abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are often first identified and diagnosed with @entity1 during pregnancy. Genetics and @entity4 play an important role in determining fetal size in @entity3 pregnancies. The principal objective of the current study is to determine the outcomes and clinical management of @entity4 in pregnancies complicated by @entity7 gene ( @entity7 ) and @entity5 @entity3 mutations. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of 37 @entity0 with a @entity7 / @entity5 mutation was conducted. Data on variables such as birthweight, mode of delivery, and the treatment of @entity4 were available on 89 pregnancies. RESULTS: The birthweight in unaffected @entity7 offspring was significantly higher than in the affected @entity7 offspring (4.8 [4.1-5.2] kg vs  3.2 [3.1-3.7] kg; P  = .01). Seven-point home blood @entity2 monitoring over a 7-day period in each trimester demonstrated higher fasting and postprandial glycemic excursions in the first trimester of @entity7 pregnancies when compared to @entity5 pregnancies (fasting 104 [90-115] mg/dL vs 84 [77-88] mg/dL; P  = .01 and postprandial 154 [135-196] mg/dL vs 111 [100-131] mg/dL; P  = .04) despite insulin treatment. There was a higher percentage of miscarriages in the @entity7 group when compared to the @entity5 @entity3 group (33.3% vs 14%; P  = .07), which was similar to the background population. Insulin initiated at an early gestation appeared to lower the incidence of @entity6 in @entity7 unaffected offspring. CONCLUSION: @entity4 in @entity5 pregnancies is easily managed with current insulin protocols; in contrast, glycemic excursions are difficult to manage in @entity7 pregnancies. There was an increased percentage of miscarriages in @entity7 pregnancies highlighting the importance of a diagnosis of @entity7 - @entity3 in @entity0 prior to conception and the necessity for preconception care.

title: The clinical management of XXXX in pregnancy complicated by @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are often first identified and diagnosed with @entity1 during pregnancy. Genetics and @entity4 play an important role in determining fetal size in @entity3 pregnancies. The principal objective of the current study is to determine the outcomes and clinical management of @entity4 in pregnancies complicated by @entity7 gene ( @entity7 ) and @entity5 @entity3 mutations. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of 37 @entity0 with a @entity7 / @entity5 mutation was conducted. Data on variables such as birthweight, mode of delivery, and the treatment of @entity4 were available on 89 pregnancies. RESULTS: The birthweight in unaffected @entity7 offspring was significantly higher than in the affected @entity7 offspring (4.8 [4.1-5.2] kg vs  3.2 [3.1-3.7] kg; P  = .01). Seven-point home blood @entity2 monitoring over a 7-day period in each trimester demonstrated higher fasting and postprandial glycemic excursions in the first trimester of @entity7 pregnancies when compared to @entity5 pregnancies (fasting 104 [90-115] mg/dL vs 84 [77-88] mg/dL; P  = .01 and postprandial 154 [135-196] mg/dL vs 111 [100-131] mg/dL; P  = .04) despite insulin treatment. There was a higher percentage of miscarriages in the @entity7 group when compared to the @entity5 @entity3 group (33.3% vs 14%; P  = .07), which was similar to the background population. Insulin initiated at an early gestation appeared to lower the incidence of @entity6 in @entity7 unaffected offspring. CONCLUSION: @entity4 in @entity5 pregnancies is easily managed with current insulin protocols; in contrast, glycemic excursions are difficult to manage in @entity7 pregnancies. There was an increased percentage of miscarriages in @entity7 pregnancies highlighting the importance of a diagnosis of @entity7 - @entity3 in @entity0 prior to conception and the necessity for preconception care.

title: The clinical management of @entity4 in pregnancy complicated by XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the incremental, comparative effectiveness ( @entity0 @entity3 ) and cost effectiveness (financial @entity3 ) associated with 0.3-mg intravitreal ranibizumab injection therapy versus sham therapy for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). DESIGN: Value-Based Medicine (Center for Value-Based Medicine, Flourtown, PA) 14-year, cost-utility analysis using @entity0 preferences and 2012 United States real dollars. @entity0 : Published data from the identical Ranibizumab Injection in Subjects with Clinically Significant @entity4 with Center Involvement Secondary to @entity1 (RISE and RIDE) clinical trials. METHODS: An incremental cost-utility analysis was performed using societal and third-party insurer cost perspectives. Costs and outcomes were discounted with net present value analysis at 3% per annum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incremental comparative effectiveness was measured in: (1) quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gain and (2) percent @entity0 value (quality-of-life) gain. Cost effectiveness was quantified with the cost-utility ratio (CUR) measured as  /QALY. RESULTS: The 14-year, incremental @entity0 @entity3 conferred by intravitreal ranibizumab therapy for @entity1 was 0.9981 QALY, equating to an 11.6% improvement in quality of life. The direct, ophthalmic medical cost for ranibizumab therapy in 1 eye was  30 116, whereas for 2 eyes it was  56 336. The direct, nonophthalmic, medical costs saved from decreased @entity2 , injury, skilled nursing facility admissions, nursing home admissions, and other vision-associated costs totaled  51 758, resulting in an overall direct medical cost of  4578. The net mean societal cost for bilateral ranibizumab therapy was  - 30 807. Of this total, decreased caregiver costs accrued a  31 406 savings against the direct medical costs, whereas decreased wage losses accrued a  3978 savings. The third-party insurer CUR for bilateral ranibizumab therapy was  4587/QALY. The societal cost perspective for bilateral therapy was  - 30 807/QALY, indicating that ranibizumab therapy dominated sham therapy because it conferred both a positive QALY gain of 0.9981 and a financial @entity3 (positive financial return on investment) of  30 807 referent to the direct ophthalmic medical costs expended. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal ranibizumab therapy for the treatment of @entity4 confers considerable @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity3 . It also accrues financial value to @entity0 , public and private insurers, and society.

title: The Cost-Effectiveness of Ranibizumab for the Treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) using stent-retrievers has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment in @entity1 ( @entity1 ), particularly in large vessel occlusion. Other than @entity0 characteristics, time to recanalization is the most important factor linked to outcome. @entity2 is usually performed in a dedicated angiography suite using a floor- and/or ceiling-mounted biplane angiographic system. Here we report our first experience of @entity2 with a new combined CT and mobile C-arm X-ray device setup. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 underwent @entity1 imaging (non-contrast enhanced CT, CT perfusion, and CT angiography) using a commercially available 64-slice CT scanner which was modified for combined use with a C-arm system. In @entity0 with large vessel occlusion, @entity2 was conducted without further @entity0 transfer within the CT imaging suite using a mobile C-arm X-ray device equipped with a 30*30   cm (12*12   inch), 1.5*1.5   k full-view flat detector which was positioned between the gantry and @entity0 table. The safety and feasibility of this new system was assessed in preliminary @entity0 . RESULTS: Angiographic imaging quality of the mobile C-arm was feasible and satisfactory for diagnostic angiography and @entity2 . Using this setup, time between @entity1 imaging and groin puncture (picture-to-puncture time) was reduced by up to 35 min (including time for preparation of the @entity0 such as intubation). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 using a combined CT/C-arm system is safe and feasible. The potential advantages, particularly time saving and ensuing improvement in @entity0 outcome, need to be assessed in a larger study.

title: XXXX using a combined CT/C-arm X-ray system.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sixty-eight cases (44 males, 24 females) of anterior segment @entity4 are reviewed. Five @entity0 had no rise in intraocular pressure, 38 had @entity5 and 25 had @entity2 as shown by optic disc cupping and field loss. All cases had heavy deposition of pigment in the drainage angle together with Krukenberg spindles and/or light reflux through the iris. Other evidence of anterior segment pigment dispersal was common. The condition was commonest in young adult males, but could present at any age and in @entity0 . Medical treatment was often successful initially, but continued to control pressure in only 17 of 42 @entity0 . Laser trabeculoplasty helped some @entity0 . Drainage operations of various types were successful in 19 of 23 cases. Iris angiography showed evidence of vascular hypoperfusion of the iris which probably precedes pigment dispersal and suggests that the ultimate aetiology may be a @entity3 of the mesodermal support tissues of the iris. Some degree of iris @entity1 is also common and may become marked. Pigment dispersal from the pigment epithelium of the iris occurs in susceptible individuals and may be associated with the insertion of the dilator muscle. The term anterior segment pigment dispersal seems appropriate as the condition is limited to the anterior segment.

title: Pigmentary glaucoma: a clinical review of anterior segment XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dopaminergic agonists (DAs) are widely used to treat motor symptoms in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The differential effect of DAs on neuropsychiatric symptoms of @entity2 has not been accurately studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study of 515 non-demented @entity2 @entity0 receiving treatment with @entity3 [n = 250, monotherapy or with @entity4 ( @entity4 )], @entity5 (n = 150, monotherapy or with @entity4 ), or @entity4 (n = 115, monotherapy); all formulations were immediate release. Neuropsychiatric disturbances were assessed through the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Groups were matched in terms of age, education, sex, disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr), disease duration, executive function, total @entity4 daily equivalent dose, and concomitant psychotropic medications (antidepressants, anxiolytics and antipsychotic agents). RESULTS: @entity0 on @entity3 showed significantly lower total NPI scores than @entity0 on @entity5 (17.2    11 vs. 20.9    13, p = 0.015). Regarding the spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms, @entity3 was associated with significantly lower apathy scores than the @entity4 group (1.01    1.7 vs. 1.87    2.93, p = 0.02). The frequency of @entity0 with clinically meaningful symptoms of apathy (NPI apathy scores >=  4) was significantly lower in the @entity3 group (11.2 %) than in the @entity5 (20.3 %) and @entity4 (23.8 %) groups (   (2) 12.49, p = 0.002). No other significant differences were found in NPI subscores between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first head-to-head comparative study of the effect of DAs on @entity1 in @entity2 that has controlled the sample for the most important confounding factors. In comparable groups of @entity0 , the use of @entity3 seems to be associated with a lower frequency and severity of apathetic symptoms.

title: Head-to-Head Comparison of the Neuropsychiatric Effect of Dopamine Agonists in XXXX : A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study in Non-demented @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dopaminergic agonists (DAs) are widely used to treat motor symptoms in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The differential effect of DAs on neuropsychiatric symptoms of @entity2 has not been accurately studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study of 515 non-demented @entity2 @entity0 receiving treatment with @entity3 [n = 250, monotherapy or with @entity4 ( @entity4 )], @entity5 (n = 150, monotherapy or with @entity4 ), or @entity4 (n = 115, monotherapy); all formulations were immediate release. Neuropsychiatric disturbances were assessed through the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Groups were matched in terms of age, education, sex, disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr), disease duration, executive function, total @entity4 daily equivalent dose, and concomitant psychotropic medications (antidepressants, anxiolytics and antipsychotic agents). RESULTS: @entity0 on @entity3 showed significantly lower total NPI scores than @entity0 on @entity5 (17.2    11 vs. 20.9    13, p = 0.015). Regarding the spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms, @entity3 was associated with significantly lower apathy scores than the @entity4 group (1.01    1.7 vs. 1.87    2.93, p = 0.02). The frequency of @entity0 with clinically meaningful symptoms of apathy (NPI apathy scores >=  4) was significantly lower in the @entity3 group (11.2 %) than in the @entity5 (20.3 %) and @entity4 (23.8 %) groups (   (2) 12.49, p = 0.002). No other significant differences were found in NPI subscores between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first head-to-head comparative study of the effect of DAs on @entity1 in @entity2 that has controlled the sample for the most important confounding factors. In comparable groups of @entity0 , the use of @entity3 seems to be associated with a lower frequency and severity of apathetic symptoms.

title: Head-to-Head Comparison of the Neuropsychiatric Effect of Dopamine Agonists in @entity2 : A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study in Non-demented XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Opioids are increasingly used in the elderly. Side effects differ compared to other analgesics. PURPOSE: In this review article, special aspects about using opioids for noncancer @entity2 in older @entity0 and in geriatric @entity0 are identified. CURRENT SITUATION: So far randomized controlled trials for the indication of and comparison between various opioids have been performed in middle-aged @entity0 and not exclusively in geriatric @entity0 or elderly (>   75  years). Furthermore, the evidence for multimorbid elderly @entity0 with respect to side effects is also very poor. RECOMMENDATIONS: The indication for opioid therapy should be narrow. The @entity0 and their caregivers must be provided @entity0 information regarding opioid therapy. The principle "start low, go slow" is highly recommended. To reduce the risk of falls, longer acting opioids should be used and short acting opioids should be avoided. Everyday relevant negative effects on cognition are possible in opioid use and have to be observed. As recommended in the recently published German guideline for long-term use of opioids in noncancer @entity2 a critical check after 3  months and in case of dosing over 120  mg @entity3 equivalents is advisable, especially for older @entity0 . @entity1 and drug interactions have to be taken into consideration like in every age group.

title: [Opioids for noncancer XXXX in the elderly].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Integrated vector management (IVM) is recommended as a sustainable approach to @entity2 control. IVM consists of combining vector control methods based on scientific evidence to maximize efficacy and cost-effectiveness while minimizing negative impacts, such as insecticide resistance and environmental damage. Zooprophylaxis has been identified as a possible component of IVM as livestock may draw mosquitoes away from @entity0 , decreasing @entity0 -vector contact and @entity2 transmission. It is possible, however, that livestock may actually draw mosquitoes to @entity0 , increasing @entity2 transmission (zoopotentiation). The goal of this paper is to take a realist approach to a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature to understand the contexts under which zooprophylaxis or zoopotentiation occur. METHODS: Three electronic databases were searched using the keywords 'zooprophylaxis' and 'zoopotentiation', and forward and backward citation tracking employed, to identify relevant articles. Only empirical, peer-reviewed articles were included. Critical appraisal was applied to articles retained for full review. RESULTS: Twenty empirical studies met inclusion criteria after critical appraisal. A range of experimental and observational study designs were reported. Outcome measures included @entity0 @entity1 and mosquito feeding behaviour. Two key factors were consistently associated with zooprophylaxis and zoopotentiation: the characteristics of the local mosquito vector, and the location of livestock relative to @entity0 sleeping quarters. These associations were modified by the use of bed nets and socio-economic factors. DISCUSSION: This review suggests that @entity2 risk is reduced (zooprophylaxis) in areas where predominant mosquito species do not prefer @entity0 hosts, where livestock are kept at a distance from @entity0 sleeping quarters at night, and where mosquito nets or other protective measures are used. Zoopotentiation occurs where livestock are housed within or near @entity0 sleeping quarters at night and where mosquito species prefer @entity0 hosts. CONCLUSION: The evidence suggests that zooprophylaxis could be part of an effective strategy to reduce @entity2 transmission under specific ecological and geographical conditions. The current scientific evidence base is inconclusive on understanding the role of socio-economic factors, optimal distance between livestock and @entity0 sleeping quarters, and the effect of animal species and number on zooprophylaxis.

title: A systematic, realist review of zooprophylaxis for XXXX control.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The @entity5 ( @entity5 ) secondary to @entity9 ( @entity9 ) was reported to be relevant to a higher incidence of @entity6 , which would result in poorer outcomes for @entity0 with @entity9 . However, the mechanisms responsible for this relationship remain poorly characterized. Thus, this study was designed to further explore the development and progression of @entity6 after secondary @entity5 . METHODS: Autologous blood injection model was induced to mimic @entity9 with ventricular extension ( @entity9 / @entity5 ) or primary @entity5 in @entity2 . Magnetic resonance imaging, Morris water maze, brain water content, Evans blue extravasation, immunohistochemistry staining, Western blot, @entity4 determination, and electron microscopy were used in these @entity2 . Then, @entity11 treatment was used to clarify the involvement of @entity4 in the development of @entity6 . RESULTS: Despite the injection of equivalent blood volumes, @entity9 / @entity5 resulted in more significant @entity10 , @entity1 , and @entity4 overload, as well as more severe early @entity8 and @entity3 compared with @entity5 alone. Systemic @entity11 treatment more effectively reduced ventricular enlargement in @entity9 / @entity5 compared with primary @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that @entity9 / @entity5 caused more significant chronic @entity6 and @entity4 accumulation than primary @entity5 alone. Intracerebral @entity7 plays a vital role in persistent @entity4 overload and aggravated @entity6 after @entity9 / @entity5 .

title: XXXX Contributes to @entity6 After Intraventricular Hemorrhage via Aggravating @entity4 Accumulation.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The @entity5 ( @entity5 ) secondary to @entity9 ( @entity9 ) was reported to be relevant to a higher incidence of @entity6 , which would result in poorer outcomes for @entity0 with @entity9 . However, the mechanisms responsible for this relationship remain poorly characterized. Thus, this study was designed to further explore the development and progression of @entity6 after secondary @entity5 . METHODS: Autologous blood injection model was induced to mimic @entity9 with ventricular extension ( @entity9 / @entity5 ) or primary @entity5 in @entity2 . Magnetic resonance imaging, Morris water maze, brain water content, Evans blue extravasation, immunohistochemistry staining, Western blot, @entity4 determination, and electron microscopy were used in these @entity2 . Then, @entity11 treatment was used to clarify the involvement of @entity4 in the development of @entity6 . RESULTS: Despite the injection of equivalent blood volumes, @entity9 / @entity5 resulted in more significant @entity10 , @entity1 , and @entity4 overload, as well as more severe early @entity8 and @entity3 compared with @entity5 alone. Systemic @entity11 treatment more effectively reduced ventricular enlargement in @entity9 / @entity5 compared with primary @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that @entity9 / @entity5 caused more significant chronic @entity6 and @entity4 accumulation than primary @entity5 alone. Intracerebral @entity7 plays a vital role in persistent @entity4 overload and aggravated @entity6 after @entity9 / @entity5 .

title: @entity9 Contributes to XXXX After Intraventricular Hemorrhage via Aggravating @entity4 Accumulation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The @entity5 ( @entity5 ) secondary to @entity9 ( @entity9 ) was reported to be relevant to a higher incidence of @entity6 , which would result in poorer outcomes for @entity0 with @entity9 . However, the mechanisms responsible for this relationship remain poorly characterized. Thus, this study was designed to further explore the development and progression of @entity6 after secondary @entity5 . METHODS: Autologous blood injection model was induced to mimic @entity9 with ventricular extension ( @entity9 / @entity5 ) or primary @entity5 in @entity2 . Magnetic resonance imaging, Morris water maze, brain water content, Evans blue extravasation, immunohistochemistry staining, Western blot, @entity4 determination, and electron microscopy were used in these @entity2 . Then, @entity11 treatment was used to clarify the involvement of @entity4 in the development of @entity6 . RESULTS: Despite the injection of equivalent blood volumes, @entity9 / @entity5 resulted in more significant @entity10 , @entity1 , and @entity4 overload, as well as more severe early @entity8 and @entity3 compared with @entity5 alone. Systemic @entity11 treatment more effectively reduced ventricular enlargement in @entity9 / @entity5 compared with primary @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that @entity9 / @entity5 caused more significant chronic @entity6 and @entity4 accumulation than primary @entity5 alone. Intracerebral @entity7 plays a vital role in persistent @entity4 overload and aggravated @entity6 after @entity9 / @entity5 .

title: @entity9 Contributes to @entity6 After Intraventricular Hemorrhage via Aggravating XXXX Accumulation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 is a congenital condition characterized by an abnormally short, thickened, or tight lingual frenulum that restricts tongue mobility. The objective of this study was to systematically review literature on surgical and nonsurgical treatments for @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Medline, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Embase were searched up to August 2014. Two reviewers independently assessed studies against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted data regarding @entity0 and intervention characteristics and outcomes and assigned quality and strength-of-evidence ratings. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies reported breastfeeding effectiveness outcomes (5 randomized controlled trials [RCTs], 1 retrospective cohort, and 23 case series). Four RCTs reported improvements in breastfeeding efficacy by using either maternally reported or observer ratings, whereas 2 RCTs found no improvement with observer ratings. Although mothers consistently reported improved effectiveness after frenotomy, outcome measures were heterogeneous and short-term. Based on current literature, the strength of the evidence (confidence in the estimate of effect) for this issue is low. We included comparative studies published in English. The evidence base is limited, consisting of small studies, short-term outcomes, and little information to characterize @entity0 adequately. No studies addressed nonsurgical interventions, longer-term breastfeeding or growth outcomes, or surgical intervention compared with other approaches to improve breastfeeding, such as lactation consultation. CONCLUSIONS: A small body of evidence suggests that frenotomy may be associated with mother-reported improvements in breastfeeding, and potentially in @entity1 , but with small, short-term studies with inconsistent methodology, strength of the evidence is low to insufficient.

title: Treatment of XXXX and Breastfeeding Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The gene @entity10 encodes the @entity7 cotransporter electrogenic 2, which is located in the distal nephron. Genetically deleting @entity7 cotransporter electrogenic 2 (knockout) causes @entity5 -retention and @entity1 , a phenotype that is diminished with alkali loading. We performed experiments with acid-loaded @entity0 and determined whether overactive epithelial @entity5 channels ( @entity9 ) or the @entity6 cotransporter causes the @entity5 retention and @entity1 in knockout. In untreated @entity0 , the mean arterial pressure was higher in knockout, compared with @entity2 ( @entity2 ); however, treatment with @entity8 , a blocker of @entity9 , abolished this difference. In contrast, @entity3 , an inhibitor of @entity6 cotransporter, decreased mean arterial pressure in @entity2 , but not knockout. Western blots showed that quantity of plasmalemmal full-length @entity9 -a was significantly higher in knockout than in @entity2 . @entity8 treatment caused a 2-fold greater increase in @entity5 excretion in knockout, compared with @entity2 . In knockout, but not @entity2 , @entity8 treatment decreased plasma [ @entity5 ] and urinary @entity4 excretion, but increased hematocrit and plasma [ @entity4 ] significantly. Micropuncture with microelectrodes showed that the [ @entity4 ] was significantly higher and the transepithelial potential (Vte) was significantly lower in the late distal tubule of the knockout compared with @entity2 . The reduced Vte in knockout was @entity8 sensitive and therefore revealed an upregulation of electrogenic @entity9 -mediated @entity5 reabsorption in this segment. These results show that, in the absence of @entity7 cotransporter electrogenic 2 in the late distal tubule, acid-loaded @entity0 exhibit disinhibition of @entity9 -mediated @entity5 reabsorption, which results in @entity5 retention, @entity4 wasting, and @entity1 .

title: Increased Epithelial Sodium Channel Activity Contributes to XXXX Caused by @entity7 - Cotransporter Electrogenic 2 Deficiency.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The gene @entity10 encodes the @entity7 cotransporter electrogenic 2, which is located in the distal nephron. Genetically deleting @entity7 cotransporter electrogenic 2 (knockout) causes @entity5 -retention and @entity1 , a phenotype that is diminished with alkali loading. We performed experiments with acid-loaded @entity0 and determined whether overactive epithelial @entity5 channels ( @entity9 ) or the @entity6 cotransporter causes the @entity5 retention and @entity1 in knockout. In untreated @entity0 , the mean arterial pressure was higher in knockout, compared with @entity2 ( @entity2 ); however, treatment with @entity8 , a blocker of @entity9 , abolished this difference. In contrast, @entity3 , an inhibitor of @entity6 cotransporter, decreased mean arterial pressure in @entity2 , but not knockout. Western blots showed that quantity of plasmalemmal full-length @entity9 -a was significantly higher in knockout than in @entity2 . @entity8 treatment caused a 2-fold greater increase in @entity5 excretion in knockout, compared with @entity2 . In knockout, but not @entity2 , @entity8 treatment decreased plasma [ @entity5 ] and urinary @entity4 excretion, but increased hematocrit and plasma [ @entity4 ] significantly. Micropuncture with microelectrodes showed that the [ @entity4 ] was significantly higher and the transepithelial potential (Vte) was significantly lower in the late distal tubule of the knockout compared with @entity2 . The reduced Vte in knockout was @entity8 sensitive and therefore revealed an upregulation of electrogenic @entity9 -mediated @entity5 reabsorption in this segment. These results show that, in the absence of @entity7 cotransporter electrogenic 2 in the late distal tubule, acid-loaded @entity0 exhibit disinhibition of @entity9 -mediated @entity5 reabsorption, which results in @entity5 retention, @entity4 wasting, and @entity1 .

title: Increased Epithelial Sodium Channel Activity Contributes to @entity1 Caused by XXXX - Cotransporter Electrogenic 2 Deficiency.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic effects of @entity2 fractures of the tibial plateau through a modified anterolateral approach. METHODS: From February 2011 to January 2012,13 @entity0 with @entity2 fractures of the tibial plateau were treated through a modified anterolateral approach. There were 8 males and 5 females, ranging in age from 28 to 59 years old (49.2 years old on average). Data from @entity0 were collected retrospectively as follows: X-ray, time of @entity1 healing and the complications of @entity1 healing. The @entity0 were evaluated both clinically and radiologically according to the Rasmussen score system. RESULTS: All the @entity0 were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 to 18 months (mean 13.7 months). All the @entity0 got bony union. The average radiographic bony union time was 15.1 weeks (ranged, 11 to 17 weeks). No case of secondary articular @entity2 was found. No complications such as @entity3 were found. But 1 @entity0 had superficial infection and 1 @entity0 had common @entity4 . According to the Rasmussen score system,the mean radiological score was 16.50    0.67 (ranged, 13 to 18), and the mean functional score was 25.20    2.21 (ranged, 13 to 30). The mean range of knee motion was (125.3    9.3)   (ranged, 0   to 135  ). CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity2 fractures of posterolateral tibial plateau with a modified anterolateral approach is a safe method with effective exposure, due to its stable fixation and relatively good outcome with minimal soft-tissue complications. It is regarded as an ideal procedure for @entity2 fractures of posterolateral tibial plateau.

title: [Treatment of XXXX fractures of posterolateral tibial plateau through a modified anterolateral approach].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Different regimens containing @entity1 have been tried in treating @entity3 @entity0 . In our study we have studied three regimens. Regimen I consists of treating @entity0 with @entity1 600 mg once a month for six months combined with @entity2 100mg daily and treatment is stopped at six months. Regimen II is same as regimen I except that instead of stopping treatment at the end of six months the treatment was continued with @entity2 100 mg daily for another six months and treatment was stopped at one year. Regimen III is the same as recommended by I.A.L. in which treatment is started with @entity1 600 mg daily for seven days in the first month to be followed by @entity1 600 mg once a month for five more months. This is combined with @entity2 100mg daily for one year. Treatment in this group is also stopped at one year. Eighty one @entity0 in Regimen I, thirty five @entity0 in Regimen II and sixty three @entity0 in Regimen III completed the six month treatment. It was found that the inactivation index in all the three regimens was nearly the same.

title: Chemotherapeutic trials with different regimens containing XXXX in @entity3 cases--a preliminary report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Different regimens containing @entity1 have been tried in treating @entity3 @entity0 . In our study we have studied three regimens. Regimen I consists of treating @entity0 with @entity1 600 mg once a month for six months combined with @entity2 100mg daily and treatment is stopped at six months. Regimen II is same as regimen I except that instead of stopping treatment at the end of six months the treatment was continued with @entity2 100 mg daily for another six months and treatment was stopped at one year. Regimen III is the same as recommended by I.A.L. in which treatment is started with @entity1 600 mg daily for seven days in the first month to be followed by @entity1 600 mg once a month for five more months. This is combined with @entity2 100mg daily for one year. Treatment in this group is also stopped at one year. Eighty one @entity0 in Regimen I, thirty five @entity0 in Regimen II and sixty three @entity0 in Regimen III completed the six month treatment. It was found that the inactivation index in all the three regimens was nearly the same.

title: Chemotherapeutic trials with different regimens containing @entity1 in XXXX cases--a preliminary report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether intakes of @entity5 , @entity3 , casein and whey are associated with @entity4 and to investigate the possibility of interactions between them. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. An Internet-based, 267-item FFQ was used to assess dietary intake. Intakes of casein (32  0 g/d), whey proteins (9  6 g/d) and @entity3 (5  8  g/d) were classified as within v. above the 50th percentile. @entity5 intake was classified as within v. below age-specific recommendations. Severe @entity4 was defined as having >= 2 inter-proximal sites with clinical attachment loss >= 6 mm (not on the same tooth) and >= 1 inter-proximal site with pocket depth >= 5 mm. Since @entity3 influences @entity5 absorption, models were stratified by lower and higher (<5  8 v. >= 5  8   g/d) @entity3 intake. SETTING: Danish Health Examination Survey (DANHES) 2007-2008. SUBJECTS: Adult @entity0 (n 3287) in the oral health study of DANHES 2007-2008. RESULTS: Intakes of @entity5 within recommendations (OR=0  76; 95 % CI 0  58, 0  99), whey >= 9  6 g/d (OR=0  75; 95 % CI 0  58, 0  97) and casein >= 32 g/d (OR=0  75 95 % CI 0  58, 0  97) were associated with lower likelihood of severe @entity4 after adjustment for age, gender, education, smoking, sucrose intake, @entity2 consumption, number of teeth, daily brushing, regular visits to the dentist and @entity1 , irrespective of @entity3 intake levels. Intake of @entity3 alone was not associated severe with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Intakes of @entity5 , casein and whey protein were inversely associated with @entity4 . Consumption of foods rich in @entity5 , casein and whey (e.g. dairy foods) should be promoted, as they may contribute to the prevention of @entity4 . Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm these associations.

title: Calcium, XXXX , casein and whey protein intakes and @entity4 among Danish adults.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether intakes of @entity5 , @entity3 , casein and whey are associated with @entity4 and to investigate the possibility of interactions between them. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. An Internet-based, 267-item FFQ was used to assess dietary intake. Intakes of casein (32  0 g/d), whey proteins (9  6 g/d) and @entity3 (5  8  g/d) were classified as within v. above the 50th percentile. @entity5 intake was classified as within v. below age-specific recommendations. Severe @entity4 was defined as having >= 2 inter-proximal sites with clinical attachment loss >= 6 mm (not on the same tooth) and >= 1 inter-proximal site with pocket depth >= 5 mm. Since @entity3 influences @entity5 absorption, models were stratified by lower and higher (<5  8 v. >= 5  8   g/d) @entity3 intake. SETTING: Danish Health Examination Survey (DANHES) 2007-2008. SUBJECTS: Adult @entity0 (n 3287) in the oral health study of DANHES 2007-2008. RESULTS: Intakes of @entity5 within recommendations (OR=0  76; 95 % CI 0  58, 0  99), whey >= 9  6 g/d (OR=0  75; 95 % CI 0  58, 0  97) and casein >= 32 g/d (OR=0  75 95 % CI 0  58, 0  97) were associated with lower likelihood of severe @entity4 after adjustment for age, gender, education, smoking, sucrose intake, @entity2 consumption, number of teeth, daily brushing, regular visits to the dentist and @entity1 , irrespective of @entity3 intake levels. Intake of @entity3 alone was not associated severe with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Intakes of @entity5 , casein and whey protein were inversely associated with @entity4 . Consumption of foods rich in @entity5 , casein and whey (e.g. dairy foods) should be promoted, as they may contribute to the prevention of @entity4 . Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm these associations.

title: Calcium, @entity3 , casein and whey protein intakes and XXXX among Danish adults.

answer: @entity4


abstract: This article focuses on the associated signs and symptoms of @entity0 with partial agenesis of the @entity4 . The orodental manifestations of such cases have been given special weightage which will prove to be of great help to oral physician when encountered with such cases. CASE DETAILS: Two siblings, aged 14 and 16 years, reported with a chief complaint of severe @entity3 with mouth breathing habit. They were low birth-weight babies and had been born to non-consanguinous parents. The distinguishing features of these @entity0 were @entity2 , delayed developmental milestones, mild @entity1 and abnormal gait. The nosological features and the clinical manifestations of this syndrome and the plausible autosomal recessive inheritance of this rare syndrome have been elicited. The diagnosis was based on characteristic phenotype, in particular striking craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities and neuroimaging. CONCLUSION: It is a challenge for healthcare professionals to help these youths to maximize their potential as @entity0 beings and help them achieve a meaningful adulthood. On the other hand, diagnosing such cases can be a challenge to dentistry. A systematic protocol, if adhered, can lead to a more appropriate diagnosis. Managing such cases in a clinical setup involves a multispeciality and interdisciplinary approach.

title: Orodental manifestations in cases with partial agenesis of XXXX -rare phenomena.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: A lack of an aetiologically based nosology classification has contributed to instability in psychiatric diagnoses over time. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic stability of @entity2 diagnoses using data from an incidence sample of @entity2 cases, followed up after 10 years and to examine those baseline variables which were associated with diagnostic change. METHOD: Data were examined from the   SOP and   SOP-10 studies, an incidence and follow-up study, respectively, of a population-based cohort of first-episode @entity2 cases from two sites. Diagnosis was assigned using @entity3 -10 and DSM-IV-TR. Diagnostic change was examined using prospective and retrospective consistency. Baseline variables associated with change were examined using logistic regression and likelihood ratio tests. RESULTS: Slightly more (59.6%) cases had the same baseline and lifetime @entity3 -10 diagnosis compared with DSM-IV-TR (55.3%), but prospective and retrospective consistency was similar. @entity0 , @entity1 and drug-induced @entity2 were more prospectively consistent than other diagnoses. A substantial number of cases with other diagnoses at baseline ( @entity3 -10, n = 61; DSM-IV-TR, n = 76) were classified as having @entity0 at 10 years. Many variables were associated with change to @entity0 but few with overall change in diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnoses other than @entity0 should to be regarded as potentially provisional.

title: Diagnostic change 10 years after a first episode of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The protective effect of colonoscopy against proximal @entity2 is variable and depends on the detection and complete removal of @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: To estimate the efficacy of colonoscopy in a medical center with open-access screening colonoscopy since  1998. DESIGN: Nested case-control study with incidence density sampling. SETTING: University-affiliated Veterans Affairs Medical Center. @entity0 : @entity2 ( @entity2 ) cases and control subjects selected from screening age @entity0 matched by age, gender, and date of first primary care visit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: Colonoscopy preceding the @entity2 diagnosis date. RESULTS: A total of 20.2% of @entity2 cases had a colonoscopy in the preceding 10 years compared with 49.0% of control subjects (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], .20; 95% confidence interval [CI], .11-.34). Colonoscopy was strongly associated with decreased odds of both distal @entity2 (aOR, .16; 95% CI, .07-.34) and proximal @entity2 (aOR, .26; 95% CI, .11-.58). The fraction of cases @entity1 was 10.5%. Missed lesions predominantly localized to the cecum and rectum, and recurrent lesions clustered in the hepatic flexure. Cecal intubation rate was 93% (98% in adequately prepped @entity0 ), and the @entity4 detection rate was 45.2% in the control group. LIMITATIONS: Single-center, retrospective case-control design. CONCLUSION: In an open access colonoscopy program characterized by a high cecal intubation rate and @entity4 detection rate, colonoscopy was strongly associated with reduced odds of both distal and proximal @entity2 . Among @entity1 , @entity3 clustered in the cecum and rectum and recurrent lesions in the hepatic flexure.

title: Protective association of colonoscopy against proximal and distal colon cancer and patterns in interval XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expression of the neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6a ( @entity6 ), the proteolipid protein ( @entity3 /DM20) family member, is downregulated in the hippocampus of chronically stressed animals. Its neuroplastic function involves a role in neurite formation, filopodium outgrowth and synaptogenesis through an unknown mechanism. Disruptions in neuroplasticity mechanisms have been shown to play a significant part in the etiology of @entity1 . Thus, the current investigation examined whether @entity6 expression is also altered in @entity0 @entity1 brain. METHODS: Expression levels and coexpression patterns of @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity3 (two other members of @entity3 /DM20 family) as well as of the neuroplasticity-related genes identified to associate with @entity6 were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in postmortem samples from the hippocampus (n=18) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (n=25) of @entity1 suicide victims and compared with control subjects (hippocampus n=18; PFC n=25). Neuroplasticity-related proteins that form complexes with @entity6 were identified by coimmunoprecipitation technique followed by mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Results indicated transcriptional downregulation of @entity6 and @entity4 in the hippocampus of @entity1 suicides. The expression level of @entity2 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha ( @entity5 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) was also significantly decreased. Subsequent analysis of coexpression patterns demonstrated coordinated gene expression in the hippocampus and in the PFC indicating that the function of these genes might be coregulated in the @entity0 brain. However, in the brain of @entity1 suicides this coordinated response was disrupted. CONCLUSIONS: Disruption of coordinated gene expression as well as abnormalities in @entity6 and @entity4 expression and expression of the components of @entity6 complexes were detected in the brain of @entity1 suicides.

title: Altered expression of neuroplasticity-related genes in the brain of XXXX suicides.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction: @entity8 in a post-pneumonectomy cavity (PEC) occurs with a frequency of 2%-15% and a mortality of more than 10%. It can occur with or without @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The treatment of @entity7 in the PEC requires a strict algorithm: drainage, bronchoscopy, closure of the @entity3 , thorough cleaning of the PEC, filling the cavity, thoracoplasty. Methods: 39 cases with an @entity7 in the PEC were analysed retrospectively ( @entity0 : n=38; @entity0 : n=1; mean age: 60.3  7.6 years). In 32 (82.1%) of the @entity0 , a @entity3 was detected (right: n=26, left: n=6). The average length of stay in hospital was 125 days (22-293 days). Cleaning of the PEC was achieved in all surviving @entity0 (n=23, 65.1%). All @entity0 (n=39) underwent bronchoscopy with placement of a chest tube for drainage. The @entity3 was closed in three cases (7.7%) with a stent while in 12 cases (30.8%) a vascularized flap was used. In 14 @entity0 (35.9%) the bronchial stump was either reclosed with sutures or resected. In three cases (7.7%) a re-anastomosis was performed. Results: The PEC became sterile by regular flushing with antibiotic solution in three @entity0 (7.7%). In 35.9% of the @entity0 (n=14), aggressive surgical debridement (Weder procedure) was necessary. A thoracic window was applied in 22 @entity0 (56.4%), followed by negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and change of dressing every three to four days or a tamponade of the @entity6 with simple dressings. In 19 @entity0 (48.7%) the @entity6 was sealed with an antibiotic solution. In 5 cases an Alexander thoracoplasty took place. Conclusions: @entity8 after pneumonectomy still poses a serious @entity1 . A @entity3 is often detected. Thus, two problems arise at the same time - @entity3 and @entity2 in the @entity5 . Through a strict algorithm, both problems can be dealt with in stages. After sealing the @entity3 , the @entity6 is thoroughly cleaned and finally the thorax is closed. Only in a small number of @entity0 (1.3%) in whom these measures remain ineffective (persistent @entity4 , aspergillus colonization) should the cavity be obliterated by thoracoplasty.

title: [Differential Treatment Strategy of XXXX in a Post-Pneumonectomy Cavity].

answer: @entity8


abstract: AIMS: The prevalence and potential role of autoantibodies against the @entity2 autoantibody (b1-aab) and cardiac troponin-I (anti- @entity4 ) in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are unknown. The aim of this study is to test whether b1-aab and anti- @entity4 are prevalent in @entity1 @entity0 and to investigate their prognostic value for @entity3 and clinical outcomes in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: This study included 491 @entity0 with first @entity1 at two centers. Serum samples were obtained. b1-aab and anti- @entity4 were detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Echocardiographic assessments were performed at admission and following 1 year. The major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were evaluated during a median follow-up period of 37 months. RESULTS: The positive rates of b1-aab and anti- @entity4 in @entity1 @entity0 were 39.1 and 19.1%, respectively. The extent of @entity3 correlated with the presence of b1-aab and/or anti- @entity4 (double positive > single positive > double negative). Logistic regression revealed that both b1-aab [odds ratio (OR) 2.298, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.561-3.384, P<0.001] and anti- @entity4 (OR 2.389, 95% CI 1.460-3.909, P=0.001) were predictive of @entity3 . Cox proportional-hazard regression revealed that b1-aab, but not anti- @entity4 , was strongly predictive of MACEs (hazard ratio 1.802, 95% CI 1.301-2.496, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: b1-aab and anti- @entity4 were prevalent in @entity1 @entity0 . Both b1-aab and anti- @entity4 were independent predictors of @entity3 , whereas only b1-aab was an independent predictor of MACEs. Our findings suggest that b1-aab and anti- @entity4 may actively participate in the process of @entity3 after @entity1 .

title: The prognostic value of autoantibodies against XXXX and cardiac troponin-I for clinical outcomes in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: The prevalence and potential role of autoantibodies against the @entity2 autoantibody (b1-aab) and cardiac troponin-I (anti- @entity4 ) in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are unknown. The aim of this study is to test whether b1-aab and anti- @entity4 are prevalent in @entity1 @entity0 and to investigate their prognostic value for @entity3 and clinical outcomes in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: This study included 491 @entity0 with first @entity1 at two centers. Serum samples were obtained. b1-aab and anti- @entity4 were detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Echocardiographic assessments were performed at admission and following 1 year. The major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were evaluated during a median follow-up period of 37 months. RESULTS: The positive rates of b1-aab and anti- @entity4 in @entity1 @entity0 were 39.1 and 19.1%, respectively. The extent of @entity3 correlated with the presence of b1-aab and/or anti- @entity4 (double positive > single positive > double negative). Logistic regression revealed that both b1-aab [odds ratio (OR) 2.298, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.561-3.384, P<0.001] and anti- @entity4 (OR 2.389, 95% CI 1.460-3.909, P=0.001) were predictive of @entity3 . Cox proportional-hazard regression revealed that b1-aab, but not anti- @entity4 , was strongly predictive of MACEs (hazard ratio 1.802, 95% CI 1.301-2.496, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: b1-aab and anti- @entity4 were prevalent in @entity1 @entity0 . Both b1-aab and anti- @entity4 were independent predictors of @entity3 , whereas only b1-aab was an independent predictor of MACEs. Our findings suggest that b1-aab and anti- @entity4 may actively participate in the process of @entity3 after @entity1 .

title: The prognostic value of autoantibodies against @entity2 and cardiac troponin-I for clinical outcomes in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term impact of a prehospital ECG programme on treatment times for @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: From January 2008 to December 2012, 213 @entity1 @entity0 transported by the Emergency Medical System (EMS) underwent primary PCI in our Hospital. The protocol included ECG tele-transmission, early activation of the cath lab and direct routing of the @entity0 for primary PCI. Fifty-four @entity0 referred by EMS in 2007, when ECG tele-transmission was unavailable, were used as controls. First diagnostic ECG-to-balloon time, door-to-balloon time and total ischemic time were collected for all @entity0 . RESULTS: First diagnostic ECG-to-balloon time decreased from 125.5min in 2007 to 104min in the first year after implementation of the @entity1 programme (2008). Successively, it declined to 81min by the end of the study period (2012) (P<0.0001). Door-to-balloon time decreased notably from 92.5min in 2007 to 40.5min by the end of the study period (p<0.0001). Total ischemic time fell from 200 min in 2007 to 170 min in 2008 and it further declined to 163.5 min in 2012 (p<0.042). CONCLUSIONS: We report progressive improvements in times to treatment over a 5-year period in a @entity1 program for @entity0 referred by the EMS. The importance of data collection and monitoring is highlighted by our results.

title: Care quality monitoring of a ST-segment elevation XXXX programme over a 5-year period.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There are conflicting data regarding the effect of @entity3 use on mortality in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide detailed analysis of the currently available study reports. We performed a MEDLINE and a COCHRANE search (1993-2014) of the English literature dealing with the effects of @entity3 on all-cause-mortality in subjects with @entity2 or @entity1 . Only full-sized articles published in peer-reviewed journals were considered for this meta-analysis. A total of 19 reports were identified. Nine reports dealt with @entity2 @entity0 , seven with @entity0 suffering from @entity1 , and three with both clinical conditions. Based on the analysis of adjusted mortality results of all 19 studies comprising 326 426 @entity0 , @entity3 use was associated with an increased relative risk of all-cause mortality [Hazard ratio (HR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07 to 1.38, P < 0.01]. Compared with subjects not receiving glycosides, @entity3 was associated with a 29% increased mortality risk (HR 1.29; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.39) in the subgroup of publications comprising 235 047 @entity2 @entity0 . Among 91.379 @entity1 @entity0 , @entity3 -associated mortality risk increased by 14% (HR 1.14, 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.22). The present systematic review and meta-analysis of all available data sources suggest that @entity3 use is associated with an increased mortality risk, particularly among @entity0 suffering from @entity2 .

title: XXXX -associated mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Stearates containing overbased detergent nanoparticles (NPs) are used as acid neutralising additives in automotive and marine engine oils. @entity0 ( @entity0 ) simulations of the self-assembly of @entity2 , @entity1 as a co-surfactant and stabilising surfactants of such NPs in a model explicit molecular hydrophobic solvent have been carried out using a methodology described first by Bodnarchuk et al. [J. Phys. Chem. C, 2014, 118, 21092]. The cores and particles as a whole become more elongated with stearate, and the surfactant molecules are more spaced out in this geometry than in their stearate-free counterparts. The rod dimensions are found to be largely independent of the surfactant type for a given amount of @entity3 . The corresponding particles without stearate were more spherical, the precise shape depending to a greater extent on the chemical architecture of the surfactant molecule. The rod-shaped stearate containing nanoparticles penetrated a model water droplet to a greater depth than the corresponding near-spherical particle, which is possibly facilitated by the dissociation of nanoparticle surfactant molecules onto the surface of the water in this process. These simulations are the first to corroborate the nanoparticle-water penetration mechanism proposed previously by experimental groups investigating the NP acid neutralisation characteristics.

title: A molecular dynamics study of XXXX nanoparticles in a hydrophobic solvent with a stearate co-surfactant.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Physiological investigations are often used to assess the toxic effects of aquatic pollutants in fish and to establish criteria for water quality. In the present study, we tend to investigate the growth performance, @entity1 , and histological alterations noticed in three natural populations of the mosquitofish @entity3 captured from three estuary sites. The analysis of growth performance demonstrated that the studied populations showed different growth patterns. Additionally, various types of @entity0 were observed, and the most commonly affected were the hemal and pre-hemal regions of fishes. For the histological study, gills, liver, and kidney tissues were selected for field monitoring. The major alterations observed in gill tissues were partial fusion of adjacent secondary lamellae, @entity2 of epithelial cells, and disorganization of pillar cells in many areas of the secondary lamellae. In the liver, significant desquamation of tissues, congestion of the central hepatic vein, and @entity2 of hepatocytes were noticed. For the kidney tissue, the frequencies of histological alterations showed a significant difference between the studied sites. Moreover, the histological aberrations consisted mainly in glomerule alteration and vacuolation of tubular epithelial cells. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that the physiological alterations noticed in the present investigation are indicators of sensitivity towards environmental disturbance.

title: Monitoring and assessment of environmental disturbance on natural XXXX populations-histopathological analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term trends in use of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and outcomes are rare. OBJECTIVE: We examined 13-year nationwide trends in @entity6 implantation and survival rates in Denmark. METHODS: Using medical databases, we identified all first time @entity6 recipients in Denmark during 2000-2012 (N = 8460) and ascertained all-cause mortality. We computed standardized annual implantation rates and mortality rate ratios according to age, sex, comorbidity level, indication, and device type. RESULTS: The standardized annual implantation rate increased from 42 per million @entity0 in 2000 to 213 per million @entity0 in 2012 (from 34 to 174 for @entity0 and from 8 to 39 for @entity0 ). The increase was driven by secondary prophylactic @entity5 until 2006 and primary prophylactic @entity5 thereafter. The increase occurred particularly in older @entity0 and those with a high level of comorbidity. Independent of indication, 76% of all @entity0 with @entity6 were alive after 5 years. @entity0 had a higher mortality rate compared with @entity0 (mortality rate ratio 1.28; 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.49). Compared with low comorbidity level, moderate, severe, and very severe comorbidity levels were associated with 1.6-, 2.5-, and 4.9-fold increased mortality rates, respectively. The most influential individual comorbidities were @entity4 , @entity1 , @entity3 , and @entity2 . CONCLUSION: The annual implantation rate of @entity5 increased 5-fold in Denmark between 2000 and 2012. The rate increase occurred for both @entity0 and @entity0 , but particularly in the elderly and @entity0 with severe comorbidity. Five-year survival probability was high, but severe comorbidity and male sex were associated with shorter survival.

title: Thirteen-year nationwide trends in use of XXXX and subsequent long-term survival.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to verify the presence of @entity4 mutations in a series of six @entity0 affected by drug-resistant @entity5 associated with @entity6 (GG) who were subjected to lesionectomy between June 2008 and November 2013. GG are an increasingly recognized cause of @entity2 and represent the most common @entity1 in young @entity0 undergoing surgery for intractable @entity5 . @entity4 mutations have been identified in up to 50% of GG. Interestingly, these six @entity0 shared a specific anatomical posterior temporal site. In all @entity0 , histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of GG, and two were also associated with a @entity8 ( @entity8 ) type IIa. @entity4 mutations were found in four out of six GG (66.6%). Furthermore, dysplastic tissue of @entity0 2 showed a concomitant @entity4 @entity7 mutation. All @entity0 but one (83.3%) achieved Engel Class Ia @entity3 control. The @entity0 carrying a concomitant @entity4 mutation in GG and @entity8 fell into Engel Class II. Further analyses will be required in order to better understand the meaning of @entity4 mutations in @entity1 and @entity8 and their possible role as a prognostic @entity3 outcome and @entity1 behavior marker.

title: @entity4 XXXX mutation in neocortical posterior temporal @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to verify the presence of @entity4 mutations in a series of six @entity0 affected by drug-resistant @entity5 associated with @entity6 (GG) who were subjected to lesionectomy between June 2008 and November 2013. GG are an increasingly recognized cause of @entity2 and represent the most common @entity1 in young @entity0 undergoing surgery for intractable @entity5 . @entity4 mutations have been identified in up to 50% of GG. Interestingly, these six @entity0 shared a specific anatomical posterior temporal site. In all @entity0 , histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of GG, and two were also associated with a @entity8 ( @entity8 ) type IIa. @entity4 mutations were found in four out of six GG (66.6%). Furthermore, dysplastic tissue of @entity0 2 showed a concomitant @entity4 @entity7 mutation. All @entity0 but one (83.3%) achieved Engel Class Ia @entity3 control. The @entity0 carrying a concomitant @entity4 mutation in GG and @entity8 fell into Engel Class II. Further analyses will be required in order to better understand the meaning of @entity4 mutations in @entity1 and @entity8 and their possible role as a prognostic @entity3 outcome and @entity1 behavior marker.

title: @entity4 @entity7 mutation in neocortical posterior temporal XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to verify the presence of @entity4 mutations in a series of six @entity0 affected by drug-resistant @entity5 associated with @entity6 (GG) who were subjected to lesionectomy between June 2008 and November 2013. GG are an increasingly recognized cause of @entity2 and represent the most common @entity1 in young @entity0 undergoing surgery for intractable @entity5 . @entity4 mutations have been identified in up to 50% of GG. Interestingly, these six @entity0 shared a specific anatomical posterior temporal site. In all @entity0 , histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of GG, and two were also associated with a @entity8 ( @entity8 ) type IIa. @entity4 mutations were found in four out of six GG (66.6%). Furthermore, dysplastic tissue of @entity0 2 showed a concomitant @entity4 @entity7 mutation. All @entity0 but one (83.3%) achieved Engel Class Ia @entity3 control. The @entity0 carrying a concomitant @entity4 mutation in GG and @entity8 fell into Engel Class II. Further analyses will be required in order to better understand the meaning of @entity4 mutations in @entity1 and @entity8 and their possible role as a prognostic @entity3 outcome and @entity1 behavior marker.

title: XXXX @entity7 mutation in neocortical posterior temporal @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the impact of using a standardized definition of @entity2 -related @entity0 (BRONJ) in the analysis of a spontaneous reporting database. METHODS: All notifications of @entity0 (ONJ) in the French National Pharmacovigilance Database as of 31 December 2013 were analyzed. First, we considered all reports of ONJ with @entity1 as BRONJ. Second, we applied the 2014 definition of BRONJ from the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS), retaining only @entity1 as antiresorptive medication. In the absence of any one of these criteria, or missing data, cases were not considered as BRONJ. RESULTS: The first analysis found 158 cases of ONJ, among which 153 were associated with @entity2 use. The second analysis identified only 43 cases of BRONJ (28.1%). CONCLUSION: The definition of BRONJ as laid down by the AAOMS is not suitable for use in spontaneous reporting database. The use of the AAOMS definition alone should be avoided, as it leads to the exclusion of over 70% of cases. When cases of ONJ are identified, all results should be presented including confirmed and excluded cases.

title: Standardized classification unsuitable for spontaneous reporting: the example of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: ID polymorphism of the gene coding for the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) represents a determining factor in physical and athletic performance in the context of genetic conditioning of sports predisposition. The aim of this study was to show the potential importance of genetic factors in relation to the athletic status in Tunisian @entity2 . METHODS: The @entity1 genotypes were established using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for 282 Tunisian @entity2 (endurance: N.=149 - power: N.=133), and 211 sedentary volunteers. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in the @entity1 genotype distribution between @entity2 (36% DD, 49% ID, 15% II) and controls (CTR) (39% DD, 46% ID, 15% II; P=0.72). In contrast, a high significant difference between endurance and power groups were noted in genotype and alleles (  2=10.32, P=0.0057;   2=4,752, P=0.029, respectively). The elite endurance- @entity2 (N.=72) possess some inherent genetic advantage predisposing them to superior athletic performances compared to CTR for @entity1 alleles (  2=3.51, P=0.06). In addition endurance trained @entity2 were also significantly different from CTR for @entity1 genotype (  2=6.05, P=0.04). Furthermore, a significant difference have been found between elite power- @entity2 (N.=59) and CTR for @entity1 alleles (  2=3.79, P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Tunisian @entity2 exhibit insertion (I) and deletion (D) alleles of the @entity1 polymorphism associated with a high level of @entity0 endurance and power performance, respectively. This genetic background plays an important role in sporting potential and causes some individuals to be better adapted to specific physical training. This should be considered in athlete development to identify which sporting specialties should be trained for Tunisian talent promotion.

title: Genetic advantageous predisposition of angiotensin converting enzyme id polymorphism in Tunisian XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to access the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) injection in the treatment of @entity4 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: Studies were identified from databases (Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Biosis Previews, ClincalTrials.gov, CBMdisc) searched to December 2014 using a battery of keywords. We included randomized controlled and controlled clinical trials of @entity0 with knee @entity3 comparing the outcomes of @entity1 and function for those receiving MSCs injection with those receiving no MSCs injection. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted relevant data and assessed study quality. Data were pooled and meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS: Seven randomized controlled and controlled clinical trials, studying a total of 314 @entity0 with a diagnosis of knee @entity3 were included. Overall, MSCs injection has no significant effect on @entity1 [ @entity2 ( @entity2 ) (95 % confidence interval (CI)) [-1.33(-3.08, 0.41), P = 0.13], and tends to improve self-reported physical function [standardized mean difference (SMD) (CI) = 2.35(0.92, 3.77), P = 0.001] at the last follow-up. But results from two high quality trials (94 @entity0 ) show a positive effect of MSCs injection on @entity1 [ @entity2 (CI)   =   -0.49 (-0.79, -0.19), P = 0.001]. Heterogeneity observed between studies regarding the effect of MSCs injection on @entity1 and function was explained by the difference of follow-up time, outcome measures, control group, the source and dose of MSCs. The quality of evidence supporting these effect estimates was rated as low. CONCLUSION: MSCs injection could be potentially efficacious for decreasing @entity1 and may improve physical function in @entity0 with knee @entity3 . The findings of this review should be confirmed using methodologically rigorous and adequately powered clinical trials.

title: Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells injection for the management of XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To characterize outcomes of @entity0 experiencing a fall and subsequent @entity1 while in a nursing home receiving @entity3 ( @entity3 ) services. DESIGN: Observational study. @entity0 : Short-stay fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries who experienced their first @entity1 during an @entity3 stay. MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes measured in the 90  days after the @entity1 hospitalization included community discharge (with a stay in the community <30  days), successful community discharge (in the community >= 30  days), @entity2 , and institutionalization. RESULTS: Between 1999 and 2007, 27,305 @entity1 occurred among short-stay nursing home @entity0 receiving @entity3 care. After surgical repair of the @entity1 , 83.9% of these @entity0 were discharged from the hospital back to an @entity3 , with most (99%) returning to the facility where the @entity1 occurred. In the first 90  days after hospitalization, 24.1% of @entity0 died, 7.3% were discharged to the community but remained fewer than 30  days, 14.0% achieved successful community discharge, and 54.6% were still in a health care institution with almost 46.4% having transitioned to long-term care. CONCLUSION: @entity3 care aims to maximize the short-stay @entity0 's independence and facilitate a safe community transition. However, experiencing a fall and @entity1 during the @entity3 stay was a sentinel event that limited the achievement of this goal. There is an urgent need to ensure the integration of fall prevention into the @entity0 's plan of care. Further, falls among @entity3 @entity0 may serve as indicator of quality, which consumers and payers can use to make informed health care decisions.

title: What Happens to XXXX When They Fracture Their Hip During a Skilled Nursing Facility Stay?

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on @entity3 -induced peak-dose @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on @entity0 who underwent STN DBS for @entity1 from May 2000 to July 2012. Only @entity0 with @entity3 -induced @entity2 prior to surgery and more than 1 year of available follow-up data after DBS were included. The outcome measures included the @entity2 subscore of the Unified @entity1 Rating Scale (UPDRS) part IV (items 32 to 34 of UPDRS part IV) and the @entity3 equivalent daily dose (LEDD). The @entity0 were divided into two groups based on preoperative to postoperative LEDD change at 12 months after the surgery: Group 1, LEDD decrease >15%; Group 2, all other @entity0 . Group 2 was further divided by the location of DBS leads. RESULTS: Of the 100 @entity0 enrolled, 67 were in Group 1, while those remaining were in Group 2. Twelve months after STN DBS, Groups 1 and 2 showed improvements of 61.90% and 57.14%, respectively, in the @entity2 subscore. Group 1 was more likely to experience @entity2 suppression; however, the association between the groups and @entity2 suppression was not statistically significant (p=0.619). In Group 2, @entity2 was significantly decreased by stimulation of the area above the STN in 18 @entity0 compared to stimulation of the STN in 15 @entity0 (p=0.048). CONCLUSION: @entity3 -induced @entity2 is attenuated by STN DBS without reducing the @entity3 dosage.

title: Effect of Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation on XXXX -Induced @entity2 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on @entity3 -induced peak-dose @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on @entity0 who underwent STN DBS for @entity1 from May 2000 to July 2012. Only @entity0 with @entity3 -induced @entity2 prior to surgery and more than 1 year of available follow-up data after DBS were included. The outcome measures included the @entity2 subscore of the Unified @entity1 Rating Scale (UPDRS) part IV (items 32 to 34 of UPDRS part IV) and the @entity3 equivalent daily dose (LEDD). The @entity0 were divided into two groups based on preoperative to postoperative LEDD change at 12 months after the surgery: Group 1, LEDD decrease >15%; Group 2, all other @entity0 . Group 2 was further divided by the location of DBS leads. RESULTS: Of the 100 @entity0 enrolled, 67 were in Group 1, while those remaining were in Group 2. Twelve months after STN DBS, Groups 1 and 2 showed improvements of 61.90% and 57.14%, respectively, in the @entity2 subscore. Group 1 was more likely to experience @entity2 suppression; however, the association between the groups and @entity2 suppression was not statistically significant (p=0.619). In Group 2, @entity2 was significantly decreased by stimulation of the area above the STN in 18 @entity0 compared to stimulation of the STN in 15 @entity0 (p=0.048). CONCLUSION: @entity3 -induced @entity2 is attenuated by STN DBS without reducing the @entity3 dosage.

title: Effect of Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation on @entity3 -Induced XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on @entity3 -induced peak-dose @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on @entity0 who underwent STN DBS for @entity1 from May 2000 to July 2012. Only @entity0 with @entity3 -induced @entity2 prior to surgery and more than 1 year of available follow-up data after DBS were included. The outcome measures included the @entity2 subscore of the Unified @entity1 Rating Scale (UPDRS) part IV (items 32 to 34 of UPDRS part IV) and the @entity3 equivalent daily dose (LEDD). The @entity0 were divided into two groups based on preoperative to postoperative LEDD change at 12 months after the surgery: Group 1, LEDD decrease >15%; Group 2, all other @entity0 . Group 2 was further divided by the location of DBS leads. RESULTS: Of the 100 @entity0 enrolled, 67 were in Group 1, while those remaining were in Group 2. Twelve months after STN DBS, Groups 1 and 2 showed improvements of 61.90% and 57.14%, respectively, in the @entity2 subscore. Group 1 was more likely to experience @entity2 suppression; however, the association between the groups and @entity2 suppression was not statistically significant (p=0.619). In Group 2, @entity2 was significantly decreased by stimulation of the area above the STN in 18 @entity0 compared to stimulation of the STN in 15 @entity0 (p=0.048). CONCLUSION: @entity3 -induced @entity2 is attenuated by STN DBS without reducing the @entity3 dosage.

title: Effect of Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation on @entity3 -Induced @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Leptomeningeal collateral, in @entity4 ( @entity4 ), appears as an ivy sign on fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) images. There has been little investigation into the relationship between presentation of ivy signs and old @entity3 . We aimed to evaluate clinical significance of ivy signs and whether they correlate with old @entity3 and the severity of clinical symptoms in @entity0 with @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: FLAIR images of 83 @entity0 were reviewed. Each cerebral hemisphere was divided into 4 regions and each region was scored based on the prominence of the ivy sign. Total ivy score (TIS) was defined as the sum of the scores from the eight regions and dominant hemispheric ivy sign (DHI) was determined by comparing the ivy scores from each hemisphere. According to the degree of @entity1 , @entity0 were classified into four subgroups: 1) nonspecific symptoms without motor weakness, 2) single @entity1 ( @entity1 ), 3) recurrent @entity1 , or 4) @entity2 . RESULTS: TIS was significantly different as follows: 4.86  2.55 in @entity0 with nonspecific symptoms, 5.89  3.10 in @entity0 with single @entity1 , 9.60  3.98 in @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 and 8.37  3.39 in @entity0 with @entity2 (p=0.003). TIS associated with old lesions was significantly higher than those not associated with old lesions (9.35  4.22 vs. 7.49  3.37, p=0.032). We found a significant correlation between DHI and motor symptoms (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Because TIS has a strong tendency with severity of @entity1 motor symptom and the presence of old lesions, the ivy sign may be useful in predicting severity of disease progression.

title: Ivy Sign on Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Images in Moyamoya Disease: Correlation with Clinical Severity and Old XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of segmentation of the upstream and downstream parent artery and hemodynamic boundary conditions (BCs) on the evaluated hemodynamic factors for the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) analysis of @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three dimensional @entity0 -specific @entity2 models were analyzed by applying various combinations of inlet and outlet BCs. Hemodynamic factors such as velocity pattern, streamline, wall shear stress, and oscillatory shear index at the systolic time were visualized and compared among the different cases. RESULTS: Hemodynamic factors were significantly affected by the inlet BCs while there was little influence of the outlet BCs. When the inlet length was relatively short, different inlet BCs showed different hemodynamic factors and the calculated hemodynamic factors were also dependent on the inlet length. However, when the inlet length (L) was long enough (L>20D, where D is the diameter of inlet section), the hemodynamic factors became similar regardless of the inlet BCs and lengths. The error due to different inlet BCs was negligible. The effect of the outlet length on the hemodynamic factors was similar to that of the inlet length. CONCLUSION: Simulated hemodynamic factors are highly sensitive to inlet BCs and upstream parent artery segmentation. The results of this work can provide an insight into how to build models and to apply BCs for more accurate estimation of hemodynamic factors from @entity3 simulations of @entity1 .

title: Influence of Parent Artery Segmentation and Boundary Conditions on Hemodynamic Characteristics of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study investigated multidimensional treatment outcomes, including prognostic factors and side effects of vocal fold @entity3 injection (VFSI). METHODS: We recruited 126 consecutive @entity0 , including @entity0 with 49 nodules, 47 @entity4 , and 30 mucus retention cysts. All the @entity0 received VFSI under local anesthesia in the office settings. Treatment outcomes were evaluated 1 and 2 months after the procedure, including endoscopic evaluation, @entity1 (GRB scores), acoustic analysis, and 10-item Voice Handicap Index (VHI-10). RESULTS: More than 80% of the @entity0 reported subjective improvements after VFSI. Objective measurements revealed significant improvements from baseline in most of the outcome parameters (P<0.05). Higher occupational vocal demands and fibrotic vocal nodules were significantly associated with poorer clinical responses as measured by the VHI-10 and GRB scores, respectively. For vocal @entity4 , @entity8 for more than 12 months were significantly associated with higher postoperative VHI-10 scores, whereas @entity0 with @entity9 ( @entity9 ) showed significantly poor postoperative voice quality as measured by GRB scores. Side effects after VFSI included @entity5 (27%), @entity6 deposits (4%), and vocal @entity2 (1%), which resolved spontaneously within 1-2 months. Presentation with vocal fold @entity7 /varicosities and higher vocal demands were significantly correlated with postoperative vocal @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated significant improvements after VFSI in vocal nodules, @entity4 , and cysts. Occupational vocal demand and subtypes of vocal nodules are closely related to the treatment outcomes after VFSI, whereas symptom duration and @entity9 were significant prognostic factors for VFSI treatment outcomes in vocal @entity4 . Side effects after receiving VFSI were mostly self-limited without sequel, whereas the incidence rates might be varied by the injection approach and the timing for postoperative follow-up.

title: Comprehensive Outcome Researches of Intralesional XXXX Injection on Benign Vocal Fold Lesions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are characterized by social communication deficits, @entity3 , and repetitive stereotyped behaviors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have a paracrine regenerative effect, and were speculated to be a potential therapy for @entity2 . The BTBR inbred @entity1 is a commonly used model of @entity2 as it demonstrates robust behavioral deficits consistent with the diagnostic criteria for @entity2 . BTBR @entity1 also exhibit decreased @entity5 ( @entity5 ) signaling and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis. In the current study, we evaluated the behavioral and molecular effects of intracerebroventricular  MSC transplantation in BTBR @entity1 . Transplantation of MSC resulted in a reduction of stereotypical behaviors, a decrease in @entity3 and an improvement in social behavior. Tissue analysis revealed elevated @entity5 protein levels in the hippocampus accompanied by increased hippocampal neurogenesis in the MSC-transplanted @entity1 compared with sham treated @entity1 . This might indicate a possible mechanism underpinning the behavioral improvement. Our study suggests a novel therapeutic approach which may be translatable to @entity2 @entity0 in the future. @entity4 Res 2015.    2015 International Society for @entity4 Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Promotes Neurogenesis and Ameliorates XXXX Related Behaviors in BTBR @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are characterized by social communication deficits, @entity3 , and repetitive stereotyped behaviors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have a paracrine regenerative effect, and were speculated to be a potential therapy for @entity2 . The BTBR inbred @entity1 is a commonly used model of @entity2 as it demonstrates robust behavioral deficits consistent with the diagnostic criteria for @entity2 . BTBR @entity1 also exhibit decreased @entity5 ( @entity5 ) signaling and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis. In the current study, we evaluated the behavioral and molecular effects of intracerebroventricular  MSC transplantation in BTBR @entity1 . Transplantation of MSC resulted in a reduction of stereotypical behaviors, a decrease in @entity3 and an improvement in social behavior. Tissue analysis revealed elevated @entity5 protein levels in the hippocampus accompanied by increased hippocampal neurogenesis in the MSC-transplanted @entity1 compared with sham treated @entity1 . This might indicate a possible mechanism underpinning the behavioral improvement. Our study suggests a novel therapeutic approach which may be translatable to @entity2 @entity0 in the future. @entity4 Res 2015.    2015 International Society for @entity4 Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Promotes Neurogenesis and Ameliorates @entity4 Related Behaviors in BTBR XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate fixation and @entity4 characteristics among subjects with @entity1 in a population-based study. DESIGN: Cohort study. @entity0 : A subset of 357 subjects was recruited from follow-up cohort of Sankara Nethralaya @entity1 Epidemiology and Molecular Genetics Study I. METHODS: All subjects underwent detailed ophthalmic evaluation including microperimetry and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Fixation parameters such as stability of fixation, fixation location, and presence of @entity4 were evaluated. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean age of the study sample was 56.86    8.63 years. Relatively unstable fixation was observed in 73 and poor central fixation in 25 subjects. Among subjects with poor central fixation, 72% (18 subjects) had relatively unstable fixation. Poor central and relatively unstable fixation were significantly associated with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA; p = 0.002 and p = 0.017, respectively). Prevalence rate of @entity4 was 24.4%, which was highly prevalent in females (p = 0.035) and among subjects with reduced BCVA (p < 0.001), reduced contrast sensitivity (p < 0.001), @entity2 (p < 0.001), @entity3 (p < 0.001), and presence of sight-threatening @entity1 (STDR; p < 0.001). Presence of @entity4 was significantly associated with abnormal foveal contour (p = 0.046) and altered inner retinal layers (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We report that fixation characteristics are independent of ocular characteristics except for BCVA. Female sex, reduced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, @entity2 , and STDR were significantly associated with presence of @entity4 .

title: Fixation characteristics among subjects with XXXX : SN-DREAMS II, Report No. 5.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate safety, efficacy and @entity0 turnover during closed-loop with meal announcement using reduced prandial @entity2 boluses in adolescents with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: We conducted a randomized crossover study comparing closed-loop therapy with standard prandial @entity2 boluses versus closed-loop therapy with prandial boluses reduced by 25%. Eight adolescents with @entity1 [3 males; mean (standard deviation) age 15.9 (1.5) years, glycated haemoglobin 74 (17) mmol/mol; median (interquartile range) total daily dose 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) IU/kg/day] were studied on two 36-h-long visits. In random order, subjects received closed-loop therapy with either standard or reduced @entity2 boluses administered with main meals (50-80 g @entity3 ) but not with snacks (15-30 g @entity3 ). Stable-label tracer dilution methodology measured total @entity0 appearance (Ra_total) and @entity0 disposal (Rd). RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) time spent in target (3.9-10 mmol/l) was similar between the two interventions [74 (66, 84)% vs 80 (65, 96)%; p = 0.87] as was time spent above 10 mmol/l [21.8 (16.3, 33.5)% vs 18.0 (4.1, 34.2)%; p = 0.87] and below 3.9 mmol/l [0 (0, 1.5)% vs 0 (0, 1.8)%; p = 0.88]. Mean plasma @entity0 was identical during the two interventions [8.4 (0.9) mmol/l; p = 0.98]. Hypoglycaemia occurred once 1.5 h post-meal during closed-loop therapy with standard bolus. Overall @entity2 delivery was lower with reduced prandial boluses [61.9 (55.2, 75.0) vs 72.5 (63.6, 80.3) IU; p = 0.01] and resulted in lower mean plasma @entity2 concentration [186 (171, 260) vs 252 (198, 336) pmol/l; p = 0.002]. Lower plasma @entity2 was also documented overnight [160 (136, 192) vs 191 (133, 252) pmol/l; p = 0.01, pooled nights]. Ra_total was similar [26.3 (21.9, 28.0) vs 25.4 (21.0, 29.2)   mol/kg/min; p = 0.19] during the two interventions as was Rd [25.8 (21.0, 26.9) vs 25.2 (21.2, 28.8)   mol/kg/min; p = 0.46]. CONCLUSIONS: A 25% reduction in prandial boluses during closed-loop therapy maintains similar @entity0 control in adolescents with @entity1 whilst lowering overall plasma @entity2 levels. It remains unclear whether closed-loop therapy with a 25% reduction in prandial boluses would prevent @entity4 .

title: Safety, efficacy and @entity0 turnover of reduced prandial boluses during closed-loop therapy in adolescents with XXXX : a randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate safety, efficacy and @entity0 turnover during closed-loop with meal announcement using reduced prandial @entity2 boluses in adolescents with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: We conducted a randomized crossover study comparing closed-loop therapy with standard prandial @entity2 boluses versus closed-loop therapy with prandial boluses reduced by 25%. Eight adolescents with @entity1 [3 males; mean (standard deviation) age 15.9 (1.5) years, glycated haemoglobin 74 (17) mmol/mol; median (interquartile range) total daily dose 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) IU/kg/day] were studied on two 36-h-long visits. In random order, subjects received closed-loop therapy with either standard or reduced @entity2 boluses administered with main meals (50-80 g @entity3 ) but not with snacks (15-30 g @entity3 ). Stable-label tracer dilution methodology measured total @entity0 appearance (Ra_total) and @entity0 disposal (Rd). RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) time spent in target (3.9-10 mmol/l) was similar between the two interventions [74 (66, 84)% vs 80 (65, 96)%; p = 0.87] as was time spent above 10 mmol/l [21.8 (16.3, 33.5)% vs 18.0 (4.1, 34.2)%; p = 0.87] and below 3.9 mmol/l [0 (0, 1.5)% vs 0 (0, 1.8)%; p = 0.88]. Mean plasma @entity0 was identical during the two interventions [8.4 (0.9) mmol/l; p = 0.98]. Hypoglycaemia occurred once 1.5 h post-meal during closed-loop therapy with standard bolus. Overall @entity2 delivery was lower with reduced prandial boluses [61.9 (55.2, 75.0) vs 72.5 (63.6, 80.3) IU; p = 0.01] and resulted in lower mean plasma @entity2 concentration [186 (171, 260) vs 252 (198, 336) pmol/l; p = 0.002]. Lower plasma @entity2 was also documented overnight [160 (136, 192) vs 191 (133, 252) pmol/l; p = 0.01, pooled nights]. Ra_total was similar [26.3 (21.9, 28.0) vs 25.4 (21.0, 29.2)   mol/kg/min; p = 0.19] during the two interventions as was Rd [25.8 (21.0, 26.9) vs 25.2 (21.2, 28.8)   mol/kg/min; p = 0.46]. CONCLUSIONS: A 25% reduction in prandial boluses during closed-loop therapy maintains similar @entity0 control in adolescents with @entity1 whilst lowering overall plasma @entity2 levels. It remains unclear whether closed-loop therapy with a 25% reduction in prandial boluses would prevent @entity4 .

title: Safety, efficacy and XXXX turnover of reduced prandial boluses during closed-loop therapy in adolescents with @entity1 : a randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Conivaptan, a @entity2 receptor antagonist, is commonly used for the treatment of euvolaemic, hypervolaemic hyponatraemia. Usually, an intravenous (IV) bolus followed by infusion is administered for many days. We decided to assess the effectiveness of single dose conivaptan for correction of hyponatraemia in post-operative @entity0 . METHODS: This was a prospective, randomised trial conducted in 40 symptomatic post-operative Intensive Care Unit (ICU) @entity0 with a serum @entity1 level of  <=130 mEq/L. Group A @entity0 received IV @entity3 20 mg over 30 min, whereas in group B infusion of 3% hypertonic saline was started as an infusion at the rate of 20-30 ml/h. Serum @entity1 levels were measured at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h and the daily fluid balance was measured for 3 days. The Chi-square test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Whitney tests were used as applicable. RESULTS: The serum @entity1 levels before initiating treatment were comparable between groups. However, subsequent @entity1 levels at 12, 24 and 48 h showed significantly high values in group A. Though at 72 h the mean @entity1 value was high in group A, it was not statistically significant. Group A showed a significantly high fluid loss on day 1, 2 and 3. The mean volume of hypertonic saline required in group B showed a steady decline from day 1 to 3 and only 13 @entity0 required hypertonic saline on the 3(rd) day. CONCLUSION: Single dose conivaptan is effective in increasing serum @entity1 levels in post-operative ICU @entity0 up to 72 h associated with a significant negative fluid balance.

title: Effectiveness of single dose conivaptan for correction of hyponatraemia in post-operative XXXX following major head and neck surgeries.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence supports the efficacy of pharmacy services in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, little is known about consumer perspectives on the role of community pharmacists in @entity1 care. The objectives of this study were to identify potential unmet needs and explore preferences for pharmacist-delivered support for @entity2 . METHODS: A qualitative study using focus groups was conducted in Sydney, Australia. @entity0 with @entity2 who were members of the Australian @entity1 Council in Sydney, Australia, were recruited through a survey on medication use in @entity2 . Five focus groups with a total of 32 consumers with @entity2 were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. RESULTS: The key themes were 1) the experiences of @entity1 services received, 2) the potential to deliver self-management services, and 3) the suggested role of pharmacist in supporting @entity1 management. Gaps in understanding and some degree of nonadherence to self-management signaled a potential for self-management support delivered by pharmacists. However, consumers still perceive that the main role of pharmacists in @entity1 care centers on drug management services, with some enhancements to support adherence and continuity of supply. Barriers to @entity1 care services included time constraints and a perceived lack of interest by pharmacists. CONCLUSION: Given the unmet needs in @entity1 self-management, opportunities exist for pharmacists to be involved in @entity1 care. The challenge is for pharmacists to upgrade their @entity1 knowledge and skills, organize their workflow, and become proactive in delivering @entity1 care support.

title: Supporting self-management of XXXX : is there a role for the community pharmacist?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Whilst @entity2 , especially mild impairment (60< @entity6 <90 ml/min), has been often described in @entity7 -infected population, its potential contribution to @entity7 evolution and risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has not been clarified. Data from @entity10 infected @entity0 enrolled in the Italian Cohort of Antiretroviral-Na  ve (Icona) Foundation Study collected between January 2000 and February 2014 with at least two creatinine values available. @entity6 (CKD-epi) and @entity2 defined using a priori cut-offs of 60 (severely impaired) and 90 ml/min/1.73m2 (mildly impaired). Characteristics of @entity0 were described after stratification in these groups and compared using chi-square test (categorical variables) or Kruskal Wallis test comparing median values. Follow-up accrued from baseline up to the date of the @entity3 or @entity8 related events or @entity5 or last available visit. Kaplan Meier curves were used to estimate the cumulative probability of occurrence of the events over time. Adjusted analysis was performed using a proportional hazards Cox regression model. We included 7,385 @entity0 , observed for a median follow-up of 43 months (inter-quartile range [IQR]: 21-93 months). Over this time, 130 cerebro-cardiovascular events (including 11 @entity5 due to @entity3 ) and 311 @entity8 -related events (including 45 @entity5 ) were observed. The rate of @entity3 events among @entity0 with @entity6 >90, 60-89, <60 ml/min, was 2.91 (95% CI 2.30-3.67), 4.63 (95% CI 3.51-6.11) and 11.9 (95% CI 6.19-22.85) per 1,000 PYFU respectively, with an unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 4.14 (95%CI 2.07-8.29) for @entity0 with @entity6 <60 ml/min and 1.58 (95%CI 1.10-2.27) for @entity6 60-89 compared to those with @entity6 >= 90. Of note, these estimates are adjusted for traditional cardio-vascular risk factors (e.g. smoking, @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity9 ). Incidence of @entity8 -related events was 9.51 (95%CI 8.35-10.83), 6.04 (95%CI 4.74-7.71) and 25.0 (95%CI 15.96-39.22) per 1,000 PYFU, among @entity0 with @entity6 >90, 60-89, <60 ml/min, respectively, with an unadjusted HR of 2.49 (95%CI 1.56-3.97) for @entity0 with @entity6 <60 ml/min and 0.68 (95%CI 0.52-0.90) for @entity6 60-89. The risk of @entity8 events was significantly lower in mild @entity2 group even after adjustment for @entity7 -related characteristics. Our data confirm that @entity2 is an important risk marker for @entity3 events in the @entity7 -population; importantly, even those with mild @entity2 (90< @entity6 <60) seem to be at increased risk of cerebro-cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

title: Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of Impaired Renal Function on Clinical Progression in a Large Cohort of XXXX -Infected @entity0 Seen for Care in Italy.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Whilst @entity2 , especially mild impairment (60< @entity6 <90 ml/min), has been often described in @entity7 -infected population, its potential contribution to @entity7 evolution and risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has not been clarified. Data from @entity10 infected @entity0 enrolled in the Italian Cohort of Antiretroviral-Na  ve (Icona) Foundation Study collected between January 2000 and February 2014 with at least two creatinine values available. @entity6 (CKD-epi) and @entity2 defined using a priori cut-offs of 60 (severely impaired) and 90 ml/min/1.73m2 (mildly impaired). Characteristics of @entity0 were described after stratification in these groups and compared using chi-square test (categorical variables) or Kruskal Wallis test comparing median values. Follow-up accrued from baseline up to the date of the @entity3 or @entity8 related events or @entity5 or last available visit. Kaplan Meier curves were used to estimate the cumulative probability of occurrence of the events over time. Adjusted analysis was performed using a proportional hazards Cox regression model. We included 7,385 @entity0 , observed for a median follow-up of 43 months (inter-quartile range [IQR]: 21-93 months). Over this time, 130 cerebro-cardiovascular events (including 11 @entity5 due to @entity3 ) and 311 @entity8 -related events (including 45 @entity5 ) were observed. The rate of @entity3 events among @entity0 with @entity6 >90, 60-89, <60 ml/min, was 2.91 (95% CI 2.30-3.67), 4.63 (95% CI 3.51-6.11) and 11.9 (95% CI 6.19-22.85) per 1,000 PYFU respectively, with an unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 4.14 (95%CI 2.07-8.29) for @entity0 with @entity6 <60 ml/min and 1.58 (95%CI 1.10-2.27) for @entity6 60-89 compared to those with @entity6 >= 90. Of note, these estimates are adjusted for traditional cardio-vascular risk factors (e.g. smoking, @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity9 ). Incidence of @entity8 -related events was 9.51 (95%CI 8.35-10.83), 6.04 (95%CI 4.74-7.71) and 25.0 (95%CI 15.96-39.22) per 1,000 PYFU, among @entity0 with @entity6 >90, 60-89, <60 ml/min, respectively, with an unadjusted HR of 2.49 (95%CI 1.56-3.97) for @entity0 with @entity6 <60 ml/min and 0.68 (95%CI 0.52-0.90) for @entity6 60-89. The risk of @entity8 events was significantly lower in mild @entity2 group even after adjustment for @entity7 -related characteristics. Our data confirm that @entity2 is an important risk marker for @entity3 events in the @entity7 -population; importantly, even those with mild @entity2 (90< @entity6 <60) seem to be at increased risk of cerebro-cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

title: Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of Impaired Renal Function on Clinical Progression in a Large Cohort of @entity7 -Infected XXXX Seen for Care in Italy.

answer: @entity0