abstract: In the pathogenesis of type-1 @entity0 insulin-producing beta-cells are destroyed by cellular autoimmune processes. The locality of beta-cell destruction is the inflamed pancreatic islet. During insulitis cytokines released from islet-infiltrating mononuclear cells affect beta-cells at several levels. We investigated whether cytokine-induced beta-cell destruction is associated with changes in the expression of the surface receptors intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and Fas. Islets from @entity0 -resistant BB @entity1 were exposed to @entity7 alone or in combination with @entity8 plus tumour @entity2 factor ( @entity5 . Cytokines decreased islet insulin content, suppressed @entity3 stimulated insulin secretion and generated enhanced amounts of @entity4 and DNA-strand breaks. While no membrane alterations of @entity7 treated islets cells were detectable, the cytokine combination caused damage of cell membranes. Independent of @entity0 susceptibility @entity7 treated islet beta-cells expressed a significantly increased amount of @entity6 on their surfaces which was not further increased by @entity8 + @entity5 . However, @entity7 induced Fas expression was significantly enhanced only on beta-cells from @entity0 -prone BB @entity1 . From these results we suggest that @entity7 mediates the major stimulus for @entity6 induction which is possibly a necessary but not sufficient step in the process of beta-cell destruction. Obviously, the additional enhancement of Fas expression on the surface of beta-cells is important for destruction. The combined action of all three cytokines induced the expression of Fas on the beta-cell surface independent of @entity0 susceptibility, indicating that such a strong stimulus in vitro may induce processes different from the precise mechanisms of beta-cell destruction in vivo.

title: @entity7 , XXXX and @entity5 increase vulnerability of pancreatic beta cells to autoimmune destruction.

answer: @entity8


abstract: In the pathogenesis of type-1 @entity0 insulin-producing beta-cells are destroyed by cellular autoimmune processes. The locality of beta-cell destruction is the inflamed pancreatic islet. During insulitis cytokines released from islet-infiltrating mononuclear cells affect beta-cells at several levels. We investigated whether cytokine-induced beta-cell destruction is associated with changes in the expression of the surface receptors intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and Fas. Islets from @entity0 -resistant BB @entity1 were exposed to @entity7 alone or in combination with @entity8 plus tumour @entity2 factor ( @entity5 . Cytokines decreased islet insulin content, suppressed @entity3 stimulated insulin secretion and generated enhanced amounts of @entity4 and DNA-strand breaks. While no membrane alterations of @entity7 treated islets cells were detectable, the cytokine combination caused damage of cell membranes. Independent of @entity0 susceptibility @entity7 treated islet beta-cells expressed a significantly increased amount of @entity6 on their surfaces which was not further increased by @entity8 + @entity5 . However, @entity7 induced Fas expression was significantly enhanced only on beta-cells from @entity0 -prone BB @entity1 . From these results we suggest that @entity7 mediates the major stimulus for @entity6 induction which is possibly a necessary but not sufficient step in the process of beta-cell destruction. Obviously, the additional enhancement of Fas expression on the surface of beta-cells is important for destruction. The combined action of all three cytokines induced the expression of Fas on the beta-cell surface independent of @entity0 susceptibility, indicating that such a strong stimulus in vitro may induce processes different from the precise mechanisms of beta-cell destruction in vivo.

title: @entity7 , @entity8 and XXXX increase vulnerability of pancreatic beta cells to autoimmune destruction.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In the pathogenesis of type-1 @entity0 insulin-producing beta-cells are destroyed by cellular autoimmune processes. The locality of beta-cell destruction is the inflamed pancreatic islet. During insulitis cytokines released from islet-infiltrating mononuclear cells affect beta-cells at several levels. We investigated whether cytokine-induced beta-cell destruction is associated with changes in the expression of the surface receptors intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and Fas. Islets from @entity0 -resistant BB @entity1 were exposed to @entity7 alone or in combination with @entity8 plus tumour @entity2 factor ( @entity5 . Cytokines decreased islet insulin content, suppressed @entity3 stimulated insulin secretion and generated enhanced amounts of @entity4 and DNA-strand breaks. While no membrane alterations of @entity7 treated islets cells were detectable, the cytokine combination caused damage of cell membranes. Independent of @entity0 susceptibility @entity7 treated islet beta-cells expressed a significantly increased amount of @entity6 on their surfaces which was not further increased by @entity8 + @entity5 . However, @entity7 induced Fas expression was significantly enhanced only on beta-cells from @entity0 -prone BB @entity1 . From these results we suggest that @entity7 mediates the major stimulus for @entity6 induction which is possibly a necessary but not sufficient step in the process of beta-cell destruction. Obviously, the additional enhancement of Fas expression on the surface of beta-cells is important for destruction. The combined action of all three cytokines induced the expression of Fas on the beta-cell surface independent of @entity0 susceptibility, indicating that such a strong stimulus in vitro may induce processes different from the precise mechanisms of beta-cell destruction in vivo.

title: XXXX , @entity8 and @entity5 increase vulnerability of pancreatic beta cells to autoimmune destruction.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The removal of @entity2 ) autoantibodies by immunoadsorption (IA) has been proposed as a potential mechanism for the improvement of the left ventricular function in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). In the present study, the possible association between removal of the autoantibodies against the @entity0 @entity2 with the hemodynamic improvement induced by IA was investigated.IA was performed in 22 @entity1 @entity0 (n=22; NYHA III-IV, EF<30%, stable medication). The @entity2 autoantibodies from column eluents (CE) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and BIAcore methods. CE of 32% (7/22) of the @entity0 was found to be antibody-positive with ELISA or BIAcore. In addition, a bioassay system was also used for the detection of this autoantibody. Seventy-three percent (16/22) of the @entity0 were found to be antibody-positive by this method. However, independent of the @entity2 antibody detection method, both antibody-positive and antibody-negative groups showed similar acute and prolonged hemodynamic improvements during IA therapy. Furthermore, antibody-positive and -negative groups received a comparable improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction. These results suggest that different mechanisms are involved in the hemodynamic improvement induced by IA. The beneficial hemodynamic effects induced by IA are not directly associated with the removal of @entity2 autoantibodies.

title: Hemodynamic improvement and removal of autoantibodies against beta1-adrenergic receptor by immunoadsorption therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Though Ireland continues to have a poor health profile compared with other European Union countries, previous research on social variations has been limited. For the first time in the Republic of Ireland, the influence on self-rated health of various socio-demographic indicators was assessed in a multi-variate logistic regression model, separately for @entity0 and @entity0 . Data were from the first National Survey of Lifestyles, Attitudes and Nutrition, @entity1 , conducted by post in a multi-stage, cluster random sample across 26 counties. There were 6539 respondents (45.4% males). Mean self-rated health differed significantly according to age, marital status, tenure, educational status, social class, household size and eligibility for general medical services (GMS), but not according to gender or rurality. There were also differences if residing in a district with low level of affluence, or according to social cluster groupings. There were numerous significant correlations between the nine socio-demographic measures, but the most consistent pattern was between GMS eligibility and the various indicators, for both @entity0 and @entity0 . In the case of @entity0 , whether social class was included in the multi-variate model or not, education status remained predictive in the final model, (OR 2.36 CI 1.35-4.12) as did smoking status (OR 2.11 CI 1.47-3.02). Odds ratio for GMS eligibility was 3.33 (CI 2.61-4.26) attenuated to 1.70 (CI 1.12-2.56) in the final model. For @entity0 the pattern was somewhat different. Only GMS status (OR 2.64 CI 1.74-3.99) and level of education (2.25 CI 1.19-4.24) were predictive in the final model. A multi-level analysis showed that area level of affluence was not significantly predictive of self-rated health when individual level factors were taken into account.

title: Socio-demographic predictors of self-rated health in the Republic of Ireland: findings from the National Survey on Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition, XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 is used as a solvent in paints, cleaning agents, and @entity5 . Exposure occurs primarily by inhalation. The volatility and lipophilicity of the xylenes make the lung and nasal mucosa the primary target organs. m-Xylene (m-XYL) has been shown to alter @entity2 ( @entity2 ) activity in an organ- and isozyme-specific manner. The purpose of this work was to determine if the metabolism of m-XYL to the inhibitory metabolite m- @entity6 (m- @entity3 ) is the cause of inhibition of @entity2 isozymes following in vivo inhalation exposure to m-XYL (100, 300 ppm), @entity7 ( @entity7 ) (50, 100 ppm), or m- @entity3 (50, 100 ppm). A single 6-h inhalation exposure of @entity0 to m-XYL inhibited pulmonary CYPs 2B1, 2E1, and 4B1 in a dose-dependent manner. Inhalation of @entity7 inhibited pulmonary CYPs 2B1 and 4B1 in a dose-dependent manner. m- @entity3 inhibited pulmonary CYPs 2B1 and 2E1 in a dose-dependent manner, while 4B1 activity was increased dose dependently. Nasal mucosa @entity2 2B1 and 2E1 activity was inhibited following exposure to m-XYL dose dependently, @entity7 inhibited nasal mucosa CYPs 2E1 and 4B1 dose dependently. CYPs 2B1, 2E1, and 4B1 were inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion following inhalation of m- @entity3 . Following high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, m- @entity3 was detected after in vivo exposure to m-XYL, m- @entity3 , and @entity7 in a dose-dependent manner, with highest m- @entity3 levels in the nasal mucosa and lung. Alteration of @entity2 activity by m-XYL could result in increased or decreased @entity1 , changing the metabolic profiles of xenobiotics in coexposure scenarios in an organ-specific manner.

title: Inhibition of @entity0 respiratory-tract XXXX isozymes following inhalation of m-Xylene: possible role of metabolites.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 is used as a solvent in paints, cleaning agents, and @entity5 . Exposure occurs primarily by inhalation. The volatility and lipophilicity of the xylenes make the lung and nasal mucosa the primary target organs. m-Xylene (m-XYL) has been shown to alter @entity2 ( @entity2 ) activity in an organ- and isozyme-specific manner. The purpose of this work was to determine if the metabolism of m-XYL to the inhibitory metabolite m- @entity6 (m- @entity3 ) is the cause of inhibition of @entity2 isozymes following in vivo inhalation exposure to m-XYL (100, 300 ppm), @entity7 ( @entity7 ) (50, 100 ppm), or m- @entity3 (50, 100 ppm). A single 6-h inhalation exposure of @entity0 to m-XYL inhibited pulmonary CYPs 2B1, 2E1, and 4B1 in a dose-dependent manner. Inhalation of @entity7 inhibited pulmonary CYPs 2B1 and 4B1 in a dose-dependent manner. m- @entity3 inhibited pulmonary CYPs 2B1 and 2E1 in a dose-dependent manner, while 4B1 activity was increased dose dependently. Nasal mucosa @entity2 2B1 and 2E1 activity was inhibited following exposure to m-XYL dose dependently, @entity7 inhibited nasal mucosa CYPs 2E1 and 4B1 dose dependently. CYPs 2B1, 2E1, and 4B1 were inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion following inhalation of m- @entity3 . Following high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, m- @entity3 was detected after in vivo exposure to m-XYL, m- @entity3 , and @entity7 in a dose-dependent manner, with highest m- @entity3 levels in the nasal mucosa and lung. Alteration of @entity2 activity by m-XYL could result in increased or decreased @entity1 , changing the metabolic profiles of xenobiotics in coexposure scenarios in an organ-specific manner.

title: Inhibition of XXXX respiratory-tract @entity2 isozymes following inhalation of m-Xylene: possible role of metabolites.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Some @entity0 lose chimerism following nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), yet, surprisingly, enjoy sustained @entity1 remissions. We hypothesized that host-versus-graft (HVG) alloresponses might induce antitumor effects against @entity1 . We explored this question in @entity2 by administering recipient leukocyte infusions (RLIs) to mixed chimeras established with nonmyeloablative conditioning. Mixed chimeras were prepared in the B10.A (H2a)-->B6 (H2b) strain combination using depleting anti-T-cell monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), @entity4 , and thymic irradiation. B6 @entity7 cells (MMB3.19) were administered 7 days following donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or @entity8 on day 35. Conversion to full donor chimerism occurred without @entity6 ( @entity6 ) following DLI, whereas @entity8 led to loss of chimerism. Both @entity8 and DLI significantly delayed @entity1 mortality. In another strain combination (B10.BR [H2k]-->BALB/c [H2d]), @entity8 -induced or spontaneous loss of chimerism was associated with antitumor effects against the host-type B-cell lymphoma A20. HCT was essential for the antitumor effect of @entity8 . @entity8 induced elevated serum @entity3 ( @entity3 ) levels, and recipient-derived @entity3 was critical for their antitumor effects. Thus, HVG reactions (spontaneous or induced by @entity8 ) mediate antitumor effects against @entity5 via a recipient-derived @entity3 -mediated mechanism. A novel approach to achieving anti- @entity1 effects without the risk of @entity6 is suggested.

title: Antitumor effect of donor marrow graft rejection induced by recipient leukocyte infusions in mixed chimeras prepared with nonmyeloablative conditioning: critical role for recipient-derived XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: During the noninvasive assessment of myocardial viability with @entity4 metabolic imaging, adequate regulation of metabolic conditions is needed to ensure optimal image quality. The aim of this study was to compare the feasibility and image quality of cardiac @entity8 -FDG SPECT imaging using acipimox in @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity0 without @entity1 . METHODS: Seventy @entity0 with @entity2 underwent @entity4 SPECT using acipimox for the assessment of myocardial viability, followed by resting 2-dimensional echocardiography to identify dysfunctional myocardial tissue. The image quality was scored visually and quantitatively; the myocardium-to-background ratio was determined by region-of-interest analysis. The plasma concentrations of @entity3 and free @entity5 were determined to evaluate the metabolic conditions before and during @entity4 imaging. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity0 had @entity1 ; of these, 12 had @entity6 and 22 had @entity7 . The remaining 36 @entity0 had no @entity1 . During @entity4 SPECT, no severe side effects occurred. Acipimox significantly lowered plasma levels of free @entity5 in both groups. Fifteen of 34 @entity0 with @entity1 had a plasma @entity3 level > 9 mmol/L, which was lowered successfully in all @entity0 with additional insulin. Visual evaluation of the @entity4 images showed good, moderate, and poor image quality in 27, 5, and 2 @entity0 , respectively, with @entity1 and in 32, 4, and 0 @entity0 , respectively, without @entity1 (P = not statistically significant). The myocardium-to-background ratio of @entity4 SPECT images was comparable in @entity0 with and without @entity1 (3.1 +/- 1.0 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.9, P = not statistically significant). The type of @entity1 had no influence on @entity8 -FDG image quality. CONCLUSION: @entity4 SPECT metabolic imaging after acipimox is safe and practical for routine assessment of viability in @entity0 with @entity2 . Image quality is good, even in @entity0 with @entity1 , although additional insulin is sometimes needed.

title: Effect of XXXX on myocardial @entity4 SPECT using acipimox for the assessment of myocardial viability.

answer: @entity1


abstract: During the noninvasive assessment of myocardial viability with @entity4 metabolic imaging, adequate regulation of metabolic conditions is needed to ensure optimal image quality. The aim of this study was to compare the feasibility and image quality of cardiac @entity8 -FDG SPECT imaging using acipimox in @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity0 without @entity1 . METHODS: Seventy @entity0 with @entity2 underwent @entity4 SPECT using acipimox for the assessment of myocardial viability, followed by resting 2-dimensional echocardiography to identify dysfunctional myocardial tissue. The image quality was scored visually and quantitatively; the myocardium-to-background ratio was determined by region-of-interest analysis. The plasma concentrations of @entity3 and free @entity5 were determined to evaluate the metabolic conditions before and during @entity4 imaging. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity0 had @entity1 ; of these, 12 had @entity6 and 22 had @entity7 . The remaining 36 @entity0 had no @entity1 . During @entity4 SPECT, no severe side effects occurred. Acipimox significantly lowered plasma levels of free @entity5 in both groups. Fifteen of 34 @entity0 with @entity1 had a plasma @entity3 level > 9 mmol/L, which was lowered successfully in all @entity0 with additional insulin. Visual evaluation of the @entity4 images showed good, moderate, and poor image quality in 27, 5, and 2 @entity0 , respectively, with @entity1 and in 32, 4, and 0 @entity0 , respectively, without @entity1 (P = not statistically significant). The myocardium-to-background ratio of @entity4 SPECT images was comparable in @entity0 with and without @entity1 (3.1 +/- 1.0 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.9, P = not statistically significant). The type of @entity1 had no influence on @entity8 -FDG image quality. CONCLUSION: @entity4 SPECT metabolic imaging after acipimox is safe and practical for routine assessment of viability in @entity0 with @entity2 . Image quality is good, even in @entity0 with @entity1 , although additional insulin is sometimes needed.

title: Effect of @entity1 on myocardial XXXX SPECT using acipimox for the assessment of myocardial viability.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Longitudinal endolymph flow rate in the @entity0 cochlea was measured by determining the rate of migration of extrinsic ions, @entity5 ( @entity2 ) or @entity3 , with a @entity1 sensitive @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Low concentrations of iontophoretically injected @entity2 were detected with the @entity4 at various distances from the injection electrode. The results were variable when the @entity4 was used to record spread of @entity2 from turn II to turn I and vice versa. However, consistent data were obtained when the @entity2 spread was measured at different electrode separations (0.2, 0.5, 0.7 mm) within turn II. Electrode locations were systematically exchanged without changing their distance, i.e. the @entity4 electrode was placed basally or apically with respect to the @entity2 electrode. Comparison of data with a model, which combines the bulk diffusion of @entity2 and the flow of endolymph, is consistent with a rate of endolymph flow in turn II of about 0.2 mm/min, apex to base. A similar value was also obtained with the iontophoretic injection of @entity3 . The endolymph flow rate may be different in turn I as indicated by measurements of compound action potential (CAP) changes. However, the results of experiments when @entity2 spread is measured at large distances must be interpreted cautiously because @entity2 may enter cellular walls of the cochlear duct and alternative routes of transport may be involved.

title: Longitudinal flow of endolymph measured by distribution of @entity5 and XXXX in scala media.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Longitudinal endolymph flow rate in the @entity0 cochlea was measured by determining the rate of migration of extrinsic ions, @entity5 ( @entity2 ) or @entity3 , with a @entity1 sensitive @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Low concentrations of iontophoretically injected @entity2 were detected with the @entity4 at various distances from the injection electrode. The results were variable when the @entity4 was used to record spread of @entity2 from turn II to turn I and vice versa. However, consistent data were obtained when the @entity2 spread was measured at different electrode separations (0.2, 0.5, 0.7 mm) within turn II. Electrode locations were systematically exchanged without changing their distance, i.e. the @entity4 electrode was placed basally or apically with respect to the @entity2 electrode. Comparison of data with a model, which combines the bulk diffusion of @entity2 and the flow of endolymph, is consistent with a rate of endolymph flow in turn II of about 0.2 mm/min, apex to base. A similar value was also obtained with the iontophoretic injection of @entity3 . The endolymph flow rate may be different in turn I as indicated by measurements of compound action potential (CAP) changes. However, the results of experiments when @entity2 spread is measured at large distances must be interpreted cautiously because @entity2 may enter cellular walls of the cochlear duct and alternative routes of transport may be involved.

title: Longitudinal flow of endolymph measured by distribution of XXXX and @entity3 in scala media.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Data on @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity3 are conflicting as most previous studies collectively evaluated eugonadal and @entity4 @entity0 of both sexes, with or without active disease. We have evaluated @entity1 in 152 acromegalic @entity0 of both sexes with varying disease activity and gonadal status. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, retrospective. @entity0 : We studied 152 acromegalic @entity0 (99 @entity0 aged 26-72 years, and 53 @entity0 aged 21-75 years), 107 with active and 45 with controlled disease. Eighty-five @entity0 had normal gonadal status and 67 were @entity4 . MEASUREMENTS: In all @entity0 we measured serum GH levels by immunoenzimometric assay, and serum @entity2 levels by radioimmunoassay. @entity1 was assessed at spine L2-L4 (LS) and at femoral neck (FN) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; results are expressed as Z-values. RESULTS: We evaluated the effect of GH excess on bone at different sites in relation to gonadal status, disease activity and gender. At LS, in respect to the reference population, @entity1 (mean +/- SE) values were higher in eugonadal @entity0 (active: 0.71 +/- 0.29, P < 0.02; controlled: 0.65 +/- 0.28, P < 0.05) and lower in @entity4 ones (active: -0.64 +/- 0.35, 0.1 < P < 0.05; controlled: -1.05 +/- 0.36, P < 0.01), regardless of disease activity. On the contrary, at FN, @entity1 was higher than in the reference population, both in eugonadal (1.01 +/- 0.22, P < 0.001) and @entity4 (0.63 +/- 0.17, P < 0.001) @entity0 only in subjects with active disease, but not in those in which the disease was controlled (eugonadal: 0.31 +/- 0.23, P = ns; @entity4 0.04 +/- 0.28, P = ns). We did not observe any difference in @entity1 values according to gender both at LS (males vs. females -0.02 +/- 0.30 vs. 0.01 +/- 0.24, P = ns) or at FN (0.77 +/- 0.19 vs. 0.63 +/- 0.15, P = ns). CONCLUSIONS: The anabolic effect of GH excess on bone in acromegalic @entity0 is: (i) gender-independent; (ii) evident at the spine only in eugonadal regardless of disease activity; (iii) evident at femoral neck only in the presence of active disease regardless of gonadal status.

title: Bone mineral density in XXXX : the effect of gender, disease activity and gonadal status.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict optimum @entity1 in @entity0 being managed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). @entity0 AND METHODS: The study included 82 @entity0 with @entity1 who were being treated by ESWL. Data (input and output values) from 60 @entity0 in whom there was optimum fragmentation of stones by ESWL were used for training the ANN. These data mainly included the 24-h urinary variables, the radiological features of the stone disease and the ESWL settings used. The predictability of the trained ANN was tested on 22 subsequent @entity0 , by supplying the input variables of the 22 @entity0 into the trained ANN and recording the output values (predicted values). After subjecting these @entity0 to ESWL, the actual results (observed values) were recorded. The predicted and the observed values were then compared. RESULTS: In the 22 @entity0 in whom predictability was tested, the trained ANN predicted optimum fragmentation at < or = 13 000 shocks/stone (as per study protocol) in 17 and optimum fragmentation at> 13 000 shocks/stone in the other five. In the 17 @entity0 (test set) where the trained ANN had predicted optimum fragmentation at < or = 13 000 shocks/stone, the optimum fragmentation was at that value, although the predicted and observed values were not identical. The overall correlation between the predicted and the observed values was 75.5% (correlation coefficient 0.7547) in these 17 @entity0 . Of the other five @entity0 , none had optimum fragmentation at < 13 000 shocks/stone, as predicted by the trained ANN, giving complete accuracy for this factor. CONCLUSION: This was a pilot study, i.e. an initial attempt to use an ANN in this regard, and although there were few @entity0 , such that it is not possible to make final recommendations, the overall predictability was approximately 75%. An encouraging outcome of the study was that the trained ANN identified @entity0 unlikely to benefit from ESWL. Using a larger dataset and identifying more significant variables, while eliminating inputs with a negative effect, the efficiency and utility of this ANN can probably be enhanced and in future it might be possible to predict stone fragmentation with reasonable accuracy.

title: Artificial neural networks in predicting optimum XXXX by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a preliminary study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to compare the results of treatment by local excision of two different clinical stages of the @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity0 with early @entity2 were operated on during the last 26 years using different methods of local excision. The @entity2 were initially assessed as not-exceeding the muscularis layer of the rectal wall. The @entity1 , localized up to 12 cm from the anal margin, were removed by means of "parachute" excision (47 @entity0 ). In 6 @entity0 , @entity2 localized in the central part of rectum, was excised by means of the Localio method. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery was applied in 5 cases of @entity2 localized on the depth of 5-20 cm from the anal margin. RESULTS: After local excision the @entity0 were divided into two groups: I, @entity1 of @entity1 , not exceeding submucosal layer (26 @entity0 ); II, @entity1 of low or median degree of @entity1 with infiltration of muscularis layer (32 @entity0 ). There was a significant difference in @entity1 relapses between groups I and II. One @entity0 in group I and 9 in group II developed local recurrences (P < 0.05) and 5 @entity0 in group II had neoplastic dissemination (15.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Best results were obtained in @entity0 with @entity2 not exceeding submucosal membrane. In cases of rectal muscular layer infiltrations, the risk of @entity2 relapses was markedly higher. The use of transanal endoscopic microsurgery has permitted @entity1 from the upper rectum.

title: Local excision of XXXX not-exceeding the muscularis layer.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) due to gram-positive bacteria are fairly uncommon. In order to investigate the efficacy of treatment for @entity4 secondary to gram-positive rods, we performed a non-comparative study on the effect of @entity10 in 64 @entity0 with gram-positive @entity4 . @entity0 with a history of @entity1 to cephalosporins and @entity3 as well as @entity0 who had received antibiotic treatment within 48 hours after the administration of @entity10 , @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity0 with fatal progressive disease were excluded from the study. @entity4 was confirmed by positive cultures with a colony count of greater than or equal to 100,000 cfu/ml of gram-positive organisms before treatment with @entity10 . When @entity5 or @entity6 occurred after two days of hospitalization, the @entity4 was considered nosocomial. The most common microorganism isolated was @entity7 , followed by @entity8 . 30% of the @entity0 showed polymicrobic @entity6 , especially in association with gram-negative bacteria (70%). A high frequency of predisposing factors was present in the urinary tract, mainly obstruction, indwelling catheters, surgery and chronic debilitating diseases. Seven @entity0 developed @entity9 . All @entity0 were treated with @entity10 i.m. or i.v. at a daily dosage ranging between 4 and 12 g. Urine cultures were repeated five days after the beginning of treatment and again two to three weeks after the end.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX for the treatment of gram-positive @entity4 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) due to gram-positive bacteria are fairly uncommon. In order to investigate the efficacy of treatment for @entity4 secondary to gram-positive rods, we performed a non-comparative study on the effect of @entity10 in 64 @entity0 with gram-positive @entity4 . @entity0 with a history of @entity1 to cephalosporins and @entity3 as well as @entity0 who had received antibiotic treatment within 48 hours after the administration of @entity10 , @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity0 with fatal progressive disease were excluded from the study. @entity4 was confirmed by positive cultures with a colony count of greater than or equal to 100,000 cfu/ml of gram-positive organisms before treatment with @entity10 . When @entity5 or @entity6 occurred after two days of hospitalization, the @entity4 was considered nosocomial. The most common microorganism isolated was @entity7 , followed by @entity8 . 30% of the @entity0 showed polymicrobic @entity6 , especially in association with gram-negative bacteria (70%). A high frequency of predisposing factors was present in the urinary tract, mainly obstruction, indwelling catheters, surgery and chronic debilitating diseases. Seven @entity0 developed @entity9 . All @entity0 were treated with @entity10 i.m. or i.v. at a daily dosage ranging between 4 and 12 g. Urine cultures were repeated five days after the beginning of treatment and again two to three weeks after the end.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity10 for the treatment of gram-positive XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is the first cause of surgical abdomen in childhood but diagnosis continues to be difficult in some cases. Abdominal ultrasonography has been shown to be useful when there is doubt about the diagnosis and can be quickly and easily performed at the @entity0 's bedside. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of abdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of @entity2 in our hospital. @entity0 AND METHODS: All @entity0 who visited the emergency department for @entity1 and who underwent abdominal ultrasonography to rule out @entity2 between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2000 were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: During the study period, 4217 @entity0 were evaluated in our service for @entity1 . Ultrasonography was performed in 528 @entity0 . Of these, the procedure was performed to rule out @entity2 in 308 @entity0 . Of these 308 @entity0 who met the study's inclusion criteria, the results of ultrasonography were compatible with @entity2 in 102 and were normal in 196. Ultrasonographic diagnosis differed from the final diagnosis in 16 @entity0 . In eight @entity0 with ultrasonographic findings suggestive of @entity2 , laparotomy revealed normal appendices. In the remaining eight @entity0 , ultrasonographic findings were normal and surgery revealed @entity2 . Based on these findings, the diagnostic yield of abdominal ultrasonography was: sensitivity: 96.6 %; specificity: 95.9 %, positive predictive value: 86 %; negative predictive value: 95.9 %. CONCLUSIONS: The overall diagnostic yield of abdominal ultrasonography in @entity2 our hospital is acceptable. Because ultrasonographic diagnosis is not always accurate, others diagnostic methods such as computed tomography should be used in doubtful cases.

title: [Diagnostic yield of abdominal ultrasonography in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The normal steady state production of natural killer (NK) cells in the bone marrow and spleen was characterized with cytokinetic technics. We developed a protocol to enrich for NK cells in bone marrow and demonstrate that target binding can be used as a criterion for marrow NK cells if nonspecifically "sticky" cells are eliminated. The selected population of B cell-depleted bone marrow lymphoid cells was comprised mainly of lymphocytes, of which 80% were NK-1.1+. B cell-depleted bone marrow lymphocytes that bound to @entity3 could be characterized as two populations on the basis of morphology and proliferative status: large, proliferating target-binding cells (TBC), of which 25% were in S phase of the mitotic cycle, and small postmitotic TBC. Pulse and chase studies indicated that the small TBC in bone marrow were derived from an immediate proliferating precursor, presumably the large TBC, which were, in turn, derived from a precursor population that was more rapidly proliferating. In contrast, few if any @entity2 were labeled after a 30-min pulse with @entity1 and significant numbers of labeled TBC did not appear in the spleen until 2 or more days after the pulse label. Surprisingly, some of the @entity2 were relatively long lived and survived 2 mo or longer. These studies are the first to directly characterize the production of NK cells in situ in normal marrow. We demonstrate that the marrow is the primary site of production of NK cells and that little, if any, proliferation of NK cells occurs in the periphery of unstimulated @entity0 . The data suggest the existence in the bone marrow of at least three compartments in the NK lineage: a rapidly proliferating NK precursor population, a less rapidly proliferating population of large TBC, and a population of small postmitotic TBC.

title: The primary role of XXXX bone marrow in the production of natural killer cells. A cytokinetic study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A case of @entity3 causing right @entity12 is described. A 72-year-old @entity0 was admitted because of @entity10 , some ecchymoses, and marked anasarca. Her liver was palpable four fingerbreadths below her costal margin. Laboratory findings included @entity5 , marked @entity7 , and an increase in @entity11 degradation products due to disseminated @entity9 . Two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated a solid mass in the right ventricle, which protruded into the right atrium and main pulmonary artery. Right @entity12 and @entity8 were demonstrated by contrast echocardiography. These findings were confirmed by CT scans, RI angiography, and contrast angiography. The mass was partially resected from her right ventricle and her tricuspid valve was replaced successfully, but she died of @entity4 three weeks after surgery. At autopsy, @entity3 and cardiac @entity1 were verified. To date, only eight cases with initial symptoms of @entity6 due to right @entity12 caused by metastatic @entity2 have been reported. Very rarely have @entity13 resulted in disseminated @entity9 .

title: [Metastatic XXXX to the right ventricle causing obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract and associated with disseminated @entity9 : a case report].

answer: @entity3


abstract: A case of @entity3 causing right @entity12 is described. A 72-year-old @entity0 was admitted because of @entity10 , some ecchymoses, and marked anasarca. Her liver was palpable four fingerbreadths below her costal margin. Laboratory findings included @entity5 , marked @entity7 , and an increase in @entity11 degradation products due to disseminated @entity9 . Two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated a solid mass in the right ventricle, which protruded into the right atrium and main pulmonary artery. Right @entity12 and @entity8 were demonstrated by contrast echocardiography. These findings were confirmed by CT scans, RI angiography, and contrast angiography. The mass was partially resected from her right ventricle and her tricuspid valve was replaced successfully, but she died of @entity4 three weeks after surgery. At autopsy, @entity3 and cardiac @entity1 were verified. To date, only eight cases with initial symptoms of @entity6 due to right @entity12 caused by metastatic @entity2 have been reported. Very rarely have @entity13 resulted in disseminated @entity9 .

title: [Metastatic @entity3 to the right ventricle causing obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract and associated with disseminated XXXX : a case report].

answer: @entity9


abstract: The acoustic @entity1 (ASR) is a transient motor response to an unexpected, intensive stimulus. The response is determined by stimulus parameters such as its intensity, rise time and duration. The dependence of the ASR on the stimulus duration is more complex than could be assumed from physical properties of acoustic pulse. This effect attracted the attention of few researchers. Some authors reported noticeable changes in the ASR amplitude only for very short (less than 4-6 ms) acoustic pulses. The systematic studies on the effect, however, have not been performed so far. The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent the ASR parameters are affected by the durations of the short stimulus. The amplitude of the acoustic @entity1 reflex was assessed for a fixed tonal frequency (6.9 kHz), and for a variety of stimulus durations ranging between 2 and 10 ms. ASRs were studied in 11 adult, hooded @entity0 exposed to a sequence of tone pulses (110 dB SPL) of different durations, presented in random order, with or without 70 dB white noise as a background. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between ASR amplitudes for different durations. The @entity1 amplitude increased with acoustic pulse duration and distinguishable differences were seen for stimulus duration between 2 and 8 ms. Further increase of pulse duration had no effect on ASR amplitude. The same pattern of changes was observed when the acoustic stimulus was presented with the white noise. In the tested range of stimulus duration no significant differences in the ASR latency were found. The observed differences may be attributed to changes of stimulus acoustic energy and to physiological characteristic of auditory system in the @entity0 .

title: Startle response to short acoustic stimuli in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: 10- to 12-week-old @entity0 @entity3 were microdissected so that a passage was opened between the outer environment and the anterior chamber which rendered free access of tissue culture medium to the endothelial cell monolayer. The dissected eye globes were maintained in organ culture for 24 h in the continuous presence of tritiated @entity4 . Cross sections were cut through the whole eye globes and subjected to autoradiographic analysis in order to estimate the mitogenic response of @entity0 embryonic corneal endothelial cells to externally supplied growth factors and hormones. It was found that the corneal endothelial cells could be stimulated to initiate DNA synthesis by exposure to @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The @entity4 -labelling index doubled after @entity2 supplementation. Northern blot analysis revealed the abundant presence of @entity5 transcripts in the posterior eye. In contrast, the anterior portion of the eye, including the @entity1 , contains barely detectable levels of @entity5 transcripts. @entity2 transcripts were detected in both parts of the eye at much lower concentrations than those for @entity5 . No insulin transcripts were found. These results demonstrate that mRNA for both @entity2 and @entity5 is present in the late first trimester eye. The observed stimulatory effects of @entity2 in organ culture suggest that local production of @entity2 and @entity5 may stimulate cell proliferation in vivo.

title: Stimulatory effects of insulin-like growth factors on DNA synthesis in the XXXX embryonic cornea.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The eyes of certain marine gastropods including Aplysia and Bulla, contain circadian pacemakers, which produce a circadian rhythm of autogenous @entity1 ( @entity1 ) activity. The CAPs are generated by the synchronous spike discharge of a distinctive population of retinal pacemaker neurons whose axons convey the @entity1 activity to the CNS. When @entity1 activity is recorded from a preparation with eyes attached to the CNS, the @entity1 activity is modulated by efferent activity. In this study we have identified FMRF- @entity0 -like immunoreactive efferent axons in the optic nerves of Bulla. These axons arborize in the basal retinal neuropil adjacent to the pacemaker neurons and are in a position to make synaptic contacts with their dendrites. Similar immunoreactive fibers are not observed in Aplysia eyes. Exogenous FMRF- @entity0 at micromolar concentrations suppresses ongoing @entity1 activity in isolated eyes but does not suppress the ERG or phase shift the circadian rhythm of @entity1 activity. Intracellular recordings from the retinal pacemaker neurons reveal that FMRF- @entity0 hyperpolarizes the membrane potential, suppresses spike discharge, and decreases the input resistance, suggesting that a K conductance is increased. Electrical stimulation of the region of the cerebral ganglion that contains FMRF- @entity0 immunoreactive neurons suppresses ongoing @entity1 activity. All these results are consistent with the idea that the FMRF- @entity0 immunoreactive central neurons and their axons provide a pathway for efferent modulation of the @entity1 rhythm generated by the retinal pacemaker neurons.

title: FMRF- XXXX -like immunoreactive efferent fibers and FMRF- @entity0 suppression of pacemaker neurons in eyes of Bulla.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The eyes of certain marine gastropods including Aplysia and Bulla, contain circadian pacemakers, which produce a circadian rhythm of autogenous @entity1 ( @entity1 ) activity. The CAPs are generated by the synchronous spike discharge of a distinctive population of retinal pacemaker neurons whose axons convey the @entity1 activity to the CNS. When @entity1 activity is recorded from a preparation with eyes attached to the CNS, the @entity1 activity is modulated by efferent activity. In this study we have identified FMRF- @entity0 -like immunoreactive efferent axons in the optic nerves of Bulla. These axons arborize in the basal retinal neuropil adjacent to the pacemaker neurons and are in a position to make synaptic contacts with their dendrites. Similar immunoreactive fibers are not observed in Aplysia eyes. Exogenous FMRF- @entity0 at micromolar concentrations suppresses ongoing @entity1 activity in isolated eyes but does not suppress the ERG or phase shift the circadian rhythm of @entity1 activity. Intracellular recordings from the retinal pacemaker neurons reveal that FMRF- @entity0 hyperpolarizes the membrane potential, suppresses spike discharge, and decreases the input resistance, suggesting that a K conductance is increased. Electrical stimulation of the region of the cerebral ganglion that contains FMRF- @entity0 immunoreactive neurons suppresses ongoing @entity1 activity. All these results are consistent with the idea that the FMRF- @entity0 immunoreactive central neurons and their axons provide a pathway for efferent modulation of the @entity1 rhythm generated by the retinal pacemaker neurons.

title: FMRF- @entity0 -like immunoreactive efferent fibers and FMRF- XXXX suppression of pacemaker neurons in eyes of Bulla.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of self-reported changes in life satisfaction after @entity2 , to analyse associations between satisfaction with life as a whole and with domains in life, and to identify important contributors for satisfaction with life. DESIGN: Retrospective follow-up study. SETTING: Rehabilitation hospital three years after @entity2 . SUBJECTS: Sixty-nine subjects with severe @entity2 (ISS > or = 16). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical examinations to reveal prevalences of @entity1 . Questionnaires about satisfaction with life as a whole and eight domains of life, both for the time before @entity0 , and for the actual situation; sense of coherence (SOC-13); social network. RESULTS: A total of 87% experienced a decrease in at least one of the nine life satisfaction items from before to after @entity0 (six-graded scale). After @entity0 significantly fewer subjects reported to be satisfied with life as a whole, as well as the domains sexual life, ADL, contact with friends, leisure, vocational and financial situation. Satisfaction with family life and partner relationship did not decrease significantly. The most important domains after @entity0 were satisfaction with leisure, family life and vocation. Vocational and @entity1 after @entity0 were important determinants for satisfaction with life as a whole. A strong sense of coherence and sufficient social network quality had significant impact on satisfaction with life as a whole and some of the domain-specific satisfactions. CONCLUSIONS: Both personal resources (a strong sense of coherence) and the presence of a qualitatively sufficient social network can buffer the negative influence of disabilities on life satisfaction after @entity0 .

title: Life satisfaction several years after severe XXXX --a retrospective investigation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 , @entity6 and @entity5 are three effective @entity2 -antagonists in the treatment of @entity4 . We compared their effects on effort @entity4 to evaluate whether one of them is more efficacious. The data were collected from 42 @entity0 (37 males, 5 females; mean age 51 +/- 4) entering one of 3 different trials; the beginning of all trials comprised a two-week, single blind, placebo run-in phase. An exercise stress test was performed at the end of this period and it was considered as basal test for the statistical analysis. Then the 42 @entity0 were divided in 3 groups of 14 and entered a double-blind, randomized phase of drug treatment. The 3 groups started 3 parallel trials: 1) placebo/ @entity3 60 mg/day; 2) placebo/ @entity5 360 mg/day; 3) placebo/ @entity6 240 mg/day. The duration of each trial was of 6 weeks (3 weeks of treatment with placebo and 3 weeks with active substance). Exercise stress tests were performed at the end of each phase of the trials, and the resulting data were compared with the data of the test performed at the end of run-in period. Parameters evaluated were: heart rate, blood pressure and rate pressure product at basal conditions, at submaximal and peak exercise; moreover we considered workload, maximal @entity1 , total exercise duration and frequency of exercise-induced @entity4 . @entity5 reduced rate pressure product at basal condition; all three drugs reduced rate pressure product at submaximal exercise, but a significant statistical difference was found only for @entity5 and @entity6 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Comparative evaluation using an ergometric test of the efficacy of the 3 major @entity2 antagonists on exertion stable XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 , @entity6 and @entity5 are three effective @entity2 -antagonists in the treatment of @entity4 . We compared their effects on effort @entity4 to evaluate whether one of them is more efficacious. The data were collected from 42 @entity0 (37 males, 5 females; mean age 51 +/- 4) entering one of 3 different trials; the beginning of all trials comprised a two-week, single blind, placebo run-in phase. An exercise stress test was performed at the end of this period and it was considered as basal test for the statistical analysis. Then the 42 @entity0 were divided in 3 groups of 14 and entered a double-blind, randomized phase of drug treatment. The 3 groups started 3 parallel trials: 1) placebo/ @entity3 60 mg/day; 2) placebo/ @entity5 360 mg/day; 3) placebo/ @entity6 240 mg/day. The duration of each trial was of 6 weeks (3 weeks of treatment with placebo and 3 weeks with active substance). Exercise stress tests were performed at the end of each phase of the trials, and the resulting data were compared with the data of the test performed at the end of run-in period. Parameters evaluated were: heart rate, blood pressure and rate pressure product at basal conditions, at submaximal and peak exercise; moreover we considered workload, maximal @entity1 , total exercise duration and frequency of exercise-induced @entity4 . @entity5 reduced rate pressure product at basal condition; all three drugs reduced rate pressure product at submaximal exercise, but a significant statistical difference was found only for @entity5 and @entity6 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Comparative evaluation using an ergometric test of the efficacy of the 3 major XXXX antagonists on exertion stable @entity4 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It is worth distinguishing between the two strategies of expectant management for @entity1 . Watchful waiting entails administering non-curative @entity2 deprivation therapy to @entity0 on development of symptomatic progression, whereas active surveillance entails delivering curative treatment on signs of disease progression. The objectives of the two management strategies and the @entity0 enrolled in either are different: (i) to review the role of active surveillance as a management strategy for @entity0 with @entity1 ; and (ii) review the benefits and pitfalls of active surveillance. We carried out a systematic review of active surveillance for @entity1 in the literature using the National Center for Biotechnology Information's electronic database, PubMed. We carried out a search in English using the terms: active surveillance, @entity1 , watchful waiting and conservative management. Selected studies were required to have a comprehensive description of the demographic and disease characteristics of the @entity0 at the time of diagnosis, inclusion criteria for surveillance, and a protocol for the @entity0 ' follow up. Review articles were included, but not multiple papers from the same datasets. Active surveillance appears to reduce overtreatment in @entity0 with @entity1 without compromising cancer-specific survival at 10  years. Therefore, active surveillance is an option for select @entity0 who want to avoid the side-effects inherent to the different types of immediate treatment. However, inclusion criteria for active surveillance and the most appropriate method of monitoring @entity0 on active surveillance have not yet been standardized.

title: Active surveillance for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a frequent feature of acute @entity7 . Amylase and lipase values were determined in samples of bronchial secretions in two @entity0 with endotracheal intubation and under supportive ventilation for severe @entity4 occurring during the course of acute @entity7 . A @entity8 was suggested in both cases. In one case, an endoscopic retrograde pancreatography was performed and demonstrated a fistula between the pancreatic body and the left bronchial tree. Arterial pH values decreased following pancreatography. Splenopancreatectomy was performed in one case, and necrosectomy associated with @entity3 in the other. Documented cases of @entity2 have been rarely reported to date. A retrospective study of 10 @entity0 with @entity5 was made among 32 @entity0 undergoing laparotomy for objectively recognized necrotizing @entity7 . A @entity8 could be incriminated in three cases. This 30 p. 100 prevalence has to be re-evaluated in the light of serial determinations of amylase and lipase levels in @entity0 with ARD and endotracheal intubation in the course of @entity6 . In these @entity0 , high levels of amylase and lipase in bronchial secretions, the use of iso-osmolar X-ray colloids could be helpful in protecting the alveolar membrane against @entity1 during pancreatography.

title: [Acute @entity5 caused by @entity8 in acute XXXX . Apropos of 2 cases].

answer: @entity7


abstract: The @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a frequent feature of acute @entity7 . Amylase and lipase values were determined in samples of bronchial secretions in two @entity0 with endotracheal intubation and under supportive ventilation for severe @entity4 occurring during the course of acute @entity7 . A @entity8 was suggested in both cases. In one case, an endoscopic retrograde pancreatography was performed and demonstrated a fistula between the pancreatic body and the left bronchial tree. Arterial pH values decreased following pancreatography. Splenopancreatectomy was performed in one case, and necrosectomy associated with @entity3 in the other. Documented cases of @entity2 have been rarely reported to date. A retrospective study of 10 @entity0 with @entity5 was made among 32 @entity0 undergoing laparotomy for objectively recognized necrotizing @entity7 . A @entity8 could be incriminated in three cases. This 30 p. 100 prevalence has to be re-evaluated in the light of serial determinations of amylase and lipase levels in @entity0 with ARD and endotracheal intubation in the course of @entity6 . In these @entity0 , high levels of amylase and lipase in bronchial secretions, the use of iso-osmolar X-ray colloids could be helpful in protecting the alveolar membrane against @entity1 during pancreatography.

title: [Acute @entity5 caused by XXXX in acute @entity7 . Apropos of 2 cases].

answer: @entity8


abstract: The @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a frequent feature of acute @entity7 . Amylase and lipase values were determined in samples of bronchial secretions in two @entity0 with endotracheal intubation and under supportive ventilation for severe @entity4 occurring during the course of acute @entity7 . A @entity8 was suggested in both cases. In one case, an endoscopic retrograde pancreatography was performed and demonstrated a fistula between the pancreatic body and the left bronchial tree. Arterial pH values decreased following pancreatography. Splenopancreatectomy was performed in one case, and necrosectomy associated with @entity3 in the other. Documented cases of @entity2 have been rarely reported to date. A retrospective study of 10 @entity0 with @entity5 was made among 32 @entity0 undergoing laparotomy for objectively recognized necrotizing @entity7 . A @entity8 could be incriminated in three cases. This 30 p. 100 prevalence has to be re-evaluated in the light of serial determinations of amylase and lipase levels in @entity0 with ARD and endotracheal intubation in the course of @entity6 . In these @entity0 , high levels of amylase and lipase in bronchial secretions, the use of iso-osmolar X-ray colloids could be helpful in protecting the alveolar membrane against @entity1 during pancreatography.

title: [Acute XXXX caused by @entity8 in acute @entity7 . Apropos of 2 cases].

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Juglans mandshurica Maxim (Juglandaceae) is a famous folk medicine for @entity1 treatment and some natural compounds isolated from it have been studied extensively. Previously we isolated a type of   -9 @entity8 (JA) from the bark of J. mandshurica, however little is known about its activity and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we studied anti- @entity1 activity of JA on several @entity0 @entity1 cell lines. Results showed that JA is cytotoxic to HepG2, MDA-MB-231, SGC-7901, A549 and Huh7 cells at a concentration exerting minimal toxic effects on L02 cells. The selective toxicity of JA was better than other classical anti- @entity1 drugs. Further investigation indicated that JA could induce cell apoptosis, characterized by chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and activation of the apoptosis-associated proteins such as @entity3 and @entity12 . Moreover, we investigated the cellular apoptosis pathway involved in the apoptosis process in HepG2 cells. We found that proteins involved in mitochondrion (cleaved- @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity14 /Omi, @entity4 , and Mitochondrial @entity4 ) and endocytoplasmic reticulum (XBP-1s, @entity5 , cleaved- @entity13 and cleaved-Caspase-12) apoptotic pathways were up-regulated when cells were treated by JA. In addition, a morphological change in the mitochondrion was detected. Furthermore, we found that JA could inhibit DNA synthesis and induce G2/M cell cycle arrest. The expression of G2-to-M transition related proteins, such as @entity10 and phosphorylated- @entity11 , were reduced. In contrast, the G2-to-M inhibitor @entity7 was increased in JA-treated cells. Overall, our results suggest that JA can induce mitochondrion- and endocytoplasmic reticulum-mediated apoptosis, and G2/M phase arrest in HepG2 cells, making it a promising therapeutic agent against @entity2 .

title: JA, a new type of XXXX isolated from Juglans mandshurica Maxim, limits the survival and induces apoptosis of heptocarcinoma cells.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a @entity2 ( @entity2 ) system provides incentives for nonprofit providers of @entity1 treatment to select less severe clients into treatment. DATA SOURCES: The Maine Addiction Treatment System (MATS) standardized admission and discharge data provided by the Maine Office @entity1 ( @entity1 ) for fiscal years 1991-1995, provides demographic, @entity1 , and social functional information on clients of programs receiving public funding. STUDY DESIGN: We focused on @entity1 clients (i.e., those @entity0 whose treatment cost was covered by the funding from @entity1 ) and Medicaid clients in outpatient programs. Clients were identified as being "most severe" or not. We compared the likelihood for @entity1 clients to be "most severe" before @entity2 and after @entity2 using Medicaid clients as the control. Multivariate regression analysis was employed to predict the marginal effect of @entity2 on the probability of @entity1 clients being most severe after controlling for other factors. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The percentage of @entity1 outpatient clients classified as most severe users dropped by 7 percent (p < = 0.001) after the innovation of @entity2 compared to the increase of 2 percent for Medicaid clients. The regression results also showed that @entity2 had a significantly negative marginal effect on the probability of @entity1 clients being most severe. CONCLUSIONS: Performance-based contracting gave providers of @entity1 treatment financial incentives to treat less severe @entity1 clients in order to improve their performance outcomes. Fewer @entity1 clients with the greatest severity were treated in outpatient programs with the implementation of @entity2 . These results suggest that regulators, or payers, should evaluate programs comprehensively taking this type of selection behavior into consideration.

title: Selection incentives in a XXXX system.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 is an emerging zoonotic disease mainly of the Northern Hemisphere caused by the Gram-negative coccobacillus @entity4 . It is affecting a wide range of animals and causes @entity0 disease after insect and tick bites, skin contact, ingestion and inhalation. A 66-year-old @entity0 presented to our clinic with @entity1 and distinct @entity2 . After failure of empiric antibiotic therapy, thoracoscopic assisted decortication and partial excision of the middle lobe were conducted. Conventional culture methods and broad-range bacterial PCR including RipSeqMixed analysis were performed from the excised biopsies. Culture results remained negative but broad-range PCR targeting the first half of the 16S rRNA gene revealed @entity4 DNA. This result was confirmed by @entity4 -specific PCR and by serology. The source of infection could not be explored. To conclude, we report the rare clinical picture of a community-acquired @entity1 followed by @entity2 and @entity3 due to @entity4 . Broad range bacterial PCR proved to be a powerful diagnostic tool to detect the etiologic organism.

title: An unexpected cause for @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 is an emerging zoonotic disease mainly of the Northern Hemisphere caused by the Gram-negative coccobacillus @entity4 . It is affecting a wide range of animals and causes @entity0 disease after insect and tick bites, skin contact, ingestion and inhalation. A 66-year-old @entity0 presented to our clinic with @entity1 and distinct @entity2 . After failure of empiric antibiotic therapy, thoracoscopic assisted decortication and partial excision of the middle lobe were conducted. Conventional culture methods and broad-range bacterial PCR including RipSeqMixed analysis were performed from the excised biopsies. Culture results remained negative but broad-range PCR targeting the first half of the 16S rRNA gene revealed @entity4 DNA. This result was confirmed by @entity4 -specific PCR and by serology. The source of infection could not be explored. To conclude, we report the rare clinical picture of a community-acquired @entity1 followed by @entity2 and @entity3 due to @entity4 . Broad range bacterial PCR proved to be a powerful diagnostic tool to detect the etiologic organism.

title: An unexpected cause for XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interventions are needed to alleviate memory difficulty in @entity1 survivors. We previously showed in a phase III randomized clinical trial that YOCAS     yoga-a program that consists of breathing exercises, postures, and meditation-significantly improved sleep quality in @entity1 survivors. This study assessed the effects of YOCAS     on memory and identified relationships between memory and sleep. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Survivors were randomized to standard care (SC) or SC with YOCAS     . 328 @entity0 who provided data on the memory difficulty item of the @entity2 Anderson Symptom Inventory are included. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) determined the group effect of YOCAS     on memory difficulty compared with SC. @entity3 also determined moderation of baseline memory difficulty on postintervention sleep and vice versa. Path modeling assessed the mediating effects of changes in memory difficulty on YOCAS     changes in sleep and vice versa. RESULTS: YOCAS     significantly reduced memory difficulty at postintervention compared with SC (mean change: yoga=-0.60; SC=-0.16; P<.05). Baseline memory difficulty did not moderate the effects of postintervention sleep quality in YOCAS     compared with SC. Baseline sleep quality did moderate the effects of postintervention memory difficulty in YOCAS     compared with SC (P<.05). Changes in sleep quality was a significant mediator of reduced memory difficulty in YOCAS     compared with SC (P<.05); however, changes in memory difficulty did not significantly mediate improved sleep quality in YOCAS     compared with SC. CONCLUSIONS: In this large nationwide trial, YOCAS     yoga significantly reduced @entity0 -reported memory difficulty in @entity1 survivors.

title: YOCAS     Yoga Reduces Self-reported Memory Difficulty in XXXX Survivors in a Nationwide Randomized Clinical Trial: Investigating Relationships Between Memory and Sleep.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is a difference in the perception of @entity0 and functional disability between African Americans and Whites at any given radiographic severity of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Ethnic differences in utilization of joint replacement may reflect differences in the perception of symptoms of @entity2 . METHODS: A cross-sectional survey included 596 male veterans (44% African Americans and 56% Whites) with chronic moderate to severe knee and/or hip @entity0 at the General Medicine Clinics. The average age of the total cohort was 65.63 +/- 9.5 years. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity2 Index (WOMAC) for @entity0 and function were the primary outcome measures of interest. All knee and or hip radiographs were graded using the Kellgren-Lawrence (K/L) grading system. RESULTS: African Americans and Whites were comparable with respect to age (65 +/- 9.5 vs 66 +/- 9, respectively); body mass index > or = 30 kg/m2 (53.9% vs 58.8%); Lequesne severity score (11 +/- 4 vs 11 +/- 4); geriatric @entity1 score (4.5 +/- 3.3 vs 5.0 +/- 3.8) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (2.3 +/- 2 vs 2.5 +/- 2). African Americans had lower socioeconomic status with fewer high school graduates (57% vs 71%, p = 0.001), lower employment rate (8.4% vs 14.7%, p = 0.017), and lower total household incomes (41.4% vs 20.4% reported income <  10,000, p = 0.000). African Americans and Whites were not different in mean scores for @entity0 and WOMAC function when stratified by joint space narrowing, osteophyte and Kellgren Lawrence grades. After controlling for important covariates, ethnicity was not a significant predictor of @entity0 and function. CONCLUSION: In this sample of male veterans, African Americans and Whites perceived the same degree of @entity0 and functional difficulties at any given radiographic severity of @entity2 . Differences in the perception of symptoms cannot explain the observed ethnic disparity in utilization of joint replacement.

title: Is there a difference in the perception of symptoms between african americans and whites with XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity2 surgery, the facial nerve (FN) course varies among @entity0 , but a dorsal pattern is rarely observed. We retrospectively reviewed and classified 556 @entity2 operated on via a lateral suboccipital retrosigmoid (LSO) approach into two groups: dorsal (group D) and non-dorsal (group @entity3 ). The clinical features and outcomes including functional preservation of the FN, the extent of @entity1 resection, and the retreatment rate were compared. Among 556 cases, 21 (3.8  %) @entity0 with dorsal patterns were identified. No significant differences in clinical features or preoperative status were noted between groups D and @entity3 . No significant differences in functional FN preservation were found between groups D and @entity3 in the immediate postoperative period (90.5 and 83.0  %, respectively) or 1-year postoperatively (95.2 and 97.0  %, respectively). Compared with group @entity3 , the extent of @entity1 resection was significantly less (p   <   0.0001) and the retreatment rate was significantly higher in group D (hazard ratio, 33.6; 95  % confidence interval [CI], 11.7-96.1; p   <   0.0001). In one dorsal pattern case, surgical resection was abandoned based on the intraoperative findings. Dorsal displacement of the FN was accurately predicted with preoperative imaging evaluations in just two cases. Functional preservation of the FN during @entity2 surgery is achievable if the FN runs along the dorsal side of the @entity1 . However, a dorsal pattern, especially when the FN is broadened, is clearly associated with less complete @entity1 removal and a higher rate of retreatment than typical pattern cases.

title: Dorsal displacement of the facial nerve in XXXX surgery: clinical features and surgical outcomes of 21 consecutive dorsal pattern cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. The Vaseline-gap technique was used to record asymmetric charge movement in single white sternomastoid fibres of the @entity0 , both when the fibres were normally polarized (holding potential, -90 mV) and when they were subjected to prolonged depolarization (holding potential, 0 mV). 2. In normally polarized fibres, 10 microM- @entity2 suppressed substantial charge movement (charge 1) without any prior depolarization, showing that the asymmetric charge does not have to be activated for the drug to exert its action. 3. Examination of the charge moved over a potential range from -140 to +10 mV confirmed that @entity2 affects only that charge generated at potentials more positive than -60 mV. 4. It was shown that there was charge movement in fibres subjected to prolonged depolarization (charge 2), with the greatest movement of charge occurring at about -71 mV, and that this charge was unaffected by @entity2 . 5. The total capacitive charge, that is, the sum of 'linear' capacitive and asymmetric charges, moved between -90 and -80 mV, was the same in polarized and depolarized fibres. Furthermore, the amount of asymmetric charge moved between potentials in the range -140 to -70 mV was the same in polarized and depolarized fibres. These observations indicate that the asymmetric charge moved between -140 and -70 mV in polarized fibres (charge 1) and depolarized fibres (charge 2) are in fact the same charge movement. 6. These results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that prolonged depolarization or @entity2 can cause a transition between charge 1 and charge 2. The results also suggest that the charge movement involved in @entity1 release may be quite different from that usually assumed.

title: Asymmetric charge movement in polarized and depolarized muscle fibres of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy for preoperative locally advanced @entity1 (LARC) can improve the local control and overall survival rates. The purpose of this study is to compare the dosimetric differences among volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), fixed-field intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for the LARC. Ten LARC @entity0 treated in our department using the simultaneous escalate strategy were retrospectively analyzed in this study. All @entity0 had T3 with N+/- and were treated with IMRT. Two additional VMAT and 3DCRT plans were created for each @entity0 . VMAT plans were designed using SmartArc planning module. Both IMRT and SmartArc had similar optimization objectives. The prescription was 50 Gy to the planning clinical target volume ( @entity2 -C) and 56 Gy to the planning gross target volume ( @entity2 -G). The target coverage and organs at risk (OARs) were compared for all the techniques. The paired, two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied for statistical analysis. Results of this study indicate that IMRT and SmartArc were all significantly superior to 3DCRT in most of the relevant values evaluated of target response, OARs and normal tissue sparing. They provided comparable dosimetric parameters for target volume. But IMRT shows better sparing for OARs and normal tissue.

title: Dosimetric comparisons of VMAT, IMRT and 3DCRT for locally advanced XXXX with simultaneous integrated boost.

answer: @entity1


abstract: From September 1971 through December 1982, 153 @entity0 with @entity1 of the cervix underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy at two of the teaching hospitals of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Records were retrospectively analyzed and independent pathologic review was performed. All surgical procedures were performed by fellows or senior residents under the direct supervision of the gynecologic oncology staff of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center or the Naval Hospital, Bethesda, Maryland. In this series, IB @entity3 was defined as @entity6 clinically confined to the cervix with invasion greater than 5 mm from the basement membrane or any @entity5 confined to the cervix. The average age of the @entity0 was 38.3 years. The histologic types were squamous in 72%, @entity5 in 16%, and adenosquamous in 10.5%. The mean operating time was 5 hr and 40 min with an average @entity4 of 1800 cc. There were two ureterovaginal and two vesicovaginal fistulae for an overall fistula rate of 2.6%. Actuarial survival for these 153 @entity0 is 84%. This extends the previous series of R. C. Park, W. E. Patow, R. E. Rogers, and E. A. Zimmerman, Obstet. Gynecol. 41, 117-122 (1973) of 122 cases collected from 1961 to September 1971 to 275 cases. In comparing the two time periods, no significant differences were found in operative technique or complications, but there was a change in the incidence of @entity5 and mixed cell types and a difference in survival. A relatively higher incidence of @entity2 may indicate the need for different therapeutic approaches in the future.

title: Radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for XXXX of the cervix: 21 years experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pharmacological management of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is recommended according to the individualized assessment of symptoms and exacerbation risks. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the baseline Modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) @entity2 scale and the @entity1 Assessment Test (CAT) score and pharmacological treatment response in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 102 stable @entity1 @entity0 who were enrolled in prospective cohort studies were analyzed. Pharmacological treatment responses after a 3-month treatment were assessed by changes on the mMRC @entity2 scale, CAT scores, and spirometric pulmonary functions. RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity0 with a mMRC @entity2 scale  <=1 were classified as having "less @entity2 " and 40 @entity0 with a mMRC @entity2 scale >= 2 as having "more @entity2 ". After a 3-month treatment, the mean mMRC @entity2 scale in the "more @entity2 " group was significantly decreased versus the "less @entity2 " group; however, there were no significant differences in CAT score changes or spirometric pulmonary function changes between the two groups. Baseline mMRC scales (Spearman's rho =-0.591, P<0.001) and baseline CAT scores (Pearson's r =-0.337, P=0.001) were significantly correlated with their changes after a 3-month treatment. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that baseline mMRC scale and CAT score were the only independent predictors of improvement greater than a minimal clinically significant difference after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of @entity1 symptoms is associated with their response to pharmacotherapy. @entity1 @entity0 with a higher baseline mMRC @entity2 scale and CAT score experience greater symptom reduction by pharmacotherapy.

title: Pharmacological treatment response according to the severity of symptoms in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pharmacological management of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is recommended according to the individualized assessment of symptoms and exacerbation risks. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the baseline Modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) @entity2 scale and the @entity1 Assessment Test (CAT) score and pharmacological treatment response in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 102 stable @entity1 @entity0 who were enrolled in prospective cohort studies were analyzed. Pharmacological treatment responses after a 3-month treatment were assessed by changes on the mMRC @entity2 scale, CAT scores, and spirometric pulmonary functions. RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity0 with a mMRC @entity2 scale  <=1 were classified as having "less @entity2 " and 40 @entity0 with a mMRC @entity2 scale >= 2 as having "more @entity2 ". After a 3-month treatment, the mean mMRC @entity2 scale in the "more @entity2 " group was significantly decreased versus the "less @entity2 " group; however, there were no significant differences in CAT score changes or spirometric pulmonary function changes between the two groups. Baseline mMRC scales (Spearman's rho =-0.591, P<0.001) and baseline CAT scores (Pearson's r =-0.337, P=0.001) were significantly correlated with their changes after a 3-month treatment. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that baseline mMRC scale and CAT score were the only independent predictors of improvement greater than a minimal clinically significant difference after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of @entity1 symptoms is associated with their response to pharmacotherapy. @entity1 @entity0 with a higher baseline mMRC @entity2 scale and CAT score experience greater symptom reduction by pharmacotherapy.

title: Pharmacological treatment response according to the severity of symptoms in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although there is evidence of improved functional outcomes with our "integrated care pathway" for @entity1 , we do not know if there is a significant difference in functional recovery of activities of daily living and attainment of independence in self-care between @entity0 who underwent fixation and those treated with arthroplasty. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether such a difference exists in surgically fixed @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 treated surgically were divided into group A (internal fixation, n = 213) and group B (arthroplasty, n = 199). Demographic data, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score, time to surgery, and length of stay were recorded. Inpatient complications and mortality rates were also documented. Modified Barthel Index (MBI) scores were recorded for the following intervals: prefall, discharge, 6-month, and at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: The mean age (A: 80 years and B: 81years), CCI (A: 5.41 and B: 5.43), and length of stay (A: 13.6 days and B: 15.2 days) were not significantly different. However, there was a significant difference (P < .05) in time to surgery (A: 102.2 hours and B: 86.6 hours). Complication rates were about 6% in both groups (A = 6.57%: urinary infections = 13, wound infections = 1 and B = 6.03%: urinary infections = 10, wound infections = 1, pressure ulcer = 1). The preinjury MBI scores were significantly different (P < .05; A: 91.65 and B: 88.19), however, there was no significant difference in scores measured at discharge (A: 60.79 and B: 59.39), 6 months (A: 77.65 and B: 77.47) and 1 year (A: 80.71 and B: 83.03). @entity0 who underwent surgery for @entity1 had overall recovered 90.9% of their preinjury function (overall MBI at 1 year: 81.83). CONCLUSION: The MBI scores reflect the extent of attainment of independence in self-care, and actual functional recovery is gauged from the percentage of recovery of preinjury function at 1 year postsurgery. We conclude that the type of surgery may not be a significant factor in determining independence in self-care although @entity0 who had arthroplasty had recovered more function at 1 year postsurgery than those who underwent fixation (percentage recovery of preinjury function-A: 88.1% and B: 94.1%).

title: Fixation Versus Replacement in XXXX : Does Functional Outcome and Independence in Self-Care Differ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. When 12-to-21-year-olds start using prescription @entity0 relievers extra-medically, some of them transition into @entity1 within 12 months after such use. Our main aim for this epidemiological research on 12-to-21-year-olds in the United States (US) is to estimate the risk of becoming a newly incident case of @entity1 within 12 months after onset of using prescription @entity0 relievers extra-medically (EMPPR). Methods. Meta-analyses from multiple independent replication samples now are possible, based upon nationally representative survey samples of US adolescents age 12-21 years. All 12-to-21-year-olds were sampled and recruited for the US National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, with standardized assessments of EMPPR use and @entity1 (NSDUH, 2002-2013). Results. Peak risk for a transition from start of EMPPR use to @entity1 within 12 months is seen at mid-adolescence among 14-to-15-year-olds (6.3%, 8.7% per year), somewhat earlier than peak risk for starting EMPPR use (seen for 16-to-19-year-olds at 4.1%, 5.9% per year). Applied to 12-to-21-year-olds in the US between 2002-2013, an estimated 8 million started using PPR extra-medically. Each year, roughly 42,000 to 58,000 transitioned into @entity1 within 12 months after onset of such use. Discussion. These epidemiological estimates for the US in recent years teach us to expect one transition into adolescent-onset @entity1 within 12 months for every 11-16 newly incident EMPPR users, yielding perhaps 120 newly incident opioid dependent cases in need of practitioner attention or treatment services, each day of each year. This evidence can be used to motivate more effective public health prevention, outreach, and early intervention programs as might prevent or delay occurrence of EMPPR use and @entity1 .

title: Epidemiological evidence on extra-medical use of prescription XXXX relievers: transitions from newly incident use to dependence among 12-21 year olds in the United States using meta-analysis, 2002-13.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Incomplete @entity1 rotator cuff tears (ITRCT) adjacent to the bursal sac were diagnosed preoperatively by subacromial bursography and confirmed by surgical exposure. There were five @entity0 and one @entity0 with an average age of 41.8 years. The preoperative duration of shoulder @entity2 ranged from four to 36 months (average, 15.8 months). Clinical manifestations included crepitus and a @entity2 arc in five of the six cases. Glenohumeral arthrography was normal in all cases. Subacromial bursography, subsequently performed, revealed pooling of the contrast medium in a torn area of the bursal side of the rotator cuff in all cases. Surgical treatment was recommended after the failure of conservative treatment for three to ten months. The surgical treatment consisted of both anterior acromioplasty and tendon suture. Wedge resection and shoelace suture repair of the tendon produced satisfactory results in all cases followed for ten to 72 months (average, 44.3 months). ITRCT adherent to the bursal sac were noted in 2.4% of a cadaver survey. Subacromial bursography can be a useful diagnostic procedure for this specific entity in @entity3 .

title: Incomplete XXXX rotator cuff tears diagnosed by subacromial bursography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The thyroid function and antithyroidal antibody were studied in 17 @entity0 with @entity1 unrelated to pregnancy. The antimicrosomal hemagglutination antibody (MCHA) was negative in ten of them (group I) and was positive in seven (group II). At one month after the @entity3 , thyroid function became normal in both groups. At two months after the onset of @entity3 , in group I T4 (8.1 +/- 1.8 micrograms/dl, Mean +/- SD), T3 (113 +/- 25 ng/dl) and TSH were normal. At that time T4 (2.8 +/- 2.2 micrograms/dl) was significantly decreased (p less than 0.001) compared with those of group I and the levels of TSH were strikingly increased in 6 @entity0 in group II. The level of @entity4 was not different from that of group I. Therefore MCHA was negative in @entity0 who did not develop @entity2 and MCHA was positive in @entity0 who developed @entity2 . The development of @entity2 two months after @entity3 and positive MCHA are correlated. The Tg was elevated in 7 out of 13 @entity0 (54%) with negative antithyroglobulin hemagglutination antibody and in the remainder was normal during @entity3 . The discrepancy between the level of Tg and thyroid hormones was discussed.

title: Thyroid function and antimicrosomal antibody during the course of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Nine rowers (six @entity0 of the regional and three @entity0 of the national top class) participated in the study. During 7 consecutive weeks of the competition period serum @entity1 (T), @entity2 , @entity3 (C) and @entity4 were determined at the same time every morning under fasting conditions. From the concentrations of T and @entity2 the free @entity1 fraction (T/ @entity2 ) was calculated, and from the concentrations of T and C the ratio of T/C was derived. The object of the investigation was to gather information on a potentially altered anabolic-catabolic hormone relationship dependent upon the intensity of the individual training periods. All rowers showed a continuous decrease in T, T/ @entity2 and T/C during the observation period. A week of regenerative training halted the decrease. In two of the oarsmen who discontinued their training after 2 and 3 weeks respectively, T, T/ @entity2 and T/C showed a normalization in the following weeks. In all subjects the concentrations of @entity4 increased during the first 2 weeks and decreased during the subsequent weeks of intense training and competition. The findings suggest an increase in catabolic activity in periods of intensive physical strain, including competitions. Regenerative phases of training seem to reduce the anabolic-catabolic imbalance.

title: A 7-week follow-up study of the behaviour of XXXX and @entity3 during the competition period in rowers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Nine rowers (six @entity0 of the regional and three @entity0 of the national top class) participated in the study. During 7 consecutive weeks of the competition period serum @entity1 (T), @entity2 , @entity3 (C) and @entity4 were determined at the same time every morning under fasting conditions. From the concentrations of T and @entity2 the free @entity1 fraction (T/ @entity2 ) was calculated, and from the concentrations of T and C the ratio of T/C was derived. The object of the investigation was to gather information on a potentially altered anabolic-catabolic hormone relationship dependent upon the intensity of the individual training periods. All rowers showed a continuous decrease in T, T/ @entity2 and T/C during the observation period. A week of regenerative training halted the decrease. In two of the oarsmen who discontinued their training after 2 and 3 weeks respectively, T, T/ @entity2 and T/C showed a normalization in the following weeks. In all subjects the concentrations of @entity4 increased during the first 2 weeks and decreased during the subsequent weeks of intense training and competition. The findings suggest an increase in catabolic activity in periods of intensive physical strain, including competitions. Regenerative phases of training seem to reduce the anabolic-catabolic imbalance.

title: A 7-week follow-up study of the behaviour of @entity1 and XXXX during the competition period in rowers.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The possible synergism of @entity11 (P) and @entity12 was studied in 38 consecutive @entity0 with advanced or metastatic @entity2 . @entity11 60 mg/m2 i.v.q. 4 weeks and @entity12 600 mg/m2 i.v. weekly were administered for at least 2 cycles, on an out- @entity0 basis, to 24 males and 14 females with a median age of 57 years and a median PS of 80 (Karnofsky). @entity3 were: primary unresectable @entity1 in 2 @entity0 , local recurrence in 11, liver, lung, bone and soft tissue metastases in 21, 7, 2 and 3 @entity0 respectively. With a median number of 3 cycles administered to 35 evaluable @entity0 , 6 partial responses, 16 unchanged and 13 progressions were observed. Responses were observed in the liver (2 @entity0 ), lungs (1) and soft tissues (3). Median remission duration was 15 weeks, median duration of 'unchanged' was 12 weeks. The overall median survival was 24 weeks (30.5 weeks for responders and 22.5 weeks for non-responders). Six @entity0 were pretreated with chemotherapy not containing @entity11 (mainly adjuvant @entity12 ). None of them responded. @entity4 was very tolerable with moderate @entity8 , @entity9 and alopecia in the majority of the @entity0 ; @entity6 was generally mild with no blood transfusions required, no complications of myelosuppression ( @entity7 or @entity10 ) and no chemotherapy-related @entity5 . In this experience the combination of low dose @entity11 with @entity12 , does not appear to significantly enhance @entity12 @entity4 and the response rate is not superior to that reported with @entity12 alone. However, better designed schedule combinations with optimal doses, sequences and exposure time of the 2-drug regimen, seem necessary to obtain the biochemical events that support the potentiation.

title: XXXX and @entity12 combination chemotherapy in advanced and/or metastatic @entity2 : a phase II study.

answer: @entity11


abstract: The possible synergism of @entity11 (P) and @entity12 was studied in 38 consecutive @entity0 with advanced or metastatic @entity2 . @entity11 60 mg/m2 i.v.q. 4 weeks and @entity12 600 mg/m2 i.v. weekly were administered for at least 2 cycles, on an out- @entity0 basis, to 24 males and 14 females with a median age of 57 years and a median PS of 80 (Karnofsky). @entity3 were: primary unresectable @entity1 in 2 @entity0 , local recurrence in 11, liver, lung, bone and soft tissue metastases in 21, 7, 2 and 3 @entity0 respectively. With a median number of 3 cycles administered to 35 evaluable @entity0 , 6 partial responses, 16 unchanged and 13 progressions were observed. Responses were observed in the liver (2 @entity0 ), lungs (1) and soft tissues (3). Median remission duration was 15 weeks, median duration of 'unchanged' was 12 weeks. The overall median survival was 24 weeks (30.5 weeks for responders and 22.5 weeks for non-responders). Six @entity0 were pretreated with chemotherapy not containing @entity11 (mainly adjuvant @entity12 ). None of them responded. @entity4 was very tolerable with moderate @entity8 , @entity9 and alopecia in the majority of the @entity0 ; @entity6 was generally mild with no blood transfusions required, no complications of myelosuppression ( @entity7 or @entity10 ) and no chemotherapy-related @entity5 . In this experience the combination of low dose @entity11 with @entity12 , does not appear to significantly enhance @entity12 @entity4 and the response rate is not superior to that reported with @entity12 alone. However, better designed schedule combinations with optimal doses, sequences and exposure time of the 2-drug regimen, seem necessary to obtain the biochemical events that support the potentiation.

title: @entity11 and @entity12 combination chemotherapy in advanced and/or metastatic XXXX : a phase II study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The possible synergism of @entity11 (P) and @entity12 was studied in 38 consecutive @entity0 with advanced or metastatic @entity2 . @entity11 60 mg/m2 i.v.q. 4 weeks and @entity12 600 mg/m2 i.v. weekly were administered for at least 2 cycles, on an out- @entity0 basis, to 24 males and 14 females with a median age of 57 years and a median PS of 80 (Karnofsky). @entity3 were: primary unresectable @entity1 in 2 @entity0 , local recurrence in 11, liver, lung, bone and soft tissue metastases in 21, 7, 2 and 3 @entity0 respectively. With a median number of 3 cycles administered to 35 evaluable @entity0 , 6 partial responses, 16 unchanged and 13 progressions were observed. Responses were observed in the liver (2 @entity0 ), lungs (1) and soft tissues (3). Median remission duration was 15 weeks, median duration of 'unchanged' was 12 weeks. The overall median survival was 24 weeks (30.5 weeks for responders and 22.5 weeks for non-responders). Six @entity0 were pretreated with chemotherapy not containing @entity11 (mainly adjuvant @entity12 ). None of them responded. @entity4 was very tolerable with moderate @entity8 , @entity9 and alopecia in the majority of the @entity0 ; @entity6 was generally mild with no blood transfusions required, no complications of myelosuppression ( @entity7 or @entity10 ) and no chemotherapy-related @entity5 . In this experience the combination of low dose @entity11 with @entity12 , does not appear to significantly enhance @entity12 @entity4 and the response rate is not superior to that reported with @entity12 alone. However, better designed schedule combinations with optimal doses, sequences and exposure time of the 2-drug regimen, seem necessary to obtain the biochemical events that support the potentiation.

title: @entity11 and XXXX combination chemotherapy in advanced and/or metastatic @entity2 : a phase II study.

answer: @entity12


abstract: We previously showed in a small group of donors that eosinophils from a subgroup of individuals responded equipotently to CC chemokine ligand ( @entity5 /eotaxin and @entity4 / @entity4 in assays of eosinophil shape change ( @entity4 / @entity4 -highly responsive (MHR) donors). In this study, we investigated the functional role of @entity4 in eosinophil responses in 73 donors. MHR donors, identified by their eosinophil shape change responses, represented approximately 19% of the donor pool. Eosinophils from these donors showed increased eosinophil @entity6 expression and also underwent @entity4 -mediated chemotaxis and up-regulation of @entity3 . All MHR donors gave a history of @entity1 . In a further study, we prospectively recruited 110 subjects, subdivided into nonatopics or atopics, and investigated expression of @entity6 and @entity7 on eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and neutrophils. Eosinophil @entity6 expression was non-normally distributed in atopics, although higher @entity6 expression levels were not predictive of a diagnosis of @entity2 or @entity1 . We identified the @entity6 promoter and investigated its function. We found a minimal promoter within 177 bp of the transcription start site, and an upstream enhancer region that facilitated expression in leukocyte cell lines. Collectively, these data demonstrate that MHR individuals form an important subgroup that, when associated with a diagnosis of @entity0 , may require tailored therapy to modulate eosinophil recruitment. Identification of a functional @entity6 promoter will facilitate the study of possible genetic determinants underlying this potentially important clinical phenotype.

title: Variations in eosinophil chemokine responses: an investigation of @entity6 and XXXX function, expression in @entity2 , and identification of a functional @entity6 promoter.

answer: @entity7


abstract: We previously showed in a small group of donors that eosinophils from a subgroup of individuals responded equipotently to CC chemokine ligand ( @entity5 /eotaxin and @entity4 / @entity4 in assays of eosinophil shape change ( @entity4 / @entity4 -highly responsive (MHR) donors). In this study, we investigated the functional role of @entity4 in eosinophil responses in 73 donors. MHR donors, identified by their eosinophil shape change responses, represented approximately 19% of the donor pool. Eosinophils from these donors showed increased eosinophil @entity6 expression and also underwent @entity4 -mediated chemotaxis and up-regulation of @entity3 . All MHR donors gave a history of @entity1 . In a further study, we prospectively recruited 110 subjects, subdivided into nonatopics or atopics, and investigated expression of @entity6 and @entity7 on eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and neutrophils. Eosinophil @entity6 expression was non-normally distributed in atopics, although higher @entity6 expression levels were not predictive of a diagnosis of @entity2 or @entity1 . We identified the @entity6 promoter and investigated its function. We found a minimal promoter within 177 bp of the transcription start site, and an upstream enhancer region that facilitated expression in leukocyte cell lines. Collectively, these data demonstrate that MHR individuals form an important subgroup that, when associated with a diagnosis of @entity0 , may require tailored therapy to modulate eosinophil recruitment. Identification of a functional @entity6 promoter will facilitate the study of possible genetic determinants underlying this potentially important clinical phenotype.

title: Variations in eosinophil chemokine responses: an investigation of XXXX and @entity7 function, expression in @entity2 , and identification of a functional @entity6 promoter.

answer: @entity6


abstract: We previously showed in a small group of donors that eosinophils from a subgroup of individuals responded equipotently to CC chemokine ligand ( @entity5 /eotaxin and @entity4 / @entity4 in assays of eosinophil shape change ( @entity4 / @entity4 -highly responsive (MHR) donors). In this study, we investigated the functional role of @entity4 in eosinophil responses in 73 donors. MHR donors, identified by their eosinophil shape change responses, represented approximately 19% of the donor pool. Eosinophils from these donors showed increased eosinophil @entity6 expression and also underwent @entity4 -mediated chemotaxis and up-regulation of @entity3 . All MHR donors gave a history of @entity1 . In a further study, we prospectively recruited 110 subjects, subdivided into nonatopics or atopics, and investigated expression of @entity6 and @entity7 on eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and neutrophils. Eosinophil @entity6 expression was non-normally distributed in atopics, although higher @entity6 expression levels were not predictive of a diagnosis of @entity2 or @entity1 . We identified the @entity6 promoter and investigated its function. We found a minimal promoter within 177 bp of the transcription start site, and an upstream enhancer region that facilitated expression in leukocyte cell lines. Collectively, these data demonstrate that MHR individuals form an important subgroup that, when associated with a diagnosis of @entity0 , may require tailored therapy to modulate eosinophil recruitment. Identification of a functional @entity6 promoter will facilitate the study of possible genetic determinants underlying this potentially important clinical phenotype.

title: Variations in eosinophil chemokine responses: an investigation of @entity6 and @entity7 function, expression in @entity2 , and identification of a functional XXXX promoter.

answer: @entity6