abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe tissue @entity1 leads to an early excessive activation of the complement and the coagulation system which is associated with a poor outcome. Besides extensive interactions between the two cascades on a fluid-phase level, studies suggest that key molecules in coagulation are expressed on leukocytes. Therefore, we examined the potential crosstalk between complement and coagulation on the leukocyte surface, and aimed to identify the involved molecular mechanisms especially after @entity4 . METHODS: A prospective clinical study was conducted in @entity0 after severe @entity1 (ISS>= 32) and healthy volunteers. The study was approved by the Independent Local Ethics Committee of the University of Ulm. Blood was obtained upon admission to the ER and 4h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 120h and 240h after @entity1 . Key players of complement and coagulation on the leukocyte cell surface were analyzed by flow cytometry in comparison to expression profiles in healthy volunteers. RESULTS: All leukocytes showed significantly increased expression of @entity5 during later time points after @entity1 , possibly accounting for decreased fibrinolysis and enhanced risk of @entity2 . TCC was significantly incorporated in monocyte membranes at increased amounts early after @entity1 , returning to base line levels on days 5 and 10. A similar expression pattern was observed for @entity6 , an essential regulator of protein C activation. TCC levels on monocytes positively correlated with @entity6 expression and negatively with platelet counts. CONCLUSION: The data are indicative of so far unknown interactions between complement and coagulation on a cellular level and the potential role of leukocyte surface molecules in the development of @entity3 after @entity1 .

title: T-9: LEUKOCYTES MEDIATE THE CROSSTALK BETWEEN THE COMPLEMENT AND COAGULATION SYSTEM IN POLYTRAUMA XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It has frequently been reported that exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) may cause negative health effects, such as @entity0 , circadian phase disruption and @entity2 . Here, we reviewed the literature assessing the effects of @entity1 exposure to ALAN in order to list the health effects of various aspects of ALAN. Several electronic databases were searched for articles, published through August 2014, related to assessing the effects of exposure to ALAN on @entity1 health; these also included the details of experiments on such exposure. A total of 85 articles were included in the review. Several observational studies showed that outdoor ALAN levels are a risk factor for @entity0 and reported that indoor light intensity and individual lighting habits were relevant to this risk. Exposure to artificial bright light during the nighttime suppresses @entity4 secretion, increases sleep onset latency (SOL) and increases alertness. Circadian misalignment caused by chronic ALAN exposure may have negative effects on the @entity3 and/or metabolic functions. ALAN also causes circadian phase disruption, which increases with longer duration of exposure and with exposure later in the evening. It has also been reported that shorter wavelengths of light preferentially disturb @entity4 secretion and cause circadian phase shifts, even if the light is not bright. This literature review may be helpful to understand the health effects of ALAN exposure and suggests that it is necessary to consider various characteristics of artificial light, beyond mere intensity.

title: Effects of artificial light at night on XXXX health: A literature review of observational and experimental studies applied to exposure assessment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Endoscopic photography, double contrast cystography, transurethral echography, X-ray CT scan, and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) were utilized for the staging diagnosis of the four @entity0 with @entity2 . In the first case, a 70-year-old @entity0 , since all of the five imaging procedures suggested a superficial and pedunculated @entity1 , his @entity2 was considered T1. The classification of stage T3 @entity3 was made for the second 86-year-old male. Because all of his imaging examinations showed a @entity1 infiltrating deep muscle and penetrating the bladder wall. The third case was a 36-year-old male. His clinical stage was diagnosed as T2 or T3a by cystophotography, double contrast cystogram, ultrasonography, and X-ray CT scan. However, MRI showed only thickened bladder wall and the infiltrating @entity1 could not be distinguished from the @entity4 wall. The last @entity0 , a 85-year-old female, had a smaller Ta @entity1 . Her double contrast cystography revealed the small @entity1 at the lateral bladder wall. But, the @entity1 could not be detected by transaxial, sagittal and coronal scans. Multiple imaging procedures combining MRI and staging diagnosis of the @entity2 were discussed.

title: [Multiple imaging procedures including MRI in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intramammary infusion of the antigen used to sensitize @entity3 by the systemic route induces a local @entity0 associated with neutrophil recruitment. We hypothesize that this form of delayed @entity1 , which may occur naturally during @entity2 or could be induced intentionally by vaccination, can impact the outcome of mammary gland @entity2 . We immunized @entity3 with @entity9 to identify immunological correlates of antigen-specific mammary @entity0 . Intraluminal injection of @entity9 induced a @entity5 characterized by a prompt tissue reaction (increase in teat wall thickness) and an intense influx of leukocytes into milk of 10 responder @entity3 out of 14 immunized animals. The magnitude of the local inflammatory reaction, assessed through @entity4 , correlated with antibody titers, skin thickness test, and production of @entity10 and IFN-y in a whole-blood antigen stimulation assay (WBA). The production of these two cytokines significantly correlated with the magnitude of the @entity4 following the @entity9 intramammary challenge. The @entity10 and IFN-y production in the WBA was dependent on the presence of @entity8 + cells in blood samples. In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with @entity9 followed by stimulation with @entity7 / @entity6 allowed the identification by flow cytometry of @entity8 + T cells producing either @entity10 , IFN-y, or both cytokines. The results indicate that the antigen-specific WBA, and specifically @entity10 and IFN-y production by circulating @entity8 + cells, can be used as a predictor of mammary hypersensitivity to protein antigens. This prompts further studies aiming at determining how Th17 and/or Th1 lymphocytes modulate the immune response of the mammary gland to infection.

title: Antigen-Specific Mammary Inflammation Depends on the Production of XXXX and IFN-y by @entity3 @entity8 + T Lymphocytes.

answer: @entity10


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intramammary infusion of the antigen used to sensitize @entity3 by the systemic route induces a local @entity0 associated with neutrophil recruitment. We hypothesize that this form of delayed @entity1 , which may occur naturally during @entity2 or could be induced intentionally by vaccination, can impact the outcome of mammary gland @entity2 . We immunized @entity3 with @entity9 to identify immunological correlates of antigen-specific mammary @entity0 . Intraluminal injection of @entity9 induced a @entity5 characterized by a prompt tissue reaction (increase in teat wall thickness) and an intense influx of leukocytes into milk of 10 responder @entity3 out of 14 immunized animals. The magnitude of the local inflammatory reaction, assessed through @entity4 , correlated with antibody titers, skin thickness test, and production of @entity10 and IFN-y in a whole-blood antigen stimulation assay (WBA). The production of these two cytokines significantly correlated with the magnitude of the @entity4 following the @entity9 intramammary challenge. The @entity10 and IFN-y production in the WBA was dependent on the presence of @entity8 + cells in blood samples. In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with @entity9 followed by stimulation with @entity7 / @entity6 allowed the identification by flow cytometry of @entity8 + T cells producing either @entity10 , IFN-y, or both cytokines. The results indicate that the antigen-specific WBA, and specifically @entity10 and IFN-y production by circulating @entity8 + cells, can be used as a predictor of mammary hypersensitivity to protein antigens. This prompts further studies aiming at determining how Th17 and/or Th1 lymphocytes modulate the immune response of the mammary gland to infection.

title: Antigen-Specific Mammary Inflammation Depends on the Production of @entity10 and IFN-y by XXXX @entity8 + T Lymphocytes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intramammary infusion of the antigen used to sensitize @entity3 by the systemic route induces a local @entity0 associated with neutrophil recruitment. We hypothesize that this form of delayed @entity1 , which may occur naturally during @entity2 or could be induced intentionally by vaccination, can impact the outcome of mammary gland @entity2 . We immunized @entity3 with @entity9 to identify immunological correlates of antigen-specific mammary @entity0 . Intraluminal injection of @entity9 induced a @entity5 characterized by a prompt tissue reaction (increase in teat wall thickness) and an intense influx of leukocytes into milk of 10 responder @entity3 out of 14 immunized animals. The magnitude of the local inflammatory reaction, assessed through @entity4 , correlated with antibody titers, skin thickness test, and production of @entity10 and IFN-y in a whole-blood antigen stimulation assay (WBA). The production of these two cytokines significantly correlated with the magnitude of the @entity4 following the @entity9 intramammary challenge. The @entity10 and IFN-y production in the WBA was dependent on the presence of @entity8 + cells in blood samples. In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with @entity9 followed by stimulation with @entity7 / @entity6 allowed the identification by flow cytometry of @entity8 + T cells producing either @entity10 , IFN-y, or both cytokines. The results indicate that the antigen-specific WBA, and specifically @entity10 and IFN-y production by circulating @entity8 + cells, can be used as a predictor of mammary hypersensitivity to protein antigens. This prompts further studies aiming at determining how Th17 and/or Th1 lymphocytes modulate the immune response of the mammary gland to infection.

title: Antigen-Specific Mammary Inflammation Depends on the Production of @entity10 and IFN-y by @entity3 XXXX + T Lymphocytes.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Transcatheter @entity3 (TAVI) is an interventional method for the treatment of severe @entity2 . TAVI is indicated in @entity0 who have been identified by the heart team as surgically inoperable or operable at very high risk. The advantage is minimal invasive approach with the absence of sternotomy and extracorporeal blood circulation. Interventional procedure does not allow direct visualization of the anatomical relations at the site of the final valve position (aortic anulus). For this reason it is essential to ensure appropriate view by high quality imaging methods. A standard method for the evaluation of the anatomical relations before TAVI is multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with 3D reconstruction. In the future, the MDCT would be replaced by three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE), which does not require ionizing radiation, there is no postcontrast @entity1 and hypersensitive reaction to @entity4 compared to MDCT. Furthermore, it provides direct measurements during the procedure and ensures easier and cheaper dispensarisation of the @entity0 . A multicenter randomized PARTNER trial clearly demonstrated significant benefits of inoperable @entity0 with severe @entity2 treated by TAVI. Recently published CoreValve US Pivotal randomized trial demonstrated higher efficiency and safety of TAVI in direct comparison with surgical treatment. The aim of this review is to provide current knowledge of TAVI, preparation of the @entity0 before the intervention, the process of intervention, dispensarisation, as well as affecting the quality of @entity0 life.Key words: aortic anulus - aortic valve - heart team - multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) - three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) - transcatheter @entity3 (TAVI).

title: [Transcatheter XXXX - diagnostic, procedure and outcomes].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Multiple factors may modify the pharmacokinetics of @entity3 and increase their nephrotoxic potential. In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity2 endotoxin on the renal handling of several @entity3 and one @entity9 . Drug levels in the @entity0 , as well as several parameters of renal function and histology, were compared in @entity1 treated with endotoxin (0.25 mg/kg) and normal @entity1 treated with either @entity4 (10 mg/kg), @entity7 (10 mg/kg), @entity5 (10 mg/kg), @entity6 (50 mg/kg), or @entity8 (100 mg/kg). Blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded. Endotoxin was associated with a decrease in the half-life and in the apparent volume of distribution of @entity4 . The endotoxin-injected animals accumulated significantly (P less than 0.05) more @entity3 in their kidneys than the normal animals. The amount of @entity8 recovered in the @entity0 was identical in both groups. Slight decreases in the glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were observed after endotoxin treatment. Blood pressure and cardiac frequency were minimally affected by endotoxin. No histological lesions were observed by light microscopy in animals receiving endotoxin. Thus, endotoxin modifies the renal handling of @entity3 in the absence of any major physiological disturbance or histological change. By increasing the total amount of @entity0 , endotoxin might increase the nephrotoxic potential of @entity3 .

title: Influence of endotoxin on the intrarenal distribution of @entity4 , XXXX , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity8 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Multiple factors may modify the pharmacokinetics of @entity3 and increase their nephrotoxic potential. In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity2 endotoxin on the renal handling of several @entity3 and one @entity9 . Drug levels in the @entity0 , as well as several parameters of renal function and histology, were compared in @entity1 treated with endotoxin (0.25 mg/kg) and normal @entity1 treated with either @entity4 (10 mg/kg), @entity7 (10 mg/kg), @entity5 (10 mg/kg), @entity6 (50 mg/kg), or @entity8 (100 mg/kg). Blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded. Endotoxin was associated with a decrease in the half-life and in the apparent volume of distribution of @entity4 . The endotoxin-injected animals accumulated significantly (P less than 0.05) more @entity3 in their kidneys than the normal animals. The amount of @entity8 recovered in the @entity0 was identical in both groups. Slight decreases in the glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were observed after endotoxin treatment. Blood pressure and cardiac frequency were minimally affected by endotoxin. No histological lesions were observed by light microscopy in animals receiving endotoxin. Thus, endotoxin modifies the renal handling of @entity3 in the absence of any major physiological disturbance or histological change. By increasing the total amount of @entity0 , endotoxin might increase the nephrotoxic potential of @entity3 .

title: Influence of endotoxin on the intrarenal distribution of @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity5 , XXXX , and @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Multiple factors may modify the pharmacokinetics of @entity3 and increase their nephrotoxic potential. In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity2 endotoxin on the renal handling of several @entity3 and one @entity9 . Drug levels in the @entity0 , as well as several parameters of renal function and histology, were compared in @entity1 treated with endotoxin (0.25 mg/kg) and normal @entity1 treated with either @entity4 (10 mg/kg), @entity7 (10 mg/kg), @entity5 (10 mg/kg), @entity6 (50 mg/kg), or @entity8 (100 mg/kg). Blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded. Endotoxin was associated with a decrease in the half-life and in the apparent volume of distribution of @entity4 . The endotoxin-injected animals accumulated significantly (P less than 0.05) more @entity3 in their kidneys than the normal animals. The amount of @entity8 recovered in the @entity0 was identical in both groups. Slight decreases in the glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were observed after endotoxin treatment. Blood pressure and cardiac frequency were minimally affected by endotoxin. No histological lesions were observed by light microscopy in animals receiving endotoxin. Thus, endotoxin modifies the renal handling of @entity3 in the absence of any major physiological disturbance or histological change. By increasing the total amount of @entity0 , endotoxin might increase the nephrotoxic potential of @entity3 .

title: Influence of endotoxin on the intrarenal distribution of @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Multiple factors may modify the pharmacokinetics of @entity3 and increase their nephrotoxic potential. In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity2 endotoxin on the renal handling of several @entity3 and one @entity9 . Drug levels in the @entity0 , as well as several parameters of renal function and histology, were compared in @entity1 treated with endotoxin (0.25 mg/kg) and normal @entity1 treated with either @entity4 (10 mg/kg), @entity7 (10 mg/kg), @entity5 (10 mg/kg), @entity6 (50 mg/kg), or @entity8 (100 mg/kg). Blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded. Endotoxin was associated with a decrease in the half-life and in the apparent volume of distribution of @entity4 . The endotoxin-injected animals accumulated significantly (P less than 0.05) more @entity3 in their kidneys than the normal animals. The amount of @entity8 recovered in the @entity0 was identical in both groups. Slight decreases in the glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were observed after endotoxin treatment. Blood pressure and cardiac frequency were minimally affected by endotoxin. No histological lesions were observed by light microscopy in animals receiving endotoxin. Thus, endotoxin modifies the renal handling of @entity3 in the absence of any major physiological disturbance or histological change. By increasing the total amount of @entity0 , endotoxin might increase the nephrotoxic potential of @entity3 .

title: Influence of endotoxin on the intrarenal distribution of @entity4 , @entity7 , XXXX , @entity6 , and @entity8 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Multiple factors may modify the pharmacokinetics of @entity3 and increase their nephrotoxic potential. In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity2 endotoxin on the renal handling of several @entity3 and one @entity9 . Drug levels in the @entity0 , as well as several parameters of renal function and histology, were compared in @entity1 treated with endotoxin (0.25 mg/kg) and normal @entity1 treated with either @entity4 (10 mg/kg), @entity7 (10 mg/kg), @entity5 (10 mg/kg), @entity6 (50 mg/kg), or @entity8 (100 mg/kg). Blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded. Endotoxin was associated with a decrease in the half-life and in the apparent volume of distribution of @entity4 . The endotoxin-injected animals accumulated significantly (P less than 0.05) more @entity3 in their kidneys than the normal animals. The amount of @entity8 recovered in the @entity0 was identical in both groups. Slight decreases in the glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were observed after endotoxin treatment. Blood pressure and cardiac frequency were minimally affected by endotoxin. No histological lesions were observed by light microscopy in animals receiving endotoxin. Thus, endotoxin modifies the renal handling of @entity3 in the absence of any major physiological disturbance or histological change. By increasing the total amount of @entity0 , endotoxin might increase the nephrotoxic potential of @entity3 .

title: Influence of endotoxin on the intrarenal distribution of XXXX , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity8 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity2 ), especially in older adults, is the most common @entity0 and a major public health problem. Overweight older adults are at a high risk of developing @entity2 and suffering from @entity2 , which cause older adults to become disabled and have functional limitations. The reduction of knee @entity1 and the maintenance of physical functions of overweight older adults with @entity2 are critical. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of multifactorial intervention programs (MUFIPs) on health behavior and symptoms control in overweight older Thais with @entity3 . METHODS: Eighty overweight older Thais with @entity3 living in communities were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received MUFIPs, including health education, a weight-reduction/control program, a quadriceps exercise training class followed by a home-based exercise program, and a home visit program. The control group did not receive the MUFIPs. Changes in the study variables were assessed at baseline and 8- week follow-ups. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and independent t test analyses. RESULTS: The experimental group had significant improvement in @entity2 knowledge, illness representation, health behavior, movement ability, and joint range of motion, and had reduction in knee @entity1 and body weight. All these variables were observed to have significant differences between experimental and control groups. CONCLUSION: The MUFIPs can break down the progression of the disease among overweight older Thais with @entity3 .

title: The Effect of Multifactorial Intervention Programs on Health Behavior and Symptom Control Among Community-Dwelling Overweight Older Adults With XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Our scientific, logistical, ethical and animal welfare-related concerns about the latest US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for existing and so-called 'new' @entity2 products, aimed at reducing harmful exposures, are explained. Such claims for sales in the USA now have to be based on a wide range of information, a key part of which will increasingly be data on safety and risk. One of the pathways to achieve marketing authorisation is to demonstrate @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with benchmark products, called predicates. However, the regulations are insufficiently transparent with regard to: a) a rationale for the cut-off date for 'old' and 'new' products, and for exempting the former from regulation; b) the scientific validity and operation of @entity5 ; c) options for product labelling to circumvent @entity5 ; d) the experimental data required to support, and criteria to judge, a claim; and e) a strategy for risk assessment/management. Scientific problems related to the traditional animal methods used in @entity4 and inhalation toxicology, and the use of quantitative comparators of @entity1 , such as the No Observed Adverse Effect Level, are discussed. We review the advantages of relevant in vitro, mechanism-based, target tissue-oriented technologies, which an advisory report of the Institute of Medicine of the US National Academy of Sciences largely overlooked. These benefits include: a) the availability, for every major site in the respiratory tract, of organotypic @entity0 cell-based tissue culture systems, many of which are already being used by the industry; b) the accurate determination of concentrations of test materials received by target cells; c) methods for exposure to particulate and vapour phases of smoke, separately or combined; d) the ability to study tissue-specific biotransformation; and e) the use of modern, @entity0 -focused methodologies, unaffected by species differences. How data extrapolation, for risk assessment, from tissue culture to the whole animal, could be addressed, is also discussed. A cost (to animal welfare)-benefit (to society, including industry and consumers) analysis was conducted, taking into account the above information; the potential for animal suffering; the extensive data already available; the existence of other, less hazardous forms of @entity3 delivery; the fact that much data will be generated solely for benchmarking; and that many smokers (especially @entity3 -dependents) ignore health warnings. It is concluded that, in common with policies of several @entity2 companies and countries, the use of laboratory animals for @entity2 testing is very difficult, if not impossible, to justify. Instead, we propose and argue for an integrated testing scheme, starting with extensive chemical analysis of the ingredients and by-products associated with the use of @entity2 products and their @entity1 , followed by use of in vitro systems and early clinical studies (involving specific biomarkers) with weight-of-evidence assessments at each stage. Appropriate adjustment factors could be developed to enable concentration-response data obtained in vitro, with the other information generated by the strategy, to enable the FDA to meet its objectives. It is hoped that our intentionally provocative ideas will stimulate further debate on this contentious area of regulatory testing and public safety.

title: A critical assessment of the scientific basis, and implementation, of regulations for the safety assessment and marketing of innovative XXXX -related products.

answer: @entity2


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to develop a new strategy to deliver drugs to the inner ear from @entity2 ( @entity5 )-loaded silicone implants and to evaluate the distribution of the drug in the cochlea with confocal microscopy. BACKGROUND: Systemic drug administration for the treatment of @entity1 is tricky because of the blood-cochlear barrier, a difficult anatomical access, the small size of the cochlea, and can cause significant adverse effects. An effective way to overcome these obstacles is to administer drugs locally. METHODS: In vitro, the drug release from @entity5 -loaded @entity4 -based thin films and tiny implants into artificial perilymph was thoroughly analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. In vivo, a silicone implant loaded with 10% @entity5 and 5% @entity3 was implanted next to the stapes's footplate of gerbils. Delivery of @entity5 into the inner ear was proved by confocal microscopy imaging of the whole cochlea and the organ of Corti. RESULTS: The study showed a continuous and prolonged release during 90 days in vitro. This was confirmed by confocal microscopy that allowed detection of @entity5 by fluorescence labeling in the cell body of the hair cells for at least 30 days. Interestingly, fluorescence was already observed after 20 minutes of implantation, reached a climax at day 7, and could still be detected 30 days after implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, we developed a new device for local @entity0 delivery into the oval window with an extended drug release of @entity5 to the inner ear.

title: Trans-Oval-Window Implants, A New Approach for Drug Delivery to the Inner Ear: Extended @entity2 Release From XXXX -based Implants.

answer: @entity4


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to develop a new strategy to deliver drugs to the inner ear from @entity2 ( @entity5 )-loaded silicone implants and to evaluate the distribution of the drug in the cochlea with confocal microscopy. BACKGROUND: Systemic drug administration for the treatment of @entity1 is tricky because of the blood-cochlear barrier, a difficult anatomical access, the small size of the cochlea, and can cause significant adverse effects. An effective way to overcome these obstacles is to administer drugs locally. METHODS: In vitro, the drug release from @entity5 -loaded @entity4 -based thin films and tiny implants into artificial perilymph was thoroughly analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. In vivo, a silicone implant loaded with 10% @entity5 and 5% @entity3 was implanted next to the stapes's footplate of gerbils. Delivery of @entity5 into the inner ear was proved by confocal microscopy imaging of the whole cochlea and the organ of Corti. RESULTS: The study showed a continuous and prolonged release during 90 days in vitro. This was confirmed by confocal microscopy that allowed detection of @entity5 by fluorescence labeling in the cell body of the hair cells for at least 30 days. Interestingly, fluorescence was already observed after 20 minutes of implantation, reached a climax at day 7, and could still be detected 30 days after implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, we developed a new device for local @entity0 delivery into the oval window with an extended drug release of @entity5 to the inner ear.

title: Trans-Oval-Window Implants, A New Approach for Drug Delivery to the Inner Ear: Extended XXXX Release From @entity4 -based Implants.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of single doses of a @entity7 ( @entity7 ) on lower limb @entity2 in individuals with @entity1 . DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. SETTING: Outpatient research setting. @entity0 : Ten individuals with post- @entity1 hemiplegia > 1 year duration (mean    standard deviation: 57  10 years; 7 males) completed all assessments. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were assessed prior to and 5 hours following single-dose, over-encapsulated 10 mg doses of @entity5 ( @entity7 ) or placebo, with 1 week between conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary assessments included maximal ankle and knee isometric strength, and velocity-dependent (30-120  /s) plantarflexor stretch reflexes under passive conditions, and separately during and following superimposed maximal volitional drive to simulate conditions of increased @entity4 release. Secondary measures included clinical measures of lower limb @entity6 and locomotion. RESULTS: @entity7 administration significantly increased stretch reflex torques at higher stretch velocities (e.g., 90  /s; p=0.03), reflexes at lower velocities enhanced by superimposed voluntary drive (p=0.02). No significant improvements were seen in volitional peak torques or in clinical measures of lower limb function (lowest p=0.10) CONCLUSION: Increases in @entity3 but not strength or lower limb function were observed with single dose @entity7 administration in individuals with @entity1 . Further studies should evaluate whether repeated dosing of SSRIs, or as combined with specific interventions, are required to elicit significant benefit of these agents on lower limb function post- @entity1 .

title: Increased lower limb XXXX but not strength or function following a single-dose @entity4 reuptake inhibitor in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of single doses of a @entity7 ( @entity7 ) on lower limb @entity2 in individuals with @entity1 . DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. SETTING: Outpatient research setting. @entity0 : Ten individuals with post- @entity1 hemiplegia > 1 year duration (mean    standard deviation: 57  10 years; 7 males) completed all assessments. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were assessed prior to and 5 hours following single-dose, over-encapsulated 10 mg doses of @entity5 ( @entity7 ) or placebo, with 1 week between conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary assessments included maximal ankle and knee isometric strength, and velocity-dependent (30-120  /s) plantarflexor stretch reflexes under passive conditions, and separately during and following superimposed maximal volitional drive to simulate conditions of increased @entity4 release. Secondary measures included clinical measures of lower limb @entity6 and locomotion. RESULTS: @entity7 administration significantly increased stretch reflex torques at higher stretch velocities (e.g., 90  /s; p=0.03), reflexes at lower velocities enhanced by superimposed voluntary drive (p=0.02). No significant improvements were seen in volitional peak torques or in clinical measures of lower limb function (lowest p=0.10) CONCLUSION: Increases in @entity3 but not strength or lower limb function were observed with single dose @entity7 administration in individuals with @entity1 . Further studies should evaluate whether repeated dosing of SSRIs, or as combined with specific interventions, are required to elicit significant benefit of these agents on lower limb function post- @entity1 .

title: Increased lower limb @entity3 but not strength or function following a single-dose @entity4 reuptake inhibitor in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of single doses of a @entity7 ( @entity7 ) on lower limb @entity2 in individuals with @entity1 . DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. SETTING: Outpatient research setting. @entity0 : Ten individuals with post- @entity1 hemiplegia > 1 year duration (mean    standard deviation: 57  10 years; 7 males) completed all assessments. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were assessed prior to and 5 hours following single-dose, over-encapsulated 10 mg doses of @entity5 ( @entity7 ) or placebo, with 1 week between conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary assessments included maximal ankle and knee isometric strength, and velocity-dependent (30-120  /s) plantarflexor stretch reflexes under passive conditions, and separately during and following superimposed maximal volitional drive to simulate conditions of increased @entity4 release. Secondary measures included clinical measures of lower limb @entity6 and locomotion. RESULTS: @entity7 administration significantly increased stretch reflex torques at higher stretch velocities (e.g., 90  /s; p=0.03), reflexes at lower velocities enhanced by superimposed voluntary drive (p=0.02). No significant improvements were seen in volitional peak torques or in clinical measures of lower limb function (lowest p=0.10) CONCLUSION: Increases in @entity3 but not strength or lower limb function were observed with single dose @entity7 administration in individuals with @entity1 . Further studies should evaluate whether repeated dosing of SSRIs, or as combined with specific interventions, are required to elicit significant benefit of these agents on lower limb function post- @entity1 .

title: Increased lower limb @entity3 but not strength or function following a single-dose XXXX reuptake inhibitor in @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Studies on @entity1 and the risk of type 2 @entity0 have revealed inconsistent results, possibly due to differences in the definition of weight fluctuations. Here, we investigated whether @entity1 during adulthood is related to @entity0 risk in a large cohort study, using a complementary approach to define patterns of weight development. METHODS: Weight cycling, @entity1 and @entity2 were defined (1) a priori, using distinct categories, and (2) by functional principal component analysis (FPCA) to capture weight patterns in greater detail. Associations of @entity1 , @entity1 and @entity2 with the risk of type 2 @entity0 were evaluated by Cox regression models. RESULTS: A priori defined @entity1 was associated with increased @entity0 risk, compared with stable weight (HR 1.36 [95% CI 1.09, 1.68]). No significant association between FPCA-derived @entity1 and risk of @entity0 was observed after adjustment for concurrent weight patterns (HR 1.19 [95% CI 0.89, 1.60]). Subgroup analyses showed that FPCA-derived @entity1 during net @entity2 was associated with a higher risk of @entity0 (HR 1.68 [95% CI 1.14, 2.48]). A priori defined @entity2 (HR 2.08 [95% CI 1.60, 2.70]) was more clearly related to the risk of @entity0 than FPCA-derived @entity2 (HR 1.20 [95% CI 0.95, 1.51]), while no significant associations were observed for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Overall, @entity1 may not be an independent risk factor for type 2 @entity0 when accounting for concurrent patterns of weight development. However, @entity1 may pose a stronger risk of @entity0 than non-cycling during net @entity2 .

title: Weight cycling and the risk of type 2 XXXX in the EPIC-Germany cohort.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic disparities in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) influence medical treatment. In addition to socioeconomic barriers, the Veteran population suffers from significant psychosocial obstacles. This study identifies the social challenges that Veterans face while undergoing treatment for @entity2 . METHODS: One hundred Veterans at the Palo Alto VA treated for @entity2 from 2009 to 2014 (50 consecutive @entity0 who underwent a surgical procedure; 50 treated with intra-arterial therapy) were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Substance abuse history was identified in 96%, and half were unemployed. Most @entity0 survived on a limited income [median  1340, interquartile range (IQR) 900-2125]; 36% on  <=   1000/month, 37% between  1001-2000/month and 27% with > 2000/month. A history of homelessness was found in 30%, more common in those of the lowest income (57% of  <= 1K/month group, 23% of  1-2K/month group and 9% of > 2K/month group, P  <  0.01). @entity1 was present in 64/100 @entity0 ; among these the majority received ongoing psychiatric treatment. Transportation was provided to 23% of @entity0 who would otherwise have been unable to attend medical appointments. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and @entity3 are highly prevalent among Veterans with @entity2 . Most @entity0 survive on a very meager income. These profound socioeconomic and psychosocial problems must be recognized when providing care for @entity2 to this population to provide adequate treatment and surveillance.

title: Missing the obvious: psychosocial obstacles in Veterans with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity2 in nurses and to observe its correlation with negative mental health ( @entity1 , @entity0 and stress). Further to examine the role of @entity2 as a predictor of negative mental health in nurses and to explore the differences in the experience of @entity1 , @entity0 and stress between junior and senior nurses. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Public Sector Hospitals in Lahore, from December 2011 to March 2012. METHODOLOGY: Asample of 200 nurses with age range 23 to 46 years was obtained. Assessment tools used in the study were @entity2 Experience Questionnaire (SHEQ) by Kamal, and @entity1 , @entity0 and Stress Scale (DASS) by Lovibond and Lovibond. RESULTS: Mean age of the nurses was 29.80   7.10 years. Among these 63% were married and 37% unmarried. The mean working experience of nurses was 13.7   3. 52 years and their mean monthly income was 27820   13687.32 rupees. Their working hours ranged from 8 to 16 hours (M = 8.32, SD = 2.12). The mean prevalence of @entity2 was 71.66   19.01. Asignificant positive correlation of @entity2 with @entity1 , @entity0 , stress and combined effect of them (DASS) was found. Multiple regression analysis showed @entity2 as significant predictor of @entity1 (b= 0.47, p < .001), @entity0 (b= 0.43, p < .001) and stress (b= 0.45, p < .001) in nurses. CONCLUSION: Sexual harassment was found to be a predictor of negative mental health in the form of @entity1 , @entity0 and stress in nurses of public hospitals.

title: The XXXX and its Mental Health Consequences Among Nurses.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Penetrating @entity1 are high-risk, high-mortality injuries considering the outcomes. Therefore, it is important to choose the appropriate incision. In general clinical settings, thoracotomy and median sternotomy are choices of incisions to explore the injury. In this study, the results of median sternotomy and thoracotomy in penetrating @entity1 were compared. METHODS: Between January 2003 and December 2013, forty @entity0 , who underwent either thoracotomy or median sternotomy for penetrating @entity1 , were retrospectively analyzed, and the collected data were compared. Twenty-six @entity0 underwent thoracotomy (Group 1), and fourteen @entity0 underwent median sternotomy (Group 2). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant gender difference between the groups. However, the mean age in Group 2 was found to be significantly higher than the one in Group 1 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: There were no significant survival differences between the groups in the long term. Incision choice should be determined considering the site of injury and whether there is an accompanying @entity2 or not. On the other hand, thoracotomy has some draw backs compared to median sternotomy.

title: Choice of incision in penetrating XXXX : Which one must we prefer: Thoracotomy or sternotomy?

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Pudendal nerve injection is used as a diagnostic procedure in the vulvar region and for therapeutic purposes, such as in @entity3 . Here, we provide a new, easy-to-perform perineal injection technique. @entity0 AND METHODS: We analyzed 105 perineal injections into the pudendal nerve with a local anesthetic (LA), @entity5 in 20 @entity0 . A 0.4  *  40  mm needle was handled using a stop-and-go technique while monitoring the @entity0 's discomfort. The needle was placed 1-2  cm laterally to the dorsal introitus. After aspiration, a small amount of LA was applied. After subcutaneous anesthesia, the needle was further advanced step-by-step. Thus, 5  ml could be applied with little discomfort to the @entity0 . Anesthesia in the pudendal target region was the primary endpoint of our analysis. RESULTS: In 93 of 105 injections (88.6  %), complete perineal anesthesia was achieved with a single injection. 12 injections were repeated. These injections were excluded from the analysis. Severity of injection @entity1 , on visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 to 100, was 26.8 (95  % CI 7.2-46.4). Age (b  =  0.33, p  <  0.01) and the number of previous injections (b  =  0.35, p  <  0.01) inversely correlated with injection @entity1 . Injection @entity1 and anesthesia were not affected by BMI, the number and the side of previous injections, or order of injection. A reversible @entity2 was common, but no serious adverse effects occurred. CONCLUSION: Perineal pudendal injection is an effective and safe technique for anesthesia in diagnostic (vulva biopsy) and therapeutic indications ( @entity4 ), and regional anesthesia in perinatal settings.

title: New perineal injection technique for XXXX in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To define effectiveness and safety of CT-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of @entity3 and prognostic indicators for treatment success. METHODS: @entity0 with a single treatment of a solitary, biopsy-proven @entity3 with intent to cure over a 14-year period were included (n   =   203). Probability of @entity2 over time, complication rates and all-cause mortality were assessed in relation to multiple variables. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 size was 2.5  cm (range 1.0-6.0). Mean follow-up was 34.1  months (range 1-131). There was an increase in likelihood of @entity2 for @entity1 >= 3.5  cm (P   <   0.05), clear cell subtype of @entity4 (P    <=   0.005) and maximum treatment temperature  <=70    C (P   <   0.05). There was a decrease in likelihood of @entity2 for @entity1 (P   =   0.01) and no difference based on age, gender, @entity1 location or type of radio freqency (RF) electrode used. Major complications occurred in 3.9  %. Median post-treatment survival was 7  years for @entity0 with @entity1 <4  cm, and 5-year overall survival was 80  %. Probability of minor complication increased with @entity1 size (P   =   0.03), as did all-cause mortality (P   =   0.005). CONCLUSIONS: CT-guided RFA is safe and effective for @entity3 , particularly for @entity1 measuring <3.5  cm. Overall 5-year survival with @entity1 <4  cm is comparable to partial nephrectomy. KEY POINTS:     Prognostic indicators for success of CT-guided RFA of @entity3 are reported.     @entity1 size >= 3.5  cm confers an increased risk for @entity1 .     @entity4 subtype confers increased risk for @entity1 .     Tmax <70    C within the ablation zone confers increased risk for @entity1 .     @entity1 have a lower probability of @entity2 .

title: Effectiveness and safety of computed tomography-guided radiofrequency ablation of XXXX : a 14-year single institution experience in 203 @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To define effectiveness and safety of CT-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of @entity3 and prognostic indicators for treatment success. METHODS: @entity0 with a single treatment of a solitary, biopsy-proven @entity3 with intent to cure over a 14-year period were included (n   =   203). Probability of @entity2 over time, complication rates and all-cause mortality were assessed in relation to multiple variables. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 size was 2.5  cm (range 1.0-6.0). Mean follow-up was 34.1  months (range 1-131). There was an increase in likelihood of @entity2 for @entity1 >= 3.5  cm (P   <   0.05), clear cell subtype of @entity4 (P    <=   0.005) and maximum treatment temperature  <=70    C (P   <   0.05). There was a decrease in likelihood of @entity2 for @entity1 (P   =   0.01) and no difference based on age, gender, @entity1 location or type of radio freqency (RF) electrode used. Major complications occurred in 3.9  %. Median post-treatment survival was 7  years for @entity0 with @entity1 <4  cm, and 5-year overall survival was 80  %. Probability of minor complication increased with @entity1 size (P   =   0.03), as did all-cause mortality (P   =   0.005). CONCLUSIONS: CT-guided RFA is safe and effective for @entity3 , particularly for @entity1 measuring <3.5  cm. Overall 5-year survival with @entity1 <4  cm is comparable to partial nephrectomy. KEY POINTS:     Prognostic indicators for success of CT-guided RFA of @entity3 are reported.     @entity1 size >= 3.5  cm confers an increased risk for @entity1 .     @entity4 subtype confers increased risk for @entity1 .     Tmax <70    C within the ablation zone confers increased risk for @entity1 .     @entity1 have a lower probability of @entity2 .

title: Effectiveness and safety of computed tomography-guided radiofrequency ablation of @entity3 : a 14-year single institution experience in 203 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resection of the bile duct is required for the treatment of @entity2 and is sometimes indicated in resections of liver and @entity7 . The goal of this retrospective review was to characterize surgical outcomes in @entity0 submitted to bile duct resection for @entity1 when additional procedures, specifically hepatic or vascular resections, were performed. METHODS: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was searched to identify a total of 747 @entity0 who underwent: (i) biliary-enteric @entity4 (BEA) only (Group  1, n  =  266); (ii) BEA with hepatic resection (Group  2, n  =  439), or (iii) BEA with hepatic and vascular resection (Group  3, n  =  42). Postoperative outcomes were compared and regression-adjusted risk factors were analysed to produce observed and expected (O/E) morbidity and mortality ratios. RESULTS: The performance of hepatic and vascular resections significantly increased rates of overall morbidity (P  <  0.001) and mortality (P  =  0.021). Risk-adjusted O/E mortality ratios in Groups 1, 2 and 3 were 1.44 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-2.30], 2.16 (95% CI 1.51-2.98) and 5.92 (95% CI 2.54-11.66), respectively. Multivariate analysis identified Group  2 (P  <  0.001) and Group  3 (P  =  0.001) status as independent predictors of morbidity, and Group  3 status (P  =  0.008) as independently associated with mortality. More than 30% of @entity3 were associated with @entity6 and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The addition of hepatic and vascular resections to bile duct resection significantly increased morbidity and mortality. The high O/E mortality ratios for @entity0 in Groups 2 and 3 suggest these outcomes can be improved.

title: Bile duct surgery in the treatment of hepatobiliary and XXXX : effects of hepatic and vascular resection on outcomes.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Flow in shale nanopores may be vastly different from that in the conventional permeable media. In large pores and @entity0 , flow is governed by viscosity and pressure-driven. Convection describes the process. Pores in some shale media are in nanometer range. At this scale, continuum flow mechanism may not apply. Knudsen diffusion and hydrodynamic expressions such as the Hagen-Poiseuille equation and their modifications have been used to compute flow in nanopores. Both approaches may have drawbacks and can significantly underestimate molecular flux in nanopores. In this work, we use the dual control volume-grand canonical molecular dynamics simulations to investigate @entity2 flow in @entity1 nanopores at low and high pressure conditions. Our simulations reveal that @entity2 flow in a slit pore width of 1-4 nm can be more than one order of magnitude greater than that from Knudsen diffusion at low pressure and the Hagen-Poiseuille equation at high pressure. Knudsen diffusion and Hagen-Poiseuille equations do not account for surface adsorption and mobility of the adsorbed molecules, and inhomogeneous fluid density distributions. Mobility of molecules in the adsorbed layers significantly increases molecular flux. Molecular velocity profiles in nanopores deviate significantly from the Navier-Stokes hydrodynamic predictions. Our molecular simulation results are in agreement with the enhanced flow measurements in @entity1 nanotubes.

title: Flow of XXXX in shale nanopores at low and high pressure by molecular dynamics simulations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although once considered completely devoid of complications, it is now recognised that the misuse or inappropriate use of @entity9 ( @entity8 ) often results in adverse side effects. @entity2 , particularly the entity 'diffusion @entity2 ', can occur with the administration of inadequate amounts of @entity1 during or immediately after a @entity8 anaesthetic. @entity8 will diffuse into air-containing cavities within the body faster than @entity3 diffuses out. This results in a temporary increase in either the pressure and/or volume of the cavity depending upon the distensibility of its walls. The magnitude of the effect is proportional to the blood supply of the cavity, the concentration of @entity8 inhaled and the length of time the @entity0 is exposed to @entity8 . Significant morbidity or even death can result from this phenomenon. A property unique to @entity8 is its ability to oxidise and inactivate the @entity7 components of certain enzymes in both animals and @entity0 . One such enzyme, @entity5 synthetase is essential for normal DNA production. Animal and @entity0 studies have demonstrated that the haematological, immune, neurological and reproductive systems are each affected. These adverse effects of @entity8 can occur after both acute (surgical) or long term (occupational) exposure to the gas. Because of its effects on the pressure and volume characteristics of air-containing spaces, @entity8 should not be used for @entity0 with @entity4 , pneumothorax, @entity6 , and following cerebral air-contrast studies. Many anaesthesiologists feel that use of @entity8 should be restricted during the first two trimesters of pregnancy because of its effects on DNA production and the experimental and epidemiological evidence that @entity8 causes undesirable reproductive outcomes. Since @entity8 affects white blood cell production and function, it has been recommended that @entity8 not be administered to immunosuppressed @entity0 or to @entity0 requiring multiple general anaesthetics. Many anaesthesiologists believe that the potential dangers of @entity8 are so great that it should no longer be used at all for routine clinical anaesthesia. However, the continued use of @entity8 remains a controversial topic since, at present, a suitable substitute gas is not available.

title: Adverse effects of XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: We entered 60 @entity0 with @entity9 in a double-blind randomized controlled trial to determine whether @entity10 is therapeutically effective. Thirty @entity0 had @entity1 (Stages 1 and 2), and 30 had @entity8 (Stages 3 and 4). Fifteen @entity0 with @entity1 and 15 with @entity8 received @entity10 (0.6 mg twice daily), and the remainder received placebo. @entity0 were studied about every two months; those remaining in the blind phase at two years underwent repeat liver biopsy and were then placed on open-label @entity10 (0.6 mg twice daily). With a few exceptions, the results in @entity0 with @entity1 were similar to those in @entity0 with @entity8 ; hence, data on @entity0 in all stages were combined in the main analysis. During the two-year study period the @entity10 -treated @entity0 , as compared with the placebo-treated @entity0 , had improvement in levels of serum albumin, serum @entity7 , alkaline phosphatase, @entity4 , and aminotransferases. However, there was no such improvement in the severity of symptoms or physical findings; moreover, there was no significant difference in the histologic changes noted at liver biopsy in the two treatment groups. At four years after entry, the cumulative mortality from @entity6 was 21 percent in @entity0 given @entity10 and 47 percent in those given placebo (P = 0.05). The only side effect of @entity10 was @entity5 , noted in three @entity0 . The consistent and significant improvement in a number of markers of @entity6 and the apparent decreased mortality from @entity6 suggest that @entity10 may provide some long-term clinical benefit in @entity0 with @entity9 . However, the failure of @entity10 to reduce @entity3 and @entity2 leaves uncertain the effect of the drug on the longterm outcome of this disease.

title: A prospective trial of XXXX for @entity9 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: We entered 60 @entity0 with @entity9 in a double-blind randomized controlled trial to determine whether @entity10 is therapeutically effective. Thirty @entity0 had @entity1 (Stages 1 and 2), and 30 had @entity8 (Stages 3 and 4). Fifteen @entity0 with @entity1 and 15 with @entity8 received @entity10 (0.6 mg twice daily), and the remainder received placebo. @entity0 were studied about every two months; those remaining in the blind phase at two years underwent repeat liver biopsy and were then placed on open-label @entity10 (0.6 mg twice daily). With a few exceptions, the results in @entity0 with @entity1 were similar to those in @entity0 with @entity8 ; hence, data on @entity0 in all stages were combined in the main analysis. During the two-year study period the @entity10 -treated @entity0 , as compared with the placebo-treated @entity0 , had improvement in levels of serum albumin, serum @entity7 , alkaline phosphatase, @entity4 , and aminotransferases. However, there was no such improvement in the severity of symptoms or physical findings; moreover, there was no significant difference in the histologic changes noted at liver biopsy in the two treatment groups. At four years after entry, the cumulative mortality from @entity6 was 21 percent in @entity0 given @entity10 and 47 percent in those given placebo (P = 0.05). The only side effect of @entity10 was @entity5 , noted in three @entity0 . The consistent and significant improvement in a number of markers of @entity6 and the apparent decreased mortality from @entity6 suggest that @entity10 may provide some long-term clinical benefit in @entity0 with @entity9 . However, the failure of @entity10 to reduce @entity3 and @entity2 leaves uncertain the effect of the drug on the longterm outcome of this disease.

title: A prospective trial of @entity10 for XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: The reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) was used to detect hormone release from cultured normal, @entity7 , and neoplastic @entity1 pituitary cells. @entity7 pituitary cells were produced by s.c. @entity5 ( @entity6 ) treatment (10 mg in Silastic tubes) for 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Neoplastic pituitary cells from @entity1 with @entity0 treated with @entity6 for 3 weeks were also analyzed. Aliquots of the same cells were also analyzed by immunocytochemical staining. @entity6 treatment resulted in an increase in @entity3 (PRL)-producing cells in @entity4 compared to untreated pituitaries after 9 weeks of treatment by the RHPA [61.2 +/- 5.2 (SE) versus 32 +/- 3.0] and by immunocytochemical staining [70.9 +/- 2.4 versus 36 +/- 1.4]. The percentage of mammosomatotropic cells decreased from 11.3 +/- 3.8 to 4.2 +/- 2.6% in pituitary cells from these same groups of animals. After 3 weeks of @entity6 treatment in @entity1 with @entity0 , there was an increase in @entity8 ( @entity8 )-producing cells and a decrease in PRL-producing cells when analyzed by the RHPA (control: percentage of @entity8 , 36.3 +/- 6.2; percentage of PRL, 39.0 +/- 1.6 versus @entity6 -treated @entity0 : percentage of @entity8 of 68.2 +/- 1.9; and percentage of PRL, 3.2 +/- 1.8%). The percentage of mammosomatotropic cells declined from 12.4 +/- 2.3 to 0.77 +/- 2.4%. A combined procedure of RHPA followed by immunocytochemical staining on the same slides also revealed a decline in mammosomatotropic cells after chronic @entity6 treatment in @entity7 and neoplastic @entity0 cells. These results show that @entity6 has different effects on PRL and @entity8 secretion and storage in @entity7 pituitary and in the MtT/W15 @entity2 cells.

title: Analysis of @entity3 and @entity8 production in XXXX and neoplastic @entity1 pituitary tissues by the hemolytic plaque assay.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) was used to detect hormone release from cultured normal, @entity7 , and neoplastic @entity1 pituitary cells. @entity7 pituitary cells were produced by s.c. @entity5 ( @entity6 ) treatment (10 mg in Silastic tubes) for 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Neoplastic pituitary cells from @entity1 with @entity0 treated with @entity6 for 3 weeks were also analyzed. Aliquots of the same cells were also analyzed by immunocytochemical staining. @entity6 treatment resulted in an increase in @entity3 (PRL)-producing cells in @entity4 compared to untreated pituitaries after 9 weeks of treatment by the RHPA [61.2 +/- 5.2 (SE) versus 32 +/- 3.0] and by immunocytochemical staining [70.9 +/- 2.4 versus 36 +/- 1.4]. The percentage of mammosomatotropic cells decreased from 11.3 +/- 3.8 to 4.2 +/- 2.6% in pituitary cells from these same groups of animals. After 3 weeks of @entity6 treatment in @entity1 with @entity0 , there was an increase in @entity8 ( @entity8 )-producing cells and a decrease in PRL-producing cells when analyzed by the RHPA (control: percentage of @entity8 , 36.3 +/- 6.2; percentage of PRL, 39.0 +/- 1.6 versus @entity6 -treated @entity0 : percentage of @entity8 of 68.2 +/- 1.9; and percentage of PRL, 3.2 +/- 1.8%). The percentage of mammosomatotropic cells declined from 12.4 +/- 2.3 to 0.77 +/- 2.4%. A combined procedure of RHPA followed by immunocytochemical staining on the same slides also revealed a decline in mammosomatotropic cells after chronic @entity6 treatment in @entity7 and neoplastic @entity0 cells. These results show that @entity6 has different effects on PRL and @entity8 secretion and storage in @entity7 pituitary and in the MtT/W15 @entity2 cells.

title: Analysis of @entity3 and XXXX production in @entity7 and neoplastic @entity1 pituitary tissues by the hemolytic plaque assay.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) was used to detect hormone release from cultured normal, @entity7 , and neoplastic @entity1 pituitary cells. @entity7 pituitary cells were produced by s.c. @entity5 ( @entity6 ) treatment (10 mg in Silastic tubes) for 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Neoplastic pituitary cells from @entity1 with @entity0 treated with @entity6 for 3 weeks were also analyzed. Aliquots of the same cells were also analyzed by immunocytochemical staining. @entity6 treatment resulted in an increase in @entity3 (PRL)-producing cells in @entity4 compared to untreated pituitaries after 9 weeks of treatment by the RHPA [61.2 +/- 5.2 (SE) versus 32 +/- 3.0] and by immunocytochemical staining [70.9 +/- 2.4 versus 36 +/- 1.4]. The percentage of mammosomatotropic cells decreased from 11.3 +/- 3.8 to 4.2 +/- 2.6% in pituitary cells from these same groups of animals. After 3 weeks of @entity6 treatment in @entity1 with @entity0 , there was an increase in @entity8 ( @entity8 )-producing cells and a decrease in PRL-producing cells when analyzed by the RHPA (control: percentage of @entity8 , 36.3 +/- 6.2; percentage of PRL, 39.0 +/- 1.6 versus @entity6 -treated @entity0 : percentage of @entity8 of 68.2 +/- 1.9; and percentage of PRL, 3.2 +/- 1.8%). The percentage of mammosomatotropic cells declined from 12.4 +/- 2.3 to 0.77 +/- 2.4%. A combined procedure of RHPA followed by immunocytochemical staining on the same slides also revealed a decline in mammosomatotropic cells after chronic @entity6 treatment in @entity7 and neoplastic @entity0 cells. These results show that @entity6 has different effects on PRL and @entity8 secretion and storage in @entity7 pituitary and in the MtT/W15 @entity2 cells.

title: Analysis of XXXX and @entity8 production in @entity7 and neoplastic @entity1 pituitary tissues by the hemolytic plaque assay.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) was used to detect hormone release from cultured normal, @entity7 , and neoplastic @entity1 pituitary cells. @entity7 pituitary cells were produced by s.c. @entity5 ( @entity6 ) treatment (10 mg in Silastic tubes) for 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Neoplastic pituitary cells from @entity1 with @entity0 treated with @entity6 for 3 weeks were also analyzed. Aliquots of the same cells were also analyzed by immunocytochemical staining. @entity6 treatment resulted in an increase in @entity3 (PRL)-producing cells in @entity4 compared to untreated pituitaries after 9 weeks of treatment by the RHPA [61.2 +/- 5.2 (SE) versus 32 +/- 3.0] and by immunocytochemical staining [70.9 +/- 2.4 versus 36 +/- 1.4]. The percentage of mammosomatotropic cells decreased from 11.3 +/- 3.8 to 4.2 +/- 2.6% in pituitary cells from these same groups of animals. After 3 weeks of @entity6 treatment in @entity1 with @entity0 , there was an increase in @entity8 ( @entity8 )-producing cells and a decrease in PRL-producing cells when analyzed by the RHPA (control: percentage of @entity8 , 36.3 +/- 6.2; percentage of PRL, 39.0 +/- 1.6 versus @entity6 -treated @entity0 : percentage of @entity8 of 68.2 +/- 1.9; and percentage of PRL, 3.2 +/- 1.8%). The percentage of mammosomatotropic cells declined from 12.4 +/- 2.3 to 0.77 +/- 2.4%. A combined procedure of RHPA followed by immunocytochemical staining on the same slides also revealed a decline in mammosomatotropic cells after chronic @entity6 treatment in @entity7 and neoplastic @entity0 cells. These results show that @entity6 has different effects on PRL and @entity8 secretion and storage in @entity7 pituitary and in the MtT/W15 @entity2 cells.

title: Analysis of @entity3 and @entity8 production in @entity7 and neoplastic XXXX pituitary tissues by the hemolytic plaque assay.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Molecular cloning techniques were used to isolate and characterize the DNA including and surrounding the @entity1 and @entity2 genes on the left arm of chromosome I of the @entity0 @entity0 . A plasmid that complemented a temperature-sensitive @entity1 mutation was isolated from a @entity0 genomic DNA library in a shuttle vector. Plasmids containing @entity2 -complementing DNA were obtained from other investigators. Several lines of evidence (including one-step gene replacement experiments) demonstrated that the complementing plasmids contained the bona fide @entity1 and @entity2 genes. These sequences were then used to isolate additional DNA from chromosome I by probing a @entity0 genomic DNA library in a lambda vector. A total of 28 kilobases (kb) of contiguous DNA surrounding the @entity1 and @entity2 genes was isolated, and a restriction map was determined. Electron microscopy of R-loop-containing DNA and RNA blot hybridization analyses indicated that an 18-kb segment contained at least seven transcribed regions, only three of which corresponded to previously known genes ( @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity3 ). Southern blot hybridization experiments suggested that none of the genes in this region was duplicated elsewhere in the @entity0 genome. The centers of @entity1 and @entity2 were only approximately 7.5 kb apart, although the genetic map distance between them is approximately 13 centimorgans. As previous studies with @entity0 have indicated that 1 centimorgan generally corresponds to approximately 3 kb, the region between @entity1 and @entity2 appears to undergo meiotic recombination at an unusually high frequency.

title: Molecular cloning of chromosome I DNA from @entity0 : isolation and characterization of the XXXX gene and adjacent regions of the chromosome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Molecular cloning techniques were used to isolate and characterize the DNA including and surrounding the @entity1 and @entity2 genes on the left arm of chromosome I of the @entity0 @entity0 . A plasmid that complemented a temperature-sensitive @entity1 mutation was isolated from a @entity0 genomic DNA library in a shuttle vector. Plasmids containing @entity2 -complementing DNA were obtained from other investigators. Several lines of evidence (including one-step gene replacement experiments) demonstrated that the complementing plasmids contained the bona fide @entity1 and @entity2 genes. These sequences were then used to isolate additional DNA from chromosome I by probing a @entity0 genomic DNA library in a lambda vector. A total of 28 kilobases (kb) of contiguous DNA surrounding the @entity1 and @entity2 genes was isolated, and a restriction map was determined. Electron microscopy of R-loop-containing DNA and RNA blot hybridization analyses indicated that an 18-kb segment contained at least seven transcribed regions, only three of which corresponded to previously known genes ( @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity3 ). Southern blot hybridization experiments suggested that none of the genes in this region was duplicated elsewhere in the @entity0 genome. The centers of @entity1 and @entity2 were only approximately 7.5 kb apart, although the genetic map distance between them is approximately 13 centimorgans. As previous studies with @entity0 have indicated that 1 centimorgan generally corresponds to approximately 3 kb, the region between @entity1 and @entity2 appears to undergo meiotic recombination at an unusually high frequency.

title: Molecular cloning of chromosome I DNA from XXXX : isolation and characterization of the @entity1 gene and adjacent regions of the chromosome.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 in 2289 @entity0 and 764 @entity0 (total 3053) from the years 1975-1977 in Stockholm County Council were retrospectively analyzed regarding social and demographic classification. Seventy-nine percent of the @entity0 (2418 of 3053) were admitted directly from their homes, more commonly in central city areas (82%) than in rural areas (74%). Direct return home was possible in 36%, and 47% could return home after some weeks of institutionalized rehabilitation. There was no increase in @entity2 incidence found during the three-year period. More @entity2 occurred on Mondays and less on Sundays than during the rest of the week. The period of December through March showed the highest @entity2 rate. Diseases other than @entity1 were seen in approximately one-half (1492) of the @entity0 . Internal fixation was performed in 2937 @entity2 , mainly with the von Bahr screws (1465 cases), Hessel/Nystr  m multiple pins (674 cases), Thornton nails (380 cases), or Rydell nails (224 cases). Primary hemiarthroplasties were performed in only 102 cases. The detailed analysis of this consecutive population-based @entity3 material is intended as a base for more uniform treatment and rehabilitation of this group of resource-consuming @entity0 .

title: Statistical analysis of XXXX based on 3053 cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A formal inquiry on the health state of 1206 legally adopted @entity0 from Indonesia revealed @entity2 in 9 (0.9% of 1029 responses obtained), including two who had died. CT examination performed in 7 cases was abnormal in all. Four types of lesions were seen: 1. Bilateral full thickness porencephalies ( @entity1 ) in 4 cases, amounting to 0.4% of the total population on which response was obtained. 2. Full thickness @entity4 of the area of one internal carotid artery in 1 case. 3. @entity5 -like lesion in 1 case, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. 4. Supratentorial midline cyst resulting in @entity3 . The frequency of the @entity1 found in 4 out of 7 cerebral palsied investigated by CT is remarkable in view of its rarity in radiological studies on @entity2 and because of its relationship to prenatal rather than perinatal damage according to previous pathological studies. This is the first systematic study on the neurodevelopmental outcome of a group of adopted babies which indicates an increased risk to specific prenatal @entity1 .

title: @entity4 and XXXX in adopted @entity0 . Frequency ascertainment in a risk group.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A formal inquiry on the health state of 1206 legally adopted @entity0 from Indonesia revealed @entity2 in 9 (0.9% of 1029 responses obtained), including two who had died. CT examination performed in 7 cases was abnormal in all. Four types of lesions were seen: 1. Bilateral full thickness porencephalies ( @entity1 ) in 4 cases, amounting to 0.4% of the total population on which response was obtained. 2. Full thickness @entity4 of the area of one internal carotid artery in 1 case. 3. @entity5 -like lesion in 1 case, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. 4. Supratentorial midline cyst resulting in @entity3 . The frequency of the @entity1 found in 4 out of 7 cerebral palsied investigated by CT is remarkable in view of its rarity in radiological studies on @entity2 and because of its relationship to prenatal rather than perinatal damage according to previous pathological studies. This is the first systematic study on the neurodevelopmental outcome of a group of adopted babies which indicates an increased risk to specific prenatal @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity5 in adopted @entity0 . Frequency ascertainment in a risk group.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A formal inquiry on the health state of 1206 legally adopted @entity0 from Indonesia revealed @entity2 in 9 (0.9% of 1029 responses obtained), including two who had died. CT examination performed in 7 cases was abnormal in all. Four types of lesions were seen: 1. Bilateral full thickness porencephalies ( @entity1 ) in 4 cases, amounting to 0.4% of the total population on which response was obtained. 2. Full thickness @entity4 of the area of one internal carotid artery in 1 case. 3. @entity5 -like lesion in 1 case, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. 4. Supratentorial midline cyst resulting in @entity3 . The frequency of the @entity1 found in 4 out of 7 cerebral palsied investigated by CT is remarkable in view of its rarity in radiological studies on @entity2 and because of its relationship to prenatal rather than perinatal damage according to previous pathological studies. This is the first systematic study on the neurodevelopmental outcome of a group of adopted babies which indicates an increased risk to specific prenatal @entity1 .

title: @entity4 and @entity5 in adopted XXXX . Frequency ascertainment in a risk group.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study examines the influence of @entity4 pretreatment on @entity6 clearance, @entity1 , and @entity2 after an acute dose of @entity6 in @entity0 . @entity4 or a placebo was given to 20 healthy male subjects for 2 weeks before @entity6 consumption. The dose of @entity6 was 0.95 gm/kg body weight and was consumed during a 2 1/2-hour period. Thirty minutes after @entity6 consumption, motor coordination and intellectual function were assessed by Goldberg's "Finger-Finger" and "Serial Sevens" tests. In addition, color discrimination was measured with the use of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Color Test. Hourly blood samples were taken for 10 hours after @entity6 consumption to measure serum @entity3 levels, blood @entity5 / @entity7 ratios, and serum enzymes. Blood @entity6 clearance was also determined. @entity6 consumption elevated serum @entity3 levels and blood @entity5 / @entity7 ratios and impaired performance of the behavioral tests but did not alter serum enzyme levels. @entity4 pretreatment resulted in significant enhancement in blood @entity6 clearance and an increase in serum @entity3 levels after @entity6 consumption in half of the subjects. @entity4 pretreatment also resulted in improved motor coordination and color discrimination after @entity6 consumption in half of the subjects. @entity4 pretreatment did not influence elevated blood @entity5 / @entity7 ratios or impaired intellectual function.

title: Effect of XXXX on the consequences of acute alcohol consumption in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study examines the influence of @entity4 pretreatment on @entity6 clearance, @entity1 , and @entity2 after an acute dose of @entity6 in @entity0 . @entity4 or a placebo was given to 20 healthy male subjects for 2 weeks before @entity6 consumption. The dose of @entity6 was 0.95 gm/kg body weight and was consumed during a 2 1/2-hour period. Thirty minutes after @entity6 consumption, motor coordination and intellectual function were assessed by Goldberg's "Finger-Finger" and "Serial Sevens" tests. In addition, color discrimination was measured with the use of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Color Test. Hourly blood samples were taken for 10 hours after @entity6 consumption to measure serum @entity3 levels, blood @entity5 / @entity7 ratios, and serum enzymes. Blood @entity6 clearance was also determined. @entity6 consumption elevated serum @entity3 levels and blood @entity5 / @entity7 ratios and impaired performance of the behavioral tests but did not alter serum enzyme levels. @entity4 pretreatment resulted in significant enhancement in blood @entity6 clearance and an increase in serum @entity3 levels after @entity6 consumption in half of the subjects. @entity4 pretreatment also resulted in improved motor coordination and color discrimination after @entity6 consumption in half of the subjects. @entity4 pretreatment did not influence elevated blood @entity5 / @entity7 ratios or impaired intellectual function.

title: Effect of @entity4 on the consequences of acute alcohol consumption in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A nationwide survey of the clinical presentation, pathology, and management of soft tissue @entity3 in adults was carried out under the auspices of the Commission on @entity2 of the American College of Surgeons. Two separate 2-year periods were used to allow assessment of changes in patterns of care. Data were obtained from 504 hospitals in 1977-1978 (2355 @entity0 ) and 645 institutions in 1983-1984 (3457 @entity0 ). Pretreatment findings of interest included some evidence of physician delay in diagnosis, overuse of excisional biopsy as opposed to the generally preferred approach of incisional biopsy, a low rate of usage of the American Joint Committee for @entity2 Staging (AJCSS) system, and major reliance on CT for pretreatment @entity0 evaluation. Operation was the primary treatment, with or without adjuvant therapies, in approximately three fourths of the @entity0 . The other one fourth were primarily @entity0 with distant @entity1 at the time of diagnosis. Some increase in multimodal therapy did occur in the second period but the rate of amputation was low (approximately 10%) in both periods studied. Survival curves support the prognostic validity of the AJCCS system and the value of complete resection of soft tissue @entity3 . Adverse prognostic factors included positive surgical margins, @entity2 , retroperitoneal or mediastinal primary sites, some histologic types, and the perceived need for adjuvant therapy. @entity0 receiving adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy had less favorable survival data than those treated by operation alone due to criteria used for selecting @entity0 for these therapies. Approximately one half of the treatment failures in the 1977-1978 series were locoregional, whereas 18% were limited to lung @entity1 . Salvage therapy for these two forms of treatment failure yielded 61% and 21% 5-year survival rates.

title: XXXX . A pattern of care survey of the American College of Surgeons.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 enhances experimental intestinal @entity3 , but the effects of nonsurgical adaptation are uncertain. The tropic and @entity0 -promoting potentials of moderate @entity4 were tested in two groups of male @entity1 housed at 10 degrees C for 30 weeks. One group (n = 10) received a 6-week course of @entity5 (total dose 90 mg kg-1). The second group (n = 7) acted as hypothermic controls. Another 2 groups maintained at 22 degrees C received @entity5 (n = 15) or served as normothermic controls (n = 15). Overall food intake was 42% higher in the hypothermic groups, yet at sacrifice mean body weight was 13% lower (P less than 0.01). @entity4 and @entity5 combined to produce the following increases in crypt cell production rate (CCPR), as determined stathmokinetically: duodenum 170%, jejunum 172%, ileum 74%, proximal colon 227% (P = 0.05-0.01). Independently @entity4 had no effect, but @entity5 produced 76-156% increases in CCPR throughout the large intestine. Although @entity4 did not affect overall @entity0 yield, the mean diameter of proximal @entity0 was increased by 65% (P less than 0.05). In @entity1 receiving @entity5 , @entity4 stimulates cell proliferation in the small bowel as well as in the proximal colon, where it has a correspondingly mild cocarcinogenic effect.

title: Effect of @entity4 on intestinal adaptation and XXXX in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 enhances experimental intestinal @entity3 , but the effects of nonsurgical adaptation are uncertain. The tropic and @entity0 -promoting potentials of moderate @entity4 were tested in two groups of male @entity1 housed at 10 degrees C for 30 weeks. One group (n = 10) received a 6-week course of @entity5 (total dose 90 mg kg-1). The second group (n = 7) acted as hypothermic controls. Another 2 groups maintained at 22 degrees C received @entity5 (n = 15) or served as normothermic controls (n = 15). Overall food intake was 42% higher in the hypothermic groups, yet at sacrifice mean body weight was 13% lower (P less than 0.01). @entity4 and @entity5 combined to produce the following increases in crypt cell production rate (CCPR), as determined stathmokinetically: duodenum 170%, jejunum 172%, ileum 74%, proximal colon 227% (P = 0.05-0.01). Independently @entity4 had no effect, but @entity5 produced 76-156% increases in CCPR throughout the large intestine. Although @entity4 did not affect overall @entity0 yield, the mean diameter of proximal @entity0 was increased by 65% (P less than 0.05). In @entity1 receiving @entity5 , @entity4 stimulates cell proliferation in the small bowel as well as in the proximal colon, where it has a correspondingly mild cocarcinogenic effect.

title: Effect of XXXX on intestinal adaptation and @entity3 in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 enhances experimental intestinal @entity3 , but the effects of nonsurgical adaptation are uncertain. The tropic and @entity0 -promoting potentials of moderate @entity4 were tested in two groups of male @entity1 housed at 10 degrees C for 30 weeks. One group (n = 10) received a 6-week course of @entity5 (total dose 90 mg kg-1). The second group (n = 7) acted as hypothermic controls. Another 2 groups maintained at 22 degrees C received @entity5 (n = 15) or served as normothermic controls (n = 15). Overall food intake was 42% higher in the hypothermic groups, yet at sacrifice mean body weight was 13% lower (P less than 0.01). @entity4 and @entity5 combined to produce the following increases in crypt cell production rate (CCPR), as determined stathmokinetically: duodenum 170%, jejunum 172%, ileum 74%, proximal colon 227% (P = 0.05-0.01). Independently @entity4 had no effect, but @entity5 produced 76-156% increases in CCPR throughout the large intestine. Although @entity4 did not affect overall @entity0 yield, the mean diameter of proximal @entity0 was increased by 65% (P less than 0.05). In @entity1 receiving @entity5 , @entity4 stimulates cell proliferation in the small bowel as well as in the proximal colon, where it has a correspondingly mild cocarcinogenic effect.

title: Effect of @entity4 on intestinal adaptation and @entity3 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in the use of lymphadenectomy for @entity4 of the endometrium between 1998 and 2012. METHODS: A time-trend analysis was conducted using a population-based @entity2 registry covering 28% of the population of the United States. To quantify differences over the study period time, the frequency of lymphadenectomy and nodal @entity1 among @entity0 who underwent surgical treatment of @entity3 was compared among consecutive 3- to 4-year periods. Biannual frequency of lymphadenectomy was modeled with Joinpoint regression to identify when potential changes in trends occurred and calculate annual percentage change. RESULTS: A total of 74,365 @entity0 who underwent surgery between 1998 and 2012 were analyzed. Frequency of lymphadenectomy increased by 4.2% annually (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7-4.6) from 1998 to 2007, after which the frequency declined by 1.6% per year (95% CI 0.9-2.2). Between 1998-2000 and 2007-2009, the frequency of lymphadenectomy rose from 48.7% to 65.5% (risk difference 16.8%, 95% CI 15.4-18.1), the proportion of @entity0 found to have nodal @entity1 increased by 1.1% (95% CI 0.4-1.7), and the frequency of negative lymphadenectomy increased by 15.7% (95% CI 14.3-17.1). The decline in frequency of lymphadenectomy after 2007 was associated a 3.1% (95% CI 2.1-4.1) decline in the rate of negative lymphadenectomy, but no change in the proportion of @entity0 found to have nodal @entity1 (P=.17). CONCLUSION: The frequency of lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of @entity3 increased by 4.2% annually from 1998 to 2007 and decreased by 1.6% annually from 2007 to 2012. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: Changing Trends in Lymphadenectomy for XXXX of the Endometrium.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To investigate the patterns of regional gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) @entity3 , WM microstructural tissue damage, and changes in @entity0 with a @entity4 ( @entity4 ) suggestive of @entity1 at 2 years from clinical onset. Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval and written informed consent from all @entity0 were obtained. Neurologic assessment and conventional, diffusion-tensor, and volumetric brain MR imaging sequences were performed in 37 @entity0 with @entity4 within 2 months of clinical onset, and after 3, 12, and 24 months. Fourteen healthy control subjects also were studied. Longitudinal GM and WM volume changes and WM microstructural abnormalities were assessed by using voxel-based morphometry (P < .001, uncorrected) and tract-based spatial statistics (P < .05, corrected). Results At 24 months, 33 of 37 (89%) @entity0 had developed @entity1 . At month 3, @entity0 with @entity4 showed a transient volume increase in frontal, parietal, temporal, and cerebellar GM regions. At 12 months, @entity0 with @entity4 developed @entity3 of the thalami, caudate nuclei, cerebellum, and frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. At 24 months GM volume of the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortical areas further decreased from that at 12 months. WM @entity3 involved only a few WM regions at 2 months from clinical onset, with progressive involvement of additional WM tracts with time. A diffuse pattern of WM microstructural abnormalities was detected within 2 months of onset and had worsened at 24 months. Conclusion After an acute inflammatory event, dynamic modifications of regional GM and @entity2 occur in @entity0 with @entity4 , with a progressive evolution of @entity2 from disease onset and a transient, early increase in GM volume, followed by @entity3 . Neurodegenerative processes start early in @entity0 with @entity1 . (  ) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: Clinically Isolated Syndrome Suggestive of XXXX : Dynamic Patterns of Gray and White Matter Changes-A 2-year MR Imaging Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This work was carried out with the intent of developing a method capable of routinely evaluating @entity0 thymus nuclear preparations with the electron microscope. Examination of small random samples, pre-embedded in agar after fixation with @entity4 , were found to give results comparable to those obtained with much larger samples withdrawn randomly from pellets and embedded and sectioned conventionally. Results obtained by this pre-embedding technique with @entity3 , @entity2 , or @entity4 fixations were equivalent. @entity0 thymus nuclear preparations isolated in @entity1 by the method prevalently used (see 1) are contaminated only slightly with intact cells, to a degree which varies with each preparation. However, intact cells, damaged cells, or nuclei with some cytoplasm constitute together about 30 per cent of the preparation. Particles other than intact cells are not readily distinguishable from one another by light or phase microscope techniques. These preparations can be purified further by centrifuging through a dense sucrose layer. In our hands, however, contamination with some cytoplasm still remains in approximately 10 per cent of the particles. Incubation of the particles prepared without purification procedures, under conditions frequently used, results in the extensive breakdown of particles. Under at least one set of conditions, nuclei are selectively disrupted, leaving primarily damaged cells in the preparation.

title: AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF XXXX THYMUS NUCLEAR PREPARATIONS ISOLATED IN SUCROSE SOLUTIONS.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to unveil the mechanism by which aligned nanofibers influence neuronal differentiation. PC12 cells were seeded on three different @entity2 ( @entity5 ) substrates ( @entity5 films (control), electrospun @entity5 random nanofibers (RF) and electrospun @entity5 aligned nanofibers (AF)). Subsequently, cellular experiments, cDNA microarrays and molecular biological approaches were employed to investigate the impacts of the different @entity5 substrates on PC12 cell differentiation. Scanning electron microscope observation revealed that neurite outgrowth in the AF group was parallel to the direction of nanofiber alignment and that the filopodias at the neurite tips spread along the aligned nanofiber @entity0 . Meanwhile, both neurite length and the expression of @entity3 (a neuronal differentiation marker gene) were higher in the AF group than those in the control and RF groups. These results suggested that the @entity5 aligned nanofibers enhanced PC12 cell differentiation. cDNA microarray experiment revealed that 876 and 1937 genes had significantly changed expression in the RF and AF groups, respectively. Based on gene ontology analysis, 493 and 1193 differentially expressed genes involved in neuronal differentiation were found in the RF and AF groups, respectively. Pathway analysis showed that the @entity5 aligned nanofibers mainly mediated their effects via integrin-mediated pathways. qRT-PCR and western blotting assays further confirmed that gene and protein expression levels in the integrin-mediated FAK-MEK-ERK pathway (e.g., @entity6 , @entity7 , phosphorylated- @entity1 ) were enhanced by the @entity5 aligned nanofibers. Both PC12 cell differentiation and the expressions of genes and proteins in the integrin-mediated FAK-MEK-ERK pathway were inhibited when integrins were blocked by the @entity4 GRGDS. In addition, the @entity8 gene was found to be involved in @entity5 aligned nanofibers' promotion of PC12 cell differentiation. Taken together, the results suggested that @entity5 aligned nanofibers might cooperate with nerve growth factor (NGF) to induce PC12 cell differentiation by activating the integrin-mediated FAK-MEK-ERK pathway and the @entity8 gene.

title: Influence of XXXX Aligned Nanofibers on PC12 Differentiation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of primary stenting with @entity5 eluting stents for TASC C and D femoropopliteal lesions. METHODS: @entity0 with TASC C/D de novo femoropopliteal lesions were treated by implanting @entity5 eluting stents. @entity0 were included in a single center registry and prospectively followed by clinical and ultrasound evaluation. X-ray of the stented zone was systematically performed 12 months after implantation. The primary endpoint was primary sustained clinical improvement after 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 45 @entity0 (48 limbs) suffering from @entity3 (25 limbs) or CLI (23 limbs) were enrolled. Lesions were either TASC C (28 limbs) or TASC D (20 limbs). The mean length of the treated segment was 252      90  mm. The mean number of stents was 2.9      1 (2-5). Mean follow up was 12.7 months. No @entity0 was lost to follow up. At 1 year post procedure, primary and secondary sustained clinical improvements were 56.3      7.4% and 80.1      5.9% respectively. Freedom from @entity1 and target extremity revascularization were 63.6% and 90.1%, respectively. Primary and secondary patency rates were 52.5% and 79.6%. One year primary sustained clinical improvement rates for TASC C/D were 63.3      9.2% and 45.6      11.7%, respectively (p  =  .34). One year primary sustained clinical improvement rates for @entity3 /CLI @entity0 were 68      9.3% and 41.6      11.1%, respectively (p  =  .13). The incidence of in stent re-stenosis and in stent @entity4 were 25% and 14%, respectively. The incidence of stent @entity2 was 12.5% on a limb basis and 9% on a per stent basis. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 eluting stent did not achieve its goal in terms of prevention of in stent re-stenosis for TASC C/D femoropopliteal lesions. It requires frequent re-interventions during the first year to maintain satisfactory clinical results.

title: Treatment of TASC C and D Femoropoliteal Lesions with XXXX eluting Stents: 12 month Results of the STELLA-PTX Registry.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS: Stem cell-based tissue regeneration offers potential for treatment of @entity1 . The dental follicle, a loose connective tissue surrounding the unerupted tooth, has been shown to contain progenitor/stem cells. Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) have strong osteogenesis capability, which makes them suitable for repairing skeletal defects. The objective of this study was to evaluate bone regeneration capability of DFSCs loaded into @entity2 ( @entity2 ) scaffold for treatment of @entity1 . METHODS: DFSCs were isolated from the first mandibular molars of postnatal @entity0 and seeded into the @entity2 scaffold. Cell attachment and cell viability on the scaffold were examined with the use of scanning electron microscopy and alamar blue reduction assay. For in  vivo transplantation, critical-size defects were created on the skulls of 5-month-old immunocompetent @entity0 , and the cell-scaffold constructs were transplanted into the defects. RESULTS: Skulls were collected at 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, and bone regeneration in the defects was evaluated with the use of micro-computed tomography and histological analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and Alamar blue assay demonstrated attachment and proliferation of DFSCs in the @entity2 scaffold. Bone regeneration was observed in the defects treated with DFSC transplantation but not in the controls without DFSC transplant. Transplanting DFSC- @entity2 with or without osteogenic induction before transplantation achieved approximately 50% bone regeneration at 8 weeks. Formation of woven bone was observed in the DFSC- @entity2 treatment group. Similar results were seen when osteogenic-induced DFSC- @entity2 was transplanted to the critical-size defects. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that transplantation of DFSCs seeded into @entity2 scaffolds can be used to repair @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of bone regeneration potential of dental follicle stem cells for  treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The distinction between primary @entity2 and @entity1 of other @entity2 in salivary glands is of special importance for therapy and prognosis. In the files of the Salivary Gland Register, 10,944 cases were collected during 1965 and 1985. Among these cases, there were 108 cases of @entity1 to the parotid and submandibular gland. The pathohistological analysis of these @entity2 revealed the following data: 47 cases (43%) of @entity1 were localized in the parenchyma of the parotid gland (37 cases) or of the submandibular gland (10 cases). 61 cases (57%) displayed @entity1 in the lymph nodes of the parotid gland (38 cases) or of the submandibular gland (23 cases). The sublingual gland was free of @entity1 . 65 @entity1 originated from @entity2 in the neighborhood (head and neck). 32 @entity2 were @entity3 of the skin, 17 @entity2 were @entity5 , and 13 @entity2 were @entity2 . Metastases of @entity4 were found in 3 cases. The relative frequency of @entity1 in the lymph nodes of the salivary glands is due to the intense drainage with lymph vessels and the presence of many lymph nodes which are localized especially in the gland parenchyma or around the parotid gland. 21 @entity1 originated from @entity2 distant from the head and neck region. There were @entity0 (7 cases), @entity7 (6 cases), mammary @entity2 (6 cases), @entity6 (1 case) and @entity2 (1 case). @entity8 in salivary gland tissue should always be checked for a @entity1 of a primary @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX to the parotid and submandibular glands--analysis and differential diagnosis of 108 cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A @entity1 mammary @entity2 cell clone, MTC, and a @entity1 lung endothelial cell clone, RLE cl.4, both syngeneic to the Fisher 344 @entity1 , were compared for proteins synthesized at 37 degrees C and after a 1-h, 42 degrees C heat dose. The heat stress-induced or -enhanced synthesis of a series of molecular mass groups and isoelectric point species (isomers) was observed in both equilibrium and nonequilibrium two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. @entity0 and endothelial cell heat-stress proteins (hsp) were strikingly similar with most hsp in 11 or 13 molecular mass groups having from 1 to 12 major isomers. In comparing the two cell types, 6 of about 23 major hsp isomers appeared different in equilibrium pH gels, with @entity0 cells seemingly exhibiting less synthesis of these 6 isomers. Four additional endothelial cell hsp isomers were apparent in nonequilibrium pH gels. Since two of these later hsp can be found at higher heat doses in @entity0 cells, some of these apparent differences between @entity0 and endothelial cells may be attributable to different dose ranges for induction of hsp. Fluorograms and @entity3 -stained gels showed that several hsp were being synthesized at appreciable levels in unheated cells. However, there were hsp whose synthesis appeared to be de novo rather than representing enhanced synthesis of existing proteins. These last two observations were made in both @entity0 and normal cells. The constitutive levels of hsp synthesis appeared to be generally similar in unheated @entity0 and normal cells in vitro with few exceptions. These results indicate the presence of few unique hsp in @entity0 and normal cells in vitro. However, focusing subsequent studies on the few differences may lead to insights concerning hyperthermic biology of @entity0 and normal cells, phenotypic differences between these cells, and roles of some hsp.

title: Heat-stress proteins of @entity1 lung endothelial and mammary XXXX cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A @entity1 mammary @entity2 cell clone, MTC, and a @entity1 lung endothelial cell clone, RLE cl.4, both syngeneic to the Fisher 344 @entity1 , were compared for proteins synthesized at 37 degrees C and after a 1-h, 42 degrees C heat dose. The heat stress-induced or -enhanced synthesis of a series of molecular mass groups and isoelectric point species (isomers) was observed in both equilibrium and nonequilibrium two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. @entity0 and endothelial cell heat-stress proteins (hsp) were strikingly similar with most hsp in 11 or 13 molecular mass groups having from 1 to 12 major isomers. In comparing the two cell types, 6 of about 23 major hsp isomers appeared different in equilibrium pH gels, with @entity0 cells seemingly exhibiting less synthesis of these 6 isomers. Four additional endothelial cell hsp isomers were apparent in nonequilibrium pH gels. Since two of these later hsp can be found at higher heat doses in @entity0 cells, some of these apparent differences between @entity0 and endothelial cells may be attributable to different dose ranges for induction of hsp. Fluorograms and @entity3 -stained gels showed that several hsp were being synthesized at appreciable levels in unheated cells. However, there were hsp whose synthesis appeared to be de novo rather than representing enhanced synthesis of existing proteins. These last two observations were made in both @entity0 and normal cells. The constitutive levels of hsp synthesis appeared to be generally similar in unheated @entity0 and normal cells in vitro with few exceptions. These results indicate the presence of few unique hsp in @entity0 and normal cells in vitro. However, focusing subsequent studies on the few differences may lead to insights concerning hyperthermic biology of @entity0 and normal cells, phenotypic differences between these cells, and roles of some hsp.

title: Heat-stress proteins of XXXX lung endothelial and mammary @entity2 cells.

answer: @entity1