abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hemodynamically relevant internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity6 is a major cause of @entity3 . Despite its long-term benefit, carotid endarterectomy may also be associated with severe @entity1 . Intraoperative and early recognition of @entity2 in the region of the ICA may reduce this risk. To date, direct imaging and quantitative analysis of microvascular structures and function in the @entity0 ICA region have not been possible. We purposed to visualize and quantify @entity2 /reperfusion-induced microcirculatory changes in the terminal vascular bed of the ICA in @entity0 undergoing unilateral ICA endarterectomy. METHODS: Sequential analysis of the ipsilateral and contralateral conjunctival microcirculation was performed with orthogonal polarized spectral imaging in 33 @entity0 undergoing unilateral ICA endarterectomy because of moderate or severe @entity5 (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial score, 75% +/- 13%), before clamping the @entity7 (baseline), during clamping of the external carotid artery and ICA, during reperfusion of the ICA (intraluminal shunt), during the second clamping of the ICA (shunt removal), after declamping (reperfusion) of the external carotid artery and ICA, and 15 to 20 minutes after the second ICA reperfusion. RESULTS: During ICA clamping for shunt placement, ipsilateral and contralateral conjunctival capillary perfusion was significantly decreased, but it was completely restored after reperfusion with carotid shunting. Reclamping of the ICA for shunt removal caused @entity4 , which was significantly less pronounced than that observed during the first clamping. The individual degree of @entity5 was inversely correlated with the ipsilateral and contralateral decrease in conjunctival functional capillary density during the first ICA clamping. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest adaptive mechanisms of capillary perfusion with increasing @entity6 and development of collateral compensatory circulation in the vascular region of the @entity0 ICA. Conjunctival orthogonal polarized spectral imaging during unilateral ICA reconstruction enables continuous noninvasive analysis of bilateral conjunctival microcirculation in the terminal region of the ICA and enables monitoring for efficient carotid shunt perfusion during and after endarterectomy.

title: Noninvasive analysis of conjunctival microcirculation during carotid artery surgery reveals microvascular evidence of collateral compensation and XXXX -dependent adaptation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Eosinophilia is commonly found in @entity0 with clinical reactions to the hemodialysis circuit. With modern membranes, such reactions have become less common, but they may be under diagnosed in @entity0 with subtle symptoms, in whom the presence of @entity2 is an important diagnostic feature. Two case reports are presented, along with a hemodialysis study of the frequency and clinical associations of @entity2 . In three hemodialysis facilities, all current hemodialysis @entity0 with persistent @entity2 (greater than 1 * 10(9) /L for 3 months) were identified. Control @entity0 without @entity2 (less than 0.5 * 10(9) /L for 3 months) matched for age, gender, and ethnicity were identified from the same facilities. A historical cohort of @entity0 , dialyzing at the same facilities 5 years ago, was screened for the presence of persistent @entity2 . From 510 @entity0 , 24 cases of persistent @entity2 were identified (4.7%). The median eosinophil count was 1.75 * 10(9) /L (range 1.1-7.5 * 10(9) /L). The prevalence in a historical cohort 5 years previously was significantly less at 1.5% (P   =   0.046). Compared to controls, @entity0 with @entity2 were more likely to be on an @entity4 converting enzyme inhibitor (41.7% vs. 12.5%, P   =   0.049), had a lower @entity3 (10 vs. 24 mg/L, P   =   0.02) and were more likely to be using a fistula for access (P   =   0.049). Over the following 12 months, there was no difference in the mean number of hospital admission days between cases and controls (7.6 vs. 11.5 days, P   =   0.54), and no difference in mortality over 29 months (25.0% vs. 29.2%, P   =   1.00). Eosinophilia remains not uncommon in hemodialysis @entity0 , and in most cases reflects @entity1 to components of the dialysis circuit, which is usually subclinical. The overall prognosis for asymptomatic @entity0 appears to be favourable.

title: Increased prevalence of XXXX in a hemodialysis population: Longitudinal and case control studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The study of the natural history of @entity1 is hindered by the lack of a reliable method of diagnosing @entity1 except through oral challenge. This need raises a conflict between the need to document continued sensitivity and the effects of these repeated challenges not only on the natural history but also on the immediate induction of symptoms especially in the highly sensitive @entity0 . Despite this difficulty, a number of investigators have provided data on a total of 177 @entity0 and @entity0 who were subjected to repeated challenges. In only a few reports were these repeated challenges carried out in rigorous double-blind protocol. When the challenges were repeated, the results did not differ from the group as a whole. These studies agree that the prognosis in @entity1 is excellent, with 60% to 73% of @entity0 losing their food sensitivity in the first year and 26% to 53% of older @entity0 eventually remitting. The specific food causing symptoms (egg, milk, soy, etc) affected the prognosis but the intensity of IgE-mediated sensitization as indicated by skin testing or RAST did not. The data regarding the loss of immunologic tests as symptoms subsided differed from study to study. This may be due to the age at which @entity0 were first studied varied widely or because the compliance with dietary restrictions in the various studies varied. Finally, a large majority of @entity0 developed respiratory symptoms to inhalant allergens at the same time their food-related symptoms disappeared.

title: Prospective studies in the natural history of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the management of laryngeal pre-cancerous lesions such as @entity1 or @entity2 ( @entity2 ), it is important that lesion regression occur without any complications. As a minimally invasive treatment option, photocoagulation therapy using angiolytic lasers has been attracting attention. Therapeutic effects have been reported for this type of treatment, however, vocal function after treatment has not been well discussed. In this retrospective case series, we examined the therapeutic effects of photocoagulation therapy on @entity3 and the impact on vocal function. Twenty-four @entity0 with @entity3 or @entity2 were treated with photocoagulation therapy using angiolytic lasers. Two @entity0 were treated under general anesthesia, the remaining 22 @entity0 were treated with topical anesthesia. Before and after treatment the extent of the lesion and vocal function was evaluated by endoscopic examination and acoustic and aerodynamic analyses, respectively. More than 50  % disease regression was observed in 20 of 24 @entity0 . Acoustic and aerodynamic analyses revealed improvement in pitch perturbation quotient with no impairment in other parameters. Photocoagulation therapy using angiolytic lasers has proven to be feasible and safe for the treatment of @entity3 .

title: Photocoagulation therapy for XXXX using angiolytic lasers.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 (CyHV-3), also called @entity2 (KHV), is the aetiological agent of a fatal disease in @entity1 and @entity1 ( @entity1 L.), referred to as @entity2 disease. The virus contains at least 40 structural proteins, of which few have been characterised with respect to their immunogenicity. Indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) using two epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used to examine the expression kinetics of two potentially immunogenic and diagnostically relevant viral antigens, an envelope glycoprotein and a capsid-associated protein. The rate of expression of these antigens was determined following a time-course of @entity0 in two CyHV-3 susceptible cell lines. The results were quantified using an IFA, performed in microtitre plates, and image analysis was used to analyse confocal micrographs, enabling measurement of differential virus-associated fluorescence and nucleus-associated fluorescence from stacks of captured scans. An 8-tenfold increase in capsid-associated protein expression was observed during the first 5  days post- @entity0 compared to a  <=2-fold increase in glycoprotein expression. A dominant protein of ~100  kDa reacted with the capsid-associated MAb (20F10) in western blot analysis. This band was also recognised by sera obtained from @entity1 infected with CyHV-3, indicating that this capsid-associated protein is produced in abundance during @entity0 in vitro and is immunogenic to @entity1 . Mass spectrometry carried out on this protein identified it as a previously uncharacterised product of open reading frame 84. This abundantly expressed and immunogenic capsid-associated antigen may be a useful candidate for KHV serological diagnostics.

title: Expression of immunogenic structural proteins of XXXX in vitro assessed using immunofluorescence.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the imaging features of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and to correlate the radiological findings with the clinical and histopathological findings. A retrospective review of the mammograms of 1845 histopathologically proven @entity0 cases revealed five @entity0 . The clinical, imaging, and histopathological findings were analyzed. On mammography, a high-density mass was seen in all @entity1 . The shape of the mass was round in 4 and irregular in 1 @entity1 . The margins were spiculated in 2, indistinct in 1, microlobulated in 1, and partially obscured in 1 @entity1 . On sonography, 4 @entity1 had homogeneously hypoechoic masses with normal sound transmission. In 1 @entity1 the mass was heterogeneously hypoechoic with mild posterior acoustic enhancement. The margins were microlobulated in 2, irregular in 2, and well-circumscribed in 1 @entity1 . @entity0 should be included in the differential diagnosis of mammographically dense, round masses with predominantly spiculated or lobulated margins. Sonographically, they mostly present as irregular or microlobulated, homogeneously hypoechoic masses with normal sound transmission.

title: XXXX : imaging features correlated with clinical and histopathological findings.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with @entity1 and contraindications for local anaesthesia a simultaneous bilateral @entity1 extraction under general anaesthesia is worth considering. @entity0 AND METHODS: The retrospective study includes all 19 @entity0 (aged 58 to 94 years, mean age 81.5 years) who underwent simultaneous bilateral @entity1 extraction at our hospital in a period of two years. While the majority of @entity0 had bilateral phacoemulsification, five eyes of three @entity0 underwent planned extracapsular @entity1 extraction. The preoperative ophthalmic and anaesthetic data and the perioperative and postoperative follow-up data are evaluated. Additionally @entity0 satisfaction and financial aspects are investigated (coverage of the second eye surgery by health-insurance). RESULTS: In none of the 19 @entity0 did severe complications occur. The majority of @entity0 showed a fast visual rehabilitation with a striking improvement in their quality of life. The majority of eyes (20/38; 52.6 %) achieved a visual acuity of 20/30 or better. The analysis of financial aspects disclosed disadvantages for the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous bilateral @entity1 extraction can be considered as a safe and effective method for a selective group of @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: [Simultaneous bilateral XXXX extraction--a retrospective study].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: "Hornussen" is a traditional Swiss team game played in rural areas of Switzerland. A puck made out of hard plastic called "Hornuss" or "Nouss" is hit with a lash like racket into the field. The opposing team has to capture the flying puck with shovel like shields. @entity1 are rare, however, very severe. @entity0 : We report on three @entity0 who were seen and treated at the university eye clinic Berne in the last four years. RESULTS: All injuries were blunt contusions with involvement of the periorbital soft tissues by a hit with the "Hornuss". In two cases orbital fractures were observed and in one case there was a rupture of the globe in a pre-injured aphakic eye. Only in one case was there a direct hit to the eye by the "Hornuss", the other injuries were caused by indirect hit after the "Hornuss" bounced off the shovel like shields. No protection gear was used. One @entity0 showed complete recovery, whereas in the other two cases significant impairment remained. CONCLUSIONS: Without adequate protection gear, injuries caused by "Hornussen" are generally severe. The injury pattern with periorbital involvement resembles @entity1 caused by baseballs. This is probably due to the similar size of the balls. The mandatory wearing of protection helmets issued by the federal "Hornusser" association for young players should be extended as a general requirement for all players.

title: [ XXXX caused by "Hornussen"--a traditional Swiss team game].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beh  et's disease is a chronic @entity3 , clinically characterised by multisystemic @entity7 . Primary @entity2 in childhood is quite exceptional. We report a case of a @entity0 with recurrent @entity4 . Beh  et's disease was diagnosed. HISTORY AND SIGNS: A 13-year-old @entity0 from Eritrea was referred to our clinic with severe @entity1 and @entity10 one month after onset. Ophthalmological examination disclosed a bilateral @entity9 . Recurrent oral ulcers and @entity12 were present. Pathergy test was positive. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: Complementary investigations disclosed an inflammatory syndrome. Computertomography was normal. Cranial magnetic resonance venography disclosed multiple @entity4 (superior sagittal sinus, sigmoid sinus and lateral left sinus). There was no evidence of @entity5 , @entity3 . A Beh  et's disease was diagnosed based on the medical history and clinical examination. Whilst his general health deteriorated rapidly before treatment, he improved quickly after the onset of therapy with immunosuppression ( @entity6 and @entity11 ) in combination with anticoagulation ( @entity8 /Sintrom). CONCLUSION: Beh  et's disease is uncommon and difficult to diagnose in @entity0 . Neurologic involvement as a first presentation is rarely described, but might be underestimated. We emphasise, therefore, the systematic application of magnetic resonance venography in @entity0 with unclear persistent @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX in Beh  et disease: case report and review of the literature].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: It is well known that @entity0 with @entity2 often have synchronous or metachronous @entity4 of the esophagus. However, the prevalence of subsequent @entity2 in @entity0 with early-stage @entity3 is still unknown. The aims of this study were to analyze the frequency of metachronous @entity2 after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for @entity3 and to investigate whether minute @entity5 -unstained areas, often associated with @entity4 , would be an index for metachronous @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: 99 @entity0 with @entity6 who underwent EMR were studied. Based on the @entity5 -staining pattern at initial EMR, they were categorized into those with uniform (group U) and scattered (group S) types of background mucosa. @entity0 were monitored endoscopically and otolaryngologically (group U, median 46 months, range 12-83 months; group S, median 44 months, range 13-80 months). RESULTS: In total, 5/99 @entity0 (5.1 %) were found to have metachronous @entity2 during the follow-up, including 4/20 @entity0 (20 %) in group S. In three cases laryngeal or @entity1 was found by endoscopic examination. The cumulative proportion of metachronous @entity2 -free subjects was significantly lower in group S than group U (P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity0 who undergo EMR for @entity3 , those with scattered-type @entity5 staining of the background mucosa have an increased risk of metachronous @entity2 , and should therefore be closely observed. Careful endoscopic observation led to early detection of laryngeal and @entity1 .

title: @entity2 arising after endoscopic mucosal resection for XXXX of the esophagus.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: It is well known that @entity0 with @entity2 often have synchronous or metachronous @entity4 of the esophagus. However, the prevalence of subsequent @entity2 in @entity0 with early-stage @entity3 is still unknown. The aims of this study were to analyze the frequency of metachronous @entity2 after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for @entity3 and to investigate whether minute @entity5 -unstained areas, often associated with @entity4 , would be an index for metachronous @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: 99 @entity0 with @entity6 who underwent EMR were studied. Based on the @entity5 -staining pattern at initial EMR, they were categorized into those with uniform (group U) and scattered (group S) types of background mucosa. @entity0 were monitored endoscopically and otolaryngologically (group U, median 46 months, range 12-83 months; group S, median 44 months, range 13-80 months). RESULTS: In total, 5/99 @entity0 (5.1 %) were found to have metachronous @entity2 during the follow-up, including 4/20 @entity0 (20 %) in group S. In three cases laryngeal or @entity1 was found by endoscopic examination. The cumulative proportion of metachronous @entity2 -free subjects was significantly lower in group S than group U (P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity0 who undergo EMR for @entity3 , those with scattered-type @entity5 staining of the background mucosa have an increased risk of metachronous @entity2 , and should therefore be closely observed. Careful endoscopic observation led to early detection of laryngeal and @entity1 .

title: XXXX arising after endoscopic mucosal resection for @entity4 of the esophagus.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: @entity3 of @entity1 is widely practised, but may not result in long-term symptomatic benefit, leading to the need for repeat dilation or surgery. It is hypothesized that long-acting @entity2 injection into strictures after dilation may decrease the need for further @entity3 and improve the outcome in symptomatic @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 who have had @entity3 and @entity4 injection performed for symptomatic anastomotic strictures were identified from endoscopy records. Case notes were reviewed to determine outcomes. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity0 underwent a total of 26 dilations, with @entity4 injected (median dose 20 mg, 10-40 mg) in 20 of the procedures. Seven @entity0 (50%) had sustained remission after a single dilation and @entity2 injection, with a median follow-up period of 16.4 months (range 13.2-22.0 months). Four @entity0 (28.5%) required more than one dilation (median three dilations, range two to four) to control their symptoms, with a median follow-up period of 27.8 months (range 14-32.8 months). Endoscopic management failed in three @entity0 (21.4 %), who were referred for surgery. There were no complications due to dilation or @entity4 injection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 injection into the stricture after dilation is safe, easy to perform, and may be a useful adjunct in the management of anastomotic @entity1 . These data will require further support through a randomized and controlled trial.

title: Long-acting XXXX injection after endoscopic dilation of anastomotic @entity1 may improve the outcome: a retrospective case series.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: @entity3 of @entity1 is widely practised, but may not result in long-term symptomatic benefit, leading to the need for repeat dilation or surgery. It is hypothesized that long-acting @entity2 injection into strictures after dilation may decrease the need for further @entity3 and improve the outcome in symptomatic @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 who have had @entity3 and @entity4 injection performed for symptomatic anastomotic strictures were identified from endoscopy records. Case notes were reviewed to determine outcomes. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity0 underwent a total of 26 dilations, with @entity4 injected (median dose 20 mg, 10-40 mg) in 20 of the procedures. Seven @entity0 (50%) had sustained remission after a single dilation and @entity2 injection, with a median follow-up period of 16.4 months (range 13.2-22.0 months). Four @entity0 (28.5%) required more than one dilation (median three dilations, range two to four) to control their symptoms, with a median follow-up period of 27.8 months (range 14-32.8 months). Endoscopic management failed in three @entity0 (21.4 %), who were referred for surgery. There were no complications due to dilation or @entity4 injection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 injection into the stricture after dilation is safe, easy to perform, and may be a useful adjunct in the management of anastomotic @entity1 . These data will require further support through a randomized and controlled trial.

title: Long-acting @entity2 injection after endoscopic dilation of anastomotic XXXX may improve the outcome: a retrospective case series.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Case reports suggest that endosonographic visualization of blood vessels in a @entity3 may be predictive of risk of postpolypectomy @entity1 ; however, this issue has never been studied in @entity0 with @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Endosonography (EUS) was performed prior to endoscopic polypectomy of 42 large (>/= 20 mm) nonpedunculated @entity5 . The median diameter of the @entity3 was 30 mm (range 20-100 mm); 35 were located in the rectum and seven in the sigmoid colon. During EUS both the @entity3 and the bowel wall underneath were searched for the presence of vessels, which were defined as longitudinal/tortuous or round/oval echo-free structures >/= 2 mm in diameter. RESULTS: The @entity3 was visualized adequately in 39 cases; three cases were excluded from analysis due to inadequate visualization. In eight @entity3 (20.5%, group 1) EUS revealed vessels measuring 2-4 mm; in 31 @entity3 (79.5 %, group 2) no vessels were found. The postpolypectomy @entity1 incidence (per @entity3 treated) was 12.5% in group 1 and 12.9 % in group 2 (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this small series of @entity0 with large nonpedunculated @entity2 , the EUS image of the @entity3 was not predictive of postpolypectomy @entity1 . The detection of vessels on EUS did not increase the risk for @entity1 ; however, the sample size was to small to draw definite conclusions. The absence of vessels on EUS did not rule out the possibility of @entity1 .

title: Endoscopic ultrasonography for prediction of postpolypectomy @entity1 in @entity0 with large nonpedunculated XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Case reports suggest that endosonographic visualization of blood vessels in a @entity3 may be predictive of risk of postpolypectomy @entity1 ; however, this issue has never been studied in @entity0 with @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Endosonography (EUS) was performed prior to endoscopic polypectomy of 42 large (>/= 20 mm) nonpedunculated @entity5 . The median diameter of the @entity3 was 30 mm (range 20-100 mm); 35 were located in the rectum and seven in the sigmoid colon. During EUS both the @entity3 and the bowel wall underneath were searched for the presence of vessels, which were defined as longitudinal/tortuous or round/oval echo-free structures >/= 2 mm in diameter. RESULTS: The @entity3 was visualized adequately in 39 cases; three cases were excluded from analysis due to inadequate visualization. In eight @entity3 (20.5%, group 1) EUS revealed vessels measuring 2-4 mm; in 31 @entity3 (79.5 %, group 2) no vessels were found. The postpolypectomy @entity1 incidence (per @entity3 treated) was 12.5% in group 1 and 12.9 % in group 2 (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this small series of @entity0 with large nonpedunculated @entity2 , the EUS image of the @entity3 was not predictive of postpolypectomy @entity1 . The detection of vessels on EUS did not increase the risk for @entity1 ; however, the sample size was to small to draw definite conclusions. The absence of vessels on EUS did not rule out the possibility of @entity1 .

title: Endoscopic ultrasonography for prediction of postpolypectomy XXXX in @entity0 with large nonpedunculated @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Case reports suggest that endosonographic visualization of blood vessels in a @entity3 may be predictive of risk of postpolypectomy @entity1 ; however, this issue has never been studied in @entity0 with @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Endosonography (EUS) was performed prior to endoscopic polypectomy of 42 large (>/= 20 mm) nonpedunculated @entity5 . The median diameter of the @entity3 was 30 mm (range 20-100 mm); 35 were located in the rectum and seven in the sigmoid colon. During EUS both the @entity3 and the bowel wall underneath were searched for the presence of vessels, which were defined as longitudinal/tortuous or round/oval echo-free structures >/= 2 mm in diameter. RESULTS: The @entity3 was visualized adequately in 39 cases; three cases were excluded from analysis due to inadequate visualization. In eight @entity3 (20.5%, group 1) EUS revealed vessels measuring 2-4 mm; in 31 @entity3 (79.5 %, group 2) no vessels were found. The postpolypectomy @entity1 incidence (per @entity3 treated) was 12.5% in group 1 and 12.9 % in group 2 (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this small series of @entity0 with large nonpedunculated @entity2 , the EUS image of the @entity3 was not predictive of postpolypectomy @entity1 . The detection of vessels on EUS did not increase the risk for @entity1 ; however, the sample size was to small to draw definite conclusions. The absence of vessels on EUS did not rule out the possibility of @entity1 .

title: Endoscopic ultrasonography for prediction of postpolypectomy @entity1 in XXXX with large nonpedunculated @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a commonly used sedative in intravenous anesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of various @entity6 doses administered by continuous infusion on adrenal function in @entity0 under general anesthesia. METHODS: Thirty-six healthy adult male @entity0 were randomly divided into six groups. Sodium @entity5 alone was administered to the control group (group C); five experimental groups (E1, E2, E3, E4, and E5) were also given @entity6 at doses of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30   g        kg(-1)        min(-1), respectively, to maintain anesthesia. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and bispectral index (BIS) were monitored. Serum @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity2 levels were measured, and HR, MAP, and BIS values recorded, before intubation (T0), and at 1  h, 2  h, and 3  h after intubation (T1-3). RESULTS: @entity1 and @entity3 levels in groups E1-5 decreased as the doses and times of continuous infusion of @entity6 increased. The @entity1 level was significantly decreased compared with baseline at T3 in group E1 and at T1-3 in groups E2-5 (P   <   0.05). Compared with the corresponding levels in group C, @entity1 levels were significantly lower than T0 values at T3 in group E1 and at T1-3 in groups E2-5 (P   <   0.05). The @entity3 level was significantly lower at T3 in group E2 and at T1-3 in groups E3-5 (P   <   0.05). Significant reductions in @entity1 levels at T2-3 in group E2 and at T1-3 in groups E3-5 compared with group C were also observed (P   <   0.05). The plasma @entity4 and @entity2 levels, HR, MAP, and BIS in groups E1-5 were within the normal range at the different times and with the different doses (P   >   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and @entity3 levels decreased with time and continuous infusion of @entity6 ; there were no significant changes in @entity4 and @entity2 levels, HR, MAP, and BIS in any group.

title: Effects of continuous infusion of XXXX at various dose rates on adrenal function in @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a commonly used sedative in intravenous anesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of various @entity6 doses administered by continuous infusion on adrenal function in @entity0 under general anesthesia. METHODS: Thirty-six healthy adult male @entity0 were randomly divided into six groups. Sodium @entity5 alone was administered to the control group (group C); five experimental groups (E1, E2, E3, E4, and E5) were also given @entity6 at doses of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30   g        kg(-1)        min(-1), respectively, to maintain anesthesia. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and bispectral index (BIS) were monitored. Serum @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity2 levels were measured, and HR, MAP, and BIS values recorded, before intubation (T0), and at 1  h, 2  h, and 3  h after intubation (T1-3). RESULTS: @entity1 and @entity3 levels in groups E1-5 decreased as the doses and times of continuous infusion of @entity6 increased. The @entity1 level was significantly decreased compared with baseline at T3 in group E1 and at T1-3 in groups E2-5 (P   <   0.05). Compared with the corresponding levels in group C, @entity1 levels were significantly lower than T0 values at T3 in group E1 and at T1-3 in groups E2-5 (P   <   0.05). The @entity3 level was significantly lower at T3 in group E2 and at T1-3 in groups E3-5 (P   <   0.05). Significant reductions in @entity1 levels at T2-3 in group E2 and at T1-3 in groups E3-5 compared with group C were also observed (P   <   0.05). The plasma @entity4 and @entity2 levels, HR, MAP, and BIS in groups E1-5 were within the normal range at the different times and with the different doses (P   >   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and @entity3 levels decreased with time and continuous infusion of @entity6 ; there were no significant changes in @entity4 and @entity2 levels, HR, MAP, and BIS in any group.

title: Effects of continuous infusion of @entity6 at various dose rates on adrenal function in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate the influence of pregnancy on the development and treatment of @entity4 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: 8 pregnant @entity0 in the age of 20 to 35 years were observed. Various methods of treatment were applied: enucleation of the eye, photocoagulation and brachytherapy. 6 @entity0 delivered healthy babies, in 1 case an abortion happened and the @entity0 died, in 1 case therapeutic abortion was performed. The time of observation was 4 to 11 years, (average 6.8 year). RESULTS: The majority of @entity0 visited the ophthalmologist for the first time during pregnancy or just after delivery, because they noticed @entity3 . One can suppose, that during pregnancy the @entity1 growth is fast. @entity1 after treatment was observed in 4 cases. In 4 @entity0 the eye was enucleated. 7 @entity0 are still alive. Only in one case metastases to the liver and the lungs occurred and the @entity0 died. Considering the lack of @entity2 and @entity5 receptors in @entity4 , this can be explained by the decreased immunity of the pregnant @entity0 organisms. Our observations do not reveal any negative influence upon pregnancy as the results of the treatment. Photocoagulation of the @entity1 can be performed safely during the first months of pregnancy. It seems, that brachytherapy is safer towards the end of pregnancy or after delivery.

title: [ XXXX during pregnancy: case report].

answer: @entity4


abstract: To understand the potential role of cyclooxygenase (COX) in normal and inflammatory @entity0 diseases, we characterized the expression of @entity10 and @entity8 in biopsies of @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity1 . Tissues were prepared for immunohistochemistry by standard methods, and representative cases assayed via Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. @entity8 was not detected in normal @entity0 tissues with few exceptions. Moderate to marked @entity8 was observed in the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and thick ascending limb (TAL) in @entity0 fetal kidneys, but was not detected in neonatal and adult @entity6 and TALs. Low level, constitutive @entity8 was detected in colonic epithelium, peribronchial glands, and pancreatic ductal epithelium. Low to moderate @entity8 was detected basally in the cortex, hippocampus, @entity9 , and spinal cord, and in reproductive tissues during ovulation, implantation and labor. No @entity8 was detected in the existing vasculature in normal tissues, and was also not expressed throughout the ductus arteriosus. @entity8 was markedly induced in @entity0 tissues of @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity1 . @entity8 was prominently expressed in the synovium, fibrocartilage of osteophytes, and in the blood vessels in the osteoarthritic (OA) knee joint. @entity8 was also prominently detected in the macrophages/foam cells in @entity5 , and in the endothelium overlying and immediately adjacent to the @entity2 . Moderate- to intense @entity8 expression was consistently observed in the inflammatory cells, @entity7 , and blood vessels in all epithelial-derived @entity0 @entity1 studied. In contrast, @entity10 was relatively ubiquitously observed in both normal and pathophysiological conditions. These data collectively imply @entity8 plays an important role in mediating a variety of inflammatory diseases, and imply @entity8 inhibitors may be effective in the prevention and/or treatment of OA, @entity3 , and @entity1 .

title: Cyclooxygenase-2 in XXXX pathological disease.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: Ongoing @entity1 and endothelial dysfunction occurs within the local microenvironment of @entity3 , creating an appropriate scenario for successful use and delivery of nanovectors. This study sought to investigate whether cardiovascular cells associate, internalize, and traffic a nanoplatform called mesoporous @entity6 vector ( @entity4 ), and determine its intravenous accumulation in cardiac tissue in a @entity0 model of @entity3 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In vitro cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of MSVs was examined by scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, time-lapse microscopy, and flow cytometry in cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. The MSVs were internalized within the first hours, and trafficked to perinuclear regions in all the cell lines. @entity2 was investigated by @entity5 and cell cycle assays. No significant evidence of @entity2 was found. In vivo intravenous cardiac accumulation of MSVs was examined by high content fluorescence and confocal microscopy, with results showing increased accumulation of particles in failing hearts compared with normal hearts. Similar to observations in vitro, MSVs were able to associate, internalize, and traffic to the perinuclear region of cardiomyocytes in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that MSVs associate, internalize, and traffic in cardiovascular cells without any significant @entity2 . Furthermore, MSVs accumulate in failing myocardium after intravenous administration, reaching intracellular regions of the cardiomyocytes. These findings represent a novel avenue to develop nanotechnology-based therapeutics and diagnostics in @entity3 .

title: A specifically designed nanoconstruct associates, internalizes, traffics in cardiovascular cells, and accumulates in failing myocardium: a new strategy for XXXX diagnostics and therapeutics.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate chosen environmental factors that may contribute to @entity2 or @entity1 among the population of Podlasie. Socio-economic status, physical activity and the use of condiments and medications were assessed. The investigations, treated as preliminary, used questionnaire technique and involved 150 volunteers (132 @entity0 and 18 @entity0 ), aged 18-69 years ( @entity0 ; mean 37.4 +/- 12.50) and 18-62 ( @entity0 ; mean 30.0 +/- 11.03). In the majority of subjects the first symptoms of @entity1 appeared in childhood and puberty. Overweight was familial in 69.6% of @entity0 and in 77.7% of @entity0 (statistically significant risk factor), which could reflect genetic load or similar lifestyle. Frequency and type of recreational and sports activity were evaluated. Over 77% of the subjects examined declared little and inadequately matched physical activity. The knowledge of health state was unsatisfactory and @entity1 was considered only in cosmetic terms. Prophylactic actions should intend to educate the whole society, propagate healthy lifestyle and to increase physical activity. @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity1 should tend to normalise body mass and thus to improve metabolic parameters and general feeling.

title: [Chosen environmental factors and their effect on the incidence of @entity2 and XXXX in the population of Podlasie Region].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate chosen environmental factors that may contribute to @entity2 or @entity1 among the population of Podlasie. Socio-economic status, physical activity and the use of condiments and medications were assessed. The investigations, treated as preliminary, used questionnaire technique and involved 150 volunteers (132 @entity0 and 18 @entity0 ), aged 18-69 years ( @entity0 ; mean 37.4 +/- 12.50) and 18-62 ( @entity0 ; mean 30.0 +/- 11.03). In the majority of subjects the first symptoms of @entity1 appeared in childhood and puberty. Overweight was familial in 69.6% of @entity0 and in 77.7% of @entity0 (statistically significant risk factor), which could reflect genetic load or similar lifestyle. Frequency and type of recreational and sports activity were evaluated. Over 77% of the subjects examined declared little and inadequately matched physical activity. The knowledge of health state was unsatisfactory and @entity1 was considered only in cosmetic terms. Prophylactic actions should intend to educate the whole society, propagate healthy lifestyle and to increase physical activity. @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity1 should tend to normalise body mass and thus to improve metabolic parameters and general feeling.

title: [Chosen environmental factors and their effect on the incidence of XXXX and @entity1 in the population of Podlasie Region].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: For years, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) has been the backbone of radiochemotherapy (RCT) of locally advanced @entity2 . Its main target, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), is speculated to be an important biomarker for response prediction and long-term prognosis. In this study, we analyzed @entity6 expression in the @entity2 tissue of 208 @entity0 to evaluate its predictive/prognostic potential. METHODS: All @entity0 included were diagnosed with locally advanced @entity3 (UICC II and III) and were treated within randomized clinical trials of the German @entity2 Study Group. Preoperative RCT (50.4  Gy and concomitant either @entity7 or @entity7 and @entity5 ) was administered in 167 @entity0 followed by surgical resection with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Another 41 @entity0 received postoperative RCT. @entity6 levels and further clinicopathological parameters were assessed in univariate and multivariate analyses. Additionally, a @entity6 gene polymorphism was analyzed with respect to the intratumoral protein levels. RESULTS: Low @entity6 expression in pretreatment biopsies correlated with impaired @entity0 survival (p  =  0.015). Analysis of a 28-bp repeat revealed a correlation between the *3/*3 genotype and high @entity6 expression in pretherapeutic biopsies. In this study, a correlation of @entity6 expression and grade of RCT-induced @entity2 regression was not found. Histopathological examination confirmed a complete @entity2 remission in 16 @entity0 (9.6%). Analyses of the resection specimen indicated an unfavorable prognosis for @entity0 with low intratumoral @entity6 expression in case of detected lymph node @entity1 (p  =  0.04). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 can serve as a prognostic biomarker indicating an unfavorable prognosis for @entity0 with low @entity6 expression.

title: Thymidylate synthase as a prognostic biomarker for locally advanced XXXX after multimodal treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We report a case in which a 33-year-old @entity0 was discovered unconscious following a fistfight with another @entity0 . Emergency neurosurgical efforts to repair a depressed temporoparietal skull @entity3 and associated @entity7 were unsuccessful. The forensic anthropologist and pathologist worked in tandem to sort out a complex combination of cranial evidence, including healed antemortem @entity2 , perimortem blunt force @entity2 , remote and recent neurosurgical intervention, and the craniotomy cut performed at autopsy. The victim had suffered @entity6 and a right temporoparietal craniotomy ten years prior to @entity4 . The perimortem cranial @entity3 were centrally located within a surgically repaired roundel of bone involving portions of the right temporal and parietal bones. Reportedly, the victim was punched on the right side of his head as he was lying on the ground with the left side of his head against an asphalt surface. A primary question in the case was whether a blow with a fist could have produced the observed @entity1 . To adequately answer that question, known data on the minimum amount of force required to @entity3 the temporoparietal region were compared to data on the amount of force generated by a blow with a fist. A biomechanics expert demonstrated that a single blow with a fist to the rigidly supported head of the victim could generate the required force to produce the observed @entity3 . The previous medical condition possibly predisposed the victim to the cranial @entity3 and contributed to the depressed nature of the @entity3 . Although @entity5 do not typically result from a blow with a fist, it was determined in this case that the @entity3 pattern was consistent with a punch to the head.

title: Punched with a fist: the etiology of a fatal XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcomes and mortality in advanced @entity1 @entity0 in a population-based cohort in the 90days after diagnosis. METHODS: Using the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database, we identified a cohort of @entity0 with @entity1 diagnosed between 1995 and 2007. A   (2) test was used to assess demographic and clinical factors. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess factors associated with variation in survival. RESULTS: Of the 9491 @entity0 with stage III/IV @entity1 identified from the SEER/Medicare system, 4131 (43.6%) @entity0 died in the first year after diagnosis. Of these, 2472 (26.0%) @entity0 died in the first 90days after diagnosis. Over the study period, the number of @entity0 who died in the first 90days after diagnosis slightly increased (p=0.053). Older age (>75years of age), increased comorbidity, stage IV disease, lack of a visit with a gynecologic oncologist, and surgery were associated with an increase in 90-day mortality. Chemotherapy was associated with a reduction in 90-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 25% of @entity0 with advanced @entity1 in our study period died within 90days of diagnosis, and more than 40% died within the first year of diagnosis. In addition, a substantial proportion of @entity0 did not receive any treatment. Further research into the characteristics of these @entity0 should be performed to elucidate clinical areas for intervention to either prevent these poor outcomes or allocate appropriate resources to @entity0 with extremely poor prognoses.

title: XXXX outcomes: Predictors of early death.

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1 @entity0 experience a high symptom burden throughout their illness. Despite this, @entity0 ' symptoms and needs are often not adequately screened for, assessed and managed OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the attitudes of @entity1 care professionals towards standardized systematic symptom assessment and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), and their self-reported use of the instrument in daily practice in a large health care jurisdiction where this is routine. METHODS: A 21-item electronic survey, eliciting both closed and open-ended anonymous responses, was distributed to all 2806 @entity1 care professionals from four major provider groups: physicians, nurses, radiotherapists and psychosocial oncology staff (PSO) at the 14 @entity1 Centres across Ontario, Canada. RESULTS: A total of 1065 questionnaires were returned (response rate: 38%); 960 were eligible for analysis. The majority of respondents (88%) considered symptom management to be within their scope of practice. Sixty-six percent of physicians considered the use of standardized tools to screen for symptoms as "best practice," compared to 81% and 93% of nurses and PSO staff, respectively. Sixty-seven percent of physicians and 85% of nurses found the ESAS to be a useful starting point to assess @entity0 ' symptoms. Seventy-nine percent of physicians looked at their @entity0 's ESAS scores at visits either "always" or "often," compared to 29%, 66%, and 89%, of radiotherapists, PSO staff and nurses, respectively. Several areas for improvement of ESAS use and symptom screening were identified. CONCLUSION: Findings show significant albeit variable uptake across disciplines in the use of the ESAS since program initiation. Several barriers to using the ESAS in daily practice were identified. These need to be addressed.

title: XXXX Care Professionals' Attitudes Toward Systematic Standardized Symptom Assessment and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) Following Large-Scale Population-Based Implementation in Ontario, Canada.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Because of a high prevalence of @entity3 @entity1 , we conducted an epidemiological study to assess the need for systematic surveillance, as well as the value of applying barrier precautions toP. aeruginosa carriers. From July 1997 to February 1998, we conducted a prospective cohort study in an 18-bed medical intensive care unit (ICU), which is part of the infectious diseases department in a 1200-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital. Rectal and oropharyngeal swabs were obtained on admission and twice weekly. Acquired strains were genotypically characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A risk factor analysis for carriage, colonization and @entity1 was performed. Among 269 eligible @entity0 , 116 (43%) were @entity3 carriers, with 46 (17%) detected on admission and 70 (26%) who acquired carriage during their stay in ICU. Among these 70 @entity0 , 29 became colonized (N=13) or developed @entity1 (N=16). Conversely, in the 121 @entity0 who remained free of carriage, no @entity2 were detected. Genotyping analysis using PFGE was performed for 81/85 (95%) acquired strains in 67 @entity0 . The same genotype I was observed for 58/81 (70%) of these strains issued from 47 @entity0 , and a distinct genotype II affected two other @entity0 (three strains). The last 20 strains were not genetically related. In a multivariate model, mechanical ventilation was associated with the acquisition of P. aeruginosa carriage. Antibiotics ineffective against @entity3 significantly increased the risk of @entity2 in ICU. Although several recent studies concluded that endogenous sources account for the majority of @entity3 colonizations or @entity1 , we conclude that epidemiology may vary according to the ICU, and that cross-colonization (i.e., exogenous source) may occur and warrant reinforced barrier precautions.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX and risk factors for carriage acquisition in an intensive care unit.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with low left ventricular ejection fractions and low-flow, low-gradient @entity4 ( @entity4 ) represent a challenging cohort with high morbidity and mortality. The prevalence and clinical impact of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on risk stratification and prognosis in these @entity0 is unknown. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 65 @entity0 with low-flow, low-gradient @entity4 who underwent low-dose @entity3 stress echocardiography to determine @entity4 severity and to ascertain flow reserve status (>= 20% @entity1 volume increase). Clinical, demographic, and imaging data were prospectively collected. Per guidelines, @entity2 was defined as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion  <  16  mm in the apical four-chamber view and measured at baseline. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to risk-adjust comparisons for the end point of all-cause mortality. RESULTS: The mean age was 74      9  years, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 29      10%, the mean indexed aortic valve (AV) area was 0.49      0.1  cm(2)/m(2), and the mean AV gradient 22      7  mm  Hg. @entity2 was present in 37 @entity0 (57% of the study cohort). After a median follow-up period of 13  months (interquartile range, 5-30  months), there were 29 AV replacements and 30 deaths. The presence of @entity2 (hazard ratio, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.21-6.75; P  =  .02) was an independent risk factor associated with all-cause mortality despite many adjustments for potential clinical and echocardiographic confounders such as AV replacement, Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score, severity of @entity5 , and @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Baseline @entity2 is prevalent in @entity0 with low-flow, low-gradient @entity4 undergoing @entity3 stress echocardiography. Quantification of right ventricular systolic function in these complex @entity0 provides important prognostic value and risk stratification adjunctive to Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score and should be incorporated into the decision-making process.

title: Right Ventricular Function and Prognosis in @entity0 with Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Severe XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with low left ventricular ejection fractions and low-flow, low-gradient @entity4 ( @entity4 ) represent a challenging cohort with high morbidity and mortality. The prevalence and clinical impact of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on risk stratification and prognosis in these @entity0 is unknown. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 65 @entity0 with low-flow, low-gradient @entity4 who underwent low-dose @entity3 stress echocardiography to determine @entity4 severity and to ascertain flow reserve status (>= 20% @entity1 volume increase). Clinical, demographic, and imaging data were prospectively collected. Per guidelines, @entity2 was defined as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion  <  16  mm in the apical four-chamber view and measured at baseline. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to risk-adjust comparisons for the end point of all-cause mortality. RESULTS: The mean age was 74      9  years, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 29      10%, the mean indexed aortic valve (AV) area was 0.49      0.1  cm(2)/m(2), and the mean AV gradient 22      7  mm  Hg. @entity2 was present in 37 @entity0 (57% of the study cohort). After a median follow-up period of 13  months (interquartile range, 5-30  months), there were 29 AV replacements and 30 deaths. The presence of @entity2 (hazard ratio, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.21-6.75; P  =  .02) was an independent risk factor associated with all-cause mortality despite many adjustments for potential clinical and echocardiographic confounders such as AV replacement, Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score, severity of @entity5 , and @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Baseline @entity2 is prevalent in @entity0 with low-flow, low-gradient @entity4 undergoing @entity3 stress echocardiography. Quantification of right ventricular systolic function in these complex @entity0 provides important prognostic value and risk stratification adjunctive to Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score and should be incorporated into the decision-making process.

title: Right Ventricular Function and Prognosis in XXXX with Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Severe @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Objective It is unclear how well different outcome measures in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) perform in predicting @entity1 survival. We assess the ability of RCT @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and surrogate endpoints - progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) - to predict @entity1 . Methods We identified 20 treatments and 31 indications for breast, @entity2 that had a phase III RCT reporting median @entity4 and median PFS or @entity3 . Median @entity4 was determined using a Kaplan-Meier estimator applied to @entity0 in the Surveillance and Epidemiology End Results (SEER)-Medicare database (1991-2010). Performance of RCT @entity4 and PFS/ @entity3 in predicting @entity4 was measured using t-tests, median absolute prediction error, and R(2) from linear regressions. Results Among 72,600 SEER-Medicare @entity0 similar to RCT @entity0 , median survival was 5.9 months for trial surrogates, 14.1 months for @entity4 , and 13.4 months for @entity4 . For this sample, regression models using clinical @entity4 and trial surrogates as independent variables predicted @entity4 significantly better than models using surrogates alone (P   =   0.026). Among all real-world @entity0 using sample treatments (N   =   309,182), however, adding @entity4 did not improve predictive power over predictions based on surrogates alone (P   =   0.194). Results were qualitatively similar using median absolute prediction error and R(2) metrics. Conclusions Among the five @entity1 types investigated, @entity4 and surrogates were each independently valuable in predicting @entity4 outcomes for @entity0 similar to trial @entity0 . In broader real-world populations, however, @entity4 added little incremental value over surrogates alone.

title: The value of surrogate endpoints for predicting real-world survival across five XXXX types.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The design of an appropriate microenvironment for stem cell differentiation constitutes a multitask mission and a critical step toward the clinical application of tissue substitutes. With the aim of producing a bioactive material for orthopedic applications, a transforming growth factor-b ( @entity4 )/ @entity2 (HA) association within an alginate-based scaffold was investigated. The bioactive scaffold was carefully designed to offer specific biochemical cues for an efficient and selective cell differentiation toward the bony and chondral lineages. METHODS: Highly porous alginate scaffolds were fabricated from a mixture of @entity0 cross-linked alginates by means of a freeze-drying technique. In the chondral layer, the TGF in @entity3 was mixed with an alginate/alginate- @entity1 solution. In the bony layer, HA granules were added as bioactive signal, to offer an osteoinductive surface to the cells. Optical and scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed to assess the macro-micro architecture of the biphasic scaffold. Different mechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the elastic modulus of the grafts. For the biological validation of the developed prototype, mesenchymal stem cells were loaded onto the samples; cellular adhesion, proliferation and in vivo biocompatibility were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results successfully demonstrated the efficacy of the designed osteochondral graft, which combined interesting functional properties and biomechanical performances, thus becoming a promising candidate for osteochondral tissue-engineering applications.

title: Bioactive XXXX /HA alginate-based scaffolds for osteochondral tissue repair: design, realization and multilevel characterization.

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study was conducted to determine whether chylomicron remnants accumulate in the plasma of @entity0 with "endogenous" @entity5 . @entity10 were used as markers of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants since they are carried mainly if not exclusively by lipoproteins of intestinal origin. Seventy-six fasting normotriglyceridemic and @entity9 @entity0 were studied 12 to 15 hours after ingesting 25,000 IU of @entity4 . Plasma @entity4 and @entity10 were measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. @entity11 was assessed by flotation at unit gravity and by chylomicron flocculation in 3% @entity6 . Plasma lipids, @entity7 , lipoprotein @entity1 , and the electrophoretic mobility of very-low density lipoproteins were determined in a subset of 36 subjects. Progressively elevated plasma @entity10 concentrations were observed among @entity0 with mild, moderate, and severe @entity5 . All subjects with fasting @entity11 had @entity10 retention. The majority of subjects with mild or moderate @entity5 (predominantly type IV @entity8 ) also had elevated plasma concentrations of @entity10 . Total plasma @entity10 and plasma @entity2 concentrations correlated significantly (rs = 0.721, P less than 0.001) in nonchylomicronemic subjects. In addition, total plasma @entity4 concentrations were mildly elevated among @entity9 subjects because @entity4 , as well as @entity10 , is transported by @entity2 -rich lipoproteins. If lipoprotein remnants are atherogenic in @entity0 , then chylomicron remnant retention may accelerate @entity3 in @entity9 individuals.

title: Postchallenge plasma lipoprotein @entity7 : chylomicron remnants in endogenous XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: This study was conducted to determine whether chylomicron remnants accumulate in the plasma of @entity0 with "endogenous" @entity5 . @entity10 were used as markers of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants since they are carried mainly if not exclusively by lipoproteins of intestinal origin. Seventy-six fasting normotriglyceridemic and @entity9 @entity0 were studied 12 to 15 hours after ingesting 25,000 IU of @entity4 . Plasma @entity4 and @entity10 were measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. @entity11 was assessed by flotation at unit gravity and by chylomicron flocculation in 3% @entity6 . Plasma lipids, @entity7 , lipoprotein @entity1 , and the electrophoretic mobility of very-low density lipoproteins were determined in a subset of 36 subjects. Progressively elevated plasma @entity10 concentrations were observed among @entity0 with mild, moderate, and severe @entity5 . All subjects with fasting @entity11 had @entity10 retention. The majority of subjects with mild or moderate @entity5 (predominantly type IV @entity8 ) also had elevated plasma concentrations of @entity10 . Total plasma @entity10 and plasma @entity2 concentrations correlated significantly (rs = 0.721, P less than 0.001) in nonchylomicronemic subjects. In addition, total plasma @entity4 concentrations were mildly elevated among @entity9 subjects because @entity4 , as well as @entity10 , is transported by @entity2 -rich lipoproteins. If lipoprotein remnants are atherogenic in @entity0 , then chylomicron remnant retention may accelerate @entity3 in @entity9 individuals.

title: Postchallenge plasma lipoprotein XXXX : chylomicron remnants in endogenous @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Of 770 hypofunctioning thyroid nodules subjected to needle biopsy since 1977, the fluid of 172 cysts (22%) was aspirated. The fluid, cytologically examined, showed no evidence of @entity3 except in three instances: @entity5 that were subsequently treated surgically. Of the cystic lesions, 19 (11%) recurred and were treated by reaspiration and the instillation of @entity4 into the cyst cavity. In all but one instance this resulted in obliteration of the cysts (95%). This is a considerably higher rate of success than that reported from aspiration alone (40% to 85%). The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 42 months, with no recurrence or subsequent development of a thyroid nodule in these @entity0 . The one recurrent cyst was reaspirated and reinstilled a second time, which resulted in great reduction in size. Not considered for this procedure were @entity0 in whom the cytologic condition of the fluid was abnormal or indicative of a @entity1 . Also excluded were those in whom there was incomplete decompression of the cyst, manifested by a persistent nodule. No @entity0 had a history of @entity2 irradiation or cervical @entity6 , both contraindications for this procedure. No @entity0 had grossly bloody aspirates. Recurrence of @entity8 after aspiration was not thought to be, in itself, a criterion for surgical selection. The effective use of @entity4 as a sclerosing agent in the treatment of @entity7 is well documented. Its action in producing symphysis is thought to be related to its low pH (2.0). This procedure is safe, simple, cost effective, and well tolerated by @entity0 . It obviates the need for excision in @entity0 who fulfill the aforementioned criteria.

title: Percutaneous tetracycline instillation for sclerosis of recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Skull base surgery has evolved to a point that its focus is now shifting to outcome analysis. To do so for @entity8 is difficult. The rarity of the @entity1 , different treatment philosophies, and variations in reporting complicate the outcome analysis. With this limitation in mind, we analyzed the literature on this disease and report the combined outcomes in a unified fashion in hopes that it will serve as a starting point for further prospective analysis. Data was extracted from all available reports on MEDLINE/PubMed published in English. All studies were retrospective and uncontrolled. The majority of studies represent the experience of a single surgeon at a single institution. Of the 19 studies with detailed demographic and outcome data, no data met criteria for meta-analysis. A total of 1000 @entity0 were reported. The mean age of the @entity0 was 50 years. The male to female ratio is 1:3. GTR (gross total resection) was reported in 49% of @entity0 . Thirty-four percent of @entity0 experienced some @entity2 in the early postoperative period (<3 months). The most common morbidities reported were @entity3 (34.4% [range: 20 to 79%]) with @entity9 accounting for 19%, followed by @entity2 (14%), @entity5 rates (1.6%), CSF leaks (5%), @entity6 (1.2%), and @entity7 (1%). @entity4 within 1 year of surgery was reported for 1.4% of @entity0 . Once considered untreatable, @entity8 can now be approached relatively safely. There, however, still remains an    34% morbidity with the most common being cranial nerve. Despite this, >75% of @entity0 return to independence at 1 year, many of which will resume employment. The nature of this study limits the conclusions that can be drawn; however, it provides some generalizations that may help guide @entity0 questions regarding treatment outcomes.

title: Surgery for XXXX : a comprehensive review of outcomes in the skull base surgery era.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the current status of care provided by the @entity1 Center at Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 260 @entity0 were randomly selected from the @entity1 @entity0 attending the @entity1 Center. Study tools comprised @entity0 ' data sheets and @entity0 ' interview questionnaire. RESULTS: Two-thirds of the @entity0 were aged 50 years or more. Half of @entity0 had had the disease for less than 10 years. Diet therapy alone was followed by 2.3% of @entity1 @entity0 . More than half of @entity0 (56.5%) were on insulin. Most of the @entity1 @entity0 were tested for HbA1c at least once per year (88.1%), and 71.5% had their lipid profile done at least once within two years. Low indicators included having a dilated eye examination (35.4%), assessment for @entity2 (28.8%), and having a well-documented foot examination (12.7%). Highest risk HbA1c level (>9.5%) was reached by 38.8% of @entity0 , 48.8% had a low-density lipoprotein level of <130 mg/dl, and 36.5% of @entity0 had controlled blood pressure ( <=130/80 mmHg). Most @entity0 were satisfied with their interaction with the treating doctor, 41.5% were satisfied with access to treatment. @entity3 was found to be the most frequent comorbidity (38.5%). CONCLUSION: The quality of services as regard to process and outcome are low at the @entity1 Center. The overall @entity1 @entity0 ' satisfaction was high, whereas their satisfaction was low as regards to access to treatment or health professionals.

title: Quality of XXXX care at Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2006.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 of the prostate is an extremely rare and highly aggressive @entity2 that accounts for less than 0.1% of primary @entity6 . Long-term survival rates for adult @entity0 with @entity5 are poor. Surgical treatment seems to be the most effective therapeutic approach. In contrast radiation therapy alone has shown limited efficacy. AIM: The purpose of the study is to present a case of @entity4 of the prostate treated with a combination of radiotherapy and TURP. CASE REPORT: A 76-year-old @entity0 treated with TURP due to acute urinary retention was finally diagnosed with @entity4 upon pathology examination of the surgical specimen. @entity0 was initially treated with external beam radiotherapy. Six months later, he presented with urinary retention suggesting extension of the @entity2 into the bladder neck. Pathology report diagnosed @entity5 containing also large areas of @entity3 . @entity0 underwent an extensive TURP and he received a second round radiotherapy. One year after the initial diagnosis of @entity4 , @entity0 is free of symptoms and follow up investigation shows no evidence of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Radiation therapy in combination with extensive TURP may delay disease progression.

title: XXXX as accidental finding in transurethral resection of prostate specimen. A case report and systematic review of current literature.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Acquired @entity8 (AVWS) is a rare @entity10 distinguished from @entity8 by age at presentation and absence of personal and family history of @entity10 . We report on 22 @entity0 with AVWS seen over 25 years. Mean age at diagnosis was 61.3 years (range 38-86 years); most @entity0 had a spontaneous or a post-operative @entity3 at presentation. @entity2 and @entity6 were the most common spontaneous symptoms. Bleeding time was prolonged in most @entity0 , associated with marked reductions in plasma @entity8 factor antigen and @entity12 cofactor activity. Plasma @entity9 multimer distribution was normal (type 1 pattern) in 5 @entity0 , indeterminate (no multimers detectable) in 6 @entity0 (type 3 pattern), and abnormal (decreased higher-molecular-weight multimers, type 2 pattern) in 11 @entity0 . None of 17 @entity0 tested had an inhibitor of @entity12 cofactor activity. An underlying @entity7 was found in 18 @entity0 , and 1 @entity0 had @entity1 . @entity11 was effective in only half the @entity0 so treated, but all @entity0 responded to treatment with @entity9 -containing concentrates. Resolution of AVWS occurred with therapy of @entity4 (1 @entity0 ) and @entity5 (1 @entity0 ). Sixteen @entity0 were alive at last follow-up; no deaths were related to @entity3 . AVWS may be more prevalent than has been appreciated; we estimate up to 0.04%. Awareness of the existence of AVWS is essential for diagnosis and appropriate management. Therapy of associated diseases may improve the @entity10 .

title: Acquired XXXX : a single institution experience.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The authors conducted a retrospective study of 7 @entity0 treated with tibiotalocalcaneal Marchetti-Vicenzi nailing (one anterograde and six retrograde nails). All these @entity0 had developed @entity4 after previous arthrodesis for posttraumatic @entity3 . The results were evaluated clinically and radiographically at a median time of four years. Fusion occurred in three @entity0 , in one of them only after removal of the proximal locking screw. Of the remaining four @entity0 , one achieved consolidation after replacement of the Marchetti-Vicenzi nail by another intramedullary nail, two were lost to follow-up after replacement by external or internal fixation, and the last @entity0 developed @entity4 again. At least nine additional interventions were necessary in six @entity0 , including one amputation for intractable @entity2 and severe soft-tissue damage due to the @entity1 . None of the @entity0 had excellent or good results. The majority was unsatisfied with this type of intramedullary nailing. Therefore our study was terminated prematurely. Revision ankle fusion for nonunion or malunion after external or internal fixation has a high complication rate. Further study is mandatory to prevent or resolve remaining problems.

title: Tibiocalcaneal Marchetti-Vicenzi nailing in revision arthrodesis for posttraumatic XXXX of the ankle.

answer: @entity4


abstract: To detect general patterns and temporal trends of @entity2 resistance, we apply @entity1 ( @entity1 ) to in vitro fitness data. Twenty-eight thousand virus samples, obtained between 2002 and 2008, were assayed for fitness in 16 to 21 selective environments. Fitness measurements are based on replication capacity (RC), which quantifies in vitro viral replication in a single cycle of infection. RC is determined both in the absence of drugs and in the presence of 6-7 @entity0 analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 3-4 non- @entity0 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and 6-9 protease inhibitors (PIs). @entity1 shows remarkable structure in RC across the different environments, which reveals differences in the patterns of resistance and cross-resistance between drugs or between drug classes. To probe the causes of the observed patterns, we develop a model to generate simulated data and subject these simulated data to an equivalent analysis. By comparing the outcomes of @entity1 on the original and the simulated data, we quantify which part of the total variance of the original data is due to non-specific effects, class-specific effects, and drug-specific effects of resistance mutations. We find that relative fitness is mainly drug-independent and that drug-specific effects are substantially bigger than class-specific effects for NRTIs, but not for NNRTIs or PIs. The observed patterns remain remarkably stable over the period of observation. Comparison with known potent combination therapies suggests that @entity1 helps to identify combinations that act synergistically in preventing the emergence of resistance.

title: Principal component analysis of general patterns of XXXX replicative fitness in different drug environments.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We utilized a transgenic @entity1 model where nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) is selectively inhibited in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) expressing cells. The transgene, @entity8 -IkBa-dn, overexpresses a dominant negative form of the inhibitor of NF-kB (IkBa) under the control of the @entity8 promoter. In the present work, we sought to understand the impact of glial NF-kB inhibition on the expression of @entity3 mediating sensory neuropeptides @entity10 and @entity9 ( @entity9 ) in a model of @entity0 in @entity1 . @entity7 ( @entity7 ) of the left sciatic nerve was performed on wild type (WT) and @entity8 -IkBa-dn @entity1 . RT-PCR and immunohistological staining were performed in sciatic nerve and/or L4-L5 DRG tissue for @entity10 , @entity9 and macrophage marker @entity6 . @entity8 -IkBa-dn @entity1 had less mechanical and thermal @entity5 compared to WT @entity1 post- @entity7 . After @entity7 , we observed @entity10 upregulation in DRG and sciatic nerve, which was less in @entity8 -IkBa-dn @entity1 . @entity9 gene expression in the DRG increased transiently on day 1 post- @entity7 in WT but not in @entity8 -IkBa-dn @entity1 , and no evidence of @entity9 upregulation in sciatic nerve post- @entity7 was found. After @entity7 , upregulation of @entity6 in sciatic nerve was less in @entity8 -IkBa-dn @entity1 compared to WT @entity1 , indicative of less macrophage infiltration. Our results showed that glial NF-kB inhibition reduces @entity10 and @entity9 expression, which are neuropeptides that correlate with @entity3 behavior and @entity2 after @entity4 .

title: Glial NF-kB inhibition alters neuropeptide expression after sciatic nerve injury in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Hyaluronidase has been gaining interest because it reduces tissue @entity1 and @entity3 . Although rare, hyaluronidase has been shown to cause @entity2 . A few cases of @entity2 following hyaluronidase administration have been reported. Most of the described @entity0 presented @entity2 after peribulbar anesthesia for eye surgery. In this report, we describe three @entity0 who experienced with @entity2 to hyaluronidase following @entity4 management. Two of the @entity0 had a history of uneventful injection with hyaluronidase. All @entity0 were afebrile and blood tests results were normal. Intradermal skin tests were positive. These clinical findings were helpful in establishing the differential diagnosis of @entity5 . Although @entity2 to hyaluronidase is rare and mostly benign, this must be considered before treating @entity0 .

title: XXXX to hyaluronidase in @entity4 management -A report of three cases-.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Hyaluronidase has been gaining interest because it reduces tissue @entity1 and @entity3 . Although rare, hyaluronidase has been shown to cause @entity2 . A few cases of @entity2 following hyaluronidase administration have been reported. Most of the described @entity0 presented @entity2 after peribulbar anesthesia for eye surgery. In this report, we describe three @entity0 who experienced with @entity2 to hyaluronidase following @entity4 management. Two of the @entity0 had a history of uneventful injection with hyaluronidase. All @entity0 were afebrile and blood tests results were normal. Intradermal skin tests were positive. These clinical findings were helpful in establishing the differential diagnosis of @entity5 . Although @entity2 to hyaluronidase is rare and mostly benign, this must be considered before treating @entity0 .

title: @entity2 to hyaluronidase in XXXX management -A report of three cases-.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 (TG) metabolism is crucial for whole body and local energy homeostasis and accumulating evidence suggests an independent association between plasma TG concentration and increased @entity4 risk. We previously generated a @entity1 insertional mutation lpd (lipid defect) whose phenotype included elevated plasma TG and @entity5 . Using shotgun sequencing (approximately 500 kb) and bioinformatics, we have now identified a novel @entity6 gene @entity8 (lpd @entity6 ) within the lpd locus, and demonstrate the genetic disruption of exon 10 of @entity8 in the lpd mutant locus. @entity8 is highly expressed in the testis and weakly expressed in the liver of 2-week old @entity1 . @entity0 @entity8 cDNA was subsequently cloned, and was found to encode a 460AA protein with 71% protein sequence identity to @entity1 @entity8 and approximately 35% identity to other known lipases. We next sequenced the @entity0 @entity8 gene exons in hypertriglyceridemic subjects and normal controls, and identified seven SNPs within the gene exons and six SNPs in the adjacent introns. Two hypertriglyceridemic subjects were heterozygous for a rare DNA variant, namely @entity7 ( @entity9 ), which was absent from 600 normal chromosomes. Two other coding SNPs were associated with variation in plasma HDL @entity2 in independent normolipidemic populations. Using bioinformatics, we identified another novel @entity6 designated @entity10 (for @entity10 ), which had 44% protein sequence identity with @entity8 . Together with the phospholipase gene @entity11 , @entity10 form a new @entity6 gene subfamily, which is characterized by shortened lid motif. Study of this @entity6 subfamily may identify novel molecular mechanisms for plasma and/or tissue TG metabolism.

title: Identification of a novel @entity6 gene mutated in lpd @entity1 with hypertriglyceridemia and associated with dyslipidemia in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 (TG) metabolism is crucial for whole body and local energy homeostasis and accumulating evidence suggests an independent association between plasma TG concentration and increased @entity4 risk. We previously generated a @entity1 insertional mutation lpd (lipid defect) whose phenotype included elevated plasma TG and @entity5 . Using shotgun sequencing (approximately 500 kb) and bioinformatics, we have now identified a novel @entity6 gene @entity8 (lpd @entity6 ) within the lpd locus, and demonstrate the genetic disruption of exon 10 of @entity8 in the lpd mutant locus. @entity8 is highly expressed in the testis and weakly expressed in the liver of 2-week old @entity1 . @entity0 @entity8 cDNA was subsequently cloned, and was found to encode a 460AA protein with 71% protein sequence identity to @entity1 @entity8 and approximately 35% identity to other known lipases. We next sequenced the @entity0 @entity8 gene exons in hypertriglyceridemic subjects and normal controls, and identified seven SNPs within the gene exons and six SNPs in the adjacent introns. Two hypertriglyceridemic subjects were heterozygous for a rare DNA variant, namely @entity7 ( @entity9 ), which was absent from 600 normal chromosomes. Two other coding SNPs were associated with variation in plasma HDL @entity2 in independent normolipidemic populations. Using bioinformatics, we identified another novel @entity6 designated @entity10 (for @entity10 ), which had 44% protein sequence identity with @entity8 . Together with the phospholipase gene @entity11 , @entity10 form a new @entity6 gene subfamily, which is characterized by shortened lid motif. Study of this @entity6 subfamily may identify novel molecular mechanisms for plasma and/or tissue TG metabolism.

title: Identification of a novel XXXX gene mutated in lpd @entity1 with hypertriglyceridemia and associated with dyslipidemia in @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 (TG) metabolism is crucial for whole body and local energy homeostasis and accumulating evidence suggests an independent association between plasma TG concentration and increased @entity4 risk. We previously generated a @entity1 insertional mutation lpd (lipid defect) whose phenotype included elevated plasma TG and @entity5 . Using shotgun sequencing (approximately 500 kb) and bioinformatics, we have now identified a novel @entity6 gene @entity8 (lpd @entity6 ) within the lpd locus, and demonstrate the genetic disruption of exon 10 of @entity8 in the lpd mutant locus. @entity8 is highly expressed in the testis and weakly expressed in the liver of 2-week old @entity1 . @entity0 @entity8 cDNA was subsequently cloned, and was found to encode a 460AA protein with 71% protein sequence identity to @entity1 @entity8 and approximately 35% identity to other known lipases. We next sequenced the @entity0 @entity8 gene exons in hypertriglyceridemic subjects and normal controls, and identified seven SNPs within the gene exons and six SNPs in the adjacent introns. Two hypertriglyceridemic subjects were heterozygous for a rare DNA variant, namely @entity7 ( @entity9 ), which was absent from 600 normal chromosomes. Two other coding SNPs were associated with variation in plasma HDL @entity2 in independent normolipidemic populations. Using bioinformatics, we identified another novel @entity6 designated @entity10 (for @entity10 ), which had 44% protein sequence identity with @entity8 . Together with the phospholipase gene @entity11 , @entity10 form a new @entity6 gene subfamily, which is characterized by shortened lid motif. Study of this @entity6 subfamily may identify novel molecular mechanisms for plasma and/or tissue TG metabolism.

title: Identification of a novel @entity6 gene mutated in lpd XXXX with hypertriglyceridemia and associated with dyslipidemia in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ventricular drainage has played an important role in the management of traumatic brain-injured @entity0 . The aim of the present study was describe outcomes in a series of 57 @entity0 with diffuse @entity1 underwent to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) monitoring. METHOD: Fifty-eight @entity0 with diffuse posttraumatic @entity1 , were evaluated prospectively. The Glasgow @entity4 Scale (GCS) scores of @entity0 varied from 4 to 12. @entity0 groups divided according to GCS and age. @entity0 neurological assessment was classified as favorable, unfavorable, and @entity2 . RESULTS: Mechanisms of injury were vehicle accidents in 72.4% and falls in 15.6%. 54% of @entity0 had GCS scores between 6 and 8. There were no statistical differences, regarding outcome, between groups separated by age. In the adults group (n=47), 44.7% evolved favorably. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate a poor prognosis in @entity0 with @entity1 . We believe that continuous ventricular CSF drainage with @entity3 monitoring is a simple method as an adjunct in the management of these @entity0 .

title: Continuous ventricular cerebrospinal fluid drainage with XXXX monitoring for management of posttraumatic diffuse @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ventricular drainage has played an important role in the management of traumatic brain-injured @entity0 . The aim of the present study was describe outcomes in a series of 57 @entity0 with diffuse @entity1 underwent to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) monitoring. METHOD: Fifty-eight @entity0 with diffuse posttraumatic @entity1 , were evaluated prospectively. The Glasgow @entity4 Scale (GCS) scores of @entity0 varied from 4 to 12. @entity0 groups divided according to GCS and age. @entity0 neurological assessment was classified as favorable, unfavorable, and @entity2 . RESULTS: Mechanisms of injury were vehicle accidents in 72.4% and falls in 15.6%. 54% of @entity0 had GCS scores between 6 and 8. There were no statistical differences, regarding outcome, between groups separated by age. In the adults group (n=47), 44.7% evolved favorably. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate a poor prognosis in @entity0 with @entity1 . We believe that continuous ventricular CSF drainage with @entity3 monitoring is a simple method as an adjunct in the management of these @entity0 .

title: Continuous ventricular cerebrospinal fluid drainage with @entity3 monitoring for management of posttraumatic diffuse XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 is an efficacious antidepressant; however, its safety during the perinatal period is uncertain. The objective of this study was to assess the transfer across the placenta and provide data on @entity0 exposure to @entity2 via breast milk. METHODS: A multiparous 31-year-old @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 had responded poorly to previous antidepressants, but had a full remission on @entity2 . She elected to remain on @entity2 for her third pregnancy and while breastfeeding. She gave birth to a healthy term @entity0 and there were no adverse events noted for the @entity0 exposed to @entity2 . @entity2 concentration was measured chromatographically in maternal and infant serum collected at birth, and in maternal milk and plasma and @entity0 plasma 18 days later, (C/M) concentration ratio was calculated. Absolute and relative @entity0 doses via milk were estimated and the percent drug in @entity0 versus mother's plasma was calculated. RESULTS: Cord/maternal serum concentration ratio for @entity2 was 0.12. Absolute @entity0 dose via milk was 7.6  g/L and relative @entity0 dose was 0.81%. The ratio of drug in the @entity0 's plasma to that in maternal plasma during lactation also gave a 0.82% @entity0 exposure estimate. CONCLUSIONS: The low C/M ratio suggests a limited transfer across the placenta. The relative @entity0 dose via milk was low by comparison to most other antidepressants, and this estimate confirmed the amount of drug in @entity0 plasma during lactation. Our data suggest that @entity2 may be used in pregnancy and lactation for selected @entity0 in whom other antidepressants have not been successful.

title: XXXX transfer across the placenta during pregnancy and into milk during lactation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent @entity3 (SAMMPRIS) Trial showed that aggressive medical therapy was more effective than stenting for preventing @entity3 in @entity0 with symptomatic @entity7 . However, 15% of @entity0 in the medical group still experienced a primary end point during a median follow-up of 32.7 months. OBJECTIVE: To determine baseline features that were associated with a high rate of a primary end point in the medical arm of the SAMMPRIS Trial. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : A post hoc analysis of @entity0 in the medical arm only of the SAMMPRIS trial. Enrollment occurred between October 2008 and April 2013 and included 227 @entity0 randomized to medical management alone. Baseline demographic features, vascular risk factors, qualifying event, brain imaging, and angiographic features were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariable proportional hazard regression modeling was performed to relate baseline features to the time until a primary end point. The post hoc analysis was conducted from November 2014 to June 2015. INTERVENTIONS: The SAMMPRIS Trial compared stenting with aggressive medical management in @entity0 with a @entity3 or transient @entity2 attack attributed to 70% to 99% @entity6 of a major intracranial artery. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was any of the following: @entity3 or @entity4 within 30 days of enrollment, @entity5 in the territory of the symptomatic intracranial artery beyond 30 days after enrollment, or any @entity3 or @entity4 within 30 days after stenting a @entity0 in the medical group during follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 227 @entity0 were included in the study, 82 of whom were female, and the mean (SD) age was 59.5 (11.8) years. Being female (hazard ratio [HR], 1.9; 95% CI, 0.96-3.7), having @entity1 (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.9-3.5), not taking a statin at enrollment (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.7), @entity3 as the qualifying event (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.03-6.0), Rankin grade of 1 or greater (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.9-5.5), old @entity8 (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3-5.1), and greater than 80% @entity6 (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.9-3.7) were associated (P   <   .10) with higher risk on bivariate analysis. Factors that were significantly associated with a primary end point on multivariable analyses were old @entity8 in the territory (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3-5.3; P   =   .006), @entity3 as the qualifying event (HR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.1-7.7; P   =   .03), and no statin use at enrollment (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.2; P   =   .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Old @entity8 in the territory of the @entity6 , new @entity3 presentation, and absence of statin use at enrollment were independently associated with high rates of the primary end point in the medical group in the SAMMPRIS Trial. These features may be useful for selecting high-risk @entity0 for future clinical trials evaluating alternative therapies for @entity7 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00576693.

title: Factors Associated With Recurrent XXXX in the Medical Group of the SAMMPRIS Trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: While recent literature has described the prevalence of @entity7 in @entity0 with @entity8 , @entity3 , and @entity1 , it is unclear what the prevalence is in the general population. This study evaluates the prevalence of @entity2 and @entity4 in the general @entity0 population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 355 of 600 consecutive @entity0 who underwent CT angiography of the head met the inclusion criteria. The diameters of the dural venous sinuses were recorded. Each study was evaluated by a neuroradiologist for the presence of stenoses. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed by a statistician. RESULTS: The prevalence of unilateral @entity7 or @entity4 in a sample of @entity0 representing the general population was 33%, the prevalence of bilateral @entity7 was 5%, and the prevalence of @entity6 with @entity5 was 1%. A multivariate analysis identified arachnoid granulations as a predictor of @entity6 (p<0.001). Gender trended toward significance (p=0.094). Race was not a significant predictor of @entity6 (p=0.745). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of bilateral @entity7 in the general population is not trivial. These data may be used as a reference for understanding the mechanistic role of stenoses in @entity8 , @entity3 , and @entity1 .

title: Prevalence of dural XXXX and @entity4 in a generalized population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: While recent literature has described the prevalence of @entity7 in @entity0 with @entity8 , @entity3 , and @entity1 , it is unclear what the prevalence is in the general population. This study evaluates the prevalence of @entity2 and @entity4 in the general @entity0 population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 355 of 600 consecutive @entity0 who underwent CT angiography of the head met the inclusion criteria. The diameters of the dural venous sinuses were recorded. Each study was evaluated by a neuroradiologist for the presence of stenoses. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed by a statistician. RESULTS: The prevalence of unilateral @entity7 or @entity4 in a sample of @entity0 representing the general population was 33%, the prevalence of bilateral @entity7 was 5%, and the prevalence of @entity6 with @entity5 was 1%. A multivariate analysis identified arachnoid granulations as a predictor of @entity6 (p<0.001). Gender trended toward significance (p=0.094). Race was not a significant predictor of @entity6 (p=0.745). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of bilateral @entity7 in the general population is not trivial. These data may be used as a reference for understanding the mechanistic role of stenoses in @entity8 , @entity3 , and @entity1 .

title: Prevalence of dural @entity2 and XXXX in a generalized population.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of @entity2 events is relatively common after endovascular interventions, and flow diverters may pose a particular threat owing to their increased technical complexity and high metal content. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and potential risk factors for @entity4 after treatment with a Pipeline embolization device (PED). METHODS: This prospective study included a total of 59 @entity0 electively treated with a PED over 12   months. Postprocedural diffusion-weighted imaging sequences of the brain were obtained 24   h after interventions to detect @entity5 . Demographic data, @entity3 characteristics, antiplatelet management, and perioperative data were correlated with the rate of @entity2 events. RESULTS: The incidence of silent @entity2 events after use of a PED was 62.7% (37 @entity0 ) and @entity1 occurred in 8.1% of affected @entity0 . Development of @entity2 events was significantly associated with older @entity0 (>= 60   years; p=0.038). Routine use of platelet function assays and newer @entity6 receptor inhibitors (ticagrelor) were not associated with fewer @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 events are relatively common after treatment with a PED with an incidence comparable to stent-assisted and conventional coiling but the risk of @entity1 from @entity2 burden is low. Older @entity0 are at particularly increased risk of @entity4 .

title: Silent XXXX events after Pipeline embolization device: a prospective evaluation with MR diffusion-weighted imaging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Some of the biggest barriers to increase @entity2 screening are negative attitudes to screening tests. These negative attitudes might be evoked through reading @entity1 prevention information and impede the decision to get screened. Forty-two adults aged >= 50  years completed a 12-item attitude questionnaire after reading @entity2 prevention information. African-Americans perceived that others had higher @entity1 risk than themselves whereas Caucasians did not show the difference. Regardless of ethnicity and adherence to screening guidelines, no @entity0 had strong feelings of fear and embarrassment. However, non-adherent Caucasians had higher @entity3 than adherent Caucasians. The degree of negativity was not associated with intention to get screened in non-adherent @entity0 . Adequate health literacy of @entity0 may account for flat responses in negative attitudes. Further research in individuals with limited health literacy is recommended. Moreover, additional education about self-relevance of @entity1 risk is considered necessary to increase @entity1 awareness in African-Americans.

title: Attitudes to XXXX screening after reading the prevention information.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence and study the causes and outcome of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). DESIGN: Active surveillance of newborn @entity0 using the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit notification system and follow up study of outcome at 6 months of age. SETTING: The United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. @entity0 : Newborn @entity0 presenting with a flaccid paresis of the arm (usually one, rarely both) born between April 1998 and March 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Extent of the lesion at birth and degree of recovery at 6 months of age. FINDINGS: There were 323 confirmed cases giving an incidence of 0.42 per 1000 live births (1 in 2300). Significant associated risk factors in comparison with the normal population were @entity2 (60% v 0.3%), high birth weight with 53% @entity0 weighing more than the 90th centile, and assisted delivery (relative risk (RR) 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9 to 3.9, p = 0.0001). There was a considerably lower risk of @entity3 in @entity0 delivered by caesarean section (RR 7, 95% CI 2 to 56, p = 0.002). At about 6 months of age, about half of the @entity0 had recovered fully, but the remainder showed incomplete recovery including 2% with no recovery. The relative risk of partial or no recovery in @entity0 with extensive lesions soon after birth compared with those with less extensive lesions was 11.28 (95% CI 2.38 to 63.66, p = 0.000005). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity3 in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland is strikingly similar to that previously reported nearly 40 years ago. Most cases are due to @entity1 at delivery, which is not necessarily excessive or inappropriate. Given the uncertainty about the appropriate management of these @entity0 , serious consideration should be given to a formal clinical trial of microsurgical nerve repair.

title: XXXX : incidence, causes, and outcome in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Although radical cystectomy is considered to be the primary treatment for muscle-invasive @entity1 , it is associated with unfavorable outcome. Local recurrence is still a major problem. Survival rates as well as quality of live are far from being satisfactory. Postoperative radiotherapy is considered the standard adjuvant treatment in the NCI-Egypt. This is a prospective randomized study conducted to compare preoperative with postoperative radiotherapy as regard the survival and complication rates. @entity0 AND METHODS: In the period from May, 2004 to June 2007, 100 eligible @entity0 were included into the study, 50 @entity0 in each treatment arm. Pelvic irradiation was identical in both groups aiming at 50 Gy/25 Fs/5 wk. Radical cystectomy was the standard surgery. Locoregional control, survival rates, and complications rates were compared in both arms. RESULTS: @entity0 had a median follow-up period of 32 months (range 0-69 months). @entity0 had an average age of 54.8    9.5 years with a male/female ratio 3:1. In the present study, transitional cell @entity2 constitutes (51%), @entity3 was reported in 46% of cases. Grades II and III pathology were 81% and 17%, respectively. Pathological stage P2b was encountered in 39.5% of the @entity0 followed by P3b (33.3%) and P3a (14.6%). For the preoperative group, the 3-year overall survival, disease-free survival, locoregional control, and metastases-free survival rates were 53.4%, 47.4%, 89.3%, and 61.5%, respectively. The corresponding figures for the postoperative group were 51.8%, 34.1%, 80.6%, and 55.7% for the postoperative group. None of the @entity0 had serious radiation reactions. CONCLUSION: In our study, preoperative radiotherapy was almost equivalent to postoperative radiation therapy as regard OS, DFS, as well as complication rates. Given the recent physical developments in radiation therapy techniques and the biological rationale for treating the pelvis after cystectomy, adjuvant radiotherapy should be re-evaluated world wide. Preoperative radiotherapy may re-emerge as a useful tool for adjuvant treatment.

title: A prospective randomized trial for postoperative vs. preoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for muscle-invasive XXXX .

answer: @entity1