abstract: The ratio of the bioaccumulation factors for 32P and @entity1 was determined for edible tissue in two species of freshwater fish by measuring the specific activity (32P activity per milligram @entity1 ) in muscle relative to feed. The 32P tracer was added to the feed at a uniform level throughout the study. Feeding was at two levels: ad libitum and at a lower but constant intake per body weight. In the main experiment, @entity0 were maintained in a large flow-through tank and sacrificed at approximately weekly intervals for 51 d of 32P accumulation and 28 d of depuration to compare the specific activity with values predicted with a calculational model. In experiments performed in smaller aquaria, the specific activity in @entity0 and catfish muscle was compared at two feeding levels and two temperatures. In addition, unfed fish were exposed to 32P in water at a known specific activity to determine the extent of @entity1 uptake directly from water. The pattern of specific activity increase and decrease in fish muscle during the accumulation/depuration experiment was consistent with a one-compartment model, so that specific activity ratios at steady state could be predicted from measurements during relatively brief exposures. On this basis, the ratio of the bioaccumulation factors of 32P and @entity1 in fish feeding ad libitum was 0.081 for @entity0 and 0.17 for catfish. Hence, at a mean @entity1 bioaccumulation factor of 70,000, the factors for 32P are 6,000 and 12,000, respectively. The ratios were less at lower @entity1 intakes associated with lower feeding rates; moreover, the lesser value for @entity0 occurred at a much lower @entity1 intake than by catfish. The bioaccumulation factor ratio was lower by an order of magnitude at a water temperature of 11 degrees C than at 16-27 degrees C, and was lower by two orders of magnitude when @entity1 uptake was from water by unfed fish.

title: Bioaccumulation factor for 32P measured in @entity0 , XXXX , and catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Plasma fibronectin modulates macrophage phagocytic function and can also incorporate into the insoluble tissue pool of fibronectin where it influences endothelial cell adhesion and tissue integrity. We studied the effect of postoperative @entity4 on lung protein clearance in relation to plasma fibronectin levels using the unanesthetized @entity2 lung lymph fistula model and the effect of infusion of purified @entity0 plasma fibronectin on lung protein clearance. @entity2 received live @entity3 (5 X 10(8) iv) at a time of normal plasma fibronectin (590 +/- 37 micrograms/ml) or 5 days later at a time corresponding to elevation of plasma fibronectin (921 +/- 114 micrograms/ml). After the first bacterial challenge, there was a 22% decrease (P less than 0.05) in plasma fibronectin. Lung lymph flow (QL) initially increased 308% (P less than 0.05) by 2 h (0 h = 4.7 +/- 1.1 ml/h; 2 h = 14.4 +/- 3.5 ml/h), and the total protein lymph-to-plasma concentration ratio (L/P) declined. This was followed by a sustained second phase response over 3-12 h which was characterized by a 202-393% elevation in QL (P less than 0.05), an increase in the L/P ratio, and a 240-480% (P less than 0.05) increase in lung transvascular protein clearance (TVPC = QL X L/P). @entity2 with elevated fibronectin levels also manifested the early (2 h) elevation in QL (P less than 0.05) coupled with a decline in L/P ratio after the second bacterial challenge, but the second-phase increase in TVPC was markedly attenuated. Intravenous infusion of 500 mg of @entity0 plasma fibronectin into normal @entity2 to elevate the fibronectin level comparable to that in the hyperfibronectinemic @entity2 also attenuated (P less than 0.05) the second-phase (3-12 h) increase in lung protein clearance with @entity1 . Thus elevation of plasma fibronectin during postoperative Gram-negative @entity4 may protect the lung vascular barrier. This response may be mediated by either fibronectin's opsonic support of phagocytic function or its influence on lung endothelial cell adhesion.

title: Plasma fibronectin therapy and lung protein clearance with XXXX after surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The identification of @entity1 as a pathological diagnosis depends on an accurate assessment of body @entity2 and a correlation of @entity2 with pathological consequences. Because total body fat varies with body weight, the proportion of body weight that is fat is probably a more reliable indicator of risk. Among @entity1 @entity0 and adolescents, several problems have hindered the development of accurate clinical measures of percent body fat and total body fat. First, the use of direct methods to measure body composition is limited by expense and labor. Second, the relationship between anthropometric indexes and body composition in @entity1 @entity0 and adolescents has not been intensively studied. Third, sample sizes of normal weight @entity0 have been too small to permit the development of diagnostic criteria. Fourth, the triceps skinfold is less reproducible in overweight subjects. Increases in lean body mass in @entity1 adolescents may confound the use of the body mass index as a measure of adiposity. Current laboratory methods for the measurement of body composition include: (1) underwater weighing, (2) 40K counting, (3) isotopic dilution measures, (4) neutron activation, and (5) electrical impedance. This article examines relationships between those methods and anthropometry in the measurement of @entity2 in @entity0 and adolescents, as well as the difficulties in measuring body @entity2 and the importance of body fat distribution and its relationship to morbidity in @entity0 . Current evidence suggests an association of morbidity and upper segment @entity1 in adults. Corresponding studies in @entity0 and adolescents are yet to be carried out.

title: Assessment of body XXXX in @entity1 : evaluation of laboratory and anthropometric techniques.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The identification of @entity1 as a pathological diagnosis depends on an accurate assessment of body @entity2 and a correlation of @entity2 with pathological consequences. Because total body fat varies with body weight, the proportion of body weight that is fat is probably a more reliable indicator of risk. Among @entity1 @entity0 and adolescents, several problems have hindered the development of accurate clinical measures of percent body fat and total body fat. First, the use of direct methods to measure body composition is limited by expense and labor. Second, the relationship between anthropometric indexes and body composition in @entity1 @entity0 and adolescents has not been intensively studied. Third, sample sizes of normal weight @entity0 have been too small to permit the development of diagnostic criteria. Fourth, the triceps skinfold is less reproducible in overweight subjects. Increases in lean body mass in @entity1 adolescents may confound the use of the body mass index as a measure of adiposity. Current laboratory methods for the measurement of body composition include: (1) underwater weighing, (2) 40K counting, (3) isotopic dilution measures, (4) neutron activation, and (5) electrical impedance. This article examines relationships between those methods and anthropometry in the measurement of @entity2 in @entity0 and adolescents, as well as the difficulties in measuring body @entity2 and the importance of body fat distribution and its relationship to morbidity in @entity0 . Current evidence suggests an association of morbidity and upper segment @entity1 in adults. Corresponding studies in @entity0 and adolescents are yet to be carried out.

title: Assessment of body @entity2 in XXXX : evaluation of laboratory and anthropometric techniques.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To elucidate the effects of coronary thrombolytic therapy in acute @entity1 , we observed serially the degree of left ventricular (LV) wall motion immediately after on day 1, and on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after thrombolytic therapy, in 22 @entity0 with @entity1 . Base-line coronary arteriography revealed significant lesions in the proximal portions of the left anterior descending artery of all the @entity0 . The @entity0 were categorized according to results of thrombolytic therapy as Group I-a: seven @entity0 with spontaneous or successful recanalization within three hours of onset of @entity2 ; Group I-b: nine @entity0 with successful recanalization between three and seven hours, with a mean of 4.8 hours from onset; and Group II: six @entity0 in whom thrombolytic therapy was unsuccessful and infarct-related vessels remained totally occluded. The LV wall motion index (WMI) was defined as the sum of point scores for the degrees of regional wall motion at nine segments on serial two-dimensional echocardiograms, and used for quantitative assessments of LV function. Results were as follows: On day 1, immediately after thrombolytic therapy, the WMI of Group I-a was smaller than that of Group II. However, there was no significant difference between Groups I-a and I-b and between Groups I-b and II. These findings suggest that LV function cannot be recovered immediately after recanalization of occluded arteries unless recanalization occurs exceptionally early. Percent improvement of the WMI from days 1 to 28 in Group I-a, 65 +/- 14%, was significantly greater than that in Group I-b, 31 +/- 18%. However, Group II did not show significant improvement in the WMI. The WMI in Group I-a decreased significantly from days 1 to 7 (9.0 +/- 1.6 vs 7.1 +/- 1.8, p less than 0.05); whereas, the WMI in Group I-b showed no significant decrease until day 21. On day 1, the regional wall motion of the antero-apical wall was @entity4 or @entity3 in all @entity0 studied. On day 28, it improved in six of seven @entity0 in Group I-a, while it remained @entity4 or @entity3 in all @entity0 in Groups I-b and II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Coronary thrombolytic therapy in acute XXXX : time dependence of beneficial effects assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to document in vivo neuronal sprouting in response to local @entity1 of the mature cerebral neocortex. The experimental approach enabled direct and unequivocal ultrastructural identification of newly sprouted neuronal processes and their synaptic relationships. Morphologically detectable factors that influence neuronal sprouting were also assessed. Tiny fragments of porous, synthetic membrane were implanted into the mature neocortex of the @entity0 . After one week, axons, dendrites, growth cone-like structures, synapses, and processes from astrocytes and microglia were present deep within the interstices of the implant. Morphometric analysis of synapses within the implant, support the qualitative impression of active @entity2 and de novo synaptogenesis by these sprouted elements. Astrocytic processes appear to comprise the major barrier to neuronal invasion of the implant. Several observations suggested that glia sometimes may facilitate @entity2 . These findings provide direct morphological documentation of axonal and dendritic plasticity in the mature @entity0 neocortex. The work demonstrates a strategy that could be useful for further evaluating the cellular mechanism of in vivo neuronal regeneration.

title: Morphological responses to local CNS XXXX : sprouting and synaptogenesis within membranes implanted into mature cerebral cortex of the @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to document in vivo neuronal sprouting in response to local @entity1 of the mature cerebral neocortex. The experimental approach enabled direct and unequivocal ultrastructural identification of newly sprouted neuronal processes and their synaptic relationships. Morphologically detectable factors that influence neuronal sprouting were also assessed. Tiny fragments of porous, synthetic membrane were implanted into the mature neocortex of the @entity0 . After one week, axons, dendrites, growth cone-like structures, synapses, and processes from astrocytes and microglia were present deep within the interstices of the implant. Morphometric analysis of synapses within the implant, support the qualitative impression of active @entity2 and de novo synaptogenesis by these sprouted elements. Astrocytic processes appear to comprise the major barrier to neuronal invasion of the implant. Several observations suggested that glia sometimes may facilitate @entity2 . These findings provide direct morphological documentation of axonal and dendritic plasticity in the mature @entity0 neocortex. The work demonstrates a strategy that could be useful for further evaluating the cellular mechanism of in vivo neuronal regeneration.

title: Morphological responses to local CNS @entity1 : sprouting and synaptogenesis within membranes implanted into mature cerebral cortex of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Intracellular recording techniques have been used to study neurons that respond to low- and to high-intensity mechanical stimulation of the skin of the hindpaw (wide dynamic range or multireceptive cells) in the deep dorsal horn of the fourth lumbar segment of the spinal cord, in decerebrate-spinal @entity0 . Electrical stimulation of the A-fibers in the sciatic nerve produced a short-latency response in all 32 neurons studied. A long-latency prolonged excitation was produced in 28 of the 32 neurons when the unmyelinated afferents in the sciatic nerve were activated. This paper describes the physiological properties of 12 multireceptive cells with A- and @entity1 inputs, whose cell body location was established by horseradish peroxidase ionophoresis and the morphology of six neurons in this group whose cell bodies lay within lamina V. Single stimuli to the sciatic nerve at an intensity high enough to activate unmyelinated afferent fibers ( @entity1 strength) produced two patterns of response in the neurons. In five neurons a number of long-latency postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) clearly separated from the short-latency A-fiber evoked PSPs were produced, resulting in an early discharge, a silent period, and a late discharge. The second pattern, found in seven neurons, was a long-lasting depolarization, only generated by C-strength stimuli, which continued from the early A-fiber evoked PSPs, peaked at 100-200 ms, and lasted for 300-500 ms, producing in six cases a continuous burst of action potentials with a maximal frequency at the expected latency of the C-afferent fiber input but with no clear A- and @entity1 evoked banding of the action potentials. This postsynaptic depolarization was large enough to inactivate action potentials in one cell. Repeated stimuli to the sciatic nerve (1 Hz for 10 s) at @entity1 strength produced five different types of response in the neurons. In three neurons a progressive increase in the size and duration of the @entity1 PSPs occurred, resulting in an increase in the number of action potentials (windup), whereas in two, the repeated stimulation resulted in a progressive moderate depolarization of the neurons and an increase in the total number of action potentials evoked at both early and late latencies. Large depolarizations, sufficient to partially inactivate action potentials, developed during the repeated stimulation in two cells, effectively reducing the number of spikes evoked per stimulus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Physiology and morphology of multireceptive neurons with C-afferent fiber inputs in the deep dorsal horn of the XXXX lumbar spinal cord.

answer: @entity0


abstract: One hundred @entity0 who were in extremis and required Emergency Room Thoracotomy (ERT) after sustaining penetrating @entity2 were analyzed to compare the results of attempted stabilization in the field (n = 51) with those who had immediate transportation (n = 49). The clinical status of the @entity0 in the field and in the E.R. was quantified by @entity1 Score (TS) as well as Physiologic Index (PI), ranging in severity from 20 (clinically dead) to 5 (stable). The anatomic injury severity was expressed by Penetrating @entity1 Index (PTI). Survival was analyzed according to the type of injuries: noncardiac and cardiac. The overall survival was 10%. There was only one survivor with noncardiac injuries. Sixty-nine @entity0 had cardiac penetration, 33 in Group I (stabilization) and 36 in Group II (immediate transport). Despite attempts at stabilization, none of the @entity0 in Group I showed an improvement in clinical status from the scene to the emergency room. There were a higher number of @entity0 arriving at the E.R. with signs of life in Group II compared to Group I. In Group II @entity0 , survival was significantly improved overall (p = 0.01), in @entity0 with signs of life on arrival at the hospital (p = 0.02) and in @entity0 with isolated right ventricular wounds (p = 0.01) compared with Group I. The anatomic injury severity (PTI) as well as the mode of injury in the two groups was similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Penetrating XXXX : in-field stabilization vs. prompt transport.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The fate of 48 @entity0 with clinical stage T3 @entity2 after attempted curative surgical management was studied. In 23 of these @entity0 positive frozen sections of the lymph nodes were found at pelvic lymphadenectomy and orchiectomy was performed. The median interval to progression was 61 months. Radical prostatectomy was performed in the remaining 25 @entity0 . In 4 of these @entity0 positive lymph nodes were found on paraffin sections but no additional treatment was given. Over-all, @entity1 removal as defined by negative lymph nodes and negative margins of resection could be achieved in 14 of the 48 @entity0 (29 per cent). During the same period 34 @entity0 with clinical state T less than 3 @entity2 were treated in a similar manner. Orchiectomy was done in 4 @entity0 because of positive frozen sections of the lymph nodes and radical prostatectomy was done in 30, including 1 in whom positive paraffin sections of the lymph nodes were found but no additional treatment was given. An attempt was made to study the impact of several prognostic factors by comparing the probability of progression between @entity0 with stage pT3 disease with (T3pT3N0) or without (T less than 3pT3N0) extracapsular @entity1 growth as determined by preoperative rectal examination (36 versus 27 per cent progression at 3 years), with or without positive margins of resection (45 versus 20 per cent progression at 3 years) and with or without involvement of the seminal vesicles (47 versus 18 per cent progression at 3 years). Our results suggest that a certain proportion of @entity0 with clinical stage T3 disease will benefit from radical prostatectomy. This is to be expected especially in @entity0 with stage T3pT3N0 @entity1 and negative margins.

title: Surgical treatment of locally advanced (T3) XXXX : early results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recent evidence favors the view of @entity8 as an @entity11 , frequently associated with @entity7 , but also observed in neurological, neurodevelopmental, physical and toxic conditions. From our systematic literature review, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) results effective in all forms of @entity8 , even after pharmacotherapy with @entity6 has failed. Response rate ranges from 80% to 100% and results superior to those of any other therapy in psychiatry. ECT should be considered first-line treatment in @entity0 with malignant @entity8 , @entity10 , @entity3 or severe @entity9 excitement, and in general in all @entity9 @entity0 that are refractory or partially responsive to @entity6 . Early intervention with ECT is encouraged to avoid undue deterioration of the @entity0 's medical condition. Little is known about the long-term treatment outcomes following administration of ECT for @entity8 . The presence of a concomitant chronic neurologic disease or @entity1 seems to be related to ECT non-response. On the contrary, the presence of acute, severe and @entity12 is associated with good response. Severe @entity4 features in responders may be related with a prominent GABAergic mediated @entity2 , whereas non-responders may be characterized by a prevalent dopaminergic mediated @entity1 . These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that ECT is more effective in "top-down" variant of @entity8 , in which the @entity5 may be sustained by a dysregulation of the orbitofrontal cortex, than in "bottom-up" variant, in which an @entity1 may be prevalent. Future research should focus on ECT response in different subtype of @entity8 and on efficacy of maintenance ECT in long-term prevention of recurrent @entity8 . Further research on mechanism of action of ECT in @entity8 may also contribute to the development of other brain stimulation techniques.

title: Electroconvulsive therapy in XXXX @entity0 : Efficacy and predictors of response.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Recent evidence favors the view of @entity8 as an @entity11 , frequently associated with @entity7 , but also observed in neurological, neurodevelopmental, physical and toxic conditions. From our systematic literature review, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) results effective in all forms of @entity8 , even after pharmacotherapy with @entity6 has failed. Response rate ranges from 80% to 100% and results superior to those of any other therapy in psychiatry. ECT should be considered first-line treatment in @entity0 with malignant @entity8 , @entity10 , @entity3 or severe @entity9 excitement, and in general in all @entity9 @entity0 that are refractory or partially responsive to @entity6 . Early intervention with ECT is encouraged to avoid undue deterioration of the @entity0 's medical condition. Little is known about the long-term treatment outcomes following administration of ECT for @entity8 . The presence of a concomitant chronic neurologic disease or @entity1 seems to be related to ECT non-response. On the contrary, the presence of acute, severe and @entity12 is associated with good response. Severe @entity4 features in responders may be related with a prominent GABAergic mediated @entity2 , whereas non-responders may be characterized by a prevalent dopaminergic mediated @entity1 . These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that ECT is more effective in "top-down" variant of @entity8 , in which the @entity5 may be sustained by a dysregulation of the orbitofrontal cortex, than in "bottom-up" variant, in which an @entity1 may be prevalent. Future research should focus on ECT response in different subtype of @entity8 and on efficacy of maintenance ECT in long-term prevention of recurrent @entity8 . Further research on mechanism of action of ECT in @entity8 may also contribute to the development of other brain stimulation techniques.

title: Electroconvulsive therapy in @entity9 XXXX : Efficacy and predictors of response.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Invasive @entity3 (IFI) is described increasingly in individuals experiencing high-energy military @entity1 . Hallmarks of successful treatment involve @entity2 and early initiation of systemic antimicrobial therapy. Currently, intravenous anti-fungal therapy commences based on appearance of wounds and @entity0 's clinical course. Whereas some clinical protocols exist to predict which critically injured @entity0 should receive anti-fungal therapies, there are no established serum markers associated with IFI. Our hypothesis is that serum inflammatory cytokines exist that can assist in identifying individuals at risk for IFI. METHODS: This is a retrospective case control study at a single institution. Nine @entity0 with IFI (Saksenaea vasiformis, Fusarium sp., Graphium sp., Scedosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., and Alternaria sp.) after battlefield @entity1 were matched to nine individuals with similar injury patterns whose laboratory results were negative for IFI. The combination of serum inflammatory cytokines from the first and second debridements was examined with multiplex platform proteomic analysis. We defined statistical significance as a two-tailed a<0.05 after adjusting for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate method. This model was refined further with correlation-based filter selection and the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) was tested. RESULTS: Both groups had similar Injury Severity Scores (ISS) (mean  standard deviation [SD]) (26.8  15.5 vs. 29.2  16.8, p=0.766). Elevated @entity4 (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) alone (10,492.8  4,450.1 vs. 5,333.3  4,162.2, p=0.006) correlated with IFI. Also, the combination of persistent elevations in @entity4 , interleukin (IL)-2R, and @entity5 was a robust model for predicting IFI with the AUROC being 0.9. CONCLUSIONS: Elevation in serum cytokines, particularly @entity4 , correlated with IFI in this small group of @entity0 . This demonstrates the potential of future rapid serum testing for early initiation and guidance of anti-fungal therapies.

title: Serum Inflammatory Cytokine Markers of Invasive XXXX in Previously Immunocompetent Battle Casualties.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The phagocytosis of erythrocytes by macrophages has previously been shown to depress macrophage function. In this study we compared the effect of the phagocytosis of erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts by Kupffer cells on the duration of the @entity1 of complement receptor clearance function and host defense against @entity3 and @entity2 . Phagocytosis of erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts was induced in @entity0 by the injection of @entity0 erythrocytes or erythrocyte ghosts coated with anti-rat erythrocyte immunoglobulin G (EIgG and GIgG, respectively). The hepatic uptake of EIgG and GIgG (17.4 X 10(8)/100 g) occurred during the first 30 min after injection. The digestion of phagocytized EIgG and GIgG, as assessed by electron microscopy, was complete at 24 and 3 h after injection, respectively. The @entity1 of Kupffer cell complement receptor clearance function caused by EIgG and GIgG returned to normal by 6 h after injection of EIgG and by 3 h after injection of GIgG. Phagocytosis of EIgG depressed the survival rate after @entity3 and @entity2 when endotoxin or bacteria were injected at 30 min after EIgG. The survival rate returned to normal when the endotoxin and bacteria were injected at 12 and 6 h after the EIgG, respectively. Phagocytosis of GIgG did not depress the survival rate after @entity3 and @entity2 . Thus, compared with erythrocytes, erythrocyte ghosts are more rapidly digested after phagocytosis, depress complement receptor function for a shorter period of time, and cause less @entity1 of host defense. These findings indicate that the contents of erythrocytes play an important role in the impairment of host defense caused by the phagocytosis of erythrocytes by Kupffer cells.

title: Effect of Kupffer cell phagocytosis of erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts on susceptibility to XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The phagocytosis of erythrocytes by macrophages has previously been shown to depress macrophage function. In this study we compared the effect of the phagocytosis of erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts by Kupffer cells on the duration of the @entity1 of complement receptor clearance function and host defense against @entity3 and @entity2 . Phagocytosis of erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts was induced in @entity0 by the injection of @entity0 erythrocytes or erythrocyte ghosts coated with anti-rat erythrocyte immunoglobulin G (EIgG and GIgG, respectively). The hepatic uptake of EIgG and GIgG (17.4 X 10(8)/100 g) occurred during the first 30 min after injection. The digestion of phagocytized EIgG and GIgG, as assessed by electron microscopy, was complete at 24 and 3 h after injection, respectively. The @entity1 of Kupffer cell complement receptor clearance function caused by EIgG and GIgG returned to normal by 6 h after injection of EIgG and by 3 h after injection of GIgG. Phagocytosis of EIgG depressed the survival rate after @entity3 and @entity2 when endotoxin or bacteria were injected at 30 min after EIgG. The survival rate returned to normal when the endotoxin and bacteria were injected at 12 and 6 h after the EIgG, respectively. Phagocytosis of GIgG did not depress the survival rate after @entity3 and @entity2 . Thus, compared with erythrocytes, erythrocyte ghosts are more rapidly digested after phagocytosis, depress complement receptor function for a shorter period of time, and cause less @entity1 of host defense. These findings indicate that the contents of erythrocytes play an important role in the impairment of host defense caused by the phagocytosis of erythrocytes by Kupffer cells.

title: Effect of Kupffer cell phagocytosis of erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts on susceptibility to @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies of the protective effect of breastfeeding on @entity2 have not brought unequivocal results, and thus this issue remains controversial. Antibiotic use, known to increase @entity2 risk, may be involved in this relationship. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of breastfeeding duration on @entity1 and @entity2 risk in childhood and to test a mediating role of antibiotic use in infancy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional anthropometric and questionnaire study was conducted on 1,277 schoolchildren 8 years of age. Data on weight status, @entity2 , breastfeeding duration, antibiotic administration in infancy, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle were analyzed. Multivariate standard and logistic regression and mediation analyses, controlling for confounders, were applied. RESULTS: Total duration of breastfeeding was negatively related to the @entity0 's body mass index (p=0.038), fat percentage (p=0.030), and @entity1 risk (p=0.032). Dropping the variable of antibiotic use from the model made the breastfeeding duration a significant predictor of low @entity2 risk (p=0.027). Antibiotic treatment mediated the relationship between breastfeeding duration and @entity2 risk (Sobel's z=-2.61, p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support protective effects of longer duration of breastfeeding against @entity1 and @entity2 . We propose a new mechanism for a relationship between breastfeeding and @entity2 : shorter breastfeeding compromises @entity0 health and thereby leads to antibiotic treatment, which in turn increases the risk of @entity2 .

title: Is the Relationship Between Breastfeeding and Childhood Risk of Asthma and XXXX Mediated by Infant Antibiotic Treatment?

answer: @entity1


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The ideal alloplastic implant for correction of traumatic @entity2 has not been adequately examined. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety profile and postoperative results of expanded @entity8 (ePTFE) implants used in functional nasal surgery (FNS) in the setting of traumatic @entity2 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : We conducted a 13-year retrospective medical chart review for @entity0 treated at a tertiary academic facial plastic and reconstructive surgery practice between July 1999 and July 2012. A total of 404 FNS procedures were performed by a single surgeon during this period, 255 to repair @entity2 , 35 of these involving ePTFE implants. @entity0 demographics, medical comorbidities, operative and technical considerations, functional and aesthetic results, complications, and postoperative course findings were collected from @entity0 records. In addition, preoperative and postoperative photographic documents were examined. EXPOSURES: Functional nasal surgery. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: @entity5 or presentations necessitating revision. RESULTS: A total of 404 @entity0 (197 male, 207 female) underwent FNS. Of those, 255 procedures were to treat @entity2 . Forty @entity0 altogether required the use of an ePTFE implant, 35 of those 40 deformities being associated with a @entity4 . One of the 35 @entity0 in the ePTFE-repaired @entity2 group experienced @entity3 . This @entity0 ultimately developed exposure after the @entity6 failed to resolve with oral antibiotics, and the implant was removed. An additional @entity0 in the ePTFE group required revision of the implant owing to contour irregularity and aesthetic concerns. No @entity6 or other complications occurred among the 220 @entity0 with @entity2 treated with autologous grafts. Analysis of other variables including sex, @entity7 use, @entity1 , immunosuppression, implant thickness, suture material, and prior septorhinoplasty were not associated with increased rate of @entity6 (P   >   .05 for all). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In the setting of traumatic nasal deformities requiring FNS, ePTFE implants can be used at the level of the nasal dorsum, where soft tissue coverage is often adequate, with a low risk of complications.

title: Safety and Efficacy of Expanded @entity8 Implants in the Surgical Management of Traumatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The ideal alloplastic implant for correction of traumatic @entity2 has not been adequately examined. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety profile and postoperative results of expanded @entity8 (ePTFE) implants used in functional nasal surgery (FNS) in the setting of traumatic @entity2 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : We conducted a 13-year retrospective medical chart review for @entity0 treated at a tertiary academic facial plastic and reconstructive surgery practice between July 1999 and July 2012. A total of 404 FNS procedures were performed by a single surgeon during this period, 255 to repair @entity2 , 35 of these involving ePTFE implants. @entity0 demographics, medical comorbidities, operative and technical considerations, functional and aesthetic results, complications, and postoperative course findings were collected from @entity0 records. In addition, preoperative and postoperative photographic documents were examined. EXPOSURES: Functional nasal surgery. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: @entity5 or presentations necessitating revision. RESULTS: A total of 404 @entity0 (197 male, 207 female) underwent FNS. Of those, 255 procedures were to treat @entity2 . Forty @entity0 altogether required the use of an ePTFE implant, 35 of those 40 deformities being associated with a @entity4 . One of the 35 @entity0 in the ePTFE-repaired @entity2 group experienced @entity3 . This @entity0 ultimately developed exposure after the @entity6 failed to resolve with oral antibiotics, and the implant was removed. An additional @entity0 in the ePTFE group required revision of the implant owing to contour irregularity and aesthetic concerns. No @entity6 or other complications occurred among the 220 @entity0 with @entity2 treated with autologous grafts. Analysis of other variables including sex, @entity7 use, @entity1 , immunosuppression, implant thickness, suture material, and prior septorhinoplasty were not associated with increased rate of @entity6 (P   >   .05 for all). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In the setting of traumatic nasal deformities requiring FNS, ePTFE implants can be used at the level of the nasal dorsum, where soft tissue coverage is often adequate, with a low risk of complications.

title: Safety and Efficacy of Expanded XXXX Implants in the Surgical Management of Traumatic @entity2 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify computer extracted in vivo dynamic contrast enhanced ( @entity4 ) MRI markers associated with quantitative histomorphometric (QH) characteristics of microvessels and Gleason scores (GS) in @entity2 . METHODS: This study considered retrospective data from 23 biopsy confirmed @entity2 @entity0 who underwent 3 Tesla multiparametric MRI before radical prostatectomy (RP). Representative slices from RP specimens were stained with vascular marker @entity3 . @entity1 extent was mapped from RP sections onto @entity4 MRI using nonlinear registration methods. Seventy-seven microvessel QH features and 18 @entity4 MRI kinetic features were extracted and evaluated for their ability to distinguish low from intermediate and high GS. The effect of temporal sampling on kinetic features was assessed and correlations between those robust to temporal resolution and microvessel features discriminative of GS were examined. RESULTS: A total of 12 microvessel architectural features were discriminative of low and intermediate/high grade @entity1 with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) > 0.7. These features were most highly correlated with mean @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (max rho = -0.62). Independent analysis revealed @entity5 to be moderately robust to temporal resolution (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.63) and @entity5 variance, which was poorly correlated with microvessel features, to be predictive of low grade @entity1 (AUC = 0.77). Enhancement ratio was the most robust (ICC = 0.96) and discriminative (AUC = 0.78) kinetic feature but was moderately correlated with microvessel features (max rho = -0.52). CONCLUSION: Computer extracted features of prostate @entity4 MRI appear to be correlated with microvessel architecture and may be discriminative of low versus intermediate and high GS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Identifying in vivo @entity4 MRI markers associated with microvessel architecture and gleason grades of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify computer extracted in vivo dynamic contrast enhanced ( @entity4 ) MRI markers associated with quantitative histomorphometric (QH) characteristics of microvessels and Gleason scores (GS) in @entity2 . METHODS: This study considered retrospective data from 23 biopsy confirmed @entity2 @entity0 who underwent 3 Tesla multiparametric MRI before radical prostatectomy (RP). Representative slices from RP specimens were stained with vascular marker @entity3 . @entity1 extent was mapped from RP sections onto @entity4 MRI using nonlinear registration methods. Seventy-seven microvessel QH features and 18 @entity4 MRI kinetic features were extracted and evaluated for their ability to distinguish low from intermediate and high GS. The effect of temporal sampling on kinetic features was assessed and correlations between those robust to temporal resolution and microvessel features discriminative of GS were examined. RESULTS: A total of 12 microvessel architectural features were discriminative of low and intermediate/high grade @entity1 with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) > 0.7. These features were most highly correlated with mean @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (max rho = -0.62). Independent analysis revealed @entity5 to be moderately robust to temporal resolution (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.63) and @entity5 variance, which was poorly correlated with microvessel features, to be predictive of low grade @entity1 (AUC = 0.77). Enhancement ratio was the most robust (ICC = 0.96) and discriminative (AUC = 0.78) kinetic feature but was moderately correlated with microvessel features (max rho = -0.52). CONCLUSION: Computer extracted features of prostate @entity4 MRI appear to be correlated with microvessel architecture and may be discriminative of low versus intermediate and high GS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Identifying in vivo XXXX MRI markers associated with microvessel architecture and gleason grades of @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Samples of forage fragments were obtained from the upper (RUS) and lower (RLS) strata of the reticulorumen and feces (F) of four Brahman X Jersey steers grazing Coastal bermudagrass (CB) of two maturities with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) of 54.8 and 64.3%. Forage fragments were separated by particle size and evaluated histochemically for tissue type and fragmentation pattern. Fragmentation pattern was similar to that previously observed due to ingestive mastication. There was longitudinal separation of vascular bundles (VB) and severing at VB ends. Microscopically, similar size fragments from RUS were indistinguishable from those of RLS. The major difference between RUS and RLS was the distribution of different size particles. Larger particles were associated with the RUS in @entity1 consuming immature and mature CB. More large particles were associated with mature compared with the immature CB in the RUS and RLS. The distribution of different size particles in the F was similar for both maturities, suggesting that similar particle size reduction was required regardless of maturity. Smaller particles in the rumen and F appeared to contain more lignin (determined histochemically) and were composed of indigestible fragments of cuticle and lignified vascular tissue. @entity1 grazing mature CB had higher ruminal fills (2.40 vs 2.02 kg dry matter/100 kg body weight), reduced rates of passage and lower @entity2 (2.50 vs 3.14 kg DM/100 kg body weight). Lower intake of mature CB may have resulted from a reduced rate of particle size reduction. Similarities in fragmentation patterns due to ingestive and ruminative mastication were interpreted to indicate that mastication was responsible for most of the particle size reduction of CB and that mastication facilitated digestion of potentially digestible tissues.

title: Fragmentation and flow of grazed coastal Bermudagrass through the digestive tract of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The standard assessment method for @entity2 severity in @entity1 is visual observation by neurologists using clinical rating scales. This is, therefore, a subjective rating that is dependent on clinical expertise. The objective of this study was to report clinicians' tendencies to under-rate Parkinsonian @entity2 in the less affected hand. This was observed through objective @entity2 measurement with accelerometers. @entity2 amplitudes were measured objectively using tri-axis-accelerometers for both hands simultaneously in 53 @entity0 with @entity1 during resting and postural @entity2 . The videotaped @entity2 was rated by neurologists using clinical rating scales. The @entity2 measured by accelerometer was compared with clinical ratings. Neurologists tended to under-rate the less affected hand in resting @entity2 when the contralateral hand had severe @entity2 in Session I. The participating neurologists corrected this tendency in Session II after being informed of it. The under-rating tendency was then repeated by other uninformed neurologists in Session III. Kappa statistics showed high inter-rater agreements and high agreements between estimated scores derived from the accelerometer signals and the mean Clinical @entity2 Rating Scale evaluated in every session. Therefore, clinicians need to be aware of this under-rating tendency in visual inspection of the less affected hand in order to make accurate @entity2 severity assessments.

title: Clinicians' Tendencies to Under-Rate XXXX in the Less Affected Hand.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pauwels classification has long been used in @entity2 to measure the inclination of the @entity1 line and is still widely used. In recent years, however, some studies have contested the reliability of this measurement method. This study investigates modified measurement method to assess the inclination angle with assisted parameters to evaluate the correlation between the different angles and the incidences of loss of reduction, nonunion and @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to analyse the clinical data of 209 relatively young @entity0 (between 20 and 60 years old) with intracapsular @entity2 fixed by inverted triangular screws between January 2004 and December 2010, including 111 males and 98 females, with an average age of 47.08  9.93 years. Using the modified measurement method, the pre-operative inclination angles of @entity0 with intracapsular @entity2 were analyzed. The measured angles were classified into three types: type I, <30 degrees; type II, 30-50 degrees; and type III, >50 degrees. RESULTS: With regard to loss of reduction, nonunion and @entity3 , there were no significant differences with respect to age, sex and @entity1 side. However, there were significant differences with respect to @entity1 type, reduction quality and different modified Pauwels types. In the multiple regression analysis, the factors associated with loss of reduction were the @entity1 type (odds ratio [OR]=7.22), reduction quality (anatomic vs unacceptable reduction, OR=0.11; acceptable vs unacceptable reduction, OR=0.23), and modified Pauwels type (type II vs type III, OR=0.36). The factors associated with @entity1 nonunion were the @entity1 type (OR=9.43), reduction quality (acceptable vs unacceptable reduction, OR=0.17) and modified Pauwels type (type II vs type III, OR=0.22). And the factors associated with @entity3 were the modified Pauwels type (type I vs type III, OR=0.15; type II vs type III, OR=0.36). CONCLUSIONS: A displaced @entity1 , poor reduction quality and high modified Pauwels type are noted risk factors for loss of reduction and @entity1 nonunion in the post-operative follow up of intracapsular @entity2 . The modified Pauwels type is also noted a risk factor for @entity3 . Thus, this modified method is a useful tool for correcting the deficiencies of traditional Pauwels classification and predicting the outcome of @entity2 .

title: Using a modified Pauwels method to predict the outcome of XXXX in relatively young @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pauwels classification has long been used in @entity2 to measure the inclination of the @entity1 line and is still widely used. In recent years, however, some studies have contested the reliability of this measurement method. This study investigates modified measurement method to assess the inclination angle with assisted parameters to evaluate the correlation between the different angles and the incidences of loss of reduction, nonunion and @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to analyse the clinical data of 209 relatively young @entity0 (between 20 and 60 years old) with intracapsular @entity2 fixed by inverted triangular screws between January 2004 and December 2010, including 111 males and 98 females, with an average age of 47.08  9.93 years. Using the modified measurement method, the pre-operative inclination angles of @entity0 with intracapsular @entity2 were analyzed. The measured angles were classified into three types: type I, <30 degrees; type II, 30-50 degrees; and type III, >50 degrees. RESULTS: With regard to loss of reduction, nonunion and @entity3 , there were no significant differences with respect to age, sex and @entity1 side. However, there were significant differences with respect to @entity1 type, reduction quality and different modified Pauwels types. In the multiple regression analysis, the factors associated with loss of reduction were the @entity1 type (odds ratio [OR]=7.22), reduction quality (anatomic vs unacceptable reduction, OR=0.11; acceptable vs unacceptable reduction, OR=0.23), and modified Pauwels type (type II vs type III, OR=0.36). The factors associated with @entity1 nonunion were the @entity1 type (OR=9.43), reduction quality (acceptable vs unacceptable reduction, OR=0.17) and modified Pauwels type (type II vs type III, OR=0.22). And the factors associated with @entity3 were the modified Pauwels type (type I vs type III, OR=0.15; type II vs type III, OR=0.36). CONCLUSIONS: A displaced @entity1 , poor reduction quality and high modified Pauwels type are noted risk factors for loss of reduction and @entity1 nonunion in the post-operative follow up of intracapsular @entity2 . The modified Pauwels type is also noted a risk factor for @entity3 . Thus, this modified method is a useful tool for correcting the deficiencies of traditional Pauwels classification and predicting the outcome of @entity2 .

title: Using a modified Pauwels method to predict the outcome of @entity2 in relatively young XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To investigate the influence of individual surgeons and pathologists on examining an adequate (i.e. >= 10) number of lymph nodes in @entity2 resection specimens. @entity0 AND METHODS: The number of lymph nodes was evaluated in surgically treated @entity0 for @entity2 at our hospital from 2008 through 2010, excluding @entity0 who had received neo-adjuvant treatment. The @entity0 group consisted of 156 @entity0 with a median age of 73 (interquartile range (IQR) 63-82 years) and a median of 12 lymph nodes per @entity0 (IQR 8-15). In 106 @entity0 (67.9%), 10 or more nodes were histopathologically examined. RESULTS: At univariate analysis, the examination of >= 10 nodes was influenced by @entity1 size (p = 0.05), @entity1 location (p = 0.015), type of resection (p = 0.034), individual surgeon (p = 0.023), and pathologist (p = 0.005). Neither individual surgeons nor pathologists did statistically and significantly influence the chance of finding an N+ status. Age (p = 0.044), type of resection (p = 0.007), individual surgeon (p = 0.012) and pathologist (p = 0.004) were independent prognostic factors in a multivariate model for finding >= 10 nodes. CONCLUSION: Though @entity1 staging was not affected in this study, individual efforts by surgeons and pathologists play a critical role in achieving optimal lymph node yield through conventional methods.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Lymph Node Yield in XXXX : Individuals Can Make the Difference.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on nonsurgical treatment of @entity0 with @entity6 by means of scaling and root planing (SRP) with or without adjuncts. METHODS: A panel of experts convened by the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs conducted a search of PubMed (MEDLINE) and Embase for randomized controlled trials of SRP with or without the use of adjuncts with clinical attachment level (CAL) outcomes in trials at least 6 months in duration and published in English through July 2014. The authors assessed individual study bias by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and conducted meta-analyses to obtain the summary effect estimates and their precision and to assess heterogeneity. The authors used funnel plots and Egger tests to assess publication bias when there were more than 10 studies. The authors used a modified version of the US Preventive Services Task Force methods to assess the overall level of certainty in the evidence. RESULTS: The panel included 72 articles on the effectiveness of SRP with or without the following: systemic antimicrobials, a systemic host modulator (subantimicrobial-dose @entity4 ), locally delivered antimicrobials ( @entity2 chips, @entity4 hyclate gel, and @entity1 microspheres), and a variety of nonsurgical lasers (photodynamic therapy with a diode laser, a diode laser, @entity3 :yttrium- @entity5 -garnet lasers, and erbium lasers). CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: With a moderate level of certainty, the panel found approximately a 0.5-millimeter average improvement in CAL with SRP. Combinations of SRP with assorted adjuncts resulted in a range of average CAL improvements between 0.2 and 0.6 mm over SRP alone. The panel judged the following 4 adjunctive therapies as beneficial with a moderate level of certainty: systemic subantimicrobial-dose @entity4 , systemic antimicrobials, @entity2 chips, and photodynamic therapy with a diode laser. There was a low level of certainty in the benefits of the other included adjunctive therapies. The panel provides clinical recommendations in the associated clinical practice guideline.

title: Systematic review and meta-analysis on the nonsurgical treatment of XXXX by means of scaling and root planing with or without adjuncts.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exhaled breath temperature (EBT) has recently been proposed as a noninvasive marker of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 . However, the usefulness of EBT in everyday clinical practice is not well established. Results to date are contradictory and are mainly derived from small, pediatric populations. A comparison of results is further complicated by the use of different equipment and measurements. OBJECTIVE: We performed a comprehensive study to determine whether EBT is related to @entity2 control, disease severity, @entity4 . METHODS: Sixty-nine @entity0 on maintenance treatment for @entity2 were included in a cross-sectional study. At the same visit, we measured the EBT plateau (EBTp) using an X-halo Breath Thermometer (Delmedica, Singapore), the fraction of exhaled @entity3 (FeNO), spirometry, and inflammatory cell count in induced sputum, and we administered the Asthma Control Test questionnaire. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between EBTp measurements and the level of @entity2 control, disease severity, @entity4 , FeNO levels, or inflammatory @entity2 phenotypes. We found a significant difference between EBTp and gender. The EBTp was 34.07  C (SD 0.74) in @entity0 and 34.38  C (0.46) in @entity0 (p = 0.038). We also found a significant correlation between EBTp measurements and the induced sputum eosinophil count (R = -0.348, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study do not support the usefulness of the EBTp in @entity2 management in routine clinical practice. Further research using standardized methods is needed to determine the potential use of the EBTp measurement in @entity2 management.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Usefulness of the Exhaled Breath Temperature Plateau in Asthma XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF) in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) using a three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL). We aimed to study the effects of different post label delay on the resulting CBF maps and to investigate the characteristics and clinical applications of brain perfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 @entity0 and nineteen healthy control subjects were recruited. 3D PCASL was performed using a 3.0T MR scanner. ASL was performed twice with different @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Comparisons of CBF were made between @entity1 @entity0 and healthy control subjects respectively with @entity2 of 1.5s and @entity2 of 2.5s. Relationship between the CBF values and cognition was investigated using correlation analysis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated for CBF measurements in posterior cingulate region. RESULT: @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 of 1.5s showed lower CBF values primarily in bilateral temporal lobes, precuneus, middle and posterior cingulate gyri, left inferior parietal gyrus, left angular gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus. Lowered cerebral values were also observed in similar regions with @entity2 of 2.5s, but the clusters of voxel were smaller. CBF values were associated with cognition scores in most of gyri mentioned above. CONCLUSION: Hypoperfusion areas were observed in @entity1 @entity0 . @entity2 of 1.5s was sufficient to display CBF. Considering the complicated @entity1 pathology, multiple PLDs are strongly recommended.

title: Different post label delay cerebral blood flow measurements in @entity0 with XXXX using 3D arterial spin labeling.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF) in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) using a three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL). We aimed to study the effects of different post label delay on the resulting CBF maps and to investigate the characteristics and clinical applications of brain perfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 @entity0 and nineteen healthy control subjects were recruited. 3D PCASL was performed using a 3.0T MR scanner. ASL was performed twice with different @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Comparisons of CBF were made between @entity1 @entity0 and healthy control subjects respectively with @entity2 of 1.5s and @entity2 of 2.5s. Relationship between the CBF values and cognition was investigated using correlation analysis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated for CBF measurements in posterior cingulate region. RESULT: @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 of 1.5s showed lower CBF values primarily in bilateral temporal lobes, precuneus, middle and posterior cingulate gyri, left inferior parietal gyrus, left angular gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus. Lowered cerebral values were also observed in similar regions with @entity2 of 2.5s, but the clusters of voxel were smaller. CBF values were associated with cognition scores in most of gyri mentioned above. CONCLUSION: Hypoperfusion areas were observed in @entity1 @entity0 . @entity2 of 1.5s was sufficient to display CBF. Considering the complicated @entity1 pathology, multiple PLDs are strongly recommended.

title: Different post label delay cerebral blood flow measurements in XXXX with @entity1 using 3D arterial spin labeling.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The development and subsequent deterioration of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a common occurrence across all healthcare divides, concerning all @entity0 groups, age, gender and social environments. It increases demand on clinical resources and creates unnecessary hardship for @entity0 . Chronic @entity2 is challenging to prevent and notoriously difficult to manage owing to the complex nature of the @entity0 and the disease itself. The improvement of oxygenation to many chronic wound groups is gaining momentum across wound care; particularly in those wounds such as @entity2 that present with circulatory, @entity1 -deficient scenarios. METHOD: A descriptive evaluation was undertaken in an acute clinical setting where a spray solution containing purified haemoglobin was used in a cohort of 20 @entity0 who presented with chronic (>12 weeks) @entity2 . Standard wound care was undertaken by 18 health professionals with no changes to products, devices or practice before evaluation. All wounds received the addition of the product on eight set occasions over a 4-week period and the resulting data correlated in regards to the set outcomes of wound surface area reduction, ease of use, adverse events and @entity0 acceptability. RESULTS: At 4 weeks all wounds had demonstrated positive wound reduction, there were no adverse events, all @entity0 and clinicians found the product acceptable and easy to use. Interestingly, although not a set outcome, all wounds commenced the evaluation with wound-bed slough present and at 4 weeks 100% were deemed slough free. At a further 4-week review no @entity0 wounds had regressed. CONCLUSION: The incorporation of a haemoglobin spray solution within this cohort of @entity2 resulted in a positive improvement in wound healing and slough elimination. Further work in this area is recommended to increase the evidence.

title: Topical haemoglobin spray for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Free scapular flaps are suitable for many @entity2 applications and often provide excellent contour reproduction and appearance. However, when the soft tissue defect of the lower leg is extensive and complicated there may not be vessels in the recipient site suitable to be anastomosed. A cross-leg pedicled free @entity3 technique can be applied in this situation. This study extends the indications and reports a successful experience using cross-leg pedicled free scapular @entity3 to cover an extensive soft tissue defect with tibial bone exposure of the lower leg. This study involved 24 @entity0 between May 2000 and October 2005. Wounds were caused by accident (6 @entity0 ), burn (2 @entity0 ), @entity4 (3 @entity0 ), and fall (2 @entity0 ). The defects ranged in size from 8 cm x 15 cm to 15 cm x 30 cm. All @entity0 were treated with free scapular flaps to cover the defects and the vessels of the free scapular flaps were anastomosed with the dorsalis pedis vessels of contralateral leg in order to provide temporary blood supply. Both legs were fixed in a cross-leg position by plaster cast. The pedicle was divided after 4 to 5 weeks and the donor site of dorsum pedis was re-sutured. Blood supply was re-established in all 13 @entity0 . All free scapular flaps survived and the defects were covered completely. The defective lower extremities regained function with no deformities in donor sites of the contralateral lower leg. The authors believe that use of the cross-leg pedicled free scapular @entity3 in @entity0 with a difficult @entity2 wound with extensive tissue defect and tibial bone exposure is a worthwhile procedure and should be attempted if possible. The scapular @entity3 has several advantages applicable to the cross-leg pedicled free @entity3 technique. Although the operation is divided into 2 stages, it solves the problem and can offer temporary blood supply when there is no vessel for @entity1 in the recipient site, which decreases the risk of microanastomosis and produces good results.

title: Cross-leg Pedicled Free Scapular XXXX for the Repair of Extensive Soft Tissue Defect with Tibial Bone Exposure.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 55-year-old previously healthy @entity0 was referred to our cardiology outpatient department (by the respiratory team) due to @entity7 that started 2-3   months prior. He suddenly became breathless after changing a car wheel with no other associated symptoms. Specifically, he denied ever having had @entity6 . His breathlessness got gradually worse preventing him from performing simple everyday activities, such as climbing stairs, and a couple of weeks before presentation, the @entity0 noticed ankle @entity1 . He was an ex-smoker and drank 3-4   units of @entity3 daily. There was a family history of @entity2 . He worked as a contract manager in the construction industry. After clinical examination, a transthoracic echocardiogram was performed and the @entity0 was admitted for further investigations. Clinical examination and investigation confirmed missed @entity5 with a complication of @entity4 . The @entity0 was referred to cardiothoracic surgeons for surgical correction of the defect.

title: Silent broken heart (Can XXXX be the only presentation of @entity5 ?).

answer: @entity7


abstract: A 55-year-old previously healthy @entity0 was referred to our cardiology outpatient department (by the respiratory team) due to @entity7 that started 2-3   months prior. He suddenly became breathless after changing a car wheel with no other associated symptoms. Specifically, he denied ever having had @entity6 . His breathlessness got gradually worse preventing him from performing simple everyday activities, such as climbing stairs, and a couple of weeks before presentation, the @entity0 noticed ankle @entity1 . He was an ex-smoker and drank 3-4   units of @entity3 daily. There was a family history of @entity2 . He worked as a contract manager in the construction industry. After clinical examination, a transthoracic echocardiogram was performed and the @entity0 was admitted for further investigations. Clinical examination and investigation confirmed missed @entity5 with a complication of @entity4 . The @entity0 was referred to cardiothoracic surgeons for surgical correction of the defect.

title: Silent broken heart (Can @entity7 be the only presentation of XXXX ?).

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional nutritional supplements are not or only partly successful in inducing protein accretion in @entity1 , suggesting an attenuated anabolic response. To prevent @entity5 and its deleterious consequences, generating an anabolic response is crucial. Dietary essential @entity6 (EAA) have anabolic properties in other @entity8 ; however, data in @entity1 are lacking. @entity0 AND METHODS: In 13 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (stage III and IV) and 11 healthy age-matched subjects, we measured protein synthesis and breakdown of the whole body, and net protein anabolism (difference between protein synthesis and breakdown) after intake of 14 g of free EAA with high @entity3 levels (EAA/ @entity3 ) versus a balanced @entity7 mixture containing both EAA and non-EAA as present in whey protein, according to a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. RESULTS: Protein synthesis and net protein anabolism were higher after intake of the EAA/ @entity3 than the balanced @entity7 mixture (P < 0.001), independent of presence of @entity1 . A highly significant linear relationship between net protein anabolism and the amount of EAA available in the systemic circulation (R(2): 0.85, P < 0.001) was found in both groups. The presence of muscle or recent weight loss, systemic inflammatory response, or length of survival did not influence this relationship. High @entity3 levels in the EAA/ @entity3 mixture was of no anabolic benefit. CONCLUSIONS: There is no anabolic resistance or attenuated anabolic potential to intake of 14 g of EAA/ @entity3 or balanced @entity7 mixture in advanced (mainly stage III) @entity4 . The high anabolic potential of dietary EAA in @entity1 @entity0 is independent of their nutritional status, systemic inflammatory response or disease trajectory, suggesting a key role of EAA in new nutritional approaches to prevent @entity2 , thereby improving outcome of @entity0 with @entity1 . CLINICALTRAILSGOV: NCT01172314.

title: High anabolic potential of essential XXXX mixtures in advanced @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional nutritional supplements are not or only partly successful in inducing protein accretion in @entity1 , suggesting an attenuated anabolic response. To prevent @entity5 and its deleterious consequences, generating an anabolic response is crucial. Dietary essential @entity6 (EAA) have anabolic properties in other @entity8 ; however, data in @entity1 are lacking. @entity0 AND METHODS: In 13 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (stage III and IV) and 11 healthy age-matched subjects, we measured protein synthesis and breakdown of the whole body, and net protein anabolism (difference between protein synthesis and breakdown) after intake of 14 g of free EAA with high @entity3 levels (EAA/ @entity3 ) versus a balanced @entity7 mixture containing both EAA and non-EAA as present in whey protein, according to a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. RESULTS: Protein synthesis and net protein anabolism were higher after intake of the EAA/ @entity3 than the balanced @entity7 mixture (P < 0.001), independent of presence of @entity1 . A highly significant linear relationship between net protein anabolism and the amount of EAA available in the systemic circulation (R(2): 0.85, P < 0.001) was found in both groups. The presence of muscle or recent weight loss, systemic inflammatory response, or length of survival did not influence this relationship. High @entity3 levels in the EAA/ @entity3 mixture was of no anabolic benefit. CONCLUSIONS: There is no anabolic resistance or attenuated anabolic potential to intake of 14 g of EAA/ @entity3 or balanced @entity7 mixture in advanced (mainly stage III) @entity4 . The high anabolic potential of dietary EAA in @entity1 @entity0 is independent of their nutritional status, systemic inflammatory response or disease trajectory, suggesting a key role of EAA in new nutritional approaches to prevent @entity2 , thereby improving outcome of @entity0 with @entity1 . CLINICALTRAILSGOV: NCT01172314.

title: High anabolic potential of essential @entity7 mixtures in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The introduction of central venous catheters has advanced medical care, particularly in hemato-oncology. However these can be associated with an increased @entity2 risk. Previous studies have compared the rate of @entity2 events between peripherally- inserted (PICCs) and long term skin tunneled catheters (LTSTCs) noting fewer complications associated with the latter, though this has rarely translated into clinical practice. The objectives of our study was to compare the cumulative incidence of @entity2 events between peripherally-inserted and long term skin tunneled venous catheters. @entity0 /METHODS: We performed a retrospective, single center cohort analysis of @entity0 with @entity3 who had either a PICC or LTSTC line inserted between January 2010 through January 2013. Cumulative incidences of @entity2 events were compared between the two groups, and post- @entity2 complications were also examined. RESULTS: 346 @entity0 had a PICC inserted with cumulative incidence of symptomatic @entity2 of 5.8%, while 237 @entity0 had a LTSTC inserted with a cumulative incidence of 1.7% (p   =   0.003). Post- @entity2 complication rates, particularly @entity1 , were higher in the PICC group compared to the LTSTC group (p   =   0.597). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the incidence of @entity2 events in hemato-oncology @entity0 was significantly lower in those who had a LTSTC compared to PICC line. As the use of central venous lines increases in hemato-oncology @entity0 care, a randomized trial comparing PICCs and LTSTCs is necessary to address which venous access is most appropriate in this cohort of @entity0 , with minimal risk of morbidity and mortality.

title: Retrospective cohort analysis comparing the incidence of deep vein thromboses between peripherally-inserted and long-term skin tunneled venous catheters in hemato-oncology XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In @entity0 with small central recurrences following radiation therapy for @entity1 the surgeon may have to make a judgment as to when radical hysterectomy is preferable to exenteration. During the years 1968-1984 there were 21 radical hysterectomies performed at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center for recurrent @entity1 . The original clinical stage distribution is as follows: IB-4, IIA-4, IIB-11, IIIB-1, IVA-1. The median interval from initial diagnosis to recurrence was 10 months. There were two operative deaths; both were from sepsis. Ten of the 21 @entity0 developed @entity2 , with 9 requiring surgical diversion of the urinary or both urinary and intestinal tracts. Thirteen of 21 @entity0 (62%) have survived with a median follow-up of 73 months. Seven @entity0 @entity3 following radical hysterectomy. All developed recurrence in the central pelvis. Four had sidewall disease as well, but none had distant disease at the time recurrence was diagnosed. Of 11 @entity0 with cervical @entity1 of 2 cm or less in size at the time of radical hysterectomy, none experienced recurrence, while among 10 @entity0 with @entity1 size of greater than 2 cm, 7 had recurrence. All @entity0 whose initial clinical stage was IB or IIA have survived without recurrence. There was only 1 survivor among 5 @entity0 with positive parametrial or vaginal margins. Six of the 13 survivors required urinary diversion, and 2 required colostomy as well. Radical hysterectomy for this indication is a morbid procedure which should be undertaken only by the most experienced of pelvic surgeons and limited to @entity0 of early clinical stage with central recurrences of less than 2 cm in size.

title: Radical hysterectomy for recurrent XXXX following radiation therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The absolute oral bioavailability of @entity3 ( @entity5 ) was established in @entity1 and healthy volunteers by comparing AUC's after oral and intravenous administration. Five female inbred beagles each received 100 mg @entity5 orally and intravenously as a bolus injection in a randomized cross-over study. @entity5 serum concentrations were determined using HPLC. After both routes of administration, linear pharmacokinetics were observed, the elimination half-life (t1/2) amounting between 5.8 and 10.2 h. After oral administration, AUC values between 56.1 and 99.2 mg X h X l-1 were found, while after intravenous administration AUC's were between 63.5 and 98.1 mg X h X l-1. The absolute oral bioavailability, corrected for differences in t1/2, averaged 107 +/- 9% (SD). A similar study was carried out in 2 female and 3 male healthy volunteers. The intravenous dose was reduced to 50 mg and given as an infusion. Pharmacokinetics were linear after both routes of administration. The t1/2 values amounted between 15.6 and 30.4 h. AUC's ranged from 24.0 to 75.4 mg X h X l-1 after oral administration and from 13.3 to 37.5 mg X h X l-1 after intravenous infusion of half of the oral dose. The absolute, t1/2-corrected oral bioavailability was calculated to be 86 to 104%. Complete bioavailability of @entity5 was demonstrated in @entity1 and healthy volunteers. The method used in this study might help to detect possible @entity5 in @entity2 and @entity4 @entity0 .

title: The absolute oral bioavailability of XXXX in @entity1 and @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The absolute oral bioavailability of @entity3 ( @entity5 ) was established in @entity1 and healthy volunteers by comparing AUC's after oral and intravenous administration. Five female inbred beagles each received 100 mg @entity5 orally and intravenously as a bolus injection in a randomized cross-over study. @entity5 serum concentrations were determined using HPLC. After both routes of administration, linear pharmacokinetics were observed, the elimination half-life (t1/2) amounting between 5.8 and 10.2 h. After oral administration, AUC values between 56.1 and 99.2 mg X h X l-1 were found, while after intravenous administration AUC's were between 63.5 and 98.1 mg X h X l-1. The absolute oral bioavailability, corrected for differences in t1/2, averaged 107 +/- 9% (SD). A similar study was carried out in 2 female and 3 male healthy volunteers. The intravenous dose was reduced to 50 mg and given as an infusion. Pharmacokinetics were linear after both routes of administration. The t1/2 values amounted between 15.6 and 30.4 h. AUC's ranged from 24.0 to 75.4 mg X h X l-1 after oral administration and from 13.3 to 37.5 mg X h X l-1 after intravenous infusion of half of the oral dose. The absolute, t1/2-corrected oral bioavailability was calculated to be 86 to 104%. Complete bioavailability of @entity5 was demonstrated in @entity1 and healthy volunteers. The method used in this study might help to detect possible @entity5 in @entity2 and @entity4 @entity0 .

title: The absolute oral bioavailability of @entity3 in XXXX and @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The absolute oral bioavailability of @entity3 ( @entity5 ) was established in @entity1 and healthy volunteers by comparing AUC's after oral and intravenous administration. Five female inbred beagles each received 100 mg @entity5 orally and intravenously as a bolus injection in a randomized cross-over study. @entity5 serum concentrations were determined using HPLC. After both routes of administration, linear pharmacokinetics were observed, the elimination half-life (t1/2) amounting between 5.8 and 10.2 h. After oral administration, AUC values between 56.1 and 99.2 mg X h X l-1 were found, while after intravenous administration AUC's were between 63.5 and 98.1 mg X h X l-1. The absolute oral bioavailability, corrected for differences in t1/2, averaged 107 +/- 9% (SD). A similar study was carried out in 2 female and 3 male healthy volunteers. The intravenous dose was reduced to 50 mg and given as an infusion. Pharmacokinetics were linear after both routes of administration. The t1/2 values amounted between 15.6 and 30.4 h. AUC's ranged from 24.0 to 75.4 mg X h X l-1 after oral administration and from 13.3 to 37.5 mg X h X l-1 after intravenous infusion of half of the oral dose. The absolute, t1/2-corrected oral bioavailability was calculated to be 86 to 104%. Complete bioavailability of @entity5 was demonstrated in @entity1 and healthy volunteers. The method used in this study might help to detect possible @entity5 in @entity2 and @entity4 @entity0 .

title: The absolute oral bioavailability of @entity3 in @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Circadian rhythms are 24 hour oscillations in many behavioural, physiological, cellular and molecular processes that are controlled by an endogenous clock which is entrained to environmental factors including light, food and stress. Transcriptional analyses of circadian patterns demonstrate that genes showing circadian rhythms are part of a wide variety of biological pathways.Pathway activity method can identify the significant pattern of the gene expression levels within a pathway. In this method, the overall gene expression levels are translated to a reduced form, pathway activity levels, via singular value decomposition (SVD). A given pathway represented by pathway activity levels can then be as analyzed using the same approaches used for analyzing gene expression levels. We propose to use pathway activity method across time to identify underlying circadian pattern of pathways. RESULTS: We used synthetic data to demonstrate that pathway activity analysis can evaluate the underlying circadian pattern within a pathway even when circadian patterns cannot be captured by the individual gene expression levels. In addition, we illustrated that pathway activity formulation should be coupled with a significance analysis to distinguish biologically significant information from random deviations. Next, we performed pathway activity level analysis on a rich time series of transcriptional profiling in @entity0 liver. The over-represented five specific patterns of pathway activity levels, which cannot be explained by random event, exhibited circadian rhythms. The identification of the circadian signatures at the pathway level identified 78 pathways related to energy metabolism, @entity3 metabolism, lipid metabolism and DNA replication and protein synthesis, which are biologically relevant in @entity0 liver. Further, we observed tight coordination between @entity1 biosynthesis and @entity5 biosynthesis as well as between @entity4 biosynthesis, one @entity2 pool by @entity4 and @entity7 - @entity6 metabolism. These coupled pathways are parts of a sequential reaction series where the product of one pathway is the substrate of another pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Rather than assessing the importance of a single gene beforehand and map these genes onto pathways, we instead examined the orchestrated change within a pathway. Pathway activity level analysis could reveal the underlying circadian dynamics in the microarray data with an unsupervised approach and biologically relevant results were obtained.

title: Circadian signatures in XXXX liver: from gene expression to pathways.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Data sourcesCochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science Conference Proceedings, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, US National Institutes of Health Trials Register (http://clinicaltrials.gov) and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials. No language or year restrictions were used.Study selectionRandomised controlled trials assessing the effects of @entity5 products on dental @entity4 in @entity0 and adults.Data extraction and synthesisTwo review authors independently screened the results of the electronic searches, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Authors were contacted where possible for missing data or clarification where feasible. For continuous outcomes, means and standard deviations were used to obtain the mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI). Continuous data was used to calculate prevented fractions (PF) and 95% CIs to summarise the percentage reduction in @entity4 . For dichotomous outcomes, reported risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs were used. As there were fewer than four studies included in the meta-analysis, a fixed effect model was used.ResultsTen studies were included with a total of 5903 @entity0 . One study was assessed as being at low risk of bias, two were assessed as unclear risk of bias with seven at high risk of bias. Over 2.5-3 years, low quality evidence demonstrated that with 4216 @entity0 analysed, a @entity3 toothpaste with 10% @entity5 (exact dosage unsure) reduced @entity4 by 13% when compared to a @entity3 only toothpaste. (PF -0.13, 95% CI -0.18 to -0.08. Remaining evidence of the use of @entity5 in @entity0 has risk of bias and uncertainty of effect and was therefore insufficient to determine a benefit from @entity5 . Four studies reported that there were no adverse effects from any of the interventions. Two studies reported similar rates of adverse effects between study arms. The remaining studies either mentioned adverse effects but did not report any usable data, or did not mention them at all. Adverse effects include sores in the mouth, cramps, bloating, @entity2 , flatulence and loose stool or @entity1 .ConclusionsLow quality evidence suggested that @entity3 toothpaste containing @entity5 may be more effective than @entity3 -only toothpaste for preventing @entity4 in the permanent teeth of @entity0 . The effect estimate should be interpreted with caution due to high risk of bias and the fact that it was derived from two studies that were carried out by the same authors in the same population. The remaining evidence was low to very low quality and is insufficient to determine whether any other @entity5 -containing products can prevent @entity4 in @entity0 , older @entity0 or adults.

title: @entity5 and XXXX prevention.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Data sourcesCochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science Conference Proceedings, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, US National Institutes of Health Trials Register (http://clinicaltrials.gov) and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials. No language or year restrictions were used.Study selectionRandomised controlled trials assessing the effects of @entity5 products on dental @entity4 in @entity0 and adults.Data extraction and synthesisTwo review authors independently screened the results of the electronic searches, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Authors were contacted where possible for missing data or clarification where feasible. For continuous outcomes, means and standard deviations were used to obtain the mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI). Continuous data was used to calculate prevented fractions (PF) and 95% CIs to summarise the percentage reduction in @entity4 . For dichotomous outcomes, reported risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs were used. As there were fewer than four studies included in the meta-analysis, a fixed effect model was used.ResultsTen studies were included with a total of 5903 @entity0 . One study was assessed as being at low risk of bias, two were assessed as unclear risk of bias with seven at high risk of bias. Over 2.5-3 years, low quality evidence demonstrated that with 4216 @entity0 analysed, a @entity3 toothpaste with 10% @entity5 (exact dosage unsure) reduced @entity4 by 13% when compared to a @entity3 only toothpaste. (PF -0.13, 95% CI -0.18 to -0.08. Remaining evidence of the use of @entity5 in @entity0 has risk of bias and uncertainty of effect and was therefore insufficient to determine a benefit from @entity5 . Four studies reported that there were no adverse effects from any of the interventions. Two studies reported similar rates of adverse effects between study arms. The remaining studies either mentioned adverse effects but did not report any usable data, or did not mention them at all. Adverse effects include sores in the mouth, cramps, bloating, @entity2 , flatulence and loose stool or @entity1 .ConclusionsLow quality evidence suggested that @entity3 toothpaste containing @entity5 may be more effective than @entity3 -only toothpaste for preventing @entity4 in the permanent teeth of @entity0 . The effect estimate should be interpreted with caution due to high risk of bias and the fact that it was derived from two studies that were carried out by the same authors in the same population. The remaining evidence was low to very low quality and is insufficient to determine whether any other @entity5 -containing products can prevent @entity4 in @entity0 , older @entity0 or adults.

title: XXXX and @entity4 prevention.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT In the US, race and economic status have pervasive associations with mechanisms of injury, severity of injury, management, and outcomes of @entity1 . The goal of the current study was to examine these relationships on a large scale in the setting of pediatric @entity4 . METHODS Admissions for @entity2 without or with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), spinal dislocation, and @entity3 without radiographic abnormality were identified in the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) and the National @entity1 Data Bank (NTDB) registry for 2009. @entity0 ranged in age from birth up to 21 years. Data from the KID were used to estimate nationwide annual incidences. Data from the NTDB were used to describe patterns of injury in relation to age, race, and payor, with corroboration from the KID. Multiple logistic regression was used to model rates of mortality and spinal fusion. RESULTS In 2009, the estimated incidence of hospital admission for @entity4 in the US was 170 per 1 million in the population under 21 years of age. The incidence of @entity3 was 24 per 1 million. Incidences varied regionally. Adolescents predominated. Patterns of injury varied by age, race, and payor. Black @entity0 were more severely injured than @entity0 of other races as measured by Injury Severity Scale scores. Among black @entity0 with @entity4 in the NTDB, 23.9% suffered @entity1 ; only 1% of white @entity0 suffered @entity1 . The overall mortality rate in the NTDB was 3.9%. In a multivariate analysis that included a large panel of clinical and nonclinical factors, black race retained significance as a predictor of mortality (p = 0.006; adjusted OR 1.571 [1.141-2.163]). Rates of spinal fusion were associated with race and payor in the NTDB data and with payor in the KID: @entity0 with better insurance underwent spinal fusion at higher rates. CONCLUSIONS The epidemiology of pediatric @entity4 in the US cannot be understood apart from considerations of race and economic status.

title: Pediatric XXXX in the US: epidemiology and disparities.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dengue viruses (DENV) are the causative agents of dengue, the world's most prevalent @entity2 with around 40% of the world's population at risk of @entity1 annually. Wolbachia pipientis, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is being developed as a biocontrol strategy against dengue because it limits replication of the virus in the mosquito. The @entity4 wMel, which has been introduced into the mosquito vector, @entity3 , has been shown to invade and spread to near fixation in field releases. Standard measures of Wolbachia's efficacy for blocking virus replication focus on the detection and quantification of virus in mosquito tissues. Examining the saliva provides a more accurate measure of transmission potential and can reveal the extrinsic incubation period (EIP), that is, the time it takes virus to arrive in the saliva following the consumption of DENV viremic blood. EIP is a key determinant of a mosquito's ability to transmit DENVs, as the earlier the virus appears in the saliva the more opportunities the mosquito will have to infect @entity0 on subsequent bites. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used a non-destructive assay to repeatedly quantify DENV in saliva from wMel-infected and Wolbachia-free wild-type control mosquitoes following the consumption of a DENV-infected blood meal. We show that wMel lengthens the EIP, reduces the frequency at which the virus is expectorated and decreases the dengue copy number in mosquito saliva as compared to wild-type mosquitoes. These observations can at least be partially explained by an overall reduction in saliva produced by wMel mosquitoes. More generally, we found that the concentration of DENV in a blood meal is a determinant of the length of EIP, saliva virus titer and mosquito survival. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The saliva-based traits reported here offer more disease-relevant measures of Wolbachia's effects on the vector and the virus. The lengthening of EIP highlights another means, in addition to the reduction of @entity1 frequencies and DENV titers in mosquitoes, by which Wolbachia should operate to reduce DENV transmission in the field.

title: Wolbachia Reduces the Transmission Potential of Dengue-Infected XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: the thermal diffusion flowmetry (TDF) is a technique that allows the measurement of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) through an implanted microprobe in a cerebral region of interest. The monitoring is continuous, real-time and quantitative (ml/100g/min). The purpose of our clinical work has been to show the technical details and preliminary results by using this monitoring technique during the microsurgical management of @entity2 and along the postoperative period. The aim of the monitoring of the rCBF is to identify and evaluate @entity1 events related with the temporary artery clipping or malposition of the final clip. CLINICAL MATERIALS: a total of five @entity0 have been monitored (4 @entity0 and one @entity0 with an average age of 50.8 years). Two @entity0 harboured one @entity3 in the middle cerebral artery, other two @entity0 had two @entity3 each one on the internal carotid artery in the exit of the posterior communicating and anterior choroidal artery and the fifth harboured a @entity4 . All @entity0 were operated on using standard microsurgical techniques through a pterional approach. Surgery was done under neurophysiological monitoring and direct microdoppler fluometry assesment. Just before craniotomy the TDF microprobe was inserted 2.5 cm deep into the white matter through a small burr-hole placed on the coronal line and 2 cm away the midline to measure in the anterior cereral artery vascular sector and 6cm away of the midline to measure in the middle cerebral artery territory. @entity0 were under continuous monitoring during surgery and along the postoperative period in the recovery unit. A total of 14 temporary artery clippings (between 2-4) with an average total clipping time of 7.2 minutes (ranging 1.6 to 16) and 16 definitive clip replacements (ranging 2 to 8) were done at surgery. @entity0 with paraclinoid @entity3 was operated on using the retrograde aspiration technique and the internal carotid artery was kept closed 45 mimutes. keeping Some illustrative cases and demonstrative records are presented. CONCLUSIONS: the use of @entity5 allows a quantitative real-time measurement of the rCBF in the areas of interest monitored during the microsurgical management of the @entity2 which leads to detect @entity1 events helpping to avoid @entity1 sequelae. The detection of @entity1 events in real time would make possible the use of therapeutic measures ealier and more efficienty.

title: [Using thermal diffusion flowmetry in the assesment of regional cerebral blood flow in XXXX microsurgery].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is the most common @entity1 affecting both @entity0 and @entity0 in Australia. The illness and related treatments can cause distressing adverse effects, impact on emotional and psychological well-being, and adversely affect social, occupational, and relationship functioning. Current models of follow-up fail to address the complex needs arising after treatment completion. Strategies to better prepare and support survivors are urgently required. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop and pilot test an innovative supportive care program for @entity0 with potentially curative @entity2 . METHODS: The SurvivorCare intervention was developed by a multidisciplinary team using 3 key principles: (1) promote @entity0 involvement and engagement; (2) address the specific needs of individual @entity0 , and (3) use evidence-based strategies to promote well-being and reduce treatment sequelae. It also addressed 4 essential components of survivorship planning, defined by the US Institute of Medicine. Ten survivors completed questionnaires and satisfaction interviews before and after receiving the intervention. RESULTS: SurvivorCare comprises survivorship educational materials (booklet, @entity3 , and question prompt list), a tailored survivorship care plan, a tailored nurse-led end-of-treatment consultation, and 3 follow-up telephone calls. Pilot data demonstrated that survivors considered the intervention appropriate, relevant, and useful. CONCLUSIONS: SurvivorCare is a well-received, comprehensive intervention that will now be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial aiming to reduce distress and unmet needs and improve quality of life in @entity2 survivors. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: If SurvivorCare is shown to be effective, it will be possible to quickly and broadly disseminate this model of care.

title: Development and pilot testing of a nurse-led posttreatment support package for bowel XXXX survivors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We assess the long-term effect of pulsed high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) in the treatment of the post-mastectomy @entity1 (PMPS). A total of 61 @entity0 participated in this study (30 in the laser group and 31 in the placebo laser group), with a mean age of 53.56        1.11  years. @entity0 who were randomly assigned to the laser group received HILT three times per week for 4  weeks, plus a routine physical therapy program (RPTP). The placebo laser group received placebo HILT plus RPTP. The outcomes measured were @entity1 level by visual analog scale (VAS), shoulder range of motion (ROM), and quality of life (QOL). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA with repeated measures to compare the differences between baseline and post-treatment measurements and after 12  weeks of follow-up for both groups. The level of statistical significance was set at P   <   0.05. Shoulder ROM significantly increased in the laser group after 4  weeks of treatment and after 12  weeks of follow-up compared with the placebo group. VAS results showed a significant decrease post-treatment in the laser group relative to the placebo group, and QOL results showed a significant improvement in the laser group compared with the placebo group and still improved after 12  weeks of follow-up. HILT combined with an RPTP appears to be more effective in @entity0 with PMPS than a placebo laser procedure with RPTP.

title: Long-term effect of pulsed high-intensity laser therapy in the treatment of post-mastectomy XXXX : a double blind, placebo-control, randomized study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Encapsulated in vitro follicle growth (eIVFG) has great potential to provide an additional fertility preservation option for young @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity1 or other reproductive health threatening diseases. Currently, follicles are cultured for a defined period of time and analyzed as a cohort. However, follicle growth is not synchronous, and culturing follicles for insufficient or excessive times can result in compromised gamete quality. Our objective is to determine whether the selection of follicles based on size, rather than absolute culture time, better predict follicle maturity and oocyte quality. Multilayer secondary @entity2 follicles were isolated and encapsulated in 0.25% alginate. Follicles were cultured individually either for defined time periods or up to specific follicle diameter ranges, at which point several reproductive endpoints were analyzed. The metaphase II (MII) percentage after oocyte maturation on day 6 was the highest (85%) when follicles were cultured for specific days. However, if follicles were cultured to a terminal diameter of 300-350  m irrespective of absolute time in culture, 93% of the oocytes reached MII. More than 90% of MII oocytes matured from follicles with diameters of 300-350  m showed normal spindle morphology and chromosome alignment, 85% of oocytes showed 2 pronuclei after @entity3 ( @entity3 ), 81% developed into the 2-cell embryo stage, and 38% developed to the blastocyst stage, all significantly higher than the percentages in the other follicle size groups. Our study demonstrates that size-specific follicle selection can be used as a non-invasive marker to identify high quality oocytes and improve reproductive outcomes during eIVFG.

title: Size-specific follicle selection improves XXXX oocyte reproductive outcomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The etiquette surrounding the use of mobile devices, so-called "mobiquette," has been previously identified as a barrier to use in an educational context. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of mobile device use on @entity0 and staff opinions in the @entity1 and orthopedics department at a teaching hospital in Wales. METHODS: A survey of @entity0 at the bedside and staff in their work environment was undertaken. Data included age, frequency of observed use, suspected main reason for use, and whether doctors' use of a mobile device positively or negatively influenced @entity0 ' opinions of them as a professional and as a @entity0 . RESULTS: A total of 59 @entity0 and 35 staff responded. The modal age range was 40 to 54 years old. Most @entity0 (78%) never see doctors using mobile devices in the workplace, compared with 3% of staff. The main reason for use was thought to be "communicating with colleagues" (48%) followed by "Internet use/applications for work reasons" (40%). Approximately 40% of @entity0 ' opinions of doctors were positively influenced by device use, compared with 82% of staff. This difference between @entity0 and staff opinions was statistically significant for both professional (P<.001) and personal (P=.002) opinions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 are likely to have a negative opinion of doctors using mobile devices in the workplace. This can be balanced by the more positive opinions of colleagues. We advise doctors to remember "mobiquette" around @entity0 .

title: Doctors and the Etiquette of Mobile Device Use in XXXX and Orthopedics.

answer: @entity1