abstract: CONTEXT: @entity3 /chronic @entity4 ( @entity5 /CPPS) is common, but trial evidence is conflicting and therapeutic options are controversial. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing mean symptom scores and treatment response among a-blockers, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, other active drugs (phytotherapy, glycosaminoglycans, @entity2 , and neuromodulators), and placebo. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE from 1949 and EMBASE from 1974 to November 16, 2010, using the PubMed and Ovid search engines. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials comparing drug treatments in @entity5 /CPPS @entity0 . DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted mean symptom scores, quality-of-life measures, and response to treatment between treatment groups. Standardized mean difference and random-effects methods were applied for pooling continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively. A longitudinal mixed regression model was used for network meta-analysis to indirectly compare treatment effects. DATA SYNTHESIS: Twenty-three of 262 studies identified were eligible. Compared with placebo, a-blockers were associated with significant improvement in symptoms with standardized mean differences in total symptom, @entity1 , voiding, and quality-of-life scores of -1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.8 to -0.6), -1.1 (95% CI, -1.8 to -0.3), -1.4 (95% CI, -2.3 to -0.5), and -1.0 (95% CI, -1.8 to -0.2), respectively. @entity0 receiving a-blockers or anti-inflammatory medications had a higher chance of favorable response compared with placebo, with pooled RRs of 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1-2.3) and 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2-2.6), respectively. Contour-enhanced funnel plots suggested the presence of publication bias for smaller studies of a-blocker therapies. The network meta-analysis suggested benefits of antibiotics in decreasing total symptom scores (-9.8; 95% CI, -15.1 to -4.6), @entity1 scores (-4.4; 95% CI, -7.0 to -1.9), voiding scores (-2.8; 95% CI, -4.1 to -1.6), and quality-of-life scores (-1.9; 95% CI, -3.6 to -0.2) compared with placebo. Combining a-blockers and antibiotics yielded the greatest benefits compared with placebo, with corresponding decreases of -13.8 (95% CI, -17.5 to -10.2) for total symptom scores, -5.7 (95% CI, -7.8 to -3.6) for @entity1 scores, -3.7 (95% CI, -5.2 to -2.1) for voiding, and -2.8 (95% CI, -4.7 to -0.9) for quality-of-life scores. CONCLUSIONS: a-Blockers, antibiotics, and combinations of these therapies appear to achieve the greatest improvement in clinical symptom scores compared with placebo. Anti-inflammatory therapies have a lesser but measurable benefit on selected outcomes. However, beneficial effects of a-blockers may be overestimated because of publication bias.

title: Management of chronic XXXX /chronic @entity4 : a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: A case of systemic @entity14 exposure in a bone marrow transplant recipient with severe hepatic @entity15 ( @entity15 ) receiving treatment with @entity14 patch 5% is reported. SUMMARY: A 35-year-old Caucasian @entity0 with a history of refractory @entity8 was admitted for a third allogeneic, mismatched, peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplant from an unrelated donor, with a conditioning regimen that included @entity10 and @entity13 . The @entity0 was receiving treatment with @entity14 patch 5% (two patches daily, which was started five months before another hospital admission for the treatment of @entity11 -related @entity12 . Baseline laboratory findings were within normal limits except for disease-related @entity9 and @entity7 . Twenty days after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the @entity0 developed signs and symptoms of severe hepatic @entity15 . His serum @entity5 transaminase concentration rose from 65 IU/L at baseline to 370 IU/L, and his serum @entity4 transaminase concentration rose from 32 IU/L at baseline to 871 IU/L. His total @entity6 increased to 2.8 mg/dL, and his body weight increased by 15%. An abdominal ultrasound noted ascites and @entity2 without reversal of blood flow. The @entity14 patch was discontinued, but the @entity0 's condition continued to deteriorate. He died 38 days after HSCT from complications of severe hepatic @entity15 . CONCLUSION: A 35-year-old @entity0 developed hepatic @entity15 20 days after his third HSCT. As a result of his @entity3 , the @entity0 , who had been receiving @entity14 patch 5% for the treatment of @entity1 , experienced increased systemic exposure to @entity14 , which led to discontinuation of the patch.

title: Systemic absorption of topical XXXX in a bone marrow transplant recipient with hepatic @entity15 .

answer: @entity14


abstract: PURPOSE: A case of systemic @entity14 exposure in a bone marrow transplant recipient with severe hepatic @entity15 ( @entity15 ) receiving treatment with @entity14 patch 5% is reported. SUMMARY: A 35-year-old Caucasian @entity0 with a history of refractory @entity8 was admitted for a third allogeneic, mismatched, peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplant from an unrelated donor, with a conditioning regimen that included @entity10 and @entity13 . The @entity0 was receiving treatment with @entity14 patch 5% (two patches daily, which was started five months before another hospital admission for the treatment of @entity11 -related @entity12 . Baseline laboratory findings were within normal limits except for disease-related @entity9 and @entity7 . Twenty days after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the @entity0 developed signs and symptoms of severe hepatic @entity15 . His serum @entity5 transaminase concentration rose from 65 IU/L at baseline to 370 IU/L, and his serum @entity4 transaminase concentration rose from 32 IU/L at baseline to 871 IU/L. His total @entity6 increased to 2.8 mg/dL, and his body weight increased by 15%. An abdominal ultrasound noted ascites and @entity2 without reversal of blood flow. The @entity14 patch was discontinued, but the @entity0 's condition continued to deteriorate. He died 38 days after HSCT from complications of severe hepatic @entity15 . CONCLUSION: A 35-year-old @entity0 developed hepatic @entity15 20 days after his third HSCT. As a result of his @entity3 , the @entity0 , who had been receiving @entity14 patch 5% for the treatment of @entity1 , experienced increased systemic exposure to @entity14 , which led to discontinuation of the patch.

title: Systemic absorption of topical @entity14 in a bone marrow transplant recipient with hepatic XXXX .

answer: @entity15


abstract: Thyroid hormones, in particular @entity9 or T3, are involved in multiple physiological processes in mammals such as protein, fat and @entity5 metabolism. However, the metabolic actions of T3 in fish are still not fully elucidated. We therefore tested the effects of T3 on Sparus aurata energy metabolism and osmoregulatory system, a @entity3 -induced model that was chosen. Fish were implanted with coconut oil depots (containing 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 gT3/g body weight) and sampled at day 3 and 6 post-implantation. Plasma levels of free T3 as well as @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity0 values increased with increasing doses of T3 at days 3 and 6 post-implantation. Changes in plasma and organ metabolite levels ( @entity1 , glycogen, @entity4 , @entity2 and total a @entity8 ) and enzyme activities related to @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity8 and lipid pathways were detected in organs involved in metabolism (liver) and osmoregulation (gills and kidney). Our data implicate that the liver uses @entity7 as an energy source in response to the T3 treatment, increasing protein catabolism and gluconeogenic pathways. The gills, the most important extruder of @entity6 , are fuelled not only by @entity7 , but also by @entity2 . The kidney differs significantly in its substrate preference from the gills, as it obtained metabolic energy from @entity2 but also from lipid oxidation processes. We conclude that in S. aurata lipid catabolism and protein turnover are increased as a consequence of experimentally induced @entity3 , with secondary osmoregulatory effects.

title: Energy metabolism of XXXX gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata L.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In between the period of transplantation and revascularization, pancreatic islets are exposed to low- @entity1 and low-nutrient conditions. In the present study we mimicked those conditions in vitro to study the involvement of different cell death processes, release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP), and associated in vitro immune activation. Under low- @entity1 and low-nutrient conditions, apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis occur in @entity0 islets. Necroptosis is responsible for DAMP-release such as dsDNA, @entity2 , and @entity3 . The sensors of the innate immune system able to recognize these DAMPs are mainly TLR, NOD receptors, and C-type lectins. By using cell-lines with a non-functional adaptor molecule @entity4 , we were able to show that the islet-derived DAMPs signal mainly via TLR. Immunoisolation in immunoprotective membranes reduced DAMP release and immune activation via retention of the relative large DAMPs in the capsules. Another effective strategy was suppressing necroptosis using the inhibitor @entity5 . Although the effect on cell-survival was minor, @entity5 was able to reduce the release of @entity3 and its associated immune activation. Our data demonstrate that in the immediate post-transplant period islets release DAMPs that in vitro enhance responses of innate immune cells. DAMP release can be reduced in vitro by immunoisolation or intervention with @entity5 .

title: DAMP production by @entity0 islets under low XXXX and nutrients in the presence or absence of an immunoisolating-capsule and necrostatin-1.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In between the period of transplantation and revascularization, pancreatic islets are exposed to low- @entity1 and low-nutrient conditions. In the present study we mimicked those conditions in vitro to study the involvement of different cell death processes, release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP), and associated in vitro immune activation. Under low- @entity1 and low-nutrient conditions, apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis occur in @entity0 islets. Necroptosis is responsible for DAMP-release such as dsDNA, @entity2 , and @entity3 . The sensors of the innate immune system able to recognize these DAMPs are mainly TLR, NOD receptors, and C-type lectins. By using cell-lines with a non-functional adaptor molecule @entity4 , we were able to show that the islet-derived DAMPs signal mainly via TLR. Immunoisolation in immunoprotective membranes reduced DAMP release and immune activation via retention of the relative large DAMPs in the capsules. Another effective strategy was suppressing necroptosis using the inhibitor @entity5 . Although the effect on cell-survival was minor, @entity5 was able to reduce the release of @entity3 and its associated immune activation. Our data demonstrate that in the immediate post-transplant period islets release DAMPs that in vitro enhance responses of innate immune cells. DAMP release can be reduced in vitro by immunoisolation or intervention with @entity5 .

title: DAMP production by XXXX islets under low @entity1 and nutrients in the presence or absence of an immunoisolating-capsule and necrostatin-1.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a common cause of hip discomfort in young adults. Recently, a better understanding of the pathomechanics and @entity0 in the hip has implicated @entity4 as a possible factor in early @entity2 . The clinical presentation, physical examination findings, and radiographic features are discussed in this article. DATA SOURCES: PubMed was searched using words and terms including femoacetabular impingement, @entity1 , @entity3 , early @entity2 , and @entity3 . References of relevant studies were searched by hand. STUDY SELECTION: All studies directly involving the treatment of @entity4 were reviewed by 3 authors and selected for further analysis, including expert opinion and review articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: The quality of each study was assessed, and the results were summarized. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative measures, including physical therapy, restriction of activities, core strengthening, improvement of sensory-motor, and control and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories are the mainstays of nonsurgical treatment. However, surgical management is often necessary to allow full return to activity with options including surgical @entity3 , @entity3 , periacetabular and rotational osteotomies, and combined @entity3 with a limited open exposure. Although the literature is replete with short-term evidence to support surgical treatment, there are currently no long-term prospective data or natural history studies examining the implications of @entity4 and effects of early intervention.

title: XXXX : a common cause of hip pain in young adults.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The past decade has seen tremendous changes in the management of @entity3 with the advent of the @entity2 Train project. The present study evaluates the effect of the @entity2 Train project on the demographics of @entity3 . METHOD: Data collected over the past three decades were studied retrospectively. The number of cases, age at presentation, and relative proportion of @entity4 @entity0 were analyzed. Thirty @entity0 operated on at the authors' institute for @entity4 were evaluated for their awareness of @entity3 , and the results were compared with those of 22 @entity0 operated on elsewhere in camp settings. RESULTS: The numbers of @entity0 with @entity3 treated at the authors' institute from 1980 to 1989, 1990 to 1999, and 2000 to 2009 were 1189, 1050, and 374, respectively. However, the number with @entity3 has remained nearly constant over the three decades. The mean age of reporting for treatment of @entity3 was 16 months after being operated on for @entity4 at the authors' institute and 41 months after being operated on elsewhere in camps. All @entity0 operated on at the authors' institute expressed awareness of holistic treatment of @entity3 . Of the 22 @entity0 operated on at other camps, 16 were ignorant about the time scale and 19 were unaware of the consequences of nonadherence to the treatment protocol. Nineteen of the 22 @entity0 felt that enough information was not provided to them at initial surgery. CONCLUSION: The authors recommend that cleft counseling, continued cleft care for the @entity1 , and responsible behavior by the initial operating team should be the goals for the future.

title: Changing patterns in demography of XXXX in a developing country: the @entity2 Train effect--what lies ahead?

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The past decade has seen tremendous changes in the management of @entity3 with the advent of the @entity2 Train project. The present study evaluates the effect of the @entity2 Train project on the demographics of @entity3 . METHOD: Data collected over the past three decades were studied retrospectively. The number of cases, age at presentation, and relative proportion of @entity4 @entity0 were analyzed. Thirty @entity0 operated on at the authors' institute for @entity4 were evaluated for their awareness of @entity3 , and the results were compared with those of 22 @entity0 operated on elsewhere in camp settings. RESULTS: The numbers of @entity0 with @entity3 treated at the authors' institute from 1980 to 1989, 1990 to 1999, and 2000 to 2009 were 1189, 1050, and 374, respectively. However, the number with @entity3 has remained nearly constant over the three decades. The mean age of reporting for treatment of @entity3 was 16 months after being operated on for @entity4 at the authors' institute and 41 months after being operated on elsewhere in camps. All @entity0 operated on at the authors' institute expressed awareness of holistic treatment of @entity3 . Of the 22 @entity0 operated on at other camps, 16 were ignorant about the time scale and 19 were unaware of the consequences of nonadherence to the treatment protocol. Nineteen of the 22 @entity0 felt that enough information was not provided to them at initial surgery. CONCLUSION: The authors recommend that cleft counseling, continued cleft care for the @entity1 , and responsible behavior by the initial operating team should be the goals for the future.

title: Changing patterns in demography of @entity4 in a developing country: the XXXX Train effect--what lies ahead?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although interstitial implantation of invasive @entity1 has been shown to be an effective treatment in Europe, there has been little experience with this method in the U.S. During the past 6 years, 14 @entity0 at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania with single @entity1 less than 5 cm and no evidence of @entity2 in situ on random bladder biopsies have been treated by a combination of external beam radiation and iridium wire implant. The iridium wire is inserted by an afterloading technique following tumor exposure via suprapubic cystotomy. Following delivery of the prescribed dose, the sources are removed percutaneously. Three @entity0 with recurrent or high grade T1 lesions and 11 @entity0 with T2- @entity4 lesions have been treated. With a median follow-up of 22 months (range 17 to 65 months), 9 @entity0 are currently NED, 4 @entity0 have died of disease, and 1 @entity0 has died of intercurrent disease. There have been two isolated @entity3 , both non-invasive, one having been treated with cystectomy and one being treated locally. In addition, one @entity0 developed regional failure, two developed distant metastases only, and one developed local recurrence following distant failure. The 2-year actuarial local control rate is 84%, with an overall 2-year actuarial survival of 66%. Complications have been minimal. Bladder implantation by this method is technically simple and produces excellent local control with acceptable morbidity.

title: Treatment of XXXX with interstitial iridium-192 implantation and external beam irradiation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To assess, according to age groups, @entity0 ' characteristics according to region of origin, the chronic therapeutic management, prognostic utility of clinical variables, and natriuretic peptides. METHODS AND RESULTS: The GREAT registry consisted of @entity0 identified as presenting with @entity1 at the emergency department. Four groups of @entity0 were defined according to age: the young @entity0 group (<65   years); 'middle-old' (65-74   years), 'old-old' (75-84   years) and the 'oldest-old' (85-94   years). Follow-up at 1   year was performed via personal contact or national data registries at 1   year. Dataset consisted of 14   758 @entity0 aged up to 95   years, with the 'oldest-old' group being more prevalent in North America and Western Europe. The 30-day mortality rate were, respectively, 8.1%, 8.9%, 10.3%, and 16.3% among the four age groups and 1-year mortality rates were, respectively, 3.1%, 17.1%, 24.7%, and 39.9%. @entity1 treatment was less frequently administered with age (percentage of the 'fully treated' group was 14% in the 'young' compared with 2% in the 'oldest-old' @entity0 group). Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction was present in 70%, 62.3%, 52.5%, and 46.8% among the four age groups, respectively. The prognostic utility of most variables for short- and long-term outcome was attenuated with age, with the exception of natriuretic peptides. CONCLUSION: This study found a large heterogeneity in age among geographic regions and that the eldest are less likely to be treated in accordance with recommendations of current @entity1 guidelines. Natriuretic peptide concentrations retained prognostic value in @entity0 across age strata.

title: Clinical presentation and outcome by age categories in XXXX : results from an international observational cohort.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ), the fifth most common @entity1 that predominantly occurs in @entity4 @entity0 , requires staging systems to design treatments. The barcelona clinic liver @entity1 staging system (BCLC) is the most commonly used @entity3 management guideline. For BCLC stage B (intermediate @entity3 ), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the standard treatment. Many studies support the use of TACE in early and advanced @entity3 @entity0 . For BCLC stage 0 (very early @entity3 ), TACE could be an alternative for @entity0 unsuitable for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or hepatic resection. In @entity0 with BCLC stage A, TACE plus RFA provides better local @entity1 control than RFA alone. TACE can serve as bridge therapy for @entity0 awaiting liver transplantation. For @entity0 with BCLC B, TACE provides survival benefits compared with supportive care options. However, because of the substantial heterogeneity in the @entity0 population with this stage, a better @entity0 stratification system is needed to select the best candidates for TACE. @entity5 represents the first line treatment in @entity0 with BCLC C stage @entity3 . @entity5 plus TACE has shown a demonstrable effect in delaying @entity1 progression. Additionally, TACE plus radiotherapy has yielded better survival in @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 . Considering these observations together, TACE clearly has a critical role in the treatment of @entity3 as a stand-alone or combination therapy in each stage of @entity3 . Diverse treatment modalities should be used for @entity0 with @entity3 and a better @entity0 stratification system should be developed to select the best candidates for TACE.

title: Transarterial @entity3 treatment: Barcelona clinic liver XXXX staging system.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ), the fifth most common @entity1 that predominantly occurs in @entity4 @entity0 , requires staging systems to design treatments. The barcelona clinic liver @entity1 staging system (BCLC) is the most commonly used @entity3 management guideline. For BCLC stage B (intermediate @entity3 ), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the standard treatment. Many studies support the use of TACE in early and advanced @entity3 @entity0 . For BCLC stage 0 (very early @entity3 ), TACE could be an alternative for @entity0 unsuitable for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or hepatic resection. In @entity0 with BCLC stage A, TACE plus RFA provides better local @entity1 control than RFA alone. TACE can serve as bridge therapy for @entity0 awaiting liver transplantation. For @entity0 with BCLC B, TACE provides survival benefits compared with supportive care options. However, because of the substantial heterogeneity in the @entity0 population with this stage, a better @entity0 stratification system is needed to select the best candidates for TACE. @entity5 represents the first line treatment in @entity0 with BCLC C stage @entity3 . @entity5 plus TACE has shown a demonstrable effect in delaying @entity1 progression. Additionally, TACE plus radiotherapy has yielded better survival in @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 . Considering these observations together, TACE clearly has a critical role in the treatment of @entity3 as a stand-alone or combination therapy in each stage of @entity3 . Diverse treatment modalities should be used for @entity0 with @entity3 and a better @entity0 stratification system should be developed to select the best candidates for TACE.

title: Transarterial XXXX treatment: Barcelona clinic liver @entity1 staging system.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We developed a technique to measure regional two-dimensional deformations in the myocardium. Three piezoelectric crystals were implanted in a triangular array in the left ventricular anterior midwall in six anesthetized @entity0 . Each crystal was used in a dual function, to both transmit and receive ultrasonic signals from the other two crystals. In this manner, the three segment lengths of the crystal triangle throughout the cardiac cycle were simultaneously recorded. The orientation of the crystal triangle with reference to the left ventricular long and minor axes was determined. The orientation and three segment lengths of the crystal triangle were used to calculate the circumferential strain E11, the longitudinal strain E22, the in-plane shear strain E12, and the mutually perpendicular principal strains E1 and E2. Also, the orientation of the first principal direction or the in-plane angle was determined, which was defined as the angle between the first principal direction (E1) and the circumferential direction (0 degree). This information fully describes the regional two-dimensional @entity1 . This technique was applied to measure regional @entity1 at three different @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of 2 +/- 1 (mean +/- SD), 8 +/- 1, and 17 +/- 2 mm Hg. The first principal direction at end-systole was oriented away from the circumferential direction at low @entity2 (-43 +/- 21 degrees) but became progressively closer in each animal to the circumferential direction as @entity2 increased to mid (-26 +/- 18 degrees) and high (-14 +/- 13 degrees) levels. The end-systolic ratio E11/E1 was 0.6 +/- 0.2 at low @entity2 , but increased toward unity in each animal to 0.9 +/- 0.1 at mid and high @entity2 . Thus, at low @entity2 , the greatest systolic deformation occurred in a direction different from the circumferential orientation. Therefore, circumferential strain measurements (E11) significantly underestimated the greatest systolic deformation (E1). However, as @entity2 increased, the first principal direction rotated closer toward the circumferential orientation, and circumferential strain measurements adequately estimated the greatest systolic deformation. Nevertheless, the presence of significant amounts of shortening along either the longitudinal (E22) or the second principal direction (E2) in the midwall necessitated the use of the two-dimensional method. The change in end-diastolic configuration as @entity2 increased from 1 +/- 1 to 16 +/- 1 mm Hg was also examined. Unlike the end-systolic data, the end-diastolic first principal direction did not deviate significantly from the circumferential direction at any @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Technique for measuring regional two-dimensional finite strains in XXXX left ventricle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. Ambulatory electrocardiography was used to compare the effects of @entity5 and @entity8 on symptoms, heart rate, @entity3 and ST segments. Seventeen males (mean age 54 years) with a diagnosis of @entity7 (New York Heart Association Class II-III) were studied. @entity0 were treated on a double-blind cross-over basis with @entity5 80 mg three times daily or @entity8 5 mg three times daily for 14 days each. During the last 48 h of each treatment period ambulatory electrocardiography was performed. 2. @entity5 resulted in a significantly lower mean hourly, mean 24 h and minimum heart rate. Likewise @entity5 caused a lower mean daytime and nocturnal heart rate. There was no significant difference in the frequency of angina between the treatments. The number of episodes of @entity2 was not significantly different between the two drugs, although there was a trend in favour of @entity5 . 3. Both the mean 24 h ST level and the maximum @entity2 were lower during treatment with @entity8 . @entity5 was associated with a total of 117 nocturnal pauses or episodes of @entity4 ranging in length from 1.5 to 2.8 s. During treatment with @entity8 only one such period occurred. The number of @entity6 occurring during treatment with @entity8 (1316 beats) was less than on @entity5 (2010) and the mean hourly frequency of @entity6 was significantly lower during @entity8 administration. 4. @entity8 is not significantly different from @entity5 in the control of symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity1 and is associated with fewer @entity6 . However, there is no advantage in using @entity8 in @entity7 .

title: The influence of beta-adrenoceptor blockers with and without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity on heart rate, XXXX and ST-T segments, using ambulatory electrocardiography.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A recent study of risk factors for @entity0 indicated elevated risks of 5.3 and 1.9 times, respectively, for @entity1 with biopsy specimens showing @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 without atypia. These risks increase to 11 and 3.2 times, respectively, in @entity1 who also have a family history of @entity0 . This study reviews lesions detected mammographically in a series of @entity1 with documented risk factors. The pathologic specimens of 100 consecutive localization breast biopsies performed for nonpalpable abnormalities detected mammographically were reviewed and classified according to the criteria of Dupont and Page in order to determine the incidence of @entity5 and @entity6 . The mammographic characteristics and historical risk factors of these @entity1 also were correlated. Twenty percent of the biopsy specimens showed @entity4 , 55% of which were noninvasive. @entity5 was found in an additional 10% of the biopsy specimens, whereas @entity3 without atypia occurred in 21% of the biopsy specimens. Forty-nine percent of the biopsy specimens showed nonproliferative changes. This study demonstrated that mammography, in addition to its ability to detect small nonpalpable @entity2 , identifies a high percentage (31% in this series) of @entity1 with pathologic lesions known to have an elevated risk for subsequent @entity0 . The current impetus for large-scale mammographic screening of asymptomatic @entity1 mandates the development of rational therapeutic protocols to accommodate the widening spectrum of high-risk pathologic lesions found in these selected populations.

title: XXXX and atypia in biopsies performed for nonpalpable lesions detected mammographically.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We report a case (the second from France) of @entity4 , an entity created by Rosai et al. (14) in 1979 to accommodate several cutaneous and extra-cutaneous diseases hitherto known under other names and characterized histologically by the proliferation of vessels with peculiar "histiocytoid" endothelial cells. Our @entity0 was a 56-year old @entity0 who developed, within a few weeks, a slightly haemorrhagic nodule of the scalp. The histological examination, performed in a private laboratory, led to a diagnosis of @entity3 or @entity6 . Two months after the lesion was removed, the condition recurred in the form of about 10 sessile subcutaneous nodules, 3 to 20 mm in diameter; the nodules were firm, painless, little pruriginous and sometimes ulcerated. An old-standing lymph node enlargement was palpable on the right side of the posterior aspect of the neck. The rest of the scalp was normal. Physical examination of the skin and mucosae revealed no other abnormality. These alarming lesions were suggestive of @entity1 or @entity5 . X-ray films of the skull were normal, as were the results of blood examination; in particular, there was no @entity2 . Histology showed a @entity7 , while the superficial and mid dermis were occupied by a lobulated vascular proliferation. The vessels were of the capillary type; they were lined with two or three layers of endothelial cells remarkable for their large indented nucleus and for their abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm bulging out into the lumen. These vessels were surrounded by fairly dense nodular masses of small lymphocytes with a few histiocytes and some neutrophils. There were no lymphoid follicles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX of the scalp].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the alternans of action potential duration (APD) occurring in Purkinje and ventricular muscle fibers after an abrupt shortening of cycle length can be explained by the two factors controlling the cycle length-dependent APD changes (i.e., restitution and memory effect). Action potentials were recorded simultaneously from @entity1 Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle fibers using conventional microelectrode techniques. APD change during alternans was dependent on the preceding diastolic interval in the same manner as during restitution in Purkinje fibers but not in ventricular muscle fibers. The course of memory change was not affected by the presence of alternans in either fiber type. In Purkinje fibers, APD alternans was attenuated by a @entity0 channel blocker, @entity5 (2 X 10(-6) M), and augmented by a @entity0 channel agonist, @entity4 (3 X 10(-8) M). These effects were attributed to the changes in the kinetics and the amplitude of restitution. In ventricular muscle fibers, APD alternans was always preceded and accompanied by alternans of action potential shape. Alternans of both action potential shape and APD was suppressed by @entity5 (2 X 10(-6) M) and attenuated by @entity4 (3 X 10(-8) M). These results show that in Purkinje fibers, APD during alternans can be explained by restitution and memory effect. However, in ventricular muscle fibers, the mechanism of @entity3 alternans is linked to factors controlling action potential shape. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that APD alternans in Purkinje fibers depends on the differences in the recovery of membrane currents generated by the preceding action potential and in ventricular muscle fibers on the differences in the concentration and/or handling of intracellular @entity2 .

title: Alternans of action potential duration after abrupt shortening of cycle length: differences between XXXX Purkinje and ventricular muscle fibers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: An analysis was made of the time lapse between the diagnosis of @entity3 and the development of an effusion in relation to the sex and age of the @entity1 and the site of the primary @entity3 . The total number of @entity1 studied was 254; of these, 171 @entity1 had a pleural and 83 @entity1 a peritoneal effusion. In the total group, sex distribution was two @entity1 to three @entity1 : about equal in the @entity5 group and about two @entity1 to nine @entity1 in the @entity4 group, with the latter ratio reflecting the large number of primary malignant processes in the breast and ovaries. The average age at the time of the effusion, whether it was located in the pleural or in the peritoneal cavity, was about 55 years. This figure was roughly 60 years for @entity1 and 51 years for @entity1 . The nine-year average age difference between sexes can be explained by the size of the four largest groups of different primary malignant localizations and their sex distribution. The interval between the discovery of the primary @entity3 and the first fluid sample was longer for @entity1 with a @entity5 (average of 77.0 weeks) than for @entity1 with @entity4 (average of 54.5 weeks). The longest interval was seen in the @entity0 group, with the shortest interval in @entity2 @entity1 . The interval was significantly longer for @entity1 , being 111.9 weeks for @entity5 and 57.9 weeks for @entity4 (average for both sites of 88.7 weeks). In 30.7% of the @entity1 , the primary @entity3 was discovered at the same time or later than the effusion; in @entity1 with @entity2 , a strikingly higher percentage of 53.0% was found. In this respect, the cytologic diagnosis of effusions is of great importance not only for the detection and proper identification of a malignant process but also as an indicator of the life expectancy of a @entity1 .

title: The interval between the diagnosis of XXXX and the development of effusions, with reference to the role of cytologic diagnosis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The author review 10 years' experience in managing @entity3 in childhood: 19 cases were treated in @entity0 from 1 to 18 years old. The etiology was rhinogenic in 5 cases, @entity2 in 5, hematogenous in 3, traumatic in 3, postoperative in 1, and unknown in 3 cases. @entity3 that developed by direct spread were located nearby the source, whereas metastatic abscesses (such as cardiogenic or hematogenous) in most cases spread via the @entity1 , usually developing in the parieto-occipital regions. Four of the 5 cases with multiple abscesses were cardiogenic and one hematogenous. The most important neurological signs were @entity4 (10 cases) and cranial nerve involvement (10 cases). Six abscesses were sterile and 6 grew aerobic and 6 anaerobic bacteria. In one case, aerobic as well as anaerobic bacteria were found. Fifteen @entity0 were treated preoperatively with antibiotics. The treatment was operative in 17 cases. In two cases, gravely ill on admission, no surgical treatment was given. The etiology, localization, bacteriology, surgical methods, and results in those cases are discussed.

title: XXXX in childhood.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Between 1980-1985, 177 fine-needle @entity3 were performed on 139 @entity0 suspected of having recurrent @entity1 . Suspected sites of recurrence included a pelvic mass (122), peripheral lymph node (39), and a variety of other locations (16). There were 69 positives, 79 negatives, eight suspicious specimens, and 21 specimens inadequate for interpretation. Excluding suspicious or inadequate specimens, the results of the remaining 148 evaluable @entity3 were confirmed by histopathologic correlation (35) or subsequent clinical course (113). Because there were no false positives, the specificity of the technique was 100%. The sensitivity was 68%, with an associated false-negative rate of 32%. The predictive value of a positive was 100%; that of a negative was 57%. An analysis of the false-negative results failed to show a correlation with cell type, lesion location, previous radiotherapy, or previous chemotherapy. The complication rate was less than 1%. These data support the conclusion that fine-needle aspiration cytology is a safe, highly specific method for diagnosing recurrent @entity1 . However, in @entity0 with negative fine-needle aspiration cytology and suspected @entity2 , it would appear that further evaluation is indicated.

title: Diagnosis of recurrent XXXX with fine-needle aspiration cytology.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the presence of in-home caregivers is associated with changes in the health outcomes of older adults with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Geriatric medical center and academic respiratory clinic in Japan. @entity0 : Community-dwelling adults with @entity1 and their caregivers. MEASUREMENTS: Outcome measures (pulmonary function tests, distance on the 6-minute walking test (6MWT), activities of daily living (ADLs), quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Survey and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire), and frequencies of emergency visits and hospitalizations of those living alone (group A), those living with one caregiver (group B), and those living with two or more caregivers (group C) were compared. RESULTS: Three hundred eighty-nine @entity0 (315 @entity0 and 74 @entity0 ; mean age 73.3) were enrolled. Mean predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second was 57.5%. The numbers of @entity0 allocated into the global initiative for @entity1 stages I, II, III, and IV were 105, 107, 122, and 55, respectively. Group A had 87 @entity0 ; group B, 125; and group C, 177. Instrumental ADL scores were highest in group A (P < .001), whereas 6MWT distance was longest in group B and shortest in group A. The frequency of emergency visits was highest in group A (P < .001). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity1 living alone were higher functioning in terms of instrumental ADLs, but they had less exercise capacity and more-frequent emergency visits than @entity0 in the in-home caregiver groups and no difference in hospitalizations.

title: Presence of in-home caregiver and health outcomes of older adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The origin of the distribution of segmental @entity3 (SV) has not yet been clearly elucidated. Segmental configurations of @entity1 have been explained using two main interpretations, i.e. following either @entity4 . However, facial SV does not always correspond to either of these distributions. OBJECTIVES: We classified facial SV into several distinctive subtypes according to specific distributions based on long-term observations. METHODS: In total, 257 @entity0 with facial SV were included, all of whom were closely observed for more than 1 year. The distribution patterns of facial SV were classified according to morphological similarities based on clinical observations. RESULTS: The lesions of facial SV were categorized into six subtypes: types I-a and I-b, and types II-V. Type I-a and type IV broadly involved the mid-level face from the forehead to the lower cheek, but type IV lesions selectively appeared on the right side of the face and did not cross the midline. Type I-b lesions chiefly involved the forehead and scalp hair. Types II and III involved the lower face and, frequently, the neck area, and @entity2 were distributed mostly around the right orbital area. The most frequent type of lesion in this study was type I-a (28  8%), followed by types II (16  0%), III (14  4%), IV (10  9%), I-b (10  5%) and V (8  6%). CONCLUSIONS: Newly established patterns of facial SV may be valuable for certain aspects of prognosis, such as the likely degree and @entity2 spreading.

title: Classification of segmental XXXX on the face: clues for prognosis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The records of 21 @entity0 treated for @entity4 of the anal ducts between 1943 and 1982 were reviewed. The @entity0 were followed until @entity2 or current status in April 1987. The median follow-up period was eight months (range, 3 to 144 months). Fifteen @entity0 had an erroneous diagnosis made at first physician visit resulting in a median doctor's delay of 14 months (range, 3 to 24 months) before correct treatment was carried out. Nine of the @entity1 were localized perianally (ischiorectal space), seven anally, and five in a @entity3 . @entity1 localized anally were significantly smaller and had a significantly shorter history than perianally or @entity3 localized @entity1 (P less than .05 for each localization). Three @entity0 with @entity1 had their diagnosis made accidentally by routine histologic examination of an excised @entity5 . First examination revealed distant metastases in 13 @entity0 and follow-up examination revealed regional or distant metastases in seven @entity0 . Modes of treatment were wide local excision (N = 3), abdominoperineal resection (N = 3), colostomy (N = 9), and radiotherapy (N = 2). Twenty of the 21 @entity0 died within 18 months due to the @entity1 . One long-term survivor was observed; the @entity0 was alive 12 years after local excision of the @entity1 without evidence of recurrent disease. The crude five- and 10-year survival was only 4.8 percent.

title: XXXX of the anal ducts. A series of 21 cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Mild irritants have been shown to protect the @entity1 gastric mucosa against noxious agents. This study was designed to test the protective potential of low-dose @entity5 against @entity2 ( @entity6 ) -induced @entity7 . Ten healthy volunteers who were nondrinkers and had normal baseline upper @entity3 participated in a randomized double-blind crossover study. Thirty minutes after either vodka (37.5 ml) in @entity4 juice or @entity4 juice alone, each subject took 975 mg ASA and then underwent endoscopy 1 hr later. The degree of @entity8 was scored, and blood was taken for @entity5 and salicylate levels. There was a washout interval of seven days between the two treatments. Endoscopic scores were analyzed using the sign test. After a single dose of ASA, @entity8 was confined to the fundus and antrum, while the duodenum was minimally affected. A significant @entity0 was seen with @entity5 pretreatment (P less than 0.05). The same trend was evident in the fundus but did not achieve statistical significance. Serum salicylate levels averaged 13.2 +/- 0.8 mg/100 ml and were not different between the two treatments. @entity5 concentration ranged from 1.1 to 6.2 mmol/liter following the vodka drink and was 0 after the placebo.

title: XXXX -induced human antral injury is reduced by vodka pretreatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age and selected phonetic factors on velar @entity3 as a component of nasal turbulence in @entity0 with repaired @entity1 . @entity0 :     A total of 30 @entity0 with repaired @entity1 with or without @entity2 ranging in age from 4 to 13 years (mean, 8.6 years; standard deviation, 2.4 years) who exhibited nasal turbulence characterized by velar @entity3 participated in the study. MEASURES:     The headset of a nasometer was used to record the @entity0 producing multiple repetitions of consonant-vowel (CV) syllables that contrasted the stops /p/ and /t/ with the fricatives /f/ and /s/ and the high-front vowel /i/ with the low mid-central vowel /  /. All targeted consonants were coded relative to the presence of @entity3 using both perceptual and spectral criteria. Percentages of syllables coded for @entity3 were calculated as a function of consonant and vowel types. Intra-and interjudge reliability of coding was high. RESULTS:     Percentages of syllables with velar @entity3 ranged from a high of 100% to a low of 4% among the @entity0 . A Spearman rank-order correlation between age and percentage of syllables with @entity3 was nonsignificant. Mantel-Haenszel tests for repeated measures indicated that @entity3 occurred more often during production of syllables containing /i/ (62%) when compared with /  / (50%) (P = .029). CONCLUSIONS:     Velar @entity3 as a component of nasal turbulence varies widely among @entity0 with repaired @entity1 . CV syllables with high vowels appear to trigger velar @entity3 more often than syllables with low vowels.

title: Age and Phonetic Influences on Velar Flutter as a Component of Nasal Turbulence in @entity0 With XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age and selected phonetic factors on velar @entity3 as a component of nasal turbulence in @entity0 with repaired @entity1 . @entity0 :     A total of 30 @entity0 with repaired @entity1 with or without @entity2 ranging in age from 4 to 13 years (mean, 8.6 years; standard deviation, 2.4 years) who exhibited nasal turbulence characterized by velar @entity3 participated in the study. MEASURES:     The headset of a nasometer was used to record the @entity0 producing multiple repetitions of consonant-vowel (CV) syllables that contrasted the stops /p/ and /t/ with the fricatives /f/ and /s/ and the high-front vowel /i/ with the low mid-central vowel /  /. All targeted consonants were coded relative to the presence of @entity3 using both perceptual and spectral criteria. Percentages of syllables coded for @entity3 were calculated as a function of consonant and vowel types. Intra-and interjudge reliability of coding was high. RESULTS:     Percentages of syllables with velar @entity3 ranged from a high of 100% to a low of 4% among the @entity0 . A Spearman rank-order correlation between age and percentage of syllables with @entity3 was nonsignificant. Mantel-Haenszel tests for repeated measures indicated that @entity3 occurred more often during production of syllables containing /i/ (62%) when compared with /  / (50%) (P = .029). CONCLUSIONS:     Velar @entity3 as a component of nasal turbulence varies widely among @entity0 with repaired @entity1 . CV syllables with high vowels appear to trigger velar @entity3 more often than syllables with low vowels.

title: Age and Phonetic Influences on Velar Flutter as a Component of Nasal Turbulence in XXXX With @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To (1) determine the microanatomic vascular distribution in ruptured @entity1 @entity0 ( @entity0 ) using specific vascular immunohistochemical techniques, and (2) compare vessel density between ruptured and intact @entity1 @entity0 and between different areas of interest in @entity2 using histomorphometric analysis. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro study. ANIMALS: @entity1 (n=41) admitted for surgical treatment of @entity2 and 19 @entity1 euthanatized for nonorthopedic conditions. METHODS: Diseased (variable @entity2 ) and intact (normal control) @entity0 were processed for immunohistochemical staining specific to vessels ( @entity4 , laminin). Mean vascular density was assessed and compared in areas of interest (torn end versus remaining core regions of @entity0 , proximal femoral versus distal tibial core @entity0 regions). RESULTS: @entity2 was more vascular than intact @entity0 ; however there was no difference in vascular density between the torn end and the remaining core area of the @entity2 . @entity2 was vascularized to a greater degree at the proximal portion than the distal portion of the @entity0 . @entity2 CCLs had a higher vessel density than completely ruptured CCLs. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular density is increased in diseased @entity0 compared with intact @entity0 . It remains to be determined whether this finding is associated with the cause of @entity2 or is a result of @entity3 and @entity2 .

title: Vascular distribution in ruptured XXXX cranial cruciate ligament.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 is a @entity1 with increasing incidence. In the present study, we established six @entity5 cell lines possessing two allele deletions of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene and one allele deletion of the @entity8 gene, MM16, MM21, MM26, MM35, @entity9 and MM56, from @entity4 fluids or surgically resected @entity1 of Japanese @entity0 . MM21, MM26 and @entity9 cells failed to develop @entity1 in BALB/c- @entity2 following subcutaneous inoculation. MM16 and MM35 cells slowly generated @entity1 at the site of subcutaneous inoculation in BALB/c- @entity2 , but lost the expression of @entity5 -related markers such as calretinin, D2-40 and @entity7 1 in the subcutaneous @entity1 . On the other hand, MM56 cells rapidly generated @entity1 with the expression of calretinin and D2-40 in BALB/c- @entity2 following subcutaneous inoculation. In addition, orthotopic implantation of MM56 cells into BALB/c- @entity2 developed diffusely growing thoracic @entity1 by 3 weeks after implantation. Pleural effusions were observed in these @entity2 4 weeks after implantation. @entity1 invaded aggressively into the chest wall 5 weeks after implantation and often metastasized into the lung, rib, peritoneum and pericardial cavity. On the pleural surface, MM56 cells were growing as single or multiple cell layers with the reactive mesothelium of recipient @entity2 . These results indicate that MM56 cells can behave in a manner characteristic of @entity0 @entity6 in the thoracic cavity of BALB/c- @entity2 . The in vivo model using MM56 cells may be useful for studying the biological behavior of @entity6 and developing its diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

title: Establishment of a cell line from a Japanese @entity0 useful for generating an in vivo model of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 is a @entity1 with increasing incidence. In the present study, we established six @entity5 cell lines possessing two allele deletions of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene and one allele deletion of the @entity8 gene, MM16, MM21, MM26, MM35, @entity9 and MM56, from @entity4 fluids or surgically resected @entity1 of Japanese @entity0 . MM21, MM26 and @entity9 cells failed to develop @entity1 in BALB/c- @entity2 following subcutaneous inoculation. MM16 and MM35 cells slowly generated @entity1 at the site of subcutaneous inoculation in BALB/c- @entity2 , but lost the expression of @entity5 -related markers such as calretinin, D2-40 and @entity7 1 in the subcutaneous @entity1 . On the other hand, MM56 cells rapidly generated @entity1 with the expression of calretinin and D2-40 in BALB/c- @entity2 following subcutaneous inoculation. In addition, orthotopic implantation of MM56 cells into BALB/c- @entity2 developed diffusely growing thoracic @entity1 by 3 weeks after implantation. Pleural effusions were observed in these @entity2 4 weeks after implantation. @entity1 invaded aggressively into the chest wall 5 weeks after implantation and often metastasized into the lung, rib, peritoneum and pericardial cavity. On the pleural surface, MM56 cells were growing as single or multiple cell layers with the reactive mesothelium of recipient @entity2 . These results indicate that MM56 cells can behave in a manner characteristic of @entity0 @entity6 in the thoracic cavity of BALB/c- @entity2 . The in vivo model using MM56 cells may be useful for studying the biological behavior of @entity6 and developing its diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

title: Establishment of a cell line from a Japanese XXXX useful for generating an in vivo model of @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Administration of a single dose of @entity4 (20 mg/kg) to @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 on day 12 of gestation (i.e., well after neural tube closure) results in @entity3 in almost 100% of living fetuses at term (Padmanabhan, '84). Following the same treatment, embryos/fetuses were collected at various intervals of time (from 8 hr to day 19 of gestation) and studied histologically. At 10 hr after treatment, the neuroepithelium (NE) of the brain vesicles and the neural crest-derived ganglia exhibited pronounced cell death. By day 13, cell death appeared to be more intense and extensive in the NE; the mesenchyme (ME) was less proliferative and was loosely organized. In the following days, the NE presented vacuolizations which coalesced into cavities; these cavities were often bilaterally symmetrical, contained free neuroblasts and erythrocytes, and subsequently opened into the ventricles. The choroid plexus hypertrophied, the ventricles distended, and the NE gradually became very thin. The hypertrophied capillaries of the ME cleaved through the NE, thus delaminating an outer stratum. @entity7 developed over the brain vesicles and communicated with the cavities in the brain. Thus the ventricles and the blebs came into direct communication. The ME dorsal and lateral to the brain was loose, and at no site was it organized into the skull primordium. By day 19, there were clear and multiple discontinuities in the walls of the brain. Initial cell death and vacuolization in the NE, inhibition of ME proliferation followed by @entity5 of the choroid plexus, and possibly enhanced intraventricular pressure and @entity2 and @entity0 of the ME seem to underlie this process of reopening of the closed neural tube.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Light microscopic studies on the pathogenesis of XXXX and cranioschisis induced in the @entity1 after neural tube closure.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Administration of a single dose of @entity4 (20 mg/kg) to @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 on day 12 of gestation (i.e., well after neural tube closure) results in @entity3 in almost 100% of living fetuses at term (Padmanabhan, '84). Following the same treatment, embryos/fetuses were collected at various intervals of time (from 8 hr to day 19 of gestation) and studied histologically. At 10 hr after treatment, the neuroepithelium (NE) of the brain vesicles and the neural crest-derived ganglia exhibited pronounced cell death. By day 13, cell death appeared to be more intense and extensive in the NE; the mesenchyme (ME) was less proliferative and was loosely organized. In the following days, the NE presented vacuolizations which coalesced into cavities; these cavities were often bilaterally symmetrical, contained free neuroblasts and erythrocytes, and subsequently opened into the ventricles. The choroid plexus hypertrophied, the ventricles distended, and the NE gradually became very thin. The hypertrophied capillaries of the ME cleaved through the NE, thus delaminating an outer stratum. @entity7 developed over the brain vesicles and communicated with the cavities in the brain. Thus the ventricles and the blebs came into direct communication. The ME dorsal and lateral to the brain was loose, and at no site was it organized into the skull primordium. By day 19, there were clear and multiple discontinuities in the walls of the brain. Initial cell death and vacuolization in the NE, inhibition of ME proliferation followed by @entity5 of the choroid plexus, and possibly enhanced intraventricular pressure and @entity2 and @entity0 of the ME seem to underlie this process of reopening of the closed neural tube.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Light microscopic studies on the pathogenesis of @entity3 and cranioschisis induced in the XXXX after neural tube closure.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of statin use and pre-operative serum lipid parameters with oncologic outcomes following surgery for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: 850 @entity0 who underwent surgery for localized @entity3 at our institution from 2000-2012 were included. Use of statins, preoperative serum lipid profile and comprehensive clinicopathologic features were retrospectively recorded. Kaplan Meier analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were employed to compare survival outcomes. RESULTS: There were 342 statin users and 508 non-users. Median follow-up was 25.0 months. Statin users were older, had greater body mass index and worse performance status than non-users. Tumor pathologic characteristics were balanced between groups. 5-year @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was 77.9% for non-users compared to 87.6% for statin users (p=0.004). After adjustment for clinicopathologic variables, statin use was independently associated with improved @entity2 (HR 0.54, 95%CI 0.33-0.86, p=0.011) and @entity5 (HR 0.45, 95%CI 0.28-0.71, p=0.001). In @entity0 with available serum lipid parameters (n=193), 5-year @entity2 was 83.8% for @entity0 with TG<250 mg/dL compared to 33.3% for those with TG>250 mg/dL (p<0.0001). Elevated serum @entity4 (>250mg/dl) was independently associated with worse @entity2 (HR 2.69, 95%CI 1.22-5.93, p=0.015) on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Statin use was independently associated with improved survival, while elevated serum @entity1 levels correlated with worse oncologic outcomes in this cohort. These findings warrant validation in prospective studies.

title: Statin Use and Serum Lipid Levels are Associated with Survival Outcomes after Surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of @entity7 irradiation as a palliative treatment for symptomatic @entity3 due to secondary @entity6 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity0 with @entity5 and 3 with idiopathic @entity8 presented with @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity4 . Due to symptomatic @entity3 , despite first-line treatment, the @entity0 underwent @entity7 irradiation. Two @entity0 received two different schedules of external radiotherapy (580 cGy in 5 fractions and 600 cGy in 6 fractions). Eight @entity0 received 980 cGy in 14 fractions. Ten @entity0 received two courses of 360 cGy in 6 fractions, 3 months apart. Median follow-up was 12 months post irradiation. RESULTS: The @entity0 showed excellent response to treatment one month post-radiotherapy, while treatment was well tolerated without severe @entity1 . The dimensions of the spleen decreased significantly. @entity2 -related Visual Analogue Score (VAS) regressed after completion of irradiation. During 12-month follow-up all @entity0 maintained the benefit of radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that @entity7 irradiation could be a safe and effective palliative treatment for symptomatic @entity3 due to secondary @entity6 .

title: Splenic irradiation as palliative treatment for symptomatic @entity3 due to secondary XXXX : a multi-institutional experience.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of @entity7 irradiation as a palliative treatment for symptomatic @entity3 due to secondary @entity6 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity0 with @entity5 and 3 with idiopathic @entity8 presented with @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity4 . Due to symptomatic @entity3 , despite first-line treatment, the @entity0 underwent @entity7 irradiation. Two @entity0 received two different schedules of external radiotherapy (580 cGy in 5 fractions and 600 cGy in 6 fractions). Eight @entity0 received 980 cGy in 14 fractions. Ten @entity0 received two courses of 360 cGy in 6 fractions, 3 months apart. Median follow-up was 12 months post irradiation. RESULTS: The @entity0 showed excellent response to treatment one month post-radiotherapy, while treatment was well tolerated without severe @entity1 . The dimensions of the spleen decreased significantly. @entity2 -related Visual Analogue Score (VAS) regressed after completion of irradiation. During 12-month follow-up all @entity0 maintained the benefit of radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that @entity7 irradiation could be a safe and effective palliative treatment for symptomatic @entity3 due to secondary @entity6 .

title: Splenic irradiation as palliative treatment for symptomatic XXXX due to secondary @entity6 : a multi-institutional experience.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Temporal changes in the incidence of cause-specific @entity2 may be one of the factors underlying changing medical practice patterns. AIM: To report temporal changes in the incidence of five major causes of specific @entity2 events. METHODOLOGY: Population-based study of @entity0 hospitalised due to @entity3 and perforation from 1996 to 2005 in Spain. We report crude rates, and estimate regression coefficients of temporal trends, severity and recorded drug use for five frequent GI events. GI hospitalisation charts were validated by independent review of large random samples. RESULTS: The incidence per 100 000 @entity0 -years of hospitalisations due to @entity3 and perforation decreased over time [from 54.6 and 3.9 in 1996 (R   = 0.944) to 25.8 and 2.9 in 2005 (R   = 0.410) respectively]. On the contrary, the incidence per 100 000 @entity0 -years of @entity5 increased over time [3.3 and 0.9 in 1996 (R   = 0.443) and 8.0 and 2.6 in 2005 (R   = 0.715) respectively]. A small increasing trend was observed for the incidence per 100 000 @entity0 -years of intestinal perforations (from 1.5 to 2.3 events). Based on data extracted from the validation process, recent recorded drug intake showed an increased frequency of anticoagulants with @entity5 , whereas NSAID and low-dose @entity1 use were more prevalent in peptic @entity6 and colonic diverticular @entity4 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: From 1996 to 2005, hospitalisations due to peptic @entity6 and perforation have decreased significantly, whereas the number of cases of @entity5 have increased.

title: The changing face of hospitalisation due to XXXX and perforation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The feasibility of conducting a large-scale Polypill clinical trial in developing countries remains unclear. More information is needed regarding the efficacy in reducing the risk factors of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), side effects, improvement in adherence and physician/ @entity0 "acceptability" of the Polypill. METHODS: We conducted an open-label, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial involving three sites in @entity8 Lanka that enrolled a total of 216 @entity0 without established @entity1 . The trial compared a Polypill (75 mg @entity2 , 20 mg @entity6 , 10 mg @entity7 and 12.5 mg @entity5 ) to Standard Practice. After randomization, @entity0 were followed monthly for three months. Pre-specified primary outcomes included @entity4 , total @entity3 and estimated 10-year @entity1 risk. We also evaluated the recruitment process and acceptability of the Polypill by both physicians and @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity0 were recruited in a six-month period as planned. Two hundred three @entity0 (94.0%) completed the treatment program and returned for their three-month follow-up visits. No safety concerns were reported. These findings suggest a high rate of @entity0 acceptability, a finding that is bolstered by the majority of @entity0 completing the trial (90%) indicating that they would take the Polypill "for life" if proven to be effective in reducing @entity1 risk. Approximately 86% of the physicians surveyed agreed with and supported use of the Polypill for primary prevention and 93% for secondary prevention of @entity1 . Both the Polypill and Standard Practice resulted in marked reductions in systolic blood pressure, total @entity3 and 10-year risk of @entity1 . However, the differences between the treatment groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully completed a Polypill feasibility trial in @entity8 Lanka. We were able to document high acceptability of the Polypill to @entity0 and physicians. We were unable to estimate the risk factor reductions on the Polypill because the control group received similar treatment with individual drugs. The Polypill was however simpler and achieved comparable risk factor reductions, highlighting its potential usefulness in the prevention of @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00567307.

title: A Polypill for primary prevention of XXXX : a feasibility study of the World Health Organization.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 is a well-known risk factor of @entity2 . This study was designed to determine whether a group of family physicians in an academic medical center followed recent recommendations in the recognition and treatment of young @entity0 with elevated @entity1 levels. @entity0 charts were reviewed retrospectively in 94.1 percent of the 1,129 @entity0 aged between 30 and 39 years seen in the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Family Health Center over a one-year period. Only 346, or 32.6 percent, of the charts reviewed contained the @entity0 's @entity1 values. Ninety-nine patients had serum @entity1 levels greater than the recommended treatment level of 5.70 mmol/L (220 mg/dL). Of @entity0 with elevated @entity1 levels, only 34.1 percent were treated. There was no difference in the treatment rates of faculty members' @entity0 as compared with residents' @entity0 . The incidence of treatment increased linearly with respect to rising @entity1 values. This study identified the relative infrequency with which @entity1 levels appear in the charts of @entity0 aged 30 to 39 years. It also illustrated that significantly more physician effort is required to meet suggested treatment guidelines for @entity0 with elevated @entity1 levels. The @entity1 "normal ranges" that are reported on laboratory result sheets, which are not age-specific, may be misleading, and consequently affect @entity0 care.

title: Management of elevated serum XXXX in a university-based family practice.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 @entity0 may experience @entity3 . We investigated their educational attainments from basic schooling to higher education. @entity0 AND METHODS: Using administrative databases, we identified all Danish @entity0 with a @entity4 diagnosis born from 1 January, 1977 to 1 January, 1991 and alive at age 13 years. As a comparison cohort, we randomly sampled 10 @entity0 per @entity0 . We obtained information on educational attainment from Denmark's Database for Labour Market Research. The study population was followed until achievement of educational levels, @entity2 , emigration, or 1 January, 2006. We estimated the hazard ratio of attaining given educational levels, conditional on completing preceding levels, using discrete-time Cox regression and adjusting for socio-economic factors. Analyses were repeated for a sub-cohort of @entity0 and controls born at term and without @entity1 or @entity5 . RESULTS: We identified 2986 @entity0 . Their probability of completing compulsory basic schooling was approximately 10% lower than that of control individuals (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.79, ranged from 0.75 to 0.82 0.79; 95% confidence interval: 0.75-0.82). Their subsequent probability of completing secondary school was lower than that of the controls, both for all @entity0 (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.74; 95% confidence interval: 0.69-0.80) and for the sub-cohort (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.80; 95% confidence interval: 0.73-0.86). The probability of attaining a higher degree, conditional on completion of youth education, was affected both for all @entity0 (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.76-1.01) and for the sub-cohort (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.92; 95% confidence interval: 0.79-1.07). CONCLUSION: The probability of educational attainment was reduced among long-term congenital @entity4 survivors.

title: Educational achievement among long-term survivors of XXXX : a Danish population-based follow-up study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays essential signaling and structural roles required for the proper function of @entity1 . Cardiac valves initially form as jelly-like cushions, which must adapt to withstand the increased circulation hemodynamics associated with fetal development and birth. This increased biomechanical stability of the developing valves is largely imparted by ECM proteins, which form a highly organized fibrous meshwork. Since @entity2 contribute to most congenital @entity1 , understanding valve development will provide insight into the pathogenesis of various @entity0 . Thus, the goal of this study is to describe the spatiotemporal deposition of fibrous ECM proteins during cardiac valve development. @entity4 embryonic and fetal @entity2 were examined by light, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our data demonstrate that fibrous ECM proteins are deposited when the leaflets are adopting an elongated and compacted phenotype. A general pattern of increased fibrotic ECM deposition was detected in valve tissues. Also, each ECM protein examined displayed a unique pattern of organization, suggesting that regulation of fibrous @entity3 is complex and likely involves both genetic and mechanical factors. In addition, the TEM study revealed the presence of membrane protrusions from @entity2 , indicating a potential mechanism for mechanical force transduction.

title: Expression and deposition of fibrous extracellular matrix proteins in XXXX during @entity4 development.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays essential signaling and structural roles required for the proper function of @entity1 . Cardiac valves initially form as jelly-like cushions, which must adapt to withstand the increased circulation hemodynamics associated with fetal development and birth. This increased biomechanical stability of the developing valves is largely imparted by ECM proteins, which form a highly organized fibrous meshwork. Since @entity2 contribute to most congenital @entity1 , understanding valve development will provide insight into the pathogenesis of various @entity0 . Thus, the goal of this study is to describe the spatiotemporal deposition of fibrous ECM proteins during cardiac valve development. @entity4 embryonic and fetal @entity2 were examined by light, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our data demonstrate that fibrous ECM proteins are deposited when the leaflets are adopting an elongated and compacted phenotype. A general pattern of increased fibrotic ECM deposition was detected in valve tissues. Also, each ECM protein examined displayed a unique pattern of organization, suggesting that regulation of fibrous @entity3 is complex and likely involves both genetic and mechanical factors. In addition, the TEM study revealed the presence of membrane protrusions from @entity2 , indicating a potential mechanism for mechanical force transduction.

title: Expression and deposition of fibrous extracellular matrix proteins in @entity1 during XXXX development.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the expression of 22 chemokines and cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from smokers and non-smokers with @entity7 and periodontally healthy control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty subjects with generalized severe @entity14 (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) and 12 periodontally healthy control subjects participated in this study. Four diseased and two healthy sites were selected from each of the @entity7 subjects. GCF samples were collected and cytokines analysed utilizing a multiplexed immunoassay (Luminex(  ) ). Statistical analyses employed non-parametric tests including the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests. RESULTS: Compared with healthy control subjects, GCF in subjects with @entity14 contained significantly higher amounts of interleukin (IL)-1a, @entity6 , @entity1 , IL-12( @entity11 ) (pro-inflammatory cytokines); @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity16 , regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted ( @entity12 ) (chemokines); @entity5 , @entity0 , @entity8 , @entity10 ( @entity4 /Th2 cytokines); @entity15 [regulator of T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells]. Smokers displayed decreased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines [ @entity3 , @entity1 , IL-12( @entity11 )], chemokines ( @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity17 , @entity12 ), and regulators of T-cells and NK cells ( @entity13 , @entity15 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 subjects had significantly elevated cytokine and chemokine profiles. Smokers exhibited a decrease in several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and certain regulators of T-cells and NK-cells. This reflects the immunosuppressant effects of smoking which may contribute to an enhanced susceptibility to @entity7 .

title: Influence of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid cytokines in severe XXXX .

answer: @entity14


abstract: Castration of young (3-week-old) but not older (3-month-old) male (NZB X NZW)F1 @entity0 was associated with autoantibody production similar to that of untreated female littermates. The castration-induced disease provided a unique model for the evaluation of therapeutic modalities during the first 9 months of life. Castrated male (NZB X NZW)F1 @entity0 were treated with either long-term thymosin (fraction 5) or @entity1 for different periods of time. Continuous @entity1 replacement abolished the autoimmune disease-accelerating effects of castration at 3 weeks. Brief treatment during either the early or the later periods of life of castrated (NZB X NZW)F1 males was insufficient to prevent accelerated anti-DNA production. Thymosin treatment, when started at the time of castration and continued through life, abolished the rise in anti-DNA. These studies suggest that @entity2 work throughout the first 7 months of life of the @entity0 to suppress anti-DNA and that lack of @entity2 for a relatively brief period allows anti-DNA production to be initiated. Once initiated it cannot be completely suppressed. The cellular basis of the fixed aspect of this process is unknown. A possible role of the thymus is suggested by the ability of thymosin to suppress anti-DNA.

title: Effect of partial XXXX replacement or thymosin on anti-DNA in castrated (NZB X NZW)F1 males.

answer: @entity1


abstract: During the metamorphosis of the hawkmoth @entity4 the larval thoracic legs degenerate to be replaced in the adult by legs of very different form and function. This change must be accompanied by a reorganization of the neural circuits controlling leg movements. As an initial step in the study of this reorganization we describe here the sensory and motor elements of this circuitry in the larval stage of life. Sensory neurons innervating mechanoreceptive hairs on the thoracic surface were stained individually with @entity2 . Those innervating hairs on the general thoracic surface project topographically into two ventral regions of the segmental @entity0 . @entity1 also map topographically to the more ventral of these regions but in addition have arborizations in a midlateral region. The density of branching within this lateral "leg neuropil" is greatest for sensory neurons form sensilla on the more distal leg segments. Leg motor neurons were identified with intracellular recording and @entity2 injection techniques. Those innervating muscles controlling distal leg segments have dense @entity3 in the lateral "leg neuropil," while motor neurons controlling more proximal segments and muscles of the ventral body wall have extensive arborizations in a dorsomedial region of the ganglion. In general, flexor motor neurons are excited by medial and inhibited by lateral leg sensilla, while the opposite is true of extensors. @entity1 respond most strongly to sensory neurons from distal segments, thus suggesting some interaction within the lateral "leg neuropil." Thus, in the larval nervous system a highly ordered array of of sensory and motor elements underlies the specific behavioral responses of the legs to tactile stimulation.

title: Neural control of leg movements in a metamorphic insect: sensory and motor elements of the larval thoracic legs in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Thirty-three cases of @entity5 of the brachial plexus have been seen in 15 years in the gynaecological and obstetrical department of the University Hospital Piti   @entity4  tri  re. The authors, from studying these cases, work out the factors that tend to bring about this pathological condition. They are: multiparity, excessive @entity1 in pregnancy, fetal excessive growth, @entity2 , instrumental delivery and @entity3 in cephalic presentations. In breech presentations it is mainly faulty performance of the manoeuvres that are needed to deliver the shoulders. These lesions involve, in most cases, the roots of C5 and C6. Spontaneous regression occurs very often. The authors have found 25% of sequellae. It is difficult to prevent @entity3 . It consists in realising well the size of the fetus and using instruments really sensibly when the presenting part is high in a primiparous @entity0 . In a multiparous @entity0 one has to be on the look-out for increasing macrosomia of the fetus and it is important to teach the manoeuvres that are necessary to deal with @entity3 . As far as breech delivery is concerned the major risk is the delivery itself without there being any need for fetal or maternal criteria to alter matters. Therefore prevention in this presentation has to be the presence of a competent obstetrician at each delivery always.

title: [Retrospective study of 33 cases of XXXX of the brachial plexus].

answer: @entity5


abstract: 1. The effects of swim-induced stress on @entity0 atrial @entity1 content, plasma @entity5 level and pacemaker sensitivity to @entity4 were studied. 2. Swimming for 50 min reduced the atrial @entity1 content and induced a long-lasting increase in the plasma @entity5 level. 3. Pacemakers isolated from swim stressed @entity0 showed supersensitivity to the chronotropic effect of @entity6 . Sensitivity to @entity1 was not significantly altered. Bilateral adrenalectomy or @entity7 pretreatment prevented the development of swimming-induced supersensitivity to @entity6 . After in vitro denervation and addition of @entity3 supersensitivity to @entity2 was demonstrated. 4. It is concluded that @entity5 , at least partially, mediates the supersensitivity to @entity6 and @entity2 in pacemaker isolated from acutely swim stressed @entity0 .

title: Supersensitivity to @entity6 and XXXX in right atria isolated from @entity0 submitted to a single swimming session.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. The effects of swim-induced stress on @entity0 atrial @entity1 content, plasma @entity5 level and pacemaker sensitivity to @entity4 were studied. 2. Swimming for 50 min reduced the atrial @entity1 content and induced a long-lasting increase in the plasma @entity5 level. 3. Pacemakers isolated from swim stressed @entity0 showed supersensitivity to the chronotropic effect of @entity6 . Sensitivity to @entity1 was not significantly altered. Bilateral adrenalectomy or @entity7 pretreatment prevented the development of swimming-induced supersensitivity to @entity6 . After in vitro denervation and addition of @entity3 supersensitivity to @entity2 was demonstrated. 4. It is concluded that @entity5 , at least partially, mediates the supersensitivity to @entity6 and @entity2 in pacemaker isolated from acutely swim stressed @entity0 .

title: Supersensitivity to XXXX and @entity2 in right atria isolated from @entity0 submitted to a single swimming session.

answer: @entity6


abstract: 1. The effects of swim-induced stress on @entity0 atrial @entity1 content, plasma @entity5 level and pacemaker sensitivity to @entity4 were studied. 2. Swimming for 50 min reduced the atrial @entity1 content and induced a long-lasting increase in the plasma @entity5 level. 3. Pacemakers isolated from swim stressed @entity0 showed supersensitivity to the chronotropic effect of @entity6 . Sensitivity to @entity1 was not significantly altered. Bilateral adrenalectomy or @entity7 pretreatment prevented the development of swimming-induced supersensitivity to @entity6 . After in vitro denervation and addition of @entity3 supersensitivity to @entity2 was demonstrated. 4. It is concluded that @entity5 , at least partially, mediates the supersensitivity to @entity6 and @entity2 in pacemaker isolated from acutely swim stressed @entity0 .

title: Supersensitivity to @entity6 and @entity2 in right atria isolated from XXXX submitted to a single swimming session.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two pathologists reviewed and classified 45 cases of @entity2 , evaluating each case for multiple histologic variables, including mitotic rate. In addition to recording the mitotic count for each of thirty 0.1963-mm2 high-power fields, the investigators recorded the distribution of mitotic counts in many non-spermatocytic @entity2 . Statistically significant differences for mitotic rate in the nonspermatocytic @entity1 were noted between the observers; one observer found a mean mitotic rate of 1.815/high-power field for 43 @entity1 , whereas the other noted a mean mitotic rate of 1.388/high-power field (p = 0.001). These differences led to disagreement on the classification of 3 @entity1 . Of the 4 cases considered to be high-mitotic-rate @entity2 by one or both observers, all @entity0 had presented with stage I disease. Three of the @entity0 were followed up for 23, 55, and 56 months, and all were free of disease; the fourth was lost to follow-up. The @entity0 with the highest mitotic rate was free of disease at 55 months of follow-up. On the basis of our findings we question the value of the designation high-mitotic-rate @entity2 . Analysis of the distribution of mitotic counts within the @entity1 revealed them to be Poisson distributed. With these data and other empirically derived data, it was possible to estimate the probability of misclassification of @entity2 based on mitotic rate, the diagnostic mitotic rate threshold, and the number of fields counted for mitoses. Similar analysis might be valuable for other @entity1 , particularly those of smooth muscle origin, in which mitotic rate is of diagnostic or prognostic value.

title: Mitosis counting in XXXX : an exercise of questionable significance.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Based on a new and specific apparatus developed by one of the authors, an original method of treatment of @entity1 , either essential or associated with acrocyanosis, is described in detail. The extremities to be treated are placed in tanks containing tap water ensuring conduction fo current between epidermis and electrode. The recommended current of 20 milli-amperes is obtained by adjustment of a potentiometer. Treatment sessions (20 minutes for hands or feet, 40 for all four extremities) take place with a well defined frequency: 3 the first week, 2 the second, I the following two weeks. Maintenance sessions are necessary when sweating recurs. In a longitudinal series of 29 @entity0 , 28 (96.5%) were significantly improved. From the 5th session onwards, the decrease in @entity2 was evaluated by @entity0 as very pronounced in 5 cases (17.2%) and as complete in 21 cases (72.5%). In 5 of the 6 @entity0 with @entity2 associated with acrocyanosis, the @entity0 reported attenuation of cyanotic coloration of skin and relative warming up of extremities treated. Tolerance was excellent in 28 cases, incidents being rare and minor. @entity0 with pacemakers cannot be treated by this method.

title: [A misunderstood treatment for XXXX : ionization. Principles, material, methodology, early results].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Motoneurons MN-1 and MN-3 in the moth @entity3 go through 3 distinct phases during postembryonic life. During larval life their neuritic fields show allometric growth in concert with larval growth. @entity1 are then lost during the larval-pupal transition, which is followed by the outgrowth of adult-specific neurites during adult development. In MN-1, the adult-specific arbor typically results from the outgrowth of neurites ipsilateral to the cell body. However, in a small percentage of cells, ipsilateral branches are not present and contralateral branches extend across the midline to fill the vacant space. This altered form of MN-1 is thought to result from the early failure of ipsilateral neurite extension. The @entity0 hormones, the @entity4 , are responsible for the outgrowth of adult neurites. The onset of the latter is correlated with the @entity4 increase that promotes adult differentiation and does not occur under conditions such as diapause, in which the normal @entity0 rise is absent. Artificial replacement of @entity4 , however, induces the adult-specific growth. This action of @entity4 to cause a change in neuronal form requires the absence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Application of @entity2 mimics prior to the onset of the program of adult outgrowth blocks this outgrowth. MN-1 and MN-3 show different times of @entity2 sensitivity, which appear to be correlated with different times of neurite outgrowth. It is concluded that the role of @entity2 is to maintain the status quo of central neurons and prevent changes in form in response to @entity4 . In the absence of @entity2 , the @entity4 can then exert morphogenetic changes, but the nature of these actions, neurite outgrowth or regression, is likely a function of the developmental history of the cell.

title: Hormonal regulation of the shape of identified motoneurons in the moth XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The superior cervical @entity4 (SCG) was reinnervated by vagal afferent fibers by cross @entity0 between the cranial end of nodose @entity4 and the caudal end of SCG in @entity1 . Formation of functional synapses was evidenced by unilateral mydriasis and contraction of the nictitating membrane in response to inflation of the stomach with a balloon or to electrical stimulation of the afferent vagus. The @entity2 ( @entity3 ) content in the cross-anastomosed SCG (reinnervated by vagal afferent fibers) was measured. In anastomosed SCG, the @entity3 content was about half of normal SCG, but significantly higher than chronically decentralized SCG. Also the @entity3 content in nodose @entity4 (NDG) was investigated in situations in which there was @entity0 , chronic supra, infra, or supra-/infranodose vagotomy. The @entity3 content of anastomosed NDG was near that of supranosdose vagotomized @entity4 . The @entity3 content of supra-/infranodose vagotomized NDG, which can be considered the NDG itself, was as much as that of normal intact NDG. It was found that the @entity3 content of infranodose vagotomized NDG was increased, possibly the result of vagal efferent axonal flow or transport. The @entity3 content of vagal trunk with or without infranodose vagotomy was also measured. The @entity3 content of vagal trunk with infranodose vagotomy was smaller than that of the normal trunk, but there was still a considerable quantity of @entity3 . There was no significant change in wet weight of the SCG and NDG before or after the operations. From these results we have concluded that the transmission of the cross-anastomosed SCG (reinnervated with vagal afferent nerve) was cholinergic; and that the vagal afferent nerve have afferent cell bodies not only in NDG but also in peripheral vagal trunks (infranodose portion). These results strongly suggest that vagal afferent fibers are in part cholinergic.

title: @entity2 content in superior cervical XXXX following reinnervation of vagal afferent fibers in cat.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The superior cervical @entity4 (SCG) was reinnervated by vagal afferent fibers by cross @entity0 between the cranial end of nodose @entity4 and the caudal end of SCG in @entity1 . Formation of functional synapses was evidenced by unilateral mydriasis and contraction of the nictitating membrane in response to inflation of the stomach with a balloon or to electrical stimulation of the afferent vagus. The @entity2 ( @entity3 ) content in the cross-anastomosed SCG (reinnervated by vagal afferent fibers) was measured. In anastomosed SCG, the @entity3 content was about half of normal SCG, but significantly higher than chronically decentralized SCG. Also the @entity3 content in nodose @entity4 (NDG) was investigated in situations in which there was @entity0 , chronic supra, infra, or supra-/infranodose vagotomy. The @entity3 content of anastomosed NDG was near that of supranosdose vagotomized @entity4 . The @entity3 content of supra-/infranodose vagotomized NDG, which can be considered the NDG itself, was as much as that of normal intact NDG. It was found that the @entity3 content of infranodose vagotomized NDG was increased, possibly the result of vagal efferent axonal flow or transport. The @entity3 content of vagal trunk with or without infranodose vagotomy was also measured. The @entity3 content of vagal trunk with infranodose vagotomy was smaller than that of the normal trunk, but there was still a considerable quantity of @entity3 . There was no significant change in wet weight of the SCG and NDG before or after the operations. From these results we have concluded that the transmission of the cross-anastomosed SCG (reinnervated with vagal afferent nerve) was cholinergic; and that the vagal afferent nerve have afferent cell bodies not only in NDG but also in peripheral vagal trunks (infranodose portion). These results strongly suggest that vagal afferent fibers are in part cholinergic.

title: XXXX content in superior cervical @entity4 following reinnervation of vagal afferent fibers in cat.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Pulsed Doppler echocardiography in healthy individuals often shows a disturbance of diastolic flow in the right ventricular outflow tract just below the pulmonary valve that suggests regurgitation. This disturbance of diastolic flow was studied in 50 healthy individuals and 40 @entity0 with @entity1 , some of whom had a pulmonary regurgitant murmur. Diastolic flow was disturbed in 39 of the 50 healthy individuals. In 32, cross sectional echocardiography gave a satisfactory image of the pulmonary valve. The characteristic Doppler signals usually lasted throughout diastole, were directed toward the right ventricular cavity, and gradually waned towards end diastole; they formed a spindle shaped area of abnormal signals that extended to within 10 mm of the coaptation of the pulmonary valve towards the right ventricular cavity and the pressure difference estimated from the signals by the modified Bernoulli equation seemed to be proportional to the normal retrograde transpulmonary pressure difference. In all 40 @entity0 with @entity1 , signals indicating @entity3 were found whether or not a regurgitant murmur was present. When it was present, however, the spindle was longer than 20 mm and in @entity0 with @entity2 the velocity of abnormal diastolic flow was higher than in healthy individuals. The Doppler signals registering disturbed flow in the healthy individuals resembled the signals caused by @entity3 in the @entity0 in terms of location, orientation, and configuration. These results show that healthy individuals usually have trivial @entity3 . In practice the distance that the flow disturbance extends from the valve and estimated pressure difference across the valve are probably the most important variables for assessing the clinical significance of @entity3 .

title: Clinical implications of XXXX in healthy individuals: detection by cross sectional pulsed Doppler echocardiography.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Enteroenteric anastomotic strictures of the upper gastrointestinal tract are common and require treatment if significant obstruction occurs. The authors performed 44 fluoroscopically guided balloon dilations in 19 @entity0 with symptomatic anastomotic strictures. The anastomoses were esophagoesophageal (n = 5), esophagogastric (n = 8), esophagoileocolonic (n = 4), and gastrojejunal (n = 2). Nine @entity0 required only one @entity1 for stricture lysis and relief of clinical symptoms. Recurrent symptoms developed in the remaining ten @entity0 , who required two to eight dilations. Radiographically, stenoses made up 40%-90% of the anastomotic lumen before dilation (mean, 72%). Complete resolution of the stricture was achieved during the procedure in 24 instances. Residual stenosis in 18 instances varied from 7% to 45% (mean, 21%). Two complications, a mucosal tear and a perforation, were immediately recognized and successfully treated non-operatively. The authors conclude that fluoroscopically guided @entity1 has an important role in the treatment of anastomotic strictures of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

title: Anastomotic strictures of the upper gastrointestinal tract: results of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The circulating levels of the plasma @entity3 , @entity1 and @entity5 , and their specific binding to skin cytosol, skin nuclear extract, and plasma were determined in mature male and immature male and female brown trout during a single spawning cycle. @entity5 was not bound by any of the fractions examined whereas @entity1 was bound with high affinity to plasma (kD = 32.6 nM), skin cytosol (kD = 16.9 nM), and skin nuclear extract (kD = 2.6 nM). The binding capacity of each fraction varied independently with time. In mature male fish an increase in specific binding of @entity1 to nuclear extract, from 77 to 269 fmol @entity4 protein, occurred between September and November, coincident with peak @entity2 levels. Following the spawning period and the decline in @entity2 levels, nuclear-binding capacity in mature fish dropped to a level similar to that of immature fish by June. Nuclear binding in immature fish remained in the range 25-75 fmol @entity4 protein throughout. Plasma-binding capacity of both mature and immature fish declined during the spawning period, from 190 to 125 nM in mature fish and from 360 to 125 nM in immature fish. Plasma-binding capacity in both mature and immature fish increased following spawning to reach levels of 340 nM (mature) and 250 nM (immature). Little change was observed in cytosol-binding capacity of either mature or immature fish. The results suggest that @entity2 -induced structural changes in the integument are predominantly @entity1 stimulated, are initiated by an increase in the concentration of a specific @entity1 -binding protein within the nucleus, may be potentiated by a drop in plasma @entity1 -binding capacity, and that a cytosol-binding protein of intermediate affinity for @entity1 may maintain a high intracellular concentration of @entity0 .

title: Seasonal variation in specific plasma- and target-tissue binding of @entity3 , relative to plasma XXXX levels, in the brown trout, Salmo trutta L.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The circulating levels of the plasma @entity3 , @entity1 and @entity5 , and their specific binding to skin cytosol, skin nuclear extract, and plasma were determined in mature male and immature male and female brown trout during a single spawning cycle. @entity5 was not bound by any of the fractions examined whereas @entity1 was bound with high affinity to plasma (kD = 32.6 nM), skin cytosol (kD = 16.9 nM), and skin nuclear extract (kD = 2.6 nM). The binding capacity of each fraction varied independently with time. In mature male fish an increase in specific binding of @entity1 to nuclear extract, from 77 to 269 fmol @entity4 protein, occurred between September and November, coincident with peak @entity2 levels. Following the spawning period and the decline in @entity2 levels, nuclear-binding capacity in mature fish dropped to a level similar to that of immature fish by June. Nuclear binding in immature fish remained in the range 25-75 fmol @entity4 protein throughout. Plasma-binding capacity of both mature and immature fish declined during the spawning period, from 190 to 125 nM in mature fish and from 360 to 125 nM in immature fish. Plasma-binding capacity in both mature and immature fish increased following spawning to reach levels of 340 nM (mature) and 250 nM (immature). Little change was observed in cytosol-binding capacity of either mature or immature fish. The results suggest that @entity2 -induced structural changes in the integument are predominantly @entity1 stimulated, are initiated by an increase in the concentration of a specific @entity1 -binding protein within the nucleus, may be potentiated by a drop in plasma @entity1 -binding capacity, and that a cytosol-binding protein of intermediate affinity for @entity1 may maintain a high intracellular concentration of @entity0 .

title: Seasonal variation in specific plasma- and target-tissue binding of XXXX , relative to plasma @entity0 levels, in the brown trout, Salmo trutta L.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Using Holter monitoring the Authors compared the effectiveness of @entity4 120 mg every 8 hours for three consecutive days with the results of a placebo administered with the same regimen, following a double-blind completely balanced cross-over trial in 20 @entity0 with @entity3 at rest. During treatment with @entity4 the total number of recorded @entity1 episodes was 100, during treatment with placebo the total number was 357 (Tab. I); P less than 0.01 at analysis of variance (Tab. II). @entity1 episodes during treatment with @entity4 had a shorter duration (3.9 versus 5.1 min.), less marked @entity5 segment shifts (1.3 versus 2 mm), and were less symptomatic (20% versus 29%) than @entity1 episodes during placebo (Tab. III). No significant differences at a paired t test were noted. @entity4 was more effective in the morning (12 p.m. - 12 a.m.: from 187 to 34 @entity1 episodes) than in the evening (12 a.m. - 12 p.m.: from 170 to 66 @entity1 episodes) (Fig. 1); P less than 0.01 at the chi-square test (Tab. IV). @entity4 reduced the number of @entity1 episodes with @entity5 segment elevation, peaking of T waves and negative T wave inversion (from 188 to 39) more than the number of episodes with @entity2 (from 169 to 61) (Tab. V); P less than 0.05 at the chi-square test. In conclusion, in @entity0 with @entity3 at rest, @entity4 reduces the incidence and seems to reduce the severity of @entity1 episodes, too.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity4 in spontaneous XXXX : double-blind cross-over study with Holter monitoring].

answer: @entity3