abstract: 45 @entity0 were treated by combined application of antilymphocyte serum, @entity4 and @entity3 : a control group of such 22 @entity0 was besides treated by @entity4 and @entity3 only. The treatment by antilymphocyte serum included a four weeks initial treatment, and one year continuous treatment one infusion per week. @entity4 and @entity3 were given every day during the same time. @entity4 only was given during the three following year. The two groups were followed up during four years. This treatment was well accepted by @entity0 under strict technical survey conditions. Serum sickness was noted in 11 p. cent of the cases. The equine antiglobulin antibody titre, increased during the initial treatment, was connected with serum sickness or, when the treatment was continued, with the inefficacy of the treatment. Rosettes titre decreased in ten cases, no clinical correlation was possible. The complement, immune complexes, were normal before treatment with most of the observed @entity0 . The delayed @entity2 skin tests were negative after a month in 80 p. cent of the cases. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis, for the elements as well as for the rate of proteins and gammaglobulins, showed no significant variations before and after the treatment. The comparison with the control group showed a significant statistical difference as too the number of aggravated and improved @entity0 after the first year. When grouping together stable and improved @entity0 , the difference was statistically significant after the third year. The difference was not significant in years "two" or four. No difference in the frequency of the relapses could be noted, in the first year or the following three years. In spite of inconsistent results comparison showed favorable data after three years. The good results seemed due to the additional use of antilymphocyte serum. Such a treatment associating antilymphocyte serum to @entity4 and @entity3 is beneficial in evolutive, remittent and recent @entity1 . Through the length of the treatment remains difficult to determine, we conclude that it is really beneficial for such @entity0 .

title: [Treatment of progressive and severe forms of @entity1 using a combination of antilymphocyte serum, @entity4 and @entity3 . Clinical and biological results. Comparison with a control group treated with XXXX and @entity3 only. 4-year follow-up].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Chronic effects of @entity5 were studied in 29 @entity0 (age, 4 months to 16 years; mean, 6.9 years) suffering from digitalis and diuretic resistant @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or @entity1 of different etiology. Twenty two @entity0 with @entity4 (13 dilated, 4 @entity2 , 5 @entity6 ) and 7 cases with @entity1 were treated for 1 to 31 months (mean, 9 months). The dose of @entity5 varied from 1 to 3 mg/kg/day (mean, 2.2 mg) in @entity4 and from 1.1 to 6.8 mg/kg/day (mean, 3.7 mg) in @entity1 . In @entity4 digoxin therapy was maintained while the dose of diuretics could be reduced or discontinued. In 4 severely @entity1 @entity0 the addition of a diuretic or beta blockers was necessary. In @entity4 clinical improvement was observed in 13 @entity0 (59%), while there was no response in 4 and 5 @entity0 died. The survivors exhibited a significant decrease of the cardiothoracic index (p less than 0.05), the PEP/LVET ratio (p less than 0.05) and an increase of the echocardiographic linear ejection fraction (p less than 0.001). If @entity1 was present, blood pressure decreased in all @entity0 (p less than 0.05). @entity5 was well tolerated by all @entity0 except one who developed @entity3 . This side effect disappeared after having discontinued the drug. These findings suggest that @entity5 is of benefit in controlling chronic @entity4 . @entity5 alone or in combination with other drugs is effective in the management of severe @entity1 .

title: Indications and effects of XXXX therapy in childhood.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document symptoms associated with borderline, early and advanced @entity2 and identify personal characteristics associated with early versus late diagnosis. METHODS: Information concerning symptoms and diagnosis history was available from 811 @entity0 with @entity2 who took part in an Australian case-control study in the early 1990s. @entity0 were classified into three groups for comparison based on their diagnosis: borderline, early (stage I-II) and advanced (stage III-IV) invasive @entity1 . RESULTS: Sixteen percent of @entity0 with borderline @entity1 , 7% with early @entity1 and 4% with advanced @entity1 experienced no symptoms before diagnosis (P < 0.0001). Among @entity0 with symptoms, @entity4 (44%) or swelling (39%) were most frequently reported; an abdominal mass (12%) and gynecological symptoms (12%) were less common. Compared to advanced stage @entity1 , @entity0 with early stage @entity1 were more likely to report an abdominal mass or urinary symptoms but less likely to report gastrointestinal problems or general malaise. General malaise and 'other' symptoms were least common in borderline disease. Older @entity0 , and those with higher parity or a family history of @entity5 , were more likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who experience persistent or recurrent abdominal symptoms, particularly swelling and/or @entity3 should be encouraged to seek medical attention and physicians should be alert to the possibility of @entity2 even in the absence of an abdominal mass. Further information about the prevalence of these symptoms in the general population is essential to assist physicians in @entity0 management.

title: Symptoms and diagnosis of borderline, early and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Models for cell killing and repopulation can provide insight into the efficacy of therapies. Using clinical data on @entity0 recurrence after lumpectomy with or without radiotherapy (L+/- @entity3 ) and brain @entity1 after chemotherapy with or without prophylactic cranial irradiation (C+/-PCI) for @entity4 , estimates of cell killing and subclinical repopulation were tested against the results from simple radiobiologic models. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The rates of local @entity0 recurrence after L+/- @entity3 and of brain @entity1 after C+/-PCI were extracted from published randomized trials. In Method 1, assuming simple exponential growth, the cell number distributions after L+/- @entity3 and C+/-PCI were calculated from the clinical data, and the impact of @entity3 on these distributions was determined. In Method 2, "classic" radiobiology dictates that a typical course of breast @entity3 and PCI results in approximately =7 and approximately =4.5 log of cell kill, respectively. Using an assumption of uniform log-kill, the clinical doubling times (CDTs) can be calculated directly from the clinical data. RESULTS: Using Method 1, for @entity0 and assuming a CDT of 110 days and a clinically detectable cell number of 10(9), the calculated cell number distribution would be approximately uniformly distributed from 1 to 10(8) cells, with @entity3 reducing the frequency at all points by approximately =75%. From the brain metastasis data, assuming a CDT of 55 days, a cell number distribution of 10(3) to 10(8) cells would be calculated. PCI reduces the frequency of @entity1 by roughly 40%. For both the breast and the brain data, the effects of @entity3 on the cell number distribution are not consistent with uniform radiosensitivity. Using Method 2, assuming a cell number of 10 after L+/- @entity3 , the calculated CDTs range from 14 to 124 days. For the brain metastasis case, assuming a starting cell number of 3.16 x 10(3), the CDTs would primarily be in the 10-30-day range. CONCLUSION: The distribution of clinical responses to adjuvant @entity3 suggests a broad range of radiosensitivity, rather than uniform log cell kill. The subpopulation of @entity2 with minimal cell kill appears to be significant. This heterogeneity may be due to radioresistant subpopulations, failure to irradiate @entity2 cells, and/or new @entity2 formation. Similarly, the computed CDTs consistent with the clinical data are shorter than those reported in the literature. Simple radiobiologic models that fail to incorporate heterogeneity of radiosensitivity and/or @entity2 cell repopulation do not adequately describe clinical outcomes.

title: Modeling killing and repopulation kinetics of subclinical XXXX : direct calculations from clinical data.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The antihypertensive effects of exercise have been examined in 2 randomized studies of multiple levels of activity. In 12 normal subjects, 1 month's exercise 3 times weekly lowered blood pressure (BP) and vascular resistance. There was only a slightly greater effect after 7 times/week exercise. In most subjects there was a marked reduction in @entity4 spillover rate, a measure of sympathetic activity. Exercise also improved @entity3 utilization and lowered plasma @entity2 . Thirteen previously untreated @entity0 with essential @entity1 had an average fall in BP of 11/9 and 16/11 mm Hg after 1 month each of 3/week and 7/week exercise respectively, again associated with fall in vascular resistance and a 20-30% reduction in plasma @entity4 . BP remained lowered by 3/week exercise for 1 year. In @entity0 who had BP controlled with drug for greater than 1 year, exercise 3 times weekly also prevented the redevelopment of @entity1 after long-term drug therapy was ceased. Regular exercise is useful in the initial management of @entity0 with mild @entity1 . In more severely @entity1 @entity0 , exercise may also be effective after an initial period of drug therapy.

title: The place of exercise in the long-term treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 is as frequent a cause of adult biliary disease as @entity5 in Kashmir Valley, India. In the present study, we prospectively evaluated the role of sonography in the diagnosis of @entity4 and its utility in monitoring the exit of worms from the bile duct. Sonography was performed on 28 @entity0 with @entity4 proven by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The bile ducts were dilated on sonography in 26 @entity0 . The characteristic sonographic features of worms in the bile duct were as follows: (a) a single, long, linear or curved echogenic structure without acoustic shadowing (2 @entity0 ); (b) multiple, long, linear, parallel echogenic strips, usually without acoustic shadowing (15 @entity0 ); (c) a thick, long, linear or curved, nonshadowing echogenic strip containing a central, longitudinal anechoic tube, probably representing the digestive tract of the worm (7 @entity0 ); and (d) characteristic movement of these long echogenic structures within the bile duct (8 @entity0 ). One @entity0 with pancreatic @entity4 exhibited long, linear, nonshadowing echogenic strips in a dilated pancreatic duct. Other sonographic changes observed in these @entity0 were (a) @entity3 (10 @entity0 ), @entity1 of the gallbladder wall (8 @entity0 ), sludge within the gallbladder (11 @entity0 ), a coiled echogenic structure within the gallbladder (1 @entity0 ); (b) multiple liver abscesses (1 @entity0 ); and (c) @entity2 (4 @entity0 ). Sonography detected worms in the biliary tree in 24 of 28 @entity0 (85.7%). Serial sonograms accurately demonstrated the spontaneous exit of worms in 18 @entity0 and the persistence of worms in 3 @entity0 . Sonography is a simple, rapid, and noninvasive method for diagnosis and follow-up of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Sonographic appearances in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Over 440 000 @entity0 receive medical attention for @entity3 each year in the US. @entity6 are a major source of morbidity and mortality in these @entity0 . Infected wounds not only heal more slowly, but also may lead to @entity4 . The factors that contribute to wound complications are both the size and depth of the wound. @entity8 is usually categorized into first-degree (superficial, involving only the epidermis), second-degree (partial thickness, involving both epidermis and dermis), and third-degree (full thickness, through the epidermis, dermis, and into fat). Burns that will not heal within 2 weeks are at least second-degree and should generally be referred to a burn surgeon for possible excision and grafting, due to the increased risk of @entity4 and scarring. The burn wound is dynamic. Proper treatment minimizes the extent of the @entity3 , whereas improper treatment (lack of proper wound-care, @entity2 formation, lack of resuscitation) may actually increase the size and/or depth of the wound. Topical antimicrobial agents have been shown to decrease wound-related @entity4 and morbidity in burn wounds when used appropriately. The goal of topical antimicrobial therapy is to control microbial colonization, thus preventing development of @entity1 . A wide variety of agents are available for treatment of burn wounds, including ointments, creams, biological and nonbiological dressings. Topical antimicrobials of choice include @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity5 and mafenide.

title: Topical treatment of pediatric XXXX with burns: a practical guide.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 has been found to depress the laryngeal reflexes. We studied whether this property could be utilized to relieve @entity3 . METHODS: This study was conducted over a period of 3 years, and included @entity0 aged 3-10 years, ASA status I and II. Most of the @entity0 were undergoing minor surgical procedures, under general anaesthesia with Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA trade mark ) and caudal epidural analgesia. RESULTS: During this period, 20 @entity0 developed @entity3 on removal of the LMA at the end of surgery. Initially, they all were treated with 100% O2, with gentle positive pressure ventilation. Out of 20 @entity0 , seven responded well with 100% O2 and gentle positive pressure ventilation. The remaining 13 were treated with a small dose of @entity1 (0.8 mg.kg-1 body weight). @entity3 was relieved successfully in 10 @entity0 and three @entity0 required intubation to improve their oxygenation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 in a small dose (0.8 mg.kg-1 body weight) was a useful drug to relieve @entity3 in most @entity0 (76.9%) following the removal of the LMA. Because it was not found to be effective in all @entity0 , @entity2 still has a role to play in critical conditions. However, we recommend @entity1 as a suitable alternative for relieving @entity3 in situations where @entity2 is contraindicated.

title: Is there a role of a small dose of @entity1 in the treatment of XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 has been found to depress the laryngeal reflexes. We studied whether this property could be utilized to relieve @entity3 . METHODS: This study was conducted over a period of 3 years, and included @entity0 aged 3-10 years, ASA status I and II. Most of the @entity0 were undergoing minor surgical procedures, under general anaesthesia with Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA trade mark ) and caudal epidural analgesia. RESULTS: During this period, 20 @entity0 developed @entity3 on removal of the LMA at the end of surgery. Initially, they all were treated with 100% O2, with gentle positive pressure ventilation. Out of 20 @entity0 , seven responded well with 100% O2 and gentle positive pressure ventilation. The remaining 13 were treated with a small dose of @entity1 (0.8 mg.kg-1 body weight). @entity3 was relieved successfully in 10 @entity0 and three @entity0 required intubation to improve their oxygenation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 in a small dose (0.8 mg.kg-1 body weight) was a useful drug to relieve @entity3 in most @entity0 (76.9%) following the removal of the LMA. Because it was not found to be effective in all @entity0 , @entity2 still has a role to play in critical conditions. However, we recommend @entity1 as a suitable alternative for relieving @entity3 in situations where @entity2 is contraindicated.

title: Is there a role of a small dose of XXXX in the treatment of @entity3 ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Varying results on the effect of factor XIII (FXIII) @entity5 on venous @entity2 risk have been reported. The probability of a true association between this polymorphism and venous @entity2 risk would be enhanced by a laboratory phenotype associated with this polymorphism and with the @entity2 risk. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of FXIII @entity5 , FXIII activity and subunit levels on venous @entity2 risk in a large case-control study, The Leiden @entity1 study (LETS). We found higher FXIII activity for 34Leu carriers (Leu/Leu: 158.0, @entity4 / @entity4 : 95.0). FXIII subunit levels were not associated with genotype. Higher FXIII activity was associated with a slightly decreased @entity2 risk [Odds ratio (OR): 0.8, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.5-1.3]. This effect was not present for elevated FXIII subunit levels. Higher FXIII activity was also associated with a higher dissociation index (percentage A2B2 complex dissociated after activation by thrombin for a fixed time interval). This index was higher for FXIII 34Leu carriers. The risk of @entity3 was slightly decreased for carriers of the 34Leu allele [OR: 0.9 (95%CI: 0.7-1.1)]. For homozygous 34Leu carriers the OR was 0.7 (95%CI: 0.4-1.3). This finding, suggesting a weak protective effect, was completely restricted to @entity0 . An overall estimate of @entity2 risk was calculated by using earlier reports on the risk of FXIII @entity5 . The overall risk estimate for homozygous 34Leu carriers was 0.8 (95%CI: 0.6-1.0). In this study, a weak protective effect against @entity1 was found, of FXIII 34Leu as well as of increased FXIII activity.

title: Factor XIII XXXX polymorphism, factor XIII antigen levels and activity and the risk of @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Varying results on the effect of factor XIII (FXIII) @entity5 on venous @entity2 risk have been reported. The probability of a true association between this polymorphism and venous @entity2 risk would be enhanced by a laboratory phenotype associated with this polymorphism and with the @entity2 risk. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of FXIII @entity5 , FXIII activity and subunit levels on venous @entity2 risk in a large case-control study, The Leiden @entity1 study (LETS). We found higher FXIII activity for 34Leu carriers (Leu/Leu: 158.0, @entity4 / @entity4 : 95.0). FXIII subunit levels were not associated with genotype. Higher FXIII activity was associated with a slightly decreased @entity2 risk [Odds ratio (OR): 0.8, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.5-1.3]. This effect was not present for elevated FXIII subunit levels. Higher FXIII activity was also associated with a higher dissociation index (percentage A2B2 complex dissociated after activation by thrombin for a fixed time interval). This index was higher for FXIII 34Leu carriers. The risk of @entity3 was slightly decreased for carriers of the 34Leu allele [OR: 0.9 (95%CI: 0.7-1.1)]. For homozygous 34Leu carriers the OR was 0.7 (95%CI: 0.4-1.3). This finding, suggesting a weak protective effect, was completely restricted to @entity0 . An overall estimate of @entity2 risk was calculated by using earlier reports on the risk of FXIII @entity5 . The overall risk estimate for homozygous 34Leu carriers was 0.8 (95%CI: 0.6-1.0). In this study, a weak protective effect against @entity1 was found, of FXIII 34Leu as well as of increased FXIII activity.

title: Factor XIII @entity5 polymorphism, factor XIII antigen levels and activity and the risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The tRNA( @entity4 )-methyltransferase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of the modified nucleoside @entity4 (mnm5s2U) present in the wobble position of some tRNAs, was purified close to homogeneity (95% purity). The molecular mass of the enzyme is 79,000 daltons. The enzyme activity has a pH optimum of 8.0-8.5, is inhibited by @entity0 ions, and stimulated by @entity1 ions. Two different intermediates in the biosynthesis of mnm5s2U34 are present in tRNA from the mutants trmC1 and trmC2. Unexpectedly, the product present in tRNA from trmC1 cells was identified by mass spectrometric and chromatographic analyses as @entity5 (cmnm5s2U), i.e. a more complex derivative than the final product mnm5s2U. The product present in tRNA from trmC2 cells was identified as @entity6 (nm5s2U). In the presence of @entity3 the most purified enzyme fraction converts both cmnm5s2U34 and nm5s2U34 into mnm5s2U34. In the absence of @entity3 , however, cmnm5s2U34 is converted into nm5s2U by this enzyme fraction. We conclude that the purified polypeptide has two enzymatic activities; one actually demodifies cmnm5s2U to nm5s2U and the other catalyzes the transfer of a @entity2 group from @entity3 to nm5s2U, thus forming mnm5s2U. The sequential order of the biosynthesis of mnm5s2U34 is suggested to be: (Formula: see text). The molecular activity of the methyltransferase activity (nm5s2U34----mnm5s2U34) is 74 min-1, and the steady state concentration of the enzyme is only 78 molecules/genome equivalent in cells growing at a specific growth rate of 1.0/h.

title: Transfer RNA( XXXX )-methyltransferase from Escherichia coli K-12 has two enzymatic activities.

answer: @entity4


abstract: From 10 endogenous @entity2 and 10 @entity1 alert but relaxed @entity0 closed-eye-EEG's were registered at 8.00 a.m., 12.00 noon, 4.00 p.m., and 8.00 p.m., and recorded on tape for computer processing. Simultaneously each time the body temperature was measured. The findings were compared with corresponding former data of 12 healthy young @entity0 and 10 healthy aged volunteers. RESULTS: The peak-frequency of the @entity1 @entity0 proved to be significantly higher than that of the @entity2 ones, and besides slightly exceeded that of the healthy @entity0 . While in the latter temperature and occipital peak-frequency ascend step by step from the morning to the evening, the @entity2 @entity0 show a resembling increase only in outlines in the peak-frequency, whereas the temperature already decreases from 4.00 p.m. to 8.00 p.m. In the @entity1 @entity0 peak-frequency and temperature and delta-Power reach their acme at 4.00 p.m., but as well the peak-power as the power of alpha- and beta-frequency-bands show a trough just at 4.00 p.m. In the @entity2 @entity0 , on the other hand, alpha-, theta, and delta-frequency-bands mainly have their summits at 12.00 noon. Finely the @entity1 @entity0 stand out by most significant band-power-variations between the distinct daytimes, while uninterrupted gradual increasing is extreme rare. In the @entity2 @entity0 both these events scarcely are found. The healthy volunteers have intermediate positions. All in all the results show, that in @entity2 circadian variations of EEG-parameters appear disorganized, while in mania a modified organization prevails.

title: [Circadian rhythm-related EEG changes in @entity2 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: From 10 endogenous @entity2 and 10 @entity1 alert but relaxed @entity0 closed-eye-EEG's were registered at 8.00 a.m., 12.00 noon, 4.00 p.m., and 8.00 p.m., and recorded on tape for computer processing. Simultaneously each time the body temperature was measured. The findings were compared with corresponding former data of 12 healthy young @entity0 and 10 healthy aged volunteers. RESULTS: The peak-frequency of the @entity1 @entity0 proved to be significantly higher than that of the @entity2 ones, and besides slightly exceeded that of the healthy @entity0 . While in the latter temperature and occipital peak-frequency ascend step by step from the morning to the evening, the @entity2 @entity0 show a resembling increase only in outlines in the peak-frequency, whereas the temperature already decreases from 4.00 p.m. to 8.00 p.m. In the @entity1 @entity0 peak-frequency and temperature and delta-Power reach their acme at 4.00 p.m., but as well the peak-power as the power of alpha- and beta-frequency-bands show a trough just at 4.00 p.m. In the @entity2 @entity0 , on the other hand, alpha-, theta, and delta-frequency-bands mainly have their summits at 12.00 noon. Finely the @entity1 @entity0 stand out by most significant band-power-variations between the distinct daytimes, while uninterrupted gradual increasing is extreme rare. In the @entity2 @entity0 both these events scarcely are found. The healthy volunteers have intermediate positions. All in all the results show, that in @entity2 circadian variations of EEG-parameters appear disorganized, while in mania a modified organization prevails.

title: [Circadian rhythm-related EEG changes in XXXX and @entity1 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: This article explores how myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) may relate to @entity0 ( @entity0 ) in the workplace and what might be done about it. The cause of much @entity0 and @entity2 is often enigmatic to modern medicine and very costly, just as the cause of MTrPs has been elusive for the past century, despite an extensive literature that is confusing because of restricted regional approaches and a seemingly endless variety of names. MTrPs are activated by acute or persistent @entity1 , which is characteristic of @entity0 in the workplace. MTrPs can involve any, and sometimes many, of the skeletal muscles in the body and are a major, complex cause of @entity3 . The clinical and etiological characteristics of MTrPs have been underexplored by investigators, leading to undertraining of health care professionals, underappreciation of their clinical importance. MTrPs have no gold standard diagnostic criterion, and no routinely available laboratory or imaging test. MTrPs require a specific non-routine examination and muscle-specific treatment for prompt relief when acute, and also resolution of perpetuating factors when chronic. After identifying a critical false assumption, electrodiagnostic studies are now making encouraging progress toward clarifying the etiology of MTrPs based on the 5- or 6-step positive-feedback model of the integrated hypothesis. Specific research needs are noted. MTrPs are treatable and they deserve increased attention and consideration by research investigators and clinicians.

title: Review of enigmatic MTrPs as a common cause of XXXX and dysfunction.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The patch-clamp technique was used to investigate the secretory responses of @entity0 peritoneal mast cells at various intracellular @entity2 concentrations ([ @entity1 ]i). When @entity2 was introduced into the cell with pipette-loaded @entity5 , elevation of [ @entity1 ]i into the range 1-10 microM induced membrane capacitance increases indicative of exocytosis in a concentration-dependent manner. At higher concentrations a decrease of the response was observed. Cells that were exposed to micromolar [ @entity1 ]i underwent morphological alterations resulting in swelling, which is indicative of cytoskeletal alterations. The presence of @entity5 (4 mM) strongly inhibited secretion induced by @entity4 -gamma-S, thus hampering the contribution of G-protein-mediated stimulation. Application of the @entity1 ionophore @entity3 resulted in transient increases in [ @entity1 ]i which were parallelled by @entity1 -dependent secretion. Effective buffering of the cytosolic @entity2 level below 1 microM abolished the secretory response. Our results show that an increase in [ @entity1 ]i can trigger secretion, but only if it is high and sustained. During physiological stimulation, however, secretion proceeds at [ @entity1 ]i below 1 microM. It is, therefore, concluded that mast cell degranulation under physiological conditions is not simply a result of an increase in [ @entity1 ]i, but that other second messenger systems in conjunction with @entity2 act synergistically in order to ensure fast and efficient secretion.

title: Secretory responses of @entity0 peritoneal mast cells to high intracellular XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The patch-clamp technique was used to investigate the secretory responses of @entity0 peritoneal mast cells at various intracellular @entity2 concentrations ([ @entity1 ]i). When @entity2 was introduced into the cell with pipette-loaded @entity5 , elevation of [ @entity1 ]i into the range 1-10 microM induced membrane capacitance increases indicative of exocytosis in a concentration-dependent manner. At higher concentrations a decrease of the response was observed. Cells that were exposed to micromolar [ @entity1 ]i underwent morphological alterations resulting in swelling, which is indicative of cytoskeletal alterations. The presence of @entity5 (4 mM) strongly inhibited secretion induced by @entity4 -gamma-S, thus hampering the contribution of G-protein-mediated stimulation. Application of the @entity1 ionophore @entity3 resulted in transient increases in [ @entity1 ]i which were parallelled by @entity1 -dependent secretion. Effective buffering of the cytosolic @entity2 level below 1 microM abolished the secretory response. Our results show that an increase in [ @entity1 ]i can trigger secretion, but only if it is high and sustained. During physiological stimulation, however, secretion proceeds at [ @entity1 ]i below 1 microM. It is, therefore, concluded that mast cell degranulation under physiological conditions is not simply a result of an increase in [ @entity1 ]i, but that other second messenger systems in conjunction with @entity2 act synergistically in order to ensure fast and efficient secretion.

title: Secretory responses of XXXX peritoneal mast cells to high intracellular @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 with @entity2 are being over investigated because of the fear of missing @entity1 . This study aimed to identify the percentage of @entity0 <45 years of age who undergo flexible sigmoidoscopy for @entity2 , and to assess and compare the incidence of @entity1 and @entity3 above and below this age. METHODS: @entity0 who underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy for @entity2 between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2002 were reviewed. @entity0 were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of @entity0 aged >or=45 years and group 2 @entity0 <45 years. The histopathology of biopsy specimens taken was also studied. RESULTS: Altogether 18.9% of the @entity0 who had flexible sigmoidoscopy for @entity2 were <45 years. The incidence of @entity1 in group 1 was 3.5%; all these cases were confirmed on histopathology. Only one @entity0 in group 2 was diagnosed with @entity1 on flexible sigmoidoscopy, but the histopathology disproved it. The incidence of @entity3 was 16.6% in group 1 and 7.9% in group 2. Following histopathology, the incidence of @entity4 was 6.8% in group 1 and 2.1% in group 2. There was a significant difference between the two groups, with a p value of <0.0001. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity1 and @entity4 in @entity0 aged <45 years with @entity2 is very low. A flexible sigmoidoscopy costs approximately pound 330. If new guidelines are implemented considering the age of the @entity0 , considerable cost savings could be made, and the available resources could be appropriately used in groups with high incidences of @entity1 .

title: Audit on flexible sigmoidoscopy for XXXX in a district general hospital: are we over-loading the resources?

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 is a @entity1 characterized by flattened villi and crypt @entity2 , often with @entity5 . Improvement occurs with a gluten-free diet. Sensitive and specific assays (eg, immunoglobulin A antibodies to @entity4 [ @entity4 ]) that can be quantified appear to be valuable tools for population screening studies. In addition, their use is expanding widely in the clinical practice arena, being employed as a method of case finding. In this evaluation, clinical use of a commercially available test kit was explored. Of 1330 samples submitted to our hospital laboratory by physicians in British Columbia, Alberta and the Yukon Territory (from 1999 to 2003, inclusive), 96 @entity0 (7%) had increased values (normal range greater than 20 units) and markedly increased levels greater than 100 units were detected in 36 @entity0 (3%). Of these, 14 @entity0 (almost 40%) were referred to gastroenterologists in our hospital and all 14 had small intestinal biopsies. Of these, three @entity0 (more than 20%) did not have @entity3 . Two had normal small bowel biopsies and one had unclassified @entity3 that failed to respond to a gluten-free diet. The other 11 had biopsy-defined @entity3 . While the @entity4 assay may be a useful predictor of @entity3 , small intestinal biopsy is still required to confirm the diagnosis. In clinical practice, even strongly positive @entity4 results are not specific in individual @entity0 , do not necessarily correlate with the degree of severity of biopsy change and, as a result, are also unlikely to be useful for monitoring diet compliance.

title: Strongly positive XXXX antibody assays without @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 is a @entity1 characterized by flattened villi and crypt @entity2 , often with @entity5 . Improvement occurs with a gluten-free diet. Sensitive and specific assays (eg, immunoglobulin A antibodies to @entity4 [ @entity4 ]) that can be quantified appear to be valuable tools for population screening studies. In addition, their use is expanding widely in the clinical practice arena, being employed as a method of case finding. In this evaluation, clinical use of a commercially available test kit was explored. Of 1330 samples submitted to our hospital laboratory by physicians in British Columbia, Alberta and the Yukon Territory (from 1999 to 2003, inclusive), 96 @entity0 (7%) had increased values (normal range greater than 20 units) and markedly increased levels greater than 100 units were detected in 36 @entity0 (3%). Of these, 14 @entity0 (almost 40%) were referred to gastroenterologists in our hospital and all 14 had small intestinal biopsies. Of these, three @entity0 (more than 20%) did not have @entity3 . Two had normal small bowel biopsies and one had unclassified @entity3 that failed to respond to a gluten-free diet. The other 11 had biopsy-defined @entity3 . While the @entity4 assay may be a useful predictor of @entity3 , small intestinal biopsy is still required to confirm the diagnosis. In clinical practice, even strongly positive @entity4 results are not specific in individual @entity0 , do not necessarily correlate with the degree of severity of biopsy change and, as a result, are also unlikely to be useful for monitoring diet compliance.

title: Strongly positive @entity4 antibody assays without XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To investigate the tryptase and @entity1 release ability of @entity0 colon mast cells upon IgE dependent or independent activation and the potential mechanisms. METHODS: Enzymatically dispersed cells from @entity0 colons were challenged with anti-IgE or @entity2 ionophore @entity4 , and the cell supernatants after challenge were collected. Both concentration dependent and time course studies with anti-IgE or @entity2 ionophore @entity4 were performed. Tryptase release was determined with a sandwich ELISA procedure and @entity1 release was measured using a glass fibre-based fluorometric assay. RESULTS: Both anti-IgE and @entity2 ionophore were able to induce dose dependent release of @entity1 from colon mast cells with up to approximately 60% and 25% net @entity1 release being achieved with 1 microg/mL @entity2 ionophore and 10 microg/mL anti-IgE, respectively. Dose dependent release of tryptase was also observed with up to approximately 19 ng/mL and 21 ng/mL release of tryptase being achieved with 10 microg/mL anti-IgE and 1 microg/mL @entity2 ionophore, respectively. Time course study revealed that both tryptase and @entity1 release from colon mast cells stimulated by anti-IgE initiated within 10 sec and reached their maximum release at 6 min following challenge. Pretreatment of cells with metabolic inhibitors abolished the actions of anti-IgE as well as @entity2 ionophore. Tryptase and @entity1 release, particularly that induced by @entity2 ionophore was inhibited by pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin. CONCLUSION: Both anti-IgE and @entity2 ionophore are able to induce significant release of tryptase and @entity1 from colon mast cells, indicating that this cell type is likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity3 and other mast cell associated intestinal diseases.

title: Induction of tryptase and XXXX release from @entity0 colon mast cells by IgE dependent or independent mechanisms.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To investigate the tryptase and @entity1 release ability of @entity0 colon mast cells upon IgE dependent or independent activation and the potential mechanisms. METHODS: Enzymatically dispersed cells from @entity0 colons were challenged with anti-IgE or @entity2 ionophore @entity4 , and the cell supernatants after challenge were collected. Both concentration dependent and time course studies with anti-IgE or @entity2 ionophore @entity4 were performed. Tryptase release was determined with a sandwich ELISA procedure and @entity1 release was measured using a glass fibre-based fluorometric assay. RESULTS: Both anti-IgE and @entity2 ionophore were able to induce dose dependent release of @entity1 from colon mast cells with up to approximately 60% and 25% net @entity1 release being achieved with 1 microg/mL @entity2 ionophore and 10 microg/mL anti-IgE, respectively. Dose dependent release of tryptase was also observed with up to approximately 19 ng/mL and 21 ng/mL release of tryptase being achieved with 10 microg/mL anti-IgE and 1 microg/mL @entity2 ionophore, respectively. Time course study revealed that both tryptase and @entity1 release from colon mast cells stimulated by anti-IgE initiated within 10 sec and reached their maximum release at 6 min following challenge. Pretreatment of cells with metabolic inhibitors abolished the actions of anti-IgE as well as @entity2 ionophore. Tryptase and @entity1 release, particularly that induced by @entity2 ionophore was inhibited by pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin. CONCLUSION: Both anti-IgE and @entity2 ionophore are able to induce significant release of tryptase and @entity1 from colon mast cells, indicating that this cell type is likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity3 and other mast cell associated intestinal diseases.

title: Induction of tryptase and @entity1 release from XXXX colon mast cells by IgE dependent or independent mechanisms.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: An investigation into @entity2 and @entity1 in Veszprem Province was conducted from 1977 to 2001. METHODS: Both hospital and outpatient records were collected and reviewed comprehensively. The majority of @entity0 were followed up regularly. RESULTS: The population of the province was decreased from 386,000 to 376,000 during the period. Five hundred sixty new cases of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), 212 of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and 40 of indeterminate @entity5 (IC) were diagnosed. The incidence rates increased from 1.66 to 11.01 cases per 100,000 @entity0 for @entity4 , from 0.41 to 4.68 for @entity3 and from 0.26 to 0.74 for IC. The prevalence rate at the end of 2001 was 142.6 for @entity4 and 52.9 cases per 100,000 @entity0 for @entity3 . The peak onset age in @entity4 @entity0 was between 30 and 40 years, in @entity3 between 20 and 30 years. A family history of @entity6 was present in 3.4 % in @entity4 and 9.9 % in @entity3 @entity0 . Smoking increased the risk for @entity3 (OR=1.98) while it decreased the risk for @entity4 (OR=0.25). Twelve @entity1 were observed in this cohort, the cumulative @entity1 risk after 10 years in @entity4 was 2%, after 20 years 8.8%, after 30 years 13.3%. CONCLUSION: The incidence and prevalence rates of @entity6 have increased steadily in Veszprem Province, now equivalent to that in Western European countries. Rapid increase in incidence rates supports a probable role for environmental factors. The rate of @entity1 in @entity6 is similar to that observed in Western countries.

title: Striking elevation in incidence and prevalence of XXXX in a province of western Hungary between 1977-2001.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of @entity5 (LNF) using 100 mg/week in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: @entity0 who were clinically active using the American College of Rheumatology criteria for @entity3 were enrolled. They received a loading dose of 100 mg of LFN for 3 days, followed by 100 mg of LFN weekly. Efficacy and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were recorded. RESULTS: Fifty @entity0 were enrolled; 46 (93.6%) were @entity0 with a mean age of 45.6 years (range: 24 to 83). Disease duration was 3.7 years (range: 0.5 to 12). Twenty @entity0 (40.8%) had previously taken disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. Outcomes achieved after 24 weeks of treatment were as follows: ACR20 (74%), ACR50 (64%), and ACR70 (28%). Five @entity0 were withdrawn due to @entity2 : 2 due to @entity1 , 2 @entity0 had elevated liver enzymes, and one had @entity4 . Six @entity0 (12%) were lost to followup. No severe @entity2 were seen. CONCLUSION: The results in our preliminary report indicate that using a 100 mg/week dose achieves a similar benefit to the LFN 20 mg/day treatment, and there were no severe @entity2 . In addition, a single LFN weekly dose has better treatment compliance. A secondary important benefit is the reduction of the monthly cost of medication. Comparative and blind trials are necessary in order to confirm longterm improvement and benefits on this regimen.

title: XXXX treatment with weekly @entity5 : an open-label study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of @entity5 (LNF) using 100 mg/week in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: @entity0 who were clinically active using the American College of Rheumatology criteria for @entity3 were enrolled. They received a loading dose of 100 mg of LFN for 3 days, followed by 100 mg of LFN weekly. Efficacy and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were recorded. RESULTS: Fifty @entity0 were enrolled; 46 (93.6%) were @entity0 with a mean age of 45.6 years (range: 24 to 83). Disease duration was 3.7 years (range: 0.5 to 12). Twenty @entity0 (40.8%) had previously taken disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. Outcomes achieved after 24 weeks of treatment were as follows: ACR20 (74%), ACR50 (64%), and ACR70 (28%). Five @entity0 were withdrawn due to @entity2 : 2 due to @entity1 , 2 @entity0 had elevated liver enzymes, and one had @entity4 . Six @entity0 (12%) were lost to followup. No severe @entity2 were seen. CONCLUSION: The results in our preliminary report indicate that using a 100 mg/week dose achieves a similar benefit to the LFN 20 mg/day treatment, and there were no severe @entity2 . In addition, a single LFN weekly dose has better treatment compliance. A secondary important benefit is the reduction of the monthly cost of medication. Comparative and blind trials are necessary in order to confirm longterm improvement and benefits on this regimen.

title: @entity3 treatment with weekly XXXX : an open-label study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The frequency and pattern of T gamma gene rearrangement and expression was investigated in @entity3 including T and B lymphoid and @entity0 . 39 of 39 @entity1 , including fresh cases and cell lines, were found to display clonal T gamma gene rearrangements. There was heterogeneity with respect to utilization of the two T gamma constant region genes, T gamma C1 and T gamma C2. In 31 cases (80%) T gamma C1 was deleted and T gamma C2 was rearranged, while in the remaining 8 cases (20%) T gamma C1 was rearranged. T gamma gene rearrangements were found in non-T cells, but were restricted to 6/17 (35%) immature B cell neoplasms. All 24 mature B cell and 14 @entity0 retained the T gamma germ line pattern. T gamma mRNA was found in all T cells tested. However, the majority (16/17) of T cells most likely do not express a T gamma protein since a T alpha/beta heterodimer detected by reactivity with the MoAb WT31 is present on the cell surface together with T3. These data suggest that T gamma gene rearrangements are universal in T cells and frequent in immature B cell neoplastic populations. However, expression of the T gamma protein is extremely infrequent, indicating that @entity2 are very rarely derived from the recently identified T3+T gamma +T alpha/beta- peripheral T cell population.

title: Patterns of T cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement and expression in B and T XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Calotropis procera is known to produce @entity6 and the latex of this plant produces intense @entity1 when injected locally. However, the precise mode of its pro-inflammatory effect is not known. In present study we have pharmacologically characterized the @entity1 induced by latex of C. procera in a @entity2 paw @entity0 model and determined the role of @entity3 in latex-induced @entity1 . METHODS: Inflammation was induced in the hind paw of @entity2 by injecting different doses of dried latex (DL) of C. procera. The inhibitory effect of @entity8 , @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity10 and compound 48/80 on @entity0 volume was evaluated and compared with that against carrageenan. The @entity3 content of DL was measured fluorometrically. RESULTS: DL produced dose-dependent @entity1 of the @entity2 paw. @entity7 and @entity10 effectively inhibited DL-induced @entity1 (90%; p < 0.01), while anti-inflammatory drugs @entity8 , @entity4 and @entity9 were more effective against carrageenan-induced @entity1 . Depletion of mast cell @entity3 by compound 48/80 produced a significant decrease in DL-induced @entity1 as compared with carrageenan (500% versus 25%). DL was also found to contain about 6 microg/g of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Thus, our study shows that the biogenic @entity5 play a significant role in C. procera latex-induced @entity1 and antihistaminic drugs could be effectively used to inhibit inflammatory response elicited by exposure to latex.

title: XXXX mediates the pro-inflammatory effect of latex of Calotropis procera in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Calotropis procera is known to produce @entity6 and the latex of this plant produces intense @entity1 when injected locally. However, the precise mode of its pro-inflammatory effect is not known. In present study we have pharmacologically characterized the @entity1 induced by latex of C. procera in a @entity2 paw @entity0 model and determined the role of @entity3 in latex-induced @entity1 . METHODS: Inflammation was induced in the hind paw of @entity2 by injecting different doses of dried latex (DL) of C. procera. The inhibitory effect of @entity8 , @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity10 and compound 48/80 on @entity0 volume was evaluated and compared with that against carrageenan. The @entity3 content of DL was measured fluorometrically. RESULTS: DL produced dose-dependent @entity1 of the @entity2 paw. @entity7 and @entity10 effectively inhibited DL-induced @entity1 (90%; p < 0.01), while anti-inflammatory drugs @entity8 , @entity4 and @entity9 were more effective against carrageenan-induced @entity1 . Depletion of mast cell @entity3 by compound 48/80 produced a significant decrease in DL-induced @entity1 as compared with carrageenan (500% versus 25%). DL was also found to contain about 6 microg/g of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Thus, our study shows that the biogenic @entity5 play a significant role in C. procera latex-induced @entity1 and antihistaminic drugs could be effectively used to inhibit inflammatory response elicited by exposure to latex.

title: @entity3 mediates the pro-inflammatory effect of latex of Calotropis procera in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriatic plaques have been shown to contain increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, @entity5 , @entity2 , and @entity1 have been reported elevated in psoriatic @entity0 . AIM: To evaluate serum cytokine profiles in @entity4 @entity0 by improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique and to correlate these levels with disease severity. METHODS: We analyzed single serum samples from 10 @entity0 with active untreated @entity4 , two @entity0 with active treated @entity4 , and five healthy volunteers for major T helper type 1 and T helper type 2 cytokines using the LINCOplex ELISA multi-analyte detection system that permits simultaneous detection of multiple cytokines from a single sample. The disease severity, including erythema, induration, scale, and surface area, was assessed. RESULTS: @entity1 was markedly elevated in all sera from @entity4 @entity0 , 33.8 +/- 1.3 pg/ml (mean +/- standard error) versus 8 +/- 1.5 pg/ml for normal controls (p < 0.01), and positively correlated with all indices of disease severity (Spearman r > 0.6). @entity2 was also increased in @entity4 @entity0 (24.4 +/- 1.8 pg/ml) versus normal controls (3.6 +/- 1.2 pg/ml) (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with the degree of erythema (Spearman r > 0.6). Mean IL-12 levels were decreased in sera from @entity4 @entity0 (8.5 +/- 1.2 pg/ml) compared with normal controls (42.2 +/- 5.3 pg/ml) (p < 0.01). Also, serum @entity3 levels were below detection levels in psoriatics compared with controls (6.4 +/- 1.3 pg/ml). CONCLUSIONS: This new ELISA system allowed rapid and reliable detection of numerous cytokines in single serum samples from @entity0 with @entity4 . We observed that @entity1 and @entity2 cytokines were elevated in psoriatics and correlated with parameters of disease severity while @entity3 and IL-12 were decreased.

title: Simultaneous measurement of multiple Th1 and Th2 serum cytokines in XXXX and correlation with disease severity.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Fetal @entity0 (n = 13) were chronically instrumented to measure temperatures in the maternal femoral artery (MAT), the amniotic fluid (AFT), the fetal brown adipose tissue (BFT) and the fetal arterial blood (DAT). Cooling loops were inserted into the amniotic cavity. In 4 fetuses osmotic minipumps delivering @entity3 (T3) were implanted subcutaneously. One to seven days after surgery the following results were obtained: 1) During control DAT was 0.59 +/- 0.2 degrees C (SD), BFT 0.60 +/- 0.24 degrees C and AFT 0.38 +/- 0.31 degrees C higher than MAT. T3 levels in treated fetuses were 3.4 +/- 1.5 micrograms/l. 2) Infusion of @entity1 (NE) (5.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/min per kg fetal body weight) with @entity5 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) into a fetal vein did not change temperatures. 3) During cooling (-53 +/- 15 W) MAT decreased 0.45 +/- 0.3 degrees C, DAT 1.9 +/- 0.39 degrees C, BFT 1.61 +/- 0.52 degrees C and AFT 4.2 +/- 1.8 degrees C. 4) The amniotic fluid was cooled until steady state temperatures were achieved. Then @entity2 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) or @entity4 (3 +/- 1 mg/kg) were introduced into the fetal vein. No consistent and significant changes of temperatures could be detected. It is concluded that 1) lowering the fetal core temperature by 1.6 - 1.9 degrees C and its ambient temperature (AFT) by 4.2 degrees C does not induce shivering or non-shivering thermogenesis suppressible by pharmacologic agents, 2) thermogenesis in fetal brown adipose tissue cannot be induced by NE (with or without supplemention of T3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Fetal XXXX temperatures in utero during cooling and application of @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Fetal @entity0 (n = 13) were chronically instrumented to measure temperatures in the maternal femoral artery (MAT), the amniotic fluid (AFT), the fetal brown adipose tissue (BFT) and the fetal arterial blood (DAT). Cooling loops were inserted into the amniotic cavity. In 4 fetuses osmotic minipumps delivering @entity3 (T3) were implanted subcutaneously. One to seven days after surgery the following results were obtained: 1) During control DAT was 0.59 +/- 0.2 degrees C (SD), BFT 0.60 +/- 0.24 degrees C and AFT 0.38 +/- 0.31 degrees C higher than MAT. T3 levels in treated fetuses were 3.4 +/- 1.5 micrograms/l. 2) Infusion of @entity1 (NE) (5.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/min per kg fetal body weight) with @entity5 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) into a fetal vein did not change temperatures. 3) During cooling (-53 +/- 15 W) MAT decreased 0.45 +/- 0.3 degrees C, DAT 1.9 +/- 0.39 degrees C, BFT 1.61 +/- 0.52 degrees C and AFT 4.2 +/- 1.8 degrees C. 4) The amniotic fluid was cooled until steady state temperatures were achieved. Then @entity2 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) or @entity4 (3 +/- 1 mg/kg) were introduced into the fetal vein. No consistent and significant changes of temperatures could be detected. It is concluded that 1) lowering the fetal core temperature by 1.6 - 1.9 degrees C and its ambient temperature (AFT) by 4.2 degrees C does not induce shivering or non-shivering thermogenesis suppressible by pharmacologic agents, 2) thermogenesis in fetal brown adipose tissue cannot be induced by NE (with or without supplemention of T3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Fetal @entity0 temperatures in utero during cooling and application of @entity3 , @entity1 , XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fetal @entity0 (n = 13) were chronically instrumented to measure temperatures in the maternal femoral artery (MAT), the amniotic fluid (AFT), the fetal brown adipose tissue (BFT) and the fetal arterial blood (DAT). Cooling loops were inserted into the amniotic cavity. In 4 fetuses osmotic minipumps delivering @entity3 (T3) were implanted subcutaneously. One to seven days after surgery the following results were obtained: 1) During control DAT was 0.59 +/- 0.2 degrees C (SD), BFT 0.60 +/- 0.24 degrees C and AFT 0.38 +/- 0.31 degrees C higher than MAT. T3 levels in treated fetuses were 3.4 +/- 1.5 micrograms/l. 2) Infusion of @entity1 (NE) (5.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/min per kg fetal body weight) with @entity5 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) into a fetal vein did not change temperatures. 3) During cooling (-53 +/- 15 W) MAT decreased 0.45 +/- 0.3 degrees C, DAT 1.9 +/- 0.39 degrees C, BFT 1.61 +/- 0.52 degrees C and AFT 4.2 +/- 1.8 degrees C. 4) The amniotic fluid was cooled until steady state temperatures were achieved. Then @entity2 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) or @entity4 (3 +/- 1 mg/kg) were introduced into the fetal vein. No consistent and significant changes of temperatures could be detected. It is concluded that 1) lowering the fetal core temperature by 1.6 - 1.9 degrees C and its ambient temperature (AFT) by 4.2 degrees C does not induce shivering or non-shivering thermogenesis suppressible by pharmacologic agents, 2) thermogenesis in fetal brown adipose tissue cannot be induced by NE (with or without supplemention of T3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Fetal @entity0 temperatures in utero during cooling and application of @entity3 , XXXX , @entity2 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Fetal @entity0 (n = 13) were chronically instrumented to measure temperatures in the maternal femoral artery (MAT), the amniotic fluid (AFT), the fetal brown adipose tissue (BFT) and the fetal arterial blood (DAT). Cooling loops were inserted into the amniotic cavity. In 4 fetuses osmotic minipumps delivering @entity3 (T3) were implanted subcutaneously. One to seven days after surgery the following results were obtained: 1) During control DAT was 0.59 +/- 0.2 degrees C (SD), BFT 0.60 +/- 0.24 degrees C and AFT 0.38 +/- 0.31 degrees C higher than MAT. T3 levels in treated fetuses were 3.4 +/- 1.5 micrograms/l. 2) Infusion of @entity1 (NE) (5.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/min per kg fetal body weight) with @entity5 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) into a fetal vein did not change temperatures. 3) During cooling (-53 +/- 15 W) MAT decreased 0.45 +/- 0.3 degrees C, DAT 1.9 +/- 0.39 degrees C, BFT 1.61 +/- 0.52 degrees C and AFT 4.2 +/- 1.8 degrees C. 4) The amniotic fluid was cooled until steady state temperatures were achieved. Then @entity2 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) or @entity4 (3 +/- 1 mg/kg) were introduced into the fetal vein. No consistent and significant changes of temperatures could be detected. It is concluded that 1) lowering the fetal core temperature by 1.6 - 1.9 degrees C and its ambient temperature (AFT) by 4.2 degrees C does not induce shivering or non-shivering thermogenesis suppressible by pharmacologic agents, 2) thermogenesis in fetal brown adipose tissue cannot be induced by NE (with or without supplemention of T3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Fetal @entity0 temperatures in utero during cooling and application of XXXX , @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fetal @entity0 (n = 13) were chronically instrumented to measure temperatures in the maternal femoral artery (MAT), the amniotic fluid (AFT), the fetal brown adipose tissue (BFT) and the fetal arterial blood (DAT). Cooling loops were inserted into the amniotic cavity. In 4 fetuses osmotic minipumps delivering @entity3 (T3) were implanted subcutaneously. One to seven days after surgery the following results were obtained: 1) During control DAT was 0.59 +/- 0.2 degrees C (SD), BFT 0.60 +/- 0.24 degrees C and AFT 0.38 +/- 0.31 degrees C higher than MAT. T3 levels in treated fetuses were 3.4 +/- 1.5 micrograms/l. 2) Infusion of @entity1 (NE) (5.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/min per kg fetal body weight) with @entity5 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) into a fetal vein did not change temperatures. 3) During cooling (-53 +/- 15 W) MAT decreased 0.45 +/- 0.3 degrees C, DAT 1.9 +/- 0.39 degrees C, BFT 1.61 +/- 0.52 degrees C and AFT 4.2 +/- 1.8 degrees C. 4) The amniotic fluid was cooled until steady state temperatures were achieved. Then @entity2 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) or @entity4 (3 +/- 1 mg/kg) were introduced into the fetal vein. No consistent and significant changes of temperatures could be detected. It is concluded that 1) lowering the fetal core temperature by 1.6 - 1.9 degrees C and its ambient temperature (AFT) by 4.2 degrees C does not induce shivering or non-shivering thermogenesis suppressible by pharmacologic agents, 2) thermogenesis in fetal brown adipose tissue cannot be induced by NE (with or without supplemention of T3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Fetal @entity0 temperatures in utero during cooling and application of @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rotavirus @entity1 (RNI) is frequent in pediatric units. This study was designed to determine the incidence and the main risk factors of RNI in @entity0 aged 3 months-3 years and admitted for at least 48 hours days during the epidemic period. @entity0 AND METHODS: A stool sample was obtained within the 24 hours of admission. An additional sample was collected from rotavirus-negative @entity0 either the day of discharge, or when they developed abnormal clinical signs. Parents were contacted by phone after discharge. @entity0 initially rotavirus-negative and positive 2 days or more after admission were considered as certain nosocomial cases. In the absence of the second sample, possible nosocomial cases were considered if new symptoms (i.e.; fever and or digestive symptoms) occurred 2 days or more after the first negative sample. RESULTS: One hundred and seventeen @entity0 were included. The incidence was 11.1% for certain NRI, 16.8% for possible hospital-acquired cases and 19.4% for the whole cases. Possible risk factors were the low number of nurses during the weekend, the great number of medicine students in the unit, and no use of individual material. CONCLUSION: NRI have a high incidence, whose reality can only be approximated by taking into account the possible NRI occurring at home after hospital-discharge.

title: [Rotavirus XXXX in pediatric units. A multicentric observation study].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Despite a growing body of investigations documenting the coexistence of substance use and other @entity2 in a variety of @entity0 populations, no data about comorbidity in the inpatient mental health system in Alaska have been published in scientific journals, and only limited data exist nationwide about coexistence rates in public @entity2 hospitals. METHODS: A retrospective population based study was performed on the entire population of @entity2 @entity0 hospitalized at Alaska Psychiatric Institute (API) between 1993 and 2001. To explore rates of comorbidity, 5,862 @entity0 (who accrued 10,656 visits) were classified according to their diagnostic status; to explore clinical and socio-demographic difference between @entity0 with and without @entity1 , univariate analyses were calculated. RESULTS: The study revealed startlingly high rates of comorbidity that have been rising steadily since the early 1990's. In fact, comorbidity has become the rule, not the exception, among @entity0 receiving services at API, with over 60% presenting with coexisting substance use symptoms. Complicating issues even further, these comorbid @entity0 presented with more complex social and interpersonal circumstances, more complex clinical issues, different courses of treatment, and greater symptom complexity than @entity2 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: 1.) Individual @entity0 level--Providers for @entity2 inpatients must become more prepared to deal with coexisting substance abuse symptoms; policy makers must become more aware of the need for such @entity0 to have smooth transitions from mental health to substance abuse treatment systems. 2.) Systemic-administrative level--Educators must better prepare providers to deal with this challenging clientele.

title: Rates and sequelae of the coexistence of substance use and other XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The authors report the case of a 49-year-old female with a history of @entity2 who underwent valve surgery in 1997, with implantation of St. Jude prosthetic valves in aortic and mitral position. She was asymptomatic until the end of July 2001, when she was admitted to Garcia de Orta Hospital emergency unit because of @entity3 , fever and suspicion of @entity4 . Cardiologic evaluation was requested and the transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE) echocardiograms revealed @entity1 on the prosthetic mitral valve. Blood cultures were negative. She started empiric antibiotic therapy and the clinical course stabilized in the first week. After ten days of medical therapy her symptoms became worse and TTE and TEE were repeated. TTE showed significant left ventricular-aortic gradient, suggesting @entity5 . Decreased left ventricular function was now present with @entity6 in the anterior descending coronary artery territory. In the TEE, a large thrombotic process on the mitral prosthesis valve was seen, with a prosthesis disk blocked. There were similar findings in the aortic valve. Cardiac fluoroscopic images were obtained at the mitral and aortic position confirming the TEE report. The coronary angiogram was normal. Promptly transferred to a cardiac surgery center, the @entity0 underwent aortic and mitral prosthetic valve replacement. The intraoperative findings were compatible with those from echocardiography and cardiac fluoroscopy.

title: Thrombosis and XXXX in prosthetic heart valves, a case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We conducted a 4-year retrospective study (1996-1999) in order to assess the abdominal events in @entity0 on @entity3 ( @entity3 ), as well as the technique failure and the death incidence. We enrolled 127 @entity0 in two french dialysis centers, who presented 9 enteric @entity3 (13.2% of the total @entity3 episodes), occurring 7.6 +/- 7.9 months after @entity3 treatment. Surgery (8 @entity0 ) and definitive technique failure (7 @entity0 ) were necessary. @entity6 were the most frequent with 32.6% of the total abdominal complications. They were either umbilical (7 @entity0 ), or inguinal (5 @entity0 ) or hiatal (3 @entity0 ). Six @entity0 continued on @entity3 without disruption whereas 6 @entity0 had a transient stop and thereafter returned to @entity3 . The other abdominal complications such as @entity4 (5 @entity0 ), oesophagogastric reflux (5 @entity0 ), @entity5 (9 @entity0 ) occurred during @entity3 treatment without any relationship with the treatment modality. In the @entity1 population, abdominal complications were not more frequent but they took place more quickly than in the non @entity1 population (5.5 +/- 3.8 months versus 12.9 +/- 16.3 months with p < 0.01). A rapid diagnosis, especially in case of enteric @entity3 , is mandatory to avoid "abdominal catastrophes" mainly due to @entity2 . The incidence of @entity6 could be decreased if a good clinical approach is effective before @entity3 treatment.

title: [Abdominal complications in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: We used a subcutaneously administered @entity1 for 21 to 26 days prior to menotropin stimulation, to suppress endogenous LH surges in four @entity0 participating in IVF. @entity1 -pretreated cycles were compared with previous menotropin treatment cycles. Endogenous LH surges were successfully suppressed in all @entity0 . Peak E2 levels and ultrasonographic parameters of follicular development were comparable in the two treatment groups. Exogenous gonadotropin requirements were increased 2- to 4-fold in @entity1 pretreated cycles (P less than 0.05). Ovum recovery rates were not improved by adjuvant LA. These studies indicate that there was an increased ovarian requirement for exogenous gonadotropins as a result of @entity1 therapy. It has to be considered that this may be a direct effect of @entity1 upon the ovary. Alternatively, the absence of endogenous pituitary support in @entity1 -treated @entity0 may account for the increased gonadotropin requirement. Finally, it is possible that this effect is indigenous to this select @entity0 population of poor responders to menotropin stimulation, or to a specific effect of subcutaneously (as opposed to intranasally) administered @entity1 on the ovary. Further studies are needed to clarify the extent to which any or all of these postulated mechanisms may be influencing ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropins after subcutaneous @entity1 pretreatment.

title: Exogenous gonadotropin requirements are increased in leuprolide suppressed XXXX undergoing ovarian stimulation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Total parenteral nutrition may be responsible for @entity2 and @entity4 which might possibly be related to @entity2 . Gallbladder motility has not yet been studied during constant-rate enteral nutrition. We performed serial ultrasonographic studies of gallbladder volume and contents in ten @entity0 receiving constant-rate enteral nutrition during 35 +/- 17 days. Each @entity0 had two weekly examinations at 9 AM and 2 PM on the same day. None of the @entity0 developed @entity2 or @entity4 . The gallbladder was frequently seen to be contracted. Mean gallbladder volume during constant-rate enteral nutrition was not significantly different from mean gallbladder volume after Bladex. Individual gallbladder volume changed significantly from one measurement to another. This study showed that @entity3 is preserved during constant-rate enteral nutrition. The persistence of @entity2 may prevent the development of @entity1 ad @entity4 .

title: [Ultrasonic study of XXXX during exclusive continuous enteral feeding].

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: In the last ten years validation of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) concept has led to modification of the surgical approach for @entity0 with intermediate-risk @entity4 . METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Forty-eight @entity0 affected by @entity4 with a Breslow thickness between 0.65 and 4 mm were enrolled in the study. Approximately 2 mCi of radiotracer and 1 mL of vital blue dye were injected in each @entity0 around the site of the @entity3 . Lymphoscintigraphy was performed until the lymphatic basin and the respective SLN were localized. The whole surgical procedure consisted of enlargement of the surgical margins followed by localization and excision of the SLN(s) by using both radiotracer and vital dye. Whenever the SLN proved to be histologically positive for @entity1 , complete regional lymphadenectomy was performed. RESULTS: Within 15 minutes of radiotracer administration the lymphatic basin was localized in all 4 @entity0 by lymphoscintigraphy. Vital dye and radiotracer successfully allowed SLN localization and excision in 46 of 48 @entity0 (97%); in one case the SLN was detected by radiotracer alone. The SLN proved to be metastatic in six (13%) of 46 evaluable @entity0 ; interestingly, in three of them the presence of metastatic cells was revealed only by immunohistochemistry. All @entity0 with @entity2 -positive SLNs had primary lesions with a Breslow thickness = 2 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Sentinel lymphadenectomy is able to identify lymph node involvement in @entity0 with @entity4 with a Breslow thickness > 1 mm, thus avoiding the risks associated with radical regional lymphadenectomy. Lymphoscintigraphy proved to be an important tool to obtain correct preoperative localization of the drainage basin, especially for @entity4 located on the face and trunk.

title: Sentinel lymphadenectomy in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity4 (MAC) are closely related @entity2 that have caused public concern in the UK following media reports of apparent clusters of cases. An extensive search was carried out to identify potential cases, and diagnoses were confirmed by ophthalmological review. Despite this effort, it was recognised that some cases would remain unidentified. Capture-recapture methods could improve the accuracy of the study's birth prevalence estimate. METHODS: A register of all @entity0 born with the @entity2 of MAC in Scotland (1981-96) was compiled. This identified 188 cases from eight national ascertainment sources. The methods described by Hook and Regal were used to determine possible estimates for each source. A log-linear method of capture-recapture was used to fit a model to the number of @entity0 identified by the different combinations of the eight national sources, and the individual sources were included in the model as main effects. RESULTS: Maximum-likelihood estimates were calculated for tables of captured/not captured by one source versus any other source. The estimated number of unobserved cases for the most complete source, the register of @entity1 for Scotland, and the seven others combined is 78 (95% CI 53-115). Estimates calculated from two different log-linear models of the numbers of cases unobserved by all sources were 61 (95% CI 43-86) and 175 (95% CI 106-287). An external check with an independent @entity1 register in one region, which is known to have high completeness, gave an estimate of 120. The study found a birth prevalence of MAC in Scotland of 1.9/10000, based on total live births during the study period. The capture-recapture analysis suggests that the true birth prevalence lies between 2.4/10 000 and 3.5/10000. DISCUSSION: Our experience shows that, even with multiple sources of ascertainment and considerable resources directed at case identification, a considerable level of under-ascertainment of congenital @entity2 still results, and suggests that the use of capture-recapture analysis would be a useful addition to @entity1 registers for needs assessment, disease-burden estimates and health-service planning.

title: A capture-recapture model to estimate prevalence of @entity0 born in Scotland with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity4 (MAC) are closely related @entity2 that have caused public concern in the UK following media reports of apparent clusters of cases. An extensive search was carried out to identify potential cases, and diagnoses were confirmed by ophthalmological review. Despite this effort, it was recognised that some cases would remain unidentified. Capture-recapture methods could improve the accuracy of the study's birth prevalence estimate. METHODS: A register of all @entity0 born with the @entity2 of MAC in Scotland (1981-96) was compiled. This identified 188 cases from eight national ascertainment sources. The methods described by Hook and Regal were used to determine possible estimates for each source. A log-linear method of capture-recapture was used to fit a model to the number of @entity0 identified by the different combinations of the eight national sources, and the individual sources were included in the model as main effects. RESULTS: Maximum-likelihood estimates were calculated for tables of captured/not captured by one source versus any other source. The estimated number of unobserved cases for the most complete source, the register of @entity1 for Scotland, and the seven others combined is 78 (95% CI 53-115). Estimates calculated from two different log-linear models of the numbers of cases unobserved by all sources were 61 (95% CI 43-86) and 175 (95% CI 106-287). An external check with an independent @entity1 register in one region, which is known to have high completeness, gave an estimate of 120. The study found a birth prevalence of MAC in Scotland of 1.9/10000, based on total live births during the study period. The capture-recapture analysis suggests that the true birth prevalence lies between 2.4/10 000 and 3.5/10000. DISCUSSION: Our experience shows that, even with multiple sources of ascertainment and considerable resources directed at case identification, a considerable level of under-ascertainment of congenital @entity2 still results, and suggests that the use of capture-recapture analysis would be a useful addition to @entity1 registers for needs assessment, disease-burden estimates and health-service planning.

title: A capture-recapture model to estimate prevalence of XXXX born in Scotland with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The ripening-related pepper @entity2 ( @entity2 ) CaCel1 was over-expressed in transgenic @entity0 plants under the control of the constitutive 35S promoter to investigate the effects on plant growth and fruit softening of high levels of a potential cell wall-degrading activity. In transgenic fruit, recombinant CaCel1 protein was associated with a high-salt putative cell wall fraction, and extractable CMCase activity was increased by up to 20-fold relative to controls. However, the effects of high levels of @entity2 activity on fruit cell wall metabolism were relatively small. The largest consequence observed was a decrease of up to 20% in the amount of matrix glycans in a 24% @entity1 -soluble fraction consisting of polysaccharides tightly bound to cellulose. This decrease was confined to polysaccharides other than xyloglucan, did not affect the size distribution of remaining molecules, and was not correlated with a corresponding increase in glycans in a 4% @entity1 -soluble fraction loosely bound to cellulose, suggesting that the missing polymers had been degraded to fragments small enough to be lost from the extracts. The amount of matrix glycans in the 4% @entity1 -soluble fraction was not substantially changed, but the size distribution showed a small relative increase in the amount of polymers in a peak eluting close to a linear dextran marker of 71 kDa. This could be due either to an increase in the amount of polymers of this size, or to a loss from the extract of other polymers present in peaks of higher molecular weight. Transgenic fruit were not softer than controls but appeared the same or slightly firmer at both green and red developmental stages, and no differences in plant vegetative growth were observed. CaCel1 did not cause depolymerization of @entity0 fruit xyloglucan in vivo, but differences in the amount or molecular weight profile of other matrix glycans were observed. The data suggest that degradation of a proportion of matrix glycans other than xyloglucan does not result in fruit softening, and that fruit softening is not limited by the amount of @entity2 activity present during ripening.

title: Constitutive overexpression of a ripening-related pepper endo-1,4-beta-glucanase in transgenic XXXX fruit does not increase xyloglucan depolymerization or fruit softening.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have investigated the effects of insulin and motor denervation on the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase in skeletal muscle. @entity0 epitrochlearis muscles were denervated in vivo 3 days before the contralateral and denervated muscles were incubated in vitro with 32Pi to label sites in glycogen synthase. The @entity2 -labeled synthase was rapidly immunoprecipitated from extracts under conditions which prevented changes in the phosphorylation state of the enzyme. When @entity2 -labeled synthase from contralateral muscles was cleaved with CNBr, essentially all of the @entity2 was recovered in two fragments, denoted @entity3 . Incubating these muscles with insulin decreased the @entity2 content of each fragment by approximately 25%, indicating that the hormone stimulated dephosphorylation of at least two sites. Peptide mapping by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography was performed to resolve phosphorylation sites more completely. The results suggest that the enzyme was phosphorylated in sites 1a, 1b, 2, 3(a+b+c), and 5. Insulin stimulated dephosphorylation of sites in peptides presumed to contain sites 1b, 2, and 3(a+b+c). Synthase from denervated muscles appeared to contain the same amount of @entity1 as enzyme from contralateral muscles, and denervation did not detectably affect the distribution of @entity2 within the subunit. However, denervation abolished the effect of insulin on decreasing the @entity2 content of synthase. The results indicate that the insulin resistance induced by denervation involves a loss in the ability of insulin to stimulate dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase.

title: Insulin resistance in denervated skeletal muscle. Inability of insulin to stimulate dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase in denervated XXXX epitrochlearis muscles.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate safety and efficacy of vagal nerve stimulation in @entity0 with @entity1 . DESIGN: Placebo-controlled, double-masked, crossover study. ANIMALS: 10 @entity0 with poorly controlled @entity3 . PROCEDURE: A programmable pacemaker-like device designed to deliver intermittent stimulation to the left cervical trunk of the vagus was surgically implanted in each @entity0 . @entity0 were assigned randomly to two 13-week test periods, 1 with nerve stimulation and 1 without nerve stimulation. Owners recorded data on @entity3 frequency, duration, and intensity, as well as adverse effects. RESULTS: No significant difference in @entity3 frequency, duration, or severity was detected between overall 13-week treatment and control periods. During the final 4 weeks of the treatment period, a significant decrease in mean @entity3 frequency (34.4%) was detected, compared with the control period. Complications included transient @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity2 during intraoperative device testing, and @entity6 formation, subcutaneous migration of the generator, and transient @entity7 during the 14-day period between surgery and suture removal. No adverse effects of stimulation were detected, and most owners were satisfied with the treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Vagal nerve stimulation is a potentially safe approach to @entity3 control that appears to be efficacious in certain @entity0 and should be considered a possible treatment option when antiepileptic medications are ineffective.

title: Use of vagal nerve stimulation as a treatment for XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate safety and efficacy of vagal nerve stimulation in @entity0 with @entity1 . DESIGN: Placebo-controlled, double-masked, crossover study. ANIMALS: 10 @entity0 with poorly controlled @entity3 . PROCEDURE: A programmable pacemaker-like device designed to deliver intermittent stimulation to the left cervical trunk of the vagus was surgically implanted in each @entity0 . @entity0 were assigned randomly to two 13-week test periods, 1 with nerve stimulation and 1 without nerve stimulation. Owners recorded data on @entity3 frequency, duration, and intensity, as well as adverse effects. RESULTS: No significant difference in @entity3 frequency, duration, or severity was detected between overall 13-week treatment and control periods. During the final 4 weeks of the treatment period, a significant decrease in mean @entity3 frequency (34.4%) was detected, compared with the control period. Complications included transient @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity2 during intraoperative device testing, and @entity6 formation, subcutaneous migration of the generator, and transient @entity7 during the 14-day period between surgery and suture removal. No adverse effects of stimulation were detected, and most owners were satisfied with the treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Vagal nerve stimulation is a potentially safe approach to @entity3 control that appears to be efficacious in certain @entity0 and should be considered a possible treatment option when antiepileptic medications are ineffective.

title: Use of vagal nerve stimulation as a treatment for @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The subcellular distribution and ultrastructural effects of lead have been studied in the kidneys and liver of @entity0 given @entity3 (600 ppm @entity4 ) in their drinking water for 6 months. Control @entity0 were given @entity5 . Tissue samples were fixed in @entity2 and examined by electron microscopy with and without staining. Unstained sections of both kidney and liver from lead-treated animals showed small particles (2-5 nm diameter) of very high electron density which appear to represent a deposited form of @entity4 . Ultrastructural changes in the kidneys were largely confined to glomeruli (swelling of endothelial cells, fusion of foot processes, thickening of basement membrane) and proximal tubules (ranging from minimal sub-lethal changes to necrotic disorganization). The electron-dense particles of @entity4 occurred in large clusters in basement membranes. As individual particles, or small groups, they were numerous in nuclei of proximal epithelium but usually only a few, largely confined to vesicles or inclusion bodies, were present in the cytoplasm. Only when cells were markedly damaged morphologically were particles more generally distributed in the cytoplasm. @entity1 by @entity4 was largely confined to centrilobular regions. Endothelial and Kupffer cells were the most affected; they often sequestered large numbers of the particles. In parenchymal cells, particles were few and mainly in vesicles, but they were more widely distributed in the cytoplasm when morphological injury was apparent. The free distribution of @entity4 in liver and kidney seems to be limited by its deposition in basement membranes and sequestration in reticulo-endothelial cells; intracellular distribution in healthy cells is also limited, by deposition in nuclei (in kidney only) or cytoplasmic vesicles.

title: Localization of lead in the kidney and liver of @entity0 treated in vivo with XXXX : ultrastructural studies on unstained sections.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The subcellular distribution and ultrastructural effects of lead have been studied in the kidneys and liver of @entity0 given @entity3 (600 ppm @entity4 ) in their drinking water for 6 months. Control @entity0 were given @entity5 . Tissue samples were fixed in @entity2 and examined by electron microscopy with and without staining. Unstained sections of both kidney and liver from lead-treated animals showed small particles (2-5 nm diameter) of very high electron density which appear to represent a deposited form of @entity4 . Ultrastructural changes in the kidneys were largely confined to glomeruli (swelling of endothelial cells, fusion of foot processes, thickening of basement membrane) and proximal tubules (ranging from minimal sub-lethal changes to necrotic disorganization). The electron-dense particles of @entity4 occurred in large clusters in basement membranes. As individual particles, or small groups, they were numerous in nuclei of proximal epithelium but usually only a few, largely confined to vesicles or inclusion bodies, were present in the cytoplasm. Only when cells were markedly damaged morphologically were particles more generally distributed in the cytoplasm. @entity1 by @entity4 was largely confined to centrilobular regions. Endothelial and Kupffer cells were the most affected; they often sequestered large numbers of the particles. In parenchymal cells, particles were few and mainly in vesicles, but they were more widely distributed in the cytoplasm when morphological injury was apparent. The free distribution of @entity4 in liver and kidney seems to be limited by its deposition in basement membranes and sequestration in reticulo-endothelial cells; intracellular distribution in healthy cells is also limited, by deposition in nuclei (in kidney only) or cytoplasmic vesicles.

title: Localization of lead in the kidney and liver of XXXX treated in vivo with @entity3 : ultrastructural studies on unstained sections.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The incidence of @entity2 in 12,693 shipyard and machine shop male workers (1689 welders, 4308 platers, 6003 machinists, 693 pipe fitters) employed for at least one year between 1945 and 1960 was investigated in a retrospective cohort study. The welders had welded only mild steel and had not been exposed to @entity5 containing fume. The follow up was 99.7% complete and the total number of @entity0 -years was 304,682. The incidence of @entity2 in 1953-81 was ascertained through the Finnish @entity2 Registry. The observed numbers of cases of @entity2 were compared with the expected numbers based on regional urban rates. The smoking habits of the cohort were surveyed with a postal questionnaire sent to a sample of 961 workers. The smoking habits of the cohorts were similar and smoking was not more common than among the general population. The total number of cases of @entity2 was 611 (exp 629) among the shipyard workers and 376 (exp 388) among the machine shop workers. The incidence of @entity1 was increased among the shipyard workers (obs 227, exp 192). This excess was observed in all the worker groups and was most evident for the pipe fitters and platers. Among the machine shop workers, the incidence of @entity1 was lower than expected with the exception of the welders who had a slightly raised risk of @entity1 (obs 14, exp 10). The incidence of @entity2 was slightly raised among the shipyard workers (obs 24, exp 20) but not in the machine shop workers. No excess risk was observed among the welders. The incidence of @entity3 was increased among the machine shop workers (obs 39, exp 31) but not in the shipyard workers. The excess was statistically significant for the welders. No pronounced excess could be found for other types of @entity2 . Analysis by the duration or exposure showed that the @entity1 in the shipyard workers was most evident during the last period of observation (1972-81). No other trends were obvious and the slight @entity1 observed among the welders did not increase with increasing follow up time. No excess risk for @entity4 was found. The small @entity1 in welders could be due to chance. The fact that only a small and statistically insignificant @entity1 could be found among this group of heavily exposed welders suggest that if the risk of @entity1 was associated with welding this risk must nowadays be low and probably too low to be unequivocally detected in most epidemiological studies.

title: Incidence of XXXX among welders, platers, machinists, and pipe fitters in shipyards and machine shops.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We recently reported that the well-studied fermenting bacterium @entity2 could grow via a respirative metabolism in the presence of @entity0 when a @entity1 source is present. Respiration induces profound changes in @entity2 metabolism, and improvement of @entity0 tolerance and long-term survival. Compared to usual fermentation conditions, biomass is approximately doubled by the end of growth, acid production is reduced, and large amounts of normally minor end products accumulate. Lactococci grown via respiration survive markedly better after long-term storage than fermenting cells. We suggest that growth and survival of lactococci are optimal under respiration-permissive conditions, and not under fermentation conditions as previously supposed. Our results reveal the uniqueness of the @entity2 respiration model. The well-studied 'aerobic' bacteria express multiple terminal cytochrome oxidases, which assure respiration all throughout growth; they also synthesize their own @entity1 . In contrast, the @entity2 cydAB genes encode a single cytochrome oxidase (bd), and @entity1 must be provided. Furthermore, cydAB genes mediate respiration only late in growth. Thus, lactococci exit the lag phase via fermentation even if @entity1 is present, and start respiration in late exponential phase. Our results suggest that the spectacularly improved survival is in part due to reduced intracellular oxidation during respiration. We predict that lactococcal relatives like the Enterococci, and some Lactobacilli, which have reported respiration potential, will display improved survival under respiration-permissive conditions.

title: Respiration capacity and consequences in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The pathophysiological significance of coronary collateral vessels remains controversial, despite previous intensive studies. We performed the multistage supine ergometer stress test for 26 @entity0 with effort @entity2 and collaterals. The changes in the collaterals were observed during each @entity4 by coronary angiography before and after intravenous @entity3 . The collaterals of 21 @entity0 disappeared or diminished during exercise-induced @entity2 before @entity3 administration, and were unchanged in the remaining five cases. However, the collaterals of all @entity0 after @entity3 administration were unchanged or increased during exercise-induced @entity2 . Considering there were no significant changes in pulmonary arterial end-diastolic pressures during @entity2 before and after @entity3 administration, a pressure gradient between the donor and recipient coronary arteries was suggested as being related to the patency of the collaterals. These results suggested the following: 1. It is not appropriate to postulate that the collaterals visualized at rest may remain unchanged during exercise-induced @entity2 . 2. It is not reasonable to conclude that exercise accelerates the development of collateral circulation. 3. One favorable effect of @entity3 administration is the prevention of exercise-induced @entity1 via collateral circulation.

title: [Collateral circulation during exercise-induced XXXX : evaluation by coronary angiography].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 is a well-established cause of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and all-cause mortality. The burden of @entity3 attributable to @entity1 in the United States is not well quantified, particularly with regard to age. The authors analyzed data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) (1976-1980) and the NHANES II Mortality Study, in which a nationally representative cohort of 9,250 adults aged 30-75 years was followed for 12-16 years, to determine all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Overall, between 1976 and 1980, the prevalence of diagnosed @entity1 was 4.3%. By 1992, the relative hazard of all-cause mortality was 1.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.5, 2.3), and the population attributable risk (PAR) was 3.6%. The relative hazard of @entity2 mortality was 2.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.8, 2.8), and the PAR was 5.2%. Including @entity0 with undiagnosed @entity1 in the estimates increased the PAR for all-cause mortality to 5.1% and that for @entity2 mortality to 6.8%. @entity0 had a higher prevalence of diagnosed @entity1 than @entity0 and a greater relative hazard of @entity3 than nondiabetic @entity0 , leading to a higher PAR for @entity0 (3.8% for all causes and 7.3% for @entity2 ) versus @entity0 (3.3% for all causes and 3.8% for @entity2 ). These data suggest that @entity1 accounts for at least 3.6% of all @entity3 and 5.2% of @entity2 @entity3 in US adults. Improvements in @entity1 prevention and treatment should produce noticeable effects on US life expectancy.

title: Age and the burden of XXXX attributable to @entity1 in the United States.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 is a well-established cause of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and all-cause mortality. The burden of @entity3 attributable to @entity1 in the United States is not well quantified, particularly with regard to age. The authors analyzed data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) (1976-1980) and the NHANES II Mortality Study, in which a nationally representative cohort of 9,250 adults aged 30-75 years was followed for 12-16 years, to determine all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Overall, between 1976 and 1980, the prevalence of diagnosed @entity1 was 4.3%. By 1992, the relative hazard of all-cause mortality was 1.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.5, 2.3), and the population attributable risk (PAR) was 3.6%. The relative hazard of @entity2 mortality was 2.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.8, 2.8), and the PAR was 5.2%. Including @entity0 with undiagnosed @entity1 in the estimates increased the PAR for all-cause mortality to 5.1% and that for @entity2 mortality to 6.8%. @entity0 had a higher prevalence of diagnosed @entity1 than @entity0 and a greater relative hazard of @entity3 than nondiabetic @entity0 , leading to a higher PAR for @entity0 (3.8% for all causes and 7.3% for @entity2 ) versus @entity0 (3.3% for all causes and 3.8% for @entity2 ). These data suggest that @entity1 accounts for at least 3.6% of all @entity3 and 5.2% of @entity2 @entity3 in US adults. Improvements in @entity1 prevention and treatment should produce noticeable effects on US life expectancy.

title: Age and the burden of @entity3 attributable to XXXX in the United States.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In the last 18 years we have followed 330 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), diagnosed according to the ESPGAN criteria (with 3 jejunal biopsies: during the acute phase, after a gluten-free diet and after a gluten challenge). One to fifteen years after the diagnosis, 61 of them asked to be exposed to a second gluten challenge to see if their intolerance was persistent. Ten percent of them had already started the challenge by themselves, the others were on @entity2 ( @entity2 ). To all 61 serial clinical controls, one-hour-blood- @entity3 absorption test every three months and a jejunal biopsy was suggested. The jejunal biopsy was performed when symptoms recurred, or when xylose-test showed an impaired absorption, or after 2 years. If the first jejunal biopsy showed a villous atrophy the @entity2 was restarted, while if a normal mucosa was found the gluten challenge was continued and the jejunal biopsy repeated every year. 52 @entity0 (85%) showed a villous atrophy after 1.5 to 72 months. 6 (10%) did not show a clinical or histological relapse, 2 refused the jejunal biopsy because symptomless, and 1 had to restart the @entity2 because she developed a @entity4 . One-hour-blood-xylose test was performed in 29 @entity0 and 20 (69%) showed a low absorbtion, the majority of them in the first year of challenge, and the remaining refused it. 36 of the relapsed @entity0 presented with mild clinical symptoms while 16 were symptomless.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinico-histological behavior of celiac XXXX after gluten load following the definitive diagnosis].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Five @entity0 (group A) with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and sterility for at least 3 yr were treated for 1 cycle for ovulation induction with a combined regimen of GnRH agonist ( @entity3 ) plus highly purified FSH. The @entity0 received @entity3 (Buserelin; 200 micrograms, sc, twice a day) for 6 weeks and then @entity3 combined with FSH highly purified (2 ampules a day; 75 IU FSH and less than 0.11 IU LH in each ampule). Ovarian response was evaluated by plasma @entity1 (E2) assay and ultrasound examination, performed daily. Furthermore, plasma FSH and LH levels were assayed 3 times a week. Once a follicle was considered sufficiently developed, the combined regimen was withheld, and 24-48 h later hCG (5000 IU, im) was given. The results are compared with those of 31 ovulatory cycles induced by im FSH highly purified (group B) in @entity2 @entity0 with the same FSH administration, clinical, and monitoring protocols. Ovulation was achieved in all cycles treated by @entity3 plus FSH. Two singleton and a twin pregnancy resulted. Multiple follicular development occurred in all cycles. Plasma E2 levels were generally in the normal range. Echographic and endocrine features in the 2 groups were as follows. 1) basal ovarian @entity2 were similar. 2) Group A had a greater number of follicles than did group B (P less than 0.01), while E2 to number of follicles and E2 to ovarian volume ratios were greater (P less than 0.01) in group B. 3) The linear correlations between plasma E2 levels and ovarian volume were markedly different in groups A and B (P less than 0.01). The regression line for group B had a steeper slope than that for group A. This finding indicates that at a fixed ovarian volume plasma E2 levels were significantly lower in group A than in group B. We conclude that the combined @entity3 and FSH regimen may constitute an alternative and promising tool for the induction of ovulation in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Successful induction of ovulation and conception with combined gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist plus highly purified follicle-stimulating hormone in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2