abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) affects 6% of the general population and is the fourth-leading cause of @entity2 in the United States with severe and very severe disease accounting for 15% and 3% of physician diagnoses of @entity4 . Guidelines make few recommendations regarding providing the provision of care for the most severe stages of disease, namely Global Initiative for @entity4 (GOLD) stages III and IV with @entity6 . The effectiveness of inhaled drug therapy in very severe @entity0 has not been assessed yet. Health care systems in many countries include public funding of long-term @entity1 therapy for eligible candidates. Currently, there is little evidence for the use of mechanical ventilatory support in the routine management of hypercapnic @entity0 . Pulmonary rehabilitation should be considered as a significant component of therapy, even in the most severe @entity0 . Although Lung Volume Reduction Surgery has been shown to improve mortality, exercise capacity, and quality of life in selected @entity0 , this modality is associated with significant morbidity and an early mortality rate in the most severe @entity0 . Despite significant progress over the past 25 years, both short- and long-term outcomes remain significantly inferior for lung transplantation relative to other "solid" organ recipients. Nutritional assessment and management is an important therapeutic option in @entity0 with chronic @entity6 . @entity5 may significantly reduce dyspnoea and does not significantly accelerate @entity2 . No consistent improvement in dyspnoea over placebo has been shown with anxiolytics. Supplemental @entity1 during exercise reduces exertional breathlessness and improves exercise tolerance of the hypoxaemic @entity0 . Non-invasive ventilation has been used as a palliative treatment to reduce dyspnoea. @entity4 @entity0 , on long-term @entity1 therapy, may show reduced health-related quality of life, cognitive function, and @entity3 . Only a small proportion of @entity0 with severe @entity4 discuss end-of-life issues with their physicians.

title: The clinical management in extremely severe XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Background. @entity12 infects @entity0 and adults, often causing @entity13 , @entity5 , but also @entity9 in @entity0 with chronic @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity1 or @entity11 . This study aims at the detection of acute @entity12 infections during 2006-2009 in northern Greece on epidemiological and clinical aspect.Material and methods. Specimens were obtained from 63 @entity0 , who addressed to hospitals, suspected for acute @entity12 @entity2 (17 in 2006, 29 in 2007, 10 in 2008 and 7 in 2009). Thirty (47.6%) were @entity0 (one day - 15 years old) and 33 (52.4%) were adults (16-65 years old). The @entity2 was shown by PCR in whole blood and/or pleural fluid and supported by detection of specific IgM antibodies in the patients' blood serum, which was performed by ELISA.Results. Twenty (31.7%) out of the 63 specimens were found to be positive: 3/17 (17.6 %) in 2006, 16/29 (55.2 %) in 2007, none in 2008 and 1/7 (14.3%) in 2009, p=0.0002. Positive @entity0 were found 10/30 (33.3%) and positive adults 10/33 (30.3%). Specific IgM antibodies were detected in all 20 positive @entity0 . @entity0 developed @entity7 , mainly types of @entity4 (6 cases), hydrothorax/ascites (2 cases), @entity5 (1 case), and @entity3 (1 case). Adults were presented with pregnancy complications (2 cases), @entity10 / @entity5 (4 cases), febrile syndromes (3 cases) and @entity8 (1 case).Conclusions. In conclusion, an annual variation in the circulation of @entity12 was noticed, presenting an increase of @entity6 in northern Greece during 2007. Regarding serious cases, although @entity0 and adults seemed equally affected, differences in clinical manifestations were observed between them, with @entity7 predominant in childhood.

title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of XXXX infections during 2006-2009 in Northern Greece.

answer: @entity12


abstract: Oral anticoagulant therapy with @entity5 is commonly used to prevent @entity4 in @entity0 at risk. The degree of anticoagulation is variable among individuals and is influenced by many factors; therefore, @entity0 must be monitored frequently to assess potential adverse effects related to treatment. There is a direct relationship between excessive anticoagulation and the risk of @entity3 . We present a @entity0 who came in with an acute abdomen, @entity2 , and increased international normalized ratio. Gastroscopy revealed a large amount of blood in the stomach. Hemodynamic instability necessitated urgent laparotomy. The small bowel was found to be @entity1 due to increased intraluminal pressure. Upon enterotomy, liters of old @entity6 were evacuated and the intestine resumed its blood supply. To our knowledge, we describe the first reported case of intraluminal @entity6 as a rare cause of obstructive mechanical ileus during @entity5 treatment. This case highlights an unknown, but potentially lethal, manifestation of @entity5 therapy.

title: XXXX -induced gastric bleeding and intestinal obstruction.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a well-known complication in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). There is good evidence that maintaining a normal body-weight correlates well with improved survival in @entity1 . Energy intake in excess of 120% of the estimated average requirement (EAR) has been advised since 1980s. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the nutritional intake and status in the adult Scandinavian @entity1 -population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional multi-centre study was used to investigate the nutritional status of 456 adult @entity1 - @entity0 (2003 2006). Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) and z-scores were calculated. Pulmonary function was examined by dynamic spirometry. A 7-day pre-coded food record (FR) obtained energy and nutrient intake data in 180 @entity0 . RESULTS: The mean energy intake was 114 (SD 30.0)% of EAR and thus significantly lower than the target of 120% EAR (p< 0.001) for @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) (n=136). Mean BMI was 22.0 (SD 2.9), the prevalence of BMI <18 was 13% and the prevalence of BMI >= 25 was 15% (n=136). Mean BMI was 20.8 (SD 2.4) in @entity2 - @entity0 with FEV(1) <70% and 23.2% (SD 3.0), in @entity2 - @entity0 with FEV(1) >= 70%, mean difference 2.4, (95% CI: 1.5, 3.3) (p<0.001), but there was no difference in energy intake. BMI >= 18.5 and a reported energy intake <120% were revealed in 54% of the @entity2 - @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The energy intake did not reach the recommended 120% EAR, but the prevalence of underweight was lower than reported in other studies. The recommendation may exceed the requirement for a number of @entity1 - @entity0 . The nutritional status must still be closely monitored and nutritional advice and intervention should be individualised and adjusted to actual needs.

title: Dietary intake and nutritional status in a Scandinavian adult XXXX -population compared with recommendations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate screening of the thoracolumbar spine (TLS) remains problematic in the care of @entity1 @entity0 . The current standard of care for TLS screening is not clearly defined. In @entity1 @entity0 undergoing computed tomography (CT) of the chest and or abdomen, compelling supportive evidence for reformatting and reusing this CT data to clear the thoracolumbar spine has accumulated over the last 3 years. The objective of this review was to identify and review all published studies comparing reformatted CT to traditional plain radiography for TLS clearance. METHODS: A Medline search for all English language articles published on this subject since 1980 identified seven studies. Each was classified according to the levels of evidence classification of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. The methodology of each study was reviewed for the CT protocol, utilization of radiologist blinding and whether historical dictated reports or de novo image readings were used for comparison. The sensitivity and specificity of each study and the gold standard utilized in its calculation was noted. Where available, detailed information regarding the missed injuries and their clinical relevance was abstracted for each study. RESULTS: All evaluated studies demonstrated superior sensitivity and interobserver variability for reformatted CT compared with plain radiographic screening. CT was also more accurate in localizing, classifying, and delineating the age, bony intrusion, and soft-tissue damage associated with the @entity2 . For studies with time-motion components, a protocol utilizing CT clearance was not only more accurate but faster and more economical. Screening with reformatted visceral CT data required no additional scan time or radiation exposure. CONCLUSION: The evidence to date demonstrates the superior sensitivity of reformatted visceral CT for detecting thoracolumbar spine injury. With no further @entity0 movement, radiation exposure, cost, or time, @entity1 @entity0 undergoing visceral CT can have their thoracolumbar spine promptly evaluated. Further prospective evaluation of the CT protocols to optimize visualization of both the viscera and the bone is warranted.

title: Visceral torso computed tomography for clearance of the thoracolumbar spine in XXXX : a review of the literature.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with persistently symptomatic advanced @entity1 have limited treatment options after appropriate use of standard evidence-based therapies. Current recommendations from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for treatment of stage C/D @entity1 beyond standard therapy include ventricular replacement, investigational agents, and palliative interventions. Given the elevated risk of this @entity0 population, additional treatment options seem warranted. Natriuretic peptides are protean compounds that provoke vasodilation, natriuresis, neurohormonal antagonism, and reverse remodeling, but they have an uncertain risk-benefit profile affecting serum @entity2 and clinical events. In the pilot, open-label FUSION I trial, the adjunctive administration of nesiritide with standard therapy for @entity0 with advanced @entity1 , was demonstrated to have a neutral effect on outcomes with no evidence of increased risk. Within a prespecified subset of high-risk @entity0 , a potential signal of benefit on a combined end point of mortality and cardiovascular hospitalization was identified. STUDY DESIGN: FUSION II is a 900- @entity0 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase IIb trial designed to further assess the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing frequency of outpatient nesiritide for advanced @entity1 . The primary end point is a composite of all-cause mortality and cardiorenal hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: If a confirmatory signal of benefit is identified in FUSION II, a definitive phase III mortality/quality of life trial will be warranted. Additional issues related to the influence of disease management, the logistics of outpatient parenteral therapy administration, and future iterations of natriuretic peptide therapy will need to be investigated.

title: The Second Follow-up Serial Infusions of Nesiritide (FUSION II) trial for advanced XXXX : study rationale and design.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Insulin resistance is a cardinal feature of type 2 @entity1 and is characteristic of a wide range of other clinical and experimental settings. Little is known about why insulin resistance occurs in so many contexts. Do the various insults that trigger insulin resistance act through a common mechanism? Or, as has been suggested, do they use distinct cellular pathways? Here we report a genomic analysis of two cellular models of insulin resistance, one induced by treatment with the cytokine @entity0 - @entity5 factor-alpha and the other with the glucocorticoid @entity7 . Gene expression analysis suggests that reactive @entity3 species (ROS) levels are increased in both models, and we confirmed this through measures of cellular redox state. ROS have previously been proposed to be involved in insulin resistance, although evidence for a causal role has been scant. We tested this hypothesis in cell culture using six treatments designed to alter ROS levels, including two small molecules and four transgenes; all ameliorated insulin resistance to varying degrees. One of these treatments was tested in @entity4 , insulin-resistant @entity2 and was shown to improve insulin sensitivity and @entity6 homeostasis. Together, our findings suggest that increased ROS levels are an important trigger for insulin resistance in numerous settings.

title: Reactive XXXX species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the literature and performed a meta-analysis comparing the safety and efficacy of adjunctive use of reduced-dose thrombolytics and glycoprotein (Gp) IIbIIIa inhibitors to the sole use of Gp IIbIIIa inhibitors before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in @entity0 presenting with acute @entity2 ( @entity2 ). BACKGROUND: Early reperfusion in @entity2 is associated with improved outcomes. The use of reduced-dose thrombolytic and Gp IIbIIIa inhibitors combination before PCI in the setting of @entity2 remains controversial. METHODS: We performed a literature search and identified randomized trials comparing the use of combination therapy-facilitated PCI versus PCI done with Gp IIbIIIa inhibitor alone. Included studies were reviewed to determine Thrombolysis in @entity2 (TIMI)-3 flow at baseline, major @entity1 , 30-day mortality, TIMI-3 flow after PCI, and 30-day reinfarction. We performed a random-effect model meta-analysis. We quantified heterogeneity between studies with I2. A value >50% represents substantial heterogeneity. RESULTS: We identified 4 clinical trials randomizing 725 @entity0 ; 424 @entity0 were pretreated with combination therapy before PCI, and 301 @entity0 had Gp IIbIIIa inhibitor alone during PCI. Combination therapy-facilitated PCI was associated with a 2-fold increase in TIMI-3 flow upon arrival to the catheterization laboratory compared with the sole use of upstream Gp IIbIIIa inhibitors (192/390 @entity0 [49%] versus 60/284 [21%]; relative risk [RR], 2.2; P < .00001). However, post-PCI TIMI-3 flow was similar between the 2 groups (279/319 @entity0 [87%] versus 188/212 [88%]; RR, 0.99; P = .85). Major @entity1 events significantly increased in the combination therapy group (40/420 @entity0 [9.5%] versus 14/299 [4.7%]; RR, 2.2; P = .007). The 30-day mortality (15/424 @entity0 [3.5%] versus 5/301 [1.7%]; RR, 1.47; P = .46) and 30-day reinfarction rate (5/424 @entity0 [1.1%] versus 3/301 [1.0%]; RR, 0.96; P = .96) were similar in the 2 treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Awaiting the results of the ongoing clinical trials, the current cumulative evidence does not support the routine use of combination of reduced-dose thrombolytic and Gp IIbIIIa inhibitor therapy-facilitated PCI for the treatment of @entity2 .

title: The efficacy and safety of combination glycoprotein IIbIIIa inhibitors and reduced-dose thrombolytic therapy-facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine an effective diagnostic method of detecting all cases of @entity1 in @entity0 referred for gastroscopy without performing routine duodenal biopsy. DESIGN: An initial retrospective cohort of @entity0 attending for gastroscopy was analysed to derive a clinical decision tool that could increase the detection of @entity1 without performing routine duodenal biopsy. The tool incorporated serology (measuring antibodies to @entity2 ) and stratifying @entity0 according to their referral symptoms ( @entity0 were classified as having a "high risk" or "low risk" of @entity1 ). The decision tool was then tested on a second cohort of @entity0 attending for gastroscopy. In the second cohort all @entity0 had a routine duodenal biopsy and serology performed. SETTING: Teaching hospital in Sheffield. @entity0 : 2000 consecutive adult @entity0 referred for gastroscopy recruited prospectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Evaluation of a clinical decision tool using @entity0 ' referral symptoms, @entity2 antibody results, and duodenal biopsy results. RESULTS: No cases of @entity1 were missed by the pre-endoscopy testing algorithm. The prevalence of @entity1 in @entity0 attending for endoscopy was 3.9% (77/2000, 95% confidence interval 3.1% to 4.8%). The prevalence in the high risk and low risk groups was 9.6% (71/739, 7.7% to 12.0%) and 0.5% (6/1261, 0.2% to 1.0%). The prevalence of @entity1 in @entity0 who were negative for @entity2 antibody was 0.4% (7/2000). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for a positive antibody result to diagnose @entity1 was 90.9%, 90.9%, 28.6%, and 99.6%, respectively. Evaluation of the clinical decision tool gave a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100%, 60.8%, 9.3%, and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-endoscopy serological testing in combination with biopsy of high risk cases detected all cases of @entity1 . The use of this decision tool may enable the endoscopist to target @entity0 who need a duodenal biopsy.

title: Pre-endoscopy serological testing for XXXX : evaluation of a clinical decision tool.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Enteroaggregative @entity2 coli (EAEC) has been implicated in acute and persistent @entity1 in @entity0 , adults, and in @entity3 / @entity4 @entity0 . Enteroaggregative @entity2 coli strains isolated from different parts of the world show a low to high level resistance to antimicrobial agents. The aim of the present study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro among 64 EAEC strains isolated from @entity0 and adults with @entity1 . 270 @entity2 strains were isolated from @entity0 and adults. A total of 64 were identified as EAEC by multiplex PCR targeting 2 specific genes, AggR and EAST, from July 2006 to July 2007. Susceptibility to various antibiotics was checked using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Disk diffusion testing for 11 commonly used antimicrobial agents showed EAEC resistant to @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity6 . 75% of strains isolated showed multidrug resistance, i.e. resistance to >3 antimicrobial agents. Most of the isolates showing multidrug resistance were from @entity0 below 5 y of age. An increase in resistance of EAEC strains to @entity8 was observed in the study. Our study indicated that EAEC resistance in southern India is much higher than that reported from other parts of country. Our study also showed that monitoring sensitivity to antibiotics commonly used in acute and persistent @entity1 is necessary for optimum selection of effective antibiotics and elimination of antibiotics with little therapeutic value. Further clinical epidemiological and laboratory studies are needed to clarify these issues.

title: Multidrug resistant enteroaggregative @entity2 coli XXXX in rural southern Indian population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Enteroaggregative @entity2 coli (EAEC) has been implicated in acute and persistent @entity1 in @entity0 , adults, and in @entity3 / @entity4 @entity0 . Enteroaggregative @entity2 coli strains isolated from different parts of the world show a low to high level resistance to antimicrobial agents. The aim of the present study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro among 64 EAEC strains isolated from @entity0 and adults with @entity1 . 270 @entity2 strains were isolated from @entity0 and adults. A total of 64 were identified as EAEC by multiplex PCR targeting 2 specific genes, AggR and EAST, from July 2006 to July 2007. Susceptibility to various antibiotics was checked using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Disk diffusion testing for 11 commonly used antimicrobial agents showed EAEC resistant to @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity6 . 75% of strains isolated showed multidrug resistance, i.e. resistance to >3 antimicrobial agents. Most of the isolates showing multidrug resistance were from @entity0 below 5 y of age. An increase in resistance of EAEC strains to @entity8 was observed in the study. Our study indicated that EAEC resistance in southern India is much higher than that reported from other parts of country. Our study also showed that monitoring sensitivity to antibiotics commonly used in acute and persistent @entity1 is necessary for optimum selection of effective antibiotics and elimination of antibiotics with little therapeutic value. Further clinical epidemiological and laboratory studies are needed to clarify these issues.

title: Multidrug resistant enteroaggregative XXXX coli @entity1 in rural southern Indian population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is defined as recurrent parotid @entity1 , generally associated with non-obstructive sialectasis of the parotid gland. It is a rare condition, and its etiology remains an enigma. AIM: The purposes of the present study were (1) to relate the follow up of five @entity3 cases; (2) to examine the role of sialography and ultrasound in diagnosis and follow up; and (3) to make a literature review. STUDY DESIGN: Series review. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We reviewed all recurrent @entity2 cases from the files of the Otolaryngology Division at University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The criteria for inclusion were at least two years of evolution and more than one year and a half follow-up in our service. We included five @entity0 in the study. Sialography was performed in the first evaluation and sonography was executed annually. @entity3 showed male predominance, and affected mainly @entity0 between the ages of 3 and 6. Frequency of crisis improved with time in all cases. Sialography showed sialectasis aspect in the affected glands and sonographic exams demonstrated hypoechoic and heterogeneous internal echoes. One case showed regression of ultrasound changes after clinical improvement.

title: Infantile recurrent XXXX : follow up study of five cases and literature review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the sonographic characteristics of @entity0 . METHODS: Data and sonographic images of 14 @entity0 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: All @entity1 had clinically palpable lumps. The median @entity1 age was 39.5 years (range, 24-60 years). Eleven (78.6%) @entity2 occurred in the right breast, and 3 (21.4%) were in the left. The median @entity2 size measured by sonography was 2.8 cm (range, 1.2-4.9 cm). The median longest transverse dimension-anteroposterior diameter ratio of the @entity2 was 2.44 (range, 1.52-3.73). All @entity2 were oval and compressible with transducer pressure. Thirteen (92.9%) @entity2 were well circumscribed with smooth @entity2 margins, and 1 (7.1%) had indistinct margins. The internal echo texture was hyperechoic in 6 (42.9%), mixed (heterogeneous) echogenicity in 5 (35.7%), and isoechoic in 3 (21.4%). Four (28.6%) @entity2 had echogenic halos, and 2 (14.3%) had anechoic halos. Ten (71.4%) @entity2 had no retrotumor acoustic phenomena. Two (14.3%) had bilateral edge shadowing; 1 (7.1%) had posterior enhancement; and 1 (7.1%) had a mixture of enhancement and shadowing. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 were well-circumscribed, solid, @entity2 without intratumor microcalcification. The internal echo texture of most @entity3 is either hyperechoic or composed of mixed echogenicity. Retrotumor acoustic phenomena were absent in most @entity3 .

title: Sonographic features of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Pulmonary arterial @entity1 associated with portal @entity1 occurs in about 5% of @entity0 being evaluated for liver transplantation. Treatment is required to facilitate safe transplantation, and oral pulmonary vasodilators have yet to be prospectively evaluated for this disease. The objective of this study was to determine the hemodynamic outcome in a consecutive cohort of @entity0 offered @entity3 as first-line treatment for @entity1 . We identified consecutive @entity0 at the University of Rochester referred by the liver transplant team. All had catheter-confirmed disease and were treated with @entity3 . @entity0 were excluded from analysis if they did not have follow-up catheterizations. The change in pulmonary vascular resistance at the time of first follow-up was the primary outcome. Eleven @entity0 began @entity3 , and 9 had follow-up right heart catheterizations during a 3-year period. Pulmonary vascular resistance dropped in each @entity0 ; as a group, the mean dropped from 575 to 375 dynes/second/cm(5). Four of 9 @entity0 achieved a mean pulmonary artery pressure </= 35 mm Hg at the time of first recatheterization, and 1 @entity0 received a successful cadaveric transplant. Four of 6 @entity0 with more than 1 follow-up catheterization had sustained hemodynamic benefit. One @entity0 initially responded to therapy with favorable hemodynamics but was found in the operating room to have @entity2 (on therapy) that precluded safe transplantation. In conclusion, @entity3 was associated with improved hemodynamics in this small, uncontrolled cohort. A multicenter, prospective evaluation is warranted in this group uniformly excluded from phase III clinical trials.

title: XXXX therapy is associated with improved hemodynamics in liver transplantation candidates with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to review our experience of popliteal aneurysms using endovascular techniques. METHODS: Thirty popliteal aneurysms in 25 @entity0 were treated over an 11-year period. Median @entity2 diameter was 26 (16-48) mm. Five were symptomatic and 25 asymptomatic. @entity0 were treated with the Haemobahn/Viabahn stent-graft (26), Passager (two), Aneurx (one), and PTFE homemade device (one). Data were assessed using life table analysis, and expressed as cumulative patency rates and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). RESULTS: Median follow-up was 24 (range 1-95) months. Primary patency was 92.9% ( @entity3 4.5%), 84.7% ( @entity3 6.8%), 80% ( @entity3 8.2%), 74.5% ( @entity3 9.4%) and 74.5% (11.3%) at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months, respectively. Cumulative secondary patency was 96.5% ( @entity3 3.3%), 88.7% ( @entity3 6.0%), 88.7% ( @entity3 8.6%), 83.2% ( @entity3 8.0%) and 83.2% ( @entity3 9.8%) at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of popliteal aneurysms in this series achieved patency rates similar to open surgery. @entity2 repair was performed without peroperative @entity1 and the risks associated with open surgery.

title: XXXX repair: are the results comparable to open surgery?

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of the short-acting insulin secretion drug @entity8 in new-onset @entity1 (NODM) after renal transplantation. Twenty-three Caucasian @entity0 with NODM after renal transplantation were selected to receive @entity8 therapy and were followed for at least 6 months. A control group treated with @entity7 was chosen for comparison. Successful @entity8 treatment was defined as a significant improvement of blood @entity3 concentrations and HbA1c <7% in the absence of @entity9 and without the need for the addition of further anti- @entity1 agents. After 6 months of treatment with @entity8 , 14 of the 23 @entity0 were successfully treated. Mean HbA1c decreased from 7.6 +/- 0.6% to 5.8 +/- 0.6% in 14 @entity0 treated successfully. In nine @entity0 , @entity6 persisted, and they were switched to insulin treatment (HbA1c 8.5 +/- 2.9% at the beginning to 7.4 +/- 2.2%). Mean serum @entity4 levels, @entity2 and @entity5 blood levels did not change significantly following institution of @entity8 therapy. The rate of successful treatment and the degree of HbA1c decrease were similar compared to @entity7 -treated control @entity0 . The data from our observational study indicate that @entity8 can be an effective treatment option in Caucasian @entity0 with NODM after renal transplantation.

title: XXXX in the management of new-onset @entity1 after renal transplantation.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of the short-acting insulin secretion drug @entity8 in new-onset @entity1 (NODM) after renal transplantation. Twenty-three Caucasian @entity0 with NODM after renal transplantation were selected to receive @entity8 therapy and were followed for at least 6 months. A control group treated with @entity7 was chosen for comparison. Successful @entity8 treatment was defined as a significant improvement of blood @entity3 concentrations and HbA1c <7% in the absence of @entity9 and without the need for the addition of further anti- @entity1 agents. After 6 months of treatment with @entity8 , 14 of the 23 @entity0 were successfully treated. Mean HbA1c decreased from 7.6 +/- 0.6% to 5.8 +/- 0.6% in 14 @entity0 treated successfully. In nine @entity0 , @entity6 persisted, and they were switched to insulin treatment (HbA1c 8.5 +/- 2.9% at the beginning to 7.4 +/- 2.2%). Mean serum @entity4 levels, @entity2 and @entity5 blood levels did not change significantly following institution of @entity8 therapy. The rate of successful treatment and the degree of HbA1c decrease were similar compared to @entity7 -treated control @entity0 . The data from our observational study indicate that @entity8 can be an effective treatment option in Caucasian @entity0 with NODM after renal transplantation.

title: @entity8 in the management of new-onset XXXX after renal transplantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the ontogeny of salivary epidermal growth factor (sEGF) in premature @entity0 and to determine the relation of sEGF to the development of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). STUDY DESIGN: Salivary EGF was prospectively measured in 327 @entity0 with gestational ages from 23 weeks to term. @entity0 of < or = 32 weeks' gestation (n = 261) were followed with weekly sEGF measurements through 3 weeks of life. Multivariable regression analyses were used to determine variables significantly related to sEGF levels and to identify predictors of @entity1 . RESULTS: Over the first 3 weeks of life, sEGF increased across gestational age and postnatal age categories. In multivariable models, gestational age was a significant predictor of sEGF levels (P < .009). In a cohort of 27 @entity0 who had @entity1 , gestational age, race, and changes in sEGF levels between weeks of life 1 and 2 were predictive of the development of @entity1 . These @entity0 had lower sEGF at week 1 and greater increases from week 1 to week 2 compared with @entity0 without @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: There is a positive relation between sEGF levels and gestational age. Patterns of sEGF levels over the first 2 weeks of life were significantly related to development of @entity1 in very low birth weight @entity0 .

title: Ontogeny of salivary epidermal growth factor and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 is among the 4 main causes of mortality in Spain. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of @entity1 and to describe the principal risk factors and other clinical and epidemiologic patterns found in @entity0 . METHODS: Doctors from the Spanish sentinel health network recorded the episodes of @entity3 in 2005 in a population of 201,205 inhabitants older than 14 years. The information of the @entity0 (age and sex) and the episode (e.g., duration, symptoms, origin, medical attention, risk factors) was collected on a standard form. RESULTS: The estimated incidence rate of @entity1 was 141 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (confidence interval [CI] 95%: 125-158), 134 (95% CI: 112-157) in @entity0 and 148 (95% CI: 124-172) in @entity0 . The incidence increases significantly from the age of 65 years and @entity0 younger than this have higher rates than @entity0 . In all, 12% of @entity0 with @entity1 die within the first 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of @entity2 in Spain is below that recorded in other countries. There is no difference according to sex, but incidence among young and middle-aged @entity0 is greater than that among @entity0 . Significant variations from some population groups to others are observed, maybe because of the difference in the prevalence of risk factors.

title: XXXX in Spain: epidemiologic incidence and patterns; a health sentinel network study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the treatment of resectable @entity0 in elderly @entity1 at Alkmaar Medical Centre, Alkmaar, the Netherlands, before and after the introduction of a multidisciplinary @entity0 consultation (MDC) with the @entity0 team in February 2006. DESIGN: Retrospective. METHOD: The treatment of @entity1 aged 70 and over with newly diagnosed stage I and II resectable @entity0 was monitored during the period 2002-2007. RESULTS: A total of 84% of the 232 studied @entity1 were treated surgically. Adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy, hormone therapy and chemotherapy was given to 88, 91 and 5 @entity1 , respectively. The percentage of @entity1 who underwent first-line surgery decreased significantly, mainly because fewer @entity1 aged 80 or over received surgery. The number of @entity1 given radiotherapy in accordance with guidelines increased, while for hormonal therapy the number remained more or less the same. Recording of decisions that involved deviation from treatment guidelines improved in the study period. CONCLUSION: In 2002-2007, the @entity0 team became more aware of treatment guidelines and deviations from guidelines were better accounted for. In the elderly, the guidelines for adjuvant radiotherapy were followed better, but there was a remarkable decrease in primary surgical treatment of @entity1 , particularly in @entity1 aged 80 and over. Comorbidity and @entity1 ' preferences played an important role in this.

title: [Trends in @entity0 treatment in the elderly at a XXXX outpatient clinic: guidelines followed better].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the treatment of resectable @entity0 in elderly @entity1 at Alkmaar Medical Centre, Alkmaar, the Netherlands, before and after the introduction of a multidisciplinary @entity0 consultation (MDC) with the @entity0 team in February 2006. DESIGN: Retrospective. METHOD: The treatment of @entity1 aged 70 and over with newly diagnosed stage I and II resectable @entity0 was monitored during the period 2002-2007. RESULTS: A total of 84% of the 232 studied @entity1 were treated surgically. Adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy, hormone therapy and chemotherapy was given to 88, 91 and 5 @entity1 , respectively. The percentage of @entity1 who underwent first-line surgery decreased significantly, mainly because fewer @entity1 aged 80 or over received surgery. The number of @entity1 given radiotherapy in accordance with guidelines increased, while for hormonal therapy the number remained more or less the same. Recording of decisions that involved deviation from treatment guidelines improved in the study period. CONCLUSION: In 2002-2007, the @entity0 team became more aware of treatment guidelines and deviations from guidelines were better accounted for. In the elderly, the guidelines for adjuvant radiotherapy were followed better, but there was a remarkable decrease in primary surgical treatment of @entity1 , particularly in @entity1 aged 80 and over. Comorbidity and @entity1 ' preferences played an important role in this.

title: [Trends in XXXX treatment in the elderly at a @entity0 outpatient clinic: guidelines followed better].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the release of @entity1 anions from neutrophils of healthy donors was affected when incubated with plasma from infliximab-treated @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity2 @entity0 were treated with 3mg/kg infliximab on weeks 0, 2, 6, and 14. Disease activity was assessed by DAS28 score and by @entity4 level. Neutrophils from healthy donors were incubated with plasma drawn before each infliximab treatment. PMA-stimulated @entity1 release was measured by the ferricytochrome C reduction method. RESULTS: 53% of the @entity0 had a favorable clinical response. @entity4 levels showed a significant decline at week two, with a gradual increase thereafter. Treatment with infliximab did not change the @entity1 production. However, when the group was divided retrospectively to responders (DeltaDAS28 > -1.2) and non-responders (DeltaDAS28 < -1.2), two different patterns were seen, although the pre-treatment levels were similar: Among the responders @entity4 remained low at its 2 weeks level till week 14, while in the non responders @entity4 increased 3 times (P < 0.03) from week 2 to 14. The responders showed mild, but continuous, reduction of @entity1 release, while in the non-responders it increased significantly from week 2 on. CONCLUSION: The reduction in @entity4 in @entity2 sera following anti- @entity3 therapy has little influence on the capacity of these sera to stimulate healthy neutrophils to produce @entity1 , suggesting the existence of non- @entity3 non- @entity4 dependent neutrophil-stimulating mediators in @entity2 sera. The increasing level of @entity4 among the non-responders after initial dramatic decline might represent an escape phenomenon, possibly caused by alternative mediator(s). Clinically, this @entity4 "escape" might be used as a tool for early identification of responders from non-responders.

title: Modification of neutrophil function by plasma of XXXX @entity0 treated with infliximab.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the release of @entity1 anions from neutrophils of healthy donors was affected when incubated with plasma from infliximab-treated @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity2 @entity0 were treated with 3mg/kg infliximab on weeks 0, 2, 6, and 14. Disease activity was assessed by DAS28 score and by @entity4 level. Neutrophils from healthy donors were incubated with plasma drawn before each infliximab treatment. PMA-stimulated @entity1 release was measured by the ferricytochrome C reduction method. RESULTS: 53% of the @entity0 had a favorable clinical response. @entity4 levels showed a significant decline at week two, with a gradual increase thereafter. Treatment with infliximab did not change the @entity1 production. However, when the group was divided retrospectively to responders (DeltaDAS28 > -1.2) and non-responders (DeltaDAS28 < -1.2), two different patterns were seen, although the pre-treatment levels were similar: Among the responders @entity4 remained low at its 2 weeks level till week 14, while in the non responders @entity4 increased 3 times (P < 0.03) from week 2 to 14. The responders showed mild, but continuous, reduction of @entity1 release, while in the non-responders it increased significantly from week 2 on. CONCLUSION: The reduction in @entity4 in @entity2 sera following anti- @entity3 therapy has little influence on the capacity of these sera to stimulate healthy neutrophils to produce @entity1 , suggesting the existence of non- @entity3 non- @entity4 dependent neutrophil-stimulating mediators in @entity2 sera. The increasing level of @entity4 among the non-responders after initial dramatic decline might represent an escape phenomenon, possibly caused by alternative mediator(s). Clinically, this @entity4 "escape" might be used as a tool for early identification of responders from non-responders.

title: Modification of neutrophil function by plasma of @entity2 XXXX treated with infliximab.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 usually accumulates in soil, water and airborne particles, from which it is taken up by various organisms. Exposure to @entity5 through food and drinking water is a major public health problem affecting some countries. At present there are limited laboratory data on the effects of @entity5 exposure on early embryonic development and the mechanisms behind its @entity0 . In this study, we used @entity4 as a model system to investigate the effects of @entity6 on early development. @entity4 embryos were exposed to a range of @entity7 concentrations (0-10.0mM) between 4 and 120h post-fertilization (hpf). Survival and early development of the embryos were not obviously influenced by @entity6 concentrations below 0.5mM. However, embryos exposed to higher concentrations (0.5-10.0mM) displayed reduced survival and abnormal development including delayed hatching, @entity2 and changed morphology. Alterations in neural development included weak tactile responses to light (2.0-5.0mM, 30hpf), @entity1 of the spinal cord and disordered motor axon projections (2.0mM, 48hpf). Abnormal cardiac function was observed as @entity3 (0.5-2.0mM, 60hpf) and altered ventricular shape (2.0mM, 48hpf). Furthermore, altered cell proliferation (2.0mM, 24hpf) and apoptosis status (2.0mM, 24 and 48hpf), as well as abnormal genomic DNA methylation patterning (2.0mM, 24 and 48hpf) were detected in the @entity6 -treated embryos. All of these indicate a possible relationship between @entity5 exposure and developmental failure in early embryogenesis. Our studies suggest that the negative effects of @entity5 on vertebrate embryogenesis are substantial.

title: Developmental mechanisms of @entity6 XXXX in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) embryos.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 usually accumulates in soil, water and airborne particles, from which it is taken up by various organisms. Exposure to @entity5 through food and drinking water is a major public health problem affecting some countries. At present there are limited laboratory data on the effects of @entity5 exposure on early embryonic development and the mechanisms behind its @entity0 . In this study, we used @entity4 as a model system to investigate the effects of @entity6 on early development. @entity4 embryos were exposed to a range of @entity7 concentrations (0-10.0mM) between 4 and 120h post-fertilization (hpf). Survival and early development of the embryos were not obviously influenced by @entity6 concentrations below 0.5mM. However, embryos exposed to higher concentrations (0.5-10.0mM) displayed reduced survival and abnormal development including delayed hatching, @entity2 and changed morphology. Alterations in neural development included weak tactile responses to light (2.0-5.0mM, 30hpf), @entity1 of the spinal cord and disordered motor axon projections (2.0mM, 48hpf). Abnormal cardiac function was observed as @entity3 (0.5-2.0mM, 60hpf) and altered ventricular shape (2.0mM, 48hpf). Furthermore, altered cell proliferation (2.0mM, 24hpf) and apoptosis status (2.0mM, 24 and 48hpf), as well as abnormal genomic DNA methylation patterning (2.0mM, 24 and 48hpf) were detected in the @entity6 -treated embryos. All of these indicate a possible relationship between @entity5 exposure and developmental failure in early embryogenesis. Our studies suggest that the negative effects of @entity5 on vertebrate embryogenesis are substantial.

title: Developmental mechanisms of @entity6 @entity0 in XXXX ( @entity4 ) embryos.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity5 usually accumulates in soil, water and airborne particles, from which it is taken up by various organisms. Exposure to @entity5 through food and drinking water is a major public health problem affecting some countries. At present there are limited laboratory data on the effects of @entity5 exposure on early embryonic development and the mechanisms behind its @entity0 . In this study, we used @entity4 as a model system to investigate the effects of @entity6 on early development. @entity4 embryos were exposed to a range of @entity7 concentrations (0-10.0mM) between 4 and 120h post-fertilization (hpf). Survival and early development of the embryos were not obviously influenced by @entity6 concentrations below 0.5mM. However, embryos exposed to higher concentrations (0.5-10.0mM) displayed reduced survival and abnormal development including delayed hatching, @entity2 and changed morphology. Alterations in neural development included weak tactile responses to light (2.0-5.0mM, 30hpf), @entity1 of the spinal cord and disordered motor axon projections (2.0mM, 48hpf). Abnormal cardiac function was observed as @entity3 (0.5-2.0mM, 60hpf) and altered ventricular shape (2.0mM, 48hpf). Furthermore, altered cell proliferation (2.0mM, 24hpf) and apoptosis status (2.0mM, 24 and 48hpf), as well as abnormal genomic DNA methylation patterning (2.0mM, 24 and 48hpf) were detected in the @entity6 -treated embryos. All of these indicate a possible relationship between @entity5 exposure and developmental failure in early embryogenesis. Our studies suggest that the negative effects of @entity5 on vertebrate embryogenesis are substantial.

title: Developmental mechanisms of @entity6 @entity0 in @entity4 ( XXXX ) embryos.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity5 usually accumulates in soil, water and airborne particles, from which it is taken up by various organisms. Exposure to @entity5 through food and drinking water is a major public health problem affecting some countries. At present there are limited laboratory data on the effects of @entity5 exposure on early embryonic development and the mechanisms behind its @entity0 . In this study, we used @entity4 as a model system to investigate the effects of @entity6 on early development. @entity4 embryos were exposed to a range of @entity7 concentrations (0-10.0mM) between 4 and 120h post-fertilization (hpf). Survival and early development of the embryos were not obviously influenced by @entity6 concentrations below 0.5mM. However, embryos exposed to higher concentrations (0.5-10.0mM) displayed reduced survival and abnormal development including delayed hatching, @entity2 and changed morphology. Alterations in neural development included weak tactile responses to light (2.0-5.0mM, 30hpf), @entity1 of the spinal cord and disordered motor axon projections (2.0mM, 48hpf). Abnormal cardiac function was observed as @entity3 (0.5-2.0mM, 60hpf) and altered ventricular shape (2.0mM, 48hpf). Furthermore, altered cell proliferation (2.0mM, 24hpf) and apoptosis status (2.0mM, 24 and 48hpf), as well as abnormal genomic DNA methylation patterning (2.0mM, 24 and 48hpf) were detected in the @entity6 -treated embryos. All of these indicate a possible relationship between @entity5 exposure and developmental failure in early embryogenesis. Our studies suggest that the negative effects of @entity5 on vertebrate embryogenesis are substantial.

title: Developmental mechanisms of XXXX @entity0 in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) embryos.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: Dyspepsia is a common primary care condition, yet its optimal management is poorly defined. We reviewed the literature to answer the following questions about @entity0 with @entity2 : 1) Does endoscopy result in improved @entity0 outcomes? 2) Does endoscopy result in a reduction in the use of subsequent medical resources? 3) Does endoscopy result in improved medical decision making? 4) Is endoscopy cost effective? METHODS: We performed a systematic review of English-language articles in the MEDLINE, HEALTHSTAR, and EMBASE computerized bibliographic databases from January 1985 to July 1998. We included all studies, including decision analyses, with information about the effectiveness of endoscopy, as measured by its impact on @entity0 outcomes, resource utilization, clinical decision making, or cost effectiveness. Two independent reviewers abstracted data from each study, and assessed its methodologic quality. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. For 3 of the 4 clinical questions, the weight of evidence does not support the effectiveness of endoscopy. The largest randomized clinical trial comparing endoscopy with empiric therapy demonstrates equivalent symptoms and quality of life at 1 year, with increased @entity0 satisfaction and lower costs for initial endoscopy. Suboptimal study design, including lack of appropriate comparison groups, limit studies measuring the impact of endoscopy on resource utilization and decision-making. Decision analyses indicate that noninvasive @entity1 testing followed by anti-H @entity1 therapy or empiric antisecretory therapy is more cost effective than initial endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of one randomized clinical trial, the preponderance of available data does not support the effectiveness of endoscopy in the management of @entity2 . Prospective clinical trials that evaluate @entity0 outcomes and resource utilization, and take @entity1 status into account, are needed to determine the effectiveness of endoscopy in the management of @entity2 .

title: The effectiveness of endoscopy in the management of XXXX : a qualitative systematic review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and tolerability of M-TIP was evaluated as first-line treatment for @entity0 with poor-risk @entity15 ( @entity15 ), according to International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) criteria. @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with poor-risk @entity15 were treated with M-TIP ( @entity12 250 mg/m(2) given as a 4-hour infusion with folinic acid rescue on day 1, @entity10 175 mg/m(2) given as a 3-hour infusion on day 1, followed by @entity8 1.2 g/m(2) given as a 2-hour infusion and @entity7 20 mg/m(2) given as a 2-hour infusion on days 2 to 6) regimen for four cycles. RESULTS: Five (16.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2%-31%) @entity0 achieved clinical complete response (cCR) with chemotherapy only, 15 (50%, 95% CI: 31-69%) @entity0 pathologic complete response (pCR) (11 had @entity3 / @entity5 and 4 had mature @entity4 ) and 3 (10%) @entity0 surgical complete response (sCR) for an overall favorable response of 76.6%. Twenty-one @entity0 are continuously disease-free at a median follow-up of 5.3 years (range 0.9-8.4+ years), resulting in a 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate of 66.6% (95% CI = 49%-85%) and a 5-year survival rate of 70% (95% CI = 53%-87%). @entity6 was generally mild except for myelotoxicity. @entity0 with @entity11 were successfully treated with broad spectrum antibiotics and @entity9 support. @entity13 in this trial was ameliorated with the use of @entity9 . @entity14 and nephrotoxicity were not a problem, since only 6.6% and 3.3% of @entity0 developed @entity2 and @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: M-TIP is a highly effective (high proportion of @entity0 achieved long-term disease-free status, lack of relapses) and well tolerated regimen for first-line treatment of poor-risk @entity15 @entity0 . These results have to be compared with the standard @entity16 chemotherapy or more intensive regimens in multicentre randomized trials.

title: @entity12 , @entity10 , @entity8 , and XXXX in poor-risk nonseminomatous @entity15 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and tolerability of M-TIP was evaluated as first-line treatment for @entity0 with poor-risk @entity15 ( @entity15 ), according to International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) criteria. @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with poor-risk @entity15 were treated with M-TIP ( @entity12 250 mg/m(2) given as a 4-hour infusion with folinic acid rescue on day 1, @entity10 175 mg/m(2) given as a 3-hour infusion on day 1, followed by @entity8 1.2 g/m(2) given as a 2-hour infusion and @entity7 20 mg/m(2) given as a 2-hour infusion on days 2 to 6) regimen for four cycles. RESULTS: Five (16.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2%-31%) @entity0 achieved clinical complete response (cCR) with chemotherapy only, 15 (50%, 95% CI: 31-69%) @entity0 pathologic complete response (pCR) (11 had @entity3 / @entity5 and 4 had mature @entity4 ) and 3 (10%) @entity0 surgical complete response (sCR) for an overall favorable response of 76.6%. Twenty-one @entity0 are continuously disease-free at a median follow-up of 5.3 years (range 0.9-8.4+ years), resulting in a 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate of 66.6% (95% CI = 49%-85%) and a 5-year survival rate of 70% (95% CI = 53%-87%). @entity6 was generally mild except for myelotoxicity. @entity0 with @entity11 were successfully treated with broad spectrum antibiotics and @entity9 support. @entity13 in this trial was ameliorated with the use of @entity9 . @entity14 and nephrotoxicity were not a problem, since only 6.6% and 3.3% of @entity0 developed @entity2 and @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: M-TIP is a highly effective (high proportion of @entity0 achieved long-term disease-free status, lack of relapses) and well tolerated regimen for first-line treatment of poor-risk @entity15 @entity0 . These results have to be compared with the standard @entity16 chemotherapy or more intensive regimens in multicentre randomized trials.

title: @entity12 , @entity10 , XXXX , and @entity7 in poor-risk nonseminomatous @entity15 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and tolerability of M-TIP was evaluated as first-line treatment for @entity0 with poor-risk @entity15 ( @entity15 ), according to International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) criteria. @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with poor-risk @entity15 were treated with M-TIP ( @entity12 250 mg/m(2) given as a 4-hour infusion with folinic acid rescue on day 1, @entity10 175 mg/m(2) given as a 3-hour infusion on day 1, followed by @entity8 1.2 g/m(2) given as a 2-hour infusion and @entity7 20 mg/m(2) given as a 2-hour infusion on days 2 to 6) regimen for four cycles. RESULTS: Five (16.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2%-31%) @entity0 achieved clinical complete response (cCR) with chemotherapy only, 15 (50%, 95% CI: 31-69%) @entity0 pathologic complete response (pCR) (11 had @entity3 / @entity5 and 4 had mature @entity4 ) and 3 (10%) @entity0 surgical complete response (sCR) for an overall favorable response of 76.6%. Twenty-one @entity0 are continuously disease-free at a median follow-up of 5.3 years (range 0.9-8.4+ years), resulting in a 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate of 66.6% (95% CI = 49%-85%) and a 5-year survival rate of 70% (95% CI = 53%-87%). @entity6 was generally mild except for myelotoxicity. @entity0 with @entity11 were successfully treated with broad spectrum antibiotics and @entity9 support. @entity13 in this trial was ameliorated with the use of @entity9 . @entity14 and nephrotoxicity were not a problem, since only 6.6% and 3.3% of @entity0 developed @entity2 and @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: M-TIP is a highly effective (high proportion of @entity0 achieved long-term disease-free status, lack of relapses) and well tolerated regimen for first-line treatment of poor-risk @entity15 @entity0 . These results have to be compared with the standard @entity16 chemotherapy or more intensive regimens in multicentre randomized trials.

title: @entity12 , XXXX , @entity8 , and @entity7 in poor-risk nonseminomatous @entity15 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and tolerability of M-TIP was evaluated as first-line treatment for @entity0 with poor-risk @entity15 ( @entity15 ), according to International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) criteria. @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with poor-risk @entity15 were treated with M-TIP ( @entity12 250 mg/m(2) given as a 4-hour infusion with folinic acid rescue on day 1, @entity10 175 mg/m(2) given as a 3-hour infusion on day 1, followed by @entity8 1.2 g/m(2) given as a 2-hour infusion and @entity7 20 mg/m(2) given as a 2-hour infusion on days 2 to 6) regimen for four cycles. RESULTS: Five (16.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2%-31%) @entity0 achieved clinical complete response (cCR) with chemotherapy only, 15 (50%, 95% CI: 31-69%) @entity0 pathologic complete response (pCR) (11 had @entity3 / @entity5 and 4 had mature @entity4 ) and 3 (10%) @entity0 surgical complete response (sCR) for an overall favorable response of 76.6%. Twenty-one @entity0 are continuously disease-free at a median follow-up of 5.3 years (range 0.9-8.4+ years), resulting in a 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate of 66.6% (95% CI = 49%-85%) and a 5-year survival rate of 70% (95% CI = 53%-87%). @entity6 was generally mild except for myelotoxicity. @entity0 with @entity11 were successfully treated with broad spectrum antibiotics and @entity9 support. @entity13 in this trial was ameliorated with the use of @entity9 . @entity14 and nephrotoxicity were not a problem, since only 6.6% and 3.3% of @entity0 developed @entity2 and @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: M-TIP is a highly effective (high proportion of @entity0 achieved long-term disease-free status, lack of relapses) and well tolerated regimen for first-line treatment of poor-risk @entity15 @entity0 . These results have to be compared with the standard @entity16 chemotherapy or more intensive regimens in multicentre randomized trials.

title: XXXX , @entity10 , @entity8 , and @entity7 in poor-risk nonseminomatous @entity15 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and tolerability of M-TIP was evaluated as first-line treatment for @entity0 with poor-risk @entity15 ( @entity15 ), according to International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) criteria. @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with poor-risk @entity15 were treated with M-TIP ( @entity12 250 mg/m(2) given as a 4-hour infusion with folinic acid rescue on day 1, @entity10 175 mg/m(2) given as a 3-hour infusion on day 1, followed by @entity8 1.2 g/m(2) given as a 2-hour infusion and @entity7 20 mg/m(2) given as a 2-hour infusion on days 2 to 6) regimen for four cycles. RESULTS: Five (16.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2%-31%) @entity0 achieved clinical complete response (cCR) with chemotherapy only, 15 (50%, 95% CI: 31-69%) @entity0 pathologic complete response (pCR) (11 had @entity3 / @entity5 and 4 had mature @entity4 ) and 3 (10%) @entity0 surgical complete response (sCR) for an overall favorable response of 76.6%. Twenty-one @entity0 are continuously disease-free at a median follow-up of 5.3 years (range 0.9-8.4+ years), resulting in a 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate of 66.6% (95% CI = 49%-85%) and a 5-year survival rate of 70% (95% CI = 53%-87%). @entity6 was generally mild except for myelotoxicity. @entity0 with @entity11 were successfully treated with broad spectrum antibiotics and @entity9 support. @entity13 in this trial was ameliorated with the use of @entity9 . @entity14 and nephrotoxicity were not a problem, since only 6.6% and 3.3% of @entity0 developed @entity2 and @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: M-TIP is a highly effective (high proportion of @entity0 achieved long-term disease-free status, lack of relapses) and well tolerated regimen for first-line treatment of poor-risk @entity15 @entity0 . These results have to be compared with the standard @entity16 chemotherapy or more intensive regimens in multicentre randomized trials.

title: @entity12 , @entity10 , @entity8 , and @entity7 in poor-risk nonseminomatous XXXX .

answer: @entity15


abstract: Gap junction (GJ) coupling between neocortical GABAergic interneurons plays a critical role in the synchronization of activity in cortical networks in physiological and pathophysiological states, e.g., @entity3 . Past studies have shown that GJ blockers exert anticonvulsant actions in both in vivo and in vitro models of @entity1 . However, the precise mechanisms underlying these antiepileptic effects have not been fully elucidated. This is due, in part, to a lack of information of the influence of GJ blockade on network activity in the absence of convulsant agents or enhanced neuronal excitation. One key question is whether GJ blockers act on excitatory or inhibitory systems, or both. To address this issue, we examined the effects of the GJ blocker @entity4 (CarbX, 150 microM) on spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) and excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in acute slices of @entity0 somatosensory cortex. Results showed that CarbX decreased the amplitude and frequency of sIPSCs by 30.2% and 25.7%, respectively. CarbX increased the mean frequency of sEPSCs by 24.1%, but had no effect on sEPSC amplitude. During blockade of GABAA-mediated events with picrotoxin (20 microM), CarbX induced only a small increase in sEPSC frequency that was not statistically different from control, indicating CarbX enhancement of sEPECs was secondary to the @entity2 of synaptic inhibition. These findings suggest that in neocortex, blockade of GJs leads to an increase in spontaneous excitation by uncoupling GABAergic interneurons, and that electronic communication between inhibitory cells plays a significant role in regulating tonic synaptic excitation.

title: XXXX modifies spontaneous inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission in @entity0 somatosensory cortex.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Gap junction (GJ) coupling between neocortical GABAergic interneurons plays a critical role in the synchronization of activity in cortical networks in physiological and pathophysiological states, e.g., @entity3 . Past studies have shown that GJ blockers exert anticonvulsant actions in both in vivo and in vitro models of @entity1 . However, the precise mechanisms underlying these antiepileptic effects have not been fully elucidated. This is due, in part, to a lack of information of the influence of GJ blockade on network activity in the absence of convulsant agents or enhanced neuronal excitation. One key question is whether GJ blockers act on excitatory or inhibitory systems, or both. To address this issue, we examined the effects of the GJ blocker @entity4 (CarbX, 150 microM) on spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) and excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in acute slices of @entity0 somatosensory cortex. Results showed that CarbX decreased the amplitude and frequency of sIPSCs by 30.2% and 25.7%, respectively. CarbX increased the mean frequency of sEPSCs by 24.1%, but had no effect on sEPSC amplitude. During blockade of GABAA-mediated events with picrotoxin (20 microM), CarbX induced only a small increase in sEPSC frequency that was not statistically different from control, indicating CarbX enhancement of sEPECs was secondary to the @entity2 of synaptic inhibition. These findings suggest that in neocortex, blockade of GJs leads to an increase in spontaneous excitation by uncoupling GABAergic interneurons, and that electronic communication between inhibitory cells plays a significant role in regulating tonic synaptic excitation.

title: @entity4 modifies spontaneous inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission in XXXX somatosensory cortex.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery is associated with @entity5 . While 1% to 2% of @entity0 experience @entity3 , @entity4 are seen in more than half of @entity0 . Given the high incidence of @entity4 , it has become the endpoint of many cardiac surgery investigations. Because the elderly are at highest risk, this investigation sought to determine if there is a relationship between new @entity2 changes demonstrated by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and postoperative @entity4 in older @entity0 . METHODS: Fifty cardiac surgical @entity0 (>65 years of age) underwent preoperative and postoperative neurocognitive examinations, including four to six week, postdischarge, follow-up. This evaluation assessed higher cortical function, memory, attention, concentration, and psychomotor performance. Objective evidence of acute cerebral @entity2 events was identified using DW-MRI. Scans were analyzed by a neuroradiologist blinded to clinical status and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS: Among @entity0 with a mean age of 73 years, 88% demonstrated @entity4 in the postoperative testing period while 32% showed evidence of acute perioperative @entity7 by DW-MRI. At postdischarge follow-up, 30% of @entity0 showed @entity4 . However, @entity4 assessed postoperatively, or at a four to six week follow-up, was unrelated to the presence or absence of DW-MRI detected @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative @entity6 , assessed by standard means, is unrelated to @entity7 detected by DW-MRI. This strongly suggests that @entity4 after cardiac surgery is a function of underlying @entity0 factors rather than perioperative @entity2 events. This observation has broad implications for future investigation of strategies to prevent cardiac surgery-related @entity1 .

title: Postcardiac surgical XXXX in the aged using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: A variety of definitive operations have been used to manage @entity0 with @entity2 right ventricle and subpulmonary @entity3 ( @entity2 ). This study identifies the impact of the position of the great arteries and use of a staged surgical approach on the outcome after the arterial switch operation in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: From 1986 through July 2005, 34 @entity0 with @entity2 underwent the arterial switch operation. The median age at operation was 21 days. Based on position of the great arteries, @entity0 were divided into group I (side by side; n = 16) and group II (anteroposterior; n = 18). Aortic arch obstruction was present in 18 @entity0 (53%), of whom 16 had prior repair with aortic arch reconstruction. Abnormal coronary artery patterns were present in 9 @entity0 (27%). RESULTS: There were 4 early deaths and 1 late @entity1 (3 from group I and 2 from group II). The actuarial survival rate was 85% at 15 years (81% in group I and 89% in group II). Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (mean gradient, 46.0 +/- 5.5 mm Hg) developed in 5 cases (2 from group I and 3 from group II). One @entity0 underwent reoperation for residual aortic arch obstruction. Freedom from reoperation was 80% at 15 years, and thereafter 85% in group I and 75% in group II. Statistical analysis of potential risk factors revealed no significant identifiers for @entity1 or need for reoperation between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The arterial switch operation remains our preferred choice of treatment for @entity0 with @entity2 . The position of the great arteries has no effect on postoperative morbidity and mortality. In the presence of aortic arch obstruction, staged arch reconstruction followed soon thereafter by early intracardiac repair has yielded excellent outcomes in our experience.

title: Surgical results of arterial switch operation for XXXX : is position of the great arteries a risk factor?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Chemokines constitute a large family of secreted proteins that function as chemoattractants and activators of leukocytes. Astrocytes, the major glial cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), are a source of chemokine production within diseased brain. As such, we have examined the production of chemokines by @entity0 @entity6 cell lines and primary @entity0 astrocytes treated with a variety of stimuli, including LPS, @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity7 . In addition, @entity4 in conjunction with the soluble @entity4 receptor (sIL-6R), and hybrid @entity4 (H- @entity4 ), a highly active fusion protein of sIL-6R and @entity4 , were tested for their ability to induce chemokine expression. The findings presented herein demonstrate that both @entity0 @entity6 cell lines and primary @entity0 astrocytes express the CXC chemokines @entity2 and @entity5 and the CC chemokines @entity9 and @entity10 in response to @entity1 and @entity7 . @entity3 induced the expression of @entity2 , but not of @entity5 , @entity9 or @entity10 . Surprisingly, @entity4 /sIL-6R and H- @entity4 had little or no effect on chemokine expression in these cells. The effect of @entity8 on chemokine expression in @entity0 @entity6 cell lines and astrocytes was also examined. @entity8 alone had little or no effect on @entity10 , @entity9 and @entity5 expression; however, @entity8 synergized with @entity1 to enhance @entity9 expression in both @entity6 cells and primary astrocytes. An inhibitory effect of @entity8 on @entity1 and @entity7 induced @entity10 and @entity5 expression was observed in @entity0 @entity6 cells. In contrast, @entity8 enhanced @entity1 and @entity7 induction ofIL-8 production by @entity0 astrocytes. These findings document a complex pattern of chemokine regulation by the pleiotropic cytokine @entity8 with both enhancing and inhibitory effects.

title: Cytokine regulation of CC and CXC chemokine expression by XXXX astrocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the necessity and/or effectiveness of postoperative antibiotics in the treatment of mandible @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a prospective, randomized trial composed of @entity0 who presented for operative treatment of @entity5 and subsequently underwent open reduction and internal fixation at 1 institution. @entity2 treated by an intraoral and/or extraoral open reduction with internal fixation were included in this study. The @entity0 were randomly divided into 2 groups based on whether or not they received postoperative antibiotics. Both groups received preoperative antibiotics of various regimens as well as intraoperative antibiotics on the day of surgery. Group Ab @entity0 received 2.4 mIU of intramuscular @entity1 G @entity6 , or if allergic, a 5- to 7-day regimen of oral @entity4 . Group non-Ab @entity0 received no antibiotics postoperatively. @entity0 followed between 5 and 8 weeks were included in the data set. RESULTS: A total of 291 @entity0 were enrolled in the study, of which 181 @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. Group Ab included 81 and group non-Ab 100 @entity0 . Twenty-two @entity0 had evidence of @entity3 noted within the 8-week follow-up period. There were 8 @entity3 in group Ab and 14 @entity3 in group non-Ab. Statistical analysis with the Pearson Chi-square and Student's t test showed no statistically significant difference (P = .399) between groups Ab and non-Ab. CONCLUSION: This study could not prove any statistically significant benefit to the administration of postoperative antibiotics in @entity0 undergoing open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular @entity2 .

title: The efficacy of postoperative antibiotic regimens in the open treatment of mandibular XXXX : a prospective randomized trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations of genetic polymorphisms in GSTs genes of the Hakka population of south China with family histories of certain @entity1 . METHODS: Five hundred and thirty-nine healthy Hakka natives of Meizhou city of Guangdong province in south China were involved. The genotypes of @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity7 were determined using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The observed polymorphisms were analyzed by Chi-square and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations of the distributions of GST genotypes with family history of certain @entity1 . RESULTS: The distributions of polymorphisms in @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity7 conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Compared to the Cantonese, the Hakka had a lower distribution of the @entity5 deletion genotype (3.15% vs. 11.9%). A weak association was observed between the @entity6 genetic polymorphism and family history of @entity0 . @entity2 drinkers had a higher frequency of the null- @entity6 genotype, while smokers had a higher frequency of a variant @entity3 genotype. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the Hakka is a special and distinctive Han Chinese ethnic group with different GSTs genetic polymorphisms. Smoking and drinking might be related to the distribution of GST genotypes.

title: Human GSTs polymorphisms in the Hakka population of south China and their associations with family history of several XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are preferred over guaiac-based fecal occult blood testing as @entity0 ( @entity0 ) screening tool. However, hemoglobin (Hb) degradation over time may influence @entity1 outcome. We therefore evaluated the effect of sample return time on @entity1 performance characteristics in a population-based @entity0 screening trial. METHODS: A representative random sample of the Dutch population (n=17,677), aged 50-74 years, was invited for @entity1 screening (OC-Sensor Micro; cutoff >=  50 ng Hb/ml). Sample return time was defined as the interval in days between fecal sampling and @entity1 laboratory delivery. Moreover, a random sample of positive FITs were selected to be stored at room temperature and re-tested every 3-4 days. RESULTS: In total, 8,958 screenees fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The mean sample return time was 3 days (     3). Overall, 792 screenees (8.8%) had a positive test. Between the sample return time groups, the positivity rate (PR) varied between 7.7 and 9.0%. No statistically significant associations were found between PR or detection rate (DR) and the different sample return time groups (P value=0.84 and 0.76, respectively). For the laboratory experiment, 71 positive FITs were stored at room temperature and re-tested with standard intervals. The mean daily fecal Hb decrease was 5.88% per day (95% confidence interval 4.78-6.96%). None of the positive FITs became negative before 10 days after fecal sampling. CONCLUSIONS: This population-based @entity0 screening trial demonstrates that both the PR and DR of FITs do not decrease with prolonged sample return times up to 10 days. This means that a delay in sending the @entity1 back to the laboratory, of up to at least 1 week, does not necessitate repeat sampling in case of a negative test result. These data support the use of @entity1 -based screening as a reliable tool for nationwide @entity0 screening programs.

title: Are fecal immunochemical test characteristics influenced by sample return time? A population-based XXXX screening trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: In @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 , @entity5 leads to @entity1 and raises their risk of @entity6 . They cannot use pharmacological prophylaxis over the long course of the disease. Elastic compression stockings are indicated to prevent @entity4 for hypomobile @entity0 , and might therefore also limit @entity1 . The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of elastic compression with ATE stockings in severely disabled @entity2 @entity0 , and to make a preliminary assessment of their efficacy and safety. METHODS: We checked 201 @entity2 @entity0 , in a rehabilitation unit, by ultrasound for residues of @entity6 and recorded the duration of the @entity2 , residual autonomy, and leg @entity1 . Ninety-nine @entity0 served as controls, and 102 were prescribed antithromboembolic stockings, to be worn 24h/day. RESULTS: The intervention group had higher baseline d-Dimer (471    590 vs. 271    183 mg/dL) and more had lower leg @entity1 (80% vs. 40%). In all treated @entity0 the @entity1 disappeared. There were no cases of symptomatic @entity7 . D-Dimers dropped significantly in both groups, though more in the intervention group (to 363    420 mg/dL, P=0.0001 and to 254    180 mg/dL for controls, P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Antithromboembolic stockings can help eliminate @entity1 in @entity2 @entity0 , and may also reduce the thrombotic risk: the lower d-Dimer values suggest an effect on the activation of @entity3 and coagulation resulting from stasis-induced endothelial damage.

title: Effects of elastic compression on hypomobility @entity1 and fibrinolysis activation in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: In @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 , @entity5 leads to @entity1 and raises their risk of @entity6 . They cannot use pharmacological prophylaxis over the long course of the disease. Elastic compression stockings are indicated to prevent @entity4 for hypomobile @entity0 , and might therefore also limit @entity1 . The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of elastic compression with ATE stockings in severely disabled @entity2 @entity0 , and to make a preliminary assessment of their efficacy and safety. METHODS: We checked 201 @entity2 @entity0 , in a rehabilitation unit, by ultrasound for residues of @entity6 and recorded the duration of the @entity2 , residual autonomy, and leg @entity1 . Ninety-nine @entity0 served as controls, and 102 were prescribed antithromboembolic stockings, to be worn 24h/day. RESULTS: The intervention group had higher baseline d-Dimer (471    590 vs. 271    183 mg/dL) and more had lower leg @entity1 (80% vs. 40%). In all treated @entity0 the @entity1 disappeared. There were no cases of symptomatic @entity7 . D-Dimers dropped significantly in both groups, though more in the intervention group (to 363    420 mg/dL, P=0.0001 and to 254    180 mg/dL for controls, P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Antithromboembolic stockings can help eliminate @entity1 in @entity2 @entity0 , and may also reduce the thrombotic risk: the lower d-Dimer values suggest an effect on the activation of @entity3 and coagulation resulting from stasis-induced endothelial damage.

title: Effects of elastic compression on hypomobility XXXX and fibrinolysis activation in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this multicenter trial was to test the feasibility and the activity of a three-drug combination where @entity7 is added to @entity6 and @entity9 . @entity0 with metastatic or relapsed SCC-HN unsuitable for further loco-regional radical treatment, not previously treated with chemotherapy, were eligible to receive @entity7 160 mg/m2 (3-hr infusion) day 1, CDDP 25 mg/m2/day and @entity9 250 mg/m2/day bolus on days 1, 2, 3 every three weeks up to a maximum of five courses. Fourty-seven @entity0 were enrolled by five Institutions in Italy. Main grade III-IV @entity2 were: @entity8 (48%), @entity5 (6%), @entity4 (4%), @entity3 (2%), @entity1 (2%). Six @entity0 had a complete response (13.3%) and eight a partial response (17.8%). Median progression free survival and overall survival are 4.1 and 7.9 months. One-year progression free survival and overall survival are 16% and 29%. This three-drug regimen has an excellent safety profile. The activity in the palliation of recurrent SCC-HN, however, does not appear to be improved in comparison with @entity6 and @entity9 or @entity6 and @entity7 regimens. Recent studies indicate a more promising role of @entity10 including triplets in the induction therapy of previously untreated @entity0 .

title: @entity7 , XXXX and @entity9 in recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a phase II trial from an Italian cooperative group.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The aim of this multicenter trial was to test the feasibility and the activity of a three-drug combination where @entity7 is added to @entity6 and @entity9 . @entity0 with metastatic or relapsed SCC-HN unsuitable for further loco-regional radical treatment, not previously treated with chemotherapy, were eligible to receive @entity7 160 mg/m2 (3-hr infusion) day 1, CDDP 25 mg/m2/day and @entity9 250 mg/m2/day bolus on days 1, 2, 3 every three weeks up to a maximum of five courses. Fourty-seven @entity0 were enrolled by five Institutions in Italy. Main grade III-IV @entity2 were: @entity8 (48%), @entity5 (6%), @entity4 (4%), @entity3 (2%), @entity1 (2%). Six @entity0 had a complete response (13.3%) and eight a partial response (17.8%). Median progression free survival and overall survival are 4.1 and 7.9 months. One-year progression free survival and overall survival are 16% and 29%. This three-drug regimen has an excellent safety profile. The activity in the palliation of recurrent SCC-HN, however, does not appear to be improved in comparison with @entity6 and @entity9 or @entity6 and @entity7 regimens. Recent studies indicate a more promising role of @entity10 including triplets in the induction therapy of previously untreated @entity0 .

title: @entity7 , @entity6 and XXXX in recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a phase II trial from an Italian cooperative group.

answer: @entity9


abstract: The aim of this multicenter trial was to test the feasibility and the activity of a three-drug combination where @entity7 is added to @entity6 and @entity9 . @entity0 with metastatic or relapsed SCC-HN unsuitable for further loco-regional radical treatment, not previously treated with chemotherapy, were eligible to receive @entity7 160 mg/m2 (3-hr infusion) day 1, CDDP 25 mg/m2/day and @entity9 250 mg/m2/day bolus on days 1, 2, 3 every three weeks up to a maximum of five courses. Fourty-seven @entity0 were enrolled by five Institutions in Italy. Main grade III-IV @entity2 were: @entity8 (48%), @entity5 (6%), @entity4 (4%), @entity3 (2%), @entity1 (2%). Six @entity0 had a complete response (13.3%) and eight a partial response (17.8%). Median progression free survival and overall survival are 4.1 and 7.9 months. One-year progression free survival and overall survival are 16% and 29%. This three-drug regimen has an excellent safety profile. The activity in the palliation of recurrent SCC-HN, however, does not appear to be improved in comparison with @entity6 and @entity9 or @entity6 and @entity7 regimens. Recent studies indicate a more promising role of @entity10 including triplets in the induction therapy of previously untreated @entity0 .

title: XXXX , @entity6 and @entity9 in recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a phase II trial from an Italian cooperative group.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze an unusual reciprocal X-autosome translocation found in an infertile @entity0 with @entity2 . DESIGN: Case report with a review of scientific literature. SETTING: @entity3 clinic, Kobe University Hospital. @entity0 (S): Infertile @entity0 with @entity2 but otherwise apparently healthy. INTERVENTION(S): Peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained for karyotyping, and metaphases were studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Seminal analysis, hormone levels, volume of testis, and pathologic analysis of testis were performed. RESULT(S): The semen analysis revealed @entity2 . The lymphocytic karyotype showed a @entity0 with X-autosome translocations. Histopathologic examination of the sample showed @entity1 . CONCLUSION(S): This is the first clinical report of @entity2 with reciprocal X-autosome 11 translocations. This translocation may be a direct genetic risk factor for @entity1 .

title: An unusual reciprocal X-autosome translocation in an infertile azoospermic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 , a member of the lactococcal 936 phage species, infects @entity3 strains by binding initially to specific @entity1 receptors using its receptor-binding protein (RBP). The structures of p2 RBP, a homotrimeric protein composed of three domains, and of its complex with a neutralizing @entity2 VH domain (VHH5) have been determined (S. Spinelli, A. Desmyter, C. T. Verrips, H. J. de Haard, S. Moineau, and C. Cambillau, Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 13:85-89, 2006). Here, we show that VHH5 was able to neutralize 12 of 50 lactococcal phages belonging to the 936 species. Moreover, escape phage mutants no longer neutralized by VHH5 were isolated from 11 of these phages. All of the mutations (but one) cluster in the RBP/VHH5 interaction surface that delineates the receptor-binding area. A @entity0 molecule, observed in the 1.7-A resolution structure of RBP, was found to bind tightly (Kd= 0.26 microM) in a crevice located in this area. Other saccharides bind RBP with comparable high affinity. These data prove the saccharidic nature of the bacterial receptor recognized by @entity4 and identify the position of its binding site in the RBP head domain.

title: Receptor-binding protein of XXXX phages: identification and characterization of the saccharide receptor-binding site.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Some @entity0 with @entity2 benefit from post-operative chemo-radiotherapy, but adequately irradiating the planning target volume ( @entity1 ) whilst avoiding organs at risk (OAR) can be difficult. We evaluate 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (CRT), conventional intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and helical tomotherapy (TT). TT, 2 and 5-field (F) CRT and IMRT treatment plans with the same @entity1 coverage were generated for 5 @entity0 and compared. Median values are reported. The volume of left/right kidney receiving at least 20Gy (V20) was 57/51% and 51/60% for 2 and 5F-CRT, and 28/14% for TT and 27/19% for IMRT. The volume of liver receiving at least 30Gy (V30) was 45% and 62% for 2 and 5F-CRT, and 37% for TT and 35% for IMRT. With TT, 98% of the @entity1 received 95-105% of the prescribed dose, compared with 45%, 34% and 28% for 2F-CRT, 5F-CRT and IMRT respectively. Using conventional metrics, conventional IMRT can achieve comparable @entity1 coverage and OAR sparing to TT, but at the expense of @entity1 dose heterogeneity. Both irradiate large volumes of normal tissue to low doses. Additional studies are needed to demonstrate the clinical impact of these technologies.

title: Adjuvant radiotherapy for XXXX : A dosimetric comparison of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, tomotherapy and conventional intensity modulated radiotherapy treatment plans.

answer: @entity2


abstract: There is a paucity of data concerning the specific associations between @entity3 in the elderly and other age-related conditions, as well as its impact on long-term survival. This study was aimed to estimate the prevalence, risk factors, and outcome of self-reported @entity3 (srHF) in a cohort of Spanish elderly individuals. @entity1 in Central Spain (NEDICES) is a census population-based survey of the prevalence and incidence of major age-associated conditions in three areas of central Spain. Data on health status and several chronic conditions were evaluated in the baseline questionnaire (1994-1995). Odds ratios for the association between srHF and other comorbidities and health-related variables were assessed by logistic regression. A Cox model estimated the impact of srHF on 13-year all-cause mortality. The final cohort comprised 5,278 community-living elderly subjects. A total of 166 @entity0 (3.1%) had srHF. Prevalence was associated with higher age, female gender, degree of urbanisation of residence place, lower body mass index (BMI), higher number of chronic medications, higher Pfeffer FAQ score, being unmarried (P  <  0.001 for all), and infantile living conditions (P  =  0.007). @entity0 with srHF had a higher number of associated chronic conditions (P  <  0.001). In the multivariate analysis, self-reported @entity2 , lower BMI category, rural environment during childhood, and higher age were identified as independent risk factors for srHF. Adjusted hazard ratio for mortality in the srHF group was 1.40 (95% confidence interval 1.15-1.71; P  =  0.001). srHF is a common condition among community-living elderly population in Spain, and has a significant impact upon long-term all-cause mortality.

title: XXXX in three elderly populations of central Spain: data from the NEDICES study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The involvement of neurotransmission in neuronal development is a generally accepted concept. Nevertheless, the precise regulation of neurotransmitter receptor expression is still unclear. To investigate the expression profiles of the most important ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors, namely @entity3 (A) receptors ( @entity3 (A)Rs), @entity1 receptors (NMDARs), and @entity0 receptors (AMPARs), quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblot analysis and patch clamp studies were performed in in vitro-generated neural stem cells (NSCs). This clearly defined cell line is closely related to radial glia cells, the stem cells in the neonate brain. We found functional @entity3 (A)Rs of the subunit composition alpha2, @entity2 , and gamma1 to be expressed. Unexpectedly, functional ionotropic @entity4 receptors were absent. However, NSCs expressed the NMDAR subunits @entity7 and @entity8 , and the AMPAR subunit @entity6 at the protein level, and @entity5 at the mRNA level. The overexpression of functional NMDARs in NSCs led to an increased mRNA level of AMPAR subunits, indicating a role in synaptogenesis. Early neuronal markers remained unchanged. These data extend our knowledge about ionotropic neurotransmitter receptor expression during neuronal development and will aid further investigations on activity-dependent neurogenesis.

title: Functional excitatory GABAA receptors precede ionotropic XXXX receptors in radial glia-like neural stem cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. Plasma @entity1 concentration, urinary and plasma osmolality and haematocrit were measured in young @entity0 placed in cold, thermoneutral, warm and hot ambient temperatures. In some experiments a thermode placed in the hypothalamus or over the cervical spinal cord was heated or cooled at various ambient temperatures. 2. Plasma @entity1 concentration remained at a low level (0-5--5 muu. ml.-1) over 2 hr or 3 hr periods when the @entity0 were in cold, thermoneutral or warm ambient temperatures. A hot environment, which caused a marked rise in the @entity0 ' rectal temperature, was associated with a large rise in plasma @entity1 level. 3. The rise in plasma @entity1 level which occurred during an increase in body temperature was consistently and completely suppressed by simultaneous cooling of the thermode in the pre-optic region to 5 to 10 degrees C. When the thermode was in the region of the supraoptic nucleus the rise in @entity1 was only partly suppressed, and when it was over the cervical cord it was only sometimes suppressed. 4. Cooling the thermodes in any position at a cold or thermoneutral ambient temperature, or heating them at a thermoneutral or warm ambient temperature, caused no consistent change in @entity1 . 5. A diuresis, with a urinary flow-rate of at most 1 ml. min-1 and minimal urinary osmolality of 53 m-osmole kg-1, was observed on only three occasions, twice during cooling of a thermode in the hypothalamus and once after the end of a period when the thermode was heated. In each case, the plasma @entity1 was less than 2 muu. ml.-1. 6. A slight rise of haematocrit in cold ambient conditions and a slight fall in the warm were observed. Otherwise changes in haematocrit were trivial, and a shift of water between vascular system and interstitium could not be invoked to account for changes in @entity1 levels. Observed variation of plasma osmolality was also slight.

title: Effects of various ambient temperatures and of heating and cooling the hypothalamus and cervical spinal cord on antidiuretic hormone secretion and urinary osmolality in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The scientific community is fully aware of the importance of heat-related illness and @entity1 . Numerous guidelines have been recently published and most of them agree on the key role played by the intestine. Likewise, the role of endotoxinemia in the pathophysiology is well established. However, the possibility of bacterial translocation is not mentioned. Our @entity0 illustrates the likelihood of bacterial translocation in @entity1 and consistently the potential need of antibiotic therapy. A 45-year-old @entity0 diagnosed with paranoid @entity2 was confined in a penitentiary center. One summer day in which a temperature of 41 degrees C was observed in the shade, the @entity0 was found in deep @entity6 with an axillary temperature of 42 degrees C. @entity3 was detected in the hospital. Other causes of @entity6 and/or @entity4 were excluded, and @entity1 was diagnosed. Blood cultures were positive for @entity7 and @entity5 . Infection site was not identified despite of an exhaustive search. The @entity0 fully recovered after 48 hours. On the basis of review of the literature, we think that bacterial translocation can take part in the pathophysiology of @entity1 . Therefore, antibiotic treatment must be evaluated in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Bacterial translocation in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report 6 cases of liver @entity1 from @entity3 with third-line treatment of intermittent hepatic arterial infusion and systemic chemotherapy for unresectable liver @entity1 with clinical signification of direct invasion to adjacent organs in Stage IV @entity3 . Subjects were 19 consecutive @entity0 who underwent R0 surgery to the @entity2 for @entity3 , pT4, M1 in 1995-2003. We studied the relationship of pathological invasion to adjacent organs of @entity2 to other clinicopathological factors to prognosis. Of the 19 @entity0 , 11 (57.8%) were R0 surgery to the @entity2 of @entity1 . Only 4 (36.7%) @entity0 survived more than 3 years. The @entity0 without excision did not survive for three years. The median survival time was only 8.5 months. Multivariate analysis indicated that only R0 surgery to the @entity2 of @entity1 was an independent prognostic factor. The optimum resection for adjacent organs may prolong a survival. But the extended resection is a possibility of shortening the survival time.

title: [Third-line treatment of intermittent hepatic arterial infusion for unresectable liver @entity1 from XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: We report 6 cases of liver @entity1 from @entity3 with third-line treatment of intermittent hepatic arterial infusion and systemic chemotherapy for unresectable liver @entity1 with clinical signification of direct invasion to adjacent organs in Stage IV @entity3 . Subjects were 19 consecutive @entity0 who underwent R0 surgery to the @entity2 for @entity3 , pT4, M1 in 1995-2003. We studied the relationship of pathological invasion to adjacent organs of @entity2 to other clinicopathological factors to prognosis. Of the 19 @entity0 , 11 (57.8%) were R0 surgery to the @entity2 of @entity1 . Only 4 (36.7%) @entity0 survived more than 3 years. The @entity0 without excision did not survive for three years. The median survival time was only 8.5 months. Multivariate analysis indicated that only R0 surgery to the @entity2 of @entity1 was an independent prognostic factor. The optimum resection for adjacent organs may prolong a survival. But the extended resection is a possibility of shortening the survival time.

title: [Third-line treatment of intermittent hepatic arterial infusion for unresectable liver XXXX from @entity3 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 75-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital with massive @entity6 . Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a submucosal @entity2 with @entity5 , about 30 mm in diameter, in the anterior wall of the @entity3 . Pathological findings of biopsy specimens showed a @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of the stomach. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed an extramural low density mass, measuring 27 mm, in the @entity3 . From these findings, we thought we should be performing a wedge resection of the stomach for this @entity1 . After one month from the first examination, preoperative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a growth of the @entity1 . Abdominal CT also showed an obvious growth of the @entity1 , measuring 50 mm. Thus, laparoscopy-assisted proximal gastrectomy was performed, because the @entity1 was close to the @entity3 . Postoperative diagnosis of the @entity1 was pathologically confirmed to be a @entity4 with a high malignant potential. The case report of @entity4 that shows rapid growth for a short term is rare. We herein describe a case of @entity4 with rapid growth during one month before the operation.

title: [A case of XXXX with rapid growth in a short term].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to compare the indirect MR arthrographic findings of @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity0 without @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Indirect MR arthrograms of 35 @entity0 (21 @entity0 , 14 @entity0 ; mean age, 50.1 years) diagnosed with @entity1 clinically were compared with indirect MR arthrograms of 45 @entity0 (23 @entity0 , 22 @entity0 ; mean age, 48.9 years) without @entity1 . Joint capsule thickness in the axillary recess and the thicknesses of the enhancing portion of the axillary recess and the rotator interval were, respectively, evaluated on coronal T2-weighted images and coronal and sagittal fat-suppressed enhanced T1-weighted images by two radiologists independently. Reliability was studied using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were compared. RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity1 had significantly thickened joint capsules in the axillary recess and a thickened enhancing portion in the axillary recess and in the rotator interval. The difference in the thicknesses of the enhancing portion in the axillary recess and in the rotator interval were significantly greater than the difference in joint capsule thicknesses in the axillary recess between the @entity1 group and the control group (p < 0.001). Interobserver reliability was good for all three indexes (ICC >=  0.80). The area under the ROC curve for the thickness of the joint capsule in the axillary recess and the thicknesses of the enhancing portion of the axillary recess and the rotator interval were 0.797, 0.861, and 0.847, respectively. CONCLUSION: An abundance of enhancing tissue in the rotator interval and thickening and enhancement of the axillary recess are signs suggestive of @entity1 on indirect MR arthrography.

title: Indirect MR arthrographic findings of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Various clinical conditions can cause @entity8 , and in most cases it is of a degenerative origin. @entity3 is a common condition which affects young to middle-aged @entity0 and @entity0 equally. Changes in the mechanical properties of the disc lead to degenerative @entity6 in the intervertebral joints, @entity9 , and narrowing the intervertebral foramen or the spinal canal. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Degenerative cascade, described by @entity10 , is the widely accepted pathophysiologic model describing the degenerative process as it affects the lumbar spine in 3 phases. DIAGNOSIS: There are two forms of @entity8 secondary to @entity3 : a) lumbalgia and b) @entity5 . Limitation of movement, problems with balance, @entity2 , loss of reflexes in the extremities, @entity4 , @entity7 or other signs of @entity1 can be found on physical examination. For accurate diagnosis, it is often necessary to combine clinical examination and sophisticated technology. TREATMENT: Coservative treatment consists of rest, physical therapy, pharmacological therapy and injection therapy. Physical rehabilitation with active @entity0 participation is a key approach to treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 . Physical therapy, occupational therapy and kinesitherapy are important for improving muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility. Disc surgery is performed if surgical intervention is required.

title: [ XXXX and @entity3 ].

answer: @entity8