abstract: BACKGROUND: The transition from no coronary artery @entity4 (CAC) to detectable CAC is important, as even mild CAC is associated with increased cardiovascular events. We sought to characterize the anatomic distribution and burden of newly detectable CAC over 10-year follow-up. METHODS: We evaluated 3112 @entity0 (mean age, 58  years; 64% female) with baseline CAC  = 0 from the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity5 . @entity0 underwent repeat CAC testing at different time intervals (between 2-10  years after baseline) per the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity5 protocol. Among @entity0 who developed CAC on a follow-up scan, we used logistic regression and marginal probability modeling to describe the coronary distribution and burden of new CAC by age, sex, and race after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and time to detection. RESULTS: A total of 1125 @entity0 developed detectable CAC during follow-up with a mean time to detection of 6.1    3  years. New CAC was most commonly isolated to 1 vessel (72% of @entity0 ), with the left anterior descending artery (44% of total) most commonly affected followed by the right coronary (12%), left circumflex (10%), and left main (6%). These patterns were similar across age, sex, and race. In multivariate models, residual predictors of multivessel CAC (28% of total) included male sex, African American or Hispanic race, @entity3 , @entity2 , and @entity1 . At the first detection of CAC >0, burden was usually low with median Agatston CAC score of 7.1 and <5% with CAC scores >100. CONCLUSION: New-onset CAC most commonly involves just 1 vessel, occurs in the left anterior descending artery, and has low CAC burden. New CAC can be detected at an early stage when aggressive preventive strategies may provide benefit.

title: Distribution and burden of newly detected coronary artery @entity4 : Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Preovulatory @entity0 oocytes were cooled to 0 degrees C at 1 degree C/min, with or without the cryoprotectant @entity2 ( @entity2 ), to assess the effects of cooling on the meiotic spindles and on oocyte structure. Batches of oocytes, cultured for 3-9 h, were held at 0 degrees C for 20 or 60 min and then fixed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) either at 0 or 8 degrees C. Control oocytes were not cooled and were fixed at 22 or 37 degrees C for comparison. TEM revealed that 80% of the oocytes were at metaphase II, while 20% were at metaphase I and most had resumed meiosis recently. Control oocytes had more or less barrel-shaped meiotic spindles composed of microtubules (MT), some associated with chromosomes at kinetochores. Both metaphase I and II spindles were disassembled when cooled and fixed at 0 degrees C, with or without @entity2 , due to extensive depolymerization of MT. The few MT that survived were found at the poles or were bundled together or were associated with chromosomes. Kinetochores were not prominent. Some oocytes cooled with @entity2 and fixed at 0 or 8 degrees C showed evidence of MT, but the spindles were still disorganized and were abnormal in structure. Chromosomes tended to clump together or were dislocated in the cortical ooplasm in cooled oocytes, but widespread scattering was not observed. This was particularly evident in the absence of @entity2 . Elements of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, mitochondria and the cytosol were also adversely affected in some of the cooled oocytes and their surrounding cumulus cells. The results show that meiotic spindles are very sensitive to simple cooling and that @entity2 does not provide substantial stabilization of the meiotic spindle even at 0 degrees C. The findings are discussed with reference to recent work on frozen @entity0 and @entity1 oocytes.

title: The effects of cooling XXXX oocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We made simultaneous measurements of pulmonary hemodynamics, cardiac output, and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to assess the right ventricular function in 14 @entity0 with @entity3 as a result of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). From these measurements, the right ventricular end-systolic pressure/volume relationship could be calculated and used to assess right ventricular contractility. Eight of the @entity0 were clinically stable, without @entity1 , and 6 presented acutely with gross @entity1 , indicating decompensated @entity5 . Measurements were made at rest, while breathing air and @entity2 . Although mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) was similar in those with (Ppa = 33 +/- 6 mm Hg) and without @entity1 (Ppa = 30 +/- 8 mm Hg, p greater than 0.05), @entity6 was lower in @entity1 ( @entity6 = 0.23 +/- 0.11) compared with non- @entity1 @entity0 ( @entity6 = 0.47 +/- 0.04, p less than 0.01). Cardiac output was normal in both groups. The mean right ventricular end-systolic pressure/volume ratio (P/V) was lower in those @entity0 with @entity1 (P/V = 0.41 +/- 0.27), as compared with those without @entity1 (P/V = 1.69 +/- 0.35, p less than 0.05), as a result of an increase in right ventricular end-systolic volume index. Similarly, left ventricular end-systolic volumes were higher in @entity1 than in non- @entity1 @entity0 . Breathing 1 to 3 L/min of @entity2 for 30 min decreased total pulmonary vascular resistance (p less than 0.05) in those @entity0 without @entity1 , but not in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity2 did not change @entity6 , left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), or the ventricular end-systolic P/V relationships.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effects of controlled XXXX therapy on ventricular function in @entity0 with stable and decompensated @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We made simultaneous measurements of pulmonary hemodynamics, cardiac output, and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to assess the right ventricular function in 14 @entity0 with @entity3 as a result of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). From these measurements, the right ventricular end-systolic pressure/volume relationship could be calculated and used to assess right ventricular contractility. Eight of the @entity0 were clinically stable, without @entity1 , and 6 presented acutely with gross @entity1 , indicating decompensated @entity5 . Measurements were made at rest, while breathing air and @entity2 . Although mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) was similar in those with (Ppa = 33 +/- 6 mm Hg) and without @entity1 (Ppa = 30 +/- 8 mm Hg, p greater than 0.05), @entity6 was lower in @entity1 ( @entity6 = 0.23 +/- 0.11) compared with non- @entity1 @entity0 ( @entity6 = 0.47 +/- 0.04, p less than 0.01). Cardiac output was normal in both groups. The mean right ventricular end-systolic pressure/volume ratio (P/V) was lower in those @entity0 with @entity1 (P/V = 0.41 +/- 0.27), as compared with those without @entity1 (P/V = 1.69 +/- 0.35, p less than 0.05), as a result of an increase in right ventricular end-systolic volume index. Similarly, left ventricular end-systolic volumes were higher in @entity1 than in non- @entity1 @entity0 . Breathing 1 to 3 L/min of @entity2 for 30 min decreased total pulmonary vascular resistance (p less than 0.05) in those @entity0 without @entity1 , but not in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity2 did not change @entity6 , left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), or the ventricular end-systolic P/V relationships.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effects of controlled @entity2 therapy on ventricular function in @entity0 with stable and decompensated XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We made simultaneous measurements of pulmonary hemodynamics, cardiac output, and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to assess the right ventricular function in 14 @entity0 with @entity3 as a result of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). From these measurements, the right ventricular end-systolic pressure/volume relationship could be calculated and used to assess right ventricular contractility. Eight of the @entity0 were clinically stable, without @entity1 , and 6 presented acutely with gross @entity1 , indicating decompensated @entity5 . Measurements were made at rest, while breathing air and @entity2 . Although mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) was similar in those with (Ppa = 33 +/- 6 mm Hg) and without @entity1 (Ppa = 30 +/- 8 mm Hg, p greater than 0.05), @entity6 was lower in @entity1 ( @entity6 = 0.23 +/- 0.11) compared with non- @entity1 @entity0 ( @entity6 = 0.47 +/- 0.04, p less than 0.01). Cardiac output was normal in both groups. The mean right ventricular end-systolic pressure/volume ratio (P/V) was lower in those @entity0 with @entity1 (P/V = 0.41 +/- 0.27), as compared with those without @entity1 (P/V = 1.69 +/- 0.35, p less than 0.05), as a result of an increase in right ventricular end-systolic volume index. Similarly, left ventricular end-systolic volumes were higher in @entity1 than in non- @entity1 @entity0 . Breathing 1 to 3 L/min of @entity2 for 30 min decreased total pulmonary vascular resistance (p less than 0.05) in those @entity0 without @entity1 , but not in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity2 did not change @entity6 , left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), or the ventricular end-systolic P/V relationships.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effects of controlled @entity2 therapy on ventricular function in XXXX with stable and decompensated @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acute rejection is a serious and life-threatening complication of liver transplantation (LTx). @entity2 ( @entity3 ) is a potent immunosuppressant used in experimental and clinical transplantation. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) plays key roles as a transcription factor in the immune response. This study explored the role of @entity6 in acute rejection after LTx using @entity3 treatment. Here, LTx was performed in DA (RT1(n)) and Lewis (LEW) (RT1( @entity0 . The recipients were immunosuppressed with @entity3 (1.5mg/kg/day subcutaneously) or saline. Liver grafts were harvested 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10days after LTx for histology, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and real-time PCR. Splenic mononuclear cells were activated with different doses of @entity3 . The nuclear factor of activated T cells ( @entity5 ) signal pathway and CD4+ T subset-related transcription factors were assessed. The results showed that @entity3 treatment prolonged the survival of liver allografts in recipients, significantly attenuated @entity1 and improved liver function. @entity6 expression in grafts was down-regulated after @entity3 treatment. @entity3 inhibited the expression of @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity4 and RORyt in splenic mononuclear cells in vitro. In conclusions, our studies showed that @entity3 attenuated acute rejection responses after LTx. This attenuation might depend on the @entity3 - @entity5 - @entity6 signal pathway, which is crucial for the function of T helper subsets (Treg and Th17 cells) in acute rejection after LTx. These findings contribute to our understanding of the immune pharmacological mechanism of @entity3 to prevent rejection in LTx @entity0 .

title: Roles of the @entity2 -dependent transcription factor XXXX in acute rejection after liver transplantation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acute rejection is a serious and life-threatening complication of liver transplantation (LTx). @entity2 ( @entity3 ) is a potent immunosuppressant used in experimental and clinical transplantation. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) plays key roles as a transcription factor in the immune response. This study explored the role of @entity6 in acute rejection after LTx using @entity3 treatment. Here, LTx was performed in DA (RT1(n)) and Lewis (LEW) (RT1( @entity0 . The recipients were immunosuppressed with @entity3 (1.5mg/kg/day subcutaneously) or saline. Liver grafts were harvested 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10days after LTx for histology, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and real-time PCR. Splenic mononuclear cells were activated with different doses of @entity3 . The nuclear factor of activated T cells ( @entity5 ) signal pathway and CD4+ T subset-related transcription factors were assessed. The results showed that @entity3 treatment prolonged the survival of liver allografts in recipients, significantly attenuated @entity1 and improved liver function. @entity6 expression in grafts was down-regulated after @entity3 treatment. @entity3 inhibited the expression of @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity4 and RORyt in splenic mononuclear cells in vitro. In conclusions, our studies showed that @entity3 attenuated acute rejection responses after LTx. This attenuation might depend on the @entity3 - @entity5 - @entity6 signal pathway, which is crucial for the function of T helper subsets (Treg and Th17 cells) in acute rejection after LTx. These findings contribute to our understanding of the immune pharmacological mechanism of @entity3 to prevent rejection in LTx @entity0 .

title: Roles of the XXXX -dependent transcription factor @entity6 in acute rejection after liver transplantation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival for @entity1 with recurrent @entity0 has improved over time due to the introduction of modern systemic therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of subtype and the year of recurrence on the survival times of recurrent @entity0 . METHODS: Between 1979 and 2013, 813 @entity1 who underwent initial treatment for primary @entity0 experienced recurrence. They were divided into two groups based on the year of recurrence; before 2000 and after 2001. Survival after recurrence was compared between these groups based on following criteria; subtypes, @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and dominant recurrent site. The median follow-up period after recurrence was 4.3 years. RESULTS: Survival improved significantly in the after 2001 group, and a significant improvement in survival was only seen in the @entity4 -enriched subtype. Multivariate analysis revealed that @entity2 , ER, @entity4 status, dominant recurrent site and the Ki-67 index value were significant prognostic factors. In the @entity4 -enriched subtype, the year of recurrence, @entity2 and dominant recurrent site were significant independent factors. In the other subtypes, these factors were not correlated with survival. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that the survival rate of @entity1 with only the @entity4 -enriched subtype significantly improved after recurrence. To prolong the survival time after recurrence of both @entity3 and triple negative subtypes, the development of novel targeting therapies to overcome refractory recurrent @entity0 is extremely important.

title: Survival time according to the year of recurrence and subtype in recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the approach taken by the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic @entity1 Research Network investigators to advance the utility of urologic chronic @entity4 (UCPPS) animal models. METHODS: A multidisciplinary team of investigators representing basic science and clinical expertise defined key phenotypic criteria for rodent models of UCPPS. UCPPS symptoms were prioritized based on their clinical significance. Methods for quantifying animal correlates to @entity0 symptoms were developed. The methods were implemented across proposed rodent models for evaluation and comparison of animals for phenotypic characteristics relevant to @entity0 symptomatology. RESULTS: @entity4 and urinary frequency were deemed primary features of @entity0 UCPPS and were prioritized for assessment in animals. Nociception was quantified using visceromotor response to @entity2 and by applying von Frey filaments to the lower abdomen (referred tactile @entity3 ). Micturition activity was assessed as free voiding using micturition cages or blotting pad assays and in response to bladder filling by cystometry. Models varied in both depth of characterization and degree of recapitulating pelvic @entity1 and urinary frequency characteristics of UCPPS. CONCLUSION: Rodent models that reflect multiple key characteristics of @entity0 UCPPS may be identified and provide enhanced clinical significance to mechanistic studies. We have developed a strategy for evaluating current and future animal models of UCPPS based on @entity0 symptomatology. This approach provides a foundation for improved translation between mechanistic studies in animals and clinical research and serves as a validation strategy for assessing validity of models for symptom-driven disorders of unknown etiology.

title: Animal Models of Urologic Chronic Pelvic @entity1 Syndromes: Findings From the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic XXXX Research Network.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the approach taken by the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic @entity1 Research Network investigators to advance the utility of urologic chronic @entity4 (UCPPS) animal models. METHODS: A multidisciplinary team of investigators representing basic science and clinical expertise defined key phenotypic criteria for rodent models of UCPPS. UCPPS symptoms were prioritized based on their clinical significance. Methods for quantifying animal correlates to @entity0 symptoms were developed. The methods were implemented across proposed rodent models for evaluation and comparison of animals for phenotypic characteristics relevant to @entity0 symptomatology. RESULTS: @entity4 and urinary frequency were deemed primary features of @entity0 UCPPS and were prioritized for assessment in animals. Nociception was quantified using visceromotor response to @entity2 and by applying von Frey filaments to the lower abdomen (referred tactile @entity3 ). Micturition activity was assessed as free voiding using micturition cages or blotting pad assays and in response to bladder filling by cystometry. Models varied in both depth of characterization and degree of recapitulating pelvic @entity1 and urinary frequency characteristics of UCPPS. CONCLUSION: Rodent models that reflect multiple key characteristics of @entity0 UCPPS may be identified and provide enhanced clinical significance to mechanistic studies. We have developed a strategy for evaluating current and future animal models of UCPPS based on @entity0 symptomatology. This approach provides a foundation for improved translation between mechanistic studies in animals and clinical research and serves as a validation strategy for assessing validity of models for symptom-driven disorders of unknown etiology.

title: Animal Models of Urologic Chronic Pelvic XXXX Syndromes: Findings From the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic @entity1 Research Network.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 are a common chief complaint encountered in the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak resulting from such injuries is uncommon, but has potentially debilitating consequences if undiagnosed. CASE REPORT: A 34-year-old male @entity0 presented to the @entity3 with complaints of an @entity1 after a bicycle accident that occurred 5 days prior to presentation. He presented with a nonfocal neurologic examination. Computed tomography (CT) of the head was without significant pathology. CT angiography of the neck, performed due to a concern about traumatic arterial dissection, revealed @entity5 , but no evidence of dissection or occlusion of the arteries in the neck. Lying flat, he appeared comfortable but became quite symptomatic upon sitting upright or standing. Based on this finding, a CSF leak was suspected and he was admitted for symptom control and more detailed imaging to rule out such a leak. He was found, on magnetic resonance imaging, to have epidural CSF collections consistent with the suspected leak. In addition to immobilization for the cervical spine fracture, he was treated for @entity1 conservatively with good outcomes. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Although this syndrome is still considered rare compared to other @entity2 , there is a growing body of evidence suggesting it may be underdiagnosed. Additionally, the signs and symptoms of this syndrome are nonspecific, with the exclusion of the @entity1 , and may be readily attributed to other diagnoses.

title: Cervical Spine Fracture Presenting as an XXXX Secondary to Cerebral Spinal Fluid Leak.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In light of the increased risk of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) development under long-term treatment with the monoclonal antibody natalizumab which is approved for treatment of active @entity2 ( @entity2 ), there is a clear need for alternative treatment options with comparable efficacy and reduced @entity1 risk. One such option is fingolimod, a functional sphingosin-1-receptor antagonist that has been approved as first oral drug for treatment of active @entity2 . However, the optimal switching design in terms of prevention of disease reoccurrence is still unknown. Moreover, potential additive effects of both drugs on immune functions, especially with regard to migration, have not yet been evaluated. METHODS/DESIGN: This is an exploratory, open-label, monocentric, investigator-initiated clinical trial. Fifteen @entity2 @entity0 under stable treatment with natalizumab will receive one last natalizumab infusion followed by a wash-out period of 8  weeks before fingolimod treatment initiation for a period of 24  weeks. Disease activity under natalizumab and during switching will be closely monitored by assessment of relapse rate and disease severity as well as high-frequent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging including quantitative diffusion tensor imaging. Immunological assays include longitudinal assessment of adhesion molecule expression, functional evaluation of the migratory capacity of immune cells in an in-vitro model of the blood-brain-barrier, and the quality of cellular antiviral immune responses. DISCUSSION: Our trial represents the first detailed and longitudinal functional analysis of key immunological parameters in the process of switching from natalizumab and fingolimod, especially with regard to potential additive effects of both drugs on trafficking and immune surveillance. Moreover, our study will generate valuable information about even subtle disease exacerbations as consequence of natalizumab cessation, which will help to understand whether a switching protocol containing a wash-out period of 8  weeks before fingolimod treatment is appropriate in terms of disease stability.

title: Assessment of immune functions and MRI disease activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis XXXX switching from natalizumab to fingolimod (ToFingo-Successor).

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform a cost of illness study in lower urinary tract symptoms associated with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in Hungary. METHODS: A multicentre, cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2014. @entity1 @entity0 who had never undergone prostate surgery were recruited to the study. EQ-5D and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were used to evaluate health status and disease severity. All resource utilisations related to @entity1 in the past 12  months were recorded. Cost analysis was performed from societal perspective. RESULTS: Overall, 246 @entity0 were included with mean age of 70.6 (SD 8.1) years. Mean EQ-5D and IPSS were 0.85 (SD 0.19) and 12.8 (SD 6.3). Total annual per @entity0 cost of @entity1 amounted to < @entity2 >876 (SD < @entity2 >1829). Distribution of the costs between direct medical, direct non-medical and indirect cost was 46, 31 and 23  %. High costs were related to informal care (< @entity2 >243), medications (< @entity2 >178) and private physician visits (< @entity2 >132). @entity0 missed from work on average 14  h/year and 20  h/year due to absenteeism and presenteeism. Clinical severity expressed in IPSS score was found the strongest predictor of higher total costs (r  =  0.429, p  <  0.001). Mean costs of mild, moderate and severe @entity0 were < @entity2 >203, < @entity2 >754 and < @entity2 >2168, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study in the literature that assessed indirect costs related to presenteeism in @entity1 . We found that costs of reduced productivity while working exceed costs of absence from work. As the retirement age is gradually increasing, the importance of presenteeism is getting more significant, especially in pursuit of sustainable employment.

title: Cost of illness of medically treated XXXX in Hungary.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the associations between exposure to bioaerosols and work-related symptoms, lung function and biomarkers of airway @entity0 in compost workers. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Personal full-shift exposure measurements were performed on 47 workers employed at five windrow plants (n=20) and five reactor plants (n=27). Samples were analyzed for endotoxins, @entity1 . Health examinations were performed on workers and 37 controls before and after work on the day exposure was measured. The examinations included symptoms recorded by questionnaire, lung function by spirometry and nasal dimensions by acoustic rhinometry (AR). The pneumoproteins @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity2 were measured in a blood sample drawn at the end of the day. RESULTS: The levels of endotoxins (median 3 EU/m(3) , range 0-730 EU/m(3) ) and actinomycetes spores (median 0.2 * 10(6) spores/m(3) , range 0-590 * 10(6) spores/m(3) ) were significantly higher in reactor plants compared to windrow plants. However, windrow composting workers reported more symptoms than reactor composting workers, probably due to use of respiratory protection. Exposure-response relationships between actinomycetes spores exposure and respiratory effects, found as cough and nose irritation during a shift, was significantly increased (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.1-16, OR 6.1, 95% CI 1.5-25, respectively, p<0.05) among workers exposed to 0.02-0.3 * 10(6) actinomycetes spores/m 3 , and FEV1/FVC% decreased cross shift (b=-3.2, SE=1.5%, p<0.01). Effects were weaker in the highest exposed group, but these workers used respiratory protection, frequently limiting their actual exposure. No relationships were found between exposure and pneumoprotein concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The major agent in the aerosol generated at compost plants was actinomycetes spores which was associated with work related cough symptoms and work-shift lung function decrease.

title: Airway XXXX among compost workers exposed to actinomycetes spores.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effects evoked by 1 min occlusions of the common carotids were studied in 16 spontaneously breathing @entity6 anesthetized @entity3 . Unilateral occlusions induced @entity0 (to 111.5% of basal), but no changes in ventilation. @entity2 provoked larger @entity0 (to 137.5% of basal) and mild @entity4 , associated with @entity1 . Breath-by-breath minute volume augmented (to an averaged maximum of 144.7% of basal), the increase in tidal volume being more important than that of respiratory frequency. The maximal changes occurred shortly after occlusion and they were inversely but not linearly related to the minimal levels of intrasinusal pressure attained. Changes were subsequently attenuated during each occlusion, depending on the partial restoration of intrasinusal pressure. After barosensory denervation of the carotid sinuses, the cardiovascular responses to bilateral occlusions were reduced, but the respiratory ones were not affected. During 100% O2 breathing in @entity3 with intact innervation or carotid barodenervation, the respiratory responses to bilateral occlusions were much reduced and delayed, or even absent. That the above circulatory and respiratory effects of carotid occlusions were of reflex nature was demonstrated by their elimination after bilateral section of the carotid (sinus) nerves. Results indicate that while barosensory withdrawal during @entity2 is mostly responsible for reflex @entity0 and @entity5 , chemosensory excitation induced by this maneuver is the major cause of reflex hyperventilation.

title: Contribution of carotid body chemoreceptors and carotid sinus baroreceptors to the ventilatory and circulatory reflexes produced by common XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fifteen @entity0 with disabling @entity6 were treated with local intratympanic administration of @entity4 once daily. They had suffered from frequent attacks of vertigo and @entity2 , the hearing in the affected ears was decreased permanently, and spontaneous @entity1 was observed. The number of treatment days ranged between 3 and 11. Follow-up time was 1 to 6 years. For evaluation of the treatment, audiologic and vestibular examinations were used, including the broad frequency-band rotatory test (0.4-4.5 Hz). Fourteen @entity0 were free from vertigo after treatment. In 5 @entity0 , there was an increased @entity3 , and in 10 it remained unchanged. @entity5 were diminished. After treatment, all ears were unresponsive to caloric stimulation. The clinical examination and rotatory testing in light with sinusoidal stimulation revealed good central compensation of the vestibular loss. However, with pseudorandomized oscillations in darkness, the broad frequency-band rotatory test quantified the loss of peripheral vestibular function and was able to detect the side of the lesion in eight of nine @entity0 .

title: Vestibular and audiologic functions in XXXX -treated Meni  re's disease.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 treated for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) experience considerable physical, social and psychological morbidity. In this study, 66 @entity0 with stages I-III @entity1 were enrolled in this study. @entity0 completed the self-assessment tool for @entity0 (SATp) over a 5-month period and visited a general practitioner with a copy of their SATp to assist in the management of any problems associated with @entity1 treatment. General practitioners' notes were reviewed for management actions. Of the 66 @entity0 , 57 visited a general practitioner over the 5-month study period. A total of 547 problems were identified (median 7; IQR: 3-12.25). @entity0 with physical problems were more likely to consult their general practitioner (OR: 1.84, CI: 1.05-3.21, P  =  0.03) compared to those with @entity2 . The number of problems experienced by @entity0 did not have any influence on the decision to visit a general practitioner. Psychological problems (P  <  0.01) significantly reduced over the 5-month study period. Regular use of the SATp facilitates the identification of long-term @entity1 treatment-related problems. Some of these problems could then be addressed in primary care.

title: A trial of a self-assessment tool of problems following treatment of XXXX : a prospective study in Australia primary care.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 without @entity8 are rarely diagnosed in the pediatric age group. With current neurodiagnostic techniques, however, they are being seen more frequently. Unfortunately, the prognosis is not clear because publications have included a number of different entities, used a variety of surgical approaches, and lacked long term follow-up. Sixteen @entity0 younger than 20 years were treated for @entity7 (without @entity8 ) between 1975 and 1985. The average age was 11 years, and the average duration of symptoms was 20 months. The common symptoms were @entity9 @entity4 (56%), @entity3 (37.5%), and sensory loss (25%). Frequently seen signs were @entity1 (81%), sensory loss (50%), @entity6 (50%), and @entity2 (50%). The surgical procedures used were foramen magnum decompression (3 transoral clivus odontoid resections and 15 posterior fossa decompressions with dural grafting), alteration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways at the cervicomedullary junction (plugging the foramen cecum and a 4th ventricle to subarachnoid shunt with posterior fossa decompression), and ventriculoperitoneal shunting (2 cases). In follow-up, 37.5% of the @entity0 are asymptomatic, 50% are improved, and 12.5% are stable after an average follow-up period of 43 months. The asymptomatic group was younger (9.3 years) and had a shorter symptom duration (7.2 months) than both the improved (11.9 years, 16.4 months) and the stable groups (15 years, 20 months). Optimal outcome depends on complete evaluation of the abnormal CSF pathways and @entity5 at the craniovertebral junction. Operation is then directed toward correction of these abnormalities as delineated radiographically. Of our @entity0 , 87.5% have at least shown improvement, which has been long term in all cases.

title: Presentation and management of pediatric XXXX without @entity8 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 without @entity8 are rarely diagnosed in the pediatric age group. With current neurodiagnostic techniques, however, they are being seen more frequently. Unfortunately, the prognosis is not clear because publications have included a number of different entities, used a variety of surgical approaches, and lacked long term follow-up. Sixteen @entity0 younger than 20 years were treated for @entity7 (without @entity8 ) between 1975 and 1985. The average age was 11 years, and the average duration of symptoms was 20 months. The common symptoms were @entity9 @entity4 (56%), @entity3 (37.5%), and sensory loss (25%). Frequently seen signs were @entity1 (81%), sensory loss (50%), @entity6 (50%), and @entity2 (50%). The surgical procedures used were foramen magnum decompression (3 transoral clivus odontoid resections and 15 posterior fossa decompressions with dural grafting), alteration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways at the cervicomedullary junction (plugging the foramen cecum and a 4th ventricle to subarachnoid shunt with posterior fossa decompression), and ventriculoperitoneal shunting (2 cases). In follow-up, 37.5% of the @entity0 are asymptomatic, 50% are improved, and 12.5% are stable after an average follow-up period of 43 months. The asymptomatic group was younger (9.3 years) and had a shorter symptom duration (7.2 months) than both the improved (11.9 years, 16.4 months) and the stable groups (15 years, 20 months). Optimal outcome depends on complete evaluation of the abnormal CSF pathways and @entity5 at the craniovertebral junction. Operation is then directed toward correction of these abnormalities as delineated radiographically. Of our @entity0 , 87.5% have at least shown improvement, which has been long term in all cases.

title: Presentation and management of pediatric @entity7 without XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of our follicle isolation procedure in a model of ovarian tissue artificially contaminated with @entity1 cells, then to improve the procedure to effectively eliminate malignant cells from follicle suspensions without altering viability. DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. SETTING: Gynecology research unit in a university hospital. @entity0 (S): Ten @entity0 undergoing laparoscopy for benign gynecologic disease. INTERVENTION(S): Follicle isolation from ovarian tissue artificially contaminated with marked fluorescent @entity2 cells, either by the usual pickup technique without further treatment (group 1) or by washing three times after pickup (group 2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Evidence of @entity2 cells in follicle suspensions using fluorescence microscopy and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and analysis of follicle viability. RESULT(S): In group 1, 196 @entity2 cells were detected by fluorescence microscopy out of 499 follicles retrieved, while just one @entity2 cell was found among 772 follicles after three washes. The @entity3 fusion transcript was detected when at least 19 cells were present in follicle suspensions; four samples were positive in group 1, and all were negative in group 2. Follicle viability was similar in both groups (95.6% vs. 96.4%). CONCLUSION(S): @entity1 cells could inadvertently be picked up with isolated follicles in case of malignant contamination of ovarian tissue. A simple purging procedure consisting of three washes proved effective for eliminating @entity2 cells while maintaining good follicle viability.

title: Evaluation of a @entity0 ovarian follicle isolation technique to obtain disease-free follicle suspensions before safely grafting to XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of our follicle isolation procedure in a model of ovarian tissue artificially contaminated with @entity1 cells, then to improve the procedure to effectively eliminate malignant cells from follicle suspensions without altering viability. DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. SETTING: Gynecology research unit in a university hospital. @entity0 (S): Ten @entity0 undergoing laparoscopy for benign gynecologic disease. INTERVENTION(S): Follicle isolation from ovarian tissue artificially contaminated with marked fluorescent @entity2 cells, either by the usual pickup technique without further treatment (group 1) or by washing three times after pickup (group 2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Evidence of @entity2 cells in follicle suspensions using fluorescence microscopy and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and analysis of follicle viability. RESULT(S): In group 1, 196 @entity2 cells were detected by fluorescence microscopy out of 499 follicles retrieved, while just one @entity2 cell was found among 772 follicles after three washes. The @entity3 fusion transcript was detected when at least 19 cells were present in follicle suspensions; four samples were positive in group 1, and all were negative in group 2. Follicle viability was similar in both groups (95.6% vs. 96.4%). CONCLUSION(S): @entity1 cells could inadvertently be picked up with isolated follicles in case of malignant contamination of ovarian tissue. A simple purging procedure consisting of three washes proved effective for eliminating @entity2 cells while maintaining good follicle viability.

title: Evaluation of a XXXX ovarian follicle isolation technique to obtain disease-free follicle suspensions before safely grafting to @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of our follicle isolation procedure in a model of ovarian tissue artificially contaminated with @entity1 cells, then to improve the procedure to effectively eliminate malignant cells from follicle suspensions without altering viability. DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. SETTING: Gynecology research unit in a university hospital. @entity0 (S): Ten @entity0 undergoing laparoscopy for benign gynecologic disease. INTERVENTION(S): Follicle isolation from ovarian tissue artificially contaminated with marked fluorescent @entity2 cells, either by the usual pickup technique without further treatment (group 1) or by washing three times after pickup (group 2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Evidence of @entity2 cells in follicle suspensions using fluorescence microscopy and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and analysis of follicle viability. RESULT(S): In group 1, 196 @entity2 cells were detected by fluorescence microscopy out of 499 follicles retrieved, while just one @entity2 cell was found among 772 follicles after three washes. The @entity3 fusion transcript was detected when at least 19 cells were present in follicle suspensions; four samples were positive in group 1, and all were negative in group 2. Follicle viability was similar in both groups (95.6% vs. 96.4%). CONCLUSION(S): @entity1 cells could inadvertently be picked up with isolated follicles in case of malignant contamination of ovarian tissue. A simple purging procedure consisting of three washes proved effective for eliminating @entity2 cells while maintaining good follicle viability.

title: Evaluation of a @entity0 ovarian follicle isolation technique to obtain disease-free follicle suspensions before safely grafting to @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The neozona is the innermost layer of the complex blastocyst coverings of the @entity0 and is located between the mucoprotein layer and the trophoblast. As shown previously the neozona begins to replace the zona pellucida from the 4th day post coitum (d p.c.) on (Denker and Gerdes 1979). In the present study, @entity0 blastocyst coverings were checked for regional differences in their composition, comparing the embryonic and the abembryonic pole of the blastocyst, at 5 and 6 d p.c. These two stages were chosen because at 5 d p.c. a complete trophoblast layer is still present at both the @entity1 (Rauber's layer) and the extraembryonic regions (mural and abembryonic pole trophoblast), whereas at 6 d p.c. Rauber's layer has largely degenerated. Correlation of regional differences in blastocyst coverings structure with presence or absence of an intact trophoblast is taken as suggestive evidence for a role of the trophoblast in the formation or the structural modification of blastocyst coverings components. Blastocysts of both stages were fixed in @entity2 with and without @entity3 red and processed for TEM. The neozona was found to be almost equally well developed in all regions at 5 d p.c. On contrast, at 6 d p.c. (Rauber's layer defective) the neozona is consistently found to be much thinner at the @entity1 than in the extraembryonic regions where the trophoblast is still intact. This is the first report on regional differences of the structural composition of blastocyst covering within the same blastocyst.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The dynamic structure of XXXX blastocyst coverings. II. Ultrastructural evidence for a role of the trophoblast in neozona formation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Buckberg index (SEVR: subendocardial viability ratio) is considered a useful parameter for a non-invasive assessment of the relationship between subendocardial @entity1 supply and demand. However, his classic calculation does not include the pre-ejection isovolumic contraction time in @entity2 work evaluation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of the isovolumic contraction time obtained through the carotid pulse wave analysis, to be included in SEVR assessment. DESIGN AND METHOD: In 35 @entity0 (mean age  SD=66  13 yrs) followed-up for chronic left ventricular systolic failure (EF=32  8%) with no significant @entity3 , the pressure curve in the common carotid artery by tonometer (PulsePen) and the aortic transvalvular flow by EchocardioDoppler (Philips-EnVisor C- @entity4 ) were acquired simultaneously. The synchronization of data acquisition was verified by comparison of the RR intervals in the ECG signals recorded simultaneously to the two methods. The isovolumic contraction time was separately calculated by considering both the delay between the beginning of the aortic flow wave obtained by EchocardioDoppler and the R wave of the corresponding ECG, and the delay between the foot of the pressure wave recorded in the carotid artery by tonometry compared with the R wave of the corresponding ECG. The latter was corrected by considering the delay between ascending aorta and carotid pulses, computed as a function of the carotid-femoral pulse wave speed and of the distance between the point of carotid pulse acquisition and the sternal notch. RESULTS: The isovolumic contraction time computed by tonometry (68.8  20.2ms) was closely related to that measured with the EchocardioDoppler approach (68.8  20.5ms): y=0.93x+4.94; r=0.93; p<0.0001, with homogeneous distribution in Bland-Altman analysis (mean difference -0.1  7.57ms). The ratios between isovolumic contraction time and systolic ejection time separately obtained with the two methods (24.8  8.3% and 22.2  8.5%, respectively) were closely related: y=0.93x+1.67; r=0.90 (mean difference -0.1  2.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, carotid arterial tonometry allows an accurate and simple assessment of the isovolumic contraction time, which can be employed to improve the assessment of SEVR by also considering the isovolumic contraction time in the @entity2 work evaluation.

title: 2D.02: ACCURACY OF ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION TIME OBTAINED BY CAROTID ARTERIAL TONOMETRY IN XXXX WITH CHRONIC LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: High blood pressure variability has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. We aimed to assess if increased visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure increases the risk of @entity1 or @entity3 (fatal/non-fatal coronary or @entity4 events) in the VALUE population. DESIGN AND METHOD: The VALUE trial was a randomised-controlled, double-masked investigation of @entity5 versus @entity6 in @entity0 50 years or older with @entity2 and high risk of cardiovascular events. Mean follow-up time was 4.2 years. We calculated the standard deviation (SD) of mean systolic blood pressure from visits from 6 months onward, excluding @entity0 with less than 2 visits, or @entity1 or @entity3 during the first 6 months. In the pooled treatment arms, we grouped SD in quintiles and compared the risk of @entity1 or @entity3 in the highest and the lowest quintile, using a Cox regression model, adjusting for a number of prognostic variables, including randomised treatment and mean BP from 6 months onwards. RESULTS: Of 14.146 @entity0 included, 1278 (9.0%) experienced a @entity3 and 473 (3.3%) experienced a @entity1 . Compared to @entity0 with the lowest variability, those in the highest quintile had an increased risk of @entity1 or @entity3 (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.8, p=0.045 and HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6-2.3, p<0.0001, respectively, Figure). CONCLUSIONS: Visit-to-visit systolic BP variability predicts @entity1 and @entity3 in high risk @entity2 @entity0 receiving @entity5 or @entity6 , and independent of mean BP. Systolic blood pressure variability was a stronger predictor of @entity1 .(Figure is included in full-text article.).

title: 3D.01: VISIT-TO-VISIT BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY INCREASES RISK OF STROKE OR CARDIAC EVENTS IN @entity0 GIVEN XXXX OR @entity6 IN THE VALUE TRIAL.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: High blood pressure variability has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. We aimed to assess if increased visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure increases the risk of @entity1 or @entity3 (fatal/non-fatal coronary or @entity4 events) in the VALUE population. DESIGN AND METHOD: The VALUE trial was a randomised-controlled, double-masked investigation of @entity5 versus @entity6 in @entity0 50 years or older with @entity2 and high risk of cardiovascular events. Mean follow-up time was 4.2 years. We calculated the standard deviation (SD) of mean systolic blood pressure from visits from 6 months onward, excluding @entity0 with less than 2 visits, or @entity1 or @entity3 during the first 6 months. In the pooled treatment arms, we grouped SD in quintiles and compared the risk of @entity1 or @entity3 in the highest and the lowest quintile, using a Cox regression model, adjusting for a number of prognostic variables, including randomised treatment and mean BP from 6 months onwards. RESULTS: Of 14.146 @entity0 included, 1278 (9.0%) experienced a @entity3 and 473 (3.3%) experienced a @entity1 . Compared to @entity0 with the lowest variability, those in the highest quintile had an increased risk of @entity1 or @entity3 (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.8, p=0.045 and HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6-2.3, p<0.0001, respectively, Figure). CONCLUSIONS: Visit-to-visit systolic BP variability predicts @entity1 and @entity3 in high risk @entity2 @entity0 receiving @entity5 or @entity6 , and independent of mean BP. Systolic blood pressure variability was a stronger predictor of @entity1 .(Figure is included in full-text article.).

title: 3D.01: VISIT-TO-VISIT BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY INCREASES RISK OF STROKE OR CARDIAC EVENTS IN @entity0 GIVEN @entity5 OR XXXX IN THE VALUE TRIAL.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: High blood pressure variability has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. We aimed to assess if increased visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure increases the risk of @entity1 or @entity3 (fatal/non-fatal coronary or @entity4 events) in the VALUE population. DESIGN AND METHOD: The VALUE trial was a randomised-controlled, double-masked investigation of @entity5 versus @entity6 in @entity0 50 years or older with @entity2 and high risk of cardiovascular events. Mean follow-up time was 4.2 years. We calculated the standard deviation (SD) of mean systolic blood pressure from visits from 6 months onward, excluding @entity0 with less than 2 visits, or @entity1 or @entity3 during the first 6 months. In the pooled treatment arms, we grouped SD in quintiles and compared the risk of @entity1 or @entity3 in the highest and the lowest quintile, using a Cox regression model, adjusting for a number of prognostic variables, including randomised treatment and mean BP from 6 months onwards. RESULTS: Of 14.146 @entity0 included, 1278 (9.0%) experienced a @entity3 and 473 (3.3%) experienced a @entity1 . Compared to @entity0 with the lowest variability, those in the highest quintile had an increased risk of @entity1 or @entity3 (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.8, p=0.045 and HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6-2.3, p<0.0001, respectively, Figure). CONCLUSIONS: Visit-to-visit systolic BP variability predicts @entity1 and @entity3 in high risk @entity2 @entity0 receiving @entity5 or @entity6 , and independent of mean BP. Systolic blood pressure variability was a stronger predictor of @entity1 .(Figure is included in full-text article.).

title: 3D.01: VISIT-TO-VISIT BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY INCREASES RISK OF STROKE OR CARDIAC EVENTS IN XXXX GIVEN @entity5 OR @entity6 IN THE VALUE TRIAL.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lack of nightly blood pressure (BP) reduction is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to assess the association of @entity6 with arterial stiffness in young and middle-aged @entity5 @entity0 .(Figure is included in full-text article.) DESIGN AND METHOD:: Clinic and ambulatory BP measurements were performed 3  1 month after the @entity2 in 261 @entity0 (aged 15-60 years) included in the prospective Norwegian @entity2 in the Young Study. The percent reduction in nocturnal BP was calculated from mean BP and defined as dipping if>=10%. Arterial stiffness was derived from carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( @entity4 ) using applanation tonometry with a Sphygmocor device. RESULTS: @entity8 pattern was found in 38%. @entity8 @entity0 had higher @entity4 (8.2  2.2 vs. 7.5  1.7m/s) and lower renal function, and included more @entity0 with @entity3 (51 vs. 26%) or @entity1 (16 vs. 8%, all p<0.05). Furthermore, 26% of the non-dippers had high for age @entity4 , reflecting early arterial stiffening. Age, anthropometric variables and the level of serum lipids did not differ significantly between the groups. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, non-dipping BP pattern was associated with high for age @entity4 (OR 2.22 [95% CI 1.05-4.70], p<0.05) independent of higher @entity7 , known @entity3 , mean day BP or @entity1 (Table 1). In multivariate linear regression analysis, non-dipping pattern was also associated with higher @entity4 (Beta=0.18, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In the Norwegian @entity2 in the Young Study, blunted @entity6 was common and associated with premature arterial stiffness.

title: 3D.04: BLUNTED NIGHTLY BLOOD PRESSURE REDUCTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN ISCHEMIC STROKE XXXX : A NORWEGIAN STROKE IN THE YOUNG STUDY.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 is a major disability increasing due to population ageing. @entity3 is a major risk factor for the development of vascular @entity2 . However the contribution of @entity3 in the pathological cascade of vascular @entity2 remains elusive. Although few cardiovascular models have shown to be relevant for the study of vascular @entity2 , chronic @entity3 models with established @entity2 are lacking. In particular working and short-term memories have never been investigated. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the impact of prolonged @entity4 -induced @entity3 on working and short-term memories in adult @entity0 . DESIGN AND METHOD: 3-4 months old male C57BL/6 @entity0 were infused during 3 months with @entity4 at a dose of 2000ng/kg/min ( @entity5 , n=10) or saline (Control, n=10) via osmotic minipumps. Blood pressure was measured weekly by the tail-cuff method. Garcia neurological test was used to assess motor and behavioural functions to detect eventual @entity1 signs. Working memory was assessed in a Y-maze during an alternation task over 3 months. Finally, evaluation of short-term memory was performed during an object location task (1h intertrial). The resulting discrimination index d2 calculated is an indication of recognition of the novel location of the objects. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure increased and reached a plateau after 4 weeks (Figure, panel A). Neurological score was unchanged in both groups, suggesting absence of @entity1 . The percentage of alternations was significantly higher in both groups than the chance level of 50% (p<0.05) indicating a functional working memory in both groups. While the alternation rate did not differ between @entity5 and Control (pint 0.14, pAngII 0.93, ptime 0.51), the discrimination index d2 was different from zero (no discrimination) in Control (p<0.001) but not in @entity5 (p=0.48) and tended to differ between both groups (p=0.06) (Figure, panel B).(Figure is included in full-text article.) CONCLUSIONS:: In conclusion, we show for the first time that prolonged @entity4 -induced @entity3 impairs short-term memory in adult @entity0 . Immunohistochemical investigations of brain sections are being done to identify the structural damage involved in this @entity3 model of @entity2 .

title: 4C.02: PROLONGED XXXX -INDUCED HYPERTENSION IMPAIRS SHORT-TERM MEMORY IN ADULT @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 is a major disability increasing due to population ageing. @entity3 is a major risk factor for the development of vascular @entity2 . However the contribution of @entity3 in the pathological cascade of vascular @entity2 remains elusive. Although few cardiovascular models have shown to be relevant for the study of vascular @entity2 , chronic @entity3 models with established @entity2 are lacking. In particular working and short-term memories have never been investigated. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the impact of prolonged @entity4 -induced @entity3 on working and short-term memories in adult @entity0 . DESIGN AND METHOD: 3-4 months old male C57BL/6 @entity0 were infused during 3 months with @entity4 at a dose of 2000ng/kg/min ( @entity5 , n=10) or saline (Control, n=10) via osmotic minipumps. Blood pressure was measured weekly by the tail-cuff method. Garcia neurological test was used to assess motor and behavioural functions to detect eventual @entity1 signs. Working memory was assessed in a Y-maze during an alternation task over 3 months. Finally, evaluation of short-term memory was performed during an object location task (1h intertrial). The resulting discrimination index d2 calculated is an indication of recognition of the novel location of the objects. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure increased and reached a plateau after 4 weeks (Figure, panel A). Neurological score was unchanged in both groups, suggesting absence of @entity1 . The percentage of alternations was significantly higher in both groups than the chance level of 50% (p<0.05) indicating a functional working memory in both groups. While the alternation rate did not differ between @entity5 and Control (pint 0.14, pAngII 0.93, ptime 0.51), the discrimination index d2 was different from zero (no discrimination) in Control (p<0.001) but not in @entity5 (p=0.48) and tended to differ between both groups (p=0.06) (Figure, panel B).(Figure is included in full-text article.) CONCLUSIONS:: In conclusion, we show for the first time that prolonged @entity4 -induced @entity3 impairs short-term memory in adult @entity0 . Immunohistochemical investigations of brain sections are being done to identify the structural damage involved in this @entity3 model of @entity2 .

title: 4C.02: PROLONGED @entity4 -INDUCED HYPERTENSION IMPAIRS SHORT-TERM MEMORY IN ADULT XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Aim of our study was to obtain information on prevalence and awareness of @entity3 and other cardiovascular risk factors in individuals participating in the 2014 "World @entity3 Day" in Italy. DESIGN AND METHOD: During the 2014 "World @entity3 Day", health care providers from 50 @entity3 centers affiliated to the Italian Society of @entity3 , spread all over the country, anonymously interviewed individuals spontaneously participating in this campaign. Information on demography, cardiovascular risk factors prevalence, awareness of @entity3 and of its consequences was obtained. The average of two conventional blood pressure (BP) measurements, taken in seated position after a few min rest by a validated oscillometric device (Microlife BP A150), was recorded. RESULTS: Data were collected from 6356 individuals (53.2% females, 46.8% males) aged 57.8 years. (18-105 years).43.6% of subjects were aware of being @entity3 , 89.9% being treated. In this cohort active and former smokers were respectively 19.2% and 22%; 28.6% reported @entity6 and 8.3% @entity1 . Mean systolic BP>139mmHg was found in 34.8% and mean diastolic BP>89mmHg in 18.3% of the entire cohort and in 47.7% and 23.5% of aware @entity3 individuals, respectively. In 14.5% of participating subjects and in 19.6% of aware @entity3 both systolic/diastolic BP were found above 139/89mmHg respectively. On average, BP was higher in aware @entity3 individuals, in spite of being treated, than in the overall cohort (139.6/81.7  19.7/14.5 vs 133.1/79.7  20.3/15 mmHg, respectively, p<0.005). Awareness of @entity3 complications was imperfect, acute @entity5 , @entity2 and @entity4 being recognized as consequences of @entity3 by 85.1%, 61.6% and 28.6% of individuals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our data, obtained in Italy at the time of the 2014 World @entity3 Day show a yet high @entity3 prevalence, accompanied by an unsatisfactory awareness of its complications and by a frequent occurrence of other cardiovascular risk factors in @entity0 in this initiative. Even considering that these individuals may not be fully representative of the general Italian population, our results strongly indicate that more efforts are still needed to improve @entity3 control and to increase @entity0 ' awareness of the risks associated to this condition.

title: 5C.02: PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND OTHER CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN XXXX IN THE 2014 HYPERTENSION WORLD DAY CAMPAIGN IN ITALY.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the impact of @entity2 surgery on cognition, mood, and @entity3 in a cohort of @entity0 aged 75 years and older. SETTING: Secondary care ophthalmology unit in Northeast England. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. METHODS: @entity0 aged 75 years or older with bilateral @entity2 and scheduled for @entity2 surgery were recruited consecutively. @entity0 were assessed preoperatively and followed for 1 year postoperatively. Cognition was assessed using the revised Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-R), mood was measured with the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, @entity3 were elicited using the North East @entity3 Inventory, and visual acuity was assessed using a logMAR chart. RESULTS: One hundred twelve @entity0 were recruited at baseline; 91 (81%) completed 1 year of follow-up. Significant improvements in ACE-R scores were seen between baseline and 1 year postoperatively (95% confidence interval for improvement, 0.5-2.8; P = .005). Improved cognition did not correlate with improved visual acuity (r = -0.13, P = .22). No significant changes in mood were seen during the course of the study (P = .314, repeated-measures 1-way analysis of variance). Complete resolution of complex @entity3 occurred in 2 @entity0 after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Small improvements in @entity1 indicate that the benefits of @entity2 surgery might extend beyond visual improvement. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Effect of XXXX surgery on cognition, mood, and @entity3 in older adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the impact of @entity2 surgery on cognition, mood, and @entity3 in a cohort of @entity0 aged 75 years and older. SETTING: Secondary care ophthalmology unit in Northeast England. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. METHODS: @entity0 aged 75 years or older with bilateral @entity2 and scheduled for @entity2 surgery were recruited consecutively. @entity0 were assessed preoperatively and followed for 1 year postoperatively. Cognition was assessed using the revised Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-R), mood was measured with the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, @entity3 were elicited using the North East @entity3 Inventory, and visual acuity was assessed using a logMAR chart. RESULTS: One hundred twelve @entity0 were recruited at baseline; 91 (81%) completed 1 year of follow-up. Significant improvements in ACE-R scores were seen between baseline and 1 year postoperatively (95% confidence interval for improvement, 0.5-2.8; P = .005). Improved cognition did not correlate with improved visual acuity (r = -0.13, P = .22). No significant changes in mood were seen during the course of the study (P = .314, repeated-measures 1-way analysis of variance). Complete resolution of complex @entity3 occurred in 2 @entity0 after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Small improvements in @entity1 indicate that the benefits of @entity2 surgery might extend beyond visual improvement. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Effect of @entity2 surgery on cognition, mood, and XXXX in older adults.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an urgent need for gut lengthening secondary to massive resections of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we propose to evaluate the remodeling, vascularization, and functionality of a chitosan-based, tubular neuromuscular tissue on subcutaneous implantation in the back of athymic @entity2 . METHODS: Aligned innervated smooth muscle sheets were bioengineered with the use of @entity0 smooth muscle and neural progenitor cells. The innervated sheets were wrapped around tubular chitosan scaffolds. The engineered tubular neuromuscular tissue was implanted subcutaneously in the back of athymic @entity2 . The implant was harvested after 14  days and assessed for morphology, vascularization, and functionality. RESULTS: Gross examination of the implants showed healthy color with no signs of @entity1 . The implanted tissue became vascularized as demonstrated by gross and histologic analysis. Chitosan supported the luminal patency of the tissue. The innervated muscle remodeled around the tubular chitosan scaffold. Smooth muscle maintained its circumferential alignment and contractile phenotype. The functionality of the implant was characterized further by the use of real-time force generation. A cholinergic response was demonstrated by robust contraction in response to @entity3 . Vasoactive intestinal peptide-, and electrical field stimulation-caused relaxation. In the presence of neurotoxin tetrodotoxin, the magnitude of @entity3 -induced contraction and vasoactive intestinal peptide-induced relaxation was attenuated whereas electrical field stimulation-induced relaxation was completely abolished, indicating neuronal contribution to the response. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated the successful subcutaneous implantation of engineered tubular neuromuscular tissues. The tissues became vascularized and maintained their myogenic and neurogenic phenotype and function, which provides potential therapeutic prospects for providing implantable replacement GI segments for treating @entity4 .

title: Successful implantation of an engineered tubular neuromuscular tissue composed of XXXX cells and chitosan scaffold.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is one of the most lethal solid @entity1 . Mounting evidence demonstrates that @entity1 stem cells (CSCs) are able to cause @entity1 initiation, @entity0 and responsible for chemotherapy and radiotherapy failures. As CSCs are thought to be the main reason of therapeutic failure, these cells must be effectively targeted to elicit long-lasting therapeutic responses. We aimed to enrich and identify the @entity2 cell subpopulation with stem-like properties and help to develop new target therapy strategies for CSCs. Here, we found @entity2 cells KYSE70 and TE1 could form spheres in ultra low attachment surface culture and be serially passaged. Sphere-forming cells could redifferentiate and acquire morphology comparable to parental cells, when return to adherent culture. The sphere-forming cells possessed the key criteria that define CSCs: persistent self-renewal, overexpression of stemness genes ( @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity4 ), reduced expression of differentiation marker @entity7 , chemoresistance, strong invasion and enhanced tumorigenic potential. @entity8 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ) inhibitor, significantly inhibited migration and invasion of sphere-forming stem-like cells and had no effect on sphere-forming ability. In conclusion, @entity2 sphere-forming cells from KYSE70 and TE1 cultured in ultra low attachment surface @entity1 stem cell properties, providing a model for CSCs targeted therapy. @entity3 promotes the migration and invasion of sphere-forming stem-like cells, which may guide future studies on therapeutic strategies targeting these cells.

title: @entity3 promotes the migration and invasion of sphere-forming stem-like cell subpopulations in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is one of the most lethal solid @entity1 . Mounting evidence demonstrates that @entity1 stem cells (CSCs) are able to cause @entity1 initiation, @entity0 and responsible for chemotherapy and radiotherapy failures. As CSCs are thought to be the main reason of therapeutic failure, these cells must be effectively targeted to elicit long-lasting therapeutic responses. We aimed to enrich and identify the @entity2 cell subpopulation with stem-like properties and help to develop new target therapy strategies for CSCs. Here, we found @entity2 cells KYSE70 and TE1 could form spheres in ultra low attachment surface culture and be serially passaged. Sphere-forming cells could redifferentiate and acquire morphology comparable to parental cells, when return to adherent culture. The sphere-forming cells possessed the key criteria that define CSCs: persistent self-renewal, overexpression of stemness genes ( @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity4 ), reduced expression of differentiation marker @entity7 , chemoresistance, strong invasion and enhanced tumorigenic potential. @entity8 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ) inhibitor, significantly inhibited migration and invasion of sphere-forming stem-like cells and had no effect on sphere-forming ability. In conclusion, @entity2 sphere-forming cells from KYSE70 and TE1 cultured in ultra low attachment surface @entity1 stem cell properties, providing a model for CSCs targeted therapy. @entity3 promotes the migration and invasion of sphere-forming stem-like cells, which may guide future studies on therapeutic strategies targeting these cells.

title: XXXX promotes the migration and invasion of sphere-forming stem-like cell subpopulations in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 , according to the directions of National Organ and Tissue Transplant Coordination System, a system has been established since 2008 of urgency priority for kidney transplantation in cases with imminent lack of access for either @entity2 . In this study, we compared @entity0 and graft outcomes between @entity0 on the national waiting list having urgency priority for kidney transplantation (UKT) and those having the other kidney from the same deceased donor (control group). METHODS: We examined retrospective data of @entity0 , who underwent transplantation under urgency priority allocation in @entity1 from 2010 to 2014 and compared that group with other @entity0 receiving kidney transplants from the same deceased donors (control group). Then we compared these @entity0 for early and long-term @entity0 and graft outcomes. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity0 had UKT, and 40 @entity0 received transplants from the same deceased donors. Mean follow-up of @entity0 after transplantation was 18    12 months. Eight @entity0 with UKT and 4 @entity0 in the control group lost their grafts. At follow-up, 7 @entity0 died in the UKT group, and 4 @entity0 died in the control group. @entity0 survival in the UKT group was 90% at 1 year and 83% at 2 years, and in the control group was 93% at 1 year and 84% at 2 years (P  = .384). Graft survival was 87% at 1 year and 81% at 2 years in UKT, and 91% at both 1 and 2 years in the control group (P  = .260). CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity0 with UKT showed lower graft and @entity0 survivals than the control group, the difference was statistically nonsignificant. UKT can be an obligatory treatment model for @entity0 with lack of vascular or peritoneal access for dialysis.

title: Urgency Priority in Kidney Transplantation: Experience in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 are a major cause of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) exacerbations. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) reacts with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and participates in the immune response after @entity4 . In the present study, we examined whether cigarette smoke, which is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity3 , enhances mucin production via the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) pathway in airway epithelial cells. METHODS: We studied the effects of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) on signal transduction and the production of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in NCI-H292 cells and differentiated primary @entity0 bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with a synthetic dsRNA analogue, @entity9 [ @entity9 ], used as a @entity8 ligand. RESULTS: @entity5 significantly potentiated the production of @entity7 in epithelial cells stimulated with poly(I:C). Antibodies to @entity1 or @entity1 ligands inhibited @entity5 -augmented @entity7 release in poly(I:C)-treated cells. Treatment with poly(I:C) or @entity5 alone increased the phosphorylation of @entity1 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). However, after poly(I:C) stimulation, @entity5 did not enhance @entity1 phosphorylation, but did augment @entity6 phosphorylation. @entity1 inhibitors and an @entity6 inhibitor inhibited the augmented release of @entity7 . In addition, treatment with @entity2 , an antioxidant, inhibited the @entity5 -augmented phosphorylation of @entity6 and @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: These data show that cigarette smoke increases @entity8 -stimulated @entity7 production in airway epithelial cells, mainly via @entity6 signaling. The effect might be mediated in part by oxidative stress. Modulation of this pathway might be a therapeutic target for viral-induced mucin overproduction in @entity3 exacerbation.

title: Cigarette smoke augments @entity7 production via the @entity8 - XXXX pathway in airway epithelial cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 are a major cause of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) exacerbations. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) reacts with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and participates in the immune response after @entity4 . In the present study, we examined whether cigarette smoke, which is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity3 , enhances mucin production via the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) pathway in airway epithelial cells. METHODS: We studied the effects of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) on signal transduction and the production of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in NCI-H292 cells and differentiated primary @entity0 bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with a synthetic dsRNA analogue, @entity9 [ @entity9 ], used as a @entity8 ligand. RESULTS: @entity5 significantly potentiated the production of @entity7 in epithelial cells stimulated with poly(I:C). Antibodies to @entity1 or @entity1 ligands inhibited @entity5 -augmented @entity7 release in poly(I:C)-treated cells. Treatment with poly(I:C) or @entity5 alone increased the phosphorylation of @entity1 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). However, after poly(I:C) stimulation, @entity5 did not enhance @entity1 phosphorylation, but did augment @entity6 phosphorylation. @entity1 inhibitors and an @entity6 inhibitor inhibited the augmented release of @entity7 . In addition, treatment with @entity2 , an antioxidant, inhibited the @entity5 -augmented phosphorylation of @entity6 and @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: These data show that cigarette smoke increases @entity8 -stimulated @entity7 production in airway epithelial cells, mainly via @entity6 signaling. The effect might be mediated in part by oxidative stress. Modulation of this pathway might be a therapeutic target for viral-induced mucin overproduction in @entity3 exacerbation.

title: Cigarette smoke augments @entity7 production via the XXXX - @entity1 pathway in airway epithelial cells.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 are a major cause of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) exacerbations. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) reacts with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and participates in the immune response after @entity4 . In the present study, we examined whether cigarette smoke, which is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity3 , enhances mucin production via the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) pathway in airway epithelial cells. METHODS: We studied the effects of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) on signal transduction and the production of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in NCI-H292 cells and differentiated primary @entity0 bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with a synthetic dsRNA analogue, @entity9 [ @entity9 ], used as a @entity8 ligand. RESULTS: @entity5 significantly potentiated the production of @entity7 in epithelial cells stimulated with poly(I:C). Antibodies to @entity1 or @entity1 ligands inhibited @entity5 -augmented @entity7 release in poly(I:C)-treated cells. Treatment with poly(I:C) or @entity5 alone increased the phosphorylation of @entity1 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). However, after poly(I:C) stimulation, @entity5 did not enhance @entity1 phosphorylation, but did augment @entity6 phosphorylation. @entity1 inhibitors and an @entity6 inhibitor inhibited the augmented release of @entity7 . In addition, treatment with @entity2 , an antioxidant, inhibited the @entity5 -augmented phosphorylation of @entity6 and @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: These data show that cigarette smoke increases @entity8 -stimulated @entity7 production in airway epithelial cells, mainly via @entity6 signaling. The effect might be mediated in part by oxidative stress. Modulation of this pathway might be a therapeutic target for viral-induced mucin overproduction in @entity3 exacerbation.

title: Cigarette smoke augments XXXX production via the @entity8 - @entity1 pathway in airway epithelial cells.

answer: @entity7


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 retesting 3 months after treatment is recommended to detect reinfections, but retesting rates are typically low. The purpose of this study is to determine if the addition of a postal home collection kit to a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) reminder at 3 months increases the percentage of @entity0 retested for @entity2 at 1-4 months, compared to @entity1 alone. DESIGN: In this unblinded randomized controlled trial, @entity0 were randomized 1:1 to intervention (home arm) or control (clinic arm) status. SETTING/ @entity0 : @entity0 included 200 each of @entity0 , heterosexual @entity0 , and @entity0 who have sex with @entity0 diagnosed and treated for @entity2 at sexual health services. INTERVENTION: Three months after @entity2 diagnosis, home arm @entity0 received an @entity1 reminder and postal home collection kit ( @entity0 , vaginal swab; heterosexual @entity0 , Copan UriSwab; @entity0 who have sex with @entity0 , UriSwab and rectal swab). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were the percentage of @entity0 retested at 1-4 months after @entity2 diagnosis and the percentage in each arm with repeat positive tests, by risk group and overall, analyzed by intention to treat. Data were collected from 2011 to 2013 and analyzed in 2014. RESULTS: The percentage retested within 1-4 months of @entity2 diagnosis was significantly higher in home versus clinic arm @entity0 among @entity0 (64% [66/103] vs 39% [38/97], p<0.001); heterosexual @entity0 (56% [57/101] vs 34% [34/99], p=0.002); @entity0 who have sex with @entity0 (62% [61/98] vs 44% [45/102], p=0.010); and overall (61% [184/302] vs 39% [117/298], p<0.001). The percentage in the home versus clinic arm with repeat positive tests was significantly higher among @entity0 who have sex with @entity0 (16% [16/98] vs 5% [5/102], p=0.021) and overall (10% [31/302] vs 4% [12/298], p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of a postal home collection kit to routine @entity1 reminders resulted in substantial improvements in @entity2 retesting rates in all three risk groups and detection of more repeat positive tests, compared with @entity1 alone. Extending the intervention to other primary care settings with low retesting rates should be considered.

title: Dual Intervention to Increase XXXX Retesting: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Three Populations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the dosage, immunogenicity and safety profile of a novel @entity2 ) types 16 and 18 bivalent vaccine produced by @entity1 . METHODS: This randomized, double-blinded, controlled phase 2 trial enrolled @entity0 aged 18-25 years in China. Totally 1600 eligible @entity0 were randomized to receive 90 g, 60 g, or 30 g of the recombinant @entity3 /18 bivalent vaccine or the control hepatitis B vaccine on a 0, 1 and 6 month schedule. The designated doses are the combined micrograms of @entity3 and 18 VLPs with dose ratio of 2:1. The immunogenicity of the vaccines was assessed by measuring anti-HPV 16 and 18 neutralizing antibodies and total IgG antibodies. Safety of the vaccine was assessed. RESULTS: All but one of the seronegative @entity0 who received 3 doses of the HPV vaccines seroconverted at month 7 for anti-HPV 16/18 neutralizing antibodies and IgG antibodies. For @entity3 , the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of the neutralizing antibodies were similar between the 60 g (GMT=10,548) and 90 g (GMT=12,505) HPV vaccine groups and were significantly higher than those in the 30 g (GMT=7596) group. For HPV 18, the GMTs of the neutralizing antibodies were similar among the 3 groups. The HPV vaccine was well tolerated. No vaccine-associated serious adverse events were identified. CONCLUSION: The prokaryotic-expressed HPV vaccine is safe and immunogenic in @entity0 aged 18-25 years. The 60 g dosage formulation was selected for further investigation for efficacy. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01356823.

title: Immunogenicity and safety of an XXXX -produced bivalent @entity3 and 18) vaccine: A randomized controlled phase 2 clinical trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the dosage, immunogenicity and safety profile of a novel @entity2 ) types 16 and 18 bivalent vaccine produced by @entity1 . METHODS: This randomized, double-blinded, controlled phase 2 trial enrolled @entity0 aged 18-25 years in China. Totally 1600 eligible @entity0 were randomized to receive 90 g, 60 g, or 30 g of the recombinant @entity3 /18 bivalent vaccine or the control hepatitis B vaccine on a 0, 1 and 6 month schedule. The designated doses are the combined micrograms of @entity3 and 18 VLPs with dose ratio of 2:1. The immunogenicity of the vaccines was assessed by measuring anti-HPV 16 and 18 neutralizing antibodies and total IgG antibodies. Safety of the vaccine was assessed. RESULTS: All but one of the seronegative @entity0 who received 3 doses of the HPV vaccines seroconverted at month 7 for anti-HPV 16/18 neutralizing antibodies and IgG antibodies. For @entity3 , the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of the neutralizing antibodies were similar between the 60 g (GMT=10,548) and 90 g (GMT=12,505) HPV vaccine groups and were significantly higher than those in the 30 g (GMT=7596) group. For HPV 18, the GMTs of the neutralizing antibodies were similar among the 3 groups. The HPV vaccine was well tolerated. No vaccine-associated serious adverse events were identified. CONCLUSION: The prokaryotic-expressed HPV vaccine is safe and immunogenic in @entity0 aged 18-25 years. The 60 g dosage formulation was selected for further investigation for efficacy. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01356823.

title: Immunogenicity and safety of an @entity1 -produced bivalent XXXX and 18) vaccine: A randomized controlled phase 2 clinical trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Sixty-two @entity0 were treated by some combination of cryotherapy and surgery with an average follow-up of 3.3 years for one of the following diseases: focal or diffuse flat conjunctival primary acquired @entity4 (PAM) with atypia but without a nodule of @entity2 (10 cases); unifocal @entity2 with or without focal or diffuse PAM (30 cases); and multinodular/multicentric @entity2 with and without PAM (22 cases). Of the ten @entity0 who had PAM with atypia, invasive nodules of @entity2 did not develop. A second treatment was required to control the disease in four of the ten @entity0 with extensive or diffuse lesions, and one has mild persistent disease. Of the 30 @entity0 with unifocal nodules of @entity2 , 27 remained free of recurrence after one treatment, and 2 are asymptomatic after two treatments. One @entity0 with a thick nodule at presentation required a parotidectomy and radical neck dissection for cervical @entity1 after recurrence in the conjunctival sac. In the group of 22 @entity0 with multinodular @entity2 , only two did not have recurrent disease after one treatment. Of those who received multiple therapies, seven remained free of recurrence for at least 2 years after the last treatment; regional or distant @entity1 developed in nine; four required exenteration; and eight died. Conjunctival adjunctive cryotherapy avoids exenteration in extensive lesions of pure PAM and in unifocal @entity2 , but even after multiple therapies, multinodular @entity2 had a 45% rate of @entity1 . @entity1 was related to the presence of PAM sine pigmento in four @entity0 (microscopically but not clinically detectable PAM); to the location of the nodules (9 of 10 @entity0 who experienced @entity1 had forniceal, @entity3 ); to the thickness or depth of invasion of the nodules (greater than 2 mm); and to the development of intralymphatic spread ("in-transit" local @entity1 ) within the conjunctival sac in six @entity0 . No @entity1 were encountered among @entity0 with strictly limbal nodules and among five @entity0 with invasive nodules composed of spindle cells in part or in toto. Therapeutic success in this spectrum of melanocytic proliferations is closely correlated with the clinical extent of the disease when initiating definitive therapy.

title: Cryotherapy for conjunctival primary acquired XXXX and @entity2 . Experience with 62 cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Sixty-two @entity0 were treated by some combination of cryotherapy and surgery with an average follow-up of 3.3 years for one of the following diseases: focal or diffuse flat conjunctival primary acquired @entity4 (PAM) with atypia but without a nodule of @entity2 (10 cases); unifocal @entity2 with or without focal or diffuse PAM (30 cases); and multinodular/multicentric @entity2 with and without PAM (22 cases). Of the ten @entity0 who had PAM with atypia, invasive nodules of @entity2 did not develop. A second treatment was required to control the disease in four of the ten @entity0 with extensive or diffuse lesions, and one has mild persistent disease. Of the 30 @entity0 with unifocal nodules of @entity2 , 27 remained free of recurrence after one treatment, and 2 are asymptomatic after two treatments. One @entity0 with a thick nodule at presentation required a parotidectomy and radical neck dissection for cervical @entity1 after recurrence in the conjunctival sac. In the group of 22 @entity0 with multinodular @entity2 , only two did not have recurrent disease after one treatment. Of those who received multiple therapies, seven remained free of recurrence for at least 2 years after the last treatment; regional or distant @entity1 developed in nine; four required exenteration; and eight died. Conjunctival adjunctive cryotherapy avoids exenteration in extensive lesions of pure PAM and in unifocal @entity2 , but even after multiple therapies, multinodular @entity2 had a 45% rate of @entity1 . @entity1 was related to the presence of PAM sine pigmento in four @entity0 (microscopically but not clinically detectable PAM); to the location of the nodules (9 of 10 @entity0 who experienced @entity1 had forniceal, @entity3 ); to the thickness or depth of invasion of the nodules (greater than 2 mm); and to the development of intralymphatic spread ("in-transit" local @entity1 ) within the conjunctival sac in six @entity0 . No @entity1 were encountered among @entity0 with strictly limbal nodules and among five @entity0 with invasive nodules composed of spindle cells in part or in toto. Therapeutic success in this spectrum of melanocytic proliferations is closely correlated with the clinical extent of the disease when initiating definitive therapy.

title: Cryotherapy for conjunctival primary acquired @entity4 and XXXX . Experience with 62 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dissection of an artery is characterised by the separation of the layers of the arterial wall causing blood to flow within the wall. The incidence rates of @entity3 (AoD) are increasing, despite falls in virtually all other manifestations of @entity1 , including @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Dissections involving the ascending aorta (Type A) are a medical emergency and require urgent surgical repair. However, dissections of the descending aorta (Type B) are less lethal and require different clinical management whereby the @entity0 may not be offered surgery unless complicating factors are present. But how do we tell if a @entity0 will develop a complication later on? Currently, there is no consensus and the evidence base is limited. There is an opportunity for computational biomechanics to help clinicians decide as to which cases to repair and which to manage with blood pressure control. In this review article, we look at AoD from both the clinical and biomechanical perspective and discuss some of the recent computational studies of both Type A and B AoD. We then focus more on Type B where the real opportunity for @entity0 -specific modelling exists. Finally, we look ahead at some of the promising areas of research that may help clinicians improve the decision-making process surrounding Type B AoD.

title: Computational Biomechanics in XXXX : Today's Approaches and Tomorrow's Opportunities.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The misuse and abuse of the psychostimulant, @entity2 ( @entity3 ) the drug of choice in the treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has seen a sharp uprising in recent years among both youth and adults for its cognitive enhancing effects and for recreational purposes. This uprise in illicit use has lead to many questions concerning the long-term consequences of @entity3 exposure. The objective of this study was to record animal behavior concomitantly with the caudate nucleus (CN) neuronal activity following acute and repetitive (chronic) dose response exposure to @entity2 ( @entity3 ). A saline control and three @entity3 dose (0.6, 2.5, and 10.0mg/kg) groups were used. Behaviorally, the same @entity3 dose in some animals following chronic @entity3 exposure elicited behavioral sensitization and other animals elicited behavioral tolerance. Based on this finding, the CN neuronal population recorded from animals expressing behavioral sensitization was also evaluated separately from CN neurons recorded from animals expressing behavioral tolerance to chronic @entity3 exposure, respectively. Significant differences in CN neuronal population responses between the behaviorally sensitized and the behaviorally tolerant animals were observed for the 2.5 and 10.0mg/kg @entity3 exposed groups. For 2.5mg/kg @entity3 , behaviorally sensitized animals responded by decreasing their firing rates while behaviorally tolerant animals showed mainly an increase in their firing rates. The CN neuronal responses recorded from the behaviorally sensitized animals following 10.0mg/kg @entity3 responded by increasing their firing rates whereas the CN neuronal recordings from the behaviorally tolerant animals showed that approximately half decreased their firing rates in response to 10.0mg/kg @entity3 exposure. The comparison of percentage change in neuronal firing rates showed that the behaviorally tolerant animals trended to exhibit increases in their neuronal firing rates at ED1 following initial @entity3 exposure and oppositely at ED10 @entity3 rechallenge. While the behaviorally sensitized animals in general increased in their percentage change of firing @entity0 were observed following acute 10.0mg/kg @entity3 and the behaviorally sensitized 10.0mg/kg @entity3 animals and a robust increase in neuronal firing rates at ED1 and ED10 rechallenge. These results suggest the need to first individually analyze animal behavioral activity, and then to evaluate the neuronal responses to the drug based on the animals behavioral response to chronic @entity3 exposure.

title: Caudate neuronal recording in freely behaving animals following acute and chronic dose response XXXX exposure.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The present study has been conducted to evaluate the eventual role of the platelet activating factor (PAF) in post-ischemic recovery of renal function, using @entity5 , a PAF receptor antagonist, in the anesthetized @entity1 . In Groups 1 and 2, animals were maintained hydropenic (fractional excretion of @entity4 less than 1%), while in Groups 3 and 4, studies were performed under extracellular expansion (0.9% @entity3 , 5% of body weight), a procedure known to protect the kidney from @entity2 . Groups 1 and 3 (control animals) were untreated, whereas Groups 2 and 4 received an intravenous bolus of @entity5 (3mg/kg), immediately before clearance studies. After three 20-minute control periods, the @entity0 was occluded during 30 minutes. Four consecutive 20-minute clearance periods were taken after the release of occlusion. In Groups 1 and 2, urine flow (UV) increased from 3.1 +/- 0.9 to 20.9 +/- 3.6 ml/min, and from 6.8 +/- 0.3 to 40.4 +/- 4.5 ml/min, respectively, from control to the last period of recovery. Glomerular filtration (GFR) recovered to 38% of control values, from 0.58 +/- 0.09 to 0.22 +/- 0.10 ml/min in Group 1, as opposed to Group 2, where GFR recovered to 69%, from 0.61 +/- 0.07 to 0.42 +/- 0.06 ml/min. Urinary @entity4 (UNaV) increased from 0.3 +/- 0.1 to 3.0 +/- 0.9 microEq/min, and from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 6.0 +/- 0.7 microEq/min, in Groups 1 and 3. UV rose from 14.3 +/- 2.5 to 35.3 +/- 3.5 microliters/min, and from 14.2 +/- 2.1 to 68.6 +/- 9.3 microliters/min, in Groups 3 and 4, during the same periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Platelet activating factor antagonism with XXXX protects the kidney against @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The present study has been conducted to evaluate the eventual role of the platelet activating factor (PAF) in post-ischemic recovery of renal function, using @entity5 , a PAF receptor antagonist, in the anesthetized @entity1 . In Groups 1 and 2, animals were maintained hydropenic (fractional excretion of @entity4 less than 1%), while in Groups 3 and 4, studies were performed under extracellular expansion (0.9% @entity3 , 5% of body weight), a procedure known to protect the kidney from @entity2 . Groups 1 and 3 (control animals) were untreated, whereas Groups 2 and 4 received an intravenous bolus of @entity5 (3mg/kg), immediately before clearance studies. After three 20-minute control periods, the @entity0 was occluded during 30 minutes. Four consecutive 20-minute clearance periods were taken after the release of occlusion. In Groups 1 and 2, urine flow (UV) increased from 3.1 +/- 0.9 to 20.9 +/- 3.6 ml/min, and from 6.8 +/- 0.3 to 40.4 +/- 4.5 ml/min, respectively, from control to the last period of recovery. Glomerular filtration (GFR) recovered to 38% of control values, from 0.58 +/- 0.09 to 0.22 +/- 0.10 ml/min in Group 1, as opposed to Group 2, where GFR recovered to 69%, from 0.61 +/- 0.07 to 0.42 +/- 0.06 ml/min. Urinary @entity4 (UNaV) increased from 0.3 +/- 0.1 to 3.0 +/- 0.9 microEq/min, and from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 6.0 +/- 0.7 microEq/min, in Groups 1 and 3. UV rose from 14.3 +/- 2.5 to 35.3 +/- 3.5 microliters/min, and from 14.2 +/- 2.1 to 68.6 +/- 9.3 microliters/min, in Groups 3 and 4, during the same periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Platelet activating factor antagonism with @entity5 protects the kidney against XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: From 1979 through 1986, 90 @entity0 required intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) due to @entity7 complicating open heart surgery. Preoperatively, functional class III or IV was present in 92%; in @entity0 with @entity4 (n = 54), three-vessel or left main disease was found in 72%; @entity0 with @entity3 (n = 37) generally had multiple surgical procedures or valve re-replacement performed. Intra-IABP mortality was 49% (n = 44) and 30-day mortality 61% (n = 55). The latter figure decreased from 75% in 1979-81 to 53% in 1985-86. Cumulative 5-year survival was 22%. Logistic regression analysis identified as independent predictors of 30 day mortality the necessity for adjuvant treatment with the more powerful "pressure drugs" @entity10 / @entity9 , number of @entity11 , functional classes III-IV, and chronic @entity8 . Different combinations of these risk factors identified different @entity0 groups with 30-day mortalities ranging from 100% to 0%. The risk factors reflected both @entity6 probably due to severe @entity1 and @entity5 due to advanced @entity2 . Taking the high-risk composition of the material into account, a 5-year survival of 22% cannot be regarded as discouraging. Continued employment of IABP treatment in open heart surgery, using an aggressive approach coupled with individualized inotropic support, seems justified.

title: Intraaortic balloon pumping in the treatment of XXXX following open heart surgery--immediate results and long-term prognosis.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity3 and TPA were studied in sera and in histologic specimens of 200 @entity1 with benign (77) or malignant (123) breast pathology. The frequency and expression of the two markers was different in benign and in @entity2 tissues. Histologic positivity and high levels of circulating markers were observed more frequently in @entity2 @entity1 than in @entity1 with benign disease. Tissue positivity for the two @entity2 markers did not always correlate with elevated levels of circulating markers. Positive @entity3 and TPA incidence was higher in tissue samples than in serum samples. In the @entity0 group, among 33 @entity1 with histologic positivity for @entity3 , only 5 cases had circulating @entity3 levels higher than 5 ng/ml; among 91 @entity1 with histologic positivity for TPA, only 45 cases showed circulating levels for TPA higher than 95 U/l. These findings confirm that @entity2 size, secretory characteristics and vascular supply are factors affecting the achievement of high circulating marker levels. Combined marker measurement in serum and tissues can provide more information about the presence of a given @entity2 marker. A limited evaluation of the prognostic meaning of the study of combined @entity3 and @entity4 in sera and in tissues was carried out during the follow-up of 60 evaluable @entity1 . Only 5 @entity1 had @entity2 relapses in the first 12 months from surgery; in 2 of 5 @entity1 TPA was positive initially and at the time of recurrence, in serum as well as in tissues. Circulating @entity3 gave negative findings in all relapsed @entity1 ; 2 of them showed weak positivity only in the histologic staining at the time of presentation.

title: Plasma and tissue XXXX and TPA markers in operable @entity0 . Preliminary results.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 and TPA were studied in sera and in histologic specimens of 200 @entity1 with benign (77) or malignant (123) breast pathology. The frequency and expression of the two markers was different in benign and in @entity2 tissues. Histologic positivity and high levels of circulating markers were observed more frequently in @entity2 @entity1 than in @entity1 with benign disease. Tissue positivity for the two @entity2 markers did not always correlate with elevated levels of circulating markers. Positive @entity3 and TPA incidence was higher in tissue samples than in serum samples. In the @entity0 group, among 33 @entity1 with histologic positivity for @entity3 , only 5 cases had circulating @entity3 levels higher than 5 ng/ml; among 91 @entity1 with histologic positivity for TPA, only 45 cases showed circulating levels for TPA higher than 95 U/l. These findings confirm that @entity2 size, secretory characteristics and vascular supply are factors affecting the achievement of high circulating marker levels. Combined marker measurement in serum and tissues can provide more information about the presence of a given @entity2 marker. A limited evaluation of the prognostic meaning of the study of combined @entity3 and @entity4 in sera and in tissues was carried out during the follow-up of 60 evaluable @entity1 . Only 5 @entity1 had @entity2 relapses in the first 12 months from surgery; in 2 of 5 @entity1 TPA was positive initially and at the time of recurrence, in serum as well as in tissues. Circulating @entity3 gave negative findings in all relapsed @entity1 ; 2 of them showed weak positivity only in the histologic staining at the time of presentation.

title: Plasma and tissue @entity3 and TPA markers in operable XXXX . Preliminary results.

answer: @entity0