abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is commonly used to treat @entity0 with documented sustained @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or @entity8 ( @entity8 ). @entity4 recurrence rates in these @entity0 are high, but which @entity0 will receive a therapy and the forms of @entity4 recurrence ( @entity5 or @entity8 ) are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: The therapy delivered by the @entity2 was examined in 449 @entity0 randomized to @entity2 therapy in the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) Trial. Events triggering @entity6 or antitachycardia pacing ( @entity3 ) were reviewed for @entity4 diagnosis, clinical symptoms, activity at the onset of the @entity4 , and appropriateness and results of therapy. Both shock and @entity3 therapies were frequent by 2 years, with 68% of @entity0 receiving some therapy or having an @entity1 . An appropriate shock was delivered in 53% of @entity0 , and @entity3 was delivered in 68% of @entity0 who had @entity3 activated. The first @entity4 treated in follow-up was diagnosed as @entity5 (63%), @entity8 (13%), @entity9 (18%), unknown @entity4 (3%), or due to @entity2 or inappropriate sensing (3%). Acceleration of an @entity4 by the @entity2 occurred in 8% of @entity0 who received any therapy. No physical activity consistently preceded @entity4 , nor did any single clinical factor predict the symptoms of the @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Delivery of @entity2 therapy in @entity7 @entity0 was common, primarily due to @entity5 . Inappropriate @entity2 therapy occurred frequently. Use of @entity2 therapy as a surrogate endpoint for @entity1 in clinical trials should be avoided.

title: Analysis of @entity2 therapy in the @entity7 ( XXXX ) Trial.

answer: @entity7


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is commonly used to treat @entity0 with documented sustained @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or @entity8 ( @entity8 ). @entity4 recurrence rates in these @entity0 are high, but which @entity0 will receive a therapy and the forms of @entity4 recurrence ( @entity5 or @entity8 ) are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: The therapy delivered by the @entity2 was examined in 449 @entity0 randomized to @entity2 therapy in the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) Trial. Events triggering @entity6 or antitachycardia pacing ( @entity3 ) were reviewed for @entity4 diagnosis, clinical symptoms, activity at the onset of the @entity4 , and appropriateness and results of therapy. Both shock and @entity3 therapies were frequent by 2 years, with 68% of @entity0 receiving some therapy or having an @entity1 . An appropriate shock was delivered in 53% of @entity0 , and @entity3 was delivered in 68% of @entity0 who had @entity3 activated. The first @entity4 treated in follow-up was diagnosed as @entity5 (63%), @entity8 (13%), @entity9 (18%), unknown @entity4 (3%), or due to @entity2 or inappropriate sensing (3%). Acceleration of an @entity4 by the @entity2 occurred in 8% of @entity0 who received any therapy. No physical activity consistently preceded @entity4 , nor did any single clinical factor predict the symptoms of the @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Delivery of @entity2 therapy in @entity7 @entity0 was common, primarily due to @entity5 . Inappropriate @entity2 therapy occurred frequently. Use of @entity2 therapy as a surrogate endpoint for @entity1 in clinical trials should be avoided.

title: Analysis of @entity2 therapy in the XXXX ( @entity7 ) Trial.

answer: @entity7


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is commonly used to treat @entity0 with documented sustained @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or @entity8 ( @entity8 ). @entity4 recurrence rates in these @entity0 are high, but which @entity0 will receive a therapy and the forms of @entity4 recurrence ( @entity5 or @entity8 ) are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: The therapy delivered by the @entity2 was examined in 449 @entity0 randomized to @entity2 therapy in the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) Trial. Events triggering @entity6 or antitachycardia pacing ( @entity3 ) were reviewed for @entity4 diagnosis, clinical symptoms, activity at the onset of the @entity4 , and appropriateness and results of therapy. Both shock and @entity3 therapies were frequent by 2 years, with 68% of @entity0 receiving some therapy or having an @entity1 . An appropriate shock was delivered in 53% of @entity0 , and @entity3 was delivered in 68% of @entity0 who had @entity3 activated. The first @entity4 treated in follow-up was diagnosed as @entity5 (63%), @entity8 (13%), @entity9 (18%), unknown @entity4 (3%), or due to @entity2 or inappropriate sensing (3%). Acceleration of an @entity4 by the @entity2 occurred in 8% of @entity0 who received any therapy. No physical activity consistently preceded @entity4 , nor did any single clinical factor predict the symptoms of the @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Delivery of @entity2 therapy in @entity7 @entity0 was common, primarily due to @entity5 . Inappropriate @entity2 therapy occurred frequently. Use of @entity2 therapy as a surrogate endpoint for @entity1 in clinical trials should be avoided.

title: Analysis of XXXX therapy in the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) Trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of treatment with repeated injections of @entity4 (a @entity1 D2 antagonist) on prolactin secretion and induced @entity5 in ovariectomized and intact adult mares and to verify if this induction was possible at the beginning and at the end of the birth season. Two experiments were carried out in September [experiment (expt) 1], and in March (expt 2), in France (48 degrees N). In expt 1, three groups of five mares were tested: intact-control, intact-treated and ovariectomized-treated mares. In expt 2, mares previously subjected to artificial photoperiod were assigned in two groups: four intact-control and five intact-treated mares. The cyclicity of intact mares was previously synchronized with PGF2alpha injections, then all the mares were in the follicular phase at the beginning of treatment. @entity4 was intramuscularly injected (0.5 mg/kg of BW), twice a day. Mares were milked at 7:30, 11:45, 16:00 and 20:15 hours. Blood samples were collected every day during the treatment for @entity2 , total @entity3 and prolactin assays. In the two experiments, only treated intact mares produced milk, with a large inter-animal variability. Prolactin increase after @entity4 treatment was not so great in the ovariectomized-treated mares as in the intact-treated mares. The total correlations between prolactin, @entity2 , @entity3 plasma concentrations and daily milk production were significant (0.57, 0.25, 0.17 respectively). This induction of @entity5 can be performed during the entire birth season in intact mares, but not in ovariectomized mares, indicating that @entity0 are necessary for this induction in mares treated by @entity1 D2 antagonist.

title: XXXX with a @entity1 antagonist in mares: different responses between ovariectomized and intact mares.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of treatment with repeated injections of @entity4 (a @entity1 D2 antagonist) on prolactin secretion and induced @entity5 in ovariectomized and intact adult mares and to verify if this induction was possible at the beginning and at the end of the birth season. Two experiments were carried out in September [experiment (expt) 1], and in March (expt 2), in France (48 degrees N). In expt 1, three groups of five mares were tested: intact-control, intact-treated and ovariectomized-treated mares. In expt 2, mares previously subjected to artificial photoperiod were assigned in two groups: four intact-control and five intact-treated mares. The cyclicity of intact mares was previously synchronized with PGF2alpha injections, then all the mares were in the follicular phase at the beginning of treatment. @entity4 was intramuscularly injected (0.5 mg/kg of BW), twice a day. Mares were milked at 7:30, 11:45, 16:00 and 20:15 hours. Blood samples were collected every day during the treatment for @entity2 , total @entity3 and prolactin assays. In the two experiments, only treated intact mares produced milk, with a large inter-animal variability. Prolactin increase after @entity4 treatment was not so great in the ovariectomized-treated mares as in the intact-treated mares. The total correlations between prolactin, @entity2 , @entity3 plasma concentrations and daily milk production were significant (0.57, 0.25, 0.17 respectively). This induction of @entity5 can be performed during the entire birth season in intact mares, but not in ovariectomized mares, indicating that @entity0 are necessary for this induction in mares treated by @entity1 D2 antagonist.

title: @entity5 with a XXXX antagonist in mares: different responses between ovariectomized and intact mares.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity0 was a 59-year-old @entity0 who was hospitalized at our department for @entity7 . Contrast enhanced abdominal CT showed a @entity1 invading the left pelvic wall and multiple metastatic @entity3 . Colonoscopy showed a type-2 @entity1 in the rectosigmoid region. The @entity0 underwent sigmoid colostomy 3 days after admission. Postoperative upper @entity5 showed a type 3 @entity1 in the fornix. From the above findings, the @entity0 was diagnosed with unresectable @entity6 with multiple hepatic metastases, and systemic chemotherapy was initiated. The first line treatment was two courses of @entity10 , but it was discontinued due to @entity8 . FOLFIRI was begun as the second line treatment. After 5 courses of FOLFIRI, upper @entity5 showed a marked reduction in @entity1 size. Twelve courses of FOLFIRI chemotherapy were performed in total. Subsequently, 11 courses of mFOLFOX6 and 1 course of RPMI were performed, but the @entity0 died from @entity4 . However, the @entity9 had been controlled well after the second line treatment. The findings of the present study suggested that FOLFIRI could be an effective treatment for unresectable multiple advanced @entity1 of the stomach and @entity2 .

title: [A case of unresectable and multiple advanced primary @entity1 of the stomach and rectosigmoid colon with hepatic metastases successfully treated with FOLFIRI for local control of a XXXX ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: The @entity0 was a 59-year-old @entity0 who was hospitalized at our department for @entity7 . Contrast enhanced abdominal CT showed a @entity1 invading the left pelvic wall and multiple metastatic @entity3 . Colonoscopy showed a type-2 @entity1 in the rectosigmoid region. The @entity0 underwent sigmoid colostomy 3 days after admission. Postoperative upper @entity5 showed a type 3 @entity1 in the fornix. From the above findings, the @entity0 was diagnosed with unresectable @entity6 with multiple hepatic metastases, and systemic chemotherapy was initiated. The first line treatment was two courses of @entity10 , but it was discontinued due to @entity8 . FOLFIRI was begun as the second line treatment. After 5 courses of FOLFIRI, upper @entity5 showed a marked reduction in @entity1 size. Twelve courses of FOLFIRI chemotherapy were performed in total. Subsequently, 11 courses of mFOLFOX6 and 1 course of RPMI were performed, but the @entity0 died from @entity4 . However, the @entity9 had been controlled well after the second line treatment. The findings of the present study suggested that FOLFIRI could be an effective treatment for unresectable multiple advanced @entity1 of the stomach and @entity2 .

title: [A case of unresectable and multiple advanced primary XXXX of the stomach and rectosigmoid colon with hepatic metastases successfully treated with FOLFIRI for local control of a @entity9 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Since July 2000, we have been performing minilaparotomy as a minimally invasive alternative to laparoscopic surgery for @entity4 , and we reported the technique and short-term oncological results. In the present study, the clinical outcomes of minilaparotomy approach for curative resection of stage 0 and I @entity4 were evaluated. One hundred twenty-seven @entity0 underwent curative resection of stage 0 and I @entity4 via minilaparotomy (skin incision, >= 7 cm) between July 2000 and March 2009. Of the 127 @entity0 , 17 @entity0 underwent an additional resection after EMR. There were 84 @entity0 and 43 @entity0 with a median age of 67 years. Their median body mass index was 22.6 kg/m2. ASA stage was stage I in 100, stage II in 12, and stage III in 15. Thirty-nine cases had received a prior abdominal surgery. The median operation time was 110 min and median @entity3 was 50 mL. The D1, D2 and D3 lymph node dissection was performed in 37, 63 and 27 cases, respectively. The minilaparotomy approach was successfully performed in 120 out of 127 @entity0 . Three of 7 cases failed to affect the adhesion caused by prior abdominal surgery. The ratio of 5-year overall survival rate was 95%, and two cases of stage I had developed a @entity2 recurrence ( @entity1 to liver and para-aortic lymph nodes), one @entity0 died of para-aortic lymph nodes recurrence. A minilaparotomy approach to the curative resection for @entity4 is feasible and safe, and would be oncologically an adequate procedure.

title: [The clinical outcome of minilaparotomy approach for curative resection of stage 0 and I XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A single-center, prospective, consecutive case series of @entity0 undergoing epidural lavage before the treatment of @entity3 due to @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a novel complex of fibronectin and aggrecan predicts clinical response to epidural @entity1 injection (ESI) for the indication of @entity3 from lumbar @entity8 ( @entity8 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: ESI for @entity3 due to @entity8 is widely used despite variable effectiveness for this indication. With increased attention aimed at cost containment, it would be beneficial to identify those in whom ESI may be helpful. There are currently no accurate diagnostic tests to predict response to @entity4 . We have previously investigated biomarkers of @entity6 associated with @entity3 . METHODS: We embarked to determine whether a molecular complex of fibronectin and aggrecan predicts clinical response to ESI for the indication of @entity3 from @entity8 . This prospective study was conducted at a single center and included 26 @entity0 with @entity2 and magnetic resonance imaging positive for @entity8 , who elected ESI. Epidural lavage with physiologic saline was performed immediately before ESI. The lavage fluid was assayed for the fibronectin-aggrecan complex (FAC) by using a heterogeneous sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were compared with the interval improvement in the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) score of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 instrument (SF-36) after injection compared with baseline. RESULTS: The mean improvement from baseline @entity7 in @entity0 with the FAC was 22.9 (SD, 12.4) and without the complex was 0.64 (SD, 3.97; P < 0.001). Differences in total SF-36 improvement were also highly significant (P < 0.001). The presence of the FAC predicts a clinically significant increase in @entity7 after lumbar ESI by receiver-operating-characteristic analysis (area under the curve = 0.97; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in age (P = 0.25), sex (P = 0.84), laterality (P = 0.06), lumbar spinal level (P = 0.75), or payer type (worker's compensation vs. private insurance; P = 0.90) between groups with and without the marker. CONCLUSION: A molecular complex of fibronectin and aggrecan predicts response to lumbar ESI for @entity3 with @entity8 . The biomarker is accurate, objective, and not affected by demographic or psychosocial variables in this series.

title: Outcome of lumbar epidural XXXX injection is predicted by assay of a complex of fibronectin and aggrecan from epidural lavage.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We investigated whether individuals with @entity1 will demonstrate stimulus classes after observing another individual demonstrate the prerequisite conditional discriminations. In Experiment 1, @entity0 learned conditional discriminations among dictated words, pictures, and printed words. They also observed a model without disabilities demonstrate conditional discriminations among a different set of dictated words, pictures, and printed words. The classes assigned to each @entity0 belonged to a larger superordinate category, as did the classes assigned to each model. The superordinate categories were different for @entity0 and models. All @entity0 subsequently demonstrated full stimulus classes with the stimuli involved in direct training: They named pictures, read printed words, and matched pictures and words to one another. However, based on observing a model, none of the @entity0 demonstrated full stimulus classes. In Experiment 2, @entity0 learned conditional discriminations among the stimuli in three sets, and observed a model's training with the stimuli in three different sets. The classes assigned to each @entity0 belonged to the same larger superordinate category as did those assigned to their respective model. All @entity0 subsequently demonstrated full stimulus classes with the stimuli involved in direct training. They also demonstrated full classes with at least one of their model's sets of training stimuli. When full stimulus classes did not occur from observing a model, @entity0 named the model's pictures, read the model's printed words, or matched the model's pictures and words. Stimulus class technology, coupled with the opportunity to observe another individual perform a skill, may be an economical and efficient means of teaching @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Observational learning and the formation of classes of reading skills by individuals with autism and other XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether two dietary weight loss interventions--the dietary approaches to stop @entity5 (DASH) program and a low-fat diet program--would be cost-effective in Australia, and to assess their potential to reduce the disease burden related to excess body weight. DESIGN: We constructed a multi-state life-table-based Markov model in which the distribution of body weight influences the incidence of @entity4 , @entity10 , @entity5 @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity0 , @entity8 , @entity9 . The target population was the overweight and @entity3 adult population in Australia in 2003. We used a lifetime horizon for health effects and costs, and a health sector perspective for costs. We populated the model with data identified from Medline and Cochrane searches, Australian Bureau of Statistics published catalogues, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, and Department of Health and Ageing. OUTCOME MEASURES: Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and proportions of disease burden avoided. ICERs under AUS 50,000 per DALY are considered cost-effective. RESULTS: The DASH and low-fat diet programs have ICERs of AUS 12,000 per DALY (95% uncertainty range: Cost-saving- 68,000) and AUS 13,000 per DALY (Cost-saving--130,000), respectively. Neither intervention reduced the body weight-related disease burden at population level by more than 0.1%. The sensitivity analysis showed that when @entity1 ' costs for time and travel are included, the ICERs increase to AUS 75,000 per DALY for DASH and AUS 49,000 per DALY for the low-fat diet. Modest weight loss during the interventions, post-intervention weight regain and low participation limit the health benefits. CONCLUSION: Diet and exercise interventions to reduce @entity3 are potentially cost-effective but have a negligible impact on the total body weight-related disease burden.

title: Cost-effectiveness of diet and exercise interventions to reduce overweight and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 are polymorphic focal arterial dilations, which harbor a variable risk of @entity0 leading to high morbidity and mortality. Increased detection of incidental @entity2 by non-invasive imaging has created a need for @entity0 risk stratification tools, in addition to simple @entity2 size, to guide optimal treatment strategy. To this end, shape analysis has emerged as a possible differentiator of @entity0 likelihood. A novel set of morphological parameters based on the writhe number are introduced here to describe @entity2 and discriminate @entity0 status. Classification in 117 @entity2 (52 ruptured and 65 unruptured) is based on statistical analysis of writhe number distribution on the @entity2 surface. @entity2 are analyzed both in isolation and including a portion of their parent vessel. Sidewall and bifurcation @entity2 subtypes were found to be best described by disjoint sets of shape parameters, yielding a morphological dichotomy between the two @entity2 classes. Writhe number analysis results in 86.7% accuracy on sidewall (SW) @entity2 and 71.2% accuracy on bifurcation (BF) @entity2 . This represents a 12% accuracy increase for both subtypes compared to the performance of seven established 2D and 3D indexes. The results support the utility of writhe number @entity2 shape analysis, with potential clinical value in @entity0 risk stratification.

title: 3D shape analysis of @entity1 using the writhe number as a discriminant for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 are polymorphic focal arterial dilations, which harbor a variable risk of @entity0 leading to high morbidity and mortality. Increased detection of incidental @entity2 by non-invasive imaging has created a need for @entity0 risk stratification tools, in addition to simple @entity2 size, to guide optimal treatment strategy. To this end, shape analysis has emerged as a possible differentiator of @entity0 likelihood. A novel set of morphological parameters based on the writhe number are introduced here to describe @entity2 and discriminate @entity0 status. Classification in 117 @entity2 (52 ruptured and 65 unruptured) is based on statistical analysis of writhe number distribution on the @entity2 surface. @entity2 are analyzed both in isolation and including a portion of their parent vessel. Sidewall and bifurcation @entity2 subtypes were found to be best described by disjoint sets of shape parameters, yielding a morphological dichotomy between the two @entity2 classes. Writhe number analysis results in 86.7% accuracy on sidewall (SW) @entity2 and 71.2% accuracy on bifurcation (BF) @entity2 . This represents a 12% accuracy increase for both subtypes compared to the performance of seven established 2D and 3D indexes. The results support the utility of writhe number @entity2 shape analysis, with potential clinical value in @entity0 risk stratification.

title: 3D shape analysis of XXXX using the writhe number as a discriminant for @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate two psychometric properties of SF-36, namely unidimensionality and reliability. METHODS: The data are from three cohorts in the HALCyon collaborative research programme into healthy ageing: Aberdeen Birth Cohort 1936 (n  =  428), Hertfordshire Ageing Study (n  =  358) and Hertfordshire Cohort Study (n  =  3,216). The Mokken scaling model was applied to each sub-scale of SF-36 to evaluate unidimensionality as indicated by scalability. The lower bound for internal consistency reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: All six sub-scales of SF-36, with the exception of general health (GH) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ), demonstrated strong scalability (0.5   <=  H  <  1). The results were consistent across all 3 cohorts. Both GH and @entity1 showed medium scalability (0.4   <=  H  <0.55), although individual items 'sick easier..', 'as healthy as..' and 'expect to get worse' of the GH sub-scale and 'nervous', 'happy' in the @entity1 sub-scale had low scalability (H  <  0.4) in the oldest cohort (aged 73-83). Cronbach's alphas for all sub-scales were between 0.70 and 0.92. CONCLUSIONS: The unidimensionality and reliability of the sub-scales of SF-36 are sufficient to make this a useful measure of health-related quality of life in older @entity0 . Caution is needed when interpreting the results for GH and @entity1 in the oldest cohort due to the poor unidimensionality.

title: How useful are the SF-36 sub-scales in older XXXX ? Mokken scaling of data from the HALCyon programme.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The observed bimodal patterns of @entity0 incidence in the U.S. suggested that @entity0 may be viewed as more than one biological entity. We studied the factors potentially contributing to this phenomenon, specifically focusing on how disease heterogeneity could be linked to breast @entity2 mechanisms. Using empirical analyses and population-based biologically motivated modeling, age-specific patterns of incidence of @entity6 from the SEER registry (1990-2003) were analyzed for heterogeneity and characteristics of @entity2 , stratified by race, stage, grade, and @entity3 (ER)/ @entity5 (PR) receptor status. The heterogeneity of @entity0 age patterns decreased after stratification by grade, especially for @entity1 . Stratification by ER/PR status further reduced the heterogeneity, especially for ER(+)/PR(-) and ER(-)/(-) @entity1 ; however, the residual heterogeneity was still observed. The number of rate-limiting events of @entity2 and the latency of @entity4 differed, decreasing from grade I to III, with poorly differentiated @entity1 associated with the least number of @entity2 stages and the shortest latency. @entity1 grades play important role in bimodal incidence of @entity0 and have distinct mechanisms of @entity2 . Race and @entity1 subtype could play modifying role. ER/PR status contributes to the observed heterogeneity, but is subdominant to @entity1 grade. Further studies on sources of "remaining" heterogeneity of population with @entity0 (such as genetic/epigenetic characteristics) are necessary. The results of this study could suggest stratification rather than unification of @entity0 prevention strategies, risk assessment, and treatment.

title: @entity0 as heterogeneous disease: contributing factors and XXXX mechanisms.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The observed bimodal patterns of @entity0 incidence in the U.S. suggested that @entity0 may be viewed as more than one biological entity. We studied the factors potentially contributing to this phenomenon, specifically focusing on how disease heterogeneity could be linked to breast @entity2 mechanisms. Using empirical analyses and population-based biologically motivated modeling, age-specific patterns of incidence of @entity6 from the SEER registry (1990-2003) were analyzed for heterogeneity and characteristics of @entity2 , stratified by race, stage, grade, and @entity3 (ER)/ @entity5 (PR) receptor status. The heterogeneity of @entity0 age patterns decreased after stratification by grade, especially for @entity1 . Stratification by ER/PR status further reduced the heterogeneity, especially for ER(+)/PR(-) and ER(-)/(-) @entity1 ; however, the residual heterogeneity was still observed. The number of rate-limiting events of @entity2 and the latency of @entity4 differed, decreasing from grade I to III, with poorly differentiated @entity1 associated with the least number of @entity2 stages and the shortest latency. @entity1 grades play important role in bimodal incidence of @entity0 and have distinct mechanisms of @entity2 . Race and @entity1 subtype could play modifying role. ER/PR status contributes to the observed heterogeneity, but is subdominant to @entity1 grade. Further studies on sources of "remaining" heterogeneity of population with @entity0 (such as genetic/epigenetic characteristics) are necessary. The results of this study could suggest stratification rather than unification of @entity0 prevention strategies, risk assessment, and treatment.

title: XXXX as heterogeneous disease: contributing factors and @entity2 mechanisms.

answer: @entity0


abstract: EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: Describe the clinical presentation and management of tracheoceles. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review and review of the medical literature. RESULTS: A 56 year old female @entity0 presented with progressive @entity1 and history of benign thyroid nodules. Flexible laryngoscopy revealed a severely paretic right true vocal cord. Computed tomography revealed a right sided air filled sac in the tracheoesophageal groove suspicious for causing compression of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. The @entity0 underwent an elective right hemithyroidectomy and resection of the air filled sac. Post operative pathology of the air filled sax was consistent with a tracheocele. A laryngoscopy performed 6 months postoperatively demonstrated recovery of right cord function. CONCLUSIONS: Tracheoceles are an uncommon entity first described in 1846 by Rokitansky (1) with only a paucity of case reports in the literature describing the surgical management and treatment of this disease. Herein, we report a @entity0 who presented with @entity1 from a tracheocele in the right tracheoesophageal groove who subsequently underwent surgical resection ultimately improving vocal cord function.

title: Tracheocele: an unusual cause of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity13 which predominantly affects the lower lung fields is relatively rare. We performed this study to clarify the clinical manifestations of this type of @entity3 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Over a period of 13 years, we diagnosed @entity13 in 119 @entity0 . Among these, we reviewed the clinical characteristics of 9 @entity0 (3 @entity0 , 6 @entity0 , mean age 62 years) with @entity2 predominantly affecting the lower lung fields. RESULTS: Four @entity0 had a history of dust inhalation and 6 had symptoms of @entity8 . All @entity0 had @entity11 and 5 had cutaneous lesions. Serum @entity9 levels were elevated in all @entity0 , whereas @entity7 ( @entity7 ) levels were elevated in 3. Pulmonary function tests revealed @entity5 in 4 @entity0 , and decreased diffusion capacity in 7. Chest CT findings in the lower lung fields revealed bronchovascular thickening, micronodular opacities in the vessels and chest wall, and interlobular septal thickening in 8 @entity0 ; ground-glass opacities in 5; curvilinear shadows in 4; and patchy shadows, traction @entity12 , and @entity6 in 3. Histopathologic findings of lung biopsy specimens featured granulomas in all @entity0 , and pulmonary interstitium @entity1 and small round-cell infiltration in the alveoli of most @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity3 affecting the lower lung fields often had symptoms of @entity8 , extrapulmonary lesions in the eye and/or on the skin, and elevated serum @entity9 levels but not @entity7 . Chest CT showed findings typical of @entity3 , such as lymphatic distribution, but also showed unusual findings such as ground-glass opacities, curvilinear shadows, patchy shadows, traction @entity12 and @entity6 . We speculated that 1 @entity0 with ground-glass opacities and traction @entity12 without lymphatic distribution on CT, and fibroblastic foci with @entity10 histopathologically, had complications of a different type of @entity4 .

title: [Nine cases of XXXX predominantly affecting the lower lung fields].

answer: @entity13


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study and compare the effect of end-to-end and end-to-side neurorrhaphy between the recipient's musculocutaneous nerve and the donor's ulnar nerve, and to observe the regeneration of peripheral nerve and muscle refection. METHODS: Sixty male SD @entity0 (weighing 200-250 g) were randomized into 2 groups (n = 30 per group), and made the @entity1 model. In group A, the donor's nerve was transected for end-to-end neurorrhaphy. In group B, an epineurial window was exposed and the distal end of the muscle branch of musculocutaneous nerve was sutured to the side of the ulnar nerve. Electromyography was performed, biceps wet weight ratio, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, and count of myelinated nerve fiber (CMF) were measured at 4 and 12 weeks postoperatively. The behavior changes of the @entity0 were observed. RESULTS: At 4 weeks, the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and the latency amplitude ( @entity2 ) of group A were significantly higher than those of group B (P < 0.05); at 12 weeks, there was no significant difference in the NCV and @entity2 between groups A and B (P > 0.05). At 4 and 8 weeks, there was no significant difference in biceps wet weight ratio and muscle fiber cross-sectional area between groups A and B (P > 0.05). At 4 weeks, the CMF was 230.15 +/- 60.25 in group A and 160.73 +/- 48.77 in group B, showing significant difference (P < 0.05); at 12 weeks, it was 380.26 +/- 10.01 in group A and 355.63 +/- 28.51 in group B, showing no significant difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both end-to-end and end-to-side neurorrhaphy have consistent long-term effect in repair of @entity3 .

title: [Efficacy comparison of end-to-end and end-to-side neurorrhaphy in treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Normal saline or air is used to identify loss of resistance during identification of the epidural space for combined @entity1 . Following epidural needle placement using air for loss of resistance, up to 80% of parturients move, grimace, vocalise or experience paraesthesia or dysaesthesia during subsequent dural puncture by a spinal needle. We compared the effects of saline versus air for loss of resistance on the occurrence of these subjective and objective responses during thecal penetration. With institutional approval, 55 parturients presenting for labour analgesia were studied. After infiltration of @entity2 at an L2-L5 vertebral interspace, a 17 gauge Tuohy epidural needle attached to a 5 ml loss of resistance syringe containing either saline or air was inserted and advanced until loss of resistance was identified by injection of 3 to 5 ml of content. During subsequent 'needle-through-needle' insertion of a 27 gauge pencil-point spinal needle through the meninges, all subjective and objective @entity0 responses were recorded, as well as each @entity0 's reply to the question "Did you feel that?". The two groups (n = 28, n = 27) were comparable. In those given saline and air respectively, 5 (18%) and 12 (44%) parturients responded to and/or acknowledged having perceived dural puncture (P < 0.005). Overall, 7 and 31 (P < 0.0005) subjective and objective responses occurred during dural puncture in those given saline and air, respectively. The study found that use of saline to determine loss of resistance is associated with fewer @entity0 responses at the moment of thecal penetration during 'needle-through-needle' placement of the spinal needle at combined @entity1 .

title: Loss of resistance to saline reduces responses accompanying spinal needle insertion during institution of 'needle-through-needle' combined XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The relative roles of supportive care and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of @entity1 withdrawal are not established. A reliable and validated withdrawal severity assessment scale (Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for @entity1 , CIWA-A) was developed to assess initially and then follow the clinical course of 38 hospitalized chronic alcoholics requiring hospitalization for withdrawal but without serious concurrent medical or surgical problems. Supportive care, consisting of standardized half-hourly @entity0 assessment (CIWA-A) and nursing care, was used as the initial treatment for all @entity0 . Twenty-eight (74%) @entity0 with clinical supportive care successes within 8 hours, 75% within 4 hours. Two responding @entity0 subsequently developed evidence of withdrawal at 48 hours ( @entity4 ) and 72 hours ( @entity3 ). Ten @entity0 (26%) did not respond to supportive care and required drug therapy in addition. Responders to supportive care drink more by history and have less severe @entity2 than nonresponders. There are no other apparent predictors of the @entity0 who require drug therapy. Three quarters of hospitalized @entity0 , without serious medical complications, in @entity1 withdrawal respond to intensive supportive care. However, pharmacotherapy is essential for nonresponders and @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Development of optimal treatment tactics for XXXX withdrawal. I. Assessment and effectiveness of supportive care.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Regenerative therapy using stem cells is a promising approach for the treatment of @entity2 . Recently, we reported that @entity7   / @entity8    side population (SP) cells from porcine dental pulp exhibit highly vasculogenic potential in hindlimb @entity1 . In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity7   / @entity8    SP cells after @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Adult male @entity0 were subjected to 2   h of @entity5 . Twenty-four hours after @entity5 , @entity7   / @entity8    SP cells were transplanted into the brain. Motor function and @entity3 volume were evaluated. Neurogenesis and vasculogenesis were determined with immunochemical markers, and the levels of neurotrophic factors were assayed with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In the cell transplantation group, the number of doublecortin-positive cells increased twofold, and the number of NeuN-positive cells increased eightfold, as compared with the control @entity4 -buffered saline group. The vascular endothelial growth factor level in the @entity1 brain with transplanted cells was 28 times higher than that in the normal brain. In conclusion, @entity7   / @entity8    SP cells promoted migration and differentiation of the endogenous neuronal progenitor cells and induced vasculogenesis, and ameliorated @entity6 after @entity5 .

title: Dental pulp-derived XXXX   / @entity8    side population stem/progenitor cells enhance recovery of focal @entity6 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Regenerative therapy using stem cells is a promising approach for the treatment of @entity2 . Recently, we reported that @entity7   / @entity8    side population (SP) cells from porcine dental pulp exhibit highly vasculogenic potential in hindlimb @entity1 . In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity7   / @entity8    SP cells after @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Adult male @entity0 were subjected to 2   h of @entity5 . Twenty-four hours after @entity5 , @entity7   / @entity8    SP cells were transplanted into the brain. Motor function and @entity3 volume were evaluated. Neurogenesis and vasculogenesis were determined with immunochemical markers, and the levels of neurotrophic factors were assayed with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In the cell transplantation group, the number of doublecortin-positive cells increased twofold, and the number of NeuN-positive cells increased eightfold, as compared with the control @entity4 -buffered saline group. The vascular endothelial growth factor level in the @entity1 brain with transplanted cells was 28 times higher than that in the normal brain. In conclusion, @entity7   / @entity8    SP cells promoted migration and differentiation of the endogenous neuronal progenitor cells and induced vasculogenesis, and ameliorated @entity6 after @entity5 .

title: Dental pulp-derived @entity7   / @entity8    side population stem/progenitor cells enhance recovery of focal XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Regenerative therapy using stem cells is a promising approach for the treatment of @entity2 . Recently, we reported that @entity7   / @entity8    side population (SP) cells from porcine dental pulp exhibit highly vasculogenic potential in hindlimb @entity1 . In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity7   / @entity8    SP cells after @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Adult male @entity0 were subjected to 2   h of @entity5 . Twenty-four hours after @entity5 , @entity7   / @entity8    SP cells were transplanted into the brain. Motor function and @entity3 volume were evaluated. Neurogenesis and vasculogenesis were determined with immunochemical markers, and the levels of neurotrophic factors were assayed with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In the cell transplantation group, the number of doublecortin-positive cells increased twofold, and the number of NeuN-positive cells increased eightfold, as compared with the control @entity4 -buffered saline group. The vascular endothelial growth factor level in the @entity1 brain with transplanted cells was 28 times higher than that in the normal brain. In conclusion, @entity7   / @entity8    SP cells promoted migration and differentiation of the endogenous neuronal progenitor cells and induced vasculogenesis, and ameliorated @entity6 after @entity5 .

title: Dental pulp-derived @entity7   / XXXX    side population stem/progenitor cells enhance recovery of focal @entity6 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Regenerative therapy using stem cells is a promising approach for the treatment of @entity2 . Recently, we reported that @entity7   / @entity8    side population (SP) cells from porcine dental pulp exhibit highly vasculogenic potential in hindlimb @entity1 . In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity7   / @entity8    SP cells after @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Adult male @entity0 were subjected to 2   h of @entity5 . Twenty-four hours after @entity5 , @entity7   / @entity8    SP cells were transplanted into the brain. Motor function and @entity3 volume were evaluated. Neurogenesis and vasculogenesis were determined with immunochemical markers, and the levels of neurotrophic factors were assayed with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In the cell transplantation group, the number of doublecortin-positive cells increased twofold, and the number of NeuN-positive cells increased eightfold, as compared with the control @entity4 -buffered saline group. The vascular endothelial growth factor level in the @entity1 brain with transplanted cells was 28 times higher than that in the normal brain. In conclusion, @entity7   / @entity8    SP cells promoted migration and differentiation of the endogenous neuronal progenitor cells and induced vasculogenesis, and ameliorated @entity6 after @entity5 .

title: Dental pulp-derived @entity7   / @entity8    side population stem/progenitor cells enhance recovery of focal @entity6 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study evaluated the effects of a pros enhancing intervention on intention to uptake @entity1 screening. It was hypothesized that the pros enhancement session (compared to an education session) would affect intentions of preintentional @entity0 , whereas it was expected to have negligible effects among @entity0 in intentional and actional stages of the health action process approach (HAPA). Thus, we tested the HAPA using stage-matched and stage-mismatched interventions. Further, a change in decisional balance was assumed to mediate the relationship between the group assignment and intention, with age acting as the moderator. DESIGN AND METHODS: Respondents (1,436 @entity0 , aged 18-60) were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control condition and filled out questionnaires before and directly after the manipulation (in one web-based session). RESULTS: Direct effects of the group assignment were observed only among preintentional @entity0 . Across the stages, however, change in decisional balance mediated the effects of the group assignment on the intention to uptake screening. Further, among @entity0 in the preintentional stage, this mediation became significant only for @entity0 aged 35 or older. CONCLUSIONS: Although direct effects are in line with stage assumptions of the HAPA, meditational analysis among pre- and post-intentional @entity0 indicated that similar processes accounted for post-manipulation intention. Future research testing stage models should account for the mediating processes, which explain the effects of the intervention.

title: Enhancing intentions to attend XXXX screening with a stage-matched intervention.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Topically applied @entity1 and hyaluronan have many studies supporting their use to enhance oral wound healing. @entity3 is widely used topically to promote epithelial proliferation and wound healing, with very little scientific evidence to support such uses. This study investigated and compared the influence of these agents on the healing of intra-oral excisional wounds with large epithelial and connective tissue defects. METHODS: Excisional wounds, 3 mm in diameter, were made at the centre of the palate of 125 @entity0 male albino @entity0 . Five animals constituted the baseline group at time 0. The remaining animals were divided into four experimental and one control groups, in which @entity2 gel 0.2% (Perio. @entity4  ), hyaluronan gel (Gengigel  ), @entity3 0.5% in vehicle gel, vehicle gel alone and nothing were applied daily to the wounds. The wound areas were measured photographically and the epithelialization rates were determined histologically at 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days post-surgery. RESULTS: The mean wound area and mean distance between the epithelial margins decreased significantly with time in all experimental and control groups (P < 0.05). A significant rate of wound area reduction was observed following the use of Perio. @entity4   and Gengigel   at 7 and 14 days. Perio. @entity4   showed a significant rate of wound epithelialization at 7 days. @entity3 did not positively or negatively affect wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: None of the tested agents had a negative effect on the rate of wound healing when applied on an excisional wound with epithelial and connective tissue defect. Positive results were achieved with Perio. @entity4   and Gengigel  .

title: Effects of topically applied agents on intra-oral wound healing in a XXXX model: a clinical and histomorphometric study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Experiments have been done to establish whether the radiation-resistant or A cell has a specific function in the initiation of an immune response in @entity0 to @entity1 erythrocytes (SRBC). All previous demonstrations using accessory (A) cells have involved in vitro assays and are possibly explainable as tissue culture artifacts. @entity4 cells are essential, it should be possible to demonstrate their requirement in vivo. Therefore we first established such conditions. Two methods were found for creating an @entity2 in vivo: (a) A cells disappear gradually from the spleens of irradiated @entity0 , presumably by migration since A-cell function was shown not to be decreased by irradiation. If 3 days elapse between irradiation and transplantation of mixtures of bone marrow and thymus cells (which provide B and T but few A cells), the usual synergistic response does not occur. Addition of large numbers of freshly irradiated spleen cells to the mixture of bone marrow and thymus completely restores the immune response. (b) Injection of 10(10) @entity3 erythrocytes into @entity0 suppresses A-cell activity in these @entity0 24 hr later; a much reduced response to SRBC is obtained when they are given at this time. The response can be partially restored if irradiated spleen cells are given with the SRBC. This observation formed the basis for a quantitative in vivo assay for A cells in which the magnitude of restoration by various suspensions of irradiated cells was used to estimate the A-cell activity of that suspension. A quantitative in vitro assay for A cells was also developed. It was essential for this assay that the total cell number, B-cell number, and T-cell number be kept constant and that only the number of A cells be allowed to vary. Only under these conditions was the response a linear function of the number of A cells added. If the in vivo and in vitro assays are detecting the same class of radiation-resistant cells, the physical properties of the cells active in each assay should be identical. Spleen cells were separated on the basis of both density and sedimentation velocity. Fractions from both separation methods were tested for their content of A cells using both the in vivo and in vitro assays. The density and sedimentation profiles of A cells were similar in both assays. The demonstration that a radiation-resistant cell is required in vivo and that this cell has properties identical to the radiation-resistant cell required in vitro indicates that this cell (the A cell) is directly involved in the initiation of an immune response to erythrocyte antigens.

title: In vivo requirement for a radiation-resistant cells in the immune response to XXXX erythrocytes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of bilateral deep brain stimulation of the internal pallidum in @entity0 with @entity3 due to genetically proved   -sarcoglycan ( @entity5 -M-D) deficiency. DESIGN: @entity0 with documented @entity5 -M-D undergoing bilateral deep brain stimulation of the internal pallidum were recruited. Standardized assessments of M-D were videorecorded before surgery and 6 to 9 months and 15 to 18 months after surgery, using the movement and disability subscales of the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale and the Unified @entity2 Rating Scale. The analysis was based on blinded evaluation of the recordings. SETTING: @entity1 unit in a university hospital in Paris. @entity0 : Five consecutive @entity0 with documented @entity5 -M-D. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity2 and @entity4 scores at follow-up. RESULTS: The median myoclonus score decreased from 76 before surgery (range, 38-116) to 10 at 6 to 9 months after surgery (range, 6-31). The median @entity4 score decreased from 30.0 before surgery (range, 18.5-53.0) to 4.5 after surgery (range, 3.5-16.0). Disability was also improved and symptoms remained stable between the postoperative evaluations. No adverse effects occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the internal pallidum is safe and highly effective in this homogeneous population of @entity0 with @entity5 -M-D. This therapeutic option should therefore be considered for @entity0 with severe, drug-resistant forms of the disorder.

title: Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the pallidum for XXXX due to   -sarcoglycan mutations: a pilot study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Keloids and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are the result of overgrowth of fibrous tissue, following healing of a @entity1 , and cause morbidity. There are several treatment modalities which are useful for the management of keloids, though no single modality is completely effective. The most commonly used modalities are pressure, @entity5 gel sheet, intralesional @entity2 , @entity6 (5 FU), cryotherapy, surgical excision, and lasers. They may be used either singly or, as is done more commonly, in combinations. Any qualified dermatologist who has attained postgraduate qualification in dermatology can treat keloids and @entity7 . Some procedures, such as cryosurgery and surgical excision, may require additional training in dermatologic surgery. Most modalities for keloids, including intralesional injections and mechanical therapies such as pressure and @entity5 gel based products, can be given/prescribed on OPD basis. @entity4 requires a minor operation theater with the facility to handle @entity3 . It is important to counsel the @entity0 about the nature of the problem. One should realize that keloid will only improve and not disappear completely. @entity0 should be informed about the high recurrence rates. Different modalities carry risk of adverse effects and complications and the treating physician needs to be aware of these and @entity0 should be informed about them.

title: Standard guidelines of care: Keloids and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: This paper describes the use of a pulsed argon laser to perform iridotomies in 87 @entity0 . Diagnosis include: primary angle @entity3 , @entity7 in the fellow eye of @entity0 with primary @entity3 , @entity2 , and after incomplete surgical iridectomies. Laser iridotomy was achieved in 79% of @entity0 . Blue eyes were slightly more difficult to penetrate. Success was almost 100% in those with @entity2 . Penetration was most difficult in @entity0 with primary angle @entity3 (64%), but more easily accomplished in the fellow eyes of such cases (87%). In 13 @entity0 surgical peripheral iridectomy was performed on one eye while the other eye was treated with laser iridotomy. No apparent significant long term differences were noted between the two eyes of the same individual. Complications of laser iridotomy include @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity8 formation, @entity1 , @entity9 , marked @entity4 , sudden rise in intraocular pressure, and retinal burns. At this time a longer follow-up is required before it can be stated that a laser PI is more advantageous than a surgical PI. However, the laser's simplicity and ease of administration appear to warrant its continued use at this time.

title: Argon laser iridotomy in primary angle-closure or XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity11 ) interferes with the production of @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha ( @entity4 ) and @entity9 ) and can thereby diminish the secondary inflammatory response that follows initiation of antibacterial therapy. A beneficial effect on the outcome of @entity12 in @entity0 has been proven, but until recently the effect of @entity11 therapy in @entity10 was uncertain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate factors that might influence the modulatory effect of @entity11 on the antibiotic-induced inflammatory response in a @entity3 model of @entity10 . @entity11 (1 mg/kg) was given intravenously 30 min before or 1 h after administration of a pneumococcal cell wall extract, or the first dose of @entity7 . In @entity6 induced by cell wall extract, @entity11 therapy prevented the increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leucocyte and @entity8 concentrations, but only if given 30 min before the cell wall extract. In @entity6 caused by live organisms, initiation of @entity7 therapy resulted in an increase in CSF @entity4 and @entity8 concentrations only in animals with initial CSF bacterial concentrations > or =5.6 log10 cfu/mL. In those animals, @entity11 therapy prevented significant elevations in CSF @entity4 [median change -184 pg/mL, -114 pg/mL versus +683 pg/mL with @entity11 (30 min before or 1 h after @entity7 ) versus controls (no @entity11 ), respectively, P=0.02] and @entity8 concentrations [median change -10.6 mmol/L, -1.5 mmol/L versus +14.3 mmol/L with @entity11 (30 min before or 1 h after @entity7 ) versus controls (no @entity11 ), respectively, P=0.01]. These effects were independent of the timing of @entity11 administration. In this model of @entity10 , an antibiotic-induced secondary inflammatory response in the CSF was demonstrated only in animals with high initial CSF bacterial concentrations (> or =5.6 log10 cfu/mL). These effects were modulated by @entity11 therapy whether it was given 30 min before or 1 h after the first dose of @entity7 .

title: Factors influencing the anti-inflammatory effect of @entity5 therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity11 ) interferes with the production of @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha ( @entity4 ) and @entity9 ) and can thereby diminish the secondary inflammatory response that follows initiation of antibacterial therapy. A beneficial effect on the outcome of @entity12 in @entity0 has been proven, but until recently the effect of @entity11 therapy in @entity10 was uncertain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate factors that might influence the modulatory effect of @entity11 on the antibiotic-induced inflammatory response in a @entity3 model of @entity10 . @entity11 (1 mg/kg) was given intravenously 30 min before or 1 h after administration of a pneumococcal cell wall extract, or the first dose of @entity7 . In @entity6 induced by cell wall extract, @entity11 therapy prevented the increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leucocyte and @entity8 concentrations, but only if given 30 min before the cell wall extract. In @entity6 caused by live organisms, initiation of @entity7 therapy resulted in an increase in CSF @entity4 and @entity8 concentrations only in animals with initial CSF bacterial concentrations > or =5.6 log10 cfu/mL. In those animals, @entity11 therapy prevented significant elevations in CSF @entity4 [median change -184 pg/mL, -114 pg/mL versus +683 pg/mL with @entity11 (30 min before or 1 h after @entity7 ) versus controls (no @entity11 ), respectively, P=0.02] and @entity8 concentrations [median change -10.6 mmol/L, -1.5 mmol/L versus +14.3 mmol/L with @entity11 (30 min before or 1 h after @entity7 ) versus controls (no @entity11 ), respectively, P=0.01]. These effects were independent of the timing of @entity11 administration. In this model of @entity10 , an antibiotic-induced secondary inflammatory response in the CSF was demonstrated only in animals with high initial CSF bacterial concentrations (> or =5.6 log10 cfu/mL). These effects were modulated by @entity11 therapy whether it was given 30 min before or 1 h after the first dose of @entity7 .

title: Factors influencing the anti-inflammatory effect of XXXX therapy in @entity10 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 are uncommon @entity1 of the brain often treated by surgical resection. Surgery may be associated with high morbidity. OBJECTIVE: We present a series of @entity4 treated with linear accelerator radiosurgery during a 19-year period. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of @entity0 who underwent treatment of @entity4 at the University of Florida with linear accelerator radiosurgery between August 1989 and February 2008. Forty-nine @entity0 underwent treatment during the study period, and 6 were lost to follow up. The mean age was 51 years (range, 17-82 years), 39% had previous surgical resection, and 67% presented with preradiosurgery @entity2 . There were 25 trigeminal, 18 jugular foramen, 2 facial, 2 oculomotor, 1 hypoglossal, and 1 high cervical @entity4 . The median @entity1 volume was 5.3 mL (range, 0.3-24.5 mL), treated with a median dose of 1250 cGy (range, 1000-1500 cGy). Study endpoints were actuarial local @entity1 control and neurological outcome. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity0 were available for a median follow-up of 37 months (range, 6-210 months). Actuarial local @entity1 control was 97% at 1 year, 91% at 4.5 years, and 83% at 5 years. There were 4 new @entity2 (9%) including facial @entity5 (2 @entity0 ), anesthesia dolorosa (1 @entity0 ), and @entity3 (1 @entity0 ). Thirty-nine percent had documented clinical and/or symptomatic improvement. There were no other morbidity and no mortality with treatment. CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery for @entity4 offers good actuarial local @entity1 control and has superior morbidity compared with surgical resection. This is the largest linear accelerator radiosurgical series, and the second largest radiosurgical series reported to date.

title: Linear accelerator radiosurgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Today, many @entity0 with @entity2 select suprapubic cystostomy (SPC) instead of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) for practical reasons. There is thus a need to reconsider SPC as a management for @entity2 . We designed SPC with timed drainage (TSPCD) and evaluated its effectiveness compared with continuous drainage with a urine bag (CSPCD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2006 and January 2010, a total of 82 @entity0 underwent SPC. @entity0 undergoing SPC were randomly assigned to CSPCD or TSPCD. @entity0 characteristics, complications, and the results of urine cultures were compared between the two groups through retrospective chart reviews. Also, preferences for CSPCD and TSPCD in another 15 @entity0 who had experienced both CSPCD and TSPCD were investigated. RESULTS: The CSPCD and TSPCD groups comprised 46 and 36 @entity0 , respectively. In a comparison of complications between the two groups, the incidence of acute symptomatic @entity3 was significantly lower in the TSPCD group than in the CSPCD group (43% vs. 20%, p=0.032). The incidence of symptomatic @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was lower in the TSPCD group. Positive urine culture rates were 89.7% and 72.4% in groups 1 and 2, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.004). In another 15 @entity0 who experienced both CSPCD and TSPCD, 14 @entity0 (93%) stated a preference for TSPCD after converting from CSPCD to TSPCD, and one @entity0 (7%) returned to CSPCD only at night. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, TSPCD had the advantages of less morbidity as @entity1 and being more preferable by @entity0 with relatively good daily activity compared with CSPCD. TSPCD is an alternative to CSPCD for the treatment of @entity2 .

title: Rethinking suprapubic XXXX : new trial with timed drainage.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Management strategy in @entity2 @entity0 initially presenting with @entity4 or mass is surrounded with controversy. This study was performed to identify the outcomes of management for this condition. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed prospectively registered 76 @entity0 (male:female = 39:37; mean age, 50.8 years) with @entity3 presenting with @entity4 or mass over a 9-year period at the Seoul National University Hospital. @entity0 were divided into three groups (emergency operation group, delayed operation group, and follow-up group), and clinical characteristics and outcomes of treatment were investigated. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity0 (36.8%) underwent an emergency operation. Of the remaining 48 @entity0 , 20 (41.7%) were initially treated with conservative management through the use of antibiotics only; the other 28 (58.3%) with and additional ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage of the @entity4 . Twenty-six (54.2%) @entity0 underwent planned operations after conservative management, and 22 (45.8%) were followed without surgery (median duration, 37.8 month), of which 3 (13%) underwent an appendectomy due to @entity3 (mean of 56.7 days after initial attack). There were no statistical differences in types of operation performed (appendectomy or ileocecectomy), @entity1 , and postoperative hospital stay among the @entity0 who underwent emergency operations, delayed operations and operations for recurrence during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Although the recurrence rate was relatively low after conservative management for @entity3 @entity0 presenting with @entity4 or mass, there was no difference in surgical outcome between the emergent, elective, or recurrent groups. Our results indicate that proper management of @entity3 with @entity4 or mass can be selected according to surgeon's preference.

title: Management of @entity3 presenting with XXXX or mass.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Management strategy in @entity2 @entity0 initially presenting with @entity4 or mass is surrounded with controversy. This study was performed to identify the outcomes of management for this condition. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed prospectively registered 76 @entity0 (male:female = 39:37; mean age, 50.8 years) with @entity3 presenting with @entity4 or mass over a 9-year period at the Seoul National University Hospital. @entity0 were divided into three groups (emergency operation group, delayed operation group, and follow-up group), and clinical characteristics and outcomes of treatment were investigated. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity0 (36.8%) underwent an emergency operation. Of the remaining 48 @entity0 , 20 (41.7%) were initially treated with conservative management through the use of antibiotics only; the other 28 (58.3%) with and additional ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage of the @entity4 . Twenty-six (54.2%) @entity0 underwent planned operations after conservative management, and 22 (45.8%) were followed without surgery (median duration, 37.8 month), of which 3 (13%) underwent an appendectomy due to @entity3 (mean of 56.7 days after initial attack). There were no statistical differences in types of operation performed (appendectomy or ileocecectomy), @entity1 , and postoperative hospital stay among the @entity0 who underwent emergency operations, delayed operations and operations for recurrence during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Although the recurrence rate was relatively low after conservative management for @entity3 @entity0 presenting with @entity4 or mass, there was no difference in surgical outcome between the emergent, elective, or recurrent groups. Our results indicate that proper management of @entity3 with @entity4 or mass can be selected according to surgeon's preference.

title: Management of XXXX presenting with @entity4 or mass.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the role of magnetic resonance enteroclysis (MRE) in @entity0 with @entity1 , in order to identify involved segments, define the extension and evaluate transmural alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen @entity0 with known @entity1 were studied with MR (1.5 T), with breath-hold T2-weighted TSE, T2-weighted TSE SPIR and 3D T1-weighted sequences before and after @entity4 injection (0.2 mmol/kg) in the coronal and axial planes. The small bowel was distended by the administration of 2 l of @entity5 through a nasojejunal tube and drug induced @entity6 . Typical patterns of @entity1 , such as @entity7 , parietal thickening and narrowing of the bowel, @entity2 , fibrofatty proliferation and enlarged lymph nodes were analysed on radiological and MRE images. MRE was performed within 30 days from conventional radiological studies (conventional enteroclysis and small bowel follow-through). RESULTS: Good distension of the bowel wall was obtained in all cases. MRE assessed the presence of parietal thickening and narrowing of the bowel wall (14/18 cases) and the presence of prestenotic dilatation (12/18 cases). Vascular enhancement (14/18 cases), transmural abnormalities (8/18 cases), fibrofatty proliferation (3/18 cases), @entity3 formation (2/18 cases) and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes (6/18 cases) were also observed. MRE missed small fistulas which were visible in radiological studies in two @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: MRE appears to be a promising technique in @entity0 with @entity1 . Due to limited spatial resolution MRE could be a useful adjunct to radiological studies and in following up selected groups of @entity0 with prior known disease.

title: Magnetic Resonance enteroclysis imaging in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To analyze the effect of one interval vaginal delivery on the prevalence of stress @entity2 amongst a cohort of nulliparous @entity0 . METHODS: A cohort of 276 nulliparous @entity0 without @entity2 was recruited consecutively in 1996, after they had vaginal delivery, and were followed-up for @entity2 in 2000. The age, obstetric variables of the 1996 delivery (mode of delivery, genital tract @entity1 , birth weight, @entity3 , episiotomy, durations of labor, postpartum urinary retention), and the presence of interval vaginal delivery during the follow-up period were recorded. The obstetric factors and the prevalence of @entity4 at follow-up were then compared between @entity0 with and without interval vaginal delivery. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test the independence of the obstetric variables in the index pregnancy and the presence of one interval vaginal delivery, with @entity4 being the dependent variable. RESULTS: A total of 148 (53.6%) @entity0 were followed-up. The prevalence of @entity2 was 28.6% in @entity0 without interval delivery and 21.1% in @entity0 with one interval delivery. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of @entity2 between the two groups (chi(2) test, P = 0.31). Logistic regression showed that none of the obstetric variables or the presence of one interval vaginal delivery was significantly associated with @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: One interval vaginal delivery does not increase risk of @entity4 4 years after the index vaginal delivery.

title: Effect of one interval vaginal delivery on the prevalence of stress XXXX : a prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We present the main results from the fifth survey of the Italian screening programmes for @entity2 carried out by the National Centre for Screening Monitoring (Osservatorio Nazionale Screening, ONS) on behalf of the Ministry of Health. By the end of 2008, 87 programmes were active (14 had been activated during the year), and 52,9%of Italians aged 50- 69 years were residing in areas covered by organised screening programmes (theoretical extension). Ten Regions had their whole population covered. In the South of Italy and Islands, 12 new programmes were activated in 2008, including those of Abruzzo and Molise Regions, with an increase of theoretical extension from 7% to 21%. The majority of programmes employ the faecal occult blood test (FOBT), while some have adopted flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) once in a lifetime, or a combination of both. Overall, about 2,593,000 subjects were invited to undergo FOBT, 71%of those to be invited within the year. The adjusted attendance rate was 47.5% and approximately 1,171,000 subjects were screened. Large differences in the attendance rate were observed among Regions, with 10% of programmes reporting values lower than 30%. Positivity rate of FOBT programmes was 5.9% at first screening (range 2.0-11%) and 4% at repeat screening (range 2.9-6.5%). The average attendance rate for total colonoscopy (TC) was 81.3% and in three Regions it was lower than 70%. Completion rate of TC was 92.2%. Among the 665,264 subjects attending screening for the first time, the detection rate (DR) per 1,000 screened subjects was 2.7 for @entity0 and 13.1 for advanced @entity3 ( @entity5 , @entity3 with a diameter >= 1 cm, with villous/ tubulo-villous type or with high-grade @entity4 ). As expected, the corresponding figures in the 552,391 subjects at repeat screening were lower (1.3    and 8.3    for @entity0 and @entity5 , respectively). The DR of @entity1 and @entity3 increased with age and was higher among males. Many programmes reported some difficulties in guaranteeing TC in the appropriate time frame to FOBT+ subjects: in 16.0% of cases the waiting time was longer than two months. Seven programmes employed FS as the screening test: 58.8% of the target population (about 50,000 subjects) were invited and 8,135 subjects were screened, with an attendance rate of 27.2%. Overall, 83% of FS were classified as complete. Overall TC referral rate was 13.5% and the DR per 1,000 screened subjects was 4.7 and 47.5 for @entity0 and @entity5 , respectively.

title: Screening for XXXX in Italy: 2008 survey.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity1 are increasing with improved survival of @entity0 with @entity2 . However, its treatment outcome, particularly regarding functional outcome, has not been adequately investigated. OBJECTIVE: To present the surgical outcome of spinal @entity2 @entity1 and demonstrate prognostic factors for survival and ambulation time. METHODS: Thirty-three @entity0 (30 males, 3 females) were retrospectively reviewed. @entity0 -Pugh classification was used to assess hepatic function. Preoperatively, 19 @entity0 could ambulate (group A) and 14 @entity0 could not (group B). Preoperatively, 18 @entity0 received conventional fractionated radiotherapy. RESULTS: The spinal @entity1 were removed to achieve sufficient @entity3 . If destabilization developed, instrumentation and/or vertebroplasty were performed. Postoperatively, conventional radiotherapy was administered to 13 @entity0 . @entity0 survived for 203    31 days. @entity0 -Pugh classification and preoperative/postoperative ambulatory ability were correlated with survival time, with @entity0 -Pugh classification being the most significant factor (hazard ratio, 3.75; 95% confidence interval: 1.38-10.22). After the operation, ambulatory ability was maintained in all group A @entity0 and was recovered in 4 in group B. Twenty-three @entity0 could ambulate for 285    62 days. Preoperative ambulatory status and @entity0 -Pugh classification were correlated with a longer ambulatory period, with preoperative ambulatory status most significant (hazard ratio, 8.62; 95% confidence interval: 2.39-31.04). @entity0 died 81    71 days after the loss of ambulatory ability, regardless of postoperative ambulatory status. CONCLUSION: In spinal @entity2 metastasis, ambulatory status and hepatic function were significantly correlated with survival and ambulation time. Both ambulatory status and hepatic function should be considered in the selection of surgical candidates.

title: Surgical outcome of spinal @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity1 are increasing with improved survival of @entity0 with @entity2 . However, its treatment outcome, particularly regarding functional outcome, has not been adequately investigated. OBJECTIVE: To present the surgical outcome of spinal @entity2 @entity1 and demonstrate prognostic factors for survival and ambulation time. METHODS: Thirty-three @entity0 (30 males, 3 females) were retrospectively reviewed. @entity0 -Pugh classification was used to assess hepatic function. Preoperatively, 19 @entity0 could ambulate (group A) and 14 @entity0 could not (group B). Preoperatively, 18 @entity0 received conventional fractionated radiotherapy. RESULTS: The spinal @entity1 were removed to achieve sufficient @entity3 . If destabilization developed, instrumentation and/or vertebroplasty were performed. Postoperatively, conventional radiotherapy was administered to 13 @entity0 . @entity0 survived for 203    31 days. @entity0 -Pugh classification and preoperative/postoperative ambulatory ability were correlated with survival time, with @entity0 -Pugh classification being the most significant factor (hazard ratio, 3.75; 95% confidence interval: 1.38-10.22). After the operation, ambulatory ability was maintained in all group A @entity0 and was recovered in 4 in group B. Twenty-three @entity0 could ambulate for 285    62 days. Preoperative ambulatory status and @entity0 -Pugh classification were correlated with a longer ambulatory period, with preoperative ambulatory status most significant (hazard ratio, 8.62; 95% confidence interval: 2.39-31.04). @entity0 died 81    71 days after the loss of ambulatory ability, regardless of postoperative ambulatory status. CONCLUSION: In spinal @entity2 metastasis, ambulatory status and hepatic function were significantly correlated with survival and ambulation time. Both ambulatory status and hepatic function should be considered in the selection of surgical candidates.

title: Surgical outcome of spinal XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis was performed. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of @entity2 arising from @entity6 of the mobile spine and to discuss the outcome of corresponding surgical and nonsurgical treatment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Giant cell @entity1 are generally benign neoplasms that exhibit @entity3 with a tendency to recur locally. @entity2 are benign, highly vascular osseous lesions. Although both of them have been described separately in previous literatures, few reports have described aneurysmal @entity7 of the mobile spine. METHODS: Between January 2004 and December 2009, 11 @entity0 were identified with an @entity2 arising from @entity6 of the mobile spine. Four @entity0 underwent @entity1 resection followed by radiotherapy, and the other 7 @entity0 underwent total @entity1 resection. @entity0 with lesions located below T6 were treated with selective @entity5 before surgery. Clinical data and the efficacy of surgery were analyzed via chart review RESULTS: Of the eleven @entity0 identified for inclusion in this study, the average age was 33 months (range     14-65 months). The mean length of follow-up was 31 months. Seven @entity0 kept disease-free during the follow-ups. The remaining four @entity0 recurred and one died of local re-recurrence and lung metastasis. CONCLUSION: Unlike primary @entity2 , secondary @entity2 arising from @entity6 of the mobile spine has a more @entity3 tendency to recurrence locally. Complete resection with systematic radiotherapy should be undertaken for the treatment of aneurysmal @entity7 of the mobile spine, which is associated with a good prognosis for @entity1 control. As complete or as radical an operation as possible should be performed at first presentation. The best chance for the @entity0 is the first chance. Selective preoperative embolization is advised to minimize intraoperative @entity4 .

title: Aneurysmal XXXX of the mobile spine: a report of 11 cases.

answer: @entity7


abstract: 58 @entity0 (40 @entity0 , 18 @entity0 ) affected by high-grade @entity2 were examined using automated perimetry and electroretinography. @entity0 ' ages ranged from 53 to 83 years with a mean of 67 years. We examined 29 @entity0 with unilateral and 29 @entity0 with bilateral symptomatic stenosis of carotid arteries and cerebrovascular alterations, without ocular changes. @entity1 were found by 41 @entity0 (70.6%), by 51.3% @entity0 there were mild or middle defects, by 48.7% hard defects. The results using electroretinography showed significant amplitude decrease and prolonged latencies of the oscillatory potentials on ipsilateral side in unilateral cases. Significant decrease of amplitudes @entity5 in @entity0 after the attack of @entity4 fugax has been observed too. The critical value of this amplitude was estimated to 37 muV. High-grade stenosis of carotid arteries are accompanied by @entity1 and @entity3 at the time when objective finding on the fundus is normal. The cause of these disorders might be decreased arterial perfusion or microembolization. The perimetry and ERG findings didn't correlate, nevertheless both tests can be useful for detection of early retinal alterations and represent a help-method to determine indications for carotid endarterectomy.

title: [Ocular subclinical changes in significant XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Nasal, nasal-type T-cell/natural killer cell (T/NK-cell) lymphoma is a rare disease, and its prognosis is poor. Between March 1992 and March 2002 we investigated a new @entity8 -based salvage regimen to treat the disease and improve response to treatment and 5-year overall survival rate. Eighteen @entity0 with refractory midline nasal, nasal-type @entity4 , who were resistant to a @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity1 ( @entity7 )-like regimen, received an @entity8 -based salvage regimen ( @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity2 ). Primary involved field radiation was given to the @entity0 after chemotherapy. Ten (55.6%) of the @entity0 achieved complete response (CR). Five @entity0 (27.8%) achieved partial response (PR). The overall response rate (CR + PR) was 83.3%. The 5-year overall survival rate was 55.6%. Results of the preliminary clinical study indicated that the @entity8 -based salvage regimen significantly improved the response rate and 5-year survival rate. The findings suggested that the therapy is a promising new salvage regimen for treating refractory midline nasal, nasal-type @entity4 .

title: XXXX -based regimen in the treatment of refractory midline nasal/nasal-type @entity4 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Nasal, nasal-type T-cell/natural killer cell (T/NK-cell) lymphoma is a rare disease, and its prognosis is poor. Between March 1992 and March 2002 we investigated a new @entity8 -based salvage regimen to treat the disease and improve response to treatment and 5-year overall survival rate. Eighteen @entity0 with refractory midline nasal, nasal-type @entity4 , who were resistant to a @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity1 ( @entity7 )-like regimen, received an @entity8 -based salvage regimen ( @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity2 ). Primary involved field radiation was given to the @entity0 after chemotherapy. Ten (55.6%) of the @entity0 achieved complete response (CR). Five @entity0 (27.8%) achieved partial response (PR). The overall response rate (CR + PR) was 83.3%. The 5-year overall survival rate was 55.6%. Results of the preliminary clinical study indicated that the @entity8 -based salvage regimen significantly improved the response rate and 5-year survival rate. The findings suggested that the therapy is a promising new salvage regimen for treating refractory midline nasal, nasal-type @entity4 .

title: @entity8 -based regimen in the treatment of refractory midline nasal/nasal-type XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the feasibility of employing a self-expanding stent (Neuroform) in treatment of @entity3 and compared the results of primary and secondary stenting. METHODS: We analyzed the treatment results of 14 acute @entity1 @entity0 (11 @entity0 and three @entity0 ; median age, 65  years) who were treated with Neuroform stents. Seven @entity0 received stent placement for primary recanalization and a further seven for secondary recanalization. We performed between-group comparisons of all of overall procedure duration, recanalization rate immediately after stenting, need for additional measures after stenting, final recanalization rate, occurrence of @entity2 , early re-occlusion rate after 24  h, and 3-month functional recovery rate ( @entity4 ). RESULTS: The median interval from femoral puncture to stent placement was 61.5  min and was significantly shorter in the primary than in the secondary group (55 vs. 95  min, p   =   0.004). The recanalization rate immediately after stenting was 42.9% and was greater in the primary than in the secondary group (71.4% vs. 14.3%, p   =   0.1). Thirteen @entity0 required various additional therapeutic measures. The final recanalization rate was 78.6%, attributable to improvements in the recanalization rate of the secondary group (71.4% vs. 85.7%). Early @entity2 was noted in four @entity0 , but only one @entity0 became symptomatic (symptomatic @entity2 , 7.1%). Good functional recovery was noted in eight @entity0 (57.1%). CONCLUSION: Placement of a self-expanding stent during endovascular recanalization of acute @entity1 was both feasible and safe. Primary use of this method may enhance early recanalization.

title: Treatment of acute XXXX : feasibility of primary or secondary use of a self-expanding stent (Neuroform) during local intra-arterial thrombolysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We present a large study of @entity0 with proximal fibula resection. Moreover we describe a new classification system for @entity1 resection of the proximal fibula independent of the @entity1 differentiation. METHODS: In 57 @entity0 the functional and clinical outcomes were evaluated. The follow-up ranged between six  months and 22.2  years (median 7.2  years). The indication for surgery was @entity1 in ten cases and @entity1 in 47 cases. In 13 of 45 @entity0 , where a resection of the lateral ligament complex was done, knee instability occurred. In 32 @entity0 a resection of the peroneal nerve with resulting @entity4 was necessary. RESULTS: @entity0 with peroneal resection had significantly worse functional outcome than @entity0 without peroneal resection. An ankle foot orthosis was tolerated well by these @entity0 . Three of four @entity0 with pathological @entity2 had local radiation therapy. There was no higher risk of @entity2 in @entity0 with partial tibial resection. CONCLUSIONS: Resection of @entity1 in the proximal fibula can cause knee instability, @entity4 and in cases of local radiation therapy, a higher risk of delayed wound @entity3 and @entity2 . Despite the risks of proximal fibula resection, good functional results can be achieved.

title: Proximal fibula resection in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previous European surveys showed the support of healthcare professionals for treatment withdrawal [i.e., artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) in @entity1 (VS) @entity0 ]. The recent definition of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and possibly research advances (e.g., functional neuroimaging), may have lead to uncertainty regarding potential residual perception and may have influenced opinions of healthcare professionals. The aim of the study was to update the end-of-life attitudes towards VS and to determine the end-of-life attitudes towards @entity1 . A 16-item questionnaire related to @entity3 , @entity2 and end-of-life issues in chronic (i.e., >1 year) VS and @entity1 and @entity4 was distributed among attendants of medical and scientific conferences around Europe (n = 59). During a lecture, the items were explained orally to the attendants who needed to provide written yes/no responses. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses identified differences and associations for age, European region, religiosity, profession, and gender. We here report data on items concerning end-of-life issues on chronic VS and @entity1 . Responses were collected from 2,475 @entity0 . For chronic VS (>1 year), 66% of healthcare professionals agreed to withdraw treatment and 82% wished not to be kept alive (P < 0.001). For chronic @entity1 (>1 year), less attendants agreed to withdraw treatment (28%, P < 0.001) and wished not to be kept alive (67%, P < 0.001). @entity1 was considered worse than VS for the @entity0 in 54% and for their families in 42% of the sample. Respondents' opinions were associated with geographic region and religiosity. Our data show that end-of-life opinions differ for VS as compared to @entity1 . The introduction of the diagnostic criteria for @entity1 has not substantially changed the opinions on end-of-life issues on permanent VS. Additionally, the existing legal ambiguity around @entity1 may have influenced the audience to draw a line between expressing preferences for self versus others, by implicitly recognizing that the latter could be a step on the slippery slope to legalize euthanasia. Given the observed individual variability, we stress the importance of advance directives and identification of proxies when discussing end-of-life issues in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Attitudes towards end-of-life issues in XXXX : a European survey.

answer: @entity3


abstract: ADEPT (antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy) is a novel therapeutic approach that targets an enzyme into @entity1 to convert a relatively nontoxic prodrug into an active cytotoxic agent. This method has a number of advantages, including the @entity4 , but to date it has not realized its full potential. A critical component of ADEPT is the choice of the monoclonal antibody (MAb) to target the enzyme into the @entity1 mass. Prior studies have utilized MAbs directed against @entity1 cell surface antigens which are oftentimes labile and heterogeneous in nature and do not provide an ideal site for the enzyme. As an alternative approach, we now describe the use of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) MAbs to deliver the enzyme to @entity3 regions of @entity1 in order to enhance the effectiveness of ADEPT. Biodistribution and autoradiographic studies performed using @entity3 MAbs have shown that localization of these antibodies occurs in @entity1 and that binding is retained within the @entity1 mass for extended periods of time. Since @entity3 regions are often located in the center of @entity1 , are universal in nature, and constitute between 30 and 80% of the @entity1 mass, @entity3 MAbs may be ideal targeting agents for ADEPT. To test this hypothesis, fusion proteins consisting of single chain Fv ( @entity7 ), @entity6 , or F(ab')2 fragments of chTNT-3 and the @entity0 beta-glucuronidase (betaG) enzyme were constructed for ADEPT. Each of these reagents was tested to assess specificity and avidity of antigen binding as compared to the parental antibody. In addition, studies were performed to demonstrate enzymatic function of the fusion proteins and retention of catalytic activity in circulating blood, specific tissues, and @entity1 after in vivo administration. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies of radiolabeled fusion proteins were conducted over time to evaluate the characteristics of the fusion proteins. Finally, one of the constructs (chTNT-3 @entity6 /betaG) was used in a pilot treatment study with a glucuronide prodrug of @entity5 to demonstrate the anti- @entity1 activity of ADEPT using the chemoresistant MAD109 @entity2 lung carcinoma @entity1 model transplanted into BALB/c @entity2 . The results of these experiments show that all three constructs retained their antigen binding capability and demonstrated active enzymatic function against substrate in vitro. Moreover, after in vivo administration, the betaG enzyme was shown to localize to @entity1 and remain active for up to 9 days demonstrating a key characteristic of @entity3 targeting. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies confirmed specific localization of the fusion proteins and rapid clearance from blood and normal tissues over time. Finally, therapeutic studies using only two doses of fusion protein followed by prodrug administration demonstrated active @entity4 against @entity1 without systemic @entity4 . These preliminary studies show that the use of @entity3 MAbs to target the enzyme to the @entity1 may be a significant advance in ADEPT and that further studies are warranted to test this novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of solid @entity1 .

title: Chimeric XXXX -3/ @entity0 beta-glucuronidase fusion proteins for antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT).

answer: @entity3


abstract: ADEPT (antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy) is a novel therapeutic approach that targets an enzyme into @entity1 to convert a relatively nontoxic prodrug into an active cytotoxic agent. This method has a number of advantages, including the @entity4 , but to date it has not realized its full potential. A critical component of ADEPT is the choice of the monoclonal antibody (MAb) to target the enzyme into the @entity1 mass. Prior studies have utilized MAbs directed against @entity1 cell surface antigens which are oftentimes labile and heterogeneous in nature and do not provide an ideal site for the enzyme. As an alternative approach, we now describe the use of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) MAbs to deliver the enzyme to @entity3 regions of @entity1 in order to enhance the effectiveness of ADEPT. Biodistribution and autoradiographic studies performed using @entity3 MAbs have shown that localization of these antibodies occurs in @entity1 and that binding is retained within the @entity1 mass for extended periods of time. Since @entity3 regions are often located in the center of @entity1 , are universal in nature, and constitute between 30 and 80% of the @entity1 mass, @entity3 MAbs may be ideal targeting agents for ADEPT. To test this hypothesis, fusion proteins consisting of single chain Fv ( @entity7 ), @entity6 , or F(ab')2 fragments of chTNT-3 and the @entity0 beta-glucuronidase (betaG) enzyme were constructed for ADEPT. Each of these reagents was tested to assess specificity and avidity of antigen binding as compared to the parental antibody. In addition, studies were performed to demonstrate enzymatic function of the fusion proteins and retention of catalytic activity in circulating blood, specific tissues, and @entity1 after in vivo administration. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies of radiolabeled fusion proteins were conducted over time to evaluate the characteristics of the fusion proteins. Finally, one of the constructs (chTNT-3 @entity6 /betaG) was used in a pilot treatment study with a glucuronide prodrug of @entity5 to demonstrate the anti- @entity1 activity of ADEPT using the chemoresistant MAD109 @entity2 lung carcinoma @entity1 model transplanted into BALB/c @entity2 . The results of these experiments show that all three constructs retained their antigen binding capability and demonstrated active enzymatic function against substrate in vitro. Moreover, after in vivo administration, the betaG enzyme was shown to localize to @entity1 and remain active for up to 9 days demonstrating a key characteristic of @entity3 targeting. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies confirmed specific localization of the fusion proteins and rapid clearance from blood and normal tissues over time. Finally, therapeutic studies using only two doses of fusion protein followed by prodrug administration demonstrated active @entity4 against @entity1 without systemic @entity4 . These preliminary studies show that the use of @entity3 MAbs to target the enzyme to the @entity1 may be a significant advance in ADEPT and that further studies are warranted to test this novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of solid @entity1 .

title: Chimeric @entity3 -3/ XXXX beta-glucuronidase fusion proteins for antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT).

answer: @entity0


abstract: The transmission of @entity3 by blood transfusion was one of the first transfusion-transmitted infections recorded in the world. Transfusion-transmitted @entity3 may lead to serious problems because infection with @entity5 may cause rapidly fatal @entity1 . This study aimed to compare real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and light microscopy for the detection of @entity5 spp. in blood transfusion, both in endemic and non-endemic areas of @entity0 in Iran. Two sets of 50 blood samples were randomly collected. One set was taken from blood samples donated in blood bank of Bandar Abbas, a city located in a @entity6 , and the other set from Tehran, a non-endemic one. Light microscopic examination on both thin and thick smears, RDTs, and real-time PCR were performed on the blood samples and the results were compared. Thin and thick light microscopic examinations of all samples as well as @entity4 results were negative for @entity5 spp. Two blood samples from endemic area were positive only with real-time PCR. It seems that real-time PCR as a highly sensitive method can be helpful for the confirmation of @entity2 in different units of blood transfusion organization especially in @entity3 -endemic areas where the majority of donors may be potentially infected with @entity3 parasites.

title: Detection of @entity2 in blood transfusion: a comparative study among real-time PCR, XXXX and microscopy: sensitivity of Malaria detection methods in blood transfusion.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The transmission of @entity3 by blood transfusion was one of the first transfusion-transmitted infections recorded in the world. Transfusion-transmitted @entity3 may lead to serious problems because infection with @entity5 may cause rapidly fatal @entity1 . This study aimed to compare real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and light microscopy for the detection of @entity5 spp. in blood transfusion, both in endemic and non-endemic areas of @entity0 in Iran. Two sets of 50 blood samples were randomly collected. One set was taken from blood samples donated in blood bank of Bandar Abbas, a city located in a @entity6 , and the other set from Tehran, a non-endemic one. Light microscopic examination on both thin and thick smears, RDTs, and real-time PCR were performed on the blood samples and the results were compared. Thin and thick light microscopic examinations of all samples as well as @entity4 results were negative for @entity5 spp. Two blood samples from endemic area were positive only with real-time PCR. It seems that real-time PCR as a highly sensitive method can be helpful for the confirmation of @entity2 in different units of blood transfusion organization especially in @entity3 -endemic areas where the majority of donors may be potentially infected with @entity3 parasites.

title: Detection of XXXX in blood transfusion: a comparative study among real-time PCR, @entity4 and microscopy: sensitivity of Malaria detection methods in blood transfusion.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Different methods for determining the @entity0 and biodegradability of hazardous compounds evaluating their susceptibility to biological treatment were studied. Several compounds including @entity3 and herbicides have been evaluated. @entity0 was analyzed in terms of EC50 and by a simple respirometric procedure based on the OECD Method 209 and by the Microtox   bioassay. The values of EC50 obtained from respirometry were in all the cases higher than those from the Microtox   test. The respirometric inhibition values of @entity3 were related well with the number of @entity1 atoms and their position in the aromatic ring. In general, herbicides showed lower inhibition, being alachlor the less toxic from this criterion. For determination of biodegradability an easier and faster alternative to the OECD Method 301, with a higher biomass to substrate ratio is proposed. When this test was negative, the Zahn-Wellens one was performed in order to evaluate the inherent biodegradability. In the fast test of biodegradability, @entity8 and @entity7 showed a complete biodegradation by an unacclimated sludge upon 48 h. These results together with their low respirometric inhibition, allow concluding that these compounds could be conveniently removed in a WWTP. @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity2 showed a partial biodegradation upon 28 days by the Zahn-Wellens inherent biodegradability test.

title: Comparison of experimental methods for determination of XXXX and biodegradability of xenobiotic compounds.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intragastric balloon is a widely used technique to treat @entity1 that is considered to be more efficient than conservative treatment before bariatric surgery. To describe air-filled balloon (Heliosphere BAG  ) effectiveness [absolute @entity2 , body mass index (BMI) loss, percentage of body @entity2 (BWL), percentage of excess @entity2 (EWL)] and complications 6 months after its insertion. METHODS: Eighty-four consecutive intragastric balloons were placed endoscopically. Individualized nutritional counseling was given. The follow-up was carried out in an endocrinology outpatient clinic. Due to the weight or height data missed in two cases, only 82 @entity0 were included in this report, 63 @entity0 with a mean age 39 years (SD, 11.1); mean BMI, 39.1 kg/m(2) (SD, 5.8). The median follow-up was 182 days. RESULTS: The mean @entity2 and BMI loss were 14.5 kg (SD, 8.2); and 5.3 kg/m(2) (SD, 2.8), respectively (for difference, p   <   0.001). The mean percentage of BWL was 13.4% (SD, 7.0). Of the sample, 70.4% achieved a percentage of BWL >10%. The percentage of EWL reached 33.2% (SD, 19.2). After adjusting by sex and initial BMI, absolute @entity2 (p   =   0.033), BMI loss (p   =   0.034), percentage of BWL (p   =   0.034), and percentage of EWL (p   =   0.034) were inversely related to age. Absolute @entity2 and BMI loss were greater in higher initial BMI, but the percentage of EWL was lower. Two spontaneous deflations occurred (3%), but only one surgical early removal (1.2%) was required. @entity3 and @entity4 developed in 7.4% of the @entity0 during the first week. CONCLUSIONS: Air-filled Heliosphere BAG   has been effective in achieving a relevant loss of body weight.

title: Effectiveness and safety of air-filled balloon Heliosphere BAG   in 82 consecutive XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1