abstract: A 35-year old @entity0 was hospitalized for left @entity3 . IVP showed @entity2 with @entity4 . Selective renal arteriogram revealed avascular mass in the left upper pole. The upper calyx was irregularly distorted. Left nephrectomy was carried out. Grossly, the upper pole was replaced by whitish, firm and homogeneous @entity1 , which was 7 X 7 cm in diameter and protruded into the upper calyx. Histologically, the @entity1 was composed of both epithelial and mesenchymal components. The epithelial elements consisted of cysts and tubules, and the mesenchymal elements of loosely textured fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Other elements could not be identified. This case was diagnosed as @entity5 histologically resembling @entity6 of infancy. @entity6 is rare in adults. Continued maturation may finally transform it either to benign mixed @entity1 as in our case or @entity1 if stroma matures dominantly.

title: [A case of XXXX resembling @entity6 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A 35-year old @entity0 was hospitalized for left @entity3 . IVP showed @entity2 with @entity4 . Selective renal arteriogram revealed avascular mass in the left upper pole. The upper calyx was irregularly distorted. Left nephrectomy was carried out. Grossly, the upper pole was replaced by whitish, firm and homogeneous @entity1 , which was 7 X 7 cm in diameter and protruded into the upper calyx. Histologically, the @entity1 was composed of both epithelial and mesenchymal components. The epithelial elements consisted of cysts and tubules, and the mesenchymal elements of loosely textured fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Other elements could not be identified. This case was diagnosed as @entity5 histologically resembling @entity6 of infancy. @entity6 is rare in adults. Continued maturation may finally transform it either to benign mixed @entity1 as in our case or @entity1 if stroma matures dominantly.

title: [A case of @entity5 resembling XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: 1. In 13 of 15 experiments, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity8 (a prostanoid @entity10 agonist) contracted isolated rings of @entity0 pulmonary artery at low concentrations (> or = 5 and > or = 0.5 nM respectively). Tissue was obtained from @entity0 undergoing surgery mainly for @entity1 . Characterization of the receptors involved was complicated by loss of sensitivity to the contractile PGE action over the experimental period. In contrast, contractile responses to @entity7 , @entity5 and the specific @entity6 (TP-) receptor agonist, U-46619, did not decrease with time. 2. The relative contractile potencies for seven PGE analogues, measured during the first few hours after setting up the preparations, were as follows: @entity8 > @entity2 = gemeprost > or = @entity4 > or = @entity16 > @entity12 > or = 11-deoxy PGE1. This ranking indicates that an @entity9 -receptor is involved. 3. The contractile action of @entity8 was not blocked by the TP-receptor antagonists, EP 169 and @entity14 , and the EP1-receptor antagonist, @entity13 . 4. In two experiments, @entity4 (50 nM) reduced basal tone and @entity8 was a weak contractile agent. @entity5 -induced tone was also inhibited by @entity4 (EC50 = 5-20 nM), 11-deoxy PGE1 and butaprost (a selective @entity11 -receptor agonist); the latter prostanoids were about 2 and 4 times less potent than @entity4 respectively. Interactions with @entity5 were different in experiments where @entity4 alone was contractile: @entity4 induced contraction superimposed on the @entity5 response and 11-deoxy PGE1 induced either further contraction or had no effect. Butaprost produced relaxation at high concentrations;this may not be an @entity11 action since preparations were highly sensitive to relaxant actions of prostacyclin (IP-) receptor agonists (cicaprost and @entity15 ).5 The study has shown that in the majority of experiments on the @entity0 isolated pulmonary artery,the contractile @entity9 system outweighed the relaxant @entity11 system. However, in two experiments the reverse was true. It is not clear to what extent these differences are due to disease processes affecting the tissues.The findings are discussed in relation to the adverse cardiovascular responses occasionally encountered during treatment of postpartum @entity3 with @entity8 , and more generally to the clinical use of EP-receptor agonists in @entity0 .

title: Potent contractile actions of prostanoid XXXX -receptor agonists on @entity0 isolated pulmonary artery.

answer: @entity9


abstract: 1. In 13 of 15 experiments, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity8 (a prostanoid @entity10 agonist) contracted isolated rings of @entity0 pulmonary artery at low concentrations (> or = 5 and > or = 0.5 nM respectively). Tissue was obtained from @entity0 undergoing surgery mainly for @entity1 . Characterization of the receptors involved was complicated by loss of sensitivity to the contractile PGE action over the experimental period. In contrast, contractile responses to @entity7 , @entity5 and the specific @entity6 (TP-) receptor agonist, U-46619, did not decrease with time. 2. The relative contractile potencies for seven PGE analogues, measured during the first few hours after setting up the preparations, were as follows: @entity8 > @entity2 = gemeprost > or = @entity4 > or = @entity16 > @entity12 > or = 11-deoxy PGE1. This ranking indicates that an @entity9 -receptor is involved. 3. The contractile action of @entity8 was not blocked by the TP-receptor antagonists, EP 169 and @entity14 , and the EP1-receptor antagonist, @entity13 . 4. In two experiments, @entity4 (50 nM) reduced basal tone and @entity8 was a weak contractile agent. @entity5 -induced tone was also inhibited by @entity4 (EC50 = 5-20 nM), 11-deoxy PGE1 and butaprost (a selective @entity11 -receptor agonist); the latter prostanoids were about 2 and 4 times less potent than @entity4 respectively. Interactions with @entity5 were different in experiments where @entity4 alone was contractile: @entity4 induced contraction superimposed on the @entity5 response and 11-deoxy PGE1 induced either further contraction or had no effect. Butaprost produced relaxation at high concentrations;this may not be an @entity11 action since preparations were highly sensitive to relaxant actions of prostacyclin (IP-) receptor agonists (cicaprost and @entity15 ).5 The study has shown that in the majority of experiments on the @entity0 isolated pulmonary artery,the contractile @entity9 system outweighed the relaxant @entity11 system. However, in two experiments the reverse was true. It is not clear to what extent these differences are due to disease processes affecting the tissues.The findings are discussed in relation to the adverse cardiovascular responses occasionally encountered during treatment of postpartum @entity3 with @entity8 , and more generally to the clinical use of EP-receptor agonists in @entity0 .

title: Potent contractile actions of prostanoid @entity9 -receptor agonists on XXXX isolated pulmonary artery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic significance of the number of metastatic lymph nodes (nN) in resected @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in comparison with the currently used pathologic nodal (pN) category in the staging system. METHODS: A total of 1659 @entity0 who underwent potentially curative resection for @entity3 from 2000 to 2006 were included in this study. The association between the nN and survival was explored, and the results were compared with those using the location-based pN stage classification. RESULTS: The @entity0 were divided into four categories according to the number of metastatic nodes: nN0, absence of metastatic nodes; nN1, @entity1 in one to two nodes; nN2, @entity1 in three to six nodes; and nN3, @entity1 in seven or more nodes. The 5-year overall survival for nN0, nN1, nN2, and nN3 was 89.2%, 65.1%, 42.1%, and 22.4%, respectively (p < 0.001). The nN category could be used to subdivide @entity4 and @entity2 @entity0 into two (nN1 and nN2) and three (nN1, nN2, and nN3) prognostically distinct subgroups, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed the nN category was an independent prognostic factor for resected @entity3 . The difference in overall survival between @entity4 and @entity2 was not significant (55.4% versus 47.8%, p = 0.245). @entity0 in each nN category could not be subdivided into different prognostic subgroups according to the pN classification. CONCLUSIONS: The nN category in this study was shown to be a better prognostic determinant than the location-based pN stage classification.

title: Which is the better prognostic factor for resected XXXX : the number of metastatic lymph nodes or the currently used nodal stage classification?

answer: @entity3


abstract: Renal transplantation in @entity0 with @entity1 is controversial. Renal transplantation is generally not considered for @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) because of their extremely poor prognosis. There are few reports of @entity6 recurrence among kidney transplant recipients. We present a case of disease relapse of @entity7 in a transplanted kidney. We present a @entity0 with @entity8 , who responded well to chemotherapy and underwent allogenic renal transplantation. He relapsed after 4 years with progression to @entity8 . Despite minimal clinical symptoms, the @entity0 had developed @entity6 cast @entity2 and @entity5 . His @entity3 settled after excision of @entity1 . @entity8 as a mode of relapse is highly unusual. Experience of renal transplantation in @entity6 is limited. In the literature, the recurrence of @entity6 is mentioned as a severe complication with a poor graft prognosis. @entity8 as a mode of relapse is highly unusual. It should not be considered as a contraindication for transplantation. Renal transplantation for @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) due to @entity6 is possible. But large prospective studies are needed to develop a strategy for preventing @entity6 recurrence.

title: Disease recurrence in a transplant kidney in a @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Renal transplantation in @entity0 with @entity1 is controversial. Renal transplantation is generally not considered for @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) because of their extremely poor prognosis. There are few reports of @entity6 recurrence among kidney transplant recipients. We present a case of disease relapse of @entity7 in a transplanted kidney. We present a @entity0 with @entity8 , who responded well to chemotherapy and underwent allogenic renal transplantation. He relapsed after 4 years with progression to @entity8 . Despite minimal clinical symptoms, the @entity0 had developed @entity6 cast @entity2 and @entity5 . His @entity3 settled after excision of @entity1 . @entity8 as a mode of relapse is highly unusual. Experience of renal transplantation in @entity6 is limited. In the literature, the recurrence of @entity6 is mentioned as a severe complication with a poor graft prognosis. @entity8 as a mode of relapse is highly unusual. It should not be considered as a contraindication for transplantation. Renal transplantation for @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) due to @entity6 is possible. But large prospective studies are needed to develop a strategy for preventing @entity6 recurrence.

title: Disease recurrence in a transplant kidney in a XXXX with @entity8 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The genes that cause or increase susceptibility to essential @entity3 (EH) and related animal models remain unknown. Their identification is unlikely to be realized with current @entity2 , because of ambiguities in the genotype-phenotype relationships in these @entity2 . In turn, the phenotype is not just an aggregate of traits, but needs to be related to specific components of the circulatory control system at different stages of EH. Hence, clues about important genes must come through the phenotype, reversing the order of current approaches. A recent systems analysis has highlighted major differences in circulatory control in the two main syndromes of EH: (1) stress-and-salt-related EH (SSR-EH)--a constrictor @entity3 with low blood volume; (2) hypertensive @entity1 --SSR-EH plus @entity1 . Each is initiated through sensitization of central synapses linking the cerebral cortex to the @entity5 defense area. Several mechanisms are probably involved, including cerebellar effects on baroreflexes. The result is a sustained increase in sympathetic neural activity at stimulus levels that have no effect in normal subjects. Subsequent progression of EH is largely through interactions with non-neural mechanisms, including changes in concentration of vascular autacoids (e.g., @entity4 ) and the amplifying effect of structural changes in large resistance vessels. The rising vasoconstriction increases heterogeneity of blood flow, causing rarefaction (decreased microvascular density) and deterioration of vital organs. SSR-EH also increases food intake in response to stress, but only 40% of these individuals develop hypertensive @entity1 . Their brain ignores the adiposity signals that normally reduce eating. @entity7 masks the sympathetic vasoconstriction through its dilator action, raises blood volume, whilst renal @entity0 and other @entity6 are common. In each syndrome the neural and non-neural determinants of @entity3 provide targets for identifying high BP genes. Reading the genome from the phenotype will require new approaches, such as those used in developmental genetics. In addition, transgenic technology may help verify hypotheses and examine whether an observed effect is through single or multiple mechanisms. To obtain answers will require substantial collaborative efforts between physiologists and geneticists.

title: The phenotypic patterns of essential XXXX are the key to identifying " @entity3 " genes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The genes that cause or increase susceptibility to essential @entity3 (EH) and related animal models remain unknown. Their identification is unlikely to be realized with current @entity2 , because of ambiguities in the genotype-phenotype relationships in these @entity2 . In turn, the phenotype is not just an aggregate of traits, but needs to be related to specific components of the circulatory control system at different stages of EH. Hence, clues about important genes must come through the phenotype, reversing the order of current approaches. A recent systems analysis has highlighted major differences in circulatory control in the two main syndromes of EH: (1) stress-and-salt-related EH (SSR-EH)--a constrictor @entity3 with low blood volume; (2) hypertensive @entity1 --SSR-EH plus @entity1 . Each is initiated through sensitization of central synapses linking the cerebral cortex to the @entity5 defense area. Several mechanisms are probably involved, including cerebellar effects on baroreflexes. The result is a sustained increase in sympathetic neural activity at stimulus levels that have no effect in normal subjects. Subsequent progression of EH is largely through interactions with non-neural mechanisms, including changes in concentration of vascular autacoids (e.g., @entity4 ) and the amplifying effect of structural changes in large resistance vessels. The rising vasoconstriction increases heterogeneity of blood flow, causing rarefaction (decreased microvascular density) and deterioration of vital organs. SSR-EH also increases food intake in response to stress, but only 40% of these individuals develop hypertensive @entity1 . Their brain ignores the adiposity signals that normally reduce eating. @entity7 masks the sympathetic vasoconstriction through its dilator action, raises blood volume, whilst renal @entity0 and other @entity6 are common. In each syndrome the neural and non-neural determinants of @entity3 provide targets for identifying high BP genes. Reading the genome from the phenotype will require new approaches, such as those used in developmental genetics. In addition, transgenic technology may help verify hypotheses and examine whether an observed effect is through single or multiple mechanisms. To obtain answers will require substantial collaborative efforts between physiologists and geneticists.

title: The phenotypic patterns of essential @entity3 are the key to identifying " XXXX " genes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study possible relationships between abnormal placental perfusion, @entity1 and impaired fetal nutrient supply. STUDY DESIGN: Umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms were assessed in high risk pregnancies and compared with controls. Three groups were studied. In group I (n = 13) the pulsatility index (PI) was within normal limits, in group II (n = 9) PI was > 2 S.D. in the presence of positive end diastolic velocities and in group III (n = 13) end diastolic velocities were absent. pH and @entity5 levels and concentrations of @entity3 , @entity0 and @entity2 were measured in umbilical blood obtained at cesarean section (n = 35). RESULTS: An inverse correlation was found between concentrations of essential @entity3 concentrations and the pulsatility index in the umbilical artery (P = 0.03). No correlation with @entity1 was found (P = 0.32). The @entity4 / @entity6 ratio was significantly increased in the groups with abnormal Doppler velocity indices (P = 0.02). @entity0 concentrations were significantly reduced in the case of absent end diastolic velocities (P = 0.001). No significant differences were found between the three groups concerning @entity2 concentrations and acid-base balance parameters. CONCLUSIONS: These findings, especially the increased @entity4 / @entity6 ratio, which is characteristic for kwashiorkor, indicate that abnormal placental perfusion is associated with impaired fetal nutrient supply, in the presence of a normal fetal oxygenation.

title: @entity3 , XXXX and @entity2 concentrations in umbilical cord blood in relation to umbilical artery flow patterns.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study possible relationships between abnormal placental perfusion, @entity1 and impaired fetal nutrient supply. STUDY DESIGN: Umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms were assessed in high risk pregnancies and compared with controls. Three groups were studied. In group I (n = 13) the pulsatility index (PI) was within normal limits, in group II (n = 9) PI was > 2 S.D. in the presence of positive end diastolic velocities and in group III (n = 13) end diastolic velocities were absent. pH and @entity5 levels and concentrations of @entity3 , @entity0 and @entity2 were measured in umbilical blood obtained at cesarean section (n = 35). RESULTS: An inverse correlation was found between concentrations of essential @entity3 concentrations and the pulsatility index in the umbilical artery (P = 0.03). No correlation with @entity1 was found (P = 0.32). The @entity4 / @entity6 ratio was significantly increased in the groups with abnormal Doppler velocity indices (P = 0.02). @entity0 concentrations were significantly reduced in the case of absent end diastolic velocities (P = 0.001). No significant differences were found between the three groups concerning @entity2 concentrations and acid-base balance parameters. CONCLUSIONS: These findings, especially the increased @entity4 / @entity6 ratio, which is characteristic for kwashiorkor, indicate that abnormal placental perfusion is associated with impaired fetal nutrient supply, in the presence of a normal fetal oxygenation.

title: XXXX , @entity0 and @entity2 concentrations in umbilical cord blood in relation to umbilical artery flow patterns.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study possible relationships between abnormal placental perfusion, @entity1 and impaired fetal nutrient supply. STUDY DESIGN: Umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms were assessed in high risk pregnancies and compared with controls. Three groups were studied. In group I (n = 13) the pulsatility index (PI) was within normal limits, in group II (n = 9) PI was > 2 S.D. in the presence of positive end diastolic velocities and in group III (n = 13) end diastolic velocities were absent. pH and @entity5 levels and concentrations of @entity3 , @entity0 and @entity2 were measured in umbilical blood obtained at cesarean section (n = 35). RESULTS: An inverse correlation was found between concentrations of essential @entity3 concentrations and the pulsatility index in the umbilical artery (P = 0.03). No correlation with @entity1 was found (P = 0.32). The @entity4 / @entity6 ratio was significantly increased in the groups with abnormal Doppler velocity indices (P = 0.02). @entity0 concentrations were significantly reduced in the case of absent end diastolic velocities (P = 0.001). No significant differences were found between the three groups concerning @entity2 concentrations and acid-base balance parameters. CONCLUSIONS: These findings, especially the increased @entity4 / @entity6 ratio, which is characteristic for kwashiorkor, indicate that abnormal placental perfusion is associated with impaired fetal nutrient supply, in the presence of a normal fetal oxygenation.

title: @entity3 , @entity0 and XXXX concentrations in umbilical cord blood in relation to umbilical artery flow patterns.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Thirty-one @entity0 were randomized during 39 episodes of @entity2 to receive either 1 g of intravenous @entity6 (19 @entity0 ) or no antibiotic (20 @entity0 ) immediately before emergency endoscopic sclerotherapy. Blood was obtained for culture before and at 5 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours after the procedure. Specimens for culture were taken from the endoscope tip and channel, water bottle, and injection needle after sclerotherapy. When @entity3 was present (5 @entity0 in the antibiotic group, 7 in the control group), fluid was obtained by paracentesis before endoscopy and at 4 and 24 hours. @entity5 occurred in 1 of 19 @entity0 in the antibiotic group (5.3%), compared with 6 of 19 in the control group (31.6%; p = .04). The cultured organisms were oral flora and usually also contaminated the endoscope and needle. No bacteria were cultured from ascitic fluid in any @entity0 nor was the ascitic fluid white cell count elevated. @entity4 attributable to sclerotherapy did not develop in any @entity0 . In conclusion, the frequency of @entity5 after endoscopic sclerotherapy for @entity2 esophageal varices can be reduced by prophylactic administration of intravenous @entity6 . However, this may not be clinically relevant, given the absence of bacterascites and @entity1 in this study. These findings do not support the routine use of antibiotics before sclerotherapy.

title: XXXX and bacterascites after endoscopic sclerotherapy for @entity2 esophageal varices and prevention by intravenous @entity6 : a randomized trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Thirty-one @entity0 were randomized during 39 episodes of @entity2 to receive either 1 g of intravenous @entity6 (19 @entity0 ) or no antibiotic (20 @entity0 ) immediately before emergency endoscopic sclerotherapy. Blood was obtained for culture before and at 5 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours after the procedure. Specimens for culture were taken from the endoscope tip and channel, water bottle, and injection needle after sclerotherapy. When @entity3 was present (5 @entity0 in the antibiotic group, 7 in the control group), fluid was obtained by paracentesis before endoscopy and at 4 and 24 hours. @entity5 occurred in 1 of 19 @entity0 in the antibiotic group (5.3%), compared with 6 of 19 in the control group (31.6%; p = .04). The cultured organisms were oral flora and usually also contaminated the endoscope and needle. No bacteria were cultured from ascitic fluid in any @entity0 nor was the ascitic fluid white cell count elevated. @entity4 attributable to sclerotherapy did not develop in any @entity0 . In conclusion, the frequency of @entity5 after endoscopic sclerotherapy for @entity2 esophageal varices can be reduced by prophylactic administration of intravenous @entity6 . However, this may not be clinically relevant, given the absence of bacterascites and @entity1 in this study. These findings do not support the routine use of antibiotics before sclerotherapy.

title: @entity5 and bacterascites after endoscopic sclerotherapy for @entity2 esophageal varices and prevention by intravenous XXXX : a randomized trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Thirty-one @entity0 were randomized during 39 episodes of @entity2 to receive either 1 g of intravenous @entity6 (19 @entity0 ) or no antibiotic (20 @entity0 ) immediately before emergency endoscopic sclerotherapy. Blood was obtained for culture before and at 5 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours after the procedure. Specimens for culture were taken from the endoscope tip and channel, water bottle, and injection needle after sclerotherapy. When @entity3 was present (5 @entity0 in the antibiotic group, 7 in the control group), fluid was obtained by paracentesis before endoscopy and at 4 and 24 hours. @entity5 occurred in 1 of 19 @entity0 in the antibiotic group (5.3%), compared with 6 of 19 in the control group (31.6%; p = .04). The cultured organisms were oral flora and usually also contaminated the endoscope and needle. No bacteria were cultured from ascitic fluid in any @entity0 nor was the ascitic fluid white cell count elevated. @entity4 attributable to sclerotherapy did not develop in any @entity0 . In conclusion, the frequency of @entity5 after endoscopic sclerotherapy for @entity2 esophageal varices can be reduced by prophylactic administration of intravenous @entity6 . However, this may not be clinically relevant, given the absence of bacterascites and @entity1 in this study. These findings do not support the routine use of antibiotics before sclerotherapy.

title: @entity5 and bacterascites after endoscopic sclerotherapy for XXXX esophageal varices and prevention by intravenous @entity6 : a randomized trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The assessment and remediation of boundary-challenged healthcare professionals is enhanced through examination of individual risk factors. We assessed three such factors--attachment style, childhood @entity1 and @entity3 (mostly physicians) of a CME professional boundaries course. We propose a theoretical model which draws a causal arc from childhood maltreatment through insecure attachment and maladaptive beliefs to elevated risk for boundary violations. METHODS: We administered the Experiences in Close Relationship Questionnaire (ECR-R), Childhood @entity1 Questionnaire (CTQ), and Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) to 100 healthcare professionals (mostly physicians) attending a CME course on professional boundaries. Experts rated @entity0 autobiographies to determine attachment style and early adversities. Correlations and relationships among self- and expert ratings and between different risk factors were examined. RESULTS: Five percent of @entity0 reported CTQ total scores in the moderate to severe range; eleven percent reported moderate to severe emotional neglect or emotional abuse. Average @entity2 and attachment avoidance were low, and more than half of @entity0 were rated    secure    by experts. Childhood maltreatment was correlated with @entity2 and avoidance and predicted expert-rated insecure attachment and maladaptive beliefs. CONCLUSION: Our findings support a potential link between childhood adversity and boundary difficulties, partly mediated by insecure attachment and early maladaptive beliefs. Furthermore, these results suggest that boundary education programs and professional wellness programs may be enhanced with a focus on sequelae of childhood maltreatment, attachment and common maladaptive thinking patterns.

title: Individual risk factors for physician boundary violations: the role of attachment style, childhood XXXX and maladaptive beliefs.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Relatively few studies have examined the activity of alkylating agents in the treatment of advanced @entity2 . Recent reports have suggested possible therapeutic activity for high-dose intravenous melphalan administered with autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) support. We conducted a phase II study to determine the efficacy of administering intravenous melphalan at doses that do not require BMT support in @entity0 with advanced @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity0 with histologically proven, bidimensionally measurable disease were treated. The starting dose of @entity7 was 30 mg/m2, with dose escalation permitted. RESULTS: No objective responses were observed. @entity3 effects were primarily reversible @entity6 and @entity5 . There were no treatment-associated @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Melphalan's lack of efficacy at the doses administered does not disprove the steep chemotherapy dose-response relationship postulated for many solid @entity1 . However, we feel that it is unlikely that repetitive courses of high dose melphalan with autologous BMT support will be a practical approach to the management of advanced @entity2 .

title: Phase II trial of intravenous melphalan in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The neurological functional disabilities caused by @entity3 significantly deteriorate life quality and increase the medical and socio-economic costs. Although some molecular agents show potential in acting against the pathological mechanisms in animal studies, none has been proven effective for @entity6 treatment in @entity0 @entity0 . New treatment strategy needs to be developed. Stem cell therapy is promising for neural regeneration and thus become one of the current trends. More evidence has shown stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), skeletal muscle satellite cells and mesenchymal stem cells, to be useful in tissue repair and regeneration. However all these stem cells mentioned above have limitations. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an alternative autologous stem cell source for the characters as abundant, easy to obtain, immunological and ethic problem free. So far, this treatment strategy has been rarely adopted on @entity6 . In this study, we investigated the transplantation effects of @entity1 ADSCs for the treatment of @entity6 in @entity1 . ADSCs were isolated from @entity1 adipose tissue and then induced to initiate neural differentiation. Following neural induction, ADSCs developed neural morphology and displayed molecular expression of @entity8 , @entity7 and @entity4 . We evaluate the neurobehavioral function, @entity5 volume and cell properties as apoptosis, survival, migration, proliferation, differentiation and immunogenicity. Treatment with i-ADSCs (induction from ADSCs) results in better functional recovery and more reduction in hemispheric atrophy then without i-ADSCs in other groups. Our study demonstrates that i-ADSCs therapy is promising in @entity2 treatment and finally leads to an efficacious therapeutic modalities for much better outcome in clinical @entity0 .

title: Transplantation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells for treatment of focal XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED)-related @entity5 (CIED-IE) is a serious complication of @entity3 and is associated with increased mortality. At present, there exist no criteria to predict CIED-IE in @entity0 who present with @entity6 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of @entity6 seen at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 1991 and 2008. CIED-IE was classified using pathologic and clinical criteria. Clinical predictors of CIED-IE were identified using logistic regression, and quantified using a summary score and plotted against the distribution of CIED-IE. RESULTS: Ninety-three (22.4%) of the 416 @entity0 with @entity6 had CIED-IE. Host factors including chronic immunomodulator therapy exclusive of corticosteroid (odds ratio [OR], 3.79 [confidence interval (CI) 1.10, 13.04]), chronic corticosteroid therapy (OR, 2.15 [CI 0.93, 5.00]), hemodialysis (OR, 3.24 [CI 1.39, 7.55]), or remote @entity2 (OR, 1.77 [CI 0.99, 3.14]) were associated with increased odds of CIED-IE. @entity0 with CIED-IE were at increased odds of presenting with @entity1 (OR, 3.78 [CI 1.93, 7.40]), or malaise (OR, 1.87 [CI 1.02, 3.41]), and have findings of @entity4 (OR, 3.61 [CI 1.51, 8.62]). In marked contrast, they were at decreased odds of exhibiting signs/symptoms of @entity2 at the generator pocket site (OR, 0.19 [CI 0.10, 0.36]). Summary scores of 6 and 11 predicted CIED-IE in approximately 50% and 90% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Certain comorbid conditions and systemic manifestations of @entity2 were associated with CIED-IE. In contrast, pocket site @entity2 was negatively associated with CIED-IE. These findings should assist clinicians in identifying @entity0 who would more likely benefit from further investigation of CIED-IE with transesophageal echocardiography.

title: Clinical predictors of cardiovascular implantable electronic device-related XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity4 is associated with alterations in corticostriatal reward circuitry. One pathophysiological pathway that may drive these changes is @entity1 . Biomarkers of @entity1 (for example, cytokines and @entity9 are reliably elevated in @entity4 @entity0 . Moreover, administration of inflammatory stimuli reduces neural activity and @entity6 release in reward-related brain regions in association with reduced motivation and @entity11 . Accordingly, we examined whether @entity1 in @entity4 affects corticostriatal reward circuitry to lead to deficits in motivation and goal-directed motor behavior. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on 48 medically stable, unmedicated outpatients with major @entity4 . Whole-brain, voxel-wise functional connectivity was examined as a function of @entity9 using seeds for subdivisions of the ventral and dorsal striatum associated with motivation and motor control. Increased @entity9 was associated with decreased connectivity between ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) (corrected P<0.05), which in turn correlated with increased @entity11 (R=-0.47, P=0.001). Increased @entity9 similarly predicted decreased dorsal striatal to vmPFC and presupplementary motor area connectivity, which correlated with decreased motor speed (R=0.31 to 0.45, P<0.05) and @entity10 slowing (R=-0.35, P=0.015). Of note, mediation analyses revealed that these effects of @entity9 on connectivity mediated significant relationships between @entity9 and @entity11 and @entity3 . Finally, connectivity between striatum and vmPFC was associated with increased plasma @entity5 , @entity8 and @entity7 (R=-0.33 to -0.36, P<0.05). These findings suggest that decreased corticostriatal connectivity may serve as a target for anti-inflammatory or pro-dopaminergic treatment strategies to improve motivational and @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 , including @entity4 .

title: @entity1 is associated with decreased functional connectivity within corticostriatal reward circuitry in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 is associated with alterations in corticostriatal reward circuitry. One pathophysiological pathway that may drive these changes is @entity1 . Biomarkers of @entity1 (for example, cytokines and @entity9 are reliably elevated in @entity4 @entity0 . Moreover, administration of inflammatory stimuli reduces neural activity and @entity6 release in reward-related brain regions in association with reduced motivation and @entity11 . Accordingly, we examined whether @entity1 in @entity4 affects corticostriatal reward circuitry to lead to deficits in motivation and goal-directed motor behavior. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on 48 medically stable, unmedicated outpatients with major @entity4 . Whole-brain, voxel-wise functional connectivity was examined as a function of @entity9 using seeds for subdivisions of the ventral and dorsal striatum associated with motivation and motor control. Increased @entity9 was associated with decreased connectivity between ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) (corrected P<0.05), which in turn correlated with increased @entity11 (R=-0.47, P=0.001). Increased @entity9 similarly predicted decreased dorsal striatal to vmPFC and presupplementary motor area connectivity, which correlated with decreased motor speed (R=0.31 to 0.45, P<0.05) and @entity10 slowing (R=-0.35, P=0.015). Of note, mediation analyses revealed that these effects of @entity9 on connectivity mediated significant relationships between @entity9 and @entity11 and @entity3 . Finally, connectivity between striatum and vmPFC was associated with increased plasma @entity5 , @entity8 and @entity7 (R=-0.33 to -0.36, P<0.05). These findings suggest that decreased corticostriatal connectivity may serve as a target for anti-inflammatory or pro-dopaminergic treatment strategies to improve motivational and @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 , including @entity4 .

title: XXXX is associated with decreased functional connectivity within corticostriatal reward circuitry in @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In order to differentiate @entity2 ( @entity2 ) from @entity4 , the usefulness of the measurement of the urinary concentration of @entity3 was evaluated in this study. The subjects employed were 39 @entity0 with @entity2 and 40 @entity0 with @entity4 . @entity0 were advised to avoid any @entity3 -containing food or medication for a week before the examination. The urinary concentration of @entity3 (UI) and the serum concentration of thyroid hormones were determined. UI was calculated from the amount of @entity3 in the spot urine by multiplying it by the ratio of @entity3 to @entity1 . Since the UI value thus obtained was significantly well correlated with the UI value for 24 hour urine, the former value was used instead of the latter value thereafter. Mean UI value in the @entity0 with @entity2 was 482.4 +/- 296.4 mu g/day and that in the @entity0 with @entity4 was 169.8 +/- 75.2 mu g/day, the former value being significantly higher than the latter (p < 0.0001). A strong and significant correlation between UI and the serum concentration of FT4 or T3 (TT3) was found in the @entity0 with @entity2 (r = 0.76, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.54, p < 0.02), but not in those with @entity4 (r = 0.34, p = 0.07 and r = 0.24, p = 0.14) Mean UI/FT4 ratio and mean UI/TT3 ratio was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity2 than those with @entity4 and the overlaps in the ratios between these two groups were very slight. These results indicate that both the ratios of UI/FT4 and UI/TT3 were useful parameters to differentiate @entity2 from @entity4 . The higher UI value observed in the @entity0 with @entity2 was thought to be due to the increase in the amount of inorganic @entity3 which was liberated from the iodinated material leaked from the damaged thyroid tissue by the deiodinating mechanism in the peripheral tissues.

title: [Clinical significance of the measurement of the urinary concentration of XXXX in differentiating @entity2 from @entity4 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: In order to differentiate @entity2 ( @entity2 ) from @entity4 , the usefulness of the measurement of the urinary concentration of @entity3 was evaluated in this study. The subjects employed were 39 @entity0 with @entity2 and 40 @entity0 with @entity4 . @entity0 were advised to avoid any @entity3 -containing food or medication for a week before the examination. The urinary concentration of @entity3 (UI) and the serum concentration of thyroid hormones were determined. UI was calculated from the amount of @entity3 in the spot urine by multiplying it by the ratio of @entity3 to @entity1 . Since the UI value thus obtained was significantly well correlated with the UI value for 24 hour urine, the former value was used instead of the latter value thereafter. Mean UI value in the @entity0 with @entity2 was 482.4 +/- 296.4 mu g/day and that in the @entity0 with @entity4 was 169.8 +/- 75.2 mu g/day, the former value being significantly higher than the latter (p < 0.0001). A strong and significant correlation between UI and the serum concentration of FT4 or T3 (TT3) was found in the @entity0 with @entity2 (r = 0.76, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.54, p < 0.02), but not in those with @entity4 (r = 0.34, p = 0.07 and r = 0.24, p = 0.14) Mean UI/FT4 ratio and mean UI/TT3 ratio was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity2 than those with @entity4 and the overlaps in the ratios between these two groups were very slight. These results indicate that both the ratios of UI/FT4 and UI/TT3 were useful parameters to differentiate @entity2 from @entity4 . The higher UI value observed in the @entity0 with @entity2 was thought to be due to the increase in the amount of inorganic @entity3 which was liberated from the iodinated material leaked from the damaged thyroid tissue by the deiodinating mechanism in the peripheral tissues.

title: [Clinical significance of the measurement of the urinary concentration of @entity3 in differentiating @entity2 from XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: In order to differentiate @entity2 ( @entity2 ) from @entity4 , the usefulness of the measurement of the urinary concentration of @entity3 was evaluated in this study. The subjects employed were 39 @entity0 with @entity2 and 40 @entity0 with @entity4 . @entity0 were advised to avoid any @entity3 -containing food or medication for a week before the examination. The urinary concentration of @entity3 (UI) and the serum concentration of thyroid hormones were determined. UI was calculated from the amount of @entity3 in the spot urine by multiplying it by the ratio of @entity3 to @entity1 . Since the UI value thus obtained was significantly well correlated with the UI value for 24 hour urine, the former value was used instead of the latter value thereafter. Mean UI value in the @entity0 with @entity2 was 482.4 +/- 296.4 mu g/day and that in the @entity0 with @entity4 was 169.8 +/- 75.2 mu g/day, the former value being significantly higher than the latter (p < 0.0001). A strong and significant correlation between UI and the serum concentration of FT4 or T3 (TT3) was found in the @entity0 with @entity2 (r = 0.76, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.54, p < 0.02), but not in those with @entity4 (r = 0.34, p = 0.07 and r = 0.24, p = 0.14) Mean UI/FT4 ratio and mean UI/TT3 ratio was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity2 than those with @entity4 and the overlaps in the ratios between these two groups were very slight. These results indicate that both the ratios of UI/FT4 and UI/TT3 were useful parameters to differentiate @entity2 from @entity4 . The higher UI value observed in the @entity0 with @entity2 was thought to be due to the increase in the amount of inorganic @entity3 which was liberated from the iodinated material leaked from the damaged thyroid tissue by the deiodinating mechanism in the peripheral tissues.

title: [Clinical significance of the measurement of the urinary concentration of @entity3 in differentiating XXXX from @entity4 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: To address the problem of the pathogenesis of @entity12 , @entity1 were made @entity0 by @entity18 administration, and sciatic nerves were sampled for electrolyte and water content and levels of selected @entity10 and intermediates in energy metabolism at 3, 6, and 26 weeks. Significant increases were seen in the nerve content of @entity3 , @entity14 , and @entity7 . Decreases of @entity17 were not statistically significant. @entity11 was increased at all times; @entity13 was elevated at 6 and 26 weeks. Nerve @entity5 and @entity8 levels were both increased concomitantly, as was the energy charge. Nerve @entity6 levels increased only at 26 weeks when plasma @entity6 levels were also high. Plasma @entity15 bodies were elevated throughout the 26-week experimental interval. It is postulated that @entity15 bodies were being used as alternative metabolic fuels in @entity0 , thereby causing inhibition of @entity9 oxidation and increased aerobic production of @entity6 . Increased plasma @entity15 body levels could also inhibit hepatic @entity6 uptake. There was no other evidence for @entity4 / @entity2 . @entity6 : @entity9 ratios did not differ from control values at any time in these @entity19 animals. Five major hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of @entity12 : 1) @entity4 / @entity2 , 2) hyperglycemic pseudohypoxia, 3) @entity17 deficiency, 4) @entity7 and @entity16 accumulation and osmotic disequilibrium, and 5) nonenzymatic glycation of macromolecules by @entity7 and @entity3 . The data obtained in this study seem to fit best with hypotheses 4 and perhaps 5.

title: Effects of acute, subacute, and chronic XXXX on carbohydrate and energy metabolism in @entity1 sciatic nerve. Relation to mechanisms of peripheral neuropathy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To address the problem of the pathogenesis of @entity12 , @entity1 were made @entity0 by @entity18 administration, and sciatic nerves were sampled for electrolyte and water content and levels of selected @entity10 and intermediates in energy metabolism at 3, 6, and 26 weeks. Significant increases were seen in the nerve content of @entity3 , @entity14 , and @entity7 . Decreases of @entity17 were not statistically significant. @entity11 was increased at all times; @entity13 was elevated at 6 and 26 weeks. Nerve @entity5 and @entity8 levels were both increased concomitantly, as was the energy charge. Nerve @entity6 levels increased only at 26 weeks when plasma @entity6 levels were also high. Plasma @entity15 bodies were elevated throughout the 26-week experimental interval. It is postulated that @entity15 bodies were being used as alternative metabolic fuels in @entity0 , thereby causing inhibition of @entity9 oxidation and increased aerobic production of @entity6 . Increased plasma @entity15 body levels could also inhibit hepatic @entity6 uptake. There was no other evidence for @entity4 / @entity2 . @entity6 : @entity9 ratios did not differ from control values at any time in these @entity19 animals. Five major hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of @entity12 : 1) @entity4 / @entity2 , 2) hyperglycemic pseudohypoxia, 3) @entity17 deficiency, 4) @entity7 and @entity16 accumulation and osmotic disequilibrium, and 5) nonenzymatic glycation of macromolecules by @entity7 and @entity3 . The data obtained in this study seem to fit best with hypotheses 4 and perhaps 5.

title: Effects of acute, subacute, and chronic @entity0 on carbohydrate and energy metabolism in XXXX sciatic nerve. Relation to mechanisms of peripheral neuropathy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Although a uterine leiomyomectomy or adenomyomectomy is an accepted procedure to treat symptoms such as @entity7 or @entity5 to enhance fertility, the risk of future uterine @entity3 is a major concern for @entity0 who become pregnant following these surgery. Although uterine @entity3 very rarely occurs, this is the most feared complication in pregnancy and is associated with a high rate of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. A 37-year-old nulliparous @entity0 had a 2-year history of @entity2 . A transvaginal ultrasound revealed multiple uterine @entity1 that resembled @entity8 on the posterior and fundal walls of the uterine body. After the @entity0 had three failed in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer treatments, the uterine @entity1 was enucleated, and pathologically diagnosed as an @entity1 . Five months after the operation, the @entity0 became pregnant as a result of a fourth in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. At the 33rd week of gestation, she complained of a sudden onset of @entity4 . The @entity0 was diagnosed with a @entity3 based on an ultrasound, and an emergency cesarean section was performed. The @entity3 occurred at the site of the operation scar on the posterior wall of the uterine body. The fetal legs extruded into the abdominal cavity from the uterine cavity but were enclosed within the unruptured chorioamniotic membrane. A male neonate (1956 g) was delivered without @entity6 and had Apgar scores of 8 and 9. The ruptured uterine wall could be repaired by suturing. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of uterine @entity3 during pregnancy after resection of an @entity1 in the uterine body.

title: Spontaneous uterine XXXX in the 33rd week of IVF pregnancy after laparoscopically assisted enucleation of uterine @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although a uterine leiomyomectomy or adenomyomectomy is an accepted procedure to treat symptoms such as @entity7 or @entity5 to enhance fertility, the risk of future uterine @entity3 is a major concern for @entity0 who become pregnant following these surgery. Although uterine @entity3 very rarely occurs, this is the most feared complication in pregnancy and is associated with a high rate of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. A 37-year-old nulliparous @entity0 had a 2-year history of @entity2 . A transvaginal ultrasound revealed multiple uterine @entity1 that resembled @entity8 on the posterior and fundal walls of the uterine body. After the @entity0 had three failed in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer treatments, the uterine @entity1 was enucleated, and pathologically diagnosed as an @entity1 . Five months after the operation, the @entity0 became pregnant as a result of a fourth in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. At the 33rd week of gestation, she complained of a sudden onset of @entity4 . The @entity0 was diagnosed with a @entity3 based on an ultrasound, and an emergency cesarean section was performed. The @entity3 occurred at the site of the operation scar on the posterior wall of the uterine body. The fetal legs extruded into the abdominal cavity from the uterine cavity but were enclosed within the unruptured chorioamniotic membrane. A male neonate (1956 g) was delivered without @entity6 and had Apgar scores of 8 and 9. The ruptured uterine wall could be repaired by suturing. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of uterine @entity3 during pregnancy after resection of an @entity1 in the uterine body.

title: Spontaneous uterine @entity3 in the 33rd week of IVF pregnancy after laparoscopically assisted enucleation of uterine XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relevance of the temporal relationship between a unipolar electrogram (UEGM) and a bipolar electrogram (BEGM) in determining the site of origin (SOO) of focal @entity2 has been largely demonstrated. OBJECTIVE: We sought to demonstrate that a negative concordance in the initial forces of these EGMs is also helpful in predicting the SOO of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: Mapping and radiofrequency (RF) ablation were performed in 41 @entity0 with symptomatic @entity3 in the absence of structural @entity1 . Simultaneous recordings of the minimally filtered (0.5-500 Hz) UEGM and filtered BEGM (30-500 Hz) were analyzed at 247 mapping sites, where RF was attempted. EGMs of 63 mechanically induced @entity3 were separately analyzed as a validation group. All ablation sites had a QS pattern in the UEGM. Acute PVC suppression was defined as a complete disappearance of @entity3 after a 60-second pulse of RF. RESULTS: RF ablation obtained PVC suppression (RF+) in 33 of 247 sites (13.3%). A negative concordance pattern (NCP) during the initial 20 ms of both UEGM and BEGM was observed in 31 of 33 (94%) RF+ sites compared with 10 of 214 (4%)RF- sites (P < .0001). The NCP criterion demonstrated to be an additional powerful predictor of acute RF success with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 94%, 95%, 76%, and 99%, respectively. Similarly to RF+ sites, the NCP was observed in 60 of 63 sites (95.2%) in the mechanical PVC group. CONCLUSION: An NCP in both UEGM and BEGM may be an additional criterion that helps to localize the SOO of focal @entity2 .

title: Negative concordance pattern in bipolar and unipolar recordings: An additional mapping criterion to localize the site of origin of focal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Historically anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have been diagnosed poorly. A paper published in Injury in 1996 showed that less than 10% of @entity0 with an @entity1 had the diagnosis made by the first physician to see them and that the average delay from first presentation to diagnosis was 21 months. The aim of our study was to investigate whether an improvement has been made over the last two decades in diagnosing @entity1 . METHODS: We identified 160 @entity0 who had an ACL reconstruction performed by a single surgeon between October 2004 and December 2011 and for whom a complete data set was available. Data was extracted retrospectively from the hospital notes and a dedicated @entity0 database. We performed a sub-group analysis comparing @entity0 seen prior to the introduction of an @entity2 clinic in April 2007 and @entity0 seen after the introduction of the clinic. RESULTS: 75.1% (120/160) of @entity0 presented first to an @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or to their general practitioner (GP), but only 14.4% (23/160) were diagnosed on initial presentation. The median number of healthcare professionals a @entity0 saw prior to a diagnosis of @entity1 was 3. The median delay from @entity1 was 0 weeks (range 0-885), injury to diagnosis 13 weeks (0-926), presentation to diagnosis 10 weeks (0-924), presentation to a specialist knee clinic 24 weeks (0-1006), and specialist knee clinic to surgery 13 weeks (0-102). The median total time from injury to surgery was 42 weeks (0-1047). Following the implementation of an @entity2 clinic in 2007, the median delay from presentation to surgery dropped from 59 weeks to 36 weeks (p = 0.050) and there was a significant decrease in the median delay from specialist knee clinic to surgery from 23 to 11 weeks (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: Over the past two decades there appears to have been little improvement in the early diagnosis of @entity1 , with only 14.4% of @entity0 being diagnosed correctly at initial presentation. We recommend further education of emergency and primary care clinicians in the diagnosis of @entity1 , emphasising the importance of the typical history of an @entity1 . The implementation of an @entity2 clinic may help minimise delays to surgery, which should result in better @entity0 outcomes.

title: XXXX : A persistently difficult diagnosis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The control of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) depends primarily on its prevention at an early stage. It is generally agreed that this depends upon the elimination or treatment of the known risk factors for @entity5 . Among these, hyperlipidaemia occupies a central position. The diagnosis and treatment of this condition is the subject of this statement. Before initiating therapy for primary hyperlipidaemia the common causes of secondary hyperlipidaemia are sought and dealt with, including @entity1 , @entity9 , over-use of @entity4 , @entity6 and certain drugs. Next, an assessment of all risk factors for @entity5 is carried out, i.e. family history of @entity5 , smoking, @entity2 , high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity3 measurement, @entity1 and overweight. More intensive therapy is called for in @entity0 with multiple risk factors than in those with lone hyperlipidaemia, and also after successful bypass operation or after coronary angioplasty. Evaluation of hyperlipidaemia in the @entity0 's family is often appropriate. The diagnosis and follow-up of the hyperlipidaemic @entity0 depend on reliable and well-controlled laboratory support. The primary hyperlipidaemias include several distinct diseases that are characterized by elevated serum levels of @entity3 and/or @entity7 with or without abnormally low levels of HDL @entity3 . From these measurements, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity3 levels are calculated [except when @entity7 levels are greater than 500 mg dl-1 (5.6 mmol l-1)]. Elevated LDL levels are causally important in @entity8 , and occur in three disorders: @entity10 , @entity11 and common hypercholesterolaemia. The finding of elevated serum @entity7 without marked hypercholesterolaemia may occur in @entity10 and sometimes in @entity11 . Elevation of serum @entity3 and @entity7 can have several genetic bases, including remnant (type III) hyperlipidaemia and @entity11 . The characteristic feature of remnant (type III) hyperlipidaemia (demonstrated by ultracentrifugation in a specialized laboratory) is the presence of @entity3 and @entity7 -rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), whereas combined (mixed) hyperlipidaemia is diagnosed when both VLDL (of normal composition) and LDL levels are elevated. Investigation of other family members is necessary to make the diagnosis of @entity11 . It depends on the identification of different lipoprotein profiles in affected members of the same family.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The recognition and management of hyperlipidaemia in adults: A policy statement of the XXXX Society.

answer: @entity8


abstract: 38 @entity0 with @entity2 underwent laparotomy with splenectomy as restaging procedure after first line chemotherapy which included MOPP, ABVD, or both. 28 @entity0 were judged to be in clinical complete remission (CR) and 10 were resistant or had relapsed. Among @entity0 in CR, 27 (96%) were confirmed to be in pathological CR; among @entity0 resistant or relapsed, 9 (90%) were confirmed to have disease in the abdomen or retroperitoneum. The therapy for @entity0 in clinical remission before laparotomy consisted of TNI or sTNI in 19 @entity0 , mediastinal radiation in 6 @entity0 and no further therapy in the remaining 3 @entity0 . No significant differences were seen in survival and relapse-free survival between those @entity0 treated by extensive and those treated by local radiotherapy or no further therapy. Instead, among those @entity0 who received extensive radiotherapy 3 developed @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The therapy for this group of @entity0 consisted of further chemotherapy in 7 who had concomitant liver involvement and TNI in the remaining 3 who had the disease confined to the spleen and/or lymph nodes. Among these @entity0 , only 3 obtained CR; 2 with radiation and 1 who was resistant to MOPP, with ABVD. This study leads us to re-consider the role of laparotomy in @entity1 which should be used as non-routine procedure only in selected @entity0 without poor prognostic factors who may be cured by radiotherapy alone. In @entity0 resistant to chemotherapy, an early evaluation of disease in the abdomen may be useful for a better salvage treatment.

title: Critical value of laparotomy with splenectomy in XXXX as restaging procedure after chemotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic significance of ventricular late potentials and spontaneous @entity1 detected early after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. DESIGN: Prospective observational. SETTING: Cardiology department of a teaching hospital. METHODS: Between June 1984 and June 1991, 104 @entity0 (63 @entity0 , 41 @entity0 ) were studied by signal averaging and 24 hour ambulatory monitoring after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Mean (SD) age at operation was 6 (3) years, mean interval between operation and evaluation was 8 (25) months, and the follow up after evaluation was one to 88 (mean 30) months. RESULTS: Ventricular late potentials were detected in 24/104 @entity0 (23%) and spontaneous @entity1 in 39/96 @entity0 (38%); usually (in 81%) these were unifocal and rare. @entity0 with ventricular late potentials were older at operation than @entity0 without late potentials (9 (3) v 6 (3) years, P = 0.002). No correlation was found between the presence of ventricular late potentials and the presence or complexity of spontaneous @entity1 early after operation. During the mean follow up of 2.5 years no case of @entity2 or sustained @entity3 was found. CONCLUSION: Short-term prognosis after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot is good; ventricular late potentials and spontaneous @entity1 are often detected shortly after operation, but in the medium term follow up they do not predict @entity2 or serious @entity1 .

title: Ventricular late potentials and spontaneous XXXX after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot: do they have prognostic value?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Fundamental and clinical studies on @entity4 ( @entity5 ), a new synthetic @entity8 antibiotic, were performed and following results were obtained. Concentration of @entity5 was examined in serum, internal genital tissues and retroperitoneal fluid after a single intravenous administration of 1 g dose. The venous serum level of @entity5 was 114.0 micrograms/ml at 10 minutes after the administration, then decreased to 7.0 micrograms/ml at 3 hours. Since concentration of @entity5 in examined tissues showed wide variation, it was irrelevant to calculate transfer ratio. Concentration in retroperitoneal fluid made the peak of 40.0 +/- 22.6 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after the administration, then slowly decreased to 13.4 +/- 3.2 micrograms/ml at 6 hours. Judging from above data, the transfer of @entity5 to retroperitoneal fluid was favorable. In clinical trial, @entity5 was given to 17 cases with obstetrical and @entity0 such as @entity6 , uterine @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity7 and lymphocystitis. The efficacy was evaluated as excellent in 2 cases, good in 12 and poor in 3, and efficacy rate was 82.4%. No side effects were observed in any of the cases. In laboratory findings, transient elevation of liver function in 2 cases and @entity2 in 1 case were noticed.

title: [Fundamental and clinical studies on XXXX in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The role of cross-sectional pelvic imaging with computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and fine needle aspiration in the assessment of pelvic lymph nodes in @entity0 with @entity2 is undefined. To address this issue we used formal decision analysis, comparing an imaging arm to a no imaging arm. @entity0 utility values were calculated, and test parameters and complication rates were extracted from the literature. Imaging was superior to no imaging only when the pretest probability of pelvic lymph node @entity1 was high. The most important parameter was the sensitivity of cross-sectional imaging for lymphadenopathy. When the sensitivity was 36%, which was the baseline figure derived from the literature, the probability of lymph node @entity1 required for imaging to be beneficial overall was 32%. We also performed a retrospective review of magnetic resonance imaging examinations at our institution in 174 @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity2 and pathological confirmation of nodal status. The sensitivity for detecting nodal @entity1 was 25%. With this figure, the estimated probability of nodal @entity1 required to make imaging beneficial would be 45%, which is possible to achieve with highly selective clinical criteria. With a policy of imaging only in select @entity0 the marginal cost is  794 per @entity0 benefited (aborted radical prostatectomy because of nodal @entity1 detected with fine needle aspiration) compared to  50,661 per @entity0 benefited if all @entity0 are imaged. Thus, cross-sectional pelvic imaging before radical prostatectomy, solely for the purpose of detecting pelvic lymph node @entity1 , is not justified routinely. However, it is worthwhile on the basis of @entity0 use values and cost-effectiveness in a select group of @entity0 at high risk for nodal @entity1 .

title: The use and accuracy of cross-sectional imaging and fine needle aspiration cytology for detection of pelvic lymph node XXXX before radical prostatectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To evaluate the role of gamma delta T cells in @entity3 , we examined the relationship among @entity0 , and genetic polymorphism of the gamma chain of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in families through @entity1 . We recruited 5 families (69 subjects). Total serum IgE levels were estimated by a radioimmunosorbent test (IgE RIST). Skin prick tests were done with inhaled allergens consisting of house dust, grass and tree pollens, common molds, and animal danders. Antigen-specific IgE levels in response to these allergens were also measured by multiple antigen simultaneous test (IgE MAST). The @entity1 phenotype was determined by the presence of a positive skin test, an elevated antigen specific IgE value, an elevated total IgE level, or some combination of these. Although linkage of @entity0 to the gene encoding the gamma chain of @entity2 was excluded, the lod score between this gene and molds-specific IgE responses was 0.42 at the recombination fraction of 0.1. In an association study, a 19 kb allele of the gamma chain of the @entity2 gene was found more frequently in asthmatic subjects than in non-asthmatic subjects (p = 0.068). Also, molds-specific IgE responses were significantly associated with this allele (p = 0.018). These findings suggest that molds-specific IgE responses underlying @entity3 are partly regulated by the gene encoding the gamma chain of the @entity2 .

title: [Immunoregulatory role of gamma delta T cell receptor in XXXX --association with the IgE response to molds antigen].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity6 effectively decreases hematocrits in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We studied the effect of @entity6 withdrawal on erythropoiesis in 18 @entity0 with @entity1 who had been treated for 13 +/- 8 months. Hematocrit, reticulocyte count, plasma @entity4 , and plasma insulin-like growth factor I were measured biweekly for six weeks. Red cell mass, plasma volume, @entity2 saturation, and plasma @entity5 were measured at withdrawal and six weeks later. Hematocrit increased by at least 0.04 in 13 @entity0 ('responders') but changed by -0.08 to 0.01 in five @entity0 ('nonresponders'). In the responder subgroup, hematocrit increased from 0.43 +/- 0.05 to 0.51 +/- 0.05 (P < 0.001), red cell mass increased from 25.4 +/- 5.9 to 28.9 +/- 5.9 ml/kg body weight (P < 0.001), and @entity2 saturation decreased from 41 +/- 16 to 27 +/- 9 percent (P < 0.01). Reticulocyte count increased two weeks after withdrawal of @entity6 . Plasma volume did not change significantly. No measurement changed in the nonresponder subgroup. Plasma levels of @entity4 , total erythroid stimulating activity, insulin-like growth factor I, and @entity5 did not change significantly in either subgroup. Enalaprilat did not inhibit erythropoiesis in cell culture. Thus, erythropoiesis increased in 13 of 18 @entity0 after stopping @entity6 and was independent of changes in circulating concentrations of several erythropoietic factors, including @entity4 . The pathogenesis of @entity1 and mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of @entity3 inhibition remain undetermined.

title: Erythropoiesis after withdrawal of XXXX in post-transplant erythrocytosis.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The histological, electroencephalographic, behavioral changes as well as the changes in the intensity threshold of stimulation necessary to induce contralateral turning were studied in 16 @entity1 , in which @entity3 (KA) was injected locally into the pulvinar-lateralis posterior nucleus complex (P-LP). In 13 @entity1 a stainless-steel tube with two attached electrodes was implanted in P-LP, and electrodes were also implanted in the ipsilateral dorsal hippocampus, the superior colliculus and the caudate nucleus. KA was injected through the tube using a 10 microliters Hamilton syringe. In other 3 @entity1 , KA was injected stereotaxically through the needle of the Hamilton syringe and two electrodes were implanted in these areas after withdrawal of the syringe. The intensity thresholds of stimulation required to induce turning behavior were controlled before and after KA administration in the 13 @entity1 with an implanted tube and only after KA injections in the three @entity1 without a tube; in these instances the current threshold of the contralateral P-LP served as control. The histological results showed a moderate KA damage of the P-LP, with @entity2 and @entity4 and additional involvement, in all the experiments, of the dorsal hippocampus; however, passage fibers were spared by the lesions. A dose-dependent @entity0 effect of KA was seen, which was slight with the 3 micrograms dose and intense with 6 micrograms. The EEG recording showed a prominent and almost simultaneous @entity0 involvement of the hippocampus and the P-LP after KA, with less involvement of the other implanted structures. Turning behavior induced by electrical stimulation of the P-LP was suppressed when the electrode tip was located inside the lesioned area. When the electrode tip was placed inside a slight or moderate damaged tissue, a significative increase in current threshold was found, and finally when the tip of the electrode was outside the lesioned area no change in threshold was observed. These findings do not contradict our previous hypothesis of an intrinsic cholinergic mechanism involved in the turning response evoked by P-LP electrical stimulation, although it cannot be excluded that fibers coming presumably from the superior colliculus or pretectum may contribute to the response.

title: Morpho-functional effects of XXXX injection into the cat's pulvinar-lateralis posterior nucleus complex.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In order to investigate the prolonged @entity2 media with effusion, hydrolytic activities for specific substrates of @entity1 and plasminogen activator (P.G.-activator) and the activity for fibrin degradation (fibrinolysis) were measured. Materials were middle ear fluids of 36 cases diagnosed as @entity2 media with effusion. Age of the @entity0 were from 28 to 88 years old (mean: 61.3). Using specific substrates, determinations of P.G.-activator activity and @entity1 activity were made by the method of Claeson et al. and fibrinolysis was determined by the standard fibrin plate. The results are shown below: 1) Both activities for decomposition of @entity3 against the specific substrates of @entity1 and of P.G.-activator were revealed. 2) Concerning fibrinolysis in all cases, we divided them into 3 groups; fibrinolysis (-) group of 8 cases (22.2%) which could not dissolve fibrin at all, fibrinolysis (+) group of 17 cases (47.2%) which could dissolve fibrin. Fibrinolysis (+/-) group of 11 cases (30.6%) of which the presence of fibrin dissolution was unknown. 3) The progress of fibrinolysis was observed by serial collection of middle ear fluid in the same side ear of 5 cases out of 17 cases having much activity for fibrin degradation, and lowering of fibrinolytic activity was revealed in 4 out of these 5 cases as the result. On the basis of these results, we discussed on the process of prolongation in this disease from the standpoint of the presence of fibrinolytic activity in the middle ear fluid.

title: Fibrinolytic activity of middle ear fluid in XXXX media with effusion.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity8 -induced @entity2 was studied by light and electron microscopy (LM, EM) to determine the time course and structural features of @entity4 in the vulnerable brain regions in @entity3 . The cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus were examined after closely spaced recovery periods of up to 1 week. The results showed that acidophilic neurons appeared simultaneously in neurons of the neocortex, hippocampus and thalamus, and that this occurred within 1 h following the end of the @entity3 . The corresponding features of acidophilic neurons by EM were mitochondrial flocculent densities and large discontinuities in cell and nuclear membranes. Dark neurons were ubiquitous during the @entity3 , but recovered almost universally. A few dark neuronal forms persisted and underwent cytorrhexis after 12-h recovery or longer. Axon-sparing dendritic lesions characteristic of excitotoxic @entity4 were found in the neuropil of the neocortex, and in both vulnerable @entity5 and resistant @entity6 neurons of the hippocampus. Other than acute @entity0 , glial changes were absent. The findings support an excitotoxic mechanism in @entity3 -induced selective @entity4 also in brain regions outside the hippocampus, and contrast with previous reports in @entity1 and @entity7 in that @entity4 occurs virtually immediately after an @entity3 insult. No "maturation" of cell damage, as described in @entity1 , was seen. Furthermore, even exceedingly dark neuronal forms and massive @entity0 must be considered sub-lethal or prelethal cellular changes. Lethal cellular changes include acidophilia by LM, cell membrane breaks, and mitochondrial flocculent densities by EM.

title: The nature and timing of XXXX in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus due to @entity8 -induced @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity8 -induced @entity2 was studied by light and electron microscopy (LM, EM) to determine the time course and structural features of @entity4 in the vulnerable brain regions in @entity3 . The cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus were examined after closely spaced recovery periods of up to 1 week. The results showed that acidophilic neurons appeared simultaneously in neurons of the neocortex, hippocampus and thalamus, and that this occurred within 1 h following the end of the @entity3 . The corresponding features of acidophilic neurons by EM were mitochondrial flocculent densities and large discontinuities in cell and nuclear membranes. Dark neurons were ubiquitous during the @entity3 , but recovered almost universally. A few dark neuronal forms persisted and underwent cytorrhexis after 12-h recovery or longer. Axon-sparing dendritic lesions characteristic of excitotoxic @entity4 were found in the neuropil of the neocortex, and in both vulnerable @entity5 and resistant @entity6 neurons of the hippocampus. Other than acute @entity0 , glial changes were absent. The findings support an excitotoxic mechanism in @entity3 -induced selective @entity4 also in brain regions outside the hippocampus, and contrast with previous reports in @entity1 and @entity7 in that @entity4 occurs virtually immediately after an @entity3 insult. No "maturation" of cell damage, as described in @entity1 , was seen. Furthermore, even exceedingly dark neuronal forms and massive @entity0 must be considered sub-lethal or prelethal cellular changes. Lethal cellular changes include acidophilia by LM, cell membrane breaks, and mitochondrial flocculent densities by EM.

title: The nature and timing of @entity4 in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus due to @entity8 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity8 -induced @entity2 was studied by light and electron microscopy (LM, EM) to determine the time course and structural features of @entity4 in the vulnerable brain regions in @entity3 . The cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus were examined after closely spaced recovery periods of up to 1 week. The results showed that acidophilic neurons appeared simultaneously in neurons of the neocortex, hippocampus and thalamus, and that this occurred within 1 h following the end of the @entity3 . The corresponding features of acidophilic neurons by EM were mitochondrial flocculent densities and large discontinuities in cell and nuclear membranes. Dark neurons were ubiquitous during the @entity3 , but recovered almost universally. A few dark neuronal forms persisted and underwent cytorrhexis after 12-h recovery or longer. Axon-sparing dendritic lesions characteristic of excitotoxic @entity4 were found in the neuropil of the neocortex, and in both vulnerable @entity5 and resistant @entity6 neurons of the hippocampus. Other than acute @entity0 , glial changes were absent. The findings support an excitotoxic mechanism in @entity3 -induced selective @entity4 also in brain regions outside the hippocampus, and contrast with previous reports in @entity1 and @entity7 in that @entity4 occurs virtually immediately after an @entity3 insult. No "maturation" of cell damage, as described in @entity1 , was seen. Furthermore, even exceedingly dark neuronal forms and massive @entity0 must be considered sub-lethal or prelethal cellular changes. Lethal cellular changes include acidophilia by LM, cell membrane breaks, and mitochondrial flocculent densities by EM.

title: The nature and timing of @entity4 in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus due to XXXX -induced @entity2 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Splenectomy in @entity0 with the Norrbottnian type of @entity1 is followed by increased blood levels of @entity3 and impaired neurological and mental status. High blood levels are associated with an increased accumulation of @entity3 in perivascular Gaucher cells in the brain compared to non-splenectomised cases. Surrounding the Gaucher cell infiltrates there is loss of neurons and slight @entity2 . The brains of four cases with the Norrbottnian type of @entity1 were examined by immunohistochemical stains in an attempt to further characterize the perivascular Gaucher cells and to examine the reactions of the vessel walls and brain parenchyma to the accumulation of Gaucher cells. The perivascular storage cells showed granular staining with antibodies to muramidase and alpha 1-anti-chymotrypsin confirming that they are blood-derived macrophages belonging to the monocyte-macrophage system. The Gaucher cells contained material positive for antisera to plasma proteins strongly suggesting that large molecules (including @entity3 ) can escape from the blood and be taken up by the macrophages in @entity1 . The storage cells were surrounded by a reticulin network stained by antisera to collagen type III, type IV and laminin. The infiltrates were bounded from the brain parenchyma by a membrane strongly positive with antiserum for the basal lamina protein collagen type IV and laminin. The formation of a basal lamina around the Gaucher cell cuffs probably constitutes a protective phenomenon governing the brain parenchyma against the foreign cells. A focal loss of neurons but only minor loss of axons could be demonstrated with the antiserum to neurofilament.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reactions of vessel walls and brain parenchyma to the accumulation of Gaucher cells in the Norrbottnian type (type III) of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pediatric anesthesia-related @entity1 (ARCA) is an uncommon but potentially preventable adverse event. @entity0 and @entity0 with more severe underlying disease are at highest risk. We aimed to identify system- and anesthesiologist-related risk factors for ARCA. METHODS: We analyzed a prospectively collected @entity0 cohort data set of anesthetics administered from 2000 to 2011 to @entity0 at a large tertiary pediatric hospital. Pre-procedure systemic disease level was characterized by ASA physical status (ASA-PS). Two reviewers independently reviewed cardiac arrests and categorized their anesthesia relatedness. Factors associated with ARCA in the univariate analyses were identified for reevaluation after adjustment for @entity0 age and ASA-PS. RESULTS: @entity1 occurred in 142 of 276,209 anesthetics (incidence 5.1/10,000 anesthetics); 72 (2.6/10,000 anesthetics) were classified as anesthesia-related. In the univariate analyses, risk of ARCA was much higher in cardiac @entity0 and for anesthesiologists with lower annual caseload and/or fewer annual days delivering anesthetics (all P < 0.001). Anesthesiologists with the highest academic rank and years of experience also had higher odds of ARCA (P = 0.02). After risk adjustment for ASA-PS >= III and age  <=6 months, however, the association with lower annual days delivering anesthetics remained (P = 0.03), but the other factors were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: Case-mix explained most associations between higher risk of pediatric ARCA and anesthesiologist-related variables at our institution, but the association with fewer annual days delivering anesthetics remained. Our findings highlight the need for rigorous adjustment for @entity0 risk factors in anesthesia @entity0 safety studies.

title: Anesthesiologist- and System-Related Risk Factors for Risk-Adjusted Pediatric Anesthesia-Related XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Velocity-encoded cine-magnetic resonance imaging (VEC-MRI) is a new method for quantitation of blood flow with the potential to measure high-velocity jets across stenotic valves. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of VEC-MRI to measure transmitral velocity in @entity0 with @entity1 . Sixteen @entity0 with known @entity1 were studied. A 1.5 Tesla superconducting magnet was used to obtain velocity-encoded images in the left ventricular short-axis plane. Images were obtained throughout the cardiac cycle at 3 consecutive slices beginning proximal to the mitral coaptation point. To determine the optimal slice thickness for MRI imaging, both 10 mm and 5 mm thicknesses were used. Echocardiography including continuous-wave Doppler was performed on every @entity0 within 2 hours of MRI imaging. Peak velocity was determined for both VEC-MRI and Doppler-echo images. Two observers independently measured the VEC-MRI mitral inflow velocities. Of the 16 @entity0 , imaged data were incomplete in only 1 study, and all images were adequate for analysis. Strong correlations were found for measurements of mitral valve gradient for both 10 mm (peak r = 0.89, mean r = 0.84) and 5 mm (peak r = 0.82, mean r = 0.95) slice thicknesses. Measurements of peak velocity with VEC-MRI (10 mm) agreed well with Doppler: mean 1.46 m/s, mean of differences (Doppler MRI) 0.38 m/s, standard deviation of differences 0.2 m/s. These findings suggest that VEC-MRI can noninvasively determine the severity of @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of XXXX with velocity-encoded cine-magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A history of @entity1 is universally accepted as an indication for antepartum fetal heart rate testing. Our goal was to examine when fetal testing should begin in an otherwise healthy @entity0 with a history of @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: This is a nonconcurrent cohort study of @entity0 who were seen for antepartum surveillance from January 1979 to December 1991 with a history of @entity1 as the only indication for testing. Subsequent pregnancies were evaluated for adverse outcomes and abnormal antepartum test results. RESULTS: There was one case of recurrent @entity1 among the 300 study @entity0 . Nineteen @entity0 (6.4%) had one or more positive antepartum surveillance tests (positive contraction stress test or biophysical profile < or = 4). Three @entity0 (1%) had positive tests before 32 weeks, all of whom were subsequently delivered without incident at term. Three @entity0 were delivered for positive tests at < 36 weeks, one by cesarean section for fetal distress. We could not detect a relationship between the gestational age of the previous stillborn and the incidence of abnormal tests or fetal distress in subsequent pregnancies. CONCLUSION: Antepartum surveillance should begin at > or = 32 weeks in the healthy pregnant @entity0 with a history of @entity1 .

title: Antepartum surveillance for a history of XXXX : when to begin?

answer: @entity1


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs used for the treatment of @entity0 @entity4 is reviewed for @entity3 and @entity7 . In @entity3 , especially @entity1 and @entity15 must be regarded as useful drugs for chronic treatment on account of their elimination rate and bioavailability. @entity12 , @entity10 , @entity8 and @entity9 are eliminated so rapidly that a therapeutic value cannot be expected. In @entity7 , @entity12 , @entity1 , @entity8 and @entity13 must be regarded as suited for chronic treatment, but there is a definite lack of clinical experience. @entity1 and @entity15 are useful for treatment of @entity6 (grand mal) in @entity3 . The effect of @entity15 depends mostly on its metabolite @entity1 . Since @entity15 , given in high dosage for longer periods of time, gives rise to @entity5 , @entity1 is regarded as the drug of first choice. A @entity2 may be treated by i.v. injection of @entity13 , @entity11 , @entity12 or @entity14 . In @entity7 with grand mal, treatment with daily doses of about 1 mg/kg @entity13 may be tried. It proved effective for longer time periods without development of tolerance. There is no reliable clinical experience with other drugs in this species.

title: [Pharmacologic principles in the treatment of XXXX in the @entity3 and cat].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs used for the treatment of @entity0 @entity4 is reviewed for @entity3 and @entity7 . In @entity3 , especially @entity1 and @entity15 must be regarded as useful drugs for chronic treatment on account of their elimination rate and bioavailability. @entity12 , @entity10 , @entity8 and @entity9 are eliminated so rapidly that a therapeutic value cannot be expected. In @entity7 , @entity12 , @entity1 , @entity8 and @entity13 must be regarded as suited for chronic treatment, but there is a definite lack of clinical experience. @entity1 and @entity15 are useful for treatment of @entity6 (grand mal) in @entity3 . The effect of @entity15 depends mostly on its metabolite @entity1 . Since @entity15 , given in high dosage for longer periods of time, gives rise to @entity5 , @entity1 is regarded as the drug of first choice. A @entity2 may be treated by i.v. injection of @entity13 , @entity11 , @entity12 or @entity14 . In @entity7 with grand mal, treatment with daily doses of about 1 mg/kg @entity13 may be tried. It proved effective for longer time periods without development of tolerance. There is no reliable clinical experience with other drugs in this species.

title: [Pharmacologic principles in the treatment of @entity4 in the XXXX and cat].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Recent controversies surrounding models of modern @entity0 origins have focused on among-group variation, particularly the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the dating of population divergence. Problems in tree estimation have been seen as weakening the case for a replacement model and favoring a multiregional evolution model. There has been less discussion of patterns of within-group variation, although the mtDNA evidence has consistently shown the greatest diversity within African populations. Problems of interpretation abound given the numerous factors that can influence within-group variation, including the possibility of earlier divergence, differences in population size, patterns of population expansion, and variation in @entity1 rates. We present a model of within-group phenotypic variation and apply it to a large set of craniometric data representing major Old World geographic regions (57 measurements for 1,159 cases in four regions: Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, Australasia, and the Far East). The model predicts a linear relationship between variation within populations (the average within-group variance) and variation between populations (the genetic distance of populations to pooled phenotypic means). On a global level this relationship should hold if the long-term effective population sizes of each region are correctly specified. Other potential effects on within-group variation are accounted for by the model. Comparison of observed and expected variances under the assumption of equal effective sizes for four regions indicates significantly greater within-group variation in Africa and significantly less within-group variation in Europe. These results suggest that the long-term effective population size was greatest in Africa. Closer examination of the model suggests that the long-term African effective size was roughly three times that of any other geographic region. Using these estimates of relative population size, we present a method for analyzing ancient population structure, which provides estimates of ancient @entity1 . This method allows us to reconstruct @entity1 history between geographic regions after adjustment for the effect of genetic drift on interpopulational distances. Our results show a clear isolation of Africa from other regions. We then present a method that allows direct estimation of the ancient @entity1 matrix, thus providing us with information on the actual extent of interregional @entity1 . These methods also provide estimates of time frames necessary to reach genetic equilibrium. The ultimate goal is extracting as much information from present-day patterns of @entity0 variation relevant to issues of @entity0 origins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Craniometric variation, genetic theory, and modern XXXX origins.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: We performed a nationwide population-based cohort study to investigate the long-term risk of @entity3 after coronary artery bypass grafting in @entity0 with @entity4 1 and @entity4 2 @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: All @entity0 who underwent primary coronary artery bypass grafting in Sweden from 2000 through 2011 were included from the SWEDEHEART register. We excluded @entity0 with prior @entity3 , and @entity0 who had a @entity3 or died within 30 days of surgery. The National @entity1 Register was used to identify @entity0 with @entity4 1 and @entity4 2 @entity1 . Incident @entity3 ( @entity2 and hemorrhagic), and all-cause mortality was obtained by record linkage with the National @entity0 Register and the Cause of Death register. We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate the risk of @entity3 in relation to @entity4 of @entity1 . A total of 53 820 @entity0 ( @entity4 1 @entity1 [n=714], @entity4 2 @entity1 [n=10 054], no @entity1 [n=43 052]) were included. During a mean follow-up of 7.4 years (398 337 @entity0 -years), in total, 8.0% (n=4296) of the @entity0 had a @entity3 : 7.3% (n=52) in @entity0 with @entity4 1 @entity1 , 9.1% (n=915) in @entity0 with @entity4 2 @entity1 , and 7.7% (n=3329) in @entity0 with no @entity1 . The multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for all @entity3 was 1.59 (1.20-2.11) in @entity4 1 @entity1 , and 1.32 (1.23-1.43) in @entity4 2 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The long-term risk for @entity3 after coronary artery bypass grafting was increased in @entity0 with @entity4 1 and @entity4 2 @entity1 , compared to @entity0 with no @entity1 .

title: Long-Term Risk of XXXX in @entity0 With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: We performed a nationwide population-based cohort study to investigate the long-term risk of @entity3 after coronary artery bypass grafting in @entity0 with @entity4 1 and @entity4 2 @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: All @entity0 who underwent primary coronary artery bypass grafting in Sweden from 2000 through 2011 were included from the SWEDEHEART register. We excluded @entity0 with prior @entity3 , and @entity0 who had a @entity3 or died within 30 days of surgery. The National @entity1 Register was used to identify @entity0 with @entity4 1 and @entity4 2 @entity1 . Incident @entity3 ( @entity2 and hemorrhagic), and all-cause mortality was obtained by record linkage with the National @entity0 Register and the Cause of Death register. We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate the risk of @entity3 in relation to @entity4 of @entity1 . A total of 53 820 @entity0 ( @entity4 1 @entity1 [n=714], @entity4 2 @entity1 [n=10 054], no @entity1 [n=43 052]) were included. During a mean follow-up of 7.4 years (398 337 @entity0 -years), in total, 8.0% (n=4296) of the @entity0 had a @entity3 : 7.3% (n=52) in @entity0 with @entity4 1 @entity1 , 9.1% (n=915) in @entity0 with @entity4 2 @entity1 , and 7.7% (n=3329) in @entity0 with no @entity1 . The multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for all @entity3 was 1.59 (1.20-2.11) in @entity4 1 @entity1 , and 1.32 (1.23-1.43) in @entity4 2 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The long-term risk for @entity3 after coronary artery bypass grafting was increased in @entity0 with @entity4 1 and @entity4 2 @entity1 , compared to @entity0 with no @entity1 .

title: Long-Term Risk of @entity3 in XXXX With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Delayed @entity7 and delayed @entity6 (DIPH) are poorly understood and often fatal complications of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for these complications. METHODS: We performed a systematic review on post- @entity5 delayed @entity7 and DIPH. For each reported case, we collected the following information: @entity4 location, size and @entity2 status, type of flow diverter used, timing of the @entity6 , and neurological outcome. We reported descriptive statistics of @entity0 suffering DIPH and delayed @entity7 to determine if there were any characteristics consistently present among @entity0 with these complications. RESULTS: We identified 81 delayed @entity7 and 101 DIPH. Of the delayed @entity2 , 76.6  % (45/58) occurred within 1  month. The prognosis of delayed @entity2 was poor, with 81.3  % (61/75) experiencing @entity1 or poor neurological outcome. @entity4 accounted for 46.3  % of @entity2 (31/67). Of these @entity4 , 80.9  % (55/68) were initially unruptured. Of the delayed @entity7 , 17.8  % (13/73) had prior or concomitant coiling. DIPHs were ipsilateral to the treated @entity4 in 82.2  % (60/73) of cases. Of the DIPH, 86.0  % (43/50) occurred within 1  month after FDS. Combined morbidity/mortality rate was 68.5  % (50/73) following DIPH. Of DIPHs, 23.0  % (14/61) occurred in @entity0 with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that @entity4 represent almost 50  % of delayed @entity7 in the flow diverter literature. About 20  % of delayed @entity2 occurred despite associated coiling. A substantial proportion of DIPHs occur early following FDS treatment of @entity4 .

title: Delayed XXXX after @entity5 for @entity3 : a literature overview.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Delayed @entity7 and delayed @entity6 (DIPH) are poorly understood and often fatal complications of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for these complications. METHODS: We performed a systematic review on post- @entity5 delayed @entity7 and DIPH. For each reported case, we collected the following information: @entity4 location, size and @entity2 status, type of flow diverter used, timing of the @entity6 , and neurological outcome. We reported descriptive statistics of @entity0 suffering DIPH and delayed @entity7 to determine if there were any characteristics consistently present among @entity0 with these complications. RESULTS: We identified 81 delayed @entity7 and 101 DIPH. Of the delayed @entity2 , 76.6  % (45/58) occurred within 1  month. The prognosis of delayed @entity2 was poor, with 81.3  % (61/75) experiencing @entity1 or poor neurological outcome. @entity4 accounted for 46.3  % of @entity2 (31/67). Of these @entity4 , 80.9  % (55/68) were initially unruptured. Of the delayed @entity7 , 17.8  % (13/73) had prior or concomitant coiling. DIPHs were ipsilateral to the treated @entity4 in 82.2  % (60/73) of cases. Of the DIPH, 86.0  % (43/50) occurred within 1  month after FDS. Combined morbidity/mortality rate was 68.5  % (50/73) following DIPH. Of DIPHs, 23.0  % (14/61) occurred in @entity0 with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that @entity4 represent almost 50  % of delayed @entity7 in the flow diverter literature. About 20  % of delayed @entity2 occurred despite associated coiling. A substantial proportion of DIPHs occur early following FDS treatment of @entity4 .

title: Delayed @entity6 after XXXX for @entity3 : a literature overview.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Delayed @entity7 and delayed @entity6 (DIPH) are poorly understood and often fatal complications of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for these complications. METHODS: We performed a systematic review on post- @entity5 delayed @entity7 and DIPH. For each reported case, we collected the following information: @entity4 location, size and @entity2 status, type of flow diverter used, timing of the @entity6 , and neurological outcome. We reported descriptive statistics of @entity0 suffering DIPH and delayed @entity7 to determine if there were any characteristics consistently present among @entity0 with these complications. RESULTS: We identified 81 delayed @entity7 and 101 DIPH. Of the delayed @entity2 , 76.6  % (45/58) occurred within 1  month. The prognosis of delayed @entity2 was poor, with 81.3  % (61/75) experiencing @entity1 or poor neurological outcome. @entity4 accounted for 46.3  % of @entity2 (31/67). Of these @entity4 , 80.9  % (55/68) were initially unruptured. Of the delayed @entity7 , 17.8  % (13/73) had prior or concomitant coiling. DIPHs were ipsilateral to the treated @entity4 in 82.2  % (60/73) of cases. Of the DIPH, 86.0  % (43/50) occurred within 1  month after FDS. Combined morbidity/mortality rate was 68.5  % (50/73) following DIPH. Of DIPHs, 23.0  % (14/61) occurred in @entity0 with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that @entity4 represent almost 50  % of delayed @entity7 in the flow diverter literature. About 20  % of delayed @entity2 occurred despite associated coiling. A substantial proportion of DIPHs occur early following FDS treatment of @entity4 .

title: Delayed @entity6 after @entity5 for XXXX : a literature overview.

answer: @entity3


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity6 may be associated with @entity1 and loss of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Prospective evidence describing long-term changes in @entity1 after @entity6 is needed to further define this relationship. OBJECTIVES: To measure the change in @entity1 and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in subjects 1 year after @entity6 compared with population-based control subjects. METHODS: We studied adult @entity0 admitted to a tertiary intensive care unit (ICU) who required mechanical ventilation for at least 24 hours. We measured clinical characteristics, BTMs, and @entity1 during admission and 1 year after ICU discharge. We compared change in @entity1 to age- and sex-matched control subjects from the Geelong @entity2 Study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Sixty-six @entity0 completed @entity1 testing. @entity1 decreased significantly in the year after @entity6 at both femoral neck and anterior-posterior spine sites. The annual decrease was significantly greater in the ICU cohort compared with matched control subjects (anterior-posterior spine, -1.59%; 95% confidence interval, -2.18 to -1.01; P   <   0.001; femoral neck, -1.20%; 95% confidence interval, -1.69 to -0.70; P   <   0.001). There was a significant increase in 10-year fracture risk for major @entity4 (4.85        5.25 vs. 5.50        5.52; P   <   0.001) and @entity3 (1.57        2.40 vs. 1.79        2.69; P   =   0.001). The pattern of bone resorption markers was consistent with accelerated bone turnover. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 individuals experience a significantly greater decrease in @entity1 in the year after admission compared with population-based control subjects. Their bone turnover biomarker pattern is consistent with an increased rate of @entity5 .

title: Changes in Bone Mineral Density in the Year after XXXX .

answer: @entity6