abstract: Massive transfusion is an essential part of resuscitation efforts in acute @entity1 @entity0 . The goal is to quickly correct @entity1 -induced @entity2 and replace red blood cell (RBC) mass with the minimal number as well as the appropriate choice of blood components to minimize the possible adverse effects of transfusions. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is present in about 20% of @entity0 upon hospital admission and predicts for decreased survival. The mechanism of @entity2 is still being elucidated; however, most theories of @entity2 's pathophysiology justify the early use of plasma. Most massive transfusion protocol (MTP) ratios deliver blood products in a ratio of 1:1:1 for RBCs:plasma:platelets, which is supported by the majority of the literature demonstrating improved @entity0 survival with higher ratios (>1 plasma and platelet for every 2 RBCs transfused). Indeed, formula-driven MTPs allow @entity1 services to react quickly to @entity2 and provide coagulation factors and platelets in these ratios without having to wait for the results of coagulation assays while the @entity0 's @entity2 worsens. New MTPs are being created which are adjusted according to an individual's coagulation laboratory values based on point-of-care laboratory tests, such as thromboelastography. When creating an MTP, product wastage due to inappropriate activation and improper product storage should be considered and closely monitored. Another area of discussion regarding transfusion in @entity1 includes the potential association of prolonged storage of RBCs and adverse outcomes, which has yet to be confirmed. Significant progress has been made in the transfusion management of @entity1 @entity0 , but further studies are required to optimize @entity0 care and outcomes.

title: Blood transfusion in @entity1 XXXX : unresolved questions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rush venom immunotherapy (VIT) is highly effective in vespid venom @entity2 , but comparable data regarding @entity3 venom (BV) @entity2 are sparse. We evaluated its safety, efficacy and cost in BV- @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Conventional or rush VIT were offered to all @entity0 with systemic reaction to insect sting. Rush VIT was also given to @entity4 @entity0 who failed to reach the maintenance dose with conventional VIT due to multiple systemic reactions. In BV- @entity1 @entity0 , @entity3 sting challenge was performed within 1 week after reaching the maintenance dose. RESULTS: 179 @entity0 , some of them @entity1 to more than one venom, received 246 rush VIT courses. @entity3 VIT was administered to 132 @entity0 (73.7%); 173 @entity0 (96.6%) reached the maintenance dose. The incidence of systemic reactions was 29.6%. They were more common in VIT with BV than with vespid venoms (31.1 and 16.3%, respectively, p = 0.01). After excluding the @entity4 subgroup (n = 20), this difference was not significant (23.7 and 16%, respectively, p = 0.19). Despite the high incidence of systemic reactions (15 of 20, 75%) among @entity4 @entity0 , 17 @entity0 (85%) achieved the maintenance dose. Sting challenges resulted in systemic reaction in 4 of 8 (50%) @entity4 @entity0 and in 2 of 47 (4.3%) ordinary @entity0 . The cost of rush VIT was 41% of that of conventional VIT. CONCLUSIONS: Rush VIT with BV is safe, instantaneously effective, less expensive and enables most @entity0 with previous failures of conventional VIT to reach the maintenance dose.

title: Three days rush venom immunotherapy in XXXX @entity2 : safe, inexpensive and instantaneously effective.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rush venom immunotherapy (VIT) is highly effective in vespid venom @entity2 , but comparable data regarding @entity3 venom (BV) @entity2 are sparse. We evaluated its safety, efficacy and cost in BV- @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Conventional or rush VIT were offered to all @entity0 with systemic reaction to insect sting. Rush VIT was also given to @entity4 @entity0 who failed to reach the maintenance dose with conventional VIT due to multiple systemic reactions. In BV- @entity1 @entity0 , @entity3 sting challenge was performed within 1 week after reaching the maintenance dose. RESULTS: 179 @entity0 , some of them @entity1 to more than one venom, received 246 rush VIT courses. @entity3 VIT was administered to 132 @entity0 (73.7%); 173 @entity0 (96.6%) reached the maintenance dose. The incidence of systemic reactions was 29.6%. They were more common in VIT with BV than with vespid venoms (31.1 and 16.3%, respectively, p = 0.01). After excluding the @entity4 subgroup (n = 20), this difference was not significant (23.7 and 16%, respectively, p = 0.19). Despite the high incidence of systemic reactions (15 of 20, 75%) among @entity4 @entity0 , 17 @entity0 (85%) achieved the maintenance dose. Sting challenges resulted in systemic reaction in 4 of 8 (50%) @entity4 @entity0 and in 2 of 47 (4.3%) ordinary @entity0 . The cost of rush VIT was 41% of that of conventional VIT. CONCLUSIONS: Rush VIT with BV is safe, instantaneously effective, less expensive and enables most @entity0 with previous failures of conventional VIT to reach the maintenance dose.

title: Three days rush venom immunotherapy in @entity3 XXXX : safe, inexpensive and instantaneously effective.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 -adrenergic receptors (AR) are nearly exclusively expressed in brown and white adipose tissues, and chronic activation of these receptors by selective agonists has profound anti- @entity0 and anti- @entity2 effects. This study examined metabolic responses to acute and chronic @entity5 activation in wild-type C57Bl/6 @entity1 and congenic @entity1 lacking functional uncoupling protein (UCP)1, the molecular effector of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Acute activation of @entity5 doubled metabolic rate in wild-type @entity1 and sharply elevated body temperature and BAT blood flow, as determined by laser Doppler flowmetry. In contrast, @entity5 activation did not increase BAT blood flow in @entity1 lacking @entity3 ( @entity3 KO). Nonetheless, @entity5 activation significantly increased metabolic rate and body temperature in @entity3 KO @entity1 , demonstrating the presence of @entity3 -independent thermogenesis. Daily treatment with the @entity5 agonist @entity4 (CL) for 6 days increased basal and CL-induced thermogenesis compared with naive @entity1 . This expansion of basal and CL-induced metabolic rate did not require @entity3 expression. Chronic CL treatment of @entity3 KO @entity1 increased basal and CL-stimulated metabolic rate of epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) fourfold but did not alter BAT thermogenesis. After chronic CL treatment, CL-stimulated thermogenesis of EWAT equaled that of interscapular BAT per tissue mass. The elevation of EWAT metabolism was accompanied by mitochondrial biogenesis and the induction of genes involved in lipid oxidation. These observations indicate that chronic @entity5 activation induces metabolic adaptation in WAT that contributes to @entity6 -AR-mediated thermogenesis. This adaptation involves lipid oxidation in situ and does not require @entity3 expression.

title: White adipose tissue contributes to XXXX -independent thermogenesis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The objectives of this study were to develop an in vitro culture system to optimize germ cell proliferation and to measure the potential of the cultured germ cells to produce mature spermatozoa after transplantation into a recipient. Donor germ cells isolated from @entity8 male @entity0 were cultured with a STO feeder cell layer in Dulbecco's minimal essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), stem cell factor, @entity2 inhibitory factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity0 @entity9 , and platelet-derived growth factor. Donor germ cells formed colonies in the primary cultures after 8-21 days. These cultured colonies were maintained for 4 weeks or longer without subculture and proliferated for up to 8 passages over a period of 3 months. These colonies had alkaline phosphatase activity and incorporated @entity1 . These colonies were positive partially when screened with antibody for germ cell nuclear antigen and @entity6 . Germ cells cultured with this supplemented medium showed enhanced colonization vs controls cultured with DMEM and @entity3 . Cultured germ cells from @entity8 donors were transplanted into testes and were identified by X-gal staining and histological screening. The cells cultured in the supplemented medium colonized the tubules and initiated spermatogenesis in the recipient @entity0 . This is an improved method for culturing germ cells and may be useful in gene therapy and the production of transgenic animals.

title: Long-term culture and transplantation of XXXX testicular germ cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) are at risk of developing @entity2 and @entity12 due to underlying @entity1 , @entity13 , and immunosuppression. This process occurs more frequently in the first year after renal transplantation (RTX), resulting in eventual @entity7 and @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-dose @entity6 to prevent early @entity7 after RTX. @entity0 AND METHODS: We prospectively studied 43 successful RTR including 22 @entity0 and 21- @entity0 with a mean overall age of 39.16  11.73 years, mean body mass index of 23.6  3.73, and mean dialysis duration of 25.73  17.67 months. We matched them based on age and sex: the @entity6 -treated group received @entity5 (Vit D) during the study plus 30 mg @entity6 weekly from 1 month after RTX. The control group only received Vit D. We measured serum @entity4 , @entity10 , alkaline phosphatase, blood @entity9 , @entity8 , and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) at the pretransplant baseline and monthly thereafter as well as @entity11 of the lumbar spine, femur, and radius pretransplant baseline versus 3 and 6 months after RTX. RESULTS: At 6 month after RTX, the lumbar @entity11 in the @entity6 group increased significantly from 0.819  0.11 to 0.863  0.14 (P<.01), while it decreased in the control group from 0.897  0.17 to 0.817  0.16 (P<.001). There was also a significant increase in radius @entity11 (P<.001) and a nonsignificant increase in femoral @entity11 in the @entity6 versus a significant decrease of femoral and radius @entity11 (P<.001) in the control group at 6 months. Upon multivariate analysis, there was a significant correlation between @entity6 and spine @entity11 (r=.45, P<.001) but no linear regression between age, sex, BMI, dialysis duration of or iPTH with femoral, spine, or radius @entity11 changes at month 6. CONCLUSION: Low-dose @entity6 was significantly useful to mitigate fast @entity7 and increase @entity11 immediately after RTX.

title: Effect of @entity6 on early XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) are at risk of developing @entity2 and @entity12 due to underlying @entity1 , @entity13 , and immunosuppression. This process occurs more frequently in the first year after renal transplantation (RTX), resulting in eventual @entity7 and @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-dose @entity6 to prevent early @entity7 after RTX. @entity0 AND METHODS: We prospectively studied 43 successful RTR including 22 @entity0 and 21- @entity0 with a mean overall age of 39.16  11.73 years, mean body mass index of 23.6  3.73, and mean dialysis duration of 25.73  17.67 months. We matched them based on age and sex: the @entity6 -treated group received @entity5 (Vit D) during the study plus 30 mg @entity6 weekly from 1 month after RTX. The control group only received Vit D. We measured serum @entity4 , @entity10 , alkaline phosphatase, blood @entity9 , @entity8 , and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) at the pretransplant baseline and monthly thereafter as well as @entity11 of the lumbar spine, femur, and radius pretransplant baseline versus 3 and 6 months after RTX. RESULTS: At 6 month after RTX, the lumbar @entity11 in the @entity6 group increased significantly from 0.819  0.11 to 0.863  0.14 (P<.01), while it decreased in the control group from 0.897  0.17 to 0.817  0.16 (P<.001). There was also a significant increase in radius @entity11 (P<.001) and a nonsignificant increase in femoral @entity11 in the @entity6 versus a significant decrease of femoral and radius @entity11 (P<.001) in the control group at 6 months. Upon multivariate analysis, there was a significant correlation between @entity6 and spine @entity11 (r=.45, P<.001) but no linear regression between age, sex, BMI, dialysis duration of or iPTH with femoral, spine, or radius @entity11 changes at month 6. CONCLUSION: Low-dose @entity6 was significantly useful to mitigate fast @entity7 and increase @entity11 immediately after RTX.

title: Effect of XXXX on early @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the current practice of @entity1 management of renal colic in a district hospital, review literature, implement new guidelines, and assess them. METHODS: Data were collected about the use of analgesia, waiting time for intravenous urography (IVU), and admission status of @entity0 presenting to the hospital with symptoms of renal colic over the period of three months. A literature search into the use of analgesia, imaging, and treatment was performed. Members of the involved departments were consulted and new guidelines developed and implemented. This was followed by further data collection over three months. RESULTS: Seven of 14 @entity0 were admitted. Five to wait for their IVU. Their average waiting time was 12.3 (SD 2.2) hours. Mainly intramuscular opioid analgesia was used. Literature recommended the use of @entity2 . Although computed tomography was favoured it was decided to continue to use IVU because of circumstances within the hospital. The literature recommended a cut off between conservative and surgical treatment at a calculus size of >4 mm. Existing policies of the relevant departments were obeyed and a training system for the junior doctors was introduced. Emergency department staff were encouraged to perform 3-film IVUs. After this, of 5 of 19 @entity0 were admitted, only one of those to wait for an IVU. The average waiting time for an IVU was 4.1 (SD 0.96) hours. Rectal diclofenac was noted to be the drug of choice. CONCLUSION: Coordination of efforts, interdepartmental communication, and a practical application of available literature has resulted in a significant improvement of effectiveness without affecting medical standards, workload, or resources. Accident and @entity1 senior house officers felt highly satisfied at being able to complete management from presentation to diagnosis and treatment. Interdisciplinary communication has to be continued to maintain smooth operation of the guidelines.

title: Improving the effectiveness of the XXXX management of renal colic in a district general hospital: a completed audit cycle.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a common problem in long-term survivors after liver transplantation (LT). It is important to identify and correct risk factors that negatively affect kidney function. The purpose of this study was to delineate the risk factors associated with progressive @entity1 after OLT. METHODS: We analyzed 50 recipients (10 female, 40 male) of overall age of 44  13 year who were all >= 18 years old and underwent first LT between 1999 and 2005. @entity0 -related risk factors were evaluated for @entity2 at 3 and 5 years after transplantation. We evaluated parameters of demographic data, laboratory values, daily @entity6 , and renal resistive index (RRI) by Doppler ultrasonography. @entity8 was defined as a sustained decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). @entity0 were divided into 3 groups according to the change in eGFR from the baseline value: group 1, stable eGFR (no change from baseline); group 2, <50% decreased eGFR; and group 3, >= 50% decrease from baseline. eGFR was calculated by using @entity1 ( @entity1 ) formula. RESULTS: At 3 years after LT, GFR negatively correlated with initial @entity0 -Pugh score (r=-0.42; P<.01); microalbuminuria (r=-0.28; P<.01), and RRI (r=-0.36; P<.01). After 5 years, GFR negatively correlated with initial @entity11 transferase (r=-0.21; P<.05), PT (r=-0.29; P<.05), and RRI (r=-0.32; P<.01). Pretransplantation direct @entity7 levels were significantly correlated with GFR decrease at 3 years (P=.05). At 5 years of follow-up, smoking (P<.05), baseline @entity5 aminotransferase (P=.03) and serum @entity4 (P<.01) levels significantly correlated with eGFR decrease. Pretransplantation serum @entity9 levels were stratified into normal versus high groups. @entity0 with increased basal serum @entity9 levels displayed shorter survivals than those with normal @entity9 levels, namely, median values of 21  3.9 months versus 14  2.4 months, log rank test: P<.05). CONCLUSION: Renal function after liver transplantation show sustained impairment in certain @entity0 . In the short term the main risk factors for renal detoriation were severity of @entity3 before LT, microalbuminuria, and renal perfusion. In the long term, smoking and @entity10 were the main predictors of @entity8 . @entity0 with high basal serum @entity9 values were at increased risk of mortality.

title: Risk factors for XXXX and differential impact of liver transplantation on renal function.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, no large population-based studies have focused on permanent @entity2 after injury of the anterior cruciate ligament as far as we know. The purpose of our study was to determine the risk factors for @entity2 after an injury of the anterior cruciate ligament. METHODS: We identified a cohort of 2192 active-duty personnel in the Army who had been hospitalized between 1989 and 1997 because of an injury of the anterior cruciate ligament and had completed a health risk-assessment survey. With use of the @entity1 and Health Outcomes Database, we retrospectively followed these individuals for up to nine years and collected clinical, demographic, occupational, and psychosocial data. These data were then evaluated with bivariate and proportional-hazards regression analyses to identify risk factors for receiving a disability discharge related to an injury of the anterior cruciate ligament. RESULTS: Overall, 209 (9.5%) of 2192 initial anterior cruciate @entity1 resulted in a permanent disability discharge. In bivariate analyses, the following factors were related to a disability discharge: lower job satisfaction (p < 0.0001), lower education level (p < 0.0001), shorter length of service (p < 0.0001), lower pay grade or rank (p < 0.0001), occupational classification (p < 0.0001), older age (p < 0.01), cigarette-smoking (p = 0.01), and greater mental stress at work (p = 0.02). Associated @entity5 (p = 0.07) and occupational physical demands (p = 0.08) approached significance; however, with the numbers available, other variables that were hypothesized to contribute to the development of disability, such as gender (p = 0.85), reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (p = 0.52), and other secondary comorbidities of the knee, demonstrated no significant association. Proportional-hazards regression analysis confirmed that pay grade or rank, occupational classification, job satisfaction, age, and length of service were independent predictors of disability discharge. CONCLUSIONS: In keeping with risk profiles of several other @entity0 , such as @entity4 and @entity3 , the results revealed a multifactorial risk profile in which psychosocial factors were strongly associated with disability discharge from active military duty after injury of the anterior cruciate ligament.

title: XXXX after hospitalization for the treatment of an injury of the anterior cruciate ligament.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To audit the specificity and value of the @entity5 test (PLT) for the diagnosis of @entity4 . DESIGN: A retrospective case note review of 47 @entity0 who had a PLT during three consecutive years. SETTING: A 650 bedded district general hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity0 demographics, symptoms, baseline blood, endoscopic and radiological investigations, and @entity2 consumption were related to the results of the PLT to determine if the test could be better targeted. Response to therapy and final diagnoses were noted to determine the specificity of the test. RESULTS: Forty seven @entity0 had a PLT during the three years studied. All successfully performed the test as outpatients. Seven inconclusive tests were repeated. Thirty eight @entity0 (81%) had @entity3 , of whom 10 (21%) described steatorrhoea; 23 (49%) had an abnormal PLT. All with an abnormal test had @entity3 , more frequently describing watery stools than steatorrhoea. Those treated with pancreatic enzyme supplements had an excellent response, although two of these had a final diagnosis of @entity1 . Nineteen @entity0 with an abnormal PLT were thought to be suffering from @entity4 . All @entity0 with a normal PLT were clinically thought not to have @entity4 . Age, sex, and @entity2 intake correlated poorly with final diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The PLT can be used in a district general hospital setting as an outpatient test for @entity4 and has a specificity of 83%-91%. Its use should be restricted to those presenting with @entity3 , not necessarily steatorrhoea, and not restricted to those with a history of high @entity2 consumption.

title: Retrospective audit of the value of the XXXX test in a district general hospital.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: " @entity3 related to electrical @entity4 during @entity1 " (ESES) is characterised by the electroencephalographic pattern of continuous spike waves during @entity1 (CSWS) and variable @entity2 . The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis predicts that the strength of synapses is decreased during sleep. The slope of slow waves during NREM sleep best reflects this "downscaling". METHODS: In a retrospective case control study, we analysed the time course of the slope of EEG slow waves of nine @entity0 with ESES. The @entity0 showed continuous spike waves (>85%) associated with regression or stagnation of cognitive functions. The data of the @entity0 group were compared to nine healthy age and gender matched controls. RESULTS: In control subjects we found the expected decrease of the slope of slow waves from the first to the last hour of sleep (17.2% decrease, p<0.001). In contrast, @entity0 showed no significant change in slope across the night. CONCLUSIONS: This finding may reflect a disruption of the downscaling process during sleep, which may contribute to the developmental regression in these @entity0 . SIGNIFICANCE: Thus, our findings contribute to the understanding of the pathomechanisms leading to the regression observed in @entity0 with ESES and support the view that the goal of the treatment in @entity0 with ESES should not only be to reduce @entity5 , but also to resolve the continuous spike wave activity.

title: Impaired @entity1 downscaling in @entity3 with XXXX during sleep (ESES).

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: " @entity3 related to electrical @entity4 during @entity1 " (ESES) is characterised by the electroencephalographic pattern of continuous spike waves during @entity1 (CSWS) and variable @entity2 . The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis predicts that the strength of synapses is decreased during sleep. The slope of slow waves during NREM sleep best reflects this "downscaling". METHODS: In a retrospective case control study, we analysed the time course of the slope of EEG slow waves of nine @entity0 with ESES. The @entity0 showed continuous spike waves (>85%) associated with regression or stagnation of cognitive functions. The data of the @entity0 group were compared to nine healthy age and gender matched controls. RESULTS: In control subjects we found the expected decrease of the slope of slow waves from the first to the last hour of sleep (17.2% decrease, p<0.001). In contrast, @entity0 showed no significant change in slope across the night. CONCLUSIONS: This finding may reflect a disruption of the downscaling process during sleep, which may contribute to the developmental regression in these @entity0 . SIGNIFICANCE: Thus, our findings contribute to the understanding of the pathomechanisms leading to the regression observed in @entity0 with ESES and support the view that the goal of the treatment in @entity0 with ESES should not only be to reduce @entity5 , but also to resolve the continuous spike wave activity.

title: Impaired @entity1 downscaling in XXXX with @entity4 during sleep (ESES).

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: " @entity3 related to electrical @entity4 during @entity1 " (ESES) is characterised by the electroencephalographic pattern of continuous spike waves during @entity1 (CSWS) and variable @entity2 . The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis predicts that the strength of synapses is decreased during sleep. The slope of slow waves during NREM sleep best reflects this "downscaling". METHODS: In a retrospective case control study, we analysed the time course of the slope of EEG slow waves of nine @entity0 with ESES. The @entity0 showed continuous spike waves (>85%) associated with regression or stagnation of cognitive functions. The data of the @entity0 group were compared to nine healthy age and gender matched controls. RESULTS: In control subjects we found the expected decrease of the slope of slow waves from the first to the last hour of sleep (17.2% decrease, p<0.001). In contrast, @entity0 showed no significant change in slope across the night. CONCLUSIONS: This finding may reflect a disruption of the downscaling process during sleep, which may contribute to the developmental regression in these @entity0 . SIGNIFICANCE: Thus, our findings contribute to the understanding of the pathomechanisms leading to the regression observed in @entity0 with ESES and support the view that the goal of the treatment in @entity0 with ESES should not only be to reduce @entity5 , but also to resolve the continuous spike wave activity.

title: Impaired XXXX downscaling in @entity3 with @entity4 during sleep (ESES).

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity1 null mutant smf1Delta cannot grow on medium containing @entity5 . Expression of Smf1p or the @entity0 transporter @entity8 ( @entity8 ) suppresses the above-mentioned phenotype. Both can also be expressed in @entity3 oocytes, and the uptake activity and their electrophysiological properties can be studied. We used these systems to analyze the properties of mutations in the predicted external loop I of @entity8 . The sensitivity of the transporter to @entity2 substitutions in this region is manifested by the mutation @entity9 , which resulted in almost complete inhibition of the metal ion uptake activity and marked changes in the pre-steady-state currents in @entity3 oocytes. The mutation @entity10 abolished the uptake and the electrophysiology, but the double mutant @entity11 / @entity10 partially restored it and changed the metal ion specificity in favor of @entity6 . The maximal pre-steady-state currents at negatively imposed potentials shifted to a lower pH of approximately 5. The triple mutant @entity9 / @entity11 / @entity10 , which has no apparent transport activity, exhibited remarkable pre-steady-state currents at pH 7.5. Moreover, @entity7 had a dual effect on this mutant; at pH 7.5 it eliminated the pre-steady state without generating steady-state currents, and at pH 5.5 it induced large pre-steady-state currents. The mutant @entity11 retained appreciable @entity6 uptake activity but exhibited very little @entity4 uptake at pH 5.5 and was abolished at pH 6.5. The properties of the various mutants suggest that loop I is involved in the metal ion binding and its coupling to the proton-driving force.

title: The first external loop of the metal ion transporter XXXX is involved in metal ion binding and specificity.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity5 has become a reliable treatment option for @entity0 with @entity4 as well as primary or posttraumatic @entity7 . The aim of this study is to present the indications, operative technique and results for the implantation of an Acclaim elbow prosthesis. Case reports are given to demonstrate the indications for prosthesis implantation. Furthermore, the follow-up results are reported for 65 @entity0 after implantation of an Acclaim prosthesis. Pre- and @entity3 were evaluated using the visual analogue scale. The pain level decreased from 8.0 to 2.3 postoperatively. After implantation of an elbow prosthesis, there was a significant improvement in the range of motion. The mean flexion increased from 103 degrees preoperatively to 140 degrees postoperatively. An increase of 10 degrees was found for both supination and pronation. Complications included temporary ulnary nerve irritation in seven @entity0 , intraoperative @entity2 in four cases and postoperative @entity6 in one case. In conclusion, total elbow arthroplasty results in a @entity1 and an improvement in elbow movement. However, selection of the right @entity0 is important. @entity0 are advised not to lift heavy objects or to perform hard physical work. If @entity0 ' compliance can not be ensured preoperatively, no total elbow arthroplasty should be performed.

title: [ XXXX . Indications, operative technique and results after implantation of an Acclaim elbow prosthesis].

answer: @entity5


abstract: We performed this study to determine the predictors of early and long-term survival in the surgical treatment of @entity8 and to examine the risks of pericardiectomy and the functional outcome in @entity0 after surgery. A retrospective analysis was undertaken in 36 consecutive @entity0 , 26 female and 10 male, with a mean age 32.2 +/- 16.3, who underwent pericardiectomy for chronic @entity7 from February 1985 to February 2002. All patients received antitubercular therapy in the postoperative period. The operative mortality rate was 6% (2 @entity0 ); the cause of @entity2 in both cases was severe @entity5 . Nonfatal @entity6 affected 3 @entity0 (8%). The median stay in the intensive care unit was 3.7 +/- 3.1 days. The median hospital stay was 14 +/- 2.6 days. The median ventilation time was 11.9 +/- 1.8 hours. The median volume of blood transfused was 2.1 +/- 1.6 units. Advanced age, @entity3 , concomitant @entity4 , inotropic support and low cardiac output were significant negative predictors of survival, according to univariate analysis. There were 4 late deaths. Actuarial survival at 5 years was 75.9% +/- 9.14%. At the 1-year follow-up examination, improved functional status was noted in 88% of @entity0 . We suggest that pericardiectomy be performed early and as radically as possible, in an effort to prevent @entity1 . A combination of chemotherapy and surgery yields gratifying results in the treatment of @entity8 .

title: Pericardiectomy for chronic constrictive XXXX : risks and predictors of survival.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECT: In this study the authors evaluate the efficacy of and complications associated with dedicated linear accelerator (LINAC) radiosurgery for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: Between August 1995 and February 2001, 60 @entity0 whose median age was 66.1 years (range 45-88 years) were treated with dedicated LINAC radiosurgery for @entity3 . Forty-one @entity0 (68.3%) had essential @entity3 , 12 (20%) had secondary @entity1 , and seven (11.7%) had atypical features. Twenty-nine @entity0 (48.3%) had undergone previous surgical procedures. Radiation doses varied between 70 and 90 Gy (mean 83.3 Gy) at the isocenter, with the last 35 @entity0 (58.3%) treated with a 90-Gy dose. A 5-mm collimator was used in 45 @entity0 (75%) and a 7.5-mm collimator in 15 @entity0 (25%). Treatment was focused at the nerve root entry zone. At last follow up (mean follow-up period 23 months, range 2-70 months), 36 (87.8%) of the 41 @entity0 with essential @entity3 had sustained significant @entity1 relief (good plus excellent results). Twenty-three @entity0 (56.1%) were @entity1 free without medication (excellent outcome), 13 (31.7%) had a 50 to 90% reduction in @entity1 with or without medication (good outcome), and five (12.2%) had minor improvement or no relief. Of 12 @entity0 with secondary @entity1 , significant relief was sustained in seven @entity0 (58.3%); worse results were found with @entity1 . Fifteen (25%) of the 60 @entity0 experienced new @entity2 postprocedure; no other significant complications were found. @entity1 relief was experienced at a mean of 2.7 months (range 0-12 months). CONCLUSIONS: Dedicated LINAC radiosurgery is a precise and effective treatment for @entity3 .

title: Dedicated linear accelerator radiosurgery for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Based upon experiments on animals, an anastomotic apparatus, consisting of two magnetic rings of polymer bonded, rare earth @entity5 magnets embedded in @entity6 , was developed. There are three types of polyester device with diameters of 25, 28, and 30 millimeters, respectively. The force between the magnets varied between 2.5 Newtons at 4 centimer separation and 11.8 Newtons at union. For the low @entity1 , a magnet holder, connecting rod and spherical cap were developed. The aim of the technique is a quick restoration of the underbroken submucosal intestinal cylinder by optimal circular apposition of the submucosal layer. The working mechanism is based upon progressive compression, leading to @entity2 of the intermediate mucosal and submucosal layers by increasing the magnetic force while intestinal healing takes place. After seven to 12 days, the magnets cut through the disappear from the anastomotic region by intestinal peristalsis. From the initial series of 21 @entity0 , 11 resections of the sigmoid colon and nine low anterior resections were performed. Dehiscence of the suture line was noted in two instances. One @entity0 required reoperation. The other @entity0 had a small area of dehiscence at the suture line after evacuation of an infected @entity4 with a further uncomplicated course. One @entity0 died on the third postoperative day of recurrent @entity3 . In the other 18 @entity0 , primary intestinal healing was demonstrated roentgenologically and sigmoidoscopically.

title: Clinical applications of magnetic rings in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) cells are exposed to mechanical stretch during breathing and mechanical ventilation. Increased stretch may contribute to @entity4 . The influence of three stretching patterns (characterized by frequency [min(-1)] - increase in surface area [%]: S40-13, S60-13, S40-30) on parameters of apoptosis, @entity1 , and membrane integrity of @entity0 @entity2 cells was compared with that in static cultures. The S40-13 stretching pattern simulated normal breathing. The other patterns were chosen to study increased amplitude and frequency. There were no significant differences between the S40-13 group and static cultures. @entity5 dehydrogenase (LDH) release and early apoptotic cells were significantly increased in S60-13 and S40-30 in comparison with static cultures (LDH: 0.089 +/- 0.014 microg/ml and 0.177 +/- 0.050 microg/ml versus 0.050 +/- 0.011 microg/ml; early apoptosis: 17 +/- 3.5% and 23 +/- 3.1% versus 9.7 +/- 1.4%) at 24 h. Necrosis was significantly increased only in the S40-30 group (13 +/- 2.4% versus 6.1 +/- 0.9% in static culture at 24 h). @entity6 as well as @entity3 prevented apoptosis and reduced apoptotic cells to static culture levels in the S40-30 group, but did not influence @entity1 and LDH release. Increased mechanical stretch may contribute to @entity4 by induction of apoptosis and @entity1 in @entity2 cells. Apoptosis induced by high-amplitude mechanical stretch is prevented by @entity6 and @entity3 .

title: Apoptosis and XXXX induced by cyclic mechanical stretching in alveolar type II cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity10 is frequent in @entity9 @entity0 . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of blood @entity5 control with @entity12 on endocrine, metabolic, and immune function in an animal model of severe injury. Seventy-two hours after alloxan injection and exogenous @entity12 infusion combined with continuous iv parenteral nutrition, male New Zealand White @entity2 received a @entity3 and were allocated to a normoglycemic (n = 17) or @entity7 (n = 13) group. In the normoglycemic group, blood @entity5 levels were kept between 3.3 and 6.1 mmol/liter by @entity12 infusion, whereas in the @entity7 group blood @entity5 levels were maintained at 13.8-16.6 mmol/liter. Blood was drawn for biochemical analysis at regular time points. At 24 and 72 h after @entity3 , immune function of monocytes was assessed in vitro. Maintenance of normoglycemia with exogenous @entity12 after severe @entity3 to a large extent prevented @entity4 , @entity11 , and @entity8 . Furthermore, within 3 d after injury, the intervention improved phagocytosis of monocytes investigated in fresh cells by more than a mean 150% (P = 0.006) and after 24-h incubation with or without lipopolysaccharide by more than a mean 4-fold (P = 0.001) and 2-fold (P = 0.05), respectively. Oxidative killing after 24-h incubation was also improved by 2-fold (P = 0.05), but no effect on chemotaxis was detected. Concomitantly, @entity1 and stress-induced @entity13 hypersecretion were suppressed. Prevention of catabolism, @entity6 , excessive @entity1 , and impaired innate immune function may explain previously documented beneficial effects of intensive @entity12 therapy on outcome of @entity9 .

title: Metabolic, endocrine, and immune effects of stress @entity10 in a @entity2 model of prolonged XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity10 is frequent in @entity9 @entity0 . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of blood @entity5 control with @entity12 on endocrine, metabolic, and immune function in an animal model of severe injury. Seventy-two hours after alloxan injection and exogenous @entity12 infusion combined with continuous iv parenteral nutrition, male New Zealand White @entity2 received a @entity3 and were allocated to a normoglycemic (n = 17) or @entity7 (n = 13) group. In the normoglycemic group, blood @entity5 levels were kept between 3.3 and 6.1 mmol/liter by @entity12 infusion, whereas in the @entity7 group blood @entity5 levels were maintained at 13.8-16.6 mmol/liter. Blood was drawn for biochemical analysis at regular time points. At 24 and 72 h after @entity3 , immune function of monocytes was assessed in vitro. Maintenance of normoglycemia with exogenous @entity12 after severe @entity3 to a large extent prevented @entity4 , @entity11 , and @entity8 . Furthermore, within 3 d after injury, the intervention improved phagocytosis of monocytes investigated in fresh cells by more than a mean 150% (P = 0.006) and after 24-h incubation with or without lipopolysaccharide by more than a mean 4-fold (P = 0.001) and 2-fold (P = 0.05), respectively. Oxidative killing after 24-h incubation was also improved by 2-fold (P = 0.05), but no effect on chemotaxis was detected. Concomitantly, @entity1 and stress-induced @entity13 hypersecretion were suppressed. Prevention of catabolism, @entity6 , excessive @entity1 , and impaired innate immune function may explain previously documented beneficial effects of intensive @entity12 therapy on outcome of @entity9 .

title: Metabolic, endocrine, and immune effects of stress XXXX in a @entity2 model of prolonged @entity9 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity10 is frequent in @entity9 @entity0 . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of blood @entity5 control with @entity12 on endocrine, metabolic, and immune function in an animal model of severe injury. Seventy-two hours after alloxan injection and exogenous @entity12 infusion combined with continuous iv parenteral nutrition, male New Zealand White @entity2 received a @entity3 and were allocated to a normoglycemic (n = 17) or @entity7 (n = 13) group. In the normoglycemic group, blood @entity5 levels were kept between 3.3 and 6.1 mmol/liter by @entity12 infusion, whereas in the @entity7 group blood @entity5 levels were maintained at 13.8-16.6 mmol/liter. Blood was drawn for biochemical analysis at regular time points. At 24 and 72 h after @entity3 , immune function of monocytes was assessed in vitro. Maintenance of normoglycemia with exogenous @entity12 after severe @entity3 to a large extent prevented @entity4 , @entity11 , and @entity8 . Furthermore, within 3 d after injury, the intervention improved phagocytosis of monocytes investigated in fresh cells by more than a mean 150% (P = 0.006) and after 24-h incubation with or without lipopolysaccharide by more than a mean 4-fold (P = 0.001) and 2-fold (P = 0.05), respectively. Oxidative killing after 24-h incubation was also improved by 2-fold (P = 0.05), but no effect on chemotaxis was detected. Concomitantly, @entity1 and stress-induced @entity13 hypersecretion were suppressed. Prevention of catabolism, @entity6 , excessive @entity1 , and impaired innate immune function may explain previously documented beneficial effects of intensive @entity12 therapy on outcome of @entity9 .

title: Metabolic, endocrine, and immune effects of stress @entity10 in a XXXX model of prolonged @entity9 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Free peritoneal perforation is a rare complication of @entity1 . METHODS: We evaluated the incidence of free peritoneal perforation among 208 @entity0 with @entity1 surgically treated in the period 1992-2000. RESULTS: Five @entity0 (2.4%) suffered from free peritoneal perforation. In 1 @entity0 free peritoneal perforation was the first symptom of @entity1 . In 3 cases the perforation was in the small bowel and in 2 in the large bowel. All @entity0 underwent surgery: all cases had a resection of the involved bowel and in two cases an ileostomy was performed in order to prevent severe @entity4 . We did not observed mortality or major complications. CONCLUSIONS: Free peritoneal perforation is rare with about 100 cases reported in literature. No correlation seems to exist with previous corticosteroid treatment. The surgical treatment is mandatory. Simple suture should be avoided. The most appropriate treatment, whenever it is feasible, is resection of the involved bowel with immediate or, in case of severe @entity3 , delayed @entity2 .

title: A rare surgical complication of XXXX : free peritoneal perforation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 is a general term signifying an increase in cardiac mass in response to applied stress. In mild, early @entity6 , cardiac myocyte contractile performance may be normal or enhanced, whereas in severe @entity6 associated with @entity2 , myocyte contraction is reduced in amplitude and increased in duration. In contrast to the varied contractile response, the duration of electrical excitation shows similar changes in both mild and severe @entity6 . Action potential duration in mid-myocardial and sub-epicardial layers is increased, which is associated with @entity3 (in a similar manner to the @entity5 from other causes), based on afterdepolarizations and enhanced @entity9 . Single-cell studies following exercise training in animal models show that exercise-induced @entity7 displays features similar to mild, compensated @entity6 from other causes. Developed shortening of unloaded single cells is increased or unchanged, and developed force in single myocytes is enhanced. Action potential duration is increased, apart from in the sub-endocardial layer. As with mild @entity6 from other causes, this will be pro-arrhythmic because of altered dispersion of repolarization and enhanced @entity9 . Major abnormalities of the ECG in @entity0 include frequent and complex @entity8 , ST segment changes and prolongation of repolarization. In this review a case is presented for regarding exercise-induced @entity7 as being no different from mild @entity7 resulting from other, pathological causes. The cellular electrophysiological changes are sufficient to account for many of the abnormalities of the ECG, including high-grade @entity8 . @entity4 in trained athletes who have no evidence of specific @entity1 may be a direct consequence of @entity7 and altered repolarization.

title: Exercise-induced @entity7 : a substrate for XXXX in athletes?

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity7 is a general term signifying an increase in cardiac mass in response to applied stress. In mild, early @entity6 , cardiac myocyte contractile performance may be normal or enhanced, whereas in severe @entity6 associated with @entity2 , myocyte contraction is reduced in amplitude and increased in duration. In contrast to the varied contractile response, the duration of electrical excitation shows similar changes in both mild and severe @entity6 . Action potential duration in mid-myocardial and sub-epicardial layers is increased, which is associated with @entity3 (in a similar manner to the @entity5 from other causes), based on afterdepolarizations and enhanced @entity9 . Single-cell studies following exercise training in animal models show that exercise-induced @entity7 displays features similar to mild, compensated @entity6 from other causes. Developed shortening of unloaded single cells is increased or unchanged, and developed force in single myocytes is enhanced. Action potential duration is increased, apart from in the sub-endocardial layer. As with mild @entity6 from other causes, this will be pro-arrhythmic because of altered dispersion of repolarization and enhanced @entity9 . Major abnormalities of the ECG in @entity0 include frequent and complex @entity8 , ST segment changes and prolongation of repolarization. In this review a case is presented for regarding exercise-induced @entity7 as being no different from mild @entity7 resulting from other, pathological causes. The cellular electrophysiological changes are sufficient to account for many of the abnormalities of the ECG, including high-grade @entity8 . @entity4 in trained athletes who have no evidence of specific @entity1 may be a direct consequence of @entity7 and altered repolarization.

title: Exercise-induced XXXX : a substrate for @entity4 in athletes?

answer: @entity7


abstract: This paper presents the case of a 63 year old female with a severe @entity4 . She got a robot assited implantation of a cementless hip prosthesis (Osteolock, Stryker-Howmedica, M  hlheim). As operation robot the CASPAR-System (Orto-Maquet, Rastatt) was used. Initially, the clinical progress of the @entity0 was fine. She was nearly painfree within 14 days and showed an acceptable range of motion in the operated joint (flexion/ extension 90 degrees /05 degrees /00 degrees ). She was mobilized with crutches and 15 kg weight bearing at the operated leg. 3 weeks postoperative the @entity0 complaint about @entity2 without @entity1 or intensification of the weight bearing. X-rays showed not only a dislocated @entity3 of the lesser trochanter, but also a sinking combined with a malrotation of the stem. A revision operation was necessary,where we implanted a cemented stem. Now clinical progress was completely satisfying.

title: [Dislocated XXXX of the lesser trochanter with malrotation of the stem after robot assisted implantation of a cementless hip prosthesis: a casuistic report].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) by intravaginal electrical stimulation (IES) and pelvic floor physiotherapy represents an alternative to other therapies. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment inpatients with @entity1 . From January 1998 to May 2000, 30 @entity0 (mean age 54 years) were studied. All @entity0 had @entity2 and 70% urge incontinence; average follow-up was 7 months. Selection criteria were based on clinical history, objective evaluation of perineal musculature by perineometry, and urodynamics. The treatment protocol consisted of three sessions of IES per week for 14 weeks using INNOVA equipment. Physiotherapy was initiated in the fifth week of IES. A significant decrease in the number of micturitions and urgency was observed after treatment ( P<0.01). The pad test showed a reduction in urinary leakage from 13.9 to 5.9 g after treatment ( P<0.01). Objective evaluation of perineal muscle strength showed a significant improvement in all @entity0 after treatment ( P<0.01). A positive correlation was observed between maximum flow rate (Qmax) and all three variables: urethral pressure profile at rest and on straining (stop test), and abdominal leak-point pressure (ALPP). A positive correlation was also observed between ALPP and the stop test. Over 100 different surgical and conservative treatments have been tried to manage @entity2 . The majority of these procedures reveal that despite progress already made in this area, there is no ideal treatment. Satisfactory results can be achieved with this method, especially with @entity0 who are reluctant to undergo surgery because of personal or clinical problems.

title: Treatment of XXXX by intravaginal electrical stimulation and pelvic floor physiotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: CASE REPORT: We report a case of a primary @entity6 in @entity0 aged 2 years and 8 months. The symptoms were progressive @entity7 , @entity8 , and bilateral @entity5 . The @entity1 was partially calcified and was a round mass located in the bilateral sphenoidal bone extending into the orbit. Laboratory study did not show @entity4 . The @entity1 was partially removed by bilateral frontotemporal craniotomy and a diagnosis of primary @entity6 was made from the surgical specimen. Progressive @entity3 was seen and chemotherapy started on the 11th postoperative day followed by local cranium irradiation (24 Gy). The @entity0 has been in complete remission for 37 months. The visual acuity recovered partially and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging showed a significant decrease in the size of the @entity1 . DISCUSSION: Radiological diagnosis of primary intracranial @entity6 is difficult. Surgical removal may be an option for progressive @entity2 but chemotherapy is more important for both neurological stabilization and induction of remission.

title: Primary XXXX in the sphenoidal bone and orbit.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 in the shoulder has generally been considered to be a clinical condition of mechanical origin. However, anomalies exist between the pathology in the subacromial space and the degree of @entity1 experienced. These may be explained by variations in the processing of nociceptive inputs between different @entity0 . We investigated the evidence for augmented @entity1 transmission ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 with impingement, and the relationship between pre-operative @entity4 and the outcomes following arthroscopic subacromial decompression. We recruited 17 @entity0 with unilateral impingement of the shoulder and 17 age- and gender-matched controls, all of whom underwent quantitative sensory testing to detect thresholds for mechanical stimuli, distinctions between sharp and blunt punctate stimuli, and @entity1 . Additionally Oxford shoulder scores to assess @entity1 and function, and PainDETECT questionnaires to identify 'neuropathic' and referred symptoms were completed. @entity0 completed these questionnaires pre-operatively and three months post-operatively. A significant proportion of @entity0 awaiting subacromial decompression had @entity1 radiating down the arm and had significant @entity2 to punctate stimulus of the skin compared with controls (unpaired t-test, p < 0.0001). These are felt to represent peripheral manifestations of augmented central @entity1 processing ( @entity4 ). The presence of either @entity2 or @entity1 pre-operatively resulted in a significantly worse outcome from decompression three months after surgery (unpaired t-test, p = 0.04 and p = 0.005, respectively). These observations confirm the presence of @entity4 in a proportion of @entity0 with shoulder @entity1 associated with impingement. Also, if @entity0 had relatively high levels of @entity4 pre-operatively, as indicated by higher levels of @entity2 and/or @entity1 , the outcome three months after subacromial decompression was significantly worse.

title: Evidence that XXXX is present in @entity0 with @entity3 and influences the outcome after surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 in the shoulder has generally been considered to be a clinical condition of mechanical origin. However, anomalies exist between the pathology in the subacromial space and the degree of @entity1 experienced. These may be explained by variations in the processing of nociceptive inputs between different @entity0 . We investigated the evidence for augmented @entity1 transmission ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 with impingement, and the relationship between pre-operative @entity4 and the outcomes following arthroscopic subacromial decompression. We recruited 17 @entity0 with unilateral impingement of the shoulder and 17 age- and gender-matched controls, all of whom underwent quantitative sensory testing to detect thresholds for mechanical stimuli, distinctions between sharp and blunt punctate stimuli, and @entity1 . Additionally Oxford shoulder scores to assess @entity1 and function, and PainDETECT questionnaires to identify 'neuropathic' and referred symptoms were completed. @entity0 completed these questionnaires pre-operatively and three months post-operatively. A significant proportion of @entity0 awaiting subacromial decompression had @entity1 radiating down the arm and had significant @entity2 to punctate stimulus of the skin compared with controls (unpaired t-test, p < 0.0001). These are felt to represent peripheral manifestations of augmented central @entity1 processing ( @entity4 ). The presence of either @entity2 or @entity1 pre-operatively resulted in a significantly worse outcome from decompression three months after surgery (unpaired t-test, p = 0.04 and p = 0.005, respectively). These observations confirm the presence of @entity4 in a proportion of @entity0 with shoulder @entity1 associated with impingement. Also, if @entity0 had relatively high levels of @entity4 pre-operatively, as indicated by higher levels of @entity2 and/or @entity1 , the outcome three months after subacromial decompression was significantly worse.

title: Evidence that @entity4 is present in @entity0 with XXXX and influences the outcome after surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 in the shoulder has generally been considered to be a clinical condition of mechanical origin. However, anomalies exist between the pathology in the subacromial space and the degree of @entity1 experienced. These may be explained by variations in the processing of nociceptive inputs between different @entity0 . We investigated the evidence for augmented @entity1 transmission ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 with impingement, and the relationship between pre-operative @entity4 and the outcomes following arthroscopic subacromial decompression. We recruited 17 @entity0 with unilateral impingement of the shoulder and 17 age- and gender-matched controls, all of whom underwent quantitative sensory testing to detect thresholds for mechanical stimuli, distinctions between sharp and blunt punctate stimuli, and @entity1 . Additionally Oxford shoulder scores to assess @entity1 and function, and PainDETECT questionnaires to identify 'neuropathic' and referred symptoms were completed. @entity0 completed these questionnaires pre-operatively and three months post-operatively. A significant proportion of @entity0 awaiting subacromial decompression had @entity1 radiating down the arm and had significant @entity2 to punctate stimulus of the skin compared with controls (unpaired t-test, p < 0.0001). These are felt to represent peripheral manifestations of augmented central @entity1 processing ( @entity4 ). The presence of either @entity2 or @entity1 pre-operatively resulted in a significantly worse outcome from decompression three months after surgery (unpaired t-test, p = 0.04 and p = 0.005, respectively). These observations confirm the presence of @entity4 in a proportion of @entity0 with shoulder @entity1 associated with impingement. Also, if @entity0 had relatively high levels of @entity4 pre-operatively, as indicated by higher levels of @entity2 and/or @entity1 , the outcome three months after subacromial decompression was significantly worse.

title: Evidence that @entity4 is present in XXXX with @entity3 and influences the outcome after surgery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECT: The authors evaluated an alternative method to avoid postoperative posterior tethering of the spinal cord following resection of @entity3 . METHODS: Twenty-five @entity0 with @entity3 underwent surgery between 1978 and 2002. There were 16 male and nine female @entity0 whose ages at the time of surgery ranged from 14 to 64 years (mean 41.8 years). The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 279 months (mean 112.4 months). In the initial 17 @entity0 (Group A), the procedure to prevent @entity4 consisted of the layer-to-layer closure of three meninges and laminoplasty. In the subsequently treated eight @entity0 (Group B), the authors performed an alternative technique that included pial suturing, dural closure with Gore-Tex membrane-assisted patch grafting, and expansive laminoplasty. In Group A, @entity2 was radiologically detected in eight cases (47%), and delayed @entity1 secondary to posterior tethering of the cord was found in five cases. In Group B, there was no evidence of adhesive posterior tethering or delayed @entity1 . A significant intergroup statistical difference was demonstrated for radiologically documented posterior tethering (p < 0.05, Fisher exact test). Moreover, @entity0 with radiologically demonstrated posterior tethering suffered a significant delayed neurological functional deterioration (p < 0.01, Fisher exact test). CONCLUSIONS: This new technique for closure of the surgical wound is effective in preventing of postoperative posterior spinal cord tethering after excision of @entity3 .

title: Prevention of postoperative posterior tethering of spinal cord after resection of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Advances in genomics may eventually lead to 'personalized genetic medicine,' yet the clinical utility of predictive testing for modest changes in risk is unclear. We explored interest in genetic testing for genes related to modest changes in @entity0 risk in @entity1 at moderate to high risk for @entity0 . METHODS: @entity1 (n = 105) with a negative breast biopsy and >= 1 relative with @entity3 completed telephone surveys. We measured demographic and psychosocial variables and, following presentation of hypothetical scenarios of genetic tests for lower-penetrance @entity0 gene mutations, assessed interest in willingness to pay for and comprehension of test results. We used logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to evaluate combinations of risk level, cost and behavioral modifiers. RESULTS: Many @entity1 (77%) reported 'definite' interest in genetic testing, with greater interest in tests that conveyed more risk and cost less. Behavioral modifiers of risk (taking a vitamin; diet/exercise), having a regular physician, greater perceived benefits of genetic testing, and greater @entity2 worry also influenced interest. Most @entity1 (63%) did not understand relative vs. absolute risk. @entity1 with less understanding reported more @entity2 worry and greater willingness to pay for testing. CONCLUSION: Interest in genetic testing for mutations related to modest changes in risk was high, modified by both test and psychosocial factors. Findings highlight the need for education about benefits and risks of testing for mutations that convey modest changes in risk, particularly given the current lack of clinical validity/utility and availability of direct-to-consumer genetic testing.

title: Interest in genetic testing for modest changes in XXXX risk: implications for SNP testing.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have found previously that supplementation with conjugated @entity3 (CLA) induces lipid peroxidation and inflammation in @entity0 as indicated by an increase of @entity4 (PGF2alpha) and @entity6 respectively. The present study was undertaken firstly to study the regulatory mechanisms behind these effects, and secondly to see if these effects are specific to different isomers of CLA. Sixty healthy @entity0 and @entity0 , divided into six groups, were given a @entity2 inhibitor ( @entity5 ; 12 mg/day), @entity1 (200 mg/day) or neither treatment (control group) over a period of 6 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, three groups were given a CLA preparation (3.5 g/day) mainly containing the isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 (CLA mix), and the three other groups a CLA preparation mainly containing the isomer trans-10, cis-12 (CLA 1012; 4.0 g/day). Treatment with @entity1 or @entity2 inhibitor did not alter the basal urinary levels of either @entity4 or @entity6 . Both CLA preparations induced an increase in @entity4 and @entity6 in the urine, with a larger increase being found in the CLA 1012 group. Treatment with the @entity2 inhibitor suppressed the increase in urinary @entity6 in the CLA 1012 group, but not in the CLA mix group. Neither the @entity2 inhibitor nor @entity1 had any effect on @entity4 levels after supplementation with CLA. The CLA-induced production of PGF2alpha metabolites is probably partially mediated by @entity2 . Levels of the induced lipid peroxidation may be dependent on the isomeric property of CLA.

title: Isomer-specific effects of conjugated @entity3 on lipid peroxidation in @entity0 : regulation by XXXX and cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have found previously that supplementation with conjugated @entity3 (CLA) induces lipid peroxidation and inflammation in @entity0 as indicated by an increase of @entity4 (PGF2alpha) and @entity6 respectively. The present study was undertaken firstly to study the regulatory mechanisms behind these effects, and secondly to see if these effects are specific to different isomers of CLA. Sixty healthy @entity0 and @entity0 , divided into six groups, were given a @entity2 inhibitor ( @entity5 ; 12 mg/day), @entity1 (200 mg/day) or neither treatment (control group) over a period of 6 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, three groups were given a CLA preparation (3.5 g/day) mainly containing the isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 (CLA mix), and the three other groups a CLA preparation mainly containing the isomer trans-10, cis-12 (CLA 1012; 4.0 g/day). Treatment with @entity1 or @entity2 inhibitor did not alter the basal urinary levels of either @entity4 or @entity6 . Both CLA preparations induced an increase in @entity4 and @entity6 in the urine, with a larger increase being found in the CLA 1012 group. Treatment with the @entity2 inhibitor suppressed the increase in urinary @entity6 in the CLA 1012 group, but not in the CLA mix group. Neither the @entity2 inhibitor nor @entity1 had any effect on @entity4 levels after supplementation with CLA. The CLA-induced production of PGF2alpha metabolites is probably partially mediated by @entity2 . Levels of the induced lipid peroxidation may be dependent on the isomeric property of CLA.

title: Isomer-specific effects of conjugated XXXX on lipid peroxidation in @entity0 : regulation by @entity1 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have found previously that supplementation with conjugated @entity3 (CLA) induces lipid peroxidation and inflammation in @entity0 as indicated by an increase of @entity4 (PGF2alpha) and @entity6 respectively. The present study was undertaken firstly to study the regulatory mechanisms behind these effects, and secondly to see if these effects are specific to different isomers of CLA. Sixty healthy @entity0 and @entity0 , divided into six groups, were given a @entity2 inhibitor ( @entity5 ; 12 mg/day), @entity1 (200 mg/day) or neither treatment (control group) over a period of 6 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, three groups were given a CLA preparation (3.5 g/day) mainly containing the isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 (CLA mix), and the three other groups a CLA preparation mainly containing the isomer trans-10, cis-12 (CLA 1012; 4.0 g/day). Treatment with @entity1 or @entity2 inhibitor did not alter the basal urinary levels of either @entity4 or @entity6 . Both CLA preparations induced an increase in @entity4 and @entity6 in the urine, with a larger increase being found in the CLA 1012 group. Treatment with the @entity2 inhibitor suppressed the increase in urinary @entity6 in the CLA 1012 group, but not in the CLA mix group. Neither the @entity2 inhibitor nor @entity1 had any effect on @entity4 levels after supplementation with CLA. The CLA-induced production of PGF2alpha metabolites is probably partially mediated by @entity2 . Levels of the induced lipid peroxidation may be dependent on the isomeric property of CLA.

title: Isomer-specific effects of conjugated @entity3 on lipid peroxidation in XXXX : regulation by @entity1 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the authors' technique and preliminary results using electron beam radiation as rescue therapy for recalcitrant @entity7 of the conjunctiva and @entity4 . METHODS: A retrospective review comprised of an interventional case series of @entity0 with pathologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity7 of the conjunctiva and @entity4 , who had failed multiple standard treatments and underwent electron beam radiation therapy. Outcomes, @entity6 , and adverse effects were documented. Mortality and local control rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier survival probability method. RESULTS: Eight @entity0 met the inclusion criteria; of these, 6 (75%) were @entity0 and 2 (25%) were @entity0 , with ages ranging from 38 to 65 years (mean 50 years). One @entity2 (12.5%) was classified as T2N0M0, 6 (75%) were classified as T3N0M0, and one (12.5%) was classified as T4N0M0. Follow up from electron beam radiation therapy ranged from 3 to 72 months (mean 30.25 months). The most common side effect was erythema and @entity1 of the eyelids with @entity5 , seen in all @entity0 . @entity2 local control and regression after electron beam radiation therapy were noted in 6 @entity0 (75%); recurrence was noted in 2. There was neither metastatic spread nor @entity2 -related @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The authors report a small case series where @entity2 control was achieved with electron beam radiation therapy for recalcitrant @entity7 of the conjunctiva and @entity4 . This approach may be considered for @entity0 who fail conventional therapy.

title: Electron beam radiation for conjunctival XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12 ( @entity12 ) is used as an animal model for @entity0 @entity1 ( @entity1 ), which is an inflammatory demyelinating @entity10 characterized by activation of @entity8 and/or Th17 cells. @entity0 @entity7 can be either exacerbated or suppressed by infectious agents. Recent studies have shown that regulatory T cells play a crucial role in the escape mechanism of @entity13 spp. both in @entity0 and in experimental models. These cells suppress the @entity8 response against the parasite and prevent its elimination. Regulatory T cells have been largely associated with protection or amelioration in several @entity7 , mainly by their capacity to suppress proinflammatory response. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we verified that CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (T regs) generated during @entity4 (6 days after @entity12 induction) interfere with the evolution of @entity12 . We observed a positive correlation between the reduction of @entity12 clinical symptoms and an increase of @entity11 levels. @entity3 was also accompanied by a decrease in the expression of @entity5 and IFN-y and increases in the expression of @entity9 and @entity6 relative to @entity12 control @entity2 . The adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells from @entity13 -infected @entity2 reduced the clinical evolution of @entity12 , confirming the role of these T regs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These data corroborate previous findings showing that infections interfere with the prevalence and evolution of @entity7 by inducing regulatory T cells, which regulate @entity12 in an apparently non-specific manner.

title: Regulatory T cell induction during XXXX infection modifies the clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

answer: @entity13


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy using a fine-powder formulation of @entity7 for @entity0 with advanced @entity4 refractory to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. METHODS: We retrospectively examined the data of 84 consecutive @entity0 with transcatheter arterial @entity4 who underwent transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with a fine-powder formulation of @entity7 . @entity7 was administered at the dose of 65 mg/m(2) into the feeding @entity4 . The treatment was repeated every 4-6 weeks, until the appearance of evidence of @entity1 progression or of unacceptable @entity3 . RESULTS: Of the 84 @entity0 , one @entity0 (1.2%) showed complete response and two @entity0 (2.4%) showed partial response, representing an overall response rate of 3.6% (95% confidence interval, 0.7-10.1). Of the remaining, 38 @entity0 (45.2%) showed stable disease and 41 (48.8%) showed @entity2 . The median overall survival, 1-year survival rate and median progression-free survival in the entire subject population were 7.1 months, 27% and 1.7 months, respectively. Major Grade 3 or 4 adverse events included @entity6 in 12 @entity0 (14%) and elevation of the serum @entity5 aminotransferase in 33 @entity0 (39%). The gastrointestinal @entity3 were mild and reversible. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy using a fine-powder formulation of @entity7 appears to have only modest activity, although the @entity3 was also only mild, in @entity0 with transcatheter arterial @entity4 .

title: Transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with a fine-powder formulation of XXXX for advanced @entity4 refractory to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy using a fine-powder formulation of @entity7 for @entity0 with advanced @entity4 refractory to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. METHODS: We retrospectively examined the data of 84 consecutive @entity0 with transcatheter arterial @entity4 who underwent transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with a fine-powder formulation of @entity7 . @entity7 was administered at the dose of 65 mg/m(2) into the feeding @entity4 . The treatment was repeated every 4-6 weeks, until the appearance of evidence of @entity1 progression or of unacceptable @entity3 . RESULTS: Of the 84 @entity0 , one @entity0 (1.2%) showed complete response and two @entity0 (2.4%) showed partial response, representing an overall response rate of 3.6% (95% confidence interval, 0.7-10.1). Of the remaining, 38 @entity0 (45.2%) showed stable disease and 41 (48.8%) showed @entity2 . The median overall survival, 1-year survival rate and median progression-free survival in the entire subject population were 7.1 months, 27% and 1.7 months, respectively. Major Grade 3 or 4 adverse events included @entity6 in 12 @entity0 (14%) and elevation of the serum @entity5 aminotransferase in 33 @entity0 (39%). The gastrointestinal @entity3 were mild and reversible. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy using a fine-powder formulation of @entity7 appears to have only modest activity, although the @entity3 was also only mild, in @entity0 with transcatheter arterial @entity4 .

title: Transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with a fine-powder formulation of @entity7 for advanced XXXX refractory to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Local recurrence of @entity1 develops in the posterior bony pelvis as an isolated event in about half of the @entity0 with recurrence. Although radiation can palliate sacral @entity4 , the disease is usually progressive and is rarely amenable to conventional resection. We have adapted a surgical technique usually used for primary @entity1 , which permits a complete en bloc excision of recurrent @entity1 in most instances. This approach consists of a laparotomy with pelvic dissection and mobilization of structures to be resected. The @entity0 is repositioned prone and the posterior pelvis (sacrum and side walls) is then resected with preservation of appropriate nerve roots of the @entity10 . Reconstruction is done with muscle and skin flaps. We have done 21 such procedures, of which, 11 were for pelvic recurrence of @entity8 . Seven @entity0 had resections for cure and four had palliative resections of fungating or infected @entity1 . All but one @entity0 was postabdominal perineal resection and nine @entity0 had been irradiated (3000-9000 rads). Two @entity0 had received up to 9000 rads in separate courses (external beam in one and interstitial radiation in the other). The posterior extent of resection was @entity11 to 5 in six @entity0 ; S3 to 5 in three @entity0 , and S4-5 in two @entity0 . Anterior exenteration was performed in three @entity0 and three @entity0 had additional resection of other organs. In the curative resection group, three @entity0 are living free of disease at six, ten, and 52 months, and one @entity0 was NED at 60 months, but has again had @entity1 recurrance and is living with disease at 65 months. One @entity0 died of disease at 13 months and one @entity0 died of a @entity7 following resection for @entity9 at five months. One @entity6 occurred from a cerebrovascular accident at 52 days. In the palliative resection group, three @entity0 survived with relief of local @entity1 symptoms four, eight, and 12 months. One @entity0 who had received a total of 9000 rads developed @entity3 , @entity2 and died 60 days after resection. Although this is a small series, it suggests that abdominal sacral resection of locally advanced @entity1 is feasible and may provide good palliation in most and possible cure in some @entity0 who develop recurrence after primary resection of @entity5 .

title: Abdominal sacral resection of locally recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Dissection or encirclement of the sectional pedicles for resection area demarcation is generally required for anatomical @entity6 ( @entity6 ). These maneuvers are sometime unfeasible and potentially dangerous. A new technique for performing an @entity6 is herein described. Among the last 289 consecutive @entity0 who underwent hepatic resection, 15 met the eligibility criteria for anatomical @entity6 by ultrasound-guided finger compression. This technique consists in demarcating the resection area by ultrasound-guided finger compression of the right posterior portal pedicle at the level closest to the @entity1 but oncologically suitable. Five @entity0 had @entity3 ; 11 had colorectal liver metastases. Median @entity1 number was 2 (range 1-46); median @entity1 size was 2.4  cm (range 0.4-13). Six @entity0 had @entity2 or @entity5 , and ten had @entity4 . Results show that the procedure resulted feasible in all eligible @entity0 , and demarcation area was obtained in all @entity0 within 1  min of bimanual IOUS guided compression. There was no mortality or major morbidity: only 2 (12%) @entity0 experienced postoperative morbidity. Blood transfusions were not given. Ultrasound-guided finger compression of sectional portal pedicle feeding the right posterior section is a feasible, safe, and effective method, and introduces a new modality for performing @entity6 .

title: Anatomical XXXX : a further expansion of the ultrasound-guided compression technique.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND:    Obesity is common in pregnancy and results in morbidity to mother and newborn. AIM:     To evaluate whether a four-step multidisciplinary protocol of antenatal care for overweight and @entity1 @entity0 would reduce the incidence of @entity5 . METHODS:    Pregnant @entity0 were approached at their first antenatal visit, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated to determine whether they were overweight or @entity1 (BMI   >   25). Eligible @entity0 were randomised to standard obstetric antenatal care or four-step multidisciplinary antenatal care. Clinic protocol included (i) continuity of obstetric provider; (ii) weighing on arrival at each visit; (iii) a five brief minute intervention by a food technologist who asked about the @entity0 's eating habits of the previous day, provided information on reading food labels, shopping lists of affordable foods available from local shops and recipes for a healthy pregnancy diet; and (iv) clinical psychology management to assess symptoms of @entity3 and @entity2 , stressful life events and determine whether psychological factors were involved in eating patterns. Labour and delivery data were audited from the medical records to determine the final incidence of @entity5 . The primary outcomes were @entity5 and @entity4 . RESULTS:    The intervention was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of @entity5 (6 versus 29%, OR 0.17 95% CI 0.03-0.95, P   =   0.04). It was also associated with reduced @entity4 in pregnancy (7.0 versus 13.8   kg, P   <   0.0001). Despite this, birthweight of newborns was similar [3.5 (0.1)   kg versus 3.4 (0.1)   kg P   =   0.16]. CONCLUSION:     A four-step management plan adopted with @entity1 @entity0 reduces the incidence of @entity5 .

title: A randomised trial of a four-step multidisciplinary approach to the antenatal care of XXXX pregnant @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND:    Obesity is common in pregnancy and results in morbidity to mother and newborn. AIM:     To evaluate whether a four-step multidisciplinary protocol of antenatal care for overweight and @entity1 @entity0 would reduce the incidence of @entity5 . METHODS:    Pregnant @entity0 were approached at their first antenatal visit, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated to determine whether they were overweight or @entity1 (BMI   >   25). Eligible @entity0 were randomised to standard obstetric antenatal care or four-step multidisciplinary antenatal care. Clinic protocol included (i) continuity of obstetric provider; (ii) weighing on arrival at each visit; (iii) a five brief minute intervention by a food technologist who asked about the @entity0 's eating habits of the previous day, provided information on reading food labels, shopping lists of affordable foods available from local shops and recipes for a healthy pregnancy diet; and (iv) clinical psychology management to assess symptoms of @entity3 and @entity2 , stressful life events and determine whether psychological factors were involved in eating patterns. Labour and delivery data were audited from the medical records to determine the final incidence of @entity5 . The primary outcomes were @entity5 and @entity4 . RESULTS:    The intervention was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of @entity5 (6 versus 29%, OR 0.17 95% CI 0.03-0.95, P   =   0.04). It was also associated with reduced @entity4 in pregnancy (7.0 versus 13.8   kg, P   <   0.0001). Despite this, birthweight of newborns was similar [3.5 (0.1)   kg versus 3.4 (0.1)   kg P   =   0.16]. CONCLUSION:     A four-step management plan adopted with @entity1 @entity0 reduces the incidence of @entity5 .

title: A randomised trial of a four-step multidisciplinary approach to the antenatal care of @entity1 pregnant XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. Adaptive trade-offs are fundamental to the evolution of diversity and the coexistence of similar taxa and occur when complimentary combinations of traits maximize efficiency of resource exploitation or survival at different points on environmental gradients. 2. Standard metabolic rate (SMR) is a key physiological trait that reflects adaptations to baseline metabolic performance, whereas active metabolism reflects adaptations to variable metabolic output associated with performance related to foraging, predator avoidance, aggressive interactions or migratory movements. Benefits of high SMR and active metabolism may change along a resource (productivity) gradient, indicating that a trade-off exists among active metabolism, resting metabolism and energy intake. 3. We measured and compared SMR, maximal metabolic rate (MMR), @entity0 ( @entity0 ), swim performance (UCrit) and growth of juvenile hatchery and wild steelhead and @entity1 held on high- and low-food rations in order to better understand the potential significance of variation in SMR to growth, differentiation between species, and patterns of habitat use along a productivity gradient. 4. We found that differences in SMR, MMR, @entity0 , swim performance and growth rate between steelhead trout and @entity1 were reduced in hatchery-reared fish compared with wild fish. Wild steelhead had a higher MMR, @entity0 , swim performance and growth rate than wild coho, but adaptations between species do not appear to involve differences in SMR or to trade-off increased growth rate against lower swim performance, as commonly observed for high-growth strains. Instead, we hypothesize that wild steelhead may be trading off higher growth rate for lower food consumption efficiency, similar to strategies adopted by anadromous vs. resident @entity3 and @entity2 vs. @entity3 . This highlights potential differences in food consumption and digestion strategies as cryptic adaptations ecologically differentiating salmonid species. 5. We hypothesize that divergent digestive strategies, which are common and well documented among terrestrial vertebrates, may be an important but overlooked aspect of adaptive strategies of juvenile salmonids, and fish in general.

title: Adaptive trade-offs in juvenile salmonid metabolism associated with habitat partitioning between XXXX and steelhead trout in coastal streams.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Activation of T-helper cells is dependent upon the appropriate presentation of antigen-derived peptides on MHC class II molecules expressed on antigen presenting cells. In the current study we explored the repertoire of peptides presented on MHC class II molecules on @entity0 monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) from four HLA-typed healthy donors. MHC class II-bound peptides could be routinely recovered from small cultures containing 5   10(6) cells. A fraction of the identified peptides were derived from proteins localized in the plasma membrane, endosomes, and lysosomes, but the majority of peptides that were presented on MHC class II originate from other organelles. Subsequently, we studied the antigen-specific peptide repertoire after endocytosis of a soluble antigen. @entity2 factor @entity1 ( @entity3 ) was chosen as the antigen since our current knowledge on MHC class II presented peptides derived from this immunogenic therapeutic protein is limited. Analysis of the total repertoire of MHC class II-associated peptides revealed that per individual sample 20-50 @entity3 -derived peptides were presented on @entity3 -pulsed moDCs. Repertoires of @entity3 -derived peptides eluted from moDCs derived from a panel of four HLA typed donors revealed that some MHC class II-presented @entity3 peptides were presented by multiple donors, whereas the presentation of other @entity3 peptides was donor-specific. In total 32 different core peptides were presented on @entity3 -pulsed moDCs from four HLA-typed donors. Together our findings provide an unbiased approach to identify peptides that are presented by MHC class II on antigen-loaded moDCs from individual donors.

title: HLA-DR-presented peptide repertoires derived from @entity0 monocyte-derived dendritic cells pulsed with XXXX factor @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Activation of T-helper cells is dependent upon the appropriate presentation of antigen-derived peptides on MHC class II molecules expressed on antigen presenting cells. In the current study we explored the repertoire of peptides presented on MHC class II molecules on @entity0 monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) from four HLA-typed healthy donors. MHC class II-bound peptides could be routinely recovered from small cultures containing 5   10(6) cells. A fraction of the identified peptides were derived from proteins localized in the plasma membrane, endosomes, and lysosomes, but the majority of peptides that were presented on MHC class II originate from other organelles. Subsequently, we studied the antigen-specific peptide repertoire after endocytosis of a soluble antigen. @entity2 factor @entity1 ( @entity3 ) was chosen as the antigen since our current knowledge on MHC class II presented peptides derived from this immunogenic therapeutic protein is limited. Analysis of the total repertoire of MHC class II-associated peptides revealed that per individual sample 20-50 @entity3 -derived peptides were presented on @entity3 -pulsed moDCs. Repertoires of @entity3 -derived peptides eluted from moDCs derived from a panel of four HLA typed donors revealed that some MHC class II-presented @entity3 peptides were presented by multiple donors, whereas the presentation of other @entity3 peptides was donor-specific. In total 32 different core peptides were presented on @entity3 -pulsed moDCs from four HLA-typed donors. Together our findings provide an unbiased approach to identify peptides that are presented by MHC class II on antigen-loaded moDCs from individual donors.

title: HLA-DR-presented peptide repertoires derived from @entity0 monocyte-derived dendritic cells pulsed with @entity2 factor XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Activation of T-helper cells is dependent upon the appropriate presentation of antigen-derived peptides on MHC class II molecules expressed on antigen presenting cells. In the current study we explored the repertoire of peptides presented on MHC class II molecules on @entity0 monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) from four HLA-typed healthy donors. MHC class II-bound peptides could be routinely recovered from small cultures containing 5   10(6) cells. A fraction of the identified peptides were derived from proteins localized in the plasma membrane, endosomes, and lysosomes, but the majority of peptides that were presented on MHC class II originate from other organelles. Subsequently, we studied the antigen-specific peptide repertoire after endocytosis of a soluble antigen. @entity2 factor @entity1 ( @entity3 ) was chosen as the antigen since our current knowledge on MHC class II presented peptides derived from this immunogenic therapeutic protein is limited. Analysis of the total repertoire of MHC class II-associated peptides revealed that per individual sample 20-50 @entity3 -derived peptides were presented on @entity3 -pulsed moDCs. Repertoires of @entity3 -derived peptides eluted from moDCs derived from a panel of four HLA typed donors revealed that some MHC class II-presented @entity3 peptides were presented by multiple donors, whereas the presentation of other @entity3 peptides was donor-specific. In total 32 different core peptides were presented on @entity3 -pulsed moDCs from four HLA-typed donors. Together our findings provide an unbiased approach to identify peptides that are presented by MHC class II on antigen-loaded moDCs from individual donors.

title: HLA-DR-presented peptide repertoires derived from XXXX monocyte-derived dendritic cells pulsed with @entity2 factor @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: To test the postulate that sex difference, sex @entity3 , and peptidyl secretagogues control GH autofeedback, 11 healthy postmenopausal @entity0 and 14 older @entity0 were each given 1) a single iv pulse of GH to enforce negative feedback and 2) continuous iv infusion of saline vs. combined @entity5 /GHRP-2 to drive feedback escape during pharmacological @entity1 (E(2); @entity0 ) or @entity4 (T; @entity0 ) supplementation vs. placebo in a double-blind, prospectively randomized crossover design. By three-way ANCOVA, sex difference, sex hormone treatment, peptide stimulation, and placebo/saline responses (covariate) controlled total (integrated) GH recovery during feedback (each P < 0.001). Both sex @entity2 milieu (P = 0.019) and dual-peptide stimulation (P < 0.001) determined nadir (maximally feedback-suppressed) GH concentrations. E(2)/T exposure elevated nadir GH concentrations during saline infusion (P = 0.003), whereas dual-peptide infusion did so independently of T/E(2) and sex difference (P = 0.001). All three of sex difference (P = 0.001), sex @entity2 treatment (P = 0.005), and double-peptide stimulation (P < 0.001) augmented recovery of peak (maximally feedback-escaped) GH concentrations. Peak GH responses to dual-peptidyl agonists were greater in @entity0 than in @entity0 (P = 0.016). E(2)/T augmented peak GH recovery during saline infusion (P < 0.001). Approximate entropy analysis corroborated independent effects of sex @entity2 treatment (P = 0.012) and peptide infusion (P < 0.001) on GH regularity. In summary, sex difference, sex @entity2 supplementation, and combined peptide drive influence nadir, peak, and entropic measurements of GH release under controlled negative feedback. To the degree that the pharmacological sex @entity2 , GH, and dual-peptide clamps provide prephysiological regulatory insights, these outcomes suggest major determinants of pulsatile GH secretion in the feedback domain.

title: Complex regulation of GH autofeedback under dual-peptide drive: studies under a pharmacological GH and sex XXXX clamp.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hip arthroplasty frequently requires potent postoperative @entity4 , often provided with an epidural or posterior lumbar plexus local anesthetic infusion. However, American Society of Regional Anesthesia guidelines now recommend against epidural and continuous posterior lumbar plexus blocks during administration of various perioperative anticoagulants often administered after hip arthroplasty. A continuous femoral @entity3 is a possible analgesic alternative, but whether it provides comparable @entity4 to a continuous posterior lumbar @entity3 after hip arthroplasty remains unclear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that differing the catheter insertion site (femoral versus posterior lumbar plexus) after hip arthroplasty has no impact on postoperative @entity4 . METHODS: Preoperatively, subjects undergoing hip arthroplasty were randomly assigned to receive either a femoral or a posterior lumbar plexus stimulating catheter inserted 5 to 15 cm or 0 to 1 cm past the needle tip, respectively. Postoperatively, @entity0 received perineural @entity5 , 0.2% (basal 6 mL/hr, bolus 4 mL, 30-minute lockout) for at least 2 days. The primary end point was the average daily @entity1 scores as measured with a numeric rating scale (0-10) recorded in the 24-hour period beginning at 07:30 the morning after surgery, excluding twice-daily physical therapy sessions. Secondary end points included @entity1 during physical therapy, ambulatory distance, and supplemental analgesic requirements during the same 24-hour period, as well as satisfaction with @entity4 during hospitalization. RESULTS: The mean (SD) @entity1 scores for subjects receiving a femoral infusion (n = 25) were 3.6 (1.8) versus 3.5 (1.8) for @entity0 receiving a posterior lumbar plexus infusion (n = 22), resulting in a group difference of 0.1 (95% confidence interval -0.9 to 1.2; P = 0.78). Because the confidence interval was within a prespecified -1.6 to 1.6 range, we conclude that the effect of the 2 analgesic techniques on @entity2 was equivalent. Similarly, we detected no differences between the 2 treatments with respect to the secondary end points, with one exception: subjects with a femoral catheter ambulated a median (10th-90th percentiles) 2 (0-17) m the morning after surgery, in comparison with 11 (0-31) m for subjects with a posterior lumbar plexus catheter (data nonparametric; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: After hip arthroplasty, a continuous femoral @entity3 is an acceptable analgesic alternative to a continuous posterior lumbar @entity3 when using a stimulating perineural catheter. However, early ambulatory ability suffers with a femoral infusion.

title: Continuous femoral versus posterior lumbar plexus nerve blocks for XXXX after hip arthroplasty: a randomized, controlled study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Macroautophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that is crucial for organ homeostasis in mammals. However, methods to directly measure macroautophagic activity (or flux) in vivo are limited. In this study we developed a quantitative macroautophagic flux assay based on measuring @entity4 protein turnover in vivo after administering the protease inhibitor @entity1 . Using this assay we then characterized basal macroautophagic flux in different @entity0 organs. We found that the rate of @entity4 accumulation after @entity1 treatment was greatest in the liver and lowest in spleen. Interestingly we found that @entity3 , an @entity4 / @entity4 homologue and the @entity4 -interacting protein @entity2 were degraded with similar kinetics to @entity4 . However, the @entity4 -related proteins @entity5 and @entity6 were not rapidly turned over in @entity0 liver, implying that different @entity4 homologues may contribute to macroautophagy via distinct mechanisms. Nutrient starvation augmented macroautophagic flux as measured by our assay, while refeeding the animals after a period of starvation significantly suppressed flux. We also confirmed that beclin 1 heterozygous @entity0 had reduced basal macroautophagic flux compared to wild-type littermates. These results illustrate the usefulness of our @entity1 -based assay for studying the dynamics of macroautophagy in @entity0 .

title: Characterization of macroautophagic flux in vivo using a XXXX -based assay.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Biologically variable ventilation improves lung function in acute @entity0 models. If enhanced recruitment is responsible for these results, then biologically variable ventilation might promote distribution of exogenous surfactant to nonaerated areas. Our objectives were to confirm model predictions of enhanced recruitment with biologically variable ventilation using computed tomography and to determine whether surfactant replacement with biologically variable ventilation provides additional benefit in a porcine @entity3 injury model. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental animal investigation. SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: @entity4 . INTERVENTIONS: Standardized @entity3 @entity1 in @entity2 randomized to conventional mechanical ventilation or biologically variable ventilation with or without green dye labeled surfactant replacement. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Computed tomography-derived total and regional masses and volumes were determined at injury and after 4 hrs of ventilation at the same average low tidal volume and minute ventilation. Hemodynamics, gas exchange, and lung mechanics were determined hourly. Surfactant distribution was determined in postmortem cut lung sections. Biologically variable ventilation alone resulted in 7% recruitment of nonaerated regions (p < .03) and 15% recruitment of nonaerated and poorly aerated regions combined (p < .04). Total and normally aerated regional volumes increased significantly with biologically variable ventilation, biologically variable ventilation with surfactant replacement, and conventional mechanical ventilation with surfactant replacement, while poorly and nonaerated regions decreased after 4 hrs of ventilation with biologically variable ventilation alone (p < .01). Biologically variable ventilation showed the greatest improvement (p < .003, biologically variable ventilation vs. all other groups). Hyperaerated regional gas volume increased significantly with biologically variable ventilation, biologically variable ventilation with surfactant replacement, and conventional mechanical ventilation with surfactant replacement. Biologically variable ventilation was associated with restoration of respiratory compliance to preinjury levels and significantly greater improvements in gas exchange at lower peak airway pressures compared to all other groups. Paradoxically, gas exchange and lung mechanics were impaired to a greater extent initially with biologically variable ventilation with surfactant replacement. Peak airway pressure was greater in surfactant-treated animals with either ventilation mode. Surfactant was distributed to the more caudal/injured lung sections with biologically variable ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative computed tomography analysis confirms lung recruitment with biologically variable ventilation in a porcine @entity3 injury model. Surfactant replacement with biologically variable ventilation provided no additional recruitment benefit and may in fact be harmful.

title: Quantitative computed tomography in porcine XXXX with variable versus conventional ventilation: recruitment and surfactant replacement.

answer: @entity1