abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of benign, @entity7 , and malignant @entity5 and whether clinical data can predict histopathologic outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Five hundred nine @entity0 with @entity5 who consecutively underwent hysteroscopic removal of @entity5 48 months were identified from our gynecologic oncology surgical database. Medical reports provided clinical data. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Histologically, 358 @entity3 (70.3%) were benign; 131 @entity3 (25.7%) had simple or @entity6 , 16 @entity3 (3.1%) had @entity4 with atypia, and 4 @entity3 (0.8%) were @entity1 . @entity3 were divided into group A and group B, according to the risk of @entity1 (group A, benign; group B, atypical @entity7 and @entity1 ). Age, menopause status, and @entity2 were associated significantly with group B. CONCLUSION: @entity5 rarely become malignant, but @entity7 changes are more common. Age, menopause status, and @entity2 may increase the risk of premalignant and malignant @entity3 . To @entity3 and a reliable histologic analysis, operative hysteroscopy should be offered to symptomatic @entity0 or to @entity0 with risk factors.

title: Histopathologic features and risk factors for XXXX , @entity4 , and @entity1 in @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of benign, @entity7 , and malignant @entity5 and whether clinical data can predict histopathologic outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Five hundred nine @entity0 with @entity5 who consecutively underwent hysteroscopic removal of @entity5 48 months were identified from our gynecologic oncology surgical database. Medical reports provided clinical data. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Histologically, 358 @entity3 (70.3%) were benign; 131 @entity3 (25.7%) had simple or @entity6 , 16 @entity3 (3.1%) had @entity4 with atypia, and 4 @entity3 (0.8%) were @entity1 . @entity3 were divided into group A and group B, according to the risk of @entity1 (group A, benign; group B, atypical @entity7 and @entity1 ). Age, menopause status, and @entity2 were associated significantly with group B. CONCLUSION: @entity5 rarely become malignant, but @entity7 changes are more common. Age, menopause status, and @entity2 may increase the risk of premalignant and malignant @entity3 . To @entity3 and a reliable histologic analysis, operative hysteroscopy should be offered to symptomatic @entity0 or to @entity0 with risk factors.

title: Histopathologic features and risk factors for @entity1 , @entity4 , and XXXX in @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess the effect of the time interval between referral cytology and the outcome of colposcopically directed biopsy in relation to @entity2 ) DNA detected by polymerase chain reaction in @entity0 referred after abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. STUDY DESIGN: The study enrolled 453 @entity0 who were referred for colposcopic examination after two Pap smears were reported as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or low-grade @entity1 (LSIL) and 553 @entity0 who were referred with a single smear reported as @entity3 ( @entity3 ). RESULTS: The results in both @entity0 groups were evaluated in time intervals of 60 days or more, 61 to 120 days, and more than 120 days between referral and colposcopy. A higher proportion of white @entity0 than African American @entity0 and Hispanic @entity0 were seen within 60 days after referral in both referral groups. @entity0 of all race/ethnic backgrounds referred with @entity3 were seen within 60 days in a significantly larger proportion than @entity0 referred with ASCUS/LSIL. @entity0 referred with ASCUS/LSIL had an increasing frequency of negative HPV findings with the prolonged time intervals. In @entity0 referred with a single smear of @entity3 , there was a significantly decreasing trend over time in detection of low-risk and unidentified types of HPV and an increasing trend of HPV DNA negative results. CONCLUSION: The frequency of high-risk HPV DNA was similar in @entity0 referred with ASCUS/LSIL or @entity3 . In both referral groups, there was a time-dependent increase of negative biopsy results and a decreased frequency of low-risk HPV or of unidentified HPV types. This suggests that the initial abnormality on the Pap smear associated with other than high-risk HPV types may regress over time. The presence of high-risk HPV DNA does not predict the actual histologically verifiable tissue changes but indicates a lower probability of negative biopsy results in all time intervals between referral and biopsy.

title: The effect of time interval between referral and colposcopy on detection of XXXX DNA and on outcome of biopsy.

answer: @entity2


abstract:
UNASSIGNED: Objective  To investigate the role of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) in evaluating in the effectiveness of conservative treatment for professional athletes with @entity1 . Methods  According to different treatment intensities,24 professional athletes with @entity1 were randomly divided into painless group,slightly-painful group and extremely-painful group. Then changes of the HFUS findings [including ranges of two-dimensional diseases and blood conditions by Color Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI)] of patellar tendon before and after the treatment were recorded. The Results  were also compared with conventional clinical treatment evaluations. Results  After two courses of treatment,the percentage of athletes whose @entity0 was resolved or disappeared was 37.5% in painless group,87.5% in slightly-painful group,and 62.5% in extremely-painful group. The @entity0 score was 4.50  2.07,4.88  1.13,and 6.13  1.55 in painless group,slightly-painful group,and extremely-painful group,respectively,before treatment and 4.88  2.17,3.00  1.77,and 5.13  2.36 after treatment. The average @entity0 score remarkably decreased in the slightly-painful group and extremely-painful group,and such difference was statistically significant in the slightly- @entity0 group (P<0.05). The effective rate (defined as thinner patellar,decreased hypoecho area and fewer blood distribution in the lesion) was 38%,50%,and 62% in the painless group,slightly-painful group,and extremely-painful group,and the rates in the slightly-painful group and extremely-painful group were significantly higher than that in painless group (both P<0.05). Conclusion s HFUS can display the ultrasonographic changes of @entity1 after conservative treatments in an objective and quantitative manner. Compared with conventional clinical evaluations,it can more accurately reflect the disease recovery status.
.

title: Use of Ultrasound in the Follow-up of Professional Athletes Receiving Conservative Treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the effects of surgery and timing of radiotherapy on @entity0 survival in grade 2 @entity2 . METHODS: One hundred and eighty-nine @entity0 with diffuse @entity3 , @entity3 , and @entity4 , World Health Organization grade 2, treated between 1982 and 2000 were identified. The impact of treatment given and clinical parameters were studied in univariate- and multivariate survival analyses. RESULTS: Median survival for the whole @entity0 sample was 6.4 years and the 5-year survival rate was 60%. Macroscopic total resection was beneficial in the univariate analysis (P=0.03) but not when adjusting for confounders. Early subtotal resection did not prolong survival. Early radiotherapy was associated with a shorter survival time compared to delayed or no irradiation (P=0.004). However, this difference was mainly due to an unequal distribution of prognostic factors and was not significant in the multivariate analysis. The most important predictors for long survival time were young age ( P<0.001), @entity4 histology ( P<0.001), and small @entity1 size ( P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Early conventional treatment with surgery and radiotherapy had no positive effect on @entity0 survival. This opens up the possibility of trying and evaluating other first-line treatment regimens in this disease.

title: On the issue of early and aggressive treatment in grade 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: The involvement of various penile structures in radiotherapy (RT)-induced @entity3 survivors remains unclear and domains beyond @entity4 such as orgasm, and @entity1 have typically not been considered. The purpose of this study was to investigate @entity2 post-RT for @entity3 and to examine whether radiation dose to different penile structures can explain these symptoms. METHODS: We investigated @entity2 in two treated @entity3 cohorts and in one non-pelvic-irradiated cohort, 328 sexually active @entity0 part of an unselected, population-based study conducted in 2008. The treated subjects were prescribed primary/salvage external-beam RT to 70 Gy@2.0 Gy/fraction. Absorbed RT doses (Dmean and Dmax ) of the corpora cavernosa (CC), the penile bulb (PB), and the total penile structure (CC   +   PB) were related to 13 @entity0 -reported symptoms on @entity2 by means of factor analysis (FA) and logistic regression. RESULTS: Three distinct symptom domains were identified across all cohorts: " @entity4 " ( @entity4 , two to five symptoms), " @entity5 " ( @entity5 , two to four symptoms), and " @entity1 " (two to three symptoms). The strongest predictor for @entity4 symptoms was CC   +   PB Dmax (P   =   0.001-0.03), CC and PB Dmean predicted @entity5 symptoms equally well (P   =   0.03 and 0.02-0.05, respectively), and the strongest predictor for @entity1 symptoms was CC   +   PB Dmean (P   =   0.02-0.03). CONCLUSION: @entity2 following RT was separated into three main domains with symptoms related to @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity1 . Chances for intact sexual functionality may be increased if dose to the total penile structure can be restricted for these domains in the planning of RT. Thor M, Olsson CE, Oh JH, Alsadius D, Pettersson N, Deasy JO, and Steineck G. Radiation dose to the penile structures and @entity0 -reported @entity2 in long-term @entity3 survivors. J Sex Med **;**:**-**.

title: Radiation Dose to the Penile Structures and @entity0 -Reported @entity2 in Long-Term XXXX Survivors.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: The involvement of various penile structures in radiotherapy (RT)-induced @entity3 survivors remains unclear and domains beyond @entity4 such as orgasm, and @entity1 have typically not been considered. The purpose of this study was to investigate @entity2 post-RT for @entity3 and to examine whether radiation dose to different penile structures can explain these symptoms. METHODS: We investigated @entity2 in two treated @entity3 cohorts and in one non-pelvic-irradiated cohort, 328 sexually active @entity0 part of an unselected, population-based study conducted in 2008. The treated subjects were prescribed primary/salvage external-beam RT to 70 Gy@2.0 Gy/fraction. Absorbed RT doses (Dmean and Dmax ) of the corpora cavernosa (CC), the penile bulb (PB), and the total penile structure (CC   +   PB) were related to 13 @entity0 -reported symptoms on @entity2 by means of factor analysis (FA) and logistic regression. RESULTS: Three distinct symptom domains were identified across all cohorts: " @entity4 " ( @entity4 , two to five symptoms), " @entity5 " ( @entity5 , two to four symptoms), and " @entity1 " (two to three symptoms). The strongest predictor for @entity4 symptoms was CC   +   PB Dmax (P   =   0.001-0.03), CC and PB Dmean predicted @entity5 symptoms equally well (P   =   0.03 and 0.02-0.05, respectively), and the strongest predictor for @entity1 symptoms was CC   +   PB Dmean (P   =   0.02-0.03). CONCLUSION: @entity2 following RT was separated into three main domains with symptoms related to @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity1 . Chances for intact sexual functionality may be increased if dose to the total penile structure can be restricted for these domains in the planning of RT. Thor M, Olsson CE, Oh JH, Alsadius D, Pettersson N, Deasy JO, and Steineck G. Radiation dose to the penile structures and @entity0 -reported @entity2 in long-term @entity3 survivors. J Sex Med **;**:**-**.

title: Radiation Dose to the Penile Structures and @entity0 -Reported XXXX in Long-Term @entity3 Survivors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: The involvement of various penile structures in radiotherapy (RT)-induced @entity3 survivors remains unclear and domains beyond @entity4 such as orgasm, and @entity1 have typically not been considered. The purpose of this study was to investigate @entity2 post-RT for @entity3 and to examine whether radiation dose to different penile structures can explain these symptoms. METHODS: We investigated @entity2 in two treated @entity3 cohorts and in one non-pelvic-irradiated cohort, 328 sexually active @entity0 part of an unselected, population-based study conducted in 2008. The treated subjects were prescribed primary/salvage external-beam RT to 70 Gy@2.0 Gy/fraction. Absorbed RT doses (Dmean and Dmax ) of the corpora cavernosa (CC), the penile bulb (PB), and the total penile structure (CC   +   PB) were related to 13 @entity0 -reported symptoms on @entity2 by means of factor analysis (FA) and logistic regression. RESULTS: Three distinct symptom domains were identified across all cohorts: " @entity4 " ( @entity4 , two to five symptoms), " @entity5 " ( @entity5 , two to four symptoms), and " @entity1 " (two to three symptoms). The strongest predictor for @entity4 symptoms was CC   +   PB Dmax (P   =   0.001-0.03), CC and PB Dmean predicted @entity5 symptoms equally well (P   =   0.03 and 0.02-0.05, respectively), and the strongest predictor for @entity1 symptoms was CC   +   PB Dmean (P   =   0.02-0.03). CONCLUSION: @entity2 following RT was separated into three main domains with symptoms related to @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity1 . Chances for intact sexual functionality may be increased if dose to the total penile structure can be restricted for these domains in the planning of RT. Thor M, Olsson CE, Oh JH, Alsadius D, Pettersson N, Deasy JO, and Steineck G. Radiation dose to the penile structures and @entity0 -reported @entity2 in long-term @entity3 survivors. J Sex Med **;**:**-**.

title: Radiation Dose to the Penile Structures and XXXX -Reported @entity2 in Long-Term @entity3 Survivors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: At 5-year follow-up, @entity0 with @entity3 who were treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and radiotherapy (RT) had excellent results. The current report provides 10- and 15-year rates of @entity1 control in the breast, as well as disease-free and overall survival rates following BCS and RT in a cohort of @entity0 with Paget disease presenting without a palpable mass or mammographic density. METHODS: Through a collaborative review of @entity0 treated with BCS and RT from seven institutions, 38 cases of @entity3 presenting without a palpable mass or mammographic density were identified. All @entity0 had pathologic confirmation of typical Paget cells at time of diagnosis. Thirty-six of 38 @entity0 had a minimum follow-up greater than 12 months and constitute the study cohort. Ninety-four percent of @entity0 underwent complete or partial excision of the nipple-areola complex and all @entity0 received a median external beam irradiation dose of 50 Gy (range, 45-54 Gy) to the whole breast. Ninety-seven percent of @entity0 also received a boost to the remaining nipple or @entity1 bed, a median total dose of 61.5 Gy (range, 50.4-70 Gy). RESULTS: With median follow-up of 113 months (range, 18-257 months), 4 of 36 @entity0 (11%) developed a first recurrence of disease in the treated breast only. Two of the four recurrences in the breast were @entity2 in situ (DCIS) only and two were invasive with DCIS. Two additional @entity0 had a recurrence in the breast as a component of first failure. Actuarial local control rates for the breast as the only site of first recurrence were 91% at 5 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 80-100%) and 87% (95% CI, 75-99%) at both 10 and 15 years. Actuarial local control rates for breast recurrence, as a component of first failure, were 91% (95% CI, 80-100%), 83% (95% CI, 69-97%), and 76% (95% CI, 58-94%) at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. No clinical factors were identified as significant predictors for breast recurrence. Five-, 10- and 15-year actuarial rates for survival without disease of 97% (95% CI, 90-100%) and 5-, 10-, and 15-year actuarial rates of overall survival of 93% (95% CI, 84-100%) at 5 years and 90% (95% CI, 78-100%) at 10 and 15 years were reported. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm excellent rates of local control, disease-free survival, and overall survival at 10 and 15 years following BCS and RT for @entity3 . This study continues to support the recommendation of local excision and definitive breast irradiation as an alternative to mastectomy in the treatment of @entity0 with Paget disease presenting without a palpable mass or mammographic density.

title: Conservative management of XXXX with radiotherapy: 10- and 15-year results.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are complex affections with increasing incidence worldwide. Multiple factors are involved in the development and maintenance of the symptoms including enhanced oxidative stress in intestinal mucosa. The conventional therapeutic approaches for @entity2 are based on the use anti-inflammatory drugs with important collateral effects and partial efficacy. In the present work we tested the anti-inflammatory capacity of Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154 in different models. In vitro, we showed that the pretreatment of epithelial cells with the @entity3 reduce the levels of intracellular reactive @entity1 species. Furthermore, in a @entity0 model of @entity4 -induced @entity5 , @entity3 -treated animals showed a reduced histopathological score (P<0.05) and lower levels of circulating interleukin 6 (P<0.05). The capacity to modulate oxidative stress in vivo was assessed using a @entity6 model. The @entity3 was able to protect the @entity6 from oxidative stress by modulating the @entity8 transcription factor trough the @entity7 pathway. These results indicate that K. marxianus CIDCA 8154 could control the intestinal inflammation and cellular oxidative stress. Deciphering the mechanisms of action of different probiotics might be useful for the rational formulation of polymicrobial products containing microorganisms targeting different anti-inflammatory pathways.

title: Probiotic XXXX Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154 shows anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties in in vivo models.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of transabdominal ultrasound for determining fetal head position in laboring @entity0 and compare it to digital examination, and to study ultrasonographically the rotation of the fetal head in normal and @entity2 . DESIGN: This was an observational prospective study of 148 @entity0 in active labor. Ultrasound examinations were performed longitudinally in the first and second stages of labor. RESULTS: Assessment of the fetal head position by digital examination was not possible in 60.7% (122/201) of cases in the first stage and 30.8% (41/133) in the second stage of labor. Difficulty in assessing the position was more likely if the occiput was posterior in comparison to anterior and in the maternal right in comparison to the left side. In the second stage, it was three times more likely for the assessment not to be possible digitally if the occiput was posterior. In the cases when assessment by vaginal examination was possible, the correlation with ultrasound was average in the first stage (kappa = 0.59) and good in the second stage (kappa = 0.77). Overall fetal head position assessment by digital examination was accurate in 31.28% of the cases in the first stage and 65.7% of the cases in the second stage of labor. Rotation of the fetal head is highly unlikely when labor begins in the occipital anterior position. Persistent occipital posterior position developed through failure to rotate from an initial occipital posterior or transverse position. Duration of the first stage of labor was independently related to parity and position of the fetal spine at presentation, and duration of the second stage of labor was independently related to parity, birth weight, position of the fetal head at the beginning of the second stage, rotation and position of the head at delivery. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound assessment of the fetal head position in labor is feasible in a busy labor ward. Digital examination is less accurate than ultrasound, in particular in cases of @entity2 when medical intervention is more likely to be needed. Ultrasound assessment may prove useful in the prediction and diagnosis of @entity1 .

title: Intrapartum ultrasound for the examination of the fetal head position in normal and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Currently there is an increase in the incidental diagnosis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Our aim was to assess the survival of @entity0 with incidental and symptomatic @entity2 who had undergone nephrectomy. @entity0 AND METHODS: We retrospectively assessed 604 @entity0 who underwent renal surgery for @entity3 between 1983 and 2005. @entity0 were divided in two groups; group 1 had incidental and group 2 had symptomatic @entity1 . The median follow-up was 4 and 3.3  years for groups 1 and 2, respectively. All @entity0 had surgery in the form of radical or partial nephrectomy. Sex, age, @entity1 size, type of surgery, pathological characteristics and @entity0 survival in both groups were evaluated. The statistical analysis included the log-rank, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression tests. RESULTS: There were 85 @entity0 (14%) in group 1 (mean age 49.6  years) and 519 (86%) in group 2 (mean age 50  years). The mean (SEM, range) @entity1 size was 7.4 (0.4, 1.5-20)  cm in group 1 and 9.7 (0.2, 2-38)  cm in group 2 (P  <  0.001). The most common stage was T1 (52%) and T2 (44%) in groups 1 and 2, respectively, with a predominance of G2 grade and the conventional type histology in both the groups. There was a significant difference in cancer-specific survival (CSS) between the groups (log-rank, P  =  0.017). The 5- and 10-year CSS was 94% and 94% for group 1, and 82.5% and 79.5% for group 2. Cox regression analysis showed that in group 1, only the @entity1 mid-zonal location (P  =  0.093), @entity1 stage pT (P  <  0.001), grade 1 (P  =  0.03), grade 2 (P  =  0.01), grade 4 (P  =  0.01) and the papillary histological type (P  =  0.019) had significant effects on CSS. In group 2, only @entity1 size (P  =  0.022) and stage pN (P  =  0.003) had significant effects on CSS. The @entity1 recurrence rate was 18% and 29% for groups 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This large study supports the findings of other smaller studies published previously, confirming that at presentation @entity2 are smaller and their diagnosis provides a better prognosis and longer CSS.

title: Incidental vs symptomatic XXXX : Survival outcomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Psychomotor stimulants and neuroleptics exert multiple effects on dopaminergic signaling and produce the @entity0 (DA)-related behaviors of motor activation and @entity4 , respectively. However, a clear relationship between dopaminergic activity and behavior has been very difficult to demonstrate in the awake animal, thus challenging existing notions about the mechanism of these drugs. The present study examined whether the drug-induced behaviors are linked to a presynaptic site of action, the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) for psychomotor stimulants and the DA autoreceptor for neuroleptics. Doses of @entity3 (7 mg/kg i.p.), a DA uptake inhibitor, and @entity1 (0.5 mg/kg i.p.), a dopaminergic antagonist, were selected to examine characteristic behavioral patterns for each drug: stimulant-induced motor activation in the case of @entity3 and neuroleptic-induced @entity4 in the case of @entity1 . Presynaptic mechanisms were quantified in situ from extracellular DA dynamics evoked by electrical stimulation and recorded by voltammetry in the freely moving animal. In the first experiment, the maximal concentration of electrically evoked DA ([DA](max)) measured in the caudate-putamen was found to reflect the local, instantaneous change in presynaptic @entity2 or DA autoreceptor activity according to the ascribed action of the drug injected. A positive temporal association was found between [DA](max) and motor activation following @entity3 (r=0.99) and a negative correlation was found between [DA](max) and @entity4 following @entity1 (r=-0.96) in the second experiment. Taken together, the results suggest that a dopaminergic presynaptic site is a target of systemically applied psychomotor stimulants and regulates the postsynaptic action of neuroleptics during behavior. This finding was made possible by a voltammetric microprobe with millisecond temporal resolution and its use in the awake animal to assess release and uptake, two key mechanisms of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Moreover, the results indicate that presynaptic mechanisms may play a more important role in DA-behavior relationships than is currently thought.

title: A role for presynaptic mechanisms in the actions of XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Psychomotor stimulants and neuroleptics exert multiple effects on dopaminergic signaling and produce the @entity0 (DA)-related behaviors of motor activation and @entity4 , respectively. However, a clear relationship between dopaminergic activity and behavior has been very difficult to demonstrate in the awake animal, thus challenging existing notions about the mechanism of these drugs. The present study examined whether the drug-induced behaviors are linked to a presynaptic site of action, the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) for psychomotor stimulants and the DA autoreceptor for neuroleptics. Doses of @entity3 (7 mg/kg i.p.), a DA uptake inhibitor, and @entity1 (0.5 mg/kg i.p.), a dopaminergic antagonist, were selected to examine characteristic behavioral patterns for each drug: stimulant-induced motor activation in the case of @entity3 and neuroleptic-induced @entity4 in the case of @entity1 . Presynaptic mechanisms were quantified in situ from extracellular DA dynamics evoked by electrical stimulation and recorded by voltammetry in the freely moving animal. In the first experiment, the maximal concentration of electrically evoked DA ([DA](max)) measured in the caudate-putamen was found to reflect the local, instantaneous change in presynaptic @entity2 or DA autoreceptor activity according to the ascribed action of the drug injected. A positive temporal association was found between [DA](max) and motor activation following @entity3 (r=0.99) and a negative correlation was found between [DA](max) and @entity4 following @entity1 (r=-0.96) in the second experiment. Taken together, the results suggest that a dopaminergic presynaptic site is a target of systemically applied psychomotor stimulants and regulates the postsynaptic action of neuroleptics during behavior. This finding was made possible by a voltammetric microprobe with millisecond temporal resolution and its use in the awake animal to assess release and uptake, two key mechanisms of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Moreover, the results indicate that presynaptic mechanisms may play a more important role in DA-behavior relationships than is currently thought.

title: A role for presynaptic mechanisms in the actions of @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is characterised by deposition of a 4 kDa amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) into senile plaques of the affected brain. Abeta is a proteolytic product of the membrane protein, @entity5 ( @entity5 ). An alternative cleavage pathway involves alpha-secretase activity and results in secretion of a 100 kDa non-amyloidogenic @entity5 (sAPPalpha) and therefore a potential reduction in Abeta secretion. We have shown that @entity2 induces alpha-cleavage and therefore results in the secretion of sAPPalpha. This secretion is signalled via MAP-kinase and PI-3 kinase signal-transduction pathways. These pathways also have the potential to inhibit the activation of @entity6 (GSK), a protein involved in cell death. Therefore, the aim of this work was to further elucidate the @entity2 -mediated signaling pathways involved in @entity5 processing, with particular emphasis on GSK activity. By stimulating @entity0 hypothalamic neuronal GT1-7 cells with @entity1 , we found that @entity2 decreases the activation state of GSK via the MAP kinase pathway. Moreover, the inhibition of GSK activity by @entity4 causes enhanced sAPPalpha secretion in a pattern similar to that seen in response to @entity2 , suggesting a pivotal role for this deactivation in @entity5 processing. Further, inactivation of GSK by @entity2 can be confirmed in an in vivo model. Elucidation of the signaling pathways involved in @entity5 processing may help to understand the pathology of @entity3 and may also prove beneficial in developing therapeutic strategies to combat @entity3 .

title: XXXX -induced cell signalling in a cellular model of @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is characterised by deposition of a 4 kDa amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) into senile plaques of the affected brain. Abeta is a proteolytic product of the membrane protein, @entity5 ( @entity5 ). An alternative cleavage pathway involves alpha-secretase activity and results in secretion of a 100 kDa non-amyloidogenic @entity5 (sAPPalpha) and therefore a potential reduction in Abeta secretion. We have shown that @entity2 induces alpha-cleavage and therefore results in the secretion of sAPPalpha. This secretion is signalled via MAP-kinase and PI-3 kinase signal-transduction pathways. These pathways also have the potential to inhibit the activation of @entity6 (GSK), a protein involved in cell death. Therefore, the aim of this work was to further elucidate the @entity2 -mediated signaling pathways involved in @entity5 processing, with particular emphasis on GSK activity. By stimulating @entity0 hypothalamic neuronal GT1-7 cells with @entity1 , we found that @entity2 decreases the activation state of GSK via the MAP kinase pathway. Moreover, the inhibition of GSK activity by @entity4 causes enhanced sAPPalpha secretion in a pattern similar to that seen in response to @entity2 , suggesting a pivotal role for this deactivation in @entity5 processing. Further, inactivation of GSK by @entity2 can be confirmed in an in vivo model. Elucidation of the signaling pathways involved in @entity5 processing may help to understand the pathology of @entity3 and may also prove beneficial in developing therapeutic strategies to combat @entity3 .

title: @entity2 -induced cell signalling in a cellular model of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity3 (PLB) is a @entity2 , comprising a malignant lymphoid infiltrate of bone. The goal of this study was to identify socioeconomic, demographic, and anatomic factors as prognostic indicators of survival for this disease using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. METHODS: The SEER database was used to identify a study population of 692 @entity0 diagnosed with PLB in the United States from 1989 to 2003. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, with effects of potential prognostic factors on survival analyzed using the log-rank test. Multivariable analysis was performed by Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate was 49.6%, with a 10-year survival rate of 30.2%. Median overall survival was 4.9 years (95% CI: 3.9, 6.1). In multivariable analysis, age (p<0.0001), marital status (p=0.006), and appendicular vs. @entity1 location (p=0.004) were found to be independent predictors of survival. CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study of PLB identified age, marital status, and @entity1 location as independent indicators of prognosis. This finding supports the clinical suspicion that an @entity1 location confers a better prognosis than an @entity1 location.

title: Socioeconomic and demographic factors contributing to outcomes in @entity0 with primary XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity3 (PLB) is a @entity2 , comprising a malignant lymphoid infiltrate of bone. The goal of this study was to identify socioeconomic, demographic, and anatomic factors as prognostic indicators of survival for this disease using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. METHODS: The SEER database was used to identify a study population of 692 @entity0 diagnosed with PLB in the United States from 1989 to 2003. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, with effects of potential prognostic factors on survival analyzed using the log-rank test. Multivariable analysis was performed by Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate was 49.6%, with a 10-year survival rate of 30.2%. Median overall survival was 4.9 years (95% CI: 3.9, 6.1). In multivariable analysis, age (p<0.0001), marital status (p=0.006), and appendicular vs. @entity1 location (p=0.004) were found to be independent predictors of survival. CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study of PLB identified age, marital status, and @entity1 location as independent indicators of prognosis. This finding supports the clinical suspicion that an @entity1 location confers a better prognosis than an @entity1 location.

title: Socioeconomic and demographic factors contributing to outcomes in XXXX with primary @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The need for safe, effective, and easily administered and monitored antithrombotic treatments that do not have the issues common to @entity8 treatment has led to the development of new anticoagulant drugs. @entity11 (Pradaxa  , Pradax   ) is a prodrug of the direct @entity5 inhibitor @entity10 , a direct, reversible, potent inhibitor of @entity5 . Dabigatran does not interact with food, and is associated with very few known drug interactions. @entity11 , at dosages of 110 and 150   mg twice daily, was shown to be noninferior to @entity8 with regard to the incidence of @entity1 or systemic @entity6 in a large, randomized, partially blinded, multicenter study in a wide spectrum of @entity0 with @entity7 . Moreover, the higher dosage was associated with significantly greater efficacy than @entity8 in this regard. These results were supported by secondary endpoints and subgroup analyses. In general, @entity11 is well tolerated, although it is associated with a higher rate of @entity9 than @entity8 . Major @entity4 was as common in recipients of the higher dosage as, and less common in recipients of the lower dosage of @entity11 than, that in recipients of @entity8 , and @entity3 , life-threatening major @entity4 , and total @entity4 were less common in recipients of either @entity11 dosage than in @entity8 recipients. However, the higher dosage of @entity11 was associated with a higher rate of @entity2 than @entity8 . The incidence of hepatotoxicity did not significantly differ across treatment groups. In conclusion, @entity11 150   mg twice daily is more effective than @entity8 for the prevention of @entity1 and systemic @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 , and generally well tolerated, particularly with regard to @entity4 endpoints compared with @entity8 . It requires more frequent administration than @entity8 , but provides multiple improvements to various issues associated with @entity8 administration. Direct comparisons with other new anticoagulant drugs would be beneficial, as would further investigation into the effects in different @entity0 populations, long-term effects, and the @entity2 and @entity9 observed with @entity11 treatment. @entity11 is a promising new option for the prevention of @entity1 and systemic @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: @entity11 : a review of its use in the prevention of XXXX and systemic @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The need for safe, effective, and easily administered and monitored antithrombotic treatments that do not have the issues common to @entity8 treatment has led to the development of new anticoagulant drugs. @entity11 (Pradaxa  , Pradax   ) is a prodrug of the direct @entity5 inhibitor @entity10 , a direct, reversible, potent inhibitor of @entity5 . Dabigatran does not interact with food, and is associated with very few known drug interactions. @entity11 , at dosages of 110 and 150   mg twice daily, was shown to be noninferior to @entity8 with regard to the incidence of @entity1 or systemic @entity6 in a large, randomized, partially blinded, multicenter study in a wide spectrum of @entity0 with @entity7 . Moreover, the higher dosage was associated with significantly greater efficacy than @entity8 in this regard. These results were supported by secondary endpoints and subgroup analyses. In general, @entity11 is well tolerated, although it is associated with a higher rate of @entity9 than @entity8 . Major @entity4 was as common in recipients of the higher dosage as, and less common in recipients of the lower dosage of @entity11 than, that in recipients of @entity8 , and @entity3 , life-threatening major @entity4 , and total @entity4 were less common in recipients of either @entity11 dosage than in @entity8 recipients. However, the higher dosage of @entity11 was associated with a higher rate of @entity2 than @entity8 . The incidence of hepatotoxicity did not significantly differ across treatment groups. In conclusion, @entity11 150   mg twice daily is more effective than @entity8 for the prevention of @entity1 and systemic @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 , and generally well tolerated, particularly with regard to @entity4 endpoints compared with @entity8 . It requires more frequent administration than @entity8 , but provides multiple improvements to various issues associated with @entity8 administration. Direct comparisons with other new anticoagulant drugs would be beneficial, as would further investigation into the effects in different @entity0 populations, long-term effects, and the @entity2 and @entity9 observed with @entity11 treatment. @entity11 is a promising new option for the prevention of @entity1 and systemic @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: @entity11 : a review of its use in the prevention of @entity1 and systemic XXXX in @entity0 with @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The need for safe, effective, and easily administered and monitored antithrombotic treatments that do not have the issues common to @entity8 treatment has led to the development of new anticoagulant drugs. @entity11 (Pradaxa  , Pradax   ) is a prodrug of the direct @entity5 inhibitor @entity10 , a direct, reversible, potent inhibitor of @entity5 . Dabigatran does not interact with food, and is associated with very few known drug interactions. @entity11 , at dosages of 110 and 150   mg twice daily, was shown to be noninferior to @entity8 with regard to the incidence of @entity1 or systemic @entity6 in a large, randomized, partially blinded, multicenter study in a wide spectrum of @entity0 with @entity7 . Moreover, the higher dosage was associated with significantly greater efficacy than @entity8 in this regard. These results were supported by secondary endpoints and subgroup analyses. In general, @entity11 is well tolerated, although it is associated with a higher rate of @entity9 than @entity8 . Major @entity4 was as common in recipients of the higher dosage as, and less common in recipients of the lower dosage of @entity11 than, that in recipients of @entity8 , and @entity3 , life-threatening major @entity4 , and total @entity4 were less common in recipients of either @entity11 dosage than in @entity8 recipients. However, the higher dosage of @entity11 was associated with a higher rate of @entity2 than @entity8 . The incidence of hepatotoxicity did not significantly differ across treatment groups. In conclusion, @entity11 150   mg twice daily is more effective than @entity8 for the prevention of @entity1 and systemic @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 , and generally well tolerated, particularly with regard to @entity4 endpoints compared with @entity8 . It requires more frequent administration than @entity8 , but provides multiple improvements to various issues associated with @entity8 administration. Direct comparisons with other new anticoagulant drugs would be beneficial, as would further investigation into the effects in different @entity0 populations, long-term effects, and the @entity2 and @entity9 observed with @entity11 treatment. @entity11 is a promising new option for the prevention of @entity1 and systemic @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: XXXX : a review of its use in the prevention of @entity1 and systemic @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: The need for safe, effective, and easily administered and monitored antithrombotic treatments that do not have the issues common to @entity8 treatment has led to the development of new anticoagulant drugs. @entity11 (Pradaxa  , Pradax   ) is a prodrug of the direct @entity5 inhibitor @entity10 , a direct, reversible, potent inhibitor of @entity5 . Dabigatran does not interact with food, and is associated with very few known drug interactions. @entity11 , at dosages of 110 and 150   mg twice daily, was shown to be noninferior to @entity8 with regard to the incidence of @entity1 or systemic @entity6 in a large, randomized, partially blinded, multicenter study in a wide spectrum of @entity0 with @entity7 . Moreover, the higher dosage was associated with significantly greater efficacy than @entity8 in this regard. These results were supported by secondary endpoints and subgroup analyses. In general, @entity11 is well tolerated, although it is associated with a higher rate of @entity9 than @entity8 . Major @entity4 was as common in recipients of the higher dosage as, and less common in recipients of the lower dosage of @entity11 than, that in recipients of @entity8 , and @entity3 , life-threatening major @entity4 , and total @entity4 were less common in recipients of either @entity11 dosage than in @entity8 recipients. However, the higher dosage of @entity11 was associated with a higher rate of @entity2 than @entity8 . The incidence of hepatotoxicity did not significantly differ across treatment groups. In conclusion, @entity11 150   mg twice daily is more effective than @entity8 for the prevention of @entity1 and systemic @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 , and generally well tolerated, particularly with regard to @entity4 endpoints compared with @entity8 . It requires more frequent administration than @entity8 , but provides multiple improvements to various issues associated with @entity8 administration. Direct comparisons with other new anticoagulant drugs would be beneficial, as would further investigation into the effects in different @entity0 populations, long-term effects, and the @entity2 and @entity9 observed with @entity11 treatment. @entity11 is a promising new option for the prevention of @entity1 and systemic @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: @entity11 : a review of its use in the prevention of @entity1 and systemic @entity6 in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The need for safe, effective, and easily administered and monitored antithrombotic treatments that do not have the issues common to @entity8 treatment has led to the development of new anticoagulant drugs. @entity11 (Pradaxa  , Pradax   ) is a prodrug of the direct @entity5 inhibitor @entity10 , a direct, reversible, potent inhibitor of @entity5 . Dabigatran does not interact with food, and is associated with very few known drug interactions. @entity11 , at dosages of 110 and 150   mg twice daily, was shown to be noninferior to @entity8 with regard to the incidence of @entity1 or systemic @entity6 in a large, randomized, partially blinded, multicenter study in a wide spectrum of @entity0 with @entity7 . Moreover, the higher dosage was associated with significantly greater efficacy than @entity8 in this regard. These results were supported by secondary endpoints and subgroup analyses. In general, @entity11 is well tolerated, although it is associated with a higher rate of @entity9 than @entity8 . Major @entity4 was as common in recipients of the higher dosage as, and less common in recipients of the lower dosage of @entity11 than, that in recipients of @entity8 , and @entity3 , life-threatening major @entity4 , and total @entity4 were less common in recipients of either @entity11 dosage than in @entity8 recipients. However, the higher dosage of @entity11 was associated with a higher rate of @entity2 than @entity8 . The incidence of hepatotoxicity did not significantly differ across treatment groups. In conclusion, @entity11 150   mg twice daily is more effective than @entity8 for the prevention of @entity1 and systemic @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 , and generally well tolerated, particularly with regard to @entity4 endpoints compared with @entity8 . It requires more frequent administration than @entity8 , but provides multiple improvements to various issues associated with @entity8 administration. Direct comparisons with other new anticoagulant drugs would be beneficial, as would further investigation into the effects in different @entity0 populations, long-term effects, and the @entity2 and @entity9 observed with @entity11 treatment. @entity11 is a promising new option for the prevention of @entity1 and systemic @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: @entity11 : a review of its use in the prevention of @entity1 and systemic @entity6 in XXXX with @entity7 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3 , especially accommodative estropia (AE), is often seen in @entity0 with @entity2 . In this paper, the authors aim to report the management methods of different types of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 and to show the feasibility and efficacy of prismatic correction in the management of small angle of @entity3 in accommodative estropia. METHODS: A total of 82 esotropes with @entity2 treated during a 2-year period from 2007 to 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Data were collected from the medical records. RESULTS: A total of 25 @entity0 showed pure accommodative esotropes, whereas 45 had partial AE and 12 non-AE. All 25 pure AE @entity0 were corrected fully using glasses alone, and all 12 non-AE @entity0 received surgery. Among the 45 partial AE cases, 35 @entity0 with residual esodeviation of  <=30   @entity1 received prismatic correction, with a success rate of 71.4% (25 of the 35 @entity0 ). The remaining 10 @entity0 who were not successfully treated with prismatic correction and the other 10 partial AE with residual esodeviation of >30   @entity1 received surgery. The most recent follow-up examination indicated that all the non-surgical @entity0 were orthotropia or @entity3 or had @entity3  <=10   @entity1 . Among the surgical @entity0 , 5 @entity0 (5 in 32 or 15.6%) exhibited unstable alignment during the postoperative follow-up period, and 10 @entity0 (10 in 32 or 31.25%) underwent additional surgery for @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of estropia in @entity0 with @entity2 includes wearing glasses, glasses combined with prism glasses and surgery. Prismatic correction in the treatment of small angle of @entity3 in partial AE was feasible and efficacious. Since the follow-up lasted only a year, a long-term follow-up is needed in future studies to investigate the efficiency of the treatments.

title: The management of childhood XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3 , especially accommodative estropia (AE), is often seen in @entity0 with @entity2 . In this paper, the authors aim to report the management methods of different types of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 and to show the feasibility and efficacy of prismatic correction in the management of small angle of @entity3 in accommodative estropia. METHODS: A total of 82 esotropes with @entity2 treated during a 2-year period from 2007 to 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Data were collected from the medical records. RESULTS: A total of 25 @entity0 showed pure accommodative esotropes, whereas 45 had partial AE and 12 non-AE. All 25 pure AE @entity0 were corrected fully using glasses alone, and all 12 non-AE @entity0 received surgery. Among the 45 partial AE cases, 35 @entity0 with residual esodeviation of  <=30   @entity1 received prismatic correction, with a success rate of 71.4% (25 of the 35 @entity0 ). The remaining 10 @entity0 who were not successfully treated with prismatic correction and the other 10 partial AE with residual esodeviation of >30   @entity1 received surgery. The most recent follow-up examination indicated that all the non-surgical @entity0 were orthotropia or @entity3 or had @entity3  <=10   @entity1 . Among the surgical @entity0 , 5 @entity0 (5 in 32 or 15.6%) exhibited unstable alignment during the postoperative follow-up period, and 10 @entity0 (10 in 32 or 31.25%) underwent additional surgery for @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of estropia in @entity0 with @entity2 includes wearing glasses, glasses combined with prism glasses and surgery. Prismatic correction in the treatment of small angle of @entity3 in partial AE was feasible and efficacious. Since the follow-up lasted only a year, a long-term follow-up is needed in future studies to investigate the efficiency of the treatments.

title: The management of childhood @entity3 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To better understand the effect of bevacizumab therapy on @entity1 blood flow and oxygenation status in @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 . Materials and Methods Retrospective data evaluation was approved by the local ethics committee of the University of Heidelberg (ethics approval number, S-320/2012), and informed consent was waived. A total of 71 @entity0 who received a diagnosis of recurrent @entity3 underwent conventional anatomic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and dynamic susceptibility contrast material-enhanced MR imaging at baseline and at the first follow-up examination after initiation of bevacizumab therapy. Parametric response maps (PRMs) were created with multistep (nonlinear) registration of @entity0 ' post- to pretreatment images and voxel-wise subtraction between Gaussian-normalized relative cerebral blood volume (nrCBV) and Gaussian-normalized relative cerebral blood flow (nrCBF) maps. Intratumor voxels were stratified as being increased (PRM[+]) or decreased (PRM[-]) if they exceeded a threshold that represented the 95% confidence interval in the normal-appearing brain. Correlation with progression-free and overall survival was performed with Cox proportional hazards models. Results The risks for disease progression and @entity2 significantly increased with (a) higher baseline nrCBV (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.86, P < .01; HR = 1.52, P < .01) and nrCBF (HR = 1.78, P < .01; HR = 1.86, P < .01) values and (b) higher PRM(-) of nrCBV (HR = 1.03, P = .01; HR = 1.02, P = .03) and nrCBF (HR = 1.04, P < .01; HR = 1.03, P < .01), but not with higher PRM(+) of nrCBV and nrCBF, and not for the relative change in mean nrCBV and nrCBF, confirming the superiority of the PRM approach. The magnitude of PRM(-) for both nrCBV and nrCBF significantly increased for higher baseline values (P < .01). Conclusion Pretreatment hemodynamic parameters are the principal determinant of response to bevacizumab therapy in @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 . Although the magnitude of PRM(-) is a function of the corresponding pretreatment parameter, the finding of higher PRM(-) and a lack of change in PRM(+) in nonresponders to bevacizumab therapy implies that @entity1 with a high degree of angiogenesis before bevacizumab therapy retain a higher level of angiogenesis during therapy, despite a greater antiangiogenic effect of bevacizumab, such that a reversal of the biologic behavior and relative prognosis of these @entity1 does not occur. (  ) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: MR Perfusion-derived Hemodynamic Parametric Response Mapping of Bevacizumab Efficacy in Recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine the predictive relevance of clinical characteristics, additional cytogenetic aberrations, and cKIT and RAS mutations, as well as to evaluate whether specific treatment elements were associated with outcomes in pediatric t(8;21)-positive @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Karyotypes of 916 pediatric @entity0 with t(8;21)- @entity3 were reviewed for the presence of additional cytogenetic aberrations, and 228 samples were screened for presence of cKIT and RAS mutations. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the relevance of @entity5 , @entity1 , and @entity2 during induction and overall treatment. End points were the probability of achieving complete remission, cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), probability of event-free survival, and probability of overall survival. RESULTS: Of 838 @entity0 included in final analyses, 92% achieved complete remission. The 5-year overall survival, event-free survival, and CIR were 74%, 58%, and 26%, respectively. cKIT mutations and RAS mutations were not significantly associated with outcome. @entity0 with deletions of chromosome arm 9q [del(9q); n = 104] had a lower probability of complete remission (P = .01). Gain of chromosome 4 (+4; n = 21) was associated with inferior CIR and survival (P < .01). @entity4 doses greater than 150 mg/m(2) and @entity2 doses greater than 500 mg/m(2) in the first induction course and high-dose @entity1 3 g/m(2) during induction were associated with better outcomes on various end points. Cumulative doses of @entity1 greater than 30 g/m(2) and @entity2 greater than 1,500 mg/m(2) were associated with lower CIR rates and better probability of event-free survival. CONCLUSION: Pediatric @entity0 with t(8;21)- @entity3 and additional del(9q) or additional +4 might not be considered at good risk. @entity0 with t(8;21)- @entity3 likely benefit from protocols that have high doses of @entity5 , @entity2 , and @entity1 during induction, as well as from protocols comprising cumulative high doses of @entity1 and @entity2 .

title: Clinical Impact of Additional Cytogenetic Aberrations, cKIT and RAS Mutations, and Treatment Elements in Pediatric t(8;21)- XXXX : Results From an International Retrospective Study by the International Berlin-Frankfurt-M  nster Study Group.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate postradiation regional heart perfusion changes with single photon emission tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging in 69 @entity1 treated with tangential photon beams radiation therapy (RT) for @entity0 . To correlate SPECT changes with percent irradiated left ventricle (LV) volume and risk factors for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Rest SPECT of the LV was acquired pre-RT and at 6-month intervals post-RT. The extent of defects (%) with a severity > 1.5 standard deviations below the mean was quantitatively analyzed for the distributions of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, left circumflex (LCX) artery, and right coronary artery (RCA) based on computer assisted polar map reconstruction (i.e., bull's-eye-view). Changes in perfusion were correlated with percent irradiated LV receiving > 25 Gy (range 0-32%). Data on @entity1 - and treatment-related factors were collected prospectively (e.g., cardiac premorbidity, risk factors for @entity2 , chemotherapy, and hormonal treatment). RESULTS: In the LAD distribution, there were increased perfusion defects at 6 months (median 11%; interquartile range 2-23) compared with baseline (median 5%; interquartile range 1-14) (p < 0.001). There were no increases in perfusion defects in the LCX or RCA distributions. In multivariate analysis, the SPECT perfusion changes in the LAD distribution at 6 months were independently associated with percent irradiated LV (p < 0.001), hormonal therapy (p = 0.005), and pre-RT @entity3 (p = 0.006). The SPECT defects in the LAD distribution at 12 and 18 months were not statistically different from those at 6 months. The perfusion defects in the LAD distribution were limited essentially to the regions of irradiated myocardium. CONCLUSION: Tangential photon beam RT in @entity1 with @entity0 was associated with short-term SPECT defects in the vascular distribution corresponding to the radiation portals. Factors related to the extent of perfusion defects included the percent irradiated LV, hormonal treatment, and pre-RT @entity3 .

title: Myocardial perfusion changes in @entity1 irradiated for XXXX and correlation with coronary artery distribution.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate postradiation regional heart perfusion changes with single photon emission tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging in 69 @entity1 treated with tangential photon beams radiation therapy (RT) for @entity0 . To correlate SPECT changes with percent irradiated left ventricle (LV) volume and risk factors for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Rest SPECT of the LV was acquired pre-RT and at 6-month intervals post-RT. The extent of defects (%) with a severity > 1.5 standard deviations below the mean was quantitatively analyzed for the distributions of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, left circumflex (LCX) artery, and right coronary artery (RCA) based on computer assisted polar map reconstruction (i.e., bull's-eye-view). Changes in perfusion were correlated with percent irradiated LV receiving > 25 Gy (range 0-32%). Data on @entity1 - and treatment-related factors were collected prospectively (e.g., cardiac premorbidity, risk factors for @entity2 , chemotherapy, and hormonal treatment). RESULTS: In the LAD distribution, there were increased perfusion defects at 6 months (median 11%; interquartile range 2-23) compared with baseline (median 5%; interquartile range 1-14) (p < 0.001). There were no increases in perfusion defects in the LCX or RCA distributions. In multivariate analysis, the SPECT perfusion changes in the LAD distribution at 6 months were independently associated with percent irradiated LV (p < 0.001), hormonal therapy (p = 0.005), and pre-RT @entity3 (p = 0.006). The SPECT defects in the LAD distribution at 12 and 18 months were not statistically different from those at 6 months. The perfusion defects in the LAD distribution were limited essentially to the regions of irradiated myocardium. CONCLUSION: Tangential photon beam RT in @entity1 with @entity0 was associated with short-term SPECT defects in the vascular distribution corresponding to the radiation portals. Factors related to the extent of perfusion defects included the percent irradiated LV, hormonal treatment, and pre-RT @entity3 .

title: Myocardial perfusion changes in XXXX irradiated for @entity0 and correlation with coronary artery distribution.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: This study compares clinical and functional outcomes of @entity0 with displaced @entity2 treated with either @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or a hook plate construct. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of @entity2 operatively treated with either @entity4 or plate fixation (PF) using a hook plate over a 7-year period. @entity0 demographics, @entity1 , and surgical management were recorded. @entity2 were classified according to the Mayo system. Measured outcomes included range of elbow motion, time to union, and development of @entity3 . Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) scores were obtained for all @entity0 . All @entity0 were followed for a minimum of 6  months. RESULTS: A total of 48 @entity0 were included in this study, 23 treated with @entity4 and 25 treated with hook PF. Groups did not differ with respect to @entity0 demographics, Mayo fracture type, or duration of follow-up. @entity0 undergoing PF had less terminal extension than @entity4 @entity0 (-8.6        7   vs. -3.5        9.3  , p  =  0.036) and a longer time to radiographic union (19      8 vs. 12      6  weeks, p  =  0.001). There were no differences in rates of symptomatic hardware, MEPI scores, or other clinical outcomes. Two @entity0 in each group required a second surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 and PF of @entity2 had similarly excellent functional outcomes in this study. @entity0 undergoing PF had a longer time to union and slightly worse extension at final follow-up. @entity4 remains an effective treatment for appropriately selected @entity2 and in this cohort outperformed plate osteosynthesis.

title: Outcome after XXXX repair: Does construct type matter?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is often preceded by @entity7 . Helping @entity0 identify the onset of @entity7 rather than @entity4 may result in earlier treatment and improve outcomes. @entity7 is @entity5 occurring at a lower-than-usual workload. Since heart rate (HR) is correlated with degree of exertion, we hypothesised that @entity5 occurring at low HR is a warning signal for @entity7 and @entity4 . METHODS: In this prospective study, 111 @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or prognostically significant @entity3 were recruited. Each @entity0 's HR was measured using a portable electrocardiogram (ECG) recorder after regular class III exercise on the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Grading Scale and the cumulative moving average and three-sigma (standard deviation) range were calculated for each new measurement. The HR was subsequently measured at the @entity5 ; a HR lower than the preceding three-sigma ranges for @entity2 was regarded as a 'warning signal'. The proportion of warning signals associated with @entity6 occurring in the following 2  weeks was compared with that for non-warning signals. RESULTS: Nine cases of @entity6 occurred in eight @entity0 . Two cases were preceded by warning signals; a signal marked the onset of @entity6 in a third @entity0 , and four @entity0 failed to make anginal ECG recordings. There were 591 documented episodes of @entity5 during the study and ECGs were available for 383 (64.8  %) of these of which 55 were warning signals. Of these warning signals, 4 occurred in the 2  weeks preceding @entity6 , compared with 4 of 328 non-warning signals (odds ratio, 6.4; 95  % confidence interval, 1.5-26.2; p   =   0.01; positive predictive value, 7.3  %; negative predictive value, 98.8  %). CONCLUSIONS: Low HR @entity5 may identify @entity7 and serve as an early warning for @entity4 . In addition, @entity5 that does not occur at a @entity1 indicates that @entity6 is very unlikely.

title: Angina at XXXX And Risk of imminent @entity4 (the ALARM study): a prospective, observational proof-of-concept study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is often preceded by @entity7 . Helping @entity0 identify the onset of @entity7 rather than @entity4 may result in earlier treatment and improve outcomes. @entity7 is @entity5 occurring at a lower-than-usual workload. Since heart rate (HR) is correlated with degree of exertion, we hypothesised that @entity5 occurring at low HR is a warning signal for @entity7 and @entity4 . METHODS: In this prospective study, 111 @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or prognostically significant @entity3 were recruited. Each @entity0 's HR was measured using a portable electrocardiogram (ECG) recorder after regular class III exercise on the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Grading Scale and the cumulative moving average and three-sigma (standard deviation) range were calculated for each new measurement. The HR was subsequently measured at the @entity5 ; a HR lower than the preceding three-sigma ranges for @entity2 was regarded as a 'warning signal'. The proportion of warning signals associated with @entity6 occurring in the following 2  weeks was compared with that for non-warning signals. RESULTS: Nine cases of @entity6 occurred in eight @entity0 . Two cases were preceded by warning signals; a signal marked the onset of @entity6 in a third @entity0 , and four @entity0 failed to make anginal ECG recordings. There were 591 documented episodes of @entity5 during the study and ECGs were available for 383 (64.8  %) of these of which 55 were warning signals. Of these warning signals, 4 occurred in the 2  weeks preceding @entity6 , compared with 4 of 328 non-warning signals (odds ratio, 6.4; 95  % confidence interval, 1.5-26.2; p   =   0.01; positive predictive value, 7.3  %; negative predictive value, 98.8  %). CONCLUSIONS: Low HR @entity5 may identify @entity7 and serve as an early warning for @entity4 . In addition, @entity5 that does not occur at a @entity1 indicates that @entity6 is very unlikely.

title: Angina at @entity1 And Risk of imminent XXXX (the ALARM study): a prospective, observational proof-of-concept study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer requires silencing of the donor cell gene expression program and the initiation of the embryonic gene expression program (nuclear reprogramming). Failure to silence the donor cell program could lead to altered embryonic phenotypes. Cloned @entity0 embryos produced using myoblast nuclei fail to thrive in standard embryo culture media but flourish in somatic cell culture media favored by the donor myoblasts themselves, forming blastocysts at a significant rate, with robust morphologies, high total cell number, and a normal allocation of cells to the inner cell mass in most embryos. Myoblast cloned embryos continue expressing the @entity2 @entity1 transporter, which is typically expressed in muscle but not in preimplantation stage embryos. Myoblast clones also exhibit precocious enrichment of @entity4 at the cell surface. Both myoblast and cumulus cell cloned embryos exhibit enhanced rates of @entity1 uptake. These observations indicate that silencing of the donor cell genome during cloning either is incomplete or occurs progressively over the course of preimplantation development. As a result, cloned embryos initially exhibit many somatic cell-like characteristics. @entity3 , which possess a transplanted somatic cell genome plus the oocyte-derived chromosomes, exhibit a more embryonic-like pattern of gene expression and culture preference. We conclude that preimplantation stage cloned embryos have profoundly altered characteristics that are donor cell type specific and that exposure of cloned embryos to standard embryo culture conditions may lead to disruptions in basic homeostasis and inhibition of a range of essential processes including further nuclear reprogramming, contributing to cloned embryo demise.

title: Somatic cell-like features of cloned XXXX embryos prepared with cultured myoblast nuclei.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Three hundred thirty-one cases of @entity5 included in a 10-year prospective protocol were reviewed to identify and follow up @entity0 with @entity2 . Of 20 @entity0 (17 male and three female; mean age, 54 years), @entity2 was diagnosed soon after onset of the @entity5 in 15, there were significant systemic symptoms in 17, and blood cultures were positive for @entity6 in 14. The main symptom was @entity1 . The commonest radiographic changes were narrowing of the disk and @entity3 . The discrete character of radiographic alterations and negative uptake on bone scanning caused diagnostic delays in three @entity0 . 99mTc bone scans finally became abnormal in all @entity0 , but were not useful for follow-up because low uptake persisted after the clinical status stabilized. Three @entity0 had paravertebral abscesses; in two of them fever and @entity1 persisted despite antibiotic therapy until diagnosis and surgical drainage. Finally, all @entity0 were cured, ten with sequelae. @entity2 often had an acute clinical course with @entity4 . Because neither clinical nor radiographic changes one year after onset were significant, long-term follow-up is not considered necessary except when paravertebral abscess is suspected.

title: XXXX : a detailed analysis based on current findings.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The degree of @entity2 during early cleavage is universally used as an indicator of embryo quality during @entity0 in vitro fertilization treatment. @entity2 has been associated with reduced blastocyst formation and implantation. We examined the relationship between early @entity2 and subsequent allocation of cells to the trophectoderm and inner cell mass in the @entity0 blastocyst. We retrospectively analyzed data from 363 monospermic @entity0 embryos that exhibited varying degrees of @entity2 on Day 2. Embryos were cultured from Day 2 to Day 6 in Earle balanced salt solution with 1 mM @entity1 and human serum albumin. Rates of development and blastocyst formation were measured. The number of cells in the trophectoderm and inner cell mass and the incidence of apoptosis were assessed following differential labeling with polynucleotide-specific fluorochromes. Increasing @entity2 resulted in reduced blastocyst formation and lower blastocyst cell numbers. For minimal and moderate levels of @entity2 , the reduction in cell numbers was confined largely to the trophectoderm and a steady number of inner cell mass cells was maintained. However, with extensive @entity2 of more than 25%, cell numbers in both lineages were reduced in the few embryos that formed blastocysts. Apoptotic nuclei were present in both the trophectoderm and inner cell mass, with the lowest incidence in blastocysts that had developed from embryos with minor (5-10%) @entity2 . @entity3 , higher levels of apoptosis were seen in embryos of excellent morphology, suggesting a possible role in regulation of cell number.

title: Maintenance of the inner cell mass in XXXX blastocysts from fragmented embryos.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 can have instant and prolonged consequences to behavioral and neurologic outcomes in neonates. Although the use of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block to minimize @entity2 has been demonstrated in neonates, no data regarding the safety of this procedure are available for this @entity0 population. For instance, it is unknown whether plasma levels of local anesthetics are safe in neonates after TAP blocks. The main objective of the current investigation was to evaluate plasma @entity3 concentrations in neonates having an ultrasound-guided TAP block. METHODS: The study was a prospective, observational study. After general anesthesia was induced, neonates received an ultrasound-guided TAP block with 0.125% @entity3 and a total volume of 1 mL/kg. Dried blood spot samples were obtained and analyzed for @entity3 levels at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 minutes, 4, and 24 hours after the TAP block. RESULTS: Ten neonates were included in the study. The highest 99% upper prediction limit for blood concentration, 0.38   g/mL, occurred at the 30-minute interval, but it was significantly lower than potentially toxic plasma levels (1.5-2.0   g/mL). The highest individual concentration was 0.26   g/mL and occurred at the 30-minute interval. None of the @entity0 demonstrated any potential signs of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a low risk of @entity1 in neonates after a TAP block. Future studies to determine the efficacy of the TAP block to minimize @entity2 in this @entity0 population are warranted.

title: Blood XXXX Concentrations After Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Neonates: A Prospective Observational Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 has been implicated in the control of sexual behaviour, but its role seems quite complex and controversial. The aim of the present experiments was to investigate the effects of @entity2 (DA) acting on D2 receptors in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) on sexual behaviour in female @entity1 . To achieve this, the D2 agonist, @entity8 , was administered bilaterally via microdialysis probes into the MBH of ovariectomized ewes either before or after @entity0 (E2) administration. @entity8 (100 ng/ml) infused for 6 h just before E2 hastened the onset of oestrus behaviour and the luteinizing hormone surge, whereas the same treatment given 6-12 h or 18-21 h after E2 decreased the intensity of sexual receptivity without affecting LH or prolactin secretion. We then tested the hypothesis that E2 stimulates the onset of oestrus partly by decreasing DA activation of D2 receptors. In this case the D2 antagonists @entity6 or @entity7 (100 ng/ml) were infused into the MBH via microdialysis probes for 11 h in the absence of E2 administration. A significant number of ewes showed induction of receptivity with both antagonists, although its intensity was significantly lower than that induced by E2. These treatments generally did not significantly alter extracellular concentrations of @entity4 or @entity5 although @entity8 modulated the ability of sexual interactions to increase @entity3 release. These experiments show that DA acts via D2 receptors in the MBH to control female sexual behaviour in a biphasic manner: the onset of sexual motivation and receptivity requiring an initial increase in activation followed by a decrease. This dual action could explain some of the controversies concerning DA action on sexual behaviour.

title: Biphasic role of XXXX on female sexual behaviour via D2 receptors in the mediobasal hypothalamus.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chronic shoulder dislocations are extremely rare. The goal of this retrospective study was to describe the epidemiology of @entity3 in our environment and to evaluate the outcome of treatment. Bio-demographic data and @entity1 were retrieved from case files. Definitive method of reduction and stabilisation and duration of follow-up care were also noted. Nine cases of subcoracoid anterior @entity3 were seen during the 6-year period of the study. Seven (78%) of these @entity0 were male and two (22%) were female. The mean age was 42 (  17.5) years. The common mechanisms of injury were road traffic crash in four @entity0 (44%), domestic falls in four @entity0 (44%) and dislocation while getting out of bed in one @entity0 (12%). None of the @entity0 had @entity2 at presentation. Five @entity0 were managed operatively and four were managed non-operatively. Mean follow-up was 8 months (range 6-12 months). Clinical evaluation by Rowe shoulder score revealed that operated cases had significantly higher mean rank scores than non-operated cases using the Mann-Whitney U test. Two operated cases were graded fair and three poor. All cases managed non-operatively had poor outcome grades. Meticulous attempt at soft tissue repair and early supervised physiotherapy can contribute to a favourable outcome.

title: XXXX : Experience in a developing country @entity1 centre.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chronic shoulder dislocations are extremely rare. The goal of this retrospective study was to describe the epidemiology of @entity3 in our environment and to evaluate the outcome of treatment. Bio-demographic data and @entity1 were retrieved from case files. Definitive method of reduction and stabilisation and duration of follow-up care were also noted. Nine cases of subcoracoid anterior @entity3 were seen during the 6-year period of the study. Seven (78%) of these @entity0 were male and two (22%) were female. The mean age was 42 (  17.5) years. The common mechanisms of injury were road traffic crash in four @entity0 (44%), domestic falls in four @entity0 (44%) and dislocation while getting out of bed in one @entity0 (12%). None of the @entity0 had @entity2 at presentation. Five @entity0 were managed operatively and four were managed non-operatively. Mean follow-up was 8 months (range 6-12 months). Clinical evaluation by Rowe shoulder score revealed that operated cases had significantly higher mean rank scores than non-operated cases using the Mann-Whitney U test. Two operated cases were graded fair and three poor. All cases managed non-operatively had poor outcome grades. Meticulous attempt at soft tissue repair and early supervised physiotherapy can contribute to a favourable outcome.

title: @entity3 : Experience in a developing country XXXX centre.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate whether computed tomography (CT) accurately depicted gastrointestinal tract involvement in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans were retrospectively reviewed in 14 @entity0 with pathologically proved PTCLs of the gastrointestinal tract for the following considerations: sites, patterns of involvement (ie, morphologic features, bowel wall thickness or mass size, and contrast enhancement pattern), and ancillary findings at other sites (ie, @entity2 , bowel perforation, and involvement of other organs). RESULTS: @entity1 involved the stomach in three @entity0 , the small intestine in eight, both the stomach and the small intestine in one, and the sigmoid colon in two; multifocal involvement was seen in three (21%) @entity0 . CT failed to demonstrate the bowel lesions in three of 14 @entity0 . At CT, 11 @entity0 had gastric or bowel wall thickening (n = 10) and a polypoid mass (n = 1). In 10 @entity0 , the gastric or bowel wall thickening was mild (<1 cm) in six, moderate (1-2 cm) in three, and severe (>2 cm) in one. Lymphadenopathy was noted in nine (64%) @entity0 , with the nonbulky type in eight and the bulky type in one. Bowel perforation occurred in four (29%) @entity0 . Other organs were involved in eight (57%) @entity0 . CONCLUSION: CT can depict @entity1 involving the gastrointestinal tract if it is not confined to the mucosa. There is a tendency toward preferential jejunal or duodenal involvement, as well as bowel perforation.

title: CT findings in XXXX involving the gastrointestinal tract.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been a long-standing controversy about the possibility that selective @entity2 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants might induce suicidality in some @entity0 . METHODS: Starting from the clinical studies that gave rise to this issue, this paper reviews an unselected cohort of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), a series of meta-analyses undertaken to investigate aspects of the problem, studies in recurrent brief @entity1 , epidemiological studies and healthy volunteer studies using SSRIs to shed light on this issue. RESULTS: The original clinical studies produced evidence of a dose-dependent link, present on a challenge, dechallenge and rechallenge basis, between SSRIs and both @entity3 and suicidality. Meta-analyses of RCTs conducted around this time indicate that SSRIs may reduce suicidal ideation in some @entity0 . These same RCTs, however, yield an excess of suicides and suicide attempts on active treatments compared with placebos. This excess also appears in the best-controlled epidemiological studies. Finally, healthy volunteer studies give indications that SSRIs may induce @entity3 and suicidality in some individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The data reviewed here, which indicate a possible doubling of the relative risk of both suicides and suicide attempts on SSRIs compared with older antidepressants or non-treatment, make it difficult to sustain a null hypothesis, i.e. that SSRIs do not cause problems in some individuals to whom they are given. Further studies or further access to data are indicated to establish the magnitude of any risk and the characteristics of @entity0 who may be most at risk.

title: Lines of evidence on the risks of suicide with selective XXXX reuptake inhibitors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This article presents our results of surgical treatment of @entity1 media (COM) and discusses its efficacy regarding the control of disease and hearing results. A retrospective chart review of 84 ears was performed. Forty-one ears with noncholesteatomatous COM underwent tympanomastoidectomy, 43 ears with @entity2 were managed according to the extension of the disease, closed mastoidectomy was indicated in 19 cases, and open mastoidectomy was performed in 24 ears. In the group without @entity2 , a stable ear with closed tympanic membrane was obtained in 85% of cases after the first procedure. The speech response threshold before and after surgery was 38 and 26 dB. In @entity0 with @entity2 , a dry ear was achieved in 79% of cases on both techniques after the first intervention. The recurrence rate of @entity2 was 10% for the closed technique and 4% for the open technique. The mean preoperative and postoperative SRTs for the closed technique were 30 and 29 dB and for the open technique were 50 and 54 dB. The surgical treatment for COM can be a rewarding procedure if a correct technique is indicated. The surgery should be tailored regarding the clinical stage and intraoperative findings in each case.

title: Efficacy of surgical treatment of XXXX media.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To examine differences between preoperative and postoperative fear of movement and investigate the relationship between fear of movement and @entity1 , disability and physical health after spinal surgery for degenerative conditions. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Consistent evidence supports the relationship between fear of movement and higher levels of @entity1 and disability in various @entity4 populations. Fear of movement among @entity0 undergoing spinal surgery for @entity4 has received little attention in the literature. METHODS: @entity0 were 141 @entity0 treated with surgery for lumbar and cervical degenerative conditions. Assessments were conducted before surgery and 6 weeks and 3 months after hospitalization. Fear of movement was measured with the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and outcomes were measured with the Brief Pain Inventory, Oswestry or Neck Disability Index, and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). RESULTS: Follow-up rates were 91% and 87% for 6 weeks and 3 months, respectively. Fear of movement beliefs improved after surgery, but 49% of @entity0 continued to have high fear of movement at 6-week follow-up and 39% at 3-month follow-up. @entity0 with higher levels of fear of movement had poorer postoperative outcomes. Multilevel linear regression analyses found that postoperative fear of movement was independently associated with @entity2 intensity, @entity1 interference, disability, and physical health (P < 0.001), after controlling for @entity3 , age, sex, education, race, comorbidities, type and area of surgery, prior surgeries, and baseline outcome score. Preoperative fear of movement was not predictive of poorer surgical outcomes. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate that postoperative but not preoperative fear of movement beliefs explain unique and significant variance in @entity2 , disability, and physical health. Clinicians interested in improving surgical outcomes should address postoperative fear of movement along with other traditional clinical and medical risk factors. Recommendations include postoperative screening for high fear of movement beliefs and incorporating cognitive-behavioral techniques into postoperative rehabilitation for at-risk surgical spine @entity0 .

title: The effect of fear of movement beliefs on XXXX and disability after surgery for lumbar and cervical degenerative conditions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: An ideal local anesthetic with rapid onset and prolonged duration has yet to be developed. Clinicians use mixtures of local anesthetics in an attempt to combine their advantages. We tested the hypothesis that sequential supraclavicular injection of 1.5% @entity4 followed 90 secs later by 0.5% @entity3 speeds onset of sensory block and prolongs duration of @entity2 compared with simultaneous injection of the same 2 local anesthetics. METHODS: We enrolled 103 @entity0 undergoing surgery suitable for supraclavicular anesthesia. The primary outcome was time to 4-nerve sensory block onset in each of the 4 major nerve distributions: median, ulnar, radial, and musculocutaneous. Secondary outcomes included time to onset of first sensory block, time to complete motor block, duration of @entity2 , @entity1 scores at rest and with movement, and total opioid consumption. Outcomes were compared using the Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test or the analysis of variance, as appropriate. RESULTS: Times to 4-nerve sensory block onset were not different between sequential and combined anesthetic administration. The time to complete motor block onset was faster in the combined group as compared with the sequential. There were not significant differences between the 2 randomized groups in other secondary outcomes, such as the time to onset of first sensory block, the duration of @entity2 , the @entity1 scores at rest or with movement, or the total opioid consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Sequential injection of 1.5% @entity4 followed 90 secs later by 0.5% @entity3 provides no advantage compared with simultaneous injection of the same doses.

title: Combined versus sequential injection of XXXX and @entity3 for supraclavicular nerve blocks.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: An ideal local anesthetic with rapid onset and prolonged duration has yet to be developed. Clinicians use mixtures of local anesthetics in an attempt to combine their advantages. We tested the hypothesis that sequential supraclavicular injection of 1.5% @entity4 followed 90 secs later by 0.5% @entity3 speeds onset of sensory block and prolongs duration of @entity2 compared with simultaneous injection of the same 2 local anesthetics. METHODS: We enrolled 103 @entity0 undergoing surgery suitable for supraclavicular anesthesia. The primary outcome was time to 4-nerve sensory block onset in each of the 4 major nerve distributions: median, ulnar, radial, and musculocutaneous. Secondary outcomes included time to onset of first sensory block, time to complete motor block, duration of @entity2 , @entity1 scores at rest and with movement, and total opioid consumption. Outcomes were compared using the Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test or the analysis of variance, as appropriate. RESULTS: Times to 4-nerve sensory block onset were not different between sequential and combined anesthetic administration. The time to complete motor block onset was faster in the combined group as compared with the sequential. There were not significant differences between the 2 randomized groups in other secondary outcomes, such as the time to onset of first sensory block, the duration of @entity2 , the @entity1 scores at rest or with movement, or the total opioid consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Sequential injection of 1.5% @entity4 followed 90 secs later by 0.5% @entity3 provides no advantage compared with simultaneous injection of the same doses.

title: Combined versus sequential injection of @entity4 and XXXX for supraclavicular nerve blocks.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed in open-chest anaesthetized @entity1 and mortality as well as changes in ECG were evaluated for 30 min thereafter. Saline or drugs were administered 15 min prior to ligation. In the control group, following a 4 min lag period @entity3 as single ectopic beats, @entity4 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) appeared, reaching a maximum between 10 and 20 min and disappearing after 30 min. Mortality (40% in the control group) coincided with the period of maximal @entity3 , with @entity5 more common in animals that died than in those surviving. @entity7 , a drug which reduces sino-atrial rate specifically but has no conventional antiarrhythmic properties, reduced mortality and @entity5 . By means of order statistics the quantity 'risk of @entity2 ' was used for evaluation of drug effects, considering incidence of @entity2 and @entity5 as well as duration of @entity5 . This quantity was reduced in correlation with the dose of @entity7 (1-6 mg/kg i.v.) and in correlation with the reduction of heart rate. @entity6 , an antiarrhythmic drug with membrane-depressant properties, also reduced the 'risk of @entity2 ' dose dependently (1-10 mg/kg i.v.), but there was no correlation with a decrease in heart rate. It is suggested that @entity7 reduced 'risk of @entity2 ' by means of a reduced @entity0 demand due to a decrease in heart rate.

title: Antifibrillatory properties of XXXX after coronary artery occlusion in @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed in open-chest anaesthetized @entity1 and mortality as well as changes in ECG were evaluated for 30 min thereafter. Saline or drugs were administered 15 min prior to ligation. In the control group, following a 4 min lag period @entity3 as single ectopic beats, @entity4 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) appeared, reaching a maximum between 10 and 20 min and disappearing after 30 min. Mortality (40% in the control group) coincided with the period of maximal @entity3 , with @entity5 more common in animals that died than in those surviving. @entity7 , a drug which reduces sino-atrial rate specifically but has no conventional antiarrhythmic properties, reduced mortality and @entity5 . By means of order statistics the quantity 'risk of @entity2 ' was used for evaluation of drug effects, considering incidence of @entity2 and @entity5 as well as duration of @entity5 . This quantity was reduced in correlation with the dose of @entity7 (1-6 mg/kg i.v.) and in correlation with the reduction of heart rate. @entity6 , an antiarrhythmic drug with membrane-depressant properties, also reduced the 'risk of @entity2 ' dose dependently (1-10 mg/kg i.v.), but there was no correlation with a decrease in heart rate. It is suggested that @entity7 reduced 'risk of @entity2 ' by means of a reduced @entity0 demand due to a decrease in heart rate.

title: Antifibrillatory properties of @entity7 after coronary artery occlusion in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Recent studies have reported that antiangiogenic gene delivery into @entity1 cells inhibits growth of certain @entity1 in vivo. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a hypervascular @entity1 , and antiangiogenic gene therapy might be suitable for @entity4 . In the present study, we investigated the antiangiogenic effects of @entity9 gene transduction into @entity4 both in vitro and in vivo. @entity9 gene was cloned into a pSecTag2B @entity0 expression vector to construct pSecTag2B-ANG. pSecTag2B or pSecTag2B-ANG were transfected into an @entity4 cell line, @entity6 /PRF/5, and then stable transfectants were obtained by @entity8 selection. pSecTag2B or pSecTag2B-ANG transfection did not alter the expression of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a potent angiogenic stimulator, or @entity7 ( @entity7 ), an angiogenic inhibitor, in @entity6 /PRF/5 cells. However, conditioned media (CM) derived from pSecTag2B-ANG-transfected @entity6 /PRF/5 cells (CM-ANG) suppressed the proliferation and migration of @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by 35% and 50%, respectively, relative to their effects on nontransfected cells. In in vivo experiments, pSecTag2B-ANG stable transfected (CM-Mock) and nontransfected cells ( @entity5 ) were mixed at various proportions and the mixed cells were subcutaneously implanted into athymic @entity3 . Suppression of @entity1 growth was noted in @entity3 implanted with @entity9 gene-transfected cells, and such suppression was proportional with the percentage of transfected cells. Analysis of the vascular density in these @entity1 showed that the @entity1 growth suppression effect of @entity9 gene correlated with suppression of @entity1 vascularity. In conclusion, antiangiogenic gene therapy using @entity9 gene is potentially suitable for the treatment of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Antiangiogenic gene therapy for @entity4 using XXXX gene.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Recent studies have reported that antiangiogenic gene delivery into @entity1 cells inhibits growth of certain @entity1 in vivo. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a hypervascular @entity1 , and antiangiogenic gene therapy might be suitable for @entity4 . In the present study, we investigated the antiangiogenic effects of @entity9 gene transduction into @entity4 both in vitro and in vivo. @entity9 gene was cloned into a pSecTag2B @entity0 expression vector to construct pSecTag2B-ANG. pSecTag2B or pSecTag2B-ANG were transfected into an @entity4 cell line, @entity6 /PRF/5, and then stable transfectants were obtained by @entity8 selection. pSecTag2B or pSecTag2B-ANG transfection did not alter the expression of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a potent angiogenic stimulator, or @entity7 ( @entity7 ), an angiogenic inhibitor, in @entity6 /PRF/5 cells. However, conditioned media (CM) derived from pSecTag2B-ANG-transfected @entity6 /PRF/5 cells (CM-ANG) suppressed the proliferation and migration of @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by 35% and 50%, respectively, relative to their effects on nontransfected cells. In in vivo experiments, pSecTag2B-ANG stable transfected (CM-Mock) and nontransfected cells ( @entity5 ) were mixed at various proportions and the mixed cells were subcutaneously implanted into athymic @entity3 . Suppression of @entity1 growth was noted in @entity3 implanted with @entity9 gene-transfected cells, and such suppression was proportional with the percentage of transfected cells. Analysis of the vascular density in these @entity1 showed that the @entity1 growth suppression effect of @entity9 gene correlated with suppression of @entity1 vascularity. In conclusion, antiangiogenic gene therapy using @entity9 gene is potentially suitable for the treatment of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Antiangiogenic gene therapy for XXXX using @entity9 gene.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a prototypic @entity3 with a complex pathogenesis in which genetic, hormonal and environmental factors have a role. Rare mutations in the @entity6 gene, the major @entity0 3'-5' exonuclease, have been reported in sporadic @entity4 cases. Some of these mutations have also been identified in a rare pediatric neurological condition featuring an inflammatory @entity1 known as @entity5 ( @entity5 ). We sought to investigate the frequency of these mutations in a large multi-ancestral cohort of @entity4 cases and controls. A total of 40 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including both common and rare variants, across the @entity6 gene, were evaluated in    8370 @entity0 with @entity4 and    7490 control subjects. Stringent quality control procedures were applied, and principal components and admixture proportions were calculated to identify outliers for removal from analysis. Population-based case-control association analyses were performed. P-values, false-discovery rate q values, and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The estimated frequency of @entity6 mutations in our lupus cohort was 0.5%. Five heterozygous mutations were detected at the @entity7 polymorphism in European lupus cases but none were observed in European controls. Five African cases incurred heterozygous mutations at the @entity8 polymorphism and, again, none were observed in the African controls. A rare homozygous @entity9 mutation was identified in one Asian @entity4 @entity0 , whereas all genotypes at this mutation in previous reports for @entity4 were heterozygous. Analysis of common @entity6 SNPs (minor allele frequency (MAF)>10%) revealed a relatively common risk haplotype in European @entity4 @entity0 with neurological manifestations, especially @entity2 , with a frequency of 58% in lupus cases compared with 45% in normal controls (P=0.0008, OR=1.73, 95% CI=1.25-2.39). Finally, the presence or absence of specific autoantibodies in certain populations produced significant genetic associations. For example, a strong association with anti-nRNP was observed in the European cohort at a coding synonymous variant @entity10 (P=2.99E-13, OR=5.2, 95% CI=3.18-8.56). Our data confirm and expand previous reports and provide additional support for the involvement of @entity6 in lupus pathogenesis.

title: Evaluation of the XXXX gene in a large multi-ancestral lupus cohort.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The evaluation of health-related quality of life (QOL) in @entity3 intends to quantify its consequences, according to the @entity0   s subjective perception. AIM: To evaluate the health-related QOL in four groups of @entity0 followed at our Nephrology Department: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) stages 1-4, kidney transplant (KT), haemodialysis (HD) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with @entity3 stages 1-4 and 30 KT @entity0 were randomly selected. All @entity0 from our Haemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Units with capacity to answer the inquiry (37 and 14, respectively) were also selected. The instruments applied were the SF-36 and KDQOL-SF 1.3. RESULTS: The four groups presented better results in the <Social Functioning > scale (77.68    18.46 in @entity2 ; 74.17    29.53 in KT; 66.81    31.39 in @entity3 1-4; 62.16    32.84 in HD; p = 0.192). The lowest results appeared in the <General Health> scale (39.92    19.12 in @entity3 ; 45.95    21.56 in HD; 47.13    23.15 in KT; 51.79    18.89 in @entity2 ; p = 0.321). Peritoneal dialysis @entity0 achieved the best results in the Physical Health Component, but this difference disappeared after adjustment to confounding factors. Age, gender and haemoglobin level were the variables related with QOL. However, @entity2 @entity0 obtained better scores comparing to HD @entity0 in the following KDQOL-SF scales: <Effects of @entity1 >, <Burden of @entity1 > and < @entity0 satisfaction> (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Health-related QOL was better in @entity2 @entity0 comparing to haemodialysis @entity0 in specific scales of @entity3 . Age, gender and haemoglobin level interfered with health-related QOL.

title: Quality of life in XXXX .

answer: @entity3