abstract: The fate of @entity2 cells after @entity4 has been thoroughly described in @entity1 , but not in @entity0 , despite the fact that this species is amply used as a model to study different experimental paradigms that affect @entity2 cell population. Here we have analyzed, quantitatively and topographically, the course of @entity0 @entity2 cells loss induced by intraorbital nerve transection. To do this, we have doubly identified @entity2 cells in all retinas by tracing them from their main retinorecipient area, the superior colliculi, and by their expression of @entity3 (product of @entity3 gene). In @entity1 , this transcription factor is expressed by a majority of @entity2 cells; however in @entity0 it is not known how many out of the whole population of these neurons express it. Thus, in this work we have assessed, as well, the total population of @entity3 positive @entity2 cells. These were automatically quantified in all whole-mounted retinas using a newly developed routine. In control retinas, traced- @entity2 cells were automatically quantified, using the previously reported method (Salinas-Navarro et  al., 2009b). After @entity4 , though, traced- @entity2 cells had to be manually quantified by retinal sampling and their total population was afterwards inferred. In na  ve whole-mounts, the mean (  standard deviation) total number of traced- @entity2 cells was 40,437(  3196) and of @entity3 positive ones was 34,697(  1821). @entity2 cell loss was first significant for both markers 5 days post-axotomy and by day 21, the last time point analyzed, only 15% or 12% of traced or @entity3 positive @entity2 cells respectively, survived. Isodensity maps showed that, in control retinas, @entity3 and traced- @entity2 cells were distributed similarly, being densest in the dorsal retina along the naso-temporal axis. After axotomy the progressive loss of @entity3 positive @entity2 cells was diffuse and affected the entire retina. In conclusion, this is the first study assessing the values, in terms of total number and density, of the @entity2 cells surviving axotomy from 2 till 21 days post-lesion. Besides, we have demonstrated that @entity3 is expressed by 85.6% of the total @entity2 cell population, and because @entity3 positive @entity2 cells show the same spatial distribution and temporal course of degeneration than traced ones, @entity3 is a reliable marker to identify, quantify and assess, ex-vivo, @entity2 cell loss in this species.

title: Axotomy-induced retinal ganglion cell death in adult XXXX : quantitative and topographic time course analyses.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of preexisting @entity1 detected by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) on long-term survival, and cardiac and neurologic events after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: Of 923 @entity0 who underwent CABG between 1994 and 2007, 887 @entity0 (96.1%) were followed up. Preoperative brain MRI and MRA were performed in 619 @entity0 . @entity1 was detected by brain MRI and MRA in 158 @entity0 (group A), but not in 461 @entity0 (group B). Preoperative characteristics, follow-up survival, and cardiac and neurological events were investigated. RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 6.0    4.3 years. Univariate analysis showed that @entity0 in group A (68.5    6.5 years) were older than those in group B (64.5    8.6 years) (p = 0.0001). Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction was less in group A (0.516    0.175) than in group B (0.556    0.165) (p = 0.02). The prevalence of @entity3 was higher in group A (14 @entity0 : 8.9%) than in group B (11 @entity0 : 2.4%) (p = 0.001). The rate of on-pump CABG was lower in group A (115 @entity0 ; 72.8%) than in group B (383 @entity0 ; 83.1%) (p = 0.007). Survival rate was significantly lower (p = 0.062), and freedom from major adverse cardiac event or @entity2 were significantly lower in group A (p = 0.0002, and p = 0.0001, respectively; log-rank test). However, the Cox proportional hazard model showed that preoperative @entity4 detected by brain MRI and MRA affected only freedom from neurologic events (p = 0.02; hazard ratio 2.52; 95% confidence interval 1.13 to 5.62), but not survival (p = 0.67) or major adverse cardiac event (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Preexisting ischemic findings on brain MRI and MRA in @entity0 who underwent CABG were related only to long-term freedom from @entity2 , but were not related to survival or major adverse cardiac event.

title: Impact of preexisting XXXX detected by magnetic resonance imaging and angiography on late outcome after coronary artery bypass surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Electromyographic registration of a skeletal muscle allows to point out not only the phasic activation but also the tonic activity which otherwise is difficult to value. We registered the spontaneous electromyographic activity of the gastrocnemius muscle in stressed @entity0 . The intensity of the electromyographic signal is measured by electronic rectification and integration. We studied the dose-effect correlation of some neurotropic drugs: @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity1 . @entity2 progressively reduces the spontaneous mioelectric activity until the whole abolition. At the studied doses Meprobamate doesn't reduce completely the spontaneous activity. At small doses of Pentobarbitral the spontaneous activity increases while at high doses it's abolished. At small doses @entity4 becomes an exciting drug while at higher doses it reduces the spontaneous mioelectric activity. @entity3 at small doses inhibits the spontaneous activity while at high doses it seems to increase it. At all tested doses @entity1 remarkably increases the spontaneous mioelectric activity.

title: [Effect of some psychotropic drugs on spontaneous electromyographic activity in the stressed XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and long-term outcomes of our initial series of robot-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. METHODS: We conducted a prospective analysis of our series of robotic sacrocolpopexy. INCLUSION CRITERIA: @entity0 with grades III and IV cystocele and or other symptomatic @entity5 . We performed a transperitoneal four-trocar technique with the Da Vinci robotic system using two @entity6 meshes for fixation to the sacral promontory. The primary outcome was recurrence; secondary outcomes included operating room time, @entity1 , conversion to open surgery, complications and length of stay. RESULTS: 31 consecutive procedures were included. Mean @entity0 age was 65.2 (50-81) years. Mean operating room time was 186 (150-230) min. We converted 1 case to laparoscopy (3.2%). There were two major complications (1 acute @entity3 and 1 reoperation for excess tension with @entity4 ), two minor complications (1 wound @entity2 and 1 ileus) and no recurrences at a mean follow-up of 24.5 (16-33) months. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic sacrocolpopexy could possibly improve with experience after overcoming the learning curve. There is no doubt it is a reproducible technique, but its safety and efficacy still need to be proven. Our initial series demonstrated good outcomes and no recurrences at 24.5 months of follow-up.

title: Long-term outcomes after robotic sacrocolpopexy in XXXX : prospective analysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fungal spores are the predominant biological particulate in the atmosphere of Puerto Rico, yet their potential as allergens has not been studied in subjects with @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to determine the level of sensitization of subjects with @entity3 to these particles. METHODS: Serum samples were drawn from 33 subjects with @entity1 , @entity4 , or nonallergic @entity5 and 2 controls with different skin prick test reactivity. An MK-3 sampler was used to collect air samples and the reactivity of the sera to fungal particles was detected with a halogen immunoassay. RESULTS: All subjects reacted to at least 1 fungal particle. Thirty-one subjects reacted to ascospores, 29 to basidiospores, 19 to hyphae/ @entity0 , and 12 to mitospores. The median percentage of haloes in @entity4 subjects was 4.82% while @entity1 or nonallergic @entity5 subjects had values of 1.09 and 0.39%, respectively. Subjects with skin prick tests positive to 3, 2, 1, or no extract had 5.24, 1.09, 1.61, and, 0.57% of haloed particles, respectively. If skin prick tests were positive to basidiomycetes, pollen, animals, or deuteromycetes, the percentages of haloes were 4.72, 4.15, 3.63, and 3.31%, respectively. Of all haloed particles, 46% were unidentified, 25% ascospores, 20% basidiospores, 7% hyphae/ @entity0 , and 2% mitospores. IgE levels and the number of positive skin prick test extracts correlated with the percentage of haloes. CONCLUSION: In tropical environments, sensitization to airborne basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, and @entity0 seems to be more prevalent than sensitization to mitospores in subjects with active @entity2 , suggesting a possible role in exacerbations of @entity3 .

title: Sensitization to airborne ascospores, basidiospores, and XXXX in @entity4 and asthmatic subjects in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fungal spores are the predominant biological particulate in the atmosphere of Puerto Rico, yet their potential as allergens has not been studied in subjects with @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to determine the level of sensitization of subjects with @entity3 to these particles. METHODS: Serum samples were drawn from 33 subjects with @entity1 , @entity4 , or nonallergic @entity5 and 2 controls with different skin prick test reactivity. An MK-3 sampler was used to collect air samples and the reactivity of the sera to fungal particles was detected with a halogen immunoassay. RESULTS: All subjects reacted to at least 1 fungal particle. Thirty-one subjects reacted to ascospores, 29 to basidiospores, 19 to hyphae/ @entity0 , and 12 to mitospores. The median percentage of haloes in @entity4 subjects was 4.82% while @entity1 or nonallergic @entity5 subjects had values of 1.09 and 0.39%, respectively. Subjects with skin prick tests positive to 3, 2, 1, or no extract had 5.24, 1.09, 1.61, and, 0.57% of haloed particles, respectively. If skin prick tests were positive to basidiomycetes, pollen, animals, or deuteromycetes, the percentages of haloes were 4.72, 4.15, 3.63, and 3.31%, respectively. Of all haloed particles, 46% were unidentified, 25% ascospores, 20% basidiospores, 7% hyphae/ @entity0 , and 2% mitospores. IgE levels and the number of positive skin prick test extracts correlated with the percentage of haloes. CONCLUSION: In tropical environments, sensitization to airborne basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, and @entity0 seems to be more prevalent than sensitization to mitospores in subjects with active @entity2 , suggesting a possible role in exacerbations of @entity3 .

title: Sensitization to airborne ascospores, basidiospores, and @entity0 in XXXX and asthmatic subjects in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. At 3 degrees C the long duration of @entity1 contractures and the delay in the repriming process allow one to carry out solution changes while the responses are still in progress, making it possible to study the processes that determine the contracture time course.2. The contractures can be cut short by suddenly lowering the external @entity1 concentration to normal values. Re-exposure to the high @entity1 medium causes the fibres to redevelop @entity2 , in a way that depends on the time at which the original response was interrupted.3. The period of interruption can be prolonged beyond the duration of the original contracture without affecting the second response. This redevelopment of @entity2 is not associated with repriming since this process is much delayed. For thirty-five interrupted contractures the mean of the sum of the time integrals of @entity2 in the two responses amounts to 98% of the mean of the time integral of @entity2 in the uninterrupted contractures.4. Addition of @entity4 or removal of @entity0 also causes the fibre to relax from a @entity1 contracture, although at a slower rate than that obtained by lowering the external @entity1 concentration. In these cases, however, no @entity2 is redeveloped when the standard contracture medium is reapplied. When @entity0 in the contracture medium is replaced by @entity3 , the contracture time course is not diminished.5. The results obtained with @entity1 contractures clearly show that the contractile activator is released continuously during a contracture. The prolonged time course of contractile responses in the cold can be explained at least in part by a prolonged release of @entity0 . There are no reasons to believe that at low temperature there is more activator available for release, and therefore it can be concluded that in the cold release of @entity0 proceeds at a slower rate.6. Release of @entity0 is under control of the membrane potential, and its time course can be determined either by a fixed store of available @entity0 that is depleted or by a membrane mechanism which is activated upon depolarization and later inactivates with time. The evidence obtained in the present work does not allow one to decide in favour of one of these two possibilities. However, the fact that contractures are prolonged in the cold, and the finding that repriming is delayed, can be utilized in further studies to clarify the mechanism that controls the release of @entity0 .

title: The time course of XXXX contractures of single muscle fibres.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Composite defects resulting from total parotidectomy present unique reconstructive challenges. This study reviews our experience using the @entity10 ( @entity10 ) flap with adjacent fascia and nerve grafts to reconstruct these defects, and establishes a classification system and treatment algorithm that simplifies reconstruction. METHODS: Between July 2005 and November 2009, 22 @entity0 underwent total parotidectomy and immediate reconstruction with the extended @entity10 flap. Of total, 21 @entity0 had concomitant neck dissection. Defects were classified as follows: Type I, significant soft-tissue loss (n = 4); Type II, significant soft-tissue loss with @entity8 (n = 2); Type III, significant soft-tissue loss with resection of surrounding bone(s) (n = 5); and Type IV, significant soft-tissue loss, bone resection, and @entity8 (n = 11). Reconstruction procedures included free @entity10 (n = 9); @entity10 with fascia lata sling (n = 4); @entity10 with nerve grafting (n = 5); and @entity10 , fascia lata sling, and nerve grafting (n = 4). Complications, functional outcome, and @entity0 satisfaction were assessed by chart review and prospective surveys. RESULTS: Fourteen of 22 @entity0 participated in surveys. There was 1 flap loss. Donor site complications included the following: 4 @entity0 (29%) with minor numbness of the lateral thigh skin, and 1 (7%) @entity7 . There was no leg @entity3 or @entity2 . Recipient site morbidity included 2 @entity0 (14%) with @entity9 , 3 (21%) with delayed wound @entity4 , 5 (36%) with @entity5 , and 5 with mild @entity6 . Smile asymmetry was present in 7 @entity0 (50%). Ten @entity0 (71%) reported being "very happy" with their appearance. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity10 flap, used with adjacent nerve and fascia, offers a versatile option for reconstructing @entity1 . The procedure involves minimal donor site morbidity, and results in sound functional outcomes and high degrees of @entity0 satisfaction.

title: Reconstruction of complex total parotidectomy defects using the free XXXX flap: a classification system and algorithm.

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mortality rates level off at older ages. Age trajectories of @entity1 case-fatality rates were studied with the aim of investigating prevalence of this phenomenon, specifically in case-fatality rates at older ages. METHODS: A registry of all hospitalized @entity1 @entity0 in Denmark included 40,155 @entity0 with evaluations of @entity1 severity, computed tomography, and cardiovascular risk factors. Data on mortality were used to construct age trajectories of 3-day, 1-week, 1-month, and 1-year case-fatality rates in @entity0 and @entity0 . RESULTS: Of the 40,155 @entity0 , 19,301 (48%) were @entity0 (mean age, 74.5 years) and 20,854 (52%) were @entity0 (mean age, 69.7 years). In both @entity0 and @entity0 , 3-day case-fatality rates leveled off, beginning in the @entity0 ' mid-70s. In @entity0 , 1-week case-fatality rates leveled off further in their early 80s, whereas in @entity0 , 1-week case-fatality rates accelerated with age. One-month and 1-year case-fatality rates accelerated with age for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: It is an apparent paradox that case-fatality rates in the acute state of @entity1 level off at the highest ages. Heterogeneity, innate or acquired, in regard to survival capacity may explain the phenomenon.

title: Age trajectories of XXXX case fatality: leveling off at the highest ages.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were (1) to validate the Alvarado score and pediatric @entity2 score (PAS) in a prospectively identified pediatric cohort and (2) to assess abdominal ultrasonography (AUS) as a tool to increase the diagnostic reliability of both scores. @entity0 AND METHODS: Prospective study conducted from January 10, 2008, to January 1, 2009. All @entity0 attended at the emergency department with suspected @entity1 ( @entity1 ) who had a blood sample collected were included. Items from both scores were recorded. The performance of an AUS, the decision to admit the @entity0 , and the therapeutics were decided by the physician, disregarding the scores values. Nonadmitted @entity0 were contacted by telephone. RESULTS: Ninety-nine @entity0 were included. Mean age was 11 years, and 62.6% were males. Appendectomy was performed in 44.4% @entity0 . The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the Alvarado score was 0.96 and that for PAS was 0.97. Not a single @entity0 with an Alvarado score less than 5 or PAS less than 4 had @entity1 . All @entity0 with an Alvarado score greater than 8 or PAS greater than 7 had @entity1 . For both scores, the optimum cutoff point was 6 (sensibility of 90.4% and specificity of 91.2% for the Alvarado score and sensibility of 88.1% and specificity of 98.2% for PAS). Abdominal ultrasonography was performed on 31 @entity0 (sensibility of 84.6% and specificity of 94.4%). We studied the value of scores and AUS together. Assuming an Alvarado score from 1 to 4 and PAS from 1 to 3 as no @entity1 , an Alvarado score from 9 to 10 and PAS from 8 to 9 as @entity1 , and proceeding according to the AUS for intermediate values, a sensibility of 93.3% and 97.2% and a specificity of 100% and 97.6%, respectively, were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Both scores are a useful tool in the evaluation of @entity0 with possible @entity1 . For extreme values of scores, the results really ensure their use in the emergency department. The AUS can help on decision making for intermediate values.

title: Prospective validation of two systems of classification for the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity3 polymorphism ( @entity2 substitution, intron 9) of the @entity4 gene has recently been associated with episodic memory and cognitive flexibility. These findings were inconsistent across reports though, and largely lacked gene-gene or gene-environment interactions. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of the @entity3 polymorphism on clinically relevant cognitive domains and its interaction with the modifiers 'lifestyle' and 'cardiovascular risk factors'. Five-hundred forty-five elderly volunteers (mean age 64 years,   7 years, 56% @entity0 ) accomplished a comprehensive cognitive testing. Principal component analysis was used to reveal the internal structure of the data, rendering four composite scores: verbal memory, word fluency, executive function/psychomotor speed, and working memory. Lifestyle was assessed with a detailed questionnaire, age-associated risk factors by clinical interview and examination. There was no main effect of the @entity3 genotype on any cognitive composite scores. However, we found worse performance in executive functions for T-allele carriers in the presence of arterial @entity1 (b=-0.365, p=0.0077 and 0.031 after Bonferroni correction). This association was further modified by gender, showing the strongest association in @entity1 females (b=-0.500, p=0.0072 and 0.029 after Bonferroni correction). The effect of @entity4 on cognitive function seems to be complex and modified by gender and arterial @entity1 .

title: Impact of common XXXX allele on @entity0 cognitive functions.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity3 polymorphism ( @entity2 substitution, intron 9) of the @entity4 gene has recently been associated with episodic memory and cognitive flexibility. These findings were inconsistent across reports though, and largely lacked gene-gene or gene-environment interactions. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of the @entity3 polymorphism on clinically relevant cognitive domains and its interaction with the modifiers 'lifestyle' and 'cardiovascular risk factors'. Five-hundred forty-five elderly volunteers (mean age 64 years,   7 years, 56% @entity0 ) accomplished a comprehensive cognitive testing. Principal component analysis was used to reveal the internal structure of the data, rendering four composite scores: verbal memory, word fluency, executive function/psychomotor speed, and working memory. Lifestyle was assessed with a detailed questionnaire, age-associated risk factors by clinical interview and examination. There was no main effect of the @entity3 genotype on any cognitive composite scores. However, we found worse performance in executive functions for T-allele carriers in the presence of arterial @entity1 (b=-0.365, p=0.0077 and 0.031 after Bonferroni correction). This association was further modified by gender, showing the strongest association in @entity1 females (b=-0.500, p=0.0072 and 0.029 after Bonferroni correction). The effect of @entity4 on cognitive function seems to be complex and modified by gender and arterial @entity1 .

title: Impact of common @entity4 allele on XXXX cognitive functions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Controversy continues over the optimal method of resecting @entity6 . Electrosurgery, cryosurgery and laser resection have all had some clinical success. We sought to compare these treatment methods in experimentally-created @entity6 . Subglottic strictures were created transbronchoscopically in newborn @entity3 by electrocoagulating a rim of mucosa. Four weeks later, all had 20 to 90% occlusion documented bronchoscopically. Control animals were found to have dense @entity1 in the cricoid area. Remaining experimental animals were treated with: (1) electrosurgical resection; (2) cryosurgical treatment; (3) @entity5 -yag (Nd:Yag) laser at 20 watts; (4) Nd:Yag laser with 40 watts; or (5) @entity2 laser at 10 watts. Animals from each group were sacrificed at 5 and 30 days postresection and the tracheas were examined grossly and microscopically. Animals sacrificed at 30 days postresection were bronchoscoped at weekly intervals. Cryosurgical and electrosurgical resection resulted in 1-3 mm of thermal damage adjacent to the margin of resection at 5 days post-treatment. Mucosal ingrowth and healing were rapid and there was no development of @entity4 or damage to underlying structures. Use of the Nd:Yag laser resulted in 10-20 mm of surrounding damage in animals sacrificed at 5 days. At 30 days posttreatment, there was mucosal healing but extreme underlying damage and redevelopment of @entity4 at the level of treatment. The @entity2 laser-treated animals showed thermal damage present up to 2 mm in depth from resected areas at 5 days post-treatment. Mucosal regeneration proceeded rapidly. This study indicates that electrosurgical and cryosurgical resection for experimental @entity6 create minimal thermal damage and are associated with comparably acceptable rates of @entity0 and healing. The @entity2 laser created comparable to slightly decreased thermal damage but suffers at present from lack of optimal visualization of the subglottic lesion.

title: XXXX : histopathologic and bronchoscopic comparison of electrosurgical, cryosurgical, and laser resection.

answer: @entity6


abstract: 1. A study of nodal and terminal sprouting in fast and slow muscles of the @entity0 hind limb has been made using the @entity4 and @entity3 stain. 2. The terminal sprouting normally elicited by botulinum toxin injection can be prevented by regular and frequent direct electrical stimulation of the muscle fibres. But the number of end-plates innervated by nodal sprouts in partly denervated spinal preparations was not reduced by direct muscle stimulation. 3. In leg muscles given varying doses of botulinum toxin the amount of terminal sprouting was linearly related to the degree of @entity2 . In partly denervated muscles neither the amount of terminal sprouting nor the amount of nodal sprouting was correlated with the degree of denervation. 4. Partial denervation causes relatively more nodal sprouting in the fast muscles peroneus tertius and extensor digitorum longus than in the slower soleus muscle, which itself has considerably more terminal sprouting than the others. The fast muscles can develop as much terminal sprouting as the soleus only in response to full @entity2 with botulinum toxin. 5. No evidence could be found for a sprouting signal generated or spreading within the spinal cord. 6. It is concluded in confirmation of earlier work (Duchen _ Strich, 1968; Brown _ Ironton, 1977 a) that the source of the signal for terminal sprouting is denervated or otherwise inactivated muscle fibres, whose action is boosted by the presence of degenerating nervous tissues. It is suggested that fast muscles probably have less terminal sprouting when partly denervated than slow muscles (a) because of the longer time it takes a fast muscle to undergo the changes associated with inactivity and (b) because of their higher resistance to the effects of @entity1 . It does not seem that the signal for nodal sprouting comes from the muscle fibres but further experimentation is needed to establish this firmly.

title: Nodal and terminal sprouting from motor nerves in fast and slow muscles of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Mechanical properties and drug sensitivity of the circular smooth muscle obtained from the muscularis mucosa of the gastroesophageal junction of the @entity0 were studied. Spontaneity was observed in strips of the tissue. Electrical stimulation (0.1 msec) produced large, rapid contractions which differed from twitch-like contractions produced in the outer circular muscle layer of the gastroesophageal junction. Responses of the smooth muscle of the muscularis mucosa were blocked by @entity8 but not by @entity5 . Repetitive stimulation induced an initial contraction followed by relaxation in a spontaneously active preparation. The initial contraction was blocked by @entity8 and @entity2 and the relaxation was inhibited by @entity3 , @entity6 and @entity2 . @entity4 , other than @entity7 , raised the level of tone of preparations obtained from both the muscularis mucosa and the outer circular muscle layer. Responses of the circular smooth muscle were not influenced by @entity4 . Excitatory effects of @entity4 were completely blocked by alpha-blockers. @entity7 inhibited responses and the action of @entity7 was antagonized by @entity3 . @entity1 was excitatory and the effect was antagonized by @entity8 . These results suggest that there are two types of smooth muscle in the muscularis mucosa. In one type, adrenergic alpha-receptors are excitatory, beta-receptors inhibitory and cholinergic receptors are muscarinic. In the other type, adrenergic receptors are beta-inhibitory and cholinergic receptors are muscarinic. Circular smooth muscle of the muscularis mucosa seems to be innervated with excitatory cholinergic nerves and inhibitory adrenergic nerves. Responses of specific smooth muscle seem to be less sensitive to some of the drugs used.

title: Mechanical activity of the smooth muscle of the muscularis mucosa of the XXXX esophagus and drug actions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine, in a 3-year clinical trial, whether tooth type and ferrule significantly affect the survival of @entity5 restored with fiber posts. METHODS: A sample of 87 teeth in 87 @entity0 (32 @entity0 and 55 @entity0 , age ranged from 23 to 78) were restored using Snowpost: 34 incisors, 12 @entity2 , 25 premolars and 16 molars. The posts were cemented with RelyXUnicem and the core was made with a resin composite (Dentocore Automix). Every tooth was covered with a metal-ceramic or all ceramic crown. Two experimental groups, according to the presence or absence of ferrule, were defined: A) 45 teeth with ferrule (>2 mm height); and B) 42 teeth without ferrule (<2 mm height). @entity0 were reevaluated every 6 months. RESULTS: 14 of the total restorations failed (16.1%). The failure modes were @entity3 (n=4), post @entity1 (n=4), root @entity1 (n=2), and marginal gap, post cement failure, crown cement failure, and @entity4 (n= 1 respectively). In Group A the failure observed was 6.67% and in Group B it was 26.20%. The log-rank test showed statistically significant differences between both groups. According to the type of tooth, the incisors were the teeth with the highest failure rate (73.52%), but Chi-square test showed no statistically significant differences among the four tooth types, perhaps because of the low number of the sample.

title: Effect of tooth type and ferrule on the survival of XXXX restored with fiber posts: a 3-year clinical study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity2 diagnosed during pregnancy is challenging to both obstetricians and neurosurgeons. In this study, a series of nine pregnant @entity0 were admitted to neurosurgery presenting with different @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To establish guidelines for the management of @entity2 that present during pregnancy. @entity0 AND METHODS: Retrospective review of the medical records of all pregnant @entity0 admitted for urgent care to King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) from 1995 to 2009. RESULTS: Eight @entity0 were multiparous, and one was primigravida, two were in the first trimester, and seven were in the second or third trimester. The mean age was 30.5 years. Six @entity0 had @entity5 , while one @entity0 had @entity6 , and two had aneurismal @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Three @entity0 completed a full term pregnancy following surgery. Two @entity0 had emergency caesarean section (CS) immediately followed by neurosurgery in the same session. Two @entity0 completed their pregnancies to full term and had craniotomies after delivery. Two @entity0 had therapeutic abortions followed by neurosurgery. No @entity4 were recorded in this series. CONCLUSION: The management of pregnant @entity0 with @entity2 should be individualised and multidisciplinary. As it is difficult to allocate a single, general treatment protocol to pregnant @entity0 with @entity2 , we suggest the following guidelines: for @entity0 in the second and early third trimesters, it is safe to perform a craniotomy first and allow the @entity0 to complete a full term pregnancy. For @entity0 at 34 weeks or more of gestation, emergency CS followed by a craniotomy is recommended. For @entity0 in the 1st trimester, it is advisable to terminate the pregnancy to allow safe management, although the laws governing this will vary from country to country. For @entity0 with @entity1 who respond to corticosteriods, it is possible to complete the pregnancy and postpone surgery until after delivery.

title: Management strategies for XXXX presenting during pregnancy: a case series.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The onset of antidepressant action is vital clinically. This study aimed to testify whether early symptom improvement can predict eventual treatment response at week 6 among @entity1 hospitalized @entity0 taking @entity2 . One hundred thirty-one hospitalized @entity0 with major @entity1 received 20 mg/d of @entity2 for 6 weeks. Symptom severity was assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Stable response was defined as a reduction of 50% or more in the HAMD-17 total score at weeks 4 and 6 of treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the cutoff point of the percentage of HAMD-17 score reduction between stable responders and nonresponders at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4. At weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4, HAMD-17 score reductions of 25%, 39%, 43%, and 50% seemed to be the optimal cutoff points for predicting eventual response. They provided a sensitivity of 78%, 86%, 91%, and 93% and a specificity of 61%, 74%, 76%, and 92%. The percentage of HAMD-17 reduction at week 4 excellently predicted final response at week 6. @entity0 with less than a 50% symptom reduction during the first 4 weeks of treatment are unlikely to reach a final stable response. Whether this model can be applied to establish a prediction system for other antidepressants or for outpatients warrants further research.

title: Early prediction of @entity2 response for Han Chinese inpatients with major XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The onset of antidepressant action is vital clinically. This study aimed to testify whether early symptom improvement can predict eventual treatment response at week 6 among @entity1 hospitalized @entity0 taking @entity2 . One hundred thirty-one hospitalized @entity0 with major @entity1 received 20 mg/d of @entity2 for 6 weeks. Symptom severity was assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Stable response was defined as a reduction of 50% or more in the HAMD-17 total score at weeks 4 and 6 of treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the cutoff point of the percentage of HAMD-17 score reduction between stable responders and nonresponders at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4. At weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4, HAMD-17 score reductions of 25%, 39%, 43%, and 50% seemed to be the optimal cutoff points for predicting eventual response. They provided a sensitivity of 78%, 86%, 91%, and 93% and a specificity of 61%, 74%, 76%, and 92%. The percentage of HAMD-17 reduction at week 4 excellently predicted final response at week 6. @entity0 with less than a 50% symptom reduction during the first 4 weeks of treatment are unlikely to reach a final stable response. Whether this model can be applied to establish a prediction system for other antidepressants or for outpatients warrants further research.

title: Early prediction of XXXX response for Han Chinese inpatients with major @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment of @entity7 with drugs that directly target the renin-angiotensin system may compromise glomerular filtration and renal excretory function, leading to @entity2 . Centrally acting sympathoinhibitory agents also inhibit the renin-angiotensin system, so we determined whether this treatment modality alters renal excretory function in @entity0 with @entity7 . METHODS: @entity0 were equipped with bilateral renal artery flow probes and a renal nerve electrode. @entity1 was induced with a renal artery clip (2K1C) or @entity0 were sham-clipped. After 2 weeks, a subcutaneous minipump was implanted to deliver @entity8 (2.5 mg/kg per day) or vehicle for 3 weeks. Haemodynamic variables and renal function were studied under control conditions and during intravenous infusion of isotonic saline (154 mmol/l @entity4 ) at increasing rates of 4, 12 and 36 ml/kg per hour. RESULTS: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were greater in 2K1C @entity0 than sham-clipped @entity0 , but total urine flow, @entity5 excretion and glomerular filtration rate were similar in the two groups. In 2K1C @entity0 , @entity8 reduced @entity3 to close to control levels and reduced RSNA (40%), but did not significantly alter basal renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, urine flow or @entity5 excretion. The natriuretic response to isotonic saline load in 2K1C @entity0 was not significantly altered by @entity8 . CONCLUSION: These observations show that chronic treatment of @entity0 with @entity6 with a centrally acting sympathoinhibitory agent, despite normalizing @entity3 , does not compromise renal excretory function. Thus, this treatment modality may be particularly useful in @entity7 .

title: Effects of chronic sympatho-inhibition on renal excretory function in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the percentage of cases of @entity3 in @entity5 @entity0 that is of bacterial cause and to identify factors that predict a positive urine culture. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 or @entity6 in 1 @entity5 emergency department for 11 years. Charts were reviewed for historical, physical, laboratory, and radiologic data. A positive urine culture was used to identify @entity0 with a bacterial cause of @entity3 . RESULTS: A total of 160 @entity0 records were initially identified as having a diagnosis of @entity3 ; of these, 20 met exclusion criteria or did not have records available for review and 140 cases of @entity3 were reviewed. @entity0 ' age ranged from 2 months to 17 years, with a median age of 11 years. Of these @entity0 , 91% received empiric antibiotic therapy. Also, of these @entity0 , 97 (69%) had a urine culture sent, of whom 4 (4.1%; 95% confidence interval, 1.1%-10.2%) were positive. Of the 4 positive urine cultures, 3 had organisms not sensitive to usual empiric therapy for @entity1 . The @entity0 with positive urine cultures were not significantly different from the other @entity0 in age, maximum temperature, or number of white blood cells on urinalysis. CONCLUSIONS: Given the low incidence of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 , in prepubertal patients, antibiotic therapy can be reserved for young @entity0 and those with @entity4 or positive urine cultures. Because it is difficult to predict which @entity0 will have a positive urine culture, urine cultures should be sent on all @entity5 @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Are antibiotics necessary for XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: One of the known causes of @entity2 is vascular compression on the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). However, it remains unknown whether @entity4 causes the significant variability in blood pressure observed during acute @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in blood pressure variability and prognosis in acute @entity3 @entity0 based on the presence or absence of @entity4 . We evaluated 56 @entity0 with acute @entity3 . Blood pressure was measured every 6 h for 72 h after admission and evaluated with successive variation (SV). The presence of @entity4 was evaluated using time-of-flight 3D magnetic resonance imaging. Neurological severity was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health @entity1 Scale (NIHSS) at admission and 14 days after admission, and clinical improvement was determined by taking the difference in the NIHSS scores between admission and at 14 days. @entity0 clinical outcome was evaluated with the modified Rankin scale on discharge. Vascular compression of the RVLM was identified in 15 @entity0 (26.8%). The proportion of @entity0 showing clinical improvement was significantly higher in the non-compression group (odds ratio, 0.21 (95% CI = 0.06-0.78); P = 0.01). The SV value for systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the compression group (P < 0.0001). We found that @entity0 with @entity4 had a greater variability in blood pressure during the acute @entity3 phase, which may be related to poorer prognosis.

title: Blood pressure variability and prognosis in acute XXXX on the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM).

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neurotrophic factors may be future therapeutic agents for @entity2 . In the screening of biologically active molecules for neurotrophic potency, we found that a photosensitizing @entity11 dye, NK-4, had remarkable neurotrophic activities and was a potent radical scavenger. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we evaluated the effect of NK-4 on the protection of neurons against oxidative damage and investigated the associated intracellular signaling pathways. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of NK-4 in an animal model of @entity2 . In vitro, NK-4 showed dose-dependent protection of PC12 cells from @entity1 induced by oxidative stress caused by @entity3 ( @entity4 ) or @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Comparison of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways between treatment with NK-4 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) using K252a, an inhibitor of the @entity5 receptor @entity9 , revealed that NK-4 activity occurs independently of @entity5 receptors. @entity6 , a @entity10 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, blocked the protective effect of NK-4, and NK-4 caused activation of @entity7 /protein kinase B, a downstream effector of PI3K. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of NK-4 are mediated by the PI3K- @entity7 signaling pathway. NK-4 treatment also attenuated stress-induced activation of SAPK/JNK, which suggests that NK-4 activates a survival signaling pathway and inhibits stress-activated apoptotic pathways independently of the @entity9 receptor in neuronal cells. In vivo, administration of NK-4 improved motor coordination in genetic ataxic hamsters, as assessed by rota-rod testing. Histological analysis showed that @entity0 was significantly attenuated by NK-4 treatment. Notably, the Purkinje cell count in the treated group was threefold higher than that in the vehicle group. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that NK-4 is a potential agent for therapy for @entity2 based on the activation of survival signaling pathways.

title: Neurotrophic effects of a XXXX dye via the PI3K- @entity7 pathway: attenuation of motor discoordination and @entity2 in an ataxic animal model.

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neurotrophic factors may be future therapeutic agents for @entity2 . In the screening of biologically active molecules for neurotrophic potency, we found that a photosensitizing @entity11 dye, NK-4, had remarkable neurotrophic activities and was a potent radical scavenger. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we evaluated the effect of NK-4 on the protection of neurons against oxidative damage and investigated the associated intracellular signaling pathways. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of NK-4 in an animal model of @entity2 . In vitro, NK-4 showed dose-dependent protection of PC12 cells from @entity1 induced by oxidative stress caused by @entity3 ( @entity4 ) or @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Comparison of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways between treatment with NK-4 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) using K252a, an inhibitor of the @entity5 receptor @entity9 , revealed that NK-4 activity occurs independently of @entity5 receptors. @entity6 , a @entity10 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, blocked the protective effect of NK-4, and NK-4 caused activation of @entity7 /protein kinase B, a downstream effector of PI3K. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of NK-4 are mediated by the PI3K- @entity7 signaling pathway. NK-4 treatment also attenuated stress-induced activation of SAPK/JNK, which suggests that NK-4 activates a survival signaling pathway and inhibits stress-activated apoptotic pathways independently of the @entity9 receptor in neuronal cells. In vivo, administration of NK-4 improved motor coordination in genetic ataxic hamsters, as assessed by rota-rod testing. Histological analysis showed that @entity0 was significantly attenuated by NK-4 treatment. Notably, the Purkinje cell count in the treated group was threefold higher than that in the vehicle group. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that NK-4 is a potential agent for therapy for @entity2 based on the activation of survival signaling pathways.

title: Neurotrophic effects of a @entity11 dye via the PI3K- @entity7 pathway: attenuation of motor discoordination and XXXX in an ataxic animal model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neurotrophic factors may be future therapeutic agents for @entity2 . In the screening of biologically active molecules for neurotrophic potency, we found that a photosensitizing @entity11 dye, NK-4, had remarkable neurotrophic activities and was a potent radical scavenger. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we evaluated the effect of NK-4 on the protection of neurons against oxidative damage and investigated the associated intracellular signaling pathways. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of NK-4 in an animal model of @entity2 . In vitro, NK-4 showed dose-dependent protection of PC12 cells from @entity1 induced by oxidative stress caused by @entity3 ( @entity4 ) or @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Comparison of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways between treatment with NK-4 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) using K252a, an inhibitor of the @entity5 receptor @entity9 , revealed that NK-4 activity occurs independently of @entity5 receptors. @entity6 , a @entity10 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, blocked the protective effect of NK-4, and NK-4 caused activation of @entity7 /protein kinase B, a downstream effector of PI3K. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of NK-4 are mediated by the PI3K- @entity7 signaling pathway. NK-4 treatment also attenuated stress-induced activation of SAPK/JNK, which suggests that NK-4 activates a survival signaling pathway and inhibits stress-activated apoptotic pathways independently of the @entity9 receptor in neuronal cells. In vivo, administration of NK-4 improved motor coordination in genetic ataxic hamsters, as assessed by rota-rod testing. Histological analysis showed that @entity0 was significantly attenuated by NK-4 treatment. Notably, the Purkinje cell count in the treated group was threefold higher than that in the vehicle group. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that NK-4 is a potential agent for therapy for @entity2 based on the activation of survival signaling pathways.

title: Neurotrophic effects of a @entity11 dye via the PI3K- XXXX pathway: attenuation of motor discoordination and @entity2 in an ataxic animal model.

answer: @entity7


abstract: A follow up study of 40 cases of optic chiasm @entity3 is presented. Histological examination was obtained in 26 cases. All were @entity4 . Four of these were @entity11 , 17 chiasmatic @entity3 and 19 invasive @entity2 . The main clinical features are reviewed with special @entity10 , including precocious puberty and @entity7 emaciation. @entity9 was present in 30%. Diagnostic difficulties are outlined, especially in @entity2 without optic nerve involvement: event with C T scan, the differential diagnosis with @entity6 , @entity5 and primary @entity8 , may be difficult. The operative mortality was 12% (3/25). All but one, had radiotherapy either alone or post operative. All four of the @entity0 with unilateral @entity11 have a normal C T scan more than 10 years after treatment. Of the 17 @entity0 with chiasmatic @entity3 , 14 are alive with normal C T scan in 2 cases, and with reduction in size of the @entity2 in 7. Eleven of 19 @entity0 with @entity1 are alive with diminished size of the @entity2 in 7. Improvement in visual acuity, reduction in size of @entity2 mass, persistent increase in size of non irradiated @entity2 and lack of recurrence of @entity11 even with histological proven chiasmatic involvement is taken as evidence of the effect of radiotherapy. The sub frontal approach is emphasized for optic nerve and optic chiasm @entity2 : it provides direct surgical verification with the opportunity for complete removal, large biopsy, decompression of the optic foramina or cyst removal. @entity10 , radiotherapy is discussed in @entity0 . If necessary it must be managed under careful evaluation of endocrine status, principally growth function.

title: [Optic chiasm XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The role of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has been well documented in the pathogenesis of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Activation of plasminogen into active @entity2 protease @entity4 initiates extracellular proteolysis leading to acantholysis but the mechanisms underlying this process are not clearly understood. We have previously shown that keratinocyte derived cytokines @entity3 and @entity1 are involved in @entity6 -induced acantholysis. In the present study we sought to examine whether keratinocyte-derived @entity3 and @entity1 are correlated with @entity5 induction in keratinocytes during acantholysis. Normal @entity0 keratinocytes were incubated with diluted @entity6 serum. mRNAs for @entity3 , @entity1 and @entity5 were examined with RT-PCR at various time points and acantholysis was measured. @entity3 , @entity1 and @entity5 mRNAs were all induced in keratinocytes following @entity6 serum stimulation; @entity3 / @entity1 mRNAs' expression was earlier than the expression of @entity5 mRNA. To further examine the role of @entity3 , @entity1 and @entity5 in acantholysis, we performed antibody blocking studies. Anti- @entity3 , anti- @entity1 and anti- @entity5 antibodies suppressed acantholysis by 76%, 80% and 90%, respectively. In addition, anti- @entity3 and anti- @entity1 antibodies inhibited @entity5 mRNA induction, whereas anti- @entity5 antibodies did not alter @entity3 / @entity1 mRNAs' expression. Our results confirm the role of @entity5 in acantholysis and suggest an involvement of @entity3 / @entity1 in @entity5 induction.

title: Urokinase plasminogen activator mRNA is induced by @entity3 and XXXX in in vitro acantholysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The role of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has been well documented in the pathogenesis of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Activation of plasminogen into active @entity2 protease @entity4 initiates extracellular proteolysis leading to acantholysis but the mechanisms underlying this process are not clearly understood. We have previously shown that keratinocyte derived cytokines @entity3 and @entity1 are involved in @entity6 -induced acantholysis. In the present study we sought to examine whether keratinocyte-derived @entity3 and @entity1 are correlated with @entity5 induction in keratinocytes during acantholysis. Normal @entity0 keratinocytes were incubated with diluted @entity6 serum. mRNAs for @entity3 , @entity1 and @entity5 were examined with RT-PCR at various time points and acantholysis was measured. @entity3 , @entity1 and @entity5 mRNAs were all induced in keratinocytes following @entity6 serum stimulation; @entity3 / @entity1 mRNAs' expression was earlier than the expression of @entity5 mRNA. To further examine the role of @entity3 , @entity1 and @entity5 in acantholysis, we performed antibody blocking studies. Anti- @entity3 , anti- @entity1 and anti- @entity5 antibodies suppressed acantholysis by 76%, 80% and 90%, respectively. In addition, anti- @entity3 and anti- @entity1 antibodies inhibited @entity5 mRNA induction, whereas anti- @entity5 antibodies did not alter @entity3 / @entity1 mRNAs' expression. Our results confirm the role of @entity5 in acantholysis and suggest an involvement of @entity3 / @entity1 in @entity5 induction.

title: Urokinase plasminogen activator mRNA is induced by XXXX and @entity1 in in vitro acantholysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The Kyushu Hematology Organization for Treatment Study Group (K-HOT) consisted of 22 institutions specializing in hematology in Kyushu. This study is aimed at reviewing the daily practice of infection control for the treatment of @entity6 in our group. Nominal questionnaires were mailed to the hematology department in each institution from November 2001 to April 2002. For the first general surveys, 19 of 22 (86%) institutions responded. The second survey was mailed to the 19 respondents and 17 answered the detailed questionnaires with a response rate of 89%. Prophylactic use of @entity3 (ST) against @entity8 carinii and anti-mycobacterial drugs in @entity0 who had a history of @entity2 was routine especially for @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Furthermore, the neutrophil counts to start a @entity5 appeared to be high in @entity7 as compared with other @entity6 . In the setting of autologous @entity1 ( @entity1 ), prophylactic use of @entity4 , immunoglobulin and ST was not routine and was reduced in duration, if used at all, as compared with allogeneic @entity1 . For allogeneic @entity1 , the cumulative dose of immunoglobulin significantly varied from institutions to institutions. The benefit of this study is the ability to recognize practical management patterns for infection control.

title: [Infection control for the treatment of XXXX : a survey of the Kyushu Hematology Organization for Treatment Study Group (K-HOT)].

answer: @entity6


abstract: This study was planned in order to determine the fungal spores in the air of inside the homes of @entity4 @entity0 living in Isparta (from southwest region of @entity1 ). The seasonal properties of mold spores in the air of homes of 24 @entity4 and 14 control subjects living in the city of Isparta over a period of one year were investigated. Viable molds were recovered from all 38 houses. Twenty different molds were isolated and identified from the indoor air of the houses in which @entity4 @entity0 and controls lived. The most common isolated genera were Penicillium @entity5 . (27.9%), followed by Cladosporium @entity5 . (26.3%), Aspergillus @entity5 . (14.7%) and Alternaria @entity5 . (13.1%) in the indoor air of the houses of @entity4 @entity0 . No differences in colony numbers were observed between asthmatics and control groups. The percentage of molds was higher in kitchens than other parts of the houses such as living rooms and bedrooms (p < 0.05). A seasonal variety of the fungal flora in Isparta city region was observed. It is concluded that viable molds are common in houses in Isparta. Reducing indoor molds may improve the health of individuals with @entity2 like @entity3 .

title: Molds in the homes of @entity4 @entity0 in Isparta, XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study was planned in order to determine the fungal spores in the air of inside the homes of @entity4 @entity0 living in Isparta (from southwest region of @entity1 ). The seasonal properties of mold spores in the air of homes of 24 @entity4 and 14 control subjects living in the city of Isparta over a period of one year were investigated. Viable molds were recovered from all 38 houses. Twenty different molds were isolated and identified from the indoor air of the houses in which @entity4 @entity0 and controls lived. The most common isolated genera were Penicillium @entity5 . (27.9%), followed by Cladosporium @entity5 . (26.3%), Aspergillus @entity5 . (14.7%) and Alternaria @entity5 . (13.1%) in the indoor air of the houses of @entity4 @entity0 . No differences in colony numbers were observed between asthmatics and control groups. The percentage of molds was higher in kitchens than other parts of the houses such as living rooms and bedrooms (p < 0.05). A seasonal variety of the fungal flora in Isparta city region was observed. It is concluded that viable molds are common in houses in Isparta. Reducing indoor molds may improve the health of individuals with @entity2 like @entity3 .

title: Molds in the homes of XXXX @entity0 in Isparta, @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study was planned in order to determine the fungal spores in the air of inside the homes of @entity4 @entity0 living in Isparta (from southwest region of @entity1 ). The seasonal properties of mold spores in the air of homes of 24 @entity4 and 14 control subjects living in the city of Isparta over a period of one year were investigated. Viable molds were recovered from all 38 houses. Twenty different molds were isolated and identified from the indoor air of the houses in which @entity4 @entity0 and controls lived. The most common isolated genera were Penicillium @entity5 . (27.9%), followed by Cladosporium @entity5 . (26.3%), Aspergillus @entity5 . (14.7%) and Alternaria @entity5 . (13.1%) in the indoor air of the houses of @entity4 @entity0 . No differences in colony numbers were observed between asthmatics and control groups. The percentage of molds was higher in kitchens than other parts of the houses such as living rooms and bedrooms (p < 0.05). A seasonal variety of the fungal flora in Isparta city region was observed. It is concluded that viable molds are common in houses in Isparta. Reducing indoor molds may improve the health of individuals with @entity2 like @entity3 .

title: Molds in the homes of @entity4 XXXX in Isparta, @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effect on intrasac pressure of stent-graft deployment within a life-size @entity3 rubber model of an @entity1 ( @entity1 ) maintained under physiological conditions of pressure and flow. METHODS: A commercial bifurcated device with the @entity4 fabric preclotted with gelatin was deployed in the @entity1 model. A pump system generated physiological flow. Mean and pulse aortic and intrasac pressures were measured simultaneously using pressure transducers. To simulate a type I endoleak, plastic tubing was placed between the aortic wall and the stent-graft at the proximal anchoring site. @entity2 was simulated by means of side branches with set inflow and outflow pressures and perfusion rates. @entity2 was replicated by removal of gelatin from the graft fabric. RESULTS: With no endoleak, the coated graft reduced the mean and pulse sac pressures to negligible values. When a type I endoleak was present, mean sac pressure reached a value similar to mean aortic pressure. When net flow through the sac due to a @entity2 was present, mean sac pressure was a function of the inlet pressure, while pulse pressure in the sac was dependent on both inlet and outlet pressures. As perfusion rates increased, both mean and pulse sac pressures decreased. When there was no outflow, mean sac pressure was similar to mean aortic pressure. In the presence of both @entity0 , mean sac pressure reached mean aortic pressure when the net perfusion rate was low. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro studies are useful in gaining an understanding of the impact of different types of endoleaks, in isolation and in combination, on intrasac pressure after aortic stent-graft deployment.

title: Modeling endoleaks and collateral reperfusion following endovascular XXXX exclusion.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity1 have significant impairment in their quality of life (QoL). Several @entity0 -completed instruments are available to measure outcome in dermatological conditions but these primarily focus on severity of disease rather than on QoL. OBJECTIVES: To develop a new instrument specifically designed to measure QoL in @entity1 -the Psoriasis Index of Quality of Life (PSORIQoL). METHODS: The content of the instrument was derived from qualitative interviews with 62 @entity1 @entity0 in the U.K., Italy and the Netherlands. Content analysis of the interview transcripts from the three countries identified potential items for the questionnaire. All further stages of the project were conducted in the U.K. only. Face and content validity were determined by means of a focus group held with seven @entity1 @entity0 and face-to-face interviews with a further 21 @entity0 . A new draft version of the PSORIQoL, together with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the General Well-Being Index (GWBI), were completed by a new sample of @entity1 @entity0 contacted by mail, in order to determine construct validity. A subsample of the respondents completed a similar package 2 weeks later, to assess reproducibility (reliability). RESULTS: The first version of the PSORIQoL consisted of 61 items covering the needs identified in the interviews as having been affected by @entity1 or its treatment. These included fear of negative reactions from others, self-consciousness and poor self-confidence, problems with socialization, physical contact and intimacy, limitations on personal freedom and impaired relaxation, sleep and emotional stability. Following the focus group and field-test interviews, a new draft measure consisting of 45 items was completed by 148 @entity0 , 88 of whom completed and returned a similar package 2 weeks later. Application of Rasch analysis identified a final 25-item version of the PSORIQoL. This version had a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.89, indicating good reproducibility. The levels of association with the DLQI and PGWB indicated that the PSORIQoL measures a related but distinct construct. CONCLUSIONS: The PSORIQoL appears to be a practical, reliable and valid instrument for measuring the impact of @entity1 on QoL. It remains necessary to establish the instrument's responsiveness to changes in QoL associated with treatment.

title: Development of the PSORIQoL, a XXXX -specific measure of quality of life designed for use in clinical practice and trials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: There continues to be a need to develop new pharmacological approaches for treating the common @entity2 . @entity0 skin produces parathyroid hormone related peptide. This peptide is a potent inhibitor of epidermal cell growth. OBJECTIVES: A programme was initiated to determine whether an agonist of this peptide's receptor, PTH (1-34), could be developed as a drug to treat @entity4 . METHODS: PTH (1-34) was formulated in Novasome A cream. Fifteen adult @entity0 with chronic @entity4 who had failed to respond to at least one standard treatment were enrolled in a randomized double-blinded placebo self-controlled trial. The @entity0 topically applied to a 25-cm2 psoriatic lesion 0.1 g of either Novasome A cream or Novasome A cream that contained 20 microg of PTH (1-34) twice a day for 2 months. At the end of the double-blind study, @entity0 were enrolled in an open large area study. Ten @entity0 applied PTH (1-34) (50 microg per 0.1 g) once daily to their psoriatic lesions. The @entity0 were evaluated for their global improvement and @entity3 metabolism. RESULTS: Novasome A cream enhanced the percutaneous absorption of PTH (1-34) in @entity0 skin in comparison with formulations in @entity5 or normal saline. Psoriatic lesions treated with PTH (1-34) showed marked improvement in scaling, erythema and induration. There was a 67.3% improvement in the global severity score for the lesion treated with PTH (1-34) compared with the placebo-treated lesion, which only showed a 17.8% improvement. Ten @entity0 topically applied PTH (1-34) on all of their lesions in a stepwise manner. A Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score analysis of all the @entity0 revealed improvement of 42.6% (P < 0.02). None of the @entity0 experienced hypercalcaemia or @entity6 or developed any side-effect to the medication. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who were resistant to at least one standard therapy for @entity4 had a remarkable improvement in their @entity4 when they applied PTH (1-34) to their lesion(s). No untoward @entity1 was observed in any of the subjects. This pilot study suggests that topical PTH (1-34) is a safe and effective novel therapy for @entity4 .

title: Topical PTH (1-34) is a novel, safe and effective treatment for XXXX : a randomized self-controlled trial and an open trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To report on the 15-year @entity2 experience of our @entity3 clinic established in 1996 at the National @entity1 Institute (NCI) -designated Jefferson Kimmel @entity1 Center. @entity0 with @entity3 were evaluated weekly by multiple specialists at a single site, and we focus on the 83% of @entity0 with @entity2 . To our knowledge, our @entity3 clinic is the longest continuously operating center of its kind at an NCI @entity1 Center in the United States. METHODS: Data from Jefferson's Oncology Data Services were compared to SEER @entity2 outcomes. Data on treatment changes in localized disease, @entity0 satisfaction, and related parameters were also assessed. RESULTS: Ten-year survival data approach 100% in stage I and @entity2 . Ten-year data for stage III (T3 N0M0) and stage IV (T4 N0M0) disease show that our institutional survival rate exceeds SEER. There is a shift toward robotically assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and a slight decrease in brachytherapy relative to external beam radiation therapy in localized disease. @entity0 satisfaction is high as measured by survey instruments. CONCLUSION: Our long-term experience suggests a benefit of the multidisciplinary clinic approach to @entity2 , most pronounced for high-risk, locally advanced disease. A high level of satisfaction with this @entity0 -centered model is seen. The multidisciplinary clinic approach to @entity2 may enhance outcomes and possibly reduce treatment regret through a coordinated presentation of all therapeutic options. This clinic model serves as an interdisciplinary educational tool for @entity0 , their families, and our trainees and supports clinical trial participation.

title: Enhancing XXXX care through the multidisciplinary clinic approach: a 15-year experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 is a rare infection, and it has rarely been reported after @entity3 . In this report, we describe a fatal case of @entity7 in a @entity0 who received antibiotics and corticoids after an @entity3 intended to be an autologous @entity3 . A 64-year-old @entity0 suffering from herniation of intervertebral disk between C4 and C5 received an anterior cervical spinal fusion. After the operation, he received @entity3 and fell into disseminated @entity6 (DIC) and preshock state. Anticoagulants and corticoids were given and he recovered from DIC and the preshock state. However, he remained quadriplegic because of @entity5 that was initially brought out by the operation. He developed bacterial @entity4 2 weeks after the transfusion and received antibiotic therapy. The @entity1 was cured a week later. Five weeks after the transfusion, he developed @entity1 and received antimycotic therapy. However, his condition grew worse and died 2 months after the transfusion. Autopsy revealed @entity7 . In this case, the relationship between the erroneous transfusion and the @entity0 's @entity2 was obvious and it was considered that the erroneous transfusion should be blamed for the @entity0 's @entity2 .

title: Fatal XXXX after @entity3 intended to be an autologous @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 is a rare infection, and it has rarely been reported after @entity3 . In this report, we describe a fatal case of @entity7 in a @entity0 who received antibiotics and corticoids after an @entity3 intended to be an autologous @entity3 . A 64-year-old @entity0 suffering from herniation of intervertebral disk between C4 and C5 received an anterior cervical spinal fusion. After the operation, he received @entity3 and fell into disseminated @entity6 (DIC) and preshock state. Anticoagulants and corticoids were given and he recovered from DIC and the preshock state. However, he remained quadriplegic because of @entity5 that was initially brought out by the operation. He developed bacterial @entity4 2 weeks after the transfusion and received antibiotic therapy. The @entity1 was cured a week later. Five weeks after the transfusion, he developed @entity1 and received antimycotic therapy. However, his condition grew worse and died 2 months after the transfusion. Autopsy revealed @entity7 . In this case, the relationship between the erroneous transfusion and the @entity0 's @entity2 was obvious and it was considered that the erroneous transfusion should be blamed for the @entity0 's @entity2 .

title: Fatal @entity7 after XXXX intended to be an autologous @entity3 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity7 is a rare infection, and it has rarely been reported after @entity3 . In this report, we describe a fatal case of @entity7 in a @entity0 who received antibiotics and corticoids after an @entity3 intended to be an autologous @entity3 . A 64-year-old @entity0 suffering from herniation of intervertebral disk between C4 and C5 received an anterior cervical spinal fusion. After the operation, he received @entity3 and fell into disseminated @entity6 (DIC) and preshock state. Anticoagulants and corticoids were given and he recovered from DIC and the preshock state. However, he remained quadriplegic because of @entity5 that was initially brought out by the operation. He developed bacterial @entity4 2 weeks after the transfusion and received antibiotic therapy. The @entity1 was cured a week later. Five weeks after the transfusion, he developed @entity1 and received antimycotic therapy. However, his condition grew worse and died 2 months after the transfusion. Autopsy revealed @entity7 . In this case, the relationship between the erroneous transfusion and the @entity0 's @entity2 was obvious and it was considered that the erroneous transfusion should be blamed for the @entity0 's @entity2 .

title: Fatal @entity7 after @entity3 intended to be an autologous XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical data for @entity0 with @entity1 with reference to their location and clinical care in a general practice in Australia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 data were extracted from a general practice in Western Australia. Iterative data-cleansing steps were taken. Data were grouped into Statistical Area level 1 (SA1), designated as the smallest geographical area associated with the Census of Population and Housing. The data were analysed to identify if SA1s with @entity0 aged 70   years and older, and with relatively high glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were significantly clustered, and whether this was associated with their medical consultation rate and treatment. The analysis included Cluster and Outlier Analysis using Moran's I test. RESULTS: The overall median age of the population was 70   years with more males than females, 53% and 47%, respectively. Older @entity0 (>70   years) with relatively high @entity3 c comprised 9.3% of all @entity0 with @entity1 in the sample, and were clustered around two 'hotspot' locations. These 111 @entity0 do not attend the practice more or less often than @entity0 with @entity1 living elsewhere in the practice (p=0.098). There was some evidence that they were more likely to be recorded as having consulted with regard to other @entity2 . The average number of prescribed medicines over a 13-month time period, per @entity0 in the hotspots, was 4.6 compared with 5.1 in other locations (p=0.26). Their prescribed therapy was deemed to be consistent with the management of @entity0 with @entity1 in other locations with reference to the relevant @entity1 guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Older @entity0 with relatively high HbA1c are clustered in two locations within the practice area. Their hyperglycaemia and ongoing cardiovascular risk indicates causes other than therapeutic inertia. The causes may be related to the social determinants of health, which are influenced by geography.

title: Impact of geography on the control of XXXX : a review of geocoded clinical data from general practice.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the utility of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in @entity0 with unruptured @entity1 (UIA) detected on noninvasive imaging, such as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and computed tomography angiography (CTA). The follow-up of @entity0 with untreated UIAs involves serial imaging; however, this diagnosis may be based on false positive (FP) results. We examined the incidence of FPs in our institutional series. METHODS: DSAs performed at our institution from January 2011 to June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed and @entity0 referred with UIA detected on noninvasive imaging were selected. Clinical presentation as well as @entity2 location, size, and number reported on DSA and noninvasive imaging were assessed. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty six @entity0 (mean age 56.8 years, female 74.8%) with a total of 355 UIA were included. Thirty-one @entity0 had a symptomatic presentation. Analysis per @entity0 showed the pooled FP rate of noninvasive imaging was 15%. MRA FP was 13% (22/171) and CTA FP was 18% (22/120). FP increased significantly with @entity2 size < 3.5 mm on MRA (P < 0.001) and <4.0 mm on CTA (P = 0.01). Mean @entity2 size among symptomatic @entity0 was significantly larger (P < 0.001) as compared to the incidental group (17.8 vs. 7.7 mm). No location was significantly susceptible to false detection of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: DSA detection of FP UIA diagnosed on noninvasive imaging is significantly higher for @entity2 <4.0 mm. Accurate diagnosis with DSA may eliminate the need for further follow-up and its associated negative psychological and economic effects. Within the limitations of this retrospective study, we conclude that DSA has a diagnostic role in small @entity2 detected on noninvasive imaging.

title: Detection of unruptured XXXX on noninvasive imaging. Is there still a role for digital subtraction angiography?

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Laparoscopic gastric bypass is a recently introduced treatment option for morbid @entity2 , with promising initial results. Stenosis of the gastroenterostomy is a recognized complication. The efficacy and safety of @entity4 for the management of this type of @entity5 has not been studied. @entity0 AND METHODS: 450 @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass at our institution were followed prospectively. All @entity0 had a 15 ml gastric pouch and either a 75 cm or 150 cm jejunal Roux limb depending on whether @entity2 was morbid (body mass index (BMI) < 50 kg/m 2) or super-morbid (BMI > 50 kg/m 2). @entity0 who developed symptoms compatible with stenosis of the gastrojejunostomy were referred for upper @entity3 . RESULTS: 14 @entity0 , 11 @entity0 and three @entity0 , underwent a total of 27 endoscopies, with 23 balloon dilations. Their average age was 46 years (range 33 - 59 years), average preoperative BMI was 47 kg/m 2, and they presented an average of 2.7 months after surgery (range 0.3 - 15.7 months). Of the 14 @entity0 , 13 had a stricture of the gastrojejunostomy and one @entity0 had @entity1 . For initial dilation, a 15 mm hydrostatic balloon was used in 12 @entity0 and an 18 mm balloon in two @entity0 . There was response to treatment with the 15 mm balloon in seven of the 12 @entity0 (58 %), and they required no further dilation; in one there was a response to a further 15 mm @entity4 ; in three @entity0 a response to subsequent 18 mm @entity4 ; and one @entity0 required 18 mm and 25 mm balloon dilations. The two @entity0 treated with an initial 18 mm @entity4 required no further dilations. The average length of follow-up after successful dilation was 18 months (range 7 - 30 months). There were no complications with any of the 23 dilations performed. CONCLUSION: Stenosis of the gastroenterostomy after laparoscopic gastric bypass occurred in 3.1 % of the @entity0 in this series. It can be successfully and safely treated with @entity4 with good long-term follow-up.

title: XXXX of gastroenteric anastomotic stricture after laparoscopic gastric bypass.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: To assess the diagnostic value of the risk of @entity1 indices and simple ultrasound- based rules in preoperative differentiation of @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective examination of 87 @entity0 admitted to hospital due to @entity1 . The lesions were evaluated on the basis of international ultrasound classification of @entity2 and four risk of @entity1 indices were calculated based on ultrasound examination, concentration of @entity4 and menopausal status. RESULTS: The @entity0 were aged between 17 and 79, the mean age was 44.5 (standard deviation SD=16.6). Most of the @entity0 (60.91%) were before their menopause. The sensitivity of the simple ultrasound-based rules in the diagnosis of @entity1 equaled 64.71% and the specificity constituted 90.00%. A significant statistical difference in the presence of the malignant process was demonstrated in relation to age, menopausal status, @entity4 concentration and analyzed ultrasound score. All indices were characterized by similar sensitivity and specificity. The highest specificity and predictive value of malignant lesions out of the assessed ones was demonstrated by the risk of @entity1 index proposed by Yamamoto. The risk of @entity1 index according to Jacobs, however, showed the highest predictive value in the case of non-malignant lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The multiparametric ultrasound examination may facilitate the selection of @entity0 with @entity1 to provide them with an appropriate treatment - observation, laparotomy and laparoscopy. These parameters constitute a simple ambulatory method of determining the character of @entity3 before recommending appropriate treatment.

title: Diagnostic value of ultrasound indicators of neoplastic risk in preoperative differentiation of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Neurotrophins interact with two distinct classes of cell-surface receptors, the @entity2 receptor @entity0 kinase family and the common @entity3 receptor @entity4 ( @entity5 ). For many years, the biological role of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) remained obscure, being relegated to modulating @entity2 binding of neurotrophins. Recently, the importance of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) as a signaling receptor in itself has become increasingly clear. The signals initiated by @entity4 ( @entity5 ) are likely to be as complex as those for the @entity2 family and probably depend on the cell system in which such signaling is being studied. In this study, all members of the @entity3 family were demonstrated to be capable of stimulating @entity4 ( @entity5 )-mediated activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family ( @entity1 ). This activation is rapid and transient, peaking at 5-15 min, depending on the cell system. The classical MAPK cascade consists of the reaction series Ras-Raf-MEK-MAPK. The @entity4 ( @entity5 )-induced MAPK activation is MEK dependent but Raf independent. This result implies that @entity3 activation of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) results in some cascade (as yet unknown) that bypasses Raf and converges on MEK to result in activation of MAPK. This activated MAPK is then able to translocate to the nucleus. The effect of this MAPK activation on cell survival is dependent on cell type. These results support the concept that signaling from the @entity4 is more diverse and extensive than previously believed.

title: Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway through p75NTR: a common mechanism for the XXXX family.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of the study was to present our experience with endocranial fixation using the Resorb-X mesh (KLS Martin, Jacksonville, FL) in frontoorbital reconstruction. A retrospective review of all @entity0 underwent frontoorbital advancement at our institution from 2003 to 2012 was performed. Inclusion criterion included: pediatric @entity0 who underwent frontoorbital advancement for @entity1 ; @entity0 underwent treatment of the @entity1 only at our center; resorbable fixation devises were applied only endocranially; and follow-up was >= 2 years. @entity0 ' evaluation included @entity2 , surgical outcomes, and postoperative computed tomographic imaging if accessible. Thirty-nine @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. Resorbable plates were used in 16 @entity0 and Resorb-X mesh in 23 @entity0 . Observed complications were unrelated to the fixation system used. Resorption of fixation devices was evident in all @entity0 after 20 months following reconstruction. There were no incidents of local reaction to the fixation system. Frontoorbital area contour was deemed good in 24 @entity0 and excellent in 15 @entity0 by both families and attending surgeon. There was a statistical significant difference (P=0.030) between @entity0  <=12 months and >12 months regarding the complications rate. Endocranial fixation using the Resorb-X mesh is easily applicable, avoids material palpability, and provides stable and secure fixation. This technique is superior to the conventional endocranial osseous fixation with absorbable plates, as it avoids some of its possible complications while providing all the benefits of resorbable fixation.

title: The Role of Resorbable Mesh as a Fixation Device in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: There are relatively few studies regarding the incidence of post-colonoscopy @entity1 (PCCRC) in Asian countries. We evaluated the characteristics of PCCRC in average-risk Korean subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included subjects who were >= 50 years of age and had undergone a first completed colonoscopy between January 2001 and December 2004, at which no baseline @entity2 had been detected, followed by a second colonoscopy 1-5 years later. The incidences and characteristics of advanced @entity0 in these subjects were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 343 subjects underwent follow-up colonoscopy within 5 years. Seventy-three (21.3%) subjects were found to have at least one @entity2 on follow-up colonoscopy. Advanced @entity2 was found in eight (2.3%) subjects, and non-advanced @entity2 were found in 65 (19.0%). Five (1.5%) subjects were diagnosed with invasive @entity1 following a normal colonoscopy. The putative reason for PCCRCs was missed lesions in two (40.0%) subjects and a new @entity0 in three (60.0%). CONCLUSION: The risk of advanced @entity0 (including PCCRCs) within 5 years after a normal baseline colonoscopy in our cohort was not low. Considering that 40% of PCCRCs were attributable to missed lesions, our results emphasize the need for technical improvement of colonoscopic examinations to improve @entity2 .

title: Post-colonoscopy XXXX in average-risk Korean subjects with a normal initial colonoscopy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 are slow-growing @entity1 of the myelin-forming cells that cover cranial nerve @entity2 . The treatment options for @entity0 with @entity3 include active observation, surgical management, and radiotherapy. However, the optimal treatment choice remains controversial. We have reviewed the available data and summarized the radiotherapeutic options, including single-session stereotactic radiosurgery, fractionated conventional radiotherapy, fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy, and proton beam therapy. The comparisons of the various radiotherapy modalities have been based on single-institution experiences, which have shown excellent @entity1 control rates of 91-100%. Both stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy have successfully improved cranial nerve V and VII preservation to >95%. The mixed data regarding the ideal hearing preservation therapy, inherent biases in @entity0 selection, and differences in outcome analysis have made the comparison across radiotherapeutic modalities difficult. Early experience using proton therapy for @entity3 treatment demonstrated local control rates of 84-100% but disappointing hearing preservation rates of 33-42%. Efforts to improve radiotherapy delivery will focus on refined dosimetry with the goal of reducing the dose to the critical structures. As future randomized trials are unlikely, we suggest regimented pre- and post-treatment assessments, including validated evaluations of cranial nerves V, VII, and @entity2 , and quality of life assessments with long-term prospective follow-up. The results from such trials will enhance the understanding of therapy outcomes and improve our ability to inform @entity0 .

title: Radiotherapy for XXXX : a critical review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Biomimetic materials were developed to regulate stem cell behaviour. We have analyzed the influence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) films, functionalized with adhesive peptides derived from fibronectin (pFibro) or bone sialoprotein (pBSP), on the response of @entity0 multipotent C3H10T1/2 cells to @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and its derived peptides (pBMP-9 and SpBMP-9). @entity3 -pFibro promoted better cell cytoskeleton organization and faster focal adhesion kinase activation than did @entity3 -pBSP. @entity3 -pFibro also promoted MAPK signalling to improve the cell response to @entity7 by inactivating @entity5 and stimulating @entity1 and @entity6 . @entity7 , pBMP-9 and SpBMP-9 induced greater phosphorylation of @entity4 /8 in cells attached to @entity3 -pFibro than in cells on @entity3 -pBSP. These phosphorylated @entity8 were translocated to the nucleus. @entity7 and its derived peptides restored the phosphorylation of @entity6 in cells on @entity3 -pBSP, but it remained less phosphorylated than in cells on @entity3 -pFibro stimulated with pBMP-9 and SpBMP-9. Cells attached to @entity3 -pFibro contained more @entity2 , essential for stem cell commitment to become osteoblasts, than did cells on @entity3 -pBSP when incubated with @entity7 and its derived peptides. @entity2 was no longer detected when the cells were pre-treated with @entity6 inhibitor. Therefore pFibro plus @entity7 and its derived peptides may be a promising strategy to develop biomimetic materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomaterials functionalized with adhesive peptides to favour bone repair have generated a great interest over the past decade. However, the effect of these materials on the ability of cells to respond to growth factors remains poorly known. One major growth factor subfamily involved in bone formation is the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). However, these BMPs are expensive. We therefore developed less costly derived molecules. We showed how adhesive peptides derived from bone matrix proteins grafted onto polymer films affect the intracellular signalling and thus the ability of stem cells to be activated by BMP and its derived molecules. We have therefore identified a combination of bioactive polymers and BMP molecules that direct the stem cells towards bone forming cells.

title: Modulation of MAPK signalling by immobilized adhesive peptides: Effect on stem cell response to XXXX -derived peptides.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Drug resistance remains the major clinical barrier to successful treatment in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 , and the evidence of microRNA involvement in drug resistance has been recently emerging. @entity7 (ET-1)/ETA receptor ( @entity6 ) axis is aberrantly activated in chemoresistant @entity2 cells and elicits pleiotropic effects promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the acquisition of chemoresistance. However, the relationship between @entity6 and miRNA is still unknown. Hence, in this study we evaluated whether dysregulation of miRNA might enhance @entity6 expression in sensitive and resistant @entity2 cells. Based on bioinformatic tools, we selected putative miRNA able to recognize the 3'UTR of @entity6 . An inverse correlation was observed between the expression levels of @entity8 and @entity6 in both @entity2 cell lines and @entity1 samples. @entity8 was found to specifically bind to the 3'UTR of @entity6 mRNA, indicating that @entity6 is a direct target of @entity8 . Overexpression of @entity8 decreased @entity3 and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway activation, cell proliferation, invasion, plasticity, EMT marker levels, and vascular endothelial growth factor release. Interestingly, ectopic expression of @entity8 re-sensitized @entity5 -resistant @entity2 cells to @entity4 -induced apoptosis. Consistently, resistant @entity2 xenografts overexpressing @entity8 resulted in significantly less @entity1 growth than controls. Together our study provides a new perspective on the regulatory mechanism of @entity6 gene. Interestingly, our findings highlight that blockade of @entity6 regulatory axis is the mechanism underlying the @entity1 suppressor function of @entity8 in chemoresistant @entity2 cells.

title: XXXX inhibits endothelin A receptor and chemoresistance in @entity2 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Drug resistance remains the major clinical barrier to successful treatment in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 , and the evidence of microRNA involvement in drug resistance has been recently emerging. @entity7 (ET-1)/ETA receptor ( @entity6 ) axis is aberrantly activated in chemoresistant @entity2 cells and elicits pleiotropic effects promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the acquisition of chemoresistance. However, the relationship between @entity6 and miRNA is still unknown. Hence, in this study we evaluated whether dysregulation of miRNA might enhance @entity6 expression in sensitive and resistant @entity2 cells. Based on bioinformatic tools, we selected putative miRNA able to recognize the 3'UTR of @entity6 . An inverse correlation was observed between the expression levels of @entity8 and @entity6 in both @entity2 cell lines and @entity1 samples. @entity8 was found to specifically bind to the 3'UTR of @entity6 mRNA, indicating that @entity6 is a direct target of @entity8 . Overexpression of @entity8 decreased @entity3 and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway activation, cell proliferation, invasion, plasticity, EMT marker levels, and vascular endothelial growth factor release. Interestingly, ectopic expression of @entity8 re-sensitized @entity5 -resistant @entity2 cells to @entity4 -induced apoptosis. Consistently, resistant @entity2 xenografts overexpressing @entity8 resulted in significantly less @entity1 growth than controls. Together our study provides a new perspective on the regulatory mechanism of @entity6 gene. Interestingly, our findings highlight that blockade of @entity6 regulatory axis is the mechanism underlying the @entity1 suppressor function of @entity8 in chemoresistant @entity2 cells.

title: @entity8 inhibits endothelin A receptor and chemoresistance in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical features of @entity1 at a tertiary referral center in a rural area of Korea. RESULTS: This was a retrospective study. Medical records of 70 @entity0 who were diagnosed with @entity1 and underwent corneal culture were reviewed. Data including demographics, predisposing factors, and microbiological profiles were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Age distribution showed one peak at sixth and seventh decade, and 48 @entity0 (68.6%) were >= 50 years old. The male to female ratio was 43 (61.4%):27 (38.6%). @entity2 was the most frequently found (48 cases, 68.6%). Gram-positive bacteria were most common (ten @entity0 , 66.7%), followed by Gram-negative bacteria (three @entity0 , 20%) and fungi (two @entity0 , 13.3%). In this study, 34.3% of @entity0 were treated by at least one topical antimicrobial before culture. @entity0 who received topical therapy before culture showed positive culture rate of 16.7%, and @entity0 who underwent corneal culture without topical antibiotics showed positive culture rate of 23.9%. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in positive culture rate (P=0.554). CONCLUSION: The proportions of the elderly and male @entity0 were higher than the young and female @entity0 , respectively. Gram-positive bacteria were the most common pathogens, and @entity2 was the most common predisposing factor.

title: Clinical features of XXXX at a tertiary referral center in a rural area of Korea.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 is a common @entity2 and a leading cause of @entity2 related @entity4 . @entity2 staging following resection is key to determining any adjuvant therapy in those @entity0 with high risk disease. In @entity3 , @entity2 stage and lymph node stage are the main pathological factors which have been considered to influence outcome. Increasing emphasis is now being placed on other factors, especially the presence of extramural @entity1 (EMVI). It is important to understand the relationship of EMVI with other pathological factors and to confirm that in an individual centre that EMVI is being detected at an appropriate rate and is of prognostic significance. This comprehensive study assesses the reporting and prognostic significance of EMVI in a single centre, using prospectively collected data from histopathology reports of a cohort of 2405 @entity0 who underwent surgery for @entity3 over a nine year period. Overall, EMVI was reported in 27.9% of @entity3 excision specimens. In @entity2 (n = 1928) that had not received neoadjuvant therapy, the presence of EMVI varied significantly depending on @entity2 site (  2 = 12.03, p<0.005), @entity2 stage (  2 = 268.188, p<0.001), lymph node stage (  2 = 294.368, p<0.001) and Dukes' stage (  2 = 253.753, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed EMVI as a significant independent prognostic indicator (p<0.001). In conclusion, the presence of EMVI as an independent prognostic indicator is shown and is related to other pathological and prognostic factors. This study emphasises the requirement for the accurate identification of EMVI in @entity3 excision specimens and also understanding the relationship of EMVI with other prognostic factors.

title: A Comprehensive Study of Extramural XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 is a common @entity2 and a leading cause of @entity2 related @entity4 . @entity2 staging following resection is key to determining any adjuvant therapy in those @entity0 with high risk disease. In @entity3 , @entity2 stage and lymph node stage are the main pathological factors which have been considered to influence outcome. Increasing emphasis is now being placed on other factors, especially the presence of extramural @entity1 (EMVI). It is important to understand the relationship of EMVI with other pathological factors and to confirm that in an individual centre that EMVI is being detected at an appropriate rate and is of prognostic significance. This comprehensive study assesses the reporting and prognostic significance of EMVI in a single centre, using prospectively collected data from histopathology reports of a cohort of 2405 @entity0 who underwent surgery for @entity3 over a nine year period. Overall, EMVI was reported in 27.9% of @entity3 excision specimens. In @entity2 (n = 1928) that had not received neoadjuvant therapy, the presence of EMVI varied significantly depending on @entity2 site (  2 = 12.03, p<0.005), @entity2 stage (  2 = 268.188, p<0.001), lymph node stage (  2 = 294.368, p<0.001) and Dukes' stage (  2 = 253.753, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed EMVI as a significant independent prognostic indicator (p<0.001). In conclusion, the presence of EMVI as an independent prognostic indicator is shown and is related to other pathological and prognostic factors. This study emphasises the requirement for the accurate identification of EMVI in @entity3 excision specimens and also understanding the relationship of EMVI with other prognostic factors.

title: A Comprehensive Study of Extramural @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether the incidence of @entity1 in Western, industrialized countries has changed over time has been the subject of much debate. The purpose of this primary-care study was to examine changes in the incidence of @entity1 in The Netherlands during the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. METHOD: A nationwide network of general practitioners (GPs), serving a representative sample (~1%) of the total Dutch population, recorded newly diagnosed @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity3 ) in their practice during 1985-1989, 1995-1999, and 2005-2009. GPs are key players in the Dutch healthcare system, as their written referral is mandatory in order to get access to specialized (mental) healthcare, covered by health insurance. Health insurance is virtually universal in The Netherlands (99% of the population). A substantial number of GPs participated in all three study periods, during which the same case identification criteria were used and the same psychiatrist was responsible for making the final diagnoses. Incidence rates were calculated and for comparison between periods, incidence rate ratios. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate of @entity3 decreased significantly in the past three decades (from 8.6 per 100 000 @entity0 -years in 1985-1989 to 6.1 in 1995-1999, and 3.2 in 2005-2009). The overall incidence of @entity2 remained fairly stable during three decades, i.e. 7.4 per 1 00 000 @entity0 -years in 1985-1989, 7.8 in 1995-1999, and 6.0 in 2005-2009. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate of @entity3 decreased significantly over the past three decades, while the overall incidence rate of @entity2 remained stable.

title: Three decades of XXXX in Dutch primary care: decreasing incidence of @entity3 but not of @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether the incidence of @entity1 in Western, industrialized countries has changed over time has been the subject of much debate. The purpose of this primary-care study was to examine changes in the incidence of @entity1 in The Netherlands during the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. METHOD: A nationwide network of general practitioners (GPs), serving a representative sample (~1%) of the total Dutch population, recorded newly diagnosed @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity3 ) in their practice during 1985-1989, 1995-1999, and 2005-2009. GPs are key players in the Dutch healthcare system, as their written referral is mandatory in order to get access to specialized (mental) healthcare, covered by health insurance. Health insurance is virtually universal in The Netherlands (99% of the population). A substantial number of GPs participated in all three study periods, during which the same case identification criteria were used and the same psychiatrist was responsible for making the final diagnoses. Incidence rates were calculated and for comparison between periods, incidence rate ratios. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate of @entity3 decreased significantly in the past three decades (from 8.6 per 100 000 @entity0 -years in 1985-1989 to 6.1 in 1995-1999, and 3.2 in 2005-2009). The overall incidence of @entity2 remained fairly stable during three decades, i.e. 7.4 per 1 00 000 @entity0 -years in 1985-1989, 7.8 in 1995-1999, and 6.0 in 2005-2009. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate of @entity3 decreased significantly over the past three decades, while the overall incidence rate of @entity2 remained stable.

title: Three decades of @entity1 in Dutch primary care: decreasing incidence of @entity3 but not of XXXX .

answer: @entity2