abstract: BACKGROUND: IncobotulinumtoxinA ( @entity13 (  )) is a purified botulinum neurotoxin type A formulation, free from complexing proteins, with proven efficacy and good tolerability for the treatment of neurological conditions such as @entity14 , @entity12 ( @entity12 ), and post- @entity2 @entity6 of the upper limb. This article provides a comprehensive overview of incobotulinumtoxinA based on randomized controlled trials and prospective clinical studies. SUMMARY: IncobotulinumtoxinA provides clinical efficacy in treating @entity14 , @entity12 , and upper-limb post- @entity2 @entity6 based on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with open-label extension periods (total study duration up to 89 weeks). Adverse events were generally mild or moderate. The most frequent adverse events, probably related to the injections, included @entity9 and @entity7 in the treatment of @entity14 , @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity12 , and injection site @entity3 and @entity5 when used for treating @entity6 . In @entity14 and @entity12 , incobotulinumtoxinA was investigated in clinical trials permitting flexible intertreatment intervals based on the individual @entity0 's clinical need; the safety profile of intervals shorter than 12 weeks was comparable to intervals of 12 weeks and longer. There were no cases of newly formed neutralizing antibodies during the Phase III and IV incobotulinumtoxinA trials. Phase III head-to-head trials of incobotulinumtoxinA versus onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of @entity14 and @entity12 have demonstrated therapeutic equivalence of both formulations. Additional Phase III trials of incobotulinumtoxinA in conditions such as lower-limb @entity6 , @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity4 , and @entity11 in various @entity1 are ongoing. CONCLUSION: IncobotulinumtoxinA is an effective, well-tolerated botulinum neurotoxin type A formulation. Data from randomized clinical trials and further observational studies are expected to help physicians to optimize treatment by tailoring the choice of formulation, dose, and treatment intervals to the @entity0 's clinical needs.

title: Clinical and pharmacological properties of @entity13 and its use in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: IncobotulinumtoxinA ( @entity13 (  )) is a purified botulinum neurotoxin type A formulation, free from complexing proteins, with proven efficacy and good tolerability for the treatment of neurological conditions such as @entity14 , @entity12 ( @entity12 ), and post- @entity2 @entity6 of the upper limb. This article provides a comprehensive overview of incobotulinumtoxinA based on randomized controlled trials and prospective clinical studies. SUMMARY: IncobotulinumtoxinA provides clinical efficacy in treating @entity14 , @entity12 , and upper-limb post- @entity2 @entity6 based on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with open-label extension periods (total study duration up to 89 weeks). Adverse events were generally mild or moderate. The most frequent adverse events, probably related to the injections, included @entity9 and @entity7 in the treatment of @entity14 , @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity12 , and injection site @entity3 and @entity5 when used for treating @entity6 . In @entity14 and @entity12 , incobotulinumtoxinA was investigated in clinical trials permitting flexible intertreatment intervals based on the individual @entity0 's clinical need; the safety profile of intervals shorter than 12 weeks was comparable to intervals of 12 weeks and longer. There were no cases of newly formed neutralizing antibodies during the Phase III and IV incobotulinumtoxinA trials. Phase III head-to-head trials of incobotulinumtoxinA versus onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of @entity14 and @entity12 have demonstrated therapeutic equivalence of both formulations. Additional Phase III trials of incobotulinumtoxinA in conditions such as lower-limb @entity6 , @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity4 , and @entity11 in various @entity1 are ongoing. CONCLUSION: IncobotulinumtoxinA is an effective, well-tolerated botulinum neurotoxin type A formulation. Data from randomized clinical trials and further observational studies are expected to help physicians to optimize treatment by tailoring the choice of formulation, dose, and treatment intervals to the @entity0 's clinical needs.

title: Clinical and pharmacological properties of XXXX and its use in @entity1 .

answer: @entity13


abstract: An erosive @entity2 of the parapharyngeal space is described. Our @entity0 at three months of age presented with an eight-week history of torticollis. Diagnosis was strongly suggested by CT scan which clearly demonstrated bony, fluid and intermediate densities suggestive of a @entity2 . The @entity1 had eroded the petrous bone with inferior extension to the level of the hyoid cartilage. An angiogram revealed compromise of the internal carotid artery at the skull base. Surgical resection at five months removed the @entity1 from the right parapharyngeal space and included a portion of the petrous bone involving the contents of the middle ear and extending to the base of skull. All vital structures including the @entity3 and vagus nerve preserved. An intraoperative CSF leak was controlled with a muscle plug. To our knowledge, such an extensive @entity2 eroding the petrous bone and base of skull, presenting as a neck mass, is the first reported case in the literature. The value of a CT scan as an @entity4 in diagnosis of this @entity1 is stressed.

title: Erosive parapharyngeal space XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We reviewed our frozen section experience with 310 pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens during the last 5 years. A total of 40 @entity0 (12.9 per cent) had positive lymph nodes on permanent section. In 6 of these @entity0 the lymph nodes were involved grossly and in 34 there were only microscopic @entity1 . Intraoperative assessment of lymph node involvement classified correctly 299 @entity0 (96.5 per cent of the total number). Whereas previous studies have demonstrated a failure on frozen section to detect all but a few microscopic @entity1 , we were able by frozen section to identify @entity1 in 23 of 34 @entity0 (67.6 per cent) with grossly uninvolved lymph nodes. Of the positive frozen sections 16 were in @entity0 with unilateral @entity1 only, and in 13 of these cases frozen section identified the only positive node present. The average diameter of the @entity1 found on frozen section was 2.4 mm. In 11 of the 34 @entity0 frozen section did not disclose any of the @entity1 present on permanent sections (average 1.4 mm.) (false negative rate 3.5 per cent of all @entity0 , 27.5 per cent of those with positive nodes and 32.3 per cent of those with microscopic involvement of lymph nodes only). Ten @entity0 had unilateral @entity1 and 1 had bilateral involvement. The ability to identify the majority of microscopic @entity1 , given their adverse effect on prognosis, supports the usefulness of routine frozen section on grossly uninvolved pelvic lymph nodes as a staging procedure before radical prostatectomy.

title: Frozen section detection of lymph node XXXX in prostatic carcinoma: accuracy in grossly uninvolved pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens.

answer: @entity1


abstract: During a 5-year period, 212 @entity0 (170 @entity0 and 42 @entity0 , median age 65 and 64 years, respectively) were diagnosed as having internal carotid @entity7 . Mean follow-up was 24.9 months. Five-year cumulative survival and @entity3 -free rates by life-table analysis were 62% and 75%, respectively. @entity6 were due to @entity3 in 7 of 40 @entity0 (17%) and were of cardiac origin in 22 of 40 @entity0 (55%). The @entity3 were ipsilateral in 20 of 31 @entity0 (65%). No statistically significant difference between the sexes could be demonstrated for either @entity6 or @entity3 , nor was age correlated with @entity3 during follow-up. @entity1 and @entity4 increased the risk of @entity3 , whereas gender and @entity5 consumption had no discernible effect. Endarterectomy of the opposite carotid artery did not significantly affect the natural history but did reduce the @entity3 rate in the territory of the operated artery. Presenting symptoms were useful for estimating prognosis. Twenty-two of 111 @entity0 referred for @entity3 (20%) suffered a further @entity3 and 21 of 111 @entity0 (19%) died (three were @entity3 -related), whereas of those @entity0 referred for @entity2 ( @entity2 ), only 2 of 42 @entity0 (5%) suffered a @entity3 and none died. TIAs occurred in 23 @entity0 (11%) during follow-up, and these were premonitory for @entity3 in three cases (13%). The limited value of @entity2 in predicting @entity3 and the high mortality rate unrelated to @entity3 in this group are important considerations when therapy is considered for these @entity0 .

title: Carotid XXXX : natural history.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to @entity9 ( @entity9 ), an @entity8 pesticide, is known to result in @entity5 as well as other metabolic perturbations. However, the molecular causes of @entity9 @entity1 are poorly understood, especially in cells other than neurons and muscle cells. To obtain a better understanding of the process of non-neuronal @entity9 @entity1 , we exposed @entity6 to different concentrations of @entity9 , and investigated the resulting changes in liver histology and gene transcription. RESULTS: Functional enrichment analysis of genes affected by @entity9 exposure identified a number of processes involved in energy utilization and stress response in the liver. The abundance of transcripts for proteins involved in @entity2 metabolism was profoundly affected, suggesting that @entity3 flux might be diverted toward the @entity10 pathway to compensate for an elevated demand for energy and reducing equivalents for detoxification. Strikingly, many transcripts for molecules involved in b-oxidation and @entity4 synthesis were down-regulated. We found increases in message levels for molecules involved in reactive @entity0 species responses as well as ubiquitination, proteasomal degradation, and autophagy. To ensure that the effects of @entity9 on energy metabolism were not simply a consequence of poor feeding because of @entity7 , we fasted fish for 29 or 50  h and analyzed liver gene expression in them. The patterns of gene expression for energy metabolism in fasted and @entity9 -exposed fish were markedly different. CONCLUSION: We observed coordinated changes in the expression of a large number of genes involved in energy metabolism and responses to oxidative stress. These results argue that an appreciable part of the effect of @entity9 is on energy metabolism and is regulated at the message level. Although we observed some evidence of @entity7 in exposed fish that may have resulted in reduced feeding, the alterations in gene expression in exposed fish cannot readily be explained by nutrient deprivation.

title: Dichlorvos exposure results in large scale disruption of energy metabolism in the liver of the XXXX , @entity6 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to @entity9 ( @entity9 ), an @entity8 pesticide, is known to result in @entity5 as well as other metabolic perturbations. However, the molecular causes of @entity9 @entity1 are poorly understood, especially in cells other than neurons and muscle cells. To obtain a better understanding of the process of non-neuronal @entity9 @entity1 , we exposed @entity6 to different concentrations of @entity9 , and investigated the resulting changes in liver histology and gene transcription. RESULTS: Functional enrichment analysis of genes affected by @entity9 exposure identified a number of processes involved in energy utilization and stress response in the liver. The abundance of transcripts for proteins involved in @entity2 metabolism was profoundly affected, suggesting that @entity3 flux might be diverted toward the @entity10 pathway to compensate for an elevated demand for energy and reducing equivalents for detoxification. Strikingly, many transcripts for molecules involved in b-oxidation and @entity4 synthesis were down-regulated. We found increases in message levels for molecules involved in reactive @entity0 species responses as well as ubiquitination, proteasomal degradation, and autophagy. To ensure that the effects of @entity9 on energy metabolism were not simply a consequence of poor feeding because of @entity7 , we fasted fish for 29 or 50  h and analyzed liver gene expression in them. The patterns of gene expression for energy metabolism in fasted and @entity9 -exposed fish were markedly different. CONCLUSION: We observed coordinated changes in the expression of a large number of genes involved in energy metabolism and responses to oxidative stress. These results argue that an appreciable part of the effect of @entity9 is on energy metabolism and is regulated at the message level. Although we observed some evidence of @entity7 in exposed fish that may have resulted in reduced feeding, the alterations in gene expression in exposed fish cannot readily be explained by nutrient deprivation.

title: Dichlorvos exposure results in large scale disruption of energy metabolism in the liver of the @entity6 , XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aortic pulse wave velocity ( @entity3 ) is a noninvasive vascular parameter that is related to cardiovascular risk. We studied the relationship between aortic @entity3 and @entity4 assessed with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The @entity0 referred for TEE before electrical cardioversion of @entity5 were included in the study. Maximal @entity2 ( @entity2 ) including maximal @entity4 plaque thickness of the descending thoracic aorta was measured on TEE images. @entity3 was measured in those @entity0 who had the sinus rhythm restored. Univariable linear regression was used to test associations between the parameters studied. Variables identified by linear regression, as significantly related to @entity3 , were further analyzed by multivariable linear regression models. We studied 99 @entity0 (57 @entity0 , 42 @entity0 , mean age 70.4  11.5 years). With univariable regression, we found that @entity3 was significantly related to @entity2 (P<0.0001), age (P<0.0001) and pulse pressure (PP, P=0.005). There was no significant relationship between @entity3 and systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures, as well as heart rate. The multivariable regression analysis, with all the variables significant in the univariable analysis in the model, showed that only @entity2 remained significantly related to @entity3 (P<0.0001, b=0.31), whereas age (P=0.18) and PP (P=0.16) were not. In conclusion, @entity3 is related to @entity4 assessed with TEE independent of age and blood pressure.Journal of @entity0 @entity1 advance online publication, 23 April 2015; doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.35.

title: Pulse wave velocity correlates with XXXX assessed with transesophageal echocardiography.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Natural killer (NK) cells can provide effective immunotherapy for @entity3 . Here, we evaluated the ability of NK cells isolated from peripheral blood (PB-) and NK cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC-) to mediate killing of @entity3 cells in a @entity2 xenograft model. A @entity2 xenograft model was used to evaluate the intraperitoneal delivery of three different NK cell populations: iPSC-derived NK cells, PB-NK cells that had been activated and expanded in long-term culture, and overnight activated PB-NK cells that were isolated through @entity4 / @entity5 depletion of peripheral blood B and T cells. Bioluminescent imaging was used to monitor @entity1 burden of luciferase expressing @entity1 lines. Tumors were allowed to establish prior to administering NK cells via intraperitoneal injection. These studies demonstrate a single dose of any of the three NK cell populations significantly reduced @entity1 burden. When @entity2 were given 3 doses of either iPSC-NK cells or expanded PB-NK cells, the median survival improved from 73 days in @entity2 untreated to 98 and 97 days for treated @entity2 , respectively. From these studies, we conclude iPSC-derived NK cells mediate anti- @entity3 killing at least as well as PB-NK cells, making these cells a viable resource for immunotherapy for @entity3 . Due to their ability to be easily differentiated into NK cells and their long-term expansion potential, iPSCs can be used to produce large numbers of well-defined NK cells that can be banked and used to treat a large number of @entity0 including treatment with multiple doses if necessary. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Natural Killer Cells for Treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In a multicenter study, we have conducted a retrospective study on 73 @entity1 @entity0 who were primary refractory or in greater than @entity2 and investigated MSD (or MMSD) (n  =  20), URD (n  =  23), and UCB (n  =  30) HCT between January 1998 and October 2009. The median day to neutrophil engraftment was similar in all groups. The median day to platelet engraftment was longer in the UCB group. The number of HLA mismatch was higher in the UCB group (p  =  0.034); however, the cumulative incidence of grade III-IV aGVHD was not different among all groups (p  =  0.125); furthermore, cGVHD was lower in the UCB group (p  =  0.078). The risk of relapse did not differ among all groups (RR  =  1.28, p  =  0.125), but the @entity0 of MSD (or MMSD) grafts had a trend of higher risk recurrence. Sixty-two @entity0 survived with a median follow-up of 58.2  months. Five-yr LFS was 73.1%, 59.8%, and 59.6% for URD, UCB, and MSD (or @entity4 ), respectively (p  =  0.426). Five-yr LFS in @entity2 was 68.9%, with a significantly better result compared to 41.7% in @entity3 (p  =  0.025). Our comparisons suggest that @entity1 @entity0 receiving UCB had a higher early TRM, a lower cGVHD rate, and a similar long-term survival. The outcome of URD and UCB is comparable to that of a suitable sibling for @entity1 .

title: Similar outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation from unrelated donor and umbilical cord blood vs. sibling donor for pediatric XXXX : Multicenter experience in China.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Observations made in detecting @entity3 with two dimensional echocardiography in 25 @entity0 are reviewed. In 20 @entity0 @entity1 was documented on angiography, surgery postmortem examination or serial two dimensional echocardiographic findings; in the remaining five @entity0 two dimensional echocardiographic findings of @entity1 were unequivocal. In all 25 @entity0 wall motion abnormalities ranging from @entity4 to @entity2 were present at the site of the @entity1 . Twenty-three @entity0 had an apical @entity1 ; two had @entity1 adjacent to the inferior wall. Clear delineation of the endocardium and @entity1 margin was considered essential to the correct diagnosis of @entity1 . Both intracavitary motion of the @entity1 margin and a layering effect were noted infrequently although they were of benefit in identifying an intracardiac mass as @entity1 . In addition, serial evaluations were helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis. False positive diagnoses can be minimized if one understands certain technical limitations of this method and correctly identifies apical structures that are not thrombi. Axial and lateral resolution problems inherent with this technique can produce intracavitary echoes that may simulate thrombi. In addition, normal or pathologic structures at the apex may also simulate thrombi. These structures include the papillary muscles, muscular trabeculae, chordal structures and tangential information from normal myocardium. Varying the sector orientation or acoustic window, or both, will aid in correctly identifying these structures and distinguishing them from left ventricular thrombi.

title: Observations on detecting XXXX with two dimensional echocardiography: emphasis on avoidance of false positive diagnoses.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent of expression of proteins that are the elements of the plasminogen activation system, i.e. urokinase plasminogen activator ( @entity6 ), receptor of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 (tPA) in the primary site of @entity3 , as well as in lymph node @entity1 , and their correlation with clinical and pathological data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study material consisted of archival paraffin blocks from 108 @entity0 with confirmed oncological diagnosis, treated in 2002 and 2003 in the Lower Silesian Oncology Centre in Wroclaw. This material was used for immunohistochemical reactions with antibodies against @entity6 , @entity6 , @entity5 and tPA. The extent of expression was evaluated semi-quantitatively based on the immunoreactive score according to Remmele and Stegner. The obtained results were correlated with clinical and pathological data: stage of the disease (modified Dukes' classification of Astler and Coller), grade of @entity2 , event-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS: It was found that cytoplasmic expression of @entity6 , @entity6 , @entity5 and tPA was higher in cells of @entity2 and @entity1 of perienteric lymph nodes in comparison to normal rectal tissues. Positive correlation was shown between expression of @entity5 and tPA, @entity6 and @entity6 , as well @entity6 and @entity5 (r=0.70, r=0.77 and r=0.34, respectively; p<0.05 for all). Additionally, in @entity0 with low and moderate expression of @entity6 and @entity6 , the overall survival rate was higher in comparison to @entity0 with high expression of the studied markers. CONCLUSION: The intensity of expression of @entity6 and @entity6 might be a prognostic factor of survival time for @entity0 with primary @entity3 .

title: Plasminogen Activation System in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Scabies remains the most prevalent, endemic, and neglected @entity4 globally and can cause institutional outbreaks. Sensitivity of routine microscopy demonstration of Sarcoptes scabiei mites or eggs in skin scraping is only about 50%. Except for three studies using conventional or two-tube nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on a small number of cases, no systematic study has been performed to improve the laboratory diagnosis of this important infection. We developed a conventional and a realtime quantitative PCR reaction assay based on the mitochondrial chromosomal c oxidase subunit 1 gene ( @entity3 ) of @entity2 . The @entity3 gene is relatively well conserved with no high sequence similarities with other @entity0 skin mites, pathogenic zoonotic mites or common house dust mite species. This mitochondrial gene is also present in large quantity in arthropod cells potentially improving sensitivity of PCR based assay. In our study, both assays are specific and are more sensitive than microscopy in diagnosing @entity1 , with a positive and negative predictive value of 100%. The @entity2 DNA copy number in the microscopy-positive specimens were significantly higher than those in the microscopy-negative specimens (median @entity2 DNA copy number, 3.604 log10 vs 2.457 log10 copies per reaction; P = 0.0213). In the @entity0 with crusted @entity1 , qPCR assay performed on lesional skin swabs, instead of scrapings, revealed that parasitic DNA load took about 2 weeks to become negative after treatment. The utility of using lesional skin swabs for PCR should be further evaluated as an alternative sample for diagnosis of @entity1 .

title: Development of conventional and realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay in the diagnosis and monitoring of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this paper is to elucidate surgical indication and limitation for severe @entity6 in the basal ganglia (HIH) with a view toward good functional outcome. Materials were 32 @entity0 of severe @entity7 (HIH). Neurological grading (G) for HIH, reported by Kanaya et al. in 1978, was applied. Grading on admission in 11 @entity0 with conservative treatment was G-4a in 2, G-4b in 3 and, G-5 in 6. Preoperative grading in 21 @entity0 with surgical treatment was G-4a in 9, G-4b in 8 and G-5 in 4. G-4a revealed semicoma without @entity5 signs, G-4b semicoma with @entity5 signs and G-5 deep @entity3 . The interval from the onset of HIH to @entity4 evacuation was from 3 to 10 hours in 14 @entity0 , from 17 to 23 hours in 5, 44 hours in one and 5 days in one. Functional outcomes at hospital discharge were classified as follows: self-managing (SM); @entity2 ( @entity2 ); @entity2 ( @entity2 ); vegetative (V); dead (D). Factors which would have influenced functional outcomes were studied and the results follow. All 11 @entity0 with conservative treatment died. On the contrary, in 21 @entity0 with surgical treatment, the outcomes were SM in 2 @entity0 , @entity2 in 3, @entity2 in 11, V in one and D in 4. @entity1 in the 4 @entity0 was caused by fatal complications from 8 to 24 days after the operation. In 17 surviving @entity0 with surgical treatment, (a) Mean age of the SM or @entity2 @entity0 was 45 years, and that of @entity2 or V @entity0 was 55 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Surgical indication and limitation in XXXX of the basal ganglia].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 occurs commonly in the @entity3 population receiving dialysis, with 25% dying of @entity5 over 5  years. Despite this high risk, surprisingly few prospective studies have studied clinical- and dialysis-related risk factors for @entity5 and arrhythmic precursors of @entity5 in @entity3 . METHODS/DESIGN: We present a brief summary of the risk factors for @entity4 and @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 as the rationale for the Predictors of @entity2 in End Stage @entity1 ( @entity6 ) study, a prospective cohort study of @entity0 recently initiated on chronic hemodialysis, with the overall goal to understand arrhythmic and @entity5 risk. @entity0 were screened for eligibility and excluded if they already had a pacemaker or an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. We describe the study aims, design, and data collection of 574 incident hemodialysis @entity0 from the Baltimore region in Maryland, U.S.A.. @entity0 were recruited from 27 hemodialysis units and underwent detailed clinical, dialysis and cardiovascular evaluation at baseline and follow-up. Cardiovascular phenotyping was conducted on nondialysis days with signal averaged electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, pulse wave velocity, ankle, brachial index, and cardiac computed tomography and angiography conducted at baseline. @entity0 were followed annually with study visits including electrocardiogram, pulse wave velocity, and ankle brachial index up to 4  years. A biorepository of serum, plasma, DNA, RNA, and nails were collected to study genetic and serologic factors associated with disease. DISCUSSION: Studies of modifiable risk factors for @entity5 will help set the stage for clinical trials to test therapies to prevent @entity5 in this high-risk population.

title: Rationale and design for the Predictors of @entity2 in End Stage XXXX ( @entity6 ) study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 occurs commonly in the @entity3 population receiving dialysis, with 25% dying of @entity5 over 5  years. Despite this high risk, surprisingly few prospective studies have studied clinical- and dialysis-related risk factors for @entity5 and arrhythmic precursors of @entity5 in @entity3 . METHODS/DESIGN: We present a brief summary of the risk factors for @entity4 and @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 as the rationale for the Predictors of @entity2 in End Stage @entity1 ( @entity6 ) study, a prospective cohort study of @entity0 recently initiated on chronic hemodialysis, with the overall goal to understand arrhythmic and @entity5 risk. @entity0 were screened for eligibility and excluded if they already had a pacemaker or an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. We describe the study aims, design, and data collection of 574 incident hemodialysis @entity0 from the Baltimore region in Maryland, U.S.A.. @entity0 were recruited from 27 hemodialysis units and underwent detailed clinical, dialysis and cardiovascular evaluation at baseline and follow-up. Cardiovascular phenotyping was conducted on nondialysis days with signal averaged electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, pulse wave velocity, ankle, brachial index, and cardiac computed tomography and angiography conducted at baseline. @entity0 were followed annually with study visits including electrocardiogram, pulse wave velocity, and ankle brachial index up to 4  years. A biorepository of serum, plasma, DNA, RNA, and nails were collected to study genetic and serologic factors associated with disease. DISCUSSION: Studies of modifiable risk factors for @entity5 will help set the stage for clinical trials to test therapies to prevent @entity5 in this high-risk population.

title: Rationale and design for the Predictors of XXXX in End Stage @entity1 ( @entity6 ) study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 occurs commonly in the @entity3 population receiving dialysis, with 25% dying of @entity5 over 5  years. Despite this high risk, surprisingly few prospective studies have studied clinical- and dialysis-related risk factors for @entity5 and arrhythmic precursors of @entity5 in @entity3 . METHODS/DESIGN: We present a brief summary of the risk factors for @entity4 and @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 as the rationale for the Predictors of @entity2 in End Stage @entity1 ( @entity6 ) study, a prospective cohort study of @entity0 recently initiated on chronic hemodialysis, with the overall goal to understand arrhythmic and @entity5 risk. @entity0 were screened for eligibility and excluded if they already had a pacemaker or an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. We describe the study aims, design, and data collection of 574 incident hemodialysis @entity0 from the Baltimore region in Maryland, U.S.A.. @entity0 were recruited from 27 hemodialysis units and underwent detailed clinical, dialysis and cardiovascular evaluation at baseline and follow-up. Cardiovascular phenotyping was conducted on nondialysis days with signal averaged electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, pulse wave velocity, ankle, brachial index, and cardiac computed tomography and angiography conducted at baseline. @entity0 were followed annually with study visits including electrocardiogram, pulse wave velocity, and ankle brachial index up to 4  years. A biorepository of serum, plasma, DNA, RNA, and nails were collected to study genetic and serologic factors associated with disease. DISCUSSION: Studies of modifiable risk factors for @entity5 will help set the stage for clinical trials to test therapies to prevent @entity5 in this high-risk population.

title: Rationale and design for the Predictors of @entity2 in End Stage @entity1 ( XXXX ) study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 in @entity5 has never been investigated by in-vivo imaging studies. With MRI, we aimed to assess mesenteric vessels flow and small bowel wall perfusion to investigate the ischemic origin of @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six @entity5 @entity0 with (AP) and six without (NOP) @entity3 underwent MRI. In a blinded fashion, @entity2 (MF, quantity of blood moving through a vessel within a second, in mL  s-1) and @entity1 volume (SV, volume of blood pumped out at each heart contraction, in mL) of Superior Mesenteric Vein (SMV) and Artery (SMA), areas under the curve at 60 (AUC60) and 90 seconds (AUC90) and Ktrans were assessed by two operators. RESULTS: Mean total perfusion and flow parameters were lower in AP than in NOP group. AUC60: 84.81    11.75 vs. 131.73    18.89 (P < 0.001); AUC90: 102.33    14.16 vs. 152.58    22.70 (P < 0.001); Ktrans: 0.0346 min-1    0.0019 vs. 0.0521    0.0015 (P = 0.093 duodenum, 0.009 jejunum/ileum). SMV: @entity6 .67 ml/s    0.85 vs. 8.32    2.14 (P = 0.002); SV 3.85 ml    0.76 vs. 6.55    1.57 (P = 0.02). SMA: MF 6.95    2.61 vs. 11.2    2.32 (P = 0.07); SV 6.52    2.19 vs. 8.78    1.63 (P = 0.07). We found a significant correlation between MF and SV of SMV and AUC60 (MF:   = 0.88, P < 0.001; SV:    = 0.644, P = 0.024), AUC90 (MF:    = 0.874, P < 0.001; SV:   = 0.774, P = 0.003) and Ktrans (MF:   = 0.734, P = 0.007; SV:   = 0.581, P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Perfusion and flow MRI findings suggest that the @entity4 supply is significantly associated with @entity3 in @entity5 .

title: New Insights in Abdominal Pain in XXXX ( @entity5 ): A MRI Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 in @entity5 has never been investigated by in-vivo imaging studies. With MRI, we aimed to assess mesenteric vessels flow and small bowel wall perfusion to investigate the ischemic origin of @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six @entity5 @entity0 with (AP) and six without (NOP) @entity3 underwent MRI. In a blinded fashion, @entity2 (MF, quantity of blood moving through a vessel within a second, in mL  s-1) and @entity1 volume (SV, volume of blood pumped out at each heart contraction, in mL) of Superior Mesenteric Vein (SMV) and Artery (SMA), areas under the curve at 60 (AUC60) and 90 seconds (AUC90) and Ktrans were assessed by two operators. RESULTS: Mean total perfusion and flow parameters were lower in AP than in NOP group. AUC60: 84.81    11.75 vs. 131.73    18.89 (P < 0.001); AUC90: 102.33    14.16 vs. 152.58    22.70 (P < 0.001); Ktrans: 0.0346 min-1    0.0019 vs. 0.0521    0.0015 (P = 0.093 duodenum, 0.009 jejunum/ileum). SMV: @entity6 .67 ml/s    0.85 vs. 8.32    2.14 (P = 0.002); SV 3.85 ml    0.76 vs. 6.55    1.57 (P = 0.02). SMA: MF 6.95    2.61 vs. 11.2    2.32 (P = 0.07); SV 6.52    2.19 vs. 8.78    1.63 (P = 0.07). We found a significant correlation between MF and SV of SMV and AUC60 (MF:   = 0.88, P < 0.001; SV:    = 0.644, P = 0.024), AUC90 (MF:    = 0.874, P < 0.001; SV:   = 0.774, P = 0.003) and Ktrans (MF:   = 0.734, P = 0.007; SV:   = 0.581, P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Perfusion and flow MRI findings suggest that the @entity4 supply is significantly associated with @entity3 in @entity5 .

title: New Insights in Abdominal Pain in @entity5 ( XXXX ): A MRI Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of @entity4 were investigated in a double-blind study of 28 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), confirmed by unequivocal electrocardiographic and enzyme changes. Measurements were performed prior to and at 1.5, 3, 4, 4.5, 12 and 24 hours following infusion of @entity4 (13 @entity0 ) or placebo (15 @entity0 ). Although systemic vascular resistance decreased from 1,750 to 1,420 dynes . sec . cm-5 (p less than .001) and cardiac index increased from 2.77 to 3.10 L/min/m2 (p less than .02) between 0 and 4.5 hours, an abnormal increase in blood @entity2 was observed in 10 of the 13 @entity0 following administration of @entity4 (3.0 vs 1.2 mM/L, p less than .001). @entity2 elevation appeared one hour after infusion of @entity4 , was maximal at 12 hours, and persisted for more than 24 hours. There was no significant change in blood @entity2 in placebo treated @entity0 . A transient but significant decrease in plasma volume was also observed following infusions of @entity4 . The elevation of blood @entity2 could not be explained by the reduction in plasma volume since the most striking increases in @entity2 were observed 12 hours following the initial infusion of @entity4 when the plasma volume was returning to the control value. No significant differences in other hemodynamic or metabolic parameters, @entity3 size or @entity0 survival were observed between the two groups. We conclude that the hemodynamic benefits of glucocorticoids characterized by @entity5 and lowered systemic vascular resistance are counterbalanced by the potentially unfavorable conditions of @entity2 elevation and volume depletion.

title: Use of XXXX in @entity0 following @entity1 . Hemodynamic and metabolic effects.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of @entity4 were investigated in a double-blind study of 28 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), confirmed by unequivocal electrocardiographic and enzyme changes. Measurements were performed prior to and at 1.5, 3, 4, 4.5, 12 and 24 hours following infusion of @entity4 (13 @entity0 ) or placebo (15 @entity0 ). Although systemic vascular resistance decreased from 1,750 to 1,420 dynes . sec . cm-5 (p less than .001) and cardiac index increased from 2.77 to 3.10 L/min/m2 (p less than .02) between 0 and 4.5 hours, an abnormal increase in blood @entity2 was observed in 10 of the 13 @entity0 following administration of @entity4 (3.0 vs 1.2 mM/L, p less than .001). @entity2 elevation appeared one hour after infusion of @entity4 , was maximal at 12 hours, and persisted for more than 24 hours. There was no significant change in blood @entity2 in placebo treated @entity0 . A transient but significant decrease in plasma volume was also observed following infusions of @entity4 . The elevation of blood @entity2 could not be explained by the reduction in plasma volume since the most striking increases in @entity2 were observed 12 hours following the initial infusion of @entity4 when the plasma volume was returning to the control value. No significant differences in other hemodynamic or metabolic parameters, @entity3 size or @entity0 survival were observed between the two groups. We conclude that the hemodynamic benefits of glucocorticoids characterized by @entity5 and lowered systemic vascular resistance are counterbalanced by the potentially unfavorable conditions of @entity2 elevation and volume depletion.

title: Use of @entity4 in @entity0 following XXXX . Hemodynamic and metabolic effects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of @entity4 were investigated in a double-blind study of 28 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), confirmed by unequivocal electrocardiographic and enzyme changes. Measurements were performed prior to and at 1.5, 3, 4, 4.5, 12 and 24 hours following infusion of @entity4 (13 @entity0 ) or placebo (15 @entity0 ). Although systemic vascular resistance decreased from 1,750 to 1,420 dynes . sec . cm-5 (p less than .001) and cardiac index increased from 2.77 to 3.10 L/min/m2 (p less than .02) between 0 and 4.5 hours, an abnormal increase in blood @entity2 was observed in 10 of the 13 @entity0 following administration of @entity4 (3.0 vs 1.2 mM/L, p less than .001). @entity2 elevation appeared one hour after infusion of @entity4 , was maximal at 12 hours, and persisted for more than 24 hours. There was no significant change in blood @entity2 in placebo treated @entity0 . A transient but significant decrease in plasma volume was also observed following infusions of @entity4 . The elevation of blood @entity2 could not be explained by the reduction in plasma volume since the most striking increases in @entity2 were observed 12 hours following the initial infusion of @entity4 when the plasma volume was returning to the control value. No significant differences in other hemodynamic or metabolic parameters, @entity3 size or @entity0 survival were observed between the two groups. We conclude that the hemodynamic benefits of glucocorticoids characterized by @entity5 and lowered systemic vascular resistance are counterbalanced by the potentially unfavorable conditions of @entity2 elevation and volume depletion.

title: Use of @entity4 in XXXX following @entity1 . Hemodynamic and metabolic effects.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Introduction. The systemic inflammatory response (SIR) plays a key role in determining nutritional status and survival of @entity0 with @entity1 . A number of objective scoring systems have been shown to have prognostic value; however, their application in routine clinical practice is not clear. The aim of the present survey was to examine the range of opinions internationally on the routine use of these scoring systems. Methods. An online survey was distributed to a target group consisting of individuals worldwide who have reported an interest in systemic @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 . Results. Of those invited by the survey (n = 238), 65% routinely measured the SIR, mainly for research and prognostication purposes and clinically for allocation of adjuvant therapy or palliative chemotherapy. 40% reported that they currently used the Glasgow Prognostic Score/modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS/mGPS) and 81% reported that a measure of systemic @entity2 should be incorporated into clinical guidelines, such as the definition of @entity3 . Conclusions. The majority of respondents routinely measured the SIR in @entity0 with @entity1 , mainly using the GPS/mGPS for research and prognostication purposes. The majority reported that a measure of the SIR should be adopted into clinical guidelines.

title: A Survey of Attitudes towards the Clinical Application of Systemic Inflammation Based Prognostic Scores in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency, anatomic characteristics, and associations of @entity3 in adult @entity0 undergoing cardiac catheterization after a Fontan operation. Additionally, the embryologic basis for the presence of venous collaterals is reviewed. METHODS: Cardiac catheterization data was reviewed for 66 adults with single ventricle physiology and a Fontan palliation. RESULTS: There were a total of 66 @entity0 that underwent catheterization between 2004 and 2014 at the Ahmanson/UCLA Adult @entity2 Center. There were 24 males and 42 females. @entity4 were present in 38 @entity0 (58%), most commonly originating from the right brachiocephalic vein (35%), azygous vein (20%) and superior vena cava (13%). Trans-catheter interventional closure was performed in 27/38 (71%) of @entity0 with venous collaterals. At baseline these @entity0 had lower @entity1 saturation when compared to those not requiring intervention, 85.6%  6.1% vs 89.9%  5.4%, p<0.05. At 6months, the ambulatory systemic saturation improved from 85.6%  6.1% to 91.8%  6.4%, p<0.05. At two years follow-up, the ambulatory systemic saturation had decreased to 90.5%  4.1% (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In adults with single ventricle physiology and prior Fontan surgery, systemic venous collaterals are common and can be percutaneously occluded at minimal risk with resultant improvement in systemic @entity1 saturation on long term follow up. When evaluated from a developmental standpoint, 85% of collaterals are above the diaphragm and could be secondary to recanalization of the collateral veins, an embryological connection between systemic and pulmonary veins.

title: XXXX in adults with single ventricle physiology after cavopulmonary palliation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine genetic variability within the @entity2 receptor 2A sub-unit ( @entity3 ) gene promoter and its association with concussion recovery time. The hypothesis tested was that there would be a difference in allele and/or genotype distribution between two groups of athletes with normal and prolonged recovery. METHODS: DNA was extracted from saliva collected from a total of 87 athletes with a physician-diagnosed concussion. The ( @entity1 ) variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) within the promoter region of @entity3 was genotyped. The long (L) allele was an allele with >= 25 repeats and the short (S) allele was an allele with <25 repeats in the @entity1 tract. @entity0 ' recovery time was followed prospectively and was categorized as normal ( <=60 days) or prolonged (>60 days). RESULTS: LL carriers were 6-times more likely to recover longer than 60 days following the concussive event (p   =   0.0433) when compared to SS carriers. Additionally, L allele carriers were found more frequently in the prolonged recovery group (p   =   0.048). CONCLUSION: Determining genetic influence on concussion recovery will aid in future development of genetic counselling. The clinical relevance of genotyping athletes could improve management of athletes who experience concussion injuries.

title: Association between XXXX promoter polymorphism and recovery from concussion.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, a counterfactual framework has not been used to study determinants of social inequalities in @entity1 . Considering the case of @entity2 , for which racial/ethnic differences in stage at diagnosis and survival are well documented, we quantify the extent to which black versus white survival disparities would be reduced had disparities in stage at diagnosis been eliminated in a large @entity0 population. METHODS: We obtained data on @entity2 @entity0 (diagnosed between 1992 and 2005 and followed until 2010) from US-SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) @entity1 registries. We employed a counterfactual approach to estimate the mean survival time up to the 60th month since diagnosis for black @entity2 @entity0 had black-white disparities in stage at diagnosis been eliminated. RESULTS: Black @entity0 survive approximately 4.0 [confidence interval (CI), 4.6-3.2] months less than white @entity0 within five years since diagnosis. Had disparities in stage at diagnosis been eliminated, survival disparities decrease to 2.6 (CI, 3.4-1.7) months, an approximately 35% reduction. For @entity0 diagnosed after the age of 65 years, disparities would be halved, while reduction of approximately 30% is estimated for younger @entity0 . @entity3 would be reduced by approximately 44% for @entity0 and approximately 26% for @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Employing a counterfactual approach and allowing for heterogeneities in black-white disparities across @entity0 ' characteristics, we give robust evidence that elimination of disparities in stage at diagnosis contributes to a substantial reduction in survival disparities in @entity2 . IMPACT: We provide the first evidence in the SEER population that elimination of inequities in stage at diagnosis might lead to larger reductions in survival disparities among elderly and @entity0 . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(1); 1-7.   2015 AACR.

title: The Role of Stage at Diagnosis in XXXX Black-White Survival Disparities: A Counterfactual Causal Inference Approach.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This @entity5 Appropriateness Criteria article offers imaging triage guidance for several variants of @entity0 presenting with acute foot @entity2 . @entity0 meeting inclusion criteria for the Ottawa Rules should undergo a 3-view radiographic series. @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 should undergo radiography, even though they do not meet the Ottawa Rules inclusion criteria. @entity0 with suspected midfoot and/or @entity2 should undergo 3-view radiographs with weight bearing on at least the anterior-posterior view. @entity0 with suspected @entity2 and normal radiographs should be considered for MRI and CT on a case-by-case basis. MRI or ultrasound could confirm cases of  suspected @entity3 . Radiography is the initial imaging modality for suspected @entity2 after metatarsal-phalangeal @entity2 . Weight-bearing anterior-posterior, lateral, and sesamoid axial views may detect proximal migration of the hallux sesamoids. Ultrasound or MRI can directly evaluate the capsuloligamentous complex, specifically the plantar plate. Radiography can detect radiopaque penetrating foreign bodies, and ultrasound can be helpful in detecting those that are nonradiopaque. The @entity5 Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every 3 years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals and the application of a well-established consensus methodology (modified Delphi) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures, by the panel. In instances in which evidence is lacking or is not definitive, expert opinion may be used to recommend imaging and treatment.

title: @entity5 Appropriateness Criteria Acute XXXX to the Foot.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This @entity5 Appropriateness Criteria article offers imaging triage guidance for several variants of @entity0 presenting with acute foot @entity2 . @entity0 meeting inclusion criteria for the Ottawa Rules should undergo a 3-view radiographic series. @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 should undergo radiography, even though they do not meet the Ottawa Rules inclusion criteria. @entity0 with suspected midfoot and/or @entity2 should undergo 3-view radiographs with weight bearing on at least the anterior-posterior view. @entity0 with suspected @entity2 and normal radiographs should be considered for MRI and CT on a case-by-case basis. MRI or ultrasound could confirm cases of  suspected @entity3 . Radiography is the initial imaging modality for suspected @entity2 after metatarsal-phalangeal @entity2 . Weight-bearing anterior-posterior, lateral, and sesamoid axial views may detect proximal migration of the hallux sesamoids. Ultrasound or MRI can directly evaluate the capsuloligamentous complex, specifically the plantar plate. Radiography can detect radiopaque penetrating foreign bodies, and ultrasound can be helpful in detecting those that are nonradiopaque. The @entity5 Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every 3 years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals and the application of a well-established consensus methodology (modified Delphi) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures, by the panel. In instances in which evidence is lacking or is not definitive, expert opinion may be used to recommend imaging and treatment.

title: XXXX Appropriateness Criteria Acute @entity2 to the Foot.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Motor Unit Number Index (MUNIX) is a novel neurophysiological measure that provides an index of the number of functional lower motor neurons in a given muscle. So far its performance across centres in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To perform longitudinal MUNIX recordings in a set of muscles in a multicentre setting in order to evaluate its value as a marker of disease progression. METHODS: Three centres applied MUNIX in 51 @entity1 @entity0 over 15   months. Six different muscles (abductor pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, biceps brachii, tibialis anterior, extensor dig. brevis, abductor hallucis) were measured every 3   months on the less affected side. The decline between MUNIX and ALSFRS-R was compared. RESULTS: 31 @entity0 reached month 12. For all @entity0 , ALSFRS-R declined at a rate of 2.3%/month. Using the total score of all muscles, MUNIX declined significantly faster by 3.2%/month (p <=0.02). MUNIX in individual muscles declined between 2.4% and 4.2%, which differed from ASLFRS-R decline starting from month 3 (p <=0.05 to 0.002). Subgroups with bulbar, lower and upper limb onset showed different decline rates of ALSFRS-R between 1.9% and 2.8%/month, while MUNIX total scores showed similar decline rates over all subgroups. Mean intraclass correlation coefficient for MUNIX intra-rater reliability was 0.89 and for inter-rater reliability 0.80. CONCLUSION: MUNIX is a reliable electrophysiological biomarker to track lower motor neuron loss in @entity1 .

title: Tracking motor neuron loss in a set of six muscles in XXXX using the Motor Unit Number Index (MUNIX): a 15-month longitudinal multicentre trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several plant @entity4 (PIAs) possess powerful pharmaceutical and biotechnological properties. Thus, @entity2 metabolism and its fascinating molecules, including @entity0 , @entity1 and @entity3 , have attracted the attention of both the industry and researchers involved in plant science, biochemistry, chemical bioengineering and medicine. Currently, access and availability of high-value PIAs [commercialized (e.g. @entity3 ) or not (e.g. @entity5 )] is limited by low concentration in nature, lack of cultivation or geographic access, seasonal production and risk of overharvesting wild plant species. Nevertheless, most commercial PIAs are still extracted from plant sources. Efforts to improve the production of @entity2 have largely been impaired by the lack of knowledge on @entity2 metabolism. With the development and integration of next-generation sequencing technologies, high-throughput proteomics and metabolomics analyses and bioinformatics, systems biology was used to unravel metabolic pathways allowing the use of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches to increase production of valuable PIAs. Metabolic engineering provides opportunity to overcome issues related to restricted availability, diversification and productivity of plant alkaloids. Engineered plant, plant cells and microbial cell cultures can act as biofactories by offering their metabolic machinery for the purpose of optimizing the conditions and increasing the productivity of a specific alkaloid. In this article, is presented an update on the production of @entity2 in engineered plant, plant cell cultures and heterologous micro-organisms.

title: Metabolic engineering for the production of plant XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effect of hormones on phospholipid metabolism, pool size, 32P labeling and changes in @entity2 of @entity0 adult fibroblasts was determined. Simultaneously the change in membrane fluidity of single cells was recorded via fluorescence recovery after photobleaching under the influence of hormones. From all substances tested ( @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity11 , @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity3 ) only @entity7 and @entity11 slightly decreased total amount of @entity5 (PC). The amount of the other phospholipids analyzed remained unchanged. The 32P incorporation rate into phospholipids (PC, @entity10 (PI), @entity8 (PE)) was affected basicly different analyzing either PC, PI or PE. @entity1 and @entity3 provoked the highest incorporation of 32P (240% increase in PI labeling). @entity7 and @entity11 decreased PC labeling (45% and 18%) whereas @entity7 decreased 32P incorporation into PI (18%), and @entity11 led to an increase (37%). PE labeling showed no or a slight increase in 32P incorporation applying the other agonists or antagonists. The @entity2 pattern of the respective phospholipids changed only to a minor extend. A decrease in @entity12 content of PI was found after administration of either @entity7 , @entity11 or @entity1 . Parallel determination of membrane fluidity of single cells by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching showed an increase in the diffusion coefficient of a fluorescent lipid probe sticking in the membrane, following administration of @entity7 and @entity11 , other substances tested exerted no effect. A relationship to changes in phospholipid metabolism became obvious. These results are discussed considering known mechanisms of receptor coupling and change in phospholipid metabolism and fluidity.

title: Effect of hormones on phospholipid metabolism in XXXX cultured fibroblasts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to assess the quality of health management information system (HMIS) data needed for assessment of local area variation in pregnancy-induced @entity2 ( @entity3 ) incidence and to describe district and regional variations in @entity3 incidence. METHODS: A retrospective review of antenatal and delivery records of 2682 pregnant @entity0 in 10 district hospitals in the Greater Accra and Upper West regions of Ghana was conducted in 2013. Quality of HMIS data was assessed by completeness of reporting. The incidence of @entity3 was estimated for each district. RESULTS: Key variables for routine assessment of @entity3 such as blood pressure (BP) at antenatal visits, weight and height were 95-100% complete. Fundal height, gestational age and BP at delivery were not consistently reported. The incidence of @entity3 differed significantly between Greater Accra region (6.1%) and Upper West region (3.2%). Prevalence of @entity1 among pregnant @entity0 in Greater Accra region (13.9%) was significantly higher than that of @entity0 in Upper West region (2.2%). CONCLUSIONS: More attention needs to be given to understanding local area variations in @entity3 and possible relationships with urbanisation and lifestyle changes that promote @entity1 , to inform maternal and newborn health policy. This can be done with good quality routine HMIS data.

title: Measuring regional and district variations in the incidence of pregnancy-induced XXXX in Ghana: challenges, opportunities and implications for maternal and newborn health policy and programmes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A simple, sensitive fluorometric method for the determination of peroxisomal fatty @entity1 oxidase (EC 1.3.99.3) activity has been developed. Studies of enzyme activity relative to subcellular distribution and to clofibrate induction indicate that this assay is specific for peroxisomal fatty @entity1 oxidase. The @entity4 -dependent production of @entity0 is quantitated by measuring the oxidation of @entity3 to a fluorescent product in a horseradish peroxidase-coupled assay. Assays can be performed in either a fixed time or continuous mode. In either mode, @entity0 production is related to a change in fluorescence intensity through use of a standard curve generated with known amounts of @entity0 . The use of @entity4 (12:0), rather than the more generally used substrate @entity2 (16:0), provides significant advantages. Much of the substrate inhibition problem associated with @entity2 has been avoided, and a greater than 4.5-fold higher specific activity has been achieved compared with a @entity2 -based assay. In the fixed-time mode, linearity relative to time and to the amount of enzyme added has been established without resorting to the use of bovine serum albumin as a substrate binding medium. Sensitivity is estimated to be at least equal to that of the most sensitive methods reported, while reliability, versatility and range have been improved. Use of this method should greatly facilitate the study of peroxisomal beta-oxidation regulatory mechanisms in hepatocyte cell culture systems as well as in other circumstances where low activities or small samples must be assayed.

title: Determination of peroxisomal fatty @entity1 oxidase activity using a XXXX -based fluorometric assay.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A simple, sensitive fluorometric method for the determination of peroxisomal fatty @entity1 oxidase (EC 1.3.99.3) activity has been developed. Studies of enzyme activity relative to subcellular distribution and to clofibrate induction indicate that this assay is specific for peroxisomal fatty @entity1 oxidase. The @entity4 -dependent production of @entity0 is quantitated by measuring the oxidation of @entity3 to a fluorescent product in a horseradish peroxidase-coupled assay. Assays can be performed in either a fixed time or continuous mode. In either mode, @entity0 production is related to a change in fluorescence intensity through use of a standard curve generated with known amounts of @entity0 . The use of @entity4 (12:0), rather than the more generally used substrate @entity2 (16:0), provides significant advantages. Much of the substrate inhibition problem associated with @entity2 has been avoided, and a greater than 4.5-fold higher specific activity has been achieved compared with a @entity2 -based assay. In the fixed-time mode, linearity relative to time and to the amount of enzyme added has been established without resorting to the use of bovine serum albumin as a substrate binding medium. Sensitivity is estimated to be at least equal to that of the most sensitive methods reported, while reliability, versatility and range have been improved. Use of this method should greatly facilitate the study of peroxisomal beta-oxidation regulatory mechanisms in hepatocyte cell culture systems as well as in other circumstances where low activities or small samples must be assayed.

title: Determination of peroxisomal fatty XXXX oxidase activity using a @entity4 -based fluorometric assay.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evidence suggests that @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and plasma @entity5 ( @entity6 ) levels are associated with one another, and both appear to be related to @entity1 . However, no connection between both factors taken together and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been established. This study analysed potential relationships between @entity2 , @entity6 and @entity1 . METHODS: We included 105 @entity0 with @entity1 and 76 controls with no history of @entity3 . All @entity0 underwent laboratory analyses, a carotid ultrasound, and clinical and neuropsychological assessment. We used the Mantel-Haenszel test (MHT), ANCOVA and multiple linear regression models (MLRM) to examine any associations between @entity2 , @entity6 and cognitive state. RESULTS: The MHT revealed a significant association between @entity2 and risk of @entity1 (z = 4.285, P < 0.0001). The OR for the upper quartile vs the lower quartile was 5.12 (95% CI: 2.12-12.36). MHT also showed a clear association between @entity6 levels and risk of @entity1 (z = 3.01, P = 0.003). OR for the upper vs the lower quartile was 3.39 (95% CI: 1.41-8.12). Additionally, we found a correlation between @entity2 and @entity6 (r = 0.162, P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that there is a connection between @entity2 , @entity6 levels and presence of @entity1 in a population with no history of clinically manifest @entity4 . Furthermore, there is also a connection between the @entity2 and @entity6 levels themselves.

title: Association between subclinical carotid atherosclerosis, hyperhomocysteinaemia and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to explore trends in short- and long-term mortality after hospitalization for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) over the period 2001   2011 in Estonian secondary and tertiary care hospitals while adjusting for changes in baseline characteristics. METHODS: In this nationwide cross-sectional study random samples of @entity0 hospitalized due to @entity1 in years 2001, 2007 and 2011 were identified and followed for 1  year. Trends in 30-day and 1-year all-cause mortality were analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: The final analysis included 423, 687 and 665 @entity0 in years 2001, 2007 and 2011 respectively. During the study period, the prevalence of most comorbidities remained unchanged while the in-hospital and outpatient treatment improved significantly. For example, the proportion of tertiary care hospital @entity1 @entity0 who underwent revascularization was almost three times higher in 2011 compared to 2001. The proportion of secondary care @entity0 who were referred to a tertiary care centre for more advanced care increased from 5.8 to 40.1  % (p for trend <0.001). Meanwhile, the 1-year mortality rates decreased from 29.5 to 20.2  % (adjusted p   =   0.004) in the tertiary and from 32.4 to 23.1  % (adjusted p   =   0.006) in the secondary care. The decrease in the 30-day mortality rates was statistically significant only in the secondary care hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: The use of evidence-based treatments in @entity1 @entity0 improved between 2001 and 2011. At the same time, we observed a significant reduction in the long-term mortality rates, both for @entity0 primarily hospitalized into secondary as well as into tertiary care hospitals.

title: Improved treatment and prognosis after XXXX in Estonia: cross-sectional study from a high risk country.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 results in poor outcomes among elderly @entity0 . However, the factors associated with outcome over different follow-up periods in this population are unknown. AIMS: To evaluate the outcomes and risk factors of outcomes in elderly @entity0 after @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Outcomes, including mortality, dependency (defined as a @entity4 ), and recurrence rates, and associated risk factors were assessed at 3 and 12  months after @entity1 in @entity0 aged >= 80  years. RESULTS: There were 419 acute @entity3 @entity0 aged >= 80  years at 3  months, and 309 @entity0 at 12  months; outcomes and relevant risk factors were assessed in these @entity0 . @entity2 was more prevalent in @entity0 than in @entity0 . At 3  months, the mortality, dependency, and recurrence rates were 13.8, 54.2, and 18.1  %, respectively; the corresponding rates at 12  months were 26.9, 58.0, and 32.6  %, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting by confounding factors, TOAST classification and @entity1 severity were associated with mortality and recurrence, while @entity1 severity was associated with dependency at 3  months. The mortality and dependency rates at 12  months were significantly associated with moderate and severe @entity1 , but severe @entity1 was an independent factor associated with recurrence. CONCLUSION: @entity1 subtype and severity were associated with @entity1 outcomes among elderly @entity0 in northern China. These findings suggest that it is crucial to highlight the affected factors of @entity1 outcome among elderly @entity0 for reduce the burden of @entity1 in China.

title: Risk factors of outcomes in elderly @entity0 with acute XXXX in China.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 results in poor outcomes among elderly @entity0 . However, the factors associated with outcome over different follow-up periods in this population are unknown. AIMS: To evaluate the outcomes and risk factors of outcomes in elderly @entity0 after @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Outcomes, including mortality, dependency (defined as a @entity4 ), and recurrence rates, and associated risk factors were assessed at 3 and 12  months after @entity1 in @entity0 aged >= 80  years. RESULTS: There were 419 acute @entity3 @entity0 aged >= 80  years at 3  months, and 309 @entity0 at 12  months; outcomes and relevant risk factors were assessed in these @entity0 . @entity2 was more prevalent in @entity0 than in @entity0 . At 3  months, the mortality, dependency, and recurrence rates were 13.8, 54.2, and 18.1  %, respectively; the corresponding rates at 12  months were 26.9, 58.0, and 32.6  %, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting by confounding factors, TOAST classification and @entity1 severity were associated with mortality and recurrence, while @entity1 severity was associated with dependency at 3  months. The mortality and dependency rates at 12  months were significantly associated with moderate and severe @entity1 , but severe @entity1 was an independent factor associated with recurrence. CONCLUSION: @entity1 subtype and severity were associated with @entity1 outcomes among elderly @entity0 in northern China. These findings suggest that it is crucial to highlight the affected factors of @entity1 outcome among elderly @entity0 for reduce the burden of @entity1 in China.

title: Risk factors of outcomes in elderly XXXX with acute @entity3 in China.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether baseline levels of @entity4 and @entity5 predict disease activity or response to treatment in @entity0 with @entity3 at 6 months, 1 and 2 years of follow-up. METHODS: A consecutive cohort of @entity0 , classified according to the 2010 ACR/EULAR @entity3 criteria, was evaluated at baseline, 6 months, 1 and 2 years. All were treated with @entity2 and/or DMARDs. None received biologics. Blood was taken at a baseline to determine plasma anti-CCP, @entity4 and @entity5 . The relationship between @entity4 , @entity5 , DAS28 and changes in DAS28 was assessed by multivariable linear and logistic regression from baseline to follow-up. RESULTS: 127 @entity0 completed 6 months, 91 one year and 52 two years of follow-up. All were female, mean age 45 years (18-70), time since onset of disease 7.5 years (0-36). A U-shaped relationship between DAS28 and @entity4 baseline levels was seen. Adjusting for different factors, @entity4 levels at baseline predicted higher DAS28 at 6 months and, in @entity0 who were not overweight or @entity1 , predicted disease activity at 6 months, 1 and 2 years. In @entity0 who were not overweight or @entity1 , baseline @entity4 was able to predict response to treatment at 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: In the short term, baseline @entity4 levels predict disease activity in all @entity3 @entity0 and response to treatment in @entity3 @entity0 with normal weight.

title: @entity4 and @entity5 as predictors of disease activity in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether baseline levels of @entity4 and @entity5 predict disease activity or response to treatment in @entity0 with @entity3 at 6 months, 1 and 2 years of follow-up. METHODS: A consecutive cohort of @entity0 , classified according to the 2010 ACR/EULAR @entity3 criteria, was evaluated at baseline, 6 months, 1 and 2 years. All were treated with @entity2 and/or DMARDs. None received biologics. Blood was taken at a baseline to determine plasma anti-CCP, @entity4 and @entity5 . The relationship between @entity4 , @entity5 , DAS28 and changes in DAS28 was assessed by multivariable linear and logistic regression from baseline to follow-up. RESULTS: 127 @entity0 completed 6 months, 91 one year and 52 two years of follow-up. All were female, mean age 45 years (18-70), time since onset of disease 7.5 years (0-36). A U-shaped relationship between DAS28 and @entity4 baseline levels was seen. Adjusting for different factors, @entity4 levels at baseline predicted higher DAS28 at 6 months and, in @entity0 who were not overweight or @entity1 , predicted disease activity at 6 months, 1 and 2 years. In @entity0 who were not overweight or @entity1 , baseline @entity4 was able to predict response to treatment at 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: In the short term, baseline @entity4 levels predict disease activity in all @entity3 @entity0 and response to treatment in @entity3 @entity0 with normal weight.

title: @entity4 and XXXX as predictors of disease activity in @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether baseline levels of @entity4 and @entity5 predict disease activity or response to treatment in @entity0 with @entity3 at 6 months, 1 and 2 years of follow-up. METHODS: A consecutive cohort of @entity0 , classified according to the 2010 ACR/EULAR @entity3 criteria, was evaluated at baseline, 6 months, 1 and 2 years. All were treated with @entity2 and/or DMARDs. None received biologics. Blood was taken at a baseline to determine plasma anti-CCP, @entity4 and @entity5 . The relationship between @entity4 , @entity5 , DAS28 and changes in DAS28 was assessed by multivariable linear and logistic regression from baseline to follow-up. RESULTS: 127 @entity0 completed 6 months, 91 one year and 52 two years of follow-up. All were female, mean age 45 years (18-70), time since onset of disease 7.5 years (0-36). A U-shaped relationship between DAS28 and @entity4 baseline levels was seen. Adjusting for different factors, @entity4 levels at baseline predicted higher DAS28 at 6 months and, in @entity0 who were not overweight or @entity1 , predicted disease activity at 6 months, 1 and 2 years. In @entity0 who were not overweight or @entity1 , baseline @entity4 was able to predict response to treatment at 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: In the short term, baseline @entity4 levels predict disease activity in all @entity3 @entity0 and response to treatment in @entity3 @entity0 with normal weight.

title: XXXX and @entity5 as predictors of disease activity in @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In a prospective study the accuracy of cross-sectional echocardiography for determination of left ventricular (LV) volume and ejection fraction (EF) was analyzed in 53 @entity0 with @entity2 and compared to that of cineangiocardiography (angio). From the apex of the heart phased-array wide-angle (84 degrees) electronic echocardiograms were received in the RAO-equivalent view. Angios were obtained in a 30 degree RAO view. Using Simpson's rule, end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic ( @entity4 ) LV volumes were calculated and the EF derived. @entity3 was transected in eight segments, yielding seven diameters. In 50 of the 53 @entity0 cross-sectional echocardiograms could be recorded. The correlation between cineangiocardiography and cross-sectional echocardiography for EDV was highly significant: r = 0.936, y = 0.667x + 27.1, standard error of estimate (syx) +/- 22.2 ml; for @entity4 : r = 0.970, y = 0.699x + 14.7, syx +/- 14.5 ml; for @entity1 volume: r = 0.721, y = 0.503x + 11.3, syx +/- 15.3 ml; for EF: r = 0.909, y = 0.740x + 11.3, syx +/- 6.0%. Angio mean long axis was 10.2 +/- 1.2 cm, cross-sectional echocardiographic long axis 8.7 +/- 1.3 cm. Mean LV diameter determined by cineangiocardiography was longer than when determined by cross-sectional echocardiography. The mean difference reached 2.0 cm in the middle of the LV. Our prospective comparative study revealed that LV volumes and EF were underestimated by cross-sectional echocardiography compared to cineangiocardiography because of a methodological systematic error caused by a tangential cut of the heart. In the RAO-equivalent view the "true" long axis was missed. The high corrleation coefficients, however, indicate that the "true" LV volume and EF can be calculated from the given regression equation. Serial measurements should be legitimated.

title: Left ventricular volume and ejection fraction determination by cross-sectional echocardiography in @entity0 with XXXX : a prospective study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In a prospective study the accuracy of cross-sectional echocardiography for determination of left ventricular (LV) volume and ejection fraction (EF) was analyzed in 53 @entity0 with @entity2 and compared to that of cineangiocardiography (angio). From the apex of the heart phased-array wide-angle (84 degrees) electronic echocardiograms were received in the RAO-equivalent view. Angios were obtained in a 30 degree RAO view. Using Simpson's rule, end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic ( @entity4 ) LV volumes were calculated and the EF derived. @entity3 was transected in eight segments, yielding seven diameters. In 50 of the 53 @entity0 cross-sectional echocardiograms could be recorded. The correlation between cineangiocardiography and cross-sectional echocardiography for EDV was highly significant: r = 0.936, y = 0.667x + 27.1, standard error of estimate (syx) +/- 22.2 ml; for @entity4 : r = 0.970, y = 0.699x + 14.7, syx +/- 14.5 ml; for @entity1 volume: r = 0.721, y = 0.503x + 11.3, syx +/- 15.3 ml; for EF: r = 0.909, y = 0.740x + 11.3, syx +/- 6.0%. Angio mean long axis was 10.2 +/- 1.2 cm, cross-sectional echocardiographic long axis 8.7 +/- 1.3 cm. Mean LV diameter determined by cineangiocardiography was longer than when determined by cross-sectional echocardiography. The mean difference reached 2.0 cm in the middle of the LV. Our prospective comparative study revealed that LV volumes and EF were underestimated by cross-sectional echocardiography compared to cineangiocardiography because of a methodological systematic error caused by a tangential cut of the heart. In the RAO-equivalent view the "true" long axis was missed. The high corrleation coefficients, however, indicate that the "true" LV volume and EF can be calculated from the given regression equation. Serial measurements should be legitimated.

title: Left ventricular volume and ejection fraction determination by cross-sectional echocardiography in XXXX with @entity2 : a prospective study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Microstimulation of the cerebral motor cortex in normal adult @entity0 evokes low-threshold contralateral and high-threshold @entity4 . The present study examined the effects of hemicerebellar ablation at different postnatal ages on the current threshold values needed to evoke @entity3 by intracortical stimulation. Animals that @entity1 at various ages were electrophysiologically tested 4-6 months postoperatively. In all groups, including non-lesion control animals, @entity3 contralateral to the stimulating electrode were evoked at threshold values of 7-11 microA. Ipsilateral @entity3 for control animals as well as those @entity2 at 45 or 120 days of age showed significantly higher mean threshold current values, ranging from 38 to 45 microA. In contrast, the mean threshold current values for @entity4 in adult animals sustaining @entity1 at 2, 10 or 21 days of age were significantly lowered, ranging from 16 to 22 microA. Secondary lesions of spared cerebellar tissue or callosal fibers in adult animals that had sustained hemicerebellectomy at two days of age had no effect on the current intensities needed to evoke forelimb responses. In comparison, lesions of the cerebral cortex contralateral to the stimulated cortex increased the threshold for @entity4 and medullary pyramidal lesions ipsilateral to the stimulated cortex both reduced the number of responses and increased the threshold current intensities needed to evoke them. These data indicate that hemicerebellectomy within 3 weeks of age can induce electrophysiological alterations in the responses mediated by the corticospinal tract. These results support previous suggestions of the cerebral cortical involvement in compensation for @entity2 .

title: A study of XXXX evoked by intracortical microstimulation after hemicerebellectomy in newborn, young and adult @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Microstimulation of the cerebral motor cortex in normal adult @entity0 evokes low-threshold contralateral and high-threshold @entity4 . The present study examined the effects of hemicerebellar ablation at different postnatal ages on the current threshold values needed to evoke @entity3 by intracortical stimulation. Animals that @entity1 at various ages were electrophysiologically tested 4-6 months postoperatively. In all groups, including non-lesion control animals, @entity3 contralateral to the stimulating electrode were evoked at threshold values of 7-11 microA. Ipsilateral @entity3 for control animals as well as those @entity2 at 45 or 120 days of age showed significantly higher mean threshold current values, ranging from 38 to 45 microA. In contrast, the mean threshold current values for @entity4 in adult animals sustaining @entity1 at 2, 10 or 21 days of age were significantly lowered, ranging from 16 to 22 microA. Secondary lesions of spared cerebellar tissue or callosal fibers in adult animals that had sustained hemicerebellectomy at two days of age had no effect on the current intensities needed to evoke forelimb responses. In comparison, lesions of the cerebral cortex contralateral to the stimulated cortex increased the threshold for @entity4 and medullary pyramidal lesions ipsilateral to the stimulated cortex both reduced the number of responses and increased the threshold current intensities needed to evoke them. These data indicate that hemicerebellectomy within 3 weeks of age can induce electrophysiological alterations in the responses mediated by the corticospinal tract. These results support previous suggestions of the cerebral cortical involvement in compensation for @entity2 .

title: A study of @entity3 evoked by intracortical microstimulation after hemicerebellectomy in newborn, young and adult XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The present study was carried out to elucidate the influence of @entity4 on swallowing, a polysynaptic reflex organized by an interneuronal network localized mainly within the lateral solitary complex (LSC) of the medulla oblongata. The effects of catecholaminergic agents were investigated in the @entity0 , on rhythmic swallowing elicited by repetitive stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN). Catecholaminergic agents were microinjected by pressure application, through multibarrelled glass micropipettes, into the LSC including the tractus solitarius, the swallowing region of the nucleus of the solitary tract and the adjacent reticular formation. Microinjections of @entity2 (NA, 0.1-5 nmol, 50 nl) induced a significant decrease of the number and the amplitude of the rhythmic swallows elicited by stimulation of the ipsilateral SLN. This inhibitory effect was dose-related. Microinjections of @entity3 (2.5 nmol, 50 nl), @entity1 (0.25-2.5 nmol, 50 nl) and @entity6 (0.5 nmol, 50 nl), also inhibited swallowing. No significant modification of swallowing was induced by control injections of the vehicle (50 nl) within the active sites. Moreover the NA-induced inhibition of swallowing, was significantly antagonized by pretreatment with the alpha-adrenergic blocker @entity7 applied locally in the LSC. Furthermore neither blood pressure, nor respiratory rhythm were consistently modified by the catecholaminergic microinjections, indicating that the @entity5 -induced inhibition of swallowing was not a secondary side effect originating from alteration of these functions. It can therefore be concluded that the present results demonstrate the existence within the LSC of a catecholaminergic inhibition of the swallowing reflex. This inhibitory effect likely arises from activation of specific catecholaminergic receptors and affects the swallowing structures localized within the LSC, i.e., the laryngeal swallowing afferents running in the solitary tract and/or the swallowing interneurons within the nucleus of the solitary tract.

title: Effect of XXXX on the swallowing reflex after pressure microinjections into the lateral solitary complex of the medulla oblongata.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transcatheter @entity2 (TAVI) is the recommended therapy for @entity0 with severe @entity1 at increased surgical risk and likely to derive benefit. Multimodality and multidisciplinary assessment is required for the heart team to determine eligibility for TAVI in a primarily older population. Little is known about @entity0 ' motivation and perspectives on making the decision to undergo the complex assessment. AIMS: To explore factors influencing @entity0 ' decision making to undergo TAVI eligibility assessment to inform practice, programme development, health policy and future research. METHODS: An exploratory qualitative approach was used. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 @entity0 at the time of their referral for assessment to a quaternary cardiac and high volume TAVI centre. RESULTS: Multiple, intersecting factors that included biomedical, functional, social and environmental considerations influenced @entity0 ' decision. The six distinct factors were symptom burden, @entity0 ' perception as 'experienced' @entity0 , expectations of benefit and risks, healthcare system and informal support, logistical barriers and facilitators, and obligations and responsibilities. CONCLUSIONS: The decision to undergo TAVI eligibility assessment is multifaceted and complex. Programmatic processes of care must be in place to facilitate appropriate and @entity0 -centered decision making and access to TAVI. Strategies are required to mitigate the risks associated with the rapid deterioration of severe @entity1 , address @entity0 and referring physicians' education needs, and provide individualised care and equitable access. Future research must focus on @entity0 ' experiences throughout the trajectory of TAVI care.

title: Factors influencing the decision of older adults to be assessed for transcatheter XXXX : An exploratory study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been introduced as a novel endoscopic treatment for @entity2 . The aim of this work is to assess the changes in esophageal motility caused by POEM in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Forty-one @entity0 with @entity2 underwent POEM from September 2012 to November 2014. Esophageal motility of all @entity0 was evaluated preoperatively and 1  month after POEM utilizing high-resolution manometry, which was performed with ten water swallows, ten steamed bread swallows, and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). RESULTS: In single swallows, including liquid swallows and bread swallows, all the parameters of lower esophagus sphincter resting pressure (LESP), 4-s integrated relaxation pressure (4 @entity3 ), and intra-bolus pressure (IBP) were decreased between pre- and post-POEM @entity0 (all p  <  0.05). Postoperatively, the trend of distal contractile integral (DCI) and distal esophageal peristaltic amplitude declined in subtype II and subtype III (subtype II: p  <  0.05; subtype III: p  >  0.05), but increased in subtype I (subtype I: p  >  0.05). In liquid swallows, the Eckardt score of subtype II @entity0 decreased with DCI, and distal esophageal peristaltic amplitude after POEM was significantly lower compared with those showing increased values of those two parameters (p  <  0.05). In @entity1 , the rate of LES relaxation increased from 66.67 to 95.24  %, but without normal response in all @entity2 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: POEM reduces LES pressure in @entity2 , and partly restores esophageal motility. POEM displayed varying effect on esophageal motility in @entity0 with different patterns of swallowing. In addition, the changes in parameters associated with esophageal peristalsis correlated with decreases in Eckardt score.

title: Esophageal motility after peroral endoscopic myotomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although clinical practice guidelines for the management of @entity3 exist in Canada, the rate of contemporary blood pressure (BP) control remains unclear. METHODS: In the Primary Care Audit of Global Risk Management (PARADIGM) study, 3015 healthy, middle-aged Canadians, free of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or @entity1 were evaluated. In this analysis, we characterized the @entity2 risk factors, treatment patterns, and BP control rates in subjects with uncomplicated @entity3 . RESULTS: A total of 917 subjects (30.4%) had a diagnosis of @entity3 . The median age was 59    8 years. The mean treated systolic/diastolic BP were 134    14 mm Hg/82    9 mm Hg, respectively. @entity2 risk factors included past/current smoking (35.9%), @entity5 (62.5%), and @entity6 (59.4%). Using the Framingham Risk Score, 20.4%, 41.0%, and 38.5% of the subjects were at low, intermediate, and high risk, respectively. Of the 88% with treated @entity3 , 46.9%, 38.7%, and 14.3% received 1, 2, or >= 3 drugs, respectively. The rate of BP control was 57.4% (systolic BP < 140 and diastolic BP < 90 mm Hg). The rate of BP control was lower in @entity0 prescribed diuretic monotherapy (53.2%) vs those who received @entity7 converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker monotherapy (66.5%; P < 0.01). Importantly, BP control deteriorated with increasing Framingham Risk Score, and was lower in @entity0 with @entity4 vs those without (P < 0.00001 for both). CONCLUSIONS: PARADIGM demonstrated that @entity2 risk factors are prevalent in Canadians with uncomplicated @entity3 . BP control was modest (57.4%) and was lowest in @entity0 prescribed diuretic monotherapy and in those at highest @entity2 risk. Despite the success of national @entity3 strategies, enhanced efforts are warranted to improve BP control in Canada.

title: Contemporary Management and Control of Uncomplicated XXXX in Canada: Insight From the Primary Care Audit of Global Risk Management (PARADIGM) Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) frequently occur in the same individual pointing to a strong shared genetic susceptibility. Indeed, the co-occurrence of @entity2 and @entity1 in the same individual is classified as a variant of the @entity6 type 3 (designated APS3v). Our aim was to identify new genes and mechanisms causing the co-occurrence of @entity2 + @entity1 (APS3v) in the same individual using a genome-wide approach. For our discovery set we analyzed 346 Caucasian APS3v @entity0 and 727 gender and ethnicity matched healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using the Illumina Human660W-Quad.v1. The replication set included 185 APS3v @entity0 and 340 controls. Association analyses were performed using the PLINK program, and pathway analyses were performed using the MAGENTA software. We identified multiple signals within the HLA region and conditioning studies suggested that a few of them contributed independently to the strong association of the HLA locus with APS3v. Outside the HLA region, variants in @entity7 , a gene not suggested by previous studies of APS3v, @entity2 , or @entity1 , showed genome-wide significance (p < 5 * 10(-8)). In addition, a locus on 1p13 containing the @entity5 gene showed genome-wide significant associations. Pathway analysis demonstrated that cell cycle, B-cell development, @entity3 , and @entity4 signaling were the major pathways contributing to the pathogenesis of APS3v. These findings suggest that complex mechanisms involving T-cell and B-cell pathways are involved in the strong genetic association between @entity1 and @entity2 .

title: Genome wide identification of new genes and pathways in XXXX with both autoimmune thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Capacitive radiofrequency (RF) @entity1 suffers from excessive temperature rise near the electrodes and poorly localized heat transfer to the deep-seated @entity0 region even though it is known to have potential to cure ill-conditioned @entity0 . To better localize heat transfer to the deep-seated target region in which electrical conductivity is elevated by nanoparticle mediation, two-channel capacitive RF heating has been tried on a phantom. METHODS: We made a tissue-mimicking phantom consisting of two compartments, a @entity0 -tissue-mimicking insert against uniform background agarose. The @entity0 -tissue-mimicking insert was made to have higher electrical conductivity than the normal-tissue-mimicking background by applying magnetic nanoparticle suspension to the insert. Two electrode pairs were attached on the phantom surface by equal-angle separation to apply RF electric field to the phantom. To better localize heat transfer to the @entity0 -tissue-mimicking insert, RF power with a frequency of 26  MHz was delivered to the two channels in a time-multiplexed way. To monitor the temperature rise inside the phantom, MR thermometry was performed at a 3T MRI intermittently during the RF heating. Finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) electromagnetic and thermal simulations on the phantom model were also performed to verify the experimental results. RESULTS: As compared to the one-channel RF heating, the two-channel RF heating with time-multiplexed driving improved the spatial localization of heat transfer to the @entity0 -tissue-mimicking region in both the simulation and experiment. The two-channel RF heating also reduced the temperature rise near the electrodes significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Time-multiplexed two-channel capacitive RF heating has the capability to better localize heat transfer to the nanoparticle-mediated @entity0 region which has higher electrical conductivity than the background normal tissues.

title: Time-multiplexed two-channel capacitive radiofrequency XXXX with nanoparticle mediation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of brick tea-type @entity4 is high in Tibet because of the habit of drinking brick tea in this region. Brick tea-type @entity4 has become an urgent public health problem in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate prevalence of brick tea-type @entity4 in all districts of Tibet using a stratified cluster sampling method. @entity4 in @entity0 aged 8-12 years and @entity1 in adults were diagnosed according to the national criteria. A total of 423 @entity0 and 1320 adults participated in the study. Samples of drinking water, brick tea, brick tea infusion (or buttered tea), and urine were collected and measured for @entity3 concentrations by the @entity3 ion selective electrode method. RESULTS: The @entity3 level in all but one of the brick tea samples was above the national standard. The average daily @entity3 intake from drinking brick tea in all seven districts in Tibet was much higher than the national standard. The prevalence of dental @entity4 was 33.57%, and the prevalence of @entity1 was 46.06%. The average daily @entity3 intake from drinking brick tea (r = 0.292, P < 0.05), urine @entity3 concentrations in @entity0 (r = 0.134, P < 0.05), urine @entity3 concentrations in adults (r = 0.162, P < 0.05), and altitude (r = 0.276, P < 0.05) were positively correlated with the prevalence of brick tea-type @entity4 . Herdsmen had the highest @entity3 exposure and the most severe @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Brick tea-type @entity4 in Tibet is more serious than in other parts of China. The altitude and occupational factors are important risk factors for brick tea-type @entity4 .

title: Prevalence of Brick Tea-Type XXXX in the Tibet Autonomous Region.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: In 2011, we demonstrated that an individualized health management system employing advanced medical information technology, designated ubiquitous (u)-healthcare, was helpful in achieving glycemic control without @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity1 . Following this, we generated a new multidisciplinary u-healthcare system by upgrading our clinical decision support system (CDSS) rule engine and integrating a physical activity-monitoring device and dietary feedback into a comprehensive package. METHODS: In a randomized, controlled clinical trial, @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 aged over 60  years were assigned randomly to a self-monitored blood @entity3 (SMBG) group (N  =  50) or u-healthcare group (N  =  50) for 6  months. The primary endpoint was the proportion of @entity0 achieving glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <7  % without @entity5 . Changes in body composition and lipid profiles were also investigated. The u-healthcare group was educated to use a specially designed glucometer and an activity monitor that automatically transferred test results to a hospital-based server. An automated CDSS rule engine generated and sent @entity0 -specific messages about @entity3 , diet, and physical activity to their mobile phones and a Web site. RESULTS: After 6  months of follow-up, the HbA1c level was significantly decreased in the u-healthcare group [8.0      0.7  % (64.2      8.8  mmol/mol) to 7.3      0.9  % (56.7      9.9  mmol/mol)] compared with the SMBG group [8.1      0.8  % (64.9      9.1  mmol/mol) to 7.9      1.2  % (63.2      12.3  mmol/mol)] (P  <  0.01). The proportion of @entity0 with @entity4 c  <  7  % without @entity5 was greater in the u-healthcare group (26  %) than in the SMBG group (12  %; P  <  0.05). Body fat mass decreased and lipid profiles improved in the u-healthcare group but not in the SMBG group. CONCLUSION: This u-healthcare service provided effective management for older @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 (ClinicalTrial.Gov: NCT01137058).

title: Multifactorial intervention in @entity1 care using real-time monitoring and tailored feedback in XXXX 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: In 2011, we demonstrated that an individualized health management system employing advanced medical information technology, designated ubiquitous (u)-healthcare, was helpful in achieving glycemic control without @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity1 . Following this, we generated a new multidisciplinary u-healthcare system by upgrading our clinical decision support system (CDSS) rule engine and integrating a physical activity-monitoring device and dietary feedback into a comprehensive package. METHODS: In a randomized, controlled clinical trial, @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 aged over 60  years were assigned randomly to a self-monitored blood @entity3 (SMBG) group (N  =  50) or u-healthcare group (N  =  50) for 6  months. The primary endpoint was the proportion of @entity0 achieving glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <7  % without @entity5 . Changes in body composition and lipid profiles were also investigated. The u-healthcare group was educated to use a specially designed glucometer and an activity monitor that automatically transferred test results to a hospital-based server. An automated CDSS rule engine generated and sent @entity0 -specific messages about @entity3 , diet, and physical activity to their mobile phones and a Web site. RESULTS: After 6  months of follow-up, the HbA1c level was significantly decreased in the u-healthcare group [8.0      0.7  % (64.2      8.8  mmol/mol) to 7.3      0.9  % (56.7      9.9  mmol/mol)] compared with the SMBG group [8.1      0.8  % (64.9      9.1  mmol/mol) to 7.9      1.2  % (63.2      12.3  mmol/mol)] (P  <  0.01). The proportion of @entity0 with @entity4 c  <  7  % without @entity5 was greater in the u-healthcare group (26  %) than in the SMBG group (12  %; P  <  0.05). Body fat mass decreased and lipid profiles improved in the u-healthcare group but not in the SMBG group. CONCLUSION: This u-healthcare service provided effective management for older @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 (ClinicalTrial.Gov: NCT01137058).

title: Multifactorial intervention in XXXX care using real-time monitoring and tailored feedback in @entity2 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity1