the relationship of these factors with interpersonal sensitivity. RESULTS: The @entity3 score, the @entity1 score and the level of interpersonal relationship sensitivity in 272 @entity2 maintenance treatment (1.65    0.51, 47.66    8.58, 42.38    9.40) was higher than the national norm (1.65    0.51, 41.88    10.57, 29.78    0.46) (t values were 8.23, 17.63 and 22.27, respectively; all P values < 0.001). In 272 @entity2 maintenance treatment, the percentage of @entity0 was 75.0% (204/272) and the percentage of @entity0 was 25.0% (68/272). SDS score of male and female was (48.38    8.30) and (45.90    9.34) points (t = 5.67, P = 0.037); Aged 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 and >=  50 years old group, SDS scores were (48.26    7.59), (47.73    8.38), (47.79    9.22) and (48.09    6.33) points (F = 3.90, P = 0.046); According to the drug's time, divided into 1-3, 4-6 and >=  7 years group, SDS scores were (45.92    7.47), (47.41    7.57) and (48.07    8.57) points (F = 4.49, = 0.039). @entity1 score of male and female was (41.21    9.53) and (42.91    9.42) points (t = 2.23, P = 0.043). The positive rate of interpersonal sensitivity was 47.1% (128/272). Multivariate analysis showed that, with SDS and @entity1 scores increased by 1, respectively, interpersonal sensitivity increased 23.23 (8.62-96.68) and 11.97 (6.42-19.27) points. CONCLUSION: Interpersonal sensitivity level in @entity2 maintenance treatment was higher than normal and @entity3 ; @entity1 and @entity3 both were the risk factors of interpersonal sensitivity level.

title: [Association between negative emotion and interpersonal sensitivity among @entity0 in XXXX maintenance treatment].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze interpersonal sensitivity level and influencing factors among @entity0 in @entity2 maintenance treatment. METHODS: From 2010 June to 2011 June, the research was performed in Center of @entity2 Maintenance Treatment of Nanjing Baixia District Hospital. A total of 272 @entity2 maintenance treatment was studied using a self-designed questionnaire, interpersonal sensitivity scale in symptom check list (SCL-90), self-rating @entity3 scale (SDS), @entity1 ( @entity1 ). If interpersonal sensitivity level >=  2 points, it was positive. In this study, through independent sample t test, analysis of the social demographic characteristics, @entity3 and @entity1 , interpersonal sensitivity level. Non conditional logistic regression analysis was used to explore a variety of factors, and the relationship of these factors with interpersonal sensitivity. RESULTS: The @entity3 score, the @entity1 score and the level of interpersonal relationship sensitivity in 272 @entity2 maintenance treatment (1.65    0.51, 47.66    8.58, 42.38    9.40) was higher than the national norm (1.65    0.51, 41.88    10.57, 29.78    0.46) (t values were 8.23, 17.63 and 22.27, respectively; all P values < 0.001). In 272 @entity2 maintenance treatment, the percentage of @entity0 was 75.0% (204/272) and the percentage of @entity0 was 25.0% (68/272). SDS score of male and female was (48.38    8.30) and (45.90    9.34) points (t = 5.67, P = 0.037); Aged 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 and >=  50 years old group, SDS scores were (48.26    7.59), (47.73    8.38), (47.79    9.22) and (48.09    6.33) points (F = 3.90, P = 0.046); According to the drug's time, divided into 1-3, 4-6 and >=  7 years group, SDS scores were (45.92    7.47), (47.41    7.57) and (48.07    8.57) points (F = 4.49, = 0.039). @entity1 score of male and female was (41.21    9.53) and (42.91    9.42) points (t = 2.23, P = 0.043). The positive rate of interpersonal sensitivity was 47.1% (128/272). Multivariate analysis showed that, with SDS and @entity1 scores increased by 1, respectively, interpersonal sensitivity increased 23.23 (8.62-96.68) and 11.97 (6.42-19.27) points. CONCLUSION: Interpersonal sensitivity level in @entity2 maintenance treatment was higher than normal and @entity3 ; @entity1 and @entity3 both were the risk factors of interpersonal sensitivity level.

title: [Association between negative emotion and interpersonal sensitivity among XXXX in @entity2 maintenance treatment].

answer: @entity0


abstract: We describe an uncommon pediatric finding of @entity9 , which presented as @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity12 , and @entity8 . The @entity0 was a previously well 8-month-old male who looked well but had mild periorbital @entity1 with severe @entity3 . After 3 days of @entity10 therapy, the @entity7 -range @entity5 significantly improved. However, the @entity3 persisted. Renal imaging revealed a @entity2 with reduced parenchymal uptake and no significant excretion. A renal angiogram demonstrated @entity9 with increased left renal vein @entity6 activity. The @entity3 resolved within 24 h of a left nephrectomy, but non- @entity7 -range @entity5 persisted for 8 months post operatively. @entity2 was consistent with @entity11 . Although a few glomeruli (1%) had changes consistent with focal segmental @entity4 , such a few abnormal glomeruli were unlikely to account for the @entity7 . @entity3 -induced changes in the unaffected right kidney probably caused the @entity7 -range @entity5 .

title: XXXX and @entity7 : a rare combination in an @entity0 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: We describe an uncommon pediatric finding of @entity9 , which presented as @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity12 , and @entity8 . The @entity0 was a previously well 8-month-old male who looked well but had mild periorbital @entity1 with severe @entity3 . After 3 days of @entity10 therapy, the @entity7 -range @entity5 significantly improved. However, the @entity3 persisted. Renal imaging revealed a @entity2 with reduced parenchymal uptake and no significant excretion. A renal angiogram demonstrated @entity9 with increased left renal vein @entity6 activity. The @entity3 resolved within 24 h of a left nephrectomy, but non- @entity7 -range @entity5 persisted for 8 months post operatively. @entity2 was consistent with @entity11 . Although a few glomeruli (1%) had changes consistent with focal segmental @entity4 , such a few abnormal glomeruli were unlikely to account for the @entity7 . @entity3 -induced changes in the unaffected right kidney probably caused the @entity7 -range @entity5 .

title: @entity9 and XXXX : a rare combination in an @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: We describe an uncommon pediatric finding of @entity9 , which presented as @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity12 , and @entity8 . The @entity0 was a previously well 8-month-old male who looked well but had mild periorbital @entity1 with severe @entity3 . After 3 days of @entity10 therapy, the @entity7 -range @entity5 significantly improved. However, the @entity3 persisted. Renal imaging revealed a @entity2 with reduced parenchymal uptake and no significant excretion. A renal angiogram demonstrated @entity9 with increased left renal vein @entity6 activity. The @entity3 resolved within 24 h of a left nephrectomy, but non- @entity7 -range @entity5 persisted for 8 months post operatively. @entity2 was consistent with @entity11 . Although a few glomeruli (1%) had changes consistent with focal segmental @entity4 , such a few abnormal glomeruli were unlikely to account for the @entity7 . @entity3 -induced changes in the unaffected right kidney probably caused the @entity7 -range @entity5 .

title: @entity9 and @entity7 : a rare combination in an XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The natural history of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) has been evaluated by two entirely different types of consecutive and unselected materials: The general female population. Females with the @entity0 . The frequency of in situ @entity3 in the general female population is about 25 per cent. The growth pattern of the in situ @entity3 is predominantly microfocal contrary to findings in mammography selected surgical materials where @entity2 forming and/or diffuse types contribute to more than 30 per cent. Evidence is established of three different stages of the development of @entity0 : The benign epithelial hyperplastic stage, the microfocal in situ @entity3 stage and the @entity2 stage. Among females with the @entity0 -disease the residual breast glandular tissue in the contralateral breast develops a new primary @entity3 in 33 per cent and furthermore in situ @entity3 in another 35 per cent. @entity4 of disseminated @entity1 and axillary lymphnode @entity1 is significantly related to these new primaries. Residual breast glandular tissue left behind after total mastectomy contributes to new primary @entity3 . Thus among clinical chest-wall recurrences not less than 20 per cent were primary invasive @entity2 . Our investigations have considerable impact on treatment: As concern microfocal in situ lesions they support a conservative attitude as regard treatment, providing the females are included in prospective follow-up studies including mammography. As concern the contralateral breast they support a more active attitude, but more studies are needed. Meanwhile a close follow-up program is an inevitable consequence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The significance of the frequency and occurrence of @entity0 for treatment. Essential aspects of new Danish studies of the natural history of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The natural history of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) has been evaluated by two entirely different types of consecutive and unselected materials: The general female population. Females with the @entity0 . The frequency of in situ @entity3 in the general female population is about 25 per cent. The growth pattern of the in situ @entity3 is predominantly microfocal contrary to findings in mammography selected surgical materials where @entity2 forming and/or diffuse types contribute to more than 30 per cent. Evidence is established of three different stages of the development of @entity0 : The benign epithelial hyperplastic stage, the microfocal in situ @entity3 stage and the @entity2 stage. Among females with the @entity0 -disease the residual breast glandular tissue in the contralateral breast develops a new primary @entity3 in 33 per cent and furthermore in situ @entity3 in another 35 per cent. @entity4 of disseminated @entity1 and axillary lymphnode @entity1 is significantly related to these new primaries. Residual breast glandular tissue left behind after total mastectomy contributes to new primary @entity3 . Thus among clinical chest-wall recurrences not less than 20 per cent were primary invasive @entity2 . Our investigations have considerable impact on treatment: As concern microfocal in situ lesions they support a conservative attitude as regard treatment, providing the females are included in prospective follow-up studies including mammography. As concern the contralateral breast they support a more active attitude, but more studies are needed. Meanwhile a close follow-up program is an inevitable consequence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The significance of the frequency and occurrence of XXXX for treatment. Essential aspects of new Danish studies of the natural history of @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9 by definition is (1) a @entity4 with variable symptoms, (2) caused by @entity6 from a @entity2 and (3) accompanied by @entity8 . A genetic etiology is confirmed in approximately 50% of @entity0 , with more than 60 identified mutations in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Here we review the clinical features and imaging studies of @entity9 and describe the neuroimaging findings in a cohort of 17 @entity0 with genetically confirmed @entity9 . MR findings include lesions in the brainstem in 9 @entity0 (53%), basal ganglia in 13 (76%), thalami in 4 (24%) and dentate nuclei in 2 (12%), and global @entity5 in 2 (12%). The brainstem lesions were most frequent in the @entity7 . With follow-up an increased number of lesions from baseline was observed in 7 of 13 @entity0 , evolution of the @entity3 was seen in 6, and complete regression of the lesions was seen in 3. No cerebral @entity1 were found in any of the 17 @entity0 . In concordance with the literature, we found that @entity9 follows a similar pattern of bilateral, symmetrical basal ganglia or brainstem changes. Lesions in @entity9 evolve over time and a lack of visible lesions does not exclude the diagnosis. Reversibility of lesions is seen in some @entity0 , making the continued search for treatment and prevention a priority for clinicians and researchers.

title: The neuroimaging of XXXX : case series and review of the literature.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Haiti is in the midst of a @entity1 . Surveillance data for formulating models of the @entity2 are limited, but such models can aid understanding of @entity2 processes and help define control strategies. OBJECTIVE: To predict, by using a mathematical model, the sequence and timing of regional @entity1 epidemics in Haiti and explore the potential effects of disease-control strategies. DESIGN: Compartmental mathematical model allowing @entity0 -to- @entity0 and waterborne transmission of @entity1 . Within- and between-region @entity2 spread was modeled, with the latter dependent on population sizes and distance between regional centroids (a "gravity" model). SETTING: Haiti, 2010 to 2011. DATA SOURCES: Haitian hospitalization data, 2009 census data, literature-derived parameter values, and model calibration. MEASUREMENTS: Dates of @entity2 onset and hospitalizations. RESULTS: The plausible range for @entity1 's basic reproductive number (R(0), defined as the number of secondary cases per primary case in a susceptible population without intervention) was 2.06 to 2.78. The order and timing of regional @entity1 outbreaks predicted by the gravity model were closely correlated with empirical observations. Analysis of changes in disease dynamics over time suggests that public health interventions have substantially affected this @entity2 . A limited vaccine supply provided late in the @entity2 was projected to have a modest effect. LIMITATIONS: Assumptions were simplified, which was necessary for modeling. Projections are based on the initial dynamics of the @entity2 , which may change. CONCLUSION: Despite limited surveillance data from the @entity1 in Haiti, a model simulating between-region disease transmission according to population and distance closely reproduces reported disease patterns. This model is a tool that planners, policymakers, and medical personnel seeking to manage the @entity2 could use immediately.

title: XXXX in Haiti, 2010: using a transmission model to explain spatial spread of disease and identify optimal control interventions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two cases of primary @entity1 of the female urethra are reported. Case 1 was a 75-year-old female presenting with the @entity2 . Physical examination revealed a @entity4 -sized @entity0 in the urethral meatus. @entity0 resection was performed under the preoperative diagnosis of caruncles, but, histopathological examination revealed @entity1 . She was readmitted because of recurrence of @entity0 7 months after the first operation. En bloc resection including the bladder, urethra and uterus was done followed by ileal conduit for urinary diversion. Case 2 was an 85-year-old female presenting with the complaint of macroscopic @entity3 . Physical examination revealed a thumb's-head-sized @entity0 in the urethral meatus and also the left enlarged inguinal lymph nodes. @entity0 resection and biopsy of the left inguinal lymph nodes were performed. Histopathological examination revealed @entity1 . Postoperative irradiation to the left inguinal lymph nodes was given to a total dose of 4,000 rads. Ninety-two cases of primary @entity1 of the female urethra in the Japanese literature including our cases are reviewed.

title: [Primary XXXX of the female urethra: report of two cases].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The evolution of segmental wall motion in Q and non-Q wave @entity2 was studied in detail in 15 @entity0 without known prior @entity1 events. Serial two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed beginning early after the onset of @entity3 and continuing until 10 to 14 days after admission. An area of apparent @entity4 was identified on each initial study based on later correlation of ECG and echocardiographic findings. Wall motion of @entity4 -and noninfarct-related areas was graded in a semiquantitative fashion based on the scoring of a visual analysis. Sequential image data demonstrated significant spontaneous improvement in wall motion of the @entity4 area in non-Q but not in Q wave events. @entity0 with non-Q wave @entity4 and improvement in regional function were at high risk for recurrent @entity4 within 6 months. Improvement in wall motion inside or outside the area of @entity4 in Q wave events was related to future risk. We concluded that in @entity0 with initial @entity2 , failure to develop Q waves correlated with return of function in the apparent area of @entity4 . Improvement in regional wall motion after the initial study suggested risk for future @entity1 events in both ECG types of @entity2 . Serial echocardiographic imaging may be a means to identify @entity0 at risk for @entity4 extension in both non-Q and Q wave events.

title: Evolution of regional left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in acute Q and non-Q wave XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: While the focus of much mutation research is on germ-line mutation, somatic mutation is being found to be important in @entity0 disease. @entity3 1 and @entity2 are disorders which are detected in the skin and other systems. The skin manifestations were essential for the demonstration of somatic mosaicism in @entity3 1, while analysis of blood DNA demonstrated somatic mutation in @entity3 2. Incontinentia @entity5 is also a disorder seen in skin and other tissues, but here it is the rare variant of the disorder in males, where it is usually lethal, that involves somatic mosaicism. @entity6 is a disorder of the blood and cell separation of blood elements allows the demonstration of the somatic mosaicism. This review also discusses disorders in which somatic mosaicism, for mutations probably incompatible with life if the mutation had been germ-line, are likely to be involved. These include the @entity1 , which involves both vascular tissues and bones, and two disorders which might be thought of as representing two subtypes of Proteus: @entity4 , which involves vascular tissues, and Maffuci, which involves bones. Embryonic mutations, which create mosaicism for both the soma and germ-line, are being increasingly found in a number of disorders and are discussed more briefly. Finally, reverse mutations involving the soma have been recently found in several disorders and such revertant mutations are also examined. While the review focuses on the clinical importance of somatic mutations, many of the mutations found to date are tabulated. It is too early to see if there is a different pattern of somatic mutation as compared to germ-line mutation. Although the parameters to allow careful quantitation are not yet available, it seems that the frequency of gene mutation in embryonic cells is not markedly different than that in the germ-line.

title: Somatic gene mutation and XXXX disease other than cancer.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolases play critical roles in the remodeling of bacterial cell walls during division. PG hydrolases have been studied extensively in several bacillus species, such as @entity1 and @entity2 , but remain relatively uncharacterized in ovococcus species, such as @entity0 (pneumococcus). In this work, we identified genes that encode proteins with putative PG hydrolytic domains in the genome of @entity4 . Knockout mutations in these genes were constructed, and the resulting mutants were characterized in comparison with the parent strain for growth, cell morphology, PG peptide incorporation, and in some cases, PG peptide composition. In addition, we characterized deletion mutations in nonessential genes of unknown function in the WalRK(Spn) two-component system regulon, which also contains the essential pcsB cell division gene. Several mutants did not show overt phenotypes, which is perhaps indicative of redundancy. In contrast, two new mutants showed distinct defects in PG biosynthesis. One mutation was in a gene designated dacB (spd_0549), which we showed encodes an L,D-carboxypeptidase involved in PG maturation. Notably, dacB mutants, similar to dacA (D,D-carboxypeptidase) mutants, exhibited defects in cell shape and septation, consistent with the idea that the availability of PG peptide precursors is important for proper PG biosynthesis. Epistasis analysis indicated that DacA functions before DacB in @entity3 removal, and immunofluorescence microscopy showed that DacA and DacB are located over the entire surface of pneumococcal cells. The other mutation was in WalRK(Spn) regulon gene spd_0703, which encodes a putative membrane protein that may function as a type of conserved streptococcal shape, elongation, division, and sporulation (SEDS) protein.

title: Characterization of mutants deficient in the L,D-carboxypeptidase (DacB) and WalRK (VicRK) regulon, involved in peptidoglycan maturation of XXXX serotype 2 strain @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolases play critical roles in the remodeling of bacterial cell walls during division. PG hydrolases have been studied extensively in several bacillus species, such as @entity1 and @entity2 , but remain relatively uncharacterized in ovococcus species, such as @entity0 (pneumococcus). In this work, we identified genes that encode proteins with putative PG hydrolytic domains in the genome of @entity4 . Knockout mutations in these genes were constructed, and the resulting mutants were characterized in comparison with the parent strain for growth, cell morphology, PG peptide incorporation, and in some cases, PG peptide composition. In addition, we characterized deletion mutations in nonessential genes of unknown function in the WalRK(Spn) two-component system regulon, which also contains the essential pcsB cell division gene. Several mutants did not show overt phenotypes, which is perhaps indicative of redundancy. In contrast, two new mutants showed distinct defects in PG biosynthesis. One mutation was in a gene designated dacB (spd_0549), which we showed encodes an L,D-carboxypeptidase involved in PG maturation. Notably, dacB mutants, similar to dacA (D,D-carboxypeptidase) mutants, exhibited defects in cell shape and septation, consistent with the idea that the availability of PG peptide precursors is important for proper PG biosynthesis. Epistasis analysis indicated that DacA functions before DacB in @entity3 removal, and immunofluorescence microscopy showed that DacA and DacB are located over the entire surface of pneumococcal cells. The other mutation was in WalRK(Spn) regulon gene spd_0703, which encodes a putative membrane protein that may function as a type of conserved streptococcal shape, elongation, division, and sporulation (SEDS) protein.

title: Characterization of mutants deficient in the L,D-carboxypeptidase (DacB) and WalRK (VicRK) regulon, involved in peptidoglycan maturation of @entity0 serotype 2 strain XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blocking both @entity2 and ligand of the @entity2 @entity2 (R) pathway might be feasible and increase antitumor activity. This phase I study investigated @entity10 , an oral @entity8 kinase inhibitor targeting @entity6 , combined with bevacizumab, in adults with solid @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity0 were treated in successive cohorts with @entity10 (twice-daily continuously, 450-900 mg) or bevacizumab (bi-weekly, starting dose 5 mg/kg). Safety, pharmacokinetics, endothelial (progenitor) cell (E(P)C)/growth factor kinetics and efficacy were assessed. RESULTS: Most frequent adverse events were @entity5 , @entity7 , voice changes and fatigue. Five dose-limiting @entity4 (DLTs) occurred: @entity3 (cohort I and II), bowel perforation, lipase increase and @entity9 (cohort III). @entity4 resulted in a bevacizumab dose reduction to 1 mg/kg (cohort III). Due to three DLTs (n = 14), this cohort represented the best-tolerated dose level. Bevacizumab effectively neutralized plasma @entity2 even at 1 mg/kg. Twelve @entity0 had stable disease (clinical benefit 46%). EPC and SDF-1a levels increased during monotherapy @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 (450 mg b.i.d.) combined with bevacizumab (1 mg/kg bi-weekly) shows antitumor activity, but accumulating constitutional @entity4 impedes long-term treatment of @entity0 . Therefore, this combination will not be pursued in a phase II setting.

title: Phase I evaluation of @entity10 , a @entity2 @entity2 XXXX kinase inhibitor, in combination with bevacizumab in subjects with advanced solid @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blocking both @entity2 and ligand of the @entity2 @entity2 (R) pathway might be feasible and increase antitumor activity. This phase I study investigated @entity10 , an oral @entity8 kinase inhibitor targeting @entity6 , combined with bevacizumab, in adults with solid @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity0 were treated in successive cohorts with @entity10 (twice-daily continuously, 450-900 mg) or bevacizumab (bi-weekly, starting dose 5 mg/kg). Safety, pharmacokinetics, endothelial (progenitor) cell (E(P)C)/growth factor kinetics and efficacy were assessed. RESULTS: Most frequent adverse events were @entity5 , @entity7 , voice changes and fatigue. Five dose-limiting @entity4 (DLTs) occurred: @entity3 (cohort I and II), bowel perforation, lipase increase and @entity9 (cohort III). @entity4 resulted in a bevacizumab dose reduction to 1 mg/kg (cohort III). Due to three DLTs (n = 14), this cohort represented the best-tolerated dose level. Bevacizumab effectively neutralized plasma @entity2 even at 1 mg/kg. Twelve @entity0 had stable disease (clinical benefit 46%). EPC and SDF-1a levels increased during monotherapy @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 (450 mg b.i.d.) combined with bevacizumab (1 mg/kg bi-weekly) shows antitumor activity, but accumulating constitutional @entity4 impedes long-term treatment of @entity0 . Therefore, this combination will not be pursued in a phase II setting.

title: Phase I evaluation of @entity10 , a XXXX @entity2 @entity8 kinase inhibitor, in combination with bevacizumab in subjects with advanced solid @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blocking both @entity2 and ligand of the @entity2 @entity2 (R) pathway might be feasible and increase antitumor activity. This phase I study investigated @entity10 , an oral @entity8 kinase inhibitor targeting @entity6 , combined with bevacizumab, in adults with solid @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity0 were treated in successive cohorts with @entity10 (twice-daily continuously, 450-900 mg) or bevacizumab (bi-weekly, starting dose 5 mg/kg). Safety, pharmacokinetics, endothelial (progenitor) cell (E(P)C)/growth factor kinetics and efficacy were assessed. RESULTS: Most frequent adverse events were @entity5 , @entity7 , voice changes and fatigue. Five dose-limiting @entity4 (DLTs) occurred: @entity3 (cohort I and II), bowel perforation, lipase increase and @entity9 (cohort III). @entity4 resulted in a bevacizumab dose reduction to 1 mg/kg (cohort III). Due to three DLTs (n = 14), this cohort represented the best-tolerated dose level. Bevacizumab effectively neutralized plasma @entity2 even at 1 mg/kg. Twelve @entity0 had stable disease (clinical benefit 46%). EPC and SDF-1a levels increased during monotherapy @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 (450 mg b.i.d.) combined with bevacizumab (1 mg/kg bi-weekly) shows antitumor activity, but accumulating constitutional @entity4 impedes long-term treatment of @entity0 . Therefore, this combination will not be pursued in a phase II setting.

title: Phase I evaluation of @entity10 , a @entity2 XXXX @entity8 kinase inhibitor, in combination with bevacizumab in subjects with advanced solid @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blocking both @entity2 and ligand of the @entity2 @entity2 (R) pathway might be feasible and increase antitumor activity. This phase I study investigated @entity10 , an oral @entity8 kinase inhibitor targeting @entity6 , combined with bevacizumab, in adults with solid @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity0 were treated in successive cohorts with @entity10 (twice-daily continuously, 450-900 mg) or bevacizumab (bi-weekly, starting dose 5 mg/kg). Safety, pharmacokinetics, endothelial (progenitor) cell (E(P)C)/growth factor kinetics and efficacy were assessed. RESULTS: Most frequent adverse events were @entity5 , @entity7 , voice changes and fatigue. Five dose-limiting @entity4 (DLTs) occurred: @entity3 (cohort I and II), bowel perforation, lipase increase and @entity9 (cohort III). @entity4 resulted in a bevacizumab dose reduction to 1 mg/kg (cohort III). Due to three DLTs (n = 14), this cohort represented the best-tolerated dose level. Bevacizumab effectively neutralized plasma @entity2 even at 1 mg/kg. Twelve @entity0 had stable disease (clinical benefit 46%). EPC and SDF-1a levels increased during monotherapy @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 (450 mg b.i.d.) combined with bevacizumab (1 mg/kg bi-weekly) shows antitumor activity, but accumulating constitutional @entity4 impedes long-term treatment of @entity0 . Therefore, this combination will not be pursued in a phase II setting.

title: Phase I evaluation of XXXX , a @entity2 @entity2 @entity8 kinase inhibitor, in combination with bevacizumab in subjects with advanced solid @entity1 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blocking both @entity2 and ligand of the @entity2 @entity2 (R) pathway might be feasible and increase antitumor activity. This phase I study investigated @entity10 , an oral @entity8 kinase inhibitor targeting @entity6 , combined with bevacizumab, in adults with solid @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity0 were treated in successive cohorts with @entity10 (twice-daily continuously, 450-900 mg) or bevacizumab (bi-weekly, starting dose 5 mg/kg). Safety, pharmacokinetics, endothelial (progenitor) cell (E(P)C)/growth factor kinetics and efficacy were assessed. RESULTS: Most frequent adverse events were @entity5 , @entity7 , voice changes and fatigue. Five dose-limiting @entity4 (DLTs) occurred: @entity3 (cohort I and II), bowel perforation, lipase increase and @entity9 (cohort III). @entity4 resulted in a bevacizumab dose reduction to 1 mg/kg (cohort III). Due to three DLTs (n = 14), this cohort represented the best-tolerated dose level. Bevacizumab effectively neutralized plasma @entity2 even at 1 mg/kg. Twelve @entity0 had stable disease (clinical benefit 46%). EPC and SDF-1a levels increased during monotherapy @entity10 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 (450 mg b.i.d.) combined with bevacizumab (1 mg/kg bi-weekly) shows antitumor activity, but accumulating constitutional @entity4 impedes long-term treatment of @entity0 . Therefore, this combination will not be pursued in a phase II setting.

title: Phase I evaluation of @entity10 , a @entity2 @entity2 @entity8 kinase inhibitor, in combination with bevacizumab in subjects with advanced solid XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The intensity and selection of therapy for the treatment of @entity1 in elderly @entity0 are discussed. SUMMARY: Glycemic control is fundamental in @entity1 care; however, as glycemic goals are approached, the risk of @entity7 increases. This risk is even greater in the elderly due to many predisposing factors, including @entity4 , polypharmacy, drug-drug interactions, comorbidities, irregular meal patterns, and infrequent self-monitoring of blood @entity5 . When deciding on the desired intensity of @entity1 treatment, the risk of hypoglycemic complications must be weighed against the potential benefit of reducing microvascular and macrovascular complications. Three large-scale, randomized controlled trials examining the effects of intensive versus standard glycemic control on microvascular and macrovascular outcomes in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 have been published in recent years. In general, a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) goal of <7% is reasonable for most @entity0 . A less-aggressive goal may be considered for @entity0 at high risk of @entity7 or high risk of complications from @entity7 , as long as acutely symptomatic @entity8 is avoided. @entity11 , @entity9 , and @entity10 , which pose a great risk for @entity7 , should be avoided in the elderly. CONCLUSION: In the absence of clear evidence advocating strict glycemic targets goal of <7% is for elderly @entity0 , an HbA(1c) reasonable for most @entity0 ; however, the risk of hypoglycemic complications must be weighed against the potential benefit of reducing microvascular and @entity2 . @entity6 may be used as first-line therapy, but @entity11 and @entity9 , which pose a great risk for @entity7 , should be avoided in the elderly. Due to increased cardiovascular risk, use of @entity10 in the elderly should also be avoided.

title: Special considerations for treatment of XXXX in the elderly.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the 1990s, a number of cardiovascular drugs were evaluated in randomised clinical trials. Treatment guidelines for @entity2 were modified to include these evidence-based treatments. AIM: To evaluate the impact of new medical treatments for @entity2 between 1990 and 1998. METHODS AND RESULTS: A retrospective cohort study of 2764 @entity0 with a first hospital admission for @entity2 between 1990 and 1998. The percentage of @entity0 treated with different cardiovascular drugs after hospitalisation was calculated and compared over time. Use of loop diuretics remained steady approximately 80%, digoxin decreased from 57.6 to 42.7%, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) inhibitors showed a slight increase from 49.8 to 54.8%, beta-blockers almost tripled from 11.3 to 28.7%, low dose prophylactic @entity1 quadrupled from 9.9 to 39.9%. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates showed highest continuation rates of drug treatment for antithrombotics and diuretics, intermediate for digoxin and @entity3 inhibitors and low for beta-blockers. More than a quarter of the users discontinued beta-blockers in the first year after hospitalisation. CONCLUSIONS: We observed an increase in the prescribing of several important drug classes, reflecting changes in treatment guidelines during the study period. However, our findings show that not all @entity0 were receiving optimal treatment. More research into the reasons for this is warranted.

title: Patterns of pharmacotherapy in @entity0 hospitalised for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the 1990s, a number of cardiovascular drugs were evaluated in randomised clinical trials. Treatment guidelines for @entity2 were modified to include these evidence-based treatments. AIM: To evaluate the impact of new medical treatments for @entity2 between 1990 and 1998. METHODS AND RESULTS: A retrospective cohort study of 2764 @entity0 with a first hospital admission for @entity2 between 1990 and 1998. The percentage of @entity0 treated with different cardiovascular drugs after hospitalisation was calculated and compared over time. Use of loop diuretics remained steady approximately 80%, digoxin decreased from 57.6 to 42.7%, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) inhibitors showed a slight increase from 49.8 to 54.8%, beta-blockers almost tripled from 11.3 to 28.7%, low dose prophylactic @entity1 quadrupled from 9.9 to 39.9%. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates showed highest continuation rates of drug treatment for antithrombotics and diuretics, intermediate for digoxin and @entity3 inhibitors and low for beta-blockers. More than a quarter of the users discontinued beta-blockers in the first year after hospitalisation. CONCLUSIONS: We observed an increase in the prescribing of several important drug classes, reflecting changes in treatment guidelines during the study period. However, our findings show that not all @entity0 were receiving optimal treatment. More research into the reasons for this is warranted.

title: Patterns of pharmacotherapy in XXXX hospitalised for @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We compared the effects of protein, @entity1 , or water ingestion on @entity0 renal blood flow (RBF) and cardiac output (CO). We validated and applied a noninvasive ultrasonic Doppler method to measure blood velocities and lumen diameters in the right renal artery and the ascending aorta of five healthy adults. From these measurements, we calculated the average RBF and CO over five cardiac cycles. Normalizing to body surface area, renal blood flow index to one kidney (RI) and cardiac index (CI) were calculated. The percentage of the CI distributed to a single kidney was determined as %CI = RI/CI. Subjects were studied randomly on three separate days after ingestion of each of the following equivolume (500 ml) meals: 1) 150 g protein, 30 g fat, and 30 g @entity1 (P); 2) 150 g @entity1 , 30 g fat, and 30 g protein (C); and 3) water. Data were obtained after 12 h of fasting and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min postprandially. Analysis of covariance revealed significant (P less than 0.05) increases from fasting levels in postprandial RI at 90 to 240 min after P. Postprandial RI with P was significantly higher than with C at 180 and 240 min. Postprandial %CI with P and C decreased significantly from the fasting value at 30 to 180 min. Heart rate and mean arm cuff blood pressure did not change significantly with any diet. Results suggest that the protein-rich meal evokes a more sustained increase in postprandial RI than the @entity1 rich meal. Despite the increase in postprandial RI, the percentage of cardiac output perfusing a kidney declines similarly with both diets.

title: Noninvasive Doppler assessment of XXXX postprandial renal blood flow and cardiac output.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To obtain accurate disease @entity1 , we routinely perform regional lymph node dissection (LND) in conjunction with laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (NU) to treat @entity2 of the upper urinary tract. The present study evaluated the feasibility and usefulness of LND in laparoscopic NU. @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity0 undergoing laparoscopic NU with regional LND were included in the present study. We evaluated the number of lymph nodes (LNs) resected, pathological node status, adverse events, and survival data. Node count was compared with that of 41 @entity0 who underwent open NU between 1990 and 2008. RESULTS: The median number of LNs removed was 10 (range, 2-59) in the laparoscopic NU group and 10 (range, 1-65) in the open NU group (Mann-Whitney U-test, p   =   0.82). Pathological examination demonstrated positive LNs in four @entity0 (10.3%) and three of the four @entity0 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Although chylous drain discharge was detected just after resuming dietary intake in eight @entity0 , it resolved without significant problem. Five-year overall survival by stage was 100% for pT2 >=  disease, 55% for @entity3 disease, and 0% for pT4 disease. CONCLUSIONS: LND can be performed safely and effectively during laparoscopic nephroureterectmy. We consider that accurate node @entity1 and subsequent stratification are mandatory for disease management.

title: Outcome of regional lymph node dissection in conjunction with laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for XXXX of the upper urinary tract.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: A demonstration project was conducted to assess feasibility of implementing HPV detection-based cervical @entity1 screening in primary care settings in India and to generate local evidence on feasibility and effectiveness of HPV detection in primary screening. METHODS: The project was implemented by setting up screening clinics at primary health centers. Eligible @entity0 were screened by HPV DNA test (Hybrid capture 2). All samples were processed and tested in a single laboratory. Colposcopy services were provided to screen-positive @entity0 at the same community clinics. Project utilized services of community health workers for community mobilization, recall of screen-positive and disease-positive @entity0 . @entity0 with >= CIN2 diagnosis were treated at tertiary hospital. RESULTS: Totally, 44,110 @entity0 were screened and HPV positivity was 4.7  %. Compliance to recall of @entity2 -positive @entity0 for colposcopy was 78  %. Detection rate of CIN3+ by HPV test was 3.9/1,000 @entity0 . Compliance of @entity0 to treatment was 80.1  %. However, compliance of HPV-positive @entity0 for follow-up at 1  year was poor (23.2  %). Concurrent use of VIA to screen the @entity0 did not have any advantage but increased number of unnecessary colposcopies and biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: Our project demonstrated that it was possible to implement HPV detection-based screening using existing primary healthcare infrastructure. Performing colposcopy at primary setting is feasible, improves compliance and reduces over-treatment. In settings with low to moderately high HPV prevalence, direct referral of HPV-positive @entity0 is advisable. Community health workers can be effectively used for recalling the positive @entity0 .

title: HPV detection-based cervical XXXX screening program in low-resource setting: lessons learnt from a community-based demonstration project in India.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The pro-apoptotic " @entity4 domain-only" proteins of the @entity0 family (e.g. @entity6 and @entity2 ) transduce multiple death signals to the mitochondrion. They interact with the anti-apoptotic @entity0 family members and induce apoptosis by a mechanism that requires the presence of at least one of the multidomain pro-apoptotic proteins @entity1 or @entity5 . Although the @entity4 domain of @entity6 can promote the pro-apoptotic assembly and function of @entity1 / @entity5 by itself, other @entity4 domains do not function as such. The latter point raises the question of whether, and how, these @entity4 domains induce apoptosis. We show here that a peptide comprising the minimal @entity4 domain from @entity1 induces apoptosis but is unable to stimulate the apoptotic activity of microinjected recombinant @entity1 . This relies on the inability of the peptide to directly induce @entity1 translocation to mitochondria or a change in its conformation. This peptide nevertheless interferes with @entity1 / @entity3 interactions in vitro and stimulates the apoptotic activity of @entity1 when combined with @entity3 . Similarly, a peptide derived from the @entity4 domain of @entity2 stimulates @entity1 activity only in the presence of @entity3 . Thus, @entity4 domains do not necessarily activate multidomain pro-apoptotic proteins directly but promote apoptosis by releasing active multidomain pro-apoptotic proteins from their anti-apoptotic counterparts.

title: Minimal XXXX peptides promote cell death by antagonizing anti-apoptotic proteins.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) type 2 is defined by the manifestation of at least two @entity3 . Only few data exist on genetic associations of @entity10 . In this controlled study, 98 @entity0 with @entity10 , 96 @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and 92 @entity0 with @entity5 , both as a single @entity3 , were tested for association with alleles of the human @entity8 loci @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity7 . @entity0 with @entity10 had significantly more often the alleles @entity4 *03 (P(c) < 0.0001), @entity4 *04 (P(c) < 0.000005), @entity9 *03 (P(c) < 0.0001), and @entity7 *02 (P(c) < 0.05), when compared with controls. Less frequent in @entity10 were @entity4 *15 (P(c) < 0.05), @entity9 *01 (P(c) < 0.0005), and @entity7 *05 (P(c) < 0.005). With regard to frequency and linkage of these alleles, the susceptible haplotypes @entity4 *0301- @entity9 *0501- @entity7 *0201 and @entity4 *0401/04- @entity9 *0301- @entity7 *0302 were deduced. Protective haplotypes in this study were @entity4 *1501- @entity9 *0102- @entity7 *0602 and @entity4 *0101- @entity9 *0101- @entity7 *0501. Comparing @entity10 @entity0 with vs without @entity2 , no significant differences regarding HLA class II alleles were noted in our collective. @entity0 with @entity6 as a singular disease had the same susceptible and protective HLA alleles and haplotypes. The prevalence of @entity4 *03 and @entity4 *04 in @entity10 @entity0 was not because of the presence of @entity1 , as the @entity10 @entity0 without @entity1 had the same allele distribution. In conclusion, these data suggest a common immunogenetic pathomechanism for @entity6 and @entity10 , which might be different from the immunogenetic pathomechanism of other @entity3 .

title: @entity10 shows the same HLA class II pattern as XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) type 2 is defined by the manifestation of at least two @entity3 . Only few data exist on genetic associations of @entity10 . In this controlled study, 98 @entity0 with @entity10 , 96 @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and 92 @entity0 with @entity5 , both as a single @entity3 , were tested for association with alleles of the human @entity8 loci @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity7 . @entity0 with @entity10 had significantly more often the alleles @entity4 *03 (P(c) < 0.0001), @entity4 *04 (P(c) < 0.000005), @entity9 *03 (P(c) < 0.0001), and @entity7 *02 (P(c) < 0.05), when compared with controls. Less frequent in @entity10 were @entity4 *15 (P(c) < 0.05), @entity9 *01 (P(c) < 0.0005), and @entity7 *05 (P(c) < 0.005). With regard to frequency and linkage of these alleles, the susceptible haplotypes @entity4 *0301- @entity9 *0501- @entity7 *0201 and @entity4 *0401/04- @entity9 *0301- @entity7 *0302 were deduced. Protective haplotypes in this study were @entity4 *1501- @entity9 *0102- @entity7 *0602 and @entity4 *0101- @entity9 *0101- @entity7 *0501. Comparing @entity10 @entity0 with vs without @entity2 , no significant differences regarding HLA class II alleles were noted in our collective. @entity0 with @entity6 as a singular disease had the same susceptible and protective HLA alleles and haplotypes. The prevalence of @entity4 *03 and @entity4 *04 in @entity10 @entity0 was not because of the presence of @entity1 , as the @entity10 @entity0 without @entity1 had the same allele distribution. In conclusion, these data suggest a common immunogenetic pathomechanism for @entity6 and @entity10 , which might be different from the immunogenetic pathomechanism of other @entity3 .

title: XXXX shows the same HLA class II pattern as @entity6 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: We present what is believed to be the first report of @entity2 arising from @entity0 . A 57-year-old @entity1 presented with a nodule in her right breast. Histological examination of a vacuum-assisted biopsy specimen revealed epithelial tubular proliferation and papillary apocrine epithelium. The myoepithelial cells lining the tubules were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The nodule had increased in size 18 months later and tumorectomy was performed. The surgical specimen revealed proliferating apocrine epithelium with sheet-like and cribriform architecture within a mammary duct. Some myoepithelial cells showed irregular proliferation around the tubular epithelium. All three components, including apocrine, myoepithelial and glandular cells, showed prominent nuclear atypia and significant mitotic activity. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity3 . The malignant potential of ductal adenoma has not previously been discussed, but this @entity2 could represent a serious pitfall in the diagnosis of ductal @entity4 .

title: Malignant transformation of XXXX : a diagnostic pitfall.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity0 tissue @entity6 gene ( @entity6 ), encoding for @entity4 protein, was recently cloned and characterized. Here we describe the immunohistochemical (IHC) localization of @entity4 in normal @entity0 tissues and compare it with the expression of two other kallikreins, @entity5 and @entity3 . We performed the streptavidin- @entity1 IHC method on 204 paraffin blocks from archival, current, and autopsy material prepared from almost every normal @entity0 tissue, using a polyclonal and a monoclonal @entity4 antibody. The staining was cytoplasmic and both antibodies yielded similar results. The @entity4 protein was revealed in a variety of tissues, mainly in glandular epithelia. Other epithelia that expressed @entity4 included the urothelium, the spermatic epithelium, and the epithelium of the choroid plexus. @entity4 was intensely immunoexpressed by some endocrine organs, such as the adenohypophysis, the thyroid gland, the parathyroid glands, the adrenal medulla, the Leydig cells of the testis, and the cells of the endocrine pancreas. Immunoreactivity was also observed in the primordial follicles, the corpus luteum, and sparse luteinized cells in the stroma of the ovary, the trophoblastic cells of the placenta, the Hassall's corpuscles of the thymus, and chondrocytes. Nerves and ganglia of the peripheral nervous system, and both neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system, were positive. In short, @entity4 was expressed by many glandular epithelia, some endocrine organs, and some specialized epithelia and cells. Comparison of these data with @entity5 and @entity3 expression suggests that the three @entity2 have a similar IHC pattern in normal @entity0 tissues.

title: @entity0 XXXX expression in normal tissues: an immunohistochemical study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The @entity0 tissue @entity6 gene ( @entity6 ), encoding for @entity4 protein, was recently cloned and characterized. Here we describe the immunohistochemical (IHC) localization of @entity4 in normal @entity0 tissues and compare it with the expression of two other kallikreins, @entity5 and @entity3 . We performed the streptavidin- @entity1 IHC method on 204 paraffin blocks from archival, current, and autopsy material prepared from almost every normal @entity0 tissue, using a polyclonal and a monoclonal @entity4 antibody. The staining was cytoplasmic and both antibodies yielded similar results. The @entity4 protein was revealed in a variety of tissues, mainly in glandular epithelia. Other epithelia that expressed @entity4 included the urothelium, the spermatic epithelium, and the epithelium of the choroid plexus. @entity4 was intensely immunoexpressed by some endocrine organs, such as the adenohypophysis, the thyroid gland, the parathyroid glands, the adrenal medulla, the Leydig cells of the testis, and the cells of the endocrine pancreas. Immunoreactivity was also observed in the primordial follicles, the corpus luteum, and sparse luteinized cells in the stroma of the ovary, the trophoblastic cells of the placenta, the Hassall's corpuscles of the thymus, and chondrocytes. Nerves and ganglia of the peripheral nervous system, and both neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system, were positive. In short, @entity4 was expressed by many glandular epithelia, some endocrine organs, and some specialized epithelia and cells. Comparison of these data with @entity5 and @entity3 expression suggests that the three @entity2 have a similar IHC pattern in normal @entity0 tissues.

title: XXXX @entity6 expression in normal tissues: an immunohistochemical study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The multiplicity of proteins compared with genes in mammals owes much to alternative splicing. Splicing signals are so subtle and complex that small perturbations may allow the production of new mRNA variants. However, the flexibility of splicing can also be a liability, and several @entity1 result from single-base changes that cause exons to be skipped during splicing. Conventional oligonucleotide strategies can block reactions but cannot restore splicing. We describe here a method by which the use of a defective exon was restored. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) results from mutations of the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) gene. Mutations of @entity4 cause @entity3 , whereas @entity5 acts as a modifying gene. The two genes undergo alternative splicing with @entity4 , producing an abundance of full-length mRNA transcripts, whereas @entity5 predominantly produces exon 7-deleted transcripts. This discrepancy is because of a single @entity2 difference in @entity5 exon 7, which disrupts an exonic splicing enhancer containing an SF2ASF binding site. We have designed oligoribonucleotides that are complementary to exon 7 and contain exonic splicing enhancer motifs to provide trans-acting enhancers. These tailed oligoribonucleotides increased @entity5 exon 7 splicing in vitro and rescued the incorporation of @entity5 exon 7 in @entity3 @entity0 fibroblasts. This treatment also resulted in the partial restoration of gems, intranuclear structures containing SMN protein that are severely reduced in @entity0 with @entity3 . The use of tailed antisense oligonucleotides to recruit positively acting factors to stimulate a splicing reaction may have therapeutic applications for @entity1 , such as @entity3 , in which splicing patterns are altered.

title: Bifunctional antisense oligonucleotides provide a trans-acting splicing enhancer that stimulates XXXX gene expression in @entity0 fibroblasts.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The multiplicity of proteins compared with genes in mammals owes much to alternative splicing. Splicing signals are so subtle and complex that small perturbations may allow the production of new mRNA variants. However, the flexibility of splicing can also be a liability, and several @entity1 result from single-base changes that cause exons to be skipped during splicing. Conventional oligonucleotide strategies can block reactions but cannot restore splicing. We describe here a method by which the use of a defective exon was restored. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) results from mutations of the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) gene. Mutations of @entity4 cause @entity3 , whereas @entity5 acts as a modifying gene. The two genes undergo alternative splicing with @entity4 , producing an abundance of full-length mRNA transcripts, whereas @entity5 predominantly produces exon 7-deleted transcripts. This discrepancy is because of a single @entity2 difference in @entity5 exon 7, which disrupts an exonic splicing enhancer containing an SF2ASF binding site. We have designed oligoribonucleotides that are complementary to exon 7 and contain exonic splicing enhancer motifs to provide trans-acting enhancers. These tailed oligoribonucleotides increased @entity5 exon 7 splicing in vitro and rescued the incorporation of @entity5 exon 7 in @entity3 @entity0 fibroblasts. This treatment also resulted in the partial restoration of gems, intranuclear structures containing SMN protein that are severely reduced in @entity0 with @entity3 . The use of tailed antisense oligonucleotides to recruit positively acting factors to stimulate a splicing reaction may have therapeutic applications for @entity1 , such as @entity3 , in which splicing patterns are altered.

title: Bifunctional antisense oligonucleotides provide a trans-acting splicing enhancer that stimulates @entity5 gene expression in XXXX fibroblasts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective monozygotic twin cohort study. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to investigate the associations between different spinal MRI findings and current, past year, and lifetime @entity4 after adjusting for occupational physical loading, smoking, genetics, and early family influences. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The role of spinal pathology in back symptoms continues to be controversial. METHODS: The study @entity0 consisted of 115 monozygotic male twin pairs 35 to 69 years of age. The qualitatively assessed MRI parameters were as follows: disc height, bulging, herniations, anular tears, @entity5 , @entity2 , and endplate changes. Signal intensity was measured quantitatively. RESULTS: After controlling for age, disc height was associated with all @entity3 variables studied and anular tears with @entity6 frequency and intensity during the 12 months before imaging. Both were associated with lifetime frequency of @entity4 interfering with daily activities, disability, and intensity of the worst lifetime @entity1 episode. Other MRI findings did not explain the various symptom histories. Adjusting for physical loading in the past 12 months increased the associations of anular tears and " @entity4 parameters. After controlling for genotype and other familial influences, the within-pair differences in disc height and anular tears accounted for 6% to 12% of the total variance in the within-pair differences of @entity4 variables. CONCLUSION: These findings raise new questions about the underlying mechanisms of @entity6 . The sensitivities of the only significant MRI parameters, disc height narrowing and anular tears, are poor, and these findings alone are of limited clinical importance.

title: Associations between XXXX history and lumbar MRI findings.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This is a case report of a @entity0 with @entity4 and intradural @entity1 to the cauda equina. OBJECTIVE: To present a rare case of an intradural @entity1 from @entity4 and to discuss the clinical features of @entity1 in the cauda equina and the possible mechanism of the @entity2 spread to the cauda equina. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Intradural spinal @entity1 has been rarely reported in the English literature. Only two reports that describe the spread of metastatic @entity4 to the cauda equina have been published. METHODS: A 61-year-old @entity0 who underwent a nephrectomy for the treatment of @entity4 presented with @entity5 that radiated to both legs. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an ill-defined @entity2 mass in the cauda equina at L3. After a recapping T-saw laminoplasty of L3 was performed, the @entity2 was excised and the nerves involved in the @entity2 were transected. RESULTS: Pathologic examination showed @entity4 with identical histology to the @entity2 . The @entity0 's @entity5 and radiating leg @entity3 were relieved after operating. CONCLUSION: The majority of @entity6 are @entity2 , and @entity1 are very rare. Intradural spinal @entity1 @entity3 is a characteristic cramping @entity3 provoked by light percussion on the lumbar spine, becoming severe when sleeping in the flexion or sitting position. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful tool for detecting intraspinal @entity1 when the @entity0 is complaining of a unique @entity3 . A recapping T-saw laminoplasty to preserve posterior elements with @entity2 removal is feasible for relieving @entity3 and demonstrating the pathology.

title: Unusual @entity1 to the cauda equina from XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This is a case report of a @entity0 with @entity4 and intradural @entity1 to the cauda equina. OBJECTIVE: To present a rare case of an intradural @entity1 from @entity4 and to discuss the clinical features of @entity1 in the cauda equina and the possible mechanism of the @entity2 spread to the cauda equina. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Intradural spinal @entity1 has been rarely reported in the English literature. Only two reports that describe the spread of metastatic @entity4 to the cauda equina have been published. METHODS: A 61-year-old @entity0 who underwent a nephrectomy for the treatment of @entity4 presented with @entity5 that radiated to both legs. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an ill-defined @entity2 mass in the cauda equina at L3. After a recapping T-saw laminoplasty of L3 was performed, the @entity2 was excised and the nerves involved in the @entity2 were transected. RESULTS: Pathologic examination showed @entity4 with identical histology to the @entity2 . The @entity0 's @entity5 and radiating leg @entity3 were relieved after operating. CONCLUSION: The majority of @entity6 are @entity2 , and @entity1 are very rare. Intradural spinal @entity1 @entity3 is a characteristic cramping @entity3 provoked by light percussion on the lumbar spine, becoming severe when sleeping in the flexion or sitting position. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful tool for detecting intraspinal @entity1 when the @entity0 is complaining of a unique @entity3 . A recapping T-saw laminoplasty to preserve posterior elements with @entity2 removal is feasible for relieving @entity3 and demonstrating the pathology.

title: Unusual XXXX to the cauda equina from @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive case report. OBJECTIVES: To report the case of a @entity0 with medial @entity4 of the foot following posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: No previous study has reported medial @entity4 of the foot following spinal surgery. METHODS: A 15-year-old female with progressive @entity5 was taken for posterior instrumentation and fusion. The @entity0 had a history of severe postexertional cramping in the feet following athletics. Surgery progressed uneventfully and the @entity0 was continuously monitored with somatosensory-evoked potentials, which showed no changes. In the recovery room, the @entity0 complained of severe cramping in one foot that was similar to her postexertional cramping. This was lessened with massage and @entity6 . Soreness continued in the foot into postoperative day one and then increased overnight. On the morning of postoperative day 2, pressure in the medial compartment was found to be 97 mm Hg and she was taken for fasciotomy, which found @entity1 of the abductor hallucis muscle, and all other compartments of the foot were normal. RESULTS: At the 6-month follow-up, the @entity0 is doing well with no known sequelae. CONCLUSION: This was a very rare case of medial @entity4 of the foot following spine surgery. We believe that the @entity0 had a predisposition, whether neurologic or vascular, toward cramping in the foot and that this activity was stimulated by the nerve stimulation during the evoked potential monitoring. Although the @entity0 had @entity3 epidural analgesia after surgery, it was not felt to have contributed to the development or result of the @entity4 . We strongly advocate for checking @entity0 feet and legs during surgery for overactivity and stress the need for a high index of suspicion for @entity4 for @entity2 after surgery.

title: Medial XXXX of the foot: an unusual complication of spine surgery.

answer: @entity4