abstract: PURPOSE: We noted the combination of obstructed defecation or @entity1 and @entity2 , the poor results of abdominal rectopexy for @entity1 , and the well-known risk of postoperative induction of @entity1 after rectopexy. We developed a new operation to treat @entity0 with @entity1 or @entity2 (with a concomitant rectocele, internal rectal intussusception, enterocele at dynamic defecography, or all three) or both. This new rectopexy technique avoided dorsolateral mobilization of the rectum and did not endanger the hypogastric nerves and pelvic autonomic nerves. A better effect on @entity1 compared with rectopexies with dorsolateral mobilization was expected. METHODS: The results of this new operation, which was called rectovaginopexy, were studied prospectively in a series of 27 @entity0 . Four-year results were obtained. Preoperative and postoperative questionnaires, dynamic defecograms, and anorectal physiology studies were analyzed. RESULTS: Before the operation 17 @entity0 were constipated, compared with 4 @entity0 one year after rectovaginopexy (76 percent improvement; P = 0.0015) and 5 @entity0 four years after rectovaginopexy (71 percent improvement: P = 0.005), respectively. At one year, @entity2 decreased significantly: 15 of 17 @entity0 improved and 9 @entity0 became fully continent (P = 0.0007). Four years after rectovaginopexy the effect on @entity2 was no longer significant (P = 0.09). Rectovaginopexy restored anatomy: all (9) enteroceles, all but 1 (17) internal rectal intussusception, and 12 of 20 rectoceles dissolved, and the majority were reduced in size. Rectal sensation for distention was unchanged, and rectal electrosensitivity improved (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Rectovaginopexy provides significant one-year improvement of both @entity1 and @entity2 . The positive effect on @entity1 did not deteriorate with time, in contrast to the effect on @entity2 .

title: Abdominal rectovaginopexy: modified technique to treat XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Poor adherence is one of the biggest obstacles in therapeutic control of @entity2 . The objectives of this study were (i) to measure adherence to antihypertensive therapy in a representative sample of the @entity2 Pakistani population and (ii) to investigate the factors associated with adherence in the studied population. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a simple random sample of 460 @entity0 at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) and National Institute of @entity1 , Karachi, from September 2005-May 2006. Adherence was assessed using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), with scores ranging from 0 (non-adherent) to 4 (adherent). In addition to MMAS, @entity0 self-reports about the number of pills taken over a prescribed period were used to estimate adherence as a percentage. @entity4 Anxiety and @entity3 Scale ( @entity4 -ADS) was incorporated to find any association between @entity3 and adherence. At a cut-off value of 80%, 77% of the cases were adherent. Upon univariate analyses, increasing age, better awareness and increasing number of pills prescribed significantly improved adherence, while @entity3 showed no association. Significant associations, upon multivariate analyses, included number of drugs that a @entity0 was taking (P<0.02) and whether he/she was taking medication regularly or only for symptomatic relief (P<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Similar to what has been reported worldwide, younger age, poor awareness, and symptomatic treatment adversely affected adherence to antihypertensive medication in our population. In contrast, monotherapy reduced adherence, whereas psychosocial factors such as @entity3 showed no association. These findings may be used to identify the subset of population at risk of low adherence who should be targeted for interventions to achieve better blood pressure control and hence prevent complications.

title: Factors associated with adherence to anti- XXXX treatment in Pakistan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In July 1998, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the marketing of @entity2 for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of @entity3 . To ensure that fetal exposure to this teratogenic agent does not occur, the manufacturer has instituted a comprehensive program to control prescribing, dispensing, and use of the drug. This program, known as the System for @entity2 Education and Prescribing Safety (S.T.E.P.S. [Celgene Corporation, Warren, New Jersey]), is based in part on experience gained with other drugs--specifically @entity4 and @entity1 --that offer important clinical benefits but carry the potential for serious harm. To achieve its goal of the lowest possible incidence of drug-associated teratogenicity, the S.T.E.P.S. program uses a three-pronged approach: (1) controlling access to the drug; (2) educating prescribers, pharmacists, and @entity0 ; and (3) monitoring compliance. Clinicians who wish to prescribe @entity2 must be registered in the S.T.E.P.S. Prescriber Registry and agree to prescribe the drug in accordance with S.T.E.P.S. @entity0 eligibility criteria and monitoring procedures. Pharmacies must also register and agree to comply with @entity0 identification and monitoring criteria. Finally, @entity0 receive visual aids, including a videotape, written material, and verbal counseling about the benefits and risks of @entity2 therapy, the importance of not becoming pregnant during therapy, and the types of contraception required (including emergency contraception) and their availability. @entity0 of childbearing potential must agree to undergo pregnancy testing before starting therapy and on a regular schedule during therapy. All @entity0 must agree to complete a confidential survey about their compliance with contraception, testing, and drug therapy. The manufacturer is monitoring survey results and outcome data and is prepared to make whatever modifications to the S.T.E.P.S. program are necessary to ensure its effectiveness. In addition to minimizing the potential risk for fetal harm associated with @entity2 therapy, the S.T.E.P.S. program may provide a model for future cases in which a drug offers compelling benefits but poses profound risks unless its distribution is carefully controlled.

title: S.T.E.P.S.: a comprehensive program for controlling and monitoring access to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT _ OBJECTIVE: Norwegian hospitals' @entity1 teams are seldom exposed to severely injured @entity0 . We developed and implemented a one-day multi-professional training course for hospital @entity1 teams in order to improve communication, cooperation and leadership. METHODS: Training courses were held in 28 Norwegian hospitals with learning objectives: improved team work, common understanding of treatment priorities and principles, communication skills, and threats to efficient communication. Two @entity1 teams in each hospital had two consecutive simulations in their hospital's own emergency room, as part of the course. Simulation was based on real cases, with a low-fidelity mannequin as @entity0 . @entity0 completed questionnaires before and after the training course. RESULTS: A total of 2,860 @entity1 team members participated in the courses, of which 1,237 took part in the simulation. Independent of hospital size, the @entity0 reported leadership and communication to be major obstacles during their last real @entity1 team participation. Immediately after the training, all @entity0 reported highly fulfilled educational expectations and a high perception of learning, and taking part in the practical simulation improved the evaluation. Nurses scored their outcome significantly higher than physicians. @entity0 from minor hospitals reported as great a benefit from the training as personnel from major hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Local team training is a feasible approach and team simulation offers an excellent opportunity to practise demanding and infrequent challenges. The simulation format makes it possible to integrate training on interpersonal skills as well as communication and leadership under stress. Continued requests for such training in Norway support this conclusion.

title: Training multiprofessional XXXX teams in Norwegian hospitals using simple and low cost local simulations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 (P.g) is the primary bacterial agent in many forms of @entity6 . Since polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are first-line responders to P.g.- induced @entity1 , and fibrinogen is important for in vivo PMN in this disease, we have studied the effect of @entity5 ( @entity7 ) (an inflammatory stimulus), P.g. fimbriae and fimbrial peptides (based on FimA, the main structural protein of P.g. fimbriae) on PMN-fibrinogen interactions. Freshly isolated @entity0 PMNs were allowed to react with @entity4 -Fibrinogen and various fimbrial peptides (denoted as FimA followed by @entity2 number within whole FimA protein), and @entity4 -Fibrinogen binding was measured using flow cytometry. Freshly isolated neutrophils were also challenged with Fibrinogen and/or fimbrial peptides to measure IL-8 secretion using ELISA. Our studies show that fibrinogen binding to PMNs is enhanced (p < 0.01) in response to fMLP as well as fimbrial peptides (FimA 61-80) containing the motif LTTE (p < 0.01) in a dose dependent manner but not in response to peptides without that motif. We also observed that fMLP and FimA 61-80 have an additive effect on fibrinogen binding to PMNs (p < 0.05), and fMLP and FimA 171-185 significantly inhibit fMLP-induced fibrinogen binding (p < 0.01). To determine of the role of inflammatory cytokines, we examined IL-8 release from PMNs in response to combinations of @entity3 fimbriae, fMLP and fibrinogen. In all cases, IL-8 release increased in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). fMLP-fibrinogen effect on IL-8 release from PMNs was synergistic while fimbriae-fibrinogen effect was additive. In summary, PMN priming by fimbrial peptides facilitates fibrinogen-PMN interaction and may increase @entity1 .

title: Fibrinogen-neutrophil interactions in response to fMLP and XXXX fimbrial peptides.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Laboratory Proficiency Testing Program (LPTP) assesses the analytical performance of all licensed laboratories in Ontario. The LPTP Enzymes, Cardiac Markers, and Lipids Committee conducted a "Patterns of Practice" survey to assess the in-house quality control (QC) practices of laboratories in Ontario using @entity0 as the QC paradigm. DESIGN AND METHODS: The survey was questionnaire-based seeking information on statistical calculations, software rules, review process and data retention, and so on. Copies of the in-house @entity0 QC graphs were requested. A total of 120 of 210 laboratories were randomly chosen to receive the questionnaires during 1995 and 1996; 115 laboratories responded, although some did not answer all questions. RESULTS: The majority calculate means and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) every month, using anywhere from 4 to >100 data points. 65% use a fixed mean and @entity1 , while 17% use means calculated from the previous month. A few use a floating or cumulative mean. Some laboratories that do not use fixed means use a fixed @entity1 . About 90% use some form of statistical quality control rules. The most common rules used to detect random error are 1(3s)/R4s while 2(2s)/4(1s)/10x are used for systematic errors. About 20% did not assay any QC at levels >5.5 mmol/L. CONCLUSIONS: Quality control data are reviewed daily (technologists), weekly and monthly (supervisors/directors). Most laboratories retain their QC records for up to 3 years on paper and magnetic media. On some QC graphs the mean and @entity1 , QC product lot number, or reference to action logs are not apparent. Quality control practices in Ontario are, therefore, disappointing. Improvement is required in the use of clinically appropriate concentrations of QC material and documentation on QC graphs.

title: An overview of quality control practices in Ontario with particular reference to XXXX analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Prematurity remains the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity in Singapore. Prevention of prematurity is therefore of vital importance. Epidemiological methods using historical variables have been superseded by ongoing pregnancy factors including work, exercise and cervical dilatation. @entity7 levels bear a positive correlation to duration and cervical dilatation but are not elevated at onset. PGE production is high in ruptured membranes. @entity3 and relaxin are potent inhibitors before labour. Infection must play an important role in developing countries as organisms not thought of to be pathogenic produce @entity6 . For prediction, cervical assessment and topography are proving important. In view of the dangerous side effects of tocolytic drugs and the difficulty in diagnosis of @entity5 , absence of fetal breathing is a useful index of progressive labour. In those labours that are advanced, whether to allow vaginal delivery or not will be determined by the presentation and condition of the fetus. The complementary role of other drugs to reduce morbidity from @entity8 and @entity2 is being studied. @entity4 should be avoided and the @entity0 delivered without @entity1 under optimal circumstances. In utero transfer to a facility with neonatal intensive care carries a better prognosis for the baby.

title: Current concepts in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a novel approach to @entity1 (MC) application during trabeculectomy surgery and to report the 1-year results of surgery using this technique. METHODS: One hundred and eight consecutive trabeculectomies and phaco-trabeculectomies using MC were performed by a single consultant surgeon, using a standardized technique. This technique involved injecting MC into the Tenon's layer during the procedure, rather than applying it directly to the under-surface of the conjunctiva. RESULTS: Preoperative mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 23.6 +/- 5.8 mmHg. Mean IOP 12 months following surgery was 12.2 +/- 3.9 mmHg. Seventy-six eyes (70.3%) had an IOP less than 2/3 listing IOP at 12 months without the need for anti- @entity0 medication. Ninety-three eyes (86%) had an IOP <21 mmHg, 79 (73%) had an IOP <16 mmHg and 62 (57%) had an IOP <14 mmHg without anti- @entity0 medication at 12 months. Transient complications included hyphaema, @entity3 and @entity2 in 14.8%, 5.6% and 15.7% of cases, respectively. @entity4 (defined as IOP <7 mmHg, excluding the first day postoperatively) was seen in 21.3% of cases. At 12 months, 21 eyes (19.4%) had @entity3 and five (4.6%) had Tenon's cysts with an IOP greater than 20 mmHg. CONCLUSION: A novel means of applying intraoperative MC is described. The 12-month outcome data show it to be an effective technique that compares favourably with others in the literature.

title: Trabeculectomy surgery augmented with intra-Tenon injection of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Experimental reports have proved that @entity7 damage the @entity2 . Moreover it is now accepted that duodenogastric reflux occurs in 20-30% of cholecystectomized @entity0 . The Authors, with the purpose of defining a correlation between @entity5 by @entity10 and @entity9 have taken into consideration two groups of 14 @entity0 each. To the first group belonged cholecystectomized @entity0 , who had @entity1 , constant heart burn, with associated @entity3 and @entity4 . To the second group belonged asymptomatic @entity0 with previous cholecystectomy. All these @entity0 were endoscoped (EGDS), and their endoscopic biopsy specimens were surveyed. 99Tc HIDA cholescintigraphy was performed in all the groups of @entity0 , after endoscopy. In 85% of symptomatic @entity0 we found, during endoscopy, reflux of bile into the stomach with associated reddish and inflammatory change of antral mucosa vs. 7.14% of the control group. @entity8 was found in 71.43% of endoscopic biopsy specimens of Symptomatic vs. 14.28% of asymptomatic @entity0 . Superficial chronic @entity6 was found in 28.57% of symptomatic vs. 50% of asymptomatic @entity0 . At last we found active @entity8 (Whitehead) in 90% of symptomatic @entity0 vs. 0% of asymptomatic @entity0 . The Authors conclude that there is a positive correlation between duodenogastric reflux and @entity9 when biliary reflux is correlated with an histological finding of antral active chronic @entity6 .

title: [Correlation between XXXX and biliary reflux gastritis. Endoscopic study].

answer: @entity9


abstract: In @entity1 , blood flow to essential organs including the retina is reduced owing to macrovascular and/or microvascular changes. Poor glycolytic pathway of @entity3 metabolism owing to tissue @entity4 caused by @entity2 at capillary bed of essential organs produces excessive @entity6 and less of @entity5 , which lead to poor cellular function. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between increased anaerobic glycolysis and visual acuity in @entity1 without @entity7 . Fifty @entity0 of @entity1 of 10-12 years duration, without @entity7 , constituted the study group. The controls were 50 age-matched healthy @entity0 without @entity1 . Blood @entity6 level and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured in both the groups. The mean blood @entity6 level was 1.05 mM/l in the control group and 2.32 mM/l in the study group. BCVA of 20/20 (log MAR 0) was seen in 48 (96%) @entity0 of the control group and in 27 (54%) @entity0 of the study group. BCVA of 20/30 (log MAR 0.2) was seen in 23 (46%) @entity0 in the study group and 2 (4%) in the control group. Association of higher blood @entity6 level with decreased BCVA in the study group was statistically significant (P< 0.001).

title: Relation between increased anaerobic glycolysis and visual acuity in long-standing XXXX without @entity7 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In @entity1 , blood flow to essential organs including the retina is reduced owing to macrovascular and/or microvascular changes. Poor glycolytic pathway of @entity3 metabolism owing to tissue @entity4 caused by @entity2 at capillary bed of essential organs produces excessive @entity6 and less of @entity5 , which lead to poor cellular function. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between increased anaerobic glycolysis and visual acuity in @entity1 without @entity7 . Fifty @entity0 of @entity1 of 10-12 years duration, without @entity7 , constituted the study group. The controls were 50 age-matched healthy @entity0 without @entity1 . Blood @entity6 level and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured in both the groups. The mean blood @entity6 level was 1.05 mM/l in the control group and 2.32 mM/l in the study group. BCVA of 20/20 (log MAR 0) was seen in 48 (96%) @entity0 of the control group and in 27 (54%) @entity0 of the study group. BCVA of 20/30 (log MAR 0.2) was seen in 23 (46%) @entity0 in the study group and 2 (4%) in the control group. Association of higher blood @entity6 level with decreased BCVA in the study group was statistically significant (P< 0.001).

title: Relation between increased anaerobic glycolysis and visual acuity in long-standing @entity1 without XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Conservative management of @entity3 by radioactive plaques or protonbeam is widely used since 1968. The treatment of these @entity1 at Curie Institute has been done with @entity4 plaques since 1968. Indications were first monophthalmic @entity0 but are now much wide. We have been treating since 1981 all @entity0 with @entity1 diameter less than 17 mm and @entity1 height less than 12 mm. The technic includes general anesthesia to place the disc with localisation of the @entity1 by transillumination or by indirect ophthalmoscopy. A dose of 70 to 90 grays is delivered to the apex of the @entity1 . We report two cases of @entity0 treated by @entity4 60 plaque for @entity3 . The first @entity0 has a 5 mm high @entity3 temporal to the macula. After treatment by @entity4 plaque, he showed no echographic changes but angiograms revealed an hypofluorescent zone in the central part of the @entity1 . The second @entity0 has an 8 mm @entity1 that after plaque showed only angiographic changes. Evolution after treatment of @entity3 by radioactive plaque is variable. Echographic changes are very low and it is frequent to observe no modification in the height of the @entity1 for a long time for this reason, repeated angiograms can be very useful in the follow up of these @entity0 . They frequently show hypofluorescent spot in the central part of a @entity1 that was hyperfluorescent before treatment. Sometimes there is diffuse lowering of the fluorescence. We think that these modifications of fluorescence can be due to diminution of the vascularisation of the @entity1 or may be to central @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Value of angiography in the surveillance of @entity3 treated by XXXX disk].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Conservative management of @entity3 by radioactive plaques or protonbeam is widely used since 1968. The treatment of these @entity1 at Curie Institute has been done with @entity4 plaques since 1968. Indications were first monophthalmic @entity0 but are now much wide. We have been treating since 1981 all @entity0 with @entity1 diameter less than 17 mm and @entity1 height less than 12 mm. The technic includes general anesthesia to place the disc with localisation of the @entity1 by transillumination or by indirect ophthalmoscopy. A dose of 70 to 90 grays is delivered to the apex of the @entity1 . We report two cases of @entity0 treated by @entity4 60 plaque for @entity3 . The first @entity0 has a 5 mm high @entity3 temporal to the macula. After treatment by @entity4 plaque, he showed no echographic changes but angiograms revealed an hypofluorescent zone in the central part of the @entity1 . The second @entity0 has an 8 mm @entity1 that after plaque showed only angiographic changes. Evolution after treatment of @entity3 by radioactive plaque is variable. Echographic changes are very low and it is frequent to observe no modification in the height of the @entity1 for a long time for this reason, repeated angiograms can be very useful in the follow up of these @entity0 . They frequently show hypofluorescent spot in the central part of a @entity1 that was hyperfluorescent before treatment. Sometimes there is diffuse lowering of the fluorescence. We think that these modifications of fluorescence can be due to diminution of the vascularisation of the @entity1 or may be to central @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Value of angiography in the surveillance of XXXX treated by @entity4 disk].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The epidemiology and clinical implications of asymptomatic @entity4 ( @entity4 ) including both @entity2 and flutter in pacemaker recipients with and without @entity1 history are not well understood. The Atrial High Rate Episodes (A-HIRATE) in Pacemaker @entity0 Trial was designed to identify and compare the incidence of @entity4 in @entity0 with and without previously diagnosed @entity4 and a standard indication for dual chamber pacing, and to provide useful diagnostic information for clinical management. METHODS: Four hundred twenty-seven @entity0 were implanted with a pacemaker (Kappa 7-900, Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) capable of detecting and storing multiple @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and followed for 2 years. Group I included 331 @entity0 without prior history of @entity4 and Group II included 96 @entity0 with prior @entity4 history. RESULTS: Pacemaker diagnostics appropriately detected 93% of reviewed @entity3 . The rate of occurrence of first @entity3 was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in Group II @entity0 , as was average @entity3 burden. The rate of first @entity3 occurrence was 88.6% for @entity0 in Group II and 53.8% in Group I at 24 months post-implant. The rate of @entity3 occurrence was similar in both groups after the first month post-implant. The majority of stored @entity3 were asymptomatic; symptoms did not correspond to an actual @entity3 in most @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity4 in pacemaker recipients is high. Most device-detected @entity3 are asymptomatic. Prior history of @entity4 is associated with higher @entity1 burden. @entity3 diagnostics have a high positive predictive value for identifying @entity4 events.

title: Asymptomatic XXXX in pacemaker recipients: incidence, progression, and determinants based on the atrial high rate trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Immunologic response in @entity0 revaccinated against @entity1 was dealt with in this paper. Out of 35 examined @entity0 with the mean age of 47.4 years on the day of revaccination 20% of them had titres of antitetanus antibodies on the lower limit which guaranteed antitetanus protection (0.01-0.02 i.j./m.). Values of titre were below 1.00 i.j./m. in one third of @entity0 . A high degree of negative correlation was statistically established between the age of @entity0 and the height of titre (p less than 0.001). Mean geometric titre (GMT) of the @entity0 amounted to 1.32 i.j./ml on the day of revaccination. Seven days following revaccination GMT was 10.41 i.j./ml and it was the best illustration of immunity " @entity2 " induced by one dose of Te Al vaccine a 0.5 ml. Optimal values of the titre (over 1.00 i.j./ml) occurred in all examined @entity0 . @entity3 of revaccinated titre upon age was of less significance (P = 0.01). A high degree of @entity3 of revaccinated titre upon the values on the day of revaccination was statistically established (p less than 0.001). It was concluded that by revaccination of @entity0 with the lowest protective titre as well a safe antitetanus protection was provided in a 7-day period. This conclusion also necessitated obligatory immunization against @entity1 at an older age too whereby a more expensive active-passive treatment of injured @entity0 would de avoided.

title: [Effective revaccination against XXXX in adults].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Suicide is a major cause of @entity2 among @entity0 with @entity1 . Research indicates that at least 5-13% of @entity1 @entity0 die by suicide, and it is likely that the higher end of range is the most accurate estimate. There is almost total agreement that the @entity1 @entity0 who is more likely to commit suicide is young, male, white and never married, with good premorbid function, @entity3 and a history of substance abuse and suicide attempts. Hopelessness, social isolation, hospitalization, deteriorating health after a high level of premorbid functioning, recent loss or rejection, limited external support, and family stress or instability are risk factors for suicide in @entity0 with @entity1 . Suicidal schizophrenics usually fear further @entity6 , and they experience either excessive @entity5 or @entity4 in treatment. Awareness of illness has been reported as a major issue among suicidal @entity1 @entity0 , yet some researchers argue that insight into the illness does not increase suicide risk. Protective factors play also an important role in assessing suicide risk and should also be carefully evaluated. The neurobiological perspective offers a new approach for understanding self-destructive behavior among @entity0 with @entity1 and may improve the accuracy of screening schizophrenics for suicide. Although, there is general consensus on the risk factors, accurate knowledge as well as early recognition of @entity0 at risk is still lacking in everyday clinical practice. Better knowledge may help clinicians and caretakers to implement preventive measures. This review paper is the result of a joint effort between researchers in the field of suicide in @entity1 . Each expert provided a brief essay on one specific aspect of the problem. This is the first attempt to present a consensus report as well as the development of a set of guidelines for reducing suicide risk among @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Suicide risk in XXXX : learning from the past to change the future.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Visual outcome following repair of post-traumatic corneal perforation may not be optimal due to presence of irregular keratometric @entity2 . We performed a study to evaluate and compare rigid gas permeable contact lens and spectacles in visual rehabilitation following perforating @entity1 . METHOD: Eyes that had undergone repair for corneal perforating injuries with or without lens @entity4 were fitted rigid gas permeable contact lenses. The fitting pattern and the improvement in visual acuity by contact lens over spectacle correction were noted. RESULTS: Forty eyes of 40 @entity0 that had undergone surgical repair of posttraumatic @entity3 were fitted rigid gas permeable contact lenses for visual rehabilitation. Twenty-four eyes (60%) required aphakic contact lenses. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of > or = 6/18 in the snellen's acuity chart was seen in 10 (25%) eyes with spectacle correction and 37 (92.5%) eyes with the use of contact lens (p < 0.001). The best-corrected visual acuity with spectacles was 0.20 +/- 0.13 while the same with contact lens was 0.58 +/- 0.26. All the @entity0 showed an improvement of > or = 2 lines over spectacles in the snellen's acuity chart with contact lens. CONCLUSION: Rigid gas permeable contact lenses are better means of rehabilitation in eyes that have an irregular cornea due to scars caused by perforating @entity1 .

title: Contact lens rehabilitation following repaired XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 media is the most common reason for @entity0 to receive antibiotics, but there is no evidence about the effect of prescribing on reattendance. AIM: To evaluate the changing workload of @entity3 in general practice, and the impact on surgery reattendance of prescribing antibiotics at first attendance. DESIGN OF STUDY: A case-linked cohort analysis for antibiotic prescribing versus no prescribing at first consultation event. SETTING: Two hundred and ninety-one practices spread throughout the UK recording for the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) and incorporating individual @entity0 data records for 2,265,574 @entity0 . METHOD: All @entity3 coded events that can be classed within @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or @entity2 sub-categories (and excluding @entity4 ) were selected for analysis when the first event was from 1991-2001. The effect of antibiotic prescription on the risk of reattendance using Cox proportional hazards regression was analysed. RESULTS: Total consultations for @entity1 have fallen markedly over this decade, and @entity2 have risen but by a much smaller extent (26,000 decrease versus 4000 increase in consultations per year), which makes relabelling an unlikely explanation of the fall in @entity1 consultations. In the 2-10 years age range, consultations for @entity1 fell from 105.3 to 34.7 per 1000 per year, with @entity2 unaltered (15.2 to 16.7 per 1000 per year). Antibiotic prescribing for @entity1 has stayed remarkably constant (80-84% of consultations), but antibiotic prescribing for @entity2 has risen sharply (13 to 62%). Prescribing antibiotics increased the risk of reattendance for @entity1 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07 to 1.10) and has reduced the risk of reattendance for @entity2 (HR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88 to 0.96). CONCLUSION: Prescribing antibiotics for @entity1 probably increased reattendance, but the opposite effect has been noted for @entity2 , which suggests a treatment effect of antibiotics in @entity2 . Further research is needed to clarify whether this possible benefit is worth the known harms, and if so in which subgroups of @entity0 .

title: Consultations for XXXX , antibiotic prescribing and risk factors for reattendance: a case-linked cohort study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are limited data about the longer-term outcomes in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) when comparing the realistic alternatives of immediate prescription of antibiotics and a 'wait and see' or delayed prescribing policy. AIM: The aim was to assess the medium and longer term outcomes of two prescribing strategies for @entity3 media. DESIGN OF STUDY: Follow-up of a randomised controlled trial cohort. SETTING: Primary care. METHOD: Three-hundred and fifteen @entity0 aged 6 months to 10 years presenting with @entity2 were randomised to immediate antibiotics, or antibiotics delayed at the parents discretion 72 hours if the @entity0 still had significant @entity4 or @entity1 , or was not improving. Episodes of @entity4 since study entry were documented, and a poor score (of 9 or more--the top 20%) on a reliable six-item functional rating scale (Cronbach's alpha = 0.75). RESULTS: The delayed prescribing strategy did not significantly increase reported episodes of @entity4 in the 3 months since randomisation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48 to 1.65) or over 1 year (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.60 to 1.78) nor of poor scores on the function scale at 3 months (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.61 to 2.22) or 1 year (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.57 to 2.19), and controlling for subsequent antibiotic use after the randomised episode did not alter these estimates. The number of prior episodes of @entity2 documented in the doctor's notes predicted episodes of @entity4 reported (0, 1, > or = 2 episodes, respectively; OR = 1, 2.42, 2.61; chi2 for trend 8.04; P<0.01). There was weaker evidence that prior episodes also predicted poor function at 1 year (OR = 1, 1.86, 2.28; chi2 for trend 5.49; P = 0.019). For @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 (two or more previous episodes documented in the doctor's notes, n = 43) there was possible evidence of fewer episodes of @entity4 in the 3 months since study entry in the immediate antibiotic group (10% compared to 39% in the delayed group, chi2 4.8, P = 0.029), but no effect from randomisation to 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: For most @entity0 , delayed prescribing is not likely to have adverse longer-term consequences. @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 are more likely to have poorer outcomes. Secondary analysis should be treated with caution and requires confirmation, but suggests that treating such children with antibiotics immediately may not alter longer-term outcomes.

title: Longer term outcomes from a randomised trial of prescribing strategies in XXXX media.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Twenty 'commensal' oral or 'pathogenic' vaginal isolates of @entity2 were examined for colony morphology on malt/ @entity1 -extract and serum-based agar media. Diverse and variable colony morphology was seen on serum agar. In 17 strains, selective subculture of morphologically atypical colonies produced progeny which had reverted to the morphology of the majority of parental colonies. However, in one strain, a highly stable colony variant was isolated which did not revert on subculture. In two further strains, variants were isolated which could be maintained with at least 99% homogeneous colony type by selective colony subculture, but reversion to the parental type or switching to other morphologies occurred at rates of 10(-2) to 10(-4): a rapid switching phenomenon. The relative proportions of mycelial or @entity1 forms were the main determinants of colony morphology. The variants were biotyped using a selection of biochemical tests. The stable variant differed from its parent in several characters, including rate of production of a proteinase enzyme. The pathogenicity of variants was compared in @entity0 , and both stable and switching variants differed in virulence from their parental strains. Colony-type variation on suitable media is thus a powerful tool in the isolation of mutants or variants of @entity2 which differ from 'isogenic' parents in significant biological properties. Such variants may aid identification and characterization at the molecular level of determinants of, for example, pathogenicity and morphogenesis.

title: Biological attributes of colony-type variants of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The issue of dermal absorption of @entity3 (Be) particles through intact healthy skin has not yet been demonstrated. The interest in Be dermal exposure as a potential pathway for toxic effects was emphasized in Quebec (Canada) when a recycling industry processing spent pot lining (SPL) related to the @entity2 industry was recently requested by health authorities to conduct a Be particle size study and to provide a Tyvek coverall for full skin protection of workers. This study aimed to (1) calculate the dermal and inhalation exposures and (2) apply the results to the case study of a recycling SPL industry. Airborne dust was sampled in order to determine Be particles size. Exposure assessment via the skin and the respiratory routes was measured over a working day using standard calculations. The assessment of workers' clothing protection was obtained by swiping the skin on the forearm and upper front leg before and after exposure. Respirable Be (0.044 microg) was 23% of the total Be (0.19 microg). Be particles with a median mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 0.93 and below totaled 0.0103 microg (5% of @entity4 ). The daily dose for the respiratory route was calculated to be 0.022 microg/kg/d, while the daily doses for the dermal route varied between 0.027 x 10(-7) microg/kg/d and 0.025 x 10(-3) microg/kg/d. After exposure, no Be was found on the skin of workers wearing a @entity1 coverall protection. When using a @entity0 coverall, minor amounts of Be were found. These results showed that dermal daily dose exposure is negligible. However, note that the case study did not involve handling of contaminated items by the workers, which lead to significant dermal exposure if care is not taken. Although daily dermal exposure may be small, because of uncertainties, a precautionary principle should be applied in an active sense.

title: Dermal exposure to XXXX : a pilot case study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Population health surveys around the world have studied the epidemiology of comorbid @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and other @entity2 as part of larger efforts to assess needs and direct integrated planning and delivery of services. This study presents the first national assessment in Canada of the prevalence of co-occurring @entity4 and other @entity2 , with attention to differences by substance problem severity, sex, age, and region. METHODS: This work is a secondary analysis of data from the 2002 Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-Being. The sample was obtained using a multistage stratified cluster design (n = 36,984, response rate = 77%). RESULTS: The 12-month population prevalence of co-occurring disorders was 1.7%. The 12-month prevalence of other @entity2 was higher among those with illicit drug, relative to @entity3 , problems and among those with @entity4 , compared with those with less severe problems. Sex and age differences mirrored population differences in @entity1 . Salient regional differences included the higher rate of co-occurring disorders in British Columbia and the lower rates in Quebec. CONCLUSIONS: Cross-study comparisons are hampered by methodological differences; however, these Canadian rates are at the lower end of the range reported internationally. This might have resulted from the exclusion of several disorders known to be highly comorbid with @entity4 . Nonetheless, prevalence is high in certain subgroups, and efforts under way to improve Canada's substance abuse and mental health services should continue to ensure that adequate attention is directed to the needs of @entity0 with co-occurring disorders.

title: Prevalence of co-occurring substance use and other XXXX in the Canadian population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of @entity2 1200 mg in treating @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: An open, multicentre, non case control clinical trial was conducted in 568 @entity0 suffering from @entity1 from Jul 1, 2006 to Nov 30, 2006. Routine examination, score of clinical symptoms and physical signs, mycetology test and safety evaluation were done in all @entity0 before treatment, 7 - 14 days after treatment and 30 days after treatment. RESULTS: Seven to fourteen days after treatment, 563 @entity0 could be followed and 323 @entity0 (57.3%) were cured. The overall effective rate was 90.2%. The mycologic cure rate was 91.3% (514). Thirty days after treatment, 480 @entity0 could be followed and 411 @entity0 (85.6%) were cured. The total effective rate was 96.0%. Mycologic cure rate was 92.3% (443/480). Adverse effect rate was 2.7% (15/563) and they were relieved without any treatment in one or two days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 1200 mg is effective in the treatment of @entity1 , with good compliance and few adverse effects. Moreover, it can be accepted easily.

title: [Clinical effect and safety of XXXX 1200 mg in treating @entity1 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of @entity2 1200 mg in treating @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: An open, multicentre, non case control clinical trial was conducted in 568 @entity0 suffering from @entity1 from Jul 1, 2006 to Nov 30, 2006. Routine examination, score of clinical symptoms and physical signs, mycetology test and safety evaluation were done in all @entity0 before treatment, 7 - 14 days after treatment and 30 days after treatment. RESULTS: Seven to fourteen days after treatment, 563 @entity0 could be followed and 323 @entity0 (57.3%) were cured. The overall effective rate was 90.2%. The mycologic cure rate was 91.3% (514). Thirty days after treatment, 480 @entity0 could be followed and 411 @entity0 (85.6%) were cured. The total effective rate was 96.0%. Mycologic cure rate was 92.3% (443/480). Adverse effect rate was 2.7% (15/563) and they were relieved without any treatment in one or two days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 1200 mg is effective in the treatment of @entity1 , with good compliance and few adverse effects. Moreover, it can be accepted easily.

title: [Clinical effect and safety of @entity2 1200 mg in treating XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of combined pegylated liposomal @entity4 (PLD) and @entity11 in the treatment of @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 67 @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 or primary @entity13 (8 cases) who were treated with combined @entity14 and @entity11 . The response rate, survival and @entity3 were evaluated. The mean age for 67 @entity0 was 52.1 (39 - 76) years. All of them received cytoreductive surgery followed by @entity6 -based chemotherapy either with @entity7 or @entity5 and @entity4 after diagnosis. Combined PLD and @entity11 was used as first or second-line treatment or even after multiple lines of treatment after disease recurred. @entity0 were treated with PLD at 35 - 40 mg/m(2) combined with @entity11 at an area under curve (AUC) of 5 once every 4 weeks. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity0 were evaluable for response. Twenty-three (47%) @entity0 had a complete response, 13 (27%) had a partial response, 3 (6%) had stable disease and 10 (20%) had progressive disease. The estimated median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8 months. The 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 73% and 55%, respectively. All of the 67 @entity0 were evaluated for @entity3 . The treatment was terminated in 2 @entity0 due to @entity2 -like infusion reaction. Four @entity0 who had acute infusion reaction with @entity8 and tightness of chest did not terminate the treatment because no such reaction occurred when restarted the infusion. There were 2 @entity0 with G(2) and 3 @entity0 with G(3) @entity15 , 2 @entity0 had G(4) @entity12 , and 8 @entity0 had G(3) @entity10 . No G(4) @entity10 or @entity9 occurred. CONCLUSION: The combination of PLD and @entity11 is an active and well-tolerated regimen in the treatment of @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 .

title: [Combined pegylated liposomal @entity4 and XXXX in the treatment of recurrent @entity1 ].

answer: @entity11


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of combined pegylated liposomal @entity4 (PLD) and @entity11 in the treatment of @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 67 @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 or primary @entity13 (8 cases) who were treated with combined @entity14 and @entity11 . The response rate, survival and @entity3 were evaluated. The mean age for 67 @entity0 was 52.1 (39 - 76) years. All of them received cytoreductive surgery followed by @entity6 -based chemotherapy either with @entity7 or @entity5 and @entity4 after diagnosis. Combined PLD and @entity11 was used as first or second-line treatment or even after multiple lines of treatment after disease recurred. @entity0 were treated with PLD at 35 - 40 mg/m(2) combined with @entity11 at an area under curve (AUC) of 5 once every 4 weeks. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity0 were evaluable for response. Twenty-three (47%) @entity0 had a complete response, 13 (27%) had a partial response, 3 (6%) had stable disease and 10 (20%) had progressive disease. The estimated median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8 months. The 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 73% and 55%, respectively. All of the 67 @entity0 were evaluated for @entity3 . The treatment was terminated in 2 @entity0 due to @entity2 -like infusion reaction. Four @entity0 who had acute infusion reaction with @entity8 and tightness of chest did not terminate the treatment because no such reaction occurred when restarted the infusion. There were 2 @entity0 with G(2) and 3 @entity0 with G(3) @entity15 , 2 @entity0 had G(4) @entity12 , and 8 @entity0 had G(3) @entity10 . No G(4) @entity10 or @entity9 occurred. CONCLUSION: The combination of PLD and @entity11 is an active and well-tolerated regimen in the treatment of @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 .

title: [Combined pegylated liposomal XXXX and @entity11 in the treatment of recurrent @entity1 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of combined pegylated liposomal @entity4 (PLD) and @entity11 in the treatment of @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 67 @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 or primary @entity13 (8 cases) who were treated with combined @entity14 and @entity11 . The response rate, survival and @entity3 were evaluated. The mean age for 67 @entity0 was 52.1 (39 - 76) years. All of them received cytoreductive surgery followed by @entity6 -based chemotherapy either with @entity7 or @entity5 and @entity4 after diagnosis. Combined PLD and @entity11 was used as first or second-line treatment or even after multiple lines of treatment after disease recurred. @entity0 were treated with PLD at 35 - 40 mg/m(2) combined with @entity11 at an area under curve (AUC) of 5 once every 4 weeks. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity0 were evaluable for response. Twenty-three (47%) @entity0 had a complete response, 13 (27%) had a partial response, 3 (6%) had stable disease and 10 (20%) had progressive disease. The estimated median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8 months. The 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 73% and 55%, respectively. All of the 67 @entity0 were evaluated for @entity3 . The treatment was terminated in 2 @entity0 due to @entity2 -like infusion reaction. Four @entity0 who had acute infusion reaction with @entity8 and tightness of chest did not terminate the treatment because no such reaction occurred when restarted the infusion. There were 2 @entity0 with G(2) and 3 @entity0 with G(3) @entity15 , 2 @entity0 had G(4) @entity12 , and 8 @entity0 had G(3) @entity10 . No G(4) @entity10 or @entity9 occurred. CONCLUSION: The combination of PLD and @entity11 is an active and well-tolerated regimen in the treatment of @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 .

title: [Combined pegylated liposomal @entity4 and @entity11 in the treatment of recurrent XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the recovery patterns and the influencing factors of @entity3 in maxillofacial surgery by retrospective analysis of a serial clinical data. METHODS: A total of 182 @entity0 with @entity3 were reviewed. The cause of @entity3 after @entity1 , the treatment, the initial recovery time of @entity2 and the total recovery time were recorded. The factors that influenced the outcome of @entity2 were analyzed. RESULTS: The @entity3 was common in @entity4 . The injury pattern, location, age and reconstruction time all had effects on the function recovery of the facial nerve. Within 6 months, 45 of 49 (92%) anatomic injured @entity0 completely recovered in 6 months; 53 of 59 @entity0 (90%) began to recover when nerve had been ruptured. In 12 months, 33 of 35 @entity0 (94%) after nerve anastomosed and 5 of 8 @entity0 (62%) with nerve transplantation got complete recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Preserving the facial nerve during surgery is very important. If the facial nerve is injured, reconstructive surgery should be applied as soon as possible.

title: [Clinical analysis of 182 cases with XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated vertebra @entity2 and @entity4 in adults to determine the profile of @entity0 presenting with a @entity1 etiology. METHODS: The study included 372 @entity0 (264 @entity0 , 108 @entity0 ; mean age 30.4 years; range 18 to 65 years) who were treated for vertebra @entity2 from 1988 to 2003. Evaluations included demographic features of @entity0 , @entity1 mechanisms, @entity2 levels and types, treatment modalities, and @entity4 . The types of @entity2 were assessed according to the Denis classification. RESULTS: The types of @entity2 were classified as follows: compression @entity2 (n=212, 57.0%), @entity2 (n=146, 39.3%), seat belt-induced @entity2 (n=8, 2.2%), and @entity2 (n=6, 1.6%). Involvement was at one level in 290 @entity0 (77.9%), two levels in 61 @entity0 (16.4%), three levels in 15 @entity0 (4.0%), and four levels in six @entity0 (1.6%). The most common localization was the thoracolumbar spine (transition zone) with 275 @entity2 (57.2%). The causes of @entity2 were fall from height in 211 @entity0 (56.7%), traffic accidents in 145 @entity0 (39.0%), and direct @entity1 in 16 @entity0 (4.3%). Associated @entity2 were detected in 110 @entity0 (29.6%), the most common being @entity2 in 35 @entity0 (9.4%). Apart from orthopedic problems, 38 @entity0 (10.2%) had other organ @entity1 and/or @entity3 . Treatment was conservative in 302 @entity0 (81.2%) and surgical in 70 @entity0 (18.8%). CONCLUSION: Every @entity0 presenting after a high-energy @entity1 should be regarded as having a vertebra @entity2 until proven otherwise. When a vertebra @entity2 is detected, investigation should be extended for involvement at other levels and @entity4 .

title: [Evaluation of XXXX and @entity4 in adults].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated vertebra @entity2 and @entity4 in adults to determine the profile of @entity0 presenting with a @entity1 etiology. METHODS: The study included 372 @entity0 (264 @entity0 , 108 @entity0 ; mean age 30.4 years; range 18 to 65 years) who were treated for vertebra @entity2 from 1988 to 2003. Evaluations included demographic features of @entity0 , @entity1 mechanisms, @entity2 levels and types, treatment modalities, and @entity4 . The types of @entity2 were assessed according to the Denis classification. RESULTS: The types of @entity2 were classified as follows: compression @entity2 (n=212, 57.0%), @entity2 (n=146, 39.3%), seat belt-induced @entity2 (n=8, 2.2%), and @entity2 (n=6, 1.6%). Involvement was at one level in 290 @entity0 (77.9%), two levels in 61 @entity0 (16.4%), three levels in 15 @entity0 (4.0%), and four levels in six @entity0 (1.6%). The most common localization was the thoracolumbar spine (transition zone) with 275 @entity2 (57.2%). The causes of @entity2 were fall from height in 211 @entity0 (56.7%), traffic accidents in 145 @entity0 (39.0%), and direct @entity1 in 16 @entity0 (4.3%). Associated @entity2 were detected in 110 @entity0 (29.6%), the most common being @entity2 in 35 @entity0 (9.4%). Apart from orthopedic problems, 38 @entity0 (10.2%) had other organ @entity1 and/or @entity3 . Treatment was conservative in 302 @entity0 (81.2%) and surgical in 70 @entity0 (18.8%). CONCLUSION: Every @entity0 presenting after a high-energy @entity1 should be regarded as having a vertebra @entity2 until proven otherwise. When a vertebra @entity2 is detected, investigation should be extended for involvement at other levels and @entity4 .

title: [Evaluation of @entity2 and XXXX in adults].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Epidemiological studies have reported associations between measures of size and weight at birth and disease risk in later life. Alteration in the regulation of the @entity3 in response to prenatal @entity2 has been proposed as one underlying mechanism. The present study investigated in @entity0 the association of prenatal psychosocial @entity2 exposure with subsequent @entity3 regulation in adult life, with a focus on measures of response to challenge and feedback sensitivity. Healthy young adults whose mothers experienced severe @entity2 during their pregnancy in form of major negative life events (e.g. death of someone close; prenatal @entity2 (PS) group, n=31) and an age-matched comparison group (CG, n=30) underwent the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and a 1 microg ACTH(1-24) stimulation test. In addition, a diurnal @entity1 profile was assessed. ACTH concentrations following a standardized behavioural challenge paradigm ( @entity4 ) were marginally significantly higher in PS subjects than in CG subjects (p=.06). Pre- @entity4 adrenocortical ( @entity1 ) levels were lower (p=.007), whereas the increase in @entity1 in response to the @entity4 was higher (p=.03) in PS subjects compared to CG subjects. @entity1 concentrations following a pharmacological stimulation test simulating pituitary activity (ACTH(1-24) test) were significantly lower in PS than in CG subjects (p=.006). No differences emerged between the two groups in basal diurnal @entity1 levels. This study provides first evidence in @entity0 of an association between prenatal psychosocial @entity2 exposure and subsequent alterations in the regulation of the @entity3 .

title: Prenatal exposure to maternal psychosocial @entity2 and XXXX regulation in young adults.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Epidemiological studies have reported associations between measures of size and weight at birth and disease risk in later life. Alteration in the regulation of the @entity3 in response to prenatal @entity2 has been proposed as one underlying mechanism. The present study investigated in @entity0 the association of prenatal psychosocial @entity2 exposure with subsequent @entity3 regulation in adult life, with a focus on measures of response to challenge and feedback sensitivity. Healthy young adults whose mothers experienced severe @entity2 during their pregnancy in form of major negative life events (e.g. death of someone close; prenatal @entity2 (PS) group, n=31) and an age-matched comparison group (CG, n=30) underwent the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and a 1 microg ACTH(1-24) stimulation test. In addition, a diurnal @entity1 profile was assessed. ACTH concentrations following a standardized behavioural challenge paradigm ( @entity4 ) were marginally significantly higher in PS subjects than in CG subjects (p=.06). Pre- @entity4 adrenocortical ( @entity1 ) levels were lower (p=.007), whereas the increase in @entity1 in response to the @entity4 was higher (p=.03) in PS subjects compared to CG subjects. @entity1 concentrations following a pharmacological stimulation test simulating pituitary activity (ACTH(1-24) test) were significantly lower in PS than in CG subjects (p=.006). No differences emerged between the two groups in basal diurnal @entity1 levels. This study provides first evidence in @entity0 of an association between prenatal psychosocial @entity2 exposure and subsequent alterations in the regulation of the @entity3 .

title: Prenatal exposure to maternal psychosocial XXXX and @entity3 regulation in young adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the efficacy of transforaminal epidural @entity1 injections under computed tomography (CT) in relieving @entity2 due to @entity3 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity0 (7 males, 35 females; mean age 67 years; range 34 to 90 years) with @entity2 due to @entity3 were prospectively monitored following transforaminal epidural @entity1 injections under computed tomography. Injections were repeated twice in two @entity0 (4.8%) and three times in one @entity0 (2.4%). The severity of @entity2 was assessed with the use of a visual analog scale (VAS) before and after injections (1st day, 1st week, 3rd week, 6th month, and the last follow-up). The mean follow-up period was 12.1 months (range 6 to 25 months). RESULTS: The median VAS score before injections was 9 (range 6 to 10). During the first six months, the median VAS scores were always significantly lower than the preinjection score (p<0.005). The mean VAS score of 23 @entity0 with a follow-up of at least a year was still significantly lower than that obtained at the end of six months (2.26 vs 2.52, p<0.005). No procedure-related complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Selective transforaminal epidural @entity1 and analgesic injection under CT guidance is a safe and reliable conservative method to relieve @entity2 due to @entity3 .

title: [Transforaminal epidural XXXX injection under computed tomography guidance in relieving @entity2 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the efficacy of transforaminal epidural @entity1 injections under computed tomography (CT) in relieving @entity2 due to @entity3 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity0 (7 males, 35 females; mean age 67 years; range 34 to 90 years) with @entity2 due to @entity3 were prospectively monitored following transforaminal epidural @entity1 injections under computed tomography. Injections were repeated twice in two @entity0 (4.8%) and three times in one @entity0 (2.4%). The severity of @entity2 was assessed with the use of a visual analog scale (VAS) before and after injections (1st day, 1st week, 3rd week, 6th month, and the last follow-up). The mean follow-up period was 12.1 months (range 6 to 25 months). RESULTS: The median VAS score before injections was 9 (range 6 to 10). During the first six months, the median VAS scores were always significantly lower than the preinjection score (p<0.005). The mean VAS score of 23 @entity0 with a follow-up of at least a year was still significantly lower than that obtained at the end of six months (2.26 vs 2.52, p<0.005). No procedure-related complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Selective transforaminal epidural @entity1 and analgesic injection under CT guidance is a safe and reliable conservative method to relieve @entity2 due to @entity3 .

title: [Transforaminal epidural @entity1 injection under computed tomography guidance in relieving XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: New light has recently been shed on the way phototherapy reduces @entity2 concentration in icteric @entity0 . The introduction of a high-performance liquid chromatography technique led to the discovery of new photoisomers of @entity2 , the configurational and structural isomers with high and low quantum yields, respectively, and to a renewed interest in the photochemical properties of @entity2 in vitro and in vivo. Circular dichroism and absorption spectroscopies have then shown that @entity2 behaves like a bichromophoric system, with the 2 halves of the molecule strongly interacting in the excited state. This coupling mechanism makes the quantum yields of @entity2 photochemistry wavelength-dependent, with marked effects in the long wavelength edge of the @entity2 absorption spectrum. The photochemistry of @entity2 is substantially similar in icteric @entity1 and babies, and is consistent with what is observed in vitro. However, the metabolism of @entity2 photoproducts in @entity1 sometimes differs quite significantly from that in babies. In particular, only the low quantum yield structural isomer, @entity4 , is efficiently excreted by babies. Although the relative role of the @entity2 photoprocesses in the therapy of @entity3 is not yet known with certainty, the structural photoisomerization is generally assumed to represent the main route of @entity2 elimination. As a consequence, the determination of the spectral band that optimizes the process of formation of @entity4 in neonate may represent an important step in the improvement of the clinical protocol of phototherapy. Therefore, in addition to reviewing the most recent data on @entity2 photochemistry and the metabolism of @entity2 products, this article presents a computation of the optimal light for @entity4 formation. The combined effects of long-wavelength photochemistry of @entity2 and skin attenuation show that the optimal spectral range should be between 480 and 510 nm.

title: Phototherapy for neonatal XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity1 have a markedly increased incidence of antibodies to melanocytes, referred to as @entity1 antibodies. Antibodies to @entity2 have been reported in some @entity0 with @entity1 , suggesting that @entity1 antibodies may be directed to this enzyme. However, there is considerable controversy as to the frequency with which these antibodies occur, and, hence, about their relevance to the pathogenesis of @entity1 . The frequency with which antityrosinase antibodies occur in @entity1 is critical to evaluate their potential role in the pathogenesis of this disease. OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of antibodies to @entity2 in a large group of @entity0 with @entity1 . DESIGN: We examined the incidence of antibodies to enzymatically and immunologically active @entity2 in @entity0 with and without @entity1 . SETTING: Outpatient clinic in referral center. @entity0 : The study was conducted on serum samples obtained from 54 @entity0 with active (n = 40) and inactive (n = 14) uncomplicated @entity1 and from 52 age- and sex-matched individuals without @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Presence in the serum of antibodies to enzymatically and/or immunologically active @entity2 . RESULTS: By immunoblotting, 20 @entity0 (50%) with active @entity1 , 9 of those (64.3%) with inactive @entity1 , and 29 control individuals (55.8%) had antibodies to an antigen that comigrated with @entity2 . However, by immunoprecipitation DOPA stain and by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, none of the @entity1 or control individuals had antibodies to @entity2 , even though both assays easily detected control antityrosinase antibodies. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that while antibodies to an antigen(s) that comigrates with @entity2 are common in @entity0 with or without @entity1 , @entity1 antibodies are not directed to @entity2 .

title: Vitiligo antibodies are not directed to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of histopathological grading according to the protocol of Elston/Ellis and the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) to a defined @entity0 population. The NPI is the sum of the individual scores concerning grade, @entity2 size, and lymph node status, each weighted according to regression coefficients of a Cox proportional hazard analysis and calculated for each individual @entity0 @entity1 . 630 consecutive @entity1 with invasive @entity0 diagnosed 1988-91 were retrospectively followed up and their @entity2 reviewed and graded. A Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed. Grade, lymph node status, and @entity2 size were statistically significant predictors of survival within the follow up period (median 7.2 years). Similar to NPI, a temporary index (Kalmar Prognostic Index, KPI) was derived and normalised to NPI for comparison (KPI(norm)). NPI and KPI(norm) gave similar prognostic power in spite of the differences of the @entity1 populations from which the 2 indices were derived. @entity1 with NPI 4 or less had 0.66% @entity0 specific mortality during the follow up time. 14% of the @entity1 with NPI 4.1-5 and 32% of those with an index sum 5.1-6 died from @entity0 during this time. Younger @entity1 tended to have higher grade @entity2 . We advocate the common use of grade and the NPI in order to increase the comparability of groups of @entity1 receiving different therapies.

title: Applying the Nottingham Prognostic Index to a Swedish XXXX population. South East Swedish @entity0 Study Group.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of histopathological grading according to the protocol of Elston/Ellis and the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) to a defined @entity0 population. The NPI is the sum of the individual scores concerning grade, @entity2 size, and lymph node status, each weighted according to regression coefficients of a Cox proportional hazard analysis and calculated for each individual @entity0 @entity1 . 630 consecutive @entity1 with invasive @entity0 diagnosed 1988-91 were retrospectively followed up and their @entity2 reviewed and graded. A Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed. Grade, lymph node status, and @entity2 size were statistically significant predictors of survival within the follow up period (median 7.2 years). Similar to NPI, a temporary index (Kalmar Prognostic Index, KPI) was derived and normalised to NPI for comparison (KPI(norm)). NPI and KPI(norm) gave similar prognostic power in spite of the differences of the @entity1 populations from which the 2 indices were derived. @entity1 with NPI 4 or less had 0.66% @entity0 specific mortality during the follow up time. 14% of the @entity1 with NPI 4.1-5 and 32% of those with an index sum 5.1-6 died from @entity0 during this time. Younger @entity1 tended to have higher grade @entity2 . We advocate the common use of grade and the NPI in order to increase the comparability of groups of @entity1 receiving different therapies.

title: Applying the Nottingham Prognostic Index to a Swedish @entity0 population. South East Swedish XXXX Study Group.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: We dissected prevailing assumptions about @entity3 and reviewed data that support and reject these assumptions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five questions about @entity3 and the risk of @entity1 were identified because of their implications in parent counseling and clinical management. Standard search techniques through MEDLINE were used to identify all relevant English language studies of the questions being examined. Each of the 5 questions was then examined in light of the existing data. RESULTS: The RR of @entity1 in a @entity3 case is 2.75 to 8. A RR of between 2 and 3 has been noted in @entity0 who undergo orchiopexy by ages 10 to 12 years. @entity0 who undergo orchiopexy after age 12 years or no orchiopexy are 2 to 6 times as likely to have @entity1 as those who undergo prepubertal orchiopexy. A contralateral, normally descended testis in a @entity0 with @entity3 carries no increased risk of @entity1 . Persistently cryptorchid (inguinal and abdominal) testes are at higher risk for @entity4 (74%), while corrected cryptorchid or scrotal testicles that undergo malignant transformation are most likely to become nonseminomatous (63%, p <0.0001), presumably because of a decreased risk of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Orchiectomy may be considered in healthy @entity0 with @entity3 who are between ages 12 and 50 years. Observation should be recommended in postpubertal males at significant anesthetic risk and all males older than 50 years. While 5% to 15% of scrotal testicular remnants contain germinal tissue, only 1 case of @entity2 in situ has been reported, suggesting that the risk of @entity1 in these remnants is extremely low.

title: Cryptorchidism and XXXX : separating fact from fiction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To our knowledge the optimal analgesia during prostate biopsy remains undetermined. We tested the efficacy and safety of combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream and @entity2 during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 280 @entity0 were randomized to receive combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream and @entity2 (group 1), perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream alone (group 2), @entity2 alone (group 3) or no anesthesia (group 4) before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. @entity1 was evaluated with a 10-point visual analog scale at subsequent procedural steps, including perianal-intrarectal substance administration, prostate transrectal ultrasound, @entity2 and sampling. Complications were assessed by self-administered questionnaire and telephone interview. RESULTS: The groups were comparable in @entity0 age, prostate volume, pathology results and visual analog scale perianal-intrarectal substance administration. Visual analog scale results for transrectal ultrasound were lower in groups 1 and 2 vs 3 and 4 (mean 1.5 and 1.41 vs 5.37 and 5.31, p <0.001) and results for @entity2 were lower in group 1 vs 3 (mean 1.03 vs 3.74, p <0.001). Results for sampling were lower in groups 1 to 3 vs 4 (mean 0.77, 1.27 and 1.27 vs 4.33, p <0.001) and in group 1 vs 2 and 3 (p <0.001). Stratified analysis showed that visual analog scale sampling was lower in group 1 vs 2 and 3 in @entity0 65 years old or younger, those with a prostate greater than 49 cc and those with lower anorectal compliance (visual analog scale results for perianal-intrarectal substance administration greater than 2) (p = 0.006, <0.001 and 0.003, respectively). The overall complication rate was similar in all 4 groups (p = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream and @entity2 provides better @entity1 control than the 2 modalities alone during the sampling part of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy with no increase in the complication rate. The magnitude of this effect is higher in younger @entity0 , @entity0 with a larger prostate and @entity0 with lower anorectal compliance.

title: Combination of perianal-intrarectal XXXX - @entity4 cream and @entity2 for @entity1 control during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To our knowledge the optimal analgesia during prostate biopsy remains undetermined. We tested the efficacy and safety of combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream and @entity2 during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 280 @entity0 were randomized to receive combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream and @entity2 (group 1), perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream alone (group 2), @entity2 alone (group 3) or no anesthesia (group 4) before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. @entity1 was evaluated with a 10-point visual analog scale at subsequent procedural steps, including perianal-intrarectal substance administration, prostate transrectal ultrasound, @entity2 and sampling. Complications were assessed by self-administered questionnaire and telephone interview. RESULTS: The groups were comparable in @entity0 age, prostate volume, pathology results and visual analog scale perianal-intrarectal substance administration. Visual analog scale results for transrectal ultrasound were lower in groups 1 and 2 vs 3 and 4 (mean 1.5 and 1.41 vs 5.37 and 5.31, p <0.001) and results for @entity2 were lower in group 1 vs 3 (mean 1.03 vs 3.74, p <0.001). Results for sampling were lower in groups 1 to 3 vs 4 (mean 0.77, 1.27 and 1.27 vs 4.33, p <0.001) and in group 1 vs 2 and 3 (p <0.001). Stratified analysis showed that visual analog scale sampling was lower in group 1 vs 2 and 3 in @entity0 65 years old or younger, those with a prostate greater than 49 cc and those with lower anorectal compliance (visual analog scale results for perianal-intrarectal substance administration greater than 2) (p = 0.006, <0.001 and 0.003, respectively). The overall complication rate was similar in all 4 groups (p = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream and @entity2 provides better @entity1 control than the 2 modalities alone during the sampling part of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy with no increase in the complication rate. The magnitude of this effect is higher in younger @entity0 , @entity0 with a larger prostate and @entity0 with lower anorectal compliance.

title: Combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - XXXX cream and @entity2 for @entity1 control during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To our knowledge the optimal analgesia during prostate biopsy remains undetermined. We tested the efficacy and safety of combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream and @entity2 during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 280 @entity0 were randomized to receive combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream and @entity2 (group 1), perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream alone (group 2), @entity2 alone (group 3) or no anesthesia (group 4) before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. @entity1 was evaluated with a 10-point visual analog scale at subsequent procedural steps, including perianal-intrarectal substance administration, prostate transrectal ultrasound, @entity2 and sampling. Complications were assessed by self-administered questionnaire and telephone interview. RESULTS: The groups were comparable in @entity0 age, prostate volume, pathology results and visual analog scale perianal-intrarectal substance administration. Visual analog scale results for transrectal ultrasound were lower in groups 1 and 2 vs 3 and 4 (mean 1.5 and 1.41 vs 5.37 and 5.31, p <0.001) and results for @entity2 were lower in group 1 vs 3 (mean 1.03 vs 3.74, p <0.001). Results for sampling were lower in groups 1 to 3 vs 4 (mean 0.77, 1.27 and 1.27 vs 4.33, p <0.001) and in group 1 vs 2 and 3 (p <0.001). Stratified analysis showed that visual analog scale sampling was lower in group 1 vs 2 and 3 in @entity0 65 years old or younger, those with a prostate greater than 49 cc and those with lower anorectal compliance (visual analog scale results for perianal-intrarectal substance administration greater than 2) (p = 0.006, <0.001 and 0.003, respectively). The overall complication rate was similar in all 4 groups (p = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream and @entity2 provides better @entity1 control than the 2 modalities alone during the sampling part of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy with no increase in the complication rate. The magnitude of this effect is higher in younger @entity0 , @entity0 with a larger prostate and @entity0 with lower anorectal compliance.

title: Combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream and @entity2 for XXXX control during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To our knowledge the optimal analgesia during prostate biopsy remains undetermined. We tested the efficacy and safety of combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream and @entity2 during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 280 @entity0 were randomized to receive combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream and @entity2 (group 1), perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream alone (group 2), @entity2 alone (group 3) or no anesthesia (group 4) before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. @entity1 was evaluated with a 10-point visual analog scale at subsequent procedural steps, including perianal-intrarectal substance administration, prostate transrectal ultrasound, @entity2 and sampling. Complications were assessed by self-administered questionnaire and telephone interview. RESULTS: The groups were comparable in @entity0 age, prostate volume, pathology results and visual analog scale perianal-intrarectal substance administration. Visual analog scale results for transrectal ultrasound were lower in groups 1 and 2 vs 3 and 4 (mean 1.5 and 1.41 vs 5.37 and 5.31, p <0.001) and results for @entity2 were lower in group 1 vs 3 (mean 1.03 vs 3.74, p <0.001). Results for sampling were lower in groups 1 to 3 vs 4 (mean 0.77, 1.27 and 1.27 vs 4.33, p <0.001) and in group 1 vs 2 and 3 (p <0.001). Stratified analysis showed that visual analog scale sampling was lower in group 1 vs 2 and 3 in @entity0 65 years old or younger, those with a prostate greater than 49 cc and those with lower anorectal compliance (visual analog scale results for perianal-intrarectal substance administration greater than 2) (p = 0.006, <0.001 and 0.003, respectively). The overall complication rate was similar in all 4 groups (p = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream and @entity2 provides better @entity1 control than the 2 modalities alone during the sampling part of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy with no increase in the complication rate. The magnitude of this effect is higher in younger @entity0 , @entity0 with a larger prostate and @entity0 with lower anorectal compliance.

title: Combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3 - @entity4 cream and XXXX for @entity1 control during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The microbial flora from 46 @entity1 of 23 @entity0 and 18 sites in 9 healthy @entity0 were examined and levels of serum IgG antibody to gram negative periodontal disease-associated bacteria were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque samples and serum samples were taken 40-50 days after initial preparation consisting of scaling and root planing. To evaluate the effects of the therapy on 10 @entity0 with @entity5 , changes in clinical parameters were compared with alterations of the microbial flora and serum IgG antibody levels. Black-pigmented Bacteroides species, mainly @entity2 , were found to be predominant in @entity1 . A significant relationship was found between the prevalence of @entity2 and elevated titers of serum IgG antibody against the microorganism. No relationships between @entity3 , @entity4 and elevated titers of serum IgG antibody to them were detected. The fact that there was no marked reduction of serum IgG antibody to @entity2 after initial preparation suggests that a more extended, longitudinal study is required. Although brushing resulted in a significant reduction of the number of total cultivable organisms in samples from periodontal pockets, no significant proportional changes in gram-negative bacteria in the lesional flora were found. Initial preparation was not effective in eliminating gram-negative bacteria from deep periodontal pockets. However, the microbiological shifts, especially the reduction in the proportion and frequency of detection of @entity2 in periodontal pockets, was paralleled by significant improvement in the clinical parameters.

title: [Microbiological evaluation of initial preparation for XXXX @entity0 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The microbial flora from 46 @entity1 of 23 @entity0 and 18 sites in 9 healthy @entity0 were examined and levels of serum IgG antibody to gram negative periodontal disease-associated bacteria were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque samples and serum samples were taken 40-50 days after initial preparation consisting of scaling and root planing. To evaluate the effects of the therapy on 10 @entity0 with @entity5 , changes in clinical parameters were compared with alterations of the microbial flora and serum IgG antibody levels. Black-pigmented Bacteroides species, mainly @entity2 , were found to be predominant in @entity1 . A significant relationship was found between the prevalence of @entity2 and elevated titers of serum IgG antibody against the microorganism. No relationships between @entity3 , @entity4 and elevated titers of serum IgG antibody to them were detected. The fact that there was no marked reduction of serum IgG antibody to @entity2 after initial preparation suggests that a more extended, longitudinal study is required. Although brushing resulted in a significant reduction of the number of total cultivable organisms in samples from periodontal pockets, no significant proportional changes in gram-negative bacteria in the lesional flora were found. Initial preparation was not effective in eliminating gram-negative bacteria from deep periodontal pockets. However, the microbiological shifts, especially the reduction in the proportion and frequency of detection of @entity2 in periodontal pockets, was paralleled by significant improvement in the clinical parameters.

title: [Microbiological evaluation of initial preparation for @entity5 XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: No previous research has examined the psychosocial adjustment of chronic @entity4 @entity0 following efficacious pharmacotherapy. In contrast, considerable research has examined the process of psychosocial adjustment following surgical relief of chronic @entity3 . This process can manifest as a clinical syndrome, the 'burden of normality', comprising psychological, behavioural, affective and sociological features. The aim of the present study was to characterise the process of psychosocial adjustment of @entity0 with successfully treated @entity4 and to explore the applicability of the burden of normality. @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty-three @entity4 @entity0 and 31 @entity3 surgery @entity0 were recruited through routine outpatient follow-up at the Austin Hospital in Melbourne. All @entity0 underwent in-depth, qualitative psychosocial assessment using a well-validated semi-structured interview, the Austin CEP Interview. They were also administered quantitative measures of @entity2 (State Trait Anxiety Inventory) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II). RESULTS: @entity4 @entity0 spontaneously reported similar themes of post-treatment adjustment to successfully treated @entity3 @entity0 , including symptoms of the burden of normality. Chi-squared analyses revealed that the two groups differed only on disease-specific factors, reflecting the later diagnosis and treatment of @entity4 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results support a general model of adjustment following successful treatment of chronic @entity1 , as the @entity0 discards perceptions of illness and behaviours associated with being 'sick' and learns to become 'well'. Recognition of the burden of normality has important clinical implications for maximising the post-treatment care and outcome of @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Psychosocial adjustment following relief of chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: High blood pressure in the young has been related to the development of @entity2 in adults; hence the importance of identifying adolescents with the risk of developing it.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and the response of blood pressure in adolescents to exercise. DESIGN: A prospective and cross-sectional study. METHODS: We classified 101 @entity0 aged 13-18 years as @entity1 @entity2 , lean @entity2 , @entity1 normotensive, and lean normotensive. Mean blood pressure and variability were measured with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and expressed as 24 h, awake, and sleeping periods. Treadmill tests were also performed. RESULTS: @entity2 and @entity1 normotensives had higher ambulatory blood pressure monitoring values (P< 0.0001). Systolic blood pressure during sleep in @entity1 subjects was significantly higher than that in lean usbjects (119.9 +/- 9 versus 113.6 +/- 8 mmHg, P < 0.001, @entity1 @entity2 versus lean @entity2 ; and 113.6 +/- 2 versus 103.0 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.002, @entity1 normotensives versus lean normotensives) and nocturnal drop of systolic blood pressure was lower in @entity1 subjects. We found a significant correlation between systolic blood pressure during ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and systolic blood pressure during moderate and maximal exercise for all periods (P < 0.0001). Blood pressure variability during awake period was higher in subjects with maximum exercise systolic blood pressure >/= 200 mmHg (7.4 +/- 2 versus 6.4 +/- 2%, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Systolic blood pressure measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is related to response of systolic blood pressure to exercise and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring can identify groups of subjects at greater than normal risk through their higher blood pressure during sleep. Greater than normal blood pressure variability in adolescents is an indicator of the risk of reaching abnormal exercise values of systolic blood pressure. Higher casual blood pressure than ambulatory blood pressure monitoring values for adolescents should be considered abnormal.

title: Relationship between ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and response of blood pressure in male XXXX adolescents to exercise.

answer: @entity2


abstract: For more than 20 years pancreas transplantation has been advocated as a therapeutic modality in @entity0 with @entity3 . When successful, this procedure is the only method for attaining long-term normoglycaemia in @entity1 recipients. However, because of the potential morbidity and mortality, pancreas transplantation should be restricted to @entity1 @entity0 in whom the complications of the @entity1 state are more serious than those of surgery and chronic immunosuppression. Currently three recipient categories have been identified in which pancreas transplantation would seem justifiable. The first includes @entity1 @entity0 with end-stage @entity2 who are already obligated to life-long immunosuppressive therapy because of the @entity2 . In this recipient category the main benefit of receiving a pancreas transplant in addition to a kidney is that the quality of life is markedly improved. In addition, it seems that a functioning pancreas transplant prevents the recurrence of @entity4 in the simultaneously transplanted kidney. Since the success rate with combined pancreas-kidney transplantations is approaching that of renal transplantation alone, there is little controversy about performing the combined procedure in @entity1 @entity0 . However, if the main objective of pancreas transplantation, namely to prevent the late @entity5 , were to be fulfilled this intervention would have to be performed earlier in the course of the disease. Therefore, single pancreatic transplantations have recently been conducted in @entity1 @entity0 with early signs of clinical @entity2 which, currently, is the most powerful predictor of susceptibility to detrimental @entity1 complications. Preliminary findings indicate that, in this second recipient category, single pancreatic transplantation and subsequent euglycaemia may prevent the progression of @entity6 and @entity2 ; with regard to @entity1 the results remain obscure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Indication, selection of XXXX and timing for pancreatic transplantation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Loss of grey matter, a consistent finding in @entity1 , is likely to be influenced by symptom heterogeneity and sex. This study was conducted to determine the extent and region of @entity3 in @entity1 and its relation to symptom syndromes and to @entity0 sex. DESIGN: Prospective study of consecutive @entity0 . SETTING: Psychiatric department of a general teaching hospital. @entity0 : Sixty-one consecutive @entity0 (37 @entity0 and 24 @entity0 ) admitted to hospital for acute exacerbation of @entity1 , as diagnosed according to the DSM third edition, revised. INTERVENTIONS: Computed tomographic examination of the head. OUTCOME MEASURES: Diffuse @entity2 and @entity2 in the frontal and temporal regions and the sylvian fissure were rated using the CT Rating Scale for @entity1 . Ratings were contrasted between male and female subjects; relations between @entity2 ratings and 3 symptom dimensions of @entity1 were examined for male and female subjects separately. RESULTS: Widening of the sylvian fissure was positively related to psychomotor poverty (r = 0.32, p < 0.01). There was a significantly stronger relation between @entity2 and reality distortion in female than in male subjects. There was no sex difference in the @entity2 rating in all regions of the brain, and this lack of sex difference was not related to age of onset, length of illness or age at the time of the CT scan. CONCLUSION: The morphological changes in the brain on CT are no greater in @entity0 than in @entity0 with @entity1 . Different mechanisms may be involved in producing reality distortion symptoms in @entity0 and @entity0 .

title: Computed tomographic findings in XXXX : relation with symptom dimensions and sex differences.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Medicaid insures an estimated 43% of all births in Michigan and provides additional funding for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The objectives of this study are to report on the (1) use of statewide administrative data to examine risk characteristics and @entity2 enrollment of Medicaid-insured pregnant @entity0 in Michigan; and (2) presence and extent of a broad range of risk factors in a sample of @entity2 @entity0 in Michigan, using a newly developed two-tier, risk screener and assessment tool. This study uses Vital Records, Medicaid and other data to describe @entity2 participation by maternal risks in the statewide population of Medicaid-insured pregnant @entity0 (54,582 in the fiscal year 2005). The screener study data is a convenience sample of 2,203 @entity0 screened between February 2005 and October 2007. The administrative data indicates that 26% of Medicaid-eligible pregnant @entity0 had @entity2 contact. Most @entity0 with health behavior risks, such as smoking and drug use, had no contact with @entity2 (68-72%). Approximately 58% of all Medicaid-insured @entity0 had zero to two co-occurring risks, while 42% had three or more of the analyzed risks. Among screened @entity0 who smoke, 9% smoked more than a pack a day. Approximately 34% of @entity0 with a @entity1 screen scored in the moderately or severely @entity1 range. The results of this study suggest great opportunity for @entity2 enhancement by improving the capacity to identify and engage @entity0 with modifiable risks, match interventions to specific health problems, and deliver services at an intensity warranted by the risk level.

title: Who participates in state sponsored Medicaid XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although genes play a major role in the etiology of @entity2 , no major genes involved in this disease have been identified. However, several genes with small effect have been reported, though inconsistently, to increase the risk for @entity2 . Recently, the @entity4 2 allele ( @entity5 polymorphism) was reported to be over-represented in @entity0 with @entity2 . Other reports have found an excess of allele 2(C) only in @entity2 @entity0 who are resistant to @entity3 , not in those who respond to @entity3 . In this study, the @entity4 allele 2 frequencies were compared between 2 groups of @entity0 with @entity2 (39 responders and 63 nonresponders) based on long-term outcome and response to typical neuroleptics. A control group of 90 healthy volunteers screened for @entity1 was also included. Genotype 2/2 tended to be more frequent in @entity0 with @entity2 with poor long-term outcome and poor response to typical neuroleptics (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.09). This difference was significant in @entity0 (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.054) but not in @entity0 . In addition, the age at first contact with @entity1 care was significantly younger in the @entity0 with @entity2 with genotype 2/2 than in @entity0 with genotype 1/1. These result suggest that the @entity4 gene may play a role in a subset of @entity2 characterized by poor long-term outcome and poor response to neuroleptics.

title: @entity5 polymorphism in the @entity4 gene and XXXX : relation to phenotype and drug response variability.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although genes play a major role in the etiology of @entity2 , no major genes involved in this disease have been identified. However, several genes with small effect have been reported, though inconsistently, to increase the risk for @entity2 . Recently, the @entity4 2 allele ( @entity5 polymorphism) was reported to be over-represented in @entity0 with @entity2 . Other reports have found an excess of allele 2(C) only in @entity2 @entity0 who are resistant to @entity3 , not in those who respond to @entity3 . In this study, the @entity4 allele 2 frequencies were compared between 2 groups of @entity0 with @entity2 (39 responders and 63 nonresponders) based on long-term outcome and response to typical neuroleptics. A control group of 90 healthy volunteers screened for @entity1 was also included. Genotype 2/2 tended to be more frequent in @entity0 with @entity2 with poor long-term outcome and poor response to typical neuroleptics (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.09). This difference was significant in @entity0 (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.054) but not in @entity0 . In addition, the age at first contact with @entity1 care was significantly younger in the @entity0 with @entity2 with genotype 2/2 than in @entity0 with genotype 1/1. These result suggest that the @entity4 gene may play a role in a subset of @entity2 characterized by poor long-term outcome and poor response to neuroleptics.

title: XXXX polymorphism in the @entity4 gene and @entity2 : relation to phenotype and drug response variability.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Although genes play a major role in the etiology of @entity2 , no major genes involved in this disease have been identified. However, several genes with small effect have been reported, though inconsistently, to increase the risk for @entity2 . Recently, the @entity4 2 allele ( @entity5 polymorphism) was reported to be over-represented in @entity0 with @entity2 . Other reports have found an excess of allele 2(C) only in @entity2 @entity0 who are resistant to @entity3 , not in those who respond to @entity3 . In this study, the @entity4 allele 2 frequencies were compared between 2 groups of @entity0 with @entity2 (39 responders and 63 nonresponders) based on long-term outcome and response to typical neuroleptics. A control group of 90 healthy volunteers screened for @entity1 was also included. Genotype 2/2 tended to be more frequent in @entity0 with @entity2 with poor long-term outcome and poor response to typical neuroleptics (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.09). This difference was significant in @entity0 (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.054) but not in @entity0 . In addition, the age at first contact with @entity1 care was significantly younger in the @entity0 with @entity2 with genotype 2/2 than in @entity0 with genotype 1/1. These result suggest that the @entity4 gene may play a role in a subset of @entity2 characterized by poor long-term outcome and poor response to neuroleptics.

title: @entity5 polymorphism in the XXXX gene and @entity2 : relation to phenotype and drug response variability.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Of 218 @entity0 with @entity1 , who responded to monotherapy with @entity2 (Minipress) during the first 3 months, 178 @entity0 completed the 12-month treatment according to the study protocol. In 9 @entity0 (4.1%) treatment was discontinued because of increase of blood pressure and/or side effects. In the remaining cases @entity0 did not apply for the control examination or the obtained records were incomplete. During all periods of treatment the mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower than the corresponding initial values. No significant symptoms of drug tolerance were observed. Mean daily dose of Minipress after 12 months was 5.9 in comparison with 5.6 mg after 3-month therapy. Normal systolic and diastolic pressures at the end of treatment were found in 114 (64%) and 153 (86%) @entity0 , respectively. Full normalization of blood pressure (less than or equal to 140/90) was achieved in 105 (59%) @entity0 . It was found that an important factor determining the antihypertensive effectiveness of Minipress is the initial blood pressure. The inverse correlation between the decrease of systolic pressure and age was found, whereas the age did not affect requiring the drug withdrawal occurred in 27 (14.4%) @entity0 ; they were usually the efficacy of Minipress in relation to diastolic blood pressure. Side effects not of moderate intensity and transient character.

title: [Minipress in the treatment of XXXX in light of results from a multicenter study. II. Results of long-term monotherapy].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 apical @entity6 -dependent @entity13 transporter ( @entity18 ) is a potential prodrug target under study. Development of prodrugs that target @entity18 may yield compounds with low solubility and/or susceptibility to hydrolysis. A transport uptake method is needed that increases compound solubility and avoids @entity12 for cell lysis during postexperimental cell sample preparation. The overall goal was to develop an assay method to screen for @entity18 uptake of novel compounds. The first objective was to determine the maximum cosolvent concentrations that are compatible with an @entity18 active transport assay. The second objective was to develop a @entity12 -free cell lysis method to process cell samples from these uptake studies. The following cosolvents were studied: @entity16 ( @entity17 ), @entity11 ( @entity15 ), @entity9 ( @entity9 ), @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity8 , and @entity10 . Initial studies included @entity14 flux studies across @entity18 -Madin-Darby @entity2 kidney monolayers using up to 10% cosolvent, as well as @entity1 studies. The effect of selected cosolvent concentrations on the @entity18 Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters was evaluated. Additionally, two @entity7 -based cell lysis methods that do not use @entity12 were evaluated in terms of percent sample recovery and @entity18 kinetic parameters. Results showed that the maximum permissible cosolvent concentrations for @entity18 uptake studies, without compromising assay results or causing @entity1 , are 1% @entity17 , 1% @entity15 , 2.5% @entity9 , 2.5% @entity4 , and 2.5% @entity5 . Additionally, both @entity12 -free, @entity7 -based cell lysis methods provided similar recovery and @entity18 results, compared to @entity12 method. Hence, an assay method was developed to screen for active transport, allowing for cosolvents that can solubilize compounds and avoid @entity12 sample treatment, which can otherwise degrade compound.

title: Method to screen substrates of apical XXXX -dependent @entity13 transporter.

answer: @entity6