abstract: There is a general trend worldwide of an increasing incidence of elderly population. Age is the greatest risk factor for @entity3 ; therefore, this demographic shift is the main reason for an increase of @entity3 incidence. @entity1 is a typical disease of the elderly @entity0 . This review summarizes the issues of treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in the elderly. Early stage @entity4 is usually treated with radical surgery, locally advanced @entity4 with radiotherapy (RT) and/or @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 with @entity5 , but the evidence for these approaches is based on studies which are usually performed with highly selected @entity0 while elderly @entity0 are under-represented. We used the data from studies addressing particularly elderly or providing subgroup information on age to analyse the feasibility of current standard approaches for elderly and discuss alternative approaches. Surgery is an effective method in elderly @entity0 with early stage @entity4 although some approaches bear a somewhat higher risk of operative morbidity and mortality. RT for early stage may be an alternative with curative potential. For locally advanced stage RT alone, or combined radiochemotherapy in selected cases, is feasible for elderly @entity0 with locally advanced @entity4 when a careful assessment of pre-therapeutic status is made and appropriate drugs are selected. Advanced age alone also should not preclude @entity5 , although the risk of adverse effect may be higher in certain cases. New generation drugs seem to be particularly feasible and efficient in elderly @entity0 . In general, age itself does not seem to preclude @entity0 from standard treatments although in some cases co-morbidity forces to alternative approaches. Currently, single-agent @entity5 should be considered as the standard treatment of advanced @entity4 elderly @entity0 .

title: Treatment of @entity1 in the elderly. Part I: XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: There is a general trend worldwide of an increasing incidence of elderly population. Age is the greatest risk factor for @entity3 ; therefore, this demographic shift is the main reason for an increase of @entity3 incidence. @entity1 is a typical disease of the elderly @entity0 . This review summarizes the issues of treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in the elderly. Early stage @entity4 is usually treated with radical surgery, locally advanced @entity4 with radiotherapy (RT) and/or @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 with @entity5 , but the evidence for these approaches is based on studies which are usually performed with highly selected @entity0 while elderly @entity0 are under-represented. We used the data from studies addressing particularly elderly or providing subgroup information on age to analyse the feasibility of current standard approaches for elderly and discuss alternative approaches. Surgery is an effective method in elderly @entity0 with early stage @entity4 although some approaches bear a somewhat higher risk of operative morbidity and mortality. RT for early stage may be an alternative with curative potential. For locally advanced stage RT alone, or combined radiochemotherapy in selected cases, is feasible for elderly @entity0 with locally advanced @entity4 when a careful assessment of pre-therapeutic status is made and appropriate drugs are selected. Advanced age alone also should not preclude @entity5 , although the risk of adverse effect may be higher in certain cases. New generation drugs seem to be particularly feasible and efficient in elderly @entity0 . In general, age itself does not seem to preclude @entity0 from standard treatments although in some cases co-morbidity forces to alternative approaches. Currently, single-agent @entity5 should be considered as the standard treatment of advanced @entity4 elderly @entity0 .

title: Treatment of XXXX in the elderly. Part I: @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Purpose. Decline in confrontation naming ability occurs in a subset of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 following left (dominant) anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). @entity0 with late age of onset of @entity1 are most vulnerable to such decline. In addition, object names typically acquired later in language development are the words most likely to be inaccessible after ATL. Early-onset left @entity2 @entity0 may be at lower risk for post-ATL @entity3 either because they have a limited preoperative lexicon that does not include most late-age-of-acquistion names or they undergo early ipsilateral language reorganization, which results in a lexicon similar to that of late-onset @entity2 @entity0 but offers protection from post-ATL naming decline.Methods. Sixty-five left hemisphere speech dominant left @entity2 @entity0 who had undergone ATL were assessed pre- and postoperatively on the Boston Naming Test (BNT).Results. The early- and late-onset groups performed similarly across three BNT age-of-acquisition categories at the preoperative assessment. Words acquired relatively later in life were most likely to become inaccessible postoperatively for both groups, but the early-onset @entity0 showed significantly less overall postoperative decline in naming ability compared with the late-onset group.Conclusions. The more stable pre- to postoperative naming performance exhibited by early-onset @entity0 cannot be attributed to lack of acquisition of the words shown to be most vulnerable to postoperative decline (i.e., late-age-of-acquisition words). Their object naming stability suggests that early-onset left @entity2 @entity0 undergo intrahemispheric reorganization of language early in life that provides protective benefits.

title: Ipsilateral Reorganization of Language in Early-Onset Left XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of Cimicifuga racemosa (CR @entity3 ) on hot flushes caused by @entity2 adjuvant therapy in young @entity0 survivors. This treatment presents an off-label use of CR @entity3 . METHODS: Between May 1999 and December 2001, we accrued 136 @entity0 survivors aged 35-52 years. After treatment with segmental or total mastectomy, radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, @entity1 were in open-label randomly assigned (1-2) to receive @entity2 20 mg per day orally (usual-care group; n=46) or @entity2 (same dose and posology) plus CR @entity3 (Menofem/Klimadynon, corresponding to 20 mg of herbal drug; intervention group n=90). Duration of treatment was 5 years for @entity2 , according to international standards for adjuvant therapies, and 12 months for CR @entity3 . Follow-up included clinical assessment every 2 months; the primary endpoint was to record the number and intensity of hot flushes. RESULTS: Comparing @entity1 assigned to usual-care group with those assigned to intervention group, the number and severity of hot flushes were reduced after intervention. Almost half of the @entity1 of the intervention group were free of hot flushes, while severe hot flushes were reported by 24.4% of @entity1 of intervention group and 73.9% of the usual-care group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Hot flushes were the most frequent adverse reaction to @entity2 adjuvant therapy in @entity0 survivors. The combined administration of @entity2 plus CR @entity3 for a period of 12 months allowed satisfactory reduction in the number and severity of hot flushes.

title: Cimicifuga racemosa for the treatment of hot flushes in @entity1 surviving XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of Cimicifuga racemosa (CR @entity3 ) on hot flushes caused by @entity2 adjuvant therapy in young @entity0 survivors. This treatment presents an off-label use of CR @entity3 . METHODS: Between May 1999 and December 2001, we accrued 136 @entity0 survivors aged 35-52 years. After treatment with segmental or total mastectomy, radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, @entity1 were in open-label randomly assigned (1-2) to receive @entity2 20 mg per day orally (usual-care group; n=46) or @entity2 (same dose and posology) plus CR @entity3 (Menofem/Klimadynon, corresponding to 20 mg of herbal drug; intervention group n=90). Duration of treatment was 5 years for @entity2 , according to international standards for adjuvant therapies, and 12 months for CR @entity3 . Follow-up included clinical assessment every 2 months; the primary endpoint was to record the number and intensity of hot flushes. RESULTS: Comparing @entity1 assigned to usual-care group with those assigned to intervention group, the number and severity of hot flushes were reduced after intervention. Almost half of the @entity1 of the intervention group were free of hot flushes, while severe hot flushes were reported by 24.4% of @entity1 of intervention group and 73.9% of the usual-care group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Hot flushes were the most frequent adverse reaction to @entity2 adjuvant therapy in @entity0 survivors. The combined administration of @entity2 plus CR @entity3 for a period of 12 months allowed satisfactory reduction in the number and severity of hot flushes.

title: Cimicifuga racemosa for the treatment of hot flushes in XXXX surviving @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A capillary zone electrophoresis assay for the analysis of @entity3 has been developed and validated. The influence of buffer concentration, buffer pH, @entity0 as organic modifier, capillary temperature, applied voltage and injection time was systemically investigated in a fused @entity2 capillary (i.d. 50 microm, total length 44 cm and effective length 35.5 cm). Optimum results were obtained with a 100 mM borate buffer (pH 8.5) containing 5% @entity0 , capillary temperature 25 degrees C, applied voltage 20 kV and injection time 3 s hydrodynamic injection. The detection wavelength was set to 205 nm. @entity1 was used as internal standard. The method showed good selectivity, accuracy, precision, linearity and sensitivity according to the evaluation of the validation parameters. The method was applied to the determination of six pharmaceutical preparations including two dosage forms. The relative standard deviation of 7 replicate analyses for each sample was less than 0.66%. The results were compared with a spectrophotometric method reported in literature and no significant difference was found statistically.

title: Method development and validation for the analysis of XXXX in tablets by CZE.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have suggested that red blood cell proteolytic systems can degrade oxidatively damaged proteins, and that both damage and degradation are independent of lipid peroxidation (Davies, K. J. A., and Goldberg, A. L. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 8220-8226. These ideas have now been tested in cell-free extracts of @entity3 erythrocytes and reticulocytes. Exposure to @entity1 radicals or @entity5 increases the degradation of endogenous proteins in cell-free extracts, as in intact cells. Various radical-generating systems ( @entity12 or @entity13 + @entity13 oxidase, @entity6 + @entity2 , @entity5 + @entity2 ) and @entity5 alone enhanced the rates of proteolysis severalfold. Since these extracts were free of membrane lipids, @entity0 and degradation must be independent of lipid peroxidation. An antioxidant buffer consisting of @entity16 , @entity7 , and @entity15 inhibited the increased proteolysis by 60-100%. @entity11 caused a 50-80% reduction in proteolysis suggesting that the @entity14 radical (. @entity10 ), or a species with similar reactivity, may be the initiator of @entity0 . When casein or bovine serum albumin were exposed to . @entity10 (generated by @entity5 + @entity17 , or COCo radiation) these proteins were degraded up to 50 times faster than untreated proteins during subsequent incubations with red cell extracts. @entity11 inhibited this increase in proteolysis only if present during . @entity10 exposure; @entity11 did not affect the degradative system. Although @entity8 increased the degradation of untreated proteins 4- to 6-fold in reticulocyte extracts, it had little or no effect on the degradation of proteins exposed to . @entity10 . @entity8 also did not stimulate hydrolysis of @entity10 -treated proteins in erythrocyte extracts. Leupeptin did not affect the degradative processes in either extract; thus lysosomal or @entity4 -activated @entity9 proteases were not involved. We propose that red cells contain a soluble, @entity8 -independent proteolytic pathway which may protect against the accumulation of proteins damaged by . @entity10 or other active @entity1 species.

title: Proteins damaged by XXXX radicals are rapidly degraded in extracts of red blood cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prenatal smoke exposure is associated with airway @entity1 and @entity2 in @entity0 . It also increases the risk of low birth weight (LBW). LBW is associated with @entity4 independently of smoking. OBJECTIVE: To study the independent and joint effects of prenatal smoking and LBW on childhood @entity2 . METHODS: In 1996, all @entity0 aged 7 to 8 years in 3 cities in northern Sweden were invited to an International Study of Asthma and @entity3 in Childhood questionnaire survey. This study focused on the follow-up of @entity0 aged 11 to 12 years, in which 3389 @entity0 (96%) participated. A subset of 2121 @entity0 underwent skin-prick testing. Self-reported physician-diagnosed @entity2 has been clinically validated. RESULTS: Mean birth weight was 3360 g in @entity0 exposed to prenatal smoking and 3571 g in nonexposed @entity0 (P < .001). The association of prenatal smoking with physician-diagnosed @entity2 was stronger in LBW @entity0 (risk ratio: 8.8 [95% confidence interval: 2.1-38]) than in normal birth weight @entity0 (risk ratio: 1.3 [95% confidence interval: 1.0-1.8]). LBW alone was not an independent predictor of @entity2 . These associations were similar in multivariate analysis, and the interaction term LBW   smoking was highly statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: There was a strong interaction of LBW and prenatal-smoking on the risk of physician-diagnosed @entity2 , which has not been demonstrated previously. This was consistently seen with adjustment for known risk factors, including allergic sensitization. Plausibly, airway @entity1 from prenatal smoke exposure induces obstructive symptoms more easily in the underdeveloped airways of LBW @entity0 .

title: A strong synergism of low birth weight and prenatal smoking on XXXX in schoolchildren.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Responses to influenza vaccines are poorly characterized in immunocompromised @entity0 . The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of the AS03-adjuvanted influenza H1N1/A/09 vaccine in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. DESIGN AND METHODS: We enrolled 65 @entity0 and 138 controls in an open prospective study. Controls received one dose and @entity0 2 doses of the AS03-adjuvanted influenza H1N1/A/09 vaccine at a 3-week interval. Geometric mean titers and seroprotection/seroconversion rates were determined by hemagglutination inhibition before and four weeks after the last immunization. Clinical and biological markers, including immunoglobulins, CD3+, @entity1 +, @entity2 + and na  ve @entity1 + T-cell counts were assessed in all @entity0 . RESULTS: Baseline seroprotection rates were low in @entity0 (6.6%) and controls (14.8%). After 2 doses, @entity0 (n=57, 92.3%) achieved similar seroprotection rates (84% vs. 87%, P=0.65) and antibody titers (305 vs. 340, P=0.88) as controls (n=131, 93.9%) after one dose. In univariate analysis, transplant-to-vaccination interval less than 12 months, active @entity3 , immunosuppressive drugs, hemoglobin less than 12 g/L, @entity4 less than 1 G/L, IgG less than 4 g/L, IgA less than 0.5 g/L, IgM less than 0.5 g/L and naive @entity1 + T cells less than 150/ L were significantly associated with weaker responses. Multivariate analysis identified transplant-to-vaccination interval and active @entity3 as the most powerful negative predictors of antibody responses (P=0.04 and P=0.002, respectively). Vaccination was well tolerated in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2 doses of an adjuvanted influenza vaccine elicited comparable responses to a single dose in healthy individuals. However, vaccine responses remained poor in @entity0 with ongoing @entity3 , supporting the need for additional strategies in this high-risk @entity0 population. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01022905).

title: XXXX is the major determinant of humoral responses to the AS03-adjuvanted influenza A/09/H1N1 vaccine in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Old generation H1-type antihistamines are the standard therapeutic option for @entity2 ( @entity2 ), but adverse effects are common. New antihistamines are well tolerated but efficacy is often poor. The present study aims to evaluate efficacy and safety of @entity4 in the treatment of @entity2 @entity0 intolerant to old antihistamines and resistant to new drugs. We studied 14 @entity0 (4 males and 10 females). Mean duration of the disease was 48.9 (range 7-102) months. Cold cube test was positive in 78.6 % of @entity0 . Cold @entity1 was idiopathic in 10 (71.4 %) @entity0 . Cryoglobulins were detected in the serum of 4 cases (28.6 %). @entity4 (25 mg t.i.d.) was administered for 3 months, and then it was gently tapered off and stopped within 2 months. A complete or good response was obtained in 8 (57.1 %) and 2 (14.3 %) @entity0 , respectively. Only two @entity0 were unresponsive (21.4 %). Tapering off or stopping @entity4 was followed by the relapse of cold @entity1 in 7 cases (50.0 %). These @entity0 were amenable to a second treatment cycle. Six @entity0 (42.9 %) had a persistent remission. A @entity0 interrupted the therapy because of severe vertigo. Three @entity0 reported mild and transitory adverse effects including epigastralgia, @entity3 and drowsiness. In conclusion, @entity4 at high doses may be considered as an effective and well-tolerated treatment for @entity2 .

title: XXXX is a useful and well-tolerated drug in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: Old generation H1-type antihistamines are the standard therapeutic option for @entity2 ( @entity2 ), but adverse effects are common. New antihistamines are well tolerated but efficacy is often poor. The present study aims to evaluate efficacy and safety of @entity4 in the treatment of @entity2 @entity0 intolerant to old antihistamines and resistant to new drugs. We studied 14 @entity0 (4 males and 10 females). Mean duration of the disease was 48.9 (range 7-102) months. Cold cube test was positive in 78.6 % of @entity0 . Cold @entity1 was idiopathic in 10 (71.4 %) @entity0 . Cryoglobulins were detected in the serum of 4 cases (28.6 %). @entity4 (25 mg t.i.d.) was administered for 3 months, and then it was gently tapered off and stopped within 2 months. A complete or good response was obtained in 8 (57.1 %) and 2 (14.3 %) @entity0 , respectively. Only two @entity0 were unresponsive (21.4 %). Tapering off or stopping @entity4 was followed by the relapse of cold @entity1 in 7 cases (50.0 %). These @entity0 were amenable to a second treatment cycle. Six @entity0 (42.9 %) had a persistent remission. A @entity0 interrupted the therapy because of severe vertigo. Three @entity0 reported mild and transitory adverse effects including epigastralgia, @entity3 and drowsiness. In conclusion, @entity4 at high doses may be considered as an effective and well-tolerated treatment for @entity2 .

title: @entity4 is a useful and well-tolerated drug in the treatment of XXXX ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: Old generation H1-type antihistamines are the standard therapeutic option for @entity2 ( @entity2 ), but adverse effects are common. New antihistamines are well tolerated but efficacy is often poor. The present study aims to evaluate efficacy and safety of @entity4 in the treatment of @entity2 @entity0 intolerant to old antihistamines and resistant to new drugs. We studied 14 @entity0 (4 males and 10 females). Mean duration of the disease was 48.9 (range 7-102) months. Cold cube test was positive in 78.6 % of @entity0 . Cold @entity1 was idiopathic in 10 (71.4 %) @entity0 . Cryoglobulins were detected in the serum of 4 cases (28.6 %). @entity4 (25 mg t.i.d.) was administered for 3 months, and then it was gently tapered off and stopped within 2 months. A complete or good response was obtained in 8 (57.1 %) and 2 (14.3 %) @entity0 , respectively. Only two @entity0 were unresponsive (21.4 %). Tapering off or stopping @entity4 was followed by the relapse of cold @entity1 in 7 cases (50.0 %). These @entity0 were amenable to a second treatment cycle. Six @entity0 (42.9 %) had a persistent remission. A @entity0 interrupted the therapy because of severe vertigo. Three @entity0 reported mild and transitory adverse effects including epigastralgia, @entity3 and drowsiness. In conclusion, @entity4 at high doses may be considered as an effective and well-tolerated treatment for @entity2 .

title: @entity4 is a useful and well-tolerated drug in the treatment of @entity2 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: The PI3K pathway and its regulation of @entity0 target of @entity4 complex 1 ( @entity8 ) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) play pivotal roles in controlling @entity1 . In this article, we show that @entity8 and @entity6 converge and that the capacity of @entity8 to affect the inflammatory response is due to the inactivation of @entity6 . Inhibition of @entity8 attenuated GSK3 phosphorylation and increased its kinase activity. Immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that @entity6 associated with a downstream target of @entity8 , p85S6K, and phosphorylated @entity6 . Inhibition of @entity9 abrogated the phosphorylation of @entity6 while increasing and decreasing the levels of IL-12 and @entity3 , respectively, in @entity2 -stimulated monocytes. In contrast, the direct inhibition of GSK3 attenuated the capacity of @entity9 inhibition to influence the levels of @entity3 and IL-12 produced by @entity2 -stimulated cells. At the transcriptional level, @entity8 inhibition reduced the DNA binding of @entity7 and this effect was reversed by GSK3 inhibition. As a result, @entity8 inhibition increased the levels of NF-kB @entity5 associated with @entity10 . Inhibition of NF-kB @entity5 attenuated @entity4 's ability to influence the levels of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine production in monocytes stimulated with @entity2 . These studies identify the molecular mechanism by which @entity8 affects GSK3 and show that @entity8 inhibition regulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production via its capacity to inactivate GSK3.

title: Convergence of the @entity0 target of XXXX complex 1- and glycogen synthase kinase 3-b-signaling pathways regulates the innate inflammatory response.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The PI3K pathway and its regulation of @entity0 target of @entity4 complex 1 ( @entity8 ) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) play pivotal roles in controlling @entity1 . In this article, we show that @entity8 and @entity6 converge and that the capacity of @entity8 to affect the inflammatory response is due to the inactivation of @entity6 . Inhibition of @entity8 attenuated GSK3 phosphorylation and increased its kinase activity. Immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that @entity6 associated with a downstream target of @entity8 , p85S6K, and phosphorylated @entity6 . Inhibition of @entity9 abrogated the phosphorylation of @entity6 while increasing and decreasing the levels of IL-12 and @entity3 , respectively, in @entity2 -stimulated monocytes. In contrast, the direct inhibition of GSK3 attenuated the capacity of @entity9 inhibition to influence the levels of @entity3 and IL-12 produced by @entity2 -stimulated cells. At the transcriptional level, @entity8 inhibition reduced the DNA binding of @entity7 and this effect was reversed by GSK3 inhibition. As a result, @entity8 inhibition increased the levels of NF-kB @entity5 associated with @entity10 . Inhibition of NF-kB @entity5 attenuated @entity4 's ability to influence the levels of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine production in monocytes stimulated with @entity2 . These studies identify the molecular mechanism by which @entity8 affects GSK3 and show that @entity8 inhibition regulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production via its capacity to inactivate GSK3.

title: Convergence of the XXXX target of @entity4 complex 1- and glycogen synthase kinase 3-b-signaling pathways regulates the innate inflammatory response.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Having considered their 13 cases of @entity3 where @entity4 is found in the peritoneum, the authors reviewed 420 cases abstracted from the literature. It is a rare condition (2 out of every 10,000 laparotomies) and is three times more common in @entity0 than in @entity0 . the mean age is 53 years. The spontaneous evolution of the condition before the diagnosis is made is about 21 months, as the aetiology and histology may be confusing. Diagnosis is made easier by paracentesis, but ultrasound and now tomodensitometry, are very helpful. It is interesting that in 5 out of the 13 cases there was a rise in carcino-embryonic antigen (C.E.A.) both in the gelatinous material and in the serum. Five cases out of the 5 appendix @entity1 or @entity1 of the ovary which were benign showed this feature. The level of C.E.A. in the serum was weak (50-150 ng/ml) when the quantity of gelatinous material was large (48,000-70,000 ng/ml). In one case a step-ladder rise in C.E.A. corresponded to clinical changes. Finally, the proof that C.E.A. was secreted by the cells of a cyst @entity2 could have been brought about by the phenomenon of immuno-competition. The following therapeutic measures are proposed: first surgery and then the use of proteolytic enzymes with, in benign lesions, estimations of C.E.A. and tomodensitometry. This last examination makes it possible, in cases of recurrences, to separate the "young" forms which can still be sensitive to enzyme treatment, from the "old" forms which are resistant to such treatment and may be respond better to chemotherapy.

title: [ XXXX in females. 13 personal cases. Practical deductions from a review of 420 cases in the literature].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is mounting evidence for the contribution of @entity2 to the pathophysiology of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Studies also indicate that plasma @entity2 levels may reflect disease status, suggesting that @entity2 is a potential @entity1 biomarker. However, while some studies of @entity2 levels in plasma have presented correlations with @entity1 pathology, others have not. Thus, there is a lack of consensus as to the suitability of plasma @entity2 as an @entity1 biomarker. The major objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate total plasma @entity2 as well as levels of the @entity2 form in a large, highly characterized cohort which included both healthy controls and @entity0 with early-stage @entity1 . METHODS: Total @entity2 and @entity2 were measured in 1,079 individuals drawn from the highly characterized Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study. Total and isoform-specific plasma @entity2 levels were then compared with cerebral Ab load, as assessed by PET using Pittsburgh compound B ( @entity3 ). RESULTS: Total @entity2 and @entity2 levels were found to be significantly lower in @entity0 with @entity1 in the entire cohort, and decrease with Ab load in the @entity3 -PET subset. @entity2 levels were significantly lower among   4 homozygous individuals. In @entity2 /  4 heterozygote carriers, @entity2 levels decrease, indicating that @entity2 levels increase with disease. CONCLUSION: Analysis of cross-sectional data from the AIBL study indicates that plasma @entity2 levels are altered in @entity1 and correlate with @entity1 pathology level. The significance of these findings will be determined in the AIBL longitudinal study of aging.

title: Plasma apolipoprotein E and XXXX risk: the AIBL study of aging.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Surfactant proteins (SPs) play an important role in surfactant metabolism and function. Understanding their relative contribution to clinical outcome remains incomplete. Exogenous surfactants differ in their SP content and physiologic effects. The aims of this study were to measure bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) SP concentrations from preterm @entity0 ventilated for @entity2 and to assess their association with clinical outcome. Fifty preterm @entity0 randomized to receive a natural or synthetic surfactant were lavaged each day for the first week and twice weekly thereafter using a standardized nonbronchoscopic technique. BAL @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 concentrations were measured using ELISA. Median BAL @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 concentrations for the whole cohort rose significantly during the first postnatal week (p < 0.05). @entity3 concentration did not differ between outcome groups. BAL @entity5 concentration rose significantly in lungs that were not supplemented with @entity5 . @entity0 dying had significantly lower BAL @entity5 concentrations on d 2 and 6 compared with survivors. BAL @entity4 concentrations were significantly lower on d 2 and 3 among @entity0 in supplemental @entity1 on d 28 compared with those in air. BAL @entity3 and @entity4 concentrations did not differ significantly between @entity0 randomized to receive a natural or synthetic surfactant. Lower BAL @entity5 and @entity4 but not @entity3 concentrations were associated with worse clinical prognosis.

title: Bronchoalveolar lavage surfactant protein a, B, and d concentrations in preterm @entity0 ventilated for XXXX receiving natural and synthetic surfactants.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Surfactant proteins (SPs) play an important role in surfactant metabolism and function. Understanding their relative contribution to clinical outcome remains incomplete. Exogenous surfactants differ in their SP content and physiologic effects. The aims of this study were to measure bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) SP concentrations from preterm @entity0 ventilated for @entity2 and to assess their association with clinical outcome. Fifty preterm @entity0 randomized to receive a natural or synthetic surfactant were lavaged each day for the first week and twice weekly thereafter using a standardized nonbronchoscopic technique. BAL @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 concentrations were measured using ELISA. Median BAL @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 concentrations for the whole cohort rose significantly during the first postnatal week (p < 0.05). @entity3 concentration did not differ between outcome groups. BAL @entity5 concentration rose significantly in lungs that were not supplemented with @entity5 . @entity0 dying had significantly lower BAL @entity5 concentrations on d 2 and 6 compared with survivors. BAL @entity4 concentrations were significantly lower on d 2 and 3 among @entity0 in supplemental @entity1 on d 28 compared with those in air. BAL @entity3 and @entity4 concentrations did not differ significantly between @entity0 randomized to receive a natural or synthetic surfactant. Lower BAL @entity5 and @entity4 but not @entity3 concentrations were associated with worse clinical prognosis.

title: Bronchoalveolar lavage surfactant protein a, B, and d concentrations in preterm XXXX ventilated for @entity2 receiving natural and synthetic surfactants.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The synthetic vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity5 ) analogue Ro 25-1553 is a selective @entity5 -PACAP type 2 (VPAC(2)) receptor agonist that causes a bronchodilatory effect in @entity2 in vivo. The effect of Ro 25-1553 given by inhalation to @entity0 with @entity1 was studied and compared with that of a long acting beta(2) adrenoceptor agonist. METHODS: Twenty four @entity0 with moderate stable @entity1 participated in a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study. The primary variable was bronchodilatory effect (increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FEV(1)) after inhalation of Ro 25-1553 (100 microg or 600 microg) and @entity4 (4.5 microg), respectively. Putative side effects were characterised by monitoring sitting blood pressure, serum @entity3 , electrocardiography and echocardiography. RESULTS: Inhalation of 600 microg Ro 25-1553 caused a rapid bronchodilatory effect (geometric mean increase in FEV(1) compared with placebo) within 3 minutes of 6% (95% CI 4 to 9), as did inhalation of @entity4 (8% (95% CI 5 to 10)). The corresponding maximum bronchodilatory effect during 24 hours was similar for 600 microg Ro 25-1553 (7% (95% CI 4 to 10)) and the reference bronchodilator @entity4 (10% (95% CI 7 to 12)). However, for both doses of Ro 25-1553 the bronchodilatory effect was attenuated 5 hours after inhalation whereas @entity4 still had a bronchodilatory effect 12 hours after inhalation. Neither @entity6 nor @entity4 produced any clinically relevant side effects. No drug related difference in adverse events was observed. CONCLUSION: Inhalation of a synthetic selective VPAC(2) receptor agonist constitutes a promising approach for bronchodilation in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Bronchodilation by an inhaled VPAC(2) receptor agonist in @entity0 with stable XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The synthetic vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity5 ) analogue Ro 25-1553 is a selective @entity5 -PACAP type 2 (VPAC(2)) receptor agonist that causes a bronchodilatory effect in @entity2 in vivo. The effect of Ro 25-1553 given by inhalation to @entity0 with @entity1 was studied and compared with that of a long acting beta(2) adrenoceptor agonist. METHODS: Twenty four @entity0 with moderate stable @entity1 participated in a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study. The primary variable was bronchodilatory effect (increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FEV(1)) after inhalation of Ro 25-1553 (100 microg or 600 microg) and @entity4 (4.5 microg), respectively. Putative side effects were characterised by monitoring sitting blood pressure, serum @entity3 , electrocardiography and echocardiography. RESULTS: Inhalation of 600 microg Ro 25-1553 caused a rapid bronchodilatory effect (geometric mean increase in FEV(1) compared with placebo) within 3 minutes of 6% (95% CI 4 to 9), as did inhalation of @entity4 (8% (95% CI 5 to 10)). The corresponding maximum bronchodilatory effect during 24 hours was similar for 600 microg Ro 25-1553 (7% (95% CI 4 to 10)) and the reference bronchodilator @entity4 (10% (95% CI 7 to 12)). However, for both doses of Ro 25-1553 the bronchodilatory effect was attenuated 5 hours after inhalation whereas @entity4 still had a bronchodilatory effect 12 hours after inhalation. Neither @entity6 nor @entity4 produced any clinically relevant side effects. No drug related difference in adverse events was observed. CONCLUSION: Inhalation of a synthetic selective VPAC(2) receptor agonist constitutes a promising approach for bronchodilation in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Bronchodilation by an inhaled VPAC(2) receptor agonist in XXXX with stable @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Desquamative inflammatory @entity2 is a clinical syndrome frequently unrecognized, characterized by vaginal rash and purulent discharge. We describe @entity0 outcomes and treatment at follow-up in a case series of 98 @entity0 diagnosed with this syndrome. METHODS: We performed a chart review of 130 @entity0 diagnosed with desquamative inflammatory @entity2 between 1996 and 2007 in a referral university-based @entity2 clinic. Clinical findings, laboratory findings, and treatment were documented during the first 12 months and at 2 and 4 years. RESULTS: Of the 98 @entity0 reviewed, 97 were white; mean age was 48.6 years (plus or minus 10.2 years), and 50% were postmenopausal. All @entity0 were symptomatic with vaginal @entity1 and 72% had vestibular findings. Treatment with topical 2% @entity4 (54%) or 10% @entity3 (46%) dramatically relieved symptoms within 3 weeks (median) in 86% of @entity0 . Treatment was discontinued (median 8 weeks) in 53 @entity0 experiencing clinical remission accompanied by normal wet mount appearance; however, 17 (32%) relapsed within 6 weeks. At 1 year, cure was achieved in 25 @entity0 (26%), 57 (58%) were asymptomatic but remained dependent on maintenance treatment, and 16 (16%) were partially controlled only. A favorable initial response to therapy was associated with positive clinical prognosis by 20 weeks of follow-up (P=.01). CONCLUSION: Desquamative inflammatory @entity2 is a chronic inflammatory process involving both vagina and vestibule, occurring almost exclusively in white @entity0 , that responds well to topical anti-inflammatory therapy, although long-term maintenance therapy frequently is required. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: Prognosis and treatment of desquamative inflammatory XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinicopathological features of invasive @entity1 arising in @entity6 of the pancreas (IPMN) by histological subtype of the invasive component and to compare the outcomes of these @entity0 to a cohort of matched @entity0 with conventional ductal @entity3 . BACKGROUND: Two distinct histological subtypes of invasive @entity1 arising in IPMNs have been described, @entity5 and @entity2 . Previous reports have suggested prognostic differences between these 2 subtypes but a matched comparison of @entity5 , @entity2 , and conventional @entity3 has not been reported. METHODS: The clinicopathological variables of 59 @entity0 resected for an invasive component of IPMN were analyzed with detailed pathologic review of histopathologic subtype ( @entity5 and @entity2 ). Using a postresection @entity3 nomogram, @entity0 with either @entity2 were matched on a 1:1 basis with @entity0 resected for conventional ductal @entity3 . Clinicopathological factors and overall outcome was analyzed between the matched groups. RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity0 underwent resection for IPMN with an associated @entity1 ( @entity7 ). The estimated 3- and 5-year survival rates were 76% and 68%, respectively. @entity2 was present in 35 @entity0 (59%) and 24 @entity0 (41%) had @entity5 . @entity2 subtype [hazard ratio (HR) 3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-11.6] and the presence of positive regional lymph nodes (HR 3.2 95% CI 1.2-8.2) were clinicopathological factors predictive of decreased survival by multivariate analysis. The 5-year estimated survival rates for @entity2 and @entity5 were 55% and 87%, respectively (P = 0.01). When compared with @entity0 with @entity4 resected during the same time period matched by a prognostic nomogram, @entity0 with @entity5 had a significantly longer survival outcome compared with @entity0 with conventional @entity2 (P = 0.0001). By contrast, survival after resection between @entity0 with the tubular subtype (3-year estimated survival, 61%) and the matched group with conventional @entity2 (3-year estimated survival, 21%) (P = 0.87) was not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the @entity5 histological subtype of invasive IPMN had a more statistically favorable survival outcome than the tubular subtype. @entity0 with invasive tubular IPMN had no statistically significant difference in survival as matched @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: @entity1 arising in XXXX of the pancreas: a matched control study with conventional @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinicopathological features of invasive @entity1 arising in @entity6 of the pancreas (IPMN) by histological subtype of the invasive component and to compare the outcomes of these @entity0 to a cohort of matched @entity0 with conventional ductal @entity3 . BACKGROUND: Two distinct histological subtypes of invasive @entity1 arising in IPMNs have been described, @entity5 and @entity2 . Previous reports have suggested prognostic differences between these 2 subtypes but a matched comparison of @entity5 , @entity2 , and conventional @entity3 has not been reported. METHODS: The clinicopathological variables of 59 @entity0 resected for an invasive component of IPMN were analyzed with detailed pathologic review of histopathologic subtype ( @entity5 and @entity2 ). Using a postresection @entity3 nomogram, @entity0 with either @entity2 were matched on a 1:1 basis with @entity0 resected for conventional ductal @entity3 . Clinicopathological factors and overall outcome was analyzed between the matched groups. RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity0 underwent resection for IPMN with an associated @entity1 ( @entity7 ). The estimated 3- and 5-year survival rates were 76% and 68%, respectively. @entity2 was present in 35 @entity0 (59%) and 24 @entity0 (41%) had @entity5 . @entity2 subtype [hazard ratio (HR) 3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-11.6] and the presence of positive regional lymph nodes (HR 3.2 95% CI 1.2-8.2) were clinicopathological factors predictive of decreased survival by multivariate analysis. The 5-year estimated survival rates for @entity2 and @entity5 were 55% and 87%, respectively (P = 0.01). When compared with @entity0 with @entity4 resected during the same time period matched by a prognostic nomogram, @entity0 with @entity5 had a significantly longer survival outcome compared with @entity0 with conventional @entity2 (P = 0.0001). By contrast, survival after resection between @entity0 with the tubular subtype (3-year estimated survival, 61%) and the matched group with conventional @entity2 (3-year estimated survival, 21%) (P = 0.87) was not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the @entity5 histological subtype of invasive IPMN had a more statistically favorable survival outcome than the tubular subtype. @entity0 with invasive tubular IPMN had no statistically significant difference in survival as matched @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: XXXX arising in @entity6 of the pancreas: a matched control study with conventional @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinicopathological features of invasive @entity1 arising in @entity6 of the pancreas (IPMN) by histological subtype of the invasive component and to compare the outcomes of these @entity0 to a cohort of matched @entity0 with conventional ductal @entity3 . BACKGROUND: Two distinct histological subtypes of invasive @entity1 arising in IPMNs have been described, @entity5 and @entity2 . Previous reports have suggested prognostic differences between these 2 subtypes but a matched comparison of @entity5 , @entity2 , and conventional @entity3 has not been reported. METHODS: The clinicopathological variables of 59 @entity0 resected for an invasive component of IPMN were analyzed with detailed pathologic review of histopathologic subtype ( @entity5 and @entity2 ). Using a postresection @entity3 nomogram, @entity0 with either @entity2 were matched on a 1:1 basis with @entity0 resected for conventional ductal @entity3 . Clinicopathological factors and overall outcome was analyzed between the matched groups. RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity0 underwent resection for IPMN with an associated @entity1 ( @entity7 ). The estimated 3- and 5-year survival rates were 76% and 68%, respectively. @entity2 was present in 35 @entity0 (59%) and 24 @entity0 (41%) had @entity5 . @entity2 subtype [hazard ratio (HR) 3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-11.6] and the presence of positive regional lymph nodes (HR 3.2 95% CI 1.2-8.2) were clinicopathological factors predictive of decreased survival by multivariate analysis. The 5-year estimated survival rates for @entity2 and @entity5 were 55% and 87%, respectively (P = 0.01). When compared with @entity0 with @entity4 resected during the same time period matched by a prognostic nomogram, @entity0 with @entity5 had a significantly longer survival outcome compared with @entity0 with conventional @entity2 (P = 0.0001). By contrast, survival after resection between @entity0 with the tubular subtype (3-year estimated survival, 61%) and the matched group with conventional @entity2 (3-year estimated survival, 21%) (P = 0.87) was not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the @entity5 histological subtype of invasive IPMN had a more statistically favorable survival outcome than the tubular subtype. @entity0 with invasive tubular IPMN had no statistically significant difference in survival as matched @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: @entity1 arising in @entity6 of the pancreas: a matched control study with conventional XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) plays a crucial role in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, data on morphology during BAV are lacking. During surgical aortic valve replacement, open BAV was performed as a non-therapeutic in-vivo model prior to aortic valve excision. Twenty-six @entity0 with severe @entity4 were included in the study after ethics committee approval. A valvuloplasty balloon was advanced from the open aorta, across the stenotic aortic valve and was rapidly inflated and deflated. All @entity0 except for one had tricuspid aortic valves with severe visible @entity5 on the aortic side of leaflets. All valves were successfully dilated. Only in the presence of severe central calcific noduli, @entity2 occurred in the middle portion of the leaflets in three and in the commissural part in four @entity0 . No embolization of @entity3 occurred, however, ten coronary leaflets partially reached coronary orifices, resulting in three near-obstructions. The present study visualized for the first time the behaviour of bulky leaflet calcifications during valvuloplasty. @entity2 in the middle portion of the free edge may occur whenever a huge @entity5 completely affects the whole leaflet area. No signs of embolization were observed, possibly explaining low @entity1 rates during TAVI procedures.

title: Open balloon aortic valvuloplasty in XXXX : implications for transcatheter aortic valve implantations.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity7 -induced @entity1 is an animal model of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Increased capillary permeability is a cause of @entity1 in @entity4 . Endothelial cells form a major capillary barrier, and disruption of the barrier appears to involve a decreased level of @entity6 in the cells. @entity8 ( @entity9 ) is an endogenous substance that is one of the @entity6 precursors and can cross some cell membranes via anion exchanger. We examined the effect of @entity9 on @entity7 -induced @entity4 in @entity5 . An intravenous injection of @entity7 (15 microl/kg) caused severe @entity1 . Pretreatment with @entity9 at a dose of 2, 20, or 200 micromol/kg attenuated the @entity7 -induced decrease in the arterial partial pressure of @entity0 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, @entity9 attenuated the @entity7 -induced increase in vascular permeability in the proximal and distal bronchi, as indicated by the extravascular leakage of Evans Blue dye. The combination of @entity9 with @entity6 (4 micromol/kg) showed no additional inhibitory effect on @entity7 -induced @entity4 , compared with @entity9 alone. We suggest that @entity9 is a promising candidate to prevent @entity1 in @entity2 associated with increased vascular permeability, such as @entity3 .

title: Preventive effect of @entity8 on XXXX induced by @entity7 in @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 -induced @entity1 is an animal model of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Increased capillary permeability is a cause of @entity1 in @entity4 . Endothelial cells form a major capillary barrier, and disruption of the barrier appears to involve a decreased level of @entity6 in the cells. @entity8 ( @entity9 ) is an endogenous substance that is one of the @entity6 precursors and can cross some cell membranes via anion exchanger. We examined the effect of @entity9 on @entity7 -induced @entity4 in @entity5 . An intravenous injection of @entity7 (15 microl/kg) caused severe @entity1 . Pretreatment with @entity9 at a dose of 2, 20, or 200 micromol/kg attenuated the @entity7 -induced decrease in the arterial partial pressure of @entity0 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, @entity9 attenuated the @entity7 -induced increase in vascular permeability in the proximal and distal bronchi, as indicated by the extravascular leakage of Evans Blue dye. The combination of @entity9 with @entity6 (4 micromol/kg) showed no additional inhibitory effect on @entity7 -induced @entity4 , compared with @entity9 alone. We suggest that @entity9 is a promising candidate to prevent @entity1 in @entity2 associated with increased vascular permeability, such as @entity3 .

title: Preventive effect of XXXX on @entity1 induced by @entity7 in @entity5 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity7 -induced @entity1 is an animal model of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Increased capillary permeability is a cause of @entity1 in @entity4 . Endothelial cells form a major capillary barrier, and disruption of the barrier appears to involve a decreased level of @entity6 in the cells. @entity8 ( @entity9 ) is an endogenous substance that is one of the @entity6 precursors and can cross some cell membranes via anion exchanger. We examined the effect of @entity9 on @entity7 -induced @entity4 in @entity5 . An intravenous injection of @entity7 (15 microl/kg) caused severe @entity1 . Pretreatment with @entity9 at a dose of 2, 20, or 200 micromol/kg attenuated the @entity7 -induced decrease in the arterial partial pressure of @entity0 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, @entity9 attenuated the @entity7 -induced increase in vascular permeability in the proximal and distal bronchi, as indicated by the extravascular leakage of Evans Blue dye. The combination of @entity9 with @entity6 (4 micromol/kg) showed no additional inhibitory effect on @entity7 -induced @entity4 , compared with @entity9 alone. We suggest that @entity9 is a promising candidate to prevent @entity1 in @entity2 associated with increased vascular permeability, such as @entity3 .

title: Preventive effect of @entity8 on @entity1 induced by @entity7 in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity7 -induced @entity1 is an animal model of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Increased capillary permeability is a cause of @entity1 in @entity4 . Endothelial cells form a major capillary barrier, and disruption of the barrier appears to involve a decreased level of @entity6 in the cells. @entity8 ( @entity9 ) is an endogenous substance that is one of the @entity6 precursors and can cross some cell membranes via anion exchanger. We examined the effect of @entity9 on @entity7 -induced @entity4 in @entity5 . An intravenous injection of @entity7 (15 microl/kg) caused severe @entity1 . Pretreatment with @entity9 at a dose of 2, 20, or 200 micromol/kg attenuated the @entity7 -induced decrease in the arterial partial pressure of @entity0 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, @entity9 attenuated the @entity7 -induced increase in vascular permeability in the proximal and distal bronchi, as indicated by the extravascular leakage of Evans Blue dye. The combination of @entity9 with @entity6 (4 micromol/kg) showed no additional inhibitory effect on @entity7 -induced @entity4 , compared with @entity9 alone. We suggest that @entity9 is a promising candidate to prevent @entity1 in @entity2 associated with increased vascular permeability, such as @entity3 .

title: Preventive effect of @entity8 on @entity1 induced by XXXX in @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Wild deer are one of the important natural reservoir hosts of Anaplasma species, which cause granulocytic anaplasmosis in @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity0 . The objective of the present study was to determine whether and what species of Anaplasma naturally infect @entity4 (KWD) in the Republic of Korea. A total of 66 spleens from KWD carcasses were collected by the Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife in Korea between March 2008 and May 2009. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using 16S ribosomal (r)RNA, with ankA, groEL, and msp2 gene primers to amplify the genes of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia. Using 16S rRNA-based nested PCR, @entity3 and Anaplasma bovis were detected in 42 (63.6%) and 23 (34.8%) of 66 KWD spleens, respectively. The 42 A. phagocytophilum were classified into five genotypes and the 23 A. bovis were classified into two genotypes by sequence analysis. By ankA-, groEL-, and msp2-based nested PCR, A. phagocytophilum was detected in 1 (1.5%), 7 (10.6%), and 3 (4.6%) of 66 samples, respectively. These gene sequences had only one genotype. Five of seven obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences have never been identified. The ankA, groEL, and msp2 obtained gene sequences represented new genotypes. This is the first report of A. phagocytophilum and A. bovis in KWD, suggesting that they may act as reservoirs for anaplasmosis zoonotic pathogens.

title: New genetic variants of XXXX and Anaplasma bovis from @entity4 ( @entity4 ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: Wild deer are one of the important natural reservoir hosts of Anaplasma species, which cause granulocytic anaplasmosis in @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity0 . The objective of the present study was to determine whether and what species of Anaplasma naturally infect @entity4 (KWD) in the Republic of Korea. A total of 66 spleens from KWD carcasses were collected by the Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife in Korea between March 2008 and May 2009. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using 16S ribosomal (r)RNA, with ankA, groEL, and msp2 gene primers to amplify the genes of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia. Using 16S rRNA-based nested PCR, @entity3 and Anaplasma bovis were detected in 42 (63.6%) and 23 (34.8%) of 66 KWD spleens, respectively. The 42 A. phagocytophilum were classified into five genotypes and the 23 A. bovis were classified into two genotypes by sequence analysis. By ankA-, groEL-, and msp2-based nested PCR, A. phagocytophilum was detected in 1 (1.5%), 7 (10.6%), and 3 (4.6%) of 66 samples, respectively. These gene sequences had only one genotype. Five of seven obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences have never been identified. The ankA, groEL, and msp2 obtained gene sequences represented new genotypes. This is the first report of A. phagocytophilum and A. bovis in KWD, suggesting that they may act as reservoirs for anaplasmosis zoonotic pathogens.

title: New genetic variants of @entity3 and Anaplasma bovis from XXXX ( @entity4 ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: Wild deer are one of the important natural reservoir hosts of Anaplasma species, which cause granulocytic anaplasmosis in @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity0 . The objective of the present study was to determine whether and what species of Anaplasma naturally infect @entity4 (KWD) in the Republic of Korea. A total of 66 spleens from KWD carcasses were collected by the Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife in Korea between March 2008 and May 2009. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using 16S ribosomal (r)RNA, with ankA, groEL, and msp2 gene primers to amplify the genes of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia. Using 16S rRNA-based nested PCR, @entity3 and Anaplasma bovis were detected in 42 (63.6%) and 23 (34.8%) of 66 KWD spleens, respectively. The 42 A. phagocytophilum were classified into five genotypes and the 23 A. bovis were classified into two genotypes by sequence analysis. By ankA-, groEL-, and msp2-based nested PCR, A. phagocytophilum was detected in 1 (1.5%), 7 (10.6%), and 3 (4.6%) of 66 samples, respectively. These gene sequences had only one genotype. Five of seven obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences have never been identified. The ankA, groEL, and msp2 obtained gene sequences represented new genotypes. This is the first report of A. phagocytophilum and A. bovis in KWD, suggesting that they may act as reservoirs for anaplasmosis zoonotic pathogens.

title: New genetic variants of @entity3 and Anaplasma bovis from @entity4 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the timing of adenohypophysial activation during metamorphosis of the @entity4 salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. It consisted of two parts: 1) determination of plasma @entity2 concentrations and analysis of thyroid gland histology as a function of metamorphic stage and 2) analysis of the time-course of uptake of 125I by the thyroids during metamorphosis as an indicator of endogenous @entity3 (TSH) levels. Significant increases in both @entity0 (T3) and @entity1 (T4) first were evident at the onset of metamorphic climax (stage II). Maximum levels of both hormones were not observed, however, until the completion of gill resorption (stage VII). No changes in thyroid histology were observed that could be unambiguously related to metamorphic transformation. The thyroids accumulated 125I in a slow but linear fashion in premetamorphic larvae (stage I). However, uptake exhibited a rapid peak during early climax (stage II), before maximum concentrations of thyroid hormones were observed. In addition, uptake was maintained above premetamorphic levels at stage VII, in conjunction with maximum levels of T4 and T3. Captivity alone produced a small but significant increase in plasma concentrations of T3. It produced no significant effect on either thyroid histology or uptake of 125I. These results indicate that adenohypophysial activation occurs rapidly and is maximal at the onset of metamorphic climax.

title: Adenohypophysial-thyroid activity of the XXXX salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, as a function of metamorphosis and captivity.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to update the long-term outcome in the treatment of locally advanced @entity2 ( @entity2 ) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) regarding the role of adjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data from 138 @entity0 who underwent RNU for locally advanced @entity2 (pT3/4 or pN+) were analyzed. RESULTS: The adjuvant chemotherapy group comprised 66 @entity0 , and other 72 @entity0 did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. @entity3 -based chemotherapy was the most common regimen, depending on the @entity0 's eligibility and renal function. The median follow-up period was 48.7 months (interquartile range: 29.2-96.9 months). The 3-and 5-year @entity1 ( @entity1 ) rates were 76.0% and 69.9% for the non- -adjuvant chemotherapy group versus 74.6% and 54.5% for the adjuvant chemotherapy group (p=0.301, log-rank test). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) rates for the same time period were 70.1% and 62.9% for the non-adjuvant chemotherapy group versus 73.8% and 53.2% for the adjuvant chemotherapy group (p=0.931, log-rank test). On multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy could not predict @entity1 and @entity4 after surgery. When @entity0 who received @entity3 -based adjuvant chemotherapy (n=59) were compared to those who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, similar results were found. CONCLUSIONS: There does not appear to be a significant @entity1 or @entity4 benefit associated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Prospective randomized clinical trials are necessary to verify the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on locally advanced @entity2 .

title: Adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced XXXX : updated results of the Seoul National University Hospital experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the effect of @entity2 treatment of temporalis muscle fascia grafts used during tympanoplasty on the postoperative success rates. @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty-four @entity0 who underwent tympanoplasty between January 2006 and January 2007 in the Department of Otolaryngology, Medicine Faculty of Uluda   University and who were under regular follow-up were included in this prospectively planned study and divided into two groups: the study group (n=24) and the control group (n=30). @entity1 grafts were used in all @entity0 . The grafts were treated with @entity2 in the study group. All the controls of the @entity0 were performed by otomicroscopy. Audiometric tests were performed at the 6th month controls. RESULTS: It was found out that perforation was permanently repaired in 79.2% of the study group and in 73.3% of the control group (p>0.05). We obtained an evident improvement in the average airway bone gap in both groups. We could not detect any statistical significance in the comparison of the operation duration between the groups although the operation duration in the study group was shorter (the study group: 735 seconds, the control group: 775 seconds). CONCLUSION: The @entity2 treatment of the temporalis muscle fascial graft used in tympanoplasty was not superior in closing perforation and operation length compared to its direct dry use. However, we concluded that the graft could be more easily manipulated during the operation.

title: [The effect of treatment of temporalis muscle fascia grafts with XXXX on the success rates of tympanoplasty].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is an effective anticancer drug usually administered as a short infusion in doses of 150 to 165 mg/m2. The objectives of the trial reported here were to evaluate clinical responses and assess pharmacokinetic parameters as a determinant of outcome when @entity6 was administered as a 72-hour continuous infusion (CI) with doses escalated from 300 to 750 mg/m2 per course. Twenty-eight @entity0 with recurrent @entity5 , @entity4 , or @entity3 received 53 courses of CI @entity6 and 16 had measurable responses. There were two partial remissions and one stable disease among seven @entity3 @entity0 and 13 of 21 @entity5 / @entity4 @entity0 had oncolytic responses (greater than or equal to 75% decrease in circulating blasts). @entity2 included moderate to severe @entity1 and myelosuppression. Pharmacokinetic parameters determined during 35 courses administered to 23 @entity0 were highly variable. Clearance (CI) ranged between 3.7 and 43.8 ml/min/m2, resulting in @entity6 plasma concentrations from 2.8 to 30.6 mg/L across all dose levels. The interpatient pharmacokinetic variability reflected in CI and @entity6 steady state concentrations (Css), obscured any dose-response relationship. However, when pharmacokinetic parameters for responding and nonresponding @entity0 were compared, statistically significant relationships were observed. For responders, the mean Css was 15.2 mg/L and mean CI was 12.1 mL/min/m2; for nonresponders, mean Css was 6.2 mg/L (P less than .01) and mean CI was 21.3 mL/min/m2 (P less than .05). Thus, @entity0 with higher CI and lower Css were less likely to respond. Clinical responses occurred in ten of ten @entity0 with Css greater than 12 mg/L, and only five of 13 @entity0 with Css less than 12 mg/L (P less than .01). In this study, interpatient pharmacokinetic variability yielded a four- to sixfold difference in intensity of systemic exposure (Css) within the same dose level, which was an important determinant of clinical response. These data indicate that achieving a @entity6 target concentration for individual @entity0 could ensure an increased intensity of systemic exposure in @entity0 with a high CI and improve the likelihood of effective therapy.

title: Clinical pharmacodynamics of continuous infusion XXXX : systemic exposure as a determinant of response in a phase I trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity0 , a noradrenergic agonist has been associated with improved walking in both spinal cat and spinal cord injured (SCI) subjects. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this brief review is to compare the effects of @entity0 on walking capabilities in SCI subjects with functionally complete and incomplete @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: Both oral administration and intrathecal injection of @entity0 were investigated. A motorized treadmill was used and harness support provided in most of the SCI subjects as no walking capabilities could be observed overground. A single subject design was used in these chronic SCI subjects. SETTING: Canada and France. RESULTS: In complete SCI subjects while receiving @entity0 , none of the subjects was able to initiate independent stepping. In contrast, the greatest effects were found in SCI subjects with injuries that are incomplete but still severely disabling while minimal effects could be observed in the more functional SCI subjects. These effects on walking are observed in measures of walking speed, and electromyographic and kinematic patterns. Regardless of effects on walking, however, a consistent decrease of the flexor reflex amplitude could be observed in all SCI subjects independent of the severity of the lesion. CONCLUSION: This review demonstrated that @entity0 could be a powerful anti-spasmodic drug in addition to improving locomotion in a limited number of SCI subjects. The mechanism, significance and implications of these results will be discussed.

title: The effect of noradrenergic drugs on the recovery of walking after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Upper @entity1 is a frequent and potentially severe complication of most digestive diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Upper endoscopy has a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 , however epidemiological studies are still limited in our country. Aims - To assess the clinical characteristics, endoscopic accuracy, treatment efficiency and clinical outcome of @entity0 admitted to the endoscopic unit with @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective study of consecutive records from @entity0 who underwent emergency endoscopy for @entity1 was performed during a period of 2 years. RESULTS: Most @entity0 were male 68.7%, with a mean age of 54.5 +/- 17.5 years. A @entity3 site could be detected in 75.6% of the @entity0 . Diagnostic accuracy was greater within the first 24 hours of the @entity3 onset, and in the presence of hematemesis. Peptic ulcer was the main cause of @entity1 (35%). The prevalence of variceal @entity3 (20.45%) indicates a high rate of underlying @entity2 . Endoscopic treatment was performed in 23.86% of the @entity0 . Permanent hemostasis was achieved in 86% of the @entity0 at the first endoscopic intervention, and in 62.5% of the @entity0 after rebleeding. Emergency surgery was seldom necessary. The average number of blood units was 1.44 +/- 1.99 per @entity0 . The average length of hospital stay was 7.71 +/- 12.2 days. Rebleeding was reported in 9.1% of the @entity0 . The overall mortality rate of 15.34% was significantly correlated with previous @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic accuracy was related to the time interval between the @entity3 episode and endoscopy, and to clinical presentation. Endoscopic therapy was an effective tool for selected @entity0 . The resulting increased duration of hospitalization and higher mortality rate in the @entity0 submitted to therapeutic endoscopy were attributed to a higher prevalence of variceal @entity3 and underlying @entity2 .

title: Upper XXXX in a Brazilian hospital: a retrospective study of endoscopic records.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum and secretory IgA concentrations have been suggested to be inversely associated with @entity1 in @entity0 . Furthermore, low maternal milk IgA concentration has been suggested to be associated with the development of @entity2 's @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to explore whether the serum IgA concentrations in infancy and the IgA concentration of maternal milk predict @entity3 in childhood and up to age 20 years. METHODS: A cohort of 200 unselected full-term newborns was prospectively followed up from birth to age 20 years with measurement of serum total IgA at ages 2 and 6 months. The mothers were encouraged to maintain exclusive breastfeeding for as long as possible. Total IgA concentration of maternal milk was measured at birth (colostrum, n=169) and at 2 (n=167) and 6 (n=119) months of lactation. The @entity0 were re-assessed at ages 5, 11 and 20 years for the occurrence of @entity1 , with skin prick testing and measurement of serum IgE. RESULTS: @entity0 and adolescents with @entity4 and sensitization had a higher serum IgA concentration at age 2 months than the non-atopic subjects. Colostrum and breast milk IgA concentrations were not associated with the development of @entity1 in the recipient @entity0 . However, maternal milk IgA concentration at 6 months of lactation was inversely associated with elevated serum total IgE and positive skin prick test to tree pollen in the offspring at age 20 years. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Increased serum IgA concentration at age 2 months is associated with the development of @entity1 and sensitization in childhood and adolescence. Maternal milk IgA concentrations are not associated with @entity1 in the recipient @entity0 . The present study provides novel information on the role of IgA in the development of @entity4 and sensitization.

title: Serum immunoglobulin A concentration in infancy, but not @entity0 milk immunoglobulin A, is associated with subsequent XXXX in @entity0 and adolescents: a 20-year prospective follow-up study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum and secretory IgA concentrations have been suggested to be inversely associated with @entity1 in @entity0 . Furthermore, low maternal milk IgA concentration has been suggested to be associated with the development of @entity2 's @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to explore whether the serum IgA concentrations in infancy and the IgA concentration of maternal milk predict @entity3 in childhood and up to age 20 years. METHODS: A cohort of 200 unselected full-term newborns was prospectively followed up from birth to age 20 years with measurement of serum total IgA at ages 2 and 6 months. The mothers were encouraged to maintain exclusive breastfeeding for as long as possible. Total IgA concentration of maternal milk was measured at birth (colostrum, n=169) and at 2 (n=167) and 6 (n=119) months of lactation. The @entity0 were re-assessed at ages 5, 11 and 20 years for the occurrence of @entity1 , with skin prick testing and measurement of serum IgE. RESULTS: @entity0 and adolescents with @entity4 and sensitization had a higher serum IgA concentration at age 2 months than the non-atopic subjects. Colostrum and breast milk IgA concentrations were not associated with the development of @entity1 in the recipient @entity0 . However, maternal milk IgA concentration at 6 months of lactation was inversely associated with elevated serum total IgE and positive skin prick test to tree pollen in the offspring at age 20 years. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Increased serum IgA concentration at age 2 months is associated with the development of @entity1 and sensitization in childhood and adolescence. Maternal milk IgA concentrations are not associated with @entity1 in the recipient @entity0 . The present study provides novel information on the role of IgA in the development of @entity4 and sensitization.

title: Serum immunoglobulin A concentration in infancy, but not XXXX milk immunoglobulin A, is associated with subsequent @entity3 in @entity0 and adolescents: a 20-year prospective follow-up study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum and secretory IgA concentrations have been suggested to be inversely associated with @entity1 in @entity0 . Furthermore, low maternal milk IgA concentration has been suggested to be associated with the development of @entity2 's @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to explore whether the serum IgA concentrations in infancy and the IgA concentration of maternal milk predict @entity3 in childhood and up to age 20 years. METHODS: A cohort of 200 unselected full-term newborns was prospectively followed up from birth to age 20 years with measurement of serum total IgA at ages 2 and 6 months. The mothers were encouraged to maintain exclusive breastfeeding for as long as possible. Total IgA concentration of maternal milk was measured at birth (colostrum, n=169) and at 2 (n=167) and 6 (n=119) months of lactation. The @entity0 were re-assessed at ages 5, 11 and 20 years for the occurrence of @entity1 , with skin prick testing and measurement of serum IgE. RESULTS: @entity0 and adolescents with @entity4 and sensitization had a higher serum IgA concentration at age 2 months than the non-atopic subjects. Colostrum and breast milk IgA concentrations were not associated with the development of @entity1 in the recipient @entity0 . However, maternal milk IgA concentration at 6 months of lactation was inversely associated with elevated serum total IgE and positive skin prick test to tree pollen in the offspring at age 20 years. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Increased serum IgA concentration at age 2 months is associated with the development of @entity1 and sensitization in childhood and adolescence. Maternal milk IgA concentrations are not associated with @entity1 in the recipient @entity0 . The present study provides novel information on the role of IgA in the development of @entity4 and sensitization.

title: Serum immunoglobulin A concentration in infancy, but not @entity0 milk immunoglobulin A, is associated with subsequent @entity3 in XXXX and adolescents: a 20-year prospective follow-up study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 due to @entity7 is generally considered to be a straightforward, direct consequence of the elevated concentrations of circulating @entity8 . However, @entity5 , a centrally acting antihypertensive drug, has been reported to lower blood pressure in @entity0 with @entity7 , suggesting the possibility that the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the maintenance of @entity2 in this disease. We have investigated this possibility in New England Deaconess Hospital @entity1 harboring a transplantable @entity7 that secretes @entity4 and @entity3 . Both @entity5 and @entity11 , a ganglionic blocker, markedly decreased blood pressure in tumor-bearing @entity1 . However, in other @entity1 made acutely @entity2 with a @entity4 infusion, neither @entity5 nor @entity11 decreased blood pressure. This result indicates that in an acute model of @entity2 , where baroreflex mechanisms have likely withdrawn sympathetic tone, neither @entity5 nor @entity11 had nonspecific antihypertensive effects. A central nervous system site of action for the antihypertensive effect of @entity5 in the @entity1 harboring @entity7 was suggested by the observation that the opiate antagonist @entity6 both reversed and prevented @entity5 's effect on blood pressure. @entity9 and @entity10 were utilized to determine the respective contributions of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the maintenance of @entity2 in @entity1 harboring @entity7 . Both drugs markedly lowered blood pressure in these @entity1 . Our data suggest that both the sympathetic nervous system and circulating @entity8 are involved in the maintenance of @entity2 due to @entity7 .

title: Role of the sympathetic nervous system in the maintenance of XXXX in @entity1 harboring @entity7 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 due to @entity7 is generally considered to be a straightforward, direct consequence of the elevated concentrations of circulating @entity8 . However, @entity5 , a centrally acting antihypertensive drug, has been reported to lower blood pressure in @entity0 with @entity7 , suggesting the possibility that the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the maintenance of @entity2 in this disease. We have investigated this possibility in New England Deaconess Hospital @entity1 harboring a transplantable @entity7 that secretes @entity4 and @entity3 . Both @entity5 and @entity11 , a ganglionic blocker, markedly decreased blood pressure in tumor-bearing @entity1 . However, in other @entity1 made acutely @entity2 with a @entity4 infusion, neither @entity5 nor @entity11 decreased blood pressure. This result indicates that in an acute model of @entity2 , where baroreflex mechanisms have likely withdrawn sympathetic tone, neither @entity5 nor @entity11 had nonspecific antihypertensive effects. A central nervous system site of action for the antihypertensive effect of @entity5 in the @entity1 harboring @entity7 was suggested by the observation that the opiate antagonist @entity6 both reversed and prevented @entity5 's effect on blood pressure. @entity9 and @entity10 were utilized to determine the respective contributions of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the maintenance of @entity2 in @entity1 harboring @entity7 . Both drugs markedly lowered blood pressure in these @entity1 . Our data suggest that both the sympathetic nervous system and circulating @entity8 are involved in the maintenance of @entity2 due to @entity7 .

title: Role of the sympathetic nervous system in the maintenance of @entity2 in @entity1 harboring XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity2 due to @entity7 is generally considered to be a straightforward, direct consequence of the elevated concentrations of circulating @entity8 . However, @entity5 , a centrally acting antihypertensive drug, has been reported to lower blood pressure in @entity0 with @entity7 , suggesting the possibility that the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the maintenance of @entity2 in this disease. We have investigated this possibility in New England Deaconess Hospital @entity1 harboring a transplantable @entity7 that secretes @entity4 and @entity3 . Both @entity5 and @entity11 , a ganglionic blocker, markedly decreased blood pressure in tumor-bearing @entity1 . However, in other @entity1 made acutely @entity2 with a @entity4 infusion, neither @entity5 nor @entity11 decreased blood pressure. This result indicates that in an acute model of @entity2 , where baroreflex mechanisms have likely withdrawn sympathetic tone, neither @entity5 nor @entity11 had nonspecific antihypertensive effects. A central nervous system site of action for the antihypertensive effect of @entity5 in the @entity1 harboring @entity7 was suggested by the observation that the opiate antagonist @entity6 both reversed and prevented @entity5 's effect on blood pressure. @entity9 and @entity10 were utilized to determine the respective contributions of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the maintenance of @entity2 in @entity1 harboring @entity7 . Both drugs markedly lowered blood pressure in these @entity1 . Our data suggest that both the sympathetic nervous system and circulating @entity8 are involved in the maintenance of @entity2 due to @entity7 .

title: Role of the sympathetic nervous system in the maintenance of @entity2 in XXXX harboring @entity7 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bird spiders, known in the US as tarantulas, are large hairy spiders that have become increasingly popular as pets in the Western world. We present a @entity0 with a red irritated eye from exposure to the hairs of a spider of the Theraphosidae family, and review the literature. @entity0 AND METHODS: We report on a 28-year old @entity0 who was referred to our clinic with a red irritated eye following playing with a Chilean rose-haired bird spider (known in the US as tarantula). In addition, we reviewed the literature concerning similar cases using the Medline database and cited literature in the retrieved articles. RESULTS: Our @entity0 displayed theraphosidae (tarantula) hairs in the @entity3 and developed a @entity4 and a retinochoroiditis with associated vitritis. Treatment with topical corticosteroids resulted in an improvement of signs and symptoms, although the improvement was slow and incomplete. The disease process consists of a granulomatous reaction to the spider hairs. Hairs of Theraphosidae spiders (tarantulas) may cause @entity1 at all levels of the eye, from the conjunctiva to retina. We were able to identify 14 cases of @entity5 secondary to the exposure to the tarantula hairs in the literature. Therapy includes removal of the offending hairs when possible and topical treatment with @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Although the large hairy bird spiders (tarantulas) are considered harmless pets, @entity5 is a potential danger when handling them. @entity5 has an unknown prognosis and may be difficult to manage.

title: [ XXXX caused by the hairs of the bird spider (family Theraphosidae) or hairy megalomorph (known in the US as tarantula)--case report and review of the literature].

answer: @entity5


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 30-year-old @entity0 presented with a @entity6 , which spontaneously converted into a regular sinus rhythm. The @entity0 had no prior history of @entity1 . On admission, the cardiovascular clinical examination of this young female was regular. INVESTIGATIONS: On admission, discrete inferior repolarisation changes were documented which were slightly progressive during the next day. Electrophysiologic examination of the heart was regular, angiography showed a coronary @entity2 and an atypical descense of the circumflex artery from the right coronary artery. DIAGNOSIS: Right @entity4 to the right ventricle. Atypical descense of the circumflex artery from the right coronary artery. TREATMENT AND COURSE: During hospitalisation no @entity5 or pauses were revealed. The @entity0 underwent cardiac pacemaker implantation. We plan a transcatheter closure of the @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Coronary fistulas are a rare cause of @entity5 . Angiography performed at an early stage is therefore crucial in the initial assessment of a young adult presenting with @entity6 and subsequent changes in the ECG, as a small proportion may have @entity3 . The occlusion of the @entity2 by transcatheter or cardiac surgery is appropriate, especially as the risks of the interventions are limited.

title: [Syncope with XXXX in a 30-year-old @entity0 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 30-year-old @entity0 presented with a @entity6 , which spontaneously converted into a regular sinus rhythm. The @entity0 had no prior history of @entity1 . On admission, the cardiovascular clinical examination of this young female was regular. INVESTIGATIONS: On admission, discrete inferior repolarisation changes were documented which were slightly progressive during the next day. Electrophysiologic examination of the heart was regular, angiography showed a coronary @entity2 and an atypical descense of the circumflex artery from the right coronary artery. DIAGNOSIS: Right @entity4 to the right ventricle. Atypical descense of the circumflex artery from the right coronary artery. TREATMENT AND COURSE: During hospitalisation no @entity5 or pauses were revealed. The @entity0 underwent cardiac pacemaker implantation. We plan a transcatheter closure of the @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Coronary fistulas are a rare cause of @entity5 . Angiography performed at an early stage is therefore crucial in the initial assessment of a young adult presenting with @entity6 and subsequent changes in the ECG, as a small proportion may have @entity3 . The occlusion of the @entity2 by transcatheter or cardiac surgery is appropriate, especially as the risks of the interventions are limited.

title: [Syncope with @entity6 in a 30-year-old XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 diagnosis in tissue material with commonly used histological techniques is sometimes inconvenient and in a number of cases leads to ambiguous conclusions. Frequently advanced immunostaining techniques have to be employed, yet they are both time consuming and limited. In this study a proteomic approach is presented which may help provide unambiguous pathologic diagnosis of tissue material. METHODS: Lung tissue material found to be pathologically changed was prepared to isolate proteome with fast and non selective procedure. Isolated peptides and proteins in ranging from 3.5 to 20 kDa were analysed directly using high resolution mass spectrometer (MALDI- @entity2 / @entity2 ) with @entity3 as a matrix. Recorded complex spectra of a single run were then analyzed with multivariate statistical analysis algorithms (principle component analysis, classification methods). In the applied protocol we focused on obtaining the spectra richest in protein signals constituting a pattern of change within the sample containing detailed information about its protein composition. Advanced statistical methods were to indicate differences between examined groups. RESULTS: Obtained results indicate changes in proteome profiles of changed tissues in comparison to physiologically unchanged material (control group) which were reflected in the result of principle component analysis (PCA). Points representing spectra of control group were located in different areas of multidimensional space and were less diffused in comparison to @entity1 tissues. Three different classification algorithms showed recognition capability of 100% regarding classification of examined material into an appropriate group. CONCLUSION: The application of the presented protocol and method enabled finding pathological changes in tissue material regardless of localization and size of abnormalities in the sample volume. Proteomic profile as a complex, rich in signals spectrum of proteins can be expressed as a single point in multidimensional space and than analysed using advanced statistical methods. This approach seems to provide more precise information about a pathology and may be considered in futer evaluation of biomarkers for clinical applications in different pathology. Multiparameter statistical methods may be helpful in elucidation of newly expressed sensitive biomarkers defined as many factors "in one point".

title: Proteomic patterns analysis with multivariate calculations as a promising tool for prompt differentiation of early stage lung tissue with XXXX and unchanged tissue material.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the @entity1 burden of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in west rural areas of China in 2004 - 2005. METHODS: The data from 2004 - 2005 the Third National Mortality Retrospective Sampling Survey were used in the study. A total of 28 621 276 @entity0 years were investigated in west rural areas, which covered 12 provinces, and consisted of 42 surveillance districts. Based on the data of @entity1 cause and population, mortality of @entity2 , years of potential life lost(YPLL) rate, working YPLL (WYPLL) rate, YPLL rate due to @entity2 /YPLL rate due to all @entity1 in west rural areas were calculated and compared with other rural areas. Standardized @entity1 rate, standardized YPLL (SYPLL) rate, standardized working YPLL (SWYPLL) rate were calculated from census data in 2000 as standard population and 2004 - 2005 national life expectancy as standard life expectancy. RESULTS: The elder has the higher crude @entity1 rate and YPLL rate of @entity2 in survey districts of west rural areas. And the crude @entity1 rate of @entity2 and YPLL rate were different in different genders. The YPLL rate was 15.47    in male and 15.73    in female. The crude @entity1 rate, YPLL rate, WYPLL rate, the ratio of YPLL rate due to @entity2 /YPLL rate due to all @entity1 in survey districts of west rural areas were: 109.53/100 000, 15.76   , 2.82   , 11.23%, which were high. While crude @entity1 rate, YPLL rate, WYPLL rate, the ratio of YPLL rate due to @entity2 /YPLL rate due to all @entity1 in the poorest survey districts of west rural areas were: 122.04/100 000, 27.47   , 4.26   , 13.44%, which were higher than other stratifications of west rural areas. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 burden of @entity2 in west rural areas in 2004 - 2005 was the heaviest one in China which experienced the feature that the poorer the rural regions, the heavier the @entity1 burden.

title: [Disease burden of XXXX in west rural areas of China, 2004 - 2005].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the resection @entity8 for @entity6 around acetabular. METHODS: From May 1997 to June 2005, 25 @entity0 with @entity1 around acetabular were treated surgically with resection @entity8 . The series comprised 15 males and 10 females with an average age of 42 years old (range from 16 to 75 years old). There were 4 @entity4 , 12 @entity5 , 1 @entity10 , 1 @entity11 , 1 @entity9 , 1 malignant fibrohistiocytoma, 2 @entity7 , and 3 metastases. @entity8 was performed after resection of @entity6 around acetabular. The affected side was protected postoperatively by skin traction with 2 - 3 kg weight for 6 to 8 weeks. After then, the @entity0 walked gradually with a cane. RESULTS: Among 25 @entity0 , 6 had complications (24%). At a follow-up ranging from 3 to 10 years, 11 @entity0 died of lung metastases, 2 relapsed, 12 remained @entity2 . There was an average crispation of 5 cm (range from 2.5 to 7.5 cm). The @entity0 were functionally evaluated according to Enneking's MSTS criteria in 1993. The average MSTS functional score was 17 points (12 to 19 points). After 3 months postoperative, the @entity0 could sit normally, walk with a cane, and even walk limpingly without cane. CONCLUSIONS: Resection @entity8 for @entity6 around acetabular results in good clinical results at the time of mid-term and long-term follow-up. And @entity8 is advisable especially for @entity0 with @entity1 around acetabular, poor soft tissue reconstruction condition, high risk for @entity3 , poor economy.

title: [Resection XXXX for @entity6 around acetabular].

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the resection @entity8 for @entity6 around acetabular. METHODS: From May 1997 to June 2005, 25 @entity0 with @entity1 around acetabular were treated surgically with resection @entity8 . The series comprised 15 males and 10 females with an average age of 42 years old (range from 16 to 75 years old). There were 4 @entity4 , 12 @entity5 , 1 @entity10 , 1 @entity11 , 1 @entity9 , 1 malignant fibrohistiocytoma, 2 @entity7 , and 3 metastases. @entity8 was performed after resection of @entity6 around acetabular. The affected side was protected postoperatively by skin traction with 2 - 3 kg weight for 6 to 8 weeks. After then, the @entity0 walked gradually with a cane. RESULTS: Among 25 @entity0 , 6 had complications (24%). At a follow-up ranging from 3 to 10 years, 11 @entity0 died of lung metastases, 2 relapsed, 12 remained @entity2 . There was an average crispation of 5 cm (range from 2.5 to 7.5 cm). The @entity0 were functionally evaluated according to Enneking's MSTS criteria in 1993. The average MSTS functional score was 17 points (12 to 19 points). After 3 months postoperative, the @entity0 could sit normally, walk with a cane, and even walk limpingly without cane. CONCLUSIONS: Resection @entity8 for @entity6 around acetabular results in good clinical results at the time of mid-term and long-term follow-up. And @entity8 is advisable especially for @entity0 with @entity1 around acetabular, poor soft tissue reconstruction condition, high risk for @entity3 , poor economy.

title: [Resection @entity8 for XXXX around acetabular].

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the characteristics of the pathological anatomy and blood supply model of massive @entity3 (MTSM) and explore its corresponding microneurosurgical strategies. METHODS: The clinical data of 16 MTSM @entity0 were reviewed retrospectively. From January 1998 to January 2010, according to their unique pathological anatomy and blood supply model, all @entity0 underwent microneurosurgical removal with induced @entity2 through @entity1 corridor by the bi-subfrontal anterior longitudinal fission (n = 14), right frontolateral approach (n = 1) and pterional approach (n = 1). There were 5 males and 11 females with a mean age of 48.5 years old (range: 26 - 65). But the mean follow-up period was 74.9 months (range: 4 - 132) in 2/4 cases. RESULTS: Among all cases, the mean @entity1 diameter was 58.9 mm (range: 51.1 - 76.2 mm). Simpson grade I, II, III, IV removal of MTSMs were accomplished in 3, 9, 3 and 1 case respectively. One case died within 4 postoperative days. Visual acuity improved in 10 @entity0 , remained unchanged in 2 and deteriorated in 2. Transient @entity4 occurred in 9 cases. CONCLUSION: It is critical to understand the unique characteristics of pathological anatomy and blood supply model of MTSM so as to adopt proper microneurosurgical strategies to remove it in situ.

title: [Microneurosurgical treatment of massive XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The proinflammatory cytokine @entity0 is a key regulator of host responses to microbial infection and a major modulator of extracellular matrix catabolism and bone resorption. Allele2 of @entity1 is associated with a four-fold increase in @entity1 production. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the gene polymorphism of @entity1 in the pathogenesis of endodontic failure. We hypothesized that the gene polymorphism (allele2 of @entity1 ) would influence host response and enhance inflammatory reactions predisposing to @entity2 ( @entity2 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects with at least 1 year of follow-up after root canal therapy (RCT) were recalled. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and 34 subjects with signs/symptoms of @entity2 with otherwise acceptable RCT were included. Sixty-one controls showed healing with acceptable RCT. Genomic DNA from buccal mucosa was amplified by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism to distinguish the alleles of @entity1 gene polymorphism. RESULTS: A significant difference in the distribution of the polymorphic genotype among cases (70.6%) and controls (24.6%) (P < .001, Pearson   (2)) was shown. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that specific genetic markers associated with increased @entity1 production may contribute to increased susceptibility to @entity2 .

title: Genetic predisposition to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in mammals. Glutamatergic neurotransmission involves several steps, beginning with release of @entity5 from the presynaptic neuron. @entity5 in the extracellular space activates @entity5 receptors present in the synaptic membranes, leading to activation of signal transduction pathways associated with these receptors. To avoid continuous activation of @entity5 receptors, @entity5 is removed from the synaptic cleft by specific @entity5 transporters located mainly on astrocytes. All these steps are tightly modulated under physiological conditions, and alterations of any of the above steps may result in impairment of glutamatergic neurotransmission, leading to neurological alterations. There are studies in the literature reporting alterations in all these steps in @entity6 and/or @entity4 . Glutamatergic neurotransmission modulates important cerebral processes. Some of these processes are altered in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity1 , who show altered sleep-wake patterns, neuromuscular coordination, and decreased intellectual capacity. The alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission may be responsible for some of these neurological alterations found in @entity1 . The effects of @entity6 and @entity4 on different steps of glutamatergic neurotransmission including alterations of @entity5 concentration in the extracellular fluid in brain, transport and transporters of @entity5 , the content and function of different types of @entity5 receptors and signal transduction pathways. Alterations induced by @entity6 and @entity4 on the @entity5 - @entity3 -cGMP pathway in brain may result in changes in long-term potetiation and learning ability.

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity4 on glutamatergic neurotransmission.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity5 is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in mammals. Glutamatergic neurotransmission involves several steps, beginning with release of @entity5 from the presynaptic neuron. @entity5 in the extracellular space activates @entity5 receptors present in the synaptic membranes, leading to activation of signal transduction pathways associated with these receptors. To avoid continuous activation of @entity5 receptors, @entity5 is removed from the synaptic cleft by specific @entity5 transporters located mainly on astrocytes. All these steps are tightly modulated under physiological conditions, and alterations of any of the above steps may result in impairment of glutamatergic neurotransmission, leading to neurological alterations. There are studies in the literature reporting alterations in all these steps in @entity6 and/or @entity4 . Glutamatergic neurotransmission modulates important cerebral processes. Some of these processes are altered in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity1 , who show altered sleep-wake patterns, neuromuscular coordination, and decreased intellectual capacity. The alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission may be responsible for some of these neurological alterations found in @entity1 . The effects of @entity6 and @entity4 on different steps of glutamatergic neurotransmission including alterations of @entity5 concentration in the extracellular fluid in brain, transport and transporters of @entity5 , the content and function of different types of @entity5 receptors and signal transduction pathways. Alterations induced by @entity6 and @entity4 on the @entity5 - @entity3 -cGMP pathway in brain may result in changes in long-term potetiation and learning ability.

title: Effects of @entity6 and XXXX on glutamatergic neurotransmission.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the causes, diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 326 OLT @entity0 from January 2002 to January 2009. The post-OLT etiological factors and treatment of ITBL cases were analyzed. RESULTS: ITBL occurred in 23 @entity0 (7.05%). It included @entity4 (n=9), @entity2 (n=12) and diffuse extrahepatic and @entity4 (n=2). Through a COX regression, the risk factors were independently associated with ITBL serious @entity3 as the @entity1 (RR: 3.204; P=0.014) and cold donor ischemic time beyond 11.5 hours (RR: 4.895; P=0.000). All ITBL @entity0 underwent drug therapy, endoscopy (n=10), operation (n=6) or re-OLT (n=7). And improvement was found in 17 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Avoiding too long old ischemic time of donor liver and carefully evaluating the indications of recipients are effective preventive measures of ITBL. It is crucial to select a proper treatment according to the conditions of each individual @entity0 .

title: [Causes and management of XXXX after orthotopic liver transplantation].

answer: @entity5