abstract: BACKGROUND: It has become increasingly clear in recent years that periodontal disease can cause a dramatic increase in the levels of markers of systemic @entity2 , and that periodontal treatment can result in reduction in the levels of these markers. We have previously shown that the prevalence of moderate to severe @entity6 was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with @entity7 than in @entity0 with @entity5 without @entity7 . Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate if chronic @entity6 is associated with secondary @entity7 in the Black Sea region of @entity3 . METHODS: A total of 112 @entity0 with biopsy-proven secondary @entity7 (59 @entity0 with @entity5 , 40 @entity0 who were either chronically infected or had @entity1 , 13 @entity0 with @entity6 ) and 22 healthy subjects, were included in this study. Periodontal health and disease were evaluated using gingival index (GI), @entity4 index (PBI), plaque index (PI), and periodontal disease index (PDI). The concentrations of serum acute phase reactants (APRs) were measured at baseline and at 4 to 6 weeks after completion of the non-surgical periodontal therapy. RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate to severe @entity6 was 47.5% in @entity0 with @entity5 , 72.5% in @entity0 who were either chronically infected or had @entity1 , and 84.6% in @entity0 with @entity6 . Serum levels of APRs in @entity0 with @entity7 were reduced significantly after non-surgical periodontal therapy (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontitis can increase the levels of APRs and potentiate the development of @entity7 either by themselves or association with traditional factors, such as @entity5 and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Thus, preventing or treating @entity6 might prevent or at least alleviate the progression of @entity7 . Periodontal evaluation should be performed as part of a medical assessment and considered as an etiologic factor for secondary @entity7 .

title: Interaction between periodontal disease and systemic secondary amyloidosis: from @entity2 to XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has become increasingly clear in recent years that periodontal disease can cause a dramatic increase in the levels of markers of systemic @entity2 , and that periodontal treatment can result in reduction in the levels of these markers. We have previously shown that the prevalence of moderate to severe @entity6 was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with @entity7 than in @entity0 with @entity5 without @entity7 . Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate if chronic @entity6 is associated with secondary @entity7 in the Black Sea region of @entity3 . METHODS: A total of 112 @entity0 with biopsy-proven secondary @entity7 (59 @entity0 with @entity5 , 40 @entity0 who were either chronically infected or had @entity1 , 13 @entity0 with @entity6 ) and 22 healthy subjects, were included in this study. Periodontal health and disease were evaluated using gingival index (GI), @entity4 index (PBI), plaque index (PI), and periodontal disease index (PDI). The concentrations of serum acute phase reactants (APRs) were measured at baseline and at 4 to 6 weeks after completion of the non-surgical periodontal therapy. RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate to severe @entity6 was 47.5% in @entity0 with @entity5 , 72.5% in @entity0 who were either chronically infected or had @entity1 , and 84.6% in @entity0 with @entity6 . Serum levels of APRs in @entity0 with @entity7 were reduced significantly after non-surgical periodontal therapy (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontitis can increase the levels of APRs and potentiate the development of @entity7 either by themselves or association with traditional factors, such as @entity5 and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Thus, preventing or treating @entity6 might prevent or at least alleviate the progression of @entity7 . Periodontal evaluation should be performed as part of a medical assessment and considered as an etiologic factor for secondary @entity7 .

title: Interaction between periodontal disease and systemic secondary amyloidosis: from XXXX to @entity7 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe cardiometabolic risk factors and risk clustering in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 121 subjects aged 18 to 73 years (mean, 37    12 years) with chronic, motor complete @entity5 between C5 and T12. Assessments included demographic, social, and medical history; physical, anthropometric, and blood pressure assessments; fasting serum assays including total @entity2 (TC), high-density lipoprotein @entity2 (HDL-C), @entity6 , and hemoglobin A1c; calculated low-density lipoprotein @entity2 (LDL-C); and an oral @entity4 tolerance test. Framingham risk scores (FRSs) for each subject were calculated on the basis of Third National @entity2 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel algorithm. RESULTS: According to FRSs, 90.1%, 8.3%, and 1.7% were classified in the low-, medium-, and high-risk groups, respectively. The most prevalent cardiometabolic risk factors were overweight/ @entity1 (74%), elevated LDL-C (64%), low HDL-C (53%), elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP, 33%), and elevated TC (30%). Stratification by level of injury demonstrated significant differences between paraplegic and tetraplegic @entity0 in SBP (120 vs 99 mm Hg, P = .0001), 2-hour @entity4 (101.37 vs 137.93 mg/dL, P = .0001), and 2-hour insulin (47.45 vs 94.36  IU/mL, P = .024). In addition, @entity6 , fasting insulin, body mass index, LDL-C, hemoglobin A1c, and insulin resistance were significantly associated with FRS. CONCLUSIONS: Ten percent of young @entity0 with @entity5 are at moderate to high risk for long-term hard @entity3 . Overweight/ @entity1 , LDL-C, HDL-C, SBP, and TC were the most prevalent risk factors. @entity8 metabolism is preferentially affected in @entity0 suffering from @entity7 , indicating a need for impairment-specific risk assessment.

title: Cardiometabolic risk in community-dwelling @entity0 with chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe cardiometabolic risk factors and risk clustering in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 121 subjects aged 18 to 73 years (mean, 37    12 years) with chronic, motor complete @entity5 between C5 and T12. Assessments included demographic, social, and medical history; physical, anthropometric, and blood pressure assessments; fasting serum assays including total @entity2 (TC), high-density lipoprotein @entity2 (HDL-C), @entity6 , and hemoglobin A1c; calculated low-density lipoprotein @entity2 (LDL-C); and an oral @entity4 tolerance test. Framingham risk scores (FRSs) for each subject were calculated on the basis of Third National @entity2 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel algorithm. RESULTS: According to FRSs, 90.1%, 8.3%, and 1.7% were classified in the low-, medium-, and high-risk groups, respectively. The most prevalent cardiometabolic risk factors were overweight/ @entity1 (74%), elevated LDL-C (64%), low HDL-C (53%), elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP, 33%), and elevated TC (30%). Stratification by level of injury demonstrated significant differences between paraplegic and tetraplegic @entity0 in SBP (120 vs 99 mm Hg, P = .0001), 2-hour @entity4 (101.37 vs 137.93 mg/dL, P = .0001), and 2-hour insulin (47.45 vs 94.36  IU/mL, P = .024). In addition, @entity6 , fasting insulin, body mass index, LDL-C, hemoglobin A1c, and insulin resistance were significantly associated with FRS. CONCLUSIONS: Ten percent of young @entity0 with @entity5 are at moderate to high risk for long-term hard @entity3 . Overweight/ @entity1 , LDL-C, HDL-C, SBP, and TC were the most prevalent risk factors. @entity8 metabolism is preferentially affected in @entity0 suffering from @entity7 , indicating a need for impairment-specific risk assessment.

title: Cardiometabolic risk in community-dwelling XXXX with chronic @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: antibiotic and @entity2 combination therapies, such as @entity8 with @entity5 , are often used in ophthalmology to treat or prevent @entity4 and @entity0 . The purpose of this study was to use a model of @entity7 keratitis to quantify and compare the effectiveness of a standard @entity8 and @entity5 combined therapy, with each drug individually, and with a new formulation of the two drugs in a xanthan gum vehicle. METHODS: @entity1 corneas were intrastromally injected with a @entity9 -sensitive @entity7 (MSSA) or a @entity9 -resistant @entity7 ( @entity7 . @entity1 eyes were treated every hour from 10 to 15 hours postinfection (PI) with 0.1% @entity5 , 0.3% @entity8 , 0.3% @entity8 with 0.1% @entity5 , or 0.3% @entity8 with 0.05% @entity5 in a xanthan gum vehicle (ST). @entity10 ( @entity10 ) were performed on infected eyes and pathology scored at 15 hours PI. At 16 hours PI, colony forming units (CFUs) per @entity3 were quantified. RESULTS: the CFUs in eyes treated with @entity5 alone were similar to untreated control eyes for MSSA or @entity7 infections. All other treatment groups had significantly less CFUs per @entity6 . The eyes treated with the ST formulation had significantly fewer CFUs per @entity3 than all other treatment groups when infected with MSSA or @entity7 . The @entity10 scores of MSSA or @entity7 infected eyes treated with @entity8 alone were similar to untreated control eyes. All other treatment groups had significantly lower @entity10 scores than untreated controls eyes, but were not significantly different from each other. CONCLUSION: the results of this study demonstrated that the @entity8 and @entity5 combination therapy with a xanthan gum vehicle has an improved bactericidal effectiveness compared to the commercially available formulation, and maintains a similar anti-inflammatory effect while containing half the amount of @entity2 .

title: The effectiveness of an improved combination therapy for experimental XXXX keratitis.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Among 1480 @entity0 treated for @entity1 of the rectosigmoid over a 30-year period, 24 @entity0 underwent total pelvic exenteration. These @entity0 , 13 @entity0 and 11 @entity0 , had a median age of 64 years. Pathologic staging revealed 15 Dukes' B and nine @entity2 . For 17 @entity0 , this operation was the only form of therapy. The operative mortality rate was 20.8%; however, the mortality rate has decreased to 13.3% during the past 20 years and to 9% in the past decade. Five complications occurred in the group surviving the procedure, resulting in a 26.3% morbidity rate. Three of the five complications occurred in @entity0 who had previous radiation therapy or surgery. The overall 5-year survival rate was 41.6%. Those @entity0 surviving the operation had 5- and 10-year survival rates of 52.6% and 31.5%, respectively. There were seven @entity0 in whom the disease recurred at an average of 20.3 months after exenteration, and all died an average of 8 months later. The recurrence rate for @entity0 with Dukes' B lesions was 27% compared with 57% for @entity0 with @entity2 . The remaining 12 disease-free @entity0 had a mean survival of 11 years. At present, four @entity0 are alive and well 6 to 30 years after exenteration. The best predictor of morbidity was treatment before exenteration (p less than .005). Age older than 65 years and the presence of nodal metastases may contribute to increased mortality rates and recurrence, respectively, but these relationships were not statistically significant for the group. Total pelvic exenteration is advocated for selected primary, locally advanced, @entity2 in good-risk @entity0 ; it can be achieved now with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates and a survival rate in excess of 40% at 5 years.

title: Exenterative surgery for locally advanced XXXX . Is it worthwhile?

answer: @entity1


abstract: During a 22-year period (1962-1984) 52 carotid body @entity1 were encountered in 50 @entity0 . In addition, 2 of the @entity0 had @entity1 of the glomus intravagale. One @entity0 had a recurrent @entity1 , the first one having been removed 23 years previously. The ages ranged from 23 to 80 years, the female/male ratio was 2:1, and the right side was affected twice as often as the left. Four @entity0 were treated non-surgically; 3 were too elderly and frail to undergo the operation and in the 4th case the @entity1 was considered inoperable. In 2 cases excision was attempted but abandoned for technical reasons. In the remaining 44 @entity0 46 @entity1 were excised, with grafting of the internal carotid artery in 6 cases. There were 2 deaths (4.5%), 1 after @entity4 and 1 a @entity3 . Eight @entity0 were left with @entity2 , which had been present preoperatively in 5 cases. Of the @entity1 7 (13.5%) were found to be malignant. The results of endocrine studies when undertaken were normal. Although ultrasonography and computed tomography were used in some cases, arteriography was the definitive mode of investigation.

title: XXXX . A review of 52 cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: When @entity1 embryos are cultured in @entity0 - and @entity2 -free medium (CMFM), the blastomeres lose adhesion but continue dividing to form a loose heap of cells. If divalent cations are restored at the early gastrula stage the cells re-adhere and eventually form muscle (a mesodermal cell type) as well as epidermis. If, however, the cells are dispersed during culture in CMFM, muscle does not form following reaggregation although epidermis does. This suggests that culturing blastomeres in a heap allows the transmission of mesoderm-induction signals from cell to cell while dispersion effectively dilutes the signal. In this paper, we have attempted to substitute for cell proximity by culturing dispersed blastomeres in XTC @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We find that dispersed cells do not respond to XTC- @entity3 by forming mesodermal cell types after reaggregation, but the factor does inhibit epidermal differentiation. One interpretation of this observation is that an early stage in mesoderm induction is the suppression of epidermal differentiation and that formation of mesoderm may require contact-mediated signals that are produced in response to XTC- @entity3 . We have gone on to study the suppression of epidermal differentiation in more detail. We find that this is a dose-dependent phenomenon that can occur in single cells in the absence of cell division. Animal pole blastomeres become more difficult to divert from epidermal differentiation at later stages of development and by stage 12 they are 'determined' to this fate. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) also suppresses epidermal differentiation in isolated animal pole blastomeres and @entity4 acts synergistically with FGF in doing so.

title: Mesoderm induction in XXXX : responding cells must be in contact for mesoderm formation but suppression of epidermal differentiation can occur in single cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To report 5 cases of @entity8 . METHODS: All @entity0 underwent ophthalmological, clinical and neuroradiological evaluation. RESULTS: At presentation all @entity0 (4 @entity0 and one adult @entity0 ) had unilateral proptosis. @entity4 was present in 3 @entity0 , @entity6 and @entity10 in 2. @entity7 with @entity1 was noticed in one @entity0 . Palatal localization was found in 2 @entity0 , maxillofacial localization in one. Associated @entity5 was present in one @entity0 . Three @entity0 who underwent surgery, developed recurrences. No regression of @entity9 was noticed nor with Interferon, nor with @entity2 . CONCLUSION: @entity9 has to be included in the differential diagnosis of childhood proptosis. Extraorbital localization, under which associated intracranial developmental @entity3 , has to be searched for. In most of the cases conservative treatment is mandatory.

title: XXXX : clinical features and management.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity2 and alterations in endothelial cell (EC) permeability are key events to development of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Protective effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) have been shown against inflammatory signaling and endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by gram-negative bacterial wall liposaccharide. We hypothesized that ANP may possess more general protective effects and @entity2 and EC barrier dysfunction by suppressing inflammatory cascades and barrier-disruptive mechanisms shared by gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. C57BL/6J wild-type or ANP knockout @entity1 ( @entity7 -/-) were treated with gram-positive bacterial cell wall compounds, @entity6 -derived peptidoglycan (PepG) and/or lipoteichoic acid ( @entity8 ) (intratracheal, 2.5 mg/kg each), with or without ANP (intravenous, 2  g/kg). In vitro, @entity0 pulmonary EC barrier properties were assessed by morphological analysis of gap formation and measurements of transendothelial electrical resistance. LTA and PepG markedly increased pulmonary EC permeability and activated p38 and ERK1/2 MAP kinases, NF-kB, and Rho/Rho kinase signaling. EC barrier dysfunction was further elevated upon combined LTA and PepG treatment, but abolished by ANP pretreatment. In vivo, LTA and PepG-induced accumulation of protein and cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, tissue neutrophil infiltration, and increased Evans blue extravasation in the lungs was significantly attenuated by intravenous injection of ANP. Accumulation of bronchoalveolar lavage markers of LTA/PepG-induced @entity2 and barrier dysfunction was further augmented in ANP-/- @entity1 and attenuated by exogenous ANP injection. These results strongly suggest a protective role of ANP in the in vitro and in vivo models of @entity5 associated with gram-positive @entity3 . Thus ANP may have important implications in therapeutic strategies aimed at the treatment of @entity4 and @entity5 -induced gram-positive bacterial pathogens.

title: Atrial natriuretic peptide protects against XXXX -induced lung injury and endothelial barrier dysfunction.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 (SM), a major lipid constituent of outer leaflet of plasma membranes, with @entity1 , constitutes microdomains, which are termed as lipid rafts. These rafts provide support to proteins, receptors, enzymes, and so on and organize and orient them to conduct cellular functions including transmembrane signaling to substances in external milieu. The SM contents are regulated by its metabolism, changes in which may affect the composition of lipid rafts and cell response to the triggers of @entity2 which may lead to the pathophysiology. For studying changes in membranes, erythrocytes, which contain lipid rafts, are considered to be the best cell type. Hence, this study was conducted on plasma membrane of erythrocytes of @entity3 @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: The objective is to understand the changes in SM metabolism in @entity2 . METHODS: The study included 50 subjects (25 asthmatics and 25 healthy subjects). Erythrocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood and membrane prepared. This was followed by determination of total @entity1 , phospholipids, SM, and sphingomyelinase activity. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In asthmatics, there was a significant decrease in @entity1 contents (p < .05), decrease in total phospholipid contents (p < .005), increase in SM (p < .01), decrease in @entity1 : SM ratio (p < .001) and increase in sphingomyelinase activity (p < .001) in erythrocyte membranes. We conclude that in @entity2 , the increase in SM contents is associated with @entity4 which shows an imbalance in SM metabolism, directed toward its accumulation. The ratio of @entity1 to SM, critical for maintenance of lipid rafts, was significantly lower in asthmatics. This indicates changes in structure of lipid rafts which may lead to the pathophysiology and development of @entity2 . Regulation of SM metabolism may help in disease regulation and its control.

title: XXXX metabolism in erythrocyte membrane in @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 (SM), a major lipid constituent of outer leaflet of plasma membranes, with @entity1 , constitutes microdomains, which are termed as lipid rafts. These rafts provide support to proteins, receptors, enzymes, and so on and organize and orient them to conduct cellular functions including transmembrane signaling to substances in external milieu. The SM contents are regulated by its metabolism, changes in which may affect the composition of lipid rafts and cell response to the triggers of @entity2 which may lead to the pathophysiology. For studying changes in membranes, erythrocytes, which contain lipid rafts, are considered to be the best cell type. Hence, this study was conducted on plasma membrane of erythrocytes of @entity3 @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: The objective is to understand the changes in SM metabolism in @entity2 . METHODS: The study included 50 subjects (25 asthmatics and 25 healthy subjects). Erythrocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood and membrane prepared. This was followed by determination of total @entity1 , phospholipids, SM, and sphingomyelinase activity. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In asthmatics, there was a significant decrease in @entity1 contents (p < .05), decrease in total phospholipid contents (p < .005), increase in SM (p < .01), decrease in @entity1 : SM ratio (p < .001) and increase in sphingomyelinase activity (p < .001) in erythrocyte membranes. We conclude that in @entity2 , the increase in SM contents is associated with @entity4 which shows an imbalance in SM metabolism, directed toward its accumulation. The ratio of @entity1 to SM, critical for maintenance of lipid rafts, was significantly lower in asthmatics. This indicates changes in structure of lipid rafts which may lead to the pathophysiology and development of @entity2 . Regulation of SM metabolism may help in disease regulation and its control.

title: @entity5 metabolism in erythrocyte membrane in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Copy number variants (CNVs) have recently been reported to be associated with several autoimmune conditions. Moreover, loci involved in immunity are enriched in CNVs. Therefore, we hypothesized that CNVs in immune genes associated with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) may contribute to the etiology of disease. METHODS: One hundred ninety-one North American Caucasian @entity2 @entity0 and 192 Caucasian controls were analyzed for CNVs in three major immune regulatory genes: @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . Copy number was determined using quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR) assays specifically designed for determining copy numbers in genomic DNA. Additionally, a well-characterized @entity1 in the amylase gene was typed in a separate dataset of DNA samples that were derived from cell lines or blood. RESULTS: No CNVs could be confirmed in the @entity3 and @entity4 genes, even though a @entity3 @entity1 is cataloged in the Database of Genomic Variants. Only the @entity5 @entity1 was confirmed in our cohort, but it was rare and appeared in only two individuals. A key finding was that the source of DNA has a significant effect on @entity1 typing. There was a statistically significant increase in amylase locus deletions in cell line-derived DNA compared to blood-derived DNA samples. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity1 analysis should be performed only using blood-derived DNA Samples. Additionally, the @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity5 loci do not harbor CNVs that play a role in the etiology of @entity2 .

title: Analysis of immune regulatory genes' copy number variants in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Favorable long-term @entity0 outcome after insertion of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) as a bridge to recovery or destination therapy for the treatment of end-stage @entity2 is adversely affected by pathophysiologic changes affecting the heart. Alterations in the native aortic valve apparatus, specifically aortic valve cusp fusion, is an example of such a phenomenon and may especially affect @entity0 in cases of bridge to recovery, a rare but reported event. A retrospective review of the last 33 LVAD placements at our institution was conducted, including reviews of operative reports and pathologic examinations of the native hearts. Seven hearts were found to have varying degrees of aortic valve cusp fusion after chronic LVAD support (63-1, 339 days). Five of these @entity0 had native aortic valves, and two had bioprosthetic valves. The left ventricular outflow tracts in two @entity0 were surgically occluded at the time of LVAD insertion. Aortic valve cusp fusion occurs in roughly 25% of @entity0 on chronic LVAD support. This phenomenon may prove to be clinically significant by creating a potential source of @entity1 . In addition, in the case of @entity2 , left @entity3 could limit parallel flow and produce suprasystemic ventricular pressures that in turn would elevate left ventricular end diastolic pressures. The latter may contribute to further @entity2 , ultimately limiting the ability of an otherwise recovered heart to be weaned from LVAD support.

title: XXXX associated with chronic ventricular assist device support.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) are becoming first-line therapies for the treatment of @entity4 and preservation (rehabilitation) of erectile function following treatment for @entity3 . Currently, there is limited efficacy of the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in elderly @entity0 , or @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity5 . AIM: The article aims to study the role of @entity10 in @entity0 following @entity3 therapy. RESULTS: Alternative therapies such as @entity10 have emerged as one of the primary options for @entity0 refractory to oral therapy. @entity10 has also been successfully used in combination treatment with oral therapy and penile injections. More recently, there has been interest in the use of @entity10 in early intervention protocols to encourage corporeal rehabilitation and prevention of @entity9 . This is evident by the preservation of @entity7 and girth that is seen with early use of the @entity10 following radical prostatectomy. There are ongoing studies to help preserve @entity7 and girth with early use of @entity10 following prostate brachytherapy and external beam radiation for @entity3 . Recently, there has also been interest in the use of @entity10 to help maintain @entity7 following surgical correction of @entity6 and to increase penile size prior to implantation of the penile prosthesis. CONCLUSION: @entity8 can be one of the options for penile rehabilitation after @entity3 therapy.

title: @entity8 revisited: its emerging role in the treatment of XXXX and early penile rehabilitation following @entity3 therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) are becoming first-line therapies for the treatment of @entity4 and preservation (rehabilitation) of erectile function following treatment for @entity3 . Currently, there is limited efficacy of the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in elderly @entity0 , or @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity5 . AIM: The article aims to study the role of @entity10 in @entity0 following @entity3 therapy. RESULTS: Alternative therapies such as @entity10 have emerged as one of the primary options for @entity0 refractory to oral therapy. @entity10 has also been successfully used in combination treatment with oral therapy and penile injections. More recently, there has been interest in the use of @entity10 in early intervention protocols to encourage corporeal rehabilitation and prevention of @entity9 . This is evident by the preservation of @entity7 and girth that is seen with early use of the @entity10 following radical prostatectomy. There are ongoing studies to help preserve @entity7 and girth with early use of @entity10 following prostate brachytherapy and external beam radiation for @entity3 . Recently, there has also been interest in the use of @entity10 to help maintain @entity7 following surgical correction of @entity6 and to increase penile size prior to implantation of the penile prosthesis. CONCLUSION: @entity8 can be one of the options for penile rehabilitation after @entity3 therapy.

title: @entity8 revisited: its emerging role in the treatment of @entity4 and early penile rehabilitation following XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) are becoming first-line therapies for the treatment of @entity4 and preservation (rehabilitation) of erectile function following treatment for @entity3 . Currently, there is limited efficacy of the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in elderly @entity0 , or @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity5 . AIM: The article aims to study the role of @entity10 in @entity0 following @entity3 therapy. RESULTS: Alternative therapies such as @entity10 have emerged as one of the primary options for @entity0 refractory to oral therapy. @entity10 has also been successfully used in combination treatment with oral therapy and penile injections. More recently, there has been interest in the use of @entity10 in early intervention protocols to encourage corporeal rehabilitation and prevention of @entity9 . This is evident by the preservation of @entity7 and girth that is seen with early use of the @entity10 following radical prostatectomy. There are ongoing studies to help preserve @entity7 and girth with early use of @entity10 following prostate brachytherapy and external beam radiation for @entity3 . Recently, there has also been interest in the use of @entity10 to help maintain @entity7 following surgical correction of @entity6 and to increase penile size prior to implantation of the penile prosthesis. CONCLUSION: @entity8 can be one of the options for penile rehabilitation after @entity3 therapy.

title: XXXX revisited: its emerging role in the treatment of @entity4 and early penile rehabilitation following @entity3 therapy.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse pathophysiology of adhesions and their link with chronic @entity7 , as well as therapeutic and prevention options as reported in the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of articles and consensus conferences published on this topic in the Medline (Pubmed) database, selected according to their scientific relevance. RESULTS: Postoperative adhesions are responsible for a specific morbidity combining @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity3 , and morbidity increase in the event of subsequent surgery. @entity5 in previously operated on @entity0 can be linked to postoperative adhesions. Ultrasonography and dynamic MRI can recognize intra abdominal adhesions, but cannot definitely link them to the @entity8 . The prevention of adhesions is done firstly by respecting surgical rules concerning laparoscopic and open surgical approaches, and secondly by the use of anti-adhesion products. Pharmacological adhesion prevention systems decrease the frequency and extent of adhesions. Their efficiency has been proved by studies with substantial evidence levels. @entity0 suffering from potentially adhesion-induced chronic @entity4 can benefit from a laparoscopic adhesiolysis, which improved @entity2 symptoms in more than 50% of @entity0 , but exposes to the risk of complications, such as @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The decision to perform adhesiolysis should be taken for each @entity0 individually, while taking in consideration the benefit-to-risk ratio. Adhesion relapse after adhesiolysis is a frequent phenomenon, but can be reduced by the use of anti-adhesion products.

title: [Adhesions and chronic XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: The @entity0 endometrium develops new capillaries from existing microvessels, i.e. angiogenesis, which then undergo maturation and remodeling, i.e. investment of microvessels with periendothelial mural cells, into a new vascular network during each menstrual cycle. Improper vascularization of the endometrium may cause implantation failure and @entity4 . @entity3 and @entity6 have pivotal roles in establishing this vascular bed, but the cellular sites and mechanisms of action of these @entity2 hormones are incompletely understood. @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity7 , and @entity5 and their receptors are expressed in the @entity0 and nonhuman primate endometrium and interact to control vascular development and remodeling. @entity1 synthesis within and neovascularization of the endometrium seem to be sustained and ongoing processes designed to progressively promote growth and development of the endometrium with advancing stages of the menstrual cycle. However, @entity3 rapidly upregulates @entity1 expression by endometrial glandular epithelial and stromal cells in vivo in the nonhuman primate and in vitro in the @entity0 . Reports of the effects of @entity6 on endometrial @entity1 formation, however, are inconsistent and may reflect regulatory actions on particular isoforms of @entity1 . In addition, @entity3 has effects on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, which may be direct or mediated by @entity1 . Very little is known, however, about the @entity2 hormone regulation of other angiostimulatory and angioinhibitory factors, e.g. @entity8 , in the endometrium. Moreover, the role of @entity2 hormones acting directly, or indirectly via @entity1 and other angiogenic factors, on expression of integrins, cell adhesion and other molecules required for cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions important for angiogenesis in the @entity0 and nonhuman primate endometrium is largely unknown. Finally, further study is needed of cell-specific responsivity and function in the @entity0 endometrium with respect to @entity2 hormone regulation of angiogenesis.

title: XXXX hormone regulation of angiogenesis in the primate endometrium.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We examined whether volume kinetic variables obtained during infusion of a short bolus of 0.9% saline (NS) or 7.5% saline/6.0% dextran 70 ( @entity1 ) predict the dilution-time curve resulting from a 20-min infusion of the same fluid. Each of six conscious, splenectomized @entity0 (mean body weight, 36 +/- 3 kg), on 4 different days, in a random order, received each of 4 IV boluses: NS at a rate of 1.2 mL. kg(-1). min(-1) over 5 min or 20 min or 4.0 mL/kg of @entity1 over 2 min or 20 min. One, 2, and 3-volume kinetic models were fitted to the dilution of the arterial hemoglobin concentration and the urinary excretion as sampled during 180 min. The maximum dilution of arterial plasma at the end of the 5-min and 20-min infusions of NS was approximately 10% and 22%, respectively, and after the 2-min and 20-min infusions of @entity1 , maximum dilution was 24% and 21%, respectively. The median absolute performance error was virtually identical when the mean variable estimates from the 5-min infusion of NS were used to predict the individual dilution-time curves of the 5-min (mean, 0.027 dilution units) and 20-min (mean, 0.027) infusions and when the 2-min infusion of @entity1 was used to predict the dilution during the individual 2-min (mean, 0.050) and 20-min infusions (mean, 0.047). Computer simulations indicated that the difference at the end of infusion between the volume effects of NS and @entity1 is larger after longer infusions. We concluded that the volume kinetic variables obtained during a short infusion can be used to predict the outcome of a longer one, even if the longer infusion also delivers a larger volume. IMPLICATIONS: Kinetic analysis of a short infusion of 7.5% saline/6% dextran or 0.9% saline accurately predicts the effects of a longer infusion of the same volume (7.5% saline/6% dextran) or of a larger volume (0.9% saline).

title: Influence of rate and volume of infusion on the kinetics of 0.9% saline and 7.5% saline/6.0% dextran 70 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We surveyed current German practice in @entity1 (EA). Of 300 questionnaires sent anonymously, 147 (49%) were returned fully completed. A 24-h @entity7 ( @entity7 ) was offered in 41% of German hospitals. Seventy percent of the large teaching hospitals (>1000 beds) offered an @entity7 , whereas just 9% of the hospitals of <500 beds provided an @entity7 . Small-size hospitals (<200 beds) preferred @entity5 as the local anesthetic (LA) in contrast to large teaching hospitals using more @entity4 than @entity5 . In the general ward setting, 36% of the respondents used plain LA, and 64% combined the LA with an opioid. If @entity5 was used, 0.2% was the most popular concentration (78%), combined with @entity3 (17%), @entity6 (14%), or @entity2 (75%). If @entity4 was used, 0.25% was the preferred concentration (30%), combined with @entity3 (40%), @entity6 (8%), or @entity2 (60%). On wards, 58% of German anesthetic departments used continuous epidural infusion, 57% bolus doses, and 20% @entity0 -controlled EA mode. We conclude that the availability of a 24-h @entity7 (41%) in German hospitals corresponds favorably to international data. EA with the combination of LAs and opioids was the most common modality in the ward setting. IMPLICATIONS: We surveyed current German practice in @entity1 . We found that the availability of a 24-h @entity7 (41%) in German hospitals corresponds favorably to international practice. Epidural analgesia with the combination of local anesthetics and opioids was the most common modality in the ward setting.

title: Current practice in XXXX : a german survey.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The cellular actions of @entity1 hormone @entity3 (P) are mediated via its nuclear receptors, which regulate the expression of specific target genes. The identity of gene networks that are regulated by the P receptors (PRs) in the uterus at various stages of the reproductive cycle and pregnancy, however, remain largely unknown. In this study, we have used oligonucleotide microarrays to identify mRNAs whose expression in the pregnant @entity0 uterus is modulated by @entity4 , a well-characterized PR antagonist, which is also an effective inhibitor of implantation. We found that, in response to @entity4 , expression of mRNAs corresponding to 78 known genes was down-regulated at least 2-fold in the preimplantation @entity0 uterus. The PR regulation of several of these genes was ascertained by administering P to ovariectomized wild-type and PR knockout (PRKO) @entity0 . Detailed spatio-temporal analysis of these genes in the pregnant uterus indicated that their expression in the epithelium and stroma could be correlated with the expression of PR in those cell types. Furthermore, time-course studies suggested that many of these genes are likely primary targets of PR regulation. We also identified 70 known genes that were up-regulated at least 2-fold in the pregnant uterus in response to @entity4 . Interestingly, initial examination of a number of @entity4 -inducible genes reveals that their uterine expression is also regulated by @entity2 . The identification of several novel PR-regulated gene pathways in the reproductive tract is an important step toward understanding how P regulates the physiological events leading to implantation.

title: A genomic approach to identify novel XXXX receptor regulated pathways in the uterus during implantation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: After resection of @entity10 , @entity0 are at risk for development of @entity9 , @entity3 , and @entity8 . However, the prevalence and pathophysiology of these complications are unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of @entity8 in @entity0 after resection of @entity5 and to study the potential factors that contribute to this @entity1 if present. We further hypothesized that decrements in orexin levels may contribute to the @entity1 . METHODS: Six @entity0 who underwent @entity6 /pituitary surgery were identified. Five of these @entity0 and 5 matched control subjects underwent overnight polysomnography followed by a multiple sleep latency test. @entity0 who had a primary @entity1 ( @entity2 ) underwent treatment and were restudied subsequently (n = 2). Blood levels of pituitary hormones were measured. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were drawn from 4 @entity0 and 3 control subjects to measure orexin levels. RESULTS: Endocrine control was appropriate in all @entity0 . Although @entity0 had longer sleep duration but similar sleep efficiency than control subjects, relatively severe daytime somnolence was present (mean sleep latency: 10.3 +/- 5.3 minutes vs 26.2 +/- 1.1 minute in control subjects). Sleepiness did not correlate with body mass index or age. Furthermore, serum and CSF orexin levels did not differ between @entity0 and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity1 is frequent among @entity0 who undergo pituitary/ @entity6 surgery and does not seem to result from inappropriate @entity4 or @entity7 replacement, disturbed nocturnal sleep, or low levels of orexin in the serum or CSF. We therefore speculate that other, unidentified neurohormonal mechanisms may mediate the excessive @entity1 of these @entity0 .

title: Severe XXXX after pituitary/ @entity6 surgery in adolescents: clinical characteristics and potential mechanisms.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVES: After resection of @entity10 , @entity0 are at risk for development of @entity9 , @entity3 , and @entity8 . However, the prevalence and pathophysiology of these complications are unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of @entity8 in @entity0 after resection of @entity5 and to study the potential factors that contribute to this @entity1 if present. We further hypothesized that decrements in orexin levels may contribute to the @entity1 . METHODS: Six @entity0 who underwent @entity6 /pituitary surgery were identified. Five of these @entity0 and 5 matched control subjects underwent overnight polysomnography followed by a multiple sleep latency test. @entity0 who had a primary @entity1 ( @entity2 ) underwent treatment and were restudied subsequently (n = 2). Blood levels of pituitary hormones were measured. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were drawn from 4 @entity0 and 3 control subjects to measure orexin levels. RESULTS: Endocrine control was appropriate in all @entity0 . Although @entity0 had longer sleep duration but similar sleep efficiency than control subjects, relatively severe daytime somnolence was present (mean sleep latency: 10.3 +/- 5.3 minutes vs 26.2 +/- 1.1 minute in control subjects). Sleepiness did not correlate with body mass index or age. Furthermore, serum and CSF orexin levels did not differ between @entity0 and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity1 is frequent among @entity0 who undergo pituitary/ @entity6 surgery and does not seem to result from inappropriate @entity4 or @entity7 replacement, disturbed nocturnal sleep, or low levels of orexin in the serum or CSF. We therefore speculate that other, unidentified neurohormonal mechanisms may mediate the excessive @entity1 of these @entity0 .

title: Severe @entity8 after pituitary/ XXXX surgery in adolescents: clinical characteristics and potential mechanisms.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: This report reviews our experience with 5,203 totally extraperitoneal (TEP) endoscopic hernia repairs performed in 3,868 @entity0 over the 7.5-year period between May 1994 and December 2001, 34.5% of whom had @entity5 and 13% recurrent @entity5 . METHODS: We performed TEP as the method of choice in more than 92% of all the @entity0 presenting with @entity3 , including those with incarcerated, strangulated, or @entity5 . After reduction of the hernial sac and appropriate dissection of the preperitoneal space, we placed a slit-free 10 x 15-cm @entity8 mesh without the use of staple fixation. RESULTS: Altogether, 29 recurrent @entity5 (0.6%) were observed, more than 50% of which occurred during the first 2 years after the technique was introduced (1.8%). During subsequent years, the recurrence rate settled to approximately 0.3%. Regarding intraoperative complications, we observed eight @entity2 to the bladder. At this writing, no bowel @entity2 or damage to iliac vessels has been seen. Postoperatively, we noted only a single case of @entity4 . In 14 cases (0.4%), @entity1 necessitated either inguinal or endoscopic reoperation. As a further major complication, a @entity6 caused by inadequate closure of a @entity7 occurred in two @entity0 (0.05%). The overall reoperation rate for the 3,868 @entity0 was 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS: We consider TEP to be a procedure that carries an acceptably low complication rate, combining the advantages of minor access surgery and mesh reinforcement of the groin. This approach is associated with early postoperative return to usual activities and a very low recurrence rate.

title: Totally extraperitoneal endoscopic XXXX (TEP).

answer: @entity3


abstract: Cyanobacterial blooms are potential health hazards in water supply reservoirs. This paper reports analyses of a @entity4 by use of PCR-based methods for direct detection and identification of strains present and determination of their toxigenicity. Serial samples from Malpas Dam, in the New England region of Australia, were analyzed during a prolonged, mixed @entity4 in the summer of 2000 to 2001. Malpas Dam has been shown in the past to have toxic blooms of @entity6 that have caused @entity3 in the @entity0 population drinking from this water supply reservoir. Cyanobacterial genera were detected at low cell numbers by PCR amplification of the phycocyanin intergenic spacer region between the genes for the beta and alpha subunits. The potential for @entity5 production was determined by PCR amplification of a gene in the @entity5 biosynthesis pathway. The potential for @entity7 production was determined by PCR amplification of a region of the 16S rRNA gene of Anabaena circinalis strains. @entity2 of samples was established by @entity1 bioassay and high-pressure liquid chromatography. We show that bloom components can be identified and monitored for toxigenicity by PCR more effectively than by other methods such as microscopy and @entity1 bioassay. We also show that toxigenic strains of Anabaena and @entity6 spp. occur at this site and that, over the course of the bloom, the cell types and @entity2 changed. This work demonstrates that PCR detection of potential @entity2 can enhance the management of a significant public health hazard.

title: Monitoring changing toxigenicity of a XXXX by molecular methods.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with @entity3 is recommended for transplant recipients with positive @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, @entity1 could be an imperfect identifier of @entity4 in this population. In addition, the risk of @entity3 hepatotoxicity could be high in liver transplant recipients (LTR). A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of @entity4 in LTR. METHODS: Charts of all 547 @entity0 who received primary liver transplantation at a University Hospital in Spain between 1988 and 1998 were reviewed. RESULTS: @entity1 was performed in 373 @entity0 (71%) before transplantation. The result was positive in 89 (24%). The median follow-up after transplantation was 49 months. None of the @entity1 -positive @entity0 developed @entity2 ( @entity2 ), but 5 out of 284 @entity0 with negative @entity1 (1.76%) had active @entity2 (P=0.6). Twenty-three @entity0 received @entity3 as treatment of @entity4 according to the decision of the attending physician. None of these @entity0 developed @entity2 , but 4 of them (17%) presented @entity3 hepatotoxicity. Among @entity0 who did not receive @entity3 , 2 out of 21 (9.52%) with radiologic previous @entity2 developed active @entity2 versus 0.44% (2/452) among the remaining @entity0 (relative risk [RR], 27.8, 95% CI, 3.2-147). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity4 with @entity3 can not be recommended to LTR on the basis of a positive @entity1 because it is an imperfect identifier of @entity0 at risk of @entity2 . LTR with radiologic features of previous @entity2 are at higher risk of posttransplant active @entity2 . @entity3 -related hepatotoxicity is more frequent among LTR than in the general population.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX in liver transplant recipients in an endemic area.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whereas clinical pancreatic transplantation has been highly successful in correcting the @entity5 of @entity4 (type 1), the results of islet transplantation have been disappointing. This discrepancy may be because of, at least in part, nonspecific loss of islets during the time required for revascularization. To test this hypothesis, we have designed composite kidney grafts containing vascularized autologous islets that can be used to compare the engraftment potential of vascularized versus nonvascularized islet tissue. METHODS: (1) Islet-cell isolation: miniature @entity3 underwent either partial pancreatectomy to isolate autologous islets or total pancreatectomy to isolate minor antigen-mismatched islets. Islets were purified from excised pancreatic tissue by enzymatic digestion and discontinuous density gradient purification. Isolated islets were cultured for 3 days before transplant. (2) Creation of vascularized islet kidneys (IK): autologous islets alone (n=6), minor-mismatched islets alone (n=3), and minor-mismatched islets plus simultaneous autologous thymic tissue (n=3) were transplanted beneath the renal capsule of juvenile miniature swine. Minor antigen-mismatched islets were also transplanted into both the vascularized thymic graft of a thymokidney (to produce a thymo-islet kidney [TIK]) and the contralateral native kidney (n=3) and both the host thymus and beneath the renal capsule (n=2). All recipients receiving minor-mismatched islets were treated with a 12-day intravenous (IV) course of either @entity0 ( @entity1 ) at 10 mg/kg per day or @entity2 at 0.15 mg/kg per day. (3) Assessment of Function: to evaluate the function of the transplanted islets, three animals bearing TIK and IK underwent total pancreatectomy 3 months following islet transplantation. RESULTS: (1) Islet-cell yields: an average of 254,960+/-51,879 (4,452+/-932 islet equivalents [IEQ]/gram of pancreas) and 374,410+/-9,548 (4,183+/-721 IEQ/gram of pancreas) viable islets were obtained by partial pancreatectomy and complete pancreatectomy, respectively. (2) Creation of IK: autologous islets engrafted indefinitely, whereas recipients of minor-mismatched islets alone rejected the islets within 2 months. However, when minor-mismatched islets were implanted into both the thymokidney and the contralateral kidney of animals bearing a thymokidney, the islets engrafted indefinitely in both sites (>3 months). Simultaneous implantation of islets into the host thymus and under the renal capsule also led to permanent engraftment of minor-mismatched islets. (3) Function of vascularized islets: three animals with both a TIK and an IK in place for 3 months underwent total pancreatectomy. All three animals maintained normoglycemia thereafter. In two of these animals, the IKs were removed 2 months after the pancreatectomy, and in both cases normoglycemia was maintained thereafter by the TIK. CONCLUSIONS: The implantation of islets beneath the autologous renal capsule permitted the establishment of a vascular supply and thereby supported normal islet-cell growth and function. The presence of thymic tissue beneath the autologous renal capsule facilitated the engraftment of minor-mismatched islets, and such grafts achieved results similar to autologous islet transplants. Therefore, the ability to create vascularized islet grafts may provide a strategy for successful islet transplantation across allogeneic and potentially across xenogeneic barriers.

title: Vascularized islet-cell transplantation in miniature XXXX . I. Preparation of vascularized islet kidneys.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endothelial chimerism, that is, the replacement of damaged donor endothelium by recipient precursors, has been proposed to reduce the allogeneic stimulus and graft rejection. However, both its mechanism and consequence are poorly understood. In this study, we set up a @entity0 model of renal transplantation to investigate the phenomenon of endothelial chimerism and the relationship among the factors involved in its induction, such as @entity3 , severity of graft rejections, and the role of @entity5 @entity4 . METHODS: Female Lewis @entity0 received renal transplants from male Brown Norway kidneys. Groups were divided according to @entity2 or nonischemia of the donor kidney and @entity5 treatment or nonimmunosuppression. To investigate the endothelial chimerism, an in situ hybridization by an X-chromosome-specific DNA probe was performed. The severity of allograft rejection was scored according to the Banff '97 classification. RESULTS: In grafts without @entity3 or without @entity5 treatment, a low degree of endothelial chimerism was detected, although severe vascular rejection and tissue @entity1 developed. More chimerism was found in recipients receiving an ischemic kidney followed by immunosuppressive treatment, although less severe rejection developed. In recipients receiving an ischemic kidney without @entity5 treatment, the highest degree of endothelial chimerism occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Endothelial chimerism demonstrated in @entity0 after renal transplantation may be caused by endothelial damage induced by vascular rejection or @entity2 . @entity2 had the strongest association with the induction of chimerism, which may function as a synergistic promoter. A low-dose @entity5 treatment was shown to inhibit endothelial replacement.

title: Endothelial cell chimerism after renal transplantation in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Multiresistant Shiga toxin-producing @entity4 (STEC) O118:H16 and O118 nonmotile strains (designated O118:[H16]) were detected by examination of 171 STEC isolates for their antimicrobial sensitivity. Of 48 STEC O118:[H16] strains, 98% were resistant to @entity13 , 96% were resistant to @entity11 , 79% were resistant to @entity12 , 75% were resistant to @entity7 , 67% were resistant to @entity8 , 60% were resistant to @entity10 , 48% were resistant to @entity1 , and 10% each were resistant to @entity5 and @entity6 . @entity6 resistance and reduced susceptibility to @entity9 were associated with the mutation gyrA(LEU-83). The STEC O118:[H16] strains were found to belong to a single genetic clone as investigated by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and by multilocus sequence analysis of @entity4 housekeeping genes. The STEC O118:[H16] strains originated from @entity0 and @entity2 and were isolated in seven different countries of Europe between 1986 and 1999. Strains showing multiresistance to up to eight different antimicrobials predominated among the more recent STEC O118:[H16] strains. The genes in parentheses were associated with resistance to @entity12 (aphA1-Ia), @entity10 ( @entity16 ), @entity7 [tet(A)], and @entity8 (bla( @entity14 )). Class 1 integrons containing sulI ( @entity13 resistance), aadA1a ( @entity11 resistance), or @entity15 ( @entity1 resistance)-aadA1a gene cassettes were detected in 28 strains. The bla(TEM-1b) gene was present in 18 of 21 strains that were examined by @entity3 sequencing. Class 1 integrons and bla(TEM) genes were localized on plasmids and/or on the chromosome in different STEC O118:[H16] strains. Hybridization of XbaI-digested chromosomal DNA separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that bla(TEM) genes were integrated at different positions in the chromosome of STEC O118:[H16] strains that could have occurred by Tn2 insertion. Our data suggest that strains belonging to the STEC O118:[H16] clonal group have a characteristic propensity for acquisition and maintenance of resistance determinants, thus contrasting to STEC belonging to other serotypes.

title: A multiresistant clone of Shiga toxin-producing XXXX O118:[H16] is spread in @entity2 and @entity0 over different European countries.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Multiresistant Shiga toxin-producing @entity4 (STEC) O118:H16 and O118 nonmotile strains (designated O118:[H16]) were detected by examination of 171 STEC isolates for their antimicrobial sensitivity. Of 48 STEC O118:[H16] strains, 98% were resistant to @entity13 , 96% were resistant to @entity11 , 79% were resistant to @entity12 , 75% were resistant to @entity7 , 67% were resistant to @entity8 , 60% were resistant to @entity10 , 48% were resistant to @entity1 , and 10% each were resistant to @entity5 and @entity6 . @entity6 resistance and reduced susceptibility to @entity9 were associated with the mutation gyrA(LEU-83). The STEC O118:[H16] strains were found to belong to a single genetic clone as investigated by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and by multilocus sequence analysis of @entity4 housekeeping genes. The STEC O118:[H16] strains originated from @entity0 and @entity2 and were isolated in seven different countries of Europe between 1986 and 1999. Strains showing multiresistance to up to eight different antimicrobials predominated among the more recent STEC O118:[H16] strains. The genes in parentheses were associated with resistance to @entity12 (aphA1-Ia), @entity10 ( @entity16 ), @entity7 [tet(A)], and @entity8 (bla( @entity14 )). Class 1 integrons containing sulI ( @entity13 resistance), aadA1a ( @entity11 resistance), or @entity15 ( @entity1 resistance)-aadA1a gene cassettes were detected in 28 strains. The bla(TEM-1b) gene was present in 18 of 21 strains that were examined by @entity3 sequencing. Class 1 integrons and bla(TEM) genes were localized on plasmids and/or on the chromosome in different STEC O118:[H16] strains. Hybridization of XbaI-digested chromosomal DNA separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that bla(TEM) genes were integrated at different positions in the chromosome of STEC O118:[H16] strains that could have occurred by Tn2 insertion. Our data suggest that strains belonging to the STEC O118:[H16] clonal group have a characteristic propensity for acquisition and maintenance of resistance determinants, thus contrasting to STEC belonging to other serotypes.

title: A multiresistant clone of Shiga toxin-producing @entity4 O118:[H16] is spread in XXXX and @entity0 over different European countries.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Multiresistant Shiga toxin-producing @entity4 (STEC) O118:H16 and O118 nonmotile strains (designated O118:[H16]) were detected by examination of 171 STEC isolates for their antimicrobial sensitivity. Of 48 STEC O118:[H16] strains, 98% were resistant to @entity13 , 96% were resistant to @entity11 , 79% were resistant to @entity12 , 75% were resistant to @entity7 , 67% were resistant to @entity8 , 60% were resistant to @entity10 , 48% were resistant to @entity1 , and 10% each were resistant to @entity5 and @entity6 . @entity6 resistance and reduced susceptibility to @entity9 were associated with the mutation gyrA(LEU-83). The STEC O118:[H16] strains were found to belong to a single genetic clone as investigated by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and by multilocus sequence analysis of @entity4 housekeeping genes. The STEC O118:[H16] strains originated from @entity0 and @entity2 and were isolated in seven different countries of Europe between 1986 and 1999. Strains showing multiresistance to up to eight different antimicrobials predominated among the more recent STEC O118:[H16] strains. The genes in parentheses were associated with resistance to @entity12 (aphA1-Ia), @entity10 ( @entity16 ), @entity7 [tet(A)], and @entity8 (bla( @entity14 )). Class 1 integrons containing sulI ( @entity13 resistance), aadA1a ( @entity11 resistance), or @entity15 ( @entity1 resistance)-aadA1a gene cassettes were detected in 28 strains. The bla(TEM-1b) gene was present in 18 of 21 strains that were examined by @entity3 sequencing. Class 1 integrons and bla(TEM) genes were localized on plasmids and/or on the chromosome in different STEC O118:[H16] strains. Hybridization of XbaI-digested chromosomal DNA separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that bla(TEM) genes were integrated at different positions in the chromosome of STEC O118:[H16] strains that could have occurred by Tn2 insertion. Our data suggest that strains belonging to the STEC O118:[H16] clonal group have a characteristic propensity for acquisition and maintenance of resistance determinants, thus contrasting to STEC belonging to other serotypes.

title: A multiresistant clone of Shiga toxin-producing @entity4 O118:[H16] is spread in @entity2 and XXXX over different European countries.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to develop a new neuro-psychological test for evaluating the severity of @entity1 based on the newly-developed theory of working memory. In Study I, twelve candidate test items, including experimental tasks used in our previous developmental studies and test items newly developed for this study, were administered to twenty four demented @entity0 . In Study II, the same twelve test items as used in Study I were administered to eighteen normative-aged volunteers to identify the baseline of difficulty of each test item. The normative-aged group, in marked contrast to the demented group, responded correctly to nearly all of these items. These items, therefore, proved to have a discriminating power between @entity1 @entity0 and normative-aged. After examining thoroughly the result of factor analysis of test scores, the difficulty of the items, and the feasibility and communicability of instructions for each item, the authors finally chose five items to construct the test. Four of these five items were ones originally developed by ourselves. In Study III, the final version of the test composed of the above five items was administered to one hundred demented @entity0 of various etiologies. The test scores were analyzed according to the method of principal factor analysis and the theory of working memory. The results of factor analysis showed the factor pattern of a typical homogeneous test that measures a single dimension of working memory capacity. The authors, therefore, decided to apply to the test scores an item-response theory that postulates test homogeneity as a prerequisite. Based on this theory, parameters of discrimination and difficulty of each item were estimated. In addition, the scale value of each examinee, i.e. working memory capacity, was estimated from his or her response pattern to the items. When the administration of the whole test is difficult in a clinical setting, this theory makes it possible to estimate the scale value of an examinee from even a single item, though inevitably with lower reliability. Owing to the adaptability of this test, its practical utility as a measurement tool was much improved. Further, the test items and their subitems were analyzed in terms of the theory of working memory. The resulting high agreement between item difficulty and working memory demand confirmed the validity of the theoretical analysis. In addition, the result of discriminant analysis with thirty-one subitem scores of five items showed that the test discriminated correctly 79.3% of @entity2 and VD.

title: [A neuro-psychological test (T-K-W test) for XXXX based on working memory theory and item-response theory: its development and construction].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Exercise echocardiography is an emerging technique for the evaluation of @entity0 with suspected @entity3 . In this study, rest and immediate postexercise echocardiograms were performed in 123 @entity0 who were stratified on the basis of prior @entity4 and the number and location of @entity6 at cardiac catheterization. The location of wall motion abnormalities on rest and postexercise studies was correlated with the location of @entity6 . The sensitivity of exercise echocardiography for detecting @entity3 in @entity0 with multivessel disease was 97% in those with and 86% in those without prior @entity5 . The corresponding sensitivity for @entity0 with @entity1 was 100% and 72%, respectively. Multivessel disease was present in 59 @entity0 , but specifically identified as such in only 32 (54%). Normal rest and exercise echocardiograms were seen in 12 @entity0 with @entity3 , 8 of whom had @entity1 . It is concluded that the subjective analysis of the exercise echocardiogram accurately identifies the majority of @entity0 with @entity3 . Its sensitivity is greatest in those with multivessel @entity2 . It is limited in those with single vessel @entity2 and in accurately identifying the subset of @entity0 with multivessel disease.

title: Effect of prior @entity4 and extent and location of XXXX on accuracy of exercise echocardiography.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Exercise echocardiography is an emerging technique for the evaluation of @entity0 with suspected @entity3 . In this study, rest and immediate postexercise echocardiograms were performed in 123 @entity0 who were stratified on the basis of prior @entity4 and the number and location of @entity6 at cardiac catheterization. The location of wall motion abnormalities on rest and postexercise studies was correlated with the location of @entity6 . The sensitivity of exercise echocardiography for detecting @entity3 in @entity0 with multivessel disease was 97% in those with and 86% in those without prior @entity5 . The corresponding sensitivity for @entity0 with @entity1 was 100% and 72%, respectively. Multivessel disease was present in 59 @entity0 , but specifically identified as such in only 32 (54%). Normal rest and exercise echocardiograms were seen in 12 @entity0 with @entity3 , 8 of whom had @entity1 . It is concluded that the subjective analysis of the exercise echocardiogram accurately identifies the majority of @entity0 with @entity3 . Its sensitivity is greatest in those with multivessel @entity2 . It is limited in those with single vessel @entity2 and in accurately identifying the subset of @entity0 with multivessel disease.

title: Effect of prior XXXX and extent and location of @entity2 on accuracy of exercise echocardiography.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are the important factors in @entity2 @entity1 . To the author's knowledge, their relationship has not been addressed to date. This study was designed to investigate the in vitro invasion and the expression level of @entity3 and @entity5 in @entity4 cells, and to evaluate the correlation of expression of @entity3 and @entity5 in the @entity4 @entity1 . METHOD: Boyden chamber in vitro invasion assay was used to detect the invasive capacity in vitro in two @entity4 cell lines CaOV-3 and COC1. The expression levels of @entity3 and @entity5 in CaOV-3 and COC1 were evaluated by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. The activity of @entity5 in two cell lines was detected by substrate zymography. RESULTS: Boyden chamber in vitro invasion assay indicated that the mean invasion percentage of @entity0 cells (21.9 +/- 1.5) was significantly higher than that of COC1 cells (8.8 +/- 0.9) (P < 0.05). Contrast to COC1 cells, @entity0 cells expressed significantly higher levels of mRNA of @entity3 and @entity5 as well as protein by RT-PCR and Western blot. Substrate zymography showed that the @entity5 activity of @entity0 cells was two times than that of COC1 cells. CONCLUSION: The in vitro invasive ability of @entity4 cells appeared to be positive correlated to high expression of @entity3 and @entity5 . There may be relationship between @entity3 and @entity5 in the process of @entity1 of @entity4 .

title: [Correlation of expression of XXXX and matrix matalloproteinase-2 to invasion of @entity4 cells in vitro].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are the important factors in @entity2 @entity1 . To the author's knowledge, their relationship has not been addressed to date. This study was designed to investigate the in vitro invasion and the expression level of @entity3 and @entity5 in @entity4 cells, and to evaluate the correlation of expression of @entity3 and @entity5 in the @entity4 @entity1 . METHOD: Boyden chamber in vitro invasion assay was used to detect the invasive capacity in vitro in two @entity4 cell lines CaOV-3 and COC1. The expression levels of @entity3 and @entity5 in CaOV-3 and COC1 were evaluated by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. The activity of @entity5 in two cell lines was detected by substrate zymography. RESULTS: Boyden chamber in vitro invasion assay indicated that the mean invasion percentage of @entity0 cells (21.9 +/- 1.5) was significantly higher than that of COC1 cells (8.8 +/- 0.9) (P < 0.05). Contrast to COC1 cells, @entity0 cells expressed significantly higher levels of mRNA of @entity3 and @entity5 as well as protein by RT-PCR and Western blot. Substrate zymography showed that the @entity5 activity of @entity0 cells was two times than that of COC1 cells. CONCLUSION: The in vitro invasive ability of @entity4 cells appeared to be positive correlated to high expression of @entity3 and @entity5 . There may be relationship between @entity3 and @entity5 in the process of @entity1 of @entity4 .

title: [Correlation of expression of @entity3 and matrix matalloproteinase-2 to invasion of XXXX cells in vitro].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Camptotheca (Nyssaceae) is a major source of anticancer @entity1 ( @entity0 ). It is imperative to understand @entity0 accumulation and variations in Camptotheca in order to develop @entity0 production strategies for endangered germplasm. Our study results showed that @entity0 is primarily accumulated in glandular trichomes of leaves and stems, and @entity0 content varies among species and varieties but even more significantly within the plant (with different tissues, tissue ages, and seasons). Because of higher @entity0 yield and desirable biological and ecological features, 'Hicksii' and 'Katie' should be considered the major management germplasm as @entity0 sources in the future. Young leaves and mature fruits have higher @entity0 contents than other tissues in the plants. Young photosynthetic leaves and stems contain higher @entity0 contents than old ones, but 'sink' tissues such as wood, roots, and fruits show different patterns. @entity0 content also shows a great seasonal change, but is less influenced by tree age. Intact clipping of young leaves and stems should be managed for harvest for @entity0 production. Preservation and treatment methods influence the @entity0 extraction. @entity0 is better preserved in fresh or freeze-dried material than in air or oven-dried material. @entity0 can be more efficiently extracted after homogenizer treatment of plant materials because more trichome walls can be broken to allow solvent extraction.

title: XXXX accumulation and variations in camptotheca.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Little work has been reported on the treatment of recurrent @entity2 . We reviewed 64 cases after surgical treatment in order to ascertain the cause of recurrence, results of the treatment given, and deduce therapeutic options and indications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity0 had 64 recurrent @entity2 . Mean age of the @entity0 was 58 years, 54 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 . The clinical and radiographic preoperative work-up led to two categories of treatments. In 35 cases, conservative treatment was used to re-align the axis by procedures on the soft tissues either alone or in combination with MacBride tendon transfers, metatarsal osteotomies, or osteotomies to shorten the first phalange. In 29 cases, metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis was used. @entity0 satisfaction, @entity1 , deformation, shoe wearing and activity were recorded at follow-up. The same radiological parameters were used postoperatively to assess anatomic results. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was more than 6 years (range 2-18 years). The subjective result was good in 52 cases. The objective result was good in 50 cases and poor in 14 (including 7 cases with insufficient correction). The results were analyzed by type of treatment. DISCUSSION: The preoperative analysis demonstrated that recurrence is due to insufficient initial treatment which must take into account all the components leading to the deformation. Arthrodesis gave a good result in 83% of the cases and conservative treatment gave a good result in 71%. Thus, in our opinion, no one type of treatment of recurrent @entity2 can be applied for all @entity0 . Nevertheless, conservative treatment should associate complementary procedures that can be deduced from the clinical and radiological analysis.

title: [Surgical treatment of recurrent XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the architecture of a ganglionated nerve plexus found in the loose connective tissue surrounding the pulmonary vein of the @entity0 . The input to this plexus was from the vagus nerves and from the stellate ganglia. A large ganglion containing more than 200 neurons was commonly found near the primary bifurcation of the pulmonary vein. The neurons were studied by @entity1 -diaphorase, @entity6 - @entity5 and @entity4 -induced @entity3 fluorescence methods at the light microscopic level, by scanning electron microscopy after the removal of connective tissue, and by transmission electron microscopy. The shape of the neuronal cell bodies was generally a smooth ellipsoid with the average major @entity2 about twice the minor @entity2 . The measured maximum cell diameter ranged from 14 to 42 micron (mean 26 micron). The profile area of individual neurons, as measured from wholemount preparations, ranged from 100 to 800 micron2 (mean 340 micron2) and the calculated neuronal volume ranged from 500 to 12,000 micron3 (mean 3300 micron3). Although there was this wide spread in neuronal size, histograms of cell size showed no separate populations of neurons. Almost all of the ganglionic neuronal cell bodies showed no @entity3 -specific fluorescence, but about 1% of the neurons exhibited a weak green fluorescence. Only a few noradrenergic nerve fibres were seen within the ganglia and these were associated with intraganglionic blood vessels. Small, intensely fluorescent cells were only rarely associated with the ganglia. Neurons and satellite cells formed units which were surrounded by an intraganglionic connective tissue space and a perineurium. Some of the intraganglionic capillaries were fenestrated. Neurons were entirely surrounded by satellite cells and did not appear to have any long dendrites. The generally smooth neuronal cell bodies had short spine-like processes, which were confined to within the satellite cell sheath. Preganglionic nerve fibres formed pericellular baskets of varicose fibres around neurons and made synapses either directly on the cell body or on somatic spines in about equal numbers. No synapses were found in the neuropil at a distance from the neuronal cell body. A few nerve processes were deeply embedded within the neuronal cell body. Clusters of vesicles were found in the cytoplasm of most neurons and were associated with subplasmalemmal densities. These synapse-like structures were mostly directed towards satellite cells, but some were associated with incoming synapses.

title: Fine structure of the autonomic ganglia of the XXXX pulmonary vein.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The reaction of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons to axotomy and its alteration by locally supplied nerve growth factor (NGF) were examined in adult @entity0 . Surgically implanted @entity2 chambers attached to the severed @entity4 as reservoirs capable of providing prolonged access of NGF to the site of injury. The time course of NGF activity within the chambers was determined by using the standard NGF @entity3 DRG bioassay. The fluid from chambers filled with the NGF-saline solution maintained NGF activity for periods up to 6 weeks after implantation. By 9 weeks, however, the fluid from most chambers failed to show any NGF activity in the bioassay. Experiments were designed to compare the response in adult @entity0 to injury of DRG neurons receiving chambers filled with either NGF-saline or with only saline. The total neuronal counts in the lumbar fourth and fifth DRG at 3 weeks and 6 weeks after sciatic nerve section showed 22% and 16% cell death, respectively, in those injured neurons receiving saline-filled chamber implants. The animals that received chamber implants which contained an NGF-saline solution showed no cell death in the ipsilateral DRG at either 3 or 6 weeks after injury. Morphometric analysis of injured DRG neurons showed evidence of @entity1 in the injured neurons which did not receive NGF. The degree of @entity1 among all cell sizes was significantly decreased in those injured neurons receiving NGF. At 3 weeks after section the mean volume of injured neurons not treated with NGF was decreased by 28% as compared with only a 13% decrease in neurons treated with NGF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nerve growth factor protects adult sensory neurons from cell death and XXXX caused by nerve injury.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ability to identify fungal hyphae in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been inconsistent. A new @entity2 -labeled staining method targets chitin found in fungal cell walls. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesize that this method would be able to more consistently detect fungi within the mucin of @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Fifty-four consecutive @entity1 surgical @entity0 were evaluated. After ensuring sensitivity and specificity of this new method, all specimens were stained with either @entity2 -labeled chitinase or Grocott @entity5 silver stain for comparison. RESULTS: All 54 specimens contained eosinophilic mucin on @entity3 and @entity4 staining. One or more fungal hyphae could be visualized within the mucin of 54 (100%) of 54 specimens stained using the @entity2 -labeled chitinase. Only 41 (76%) of 54 of the specimens stained with the Grocott @entity5 silver stain technique demonstrated fungi. CONCLUSION: The @entity2 -labeled chitinase-staining technique has greater sensitivity in detecting fungal organisms within eosinophilic mucin. Fungal organisms are present in the mucin of @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Detection of fungal organisms in eosinophilic mucin using a XXXX -labeled chitin-specific binding protein.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity0 with extended @entity1 in the head and neck, therapeutic decisions may pose a challenge to maxillofacial surgeons, dermatologists, and interventional radiologists. We analyzed the value of an interdisciplinary classification and treatment concept. @entity0 AND METHODS: The classification distinguishes @entity6 and @entity4 . Whereas @entity6 are endothelial proliferations, @entity4 are considered to be @entity2 , which are further classified into high-flow or low-flow lesions and according to the vascular channels into capillary, venous, or @entity2 . Since 2000 we have provided interdisciplinary consultation for @entity0 with @entity1 . In @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity3 , the clinical diagnosis is confirmed by color-coded duplex sonography and magnetic resonance imaging; angiography is performed as part of the treatment planning for @entity0 with @entity7 . @entity0 with @entity6 are treated surgically by cryosurgery or laser surgery or conservatively according to lesion size and behavior. In @entity0 with @entity3 , percutaneous sclerotherapy is combined with surgical reduction; @entity0 with @entity7 undergo transarterial embolization prior to surgical excision of the nidus. RESULTS: A total of 73 @entity0 attended the interdisciplinary consultation. This group included 53 @entity0 with @entity5 , 7 with @entity3 with @entity2 , 5 with @entity2 , and 6 with high-flow @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: The interdisciplinary protocol increases diagnostic accuracy and helps to establish individual treatment plans for @entity0 with extended @entity1 .

title: [Interdisciplinary concept for classification and treatment of XXXX in the head and neck].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The case discussed is of a 38-year-old African-American @entity0 who developed @entity4 . She underwent cholecystectomy for presumed @entity14 . This was followed by a worsening of her condition, with the development of @entity8 in the next 2 weeks. Results of reevaluation included transaminases around 1000 IU/L with minimal elevation of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), an antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) titer of 1:320, and an elevated immunoglobulin M (IgM). The antinuclear antibodies (ANA) level was positive, but titers were not obtained. There was no suggestion of @entity9 . Liver biopsy findings were believed to be consistent with @entity11 ( @entity11 ). She was therefore started on, but failed treatment with, @entity15 . She was transferred to a transplant center 8 weeks later after a brief episode of @entity3 and @entity13 . The clinical findings were consistent with subfulminant @entity10 secondary to @entity6 ( @entity6 ) with an ANA titer of 1:1280, an @entity12 ( @entity12 ) titer of 1:40, and an elevated IgG. Review of the biopsy showed panlobular @entity1 and bridging @entity2 consistent with severe @entity6 . On imaging, she had @entity7 and a nodular appearance of the liver. An immediate drop in transaminases followed corticosteroid therapy, but her disease was already irreversible, and she underwent successful liver transplantation. The explanted liver was shrunken and noncirrhotic with massive hepatocellular collapse and contained multiple regenerating nodules, explaining the ultrasonographic appearances. The inflammatory component had greatly diminished compared with the earlier biopsy. The case illustrates the importance of knowledge of the natural course of a specific disease and the careful interpretation of clinical data, including autoimmune markers. @entity11 would rarely cause @entity10 in a young @entity0 ; it is not a rapidly progressive disease. The original clinical diagnosis was unduly swayed by a positive AMA, which can be seen in up to 20% of @entity0 with @entity6 . Markedly elevated transaminases with minimal elevation of @entity5 and positive ANA in a young @entity0 should have pointed toward @entity6 at an earlier stage. The academic discussion of @entity6 remains intriguing, but prompt institution of aggressive immunosuppressive therapy aimed at the @entity6 component should not be deferred. In retrospect, an opportunity was missed.

title: A 38-year-old African-American @entity0 with an unusually rapid progression of " XXXX ": a missed opportunity!

answer: @entity11


abstract: The case discussed is of a 38-year-old African-American @entity0 who developed @entity4 . She underwent cholecystectomy for presumed @entity14 . This was followed by a worsening of her condition, with the development of @entity8 in the next 2 weeks. Results of reevaluation included transaminases around 1000 IU/L with minimal elevation of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), an antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) titer of 1:320, and an elevated immunoglobulin M (IgM). The antinuclear antibodies (ANA) level was positive, but titers were not obtained. There was no suggestion of @entity9 . Liver biopsy findings were believed to be consistent with @entity11 ( @entity11 ). She was therefore started on, but failed treatment with, @entity15 . She was transferred to a transplant center 8 weeks later after a brief episode of @entity3 and @entity13 . The clinical findings were consistent with subfulminant @entity10 secondary to @entity6 ( @entity6 ) with an ANA titer of 1:1280, an @entity12 ( @entity12 ) titer of 1:40, and an elevated IgG. Review of the biopsy showed panlobular @entity1 and bridging @entity2 consistent with severe @entity6 . On imaging, she had @entity7 and a nodular appearance of the liver. An immediate drop in transaminases followed corticosteroid therapy, but her disease was already irreversible, and she underwent successful liver transplantation. The explanted liver was shrunken and noncirrhotic with massive hepatocellular collapse and contained multiple regenerating nodules, explaining the ultrasonographic appearances. The inflammatory component had greatly diminished compared with the earlier biopsy. The case illustrates the importance of knowledge of the natural course of a specific disease and the careful interpretation of clinical data, including autoimmune markers. @entity11 would rarely cause @entity10 in a young @entity0 ; it is not a rapidly progressive disease. The original clinical diagnosis was unduly swayed by a positive AMA, which can be seen in up to 20% of @entity0 with @entity6 . Markedly elevated transaminases with minimal elevation of @entity5 and positive ANA in a young @entity0 should have pointed toward @entity6 at an earlier stage. The academic discussion of @entity6 remains intriguing, but prompt institution of aggressive immunosuppressive therapy aimed at the @entity6 component should not be deferred. In retrospect, an opportunity was missed.

title: A 38-year-old African-American XXXX with an unusually rapid progression of " @entity11 ": a missed opportunity!

answer: @entity0


abstract: Although it is generally accepted that @entity0 who are carriers of the premutation of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) show no pathological clinical features, several studies have shown that they have a higher incidence of premature failure of their ovaries ( @entity5 ) than the general population. However, when @entity0 who are carriers of the complete mutation are studied, no relation is seen between the two conditions. All @entity0 who are carriers of the premutation of the @entity6 gene should be informed that they have a greater possibility than the general population (10-15 times) of having an @entity5 . @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a technique used in diagnosis, based on genetic analysis of an embryo obtained by @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and subsequently transferred to genetically healthy viable embryos. Preconception genetic diagnosis is based on the genetic study of an ovule before fertilization and subsequent @entity1 of healthy ovules. The methodology is similar in both cases. Genetic study of @entity3 is especially difficult because of the large number of CGG repetitions in affected. Often indirect diagnosis has to be made. Both diagnoses have a series of evident advantages over prenatal diagnosis. There is no pregnancy present so the stress and emotional trauma of VIP ( @entity4 of pregnancy) is avoided. However, it should be pointed out that there are technical drawbacks regarding genetic analysis and the need to resort to @entity1 in fertile couples.

title: [ XXXX : premature ovarian failure. Preimplantation and preconception genetic diagnosis].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The ammonia factor theory of @entity0 @entity1 causation shows how the known, deadly properties of this respiratory poison, potentially present at every @entity0 's cot, are compatible with the known causative relationships found with " @entity3 " @entity0 . It also predicted and demonstrated that a causal relationship existed between cot- @entity1 @entity0 and most other post neo-natal @entity0 deaths. The ammonia factor theory is quite incompatible with the medical profession's " @entity3 " model. A critical evaluation of the medical profession's " @entity3 " model shows that it provides no predictive, causative, diagnostic, or preventative dimensions and is used by some of the medical profession as a tool of fear to extract research monies and by others in the profession to placate parents. The " @entity3 " model is a definition of a non-reality and the antithesis of a scientific model. As a mathematical model it is impossible and is supported by statistical gerrymandering. It places diagnosed " @entity3 " parents in @entity2 . Its correlation with the reality of @entity0 @entity1 is staggeringly improbable. These features are in stark contrast with the ammonia factor theory of @entity0 @entity1 causation. The ammonia factor theory shows that the overall @entity0 @entity1 rate is preventable through a programme of welfare, as well as through educational, social and environmental improvements. The medically centred " @entity3 " model is a useless, lethal fallacy. It is politically obstructive. It must be discarded.

title: The lethal " XXXX " fallacy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In recent research, @entity6 and @entity4 have been studied as two separate entities. We have developed a treated model of @entity6 in which unrestrained and unanesthetized @entity1 are bled to a mean arterial pressure of 30 torr until 80% of the maximum shed volume must be returned. @entity1 are maintained preshock and treated post shock with a 20% @entity5 -electrolyte solution. Survival of these animals is 62% at 24 hours post shock and all animals are dead at 72 hours post shock. Blood cultures obtained during shock become positive at 2 hours into the shock period and are significant compared to controls at 3 to 5 hours of shock (p less than 0.0001). Blood cultures obtained after the period of shock are significantly positive at 24 and 48 hours post shock (p less than 0.05) compared to controls. Intrashock cultures are monomicrobial; the majority of post-shock cultures are polymicrobial. All cultured organisms are normal @entity1 enteric flora. Histologic changes of @entity2 are also demonstrated post shock. We suggest that bacterial invasion, possibly from the gut, plays a role in the @entity3 seen in @entity0 following severe @entity6 . @entity3 may precede rather than follow the @entity7 which accompanies shock.

title: Occurrence of bacteremia during and after XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Thrombolytic therapy with pharmacologic agents is an exciting approach to the treatment of @entity2 . The results of several clinical studies indicate that perfusion can be restored with intravenous therapy and may be associated with a reduction in @entity3 size and improved left ventricular function. In a trial involving more than 11,000 @entity0 , thrombolytic therapy reduced acute and long term mortality. Pharmacologic thrombolysis, however, is not without problems. When administered intravenously, the agents currently available, streptokinase and urokinase, are associated with a relatively low recanalization rate as well as a risk of adverse effects, most commonly a systemic lytic state and risk of @entity1 complications. Although intracoronary administration is associated with a higher rate of recanalization, the need for cardiac catheterization limits its applicability and results in a delay in the initiation of thrombolytic therapy (which diminishes salvage of myocardium). The trials assessing the existing agents have shown that time is a critical variable in the success of thrombolytic therapy. This had led investigators to focus more attention on intravenous agents that can be administered rapidly. The newer agents now under investigation, acylated streptokinase and single-chain urokinase, may represent improvements of currently available products and may offer potentially increased benefits. A @entity4 -sparing agent, such as t-PA, in addition to being highly effective, may offer advantages through minimizing the systemic lytic effect. Additional randomized, controlled clinical trials currently are underway to determine the effect on mortality of this "fibrinolytic" therapy as part of a total treatment regimen. The current status of our knowledge concerning thrombolytic therapy in acute @entity2 can be summarized as follows: 1. Transmural (that is, Q wave) @entity2 usually is caused by an obstructing coronary thrombus. 2. The thrombus can be lysed with intravenous therapy in the majority of cases, particularly with newer, well-tolerated fibrin-specific agents. 3. There is considerable evidence suggesting that reperfusion reduces the acute morbidity and mortality when therapy is administered successfully within the initial 3 to 4 hours (and possibly up to 6 hours) after onset of symptoms. 4. Data on long term prognosis after thrombolysis are very encouraging, although limited. 5. Conventional agents lead to significant @entity4 depletion and therefore an increased risk of @entity1 ; the new fibrin-selected agents cause less @entity4 degradation and may reduce the risk of @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Thrombolytic therapy in acute XXXX : Part I.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: Risk factors among adolescent substance abusers have been shown to correlate with substance use severity. Characteristics related to severity, such as demographic and family factors, peer influences, psychiatric co-morbidity and @entity3 risk behaviors, are examined for a sample of adolescent @entity5 users entering treatment. DESIGN: These data are from a clinical trial study utilizing blocked random assignment of clients to one of five treatment conditions. The study targeted adolescents entering outpatient treatment for primarily @entity5 or @entity4 . SETTING: Treatment and research facilities in four metropolitan areas of the US were used to recruit study @entity0 . Treatment was delivered in outpatient drug-free settings. @entity0 : @entity0 were 600 clients, ages 12-18, admitted to outpatient @entity4 treatment programs for @entity5 problems, 96% with DSM-IV diagnoses of @entity4 or @entity4 , with the remaining 4% having at least one symptom of @entity4 plus significant problems indicating need for treatment. MEASUREMENTS: The Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) was used to collect the information presented in this paper. The GAIN incorporates DSM-IV criteria for substance use disorders, @entity7 and @entity1 , as well as dimensional (scale) measures for physical and mental health. FINDINGS: All @entity0 reported at least one symptom of substance use disorders, and 46% met the DSM-IV criteria for @entity4 , while 50% met criteria for a diagnosis of abuse. Only 20% of the @entity0 perceived any need for help with problems associated with their drug or @entity2 use. Clients participating in the study typically presented multiple problems at treatment entry, most often including @entity7 , @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity6 , and physical health distress. The co-occurrence of @entity7 and @entity1 was found in 30% of the sample. Clients meeting criteria for @entity4 tended to have more co-occurring problems and significantly less denial at admission. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of this sample exemplify the complex nature of adolescent substance use and abuse among adolescents entering outpatient treatment programs. Patterns of co-occurring problems are at rates comparable to those found in other clinical studies. Those with more severe substance use disorders tend to manifest more problems of social functioning, more mental health problems, and physical health problems. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of treatment needs, challenges, and prognostic implications.

title: Characteristics and problems of 600 adolescent XXXX abusers in outpatient treatment.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study reports data on time consumption before @entity1 surgery and the results of treatment in northern Norway. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 279 cases were identified and included in our analysis of time span from @entity3 to arrival at our department. Fifty-one @entity0 were treated conservatively, either because of bad clinical condition or because angiography revealed no @entity1 . The remaining 228 @entity0 were operated and included in our analysis of outcome after early @entity1 surgery. RESULTS: Among all 279 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), median time from ictus to arrival at the university hospital was 1 (0-30) day. Forty-one per cent arrived at the day of @entity3 and 86% within the first 3 days after @entity3 . Among the 228 @entity0 who underwent surgical @entity1 repair, median time from @entity3 to operation was 2 (0-33) days. Early @entity1 surgery (< 72 h) was performed in 146 @entity0 (64%). Fifty @entity0 (22%) underwent intermediate surgery (days 4-10) and 32 @entity0 (14%) were operated later (day 11 or later). A significant association was found between Hunt and Hess (HH) grade and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity0 suffering aneurysmal @entity2 in northern Norway undergo early @entity1 surgery and the outcome is comparable with that obtained in other Scandinavian centres. Initial Hunt and Hess grade is a major determinant for outcome in @entity2 .

title: Results of surgery for XXXX in northern Norway: a retrospective study with special focus on timing of surgery in a rural area.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We report the clinical, cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular findings in a 54-yr-old male @entity0 diagnosed with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), who showed progression to a diffuse large @entity6 ( @entity8 ). Genetic studies were performed at diagnosis and during the @entity8 ( @entity8 ). A clonal karyotype with two dicentric chromosomes, psu dic(12,21)(q24;q10) and dic(17,18)( @entity5 .2; @entity5 .2), was found. Both rearrangements were confirmed by FISH. Molecular cytogenetics analysis using @entity3 probe showed monoallelic loss of this @entity1 suppressor gene in 43.8% and 77.3% of cells for the first and the second studies, respectively). In both studies, deletions of D13S319 (18% and 12% of cells) and D13S25 loci (13% and 12% of cells) at 13q14 were found. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the MBR/JH rearrangement of the @entity2 gene. FISH studies using LSI @entity2 / @entity9 probe allowed quantifying the clonal cell population with this rearrangement (4% and 6.6% of cells at diagnosis and @entity8 , respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first case with a psu dic(12,21) described in @entity4 . The low percentage of cells with the 13q14 deletion and @entity2 / @entity9 rearrangement suggests that they were secondary events that resulted from @entity7 . Our @entity0 had a short survival (9 months) and a clear lack of response to several therapeutic agents, confirming the association of @entity3 gene deletion and karyotypic evolution with disease progression.

title: Cytogenetic, FISH, and molecular studies in a case of XXXX with karyotypic evolution.

answer: @entity4