abstract: Intracellular localization of and an assay method for endogenous peroxidase (PO) activity were studied using primary culture of thyroid cells obtained from @entity0 with @entity2 . PO activity was visualized by cytochemical reaction and was located mainly in perinuclear cisternae and rough endoplasmic reticulum. With increased culture time, the number of cells showing positive PO activity and amount of the enzyme reaction product in individual cells showed a parallel decrease. For measurement of PO activity, cultured thyroid cells were frozen and thawed and then incubated with @entity3 buffer solution containing @entity5 (opd) and @entity1 . After incubation, the optical density (OD) of the solution colorized by endogenous peroxidase was measured at 405 nm using a microplate reader. About 1 X 10(4) cells were sufficient for assay of PO activity. Using the above method to assay PO activity and sandwich enzyme immunoassay for @entity4 (TG), chronological changes in the PO activity and TG concentration in the culture medium were examined. Although the cells showed no decrease in number, PO activity and TG concentration decreased chronologically. When the ratio of PO activity to TG concentration was calculated, in 3 cases the ratio was almost constant, and in the remaining two, it decreased chronologically. The present biochemical method thus seems useful for determining peroxidase activity of cultured thyroid en masse.

title: Endogenous peroxidase activity in primary culture of XXXX thyroid cells. Localization and measurement.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The study was to utilize both color Doppler sonography and power Doppler sonography to analyze the enhancement characteristics of @entity0 known to have a clinical or histologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity1 , @entity2 , or @entity3 . METHODOLOGY: Twenty-two @entity1 , 6 @entity2 , and 2 @entity3 were observed with color Doppler sonography and power Doppler sonography before and after contrast agent (Levovist) administration. Color Doppler sonography and power Doppler sonography were used to detect the intratumoral vasculature and their sensitivity would be evaluated. RESULTS: Significant improvement in the detection of color flow signals was obtained in @entity1 after administering Levovist (32% (7/22) vs. 91% (20/22); p = 0.0002), but it was not significant in @entity2 (0% (0/6) vs. 33% (2/6); p = 0.454). Power Doppler sonography was more sensitive than color Doppler sonography in the detection of flow signals in @entity1 after administering Levovist (91% (20/22) vs. 50% (11/22); p = 0.008). Eighty percent (16/20) of @entity1 had signals of curvilinear type versus spotty type (p = 0.0005), the detected signal in both @entity2 was iris diaphragm phenomenon. The typical spoke-wheel appearance of @entity3 was more easily demonstrated after administering Levovist. The @entity1 with absent baseline flow (1.2-5.6 cm, mean: 3.1 +/- 1.0 cm) tended to be @entity1 with baseline flows (2.3-8.3 cm, mean: 4.9 +/- 2.2 cm) (p = 0.06). The 9 @entity1 (largest diameter: 1.2-3.8 cm, mean: 2.6 +/- 0.8 cm) with enhanced flows only observed by power Doppler sonography was smaller than the 11 @entity1 (largest diameter: 2.3-8.3 cm, mean: 4.5 +/- 1.8 cm) with enhanced flows observed by color Doppler sonography and power Doppler sonography (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced color flow study may aid in the detection of flow signals or sonographic differentiation of @entity0 .

title: Enhanced color flows in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Contrast radiology predicts the outcome of treatment for @entity0 with @entity2 . The optimal method of contrast radiology to determine the indications for and timing of surgery is controversial. METHODOLOGY: Contrast radiology was performed for @entity0 with @entity1 between April 1, 2000 and March 31, 2001. Nearly 40 mL of gastrografin mixed with 40 mL of water was administered either orally or via a nasogastric tube to each @entity0 within 24 hours of hospital admission. Serial erect and supine plain abdominal radiographs were taken 4, 8, 16 and 24 hour later. RESULTS: Of 107 @entity0 with @entity1 , 97 @entity0 had the examination completed. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of this study as an indicator for non-operative treatment were 98.9%, 66.6%, 96.9%, 97.8% and 80%. However, contrast radiology had little impact on the diagnosis of 6 @entity0 with strangulated @entity2 . Ninety-two of 93 @entity0 (98.9%) who were resolved with non-operative treatment were resolved within 48 hours of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast radiology should be considered for @entity0 with @entity2 who did not improve with non-operative measures after 48 hours of hospitalization.

title: The value of contrast radiology for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Photodynamic therapy is a potentially curative method with the best cost/effectiveness ratio in early stage @entity1 . A two-phase study on long-term results of photodynamic therapy for T1N0M0 @entity3 was started in 1988: the first phase was connected with application of pure @entity4 Hp/5 (Italy) while the second one was associated with application of a Bulgarian @entity4 derivative HEMATODREX. The aim of the study is to report the 5 and 10-year survival. METHODOLOGY: @entity0 under study should never received any kind of antitumor and immunostimulant treatment prior to photodynamic therapy or in the course of the follow-up. Any cause of @entity2 in @entity0 under study should be confirmed by a hospital autopsy protocol. Follow-up until the end of the 5th year was carried out by means of regular check ups, while between the 5th and the 10th year by means of yearly questionnaires by mail. Thirteen cases entirely fulfilled the requirements of the study, 10 cases in the first phase and three cases in the second one. RESULTS: Crude survival rate was 128.0 months (approx. 10 years and 8 months) and the @entity1 -related mortality reached 7.7%. Three-year survival reached 100.0% while the 5-year survival was 92.3%. Longest survival was observed in the first phase--163.0 months (approx. 13 years and 7 months) with @entity1 rate of 10.0%. The second phase group is still under follow-up with a promise for better results. CONCLUSIONS: The future belongs to real radical photodynamic therapy used in early stages as a more natural and organ-preserving method.

title: Long-term results after photodynamic therapy (PDT) of T1N0M0 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate imaging characteristics and surgical results of @entity6 and @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study set in the First Department of Surgery, University of Tokushima, Japan. From 1994 to 1997, 33 @entity0 with 55 @entity4 (< or = 3 cm) and 10 @entity2 (3 @entity6 , 5 atypical @entity6 , 2 atypical @entity6 with @entity1 ) were enrolled for this study. The detectability of these lesions on imaging was evaluated. Cumulative survival and disease-free survival rates were also calculated. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity0 were incidentally diagnosed on ultrasonography during follow-up study for @entity3 . In the conventional studies, detection rates of ultrasonography, computed tomography and angiography for @entity4 and @entity2 were 76% 80%, 33% 10% and 36% 20%, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging, intraoperative ultrasonography, helical computed tomography and portal angiographic computed tomography showed better results of 67% 20%, 100% 90%, 70% 50% and 74% 56%, respectively. On differential diagnosis, the ratio of echo level in @entity4 was significantly higher than that in @entity2 . The 3-year and 5-year survival rates for all @entity0 were 61% and 41%, while disease-free survival rates at the corresponding times were 15% and 7%, respectively. A total of 25 @entity0 (76%) developed intrahepatic recurrence during a mean follow-up of 33.8 months, although there was no recurrent lesion in 4 @entity6 @entity0 treated with microwave coagulation therapy and @entity5 injection intraoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 larger than 1 cm in diameter, the detection rates with various diagnostic modalities were rather high. However, the differential diagnosis of @entity4 could be based on pathologic studies only. Early detection of small hepatic lesions and treatment by methods such as resection or @entity5 injection are of critical importance in improving long-term survival.

title: Differential diagnosis of @entity4 and XXXX and therapeutic strategy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate imaging characteristics and surgical results of @entity6 and @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study set in the First Department of Surgery, University of Tokushima, Japan. From 1994 to 1997, 33 @entity0 with 55 @entity4 (< or = 3 cm) and 10 @entity2 (3 @entity6 , 5 atypical @entity6 , 2 atypical @entity6 with @entity1 ) were enrolled for this study. The detectability of these lesions on imaging was evaluated. Cumulative survival and disease-free survival rates were also calculated. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity0 were incidentally diagnosed on ultrasonography during follow-up study for @entity3 . In the conventional studies, detection rates of ultrasonography, computed tomography and angiography for @entity4 and @entity2 were 76% 80%, 33% 10% and 36% 20%, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging, intraoperative ultrasonography, helical computed tomography and portal angiographic computed tomography showed better results of 67% 20%, 100% 90%, 70% 50% and 74% 56%, respectively. On differential diagnosis, the ratio of echo level in @entity4 was significantly higher than that in @entity2 . The 3-year and 5-year survival rates for all @entity0 were 61% and 41%, while disease-free survival rates at the corresponding times were 15% and 7%, respectively. A total of 25 @entity0 (76%) developed intrahepatic recurrence during a mean follow-up of 33.8 months, although there was no recurrent lesion in 4 @entity6 @entity0 treated with microwave coagulation therapy and @entity5 injection intraoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 larger than 1 cm in diameter, the detection rates with various diagnostic modalities were rather high. However, the differential diagnosis of @entity4 could be based on pathologic studies only. Early detection of small hepatic lesions and treatment by methods such as resection or @entity5 injection are of critical importance in improving long-term survival.

title: Differential diagnosis of XXXX and @entity2 and therapeutic strategy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Endocrine studies, using the four hypothalamic releasing hormones, gonadotrophin releasing hormone, thyrotrophin releasing hormone, corticotrophin releasing hormone and growth hormone releasing hormone, were performed in 33 males after admission with a major @entity3 . The test was repeated 7 days later in all 33 @entity0 and after 3-6 months in 21 @entity0 . All @entity0 had a period of unconsciousness followed by post-traumatic @entity6 of greater than 24 h. The results obtained from investigating the @entity2 are reported in this paper. The levels of total and free @entity1 , basal FSH and basal LH fell significantly during the first 3 days after injury, when the LH and FSH responses to @entity4 achieved their highest peak levels. This hormone pattern has not previously been reported in the @entity2 and may be a consequence of @entity5 . The severity of the injury was negatively correlated to the @entity1 concentration on admission and to the basal and peak FSH concentrations 1 week later. Persistent @entity7 was found in five of the 21 @entity0 retested after 3-6 months, with low @entity1 concentrations and three continued to have an exaggerated LH response to @entity4 . Thus major @entity3 frequently results in @entity7 shortly after injury, with an increased gonadotrophin response to @entity4 . In addition, a substantial minority of @entity0 continue to be hypogonadal after 3-6 months. In view of these findings we strongly suggest that all @entity0 should be endocrinologically assessed at intervals following severe @entity3 .

title: @entity5 following major XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Endocrine studies, using the four hypothalamic releasing hormones, gonadotrophin releasing hormone, thyrotrophin releasing hormone, corticotrophin releasing hormone and growth hormone releasing hormone, were performed in 33 males after admission with a major @entity3 . The test was repeated 7 days later in all 33 @entity0 and after 3-6 months in 21 @entity0 . All @entity0 had a period of unconsciousness followed by post-traumatic @entity6 of greater than 24 h. The results obtained from investigating the @entity2 are reported in this paper. The levels of total and free @entity1 , basal FSH and basal LH fell significantly during the first 3 days after injury, when the LH and FSH responses to @entity4 achieved their highest peak levels. This hormone pattern has not previously been reported in the @entity2 and may be a consequence of @entity5 . The severity of the injury was negatively correlated to the @entity1 concentration on admission and to the basal and peak FSH concentrations 1 week later. Persistent @entity7 was found in five of the 21 @entity0 retested after 3-6 months, with low @entity1 concentrations and three continued to have an exaggerated LH response to @entity4 . Thus major @entity3 frequently results in @entity7 shortly after injury, with an increased gonadotrophin response to @entity4 . In addition, a substantial minority of @entity0 continue to be hypogonadal after 3-6 months. In view of these findings we strongly suggest that all @entity0 should be endocrinologically assessed at intervals following severe @entity3 .

title: XXXX following major @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Radiofibrinogen tests were applied to 88 surgical and urological @entity0 with @entity2 of deep veins to establish point and time of @entity2 origin and courses taken by thrombi. Most of the thrombi thus recorded had originated from venous bulges of the @entity1 , the soleus sinus. These accounted for 83 per cent of all thrombi detected. Progress was in all cases in proximal direction, towards the popliteofemoral veins. The intraoperative phase was found to be the most dangerous juncture for the development of thrombi, with 36 per cent of all thrombi emerging on the day of surgery and another 22 per cent on the first and second postoperative days. Prophylaxis against @entity2 , therefore, should be initiated prior to surgical intervention in any case. Bilateral @entity2 was recorded from 22 cases. Sixty-one per cent of all @entity2 were localised on the left side, and 81 per cent of all postoperative @entity2 were clinically latent. There were six non-lethal outbreaks of @entity4 and one lethal case. While the majority of @entity1 vein @entity2 was relatively harmless, the risk of @entity4 increased considerably, as thrombi emerged at the level of the popliteal vein. Radioisotope investigation can be used to identify @entity3 and to figure out those @entity0 in whom @entity4 or @entity5 may be expected to develop.

title: [Radioisotope studies of the spontaneous course of postoperative XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity3 (BN) are multifactorial syndromes of unknown origin which occur typically in female adolescents or young @entity0 . Nowadays, @entity3 and BN are most often triggered by dietary restriction. Both are treatable conditions. As in other @entity1 , a lower comorbidity, a shorter duration of illness, less familial psychopathology, and, in @entity3 , a higher minimal weight have been shown to be associated with a better outcome. So far, no abnormalities specific to @entity3 or BN that would shed light on their etiology have been identified. Controlled and uncontrolled studies testing antipsychotic, antidepressant, weight-promoting, and prokinetic drugs have demonstrated that the core symptoms of @entity3 are refractory to currently available psychotropic medication. For relapse prevention, however, antidepressant medication may be useful. Renutrition, psychotherapy, and family therapy remain the cornerstones of treatment for @entity3 . Placebo-controlled studies with antidepressant drugs have been far more promising for treating BN in the short term. Recent studies have found that lasting symptomatic improvement and remission require the addition of psychological treatments in the form of cognitive and interpersonal psychotherapy. The steady stream of newly identified peptides and other molecules involved in appetite and body weight control may ultimately provide cues to better targeted treatments of @entity2 .

title: How useful are pharmacological treatments in XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2 ( @entity4 )-induced spontaneous @entity1 and decreased self-repair capability is very common in clinical practice. The metaplasia of adipose tissue in the ruptured tendon indicates that @entity4 may induce tendon stem cells (TSCs) to differentiate into adipocytes, but the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we used in vitro methods to investigate the effects of @entity4 on @entity0 TSC differentiation and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. METHODS: First, we used qPCR and Western blotting to detect the expression of the adipogenic differentiation markers @entity5 and @entity7 after treating the TSCs with @entity4 . Oil red staining was used to confirm that high concentration @entity4 promoted adipogenic differentiation of @entity0 TSCs. Next, we used qPCR and Western blotting to detect the effect of a high concentration of @entity2 on molecules related to the canonical @entity9 -catenin pathway in TSCs. RESULTS: Treating @entity0 TSCs with @entity4 promoted the synthesis of the inhibitory molecule @entity10 ( @entity10 ) at the mRNA and protein levels. Western blotting results further showed that @entity4 downregulated the cellular signaling molecule phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3b (P-GSK-3 b (ser9)), upregulated P- @entity3 (tyr216), and downregulated the pivotal signaling molecule b-catenin. Furthermore, @entity10 knockdown attenuated @entity4 -induced inhibition of the canonical @entity9 -catenin pathway and of the adipogenic differentiation of TSCs. @entity6 ( @entity8 , a @entity3 inhibitor) reduced @entity4 -induced inhibition of the classical @entity9 -catenin pathway in TSCs and of the differentiation of TSCs to adipocytes. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, by upregulating @entity10 expression, reducing the level of P- @entity3 (ser9), and increasing the level of P- @entity3 (tyr216), @entity4 causes the degradation of b-catenin, the central molecule of the classical @entity9 pathway, thereby inducing @entity0 TSCs to differentiate into adipocytes.

title: @entity10 Up-Regulation Induced by a High Concentration of XXXX Promotes @entity0 Tendon Stem Cells to Differentiate Into Adipocytes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2 ( @entity4 )-induced spontaneous @entity1 and decreased self-repair capability is very common in clinical practice. The metaplasia of adipose tissue in the ruptured tendon indicates that @entity4 may induce tendon stem cells (TSCs) to differentiate into adipocytes, but the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we used in vitro methods to investigate the effects of @entity4 on @entity0 TSC differentiation and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. METHODS: First, we used qPCR and Western blotting to detect the expression of the adipogenic differentiation markers @entity5 and @entity7 after treating the TSCs with @entity4 . Oil red staining was used to confirm that high concentration @entity4 promoted adipogenic differentiation of @entity0 TSCs. Next, we used qPCR and Western blotting to detect the effect of a high concentration of @entity2 on molecules related to the canonical @entity9 -catenin pathway in TSCs. RESULTS: Treating @entity0 TSCs with @entity4 promoted the synthesis of the inhibitory molecule @entity10 ( @entity10 ) at the mRNA and protein levels. Western blotting results further showed that @entity4 downregulated the cellular signaling molecule phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3b (P-GSK-3 b (ser9)), upregulated P- @entity3 (tyr216), and downregulated the pivotal signaling molecule b-catenin. Furthermore, @entity10 knockdown attenuated @entity4 -induced inhibition of the canonical @entity9 -catenin pathway and of the adipogenic differentiation of TSCs. @entity6 ( @entity8 , a @entity3 inhibitor) reduced @entity4 -induced inhibition of the classical @entity9 -catenin pathway in TSCs and of the differentiation of TSCs to adipocytes. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, by upregulating @entity10 expression, reducing the level of P- @entity3 (ser9), and increasing the level of P- @entity3 (tyr216), @entity4 causes the degradation of b-catenin, the central molecule of the classical @entity9 pathway, thereby inducing @entity0 TSCs to differentiate into adipocytes.

title: XXXX Up-Regulation Induced by a High Concentration of @entity2 Promotes @entity0 Tendon Stem Cells to Differentiate Into Adipocytes.

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2 ( @entity4 )-induced spontaneous @entity1 and decreased self-repair capability is very common in clinical practice. The metaplasia of adipose tissue in the ruptured tendon indicates that @entity4 may induce tendon stem cells (TSCs) to differentiate into adipocytes, but the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we used in vitro methods to investigate the effects of @entity4 on @entity0 TSC differentiation and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. METHODS: First, we used qPCR and Western blotting to detect the expression of the adipogenic differentiation markers @entity5 and @entity7 after treating the TSCs with @entity4 . Oil red staining was used to confirm that high concentration @entity4 promoted adipogenic differentiation of @entity0 TSCs. Next, we used qPCR and Western blotting to detect the effect of a high concentration of @entity2 on molecules related to the canonical @entity9 -catenin pathway in TSCs. RESULTS: Treating @entity0 TSCs with @entity4 promoted the synthesis of the inhibitory molecule @entity10 ( @entity10 ) at the mRNA and protein levels. Western blotting results further showed that @entity4 downregulated the cellular signaling molecule phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3b (P-GSK-3 b (ser9)), upregulated P- @entity3 (tyr216), and downregulated the pivotal signaling molecule b-catenin. Furthermore, @entity10 knockdown attenuated @entity4 -induced inhibition of the canonical @entity9 -catenin pathway and of the adipogenic differentiation of TSCs. @entity6 ( @entity8 , a @entity3 inhibitor) reduced @entity4 -induced inhibition of the classical @entity9 -catenin pathway in TSCs and of the differentiation of TSCs to adipocytes. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, by upregulating @entity10 expression, reducing the level of P- @entity3 (ser9), and increasing the level of P- @entity3 (tyr216), @entity4 causes the degradation of b-catenin, the central molecule of the classical @entity9 pathway, thereby inducing @entity0 TSCs to differentiate into adipocytes.

title: @entity10 Up-Regulation Induced by a High Concentration of @entity2 Promotes XXXX Tendon Stem Cells to Differentiate Into Adipocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Intramammary devices (IMD) were abraded with medium-grade emery cloth or were left smooth. One IMD of each type was inserted into a mammary quarter of each of 5 lactating @entity0 . The remaining 2 quarters served as controls. Quarter foremilk, bucket milk, and stripping milk samples were collected for 3 consecutive days at 2 weeks after IMD insertion, and milk somatic cell counts (SCC) were determined. Milk samples also were collected immediately after and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 11 hours after milking. All quarters were challenge exposed with 250 colony-forming units of @entity2 at 2 months after IMD insertion. Foremilk and stripping milk samples were collected for bacteriologic culture and SCC at the next 10 milkings. Mean foremilk, bucket milk, and stripping milk SCC (X 10(6) cells/ml) were 0.18, 0.07, and 0.91, respectively, for quarters with @entity1 ; 0.06, 0.05, and 0.43, respectively, for quarters with smooth IMD; and 0.03, 0.03, and 0.15, respectively, for control quarters. Mean SCC after milking (X 10(6) cells/ml) for the various intervals were 0.70, 1.29, 0.70, 0.97, 1.15, 1.17, 0.77, and 0.85 for quarters with @entity1 ; 0.43, 0.62, 0.61, 0.45, 0.64, 0.60, 0.31, and 0.26 for quarters with smooth IMD; and 0.15, 0.24, 0.15, 0.19, 0.15, 0.15, 0.14 and 0.06 for control quarters. After challenge exposure, 2 of 5 of the quarters with @entity1 , 4 of 5 of the quarters with smooth IMD, and 8 of 9 control quarters became infected. Results indicated that @entity1 increased SCC in stripping milk to concentrations that provided 60% protection against challenge exposure with @entity2 .

title: Effect of abraded intramammary device on outcome in lactating @entity0 after challenge exposure with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Intramammary devices (IMD) were abraded with medium-grade emery cloth or were left smooth. One IMD of each type was inserted into a mammary quarter of each of 5 lactating @entity0 . The remaining 2 quarters served as controls. Quarter foremilk, bucket milk, and stripping milk samples were collected for 3 consecutive days at 2 weeks after IMD insertion, and milk somatic cell counts (SCC) were determined. Milk samples also were collected immediately after and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 11 hours after milking. All quarters were challenge exposed with 250 colony-forming units of @entity2 at 2 months after IMD insertion. Foremilk and stripping milk samples were collected for bacteriologic culture and SCC at the next 10 milkings. Mean foremilk, bucket milk, and stripping milk SCC (X 10(6) cells/ml) were 0.18, 0.07, and 0.91, respectively, for quarters with @entity1 ; 0.06, 0.05, and 0.43, respectively, for quarters with smooth IMD; and 0.03, 0.03, and 0.15, respectively, for control quarters. Mean SCC after milking (X 10(6) cells/ml) for the various intervals were 0.70, 1.29, 0.70, 0.97, 1.15, 1.17, 0.77, and 0.85 for quarters with @entity1 ; 0.43, 0.62, 0.61, 0.45, 0.64, 0.60, 0.31, and 0.26 for quarters with smooth IMD; and 0.15, 0.24, 0.15, 0.19, 0.15, 0.15, 0.14 and 0.06 for control quarters. After challenge exposure, 2 of 5 of the quarters with @entity1 , 4 of 5 of the quarters with smooth IMD, and 8 of 9 control quarters became infected. Results indicated that @entity1 increased SCC in stripping milk to concentrations that provided 60% protection against challenge exposure with @entity2 .

title: Effect of abraded intramammary device on outcome in lactating XXXX after challenge exposure with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Background. Treatment of pelvic lymph nodes (PLNs) in higher risk @entity3 is controversial. The primary focus of the study was to evaluate the early @entity2 profile for this cohort of @entity0 treated with Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT). Methods. @entity0 , @entity1 , and treatment characteristics of those who received VMAT from May 2010 to December 2012 were analysed. A simplified contouring process of the PLNs to the aortic bifurcation was developed based on consensus guidelines. @entity4 were documented according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Version 2 Guidelines. Successive @entity5 (PSA) values after treatment were measured on average 3 months apart. Results. 113 @entity0 were treated between May 2010 to December 2012 with a median follow-up of 14 months. No @entity0 experienced acute grade 3 or 4   GU and @entity4 . Only 1 @entity0 experienced a late grade 3   GU complication. No late grade 4   GU or GI events have yet occurred. Conclusions. This study reviews the first Australian experience of VMAT in the treatment of pelvic lymph nodes in @entity3 , specifically to the level of the aortic bifurcation. It demonstrates a favorable acute @entity2 profile whilst treating large PLN volumes with optimal dose coverage.

title: Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy of the Pelvic Lymph Nodes to the Aortic Bifurcation in Higher Risk Prostate Cancer: Early XXXX Outcomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beneficial clinical effects of @entity2 following bariatric therapies is not fully understood and maybe related to the complex interactions between @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and ghrelin. The aim of study was to investigate their timeline changes associated with @entity2 and their profile in relation to the type of treatment and its efficacy. METHODS: Circulating hormones levels were analyzed before and after endoscopic and surgical procedures in 67 @entity1 @entity0 and compared to @entity1 healthy controls. RESULTS: @entity1 @entity0 had higher @entity3 levels and lower levels of @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and ghrelin than @entity1 controls. During the consecutive follow-up visits after treatment, there was a gradual decrease in @entity3 levels and an increase in @entity4 levels to the levels observed in @entity1 . At 50-54weeks, the ghrelin levels were lower and the levels of @entity4 and @entity5 , but not @entity6 , were higher compared to their baseline values. BMI correlated with ghrelin and @entity3 levels. The percentage of total @entity2 correlated positively with @entity4 levels and negatively with @entity3 levels. @entity0 with adequate @entity2 had a significantly lower @entity3 concentration than those with treatment failure. There were timeline variations in hormone levels between endoscopic and bariatric therapies, however there were no significant differences in the median their concentration at 50-54weeks after therapy. CONCLUSION: Our study supports observations that @entity2 itself, rather than the procedure type, is responsible for hormonal variation. The @entity3 levels reflect the best the body weight changes after bariatric therapies.

title: Variation in blood levels of hormones in @entity1 @entity0 following XXXX induced by endoscopic and surgical bariatric therapies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beneficial clinical effects of @entity2 following bariatric therapies is not fully understood and maybe related to the complex interactions between @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and ghrelin. The aim of study was to investigate their timeline changes associated with @entity2 and their profile in relation to the type of treatment and its efficacy. METHODS: Circulating hormones levels were analyzed before and after endoscopic and surgical procedures in 67 @entity1 @entity0 and compared to @entity1 healthy controls. RESULTS: @entity1 @entity0 had higher @entity3 levels and lower levels of @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and ghrelin than @entity1 controls. During the consecutive follow-up visits after treatment, there was a gradual decrease in @entity3 levels and an increase in @entity4 levels to the levels observed in @entity1 . At 50-54weeks, the ghrelin levels were lower and the levels of @entity4 and @entity5 , but not @entity6 , were higher compared to their baseline values. BMI correlated with ghrelin and @entity3 levels. The percentage of total @entity2 correlated positively with @entity4 levels and negatively with @entity3 levels. @entity0 with adequate @entity2 had a significantly lower @entity3 concentration than those with treatment failure. There were timeline variations in hormone levels between endoscopic and bariatric therapies, however there were no significant differences in the median their concentration at 50-54weeks after therapy. CONCLUSION: Our study supports observations that @entity2 itself, rather than the procedure type, is responsible for hormonal variation. The @entity3 levels reflect the best the body weight changes after bariatric therapies.

title: Variation in blood levels of hormones in XXXX @entity0 following @entity2 induced by endoscopic and surgical bariatric therapies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beneficial clinical effects of @entity2 following bariatric therapies is not fully understood and maybe related to the complex interactions between @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and ghrelin. The aim of study was to investigate their timeline changes associated with @entity2 and their profile in relation to the type of treatment and its efficacy. METHODS: Circulating hormones levels were analyzed before and after endoscopic and surgical procedures in 67 @entity1 @entity0 and compared to @entity1 healthy controls. RESULTS: @entity1 @entity0 had higher @entity3 levels and lower levels of @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and ghrelin than @entity1 controls. During the consecutive follow-up visits after treatment, there was a gradual decrease in @entity3 levels and an increase in @entity4 levels to the levels observed in @entity1 . At 50-54weeks, the ghrelin levels were lower and the levels of @entity4 and @entity5 , but not @entity6 , were higher compared to their baseline values. BMI correlated with ghrelin and @entity3 levels. The percentage of total @entity2 correlated positively with @entity4 levels and negatively with @entity3 levels. @entity0 with adequate @entity2 had a significantly lower @entity3 concentration than those with treatment failure. There were timeline variations in hormone levels between endoscopic and bariatric therapies, however there were no significant differences in the median their concentration at 50-54weeks after therapy. CONCLUSION: Our study supports observations that @entity2 itself, rather than the procedure type, is responsible for hormonal variation. The @entity3 levels reflect the best the body weight changes after bariatric therapies.

title: Variation in blood levels of hormones in @entity1 XXXX following @entity2 induced by endoscopic and surgical bariatric therapies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 cells tend to develop resistance to various types of anticancer agents, whether they adopt similar or distinct mechanisms to evade cell death in response to a broad spectrum of @entity0 therapeutics is not fully defined. Current study concludes that DNA-damaging agents ( @entity11 and @entity2 ), ER stressor ( @entity9 ), and histone deacetylase inhibitor (apicidin) target oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for apoptosis induction, whereas other anticancer agents including @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity10 induce apoptosis in an OXPHOS-independent manner. DNA-damaging agents promoted mitochondrial biogenesis accompanied by increased accumulation of cellular and mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial protein-folding machinery, and mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Induction of mitochondrial biogenesis occurred in a caspase activation-independent mechanism but was reduced by autophagy inhibition and @entity4 -deficiency. Abrogation of complex-I blocked DNA-damage-induced caspase activation and apoptosis, whereas @entity12 or a combined deficiency of OXPHOS complexes I, III, IV, and V due to impaired mitochondrial protein synthesis did not modulate caspase activity. Mechanistic analysis revealed that inhibition of caspase activation in response to anticancer agents associates with decreased release of mitochondrial cytochrome c in complex-I-deficient cells compared with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) cells. Gross @entity8 promoted increased release of apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria compared with @entity1 or complex-I-deficient cells, suggesting that cells harboring defective OXPHOS trigger caspase-dependent as well as caspase-independent apoptosis in response to anticancer agents. Interestingly, DNA-damaging agent @entity2 showed strong binding to mitochondria, which was @entity5 but not by @entity7 . @entity9 -induced caspase activation was reduced upon @entity8 whereas a reverse trend was observed with apicidin. Together, these finding provide a new strategy for differential mitochondrial targeting in @entity0 therapy.

title: Oxidative phosphorylation-dependent regulation of XXXX cell apoptosis in response to anticancer agents.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The doses of these drugs are barely tested and the potential clinical @entity5 risk must be taken into account. Despite the widespread use of NOAC (non @entity6 dependent oral anticoagulants) and recommendations of regulatory agencies and first consensus meeting on handling the @entity4 situation under NOAC, especially in hospitals without a large hemostatic focus, uncertainty still exists. In case of mild @entity4 from a clinical perspective, the medical care of these @entity0 and the delay of the next dose or discontinuation is advised. A special laboratory analysis is indicated i.e. in case of known higher grade liver and @entity1 , which can cause a prolonged elimination of NOAC. The administration of factor concentrates is not indicated in this situation. In case of moderate to severe @entity4 , the primary measures focus on the stabilization of the heart and circulatory function and parallel on the treatment depending on the localization of the @entity4 source. According to experience, mostly @entity3 occurs under the NOAC, which should be supplied endoscopically. In life-threatening @entity4 in addition to the measures of hemodynamic stabilization usually a special haemostasis management is required, which should be mainly clinically oriented. After the assessment of @entity4 predictor, the time of the last dose and the dose of @entity11 should be learned, but other causes of @entity4 , including Fibrinolysis, should be excluded or treated. Subsequently, routinely promptly @entity7 and/or @entity9 sensitive thromboplastin time (Quick's value) and a @entity10 time ( @entity10 -poor calibrator) for qualitative assessment can be carried out because only very few hospitals have specific tests (anti-Xa measurements, @entity2 @entity10 ), which could be promptly done. If there is a significant deviation from the normal range or to present preliminary value of particular @entity0 , an effect of NOAC most likely exists. In life-threatening @entity4 the use of factor concentrates (procoagulants) is indicated. The first-line therapy should be PPSB. Only in exceptional cases, especially when @entity8 is taken, the use of aPPSB ( @entity12  ) for prompt haemostasis can be considered. The haemostasis should be always clinically estimated and not according to coagulation tests. The use of rFVIIa (Novo Seven  ) shows different results in the @entity4 therapy (reversal) under @entity8 . The doses of these drugs are barely tested and the potential clinical @entity5 risk must be taken into account. CONCLUSION: The current concepts of the newly developed antidotes are not clinically validated. First prospective, clinical registries have been started.

title: [Bleedings under NOAC (non XXXX dependent oral anticoagulants). Evidence and practical management].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Injuries missed at initial operation have the potential to cause the most disastrous complications in @entity1 @entity0 . Over the past 5 years, 12 @entity0 have required re-operation for 14 injuries missed at initial laparotomy and/or thoracotomy. Six missed injuries were vascular, two each in the thorax, pelvis, and retroperitoneum. The other eight were visceral: three small bowel (one @entity0 ), two pancreatic, and one each of the heart, ureter, and diaphragm. Five @entity0 (42%) died, three with missed vascular and two with missed @entity1 . Three died due to complications directly related to their missed injuries, while the unrecognized injury did not play a significant role in the other two. Indications for re-operation in @entity0 with @entity6 were @entity3 in two @entity0 , persistent output from drains in three, and refractory @entity2 in one. Re-exploration in @entity1 was for clinical sepsis in three @entity0 , DIC in one, @entity7 in one, and persistent chest tube drainage in one. Eleven of the 12 @entity0 presented to the E.D. in shock. All @entity0 had @entity5 with a mean of 3.25 organ systems injured. @entity3 , @entity4 , and/or @entity8 (T less than 92 degrees) were felt to have contributed to missing the injury in five of the @entity0 with vascular, and three of the @entity0 with @entity1 . In the four other @entity0 , injuries were missed due to inadequate exploration or a low index of suspicion in the presence of @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Injuries missed at operation: nemesis of the XXXX surgeon.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The primary radiologic evidence of @entity10 is disturbance of normal small intestine arrangement. Loops of intestine are crowded together as if in a bag, giving the appearance of clumping or sacculation. Dilatation and @entity4 may occur with varying degrees of @entity9 . Displacement of viscera or @entity7 may be observed. Studies of the small bowel are necessary to demonstrate these conditions and must be made with the @entity0 in the erect as well as the horizontal position. Repeated studies may be required, and the best time to make them is during an acute attack, as the @entity6 may be temporarily reduced during a remission. The clinical symptoms are sufficiently characteristic to suggest the diagnosis in most cases. The usual history is of repeated attacks of @entity5 or discomfort, usually accompanied by distention, varying in periodicity and intensity, with or without @entity2 or @entity3 , and not accompanied by laboratory data or clinical signs indicative of @entity1 . Similar or identical clinical and roentgenologic evidence may be produced by torsion of the small bowel or by peritoneal adhesions. The @entity6 or torsion may reduce spontaneously before or at the time of operation. Therefore, a careful search for abnormal fossae, mesenteric defects or @entity8 is necessary if herniation or torsion is not found.

title: Roentgen diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: Secondary vascular procedures to below-knee vessels for @entity1 present a challenge to the vascular surgeon. Autogenous vein is often unavailable and failure of the previous bypass often limits the choice of distal vessels suitable for revascularization. This dilemma raises the question of amputation vs secondary vascular surgery. To address this question we reviewed the results of our previous aggressive approach to revascularization in a select group of 25 @entity0 (26 limbs) who had secondary procedures with @entity2 grafts to tibial vessels or the infragenicular popliteal artery with single-vessel runoff. Nine of these 26 bypasses (35%) have remained patent for a mean of 17.2 months and no amputations have been done in this group. The other 17 bypasses (65%) have occluded from 1 day to 36 months postoperatively (mean 4.3 months); 15 of these limbs have required major amputation (58%). Ten were performed within the first 3 months postoperatively. Thirteen of the 25 @entity0 died in the follow-up period (mean 27.5 months); five of these @entity0 had viable limbs. Of 12 surviving @entity0 (mean follow-up 19.9 months), six had viable limbs and six have required amputation. These results indicate that @entity0 having secondary vascular surgical procedures with @entity2 grafts to tibial vessels have a high amputation rate and poor overall survival. Within this select group of @entity0 , those who could walk with the aid of a prosthesis should be considered as candidates for primary amputation. This would facilitate rehabilitation and avoid the anguish of recurrent graft failure and multiple procedures.

title: Secondary vascular procedures with XXXX grafts for @entity1 in a male veteran population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Secondary vascular procedures to below-knee vessels for @entity1 present a challenge to the vascular surgeon. Autogenous vein is often unavailable and failure of the previous bypass often limits the choice of distal vessels suitable for revascularization. This dilemma raises the question of amputation vs secondary vascular surgery. To address this question we reviewed the results of our previous aggressive approach to revascularization in a select group of 25 @entity0 (26 limbs) who had secondary procedures with @entity2 grafts to tibial vessels or the infragenicular popliteal artery with single-vessel runoff. Nine of these 26 bypasses (35%) have remained patent for a mean of 17.2 months and no amputations have been done in this group. The other 17 bypasses (65%) have occluded from 1 day to 36 months postoperatively (mean 4.3 months); 15 of these limbs have required major amputation (58%). Ten were performed within the first 3 months postoperatively. Thirteen of the 25 @entity0 died in the follow-up period (mean 27.5 months); five of these @entity0 had viable limbs. Of 12 surviving @entity0 (mean follow-up 19.9 months), six had viable limbs and six have required amputation. These results indicate that @entity0 having secondary vascular surgical procedures with @entity2 grafts to tibial vessels have a high amputation rate and poor overall survival. Within this select group of @entity0 , those who could walk with the aid of a prosthesis should be considered as candidates for primary amputation. This would facilitate rehabilitation and avoid the anguish of recurrent graft failure and multiple procedures.

title: Secondary vascular procedures with @entity2 grafts for XXXX in a male veteran population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 emulsion infusion into the carotid artery has been reported to induce temporary and reversible opening of the blood-brain barrier by increasing vascular permeability. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity5 emulsion infusion on brain permeance by anticancer agents. METHODS: In the @entity2 study. 2.4 mg/kg @entity2 was injected immediately after @entity5 emulsion (1%, 1.5%, and 2%) infusion into @entity1 carotid arteries. Two hours later, bilateral hemispheres and eyeballs were harvested, and @entity2 concentrations were measured fluorometrically. @entity2 ratios of ipsilateral/contralateral hemispheres were compared with those of @entity2 controls by use of the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn test. In the @entity3 study, 10 mg/kg @entity3 was injected immediately after 2% @entity5 emulsion infusion into @entity0 carotid arteries. Ipsilateral hemispheres were harvested 2, 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours after treatment. Time-dependent @entity3 concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. RESULTS: @entity2 concentrations were significantly higher in ipsilateral hemispheres and eyeballs in all 3 @entity5 treatment groups than in @entity2 controls. In the @entity3 study, @entity3 concentrations in the ipsilateral hemispheres peaked at 6 hours after infusion of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Brain permeance to anticancer agents was increased by @entity5 emulsion infusion, which suggests that @entity5 infusion might be a useful adjuvant treatment for @entity4 . ABBREVIATIONS: BBB, blood-brain barrierHPLC, high-performance liquid chromatographyLC/ESI-MS/MS, liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry.

title: XXXX Emulsion Infusion Into the Carotid Artery Increases Brain Permeability to Anticancer Agents.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity5 ) is an increasingly common subtype of @entity1 , especially in the elderly population. The optimization of treatment strategies has been hampered by the collection of heterogeneous outcome measures and data elements, precluding cross-study comparisons. This study aimed to quantify the heterogeneity of data elements in the pre-operative, operative, and post-operative phases of care, and build the basis for the development of a set of common data elements (CDEs) for @entity5 . This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and was registered with the PROSPERO register of systematic reviews (CRD42014007266). All full-text English studies with more than 10 @entity0 (prospective) or more than 100 @entity0 (retrospective) published after 1990 examining clinical outcomes in @entity5 were eligible for inclusion. One hundred two eligible studies were found. Only 40 studies (39.2%) reported the main presenting symptom/feature and 24 (23.5%) reported additional symptoms/features. Admitting neurological/functional status was classified by the Glasgow @entity2 Scale (25 studies; 24.5%), the Markwalder Score (26 studies; 25.5%) and the modified Rankin Scale (three studies; 2.9%). Fifty-four studies (52.9%) made some mention of @entity0 comorbidities and 58 studies (56.9%) reported the proportion or excluded patients on anticoagulant medication. Eighteen studies (17.6%) reported @entity3 status. Sixty-four studies (62.7%) stratified or assessed severity based on radiological findings, although the methods used varied widely. There was variable reporting of surgical technique and post-operative care; 32 studies (31.4%) made no mention of whether the operations were performed under general or local anesthetic. This study, a part of the Core Outcomes and Common Data Elements in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) project, confirms and quantifies the heterogeneity of data elements collected and reported in @entity5 studies to date. It establishes the basis for the consensus-based development of a set of common data elements, facilitating robust cross-study comparisons and resulting improvements in @entity0 outcomes.

title: Core Outcomes and Common Data Elements in XXXX : A Systematic Review of the Literature Focusing on Baseline and Peri-Operative Care Data Elements.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Operating room (OR) time is an expensive resource that should be optimized to reduce costs. Individual preoperative risk parameters (PORS) assessment may aid in predicting @entity1 surgery time. METHODS: Dedicated software was developed and known risk factors for @entity1 surgery were integrated into it. Preoperative risk parameters were assigned to each @entity0 in the preoperative meeting and the risk score was calculated. A total of 153 @entity0 were divided according to a standard classification into low-risk group (PORS  <=2) and high-risk group (PORS >5). Duration of surgery for each group was compared by Student t test and linear regression analysis was used to calculate the relation between change in OR time and change in risk score. RESULTS: @entity0 in the high PORS group had longer surgery times when compared with @entity0 in the low PORS group (37.6 vs 19.6, p<0.001). Risk scores positively correlated with surgery time (r = 0.30, p<0.001). Prediction equations for the OR time demonstrated for 2 surgeons that every increase in 1 risk point added 2.2 or 3.3 minutes to the OR time. Outliers (more than 1 standard deviation [SD] from each surgeon's surgery mean time) had more than twice the risk score of cases within 1 SD from the mean. CONCLUSIONS: The PORS system may be a useful tool for predicting OR time based on individual @entity0 risk and may improve OR scheduling.

title: Predicting XXXX surgery time based on preoperative risk assessment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Our case is a 31-year-old primipara who had undergone a cesarean section for multiple pregnancy and was referred to our clinic because of @entity5 . On admission, her consciousness level was lethargic. Computed tomography on admission showed high density area indicating right paraventricular @entity2 with @entity6 , and low density areas in bilateral basal ganglia. Examination of the cerebral angiogram done six days after onset of symptoms revealed multisegmental @entity4 in Willis' circle mainly. An emergent ventricular drainage was performed. Two weeks later, repeat angiogram revealed that @entity3 had almost disappeared. Repeat CT scan three months after the onset showed small low density area in the right caudate nucleus and disappearance of the low density areas in bilateral basal ganglia. Her clinical course was uneventful and she was discharged without @entity0 at about three weeks after the onset. In spite of absence of @entity1 on CT scan, remarkable multisegmental @entity3 was found on cerebral angiogram. We suspected that @entity5 may have been responsible for the @entity3 in this case. Bleeding was believed to have originated in the superolateral angle of the lateral ventricle. It was supposed that infarcted @entity2 or @entity2 from small artery due to changes in arterial or venous pressure might have occurred and penetrated into the lateral ventricle.

title: [A case of XXXX with @entity2 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Our case is a 31-year-old primipara who had undergone a cesarean section for multiple pregnancy and was referred to our clinic because of @entity5 . On admission, her consciousness level was lethargic. Computed tomography on admission showed high density area indicating right paraventricular @entity2 with @entity6 , and low density areas in bilateral basal ganglia. Examination of the cerebral angiogram done six days after onset of symptoms revealed multisegmental @entity4 in Willis' circle mainly. An emergent ventricular drainage was performed. Two weeks later, repeat angiogram revealed that @entity3 had almost disappeared. Repeat CT scan three months after the onset showed small low density area in the right caudate nucleus and disappearance of the low density areas in bilateral basal ganglia. Her clinical course was uneventful and she was discharged without @entity0 at about three weeks after the onset. In spite of absence of @entity1 on CT scan, remarkable multisegmental @entity3 was found on cerebral angiogram. We suspected that @entity5 may have been responsible for the @entity3 in this case. Bleeding was believed to have originated in the superolateral angle of the lateral ventricle. It was supposed that infarcted @entity2 or @entity2 from small artery due to changes in arterial or venous pressure might have occurred and penetrated into the lateral ventricle.

title: [A case of @entity5 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Three cases of communicating @entity10 after @entity6 are reported that underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt and suffered from delayed @entity11 along the ventricular catheter. Ventricular catheters were inserted into the posterior horn with minimal @entity2 by our method, in case 1 and 2, 3 times try of ventriculostomy, in case 3, replacement along the same route on the shunt revision. Blood pressure control after the operation was good and @entity7 tendency was not observed. @entity5 was not found in preoperative angiography in any case. In case 1, 60 year-old @entity0 , @entity11 occurred on the 7th-9th postoperative day as the result of @entity12 and generalized @entity3 which needed assisted ventilation for two days. In case 2, 54 year-old @entity0 and case 3, 59 year-old @entity0 , @entity1 and @entity9 suddenly developed immediately after micturition 4 days after operation. Postoperative CT scan revealed that cranioplasty, performed at the same time as shunt operation, caused mass effect on the shunted side of the brain in case 2. In case 3, VP shunt system revised did not seem to function so well. These conditions might predispose the shunted brain to bleed, in addition to the @entity4 or blood pressure probably produced by Valsalva effect at micturition. These cases indicate that the small surgical wound in the brain induced by shunt procedure could cause @entity5 and bring about delayed @entity8 under some predisposing factors.

title: [Delayed XXXX following VP shunt operation].

answer: @entity11


abstract: A 30-year-old, right handed male was admitted with @entity1 and mild right-sided motor weakness of one year's duration. A CT scan revealed a mass over the left frontal convexity. A cerebral angiogram showed a huge, hypervascular @entity0 which was fed by bilateral external carotid and left internal carotid arteries. Because of its size and location, a surgical intervention was considered contraindicated at that time. Instead he was initially irradiated 52 Gy in total dose with 10MV x-rays (Lineac). A CT scan 4 months thereafter revealed remarkable decrease in the size of @entity0 and reduction of its mass effect. A CT scan 12 months later, however, revealed increase in low density area around mass, although the size of the @entity0 was much smaller than before. He was readmitted for surgery 14 months after irradiation. An angiogram visualized more reduction of @entity0 stain and the caliber of feeding arteries. The @entity0 was totally removed without resultant @entity2 . A histological diagnosis of the @entity0 was @entity3 with well developed vascular networks. @entity3 is usually not a radiosensitive @entity0 , but there are some reports of cases with @entity3 which have been effectively treated with irradiation preoperatively. In the present case, because of a huge @entity0 in the dominant hemisphere, irradiation was given initial and 14 months thereafter the @entity0 was totally removed without @entity2 .

title: [A case of XXXX : the effect of preoperative irradiation].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Previous observational studies conducted predominantly in white @entity0 before 1988 estimated that 20% to 40% of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are unrecognized. Recent data on the proportion of @entity3 that are unrecognized, especially in @entity0 and African-Americans, are largely unavailable. @entity0 in the @entity4 Risk in Communities (ARIC) study were @entity0 and @entity0 , aged 45 to 65 years, who were free of clinically recognized @entity2 and electrocardiographic evidence of MI at baseline (n = 12,843). Three follow-up clinic examinations were conducted approximately 3, 6, and 9 years after baseline, and included a 12-lead electrocardiogram at rest. Electrocardiographic evidence of @entity5 was defined as the appearance between the baseline and subsequent examinations of a major Q wave or a minor Q wave with @entity1 changes. Clinically recognized (hospitalized) MI events were also identified and validated. Incident unrecognized MI was defined as electrocardiographic evidence of MI before, or in the absence of, a clinically recognized MI during the follow-up period. Of 508 @entity3 , 20% were unrecognized (95% confidence interval 16% to 23%), with African-Americans having a slightly higher percentage (23%) than whites (19%). The percentage of unrecognized @entity3 in @entity0 and @entity0 was similar. The percentage of unrecognized @entity3 in the ARIC sample between 1987 and 1998 was slightly lower than previous estimates from other populations.

title: Occurrence of unrecognized XXXX in subjects aged 45 to 65 years (the ARIC study).

answer: @entity3


abstract: This report presents the long-term subjective and objective results of esophageal myotomy and fundoplication by thoracotomy in the treatment of @entity5 . From 1977 to 1995, a total of 16 @entity0 with @entity5 were referred to our unit and underwent a myotomy with an added partial (n = 12) or total (n = 4) fundoplication. The median follow-up was 6 years. Assessments included clinical evaluation, esophagogram, radionuclide emptying, manometry, 24-hour pH studies, and endoscopy. From the global results, @entity0 with pure @entity2 (n = 8) were compared to @entity0 with @entity2 with an accompanying @entity6 (n = 8). There were no deaths, and morbidity was minimal. Preoperative symptoms were similar in all @entity0 with @entity2 . After surgery, the clinical outcome was significantly better in @entity0 with @entity2 in the presence of a @entity6 . Delays in esophageal emptying persisted after surgery. @entity0 with pure @entity2 showed more @entity1 . @entity0 with a @entity6 had dysfunction mostly in the distal esophagus. Both groups showed signs of @entity4 in the lower esophageal sphincter. Myotomy with antireflux surgery resulted in decreased propulsion and contraction pressure. The resting pressure and relaxation at the level of the lower esophageal sphincter improved, but the @entity4 remained. Failure resulted from either @entity3 (n = 1) or obstruction (n = 4). @entity0 with @entity2 plus a @entity6 showed better clinical results and improved esophageal function after surgery when compared to @entity0 with pure @entity2 .

title: Long myotomy with antireflux repair for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: This study was designed to clarify whether or not leukotoxin ( @entity6 ), which is biosynthesized by neutrophils, might be involved in the genesis of @entity2 . Twelve @entity0 were divided into 2 groups. In the test group (n = 6), 100 mumol/kg of @entity5 was injected intravenously, and in the control group (n = 6), 100 mumol/kg of @entity3 was injected. In each group, a series of blood samples were collected and used for coagulation studies. After the end of the experimental period, a histological study was performed on organs removed from the @entity0 . In the leukotoxin group, fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) was increased time-dependently. Fibrinogen was decreased, and prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were prolonged in parallel with the increase in FDP. A decrease in number of platelets was also observed. @entity4 was observed in sections of lung. These data were compatible with a diagnosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). No significant changes in these parameters were observed in the @entity3 group. @entity5 has been confirmed to show antifungal and antibacterial activity, and its production might be a defensive response to @entity1 . Over-production of leukotoxin associated with severe @entity1 might therefore account for @entity4 .

title: The role of leukotoxin ( XXXX ) in the genesis of @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: This study was designed to clarify whether or not leukotoxin ( @entity6 ), which is biosynthesized by neutrophils, might be involved in the genesis of @entity2 . Twelve @entity0 were divided into 2 groups. In the test group (n = 6), 100 mumol/kg of @entity5 was injected intravenously, and in the control group (n = 6), 100 mumol/kg of @entity3 was injected. In each group, a series of blood samples were collected and used for coagulation studies. After the end of the experimental period, a histological study was performed on organs removed from the @entity0 . In the leukotoxin group, fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) was increased time-dependently. Fibrinogen was decreased, and prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were prolonged in parallel with the increase in FDP. A decrease in number of platelets was also observed. @entity4 was observed in sections of lung. These data were compatible with a diagnosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). No significant changes in these parameters were observed in the @entity3 group. @entity5 has been confirmed to show antifungal and antibacterial activity, and its production might be a defensive response to @entity1 . Over-production of leukotoxin associated with severe @entity1 might therefore account for @entity4 .

title: The role of leukotoxin ( @entity6 ) in the genesis of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity11 of the ampulla of Vater is a rare @entity1 . It is a @entity1 because it is a @entity2 and biopsies of the lesion are false negative in 25% to 56% of @entity0 . The primary focus of this report @entity10 of 30 @entity0 with @entity11 of the ampulla of Vater who underwent Whipple operations. @entity8 blocks from 22 @entity0 were available. In eight @entity0 , blocks of the biopsies and the corresponding resected specimens were available. Immunohistochemical studies using antibodies to @entity7 and Ki-67 were performed to determine whether accumulation of these antibodies in the biopsy specimens would identify false negative biopsies. There was one @entity4 . The 2-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates for the 22 @entity0 surviving a Whipple operation were 74%, 57%, and 35%, respectively. Three @entity0 died of @entity1 . The mean @entity7 expression index was increased in @entity9 to 114 (P = 0.01), compared with 12.6 for normal ampullary epithelium adjacent to @entity1 . Significant differences in the Ki-67 proliferation index were noted between normal adjacent epithelium (13%), @entity6 (34%, P = 0.0002), and @entity3 (53%, P = 0.034), as well as between adenomatous epithelium and @entity3 (34% vs. 53%, P = .012). @entity5 was present in 65% of @entity0 with @entity11 (87% if @entity0 with @entity3 in situ in resected specimens are included). Because of the high false negative rate of ampullary biopsies, and the inability to accurately stage these lesions, we recommend pancreaticoduodenectomy in most @entity0 . Studies with @entity7 and Ki-67 markers suggest that they may be helpful in the recognition of ampullary villous @entity1 not identified on routine biopsies.

title: Treatment of @entity11 that may harbor XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity11 of the ampulla of Vater is a rare @entity1 . It is a @entity1 because it is a @entity2 and biopsies of the lesion are false negative in 25% to 56% of @entity0 . The primary focus of this report @entity10 of 30 @entity0 with @entity11 of the ampulla of Vater who underwent Whipple operations. @entity8 blocks from 22 @entity0 were available. In eight @entity0 , blocks of the biopsies and the corresponding resected specimens were available. Immunohistochemical studies using antibodies to @entity7 and Ki-67 were performed to determine whether accumulation of these antibodies in the biopsy specimens would identify false negative biopsies. There was one @entity4 . The 2-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates for the 22 @entity0 surviving a Whipple operation were 74%, 57%, and 35%, respectively. Three @entity0 died of @entity1 . The mean @entity7 expression index was increased in @entity9 to 114 (P = 0.01), compared with 12.6 for normal ampullary epithelium adjacent to @entity1 . Significant differences in the Ki-67 proliferation index were noted between normal adjacent epithelium (13%), @entity6 (34%, P = 0.0002), and @entity3 (53%, P = 0.034), as well as between adenomatous epithelium and @entity3 (34% vs. 53%, P = .012). @entity5 was present in 65% of @entity0 with @entity11 (87% if @entity0 with @entity3 in situ in resected specimens are included). Because of the high false negative rate of ampullary biopsies, and the inability to accurately stage these lesions, we recommend pancreaticoduodenectomy in most @entity0 . Studies with @entity7 and Ki-67 markers suggest that they may be helpful in the recognition of ampullary villous @entity1 not identified on routine biopsies.

title: Treatment of XXXX that may harbor @entity3 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: Injury is recognised internationally as the major threat to adolescent health. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of @entity1 in New Zealand, and to examine opportunities for prevention. National mortality data were searched to identify all 15-19 year-olds, who died from injuries in the period 1986-1995. Leading causes of injury were reviewed in light of known risk factors, injury mortality rates in other industrialised countries, and available prevention strategies. The results showed that injury accounted for 2,095 @entity2 (72.8 per 100,000 @entity0 years). Males comprised 77% of victims (110.6 per 100,000 @entity0 years), and there was a three-fold increase in mortality from age 15 (35.3 per 100,000 @entity0 years) to 19 years (106.4 per 100,000 @entity0 years). The leading causes of @entity2 were road traffic crashes (42.6 per 100,000 @entity0 years), suicide (16.4 per 100,000 @entity0 years), and unintentional drowning (3.6 per 100,000 @entity0 years). The Graduated Driver Licensing System addresses a range of risk factors for adolescent road traffic crashes. Despite inadequate enforcement, early indications are that it has yielded modest reductions in injury. Hazardous drinking is implicated in the high rates of road traffic crashes and drownings, and given recent liberalization of supply-side policies, proactive identification of hazardous drinkers followed by brief intervention holds promise as a prevention measure. Suicide accounts for an increasing rate of adolescent @entity2 in New Zealand. The effect of national policies to address a range of suicide risk factors remains to be fully evaluated.

title: XXXX mortality in New Zealand and opportunities for prevention.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is increasingly used as a therapeutic tool in psychiatry and has been demonstrated to attenuate the activity of the stress hormone system. Stress-induced structural remodeling in the adult hippocampus may provide a cellular basis for understanding the impairment of neural plasticity in @entity2 . Accordingly, reversal of structural remodeling might be a desirable goal for antidepressant therapy. The present study investigated the effect of chronic psychosocial stress and concomitant repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment on stress hormone regulation and hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS: Adult male @entity0 were submitted to daily psychosocial stress and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (20 Hz) for 18 days. Cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus was quantified by using @entity3 immunohistochemistry, and both the proliferation rate of progenitors and the survival rate of @entity3 -labeled cells were evaluated. To characterize the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system, plasma @entity5 and @entity4 concentrations were measured. RESULTS: @entity1 resulted in a significant increase of stress hormone levels and potently suppressed the proliferation rate and survival of the newly generated hippocampal granule cells. Concomitant repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment normalized the stress-induced elevation of stress hormones; however, despite the normalized activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system, the decrement of hippocampal cell proliferation was only mildly attenuated by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, while the survival rate of @entity3 -labeled cells was further suppressed by the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the notion that attenuation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system is an important mechanism underlying the clinically observed antidepressant effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, whereas this experimental design did not reveal beneficial effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

title: XXXX and concomitant repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: effects on stress hormone levels and adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Age is the main clinical determinant of large artery stiffness. Central arteries stiffen progressively with age, whereas peripheral muscular arteries change little with age. A number of clinical studies have analyzed the effects of age on @entity11 . Increase of central artery stiffness with age is responsible for earlier wave reflections and changes in pressure wave contours. The stiffening of aorta and other central arteries is a potential risk factor for increased @entity2 and mortality. Arterial stiffening with aging is accompanied by an elevation in systolic blood pressure (BP) and pulse pressure (PP). Although arterial stiffening with age is a common situation, it has now been confirmed that older subjects with increased @entity5 and elevated PP have higher @entity2 and mortality. Increase in @entity11 with age occurs gradually and continuously, similarly for @entity0 and @entity0 . Cross-sectional studies have shown that aortic and carotid stiffness (evaluated by the pulse wave velocity) increase with age by approximately 10% to 15% during a period of 10 years. @entity0 always have 5% to 10% lower stiffness than @entity0 of the same age. Although large artery stiffness increases with age independently of the presence of cardiovascular risk factors or other associated conditions, the extent of this increase may depend on several environmental or genetic factors. @entity3 may increase @entity5 , especially in older subjects. Among other cardiovascular risk factors, @entity9 and 2 accelerates @entity5 , whereas the role of @entity10 and @entity4 smoking is unclear. Arterial stiffness is also present in several cardiovascular and @entity1 . @entity0 with @entity7 , @entity6 , and those with @entity8 often develop central artery stiffness. Decreased carotid distensibility, increased arterial thickness, and presence of calcifications and plaques often coexist in the same subject. However, relationships between these three alterations of the arterial wall remain to be explored.

title: Influence of age, risk factors, and cardiovascular and XXXX on @entity5 : clinical applications.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Age is the main clinical determinant of large artery stiffness. Central arteries stiffen progressively with age, whereas peripheral muscular arteries change little with age. A number of clinical studies have analyzed the effects of age on @entity11 . Increase of central artery stiffness with age is responsible for earlier wave reflections and changes in pressure wave contours. The stiffening of aorta and other central arteries is a potential risk factor for increased @entity2 and mortality. Arterial stiffening with aging is accompanied by an elevation in systolic blood pressure (BP) and pulse pressure (PP). Although arterial stiffening with age is a common situation, it has now been confirmed that older subjects with increased @entity5 and elevated PP have higher @entity2 and mortality. Increase in @entity11 with age occurs gradually and continuously, similarly for @entity0 and @entity0 . Cross-sectional studies have shown that aortic and carotid stiffness (evaluated by the pulse wave velocity) increase with age by approximately 10% to 15% during a period of 10 years. @entity0 always have 5% to 10% lower stiffness than @entity0 of the same age. Although large artery stiffness increases with age independently of the presence of cardiovascular risk factors or other associated conditions, the extent of this increase may depend on several environmental or genetic factors. @entity3 may increase @entity5 , especially in older subjects. Among other cardiovascular risk factors, @entity9 and 2 accelerates @entity5 , whereas the role of @entity10 and @entity4 smoking is unclear. Arterial stiffness is also present in several cardiovascular and @entity1 . @entity0 with @entity7 , @entity6 , and those with @entity8 often develop central artery stiffness. Decreased carotid distensibility, increased arterial thickness, and presence of calcifications and plaques often coexist in the same subject. However, relationships between these three alterations of the arterial wall remain to be explored.

title: Influence of age, risk factors, and cardiovascular and @entity1 on XXXX : clinical applications.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We previously reported the production of a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies which recognize glycoproteins abnormally expressed in @entity1 @entity0 . Using two of these antibodies, a double antibody radioimmunoassay was designed to quantify levels of these @entity0 marker glycoproteins in serum. Marker levels greater than 28 units were considered abnormal. Using this criterion, 63% and 75% of @entity1 with @entity0 stages I and II, respectively, and 88% of those with @entity2 were found to have elevated marker levels. Thirteen percent of @entity1 with non-malignant @entity3 also had elevated marker levels. Elevated marker levels were also detected in @entity1 with non @entity0 . One hundred and eleven @entity1 with @entity2 were followed. Eighty-two percent of those with progressive disease and 73% of those where disease regressed had 20% changes in marker levels. These changes in marker levels preceded by up to 6 months changes in disease state. From these results we conclude that this assay may be useful for monitoring the course of disease in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Double antibody radioimmunoassay for monitoring metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Based on data from the Turkish Society of Cardiology and others, it is established that Turks have a high prevalence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Several risk factors are prominent in Turks: @entity6 , cigarette smoking, and @entity1 . The @entity6 is unique in that very low levels of HDL-C and typically "normal" LDL-C levels characterize the Turkish population. The low HDL-C levels appear to be genetic in origin and are largely independent of high @entity5 levels (73% of Turkish @entity0 and 94% of @entity0 with HDL-C <40 mg/dl have @entity5 levels <150 mg/dl; only 15% of @entity0 and 3% of @entity0 with HDL-C <40 mg/dl have @entity5 levels >200 mg/dl). HDL-C levels are 10-15% mg/dl lower in Turks than seen in the United States or western Europe. Low HDL-C is a major risk factor; @entity4 risk increases 2-4% for every 1 mg/dl decrease in HDL-C levels. Existing treatment guidelines focus on plasma LDL-C levels and fail to take into account the continuous increase in @entity4 risk that occurs as HDL-C levels decrease. However, several studies show that @entity0 with @entity4 or free of @entity4 but with multiple risk factors, who have low HDL-C and near optimal LDL-C, benefit very significantly from lipid-lowering therapy. Many of these @entity0 with low HDL-C levels do not qualify for drug therapy based on existing guidelines. Therefore, we believe that unique guidelines must be developed to guide the treatment of low HDL-C Turkish @entity0 . We suggest that treatment based on both the LDL-C level and the total @entity2 /HDL-C (TC/HDL-C) ratio is the best way to address treatment of @entity0 with low HDL-C levels. The most effective drug treatment available presently in @entity3 relies on lowering LDL-C levels to optimize the TC/HDL-C ratio.

title: Managing @entity6 in XXXX : suggested guidelines for a population characterized by low levels of high density lipoprotein @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Based on data from the Turkish Society of Cardiology and others, it is established that Turks have a high prevalence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Several risk factors are prominent in Turks: @entity6 , cigarette smoking, and @entity1 . The @entity6 is unique in that very low levels of HDL-C and typically "normal" LDL-C levels characterize the Turkish population. The low HDL-C levels appear to be genetic in origin and are largely independent of high @entity5 levels (73% of Turkish @entity0 and 94% of @entity0 with HDL-C <40 mg/dl have @entity5 levels <150 mg/dl; only 15% of @entity0 and 3% of @entity0 with HDL-C <40 mg/dl have @entity5 levels >200 mg/dl). HDL-C levels are 10-15% mg/dl lower in Turks than seen in the United States or western Europe. Low HDL-C is a major risk factor; @entity4 risk increases 2-4% for every 1 mg/dl decrease in HDL-C levels. Existing treatment guidelines focus on plasma LDL-C levels and fail to take into account the continuous increase in @entity4 risk that occurs as HDL-C levels decrease. However, several studies show that @entity0 with @entity4 or free of @entity4 but with multiple risk factors, who have low HDL-C and near optimal LDL-C, benefit very significantly from lipid-lowering therapy. Many of these @entity0 with low HDL-C levels do not qualify for drug therapy based on existing guidelines. Therefore, we believe that unique guidelines must be developed to guide the treatment of low HDL-C Turkish @entity0 . We suggest that treatment based on both the LDL-C level and the total @entity2 /HDL-C (TC/HDL-C) ratio is the best way to address treatment of @entity0 with low HDL-C levels. The most effective drug treatment available presently in @entity3 relies on lowering LDL-C levels to optimize the TC/HDL-C ratio.

title: Managing XXXX in @entity3 : suggested guidelines for a population characterized by low levels of high density lipoprotein @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Based on data from the Turkish Society of Cardiology and others, it is established that Turks have a high prevalence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Several risk factors are prominent in Turks: @entity6 , cigarette smoking, and @entity1 . The @entity6 is unique in that very low levels of HDL-C and typically "normal" LDL-C levels characterize the Turkish population. The low HDL-C levels appear to be genetic in origin and are largely independent of high @entity5 levels (73% of Turkish @entity0 and 94% of @entity0 with HDL-C <40 mg/dl have @entity5 levels <150 mg/dl; only 15% of @entity0 and 3% of @entity0 with HDL-C <40 mg/dl have @entity5 levels >200 mg/dl). HDL-C levels are 10-15% mg/dl lower in Turks than seen in the United States or western Europe. Low HDL-C is a major risk factor; @entity4 risk increases 2-4% for every 1 mg/dl decrease in HDL-C levels. Existing treatment guidelines focus on plasma LDL-C levels and fail to take into account the continuous increase in @entity4 risk that occurs as HDL-C levels decrease. However, several studies show that @entity0 with @entity4 or free of @entity4 but with multiple risk factors, who have low HDL-C and near optimal LDL-C, benefit very significantly from lipid-lowering therapy. Many of these @entity0 with low HDL-C levels do not qualify for drug therapy based on existing guidelines. Therefore, we believe that unique guidelines must be developed to guide the treatment of low HDL-C Turkish @entity0 . We suggest that treatment based on both the LDL-C level and the total @entity2 /HDL-C (TC/HDL-C) ratio is the best way to address treatment of @entity0 with low HDL-C levels. The most effective drug treatment available presently in @entity3 relies on lowering LDL-C levels to optimize the TC/HDL-C ratio.

title: Managing @entity6 in @entity3 : suggested guidelines for a population characterized by low levels of high density lipoprotein XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 remains the leading cause of @entity4 in the United States. The association between serum @entity7 and @entity1 remains controversial. We used data collected prospectively from @entity0 of the Framingham Offspring Study to assess whether a lower concentration of serum @entity7 was associated with an increased risk of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and all-cause mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: During 21.9 years of mean follow-up, 280 cases of @entity6 occurred. From the highest to the lowest tertile of serum @entity7 , crude incidence rates of @entity6 were 26.7, 46.7, and 67.8 cases per 10 000 @entity0 -years, respectively, for @entity0 and 5.9, 15.0, and 16.8 cases per 10 000 @entity0 -years, respectively, for @entity0 . In a Mantel-Haenszel method adjusting for age, total @entity3 , and @entity2 , lower serum @entity7 was associated with an increased risk of @entity6 in both sexes. From the highest to the lowest tertile of @entity7 , the adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of @entity6 were 1.0 (reference), 1.25 (0.84 to 1.84), and 1.49 (1.01 to 2.21), respectively, for @entity0 and 1.0, 1.79 (0.88 to 3.65), and 2.12 (1.06 to 4.27), respectively, for @entity0 . The @entity7 - @entity6 association was stronger among @entity2 subjects in both sexes. In addition, low @entity7 was associated with an increased rate of all-cause mortality in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Lower serum @entity7 concentrations appear to be associated with an increased risk of @entity5 in both sexes and with all-cause mortality in @entity0 and could help along with traditional risk factors in identifying @entity0 at risk of @entity6 .

title: Serum XXXX and risk of @entity6 and all-cause mortality in the Framingham Offspring Study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 remains the leading cause of @entity4 in the United States. The association between serum @entity7 and @entity1 remains controversial. We used data collected prospectively from @entity0 of the Framingham Offspring Study to assess whether a lower concentration of serum @entity7 was associated with an increased risk of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and all-cause mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: During 21.9 years of mean follow-up, 280 cases of @entity6 occurred. From the highest to the lowest tertile of serum @entity7 , crude incidence rates of @entity6 were 26.7, 46.7, and 67.8 cases per 10 000 @entity0 -years, respectively, for @entity0 and 5.9, 15.0, and 16.8 cases per 10 000 @entity0 -years, respectively, for @entity0 . In a Mantel-Haenszel method adjusting for age, total @entity3 , and @entity2 , lower serum @entity7 was associated with an increased risk of @entity6 in both sexes. From the highest to the lowest tertile of @entity7 , the adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of @entity6 were 1.0 (reference), 1.25 (0.84 to 1.84), and 1.49 (1.01 to 2.21), respectively, for @entity0 and 1.0, 1.79 (0.88 to 3.65), and 2.12 (1.06 to 4.27), respectively, for @entity0 . The @entity7 - @entity6 association was stronger among @entity2 subjects in both sexes. In addition, low @entity7 was associated with an increased rate of all-cause mortality in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Lower serum @entity7 concentrations appear to be associated with an increased risk of @entity5 in both sexes and with all-cause mortality in @entity0 and could help along with traditional risk factors in identifying @entity0 at risk of @entity6 .

title: Serum @entity7 and risk of XXXX and all-cause mortality in the Framingham Offspring Study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study determined the prevalence of increased @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and T ( @entity5 ) in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 and whether an increased troponin was predictive of @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Serum was obtained from 733 @entity3 @entity0 and measured for @entity4 and @entity5 . Relative risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regressions univariately and adjusted for age, time on dialysis, and @entity2 . Kaplan-Meier curves compared time to event data between groups. Greater percentages of @entity0 had an increased @entity5 versus @entity4 at each cutoff, as follows: 99th percentile, 82% versus 6%; 10% coefficient of variation, 53% versus 1.0%; and receiver operator characteristic, 20% versus 0.4%. Increased versus normal @entity5 was predictive of increased mortality using all cutoffs and only above the 99th percentile for @entity4 . Two-year cumulative mortality rates increased (P<0.001) with changes in @entity5 from normal (<0.01 microg/L, 8.4%) to small (> or =0.01 to <0.04 microg/L, 26%), moderate (> or =0.04 to <0.1 microg/L, 39%), and large (> or =0.1 microg/L, 47%) increases. Two-year mortalities were 30% for @entity4 <0.1 microg/L and 52% if > or =0.1 microg/L. Univariate and adjusted relative risks of @entity1 associated with elevated (>99th percentile) @entity5 were 5.0 (CI, 2.5 to 10; P<0.001) and 3.9 (CI, 1.9 to7.9; P<0.001) and @entity4 were 2.0 (CI, 1.3 to 3.3; P=0.008) and 2.1 (CI, 1.3 to 3.3; P=0.007). Age, @entity2 , and time on dialysis were also independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in @entity5 and @entity4 in @entity3 @entity0 show a 2- to 5-fold increase in mortality, with a greater number of @entity0 having an increased @entity5 .

title: Predictive value of @entity4 and T for subsequent XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study determined the prevalence of increased @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and T ( @entity5 ) in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 and whether an increased troponin was predictive of @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Serum was obtained from 733 @entity3 @entity0 and measured for @entity4 and @entity5 . Relative risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regressions univariately and adjusted for age, time on dialysis, and @entity2 . Kaplan-Meier curves compared time to event data between groups. Greater percentages of @entity0 had an increased @entity5 versus @entity4 at each cutoff, as follows: 99th percentile, 82% versus 6%; 10% coefficient of variation, 53% versus 1.0%; and receiver operator characteristic, 20% versus 0.4%. Increased versus normal @entity5 was predictive of increased mortality using all cutoffs and only above the 99th percentile for @entity4 . Two-year cumulative mortality rates increased (P<0.001) with changes in @entity5 from normal (<0.01 microg/L, 8.4%) to small (> or =0.01 to <0.04 microg/L, 26%), moderate (> or =0.04 to <0.1 microg/L, 39%), and large (> or =0.1 microg/L, 47%) increases. Two-year mortalities were 30% for @entity4 <0.1 microg/L and 52% if > or =0.1 microg/L. Univariate and adjusted relative risks of @entity1 associated with elevated (>99th percentile) @entity5 were 5.0 (CI, 2.5 to 10; P<0.001) and 3.9 (CI, 1.9 to7.9; P<0.001) and @entity4 were 2.0 (CI, 1.3 to 3.3; P=0.008) and 2.1 (CI, 1.3 to 3.3; P=0.007). Age, @entity2 , and time on dialysis were also independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in @entity5 and @entity4 in @entity3 @entity0 show a 2- to 5-fold increase in mortality, with a greater number of @entity0 having an increased @entity5 .

title: Predictive value of @entity4 and T for subsequent @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study determined the prevalence of increased @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and T ( @entity5 ) in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 and whether an increased troponin was predictive of @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Serum was obtained from 733 @entity3 @entity0 and measured for @entity4 and @entity5 . Relative risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regressions univariately and adjusted for age, time on dialysis, and @entity2 . Kaplan-Meier curves compared time to event data between groups. Greater percentages of @entity0 had an increased @entity5 versus @entity4 at each cutoff, as follows: 99th percentile, 82% versus 6%; 10% coefficient of variation, 53% versus 1.0%; and receiver operator characteristic, 20% versus 0.4%. Increased versus normal @entity5 was predictive of increased mortality using all cutoffs and only above the 99th percentile for @entity4 . Two-year cumulative mortality rates increased (P<0.001) with changes in @entity5 from normal (<0.01 microg/L, 8.4%) to small (> or =0.01 to <0.04 microg/L, 26%), moderate (> or =0.04 to <0.1 microg/L, 39%), and large (> or =0.1 microg/L, 47%) increases. Two-year mortalities were 30% for @entity4 <0.1 microg/L and 52% if > or =0.1 microg/L. Univariate and adjusted relative risks of @entity1 associated with elevated (>99th percentile) @entity5 were 5.0 (CI, 2.5 to 10; P<0.001) and 3.9 (CI, 1.9 to7.9; P<0.001) and @entity4 were 2.0 (CI, 1.3 to 3.3; P=0.008) and 2.1 (CI, 1.3 to 3.3; P=0.007). Age, @entity2 , and time on dialysis were also independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in @entity5 and @entity4 in @entity3 @entity0 show a 2- to 5-fold increase in mortality, with a greater number of @entity0 having an increased @entity5 .

title: Predictive value of XXXX and T for subsequent @entity1 in @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The twentieth century witnessed remarkable reductions in the number and rate of occupational fatalities and @entity0 . However, many preventable @entity0 and @entity1 still occur. Barriers to progress in @entity2 prevention are discussed, along with strategies for overcoming them. In mining, the frequency of @entity1 has dramatically declined over the century. The latest figures from the BLS indicate that less than 6000 worker @entity1 from injury occurred in 2000. Catastrophic events have prompted increased attention, resources, and action on workplace hazards and risks, resulting in sweeping changes, including new protective laws. Science based approaches to prevention have contributed to progress. Multidisciplinary collaboration among injury prevention researchers, and collaboration and cooperation among multiple sectors, have improved the relevance and application of injury prevention research and development. Barriers to further progress include lack of evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention strategies and technologies, including cost effectiveness; lack of widespread implementation of known, effective prevention; and lack of efficient transfer and implementation of prevention knowledge and products to the workplace. Evaluation and implementation of prevention efforts are most successfully achieved in partnership between researchers and the industry at risk, which requires outreach efforts on the part of the occupational research community.

title: XXXX prevention research: progress and priorities.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: It has been suggested that @entity1 with T1-2 @entity0 and sentinel node (SLN) micrometastases, defined as foci of @entity3 cells smaller than 2 mm, may be spared completion axillary lymph node dissection because of the low incidence of further @entity2 . To gain insight into the extent of non-sentinel lymph node (n-SLN) involvement, SLNs and complementary axillary clearance specimens in @entity1 with SLN micrometastases were examined. METHODS: A set of 32 @entity1 with SLN micrometastases was selected on the basis of pathology reports and review of SLNs. Five hundred and thirteen n-SLNs from the axillary clearance specimens were serially sectioned and analysed by means of immunohistochemistry for @entity2 . Lymph node @entity2 were grouped as macrometastases (> 2 mm), and micrometastases (< 2 mm), and further subdivided as @entity3 cells (ITCs) or clusters. RESULTS: In 11 of 32 @entity1 , one or more n-SLN was involved. Grade 3 @entity3 and @entity3 > 2 cm (T2-3 v T1) were significantly associated with n-SLN micrometastases as clusters (grade: odds ratio (OR), 8.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4 to 50.0; size: T2-3 @entity3 v T1: OR, 15; 95% CI, 2.18 to 103.0). However, no subgroup of @entity3 with regard to size and grade was identified that did not have n-SLN @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity0 and SLN micrometastases, n-SLN involvement is relatively common. The incidence of metastatic clusters in n-SLN is greatly increased in @entity1 with T2-3 @entity3 and grade 3 @entity3 . Therefore, axillary lymph node dissection is especially warranted in these @entity1 . However, because n-SLN @entity2 also occur in T1 and low grade @entity3 , even these should be subjected to routine axillary dissection to achieve local control.

title: Non-sentinel lymph node involvement in @entity1 with XXXX and sentinel node micrometastasis; too early to abandon axillary clearance.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: It has been suggested that @entity1 with T1-2 @entity0 and sentinel node (SLN) micrometastases, defined as foci of @entity3 cells smaller than 2 mm, may be spared completion axillary lymph node dissection because of the low incidence of further @entity2 . To gain insight into the extent of non-sentinel lymph node (n-SLN) involvement, SLNs and complementary axillary clearance specimens in @entity1 with SLN micrometastases were examined. METHODS: A set of 32 @entity1 with SLN micrometastases was selected on the basis of pathology reports and review of SLNs. Five hundred and thirteen n-SLNs from the axillary clearance specimens were serially sectioned and analysed by means of immunohistochemistry for @entity2 . Lymph node @entity2 were grouped as macrometastases (> 2 mm), and micrometastases (< 2 mm), and further subdivided as @entity3 cells (ITCs) or clusters. RESULTS: In 11 of 32 @entity1 , one or more n-SLN was involved. Grade 3 @entity3 and @entity3 > 2 cm (T2-3 v T1) were significantly associated with n-SLN micrometastases as clusters (grade: odds ratio (OR), 8.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4 to 50.0; size: T2-3 @entity3 v T1: OR, 15; 95% CI, 2.18 to 103.0). However, no subgroup of @entity3 with regard to size and grade was identified that did not have n-SLN @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity0 and SLN micrometastases, n-SLN involvement is relatively common. The incidence of metastatic clusters in n-SLN is greatly increased in @entity1 with T2-3 @entity3 and grade 3 @entity3 . Therefore, axillary lymph node dissection is especially warranted in these @entity1 . However, because n-SLN @entity2 also occur in T1 and low grade @entity3 , even these should be subjected to routine axillary dissection to achieve local control.

title: Non-sentinel lymph node involvement in XXXX with @entity0 and sentinel node micrometastasis; too early to abandon axillary clearance.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: One of the limitations of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the breast is @entity0 ( @entity0 ) from @entity2 ( @entity2 ). It has been proposed that the presence of myoepithelial cells overlying epithelial malignant cell clusters suggests @entity2 . However, the recognition of myoepithelial cells in aspirates may be difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate a new nuclear myoepithelial cell marker, @entity3 , a @entity1 homologue nuclear transcription factor, in a series of breast FNABs in an attempt to distinguish @entity0 from @entity2 . METHODS: Papanicolaou stained smears from eight cases of pure @entity2 and 15 cases of pure @entity0 with a histologically confirmed diagnosis were submitted to immunocytochemical analysis using the antibody 4A4 against @entity3 . Two pathologists evaluated the presence of @entity3 positive cells overlying malignant cell clusters and admixed with malignant cells. The frequency of @entity3 positive cells in @entity2 and @entity0 was compared using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: @entity3 consistently stained the nuclei of myoepithelial cells, either overlying malignant cell clusters and/or admixed with malignant cells. @entity3 positive myoepithelial cells were seen in all @entity2 cases and in nine of the 15 cases of @entity0 (p = 0.0375). In eight cases (three @entity2 and five @entity0 ), scattered @entity3 + epithelial malignant cells were seen. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity3 positive myoepithelial cells are found more frequently in @entity2 cases, their presence cannot be used as a criterion to rule out invasion in breast FNABs because they are present in up to 60% of invasive cases.

title: XXXX Staining of myoepithelial cells in breast fine needle aspirates: a study of its role in differentiating in situ from invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast.

answer: @entity3