abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for lateral pelvic lymph-node @entity1 . @entity0 : Eighty-four @entity0 with primary lower @entity2 were examined by MRI and subsequently underwent radical surgery with lateral pelvic lymph-node dissection, without preoperative treatment. Lateral lymph-node @entity1 were assessed preoperatively by MRI, and the results were compared with the histopathological findings. The criterion for lateral lymph-node @entity1 was any recognizable lymph node in the pelvic wall, regardless of diameter. RESULT: Lateral pelvic lymph-node @entity1 was diagnosed on preoperative MRI in 16 @entity0 (19.9  %). The overall @entity0 -based sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of MRI were 75, 69.1, 36.4, 92.2, and 70.2  %, respectively. When a cut-off value of 10  mm was used for diagnosis, the corresponding values were 43.8, 98.5, 87.5, 88.1, and 88.1  %, respectively. The mean diameter of metastatic nodes (14.7  mm) was significantly larger than that of negative nodes (5.7  mm; P  <  0.01). CONCLUSION: MRI is an effective technique for predicting lateral pelvic node involvement and thus may facilitate preoperative decision-making in @entity2 treatment. A cut-off value of 10  mm is useful for avoiding unnecessary lateral lymph-node dissection.

title: Prediction of Lateral Pelvic Lymph-Node XXXX in Low @entity2 by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for lateral pelvic lymph-node @entity1 . @entity0 : Eighty-four @entity0 with primary lower @entity2 were examined by MRI and subsequently underwent radical surgery with lateral pelvic lymph-node dissection, without preoperative treatment. Lateral lymph-node @entity1 were assessed preoperatively by MRI, and the results were compared with the histopathological findings. The criterion for lateral lymph-node @entity1 was any recognizable lymph node in the pelvic wall, regardless of diameter. RESULT: Lateral pelvic lymph-node @entity1 was diagnosed on preoperative MRI in 16 @entity0 (19.9  %). The overall @entity0 -based sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of MRI were 75, 69.1, 36.4, 92.2, and 70.2  %, respectively. When a cut-off value of 10  mm was used for diagnosis, the corresponding values were 43.8, 98.5, 87.5, 88.1, and 88.1  %, respectively. The mean diameter of metastatic nodes (14.7  mm) was significantly larger than that of negative nodes (5.7  mm; P  <  0.01). CONCLUSION: MRI is an effective technique for predicting lateral pelvic node involvement and thus may facilitate preoperative decision-making in @entity2 treatment. A cut-off value of 10  mm is useful for avoiding unnecessary lateral lymph-node dissection.

title: Prediction of Lateral Pelvic Lymph-Node @entity1 in Low XXXX by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The significance of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes described in animals with @entity5 is questionable in view that other non-invasive comparisons have been lacking. 12-lead ECG and two-dimensional echocardiography (echo) was performed in 17 seropositive and 13 seronegative @entity6 . Similar to @entity0 , a wide variety of ECG outcomes were observed in the infected animals. Standard ECG measurements were not different between groups. Five seropositive (29%) and 3 seronegative (23%) animals had low voltage; 4 seropositives (24%) and 2 (15%) seronegatives had tall P-waves. Precordial Q waves were seen in 10 seropositives (59%) and in 7 (54%) seronegatives without septal abnormalities on two-dimensional echo. One seropositive animal had a 2(nd) degree (Wenckebach) @entity3 and @entity4 . Most animals in both groups had diffuse T-wave abnormalities. Echo evidence of @entity2 was found in 4 seropositives and in none of the controls; thus, chagasic @entity2 was present in 24% of naturally infected @entity6 . Since most non- @entity0 primates, irrespective of their serology, have diffuse, nonspecific ECG changes not necessarily diagnostic of @entity1 , two-dimensional echo should be added to their non-invasive assessment.

title: Electrocardiographic findings in naturally acquired chagasic XXXX in nonhuman primates.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The current study sought to evaluate a novel kind of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity2 @entity0 (N = 9), age- and gender-matched @entity0 with a major @entity3 (N = 9), and healthy control subjects (N = 10) were trained to use an @entity1 program that relates to activities of daily living (ADL). Digital photographs of a shopping route were implemented in a close-to-reality simulation on a computer touch-screen. The task was to find a predefined shopping route, to buy three items, and to answer correctly 10 multiple-choice questions addressing knowledge related to the virtual tasks. Training performance was rated using the number of mistakes (wrong way), time needed for the tasks, number of correct multiple-choice answers, and of repeat of instruction. Compared to normal controls and @entity3 @entity0 , @entity2 @entity0 performed significantly worse with regard to all variables. Within a 4-week training period including 12 sessions, however, substantial training gains were observed, including a significant reduction of mistakes. Training effects were sustained until follow-up 3 weeks later. The performance of the @entity3 @entity0 and the normal controls improved as well, with no difference between the two groups. Self-reported effects revealed that the training was well perceived. Thus, the task performance of @entity2 @entity0 improved substantially and subjects appeared to have liked this approach to @entity1 . New interactive media, therefore, may yield interesting opportunities for rehabilitation and (psycho)therapeutic interventions.

title: Interactive computer-training as a therapeutic tool in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: As a result of mammographic screening nonpalpable @entity3 are found with increasing frequency. The surgical management of these lesions presents two main problems: (1) How to localize the lesion pre- and intraoperatively; (2) What should be the extension of the axillary dissection for @entity1 . This study is aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility of radioguided excision of nonpalpable @entity3 and the possibility of performing simultaneous sentinel lymph node biopsy for @entity1 . Radioguided breast excisions have been performed in our Department since November 2000. The basis of this method is that radioisotope labelled colloid is injected into the lesion under stereo tactic or sonographic guidance. A gamma-probe is used intraoperatively to locate the lesion and guide its excision. Dual agent guided technique is used for sentinel lymph node biopsy. Radioguided breast excision was performed on 85 @entity0 (93 lesion) till February 2002. The localization and excision were successful in 84 @entity0 (92 lesions) (99%). @entity2 were successfully localized and excised in 7 @entity0 . There were 61 parenchyma lesions (66%) and 31 microcalcifications (34%). Localization was performed under sonographic guidance in 44 @entity0 (52%) and under stereotactic guidance in 40 @entity0 (48%). There were 25 benign (27%) and 67 malignant (73%) lesions. Second surgical procedure (mastectomy) was needed in 4 @entity0 (6.5%) because of histologically incomplete excision. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed in 50 @entity0 . The biopsy was successful in 45 @entity0 (90%). The sentinel lymph node was histologically positive in 2 @entity0 (4.4%). Radioguided localization with the intraoperative use of a gamma-probe is an easy, rapid and highly accurate technique for removing nonpalpable @entity3 and allows simultaneous sentinel lymph node biopsy for @entity1 .

title: [Radioguided excision of non-palpable XXXX with simultaneous sentinel lymph node biopsy].

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and morphological characteristics as well as the surgical outcomes of tractional retinal elevation (TRE) in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) by analyzing spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: SD-OCT images of 26 eyes (24 @entity0 ) who visited our clinic because of TRE and @entity1 from August 2011 to August 2014 were reviewed. According to the presence or absence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity0 were classified into group 1 (without @entity3 ) or group 2 (with @entity3 ), and the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Furthermore, we categorized the SD-OCT morphological components into sponge, cystoid, saw tooth, bridging columnar, and @entity3 and compared the characteristics among @entity0 who had different components. RESULTS: Group 1 had 18 eyes and group 2 had eight eyes. No differences in age, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), or spherical equivalent were observed between the two groups, but group 2 had longer axial length than that of group 1 (p   =   0.02). A large variety of combined OCT findings was found in group 1 compared to that in group 2. @entity3 was the least combined form with the other morphological components. Although 92  % of eyes with the bridging columnar component had the cystoid component, @entity3 and @entity4 ( @entity4 , bridging columnar morphology) were combined in only one eye. CONCLUSION: @entity1 may progress to @entity3 or @entity4 , which are mutually exclusive. They may progress to @entity3 in eyes with a long axial length, and @entity2 seems to develop into @entity4 .

title: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings of tractional retinal elevation in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and morphological characteristics as well as the surgical outcomes of tractional retinal elevation (TRE) in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) by analyzing spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: SD-OCT images of 26 eyes (24 @entity0 ) who visited our clinic because of TRE and @entity1 from August 2011 to August 2014 were reviewed. According to the presence or absence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity0 were classified into group 1 (without @entity3 ) or group 2 (with @entity3 ), and the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Furthermore, we categorized the SD-OCT morphological components into sponge, cystoid, saw tooth, bridging columnar, and @entity3 and compared the characteristics among @entity0 who had different components. RESULTS: Group 1 had 18 eyes and group 2 had eight eyes. No differences in age, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), or spherical equivalent were observed between the two groups, but group 2 had longer axial length than that of group 1 (p   =   0.02). A large variety of combined OCT findings was found in group 1 compared to that in group 2. @entity3 was the least combined form with the other morphological components. Although 92  % of eyes with the bridging columnar component had the cystoid component, @entity3 and @entity4 ( @entity4 , bridging columnar morphology) were combined in only one eye. CONCLUSION: @entity1 may progress to @entity3 or @entity4 , which are mutually exclusive. They may progress to @entity3 in eyes with a long axial length, and @entity2 seems to develop into @entity4 .

title: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings of tractional retinal elevation in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the numbers of @entity0 with @entity1 receiving polypharmacy at the end of their lives and analyze differences in drug prescription at a general oncology ward and a dedicated palliative care ward. METHODS: A retrospective single-center cohort study at a university hospital with a large @entity1 center was conducted. The charts of 100 @entity0 who had died because of @entity1 were reviewed; data concerning sociodemographic variables and medications were collected at four predefined time points (9, 6, 3, 0  days before @entity4 ). RESULTS: Nine days before @entity4 , polypharmacy was registered in 95  % of @entity0 ; they had prescriptions for 11 (9-13) different medications per day (median, IQR). Although this number dropped significantly, on the last day as many as 61  % of the @entity0 were still taking more than 4 drugs (median 6.5, IQR 4-9). No significant difference was noted between the oncology ward and the palliative care ward. Polypharmacy was largely dependent on the @entity0 ' ECOG performance status as well as the type of ward, the number of days before @entity4 , and age. It was not influenced by gender, the duration of hospital stays, and the devices facilitating drug administration. The medications fulfilled the requirements of palliative care in the majority of @entity0 ; 90  % received treatment for @entity3 and @entity2 . @entity0 treated at the palliative ward received more opioids and psychoactive drugs while those at the oncology ward received more anti- @entity1 drugs and fluids. CONCLUSIONS: Polypharmacy still is a problem in the large majority of @entity0 with @entity1 . Further studies should be focused on the @entity0 ' quality of life, drug interactions, and adverse events.

title: Polypharmacy in the terminal stage of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To increase the number of the @entity2 draining lymph nodes lymphocytes (TDLNLs) in @entity2 site and study its anti- @entity2 effect. METHODS: @entity5 -activated TDLNLs were administrated by local injection in 10 @entity3 bearing @entity0 @entity2 at 10(7) cells/ @entity3 , once a week for two weeks. As a control, 10 @entity3 bearing @entity0 @entity2 were injected with D-Hanks buffer solution. RESULTS: The volume and weight of TDLNLs treated @entity2 were significantly reduced in comparison with those of the control (P < 0.05). The observed histopathologic characteristics of treated @entity2 were @entity2 necrotic foci and increased infiltration of lymphocytes in @entity2 and around @entity2 vessels. Proliferation of spleen nodules was also observed in the treatment group. Remote @entity1 was not found in this group. In contrast with the control group, @entity2 necrosis and proliferation of spleen nodules were not observed and infiltration of lymphocytes in the @entity2 was not significant. There was a lung @entity1 in the control group. CONCLUSION: Local injection of TDLNLs is effective against @entity0 @entity4 xenografts in @entity3 . It also could stimulate the immunoresponse of hosts and probably decrease the chance of @entity2 @entity1 .

title: [Local treatment with XXXX laryngeal squamous carcinoma draining lymph node lymphocytes in @entity3 bearing @entity0 @entity4 xenografts].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To increase the number of the @entity2 draining lymph nodes lymphocytes (TDLNLs) in @entity2 site and study its anti- @entity2 effect. METHODS: @entity5 -activated TDLNLs were administrated by local injection in 10 @entity3 bearing @entity0 @entity2 at 10(7) cells/ @entity3 , once a week for two weeks. As a control, 10 @entity3 bearing @entity0 @entity2 were injected with D-Hanks buffer solution. RESULTS: The volume and weight of TDLNLs treated @entity2 were significantly reduced in comparison with those of the control (P < 0.05). The observed histopathologic characteristics of treated @entity2 were @entity2 necrotic foci and increased infiltration of lymphocytes in @entity2 and around @entity2 vessels. Proliferation of spleen nodules was also observed in the treatment group. Remote @entity1 was not found in this group. In contrast with the control group, @entity2 necrosis and proliferation of spleen nodules were not observed and infiltration of lymphocytes in the @entity2 was not significant. There was a lung @entity1 in the control group. CONCLUSION: Local injection of TDLNLs is effective against @entity0 @entity4 xenografts in @entity3 . It also could stimulate the immunoresponse of hosts and probably decrease the chance of @entity2 @entity1 .

title: [Local treatment with @entity0 laryngeal squamous carcinoma draining lymph node lymphocytes in @entity3 bearing XXXX @entity4 xenografts].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To increase the number of the @entity2 draining lymph nodes lymphocytes (TDLNLs) in @entity2 site and study its anti- @entity2 effect. METHODS: @entity5 -activated TDLNLs were administrated by local injection in 10 @entity3 bearing @entity0 @entity2 at 10(7) cells/ @entity3 , once a week for two weeks. As a control, 10 @entity3 bearing @entity0 @entity2 were injected with D-Hanks buffer solution. RESULTS: The volume and weight of TDLNLs treated @entity2 were significantly reduced in comparison with those of the control (P < 0.05). The observed histopathologic characteristics of treated @entity2 were @entity2 necrotic foci and increased infiltration of lymphocytes in @entity2 and around @entity2 vessels. Proliferation of spleen nodules was also observed in the treatment group. Remote @entity1 was not found in this group. In contrast with the control group, @entity2 necrosis and proliferation of spleen nodules were not observed and infiltration of lymphocytes in the @entity2 was not significant. There was a lung @entity1 in the control group. CONCLUSION: Local injection of TDLNLs is effective against @entity0 @entity4 xenografts in @entity3 . It also could stimulate the immunoresponse of hosts and probably decrease the chance of @entity2 @entity1 .

title: [Local treatment with @entity0 laryngeal squamous carcinoma draining lymph node lymphocytes in @entity3 bearing @entity0 XXXX xenografts].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To increase the number of the @entity2 draining lymph nodes lymphocytes (TDLNLs) in @entity2 site and study its anti- @entity2 effect. METHODS: @entity5 -activated TDLNLs were administrated by local injection in 10 @entity3 bearing @entity0 @entity2 at 10(7) cells/ @entity3 , once a week for two weeks. As a control, 10 @entity3 bearing @entity0 @entity2 were injected with D-Hanks buffer solution. RESULTS: The volume and weight of TDLNLs treated @entity2 were significantly reduced in comparison with those of the control (P < 0.05). The observed histopathologic characteristics of treated @entity2 were @entity2 necrotic foci and increased infiltration of lymphocytes in @entity2 and around @entity2 vessels. Proliferation of spleen nodules was also observed in the treatment group. Remote @entity1 was not found in this group. In contrast with the control group, @entity2 necrosis and proliferation of spleen nodules were not observed and infiltration of lymphocytes in the @entity2 was not significant. There was a lung @entity1 in the control group. CONCLUSION: Local injection of TDLNLs is effective against @entity0 @entity4 xenografts in @entity3 . It also could stimulate the immunoresponse of hosts and probably decrease the chance of @entity2 @entity1 .

title: [Local treatment with @entity0 laryngeal squamous carcinoma draining lymph node lymphocytes in XXXX bearing @entity0 @entity4 xenografts].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 -associated protein (CAP) is an adaptor protein that plays important roles in both signal transduction and cytoskeleton rearrangement. Alternative splicing of the gene @entity5 results in multiple isoforms of CAP protein. We report here the cloning of 3 new CAP isoforms, @entity6 , @entity7 , and CAP4, from @entity0 adipose tissue. RT-PCR analyses reveal that the isoform mRNAs are differentially expressed. @entity6 , @entity7 , and CAP4 contain a coiled-coil domain. In addition, CAP4 contains a @entity1 -rich region, part of which exists in @entity7 . Coimmunoprecipitation experiments show that CAP4 forms a homodimeric complex. While these new isoforms similarly interact with @entity4 , they exhibit varied binding specificity toward @entity2 . In contrast to @entity3 and @entity6 , CAP4 does not interact with @entity2 , and @entity7 binds with low affinity. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrates differential subcellular localization of Myc-tagged CAP isoforms in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results suggest that these new isoforms of CAP might play different signaling roles.

title: Cloning and characterization of XXXX -associated protein splicing isoforms.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ulcer management in the UK varies significantly. Judgements made by nurses contribute to this variability and it is often assumed that specialist nurses make better judgements than non-specialist nurses. This paper compares the judgements of community tissue viability specialist nurses and community generalist nurses; specifically, the ways they use clinical information and their levels of accuracy. OBJECTIVES: To compare specialist and non-specialist UK community nurses' clinical information use when managing venous leg @entity1 and their levels of accuracy when making diagnoses and judging the need for treatment. DESIGN: Judgement analysis. SETTING: UK community and primary care nursing services. @entity0 : 18 community generalist nurses working in district (home) nursing teams and general practitioner services and 18 community tissue viability specialist nurses. METHODS: Data were collected in 2011 and 2012. 18 community generalist nurses and 18 community tissue viability specialist nurses made diagnostic and treatment judgements on 110 clinical scenarios and indicated their confidence in each of their judgements. Scenarios were generated from real @entity0 cases and presented online using text and photographs. An expert panel made judgements, and reached consensus on the same scenarios. These judgements were used as a standard against which to compare the @entity0 . @entity3 models and correlational statistics were used to generate various indices of judgement "performance": accuracy, consistency, confidence calibration and information use. Differences between groups of nurses with different levels of characteristics linked to expertise were explored using analysis of variance. RESULTS: Specialist nurses had similar cue usage to the generalist nurses but were more accurate when making diagnostic and treatment judgements. CONCLUSION: It is not obvious why the tissue viability specialist nurses were more accurate. One possible reason might be the greater opportunities for 'deliberate practice' afforded to specialists. However, restricting aspects of practice only to specialist nurses is likely to hinder the judgement performance of generalists.

title: A comparison of the management of venous leg XXXX by specialist and generalist community nurses: A judgement analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish the degree of efficacy of @entity6 treatment over 3 months in the improvement of slow-responding @entity5 in @entity1 . Also, to evaluate the safety of bemiparin and quality of life and to compare the evolution of @entity4 and @entity2 against placebo. DESIGN: Stage III clinical trial to evaluate efficacy and safety in a new indication of a medicine already on the market, parallel in two branches, randomised, triple-blind, and controlled with placebo. SETTING: Health care centres in Mallorca, Spain. @entity0 : 42 @entity0 per branch, over 18, with type-1 or 2 DM of over 3 years evolution, and one or more first or second-degree @entity5 on the Wagner scale, distal to the knee, that did not heal in three months of health care. Randomised allocation in blocks of four.Interventions. The experimental drug was bemiparin (heparin of low molecular weight), injected subcutaneously at 3500 IU/day for the first 10 days and 2500 IU/day up to 90 days. As control, physiological serum was injected sub-cutaneously in a similar volume for masking. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: An "effect"was defined as a reduction of at least 50% in its surface area and/or a favourable evolution in status to a degree between the control at the start of treatment and at three months. Other measurements included @entity3 , retinography and quality of life (SF-36). Analysis of efficacy through principle of intention to treat.

title: [Triple-blind clinical trial with placebo control to evaluate the efficacy of a heparin of low molecular weight (bemiparin) for treating slow-responding XXXX in @entity1 in primary care].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish the degree of efficacy of @entity6 treatment over 3 months in the improvement of slow-responding @entity5 in @entity1 . Also, to evaluate the safety of bemiparin and quality of life and to compare the evolution of @entity4 and @entity2 against placebo. DESIGN: Stage III clinical trial to evaluate efficacy and safety in a new indication of a medicine already on the market, parallel in two branches, randomised, triple-blind, and controlled with placebo. SETTING: Health care centres in Mallorca, Spain. @entity0 : 42 @entity0 per branch, over 18, with type-1 or 2 DM of over 3 years evolution, and one or more first or second-degree @entity5 on the Wagner scale, distal to the knee, that did not heal in three months of health care. Randomised allocation in blocks of four.Interventions. The experimental drug was bemiparin (heparin of low molecular weight), injected subcutaneously at 3500 IU/day for the first 10 days and 2500 IU/day up to 90 days. As control, physiological serum was injected sub-cutaneously in a similar volume for masking. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: An "effect"was defined as a reduction of at least 50% in its surface area and/or a favourable evolution in status to a degree between the control at the start of treatment and at three months. Other measurements included @entity3 , retinography and quality of life (SF-36). Analysis of efficacy through principle of intention to treat.

title: [Triple-blind clinical trial with placebo control to evaluate the efficacy of a heparin of low molecular weight (bemiparin) for treating slow-responding @entity5 in XXXX in primary care].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Successful reproduction requires the coordination of reproductive physiology with behavior. The neural correlates of reproductive behavior have been elucidated in a variety of amphibians, mammals, and birds but relatively few studies have examined reptiles. Here we investigate differences in @entity1 receptor (AR) mRNA expression in the forebrain and oviduct between previtellogenic and late vitellogenic female @entity3 geckos, Eublepharis macularius. Plasma concentrations of @entity0 (T) are low when females are previtellogenic and sexually unreceptive but increase dramatically during late vitellogenesis when females are receptive. In addition, receptivity can be induced by treatment with exogenous T. The relative abundance of AR-mRNA across various nuclei was greater in late vitellogenic than in previtellogenic females. This general pattern was observed in the medial preoptic area, anterior @entity2 , external nucleus of the amygdala, dorsolateral aspect of the ventromedial @entity2 , lateral septum, and periventricular @entity2 . There were also clear differences in AR-mRNA expression among these nuclei. The pattern of gene expression observed in the brain was reversed within stromal cells of the oviduct where expression of AR-mRNA decreased from the previtellogenic stage to the late vitellogenic stage. Overall, these data demonstrate that T concentration in the plasma, abundance of AR-mRNA in the brain and oviduct, and sexual behavior change coordinately during the reproductive cycle of female @entity3 geckos. Although the function of AR in the female @entity3 gecko is not yet clear, our results are in accord with growing evidence that androgens regulate numerous aspects of female physiology and behavior in vertebrates.

title: Changes in @entity1 receptor mRNA expression in the forebrain and oviduct during the reproductive cycle of female XXXX geckos, Eublepharis macularius.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Successful reproduction requires the coordination of reproductive physiology with behavior. The neural correlates of reproductive behavior have been elucidated in a variety of amphibians, mammals, and birds but relatively few studies have examined reptiles. Here we investigate differences in @entity1 receptor (AR) mRNA expression in the forebrain and oviduct between previtellogenic and late vitellogenic female @entity3 geckos, Eublepharis macularius. Plasma concentrations of @entity0 (T) are low when females are previtellogenic and sexually unreceptive but increase dramatically during late vitellogenesis when females are receptive. In addition, receptivity can be induced by treatment with exogenous T. The relative abundance of AR-mRNA across various nuclei was greater in late vitellogenic than in previtellogenic females. This general pattern was observed in the medial preoptic area, anterior @entity2 , external nucleus of the amygdala, dorsolateral aspect of the ventromedial @entity2 , lateral septum, and periventricular @entity2 . There were also clear differences in AR-mRNA expression among these nuclei. The pattern of gene expression observed in the brain was reversed within stromal cells of the oviduct where expression of AR-mRNA decreased from the previtellogenic stage to the late vitellogenic stage. Overall, these data demonstrate that T concentration in the plasma, abundance of AR-mRNA in the brain and oviduct, and sexual behavior change coordinately during the reproductive cycle of female @entity3 geckos. Although the function of AR in the female @entity3 gecko is not yet clear, our results are in accord with growing evidence that androgens regulate numerous aspects of female physiology and behavior in vertebrates.

title: Changes in XXXX receptor mRNA expression in the forebrain and oviduct during the reproductive cycle of female @entity3 geckos, Eublepharis macularius.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Spontaneous @entity6 due to increased bacterial translocation (BT) in @entity0 with @entity7 result in significant morbidity and mortality. The present study evaluates the effects of enteral nutrition with immune enhancing feeds on BT and intestinal villus histopathology promoted @entity7 . METHODS: Fifty male @entity1 -albino @entity1 weighing 250-300g were assigned into five equal groups of 10. Animals in Groups I, II, and III were fed with standard chow, those in Group IV were given @entity5 1g/kg/day and the remaining 10 animals in Group V were fed with an @entity3 , @entity8 , and RNA-supplemented enteral diet for (1g/kg/day @entity4 and 230 kcal/kg) 7 days preoperatively. Group I underwent sham operation and the remaining animals in all other groups underwent common bile duct ligation. After operation, Group I had standard chow, Groups II and IV had @entity5 , Groups III and V had an @entity3 @entity8 , and RNA-supplemented enteral diet for 7 days. All animals were sacrificed on the 8th postoperative day and evaluated both biochemically and histopathologically. Samples from blood, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen were cultured under aerobic conditions. RESULTS: Significantly less BT was observed in groups fed with an @entity3 , @entity8 , and RNA-supplemented enteral diet or @entity5 in pre-and postoperative periods as compared to others (P<0.001). Histologic evaluation also showed significant reduction in villus atrophy in these groups. CONCLUSIONS: Enteral immunonutrition using @entity5 or @entity3 , @entity8 , and RNA-supplemented enteral diet during both pre-and postoperative periods seems to reduce BT and decrease @entity2 in @entity1 with @entity7 .

title: The effect of immunonutrition on bacterial translocation, and intestinal villus atrophy in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the study is to evaluate the use of Siebens Domain Management Model (SDMM) in geriatric- @entity1 @entity0 during inpatient rehabilitation (IR) to increase functional independence, and to reduce institutionalization and acute-care readmissions, which are quality indicators under the U.S. Affordable Care Act. METHODS: In 2010 (preintervention), 66 @entity1 @entity0 aged more than 75 years were admitted to an IR facility, on average, 8.8 days postacute care. In 2012 (postintervention), 58 @entity0 aged more than 75 years were admitted to the same IR facility, on average, 5.0 days postacute care. SDMM intervention involved weekly adjustments of clinical care focused on potential barriers to discharge home. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) efficiency, length of stay (LOS), and disposition rates to community or home, acute care, and long-term care were compared pre- and postintervention within facility, and facility data were compared to national case-mix-group-adjusted data from the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation for both years (2010/2012). RESULTS: Pre- and postintervention demographics and prestroke living support/setting were similar, but preintervention had on average 4 more days LOS in IR and 3.8 more days to IR onset. There were significantly more discharges to community in postintervention (79.3%) compared to preintervention (56.9%) (chi-square   =   6.02, P   <   .013). The preintervention group did not significantly differ from 2010 national data whereas the postintervention/2012 group significantly differed from 2012 national data for higher FIM efficiency (t   =   -3.1, P   <   .002) and more discharges to community (chi-square   =   19.7; P   <   .0001). From 2010 to 2012, there were 3.8 times more discharges to community (chi-square   =   8535; P   <   .0001) and 6 times fewer acute-care dispositions postintervention than nationally (chi-square   =   58.7; P   <   .0001).

title: Evaluating the Siebens Model in Geriatric- XXXX Inpatient Rehabilitation to Reduce Institutionalization and Acute-Care Readmissions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The successful treatment of @entity5 tibia non-unions and tibia non-unions with large bone defects or @entity3 is a major challenge in orthopedic and @entity2 surgery. This article evaluates the use of the 'diamond concept' using a one-step or two-step procedure according to 'Masquelet technique' in the treatment of @entity5 tibia non-unions. METHODS: Between February 2010 and March 2014, 102 @entity0 with @entity5 were treated according to the 'diamond concept' in our center. Ninety-nine were available for follow-up. Forty-nine received a one-step treatment (Group 1, G1) and 50 @entity0 received a two-step treatment according to the 'Masquelet technique' (Group 2, G2). Clinical and radiological parameters were measured preoperatively as well as 4, 6, and 12 weeks and 6 and 12 months postoperatively. In order to evaluate the subjective health of @entity0 , we used the SF-12 questionnaire. Data analysis was performed one year after treatment. RESULTS: The rate of consolidation in G1 was 84% and 80% in G2. The time to heal in G2 was 8.6    2.9 months, which is significantly longer than in G1 being 6.9    3.1 months. In comparison @entity0 in G1/G2 had an average of 3.2/6.7 previous major surgeries. In G1, 4 of 8 @entity0 who did not heal successfully showed positive intraoperative cultures. In G2, 26 @entity0 (52%) initially presented with positive cultures. The results of the SF-12 questionnaire improved in both groups during the postoperative follow-up, but showed no significant differences between groups. In 29 @entity0 a @entity4 -coated nail was used for reosteosynthesis. These @entity0 showed by trend a lower rate of complications at a higher rate of consolidation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the 'diamond concept' is a suitable method for safely and effectively treating non-unions with large defects or @entity3 . The use of an antibiotic-coated nail provides a therapeutic benefit. For large bone defects of infected non-unions the two-step procedure after Masquelet is an efficient way to eradicate the @entity3 and treat the @entity1 successfully.

title: Treatment of XXXX tibia non-unions according to 'diamond concept': Results of one- and two-step treatment.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was in thoracolumbar @entity2 to assess the effectiveness of minimal invasive stabilisation compared to the open technique with regards to the change in kyphosis angle, the loss of reduction and length of hospital stay. METHODS: The retrospective study consisted of 104 @entity0 who received minimally invasive stabilisation or open stabilisation. @entity0 were between 15 and 86 years of age, had a thoracolumbar @entity2 and no @entity1 . Kyphotic angle (Cobb angle) and loss of reduction was compared after minimal invasive and open stabilisation. The Cobb angle was evaluated directly post operatively, at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: Evaluated @entity0 who received the minimally invasive technique had a shorter surgical intervention time and a shorter hospital stay compared to @entity0 who received the open technique. @entity4 angle and loss of reduction showed no significant difference compared to open technique. There was also no significant difference between minimally invasive poly-axial and mono-axial stabilisation. CONCLUSION: In this study we provide evidence that @entity3 instrumentation in selected thoracolumbar @entity2 can effectively be used without significant differences in loss of reduction compared to open stabilisation. @entity3 can also sufficiently retain reduction as compared to traditional open techniques. The main advantages are reduced operation time and shorter hospital stay.

title: Reduction and retention of thoracolumbar XXXX by minimally invasive stabilisation versus open posterior instrumentation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of the femoral offset reportedly improves outcome following total hip arthroplasty, but little is known of its influence following hip @entity2 . We aimed to establish the effect of the femoral offset on the medium-term functional outcome in elderly @entity0 who had sustained @entity1 requiring proximal femoral nailing. @entity0 AND METHODS: We measured the rotation corrected femoral offset (FORC) and relative femoral offset (FORL) on plain anteroposterior radiographs of the hip in 188 @entity0 (58 male, 130 female) with a @entity1 who underwent proximal femoral nailing at our institution. The primary outcome measure was the Harris hip score (HSS) 6 and 12 months postoperatively; the Barthel index was assessed as a secondary outcome. RESULTS: The mean FORC after surgery was 58 mm (  11 mm), while the mean FORL was 1.21 (  0.22). At final follow up, we found significant inverse relationships (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient,   ) between FORC and FORL and the functional outcome assessed by the HSS (FORC:    = -0.207, p = 0.036; FORL:    = -0.247, p = 0.012), and FORL and the Barthel index (FORC:    = -147, p = 0.129; FORL:    = -0.192, p = 0.046). A consistent trend was observed after adjustment for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: Our results underline the biomechanical importance of the femoral offset for medium-term outcomes in elderly @entity0 with @entity1 . In contrast with the published findings on total hip arthroplasty, we found an inverse correlation between functional outcome and the extent of the reconstructed femoral offset. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I - Prognostic study.

title: Femoral offset following trochanteric femoral XXXX : a prospective observational study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The eggs of amphibians are surrounded by an extracellular matrix, termed jelly coat, which is mainly composed of hydrated mucin-type glycoproteins. These highly glycosylated molecules are synthesized by the oviduct and play an important role in the fertilization process. From a structural and chemical point of view, these oviducal mucins are very different from one species to another and they could be involved in the species-specificity of gamete interactions or could influence the parasite tropism. @entity8 and @entity7 are the two most closely related species within the genus, which hybridize readily in nature. Divergence occurred during geographic isolation estimated at 2-7 million years ago. The oviducal mucins of these species have been studied at the @entity1 level, and the primary structures of 28 compounds have been established by NMR spectroscopy. The @entity1 chains released from the oviducal mucins of the two species were similar and characterized by the common sequences @entity2 (beta 1-3)[Fuc(alpha 1-4)]GlcNAc(beta 1-6) and @entity2 (alpha 1-4)Gal(beta 1-4)Gal(beta 1-3) attached to @entity4 -ol (core 2). Nevertheless, some differences confirmed the strict species-specificity of amphibian oviducal @entity1 chains observed previously. On the one hand, the presence of beta Gal 1,4-linked to beta @entity2 in @entity8 , but not in @entity7 , can indicate that beta 4GalT: beta @entity2 and beta 4GalT: beta @entity3 are two distinct glycosyltransferases. On the other hand, @entity9 (Kdn) is present in @entity8 , and @entity5 ( @entity6 ) in @entity7 . Although the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of Kdn are not as well characterized, it can be suggested that at least one step of the biosynthetic pathway of NeuAc has been disrupted, leading the @entity8 oviducal NeuAc-9-synthase to use @entity0 -6-P as a substrate, instead of ManNAc-6-P.

title: Comparative study of @entity1 chains released from the oviducal mucins of the two very closely related amphibian species XXXX and @entity7 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The eggs of amphibians are surrounded by an extracellular matrix, termed jelly coat, which is mainly composed of hydrated mucin-type glycoproteins. These highly glycosylated molecules are synthesized by the oviduct and play an important role in the fertilization process. From a structural and chemical point of view, these oviducal mucins are very different from one species to another and they could be involved in the species-specificity of gamete interactions or could influence the parasite tropism. @entity8 and @entity7 are the two most closely related species within the genus, which hybridize readily in nature. Divergence occurred during geographic isolation estimated at 2-7 million years ago. The oviducal mucins of these species have been studied at the @entity1 level, and the primary structures of 28 compounds have been established by NMR spectroscopy. The @entity1 chains released from the oviducal mucins of the two species were similar and characterized by the common sequences @entity2 (beta 1-3)[Fuc(alpha 1-4)]GlcNAc(beta 1-6) and @entity2 (alpha 1-4)Gal(beta 1-4)Gal(beta 1-3) attached to @entity4 -ol (core 2). Nevertheless, some differences confirmed the strict species-specificity of amphibian oviducal @entity1 chains observed previously. On the one hand, the presence of beta Gal 1,4-linked to beta @entity2 in @entity8 , but not in @entity7 , can indicate that beta 4GalT: beta @entity2 and beta 4GalT: beta @entity3 are two distinct glycosyltransferases. On the other hand, @entity9 (Kdn) is present in @entity8 , and @entity5 ( @entity6 ) in @entity7 . Although the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of Kdn are not as well characterized, it can be suggested that at least one step of the biosynthetic pathway of NeuAc has been disrupted, leading the @entity8 oviducal NeuAc-9-synthase to use @entity0 -6-P as a substrate, instead of ManNAc-6-P.

title: Comparative study of @entity1 chains released from the oviducal mucins of the two very closely related amphibian species @entity8 and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The eggs of amphibians are surrounded by an extracellular matrix, termed jelly coat, which is mainly composed of hydrated mucin-type glycoproteins. These highly glycosylated molecules are synthesized by the oviduct and play an important role in the fertilization process. From a structural and chemical point of view, these oviducal mucins are very different from one species to another and they could be involved in the species-specificity of gamete interactions or could influence the parasite tropism. @entity8 and @entity7 are the two most closely related species within the genus, which hybridize readily in nature. Divergence occurred during geographic isolation estimated at 2-7 million years ago. The oviducal mucins of these species have been studied at the @entity1 level, and the primary structures of 28 compounds have been established by NMR spectroscopy. The @entity1 chains released from the oviducal mucins of the two species were similar and characterized by the common sequences @entity2 (beta 1-3)[Fuc(alpha 1-4)]GlcNAc(beta 1-6) and @entity2 (alpha 1-4)Gal(beta 1-4)Gal(beta 1-3) attached to @entity4 -ol (core 2). Nevertheless, some differences confirmed the strict species-specificity of amphibian oviducal @entity1 chains observed previously. On the one hand, the presence of beta Gal 1,4-linked to beta @entity2 in @entity8 , but not in @entity7 , can indicate that beta 4GalT: beta @entity2 and beta 4GalT: beta @entity3 are two distinct glycosyltransferases. On the other hand, @entity9 (Kdn) is present in @entity8 , and @entity5 ( @entity6 ) in @entity7 . Although the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of Kdn are not as well characterized, it can be suggested that at least one step of the biosynthetic pathway of NeuAc has been disrupted, leading the @entity8 oviducal NeuAc-9-synthase to use @entity0 -6-P as a substrate, instead of ManNAc-6-P.

title: Comparative study of XXXX chains released from the oviducal mucins of the two very closely related amphibian species @entity8 and @entity7 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Terminal sprouting, myofiber @entity1 , and fiber type changes were studied in soleus and distal gastrocnemius muscles of 21- and 26-mo-old @entity0 and in @entity0 who performed treadmill running from 21 to 26 mo. End-plate structure and muscle fiber types were demonstrated by staining for @entity2 and myosin ATPase activity. Terminal sprouting was expressed as the percentage of end plates with growth configurations. Fiber @entity1 was assessed as percentage of small-diameter fibers. In all three groups, the percentage of small-diameter fibers was significantly smaller and the percentage of growth configurations significantly larger in the soleus than in the gastrocnemius. The exercised-soleus group had a significantly higher percentage of growth configurations than the 26-mo controls, which had a higher percentage than the 21-mo controls. Percentages among gastrocnemius groups were not different. Fiber type was similar among gastrocnemius groups. However, the exercised-soleus had significantly more slow-twitch fibers than the controls. These data suggest that the soleus responds differently to chronic exercise during aging than does the gastrocnemius.

title: Effects of chronic exercise during aging on muscle and end-plate morphology in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: LESSONS LEARNED: @entity7 maintenance therapy after @entity4 induction chemotherapyis safe in @entity0 with @entity3 , although biochemical or @entity1 responses are rare;does not diminish quality of life; anddelays radiological and/or symptomatic progression by approximately 6 months. BACKGROUND: No standard therapy is available for @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) who have responded to @entity4 and do not yet have disease progression. Hence, we designed a single-arm phase II trial to explore whether the @entity6 inhibitor @entity7 can maintain the response to @entity4 without compromising quality of life. METHODS: After successful @entity4 induction (75 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks; 6-10 cycles), 21 @entity3 @entity0 underwent @entity7 maintenance treatment (25 mg weekly; 4 weeks per cycle). The primary endpoint was the time to treatment failure (TTTF) (i.e., radiological and/or symptomatic progression). The secondary endpoints included the @entity1 response rate (RECIST 1.0), safety (National @entity1 Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0), quality of life (Functional Assessment of @entity1 Therapy-Prostate [FACT-P]), @entity2 (Present @entity2 Intensity [PPI] scale), @entity5 (PSA) parameters, including time to PSA progression (TTPP) according to @entity3 Clinical Trials Working Group criteria, and serial enumeration of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (CEPs). RESULTS: @entity0 received a median of 7 cycles of @entity7 (range, 1-28), resulting in a median TTTF of 24.3 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.1-33.0), 1 partial @entity1 response (4.8%), 1 PSA response (4.8%), and a median TTPP of 12.2 weeks (95% CI, 7.8-23.9). Grade 3-4 adverse events were infrequent, and FACT-P and PPI scores remained stable during treatment. CECs did not predict clinical benefit, and CEPs were not consistently detectable. CONCLUSION: @entity7 maintenance therapy after successful @entity4 induction is feasible, does not adversely affect quality of life, and, in this exploratory single-arm phase II study, resulted in a median TTTF of 24.3 weeks.

title: XXXX Maintenance Therapy After @entity4 Induction in Castration-Resistant @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: LESSONS LEARNED: @entity7 maintenance therapy after @entity4 induction chemotherapyis safe in @entity0 with @entity3 , although biochemical or @entity1 responses are rare;does not diminish quality of life; anddelays radiological and/or symptomatic progression by approximately 6 months. BACKGROUND: No standard therapy is available for @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) who have responded to @entity4 and do not yet have disease progression. Hence, we designed a single-arm phase II trial to explore whether the @entity6 inhibitor @entity7 can maintain the response to @entity4 without compromising quality of life. METHODS: After successful @entity4 induction (75 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks; 6-10 cycles), 21 @entity3 @entity0 underwent @entity7 maintenance treatment (25 mg weekly; 4 weeks per cycle). The primary endpoint was the time to treatment failure (TTTF) (i.e., radiological and/or symptomatic progression). The secondary endpoints included the @entity1 response rate (RECIST 1.0), safety (National @entity1 Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0), quality of life (Functional Assessment of @entity1 Therapy-Prostate [FACT-P]), @entity2 (Present @entity2 Intensity [PPI] scale), @entity5 (PSA) parameters, including time to PSA progression (TTPP) according to @entity3 Clinical Trials Working Group criteria, and serial enumeration of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (CEPs). RESULTS: @entity0 received a median of 7 cycles of @entity7 (range, 1-28), resulting in a median TTTF of 24.3 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.1-33.0), 1 partial @entity1 response (4.8%), 1 PSA response (4.8%), and a median TTPP of 12.2 weeks (95% CI, 7.8-23.9). Grade 3-4 adverse events were infrequent, and FACT-P and PPI scores remained stable during treatment. CECs did not predict clinical benefit, and CEPs were not consistently detectable. CONCLUSION: @entity7 maintenance therapy after successful @entity4 induction is feasible, does not adversely affect quality of life, and, in this exploratory single-arm phase II study, resulted in a median TTTF of 24.3 weeks.

title: @entity7 Maintenance Therapy After @entity4 Induction in Castration-Resistant XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: LESSONS LEARNED: @entity7 maintenance therapy after @entity4 induction chemotherapyis safe in @entity0 with @entity3 , although biochemical or @entity1 responses are rare;does not diminish quality of life; anddelays radiological and/or symptomatic progression by approximately 6 months. BACKGROUND: No standard therapy is available for @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) who have responded to @entity4 and do not yet have disease progression. Hence, we designed a single-arm phase II trial to explore whether the @entity6 inhibitor @entity7 can maintain the response to @entity4 without compromising quality of life. METHODS: After successful @entity4 induction (75 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks; 6-10 cycles), 21 @entity3 @entity0 underwent @entity7 maintenance treatment (25 mg weekly; 4 weeks per cycle). The primary endpoint was the time to treatment failure (TTTF) (i.e., radiological and/or symptomatic progression). The secondary endpoints included the @entity1 response rate (RECIST 1.0), safety (National @entity1 Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0), quality of life (Functional Assessment of @entity1 Therapy-Prostate [FACT-P]), @entity2 (Present @entity2 Intensity [PPI] scale), @entity5 (PSA) parameters, including time to PSA progression (TTPP) according to @entity3 Clinical Trials Working Group criteria, and serial enumeration of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (CEPs). RESULTS: @entity0 received a median of 7 cycles of @entity7 (range, 1-28), resulting in a median TTTF of 24.3 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.1-33.0), 1 partial @entity1 response (4.8%), 1 PSA response (4.8%), and a median TTPP of 12.2 weeks (95% CI, 7.8-23.9). Grade 3-4 adverse events were infrequent, and FACT-P and PPI scores remained stable during treatment. CECs did not predict clinical benefit, and CEPs were not consistently detectable. CONCLUSION: @entity7 maintenance therapy after successful @entity4 induction is feasible, does not adversely affect quality of life, and, in this exploratory single-arm phase II study, resulted in a median TTTF of 24.3 weeks.

title: @entity7 Maintenance Therapy After XXXX Induction in Castration-Resistant @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Hr44 is a target antigen for cross-reactive antibodies to the Onchocerca volvulus antigen Ov39. This study was undertaken to determine the epitopes recognized by antibodies to hr44, including Ov39/hr44 cross-reacting antibodies, and to use these antibodies to determine the distribution of hr44 in normal and inflamed intraocular epithelia and @entity0 cell cultures. METHODS: Epitopes were identified with a peptide-based ELISA and competition ELISA. Immunostaining for hr44 and @entity2 was conducted on control and inflamed ocular tissues. Exosomes were isolated from @entity0 cell cultures and analyzed by Western blot and electron microscopy. RESULTS: Linear epitopes and the Ov39 cross-reactive epitope of hr44 were identified. Immunohistology indicated that hr44 is present in vesicular structures of the iris and ciliary body and is lost from the epithelial layers of inflamed eyes coincidentally with @entity2 . A 66-kDa variant of hr44 is present in exosomes purified from @entity0 cell culture supernatants. CONCLUSIONS: Because hr44 is a component of exosomes produced by @entity0 cells, the coincident loss of hr44 and @entity2 in inflamed epithelia indicates that exosomes may be released from intraocular epithelia in response to @entity1 . This notion suggests that exosomes shed by intraocular epithelial cells influence T-cell survival and antigen presentation in the eye without direct cell-cell contact and have a role in the maintenance of ocular immune privilege.

title: Hr44 secreted with exosomes: loss from ciliary epithelium in response to XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Control of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity8 improves mortality and slows progression to @entity4 . However, blood pressure is difficult to treat; multiple drug combination therapy is required and treatment algorithms to establish this are lacking. We used a stepped-care algorithm, centered on maximum doses of an @entity7 inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker, to treat @entity2 according to American @entity1 Association recommended blood pressure target goals (<130/80 mmHg) in @entity0 with @entity8 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We treated 49 consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 (13 with @entity3 1 and 36 with @entity3 2), @entity8 , and @entity5 > or =500 mg/24 h with a stepped-care blood pressure treatment algorithm. The level of blood pressure control achieved at most recent follow-up was assessed. RESULTS: @entity0 were followed for a median of 18 months (range 9-48). Mean blood pressure achieved was 140/75 +/- 23/14 mmHg in @entity0 with @entity3 1 @entity1 and 146/76 +/- 22/14 mmHg in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 . Target blood pressure was reached in 16 (33%) @entity0 , 6 of 13 @entity0 with @entity3 1 @entity1 and 10 of 36 @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 , whereas systolic blood pressure remained above the target level in the remaining @entity0 . There was no difference in baseline blood pressure, @entity5 , or serum @entity6 level between @entity0 who were treated to target and those who were not. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of blood pressure control similar to those achieved in clinical trials in @entity8 were obtained with a stepped-care algorithm. However, in most @entity0 , systolic blood pressure was difficult to control to target despite the use of multiple drug combination therapy.

title: Treating XXXX in @entity8 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Control of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity8 improves mortality and slows progression to @entity4 . However, blood pressure is difficult to treat; multiple drug combination therapy is required and treatment algorithms to establish this are lacking. We used a stepped-care algorithm, centered on maximum doses of an @entity7 inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker, to treat @entity2 according to American @entity1 Association recommended blood pressure target goals (<130/80 mmHg) in @entity0 with @entity8 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We treated 49 consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 (13 with @entity3 1 and 36 with @entity3 2), @entity8 , and @entity5 > or =500 mg/24 h with a stepped-care blood pressure treatment algorithm. The level of blood pressure control achieved at most recent follow-up was assessed. RESULTS: @entity0 were followed for a median of 18 months (range 9-48). Mean blood pressure achieved was 140/75 +/- 23/14 mmHg in @entity0 with @entity3 1 @entity1 and 146/76 +/- 22/14 mmHg in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 . Target blood pressure was reached in 16 (33%) @entity0 , 6 of 13 @entity0 with @entity3 1 @entity1 and 10 of 36 @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 , whereas systolic blood pressure remained above the target level in the remaining @entity0 . There was no difference in baseline blood pressure, @entity5 , or serum @entity6 level between @entity0 who were treated to target and those who were not. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of blood pressure control similar to those achieved in clinical trials in @entity8 were obtained with a stepped-care algorithm. However, in most @entity0 , systolic blood pressure was difficult to control to target despite the use of multiple drug combination therapy.

title: Treating @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The differentiation of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) from regional ventilatory abnormalities accompanied by reduced perfusion requires contemporary perfusion and ventilation studies. Distinguishing these conditions in ventilator-dependent @entity0 is aided by administering a Tc-99m aerosol to characterize regional ventilation, and by performing a conventional Tc-99m MAA perfusion study. The technique uses a simple "in-house" constructed apparatus. Simple photographic techniques suffice, but computer subtraction of perfusion from the combined perfusion-ventilation image renders interpretation easier if aerosol administration follows perfusion imaging. @entity1 can be examined in a single study. Excluding normal or near-normal perfusion studies, @entity2 was thought to be present in eight of 16 @entity0 after perfusion imaging alone, but in only one of eight after added aerosol imaging. Angiography confirmed the diagnosis in that @entity0 . Of the eight @entity0 who had abnormal perfusion but were thought unlikely to have @entity2 from the perfusion study alone, two had normal ventilation, and subsequently were shown to have @entity2 by angiography. Because angiography was only performed on @entity0 who were thought to have a high probability of @entity2 on sequential perfusion-ventilation imaging, the true incidence of @entity2 may have been higher. Aerosol ventilation imaging is a useful adjunct to perfusion imaging in @entity0 on ventilators. It requires an efficient delivery system, particularly if aerosol administration follows perfusion imaging, as it does in this study. The major disadvantage of aerosol imaging compared to a gas in intubated @entity0 is the significant bronchial deposition due to retained mucus secretions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Radioaerosol ventilation imaging in ventilator-dependent XXXX . Technical considerations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In sedentary individuals, postexercise @entity1 following a single bout of aerobic exercise is due to an unexplained peripheral vasodilatation. We tested the hypothesis that alpha-adrenergic responsiveness in the forearm and leg vasculatures is blunted during postexercise @entity1 . We studied 12 @entity0 and two @entity0 before and 30 min after a 60 min bout of cycling at 60 % VO2,peak. In the first five subjects, arterial pressure (brachial artery catheter) and forearm blood flow (plethysmography) were measured and vascular conductance was calculated during intraarterial infusions of the @entity4 -agonist @entity3 and the alpha2-agonist @entity2 . Exercise reduced mean arterial pressure (89 +/- 2 vs. 95 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.05) and increased forearm vascular conductance 77 +/- 33 % (P < 0.05). Despite these changes in baseline vascular conductance, vasoconstrictor responses in the forearm to @entity3 and @entity2 were similar (or enhanced) postexercise vs. preexercise. In the remaining nine subjects, arterial pressure (femoral artery catheter) and leg blood flow (Doppler ultrasound of the femoral artery) were measured and vascular conductance was calculated during intraarterial infusions of @entity3 and @entity2 . Exercise reduced mean arterial pressure (80 +/- 2 vs. 89 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.05) and increased leg vascular conductance 94 +/- 16 % (P < 0.05). Despite these changes in baseline vascular conductance, vasoconstrictor responses in the leg to @entity3 and @entity2 were similar (or enhanced) postexercise vs. preexercise. These results suggest that vascular responsiveness to alpha-adrenergic agonists is maintained during postexercise @entity1 in @entity0 . Thus, while postexercise @entity1 is associated with increased vascular conductance in the forearm and leg, it does not appear that blunting of alpha-adrenergic responsiveness is the cause.

title: Alpha-adrenergic vascular responsiveness during postexercise XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In sedentary individuals, postexercise @entity1 following a single bout of aerobic exercise is due to an unexplained peripheral vasodilatation. We tested the hypothesis that alpha-adrenergic responsiveness in the forearm and leg vasculatures is blunted during postexercise @entity1 . We studied 12 @entity0 and two @entity0 before and 30 min after a 60 min bout of cycling at 60 % VO2,peak. In the first five subjects, arterial pressure (brachial artery catheter) and forearm blood flow (plethysmography) were measured and vascular conductance was calculated during intraarterial infusions of the @entity4 -agonist @entity3 and the alpha2-agonist @entity2 . Exercise reduced mean arterial pressure (89 +/- 2 vs. 95 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.05) and increased forearm vascular conductance 77 +/- 33 % (P < 0.05). Despite these changes in baseline vascular conductance, vasoconstrictor responses in the forearm to @entity3 and @entity2 were similar (or enhanced) postexercise vs. preexercise. In the remaining nine subjects, arterial pressure (femoral artery catheter) and leg blood flow (Doppler ultrasound of the femoral artery) were measured and vascular conductance was calculated during intraarterial infusions of @entity3 and @entity2 . Exercise reduced mean arterial pressure (80 +/- 2 vs. 89 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.05) and increased leg vascular conductance 94 +/- 16 % (P < 0.05). Despite these changes in baseline vascular conductance, vasoconstrictor responses in the leg to @entity3 and @entity2 were similar (or enhanced) postexercise vs. preexercise. These results suggest that vascular responsiveness to alpha-adrenergic agonists is maintained during postexercise @entity1 in @entity0 . Thus, while postexercise @entity1 is associated with increased vascular conductance in the forearm and leg, it does not appear that blunting of alpha-adrenergic responsiveness is the cause.

title: Alpha-adrenergic vascular responsiveness during postexercise @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have reported earlier the purification of tubulin from a plasmalemmal-microsomal fraction derived from @entity0 hippocampus using an @entity1 (E(2)) affinity column and the specific binding of tubulin to both E(2) and @entity3 (T). To further investigate the effect of E(2) and T on the function of this protein, changes in microtubule polymerization as a result of exposure to the @entity2 were examined in this study, using both pure tubulin and @entity0 hippocampal primary cell cultures. First, pure tubulin was incubated with or without @entity2 for 30 min on ice followed by polymerization at 37 degrees C. The numbers of microtubules formed were counted from electron microscopic pictures. The results showed that at 30 min of polymerization, 10 nM, 30 nM and 30 microM of E(2) inhibited microtubule assembly by -70%, -94%, and -92%, respectively (p < 0.01), while T at the same three concentrations stimulated it by +83%, +66%, and +121%, respectively (p < 0.05). The inhibitory effect of E(2) and the stimulatory effect of T were observed at 15, 30 and 60 min of the polymerization process. Next, primary cell cultures from 17-day @entity0 fetus hippocampal tissues were treated with the @entity2 and polymerized microtubules (Triton X-100 resistant) were examined by immunocytochemistry. The results demonstrated that 60 min of E(2) treatment (10 nM) decreased the intensity of the immunolabeling of polymerized microtubules. The effect of T at nM concentration was not significant though it increased the immunolabeling at microM concentration. Of great significance was a remarkable inhibition by T of the well-established depolymerization effect of @entity4 in both the pure tubulin assay and the cell culture model, while E(2) was not effective. In an effort to pursue the possible mechanism(s) of the effect of E(2) and T on microtubule formation, we found that T only inhibited the microtubule depolymerization process without affecting the rate of polymerization. In contrast, E(2) modifies only the polymerization process without altering the depolymerization. Overall, these data indicate that E(2) and T may be considered as novel regulators of microtubule dynamics and thereby controlling cytoskeleton function in cells.

title: @entity1 and XXXX have opposite effects on microtubule polymerization.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have reported earlier the purification of tubulin from a plasmalemmal-microsomal fraction derived from @entity0 hippocampus using an @entity1 (E(2)) affinity column and the specific binding of tubulin to both E(2) and @entity3 (T). To further investigate the effect of E(2) and T on the function of this protein, changes in microtubule polymerization as a result of exposure to the @entity2 were examined in this study, using both pure tubulin and @entity0 hippocampal primary cell cultures. First, pure tubulin was incubated with or without @entity2 for 30 min on ice followed by polymerization at 37 degrees C. The numbers of microtubules formed were counted from electron microscopic pictures. The results showed that at 30 min of polymerization, 10 nM, 30 nM and 30 microM of E(2) inhibited microtubule assembly by -70%, -94%, and -92%, respectively (p < 0.01), while T at the same three concentrations stimulated it by +83%, +66%, and +121%, respectively (p < 0.05). The inhibitory effect of E(2) and the stimulatory effect of T were observed at 15, 30 and 60 min of the polymerization process. Next, primary cell cultures from 17-day @entity0 fetus hippocampal tissues were treated with the @entity2 and polymerized microtubules (Triton X-100 resistant) were examined by immunocytochemistry. The results demonstrated that 60 min of E(2) treatment (10 nM) decreased the intensity of the immunolabeling of polymerized microtubules. The effect of T at nM concentration was not significant though it increased the immunolabeling at microM concentration. Of great significance was a remarkable inhibition by T of the well-established depolymerization effect of @entity4 in both the pure tubulin assay and the cell culture model, while E(2) was not effective. In an effort to pursue the possible mechanism(s) of the effect of E(2) and T on microtubule formation, we found that T only inhibited the microtubule depolymerization process without affecting the rate of polymerization. In contrast, E(2) modifies only the polymerization process without altering the depolymerization. Overall, these data indicate that E(2) and T may be considered as novel regulators of microtubule dynamics and thereby controlling cytoskeleton function in cells.

title: XXXX and @entity3 have opposite effects on microtubule polymerization.

answer: @entity1


abstract: There are few data on the relationships between age and @entity2 , except for the @entity4 . In clinical practice, the most frequent @entity2 is the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). It is well-known, that the prevalence of @entity3 increases with age from 2 to 4% before 70 years up to 9 to 15% in @entity0 older than 80 years. However, it is unknown if the increased prevalence of @entity3 is related to the increase of the @entity1 , noted in the elderly, or to atrial electrophysiological changes. Probably, the incidence and mechanism of @entity2 do not differ between adults and elderly @entity0 when the other clinical data are similar. @entity2 in elderly @entity0 represent most of the urgencies, consultations or hospitalizations. They could become more and more frequent because we now know that the management of most of these elderly @entity0 should be identical to that of younger @entity0 . However, the treatment frequently is difficult. The difficulties in elderly @entity0 are due to the associated non-cardiac and @entity1 which are more frequent than in adults. Therefore, the quality of management should be particularly careful in elderly @entity0 .

title: Age-related changes in XXXX and electrophysiologic properties.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The neuroleptics are currently the primary mode of treatment for @entity1 . Unfortunately, the study of the behavioral effects of these drugs has been hampered by inadequate methodology. Researchers have lacked means sensitive enough to detect the neuroleptic's spontaneous behavioral effects at low doses. Consequently, most previous studies have measured the ability of these drugs to block the effects of various @entity2 agonists. In an attempt to remedy this, the present study employed one of the recently developed automated animal activity monitors. This system was used to measure the spontaneous nocturnal behavioral effects of the neuroleptic @entity3 (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) on 12 male @entity0 . The behavioral effects of @entity4 (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) were also studied in order to compare the effects of central and peripheral @entity2 antagonism. The results showed that @entity3 depressed all aspects of behavior studied--even at the lowest dose--while @entity4 depressed only average speed. These results suggest that all of the locomotor variables studied, save average speed, are centrally mediated. Average speed, though influenced by central mechanisms, seems primarily a peripheral function.

title: The topography of the locomotor effects of @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The neuroleptics are currently the primary mode of treatment for @entity1 . Unfortunately, the study of the behavioral effects of these drugs has been hampered by inadequate methodology. Researchers have lacked means sensitive enough to detect the neuroleptic's spontaneous behavioral effects at low doses. Consequently, most previous studies have measured the ability of these drugs to block the effects of various @entity2 agonists. In an attempt to remedy this, the present study employed one of the recently developed automated animal activity monitors. This system was used to measure the spontaneous nocturnal behavioral effects of the neuroleptic @entity3 (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) on 12 male @entity0 . The behavioral effects of @entity4 (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) were also studied in order to compare the effects of central and peripheral @entity2 antagonism. The results showed that @entity3 depressed all aspects of behavior studied--even at the lowest dose--while @entity4 depressed only average speed. These results suggest that all of the locomotor variables studied, save average speed, are centrally mediated. Average speed, though influenced by central mechanisms, seems primarily a peripheral function.

title: The topography of the locomotor effects of XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) signal transduction system has been reported to play a role in prostate tumorigenesis and the regulation of cell cycle-related gene expression including the cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks), and Cdk inhibitors. The objective of this investigation was to examine the expression of @entity4 and five cell cycle-related genes- @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity2 (( @entity2 ), @entity5 , and cyclin E-in three @entity0 cell lines and normal prostate by quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)/polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression of the @entity4 was reduced by 5.5- and 2.2-fold in the LNCaP and DU145 cells, respectively, compared with normal prostate tissue. A similar decrease was observed for the @entity3 receptor I transcript in the LNCaP cells. In addition, 20-fold less of the @entity3 inducible @entity7 (inkb) transcript was produced by the LNCaP and DU145 cell lines compared with the PC-3 cell line. The @entity2 (( @entity2 ) transcript, although present, was only 6% of normal in the DU145 and PC-3 cell lines. Furthermore, the steady state levels of @entity2 (( @entity2 ) mRNA significantly increased within 15 minutes after the addition of exogenous @entity3 to PC-3 cells. Likewise, addition of @entity3 antibodies to the PC-3 cells significantly reduced @entity2 (( @entity2 ) transcript levels to less than 2% of normal. This suggests that @entity2 (( @entity2 ) expression in PC-3 cells is related not only to @entity1 induction but may function through alternative pathways including @entity3 . We conclude that the expression of specific cell cycle-related genes may be entirely or partially regulated by alterations in @entity3 pathway and may play a @entity0 development.

title: Steady state expression of cell-cycle regulatory genes in XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In contrast to specific shoulder girdle processes tuberculoses of the shoulder joint are observed relatively frequently. From 1955 up to and including 1980, 50 @entity0 with omarthritis tuberculosa were surgically treated at the authors' clinic. Thirty were male, 20 female, 42 were Germans, 8 immigrant workers. Arthrodeses were performed in 28 cases, removal of bone or soft-tissue foci, or a combination of these, in 22. The left joint was affected in 26 cases (52%) and the right in 24 (48%). The youngest @entity0 was 9, the oldest 78 years of age (average age 42.6 years). The time from the onset of complaints to diagnosis was about 1.6 years. Twenty-eight @entity0 (56%) had previously had treatment for @entity1 and 9 (18%) also had @entity1 localized elsewhere. Even though there were clear radiological changes in all cases, abscesses and fistulae or a combination of these in 27 cases (54%), the 1-hour ESR was normal or only slightly elevated (under 20 mm acc. to W.) in 29 @entity0 (58%). The recurrences which occurred immediately after surgery or in the subsequent course of the disease healed without sequelae after secondary interventions. While they prolonged hospitalization they did not influence the result of surgery. Of the 38 (76%) @entity0 who were followed up on average 3 years after the end of inpatient treatment, 30 (79%) had returned to work on average 1.1 year after being discharged from the hospital. Three had meanwhile been retrained for lighter work. In the discussion the etiology and pathogenesis, incidence, side localization, age and sex distribution, complaints, clinical and radiological findings, diagnosis, therapy, prognosis, and differential diagnosis of @entity2 are reported on with reference to the relevant literature.

title: [ XXXX of the shoulder joint].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Permanent @entity1 due to an increase in volume of the orbital contents may be the result of the failure of conservative therapeutic concepts in the treatment of @entity6 . Considerable progress has been achieved in developing successful orbital decompression techniques with regard to functional and cosmetic outcome. Decompression techniques with resection of the bony orbital walls are adequate tools in restoring visual acuity and reducing exophthalmus. A considerable degree of @entity4 has been described in the literature depending on the techniques being used. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a modified technique of 3-wall orbital decompression with preservation of a medial part of the periorbital tissue to support the medial rectus muscle, is able to reduce the postoperative risk of @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A modified technique of orbital 3-wall decompression with resection of the medial orbital wall, the medial orbital floor and the floor of the frontal sinus has been used in @entity0 with @entity5 (n = 20) and for cosmetic reasons (n = 7) in cases of uni- or bilateral proptosis. Analysis of the results was performed concerning visual outcome, @entity2 and development of horizontal and vertical motility changes. RESULTS: In all cases of @entity5 improvement of visual function at an average of 4.63 +/- 4.5 lines could be achieved. @entity2 was 3.2 +/- 2.4 mm in the functional group and 3.9 +/- 1.7 mm in the rehabilitative group. In this group motility of the medial rectus muscle remained unaffected except in one eye. In the functional group motility deterioration was observed in 62 %. CONCLUSION: The modified 3-wall decompression technique with preservation of a medial periorbital tissue strip is an adequate alternative technique in the therapy of @entity5 and exophthalmus @entity6 with a low risk of @entity4 .

title: [Development of XXXX following modified 3-wall decompression of the orbita in @entity6 for functional and rehabilitative indication].

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Permanent @entity1 due to an increase in volume of the orbital contents may be the result of the failure of conservative therapeutic concepts in the treatment of @entity6 . Considerable progress has been achieved in developing successful orbital decompression techniques with regard to functional and cosmetic outcome. Decompression techniques with resection of the bony orbital walls are adequate tools in restoring visual acuity and reducing exophthalmus. A considerable degree of @entity4 has been described in the literature depending on the techniques being used. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a modified technique of 3-wall orbital decompression with preservation of a medial part of the periorbital tissue to support the medial rectus muscle, is able to reduce the postoperative risk of @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A modified technique of orbital 3-wall decompression with resection of the medial orbital wall, the medial orbital floor and the floor of the frontal sinus has been used in @entity0 with @entity5 (n = 20) and for cosmetic reasons (n = 7) in cases of uni- or bilateral proptosis. Analysis of the results was performed concerning visual outcome, @entity2 and development of horizontal and vertical motility changes. RESULTS: In all cases of @entity5 improvement of visual function at an average of 4.63 +/- 4.5 lines could be achieved. @entity2 was 3.2 +/- 2.4 mm in the functional group and 3.9 +/- 1.7 mm in the rehabilitative group. In this group motility of the medial rectus muscle remained unaffected except in one eye. In the functional group motility deterioration was observed in 62 %. CONCLUSION: The modified 3-wall decompression technique with preservation of a medial periorbital tissue strip is an adequate alternative technique in the therapy of @entity5 and exophthalmus @entity6 with a low risk of @entity4 .

title: [Development of @entity4 following modified 3-wall decompression of the orbita in XXXX for functional and rehabilitative indication].

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the regional blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal response to rapid changes in arterial @entity0 tension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Functional MR imaging (fMRI) was carried out in five male @entity1 anesthetized with @entity4 Pentobarbital. @entity1 were subjected to different durations of @entity2 as a rapid, graded, and reversible @entity3 -hypercapnic stimulus. Dynamics of the BOLD signal response were studied on a pixel-by-pixel basis in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, third ventricle, and thalamus in the @entity1 brain. RESULTS: @entity2 induced a BOLD signal drop in all the brain regions studied, the magnitude of which increased with longer durations of the stimulus. The signal recovered to preapnic baseline levels after resumption of normal ventilation. Regional variation in the BOLD signal dynamics was observed with the magnitude of the BOLD signal change in the hippocampus being the least, followed by a relatively larger change in the thalamus, cerebral cortex, and third ventricle. The time (t(0)) for the signal change after the onset of the stimulus was estimated for every pixel. Time delay maps generated show the highest onset time values in the hippocampus followed by the thalamus, cerebral cortex, and third ventricle. CONCLUSION: The regional dynamics of the BOLD signal in the brain in response to @entity2 may vary depending on the rate of @entity0 metabolism in addition to cerebral blood flow (CBF).

title: Regional dynamics of the fMRI-BOLD signal response to XXXX -hypercapnia in the @entity1 brain.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the regional blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal response to rapid changes in arterial @entity0 tension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Functional MR imaging (fMRI) was carried out in five male @entity1 anesthetized with @entity4 Pentobarbital. @entity1 were subjected to different durations of @entity2 as a rapid, graded, and reversible @entity3 -hypercapnic stimulus. Dynamics of the BOLD signal response were studied on a pixel-by-pixel basis in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, third ventricle, and thalamus in the @entity1 brain. RESULTS: @entity2 induced a BOLD signal drop in all the brain regions studied, the magnitude of which increased with longer durations of the stimulus. The signal recovered to preapnic baseline levels after resumption of normal ventilation. Regional variation in the BOLD signal dynamics was observed with the magnitude of the BOLD signal change in the hippocampus being the least, followed by a relatively larger change in the thalamus, cerebral cortex, and third ventricle. The time (t(0)) for the signal change after the onset of the stimulus was estimated for every pixel. Time delay maps generated show the highest onset time values in the hippocampus followed by the thalamus, cerebral cortex, and third ventricle. CONCLUSION: The regional dynamics of the BOLD signal in the brain in response to @entity2 may vary depending on the rate of @entity0 metabolism in addition to cerebral blood flow (CBF).

title: Regional dynamics of the fMRI-BOLD signal response to @entity3 -hypercapnia in the XXXX brain.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined socioeconomic and ethnic differences in use of lipid-lowering drugs after deregulation of @entity3 in the UK for adults with moderate or high risk of @entity1 . METHODS: 3631 @entity0 in the @entity2 (mean age 62.7 years, 91% white) were informed of their risk of @entity1 , based on Framingham score, before deregulation (2002-2004). The use of prescribed lipid-lowering drugs and use of over-the-counter @entity3 were analysed as outcome variables, after deregulation (2005-2007). RESULTS: 2451 @entity0 were at high risk and 1180 at moderate risk. 20% moderate-risk and 44% high-risk @entity0 reported using prescribed lipid-lowering drugs although no over-the-counter @entity3 was used. Prescribing rates did not differ between employment grades (an index of socioeconomic position), but was higher among South Asian high-risk compared with White high-risk @entity0 (odds ratio 1.64, 95% CI 1.21-2.23). Of the high-risk @entity0 , 44% recalled their increased @entity1 risk. South Asian high-risk @entity0 were less likely to recall than White high-risk @entity0 (odds ratio 0.65, 95% CI 0.46-0.93). Furthermore, high risk @entity0 with middle (odds ratio 0.74, 95% CI 0.61-0.89) and low (odds ratio 0.52, 95% CI 0.37-0.74) employment grades were less likely to recall than those with high grades. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic and ethnic differences in reported use of lipid-lowering drugs were small, but the use of these drugs in general was much lower than recommended and the @entity0 did not utilise over-the-counter statins. Ethnic minorities and lower socioeconomic position groups were less likely to be aware of their increased coronary risk.

title: Socioeconomic and ethnic differences in use of lipid-lowering drugs after deregulation of XXXX in the UK: the Whitehall II prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Inquiries were sent to practising Austrian anesthesiologists to ascertain their premedication-prescribing habits and their assessment of premedicants that they received as @entity0 . The 143 replies received showed @entity4 / @entity3 (M/P) as most used n = 83 and received (n = 54) drug (combination), followed by @entity2 / @entity5 (F/D) n = 33 (n = 21), @entity1 (BZ) n = 17 (n = 10) and several other drugs (combinations) n = 10 (n = 14). There was no significant difference in the premedication habits of the 82 anesthesiologists who had received premedication and those (61) who had no personal experience with premedicants. The former judged M/P to be significantly superior to F/D and other schemes; however there was no significant difference from the judgement of the BZ. Unpleasant side effects have been described in 9% of M/P, 10% of BZ, 24% of F/D and 21% of other premedicants. On future occasions 10% of BZ-, 13% of the M/P-, 24% F/D- and 21%-receivers of other combinations would reject the same drug. Seven F/D and five M/P users converted their prescription schemes after they had received the same drug for their own premedication. The prescription habits were not influenced by dependency on departmental or hospital orders. Of those who had received it 75% desired premedication and 25% accepted premedication, suggesting that anesthesiologists believe in the positive effects of premedication. However, the overall incidence of 10% unpleasant side effects, even in the better ranked drugs, shows that the available premedicants do not yet seem to be satisfactory.

title: Premedication administered to anesthesiologists as XXXX : their evaluations of its effect and its influence on premedication prescribing habits.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complete @entity2 is a significant clinical problem that can limit the quality of life in affected @entity0 . To understand the pathophysiology of this condition and provide for development of novel therapies, we sought to establish a large animal model of permanent, pacemaker-dependent @entity3 ( @entity3 ) that mimics the size and growth characteristics of pediatric @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We utilized nine immature @entity4 weighing 10.5    1.4 kg. After implantation of dual-chamber pacemaker devices with fixed leads, @entity3 was produced by interrupting His-bundle conduction using radio-frequency ablation at the base of the non-coronary cusp of the aortic valve. Ablations (30 to 60 s in duration) were performed under fluoroscopic guidance with electrophysiological monitoring. Interrogation of pacemakers and electrocardiography (ECG) determined the persistence of @entity2 . Ovine hearts were also examined immunohistochemically for localization of conduction tissue. RESULTS: @entity3 was produced in eight animals using an atypical approach from the left side of the heart. One animal died due to @entity5 during ablation proximal to the tricuspid annulus and one lamb was sacrificed postoperatively due to @entity1 . Four @entity4 were kept for long-term follow-up (109.8    32.9 d) and required continuous ventricular pacing attributable to lasting @entity3 , despite significant increases in body weight and size. CONCLUSIONS: We have created a large animal model of @entity2 that is stable and technically practicable. We anticipate that this lamb model will allow for advancement of cell-based and other innovative treatments to repair complete @entity2 in @entity0 .

title: Development of an ovine model of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine whether a @entity6 derivative (C-18) with previously reported anti-angiogenic properties limits @entity5 ( @entity5 ) formation in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity5 was generated by intrapleural injection of @entity1 @entity3 cells in C57BL/6 @entity1 . Animals were divided into three groups, a control group and two treatment groups receiving intraperitoneally a daily dose of either 1 mg or 2 mg of C-18 for a total of 12 doses. @entity1 were sacrificed on day 14. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pleural fluid volume and the number of @entity0 implantations were measured. @entity0 angiogenesis, @entity4 and the host @entity2 response were also assessed. C-18 significantly limited pleural fluid formation and inhibited @entity0 . The mean  SEM pleural fluid volume was 758  63  l for the control group, compared to 492  120  l (p=0.042) and 279  77  l (p<0.001) for the low dose and high dose group of C-18, respectively. Control group animals had 6.2  1 @entity0 , while C-18 treated animals had 3.1  0.8 (p=0.014) and 3  0.7 (p=0.009) for the low and high dose respectively. In addition C-18 significantly suppressed @entity4 . No significant difference in @entity0 angiogenesis and @entity2 response was observed, while there was also no measurable effect in @entity0 cell apoptosis and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: C-18 halted experimental @entity5 formation and @entity0 , through down-regulation of @entity4 .

title: A sulindac analogue is effective against XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine whether a @entity6 derivative (C-18) with previously reported anti-angiogenic properties limits @entity5 ( @entity5 ) formation in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity5 was generated by intrapleural injection of @entity1 @entity3 cells in C57BL/6 @entity1 . Animals were divided into three groups, a control group and two treatment groups receiving intraperitoneally a daily dose of either 1 mg or 2 mg of C-18 for a total of 12 doses. @entity1 were sacrificed on day 14. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pleural fluid volume and the number of @entity0 implantations were measured. @entity0 angiogenesis, @entity4 and the host @entity2 response were also assessed. C-18 significantly limited pleural fluid formation and inhibited @entity0 . The mean  SEM pleural fluid volume was 758  63  l for the control group, compared to 492  120  l (p=0.042) and 279  77  l (p<0.001) for the low dose and high dose group of C-18, respectively. Control group animals had 6.2  1 @entity0 , while C-18 treated animals had 3.1  0.8 (p=0.014) and 3  0.7 (p=0.009) for the low and high dose respectively. In addition C-18 significantly suppressed @entity4 . No significant difference in @entity0 angiogenesis and @entity2 response was observed, while there was also no measurable effect in @entity0 cell apoptosis and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: C-18 halted experimental @entity5 formation and @entity0 , through down-regulation of @entity4 .

title: A sulindac analogue is effective against @entity5 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are limited data describing the epidemiology of adult-onset @entity1 in the United States. Although the military is not proportionately comparable in all demographic characteristics to the civilian population, it is drawn from all racial/ethnic subgroups, and members range in age from 17 to >60 years. We describe the incidence of hospitalization for new onset @entity1 among military members by sex, race, and age. METHODS: Using military inpatient data, we evaluated patterns of initial hospitalizations for @entity1 among military personnel for 2000-2009, focusing on sex, race, and age. No individual-level data were available. RESULTS: From 2000-2009, 1976 military personnel had a first @entity1 hospitalization, with an overall incidence rate of 0.14/1000 @entity0 -years. There were no consistent changes in rates over time. While overall incidence rates were similar for @entity0 and @entity0 (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.10), rates were higher among @entity0 than @entity0 below age 25; after 25-30 rates were higher among @entity0 . Incidence was higher among blacks and other racial groups, with IRR=2.0 and 1.3, respectively. CONCLUSION: Medical screening of military applicants prevents @entity0 with overt or a reported history of @entity2 , and most with serious behavior problems, from enlisting; therefore, first hospitalization is likely to reflect new illness. No pre-military socioeconomic data were available, however, essentially all study subjects were high school graduates; unmeasured differences in socioeconomic status were unlikely to explain the observed results. This report may provide lower bound estimates of the @entity1 incidence in the United States.

title: Incidence of adult onset XXXX in the US military: patterns by sex, race and age.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate if perioperative chest physiotherapy modifies the risk of @entity2 after lobectomy for @entity1 . METHODS: We have reviewed a prospectively recorded database of 784 @entity1 @entity0 treated by scheduled lobectomy (361 operated after implementing a new physiotherapy program). No other changes were introduced in the @entity0 ' perioperative management during the study period. A propensity matching score was generated for all eligible @entity0 and two logistic models were constructed and adjusted. The first one (model A) included age of the @entity0 , forced expiratory volume in 1s (percent) (FEV1%) and predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1s (percent) (ppoFEV1%); for the second model (model B); chest physiotherapy was added to the previous ones. Using each model, @entity0 ' individual probability of postoperative complication was calculated and maintained in the database as a new variable (risk A and risk B). Individual risks calculated by both models were plotted on a time series and presented in two different graphs. RESULTS: Rates of @entity2 were 15.5% before the intensive physiotherapy program and 4.7% for @entity0 included in the implemented program (p = 0.000). The propensity score identified 359 pairs of @entity0 . Model A included age (p = 0.012), FEV1% (p = 0.000), and ppoFEV1% (p = 0.031) as prognostic variables. Model B included age (p = 0.012), FEV1% (p = 0.000), and physiotherapy (p = 0.000). On graphic representation, a great decrease of the estimated risk could be seen after the onset of the physiotherapy program. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a program of perioperative intensive chest physiotherapy reduced the overall @entity2 after lobectomy for @entity1 .

title: Chest physiotherapy revisited: evaluation of its influence on the XXXX after pulmonary resection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study investigated the effects of various stocking densities on the health status (stress and immune responses) of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Juvenile @entity3 were acclimated, placed in circular tanks under stocking densities of 10, 40 and 80  kg  m(-3) and reared for 30 days. The relative expression of genes involved in stress and immunity such as @entity6 , LyzII, TNF-1a, @entity4 , @entity5 and IFN-y1 in the head kidney was determined. Serum @entity0 , ACTH, total antioxidant capacity, osmolality and @entity1 were measured after 30 days of culture at different stocking densities (D1:10  kg  m(-3), D2: 40  kg  m(-3) and D3: 80  kg  m(-3)) as indices of stress responses. In addition, the effects of stocking densities on serum complement, bactericidal activity, agglutinating antibody titers, serum IgM, anti-protease activity, serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase of the fish were measured. @entity6 gene expression was significantly density-dependent upregulated in D2 and D3 densities compared to D1 (P  <  0.05). Also, there was significant downregulation in expression of LyzII, TNF-1a, @entity4 , @entity5 and IFN-y1 in fish reared at density of either D2 or D3 (P  <  0.05). In terms of stress responses, serum ACTH, @entity0 and @entity1 level showed significant density-dependent increase (P  <  0.05) while serum osmolality and total antioxidant capacity showed significant decline (P  <  0.05) in fish reared at higher densities (D2 and D3) compared to fish reared at lower density (D1) (P  <  0.05). Concordant with the expression of the immune-related genes, the serum complement and bactericidal activity as well as specific antibody titer against @entity2 , IgM and anti-protease activity decreased along with elevation of stocking density from D1 to D3 (P  <  0.05). However, different stocking densities had no significant effect on serum total protein level and alkaline phosphatase activity. These results suggested that elevation of stocking densities and crowding resulted in the increase in @entity6 gene expression and the levels of selected stress responses in the serum. However, there was down-regulation of immune genes expression and decreased innate immune responses in the fish. The mRNA expression of the genes and immune parameters that were measured in this study could be helpful in monitoring the health status and welfare of the fish in aquaculture systems particularly in relation to increased stocking densities.

title: Increased stocking density causes changes in expression of selected stress- and immune-related genes, humoral innate immune parameters and stress responses of XXXX ( @entity3 ).

answer: @entity3