abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine if evidence of functional heterogeneity between subtypes of the Kupffer cell (KC) may be involved in the mechanism of the protective effect of @entity5 ( @entity7 ) in @entity6 . METHODS: @entity0 pretreated with or without @entity7 were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle. Serum and liver tissues were collected after LPS administration for cytokine measurements and pathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. RESULTS: After LPS administration, increases in expression of @entity4 and @entity2 mRNA in the liver were blunted significantly by @entity7 . In control liver tissue, ED2-positive cells were a predominant fraction, with a few ED1-positive cells, and @entity7 eliminated only ED2-positive cells. Further, ED2-positive cells were larger in size than ED1-positive ones. Importantly, the number of ED1-positive cells in the liver was increased about threefold in the control group but not in the @entity7 group after LPS injection. Intermediate or large KCs isolated by counterflow centrifugal elutriation showed greater capacity for phagocytosis and production of @entity1 and @entity4 than small ones. In contrast, @entity2 production was increased to a greater extent in small than in intermediate or large cells. @entity7 eliminated the intermediate or large KC subpopulation predominantly. CONCLUSION: Collectively, functional heterogeneity of the KC population was involved in the mechanism of the protective effects of @entity7 in @entity6 . @entity4 derived from activated intermediate or large KCs may activate small KCs and the latter may be recruited to other organs, such as lungs and kidneys, and produce a large amount of @entity2 , leading to @entity3 .

title: Functional heterogeneity of the kupffer cell population is involved in the mechanism of XXXX in @entity0 administered endotoxin.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine if evidence of functional heterogeneity between subtypes of the Kupffer cell (KC) may be involved in the mechanism of the protective effect of @entity5 ( @entity7 ) in @entity6 . METHODS: @entity0 pretreated with or without @entity7 were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle. Serum and liver tissues were collected after LPS administration for cytokine measurements and pathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. RESULTS: After LPS administration, increases in expression of @entity4 and @entity2 mRNA in the liver were blunted significantly by @entity7 . In control liver tissue, ED2-positive cells were a predominant fraction, with a few ED1-positive cells, and @entity7 eliminated only ED2-positive cells. Further, ED2-positive cells were larger in size than ED1-positive ones. Importantly, the number of ED1-positive cells in the liver was increased about threefold in the control group but not in the @entity7 group after LPS injection. Intermediate or large KCs isolated by counterflow centrifugal elutriation showed greater capacity for phagocytosis and production of @entity1 and @entity4 than small ones. In contrast, @entity2 production was increased to a greater extent in small than in intermediate or large cells. @entity7 eliminated the intermediate or large KC subpopulation predominantly. CONCLUSION: Collectively, functional heterogeneity of the KC population was involved in the mechanism of the protective effects of @entity7 in @entity6 . @entity4 derived from activated intermediate or large KCs may activate small KCs and the latter may be recruited to other organs, such as lungs and kidneys, and produce a large amount of @entity2 , leading to @entity3 .

title: Functional heterogeneity of the kupffer cell population is involved in the mechanism of @entity5 in XXXX administered endotoxin.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the @entity0 selection guidelines for endovascular repair of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) using the Zenith Endovascular Graft and establish an order of importance for each criterion. METHODS: The Zenith Endovascular Graft Research Database was interrogated for information on 238 @entity0 (209 @entity0 ; mean age 74.9 +/- 0.9 years, range 50-94) treated with a Zenith bifurcated graft from 1994 to 1998. The common complications of endoluminal @entity2 repair ( @entity3 , migration, graft occlusion, graft kinking, conversion, and deployment failure) were analyzed to determine any associations with selection criteria. RESULTS: By 1998, 69% of endograft @entity0 did not meet the recommended guidelines; however, primary and secondary @entity1 exclusion rates were 87% and 94%, respectively. Over a median follow-up of 13.4 months (interquartile range 2.8-24.0), 38 (16%) @entity0 developed 28 (74%) early and 10 (26%) late type-I endoleaks. The @entity3 rate in necks < or = 10 mm long was 57% (8/14). Endoleak was associated with a neck contour change >3 mm (p = 0.003) and neck length <20 mm (p = 0.045). The risk of proximal @entity3 was 4 times greater if at least one of the proximal neck guidelines was breached; combined guideline deviations of "contour change and large diameter" (p = 0.0004), "contour change and short length" (p = 0.006), "large diameter and short length" (p = 0.01), and "contour change and angle" (p = 0.03) also increased the risk of @entity3 . Endograft migration was seen in 10 (4.2%) cases; only neck diameter >28 mm (p = 0.0024) was associated with this complication. CONCLUSIONS: Proximal neck contour, length, and diameter are the most important criteria in terms of @entity3 development. Breaching the proximal neck length criterion resulted in a 4-fold increase in @entity3 , and combined deviations from the guidelines multiplied the effect. Necks < or = 10 mm long are unsuitable for the standard Zenith graft.

title: Evaluation of @entity0 selection guidelines for endoluminal XXXX repair with the Zenith Stent-Graft: the Australasian experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the @entity0 selection guidelines for endovascular repair of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) using the Zenith Endovascular Graft and establish an order of importance for each criterion. METHODS: The Zenith Endovascular Graft Research Database was interrogated for information on 238 @entity0 (209 @entity0 ; mean age 74.9 +/- 0.9 years, range 50-94) treated with a Zenith bifurcated graft from 1994 to 1998. The common complications of endoluminal @entity2 repair ( @entity3 , migration, graft occlusion, graft kinking, conversion, and deployment failure) were analyzed to determine any associations with selection criteria. RESULTS: By 1998, 69% of endograft @entity0 did not meet the recommended guidelines; however, primary and secondary @entity1 exclusion rates were 87% and 94%, respectively. Over a median follow-up of 13.4 months (interquartile range 2.8-24.0), 38 (16%) @entity0 developed 28 (74%) early and 10 (26%) late type-I endoleaks. The @entity3 rate in necks < or = 10 mm long was 57% (8/14). Endoleak was associated with a neck contour change >3 mm (p = 0.003) and neck length <20 mm (p = 0.045). The risk of proximal @entity3 was 4 times greater if at least one of the proximal neck guidelines was breached; combined guideline deviations of "contour change and large diameter" (p = 0.0004), "contour change and short length" (p = 0.006), "large diameter and short length" (p = 0.01), and "contour change and angle" (p = 0.03) also increased the risk of @entity3 . Endograft migration was seen in 10 (4.2%) cases; only neck diameter >28 mm (p = 0.0024) was associated with this complication. CONCLUSIONS: Proximal neck contour, length, and diameter are the most important criteria in terms of @entity3 development. Breaching the proximal neck length criterion resulted in a 4-fold increase in @entity3 , and combined deviations from the guidelines multiplied the effect. Necks < or = 10 mm long are unsuitable for the standard Zenith graft.

title: Evaluation of XXXX selection guidelines for endoluminal @entity2 repair with the Zenith Stent-Graft: the Australasian experience.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the biology of @entity1 and @entity4 and to present an algorithm for preoperative evaluation and surgical management. DESIGN: Retrospective review and analysis. SETTING: Tertiary care medical center: 1970 to 2002. @entity0 : Sixteen @entity0 with @entity1 (n = 10) and @entity4 (n = 6). OUTCOME: Age at the time of presentation, sex, signs and symptoms, imaging findings, surgical approach, pathology, complications, rate of recurrence, and follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: Ten @entity0 presented with @entity1 with a mean age of 9 months. All @entity0 underwent surgical excision. No complication was encountered with a mean follow-up of 3.5 years. Six @entity0 presented with encephaloceles with a mean age of 15.5 months. All @entity0 underwent surgical excision. Complications included @entity5 (n = 1) and @entity6 (n = 1). Follow-up was 1 to 14 years (mean, 4 years). CONCLUSION: @entity1 and @entity4 are rare, benign, @entity2 with a potential for intracranial extension. Evaluation should include a complete rhinologic and neurologic examination. Preoperative imaging with a thin-cut axial and coronal computed tomography scan and/or multiplanar magnetic resonance imaging is essential. Surgical intervention should be performed soon after diagnosis to alleviate the increased risk of @entity3 . A frontal craniotomy approach is recommended if intracranial extension is identified based on preoperative evaluation, followed by an extracranial resection. If there is no evidence of intracranial extension, a conservative extracranial approach is recommended.

title: @entity1 and XXXX : diagnosis and management.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the biology of @entity1 and @entity4 and to present an algorithm for preoperative evaluation and surgical management. DESIGN: Retrospective review and analysis. SETTING: Tertiary care medical center: 1970 to 2002. @entity0 : Sixteen @entity0 with @entity1 (n = 10) and @entity4 (n = 6). OUTCOME: Age at the time of presentation, sex, signs and symptoms, imaging findings, surgical approach, pathology, complications, rate of recurrence, and follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: Ten @entity0 presented with @entity1 with a mean age of 9 months. All @entity0 underwent surgical excision. No complication was encountered with a mean follow-up of 3.5 years. Six @entity0 presented with encephaloceles with a mean age of 15.5 months. All @entity0 underwent surgical excision. Complications included @entity5 (n = 1) and @entity6 (n = 1). Follow-up was 1 to 14 years (mean, 4 years). CONCLUSION: @entity1 and @entity4 are rare, benign, @entity2 with a potential for intracranial extension. Evaluation should include a complete rhinologic and neurologic examination. Preoperative imaging with a thin-cut axial and coronal computed tomography scan and/or multiplanar magnetic resonance imaging is essential. Surgical intervention should be performed soon after diagnosis to alleviate the increased risk of @entity3 . A frontal craniotomy approach is recommended if intracranial extension is identified based on preoperative evaluation, followed by an extracranial resection. If there is no evidence of intracranial extension, a conservative extracranial approach is recommended.

title: XXXX and @entity4 : diagnosis and management.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the evidence that families, where the mother has disease, carry more heritable factors and investigate the effect of maternal/paternal inheritance on phenotypic expression of disease in terms of (a) severity and outcome and (b) additional co-disorders. The @entity0 of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) develop the disease more often than the @entity0 of @entity0 . This suggests that either @entity0 with disease carry more susceptibility factors than @entity0 or that the uterine environment/breast feeding may play a role in @entity3 . METHODS: The number of second degree relatives (i.e., grandparent, aunt/uncle) was calculated for those index @entity0 with a mother with disease as opposed to a father. Outcome measures were compared and prevalence of secondary disorders (i.e., @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity1 ) was examined in @entity0 with an @entity3 mother as opposed to an @entity3 father. RESULTS: The affected offspring of maternal cases had more second degree relatives with disease [20% vs 9%, respectively, p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR): 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 4.5] than did @entity0 of affected @entity0 . The affected @entity0 of a mother with @entity3 were comparable in terms of disease activity, function, and radiology to @entity0 of a father with disease. @entity1 was more prevalent among @entity0 of @entity3 mothers than @entity3 fathers (15% vs 5%, respectively, p = 0.009, OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 6.3). Psoriasis was less prevalent among sons of @entity3 mothers than among sons of @entity3 fathers (9% vs 22%, respectively, p = 0.03, OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9). CONCLUSION: The inherited susceptibility load is strongly linked to the sex of the parent with @entity3 . @entity0 with disease carry higher heritability (which is associated with @entity1 ) than do @entity0 . There is a male sex impact on susceptibility to @entity2 (when @entity3 is present). However, there is no evidence that the susceptibility load has an effect on outcome or severity of disease (as measured by disease activity, function, and radiology), or that outcome is influenced by transmission of maternal as opposed to paternal factors.

title: The interrelationship between sex, susceptibility factors, and outcome in XXXX and its associated disorders including @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the evidence that families, where the mother has disease, carry more heritable factors and investigate the effect of maternal/paternal inheritance on phenotypic expression of disease in terms of (a) severity and outcome and (b) additional co-disorders. The @entity0 of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) develop the disease more often than the @entity0 of @entity0 . This suggests that either @entity0 with disease carry more susceptibility factors than @entity0 or that the uterine environment/breast feeding may play a role in @entity3 . METHODS: The number of second degree relatives (i.e., grandparent, aunt/uncle) was calculated for those index @entity0 with a mother with disease as opposed to a father. Outcome measures were compared and prevalence of secondary disorders (i.e., @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity1 ) was examined in @entity0 with an @entity3 mother as opposed to an @entity3 father. RESULTS: The affected offspring of maternal cases had more second degree relatives with disease [20% vs 9%, respectively, p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR): 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 4.5] than did @entity0 of affected @entity0 . The affected @entity0 of a mother with @entity3 were comparable in terms of disease activity, function, and radiology to @entity0 of a father with disease. @entity1 was more prevalent among @entity0 of @entity3 mothers than @entity3 fathers (15% vs 5%, respectively, p = 0.009, OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 6.3). Psoriasis was less prevalent among sons of @entity3 mothers than among sons of @entity3 fathers (9% vs 22%, respectively, p = 0.03, OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9). CONCLUSION: The inherited susceptibility load is strongly linked to the sex of the parent with @entity3 . @entity0 with disease carry higher heritability (which is associated with @entity1 ) than do @entity0 . There is a male sex impact on susceptibility to @entity2 (when @entity3 is present). However, there is no evidence that the susceptibility load has an effect on outcome or severity of disease (as measured by disease activity, function, and radiology), or that outcome is influenced by transmission of maternal as opposed to paternal factors.

title: The interrelationship between sex, susceptibility factors, and outcome in @entity3 and its associated disorders including @entity1 , XXXX , and @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the evidence that families, where the mother has disease, carry more heritable factors and investigate the effect of maternal/paternal inheritance on phenotypic expression of disease in terms of (a) severity and outcome and (b) additional co-disorders. The @entity0 of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) develop the disease more often than the @entity0 of @entity0 . This suggests that either @entity0 with disease carry more susceptibility factors than @entity0 or that the uterine environment/breast feeding may play a role in @entity3 . METHODS: The number of second degree relatives (i.e., grandparent, aunt/uncle) was calculated for those index @entity0 with a mother with disease as opposed to a father. Outcome measures were compared and prevalence of secondary disorders (i.e., @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity1 ) was examined in @entity0 with an @entity3 mother as opposed to an @entity3 father. RESULTS: The affected offspring of maternal cases had more second degree relatives with disease [20% vs 9%, respectively, p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR): 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 4.5] than did @entity0 of affected @entity0 . The affected @entity0 of a mother with @entity3 were comparable in terms of disease activity, function, and radiology to @entity0 of a father with disease. @entity1 was more prevalent among @entity0 of @entity3 mothers than @entity3 fathers (15% vs 5%, respectively, p = 0.009, OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 6.3). Psoriasis was less prevalent among sons of @entity3 mothers than among sons of @entity3 fathers (9% vs 22%, respectively, p = 0.03, OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9). CONCLUSION: The inherited susceptibility load is strongly linked to the sex of the parent with @entity3 . @entity0 with disease carry higher heritability (which is associated with @entity1 ) than do @entity0 . There is a male sex impact on susceptibility to @entity2 (when @entity3 is present). However, there is no evidence that the susceptibility load has an effect on outcome or severity of disease (as measured by disease activity, function, and radiology), or that outcome is influenced by transmission of maternal as opposed to paternal factors.

title: The interrelationship between sex, susceptibility factors, and outcome in @entity3 and its associated disorders including XXXX , @entity2 , and @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the evidence that families, where the mother has disease, carry more heritable factors and investigate the effect of maternal/paternal inheritance on phenotypic expression of disease in terms of (a) severity and outcome and (b) additional co-disorders. The @entity0 of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) develop the disease more often than the @entity0 of @entity0 . This suggests that either @entity0 with disease carry more susceptibility factors than @entity0 or that the uterine environment/breast feeding may play a role in @entity3 . METHODS: The number of second degree relatives (i.e., grandparent, aunt/uncle) was calculated for those index @entity0 with a mother with disease as opposed to a father. Outcome measures were compared and prevalence of secondary disorders (i.e., @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity1 ) was examined in @entity0 with an @entity3 mother as opposed to an @entity3 father. RESULTS: The affected offspring of maternal cases had more second degree relatives with disease [20% vs 9%, respectively, p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR): 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 4.5] than did @entity0 of affected @entity0 . The affected @entity0 of a mother with @entity3 were comparable in terms of disease activity, function, and radiology to @entity0 of a father with disease. @entity1 was more prevalent among @entity0 of @entity3 mothers than @entity3 fathers (15% vs 5%, respectively, p = 0.009, OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 6.3). Psoriasis was less prevalent among sons of @entity3 mothers than among sons of @entity3 fathers (9% vs 22%, respectively, p = 0.03, OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9). CONCLUSION: The inherited susceptibility load is strongly linked to the sex of the parent with @entity3 . @entity0 with disease carry higher heritability (which is associated with @entity1 ) than do @entity0 . There is a male sex impact on susceptibility to @entity2 (when @entity3 is present). However, there is no evidence that the susceptibility load has an effect on outcome or severity of disease (as measured by disease activity, function, and radiology), or that outcome is influenced by transmission of maternal as opposed to paternal factors.

title: The interrelationship between sex, susceptibility factors, and outcome in @entity3 and its associated disorders including @entity1 , @entity2 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Clinical symptomatic late injury to the rectal wall occurs in about one-third of @entity0 with @entity4 treated with external beam irradiation. Reducing the physical dose to the anterior rectal wall without a similar reduction in the posterior peripheral zone is difficult because of the proximity of the prostate to the anterior rectal wall. On the basis of our previous observations in an animal model that intrarectal application of @entity11 resulted in very high concentrations of @entity11 and its active metabolite @entity13 in the rectal wall, a Phase I dose-escalation clinical trial was undertaken. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-nine @entity0 with @entity4 were accrued. Eligibility criteria included histologically confirmed @entity5 , Karnofsky performance status >or=70, and no pelvic @entity9 or distant metastases. The total dose to the prostate was 70.2 Gy in 20 @entity0 and 73.8 Gy in 9 @entity0 . Therapy was delivered using a 4-field technique with three-dimensional conformal planning. @entity11 was administered intrarectally as an aqueous solution 30 min before irradiation on the first 15 days of therapy. @entity11 was escalated in cohorts from 500 to 2500 mg. Proctoscopy was performed before therapy and at 9 months after completion. Most @entity0 underwent repeat proctoscopy at 18 months. On Days 1 and 10 of radiotherapy, serum samples were collected for pharmacokinetic studies. The clinical symptoms (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scale) and a proctoscopy score were assessed during follow-up. RESULTS: All @entity0 completed therapy with no @entity11 -related @entity3 at any dose level. The application was feasible and well tolerated. No substantial systemic absorption occurred. With a median follow-up of 26 months, 9 @entity0 (33%) developed @entity6 (8 Grade 1, 1 Grade 2). At 9 months, 16 and 3 @entity0 developed Grade 1 and Grade 2 @entity12 , respectively. This was mostly confined to the anterior rectal wall. No visible @entity1 , @entity7 , or strictures were noted. No significant differences were found between the proctoscopy findings at 9 and 18 months. Four @entity0 (14%) developed symptoms suggestive of radiation damage that, on sigmoidoscopy, proved to be secondary to unrelated processes. These included preexisting nonspecific @entity10 (n = 1), diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon (n = 1), @entity8 (n = 1), and @entity2 (n = 1). Symptoms developed significantly more often in @entity0 receiving 500-1000 mg than in @entity0 receiving 1500-2500 mg @entity11 (7 [50%] of 14 vs. 2 [15%] of 13, p = 0.0325, one-sided chi-square test). CONCLUSION: Intrarectal application of @entity11 is feasible and well tolerated. Systemic absorption of @entity11 and its metabolites is negligible, and close monitoring of @entity0 is not required with rectal administration. Proctoscopy is superior to symptom score as a method of assessing radiation damage of the rectal wall. The preliminary efficacy data are encouraging, and further clinical studies are warranted.

title: A pilot study of topical intrarectal application of XXXX for prevention of late radiation rectal injury.

answer: @entity11


abstract: The authors describe the group of 23 @entity0 (16 @entity0 , 7 @entity0 ), who were operated during 2000-2003 on ulna-carpal impingement or the syndrome of ulna impact on the basis of "plus variant" of ulna or also "long ulna". There was a @entity2 of distal radius in anamnesis of all these @entity0 . The condition was solved in 18 @entity0 (mean age 51 years) by reducing the ulna by 4.5 cm on the average (range 2-10 mm). In five @entity0 (mean age 49 years), the radius-ulna desis sec. Sauv  -Kapandij was performed. The results are evaluated with the time lapse of 6 months on the average (range 3-26). The resulting evaluation indicates that in all @entity0 , who were not affected by radius-ulna @entity3 , a simple reduction of ulna resulted in an improvement of the extent of movements and improved subjective complaints. @entity0 with radius-ulna @entity3 , where the ulna-carpal impingement was solved by radius-ulna desis, suffer from worse long-term functional results. The authors also analyze complications of the interventions. @entity1 in the area of distal forearm should be solved early before degenerative changes develop. The is the only way how to expect good results of the operation and favorable effect for the @entity0 .

title: [Ulnar-carpal impingement after XXXX of the distal radius].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recent studies show that several Hox transcription factors are important for regulation of proliferation and differentiation in hematopoiesis. Among these is H0XA10, which is selectively expressed at high levels in the most primitive subpopulation of @entity0 @entity3 (+) bone marrow cells. When overexpressed, H0XA10 increases the proliferation of early progenitor cells and can lead to the development of @entity4 . To study the effects of H0XA10 on primitive hematopoietic progenitors in more detail, @entity1 were generated with regulatable H0XA10 expression. The transgenic @entity1 model, referred to as tetO- @entity6 , contains the H0XA10 gene controlled by a @entity2 -responsive element and a minimal promoter. Thus, the expression of H0XA10 is inducible and reversible depending on the absence or presence of @entity2 or its analog, @entity5 . A retroviral vector containing the @entity2 transactivator gene (tTA) was used to induce expression of the H0XA10 gene in bone marrow cells from the @entity1 . Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed regulatable H0XA10 expression in several transgenic lines. H0XA10 induction led to the formation of hematopoietic colonies containing blastlike cells and megakaryocytes. Moreover, the induction of H0XA10 resulted in significant proliferative advantage of primitive hematopoietic progenitors (spleen colony-forming units [CFU-S(12)]), which was reversible on withdrawal of induction. Activation of H0XA10 expression in tet0-H0XA10 @entity1 will therefore govern proliferation of primitive myeloid progenitors in a regulated fashion. This novel animal model can be used to identify the target genes of @entity6 and better clarify the specific role of @entity6 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.

title: Proliferation of primitive myeloid progenitors can be reversibly induced by XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of @entity1 stent placement in adults with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity1 stents were placed under fluoroscopic guidance in 52 eyes of 49 @entity0 (mean age, 43 years) with severe @entity2 due to idiopathic nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The obstruction was complete in 44 eyes and partial in eight. Clinical success was defined as complete resolution of or great improvement in the symptoms of @entity2 and the patency of the lacrimal system to irrigation. Mean follow-up was 23 months (range, 14-44 months). RESULTS: Stent placement was technically successful in 50 eyes (96%). The mean fluoroscopy screening time was 2.2 min (range, 0.2-5.8 min). Two @entity0 were lost to follow-up. Clinical success was obtained in 33 (69%) of 48 eyes. Lacrimal symptoms developed in 23 (70%) of these 33 eyes at least once during the follow-up, but these @entity0 responded well to topical drug treatment and lacrimal irrigation. External dacryocystorhinostomy was performed in 13 eyes after failure of the stents. At surgery, lacrimal sacs were shrunken, hyperemic, and fragile in all eyes, making it difficult to anastomose with nasal mucosa. Histologic examination showed granulation tissue and chronic inflammation of the sac epithelium. CONCLUSION: The success rate of the nasolacrimal stent decreases as follow-up lengthens. After stent treatment, lacrimal symptoms frequently develop, even if the stent remains patent, and require multiple office visits and therapy. The @entity1 stent may induce a chronic inflammatory response in the lacrimal sac, which can interfere with subsequent dacryocystorhinostomy.

title: Treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction with XXXX stent placement: long-term results.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have reported that @entity0 @entity1 cell lines express high levels of plasma membrane @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We have also reported that biopsy/surgical samples or primary explant cell cultures from @entity4 express mRNA and protein for the @entity6 chain, a primary @entity5 -binding protein. However, whether @entity6 are expressed in @entity4 in situ has not been resolved. In addition, expression of @entity6 on the cell surface of various normal brain tissues is not known. We examined the expression of @entity6 by using a monoclonal antibody to the @entity6 chain (also known as @entity6 beta) in surgical/biopsy samples of @entity4 tissues by immunohistochemistry. Our data indicate that 15 of 18 @entity2 obtained from two different institutions and 12 other @entity4 samples are moderately to intensely positive for @entity6 . In contrast, although @entity6 mRNA was expressed, no @entity6 protein was detectable in two adult and one pediatric brain tissue specimens. In addition, a commercially available @entity0 neural tissue grid containing fixed tissues from various areas of brain showed no positive staining for the @entity6 chain. @entity6 expression was also demonstrated on @entity3 grades I, II, and III. Because @entity5 cytotoxin comprised of a circularly permutated @entity5 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin [IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL] is cytotoxic to @entity6 -expressing cells, we tested whether primary GBM explant cell cultures are sensitive to @entity5 cytotoxin. Our data indicate that 13 of 15 GBM cell cultures were 25-74 times more sensitive to @entity5 cytotoxin compared with normal @entity0 astrocytes or the NT2 neuronal cell line. These observations indicate that @entity0 @entity4 in situ overexpress @entity6 compared with normal brain tissues, thus confirming our previous conclusions that @entity6 in @entity4 may serve as an attractive target for anticancer therapy.

title: In situ expression of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) receptors in @entity0 @entity4 and cytotoxicity of a recombinant @entity5 cytotoxin in primary XXXX cell cultures.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We have reported that @entity0 @entity1 cell lines express high levels of plasma membrane @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We have also reported that biopsy/surgical samples or primary explant cell cultures from @entity4 express mRNA and protein for the @entity6 chain, a primary @entity5 -binding protein. However, whether @entity6 are expressed in @entity4 in situ has not been resolved. In addition, expression of @entity6 on the cell surface of various normal brain tissues is not known. We examined the expression of @entity6 by using a monoclonal antibody to the @entity6 chain (also known as @entity6 beta) in surgical/biopsy samples of @entity4 tissues by immunohistochemistry. Our data indicate that 15 of 18 @entity2 obtained from two different institutions and 12 other @entity4 samples are moderately to intensely positive for @entity6 . In contrast, although @entity6 mRNA was expressed, no @entity6 protein was detectable in two adult and one pediatric brain tissue specimens. In addition, a commercially available @entity0 neural tissue grid containing fixed tissues from various areas of brain showed no positive staining for the @entity6 chain. @entity6 expression was also demonstrated on @entity3 grades I, II, and III. Because @entity5 cytotoxin comprised of a circularly permutated @entity5 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin [IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL] is cytotoxic to @entity6 -expressing cells, we tested whether primary GBM explant cell cultures are sensitive to @entity5 cytotoxin. Our data indicate that 13 of 15 GBM cell cultures were 25-74 times more sensitive to @entity5 cytotoxin compared with normal @entity0 astrocytes or the NT2 neuronal cell line. These observations indicate that @entity0 @entity4 in situ overexpress @entity6 compared with normal brain tissues, thus confirming our previous conclusions that @entity6 in @entity4 may serve as an attractive target for anticancer therapy.

title: In situ expression of XXXX ( @entity5 ) receptors in @entity0 @entity4 and cytotoxicity of a recombinant @entity5 cytotoxin in primary @entity2 cell cultures.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We have reported that @entity0 @entity1 cell lines express high levels of plasma membrane @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We have also reported that biopsy/surgical samples or primary explant cell cultures from @entity4 express mRNA and protein for the @entity6 chain, a primary @entity5 -binding protein. However, whether @entity6 are expressed in @entity4 in situ has not been resolved. In addition, expression of @entity6 on the cell surface of various normal brain tissues is not known. We examined the expression of @entity6 by using a monoclonal antibody to the @entity6 chain (also known as @entity6 beta) in surgical/biopsy samples of @entity4 tissues by immunohistochemistry. Our data indicate that 15 of 18 @entity2 obtained from two different institutions and 12 other @entity4 samples are moderately to intensely positive for @entity6 . In contrast, although @entity6 mRNA was expressed, no @entity6 protein was detectable in two adult and one pediatric brain tissue specimens. In addition, a commercially available @entity0 neural tissue grid containing fixed tissues from various areas of brain showed no positive staining for the @entity6 chain. @entity6 expression was also demonstrated on @entity3 grades I, II, and III. Because @entity5 cytotoxin comprised of a circularly permutated @entity5 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin [IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL] is cytotoxic to @entity6 -expressing cells, we tested whether primary GBM explant cell cultures are sensitive to @entity5 cytotoxin. Our data indicate that 13 of 15 GBM cell cultures were 25-74 times more sensitive to @entity5 cytotoxin compared with normal @entity0 astrocytes or the NT2 neuronal cell line. These observations indicate that @entity0 @entity4 in situ overexpress @entity6 compared with normal brain tissues, thus confirming our previous conclusions that @entity6 in @entity4 may serve as an attractive target for anticancer therapy.

title: In situ expression of @entity5 ( XXXX ) receptors in @entity0 @entity4 and cytotoxicity of a recombinant @entity5 cytotoxin in primary @entity2 cell cultures.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We have reported that @entity0 @entity1 cell lines express high levels of plasma membrane @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We have also reported that biopsy/surgical samples or primary explant cell cultures from @entity4 express mRNA and protein for the @entity6 chain, a primary @entity5 -binding protein. However, whether @entity6 are expressed in @entity4 in situ has not been resolved. In addition, expression of @entity6 on the cell surface of various normal brain tissues is not known. We examined the expression of @entity6 by using a monoclonal antibody to the @entity6 chain (also known as @entity6 beta) in surgical/biopsy samples of @entity4 tissues by immunohistochemistry. Our data indicate that 15 of 18 @entity2 obtained from two different institutions and 12 other @entity4 samples are moderately to intensely positive for @entity6 . In contrast, although @entity6 mRNA was expressed, no @entity6 protein was detectable in two adult and one pediatric brain tissue specimens. In addition, a commercially available @entity0 neural tissue grid containing fixed tissues from various areas of brain showed no positive staining for the @entity6 chain. @entity6 expression was also demonstrated on @entity3 grades I, II, and III. Because @entity5 cytotoxin comprised of a circularly permutated @entity5 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin [IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL] is cytotoxic to @entity6 -expressing cells, we tested whether primary GBM explant cell cultures are sensitive to @entity5 cytotoxin. Our data indicate that 13 of 15 GBM cell cultures were 25-74 times more sensitive to @entity5 cytotoxin compared with normal @entity0 astrocytes or the NT2 neuronal cell line. These observations indicate that @entity0 @entity4 in situ overexpress @entity6 compared with normal brain tissues, thus confirming our previous conclusions that @entity6 in @entity4 may serve as an attractive target for anticancer therapy.

title: In situ expression of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) receptors in @entity0 @entity4 and cytotoxicity of a recombinant XXXX cytotoxin in primary @entity2 cell cultures.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We have reported that @entity0 @entity1 cell lines express high levels of plasma membrane @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We have also reported that biopsy/surgical samples or primary explant cell cultures from @entity4 express mRNA and protein for the @entity6 chain, a primary @entity5 -binding protein. However, whether @entity6 are expressed in @entity4 in situ has not been resolved. In addition, expression of @entity6 on the cell surface of various normal brain tissues is not known. We examined the expression of @entity6 by using a monoclonal antibody to the @entity6 chain (also known as @entity6 beta) in surgical/biopsy samples of @entity4 tissues by immunohistochemistry. Our data indicate that 15 of 18 @entity2 obtained from two different institutions and 12 other @entity4 samples are moderately to intensely positive for @entity6 . In contrast, although @entity6 mRNA was expressed, no @entity6 protein was detectable in two adult and one pediatric brain tissue specimens. In addition, a commercially available @entity0 neural tissue grid containing fixed tissues from various areas of brain showed no positive staining for the @entity6 chain. @entity6 expression was also demonstrated on @entity3 grades I, II, and III. Because @entity5 cytotoxin comprised of a circularly permutated @entity5 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin [IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL] is cytotoxic to @entity6 -expressing cells, we tested whether primary GBM explant cell cultures are sensitive to @entity5 cytotoxin. Our data indicate that 13 of 15 GBM cell cultures were 25-74 times more sensitive to @entity5 cytotoxin compared with normal @entity0 astrocytes or the NT2 neuronal cell line. These observations indicate that @entity0 @entity4 in situ overexpress @entity6 compared with normal brain tissues, thus confirming our previous conclusions that @entity6 in @entity4 may serve as an attractive target for anticancer therapy.

title: In situ expression of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) receptors in @entity0 XXXX and cytotoxicity of a recombinant @entity5 cytotoxin in primary @entity2 cell cultures.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We have reported that @entity0 @entity1 cell lines express high levels of plasma membrane @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We have also reported that biopsy/surgical samples or primary explant cell cultures from @entity4 express mRNA and protein for the @entity6 chain, a primary @entity5 -binding protein. However, whether @entity6 are expressed in @entity4 in situ has not been resolved. In addition, expression of @entity6 on the cell surface of various normal brain tissues is not known. We examined the expression of @entity6 by using a monoclonal antibody to the @entity6 chain (also known as @entity6 beta) in surgical/biopsy samples of @entity4 tissues by immunohistochemistry. Our data indicate that 15 of 18 @entity2 obtained from two different institutions and 12 other @entity4 samples are moderately to intensely positive for @entity6 . In contrast, although @entity6 mRNA was expressed, no @entity6 protein was detectable in two adult and one pediatric brain tissue specimens. In addition, a commercially available @entity0 neural tissue grid containing fixed tissues from various areas of brain showed no positive staining for the @entity6 chain. @entity6 expression was also demonstrated on @entity3 grades I, II, and III. Because @entity5 cytotoxin comprised of a circularly permutated @entity5 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin [IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL] is cytotoxic to @entity6 -expressing cells, we tested whether primary GBM explant cell cultures are sensitive to @entity5 cytotoxin. Our data indicate that 13 of 15 GBM cell cultures were 25-74 times more sensitive to @entity5 cytotoxin compared with normal @entity0 astrocytes or the NT2 neuronal cell line. These observations indicate that @entity0 @entity4 in situ overexpress @entity6 compared with normal brain tissues, thus confirming our previous conclusions that @entity6 in @entity4 may serve as an attractive target for anticancer therapy.

title: In situ expression of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) receptors in XXXX @entity4 and cytotoxicity of a recombinant @entity5 cytotoxin in primary @entity2 cell cultures.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 11 @entity0 with intraosseous @entity3 of the jaw, with the purpose of improve its diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: 11 @entity0 with intraosseous @entity3 of the jaw treated from January 1993 to February 2002 were reviewed, including the clinical features, pathological findings, immunohistochemical findings, imaging examinations and treatment methods. 8 @entity0 with benign lesions were treated with radical curettage and cautery. 2 @entity0 with mandibular malignant lesions were treated with extended resection and neck dissection. 1 @entity0 with @entity2 concomitant with neurofibrostosis was treated with extensive resection and middle split skin graft and neck dissection, followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgery. RESULTS: The lesions were located in the maxilla in 5 @entity0 (1 was malignant). 6 @entity0 had mandibular lesions (2 were malignant). The X ray findings had some specificity. 10 @entity0 were followed up for 7 to 122 months without recurrence. 1 @entity0 with @entity2 died of multiple @entity1 11 months after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intraosseous @entity3 of the jaw was rarely seen clinically. CT, MRI and fine needle aspiration biopsy were beneficial for early diagnosis. Surgery is still the dominant choice of treatment. The prognosis of the @entity0 was generally good. Adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy had limited value, especially for @entity0 with neurofibrostosis. A novel regime called CYVADICDE was recently invoked much clinical interest.

title: [Intraosseous XXXX of the jaw: report of 11 consecutive cases].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abdominal computed tomographic scanning (ACTS) has recently been shown to be an accurate diagnostic tool for @entity1 and may improve the negative exploration rate in our @entity0 population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 224 @entity0 evaluated for @entity1 during 1998. Forty-two @entity0 underwent appendectomy on clinical grounds alone (Group I), 182 @entity0 underwent ACTS (Group II), and 79 @entity0 in Group II were explored for @entity1 . Diagnostic errors, alternative diagnoses, and perforation rates were noted. RESULTS: There were five negative explorations in Group I (11.9%) and five in Group II (6.3%), resulting in a combined negative rate of 8.3%. The negative exploration rate in @entity0 was 23.5% in Group I and 5.3% in Group II (P = 0.07), producing a combined negative rate of 10.9%. Fifty-eight alternative diagnoses were made by ACTS. The ACTS made a critical difference in the management of 67% of @entity0 over 50 years of age and in 79% of Group II @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The negative exploration rate for @entity1 at our institution fell from 13.6 to 8.3% with selective use of ACTS. The most striking benefit occurred in @entity0 and in @entity0 over 50 years of age.

title: Impact of abdominal CT imaging on the management of XXXX : an update.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The presence of nodal metastatic disease in @entity3 is the foremost prognostic factor. Although neck dissection is the surgical gold standard for the treatment of cervical lymphatic spread, the paratracheal nodal group is not routinely included in the dissection. The study determined the nodal yield, presence of @entity1 , and prognostic importance of paratracheal nodes in @entity0 with advanced @entity4 of the upper aerodigestive tract. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective histological and survival analysis. METHODS: Over a 4-year period (October 1994-June 1998), consecutive @entity0 undergoing laryngectomy with or without pharyngectomy or cervical esophagectomy underwent paratracheal node dissection on a prospective basis. Nodal tissue was examined for the presence of @entity1 . Statistical comparison of survival probability was determined by use of log-rank/chi2 test. RESULTS: Fifty @entity0 have been included in the study to date, with a minimal follow-up of 3 years. The average number of paratracheal nodes dissected was three per side (range, 1-5). Thirteen (26%) @entity0 demonstrated histological evidence of paratracheal nodal @entity1 (larynx, 20%; postcricoid/cervical esophageal region, 43%). Five @entity0 (10%) had positive paratracheal nodes alone in a histologically negative cervical neck dissection. The majority of positive paratracheal nodes were less than 1 cm in diameter and appeared negative preoperatively. The absence of positive paratracheal nodes may have a survival benefit. CONCLUSION: The study highlighted the propensity of advanced @entity4 of the upper aerodigestive tract to involve the paratracheal nodes. This area should be routinely dissected in the surgical management of these @entity2 .

title: Paratracheal lymph node involvement in advanced XXXX of the larynx, hypopharynx, and cervical esophagus.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The preoperative staging of @entity1 can be problematical when we attempt to evaluate T factor (T2-T3 versus T4) and N factor (N0 versus N1-N2). In some cases, radiology tests (CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging) cannot entirely dispel the possibility that the mediastinal structures have been infiltrated. N factor is evaluated mainly by dimensional criteria. However, mediastinoscopy and mediastinotomy do not allow the full exploration of all mediastinal mode stations. METHOD: Starting in 1995, we submitted 10 consecutive @entity0 to videothoracoscopic operative staging with ultrasound color Doppler (VOS-USCD). In five cases, preoperative staging showed possible infiltration of the pulmonary artery (T4). In nine cases, we found involvement of the mediastinal nodes, seven @entity0 were N2, and two were N3. Videothoracoscopy was performed under general anesthesia using a double-lumen endotracheal tube. The videothoracoscope and sonographic probe were inserted via three thoracoports placed in the axillary triangle. RESULTS: Following the results of VOS-USCD, the staging and subsequently the therapeutic program were modified in seven of 10 cases (70%). CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary experience indicates that VOS-USCD should be applied to the diagnosis of @entity0 in stage IIIA (N2) and that it is particularly valuable for @entity0 in stage IIIB.

title: Endothoracic sonography with color Doppler availability during video assisted thoracic surgery (videothoracoscopic operative staging with ultrasound color Doppler) for XXXX staging.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity1 -insulin- @entity3 (GIK) therapy on @entity4 size and left ventricular function when used as an adjuvant therapy to primary angioplasty. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Cardiac intensive care unit at a university hospital. @entity0 : Thirty-seven @entity0 with @entity2 for whom primary angioplasty was indicated. INTERVENTIONS: Eligible @entity0 were randomized by a blinded pharmacist to GIK solution (30% @entity1 in water with insulin 50 U/L, and KCl 40 mM/L) vs. placebo at 1.5 mL/kg/hr for 24 hrs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Tc 99m sestamibi myocardial scintigraphy was performed at admission and at 3 months. Primary end points were the changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the size of salvaged myocardium. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. At the 3-month follow-up, a significant overall decrease in @entity4 size (37 +/- 16% vs. 12 +/- 10%, p <.005) and an increase in LVEF (34 +/- 13% vs. 49 +/- 9%, p =.005) were observed. @entity0 randomized to GIK solution experienced a significant increase in their LVEF at 3 months (39 +/- 12 to 51 +/- 13, p =.002). @entity0 who received placebo had no significant differences between baseline and 3-month measurements (44 +/- 13 vs. 49 +/- 14, p = NS). There was a trend toward an increase in myocardial salvage in the GIK group, which did not reach statistical significance. When @entity0 from both groups were compared directly, differences in LVEF improvement were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: GIK solution did not improve LVEF or decrease the @entity4 size among @entity0 undergoing primary angioplasty.

title: Effects of @entity1 -insulin- XXXX solution on myocardial salvage and left ventricular function after primary angioplasty.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity1 -insulin- @entity3 (GIK) therapy on @entity4 size and left ventricular function when used as an adjuvant therapy to primary angioplasty. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Cardiac intensive care unit at a university hospital. @entity0 : Thirty-seven @entity0 with @entity2 for whom primary angioplasty was indicated. INTERVENTIONS: Eligible @entity0 were randomized by a blinded pharmacist to GIK solution (30% @entity1 in water with insulin 50 U/L, and KCl 40 mM/L) vs. placebo at 1.5 mL/kg/hr for 24 hrs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Tc 99m sestamibi myocardial scintigraphy was performed at admission and at 3 months. Primary end points were the changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the size of salvaged myocardium. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. At the 3-month follow-up, a significant overall decrease in @entity4 size (37 +/- 16% vs. 12 +/- 10%, p <.005) and an increase in LVEF (34 +/- 13% vs. 49 +/- 9%, p =.005) were observed. @entity0 randomized to GIK solution experienced a significant increase in their LVEF at 3 months (39 +/- 12 to 51 +/- 13, p =.002). @entity0 who received placebo had no significant differences between baseline and 3-month measurements (44 +/- 13 vs. 49 +/- 14, p = NS). There was a trend toward an increase in myocardial salvage in the GIK group, which did not reach statistical significance. When @entity0 from both groups were compared directly, differences in LVEF improvement were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: GIK solution did not improve LVEF or decrease the @entity4 size among @entity0 undergoing primary angioplasty.

title: Effects of XXXX -insulin- @entity3 solution on myocardial salvage and left ventricular function after primary angioplasty.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The goal of treatment for @entity3 is complete removal with minimal postoperative @entity2 . The authors correlated the results of surgical management for @entity4 with the rate of postoperative disease progression and the prognostic factors. Thirty-one cases of @entity3 , surgically treated between 1979 and 1998, were retrospectively analyzed. The authors reviewed clinical features, radiological characteristics and operative findings for the surgical outcome analysis. Thirty-five percent of @entity0 with preoperative Nurick's grade better than grade 4 showed improvement in functional status, whereas no improvement was observed in @entity0 with preoperatively poorer functional status (P = 0.05). The proportion of @entity5 was influenced by @entity1 location (40% in cases around the conus versus 97% in other regions, P = 0.003) and histology (42% in the myxopapillary subtype versus 97% in the non-myxopapillary subtype, P = 0.001). Disease progression was observed in six cases, the mean progression free interval after surgical removal was 83 months and the 5-year progression free rate was 70%. Disease progression was found in two out of 23 cases from the complete removal group and in four out of eight cases from the incomplete removal group (P = 0.008). In the aspect of disease progression, the only statistically significant factor by multivariate analysis was the surgical extent of removal (P = 0.010). Of those @entity0 where there was incomplete removal, radiation therapy lead to improved clinical results, which were not statistically significant (P = 0.27). In the surgical treatment of @entity4 , preoperative functional status and the extent of removal were the significant prognostic factors influencing postoperative outcome. Early diagnosis is @entity1 should be attempted in all surgical treatment of @entity3 .

title: Surgical outcome and prognostic factors of spinal XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: The aim of this retrospective analysis was to exclusively present the surgical results of @entity0 with @entity4 of the esophagogastric junction thereby providing a basis for comparison with other approaches. METHODS: 56 @entity0 with @entity3 and 74 @entity0 with @entity1 were operated on and evaluated. The surgical procedure for @entity2 was identical: total gastrectomy, omentectomy and splenectomy with lymph node dissection after a combined left thoraco-abdominal incision. Both @entity1 entities were summarized into 1 group and compared with the results of surgery for @entity3 : subtotal esophagectomy and proximal stomach resection with lymph node dissection after right thoracotomy and an additional abdominal incision. RESULTS: In 93% of all @entity0 an R0 resection was possible. In @entity0 with Barrett's @entity3 (41%) were the predominant postoperative problems. The 30-day lethality (5.3%) was higher in the group of @entity0 with @entity3 compared to those with @entity2 (1.4%). Tumor infiltration and nodal involvement determined the prognosis after R0 resection. The presence of Barrett's mucosa in type-I @entity4 and the histological assessment according to Lauren's classification into @entity2 also influenced the long-term prognosis. CONCLUSION: After R0 resection it is not the @entity1 location but @entity1 infiltration, lymph node status and a differentiated histological assessment that determine the prognosis of @entity0 with @entity4 of the esophagogastric junction.

title: Results of surgical therapy of XXXX of the esophagogastric junction according to a standardized surgical resection technique.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Although there is much information on ischaemic preconditioning in the adult myocardium, this phenomenon has not yet been investigated in neonatal hearts. To examine the early development of @entity1 to ischaemia and the possible protective effects of preconditioning, @entity0 hearts isolated on days 1, 4 and 7 of postnatal life were perfused (Langendorff) with Krebs-Henseleit solution at constant pressure, temperature (37 degrees C) and rate (200 beats/min). Developed force (DF) of contraction was measured by an isometric force transducer, and analysed using an on-line computer. Hearts were exposed to 40 or 60 min of global ischaemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Preconditioning was induced by three 3-min periods of global ischaemia, each separated by 5-min periods of reperfusion. Developmental changes in expression of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) isoforms, and their activation following preconditioning, were estimated using Western blot analysis. Recovery of contractile function during reperfusion decreased from day 1 (48 +/- 2%) to day 4 (42 +/- 1%) and day 7 (33 +/- 2%). Preconditioning failed to improve ischaemic tolerance on day 1 (46 +/- 2%) and on day 4 (43 +/- 3%), but pronounced effect was observed on day 7 (40 +/- 2%). Prolonging the period of sustained ischaemia from 40 to 60 min on day 1 did not lead to a better recovery of contractile function in preconditioned hearts. @entity2 isoforms alpha, delta, epsilon and zeta were expressed in the ventricular myocardium during the first week of life, but there was no evidence of translocation following preconditioning on day 7. It may be assumed that the decreasing tolerance of the heart to ischaemia during early postnatal life is counteracted by the development of an endogenous protection.

title: Tolerance to ischaemia and ischaemic preconditioning in neonatal XXXX heart.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The positioning of the prostate is improved with the use of the fluoroscopic real-time @entity1 -tracking radiation therapy system for @entity3 . The acute radiation reaction and preliminary @entity1 response of @entity3 to hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy assisted with real-time @entity1 -tracking radiation therapy were investigated in this study. METHODS: @entity0 were classified into prognostic risk groups on the basis of the presence of the pretreatment @entity5 , clinical stage, and histologic differentiation. Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy was administered to @entity0 in the high-risk group for 6 months before radiation therapy commenced. The intensity-modulated radiation therapy employed a segmental multileaf collimator, which generated a field made up of two or more shaped subfields using forward planning. Real-time @entity1 -tracking radiation therapy was used for the precise positioning of the prostate to minimize geometric uncertainties, while the dose was escalated in increments of 5 Gy from 65 Gy using a daily dose of 2.5 Gy (65 Gy/2.5 Gy), following the dose-escalation rules. Acute and late gastrointestinal and genitourinary morbidities due to radiation therapy were scored according to the @entity2 criteria of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity1 . RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity0 were enrolled in this study between 1998 and 2001. Eighteen @entity0 were classified as being members of the high-risk group. Total dose was escalated, with 65 Gy/2.5 Gy being administered to 12 @entity0 and 70 Gy/2.5 Gy to 19 @entity0 . The median follow-up period was 37 months (range, 30-43 months), and 19 months (range, 10-27 months), for the 65-Gy and 70-Gy arms, respectively. @entity0 experienced no acute @entity2 and grade 1 late @entity4 (8.3%) in the 65-Gy/2.5-Gy arm. @entity0 in the 70-Gy/2.5-Gy arm experienced grade 1 acute @entity4 (5.3%) and grade 1 and 2 acute genitourinarytoxicities (15.8%). No @entity0 experienced dose-limiting @entity2 (defined as a grade 3 or higher acute @entity2 ) or a grade 2 or higher late complication in this study period. One and two @entity5 relapses were observed in the 65-Gy and 70-Gy arms, respectively. CONCLUSION: Up to 70 Gy/2.5 Gy, equivalent to 80 Gy with a daily dose of 2.0 Gy, assuming alpha/beta ratio of 1.5, intensity-modulated radiation therapy assisted with real-time @entity1 -tracking radiation therapy was administered safely with a reasonable biochemical control rate. A further dose-escalation study using this system is justifiable.

title: Reduction in acute morbidity using hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy assisted with a fluoroscopic real-time @entity1 -tracking system for XXXX : preliminary results of a phase I/II study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The positioning of the prostate is improved with the use of the fluoroscopic real-time @entity1 -tracking radiation therapy system for @entity3 . The acute radiation reaction and preliminary @entity1 response of @entity3 to hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy assisted with real-time @entity1 -tracking radiation therapy were investigated in this study. METHODS: @entity0 were classified into prognostic risk groups on the basis of the presence of the pretreatment @entity5 , clinical stage, and histologic differentiation. Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy was administered to @entity0 in the high-risk group for 6 months before radiation therapy commenced. The intensity-modulated radiation therapy employed a segmental multileaf collimator, which generated a field made up of two or more shaped subfields using forward planning. Real-time @entity1 -tracking radiation therapy was used for the precise positioning of the prostate to minimize geometric uncertainties, while the dose was escalated in increments of 5 Gy from 65 Gy using a daily dose of 2.5 Gy (65 Gy/2.5 Gy), following the dose-escalation rules. Acute and late gastrointestinal and genitourinary morbidities due to radiation therapy were scored according to the @entity2 criteria of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity1 . RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity0 were enrolled in this study between 1998 and 2001. Eighteen @entity0 were classified as being members of the high-risk group. Total dose was escalated, with 65 Gy/2.5 Gy being administered to 12 @entity0 and 70 Gy/2.5 Gy to 19 @entity0 . The median follow-up period was 37 months (range, 30-43 months), and 19 months (range, 10-27 months), for the 65-Gy and 70-Gy arms, respectively. @entity0 experienced no acute @entity2 and grade 1 late @entity4 (8.3%) in the 65-Gy/2.5-Gy arm. @entity0 in the 70-Gy/2.5-Gy arm experienced grade 1 acute @entity4 (5.3%) and grade 1 and 2 acute genitourinarytoxicities (15.8%). No @entity0 experienced dose-limiting @entity2 (defined as a grade 3 or higher acute @entity2 ) or a grade 2 or higher late complication in this study period. One and two @entity5 relapses were observed in the 65-Gy and 70-Gy arms, respectively. CONCLUSION: Up to 70 Gy/2.5 Gy, equivalent to 80 Gy with a daily dose of 2.0 Gy, assuming alpha/beta ratio of 1.5, intensity-modulated radiation therapy assisted with real-time @entity1 -tracking radiation therapy was administered safely with a reasonable biochemical control rate. A further dose-escalation study using this system is justifiable.

title: Reduction in acute morbidity using hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy assisted with a fluoroscopic real-time XXXX -tracking system for @entity3 : preliminary results of a phase I/II study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are well known to induce @entity2 including @entity5 , ulceration and perforation in @entity0 and animals. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two oxicams, preferential @entity14 or @entity10 inhibitors, on both @entity3 and some biological parameters (hematological, hepatic and renal) after subchronic administration (14 and 28 days) in @entity1 . Neutrophil infiltration was also assessed. Equipotent doses of @entity13 (3.75 and 7.5 mg/kg) and @entity11 (5 and 10 mg/kg) were administered. Both drugs dose-dependently caused multiple @entity3 and @entity5 in @entity1 after 14 and 28 days of administration. Treatment with @entity13 led to a higher gastric damage than with @entity11 on day 14 although these results were not significant. The levels of @entity8 activity (as an index of neutrophil infiltration) were not changed compared with control after drug treatment. All the hematological parameters obtained after drugs administration for 14 and 28 days were in the range of normal values, and a significant increase in platelet levels could be observed in the group treated with 5 mg/kg of @entity11 for 14 days. @entity4 aminotransferase (AST or GOT) increased significantly after 14 days, but after 28 days the values returned to normality. @entity6 and @entity7 did not undergo significant changes except for the @entity11 14-day 5 mg/kg group, in which @entity12 increased significantly over normal values. In conclusion, our results show that @entity13 , a preferential @entity10 inhibitor, causes rates of @entity9 comparable to those seen with traditional NSAIDs, without inducing important changes in biological parameters.

title: XXXX induced by subchronic administration of preferential cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in @entity1 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are well known to induce @entity2 including @entity5 , ulceration and perforation in @entity0 and animals. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two oxicams, preferential @entity14 or @entity10 inhibitors, on both @entity3 and some biological parameters (hematological, hepatic and renal) after subchronic administration (14 and 28 days) in @entity1 . Neutrophil infiltration was also assessed. Equipotent doses of @entity13 (3.75 and 7.5 mg/kg) and @entity11 (5 and 10 mg/kg) were administered. Both drugs dose-dependently caused multiple @entity3 and @entity5 in @entity1 after 14 and 28 days of administration. Treatment with @entity13 led to a higher gastric damage than with @entity11 on day 14 although these results were not significant. The levels of @entity8 activity (as an index of neutrophil infiltration) were not changed compared with control after drug treatment. All the hematological parameters obtained after drugs administration for 14 and 28 days were in the range of normal values, and a significant increase in platelet levels could be observed in the group treated with 5 mg/kg of @entity11 for 14 days. @entity4 aminotransferase (AST or GOT) increased significantly after 14 days, but after 28 days the values returned to normality. @entity6 and @entity7 did not undergo significant changes except for the @entity11 14-day 5 mg/kg group, in which @entity12 increased significantly over normal values. In conclusion, our results show that @entity13 , a preferential @entity10 inhibitor, causes rates of @entity9 comparable to those seen with traditional NSAIDs, without inducing important changes in biological parameters.

title: @entity9 induced by subchronic administration of preferential cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a local carcinogen in the digestive tract in @entity0 . @entity6 leads to microbial colonization of the stomach, which could enhance microbial production of @entity5 from @entity4 . The aim of the study was to study microbial @entity4 metabolism and @entity5 production in the stomach of achlorhydric @entity6 @entity0 . METHODS: For the in vivo study, @entity3 or @entity4 was infused via a nasogastric tube to the stomach of seven achlorhydric @entity6 @entity0 and five healthy controls. Gastric juice samples for @entity4 and @entity5 determinations and microbial analysis were obtained at 30 and 60 min after the infusions. For the in vitro study, gastric juice samples from 14 @entity6 @entity0 and 16 controls were obtained during gastroscopy, whereafter the samples were incubated for 2 h with 1% @entity4 at 37 degrees C and @entity5 was determined. RESULTS: Minor endogenous @entity4 and @entity5 concentrations were detected after @entity3 infusion in the gastric juice of four @entity6 @entity0 . After @entity4 infusion, the mean intragastric @entity5 level of the @entity6 @entity0 was 4.5-fold at 30 min and 6.5-fold at 60 min compared to controls. In vitro, the difference between the study groups was even higher, 7.6-fold. A vast selection of oral bacterial species and some Enterobacteriaceae and @entity2 were presented in the gastric juice of @entity6 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Microbial @entity4 metabolism leads to high intragastric @entity5 levels after @entity4 drinking in achlorhydric @entity6 @entity0 . This could be one of the factors responsible for enhanced @entity1 risk among @entity6 @entity0 .

title: XXXX -derived microbial production of carcinogenic @entity5 in achlorhydric @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a local carcinogen in the digestive tract in @entity0 . @entity6 leads to microbial colonization of the stomach, which could enhance microbial production of @entity5 from @entity4 . The aim of the study was to study microbial @entity4 metabolism and @entity5 production in the stomach of achlorhydric @entity6 @entity0 . METHODS: For the in vivo study, @entity3 or @entity4 was infused via a nasogastric tube to the stomach of seven achlorhydric @entity6 @entity0 and five healthy controls. Gastric juice samples for @entity4 and @entity5 determinations and microbial analysis were obtained at 30 and 60 min after the infusions. For the in vitro study, gastric juice samples from 14 @entity6 @entity0 and 16 controls were obtained during gastroscopy, whereafter the samples were incubated for 2 h with 1% @entity4 at 37 degrees C and @entity5 was determined. RESULTS: Minor endogenous @entity4 and @entity5 concentrations were detected after @entity3 infusion in the gastric juice of four @entity6 @entity0 . After @entity4 infusion, the mean intragastric @entity5 level of the @entity6 @entity0 was 4.5-fold at 30 min and 6.5-fold at 60 min compared to controls. In vitro, the difference between the study groups was even higher, 7.6-fold. A vast selection of oral bacterial species and some Enterobacteriaceae and @entity2 were presented in the gastric juice of @entity6 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Microbial @entity4 metabolism leads to high intragastric @entity5 levels after @entity4 drinking in achlorhydric @entity6 @entity0 . This could be one of the factors responsible for enhanced @entity1 risk among @entity6 @entity0 .

title: @entity4 -derived microbial production of carcinogenic XXXX in achlorhydric @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a local carcinogen in the digestive tract in @entity0 . @entity6 leads to microbial colonization of the stomach, which could enhance microbial production of @entity5 from @entity4 . The aim of the study was to study microbial @entity4 metabolism and @entity5 production in the stomach of achlorhydric @entity6 @entity0 . METHODS: For the in vivo study, @entity3 or @entity4 was infused via a nasogastric tube to the stomach of seven achlorhydric @entity6 @entity0 and five healthy controls. Gastric juice samples for @entity4 and @entity5 determinations and microbial analysis were obtained at 30 and 60 min after the infusions. For the in vitro study, gastric juice samples from 14 @entity6 @entity0 and 16 controls were obtained during gastroscopy, whereafter the samples were incubated for 2 h with 1% @entity4 at 37 degrees C and @entity5 was determined. RESULTS: Minor endogenous @entity4 and @entity5 concentrations were detected after @entity3 infusion in the gastric juice of four @entity6 @entity0 . After @entity4 infusion, the mean intragastric @entity5 level of the @entity6 @entity0 was 4.5-fold at 30 min and 6.5-fold at 60 min compared to controls. In vitro, the difference between the study groups was even higher, 7.6-fold. A vast selection of oral bacterial species and some Enterobacteriaceae and @entity2 were presented in the gastric juice of @entity6 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Microbial @entity4 metabolism leads to high intragastric @entity5 levels after @entity4 drinking in achlorhydric @entity6 @entity0 . This could be one of the factors responsible for enhanced @entity1 risk among @entity6 @entity0 .

title: @entity4 -derived microbial production of carcinogenic @entity5 in achlorhydric XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) accompanying @entity3 was induced in (C57BL/6xDBA/2) F(1) @entity0 (H-2(b/d)) by an injection of splenic T cells of parental DBA/2 origin (H-2(d)). In parallel with the onset of @entity2 , an expansion of lymphocytes was induced in the liver and kidney, showing a peak at 2 weeks after the onset of disease. The majority of lymphocytes were of recipient origin (H-2(b/d)). The main lymphocyte subset among T cells at the pre-onset stage and after the onset of disease was CD8(+) @entity5 (-) CD3(int) cells (of extrathymic, hepatic origin) in both the liver and kidney. @entity5 (-) CD3(int) cells confer primarily neither NK-like nor NKT-like @entity1 . No induction of these types of @entity1 was observed in these @entity0 with the expansion of @entity5 (-) CD3(int) cells. This raised the possibility that granulocytes induced in the liver and kidney might be associated with tissue damage. The present results suggest that, similarly to the case of autoimmune-prone @entity0 with genetic background (e.g. MRL-lpr/lpr @entity0 and BXSB @entity0 ), @entity5 (-) CD3(int) cells of extrathymic, hepatic origin might be crucial lymphocytes involved in the induction of the @entity3 in @entity0 with chronic @entity4 , in conjunction with Bcells (e.g. B-1 cells).

title: Unconventional @entity5 (-) intermediate TCR cells as major T lymphocytes expanding in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) accompanying @entity3 was induced in (C57BL/6xDBA/2) F(1) @entity0 (H-2(b/d)) by an injection of splenic T cells of parental DBA/2 origin (H-2(d)). In parallel with the onset of @entity2 , an expansion of lymphocytes was induced in the liver and kidney, showing a peak at 2 weeks after the onset of disease. The majority of lymphocytes were of recipient origin (H-2(b/d)). The main lymphocyte subset among T cells at the pre-onset stage and after the onset of disease was CD8(+) @entity5 (-) CD3(int) cells (of extrathymic, hepatic origin) in both the liver and kidney. @entity5 (-) CD3(int) cells confer primarily neither NK-like nor NKT-like @entity1 . No induction of these types of @entity1 was observed in these @entity0 with the expansion of @entity5 (-) CD3(int) cells. This raised the possibility that granulocytes induced in the liver and kidney might be associated with tissue damage. The present results suggest that, similarly to the case of autoimmune-prone @entity0 with genetic background (e.g. MRL-lpr/lpr @entity0 and BXSB @entity0 ), @entity5 (-) CD3(int) cells of extrathymic, hepatic origin might be crucial lymphocytes involved in the induction of the @entity3 in @entity0 with chronic @entity4 , in conjunction with Bcells (e.g. B-1 cells).

title: Unconventional XXXX (-) intermediate TCR cells as major T lymphocytes expanding in @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The inorganic part of hard tissues (bones and teeth) of mammals consists of @entity1 , mainly of apatitic structure. Similarly, most undesired calcifications (i.e. those appearing as a result of @entity0 ) of mammals also contain @entity1 . For example, @entity7 results in blood-vessel blockage caused by a solid composite of @entity3 with @entity1 . @entity8 result in a replacement of less soluble and hard apatite by more soluble and softer @entity5 hydrogenphosphates. @entity4 is a @entity2 . Therefore, from a chemical point of view, processes of normal (bone and teeth formation and growth) and pathological ( @entity7 and dental calculus) calcifications are just an in vivo crystallization of @entity1 . Similarly, @entity8 and @entity4 can be considered to be in vivo dissolution of @entity5 phosphates. On the other hand, because of the chemical similarity with biological calcified tissues, all @entity5 phosphates are remarkably biocompatible. This property is widely used in medicine for biomaterials that are either entirely made of or coated with @entity1 . For example, self-setting bone cements made of @entity5 phosphates are helpful in bone repair and @entity6 substitutes covered with a surface layer of @entity9 are used for hip-joint endoprostheses and tooth substitutes, to facilitate the growth of bone and thereby raise the mechanical stability. @entity5 phosphates have a great biological and medical significance and in this review we give an overview of the current knowledge in this subject.

title: Biological and medical significance of XXXX phosphates.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Interactions between the neuroendocrine and immune system play an important role in maintaining and restoring homeostasis. In susceptible individuals a dysfunction of the neuroendocrine system may be one of the risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of @entity3 . Specific causes of altered neuroendocrine function are still not fully elucidated. Accumulation of genetical, environmental, behavioral and other risk factors during long preclinical period may result in chronic imbalances in homeostatic mechanisms maintained by neuroendocrine, microvascular and immune systems. Chronic inflammatory stress mediated by humoral and neural signals during active stages of the disease and autoantibodies against the structures of the neuroendocrine system may further participate in the @entity2 . In a subset of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), an assumed defect of the @entity4 may be implicated in the pathogenesis. Results of some studies support the concept of @entity2 in @entity0 with premenopausal onset of the @entity1 . Significantly lower levels of @entity7 ( @entity6 ) plasma levels of @entity0 who subsequently developed @entity1 indicate that @entity2 may be present already in preclinical period and thus are not only secondary due to ongoing inflammatory process. These findings are sketching the new prospects of possible primary prevention of @entity1 in the future. The role of some other hormones including prolactin, @entity5 , sex hormones and involvement of autonomic nervous system in relation with the @entity3 is also reviewed in the paper. Further research concerning their role in the pathogenesis of other @entity3 will possibly provide new prospects in optimizing their therapy.

title: The role of neuroendocrine system in the pathogenesis of XXXX (minireview).

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non- @entity4 @entity5 is more common in transplant recipients, probably because of immunosuppression. An increased risk of developing @entity4 could be a late effect of transplantation. The number of naevi, which is a risk marker for @entity4 , is increased in renal transplant recipients of all ages and may be related to immunosuppression. The risk of @entity4 has been suspected to be particularly high after bone marrow transplantation. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) might be an interesting model for the study of interactions between naevi and the immune system. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether aBMT exposes an individual to a particularly high risk of @entity4 , using naevi as a surrogate measure of the risk. To improve our knowledge of the effect of the immune system on naevi, using @entity6 as a model. METHODS: We carried out an epidemiological case-control study with two age-, sex- and hair colour-matched controls for each case. The results were analysed with analysis of variance, a general linear model analysis and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The number of naevi was not significantly increased in aBMT @entity0 , as compared with controls, although there was a significant excess on the palms and legs. In exploratory subgroup case-control comparisons and with the general linear model, @entity0 who were conditioned with a combination of two alkylating drugs at high doses, and @entity0 who had an aBMT before the age of 20 years tended to have a higher count of naevi (P = 0.002 and P = 0.06, respectively). Conversely, there was a trend in favour of a lower count of naevi in @entity0 with @entity3 of chronic @entity6 (P = 0.01). These data were corroborated by multivariate analysis, which showed that conditioning with high-dose chemotherapy, the absence of severe chronic cutaneous @entity6 and a young age at transplantation were the main variables that independently predicted an excess of naevi. CONCLUSIONS: This study of aBMT @entity0 confirms that chemotherapy stimulates naevus growth. It also suggests for the first time that diffuse lesions of chronic cutaneous @entity6 are associated with a decreased number of naevi. Whether allo-immunity, chronic @entity1 or the masking of naevi by pigmentation and @entity2 is responsible for the decreased number of naevi requires further investigation. With respect to the long-term risk of @entity4 in aBMT recipients, our results support an increased risk particularly when aBMT is performed at a young age, and when conditioning is with high doses of alkylating drugs.

title: Naevi in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation recipients: the effect of XXXX on naevi.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Vidalia onion varieties Nirvana, DPS 1032, Yellow 2025, King-Midas, and SBO 133 grown at Vidalia, Georgia, were analyzed for @entity3 content. A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with photodiode array detection was used for quantification. Compounds were analyzed as aglycons after acid hydrolysis with 1.2 M @entity4 . Identification of each compound was based on comparison of its retention time and UV spectra with those of pure commercial standards. Three major @entity0 , @entity6 , @entity1 , and @entity2 , were identified and quantified. @entity2 was the major @entity3 (7.70-46.32 mg/100 g fresh weight, FW) present in all varieties, followed by @entity1 (2.77-4.13 mg/100 g FW). Minor quantities of @entity6 (1.10-1.98 mg/100 g FW) were also detected. The total @entity5 and @entity7 equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) ranged from 73.33 to 180.84 mg/100 g FW and 0.92-1.56 microM TEAC/g FW, respectively. A positive but weaker correlation was obtained for total @entity5 versus antioxidant capacity. Nevertheless, a stronger correlation (r(2) = 0.34) was obtained between @entity3 content versus antioxidant capacity. The data indicate that Vidalia onions are a rich source of @entity2 , and they also contain @entity1 and @entity6 .

title: XXXX and antioxidant capacity of Georgia-grown Vidalia onions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the last few years digital dermoscopy has been introduced as an additional tool to improve the clinical diagnosis of @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity of digital dermoscopy by comparing the diagnoses of a dermatologist experienced in dermoscopy (5 years of experience) with those of a clinician with minimal training in this field, and then comparing these results with those obtained using computer-aided diagnoses. METHODS: Three hundred and forty-one pigmented melanocytic and non-melanocytic @entity0 were included. All lesions were surgically excised and histopathologically examined. Digital dermoscopic images of all lesions were framed and analysed using software based on a trained artificial neural network. Cohen's kappa statistic was calculated to assess the validity with regard to the correct diagnoses of @entity1 and @entity1 . RESULTS: Sensitivity was high for the experienced dermatologist and the computer (92%) and lower for the inexperienced clinician (69%). Specificity of the diagnosis by the experienced dermatologist was higher (99%) than that of the inexperienced clinician (94%) and the computer assessment (74%). Notably, computer analysis gave a higher number of false positives (26%) compared with the experienced dermatologist (0.6%) and the inexperienced clinician (5.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that analysis either by a trained dermatologist or an artificial neural network-trained computer can improve the diagnostic accuracy of @entity1 compared with that of an inexperienced clinician and that the computer diagnosis might represent a useful tool for the screening of @entity1 , particularly at centres not experienced in dermoscopy.

title: Dermoscopic diagnosis by a trained clinician vs. a clinician with minimal dermoscopy training vs. computer-aided diagnosis of 341 XXXX : a comparative study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We previously showed that individuals with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) had a reduced ability to condition air, which was improved by @entity0 . We hypothesized that individuals with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) would condition air like @entity3 with @entity0 . Because individuals with @entity1 usually have @entity0 in the nose, we hypothesized that they would condition air like individuals with @entity4 . We performed a prospective, parallel study on 15 normal subjects, 15 subjects with @entity3 outside their @entity2 season, 15 subjects with @entity4 , and 15 subjects with @entity1 . Cold, dry air (CDA) was delivered to the nose and the temperature and humidity of the air were measured before entering and after exiting the nasal cavity. The total water gradient (TWG) was calculated and represents the nasal conditioning capacity. The TWG in the @entity3 group was significantly lower than that in normal subjects. There were no significant differences in TWG between the @entity4 and normal groups. Subjects with @entity1 had a significantly lower TWG than did normal subjects. There was a significant negative correlation between TWG and Aas score in the group with @entity1 (r(s) = -0.8, p = 0.0007). Our data show that subjects with @entity1 have a reduced ability of the nose to condition CDA compared with normal subjects, but which is similar to @entity3 out of season.

title: The nasal passage of subjects with XXXX has a decreased ability to warm and humidify inspired air.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) analysis in normal subjects and @entity2 @entity0 by comparison of POBF measurements with functional (as determined by @entity1 [ @entity1 ]) and structural (as determined by optical coherence tomography [OCT]) measures. DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Forty-one eyes of 24 consecutive @entity2 @entity0 and 20 eyes of 10 healthy subjects were studied; POBF analysis was performed on all subjects at the same visit as @entity1 testing and OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness measurement. The mean results of normal and @entity3 were compared for each method. Correlation between measurements obtained with each modality and the discriminating power using receiver operator characteristic curves was tested. RESULTS: The mean POBF (standard deviation [SD]) in the normal group was 1,010.4 (292.8) microl/min and 989.3 (305.5) microl/min in the @entity2 group (P =.90). Significant differences between groups were found for @entity1 mean deviation and pattern standard deviation (P =.02, P =.004, respectively) and OCT mean NFL thickness (P <.0001). No correlation was found between POBF parameters and intraocular pressure, @entity1 , or OCT variables except for intraocular pressure in @entity2 group (r = -.43, P =.003). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curves was higher for @entity1 indexes and OCT mean NFL thickness than POBF parameters for distinguishing between normal and @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The wide range of normal values and the low discriminating power of POBF between normal and @entity3 limits the clinical use of the device for @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Evaluating pulsatile ocular blood flow analysis in normal and treated XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the characteristics of late-onset @entity3 in @entity0 with regressed @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the condition of their fellow eyes. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of 29 @entity0 (38 eyes) who had been treated at two institutions, one in the US and the other in Japan, between 1986 and 1997. The age at the time of treatment ranged from 6 to 51 years (mean=23.1). Five of the 38 eyes with tractional detachment were treated with either open-sky vitrectomy, closed vitrectomy, or scleral buckling; 27 of the 38 eyes with @entity3 underwent scleral buckling or closed vitrectomy or both. The remaining 6 of the 38 eyes had subclinical @entity4 and were treated with photocoagulation or cryopexy, or followed without treatment. The most characteristic @entity1 were multiple holes with a prevalence of equator and posterior types. RESULTS: Overall, anatomical reattachment was accomplished in 27/32 eyes (84%) that underwent surgery. Two thirds of the @entity0 who underwent vitrectomy either initially or at a later time had poor postoperative visual acuity. More than half of the fellow eyes had @entity3 and others had various characteristic fundus changes of regressed @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Long-term, probably life-long follow-up of high-risk @entity0 is necessary so that diagnosis and treatment can be instituted at an early stage of @entity3 .

title: Late-onset @entity3 associated with regressed XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the characteristics of late-onset @entity3 in @entity0 with regressed @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the condition of their fellow eyes. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of 29 @entity0 (38 eyes) who had been treated at two institutions, one in the US and the other in Japan, between 1986 and 1997. The age at the time of treatment ranged from 6 to 51 years (mean=23.1). Five of the 38 eyes with tractional detachment were treated with either open-sky vitrectomy, closed vitrectomy, or scleral buckling; 27 of the 38 eyes with @entity3 underwent scleral buckling or closed vitrectomy or both. The remaining 6 of the 38 eyes had subclinical @entity4 and were treated with photocoagulation or cryopexy, or followed without treatment. The most characteristic @entity1 were multiple holes with a prevalence of equator and posterior types. RESULTS: Overall, anatomical reattachment was accomplished in 27/32 eyes (84%) that underwent surgery. Two thirds of the @entity0 who underwent vitrectomy either initially or at a later time had poor postoperative visual acuity. More than half of the fellow eyes had @entity3 and others had various characteristic fundus changes of regressed @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Long-term, probably life-long follow-up of high-risk @entity0 is necessary so that diagnosis and treatment can be instituted at an early stage of @entity3 .

title: Late-onset XXXX associated with regressed @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Extracellular @entity1 -induced stimulation and activation of peripheral blood leukocytes and subsequent degranulation play a critical role in immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction and other inflammatory diseases. The extracellular @entity5 stimulate a P2Y receptor(s) on @entity0 PMN with the pharmacological profile similar to that of the @entity10 receptor. Upon activation of @entity10 , @entity3 , formed from the membrane bound lipids by @entity6 , which subsequently metabolized by @entity4 to form the @entity8 . Of the several leukotrienes generated, @entity9 is a potent pro-inflammatory chemokine. Upon its release @entity9 binds to the PMN in a paracrine manner and also other leukocytes such as monocytes at the site of @entity2 , leading to an accelerated rate of degranulation. It is known that LTA(4) formed in the @entity4 pathway in PMN could be released from PMN by receptor-mediated transport. Upon its release, the monocytes, erythrocytes, platelet, endothelial or smooth muscle cells can take up LTA(4). The endogenous @entity11 form the LTB(4) from LTA(4) in erythrocytes, platelet, endothelial or smooth muscle cells. As in PMN, @entity9 is released from these cells via receptor-mediated transport to the extracellular milieu. Thus, released LTB(4) most likely acts as potentially accelerating factor in PMN and MN degranulation through its receptor-specific binding. It is not known whether any LTB(4) receptor exists in cytoplasm in any given cell type and also, the existence of any other signaling cascade for the extracellular @entity1 -induced leukocyte degranulation. Thus, it is convincing that the extracellular @entity5 released from the activated platelets and other damaged cell types exacerbate the inflammatory response by @entity7 generation. In turn the @entity7 will act in both autocrine and paracrine manner to amplify the degranulation processes in leukocytes invoked by extracellular @entity5 .

title: Amplification of extracellular @entity1 -induced leukocyte(s) degranulation by contingent autocrine and paracrine mode of XXXX -mediated chemokine receptor activation.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Extracellular @entity1 -induced stimulation and activation of peripheral blood leukocytes and subsequent degranulation play a critical role in immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction and other inflammatory diseases. The extracellular @entity5 stimulate a P2Y receptor(s) on @entity0 PMN with the pharmacological profile similar to that of the @entity10 receptor. Upon activation of @entity10 , @entity3 , formed from the membrane bound lipids by @entity6 , which subsequently metabolized by @entity4 to form the @entity8 . Of the several leukotrienes generated, @entity9 is a potent pro-inflammatory chemokine. Upon its release @entity9 binds to the PMN in a paracrine manner and also other leukocytes such as monocytes at the site of @entity2 , leading to an accelerated rate of degranulation. It is known that LTA(4) formed in the @entity4 pathway in PMN could be released from PMN by receptor-mediated transport. Upon its release, the monocytes, erythrocytes, platelet, endothelial or smooth muscle cells can take up LTA(4). The endogenous @entity11 form the LTB(4) from LTA(4) in erythrocytes, platelet, endothelial or smooth muscle cells. As in PMN, @entity9 is released from these cells via receptor-mediated transport to the extracellular milieu. Thus, released LTB(4) most likely acts as potentially accelerating factor in PMN and MN degranulation through its receptor-specific binding. It is not known whether any LTB(4) receptor exists in cytoplasm in any given cell type and also, the existence of any other signaling cascade for the extracellular @entity1 -induced leukocyte degranulation. Thus, it is convincing that the extracellular @entity5 released from the activated platelets and other damaged cell types exacerbate the inflammatory response by @entity7 generation. In turn the @entity7 will act in both autocrine and paracrine manner to amplify the degranulation processes in leukocytes invoked by extracellular @entity5 .

title: Amplification of extracellular XXXX -induced leukocyte(s) degranulation by contingent autocrine and paracrine mode of @entity7 -mediated chemokine receptor activation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the long-term follow-up of @entity0 with acute @entity8 (AZOOR). DESIGN: Observational consecutive case series. METHODS: Prospective and retrospective review of medical records of @entity0 with AZOOR. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity0 (37 @entity0 and 14 @entity0 ) with a median age of 33 years (mean, age 36 years; range, 13-63 years) were followed for a median of 96 months (mean 100 months; range, 36-420 months). At presentation, AZOOR was present in one eye of 31 @entity0 (61%) and both eyes in 20 @entity0 (39%). All @entity0 presented with an acute loss of one or more zones of visual field, and 45 (88%) @entity0 presented with photopsia. Corrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 68 (76%) of 90 affected eyes. Funduscopic examination was normal in 82 eyes and revealed signs of AZOOR in 8 eyes. Electroretinographic amplitudes were @entity2 in all affected eyes. The median delay in diagnosis of AZOOR was 17 months. During follow-up, AZOOR developed in 19 fellow eyes. At final follow-up AZOOR was present in one eye of 12 (24%) @entity0 and both eyes of 39 (76%) @entity0 . Sixteen @entity0 had 23 recurrences of AZOOR. Visual field loss stabilized within 6 months in 37 @entity0 (72%), progressed stepwise in 2 @entity0 (4%), and partly improved in 12 @entity0 (24%). Fourteen @entity0 (28%) had @entity5 , including @entity7 in 6 @entity0 and relapsing transverse @entity3 in 4 @entity0 . At last follow-up all @entity0 had residual @entity1 . Final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 61 (68%) affected eyes. Nine @entity0 (18%) were @entity6 . The fundi of 90 affected eyes revealed no changes of AZOOR in 47 eyes (52%) and changes in the pigment epithelium and retina caused by AZOOR in 43 eyes (48%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 in AZOOR is characterized by one or more episodes of @entity4 , and in some cases, death of retinal receptor cells in one or more zones of one or both eyes. Central vision is often spared, but recovery of visual field occurs infrequently. The etiology of AZOOR is unknown. Electroretinography is essential for early diagnosis. The value of treatment is uncertain.

title: Acute XXXX : a long-term follow-up study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The effect of @entity0 on liveweight gain (LWG) was assessed by comparison of weight changes in @entity6 -treated N'Dama and Gobra @entity3 (16-20 months old) with respective control groups submitted to natural tick challenge over 1 year. @entity6 was applied monthly, fortnightly or weekly. Preventive treatments against @entity5 , @entity2 and trypanosomosis were given. Mortality rate was recorded and post-mortem examinations carried out. In both treated and control animals, significantly fewer Hyalomma spp. and Amblyomma variegatum were found on N'Dama than on Gobra @entity3 . Both breeds are equally susceptible to @entity0 . Total annual tick burdens did not cause significant differences in LWG between acaricide-treated and control @entity1 in either breeds. LWG was also not affected during or after the annual peak of @entity0 (composed mainly by A. variegatum and @entity7 ). Equally-high mortality (35%), due to unidentified causes, was recorded in acaricide-treated and control Gobra @entity1 ; mortality in N'Dama @entity1 was 7.5%. In both breeds, about the 90% of mortality occurred at the end of the dry season. Breed differences in tick burden confirm previous results. If @entity4 do not influence LWG or mortality, then it is concluded that intensive tick control is not justifiable in Gambian livestock.

title: Effect of controlling natural field- @entity0 on the growth of N'Dama and Gobra XXXX in the Gambia.

answer: @entity3