abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) carries significant post-operative complication risks including a 4-14  % risk of ileo-anal anastomotic (IAA) leak [1-4]. The aim of this study is to evaluate the severity of disease at the distal resection margin as an independent risk factor for an IAA leak following the @entity3 for @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: A retrospective matched case-control study was undertaken. The distal margin of each subject's specimen was reviewed by a blinded pathologist and the degree of @entity2 was scored using a modified histological activity index (mHAI)-a 0 to 5 graded scale with HAI of 5 representing ulcerations >25  % the depth of bowel wall. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity0 with perioperative IAA leaks (mean 11  days   0.92) were identified and matched for gender, age and year of surgery. The case cohort had 33 males (67  %) of mean age at time of surgery of 36.3  years (  1.42). The severity of @entity2 did not increase the risk of IAA leak. The presence of a diverting ileostomy was associated with a decreased incidence of an IAA leak (p   =   0.01). CONCLUSION: Studies with greater power will be required to evaluate the association (if any) between histological severity of @entity1 at the distal margin of a @entity3 procedure and IAA leak rate. This risk factor could influence preoperative management and post-operative outcome in @entity0 requiring the @entity3 .

title: Severity of @entity2 as a risk factor for ileo-anal anastomotic leak after a pouch procedure in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) carries significant post-operative complication risks including a 4-14  % risk of ileo-anal anastomotic (IAA) leak [1-4]. The aim of this study is to evaluate the severity of disease at the distal resection margin as an independent risk factor for an IAA leak following the @entity3 for @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: A retrospective matched case-control study was undertaken. The distal margin of each subject's specimen was reviewed by a blinded pathologist and the degree of @entity2 was scored using a modified histological activity index (mHAI)-a 0 to 5 graded scale with HAI of 5 representing ulcerations >25  % the depth of bowel wall. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity0 with perioperative IAA leaks (mean 11  days   0.92) were identified and matched for gender, age and year of surgery. The case cohort had 33 males (67  %) of mean age at time of surgery of 36.3  years (  1.42). The severity of @entity2 did not increase the risk of IAA leak. The presence of a diverting ileostomy was associated with a decreased incidence of an IAA leak (p   =   0.01). CONCLUSION: Studies with greater power will be required to evaluate the association (if any) between histological severity of @entity1 at the distal margin of a @entity3 procedure and IAA leak rate. This risk factor could influence preoperative management and post-operative outcome in @entity0 requiring the @entity3 .

title: Severity of XXXX as a risk factor for ileo-anal anastomotic leak after a pouch procedure in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether it is valuable and safe to perform reoperation for @entity1 . Altogether, more than 500 papers were found using the reported search, of which 15 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, @entity0 group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. This paper includes 1 level 1a study and 15 level 2b studies. The operative mortality was reported in six studies, ranging from 0 to 13.3%, and the operative morbidity in five studies, ranging from 0 to 32.1%. Most @entity0 suffering from operative mortality (5/5) and morbidity (16/19) had @entity2 . One meta-analysis demonstrated improved rates of long-term overall survival in @entity0 with @entity1 who were treated surgically compared with those treated non-surgically. Ten studies showed better survival after surgical treatment than after non-surgical treatment with the difference being statistically significant in 4 of them. Two studies reported that the prognosis in @entity0 with complete reresection was comparable with that of @entity0 without recurrence. One study found that @entity0 with a thymus-related syndrome improved after re-resection. Another two studies revealed that debulking surgery for @entity1 was associated with poorer survival and worse outcomes than both complete resection and non-surgical therapy. From the papers identified in our search, we can conclude that reoperation can be performed with acceptable morbidity and low mortality in appropriately selected @entity0 with locally and/or regionally @entity1 . Both survival and thymus-related syndromes are improved if the recurrence is surgically resected when compared with other medical treatments. Debulking surgery should be limited to those few selected @entity0 in whom other treatment options are not available. In addition, morbidity and mortality most commonly occur in association with @entity2 , and hence medical control of this should be optimized prior to reoperation.

title: Is it valuable and safe to perform reoperation for XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity1 Prevention Board (VHPB) believes that stronger action is needed to control @entity2 . Vaccinating those identified as at 'high risk' has failed to make a significant impact on the epidemiology of the disease. Many @entity0 with @entity2 do not fall into any of the 'classic' high-risk groups and efforts to reach these groups have been unsuccessful. The VHPB supports the recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) that @entity2 vaccine should be incorporated into national universal vaccination programmes by 1997. The recommendation came initially from the Global Advisory Group of the Expanded Programme on Immunization and was endorsed in 1992 by the World Health Assembly, the governing body of WHO which consists of representatives of all WHO member states. The WHO Working Group on the control of @entity1 in Europe, which met in Munich in 1991, concluded that the routine immunization of @entity0 and adolescents should receive the highest priority. Universal @entity0 and adolescent strategies have their own benefits and drawbacks; the VHPB has looked carefully into the rationale for and against these strategies. The prerequisites for implementing these strategies are discussed. A combined @entity0 and adolescent strategy emerges as having many of the advantages of the individual approach and fewer disadvantages. Universal vaccination is clearly the most effective strategy for preventing @entity2 . Its timely and successful implementation, even in countries with medium and low prevalence, is a priority. There is no reason why @entity2 should not follow the success of @entity3 , polio, diphtheria and measles vaccination.

title: VHPB: summary of strategies and recommendations. XXXX Prevention Board.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Uterine Natural Killer (uNK) cells are key regulators of the placental bed during early placental development and account for 40% of decidual cells. uNK cells have been suggested to play a role in pregnancy complications including @entity4 , such as @entity1 . Furthermore uNK cells are involved in angiogenesis, immunomodulation, trophoblast invasion and @entity5 . These temporal processes are essential for normal placentation and may suggest a time dependent role for uNK cells. OBJECTIVE: To determine uNK cell phenotypic changes during early @entity0 placental development. METHODS: uNK cells were isolated from first (7-8 wks, n=6) and second trimester decidual tissue (13-14wks, n=6) by enzymatic digestion and flow sorting, based on uNK cell specific surface marker expression ( @entity2 (high) @entity3 -CD3-). Total RNA was isolated and subjected to genome-wide gene expression profiling. Expression patterns were validated by quantitative rt-PCR. RESULTS: Using purified uNK cells we identified 140 transcripts that are differentially expressed between the first and second trimester of pregnancy. Many of these transcripts cluster into promising novel and established NK cell functional characteristics. CONCLUSION: The uNK cell phenotype changes over the course of early pregnancy. We propose that these phenotypic changes of NK cells may be dictated by the "uterine niche" to promote the orderly and precisely timed process of placentation.

title: PP035. Genome-wide expression profile of first and second trimester XXXX uterine natural killer cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between admission serum @entity2 ( @entity3 ) levels and risk of in-hospital @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of developing @entity1 in all hospitalized @entity0 with various admission @entity3 levels. METHODS: This is a single-center retrospective study conducted at a tertiary referral hospital. All hospitalized adult @entity0 who had admission @entity3 available from January to December 2013 were analyzed in this study. Admission @entity3 was categorized based on its distribution into six groups (less than 1.5, 1.5-1.7, 1.7-1.9, 1.9-2.1, 2.1-2.3 and greater than 2.3   @entity3 /dL). The primary outcome was in-hospital @entity1 occurring after hospital admission. Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the odds ratio of @entity1 of various admission @entity3 levels using @entity3 with lowest @entity1 incidence (1.9-2.1   @entity3 /dL) as the reference group. RESULTS: Of 9241 @entity0 enrolled, @entity1 occurred in 1124 @entity0 (12.2%). The lowest incidence of @entity1 was when serum @entity3 was within 1.7-1.9 and 1.9-2.1   @entity3 /dL. A U-shaped curve emerged demonstrating higher incidences of @entity1 associated with both hypoMg (<1.7) and hyperMg (>2.1). After adjusting for potential confounders, both hypoMg (<1.5   @entity3 /dL) and hyperMg (>2.3   @entity3 /dL) were associated with an increased risk of developing @entity1 with odds ratios of 1.70 (95% CI 1.31-2.18) and 1.42 (95% CI 1.11-1.81), respectively. CONCLUSION: Both admission hypoMg and hyperMg were associated with an increased risk for in-hospital @entity1 .

title: Admission hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia increase the risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 is a major public health problem in the city of Recife in north-eastern Brazil. In some of its urban areas microfilaraemia prevalence reaches 14%. This study describes epidemiological characteristics, @entity2 , in 2 urban areas, Coque and Mustardinha, before control measures were applied. The parasitological survey was performed by a 'door-to-door' census covering 5563 subjects, aged between 5 and 65 years. Microfilaraemia was detected by the thick drop technique, using 45 microL of peripheral blood collected between 20:00 and 24:00. In both areas the prevalence of microfilaraemia was 10%, and males had higher prevalences of @entity2 than females. The prevalence of microfilaraemia was higher in the 15-24 and 25-34 years age groups in both sexes. Most microfilaria (mf) carriers (72.1% in Coque and 79.7% in Mustadrinha) had mf densities < 100/60 microL of blood. Females of reproductive age had significantly lower mf densities than males. The overall disease prevalence in both areas was 6.3%. Amongst the subjects who presented with @entity1 15.7% were microfilaraemic. @entity1 prevalence increased from 1.4% in the 5-14 years age group to 11.3% in the oldest age group. The most frequent clinical manifestation was hydrocele (5.4%), followed by lymphoedema (1.8%). The epidemiological pattern of filariasis in the populations studied was marked by high prevalence of microfilaraemia, low mf density, and relatively low prevalence of @entity0 considering the level of endemicity.

title: XXXX in two urban areas of Recife, Brazil: pre-control observations on @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 is a major public health problem in the city of Recife in north-eastern Brazil. In some of its urban areas microfilaraemia prevalence reaches 14%. This study describes epidemiological characteristics, @entity2 , in 2 urban areas, Coque and Mustardinha, before control measures were applied. The parasitological survey was performed by a 'door-to-door' census covering 5563 subjects, aged between 5 and 65 years. Microfilaraemia was detected by the thick drop technique, using 45 microL of peripheral blood collected between 20:00 and 24:00. In both areas the prevalence of microfilaraemia was 10%, and males had higher prevalences of @entity2 than females. The prevalence of microfilaraemia was higher in the 15-24 and 25-34 years age groups in both sexes. Most microfilaria (mf) carriers (72.1% in Coque and 79.7% in Mustadrinha) had mf densities < 100/60 microL of blood. Females of reproductive age had significantly lower mf densities than males. The overall disease prevalence in both areas was 6.3%. Amongst the subjects who presented with @entity1 15.7% were microfilaraemic. @entity1 prevalence increased from 1.4% in the 5-14 years age group to 11.3% in the oldest age group. The most frequent clinical manifestation was hydrocele (5.4%), followed by lymphoedema (1.8%). The epidemiological pattern of filariasis in the populations studied was marked by high prevalence of microfilaraemia, low mf density, and relatively low prevalence of @entity0 considering the level of endemicity.

title: @entity3 in two urban areas of Recife, Brazil: pre-control observations on XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prestorage white cell (WBC) reduction in blood components may decrease the incidence of adverse reactions and improve component quality. A bottom-and-top system with an integral third-generation WBC-reduction filter has been studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Whole blood was collected from 30 healthy donors: from 20 by using a blood container system with an integral filter and from 10 controls by using a standard blood container system. Ten test units were buffy coat-depleted, stored for 72 hours at 4 degrees C, and then filtered, while an additional 10 test units were buffy coat-depleted and filtered at room temperature within 8 hours of collection. All units were stored at 4 degrees C for 42 days and sampled weekly. RESULTS: The mean WBC content of the 72-hour, 4 degrees C units was 0.33 x 10(6), that of the room-temperature units was 2.6 x 10(6), and that of the buffy coat-depleted controls was 460 x 10(6) (p < 0.0005). No significant differences were found among @entity2 , @entity0 , @entity4 , @entity3 , and plasma hemoglobin levels in the three groups. @entity1 and 2,3 DPG levels were significantly better preserved in control units than in 72-hour, 4 degrees C units (p = 0.016 and p = 0.032, respectively), but not better than in the room-temperature units. Significant differences were observed between pH values in filtered units and both groups of test units (p = 0.016). In biologic terms however, these differences were small. Red cells from an additional eight healthy volunteer donors were processed by an 8-hour room-temperature method and stored for 35 days. Studies in vivo 24-hour recovery of autologous red cells were performed by transfusing a radiolabeled (51Cr plus 131I-albumin) aliquot after 35 days' storage. Good recovery (mean > 80%) was found by both the single- and double-isotope-label methods. Recovery was significantly greater when calculated by the single-isotope method (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The combination of buffy coat removal and filtration in the blood container system with an integral filter achieved effective WBC reduction (> or = 3 log10 reduction from whole blood) without biologically significant detriment to in vitro or in vivo storage values.

title: Prestorage white cell reduction in saline-adenine- XXXX -mannitol red cells by use of an integral filter: evaluation of storage values and invivo recovery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Multicenter Study of @entity8 ( @entity9 ) is a retrospective-prospective cohort study involving four Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Units in Italy. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between clinical and pathologic information at index colonoscopy and subsequent incidence of @entity5 and @entity2 . We report the rationale, objectives and methods of the study, including @entity0 characteristics at initial presentation. METHODS: All @entity0 were consecutively identified from the endoscopy registries of the four Centres from January 1, 1985 to December 31, 1992. Inclusion criteria were: age 18-69 years, endoscopy performed with adequate toilette at least up to the rectosigmoid junction, and removal of all detectable @entity6 . Exclusion criteria were: @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity4 in @entity5 with infiltrated margins, previous @entity1 at any site, colon resection and geographic inaccessibility. RESULTS: Out of 20,071 @entity0 who underwent endoscopy at the four Centres, 11,959 fulfilled the eligibility criteria (5,892 males and 6,067 females, mean age = 51.1 +/- 11.6 years). The main reasons for exclusion were age (n = 4,020) and previous or present @entity2 (n = 2,389). Symptoms were the most common reason for referral (72.3%), while post-polypectomy follow-up and positive fecal occult blood accounted for most of the remaining cases. A pancolonoscopy was performed in 3,088 @entity0 (25.8%), while a left-sided endoscopy was performed in 7,887 (66%). A total number of 4,810 @entity6 were removed from 2,699 @entity0 (2,994 @entity5 , 1,580 @entity6 and 236 @entity6 lost after resection). A significant association (p < 0.001) between age and the endoscopic findings was observed. The subjects without @entity6 (n = 9,198) had the lowest age (mean = 49.9; 95%CL = 49.6-50.1) followed by the @entity0 with @entity6 (n = 661; mean age = 52.3; 95%CL = 51.5-53.1), and the @entity0 with @entity5 (n = 1,732; mean age = 56.2; 95%CL = 55.8-56.6), and the @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity5 (n = 306; mean age = 57.2; 95%CL = 56.3-58.2). @entity6 were diagnosed more frequently in males than in females (28.6% versus 17.0%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study provides some insights in the natural history of @entity2 and stresses the need to develop adequate strategies in the follow-up of subjects after either positive or negative colonoscopy.

title: A multicenter study of @entity8 . Rationale, objectives, methods and characteristics of the study cohort. The Multicentric Study of XXXX ( @entity9 ) Workgroup.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Multicenter Study of @entity8 ( @entity9 ) is a retrospective-prospective cohort study involving four Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Units in Italy. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between clinical and pathologic information at index colonoscopy and subsequent incidence of @entity5 and @entity2 . We report the rationale, objectives and methods of the study, including @entity0 characteristics at initial presentation. METHODS: All @entity0 were consecutively identified from the endoscopy registries of the four Centres from January 1, 1985 to December 31, 1992. Inclusion criteria were: age 18-69 years, endoscopy performed with adequate toilette at least up to the rectosigmoid junction, and removal of all detectable @entity6 . Exclusion criteria were: @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity4 in @entity5 with infiltrated margins, previous @entity1 at any site, colon resection and geographic inaccessibility. RESULTS: Out of 20,071 @entity0 who underwent endoscopy at the four Centres, 11,959 fulfilled the eligibility criteria (5,892 males and 6,067 females, mean age = 51.1 +/- 11.6 years). The main reasons for exclusion were age (n = 4,020) and previous or present @entity2 (n = 2,389). Symptoms were the most common reason for referral (72.3%), while post-polypectomy follow-up and positive fecal occult blood accounted for most of the remaining cases. A pancolonoscopy was performed in 3,088 @entity0 (25.8%), while a left-sided endoscopy was performed in 7,887 (66%). A total number of 4,810 @entity6 were removed from 2,699 @entity0 (2,994 @entity5 , 1,580 @entity6 and 236 @entity6 lost after resection). A significant association (p < 0.001) between age and the endoscopic findings was observed. The subjects without @entity6 (n = 9,198) had the lowest age (mean = 49.9; 95%CL = 49.6-50.1) followed by the @entity0 with @entity6 (n = 661; mean age = 52.3; 95%CL = 51.5-53.1), and the @entity0 with @entity5 (n = 1,732; mean age = 56.2; 95%CL = 55.8-56.6), and the @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity5 (n = 306; mean age = 57.2; 95%CL = 56.3-58.2). @entity6 were diagnosed more frequently in males than in females (28.6% versus 17.0%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study provides some insights in the natural history of @entity2 and stresses the need to develop adequate strategies in the follow-up of subjects after either positive or negative colonoscopy.

title: A multicenter study of XXXX . Rationale, objectives, methods and characteristics of the study cohort. The Multicentric Study of @entity8 ( @entity9 ) Workgroup.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Multicenter Study of @entity8 ( @entity9 ) is a retrospective-prospective cohort study involving four Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Units in Italy. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between clinical and pathologic information at index colonoscopy and subsequent incidence of @entity5 and @entity2 . We report the rationale, objectives and methods of the study, including @entity0 characteristics at initial presentation. METHODS: All @entity0 were consecutively identified from the endoscopy registries of the four Centres from January 1, 1985 to December 31, 1992. Inclusion criteria were: age 18-69 years, endoscopy performed with adequate toilette at least up to the rectosigmoid junction, and removal of all detectable @entity6 . Exclusion criteria were: @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity4 in @entity5 with infiltrated margins, previous @entity1 at any site, colon resection and geographic inaccessibility. RESULTS: Out of 20,071 @entity0 who underwent endoscopy at the four Centres, 11,959 fulfilled the eligibility criteria (5,892 males and 6,067 females, mean age = 51.1 +/- 11.6 years). The main reasons for exclusion were age (n = 4,020) and previous or present @entity2 (n = 2,389). Symptoms were the most common reason for referral (72.3%), while post-polypectomy follow-up and positive fecal occult blood accounted for most of the remaining cases. A pancolonoscopy was performed in 3,088 @entity0 (25.8%), while a left-sided endoscopy was performed in 7,887 (66%). A total number of 4,810 @entity6 were removed from 2,699 @entity0 (2,994 @entity5 , 1,580 @entity6 and 236 @entity6 lost after resection). A significant association (p < 0.001) between age and the endoscopic findings was observed. The subjects without @entity6 (n = 9,198) had the lowest age (mean = 49.9; 95%CL = 49.6-50.1) followed by the @entity0 with @entity6 (n = 661; mean age = 52.3; 95%CL = 51.5-53.1), and the @entity0 with @entity5 (n = 1,732; mean age = 56.2; 95%CL = 55.8-56.6), and the @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity5 (n = 306; mean age = 57.2; 95%CL = 56.3-58.2). @entity6 were diagnosed more frequently in males than in females (28.6% versus 17.0%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study provides some insights in the natural history of @entity2 and stresses the need to develop adequate strategies in the follow-up of subjects after either positive or negative colonoscopy.

title: A multicenter study of @entity8 . Rationale, objectives, methods and characteristics of the study cohort. The Multicentric Study of @entity8 ( XXXX ) Workgroup.

answer: @entity9


abstract: A reliable evaluation of results of multimodal treatment requires the knowledge of the course of disease in @entity0 treated by surgery alone and of the relevant prognostic factors. The data of a prospective multicentre observation study (Study Group @entity4 , SGCRC) were analyzed by uni- and multivariate methods for the endpoints locoregional recurrence and observed overall survival. 1121 @entity0 with @entity3 are included. In 1056 (94.2%) @entity0 the @entity1 was resected, 34 @entity0 (3.0%) received postoperative adjuvant therapy, 61 @entity0 (5.4%) preoperative and 25 (2.2%) pre- and postoperative radiation. The observed 5-year survival rate for R0 (no @entity2 ) was 55% (95% confidence interval 52-58%), for R1 and R2 only 7% (3-11%). Following R0 resection the 5-year survival rates varied according to pT (74-24%) and pN (68-33%). The 5-year survival was 74% (68-80%) for stage I, 62% (56-68%) for stage II, 40% (35-45%) for stage III and 9% (0-21%) for stage IV. Stage III is prognostically inhomogeneous: @entity6 : 5-year survival 47% (39-55%), @entity5 , 3: 34% (27-41%) (p < 0.01). The rate of locoregional recurrence is influenced by @entity1 related factors (stage and @entity1 site) and treatment related factors. Local spillage of @entity1 cells, the treating institution and the individual surgeon are independent factors influencing locoregional recurrence. Between locoregional recurrence and observed 5-year survival exists a highly significant correlation. The most important @entity1 related prognostic factors following surgical treatment are @entity2 status (R classification) and anatomic extent as described by pTNM and stage grouping UICC). The treating institution as well as the individual surgeon are further independent "prognostic factors" which determine the frequency of locoregional recurrence and thus survival. In analysis of treatment results the institution and the surgeon should be considered, in studies on adjuvant treatment a stratification according to department and surgeon is needed.

title: Prognostic factors of @entity3 --experience of the German Multicentre Study SGCRC. German Study Group XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A reliable evaluation of results of multimodal treatment requires the knowledge of the course of disease in @entity0 treated by surgery alone and of the relevant prognostic factors. The data of a prospective multicentre observation study (Study Group @entity4 , SGCRC) were analyzed by uni- and multivariate methods for the endpoints locoregional recurrence and observed overall survival. 1121 @entity0 with @entity3 are included. In 1056 (94.2%) @entity0 the @entity1 was resected, 34 @entity0 (3.0%) received postoperative adjuvant therapy, 61 @entity0 (5.4%) preoperative and 25 (2.2%) pre- and postoperative radiation. The observed 5-year survival rate for R0 (no @entity2 ) was 55% (95% confidence interval 52-58%), for R1 and R2 only 7% (3-11%). Following R0 resection the 5-year survival rates varied according to pT (74-24%) and pN (68-33%). The 5-year survival was 74% (68-80%) for stage I, 62% (56-68%) for stage II, 40% (35-45%) for stage III and 9% (0-21%) for stage IV. Stage III is prognostically inhomogeneous: @entity6 : 5-year survival 47% (39-55%), @entity5 , 3: 34% (27-41%) (p < 0.01). The rate of locoregional recurrence is influenced by @entity1 related factors (stage and @entity1 site) and treatment related factors. Local spillage of @entity1 cells, the treating institution and the individual surgeon are independent factors influencing locoregional recurrence. Between locoregional recurrence and observed 5-year survival exists a highly significant correlation. The most important @entity1 related prognostic factors following surgical treatment are @entity2 status (R classification) and anatomic extent as described by pTNM and stage grouping UICC). The treating institution as well as the individual surgeon are further independent "prognostic factors" which determine the frequency of locoregional recurrence and thus survival. In analysis of treatment results the institution and the surgeon should be considered, in studies on adjuvant treatment a stratification according to department and surgeon is needed.

title: Prognostic factors of XXXX --experience of the German Multicentre Study SGCRC. German Study Group @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity9 is a rare, potentially lethal, autosomal recessive, progressive @entity8 with characteristic facial and skeletal features. The temporal bone changes include a marked increase in overall size, extensive @entity4 , narrowing of the external auditory canal, and severe constriction of the internal auditory meatus, fallopian canal, eustachian tube, and @entity6 . Attenuation of the bony canals of the 9th, 10th, and 11th cranial nerves, reduction in size of the internal carotid artery, and severe obliteration of the sigmoid sinus and jugular bulb also occur. Loss of hearing, generally bilateral, is a frequent symptom. It often manifests in early childhood and initially is expressed as sound conduction impairment. Later, a @entity3 and @entity7 function often develop. @entity1 is another feature occasionally present at birth. In the beginning, a unilateral intermittent @entity2 may occur which eventually progresses to a bilateral permanent facial paresis. The histologic examination of the temporal bones from a @entity0 with @entity9 explains the mechanisms involved in the progressive impairment of sound conduction and loss of cochlear, vestibular, and @entity5 . There is a decrease of the arterial blood supply to the brain and an obstruction of the venous drainage from it. The histopathology reveals the obstacles to decompression of the @entity6 , ossicular chain, internal auditory and facial canals, and the risks, and in many instances the contraindications, to such procedures. On the other hand, decompression of the sigmoid sinus and jugular bulb should be considered as an additional life-saving procedure in conjunction with the prophylactic craniotomy recommended in all adult @entity0 .

title: XXXX involving the temporal bone: histopathologic aspects.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Distorted anatomy in laryngotracheal pathologies expresses the need to determine a quantitative mean of the distance between the anterior commissure of true vocal folds and the first @entity2 to better define whether a lesion is in the subglottis or has extended toward the @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. METHODS: In 40 cadavers, the larynx was exposed with an apron cut. The laryngofissure cut opened the larynx via the lateral aspect so that the anterior commissure was exposed. A needle was passed through the thyroid cartilage to reach the anterior commissure. The second needle was crossed over the first @entity2 . The distance between the two needles was measured. RESULTS: The mean distance between the anterior commissure of true vocal folds and the first @entity2 was 26.82      4.28  mm (21.3-42.5  mm) in our subjects. This distance was 27.27      4.45 and 25.05      3.2  mm, in @entity0 and @entity0 , respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation between this distance with body mass index (BMI), age, and sex. CONCLUSIONS: The distance between the anterior commissure and the first @entity2 in @entity0 with laryngotracheal pathologies helps in determining the best therapeutic plan for @entity0 .

title: Evaluation of the Distance Between Anterior Commissure of True Vocal Folds and the First Tracheal Ring and Related Laryngeal Indices in 40 XXXX Cadavers.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 have been identified frequently in @entity0 with refractory mesial @entity5 (rMTLE). However, the identification of potential water diffusion abnormalities in @entity0 with drug-responsive, benign MTLE (bMTLE) is still missing. The aim of this study was to identify markers of refractoriness in MTLE. METHODS: The study group included 48 @entity0 with bMTLE (mean age 42.8  +  13.5  years), 38 with rMTLE (mean age 41.7  +  14.1  years) and 54 healthy volunteers. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed to measure @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in a regions-of-interest analysis comprising hippocampi and temporal lobe gray and white matter regions. The presence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was assessed using automated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation. For statistics we used chi-square test; two-tailed, two-sample t-test; and stratified linear regression. RESULTS: The significant demographic differences between the two @entity0 groups were sex (p  =  0.003), duration of @entity3 (p  =  0.003) and @entity4 (p  =  0.0001). In rMTLE, temporal white matter @entity6 was higher and FA lower, as compared to bMTLE. The analysis of diagnostic accuracy (area under the receiver operator characteristic [ROC] curve [AUC]) showed that FA had an AUC for discriminating @entity0 affected from those unaffected by refractory MTLE of 74.0% (p  <  0.001), a value that was higher than that of temporal @entity6 (64.0%), hippocampus volume (65.0%), and @entity2 (66.0%). SIGNIFICANCE: We performed DTI measurements in MTLE and found a significant reduction of FA along the white matter of the temporal lobes in rMTLE, suggesting it as a valuable measure of refractoriness in MTLE.

title: XXXX differentiate severe from benign @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 have been identified frequently in @entity0 with refractory mesial @entity5 (rMTLE). However, the identification of potential water diffusion abnormalities in @entity0 with drug-responsive, benign MTLE (bMTLE) is still missing. The aim of this study was to identify markers of refractoriness in MTLE. METHODS: The study group included 48 @entity0 with bMTLE (mean age 42.8  +  13.5  years), 38 with rMTLE (mean age 41.7  +  14.1  years) and 54 healthy volunteers. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed to measure @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in a regions-of-interest analysis comprising hippocampi and temporal lobe gray and white matter regions. The presence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was assessed using automated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation. For statistics we used chi-square test; two-tailed, two-sample t-test; and stratified linear regression. RESULTS: The significant demographic differences between the two @entity0 groups were sex (p  =  0.003), duration of @entity3 (p  =  0.003) and @entity4 (p  =  0.0001). In rMTLE, temporal white matter @entity6 was higher and FA lower, as compared to bMTLE. The analysis of diagnostic accuracy (area under the receiver operator characteristic [ROC] curve [AUC]) showed that FA had an AUC for discriminating @entity0 affected from those unaffected by refractory MTLE of 74.0% (p  <  0.001), a value that was higher than that of temporal @entity6 (64.0%), hippocampus volume (65.0%), and @entity2 (66.0%). SIGNIFICANCE: We performed DTI measurements in MTLE and found a significant reduction of FA along the white matter of the temporal lobes in rMTLE, suggesting it as a valuable measure of refractoriness in MTLE.

title: @entity1 differentiate severe from benign XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Following the treatment of the first @entity3 @entity0 with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), it was clear that ERT had the potential to be transformative with dramatic improvements in systemic manifestations of the disease within 2 years. Following over 20 years existence of the International Collaborative Gaucher Group Gaucher Registry and evidence from    6000 @entity0 , the long-term effects of therapy have been documented. It has been shown that ERT can result in improvements in all clinical and laboratory parameters of @entity1 . However, different aspects of the disease, such as hematologic parameters, organ volumes and @entity2 do not necessarily respond to therapy at the same rate or to the same extent, and this has had major implications for disease monitoring and for the establishment of therapeutic goals for ERT. Response may be affected by factors such as the timing of therapy initiation, the presence of irreversible complications such as @entity4 , and by enzyme dose. It is also apparent that ERT has no impact on neurological aspects of disease and highlights the need for additional or alternative treatment strategies able to meet the needs of @entity0 with @entity1 . Am. J. Hematol. 90:S19-S24, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Long-term treatment outcomes in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fibrinolytic therapy has been reported as a limited @entity6 in limb salvage. It is allegedly fraught with complications and pitfalls; however, the usage of low-dose streptokinase has never totally been explored. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of low-dose streptokinase in @entity2 . Nineteen @entity0 (12 @entity0 and 7 @entity0 ) with an average age of 68 years (range 37 to 79 years) and a total of 22 limbs under study were treated with low-dose streptokinase (initial intravenous dose of 10,000 units and a subsequent dose of 5,000 to 10,000 units/hour) for 1 to 3 days. Seven of the @entity0 underwent further operative intervention and four underwent angioplasty. Seven @entity0 had @entity1 controlled by insulin. Results were assessed clinically by angiography and by noninvasive measurement of distal pressure. Within 30 days of low-dose streptokinase therapy, four @entity0 died from a @entity4 that was thought to be part of their total disease process. Limited salvage occurred in 19 of 22 limbs at risk. Ten @entity0 (12 extremities) underwent subsequent balloon angioplasty or bypass surgery. There were three amputations. One @entity0 received a below-knee amputation rather than an expected above-knee amputation, one had a below-knee amputation, and one had an above-knee amputation. In all cases, the patency or lack thereof was confirmed by angiography. The mean ankle to brachial pressure indices increased from 0.07 +/- 0.15 to 0.64 +/- 0.14 after therapy. There were no prolonged hospital stays due to complications in any of the @entity0 . Selective infusions of low-dose streptokinase lyse thrombi, open collaterals, and provide an opportunity for extended surgery and angioplasty, increasing limb salvage without the risks of @entity5 and @entity3 that may occur in full-dose thrombolysis.

title: Selective management of XXXX with low-dose streptokinase.

answer: @entity2


abstract: HLA typing for the A, B, C, and D locus antigens was performed on 65 @entity0 with @entity2 and on 558 controls living in the Los Angeles area. The @entity0 were divided into several categories. These included Jewish and non-Jewish @entity0 , @entity0 with only mucous membrane involvement, only skin or both mucous membrane and skin involvement, and those with a single-episode or recurrent disease. Depending on the highest titer of anti-intercellular cement substance antibody titer, the @entity0 were categorized into those whose titers were 0-80, 160-320, and 640 or greater. A statistically increased incidence of HLA-A25, HLA-B38, and HLA- @entity1 antigens was observed in @entity0 compared to controls. This incidence was significantly higher in Jewish compared to non-Jewish @entity0 . The correlations were insignificant in the group with an antibody titer of 0-80, but significant in those with a titer of 160-320, and even more significant in those with titers greater than 640. No significant differences were present between @entity0 who had a single-episode or recurrent disease or in those that had only mouth or only skin involvement. In all categories tested, the association was stronger with @entity1 than with A26 or B38. @entity1 was present equally in B38-positive and B38-negative @entity0 . The primary association of @entity2 may be with the @entity1 antigen, and it may be a marker for the severity of the disease.

title: Association of XXXX with pemphigus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Twenty-eight @entity0 with @entity4 cerebri underwent 40 optic nerve sheath fenestrations for relief of @entity1 . Twenty @entity0 and eight @entity0 underwent 16 unilateral fenestrations and 12 bilateral operations. @entity3 disappeared or was strikingly reduced in 24 of 28 @entity0 . The other four @entity0 had gliotic discs (two @entity0 ) or were followed up for only a short time. Visual acuity improved in 12 of 40 eyes and remained the same in 22 of 40 eyes. Seventeen eyes had preoperative visual acuity of 20/30 or better. In six eyes visual acuity decreased. Of eight eyes operated on that had visual acuity of 20/200 or worse, only three showed improvement. Visual fields improved in 21 of 40 eyes and remained the same in ten eyes. Five of the ten eyes that did not change had poor vision before surgery. Eight eyes in five @entity0 continued to lose acuity postoperatively. Each of these eight eyes had a concomitant loss of visual field. An additional two eyes developed @entity1 with preserved visual acuity. The indications for surgery are early evidence of progressive @entity1 in a @entity0 with @entity4 cerebri. Severe @entity2 presents little opportunity for improvement but fenestration may be used in a last effort to preserve or restore vision.

title: Results of optic nerve sheath fenestration for XXXX cerebri. The lateral orbitotomy approach.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effect of antiepileptic drugs (AED) on cognitive function was studied in 87 @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Group A: (n = 52) started AED treatment ( @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity1 or @entity6 ). Group B: (n = 27) had AED monotherapy withdrawn ( @entity4 or @entity3 ). Group C: (n = 8) was switched from @entity6 to @entity4 monotherapy. The @entity0 were tested before and 4 months after change of the treatment. RESULTS: In group A the test performances were in general unchanged. @entity0 who had their drug treatment withdrawn (group B) and the @entity0 who were switched from @entity6 to @entity4 (group C) improved in single tests. The predominant changes in performance seem to be due to practice effect. CONCLUSION: Cognitive functions are only minimally influenced by AEDs after short-term treatment whereas there is a slight improvement after discontinuation of long-term administration of @entity4 and @entity3 . A lack of practice effect might be the first indicator of a negative effect of AED on cognitive function.

title: Cognitive function and anticonvulsant therapy: effect of monotherapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate T lymphocyte subsets in pelvic and paraortic lymph nodes, in @entity0 with FIGO @entity4 at different degrees of @entity1 and with lymphovascular space invasion. The aim was to define an eventual modulation of regional immune reactivity useful in the therapeutic approach of the disease. METHODS: Twenty-two @entity0 with FIGO stage I endometroid adenocarcinoma were consecutively recruited and selected for immunological study. All the @entity0 underwent primary surgery characterized by radical hysterectomy (Piver's type III) with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and systematic pelvic plus paraaortic lymphadenectomy. Lymphocyte tipization was performed by Beckton Dickinson monoclonal antibodies ( @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity6 ) immunohistochemically in frozen-sections (immune assay on lymph nodes). For statistical evaluations. Student's t test and one way analysis of variance were used. RESULTS: Significantly higher percentages of @entity2 + lymphocytes were found in pelvic than in paraaortic lymph nodes; however, by analyzing T lymphocyte content in the different pelvic nodal groups, we also observed significantly higher percentages of @entity6 + and @entity5 + cells in obturator nodes when compared to iliac stations. A significant increase of @entity6 + and @entity5 + cell percentages was then defined with respect to myometrial involvement and lymphovascular space invasion, in pelvic nodes. CONCLUSIONS: From our results, we could not define any clinical importance of nodal lymphocyte distribution in @entity0 with early stage @entity4 ; however, the observed nodal immune reactivity in presence of @entity1 seems interesting, with or without lymph vascular space involvement as possible expression of neoplastic systemic diffusion.

title: Nodal immune reactivity in FIGO (International Federation of Gyn-Ob) @entity4 : relationship with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate T lymphocyte subsets in pelvic and paraortic lymph nodes, in @entity0 with FIGO @entity4 at different degrees of @entity1 and with lymphovascular space invasion. The aim was to define an eventual modulation of regional immune reactivity useful in the therapeutic approach of the disease. METHODS: Twenty-two @entity0 with FIGO stage I endometroid adenocarcinoma were consecutively recruited and selected for immunological study. All the @entity0 underwent primary surgery characterized by radical hysterectomy (Piver's type III) with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and systematic pelvic plus paraaortic lymphadenectomy. Lymphocyte tipization was performed by Beckton Dickinson monoclonal antibodies ( @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity6 ) immunohistochemically in frozen-sections (immune assay on lymph nodes). For statistical evaluations. Student's t test and one way analysis of variance were used. RESULTS: Significantly higher percentages of @entity2 + lymphocytes were found in pelvic than in paraaortic lymph nodes; however, by analyzing T lymphocyte content in the different pelvic nodal groups, we also observed significantly higher percentages of @entity6 + and @entity5 + cells in obturator nodes when compared to iliac stations. A significant increase of @entity6 + and @entity5 + cell percentages was then defined with respect to myometrial involvement and lymphovascular space invasion, in pelvic nodes. CONCLUSIONS: From our results, we could not define any clinical importance of nodal lymphocyte distribution in @entity0 with early stage @entity4 ; however, the observed nodal immune reactivity in presence of @entity1 seems interesting, with or without lymph vascular space involvement as possible expression of neoplastic systemic diffusion.

title: Nodal immune reactivity in FIGO (International Federation of Gyn-Ob) XXXX : relationship with @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Coxsackievirus B infection may cause @entity3 in the neonate. In most reports the prominent symptoms have been recognized as @entity6 and @entity7 , and a majority were caused by type B2 to B5. Coxsackie B1 was a rare cause. From December 1993 to April 1994 three newborns were admitted to this Hospital with similar presentations of acute @entity1 and @entity4 . Coxsackie B1 virus was isolated from all at one or two sites including rectal swab, throat swab and urine. One fatal case had had symptoms from birth; the disease progressed rapidly initially with a strikingly high liver enzyme; @entity5 was noted; @entity2 then happened later and the baby expired in two weeks. The other two @entity0 survived, though one also had severe fulminant @entity1 . In that case onset of the disease was late at 28 days old. The other's clinical course was mild from the beginning. @entity6 or central nervous system involvement were apparently not the significant presentations. Because the three babies all came from areas near this city (Chung-Ho and Pan-Chiao), attention should be drawn to the prevalence of coxsackie B1 virus infection in the total community.

title: Neonatal coxsackievirus B1 infection associated with severe XXXX : report of three cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Vagal nerve stimulation of the isolated @entity0 oesophagus resulted in a triphasic contractile response which was abolished by @entity1 . The mechanisms for each of the three responses were investigated. The first response was abolished by the neuromuscular blocking drug, @entity3 , and was unaffected by @entity5 . The second response to vagal nerve stimulation was abolished by the ganglion blocking drug, @entity6 , and by @entity3 at a higher concentration than that required to block the first response. The second response was also abolished by @entity5 and was enhanced by @entity2 . It was concluded that this response was due to preganglionic stimulation of smooth muscle. @entity8 GVIA selectively inhibited the third response. This response was resistant to the neuromuscular and ganglion blocking drugs yet was abolished by @entity5 and was enhanced by @entity2 . This implicates the involvement of cholinergic neurones activated independently of nicotinic ganglionic receptors. The third response was also selectively abolished by @entity4 and enhanced by @entity7 . Contractile responses resulting from exogenous substance P were abolished by @entity5 and @entity1 and enhanced by @entity2 . These findings suggest that the third response may be mediated by the action of a substance P-like neuropeptide released from sensory nerve endings which subsequently activate cholinergic neurones.

title: Vagal nerve stimulation of the XXXX oesophagus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The natural history of @entity2 is highly variable and difficult to predict accurately. Better markers are needed to guide management and avoid unnecessary treatment. In this study, we validate the prognostic value of a cell cycle progression score (CCP score) independently and in a prespecified linear combination with standard clinical variables, that is, a clinical-cell-cycle-risk (CCR) score. METHODS: Paraffin sections from 761 @entity0 with clinically localized @entity2 diagnosed by needle biopsy and managed conservatively in the United Kingdom, mostly between 2000 and 2003. The primary end point was @entity2 @entity1 . Clinical variables consisted of centrally reviewed Gleason score, baseline PSA level, age, clinical stage, and extent of disease; these were combined into a single predefined risk assessment (CAPRA) score. Full data were available for 585 @entity0 who formed a fully independent validation cohort. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, the CCP score hazard ratio was 2.08 (95% CI (1.76, 2.46), @entity3 (-13)) for one unit change of the score. In multivariate analysis including CAPRA, the CCP score hazard ratio was 1.76 (95% CI (1.44, 2.14), @entity3 (-6)). The predefined CCR score was highly predictive, hazard ratio 2.17 (95% CI (1.83, 2.57),   (2)=89.0, @entity3 (-20)) and captured virtually all available prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS: The CCP score provides significant pretreatment prognostic information that cannot be provided by clinical variables and is useful for determining which @entity0 can be safely managed conservatively, avoiding radical treatment.

title: Validation of an RNA cell cycle progression score for predicting XXXX from @entity2 in a conservatively managed needle biopsy cohort.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The natural history of @entity2 is highly variable and difficult to predict accurately. Better markers are needed to guide management and avoid unnecessary treatment. In this study, we validate the prognostic value of a cell cycle progression score (CCP score) independently and in a prespecified linear combination with standard clinical variables, that is, a clinical-cell-cycle-risk (CCR) score. METHODS: Paraffin sections from 761 @entity0 with clinically localized @entity2 diagnosed by needle biopsy and managed conservatively in the United Kingdom, mostly between 2000 and 2003. The primary end point was @entity2 @entity1 . Clinical variables consisted of centrally reviewed Gleason score, baseline PSA level, age, clinical stage, and extent of disease; these were combined into a single predefined risk assessment (CAPRA) score. Full data were available for 585 @entity0 who formed a fully independent validation cohort. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, the CCP score hazard ratio was 2.08 (95% CI (1.76, 2.46), @entity3 (-13)) for one unit change of the score. In multivariate analysis including CAPRA, the CCP score hazard ratio was 1.76 (95% CI (1.44, 2.14), @entity3 (-6)). The predefined CCR score was highly predictive, hazard ratio 2.17 (95% CI (1.83, 2.57),   (2)=89.0, @entity3 (-20)) and captured virtually all available prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS: The CCP score provides significant pretreatment prognostic information that cannot be provided by clinical variables and is useful for determining which @entity0 can be safely managed conservatively, avoiding radical treatment.

title: Validation of an RNA cell cycle progression score for predicting @entity1 from XXXX in a conservatively managed needle biopsy cohort.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 causation are common in Africa. This article reports an investigation of some clinical correlates of @entity0 who believe that their problem has a spiritual cause. A cross-sectional survey of random attenders at primary health care clinics and traditional medical practitioners ( @entity6 ) in Harare (n = 302) was performed. Interviews included eliciting of explanatory models, indigenous and etic @entity2 measures. @entity4 were held by half the subjects. @entity0 who hold this model had higher levels of @entity2 and were more likely to have a @entity5 as judged by the @entity0 , care provider and @entity2 measures. The symptoms of such @entity0 resemble the construct of @entity3 . Such @entity0 are more likely to consult @entity6 and to have a @entity1 . @entity4 may represent an indigenous model to explain the distressing symptoms of nonpsychotic @entity5 . Including them in training of primary health care providers may improve the recognition of @entity5 .

title: Spiritual distress: an indigenous model of nonpsychotic XXXX in primary care in Harare, Zimbabwe.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cryolipolysis is a non-invasive, safe, and effective treatment for localized fat reduction. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a rare adverse effect in which @entity0 develop painless, firm, and well-demarcated tissue masses in the treatment areas approximately 3-6 months following cryolipolysis. The incidence of @entity2 has been estimated at 0.0051% or 1 in 20,000 treated @entity0 . We report two cases of @entity2 seen in our practice, which may suggest the incidence is greater than previously reported. STUDY DESIGN/ @entity0 AND METHODS: A 44-year-old @entity0 underwent cryolipolysis for unwanted fat in the pectoral region. At 4 month follow-up, the @entity0 had well-demarcated tissue growth in the treatment areas. He elected to undergo additional cryolipolysis treatment to the areas. Two months later, he was found to have further tissue growth in the treatment areas. The @entity0 then underwent corrective treatment with liposuction. A 52-year-old @entity0 underwent cryolipolysis for unwanted lower abdominal fat. At one year follow-up, he had a well-demarcated, subcutaneous mass on the lower abdomen corresponding to the treatment site. The @entity0 elected to undergo corrective treatment with liposuction. Adipose tissue samples from the treated and non-treated areas, for control, were collected, processed, and stained to evaluate cellularity and tissue structure. RESULTS: In our practice, the incidence of @entity2 is 0.47% or 2 in 422 cryolipolysis treatments. This is 100 times greater than the device manufacturer's reported incidence. Histopathologic examination of the subcutaneous tissue mass showed an increased number of adipocytes, @entity1 , and scar tissue in the treated areas when compared to controls. No lipoblasts, a marker of malignant neoplastic proliferation, were identified on the histopathologic examination of the affected tissues. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity2 is likely underreported. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate its mechanism of action. By understanding the pathogenesis, this rare adverse effect may be avoided, or even utilized as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of @entity3 . Lasers Surg. Med.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: XXXX secondary to cryolipolysis: An underreported entity?

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies in order to assess the association between @entity4 and @entity3 . BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity3 in @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity4 has not been studied in a large prospective well designed cohort. METHODS: Data were selected from Medline and Embase and abstracts from annual scientific meetings of various @entity1 and bone and mineral societies. Published studies that reported the @entity3 risk in @entity0 with @entity4 in comparison with @entity0 without @entity1 between 1990 and July 2014 and abstracts from various annual meeting (2005 onwards) were included in the present meta-analysis. Data were extracted from the text of included publications or from abstracts of conferences. RESULTS: The 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria reported 2066 @entity3 events among 27 300 @entity0 with @entity4 (7.6%) and 136 579 @entity3 events among 4 364 125 @entity0 without @entity1 (3.1%). The pooled relative risk of any @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity4 was 3.16 (95% CI 1.51-6.63; P  =  0.002). @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity4 had a four and two times higher risk of any @entity3 , respectively, compared with @entity0 without @entity1 . The pooled relative risks of @entity2 and @entity3 were 3.78 (95% CI 2.05-6.98; P  <  0.001) and 2.88 (95% CI 1.71-4.82; P  <  0.001), respectively, among @entity0 with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggests that both @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity4 might have an increased risk of any @entity3 . A large prospective epidemiological study is needed to confirm our findings.

title: XXXX and risk of @entity3 : meta-analysis and review of the literature.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies in order to assess the association between @entity4 and @entity3 . BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity3 in @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity4 has not been studied in a large prospective well designed cohort. METHODS: Data were selected from Medline and Embase and abstracts from annual scientific meetings of various @entity1 and bone and mineral societies. Published studies that reported the @entity3 risk in @entity0 with @entity4 in comparison with @entity0 without @entity1 between 1990 and July 2014 and abstracts from various annual meeting (2005 onwards) were included in the present meta-analysis. Data were extracted from the text of included publications or from abstracts of conferences. RESULTS: The 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria reported 2066 @entity3 events among 27 300 @entity0 with @entity4 (7.6%) and 136 579 @entity3 events among 4 364 125 @entity0 without @entity1 (3.1%). The pooled relative risk of any @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity4 was 3.16 (95% CI 1.51-6.63; P  =  0.002). @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity4 had a four and two times higher risk of any @entity3 , respectively, compared with @entity0 without @entity1 . The pooled relative risks of @entity2 and @entity3 were 3.78 (95% CI 2.05-6.98; P  <  0.001) and 2.88 (95% CI 1.71-4.82; P  <  0.001), respectively, among @entity0 with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggests that both @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity4 might have an increased risk of any @entity3 . A large prospective epidemiological study is needed to confirm our findings.

title: @entity4 and risk of XXXX : meta-analysis and review of the literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Two thirds of @entity0 hospitalized to rule out @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are eventually found to have a non- @entity2 diagnosis, whereas 2% to 8% of @entity0 with @entity2 are inappropriately discharged from the emergency department. @entity5 has been shown to increase within 2 to 3 hours of @entity1 . This study evaluates the usefulness of @entity5 in acute @entity3 . Serial blood samples were obtained from 89 suspected @entity2 @entity0 evaluated in the emergency department. Testing included @entity4 kinase (CK), a @entity4 kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), and @entity5 . Twenty five of 89 @entity0 (28%) had a diagnosis of @entity2 . The sensitivity of @entity5 for the detection of @entity2 was 56% at the time of admission and 100% 2 hours after admission. Thirteen of 25 @entity2 @entity0 (52%) had a positive @entity5 before increases in CK or CK-MB, including one @entity0 discharged from the emergency department. More importantly, the negative predictive value for @entity5 at the time of admission was 83% and was 100% two hours after admission. This potential for 100% predictability in excluding @entity2 by the use of serial @entity5 determinations will be very helpful in the correct triage of @entity0 presenting with acute @entity3 .

title: XXXX in the early evaluation of acute @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Two thirds of @entity0 hospitalized to rule out @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are eventually found to have a non- @entity2 diagnosis, whereas 2% to 8% of @entity0 with @entity2 are inappropriately discharged from the emergency department. @entity5 has been shown to increase within 2 to 3 hours of @entity1 . This study evaluates the usefulness of @entity5 in acute @entity3 . Serial blood samples were obtained from 89 suspected @entity2 @entity0 evaluated in the emergency department. Testing included @entity4 kinase (CK), a @entity4 kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), and @entity5 . Twenty five of 89 @entity0 (28%) had a diagnosis of @entity2 . The sensitivity of @entity5 for the detection of @entity2 was 56% at the time of admission and 100% 2 hours after admission. Thirteen of 25 @entity2 @entity0 (52%) had a positive @entity5 before increases in CK or CK-MB, including one @entity0 discharged from the emergency department. More importantly, the negative predictive value for @entity5 at the time of admission was 83% and was 100% two hours after admission. This potential for 100% predictability in excluding @entity2 by the use of serial @entity5 determinations will be very helpful in the correct triage of @entity0 presenting with acute @entity3 .

title: @entity5 in the early evaluation of acute XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the evolution of T1 in @entity1 and the necessity of baseline T1 (T1 (0)) mapping for the accurate estimation of kinetic parameters during standard therapy using dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI in @entity0 with high-grade @entity2 (HGG). METHODS: Longitudinal DCE-MRI was performed in 23 @entity0 (196 scans) with confirmed HGG. Kinetic parameters were derived from the extended Tofts model and analyzed both using fixed and pixel-wise T1 (0) values estimated from a Look-Locker sequence. Median @entity1 T1 value from all scans was used for fixed T1 (0) analysis. @entity3 of accurate T1 (0) mapping for the estimation of the kinetic parameters was further investigated through computer simulations and histogram analysis. RESULTS: T1 in @entity1 increased significantly during and after treatment (P < 0.001). There was a linear correlation between the error in 1/T1 (0) and the resulting error in estimated parameters in both simulations and clinical data (r(2) >0.98 for all parameters). A strong correlation between the estimated longitudinal change in all kinetic parameters obtained using pixel-wise and fixed T1 (0) was observed (r(2) > 0.84 for all parameters). Histogram analysis revealed a linear change (r(2) > 0.62) in K(trans) normalized histogram peak height ratio as function of percentage deviation from the nominal T1 (0) value. No effect of T1 (0) histogram distribution on K(trans) was observed (P = 0.52). CONCLUSION: Temporal changes in the median kinetic parameters in @entity1 were equally well described using pixel-wise and fixed T1 (0) despite an increase in T1 (0) over time, suggesting that T1 mapping is not generally required in DCE-MRI based monitoring of @entity2 @entity0 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:97-104.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: T1 in high-grade XXXX and the influence of different measurement strategies on parameter estimations in DCE-MRI.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We explored postmortem @entity3 diffusion from the stomach using a @entity0 cadaver model with multiple blood site sampling. In all, 400 ml of @entity1 solution (5%, 10%, 20%, or 40% @entity2 and @entity3 weight/volume in water) was introduced into the stomach by oesophageal tube. Blood @entity2 concentrations correlated with @entity3 concentrations ( @entity2 range, 1-676 mg%; @entity3 range, 1-531 mg%; r = 0.9973). The pattern of @entity3 diffusion showed marked between-case variability. Typically, concentrations were highest in pericardial fluid and, in decreasing order, in left pulmonary vein, aorta, left heart, pulmonary artery, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, right heart, right pulmonary vein, and femoral vein. Diffusional flux was broadly proportional to the concentration of @entity3 used. It was time-dependent (as assessed by 24-h and 48-h sampling) and markedly inhibited by refrigeration at 4 degrees C. After gastric instillation of 400 ml of 5% solution for 48 h at room temperature in paired cadavers, @entity3 concentrations (mg%) were as follows: pericardial fluid 135, 222; aorta 50, 68; left heart 77, 26; right heart 41, 28; femoral vein 0. Using a 10% solution, @entity3 concentrations (mg%) were as follows: pericardial fluid 401, 255; aorta 129, 134; left heart 61, 93; right heart 31, 41; femoral vein 5, 7. Introducing 50 ml of 10% @entity1 solution into the oesophagus after oesophagogastric junction ligation produced similar aortic blood @entity3 concentrations. This suggests that postmortem gastrooesophageal reflux and diffusion from the oesophagus is the mechanism of artefactual elevation of aortic blood @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Postmortem diffusion of XXXX from the stomach.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Adverse effects of resuscitation due to closed-chest cardiac massage are common, and the incidence is increased when an incorrect technique is used. Nevertheless, thrombolytic therapy of a @entity5 can become necessary even after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In these @entity0 , the risk of thrombolytic therapy-induced @entity4 is immanent. CASE REPORTS. Within 9 months, two male @entity0 aged 44 and 52 years were admitted to the intensive care unit after out-of-hospital CPR for @entity5 with @entity6 . In both cases, thrombolytic therapy was undertaken due to the cardiovascular situation or echocardiographic results. Thrombolytic therapy was successful with regard to the ECG changes, but a few hours later both @entity0 demonstrated increasing cardiovascular instability. After abdominal sonography, @entity4 was suspected. Emergency laparotomy became unavoidable, although the coagulation profile was severely impaired in both @entity0 (Tables 1 and 2). Anaesthetic management was characterised by introduction of central venous and intra-arterial catheters, replacement of volume and @entity1 carriers using large-bore IV lines, restoration of coagulation factors with fresh frozen plasma, and the choice of "modified neuroleptanaesthesia" with blood pressure-adjusted, small doses of @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity10 . Intraoperatively, a @entity3 due to closed-chest cardiac massage was found in both cases. The postoperative courses were complicated by respiratory problems, which led to prolonged mechanical ventilation, but both @entity0 survived without remarkable @entity2 . CONCLUSION. In @entity0 with thrombolytic therapy after CPR and persisting cardio-vascular instability, a resuscitation injury with consequent @entity4 should be suspected. For diagnosis, chest X-ray films and abdominal and thoracic sonography are useful and practicable, even at the bedside. Anaesthetic management should focus on adequate monitoring, replacement of volume and @entity1 carriers, fast restoration of @entity8 , and careful, blood pressure-adjusted maintenance of anaesthesia.

title: [ XXXX after @entity5 with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and thrombolytic therapy].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Adverse effects of resuscitation due to closed-chest cardiac massage are common, and the incidence is increased when an incorrect technique is used. Nevertheless, thrombolytic therapy of a @entity5 can become necessary even after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In these @entity0 , the risk of thrombolytic therapy-induced @entity4 is immanent. CASE REPORTS. Within 9 months, two male @entity0 aged 44 and 52 years were admitted to the intensive care unit after out-of-hospital CPR for @entity5 with @entity6 . In both cases, thrombolytic therapy was undertaken due to the cardiovascular situation or echocardiographic results. Thrombolytic therapy was successful with regard to the ECG changes, but a few hours later both @entity0 demonstrated increasing cardiovascular instability. After abdominal sonography, @entity4 was suspected. Emergency laparotomy became unavoidable, although the coagulation profile was severely impaired in both @entity0 (Tables 1 and 2). Anaesthetic management was characterised by introduction of central venous and intra-arterial catheters, replacement of volume and @entity1 carriers using large-bore IV lines, restoration of coagulation factors with fresh frozen plasma, and the choice of "modified neuroleptanaesthesia" with blood pressure-adjusted, small doses of @entity9 , @entity7 , and @entity10 . Intraoperatively, a @entity3 due to closed-chest cardiac massage was found in both cases. The postoperative courses were complicated by respiratory problems, which led to prolonged mechanical ventilation, but both @entity0 survived without remarkable @entity2 . CONCLUSION. In @entity0 with thrombolytic therapy after CPR and persisting cardio-vascular instability, a resuscitation injury with consequent @entity4 should be suspected. For diagnosis, chest X-ray films and abdominal and thoracic sonography are useful and practicable, even at the bedside. Anaesthetic management should focus on adequate monitoring, replacement of volume and @entity1 carriers, fast restoration of @entity8 , and careful, blood pressure-adjusted maintenance of anaesthesia.

title: [ @entity4 after XXXX with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and thrombolytic therapy].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Between 1970 and 1983, 22 pediatric @entity0 diagnosed as having undifferentiated @entity3 (UNC) were treated at the National @entity0 's Hospital of Costa Rica; primary @entity2 with local extension (T3-T4) was present in 45% of the @entity0 , and @entity1 of the cervical nodes (N1-N3) in 82%. @entity0 were divided into groups A and B according to the type of treatment received. A description of both groups is as follows. Ten @entity0 were treated with 5,000 to 6,000 rads @entity2 dose to the primary and a 5,125-rad dose was administered to the lower neck between 1970 and 1977 (group A). Six @entity0 received postradiation therapy with @entity5 and vincristine and two @entity0 also received @entity6 . The outcome in group A was as follows: four (40%) failed to respond, six (60%) achieved full remission initially with two subsequent relapses, and the remaining four are still alive and free of relapse after 90 to 160 months (average 130) (two were treated with Co60 alone and two with chemotherapy. Twelve @entity0 were treated with chemotherapy pre- and postradiation with CPM and @entity4 for a total of 12 months (group B) between 1978 and 1984. All (100%) achieved complete initial remission; two @entity0 relapsed and died. Ten @entity0 have remained in relapse-free survival for 18-67 months (median 32). Though this is not a controlled study, our experience indicates that pre- and postradiation chemotherapy is effective in prolonging the disease-free survival in UNC and may allow a decrease of the radiation @entity2 dose.

title: Treatment and outcome of undifferentiated XXXX in childhood: a 13-year experience.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The surgical management of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), especially regarding the necessity of central lymph node dissection (CLND), remains controversial. This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the clinicopathologic factors predictive of central @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 diagnosed with @entity3 . METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from their inception to September 2013. Published studies that explored the association between clinicopathologic factors and @entity2 in @entity3 @entity0 were included. From the identified studies, we extracted the number of individuals with or without each risk factor to calculate the @entity2 -positive proportions and used fixed/random-effects models for the meta-analyses of overall relative risk (RR). The pooling analysis on the association between @entity2 or the different CLNDs and prognosis was also conducted. RESULTS: A total of 19 eligible studies that included 8345 @entity0 were identified. Three studies did therapeutic CLND, while the other 16 studies performed prophylactic CLND in @entity3 @entity0 . Meta-analyses revealed that @entity2 was associated with male gender (RR  =  1.36; 95  % CI 1.22-1.52, p  =  0.001), younger age (<45  years; RR  =  1.15; 95  % CI 1.04-1.27, p  =  0.006), larger @entity1 size (>5  mm; RR  =  1.51 95  % CI 1.32-1.65, p  =  0.001), multifocality (RR  =  1.40; 95  % CI 1.27-1.54, p  =  0.001), and extrathyroidal extension (RR  =  1.81; 95  % CI 1.34-2.43, p  =  0.001). Meta-regression analysis indicated that a disparity in the proportion of @entity3 @entity0 with @entity2 in each study was the main factor resulting in heterogeneity among the 19 studies. In addition, the pooling analyses suggested that @entity2 did not significantly predict neck recurrences [hazard ratio (HR)  =  0.95, 95  % CI 0.67-1.22, p  =  0.054], and the prophylactic CLND group did not improve local control significantly compared to the therapeutic group (RR  =  0.96, 95  % CI 0.46-2.01, p  =  0.544). CONCLUSION: Prophylactic CLND may be performed in @entity3 @entity0 with clinically uninvolved central lymph nodes but with high risk factors; multicenter studies with long-term follow-up are recommended to better understand the risk factors and surgical management for central nodes in @entity3 .

title: Risk Factors for Central Compartment Lymph Node Metastasis in XXXX : A Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 syndromes without @entity2 are generated by a multitude of causes. Functional, morphological and psychosocial factors are discussed. In many cases a diseased intervertebral disc is found on radiological examination but the clinical relevance of these findings is not clear. For this study it was postulated that a diseased disc results in a local inflammatory reaction therefore causing @entity4 and impairing treatability of @entity0 . An epidural injection of @entity5 can reduce @entity1 and therefore improve treatability and ultimately treatment outcome. METHODS: A double blind randomized prospective trial was carried out. @entity0 treated in hospital for a chronic @entity4 without @entity2 within a multimodal treatment program were screened for indications for an epidural @entity6 injection (e.g. diseased lumbar disc and intention to treat). @entity0 eligible for the study were randomized into two groups. The treatment group received an epidural injection of 80  mg @entity9 and 8  ml @entity8 0.25   %. The control group received only an epidural injection of 8  ml @entity8 0.25   %. RESULTS: In both groups @entity4 intensity and treatability showed a statistically significant improvement after the epidural injection. The differences between the control and treatment groups were small and not clinically relevant. A small subgroup might profit from the @entity6 injection. In addition the treatability was dependent on psychometric values and the long-term outcome from a @entity3 . DISCUSSION: After the epidural injection the decrease in @entity4 and increase in treatability was statistically significant. The mechanism of the improvement is not clear and should be examined further. The epidural injection of a @entity6 in this subgroup of @entity0 did not lead to a clinical improvement in the outcome.

title: [Efficacy of epidural @entity6 injections for chronic XXXX syndromes without @entity2 : A randomized, double blind study as part of a multimodal treatment concept].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 syndromes without @entity2 are generated by a multitude of causes. Functional, morphological and psychosocial factors are discussed. In many cases a diseased intervertebral disc is found on radiological examination but the clinical relevance of these findings is not clear. For this study it was postulated that a diseased disc results in a local inflammatory reaction therefore causing @entity4 and impairing treatability of @entity0 . An epidural injection of @entity5 can reduce @entity1 and therefore improve treatability and ultimately treatment outcome. METHODS: A double blind randomized prospective trial was carried out. @entity0 treated in hospital for a chronic @entity4 without @entity2 within a multimodal treatment program were screened for indications for an epidural @entity6 injection (e.g. diseased lumbar disc and intention to treat). @entity0 eligible for the study were randomized into two groups. The treatment group received an epidural injection of 80  mg @entity9 and 8  ml @entity8 0.25   %. The control group received only an epidural injection of 8  ml @entity8 0.25   %. RESULTS: In both groups @entity4 intensity and treatability showed a statistically significant improvement after the epidural injection. The differences between the control and treatment groups were small and not clinically relevant. A small subgroup might profit from the @entity6 injection. In addition the treatability was dependent on psychometric values and the long-term outcome from a @entity3 . DISCUSSION: After the epidural injection the decrease in @entity4 and increase in treatability was statistically significant. The mechanism of the improvement is not clear and should be examined further. The epidural injection of a @entity6 in this subgroup of @entity0 did not lead to a clinical improvement in the outcome.

title: [Efficacy of epidural @entity6 injections for chronic @entity4 syndromes without XXXX : A randomized, double blind study as part of a multimodal treatment concept].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 syndromes without @entity2 are generated by a multitude of causes. Functional, morphological and psychosocial factors are discussed. In many cases a diseased intervertebral disc is found on radiological examination but the clinical relevance of these findings is not clear. For this study it was postulated that a diseased disc results in a local inflammatory reaction therefore causing @entity4 and impairing treatability of @entity0 . An epidural injection of @entity5 can reduce @entity1 and therefore improve treatability and ultimately treatment outcome. METHODS: A double blind randomized prospective trial was carried out. @entity0 treated in hospital for a chronic @entity4 without @entity2 within a multimodal treatment program were screened for indications for an epidural @entity6 injection (e.g. diseased lumbar disc and intention to treat). @entity0 eligible for the study were randomized into two groups. The treatment group received an epidural injection of 80  mg @entity9 and 8  ml @entity8 0.25   %. The control group received only an epidural injection of 8  ml @entity8 0.25   %. RESULTS: In both groups @entity4 intensity and treatability showed a statistically significant improvement after the epidural injection. The differences between the control and treatment groups were small and not clinically relevant. A small subgroup might profit from the @entity6 injection. In addition the treatability was dependent on psychometric values and the long-term outcome from a @entity3 . DISCUSSION: After the epidural injection the decrease in @entity4 and increase in treatability was statistically significant. The mechanism of the improvement is not clear and should be examined further. The epidural injection of a @entity6 in this subgroup of @entity0 did not lead to a clinical improvement in the outcome.

title: [Efficacy of epidural XXXX injections for chronic @entity4 syndromes without @entity2 : A randomized, double blind study as part of a multimodal treatment concept].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Catheter insertion in the neurovascular space by axillary approach allows a continuous brachial @entity1 . We developed a perivenous technique whereby the approach to the @entity3 is guided under fluoroscopy by a preopacified axillary vein. A randomized study compared this technique to the technique of Selander in ASA grade I-II @entity0 scheduled for surgery or painful physiotherapy of the hand. The study was performed in 36 @entity0 randomly divided into two groups. In Group 1 (n = 18), the catheter was placed according to the technique described by Selander. In Group 2 (n = 18), the catheter was placed using our perivenous technique. A complete block was obtained in all the @entity0 of Group 2 vs only 50% of the @entity0 in Group 1 (P < 0.05). In Group 1 a partial block was observed in 17%, with failure in 33% of the @entity0 . There was no difference in the two groups regarding the time required to perform either technique, the duration of the complete block, the @entity2 score, or the amount of continuously administrated @entity6 during the first 48 h postoperatively. The plasma concentrations of total @entity6 (high-performance liquid chromatography) were low in successful blocks, with no differences in the two groups; the median value was 0.68 microgram/mL (95% confidence interval: 0.62-0.89). The concentrations were higher (P < 0.01) in failed blocks; the median value was 1.69 micrograms/mL (95% confidence interval: 0.58-2.8). A complementary anatomic study of three arms from fresh cadavers allowed verification of the correct localization of the Teflon cannula and flexible catheter, as well as homogeneous diffusion of the @entity5 blue inside the brachial plexus. The perivenous technique for continuous axillary brachial @entity4 may improve the success rate due to its radiologic and accurate location of the @entity3 .

title: A new axillary approach for continuous brachial XXXX . A clinical and anatomic study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity3 , @entity4 , and a combination of @entity3 with @entity4 in @entity1 relief using periprostatic nerve block technique by guidance of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) before the prostate biopsy (PBx). MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the indication of TRUS-PBx, the @entity0 with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level >4.0  ng/mL or abnormal digital examination findings were selected. The @entity0 were randomized through random method. Group 1: @entity0 were administered 5  mL of 2% @entity4 ; group 2: @entity0 were administered 5  mL of 25-mg @entity3 ; and group 3: @entity0 were administered 5  mL of 2% @entity4  + 25-mg @entity3 . The procedures were completed in 10  minutes, and a @entity2 scale was administered to the @entity0 to question the @entity1 severity. RESULTS: TRUS-guided PBx was performed in 60 @entity0 with an age range of 57-77  years (mean age, 66.2     7.49  years) and a PSA range of 1-1000  ng/mL. The mean PSA level of the groups was 28.5  (  7.5), 16.1 (  5.0), and 14.9 (  2.9) ng/mL, respectively. The postprocedural @entity1 scores by @entity2 scale were 4.6    1.2, 5.4    1.2, and 3.6    0.9 in @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity4  + @entity3 groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Periprostatic nerve block is the current golden standard method owing to @entity1 management and comfort provided, independent of the @entity0 age and the number of core biopsies. We suggest that @entity3 may also be used in this field to achieve @entity1 management by improving @entity4 's effect or as an alternative to @entity4 .

title: Combination of @entity3 and XXXX for @entity1 Control During Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized Double-blinded Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity3 , @entity4 , and a combination of @entity3 with @entity4 in @entity1 relief using periprostatic nerve block technique by guidance of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) before the prostate biopsy (PBx). MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the indication of TRUS-PBx, the @entity0 with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level >4.0  ng/mL or abnormal digital examination findings were selected. The @entity0 were randomized through random method. Group 1: @entity0 were administered 5  mL of 2% @entity4 ; group 2: @entity0 were administered 5  mL of 25-mg @entity3 ; and group 3: @entity0 were administered 5  mL of 2% @entity4  + 25-mg @entity3 . The procedures were completed in 10  minutes, and a @entity2 scale was administered to the @entity0 to question the @entity1 severity. RESULTS: TRUS-guided PBx was performed in 60 @entity0 with an age range of 57-77  years (mean age, 66.2     7.49  years) and a PSA range of 1-1000  ng/mL. The mean PSA level of the groups was 28.5  (  7.5), 16.1 (  5.0), and 14.9 (  2.9) ng/mL, respectively. The postprocedural @entity1 scores by @entity2 scale were 4.6    1.2, 5.4    1.2, and 3.6    0.9 in @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity4  + @entity3 groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Periprostatic nerve block is the current golden standard method owing to @entity1 management and comfort provided, independent of the @entity0 age and the number of core biopsies. We suggest that @entity3 may also be used in this field to achieve @entity1 management by improving @entity4 's effect or as an alternative to @entity4 .

title: Combination of @entity3 and @entity4 for XXXX Control During Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized Double-blinded Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity3 , @entity4 , and a combination of @entity3 with @entity4 in @entity1 relief using periprostatic nerve block technique by guidance of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) before the prostate biopsy (PBx). MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the indication of TRUS-PBx, the @entity0 with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level >4.0  ng/mL or abnormal digital examination findings were selected. The @entity0 were randomized through random method. Group 1: @entity0 were administered 5  mL of 2% @entity4 ; group 2: @entity0 were administered 5  mL of 25-mg @entity3 ; and group 3: @entity0 were administered 5  mL of 2% @entity4  + 25-mg @entity3 . The procedures were completed in 10  minutes, and a @entity2 scale was administered to the @entity0 to question the @entity1 severity. RESULTS: TRUS-guided PBx was performed in 60 @entity0 with an age range of 57-77  years (mean age, 66.2     7.49  years) and a PSA range of 1-1000  ng/mL. The mean PSA level of the groups was 28.5  (  7.5), 16.1 (  5.0), and 14.9 (  2.9) ng/mL, respectively. The postprocedural @entity1 scores by @entity2 scale were 4.6    1.2, 5.4    1.2, and 3.6    0.9 in @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity4  + @entity3 groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Periprostatic nerve block is the current golden standard method owing to @entity1 management and comfort provided, independent of the @entity0 age and the number of core biopsies. We suggest that @entity3 may also be used in this field to achieve @entity1 management by improving @entity4 's effect or as an alternative to @entity4 .

title: Combination of XXXX and @entity4 for @entity1 Control During Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized Double-blinded Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Oligosaccharide processing is controlled by host- and protein-dependent factors. To increase our understanding of the relative contribution of those factors we studied the glycosylation of @entity1 invertase expressed in a heterologous system. Invertase synthesized in @entity0 cells (an NIH 3T3-derived packaging line) is secreted efficiently, enzymatically active, and heavily glycosylated. It was estimated that the protein contains 8 or 9 @entity3 chains. Two classes can be observed, of an approximate size of 100-110 kDa and 115-130 kDa, respectively. The size differences are due to differences in glycosylation. The smaller class contains two high-mannose @entity3 chains; the remainder is of the complex type, sialylated and most likely tri- or tetraantennary. This profile parallels the situation observed with invertase glycosylation in @entity1 , where 2 of 9 or 10 chains remain unprocessed. The larger size class of invertase expressed in @entity0 fibroblasts has a different profile, since it contains probably only complex-type glycans. There are no apparent differences, however, in the size of the protein backbone between the two size classes. When invertase is synthesized in the presence of the mannosidase inhibitor @entity6 , processing is blocked completely, since all glycans are susceptible to @entity2 . The glucosidase inhibitor @entity5 does not inhibit processing completely. In both cases secretion of the protein is not affected. The glycosylation inhibitor @entity4 prevents secretion of invertase completely when cells are cultured at 37 degrees C. At 26 degrees C, however, nonglycosylated invertase can be detected in the medium. These data suggest that glycosylation of invertase seems to be essential for the early steps of the secretory pathway but is less critical for later events.

title: Expression of the XXXX glycoprotein invertase in @entity0 fibroblasts: glycosylation, secretion, and enzymatic activity.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Oligosaccharide processing is controlled by host- and protein-dependent factors. To increase our understanding of the relative contribution of those factors we studied the glycosylation of @entity1 invertase expressed in a heterologous system. Invertase synthesized in @entity0 cells (an NIH 3T3-derived packaging line) is secreted efficiently, enzymatically active, and heavily glycosylated. It was estimated that the protein contains 8 or 9 @entity3 chains. Two classes can be observed, of an approximate size of 100-110 kDa and 115-130 kDa, respectively. The size differences are due to differences in glycosylation. The smaller class contains two high-mannose @entity3 chains; the remainder is of the complex type, sialylated and most likely tri- or tetraantennary. This profile parallels the situation observed with invertase glycosylation in @entity1 , where 2 of 9 or 10 chains remain unprocessed. The larger size class of invertase expressed in @entity0 fibroblasts has a different profile, since it contains probably only complex-type glycans. There are no apparent differences, however, in the size of the protein backbone between the two size classes. When invertase is synthesized in the presence of the mannosidase inhibitor @entity6 , processing is blocked completely, since all glycans are susceptible to @entity2 . The glucosidase inhibitor @entity5 does not inhibit processing completely. In both cases secretion of the protein is not affected. The glycosylation inhibitor @entity4 prevents secretion of invertase completely when cells are cultured at 37 degrees C. At 26 degrees C, however, nonglycosylated invertase can be detected in the medium. These data suggest that glycosylation of invertase seems to be essential for the early steps of the secretory pathway but is less critical for later events.

title: Expression of the @entity1 glycoprotein invertase in XXXX fibroblasts: glycosylation, secretion, and enzymatic activity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The best treatment for symptomatic @entity7 from presumed @entity5 after @entity3 remains a matter of controversy. A direct effect of any treatment modality on regional cerebral blood flow has never been documented. In a series of 43 @entity0 operated on for ruptured anterior circulation @entity2 , five @entity0 (11.6%) developed clinical signs of @entity7 postoperatively. In four of those @entity0 , the diagnosis of " @entity5 " was made with measurements of cerebral blood flow (133Xe inhalation or intravenous injection, 10-16 detectors, cerebral blood flow infinity). Treatment with induced @entity1 with @entity6 was instituted. Hemodilution was instituted in one @entity0 ; the other three @entity0 already had hematocrits in the range of 33. Within 1 hour, the cerebral blood flow measurement was repeated to document the effect of treatment. The average pretreatment hemispherical blood flow on the operated side was 18.8 mL/100 g per minute, on the contralateral side 21.0 mL/100 g per minute. With treatment these flows increased to 30.8 and 35.8 mL/100 g per minute, respectively. There was also an immediate and obvious positive clinical effect in all @entity0 . The role of measurement of cerebral blood flow in the clinical management of @entity5 is discussed. We stress the theoretical and practical advances of measurements of cerebral blood flow over cerebral angiography, especially in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Induced XXXX for the treatment of @entity7 after @entity3 . Direct effect on cerebral blood flow.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The best treatment for symptomatic @entity7 from presumed @entity5 after @entity3 remains a matter of controversy. A direct effect of any treatment modality on regional cerebral blood flow has never been documented. In a series of 43 @entity0 operated on for ruptured anterior circulation @entity2 , five @entity0 (11.6%) developed clinical signs of @entity7 postoperatively. In four of those @entity0 , the diagnosis of " @entity5 " was made with measurements of cerebral blood flow (133Xe inhalation or intravenous injection, 10-16 detectors, cerebral blood flow infinity). Treatment with induced @entity1 with @entity6 was instituted. Hemodilution was instituted in one @entity0 ; the other three @entity0 already had hematocrits in the range of 33. Within 1 hour, the cerebral blood flow measurement was repeated to document the effect of treatment. The average pretreatment hemispherical blood flow on the operated side was 18.8 mL/100 g per minute, on the contralateral side 21.0 mL/100 g per minute. With treatment these flows increased to 30.8 and 35.8 mL/100 g per minute, respectively. There was also an immediate and obvious positive clinical effect in all @entity0 . The role of measurement of cerebral blood flow in the clinical management of @entity5 is discussed. We stress the theoretical and practical advances of measurements of cerebral blood flow over cerebral angiography, especially in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Induced @entity1 for the treatment of XXXX after @entity3 . Direct effect on cerebral blood flow.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The best treatment for symptomatic @entity7 from presumed @entity5 after @entity3 remains a matter of controversy. A direct effect of any treatment modality on regional cerebral blood flow has never been documented. In a series of 43 @entity0 operated on for ruptured anterior circulation @entity2 , five @entity0 (11.6%) developed clinical signs of @entity7 postoperatively. In four of those @entity0 , the diagnosis of " @entity5 " was made with measurements of cerebral blood flow (133Xe inhalation or intravenous injection, 10-16 detectors, cerebral blood flow infinity). Treatment with induced @entity1 with @entity6 was instituted. Hemodilution was instituted in one @entity0 ; the other three @entity0 already had hematocrits in the range of 33. Within 1 hour, the cerebral blood flow measurement was repeated to document the effect of treatment. The average pretreatment hemispherical blood flow on the operated side was 18.8 mL/100 g per minute, on the contralateral side 21.0 mL/100 g per minute. With treatment these flows increased to 30.8 and 35.8 mL/100 g per minute, respectively. There was also an immediate and obvious positive clinical effect in all @entity0 . The role of measurement of cerebral blood flow in the clinical management of @entity5 is discussed. We stress the theoretical and practical advances of measurements of cerebral blood flow over cerebral angiography, especially in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Induced @entity1 for the treatment of @entity7 after XXXX . Direct effect on cerebral blood flow.

answer: @entity3


abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of oral and intravenous @entity2 , a new class IC antiarrhythmic agent, 3 separate protocols were performed in @entity0 with benign or potentially lethal @entity1 . An open-label intravenous trail in 10 @entity0 was conducted using a dose of 1.7 mg/kg/min under constant monitoring. An oral short-term in-hospital trial in 20 @entity0 (8 @entity0 entered directly from the intravenous short-term trial) was conducted using a single-blind placebo dose titration protocol in which 50 mg of @entity2 every 8 hours was increased at 3-day intervals to 75 mg, and then 100 mg every 8 hours depending on the observed change in @entity1 frequency by Holter monitoring. Finally, an outpatient long-term oral trial was conducted in 17 of the 20 @entity0 who completed the inpatient oral short-term trail. Two of the 10 @entity0 from the inpatient intravenous trail did not enter the oral trial, because a proarrhythmic response developed in 1 and because of a lack of efficacy in the other. During the inpatient oral trial, 17 of 20 @entity0 (85%) responded to @entity2 and entered the long-term phase. Two of these @entity0 were removed from the trial because of lack of efficacy at 3 and 10 months, respectively. In the oral therapy protocols, minor side effects of the central nervous system occurred in 4 of 17 @entity0 (24%). Six of 20 @entity0 (30%) each had more than a 25% increase in PR and QRS duration that was not associated with higher degrees of block.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of oral and intravenous @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1