abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is a global crisis in access to @entity1 management in the world. WHO estimates that 4.65 billion @entity0 live in countries where medical opioid consumption is near to zero. For 2010, WHO considered a per capita consumption of 216.7  mg @entity4 equivalents adequate, while Taiwan had a per capita consumption of 0.05  mg @entity4 equivalents in 2007. In Asia, the use of opioids is sensitive because of the Opium @entity5 in the 19th century and for this reason, the focus of controlled substances policies has been on the prevention of diversion and @entity2 . However, an optimal public health outcome requires that also the beneficial aspects of these substances are acknowledged. Therefore, WHO recommends a policy based on the Principle of Balance: ensuring access for medical and scientific purposes while preventing diversion, harmful use and @entity2 . Furthermore, international law requires that countries ensure access to opioid analgesics for medical and scientific purposes. There is evidence that opioid analgesics for @entity3 are not associated with a major risk for developing @entity2 . Barriers for access can be classified in the categories of overly restrictive laws and regulations; insufficient medical training on @entity1 management and problems related to assessment of medical needs; attitudes like an excessive fear for @entity2 or diversion; and economic and logistical problems. The GOPI project found many examples of such barriers in Asia. Access to opioid medicines in Taiwan can be improved by analysing the national situation and drafting a plan. The WHO policy guidelines Ensuring Balance in National Policies on Controlled Substances can be helpful for achieving this purpose, as well as international guidelines for @entity1 treatment.

title: Improving access to adequate XXXX management in Taiwan.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity2 ) regulates seed maturation, germination and various stress responses in plants. The roles of @entity2 in cellular growth and morphogenesis, however, remain to be explored. Here, we report that @entity2 induces the ectopic outgrowth of epidermal cells in @entity0 . Seedlings of A. thaliana germinated and grown in the presence of @entity2 developed ectopic protrusions in the epidermal cells of hypocotyls, petioles and cotyledons. One protrusion was formed in the middle of each epidermal cell. In the hypocotyl epidermis, two types of cell files are arranged alternately into non-stoma cell files and stoma cell files, ectopic protrusions being restricted to the non-stoma cell files. This suggests the presence of a difference in the degree of sensitivity to @entity2 or in the capacity of cells to form protrusions between the two cell files. The ectopic outgrowth was suppressed in @entity2 insensitive mutants, whereas it was enhanced in @entity2 hypersensitive mutants. Interestingly, @entity2 -induced ectopic outgrowth was also suppressed in mutants in which microtubule organization was compromised. Furthermore, cortical microtubules were disorganized and depolymerized by the @entity2 treatment. These results suggest that @entity2 signaling induces ectopic outgrowth in epidermal cells through microtubule reorganization.

title: XXXX induces ectopic outgrowth in epidermal cells through cortical microtubule reorganization in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity2 ) regulates seed maturation, germination and various stress responses in plants. The roles of @entity2 in cellular growth and morphogenesis, however, remain to be explored. Here, we report that @entity2 induces the ectopic outgrowth of epidermal cells in @entity0 . Seedlings of A. thaliana germinated and grown in the presence of @entity2 developed ectopic protrusions in the epidermal cells of hypocotyls, petioles and cotyledons. One protrusion was formed in the middle of each epidermal cell. In the hypocotyl epidermis, two types of cell files are arranged alternately into non-stoma cell files and stoma cell files, ectopic protrusions being restricted to the non-stoma cell files. This suggests the presence of a difference in the degree of sensitivity to @entity2 or in the capacity of cells to form protrusions between the two cell files. The ectopic outgrowth was suppressed in @entity2 insensitive mutants, whereas it was enhanced in @entity2 hypersensitive mutants. Interestingly, @entity2 -induced ectopic outgrowth was also suppressed in mutants in which microtubule organization was compromised. Furthermore, cortical microtubules were disorganized and depolymerized by the @entity2 treatment. These results suggest that @entity2 signaling induces ectopic outgrowth in epidermal cells through microtubule reorganization.

title: @entity1 induces ectopic outgrowth in epidermal cells through cortical microtubule reorganization in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, we present a rare and difficult case of epithelioid inflammatory @entity2 (EIMS) in abdominal cavity. A 47-year-old female presented as left upper @entity3 for 6 months and abdominal distention for 1 month. CT examination showed a solid mass in the left upper intra-abdomen. Grossly, the @entity0 was found in the mesenterium of colon with the size of 7.5 * 6.5 * 3.5 cm, and was solid and gray-yellowish in the cut surface. Focal myxomatous appearance was observed. Microscopically, stromal myxoid change together with prominant infiltrated lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils were found in the @entity0 , and the @entity0 cells were round, epithelioid with vesicular nuclei, large prominant nucleoli and high mitotic rate. Immunohistochemically, strong diffused positive for @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity8 (nuclear membrane staining pattern) and AAT, focally positive for @entity6 and @entity7 , were showed, Ki67 index was about 20%; Especially, @entity9 and D240 were focally expressed in this @entity0 . FISH analysis showed rearrangement of @entity8 , and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was used to detect the fusion location of the @entity10 and @entity8 gene. The diagnosis of EMIS was made based on its location, typical morphology, the immunohistochemical features especially the nuclear membranous immunostaining of @entity8 and rearrangement of @entity10 - @entity8 . The @entity0 showed @entity1 and a poor prognosis. The differential diagnosis and other treatments of EMIS are also discussed in the present study. This finding may increase the case information of EMIS.

title: Epithelioid inflammatory XXXX in abdominal cavity: a case report and review of literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The initial drink of @entity1 is often conceptualized as "priming" the individual for the following drinking bout. For the alcoholic, this priming effect has been considered a key for the loss of control that then occurs. Although there have been a few animal studies examining the effects of an investigator-administered @entity3 preload on subsequent @entity3 self-administration, the effects of a small self-administered oral preload on subsequent consumption have not been examined. METHOD: Adult, male @entity0 , initiated to self-administer @entity3 using the @entity2 -substitution procedure, were given brief access periods to drink @entity3 or water, 5 minutes prior to a second opportunity to press a lever for an additional 20-minute access to a 10% @entity3 solution. A second group of @entity0 were trained to press a lever to gain access to a 3% @entity2 solution, and the effects of @entity2 or water preloads were examined and compared with results in the @entity3 group. RESULTS: In the @entity3 group, both the @entity3 and water preload intakes increased as preload access time increased and were not different from each other. However, @entity3 preloads at the longer access times (60 seconds and 120 seconds) decreased subsequent @entity3 consumption and at the highest time also affected @entity3 -seeking behavior. Equal volumes of water intake at these longer access times had no effects on subsequent @entity3 consumption. In the @entity2 group, @entity2 preload intakes increased as access time increased, but water preload intakes did not. Neither @entity2 nor water preloads had any effect on subsequent @entity2 consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The data failed to find any priming effect of @entity3 preloads in terms of increased subsequent @entity3 consumption. It appears that a major factor in the regulation of @entity3 intake for the @entity0 in this training procedure is the postingestional effects of @entity3 , because taste stimuli did not appear to be important. However, it appears that these @entity3 postingestive stimuli are not identical to those involved in the regulation of @entity2 consumption.

title: Effects of self-administered @entity1 or XXXX preloads on subsequent consumption in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The initial drink of @entity1 is often conceptualized as "priming" the individual for the following drinking bout. For the alcoholic, this priming effect has been considered a key for the loss of control that then occurs. Although there have been a few animal studies examining the effects of an investigator-administered @entity3 preload on subsequent @entity3 self-administration, the effects of a small self-administered oral preload on subsequent consumption have not been examined. METHOD: Adult, male @entity0 , initiated to self-administer @entity3 using the @entity2 -substitution procedure, were given brief access periods to drink @entity3 or water, 5 minutes prior to a second opportunity to press a lever for an additional 20-minute access to a 10% @entity3 solution. A second group of @entity0 were trained to press a lever to gain access to a 3% @entity2 solution, and the effects of @entity2 or water preloads were examined and compared with results in the @entity3 group. RESULTS: In the @entity3 group, both the @entity3 and water preload intakes increased as preload access time increased and were not different from each other. However, @entity3 preloads at the longer access times (60 seconds and 120 seconds) decreased subsequent @entity3 consumption and at the highest time also affected @entity3 -seeking behavior. Equal volumes of water intake at these longer access times had no effects on subsequent @entity3 consumption. In the @entity2 group, @entity2 preload intakes increased as access time increased, but water preload intakes did not. Neither @entity2 nor water preloads had any effect on subsequent @entity2 consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The data failed to find any priming effect of @entity3 preloads in terms of increased subsequent @entity3 consumption. It appears that a major factor in the regulation of @entity3 intake for the @entity0 in this training procedure is the postingestional effects of @entity3 , because taste stimuli did not appear to be important. However, it appears that these @entity3 postingestive stimuli are not identical to those involved in the regulation of @entity2 consumption.

title: Effects of self-administered XXXX or @entity2 preloads on subsequent consumption in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The initial drink of @entity1 is often conceptualized as "priming" the individual for the following drinking bout. For the alcoholic, this priming effect has been considered a key for the loss of control that then occurs. Although there have been a few animal studies examining the effects of an investigator-administered @entity3 preload on subsequent @entity3 self-administration, the effects of a small self-administered oral preload on subsequent consumption have not been examined. METHOD: Adult, male @entity0 , initiated to self-administer @entity3 using the @entity2 -substitution procedure, were given brief access periods to drink @entity3 or water, 5 minutes prior to a second opportunity to press a lever for an additional 20-minute access to a 10% @entity3 solution. A second group of @entity0 were trained to press a lever to gain access to a 3% @entity2 solution, and the effects of @entity2 or water preloads were examined and compared with results in the @entity3 group. RESULTS: In the @entity3 group, both the @entity3 and water preload intakes increased as preload access time increased and were not different from each other. However, @entity3 preloads at the longer access times (60 seconds and 120 seconds) decreased subsequent @entity3 consumption and at the highest time also affected @entity3 -seeking behavior. Equal volumes of water intake at these longer access times had no effects on subsequent @entity3 consumption. In the @entity2 group, @entity2 preload intakes increased as access time increased, but water preload intakes did not. Neither @entity2 nor water preloads had any effect on subsequent @entity2 consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The data failed to find any priming effect of @entity3 preloads in terms of increased subsequent @entity3 consumption. It appears that a major factor in the regulation of @entity3 intake for the @entity0 in this training procedure is the postingestional effects of @entity3 , because taste stimuli did not appear to be important. However, it appears that these @entity3 postingestive stimuli are not identical to those involved in the regulation of @entity2 consumption.

title: Effects of self-administered @entity1 or @entity2 preloads on subsequent consumption in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity3 -coated tunneled hemodialysis catheters reduce infection and to determine the frequency of central @entity1 and @entity5 with percutaneous placement of right internal jugular vein dialysis catheters by interventional radiologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-one @entity0 were randomly assigned to a treatment ( @entity3 -coated catheter; n = 47) or control (identical catheter without @entity3 coating; n = 44) arm. Baseline venography was performed. Catheter tips were cultured and venography was repeated at catheter removal. RESULTS: Mean duration of catheter placement was 92 days. Infection occurred in 11 @entity0 (five in the treatment group, six in the control group). @entity8 cultures in 15 @entity0 (eight treatment, seven control) were positive without @entity7 . Infection and colonization rates were slightly but not significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group. @entity3 -coated catheters in two (4%) @entity0 were removed due to reaction to the coating. Completion venograms (n = 72) showed new @entity6 in four (6%) @entity0 and @entity6 ( @entity5 , @entity4 ) in three (4%) @entity0 . Permanent @entity2 occurred in two (3%) @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity3 coating does not confer a benefit against @entity7 or colonization. Interventional radiologic placement of tunneled dialysis catheters yields a low frequency of permanent central @entity1 and @entity5 .

title: Tunneled hemodialysis catheters: use of a XXXX -coated catheter for prevention of infection--a randomized study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to investigate whether an elevated @entity7 level signals @entity4 and to find the cause of @entity5 for 247 @entity1 with elevated values among the 5550 @entity1 screened in 1986-1988 in the Stockholm population. METHODS: The Swedish Regional @entity3 Registry delivered malignancy diagnoses among the 5550 @entity1 screened. The Cause of Death Registry gave the cause of @entity5 among the @entity1 with elevated @entity7 values. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity4 were excluded. In 44 @entity1 with elevated @entity7 values other @entity3 were reported to the @entity3 Registry. They represent 18% of the entire group with elevated values. Among the 5297 @entity1 with normal @entity7 values 13% developed various @entity3 . The difference between incidence of @entity3 in @entity1 with elevated values and @entity1 with normal values is significant, P = 0.02. Especially during the test-related period, from 1 year before to 1 year after the test, @entity3 were detected in 6.9% of the population with elevated values and in only 1.6% with normal values (P = < 0.001). @entity0 and @entity2 were overrepresented among @entity1 with elevated @entity7 values (P = 0.015 and < 0.001, respectively). Of the total 5500 @entity1 screened, 358 @entity1 died with different diagnoses. Elevated @entity7 values had been noted earlier in 25 @entity1 , and of these 20 died of @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic postmenopausal @entity1 with elevated @entity7 levels in @entity4 screening trials should, if @entity4 is excluded, be investigated for possible @entity0 . The findings also suggest that elevated @entity7 level is a risk factor for @entity5 from @entity3 .

title: The significance of serum XXXX elevation in malignant and nonmalignant diseases.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus is rampant in northern, eastern, and southern India. Central nervous system involvement in the form of @entity5 or @entity9 is common in scrub typhus. As specific laboratory methods remain inadequate or inaccessible in developing countries, prompt diagnosis is often difficult. AIM: The aim of this study was to characterize @entity2 in scrub typhus from northeastern region of India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We did a prospective study of scrub @entity9 at North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Medical Sciences among @entity0 admitted to hospital between October 2009 and November 2011. The diagnosis was made based on the clinical pictures, presence of an eschar, and a positive Weil-Felix test (WFT) with a titer of >1:160 and if required a positive scrub IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lumbar puncture was performed in @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity7 , altered sensorium or @entity3 , and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain performed if needed. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity0 of @entity5 that were serologically confirmed were included in the study. There were 13 males and 10 females. Fever >= 1 week was the most common manifestation (39.1%). Interestingly, none had an eschar. Median cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell count, lymphocyte percentage, CSF protein, CSF @entity4 /blood @entity4 , CSF ADA were 17 cells/ L, 90%, 86 mg/dL, 0.6605 and 3.6 U/mL, respectively. All @entity0 were treated with @entity8 . There was no mortality in our study. CONCLUSIONS: Absence of Eschar does not rule out scrub typhus. Clinical features and CSF findings can mimic @entity6 so misdiagnosis may lead to unwarranted prolonged empirical antituberculous therapy in cases of @entity9 . Delay in treatment can be potentially fatal. WFT still serves as a useful and affordable diagnostic tool for this disease in resource-poor countries.

title: Tsutsugamushi Disease (Scrub Typhus) XXXX in North Eastern India: A Prospective Study.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cerebral non-invasive monitoring of @entity2 saturation by near-infrared spectroscopy (rSO2) during paediatric cardiac surgery is supposed to decrease the risk of @entity1 . Since haemoglobin level is one of the factors changing rSO2, we aimed to explore if rSO2 monitoring influences intra-operative RBC (red blood cell) transfusion threshold and volumes, as well as the duration of ICU stay. METHODS: The design was a retrospective analysis involving 91 @entity0 less than 2 years of age (including 16 neonates) with a @entity3 requiring surgical treatment with or without cardiopulmonary bypass from January 2006 to August 2009. Systematic rSO2 monitoring was introduced after September 2007 (n=56). The independent factors associated with the intra-operative transfusion threshold haemoglobin (Hb) level>9.5g/dL, total volume of intra-operative RBC transfusion<30mL/kg and ICU stay<6 days were identified by multivariate analysis logistic regression. Data were expressed as medians (25-75%). RESULTS: @entity3 and demographic characteristics were similar in both periods. Two independent factors, weight and rSO2 monitoring, were identified as independent factors associated with the three end-points. The transfusion threshold, total transfusion volume and ICU stay with and without rSO2 were 9.8 (8.9 to 10.3) versus 8.7 (8.2 to 9.6) g/dL (P<0.0001), 20 (14-49) versus 36 (22.5-51.5) mL/kg (P=0.0165) and 5 (3-8) versus 7 (5-10.7) days (P=0.0084), respectively. CONCLUSION: rSO2 monitoring changed our transfusion strategy with an earlier transfusion but a reduced total RBC volume and decreased the length of ICU stay.

title: A retrospective study about cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring during paediatric cardiac surgery and intra-operative XXXX blood management.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the association between serum @entity1 level and @entity3 in adult @entity0 and @entity0 in the north of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on the 1956 subjects (990 @entity0 and 966 @entity0 ) between 25 and 65 years old chosen by cluster sampling. Plasma @entity1 was measured in the morning after a 12 h fast and determined by auto-analyzer. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was defined by a total plasma @entity1 level over 200 mg/dl. Waist circumference >= 102 cm and >= 88 cm in @entity0 and @entity0 were defined as @entity3 . SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis and P < 0.05 considered as statistical significance. RESULTS: Averagely, the mean of age was 44.2 years and mean    standard deviation of plasma total @entity1 level was 203    11.3 mg/dl. The @entity2 was seen in 50.8% of subjects with a more common in @entity0 than in @entity0 . Compared with normal subjects, in @entity3 @entity0 , the odds ratio (OR) of @entity2 was (OR = 4.208 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.939-9.130]) and (OR = 3.956 [95% CI: 1.821-8.592]) in @entity0 aged 25-35 and 35-45 years, respectively. In @entity0 aged 25-35 years, it was (OR = 3.444 [95% CI: 1.959-6.056]) in @entity3 compared with normal subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity2 was revealed as a major health problem among adults, and it was associated with @entity3 especially in the early middle-age in the north of Iran. This association was not significant in @entity0 and @entity0 after the age of 45 and 35, respectively.

title: The association between @entity3 and serum XXXX level.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the association between serum @entity1 level and @entity3 in adult @entity0 and @entity0 in the north of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on the 1956 subjects (990 @entity0 and 966 @entity0 ) between 25 and 65 years old chosen by cluster sampling. Plasma @entity1 was measured in the morning after a 12 h fast and determined by auto-analyzer. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was defined by a total plasma @entity1 level over 200 mg/dl. Waist circumference >= 102 cm and >= 88 cm in @entity0 and @entity0 were defined as @entity3 . SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis and P < 0.05 considered as statistical significance. RESULTS: Averagely, the mean of age was 44.2 years and mean    standard deviation of plasma total @entity1 level was 203    11.3 mg/dl. The @entity2 was seen in 50.8% of subjects with a more common in @entity0 than in @entity0 . Compared with normal subjects, in @entity3 @entity0 , the odds ratio (OR) of @entity2 was (OR = 4.208 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.939-9.130]) and (OR = 3.956 [95% CI: 1.821-8.592]) in @entity0 aged 25-35 and 35-45 years, respectively. In @entity0 aged 25-35 years, it was (OR = 3.444 [95% CI: 1.959-6.056]) in @entity3 compared with normal subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity2 was revealed as a major health problem among adults, and it was associated with @entity3 especially in the early middle-age in the north of Iran. This association was not significant in @entity0 and @entity0 after the age of 45 and 35, respectively.

title: The association between XXXX and serum @entity1 level.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary orthostatic @entity3 (OT) is a rare @entity1 of unknown pathophysiology characterized by a high-frequency @entity3 mainly of the legs when standing. The aim of this study was to examine its long-term course by subjective estimation and objective recording by serial posturography and to obtain further standardized epidemiological and clinical data on @entity0 with OT. METHODS: A clinical cohort of 37 @entity0 with the diagnosis of primary OT was screened for this longitudinal follow-up study. Eighteen @entity0 consented to participate. During study visit all @entity0 underwent a standardized neurological examination and completed subjective scales and scores. Posturographic recordings at follow-up were compared to prior clinical posturographic measurements in 15cases. RESULTS: In our cohort the mean duration of symptoms was 14.1      6.8 years. Subjectively, 78% of @entity0 reported progression of the disease. Posturographic data (5.4      4.0 years) revealed a significant increase of the total sway path (standing on firm ground with eyes open) from 2.4      1.3 to 3.4      1.4  m/min (p  =  0.022) and of the total root mean square values from 9.8      4.3 to 12.4      4.8  mm (p  =  0.028). None of these observations are explained by aging of the @entity0 . Mean frequency of the @entity3 did not change over time (14.7      1.9  Hz vs. 14.9      2.0  Hz at follow-up). Clinically, most @entity0 had signs of @entity2 and a substantial portion also showed proprioceptive deficits in the long-term course. CONCLUSIONS: This long-term follow-up study indicates, that primary OT is a progressive disorder. Furthermore, the clinical observation of @entity2 in most OT @entity0 in the long-term course might indicate an important role of the cerebellum in its pathophysiology.

title: Long-term course of orthostatic XXXX in serial posturographic measurement.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) plays a crucial role in @entity1 pathophysiology by regulating, processes of the lung function, and clinical response to bronchodilators. The @entity6 - @entity5 polymorphism in the gene encoding b2 adrenergic receptor ( @entity2 ) has been associated with receptor non-responsiveness after b2-agonist exposure. In the present study, we sought to evaluate the possible association of @entity5 polymorphism with @entity1 susceptibility, pharmacogenetic response to @entity3 , and varying degrees of disease severity. Three hundred ninety-eight clinically diagnosed @entity0 and 456 healthy controls were enrolled for the study. @entity0 were classified into severity classes according to Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. To assess bronchodilator response, spirometry was performed before and 15  min after @entity3 (200   g) delivery. Responders to @entity3 were categorized if percentage reversibility was greater than or equal to 12  % in them, while those showing reversibility less than 12  % were classified as non-responders. Genotyping was carried out by ARMS-PCR technique. Statistical methods were applied to test for the significance of the results. In the present study, there was lack of significant association of polymorphism with disease susceptibility as well as with bronchodilator response. The polymorphism was not associated with mild and moderate @entity1 subtypes; however, there was a notable association with severe @entity1 subtype. In addition, the polymorphism was associated with severe @entity1 compared to subtypes of mild and moderate @entity1 combined. In a South Indian population, the @entity2 Arg/ @entity4 may not form a susceptible variant to develop @entity1 nor can be a standard predictive marker to bronchodilator response; nevertheless, the patterns in @entity1 severity can be predicted by analyzing this variant.

title: Analysis of XXXX (Arg16Gly) Gene Variant with Susceptibility, Pharmacogenetic Response and Disease Severity in South Indian Asthmatics.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The development of both type I and @entity7 after initiation of some atypical neuroleptics has been reported, primarily in studies involving small series of @entity0 . This study used administrative data from a large national sample of @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity2 to compare the prevalence of @entity1 in @entity0 receiving prescriptions for atypical and typical neuroleptics. METHOD: All outpatients with @entity2 treated with typical and atypical neuroleptics over 4 months in 1999 in the Veterans Health Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) were included in this study. @entity0 treated with atypical neuroleptics were those who received prescriptions for @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity6 , or @entity5 . @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity1 were also identified by using ICD-9 codes in VA administrative databases. The prevalence of @entity1 across age groups and among @entity0 receiving prescriptions for different atypical neuroleptics was examined with multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 38,632 @entity0 were included in the study: 15,984 (41.4%) received typical neuroleptics and 22,648 (58.6%) received any atypical neuroleptic (1,207 [5.3%] received @entity4 ; 10,970 [48.4%], @entity3 ; 955 [4.2%], @entity5 ; and 9,903 [43.7%], @entity6 ; 387 @entity0 received prescriptions for more than one atypical neuroleptic). When the effects of age were controlled, @entity0 who received atypical neuroleptics were 9% more likely to have @entity1 than those who received typical neuroleptics, and the prevalence of @entity1 was significantly increased for @entity0 who received @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity5 , but not @entity6 . However, for @entity0 less than 40 years old, all of the atypical neuroleptics were associated with a significantly increased prevalence of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this large group of @entity0 with @entity2 , receipt of a prescription for atypical neuroleptics was significantly associated with @entity1 .

title: Association of @entity1 with use of atypical neuroleptics in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The development of both type I and @entity7 after initiation of some atypical neuroleptics has been reported, primarily in studies involving small series of @entity0 . This study used administrative data from a large national sample of @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity2 to compare the prevalence of @entity1 in @entity0 receiving prescriptions for atypical and typical neuroleptics. METHOD: All outpatients with @entity2 treated with typical and atypical neuroleptics over 4 months in 1999 in the Veterans Health Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) were included in this study. @entity0 treated with atypical neuroleptics were those who received prescriptions for @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity6 , or @entity5 . @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity1 were also identified by using ICD-9 codes in VA administrative databases. The prevalence of @entity1 across age groups and among @entity0 receiving prescriptions for different atypical neuroleptics was examined with multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 38,632 @entity0 were included in the study: 15,984 (41.4%) received typical neuroleptics and 22,648 (58.6%) received any atypical neuroleptic (1,207 [5.3%] received @entity4 ; 10,970 [48.4%], @entity3 ; 955 [4.2%], @entity5 ; and 9,903 [43.7%], @entity6 ; 387 @entity0 received prescriptions for more than one atypical neuroleptic). When the effects of age were controlled, @entity0 who received atypical neuroleptics were 9% more likely to have @entity1 than those who received typical neuroleptics, and the prevalence of @entity1 was significantly increased for @entity0 who received @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity5 , but not @entity6 . However, for @entity0 less than 40 years old, all of the atypical neuroleptics were associated with a significantly increased prevalence of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this large group of @entity0 with @entity2 , receipt of a prescription for atypical neuroleptics was significantly associated with @entity1 .

title: Association of XXXX with use of atypical neuroleptics in the treatment of @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis is likely to improve therapy and prognosis. The study objective was to evaluate the usefulness of a programme for early diagnosis of @entity6 in @entity0 from an urban primary care centre. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity0 were recruited from a randomized sample of @entity0 not diagnosed with @entity6 but having relevant risk factors: age >=  65 years, ischaemic and/or @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity2 , and/or @entity1 . @entity0 were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). The intervention included (i) initial visit with clinical history, electrocardiogram, and instruction about pulse palpation and warning signs and (ii) electrocardiogram every 6 months during a 2-year follow-up. The main endpoint of the study was the proportion of new cases diagnosed at 6 months. Secondary endpoints were number of new @entity6 diagnoses and complications associated with the @entity5 in both groups. A total of 928 @entity0 were included (463 IG and 465 CG). At 6 months, @entity6 was diagnosed in 8 IG @entity0 and 1 CG @entity0 (1.7 vs. 0.2%, respectively, P = 0.018). After 2 years of follow-up, 11 IG @entity0 and 6 CG @entity0 had newly diagnosed @entity6 (2.5 vs. 1.3%, respectively, P = 0.132). Time to first diagnosis of @entity6 was shorter in IG @entity0 [median (inter-quartile range): 7 (192) days vs. 227 (188.5) days in CG, P = 0.029]. CONCLUSION: The simple screening proposed could be useful for the early detection of @entity6 in primary care.

title: EARLY: a pilot study on early diagnosis of XXXX in a primary healthcare centre.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between medial temporal lobe @entity2 (MTA) and @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) remains unclear. We examined this relationship using voxel-based specific regional analysis system for @entity3 (VSRAD) advance software, which allowed us to quantify the degree of MTA on images obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity0 diagnosed with @entity5 were recruited and scanned with a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. All MRI data were analyzed using VSRAD advance. The target volume of interest (VOI) included the entire region of the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. The degree of MTA was obtained from the averaged positive z-score (Z score) on the target VOI, with higher scores indicating more severe MTA. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Revised Hasegawa @entity4 Scale (HDS-R), which strengthened the measures of memory and language more than MMSE, were used to assess the presence of @entity1 . RESULTS: A negative correlation was found between the Z score and MMSE total scores or the HDS-R total scores. A stepwise multiple regression analysis performed to adjust the covariate effects of sex, age, the onset age of the disease, duration of @entity5 , years of education, and @entity6 treatment showed that the HDS-R total scores were independently associated with the Z score, whereas MMSE total scores were not. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MTA is related to @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity5 , particularly the regions of orientation, immediate and delayed recall, and word fluency.

title: The Relationship Between Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy and XXXX in @entity0 With @entity4 With Lewy Bodies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between medial temporal lobe @entity2 (MTA) and @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) remains unclear. We examined this relationship using voxel-based specific regional analysis system for @entity3 (VSRAD) advance software, which allowed us to quantify the degree of MTA on images obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity0 diagnosed with @entity5 were recruited and scanned with a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. All MRI data were analyzed using VSRAD advance. The target volume of interest (VOI) included the entire region of the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. The degree of MTA was obtained from the averaged positive z-score (Z score) on the target VOI, with higher scores indicating more severe MTA. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Revised Hasegawa @entity4 Scale (HDS-R), which strengthened the measures of memory and language more than MMSE, were used to assess the presence of @entity1 . RESULTS: A negative correlation was found between the Z score and MMSE total scores or the HDS-R total scores. A stepwise multiple regression analysis performed to adjust the covariate effects of sex, age, the onset age of the disease, duration of @entity5 , years of education, and @entity6 treatment showed that the HDS-R total scores were independently associated with the Z score, whereas MMSE total scores were not. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MTA is related to @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity5 , particularly the regions of orientation, immediate and delayed recall, and word fluency.

title: The Relationship Between Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy and @entity1 in @entity0 With XXXX With Lewy Bodies.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between medial temporal lobe @entity2 (MTA) and @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) remains unclear. We examined this relationship using voxel-based specific regional analysis system for @entity3 (VSRAD) advance software, which allowed us to quantify the degree of MTA on images obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity0 diagnosed with @entity5 were recruited and scanned with a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. All MRI data were analyzed using VSRAD advance. The target volume of interest (VOI) included the entire region of the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. The degree of MTA was obtained from the averaged positive z-score (Z score) on the target VOI, with higher scores indicating more severe MTA. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Revised Hasegawa @entity4 Scale (HDS-R), which strengthened the measures of memory and language more than MMSE, were used to assess the presence of @entity1 . RESULTS: A negative correlation was found between the Z score and MMSE total scores or the HDS-R total scores. A stepwise multiple regression analysis performed to adjust the covariate effects of sex, age, the onset age of the disease, duration of @entity5 , years of education, and @entity6 treatment showed that the HDS-R total scores were independently associated with the Z score, whereas MMSE total scores were not. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MTA is related to @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity5 , particularly the regions of orientation, immediate and delayed recall, and word fluency.

title: The Relationship Between Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy and @entity1 in XXXX With @entity4 With Lewy Bodies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of growing @entity1 fed diets with different levels of either Leucaena leucocephala (LLM) or Moringa oleifera (MOLM) leaf meals and also to compare total collection and @entity2 marker methods for estimating digestibility. A total of 30 @entity4 growing @entity1 (1.81  0.19 kg live weight on average) were randomly distributed into five experimental groups of six @entity1 each and were housed in individual cages. The groups were control, 30% LLM, 40% LLM, 30% MOLM, and 40% MOLM. All groups received pelleted diets for two weeks; diets also contained 4 g/kg @entity3 as dietary marker. Daily feed intake was recorded during the whole experimental period and total feces were collected daily and weighed individually during four days. The results showed that there were no difference (p>0.05) in feed, @entity0 ( @entity0 ), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), digestible energy, and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) intake between the control group and the other experimental groups. The apparent digestibility values of @entity0 , OM, CP, @entity5 , acid detergent fiber, and gross energy were the highest for control group (p = 0.001), meanwhile MOLM diets had generally higher nutrient digestibility coefficients than LLM diets. Increasing the inclusion level of leaf meal in the diet from 30% to 40% improved the digestibility of @entity5 from 45.02% to 51.69% for LLM and from 48.11% to 55.89% for MOLM. Similar results for apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients were obtained when either total collection or indigestible marker method was used. In conclusion, the digestibility of MOLM containing diets were better than LLM diets, furthermore @entity2 as an external marker could be used as a simple, practical and reliable method to estimate nutrients digestibility in @entity1 diets.

title: Estimating Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Diets Containing Leucaena leucocephala or Moringa oleifera Leaf Meals for Growing XXXX by Two Methods.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: Using bacterial, @entity1 , or @entity0 cell expressing a @entity0 drug metabolism enzyme would seem good way to study drug metabolism-related problems. @entity0 cytochrome P-450 2C9( @entity4 ) is a polymorphic enzyme responsible for the metabolism of a large number of clinically important drugs. It ranks among the most important drug metabolizing enzymes in @entity0 . In order to provide a sufficient amount of the enzyme for drug metabolic research, the @entity4 cDNA was cloned and expressed stably in @entity2 cells. METHODS: After extraction of total RNA from @entity0 liver tissue, the @entity0 @entity4 cDNA was amplified with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and cloned into cloning vector pGEM-T. The cDNA fragment was identified by DNA sequencing and subcloned into a @entity0 expression vector pREP9. A transgenic cell line was established by transfecting the recombinant vector of pREP9- @entity4 into @entity2 cells. The enzyme activity of @entity4 catalyzing oxidation of @entity5 to @entity7 in S9 fraction of the cell was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). RESULTS: The @entity3 sequence predicted from the cDNA segment was identical to that of @entity4 *1, the wild type @entity4 . However, there were two base differences, i.e. @entity8 , @entity9 , but the encoding @entity3 sequence was the same, L7, P382. The S9 fraction of the established cell line metabolizes @entity5 to @entity7 ; @entity5 hydroxylase activity was found to be 0.465 +/- 0.109 micromol.min(-1).g(-1) S9 protein or 8.62 +/- 2.02mol.min(-1).mol(-1) @entity6 , but was undetectable in parental @entity2 cell. CONCLUSION: The cDNA of @entity0 @entity4 was successfully cloned and a cell line of @entity2 - @entity4 , efficiently expressing the protein of @entity4 , was established.

title: Cloning of cytochrome P-450 2C9 cDNA from @entity0 liver and its expression in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: Using bacterial, @entity1 , or @entity0 cell expressing a @entity0 drug metabolism enzyme would seem good way to study drug metabolism-related problems. @entity0 cytochrome P-450 2C9( @entity4 ) is a polymorphic enzyme responsible for the metabolism of a large number of clinically important drugs. It ranks among the most important drug metabolizing enzymes in @entity0 . In order to provide a sufficient amount of the enzyme for drug metabolic research, the @entity4 cDNA was cloned and expressed stably in @entity2 cells. METHODS: After extraction of total RNA from @entity0 liver tissue, the @entity0 @entity4 cDNA was amplified with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and cloned into cloning vector pGEM-T. The cDNA fragment was identified by DNA sequencing and subcloned into a @entity0 expression vector pREP9. A transgenic cell line was established by transfecting the recombinant vector of pREP9- @entity4 into @entity2 cells. The enzyme activity of @entity4 catalyzing oxidation of @entity5 to @entity7 in S9 fraction of the cell was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). RESULTS: The @entity3 sequence predicted from the cDNA segment was identical to that of @entity4 *1, the wild type @entity4 . However, there were two base differences, i.e. @entity8 , @entity9 , but the encoding @entity3 sequence was the same, L7, P382. The S9 fraction of the established cell line metabolizes @entity5 to @entity7 ; @entity5 hydroxylase activity was found to be 0.465 +/- 0.109 micromol.min(-1).g(-1) S9 protein or 8.62 +/- 2.02mol.min(-1).mol(-1) @entity6 , but was undetectable in parental @entity2 cell. CONCLUSION: The cDNA of @entity0 @entity4 was successfully cloned and a cell line of @entity2 - @entity4 , efficiently expressing the protein of @entity4 , was established.

title: Cloning of cytochrome P-450 2C9 cDNA from XXXX liver and its expression in @entity2 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To observe the regulatory effect of Chinese herbal medicine on peritoneal lymphatic stomata and its significance in treating @entity1 in @entity3 model @entity0 . METHODS: Two Chinese herbal composite prescriptions were used separately to treat the @entity5 -induced @entity0 model of @entity3 . The histo-pathologic changes of the liver sections (HE and VG stainings) were observed. The peritoneal lymphatic stomata was detected by scanning electron microscopy and computer image processing. The changes of urinary volume and @entity2 ion concentration were measured. RESULTS: In the model group, lots of fibrous tissue formed in liver and extended into the hepatic lobules to separate them incompletely. In the treated and prevention groups, the histo-pathologic changes of liver was rather milder, only showed much less fibrous tissue proliferation in the hepatic lobules. The peritoneal lymphatic stomata enlarged with increased density in the experimental groups (diameter: PA, 3.07 +/- 0.69 microm; PB, 2.82 +/- 0.37 microm; TA, 3.25 +/- 0.82 microm and @entity4 , 2.82 +/- 0.56 microm; density: PA, 7.11 +/- 1.90 stomata.1000 microm(-2); PB, 8.76 +/- 1.45 stomata.1000 microm(-2); TA, 6.55 +/- 1.44 stomata.1000 microm(-2)and @entity4 , 8.76+/-1.79 stomata.1000 microm(-2)), as compared with the model group (diameter: 2.00+/-0.52 microm density: 4.45+/-1.05 stomata.1000 microm(-2)). After treatment, the urinary volume and @entity2 ion excretion increased in the experimental groups (PA, 231.28+/-41.09 mmol.L(-1); PB, 171.69 +/- 27.48 mmol.L(-1) and TA, 231.44 +/- 34.12 mmol.L(-1)), which were significantly different with those in the model group (129.33 +/- 36.75 mmol.L(-1)). CONCLUSION: Chinese herbal medicine has marked effects in alleviating @entity3 , regulating peritoneal lymphatic stomata, improving the drainage of @entity1 from peritoneal cavity and causing increase of urinary volume and @entity2 ion excretion to reduce the water and @entity2 retention, and thus have favorable therapeutic effect in treating @entity1 .

title: Regulating effect of Chinese herbal medicine on the peritoneal lymphatic stomata in enhancing XXXX absorption of experimental hepatofibrotic @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To observe the regulatory effect of Chinese herbal medicine on peritoneal lymphatic stomata and its significance in treating @entity1 in @entity3 model @entity0 . METHODS: Two Chinese herbal composite prescriptions were used separately to treat the @entity5 -induced @entity0 model of @entity3 . The histo-pathologic changes of the liver sections (HE and VG stainings) were observed. The peritoneal lymphatic stomata was detected by scanning electron microscopy and computer image processing. The changes of urinary volume and @entity2 ion concentration were measured. RESULTS: In the model group, lots of fibrous tissue formed in liver and extended into the hepatic lobules to separate them incompletely. In the treated and prevention groups, the histo-pathologic changes of liver was rather milder, only showed much less fibrous tissue proliferation in the hepatic lobules. The peritoneal lymphatic stomata enlarged with increased density in the experimental groups (diameter: PA, 3.07 +/- 0.69 microm; PB, 2.82 +/- 0.37 microm; TA, 3.25 +/- 0.82 microm and @entity4 , 2.82 +/- 0.56 microm; density: PA, 7.11 +/- 1.90 stomata.1000 microm(-2); PB, 8.76 +/- 1.45 stomata.1000 microm(-2); TA, 6.55 +/- 1.44 stomata.1000 microm(-2)and @entity4 , 8.76+/-1.79 stomata.1000 microm(-2)), as compared with the model group (diameter: 2.00+/-0.52 microm density: 4.45+/-1.05 stomata.1000 microm(-2)). After treatment, the urinary volume and @entity2 ion excretion increased in the experimental groups (PA, 231.28+/-41.09 mmol.L(-1); PB, 171.69 +/- 27.48 mmol.L(-1) and TA, 231.44 +/- 34.12 mmol.L(-1)), which were significantly different with those in the model group (129.33 +/- 36.75 mmol.L(-1)). CONCLUSION: Chinese herbal medicine has marked effects in alleviating @entity3 , regulating peritoneal lymphatic stomata, improving the drainage of @entity1 from peritoneal cavity and causing increase of urinary volume and @entity2 ion excretion to reduce the water and @entity2 retention, and thus have favorable therapeutic effect in treating @entity1 .

title: Regulating effect of Chinese herbal medicine on the peritoneal lymphatic stomata in enhancing @entity1 absorption of experimental hepatofibrotic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the present study, we examined the feasibility of using recombinant antibodies containing @entity1 variable regions and @entity0 constant regions as calibrators or controls in immunoassays. As a model system, we chose the Abbott IMx Toxo immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Toxo IgG assays designed to detect antibodies to @entity2 . Two mouse monoclonal antibodies were selected based on their reactivity to the T. gondii antigens @entity3 and @entity4 . Heavy- and light-chain variable-region genes were cloned from both hybridomas and transferred into immunoglobulin expression vectors containing @entity0 kappa and IgG1 or IgM constant regions. The constructs were stably transfected into Sp2/0-Ag14 cells. In the IMx Toxo IgG assay, immunoreactivity of the anti- @entity3 chimeric IgG1 antibody paralleled that of the positive @entity0 plasma-derived assay calibrators. Signal generated with the anti- @entity4 chimeric IgG1 antibody was observed to plateau below the maximal reactivity observed for the assay calibrator. Examination of the IgM chimeric antibodies in the IMx Toxo IgM assay revealed that both the anti- @entity3 and anti- @entity4 antibodies matched the assay index calibrator manufactured with @entity0 Toxo IgM-positive plasma. When evaluated with @entity0 samples, the correlation between results obtained with the chimeric antibody calibrators and the positive @entity0 plasma calibrators was > or =0.985. These data demonstrate that chimeric mouse-human antibodies are a viable alternative to high-titer positive @entity0 plasma for the manufacture of calibrators and controls for diagnostic assays.

title: Recombinant @entity1 -human chimeric antibodies as calibrators in immunoassays that measure antibodies to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the present study, we examined the feasibility of using recombinant antibodies containing @entity1 variable regions and @entity0 constant regions as calibrators or controls in immunoassays. As a model system, we chose the Abbott IMx Toxo immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Toxo IgG assays designed to detect antibodies to @entity2 . Two mouse monoclonal antibodies were selected based on their reactivity to the T. gondii antigens @entity3 and @entity4 . Heavy- and light-chain variable-region genes were cloned from both hybridomas and transferred into immunoglobulin expression vectors containing @entity0 kappa and IgG1 or IgM constant regions. The constructs were stably transfected into Sp2/0-Ag14 cells. In the IMx Toxo IgG assay, immunoreactivity of the anti- @entity3 chimeric IgG1 antibody paralleled that of the positive @entity0 plasma-derived assay calibrators. Signal generated with the anti- @entity4 chimeric IgG1 antibody was observed to plateau below the maximal reactivity observed for the assay calibrator. Examination of the IgM chimeric antibodies in the IMx Toxo IgM assay revealed that both the anti- @entity3 and anti- @entity4 antibodies matched the assay index calibrator manufactured with @entity0 Toxo IgM-positive plasma. When evaluated with @entity0 samples, the correlation between results obtained with the chimeric antibody calibrators and the positive @entity0 plasma calibrators was > or =0.985. These data demonstrate that chimeric mouse-human antibodies are a viable alternative to high-titer positive @entity0 plasma for the manufacture of calibrators and controls for diagnostic assays.

title: Recombinant XXXX -human chimeric antibodies as calibrators in immunoassays that measure antibodies to @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10 ( @entity9 ) deficiency leading to @entity7 has been related to @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Here we investigate whether @entity9 is related to clinical profiles and vasoactive factors in early onset severe @entity5 @entity0 . METHODS: 28 severe @entity5 @entity0 and 20 uncomplicated normal pregnant @entity0 , with gestational weeks between 24 and 32weeks, were recruited. All cases and controls had singleton pregnancies and were matched for maternal age, parity, body mass index, and gestational weeks. Plasma levels of @entity9 , @entity1 (E2), soluble Fms-like @entity8 kinase-1 (sFLT-1), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity4 (NO) were determined. RESULTS: @entity5 @entity0 had significant lower @entity9 [906(422-1768) vs. 2032(1400-2910)pg/mL, P=0.002], higher sFLT-1 [5.55(3.24-11.22) vs. 3.13(2.17-5.36)ng/mL, P=0.015] and higher NO [122.40(72.92-168.23) vs. 45.83(25.52-61.46) mol/L, P=0.0008] levels in their plasma than the controls. In the @entity5 group, plasma @entity9 level correlated negatively with systolic pressure (r=-0.48, P=0.012), diastolic pressure (r=-0.52, P=0.007) and mean arterial pressure (r=-0.54, P=0.005) even after controlling for maternal age; @entity9 level did not correlate with @entity3 , plasma levels of E2, sFLT-1, @entity6 or NO. In the control group, plasma @entity9 level did not correlate with any of the above clinical profiles or laboratory measurements. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 levels were markedly lower in early onset severe @entity5 and they correlated inversely with blood pressure only in @entity0 with @entity5 . Although we cannot tell whether lower @entity9 level is the causation or the result of @entity5 , our study provides clinical evidences that @entity9 deficiency is strongly related to @entity2 in early onset severe @entity5 @entity0 .

title: XXXX deficiency is strongly related to @entity2 in early onset severe @entity5 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10 ( @entity9 ) deficiency leading to @entity7 has been related to @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Here we investigate whether @entity9 is related to clinical profiles and vasoactive factors in early onset severe @entity5 @entity0 . METHODS: 28 severe @entity5 @entity0 and 20 uncomplicated normal pregnant @entity0 , with gestational weeks between 24 and 32weeks, were recruited. All cases and controls had singleton pregnancies and were matched for maternal age, parity, body mass index, and gestational weeks. Plasma levels of @entity9 , @entity1 (E2), soluble Fms-like @entity8 kinase-1 (sFLT-1), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity4 (NO) were determined. RESULTS: @entity5 @entity0 had significant lower @entity9 [906(422-1768) vs. 2032(1400-2910)pg/mL, P=0.002], higher sFLT-1 [5.55(3.24-11.22) vs. 3.13(2.17-5.36)ng/mL, P=0.015] and higher NO [122.40(72.92-168.23) vs. 45.83(25.52-61.46) mol/L, P=0.0008] levels in their plasma than the controls. In the @entity5 group, plasma @entity9 level correlated negatively with systolic pressure (r=-0.48, P=0.012), diastolic pressure (r=-0.52, P=0.007) and mean arterial pressure (r=-0.54, P=0.005) even after controlling for maternal age; @entity9 level did not correlate with @entity3 , plasma levels of E2, sFLT-1, @entity6 or NO. In the control group, plasma @entity9 level did not correlate with any of the above clinical profiles or laboratory measurements. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 levels were markedly lower in early onset severe @entity5 and they correlated inversely with blood pressure only in @entity0 with @entity5 . Although we cannot tell whether lower @entity9 level is the causation or the result of @entity5 , our study provides clinical evidences that @entity9 deficiency is strongly related to @entity2 in early onset severe @entity5 @entity0 .

title: @entity10 deficiency is strongly related to @entity2 in early onset severe XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10 ( @entity9 ) deficiency leading to @entity7 has been related to @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Here we investigate whether @entity9 is related to clinical profiles and vasoactive factors in early onset severe @entity5 @entity0 . METHODS: 28 severe @entity5 @entity0 and 20 uncomplicated normal pregnant @entity0 , with gestational weeks between 24 and 32weeks, were recruited. All cases and controls had singleton pregnancies and were matched for maternal age, parity, body mass index, and gestational weeks. Plasma levels of @entity9 , @entity1 (E2), soluble Fms-like @entity8 kinase-1 (sFLT-1), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity4 (NO) were determined. RESULTS: @entity5 @entity0 had significant lower @entity9 [906(422-1768) vs. 2032(1400-2910)pg/mL, P=0.002], higher sFLT-1 [5.55(3.24-11.22) vs. 3.13(2.17-5.36)ng/mL, P=0.015] and higher NO [122.40(72.92-168.23) vs. 45.83(25.52-61.46) mol/L, P=0.0008] levels in their plasma than the controls. In the @entity5 group, plasma @entity9 level correlated negatively with systolic pressure (r=-0.48, P=0.012), diastolic pressure (r=-0.52, P=0.007) and mean arterial pressure (r=-0.54, P=0.005) even after controlling for maternal age; @entity9 level did not correlate with @entity3 , plasma levels of E2, sFLT-1, @entity6 or NO. In the control group, plasma @entity9 level did not correlate with any of the above clinical profiles or laboratory measurements. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 levels were markedly lower in early onset severe @entity5 and they correlated inversely with blood pressure only in @entity0 with @entity5 . Although we cannot tell whether lower @entity9 level is the causation or the result of @entity5 , our study provides clinical evidences that @entity9 deficiency is strongly related to @entity2 in early onset severe @entity5 @entity0 .

title: @entity10 deficiency is strongly related to XXXX in early onset severe @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 are widely used to relieve signs and symptoms arising from many diseases, including common inflammatory and @entity8 affecting a number of organ systems. However, @entity5 also induce significant adverse effects; in particular, a range of severe @entity2 adverse effects may occur including @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity1 . These adverse effects occur in up to 60% of @entity0 taking @entity5 and recent studies show an increased rate of psychopathologies in this population. Long-term adverse effects on mood and behavior are severely debilitating, thereby influencing the quality of life, employment and health status of individuals taking @entity5 . Strategies used to manage @entity4 -induced @entity2 disturbances through psychotropic drugs vary significantly. This commentary summarizes existing literature on mechanisms underlying @entity4 -induced @entity2 adverse effects and evidence associated with using psychotropic drugs to manage these effects. Despite its importance, there is an absolute dearth in the literature examining pharmacists' understanding and perceptions of @entity2 adverse effects of @entity5 . Educational programs need to be implemented so that pharmacists can counsel @entity0 about how to recognize @entity4 -induced @entity2 disturbances. Physicians do not consistently alert @entity0 to watch for behavioral changes, and @entity0 may feel that mood changes they experience fall within the category of 'normal behavior,' and thus are less likely to report them. Given that @entity0 taking @entity5 usually have complex medical histories, discussions of adverse effects with pharmacists are vital to improve health outcomes in this population.

title: @entity4 -induced XXXX disturbances: It is time for pharmacists to take notice.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 are widely used to relieve signs and symptoms arising from many diseases, including common inflammatory and @entity8 affecting a number of organ systems. However, @entity5 also induce significant adverse effects; in particular, a range of severe @entity2 adverse effects may occur including @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity1 . These adverse effects occur in up to 60% of @entity0 taking @entity5 and recent studies show an increased rate of psychopathologies in this population. Long-term adverse effects on mood and behavior are severely debilitating, thereby influencing the quality of life, employment and health status of individuals taking @entity5 . Strategies used to manage @entity4 -induced @entity2 disturbances through psychotropic drugs vary significantly. This commentary summarizes existing literature on mechanisms underlying @entity4 -induced @entity2 adverse effects and evidence associated with using psychotropic drugs to manage these effects. Despite its importance, there is an absolute dearth in the literature examining pharmacists' understanding and perceptions of @entity2 adverse effects of @entity5 . Educational programs need to be implemented so that pharmacists can counsel @entity0 about how to recognize @entity4 -induced @entity2 disturbances. Physicians do not consistently alert @entity0 to watch for behavioral changes, and @entity0 may feel that mood changes they experience fall within the category of 'normal behavior,' and thus are less likely to report them. Given that @entity0 taking @entity5 usually have complex medical histories, discussions of adverse effects with pharmacists are vital to improve health outcomes in this population.

title: XXXX -induced @entity2 disturbances: It is time for pharmacists to take notice.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is associated with increased risks to mother and @entity0 , but globally agreed diagnostic criteria remain elusive. Identification of @entity0 with @entity1 is important, as treatment reduces adverse outcomes such as perinatal @entity2 , shoulder @entity4 and @entity6 . Recently, the UK's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommended new diagnostic thresholds for @entity1 which are different from the International Association of the @entity1 Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria endorsed by the WHO. The study aim was to assess neonatal and obstetric outcomes among @entity0 who would test positive for the IADPSG criteria but negative for the NICE 2015 criteria. METHODS: Data from 25,543 consecutive singleton live births (2004-2008) were obtained retrospectively from hospital records. @entity0 were screened with a random plasma @entity3 (RPG; 12-16  weeks) and a 50  g @entity3 challenge test (GCT; 26-28  weeks). If RPG >7.0  mmol/l, GCT >7.7  mmol/l or symptoms were present, a 75  g OGTT was offered (n   =   3,848). RESULTS: In this study, @entity1 prevalence was 4.13% (NICE 2015) and 4.62% (IADPSG). @entity0 who 'fell through the net', testing NICE-negative but IADPSG-positive (n   =   387), had a higher risk of having a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) @entity0 (birthweight >90th percentile for gestational age; adjusted OR [95% CI] 3.12 [2.44, 3.98]), Caesarean delivery (1.44 [1.15, 1.81]) and @entity5 (6.90 [3.94, 12.08]) compared with @entity0 with negative screening results and no OGTT (n   =   21,695). LGA risk was highest among @entity0 with fasting plasma @entity3 5.1-5.5  mmol/l (n   =   167): the mean birthweight was 350  g above that of the reference population and 37.7% of @entity0 were LGA. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The IADPSG criteria identify @entity0 at substantial risk of complications who would not be identified by the NICE 2015 criteria.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX : falling through the net.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 [ @entity3 ] is often managed with preoperative radiotherapy or radio-chemotherapy followed by @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Efforts are being made to improve outcome by intensifying the preoperative treatment. However, the optimum therapy remains unclear. There is ongoing controversy regarding the optimum radiation dose, chemotherapy regimen and schedule. In addition there exists growing disagreement regarding the role of adjuvant chemotherapy after neoadjuvant radiation or chemoradiation. METHODOLOGY: We reviewed the recent land mark trials to find a road map in the management of locally advanced @entity3 . RESULTS: Preoperative short course radiotherapy has long been proven to improve @entity1 control. The initial trials with long course chemoradiotherapy, comparing short course radiotherapy have shown to increase local control and pathological complete response rates. Since then treatment intensification of this neoadjuvant schedule has been tried by many researchers. But initial results of these treatment intensification trials, show no significant benefit and are associated with increased @entity2 . There is an unmet need to stratify @entity0 depending on risk to assign them to long course chemoradiotherapy or short course radiotherapy. Current evidence does not support the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity0 who were treated with preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Preoperative radiotherapy appears to improve disease control with favorable @entity2 profile and there is very little to choose between long course chemoradiotherapy and short course radiotherapy. However, long course chemoradiotherapy may be beneficial for @entity0 with high risk features like positive circumferential resection margin [CRM] and extramural spread of >5mm. There is no role for adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity0 who were treated preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy.

title: Neoadjuvant treatment intensification or adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced XXXX rectum: The optimum treatment approach remains unresolved.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pediatric @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is caused by congenital intrinsic narrowing and/or a lower pole-crossing renal artery. When a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is missed at the time of pyeloplasty, a redo-pyeloplasty is often required. OBJECTIVES: The aims were to analyze clinical predictors for the presence of a @entity1 in @entity4 and the utility of functional magnetic resonance urography (fMRU) in preoperative identification of a crossing vessel. METHODS: Using an Institutional Review Board approved registry database, we identified 166 @entity0 from July of 2007 until January of 2014 who had undergone open, laparoscopic, or robotic assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty at our institution. We abstracted data including age at surgery, preoperative symptoms, preoperative imaging findings, and whether or not a @entity1 was identified intraoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Of the 166 @entity0 identified, 78 were found to have a @entity1 at the time of surgery and 88 did not. The surgical approach was distributed as 104 robotic assisted laparoscopic, 51 open, and 11 pure laparoscopic. On univariate analysis, older age at presentation and @entity2 at presentation predicted the presence of a @entity1 ; antenatal @entity3 was a negative predictor, though 20 of 68 (25.6%) @entity0 diagnosed with @entity4 antenatally did have a @entity1 . Subgroup analysis of @entity0 undergoing preoperative MRU showed a sensitivity of 88.2% and specificity of 91.7% for the detection of CRVs. DISCUSSION: This study confirmed the importance of looking for a crossing vessel in all cases, with the knowledge that increased age and @entity2 at presentation were more likely to be associated with a crossing vessel. In addition, fMRU is a valuable source of information in the preoperative identification of the presence of a crossing vessel. The study has limitations including being retrospective in nature, and that the sensitivity of fMRU to identify CRVs was based on the read of an experienced uroradiologist who specializes in MRU, so may not correlate with the standard clinical read of an fMRU. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the need to maintain a high index of suspicion for the presence of a @entity1 when intervening in a clinically symptomatic older @entity0 , although 25% of @entity0 with antenatally detected @entity4 did have one too. Our subset analysis demonstrated that MRU is a reliable method of detecting crossing vessels.

title: Detection of crossing vessels in pediatric XXXX : Clinical patterns and imaging findings.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a common complication in surgical @entity0 , especially those undergoing lower limb orthopaedic procedures as well as oncological resectional surgery. Numerous studies have evaluated the role of @entity1 ( @entity4 , @entity1 ) in primary @entity3 prevention, with contradictory results reflected in divergent guidelines. We reviewed current evidence for @entity4 as primary @entity3 . METHODS: English language studies meeting our inclusion criteria were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Six studies (3 meta-analyses and 3 randomized trials) comparing @entity4 with placebo and 7 studies (1 meta-analysis, 5 randomized trials, and 1 prospective) comparing @entity4 with other anticoagulants were included in the final analysis. Retrospective studies and case reports were excluded. RESULTS: @entity4 is more effective than placebo in primary @entity3 prevention. Although there is clinical equipoise when @entity4 is compared with other anticoagulants, studies specific to orthopaedic surgery suggest that @entity4 appears as effective as low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and may reduce @entity2 risk. Extended prophylaxis up to 4 weeks post surgery reduces @entity3 episodes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 may be considered as a potential strategy in primary @entity3 in orthopaedic @entity0 at high-risk of @entity2 complications. Further studies comparing @entity4 with LMWH/oral anticoagulants in primary thromboprophylaxis following non-orthopaedic surgery are warranted.

title: XXXX in the primary prophylaxis of @entity3 in surgical @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a common complication in surgical @entity0 , especially those undergoing lower limb orthopaedic procedures as well as oncological resectional surgery. Numerous studies have evaluated the role of @entity1 ( @entity4 , @entity1 ) in primary @entity3 prevention, with contradictory results reflected in divergent guidelines. We reviewed current evidence for @entity4 as primary @entity3 . METHODS: English language studies meeting our inclusion criteria were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Six studies (3 meta-analyses and 3 randomized trials) comparing @entity4 with placebo and 7 studies (1 meta-analysis, 5 randomized trials, and 1 prospective) comparing @entity4 with other anticoagulants were included in the final analysis. Retrospective studies and case reports were excluded. RESULTS: @entity4 is more effective than placebo in primary @entity3 prevention. Although there is clinical equipoise when @entity4 is compared with other anticoagulants, studies specific to orthopaedic surgery suggest that @entity4 appears as effective as low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and may reduce @entity2 risk. Extended prophylaxis up to 4 weeks post surgery reduces @entity3 episodes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 may be considered as a potential strategy in primary @entity3 in orthopaedic @entity0 at high-risk of @entity2 complications. Further studies comparing @entity4 with LMWH/oral anticoagulants in primary thromboprophylaxis following non-orthopaedic surgery are warranted.

title: @entity1 in the primary prophylaxis of XXXX in surgical @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a common complication in surgical @entity0 , especially those undergoing lower limb orthopaedic procedures as well as oncological resectional surgery. Numerous studies have evaluated the role of @entity1 ( @entity4 , @entity1 ) in primary @entity3 prevention, with contradictory results reflected in divergent guidelines. We reviewed current evidence for @entity4 as primary @entity3 . METHODS: English language studies meeting our inclusion criteria were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Six studies (3 meta-analyses and 3 randomized trials) comparing @entity4 with placebo and 7 studies (1 meta-analysis, 5 randomized trials, and 1 prospective) comparing @entity4 with other anticoagulants were included in the final analysis. Retrospective studies and case reports were excluded. RESULTS: @entity4 is more effective than placebo in primary @entity3 prevention. Although there is clinical equipoise when @entity4 is compared with other anticoagulants, studies specific to orthopaedic surgery suggest that @entity4 appears as effective as low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and may reduce @entity2 risk. Extended prophylaxis up to 4 weeks post surgery reduces @entity3 episodes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 may be considered as a potential strategy in primary @entity3 in orthopaedic @entity0 at high-risk of @entity2 complications. Further studies comparing @entity4 with LMWH/oral anticoagulants in primary thromboprophylaxis following non-orthopaedic surgery are warranted.

title: @entity1 in the primary prophylaxis of @entity3 in surgical XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of temporary internal distraction corrective surgery for extremely severe @entity4 . METHODS: Eleven @entity4 @entity0 (3 males and 8 females) with curves >= 130   (mean 148.8  ; range 130  -157  ) who underwent a two-stage surgery, including a posterior temporary internal distraction correction and definitive posterior spinal correction with posterior pedicle screw instrumentation from 2008 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Minimum follow-up was 2-years (mean 41.8  months; range 27.0-63.0  months). The analysis focused on the impact of temporary internal distraction on curve correction, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), complications and surgical outcomes. Neurosurveillance of sensory (somatosensory-evoked potentials) and motor (motor-evoked potentials) potential was performed in all cases. Posterior instrumentation was used in all @entity0 . RESULTS: After the use of internal distraction, the preoperative major curve (mean 148.8  ; range 130  -157  ) was corrected to a mean of 79   (range 63  -87  ), the T5-T12 @entity3 Cobb angle (mean 79  ; range 30  -97  ) was corrected to a mean of 59   (range 20  -75  ), the coronal imbalance (mean 0.8  cm; range -3.6 to 2.8  cm) was improved to a mean of 0.6  cm (range -1.5 to 2.0  cm), the forced vital capacity percentage (FVC%) was improved from 59.3      11.6 to 68.7      13.7, and the forced expiratory volume in 1  s (FEV1%) was improved from 61.4      13.6 to 71.3      9.3. The average increase in body height was 6.7  cm, and the dorsum razor was corrected to 3-5  cm. During definitive surgery, the final major curves were corrected to a mean of 55   (range 32  -72  ), the T5-T12 @entity3 Cobb was corrected to 35   (range 15  -68  ), the coronal imbalance was improved to 0.5  cm (range -1.2 to 1.8  cm), the FVC% was improved to 71.2      8.3, the FEV1% was improved to 76.3      16.7, the increase in body height was 3.1  cm, and the dorsum razor was corrected to 1-3  cm. The mean interval time between the two surgeries was 3.5  months. None of the @entity0 exhibited @entity1 or @entity2 . No instrument complications were found during the final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Temporary internal distraction in a two-stage corrective surgery provided @entity0 who had extremely severe and @entity5 , an effective and safe solution for @entity4 without significant complications.

title: The impact of posterior temporary internal distraction on stepwise corrective surgery for extremely severe and XXXX greater than 130  .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Neutrophil activation with the release of intracellular granule contents has been observed in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Because @entity5 ( @entity5 ), a 5-lipoxygenase metabolite of @entity2 in neutrophils, is a chemoattractant and enhances neutrophil adhesion to endothelium, we assessed plasma levels of this metabolite in controls (n = 9) and individuals with @entity3 , SS genotype, both in basal "steady state" (n = 37) and during episodes of vaso-occlusion (n = 10) and @entity4 (n = 5). Thirteen @entity0 with @entity3 , SC genotype, in steady state were also studied. Although no significant differences were noted between the control (136 +/- 32 fmol/mL) and SC genotype (177 +/- 83 fmol/mL, P >.15), @entity5 levels were markedly increased in @entity0 with SS genotype in basal steady state (207 +/- 64 fmol/mL, P <.003) compared with those in controls. Values were further increased during vaso-occlusion (264 +/- 94 fmol/mL) and @entity4 (363 +/- 124 fmol/mL). These levels were significantly different from measurements taken during steady state (P <.04 and P <.0001, respectively). No correlation was noted between LTB(4) level and total white cell or neutrophil count. Additionally, the significant correlation noted in @entity3 between increased levels of plasma @entity5 and soluble @entity1 (P <.03) reflects neutrophil activation. We also observed an effect of @entity5 on red cell-endothelial adhesion at concentrations that appear clinically relevant (1-10 pmol/mL) with concomitant up-regulation of mRNA for the endothelial vitronectin receptor. These properties of @entity5 are relevant to disease pathophysiology, providing further evidence of the contribution of the neutrophil to the proinflammatory and proadhesive phenotype in @entity3 .

title: Eicosanoids in XXXX : potential relevance of neutrophil leukotriene B4 to disease pathophysiology.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Postpartum @entity1 lead to @entity2 and disturbed mother- @entity0 relationships, but information regarding the rates of @entity1 in minority @entity0 is noticeably lacking. The goal of this study was to determine whether the risk factors for and rate of postpartum @entity1 in a predominantly African American and Hispanic clinic population would be similar to those reported for Caucasian @entity0 . METHOD: Investigators systematically screened all @entity0 scheduled for their first postpartum visit on selected days at four publicly funded inner-city community maternal health clinics in Dallas County (N=802). A multistage screening process included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV for a maximum of three assessments during the initial 3-5-week postpartum period. RESULTS: The estimated rate of @entity1 during the postpartum period among @entity0 in this setting was between 6.5% and 8.5%. Only 50% of the @entity1 @entity0 reported onset following birth. Bottle-feeding and not living with one's spouse or significant other were associated with @entity1 at the first evaluation; persistent @entity1 were linked with the presence of other young @entity0 at home. Greater severity of @entity1 at first contact predicted @entity1 several weeks later. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of postpartum @entity1 among Latina and African American postpartum @entity0 are similar to epidemiologic rates for Caucasian postpartum and nonpostpartum @entity0 . As previously shown for Caucasian @entity0 , @entity1 in many Latina and African American postpartum @entity0 begins before delivery, revealing the need to screen pregnant @entity0 for @entity1 .

title: Onset and persistence of postpartum XXXX in an inner-city maternal health clinic system.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 occurs later and is less extensive in intracranial arteries than in extracranial arteries. However, the mechanisms responsible are poorly understood. A previous study has suggested a better antioxidant protection of intracranial arteries. METHODS: To assess the influence of age on arterial activity of antioxidant enzymes and atherogenesis, we compared intracranial and extracranial arteries of @entity0 of different ages who retrospectively lacked confounding classic risk factors (48 premature fetuses aged 6.4+/-0.8 months [mean+/-SD], 58 @entity0 aged 7.9+/-3.8 years, 42 adults aged 42.5+/-5.1 years, and 40 elderly subjects aged 71.8+/-3.4 years; all males). Lesions were quantified by computer-assisted imaging analysis of sections of the middle cerebral and basilar arteries, the left anterior descending coronary artery, the common carotid artery, and the abdominal aorta. Macrophages, @entity2 , oxidized LDL, and @entity3 in lesions were determined by immunocytochemistry. The effect of aging on atherogenesis was then compared with that on the activity of 4 antioxidant enzymes in the arterial wall. RESULTS: @entity1 was 6- to 19-fold greater (P<0.01) in extracranial arteries than in intracranial arteries, and it increased linearly with age. Intracranial arteries showed significantly greater antioxidant enzyme activities than did extracranial arteries. However, the antioxidant protection of intracranial arteries decreased significantly in older age, coinciding with a marked acceleration of atherogenesis. An increase in @entity3 protein expression and in gelatinolytic activity consistent with the degree of @entity4 was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a greater activity of antioxidant enzymes in intracranial arteries may contribute to their greater resistance to atherogenesis and that with increasing age intracranial arteries respond with accelerated atherogenesis when their antioxidant protection decreases relatively more than that of extracranial arteries.

title: Age-related effects on atherogenesis and scavenger enzymes of intracranial and extracranial arteries in @entity0 without classic risk factors for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 occurs later and is less extensive in intracranial arteries than in extracranial arteries. However, the mechanisms responsible are poorly understood. A previous study has suggested a better antioxidant protection of intracranial arteries. METHODS: To assess the influence of age on arterial activity of antioxidant enzymes and atherogenesis, we compared intracranial and extracranial arteries of @entity0 of different ages who retrospectively lacked confounding classic risk factors (48 premature fetuses aged 6.4+/-0.8 months [mean+/-SD], 58 @entity0 aged 7.9+/-3.8 years, 42 adults aged 42.5+/-5.1 years, and 40 elderly subjects aged 71.8+/-3.4 years; all males). Lesions were quantified by computer-assisted imaging analysis of sections of the middle cerebral and basilar arteries, the left anterior descending coronary artery, the common carotid artery, and the abdominal aorta. Macrophages, @entity2 , oxidized LDL, and @entity3 in lesions were determined by immunocytochemistry. The effect of aging on atherogenesis was then compared with that on the activity of 4 antioxidant enzymes in the arterial wall. RESULTS: @entity1 was 6- to 19-fold greater (P<0.01) in extracranial arteries than in intracranial arteries, and it increased linearly with age. Intracranial arteries showed significantly greater antioxidant enzyme activities than did extracranial arteries. However, the antioxidant protection of intracranial arteries decreased significantly in older age, coinciding with a marked acceleration of atherogenesis. An increase in @entity3 protein expression and in gelatinolytic activity consistent with the degree of @entity4 was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a greater activity of antioxidant enzymes in intracranial arteries may contribute to their greater resistance to atherogenesis and that with increasing age intracranial arteries respond with accelerated atherogenesis when their antioxidant protection decreases relatively more than that of extracranial arteries.

title: Age-related effects on atherogenesis and scavenger enzymes of intracranial and extracranial arteries in XXXX without classic risk factors for @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and @entity6 (tPA) are the major regulators of @entity5 generation. Glomerular @entity9 /tPA balance is involved in extracellular matrix turnover, as well as fibrin deposition in glomeruli. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from 80 @entity0 with either primary or secondary @entity3 (10 @entity0 , minimal @entity7 ; 6 @entity0 , @entity2 [ @entity2 ]; 10 @entity0 , @entity1 [ @entity1 ]; 24 @entity0 , mesangial proliferative @entity3 ; 15 @entity0 , @entity8 ; 14 @entity0 , @entity10 ; and 1 @entity0 , @entity3 ). We quantified glomerular @entity9 and tPA messenger RNA (mRNA) by competitive polymerase chain reaction. We also determined @entity9 mRNA localization by in situ hybridization. Glomerular @entity9 mRNA levels in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity1 were significantly greater than those of controls. There was a sixfold increase in @entity9 -tPA mRNA ratio in @entity0 with @entity1 compared with the control group. In addition, glomerular @entity9 mRNA level correlated with level of @entity4 . Conversely, there was no difference in tPA mRNA levels among types of @entity3 . These results suggest that suppressed glomerular fibrinolytic and proteolytic activity may be associated with the pathogenesis of @entity3 , especially in @entity2 and @entity1 .

title: Expression of glomerular @entity9 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and @entity6 (tPA) are the major regulators of @entity5 generation. Glomerular @entity9 /tPA balance is involved in extracellular matrix turnover, as well as fibrin deposition in glomeruli. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from 80 @entity0 with either primary or secondary @entity3 (10 @entity0 , minimal @entity7 ; 6 @entity0 , @entity2 [ @entity2 ]; 10 @entity0 , @entity1 [ @entity1 ]; 24 @entity0 , mesangial proliferative @entity3 ; 15 @entity0 , @entity8 ; 14 @entity0 , @entity10 ; and 1 @entity0 , @entity3 ). We quantified glomerular @entity9 and tPA messenger RNA (mRNA) by competitive polymerase chain reaction. We also determined @entity9 mRNA localization by in situ hybridization. Glomerular @entity9 mRNA levels in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity1 were significantly greater than those of controls. There was a sixfold increase in @entity9 -tPA mRNA ratio in @entity0 with @entity1 compared with the control group. In addition, glomerular @entity9 mRNA level correlated with level of @entity4 . Conversely, there was no difference in tPA mRNA levels among types of @entity3 . These results suggest that suppressed glomerular fibrinolytic and proteolytic activity may be associated with the pathogenesis of @entity3 , especially in @entity2 and @entity1 .

title: Expression of glomerular XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity2 remains the most common cause of @entity3 in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Although several predictors of @entity3 have been reported, identifying individuals most at risk remains difficult. Previous studies in nonuremic populations have associated cardiac mortality, in particular @entity7 , with @entity8 (QTd); defined as the difference between the maximal and minimal QT interval on a standard electrocardiogram. The present study aimed to determine the prognostic value of QTd and corrected QTd (QTdc) in predicting @entity2 , and @entity6 -related mortality in @entity4 @entity0 initiating dialysis. The study was a retrospective cohort of adult @entity4 @entity0 starting peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis between 1990 and 1994. Statistical analysis was by Cox proportional hazard modeling and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Primary study endpoints were @entity2 , and @entity6 -related mortality. Nonfatal @entity2 were a secondary endpoint. A total of 147 @entity0 were studied for a period of 5 to 9 years. In Cox modeling, QTdc was an independent predictor of total (relative risk [RR] = 1.53; difference for RR = 50 msec; P = 0.0001) and cardiovascular mortality (RR = 1.57; difference for RR = 50 msec; P = 0.028) and trended toward @entity6 -related mortality (P = 0.061). Total mortality also was predicted independently by lack of renal transplantation, radiographic @entity9 , and predialysis serum albumin. In multivariate analysis, QTdc was associated weakly with serum @entity5 , mean QT interval, and presence of @entity1 . QTdc may be a useful marker for identifying dialysis @entity0 at an increased risk for overall and cardiovascular mortality.

title: Value of corrected QT interval dispersion in identifying XXXX initiating dialysis at increased risk of total and cardiovascular mortality.

answer: @entity0


abstract: It is not known to what extent intravascular phenotypic alterations in adhesion molecule expression induced by hemodialysis influence the recruitment of granulocytes and their ability to up-regulate @entity3 at the local site of @entity1 in the interstitium. We used a skin suction chamber technique to address this issue. Two skin blisters were raised on the forearm of eight hemodialysis @entity0 and eight healthy subjects, and blister exudate was collected (time 0). The two blisters were stimulated with buffer (intermediate @entity1 ) or autologous serum (intense @entity1 ). Then the @entity0 underwent cuprophane hemodialysis for 4 hours. Ten hours after start of dialysis, the exudate was aspirated from each chamber. Granulocyte count and surface expression of @entity3 and @entity2 were analyzed in samples from peripheral blood and blister exudate by flow cytometry. Granulocytes from healthy blood donors were incubated in blister fluid from @entity0 and healthy subjects to determine the local chemotactic activity in terms of @entity3 up-regulation. The expression of @entity3 increased fourfold and @entity2 decreased simultaneously in @entity0 and healthy subjects when cells transmigrated to the unstimulated blister at time 0. At the site of intermediate @entity1 , granulocytes from @entity0 had a significantly lower capacity to mobilize @entity3 compared with cells from healthy subjects (P < 0.001). At the site of intense @entity1 , granulocytes from @entity0 had the capacity to mobilize the receptor and reached values close to those obtained in healthy subjects (P = 0.079). The blister exudate from @entity0 had a similar (at time 0 and intermediate @entity1 ) or higher (intense @entity1 ; P < 0.05) capacity to up-regulate @entity3 on granulocytes in vitro compared with blister exudate from healthy subjects. Granulocytes from hemodialysis @entity0 seem to require a more intense chemotactic stimulus to up-regulate @entity3 at the local site of @entity1 in the interstitium compared with corresponding cells from healthy subjects despite the fact that cells transmigrate in a milieu that contains chemotactic factors with an equal or higher capacity to up-regulate @entity3 . Granulocytes in hemodialysis @entity0 seem to be more refractory to inflammatory stimuli in the interstitium.

title: Hemodialysis-activated granulocytes at the site of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurring breakpoints in chromosome bands 15q13-15 occur infrequently in @entity3 . To the authors' knowledge, the clinical significance of these breakpoints in childhood @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has not been previously investigated. METHODS: Centrally reviewed karyotypes of @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity2 enrolled on @entity0 's @entity1 Group protocols from 1988 to 1995 formed the basis of the current report. Statistical analyses used chi-square tests for homogeneity of proportions, and outcome was analyzed using life table methods and associated statistics. RESULTS: Of 1946 cases with centrally reviewed and accepted cytogenetic analyses, 23 cases (1%) had breakpoints in chromosome bands 15q13-15. Most @entity0 with 15q13-15 breakpoints had standard risk @entity2 , although breakpoints in 15q13-15 occurred more frequently in @entity0 than in older @entity0 . The majority of these @entity0 (16 @entity0 ; 70%) had balanced 15q13-15 rearrangements. Additional chromosomal abnormalities not involving 15q included abnormal 12p, abnormal 9p, Philadelphia chromosome, deletion 6q, and an 11q23 breakpoint. Thirteen (57%) 15q13-15 breakpoints occurred in pseudodiploid karyotypes; five (22%) were in hyperdiploid karyotypes with 47-50 chromosomes; two (9%) were in hyperdiploid karyotypes with > 50 chromosomes; and three (13%) were in hypodiploid karyotypes. Of the 23 @entity0 with 15q13-15 breakpoints, 21 were survivors, 18 survived event-free for 2.2-9.3 years, and 3 were alive 1 to 3 years after a relapse at time of writing. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggests that genes at 15q13-15 may be involved in the leukemogenesis of some cases of @entity2 , but that with current intensive therapy such aberrations do not confer increased risk of treatment failure.

title: Abnormalities of chromosome bands 15q13-15 in childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Information is limited for Asian subgroups regarding survival after diagnosis of the common @entity2 amenable to routine screening. The authors examined survival after @entity4 of the prostate, colon/rectum, breast, and cervix separately for Chinese, Japanese, Filipinos, and non-Hispanic whites in the United States. METHODS: Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, the authors compared the distributions of stage at diagnosis and computed 5-year cause specific survival probabilities, overall and by stage of disease, for @entity2 @entity1 whose diagnosis was in 1988-1994 and who were observed through 1997. RESULTS: Among males, Filipinos were more likely to be diagnosed with advanced stage @entity3 than other Asians and non-Hispanic whites; they also experienced worse survival after these @entity2 . This survival deficit occurred across all stages of @entity3 and remained apparent within distant stage @entity5 . Among females, Chinese were less likely to receive diagnoses of early stage @entity3 than Japanese and Filipinas. In addition, their survival was consistently lower across more advanced stages of disease. Chinese also experienced somewhat worse survival after diagnosis of @entity2 . Japanese were more likely to be diagnosed with early stage @entity4 but also tended to experience better survival after prostate, @entity0 regardless of stage. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese, Japanese, and Filipinos experienced unequal survival after these screenable @entity4 , indicating that certain groups may benefit from more aggressive screening efforts. The heterogeneity of @entity2 outcomes observed within the community classified as Asian reinforces the need for @entity2 statistics to be reported for disaggregated subgroups.

title: Survival differences among Asian subpopulations in the United States after prostate, XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impaired or reduced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) expression in T cells has been identified in various @entity2 and may be associated with an ineffective immune response. The clinical significance of @entity5 chain expression in @entity2 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in @entity3 remains unclear. METHODS: The authors immunohistochemically investigated @entity5 expression in TILs in 185 @entity0 who had undergone curative gastrectomy. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) ratios were calculated. @entity0 were divided into two groups: a normal @entity5 group (n = 121) and a reduced @entity5 group (n = 64). @entity0 with a zeta per epsilon ratio of greater than 66% were placed in the normal @entity5 group. RESULTS: @entity0 in the normal @entity5 group had fewer lymph node @entity1 (P < 0.01) and a shallower depth of invasion (P < 0.05) than those in the reduced @entity5 group. The 5-year survival rate was 72% in the normal @entity5 group, which was significantly better than that in the reduced @entity5 group (55%; P < 0.01). When stratified according to clinical stage, the prognostic value was significantly different only in Stage IV @entity0 . Multivariate analysis showed that @entity5 expression was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.03) next to depth of invasion and lymph node involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced @entity5 expression in TILs was strongly correlated with @entity3 . @entity5 expression in TILs is considered an immunologic, independent prognostic marker in @entity3 @entity0 . @entity5 normalization with cytokine treatment may lead to prolonged survival in advanced @entity3 @entity0 .

title: CD3-zetachain expression of intratumoral lymphocytes is closely related to survival in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impaired or reduced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) expression in T cells has been identified in various @entity2 and may be associated with an ineffective immune response. The clinical significance of @entity5 chain expression in @entity2 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in @entity3 remains unclear. METHODS: The authors immunohistochemically investigated @entity5 expression in TILs in 185 @entity0 who had undergone curative gastrectomy. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) ratios were calculated. @entity0 were divided into two groups: a normal @entity5 group (n = 121) and a reduced @entity5 group (n = 64). @entity0 with a zeta per epsilon ratio of greater than 66% were placed in the normal @entity5 group. RESULTS: @entity0 in the normal @entity5 group had fewer lymph node @entity1 (P < 0.01) and a shallower depth of invasion (P < 0.05) than those in the reduced @entity5 group. The 5-year survival rate was 72% in the normal @entity5 group, which was significantly better than that in the reduced @entity5 group (55%; P < 0.01). When stratified according to clinical stage, the prognostic value was significantly different only in Stage IV @entity0 . Multivariate analysis showed that @entity5 expression was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.03) next to depth of invasion and lymph node involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced @entity5 expression in TILs was strongly correlated with @entity3 . @entity5 expression in TILs is considered an immunologic, independent prognostic marker in @entity3 @entity0 . @entity5 normalization with cytokine treatment may lead to prolonged survival in advanced @entity3 @entity0 .

title: CD3-zetachain expression of intratumoral lymphocytes is closely related to survival in @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity0