abstract: BACKGROUND: While intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) for @entity1 has become a standard in neurosurgical practice, IOM for intradural extramedullary @entity1 (IDEMs) is still under debate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of IOM during surgery for IDEMs. METHODS: From March 2008 to March 2013, 68 @entity0 had microsurgery with IOM for IDEMs (31 @entity5 , 25 @entity6 , 6 @entity4 of the cauda/filum terminalis, 4 @entity2 ). The IOM included somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), motor evoked potentials (MEPs), and - in selected cases - D-waves. Also preoperative and postoperative neurophysiological assessment was performed with SEPs and MEPs. All @entity0 were evaluated at admission and at follow up (minimum 6 months) with the Modified McCormick Scale (mMCs). RESULTS: Three different IOM patterns were observed during surgery: no change in evoked potentials (63 cases), transitory evoked potentials change (3 cases) and loss of evoked potentials (2 cases). In the first setting surgery was never stopped and a @entity1 removal was achieved (no stop surgery group). In 3 cases of transitory evoked potentials change, surgery was temporarily halted but the @entity1 were at the end completely removed (stop and go surgery group). In 2 more @entity0 the loss of evoked potentials led to an incomplete resection (stop surgery group). No @entity0 presented a worsening of the pre-operative clinical conditions (at admission 47 @entity0 presented mMCs 1-2 and 21 @entity0 mMCs 3-5, while at follow up 62 @entity0 are mMCS 1-2 and 6 @entity0 mMCs 3-5). CONCLUSIONS: In our series significant IOM changes occurred in 5 out of 68 @entity0 with IDEMs (7.35%), and it is conceivable that the modification of the surgical strategy - induced by IOM - prevented or mitigated @entity3 in these cases. Vice versa, in 63 @entity0 (92.65%) IOM invariably predicted a good neurological outcome. Furthermore this technique allowed a @entity1 removal in IDEMs placed in difficult locations as @entity7 or in antero/antero-lateral position (where rotation of spinal cord can be monitored) and even in case of @entity1 adherent to the spinal cord without a clear cleavage plane.

title: Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring for intradural extramedullary XXXX : Why not?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Antemortem diagnosis of @entity4 is very challenging. Diagnostic assays using blood samples would aid in an early and more definitive diagnosis. In the current study, detection of anti- @entity0 antibodies, @entity0 antigen, and @entity0 toxin ( @entity5 ), protein electrophoresis and measurement of acute-phase protein concentrations were performed on serum of 18 adult and plasma of 21 juvenile gyr-saker hybrid falcons (Falco rusticolus x Falco cherrug). Adult (n = 15) and juvenile (n = 18) falcons were experimentally inoculated with different dosages of the same strain of @entity0 and an additional three falcons from each age group were used as uninfected control animals. Blood samples were collected prior to inoculation and at 28 days postinoculation. Of the 33 inoculated falcons, 16 demonstrated clinical signs ( @entity1 , greenish urates, @entity3 , ruffled feathers) commonly associated with @entity4 and in 14 falcons necropsy revealed @entity4 confirmed by mycology and histopathology. Positive galactomannan results were rare, with only 3/15 positive samples from adult falcons and none in the juvenile birds. Most of the inoculated falcons showed an increase of serum amyloid A (66.7%) and haptoglobin (70.4%), but @entity5 was not detected in the blood from any of the experimental animals. Elevated antibody indices were detected in 96.7% of the inoculated birds, but also in 66.7% of the controls. Significant decreases in albumin:globulin ratio were obvious in 81.5% of the inoculated birds, including 100% of the birds with @entity2 . Blood from falcons with @entity2 demonstrated significantly increased concentration values of alpha 2 and b globulins, decreased percentages of prealbumin and albumin, and increased percentages of alpha 2 and b globulins compared to inoculated falcons without @entity2 . In conclusion, acute-phase proteins and the electrophoretic profile of birds challenged with A. fulmigatus show significant alterations, which in combination with other diagnostic procedures, assist in the early diagnosis of @entity4 .

title: Comparison of diagnostic tools for the detection of XXXX in blood samples of experimentally infected falcons.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several agents have been tried in the management of @entity4 . Centchroman (Ormeloxifene), a novel non-steroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), has also been recently used in the management of @entity4 . METHODS: Eligible @entity0 , who had @entity4 for more than 3 months, were randomized into two groups - Group A received centchroman 30  mg daily and Group B received tamoxifen 10  mg daily. Treatment was continued for a total of 12 weeks; thereafter, @entity0 were followed for another 12 weeks without medication to assess the continuum of relief. @entity2 severity was measured with VAS score. @entity0 were considered to have complete @entity2 relief if their VAS score decreased to 3 or less. RESULTS: @entity0 , in both the groups, showed gradual improvement in @entity4 with passage of time up to 12 weeks. Following cessation of treatment at 12 weeks, partial relapse of @entity2 was observed at 24 weeks. There was no significant difference between Group A and Group B in terms of mean VAS Score and proportion of @entity0 reporting @entity2 relief at 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. Fifteen @entity0 in Group A had side effects namely dizziness, @entity3 and development of @entity1 . There was no side effect noted in group B. CONCLUSION: Centchroman and tamoxifen were found to be of similar effectiveness in providing @entity2 relief in @entity4 . High frequency of side effects, particularly development of @entity1 , in @entity0 receiving centchroman is a matter of concern.

title: Centchroman vs tamoxifen for regression of XXXX : A randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Brain and Body Donation Program (BBDP) at Banner Sun Health Research Institute (http://www.brainandbodydonationprogram.org) started in 1987 with brain-only donations and currently has banked more than 1600 brains. More than 430 whole-body donations have been received since this service was commenced in 2005. The collective academic output of the BBDP is now described as the Arizona Study of Aging and @entity4 (AZSAND). Most BBDP subjects are enrolled as cognitively normal volunteers residing in the retirement communities of metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. Specific recruitment efforts are also directed at subjects with @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity0 . The median age at @entity7 is 82. Subjects receive standardized general medical, neurological, neuropsychological and @entity8 assessments during life and more than 90% receive full pathological examinations by medically licensed pathologists after @entity7 . The Program has been funded through a combination of internal, federal and state of Arizona grants as well as user fees and pharmaceutical industry collaborations. Subsets of the Program are utilized by the US National Institute on Aging Arizona @entity6 Core Center and the US National Institute of @entity1 and @entity2 National Brain and Tissue Resource for @entity5 and @entity3 . Substantial funding has also been received from the Michael J. Fox Foundation for @entity5 . The Program has made rapid autopsy a priority, with a 3.0-hour median post-mortem interval for the entire collection. The median RNA Integrity Number (RIN) for frozen brain and body tissue is 8.9 and 7.4, respectively. More than 2500 tissue requests have been served and currently about 200 are served annually. These requests have been made by more than 400 investigators located in 32 US states and 15 countries. Tissue from the BBDP has contributed to more than 350 publications and more than 200 grant-funded projects.

title: Arizona Study of Aging and XXXX and Brain and Body Donation Program.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cigarette smoking is known to be deleterious to @entity0 with @entity1 ; however, the effect of smoking on vascular responses after coronary drug-eluting stent implantation is unknown. We sought to examine vascular response after @entity2 -eluting stent implantation in @entity0 with ongoing smoking using optical coherence tomography, compared with former smokers and nonsmokers. We identified 181 @entity2 -eluting stents in 140 subjects who underwent follow-up optical coherence tomography imaging. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: current smokers (n  = 28), former smokers (n  = 35), and nonsmokers (n  = 77). Stent strut coverage, neointimal characteristics, and strut malapposition were evaluated. The incidence of uncovered stent struts was significantly higher in nonsmokers compared with current smokers (13.3    13.3% vs 6.7    8.3%; p  = 0.001). On qualitative evaluation of neointimal morphology, the prevalence of heterogeneous @entity3 was higher in current smokers (71.9%) than in former smokers (36.0%) or nonsmokers (10.1%) (p  = 0.004 and p <0.001, respectively). There was no difference in the incidence of malapposition among the 3 groups. Multivariate modeling showed that current smoking was negatively associated with the presence of uncovered struts (odds ratio 0.33; 95% confidence interval 0.14 to 0.79; p  = 0.013) and positively associated with the presence of heterogeneous @entity3 (odds ratio 9.47; 95% confidence interval 3.79 to 23.72; p  <0.001). In conclusion, the incidence of strut coverage was higher in current smokers compared with nonsmokers. However, the pattern of @entity3 was more heterogeneous in current smokers.

title: Optical Coherence Tomographic Evaluation of the Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Vascular Healing After XXXX -Eluting Stent Implantation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) continues to be a serious problem due to different underlying disorders. Not only hepatocytes but Kupffer cells (KCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) are of importance in this instance. We wanted to investigate the possible role of KCs and liver DCs in the development of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity6 . Liver specimens from 23 @entity0 who died after @entity6 were examined for the presence and distribution of @entity3 -positive KCs and @entity7 -positive DCs by immunohistochemistry. The distribution of the @entity7 -positive DC in the sinusoidal and the periportal spaces was not even. While 39.1% of @entity0 had a high sinusoidal density of @entity7 -positive cells, 60.9% demonstrated a high density of @entity7 -positive cells in the periportal tract. The number of @entity7 -positive DCs in periportal tracts in @entity0 with advanced @entity5 (n = 5) were high, while those with mild @entity5 (n = 18) had low numbers of mature dendritic cells (  2=4.107; p=0.043). In addition, all @entity0 with intensive @entity1 had low counts of @entity3 -positive KC  s in portal tracts vs @entity0 with mild @entity1 of which 67% had high counts (  2=6.97; p=0.008). In seven of the @entity0 with moderate @entity4 (87.5%) low numbers of @entity3 -positive KCs were found in sinusoids, in contrast to those with severe @entity4 , where 12 @entity0 (80%) had high KC counts (  2=13.4; p less than 0.001). The distribution and number of @entity3 - positive KC and @entity7 -positive DC reflect the progression of @entity5 leading to @entity6 .

title: Macrophages and dendritic cells in the development of XXXX leading to @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) continues to be a serious problem due to different underlying disorders. Not only hepatocytes but Kupffer cells (KCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) are of importance in this instance. We wanted to investigate the possible role of KCs and liver DCs in the development of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity6 . Liver specimens from 23 @entity0 who died after @entity6 were examined for the presence and distribution of @entity3 -positive KCs and @entity7 -positive DCs by immunohistochemistry. The distribution of the @entity7 -positive DC in the sinusoidal and the periportal spaces was not even. While 39.1% of @entity0 had a high sinusoidal density of @entity7 -positive cells, 60.9% demonstrated a high density of @entity7 -positive cells in the periportal tract. The number of @entity7 -positive DCs in periportal tracts in @entity0 with advanced @entity5 (n = 5) were high, while those with mild @entity5 (n = 18) had low numbers of mature dendritic cells (  2=4.107; p=0.043). In addition, all @entity0 with intensive @entity1 had low counts of @entity3 -positive KC  s in portal tracts vs @entity0 with mild @entity1 of which 67% had high counts (  2=6.97; p=0.008). In seven of the @entity0 with moderate @entity4 (87.5%) low numbers of @entity3 -positive KCs were found in sinusoids, in contrast to those with severe @entity4 , where 12 @entity0 (80%) had high KC counts (  2=13.4; p less than 0.001). The distribution and number of @entity3 - positive KC and @entity7 -positive DC reflect the progression of @entity5 leading to @entity6 .

title: Macrophages and dendritic cells in the development of @entity2 leading to XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Systems metabolic engineering has made the renewable production of industrial chemicals a feasible alternative to modern operations. One major example of a renewable process is the production of @entity10 , such as @entity7 (C8), from @entity2 , engineered to express thioesterase enzymes. C8, however, is toxic to @entity2 above a certain concentration, which limits the final titer. @entity9 metabolic flux analysis of @entity2 was performed for both C8 stress and control conditions using NMR2Flux with isotopomer balancing. A mixture of labeled and unlabeled @entity0 was used as the sole @entity1 source for bacterial growth for @entity9 flux analysis. By comparing the metabolic flux maps of the control condition and C8 stress condition, pathways that were altered under the stress condition were identified. C8 stress was found to reduce @entity1 flux in several pathways: the @entity8 ( @entity5 ) cycle, the @entity6 production, and the @entity4 dehydrogenase pathway. Meanwhile, a few pathways became more active: the @entity4 oxidative pathway, and the extracellular @entity3 production. These results were statistically significant for three biological replicates between the control condition and C8 stress. As a working hypothesis, the following causes are proposed to be the main causes for growth inhibition and flux alteration for a cell under stress: membrane disruption, low activity of electron transport chain, and the activation of the @entity4 dehydrogenase regulator (PdhR).

title: Metabolic flux analysis of Escherichia coli MG1655 under XXXX (C8) stress.

answer: @entity7


abstract: 197 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 of the oropharynx were treated between 1964 and 1982. The 5 year actuarial survival was 43% (+/- 5%). In @entity0 with stage I and II disease the actuarial survival with combined surgery and radiotherapy was 87% (+/- 16%), but with primary radiotherapy 40% (+/- 28% (p = 0.0250). The results in stage III and IV disease were 59% (+/- 11%) with combined therapy and 29% (+/- 15%) for radiotherapy alone (p = 0.0010). The five year actuarial survival for @entity1 (Schmincke) was 71% (+/- 16%) after radiotherapy whilst the @entity0 with undifferentiated @entity1 achieved only 29% (+/- 11%). The survival rate for @entity0 (71% +/- 12%) was significantly better than for @entity0 (31% +/- 7%), although the proportion of stages was not different in both sexes. Because of these results and because of the minimal chances of controlling recurrent disease we prefer combined treatment not only in stage III and IV disease, but also in stage I and II disease. In these early stages partial mandibulectomy can be avoided. In selected cases transoral surgery can be combined with functional, discontinuous neck dissection. The functional results of surgery are thus minimised in the early stages of @entity1 .

title: [Results of the treatment of 197 XXXX of the oropharynx (1964-1982 treatment period)].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Specific absorption rate (SAR) and tissue temperature were measured for a total of 83 treatments in 33 @entity0 who received local @entity2 treatment for @entity1 . The @entity0 were grouped into three categories according to @entity1 size. @entity2 was induced by 13.56 MHz electromagnetic energy applied using capacitive coupling. A method is described for evaluating SAR from the tissue temperature traces at any time in the treatment when a step change is made in applied power. The method is possible only if the temperature traces are free from interference and the total power delivered to the @entity0 is monitored. Mean values of SAR ranged from 4.6 to 89 W kg-1 depending on the treatment site. Satisfactory heating was achieved for superficial @entity1 , with temperatures greater than 42 degrees C being recorded in 69% of treatments. For axillary nodes only 4% of treatments exceeded 42 degrees C. For @entity1 an idealized @entity1 model was used to estimate @entity1 temperature from the temperature and SAR measured in the adjacent normal tissue. From the model it appears necessary either to raise the systemic temperature to 40 degrees C or to increase the SAR by at least a factor of 4 to obtain a temperature of 42 degrees C in a typical @entity1 . Measurements of SAR and temperature are essential for feedback control of computer models which, in principle, could provide a complete distribution of temperature during a @entity2 treatment. Furthermore, measured SAR provides a direct comparison of the power deposition from different treatment machines in a clinical environment. The data presented form a basis for comparison with the clinical use of other heating systems.

title: Specific absorption rate and tissue temperature in local XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidermiology, clinicopathological features and prognosis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 151 @entity0 diagnosed as @entity3 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University between January 2007 and December 2011 were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity3 @entity0 was 58.8% among all the @entity3 cases, with the average age of 52 years, and the male/female ratio was 1.16:1. The most frequently involved site was the stomach (30.5%) followed by nose and sinuses (19.9%) and Waldeyer's ring (17.2%). The most common subtype was @entity2 ( @entity2 ) (55.0%), followed by NK/T (18.5%) and extra-nodal marginal zone @entity2 ( @entity1 ) ( 13.2%). The distribution of clinical stages was as follows: stage I 20.5%, II 29.8%, III 29.1%, and IV 20.5%. Most nasal @entity3 is in early stages, with a proportion of 76.7% in stages I _ II. The 3-year overall survival rate was 73.2% and 3-year progression free survival rate was 46.6% in the @entity2 @entity0 . The International Prognosis Index (IPI) could be used to estimate the prognosis of @entity2 well. Multivariate analysis showed that ESR and curative effect of the first treatment were independent prognostic factors for @entity2 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity3 is quite high, and the most common primary extra-nodal site is the gastro-intestinal tract and the most common subtype is @entity2 . Risk groups based on IPI can indicate the prognosis of @entity2 to some extent, but only the ESR and curative effect of the first treatment are confirmed to be independent risk factors.

title: [Clinicopathological features and prognostic analysis of 151 @entity0 with XXXX .]

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidermiology, clinicopathological features and prognosis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 151 @entity0 diagnosed as @entity3 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University between January 2007 and December 2011 were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity3 @entity0 was 58.8% among all the @entity3 cases, with the average age of 52 years, and the male/female ratio was 1.16:1. The most frequently involved site was the stomach (30.5%) followed by nose and sinuses (19.9%) and Waldeyer's ring (17.2%). The most common subtype was @entity2 ( @entity2 ) (55.0%), followed by NK/T (18.5%) and extra-nodal marginal zone @entity2 ( @entity1 ) ( 13.2%). The distribution of clinical stages was as follows: stage I 20.5%, II 29.8%, III 29.1%, and IV 20.5%. Most nasal @entity3 is in early stages, with a proportion of 76.7% in stages I _ II. The 3-year overall survival rate was 73.2% and 3-year progression free survival rate was 46.6% in the @entity2 @entity0 . The International Prognosis Index (IPI) could be used to estimate the prognosis of @entity2 well. Multivariate analysis showed that ESR and curative effect of the first treatment were independent prognostic factors for @entity2 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity3 is quite high, and the most common primary extra-nodal site is the gastro-intestinal tract and the most common subtype is @entity2 . Risk groups based on IPI can indicate the prognosis of @entity2 to some extent, but only the ESR and curative effect of the first treatment are confirmed to be independent risk factors.

title: [Clinicopathological features and prognostic analysis of 151 XXXX with @entity3 .]

answer: @entity0


abstract: Microbial and fermentation changes in the rumen in monensin- and lasalocid-fed @entity0 grazing bloat-provocative alfalfa pasture were studied using genetically bloat-susceptible, ruminally-cannulated adult @entity0 . Monensin at .66 and .99 mg/kg body weight daily reduced the severity of legume bloat by 41 and 73%, respectively. The same doses of lasalocid reduced bloat by 25 and 12%. Comparison of ruminal contents from animals before treatment with ruminal contents from antibiotic-treated animals showed no differences in pH, @entity4 , soluble N, soluble @entity3 , @entity2 -precipitable slime and anaerobic bacterial counts. Monensin treatment @entity1 and microbial activity, as evidenced by lower gas production from in vitro fermentation of ground alfalfa hay when compared to pretreatment. Lasalocid had no effect on protozoal counts and in vitro gas production. Addition of monensin or lasalocid (12 micrograms/ml) to in vitro fermentation of chopped, fresh alfalfa reduced microbial activity as evidenced by higher soluble N, lower @entity4 concentration and decreased gas production. Monensin reduced the amount of @entity2 -precipitable slime and protozoal numbers. Reduction in the severity of bloat when monensin was fed appears to be due to @entity1 , which resulted in decreased gas production. Lasalocid did not reduce legume bloat because of its minimal effect on the ruminal protozoa.

title: Ruminal changes in monensin- and lasalocid-fed XXXX grazing bloat-provocative alfalfa pasture.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Providing an evidence base for wildlife population management is difficult, due to limited opportunities for experimentation and study replication at the population level. We utilized an opportunity to assess the outcome of a test and cull programme aimed at limiting the spread of @entity3 in African buffalo. Buffalo act as reservoirs of @entity4 , the causative agent of @entity1 @entity2 (BTB), which can have major economic, ecological and public health impacts through the risk of @entity0 to other wildlife species, livestock and surrounding communities. BTB prevalence data were collected in conjunction with disease control operations in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa, from 1999 to 2006. A total of 4733 buffalo (250-950 per year) were tested for BTB using the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) test, with BTB-positive animals culled, and negative animals released. BTB prevalence was spatially and temporally variable, ranging from 2.3% to 54.7%. Geographic area was a strong predictor of BTB transmission in HiP, owing to relatively stable herds and home ranges. Herds experiencing more intensive and frequent captures showed reduced per capita disease transmission risk and less increase in herd prevalence over time. Disease hot spots did not expand spatially over time, and BTB prevalence in all but the hot spot areas was maintained between 10% and 15% throughout the study period. Our data suggest that HiP's test and cull programme was effective at reducing BTB transmission in buffalo, with capture effort and interval found to be the crucial components of the programme. The programme was thus successful with respect to the original goals; however, there are additional factors that should be considered in future cost/benefit analyses and decision-making. These findings may be utilized and expanded in future collaborative work between wildlife managers, veterinarians and scientists, to optimize wildlife disease control programmes and mitigate conflict at the interface of conservation, agricultural and urban areas.

title: Disease Control in Wildlife: Evaluating a Test and Cull Programme for @entity1 XXXX in African Buffalo.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Providing an evidence base for wildlife population management is difficult, due to limited opportunities for experimentation and study replication at the population level. We utilized an opportunity to assess the outcome of a test and cull programme aimed at limiting the spread of @entity3 in African buffalo. Buffalo act as reservoirs of @entity4 , the causative agent of @entity1 @entity2 (BTB), which can have major economic, ecological and public health impacts through the risk of @entity0 to other wildlife species, livestock and surrounding communities. BTB prevalence data were collected in conjunction with disease control operations in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa, from 1999 to 2006. A total of 4733 buffalo (250-950 per year) were tested for BTB using the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) test, with BTB-positive animals culled, and negative animals released. BTB prevalence was spatially and temporally variable, ranging from 2.3% to 54.7%. Geographic area was a strong predictor of BTB transmission in HiP, owing to relatively stable herds and home ranges. Herds experiencing more intensive and frequent captures showed reduced per capita disease transmission risk and less increase in herd prevalence over time. Disease hot spots did not expand spatially over time, and BTB prevalence in all but the hot spot areas was maintained between 10% and 15% throughout the study period. Our data suggest that HiP's test and cull programme was effective at reducing BTB transmission in buffalo, with capture effort and interval found to be the crucial components of the programme. The programme was thus successful with respect to the original goals; however, there are additional factors that should be considered in future cost/benefit analyses and decision-making. These findings may be utilized and expanded in future collaborative work between wildlife managers, veterinarians and scientists, to optimize wildlife disease control programmes and mitigate conflict at the interface of conservation, agricultural and urban areas.

title: Disease Control in Wildlife: Evaluating a Test and Cull Programme for XXXX @entity2 in African Buffalo.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Literature studies showed a very wide range of pedicle @entity2 rates after thoracolumbar stabilization, ranging from less than 1 to 15  % in non- @entity3 @entity0 treated with rigid systems and even higher in @entity3 subjects or @entity0 treated with dynamic systems. Firstly, this paper aims to investigate how much this complication is affecting the success rate of pedicle screw fixation, in both non- @entity3 and @entity3 @entity0 , and to discuss the biomechanical reasons which may be related to the variability of the rates found in the literature. The secondary aim was to summarize and discuss the published definitions and conventions about @entity2 from a clinical and radiological point of view. METHODS: Narrative literature review. RESULTS: Screw loosening appears to be a minor problem for fixation and fusion of healthy, @entity1 . Pedicle screw fixation in @entity3 bone is believed to be at risk of loosening, but clinical data are actually scarce. Both expandable and augmented screws may be a viable option to reduce the risk of loosening, but clinical evidence is missing. Posterior motion-preserving implants seems to have a significant risk of @entity2 . Standardization appears to be lacking regarding the radiological assessment. Marked differences in the loosening rates found based either on planar radiography or on CT scanning were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Reported loosening rates primarily depended on the protocol used for the clinical examination during follow-up and on the conventions used for the radiological assessment. Aiming to a better comparability of published data, we recommend the authors of clinical studies to describe which criteria were used to assess a loosened screw, as well as the protocol of the clinical follow-up examination. Low-dose CT should be used for the assessment of @entity2 whenever possible.

title: Pedicle XXXX : a clinically relevant complication?

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In carrying out their role of free radical scavenging, erythrocytes become damaged due to oxidation of membrane lipids and proteins. Such damage may change the morphology of the erythrocytes. The present study aims to demonstrate change in erythrocyte morphology in MetS and associate the changes with increased oxidative stress and @entity1 that were shown in our recent study. One hundred @entity0 were recruited from a rural town of Australia. Whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, erythrocyte deformability, lipid profile and blood sugar level, oxidative stress markers (erythrocyte reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, urinary isoprostanes) and inflammatory markers (high sensitivity @entity2 ) were measured. Erythrocyte morphological study was performed by scanning electron microscopy. Recruited @entity0 were classified into MetS and non-MetS following the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment @entity3 . Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS 20 software. The mean percentages of biconcave cells were decreased whereas acanthocytes, stomatocytes and echinocytes were increased in MetS group compared to healthy controls. Morphologically abnormal erythrocytes were significantly correlated with oxidative stress and @entity1 markers. Free radicals generated in increased concentration in MetS seem to damage erythrocyte changing its morphology which possibly could affect other hemorheological parameters.

title: Association of abnormal erythrocyte morphology with oxidative stress and XXXX in metabolic syndrome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: In @entity4 ( @entity4 ) due to @entity1 reorganisation in the memory encoding network has been consistently described. Distinct areas of reorganisation have been shown to be efficient when associated with successful subsequent memory formation or inefficient when not associated with successful subsequent memory. We investigated the effect of clinical parameters that modulate memory functions: age at onset of @entity2 , @entity2 duration and @entity3 frequency in a large cohort of @entity0 . METHODS: We studied 53 @entity0 with unilateral @entity4 and @entity1 (29 left). All @entity0 performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging memory encoding paradigm of faces and words. A continuous regression analysis was used to investigate the effects of age at onset of @entity2 , @entity2 duration and @entity3 frequency on the activation patterns in the memory encoding network. RESULTS: Earlier age at onset of @entity2 was associated with left posterior hippocampus activations that were involved in successful subsequent memory formation in left @entity1 @entity0 . No association of age at onset of @entity2 was seen with face encoding in right @entity1 @entity0 . In both left @entity1 @entity0 during word encoding and right @entity1 @entity0 during face encoding, shorter duration of @entity2 and lower @entity3 frequency were associated with medial temporal lobe activations that were involved in successful memory formation. Longer @entity2 duration and higher @entity3 frequency were associated with contralateral extra-temporal activations that were not associated with successful memory formation. CONCLUSION: Age at onset of @entity5 encoding in @entity0 with @entity4 due to @entity1 in the speech-dominant hemisphere. Shorter duration of @entity2 and lower @entity3 frequency were associated with less disruption of the efficient memory encoding network whilst longer duration and higher @entity3 frequency were associated with greater, inefficient, extra-temporal reorganisation.

title: Factors affecting reorganisation of memory encoding networks in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The association between DNA repair gene polymorphisms and @entity1 risk has been widely studied. However, only few studies have examined the correlation between @entity1 and instillation agent sensitivity. The aim of this study was to examine the association between polymorphisms of DNA repair genes, namely X-ray repair cross-complementing group I ( @entity5 ) @entity6 and @entity7 , and @entity1 recurrence risk. We recruited 244 @entity0 (130 treated with @entity4 and 114 treated with @entity2 ). Genomic DNA was used to examine the @entity5 @entity6 and @entity7 genotypes by Taqman PCR analysis. Combination analysis of @entity5 @entity6 and @entity7 and examination of @entity5 diplotypes were performed to reveal possible correlations. The @entity6 CC and @entity7 TT genotypes conferred shorter survival times than the @entity6 @entity8 and @entity7 CC/CT genotypes in @entity0 treated with @entity4 , but not in those treated with @entity2 ( @entity3 ) in adjusted models [hazard ratio (HR)   =   0.23, 95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   0.10-0.53 for @entity6 AC   +   AA compared with CC; HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.46 for @entity7 CC   +   CT compared with TT]. Combination analysis showed significantly increased recurrence-free survival (RFS) among @entity0 simultaneously carrying the @entity6 @entity8 and @entity7 CC/CT genotypes with an HR of 0.15 (95  % CI   =   0.05-0.45) compared to those carrying other genotypes. Diplotype analysis demonstrated that the A-C/C-T diplotype is associated with a lower risk of recurrence compared with the common wild C-T/C-T diplotype (HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.51). Our results suggest that the @entity6 CC and @entity7 TT genotypes confer higher sensitivity to @entity4 instillation. Moreover, the A-C/C-T diplotype presents significantly lower recurrence risk than other diplotypes.

title: @entity5 polymorphisms associated with survival among Chinese @entity1 @entity0 receiving XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The association between DNA repair gene polymorphisms and @entity1 risk has been widely studied. However, only few studies have examined the correlation between @entity1 and instillation agent sensitivity. The aim of this study was to examine the association between polymorphisms of DNA repair genes, namely X-ray repair cross-complementing group I ( @entity5 ) @entity6 and @entity7 , and @entity1 recurrence risk. We recruited 244 @entity0 (130 treated with @entity4 and 114 treated with @entity2 ). Genomic DNA was used to examine the @entity5 @entity6 and @entity7 genotypes by Taqman PCR analysis. Combination analysis of @entity5 @entity6 and @entity7 and examination of @entity5 diplotypes were performed to reveal possible correlations. The @entity6 CC and @entity7 TT genotypes conferred shorter survival times than the @entity6 @entity8 and @entity7 CC/CT genotypes in @entity0 treated with @entity4 , but not in those treated with @entity2 ( @entity3 ) in adjusted models [hazard ratio (HR)   =   0.23, 95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   0.10-0.53 for @entity6 AC   +   AA compared with CC; HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.46 for @entity7 CC   +   CT compared with TT]. Combination analysis showed significantly increased recurrence-free survival (RFS) among @entity0 simultaneously carrying the @entity6 @entity8 and @entity7 CC/CT genotypes with an HR of 0.15 (95  % CI   =   0.05-0.45) compared to those carrying other genotypes. Diplotype analysis demonstrated that the A-C/C-T diplotype is associated with a lower risk of recurrence compared with the common wild C-T/C-T diplotype (HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.51). Our results suggest that the @entity6 CC and @entity7 TT genotypes confer higher sensitivity to @entity4 instillation. Moreover, the A-C/C-T diplotype presents significantly lower recurrence risk than other diplotypes.

title: @entity5 polymorphisms associated with survival among Chinese @entity1 @entity0 receiving @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The association between DNA repair gene polymorphisms and @entity1 risk has been widely studied. However, only few studies have examined the correlation between @entity1 and instillation agent sensitivity. The aim of this study was to examine the association between polymorphisms of DNA repair genes, namely X-ray repair cross-complementing group I ( @entity5 ) @entity6 and @entity7 , and @entity1 recurrence risk. We recruited 244 @entity0 (130 treated with @entity4 and 114 treated with @entity2 ). Genomic DNA was used to examine the @entity5 @entity6 and @entity7 genotypes by Taqman PCR analysis. Combination analysis of @entity5 @entity6 and @entity7 and examination of @entity5 diplotypes were performed to reveal possible correlations. The @entity6 CC and @entity7 TT genotypes conferred shorter survival times than the @entity6 @entity8 and @entity7 CC/CT genotypes in @entity0 treated with @entity4 , but not in those treated with @entity2 ( @entity3 ) in adjusted models [hazard ratio (HR)   =   0.23, 95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   0.10-0.53 for @entity6 AC   +   AA compared with CC; HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.46 for @entity7 CC   +   CT compared with TT]. Combination analysis showed significantly increased recurrence-free survival (RFS) among @entity0 simultaneously carrying the @entity6 @entity8 and @entity7 CC/CT genotypes with an HR of 0.15 (95  % CI   =   0.05-0.45) compared to those carrying other genotypes. Diplotype analysis demonstrated that the A-C/C-T diplotype is associated with a lower risk of recurrence compared with the common wild C-T/C-T diplotype (HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.51). Our results suggest that the @entity6 CC and @entity7 TT genotypes confer higher sensitivity to @entity4 instillation. Moreover, the A-C/C-T diplotype presents significantly lower recurrence risk than other diplotypes.

title: @entity5 polymorphisms associated with survival among Chinese XXXX @entity0 receiving @entity4 and @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The association between DNA repair gene polymorphisms and @entity1 risk has been widely studied. However, only few studies have examined the correlation between @entity1 and instillation agent sensitivity. The aim of this study was to examine the association between polymorphisms of DNA repair genes, namely X-ray repair cross-complementing group I ( @entity5 ) @entity6 and @entity7 , and @entity1 recurrence risk. We recruited 244 @entity0 (130 treated with @entity4 and 114 treated with @entity2 ). Genomic DNA was used to examine the @entity5 @entity6 and @entity7 genotypes by Taqman PCR analysis. Combination analysis of @entity5 @entity6 and @entity7 and examination of @entity5 diplotypes were performed to reveal possible correlations. The @entity6 CC and @entity7 TT genotypes conferred shorter survival times than the @entity6 @entity8 and @entity7 CC/CT genotypes in @entity0 treated with @entity4 , but not in those treated with @entity2 ( @entity3 ) in adjusted models [hazard ratio (HR)   =   0.23, 95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   0.10-0.53 for @entity6 AC   +   AA compared with CC; HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.46 for @entity7 CC   +   CT compared with TT]. Combination analysis showed significantly increased recurrence-free survival (RFS) among @entity0 simultaneously carrying the @entity6 @entity8 and @entity7 CC/CT genotypes with an HR of 0.15 (95  % CI   =   0.05-0.45) compared to those carrying other genotypes. Diplotype analysis demonstrated that the A-C/C-T diplotype is associated with a lower risk of recurrence compared with the common wild C-T/C-T diplotype (HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.51). Our results suggest that the @entity6 CC and @entity7 TT genotypes confer higher sensitivity to @entity4 instillation. Moreover, the A-C/C-T diplotype presents significantly lower recurrence risk than other diplotypes.

title: XXXX polymorphisms associated with survival among Chinese @entity1 @entity0 receiving @entity4 and @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The association between DNA repair gene polymorphisms and @entity1 risk has been widely studied. However, only few studies have examined the correlation between @entity1 and instillation agent sensitivity. The aim of this study was to examine the association between polymorphisms of DNA repair genes, namely X-ray repair cross-complementing group I ( @entity5 ) @entity6 and @entity7 , and @entity1 recurrence risk. We recruited 244 @entity0 (130 treated with @entity4 and 114 treated with @entity2 ). Genomic DNA was used to examine the @entity5 @entity6 and @entity7 genotypes by Taqman PCR analysis. Combination analysis of @entity5 @entity6 and @entity7 and examination of @entity5 diplotypes were performed to reveal possible correlations. The @entity6 CC and @entity7 TT genotypes conferred shorter survival times than the @entity6 @entity8 and @entity7 CC/CT genotypes in @entity0 treated with @entity4 , but not in those treated with @entity2 ( @entity3 ) in adjusted models [hazard ratio (HR)   =   0.23, 95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   0.10-0.53 for @entity6 AC   +   AA compared with CC; HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.46 for @entity7 CC   +   CT compared with TT]. Combination analysis showed significantly increased recurrence-free survival (RFS) among @entity0 simultaneously carrying the @entity6 @entity8 and @entity7 CC/CT genotypes with an HR of 0.15 (95  % CI   =   0.05-0.45) compared to those carrying other genotypes. Diplotype analysis demonstrated that the A-C/C-T diplotype is associated with a lower risk of recurrence compared with the common wild C-T/C-T diplotype (HR   =   0.17, 95  % CI   =   0.06-0.51). Our results suggest that the @entity6 CC and @entity7 TT genotypes confer higher sensitivity to @entity4 instillation. Moreover, the A-C/C-T diplotype presents significantly lower recurrence risk than other diplotypes.

title: @entity5 polymorphisms associated with survival among Chinese @entity1 XXXX receiving @entity4 and @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BackgroundConcurrent ipsilateral @entity2 of the proximal and shaft of the femur are rare complex @entity2 combinations. In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated clinical and radiological long-term results after operative treatment using several surgical strategies: the so-called   rendezvous   surgical technique, e.g., the combination of retrograde intramedullary nailing and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) osteosynthesis, or the all-in-one device technique, e.g., long cephalomedullary nail, compared with two non-overlapping implants (e.g., conventional technique).MethodsIn a 10-year-period from 2004 to 2013, we treated 65 @entity0 with @entity5 . Median age was 45  years (range 19  90 years). @entity2 were classified according to the AO/OTA classification. Four @entity0 died during intensive care unit treatment due to @entity4 prior to definitive osteosynthesis. Clinical long-term outcome using the functional system of Friedman/Wyman as well as radiological outcome was evaluated 2  years after @entity1 (range 13  42 months).ResultsAll-in-one device was used in 36 @entity0 ,   rendezvous   technique in 9 @entity0 , and the conventional technique in the remaining 16 @entity0 . Two years after @entity1 , complete @entity2 healing was found in 57 out of 61 @entity0 (  rendezvous  : 9, all-in-one device: 33, conventional: 15; p-value: 0.66). There was no significant difference regarding the complication rate in the cohort groups (  rendezvous  : 3, all-in-one device: 13, conventional: 5; p-value: 0.94). Using the functional assessment system of Friedman/Wyman 2  years after @entity1 , a good clinical result was found in 77.7% in the   rendezvous   group, in 77.8% in the all-in-one device group, and in 75% in the conventional group.ConclusionThe indication for operative stabilization of @entity5 is considered an urgent and emergency procedure. Based on the successful long-term results of this study, we prefer the   rendezvous   technique with @entity2 stabilization from distally to proximally. Both @entity2 components require stable fixation. It is advisable to stabilize the shaft @entity2 primarily using external fixation (damage control orthopedics) and the @entity5 using early definitive internal fixation. In a second and staged operation, the external fixator is removed and the shaft @entity2 is stabilized using retrograde nail osteosynthesis with overlapping of the @entity3 and nail implants.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is among the most common @entity4 after abdominal surgery. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) using mesh is the treatment of choice. A strategy of watchful waiting (WW) might be a considered in some @entity0 . This retrospective study compares the outcomes of WW and @entity2 . METHODS: All @entity0 presenting with @entity5 in an academic surgery department between January 2004 and December 2009 were analyzed according to whether they were treated by WW or @entity2 . Crossovers between both groups were also analyzed. @entity0 characteristics, information about the initial abdominal operative procedure, symptoms at presentation, and characteristics of the @entity5 were collected retrospectively. In case of @entity4 were analyzed. RESULT: In total, 255 @entity0 were included; 151 (59%) in the @entity2 group and 104 (41%) in WW group. The median follow-up was 68  months (interquartile range [IQR], 52-93). The reasons for WW were the absence of symptoms in 34 @entity0 (33%), comorbidities in 24 (23%), and @entity1 in 23 (22%). During follow-up, 34 @entity0 (33%) crossed over from WW to @entity2 . Eight of the crossovers (24%) were emergency repairs owing to incarceration at a median of 1  month (IQR, 1-5) after the start of WW. The incidence of unexpected intraoperative intestinal perforation was greater in the crossover group (13%) compared with the @entity2 group (2%; P  =  .002). @entity3 were seen in 7% of @entity0 who crossed over from WW to @entity2 versus 0% in primary @entity2 (P  =  .002). Postoperatively, 3 @entity0 died, 2 of whom were treated operatively after belonging initially to the WW group. CONCLUSION: WW for @entity5 leads to high crossover rates with significantly greater incidence of intraoperative perforations, fistulas, and mortality, than in the @entity2 group, particularly in @entity0 who require emergency repair of @entity5 owing to incarceration.

title: Watchful waiting in incisional XXXX : Is it safe?

answer: @entity5


abstract: In 6 @entity2 the @entity3 was experimentally replaced using a ceramic stepped-stem prosthetic device implanted in the thigh bone. In six other @entity2 V4A steel stepped-stem prosthetic devices inserted in the arm bone was used for replacing shoulder joint. The six devices replacing the shoulder joint healed up without complications and proved to be mechanically stable. From six devices replacing the @entity3 only one was successful; the remaining five implants did not heal up due to @entity1 of the stem, @entity4 in the thigh bone and @entity5 . We suggest that these different results are based not on the different material, but on the different conditions characteristic for each implantation sites. The devices implanted in the arm bone of the @entity2 , corresponding to the conditions in @entity0 , were stressed mainly by pressure and pull. In such conditions the newly formed bone tissue anchoring in the steps on the stem stabilized the device. On the other hand, the biomechanical load on the @entity3 replacing device in the @entity2 is represented mainly by rotation at stress, for which the devices are not conceived. The stepped profile of the stem can not work; it twists in the thigh bone and remains unstable causing consequences such as @entity1 , @entity5 and @entity4 . For experimental testing of bone and joint replacing prosthetic devices of cementless anchoring systems replacing @entity0 @entity3 and thigh bone we recommend the shoulder joint of the @entity2 instead of @entity3 , because of the comparable biomechanics.

title: [Testing of cementless stepped-stem prosthetic devices replacing the hip shoulder joint of the XXXX . Comparison of two animal models (author's transl)].

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8 is associated with thickening, @entity2 or @entity1 of the pericardium which can lead to signs of right @entity4 . It is usually a chronic process which can present in a variety of ways. We present two cases of @entity8 discovered during the investigation of a @entity6 . OBSERVATION: The cases represent two sorts of @entity8 , chronic and due to @entity7 . Their common feature was an increase in dyspnoea and a new @entity6 on the left side. Their difference lies in the presence of a thickened calcified pericardium in one case and the presence of a pericardial effusion in the other. In both cases, non-invasive investigation failed to diagnose any @entity3 . The presence of @entity8 was confirmed by right heart catheterization. Treatment by subtotal pericardectomy was effective. CONCLUSION: The thoracic manifestations of @entity8 are most commonly recurring bilateral @entity6 . The mode of presentation may be an exudative, or transudative effusion. Unilateral @entity5 , @entity2 , chylothorax or @entity0 like presentations may occur. A diagnosis of @entity8 should be considered in these clinical contexts and an examination of the pericardium performed. Cardiac catheterization can help in the differential diagnosis.

title: [Unilateral transudative XXXX and constritive pericarditis.]

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current antidepressants are clinically effective only after several weeks of administration. @entity6 ( @entity4 ) is an identified component of Ligusticum wallichii with neuroprotective effects. Here, we investigated the antidepressant effects of @entity4 in @entity0 models of @entity1 . METHODS: Antidepressant effects of @entity4 were first detected in the forced swim test (FST) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and further assessed in the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model. Changes in the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) signaling pathway and in hippocampal neurogenesis after CSDS and @entity4 treatment were then investigated. A @entity3 hydroxylase inhibitor and @entity5 signaling inhibitors were also used to determine the mechanisms of @entity4 . RESULTS: @entity4 exhibited potent antidepressant effects in the FST and @entity2 without affecting locomotor activity. @entity4 also prevented the CSDS-induced symptoms. Moreover, @entity4 completely restored the CSDS-induced decrease of @entity5 signaling pathway and hippocampal neurogenesis. Furthermore, a blockade of the @entity5 signaling pathway prevented the antidepressant effects of @entity4 , while @entity4 produced no influence on the monoaminergic system. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, these data provide the first evidence that @entity4 has antidepressant effects, and this was mediated by promoting the @entity5 signaling pathway.

title: XXXX Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in @entity0 Through Promotion of @entity5 Signaling Pathway.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current antidepressants are clinically effective only after several weeks of administration. @entity6 ( @entity4 ) is an identified component of Ligusticum wallichii with neuroprotective effects. Here, we investigated the antidepressant effects of @entity4 in @entity0 models of @entity1 . METHODS: Antidepressant effects of @entity4 were first detected in the forced swim test (FST) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and further assessed in the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model. Changes in the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) signaling pathway and in hippocampal neurogenesis after CSDS and @entity4 treatment were then investigated. A @entity3 hydroxylase inhibitor and @entity5 signaling inhibitors were also used to determine the mechanisms of @entity4 . RESULTS: @entity4 exhibited potent antidepressant effects in the FST and @entity2 without affecting locomotor activity. @entity4 also prevented the CSDS-induced symptoms. Moreover, @entity4 completely restored the CSDS-induced decrease of @entity5 signaling pathway and hippocampal neurogenesis. Furthermore, a blockade of the @entity5 signaling pathway prevented the antidepressant effects of @entity4 , while @entity4 produced no influence on the monoaminergic system. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, these data provide the first evidence that @entity4 has antidepressant effects, and this was mediated by promoting the @entity5 signaling pathway.

title: @entity6 Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in @entity0 Through Promotion of XXXX Signaling Pathway.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current antidepressants are clinically effective only after several weeks of administration. @entity6 ( @entity4 ) is an identified component of Ligusticum wallichii with neuroprotective effects. Here, we investigated the antidepressant effects of @entity4 in @entity0 models of @entity1 . METHODS: Antidepressant effects of @entity4 were first detected in the forced swim test (FST) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and further assessed in the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model. Changes in the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) signaling pathway and in hippocampal neurogenesis after CSDS and @entity4 treatment were then investigated. A @entity3 hydroxylase inhibitor and @entity5 signaling inhibitors were also used to determine the mechanisms of @entity4 . RESULTS: @entity4 exhibited potent antidepressant effects in the FST and @entity2 without affecting locomotor activity. @entity4 also prevented the CSDS-induced symptoms. Moreover, @entity4 completely restored the CSDS-induced decrease of @entity5 signaling pathway and hippocampal neurogenesis. Furthermore, a blockade of the @entity5 signaling pathway prevented the antidepressant effects of @entity4 , while @entity4 produced no influence on the monoaminergic system. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, these data provide the first evidence that @entity4 has antidepressant effects, and this was mediated by promoting the @entity5 signaling pathway.

title: @entity6 Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in XXXX Through Promotion of @entity5 Signaling Pathway.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Controversy exists concerning the need for operative repair of the deltoid ligament during management of acute @entity3 . The purpose of our report was to identify the indications for surgical intervention for deltoid ligament injury in the setting of @entity3 . Furthermore, we aimed to elucidate the clinical outcomes after deltoid ligament repair in this setting. This was a multicenter study, involving 4 clinical institutions. From January 2006 to December 2011, 1533 @entity3 underwent surgical intervention. Of this group, 131 deltoid ligament ruptures (8.55%) were identified and repaired operatively. Of the 131 @entity0 , 74 were male (56.5%) and 57 were female (43.5%), with a mean age of 33.2 (range 16 to 63) years. The outcome measures included the clinical examination findings, radiographic findings, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scores, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item questionnaire scores. All incisions healed primarily. A total of 106 @entity0 were followed up for a minimum of 12  (range 12 to 72)  months, with an average follow-up period of 27  months. The mean interval to @entity1 union was 14.5 (range 9 to 16) weeks. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score at the latest follow-up visit was 91.4 (range 83 to 100) points. The mean visual analog scale score was 1.2 (range 0 to 6) points. The mean Short Form-36 score was 91.2 (range 80 to 96) points. Compared with the preoperative scores, all the 3 outcome measures had improved significantly postoperatively (p < .05). The postoperative stress radiographs did not reveal any ankle instability. None had evidence of post-traumatic @entity2 of the ankle from the clinical examination and radiographs. A reasonable clinical evaluation and surgical repair was executed, with an appropriate repair technique chosen according to the site of deltoid ligament rupture. The results of the present multicenter study have shown that deltoid ligament rupture can be repaired in @entity0 with an unstable medial ankle after @entity1 fixation and prevent ankle stabilization-related complications.

title: Repair of the Acute Deltoid Ligament Complex Rupture Associated with XXXX : A Multicenter Clinical Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between @entity2 and mortality has been controversial. Moreover, literature on the relationship was very limited in the Asian population. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether @entity2 increases the 3-year risk of mortality in a cohort of urban Chinese elderly individuals. METHODS: @entity0 in the Shihpai Eye Study, who were aged >= 65 years, with a baseline examination conducted between July 1, 1999 and December 31, 2000, were recruited for the current study. The total number of possible @entity0 identified was 4750. Of those, 3746 @entity0 were eligible, and 2045 @entity0 were randomly selected to be invited to participate in the study. Of those 2045 individuals, 1361 (66.6%) participated in both the questionnaire and eye examination. A follow-up of a fixed cohort was also conducted after 3 years. The death of any @entity0 was confirmed through the household registration system. RESULTS: Of the 1361 @entity0 included at baseline, 54 (3.97%) died prior to the 3-year follow-up. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that mortality was significantly associated with a fall history [relative risk (RR): 2.12; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.08-3.98] and a history of @entity1 (RR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.03-3.95). @entity2 was not a significant predictor of mortality after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSION: After adjustments were made for age, gender, education, marital status, lifestyle factors, @entity4 symptoms, fall history, and history of @entity3 , @entity2 was not a significant predictor of 3-year mortality in elderly @entity0 .

title: The association of XXXX and 3-year mortality among the elderly in Taiwan: The Shihpai Eye Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data are scarce about ICU @entity0 with @entity1 and severe @entity9 . Here, our main objective was to identify risk factors for life-threatening complications, organ failures, and @entity6 in ICU @entity0 with severe @entity9 , with special attention to the impact of @entity1 . We also described the clinical features of PE in @entity0 with and without @entity1 . METHODS: Data from consecutive adults admitted to our ICU in 2002-2011 with severe @entity9 were collected retrospectively. Multivariate analysis was performed to look for factors associated with @entity6 , organ failures, or life-threatening complications ( @entity7 , recurrent PE, and @entity11 ). RESULTS: Of 119 included @entity0 (42 [35%] with bilateral @entity9 ), 41 had solid @entity1 , 27 @entity13 , and 51 no @entity1 . The most common symptoms were @entity10 (40%) and hemoptysis (18%) in @entity0 with solid and @entity13 , respectively. Life-threatening complications occurred in 23 (19%) @entity0 ; risk factors were @entity3 (OR, 13.22; 1.93-90.70), disseminated @entity14 / @entity4 (OR, 27.06; 5.14-142.46), fluid load >= 1000mL/24h (OR, 6.42; 1.60-25.76), and solid @entity1 (OR, 5.45; 1.15-25.89). Inhospital mortality was 27/119 (23%) and respiratory or @entity12 developed in 36 (30%) @entity0 . Risk factors for these adverse outcomes were older age (OR, 1.04/year; 1.01-1.07), higher @entity2 flow rate (OR, 1.28/L; 1.13-1.45); and @entity5 (OR, 8.08; 2.50-26.11); whereas @entity8 was protective (OR, 0.13; 0.04-0.48). CONCLUSION: In this study, solid @entity1 was a risk factor for life-threatening complications but not for @entity6 .

title: Life-Threatening Complications and Outcomes in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data are scarce about ICU @entity0 with @entity1 and severe @entity9 . Here, our main objective was to identify risk factors for life-threatening complications, organ failures, and @entity6 in ICU @entity0 with severe @entity9 , with special attention to the impact of @entity1 . We also described the clinical features of PE in @entity0 with and without @entity1 . METHODS: Data from consecutive adults admitted to our ICU in 2002-2011 with severe @entity9 were collected retrospectively. Multivariate analysis was performed to look for factors associated with @entity6 , organ failures, or life-threatening complications ( @entity7 , recurrent PE, and @entity11 ). RESULTS: Of 119 included @entity0 (42 [35%] with bilateral @entity9 ), 41 had solid @entity1 , 27 @entity13 , and 51 no @entity1 . The most common symptoms were @entity10 (40%) and hemoptysis (18%) in @entity0 with solid and @entity13 , respectively. Life-threatening complications occurred in 23 (19%) @entity0 ; risk factors were @entity3 (OR, 13.22; 1.93-90.70), disseminated @entity14 / @entity4 (OR, 27.06; 5.14-142.46), fluid load >= 1000mL/24h (OR, 6.42; 1.60-25.76), and solid @entity1 (OR, 5.45; 1.15-25.89). Inhospital mortality was 27/119 (23%) and respiratory or @entity12 developed in 36 (30%) @entity0 . Risk factors for these adverse outcomes were older age (OR, 1.04/year; 1.01-1.07), higher @entity2 flow rate (OR, 1.28/L; 1.13-1.45); and @entity5 (OR, 8.08; 2.50-26.11); whereas @entity8 was protective (OR, 0.13; 0.04-0.48). CONCLUSION: In this study, solid @entity1 was a risk factor for life-threatening complications but not for @entity6 .

title: Life-Threatening Complications and Outcomes in XXXX with @entity9 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a frequent complication of @entity1 and it has been associated to more severe disease and development of complications. Phase angle is a bedside reliable tool for nutritional assessment based on conductivity properties of body tissues. AIM: To evaluate the association between @entity4 assessed through phase angle and mortality in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study in a tertiary care centre; 249 @entity0 were enrolled with 48 months of follow-up. Clinical, nutritional ( @entity4 =phase angle <=4.9  ) and biochemical evaluations were performed. Student's t-test and   (2) method were used as appropriate. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression were used to evaluate mortality. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 33.5 months. Survival analysis showed higher mortality in the malnourished group compared to the well-nourished group (p=0.076), Kaplan-Meier curves were further stratified according to compensated and decompensated status showing higher mortality in compensated @entity0 according to @entity0 -Pugh (p=0.002) and Model for End-Stage @entity2 score (p=0.008) when @entity4 was present. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity4 was independently associated with mortality (HR=2.15, 1.18-3.92). CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort, @entity4 was independently associated with mortality. This is the first study showing higher mortality in malnourished compensated cirrhotic @entity0 .

title: Malnutrition assessed through phase angle and its relation to prognosis in @entity0 with compensated XXXX : A prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a frequent complication of @entity1 and it has been associated to more severe disease and development of complications. Phase angle is a bedside reliable tool for nutritional assessment based on conductivity properties of body tissues. AIM: To evaluate the association between @entity4 assessed through phase angle and mortality in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study in a tertiary care centre; 249 @entity0 were enrolled with 48 months of follow-up. Clinical, nutritional ( @entity4 =phase angle <=4.9  ) and biochemical evaluations were performed. Student's t-test and   (2) method were used as appropriate. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression were used to evaluate mortality. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 33.5 months. Survival analysis showed higher mortality in the malnourished group compared to the well-nourished group (p=0.076), Kaplan-Meier curves were further stratified according to compensated and decompensated status showing higher mortality in compensated @entity0 according to @entity0 -Pugh (p=0.002) and Model for End-Stage @entity2 score (p=0.008) when @entity4 was present. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity4 was independently associated with mortality (HR=2.15, 1.18-3.92). CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort, @entity4 was independently associated with mortality. This is the first study showing higher mortality in malnourished compensated cirrhotic @entity0 .

title: Malnutrition assessed through phase angle and its relation to prognosis in XXXX with compensated @entity3 : A prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of Chishaodanpi decoction (CSDPD) on chronic viral @entity6 . METHODS: A total of 107 subjects with chronic viral @entity6 were enrolled in our hospital from March 2007 to November 2012. @entity0 were randomly divided into treatment (54 cases) and control groups (53 cases). The control group was treated with potassium magnesium aspartate, diammonium glycyrrhizinate, glucurolactone, vitamin C, and lamivudine, once a day. The treatment group was treated with modified CSDPD, 100 mL a time, twice a day, in addition to the treatment given to the control group. The @entity0 in both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The main symptoms and signs were recorded every day throughout the clinical trial. Before and after the trial, changes in liver function including total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), total bile acid (TBA), and the activities of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and y-glutamyl transferase (y-GT), were all detected. Adverse reactions were also recorded. RESULTS: There were no differences in gender, age, disease duration, symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings between the two groups (P > 0.05). After an 8-week treatment, improvements in @entity5 , @entity2 , poor appetite, abdominal distention, and skin itching were significantly better in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). In the treatment group, 43 @entity0 had a significant response to the treatment, seven @entity0 had a response, and four @entity0 had no response, with 21, 12, and 20 @entity0 in the control group, respectively. The total effective rate was 92.6% in the treatment group and 62.3% in the control group, which was a significant difference (P < 0.05). The levels of TBil, DBil, TBA, @entity3 , ALT, @entity7 , and y-GT in both groups were significantly lower after treatment, and were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). A few @entity0 in the treatment group had mild adverse effects such as @entity4 frequency and mild @entity1 . No other adverse reactions were observed in either group.

title: Clinical study on treatment of chronic viral XXXX with chishaodanpi decoction.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is no definition of flare in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate thresholds of disease activity variations using validated composite indexes. METHODS: @entity2 @entity0 (ASAS criteria) prospectively followed with at least two visits, were evaluated. @entity0 and physician answered at each visit the question: "do you consider your @entity2 / @entity0 in a state of flare?". Variations of BASDAI and ASDAS between visits were assessed and associated to the change of perception of a flare (yes/no). ROC curves were built to assess thresholds of variation in BASDAI and ASDAS associated with the change flare between visits. RESULTS: The @entity0 were issued from a prospective series of 250 @entity2 . Ninety-nine cases with at least 2 visits were analysed. They were: 67% @entity0 , mean age 45  12 years; disease duration: 16  10 years; 84% @entity1 positive; purely axial @entity2 : 81%; PASS at baseline: 56%; mean CRP: 8.6  13.5mg/l. Mean BASDAI and ASDAS-CRP at baseline were 4.3  2.2 and 2.5  1.1, respectively. The kappa coefficient of agreement between @entity0 and physician for considering a flare was 0.68. The main results of the ROC curves are: a variation >= 2.1 units in BASDAI (sensitivity 59%, specificity 83%), 0.8 units in ASDAS-ESR (sen 56%, spe 91%) or 1.3 units in ASDAS-CRP (sen 47%, spe 100%) is associated to a flare. CONCLUSION: We propose thresholds of variations of BASDAI, ASDAS-ESR, and ASDAS-CRP associated to (and that may define) a flare, as considered by the @entity0 and the physician.

title: Flare in XXXX : Thresholds of disease activity variations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical feature of the chronic @entity5 without @entity6 . METHODS: Retrospective cases series study. The clinical data of 25 @entity0 (37 eyes) with chronic @entity5 without @entity6 , treated in Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, from October, 2005 to March, 2014, were collected. Those @entity0 had been showing visual symptoms for 6 months or longer, but missed diagnosed or misdiagnosed as other @entity7 due to their normal or slightly changed fundi. The collected data including visual acuities, visual fields, neuroimaging and/or pathologic diagnosis were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 25 @entity0 , there were 5 males and 20 females, and their ages range from 9 to 74 years [average (47.5    13.4) years]. All @entity0 suffered progressive @entity7 , without @entity8 . Except one @entity0 had a @entity1 , other @entity0 did not show systemic symptoms. The corrected visual acuities were between HM to 1.0, and their appearances of optic discs and colors of fundi were normal. After neuroimaging and/or pathological examination, it was proven that 14 @entity0 suffered @entity4 , 5 @entity0 with hypophysoma, 3 @entity0 with @entity5 in orbital apex, 1 @entity0 with @entity9 , 1 @entity0 with @entity3 in orbital apex and 1 @entity0 with @entity10 . Among the 19 @entity0 whose suffered occupied lesions of saddle area, 14 @entity0 underwent visual field examinations, and only 4 @entity0 showed classic @entity2 caused by optic chiasmal lesions. CONCLUSION: Occult progressive @entity2 was the most important clinical feature of the disease.

title: [Clinical feature of chronic @entity5 without XXXX .]

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical feature of the chronic @entity5 without @entity6 . METHODS: Retrospective cases series study. The clinical data of 25 @entity0 (37 eyes) with chronic @entity5 without @entity6 , treated in Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, from October, 2005 to March, 2014, were collected. Those @entity0 had been showing visual symptoms for 6 months or longer, but missed diagnosed or misdiagnosed as other @entity7 due to their normal or slightly changed fundi. The collected data including visual acuities, visual fields, neuroimaging and/or pathologic diagnosis were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 25 @entity0 , there were 5 males and 20 females, and their ages range from 9 to 74 years [average (47.5    13.4) years]. All @entity0 suffered progressive @entity7 , without @entity8 . Except one @entity0 had a @entity1 , other @entity0 did not show systemic symptoms. The corrected visual acuities were between HM to 1.0, and their appearances of optic discs and colors of fundi were normal. After neuroimaging and/or pathological examination, it was proven that 14 @entity0 suffered @entity4 , 5 @entity0 with hypophysoma, 3 @entity0 with @entity5 in orbital apex, 1 @entity0 with @entity9 , 1 @entity0 with @entity3 in orbital apex and 1 @entity0 with @entity10 . Among the 19 @entity0 whose suffered occupied lesions of saddle area, 14 @entity0 underwent visual field examinations, and only 4 @entity0 showed classic @entity2 caused by optic chiasmal lesions. CONCLUSION: Occult progressive @entity2 was the most important clinical feature of the disease.

title: [Clinical feature of chronic XXXX without @entity6 .]

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The detection rate of incidental renal masses is increasing. Historically these masses have been treated with extirpative surgery. Hence, there is little information on the growth rate, metastatic potential, and natural history of @entity3 . Through active surveillance, we study the natural history of renal masses and determine their growth rate and risk for @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1997 to 2007, active surveillance was offered to select @entity0 with renal masses with no evidence of @entity1 . Based on imaging studies from the initial diagnosis to the last follow up, @entity2 growth rates were determined. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity0 were studied for a total of 58 masses. Mean age of @entity0 at diagnosis was 64.3 years. Mean Charlson comorbidity score was 5.2 (median 5, range 2-13). Mean follow up period was 22 months (median 17, range 5-121). Mean initial @entity2 volume was 6.6 cm3 (median 2.7, range 0.03-43.2). Mean growth rate was 1.9 cm3/yr (median 0.1, range -3.8-27.9), and 6.8% had a volume doubling time of less than 1 year. No @entity0 developed radiographic evidence of @entity1 or died during follow up. Thirteen @entity0 (15 masses) went onto operative intervention at a mean follow up of 19 months (median 18, range 4-36); 10/15 (67%) revealed @entity4 and 5/15 (33%) were benign. CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort, negligible growth rates are observed in the vast majority of renal masses undergoing active surveillance, and thus, a carefully selected @entity0 population may be safely managed with active surveillance with serial imaging.

title: Estimated volume growth characteristics of XXXX undergoing active surveillance.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness and cost of @entity4 and standardized biofeedback training in females with @entity3 METHODS: Thirty-six females suffering from @entity3 were randomized into two groups, matched for mean age (67.45        7.2  years), mean body mass index (kg/m(2)) (26.2        3.9), mean disease duration (4.1        0.8  years), mean number of births (2.7        1.3), and reports of @entity0 (25  %). Questionnaires were used to evaluate their demographics, medical, and childbearing history. Subjects were randomized to @entity4 or standardized biofeedback training for a period of 6  weeks. Subjective outcome measures included the frequency of fecal, urine, and gas @entity2 by visual analog scale, Vaizey @entity2 score, and subjects' levels of @entity3 related @entity1 . Objective outcome measures included pelvic floor muscle strength assessed by surface electromyography. We also compared the cost of each treatment modality. RESULTS: Only females who received @entity4 ( @entity4 ) reported a significant improvement in Vaizey @entity2 score (p   =   0.001), @entity1 (p   =   0.046), and in frequency of leaked solid stool (p   =   0.013). A significant improvement in pelvic floor muscle strength was achieved by both groups. @entity4 was much cheaper compared to the cost of standardized biofeedback training (SBT) (US 100 vs. US 220, respectively). Our study comprised a small female population, and the study endpoints did not include objective measures of anorectal function test, such as anorectal manometry, before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Home electrical stimulation may offer an alternative to standardized biofeedback training as it is effective and generally well-tolerated therapy for females with @entity3 .

title: Home electrical stimulation for women with XXXX : a preliminary randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although the efficacy of maintenance remission therapy in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been proved in many studies, little is known about its possible effect on the extent of the disease. The aim of the present multicenter Belgian study was to evaluate the potential role of @entity1 maintenance therapy on the colonic extension of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 98 @entity0 , 56 males, 42 females, mean age 52  years, range 22-82  years, from 12 medical centers in Belgium, with an acute exacerbation of well-established, endoscopically and histologically proven left-sided @entity1 , were included. The colonic extension was endoscopically determined at the time of the initial diagnosis and at the actual flare-up. The mean duration of @entity1 was 93+72  months, median was 84  months, and range was 3-372  months. Active smoking was reported in only 7% of @entity0 , while the majority were no-smokers (63%) or ex-smokers (30%). The median colonic extension at the time of initial diagnosis was 25  cm, range 2-70  cm from the anal merge. Sixty-six percent of the @entity0 had quiescent disease without flare-ups during last year. The   (2)-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 29/98 (29.6%) @entity0 had not used any maintenance therapy in the last 3 months before the actual exacerbation. The most commonly used maintenance therapy was @entity3 (43%), while combined therapy with @entity3 , corticosteroids or immunosuppresives (mainly @entity2 ) in all possible combinations was reported by 29.6% of @entity0 . The extent of @entity1 had not changed in 50.7% and 51.7% of @entity0 , respectively, with and without maintaining therapy (NS, p=0.99). Some degree of regression was observed in, respectively, 21.7% and 20.7% (NS, p=0.99), and some degree of extension in, respectively, 27.5% and 27.6% (NS, p=0.99). Furthermore, no relationship was found between changes in colonic extent and type of maintaining therapy, smoking habits or disease activity during the last year before the acute exacerbation. A tendency of beneficial effect of maintenance therapy on disease extent was observed in @entity0 with continuous active disease of short duration. CONCLUSIONS: According to this multicenter study, maintenance remission therapy for left-sided @entity1 was not found to have a statistically significant effect on colonic extension. Further long-term studies are necessary to confirm these results.

title: Maintenance therapy for XXXX has no impact on changes in the extent of @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although the efficacy of maintenance remission therapy in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been proved in many studies, little is known about its possible effect on the extent of the disease. The aim of the present multicenter Belgian study was to evaluate the potential role of @entity1 maintenance therapy on the colonic extension of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 98 @entity0 , 56 males, 42 females, mean age 52  years, range 22-82  years, from 12 medical centers in Belgium, with an acute exacerbation of well-established, endoscopically and histologically proven left-sided @entity1 , were included. The colonic extension was endoscopically determined at the time of the initial diagnosis and at the actual flare-up. The mean duration of @entity1 was 93+72  months, median was 84  months, and range was 3-372  months. Active smoking was reported in only 7% of @entity0 , while the majority were no-smokers (63%) or ex-smokers (30%). The median colonic extension at the time of initial diagnosis was 25  cm, range 2-70  cm from the anal merge. Sixty-six percent of the @entity0 had quiescent disease without flare-ups during last year. The   (2)-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 29/98 (29.6%) @entity0 had not used any maintenance therapy in the last 3 months before the actual exacerbation. The most commonly used maintenance therapy was @entity3 (43%), while combined therapy with @entity3 , corticosteroids or immunosuppresives (mainly @entity2 ) in all possible combinations was reported by 29.6% of @entity0 . The extent of @entity1 had not changed in 50.7% and 51.7% of @entity0 , respectively, with and without maintaining therapy (NS, p=0.99). Some degree of regression was observed in, respectively, 21.7% and 20.7% (NS, p=0.99), and some degree of extension in, respectively, 27.5% and 27.6% (NS, p=0.99). Furthermore, no relationship was found between changes in colonic extent and type of maintaining therapy, smoking habits or disease activity during the last year before the acute exacerbation. A tendency of beneficial effect of maintenance therapy on disease extent was observed in @entity0 with continuous active disease of short duration. CONCLUSIONS: According to this multicenter study, maintenance remission therapy for left-sided @entity1 was not found to have a statistically significant effect on colonic extension. Further long-term studies are necessary to confirm these results.

title: Maintenance therapy for @entity1 has no impact on changes in the extent of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate equations for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and measured urinary creatinine clearance, compared to measured GFR in @entity4 @entity0 . METHODS: GFR was measured using inulin clearance. Multiple blood samples were collected per @entity0 for determination of serum creatinine, @entity5 and inulin. GFR was estimated by the use of the following estimation equations ( @entity2 ): four commonly used creatinine-based equations [Cockcroft-Gault, Modification of Diet in @entity1 (both the short and long formula) and @entity3 Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI)], five @entity5 based estimation equations (Hoek, Larsson, Filler, Le Bricon, CKD-EPIcys) and one equation combining @entity5 and serum creatinine (CKD-EPIcr-cys). In addition we measured urinary creatinine clearance. Bias, precision and accuracy of all estimates were compared to those of the inulin clearance. RESULTS: Data were collected from 83 @entity0 , of whom 68 were considered evaluable. The median age was 58  years [interquartile range (IQR) 39-68]. The median inulin clearance was 80  mL/min/1.73  m(2) (IQR 31-114). Equations based on creatinine had much bias and poor precision and accuracy. Measured urinary creatinine clearances overestimated GFR. Equations based on @entity5 were free of bias, but also had limited precision and accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity0 , estimates of GFR had low accuracy and precision. @entity5 based formulas, especially CKD-EPIcr-cys, showed limited bias; however, the accuracy and precision of these estimates were still insufficient. Measured urinary creatinine clearance overestimates GFR, but may provide a cheap alternative, when this is taken into account.

title: Comparison of different equations to assess glomerular filtration in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate equations for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and measured urinary creatinine clearance, compared to measured GFR in @entity4 @entity0 . METHODS: GFR was measured using inulin clearance. Multiple blood samples were collected per @entity0 for determination of serum creatinine, @entity5 and inulin. GFR was estimated by the use of the following estimation equations ( @entity2 ): four commonly used creatinine-based equations [Cockcroft-Gault, Modification of Diet in @entity1 (both the short and long formula) and @entity3 Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI)], five @entity5 based estimation equations (Hoek, Larsson, Filler, Le Bricon, CKD-EPIcys) and one equation combining @entity5 and serum creatinine (CKD-EPIcr-cys). In addition we measured urinary creatinine clearance. Bias, precision and accuracy of all estimates were compared to those of the inulin clearance. RESULTS: Data were collected from 83 @entity0 , of whom 68 were considered evaluable. The median age was 58  years [interquartile range (IQR) 39-68]. The median inulin clearance was 80  mL/min/1.73  m(2) (IQR 31-114). Equations based on creatinine had much bias and poor precision and accuracy. Measured urinary creatinine clearances overestimated GFR. Equations based on @entity5 were free of bias, but also had limited precision and accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of @entity0 , estimates of GFR had low accuracy and precision. @entity5 based formulas, especially CKD-EPIcr-cys, showed limited bias; however, the accuracy and precision of these estimates were still insufficient. Measured urinary creatinine clearance overestimates GFR, but may provide a cheap alternative, when this is taken into account.

title: Comparison of different equations to assess glomerular filtration in @entity4 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two major cell types, goblet and absorptive cells, dominate the epithelial lining of small intestinal villi. We used freeze- @entity1 replicas of @entity0 ileal mucosa to examine the possibility that tight junction structure, known to relate to transepithelial resistance, might vary with cell type. Tight junctions between absorptive cells were uniform in structure while those associated with villus goblet cells displayed structural variability. In 23% of villus goblet cell tight junctions the strand count was less than 4 and in 30% the depth was less than 200 nm. In contrast, only 4% of absorptive cell tight junctions had less than 4 strands and only 9% had depth measurements less than 200 nm. Other structural features commonly associated with villus goblet cell tight junctions but less commonly with absorptive cell tight junctions were: deficient strand cross-linking, free-ending abluminal strands, and highly fragmented strands. Both in vivo ileal segments and everted loops were exposed to ionic @entity2 . Dense @entity2 precipitates in tight junctions and paracellular spaces were restricted to a subpopulation of villus goblet cells and were not found between villus absorptive cells. After exposure of prefixed ileal loops to @entity2 for 1 hour, faint precipitates of @entity2 were found in 14% of tight junctions and paracellular spaces between absorptive cells compared to 42% of tight junctions and paracellular spaces adjacent to villus goblet cells. When tested in Ussing chambers, the methods used for @entity2 exposure did not lower transepithelial resistance. Everted loops exposed to ionic barium and examined by light microscopy showed dense barium precipitates in the junctional zone and region of the paracellular space of villus goblet cells but not in these regions between absorptive cells. However, the macromolecular tracers, microperoxidase, cytochrome c and horseradish peroxidase, were excluded from both villus goblet cell and absorptive cell paracellular spaces in in vivo segments. These findings suggest that a subpopulation of villus goblet cells may serve as focal sites of high ionic permeability and contribute to the relatively low resistance to ionic flow which characterizes the small intestinal epithelium.

title: Structure and permeability of goblet cell tight junctions in XXXX small intestine.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Carotenoids and their derivatives are versatile isoprenoids involved in many varied actions, hence their importance in the agri-food industry, nutrition, health and other fields. All carotenoids are derived from the colorless carotenes phytoene and @entity4 , which are oddities among carotenoids due to their distinct chemical structure. They occur together with @entity3 in @entity1 and other @entity3 -containing foods. Furthermore, they are also present in frequently consumed products like oranges and @entity2 , among others. The intake of phytoene plus @entity4 has been shown to be higher than that of @entity3 and other carotenoids in Luxembourg. This is likely to be common in other countries. However, they are not included in food carotenoid databases, hence they have not been linked to health benefits in epidemiological studies. Interestingly, there are evidences in vitro, animal models and @entity0 indicating that they may provide health benefits. In this sense, the study of these colorless carotenes in the context of food science, nutrition and health should be further encouraged. In this work, we review much of the existing knowledge concerning their chemical characteristics, physico-chemical properties, analysis, distribution in foods, bioavailability and likely biological activities.

title: A comprehensive review on the colorless carotenoids phytoene and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity10 in @entity0 with @entity5 remains unclear owing to conflicting results in the published series, with numbers ranging from 2% to over 60% of @entity5 @entity0 . Whether @entity10 is a feature of the @entity2 or whether it is related to a circulating antineuronal antibody remains also uncertain. METHODS: The authors reviewed the records of @entity0 with primary @entity5 (pSS), fulfilling the Revised European-American Classification Criteria, seen in their department from 1992 to 2009. The @entity0 with previously recorded neuropathic features were re-examined clinically and electrophysiologically. Other causes of @entity3 were excluded. The authors also searched for circulating antineural antibodies using immunofluorescence and western blot and for antibodies against muscarinic and nicotinic @entity7 receptors as potential biomarkers. RESULTS: 509 cases met the diagnostic criteria for pSS. Among these, 44 @entity0 were recorded as having @entity8 . After completing the evaluation, however, only nine (1.8%) had @entity3 with objective clinical signs and abnormal electrophysiological findings. The @entity1 was axonal in all, in five pure sensory and in four sensorimotor. The @entity0 with @entity10 had extraglandular manifestations such as palpable @entity11 and @entity9 . No evidence of antineural @entity6 was found, and no candidate biomarkers were identified. CONCLUSION: @entity3 is a rare manifestation of pSS occurring in 1.8% of @entity0 . In the majority of @entity0 , it is a late event and frequently associated with @entity2 or risk factors for @entity4 development.

title: XXXX in Sjogren syndrome: a new reappraisal.

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity6 and Th17 cells producing @entity2 and @entity7 are found in excess in skin affected by @entity4 . Previous studies showed that @entity7 , but not @entity2 , mediates @entity4 -like @entity3 following recombinant @entity0 (rm) @entity6 injections into skin. To further investigate the role of @entity2 , ears of @entity0 were injected with rmIL-23. Investigators blinded to treatment conditions and @entity0 genotypes measured @entity5 , epidermal thickness, and cytokine expression. In @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 , rmIL-23 induced @entity5 (p < 0.001, all p values versus saline), @entity3 by histology (p < 0.001) and confocal microscopy (p < 0.004), and expression of both @entity2 and @entity7 . As expected, rmIL-23 injections into @entity7 (-/-) @entity0 resulted in relatively @entity5 (p < 0.09) and @entity3 (p < 0.51 by histology and p < 0.75 by confocal microscopy). Notably, rmIL-23 injections into @entity2 (-/-) @entity0 produced @entity5 (p < 0.001, versus @entity6 -injected @entity1 @entity0 ) and @entity3 (p < 0.001 by histology and p < 0.005 by confocal microscopy), even though @entity7 was readily induced in these @entity0 . Furthermore, systemic delivery of blocking Abs directed against either @entity7 or @entity2 completely inhibited @entity6 -induced @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 . These results demonstrate that @entity2 , like @entity7 , is a downstream mediator for @entity6 -induced changes in @entity0 skin and that both of these Th17 cytokines are necessary to produce @entity6 -mediated skin pathology. @entity2 may represent an attractive therapeutic target in individuals with @entity4 by blocking downstream effects of @entity6 .

title: @entity6 -mediated @entity4 -like XXXX is dependent on @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity6 and Th17 cells producing @entity2 and @entity7 are found in excess in skin affected by @entity4 . Previous studies showed that @entity7 , but not @entity2 , mediates @entity4 -like @entity3 following recombinant @entity0 (rm) @entity6 injections into skin. To further investigate the role of @entity2 , ears of @entity0 were injected with rmIL-23. Investigators blinded to treatment conditions and @entity0 genotypes measured @entity5 , epidermal thickness, and cytokine expression. In @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 , rmIL-23 induced @entity5 (p < 0.001, all p values versus saline), @entity3 by histology (p < 0.001) and confocal microscopy (p < 0.004), and expression of both @entity2 and @entity7 . As expected, rmIL-23 injections into @entity7 (-/-) @entity0 resulted in relatively @entity5 (p < 0.09) and @entity3 (p < 0.51 by histology and p < 0.75 by confocal microscopy). Notably, rmIL-23 injections into @entity2 (-/-) @entity0 produced @entity5 (p < 0.001, versus @entity6 -injected @entity1 @entity0 ) and @entity3 (p < 0.001 by histology and p < 0.005 by confocal microscopy), even though @entity7 was readily induced in these @entity0 . Furthermore, systemic delivery of blocking Abs directed against either @entity7 or @entity2 completely inhibited @entity6 -induced @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 . These results demonstrate that @entity2 , like @entity7 , is a downstream mediator for @entity6 -induced changes in @entity0 skin and that both of these Th17 cytokines are necessary to produce @entity6 -mediated skin pathology. @entity2 may represent an attractive therapeutic target in individuals with @entity4 by blocking downstream effects of @entity6 .

title: @entity6 -mediated XXXX -like @entity3 is dependent on @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity6 and Th17 cells producing @entity2 and @entity7 are found in excess in skin affected by @entity4 . Previous studies showed that @entity7 , but not @entity2 , mediates @entity4 -like @entity3 following recombinant @entity0 (rm) @entity6 injections into skin. To further investigate the role of @entity2 , ears of @entity0 were injected with rmIL-23. Investigators blinded to treatment conditions and @entity0 genotypes measured @entity5 , epidermal thickness, and cytokine expression. In @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 , rmIL-23 induced @entity5 (p < 0.001, all p values versus saline), @entity3 by histology (p < 0.001) and confocal microscopy (p < 0.004), and expression of both @entity2 and @entity7 . As expected, rmIL-23 injections into @entity7 (-/-) @entity0 resulted in relatively @entity5 (p < 0.09) and @entity3 (p < 0.51 by histology and p < 0.75 by confocal microscopy). Notably, rmIL-23 injections into @entity2 (-/-) @entity0 produced @entity5 (p < 0.001, versus @entity6 -injected @entity1 @entity0 ) and @entity3 (p < 0.001 by histology and p < 0.005 by confocal microscopy), even though @entity7 was readily induced in these @entity0 . Furthermore, systemic delivery of blocking Abs directed against either @entity7 or @entity2 completely inhibited @entity6 -induced @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 . These results demonstrate that @entity2 , like @entity7 , is a downstream mediator for @entity6 -induced changes in @entity0 skin and that both of these Th17 cytokines are necessary to produce @entity6 -mediated skin pathology. @entity2 may represent an attractive therapeutic target in individuals with @entity4 by blocking downstream effects of @entity6 .

title: @entity6 -mediated @entity4 -like @entity3 is dependent on XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 and Th17 cells producing @entity2 and @entity7 are found in excess in skin affected by @entity4 . Previous studies showed that @entity7 , but not @entity2 , mediates @entity4 -like @entity3 following recombinant @entity0 (rm) @entity6 injections into skin. To further investigate the role of @entity2 , ears of @entity0 were injected with rmIL-23. Investigators blinded to treatment conditions and @entity0 genotypes measured @entity5 , epidermal thickness, and cytokine expression. In @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 , rmIL-23 induced @entity5 (p < 0.001, all p values versus saline), @entity3 by histology (p < 0.001) and confocal microscopy (p < 0.004), and expression of both @entity2 and @entity7 . As expected, rmIL-23 injections into @entity7 (-/-) @entity0 resulted in relatively @entity5 (p < 0.09) and @entity3 (p < 0.51 by histology and p < 0.75 by confocal microscopy). Notably, rmIL-23 injections into @entity2 (-/-) @entity0 produced @entity5 (p < 0.001, versus @entity6 -injected @entity1 @entity0 ) and @entity3 (p < 0.001 by histology and p < 0.005 by confocal microscopy), even though @entity7 was readily induced in these @entity0 . Furthermore, systemic delivery of blocking Abs directed against either @entity7 or @entity2 completely inhibited @entity6 -induced @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 . These results demonstrate that @entity2 , like @entity7 , is a downstream mediator for @entity6 -induced changes in @entity0 skin and that both of these Th17 cytokines are necessary to produce @entity6 -mediated skin pathology. @entity2 may represent an attractive therapeutic target in individuals with @entity4 by blocking downstream effects of @entity6 .

title: XXXX -mediated @entity4 -like @entity3 is dependent on @entity2 .

answer: @entity6