abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 ' preferences and expectations should be taken into account in treatment decision making in the last phase of life. Shared decision making (SDM) is regarded as a way to give the @entity0 a central role in decision making. Little is known about how SDM is used in clinical practice in @entity1 care. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether and how the steps of SDM can be recognized in decision making about second- and third-line chemotherapy. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 @entity0 were followed over time using face-to-face in-depth interviews and observations of the @entity0 ' out-clinic visits. Interviews and outpatient clinic visits in which treatment options were discussed or decisions made were transcribed verbatim and analysed using open coding. RESULTS: @entity0 were satisfied with the decision-making process, but the steps of SDM were barely seen in daily practice. The creation of awareness about available treatment options by physicians was limited and not discussed in an equal way. @entity0 ' wishes and concerns were not explicitly assessed, which led to different expectations about improved survival from subsequent lines of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: To reach SDM in daily practice, physicians should create awareness of all treatment options, including forgoing treatment, and communicate the risk of benefit and harm. Open and honest communication is needed in which @entity0 ' expectations and concerns are discussed. Through this, the difficult process of decision making in the last phase of life can be facilitated and the focus on the best care for the specific @entity0 is strengthened.

title: Challenges in shared decision making in XXXX care: a qualitative longitudinal observational and interview study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is one of the leading causes of @entity1 and disability. Given the constraint in the provision of care, there is a need to develop and assess effectiveness of new treatment models. The objective was to compare satisfaction with and effectiveness of a new integrated multidisciplinary outpatient program with usual care in an outpatient clinic for @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 with clinical @entity2 referred to a rheumatology outpatient clinic were randomized to a 3.5-h multidisciplinary group-based educational program followed by individual consultations, or to usual care. The primary outcome was satisfaction with the health service evaluated on a numerical rating scale (0 = extremely unsatisfied, 10 = extremely satisfied) after 4 months. Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life measures. RESULTS: Of 391 @entity0 , 86.4% (n = 338) were @entity0 , and mean age was 61.2 (SD 8.0) years. At 4 months, @entity0 who received integrated multidisciplinary care were significantly more satisfied with the health service compared with controls, with a mean difference of -1.05 (95% CI -1.68 to -0.43, p < 0.001). Among secondary outcomes, only self-efficacy with other symptoms scale (10-100) improved significantly in the multidisciplinary group compared with controls at 4 months (3.59, 95% CI 0.69-6.5, p = 0.02). At 12 months, the Australian/Canadian @entity2 Index @entity1 (0-10) were slightly worse in the multidisciplinary group with differences of 0.38 (95% CI 0.06-0.71, p = 0.02) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.02-1.07, p = 0.04), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity0 receiving an integrated multidisciplinary care model were more satisfied with healthcare than those receiving usual care, whereas there were no clinically relevant improvements in health outcomes.

title: Effectiveness of an Integrated XXXX Outpatient Program versus Outpatient Clinic as Usual: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We investigated the efficacy and safety of @entity7 given intravenously for the treatment of @entity2 in @entity0 . @entity0 received one to three bolus injections of @entity7 (0.15 to 0.40 mg/kg) until @entity5 disappeared completely. In other @entity0 , continuous infusion of @entity7 (0.06 to 0.48 mg/kg/hr) followed a bolus of @entity7 or other anti- @entity4 agents. The dose was increased every 15 minutes until the @entity5 were brought under control. The etiology of 62 episodes of @entity2 was @entity4 in 43, acute @entity1 / @entity3 in 11, @entity5 in 7 and hypoxic @entity1 in 1. The age of the @entity0 ranged from 0.2 to 18.4 years (average: 3.7 years). Bolus injections were administered in 53 episodes. The average loading dose was 0.35 +/- 0.22 mg/kg (range 0.15 to 0.90 mg/kg). Of the 42 episodes in which @entity5 disappeared, 13 required no further continuous infusions. Of the remaining 29 in which continuous infusion was done at the rate of 0.06 to 0.60 mg/kg/hr (mean 0.30 mg/kg/hr), 21 ended in cessation of the @entity5 . The duration of continuous infusions ranged from 4 to 288 hours (average 49.0 hours). In 6 episodes there were adverse effects:transient @entity6 (5) and @entity8 during withdrawal (1). No intervention was needed except oxygenation by mask for less than 72 hours. @entity7 is effective and safe, and can be used as the first line drug in the treatment of @entity2 in @entity0 .

title: [ @entity7 treatment for XXXX of @entity0 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: We investigated the efficacy and safety of @entity7 given intravenously for the treatment of @entity2 in @entity0 . @entity0 received one to three bolus injections of @entity7 (0.15 to 0.40 mg/kg) until @entity5 disappeared completely. In other @entity0 , continuous infusion of @entity7 (0.06 to 0.48 mg/kg/hr) followed a bolus of @entity7 or other anti- @entity4 agents. The dose was increased every 15 minutes until the @entity5 were brought under control. The etiology of 62 episodes of @entity2 was @entity4 in 43, acute @entity1 / @entity3 in 11, @entity5 in 7 and hypoxic @entity1 in 1. The age of the @entity0 ranged from 0.2 to 18.4 years (average: 3.7 years). Bolus injections were administered in 53 episodes. The average loading dose was 0.35 +/- 0.22 mg/kg (range 0.15 to 0.90 mg/kg). Of the 42 episodes in which @entity5 disappeared, 13 required no further continuous infusions. Of the remaining 29 in which continuous infusion was done at the rate of 0.06 to 0.60 mg/kg/hr (mean 0.30 mg/kg/hr), 21 ended in cessation of the @entity5 . The duration of continuous infusions ranged from 4 to 288 hours (average 49.0 hours). In 6 episodes there were adverse effects:transient @entity6 (5) and @entity8 during withdrawal (1). No intervention was needed except oxygenation by mask for less than 72 hours. @entity7 is effective and safe, and can be used as the first line drug in the treatment of @entity2 in @entity0 .

title: [ XXXX treatment for @entity2 of @entity0 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: We investigated the efficacy and safety of @entity7 given intravenously for the treatment of @entity2 in @entity0 . @entity0 received one to three bolus injections of @entity7 (0.15 to 0.40 mg/kg) until @entity5 disappeared completely. In other @entity0 , continuous infusion of @entity7 (0.06 to 0.48 mg/kg/hr) followed a bolus of @entity7 or other anti- @entity4 agents. The dose was increased every 15 minutes until the @entity5 were brought under control. The etiology of 62 episodes of @entity2 was @entity4 in 43, acute @entity1 / @entity3 in 11, @entity5 in 7 and hypoxic @entity1 in 1. The age of the @entity0 ranged from 0.2 to 18.4 years (average: 3.7 years). Bolus injections were administered in 53 episodes. The average loading dose was 0.35 +/- 0.22 mg/kg (range 0.15 to 0.90 mg/kg). Of the 42 episodes in which @entity5 disappeared, 13 required no further continuous infusions. Of the remaining 29 in which continuous infusion was done at the rate of 0.06 to 0.60 mg/kg/hr (mean 0.30 mg/kg/hr), 21 ended in cessation of the @entity5 . The duration of continuous infusions ranged from 4 to 288 hours (average 49.0 hours). In 6 episodes there were adverse effects:transient @entity6 (5) and @entity8 during withdrawal (1). No intervention was needed except oxygenation by mask for less than 72 hours. @entity7 is effective and safe, and can be used as the first line drug in the treatment of @entity2 in @entity0 .

title: [ @entity7 treatment for @entity2 of XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent retrospective studies suggest that the time to debridement of open tibia @entity2 is not a major determinant of outcome. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the modifiable independent predictors of poor outcomes. METHODS: A 36-month prospective observational study ending in December 2009 was performed on consecutive open tibia shaft @entity2 @entity0 (age >18 years) admitted to a Level 1 @entity1 center. Demographics, mechanism, Injury Severity Score, @entity2 type/grade, local contamination, time to debridement, time to antibiotics, and interventions were prospectively recorded. Outcome measures were as follows: length of stay, @entity3 , secondary procedures, and presence of union at 6 months and 12 months. Univariate, multivariate, and logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Eighty-nine consecutive @entity0 (74% male, age 41 years  17 years, Injury Severity Score 15  3, and 37% multiple injured) met inclusion criteria. The mean time to surgical debridement and operative stabilization was 8 hours  4 hours (48% within 6 hours). The average length of stay was 21 days  13 days. Fifteen @entity0 (17%) had @entity3 and 5 (6%) required amputation (1 acute and 4 late because of the @entity3 ). The 6-month and 12-month union rates were 39% and 67%, respectively. Fifty-six @entity0 (63%) required further procedures (a total of 312). The multivariate regression model (18 variables) showed no independent significant predictors for @entity3 or nonunion at 6 months and 12 months ( @entity4 and smoking were closest to reach significance, p=0.08). CONCLUSION: Timely management of open tibia @entity2 (mean, 8 hours) eliminates time to debridement and contamination as predictors of poor outcome. @entity0 factors and local and @entity1 severity determine the outcomes. Aiming for the earliest safe time to debridement minimizes the negative effects of modifiable factors on the outcome.

title: Open tibia XXXX : timely debridement leaves injury severity as the only determinant of poor outcome.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Point-of-care HbA1c screening devices are a valuable tool that community pharmacists can use to monitor @entity0 with @entity1 and improve their overall management. We previously reported our experiences using these devices to assess glycaemic control in @entity1 @entity0 at three community pharmacy locations in Toronto, Ontario. Here, we report data from screening of over 1000 @entity0 at clinics held across Canada. METHODS: Community pharmacies across Canada offering A1c screening as part of their professional programmes were invited to upload screening data to a central database. A1c analysis was performed using the Bayer A1c Now. @entity0 recruitment and approach to A1c screening were at the discretion of the participating pharmacies and were not standardized. Data collection took place over a period of 8 months. KEY FINDINGS: The majority of @entity0 screened (59.1%) had A1c values above target, indicating inadequate glycaemic control. Glycaemic control was generally poorer among @entity0 on more intensive treatment regimens. A total of 1711 clinical interventions were performed by pharmacists. An average of two interventions were performed per @entity0 , and we observed a trend towards increased numbers of interventions in @entity0 with poorer glycaemic control. The prevalence of specific types of interventions showed an apparent shift from predominantly pharmacist-directed interventions in @entity0 with better glycaemic control towards an increased prevalence of physician-directed interventions in @entity0 with poorer glycaemic control. CONCLUSIONS: These results illustrate the prevalence of suboptimal glycaemic control among @entity1 @entity0 in the community, which represents a significant opportunity for pharmacists to use point-of-care screening to detect hyperglycaemia and intervene to improve disease management when warranted.

title: Community pharmacy-based A1c screening: a Canadian model for XXXX care.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Corticosteroid treatment of the fetus, which accelerates lung maturation, may mimic a modulating role of endogenous corticoids in normal development. To investigate this question, we determined the developmental pattern of plasma corticoids and their binding proteins in the @entity0 , a commonly used species for studies of lung differentiation. The concentration of @entity1 , the most potent glucocorticoid in the @entity0 , was maximal at 23 days gestation (1.89 micrograms/dl), declining to 0.54 micrograms/dl at term (31 days). Levels of plasma @entity2 were always lower than those of @entity1 . The adrenal content of corticoids, expressed per adrenal DNA or g BW, decreased during late gestation. Corticosteroid-binding globulin in fetal plasma decreased strikingly between day 23 (36 micrograms @entity1 bound/dl) and day 31 (4.4 micrograms/dl; P less than 0.001), whereas maternal levels increased about 10-fold during this time. Free @entity1 in the fetus increased between 21 and 23 days (0.041 micrograms/dl) and then decreased somewhat until after day 29 when there was an increase. To examine more directly the influence of endogenous glucocorticoids in the fetal lung, we assayed @entity1 in extracts of purified lung nuclei as a reflection of receptor- @entity1 complexes. The nuclear content of @entity1 was constant between 23 and 30 days at levels (0.056-0.074 ng/mg DNA) comparable to those predicted from data for plasma free @entity1 . Thus, in the @entity0 , increases in plasma @entity1 and nuclear receptor- @entity1 complex are not temporally associated with the major events of lung development as in other species. We speculate that endogenous glucocorticoids may have a permissive or delayed influence on the lung during normal development in the @entity0 .

title: Endogenous corticoids and lung development in the fetal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although widely used, the effects of @entity2 "bursts" on the @entity6 , especially with long-term, concomitant topical @entity4 use, have not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of a @entity3 burst, long-term intranasal @entity4 , and inhaled @entity7 on the suppression and recovery of adrenal function. METHODS: Adult @entity0 taking long-term intranasal @entity4 , either moderate-dose (440 microg/d) or high-dose (880 microg/d) inhaled @entity7 , underwent a low-dose @entity8 stimulation test (LDCST) before and 2 days after a @entity3 burst. Suppressed adrenal responses were monitored with a weekly LDCST. Persistent abnormal LDCST results were confirmed by 8-hour cosyntropin infusion. Inhaled @entity7 dosages were decreased; adrenal recovery was evaluated by a monthly LDCST. Adverse effects of @entity4 were monitored by questionnaires. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity0 participated in the study. Three of 31 @entity0 not taking inhaled @entity4 and 1 of 13 @entity0 taking moderate-dose @entity7 had abnormal LDCST results on day 2 after the @entity3 burst, which normalized by the second week. In the high-dose @entity7 group, 14 of 19 @entity0 had suppressed LDCST responses on day 2 and adrenal function recovered in 10 of 19 @entity0 by the fourth week. These @entity0 complained significantly of decreased libido (P = 0.02), listlessness (P = 0.03), and @entity5 (P = 0.05). High-dose @entity7 (r = 0.66, P < 0.001) and duration of use (r = 0.32, P = 0.01) were statistically correlated with @entity1 . Of the 4 @entity0 with persistent @entity1 , 3 @entity0 successfully reduced dosages of inhaled @entity7 and adrenal function recovered in 2 to 10 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 bursts induce brief @entity1 . Intranasal @entity4 and moderate-dose @entity7 had no effect on adrenal function. High-dose, inhaled @entity7 caused mild-to-significant adrenal suppression and delayed the recovery after a @entity2 burst. Avoiding or limiting the duration of high-dose inhaled @entity4 would minimize systemic adverse effects.

title: The effect of a @entity2 "burst" and long-term, inhaled XXXX on adrenal reserve.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although widely used, the effects of @entity2 "bursts" on the @entity6 , especially with long-term, concomitant topical @entity4 use, have not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of a @entity3 burst, long-term intranasal @entity4 , and inhaled @entity7 on the suppression and recovery of adrenal function. METHODS: Adult @entity0 taking long-term intranasal @entity4 , either moderate-dose (440 microg/d) or high-dose (880 microg/d) inhaled @entity7 , underwent a low-dose @entity8 stimulation test (LDCST) before and 2 days after a @entity3 burst. Suppressed adrenal responses were monitored with a weekly LDCST. Persistent abnormal LDCST results were confirmed by 8-hour cosyntropin infusion. Inhaled @entity7 dosages were decreased; adrenal recovery was evaluated by a monthly LDCST. Adverse effects of @entity4 were monitored by questionnaires. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity0 participated in the study. Three of 31 @entity0 not taking inhaled @entity4 and 1 of 13 @entity0 taking moderate-dose @entity7 had abnormal LDCST results on day 2 after the @entity3 burst, which normalized by the second week. In the high-dose @entity7 group, 14 of 19 @entity0 had suppressed LDCST responses on day 2 and adrenal function recovered in 10 of 19 @entity0 by the fourth week. These @entity0 complained significantly of decreased libido (P = 0.02), listlessness (P = 0.03), and @entity5 (P = 0.05). High-dose @entity7 (r = 0.66, P < 0.001) and duration of use (r = 0.32, P = 0.01) were statistically correlated with @entity1 . Of the 4 @entity0 with persistent @entity1 , 3 @entity0 successfully reduced dosages of inhaled @entity7 and adrenal function recovered in 2 to 10 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 bursts induce brief @entity1 . Intranasal @entity4 and moderate-dose @entity7 had no effect on adrenal function. High-dose, inhaled @entity7 caused mild-to-significant adrenal suppression and delayed the recovery after a @entity2 burst. Avoiding or limiting the duration of high-dose inhaled @entity4 would minimize systemic adverse effects.

title: The effect of a XXXX "burst" and long-term, inhaled @entity7 on adrenal reserve.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study investigated the clinical efficacy of a bonded resin composite restoration with and without cuspal coverage for the treatment of @entity1 , cracked teeth. @entity0 in a private dental practice who presented with complaints were selected. Inclusion criteria were sensitivity to cold, biting and a clinically-visible crack after removal of the existing restoration. All 40 teeth were restored with a three-step total etch system ( @entity2 /Clearfil SA primer/PhotoBond), 20 with cuspal coverage and 20 without. @entity0 were interviewed at one week, five weeks and six months regarding the presence of @entity1 . In addition, the teeth were clinically examined after six months to reveal any sensitivity. At one week, @entity0 reported that 12 teeth (30%) were free of @entity1 and 28 teeth (70%) still had symptoms. At five weeks, @entity0 reported that 25 teeth (62.5%) were free of @entity1 and 13 teeth (32.5%) still had symptoms. Two teeth (5%) needed endodontic treatment after two and five weeks. At six months, @entity0 reported that 30 teeth (75%) were functioning without any complaints. Upon clinical examination, only 20 teeth (50%) were free of symptoms. No statistically significant difference between the results of the teeth treated with and without cuspal coverage could be shown (Fischer's exact test at p<0.05).

title: The effectiveness of bonded composite restorations in the treatment of XXXX , cracked teeth: six-month clinical evaluation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Because @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is an @entity11 , recognition is not always prompt. Consequently delays can allow a serious but curable @entity4 to become irreparably damaging or even fatal. This condition, particularly in the early stages, is relatively easy to treat. Personal experience with six @entity0 during the past 3 years promoted us to review the data from UCLA and its affiliated hospitals. Among the 23 cases of @entity10 reviewed, the predisposing factor in 16 was @entity6 , @entity8 , or @entity9 media. The clinical presentation, encompassing a systemic @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity2 , was monotonously uniform. The high incidence of paranasal sinus involvement in the adult, @entity7 in @entity0 , and @entity5 in 15 @entity0 comprised further clinical clues suggesting the diagnosis. Although usually diagnosed as an intracranial inflammatory process, an initial failure to suspect a purulent collection in the subdural compartment was typical. Although the findings of definitive diagnostic studies (computed tomography or angiography) are strikingly positive in advanced cases, in the earlier stages of this disorder they may be subtly abnormal. Because the mortality and morbidity rates, in some measure, depend on the stage at which the process is arrested, the real challenge lies in making a prompt diagnosis. The most favorable results are associated with early, decisive surgical treatment.

title: XXXX --importance of early diagnosis.

answer: @entity10


abstract: A reduced adaptation rate of the myocardium must, in many cases, be made responsible for @entity4 of old @entity0 . The present investigations are aimed towards the question whether heart in old age is accompanied by a loss of myocardial cells and whether a polyploidisation of @entity8 takes place thus indicating an adaptive process. A total of 40 @entity0 hearts obtained from autopsy material were studied, among them 30 geriatric hearts. Following preparation of the hearts, the myocardium was weighed and the total amount of DNA was determined biochemically. By means of Feulgen cytophotometry the ploidy levels of the heart muscle nuclei were detected. We have used a special method for estimating the total number of @entity8 and connective tissue cells in the individual hearts. It could be shown that the total amount of DNA in the myocardium is correlated with the myocardial weight and not with the age of the individual. Instead, DNA synthesis occurs in the @entity8 of all age groups depending on the functional activity of the heart. The degree of polyploidisation is closely correlated with @entity6 without any influence of age. In @entity5 hearts the number of connective tissue cells increases from normally 4 to 5 X 10(9) to 12 X 10(9) (in hearts weighing more than 700 g); in hearts with @entity1 these values are even higher. In normal hearts 1.8 to 2.1 X 10(9) @entity8 can be estimated; in hearts weighing more than 500 g numerical @entity7 of the @entity8 is produced, reaching a maximum number of 4.8 X 10(9) muscle cells in excessively @entity5 hearts weighing more than 800 g. No correlation between age and myocardial cell number (i.e. @entity8 or connective tissue cells) could be observed. This means that no agespecific changes occur in the myocardium with regard to the DNA content and cell number. The structural changes found in the hearts of old individuals are produced by extracardial influences (i.e. @entity9 , @entity2 , etc.) leading to @entity6 . Polyploidisation and augmentation of @entity8 in @entity6 or decrease in the number of @entity8 in heart @entity3 may occur at any time of life and are not age-specific.

title: Myocardial DNA content, ploidy level and cell number in geriatric hearts: post-mortem examinations of XXXX myocardium in old age.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the objective examination of aortic histology, each position observed in a sample can be classed as having or not having atheronecrosis, and each aorta can be scored as affected in a measured percentage of the sample. Positions not having @entity1 can be measured for intimal thickness and the mean of those measurements is an estimate of the quantity of intimal @entity3 . Both atheronecrosis and @entity3 , measured in these ways, increase with age. Within age groups these two variables are correlated with each other. By multivariate statistical methods, independent variation of the two variables among populations was assessed. Populations compared were from Bogota, Durban (Bantu and Indian), Manila, Mexico, New Orleans (Negro and White) and Sao Paulo. Manila ranked highest on the quantity of @entity3 and Durban Bantu lowest. Sao Paulo ranked highest on the extent of atheronecrosis and New Orleans Negro was lowest. The two variables assorted among the eight populations independently of each other to a large degree, suggesting that @entity3 and atheronecrosis are at least in part subject to separate and independent causes. The numbers of smooth muscle cells and the extent of foam cell infiltration did not differ significantly between @entity2 related and basal cause of death groups. These cellularity measures were, with minor exceptions, not significantly different among populations, suggesting that they are inherent @entity0 characteristics largely unaffected by environmental circumstances.

title: Histometric components of XXXX which vary or remain constant among eight populations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A novel stimulant of gastric acid secretion was extracted and purified from the non-antral gastric mucosa of the @entity2 stomach and some of its biological properties were examined. Tissue was boiled in water and extracted in 2% @entity6 . The stimulatory activity was purified by a combination of reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gel filtration. Fractions were assayed for a stimulation of basal, @entity7 - and @entity1 -stimulated gastric acid secretion in the anaesthetized @entity0 . Stimulatory activity was eluted from reverse-phase HPLC columns with @entity4 and its elution from Sephadex G-10 and G-50 columns suggested a molecular weight of 1,000 to 3,000. The highly purified extracts enhanced basal, @entity7 - and @entity1 -stimulated acid secretion in the @entity0 . A stimulatory fraction was purified which was devoid of immunoreactive @entity8 and @entity9 and contained only small amounts of @entity1 . Its chromatographic properties differed from those of @entity1 and @entity3 . On two occasions the stimulant was purified to homogeneity and found to contain @entity5 . Insufficient pure material was obtained for full characterization. The stimulant has been tentatively called oxyntin.

title: Partial purification of a novel stimulant of gastric acid secretion from XXXX non-antral mucosa.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastric leaks and @entity1 are the most important complications after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The use of absorbable membranes as staple line reinforcement may decrease this risk. On the other hand, these materials bring additional costs and their economic impact is not well known. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and economic performance of one of the commercially available buttressing absorbable materials when treating a high-risk population. METHODS: A retrospective, observational, and comparative study was conducted at Montpellier University Hospital, France, between July 2013 and September 2014. @entity0 undergoing LSG, who were at a high risk for leaks and @entity1 , were included and treated according to two groups: no buttressing (July 2013 to January 2014) and buttressing (February 2014 to September 2014). Clinical and economic outcomes were measured throughout the first 6  months. RESULTS: Two hundred two @entity0 were included in the study: 116 during the no stapling reinforcement period and 86 during the buttressing period. Baseline characteristics were similar. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding gastric leaks. However, buttressing @entity2 (0 vs 8.6  %, p   =   0.005) and decreased average total hospital costs for the first hospitalization (5768 vs 6025    , p   <   0.001), as well as 6-month total inpatient cost (5944 vs. 6246    , p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Staple line reinforcement with absorbable material reduces @entity1 in high-risk population. Therefore, this type of material can also result in cost-savings.

title: Clinical and Economic Evaluation of Absorbable Staple Line Buttressing in Sleeve Gastrectomy in High-Risk XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Seasonality in @entity2 ) vaccination could have a large impact on national @entity0 prevention efforts. We hypothesized that uptake of HPV vaccine and other adolescent vaccines in the United States would be highest in the summer. METHODS: Data came from health care provider-verified vaccination records for 70,144 adolescents (ages 13-17 years) from the 2008 to 2012 versions of the National Immunization Survey-Teen. Using the Edwards method for testing annual trends, we examined seasonal patterns in the uptake of HPV and other recommended adolescent vaccines [ @entity1 , @entity4 , and @entity3 (Tdap) booster and meningococcal vaccine]. HPV vaccine initiation (receipt of the first of the three-dose series) data were for female adolescents. RESULTS: Uptake for HPV and other adolescent vaccines peaked in the summer across years and states (all P < 0.001). Uptake was five times as frequent at the peak as at the trough for HPV vaccine, and HPV vaccine initiation was highest in June, July, and August (percent of doses delivered in these months: 38.7%). The same pattern existed for Tdap booster and meningococcal vaccine. Concomitant (same-day) vaccination of HPV vaccine with other adolescent vaccines also demonstrated summer peaks each year nationally (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Uptake of adolescent vaccines increased dramatically in summer months. These summer peaks are an important opportunity for interventions focused on concomitant vaccination. IMPACT: The potential @entity0 prevention impact of HPV vaccination programs could be increased, for example, by delivering messages about concomitant vaccination during the summer, when adolescents and their parents might be most open to them. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(2); 1-8.   2015 AACR.

title: Summer Peaks in Uptake of XXXX and Other Adolescent Vaccines in the United States.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a progressive spinal condition that is often managed surgically. Knowledge of important predictors of surgical outcome can provide decision support to surgeons and enable them to effectively manage their @entity0 ' expectations. The purpose of this study was to identify the most important clinical predictors of surgical outcome in @entity0 with @entity4 using data from two multinational prospective studies. METHODS: A total of 757 @entity0 treated surgically for @entity4 participated in either the @entity4 -North America or the @entity4 -International study. The model was designed to distinguish between @entity0 who achieved a modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score of >= 16 at the one-year follow-up and those who did not (mJOA < 16). A score of 16 was chosen as the cutoff as an mJOA of >= 16 translates to minimal impairment. Univariate analyses evaluated the relationship between outcome and various clinical predictors. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to create the final prediction rule and estimate relative risks. RESULTS: Based on univariate analyses, the probability of achieving a score of >= 16 decreased with the presence of certain symptoms, including @entity1 , the presence of certain signs such as lower limb @entity2 , positive smoking status, higher comorbidity score, more severe preoperative @entity3 , and older age. The final model consisted of six significant and clinically relevant predictors: baseline severity score (relative risk [RR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.15), impaired gait (RR, 0.76 [ref. = absence]; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.88), age (RR, 0.91 per decade; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.96), comorbidity score (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.98), smoking status (RR, 0.78 [ref. = non-smoking]; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.93), and duration of symptoms (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90 to 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 were more likely to achieve a score of >= 16 (indicating minimal impairment) if they were younger, had milder preoperative @entity3 , did not smoke, had fewer and less severe comorbidities, did not present with impaired gait, and had shorter symptom duration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: A Clinical Prediction Rule for Functional Outcomes in XXXX Undergoing Surgery for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Analysis of an International Prospective Multicenter Data Set of 757 Subjects.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed the effect of switching @entity0 with major @entity1 to @entity6 following an initial selective @entity4 reuptake inhibitor treatment failure, and explored potential biomarkers in their blood. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, open-label, 24-week trial. @entity1 was assessed with the 17-item Hamilton @entity1 Rating Scale. @entity0 showing a >= 50% reduction in Hamilton @entity1 Rating Scale scores from baseline to final visit were considered responders. Regarding @entity7 ( @entity7 ), moderate-to-severe @entity7 were specifically identified as effects that required any medical treatment or that induced treatment withdrawals. We also measured blood levels of various molecules including inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS: Of the 30 @entity0 who enrolled, 17 completed this study. The responder rate was 30% (n=10). Baseline serum levels of @entity2 (Z=-2.155; P=0.031) and @entity3 (Z=-2.616; P=0.009) were significantly higher when moderate-to-severe @entity7 were present (n=13 @entity0 with moderate-to-severe @entity7 ). Serum levels of @entity8 showed a significant continuous decrease from the baseline level (Friedman's test:    (2)=23.9, df=4, P<0.001) only in non-responders. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that serum levels of @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity8 as potential blood biomarkers could be utilized to identify the responsiveness of @entity0 to @entity4 and @entity5 reuptake inhibitor like @entity6 , or to identify those @entity0 who may experience @entity7 strong enough to warrant discontinuation of treatment.

title: XXXX treatment and potential biomarkers in @entity1 @entity0 following an initial SSRI treatment failure: a prospective, open-label, 24-week study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed the effect of switching @entity0 with major @entity1 to @entity6 following an initial selective @entity4 reuptake inhibitor treatment failure, and explored potential biomarkers in their blood. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, open-label, 24-week trial. @entity1 was assessed with the 17-item Hamilton @entity1 Rating Scale. @entity0 showing a >= 50% reduction in Hamilton @entity1 Rating Scale scores from baseline to final visit were considered responders. Regarding @entity7 ( @entity7 ), moderate-to-severe @entity7 were specifically identified as effects that required any medical treatment or that induced treatment withdrawals. We also measured blood levels of various molecules including inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS: Of the 30 @entity0 who enrolled, 17 completed this study. The responder rate was 30% (n=10). Baseline serum levels of @entity2 (Z=-2.155; P=0.031) and @entity3 (Z=-2.616; P=0.009) were significantly higher when moderate-to-severe @entity7 were present (n=13 @entity0 with moderate-to-severe @entity7 ). Serum levels of @entity8 showed a significant continuous decrease from the baseline level (Friedman's test:    (2)=23.9, df=4, P<0.001) only in non-responders. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that serum levels of @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity8 as potential blood biomarkers could be utilized to identify the responsiveness of @entity0 to @entity4 and @entity5 reuptake inhibitor like @entity6 , or to identify those @entity0 who may experience @entity7 strong enough to warrant discontinuation of treatment.

title: @entity6 treatment and potential biomarkers in XXXX @entity0 following an initial SSRI treatment failure: a prospective, open-label, 24-week study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed the effect of switching @entity0 with major @entity1 to @entity6 following an initial selective @entity4 reuptake inhibitor treatment failure, and explored potential biomarkers in their blood. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, open-label, 24-week trial. @entity1 was assessed with the 17-item Hamilton @entity1 Rating Scale. @entity0 showing a >= 50% reduction in Hamilton @entity1 Rating Scale scores from baseline to final visit were considered responders. Regarding @entity7 ( @entity7 ), moderate-to-severe @entity7 were specifically identified as effects that required any medical treatment or that induced treatment withdrawals. We also measured blood levels of various molecules including inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS: Of the 30 @entity0 who enrolled, 17 completed this study. The responder rate was 30% (n=10). Baseline serum levels of @entity2 (Z=-2.155; P=0.031) and @entity3 (Z=-2.616; P=0.009) were significantly higher when moderate-to-severe @entity7 were present (n=13 @entity0 with moderate-to-severe @entity7 ). Serum levels of @entity8 showed a significant continuous decrease from the baseline level (Friedman's test:    (2)=23.9, df=4, P<0.001) only in non-responders. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that serum levels of @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity8 as potential blood biomarkers could be utilized to identify the responsiveness of @entity0 to @entity4 and @entity5 reuptake inhibitor like @entity6 , or to identify those @entity0 who may experience @entity7 strong enough to warrant discontinuation of treatment.

title: @entity6 treatment and potential biomarkers in @entity1 XXXX following an initial SSRI treatment failure: a prospective, open-label, 24-week study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is described as the slow passage of contrast to distal coronaries despite anatomically normal coronary arteries. It has been shown that increased serum @entity4 activity (SPA) correlates with collagen turnover. Increased collagen turnover might be associated with the development of @entity3 . AIM: To investigate the relationship between serum @entity4 activity and slow coronary flow. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 40 @entity1 @entity0 (mean age: 55.0   9.5 years, 20 females) and 40 controls (mean age: 53.9   8.2 years, 21 females) with normal coronary anatomy and normal coronary flow. The Thrombolysis in @entity2 (TIMI) frame-count (TFC) method was used for @entity1 diagnosis. Serum @entity4 activity was measured spectrophotometrically, and the relevant parameters were compared between the groups. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the @entity1 and control groups in terms of basic demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. However, the SPA was significantly higher in the @entity1 group compared to the control (702.7   13.8 and 683.9   13.2 respectively, p<0.001). Serum @entity4 activity was significantly correlated with the mean TFC (r=0.463, p<0.001). The overall findings of this study support the predictive accuracy of the serum @entity4 activity in our cohort, with a statistically significant ROC value of 681.3. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that SPA was increased in @entity1 @entity0 . The activity of this enzyme was significantly correlated with the mean TFC.

title: Evaluation of serum XXXX activity in @entity0 with slow coronary flow.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is described as the slow passage of contrast to distal coronaries despite anatomically normal coronary arteries. It has been shown that increased serum @entity4 activity (SPA) correlates with collagen turnover. Increased collagen turnover might be associated with the development of @entity3 . AIM: To investigate the relationship between serum @entity4 activity and slow coronary flow. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 40 @entity1 @entity0 (mean age: 55.0   9.5 years, 20 females) and 40 controls (mean age: 53.9   8.2 years, 21 females) with normal coronary anatomy and normal coronary flow. The Thrombolysis in @entity2 (TIMI) frame-count (TFC) method was used for @entity1 diagnosis. Serum @entity4 activity was measured spectrophotometrically, and the relevant parameters were compared between the groups. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the @entity1 and control groups in terms of basic demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. However, the SPA was significantly higher in the @entity1 group compared to the control (702.7   13.8 and 683.9   13.2 respectively, p<0.001). Serum @entity4 activity was significantly correlated with the mean TFC (r=0.463, p<0.001). The overall findings of this study support the predictive accuracy of the serum @entity4 activity in our cohort, with a statistically significant ROC value of 681.3. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that SPA was increased in @entity1 @entity0 . The activity of this enzyme was significantly correlated with the mean TFC.

title: Evaluation of serum @entity4 activity in XXXX with slow coronary flow.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Studies have demonstrated the need for @entity1 control during multiple transrectal prostate biopsies. Due to encountered published results on periprostatic nerve block, we prospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of periprostatic local anaesthesia at the apex in comparison to intrarectal @entity3 gel. METHODS: From January 2001 to January 2002 110 @entity0 underwent prostate biopsy. @entity0 were randomized to receive 10 cc of either 2% @entity3 gel intrarectally (Group 1) or 10 cc of 1% @entity3 solution injected under ultrasound guidance for bilateral periprostatic nerve block at the apex (Group 2). @entity1 during biopsy was assessed using a 10-point linear visual analog @entity1 scale and a 5-point digital @entity2 scale (continuous variables). Statistical analysis of @entity1 scores was performed using the Student t-test. RESULTS: 96 @entity0 fitted the inclusion and presented no exclusion criteria. 43 @entity0 composed group 1, and 53 @entity0 group 2. The mean @entity1 score was 2.76+/-1.69 and 1.73+/-1.26 for group 1 and 2, respectively for the 10-point linear visual analog @entity1 scale (p=0.001). The mean @entity1 score was 2.26+/-0.82 and 1.62+/-0.56 for groups 1 and 2, respectively for the 5-point digital @entity2 scale (p<0.001). There was no difference in mean @entity0 age (p=0.348), prostate size (p=0.899), serum PSA (p=0.932), and complications when comparing both groups. The number of biopsies per @entity0 was significantly higher in group 2 (p=0.006), but @entity1 scores in each scale were significantly less. CONCLUSIONS: Periprostatic nerve block at the apex is superior to intrarectal @entity3 gel for controlling @entity1 during transrectal prostate biopsy, with no increased complications. This technique should be recommended for those @entity0 without anal or rectal inflammatory diseases.

title: Prospective study comparing two methods of anaesthesia for prostate biopsies: apex periprostatic nerve block versus intrarectal XXXX gel: review of the literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of US in the diagnosis of @entity7 in neonates by posterolateral fontanelle as compared with the anterior fontanelle approach and MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: US studies were performed on 1337 neonates, including 512 preterm @entity0 , through the anterior and posterolateral fontanelles. Abnormalities were detected in 134 @entity0 . Among them, abnormalities in posterior fossa were visualized with the posterolateral approach in 14 neonates. MR images were obtained in that subgrqup. RESULTS: The lesions consisted of @entity4 and @entity1 . Foci of @entity4 were visualized by US in preterm neonates (n = 5), only through the posterolateral approach and on MRI. @entity6 (n = 2) were detected by US with both approaches and confirmed on MRI. In @entity8 (n =2), US with both approaches, showed @entity1 and fluid in the posterior fossa. MRI, additionally visualized pontine @entity3 . Fluid collection in the posterior fossa and translocation of cerebellar hemispheres were observed in the other 6 neonates by US with both approaches. MRI revealed @entity2 (n = 2), mega cisterna magna (n = 3) and Blake's pouch (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: US using posterolateral fontanelle is the method of choice for the diagnosis of @entity4 . These lesions are not visualized through anterior fontanelle. US visualization of the abnormal structures in some @entity1 has similar effectiveness for both approaches. MRI plays the crucial role in identification and differential diagnosis of these @entity5 .

title: [Cranial ultrasound through posterolateral fontanelle in visualization of XXXX in preterm and term neonates].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Pore models of membrane fusion postulate that cylinders of integral membrane proteins can initiate a fusion pore after conformational rearrangement of pore subunits. In the fusion of @entity1 vacuoles, V-ATPase V0 sectors, which contain a central cylinder of membrane integral proteolipid subunits, associate to form a transcomplex that might resemble an intermediate postulated in some pore models. We tested the role of V0 sectors in vacuole fusion. V0 functions in fusion and proton translocation could be experimentally separated via the differential effects of mutations and inhibitory antibodies. Inactivation of the V0 subunit @entity2 blocked fusion in the terminal reaction stage that is independent of a proton gradient. Deltavph1 mutants were capable of docking and trans-SNARE pairing and of subsequent release of lumenal @entity0 , but they did not fuse. The @entity0 -releasing channel appears to be tightly coupled to V0 because inactivation of @entity2 by antibodies blocked @entity0 release. @entity2 deletion on only one fusion partner sufficed to severely reduce fusion activity. The functional requirement for @entity2 correlates to V0 transcomplex formation in that both occur after docking and @entity0 release. These observations establish V0 as a crucial factor in vacuole fusion acting downstream of trans-SNARE pairing.

title: Vacuole membrane fusion: V0 functions after trans-SNARE pairing and is coupled to the XXXX -releasing channel.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Four cases of @entity2 are reported. Two cases (1978, 1979) were diagnosed on microscopic examination of lung parenchyma excised on suspicion of @entity1 . The third case was diagnosed retrospectively by reexamining the slides of a @entity0 operated on in 1965, who presented with a similar history and chest X-ray. The fourth was diagnosed at autopsy in a @entity0 who committed suicide. @entity3 is a rare disease which affects the lung in 15--20% of cases. Despite its name, @entity3 is not due to a fungus but to an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus. The germ is a saprophyte of the @entity0 digestive tract and is very sensitive to penicillins. It may become pathogenic in a compromised host and usually produces cervico-facial lesions which develop by continuity from mouth mucosa. Abdominal or, more rarely, @entity2 are due to ingestion or inhalation of infected material. Chest X-ray appearance of @entity2 mimics that of @entity1 . Actinomyces culture is difficult, and diagnosis is often based on microscopic examination of the surgical specimen only. Antibiotic therapy is a mandatory complement to surgical treatment.

title: [Pleuro- XXXX . Report of 4 cases].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Between 1993-1997, there were 14,023 new cases of @entity3 registered in Navarra. In @entity1 , the most frequently diagnosed @entity3 were in the following order: lung, prostate, colon and rectum, stomach and bladder, which accounted for 60% of all the @entity3 cases. In @entity1 the sites of breast, colon and rectum, body of uterus, stomach and ovary accounted for 57% of the total number of cases. In the same period, 1993-1997, 3,875 @entity1 and 2,332 @entity1 died of @entity3 . 60% of all the @entity6 caused by @entity3 in @entity1 were due to the sites of lung, colon and rectum, prostate, stomach and bladder. In @entity1 the sites of breast, colon and rectum, stomach, pancreas and liver, accounted for 51% of @entity6 from @entity3 . Amongst @entity1 in Navarra there has been an important increase in the last two decades of the rates of incidence and @entity3 related to the habit of smoking (lung, oral cavity and pharynx or pancreas). The global risk of dying from @entity3 was higher in the late 90s than in the 70s and 80s. From 1995 onwards, @entity3 mortality advanced from second place to occupy the first place as the cause of @entity6 amongst @entity1 in Navarra. Amongst @entity1 , @entity5 continue to be the first cause of @entity6 . Amongst @entity1 the global risk of @entity6 from @entity3 fell by 20% between 1975 and 1997, due principally to a fall in cases of @entity3 . Tumours related to the habit of smoking have not so far shown substantial increases amongst @entity1 in Navarra. @entity0 has increased in recent years, although its incidence and mortality amongst @entity1 in Navarra continues to be somewhat lower than the average in the European Union and the United States. @entity2 remains at very low rates with respect to many European countries, including Spain. In both sexes there has been an increase in @entity4 and @entity7 , while the incidence and mortality of @entity3 continues to fall.

title: [Incidence and mortality of XXXX in Navarra, 1993-1997. Tendencies in the last 25 years].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Locoregional recurrences are reported in 493 consecutive with T1 T2 N0 N1 @entity0 @entity1 who were treated with radical external beam irradiation and interstitial 192 Ir. implant between 1961 and 1979. Follow-up ranges from 5-23 years (mean 10 years) with 195 @entity1 having 10-23 years follow up (mean 12 years). Tumorectomy was performed in 130/158 (88%) @entity4 (22%) T2 @entity1 . There were 51 (10%) locoregional recurrences with 34 mammary, 14 combined mammary/axillary and 3 isolated axillary recurrences. The 10 year relapse rate was 20/195 (10%). The risk, timing and site of relapse varied according to TNM stage and tumorectomy. The risk was higher for T2 (42/335, 12.5%) than T1 (9/158, 5.5%) due to a larger number of recurrences occurring in the first 5 years (T2 32/335, 9.5% vs T1 4/158, 2.5%). Between 5-10 years, risk of relapse equalized to around 3% for both groups and only 1 relapse was seen after 10 years. Of the 48 mammary recurrences, 25 (52%) occurred in the implant volume, 7 (14%) occurred on the margin of the implant, 12 (25%) occurred at sites remote from the primary and in 4 (9%), the exact site could not be defined. 14/48 mammary recurrences were accompanied by axillary relapse, there were 3 isolated axillary recurrences and supraclavicular @entity2 accompanied axillary relapse in 3 cases. The overall risk, of axillary relapse was 3% (17/493) and there was significant correlation with @entity3 . Salvage surgery generally mastectomy and axillary dissection, was possible in 45/51 (90%) recurrences. 23/45 (50%) survive NED 0.2-9 years (mean 3 years) after salvage. 8/23 (35%) followed longer than 5 years after salvage survive NED. Our results have been compared with other series in the literature and changes in our current protocol are described.

title: Locoregional recurrences following radical external beam irradiation and interstitial implantation for operable XXXX --a twenty three year experience.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 often suffer from rapidly progressive extensive @entity2 . The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of illicit drugs on buccal and dental health and the use of illicit drugs for toothache. METHODS: Two groups of intravenous and non-intravenous @entity1 were compared with two control groups of age matched non-addicted subjects. During a routine dental examination, medical and addictive history, periodontal and dental health and dental complaints were recorded. RESULTS: This study showed that intravenous @entity3 was responsible for rapidly progressive @entity2 , even in four @entity1 with satisfactory dental hygiene. Intravenous @entity3 users (14 @entity0 , 38 @entity0 , mean age 35) had a mean number of 10 missing and 10 @entity2 , 6 of them to be extracted, and needed two dentures with 8 teeth each. Their masticatory function (45%) and smile did not permit normal alimentation or social life. Non-intravenous drug users (9 @entity0 , 29 @entity0 , mean age 26) had a mean number of one missing tooth and 4 @entity2 to be treated. When compared to control groups, drug users of both categories exhibited more @entity2 , reduced masticatory function and a lower periodontal health correlated with inadequate dental hygiene. Finally, 52% of @entity3 users and 21% of other illicit drug users admitted the use of illicit drugs as analgesics for toothache. CONCLUSION: The management of toothache should be proposed in the cessation protocols and dentures provided to intravenous @entity1 , before any attempt at social reinsertion.

title: [The buccal-dental health of XXXX treated in the University hospital centre in Nice].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 is a @entity2 that leads to multiregional @entity9 . Severe @entity6 is the most common presentation, frequently leading to severe @entity3 . Several therapeutic approaches have been investigated, but they are mostly palliative and have had variable results. We aimed to assess the efficacy of @entity8 for the reduction of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 that is refractory to standard therapy. METHODS: We recruited @entity0 aged 17 years or older with @entity7 who had severe @entity6 refractory to minimally invasive surgical procedures into an open-label, phase 2, non-randomised, single-centre study at IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation (Pavia, Italy). We gave @entity0 @entity8 at a starting dose of 50 mg/day orally. If they had no response, we increased the @entity8 dose by 50 mg/day increments every 4 weeks, until a response was seen, up to a maximum dose of 200 mg/day. After @entity0 had achieved a response, they continued treatment for 8-16 additional weeks. The primary endpoint was the efficacy of @entity8 measured as the percentage of @entity0 who had reductions of at least one grade in the frequency, intensity, or duration of @entity6 . We followed up @entity0 each month to assess @entity6 severity score and transfusion need, and any adverse events were reported. We included all @entity0 who received any study drug and who participated in at least one post-baseline assessment in the primary efficacy population. The safety population consisted of all @entity0 who received any dose of study treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01485224. FINDINGS: Between @entity10 , 2011, and May 12, 2014, we enrolled 31 @entity0 . Median follow-up was 15  9 months (IQR 10  1-22  3). Three (10%, 95% CI 2-26) @entity0 had a complete response, with @entity4 stopped, 28 (90%, 95% CI 74-98) @entity0 had partial responses. Overall, all 31 (100%, 89-100) @entity0 responded to therapy with a significant decrease in all @entity6 parameters (p<0  0001 for frequency, intensity, and duration). A response was achieved by 25 (81%) @entity0 at 50 mg/day of @entity8 , five (16%) @entity0 at 100 mg/day, and one (3%) @entity0 at 150 mg/day. @entity0 had only non-serious, grade 1 adverse effects, the most common of which were @entity5 (21 @entity0 ), drowsiness (six @entity0 ), and peripheral @entity1 (eight @entity0 ). One @entity0 died a month after the end of treatment, but this was not deemed to be related to treatment. INTERPRETATION: Low-dose @entity8 seems to be safe and effective for the reduction of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 . Our findings should be validated by further studies with larger @entity0 populations, longer follow-up, and that also assess the benefit for quality of life. FUNDING: Telethon Foundation.

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX for the treatment of severe @entity6 in @entity7 : results of a non-randomised, single-centre, phase 2 study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 is a @entity2 that leads to multiregional @entity9 . Severe @entity6 is the most common presentation, frequently leading to severe @entity3 . Several therapeutic approaches have been investigated, but they are mostly palliative and have had variable results. We aimed to assess the efficacy of @entity8 for the reduction of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 that is refractory to standard therapy. METHODS: We recruited @entity0 aged 17 years or older with @entity7 who had severe @entity6 refractory to minimally invasive surgical procedures into an open-label, phase 2, non-randomised, single-centre study at IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation (Pavia, Italy). We gave @entity0 @entity8 at a starting dose of 50 mg/day orally. If they had no response, we increased the @entity8 dose by 50 mg/day increments every 4 weeks, until a response was seen, up to a maximum dose of 200 mg/day. After @entity0 had achieved a response, they continued treatment for 8-16 additional weeks. The primary endpoint was the efficacy of @entity8 measured as the percentage of @entity0 who had reductions of at least one grade in the frequency, intensity, or duration of @entity6 . We followed up @entity0 each month to assess @entity6 severity score and transfusion need, and any adverse events were reported. We included all @entity0 who received any study drug and who participated in at least one post-baseline assessment in the primary efficacy population. The safety population consisted of all @entity0 who received any dose of study treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01485224. FINDINGS: Between @entity10 , 2011, and May 12, 2014, we enrolled 31 @entity0 . Median follow-up was 15  9 months (IQR 10  1-22  3). Three (10%, 95% CI 2-26) @entity0 had a complete response, with @entity4 stopped, 28 (90%, 95% CI 74-98) @entity0 had partial responses. Overall, all 31 (100%, 89-100) @entity0 responded to therapy with a significant decrease in all @entity6 parameters (p<0  0001 for frequency, intensity, and duration). A response was achieved by 25 (81%) @entity0 at 50 mg/day of @entity8 , five (16%) @entity0 at 100 mg/day, and one (3%) @entity0 at 150 mg/day. @entity0 had only non-serious, grade 1 adverse effects, the most common of which were @entity5 (21 @entity0 ), drowsiness (six @entity0 ), and peripheral @entity1 (eight @entity0 ). One @entity0 died a month after the end of treatment, but this was not deemed to be related to treatment. INTERPRETATION: Low-dose @entity8 seems to be safe and effective for the reduction of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 . Our findings should be validated by further studies with larger @entity0 populations, longer follow-up, and that also assess the benefit for quality of life. FUNDING: Telethon Foundation.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity8 for the treatment of severe @entity6 in XXXX : results of a non-randomised, single-centre, phase 2 study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 is a @entity2 that leads to multiregional @entity9 . Severe @entity6 is the most common presentation, frequently leading to severe @entity3 . Several therapeutic approaches have been investigated, but they are mostly palliative and have had variable results. We aimed to assess the efficacy of @entity8 for the reduction of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 that is refractory to standard therapy. METHODS: We recruited @entity0 aged 17 years or older with @entity7 who had severe @entity6 refractory to minimally invasive surgical procedures into an open-label, phase 2, non-randomised, single-centre study at IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation (Pavia, Italy). We gave @entity0 @entity8 at a starting dose of 50 mg/day orally. If they had no response, we increased the @entity8 dose by 50 mg/day increments every 4 weeks, until a response was seen, up to a maximum dose of 200 mg/day. After @entity0 had achieved a response, they continued treatment for 8-16 additional weeks. The primary endpoint was the efficacy of @entity8 measured as the percentage of @entity0 who had reductions of at least one grade in the frequency, intensity, or duration of @entity6 . We followed up @entity0 each month to assess @entity6 severity score and transfusion need, and any adverse events were reported. We included all @entity0 who received any study drug and who participated in at least one post-baseline assessment in the primary efficacy population. The safety population consisted of all @entity0 who received any dose of study treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01485224. FINDINGS: Between @entity10 , 2011, and May 12, 2014, we enrolled 31 @entity0 . Median follow-up was 15  9 months (IQR 10  1-22  3). Three (10%, 95% CI 2-26) @entity0 had a complete response, with @entity4 stopped, 28 (90%, 95% CI 74-98) @entity0 had partial responses. Overall, all 31 (100%, 89-100) @entity0 responded to therapy with a significant decrease in all @entity6 parameters (p<0  0001 for frequency, intensity, and duration). A response was achieved by 25 (81%) @entity0 at 50 mg/day of @entity8 , five (16%) @entity0 at 100 mg/day, and one (3%) @entity0 at 150 mg/day. @entity0 had only non-serious, grade 1 adverse effects, the most common of which were @entity5 (21 @entity0 ), drowsiness (six @entity0 ), and peripheral @entity1 (eight @entity0 ). One @entity0 died a month after the end of treatment, but this was not deemed to be related to treatment. INTERPRETATION: Low-dose @entity8 seems to be safe and effective for the reduction of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 . Our findings should be validated by further studies with larger @entity0 populations, longer follow-up, and that also assess the benefit for quality of life. FUNDING: Telethon Foundation.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity8 for the treatment of severe XXXX in @entity7 : results of a non-randomised, single-centre, phase 2 study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: As an innate defense mechanism, macrophages produce reactive @entity1 species that weaken pathogens and serve as secondary messengers involved in immune function. The Gram-negative bacterium @entity4 utilizes its antioxidant armature to limit the host immune response, but the mechanism behind this suppression is not defined. Here we establish that @entity4 limits @entity2 entry in macrophages, thereby limiting actin reorganization and IL-6 production in a redox-dependent fashion. Wild type (live vaccine strain) or catalase-deficient @entity4 (  katG) show distinct profiles in their @entity5 scavenging rates, 1 and 0.015 pm/s, respectively. @entity0 alveolar macrophages infected with   katG display abnormally high basal intracellular @entity2 concentration that did not increase further in response to @entity5 . Additionally,   katG-infected macrophages displayed limited @entity2 influx in response to @entity3 , as a result of ionophore @entity5 sensitivity. Exogenously added @entity5 or @entity5 generated by   katG likely oxidizes @entity3 and alters its ability to transport @entity2 . Basal increases in cytosolic @entity2 and insensitivity to @entity5 -mediated @entity2 entry in   katG-infected cells are reversed by the @entity2 channel inhibitors @entity7 and @entity6 . @entity7 but not @entity6 abrogated   katG-dependent increases in macrophage actin remodeling and IL-6 secretion, suggesting a role for @entity5 -mediated @entity2 entry through the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel in macrophages. Indeed, increases in basal @entity2 , actin polymerization, and IL-6 production are reversed in TRPM2-null macrophages infected with   katG. Together, our findings provide compelling evidence that @entity4 catalase restricts reactive @entity1 species to temper macrophage TRPM2-mediated @entity2 signaling and limit host immune function.

title: XXXX Catalase Restricts Immune Function by Impairing TRPM2 Channel Activity.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 39-year-old @entity0 was diagnosed with @entity3 -induced @entity2 . He did not show any sign of @entity2 , but his serum total @entity4 level was >40  mg/dL when he visited the local hospital. The therapeutic effects of initial medical treatments were transient, and both renal function and coagulation ability were gradually deteriorated. Four months after the onset of @entity2 , he was referred to our hospital for the purpose of liver transplantation (LT). Although he was wasting and severely @entity5 , his consciousness level was not disturbed at all, with normal serum @entity7 blood concentration before LT. Owing to @entity3 -induced severe @entity6 , living-donor LT (LDLT) was performed with the use of a right lobe graft from his younger brother. The explanted liver was extremely enlarged, with a weight of 2,480 g, and severely cholestatic. Microscopic findings were also compatible with drug-induced @entity2 . He was discharged from hospital 55 days after LDLT, whereas his @entity1 remained at 6 months after LT. There are 3 types of pathophysiology of drug-induced hepatotoxicity: hepatocellular, cholestatic, and mixed @entity2 . Although @entity3 hepatotoxicity is rare, it can be severe and even fatal. This is the 1st case report of successful LDLT for a @entity0 who had developed @entity3 -induced @entity6 .

title: Successful Living-Donor Liver Transplantation for Cholestatic @entity6 Induced by XXXX : Case Report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 39-year-old @entity0 was diagnosed with @entity3 -induced @entity2 . He did not show any sign of @entity2 , but his serum total @entity4 level was >40  mg/dL when he visited the local hospital. The therapeutic effects of initial medical treatments were transient, and both renal function and coagulation ability were gradually deteriorated. Four months after the onset of @entity2 , he was referred to our hospital for the purpose of liver transplantation (LT). Although he was wasting and severely @entity5 , his consciousness level was not disturbed at all, with normal serum @entity7 blood concentration before LT. Owing to @entity3 -induced severe @entity6 , living-donor LT (LDLT) was performed with the use of a right lobe graft from his younger brother. The explanted liver was extremely enlarged, with a weight of 2,480 g, and severely cholestatic. Microscopic findings were also compatible with drug-induced @entity2 . He was discharged from hospital 55 days after LDLT, whereas his @entity1 remained at 6 months after LT. There are 3 types of pathophysiology of drug-induced hepatotoxicity: hepatocellular, cholestatic, and mixed @entity2 . Although @entity3 hepatotoxicity is rare, it can be severe and even fatal. This is the 1st case report of successful LDLT for a @entity0 who had developed @entity3 -induced @entity6 .

title: Successful Living-Donor Liver Transplantation for Cholestatic XXXX Induced by @entity3 : Case Report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genetic variants of endosomal toll like receptors (TLR) have been associated with many infectious, @entity1 , but few studies have been reported in the Spanish population. The aim of this study was to describe the allelic and genotypic distributions of some common @entity2 substitutions of endosomal TLRs in healthy Spanish @entity0 and to compare them with those already published in other population groups. Nine substitutions were analysed in 150 DNA samples from 150 Spanish, non-related healthy females: @entity4 @entity9 and @entity10 ; @entity3 @entity13 and @entity14 ; @entity8 @entity12 and @entity5 @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity15 and @entity11 . Genotyping was carried out by real time PCR and melting curve analysis in a LightCycler 480. A systematic review was performed in order to compare the genotypic distributions in our cohort with those previously published in other population groups. The comparative study was performed with the two tailed Fisher's test or the Yates continuity correction for the Chi-square test when appropriate. No homozygotes for @entity14 in @entity3 were found, and @entity15 and @entity11 of @entity5 were in strong linkage disequilibrium. Genotype distributions in endosomal TLR are similar to other Spanish series previously reported. As expected, most differences were found when comparing our distributions with Asiatics, but differences were also found with other Caucasian populations. Since there are significant variations in genotypic distributions of TLRs in both interracial groups and within the same ethnic group, to carry out studies of disease susceptibility in more restricted groups is mandatory.

title: Genotypic distribution of common variants of endosomal toll like receptors in healthy Spanish XXXX . A comparative study with other populations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resuscitative @entity0 of the aorta (REBOA) is less invasive than emergency department thoracotomy for the treatment of @entity1 . We evaluated the effects of REBOA on carotid blood flow (Qcarotid) in a porcine model of @entity1 . We hypothesized that REBOA restores Qcarotid faster than reinfusion of blood. METHODS: Spontaneously breathing sedated Sinclair @entity2 underwent exponential @entity1 of 65% total blood volume in 1 hour. They were randomized into three groups. Positive control (PC, n = 7) underwent immediate transfusion of shed blood. REBOA (n = 21) received a novel 7 Fr ER-REBOA catheter (Pryor Medical, Arvada, CO) placed into aortic Zone 1 via a femoral artery introducer for 30 minutes or 60 minutes, with transfusion either after deflation or midway through inflation. Negative control (n = 7) received no resuscitation. Qcarotid was recorded continuously using an ultrasonic flow probe. Survival and time between Qcarotid, min and both a stable maximal value (Qcarotid, max) and restoration of baseline flow (Qcarotid, new @entity3 ) were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Median time to Qcarotid, max was 3.0 minutes in the REBOA group versus 9.6 minutes in the control group (p = 0.006). Median time to Qcarotid, new @entity3 was 6.0 minutes in the REBOA group versus 20.5 minutes in the PC group (p = 0.11). Slope of the linear regression between Qcarotid, min and Qcarotid, new @entity3 was 16.7 in REBOA and 10.4 in PC (p = 0.31). Four-hour survival was 95% (20 of 21) in the REBOA group versus 71% (5 of 7) in the PC group (p = 0.06) and 0% in the negative control group. CONCLUSION: REBOA resulted in the restoration of Qcarotid ("cerebrovascular resuscitation") at least as rapidly as retransfusion of shed blood, with equivalent 4-hour survival. Further studies of REBOA, to include mitigation of end-organ effects and longer follow-up, are needed.

title: Resuscitative XXXX of the aorta (REBOA): Comparison with immediate transfusion following @entity1 in @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resuscitative @entity0 of the aorta (REBOA) is less invasive than emergency department thoracotomy for the treatment of @entity1 . We evaluated the effects of REBOA on carotid blood flow (Qcarotid) in a porcine model of @entity1 . We hypothesized that REBOA restores Qcarotid faster than reinfusion of blood. METHODS: Spontaneously breathing sedated Sinclair @entity2 underwent exponential @entity1 of 65% total blood volume in 1 hour. They were randomized into three groups. Positive control (PC, n = 7) underwent immediate transfusion of shed blood. REBOA (n = 21) received a novel 7 Fr ER-REBOA catheter (Pryor Medical, Arvada, CO) placed into aortic Zone 1 via a femoral artery introducer for 30 minutes or 60 minutes, with transfusion either after deflation or midway through inflation. Negative control (n = 7) received no resuscitation. Qcarotid was recorded continuously using an ultrasonic flow probe. Survival and time between Qcarotid, min and both a stable maximal value (Qcarotid, max) and restoration of baseline flow (Qcarotid, new @entity3 ) were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Median time to Qcarotid, max was 3.0 minutes in the REBOA group versus 9.6 minutes in the control group (p = 0.006). Median time to Qcarotid, new @entity3 was 6.0 minutes in the REBOA group versus 20.5 minutes in the PC group (p = 0.11). Slope of the linear regression between Qcarotid, min and Qcarotid, new @entity3 was 16.7 in REBOA and 10.4 in PC (p = 0.31). Four-hour survival was 95% (20 of 21) in the REBOA group versus 71% (5 of 7) in the PC group (p = 0.06) and 0% in the negative control group. CONCLUSION: REBOA resulted in the restoration of Qcarotid ("cerebrovascular resuscitation") at least as rapidly as retransfusion of shed blood, with equivalent 4-hour survival. Further studies of REBOA, to include mitigation of end-organ effects and longer follow-up, are needed.

title: Resuscitative @entity0 of the aorta (REBOA): Comparison with immediate transfusion following XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resuscitative @entity0 of the aorta (REBOA) is less invasive than emergency department thoracotomy for the treatment of @entity1 . We evaluated the effects of REBOA on carotid blood flow (Qcarotid) in a porcine model of @entity1 . We hypothesized that REBOA restores Qcarotid faster than reinfusion of blood. METHODS: Spontaneously breathing sedated Sinclair @entity2 underwent exponential @entity1 of 65% total blood volume in 1 hour. They were randomized into three groups. Positive control (PC, n = 7) underwent immediate transfusion of shed blood. REBOA (n = 21) received a novel 7 Fr ER-REBOA catheter (Pryor Medical, Arvada, CO) placed into aortic Zone 1 via a femoral artery introducer for 30 minutes or 60 minutes, with transfusion either after deflation or midway through inflation. Negative control (n = 7) received no resuscitation. Qcarotid was recorded continuously using an ultrasonic flow probe. Survival and time between Qcarotid, min and both a stable maximal value (Qcarotid, max) and restoration of baseline flow (Qcarotid, new @entity3 ) were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Median time to Qcarotid, max was 3.0 minutes in the REBOA group versus 9.6 minutes in the control group (p = 0.006). Median time to Qcarotid, new @entity3 was 6.0 minutes in the REBOA group versus 20.5 minutes in the PC group (p = 0.11). Slope of the linear regression between Qcarotid, min and Qcarotid, new @entity3 was 16.7 in REBOA and 10.4 in PC (p = 0.31). Four-hour survival was 95% (20 of 21) in the REBOA group versus 71% (5 of 7) in the PC group (p = 0.06) and 0% in the negative control group. CONCLUSION: REBOA resulted in the restoration of Qcarotid ("cerebrovascular resuscitation") at least as rapidly as retransfusion of shed blood, with equivalent 4-hour survival. Further studies of REBOA, to include mitigation of end-organ effects and longer follow-up, are needed.

title: Resuscitative @entity0 of the aorta (REBOA): Comparison with immediate transfusion following @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 is one of the major nosocomial threats causing severe @entity0 . Compared to the well documented clinical symptoms, little is known about the processes in the bacterial cell like the regulation and activity of metabolic pathways. In this study, we present time-resolved and global data of extracellular substrates and products. In a second part, we focus on the correlation of fermentation products and substrate uptake with toxin production. RESULTS: Formation of different fermentation products during growth in a comparison between the two different media in a global approach was studied using non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based analysis. During cultivation in a @entity12 medium and minimal medium, the clinical isolate @entity11  erm showed major differences in @entity10 utilization: In @entity12 medium, @entity7 preferred @entity6 , @entity1 and @entity4 as @entity5 and energy sources while @entity8 and @entity2 were not or hardly used. In contrast, @entity6 and @entity1 were consumed at a significantly later stage in minimal medium. Due to the more complex substrate mixture more fermentation products were detectable in the @entity12 medium, accompanied by major changes in the ratios between oxidative and reductive Stickland products. Different @entity3 consumption dynamics were observed in presence of either @entity12 or the minimal set of @entity9 , accompanied by major changes in butanoate formation. This was associated with a variation in both the toxin yield and a change in the ratio of toxin A to toxin B. CONCLUSIONS: Since in all media compositions, more than one substrate was available as a suitable @entity5 source, availability of different @entity5 sources and their metabolic fate appears to be the key factor for toxin formation.

title: Time-resolved XXXX uptake of @entity11  erm and concomitant fermentation product and toxin formation.

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 is one of the major nosocomial threats causing severe @entity0 . Compared to the well documented clinical symptoms, little is known about the processes in the bacterial cell like the regulation and activity of metabolic pathways. In this study, we present time-resolved and global data of extracellular substrates and products. In a second part, we focus on the correlation of fermentation products and substrate uptake with toxin production. RESULTS: Formation of different fermentation products during growth in a comparison between the two different media in a global approach was studied using non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based analysis. During cultivation in a @entity12 medium and minimal medium, the clinical isolate @entity11  erm showed major differences in @entity10 utilization: In @entity12 medium, @entity7 preferred @entity6 , @entity1 and @entity4 as @entity5 and energy sources while @entity8 and @entity2 were not or hardly used. In contrast, @entity6 and @entity1 were consumed at a significantly later stage in minimal medium. Due to the more complex substrate mixture more fermentation products were detectable in the @entity12 medium, accompanied by major changes in the ratios between oxidative and reductive Stickland products. Different @entity3 consumption dynamics were observed in presence of either @entity12 or the minimal set of @entity9 , accompanied by major changes in butanoate formation. This was associated with a variation in both the toxin yield and a change in the ratio of toxin A to toxin B. CONCLUSIONS: Since in all media compositions, more than one substrate was available as a suitable @entity5 source, availability of different @entity5 sources and their metabolic fate appears to be the key factor for toxin formation.

title: Time-resolved @entity10 uptake of XXXX  erm and concomitant fermentation product and toxin formation.

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: Splenectomy after combined colosplenic @entity3 or iatrogenic @entity3 during colorectal surgery associates with worse short- and long-term outcomes, including reduced survival in @entity0 with @entity1 . Splenic autotransplantation may improve the outcomes of such @entity0 . Omental splenic transplantation is the standard procedure but may be difficult when performing laparoscopic colorectal surgery or when total or subtotal omentectomy is required. This animal model study was performed to evaluate the impact of splenic autotransplantation to the groin area on colonic wound healing. METHODS: Thirty @entity2 were divided into three groups of ten animals. One group underwent colon @entity4 and sham splenectomy, the second underwent colon @entity4 and splenectomy, and the third underwent colon @entity4 , splenectomy, and intramuscular autotransplantation of the spleen. On postoperative day 7, anastomotic healing was evaluated by measuring bursting pressure and @entity5 levels. The third group was subjected to scintigraphy before sacrifice to assess whether the transplant was functional. RESULTS: The mortality rates of the sham, splenectomized, and transplanted animals were 0 %, 30 %, and 20 %, respectively: the splenectomized animals had significantly lower mean bursting pressures than the other two groups (p   =   0.002). The mean @entity5 levels of the three groups were 467.4, 335.3, and 412.7 mg @entity5 /g protein, respectively (p   =   0.0856). Nine of the ten transplanted animals (90 %) had splenic activity on scintigraphy. CONCLUSIONS: Splenectomy impaired the healing of the colonic @entity4 . This effect was largely reversed by splenic autotransplantation. Intramuscular autotransplantation to the groin area appears to be feasible and effective.

title: A solution to the negative effects of splenectomy during colorectal XXXX and surgery: an experimental study on splenic autotransplantation to the groin area.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The characteristics and kinetics of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) efflux were examined in homogeneous suspensions of freshly isolated @entity0 hepatocytes. @entity2 efflux was measured as its linear accumulation in the suspension medium. Appearance of @entity2 extracellularly was reflected in a quantitative loss in cellular @entity2 . However, the total @entity2 remained essentially unchanged, indicating minimal net synthesis of @entity2 under these experimental conditions. @entity2 efflux was sensitive to temperature, with a calculated Q10 value of 2.3. A wide range of cellular @entity2 concentration ranging from near complete and moderate depletion to severalfold the control values was achieved by treatment of animals or cells with various @entity2 depletors or inducers. At physiological (fed) and elevated ( @entity4 - and @entity3 -induced) cellular @entity2 , the rate of @entity2 efflux was near maximum. The rate fell dramatically to 50% maximum at a @entity2 concentration equaling 35 nmol/10(6) cells. A 48-h fast resulted in a 40% loss of cellular @entity2 , with a corresponding decrease in efflux rates. Addition of @entity2 to the incubation medium had no effect on efflux rates. The relationship of @entity2 efflux to cellular @entity2 concentration was characterized by apparent sigmoidal saturation kinetics. The data were fitted well by the Hill model with the following kinetic parameters: Vmax = 0.25 nmol X 10(6) cells-1 X min-1, Km = 3.5 mM, and n = 3. These results correspond very closely to our previous findings in the perfused liver.

title: Kinetics of XXXX efflux from isolated @entity0 hepatocytes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The characteristics and kinetics of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) efflux were examined in homogeneous suspensions of freshly isolated @entity0 hepatocytes. @entity2 efflux was measured as its linear accumulation in the suspension medium. Appearance of @entity2 extracellularly was reflected in a quantitative loss in cellular @entity2 . However, the total @entity2 remained essentially unchanged, indicating minimal net synthesis of @entity2 under these experimental conditions. @entity2 efflux was sensitive to temperature, with a calculated Q10 value of 2.3. A wide range of cellular @entity2 concentration ranging from near complete and moderate depletion to severalfold the control values was achieved by treatment of animals or cells with various @entity2 depletors or inducers. At physiological (fed) and elevated ( @entity4 - and @entity3 -induced) cellular @entity2 , the rate of @entity2 efflux was near maximum. The rate fell dramatically to 50% maximum at a @entity2 concentration equaling 35 nmol/10(6) cells. A 48-h fast resulted in a 40% loss of cellular @entity2 , with a corresponding decrease in efflux rates. Addition of @entity2 to the incubation medium had no effect on efflux rates. The relationship of @entity2 efflux to cellular @entity2 concentration was characterized by apparent sigmoidal saturation kinetics. The data were fitted well by the Hill model with the following kinetic parameters: Vmax = 0.25 nmol X 10(6) cells-1 X min-1, Km = 3.5 mM, and n = 3. These results correspond very closely to our previous findings in the perfused liver.

title: Kinetics of @entity1 efflux from isolated XXXX hepatocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Green tea @entity6 (GTP) have been widely tested for their effects on several @entity4 and @entity3 such as @entity0 , @entity2 , and @entity1 . The present study was formulated to assess the physiological efficacy of green tea @entity5 infused with milk (GTPM) on skin integrity in correlation with antioxidative status in healthy adults. Forty-four healthy voluntary subjects were recruited and assigned to two groups, who drank 240 ml of mineral water mixed with either an experimental (GTPM) or placebo package (2 packs per day) for the following 6 months. The experimental group then switched to the placebo package, and vice versa, for a further 6 months, with one month of washout period in between. During the initial, 3(rd), 6(th), 10(th), and 13(th) month anthropometric measurements were performed and fasting blood samples were withdrawn for various biochemical assays. Skin examination was performed at the initial, 6(th) and 13(th) month. No significant alterations were observed in any of the anthropometric measurements. Administration of GTPM significantly increased (p < 0.05) the antioxidant index and antioxidant enzyme activities when compared with the placebo group, whereas a concomitant decrease in the levels of lipid peroxidation were noted. Moreover, GTPM intake notably improved skin integrity and texture by markedly lowering (p < 0.05) skin wrinkles and roughness in elderly subjects. GTPM proved to be an effective antioxidant by lowering oxidative stress and thereby ameliorating skin texture and integrity.

title: Improvement of green tea XXXX with milk on skin with respect to antioxidation in healthy adults: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized crossover clinical trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This observational study aimed to identify clinical variables and health system characteristics associated with incomplete guideline application in drug treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 (HF) across 15 countries. METHODS: Three data sets were used: European Society of Cardiology @entity2 Registry, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Health System Characteristics Survey, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Health Statistics 2013. @entity0 and country variables were examined by multilevel, multiple logistic regression. The study population consisted of ambulatory @entity0 with chronic HF and reduced ejection fraction. Inappropriateness of prescription of pharmacological treatments was defined as @entity0 not prescribed at least one of the two recommended treatments (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-receptor blockers and beta-blockers) or treated with both medications but at suboptimal dosage and in absence of documented contraindication/intolerance. RESULTS: Of 4605 @entity0 , 1097 (23.8%) received inappropriate drug prescriptions with a large variation within and across countries, with 18.5% of the total variability accounted for by between-country health structure characteristics. @entity0 -level characteristics such as having @entity1 (odds ratio 1.4; 95% confidence interval 1.1-1.7) was significantly associated with inappropriate prescription of recommended drugs, whereas @entity3 (odds ratio 0.7; 95% confidence interval 0.5-0.9) was associated with more appropriate prescriptions. Among the country-level variables, incentives or obligation to comply with guidelines increased the probability of prescription appropriateness. CONCLUSIONS: Combining clinical variables with health system characteristics is a promising exercise to explain the appropriateness of recommended drug prescriptions. Such an understanding can help decision makers to design more effective policies to improve adherence to guidelines, improve health care outcomes, and potentially reduce costs.

title: Appropriateness of Prescriptions of Recommended Treatments in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Health Systems: Findings Based on the Long-Term Registry of the European Society of Cardiology on XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: An acute study of @entity7 ( @entity8 ) in @entity1 indicated the 4-hr LC50 to be 1.21 mg/liter. In a 2-week study, all animals exposed to 180 mg/m3 died prior to the sixth exposure, @entity1 exposed at concentrations of 66 and 24 mg/m3 showed clinical signs of @entity3 , body @entity4 , increased lung weights, and depressed liver weights. Histopathology showed @entity2 and pyknosis of the proximal tubular epithelium of the kidneys. This effect was limited to the high-concentration exposure group. Based on the results of these studies, Fischer 344 @entity1 were exposed 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks to a respirable, liquid aerosol of @entity8 at concentrations of 0, 2.0, 6.0, and 17 mg/m3. One @entity1 in the high exposure group died. The most significant finding in this group was @entity2 of the proximal tubular epithelium of the kidneys. Other observations noted during the study included dried material around the nose and mouth, rales and @entity6 , reversible @entity4 of serum total protein and globulin concentrations, and increases in urinary, serum, and bone @entity5 amounts. In the lower exposure groups, findings of @entity3 were minimal. All observations occurred in a dose-related pattern. Based on this study, exposure to @entity8 at 17 mg/m3 resulted in @entity0 , while exposure at 6 mg/m3, although showing elevations of @entity5 amounts, did not result in a toxic response.

title: Inhalation toxicity studies with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Red cells treated with @entity6 ( @entity7 ) in vitro were reinfused into the donor @entity2 and were monitored for changes in @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity4 (2,3 DPG), and P50. @entity3 and 2,3 @entity5 concentrations increased to 116 and 143 percent of control, respectively, when these cells were incubated with 60 mM @entity7 for 90 minutes at 37 degrees C. The @entity0 dissociation curve shifted to the right, and P50 increased from 24.5 to 30.6 torr as a result of the @entity7 treatment. When one-half of the circulating red cell volume was treated with @entity7 and reinfused into the animal, the red cell 2,3 DPG increased to 120 percent of pretransfusion values. The 2,3 DPG level remained elevated during the following day and returned to near pretransfusion levels on the third day. The P50 of the circulating blood paralleled the variations in the red cell 2,3 DPG level, and the capacity for @entity0 delivery was calculated to be raised by 13 to 38 percent for a period of 24 hours. In contrast, elevated red cell @entity3 returned to control values immediately after transfusion. In vivo viability, i.e., 24-hour survival and one-half disappearance time, of the cells pretreated with @entity7 were determined by a single-isotope technique using 51Cr. The results showed that @entity7 treatment did not injure the red cells. In addition, there was neither acute @entity1 nor a deleterious hemodynamic effect when large amounts of @entity7 were administered intravenously. These results suggest that @entity7 could be used clinically to improve the capacity of the circulating red cells to deliver @entity0 to the tissues.

title: Changes in @entity3 , XXXX , and P50 of @entity2 blood following transfusion of autologous red cells pretreated with @entity6 in vitro.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Red cells treated with @entity6 ( @entity7 ) in vitro were reinfused into the donor @entity2 and were monitored for changes in @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity4 (2,3 DPG), and P50. @entity3 and 2,3 @entity5 concentrations increased to 116 and 143 percent of control, respectively, when these cells were incubated with 60 mM @entity7 for 90 minutes at 37 degrees C. The @entity0 dissociation curve shifted to the right, and P50 increased from 24.5 to 30.6 torr as a result of the @entity7 treatment. When one-half of the circulating red cell volume was treated with @entity7 and reinfused into the animal, the red cell 2,3 DPG increased to 120 percent of pretransfusion values. The 2,3 DPG level remained elevated during the following day and returned to near pretransfusion levels on the third day. The P50 of the circulating blood paralleled the variations in the red cell 2,3 DPG level, and the capacity for @entity0 delivery was calculated to be raised by 13 to 38 percent for a period of 24 hours. In contrast, elevated red cell @entity3 returned to control values immediately after transfusion. In vivo viability, i.e., 24-hour survival and one-half disappearance time, of the cells pretreated with @entity7 were determined by a single-isotope technique using 51Cr. The results showed that @entity7 treatment did not injure the red cells. In addition, there was neither acute @entity1 nor a deleterious hemodynamic effect when large amounts of @entity7 were administered intravenously. These results suggest that @entity7 could be used clinically to improve the capacity of the circulating red cells to deliver @entity0 to the tissues.

title: Changes in @entity3 , @entity4 , and P50 of @entity2 blood following transfusion of autologous red cells pretreated with XXXX in vitro.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Red cells treated with @entity6 ( @entity7 ) in vitro were reinfused into the donor @entity2 and were monitored for changes in @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity4 (2,3 DPG), and P50. @entity3 and 2,3 @entity5 concentrations increased to 116 and 143 percent of control, respectively, when these cells were incubated with 60 mM @entity7 for 90 minutes at 37 degrees C. The @entity0 dissociation curve shifted to the right, and P50 increased from 24.5 to 30.6 torr as a result of the @entity7 treatment. When one-half of the circulating red cell volume was treated with @entity7 and reinfused into the animal, the red cell 2,3 DPG increased to 120 percent of pretransfusion values. The 2,3 DPG level remained elevated during the following day and returned to near pretransfusion levels on the third day. The P50 of the circulating blood paralleled the variations in the red cell 2,3 DPG level, and the capacity for @entity0 delivery was calculated to be raised by 13 to 38 percent for a period of 24 hours. In contrast, elevated red cell @entity3 returned to control values immediately after transfusion. In vivo viability, i.e., 24-hour survival and one-half disappearance time, of the cells pretreated with @entity7 were determined by a single-isotope technique using 51Cr. The results showed that @entity7 treatment did not injure the red cells. In addition, there was neither acute @entity1 nor a deleterious hemodynamic effect when large amounts of @entity7 were administered intravenously. These results suggest that @entity7 could be used clinically to improve the capacity of the circulating red cells to deliver @entity0 to the tissues.

title: Changes in XXXX , @entity4 , and P50 of @entity2 blood following transfusion of autologous red cells pretreated with @entity6 in vitro.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Red cells treated with @entity6 ( @entity7 ) in vitro were reinfused into the donor @entity2 and were monitored for changes in @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity4 (2,3 DPG), and P50. @entity3 and 2,3 @entity5 concentrations increased to 116 and 143 percent of control, respectively, when these cells were incubated with 60 mM @entity7 for 90 minutes at 37 degrees C. The @entity0 dissociation curve shifted to the right, and P50 increased from 24.5 to 30.6 torr as a result of the @entity7 treatment. When one-half of the circulating red cell volume was treated with @entity7 and reinfused into the animal, the red cell 2,3 DPG increased to 120 percent of pretransfusion values. The 2,3 DPG level remained elevated during the following day and returned to near pretransfusion levels on the third day. The P50 of the circulating blood paralleled the variations in the red cell 2,3 DPG level, and the capacity for @entity0 delivery was calculated to be raised by 13 to 38 percent for a period of 24 hours. In contrast, elevated red cell @entity3 returned to control values immediately after transfusion. In vivo viability, i.e., 24-hour survival and one-half disappearance time, of the cells pretreated with @entity7 were determined by a single-isotope technique using 51Cr. The results showed that @entity7 treatment did not injure the red cells. In addition, there was neither acute @entity1 nor a deleterious hemodynamic effect when large amounts of @entity7 were administered intravenously. These results suggest that @entity7 could be used clinically to improve the capacity of the circulating red cells to deliver @entity0 to the tissues.

title: Changes in @entity3 , @entity4 , and P50 of XXXX blood following transfusion of autologous red cells pretreated with @entity6 in vitro.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the past, @entity1 was usually treated with polytherapy, but with little knowledge as to the interactions and side-effects of the combinations of the anti- @entity1 drugs used. Adverse events and sparse clinical knowledge led to monotherapy becoming the treatment regime of choice. A new generation of drugs, which are well-tolerated and have few or predictable interactions, have enabled the reassessment of polytherapy for the treatment of @entity1 . Extensive clinical trials of these drugs are allowing the emergence of a new, rationalized approach to polytherapy. In our study, 19 @entity0 with refractory @entity1 , and who were 'socially active and integrated into society', received @entity5 as add-on therapy. @entity0 were taking a mean of 1.5 drugs, and five @entity0 were taking small doses of drugs which lead to tolerance, such as @entity6 and @entity3 . With @entity5 as add-on therapy, 14 @entity0 (73%) had a greater than 50% reduction in @entity2 frequency, and 10 (52%) had a greater than 70% reduction in @entity2 frequency. In one @entity0 , @entity2 frequency increased, and two @entity0 developed @entity4 . @entity5 was not shown to have any harmful effects in extensive laboratory, EEG and cognitive function tests. In fact, a minor improvement occurred in visual memory, which was probably related to the reduction in @entity2 . Addition of @entity5 may, therefore, be of benefit to @entity0 with @entity1 refractory to monotherapy with standard anti- @entity1 drugs.

title: Rationalized polytherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1