abstract: @entity5 may arise at any site within the urinary tract and are a source of considerable morbidity and mortality. In particular, @entity0 with @entity1 have a poor prognosis, with less than 5% alive at 5 years. A multicentre randomized trial comparing @entity4 and @entity7 (MV) with @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity7 ( @entity6 ) in advanced or metastatic @entity5 was conducted in the UK. From April 1991 to June 1995, 214 @entity0 were entered by 16 centres, 108 randomized to @entity6 and 106 to MV. A total of 204 @entity0 have died. The hazard ratio (relative risk of dying) was 0.68 (95% CI 0.51-0.90, P-value = 0.0065) in favour of @entity6 . This translates to an absolute improvement in 1-year survival of 13%, 16% in MV and 29% in @entity6 . The median survival for @entity6 and MV was 7 months and 4.5 months respectively. Two hundred and eight @entity0 objectively progressed or died. The hazard ratio was 0.55 (95% CI 0.41-0.73, P-value = 0.0001) in favour of @entity6 . Two hundred and nine @entity0 symptomatically progressed or died. The hazard ratio was 0.48 (95% CI 0.36-0.64, P-value = 0.0001) in favour of @entity6 . The most important pretreatment factors influencing overall survival were WHO performance status and extent of disease. These two factors were used to derive a prognostic index which could be used to categorize @entity0 into three prognostic groups. We conclude that the addition of @entity3 to @entity4 and @entity7 should be considered in @entity0 with @entity5 , taking into account the increased @entity2 .

title: A randomized trial comparing @entity4 and @entity7 (MV) with @entity3 , XXXX and @entity7 ( @entity6 ) in advanced @entity5 : results and a report on prognostic factors in a Medical Research Council study. MRC Advanced Bladder Cancer Working Party.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity5 may arise at any site within the urinary tract and are a source of considerable morbidity and mortality. In particular, @entity0 with @entity1 have a poor prognosis, with less than 5% alive at 5 years. A multicentre randomized trial comparing @entity4 and @entity7 (MV) with @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity7 ( @entity6 ) in advanced or metastatic @entity5 was conducted in the UK. From April 1991 to June 1995, 214 @entity0 were entered by 16 centres, 108 randomized to @entity6 and 106 to MV. A total of 204 @entity0 have died. The hazard ratio (relative risk of dying) was 0.68 (95% CI 0.51-0.90, P-value = 0.0065) in favour of @entity6 . This translates to an absolute improvement in 1-year survival of 13%, 16% in MV and 29% in @entity6 . The median survival for @entity6 and MV was 7 months and 4.5 months respectively. Two hundred and eight @entity0 objectively progressed or died. The hazard ratio was 0.55 (95% CI 0.41-0.73, P-value = 0.0001) in favour of @entity6 . Two hundred and nine @entity0 symptomatically progressed or died. The hazard ratio was 0.48 (95% CI 0.36-0.64, P-value = 0.0001) in favour of @entity6 . The most important pretreatment factors influencing overall survival were WHO performance status and extent of disease. These two factors were used to derive a prognostic index which could be used to categorize @entity0 into three prognostic groups. We conclude that the addition of @entity3 to @entity4 and @entity7 should be considered in @entity0 with @entity5 , taking into account the increased @entity2 .

title: A randomized trial comparing @entity4 and XXXX (MV) with @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity7 ( @entity6 ) in advanced @entity5 : results and a report on prognostic factors in a Medical Research Council study. MRC Advanced Bladder Cancer Working Party.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity5 may arise at any site within the urinary tract and are a source of considerable morbidity and mortality. In particular, @entity0 with @entity1 have a poor prognosis, with less than 5% alive at 5 years. A multicentre randomized trial comparing @entity4 and @entity7 (MV) with @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity7 ( @entity6 ) in advanced or metastatic @entity5 was conducted in the UK. From April 1991 to June 1995, 214 @entity0 were entered by 16 centres, 108 randomized to @entity6 and 106 to MV. A total of 204 @entity0 have died. The hazard ratio (relative risk of dying) was 0.68 (95% CI 0.51-0.90, P-value = 0.0065) in favour of @entity6 . This translates to an absolute improvement in 1-year survival of 13%, 16% in MV and 29% in @entity6 . The median survival for @entity6 and MV was 7 months and 4.5 months respectively. Two hundred and eight @entity0 objectively progressed or died. The hazard ratio was 0.55 (95% CI 0.41-0.73, P-value = 0.0001) in favour of @entity6 . Two hundred and nine @entity0 symptomatically progressed or died. The hazard ratio was 0.48 (95% CI 0.36-0.64, P-value = 0.0001) in favour of @entity6 . The most important pretreatment factors influencing overall survival were WHO performance status and extent of disease. These two factors were used to derive a prognostic index which could be used to categorize @entity0 into three prognostic groups. We conclude that the addition of @entity3 to @entity4 and @entity7 should be considered in @entity0 with @entity5 , taking into account the increased @entity2 .

title: A randomized trial comparing @entity4 and @entity7 (MV) with @entity3 , @entity4 and XXXX ( @entity6 ) in advanced @entity5 : results and a report on prognostic factors in a Medical Research Council study. MRC Advanced Bladder Cancer Working Party.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity5 may arise at any site within the urinary tract and are a source of considerable morbidity and mortality. In particular, @entity0 with @entity1 have a poor prognosis, with less than 5% alive at 5 years. A multicentre randomized trial comparing @entity4 and @entity7 (MV) with @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity7 ( @entity6 ) in advanced or metastatic @entity5 was conducted in the UK. From April 1991 to June 1995, 214 @entity0 were entered by 16 centres, 108 randomized to @entity6 and 106 to MV. A total of 204 @entity0 have died. The hazard ratio (relative risk of dying) was 0.68 (95% CI 0.51-0.90, P-value = 0.0065) in favour of @entity6 . This translates to an absolute improvement in 1-year survival of 13%, 16% in MV and 29% in @entity6 . The median survival for @entity6 and MV was 7 months and 4.5 months respectively. Two hundred and eight @entity0 objectively progressed or died. The hazard ratio was 0.55 (95% CI 0.41-0.73, P-value = 0.0001) in favour of @entity6 . Two hundred and nine @entity0 symptomatically progressed or died. The hazard ratio was 0.48 (95% CI 0.36-0.64, P-value = 0.0001) in favour of @entity6 . The most important pretreatment factors influencing overall survival were WHO performance status and extent of disease. These two factors were used to derive a prognostic index which could be used to categorize @entity0 into three prognostic groups. We conclude that the addition of @entity3 to @entity4 and @entity7 should be considered in @entity0 with @entity5 , taking into account the increased @entity2 .

title: A randomized trial comparing @entity4 and @entity7 (MV) with @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity7 ( @entity6 ) in advanced XXXX : results and a report on prognostic factors in a Medical Research Council study. MRC Advanced Bladder Cancer Working Party.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS: There is little evidence to inform routine practice in the use of coronary angiography and revascularization procedures after @entity1 . Large differences in the uptake of these procedures have been reported but representative data are scarce. Outcome studies have produced opposing conclusions concerning the impact of the high rate of these cardiac procedures. METHODS AND RESULTS: A population-based @entity0 sampling approach was utilized to identify routine practice in representative samples from 11 European countries. Data were collected retrospectively on treatment in the 6 months following @entity1 (n=2807). There was wide variation in utilization of coronary angiography and revascularization procedures. Even after restricting the analysis to @entity0 <65 years (n=1262), there remained a 6 13 fold variation in the use of these procedures. A decreased likelihood of undergoing these procedures was associated with older age. In addition, there was an independent and negative association between female sex and utilization of coronary angiography and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). CONCLUSION: The effect on @entity0 outcome of the observed variation in use of these procedures is not known but has important cost and resource implications for the health services. Outcome research is needed to define @entity0 selection criteria and to measure the cost-utility of different angiography and revascularization rates.

title: Use of coronary angiography and revascularization procedures following XXXX . A European perspective.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Some types of @entity4 cannot be treated by contemporary preparations. After repeated relapses and chemotherapy moreover damage of bone marrow occurs and further intense cytostatic treatment is not possible. Monoclonal antibodies against structures on @entity1 cells are an interesting alternative of cytostatic treatment. In 2000 the authors administered anti @entity5 monoclonal antibody (rituximab, Mabthera Roche), 375 mg/m2, on the 1st, 8th, 15th and 22nd day i.v. to a total of 24 @entity0 with relapsing @entity4 . In five @entity0 the relapse developed after high dosage chemotherapy and autologous transplantation of peripheral stem cells. Treatment was well tolerated with minimal side-effects. Favourable therapeutic results were recorded in @entity0 with @entity2 (70% of the therapeutic responses), small @entity3 (64% of therapeutic responses) and in @entity0 with a relapse after autologous transplantations (80% of therapeutic responses). Anti @entity5 monoclonal antibody is a new effective alternative of cytostatic treatment. Its position in the therapeutic strategy in @entity0 with @entity4 awaits elaboration.

title: [Non-cytostatic treatment of @entity1 . Anti- XXXX monoclonal antibody (Rituximab, Mabthera) in the treatment of @entity4 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Some types of @entity4 cannot be treated by contemporary preparations. After repeated relapses and chemotherapy moreover damage of bone marrow occurs and further intense cytostatic treatment is not possible. Monoclonal antibodies against structures on @entity1 cells are an interesting alternative of cytostatic treatment. In 2000 the authors administered anti @entity5 monoclonal antibody (rituximab, Mabthera Roche), 375 mg/m2, on the 1st, 8th, 15th and 22nd day i.v. to a total of 24 @entity0 with relapsing @entity4 . In five @entity0 the relapse developed after high dosage chemotherapy and autologous transplantation of peripheral stem cells. Treatment was well tolerated with minimal side-effects. Favourable therapeutic results were recorded in @entity0 with @entity2 (70% of the therapeutic responses), small @entity3 (64% of therapeutic responses) and in @entity0 with a relapse after autologous transplantations (80% of therapeutic responses). Anti @entity5 monoclonal antibody is a new effective alternative of cytostatic treatment. Its position in the therapeutic strategy in @entity0 with @entity4 awaits elaboration.

title: [Non-cytostatic treatment of XXXX . Anti- @entity5 monoclonal antibody (Rituximab, Mabthera) in the treatment of @entity4 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Some types of @entity4 cannot be treated by contemporary preparations. After repeated relapses and chemotherapy moreover damage of bone marrow occurs and further intense cytostatic treatment is not possible. Monoclonal antibodies against structures on @entity1 cells are an interesting alternative of cytostatic treatment. In 2000 the authors administered anti @entity5 monoclonal antibody (rituximab, Mabthera Roche), 375 mg/m2, on the 1st, 8th, 15th and 22nd day i.v. to a total of 24 @entity0 with relapsing @entity4 . In five @entity0 the relapse developed after high dosage chemotherapy and autologous transplantation of peripheral stem cells. Treatment was well tolerated with minimal side-effects. Favourable therapeutic results were recorded in @entity0 with @entity2 (70% of the therapeutic responses), small @entity3 (64% of therapeutic responses) and in @entity0 with a relapse after autologous transplantations (80% of therapeutic responses). Anti @entity5 monoclonal antibody is a new effective alternative of cytostatic treatment. Its position in the therapeutic strategy in @entity0 with @entity4 awaits elaboration.

title: [Non-cytostatic treatment of @entity1 . Anti- @entity5 monoclonal antibody (Rituximab, Mabthera) in the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Brain microdialysis coupled with EEG recording allowed us to track dynamic neurochemical changes every 3 or 6 minutes in relation to sleep/wake cycles. We chose to investigate @entity7 (PG) and @entity2 ( @entity6 , @entity0 and metabolites) because of their respective role in the states of vigilance, mainly suggested by pharmacological approaches, and because of the known interactions between PGs and @entity2 . We focused on the paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei of the @entity5 for their involvement in the relationships between feeding, metabolic rate and sleep, and the prefrontal cortex for its role in vigilance. These studies revealed a few changes in @entity8 or @entity2 levels as a function of a given state of vigilance. In particular, @entity0 levels were higher during wakefulness than during sleep in both @entity5 and cortex. Both @entity4 and cortical @entity3 levels were higher during wakefulness than during slow wave sleep and still higher during paradoxical sleep in the cortex. Cortical PGD2 showed an exactly reverse profile of @entity3 . These changes are in agreement with the described awaking action of @entity3 and with the hypnogenic action of PGD2. Our most informative findings were the sequential changes around transitions from one state to another that allow to predict the moment of onset of both sleep and wakefulness. Both in @entity5 and in cortex, ondulatory patterns of @entity3 were encountered around the transitions between states. @entity3 was high in the middle of wakefulness, then regularly dropped announcing the occurrence of sleep, where the drop persisted before giving place to a rise in prediction to the next period of wakefulness. A similar profile was also observed for cortical @entity0 , but its low levels reached a plateau during sleep. Cortical @entity1 levels showed sudden and dramatic drops during short periods of wakefulness closely surrounding slow wave sleep. In some instances, as in the case of @entity3 , similar profiles of variations could be found both in the @entity5 and cortex. But in most cases, different and even opposite profiles were encountered in those two structures. Interestingly, in some instances, the pattern of changes in both @entity7 and @entity2 were similar, as for example between @entity4 @entity3 and @entity1 as well as between cortical @entity3 and @entity0 . These similarities support the idea of the suggested interaction between @entity7 and @entity2 , in particular concerning their involvement in the regulation of sleep/wake cycles.

title: [Variations of XXXX and cortical @entity7 and @entity2 reveal transitions in arousal states: microdialysis study in the rat].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Brain microdialysis coupled with EEG recording allowed us to track dynamic neurochemical changes every 3 or 6 minutes in relation to sleep/wake cycles. We chose to investigate @entity7 (PG) and @entity2 ( @entity6 , @entity0 and metabolites) because of their respective role in the states of vigilance, mainly suggested by pharmacological approaches, and because of the known interactions between PGs and @entity2 . We focused on the paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei of the @entity5 for their involvement in the relationships between feeding, metabolic rate and sleep, and the prefrontal cortex for its role in vigilance. These studies revealed a few changes in @entity8 or @entity2 levels as a function of a given state of vigilance. In particular, @entity0 levels were higher during wakefulness than during sleep in both @entity5 and cortex. Both @entity4 and cortical @entity3 levels were higher during wakefulness than during slow wave sleep and still higher during paradoxical sleep in the cortex. Cortical PGD2 showed an exactly reverse profile of @entity3 . These changes are in agreement with the described awaking action of @entity3 and with the hypnogenic action of PGD2. Our most informative findings were the sequential changes around transitions from one state to another that allow to predict the moment of onset of both sleep and wakefulness. Both in @entity5 and in cortex, ondulatory patterns of @entity3 were encountered around the transitions between states. @entity3 was high in the middle of wakefulness, then regularly dropped announcing the occurrence of sleep, where the drop persisted before giving place to a rise in prediction to the next period of wakefulness. A similar profile was also observed for cortical @entity0 , but its low levels reached a plateau during sleep. Cortical @entity1 levels showed sudden and dramatic drops during short periods of wakefulness closely surrounding slow wave sleep. In some instances, as in the case of @entity3 , similar profiles of variations could be found both in the @entity5 and cortex. But in most cases, different and even opposite profiles were encountered in those two structures. Interestingly, in some instances, the pattern of changes in both @entity7 and @entity2 were similar, as for example between @entity4 @entity3 and @entity1 as well as between cortical @entity3 and @entity0 . These similarities support the idea of the suggested interaction between @entity7 and @entity2 , in particular concerning their involvement in the regulation of sleep/wake cycles.

title: [Variations of @entity4 and cortical XXXX and @entity2 reveal transitions in arousal states: microdialysis study in the rat].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Brain microdialysis coupled with EEG recording allowed us to track dynamic neurochemical changes every 3 or 6 minutes in relation to sleep/wake cycles. We chose to investigate @entity7 (PG) and @entity2 ( @entity6 , @entity0 and metabolites) because of their respective role in the states of vigilance, mainly suggested by pharmacological approaches, and because of the known interactions between PGs and @entity2 . We focused on the paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei of the @entity5 for their involvement in the relationships between feeding, metabolic rate and sleep, and the prefrontal cortex for its role in vigilance. These studies revealed a few changes in @entity8 or @entity2 levels as a function of a given state of vigilance. In particular, @entity0 levels were higher during wakefulness than during sleep in both @entity5 and cortex. Both @entity4 and cortical @entity3 levels were higher during wakefulness than during slow wave sleep and still higher during paradoxical sleep in the cortex. Cortical PGD2 showed an exactly reverse profile of @entity3 . These changes are in agreement with the described awaking action of @entity3 and with the hypnogenic action of PGD2. Our most informative findings were the sequential changes around transitions from one state to another that allow to predict the moment of onset of both sleep and wakefulness. Both in @entity5 and in cortex, ondulatory patterns of @entity3 were encountered around the transitions between states. @entity3 was high in the middle of wakefulness, then regularly dropped announcing the occurrence of sleep, where the drop persisted before giving place to a rise in prediction to the next period of wakefulness. A similar profile was also observed for cortical @entity0 , but its low levels reached a plateau during sleep. Cortical @entity1 levels showed sudden and dramatic drops during short periods of wakefulness closely surrounding slow wave sleep. In some instances, as in the case of @entity3 , similar profiles of variations could be found both in the @entity5 and cortex. But in most cases, different and even opposite profiles were encountered in those two structures. Interestingly, in some instances, the pattern of changes in both @entity7 and @entity2 were similar, as for example between @entity4 @entity3 and @entity1 as well as between cortical @entity3 and @entity0 . These similarities support the idea of the suggested interaction between @entity7 and @entity2 , in particular concerning their involvement in the regulation of sleep/wake cycles.

title: [Variations of @entity4 and cortical @entity7 and XXXX reveal transitions in arousal states: microdialysis study in the rat].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 arising from retained native kidneys can compromise both the @entity0 and graft survival. @entity3 should be considered in a select group of @entity0 , whom have refractory @entity1 , prior to renal transplantation. Between January 1991 and July 1998 we performed 10 bilateral nephrectomies where @entity1 was the indication. The mean age was 23 yrs (range 11-45) at the time of surgery. Nine @entity0 were on dialysis pre-operatively (6-H/D, 3-CAPD). All 10 @entity0 witnessed a reduction in the number of antihypertensive medications they were obliged to take daily. We also found less surgical morbidity associated with performing surgery through bilateral dorsal lumbotomy incisions as opposed to through a midline incision. Also the post-operative hospital stay was less in the @entity0 group who under went bilateral dorsal lumbotomy. Seven @entity0 at a mean follow up period of 46.43+/-26.06 months have functioning grafts with a mean serum @entity2 of 164.14+/-42.83 micromol/dl. We have shown in our @entity0 group how bilateral nephrectomy can be successfully used for refractory @entity1 in @entity0 prior to renal transplantation. We also believe that where possible these kidneys should be removed through a bilateral dorsal lumbotomy incision rather than a midline one.

title: Pre-transplant bilateral native nephrectomy for medically refractory XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 occurs more frequently in older @entity0 . Because the population of aged @entity0 is increasing, a better understanding of the characteristics of @entity1 with respect to age would be useful. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is any relationship between the site of @entity6 and @entity3 in the colon and age. METHODS: Colonoscopy was performed (September 1995 to December 1998) on 2942 consecutive @entity0 (1907 @entity0 , 1035 @entity0 ; mean age 61 years, range 11 to 95 years) with no history of @entity6 , @entity3 , or @entity2 . The occurrence of @entity1 , histologically proven as @entity4 or @entity3 , was analyzed for a possible association between site in the colon and @entity0 age. RESULTS: @entity3 was found in 191 @entity0 (196 lesions). The proportion of @entity0 with right-sided @entity5 increased with @entity0 age: < 50 years, 15% (2/13); 50 to 59 years, 21% (8/39); 60 to 69 years, 32% (18/57); 70 to 79 years, 42% (25/49); > or =80 years, 57% (16/28). The proportion of @entity0 with right-sided @entity4 did not significantly differ among age groups: < 50 years, 40% (98/246); 50 to 59 years, 41% (280/678); 60 to 69 years, 46% (459/1001); 70 to 79 years, 53% (270/508); and > or =80 years, 57% (87/152). CONCLUSION: The frequency of right-sided @entity5 increases with @entity0 age. Hence, colonoscopy may be indicated in the elderly for @entity1 screening. Over half of @entity5 may be missed if sigmoidoscopy alone is used for screening.

title: Relationship between age and site of XXXX based on colonoscopy findings.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze if the upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme and @entity4 receptors observed in a model of @entity8 formation results in increased contractions to angiotensin I (AI) and AII. Endothelial denudation was performed in left common carotid arteries of 3-month-old male @entity0 . @entity0 were killed at days 0, 4, 8 and 14 after injury and vascular reactivity was assessed in an organ bath. Responses were always compared with their contralateral vessels as a control. Contractile responses to 75 mM @entity7 were similar between groups. @entity2 (0.1 microM) induced significantly higher contractions at days 0 and 4. Relaxation to @entity1 ( @entity3 ) (1 nM to 0.1 mM) was suppressed at day 0 and increased with time after injury. Relaxations to @entity6 (0.1 nM to 0.1 mM) were similar at all time points studied. Responses to AI and AII were increased at early steps of @entity8 formation and decreased with time after injury correlating with increased responses to Ach. Concentration-response curves to AI and AII had similar EC50 or Emax values at the same time points. These results indicate that in the @entity0 i) @entity8 formation does not impair contractile responses to @entity7 nor relaxation to SNP, ii) a functional endothelium seems to regenerate with time after injury, and iii) the increase in @entity5 activity and @entity4 receptor number does not have functional consequences.

title: The upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme during XXXX formation does not have functional consequences.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a protocol to prevent @entity2 after dental extraction in @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), or @entity4 . STUDY DESIGN: Replacement therapy was used in cases involving general anesthesia, and nerve trunk infiltration was used in @entity0 with severe @entity6 (severe-to-moderate @entity1 or type 2-3 @entity5 ). Desmopressin was used in good responders with mild @entity1 , type 1 @entity5 , and @entity4 . Local hemostatic measures and antifibrinolytic treatment were used systematically. RESULTS: Ninety-three @entity0 underwent 103 dental extractions; 2 of these @entity0 had secondary @entity2 requiring surgical hemostasis. CONCLUSION: The indication for replacement therapy depended on the type of anesthesia that was used. Coagulation factor concentrates or desmopressin were necessary to avoid upper airway @entity3 with general anesthesia or nerve trunk infiltration. With local anesthesia, substitutive treatment was indicated in @entity0 with severe-to-moderate @entity1 and type 2-3 @entity5 . Inexpensive desmopressin was effective in those who responded well. Local hemostatic measures and antifibrinolytic treatment were performed systematically.

title: Management of dental extractions in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a protocol to prevent @entity2 after dental extraction in @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), or @entity4 . STUDY DESIGN: Replacement therapy was used in cases involving general anesthesia, and nerve trunk infiltration was used in @entity0 with severe @entity6 (severe-to-moderate @entity1 or type 2-3 @entity5 ). Desmopressin was used in good responders with mild @entity1 , type 1 @entity5 , and @entity4 . Local hemostatic measures and antifibrinolytic treatment were used systematically. RESULTS: Ninety-three @entity0 underwent 103 dental extractions; 2 of these @entity0 had secondary @entity2 requiring surgical hemostasis. CONCLUSION: The indication for replacement therapy depended on the type of anesthesia that was used. Coagulation factor concentrates or desmopressin were necessary to avoid upper airway @entity3 with general anesthesia or nerve trunk infiltration. With local anesthesia, substitutive treatment was indicated in @entity0 with severe-to-moderate @entity1 and type 2-3 @entity5 . Inexpensive desmopressin was effective in those who responded well. Local hemostatic measures and antifibrinolytic treatment were performed systematically.

title: Management of dental extractions in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the selection factors for and results of second resections performed to treat recurrent @entity2 ( @entity2 ), we studied 301 @entity0 with @entity2 who were treated from the time of diagnosis using two prospective clinical protocols. METHODS: The @entity0 were prospectively followed from the time of diagnosis, using clinical and radiographic criteria after maximal surgical resection and external beam radiotherapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy. Resection of recurrent @entity2 was performed at the recommendation of the treating clinicians. The results of the second resections were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed using multivariate logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier-Turnbull survival analysis, @entity3 regression, and propensity score stratification. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity0 underwent second resections during the study period. The actuarial rate of the second resections was 15% of the @entity0 1 year after diagnosis and 31% 2 years after diagnosis. Younger age (P = 0.01) and more extensive initial resection (P = 0.02), but not Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score at the time of diagnosis or recurrence, predicted a higher chance of selection for reoperation after initial @entity1 recurrence. Twenty-eight percent of the @entity0 had improved KPS scores after undergoing reoperation, 49% were stable, and 23% had declines in KPS scores of 10 to 30 points. There was no operative mortality. After reoperation, 85% of the @entity0 received chemotherapy, 11% received brachytherapy or underwent stereotactic radiosurgery, and 17% underwent third resections. The median survival period after reoperation was 36 weeks. Higher preoperative KPS scores predicted longer survival periods after reoperation (P = 0.03). Age and interval since diagnosis were not significant prognostic factors. The median high-quality survival period (KPS score, > or =70) was 18 weeks. The median survival period after first @entity1 progression was 23 weeks for 130 @entity0 treated using the same protocols who did not undergo reoperations. @entity0 who did undergo reoperations experienced clinically and statistically significantly longer survival periods. However, this was determined to be partially because of selection bias. CONCLUSION: Survival after resection of recurrent @entity2 remains poor despite advances in imaging, operative technique, and adjuvant therapies. High-quality survival after resection of recurrence to treat @entity2 seems to have increased significantly since an earlier report from our institution.

title: Survival and functional status after resection of recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to evaluate the pathological changes associated with radiation treatment (stereotactic radiosurgery or conventional irradiation) of angiographically occult @entity6 (AOVMs). METHODS: Eleven @entity0 underwent surgical resection of an AOVM in the mesial temporal lobe, brain stem, thalamus, or basal ganglia after previous radiation treatment. The indications for surgery were recurrent symptomatic @entity5 from the lesion in 10 @entity0 and recurrent intractable @entity4 in 1 @entity0 . Radiation was used as the initial therapy because the risk of surgical resection was deemed too high. Three @entity0 received conventional radiation therapy of 3000 to 5400 rads at an outside institution. One @entity0 received radiosurgery with the gamma knife at another institution using a dose of 15 Gy to the margin. The remaining 7 @entity0 received stereotactic radiosurgery with a helium-ion particle beam. The dose range was from 18 to 26 Gy equivalents. The interval from radiation to surgical resection ranged from 1 to 10 years, with a mean of 3.5 years. These lesions were compared with 10 nonirradiated cavernous malformations. RESULTS: One @entity2 was identified pathologically as a true @entity7 despite being angiographically occult. This lesion did not demonstrate significant changes in the vasculature but did have radiation @entity1 of the surrounding brain 5 years after 25 Gy equivalents of helium-ion radiosurgery. Two other specimens were too small to identify the type of @entity6 adequately. Of the remaining eight malformations identified as cavernous malformations, six showed a combination of marked @entity3 of the vascular channels, @entity1 , and ferrugination. However, the @entity1 was the only finding unique to the @entity2 compared with nonirradiated controls. All the @entity2 still had patent vascular channels; none were completely thrombosed. CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery or conventional radiation therapy did not cause histologic vascular obliteration in intracranial AOVMs evaluated 1 to 10 years (mean 3.5 yr) after radiation delivery. It should be recognized that these @entity0 are irradiation failures who may not be representative of all irradiated @entity0 . However, recurrent @entity5 from AOVMs may relate to poor radiation response in some @entity0 .

title: Pathological changes in surgically resected angiographically occult XXXX after radiation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) may be useful for immunotherapy against @entity1 because it can reverse the @entity1 -induced suppression of T-cell proliferation and @entity7 production. We postulated that peripheral infusion of @entity4 along with irradiated @entity0 cells can lead to immunological rejection of 9L @entity1 . METHODS: 9L @entity0 were established in syngeneic Fischer 344 @entity2 . Osmotic minipumps delivered @entity4 subcutaneously, and irradiated 9L cells were injected on Days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21. @entity0 volumes were measured by a blinded observer. For @entity0 rechallenge, animals initially cured of 9L @entity0 received either another @entity0 or a stereotactic injection of 10(6) 9L cells into the right striatum. @entity3 was measured after injecting 10(6) irradiated 9L @entity0 cells into the right pinnae. RESULTS: @entity0 growth curves were significantly different between treated and control animals. Among the animals that received 1 ng per day of @entity4 , 40% did not develop any measurable @entity0 at all. A combination of irradiated 9L cells and @entity4 was necessary for optimal effect. Cured animals rejected @entity0 . All animals rechallenged with intraparenchymal @entity6 survived, whereas control animals all died by Day 22. @entity3 measurements showed a specific and long-lasting response against 9L cells. CONCLUSION: Continuous administration of the lymphokine @entity4 , in the presence of irradiated @entity0 cells for antigen presentation, circumvents the need for gene transfection for generating @entity0 cell vaccines. We have demonstrated that the combination of @entity4 and irradiated @entity0 cells can lead to regression of 9L @entity0 and resistance to future @entity5 challenges.

title: XXXX -based immunotherapy against @entity2 9L @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) may be useful for immunotherapy against @entity1 because it can reverse the @entity1 -induced suppression of T-cell proliferation and @entity7 production. We postulated that peripheral infusion of @entity4 along with irradiated @entity0 cells can lead to immunological rejection of 9L @entity1 . METHODS: 9L @entity0 were established in syngeneic Fischer 344 @entity2 . Osmotic minipumps delivered @entity4 subcutaneously, and irradiated 9L cells were injected on Days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21. @entity0 volumes were measured by a blinded observer. For @entity0 rechallenge, animals initially cured of 9L @entity0 received either another @entity0 or a stereotactic injection of 10(6) 9L cells into the right striatum. @entity3 was measured after injecting 10(6) irradiated 9L @entity0 cells into the right pinnae. RESULTS: @entity0 growth curves were significantly different between treated and control animals. Among the animals that received 1 ng per day of @entity4 , 40% did not develop any measurable @entity0 at all. A combination of irradiated 9L cells and @entity4 was necessary for optimal effect. Cured animals rejected @entity0 . All animals rechallenged with intraparenchymal @entity6 survived, whereas control animals all died by Day 22. @entity3 measurements showed a specific and long-lasting response against 9L cells. CONCLUSION: Continuous administration of the lymphokine @entity4 , in the presence of irradiated @entity0 cells for antigen presentation, circumvents the need for gene transfection for generating @entity0 cell vaccines. We have demonstrated that the combination of @entity4 and irradiated @entity0 cells can lead to regression of 9L @entity0 and resistance to future @entity5 challenges.

title: @entity4 -based immunotherapy against @entity2 9L XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) may be useful for immunotherapy against @entity1 because it can reverse the @entity1 -induced suppression of T-cell proliferation and @entity7 production. We postulated that peripheral infusion of @entity4 along with irradiated @entity0 cells can lead to immunological rejection of 9L @entity1 . METHODS: 9L @entity0 were established in syngeneic Fischer 344 @entity2 . Osmotic minipumps delivered @entity4 subcutaneously, and irradiated 9L cells were injected on Days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21. @entity0 volumes were measured by a blinded observer. For @entity0 rechallenge, animals initially cured of 9L @entity0 received either another @entity0 or a stereotactic injection of 10(6) 9L cells into the right striatum. @entity3 was measured after injecting 10(6) irradiated 9L @entity0 cells into the right pinnae. RESULTS: @entity0 growth curves were significantly different between treated and control animals. Among the animals that received 1 ng per day of @entity4 , 40% did not develop any measurable @entity0 at all. A combination of irradiated 9L cells and @entity4 was necessary for optimal effect. Cured animals rejected @entity0 . All animals rechallenged with intraparenchymal @entity6 survived, whereas control animals all died by Day 22. @entity3 measurements showed a specific and long-lasting response against 9L cells. CONCLUSION: Continuous administration of the lymphokine @entity4 , in the presence of irradiated @entity0 cells for antigen presentation, circumvents the need for gene transfection for generating @entity0 cell vaccines. We have demonstrated that the combination of @entity4 and irradiated @entity0 cells can lead to regression of 9L @entity0 and resistance to future @entity5 challenges.

title: @entity4 -based immunotherapy against XXXX 9L @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 -microglobulin @entity4 (A beta 2m) is a serious complication for @entity0 undergoing long-term dialysis. @entity2 modified with advanced glycation end products (beta 2m-AGE) is a major component of the amyloid in A beta 2m. It is not completely understood whether beta 2m-AGE plays an active role in the pathogenesis of A beta 2m, or if its presence is a secondary event of the disease. @entity2 amyloid is mainly located in @entity1 that are rich in collagen, and local fibroblasts constitute the principal cell population in the synthesis and metabolism of collagen. Recent identification of AGE binding proteins on @entity0 fibroblasts lead to the hypothesis that the fibroblast may be a target for the biological action of beta 2m-AGE. The present study demonstrated that two @entity0 fibroblast cell lines exhibited a decrease in procollagen type I mRNA and type I collagen synthesis after exposure to beta 2m-AGE for 72 hours. Similar results were observed using AGE-modified albumin. Antibody against the @entity6 , the receptor for AGE, attenuated this decrease in synthesis, indicating that the response was partially mediated by @entity6 . In addition, antibody against epidermal growth factor (EGF) attenuated the decrease in @entity5 mRNA and type I collagen induced by beta 2m-AGE, suggesting that EGF acts as an intermediate factor. These findings support the hypothesis that beta 2m-AGE actively participates in connective tissue and bone remodeling via a pathway involving fibroblast @entity6 , and at least one interposed mediator, the growth factor EGF.

title: XXXX -microglobulin modified with advanced glycation end products modulates collagen synthesis by @entity0 fibroblasts.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 -microglobulin @entity4 (A beta 2m) is a serious complication for @entity0 undergoing long-term dialysis. @entity2 modified with advanced glycation end products (beta 2m-AGE) is a major component of the amyloid in A beta 2m. It is not completely understood whether beta 2m-AGE plays an active role in the pathogenesis of A beta 2m, or if its presence is a secondary event of the disease. @entity2 amyloid is mainly located in @entity1 that are rich in collagen, and local fibroblasts constitute the principal cell population in the synthesis and metabolism of collagen. Recent identification of AGE binding proteins on @entity0 fibroblasts lead to the hypothesis that the fibroblast may be a target for the biological action of beta 2m-AGE. The present study demonstrated that two @entity0 fibroblast cell lines exhibited a decrease in procollagen type I mRNA and type I collagen synthesis after exposure to beta 2m-AGE for 72 hours. Similar results were observed using AGE-modified albumin. Antibody against the @entity6 , the receptor for AGE, attenuated this decrease in synthesis, indicating that the response was partially mediated by @entity6 . In addition, antibody against epidermal growth factor (EGF) attenuated the decrease in @entity5 mRNA and type I collagen induced by beta 2m-AGE, suggesting that EGF acts as an intermediate factor. These findings support the hypothesis that beta 2m-AGE actively participates in connective tissue and bone remodeling via a pathway involving fibroblast @entity6 , and at least one interposed mediator, the growth factor EGF.

title: @entity3 -microglobulin modified with advanced glycation end products modulates collagen synthesis by XXXX fibroblasts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: We attempted dose escalation of standard-fractionated and accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with concurrent @entity6 and @entity11 to improve local control and survival in unresectable @entity7 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity0 were enrolled between June 1996 and August 1997. There were 19 males and two females and their median age was 65 years (range 45-74 years). Performance status was 0 in 10 cases and 1 in 11 cases. Disease stage was IIIA in three cases and IIIB in 18 cases. The cases were randomized to a standard-fractionated arm (n = 10) or an accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy arm (n = 11) with two or three cycles of concomitant @entity6 80 mg/m(2) on day 1 and @entity11 3 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks in both arms. Dose escalation from 60 Gy/30 fractions/6 weeks to 70 Gy/35 fractions/7 weeks was planned in the standard-fractionated radiotherapy group and from 54 Gy/36 fractions/3.6 weeks to 60 Gy/40 fractions/4 weeks and then 66 Gy/44 fractions/4.4 weeks in the accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy group. RESULTS: Grade 3 or 4 hematological @entity1 were observed as follows: in the standard-fractionated/accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy group, @entity9 9/10, @entity2 2/3 and @entity5 0/2. Grade 3 non-hematological @entity1 consisted of @entity10 0/3, increased serum total @entity4 2/0 and @entity3 0/1. Two @entity0 died of @entity8 in the standard-fractionated radiotherapy group. Dose-limiting @entity1 was observed in four of the 10 and seven of the 11 @entity0 at initial dose level of standard-fractionated radiotherapy, 60 Gy/30 fractions/6 weeks, and of accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy, 54 Gy/36 fractions/3.6 weeks, respectively. Thus, we failed to escalate the dose of radiotherapy in both arms. The overall response rate in the standard-fractionated group and the accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy group was 70 and 73% and the 1-year survival rate was 70 and 64%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that these schedules of radiotherapy with concurrent @entity6 and @entity11 were unacceptable for use in @entity0 with unresectable @entity7 . Further modifications of the schedule for radiotherapy and evaluation of combination with new chemotherapy are warranted.

title: Randomized phase I study of standard-fractionated or accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent XXXX and @entity11 for unresectable @entity7 : a report of Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG 9601).

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: We attempted dose escalation of standard-fractionated and accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with concurrent @entity6 and @entity11 to improve local control and survival in unresectable @entity7 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity0 were enrolled between June 1996 and August 1997. There were 19 males and two females and their median age was 65 years (range 45-74 years). Performance status was 0 in 10 cases and 1 in 11 cases. Disease stage was IIIA in three cases and IIIB in 18 cases. The cases were randomized to a standard-fractionated arm (n = 10) or an accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy arm (n = 11) with two or three cycles of concomitant @entity6 80 mg/m(2) on day 1 and @entity11 3 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks in both arms. Dose escalation from 60 Gy/30 fractions/6 weeks to 70 Gy/35 fractions/7 weeks was planned in the standard-fractionated radiotherapy group and from 54 Gy/36 fractions/3.6 weeks to 60 Gy/40 fractions/4 weeks and then 66 Gy/44 fractions/4.4 weeks in the accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy group. RESULTS: Grade 3 or 4 hematological @entity1 were observed as follows: in the standard-fractionated/accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy group, @entity9 9/10, @entity2 2/3 and @entity5 0/2. Grade 3 non-hematological @entity1 consisted of @entity10 0/3, increased serum total @entity4 2/0 and @entity3 0/1. Two @entity0 died of @entity8 in the standard-fractionated radiotherapy group. Dose-limiting @entity1 was observed in four of the 10 and seven of the 11 @entity0 at initial dose level of standard-fractionated radiotherapy, 60 Gy/30 fractions/6 weeks, and of accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy, 54 Gy/36 fractions/3.6 weeks, respectively. Thus, we failed to escalate the dose of radiotherapy in both arms. The overall response rate in the standard-fractionated group and the accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy group was 70 and 73% and the 1-year survival rate was 70 and 64%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that these schedules of radiotherapy with concurrent @entity6 and @entity11 were unacceptable for use in @entity0 with unresectable @entity7 . Further modifications of the schedule for radiotherapy and evaluation of combination with new chemotherapy are warranted.

title: Randomized phase I study of standard-fractionated or accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent @entity6 and @entity11 for unresectable XXXX : a report of Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG 9601).

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: We attempted dose escalation of standard-fractionated and accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with concurrent @entity6 and @entity11 to improve local control and survival in unresectable @entity7 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity0 were enrolled between June 1996 and August 1997. There were 19 males and two females and their median age was 65 years (range 45-74 years). Performance status was 0 in 10 cases and 1 in 11 cases. Disease stage was IIIA in three cases and IIIB in 18 cases. The cases were randomized to a standard-fractionated arm (n = 10) or an accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy arm (n = 11) with two or three cycles of concomitant @entity6 80 mg/m(2) on day 1 and @entity11 3 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks in both arms. Dose escalation from 60 Gy/30 fractions/6 weeks to 70 Gy/35 fractions/7 weeks was planned in the standard-fractionated radiotherapy group and from 54 Gy/36 fractions/3.6 weeks to 60 Gy/40 fractions/4 weeks and then 66 Gy/44 fractions/4.4 weeks in the accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy group. RESULTS: Grade 3 or 4 hematological @entity1 were observed as follows: in the standard-fractionated/accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy group, @entity9 9/10, @entity2 2/3 and @entity5 0/2. Grade 3 non-hematological @entity1 consisted of @entity10 0/3, increased serum total @entity4 2/0 and @entity3 0/1. Two @entity0 died of @entity8 in the standard-fractionated radiotherapy group. Dose-limiting @entity1 was observed in four of the 10 and seven of the 11 @entity0 at initial dose level of standard-fractionated radiotherapy, 60 Gy/30 fractions/6 weeks, and of accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy, 54 Gy/36 fractions/3.6 weeks, respectively. Thus, we failed to escalate the dose of radiotherapy in both arms. The overall response rate in the standard-fractionated group and the accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy group was 70 and 73% and the 1-year survival rate was 70 and 64%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that these schedules of radiotherapy with concurrent @entity6 and @entity11 were unacceptable for use in @entity0 with unresectable @entity7 . Further modifications of the schedule for radiotherapy and evaluation of combination with new chemotherapy are warranted.

title: Randomized phase I study of standard-fractionated or accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent @entity6 and XXXX for unresectable @entity7 : a report of Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG 9601).

answer: @entity11


abstract: We report an extremely rare case of @entity5 arising from a remnant esophagus. A 52-year-old Japanese @entity0 was referred to our hospital for treatment of a @entity2 arising from the remnant esophagus. Four years earlier, he underwent a subtotal esophagectomy for @entity4 (well differentiated @entity3 , T1N0M0 Stage I) located in the lower esophagus. After preoperative studies, partial esophagectomy with laryngeal preservation and reconstruction using a free graft from the jejunum were performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination revealed @entity5 without @entity1 . Immunohistochemical examination showed that most @entity2 cells were positive for smooth muscle actin and @entity6 , but were negative for cytokeratin and @entity8 . The deeply biopsied specimens are helpful for preoperative histological diagnosis. Mitotic activity has been considered an important criterion of @entity2 . However, some cases with minimal mitosis in the @entity2 grow rapidly and were associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, we advocate that the clinical behavior is the only true indication of @entity2 . We also provide a review of 64 cases of @entity7 reported in the Japanese literature with available data between 1969 and 1999, including the present case, and discuss their clinicopathological features. Asynchronous occurrence of @entity5 and @entity3 in the esophagus is most unusual and has never been reported. @entity0 with infiltrating @entity5 measuring more than 5 cm in diameter tend to have a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy did not exhibit any survival benefits. In the present @entity0 , no recurrence has been noted for 23 months after surgery.

title: XXXX arising in a remnant esophagus after esophagectomy: a case report.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Peritoneal @entity1 is an important feature in many @entity0 presenting with @entity3 . The contribution of peritoneal nerve fibres to @entity2 experienced after appendicectomy has received little attention. METHOD: In this prospective double blind randomized study a consecutive series of 60 @entity0 undergoing appendicectomy for suspected @entity3 were enrolled. A dose of 1.5 mg.kg-1 @entity5 0.5% was used. Group one @entity0 received the entire dose of @entity5 subcutaneously. Group two @entity0 received half the dose subcutaneously (s.c.) and half the dose to the peritoneum. @entity2 scores were assessed pre-operatively and at 30 min, 12 and 24 hr post-operatively using a visual analogue scale. Time to first @entity4 and total @entity4 requirements in the first 24 hr were recorded. RESULTS: The @entity0 receiving the s.c. combined with peritoneal @entity5 had a lower @entity2 score 30 min post-operatively (32 +/- 2 vs 54 +/- 4; P < 0.0001), a longer time to first @entity4 (248 +/- 20 vs 164 +/- 17 min; P = 0.002) as well as lower opioid (68 +/- 5 vs 100 +/- 7 mg; P = 0.0002) and non steroidal analgesic requirements (65 +/- 6 vs 96 +/- 6 mg; P = 0.007) in the first 24 hr post-operatively. CONCLUSION: A combination of s.c. and peritoneal infiltration with @entity5 is superior to skin infiltration alone in the relief of @entity2 post appendicectomy.

title: XXXX following appendicectomy--the value of peritoneal @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Peritoneal @entity1 is an important feature in many @entity0 presenting with @entity3 . The contribution of peritoneal nerve fibres to @entity2 experienced after appendicectomy has received little attention. METHOD: In this prospective double blind randomized study a consecutive series of 60 @entity0 undergoing appendicectomy for suspected @entity3 were enrolled. A dose of 1.5 mg.kg-1 @entity5 0.5% was used. Group one @entity0 received the entire dose of @entity5 subcutaneously. Group two @entity0 received half the dose subcutaneously (s.c.) and half the dose to the peritoneum. @entity2 scores were assessed pre-operatively and at 30 min, 12 and 24 hr post-operatively using a visual analogue scale. Time to first @entity4 and total @entity4 requirements in the first 24 hr were recorded. RESULTS: The @entity0 receiving the s.c. combined with peritoneal @entity5 had a lower @entity2 score 30 min post-operatively (32 +/- 2 vs 54 +/- 4; P < 0.0001), a longer time to first @entity4 (248 +/- 20 vs 164 +/- 17 min; P = 0.002) as well as lower opioid (68 +/- 5 vs 100 +/- 7 mg; P = 0.0002) and non steroidal analgesic requirements (65 +/- 6 vs 96 +/- 6 mg; P = 0.007) in the first 24 hr post-operatively. CONCLUSION: A combination of s.c. and peritoneal infiltration with @entity5 is superior to skin infiltration alone in the relief of @entity2 post appendicectomy.

title: @entity4 following appendicectomy--the value of peritoneal XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity2 may lead to irreversible damage of optic nerve fibers. To preserve visual functions, a decompression of the optic nerve is recommended by means of a fenestration of the optic nerve sheath. In this study long-term results after optic nerve sheath fenestration in @entity0 with idiopathic @entity5 cerebri are reported. @entity0 AND METHODS: 14 @entity0 were re-examined 15 to 145 months (mean 62 months) after a fenestration of the retrobulbar optic nerve sheath on 23 eyes by a transconjunctival approach. Surgery was done to treat progressive @entity1 or in severe obscurations. The @entity0 's symptoms, visual acuity, visual fields, and ophthalmoscopic findings of the optic nerve head and the central fundus were compared to the preoperative status. RESULTS: Re-examination revealed improvement or stabilisation of objective and subjective findings in 17 eyes, one of them was operated on the more involved contralateral side only. Six eyes showed a recurrence of the @entity2 without a functional change for the worse after an interval of 7 to 121 months. Three eyes of two @entity0 ended up with @entity3 and extensive @entity1 . Preoperatively, these eyes had shown @entity4 wool spots in the optic nerve head and a rapid deterioration of vision. CONCLUSIONS: Fenestration of the retrobulbar optic nerve sheath can prevent further @entity1 in most @entity0 with @entity5 cerebri, unless the eye has already become nearly blind. Postoperatively, ophthalmological controls are necessary at regular intervals because relapses after successful surgery can occur after months or years.

title: [Long-term outcome of optic nerve sheath fenestration in XXXX cerebri].

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity0 is the second most frequent @entity2 in African females. @entity0 in African females appear about a decade earlier and follow a more aggressive clinical course than those in developed countries. To elucidate this difference we investigated 63 biopsied benign lesions of the female breast for their potential to malignant progression. We also performed histologic typing and grading of 184 female @entity0 received at the Muhimbili University Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. @entity6 and @entity4 were the most frequent lesions. The majority of @entity1 with @entity6 had no proliferative lesion and thus were not at a significantly increased risk of developing @entity0 . For @entity4 , no indication for @entity5 was found. The vast majority of @entity0 investigated were invasive. As a striking feature, the majority of those studied (66%) were of the non-special type (NST), displaying a more aggressive behaviour than the remaining @entity2 of the special type (ST). In the group of @entity2 , cribriform types constituted 41% of the cases which may be a special feature of the @entity3 in African females. Among the NST, the @entity2 were either of grade II or grade III, whereas in ST, 25% of the cases were of grade I. Since histology observed in this study is comparable to that seen in @entity1 from the Western society, late hospital presentation with advanced @entity2 stages may be a major reason for differences in clinical behaviour between African and Western females. A genetic factor, however, may be an important contributing factor.

title: XXXX of the female breast in a sub-Saharan African population.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early detection of recurrent transitional cell @entity1 (TCC) is important to permit early treatment, which produces maximal preservation of the bladder and maximum survival. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study attempted to determine the period of time over which urinary DNA image analysis combined with visual cytology is useful in the early detection of recurrent @entity2 . The authors believe this study is unique in that it measured the effectiveness of this test (image analysis plus visual cytology combined) at varying times before clinical diagnosis of recurrence was made. The cohort was comprised of 175 urologic @entity0 from urologic practices across the U.S. Data, collected between January 1991 and February 1994, included cystoscopy, biopsy, DNA image analysis, and visual cytologic reports. RESULTS: Sixty @entity0 in the cohort were found to have active TCC whereas 115 @entity0 had a history of, but no active, disease during the follow-up period. As expected, the sensitivity and specificity of DNA image analysis in combination with visual cytology, and DNA image analysis alone, were greatest when urinary samples were obtained close to the time of diagnosis. In general, the longer the interval from the combined tests to the time of diagnosis, the lower the sensitivity. The combined tests had predictive value up to 3 months prior to clinical diagnosis when any detectable cytologic abnormality was considered positive. At the optimal cutoff points as determined from receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity increased when DNA image analysis was supplemented with visual cytology. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of DNA image analysis and visual cytology provides a better method for the early detection of recurrent TCC than DNA image analysis alone. This test potentially may be useful in providing information regarding @entity1 recurrence up to 3 months prior to clinical evidence of disease.

title: Image analysis combined with visual cytology in the early detection of recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acquired @entity6 is a rare @entity1 resulting from impaired adhesive function of the platelet receptor @entity8 /IIIa (alpha(IIb)beta3). Typically, this disorder develops during adulthood, with @entity0 manifesting fluctuating clinical and laboratory findings. To date, the underlying defect of most if not all cases of acquired @entity6 results from an autoantibody or plasma protein inhibitor directed toward a demonstrably normal @entity8 /IIIa glycoprotein. METHODS: In this report, a @entity0 with a history of treated @entity4 presented with a severe @entity1 characterized by mild @entity3 , a prolonged bleeding time, and defective @entity7 . RESULTS: Examination of the @entity0 's platelet @entity8 /IIIa by Western blot analysis revealed no abnormality. Mixing studies demonstrated a non-immunoglobulin G plasma inhibitory factor, whereas flow cytometry analysis revealed elevated platelet-associated immunoglobulin (Ig) M. After an emergency colectomy for severe @entity1 , the @entity0 's qualitative and quantitative platelet parameters significantly improved. Pathology of the resected colonic segment demonstrated atypical @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of acquired @entity6 associated with a putative IgM autoantibody. Furthermore, this report verifies the association of acquired @entity6 with @entity5 . Although rare, awareness of this @entity1 as a possible sequelae of active or treated @entity2 should encourage clinical vigilance of these @entity0 .

title: Acquired @entity6 associated with XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acquired @entity6 is a rare @entity1 resulting from impaired adhesive function of the platelet receptor @entity8 /IIIa (alpha(IIb)beta3). Typically, this disorder develops during adulthood, with @entity0 manifesting fluctuating clinical and laboratory findings. To date, the underlying defect of most if not all cases of acquired @entity6 results from an autoantibody or plasma protein inhibitor directed toward a demonstrably normal @entity8 /IIIa glycoprotein. METHODS: In this report, a @entity0 with a history of treated @entity4 presented with a severe @entity1 characterized by mild @entity3 , a prolonged bleeding time, and defective @entity7 . RESULTS: Examination of the @entity0 's platelet @entity8 /IIIa by Western blot analysis revealed no abnormality. Mixing studies demonstrated a non-immunoglobulin G plasma inhibitory factor, whereas flow cytometry analysis revealed elevated platelet-associated immunoglobulin (Ig) M. After an emergency colectomy for severe @entity1 , the @entity0 's qualitative and quantitative platelet parameters significantly improved. Pathology of the resected colonic segment demonstrated atypical @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of acquired @entity6 associated with a putative IgM autoantibody. Furthermore, this report verifies the association of acquired @entity6 with @entity5 . Although rare, awareness of this @entity1 as a possible sequelae of active or treated @entity2 should encourage clinical vigilance of these @entity0 .

title: Acquired XXXX associated with @entity4 : a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity6


abstract: There have been only a few endoscopic studies with respect to @entity10 and @entity7 , although there have been many autopsy studies of these lesions. The aim of this study was to clarify these lesions using endoscopy. Colonoscopy was performed on 11 of 341 @entity0 with @entity10 and on 32 of 105 @entity0 with @entity7 for frequent @entity4 , anal @entity5 or abnormal findings on barium enema examination, between April 1984 and September 1994. In eight of the 11 @entity0 with @entity10 on whom endoscopy was performed, nine lesions were found; aphthoid @entity8 , small @entity1 due to @entity14 were found in five, and @entity13 was found in only one patient. Antibiotic-associated @entity5 or @entity15 was found in one @entity0 each. In 10 of the 32 @entity0 with @entity7 , 11 lesions were found. The following were found in one @entity0 each: large @entity1 , a large @entity8 , multiple small polypoid lesions, @entity9 ; and @entity2 or @entity6 in six @entity0 . However, the autopsy findings in @entity0 with both diseases were mostly @entity15 or @entity8 due to @entity12 . It is concluded that accurate endoscopic diagnosis of lower @entity11 in @entity0 with @entity10 or @entity7 is essential for staging and treatment of these diseases and for determining their prognosis. @entity3 in @entity10 are aphthoid and small @entity8 are due to @entity14 or antibiotics; most lesions in @entity7 are @entity3 such as @entity1 , @entity6 or @entity3 as determined by endoscopy. This is in contrast to @entity15 or @entity8 due to @entity12 which are detected at autopsy.

title: Endoscopic diagnosis of XXXX and @entity7 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: There have been only a few endoscopic studies with respect to @entity10 and @entity7 , although there have been many autopsy studies of these lesions. The aim of this study was to clarify these lesions using endoscopy. Colonoscopy was performed on 11 of 341 @entity0 with @entity10 and on 32 of 105 @entity0 with @entity7 for frequent @entity4 , anal @entity5 or abnormal findings on barium enema examination, between April 1984 and September 1994. In eight of the 11 @entity0 with @entity10 on whom endoscopy was performed, nine lesions were found; aphthoid @entity8 , small @entity1 due to @entity14 were found in five, and @entity13 was found in only one patient. Antibiotic-associated @entity5 or @entity15 was found in one @entity0 each. In 10 of the 32 @entity0 with @entity7 , 11 lesions were found. The following were found in one @entity0 each: large @entity1 , a large @entity8 , multiple small polypoid lesions, @entity9 ; and @entity2 or @entity6 in six @entity0 . However, the autopsy findings in @entity0 with both diseases were mostly @entity15 or @entity8 due to @entity12 . It is concluded that accurate endoscopic diagnosis of lower @entity11 in @entity0 with @entity10 or @entity7 is essential for staging and treatment of these diseases and for determining their prognosis. @entity3 in @entity10 are aphthoid and small @entity8 are due to @entity14 or antibiotics; most lesions in @entity7 are @entity3 such as @entity1 , @entity6 or @entity3 as determined by endoscopy. This is in contrast to @entity15 or @entity8 due to @entity12 which are detected at autopsy.

title: Endoscopic diagnosis of @entity10 and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The functional properties of the transport of @entity1 across the @entity6 erythrocyte membrane were investigated. The animal population studied (male Leghorn @entity6 , 6-14 weeks old) was found to consist of two groups presenting either low (LT, 19 individuals) or @entity4 ( @entity4 , 20 individuals). The rates of influx in the two groups, measured at a concentration of @entity10 of 1 microm, differed by a factor of 34. The transport activities observed in LT and @entity4 erythrocytes were compatible with the general features of system y+L, but showed some differences in specificity. The transporter in the LT group was found to bind @entity10 , @entity8 , @entity7 and @entity11 with high affinity, in the presence of @entity5 , as described for system y+L in @entity0 erythrocytes. The activity present in @entity4 erythrocytes exhibited a much lower affinity for @entity8 , but was able to interact strongly with @entity11 and @entity7 . The specificity pattern of the @entity4 transporter, has not been described in other cell types. In other respects, the properties of the two systems were similar. @entity5 replacement with @entity3 , drastically reduced the affinity for @entity8 , without affecting @entity1 transport. Both transporters function as tightly coupled exchangers, are inactivated by @entity12 and resistant to @entity9 . These findings explain previous results obtained in selective breeding experiments of @entity6 with high and low @entity2 transport activity.

title: System y+L-like activities account for high and low XXXX transport phenotypes in @entity6 erythrocytes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The functional properties of the transport of @entity1 across the @entity6 erythrocyte membrane were investigated. The animal population studied (male Leghorn @entity6 , 6-14 weeks old) was found to consist of two groups presenting either low (LT, 19 individuals) or @entity4 ( @entity4 , 20 individuals). The rates of influx in the two groups, measured at a concentration of @entity10 of 1 microm, differed by a factor of 34. The transport activities observed in LT and @entity4 erythrocytes were compatible with the general features of system y+L, but showed some differences in specificity. The transporter in the LT group was found to bind @entity10 , @entity8 , @entity7 and @entity11 with high affinity, in the presence of @entity5 , as described for system y+L in @entity0 erythrocytes. The activity present in @entity4 erythrocytes exhibited a much lower affinity for @entity8 , but was able to interact strongly with @entity11 and @entity7 . The specificity pattern of the @entity4 transporter, has not been described in other cell types. In other respects, the properties of the two systems were similar. @entity5 replacement with @entity3 , drastically reduced the affinity for @entity8 , without affecting @entity1 transport. Both transporters function as tightly coupled exchangers, are inactivated by @entity12 and resistant to @entity9 . These findings explain previous results obtained in selective breeding experiments of @entity6 with high and low @entity2 transport activity.

title: System y+L-like activities account for high and low @entity2 transport phenotypes in XXXX erythrocytes.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Although the treatment of @entity5 remains controversial, high viscosity and small volume are poor prognostic indicators for successful burr hole aspiration and cortical incision via craniotomy may be associated with @entity2 . The anterior transcallosal approach provides a direct and adequate pathway to the lateral ventricles, where the foramen of Monro serves as a natural entrance into the anterior third ventricle, especially when the foramen is dilated by a lesion. When the midsuperior portion of the IIIrd ventricle cannot be reached, the interforniceal or the subchoroidal exposures have been advocated. Stereotactic techniques contribute to a minimal invasive approach and reduce morbidity. Nine @entity0 harbouring anterior third @entity1 (seven colloids and two @entity3 ) underwent anterior transcallosal microsurgical excision assisted by an interactive infrared-based image guided system (EasyGuide, Neuro, Philips). There were 4 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 ranging in age from 15 to 42 years (mean 28.5). Transcallosal transforaminal (5 cases) or interforniceal (4 cases) approaches allowed total excision in eight @entity0 and subtotal in one. Postoperative morbidity included a case of @entity4 and a case of transient short-term memory disturbances; both resolved in the first months. Mortality was zero. Particular advantages of the method were accurate trajectory and position of callosotomy incision determination, visualisation and avoidance of superior saggital sinus, retraction of bridging veins and the often variable pericallosal arteries, spatial orientation within the ventricular system, and identification of the periventricular anatomical structures.

title: Interactive image-guided transcallosal microsurgery for anterior third XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We compared the capacity of cultured @entity0 endothelial cells (EC) vs B lymphoblastoid cells ( @entity4 ) from the same donor to stimulate allogeneic @entity3 + T cells to differentiate into CTL, assaying for @entity1 , T cell growth, @entity2 secretion, and perforin expression. The input cell number affected specificity and potency of the resulting CTL. At low input (<10(5) cells/ well), anti-EC CTL were rarely detected. At high input (>10(6) cells/well), anti-EC CTL developed that displayed unrestricted, low-titer killing and an unstable phenotype. At intermediate input (1.0-2.5 x 10(5) cells/well), classical class I MHC-restricted, @entity3 +, and perforin-positive anti-EC CTL developed with reproducible frequencies. However, under all conditions EC were less efficient stimulators than @entity4 from the same donor. Anti-EC CTL did not kill @entity4 , whereas anti- @entity4 CTL killed @entity4 and EC from the same donor with comparable efficiency. When @entity3 + T lymphocytes were grown in the presence of EC and @entity4 together, the differentiation of anti- @entity4 CTL was completely suppressed, while the anti-EC response was intact. The inhibition of the allogeneic anti- @entity4 CTL response was independent of T cell-EC contact, and proliferation of @entity3 + T cells was inhibited by EC-conditioned medium. We conclude that EC are competent but less efficient activators of CTL differentiation than are @entity4 and that EC actively regulate differentiation and/or expansion of allospecific CTL.

title: XXXX endothelial cells induce and regulate cytolytic T cell differentiation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The first recorded outbreak of @entity3 in Kenya occurred from mid-1992 through March 1993 in the south Kerio Valley, Rift Valley Province. We conducted entomologic studies in February-March 1993 to identify the likely vectors and determine the potential for transmission in the surrounding rural and urban areas. Mosquitoes were collected by landing capture and processed for virus isolation. Container surveys were conducted around @entity0 habitation. Transmission was mainly in woodland of varying density, at altitudes of 1,300-1,800 m. The abundance of Aedes africanus in this biotope, and two isolations of virus from pools of this species, suggest that it was the principal vector in the main period of the outbreak. A third isolate was made from a pool of Ae. keniensis, a little-known species that was collected in the same biotope. Other known @entity3 vectors that were collected in the arid parts of the valley may have been involved at an earlier stage of the epidemic. @entity1 and @entity2 were present in the outbreak area. Peridomestic mosquito species were absent but abundant at urban sites outside the outbreak area. The entomologic and epidemiologic evidence indicate that this was a sylvatic outbreak in which @entity0 cases were directly linked to the epizootic and were independent of other @entity0 cases. The region of the Kerio Valley is probably subject to recurrent wandering epizootics of @entity3 , although previous episodes of scattered @entity0 infection have gone unrecorded. The risk that the disease could emerge as an urban problem in Kenya should not be ignored.

title: First recorded outbreak of XXXX in Kenya, 1992-1993. II. Entomologic investigations.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the hypotheses that reduction of @entity3 and blocking of the @entity2 receptor channel complex would be beneficial for both @entity1 reduction and developmental progress in @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: We administered @entity5 (at doses of 500 to 750 mg/kg/day) and @entity7 (at doses of 3.5 to 22.5 mg/kg/day) to four @entity0 with @entity6 with follow-up of 3 months to 6 years. RESULTS: @entity5 reduced to normal the @entity3 concentration in plasma and substantially reduced but did not normalize the @entity3 concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. @entity7 was a potent anticonvulsant in some but not all @entity0 . There was remarkable interpatient variability in @entity7 metabolism. Three @entity0 are living (ages ranging from 4 to 6 years) and are moderately to severely developmentally delayed; two are free of @entity1 . The third @entity0 , with the slowest development, had intractable @entity1 for nearly a month before diagnosis, and although @entity1 -free for 30 months, now has @entity4 . One @entity0 died of intractable @entity1 at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes suggest that @entity5 and @entity7 are not uniformly effective in @entity6 , but for some @entity0 they improve arousal, decrease or eliminate @entity1 , and allow for some developmental progress. Trials with additional @entity0 and other receptor channel blockers are warranted.

title: Long-term use of high-dose @entity5 and XXXX for the treatment of @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the hypotheses that reduction of @entity3 and blocking of the @entity2 receptor channel complex would be beneficial for both @entity1 reduction and developmental progress in @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: We administered @entity5 (at doses of 500 to 750 mg/kg/day) and @entity7 (at doses of 3.5 to 22.5 mg/kg/day) to four @entity0 with @entity6 with follow-up of 3 months to 6 years. RESULTS: @entity5 reduced to normal the @entity3 concentration in plasma and substantially reduced but did not normalize the @entity3 concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. @entity7 was a potent anticonvulsant in some but not all @entity0 . There was remarkable interpatient variability in @entity7 metabolism. Three @entity0 are living (ages ranging from 4 to 6 years) and are moderately to severely developmentally delayed; two are free of @entity1 . The third @entity0 , with the slowest development, had intractable @entity1 for nearly a month before diagnosis, and although @entity1 -free for 30 months, now has @entity4 . One @entity0 died of intractable @entity1 at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes suggest that @entity5 and @entity7 are not uniformly effective in @entity6 , but for some @entity0 they improve arousal, decrease or eliminate @entity1 , and allow for some developmental progress. Trials with additional @entity0 and other receptor channel blockers are warranted.

title: Long-term use of high-dose @entity5 and @entity7 for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the hypotheses that reduction of @entity3 and blocking of the @entity2 receptor channel complex would be beneficial for both @entity1 reduction and developmental progress in @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: We administered @entity5 (at doses of 500 to 750 mg/kg/day) and @entity7 (at doses of 3.5 to 22.5 mg/kg/day) to four @entity0 with @entity6 with follow-up of 3 months to 6 years. RESULTS: @entity5 reduced to normal the @entity3 concentration in plasma and substantially reduced but did not normalize the @entity3 concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. @entity7 was a potent anticonvulsant in some but not all @entity0 . There was remarkable interpatient variability in @entity7 metabolism. Three @entity0 are living (ages ranging from 4 to 6 years) and are moderately to severely developmentally delayed; two are free of @entity1 . The third @entity0 , with the slowest development, had intractable @entity1 for nearly a month before diagnosis, and although @entity1 -free for 30 months, now has @entity4 . One @entity0 died of intractable @entity1 at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes suggest that @entity5 and @entity7 are not uniformly effective in @entity6 , but for some @entity0 they improve arousal, decrease or eliminate @entity1 , and allow for some developmental progress. Trials with additional @entity0 and other receptor channel blockers are warranted.

title: Long-term use of high-dose XXXX and @entity7 for the treatment of @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Only 60 percent of @entity0 who experience @entity1 attacks seek treatment for them, many at the emergency department. The author documented care-seeking behaviors among @entity0 living in the community who had experienced @entity1 attacks and studied determinants of care seeking. METHODS: In-depth structured interviews were conducted with 97 randomly selected community-dwelling adults who met DSM-III-R criteria for @entity1 attacks. @entity0 were asked whether they had contemplated using or had actually used medical, alternative, and family sources of care when they had experienced their worst attack. RESULTS: Seventy-seven @entity0 (79 percent) had considered using a general medical or mental health site when they experienced their worst attack. Of these, 50 (52 percent) had actually used such a site. General medical sites were contemplated more often (72 percent of @entity0 ) than mental health sites (27 percent), particularly emergency departments (43 percent) and family physicians' offices (34 percent). Other sources, such as friends or family members, alternative sites, and self-treatment, were contemplated less often. Once contemplated, certain sources were readily used, such as ambulances, family members, and self-treatment. Several factors were significantly associated with whether a @entity0 contemplated seeking care: access or barriers to treatment, perception of symptoms and of the reasons for the @entity1 attack, and family-related variables. CONCLUSIONS: Contemplation and use of a mental health site after a @entity1 attack was rare among the @entity0 in this study. Further study of determinants of care seeking may help explain why @entity0 who experience @entity1 attacks fail to seek treatment or seek treatment from non-mental health sources.

title: Factors influencing care seeking for a self-defined worst XXXX attack.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effect of dietary @entity1 regimen and genetic capacity for lean tissue growth on the lactational performance of sows was determined in primiparous sows with a high (350 to 390 g/d) or low (240 to 280 g/d) genetic capacity for lean tissue growth from 18 to 110 kg of body weight. During lactation, sows were offered daily 6.5 kg of one of four fortified @entity4 - @entity2 meal diets containing .58, .77, .96, and 1.15% @entity0 (L). Litters were standardized to 14 @entity3 within 8 h after birth. On d 2 of lactation, the high lean growth (LG) sows possessed more proteinaceous tissues and protein and less fat tissue and lipid. During lactation (d 2 to 28 postpartum), high LG sows consumed more feed, mobilized more body protein, and lost less body lipid. Milk, milk energy, and milk @entity0 yields (pooled across dietary regimens) were similar between genotypes. As daily dietary @entity0 intakes increased from 27 to 62 g and total digestible @entity0 supplies (from diet and mobilized tissues) increased from 39 to 68 g, daily yields of milk, milk energy, and milk @entity0 increased, but the magnitude of the response differed (P < .05) between genotypes, evidently because of differences in the ability of the high and low LG sows to mobilize energy from body tissue. Based on these data, the lactational capacities of high and low LG sows nursing 12 to 14 @entity3 are similar when similar supplies of @entity0 and energy are available from dietary intake and mobilized body tissue stores. When supplies of ME do not limit milk synthesis, daily digestible @entity0 intakes of at least 54 g (> or = 66 g from a @entity4 -soy diet) are needed by these sows nursing litters of 12 to 14 @entity3 to support milk synthesis and minimize maternal protein losses. This is equivalent to a total digestible @entity0 need of 4.3 to 4.6 g/kg of milk produced. When ME provided by the diet is less than that needed to fuel maximum milk synthesis, however, the dietary @entity1 needs of genetically lean sows may be reduced because of their inability to mobilize sufficient body fat stores.

title: Effect of lean growth genotype and dietary XXXX regimen on the lactational performance of sows.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This report retrospectively reviews the presentation, management and outcome in 14 @entity0 with @entity6 . There were 7 males and 7 females, with a median age of 4 months (range 5 days-22 years). Most neonates and @entity0 presented with persistent or recurrent @entity3 while older @entity0 had recurrent @entity4 . Five @entity0 (36%) including 2, < 1 year and 3 older @entity0 developed midgut @entity8 . Malrotation was an incidental finding at laparotomy for unrelated conditions in 2 @entity0 (14%). Overall, preoperative diagnosis was not made in any @entity0 . Associated @entity1 were present in 3 (21%) @entity0 . Treatment was by Ladd's procedure in 12 (86%) @entity0 and caecopexy in 2 (14%) without recurrence of symptoms in any. One @entity0 each developed @entity7 and adhesive @entity5 requiring relaparotomy respectively. Mortality was 2 (14%) from @entity2 and hypokalaemia following midgut @entity8 . @entity0 presenting with recurrent or persistent @entity4 , @entity3 or failure to thrive may well have @entity6 and should be investigated promptly and the condition corrected to avoid midgut @entity8 which is attended by significant morbidity and mortality.

title: XXXX : experience in Zaria, Nigeria.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: We performed 123I-MIBG (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy twice in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) to investigate whether MIBG distribution was improved by pertinent clinical control. To determine the influential factors for MIBG distribution, we investigated the association between various clinical parameters and the serial change in MIBG uptake parameters. @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty @entity5 @entity0 with no @entity3 were evaluated. Planar images were taken at 30 minutes (early) and 3 hours (delayed) after MIBG injection. The heart-to-upper-mediastinum uptake ratio (H/M) and washout ratio (WR) were calculated as parameters for estimating cardiac sympathetic function. @entity0 were divided into two groups, eight in the improved group and twelve in the unimproved group, according to the serial change in H/M. The mean interval between the baseline and the follow up study was 2.1 +/- 0.6 year. Differences between the means of the laboratory data in @entity0 in both groups were compared for the baseline and the follow up study by using the paired t-test. As a means of determining the influential factors for a serial change of MIBG uptake, Fisher's exact test was performed to evaluate the association between the serial change in cardiac MIBG parameters and changes in other clinical parameters, such as @entity4 ( @entity4 ) control, @entity4 control method (insulin therapy), serum @entity2 control, and severity of @entity1 complications. We also analyzed the association between the changes in CV(R-R) (coefficient variance of R-R intervals at rest ECG) or NCV (velocity of posterior tibial nerve) and those of other clinical parameters. Associations among these neurological parameters (MIBG parameters, CV(R-R) and NCV) were also analyzed. RESULTS: Paired t-tests showed a significant decrease in fasting @entity4 and @entity6 in the improved group in the follow up study compared to those in the baseline study. Nevertheless, Fisher's exact test showed no significant association between FBS, HbA1C, @entity6 and the improvement in cardiac MIBG uptake. The only significant association was observed between the serial change in H/M and the @entity4 -control method (insulin therapy). Within the neurological parameters, a significant association was noted between the serial changes in H/M and CV(R-R). CONCLUSION: Although @entity4 control was likely to be an important factor, it did not always ameliorate cardiac MIBG uptake. Based on the significant association between the @entity4 -control method (insulin therapy) and MIBG uptake change, the severity of @entity1 was likely to be a more influential factor. It was suggested that cardiac MIBG uptake could improve within the mild stage if controlled by diet therapy or an oral hypoglycemic agent in @entity5 .

title: Serial change in 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity3 is an extremely rare @entity1 occurring predominantly in the second and third decades of life. It presents most often with non-specific symptoms. We describe a new case occurring in a young @entity0 presenting with @entity4 and irregular menses. Ultrasound examination showed a left heterogenous ovarian mass without focal @entity6 . Histological features included a pseudolobular pattern with focal areas of @entity8 , prominent vascularity and a two-cell population of spindled and polygonal cells. Immunohistochemical analysis for actin, @entity9 , laminin, @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity10 and @entity7 receptors using @entity5 -fixed and paraffin-embedded materials showed predominant positivity for a-smooth muscle actin and consistent positivity for laminin and @entity9 . The epidermal @entity2 demonstrated @entity1 vascularity. @entity10 and @entity7 receptors were not expressed. suggesting hormonally independent development. Menstrual cycle disturbances, however, were corrected following extirpation of the @entity1 , indicating some endocrine involvement. In addition, the @entity0 became pregnant ten months after the operation. The differential diagnosis is discussed.

title: XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The success of tooth transplantation or replantation depends on the viability of periodontal ligament in the planted tooth. Mechanical injury to periodontal tissues frequently results in @entity5 and @entity6 , which leads to the failure of transplantation or replantation. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been recently used to induce periodontal regeneration. In this report, we show a clinical case of @entity1 application in the transplantation of an inversely impacted and immature tooth. METHODS: An impacted second @entity2 was found in the right maxilla of a 16 year-old @entity0 . The tooth was inversely impacted and the @entity4 was incomplete. When transplantation was carried out, @entity1 was applied to the periodontal tissues of the extracted @entity2 . The tooth was fixed at the correct position and the clinical condition was followed for evaluation for 6 months. RESULTS: Radiographs after 3 months exhibited new bone formation surrounding the transplanted tooth. After 6 months, considerable growth of @entity4 was evident, periodontal ligament-like radiolucency appeared, the vital reaction of the planted tooth was detected, and there were no signs of @entity5 or @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Short-term results from this case indicate that @entity1 application was effective in the transplantation of an inversely impacted and immature tooth and that @entity1 might contribute to the growth of @entity4 and to the prevention of @entity3 .

title: Application of enamel matrix derivative in autotransplantation of an impacted maxillary XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the Baltic Sea ecosystem reproductive disorders have occurred in top consumers such as seals and some fish-eating birds, due to biomagnification of toxic substances, e.g. @entity5 and @entity7 . @entity2 have also affected fish during the last 25 years. However, there is no strong evidence that toxic substances have caused these problems. Rather, the disorders seem to result from a combination of two or more biotic or abiotic factors. The M74 syndrome, which kills fry of salmon and @entity9 , is characterized by a deficiency of @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Several factors may contribute to the @entity8 deficiency, including the diet of salmon in the sea and halogenated organic compounds. Cod do not develop M74, and poor cod recruitment is mainly due to poor @entity0 conditions in the spawning areas in combination with overfishing. @entity3 compounds in pulp-mill effluents retard gonadal development in perch, but the mechanisms and the active substances have not been identified. Recruitment problems in perch in the coastal waters outside some pulp mills may also be explained by a lack of food items for juvenile fish, rather than reproductive failure. There are very limited data on reproductive disorders in crustaceans from the Baltic Sea. Most data come from studies of the benthic amphipod Monoporeia affinis, which has been used in monitoring programs. Several signs of @entity1 have been reported in this amphipod, e.g. @entity6 and @entity4 of embryos, and asynchronous maturation of males and females.

title: XXXX substances and reproductive disorders in Baltic fish and crustaceans.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence, distribution, and demographic associations of @entity4 in the population of the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. METHODS: From 94 clusters in one urban and three rural areas of Andhra Pradesh, 11 786 @entity0 of all ages were sampled using a stratified, random, cluster, systematic sampling strategy in the Andhra Pradesh @entity3 Study, a population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 10 293 @entity0 underwent an interview and detailed dilated eye examination. Refraction was performed by ophthalmic personnel trained in the study procedures. Objective refraction under cycloplegia was assessed for @entity0 < or = 15 years of age and subjective refraction for those > 15 years of age. @entity2 was defined as spherical equivalent worse than -0.50 D and @entity5 as spherical equivalent worse than +0.50 D. RESULTS: In the @entity0 < or = 15 years of age, the prevalence of @entity2 was 3.19% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.24-4.13%) and of @entity5 was 62.62% (95% CI 57.10-68.13%). In this age group, @entity2 increased with increasing age and was more prevalent in the urban study area, and @entity5 prevalence was greater in the @entity0 < 10 years of age. In @entity0 > 15 years of age, the prevalence of @entity2 was 19.45% (95% CI 17.88-21.02%) and of @entity5 was 8.38% (95% CI 6.91-9.85%). @entity2 and @entity5 increased with increasing age. @entity2 was more common in males, those with education higher than class 12, those with nuclear @entity1 , and those living in rural study areas. @entity5 was more common in females, those with any level of formal education, and those living in the urban area and in the well-off rural study area. CONCLUSIONS: There is significant @entity4 in this population. These data on the distribution and associations of @entity4 can be useful for the planning of refractive eye-care services.

title: Population-based assessment of @entity4 in India: the Andhra XXXX study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence, distribution, and demographic associations of @entity4 in the population of the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. METHODS: From 94 clusters in one urban and three rural areas of Andhra Pradesh, 11 786 @entity0 of all ages were sampled using a stratified, random, cluster, systematic sampling strategy in the Andhra Pradesh @entity3 Study, a population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 10 293 @entity0 underwent an interview and detailed dilated eye examination. Refraction was performed by ophthalmic personnel trained in the study procedures. Objective refraction under cycloplegia was assessed for @entity0 < or = 15 years of age and subjective refraction for those > 15 years of age. @entity2 was defined as spherical equivalent worse than -0.50 D and @entity5 as spherical equivalent worse than +0.50 D. RESULTS: In the @entity0 < or = 15 years of age, the prevalence of @entity2 was 3.19% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.24-4.13%) and of @entity5 was 62.62% (95% CI 57.10-68.13%). In this age group, @entity2 increased with increasing age and was more prevalent in the urban study area, and @entity5 prevalence was greater in the @entity0 < 10 years of age. In @entity0 > 15 years of age, the prevalence of @entity2 was 19.45% (95% CI 17.88-21.02%) and of @entity5 was 8.38% (95% CI 6.91-9.85%). @entity2 and @entity5 increased with increasing age. @entity2 was more common in males, those with education higher than class 12, those with nuclear @entity1 , and those living in rural study areas. @entity5 was more common in females, those with any level of formal education, and those living in the urban area and in the well-off rural study area. CONCLUSIONS: There is significant @entity4 in this population. These data on the distribution and associations of @entity4 can be useful for the planning of refractive eye-care services.

title: Population-based assessment of XXXX in India: the Andhra @entity3 study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the results of arthroscopic synovectomy for the treatment of elbows affected by @entity2 . METHODS: Arthroscopic synovectomy was performed on twenty-nine elbows (twenty-seven @entity0 ) between 1984 and 1996. Twenty-one elbows (twenty @entity0 ), followed for a minimum of forty-two months, were evaluated clinically with use of the Mayo elbow performance score and radiographic findings. The mean duration of follow-up was ninety-seven months. With use of the system of Larsen et al., we classified all elbows into three groups--Grades 1 and 2, Grade 3, and Grade 4--according to the preoperative radiographic findings. These groups were then compared. RESULTS: The mean Mayo elbow performance score improved from 48.3 points preoperatively to 77.5 points (an excellent result in two elbows, a good result in thirteen, a fair result in six, and a poor result in none) at two years after the operation and 69.8 points (an excellent result in two elbows, a good result in seven, a fair result in seven, and a poor result in five) at the final follow-up evaluation. The mean score for @entity1 improved from 9.3 points preoperatively to 31.4 points at two years after the operation and 27.9 points at the final follow-up evaluation. Clinically apparent @entity3 recurred in five of the twenty-one elbows, and two of the five required total elbow arthroplasty. Among the three groups, only elbows with Larsen Grade-1 or 2 @entity4 had a favorable long-term result with regard to total function. The postoperative results were unsatisfactory for Larsen Grade-4 elbows. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic synovectomy in an elbow affected by @entity2 is a reliable procedure that can alleviate @entity1 . Our results suggest that one of the most favorable indications for arthroscopic synovectomy is a preoperative radiographic rating of Grade 1 or 2.

title: Arthroscopic synovectomy of the elbow in XXXX .

answer: @entity2