abstract: Bacteria are able to sense a broad range of chemical and energetic stimuli and modulate their swimming behaviour to migrate to more favourable environments. Signal transduction in bacterial @entity4 is mediated by a two-component system composed of a protein @entity3 kinase, CheA, and a response regulator, CheY. The phosphorylated response regulator, P approximately CheY, binds to a protein at the flagellar motor, FliM, to cause reversals in @entity2 . The level of P approximately CheY is controlled by the activity of the kinase CheA, which is in turn regulated by membrane receptors at the cell surface. Membrane receptors such as the @entity0 receptor, Tar, are composed of two distinct regions: an extracellular sensing domain that binds stimulatory ligands, @entity0 in the case of Tar; and an intracellular signalling domain that forms a complex with the protein kinase CheA. What is the mechanism of transmembrane signalling? How does @entity0 binding to the sensing domain at the outside surface of the membrane translate into a change in kinase activity at the membrane cytosol interface? Recent results suggest that the mechanism depends on perturbations in lateral packing within an extensive array of receptors localized to patches at the cell poles. Receptor patching appears to depend on higher-order associations with the kinase CheA as well as an adaptor protein, CheW. It is difficult to assess the locus of pH effects within the context of even a simple signal transduction system like that involved in bacterial @entity4 . Previous results with mutant strains have indicated that the @entity1 receptor, Tsr, is critical for pH sensing, but in vitro results do not support such a straightforward interpretation of the genetic data.

title: pH sensing in bacterial XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide clinical data concerning the visual outcome and recurrence rate of medial @entity2 in consideration of two different subgroups of this @entity1 entity. METHODS: Among 256 @entity2 , there were 108 medial @entity2 of globoid shape. They were classified into Group 1 (without cavernous sinus involvement) and Group 2 (with cavernous sinus involvement). En @entity2 were excluded from the analysis. The charts of the @entity0 including surgical records, discharge letters, follow-up records, and imaging studies were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: There were 39 Group 1 @entity1 and 69 Group 2 @entity1 . For microsurgical @entity1 removal, the frontolateral (15.7%) or the pterional approach (84.3%) was performed. Total resection was achieved in 92.3% of @entity0 with Group 1 @entity1 and 14.5% of those with Group 2 @entity1 . Radiological recurrence was observed in 7.7% (Group 1 @entity1 ) and 27.5% (Group 2 @entity1 ). The mean follow-up time was 79.04 months (6.59 yr). Improvement of visual function (or stable visual function) was observed in 56% (44%) of @entity0 with Group 1 @entity1 , in 30% (60%) with newly diagnosed Group 2 @entity1 , and 10% (70%) undergoing recurrent surgery for Group 2 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Group 1 @entity2 present a more favorable subgroup with fortunate visual outcome. In Group 2 @entity1 , visual improvement was less favorable and radical removal is limited because of cavernous sinus infiltration, with consequential higher recurrence rates. @entity0 harboring recurrent Group 2 @entity1 with deteriorating visual function profit from microsurgery because vision can be preserved on the same preoperative level in the majority.

title: Medial XXXX : clinical outcome and recurrence rate.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 are common in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in frequencies of self-reported @entity1 symptoms, harmful @entity3 use and healthcare contacts, in an urban and a rural area in Sweden. Two samples of 10,441 (urban site) and 3538 (rural site) subjects, aged 20-64, responded to a questionnaire, covering demographic characteristics and self-report @entity1 instruments as well as contact with healthcare during the past 12 months. Psychiatric symptoms and symptoms of @entity5 were reported by 17% of the urban @entity0 compared with 13% of the rural @entity0 , and by 20% of the urban @entity0 compared with 15% of the rural @entity0 . This difference is mainly due to an uneven age distribution in the two populations and remains statistically significant only in the oldest age group (50-64 years). Symptoms of @entity2 and @entity4 occurred with similar frequencies in both samples. Harmful @entity3 use was reported by 3.6% of the urban @entity0 , 1.5% of rural @entity0 , 11.8% of urban @entity0 and 8.6% of rural @entity0 . The urban sample had more often been in contact with medical services, 77% vs. 52%. Symptoms of @entity2 and @entity4 were equally common in the two samples. Harmful use of @entity3 was more common in the urban sample, especially among @entity0 . Most obvious was the stronger inclination to seek help in the urban sample.

title: XXXX and healthcare contacts in an urban and a rural area. Comparisons of two Swedish counties.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The study of the neurobehavioral consequences of mutations of @entity1 , the gene responsible for @entity0 ( @entity0 ), has been based largely on correlations between mutation patterns and cognitive profile. Following the characterization of @entity1 , the @entity1 gene product, preliminary correlations between @entity1 levels, and neurologic phenotype have been established. However, most of these investigations have focused on individuals at both ends of the genetic and cognitive spectra of @entity0 , subjects with normal or premutation (PM) alleles or males with the @entity1 full mutation (FM). The present study is designed to characterize @entity1 expression and to correlate it with IQ, in a sample representing a wide spectrum of @entity1 mutations. For this purpose we developed a highly sensitive immunoblotting assay using peripheral leukocytes. Three distinct patterns of @entity1 immunoreactivity (-ir) emerged. Individuals with normal (n = 28) and PM (n = 8) alleles as well as most females with the FM (n = 14) showed the highest levels with multiple approximately 70-80 kDa @entity1 -ir bands. Males with the FM (n = 10) demonstrated only a 70 kDa @entity1 -ir band, and had significantly lower levels when compared with any previous groups. Males with mosaicism and three of 14 females with FM displayed a doublet with equal amounts of the highest and lowest molecular weight @entity1 -ir bands. Multiple regression models that adjust for the effect of parental IQ indicated that both activation ratio and @entity1 -ir are significantly correlated to subject IQ. We conclude that @entity1 -ir offers promise as an indicator of the impact of @entity1 mutations upon neurologic function. Furthermore, our unexpected finding of @entity1 -ir in all males with FM suggests that most of them are not transcriptionally silent.

title: Genotype, molecular phenotype, and cognitive phenotype: correlations in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: The aim of this article is to present a new method for treating @entity2 , the one window plus puncture method (1WP) in which a thin endoscope is used. METHODS: With the @entity0 in the lateral position and under one-lung ventilation, a one-window working port was created on the ventral side. An introducer was inserted on the dorsal side, and the operation to treat @entity2 was performed under observation with a thin endoscope, that was 2 mm to 3 mm in diameter. RESULTS: This study enrolled 540 @entity0 , in whom thoracoscopic surgery was performed in order to treat @entity2 during the period from 1995 to 2004. The cases were divided into two groups: the first group comprised 324 cases (TWM group) in which surgery was performed by the two windows method (TWM), and the second group comprised 216 cases (1WP group) in which surgery was performed by the one window plus puncture method (1WP) using a thin endoscope. After surgery the two groups were compared. The TWM group consisted of 282 males and 42 females, and the @entity0 ' mean age was 32+/-14.5 years (range: 15 to 76 years). The 1WP group consisted of 202 males and 14 females, and the @entity0 ' mean age was 21.6+/-6.1 years (range: 15 to 48 years). The mean interval between hospital admission and surgery was 1.5+/-2.8 days in the TWM group and 0.9+/-1.5 days in the in the 1WP group. The mean interval between surgery and hospital discharge was 3.3+/-2.5 days in the TWM group and 2.3+/-0.7 days in the 1WP group. There was a postoperative recurrence in 13 (4%) of the cases in the TWM group, and reoperation was performed in 8 of them; and there was a recurrence in 7 (3.2%) of the cases in the 1WP group, and reoperation was performed in all of them. Thoracoscopic surgery using the thin endoscope was esthetically superior, surgical invasion was minor, and the @entity0 were able to return to their daily lives sooner. CONCLUSIONS: A thoracoscopic surgery performed aggressively to treat @entity2 made it possible for the @entity0 to return to their daily lives sooner. As thoracoscopic surgery by the 1WP method eliminates the access site on the dorsal side, used in the TWM, and utilizes only a 2 mm to 3 mm puncture, it is a more esthetic procedure, similar in terms of appearance to inserting a @entity1 without performing surgery.

title: Thoracoscopic one window plus puncture method for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The behavior of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is assessed during mechanical ventilation (MV) and spontaneous @entity4 after extubation in critical @entity0 . METHODS: Thirty @entity0 admitted in the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were enrolled. @entity5 , fluid balance (FB), airway pressure (AP) and @entity1 infusion needing (DP) were registered in three stages: T0, admission to @entity3 ; T1, before extubation; T2, 24 h after extubation. RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) had @entity5 values higher than other @entity0 . The value of @entity5 during MV was greater than normal in all @entity0 . The cut-off to discriminate @entity0 with @entity2 during MV was 286 pgxmL(-1)(sensitivity: 86%; specificity: 90%). The increase of @entity5 during MV directly correlated with FB and inversely correlated with AP and DP. The plasmatic level of @entity5 remained higher than normal values 24 h after extubation. CONCLUSIONS: The underlying disease of an @entity3 @entity0 seems to play a relevant role for @entity5 production and is probably linked to different aspects of therapeutic approach required by the @entity0 . Our data suggest a cut-off value of @entity5 higher than the usual is necessary to discriminate mechanically-ventilated @entity0 without @entity2 . This study should be repeated with an enlarged population.

title: Behavior of @entity5 during mechanical ventilation and spontaneous XXXX after extubation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The behavior of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is assessed during mechanical ventilation (MV) and spontaneous @entity4 after extubation in critical @entity0 . METHODS: Thirty @entity0 admitted in the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were enrolled. @entity5 , fluid balance (FB), airway pressure (AP) and @entity1 infusion needing (DP) were registered in three stages: T0, admission to @entity3 ; T1, before extubation; T2, 24 h after extubation. RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) had @entity5 values higher than other @entity0 . The value of @entity5 during MV was greater than normal in all @entity0 . The cut-off to discriminate @entity0 with @entity2 during MV was 286 pgxmL(-1)(sensitivity: 86%; specificity: 90%). The increase of @entity5 during MV directly correlated with FB and inversely correlated with AP and DP. The plasmatic level of @entity5 remained higher than normal values 24 h after extubation. CONCLUSIONS: The underlying disease of an @entity3 @entity0 seems to play a relevant role for @entity5 production and is probably linked to different aspects of therapeutic approach required by the @entity0 . Our data suggest a cut-off value of @entity5 higher than the usual is necessary to discriminate mechanically-ventilated @entity0 without @entity2 . This study should be repeated with an enlarged population.

title: Behavior of XXXX during mechanical ventilation and spontaneous @entity4 after extubation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy and side effects of topical nonpreserved corticosteroid therapy for treatment of severe @entity14 associated with @entity7 . DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. @entity0 : Twenty-one @entity0 with @entity7 -associated @entity14 sicca and annoying @entity3 . INTERVENTION: Treatment with topical nonpreserved @entity13 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptom severity, frequency of instillation of artificial tears, corneal @entity9 staining scores, resolution of @entity10 , @entity2 -related side effects. RESULTS: Before starting @entity11 therapy, all @entity0 were experiencing moderate-to-severe eye @entity3 despite prior @entity6 in most cases and frequent use of nonpreserved artificial tears by all. After 2 weeks of topical application, three to four times per day, moderate (43%) or complete (57%) relief of @entity3 symptoms was experienced by all @entity0 and no complications were observed. An average decrease in corneal fluorescein scores of 2.6 +/- 0.5 points (on a 12-point scale) was observed, and @entity10 resolved in all ten eyes with this condition. Therapy was stopped after 2 weeks in eight @entity0 , and six of these @entity0 reported that their symptoms remained at a tolerable level for weeks to months. Lower dose @entity2 therapy was continued in the remaining @entity0 , whose symptoms worsened after attempted weaning. Complications of corticosteroid therapy in @entity0 receiving prolonged therapy included @entity12 in one @entity0 at 3 months, worsening of pre-existing posterior subcapsular @entity4 in one @entity0 at 6 months, and formation of posterior subcapsular @entity4 in another @entity0 at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that topical nonpreserved @entity11 is an effective treatment option for @entity0 suffering from severe @entity14 sicca who continue to experience bothersome eye @entity3 despite maximum aqueous enhancement therapies. They also suggest that @entity1 is a key pathogenic factor in this condition. Careful monitoring is essential in @entity8 @entity0 treated with @entity5 for more than 2 weeks because @entity2 -related complications ( @entity12 and @entity4 formation) were observed after several months of therapy in this series. Because of the chronic nature of this disease and the likelihood of @entity0 developing @entity2 -related complications with their long-term use, topical nonpreserved @entity11 therapy appears to be most appropriate for short-term "pulse" treatment of exacerbations of @entity14 sicca.

title: Topical nonpreserved XXXX therapy for @entity14 sicca in @entity7 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy and side effects of topical nonpreserved corticosteroid therapy for treatment of severe @entity14 associated with @entity7 . DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. @entity0 : Twenty-one @entity0 with @entity7 -associated @entity14 sicca and annoying @entity3 . INTERVENTION: Treatment with topical nonpreserved @entity13 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptom severity, frequency of instillation of artificial tears, corneal @entity9 staining scores, resolution of @entity10 , @entity2 -related side effects. RESULTS: Before starting @entity11 therapy, all @entity0 were experiencing moderate-to-severe eye @entity3 despite prior @entity6 in most cases and frequent use of nonpreserved artificial tears by all. After 2 weeks of topical application, three to four times per day, moderate (43%) or complete (57%) relief of @entity3 symptoms was experienced by all @entity0 and no complications were observed. An average decrease in corneal fluorescein scores of 2.6 +/- 0.5 points (on a 12-point scale) was observed, and @entity10 resolved in all ten eyes with this condition. Therapy was stopped after 2 weeks in eight @entity0 , and six of these @entity0 reported that their symptoms remained at a tolerable level for weeks to months. Lower dose @entity2 therapy was continued in the remaining @entity0 , whose symptoms worsened after attempted weaning. Complications of corticosteroid therapy in @entity0 receiving prolonged therapy included @entity12 in one @entity0 at 3 months, worsening of pre-existing posterior subcapsular @entity4 in one @entity0 at 6 months, and formation of posterior subcapsular @entity4 in another @entity0 at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that topical nonpreserved @entity11 is an effective treatment option for @entity0 suffering from severe @entity14 sicca who continue to experience bothersome eye @entity3 despite maximum aqueous enhancement therapies. They also suggest that @entity1 is a key pathogenic factor in this condition. Careful monitoring is essential in @entity8 @entity0 treated with @entity5 for more than 2 weeks because @entity2 -related complications ( @entity12 and @entity4 formation) were observed after several months of therapy in this series. Because of the chronic nature of this disease and the likelihood of @entity0 developing @entity2 -related complications with their long-term use, topical nonpreserved @entity11 therapy appears to be most appropriate for short-term "pulse" treatment of exacerbations of @entity14 sicca.

title: Topical nonpreserved @entity11 therapy for @entity14 sicca in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy and side effects of topical nonpreserved corticosteroid therapy for treatment of severe @entity14 associated with @entity7 . DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. @entity0 : Twenty-one @entity0 with @entity7 -associated @entity14 sicca and annoying @entity3 . INTERVENTION: Treatment with topical nonpreserved @entity13 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptom severity, frequency of instillation of artificial tears, corneal @entity9 staining scores, resolution of @entity10 , @entity2 -related side effects. RESULTS: Before starting @entity11 therapy, all @entity0 were experiencing moderate-to-severe eye @entity3 despite prior @entity6 in most cases and frequent use of nonpreserved artificial tears by all. After 2 weeks of topical application, three to four times per day, moderate (43%) or complete (57%) relief of @entity3 symptoms was experienced by all @entity0 and no complications were observed. An average decrease in corneal fluorescein scores of 2.6 +/- 0.5 points (on a 12-point scale) was observed, and @entity10 resolved in all ten eyes with this condition. Therapy was stopped after 2 weeks in eight @entity0 , and six of these @entity0 reported that their symptoms remained at a tolerable level for weeks to months. Lower dose @entity2 therapy was continued in the remaining @entity0 , whose symptoms worsened after attempted weaning. Complications of corticosteroid therapy in @entity0 receiving prolonged therapy included @entity12 in one @entity0 at 3 months, worsening of pre-existing posterior subcapsular @entity4 in one @entity0 at 6 months, and formation of posterior subcapsular @entity4 in another @entity0 at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that topical nonpreserved @entity11 is an effective treatment option for @entity0 suffering from severe @entity14 sicca who continue to experience bothersome eye @entity3 despite maximum aqueous enhancement therapies. They also suggest that @entity1 is a key pathogenic factor in this condition. Careful monitoring is essential in @entity8 @entity0 treated with @entity5 for more than 2 weeks because @entity2 -related complications ( @entity12 and @entity4 formation) were observed after several months of therapy in this series. Because of the chronic nature of this disease and the likelihood of @entity0 developing @entity2 -related complications with their long-term use, topical nonpreserved @entity11 therapy appears to be most appropriate for short-term "pulse" treatment of exacerbations of @entity14 sicca.

title: Topical nonpreserved @entity11 therapy for XXXX sicca in @entity7 .

answer: @entity14


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is the most frequent presenting @entity2 ( @entity11 ). A transient @entity4 attack as an acute mode of onset is exceptional. CASE REPORT: A right handed, forty years old @entity0 with a medical history of recurrent headaches, microcephalia and calcifications in his brain, presenting to the emergency department with left paresis that lasted a few minutes and with a complete recovery. The cerebral and neck magnetic resonance (MR) including MR angiography showed superior sagittal sinus, both transverse sinuses and right sigmoid sinus @entity8 with an increase in size of superficial cerebral venous that drained to the left sigmoid sinus. There was no evidence of @entity9 . The cerebral MR did not show any abnormal parenchymal enhancement ( @entity1 , @entity10 , @entity7 ) including diffusion-weighted IMR. The digital subtraction angiography (ADC) confirmed the same findings as the MR angiography. The diagnosis was a chronic @entity11 . We studied @entity5 in a young adult and we did not find other irregularities. The neurological examination was normal when the @entity0 left the hospital with an antiplatelet drug. CONCLUSIONS: Focal @entity3 is an exceptional event of a chronic vein sinus @entity8 during follow-up. Isolated cases regarding an acute time course have been described. The interest of this case lies in the fact that @entity2 rarely has transitory focal deficit in its course and we found no such description as onset symptoms.

title: [Transient @entity4 attack: the only presenting XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is the most frequent presenting @entity2 ( @entity11 ). A transient @entity4 attack as an acute mode of onset is exceptional. CASE REPORT: A right handed, forty years old @entity0 with a medical history of recurrent headaches, microcephalia and calcifications in his brain, presenting to the emergency department with left paresis that lasted a few minutes and with a complete recovery. The cerebral and neck magnetic resonance (MR) including MR angiography showed superior sagittal sinus, both transverse sinuses and right sigmoid sinus @entity8 with an increase in size of superficial cerebral venous that drained to the left sigmoid sinus. There was no evidence of @entity9 . The cerebral MR did not show any abnormal parenchymal enhancement ( @entity1 , @entity10 , @entity7 ) including diffusion-weighted IMR. The digital subtraction angiography (ADC) confirmed the same findings as the MR angiography. The diagnosis was a chronic @entity11 . We studied @entity5 in a young adult and we did not find other irregularities. The neurological examination was normal when the @entity0 left the hospital with an antiplatelet drug. CONCLUSIONS: Focal @entity3 is an exceptional event of a chronic vein sinus @entity8 during follow-up. Isolated cases regarding an acute time course have been described. The interest of this case lies in the fact that @entity2 rarely has transitory focal deficit in its course and we found no such description as onset symptoms.

title: [Transient XXXX attack: the only presenting @entity2 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The optokinetic reflex (OKR) is a basic visual reflex exhibited by most vertebrates and plays an important role in stabilizing the eye relative to the visual scene. However, the OKR requires that an animal detect moving stripes and it is possible that fish that fail to exhibit an OKR may not be completely blind. One @entity2 mutant, the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has no OKR under any light conditions tested and was reported to be completely blind. Previously, we have shown that OFF-ganglion cell activity can be recorded in these mutants. To determine whether mutant fish with no OKR such as the @entity4 mutant can detect simple light increments and decrements we developed the visual motor behavioral assay (VMR). In this assay, single @entity2 larvae are placed in each well of a 96-well plate allowing the simultaneous monitoring of larvae using an automated video-tracking system. The locomotor responses of each larva to 30 minutes light ON and 30 minutes light OFF were recorded and quantified. WT fish have a brief spike of motor activity upon lights ON, known as the @entity0 response, followed by return to lower-than baseline activity, called a freeze. WT fish also sharply increase their locomotor activity immediately following lights OFF and only gradually (over several minutes) return to baseline locomotor activity. The @entity4 mutants respond similarly to light OFF as WT fish, but exhibit a slight reduction in their average activity as compared to WT fish. Motor activity in response to light ON in @entity4 mutants is delayed and sluggish. There is a slow rise time of the @entity4 mutant response to light ON as compared to WT light ON response. The results indicate that @entity4 fish are not completely blind. Because teleosts can detect light through non-retinal tissues, we confirmed that the immediate behavioral responses to light-intensity changes require intact eyes by using the chokh ( @entity3 ) mutants, which completely lack eyes from the earliest stages of development. In our VMR assay, the @entity3 mutants exhibit no @entity0 response to either light ON or OFF, showing that the @entity1 mediate this behavior. The VMR assay described here complements the well-established OKR assay, which does not test the ability of @entity2 larvae to respond to changes in light intensities. Additionally, the automation of the VMR assay lends itself to high-throughput screening for defects in light-intensity driven visual responses.

title: A behavioral assay to measure responsiveness of XXXX to changes in light intensities.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A 54 year old @entity0 presented with a @entity9 . Symmetrically fatty deposits were present on both upper arms, at the abdomen and both thighs. @entity5 was seen in the axillary fold at the skin bearing surfaces. Shoulder movement was impaired. Liposuction of both upper arms has already been performed, but no significant improvement was obtained. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a dermolipectomy of both upper arms. Postoperatively the @entity0 suffered from a severe wound dehiscence with fulminant wound infection and septic clinical condition. Because of the large wound surface ((1/3) of the upper arm circumference) @entity4 occurred and had to be treated with blood transfusions. Wound exsudation caused a @entity7 . Multiple surgical debridements were necessary in order to clean the wound from @entity2 tissue and afterwards moist dressings were applied. Furthermore the @entity0 received intravenous antibiotic treatment. After stabilisation of the general condition of the @entity0 and the wound situation a @entity6 sponge and a vacuum-sealing were applied and continuous suction was performed (125 mm Hg). This resulted in a significant improvement of the wound situation in regards to wound cleaning, induction of granulation tissue, diminished wound size, reduction of @entity1 and @entity3 reduction. After four weeks of vacuum therapy defect coverage was possible and split thickness skin grafting was performed. The skin graft was attached to the wound using a vacuum-dressing. After removal of the vacuum dressing on the fifth day the skin graft has completely healed. DISCUSSION: Vacuum therapy is suitable for disastrous wound conditions in order to achieve a @entity8 , @entity3 reduction and create a clean wound with granulation tissue for further surgical defect coverage using skin grafts or flaps.

title: [Vacuum-assisted closure (V.A.C.) of disastrous wound conditions in XXXX ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The MRL-Fas( @entity8 ) @entity0 , an animal that spontaneously develops multisystemic @entity7 , has been proposed as model of immune-mediated @entity2 . Previous studies revealed that this @entity0 manifested elevated auditory brainstem response thresholds, @entity3 of strial cells, and antibody deposition within strial capillaries. As the etiology of the observed strial disease may be immune, genetic, or uremic, a study was designed to attempt to delineate between these possible etiologic factors. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, controlled animal study. METHODS: @entity4 , which is known to suppress autoantibody production and @entity5 in these animals, was administered systemically on a daily basis to experimental animals, beginning at 6 weeks of age. Control animals received no treatment. Animals were allowed to age, with control animals predictably manifesting @entity1 at 20 weeks of age, at which point all animals were sacrificed. RESULTS: Animals receiving @entity4 treatment manifested a significant reduction in serum immunoglobulin levels, @entity6 , and a significant improvement in the level of renal function. However, morphologic analysis revealed a persistence of strial disease despite the elimination of strial antibody deposition. CONCLUSION: The results of this experiment support the hypothesis that genetic mechanisms may be responsible for the observed strial disease. Further studies are under way to confirm these findings.

title: Effects of immunosuppression on the development of cochlear disease in the MRL-Fas( XXXX ) @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The MRL-Fas( @entity8 ) @entity0 , an animal that spontaneously develops multisystemic @entity7 , has been proposed as model of immune-mediated @entity2 . Previous studies revealed that this @entity0 manifested elevated auditory brainstem response thresholds, @entity3 of strial cells, and antibody deposition within strial capillaries. As the etiology of the observed strial disease may be immune, genetic, or uremic, a study was designed to attempt to delineate between these possible etiologic factors. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, controlled animal study. METHODS: @entity4 , which is known to suppress autoantibody production and @entity5 in these animals, was administered systemically on a daily basis to experimental animals, beginning at 6 weeks of age. Control animals received no treatment. Animals were allowed to age, with control animals predictably manifesting @entity1 at 20 weeks of age, at which point all animals were sacrificed. RESULTS: Animals receiving @entity4 treatment manifested a significant reduction in serum immunoglobulin levels, @entity6 , and a significant improvement in the level of renal function. However, morphologic analysis revealed a persistence of strial disease despite the elimination of strial antibody deposition. CONCLUSION: The results of this experiment support the hypothesis that genetic mechanisms may be responsible for the observed strial disease. Further studies are under way to confirm these findings.

title: Effects of immunosuppression on the development of cochlear disease in the MRL-Fas( @entity8 ) XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and accuracy of @entity2 / @entity5 stress echocardiography (DASE) for the detection of @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 candidates to renal transplant were submitted consecutively to DASE and coronary angiography. The adopted angiographic criteria for @entity3 were an obstructive lesion of > or = 50% and > or = 70%. RESULTS: 148 @entity0 underwent the DASE and the coronary angiography. Mean age was 52 +/- 9 years, 69% of the @entity0 were males; 27% had @entity4 and 73% had LVH; 63% were asymptomatic; 36% and 22% presented coronary obstructions > or = 50% and 70%, respectively. The DASE performance was 91% and major complication rate was 2.7%. The sensibility, specificity and accuracy for the diagnosis of coronary obstruction > 50% were 53% (CI:45-61), 87% (CI:81-93), and 75% (CI:63-83) respectively. For coronary obstruction > or = 70% these values were, respectively, 71% (CI:64-92), 85% (CI:79-91) and 81% (CI:75-87). The sensibility to detect univessel and multivessel disease was 41% (CI:19-63) and 78% (CI:64-92), respectively. CONCLUSION: The DASE was practical and safe; however, it presented a poor result for the detection of @entity3 regarding obstructions > or = 50%. It can be a useful screening for the detection of @entity3 in candidates with obstructions > or = 70% and multivessel disease.

title: Feasibility, safety and accuracy of @entity2 / @entity5 stress echocardiography for the detection of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and accuracy of @entity2 / @entity5 stress echocardiography (DASE) for the detection of @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 candidates to renal transplant were submitted consecutively to DASE and coronary angiography. The adopted angiographic criteria for @entity3 were an obstructive lesion of > or = 50% and > or = 70%. RESULTS: 148 @entity0 underwent the DASE and the coronary angiography. Mean age was 52 +/- 9 years, 69% of the @entity0 were males; 27% had @entity4 and 73% had LVH; 63% were asymptomatic; 36% and 22% presented coronary obstructions > or = 50% and 70%, respectively. The DASE performance was 91% and major complication rate was 2.7%. The sensibility, specificity and accuracy for the diagnosis of coronary obstruction > 50% were 53% (CI:45-61), 87% (CI:81-93), and 75% (CI:63-83) respectively. For coronary obstruction > or = 70% these values were, respectively, 71% (CI:64-92), 85% (CI:79-91) and 81% (CI:75-87). The sensibility to detect univessel and multivessel disease was 41% (CI:19-63) and 78% (CI:64-92), respectively. CONCLUSION: The DASE was practical and safe; however, it presented a poor result for the detection of @entity3 regarding obstructions > or = 50%. It can be a useful screening for the detection of @entity3 in candidates with obstructions > or = 70% and multivessel disease.

title: Feasibility, safety and accuracy of @entity2 / XXXX stress echocardiography for the detection of @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and accuracy of @entity2 / @entity5 stress echocardiography (DASE) for the detection of @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 candidates to renal transplant were submitted consecutively to DASE and coronary angiography. The adopted angiographic criteria for @entity3 were an obstructive lesion of > or = 50% and > or = 70%. RESULTS: 148 @entity0 underwent the DASE and the coronary angiography. Mean age was 52 +/- 9 years, 69% of the @entity0 were males; 27% had @entity4 and 73% had LVH; 63% were asymptomatic; 36% and 22% presented coronary obstructions > or = 50% and 70%, respectively. The DASE performance was 91% and major complication rate was 2.7%. The sensibility, specificity and accuracy for the diagnosis of coronary obstruction > 50% were 53% (CI:45-61), 87% (CI:81-93), and 75% (CI:63-83) respectively. For coronary obstruction > or = 70% these values were, respectively, 71% (CI:64-92), 85% (CI:79-91) and 81% (CI:75-87). The sensibility to detect univessel and multivessel disease was 41% (CI:19-63) and 78% (CI:64-92), respectively. CONCLUSION: The DASE was practical and safe; however, it presented a poor result for the detection of @entity3 regarding obstructions > or = 50%. It can be a useful screening for the detection of @entity3 in candidates with obstructions > or = 70% and multivessel disease.

title: Feasibility, safety and accuracy of XXXX / @entity5 stress echocardiography for the detection of @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Isospora suis is a common pathogen in piggeries and one of the main causative agents of scours in suckling piglets. Besides specific treatment, optimised hygiene including chemical disinfection is considered essential in the control of isosporosis. The suitability of the @entity3 -based product Neopredisan 135-1(R) (NP) to inactivate oocysts in vitro and to reduce infection pressure in commercial piggeries was evaluated. Under in vitro conditions, NP at a final concentration of 2 or 4% induced lysis of more than 95% of sporulated oocysts at a contact time of 30 min and destroyed all oocysts after a contact time of 90 min or more. A total of six trials (T1-T6) were performed on two farms (I and II). T5 was split into two parts, @entity4 . Two groups of litters kept in farrowing crates either disinfected conventionally before farrowing (controls, group C) or disinfected with 4% dilution of NP before farrowing and with 2% NP one to three times thereafter (group NP) were compared in each trial. Altogether, 81 litters were randomly allocated to group NP and 77 litters to group C (comprising a total of 1,465 piglets). Piglet faeces were collected individually 5 days after birth and six times thereafter in intervals of 2 or 3 days from four piglets per litter and microscopically examined for oocysts of I. suis. @entity1 scores, other clinical data ( @entity0 , coat length etc.), weights and loss of piglets until weaning were recorded. One trial (T3) could not be analysed because of insufficient cleaning before disinfection. In group C, litter prevalence of I. suis ranged between 40 and 80%. The proportion of positive litters was considerably reduced by approximately 50% in disinfected crates except for one trial, and the number of affected piglets decreased by up to 80%. @entity1 and oocyst excretion were significantly associated. @entity1 was less frequently observed in disinfected crates. In general, isosporosis appeared mild to subclinical, and no significant effects of disinfection on other clinical data, @entity2 and number of weaned piglets were noted. It is concluded that NP efficiently inactivates oocysts of I. suis, and that additional disinfection after farrowing is suited to reduce infection pressure. No clear relation of infection prevalence to the frequency of intermediate disinfection (one, two or three times) was seen, and thus, single intermediate disinfection 1 week after farrowing is considered sufficient.

title: Control of piglet coccidiosis by chemical disinfection with a XXXX -based product (Neopredisan 135-1).

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fas ( @entity2 / @entity2 is a potent inducer of apoptosis and one of the major killing effector mechanisms of cytotoxic T cells. Thus, @entity0 activity has to be tightly regulated, involving various transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. For example, preformed @entity0 is stored in secretory lysosomes of activated T cells, and rapidly released by degranulation upon reactivation. In this study, we analyzed the minimal requirements for activation-induced degranulation of @entity0 . T cell receptor activation can be mimicked by @entity1 ionophore and @entity4 . Unexpectedly, we found that stimulation with @entity4 alone is sufficient to trigger @entity0 release, whereas @entity1 ionophore is neither sufficient nor necessary. The relevance of this process was confirmed in primary CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and NK cells. Although the activation of protein kinase(s) was absolutely required for @entity0 degranulation, protein kinase C or A were not involved. Previous reports have shown that preformed @entity0 co-localizes with other markers of cytolytic granules. We found, however, that the activation-induced degranulation of @entity0 has distinct requirements and involves different mechanisms than those of the granule markers @entity5 and @entity3 / @entity3 . We conclude that activation-induced degranulation of @entity0 in cytotoxic lymphocytes is differently regulated than other classical cytotoxic granule proteins.

title: Distinct requirements for activation-induced cell surface expression of preformed Fas/ XXXX ligand and cytolytic granule markers in T cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of school-based strategies for @entity1 prevention and control using methods of systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Peer-reviewed studies published between 1966 and October 2004 were considered for review. Studies meeting eligibility criteria were published in English, targeted @entity0 aged 3-18 in a school setting, reported weight-related outcomes, included a control measurement and had at least a 6-month follow-up period. Studies employed interventions related to nutrition, physical activity, reduction in television viewing or combinations thereof. Weight related data were analyzed using RevMan software. RESULTS: Sixty-four studies were considered for inclusion. Fourteen did not meet inclusion criteria; 29 were excluded due to poor methodological quality. Twenty-one papers describing 19 studies were included in the systematic review and 8 of these were included in the meta-analysis. Nutrition and physical activity interventions resulted in significant reductions in body weight compared with control ((standardized mean difference, SMD=-0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.45 to -0.14), random effects model). Parental or family involvement of nutrition and physical activity interventions also induced @entity2 ((SMD=-0.20, 95%CI=-0.41 to 0.00), random effects model). CONCLUSION: Combination nutrition and physical activity interventions are effective at achieving @entity2 in school settings. Several promising strategies for addressing @entity1 in the school setting are suggested, and warrant replication and further testing.

title: Strategies for the prevention and control of XXXX in the school setting: systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The efficacy of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity4 kinase inhibitor (TKI) @entity7 was assessed in a phase II study in @entity0 with advanced @entity2 . Several biologic features were investigated as potential markers of @entity7 activity. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with advanced @entity2 , who had failed one line of prior chemotherapy, were administered @entity7 500 mg/d. Response was evaluated every 8 weeks. Tumor material obtained before @entity7 treatment was investigated for gene mutations in @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity8 ; protein expression levels of @entity3 , p-Akt, and p- @entity9 ; and @entity3 gene amplification. RESULTS: Of the 36 enrolled @entity0 , one (2.8%) achieved a partial response, 10 (27.8%) had stable disease, 17 (47.2%) experienced progression on treatment, and eight (22.2%) were not assessable for response. The progression-free survival time was 59 days, and the median overall survival time was 164 days. Although @entity3 or @entity8 mutations were absent, @entity6 mutations were found in two @entity0 with progressive disease. High @entity3 gene copy number was identified in two @entity0 experiencing partial response or progressive disease. A higher disease control rate (response plus stable disease) was observed in females (P = .038) and in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ; P = .013) or high @entity3 expression (P = .002). CONCLUSION: @entity7 has a modest activity in second-line treatment of advanced @entity2 . However, the @entity0 outcome was significantly better in female @entity0 and in @entity0 demonstrating high @entity3 expression or @entity5 histology. The selection of @entity2 @entity0 for future studies with @entity3 -TKIs based on the level of @entity3 expression in their @entity1 or @entity5 histology should be considered.

title: Predictive factors for outcome in a phase II study of @entity7 in second-line treatment of advanced XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The efficacy of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity4 kinase inhibitor (TKI) @entity7 was assessed in a phase II study in @entity0 with advanced @entity2 . Several biologic features were investigated as potential markers of @entity7 activity. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with advanced @entity2 , who had failed one line of prior chemotherapy, were administered @entity7 500 mg/d. Response was evaluated every 8 weeks. Tumor material obtained before @entity7 treatment was investigated for gene mutations in @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity8 ; protein expression levels of @entity3 , p-Akt, and p- @entity9 ; and @entity3 gene amplification. RESULTS: Of the 36 enrolled @entity0 , one (2.8%) achieved a partial response, 10 (27.8%) had stable disease, 17 (47.2%) experienced progression on treatment, and eight (22.2%) were not assessable for response. The progression-free survival time was 59 days, and the median overall survival time was 164 days. Although @entity3 or @entity8 mutations were absent, @entity6 mutations were found in two @entity0 with progressive disease. High @entity3 gene copy number was identified in two @entity0 experiencing partial response or progressive disease. A higher disease control rate (response plus stable disease) was observed in females (P = .038) and in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ; P = .013) or high @entity3 expression (P = .002). CONCLUSION: @entity7 has a modest activity in second-line treatment of advanced @entity2 . However, the @entity0 outcome was significantly better in female @entity0 and in @entity0 demonstrating high @entity3 expression or @entity5 histology. The selection of @entity2 @entity0 for future studies with @entity3 -TKIs based on the level of @entity3 expression in their @entity1 or @entity5 histology should be considered.

title: Predictive factors for outcome in a phase II study of XXXX in second-line treatment of advanced @entity2 @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: The efficacy of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity4 kinase inhibitor (TKI) @entity7 was assessed in a phase II study in @entity0 with advanced @entity2 . Several biologic features were investigated as potential markers of @entity7 activity. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with advanced @entity2 , who had failed one line of prior chemotherapy, were administered @entity7 500 mg/d. Response was evaluated every 8 weeks. Tumor material obtained before @entity7 treatment was investigated for gene mutations in @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity8 ; protein expression levels of @entity3 , p-Akt, and p- @entity9 ; and @entity3 gene amplification. RESULTS: Of the 36 enrolled @entity0 , one (2.8%) achieved a partial response, 10 (27.8%) had stable disease, 17 (47.2%) experienced progression on treatment, and eight (22.2%) were not assessable for response. The progression-free survival time was 59 days, and the median overall survival time was 164 days. Although @entity3 or @entity8 mutations were absent, @entity6 mutations were found in two @entity0 with progressive disease. High @entity3 gene copy number was identified in two @entity0 experiencing partial response or progressive disease. A higher disease control rate (response plus stable disease) was observed in females (P = .038) and in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ; P = .013) or high @entity3 expression (P = .002). CONCLUSION: @entity7 has a modest activity in second-line treatment of advanced @entity2 . However, the @entity0 outcome was significantly better in female @entity0 and in @entity0 demonstrating high @entity3 expression or @entity5 histology. The selection of @entity2 @entity0 for future studies with @entity3 -TKIs based on the level of @entity3 expression in their @entity1 or @entity5 histology should be considered.

title: Predictive factors for outcome in a phase II study of @entity7 in second-line treatment of advanced @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Avian influenza virus (H5N1) has caused serious infections in @entity0 beings. This virus has the potential to emerge as a pandemic threat in @entity0 . Effective vaccines against @entity4 are needed. A recombinant @entity6 baculovirus, Bmg64HA, was constructed for the expression of HA protein of H5N1 influenza virus displaying on the viral envelope surface. The HA protein accounted for approximately 3% of the total viral proteins in @entity6 pupae infected with the recombinant virus. Using a series of separation and purification methods, pure Bmgp64HA virus was isolated from these @entity6 pupae bioreactors. @entity7 adjuvant was used for an H5N1 influenza vaccine. Immunization with this vaccine at doses of 2 mg/kg and 0.67 mg/kg was carried out to induce the production of neutralizing antibodies, which protected monkeys against @entity4 . At these doses, the vaccine induced 1:40 antibody titers in 50% and 67% of the monkeys, respectively. The results of safety evaluation indicated that the vaccine did not cause any @entity3 at the dosage as large as 3.2 mg/kg in @entity5 and 1.6 mg/kg in @entity1 . The results of dose safety evaluation of vaccine indicated that the safe dose of the vaccine were higher than 0.375 mg/kg in @entity2 and 3.2 mg/kg in @entity5 . Our work showed the vaccine may be a candidate for a highly effective, cheap, and safe influenza vaccine for use in @entity0 .

title: Safety and immunogenicity of H5N1 influenza vaccine based on baculovirus surface display system of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: DNA vaccine has become an attractive approach for generating antigen-specific immunity. Targeting antigens to FcRs for IgG (FcgammaRs) on dendritic cells (DCs) has been demonstrated to enhance antigen presentation. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has been shown to increase immune responses not only by promoting coclustering of T cells and DCs in the lymph nodes and spleen but also by regulating their immunogenic potential for the induction of T cell responses. In this study, using @entity2 E7 as a model antigen, we constructed a chemotactic-antigen plasmid DNA vaccine (pSLC-E7-Fc) by linking @entity3 and Fc gene sequences to each end of E7 and evaluated its potency of eliciting specific immune response. We found that immunization with pSLC-E7-Fc generated much stronger E7-specific lymphocyte proliferative and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses than control DNA. All the @entity1 receiving pSLC-E7-Fc prophylactic vaccination remained @entity0 free upon subcutaneous inoculation of @entity1 cells, while those given control DNA all developed @entity0 . These @entity0 -free @entity1 were also protected against TC-1 rechallenge. Complete @entity0 regression with long-term survival occurred in 72% of @entity1 given pSLC-E7-Fc as therapeutic vaccination. In experimental lung metastasis model wherein @entity1 cells were intravenously injected, therapeutic vaccination with pSLC-E7-Fc significantly reduced the number of @entity0 nodules in the lung. In vivo depletion with antibodies against CD4+or CD8+ T cells both resulted in complete abrogation of the pSLC-E7-Fc-induced immunotherapeutic effect. Our data indicate that the DNA vaccine constructed by the fusion of @entity3 and IgG Fc fragment genes to antigen-coding gene is an effective approach to induce potent anti- @entity0 immune response via both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dependent pathways.

title: Enhancement of DNA vaccine potency by sandwiching antigen-coding gene between XXXX ( @entity3 ) and IgG Fc fragment genes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: DNA vaccine has become an attractive approach for generating antigen-specific immunity. Targeting antigens to FcRs for IgG (FcgammaRs) on dendritic cells (DCs) has been demonstrated to enhance antigen presentation. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has been shown to increase immune responses not only by promoting coclustering of T cells and DCs in the lymph nodes and spleen but also by regulating their immunogenic potential for the induction of T cell responses. In this study, using @entity2 E7 as a model antigen, we constructed a chemotactic-antigen plasmid DNA vaccine (pSLC-E7-Fc) by linking @entity3 and Fc gene sequences to each end of E7 and evaluated its potency of eliciting specific immune response. We found that immunization with pSLC-E7-Fc generated much stronger E7-specific lymphocyte proliferative and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses than control DNA. All the @entity1 receiving pSLC-E7-Fc prophylactic vaccination remained @entity0 free upon subcutaneous inoculation of @entity1 cells, while those given control DNA all developed @entity0 . These @entity0 -free @entity1 were also protected against TC-1 rechallenge. Complete @entity0 regression with long-term survival occurred in 72% of @entity1 given pSLC-E7-Fc as therapeutic vaccination. In experimental lung metastasis model wherein @entity1 cells were intravenously injected, therapeutic vaccination with pSLC-E7-Fc significantly reduced the number of @entity0 nodules in the lung. In vivo depletion with antibodies against CD4+or CD8+ T cells both resulted in complete abrogation of the pSLC-E7-Fc-induced immunotherapeutic effect. Our data indicate that the DNA vaccine constructed by the fusion of @entity3 and IgG Fc fragment genes to antigen-coding gene is an effective approach to induce potent anti- @entity0 immune response via both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dependent pathways.

title: Enhancement of DNA vaccine potency by sandwiching antigen-coding gene between @entity3 ( XXXX ) and IgG Fc fragment genes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the associations between different levels of long-term physical activity in leisure time and subsequent causes of @entity6 . DESIGN: The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective cardiovascular population study of 19 329 @entity0 and @entity0 aged 20-93 in 1976. Physical activity in leisure time was estimated at the examinations in 1976-78 and 1981-83. This analysis consists of 2136 healthy @entity0 and 2758 @entity0 aged 20-79 years, with unchanged physical activity at the two examinations, and with all covariates included in the multivariate analyses: smoking, total- @entity4 , high-density lipoprotein- @entity4 , systolic blood pressure, @entity2 , @entity5 consumption, body mass index, education, income, and forced expiratory volume in 10.78 (% predicted). RESULTS: Adjusted relative risks (95% confidence interval) for @entity7 were, for moderate physical activity 0.71 (0.51, 0.99) and for high 0.56 (0.38, 0.82). For @entity1 , moderate activity 0.77 (0.61, 0.97) and high activity 0.73 (0.56, 0.95) and for all-cause mortality, moderate 0.78 (0.68, 0.89) and high 0.75 (0.64, 0.87) for both sexes combined. Using Kaplan-Meier plots we calculated gained years of expected lifetime from age 50. @entity0 with high physical activity survived 6.8 years longer, and @entity0 with moderate physical activity 4.9 years longer than sedentary @entity0 . For @entity0 the figures were 6.4 and 5.5 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Long-term moderate or high physical activity was in both sexes associated with significantly lower mortality from @entity7 , @entity1 and all-causes. The same tendency was found for @entity3 and @entity8 , but the associations did not reach statistical significance.

title: Long-term physical activity in leisure time and mortality from @entity7 , XXXX , @entity8 , and @entity1 . The Copenhagen City Heart Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the associations between different levels of long-term physical activity in leisure time and subsequent causes of @entity6 . DESIGN: The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective cardiovascular population study of 19 329 @entity0 and @entity0 aged 20-93 in 1976. Physical activity in leisure time was estimated at the examinations in 1976-78 and 1981-83. This analysis consists of 2136 healthy @entity0 and 2758 @entity0 aged 20-79 years, with unchanged physical activity at the two examinations, and with all covariates included in the multivariate analyses: smoking, total- @entity4 , high-density lipoprotein- @entity4 , systolic blood pressure, @entity2 , @entity5 consumption, body mass index, education, income, and forced expiratory volume in 10.78 (% predicted). RESULTS: Adjusted relative risks (95% confidence interval) for @entity7 were, for moderate physical activity 0.71 (0.51, 0.99) and for high 0.56 (0.38, 0.82). For @entity1 , moderate activity 0.77 (0.61, 0.97) and high activity 0.73 (0.56, 0.95) and for all-cause mortality, moderate 0.78 (0.68, 0.89) and high 0.75 (0.64, 0.87) for both sexes combined. Using Kaplan-Meier plots we calculated gained years of expected lifetime from age 50. @entity0 with high physical activity survived 6.8 years longer, and @entity0 with moderate physical activity 4.9 years longer than sedentary @entity0 . For @entity0 the figures were 6.4 and 5.5 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Long-term moderate or high physical activity was in both sexes associated with significantly lower mortality from @entity7 , @entity1 and all-causes. The same tendency was found for @entity3 and @entity8 , but the associations did not reach statistical significance.

title: Long-term physical activity in leisure time and mortality from @entity7 , @entity3 , XXXX , and @entity1 . The Copenhagen City Heart Study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the associations between different levels of long-term physical activity in leisure time and subsequent causes of @entity6 . DESIGN: The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective cardiovascular population study of 19 329 @entity0 and @entity0 aged 20-93 in 1976. Physical activity in leisure time was estimated at the examinations in 1976-78 and 1981-83. This analysis consists of 2136 healthy @entity0 and 2758 @entity0 aged 20-79 years, with unchanged physical activity at the two examinations, and with all covariates included in the multivariate analyses: smoking, total- @entity4 , high-density lipoprotein- @entity4 , systolic blood pressure, @entity2 , @entity5 consumption, body mass index, education, income, and forced expiratory volume in 10.78 (% predicted). RESULTS: Adjusted relative risks (95% confidence interval) for @entity7 were, for moderate physical activity 0.71 (0.51, 0.99) and for high 0.56 (0.38, 0.82). For @entity1 , moderate activity 0.77 (0.61, 0.97) and high activity 0.73 (0.56, 0.95) and for all-cause mortality, moderate 0.78 (0.68, 0.89) and high 0.75 (0.64, 0.87) for both sexes combined. Using Kaplan-Meier plots we calculated gained years of expected lifetime from age 50. @entity0 with high physical activity survived 6.8 years longer, and @entity0 with moderate physical activity 4.9 years longer than sedentary @entity0 . For @entity0 the figures were 6.4 and 5.5 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Long-term moderate or high physical activity was in both sexes associated with significantly lower mortality from @entity7 , @entity1 and all-causes. The same tendency was found for @entity3 and @entity8 , but the associations did not reach statistical significance.

title: Long-term physical activity in leisure time and mortality from XXXX , @entity3 , @entity8 , and @entity1 . The Copenhagen City Heart Study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the associations between different levels of long-term physical activity in leisure time and subsequent causes of @entity6 . DESIGN: The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective cardiovascular population study of 19 329 @entity0 and @entity0 aged 20-93 in 1976. Physical activity in leisure time was estimated at the examinations in 1976-78 and 1981-83. This analysis consists of 2136 healthy @entity0 and 2758 @entity0 aged 20-79 years, with unchanged physical activity at the two examinations, and with all covariates included in the multivariate analyses: smoking, total- @entity4 , high-density lipoprotein- @entity4 , systolic blood pressure, @entity2 , @entity5 consumption, body mass index, education, income, and forced expiratory volume in 10.78 (% predicted). RESULTS: Adjusted relative risks (95% confidence interval) for @entity7 were, for moderate physical activity 0.71 (0.51, 0.99) and for high 0.56 (0.38, 0.82). For @entity1 , moderate activity 0.77 (0.61, 0.97) and high activity 0.73 (0.56, 0.95) and for all-cause mortality, moderate 0.78 (0.68, 0.89) and high 0.75 (0.64, 0.87) for both sexes combined. Using Kaplan-Meier plots we calculated gained years of expected lifetime from age 50. @entity0 with high physical activity survived 6.8 years longer, and @entity0 with moderate physical activity 4.9 years longer than sedentary @entity0 . For @entity0 the figures were 6.4 and 5.5 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Long-term moderate or high physical activity was in both sexes associated with significantly lower mortality from @entity7 , @entity1 and all-causes. The same tendency was found for @entity3 and @entity8 , but the associations did not reach statistical significance.

title: Long-term physical activity in leisure time and mortality from @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity8 , and XXXX . The Copenhagen City Heart Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Surgery for excision of intramedullary @entity7 without increasing @entity3 is one of the more difficult operations in spinal surgery. In particular, infiltrating @entity6 without a clear cleavage between the @entity1 and normal spinal cord parenchyma are difficult to remove totally without producing additional @entity2 . In this study, we describe a two-stage resection facilitating total resection of intramedullary @entity1 . CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Three cases of @entity4 were treated using a two-staged method. TECHNIQUE: The first surgery included myelotomy, biopsy and duroplasty. A thin expanded @entity5 sheet was placed between the dorsal surface of the spinal cord and dura mater to prevent adhesions. Two or 3 weeks after surgery, a second surgery was performed to remove the now exophytic @entity1 . RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging scans showed exophytic extrusion of the @entity1 in all three cases before the second operation. In each @entity0 , we were able to carry out gross total @entity1 without additional @entity3 except for transient joint position sense loss in one case. All three @entity0 remain neurologically stable without evidence of @entity1 recurrence more than 3 years after surgery. CONCLUSION: A two-stage operation may enhance the surgeon's ability to completely resect extensive low-grade @entity4 and, at the same time preserve neurological function.

title: two-stage operation for resection of XXXX : technical case report of three cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Proximal posterior @entity3 represent a subset of posterior circulation @entity1 that can be routinely treated with either clipping or coiling. The literature contains limited numbers of @entity0 with proximal @entity3 treated with endovascular surgery. We report our experience with endovascular surgery of proximal @entity3 with emphasis on @entity0 with poor Hunt-Hess grades. METHODS: We reviewed 31 consecutive @entity0 with proximal @entity3 who were treated with endovascular surgery. The following data were analyzed: age, sex, size of @entity1 , Hunt-Hess grade at presentation, Fisher grade at presentation, angiographic result after embolization, complications, number of days hospitalized, duration of follow-up, angiographic follow-up results, and Glasgow Outcome Score at follow-up. RESULTS: Excellent angiographic occlusion was achieved in 30 of 31 (97%) @entity0 . Clinical follow-up with Glasgow Outcome Score was performed on every @entity0 an average of 10 months later. Twenty-one of 31 (68%) @entity0 had good outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Score I or II) at follow-up. Of the @entity0 who presented with a favorable clinical grade (Hunt-Hess 0-III), 13 of 15 (87%) had good outcomes at follow-up. Of the @entity0 who presented with a poor clinical grade (Hunt-Hess Grade IV or higher), 8 of 16 (50%) had good outcomes at follow-up. CONCLUSION: This series demonstrates the safety and efficacy of endovascular surgery for proximal @entity3 . Many @entity0 with poor Hunt-Hess grades from ruptured @entity3 ultimately had a good outcome. This could be secondary to early, aggressive treatment of @entity2 and the minimally invasive nature of the endovascular approach.

title: Endovascular surgery for proximal posterior XXXX : an analysis of Glasgow Outcome Score by Hunt-Hess grades.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of @entity2 as an adjunct to management of upper ureteric stones (UUS) with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, open label study, @entity0 with single UUS (for SWL) were randomly assigned into 2 groups based on whether they received 0.4 mg @entity2 (group A and B, respectively) during treatment. Repeat SWL was performed at week 1, 3, and 5 after first session. Primary outcome variables were success rate and @entity1 intensity. RESULTS: A total of 40 @entity0 (20 each group) completed the requisite follow-up. Success rate was higher in group A after 1 SWL-session (55% vs 25%, respectively; P = .05). There was an insignificant trend of decreased number of days (30.7 +/- 19.7 vs 39.0 +/- 19.9; P = .19), number of SWL sessions (1.6 vs 2.0; P = .10), and @entity1 experienced (score on visual analog scale, 25.3 +/- 17.9 vs 38.3 +/- 28.0, respectively; P = .41) in group A. Three in group A and 6 in B developed steinstrasse (P = .69). Overall, 1 in group A required auxiliary procedures as compared with 3 in control group (P = .60). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 improves clearance rate of UUS after single SWL. However, it does not provide significant advantage in terms of decreasing @entity1 associated with this treatment.

title: Is there an adjunctive role of XXXX to extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for upper ureteric stones: results of an open label randomized nonplacebo controlled study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elders living with @entity2 perceive chronic daily stress associated with a loss of function. Daily stress has a significant effect on the prediction of @entity1 and decreased life satisfaction in older @entity0 . However, little is known about the nature of the daily stress and coping process from their personal viewpoint. PURPOSE: This study explores stressors in daily life, coping strategies, and social support resources from the perspective of older adults with @entity2 . METHODS: Thirteen older adults with @entity2 participated in semistructured, individual interviews. Content analysis of the interview transcriptions was used. FINDINGS: Results revealed six sources of stress in the daily life of the @entity0 : health, routine tasks, family issues, financial management, social relationships, and living conditions. Three major strategies of coping with daily stress emerged: cognitive efforts, diversional activities, and assertive actions. @entity0 reported a wide range of support resources to deal with daily stress. CONCLUSION: Recommendations for health professionals in assisting clients to minimize the impact of daily stress on mental health by assessing the sources of stress, improving cognitive-behavioral coping techniques, and locating resources are given.

title: An insider perspective of daily stress and coping in elders with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Echocardiographic and radionuclide techniques are the most common techniques currently used to assess ventricular function. The aim of our study was to assess the performance of two well-known methods for analysis of gated myocardial perfusion with comparison to echocardiography in @entity0 . We analyzed the data from 64 @entity0 referred for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. All underwent echocardiography and stress gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, except 5 who had only rest scintigraphy. We calculated the left ventricular volumes and ejection fractions. The parametric information from the echocardiographic reports was compared to the data obtained using gated myocardial perfusion. The reliability between the quantitative gated scintigraphy, the @entity1 , and echocardiography for end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and ejection fractions in studies performed at rest were calculated at 0.85, 0.86 and 0.97, respectively using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The values in stress studies were 0.83, 0.86 and 0.90, respectively. There was a high correlation, with r more than 0.88, between quantitative gated scintigraphy and the @entity1 for ejection fractions, and end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, in studies performed both under stress and at rest. Weak correlation was observed between quantitative gated scintigraphy and the @entity1 compared to echocardiography, especially when considering ventricular volumes in stress studies. Although high correlation was observed between quantitative gated scintigraphy and the @entity1 , comparison with echocardiography showed poor agreement for both, meaning that scintigraphy is less suitable for assessing left ventricular volumes, and less reliable in assessment of ejection fractions. Echocardiography seems to remain the most widely used and reliable technique for this part of the diagnostic work up.

title: Assessment of cardiac parameters using gated myocardial perfusion and echocardiography in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Some countries have introduced mandatory @entity2 fortification, whereas others support periconceptional supplementation of @entity0 in childbearing age. Several European countries are considering whether to adopt a fortification policy. Projections of the possible beneficial effects of increased @entity2 intake assume that the measure will result in a considerable @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in the target population. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the beneficial effects of different levels of @entity2 administration on the prevalence of @entity1 . Countries with mandatory fortification achieved a significant increase in @entity2 intake and a significant decline in the prevalence of @entity1 . This was also true for supplementation trials. However, the prevalence of @entity1 at birth declined to approximately five cases at birth per 10 000 births and seven to eight cases at birth or abortion per 10 000 births. This decline was independent of the amount of @entity2 administered and apparently reveals a 'floor effect' for @entity2 -preventable @entity1 . This clearly shows that not all cases of @entity1 are preventable by increasing the @entity2 intake. The relative decline depends on the initial @entity1 rate. Countries with @entity1 prevalence close to the observed floor may have much smaller reductions in @entity1 rates with @entity2 fortification. Additionally, potential adverse effects of fortification on other vulnerable population groups have to be seriously considered. Policy decisions concerning national mandatory fortification programmes must take into account realistically projected benefits as well as the evidence of risks to all vulnerable groups.

title: Not all cases of neural-tube defect can be prevented by increasing the intake of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Standard methods for @entity2 prediction involve passive monitoring of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in order to track the 'state' of the brain. This paper introduces a new method for measuring cortical excitability using an electrical probing stimulus. Electrical probing enables feature extraction in a more robust and controlled manner compared to passively tracking features of iEEG signals. The probing stimuli consist of 100 bi-phasic pulses, delivered every 10 min. Features representing neural excitability are estimated from the iEEG responses to the stimuli. These features include the amplitude of the electrically evoked potential, the mean phase variance (univariate), and the phase-locking value (bivariate). In one @entity0 , it is shown how the features vary over time in relation to the sleep-wake cycle and an @entity1 . For a second @entity0 , it is demonstrated how the features vary with the rate of interictal discharges. In addition, the spatial pattern of increases and decreases in phase synchrony is explored when comparing periods of low and high interictal discharge rates, or sleep and awake states. The results demonstrate a proof-of-principle for the method to be applied in a @entity2 anticipation framework. This article is part of a Supplemental Special Issue entitled The Future of Automated @entity2 Detection and Prediction.

title: Electrical probing of cortical excitability in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Standard methods for @entity2 prediction involve passive monitoring of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in order to track the 'state' of the brain. This paper introduces a new method for measuring cortical excitability using an electrical probing stimulus. Electrical probing enables feature extraction in a more robust and controlled manner compared to passively tracking features of iEEG signals. The probing stimuli consist of 100 bi-phasic pulses, delivered every 10 min. Features representing neural excitability are estimated from the iEEG responses to the stimuli. These features include the amplitude of the electrically evoked potential, the mean phase variance (univariate), and the phase-locking value (bivariate). In one @entity0 , it is shown how the features vary over time in relation to the sleep-wake cycle and an @entity1 . For a second @entity0 , it is demonstrated how the features vary with the rate of interictal discharges. In addition, the spatial pattern of increases and decreases in phase synchrony is explored when comparing periods of low and high interictal discharge rates, or sleep and awake states. The results demonstrate a proof-of-principle for the method to be applied in a @entity2 anticipation framework. This article is part of a Supplemental Special Issue entitled The Future of Automated @entity2 Detection and Prediction.

title: Electrical probing of cortical excitability in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Traumatic common carotid artery-to-internal jugular vein @entity1 is a rare entity that is not usually detected during the acute injury phase. We present 2 cases of traumatic @entity1 . Both involved the right side of the neck, and both were due to injury from a firearm. The @entity0 exhibited signs of high cardiac output. In @entity0 1, the diagnosis was made by clinical examination and radiography. After diagnosis, the @entity0 's parents requested his discharge from the hospital because of an inability to pay for treatment. The @entity0 did not return. @entity0 2 had a @entity2 in addition to a @entity1 . Diagnosis of the @entity1 was confirmed by color-flow echo Doppler scanning. Treatment consisted of division of the @entity1 and direct suture repair. The surgery required cross-clamping of the common carotid artery for 25 minutes; nonetheless, the @entity0 recovered without @entity3 . @entity1 should always be treated early to avoid the complications associated with the injury.

title: Traumatic common XXXX : report of 2 cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Although the clinical manifestations of @entity4 2 @entity8 and @entity2 are similar to those in @entity4 1, the clinical course and the renal structural changes are more heterogeneous in @entity4 2 @entity1 @entity0 . Previous studies have shown that an increased urine IgM excretion in @entity0 with @entity4 1 @entity8 was associated with poor outcome. In the present follow-up study we examine the prognostic value of baseline urine IgM excretion in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: A cohort of 106 (74 male and 32 female) @entity0 with @entity4 2 @entity1 regularly attending our @entity1 out- @entity0 clinic at Skane University Hospital in Lund. They were recruited prospectively under the period between 1992 and 2004. @entity0 were followed-up until January 2009. The end point was @entity3 or @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The median follow-up time was 5 years (0.5-13 years). @entity0 were divided according to degree of @entity7 and IgM-uria. RESULTS: During follow-up time, 28 (19 male and 9 female) @entity0 died of CV events and 41 (26 male and 15 female) developed @entity6 . The risk of CV mortality was 2.4 fold, and the risk of @entity5 4.9 fold higher in @entity0 with increased urine IgM excretion compared to @entity0 with low urine IgM excretion. Stratified analysis showed that an increased urine IgM excretion was an independent predictor of @entity3 irrespective of the degree of @entity7 (HR=3.6, 95% CI: 2.1-6.0, P<0.001). In conclusion, @entity4 2 @entity8 @entity0 with high urine IgM excretion rates carry an increased risk of @entity3 .

title: Urine IgM-excretion as a prognostic marker for progression of XXXX 2 @entity8 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Although the clinical manifestations of @entity4 2 @entity8 and @entity2 are similar to those in @entity4 1, the clinical course and the renal structural changes are more heterogeneous in @entity4 2 @entity1 @entity0 . Previous studies have shown that an increased urine IgM excretion in @entity0 with @entity4 1 @entity8 was associated with poor outcome. In the present follow-up study we examine the prognostic value of baseline urine IgM excretion in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: A cohort of 106 (74 male and 32 female) @entity0 with @entity4 2 @entity1 regularly attending our @entity1 out- @entity0 clinic at Skane University Hospital in Lund. They were recruited prospectively under the period between 1992 and 2004. @entity0 were followed-up until January 2009. The end point was @entity3 or @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The median follow-up time was 5 years (0.5-13 years). @entity0 were divided according to degree of @entity7 and IgM-uria. RESULTS: During follow-up time, 28 (19 male and 9 female) @entity0 died of CV events and 41 (26 male and 15 female) developed @entity6 . The risk of CV mortality was 2.4 fold, and the risk of @entity5 4.9 fold higher in @entity0 with increased urine IgM excretion compared to @entity0 with low urine IgM excretion. Stratified analysis showed that an increased urine IgM excretion was an independent predictor of @entity3 irrespective of the degree of @entity7 (HR=3.6, 95% CI: 2.1-6.0, P<0.001). In conclusion, @entity4 2 @entity8 @entity0 with high urine IgM excretion rates carry an increased risk of @entity3 .

title: Urine IgM-excretion as a prognostic marker for progression of @entity4 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analysis the clinical and pathological features, results of laboratory tests and prognosis of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity0 with non-haematological @entity1 . METHODS: The data were collected from 25 @entity0 who presented with @entity6 around the diagnosis of non-haematological @entity1 . RESULTS: Twenty-five cases were investigated (age: (56.6 +/- 17.7) years; male/female ratio: 20/5). @entity6 occurred within one year in 92% @entity0 . There was a wide distribution of @entity1 with involvement of 36% in digestive system and 20% in respiratory system. Ten @entity0 (40%) presented with @entity6 as their initial manifestation. Haematuria appeared in 67% @entity0 and @entity5 was complicated in 12% cases before treatments. Some other non-specific laboratory tests were found including elevated serum gamma-globulin in 50% and @entity4 not related with @entity3 in 28% cases. @entity2 was the most common pathological changes in 67% cases. Although @entity6 still continued for several weeks in 8 of 9 cases after surgery and/or chemical therapy, glucocorticoids was helpful to achieve the remission in these @entity0 . However, no remission was achieved in @entity0 without the treatment for @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Malignancy may present with @entity6 as its initial manifestation. It should be inspected routinely and regularly in elder @entity0 with @entity6 , especially in those with @entity2 , as well as @entity7 and @entity4 .

title: [A clinicopathological analysis of non-haematological XXXX in @entity6 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analysis the clinical and pathological features, results of laboratory tests and prognosis of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity0 with non-haematological @entity1 . METHODS: The data were collected from 25 @entity0 who presented with @entity6 around the diagnosis of non-haematological @entity1 . RESULTS: Twenty-five cases were investigated (age: (56.6 +/- 17.7) years; male/female ratio: 20/5). @entity6 occurred within one year in 92% @entity0 . There was a wide distribution of @entity1 with involvement of 36% in digestive system and 20% in respiratory system. Ten @entity0 (40%) presented with @entity6 as their initial manifestation. Haematuria appeared in 67% @entity0 and @entity5 was complicated in 12% cases before treatments. Some other non-specific laboratory tests were found including elevated serum gamma-globulin in 50% and @entity4 not related with @entity3 in 28% cases. @entity2 was the most common pathological changes in 67% cases. Although @entity6 still continued for several weeks in 8 of 9 cases after surgery and/or chemical therapy, glucocorticoids was helpful to achieve the remission in these @entity0 . However, no remission was achieved in @entity0 without the treatment for @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Malignancy may present with @entity6 as its initial manifestation. It should be inspected routinely and regularly in elder @entity0 with @entity6 , especially in those with @entity2 , as well as @entity7 and @entity4 .

title: [A clinicopathological analysis of non-haematological @entity1 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Male C57Bl/6 (C57) and ICR @entity0 were exposed by nose-only inhalation to mainstream cigarette smoke (MS) from 2R4F reference cigarettes, at concentrations of 75, 250, and 600 microg of total particulate matter (TPM) per liter, for up to 6 mo. Respiratory-tract tissue (nose, larynx, and lung), blood, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected and analyzed at several time points. Blood samples were analyzed for biomarkers of exposure (COHb and @entity2 ). BALF was analyzed for biomarkers of cell injury, @entity1 , oxidative stress, enzyme activity, and cytokines. Blood COHb and plasma @entity2 concentrations increased in a dose-dependent manner, confirming smoke exposure. Mild @entity3 was observed following 28 wk of exposure. Macrophage accumulation and inflammatory infiltrates were observed around the alveolar ducts and adjacent vasculature. There was an approximately 13% increase in mean linear intercept (Lm) only in ICR @entity0 exposed to 600 microg/L TPM. There were no significant changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress secondary to smoke exposures; however, @entity4 significantly increased following the 13-wk post-inhalation period. BALF macrophage and neutrophil counts were rapidly and consistently elevated, while lymphocyte counts gradually increased over time. MS-induced inflammatory responses observed in this study are comparable to changes reported in chronic smokers, supporting the role of chronic @entity1 in the pathogenesis of @entity3 . However, mild @entity3 in minimal numbers of @entity0 suggests that MS exposure concentration and/or duration in the current study were not sufficient to induce a definitive @entity3 phenotype.

title: Pulmonary inflammation in XXXX exposed to mainstream cigarette smoke.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity0 who remain in a @entity1 after @entity2 ( @entity2 ), the bilateral absence of cortical N20 responses of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) 24 hours after admission invariably correlates with a poor neurologic outcome. Nowadays, @entity2 @entity0 are treated with mild @entity3 , with simultaneously administered sedative drugs, hampering clinical neurologic assessment. We investigated whether SSEP performed during @entity3 can reliably predict a poor neurologic outcome. METHODS: Between July 2006 and April 2008, this multicenter prospective cohort study included @entity1 @entity0 admitted after @entity2 and treated with induced mild @entity3 (32-34 degrees C). SSEP was performed during @entity3 , and in @entity0 who remained @entity1 after rewarming, a second SSEP was performed. Neurologic outcome was assessed 30 days after admission with the Glasgow Outcome Scale. RESULTS: Seventy-seven consecutive @entity0 were included in 2 hospitals. In 13 @entity0 (17%), the cortical N20 response during @entity3 was bilaterally absent. In 9 of these 13 @entity0 in whom SSEP could be repeated during normothermia, the N20 response was also absent, yielding a positive predictive value of 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-1.00). All 13 @entity0 with absent SSEP during @entity3 had a poor neurologic outcome, yielding a positive predictive value of 1.00 (95% CI 0.77-1.00). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study show that bilaterally absent cortical N20 responses of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials performed during mild @entity3 after resuscitation can predict a poor neurologic outcome. We started a larger multicenter prospective cohort study to confirm these results.

title: Somatosensory evoked potentials during mild XXXX after @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity0 who remain in a @entity1 after @entity2 ( @entity2 ), the bilateral absence of cortical N20 responses of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) 24 hours after admission invariably correlates with a poor neurologic outcome. Nowadays, @entity2 @entity0 are treated with mild @entity3 , with simultaneously administered sedative drugs, hampering clinical neurologic assessment. We investigated whether SSEP performed during @entity3 can reliably predict a poor neurologic outcome. METHODS: Between July 2006 and April 2008, this multicenter prospective cohort study included @entity1 @entity0 admitted after @entity2 and treated with induced mild @entity3 (32-34 degrees C). SSEP was performed during @entity3 , and in @entity0 who remained @entity1 after rewarming, a second SSEP was performed. Neurologic outcome was assessed 30 days after admission with the Glasgow Outcome Scale. RESULTS: Seventy-seven consecutive @entity0 were included in 2 hospitals. In 13 @entity0 (17%), the cortical N20 response during @entity3 was bilaterally absent. In 9 of these 13 @entity0 in whom SSEP could be repeated during normothermia, the N20 response was also absent, yielding a positive predictive value of 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-1.00). All 13 @entity0 with absent SSEP during @entity3 had a poor neurologic outcome, yielding a positive predictive value of 1.00 (95% CI 0.77-1.00). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study show that bilaterally absent cortical N20 responses of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials performed during mild @entity3 after resuscitation can predict a poor neurologic outcome. We started a larger multicenter prospective cohort study to confirm these results.

title: Somatosensory evoked potentials during mild @entity3 after XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity3 and @entity1 was found to be significantly higher in @entity2 compared with post-auricular skin. The results show that the control group used has implications for further studies. OBJECTIVES: To compare the presence of @entity3 and @entity1 in @entity2 , deep meatal and post-auricular skin. Our null hypothesis was that there was no difference in expressions of @entity3 and @entity1 in the three groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out in a secondary care specialist centre and used prospective retrieval of specimens for immunohistological localization of @entity3 and @entity1 . Eleven @entity0 undergoing @entity2 surgery were recruited for the study. Eleven @entity2 specimens, 10 deep meatal skin specimens and 10 post-auricular skin specimens were analysed. Specimens were analysed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to @entity3 and @entity1 . Two observers scored the slides independently in a blind fashion. RESULTS: The presence of @entity3 and @entity1 was found to be significantly higher in @entity2 compared to post-auricular skin (p=0.02, p=0.03, respectively). There were no significant differences in expression of @entity3 and @entity1 between @entity2 and deep meatal skin (p=0.08, p=0.09, respectively). There were no significant differences in the control groups.

title: The localization of matrix metalloproteinases-8 and -13 in XXXX , deep-meatal and post-auricular skin: a comparative analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Urodynamic studies are conducted on a regular basis to evaluate changes in bladder function after @entity0 . Often, differences in urodynamic parameters exist from one study or one year to the next. The objective of this study was to provide reference ranges for "normal" variability in urodynamic parameters that can be considered as "no real change" from one study to the next. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: Fifty consecutive individuals with @entity0 had 2 trials (trial 1 and trial 2) of urodynamic studies done 5 minutes apart, and the following data were collected: maximum cystometric capacity, opening pressure, maximum detrusor pressure, volume voided, and postvoid residual. The corresponding data were compared, and the frequency distribution for the change between consecutive studies was plotted. Because there is no standard, variability ranges for 5th to 95th, 10th to 90th, and 25th to 75th percentiles were calculated to give health care providers more choices. RESULTS: Ranges of variability are as follows in the following format (urodynamic parameter; mean value; +, maximum increase; -, maximum decrease)--5th to 95th percentile: cystometric capacity (234.63 mL, +213.50 mL, -158.05 mL); opening pressure (54.56 cm @entity1 , +30 cm @entity1 , -18.00 cm @entity1 ); maximum detrusor pressure (60.82 cm @entity1 , +17.35 cm @entity1 , -27.80 cm @entity1 ); volume voided (122.20 mL, +177.25 mL, -176.00 mL); postvoid residual (176.06 mL, +197.25 mL, -118.00 mL); 10th to 90th percentile: cystometric capacity (234.63 mL, +126.40 mL, -74.60 mL); opening pressure (54.56 cm @entity1 , +13.70 cm @entity1 , -12.00 cm @entity1 ); maximum detrusor pressure (60.82 cm @entity1 , +10.00 cm @entity1 , -20.00 cm @entity1 ); volume voided (122.20 mL, +105.60 mL, -82.00 mL); postvoid residual (176.06 mL, +131.00 mL, -86.00 mL); 25th to 75th percentile: cystometric capacity (234.63 mL, +72.00 mL, -27.00 mL); opening pressure (54.56 cm @entity1 , +4.00 cm @entity1 , -9.50 cm @entity1 ; maximum detrusor pressure (60.82 cm @entity1 , +4.00 cm @entity1 , -10.00 cm @entity1 ); volume voided (122.20 mL, +50.00 mL, -30.00 mL); postvoid residual (176.06 mL, +50.00 mL, -30.00 mL). CONCLUSIONS: Urodynamic studies have variability. Knowing these ranges of variability can be helpful in determining whether differences between filling trial 1 and filling trial 2 in a single study or year-to-year changes in urodynamic studies are significant or simply the normal variability of the urodynamic study.

title: Normal ranges of variability for urodynamic studies of neurogenic bladders in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous peptide of the @entity4 -angiotensin system with vasodilator and antiproliferative properties. Our previous studies showed that Ang-(1-7) reduced serum-stimulated growth of @entity0 @entity1 cells in vitro through activation of a unique @entity5 ((1-7)) receptor. The current study investigates the effect of Ang-(1-7) on @entity1 growth in vivo, using a @entity0 @entity1 xenograft model. Athymic @entity3 with @entity2 resulting from injection of A549 @entity0 @entity1 cells were treated for 28 days with either i.v. saline or Ang-(1-7), delivered by implanted osmotic mini-pumps. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) reduced @entity2 volume by 30% compared with the size before treatment; in contrast, @entity2 size in the saline-treated animals increased 2.5-fold. These results correlate with a reduction in the proliferation marker Ki67 in the Ang-(1-7)-infused @entity2 when compared with the saline-infused @entity2 tissues. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) significantly reduced @entity6 ( @entity6 ) mRNA and protein in @entity2 of Ang-(1-7)-infused @entity3 when compared with @entity3 treated with saline as well as in the parent A549 @entity0 @entity1 cells in tissue culture. These results suggest that Ang-(1-7) may decrease @entity6 activity and proinflammatory @entity7 to inhibit @entity1 growth. In contrast, the heptapeptide had no effect on @entity8 mRNA in xenograft @entity2 or A549 cells. Because Ang-(1-7), a peptide with antithrombotic properties, reduces growth through activation of a selective @entity5 ((1-7)) receptor, our results suggest that the heptapeptide represents a novel treatment for @entity1 by reducing @entity6 .

title: Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits growth of XXXX lung adenocarcinoma xenografts in @entity3 through a reduction in @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous peptide of the @entity4 -angiotensin system with vasodilator and antiproliferative properties. Our previous studies showed that Ang-(1-7) reduced serum-stimulated growth of @entity0 @entity1 cells in vitro through activation of a unique @entity5 ((1-7)) receptor. The current study investigates the effect of Ang-(1-7) on @entity1 growth in vivo, using a @entity0 @entity1 xenograft model. Athymic @entity3 with @entity2 resulting from injection of A549 @entity0 @entity1 cells were treated for 28 days with either i.v. saline or Ang-(1-7), delivered by implanted osmotic mini-pumps. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) reduced @entity2 volume by 30% compared with the size before treatment; in contrast, @entity2 size in the saline-treated animals increased 2.5-fold. These results correlate with a reduction in the proliferation marker Ki67 in the Ang-(1-7)-infused @entity2 when compared with the saline-infused @entity2 tissues. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) significantly reduced @entity6 ( @entity6 ) mRNA and protein in @entity2 of Ang-(1-7)-infused @entity3 when compared with @entity3 treated with saline as well as in the parent A549 @entity0 @entity1 cells in tissue culture. These results suggest that Ang-(1-7) may decrease @entity6 activity and proinflammatory @entity7 to inhibit @entity1 growth. In contrast, the heptapeptide had no effect on @entity8 mRNA in xenograft @entity2 or A549 cells. Because Ang-(1-7), a peptide with antithrombotic properties, reduces growth through activation of a selective @entity5 ((1-7)) receptor, our results suggest that the heptapeptide represents a novel treatment for @entity1 by reducing @entity6 .

title: Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits growth of @entity0 lung adenocarcinoma xenografts in @entity3 through a reduction in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous peptide of the @entity4 -angiotensin system with vasodilator and antiproliferative properties. Our previous studies showed that Ang-(1-7) reduced serum-stimulated growth of @entity0 @entity1 cells in vitro through activation of a unique @entity5 ((1-7)) receptor. The current study investigates the effect of Ang-(1-7) on @entity1 growth in vivo, using a @entity0 @entity1 xenograft model. Athymic @entity3 with @entity2 resulting from injection of A549 @entity0 @entity1 cells were treated for 28 days with either i.v. saline or Ang-(1-7), delivered by implanted osmotic mini-pumps. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) reduced @entity2 volume by 30% compared with the size before treatment; in contrast, @entity2 size in the saline-treated animals increased 2.5-fold. These results correlate with a reduction in the proliferation marker Ki67 in the Ang-(1-7)-infused @entity2 when compared with the saline-infused @entity2 tissues. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) significantly reduced @entity6 ( @entity6 ) mRNA and protein in @entity2 of Ang-(1-7)-infused @entity3 when compared with @entity3 treated with saline as well as in the parent A549 @entity0 @entity1 cells in tissue culture. These results suggest that Ang-(1-7) may decrease @entity6 activity and proinflammatory @entity7 to inhibit @entity1 growth. In contrast, the heptapeptide had no effect on @entity8 mRNA in xenograft @entity2 or A549 cells. Because Ang-(1-7), a peptide with antithrombotic properties, reduces growth through activation of a selective @entity5 ((1-7)) receptor, our results suggest that the heptapeptide represents a novel treatment for @entity1 by reducing @entity6 .

title: Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits growth of @entity0 lung adenocarcinoma xenografts in XXXX through a reduction in @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECT: The goal of this study was to assess the impact of neuronavigation on the cytoreductive treatment of solitary contrast-enhancing @entity1 and outcomes of this treatment in cases in which neuronavigation was preoperatively judged to be redundant. METHODS: The authors conducted a prospective randomized study in which 45 @entity0 , each harboring a solitary contrast-enhancing @entity1 , were randomized for surgery with or without neuronavigation. Peri- and postoperative parameters under investigation included the following: duration of the procedure; surgeon's estimate of the usefulness of neuronavigation; quantification of the extent of resection, determined using magnetic resonance imaging; and the postoperative course, as evaluated by neurological examinations, the @entity0 's quality-of-life self-assessment, application of the Barthel index and the Karnofsky Performance Scale score, and the @entity0 's time of @entity3 . The mean amount of @entity2 tissue was 28.9% for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and 13.8% for surgery involving neuronavigation (SN). The corresponding mean amounts of residual contrast-enhancing @entity1 tissue were 29.2 and 24.4%, respectively. These differences were not significant. Gross-total removal (GTR) was achieved in five @entity0 who underwent @entity4 and in three who underwent SN. Median survival was significantly shorter in the SN group (5.6 months compared with 9 months, unadjusted hazard ratio = 1.6); however, this difference may be attributable to the coincidental early @entity3 of three @entity0 in the SN group. No discernible important effect on the @entity0 ' 3-month postoperative course was identified. CONCLUSIONS: There is no rationale for the routine use of neuronavigation to improve the extent of @entity1 resection and prognosis in @entity0 harboring a solitary enhancing intracerebral lesion when neuronavigation is not already deemed advantageous because of the size or location of the lesion.

title: Effectiveness of neuronavigation in resecting solitary intracerebral contrast-enhancing XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1