abstract: 42 @entity0 suffering from @entity2 involving the bearded area, face and neck ( @entity3 ) were seen in the Clinic between 1970 and 1977. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic examination (KOH) of skin and hair scrapings in all the @entity0 . The material obtained from 39 @entity0 and inoculated gave a positive culture; in were isolated and following fungi: @entity4 -18, @entity5 -16, @entity4 -1, T. violaceum-2, @entity6 -2. From the clinical point of veiw it was possible to classify the @entity0 in 3 main types: --Superficial type-11 @entity0 . --Kerion-10 @entity0 ( @entity5 -9, @entity6 -1). --Nodular type-deep seated nodules, without discharging, very slow evolution - 21 @entity0 ( @entity5 -4, @entity4 -13, @entity4 -1, T. violaceum-1). It was obtained material for histology in 13 @entity0 : 3 suffering from kerion and 10 with the nodular clinical type. The histology of the Kerion type showed a marked inflammatory reaction consisting largely of neutrophils surrounding the hair follicles. Only in one examination, out of the 3 @entity0 studied with Kerion, showed fungi, on PAS. The 10 @entity0 suffering from the nodular type of @entity1 who were studied histologically showed a more or less uniform picture, which consisted in a more deep seated infiltration specially consisting of lymphocytes and plasmocytes, on the derme but not so perifollicular as in Kerion and, in 2 cases, there was a tendency to form a tuberculoid structure. The PAS was positive in 6 @entity0 . The fungi were always intrafollicular. All the @entity0 were treated with griseofulvin 1 gr. per day. All of them healed after a period of 4-8 weeks of treatment.

title: [Sycosis of the beard ( XXXX ). Analysis of 42 cases].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 of the breast, a term which we prefer to that of @entity4 in @entity5 , is a multifocal microscopic entity of uncertain and controversial clinical significance. @entity4 is a incidental histological finding among otherwise benign breast biopsies (0.5%-3.5%) depending mainly upon the diagnostic intensity. Its extent is rarely so massive that it makes up a palpable @entity2 . Although this lesion may be demonstrated at all ages after puberty it occurs most often in premenopausal @entity1 . The multicentricity is not below 70% and bilateral occurrence not below 30-35%. @entity4 in situ means a 7-12 times greater risk of later developing @entity0 as compared with an age corrected general population. Both breast are at risk and about one half of these @entity3 will develop in the controlateral breast. Attempts at correlating the histological appearances in @entity4 with the subsequent occurrence of @entity0 have generally be negative. From this data it appears that ipsilateral mastectomy will protect only one half of @entity1 with @entity4 who will eventually develop @entity3 and the only surgical approach would perform a bilateral mastectomy. As an alternative to mastectomy, a careful program of frequent follow-up examinations, when possible is preferable.

title: [Lobular XXXX of the breast (author's transl)].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Natural killer (NK) cells are the first defense against malignant cells, and their functions are severely impaired in individuals with @entity2 . However, it is not known whether functions can be re-activated after weight loss. The alterations of NK cell functions after fat mass reduction were investigated. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy adults with @entity2 were divided into control and experimental groups. @entity0 of the experimental group performed a 3-month program of exercise training and nutrition. Anthropometric, physiological, and metabolic parameters and plasma adipocytokines were determined. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by means of flow cytometry and Western blot assay for various NK cell-specific functional parameters and leptin signaling components. NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay with leptin stimulation was performed. RESULTS: Male @entity0 significantly decreased their body fat mass (P   <   0.05) and increased physical fitness (P   <   0.05). Plasma leptin levels were significantly reduced (P   <   0.05) and intracellular @entity3 ) expression in CD56(dim) NK cells was significantly increased (P   <   0.001) 3 months after study end. Stimulation of @entity0 cells with different leptin dosages revealed a significant dose-dependent decrease of specific @entity1 cell lysis. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates a reactivation of NK cell functionality after body fat mass reduction in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Decreased NK cell functions in XXXX can be reactivated by fat mass reduction.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of @entity0 with histopathological findings compatible with @entity4 of HNAL @entity0 between 2010-2012. Determine the frequency of alcoholic and @entity5 , presence of @entity2 and other factors associated to @entity5 , its main indications for liver biopsy and biochemical characteristics according to the severity of the histological findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated all histological slides of liver biopsies of the period between 2010-2012, of which, those with the diagnosis of @entity4 were selected. Their medical records were then reviewed. RESULTS: 32 @entity0 met inclusion criteria. 28 were female and 4 male, the average age was 49  12 years. Two @entity0 had a history of chronic @entity3 consumption, representing the group of @entity5 . The more frequent clinical finding in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), was @entity1 (37%). 50% of @entity0 had AST/ALT ratio <1. CONCLUSIONS: Among population studied, @entity5 was more common than @entity5 , being @entity1 the most associated factor.

title: [Clinical and biochemical characteristics in XXXX with histology compatible with steatothepatitis in National Hospital Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Peru, from 2010 to 2012].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Many @entity3 used as anticonvulsants have @entity4 radicals in positions 1 and 4. @entity6 has @entity4 radicals in positions 1 and 5. We studied the antiepileptic effect of clobazam in 36 @entity0 with intractable @entity1 in childhood. Their ages were 1 year 1 month to 16 years 5 months (mean 8 years). The mean initial dose was 0.33 mg/kg of daily doses and increased up to 0.71 mg/kg. Nine cases ( @entity5 2/2, secondary generalized @entity1 7/29) were completely free from @entity2 , and another 9 (secondary generalized @entity1 8/29, @entity1 /5) experienced a decrease of 50% or more in @entity2 frequency. @entity2 frequency did not change in 16, and increased in the other 2 (secondary generalized @entity1 2/29). The antiepileptic effects were observed on the first day to 10th day after clobazam treatment. There were recurrences of @entity2 in 4 out of 9 @entity0 with complete control of @entity2 , 1 month alter in 3 and 10 months later in one. Mean serum clobazam level of 7 improved cases was 73 ng/ml and that of 3 cases with no response was 94 ng/ml. Although mild clinical side effects such as drowsiness were observed transiently in 17 cases, no abnormality was found in laboratory investigations performed.

title: Antiepileptic effects of clobazam in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) requires prompt diagnosis and treatment for optimal management. AIMS: To examine whether a putative "weekend effect" impact outcomes of @entity0 hospitalized for @entity2 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of @entity0 admitted with @entity2 between 2009 and 2012. After excluding those not meeting Tokyo consensus criteria for @entity2 , the cohort was categorized into weekend (Saturday-Sunday) and weekday (Monday-Friday) hospital admission and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) groups. Primary outcome was length of stay (LOS); secondary outcomes included ERC performance, organ failure, and mortality. Groups were compared with Chi-square and t tests; predictors of LOS were assessed with linear regression. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 181 @entity0 (mean age 63.1  years, 62.4  % male). @entity3 was the most common etiology of @entity2 (29.4  %). Fifty-two @entity0 (28.7  %) were admitted on a weekend and 129 (71.3  %) on a weekday. One hundred forty-one @entity0 (78  %) underwent ERC, of which 120 (85  %) were on a weekday. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics, LOS, proportion undergoing ERC, time to ERC, organ failure, or mortality between weekend and weekday admission groups. Similarly, there were no significant differences between weekend and weekday ERC groups. In multivariate analyses, international normalized ratio (p  <  0.01) and intensive care unit triage (p  <  0.01) were independent predictors of LOS, whereas weekend admission (p  =  0.23) and weekend ERC (p  =  0.74) were not. CONCLUSIONS: Weekend admission and weekend ERC do not negatively impact outcomes of @entity0 hospitalized with acute @entity1 at a tertiary care center. Further studies, particularly in centers with less weekend resources or staffing, are indicated.

title: Weekend Admission for XXXX Does Not Adversely Impact Clinical or Endoscopic Outcomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Large numbers of @entity0 are unknowingly exposed to @entity2 ( @entity2 ) from wireless devices. Evidence exists for altered cerebellar development in association with prenatal exposure to @entity2 . However, insufficient information is still available regarding the effects of exposure to 900 megahertz (MHz) @entity2 during the prenatal period on subsequent postnatal cerebellar development. This study was planned to investigate the 32-day-old female @entity1 pup cerebellum following exposure to 900MHz @entity2 during the prenatal period using stereological and histopathological evaluation methods. Pregnant @entity1 were divided into control, sham and @entity2 groups. Pregnant @entity2 group (PEMFG) @entity1 were exposed to 900MHz @entity2 for 1h inside an @entity2 cage during days 13-21 of pregnancy. Pregnant sham group (PSG) @entity1 were also placed inside the @entity2 cage during days 13-21 of pregnancy for 1h, but were not exposed to any @entity2 . No procedure was performed on the pregnant control group (PCG) @entity1 . Newborn control group (CG) @entity1 were obtained from the PCG mothers, newborn sham group (SG) @entity1 from the PSG and newborn @entity2 group (EMFG) @entity1 from the PEMFG @entity1 . The cerebellums of the newborn female @entity1 were extracted on postnatal day 32. The number of Purkinje cells was estimated stereologically, and histopathological evaluations were also performed on cerebellar sections. Total Purkinje cell numbers calculated using stereological analysis were significantly lower in EMFG compared to CG (p<0.05) and SG (p<0.05). Additionally, some pathological changes such as pyknotic neurons with dark cytoplasm were observed in EMFG sections under light microscopy. In conclusion, our study results show that prenatal exposure to @entity2 affects the development of Purkinje cells in the female @entity1 cerebellum and that the consequences of this pathological effect persist after the postnatal period.

title: Maternal exposure to a continuous 900-MHz electromagnetic field provokes neuronal loss and pathological changes in cerebellum of 32-day-old female XXXX offspring.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 (Cy A; 15 mg/kg s.c.) allows allogeneic histoincompatible skin graft survival in 10 of 10 @entity0 as long as the drug is given. The same dose of Cy A does not affect acute @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and increase survival of @entity0 after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation between the same two strains, when two groups of 15 animals are tested. Median survival of 14 engrafted animals without Cy A was 23 days, of 12 engrafted animals with Cy A 22 days (not significant). Cryopreservation of bone @entity2 the onset of @entity3 and increases survival of engrafted animals. Median survival of 5 engrafted animals without Cy A was 33 days, of 14 engrafted animals with Cy A 35 days. Our hypothesis is that one part of early @entity3 as well as of early graft rejection is mediated by a subclass of cells which is resistant to Cy A. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that most transplanted skins show a self-limited period of infiltration and induration. Skin grafts survive this period of infiltration. If the same potentially self-limited process occurs in the liver or the intestine during acute @entity3 , animals die. this hypothesis could explain why Cy A allows skin graft survival but does not affect acute @entity3 .

title: Histoincompatible skin and marrow grafts in @entity0 on XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 (Cy A; 15 mg/kg s.c.) allows allogeneic histoincompatible skin graft survival in 10 of 10 @entity0 as long as the drug is given. The same dose of Cy A does not affect acute @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and increase survival of @entity0 after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation between the same two strains, when two groups of 15 animals are tested. Median survival of 14 engrafted animals without Cy A was 23 days, of 12 engrafted animals with Cy A 22 days (not significant). Cryopreservation of bone @entity2 the onset of @entity3 and increases survival of engrafted animals. Median survival of 5 engrafted animals without Cy A was 33 days, of 14 engrafted animals with Cy A 35 days. Our hypothesis is that one part of early @entity3 as well as of early graft rejection is mediated by a subclass of cells which is resistant to Cy A. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that most transplanted skins show a self-limited period of infiltration and induration. Skin grafts survive this period of infiltration. If the same potentially self-limited process occurs in the liver or the intestine during acute @entity3 , animals die. this hypothesis could explain why Cy A allows skin graft survival but does not affect acute @entity3 .

title: Histoincompatible skin and marrow grafts in XXXX on @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Studies of clinical, audiometric and histological defects in @entity0 with conductive @entity6 , demonstrated the occurrence of subclinical manifestations in the hair, nails, joints and teeth. Light-microscopic examination of the skin in these @entity0 has shown metachromasia of the ground substance and @entity1 in the collagen and elastic fibres. @entity5 , in the organs developing from the ectoderm and mesoderm, led to the conclusion that @entity6 is a universal disease characterized by ectomesodermal insufficiency, a @entity4 . Optical measurement of the corneal thickness by corneometry has been introduced as an objective method for the diagnosis of @entity4 . This method, now used routinely in our clinic, shows a high frequency of abnormal corneal thickness among @entity0 with @entity6 . Such a @entity0 is termed 'cornea-positive'. @entity6 with pure @entity3 has been studied by X-ray in axial and semiaxial tomography. These @entity0 were often X-ray positive and among them there were many cornea-positive individuals. Cases with noise-induced @entity2 may also be cornea-positive, i.e. they may exhibit, @entity4 indicating that their hearing organs are characterized by a decreased resistance to noise. Corneometry has shown its value in the diagnosis of insufficient somatic constitution typical of individuals at risk.

title: @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Studies of clinical, audiometric and histological defects in @entity0 with conductive @entity6 , demonstrated the occurrence of subclinical manifestations in the hair, nails, joints and teeth. Light-microscopic examination of the skin in these @entity0 has shown metachromasia of the ground substance and @entity1 in the collagen and elastic fibres. @entity5 , in the organs developing from the ectoderm and mesoderm, led to the conclusion that @entity6 is a universal disease characterized by ectomesodermal insufficiency, a @entity4 . Optical measurement of the corneal thickness by corneometry has been introduced as an objective method for the diagnosis of @entity4 . This method, now used routinely in our clinic, shows a high frequency of abnormal corneal thickness among @entity0 with @entity6 . Such a @entity0 is termed 'cornea-positive'. @entity6 with pure @entity3 has been studied by X-ray in axial and semiaxial tomography. These @entity0 were often X-ray positive and among them there were many cornea-positive individuals. Cases with noise-induced @entity2 may also be cornea-positive, i.e. they may exhibit, @entity4 indicating that their hearing organs are characterized by a decreased resistance to noise. Corneometry has shown its value in the diagnosis of insufficient somatic constitution typical of individuals at risk.

title: XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Automutilation of the @entity3 occurs more frequently than is generally supposed. The @entity0 , particularly at his first visit, certainly will not reveal the cause of the @entity1 . In two University Eye Clinics 19 @entity0 were seen in whom the diagnosis of automutilation of the @entity3 could be made. It is important for the ophthalmologist to bear the possibility of automutilation in mind. In 6 of our @entity0 corneal grafts were performed. All these grafts failed because of further automutilation. Corneal transplantation is certainly not indicated; these operations were performed because the @entity0 's true condition had not been spotted in time. Better forms of treatment are tarsorrhaphy or the application of closely occluding bandages. In this way fair results were obtained in 2 cases. It is wrong to force the @entity0 to a confrontation (i.e. to tell him that automutilation is suspected). Confrontation can lead to more severe @entity2 . In all cases @entity2 treatment is absolutely essential. The ophthalmological prognosis for this condition is poor and @entity2 help is quite often refused.

title: Automutilation of the XXXX . I. Ophthalmological aspects.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pregnant smokers may be offered @entity1 replacement therapy (NRT) alongside behavioral support to assist with a quit attempt. Yet trials of NRT have found adherence to be low among pregnant @entity0 , and this has made it difficult to determine the efficacy of NRT. The aim of this study is to understand the experience of pregnant @entity0 who use NRT but discontinue this early or do not use the medication as recommended. METHODS: Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 14 pregnant smokers who had recently been prescribed NRT, but self-reported poor NRT adherence or discontinuing treatment prematurely. Data were transcribed and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis RESULTS: There were four main themes identified; expectations of NRT, experience of using NRT, safety concerns and experience of using e-cigarettes. Some @entity0 intentionally used NRT to substitute a proportion of their cigarette intake and smoked alongside. Most @entity0 smoked while using NRT. @entity0 who underutilized NRT did so as they experienced side effects, or were concerned that using NRT instead of smoking could actually increase their @entity1 exposure and potential for increased @entity1 dependence or fetal harm. Most @entity0 spoke about the use of e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation method but only a few had actually experienced using them during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Many @entity0 underused NRT but simultaneously smoked. Challenging negative perceptions about NRT and educating @entity0 further about the risks of smoking may encourage them to use NRT products as recommended. IMPLICATIONS: These findings add to the research surrounding the efficacy of NRT during pregnancy by providing insight into how pregnant @entity0 use NRT during a quit attempt and how this may influence adherence. It may assist health professionals to support pregnant smokers by increasing their understanding about the differing ways in which @entity0 use NRT and help them address concerns @entity0 may have about the safety of NRT.

title: Understanding Pregnant Smokers' Adherence to XXXX Replacement Therapy During a Quit Attempt: A Qualitative Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity3 ) is synthesized and transferred to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). @entity3 -anchored proteins are then transported from the ER to the plasma membrane through the Golgi apparatus. To date, at least 17 steps have been identified to be required for the @entity3 biosynthetic pathway. Here, we aimed to establish a comprehensive screening method to identify genes involved in @entity3 biosynthesis using @entity0 haploid screens. @entity0 haploid cells were mutagenized by the integration of gene trap vectors into the genome. Mutagenized cells were then treated with a bacterial pore-forming toxin, aerolysin, which binds to @entity3 -anchored proteins for targeting to the cell membrane. Cells that showed low surface expression of @entity1 , a @entity3 -anchored protein, were further enriched for. Gene trap insertion sites in the non-selected population and in the enriched population were determined by deep sequencing. This screening enriched 23 gene regions among the 26 known @entity3 biosynthetic genes, which when mutated are expected to decrease the surface expression of @entity3 -anchored proteins. Our results indicate that the forward genetic approach using haploid cells is a useful and powerful technique to identify factors involved in phenotypes of interest.

title: Genome-Wide Screening of Genes Required for XXXX Biosynthesis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Between March, 1978, and August, 1980, 7 neonates with a left posterolateral diaphragmatic @entity3 were seen in respiratory distress within 12 hours of birth. Each had severe @entity2 and @entity1 . They were immediately intubated and ventilated. Arterial and central venous lines were inserted, the @entity2 was partially corrected, and a @entity4 infusion of 5 microgram/kg/min was begun immediately. Continuous monitoring of arterial and venous pressures, core, and skin temperatures, blood gases, and pH was instituted. @entity5 were repaired by direct suture in 5 neonates and by Gore-Tex patches in the other 2. The left lung in all @entity0 was hypoplastic. Ventilation and inotropic support were continued for 4 to 5 days post-operatively, and close control of acid-base balance was maintained. All the @entity0 are doing well. We consider the key to survival to be management of the dangerous combination of @entity2 (by enhancing peripheral and renal perfusion with @entity4 ) and @entity1 (by prolonged assisted ventilation).

title: The management of neonatal posterolateral diaphragmatic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: During the study of suspected @entity0 within a hospital, epidemiological typing techniques are often employed to aid in the identification of transmission patterns of nosocomially-acquired bacteria. In this study, five bacteriological typing methods were assessed for their ability to type and differentiate 100 clinical isolates of @entity1 . The methods evaluated include biotyping, bacteriophage typing with the method of Hickman and Farmer and the scheme of Schmidt and Jeffries, and typing by both @entity2 production and @entity2 sensitivity. Each of the phage and @entity2 methods were further evaluated by typing 14 isolates of @entity3 derived from an outbreak of infection on a surgical intensive care unit. All 100 isolates were typed by biochemical characteristics and were divided into seven distinct biotypes. Ninety-five percent of these strains were separated into 61 lysis patterns with the phage set of Hickman and Farmer whereas the Schmidt and Jeffries phage scheme was able to type 67% of the cultures into nine unique lysis patterns. @entity2 sensitivity typing resulted in 41 distinct patterns with 71% of the strains typable and typing by @entity2 production yielded 29 distinct @entity2 types among the 80% typable strains. Typing by @entity2 production demonstrated that 13 of the 14 epidemic isolates were the same strain. All epidemic-related cultures were untypable with the Hickman and Farmer phage set, whereas typing by @entity2 sensitivity and the phage set of Schmidt and Jeffries resulted in two and four isolates typable, respectively. Based on the results of typing random and epidemic isolates of @entity3 , @entity2 production typing is recommended as a sensitive and specific typing method for future epidemiological surveys.

title: Comparison of epidemiological methods for differentiation of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effect of Corynebacterium parvum on survival was studied in aplastic @entity0 transplanted with allogeneic bone marrow cells. Twenty four hours after receiving 1200 rad of total body irradiation, NZW males were reconstituted from unrelated R females using bone marrow combined with spleen cells or with marrow alone. The effects of treating donor, or both donor and recipient, with @entity2 were contrasted. @entity0 in Group I were infused with a mixture of bone marrow and spleen cells. In control aminals (Group Ia) none of the 14 animals survived to 40 days. Similarly, there were no survivors among 17 animals in group Ib where only the donors were pretreated with @entity2 . When both donor and recipient received this agent (Group Ic) three of the 13 animals (23%) survived beyond 40 days. Animals in Group II were infused with marrow cells alone. Of the controls (Group IIa), 3 out of 24 animals (12.5%) survived to 40 days; pretreatment of the donor with @entity2 (Group IIb) resulted in survival of 8 of the 18 animals (44%); when both donor and recipient received this agent (Group IIc), 16 of 26 animals (62%) survived beyond 40 days. Both the incidence and the severity of histologically demonstrable @entity1 was markedly reduced in the surviving animals. These observations demonstrate a significant effect of parenteral @entity2 on the prolongation of survival in the irradiated @entity0 following transplantation with allogeneic bone marrow cells, which is related to reduction in GVHD.

title: Improved survival mediated by Corynebacterium parvum following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: On treatment of @entity0 cells with @entity3 , a @entity2 -containing precursor of the major outer membrane lipoprotein accumulates in the cytoplasmic membrane (Hussain, M., Ichihara, S., and Mizushima, S. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 3707-3712). When the envelope fraction from such cells was incubated in a suitable buffer, this precursor could be processed to the mature lipoprotein. The processing involved removal of the signal peptide and subsequent acylation of the @entity1 terminus thus bared. Two types of peptidase and an acylation enzyme(s) were found to be involved in these processes. The enzyme that cleaves the signal peptide, called signal peptidase in this paper, had many unique properties: being highly resistant to high temperature, having a wide optimum pH range, and being highly sensitive to detergents. The other peptidase(s), called signal peptide peptidase in this paper, was assumed to be responsible for the digestion of the signal peptide that had been cleaved from the precursor lipoprotein. This enzyme was rather heat-sensitive. Thus the processing from the precursor to the mature lipoprotein at a high temperature resulted in accumulation of a peptide that was most probably the intact signal peptide. The third enzyme(s) involved in the processing was the one that is responsible for acylation of the newly bared @entity1 terminus of the lipoprotein. The enzyme activity was also lost at 80 degrees C. In the light of these findings, the biosynthetic pathway of the lipoprotein is discussed.

title: Mechanism of signal peptide cleavage in the biosynthesis of the major lipoprotein of the XXXX outer membrane.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Twenty-two instances of @entity2 secondary to blunt thoracoabdominal @entity1 were seen at the @entity1 Unit of the Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada during a 30 year period. @entity3 occurred in the right leaf in 11, in the left in ten, and in both sides in one instance. In 14, the diagnosis was made and repair effected within 24 hours of presentation. Seven were diagnosed and treated from three days to several years after the injury. Two @entity0 died soon after admission. They were victims of multiple intra-abdominal as well as @entity1 . Repair was generally effected through a laparotomy during the immediate post-traumatic period. Thoracotomy was used in those diagnosed after the latent interval. The diagnosis of diaphragmatic disruption should be considered in any @entity0 suffering from blunt thoracoabdominal @entity1 . Usually a roentgenogram of the chest will confirm the suspected injury. In contradistinction to most of the reported series, our experience indicates that right diaphragmatic @entity1 are more common than what is usually thought.

title: XXXX due to blunt abdominal trauma.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 hemaggluttination inhibition (HI) antibody determinations were performed in 1977 on a sample of California school @entity0 and in 1977-1979 on young @entity0 who were about to be married or who were pregnant. Among the pupils, 66 per cent reported prior @entity1 immunization; immunization history was more common in younger pupils. Seventy-seven per cent had detectable antibody, with little trend of greater seropositivity at older ages. Over 86 per cent of those with a written record of immunization had detectable antibody. There was no consistent indication of loss of seropositivity with increasing time since immunization. @entity0 immunized at 12-14 months of age tended to have a lower seropositivity rate than those immunized at older ages. Among young @entity0 , the prevalence of detectable antibody was 80-83 per cent. Comparison with data obtained in 1968-1969 indicates that @entity1 immunization has had a marked impact on antibody levels in @entity0 but less impact on levels in teenagers and adults. The pool of @entity1 entering secondary schools will probably not decrease soon, so that @entity1 outbreaks may continue in high school and college-age populations. Ultimately, school entry immunization requirements should drastically curtail disease activity. In the interim, programs to immunize teenagers and young adult females must be strengthened. (Am J Public Health 1982; 72:167-172.)

title: Public health implications of XXXX antibody levels in California.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Psoriatic epidermis has a rapid rate of turnover and produces a stratum corneum with an abnormal tonofilament composition. One polypeptide chain, (Mr 70,000) is absent or greatly decreased in relative amount and two other chains, (Mr 63,000 and 55,000), which are normally modified in the living cells, persists into the stratum corneum. Increasing the turnover of normal epidermis has been shown to cause the persistence of 63 and 55 kilodalton chains in the stratum corneum but does not affect the relative amount of 70 kilodalton chain. It has, therefore, been suggested that, in @entity2 , the deficiency of the 70 kilodalton chain may occur prior to or simultaneously with the induction of increased tissue turnover. In the present study, the polypeptide chain composition of living @entity4 has been examined. It is shown that the relative amounts of 70 kilodalton chain in psoriatic stratum corneum and involved living epidermis from the same site are not significantly different. The abnormality is, therefore, already present in the living cells and it appears that, in @entity2 , the synthesis of the 70 kilodalton chain is defective. The uninvolved epidermis of psoriatics is intermediate between normal and involved @entity4 both in the ability to synthesise the 70 kilodalton chain and to modify the 63 and 55 kilodalton chains. Comparisons of @entity0 compositions of proteins containing different proportions of 70 kilodalton chain suggest that it has a considerably higher content of @entity3 and @entity1 than the other tonofilament chains. These studies suggest that the 70 kilodalton chain may be functionally different from the other tonofilament chains. The defect in its synthesis in @entity2 is a relatively early event and may be involved with the induction of increased tissue turnover or induced by the same abnormal conditions as the increased tissue turnover.

title: The proteins of living XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: From 1970 to 1974 proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage was performed in 158 @entity0 for duodenal @entity3 . One @entity0 died, giving an operative mortality of 0.6 per cent. Nine unrelated @entity1 occurred during the period of survey and 5 other @entity0 were lost to follow-up. The remaining 143 @entity0 were followed-up for a minimum of 5 years and a maximum of 9 years. The most frequent symptoms were epigastric fullness and intolerance to milk. Early dumping, detected in 6.7 per cent of the @entity0 , was always mild. @entity2 , also very slight and often only related to the ingestion of milk, was seen in 9.6 per cent. Recurrent duodenal @entity3 was proved in 7.7 per cent and strongly suspected in 0.7 per cent and the presence of a new @entity5 was also proved in 1.4 per cent of @entity0 , making a total incidence of recurrence of 9.8 per cent. Approximately 89 per cent of the @entity0 were classed as having a satisfactory result and 11 per cent were classed as unsatisfactory. @entity4 is clearly effective in reducing the side effects of gastric surgery, while the incidence of recurrent ulceration in the long term is similar to the incidence of recurrence after truncal or selective vagotomy with a drainage procedure. For these reasons, consideration should be given to the wider use of proximal gastric vagotomy in the elective surgical treatment of duodenal @entity3 .

title: Late results of proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage for duodenal XXXX : 5--9-year follow-up.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Controversy exists whether the initiating events in @entity5 are primarily epidermal or dermal (vascular). To study this point, serial biopsies from 6 @entity0 were taken from the periphery of individual plaques before, and at 1 to 3 day intervals during, Goeckerman and PUVA treatments. Part of the biopsy was studied by electron microscopy to determine the fine structure of the capillary loops and part was incubated with tritiated @entity3 to determine the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of the basal cells. Normal appearing buttock skin of the 11 other psoriatic @entity0 not under treatment was studied by identical methods. In 4 of the 6 treated @entity0 , the capillary loops began to return toward normal 3 to 8 days before the @entity2 began to decrease. Two @entity0 did not show a return toward normal of either capillaries or @entity2 during the period of the experiment. The @entity2 was elevated in the normal appearing buttock skin of 6 of 11 untreated psoriatics. In 4 of the 6, the loops were normal arterial capillaries. We did not observe abnormal (venous) capillaries associated with a normal @entity2 in the other 5 untreated @entity0 . These data support the concept that the initiating factors in @entity5 are in the epidermis, but @entity4 cannot occur without @entity1 . Understanding the factors responsible for shortening the capillary loops during epidermal normalization and for inhibition of capillary growth in the presence of an increased @entity2 could lead to other ways of controlling @entity5 .

title: Role of the microcirculation in the treatment and pathogenesis of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Sixteen @entity0 (median age 67 yrs.) with @entity4 of the @entity2 were studied. Twelve of these @entity0 had disease that was classified as local (Stages IE and IIE). Eight @entity0 had @entity5 , 6 had diffuse poorly differentiated @entity3 , 1 had both @entity1 , and 1 had nodular poorly differentiated @entity3 . The overall median survival was 9.5 months. Para-aortic nodal involvement was the factor that had the strongest prognostic influence with the management methods used. Median survival without para-aortic nodal involvement was 57+ months, but with such involvement it was 6 months (p = 0.002). There is a high probability of generalized disease if @entity1 can be detected in the para-aortic nodes. For @entity0 with Stages IE and IIE disease, radical radiation therapy is the preferred treatment. For those with disseminated disease, chemotherapy, with irradiation reserved for symptomatic and bulky localized deposits, is the recommended method of management.

title: @entity4 of the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sixteen @entity0 (median age 67 yrs.) with @entity4 of the @entity2 were studied. Twelve of these @entity0 had disease that was classified as local (Stages IE and IIE). Eight @entity0 had @entity5 , 6 had diffuse poorly differentiated @entity3 , 1 had both @entity1 , and 1 had nodular poorly differentiated @entity3 . The overall median survival was 9.5 months. Para-aortic nodal involvement was the factor that had the strongest prognostic influence with the management methods used. Median survival without para-aortic nodal involvement was 57+ months, but with such involvement it was 6 months (p = 0.002). There is a high probability of generalized disease if @entity1 can be detected in the para-aortic nodes. For @entity0 with Stages IE and IIE disease, radical radiation therapy is the preferred treatment. For those with disseminated disease, chemotherapy, with irradiation reserved for symptomatic and bulky localized deposits, is the recommended method of management.

title: XXXX of the @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Feeding with Crotalaria spectabilis seeds induces structural changes in the pulmonary arterial circulation characteristic of @entity1 : increased medial and adventitial thickness, the appearance of muscle in smaller arteries than normal, and reduction in the number of peripheral arteries. By autoradiographic techniques, after injection of @entity3 into @entity0 fed Crotalaria for 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, or 35 days, the contribution of @entity6 to these changes has been assessed at two levels of the pulmonary artery--the hilum and the periphery. In the @entity2 , a biphasic increase in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is seen in each cell type. After 3 days of feeding, the medial smooth muscle cells show a slight but significant increase (1.5 times the control value), and, after 7 days, so do the adventitial fibroblasts (3 x) and the endothelial cells (EC) (2 x). After 14 days @entity4 for all three cell types is again at control values, but after 21 days (wall thickness is no increased) each cell type shows at least a fivefold increase; by 35 days all are again near control levels. In the intra-acinar region, by 14 days, "newly" muscularized arteries are identified and increase in number and proportion up to 35 days; @entity3 uptake is not evident in this cell type until 35 days have passed. The ECs of these arteries, however, show a striking increase in @entity4 after 14 days as do those of the @entity7 . The ECs of the intra-acinar veins show a biphasic response being increased after 7, 28, and 35 days. The present study has shown that Crotalaria ingestion induces @entity6 and @entity5 of pulmonary arterial cells at pre- and intra-acinar levels. The early increase in @entity4 probably represents a response to the original cell injury, the later changes, a response to continuing damage or, in part, adaptation to the @entity1 now present.

title: Crotalaria-induced XXXX . Uptake of @entity3 by the cells of the pulmonary circulation and alveolar walls.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Feeding with Crotalaria spectabilis seeds induces structural changes in the pulmonary arterial circulation characteristic of @entity1 : increased medial and adventitial thickness, the appearance of muscle in smaller arteries than normal, and reduction in the number of peripheral arteries. By autoradiographic techniques, after injection of @entity3 into @entity0 fed Crotalaria for 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, or 35 days, the contribution of @entity6 to these changes has been assessed at two levels of the pulmonary artery--the hilum and the periphery. In the @entity2 , a biphasic increase in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is seen in each cell type. After 3 days of feeding, the medial smooth muscle cells show a slight but significant increase (1.5 times the control value), and, after 7 days, so do the adventitial fibroblasts (3 x) and the endothelial cells (EC) (2 x). After 14 days @entity4 for all three cell types is again at control values, but after 21 days (wall thickness is no increased) each cell type shows at least a fivefold increase; by 35 days all are again near control levels. In the intra-acinar region, by 14 days, "newly" muscularized arteries are identified and increase in number and proportion up to 35 days; @entity3 uptake is not evident in this cell type until 35 days have passed. The ECs of these arteries, however, show a striking increase in @entity4 after 14 days as do those of the @entity7 . The ECs of the intra-acinar veins show a biphasic response being increased after 7, 28, and 35 days. The present study has shown that Crotalaria ingestion induces @entity6 and @entity5 of pulmonary arterial cells at pre- and intra-acinar levels. The early increase in @entity4 probably represents a response to the original cell injury, the later changes, a response to continuing damage or, in part, adaptation to the @entity1 now present.

title: Crotalaria-induced @entity1 . Uptake of XXXX by the cells of the pulmonary circulation and alveolar walls.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In a previous study on 42 @entity0 with acute @entity1 , randomly allocated to treatment with streptokinase or heparin, we found that 71.4% of the streptokinase-treated @entity0 achieved phlebographically significant thrombolysis as compared to 23.8% in the heparin group. These @entity0 have been reevaluated after a mean observation period of 6 1/2 years. Seven @entity0 had died and there were no other drop-outs. Thus, 35 @entity0 were subjected to the follow-up study consisting of phlebography and clinical examination. The evaluations were performed without knowledge of the initial therapy. Seven @entity0 had phlebographically normal veins, and all belonged to the streptokinase group. This difference between the treatment groups is statistically highly significant (p less than 0.01). At clinical examination, 13 of the 17 @entity0 in the streptokinase group had normal legs and 4 exhibited moderate postthrombotic changes. In contrast, 3 of the heparin-treated @entity0 showed serious postthrombotic changes with open leg ulcers, and only 6 of 18 @entity0 in this group had normal legs. The present results strongly support the assumption that streptokinase therapy is the best treatment at present in @entity0 with acute @entity1 . This has been shown for the initial thrombolysis, and now also for the avoidance of late postthrombotic changes.

title: Streptokinase of heparin in the treatment of XXXX . Follow-up results of a prospective study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Arterial stiffness is an important predictor of cardiovascular risk besides classic cardiovascular risk factors. Previous studies showed that arterial stiffness is increased in @entity0 with @entity1 compared to healthy controls and exercise training may reduce arterial stiffness. Since physical inactivity is frequently observed in @entity0 with @entity1 and exercise training may improve arterial stiffness, we hypothesized that low daily physical activity may be associated with increased arterial stiffness. METHODS: In 123 @entity0 with @entity1 (72% @entity0 ; mean [standard deviation] age: 62 [7.5] years; median [quartile] forced expiratory volume in 1 second 35 [27/65] %predicted), arterial stiffness was assessed by augmentation index (AI). Daily physical activity level (PAL) was measured by an activity monitor (SenseWear Pro   ) >1 week. The association between AI and PAL was investigated by univariate and multivariate regression analysis, taking into account disease-specific characteristics and comorbidities. RESULTS: @entity0 suffered from moderate (35%), severe (32%), and very severe (33%) @entity1 , and 22% were active smokers. Median (quartile) PAL was 1.4 (1.3/1.5) and mean (standard deviation) AI 26% (9.2%). PAL showed a negative association with AI (B=-9.32, P=0.017) independent of age, sex, blood pressure, and airflow limitation. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 @entity0 , a higher PAL seems to favorably influence arterial stiffness and therefore may reduce cardiovascular risk. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01527773.

title: Physical inactivity and arterial stiffness in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Mycobacteria have the ability to enhance or depress immune responses. This paper describes experiments designed to investigate the parameters determining the direction of modulation. It has been shown previously that 10(8) liver @entity4 BCG depress the ability of @entity0 spleen cells to produce a primary antibody response in vitro to SRBC 2-3 weeks after i.v. injection, whereas the same number of dead organisms enhance this response. Using the same growth medium for the BCG (Glaxo @entity3 -free medium), we now find that decreasing the BCG dose to @entity0 from 10(8) to 10 (6) liver organisms results in enhanced responses and increasing the dose to more than 10(8) dead organisms results in @entity1 responses. It thus appears that bacterial load is the important factor determining whether @entity1 or enhancement of the primary antibody response will occur, rather than the viability of the organisms per se. However, when the BCG was grown in Middlebrook 7H9 broth, doses as high as 4 X 10(9) dead BCG/ @entity0 failed to depress although @entity1 responses were found if sufficient live organisms (7 X 10(8)) were injected. In view of the known growth characteristics of BCG in these 2 bacteriological media, it is suggested that the degree of aggregation of the injected suspension may also be of importance in determining whether or not @entity1 will occur. A comparison of the effects of BCG injected untreated or after dispersion of bacterial aggregates supports this idea. Some degree of @entity2 was always found in @entity0 with @entity1 @entity5 responses but a large spleen did not necessarily yield cell suspensions with @entity1 responses.

title: XXXX , BCG, modulation of murine antibody responses: influence of dose and degree of aggregation of live or dead organisms.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the cell dynamics in periodontal ligament in response to mechanical stress during orthodontic movement. Following Waldo's method, a square sheet of rubber dam was inserted in between the first and second maxillary molars in 10 ddY @entity0 leaving the stress load for 3 hours. After 3 days and at 1 week, cell count on pressure and @entity2 sides of the periodontal ligament was determined. Furthermore, the type of cell present after mechanical stress was identified using GFP bone marrow transplantation @entity0 model. Immunohistochemistry was carried out at 0 min (immediately after mechanical stress), 24 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks and 6 months. Temporal changes in the expression of GFP-positive bone marrow derived cells were examined. Moreover, double immunofluorescent staining was performed to determine the type of cell in the periodontal ligament. Cell count on the @entity2 side tremendously increased 3 days after mechanical stress. At 1 week, spindle and round cell count increased compared to the control group. These changes were observed on both @entity2 and pressure sides. Cell count on pressure side at 3 days (22.11+/-13.98) and at 1 week (33.23+/-11.39) was higher compared to the control group (15.26+/-8.29). On the @entity2 side, there was a significantly increased at 3 days (35.46+/-11.85), but decreased at 1 week (29.23+/-13.89) although it is still higher compared to the control group (AD+/-SD: 10.37+/-8.69). Using GFP bone marrow transplantation @entity0 model, GFP positive cell count increased gradually over time in 6 months. GFP positive cells were also positive to @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity1 suggesting that fibroblasts differentiated into osteoclasts and tissue macrophages. In conclusion, mechanical stress during orthodontic movement promoted the increase in the number of cells in the periodontal ligament on both @entity2 and pressure sides. The increase in the number of cells in the periodontal ligament is believed to be due to the migration and cell division of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.

title: Histological Evaluation of Periodontal Ligament in Response to Orthodontic Mechanical Stress in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In New Zealand the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a state-funded insurance agency that accepts claims for @entity2 , including lumbar spine injuries. It is unknown whether @entity1 claim status (accepted, not accepted) affects @entity4 ( @entity4 ) outcomes, or whether benefit status (e.g., sickness, disability) further affects outcomes in @entity0 without @entity1 cover. AIMS: This study aimed to determine whether @entity1 claim and benefit status are likely to influence a range of outcomes for @entity0 with @entity4 in New Zealand. METHODS: A prospective survey of @entity4 @entity0 was performed (April 2008-October 2010). @entity1 claim status was recorded, and individuals without accepted claims indicated benefit status. Surveys were sent at multiple time points; @entity3 , functional limitation, psychological factors, and general health were assessed. Statistical analysis was undertaken using ANCOVA and ANOVA (p<0.05). RESULTS: In total, 168 @entity0 completed the study. Six-month measures showed individuals with no @entity1 claim for @entity4 to overall have poorer outcomes (mental health, p=0.039; @entity3 , p=0.045; functional limitation, p=0.049); sub-group analysis (no @entity1 claim) between those with or without a benefit showed those on benefits to have significantly higher functional limitation (p<0.001), poorer physical health (p=0.002), greater @entity3 (p=0.027), and stronger fear avoidance behaviours for both work (p=0.047) and physical activity (p=0.35). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate individuals with accepted @entity1 claims for @entity4 have significantly better outcomes than those without, and @entity0 on benefits with no accepted @entity1 claim for @entity4 have even poorer outcomes.

title: Does @entity2 status and benefit status predict XXXX outcomes?

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: In New Zealand the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a state-funded insurance agency that accepts claims for @entity2 , including lumbar spine injuries. It is unknown whether @entity1 claim status (accepted, not accepted) affects @entity4 ( @entity4 ) outcomes, or whether benefit status (e.g., sickness, disability) further affects outcomes in @entity0 without @entity1 cover. AIMS: This study aimed to determine whether @entity1 claim and benefit status are likely to influence a range of outcomes for @entity0 with @entity4 in New Zealand. METHODS: A prospective survey of @entity4 @entity0 was performed (April 2008-October 2010). @entity1 claim status was recorded, and individuals without accepted claims indicated benefit status. Surveys were sent at multiple time points; @entity3 , functional limitation, psychological factors, and general health were assessed. Statistical analysis was undertaken using ANCOVA and ANOVA (p<0.05). RESULTS: In total, 168 @entity0 completed the study. Six-month measures showed individuals with no @entity1 claim for @entity4 to overall have poorer outcomes (mental health, p=0.039; @entity3 , p=0.045; functional limitation, p=0.049); sub-group analysis (no @entity1 claim) between those with or without a benefit showed those on benefits to have significantly higher functional limitation (p<0.001), poorer physical health (p=0.002), greater @entity3 (p=0.027), and stronger fear avoidance behaviours for both work (p=0.047) and physical activity (p=0.35). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate individuals with accepted @entity1 claims for @entity4 have significantly better outcomes than those without, and @entity0 on benefits with no accepted @entity1 claim for @entity4 have even poorer outcomes.

title: Does XXXX status and benefit status predict @entity4 outcomes?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Properties of haemopoietic progenitor cells detected in several different assays have been compared in order to position them within the haemopoietic developmental lineage. The spleen colony-forming cell (CFUs), the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and two granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM- @entity3 and GM-CFC-2) have been studied. Two experimental techniques were used: separation of cells on the basis of their buoyant density and comparison of the survival of haemopoietic cells after donor @entity0 had been injected with the cytotoxic drug @entity2 ( @entity2 ). On linear BSA gradients the modal buoyant densities of CFUs, @entity1 and GM- @entity3 were the same, 1.070 g cm-3; the density of GM-CFC-2 was higher, 1.075 g cm-3. GM-CFC-2 colonies were much smaller and contained far fewer cells than @entity1 or GM- @entity3 colonies, even after prolonged culture, and this suggests that dense haemopoietic progenitors have less proliferation potential. This was confirmed by comparison of the size of colony formed, under identical culture conditions, by progenitors of different densities. Mean colony diameter was inversely related to the density of the progenitor cell. With the exception of GM- @entity3 , low density progenitors were more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of @entity2 than high density precursor cells (GM-CFC-2). Consequently, the GM- @entity3 could be distinguished from GM-CFC-2 on the basis of buoyant density and from the other low density populations on the basis of post-FU kinetics. The reasons why the GM- @entity3 should be more sensitive to @entity2 than other low density progenitors are discussed and the relation of these low density precursors to one another in terms of their position within the haemopoietic developmental lineage is elucidated.

title: Physical and kinetic properties of haemopoietic progenitor cell populations from XXXX marrow detected in five different assay systems.

answer: @entity0


abstract: SETTING: BRAC, a non-governmental organisation, implemented a modified smoking cessation programme for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 based on International Union Against @entity1 (The Union) guidelines in 17 peri-urban centres of Dhaka, Bangladesh. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a modified version of The Union's smoking cessation intervention was effective in promoting cessation among @entity2 @entity0 and determinants associated with quitting smoking. DESIGN: Cohort study of routinely collected data. RESULTS: A total of 3134 @entity2 @entity0 were registered from May 2011 to April 2012. Of these, 615 (20%) were current smokers, with a mean age of 38 years (  13.8). On treatment completion, 562 @entity0 were analysed, with 53 (9%) lost to follow-up or dead, while 82% of smokers had quit. @entity0 with @entity4 were less likely to quit than those with @entity4 . @entity0 with high-intensity @entity3 were less likely to quit than those with low-intensity @entity3 . CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a simplified smoking cessation intervention can be effective in promoting smoking cessation among @entity2 @entity0 in Bangladesh. This is encouraging for other low-resource settings; the Bangladesh National Tuberculosis Control Programme should consider nationwide scaling up and integration of this smoking cessation plan.

title: High quit rate among smokers with XXXX in a modified smoking cessation programme in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

answer: @entity2


abstract: SETTING: A tertiary care facility in Ukraine, a high multi- and extensively @entity4 (MDR/ @entity3 ) burden country. OBJECTIVES: To assess the management and treatment outcomes of MDR, pre- @entity3 and @entity3 . DESIGN: Cohort study using programme data, 2006-2011. RESULTS: Of 484 individuals with drug-resistant TB, 217 (45%) had MDR-, 153 (32%) pre-XDR- and 114 (24%) @entity3 . Of all resistant types completing the intensive phase of treatment, 322 (67%) were alive and had culture converted. This included 157 (72%) with MDR- and 61 (54%) with @entity3 . At the end of the continuation phase of treatment, 106 (22%) had treatment success and 378 (78%) had unfavourable outcomes, including 110 (23%) failures, 21 (4%) deaths, 71 (15%) losses to follow-up and 176 (36%) with an unknown outcome. This was associated with more than one lung cavity being affected, a history of treatment with second-line anti- @entity2 drugs, poor adherence and @entity3 . A total of 226 (47%) @entity0 reported at least one adverse drug reaction, the most common being gastrointestinal and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Outcomes of MDR- and @entity3 were satisfactory in the intensive phase; however, this was not sustained during the ambulatory period. If we are to do better, urgent measures are needed to improve ambulatory management, including making safer, shorter and more effective drug regimens available.

title: Management of multi- and extensively XXXX in Ukraine: how well are we doing?

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological investigations indicate that an Asian dust storm (ADS) can aggravate @entity4 . However, the effects of ADS on @entity1 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of exposure to ADS with @entity1 . METHODS: The subjects were 33 adult @entity0 with @entity2 who measured daily peak flow expiratory (PEF) from March to May 2012. Fractional exhaled @entity3 (FeNO) was measured before and after ADS. RESULTS: The FeNO values were 13.8  13.7 ppb before the ADS and 20.3  19.0 ppb after the ADS, with no significant difference. There was also no significant association of PEF with ADS exposure. However, the increase of FeNO after ADS exposure was proportional to the decrease of PEF (R=-0.78, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity1 aggravated by ADS exposure may induce a decrease in pulmonary function in some adult @entity0 with @entity2 . J. Med. Invest. 62: 233-237, August, 2015.

title: Effect of exposure to an Asian dust storm on fractional exhaled @entity3 in adult XXXX @entity0 in Western Japan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological investigations indicate that an Asian dust storm (ADS) can aggravate @entity4 . However, the effects of ADS on @entity1 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of exposure to ADS with @entity1 . METHODS: The subjects were 33 adult @entity0 with @entity2 who measured daily peak flow expiratory (PEF) from March to May 2012. Fractional exhaled @entity3 (FeNO) was measured before and after ADS. RESULTS: The FeNO values were 13.8  13.7 ppb before the ADS and 20.3  19.0 ppb after the ADS, with no significant difference. There was also no significant association of PEF with ADS exposure. However, the increase of FeNO after ADS exposure was proportional to the decrease of PEF (R=-0.78, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity1 aggravated by ADS exposure may induce a decrease in pulmonary function in some adult @entity0 with @entity2 . J. Med. Invest. 62: 233-237, August, 2015.

title: Effect of exposure to an Asian dust storm on fractional exhaled XXXX in adult @entity2 @entity0 in Western Japan.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological investigations indicate that an Asian dust storm (ADS) can aggravate @entity4 . However, the effects of ADS on @entity1 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of exposure to ADS with @entity1 . METHODS: The subjects were 33 adult @entity0 with @entity2 who measured daily peak flow expiratory (PEF) from March to May 2012. Fractional exhaled @entity3 (FeNO) was measured before and after ADS. RESULTS: The FeNO values were 13.8  13.7 ppb before the ADS and 20.3  19.0 ppb after the ADS, with no significant difference. There was also no significant association of PEF with ADS exposure. However, the increase of FeNO after ADS exposure was proportional to the decrease of PEF (R=-0.78, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity1 aggravated by ADS exposure may induce a decrease in pulmonary function in some adult @entity0 with @entity2 . J. Med. Invest. 62: 233-237, August, 2015.

title: Effect of exposure to an Asian dust storm on fractional exhaled @entity3 in adult @entity2 XXXX in Western Japan.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neurotrophins and their receptors act as important proliferative and pro-survival factors in a variety of cell types. Neurotrophins are produced by multiple cell types in both pro- and mature forms, and can act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. The @entity9 and Trk receptors can elicit signalling in response to the presence or absence of their corresponding @entity7 ligands. This signalling, along with @entity7 and receptor expression, varies between different cell types. Neurotrophins and their receptors have been shown to be expressed by and elicit signalling in B lymphocytes. In general, most neurotrophins are expressed by activated B-cells and memory B-cells. Likewise, the TrkB95 receptor is seen on activated B-cells, while @entity5 and @entity6 ( @entity9 ) are expressed by both resting and active B-cells as well as memory B-cells. Nerve growth factor stimulates B-cell proliferation, memory B-cell survival, antibody production and @entity8 expression. @entity7 is involved in B-cell maturation in the bone marrow through TrkB95. Overall neurotrophins and their receptors have been shown to be involved in B-cell proliferation, development, differentiation, antibody secretion and survival. As well as expression and activity in healthy B-cells, the neurotrophins and their receptors can contribute to B-cell @entity0 including @entity1 , diffuse large @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity2 . They are involved in B-cell malignancy survival and potentially in drug resistance.

title: Neurotrophins and B-cell XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Genital @entity7 are @entity1 that often require complex management and interdisciplinary care. @entity4 was first used to treat @entity0 with @entity7 in 2008 and has since gained acceptance as first-line therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We review the presentation, course, management and outcomes of all cases of genital @entity7 managed by @entity4 administration at a single institution from April 2010 to July 2014. RESULTS: During the study period 9 @entity0 with genital @entity7 were referred to our @entity5 treatment clinic. @entity4 was initially administered under careful outpatient monitoring at a dose of 1 mg/kg daily in  8  @entity0 . One @entity0 , a 700 gm premature @entity0 , was started on therapy in  the inpatient setting at 0.5 mg/kg daily, given the history of prematurity. All @entity0 underwent successful increase of dose to at least 2 mg/kg for the observation phase after tolerating the starting doses. One @entity0 discontinued @entity4 prematurely per parental request due to concern regarding peripheral vasoconstriction. Otherwise, no @entity0 demonstrated significant @entity2 , symptomatic @entity3 , @entity6 or other major side effect requiring treatment discontinuation. All @entity0 who continued the treatment protocol had excellent response to therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 therapy for genital @entity7 was successfully initiated and the dosage increased in 9 young @entity0 without significant side effects and with marked improvement in all @entity0 who continued on  treatment. @entity4 is the only Food and Drug Administration approved therapy for treatment of @entity0 with this @entity1 and should be considered first-line therapy for genital @entity7 .

title: XXXX for Treatment of Genital Infantile Hemangioma.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Direct brain control of overground walking in those with @entity1 due to @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has not been achieved. Invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) may provide a permanent solution to this problem by directly linking the brain to lower extremity prostheses. To justify the pursuit of such invasive systems, the feasibility of BCI controlled overground walking should first be established in a noninvasive manner. To accomplish this goal, we developed an electroencephalogram (EEG)-based BCI to control a functional electrical stimulation (FES) system for overground walking and assessed its performance in an individual with @entity1 due to @entity2 . METHODS: An individual with @entity2 (T6 AIS B) was recruited for the study and was trained to operate an EEG-based BCI system using an attempted walking/idling control strategy. He also underwent muscle reconditioning to facilitate standing and overground walking with a commercial FES system. Subsequently, the BCI and FES systems were integrated and the @entity0 engaged in several real-time walking tests using the BCI-FES system. This was done in both a suspended, off-the-ground condition, and an overground walking condition. BCI states, gyroscope, laser distance meter, and video recording data were used to assess the BCI performance. RESULTS: During the course of 19 weeks, the @entity0 performed 30 real-time, BCI-FES controlled overground walking tests, and demonstrated the ability to purposefully operate the BCI-FES system by following verbal cues. Based on the comparison between the ground truth and decoded BCI states, he achieved information transfer rates >3 bit/s and correlations >0.9. No adverse events directly related to the study were observed. CONCLUSION: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates for the first time that restoring brain-controlled overground walking after @entity1 due to @entity2 is feasible. Further studies are warranted to establish the generalizability of these results in a population of individuals with @entity1 due to @entity2 . If this noninvasive system is successfully tested in population studies, the pursuit of permanent, invasive BCI walking prostheses may be justified. In addition, a simplified version of the current system may be explored as a noninvasive neurorehabilitative therapy in those with incomplete motor @entity2 .

title: The feasibility of a brain-computer interface functional electrical stimulation system for the restoration of overground walking after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The belief that Chinese teas are of immense health benefits by many Nigerians has led to high consumption rate. OBJECTIVES: This study has determined lead and @entity1 ( @entity2 ) levels of Chinese teas popularly consumed in Nigeria and to estimate the potential health risks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty brands of Chinese teas commonly consumed in Nigeria purchased in October 2014 were used in the study. Tea samples were extracted and digested. Lead, and @entity2 were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) and gas chromatographic methods, respectively. Daily intake, percent violations of permissible limits, target hazard quotients (THQ), Health Risk Index (HRI) of lead, and other @entity0 risk parameters of @entity2 were estimated. RESULTS: All the tea samples except super natural green tea violated the WHO permissible limit of lead (0.01 mg/kg) by over 100%. The HRI ranged from 5.09 x 10(-5) - 7.20 * 10(-4) . Among the single analyzed compounds, the @entity4 had the highest concentration of 14.31 mg/kg. The intake of @entity3 was detected in 25% of the samples which ranged from 0.066 to 0.145 mg/kg and exceeded the permissible daily limit of @entity3 intake. The estimated @entity0 risk from this study in an adult is 5.07 * 10(-9). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that consumption of Chinese teas in Nigeria may not be one of the factors responsible for the increased rate of @entity0 in Nigeria. KEY WORDS: lead, teas, permissible limits, risk assessment, food safety analysis, Nigeria.

title: Survey of XXXX and lead in Chinese teas sold in Nigeria: levels and health implications.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genetic selection for production traits has resulted in a rapid improvement in animal performance and development. Previous studies have mapped quantitative trait loci for body weight at 35 and 41 days, and drum and thigh yield, onto @entity1 chromosome 4. We investigated this region for single nucleotide polymorphisms and their associations with important economic traits. Three positional candidate genes were studied: @entity3 (Kr  eppel-like factor 3), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity2 ( @entity5 ). Fragment sequencing of these genes was conducted in 11 F1 animals, and one polymorphism in each gene was selected and genotyped in an F2 population (N = 276) and a paternal broiler line TT (N = 840). Associations were identified with growth, carcass, and fat traits in the F2 and the paternal line (P < 0.05). Using single markers in both the F2 and the TT line, @entity3 was associated with @entity0 (P < 0.05), PPPARGC1A was associated with liver and wing-parts weights and yields (P < 0.05), and @entity4 was associated with back yield (P < 0.05) and fat traits (P < 0.05). Using multiple markers, @entity3 lost its significance in both populations, and @entity4 was associated with feed conversion only in the TT population (P < 0.05). The QTLs mapped in the F2 population could be partly explained by @entity2 and @entity4 , which were associated with body weight at 35 and 41 days, respectively, and with drum and thigh yield in the same population. The results of this study indicate the importance of these genes for production traits.

title: Identification of polymorphisms associated with production traits on XXXX ( @entity1 ) chromosome 4.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genetic selection for production traits has resulted in a rapid improvement in animal performance and development. Previous studies have mapped quantitative trait loci for body weight at 35 and 41 days, and drum and thigh yield, onto @entity1 chromosome 4. We investigated this region for single nucleotide polymorphisms and their associations with important economic traits. Three positional candidate genes were studied: @entity3 (Kr  eppel-like factor 3), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity2 ( @entity5 ). Fragment sequencing of these genes was conducted in 11 F1 animals, and one polymorphism in each gene was selected and genotyped in an F2 population (N = 276) and a paternal broiler line TT (N = 840). Associations were identified with growth, carcass, and fat traits in the F2 and the paternal line (P < 0.05). Using single markers in both the F2 and the TT line, @entity3 was associated with @entity0 (P < 0.05), PPPARGC1A was associated with liver and wing-parts weights and yields (P < 0.05), and @entity4 was associated with back yield (P < 0.05) and fat traits (P < 0.05). Using multiple markers, @entity3 lost its significance in both populations, and @entity4 was associated with feed conversion only in the TT population (P < 0.05). The QTLs mapped in the F2 population could be partly explained by @entity2 and @entity4 , which were associated with body weight at 35 and 41 days, respectively, and with drum and thigh yield in the same population. The results of this study indicate the importance of these genes for production traits.

title: Identification of polymorphisms associated with production traits on @entity1 ( XXXX ) chromosome 4.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Numerous studies have evaluated the association between the @entity3 polymorphism of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) gene and @entity0 risk. However, the specific association is still controversial. This meta-analysis was therefore designed to clarify these controversies. Relevant case-control studies were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Quality evaluation of the included studies was conducted by two physicians. Statistical analyses were carried out using the Stata 12.0 software for meta-analysis. Analyses of sensitivity and publication bias were also conducted. Overall, a significant association was found between the @entity3 polymorphism and @entity0 risk when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis ( @entity1 / @entity1 vs His/His: OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.15-3.00; @entity1 / @entity1 vs @entity1 /His: OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.03-1.32; dominant model: OR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.74-0.95; recessive model: OR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.05-2.70). This meta-analysis suggested that the @entity2 @entity3 polymorphism was associated with the risk of @entity0 . Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm these conclusions.

title: XXXX polymorphism in the @entity2 gene and the risk of @entity0 : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Numerous studies have evaluated the association between the @entity3 polymorphism of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) gene and @entity0 risk. However, the specific association is still controversial. This meta-analysis was therefore designed to clarify these controversies. Relevant case-control studies were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Quality evaluation of the included studies was conducted by two physicians. Statistical analyses were carried out using the Stata 12.0 software for meta-analysis. Analyses of sensitivity and publication bias were also conducted. Overall, a significant association was found between the @entity3 polymorphism and @entity0 risk when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis ( @entity1 / @entity1 vs His/His: OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.15-3.00; @entity1 / @entity1 vs @entity1 /His: OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.03-1.32; dominant model: OR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.74-0.95; recessive model: OR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.05-2.70). This meta-analysis suggested that the @entity2 @entity3 polymorphism was associated with the risk of @entity0 . Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm these conclusions.

title: @entity3 polymorphism in the XXXX gene and the risk of @entity0 : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Numerous studies have evaluated the association between the @entity3 polymorphism of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) gene and @entity0 risk. However, the specific association is still controversial. This meta-analysis was therefore designed to clarify these controversies. Relevant case-control studies were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Quality evaluation of the included studies was conducted by two physicians. Statistical analyses were carried out using the Stata 12.0 software for meta-analysis. Analyses of sensitivity and publication bias were also conducted. Overall, a significant association was found between the @entity3 polymorphism and @entity0 risk when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis ( @entity1 / @entity1 vs His/His: OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.15-3.00; @entity1 / @entity1 vs @entity1 /His: OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.03-1.32; dominant model: OR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.74-0.95; recessive model: OR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.05-2.70). This meta-analysis suggested that the @entity2 @entity3 polymorphism was associated with the risk of @entity0 . Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm these conclusions.

title: @entity3 polymorphism in the @entity2 gene and the risk of XXXX : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Ureteral stent discomfort is a significant postoperative problem for  many @entity0 . Despite the use of narcotics and a-blockers @entity0 often experience bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms and @entity1 , which impair daily activities. We compared combination therapy with an a-blocker and an anticholinergic to monotherapy with an a-blocker. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was performed from December 2012 to April 2014. A total of 80 @entity0 were randomized, including 44 to the combination group ( @entity4 0.4 mg and @entity3 early release 4 mg) and 36 to the monotherapy group ( @entity4 0.4 mg and placebo). @entity0 with preexisting ureteral stent placement or current anticholinergic therapy were excluded from study. @entity0 completed USSQ (Urinary Stent Symptom Questionnaire) before stent placement on the day of surgery, the day after stent placement, the morning of stent removal and the day after stent removal. The questionnaire included questions regarding urinary symptoms, general health, @entity1 , and work and sexual history. RESULTS: A total of 80 @entity0 (40 males and 40 females) were studied. Mean age was 51.5 vs 51.3 years (p = 0.95) and mean body mass index was 33.6 vs 31.9  kg/m(2) (p = 0.44) in monotherapy group 1 vs combination therapy group 2. Between  the 2 groups there was no significant difference in urinary symptoms, @entity1 and activities of daily living from baseline to just before stent removal (p = 0.95, 0.40 and 0.95, respectively). Although there was no difference between the groups, both showed improvement in urinary symptoms from the time of  initial stent insertion to just prior to stent removal (difference -0.50 for combination therapy and -0.40 for monotherapy). The mean stent indwelling time of 9.6 and 8.7 days in the combination and monotherapy groups, respectively, did not differ (p = 0.67). On ANOVA it had no significant impact on results (p = 0.64). CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy with @entity4 and @entity3 does not appear to improve urinary symptoms, bodily @entity1 or quality of life in @entity0 after ureteral stent placement for @entity2 compared to @entity4 alone. Both groups experienced worse urinary symptoms, @entity1 and quality of life with a stent, suggesting that further research is necessary to improve stent discomfort.

title: Does Combination Therapy with @entity4 and XXXX Improve Ureteral Stent Discomfort Compared with @entity4 Alone? A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Ureteral stent discomfort is a significant postoperative problem for  many @entity0 . Despite the use of narcotics and a-blockers @entity0 often experience bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms and @entity1 , which impair daily activities. We compared combination therapy with an a-blocker and an anticholinergic to monotherapy with an a-blocker. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was performed from December 2012 to April 2014. A total of 80 @entity0 were randomized, including 44 to the combination group ( @entity4 0.4 mg and @entity3 early release 4 mg) and 36 to the monotherapy group ( @entity4 0.4 mg and placebo). @entity0 with preexisting ureteral stent placement or current anticholinergic therapy were excluded from study. @entity0 completed USSQ (Urinary Stent Symptom Questionnaire) before stent placement on the day of surgery, the day after stent placement, the morning of stent removal and the day after stent removal. The questionnaire included questions regarding urinary symptoms, general health, @entity1 , and work and sexual history. RESULTS: A total of 80 @entity0 (40 males and 40 females) were studied. Mean age was 51.5 vs 51.3 years (p = 0.95) and mean body mass index was 33.6 vs 31.9  kg/m(2) (p = 0.44) in monotherapy group 1 vs combination therapy group 2. Between  the 2 groups there was no significant difference in urinary symptoms, @entity1 and activities of daily living from baseline to just before stent removal (p = 0.95, 0.40 and 0.95, respectively). Although there was no difference between the groups, both showed improvement in urinary symptoms from the time of  initial stent insertion to just prior to stent removal (difference -0.50 for combination therapy and -0.40 for monotherapy). The mean stent indwelling time of 9.6 and 8.7 days in the combination and monotherapy groups, respectively, did not differ (p = 0.67). On ANOVA it had no significant impact on results (p = 0.64). CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy with @entity4 and @entity3 does not appear to improve urinary symptoms, bodily @entity1 or quality of life in @entity0 after ureteral stent placement for @entity2 compared to @entity4 alone. Both groups experienced worse urinary symptoms, @entity1 and quality of life with a stent, suggesting that further research is necessary to improve stent discomfort.

title: Does Combination Therapy with XXXX and @entity3 Improve Ureteral Stent Discomfort Compared with @entity4 Alone? A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Ureteral stent discomfort is a significant postoperative problem for  many @entity0 . Despite the use of narcotics and a-blockers @entity0 often experience bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms and @entity1 , which impair daily activities. We compared combination therapy with an a-blocker and an anticholinergic to monotherapy with an a-blocker. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was performed from December 2012 to April 2014. A total of 80 @entity0 were randomized, including 44 to the combination group ( @entity4 0.4 mg and @entity3 early release 4 mg) and 36 to the monotherapy group ( @entity4 0.4 mg and placebo). @entity0 with preexisting ureteral stent placement or current anticholinergic therapy were excluded from study. @entity0 completed USSQ (Urinary Stent Symptom Questionnaire) before stent placement on the day of surgery, the day after stent placement, the morning of stent removal and the day after stent removal. The questionnaire included questions regarding urinary symptoms, general health, @entity1 , and work and sexual history. RESULTS: A total of 80 @entity0 (40 males and 40 females) were studied. Mean age was 51.5 vs 51.3 years (p = 0.95) and mean body mass index was 33.6 vs 31.9  kg/m(2) (p = 0.44) in monotherapy group 1 vs combination therapy group 2. Between  the 2 groups there was no significant difference in urinary symptoms, @entity1 and activities of daily living from baseline to just before stent removal (p = 0.95, 0.40 and 0.95, respectively). Although there was no difference between the groups, both showed improvement in urinary symptoms from the time of  initial stent insertion to just prior to stent removal (difference -0.50 for combination therapy and -0.40 for monotherapy). The mean stent indwelling time of 9.6 and 8.7 days in the combination and monotherapy groups, respectively, did not differ (p = 0.67). On ANOVA it had no significant impact on results (p = 0.64). CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy with @entity4 and @entity3 does not appear to improve urinary symptoms, bodily @entity1 or quality of life in @entity0 after ureteral stent placement for @entity2 compared to @entity4 alone. Both groups experienced worse urinary symptoms, @entity1 and quality of life with a stent, suggesting that further research is necessary to improve stent discomfort.

title: Does Combination Therapy with @entity4 and @entity3 Improve Ureteral Stent Discomfort Compared with XXXX Alone? A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The nephrotoxicity associated with @entity6 may be manifested as either @entity11 or an immune complex @entity7 , depending upon the conditions under which the @entity0 is exposed to the metal. Two @entity0 with industrial exposure to @entity6 developed the @entity9 due to @entity7 . A multidisciplinary approach was used to define more precisely the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the production of the @entity1 . Although glomeruli were normal by light microscopy, immunohistochemical studies demonstrated confluent finely granular epimembranous deposits of IgG and C3. This distribution was confirmed at the ultrastructural level with immunoelectron microscopy. High resolution elemental analysis of electron dense inclusions in tubular epithelial phagolysosomes demonstrated energy dispersion spectra characteristic of coexisting @entity6 and @entity10 . Eluates from the biopsy material were not immunoreactive against normal @entity2 or @entity0 kidney. There was no immunoreactivity of epimembranous deposits with antibodies having renal tubular epithelial antigen or urinary uromucoid specificity. These observations suggest that a distinctive @entity3 is associated with @entity6 -associated membraneous @entity7 , that the role of the metal itself may only be coincidental, and that the involved antigen remains unknown. @entity5 therapy had no documented persistent beneficial influence upon the level of @entity8 in one @entity0 who has been lost to follow-up. In one @entity0 not treated with @entity4 therapy, withdrawal of exposure to the metal resulted in disappearance of @entity6 from body fluids and clinical remission.

title: XXXX associated with industrial @entity6 exposure. Study of pathogenetic mechanisms.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The nephrotoxicity associated with @entity6 may be manifested as either @entity11 or an immune complex @entity7 , depending upon the conditions under which the @entity0 is exposed to the metal. Two @entity0 with industrial exposure to @entity6 developed the @entity9 due to @entity7 . A multidisciplinary approach was used to define more precisely the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the production of the @entity1 . Although glomeruli were normal by light microscopy, immunohistochemical studies demonstrated confluent finely granular epimembranous deposits of IgG and C3. This distribution was confirmed at the ultrastructural level with immunoelectron microscopy. High resolution elemental analysis of electron dense inclusions in tubular epithelial phagolysosomes demonstrated energy dispersion spectra characteristic of coexisting @entity6 and @entity10 . Eluates from the biopsy material were not immunoreactive against normal @entity2 or @entity0 kidney. There was no immunoreactivity of epimembranous deposits with antibodies having renal tubular epithelial antigen or urinary uromucoid specificity. These observations suggest that a distinctive @entity3 is associated with @entity6 -associated membraneous @entity7 , that the role of the metal itself may only be coincidental, and that the involved antigen remains unknown. @entity5 therapy had no documented persistent beneficial influence upon the level of @entity8 in one @entity0 who has been lost to follow-up. In one @entity0 not treated with @entity4 therapy, withdrawal of exposure to the metal resulted in disappearance of @entity6 from body fluids and clinical remission.

title: @entity7 associated with industrial XXXX exposure. Study of pathogenetic mechanisms.

answer: @entity6


abstract: RATIONALE: Survivors of @entity4 have impaired functional status. @entity5 is associated with poor outcomes in @entity0 with @entity4 , but the impact of @entity5 on functional outcome and discharge destination of survivors is unknown. OBJECTIVES: This study describes patterns of fluid management both during and after @entity4 , and examines factors associated with @entity5 on intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. We then examine associations between @entity5 on ICU discharge and mobility limitation and discharge to a healthcare facility in @entity4 survivors, with the hypothesis that @entity5 is associated with increased odds of these outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 247 @entity0 admitted with @entity4 to an academic county hospital from June 2009 to April 2012, who survived to ICU discharge. We defined @entity5 as a fluid balance expected to increase the subject's admission weight by 10%. Statistical methods included unadjusted analyses and multivariable logistic regression. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Eighty-six percent of @entity0 had a positive fluid balance and 35% had @entity5 on ICU discharge. Factors associated with @entity5 in unadjusted analyses included more @entity3 , @entity2 , blood transfusion during shock, and higher volumes of fluid administration both during and after shock. Blood transfusion during shock was independently associated with increased odds of @entity5 (odds ratio [OR] 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33-5.27, p=0.01) after adjusting for pre-existing conditions and severity of illness. Only 42% of @entity0 received at least one dose of diuretic during their hospitalization. @entity5 on ICU discharge was independently associated with inability to ambulate on hospital discharge (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.24-4.25, p=0.01) and, in @entity0 admitted from home, discharge to a healthcare facility (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.1-4.98, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is independently associated with @entity1 and discharge to a healthcare facility in survivors of @entity4 . Prevention and treatment of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity4 warrants further investigation.

title: Volume Overload: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Functional Outcome in Survivors of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Seventeen consecutive @entity0 who underwent repair of postinfarction @entity3 between 1975 and 1980 at the Yale-New Haven Medical Center are reported on. The most important prognostic indicator of a favorable outcome was the @entity0 's preoperative hemodynamic state. The mortality rate ranged from 83 percent for @entity0 in shock to no mortality in @entity0 with mild to moderate symptoms. There was a strong tendency for hemodynamic deterioration despite hemodynamic support with pharmacologic agents as well as intraaortic balloon pumping. Our review indicates that several @entity0 might have been saved if operation had been performed earlier. Based on this experience and that of others, a management plan is formulated, and we recommend early surgical intervention in all operable @entity0 with @entity3 . In @entity0 with severe @entity2 , we forego full cardiac catheterization, confirming the diagnosis by an @entity1 step-up in the pulmonary artery only. These @entity0 undergo operation on an urgent basis. No undue technical difficulties were related to early operation. At present, maximum survival of @entity0 with postinfarction @entity3 may be accomplished by early surgical intervention in all operable cases.

title: Changing patterns in the surgical management of XXXX after myocardial infarction.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 case fatality is decreasing over time. Less, however, is known about @entity0 ' health-related quality of life (HRQoL), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and costs. We studied all these with two data sets collected in Finland 10 years apart. METHODS: A total of 468 and 355 first-ever @entity2 @entity0 were followed up 1 year in two studies (Study 1 in 1989-1991 and Study 2 in 2001-2003). Case fatality, HRQoL measured by the 15D, QALYs, costs, and first-year cost/QALY were compared. Regression analysis was used to examine the effects of various factors on QALYs. RESULTS: In the later study, the case fatality rates were lower and the mean 15D scores higher. During the follow-up year, @entity0 experienced on average 0.519 (95% CI 0.453-0.555) and 0.646 (95% CI 0.613-0.680) QALYs in Study 1 and Study 2, respectively (P < 0.001). Age, modified Rankin Scale before @entity1 onset, acute phase Scandinavian @entity1 Scale, and the study group explained the variance of QALYs. The first-year mean total costs were 10 626     and 14 603     and the mean cost/QALY 20 474     and 22 605     in Study 1 and Study 2, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Study 2 compared with Study 1 was 31 315     without and 60 684     with @entity0 characteristics standardization. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 @entity0 ' improved outcome is clear, but it remains uncertain to what extent it is attributable to the development of care. More research is needed to study the cost-effectiveness of @entity1 care.

title: Health outcomes and costs of XXXX @entity0 in Finland.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 case fatality is decreasing over time. Less, however, is known about @entity0 ' health-related quality of life (HRQoL), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and costs. We studied all these with two data sets collected in Finland 10 years apart. METHODS: A total of 468 and 355 first-ever @entity2 @entity0 were followed up 1 year in two studies (Study 1 in 1989-1991 and Study 2 in 2001-2003). Case fatality, HRQoL measured by the 15D, QALYs, costs, and first-year cost/QALY were compared. Regression analysis was used to examine the effects of various factors on QALYs. RESULTS: In the later study, the case fatality rates were lower and the mean 15D scores higher. During the follow-up year, @entity0 experienced on average 0.519 (95% CI 0.453-0.555) and 0.646 (95% CI 0.613-0.680) QALYs in Study 1 and Study 2, respectively (P < 0.001). Age, modified Rankin Scale before @entity1 onset, acute phase Scandinavian @entity1 Scale, and the study group explained the variance of QALYs. The first-year mean total costs were 10 626     and 14 603     and the mean cost/QALY 20 474     and 22 605     in Study 1 and Study 2, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Study 2 compared with Study 1 was 31 315     without and 60 684     with @entity0 characteristics standardization. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 @entity0 ' improved outcome is clear, but it remains uncertain to what extent it is attributable to the development of care. More research is needed to study the cost-effectiveness of @entity1 care.

title: Health outcomes and costs of @entity2 XXXX in Finland.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: Pre-clinical and few clinical studies suggest that transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNC) improves heart function in dilated @entity1 . Our objective was to determine if intracoronary injection of autologous BMNC improves the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial with a follow-up of 12 months. @entity0 with @entity2 and LVEF <35% were recruited at @entity3 ambulatories in specialized hospitals around Brazil. One hundred and sixty subjects were randomized to intracoronary injection of BMNC or placebo (1:1). The primary endpoint was the difference in change of LVEF between BMNC and placebo groups as determined by echocardiography. One hundred and fifteen @entity0 completed the study. Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 24.0% (21.6-26.3) to 19.9% (15.4-24.4) in the BMNC group and from 24.3% (22.1-26.5) to 22.1% (17.4-26.8) in the placebo group. There were no significant differences in changes between cell and placebo groups for left ventricular systolic and diastolic volumes and ejection fraction. Mortality rate was 20.37% in placebo and 21.31% in BMNC. CONCLUSION: Intracoronary injection of autologous BMNC does not improve left ventricular function in @entity0 with @entity2 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00333827.

title: Multicentre, randomized, double-blind trial of intracoronary autologous mononuclear bone marrow cell injection in @entity2 (the dilated XXXX arm of the MiHeart study).

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: Pre-clinical and few clinical studies suggest that transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNC) improves heart function in dilated @entity1 . Our objective was to determine if intracoronary injection of autologous BMNC improves the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial with a follow-up of 12 months. @entity0 with @entity2 and LVEF <35% were recruited at @entity3 ambulatories in specialized hospitals around Brazil. One hundred and sixty subjects were randomized to intracoronary injection of BMNC or placebo (1:1). The primary endpoint was the difference in change of LVEF between BMNC and placebo groups as determined by echocardiography. One hundred and fifteen @entity0 completed the study. Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 24.0% (21.6-26.3) to 19.9% (15.4-24.4) in the BMNC group and from 24.3% (22.1-26.5) to 22.1% (17.4-26.8) in the placebo group. There were no significant differences in changes between cell and placebo groups for left ventricular systolic and diastolic volumes and ejection fraction. Mortality rate was 20.37% in placebo and 21.31% in BMNC. CONCLUSION: Intracoronary injection of autologous BMNC does not improve left ventricular function in @entity0 with @entity2 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00333827.

title: Multicentre, randomized, double-blind trial of intracoronary autologous mononuclear bone marrow cell injection in XXXX (the dilated @entity1 arm of the MiHeart study).

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plasma consists of DNA released from multiple tissues within the body. Using genome-wide @entity4 sequencing of plasma DNA and deconvolution of the sequencing data with reference to methylation profiles of different tissues, we developed a general approach for studying the major tissue contributors to the circulating DNA pool. We tested this method in pregnant @entity0 , @entity0 with @entity2 , and subjects following bone marrow and liver transplantation. In most subjects, white blood cells were the predominant contributors to the circulating DNA pool. The placental contributions in the plasma of pregnant @entity0 correlated with the proportional contributions as revealed by fetal-specific genetic markers. The graft-derived contributions to the plasma in the transplant recipients correlated with those determined using donor-specific genetic markers. @entity0 with @entity2 showed elevated plasma DNA contributions from the liver, which correlated with measurements made using @entity1 -associated copy number aberrations. In @entity2 @entity0 and in pregnant @entity0 exhibiting copy number aberrations in plasma, comparison of methylation deconvolution results using genomic regions with different copy number status pinpointed the tissue type responsible for the aberrations. In a pregnant @entity0 diagnosed as having @entity3 during pregnancy, methylation deconvolution indicated a grossly elevated contribution from B cells into the plasma DNA pool and localized B cells as the origin of the copy number aberrations observed in plasma. This method may serve as a powerful tool for assessing a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions based on the identification of perturbed proportional contributions of different tissues into plasma.

title: Plasma DNA tissue mapping by genome-wide methylation sequencing for noninvasive prenatal, XXXX , and transplantation assessments.

answer: @entity1