abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study final height after long-term @entity2 ( @entity2 ) treatment in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity0 : One hundred fifty three @entity0 with @entity3 , participating in five European trials, were included. They started @entity2 treatment in 1987-1989 at an age of 10 years or older. Mean age at start of treatment ranged between 11.7 and 14.6 years among countries and mean bone age between 9.4 and 11.8 years. Fourteen @entity0 were lost to follow-up, leaving 139 for analysis. Most @entity0 have now attained final height (FH), defined as a linear growth velocity (GV) of 4 mm/yr or less, measured over at least 6 months (group 1, n = 56), or near-FH, defined as a GV of 5 to 9 mm/yr (group 2, n = 22). Sixty-one @entity0 were still growing 10 mm/yr or more. METHODS AND MAIN RESULTS: At the last measurement, mean (SD) height was 150.7 (4.9) cm in group 1 and 148.5 (5.1) cm in group 2. The differences between FH and projected final height based on extrapolation of the initial height-standard deviation score on @entity3 reference values, were 2.9 (3.8) and 3.0 (3.3) cm, respectively. The mean gain over the Bayley-Pinneau prediction of FH was 3.3 (3.9) cm in both groups. No significant differences between countries were found. The range of gains over projected height (-4.7 to 12.1 cm) was large, and 25% of gains were 5 cm or more. Gain over initial projection was strongly related to @entity1 and to growth response during the first 2 years of treatment. A logistic regression model is presented that predicts gain of more than 5 cm with a positive predictive value of 62% and a negative predictive value of 84%. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term @entity2 treatment in @entity0 with @entity3 , starting treatment at a relatively advanced age ( > 10 years) resulted in a modest mean gain in FH of 3 cm, with wide interindividual variation.

title: Final height after long-term @entity2 treatment in XXXX . European Study Group.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study final height after long-term @entity2 ( @entity2 ) treatment in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity0 : One hundred fifty three @entity0 with @entity3 , participating in five European trials, were included. They started @entity2 treatment in 1987-1989 at an age of 10 years or older. Mean age at start of treatment ranged between 11.7 and 14.6 years among countries and mean bone age between 9.4 and 11.8 years. Fourteen @entity0 were lost to follow-up, leaving 139 for analysis. Most @entity0 have now attained final height (FH), defined as a linear growth velocity (GV) of 4 mm/yr or less, measured over at least 6 months (group 1, n = 56), or near-FH, defined as a GV of 5 to 9 mm/yr (group 2, n = 22). Sixty-one @entity0 were still growing 10 mm/yr or more. METHODS AND MAIN RESULTS: At the last measurement, mean (SD) height was 150.7 (4.9) cm in group 1 and 148.5 (5.1) cm in group 2. The differences between FH and projected final height based on extrapolation of the initial height-standard deviation score on @entity3 reference values, were 2.9 (3.8) and 3.0 (3.3) cm, respectively. The mean gain over the Bayley-Pinneau prediction of FH was 3.3 (3.9) cm in both groups. No significant differences between countries were found. The range of gains over projected height (-4.7 to 12.1 cm) was large, and 25% of gains were 5 cm or more. Gain over initial projection was strongly related to @entity1 and to growth response during the first 2 years of treatment. A logistic regression model is presented that predicts gain of more than 5 cm with a positive predictive value of 62% and a negative predictive value of 84%. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term @entity2 treatment in @entity0 with @entity3 , starting treatment at a relatively advanced age ( > 10 years) resulted in a modest mean gain in FH of 3 cm, with wide interindividual variation.

title: Final height after long-term XXXX treatment in @entity3 . European Study Group.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A recent study in @entity0 fetuses with myelomeningocele ( @entity3 ) suggested that the primary @entity1 is not neural but a failed closure of the posterior vertebral column and paraspinal soft tissue, which leads to exposure and secondary destruction of the spinal cord. The goal of this study was to test whether chronic exposure of the normal spinal cord to the amniotic space produces a lesion similar to @entity0 MMC. In fetal @entity2 at 75 days' gestation (group A) and 60 days' gestation (group B) (term = 150 days), the lumbar spinal cord was exposed to the amniotic cavity by excising skin and paraspinal soft tissues, and by performing a laminectomy. Some animals from both groups were fetectomized and assessed morphologically at 100 days' gestation. The remainder were delivered near term and assessed clinically, electrophysiologically, and morphologically. In group A, all animals showed MMC-type pathology. The exposed spinal cord was herniated out of the spinal canal and rested on the dorsal membranes of a cystic sac. The neural tissue was stretched and flattened out. Histologically, the hallmarks of the spinal cord were not discernable and the cytoarchitecture was lost. These changes were less severe at 100 days than at term. The three survivors in group A were paraplegic. In group B, the two survivors and two fetuses harvested at 100 days had healed skin wounds and near normal spinal cord histology. The other animal harvested at 100 days had a MMC-type lesion with less severe histological changes. The two survivors had a mild paraparesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Creation of myelomeningocele in utero: a model of functional damage from spinal cord exposure in fetal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent to which the sensitization to the @entity5 @entity5 (BG) affects onset/presence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The present work was aimed to assess the prevalence of BG sensitization in an outpatient pediatric population from an @entity3 clinic, the association with @entity1 , and the effect of age in @entity0 with @entity1 sensitization. METHODS: Five hundred and four consecutive @entity0 with at least one positive skin test to a panel of 17 food and inhalant allergens, including BG, and with personal history of @entity2 , were enrolled in an Allergy Unit of Palermo, Mediterranean area of Southern Italy. A questionnaire was administered to obtain data on epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. Atopy index was computed as the number of the individual positive skin prick tests. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between age classes and BG sensitization and @entity4 , as well as the population-attributable risk (PAR) for @entity4 . RESULTS: Prevalence of BG sensitization was 10.5% (5.2% and 15.8% in lower and upper age classes respectively, p=0.0001). Atopy index significantly increased from the lower to the higher age class (p<0.0001). The older age class (OR 3.12; 95% CI 1.57-6.19) and a higher atopy index (OR 37.16; 95% CI 5.04-274.13) were recognized as main risks factors for BG sensitization. CONCLUSION: In the upper age class, the PAR of BG sensitization for @entity4 was 20.6%. BG sensitization increases in the higher ages, along with atopic index, and BG sensitization is associated with rhinoconjunctivis in older @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Association of @entity5 sensitization with @entity2 in pediatric XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent to which the sensitization to the @entity5 @entity5 (BG) affects onset/presence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The present work was aimed to assess the prevalence of BG sensitization in an outpatient pediatric population from an @entity3 clinic, the association with @entity1 , and the effect of age in @entity0 with @entity1 sensitization. METHODS: Five hundred and four consecutive @entity0 with at least one positive skin test to a panel of 17 food and inhalant allergens, including BG, and with personal history of @entity2 , were enrolled in an Allergy Unit of Palermo, Mediterranean area of Southern Italy. A questionnaire was administered to obtain data on epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. Atopy index was computed as the number of the individual positive skin prick tests. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between age classes and BG sensitization and @entity4 , as well as the population-attributable risk (PAR) for @entity4 . RESULTS: Prevalence of BG sensitization was 10.5% (5.2% and 15.8% in lower and upper age classes respectively, p=0.0001). Atopy index significantly increased from the lower to the higher age class (p<0.0001). The older age class (OR 3.12; 95% CI 1.57-6.19) and a higher atopy index (OR 37.16; 95% CI 5.04-274.13) were recognized as main risks factors for BG sensitization. CONCLUSION: In the upper age class, the PAR of BG sensitization for @entity4 was 20.6%. BG sensitization increases in the higher ages, along with atopic index, and BG sensitization is associated with rhinoconjunctivis in older @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Association of @entity5 sensitization with XXXX in pediatric @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent to which the sensitization to the @entity5 @entity5 (BG) affects onset/presence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The present work was aimed to assess the prevalence of BG sensitization in an outpatient pediatric population from an @entity3 clinic, the association with @entity1 , and the effect of age in @entity0 with @entity1 sensitization. METHODS: Five hundred and four consecutive @entity0 with at least one positive skin test to a panel of 17 food and inhalant allergens, including BG, and with personal history of @entity2 , were enrolled in an Allergy Unit of Palermo, Mediterranean area of Southern Italy. A questionnaire was administered to obtain data on epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. Atopy index was computed as the number of the individual positive skin prick tests. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between age classes and BG sensitization and @entity4 , as well as the population-attributable risk (PAR) for @entity4 . RESULTS: Prevalence of BG sensitization was 10.5% (5.2% and 15.8% in lower and upper age classes respectively, p=0.0001). Atopy index significantly increased from the lower to the higher age class (p<0.0001). The older age class (OR 3.12; 95% CI 1.57-6.19) and a higher atopy index (OR 37.16; 95% CI 5.04-274.13) were recognized as main risks factors for BG sensitization. CONCLUSION: In the upper age class, the PAR of BG sensitization for @entity4 was 20.6%. BG sensitization increases in the higher ages, along with atopic index, and BG sensitization is associated with rhinoconjunctivis in older @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Association of XXXX sensitization with @entity2 in pediatric @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent to which the sensitization to the @entity5 @entity5 (BG) affects onset/presence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The present work was aimed to assess the prevalence of BG sensitization in an outpatient pediatric population from an @entity3 clinic, the association with @entity1 , and the effect of age in @entity0 with @entity1 sensitization. METHODS: Five hundred and four consecutive @entity0 with at least one positive skin test to a panel of 17 food and inhalant allergens, including BG, and with personal history of @entity2 , were enrolled in an Allergy Unit of Palermo, Mediterranean area of Southern Italy. A questionnaire was administered to obtain data on epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. Atopy index was computed as the number of the individual positive skin prick tests. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between age classes and BG sensitization and @entity4 , as well as the population-attributable risk (PAR) for @entity4 . RESULTS: Prevalence of BG sensitization was 10.5% (5.2% and 15.8% in lower and upper age classes respectively, p=0.0001). Atopy index significantly increased from the lower to the higher age class (p<0.0001). The older age class (OR 3.12; 95% CI 1.57-6.19) and a higher atopy index (OR 37.16; 95% CI 5.04-274.13) were recognized as main risks factors for BG sensitization. CONCLUSION: In the upper age class, the PAR of BG sensitization for @entity4 was 20.6%. BG sensitization increases in the higher ages, along with atopic index, and BG sensitization is associated with rhinoconjunctivis in older @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Association of @entity5 sensitization with @entity2 in pediatric @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) continues to carry high morbidity and mortality. A number of treatment modalities including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and in utero repair have improved the mortality rate only minimally. With this condition, there is often insufficient lung mass at birth and persistent @entity1 postnatally. Experimental fetal tracheal ligation has been shown to increase lung growth in utero and to reduce the hernial contents in @entity4 . The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of reversible fetal tracheal occlusion on tracheal pressure and lung development. Nine fetal @entity3 were divided into two groups. Group 1 had intratracheal balloons placed, and the balloons were left inflated for 21 to 28 days. Group 2 consisted of littermates that served as controls. They either had uninflated balloons placed or were left unoperated. Tracheal pressure measurements were recorded periodically, and the amniotic fluid pressure served as a reference. The animals were killed near term, and the lungs, heart, and liver were weighed and corrected for body weight. Standard morphometry was used to compare the lungs further, and the lung DNA and protein content were measured. @entity0 from the balloon catheter also was assessed. The tracheal pressure was 3.85 (+/- .49 SE) mm Hg in experimental animals, and it averaged -0.27 (+/- .27 SE) mm Hg in controls (P < .0001). @entity2 increased lung weight and volume by two to three times (P < .0001 and P < .0006, respectively) while heart and liver weights remained similar to those of controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reversible tracheal obstruction in the fetal XXXX : effects on tracheal fluid pressure and lung growth.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The experience with high-risk @entity3 ( @entity3 ) at an institution that does not offer extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was reviewed. Between January 1, 1983 and December 31, 1993, 38 @entity0 presented with Bochdalek-type @entity3 . Excluded were two @entity0 with lethal @entity1 and four presenting after 4 hours of age. Thus, the authors identified 32 high-risk @entity0 . All had early @entity2 and were intubated within 5 hours of birth. Sixteen were inborn; 16 were referred to the Izaak Walton Killam @entity0 's Hospital (IWK) within 24 hours of birth. There were 19 males and 13 females. Three died before surgery could be attempted. Twenty-two survived, giving an overall survival rate of 69% (22 of 32). For 28 of the 32, the best preoperative postductal Pao2 (BPDPao2) was recorded. Fifteen of the 28 @entity0 had a BPDPao2 of greater than 100 mm Hg. Survival in this group was 14 of 15 (93%). Thirteen of the 28 @entity0 had a BPDPao2 of less than 100 mm Hg. Survival in this group was 5 of 13 (38%). These survival rates are comparable to those of centers offering ECMO. BPDPao2 appears to be a useful discriminating variable.

title: Survival in neonatal XXXX without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Long-term follow-up examination with esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed on seven @entity0 who had undergone successful delayed @entity1 for isolated @entity3 . The follow-up period ranged from 1.2 to 11.3 years (mean, 5.3). All @entity0 had undergone fundoplication because of symptomatic @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Three anastomotic strictures had to be resected. At the time of the last follow-up examination, the subjective results were excellent for five @entity0 and good for two. The last endoscopy showed @entity4 in three and normal mucosa in four. The fundoplication was partly disrupted in two @entity0 . In three @entity0 the fundoplication was competent but partly intrathoracic. Histological examination showed moderate @entity4 in one, mild @entity4 in one, and normal mucosa in five @entity0 ; however, four @entity0 were on continuous medication for @entity4 . In conclusion, the subjective results of @entity0 with isolated @entity3 treated with esophageal @entity1 are good. However, long-term complications caused by @entity2 are common in these @entity0 . Therefore, active search and treatment of reflux is necessary for these @entity0 .

title: Long-term complications in cases of isolated @entity3 treated with esophageal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Long-term follow-up examination with esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed on seven @entity0 who had undergone successful delayed @entity1 for isolated @entity3 . The follow-up period ranged from 1.2 to 11.3 years (mean, 5.3). All @entity0 had undergone fundoplication because of symptomatic @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Three anastomotic strictures had to be resected. At the time of the last follow-up examination, the subjective results were excellent for five @entity0 and good for two. The last endoscopy showed @entity4 in three and normal mucosa in four. The fundoplication was partly disrupted in two @entity0 . In three @entity0 the fundoplication was competent but partly intrathoracic. Histological examination showed moderate @entity4 in one, mild @entity4 in one, and normal mucosa in five @entity0 ; however, four @entity0 were on continuous medication for @entity4 . In conclusion, the subjective results of @entity0 with isolated @entity3 treated with esophageal @entity1 are good. However, long-term complications caused by @entity2 are common in these @entity0 . Therefore, active search and treatment of reflux is necessary for these @entity0 .

title: Long-term complications in cases of isolated XXXX treated with esophageal @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. In skeletal muscle fibres, voltage-gated @entity1 channels are concentrated at the neuromuscular junction. The effect of this accumulation of @entity1 channels on action potential generation was investigated in @entity0 slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibres. 2. Intracellular microelectrodes were used to generate and record action potentials, from an imposed membrane potential of -75 and -90 mV, in junctional and extrajunctional regions of the muscle fibre. To identify junctional regions, preparations were incubated with 5 x 10(-7) M @entity2 ( @entity3 ) to block muscle contraction in response to nerve stimulation whilst allowing endplate potentials (EPPs) to be recorded. Injection of rectangular depolarizing current pulses initiated action potentials at the endplate with threshold values several millivolts lower than those generated elsewhere in the fibre. In addition, the maximum rate of rise of the action potential was greater at the endplate than in extrajunctional regions. 3. In other muscles, neuromuscular transmission was partially blocked with @entity3 (2 x 10(-7) M), such that repetitive nerve stimulation evoked action potentials and EPPs in the same fibre. The threshold of these nerve-evoked action potentials was approximately 50% lower than values derived from action potentials generated by current injection. 4. It is concluded that the threshold for action potential generation is significantly lower at the neuromuscular junction than in extrajunctional regions of skeletal muscle fibres. Furthermore, nerve-evoked current is more effective at generating an action potential than is injected current.

title: Action potential generation in XXXX slow- and fast-twitch muscles.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the spleen is a rare disease even in endemic regions. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of percutaneous treatment for splenic @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve @entity0 (four @entity0 , eight @entity0 ) with splenic @entity3 were included in this study. For percutaneous treatment, @entity2 and CE3A splenic hydatid cysts were treated with either the PAIR (puncture, aspiration, injection, respiration) technique or the catheterization technique. RESULTS: Eight of the hydatid cysts were treated with the PAIR technique and four were treated with catheterization. The volume of all cysts decreased significantly during the follow-up period. No complication occurred in seven of 12 @entity0 . Abscess developed in four @entity0 . Two @entity0 underwent splenectomy due to @entity1 developed after percutaneous treatment, while the spleen was preserved in 10 of 12 @entity0 . Total hospital stay was between 1 and 18  days. Hospital stay was longer and the rate of @entity1 was higher in the catheterization group. Follow-up period was 5-117  months (mean, 44.8  months), with no recurrence observed. CONCLUSION: The advantages of the percutaneous treatment are its minimal invasive nature, short hospitalization duration, and its ability to preserve splenic tissue and function. As the catheterization technique is associated with higher abscess risk, we suggest that the PAIR procedure should be the first percutaneous treatment option for splenic @entity3 .

title: Percutaneous Treatment of XXXX : Results of 12 Cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of blunt @entity8 . It can induce active @entity4 and a compressive @entity7 leading to @entity1 . @entity3 remains the gold standard treatment. We aimed to study the effectiveness and complications of @entity6 in @entity0 with post-traumatic @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 7 consecutive @entity0 with active @entity4 treated by @entity6 in a level-one @entity2 center from 2007 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity0 presented with active @entity4 on CT scans without major signs of @entity1 . We focused on technical success, clinical success, and the complications of @entity6 . RESULTS: Six endovascular procedures were successful in controlling @entity4 but 1 @entity0 had surgery to stop associated arterial and @entity4 . One @entity0 suffered from @entity1 , a major @entity6 , which was confirmed by surgery. No @entity5 was noted after angiography. For 1 @entity0 we performed combined management as the endovascular approach allowed an easier surgical exploration. CONCLUSION: In mesenteric @entity2 with active @entity4 , @entity6 is a valuable alternative to surgery and should be considered, taking into account the risk of @entity1 .

title: Arterial Embolization in the Management of Mesenteric Bleeding Secondary to Blunt XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: To improve the differential diagnosis accuracy for @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and to study the basis and mechanisms of enhancement by comparing with the microvessel constructions (microvessel density and basement membrane of microvessels) in @entity3 . METHODS: Dynamic contrast enhancement CT scanning were performed in 38 @entity1 , 5 @entity2 and 10 inflammatory lesions which were less than 3 cm in diameter with Siemens Plus S or Marconi MX 8000 spiral CT scanner. The CT time-attenuation curves were interpreted. The microvessel density (MVD) and the basement membrane of microvessels of the resected specimens were observed with the ABC immuno-histochemical method in all @entity0 . RESULTS: The CT contrasted value of @entity1 [(49.05  16.08) HU] and inflammatory lesions [(49.59  21.30) HU] were significantly higher than that of @entity2 [(8.98  4.56) HU] (t=7.48, P < 0.05; t=8.35, P < 0.05), but the enhancement of @entity1 was similar to that of inflammatory lesions (t=0.76, P > 0.05). The time-attenuation curve of inflammatory lesions tended to increase faster and reach a higher peak value than that of @entity1 , and both of them maintained a high plateau after crossing. The @entity2 showed a slight increase and demonstrated a low plateau curve. The MVD of @entity3 was positively related to CT enhancement (r=0.805 1). The microvessel counts of @entity1 (48.45  10.09) and inflammatory lesions (49.60  19.94) were significantly higher than that of @entity2 (8.70  7.30) (t=11.64, P < 0.001; t=6.09, P < 0.001), but no significant difference was found between @entity1 and inflammatory lesions (t=-0.26, P=0.799). There was no any difference in continuity of basement membrane between nodules with enhanced CT less than 30 HU and higher than 30 U (Chi-square=3.13, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The microvessel counts mainly contribute to the enhancement of @entity3 . The basement membrane is not related to nodule enhancement, but it might influence the pattern of time-attenuation curve.

title: [Difference of microvessel structure between benign and malignant XXXX and its relationship with CT enhancement level].

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the relationship between intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) treatment and the levels of vitreous @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and vitreous-retina surface @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: This study was a prospective, open-label, controlled, randomized clinical trial. Sixty-eight eyes of @entity1 @entity0 (n=53) and macular hole @entity0 (n=15) were enrolled in this study. Thirty-four eyes of the @entity1 @entity0 received IVB before vitrectomy. Twenty-three of the 34 @entity1 @entity0 received IVB treatment 5d before vitrectomy (subgroup a), and 11 of the 34 @entity1 @entity0 received IVB treatment greater than 2wk prior to vitrectomy (subgroup b). Nineteen of the @entity1 @entity0 did not receive IVB treatment at any time prior to vitrectomy. The levels of @entity4 and @entity2 in vitreous samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the degree of @entity3 was characterized using clinical data and data obtained intra-operatively. RESULTS: In @entity1 @entity0 , @entity2 and @entity4 levels were significantly increased compared to non- @entity1 (control) subject' @entity5 (P<0.01). In @entity1 @entity0 , vitreous @entity2 levels were significantly decreased following IVB treatment compared to @entity1 @entity0 that did not receive IVB treatment (P<0.01). The degree of @entity3 was significantly increased in subgroup b compared to subgroup a(P<0.05) and to @entity0 that did not receive IVB (P<0.05). Vitreous @entity4 levels were significantly greater in subgroup b than subgroup a (P<0.01) or in @entity0 who did not receive IVB treatment (P<0.05). A Spearman's rank correlation test indicated that higher levels of vitreous @entity4 , but not @entity2 , correlated with the degree of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: We found that @entity4 levels increase in @entity1 @entity0 's vitreous after IVB treatment longer than two weeks prior to vitrectomy and correlated with the degree of @entity3 after IVB treatment. These findings suggest vitreous @entity3 is increased in @entity1 @entity0 after IVB treatment may be due to increased levels of @entity4 .

title: Changes in vitreous @entity2 , @entity4 and XXXX in @entity1 after intravitreal bevacizumab.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the relationship between intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) treatment and the levels of vitreous @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and vitreous-retina surface @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: This study was a prospective, open-label, controlled, randomized clinical trial. Sixty-eight eyes of @entity1 @entity0 (n=53) and macular hole @entity0 (n=15) were enrolled in this study. Thirty-four eyes of the @entity1 @entity0 received IVB before vitrectomy. Twenty-three of the 34 @entity1 @entity0 received IVB treatment 5d before vitrectomy (subgroup a), and 11 of the 34 @entity1 @entity0 received IVB treatment greater than 2wk prior to vitrectomy (subgroup b). Nineteen of the @entity1 @entity0 did not receive IVB treatment at any time prior to vitrectomy. The levels of @entity4 and @entity2 in vitreous samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the degree of @entity3 was characterized using clinical data and data obtained intra-operatively. RESULTS: In @entity1 @entity0 , @entity2 and @entity4 levels were significantly increased compared to non- @entity1 (control) subject' @entity5 (P<0.01). In @entity1 @entity0 , vitreous @entity2 levels were significantly decreased following IVB treatment compared to @entity1 @entity0 that did not receive IVB treatment (P<0.01). The degree of @entity3 was significantly increased in subgroup b compared to subgroup a(P<0.05) and to @entity0 that did not receive IVB (P<0.05). Vitreous @entity4 levels were significantly greater in subgroup b than subgroup a (P<0.01) or in @entity0 who did not receive IVB treatment (P<0.05). A Spearman's rank correlation test indicated that higher levels of vitreous @entity4 , but not @entity2 , correlated with the degree of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: We found that @entity4 levels increase in @entity1 @entity0 's vitreous after IVB treatment longer than two weeks prior to vitrectomy and correlated with the degree of @entity3 after IVB treatment. These findings suggest vitreous @entity3 is increased in @entity1 @entity0 after IVB treatment may be due to increased levels of @entity4 .

title: Changes in vitreous XXXX , @entity4 and @entity3 in @entity1 after intravitreal bevacizumab.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the relationship between intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) treatment and the levels of vitreous @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and vitreous-retina surface @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: This study was a prospective, open-label, controlled, randomized clinical trial. Sixty-eight eyes of @entity1 @entity0 (n=53) and macular hole @entity0 (n=15) were enrolled in this study. Thirty-four eyes of the @entity1 @entity0 received IVB before vitrectomy. Twenty-three of the 34 @entity1 @entity0 received IVB treatment 5d before vitrectomy (subgroup a), and 11 of the 34 @entity1 @entity0 received IVB treatment greater than 2wk prior to vitrectomy (subgroup b). Nineteen of the @entity1 @entity0 did not receive IVB treatment at any time prior to vitrectomy. The levels of @entity4 and @entity2 in vitreous samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the degree of @entity3 was characterized using clinical data and data obtained intra-operatively. RESULTS: In @entity1 @entity0 , @entity2 and @entity4 levels were significantly increased compared to non- @entity1 (control) subject' @entity5 (P<0.01). In @entity1 @entity0 , vitreous @entity2 levels were significantly decreased following IVB treatment compared to @entity1 @entity0 that did not receive IVB treatment (P<0.01). The degree of @entity3 was significantly increased in subgroup b compared to subgroup a(P<0.05) and to @entity0 that did not receive IVB (P<0.05). Vitreous @entity4 levels were significantly greater in subgroup b than subgroup a (P<0.01) or in @entity0 who did not receive IVB treatment (P<0.05). A Spearman's rank correlation test indicated that higher levels of vitreous @entity4 , but not @entity2 , correlated with the degree of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: We found that @entity4 levels increase in @entity1 @entity0 's vitreous after IVB treatment longer than two weeks prior to vitrectomy and correlated with the degree of @entity3 after IVB treatment. These findings suggest vitreous @entity3 is increased in @entity1 @entity0 after IVB treatment may be due to increased levels of @entity4 .

title: Changes in vitreous @entity2 , XXXX and @entity3 in @entity1 after intravitreal bevacizumab.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the relationship between intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) treatment and the levels of vitreous @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and vitreous-retina surface @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: This study was a prospective, open-label, controlled, randomized clinical trial. Sixty-eight eyes of @entity1 @entity0 (n=53) and macular hole @entity0 (n=15) were enrolled in this study. Thirty-four eyes of the @entity1 @entity0 received IVB before vitrectomy. Twenty-three of the 34 @entity1 @entity0 received IVB treatment 5d before vitrectomy (subgroup a), and 11 of the 34 @entity1 @entity0 received IVB treatment greater than 2wk prior to vitrectomy (subgroup b). Nineteen of the @entity1 @entity0 did not receive IVB treatment at any time prior to vitrectomy. The levels of @entity4 and @entity2 in vitreous samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the degree of @entity3 was characterized using clinical data and data obtained intra-operatively. RESULTS: In @entity1 @entity0 , @entity2 and @entity4 levels were significantly increased compared to non- @entity1 (control) subject' @entity5 (P<0.01). In @entity1 @entity0 , vitreous @entity2 levels were significantly decreased following IVB treatment compared to @entity1 @entity0 that did not receive IVB treatment (P<0.01). The degree of @entity3 was significantly increased in subgroup b compared to subgroup a(P<0.05) and to @entity0 that did not receive IVB (P<0.05). Vitreous @entity4 levels were significantly greater in subgroup b than subgroup a (P<0.01) or in @entity0 who did not receive IVB treatment (P<0.05). A Spearman's rank correlation test indicated that higher levels of vitreous @entity4 , but not @entity2 , correlated with the degree of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: We found that @entity4 levels increase in @entity1 @entity0 's vitreous after IVB treatment longer than two weeks prior to vitrectomy and correlated with the degree of @entity3 after IVB treatment. These findings suggest vitreous @entity3 is increased in @entity1 @entity0 after IVB treatment may be due to increased levels of @entity4 .

title: Changes in vitreous @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity3 in XXXX after intravitreal bevacizumab.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To investigate the influencing factors of visual field improvement after trans-sphenoidal resection of @entity4 . METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 201 @entity0 (366 eyes) with @entity3 induced by @entity4 . All of them were treated with trans-sphenoidal surgery. Ophthalmologic evaluation, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and visual field examination were performed before and 3mo after surgery. BCVA, @entity3 index @entity5 ( @entity5 ), duration of symptoms, age, sex, and volume of @entity1 were compared. Expression of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and Ki-67 of @entity1 tissue were detected by immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity0 was 44.23  1.29y. Ninety-three @entity0 were female and 108 were male. The mean @entity1 volume was 14.36  6.23 cm(3). The mean duration of preoperative symptoms was 11.50  0.88mo. Mean preoperative @entity5 was -17.50  0.82 dB. Mean Preoperative visual acuity was 0.64  0.04. Postoperative visual field improved in 270 (73.77%) eyes, unchanged in 96 (26.23%) eyes. Multivariate logistic regression displayed that the factors independently influencing visual field improvement were young age (OR=1.71, 95%CI: 1.325-2.387, P=0.013), low preoperative @entity5 absolute value (OR=1.277, 95%CI: 1.205-1.355, P<0.001), small volume of @entity1 (OR=1.458, 95%CI: 1.060-4.289, P<0.001), low expression of @entity2 in @entity1 tissue (OR=1.554, 95%CI: 1.089-2.457, P=0.022), and low expression of Ki-67 in @entity1 tissue (OR=1.552, 95%CI: 1.161-2.847, P=0.026). CONCLUSION: After @entity4 trans-sphenoidal resection, the independent influencing factors of the visual fields recovery were low preoperative @entity5 absolute value, young age, small volume of @entity1 , and expression levels of @entity2 / Ki-67.

title: Factors influencing improvement of visual field after trans-sphenoidal resection of XXXX : a retrospective cohort study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of vaginosonography in predicting the presence of abnormal intrauterine findings at hysteroscopy in @entity0 presenting with abnormal uterine @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred thirty-eight @entity0 between the ages of 25 and 75 were evaluated for abnormal uterine @entity1 by a combination of vaginal probe ultrasound, hysteroscopy and suction curettage. Ultrasound findings were classified as normal, abnormal or equivocal, and hysteroscopic findings as normal or abnormal. The ability of findings on ultrasound to predict a normal or abnormal hysteroscopic examination was evaluated. RESULTS: Ultrasound examination was normal, equivocal and abnormal in 57 (24%), 78 (33%) and 103 (43%) @entity0 , respectively. If equivocal scans are excluded, ultrasound had a positive predictive value of 87%, negative predictive value of 89%, sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 89%. If equivocal scans are considered abnormal, the positive predictive value of an abnormal ultrasound examination was 75%, negative predictive value was 89%, sensitivity 96% and specificity 53%. Vaginosonography detected 99% of @entity3 and 89% of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Normal and abnormal vaginal probe ultrasound examination of the uterus is effective in predicting the presence or absence of endometrial pathology as determined by hysteroscopy and suction curettage. Vaginal probe ultrasound is an excellent screening examination for the presence of intrauterine pathology and can assist in planning further evaluation and treatment.

title: Abnormal uterine XXXX . Accuracy of vaginal probe ultrasound in predicting abnormal hysteroscopic findings.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: Is the combined excisional/ablative technique for the treatment of @entity1 better than the traditional stripping technique in terms of recurrence rate? SUMMARY ANSWER: There is no evidence that the combined excisional/ablative technique is better than the traditional stripping technique, as similar recurrence rates were observed for the two techniques. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The stripping technique is associated with better results compared with ablative, non-excisional techniques for the treatment of @entity1 . Excisional techniques, such as stripping, have, however, been associated with reduced ovarian reserve as evaluated with anti-Mullerian hormone, and surgical techniques that better preserve the ovarian reserve are needed. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A prospective, multicentre, randomized blinded clinical trial was carried out on 51 @entity0 with @entity2 larger than 3 cm. For each @entity0 , serving as her own control, one ovary was randomized to the stripping technique and the contralateral to the combined excisional/ablative technique. @entity0 were enrolled between January 2013 and April 2014. @entity0 /MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: @entity0 of reproductive age with @entity4 affected by @entity2 larger than 3 cm were included (n = 51). The @entity0 underwent laparoscopic removal of @entity2 with two different surgical techniques performed at either side after random assignment: complete removal by stripping on one side versus the combined technique, consisting of partial excisional cystectomy followed by completion with ablative surgery using @entity3 , on the other side. Post-operative follow-up was performed at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery for the evaluation of @entity2 recurrence (primary outcome) and of antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian volumes (OVs) to assess ovarian reserve (secondary outcome). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Recurrence rates were 5.9% for the stripping technique versus 2.0% for the combined technique (odds ratio 3.00; 95% confidence interval: 0.24-157.5; P = 0.62). AFC in the ovaries treated with the stripping technique did not differ significantly from AFC in ovaries treated with the combined technique at all follow-up visits, whereas OV was significantly lower after the combined technique at the 6-month follow-up visit (P = 0.04). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: A major limitation of this study is the small sample size and particularly for ovarian reserve, the secondary outcome, for which no formal sample size calculation was performed. The lower-than-expected recurrence rates in the present series may be related to the shorter follow-up in our study compared with most studies in the literature. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are needed to confirm the findings of this study. The combined technique using @entity5 laser energy instead of @entity3 should also be evaluated. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The traditional excisional technique, i.e. the stripping technique, should still be considered the gold standard approach for the surgical treatment of @entity2 . STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: No commercial funding was received. The authors report no relevant conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ANZCTR number ACTRN12614000653662. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE: 23 June 2014. DATE OF FIRST @entity0 'S ENROLMENT: 1 January 2013.

title: Comparison between the stripping technique and the combined excisional/ablative technique for the treatment of bilateral XXXX : a multicentre RCT.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been shown that patch closure after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) decreases the rate of recurrent @entity4 . This study was designed to evaluate the utility of @entity3 pericardium patch as an option for patch closure after CEA. METHODS: This retrospective study examined 845 CEAs with @entity3 patch closure that were performed by the surgeons of Indiana-Ohio Heart, Fort Wayne, IN, between May 2003 and March 2009. The average age of the @entity0 was 72.7    10.6 years and postoperative follow-up was performed using duplex ultrasound at (ideally) 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter. The average duration of follow-up for this study was 19.2    16.8 months (ranging from 1 day to 72 months). All @entity0 were evaluated for demographics and postoperative medications. @entity2 was categorized in three ways: nonsignificant (0-59% narrowing of the artery), significant (60-79%), or critical (80-99%). A total of 796 arteries were studied at least once during the postoperative period. RESULTS: None of the postoperative duplex studies revealed occlusion of the endarterectomized artery. At the mean follow-up duration, 323 endarterectomized arteries were studied. In all, 24  arteries (7.43%) had significant @entity4 and only two (0.62%) had critical @entity4 . These numbers compare favorably with the recurrent restenosis rates of other materials. Additionally, the effect of statins on restenosis rates was studied. We were unable to demonstrate a beneficial effect of postoperative statin therapy on restenosis rates. CONCLUSION: The use of @entity3 pericardium for patch closure in CEA yields excellent freedom from residual or recurrent @entity1 and the use of statins postoperatively failed to reduce the likelihood of residual or recurrent @entity4 .

title: Retrospective analysis of XXXX pericardium (Vascu-Guard) for patch closure in carotid endarterectomies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The " @entity3 Core Set for Low Back @entity1 (LBP)" is an application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and represents the typical spectrum of problems in functioning for @entity0 with LBP. The aim of this study was to validate the @entity3 Core Set for @entity2 from the perspective of physical therapists. Physical therapists experienced in LBP treatment were asked about the @entity0 ' problems, @entity0 ' resources and aspects of environment treated by physical therapists in a three-round survey using the Delphi technique. Responses were linked to the ICF. Eighty-four physical therapists in 32 countries named 1955 concepts that covered all ICF components. Fourteen ICF categories were not represented in the @entity3 Core Set for LBP although at least 75% of the @entity0 have rated them as important. Most of them belonged to the ICF component "Body Functions". Twenty-eight concepts were linked to the not-yet-developed ICF component personal factors. Further, 21 issues were not covered by the ICF. The validity of the ICF components "Body Structures", "Activities and Participation" and "Environmental Factors" was largely supported by the physical therapists. However, several body functions were identified which are not covered and need further investigation.

title: Validation of the comprehensive ICF core set for XXXX : the perspective of physical therapists.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity4 and @entity2 have been proposed as causes of acute benign spinal @entity5 , but this etiology has not been investigated. PURPOSE: To investigate the presence of periarticular tissue @entity2 and zygapophysial joint @entity6 in the cervical region using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in subjects with acute unilateral cervical @entity5 and limited motion (acute "crick in the neck" <48 hours from onset), as well as the feasibility of recruiting these subjects. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Three-month case series in a university setting and private radiology clinic. @entity0 SAMPLE: Five subjects (three @entity0 and two @entity0 ; mean age, 31.6 years; @entity12 [ @entity12 ], 12.4). METHODS: Each subject was examined by a researcher experienced in manual medicine to assess active range of neck movement and the side and symptomatic segmental level of @entity5 . Subjects then underwent a blinded MRI investigation, which included sagittal images through the entire neck and cervical spine and axial images from C2 to T1. Evidence of capsule or periarticular @entity1 and joint space T2 increase was recorded and scored. Additionally, signs of @entity1 , alignment, @entity3 , facet @entity11 , and @entity7 were recorded. RESULTS: Subjects presented with mean current @entity5 of 4.8 ( @entity12 , 1.6; visual analog scale, 0-10), worst @entity5 since onset of 7.0 ( @entity12 , 0.7), and duration of symptoms of 12.4 hours ( @entity12 , 14.1). The plane of active motion most commonly limited was rotation to the @entity5 side, followed by side bending to the @entity5 side and extension. No MRI findings demonstrated clear evidence of @entity8 or @entity2 around the joints of the cervical spine. In some individuals, signs of @entity1 , altered alignment, disc and facet @entity9 , and @entity7 were noted, but these did not appear to be related to the side of @entity5 or symptomatic level. CONCLUSIONS: No evidence of @entity2 was detected, and more sensitive imaging methods may be required to detect inflammatory changes in or around the cervical joints of subjects with acute @entity10 . Recruitment of subjects with acute "crick in the neck" @entity5 (<48 hours duration) is difficult but feasible over a long data collection period.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of subjects with acute XXXX and restricted motion: a prospective case series.

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anaerobic bacteria are increasingly regarded as important in @entity3 . The aim of this study was to determine the effect of antibiotic treatment on aerobic and anaerobic microbial community diversity and abundance during exacerbations in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Sputum was collected at the start and completion of antibiotic treatment of exacerbations and when clinically stable. Bacteria were quantified and identified following culture, and community composition was also examined using culture-independent methods. RESULTS: @entity1 or @entity4 complex were detected by culture in 24/26 samples at the start of treatment, 22/26 samples at completion of treatment and 11/13 stable samples. Anaerobic bacteria were detected in all start of treatment and stable samples and in 23/26 completion of treatment samples. Molecular analysis showed greater bacterial diversity within sputum samples than was detected by culture; there was reasonably good agreement between the methods for the presence or absence of aerobic bacteria such as @entity1 (k=0.74) and @entity4 complex (k=0.92), but agreement was poorer for anaerobes. Both methods showed that the composition of the bacterial community varied between @entity0 but remained relatively stable in most individuals despite treatment. Bacterial abundance decreased transiently following treatment, with this effect more evident for aerobes (median decrease in total viable count 2.3 10(7) cfu/g, p=0.005) than for anaerobes (median decrease in total viable count 3 10(6) cfu/g, p=0.046). CONCLUSION: Antibiotic treatment targeted against aerobes had a minimal effect on abundance of anaerobes and community composition, with both culture and molecular detection methods required for comprehensive characterisation of the microbial community in the @entity2 lung. Further studies are required to determine the clinical significance of and optimal treatment for these newly identified bacteria.

title: Use of culture and molecular analysis to determine the effect of antibiotic treatment on microbial community diversity and abundance during exacerbation in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anaerobic bacteria are increasingly regarded as important in @entity3 . The aim of this study was to determine the effect of antibiotic treatment on aerobic and anaerobic microbial community diversity and abundance during exacerbations in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Sputum was collected at the start and completion of antibiotic treatment of exacerbations and when clinically stable. Bacteria were quantified and identified following culture, and community composition was also examined using culture-independent methods. RESULTS: @entity1 or @entity4 complex were detected by culture in 24/26 samples at the start of treatment, 22/26 samples at completion of treatment and 11/13 stable samples. Anaerobic bacteria were detected in all start of treatment and stable samples and in 23/26 completion of treatment samples. Molecular analysis showed greater bacterial diversity within sputum samples than was detected by culture; there was reasonably good agreement between the methods for the presence or absence of aerobic bacteria such as @entity1 (k=0.74) and @entity4 complex (k=0.92), but agreement was poorer for anaerobes. Both methods showed that the composition of the bacterial community varied between @entity0 but remained relatively stable in most individuals despite treatment. Bacterial abundance decreased transiently following treatment, with this effect more evident for aerobes (median decrease in total viable count 2.3 10(7) cfu/g, p=0.005) than for anaerobes (median decrease in total viable count 3 10(6) cfu/g, p=0.046). CONCLUSION: Antibiotic treatment targeted against aerobes had a minimal effect on abundance of anaerobes and community composition, with both culture and molecular detection methods required for comprehensive characterisation of the microbial community in the @entity2 lung. Further studies are required to determine the clinical significance of and optimal treatment for these newly identified bacteria.

title: Use of culture and molecular analysis to determine the effect of antibiotic treatment on microbial community diversity and abundance during exacerbation in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Protein, or @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is of sufficient magnitude to exert a powerful effect on Starling forces across the capillary wall. Although avian skin lacks active mechanisms for fluid transmission, such as sweating, it is now hypothesized that passive oncotic forces may regulate fluid flow and distribution in the skin and related phenomena. In this study, serum protein profiles, as well as @entity0 in serum ( @entity0 (s)) and in suction blister fluid ( @entity0 (sbf)), were determined in juvenile, young and adult female and male @entity2 . For assessing @entity0 , the Ott-Ahlqvist equation was applied. This equation can formulate the effects of multiple serum proteins on @entity0 , according to their molecular mass. The @entity0 values determined in @entity2 were lower than those previously found in mammals. @entity0 (s) increased with age in males, and was higher in adult males than in adult females. In contrast, @entity0 (sbf) decreased with age in females, although it was better preserved in adult males. The age-dependent decrease in @entity0 was associated with a parallel decrease in the concentration of a(1)-globulin and albumin, and a positive correlation between packed cell volume ( @entity1 ) and @entity0 was found. It is concluded that ageing affects Ott's @entity0 around the vessel wall, and that an oncotic mechanism preserves plasma volume. The preservation of @entity0 (sbf) in males suggests better maintenance of the interstitial ground substance. Females seem to lose more of a tissue's @entity0 (s) counteracting force than males, probably as a result of gender-specific changes in the composition of the interstitial matrix. Further studies are required to elucidate the structure and function of avian lymphatics and their role in skin rheology.

title: Ott's protein osmotic pressure of serum and interstitial fluid in XXXX ( @entity2 ): effect of age and gender.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Protein, or @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is of sufficient magnitude to exert a powerful effect on Starling forces across the capillary wall. Although avian skin lacks active mechanisms for fluid transmission, such as sweating, it is now hypothesized that passive oncotic forces may regulate fluid flow and distribution in the skin and related phenomena. In this study, serum protein profiles, as well as @entity0 in serum ( @entity0 (s)) and in suction blister fluid ( @entity0 (sbf)), were determined in juvenile, young and adult female and male @entity2 . For assessing @entity0 , the Ott-Ahlqvist equation was applied. This equation can formulate the effects of multiple serum proteins on @entity0 , according to their molecular mass. The @entity0 values determined in @entity2 were lower than those previously found in mammals. @entity0 (s) increased with age in males, and was higher in adult males than in adult females. In contrast, @entity0 (sbf) decreased with age in females, although it was better preserved in adult males. The age-dependent decrease in @entity0 was associated with a parallel decrease in the concentration of a(1)-globulin and albumin, and a positive correlation between packed cell volume ( @entity1 ) and @entity0 was found. It is concluded that ageing affects Ott's @entity0 around the vessel wall, and that an oncotic mechanism preserves plasma volume. The preservation of @entity0 (sbf) in males suggests better maintenance of the interstitial ground substance. Females seem to lose more of a tissue's @entity0 (s) counteracting force than males, probably as a result of gender-specific changes in the composition of the interstitial matrix. Further studies are required to elucidate the structure and function of avian lymphatics and their role in skin rheology.

title: Ott's protein osmotic pressure of serum and interstitial fluid in @entity2 ( XXXX ): effect of age and gender.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The NO-derivative of the @entity2 protease inhibitor @entity1 ( @entity7 ) is a nontoxic variant of the parental drug with enhanced anticancer activity on several cell lines. However, it is still unclear whether the @entity3 status of the target cell might influence the sensitivity to @entity7 . In this study we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activity of @entity7 on the @entity3 - @entity0 PC-3 cells. We demonstrate that the absence of functional @entity3 is not essential for the capacity of @entity7 to reduce @entity0 cell growth. In contrast to its previously described cytostatic action in B16 and C6 cell lines, @entity7 exerted cytotoxic effects in PC-3 cells leading to dominant induction of apoptosis and enhanced production of proapoptotic Bim. In addition, differently from @entity1 , @entity7 restored @entity4 sensitivity that was correlated with increased expression of @entity5 independent from ROS/RNS production and @entity6 repression. NF-kB activation may be responsible of the @entity7 induced @entity5 expression. Moreover, @entity7 but not @entity1 , exerted synergistic activity with conventional cytostatic therapy. In agreement with these in vitro studies, @entity7 inhibited the in vivo growth of PC-3 cells xenotransplants to a greater extent than the parental compound. Taken together, these data indicate that @entity7 possesses powerful and suitable in vitro and in vivo chemotherapeutic potential to be further studied as a novel drug for the treatment of @entity0 in the clinical setting.

title: In vitro and in vivo anticancer action of @entity1 -NO, a novel nitric oxide-derivative of the protease inhibitor @entity1 , on hormone resistant XXXX cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The NO-derivative of the @entity2 protease inhibitor @entity1 ( @entity7 ) is a nontoxic variant of the parental drug with enhanced anticancer activity on several cell lines. However, it is still unclear whether the @entity3 status of the target cell might influence the sensitivity to @entity7 . In this study we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activity of @entity7 on the @entity3 - @entity0 PC-3 cells. We demonstrate that the absence of functional @entity3 is not essential for the capacity of @entity7 to reduce @entity0 cell growth. In contrast to its previously described cytostatic action in B16 and C6 cell lines, @entity7 exerted cytotoxic effects in PC-3 cells leading to dominant induction of apoptosis and enhanced production of proapoptotic Bim. In addition, differently from @entity1 , @entity7 restored @entity4 sensitivity that was correlated with increased expression of @entity5 independent from ROS/RNS production and @entity6 repression. NF-kB activation may be responsible of the @entity7 induced @entity5 expression. Moreover, @entity7 but not @entity1 , exerted synergistic activity with conventional cytostatic therapy. In agreement with these in vitro studies, @entity7 inhibited the in vivo growth of PC-3 cells xenotransplants to a greater extent than the parental compound. Taken together, these data indicate that @entity7 possesses powerful and suitable in vitro and in vivo chemotherapeutic potential to be further studied as a novel drug for the treatment of @entity0 in the clinical setting.

title: In vitro and in vivo anticancer action of XXXX -NO, a novel nitric oxide-derivative of the protease inhibitor @entity1 , on hormone resistant @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The NO-derivative of the @entity2 protease inhibitor @entity1 ( @entity7 ) is a nontoxic variant of the parental drug with enhanced anticancer activity on several cell lines. However, it is still unclear whether the @entity3 status of the target cell might influence the sensitivity to @entity7 . In this study we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activity of @entity7 on the @entity3 - @entity0 PC-3 cells. We demonstrate that the absence of functional @entity3 is not essential for the capacity of @entity7 to reduce @entity0 cell growth. In contrast to its previously described cytostatic action in B16 and C6 cell lines, @entity7 exerted cytotoxic effects in PC-3 cells leading to dominant induction of apoptosis and enhanced production of proapoptotic Bim. In addition, differently from @entity1 , @entity7 restored @entity4 sensitivity that was correlated with increased expression of @entity5 independent from ROS/RNS production and @entity6 repression. NF-kB activation may be responsible of the @entity7 induced @entity5 expression. Moreover, @entity7 but not @entity1 , exerted synergistic activity with conventional cytostatic therapy. In agreement with these in vitro studies, @entity7 inhibited the in vivo growth of PC-3 cells xenotransplants to a greater extent than the parental compound. Taken together, these data indicate that @entity7 possesses powerful and suitable in vitro and in vivo chemotherapeutic potential to be further studied as a novel drug for the treatment of @entity0 in the clinical setting.

title: In vitro and in vivo anticancer action of @entity1 -NO, a novel nitric oxide-derivative of the protease inhibitor XXXX , on hormone resistant @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Importance of risk factors as @entity2 , hyperlipidaemia, @entity1 and cigarette smoking because of hemodynamic and complication during @entity4 and influence of live quality during the first year after @entity4 was pointed out in this study. No risk factor was found in 12.1% out of 248 @entity0 . 25.8% had one, 33.5% two, 12.9% three and 3.2% four risk factors. If only one risk factor for @entity3 was documented, 35.9% showed cigarette smoking. If there were two risk factors, most of the @entity0 had @entity1 and @entity2 , and the combination @entity1 , hyperlipidaemia and cigarette smoking was favourite if there were three risk factors present. The mean age of all @entity0 was 65.9 +/- 10.8 years. @entity0 who smoked or had hyperlipidaemia were statistically significantly younger (p < 0.001). There was no correlation between number of risk factors or kind of it and pulse frequence, cardiac index, pulmonary artery pressure and third heart sound during phase of @entity4 . Also no correlation was found between the risk factors @entity2 , @entity1 and cigarette smoking and rhythm disturbance of reinfarction. @entity0 with normal lipids had significant more bradycard or tachycard rhythm disturbances as @entity0 with hyperlipidaemia (p < 0.05). @entity0 without @entity1 or @entity2 had better bicycle tests than @entity0 with this risk factors (p < 0.01). 92% of @entity2 @entity0 had regular drug medication; 14.1% of smoking @entity0 continued smoking cigarettes after @entity4 . Only 62.1% of @entity1 @entity0 , 54.1% of hyperlipidaemic @entity0 and 40% of overweight @entity0 kept diet. Because of this bad quality of @entity0 compliance there was no exact information possible in predicting value of secondary preventive measurements after @entity4 .

title: [Importance of risk factors in XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity4


abstract: A report is given on long-term results after the removal of spinal mengiomas and @entity2 . A total of 150 @entity0 with @entity4 and 80 @entity0 with spinal @entity2 were operated on within a period of 25 years at the Neurosurgical Clinic in the Division Medicine of the Karl-Marx-University Leipzig. The primary results of the operations are secertained by a comparison of the preand portoperative ability to walk. Improvements were found in one third of all @entity0 after @entity4 operations and in more than ten per cent of the @entity0 after removal of a @entity2 . The long-term rests were ascertained by means of questioning all @entity0 that could be contracted after 2 to 25 years, sending them a questionaire in the form of a reply card. The number of @entity0 who had become able to walk had doubles as compared with the condition before the operation: 56 per cent of all @entity0 after @entity4 operations and 64 per cent of all @entity0 after removal of a spinal @entity2 . The long-term results have not been mainly influenced by the age of the @entity0 and by the duration of the anamnesis. The greatest threat for @entity0 with @entity1 are the misjudging of the disease and a certain loss of time when @entity3 was threatening. The prognosis in operations for relapses was considerably worse. So radical surgery in the first intervention must be attached the greatest importance. A tendency to infiltrations in case of @entity4 , especially in juvenile @entity0 , and the overlooking of the smallest parts of extradural @entity1 in case of @entity5 are frequent causes of the development of relapses and should be taken into account when carrying out the first ingervention.

title: [Follow-up study of XXXX of the spine].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The clinical features, histology and follow-up of lymph node @entity4 are presented in the light of 237 histologically and serologically verified cases. @entity3 is a disease with mild symptoms, and in most @entity0 the enlarged lymph nodes were the only sign. Three fourths of the @entity0 were @entity0 and the majority were under 40 years of age. The clinical picture was not specific, but suggestive features included a relatively short history, presence of the nodes in the neck and relative @entity2 . Histological changes in the lymph nodes were characteristic. The most important features were strong hyperplasia but preserved general structure with small groups of epithelioid cells both in the paracortical area and in the germinal centers. Strands of monocytoid cells were usually found. 80% of the cases with typical histology also had high antibody titers, and in more than 85% of the cases with high antibodies, the lymph nodes presented a typical @entity4 . The follow-up revealed that @entity3 . The follow-up revealed that @entity3 is a disease without complications, nor is there any connection with @entity1 .

title: XXXX . Follow-up of 237 histologically diagnosed and serologically verified cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 with @entity5 experience delayed intestinal motility and absorption for several weeks after birth. This @entity4 is believed to occur primarily in the third trimester and to be largely caused by the prolonged exposure of the intestine to amniotic fluid. Previous studies have shown that prenatal @entity2 administration will enhance mucosal disaccharidase activity and nutrient uptake. The present study evaluates the effects of @entity3 on intestinal function in a @entity1 fetal @entity5 model. Thirty-four fetuses from 10 New Zealand white @entity1 were divided into three groups: (1) @entity5 group (GSC, n = 10), @entity5 was created on gestational day (GD) 24 (term = 31 to 33 days); (2) @entity3 group ( @entity7 , n = 10), after the creation of @entity5 , a small osmotic pump was placed into the @entity1 doe for @entity3 infusion into the fetal amniotic cavity for 7 days (0.2 microgram/g/d); (3) normal group (NF, n = 10), unoperated littermates from the GSC group. There were no maternal deaths, and fetal survival rate was 85%. The fetal small intestinal disaccharidase enzyme, @entity6 (UE/g protein), was markedly decreased in GSC fetuses. It was increased 70% in the @entity7 group but lower than in normal fetuses (GSC = 10.0 +/- 1.6; @entity7 = 17.3 +/- 1.6 [ @entity7 versus GSC, P < .05]; NF = 48.0 +/- 6.7). Maltase activity in the @entity7 group was significantly increased (GSC = 7.2 +/- 1.1; @entity7 = 13.9 +/- 1.8 [ @entity7 versus GSC, P < .05]; NF = 12.2 +/- 1.3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of intraamniotic @entity3 administration on intestinal absorption in a @entity1 XXXX model.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity0 with @entity5 experience delayed intestinal motility and absorption for several weeks after birth. This @entity4 is believed to occur primarily in the third trimester and to be largely caused by the prolonged exposure of the intestine to amniotic fluid. Previous studies have shown that prenatal @entity2 administration will enhance mucosal disaccharidase activity and nutrient uptake. The present study evaluates the effects of @entity3 on intestinal function in a @entity1 fetal @entity5 model. Thirty-four fetuses from 10 New Zealand white @entity1 were divided into three groups: (1) @entity5 group (GSC, n = 10), @entity5 was created on gestational day (GD) 24 (term = 31 to 33 days); (2) @entity3 group ( @entity7 , n = 10), after the creation of @entity5 , a small osmotic pump was placed into the @entity1 doe for @entity3 infusion into the fetal amniotic cavity for 7 days (0.2 microgram/g/d); (3) normal group (NF, n = 10), unoperated littermates from the GSC group. There were no maternal deaths, and fetal survival rate was 85%. The fetal small intestinal disaccharidase enzyme, @entity6 (UE/g protein), was markedly decreased in GSC fetuses. It was increased 70% in the @entity7 group but lower than in normal fetuses (GSC = 10.0 +/- 1.6; @entity7 = 17.3 +/- 1.6 [ @entity7 versus GSC, P < .05]; NF = 48.0 +/- 6.7). Maltase activity in the @entity7 group was significantly increased (GSC = 7.2 +/- 1.1; @entity7 = 13.9 +/- 1.8 [ @entity7 versus GSC, P < .05]; NF = 12.2 +/- 1.3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of intraamniotic XXXX administration on intestinal absorption in a @entity1 @entity5 model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 with @entity5 experience delayed intestinal motility and absorption for several weeks after birth. This @entity4 is believed to occur primarily in the third trimester and to be largely caused by the prolonged exposure of the intestine to amniotic fluid. Previous studies have shown that prenatal @entity2 administration will enhance mucosal disaccharidase activity and nutrient uptake. The present study evaluates the effects of @entity3 on intestinal function in a @entity1 fetal @entity5 model. Thirty-four fetuses from 10 New Zealand white @entity1 were divided into three groups: (1) @entity5 group (GSC, n = 10), @entity5 was created on gestational day (GD) 24 (term = 31 to 33 days); (2) @entity3 group ( @entity7 , n = 10), after the creation of @entity5 , a small osmotic pump was placed into the @entity1 doe for @entity3 infusion into the fetal amniotic cavity for 7 days (0.2 microgram/g/d); (3) normal group (NF, n = 10), unoperated littermates from the GSC group. There were no maternal deaths, and fetal survival rate was 85%. The fetal small intestinal disaccharidase enzyme, @entity6 (UE/g protein), was markedly decreased in GSC fetuses. It was increased 70% in the @entity7 group but lower than in normal fetuses (GSC = 10.0 +/- 1.6; @entity7 = 17.3 +/- 1.6 [ @entity7 versus GSC, P < .05]; NF = 48.0 +/- 6.7). Maltase activity in the @entity7 group was significantly increased (GSC = 7.2 +/- 1.1; @entity7 = 13.9 +/- 1.8 [ @entity7 versus GSC, P < .05]; NF = 12.2 +/- 1.3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of intraamniotic @entity3 administration on intestinal absorption in a XXXX @entity5 model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In conjunction with the Neonatology Department at Loma Linda University @entity0 's Hospital, a new protocol has evolved for the management of @entity0 with @entity4 , which obviates both risks associated with primary and staged silo closure. After stabilization of the @entity0 in the neonatal intensive care unit, under sterile conditions, a 5- or 7-cm SILASTIC silo with a spring-loaded ring is placed over the exposed viscera, under the @entity3 . No sutures are required. A @entity2 drip is given, and the bowel is gradually reduced over the next few days. The transparent material of the silo allows for continuous monitoring of the condition of the bowel. Second-stage closure in the operating room is performed using a purse-string suture in the fascia to create a pseudoumbilicus. From October 1992 to April 1994 the authors managed 10 @entity0 using this protocol. The results are compared with those of @entity0 with @entity4 treated at the same institution between August 1982 and June 1993. Outcome parameters to be compared include time until closure, time on ventilation, days of total parenteral nutrition, time until start of oral feeding, time until toleration of full-volume oral feeding, and time until discharge. The authors conclude that silo closure in the neonatal intensive care unit is simple, quick, and effective. It eliminates multiple trips to the operating room, allows the natural accommodation of the bowel into the abdominal cavity with @entity1 and minimal vascular compromise, and has become the authors' treatment of choice for @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: XXXX : a simple technique for staged silo closure.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. Three mutations at the same site in the inactivation gate of the alpha-subunit of the @entity0 muscle @entity2 channel, @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity7 , cause three phenotypes of @entity1 -aggravated @entity4 : @entity5 as the most severe and @entity7 as the most benign form. 2. Recombinant wildtype (WT) and mutant ( @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity7 ) @entity0 @entity2 + channels were expressed in @entity0 embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). @entity5 and @entity6 channels showed a distinct increase in the time constants of inactivation (tau @entity3 ) and in the ratios of steady-state to peak currents (Iss/Ipeak) (e.g. at 0 mV, @entity5 vs. WT; tau h1, 1.29 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.01 ms; Iss/Ipeak, 2.90 +/- 0.40 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.19%). @entity7 channels showed only an increase in tau h1 (0.74 +/- 0.07 ms). For @entity5 and @entity6 channels, the steady-state inactivation curves, as well as the voltage dependence of the rate of recovery from inactivation, were shifted by +15 mV. For @entity7 the h infinity curve was shifted by only +5 mV. 3. @entity5 and @entity6 channels showed prolonged current rise times and later first openings suggesting slowing of activation. For @entity5 channels only, the steady-state activation curve was shifted by -7 mV. For all mutants the deactivation time constants were increased. 4. We conclude that (i) the combination of alterations in inactivation and activation produces the slowing of the current decay, (ii) the slowed inactivation is most responsible for @entity4 , and (iii) the shift of the steady-state activation curve, seen only with @entity5 channels, may explain the severity of this phenotype. 5. The results suggest that two of the mutations in the Na+ channel inactivation gate also alter channel activation and deactivation.

title: Different effects on gating of three XXXX -causing mutations in the inactivation gate of the @entity0 muscle sodium channel.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. Three mutations at the same site in the inactivation gate of the alpha-subunit of the @entity0 muscle @entity2 channel, @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity7 , cause three phenotypes of @entity1 -aggravated @entity4 : @entity5 as the most severe and @entity7 as the most benign form. 2. Recombinant wildtype (WT) and mutant ( @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity7 ) @entity0 @entity2 + channels were expressed in @entity0 embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). @entity5 and @entity6 channels showed a distinct increase in the time constants of inactivation (tau @entity3 ) and in the ratios of steady-state to peak currents (Iss/Ipeak) (e.g. at 0 mV, @entity5 vs. WT; tau h1, 1.29 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.01 ms; Iss/Ipeak, 2.90 +/- 0.40 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.19%). @entity7 channels showed only an increase in tau h1 (0.74 +/- 0.07 ms). For @entity5 and @entity6 channels, the steady-state inactivation curves, as well as the voltage dependence of the rate of recovery from inactivation, were shifted by +15 mV. For @entity7 the h infinity curve was shifted by only +5 mV. 3. @entity5 and @entity6 channels showed prolonged current rise times and later first openings suggesting slowing of activation. For @entity5 channels only, the steady-state activation curve was shifted by -7 mV. For all mutants the deactivation time constants were increased. 4. We conclude that (i) the combination of alterations in inactivation and activation produces the slowing of the current decay, (ii) the slowed inactivation is most responsible for @entity4 , and (iii) the shift of the steady-state activation curve, seen only with @entity5 channels, may explain the severity of this phenotype. 5. The results suggest that two of the mutations in the Na+ channel inactivation gate also alter channel activation and deactivation.

title: Different effects on gating of three @entity4 -causing mutations in the inactivation gate of the XXXX muscle sodium channel.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To assess the advantages of syst  matic herniography in cases of @entity1 in @entity0 . METHOD: Decision analysis presented in the first part of this article was used. A preliminary retrospective study of 348 cases as well as a literature review were utilized to determine the probabilities required in order to create and run the decision aid algorithm. Gonadic benefit was used as the health indicator. RESULTS: For males, gonadic benefit procured by the herniography depends on the risk of strangulation in cases of groin @entity3 and on the frequency of @entity2 after inguinal hernioplasty. The evaluation of these two elements largely determines the choice of medical and surgical practices. For a 0.44% risk of post-operative @entity2 and a risk of strangulated @entity3 estimated at 20%, the cost-effectiveness ratio is FF, 199681 to save a testicle. One testicle is saved every 455 herniographies, with 24 possible post-examination complications. For female, herniography provides no gonadic benefit. DISCUSSION: Decision analysis permits the quantification of results, leading to improved clinical judgement and facilitating the evaluation of medical practice.

title: [Unilateral inguinal XXXX in @entity0 : costs, risks and benefits of herniography? Results].

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To assess the advantages of syst  matic herniography in cases of @entity1 in @entity0 . METHOD: Decision analysis presented in the first part of this article was used. A preliminary retrospective study of 348 cases as well as a literature review were utilized to determine the probabilities required in order to create and run the decision aid algorithm. Gonadic benefit was used as the health indicator. RESULTS: For males, gonadic benefit procured by the herniography depends on the risk of strangulation in cases of groin @entity3 and on the frequency of @entity2 after inguinal hernioplasty. The evaluation of these two elements largely determines the choice of medical and surgical practices. For a 0.44% risk of post-operative @entity2 and a risk of strangulated @entity3 estimated at 20%, the cost-effectiveness ratio is FF, 199681 to save a testicle. One testicle is saved every 455 herniographies, with 24 possible post-examination complications. For female, herniography provides no gonadic benefit. DISCUSSION: Decision analysis permits the quantification of results, leading to improved clinical judgement and facilitating the evaluation of medical practice.

title: [Unilateral inguinal @entity3 in XXXX : costs, risks and benefits of herniography? Results].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The role of @entity3 (DA) in the secretion of GH in most animal species is still controversial. We examined in the @entity1 the effect on GH release of @entity11 , a drug which activates both noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. @entity11 (0.4-2.8 mg/kg, iv), administered into 12 unanesthetized male and female beagles, induced short-dose-related rises in @entity1 GH (cGH) levels. Blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors by @entity10 prevented the GH stimulatory effect of 2.8 mg/kg @entity11 , and an iv bolus injection of @entity6 (a neuroleptic which antagonizes both @entity4 and DA receptor function) given 45 min before was equally effective. Selective blockade of DA receptors by @entity5 significantly reduced the GH-releasing effect of @entity11 . In sum, these data indicated that the effect of @entity11 was the consequence of an enhanced noradrenergic and dopaminergic-neurotransmission. Pretreatment with @entity7 , a DA receptor blocker unable to cross the blood-brain barrier, failed to modify the GH-releasing effect of @entity11 , suggesting that the DA component subserving the neuroendocrine effect of the drug lies within the blood-brain barrier. Further evidence for a stimulatory role of DA on GH release was the fact that @entity8 , a direct stimulant of DA receptors, induced a rise in cGH levels when administered to @entity1 pretreated with @entity7 . The latter drug was used to prevent @entity2 and distress due to activation of peripheral DA receptors by @entity8 . However, @entity8 was only active in the @entity1 at doses (250 and 500 microgram/kg, sc) greatly exceeding those active in releasing GH in @entity0 , suggesting that the role of DA in cGH regulation is ancillary to that exerted by noradrenergic neurotransmission. In a final study, @entity9 , a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, abolished the neuroendocrine effect of @entity11 , a finding which suggests that cholinergic medication plays an important role in cGH regulation.

title: A role for XXXX in growth hormone regulation in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The role of @entity3 (DA) in the secretion of GH in most animal species is still controversial. We examined in the @entity1 the effect on GH release of @entity11 , a drug which activates both noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. @entity11 (0.4-2.8 mg/kg, iv), administered into 12 unanesthetized male and female beagles, induced short-dose-related rises in @entity1 GH (cGH) levels. Blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors by @entity10 prevented the GH stimulatory effect of 2.8 mg/kg @entity11 , and an iv bolus injection of @entity6 (a neuroleptic which antagonizes both @entity4 and DA receptor function) given 45 min before was equally effective. Selective blockade of DA receptors by @entity5 significantly reduced the GH-releasing effect of @entity11 . In sum, these data indicated that the effect of @entity11 was the consequence of an enhanced noradrenergic and dopaminergic-neurotransmission. Pretreatment with @entity7 , a DA receptor blocker unable to cross the blood-brain barrier, failed to modify the GH-releasing effect of @entity11 , suggesting that the DA component subserving the neuroendocrine effect of the drug lies within the blood-brain barrier. Further evidence for a stimulatory role of DA on GH release was the fact that @entity8 , a direct stimulant of DA receptors, induced a rise in cGH levels when administered to @entity1 pretreated with @entity7 . The latter drug was used to prevent @entity2 and distress due to activation of peripheral DA receptors by @entity8 . However, @entity8 was only active in the @entity1 at doses (250 and 500 microgram/kg, sc) greatly exceeding those active in releasing GH in @entity0 , suggesting that the role of DA in cGH regulation is ancillary to that exerted by noradrenergic neurotransmission. In a final study, @entity9 , a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, abolished the neuroendocrine effect of @entity11 , a finding which suggests that cholinergic medication plays an important role in cGH regulation.

title: A role for @entity3 in growth hormone regulation in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A multi-institutional study on the prognosis of @entity0 with @entity4 was performed in Japan from 1975 to 1977, including 20 institutions. The outcome of @entity4 and social adjustment 10, 5, and 3 years after the onset of the illness was studied in three different groups of @entity4 @entity0 , respectively. The number of successfully followed-up cases was 1,868 in total, follow-up rate being 42%. The data were analyzed statistically by use of analysis of variance. The rate of remission of @entity5 in all was 58.3% and the rate of normal social adjustment 62.6%. The remission rate showed no significant difference among the 10-, 5-, and 3-year outcome groups. The study on the outcome of @entity5 control indicated that the prognosis of @entity5 control is more favorable (a) in idiopathic than in residual or symptomatic @entity4 ; (b) in @entity0 with onset before 10 years of age than in those with onset after 10 years; (c) in @entity0 with less frequent @entity5 ; (d) in @entity2 than in waking and diffuse @entity4 ; (e) in @entity0 who started treatment within 1 year of onset of @entity5 ; (f) in @entity0 with single-type partial @entity5 than in those with partial @entity5 combined with @entity5 ; (g) in @entity0 without high grade EEG background abnormality; and (h) in @entity0 without @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity7 , or @entity6 symptoms. Factors that determine the prognosis of social adjustment were almost similar to those for remission of @entity5 . There was a close correlation between the outcome of @entity5 control and that of social adjustment. Correlation coefficient between follow-up rate and remission rate in 15 of the 20 collaborated institutions was 0.55 (p less than 0.05), showing a tendency that the remission rate becomes higher as the follow-up rate is raised.

title: Natural history and prognosis of @entity4 : report of a multi-institutional study in Japan. The group for the study of prognosis of XXXX in Japan.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A multi-institutional study on the prognosis of @entity0 with @entity4 was performed in Japan from 1975 to 1977, including 20 institutions. The outcome of @entity4 and social adjustment 10, 5, and 3 years after the onset of the illness was studied in three different groups of @entity4 @entity0 , respectively. The number of successfully followed-up cases was 1,868 in total, follow-up rate being 42%. The data were analyzed statistically by use of analysis of variance. The rate of remission of @entity5 in all was 58.3% and the rate of normal social adjustment 62.6%. The remission rate showed no significant difference among the 10-, 5-, and 3-year outcome groups. The study on the outcome of @entity5 control indicated that the prognosis of @entity5 control is more favorable (a) in idiopathic than in residual or symptomatic @entity4 ; (b) in @entity0 with onset before 10 years of age than in those with onset after 10 years; (c) in @entity0 with less frequent @entity5 ; (d) in @entity2 than in waking and diffuse @entity4 ; (e) in @entity0 who started treatment within 1 year of onset of @entity5 ; (f) in @entity0 with single-type partial @entity5 than in those with partial @entity5 combined with @entity5 ; (g) in @entity0 without high grade EEG background abnormality; and (h) in @entity0 without @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity7 , or @entity6 symptoms. Factors that determine the prognosis of social adjustment were almost similar to those for remission of @entity5 . There was a close correlation between the outcome of @entity5 control and that of social adjustment. Correlation coefficient between follow-up rate and remission rate in 15 of the 20 collaborated institutions was 0.55 (p less than 0.05), showing a tendency that the remission rate becomes higher as the follow-up rate is raised.

title: Natural history and prognosis of XXXX : report of a multi-institutional study in Japan. The group for the study of prognosis of @entity4 in Japan.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. Experiments were performed in @entity0 hippocampal slices to examine the nature of GABAergic inhibition of inhibitory synaptic transmission. In these experiments the effects of the @entity4 -B (GABAB) receptor agonist, @entity6 , and of subtype-selective @entity1 channel blockers were tested with the use of intracellular recordings of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and whole cell recordings of spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs). 2. @entity6 inhibited evoked and spontaneous (action-potential-dependent) monosynaptic GABAA-mediated IPSPs and IPSCs but had no effect on the frequency of @entity3 -resistant (action-potential-independent) miniature IPSCs recorded in @entity5 pyramidal neurons. 3. Depolarizing GABAergic synaptic terminals by raising the extracellular @entity2 concentration caused an increase in action-potential-independent miniature IPSC frequency that could be inhibited by either @entity6 or @entity7 , a blocker of voltage-dependent @entity1 channels. In addition, under these depolarizing conditions, @entity7 occluded the @entity6 inhibition of miniature IPSCs. These data suggest that @entity6 reduces only depolarization-induced, not quantal, @entity4 release and that it does so by decreasing presynaptic voltage-dependent @entity1 influx. 4. Experiments with subtype-selective @entity1 channel blockers demonstrate that the presynaptic action of @entity6 was mediated through both omega-conotoxin-GVIA-sensitive and omega-agatoxin-IVA-sensitive, but not @entity8 -sensitive @entity1 channels.

title: @entity1 channel involvement in GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition of @entity4 release in area XXXX of the @entity0 hippocampus.

answer: @entity5


abstract: 1. Experiments were performed in @entity0 hippocampal slices to examine the nature of GABAergic inhibition of inhibitory synaptic transmission. In these experiments the effects of the @entity4 -B (GABAB) receptor agonist, @entity6 , and of subtype-selective @entity1 channel blockers were tested with the use of intracellular recordings of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and whole cell recordings of spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs). 2. @entity6 inhibited evoked and spontaneous (action-potential-dependent) monosynaptic GABAA-mediated IPSPs and IPSCs but had no effect on the frequency of @entity3 -resistant (action-potential-independent) miniature IPSCs recorded in @entity5 pyramidal neurons. 3. Depolarizing GABAergic synaptic terminals by raising the extracellular @entity2 concentration caused an increase in action-potential-independent miniature IPSC frequency that could be inhibited by either @entity6 or @entity7 , a blocker of voltage-dependent @entity1 channels. In addition, under these depolarizing conditions, @entity7 occluded the @entity6 inhibition of miniature IPSCs. These data suggest that @entity6 reduces only depolarization-induced, not quantal, @entity4 release and that it does so by decreasing presynaptic voltage-dependent @entity1 influx. 4. Experiments with subtype-selective @entity1 channel blockers demonstrate that the presynaptic action of @entity6 was mediated through both omega-conotoxin-GVIA-sensitive and omega-agatoxin-IVA-sensitive, but not @entity8 -sensitive @entity1 channels.

title: XXXX channel involvement in GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition of @entity4 release in area @entity5 of the @entity0 hippocampus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Experiments were performed in @entity0 hippocampal slices to examine the nature of GABAergic inhibition of inhibitory synaptic transmission. In these experiments the effects of the @entity4 -B (GABAB) receptor agonist, @entity6 , and of subtype-selective @entity1 channel blockers were tested with the use of intracellular recordings of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and whole cell recordings of spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs). 2. @entity6 inhibited evoked and spontaneous (action-potential-dependent) monosynaptic GABAA-mediated IPSPs and IPSCs but had no effect on the frequency of @entity3 -resistant (action-potential-independent) miniature IPSCs recorded in @entity5 pyramidal neurons. 3. Depolarizing GABAergic synaptic terminals by raising the extracellular @entity2 concentration caused an increase in action-potential-independent miniature IPSC frequency that could be inhibited by either @entity6 or @entity7 , a blocker of voltage-dependent @entity1 channels. In addition, under these depolarizing conditions, @entity7 occluded the @entity6 inhibition of miniature IPSCs. These data suggest that @entity6 reduces only depolarization-induced, not quantal, @entity4 release and that it does so by decreasing presynaptic voltage-dependent @entity1 influx. 4. Experiments with subtype-selective @entity1 channel blockers demonstrate that the presynaptic action of @entity6 was mediated through both omega-conotoxin-GVIA-sensitive and omega-agatoxin-IVA-sensitive, but not @entity8 -sensitive @entity1 channels.

title: @entity1 channel involvement in GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition of XXXX release in area @entity5 of the @entity0 hippocampus.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. Experiments were performed in @entity0 hippocampal slices to examine the nature of GABAergic inhibition of inhibitory synaptic transmission. In these experiments the effects of the @entity4 -B (GABAB) receptor agonist, @entity6 , and of subtype-selective @entity1 channel blockers were tested with the use of intracellular recordings of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and whole cell recordings of spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs). 2. @entity6 inhibited evoked and spontaneous (action-potential-dependent) monosynaptic GABAA-mediated IPSPs and IPSCs but had no effect on the frequency of @entity3 -resistant (action-potential-independent) miniature IPSCs recorded in @entity5 pyramidal neurons. 3. Depolarizing GABAergic synaptic terminals by raising the extracellular @entity2 concentration caused an increase in action-potential-independent miniature IPSC frequency that could be inhibited by either @entity6 or @entity7 , a blocker of voltage-dependent @entity1 channels. In addition, under these depolarizing conditions, @entity7 occluded the @entity6 inhibition of miniature IPSCs. These data suggest that @entity6 reduces only depolarization-induced, not quantal, @entity4 release and that it does so by decreasing presynaptic voltage-dependent @entity1 influx. 4. Experiments with subtype-selective @entity1 channel blockers demonstrate that the presynaptic action of @entity6 was mediated through both omega-conotoxin-GVIA-sensitive and omega-agatoxin-IVA-sensitive, but not @entity8 -sensitive @entity1 channels.

title: @entity1 channel involvement in GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition of @entity4 release in area @entity5 of the XXXX hippocampus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. Transient and steady-state (40 Hz) evoked potentials, as well as spontaneous and click-evoked @entity1 , were recorded from 15 lightly anesthetized @entity0 using an 8 x 8 electrode epipial array covering auditory cortex and adjacent areas to determine and compare the spatiotemporal distributions of these four phenomena. 2. The transient evoked response replicated earlier findings in our laboratory, consisting of an initial biphasic sharp wave in area 41, a similar but delayed biphasic sharp wave in area 36, and more widely distributed slow-wave components. Spatiotemporal analysis supported a model of parallel and asynchronous activation of distinct groups of thalamocortical projections underlying the neurogenesis of these temporal components of the middle-latency auditory evoked potential (MAEP) complex. 3. The 40-Hz response to click trains was superimposed on a steady potential shift (SP), both of which were localized within primary auditory cortex. Epipial distributions of the SP were similar to those of the shortest-latency negative peak in area 41 recorded in the same animals, suggesting similar neural generators. The 40-Hz response was more focal and dissimilar from the SP and any other temporal components of the MAEP complex, suggesting that a unique subpopulation of cells underlies its neurogenesis. 4. Spontaneous gamma-band activity, as assessed by power spectrum analysis, was localized to primary and secondary auditory cortex but had a variable distribution between @entity0 that did not conform to the cytoarchitectonic boundaries within subdivisions of this region. Digital movies computed for individual bursts of gamma-activity indicated a high degree of spatiotemporal variability within and between bursts. 5. Single-trial spectral analysis of click responses indicated an inhibition of @entity1 during most of the MAEP complex, with subsequent enhanced gamma-activity during the 300- to 350-ms slow-wave component that outlasted the MAEP by approximately 500 ms. The epipial distributions of prestimulus and enhanced poststimulus gamma-oscillations were the same. In contrast to the 40-Hz response to click trains, phase-locking of gamma-oscillations by the single click stimulus was not observed. 6. These results suggest that both the MAEP complex and the steady-state 40-Hz response with its associated SP are highly stereotyped in lightly anesthetized rodent cortex. Their spatiotemporal distributions are probably determined in large part by asynchronous activation of parallel thalamocortical projection systems. Our data suggest no direct link between either the MAEP or the steady-state 40-Hz response to spontaneous or evoked @entity1 in auditory cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Comparison of evoked potentials and high-frequency (gamma-band) oscillating potentials in XXXX auditory cortex.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Case histories are presented of 8 unrelated @entity0 born to mothers who were chronic alcoholics. These @entity0 showed a similar pattern of craniofacial, limb, and @entity1 associated with prenatal-onset @entity6 and @entity3 . This is the 1st report to document an association between maternal @entity7 and aberrant morphogenesis in the offspring. The mean duration of maternal @entity7 was 9.4 years. 3 of the cases were black, 3 were Native American, and 2 were white. The mean gestational age was 38 weeks. The degree of @entity6 was more severe than the deficit of weight at birth, suggesting that a factor other than maternal undernutrition alone affected prenatal growth. @entity6 , and short palbebral fissures were observed in all 8 @entity0 . 7 of the 8 @entity0 also demonstrated @entity11 and @entity10 with relative prognathism. 6 had an altered palmar crease pattern, 5 showed @entity4 , and 4 had epicanthal folds. Although adequate nutrition was provided to the @entity0 during hospital admission and/or foster care placement, no catch-up growth was observed. After 1 year, the average linear growth rate was 65% of normal and the average rate of @entity8 was only 38% of normal. By 1 year, head circumference fell below the 3rd percentile for height and chronological age in 5 of the 6 @entity0 in whom measurements were taken. Fine motor dysfunction was present in 5 of the 6 @entity0 tested, and most were delayed in gross motor performance as well. The similarity in pattern of @entity5 noted among these 8 @entity0 suggests a singular mode of etiology related to an as yet unknown effect of maternal @entity7 . Direct @entity9 @entity2 is the most likely possibility.

title: Pattern of XXXX in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers.

answer: @entity5